bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The problem of psychological help to a person in the face of modern challenges
Authors: Slyusarevskyy Mykola
Published: March 2024

The problem of psychological help to a person in the context of modern challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic, is considered from the point of view of compliance of this help’s content to the public demand for it. The article aims to substantiate the need for a specific revision of traditional targets and traditional practices of psychological care due to the challenges that arise in the modern world. Reconstruction of the public request for psychological help is carried out according to the mass surveys conducted under the author’s leadership: a nationwide representative study, which covered 1202 people aged from 18 y.o. and older, and an online survey conducted directly during the spring lockdown 2020, which involved 565 respondents. The analysis also includes data from other studies conducted during this period and following its «hot tracks.» The article emphasizes that Ukrainian psychologists have shown significant professional activity since the corona crisis. Still, the effectiveness of their efforts was reduced by the fact that these efforts were exposed to barriers of both objective and subjective terms. In the psychological community, the default model of a person in a lockdown is focused on the psychological help implementation in the traditional content field of the individual (personality-oriented), marital, and family counseling. This model determined the main trend of psychologists’ counseling activity in media and social networks, but, according to the obtained data, it did not fully meet the realities of life of Ukrainian citizens, the challenges of the information environment in which they were, and therefore their real needs. It is argued that global cataclysms such as the COVID-19 pandemic radically change the nature and principles of the psychologist’s practical work, as they sharply shift the focus of their counseling activity from the usual axial to the retial communication systems. It is shown that the semantic field of psychological counseling in the conditions of modern challenges should be supplemented by at least two components – media-psychological and psychological-organizational. The need to launch a targeted state program to monitor mass sentiment and the psycho-emotional state of society is substantiated. The study’s practical significance is to use its results and conclusions to improve psychological assistance to the population. Prospects for further development of the problem are seen in the definition of supervisory and technological prerequisites for expanding the content field of psychological counseling
Model of victims’ socio-psychological support in emergency conditions
Authors: Nykonenko Liudmyla
Published: March 2024

The article presents a model of socio-psychological support of victims at all stages of the emergency. The methodological basis of the study were the provisions on stress and distress (G. Cellier), the requirements on psychological preparedness for emergencies (V. Dukhnevich), and the achievements of crisis, extreme psychology (Yu. Alexandrovsky). Theoretical analysis of the literature on this issue was used as research methods; systematization and generalization of concepts, approaches, and research in social and psychological support of victims of emergencies. The stage of emergency deployment is considered: 1) the stage of vital reactions; 2) stage of acute emotional shock; 3) stage of psychophysiological demobilization; 4) stage of actual completion; 5) recovery stage; 6) stage of distant reactions. Objective risks are described for each stage; life tasks; features of psycho-emotional states; typical psychological, behavioral reactions; ethical dilemmas; manifestations of constructive and destructive behavior; necessary self-regulation skills; social and psychological assistance needed by victims. It is concluded that the socio-psychological support of victims of emergencies is a gradual solution to specific life tasks of an individual or group, which allows minimizing the negative consequences for physical and mental health at each stage of the emergency. Creating protocols for each of the stages of the emergency will further help to standardize the socio-psychological support of victims. Thanks to the implementation of the proposed model in training rescuers, it will be possible to create an image of constructive action at each stage of the deployment
Stages of loss experience as a guideline for socio-psychological assistance of personality
Authors: Myronchak Kateryna
Published: March 2024

The purpose of the study was to highlight the specifics of the experience of loss of personality against the background of crisis events in society, identify the sequence of stages of this experience, and identify areas for potential work of agents of socio-psychological support. Socio-psychological support is defined as a transforming tool in the process of human loss, which contributes to the restoration and reconstruction of the individual’s living space. There are five stages of experiencing loss: 1) meeting the reality of loss, 2) reconciling with loss, 3) understanding change, 4) finding and determining the meaning of loss, 5) integrating internal change into real life. A detailed analysis of the selected stages identified potential risks and focused on specific psychological tasks that allow for adequate psychological support. It is determined that at the stage of meeting with the reality of loss, the main task of socio-psychological support will be to help a person realize his loss; at the stage of reconciliation – to help a person accept the loss; at the stage of awareness of change – to ensure the adaptation process to life with loss, to help realize the point of no return to the past and to form a willingness to move on; at the stage of searching for meanings – through the awareness of one’s own finiteness to actualize personal values of loss; at the stage of integration – to help master all the achievements of the previous stages and qualitatively embody them in the new reality. The presented stages of experiencing loss during military and pandemic events can serve as a guide for socio-psychological support and be used by specialists for timely diagnosis of the experience of loss, to address its negative consequences, to turn a painful experience of loss into an existential resource. The prospect of further research is the development of specialized support programs using the proposed classification of stages of experiencing loss
Adaptation of the short form of narcissistic personality inventory (npi-16) into the Ukrainian language: Psychometric indicators analysis
Authors: Pylat Nataliya , Senyk Oksana , Kryvenko Iryna
Published: March 2024

According to semantic analysis of speech constructions as markers of narcissism in different cultures, the work aims to test and validate the short form of Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI16) among a Ukrainian sample. The short unidimensional measure of the narcissism NPI-16 (NPI16; Ames, Rose, & Anderson, 2006) reflects four theoretical constructs, based on Emmons (1987) and Ruskin & Terry (1988) theories of narcissism: exploitativeness/entitlement, self-absorption/selfadmiration, authority, and self-sufficiency. The study also used the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire Short Scale (NARQ-S; Back et al., 2013), the Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale (HSNS; Hendin & Cheek, 1997), and Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSE; Rosenberg, 1965). The study involved 992 people aged 17 to 60 years (M = 24.97), 26.3% men and 71.5% women (2.2% of respondents did not indicate their gender). The Ukrainian version of the questionnaire was reduced to fourteen statements (NPI-14), because statements №5 and №16 do not contribute to the overall indicator of narcissism in the Ukrainian sample. The б-Cronbach index for NPI-14 is 0.69. The retest reliability shows a high level of reliability of the Ukrainian version. The correlations between NPI-14 scales and the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire scales and the Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale testify constructive validity of the Ukrainian NPI-14. The NPI-14 has good internal, discriminant, and predictive validity and can serve as a short measure of narcissism in Ukrainian
Livre blanc sur la valorisation des données numériques et l'applicatn concertée de l'IA dans le secteur bioalimentaire
Authors: Paquet Éric , Sirard Marc-André , Lawarée Justin , Boudreau LeBlanc Antoine , Bouchard Émilie
Published: March 2024

Ce livre blanc est une initiative de l’Observatoire international sur les impacts sociétaux de l’IA et du numérique (OBVIA) en collaboration avec le Forum IA Québec et l’Institut de valorisation des données (IVADO) sur la base d’un besoin exprimé par le ministère de l’Agriculture, des Pêcheries et de l’Alimentation du Québec (MAPAQ). Ce livre blanc porte sur la valorisation des données numériques et de l’IA dans le bioalimentaire au Québec et comporte 6 parties: la pertinence des données numériques et de l’IA pour le bioalimentaire de l’avenir le portrait du secteur bioalimentaire au Québec les définitions des données numériques, de l’automatisation et de l’IA la description du processus de concertation des acteurs du bioalimentaire au Québec l’état des lieux de la valorisation des données numériques et de l’IA les pistes d’action préconisées par les acteurs concertés
Implantate in Kontakt mit anderem Gewebe als Knochen
Authors: Szmukler­-Moncler Serge , Davarpanah Mithridade , Davarpanah Keyvan , Rajzbaum Philippe , Capelle­-Ouadah Nedjoua , Demurashvili Georgy
Published: March 2024

In diesem Artikel soll ein Fall vorgestellt werden, der mithilfe eines neuen Ansatzes behandelt wurde: die Schliessung einer vorderen Zahnlücke im Oberkiefer aufgrund eines verlagerten Eck­zahns. Dieser Ansatz ist minimalinvasiv, aber er steht im Gegensatz zu den gegenwärtig akzep­tierten Paradigmen. Das Protokoll zeigt das Einsetzen eines Implantats ohne vorherige Entfernung des verlagerten Eck­ zahns. Auf diese Weise durchdringt das Implantat den verlagerten Eckzahn auf beiden Seiten.Es wurden keine besonderen postoperativen Schmerzen beobachtet. Bei der ersten Jahres­ Kontrolle ist das Implantat klinisch stabil, das Weichgewebe ist in zufriedenstellendem Zustand, und die Röntgenkontrolle gibt zu keinem speziellen Kommentar Anlass. Dieses Protokoll, für das die Inklusions­ und Exklusionskriterien noch zu definieren sind, ver­ stösst gegen die implizite Auffassung, keine andere Implantatschnittstelle als die Schnittstelle Kno­ chen­Implantat zu akzeptieren. Vor einer all­ gemeinen Verwendung ist diese Art von Protokoll unbedingt umfassend zu dokumentieren. Es legt jedoch nahe, dass einige gängige Paradigmen in der Implantationsmedizin noch Veränderungen erfahren können. Auch nach 30 Jahren klinischer Praxis tauchen immer noch neue Perspektiven auf.
Schablonengeführte Implantologie mit der Open-Access-Software smop
Authors: Kurt Beat R.
Published: March 2024

Die schablonengeführte Umsetzung der virtuellen Operationsplanung hat sich in den vergangenen Jahren zu einem praxisgerechten Hilfsmittel für die Insertion von Implantaten entwickelt. Der Autor dieses Artikels ist in einer Privatpraxis als Oralchirurg niedergelassen. Er beschäftigt sich seit vielen Jahren mit dem Thema «navigierte Implantologie» und stand bei einigen wichtigen Produktentwicklungen beratend zur Seite. In die- sem Artikel möchte er darstellen, welche Vorteile er zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt in der navigierten Implantologie sieht und wann seiner Meinung nach der konventionelle Weg vorzuziehen ist.
Digitale Volumentomographie und Strahlenbelastung
Authors: Berg Britt-­Isabelle , Gertsch Anja , Zeilhofer Hans-­Florian , Schwenzer­-Zimmerer Katja , Berg Scott , Hassfeld Stefan , Jürgens Philipp
Published: March 2024

Die digitale Volumentomographie (DVT) wird in der zahnmedizinischen Bildgebung immer häu­figer verwendet. In den vergangenen Jahren wurde eine Vielzahl von DVT­Geräten in Schweizer Zahnarztpraxen installiert. Das Ziel dieser Unter­suchung ist es, mittels eines Fragebogens den Kenntnisstand der Zahnärzte über Gerätetechnik, rechtliche Hintergründe und Strahlenexposition abzufragen und Einblicke in die Indikationsstel­lung sowie Untersuchungsfrequenz zu gewinnen. Hierzu wurden 1000 Fragebögen entweder aus­ gegeben oder per Post verschickt (ein portofreies Antwortcouvert lag bei). 278 Zahnärzte retour­nierten den Fragebogen. Deskriptive Statistiken sowie Korrelationen wurden durchgeführt. Die meisten Zahnärzte waren gut über die Strahlen­belastung und die Verwendung der DVT informiert und waren motiviert, ihr Wissen noch zu vertiefen.
Eine ungewöhnliche Stafne-Kavität - Mehrkammerige Knochenläsion mit bukkaler Auftreibung.
Authors: Schneider Thomas , Filo Katharina , Stadlinger Bernd , Locher Michael , Kruse Astrid L. , Lübbers Heinz-Theo
Published: March 2024

Stafne-Kavitäten werden in der Literatur gehäuft bei männlichen Patienten im Alter zwischen 50 und 70 Jahren beschrieben. Sie sind typischer- weise unilateral, im distalen Unterkiefer liegend, mit Anteilen der Glandula submandibularis gefüllt und lingual offen. Dieser Fallbericht beschreibt einen Patienten, der zur weiteren Abklärung in unsere Klinik überwiesen wurde. Die Überweisung erfolgte aufgrund einer mehrkammerigen Kavität im Bereich des rechten Unterkiefers, die im Orthopantomogramm eine mesio-distale Ausdehnung von 24 mm hatte. Erst nach weiteren Bildgebungen mittels Digitaler Volumentomografie und Magnetresonanztomografie konnte die Diagnose gesichert werden. Dies basierend auf einem mit Speicheldrüsen-, Fett- und lymphatischen Gewebe gefüllten Hohlraum, welcher nach lingual nicht knöchern begrenzt war. Typische diagnostische Kriterien einer Stafne-Kavität. Die vermuteten Ätiologien und Differenzialdiagnosen werden diskutiert.
Orthodontic retention procedures in Switzerland
Authors: Lai Caroline S. , Grossen Johannes M. , Renkema Anne-Marie , Bronkhorst Ewald , Fudalej Piotr S. , Katsaros Christos
Published: March 2024

Objective: To survey retention procedures used in orthodontic practices in Switzerland.
Material and methods: A questionnaire previously developed by Renkema et al. (2009) was sent to 223 Swiss orthodontists. The questionnaire comprised six parts, mainly containing multiple-choice questions. Information as to background education of the individual orthodontist, retention in general, frequency of different types of removable or bonded retainers that were used, retention pro- tocol, and the type and size of the wire used for bonded retainers was assessed.
Results: The overall response rate was 65 percent. Most orthodontists placed a bonded retainer in the upper and lower arch, except when the upper arch was expanded during treatment or when extractions were performed in the upper arch, in which case they placed a combination of fixed and removable retainers. Opinions varied with regard to how many hours the removable retainers should be worn and the duration of the retention phase. As far as bonded retainers were concerned, 87 percent of the orthodontists preferred life-long retention. Ninety-three percent of the orthodontists considered that the development of a guide- line on retention procedures would be useful.
Conclusions: The choice of retention procedures is mostly based on orthodontists personal preference. A further research into the long-term effectiveness of individual retention protocols is needed.
Ophthalmologic complications after intraoral local anesthesia
Authors: Von Arx Thomas , Lozanoff Scott , Zinkernagel Martin
Published: March 2024

Introduction: The first ophthalmologic complication in conjunction with a dental anesthesia was reported in 1936. The objective of the present study was a detailed analysis of case reports about that topic.
Material and methods: After conducting a literature search in PubMed this study analyzed 108 ophthalmologic complications following intraoral local anesthesia in 65 case reports with respect to patient-, anesthesia-, and complication- related factors.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 33.8 years and females predominated (72.3%). The most commonly reported complication was diplopia (39.8%), mostly resulting from paralysis of the lateral rectus muscle. Other relatively frequent complications included ptosis (16.7%), mydriasis (14.8%) and amaurosis (13%). Ophthalmologic complications were mainly associated with block anesthesia of the inferior alveolar nerve (45.8%) or the posterior superior alveolar nerve (40.3%). Typically, the ophthalmologic complications in conjunction with intraoral local anesthesia had an immediate to short onset, and disappeared as the anesthesia subsided.
Discussion and conclusion: The increased number of ophthalmologic complications after intraoral local anesthesia in females may suggest a gender effect. Double vision (diplopia) is the most frequently described complication, which is usually completely reversible like the other reported ophthalmologic complications.
Antibacterial potential of Manuka honey against three oral bacteria in vitro
Authors: Schmidlin Patrick R. , English Helen , Duncan Warwick , Belibasakis Georgios N. , Thurnheer Thomas
Published: March 2024

Honey is an ancient natural remedy for the treatment of infected wounds. It has regained attention in the medical profession, as it has recently been reported to have a broad-spectrum inhibitory effect against bacteria. Data concerning Manuka honey of New Zealand origin, which is claimed to provide additional non-peroxide antimicrobial activity (so-called standard NPA) against oral pathogens, is still scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to screen for the antibacterial efficacy of different Manuka honey products against S. mutans (OMZ 918), P. gingivalis (OMZ 925) and A. actinomycetemcomitans (OMZ 299). Chlorhexidine and saline served as positive and negative controls, respectively, whereas a Swiss multifloral honey served as control honey without intrinsic non-peroxide activity. Chlorhexidine showed the highest inhibiting potential against all specimens tested. Manuka honey below an NPA value of 15 showed the least bacterial growth-inhibiting potential, even less  although not significantly so  than multifloral Swiss honey. Manuka honey above an NPA value of 15 showed a significantly higher antibacterial effect compared to the other honeys tested. All Manuka honey preparations were more effective in inhibiting the growth of P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans, rather than S. mutans. In conclusion, the study showed an NPA dose-dependent antibacterial efficacy of Manuka honey. Further investigations of this natural product are now open for scrutiny.
Enamel pearls
Authors: Schaffner Markus , Stich Herrmann , Lussi Adrian
Published: March 2024

Enamel pearls are paraplasia. This refers to the formation of enamel at an atypical localisation. Enamel pearls are roundish or crescent-shaped structures. They are most frequently found in the root area of deciduous molars and molars. A distinction is made between true and compound enamel pearls.
prepCheck computergestützte objektive Beurteilung von Zahnpräparationen im Simulationslabor
Authors: Lenherr Patrik , Marinello Carlo P.
Published: March 2024

Durch Verwendung von Selbstevaluations-Apps wie prepCheck ist es möglich. zahnärztliche Präparationen objektiv auf ihre Korrektheit zu beurteilen. Dies geschieht durch eine Überlagerung der zu beurteilenden Präparation mit einer Ideal- situation. Dadurch wird der Lehrkörper – nach einem gewissen initialen zeitlichen Mehraufwand während der Einführungsphase – entlastet von der direkten Betreuungszeit während der Kurse im Simulationslabor. Die Studierenden können selbstständig und objektiv ihre Präparationen ohne Assistenz durch diese Software beurteilen lassen. Der Aufwand ist im Verhältnis zum Ertrag im Moment noch gross. Wünschenswert wäre das Erfassen der Präparation mit nur einem Scanvorgang anstelle von drei Schritten (Präparation, Bissnahme, Gegenkiefer). Die prepCheck-Soft- ware ist anwenderfreundlich und wird in Zukunft im Rahmen der Ausbildung eine entscheidende Unterstützung bei der Beurteilung von studentischen Präparationen darstellen.
SADMFR guidelines for the use of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/ Digital Volume Tomography
Authors: Dula Karl , Bornstein Michael M. , Buser Daniel , Dagassan- Berndt Dorothea , Ettlin Dominik A. , Filippi Andreas , Gabioud François , Katsaros Christos , Krastl Gabriel , Lambrecht J. Thomas , Lauber Roland , Luebbers Heinz-Theo , Pazera Pawel , Türp Jens C.
Published: March 2024

Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) has been introduced in 1998. This radiological imaging procedure has been provided for dentistry and is comparable to computed tomography (CT) in medicine. It is expected that CBCT will have the same success in dental diagnostic imaging as computed tomography had in medicine. Just as CT is responsible for a significant rise in radiation dose to the population from medical X-ray diagnostics, CBCT studies will be accompanied by a significant increase of the dose to our patients by dentistry. Because of the growing concern for an uncritical and consequently rapidly increasing use of CBCT the Swiss Society of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology convened a first consensus conference in 2011 to formulate indications for CBCT, which can be used as guidelines. In this meeting, oral and maxillofacial surgery, orthodontics and temporomandibular joint disorders and diseases were treated and the most important and most experienced users of DVT in these areas were asked to participate. In general, a highly restrictive use of CBCT is required. Justifying main criterion for CBCT application is that additional, therapy-relevant information is expected that should lead to a significant benefit in patient care. All users of CBCT should have completed a structured, high-level training, just like that offered by the Swiss Society of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology.
Ophthalmologische Komplikationen und Lokalanästhesie
Authors: Von Arx Thomas , Lozanoff Scott , Zinkernagel Martin
Published: March 2024

Dieser Fortbildungsartikel berichtet über die ver­schiedenen Formen von ophthalmologischen Komplikationen nach zahnärztlicher Lokalanäs­thesie. Seit der Erstbeschreibung durch Brain 1936 erschienen in der Literatur immer wieder Fallberichte zu dieser Thematik. Klinische Studien zur Evaluation der Inzidenz von ophthalmologi­ schen Komplikationen nach intraoraler Lokal­ anästhesie sind jedoch kaum vorhanden. Bis­ herige Angaben deuten auf eine Häufigkeit von 0,03% bis 0,13%. Die in der Literatur am häu­figsten genannten ophthalmologischen Kompli­ kationen sind Diplopie (Doppelbilder), Ptosis (Herunterhängen des Oberlides) sowie Mydriasis (Weitstellung der Pupille). Veränderungen, die nicht das Auge direkt, sondern periorbitale Struk­turen betreffen, sind die Fazialisparese und die periorbitale Ischämie (Vasospasmus). Interessant sind die in der Literatur diskutierten pathophy­siologischen Mechanismen bzw. Ursachen. Im Vordergrund steht eine versehentliche intravasale Applikation des Lokalanästhetikums. Über Arte­rien oder Venen kann sowohl der Wirkstoff wie auch der Vasokonstriktor zur Orbita bzw. zu Orbita­nahen Strukturen gelangen (z.B. Sinus cavernosus) mit nachfolgender Anästhesie von Nerven und Muskeln fernab der Mundhöhle. In der Regel treten die ophthalmologischen Komplika­tionen rasch nach Durchführung der Lokalanäs­thesie auf und verschwinden wieder nach Abklin­gen der Lokalanästhesie.
Knowledge of different medical and dental professional groups in Switzerland about halitosis
Authors: Roth Barbara , Oppliger Nathalie , Filippi Andreas
Published: March 2024

Although halitosis is a widespread condition, it is still seen as too personal or embarrassing to talk about. The cause of real halitosis can be intraoral or extraoral. In order to determine the level of knowledge of health care providers in Switzerland, a survey was conducted over a period of three years in which 150 family physicians, 150 ear, nose and throat specialists, 154 dentists and 151dental hygienists were personally interviewed. The survey shows that only 46.7% of the dentists and only 47.0% of the dental hygienists are consulted by patients for their halitosis, whereas 58.0% of the family physicians and 50.7% of the ENT specialists reported treating 1–10 patients for halitosis per year, while 46.7% of the ENT doctors even reported treating 11–100 patients for halitosis per year. 81.5% of all interviewed doctors and dental hygienists were of the opinion that halitosis mainly originates intraorally. 76.0% of the dentists and 72.8% of the dental hygienists as well as 33.3% of the family physicians recommend periodontitis therapy as halitosis treatment. This proves that a large percentage of medical professionals thinks that marginal periodontitis is the most common cause of halitosis. This study also shows that patients seek first consultations with dentists and dental hygienists less often than with family physicians and ENT specialists, despite the fact that the cause of halitosis is primarily intraoral.
Prothetische Rehabilitation bei Teil- bezahnung: fest sitzend – abnehmbar – kombiniert? Metallkeramik – Voll- keramik? Implantate? Alles ist möglich!
Authors: Schnabl Dagmar
Published: March 2024

Zwei teilbezahnte Patientinnen wurden nach sorgfältiger Diagnose, prothetischer Planung und Vorbehandlung mit teilweise fest sitzendem, teilweise abnehmbarem Zahnersatz versorgt. Je nach ästhetischen und funktionellen Erforder- nissen kamen dabei Voll- und/oder Metallkeramik sowie Modellgussprothesen mit Klammern bzw. Geschieben zum Einsatz.
CEOT – Kalzifizierende Veränderungen im zahnärztlichen Röntgenbild
Authors: Lanzer Martin , Yildirim Ayhan , Kruse Astrid L. , Grätz Klaus , Lübbers Heinz-Theo
Published: March 2024

Der kalzifizierende epitheliale odontogene Tumor (CEOT) ist eine primär benigne Tumor-Entität, welche zumeist im Bereich der Molaren im Unterkiefer auftritt, und dort lokal expansiv, und nur selten lokal destruierend wächst. Aufgrund der sehr geringen Inzidenz (schätzungsweise vier Fälle pro Jahr weltweit) ist die Diagnose des CEOT sehr schwierig, wenn man nicht auf histologische Untersuchungen zurückgreifen kann. Da der CEOT auch nur rund ein Prozent aller odontogenen Tumore ausmacht, ist der CEOT als Differentialdiagnose zumeist übersehen und stellt sich meist als «Zufallsbefund» nach dem pathologischen Ergebnis dar. Anhand eines Case-Reports wird die Entität «CEOT» vorgestellt, und die wahrscheinlichsten Nebendiagnosen werden besprochen.
Oral health and dental care of elderly adults dependent on care
Authors: Baumgartner Willy , Schimmel Martin , Müller Frauke
Published: March 2024

The increase in life expectancy in Switzerland is posing new challenges, as more and more people are becoming dependent on care, both at home and in long-term care facilities. The dental profession must deal with patients retaining their own teeth until later in life with an increased incidence and severity of caries and periodontal diseases. The association between general and oral health is becoming important, particularly in older people with medical conditions. Aspiration pneumonia can develop as a result of pathogenic bacteria descending from the oral cavity to the bronchoalveolar system, which presents a frequent, potentially life-threatening danger. By adapting care and treatment concepts, the masticatory ability can be preserved or restored, which in turn helps preventing malnutrition. Other aims include preventing infections as well as maintaining subjective well- being and an attractive dental appearance. Care standards should be defined for the provision of oral-health related dentistry for the vulnerable population of the care-dependent adults. These should be implemented by an interdisciplinary care team composed of nursing personnel, long-term care facility managers, Spitex staff, physicians, dentists as well as dental assistants and hygienists.
Paradigmawechsel zugunsten einer besseren oralen Gesundheit im Alter
Authors: E. Besimo Christian
Published: March 2024

Die Alterszahnmedizin versteht sich nach wie vor als ein Fach, das sich schwergewichtig mit der Betreuung höheraltriger Menschen in der 4. Le- bensphase befasst, in der die Betroffenen in fortgeschrittenem Masse hilfs- und pflegebedürftig sind und in der Regel in einer Institution leben. Trotz den zahlreichen Anstrengungen, die bereits unternommen wurden, hat sich der orale Gesundheitszustand dieser Menschen nicht wirklich verbessert. Der Grund hierfür ist darin zu suchen, dass die Ursachen der oralen Erkrankungen, mit welchen wir uns in Institutionen konfrontiert sehen, bereits wesentlich früher, nämlich in der sogenannten 3. Lebensphase, auftreten, in der die älteren Menschen zu Hause leben und ihren Alltag selbstständig bzw. mehr oder weniger unterstützt bewältigen. Die in dieser Lebensphase auftreten- den oralen Problemstellungen stehen in engem Zusammenhang mit der Zunahme chronischer gesundheitlicher und in der Folge auch sozialer Herausforderungen, die die zahnmedizinische Betreuungsfähigkeit deutlich zu beeinträchtigen vermögen. Ohne Berücksichtigung dieser bereits im 3. Lebensalter auftretenden Gesundheitsrisiken, u.a. durch ein systematisches medizinisches und soziales Screening alternder Menschen in der zahnärztlichen Praxis, wird es kaum gelingen, die Mundgesundheit der zu Hause und infolgedessen auch die der in Institutionen lebenden älteren Menschen zu verbessern.
SADMFR Guidelines for the Use of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/Digital Volume Tomography
Authors: Dula Karl , Benic Goran I. , Bornstein Michael , Dagassan-Berndt Dorothea , Filippi Andreas , Hicklin Stefan , Kissling-Jeger Franziska , Luebbers Heinz-Theo , Sculean Anton , Sequeira-Byron Patrick , Walter Clemens , Zehnder Matthias
Published: March 2024

In 2011, the first consensus conference on guidelines for the use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was convened by the Swiss Society of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology (SGDMFR). This conference covered topics of oral and maxillofacial surgery, temporomandibular joint dysfunctions and disorders, and orthodontics. In 2014, a second consensus conference was convened on guidelines for the use of CBCT in endodontics, periodontology, reconstructive dentistry and pediatric dentistry. The guidelines are intended for all dentists in order to facilitate the decision as to when the use of CBCT is justified. As a rule, the use of CBCT is considered restrictive, since radiation protection reasons do not allow its routine use. CBCT should therefore be reserved for complex cases where its application can be expected to provide further information that is relevant to the choice of therapy. In periodontology, sufficient information is usually available from clinical examination and periapical radiographs; in endodontics alternative methods can often be used instead of CBCT; and for implant patients undergoing reconstructive dentistry, CT is of interest for the workflow from implant planning to the superstructure. For pediatric dentistry no application of CBCT is seen for caries diagnosis.
Wound management and the use of mouth rinse in mandibular third molar surgery. A survey among Swiss dentists
Authors: Vlcek Daniel , Razavi Amir , Kuttenberger Johannes J.
Published: March 2024

The aim of this survey was to assess the knowledge and practice of Swiss dentists regarding wound management and the use of mouth rinse in surgical removal of mandibular third molars (MTM). A postal survey was conducted among all 3,288 dentists who are members of the Swiss Dental Society (SSO) representing the majority of dentists in Switzerland. The questionnaire consisted of 13 questions with mostly multiple-choice answers. Demographic profile, surgical experience, the use of antibiotics, and wound management, i.e. wound closure and the use of mouth rinse were assessed. The response rate was 55%. Semi-closed (59.1%), closed (19%) and open wound management (11.7%) were applied most often. Semi-closed wound management was preferred in the German-speaking region (67%) and closed wound management was preferred in the French-speaking region (55%). For semi-closed wound healing, drains impregnated with terra-cortril (42%) and iodoform-Vaseline (40%) were used. For closed wound management, most dentists reported leaving the wound to heal with the blood clot only (60.5%). Most dentists (74.5%) prescribed chlorhexidine 0.2% (CHX) mouth rinse when performing MTM surgery and a combination of immediate preoperative and postoperative use was preferred. Semi-closed wound management with drain and CHX mouth rinse is frequently used in Switzerland in the perioperative management in MTM surgery. It is a well-documented procedure leading to favourable outcomes without using any systemic antibiotics. However, wound management techniques differ between the three linguistic regions.
Fallpräsentation: Kiefergelenk- beschwerden als erstes Zeichen einer malignen Erkrankung
Authors: Pretzl Christine , Lübbers Heinz-Theo , Grätz Klaus W. , Kruse Astrid L.
Published: March 2024

Hintergrund: Beschwerden im Bereich der Kiefergelenke sind ein häufiges Symptom; jedoch ist eine Metastase als Ursache eine Rarität. Fallbericht: Ein 65-Jähriger wurde im September 2012 am Universitätsspital Zürich, Klinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie, vorstellig mit den Symptomen einer präaurikulären Schwellung und einer mentalen Hypästhesie der betroffenen Seite. Nach gründlicher klinischer Untersuchung sowie additionaler Diagnostik mittels Bildgebung und schliesslich Feinnadelpunktion konnte die Diagnose einer Kiefergelenk- metastase als Ableger eines bereits multipel metastasierten Prostatakarzinoms gesichert werden. Schlussfolgerung: Bei Kiefergelenkbeschwerden und gleichzeitigem Bestehen einer malignen Grunderkrankung, Schwellung, eventuell in Kombination mit Nachtschweiss und Gewichtsverlust, sollte als Differenzialdiagnose das Vorliegen einer Kiefergelenkmetastase in Betracht gezogen werden.
Prevention of dental accidents in Swiss boxing clubs
Authors: Ifkovits Tatjana , Kühl Sebastian , Connert Thomas , Krastl Gabriel , Dagassan-Berndt Dorothea , Filippi Andreas
Published: March 2024

Boxing involves a high risk of dental trauma due to the impact of enormous external forces against the head. Wearing a mouthguard is, therefore, mandatory. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of dental trauma as well as the utilization and quality of mouthguards in Swiss boxing clubs. In order to achieve this, data on the mouthguards of 217 boxers in total were collected using questionnaires and examination forms, which were statistically evaluated. Out of the 217 boxers, 75 (34.6%) had already experienced a dental accident, but only 8 (10.7%) of them while practicing their sport. Professional boxers were most frequently affected by dental trauma (p = 0.001). Crown fractures were most often observed, followed by tooth dislocations. All interviewed athletes owned a mouthguard, which they used much more consistently during full-contact sparring (practice fighting) than during regular partner exercises. Most of the boxers used prefabricated mouthguards, which could be individually adapted using the boil and bite system. The majority of the athletes received their mouthguards from the boxing club. Impaired speaking when wearing a mouthguard was, by far, the problem most frequently mentioned by the athletes. In terms of these bothering factors, custom-made mouthguards from dentists received the best rating (p = 0.002). The quality of the mouthguard was assessed by evaluating the following criteria: coverage of the buccolabial surface, occlusal support of the opposing dentition, thickness of the occlusal layer, and rounded edges. Of the 215 mouthguards examined, 193 (89.8%) were insufficient (p = 0.002). Despite the observed deficiencies, only a few dental injuries occurred during boxing. This study shows that although basic preventive measures do exist in Swiss boxing, they should be improved substantially by providing better instruction and more information.
Überzählige Zähne im Ober­- und Unterkiefer – eine interdisziplinäre Herausforderung
Authors: Mossaz Jessica , Suter Valerie G. A. , Katsaros Christos , Bornstein Michael M.
Published: March 2024

Eine korrekte Lokalisierung der überzähligen Zähne ist für die Diagnostik, die Behandlungs­planung und besonders vor zahnärztlich­-chirur­gischen Eingriffen von grosser Bedeutung. Tradi­tionell wurden überzählige Zähne mithilfe von zweidimensionalen (2­D) Röntgenbildern wie Panoramaschichtaufnahmen, Fernröntgenbildern oder intraoralen Röntgenbildern (oft auch okklu­sale Aufnahmen) abgeklärt. Mit der Einführung der digitalen Volumentomografie (DVT) wird diese Technik der dreidimensionalen (3­D) Bild­gebung nun auch vermehrt bei überzähligen Zähnen zur Lagebestimmung und Diagnostik von Wurzelresorptionen an benachbarten Zäh­nen empfohlen. Der Therapieplan hängt von diversen Faktoren ab, besonders aber vom Zeit­punkt der Diagnose, dem Alter des Patienten, von der Position des überzähligen Zahnes und auch eventuellen Komplikationen. Im vorliegen­ den zweiten Teil der Übersichtsarbeit zu überzähligen Zähnen im Ober­- und Unterkiefer wer­den anhand der aktuellen Literatur besonders die Diagnostik und die therapeutischen Konzepte aufgezeigt und diskutiert.
Nicht übertragbare Krankheiten und ihre Bedeutung für die Zahnmedizin
Authors: Türp Jens Christoph , Spranger Heinz
Published: March 2024

Nicht übertragbare Krankheiten (NCDs), wie Herz-Kreislauf- und Atemwegerkrankungen, Malignome und Diabetes mellitus, zeichnen weltweit für die meisten Todesfälle verantwortlich. Angesichts der steigenden Prävalenz der NCDs und ihrer Langzeitfolgen kommt ihrer Prävention eine hohe gesundheitspolitische Priorität zu. In diesem Prozess spielt die Zahnmedizin eine wichtige Rolle. Da oralen und mundhöhlenfernen Krankheiten gemeinsame Risikofaktoren (z.B. mangelhafte Mundhygiene, ungesunde Ernährung, Alkoholmissbrauch, Tabakkonsum, Dis- stress) zugrunde liegen, kann mithilfe präventiver Massnahmen nicht nur Krankheiten wie Karies, Parodontopathien und oralen Tumoren, sondern auch allgemeinmedizinischen NCDs vorgebeugt werden. Mit Anerkennung dieser Zusammenhänge durch die Weltgesundheitsorganisation und die Generalversammlung der Vereinten Nationen ergibt sich für die Zahnmedizin ein von höchster internationaler politischer Stelle unterstützter gesamtmedizinischer und zugleich sozialer Auftrag, bei dem die Beachtung der Prinzipien der evidenzbasierten (Zahn-)Medizin eine wichtige Rolle spielt. Gleichzeitig bietet sich Gelegenheit einer kritischen Reflexion über die der- zeitige und künftige inhaltliche Ausrichtung der Zahnmedizin.
Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit: Antibiotika, Spülungen und Pasten
Authors: Fatori Popovic Sandra , Lübbers Heinz-Theo , Von Mandach Ursula
Published: March 2024

Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, Aspekte der zahnärztlichen Behandlung in der Schwangerschaft aufzuzeigen. Der Leser soll Sicherheit in der Wahl der richtigen Medikamente für die Antibiotikatherapie und Spüllösungen gewinnen. Antibiotika wie Penicilline sind die erste Wahl bei Zahninfektionen in der Schwangerschaft. Bei allergischen Patienten können Makrolide eine Alternative sein. Wund- und Mundspüllösungen, die Chlorhexidin enthalten, sollten in der Schwangerschaft bevorzugt werden. Ledermix® in der endodontischen Behandlung sollte bei Schwangeren vermieden werden. Solcoseryl® kann zur Wundheilung verwendet werden.Zahnärztliche Eingriffe sollten nach der Entbindung und nach der Stillzeit verschoben werden.
L’agrégat de trioxyde minéral (MTA) en chirurgie apicale
Authors: Von Arx Thomas
Published: March 2024

La chirurgie apicale est indiquée lorsqu’une révision du traitement de canal s’avère difficile, comporte des risques, ou encore lorsqu’elle est rejetée par le patient. Dans la plupart des cas, la cause des pathologies apicales récurrentes réside dans la réinfection bactérienne du (reste) du système canalaire radiculaire; il est donc essentiel que l’obturation rétrograde du canal radiculaire soit totalement étanche aux bactéries. Au début des années 1990, un agrégat de trioxyde minéral ou MTA (Mineral Trioxide Aggregate) a été développé à l’Université Loma Linda en Californie, USA. Dans les études précliniques, il s’est avéré rapidement que le MTA présente une étanchéité remarquable. En expérimentation animale, plusieurs études ont montré notamment que le MTA bénéficie d’une excellente tolérance tissulaire. En outre, les coupes histologiques de la région périapicale après obturation rétrograde avec le MTA ont montré très souvent une néoformation de cément, non seulement sur la surface de résection dentinaire, mais aussi directement sur ce matériau d’obturation. Pour cette raison, le MTA est considéré comme un matériau bioactif. En 1997, le MTA a été admis pour une utilisation cli- nique sur le patient. Plusieurs études cliniques prospectives randomisées ont documenté les taux de succès constamment élevés de la chirurgie apicale lorsque les obturations avaient été réalisées avec du MTA.
L929 fibroblast bioassay on the in vitro toxicity of SnCl2, H3PO4, Clearfil SE primer and combinations thereof
Authors: Schlueter Nadine , Lussi Adrian , Ganss Carolina , Gruber Reinhard
Published: March 2024

Stannous chloride (SnCl(2), 35%) can increase microtensile bond strength between a self-etching adhesive and dental hard tissue either alone or in combination with phosphoric acid (H(3)PO(4), 35%). Whereas cell toxicity of H(3)PO(4) has been sufficiently investigated, little is known about the toxicity of concentrated SnCl(2). The present study determined the in vitro toxicity of SnCl(2), H(3)PO(4), the primer of a self-etching adhesive (Clearfil SE) and combinations thereof at three concentrations (0.01%0.3%) in a L929 fibroblast bioassay. Cell viability was determined by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, the integrity of cell membranes was visualised by trypan blue staining (cell necrosis assay). Cell viability was impaired at concentrations between 0.09% and 0.13% for SnCl(2), between 0.06% and 0.09% for H(3)PO(4), and between 0.19% and 0.29% for Clearfil SE primer. Combinations of agents showed additive toxic effects. SnCl(2) showed a slightly lower but comparable in vitro toxicity to H(3)PO(4), which gives a perspective for further in vitro, in situ and clinical studies on this issue, and for the intraoral use of SnCl(2) to increase bond strength between an adhesive system and both enamel and dentine.
Survey of Oral Health Awareness in Neuchâtel 9th Graders
Authors: Neuhaus Klaus W , Müller Magali E , Lussi Adrian
Published: March 2024

The oral health habits of pupils had not yet been analyzed for the canton of Neuchâtel. A questionnaire was provided to 9th grade high school pupils (final year) of the three schools located in the Neuchâtel area to asses both oral health knowledge and habits in this connection. The average age was 15.5±0.8 years, and 78.1% of the questionnaires were returned. The prophylaxis program was conducted for a total of 4.5 h during pupils entire time at school. The results showed that both knowledge and oral health habits could be improved. As a positive outcome, 99% of the pupils brush their teeth before going to bed. Comparisons with similar 10-year-old studies from other cantons (Bern, Vaud) showed major differences in knowledge, for example on the importance of fluoridation. Only 54% of the pupils in Neuchâtel knew that fluoride offers some protection against caries, in spite of the fact that 89% thought that brushing with fluoridated toothpaste protects against caries. Most of the pupils used a fluoridated toothpaste. Furthermore, we found that self-reported sugar consumption was correlated with caries experience, but brushing frequency was not. We recommend introducing a review course for pupils in their last school year, in order to practice interdental cleaning, redefine appropriate, tooth-friendly snacks, and emphasize the importance of regular dental check-ups.
The effect of a chewing-intensive, high-fiber diet on oral halitosis. A clinical controlled study
Authors: Wälti Adrian , Lussi Adrian , Seemann Rainer
Published: March 2024

Tongue coating is the most common cause of oral halitosis and eating results in its reduction. Only limited data are available on the effect of different food items on tongue coating and halitosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a single consumption of food with high fiber content versus low fiber content on halitosis parameters. Based on a randomized clinical cross-over study, 20 subjects were examined over a period of 2.5 hours after consumption of a high-fiber and a low-fiber meal. The determination of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) was performed using a Halimeter, and the organoleptic assessment of halitosis was done on the basis of a distance index. The tongue coating was determined using a modified Winkel index, and the mouth sensation was evaluated subjectively by the subjects. In both the test and the control phase, a statistically significant reduction of all selected parameters was detected (p<0.05). Only for the organoleptic assessment of halitosis was a statistically significantly higher reduction found after consumption of a high-fiber meal compared to the control meal (p<0.05). In conclusion, the consumption of the meals in this study resulted in an at least 2.5-hour reduction of oral halitosis. The chewing-intensive (high-fiber) meal even resulted in a slightly higher reduction of oral halitosis in terms of organoleptic assessment (p<0.05).
Frequency of fissured tongue (lingua plicata) as a function of age
Authors: Feil Nadine D , Filippi Andreas
Published: March 2024

Fissured tongue (lingua plicata; LP) is a mostly asymptomatic condition characterized by grooves and fissures of varying depth on the dorsal surface of the tongue. Most reports in the literature indicate a prevalence of 1020%, although there is marked variation. On the basis of 1,000 patients (n=465 males, n=535 females), this study examined the association between LP and age as well as further influencing factors. Participants completed a questionnaire comprising information regarding gender, age, alcohol and tobacco consumption, possibly existing removable dentures, and potential mouth burning. Subsequently, photographs of the protruded tongue were taken and examined by two investigators regarding the presence of LP. Four degrees of severity of the condition were distinguished. Degrees of severity of LP as well as numbers of affected individuals increased as a function of age (p<0.001). LP occurred more frequently in males than females (p=0.0029). In addition, smoking exerted a positive influence on the prevalence (p<0.05), and a positive correlation appeared between mouth burning and LP (p<0.01).
Vertical root fractures of endodontically treated posterior teeth: A histologic analysis with clinical and radiographic correlates
Authors: Von Arx Thomas , Bosshardt Dieter
Published: March 2024

Vertical root fractures (VRFs) usually develop slowly, unnoticed by the patient until clinical signs and symptoms become apparent. In endodontically treated teeth, a VRF is a typical cause for extraction. The objective of the present study was the histologic analysis of VRFs in extracted, endodontically treated premolars and molars. In addition, clinical and radiographic findings of these VRF-affected teeth were retrospectively evaluated. Thirty extracted teeth with a clinically diagnosed VRF were embedded in methylmethacrylate. Serial ground sections (perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the root) were stained with toluidine blue and basic fuchsin. The specimens were photographed and assessed with regard to the vertical and horizontal extent as well as to the course of the VRF. Most VRFs ran from the cervical to the apical region (81.3%). In the axial plane, 50% of VRFs traversed the root completely from buccal to oral. Another 40.6% of VRFs were limited to the buccal root portion. 84.4% of the evaluated roots presented an isthmus. Overall, the VRF was associated with the isthmus in 56.3%, but bypassed the isthmus in 28.1%. The most frequently observed clinical findings included pain (in 60% of the evaluated cases), presence of a fistula (46.7%) and an isolated periodontal pocket with ≥6 mm probing depth (40%). A periapical radiolucency (53.3%) was the most frequent radiographic finding in VRFs. J-shape lesions were seen in eight cases (26.7%).