bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bivariate Correlative Modest Adaptive Boost Resource Aware Task Scheduling in Cloud Environment
Authors: J. Radha Et al.
Published: February 2024

Cloud computing is a rapidly evolving paradigm that provides accessible and virtualized resources through Internet technology. In this model, Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) offer online access to computing resources for users to execute their application tasks. Task scheduling in cloud computing involves the allocation of computational tasks to available resources within the cloud environment. The primary objectives of task scheduling are to optimize resource utilization, minimize task completion time, and enhance overall system performance. Task scheduling plays a vital role in cloud resource management as it directly impacts the efficiency of cloud data centers. With the increasing number of cloud computing users, task scheduling has become more challenging, requiring the use of suitable scheduling algorithms. To improve task scheduling efficiency, a novel method called Bivariate Correlative Modest Adaptive Boost Resource Optimized Task Scheduling (BCMABROTS) is developed for efficient service provisioning in the cloud environment. The BCMABROTS method begins by collecting the number of incoming user-requested tasks. After that, the resources of virtual machines, such as energy, bandwidth, memory, and CPU, are measured. The ensemble classifier constructs the set of weak learners as the nearest prototype centroid classifier. The weak classifier uses Bivariate Correlation to classify the resource-optimal virtual machine based on the available resources. The results of the weak learners are combined to provide strong classification results. Once the optimal virtual machine is categorized, the task is scheduled for that particular virtual machine by the task assigner. This approach ensures efficient cloud service provisioning with minimal time consumption. Experimental evaluation is carried out to assess factors such as task scheduling efficiency, makespan, throughput and average response time in relation to the number of cloud-requested tasks. The observed performance results confirm that the BCMABROTS method improves the task scheduling efficiency, throughput and minimizes the makespan as well as the average response time than the conventional machine learning methods.
Resilient Sliding Mode Control via Direct Pole Placement Technique for Large Scale Systems
Authors: Hnnie Williams Et al.
Published: February 2024

This paper introduces an innovative method for determining the switching surface within an equivalent pole placement control framework designed specifically for multivariable systems. Moreover, it showcases adaptability across both minimum phase and non-minimum phase systems. The sliding mode control system offers significant flexibility in shaping the closed-loop eigenvalues, providing considerable freedom in customizing the system's characteristics. The formulation of the sliding surface plays a crucial role in defining the performance features of the control system, as the representative point of the system is constrained to follow a predetermined switching surface. Researchers are actively addressing the pole assignment problem within sliding mode control, presenting a unique geometric approach for designing sliding surfaces. This contribution introduces a fresh perspective to the domain of control system design, and the inclusion of numerical examples serves to highlight the simplicity and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Techniques for Diversified Optimization of Routing Algorithms in Mobile Ad-Hoc Wireless Connections
Authors: Pragya Kabra Et. al
Published: February 2024

MANETs, for example, are a type of network that lacks a well-established infrastructure. Creating ad-hoc networks is difficult because of a lack of infrastructure. Choosing a routing protocol in an ad-hoc network may be difficult due to the network's volatility. To obtain the optimum performance, Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) is a hybrid routing protocol that combines the best aspects of proactive (Optimized Link State Routing) and reactive (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector) routing approaches. MANET performance can be improved using a Genetic Algorithm and Ant Colony Optimization.
Optimizing Interference Management in Multi-Channel Multi-Radio Wireless Mesh Networks
Authors: Harsh Lohiya Et. al
Published: February 2024

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) face challenges in load balancing due to high traffic volumes. Unequal load distribution stems from two main factors: the dispersed nature of clients and their varying demands. The primary goal is to develop multi-frequency hybrid radio network systems with dynamic frequency allocation and gateway selection. A framework termed "LACE - Load-Aware Frequency Estimation" is introduced to enhance network protection, lifespan, and quality while reducing packet loss, latency, energy consumption, and routing overhead. This approach facilitates the expansion of coverage without compromising frequency capacity by enabling dynamic frequency allocation and gateway selection in WMNs.
Essential T-Goldie-Supplemented Modules
Authors: Firas Sh. Fandi Firas Sh. Fandi
Published: February 2024

In our work, we defined Essential T--equivalent is relation between two submodules of a module N. A submodules K and H of a modules N are Essential- T- equivalent (K H), if     and    , for some . We give many characterizations of the relation  equivalent. So, we defined the Essential T- Goldie* lifting Modules and we give many properties related with this type. Keyword: ET-small submodule, Essential T-lifting module, Essential T-Goldie*lifting modules
Rare And Popular Event-Based Co-Located Pattern Recognition in Surveillance Videos Using Max-Min PPI-DBSCAN And GREVNN
Authors: Jayaram C V Et al.
Published: February 2024

Co-located pattern recognition is the process of identifying the sequence of patterns occurring in surveillance videos. In greater part of the existing works, the detection of rare and popular events for effective co-located pattern recognition is not concentrated. Therefore, this paper presents the automatic discovery of the co-located patterns based on rare and popular events in the video. First, the video is converted to frames, and the keyframes are preprocessed. Then, the foreground and background of the frames are estimated, and the rare and popular events are grouped using Maximum-Minimum Pixel-Per-Inch Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (Max-MinPPI-DBSCAN). From the grouped image, the object detection and mapping are done, and the patch is extracted from it. Next, the edges are detected and from that, for the moving objects, motion is estimated by the Kullback-Leibler Kalman Filter (KLKF). Also, for non-moving objects, the objects/persons are tracked. From the motion estimated and tracked data, time series features are extracted. Then, the optimal features are selected using the Dung Beetle State Transition Probability Optimizer (DBSTPO). Finally, the co-located pattern is classified using a Generalized Recurrent Extreme Value Neural Network (GREVNN), and the alert message is given to the authorities. Hence, the proposed model selected the features in 53239.44ms and classified the event with 99.0723% accuracy and showed better performance than existing works.
An Online Inquiry and Information Management System in Bicol Garments
Authors: Ruben L. Balon Et al.
Published: February 2024

Information management plays a very significant role in an organization. It helps the organization manage files and documents in an organized way. The main objective of this study is to propose a system that would help improve the process of handling and recording customer information as well as enhance communication between the customer and the business organization. In order to ensure the improvement of the process in Bicol Garments, the proponents have identified the following problems: manual listing and processing of customers' information and job orders; as well as communication problems. With this, business process management was used for modeling and reengineering the workflow process. The study utilizes business process management to show the existing process and the proposed new process for Bicol Garments. By analyzing the As-Is process, the proponents noticed several problems in the current process and proposed a To-Be BPMN in order to resolve the issue. The experimentation in the study also shows that the use of the proposed system will improve the current process at Bicol Garments and provide ease of access to the customer. The study has proposed several protocols to help improve the process. These protocols were simulated in several instances and have shown improvements. However, the result of this study cannot be completely generalized because it has not yet been implemented in Bicol Garments.
Identification of Security Issues and Finding their Solution in Cloud Computing
Authors: Himanshu Kalra Himanshu Kalra
Published: February 2024

The advent of Cloud Computing has simplified on-demand access to IT services including data storage and administration. In addition, it seeks to secure systems and make them functional. With these benefits, there are significant security constraints for cloud providers. When it comes to cloud computing, one of the biggest obstacles is ensuring the safety of data and services. Considering this, several solutions have been put into place to boost cloud security by keeping an eye on everything from resources to services to networks to identify and stop intrusions as soon as they occur. The term "Intrusion Detection System" (IDS) refers to an improved technique used to regulate network traffic and identify abnormal activity. This paper presents the identification of Security Issues and Finding their Solution in Cloud Computing using machine learning techniques including Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Multi-Layer Protocol (MLP). This model is trained and evaluated using NSL-KDD dataset. The experimental findings show the highest accuracy of 93.5% with the use of SVM model. As a result, the achieved results demonstrate strong performance concerning Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1-Score when compared to recent studies.
Evidence Based Program Databases: a Tool for Modern Prevention and Rehabilitation
Authors: Barczykowska Agnieszka Ewa
Published: February 2024

Introduction: The search for effective methods of conducting preventive and rehabilitation interventions is one of the main tasks for educators and other professionals working in this practice area today. One of the tools that can help achieve this goal is the databases of evidence-based programs. They are a reservoir of research-proven proposals for the conduct of activities. They are also becoming an essential space for the exchange of experiences and a source of change. However, they are not free of dysfunctions and problems. Research Aim: The aim of the research undertaken is, on the one hand, to popularise the idea of evidence-based prevention program bases and, on the other hand, to reflect on their functioning with an analysis of their risks and potentials. The text also attempts to answer how to change program bases and programs to make them as reliable and effective as possible. Evidence-based Facts: Research on evidence-based program bases and the programs has a history of almost thirty years. This research has proven to be a kind of 'milestone,' which is not to say that it has not revealed all sorts of problems. There is an ongoing discussion in the literature in this area relating to the databases' content and functionality. Summary: Raising awareness of the importance of evidence-based measures, popularising the bases of scientifically verified programs, and improving their functionality are becoming key phrases for rehabilitation and prevention educators today.
Forms of Education and the Teacher's Empowerment
Authors: Kabat Małgorzata
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Educational transformations in Poland and the world are the reason for undertaking the modernisation of the teacher’s professional activities. A key issue is becoming the requirement for the teacher to acquire knowledge about the organisation of the school process that ensures the most effective realisation of goals, tasks and functions. Solutions are sought in this area that include harmonizing the teacher’s natural organisational skills with his/her knowledge dependent on his/her talents, pedagogical experience exploited in complex educational forms and situations. Research Aim: The aim of the research was combined with the recognition of the teacher’s involvement in the professional activity necessary in the organisational activities emblematic of the forms of school and non-school reality discussed. A deductive method of data analysis combining with the selection of selected sources was used, focusing on descriptive and new implementation. Evidence-based Facts: The exploration carried out revealed that the considered forms of education function independently as well as interpenetrate each other, creating a common ground for the emergence of teacher empowerment, which is the impulse for the emergence of a new personal-team structure in the educational process. Summary: The theoretical and exploratory analyses made show a glimpse that the application in various forms of education of teacher empowerment and its assumptions together with the PERFORM model is an alternative way of combining educational theory and practice representing a different remedy of professional functioning.
On Experiencing a Hybrid Childhood in Times of Intensive Parenting - Research Results
Authors: Dziekońska Joanna
Published: February 2024

Introduction: The progressive participation of media in children's lives determines the content of their experiences and contributes to the creation of new vision of childhood. Nowadays, it is implemented in unlimited digital space, however, with limited freedom in physical space. The resonance of changes is visible in many areas of children's lives and affects the way of their functioning. Research Aim: The aim of the research was to show the aspects of experiencing childhood in a physical-digital world. The category of "experiencing" referred to the ways in which children function in interpenetrating offline and online spaces and to the emotions associated with it. Method: The method of collecting research material was focused group interviews, conducted among nineteen children aged 8-10. The method of data analysis was thematic analysis. Results: On the basis of the analysis, a map of themes and semantic codes was selected. The primary theme was "hybrid childhood", which included subtopics related to children's experience of modern childhood. The secondary topic was "intensive parenting", which referred to children's emotions aroused by their disagreement with adults imposing on them visions of their own childhood. Conclusions: Children naturally enter the existing reality and move freely between traditional and network playgrounds, although they definitely notice the differences between them. Experiencing a hybrid childhood in the times of intensive parenthood is assosiated with the fact that children do not agree with the unjustified limits and restrictions related to being in the network imposed on them by parents, as adults do not adhere them themselves. Children express the need for autonomy and participation in making decisions about themselves. They contest arguments based on the common belief that adults have more rights than children.
Metamorphoses of Memory in the Play by Nikolai Rudkovsky “Дожить до премьеры” (“Live to See the Premiere”)
Authors: Gulina Anastasia
Published: February 2024

At the beginning of the 21st century, the societies of the post-Soviet countries are still faced with the problem of determining its position in relation to the Soviet past and self-identification of national identity. The popularity of the nostalgic narrative about the lost socialist world order, actively supported by official propaganda in some countries, led to a paradoxical metamorphosis – the project of the future socialist society has become a symbol of conservative values and a glorious heroic past. Since the beginning of the 40s of the 20th century in the literature of the medium memory a mythologizing vision of the Second World War has become subjected. The subject of the article is the analysis of the drama of contemporary Belarusian writer Nikolai Rudkovsky “Дожить до премьеры” (“Live to See the Premiere”). Exploring the theme of war, the playwriter shows the evolution of the perception of a memorable event: from the high rank of a historical fact to the experience of an individual, doomed to operate in a warlike reality. The playwriter interprets collective memory and the Soviet, Russian and Belarusian literary canon in reference to various types of metatexts corresponding to the theme of war.
The Contests of Young Writers of the Belarusian PEN Centre and their Role in the Consolidation of Writers in the Belarusian Literary Process at the Beginning of the 21st Century
Authors: Mikhalchuk Hanna
Published: February 2024

The article provides a review of the contests of young writers held by the Belarusian PEN Centre in 2003–2006 and 2009–2012. The aim of the research is to determine the role of these contests in the consolidation of writers in the Belarusian literary process at the beginning of the 21st century. The author proves that for a certain circle of contemporary Belarusian authors, winning contests, as well as participation in events organized for the winners (such as literature seminars, roundtables, presentations of collections published in the outcome of contests), became an important part of their creative and professional biography. The authors themselves value highly the role ofcontests in their creative formation. The events organized for the winners influenced the formation of knowledge of finalists on the current literary process, created an opportunity to improve literary skills and publication of texts sent to a contest, to give authors a possibility to get to know each other better and, in addition, they resulted in the establishment of a creative and professional cooperation, which continued after the end of the contest. Such contests played an important role in the emergence of an informal youth literary circle, united around the person of Andrej Khadanovich, the main coordinator of contests and contest events, as well as in the formation of a circle of young literary activists around the Belarusian PEN Centre. The results of the research proved that literary contests - as one of the most important forms of consolidation of the environment of the writers – had a significant influence on many processes and phenomena of Belarusian literature of the 21st century.
Refugees, Soldiers, “DPs”. Belarusians in Western Europe in the Light of Correspondence with Liavon Rydleuski (1946–1947). Prolegomena
Authors: Waszczyńska Katarzyna
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the correspondence conducted in 1946-1947 by Liavon Rydleuski, a Belarusian emigration activist, with Belarusians who found themselves in France or wanted to settle there. The main reason for the interest in the letters was the desire to recognise their potential in the study of the diaspora and its fate. It should be noted that this is not a new source in the study of Belarusian emigration, but until now researchers have focused primarily on the correspondence of well-known, recognisable people. In contrast, the letters that form the basis of the article were written by people who do not belong to this group. This correspondence was drawn up from the formal side, as well as using such method as content analysis. It demonstrated the presence of two main thematic fields: the diaspora as a socio-anthropological and political entity, within which many minor threads can be found. It also proved that letters written by ordinary people can also be useful for the study of Belarusian diaspora.
Eastern Slavic Elements in the Women’s Forenames of the Bourgeois and Peasant Classes of Central-Western Podlasie (17th–18th Centuries)
Authors: Złotkowski Piotr
Published: February 2024

Central-western Podlasie is a border area where Western and Eastern Slavic ethnic, linguistic, religious and cultural influences have clashed since its settlement. Such territories are extremely interesting research areas due to the variety of factors acting on the studied objects on a synchronic and diachronic levels. This study examines the forenames of women of the bourgeois and peasant classes of this area in the period from the beginning of the 17th to the end of the 18th century. The author of the study was particularly interested in the forenames showing East Slavic linguistic features. The formal determinants of these features turned out to be the phonetic and morphological properties of onymic derivatives, resulting from the adaptation of names on a local linguistic basis. The main aim of the article was to examine whether the occurrence of East Slavic elements in the forenames is determined by the origin of the onyms. To achieve this, it was necessary to make a genetic classification of the forenames, both as a whole and as a group containing East Slavic elements. As a result of the research, it turned out that the vast majority of the forenames with East Slavic linguistic features are hagiographic forenames of Greek origin. These units appeared in a significant number of phonetic and morphological variants, which proves the vitality of onymic transformation processes in the local area. The conclusion resulting from the analysis is that the form and origin of the forenames were related to the confessional affiliation of their bearers, in this case, followers of Orthodox Christianity or Byzantine Catholicism.
COVID-19 Pandemisinde Fen Bilimleri Öğretmenlerinin Teknolojik Pedagojik Alan Bilgisi ile Uzaktan Eğitime Yönelik Tutumları Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: CİMBAR Deniz Cemre , YURTSEVEN Nihal
Published: February 2024

Bu araştırmanın amacı COVID-19 pandemisinde fen bilimleri öğretmenlerinin sahip oldukları teknolojik pedagojik alan bilgisi (TPAB) öz yeterliği ile uzaktan eğitime yönelik tutumları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Araştırma açıklayıcı sıralı karma araştırma modeli ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırma nicel boyutunda kolay ulaşılabilir örnekleme yoluyla 106 fen bilimleri öğretmenine ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmanın nicel boyutundan elde edilen veriler Mann-Whitney U testi ve Kruskal Wallis H Testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Nitel aşamada katılımcılar nicel aşamada yer alan katılımcılar içerisinden seçilerek standartlaştırılmış açık uçlu soruların yöneltildiği bir görüşme gerçekleştirilmiş, görüşmelerin ses kaydı alınarak içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucuna göre fen bilimleri öğretmenlerinin TPAB öz yeterliği ile uzaktan eğitim tutumu kurum türü, kıdem ve cinsiyet açısından incelendiğinde anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır. Bu bağlamda görüşmeden elde edilen nitel bulgular nicel bulguları desteklemektedir.
Muerte violenta, duelo y escritura en Cómo maté a mi padre de Sara Jaramillo Klinkert
Authors: Díaz-Facio Lince Victoria Eugenia , Ruiz-Osorio Mario Alberto
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to understand how mourning is represented in literary memoirs on disruptive losses marked by violence and to explore the role writing plays in the grieving process. Based on the interpretation of Sara Jaramillo Klinkert’s memoir How I Killed My Father, this article focuses on mourning after a homicide. The employed method was biographical-narrative, with a hermeneutic approach, and documentary research strategies. Results show the complexity of the mourning that marked the author’s childhood because of the disruptiveness of death, the confrontation with the destructiveness of another person, the awareness of vulnerability, and the fracture of previous referents. It is concluded that writing mediates the grieving process by mobilizing the narrative work of the wounded past, rescuing the father from forced oblivion, and relocating the bond in the realm of written memory.
People-Place Dilemma: The Challenge for Anchor Networks in Legacy Cities
Authors: Swanstrom Todd , Ukpabi Ifeanyi , Johns-Wolfe Elaina
Published: February 2024

Anchor movements rest on the premise that people- and place-based initiatives can be mutually reinforcing.  The community development movement, however, has been haunted for years by the people-place dilemma – the idea that efforts to help people harm efforts to uplift places and vice versa.  This article examines the people-place dilemma through a case study of the St. Louis Anchor Action Network (STLAAN), a collaboration of 16 anchor institutions.  St. Louis is a classic legacy city that once enjoyed rapid growth but is now characterized by falling population size and high poverty.  The heart of the people-place dilemma in legacy cities is that efforts to help people in disinvested communities may enable them to move somewhere else, leaving behind poorer communities.  We document longstanding trends that have drained STLAAN’s focus geography of people and resources, as well as more recent growth of an “eds and meds” economy that presents an opportunity to address decades of disinvestment and decline.  We examine STLAAN’s efforts to invest in its focus geography and the people who live there, drawing lessons for anchor work, especially in legacy cities. Our research underscores the importance of data, social commitments, community engagement, and research.
Experiential Extractivism in Service-Learning and Community Engagement
Authors: Stanlick Sarah Eliza
Published: February 2024

Extractivism is so often characterized as resource extractivism – the exploitation of a community’s natural resources for economic gain. However, when we think about the relationships between community and university, there are many ways in which the university can take out of the community or benefit to an extent that extracts human, capital, and natural resources. I contend that some of the university-community engagement work that has been done in the last 20 years replicates colonial structures in ways that have harmed communities under the well-intentioned guise of service-learning, community-based learning, or “development.” Drawing on Du Bois (1947) and on Riofrancos’ (2020) work on colonialism and extractivism, this paper will explore the role of the university as both a transformer and oppressor through global learning. I will explore the promise and pitfalls for these engaged pedagogies, and propose pathways to avoiding unjust, extractive practices in the pursuit of learning and student development. I will end with recommendations for just, equitable, and critical community-based global learning and some promising examples.
Changes of electrocardiography in clinical outcomes of chronic kidney disease: a retrospective study
Authors: Slimani Hanan , Zehr Kenton , Zouain Nicolas , Hainz Douglas
Published: February 2024

Chronic Kidney disease (CKD) is a well-established major public health problem globally. CKD has been associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and rate of hospitalization, CKD is associated with increased risk of CVDs and associated mortality. Patients with CKD have multiple comorbidities and they have well-established risks that increase the risk of CVDs that may progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), where the kidneys are as of now not ready to satisfy the needs of the body. Both CKD and ESRD are related to an expanded gamble of cardiovascular infections (CVDs). Electrocardiographic (ECG) changes are extremely normal in patients with renal illness, particularly in those cases who have laid out CVDs. The ECG irregularities can have a likely relationship with the different reasons for CKD and can be related to different clinical results. This study aims to compare ECG abnormalities in 310 patients with CKD compared to 111 patients without CKD. The average age of the patients was 58±13.2 years with 88 females and 199 males and 250 patients having end-stage renal failure (ESRD). The resulting data showed that ECG changes revealed that 21 patients had ischemia changes (IHD), 15 had q-wave positive changes, and 65 had left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). In conclusion, the ECG is recommended as a routine investigation in CKD/ESRD patients with DM and HTN. Moreover, evaluations should be performed based on physical examination and plans of care even when the ECG finding is negative.
Application of machine learning constructs to predict post-operative complications and adverse events following shoulder hemiarthroplasty
Authors: Dasari Prathyusha , Rice Richard C. , Cabrera Andrew , Kricfalusi Mikayla , Case Trevor , Gulbrandsen Matthew T. , Brown Jeremy , Phipatanakul Wesley P.
Published: February 2024

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) constructs and machine learning (ML) algorithms have demonstrated utility in predicting various clinical, surgical, and financial outcomes. In this study, we applied AI to shoulder hemiarthroplasty (HA) to predict various post-operative complications.
Methods: The sample was queried from the American college of surgeons-national surgical quality improvement program (ACS-NSQIP) database for all shoulder HA cases from 2008-2018. Six ML algorithms-random forest classifier, gradient boosting classifier, decision tree classifier, SVM classifier-tuned model, Gaussian Naïve Bayes classifier, multi-layer perception-analyzed the sample dataset. Postoperative complications included extended length of stay, non-home discharge destination, transfusion, and any adverse event. Each ML model was compared to logistic regression (LR), and model strength was evaluated.
Results: We identified a total of 1585 shoulder HA cases. Mean age, BMI, operative time, and length of stay were 66±12 years, 31±8 kg/m2, 114±61 minutes, and 2.93±6.61 days. Preop hematocrit, longer operative time, and older age were most predictive of extended length of stay. Preop hematocrit, operative time, and ASA class had the highest importance in any adverse events (AAE) prediction. ML models outperformed traditional comorbidity indices, LR, for predicting extended length of stay (79% vs. 66%), non-home discharge destination (79% vs. 65%), any adverse event (78% vs. 66%), and transfusion requirement (82% vs. 63%). 
Conclusions: ML algorithms predicted post-surgical outcomes of interest following shoulder HA at a higher rate to conventional LR and can assist orthopedic surgeons in decision making.
Assessment of clinical, functional and radiological outcomes in patients with fracture of distal end radius managed with close reduction and internal fixation with multiple percutaneous K wires: a prospective, single centre study
Authors: Thaware Ameya Dhuldeo , Garg Rohit Nirbhay , Patil Shailendra , Kuris James
Published: February 2024

Background: Distal end radius fractures are one of the commonest fractures, occurring in all the age groups. Different treatment modalities have been described in the literature ranging from conservative to operative including close/open reduction to external fixation. Our prospective study aimed at evaluating the outcomes and complications in these fractures managed by close means with multiple percutaneous K wires.
Methods: All the patients with distal end radius fracture were treated with close reduction and internal fixation with multiple percutaneous K wires. They were then evaluated clinically with visual analogue scale (VAS) score, functionally with Mayo wrist score and radiologically with Sarmiento’s modification of Lindstrom’s criteria on the follow ups.
Results: The study included a total of 152 patients (88 females and 64 males) with mean age being 49.5±10.4 years, with fall on outstretched hand being the most common mode of injury, and dorsal displacement (73.7%) being the most common X-ray finding. Maximum patients in the study had A2.2 fracture (80 patients) followed by C1.2 fracture type (36 patients). There was clinically and statistically significant improvement in the mean VAS scores on follow ups. Excellent functional and radiological outcomes were seen in 124 patients and 108 patients respectively.
Conclusions: Close reduction and internal fixation with multiple percutaneous K wires is a cost effective and easy method to treat all distal end radius fractures, provided good anatomical reduction is achieved before the wires are put.
Intra-articular autologous conditioned plasma reduces pain in early osteoarthritis and improves stiffness in advanced osteoarthritis knee: a prospective observation
Authors: Tripathi Navin , Regmi Anil , Shrestha Bhola , Sapkota Krishna , Kayastha Dipesh
Published: February 2024

Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of single-dose intra-articular autologous conditioned plasma injection as the treatment for early and advanced osteoarthritis knee.
Methods: A single centre-based prospective observational analysis was conducted among patients who opt for conservative management by intra-articular autologous conditioned plasma Injection between July 2022 to June 2023. Total 46 patients were included and analysed in study on 1, 3, and 6 months’ follow-up after ACP injection. The WOMAC score and its sub scores were analysed and compared pre-procedure and on subsequent follow ups.
Results: A total of 46 patients were analysed in the study, with male predominance of 56.5% with mean BMI of 27.37±5.35. On KL grading, 34.8% patients had KL grade II Osteoarthritis, 52.2% had grade III and 13.0% had grade IV. On comparison of WOMAC score and its sub-scales, all the values were found to be statically significant while comparing before injection (p value <0.0001) and one month follow up and before injection and six months’ follow-up (p value <0.0001).
Conclusions: Six months following intra-articular autologous conditioned plasma injection, there was a noteworthy decrease in pain in early stages of osteoarthritis and improvement in knee stiffness in advanced stages of osteoarthritis as compared to the pre-treatment state.
Trauma outcomes at higher-level trauma centres compared with lower-level trauma centres: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jayakumar Nithish , Sarhan Islam , Lahart Ian M. , Athar Sajjad , Neil Ashwood
Published: February 2024

The introduction of trauma systems has helped reduce mortality in severely injured patients. This fall in mortality, however, appears to be concentrated in higher-level trauma centres (TCs) in comparison to lower-level TCs, but the evidence is inconsistent. Therefore, we undertook a systematic review with the aim of comparing outcomes in lower-level TCs (i.e. level III and IV trauma centres) with higher-level TCs (i.e. level I and II centres). This systematic review was performed in accordance with the guidelines defined in the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses statement (PRISMA). The review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42019111933). Mortality data were combined using the Mantel-Haenszel random-effects method for meta-analysis, using Review Manager (RevMan v5.3.5). We found 28 eligible articles from an initial total of 10,816 identified abstracts. Our meta-analysis revealed no evidence of a difference in mortality risk in severely injured patients between lower-level and higher-level TCs (RR 1.55; 95% CI 0.97 to 2.50; p=0.07), but there was considerable heterogeneity (I2=92%) in the dataset. The risk of death in lower-level TCs in patients with neurological trauma, however, was statistically lower than in higher-level TCs (RR 0.80; 95% CI 0.73 to 0.86; I2=78%; p<00001). There was a higher risk of death in patients with neurological trauma managed at higher-level TCs and this is likely to be due to the higher severity of injury (intracranial and extracranial) sustained by patients at higher-level TCs. However, the high level of heterogeneity in the risk estimates of evaluated studies reduces the certainty of our interpretations.
Is there a role for ischaemic pre-conditioning in orthopaedic and trauma surgery? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Duffy Sean D. X. , Beswick Andrew D. , Blom Ashley
Published: February 2024

Surgical procedures using a tourniquet submit tissues to ischaemia and reperfusion on restoring blood flow. Ischaemia-reperfusion may lead to local or remote tissue damage resulting in pain and complications. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ischaemic preconditioning with a tourniquet in preventing pain, disability, adverse events, inflammation and facilitating recovery and discharge in patients receiving orthopaedic and trauma surgery. We conducted a systematic review of randomised controlled trials investigating ischaemic preconditioning in patients undergoing trauma and orthopaedic surgery. We searched The Cochrane Library, Medline and Embase until January 2021. Where possible continuous data were pooled and meta-analysis performed. Ten RCTs met inclusion criteria, eight of which underwent meta-analysis. Three studies reported lower acute post-operative pain or morphine consumption in patients randomised to IPC. We found weak evidence for shorter length of stay in the intervention group (MD-0.54 days; 95%CI-1.11, 0.03; p=0.0615). Malondialdehyde levels were lower in patients randomised to IPC at two hours following tourniquet deflation (MD -1.39 nmol/ml; 95%CI-2.23, -0.55; p=0.0012). We found no between group differences in Tumour Necrosis Factor-α, Lactate or Interleukin-6. The mechanism behind IPC may be related to reduced lipid peroxidation rather than reduced inflammation. There is evidence IPC reduces post-operative pain following knee surgery that merits further study.
Meniscus tears and repair: assessing failure rates of all-inside and outside-in methods
Authors: Bliznikas Kęstutis , Lukoševičiūtė Gintarė , Dauderytė Barbora
Published: February 2024

Meniscal repair procedures are on the rise due to an enhanced understanding of the adverse long-term effects associated with the loss of meniscal tissue. Although meniscal repair has a higher reoperation rates compared to meniscectomy, recent systematic reviews indicate improved long-term outcomes with meniscal repair. Even though there are a lot of studies that compare the results of all-inside and inside-out techniques there are only few that evaluate all-inside and outside-in approaches. This study aims to review the relevant literature on the epidemiology, mechanism of injury, clinical presentation and imaging of meniscus and to compare the failure rates and time to failure of AI and OI meniscal repairs. PubMed and Scopus were searched for studies published between January 2014 and January 2024  reporting on meniscus repair outcomes using “outside-in” or “all-inside” techniques with a minimal duration of 6 months for follow-up. Failure was characterized as the recurrence of clinical symptoms or the need for a meniscal reintervention. Over 50 English-language articles were analyzed between 2000 and 2022. After conducting a review and data analysis, it is observed that the “all-inside” technique is more frequently chosen as a treatment method, possibly due to its simpler execution. Both total and percentage rates of failures are higher using this technique, amounting to 79 cases and reaching 16%, compared to “outside-in” approach, which is less commonly chosen, but has lower frequency of failures totaling 6 cases and 5%.
Transformaciones del ramo de los donativos en los virreinatos americanos entre los siglos XVI al XIX, con énfasis en el caso de Salta en el tránsito de intendencia virreinal a jurisdicción de las Provincias Unidas de Sudamérica
Authors: Justiniano María F. ,   Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina., Anachuri Marcelo Gabriel ,   Universidad Nacional de Salta, República Argentina
Published: February 2024

El donativo nace trifronte por cuanto reúne en su definición una dimensión económica, una política y una religiosa. Además, guarda consigo los valores de lealtad y fidelidad, primero al rey y luego al nuevo Estado. Este ramo de la Real Hacienda tiene una página americana. El presente artículo pretende mostrar la transformación de este ítem fiscal, desde los tiempos previos a la creación de las intendencias hasta la conformación de los primeros conatos de Estados independientes. El estudio de la Caja de Salta, a partir del análisis de los libros de la Real Hacienda, permite registrar sucesivos desacoplamientos que modifican sustancialmente aquella definición inicial.
Meibomian glands segmentation in infrared images with limited annotation
Authors:   College of Computer and Data Science, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian Province, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Networking Computing and Intelligent Information Processing, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian Province, China, Lin Jia-Wen , Lu Feng ,   College of Computer and Data Science, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian Province, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Networking Computing and Intelligent Information Processing, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian Province, China, Lai Tai-Chen ,   Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China, Zou Jing ,   Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China, Guo Lin-Ling ,   Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China, Lin Zhi-Ming ,   College of Computer and Data Science, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian Province, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Networking Computing and Intelligent Information Processing, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian Province, China, Li Li ,   Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
Published: February 2024

AIM: To investigate a pioneering framework for the segmentation of meibomian glands (MGs), using limited annotations to reduce the workload on ophthalmologists and enhance the efficiency of clinical diagnosis.
METHODS: Totally 203 infrared meibomian images from 138 patients with dry eye disease, accompanied by corresponding annotations, were gathered for the study. A rectified scribble-supervised gland segmentation (RSSGS) model, incorporating temporal ensemble prediction, uncertainty estimation, and a transformation equivariance constraint, was introduced to address constraints imposed by limited supervision information inherent in scribble annotations. The viability and efficacy of the proposed model were assessed based on accuracy, intersection over union (IoU), and dice coefficient.
RESULTS: Using manual labels as the gold standard, RSSGS demonstrated outcomes with an accuracy of 93.54%, a dice coefficient of 78.02%, and an IoU of 64.18%. Notably, these performance metrics exceed the current weakly supervised state-of-the-art methods by 0.76%, 2.06%, and 2.69%, respectively. Furthermore, despite achieving a substantial 80% reduction in annotation costs, it only lags behind fully annotated methods by 0.72%, 1.51%, and 2.04%.
CONCLUSION: An innovative automatic segmentation model is developed for MGs in infrared eyelid images, using scribble annotation for training. This model maintains an exceptionally high level of segmentation accuracy while substantially reducing training costs. It holds substantial utility for calculating clinical parameters, thereby greatly enhancing the diagnostic efficiency of ophthalmologists in evaluating meibomian gland dysfunction.
Artificial intelligence for the detection of glaucoma with SD-OCT images: a systematic review and Meta-analysis
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated People’s Hospital (Fujian Provincial People’s Hospital), Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350004, Fujian Province, China; Eye Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350004, Fujian Province, China, Shi Nan-Nan , Liu Guang-Hui ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated People’s Hospital (Fujian Provincial People’s Hospital), Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350004, Fujian Province, China; Eye Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350004, Fujian Province, China, Cao Ming-Fang ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated People’s Hospital (Fujian Provincial People’s Hospital), Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350004, Fujian Province, China; Eye Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350004, Fujian Province, China
Published: February 2024

AIM: To quantify the performance of artificial intelligence (AI) in detecting glaucoma with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images.
METHODS: Electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ScienceDirect, ProQuest and Cochrane Library were searched before May 31, 2023 which adopted AI for glaucoma detection with SD-OCT images. All pieces of the literature were screened and extracted by two investigators. Meta-analysis, Meta-regression, subgroup, and publication of bias were conducted by Stata16.0. The risk of bias assessment was performed in Revman5.4 using the QUADAS-2 tool.
RESULTS: Twenty studies and 51 models were selected for systematic review and Meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.91 (95%CI: 0.86–0.94, I2=94.67%), 0.90 (95%CI: 0.87–0.92, I2=89.24%). The pooled positive likelihood ratio (PLR) and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) were 8.79 (95%CI: 6.93–11.15, I2=89.31%) and 0.11 (95%CI: 0.07–0.16, I2=95.25%). The pooled diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and area under curve (AUC) were 83.58 (95%CI: 47.15–148.15, I2=100%) and 0.95 (95%CI: 0.93–0.97). There was no threshold effect (Spearman correlation coefficient=0.22, P>0.05).
CONCLUSION: There is a high accuracy for the detection of glaucoma with AI with SD-OCT images. The application of AI-based algorithms allows together with “doctor+artificial intelligence” to improve the diagnosis of glaucoma.