bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detachable interface toward a low-loss reflow-compatible fiber coupling for co-packaged optics (CPO)
Authors: Du Yinchao , Wang Feng , Hong Ziming , Shi Yuechun , Chen Xiangfei , Zheng Xuezhe
Published: December 2022

High-density reflow-compatible fiber I/O is one of the challenges for co-packaged optics (CPO). This paper developed a detachable coupling interface based on expanded beam edge coupling, which can be applied for optical coupling between lasers, PICs, and fibers, seamlessly supporting many channels with high efficiency. It comprises a removable fiber connector and a permanent chip/device connector, in which microlens/lens arrays are used for waveguide mode expansion and MT-like connectors are used for position registration. An effective alignment scheme based on beam detection was developed and implemented in an assembly station for building the removable fiber connectors, while the permanent chip/device connector was assembled by active alignment to a pre-made fiber connector mated with a registration connector. Promising results were obtained from the proof-of-concept demonstrations of the coupling from SiP PIC and III/V lasers to fibers using the off-the-shelf lenses and modified MT registration connectors. In both cases, less than 1 dB coupling loss was achieved with an expanded beam size of 160 µm in diameter. Even with a relatively large lens offset of ∼35 µm, the detachable fiber array connectors showed good interchangeability. Such a coupling interface is expected to be solder-reflow compatible by replacing the plastic registration connectors with ceramic ones, making it a promising candidate for the solution to CPO fiber I/O.
Improving mechanical cooling by using magnetic thermal noise in a cavity-magnomechanical system
Authors: Yang Zhen , Zhao Chengsong , Peng Rui , Yang Junya , Zhou Ling
Published: December 2022

The cavity-magnomechanical system is a significant platform for studying quantum information. In this paper, a scheme to realize the ground-state cooling of the mechanical phonon mode in a cavity-magnomechanical system is proposed. In the general cooling method, the system is usually driven by a strong pumping field, and the Hamiltonian of the system needs to be linearized. Different from this cooling method, in a cavity-magnomechanical tripartite interaction system, we consider the magnetic thermal noise as an incoherent drive to facilitate cooling, where the thermal magnon number can enhance the effective coupling between the photon and phonon modes. The mechanical mode can be cooled to its ground state when the magnon thermal number is increased.
Risk factors for melioidosis in Udupi District, Karnataka, India, January 2017-July 2018
Authors: Singh Akhileshwar , Talyan Ashok , Chandra Ramesh , Srivastav Anubhav , Upadhya Vasudeva , Mukhopadhyay Chiranjay , Shreedhar Shyamsundar , Sudhakaran Deepak , Nair Suma , Papanna Mohan , Yadav Rajesh , Singh Sujeet Kumar , Dikid Tanzin
Published: December 2022

We initiated an epidemiological investigation following the death of a previously healthy 17 year-old boy with neuro-melioidosis. A case was defined as a culture-confirmed melioidosis patient from Udupi district admitted to hospital A from January 2013—July 2018. For the case control study, we enrolled a subset of cases admitted to hospital A from January 2017- July 2018. A control was resident of Udupi district admitted to hospital A in July 2018 with a non-infectious condition. Using a matched case-control design, we compared each case to 3 controls using age and sex groups. We assessed for risk factors related to water storage, activities of daily living, injuries and environmental exposures (three months prior to hospitalization), using conditional regression analysis. We identified 50 cases with case fatality rate 16%. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus was present in 84% cases and 66% of cases occurred between May and October (rainy season). Percutaneous inoculation through exposure to stagnant water and injury leading to breakage in the skin were identified as an important mode of transmission. We used these findings to develop a surveillance case definition and initiated training of the district laboratory for melioidosis diagnosis.
A next generation targeted amplicon sequencing method to screen for insecticide resistance mutations in Aedes aegypti populations reveals a rdl mutation in mosquitoes from Cabo Verde
Authors: Collins Emma L. , Phelan Jody E. , Hubner Magdalena , Spadar Anton , Campos Monica , Ward Daniel , Acford-Palmer Holly , Gomes Ana Rita , Silva Keily , Ferrero Gomez Lara , Clark Taane G. , Campino Susana
Published: December 2022

Aedesmosquito vectors transmit many viruses of global health concern, including dengue, chikungunya and Zika. These vector-borne viral diseases have a limited number of treatment options, and vaccines vary in their effectiveness. Consequently, integrated vector management is a primary strategy for disease control. However, the increasing emergence and spread of insecticide resistance is threatening the efficacy of vector control methods. Identifying mutations associated with resistance in vector populations is important to monitor the occurrence and evolution of insecticide resistance and inform control strategies. Rapid and cost-effective genome sequencing approaches are urgently needed. Here we present an adaptable targeted amplicon approach for cost-effective implementation within next generation sequencing platforms. This approach can identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and small insertions and deletions (indels) in genes involved in insecticide resistance inAedes aegyptimosquitoes. We designed and tested eleven amplicons, which included segments of theace-1(carbamate target), theVoltage-Gated Sodium Channel(vgsc; pyrethroids, DDT and organochlorines), andrdl(dieldrin) genes; thereby covering established knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations (e.g., S989P, I1011M/V, V1016G/I and F1534C), with the potential to identify novel ones. The amplicon assays were designed with internal barcodes, to facilitate multiplexing of large numbers of mosquitoes at low cost, and were sequenced using an Illumina platform. Our approach was evaluated on 152Ae.aegyptimosquitoes collected in Cabo Verde, an archipelago with a history of arbovirus outbreaks. The amplicon sequence data revealed 146 SNPs, including four non-synonymous polymorphisms in thevgscgene, one inace-1and the 296Srdlmutation previously associated with resistance to organochlorines. The 296Srdlmutation was identified in 98% of mosquitoes screened, consistent with the past use of an organochlorine compound (e.g., DDT). Overall, our work shows that targeted amplicon sequencing is a rapid, robust, and cost-effective tool that can be used to perform high throughput monitoring of insecticide resistance.
Applications of a novel reciprocating positive displacement pump in the simulation of pulsatile arterial blood flow
Authors: Menkara Adam , Faryami Ahmad , Viar Daniel , Harris Carolyn
Published: December 2022

Pulsatile arterial blood flow plays an important role in vascular system mechanobiology, especially in the study of mechanisms of pathology. Limitations in cost, time, sample size, and control across current in-vitro and in-vivo methods limit future exploration of novel treatments. Presented is the verification of a novel reciprocating positive displacement pump aimed at resolving these issues through the simulation of human ocular, human fingertip and skin surface, human cerebral, and rodent spleen organ systems. A range of pulsatile amplitudes, frequencies, and flow rates were simulated using pumps made of 3D printed parts incorporating a tubing system, check valve and proprietary software. Volumetric analysis of 430 total readings across a flow range of 0.025ml/min to 16ml/min determined that the pump had a mean absolute error and mean relative error of 0.041 ml/min and 1.385%, respectively. Linear regression analysis compared to expected flow rate across the full flow range yielded an R2 of 0.9996. Waveform analysis indicated that the pump could recreate accurate beat frequency for flow ranges above 0.06ml/min at 70BPM. The verification of accurate pump output opens avenues for the development of novel long-term in-vitro benchtop models capable of looking at fluid flow scenarios previously unfeasible, including low volume-high shear rate pulsatile flow.
Categorization of tinnitus listeners with a focus on cochlear synaptopathy
Authors: Casolani Chiara , Harte James Michael , Epp Bastian
Published: December 2022

Tinnitus is a complex and not yet fully understood phenomenon. Often the treatments provided are effective only for subgroups of sufferers. We are presently not able to predict benefit with the currently available diagnostic tools and analysis methods. Being able to identify and specifically treat sub-categories of tinnitus would help develop and implement more targeted treatments with higher success rate. In this study we use a clustering analysis based on 17 predictors to cluster an audiologically homogeneous group of normal hearing participants, both with and without tinnitus. The predictors have been chosen to be either tinnitus-specific measures or measures that are thought to be connected to cochlear synaptopathy. Our aim was to identify a subgroup of participants with characteristics consistent with the current hypothesized impact of cochlear synaptopathy. Our results show that this approach can separate the listeners into different clusters. But not in all cases could the tinnitus sufferers be separated from the control group. Another challenge is the use of categorical measures which seem to dominate the importance analysis of the factors. The study showed that data-driven clustering of a homogeneous listener group based on a mixed set of experimental outcome measures is a promising tool for tinnitus sub-typing, with the caveat that sample sizes might need to be sufficiently high, and higher than in the present study, to keep a meaningful sample size after clustering.
Air-conducted ultrasound below the hearing threshold elicits functional changes in the cognitive control network
Authors: Weichenberger Markus , Bug Marion U. , Brühl Rüdiger , Ittermann Bernd , Koch Christian , Kühn Simone
Published: December 2022

Air-conducted ultrasound (> 17.8 kHz; US) is produced by an increasing number of technical devices in our daily environment. While several studies indicate that exposure to US in public spaces can lead to subjective symptoms such as ‘annoyance’ or ‘difficulties in concentration’, the effects of US on brain activity are poorly understood. In the present study, individual hearing thresholds (HT) for sounds in the US frequency spectrum were assessed in 21 normal-hearing participants. The effects of US were then investigated by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). 15 of these participants underwent three resting-state acquisitions, two with a 21.5 kHz tone presented monaurally at 5 dB above (ATC) and 10 dB below (BTC) the HT and one without auditory stimulation (NTC), as well as three runs of an n-back working memory task involving similar stimulus conditions (n-ATC, n-BTC, n-NTC). Comparing data gathered during n-NTC vs. fixation, we found that task performance was associated with the recruitment of regions within the cognitive control network, including prefrontal and parietal areas as well as the cerebellum. Direct contrasts of the two stimulus conditions (n-ATC & n-BTC) vs. n-NTC showed no significant differences in brain activity, irrespective of whether a whole-brain or a region of interest approach with primary auditory cortex as the seed was used. Likewise, no differences were found when the resting-state runs were compared. However, contrast analysis (n-BTC vs. n-ATC) revealed a strong activation in bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG, triangular part) only when US was presented below the HT (p < 0.001, cluster > 30). In addition, IFG activation was also associated with faster reaction times during n-BTC (p = 0.033) as well as with verbal reports obtained after resting-state, i.e., the more unpleasant sound was perceived during BTC vs. ATC, the higher activation in bilateral IFG was and vice versa (p = 0.003). While this study provides no evidence for activation of primary auditory cortex in response to audible US (even though participants heard the sounds), it indicates that US can lead to changes in the cognitive control network and affect cognitive performance only when presented below the HT. Activation of bilateral IFG could reflect an increase in cognitive demand when focusing on task performance in the presence of slightly unpleasant and/or distracting US that may not be fully controllable by attentional mechanisms.
The cytological and electrophysiological effects of silver nanoparticles on neuron-like PC12 cells
Authors: Zhang Zequn , Meng Chen , Hou Kun , Wang Zhigong , Huang Yan , Lü Xiaoying
Published: December 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the toxic effects and mechanism of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) on the cytological and electrophysiological properties of rat adrenal pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Different concentrations of SNPs (20 nm) were prepared, and the effects of different application durations on the cell viability and electrical excitability of PC12 quasi-neuronal networks were investigated. The effects of 200 μM SNPs on the neurite length, cell membrane potential (CMP) difference, intracellular Ca2+ content, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) difference, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content of networks were then investigated. The results showed that 200 μM SNPs produced grade 1 cytotoxicity at 48 h of interaction, and the other concentrations of SNPs were noncytotoxic. Noncytotoxic 5 μM SNPs significantly increased electrical excitability, and noncytotoxic 100 μM SNPs led to an initial increase followed by a significant decrease in electrical excitability. Cytotoxic SNPs (200 μM) significantly decreased electrical excitability. SNPs (200 μM) led to decreases in neurite length, MMP difference and ATP content and increases in CMP difference and intracellular Ca2+ and ROS levels. The results revealed that not only cell viability but also electrophysiological properties should be considered when evaluating nanoparticle-induced neurotoxicity. The SNP-induced cytotoxicity mainly originated from its effects on ATP content, cytoskeletal structure and ROS content. The decrease in electrical excitability was mainly due to the decrease in ATP content. ATP content may thus be an important indicator of both cell viability and electrical excitability in PC12 quasi-neuronal networks.
Transfer of weight information depends differently on used hand and handedness for perception and action
Authors: van Polanen Vonne
Published: December 2022

When lifting an object sequentially with the two hands, information about object weight can be transferred from one hand to the other. This information can be used to predictively scale fingertip forces and to form a perceptual estimation about the object’s weight. This study investigated how weight information can be transferred between the two hands and how this depends on the used hand and handedness of the participant. Right- and left-handed participants lifted light and heavy objects with the right or left hand in a pseudorandomized order and estimated the object’s weight. Results showed that predictive force scaling depended on the previously lifted object, with higher force rates if a previous object was heavy. This known effect of sensorimotor memory was mostly independent of the used hand and handedness, indicating that weight information could be transferred across hands for fingertip force scaling. Furthermore, a perceptual bias that depended on the previous lifted object was found, with lower weight estimations when the previous object was heavy compared to light. While this bias was found for both light and heavy objects in right-handers, it was only observed for light objects in left-handers. Notably, in contrast to the results on force scaling, this effect was not transferred across hands. These findings indicate that the transfer of weight information depends differently on the used hand and handedness for perceptual estimations and predictive force scaling.
Developing evidence-based resources for evaluating postgraduate trainees in the biomedical sciences
Authors: McLaughlin Jacqueline E. , Layton Rebekah L. , Watkins Paul B. , Nicholas Robert A. , Brouwer Kim L. R.
Published: December 2022

Postgraduate trainees elevate the academic strength of institutions by conducting research, promoting innovation, securing grant funding, training undergraduate students, and building alliances. Rigorous and systematic program evaluation can help ensure that postgraduate training programs are achieving the program’s intended outcomes. The purpose of this project was to develop evidence-based evaluation tools that could be shared across federally funded biomedical training programs to enhance program evaluation capacity. This manuscript describes the evidence-based process used to determine program evaluation needs of these programs at a research-intensive university. Using a multi-phased sequential exploratory mixed methods approach, data were collected from trainees, employers, leaders, and program directors. Data analyses included document analysis of program plans, inductive coding of focus groups and interviews, and descriptive analysis of surveys. Two overarching categories–Trainee Skills and Program Characteristics—were identified including six themes each. Program directors prioritized communication, social and behavioral skills, and collaboration as the trainee skills that they needed the most help evaluating. Furthermore, program directors prioritized the following program characteristics as those that they needed the most help evaluating: training environment, trainee outcomes, and opportunities offered. Surveys, interview scripts, and related resources for the categories and themes were developed and curated on a publicly available website for program directors to use in their program evaluations.
Stochastic adaptive-service level agreement-based energy management model for smart grid and prosumers
Authors: Ahmed Waqar , Khan Bilal , Ullah Zahid , Mehmood Faizan , Ali Sahibzada Muhammad , Edifor Ernest Edem , Siraj Sajid , Nawaz Raheel
Published: December 2022

The growing issue of demand-supply management between the prosumers and the local energy market requires an efficient and reliable energy management model. The microlayers, such as prosumers, energy districts, and macro players, namely retail dealers and wholesale dealers play a pivotal role in achieving mutual benefits. The stochastic nature of renewable energy generation in energy districts requires an effective model that can contemplate all stochastic complexities. Therefore, this paper proposes a mutual trade model between energy districts and smart grid to authorize the prosumers for mutual energy transactions under the stochastic adaptive-service level agreement. Moreover, multiple smart contacts are developed between the stakeholders to design adaptability and stochastic behavior of wind speed and solar irradiance. The real-time adaptations of the stochastic adaptive-service level agreement are based on technical beneficial feasibility and achieved through stochastic and adaptive functions. The optimized solution based on a genetic algorithm is proposed for the energy cost and energy surplus of prosumers and output parameters of the mutual trade model (grid revenue). In the context of mutual benefits associated with balanced demand and supply, the economic load dispatch and simplex method maximization are used for optimized demand-supply energy management. Moreover, the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive and stochastic mutual trade model is validated through simulation and statistical analysis.
Time to positivity of Corynebacterium in blood culture: Characteristics and diagnostic performance
Authors: Watanabe Naoki , Otsuka Yoshihito , Watari Tomohisa , Hosokawa Naoto , Yamagata Kazufumi , Fujioka Miyuki
Published: December 2022

The presence of Corynebacterium in blood samples can indicate true bacteremia or contamination, thus complicating the diagnosis of true bacteremia. We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of time to positivity (TTP) in diagnosing true bacteremia and contamination in cases where Corynebacterium was isolated from blood samples. We compared the TTP of the true-bacteremia group (n = 77) with that of the contamination group (n = 88). For the true-bacteremia cases that had only one set of positive blood cultures (n = 14), considering clinical and bacteriological data, additional cultures were performed on blood or other specimens. The same Corynebacterium spp. as in blood were isolated from these specimens. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated, and the sensitivity and specificity of TTP were calculated for diagnosing true bacteremia. The median TTP of the true-bacteremia group (26.8 h) was shorter than that of the contamination group (43.3 h) (P < 0.0001). When considering TTP ≤ 25.0 h as true bacteremia, the sensitivity and specificity were 44.2% and 95.5%, respectively. Moreover, when considering TTP ≤ 69.4 h as true bacteremia, the sensitivity and specificity were 96.1% and 20.5%, respectively. Among the true-bacteremia groups with one set of positive blood cultures (n = 14), no case exhibited a TTP > 69.4 h. Only three cases showed TTP ≤ 25.0 h in the true-bacteremia group with one set of positive blood cultures. TTP > 69.4 h is likely to indicate contamination and may be useful to exclude true bacteremia in cases with one set of positive blood cultures. Meanwhile, diagnosing true bacteremia using the threshold of TTP 25.0 h would be difficult. Therefore, the clinical and bacteriological data are important for diagnosing bacteremia, especially in cases with TTP ≤ 69.4 h.
Dynamical changes of land use/land cover and their impacts on ecological quality during China’s reform periods: A case study of Quanzhou city, China
Authors: Pan Weihua , Wang Shuiying , Wang Yan , Yu Yongjiang , Luo Yanyan
Published: December 2022

The rapid growth of China’s economy has greatly accelerated the process of urbanization during China’s reform periods. Urbanization has significantly caused land use and land cover (LULC) changes and thus has impacts on the local climate and ecosystem. This study chooses Quanzhou, a fast-developing city of southeast China, as an example to detect and quantify the LULC and ecological changes from 1989 to 2018 by using the remotely sensed technique. The LULC of Quanzhou was derived from the four Landsat images taken in 1989, 1999, 2007 and 2018, and the land-use-degree ratio index and land-use–change method were used to estimate the change of land use. The remote sensing based ecological index (RSEI) was used to detect the ecological changes of the city. The built-up land expansion intensity and annual built-up land expansion rate were carried out for seven districts of Quanzhou. The results show that the urban area of Quanzhou has drastically grown by 192.99 km2 at the expense of forest, water, and cropland land during the 1989~2018 period. Moreover, the built-up land of seven districts had expanded at the average rate of 0.027~0.154 per year and the built-up expansion intensity was higher than 0.59. The average RSEI value of Quanzhou city dropped from 0.78 in 1989 to 0.34 in 2018, which suggested an overall decline in ecological quality. The proportion of areas with an RSEI rating good decreased from 30.84% to 11.52% while the proportion of areas with rating bad increased from 4.73% to 19.11% during the past 29 years. This study has shown the built-up land expansion intensity is negatively correlated with the ecological quality change, and the increase in built-up land can greatly accelerate the decline of the ecological quality. Government policies play a profound impact on land use changes, urbanization and eco-environment changes. Therefore, the policy decision-makers should take enough action and consider integrating the concept of ecology to enable the healthy and sustainable development of the city.
Quantitative assessment of depolarization by the retinal pigment epithelium in healthy and glaucoma subjects measured over a large field of view
Authors: Motschi Alice R. , Schwarzhans Florian , Desissaire Sylvia , Steiner Stefan , Bogunović Hrvoje , Roberts Philipp K. , Vass Clemens , Hitzenberger Christoph K. , Pircher Michael
Published: December 2022

We present measurements of depolarization introduced by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) over a 45° field of view using polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography. A detailed spatial distribution analysis of depolarization caused by the RPE is presented in a total of 153 subjects including both healthy and diseased eyes. Age and sex related differences in the depolarizing character of the RPE are investigated.
Effects of focused ultrasound pulse duration on stimulating cortical and subcortical motor circuits in awake sheep
Authors: Kim Hyun-Chul , Lee Wonhye , Kowsari Kavin , Weisholtz Daniel S. , Yoo Seung-Schik
Published: December 2022

Low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) offers new functional neuromodulation opportunities, enabling stimulation of cortical as well as deep brain areas with high spatial resolution. Brain stimulation of awake sheep, in the absence of the confounding effects of anesthesia on brain function, provides translational insight into potential human applications with safety information supplemented by histological analyses. We examined the effects of tFUS pulsing parameters, particularly regarding pulse durations (PDs), on stimulating the cortical motor area (M1) and its thalamic projection in unanesthetized, awake sheep (n = 8). A wearable tFUS headgear, custom-made for individual sheep, enabled experiments to be conducted without using anesthesia. FUS stimuli, each 200 ms long, were delivered to the M1 and the thalamus using three different PDs (0.5, 1, and 2 ms) with the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) adjusted to maintain a 70% duty cycle at a derated in situ spatial-peak temporal-average intensity (Ispta) of 3.6 W/cm2. Efferent electromyography (EMG) responses to stimulation were quantified from both hind limbs. Group-averaged EMG responses from each of the hind limbs across the experimental conditions revealed selective responses from the hind limb contralateral to sonication. The use of 0.5 and 1 ms PDs generated higher EMG signal amplitudes compared to those obtained using a 2 ms PD. Faster efferent response was also observed from thalamic stimulation than that from stimulating the M1. Post-sonication behavioral observation and histological assessment performed 24 h and 1 month after sonication were not indicative of any abnormalities. The results suggest the presence of pulsing scheme-dependent effects of tFUS on brain stimulation and attest its safety in awake large animals.
Basic research investment, innovation capability improvement, and economic growth efficiency
Authors: Jiang Yichen , Xu Bin , Fang Li , Sun Boyue , Hu Liyan , Hui Wang
Published: December 2022

This study explores the relationship between the proportion of basic research investment in R&D expenditure and regional economic growth efficiency and its influence path. A panel of data from 31 China’s provincial was analysed by the fixed-effects model over 2009 to 2019. Empirical results highlight that: (1) the increase in the proportion of basic research investment has a significant promoting effect on regional economic growth efficiency, but it presents an "inverted U-shaped" impact path. Meanwhile, the threshold effect model test results reveal that basic research investment plays a more significant role in promotion when the per capita income level exceeds a certain threshold. (2) The test results of the mediating effect model indicate that the improvement of the level of human capital is the intermediate channel through which the investment in basic research affects regional economic growth efficiency, while the mediating effect of the increase of knowledge storage on the process of the investment in basic research affecting regional economic growth efficiency is not supported by data. Potential policy measures are discussed.
From Marlene to Conchita and Kim: Gender performativities and iconicity in ‘naked’ dresses
Authors: Kipp Lara Maleen
Published: December 2022

This article presents a whistle-stop tour through fashion history from Marlene Dietrich to Conchita Wurst and beyond, illustrating the complex iconicity of ‘naked’ dresses, also referred to as ‘nude illusion’ dresses. It interrogates notions of selfhood and performativity in relation to gender and celebrity. The article utilizes the embellished costumes made by Jean Louis for Marlene Dietrich as a starting point to explore the recurring image of a celebrity clad seemingly in nothing but rhinestones, sequins or similar embellishments. By providing an overview of notable instances of such ‘naked’ dresses, the article explores the accumulation of meaning through historical reference points ranging from the 1950s to the 2020s. In particular, it analyses images of femininity and desirability as evoked through these particular garments. The seeming exposure of the desirable body is set in relation to the careful construction of the image which brings together vulnerability and apparent truthfulness through the specific nature of the garment. The article explores how seemingly ‘baring it all’ is a carefully orchestrated performance with a long history and subversive potential.
Önvezető járművek a turizmusban – technológiaelfogadás a turisták szemszögéből
Authors: Miskolczi Márk , Munkácsy András , Földes Dávid
Published: December 2022

Az önvezető járművek radikálisan átalakíthatják a közlekedés és a turizmus rendszerét a közelj övőben. A technológia terjedésével a fogyasztói elvárások változhatnak, melyek a turisztikai célú utazások esetében is megváltozott döntési helyzeteket idézhetnek elő. Az alábbi tanulmányban a technológiaelfogadási modellek egyfajta kiterjesztése kerül bemutatásra, mely az önvezető járművek turisztikai célú hasznosíthatóságára világít rá. A kutatás keretében online adatfelvételre került sor (n=646), a modell létrehozásához a kovarianciaalapú strukturális egyenlőségek modellezése (CB-SEM) elemzési módszert alkalmaztuk. Az elemzés alapján egy olyan modell megalkotására került sor, mely a korábbi kutatásokkal ellentétben a turizmus szemszögéből vizsgálja az önvezető járművekkel kapcsolatos fogyasztói attitűdöt. Az új modell igazolja, hogy a járművek turisztikai célú alkalmazhatósága és a szokatlan utazási környezet pozitív, míg a hagyományos járműhasználathoz való ragaszkodás negatív hatást gyakorol az önvezető járművek használati szándékára.
A színház és a turizmus szinergiája – új lehetőség a kulturális turizmusban
Authors: Husz Anikó , Tolnai Edina
Published: December 2022

Kutatásunkat két témakör köré csoportosítottuk. Először azt vizsgáltuk, hogy kimutathatóak-e a színház és a turizmus között kapcsolódási pontok. Mélyinterjút készítettünk a témában releváns szakemberekkel mind színházi, mind turisztikai oldalról, szekunder forrásként pedig a Szegedi Szabadtéri Játékok és Fesztiválszervező Nonprofit Kft. megbízásából készült felmérés adatait elemeztük. Ezután arra kerestük a választ, hogy van-e létjogosultsága kifejezetten színházi tematikájú utazások szervezésének, beszélhetünk-e a színházturisztikai utazásokról önálló, niche termékként. Kérdőíves módszerrel végeztünk felmérést a legjelentősebb hazai kulturális utaztató iroda törzsutasai között, illetve egy tematikus utakat szervező utazási iroda ügyvezetőjével készítettünk mélyinterjút. A színház és a turizmus kapcsolata, illetve annak vizsgálata, hogy milyen hatással vannak egymásra, még kiaknázatlan kutatási téma. Tanulmányunk arra tesz kísérletet, hogy rávilágítson e két dimenzió találkozási pontjaira, szinergiájára. Eredményeink szerint a színház és a turizmus között szignifikáns kapcsolat van. Mind szakmai szempontból, mind a fogyasztói visszajelzések alapján érdemes figyelmet fordítani a színház és a turizmus találkozása nyomán létrejövő turisztikai termékekre.
Mujeres sexualizadas, mujeres empoderadas: Capital erótico, poder y sexualidad enLos Borbones en pelota
Authors: Muñoz-Muriana Sara
Published: December 2022

Este ensayo examina la relación mujer-capital erótico a partir de Los Borbones en pelota, una colección de acuarelas de alto contenido erótico producidas en 1868–1869 en España. Concebidas para enfatizar la inadecuación de las relaciones entre mujer y poder, propongo leer las imágenes de exacerbada sexualidad femenina como una celebración de la libertad sexual de la mujer que, llevada al extremo de lo grotesco, anuncia la construcción de un cuerpo femenino como mecanismo de poder desde el cual es posible movilizar una resistencia a los discursos de normatividad política y sexual de la sociedad moderna.
La descolonización del cuidado: Miriam Miranda y el activismo garífuna en Honduras
Authors: Rio Gabiola Irune del
Published: December 2022

El acaparamiento de recursos naturales en Honduras ha afectado directamente a las comunidades indígenas en cuyos territorios se llevan a cabo proyectos extractivistas. Sin embargo, las organizaciones sociales se han organizado para combatir la destrucción de la biodiversidad natural, los desplazamientos, la desposesión y la criminalización. Este artículo examina las estrategias empleadas por la Organización Fraternal Negra de Honduras (OFRANEH) y, concretamente, por la activista Miriam Miranda, para proteger a las comunidades mediante políticas del cuidado alternativas basadas en la sanación de los cuerpos y de los territorios garífunas, en el autocuidado, el cuidado colectivo y el apoyo mutuo.
Foreword
Authors: Holder Jane
Published: December 2022

Foreword
PLANEJAMENTO E GOVERNANÇA NO CONTEXTO DO DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL DO TURISMO: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Dos Santos Yuri Tomaz , Emmendoerfer Magnus Luiz , Mediotte Elias José , Matos Melina Castro
Published: December 2022

O objetivo é discutir como a governança e o planejamento turístico têm sido tratados na literatura especializada. Em termos metodológicos, empregou-se uma revisão sistemática a partir da análise de publicações científicas nacionais qualificadas. Como principais resultados, verificou-se que os trabalhos sobre governança ainda tratam o planejamento turístico com vista ao desenvolvimento exclusivamente econômico e minimamente inserindo em suas discussões a dimensão sustentável. As inferências, divididas em subgrupos de artigos que se assemelham, possibilitaram constatar problemas associados à inexistência ou ineficácia do planejamento turístico, sendo pensado, mormente, pela dimensão econômica. Somado a isso, observou-se a carência da abordagem da governança no turismo nos trabalhos analisados, sendo necessário inter-relacionar as noções de planejamento turístico sustentável e governança. Como conclusões, os estudos que aproximam governança e planejamento turístico são limitados, sendo a infraestrutura do destino turístico, a centralização de poder e a degradação do meio ambiente considerados pouco expressivos, representando, portanto, os principais desafios do planejamento no contexto do turismo, principalmente se relacionado com a governança. Este estudo contribui para reflexões sobre gestão, desafios e interlocuções entre planejamento e governança no turismo no contexto brasileiro.
Aproveitamento dos recursos minerais nas regiões do Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba - uma agressão ao meio natural
Authors: Nishiyama Luiz , Baccaro Claudete Aparecida Dellevedove
Published: December 2022

Aproveitamento dos recursos minerais nas regiões do Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba - uma agressão ao meio natural
Material em suspenção no estuário da Laguna dos Patos (RS) Fase I - Observações preliminares - Abril/1979 a Março/1980
Authors: Hartmann Carlos , Galliari Lauro , Moller Osmar
Published: December 2022

Material em suspenção no estuário da Laguna dos Patos (RS) Fase I - Observações preliminares - Abril/1979 a Março/1980
Saúde pública, urbanização e dengue no Brasil
Authors: Mendonça Francisco de Assis , Souza Adilson Veiga , Dutra Denecir Almeida
Published: December 2022

A dengue, doença tropical, atinge, anualmente, de 50 a 80 milhões de pessoas, em mais de 100 países, incluindo o Brasil, sendo 20 mil, aproximadamente, o número de mortos. Esta doença, cujo controle ainda se faz, sobretudo, através do meio ambiente e do modo de vida, é enfocada no presente texto a partir de uma perspectiva histórico-geográfica. A ênfase do estudo relaciona-se à problemática sócio-ambiental urbana, principalmente das últimas quatro décadas, dessa doença no espaço brasileiro. Nesta perspectiva são envolvidos o clima, a urbanização desorganizada e intensa, e a ineficácia das políticas públicas no controle dos vetores da doença no país.
A New Insight Into Pathophysiological Mechanism of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm With Novel Parameters Salusin-β and Arterial Stiffness
Authors: Karagöz Ahmet , Kurt Devrim , Günaydın Zeki Yüksel , Vural Aslı , Usta Murat , Tosun Alptekin , Yenercag Mustafa , Özdemir Fatih
Published: December 2022

Background

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) has risk factors similar to those of atherosclerosis. Salusin-β and arterial stiffness are novel parameters that have been shown to predict atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular disorders. However, their predictive value for detecting AAA remains unclear.

Methods

Forty-eight patients with AAA and 47 age- and sex-matched participants without AAA were enrolled in the study. Arterial stiffness parameters were obtained via an oscillometric Mobil-O-Graph PWA Monitor device (IEM GmbH) with integrated ARCSolver software (Australian Institute of Technology). Plasma salusin-β levels were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reagent kit (Abbkine, Inc). The measured salusin-β levels and arterial stiffness parameters of the AAA and control groups were compared.

Results

Salusin-β levels were significantly lower in patients with AAA (P = .014). There was a significant negative correlation between salusin-β levels and abdominal aorta diameter. No significant difference was detected between AAA and control groups in terms of arterial stiffness parameters (P > .05). In backward multiple regression analysis, the presence of AAA, platelet count, and augmentation index were found to be independent predictors of salusin-β levels (P = .006 and P = .023, respectively).

Conclusion

Arterial stiffness parameters were not found to be associated with AAA. Contrary to previous results regarding atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular disorders, salusin-β levels were found to be lower in patients with AAA. Although AAA is thought to have similar risk factors as atherosclerosis, the exact pathophysiologic mechanism remains unclear.
Teacher Collaboration and Instruction for Social-Emotional Learning: A Correlational Study
Authors: Leonard Ann , Woodland Rebecca
Published: December 2022

Teacher collaboration and social-emotional learning (SEL) are extant school improvement strategies intended to have a positive effect on student learning outcomes. The purpose of this quantitative, ex post facto study was to examine possible correlations between degree of teacher collaboration and use of instructional practices that support student SEL among lower secondary teachers (grades 7-9) in the United States (Leonard, 2021). Correlational analyses were conducted using a secondary dataset of the 2018 Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) sponsored by the Office of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD, 2018). Results showed strong, statistically significant relationships between frequency of teacher engagement in higher-intensity “student-facing” collaborative actions such as peer observation, and the enactment of instructional approaches that contribute to student SEL, such as helping students believe they can do well in school and having them work in groups to come up with a joint solution to a problem. Implications for research and for the advancement of teacher collaboration and SEL in P12 schools are discussed.
Features of the Manifestation of New Internal and External Shocks in the Forest Complex of the Far Eastern Federal District and Their Possible Consequences
Authors:   Economic Research Institute FEB RAS, Antonova Natalia
Published: December 2022

The purpose of the article is to study the situation in the forest complex of the Far Eastern Federal District under the conditions of economic instability that arose under the influence of a number of internal and external shocks. Some preliminary assessments of the reaction of the forest complex of the macroregion to institutional and sanctions restrictions in 2022 are given. It is concluded that these restrictions have only exacerbated the situation in the heavy forested regions of the Far East, which was previously formed by innovations in customs regulation and the «pandemic» crisis, but so far it is not critical. The total ban on the export of raw timber, introduced in 2022, is partially offset by supplies to the domestic market, but with sanctions restrictions on processed products, a further reduction in domestic demand for raw materials is possible. It is shown that investment intentions remain in the forest complex, mainly these are medium and small-scale projects with a short payback period, aimed at expanding production, with increased orientation towards the intra-regional market, and relying on state support. It was revealed that the main limitations for the development of the Far Eastern forest complex in the short term are: increased competition in the forest markets of North-East Asia from exporters from the central part of Russia, which leads to an increased risk of losing their niches in these markets while maintaining sanctions restrictions; infrastructural restrictions that have arisen due to the reorientation of commodity flows to the East of Russia, which narrows the possibilities of the Far Eastern timber exporters in traditional directions; demand restrictions associated with a ban on the import of processed wood products in Japan, which increases the risk of becoming more tied to the Chinese market; strengthening of the ruble exchange rate, reducing export earnings
Shift-Share Analysis: Review of Spatial Versions
Authors:   Economic Research Institute FEB RAS, Natalya Dzhurka
Published: December 2022

The article presents the genesis of spatial shift-share analysis. The author focuses on the links of spatial versions of shift-share analysis with the classical one, which is not just a starting point for them from a historical point of view, but retains the status of their constituent element. The author describes spatial versions that integrate spatially lagged variables into the classical version and keep the national economy as a reference, and a version that is used in conjunction with the classical one in terms of content and defines the economy of the neighborhood of the region as a reference. For each spatial version, the total number of alternative structural decompositions and the number of decompositions that provide estimates of only simple industry mix and competitive effects with a transparent interpretation are defined. It’s shown that the development of a spatial shift-share analysis is driven by the idea of using multi-contextual framework (national, neighborhood and regional) for studying models of regional economic growth. The author describes the logic of the shift-share analysis, carried out in accordance with the spatial version, which introduces an autonomous identity for each level of the spatial hierarchy. A brief review of papers devoted to the study of economic growth models of Russian regions based on the shift-share analysis, including its spatial versions, is given, and a prospect for developing the results obtained in these papers is proposed
Break Time Exchanges
Authors: Nguyen Quynh
Published: December 2022

This study provides a snapshot of the social lives of primarily first-generation Vietnamese-Czech immigrants, who engage in small-scale merchant business at the Sapa market and cultural centre in Prague. To add to the existing research on the Vietnamese immigrant community in the Czech Republic, the research shifts from studying the immigrant community’s identity as business owners to their identities as cultural participants by observing the community’s interactions during break times. The researcher utilizes the framework of spatializing culture to focus on how such interactions help socially construct and transform the resting spaces, existing in both the physical and online worlds of the Sapa market and cultural space. This ethnographic study combines participant observation, insider ethnography, visual mapping, and visual and digital ethnography. The fieldwork reveals that the physical and digital rest areas of Sapa help facilitate ethnic identity construction and preservation among the community members.
Editor's Notes
Authors: Verbuč David
Published: December 2022

This year, we modestly celebrate 15 years of English editions of the Urban People / Lidé města journal. The content of this issue is more than appropriate to mark this event, as it represents our past experiences and our current achievements built on them, as well as our vision of the journal’s future. In this way, the new issue offers a culmination of our efforts and ideas toward creating a truly multimodal, inclusive, and border-defying urban anthropology journal that spans a multiplicity of countries, topics, disciplines, methodological approaches, and genres of academic exploration (i.e., academic articles, creative ethnographies, a photo essay, fieldnotes, and a book review).
Editorial
Authors: Schlick Manuela , Janík Miroslav
Published: December 2022

Editorial
Impact of pressure recovery on the assessment of pulmonary homograft function using Doppler ultrasound
Authors: Reil Jan‐Christian , Marquetand Christoph , Busch‐Tilge Claudia , Rohde Jule , Bahlmann Edda , Aboud Anas , Eitel Ingo , Ensminger Stephan , Charitos Efstratios I. , Reil Gert‐Hinrich , Stierle Ulrich
Published: December 2022

Relevant pressure recovery (PR) has been shown to increase functional stenotic aortic valve orifice area and reduce left ventricular load. However, little is known about the relevance of PR in the pulmonary artery. The study examined the impact of PR using 2D‐echocardiography in the pulmonary artery distal to the degenerated homograft in patients after Ross surgery. Ninety‐two patients with pulmonary homograft were investigated by Doppler echocardiography (mean time interval after surgery 31 ± 26 months). PR was measured as a function of pulmonary artery diameter determined by computed tomography angiography. Homograft orifice area, valve resistance, and transvalvular stroke work were calculated with and without considering PR. PR decreased as the pulmonary artery diameter increased (r = −0.69, p < 0.001). Mean PR was 41.5 ± 7.1% of the Doppler‐derived pressure gradient (Pmax), which resulted in a markedly increased homograft orifice area (energy loss coefficient index [ELCOI] vs. effective orifice area index [EOAI], 1.3 ± 0.4 cm2/m2 vs. 0.9 ± 0.4 cm2/m2, p < 0.001). PR significantly reduced homograft resistance and transvalvular stroke work (822 ± 433 vs. 349 ± 220 mmHg × ml, p < 0.0001). When PR was considered, the correlations of the parameters used were significantly better, and 11 of 18 patients (61%) in the group with severe homograft stenosis (EOAI <0.6 cm2/m2) could be reclassified as moderate stenosis. Our results showed that the Doppler measurements overestimated the degree of homograft stenosis and thus the right ventricular load, when PR was neglected in the pulmonary artery. Therefore, Doppler measurements that ignore PR can misclassify homograft stenosis and may lead to premature surgery.