bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MRI background parenchymal enhancement, fibroglandular tissue, and mammographic breast density in patients with invasive lobular breast cancer on adjuvant endocrine hormonal treatment: associations with survival
Authors: Lo Gullo Roberto , Daimiel Isaac , Rossi Saccarelli Carolina , Bitencourt Almir , Sevilimedu Varadan , Martinez Danny F. , Jochelson Maxine S. , Morris Elizabeth A. , Reiner Jeffrey S. , Pinker Katja
Published: August 2020

Background

To investigate if baseline and/or changes in contralateral background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) and fibroglandular tissue (FGT) measured on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and mammographic breast density (MD) can be used as imaging biomarkers for overall and recurrence-free survival in patients with invasive lobular carcinomas (ILCs) undergoing adjuvant endocrine treatment.

Methods

Women who fulfilled the following inclusion criteria were included in this retrospective HIPAA-compliant IRB-approved study: unilateral ILC, pre-treatment breast MRI and/or mammography from 2000 to 2010, adjuvant endocrine treatment, follow-up MRI, and/or mammography 1–2 years after treatment onset. BPE, FGT, and mammographic MD of the contralateral breast were independently graded by four dedicated breast radiologists according to BI-RADS. Associations between the baseline levels and change in levels of BPE, FGT, and MD with overall survival and recurrence-free survival were assessed using Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox regression analysis.

Results

Two hundred ninety-eight patients (average age = 54.1 years, range = 31–79) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The average follow-up duration was 11.8 years (range = 2–19). Baseline and change in levels of BPE, FGT, and MD were not significantly associated with recurrence-free or overall survival. Recurrence-free and overall survival were affected by histological subtype (p < 0.0001), number of metastatic axillary lymph nodes (p < 0.0001), age (p = 0.01), and adjuvant endocrine treatment duration (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Qualitative evaluation of BPE, FGT, and mammographic MD changes cannot predict which patients are more likely to benefit from adjuvant endocrine treatment.
Exploring the prospective of weeds (Cannabis sativa L., Parthenium hysterophorus L.) for biofuel production through nanocatalytic (Co, Ni) gasification
Authors: Tahir Nadeem , Tahir Muhammad Naveed , Alam Mujeeb , Yi Wang , Zhang Quangou
Published: August 2020

Background

While keeping in view various aspects of energy demand, quest for the renewable energy sources is utmost. Biomass has shown great potential as green energy source with supply of approximately 14% of world total energy demand, and great source of carbon capture. It is abundant in various forms including agricultural, forestry residues, and unwanted plants (weeds). The rapid growth of weeds not only affects the yield of the crop, but also has strong consequences on the environment. These weeds can grow with minimum nutrient input requirements, have strong ability to grow at various soil and climate environments with high value of cellulose, thus can be valuable source of energy production.

Results

Parthenium hysterophorusL. andCannabis sativaL. have been employed for the production of biofuels (biogas, biodiesel and biochar) through nano-catalytic gasification by employing Co and Ni as nanocatalysts. Nanocatalysts were synthesized through well-established sol–gel method. SEM study confirms the spherical morphology of the nanocatalysts with size distribution of 20–50 nm. XRD measurements reveal that fabricated nanocatalysts have pure standard crystal structure without impurity. During gasification ofCannabis sativaL., we have extracted the 53.33% of oil, 34.66% of biochar and 12% gas whereas in the case ofParthenium hysterophorusL. 44% oil, 38.36% biochar and 17.66% of gas was measured. Electrical conductivity in biochar ofCannabis sativaL. andParthenium hysterophorusL. was observed 0.4 dSm−1 and 0.39 dSm−1, respectively.

Conclusion

Present study presents the conversion of unwanted plantsParthenium hysterophorusL. andCannabis sativaL. weeds to biofuels. Nanocatalysts help to enhance the conversion of biomass to biofuel due to large surface reactivity. Our findings suggest potential utilization of unwanted plants for biofuel production, which can help to share the burden of energy demand. Biochar produced during gasification can replace chemical fertilizers for soil remediation and to enhance the crop productivity.
Determinants of Plasmodium falciparum multiplicity of infection and genetic diversity in Burkina Faso
Authors: Sondo Paul , Derra Karim , Rouamba Toussaint , Nakanabo Diallo Seydou , Taconet Paul , Kazienga Adama , Ilboudo Hamidou , Tahita Marc Christian , Valéa Innocent , Sorgho Hermann , Lefèvre Thierry , Tinto Halidou
Published: August 2020

Background

Investigating malaria transmission dynamics is essential to inform policy decision making. Whether multiplicity of infection (MOI) dynamic from individual infections could be a reliable malaria metric in high transmission settings with marked variation in seasons of malaria transmission has been poorly assessed. This study aimed at investigating factors driving Plasmodium falciparum MOI and genetic diversity in a hyperendemic area of Burkina Faso.

Methods

Blood samples collected from a pharmacovigilance trial were used for polymerase chain reaction genotyping of the merozoite surface proteins 1 and 2. MOI was defined as the number of distinct parasite genotypes co-existing within a particular infection. Monthly rainfall data were obtained from satellite data of the Global Precipitation Measurement Database while monthly malaria incidence aggregated data were extracted from District Health Information Software 2 medical data of the Center-West health regional direction.

Results

In the study area, infected people harboured an average of 2.732 (± 0.056) different parasite genotypes. A significant correlation between the monthly MOI and the monthly malaria incidence was observed, suggesting that MOI could be a good predictor of transmission intensity. A strong effect of season on MOI was observed, with infected patients harbouring higher number of parasite genotypes during the rainy season as compared to the dry season. There was a negative relationship between MOI and host age. In addition, MOI decreased with increasing parasite densities, suggesting that there was a within-host competition among co-infecting genetically distinct P. falciparum variants. Each allelic family of the msp1 and msp2 genes was present all year round with no significant monthly fluctuation.

Conclusions

In high malaria endemic settings with marked variation in seasons of malaria transmission, MOI represents an appropriate malaria metric which provides useful information about the longitudinal changes in malaria transmission in a given area. Besides transmission season, patient age and parasite density are important factors to consider for better understanding of variations in MOI. All allelic families of msp1 and msp2 genes were found in both dry and rainy season. The approach offers the opportunity of translating genotyping data into relevant epidemiological information for malaria control.
The 2019 Ming K. Jeang awards for excellence in Cell & Bioscience
Authors: Lau Yun-Fai Chris
Published: August 2020

Two articles published by the research groups led by You-Shuo Liu of the Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, and Min Fang of the Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China have been selected as the recipients of the 2019 Ming K. Jeang Award for Excellence in Cell & Bioscience.
Opioids and alpha-2-agonists for analgesia and sedation in newborn infants: protocol of a systematic review
Authors: Kinoshita Mari , Stempel Katarzyna , do Nascimento Israel Junior Borges , Vejayaram Dhashini Naidu , Norman Elisabeth , Bruschettini Matteo
Published: August 2020

Background

Hospitalized newborn infants may require analgesia and sedation either for the management of procedural pain, during or after surgery, and other painful conditions. The benefits and harms of opioids administered at different doses and routes of administration have been reported in numerous trials and systematic reviews. The use of alpha-2-agonists such as clonidine and dexmedetomidine in newborn infants is more recent, and they might be prescribed to reduce the total amount of opioids which are thought to have more side effects. Moreover, alpha-2-agonists might play an important role in the management of agitation and discomfort.

Methods

We will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the use of opioids, alpha-2-agonists, or the combination of both drugs. We will include randomized controlled trials to assess benefits and harms and observational studies to assess adverse events and pharmacokinetics; preterm and term infants; studies on any opioids or alpha-2-agonists administered for any indication and by any route except spinal, intraosseous, or administration for nerve blocks and wound infusions. The use of opioids or alpha-2-agonists will be compared to no intervention; placebo with normal saline or other non-sedative, non-analgesic drug; control with oral sugar solution or non-pharmacological intervention; same drug of different dose or route; or a different drug (not limiting to opioids and alpha-2-agonists) or combinations of such drugs. The primary outcomes for this review will be all-cause mortality during initial hospitalization and hypotension requiring medical therapy. We will conduct a search in the following databases: The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, The Cochrane Library), MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL. Two review authors will independently screen records for inclusion, undertake data abstraction using a data extraction form and assess the risk of bias of all included trials using the Cochrane “Risk of bias” tool.

Discussion

This systematic review will summarize and update our knowledge about neonatal analgesia and sedation including pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, and provide a platform for developing evidence-based guidelines that we can immediately apply to our clinical practice.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020170852
Genetic determinants of cannabis use: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Hillmer Alannah , Chawar Caroul , Sanger Stephanie , D’Elia Alessia , Butt Mehreen , Kapoor Raveena , Kapczinski Flavio , Pare Guillaume , Thabane Lehana , Samaan Zainab
Published: August 2020

Background

With the legalization of cannabis in Canada, there is an increase trend in use. Cannabis has been known to have several health implications, one of which is the development of cannabis use disorder (CUD). CUD is more common in males than females, as well as in certain ethnic groups such as Native Americans. Additionally, both environmental and genetic risk factors have been found for cannabis use. The objective of this systematic review will be to summarize the genetic variants associated with cannabis use which have reached borderline genome-wide significance.

Methods

This systematic review will incorporate articles that have performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) investigating cannabis use. MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, GWAS Catalog, GWAS Central, and NIH Database of Genotype and Phenotype will be searched using a comprehensive search strategy. The quality of genetic association studies (Q-Genie) tool will be utilized to assess the quality of the included studies. All screening and data extraction will occur independently by two authors. If feasible, a random-effects meta-analysis will be conducted on pooled odds ratios of single nucleotide polymorphisms reaching borderline genome-wide significance.

Discussion

This systematic review will synthesize available GWAS on cannabis use. Results from this review will inform and direct further investigation of genetic variants associated with cannabis use.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD42020176016
Association between pregnancy intention and late initiation of antenatal care among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tolossa Tadesse , Turi Ebisa , Fetensa Getahun , Fekadu Ginenus , Kebede Fassikaw
Published: August 2020

Background

Antenatal care is one of the continua of reproductive health care, and inadequate antenatal care utilization results in an adverse feto-maternal outcome. Pregnancy intention is an essential factor that plays a paramount role on timing of antenatal care service. The finding of a few studies conducted on the association between pregnancy intention and late initiation of ANC among pregnant women in Ethiopia presented inconclusive. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the pooled estimate of the association between pregnancy intention and late initiation of ANC among pregnant women in Ethiopia.

Methods

Both published and unpublished studies were accessed through electronic search from databases such as MEDLINE, Scopes, PubMed, CINAHL, PopLine, MedNar, Cochrane library, the JBI Library, the Web of Science, and Google Scholar. All observational studies that were conducted on the association between pregnancy intention and late initiation of ANC among pregnant women in Ethiopia were included. STATA 14.1 version was used for data analysis. A random effects model was used to estimate the pooled estimate with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The CochraneQtest statistic andI2tests were used to assess heterogeneity. Presence of publication bias was checked by funnel plots and Egger’s statistical tests.

Results

A total of 670 published and unpublished studies were identified from several databases and fourteen studies fulfilled inclusion criteria and included in the meta-analysis. The overall pooled estimate indicates the odds of late initiation of antenatal care were 2.16 times higher among pregnant women who had unintended pregnancy as compared to pregnant women who had intended pregnancy (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.62, 2.88).

Conclusion

The systematic review and meta-analysis found a statistically significant effect of pregnancy intention on late initiation of antenatal care among pregnant women in Ethiopia. Increased effort should be made to improve women’s behavior towards contraceptive use through health education and counseling, especially those with unintended pregnancies. Furthermore, health education, counseling, and communication campaigns related to the timing of ANC and frequency should be promoted nationally.
The gut microbiota regulates autism-like behavior by mediating vitamin B6 homeostasis in EphB6-deficient mice
Authors: Li Ying , Luo Zheng-Yi , Hu Yu-Ying , Bi Yue-Wei , Yang Jian-Ming , Zou Wen-Jun , Song Yun-Long , Li Shi , Shen Tong , Li Shu-Ji , Huang Lang , Zhou Ai-Jun , Gao Tian-Ming , Li Jian-Ming
Published: August 2020

Background

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder, and the effective pharmacological treatments for the core autistic symptoms are currently limited. Increasing evidence, particularly that from clinical studies on ASD patients, suggests a functional link between the gut microbiota and the development of ASD. However, the mechanisms linking the gut microbiota with brain dysfunctions (gut-brain axis) in ASD have not yet been full elucidated. Due to its genetic mutations and downregulated expression in patients with ASD, EPHB6, which also plays important roles in gut homeostasis, is generally considered a candidate gene for ASD. Nonetheless, the role and mechanism of EPHB6 in regulating the gut microbiota and the development of ASD are unclear.

Results

Here, we found that the deletion of EphB6 induced autism-like behavior and disturbed the gut microbiota in mice. More importantly, transplantation of the fecal microbiota from EphB6-deficient mice resulted in autism-like behavior in antibiotic-treated C57BL/6J mice, and transplantation of the fecal microbiota from wild-type mice ameliorated the autism-like behavior in EphB6-deficient mice. At the metabolic level, the disturbed gut microbiota in EphB6-deficient mice led to vitamin B6 and dopamine defects. At the cellular level, the excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance in the medial prefrontal cortex was regulated by gut microbiota-mediated vitamin B6 in EphB6-deficient mice.

Conclusions

Our study uncovers a key role for the gut microbiota in the regulation of autism-like social behavior by vitamin B6, dopamine, and the E/I balance in EphB6-deficient mice, and these findings suggest new strategies for understanding and treating ASD.
Dolphinfish movements in the Eastern Pacific Ocean of Mexico using conventional and electronic tags
Authors: Perle Christopher R. , Snyder Stephanie , Merten Wessley , Simmons Melinda , Dacey Justina , Rodriguez-Sanchez Ruben , O’Sullivan John , Ortega-Garcia Sofia
Published: August 2020

Background

The dolphinfish, Coryphaena hippurus, is a fast-swimming, predatory fish exhibiting relatively fast growth and early maturation among marine teleosts. It is an important, potentially renewable resource throughout its global subtropical-to-tropical range. Understanding the ecology of this wide-ranging fish is critical to proper fisheries management, but studies have historically depended heavily upon aggregated catch data reported by fisheries. This study uses tagging data to explore finer scale dolphinfish movements in two subregions of the Eastern Pacific Ocean (EPO)—the west coasts of Baja California Peninsula (WBC) and Oaxaca (OAX), Mexico.

Results

Adult dolphinfish (fork length 66–129 cm) were tagged with conventional (n = 132 tags) and electronic tags (n = 30 tags, miniPAT) between 2010 and 2014. Recapture rate of conventional tags was 4.5% with a maximum days of liberty of 141 days (mean = 56 d); 20 electronic tags reported but all did so prior to programmed release dates, with days at liberty ranging from 4 to 62 (mean = 24 d). Fish remained within the region they were tagged except for six fish tagged in WBC and one in OAX. Latitudinal (WBC) and longitudinal (OAX) extensions of observed fish movements (determined via a novel analytical approach) increased with days at liberty. Despite occasional deep dives (max 262 m), fish remained surface oriented with short excursions below the isothermal layer but larger OAX fish (fork length [103 cm, 120 cm]) inhabiting warmer waters (sea surface temperatures (SST) > ~ 26 °C) spent more time below the isothermal layer than smaller fish (fork length [90 cm, 112 cm]) inhabiting colder WBC surface waters (SST > ~ 22 °C).

Conclusions

This study reveals movements of dolphinfish that infer regional differences in thermal habitat utilization and displacement over time. This inference evokes questions important to fisheries management regarding the three-dimensional extent of the dolphinfish’s realized thermal niche, its population structure, and the spatiotemporal connectivity of its habitats within the multinational EPO. With improved tag retention, longer deployments should capture increasing displacements along observed axes (N/S vs. E/W); the orientation of seasonal displacement axes suggest longer-distance movements would provide opportunities for reproductive mixing via trans-national migrations.
Rippled scales in a geothermal facility in the Bavarian Molasse Basin: a key to understand the calcite scaling process
Authors: Köhl Bernhard , Grundy James , Baumann Thomas
Published: August 2020

Mineral precipitates, scales, are wide-spread in geothermal facilities and hamper technical and economic efficiency. Scales reported from earlier studies in the Bavarian Molasse Basin consisted mostly of calcite, appeared rather homogeneous, grew flat and perpendicular to the surface, and showed little or no internal macrostructure apart from small gradients in crystal size and chemical composition. In this study, we investigated extraordinary calcite scales collected from the inlet chamber of a heat exchanger. These scales showed current ripples and a sequence of coarse and dense layers. By an extensive investigation of the ripples, the hydrochemistry, and by the application of existing empirical equations, the formation of the ripple scales could be reconstructed: Due to degassing of$${\text {CO}}_{2}$$CO2in the geothermal pump calcite scales precipitated on the pipes of the ground-level facilities. During maintenance works, these scales were partially dissolved, and remobilized as individual mobile grains. These particles subsequently settled again, and solidified as ripple scales in the horizontal pipes at surface level. For this ripple forming process, flow had to be small, because otherwise the ripples would have been altered or washed away. After deposition of the ripple structure, a dense new calcite layer precipitated on top of the ripples, and stabilized it due to transitory supersaturation. This sequence of ripples and a dense calcite cover layer is repeated two times. Finally, during start-up of regular plant operation, the whole composite scale was remobilized and got washed into the inlet chamber of a heat exchanger. The investigation presented here indicates that this type of calcite scale only forms in geothermal facilities in the Bavarian Molasse Basin if certain flow and hydrochemical conditions are present during the maintenance procedure.
Finding counterfeited banknotes: the roles of vision and touch
Authors: van der Horst Frank , Snell Joshua , Theeuwes Jan
Published: August 2020

Central banks incorporate various security features in their banknotes to enable themselves, the general public, retailers and professional cash handlers to detect counterfeits. In two field experiments, we tested central bank counterfeit experts and non-experts (the general public) in their ability to detect counterfeited euro banknotes. We varied exposure duration and perceptual modality (sight, touch or both). The counterfeit banknotes were actual counterfeits taken out of circulation. Experiment 1, in which participants only viewed the banknotes, showed that experts did reasonably well in detecting counterfeits even when exposure duration was limited to 500 ms. Non-experts did not reach the criterion for decent performance, marked by d’ = 1.25, although they did perform above chance. In Experiment 2, participants could both see and touch the banknotes, which resulted in better performance especially with longer exposure durations. The main finding of the current study is that visual information mostly impacts the decision-making process during the first glance, whereas tactile information increasingly aids performance as it continues to be accrued over time. Implications for the design of security features of new banknotes are discussed.
Vitamin D serum level in major depressive disorder and schizophrenia
Authors: Okasha Tarek A. , Sabry Walaa M. , Hashim Mostafa A. , Abdeen Mai S. , Abdelhamid Abdelhamid M.
Published: August 2020

Background

Vitamin D is involved in many brain processes including neurological immune process, regulation of neurological factors, and neuroplasticity. Some studies have linked low serum vitamin D to major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia, while others have not shown any relationship. The study aimed to assess vitamin D level in patients with depression and those with schizophrenia. Sixty participants were recruited from outpatient clinics of the Institute of Psychiatry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. The sample was divided into three groups: group A, 20 patients with MDD; group B, 20 patients with schizophrenia, and group C, 20 healthy control subjects. Ain Shams Psychiatry Clinical Interview was used to gather demographic data, and Structured Clinical interview (SCID-I) and laboratory vitamin D serum levels (ELISA) were applied to subjects.

Results

Eighty-five percent of patients with MDD and 80% of patients with schizophrenia had below normal vitamin D serum level. Compared to controls, vitamin D serum concentration in patients with MDD was statistically significantly lower than controls, while schizophrenia had vitamin D level lower than did control group but higher level than patients with MDD. However, vitamin D level failed to differentiate between patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and those with MDD.

Conclusions

Patients with MDD and those with schizophrenia demonstrated lower vitamin D level compared with health controls. There was no statistically significant difference in vitamin D level between patients with MDD and those with schizophrenia.
Temporalities and the conservation of cultural relic protection units: legislative, economic and citizen times of the Bugaoli community in globalising Shanghai
Authors: Zhu Kaiyi , Hein Carola M.
Published: August 2020

Since the establishment of treaty ports in the mid-19th century, the urban development of many Chinese cities, and notably of Shanghai, has been heavily influenced by global economic flows and global urban and architectural practices. In Shanghai, extensive lilong neighbourhoods stand as remnants of the treaty port era. Many of these historic districts are in close proximity to rapidly transforming areas of the city, creating civic tension around demolition, conservation and the redevelopment of colonial heritage. Examining the listed Bugaoli community in Shanghai’s old French Concession, the heritage strategies applied under the particular Cultural Relics Protection System (CRPS), and the discourse of local residents interviewed in the context of this project, this paper reveals the paradoxes around urban heritage conservation and urban development by considering three different temporalities: legislative time, economic time and citizen time. The paper argues that actors involved in heritage practices should consider both space and time related issues in urban heritage conservation. Historic communities such as Bugaoli experience conflicts between conservation and the demands of everyday life. They underline and require a heritage strategy that acknowledges diverse temporalities and balances legal norms, economic interests and the public’s demands.
Donor-Acceptor Triads Composed of Tetrathiafulvalene and Benzoquinone Fused by Benzene-Spacers: Application to the Positive Electrode Materials for Use in Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Yamauchi Tomokazu , Hirabayashi Wataru , Yoshimura Aya , Yao Masaru , Misaki Yohji
Published: August 2020

Donor-acceptor triads composed of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and benzoquinone (BQ) fused by a benzene-spacer (3, 4) were successfully synthesized. In the cyclic voltammetry, the bis[(2-ethyl)hexylthio]-4 (4e) exhibited five-pairs of one-electron transfer waves corresponding to the formation of both reduction and oxidation states from −1 to +4. The 3/Li cell exhibited high discharge energy density exceeding 700 mWh g−1.
Design of Porous Coordination Materials with Dynamic Properties
Authors: Hosono Nobuhiko
Published: August 2020

Incorporating soft and dynamic elements into crystalline porous materials with hard and static structures can be of immense utility. To this end, herein, the design of functional porous materials and their dynamic properties are described. Dynamic molecular elements were incorporated in porous coordination polymers (PCPs)/metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to realize responsive and high-performance porous systems. The dynamic nature of the PCPs/MOFs was directly visualized in real-time via atomic-force microscopy. Additionally, by combining the concepts of soft matter dynamics and porous material chemistry, a new class of porous materials, possessing both fluidity and porosity, could be fabricated. By focusing on the dynamic properties of materials, functional nanoporous systems could be designed, leading to the development of next-generation porous materials.
Αποδομώντας και αναδομώντας τις πεποιθήσεις των υποψηφίων εκπαιδευτικών: Ένα πρόγραμμα παρέμβασης στο πλαίσιο της πρακτικής άσκησης
Authors: Αυγητίδου Σοφία , Σιδηροπούλου Χρηστίνα
Published: August 2020

Έρευνες έχουν δείξει ότι οι πεποιθήσεις των υποψηφίων εκπαιδευτικών επηρεάζουν τον τρόπο κατανόησης των επιστημονικών θεωριών και τις εκπαιδευτικές πρακτικές τους κατά τη διάρκεια της αρχικής τους εκπαίδευσης. Στην παρούσα ποιοτική έρευνα εξετάζεται η νοηματοδότηση της έννοιας της επιτυχημένης δραστηριότητας στο νηπιαγωγείο, καθώς και του ρόλου της νηπιαγωγού και του ρόλου των παιδιών στην εκπαιδευτική διαδικασία, από 31 υποψηφίους εκπαιδευτικούς πριν και μετά από μία παρέμβαση που πραγματοποιήθηκε στο πλαίσιο της πρακτικής τους άσκησης. Η συλλογή δεδομένων έγινε μέσω ανοιχτών ερωτηματολογίων στην αρχή και στο τέλος της παρέμβασης. Υιοθετήθηκε το θεωρητικό πλαίσιο της εννοιολογικής αλλαγής για να διερευνηθεί τόσο το περιεχόμενο όσο και η δομή των πεποιθήσεων των υποψηφίων εκπαιδευτικών πριν και μετά την παρέμβαση. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι οι πεποιθήσεις των υποψήφιων εκπαιδευτικών μετατοπίστηκαν διαφοροποιημένα μετά την παρέμβαση ως προς την αναθεώρηση του συνόλου ή μέρους των αρχικών τους πεποιθήσεων και ως προς τη συνέπεια της μετατόπισης της εκπαιδευτικής τους θεωρίας. Σχεδόν οι μισοί φοιτητές/τριες σημείωσαν μετατοπίσεις είτε εμπλουτίζοντας τις αρχικές εκπαιδευτικές τους πεποιθήσεις με σύγχρονες εκπαιδευτικές αρχές είτε τροποποιώντας μέρος των αρχικών τους πεποιθήσεων, με αποτέλεσμα να κυριαρχούν μικτά νοητικά μοντέλα χωρίς εσωτερική συνέπεια. Μικρότερος αριθμός φοιτητών/τριών μετατόπισε σημαντικά και με συνέπεια τις πεποιθήσεις του από ένα μικτό τεχνοκρατικό-δασκαλοκεντρικό ή από ένα μικτό τεχνοκρατικό-παιδοκεντρικό μοντέλο σε ένα ερευνητικό-αναστοχαστικό μοντέλο. Tέλος, ο ίδιος περίπου μικρός αριθμός φοιτητών/τριών δεν εμφάνισε καμία ουσιαστική μετατόπιση των αρχικών του πεποιθήσεων. Τα αποτελέσματα αυτά συζητιούνται σε σχέση με τις διαδικασίες εκπαίδευσης των μελλοντικών εκπαιδευτικών.
Seismoving App: Development of an early warning system for earthquakes
Authors: Kontopoulos A.
Published: August 2020

This work presents the development of an early warning system for earthquakes using the school seismograph network created by the Geodynamic Institute of the National Observatory of Athens. This work was conducted under the scientific oversee of Dr. Gerasimos Chouliaras, Research Director of the Geodynamic Institute of the National Observatory of Athens and the educational supervision of Prof. Dr. Norbert Frank, Professor in Physics and Earth Sciences at Heidelberg University.
Μαθαίνοντας διασκεδαστικά συνδυάζοντας Φυσική και Φυσική Αγωγή
Authors: Ζερβάκη Ε. , Eλευθερίου Μ.
Published: August 2020

Σε αυτήν την εργασία παρουσιάζουμε πώς μπορούμε να κατανοήσουμε καλύτερα έννοιες της Φυσικής οι οποίες συναντώνται στον αθλητισμό και στη Φυσική Αγωγή. Τα μαθήματα πραγματοποιήθηκαν  κατά τη διάρκεια της Α Γυμνασίου και κατά τη διάρκεια της επόμενης χρονιάς, στη Β Γυμνασίου στο Πρότυπο Πειραματικό Γυμνάσιο Ηρακλείου. Την πρώτη χρονιά κάναμε  σωματομετρήσεις και μετρήσεις αθλητικών ικανοτήτων, ενώ στη Β Γυμνασίου κάναμε μετρήσεις χρόνου ώστε να βρούμε την ταχύτητά μας. Η ανάλυση των μετρήσεών μας έγινε με τη βοήθεια προγράμματος Πληροφορικής ενώ η επεξήγησή τους έγινε με τη βοήθεια του μαθήματος της Φυσικής αλλά και της Βιολογίας. Οι διδασκαλίες αυτές ήταν διαθεματικές, βιωματικές και ταυτόχρονα διασκεδαστικές.
Spatial mapping of single cells in the Drosophila embryo from transcriptomic data based on topological consistency
Authors: Zand Maryam , Ruan Jianhua
Published: August 2020

The advancement in single-cell RNA sequencing technologies allow us to obtain transcriptome at single cell resolution. However, the original spatial context of cells, a crucial knowledge for understanding cellular and tissue-level functions, is often lost during sequencing. To address this issue, the DREAM Single Cell Transcriptomics Challenge launched a community-wide effort to seek computational solutions for spatial mapping of single cells in tissues using single-cell RNAseq (scRNA-seq) data and a reference atlas obtained from in situ hybridization data. As a top-performing team in this competition, we approach this problem in three steps. The first step involves identifying a set of most informative genes based on the consistency between gene expression similarity and cell proximity. For this step, we propose two different approaches, i.e., an unsupervised approach that does not utilize the gold standard location of the cells provided by the challenge organizers, and a supervised approach that relies on the gold standard locations. In the second step, a Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm is used to optimize the weights of different genes in order to maximize matches between the predicted locations and the gold standard locations. Finally, the information embedded in the cell topology is used to improve the predicted cell-location scores by weighted averaging of scores from neighboring locations. Evaluation results based on DREAM scores show that our method accurately predicts the location of single cells, and the predictions lead to successful recovery of the spatial expression patterns for most of landmark genes. In addition, investigating the selected genes demonstrates that most predictive genes are cluster specific, and stable across our supervised and unsupervised gene selection frameworks. Overall, the promising results obtained by our methods in DREAM challenge demonstrated that topological consistency is a useful concept in identifying marker genes and constructing predictive models for spatial mapping of single cells.
Performance monitoring and accountability: The Agile Project’s protocol, record and experience
Authors: Tsui Amy , Anglewicz Philip , Akinlose Titilope , Srivatsan Varsha , Akilimali Pierre , Alzouma Souleymane , Bazie Fiacre , Gichangi Peter , Guiella Georges , Kayembe Patrick , Mehrotra Anupam , OlaOlorun Funmilola , Omoluabi Elizabeth , Oumarou Sani , Sodani P. R. , Thiongo Mary , Byrne Meagan , Dreger Kurt , Decker Michele , Cardona Carolina , Muhoza Pierre , Combs Carolyn , Koffi Alain K. , Radloff Scott
Published: August 2020

The Performance Monitoring and Accountability 2020 (PMA2020) project implemented a multi-country sub-project called PMA Agile, a system of continuous data collection for a probability sample of urban public and private health facilities and their clients that began November 2017 and concluded December 2019.  The objective was to monitor the supply, quality and consumption of family planning services.  In total, across 14 urban settings, nearly 2300 health facilities were surveyed three to six times in two years and a total sample of 48,610 female and male clients of childbearing age were interviewed in Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, India, Kenya, Niger and Nigeria.  Consenting female clients with access to a cellphone were re-interviewed by telephone after four months; two rounds of the client exit, and follow-up interviews were conducted in nearly all settings.  This paper reports on the PMA Agile data system protocols, coverage and early experiences.  An online dashboard is publicly accessible, analyses of measured trends are underway, and the data are publicly available.
Pharmaceutical industry, academia and people with experience of mental illness as partners in research: a need for ethical guidance
Authors: Lignou Sapfo , Singh Ilina
Published: August 2020

Background: Several social and policy developments have led to research partnerships in mental health research, which depart from traditional research models. One form of such partnerships is among research institutions, industry (pharmaceutical and biotech) and people with lived experience of mental illness (RIPs). There are several benefits but also ethical challenges in RIPs. An ethics-based approach to anticipating and addressing such ethical issues in mental health research is lacking. Given the expansion of RIPs in treatment development for mental health illness, guidance to support ethical and trustworthy collaborative mental health research projects is essential.

Methods: To develop a moral framework for evaluating the ethics of RIPs, we systematically searched PubMed for peer-reviewed literature discussing good practices in research partnerships. Searches were also conducted in websites of known organizations supporting patient engagement with industry in mental health research and in the references of short-listed articles. Following application of exclusion criteria, remaining articles were critically examined and summarised to synthesise principles for ethically acceptable RIPs and inform clear guidance and practices.

Results: Critical analysis and synthesis of the short-listed articles highlighted the need for two sets of principles to guide ethical RIPs: principles for (a) RIPs as a trustworthy enterprise (e.g. public accountability, transparency) and (b) fair RIPs (e.g. effective governance, respect). We discuss the application of these principles in problem-solving strategies that can support best practice in establishing fair and successful mental health research partnerships among research institutions, industry and people with lived experience of mental illness.

Conclusions: Ethical guidance is needed to prevent and address challenges in RIPs and to promote the scientific and social benefits of these new research partnership models in mental health research. We show how the proposed moral framework can guide research partners in designing, sustaining and assessing ethical and trustworthy collaborative mental health research projects.
Diário de Campo e a Relação do(a) Pesquisador(a) com o Campo-Tema na Pesquisa-Intervenção
Authors: Kroef Renata Fischer da Silveira , Gavillon Póti Quartiero , Ramm Laís Vargas
Published: August 2020

O presente trabalho aborda a relação do(a) pesquisador(a) com o campo-tema, desfazendo a sobreposição entre campo e espaço geográfico, para refletir sobre o papel do uso de diários de campo na pesquisa-intervenção. A partir da abordagem enativa da cognição, tomamos a noção de afeto como elemento modulador da atenção do(a) pesquisador(a), que se relaciona com a problemática da pesquisa, produzindo registros de aspectos do cotidiano e de suas implicações no diário, que passam a ser percebidos como parte do campo-tema da pesquisa. Tomamos como objeto de análise diários de campo escritos por pesquisadores(as) em uma pesquisa que buscava acompanhar processos de aprendizagem com um jogo digital de localização. Concluímos que o uso do diário de campo acompanha e participa da produção da atenção do(a) pesquisador(a) na sua inserção no campo-tema, de modo que as memórias, hábitos e a inserção do(a) pesquisador(a) nos contextos cotidianos também compõem a pesquisa, tomada como um fazer político que intervém na realidade.
Observação Materna: Primeiros Sinais do Transtorno do Espectro Autista Maternal
Authors: Homercher Bibiana Massem , Peres Laís Smeha , Arruda Liziane Falleiro dos Santos , Smeha Luciane Najar
Published: August 2020

Os indicadores de risco para o desenvolvimento psíquico da criança podem ser identificados nos primeiros meses de vida do bebê. Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo apresentar e discutir os primeiros sinais, observados por mães de bebês que, posteriormente, na fase da infância, foram diagnosticados com Transtorno do Espectro Autista. O delineamento foi quali-quantitativo. Participaram 27 mães de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada e passaram por uma análise de conteúdo. Posteriormente, os sinais referidos no relato das mães foram listados, reagrupados por áreas e submetidos à estatística descritiva. Constatou-se que os sinais mais observados correspondiam à área da linguagem e do comportamento. Na época da observação, as mães não relacionaram as alterações identificadas com a possibilidade de um diagnóstico de Autismo. Elas também, inicialmente, não foram alertadas por profissionais da saúde em relação aos indicadores já apresentados pelos bebês e, consequentemente, a maioria das participantes recebeu o diagnóstico após os 36 meses da criança. Sugere-se que o os profissionais da saúde participem de capacitações sobre os sinais de risco para o desenvolvimento psíquico infantil, com vistas a uma atuação de qualidade, respaldada pelo crescente aporte teórico sobre o tema.
EXPEDIENTE - v20n2
Authors: Leme Vanessa Barbosa Romera
Published: August 2020

EXPEDIENTE - v20n2
Contornos da prosa modernista em The Waves
Authors: Marouvo Fagundes Patricia
Published: August 2020

Este artigo busca investigar a maneira como a forma do romance The Waves (1931), de Virginia Woolf, se instaura como expressão de sua prosa modernista, política e feminista.  As diferentes vozes das seis personagens principais são atravessadas pelo tempo, da infância à velhice, e entre elas são inseridos interlúdios que, reunidos, apresentam o decorrer de um dia, instâncias paralelas que se interpenetram na complementaridade entre ser humano e natureza de que faz parte. A enorme importância que a autora sempre deu para a forma de seus textos é inegável, em especial ao explorá-la ao máximo, a ponto de esgarçar as fronteiras entre os gêneros literários e não-literários. Por meio de um apanhado de seus ensaios e passagens de seus diários, além da contribuição de textos seminais da crítica woolfiana, propõe-se que uma forma significante se avulta à maneira de recorte e colagem de cores e brilhos, luzes e sombras que encerrem a multiplicidade una que o todo de um mosaico compõe.
“vago, longínquo, mas pontual como sempre”: um breve olhar sobre a ensaística joyciana
Authors: Cruz Tarso Do Amaral de Souza
Published: August 2020

O presente artigo visa a apresentar de forma sucinta algumas das principais características da produção ensaística do autor irlandês James Joyce. Muito celebrado por sua produção ficcional, Joyce apresenta, em seus ensaios, uma faceta menos conhecida de sua obra, principalmente no Brasil. A publicação, em 2012, do volume De santos e sábios mudou consideravelmente esse panorama. Trata-se da tradução para o português de 57 textos não-ficcionais escritos por Joyce realizada por um grupo de estudiosos brasileiros da obra joyciana. Quatro ensaios presentes na coletânea são abordados neste artigo com dois propósitos que se complementam. Primeiramente, espera-se demonstrar que existe de fato uma relação intrínseca entre temas, noções e ideias que são tratados nessa parcela da produção de Joyce e o ‘projeto’ da obra joyciana como um todo, como defende Caetano Galindo. Para tanto, demonstram-se vinculações existentes entre os ensaios de Joyce e suas produções ficcional e epistolar. Por outro lado, os quatro ensaios serão também abordados para ilustrar os três principais aspectos da ensaística joyciana elencados por Kevin Barry: a política do jornalismo de Joyce; a estratégica teoria da arte de Joyce; e a análise de Joyce da história cultural irlandesa.
O PERFIL NECESSÁRIO AO PROFESSOR FRENTE À INFLUÊNCIA DA CIBERCULTURA NO CONTEXTO EDUCACIONAL
Authors: Nora Klein da Silva Rejuany
Published: August 2020

Vivemos numa sociedade em rede na qual as informações são difundidas rapidamente por meio das relações entre pessoas e tecnologias digitais. Tais relações provocam potenciais mudanças em todas as esferas da sociedade, visto que com as tecnologias digitais surge uma nova formação cultural. Isto porque cada novo meio de comunicação traz consigo um ciclo cultural que lhe é próprio. Nesse contexto, se torna onipresente na atual sociedade a cibercultura, a qual é a cultura contemporânea estruturada pela utilização das tecnologias digitais em rede nas esferas do ciberespaço e do espaço urbano. Esta formação cultural traz novas demandas para a educação, pois faz emergir novas relações com o saber e exige uma nova postura dos profissionais da educação. Desse modo, consideramos nesse artigo um breve histórico da cibercultura, sua definição e a sua relação com a educação, a necessidade de um novo perfil do professor frente à influência da cibercultura no contexto educacional e como sua formação pode lhe auxiliar a ter este novo perfil.
CULTURA MAKER NA EDUCAÇÃO ATRAVÉS DO SCRATCH VISANDO O DESENVOLVIMENTO DO PENSAMENTO COMPUTACIONAL DOS ESTUDANTES DO 5° ANO DE UMA ESCOLA DO CAMPO DA CIDADE DE OLINDA-PE
Authors: Vieira Sebastiao da Silva , Sabbatini Marcelo
Published: August 2020

O presente trabalho aborda a criação de uma cultura maker no espaço escolar através do uso do software Scratch como uma ferramenta educacional no Ensino Fundamental inicias visando o desenvolvimento do pensamento computacional, como o ensino de lógica, programação, com um grupo de alunos do 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental anos iniciais de uma Escola Municipal, promovendo nos estudantes a criatividade, ludicidade, produção de conteúdos e o trabalho colaborativo. O objetivo é analisar como o Scratch potencializa o desenvolvimento do pensamento computacional nos estudantes do Ensino Fundamental anos iniciais de uma Escola Rural da cidade de Olinda -PE. Através da criação de Espaço Maker, como uma proposta de inserção da cultura Maker em sala de aula. Visando a participação dos estudantes de forma crítica, lúdica e colaborativa. Os resultados mostram que o uso do software Scratch promoveu nos estudantes  um estímulo e curiosidade em aprender a criação de jogos digitais, a lógica e programação e o desenvolvimento do pensamento computacional. A metodologia utilizada de caráter qualitativo, empregando entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação participante, mediada por desafios, questionamentos e problemas. Eles eram desafiados a criar jogos digitais e histórias interativas, com os personagens dos jogos criados. Os estudantes mostraram interesse, curiosidade e espontaneidade ao resolver os problemas propostos. Observou-se que o Scratch é um importante aliado no processo de uma aprendizagem criativa fazendo com que o estudante participe ativamente, visto que trabalha no aprendiz algo tido como primordial na aprendizagem, que é a motivação. O uso do Scratch acerca do pensamento computacional é fundamental para que a escola possa criar espaços de desenvolvimento de programas como Scratch que desperte nos estudantes a cultura maker “o fazer com as próprias mãos” colocando a mão na massa e sendo criadores de conhecimento, ao invés de consumidores passiv
APRESENTAÇÃO: ATOS DE CURRÍCULO E RE-EXISTÊNCIA NA CIBERCULTURA
Authors: Martins Vivian , Almeida Joelma Fabiane Ferreira de , Carriço Wallace De Almeida
Published: August 2020

O presente dossiê apresenta como temática principal os atos de currículo e re-existência na cibercultura, com artigos que transversalizam diferentes espaçostempos da educação, com práticas em diversas modalidades e regiões do Brasil. Contando com artigos de temáticas variadas dentro das tecnologias digitais em rede, apostamos na pluralidade de possibilidades que a educação contemporânea nos mostra, construindo uma rede de saberes inspiradores. No momento da publicação desse dossiê, de distanciamento social físico imposto pela Covid-19, as práticas expostas nesses artigos são mais do que bem-vindas, são necessárias e contribuem para um fazerpensar docente em situação de excepcionalidade. Os textos que compõem este dossiê abordam temas como táticas pedagógicas dos professores nômades no ciberespaço, o perfil do professor na cibercultura, e-learning como ferramenta digital híbrida, ativismo de mulheres nas redes sociais, o aplicativo Whatsapp no ensino de biologia, memes e ‘conversas’ com professoras em tempos de pandemia e cultura maker e pensamento computacional no ensino fundamental. Pesquisas com diferentes metodologias, epistemologias e abordagens teóricas, que apresentam achados que podem contribuir sobremaneira para práticas educacionais com usos de artefatos tecnológicos, em especial em um momento de ressignificação da profissão docente como o que estamos vivendo. Atuamos na esperança que esses textos inspirem pessoas e sejam levados a múltiplos espaços educacionais, para uma educação socialmente referenciada, problematizadora, de qualidade e que garanta o direito de acesso, permanência e êxito.