bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Dermatophytosis in a Tertiary Care Centre in Central India
Authors: Channe Nirmal , Tankhiwale Supriya S.
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND Mycoses are assuming greater significance both in developed and developing countries particularly due to advent of immunosuppressive drugs and diseases. Dermatophytosis is most common type of cutaneous fungal infections seen in man, though in past few decades non-dermatophytes are also assuming importance. Present study is undertaken to know the pattern of dermatophytosis from our region. METHODS An observational study was conducted on 150 samples of patients with complaints of superficial mycoses. Samples were processed for microscopy on potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount and culture on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA) with and without cycloheximide and chloramphenicol. Any growth was identified by conventional technique. RESULTS One hundred and fifty samples consisting of 86 skin and 64 nails were studied. Most samples were seen in rainy season and males were predominantly affected. Adults from age of 21 - 50 years were most commonly affected. Most common clinical presentation was tinea corporis (70.93 %). In dermatophytic causes, T. mentagrophytes (36.21 %), T. tonsurans (27.59 %) followed by T. rubrum (15.52 %) were common isolates. In non-dermatophytic causes, candida spp. followed by aspergillus spp. were commonest isolates. CONCLUSIONS Tinea corporis is found to be the commonest presentation. Along with dermatophytes, non-dermatophytic fungi are also emerging as the cause of superficial mycoses. In non-dermatophytic fungi, candida is the commonest species, which is now a days showing drug resistance; hence, identification of causative agent is important for correct and prompt treatment. KEY WORDS Dermatophytosis, Non-Dermatophytic Fungi, Dermatophytic Fungi
Correlation between Inflammatory Markers and Liver Enzymes in Patients with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Fajkic Almir , Musanovic Jasmin , Lepara Orhan , Music Miralem , Pepic Esad , Dzubur Alen , Dzubur Amela , Lisica Delila
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that is triggered by a terrifying event either experiencing it or witnessing it. Although the pathogenesis is still unknown, some researches indicate inflammatory background and liver dysfunction as a part of the disease. We wanted to determine inflammatory markers' levels and investigate the correlation with liver enzymes in PTSD patients. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 60 male subjects aged between 40 - 60 years. Subjects were divided into two groups: a group of veterans with combat exposure and PTSD according to DSM-IV criteria and a control group of healthy subjects without combat exposure. WBC count, leucocytes ratios, levels of inflammatory markers (C reactive protein- CRP, fibrinogen, and erythrocyte sedimentation rateESR), and liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase- AST, alanine aminotransferase- ALT, creatine kinase- CK, and gamma-glutamyl transferase- GGT) were determined in all respondents. RESULTS The concentrations of CRP, fibrinogen, ESR, platelet-lymphocyte ratio and monocytelymphocyte ratio in subjects with PTSD were statistically significantly higher than those in the control group. Levels of AST and GGT in PTSD subjects were statistically significantly higher than of those in the control group subjects. Statistically significant positive correlation was found between serum AST and CRP concentration (Rho = 0.416; P = 0.022), as well as GGT and CRP concentration (Rho = 0.395; P = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS Results indicate the relationship between liver pathology and inflammation in the complex pathogenesis of PTSD. These can be used in future researches and development of a new diagnostic approach and treatment that may lead to a longer lifespan of PTSD patients. KEY WORDS PTSD, Inflammation, Liver Enzymes
Impact of Exposure to Biomass Fuel on Pulmonary Function and Lung Age in Rural Women
Authors: Bolla Krishna Chaitanya , Raghu Yuvarani , Jayapalan Jenny , Narasimhan Meenakshi , Shanmuganathan Aruna , Ganga Nisha
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND Around half a million of people still rely on biomass fuels for cooking, which is a major source of household air pollution, associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Biomass smoke exposure is associated with airway obstruction and decreased ventilatory function. Though various studies are available in relation to biomass exposure and pulmonary function, literature is limited on lung age. Hence, the current study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of biomass fuel on pulmonary function and lung age in rural women and correlate biomass exposure index with the spirometry parameters and lung age. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted in rural areas of Tamilnadu. Around 350 women were screened and 100 women aged > 18 years with biomass exposure for at least five years and able to perform spirometry were selected for inclusion in the study. After obtaining consent, the subjects were evaluated further with detailed history and spirometry to record the lung function parameters and lung age. Biomass exposure index was calculated from hours spent in cooking per day multiplied with the years of cooking. RESULTS Mean age of the participants was 49.88 ± 10.76 years. 68 % had indoor kitchen with inadequate ventilation in 57 % of households. Majority of the women were housewives and belonged to the middle- and low-income groups. Around 19 % were symptomatic with cough and expectoration being predominant symptoms. Spirometry was abnormal in 83 % of the women and showed obstruction in majority. Mean forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), forced expiratory flow 25 - 75 % (FEF) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were reduced in the study population. A significant negative correlation was observed between the biomass exposure index (BEI) hour-years and FEV 1 and FEF 25 % - 75 %. A significant positive correlation was observed between BEI hours-year and lung age. CONCLUSIONS Majority of the women exposed to biomass fuel smoke, though asymptomatic, had abnormal lung function with increased lung age. Intensity of exposure as measured by biomass exposure index correlated significantly with FEV1, FEF 25 - 75 % and lung age. Hence, regular surveillance of the women using biomass fuel for cooking should be done for early identification of respiratory impairment. KEY WORDS Biomass Exposure, Biomass Fuel, Pulmonary Function, Lung Age, Biomass Exposure Index
K-Wire Fixation of Proximal Three Part Humerus Fractures - An Everlasting Result Oriented Technique
Authors: Varyani Amber
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND Proximal humerus (3rd) part fractures have always been posing great challenges to the orthopaedicians, due to extreme complexity involved in it, mainly, deformed muscular forces around fracture site, osteoporosis and non-affordability to new generation plates and screws etc. Ever since the inception of internal fixation, different approaches have been used, for proximal humerus (3rd) part fractures, like fixation with anatomically contoured locking plates with locking screws and nonlocking plates, hemi-arthroplasty, percutaneous k-wire etc. but only little had been compiled and recorded on such fractures. This study was conducted to evaluate and determine the efficacy of K-wire fixation in such fractures with supporting data to draw a clear-cut favourable conclusion over other methods of fixation of such fractures. METHODS 20 patients were included (matching our inclusion criteria), rest were treated differently and were excluded from the study. All fractures were classified in accordance with Neer classification. All patients were treated with K-wire fixation; only the number of K-wires differed from case to case. After their discharge from hospital, all patients were called for stringent review for 15, 30, 60, 90 days on half yearly and yearly basis. Final outcome was evaluated using constant Murley score. RESULTS The average union time was 22 weeks; the mean constant Murley’s score was 82 points. Only 3 post-operative complications were noted among all the 20 patients; these were, one mal-union and two cases of pin tract infection. Result was overwhelming success for us. The results of our study were extremely encouraging and in favour of K-wire fixation of such fractures. CONCLUSIONS K-wire fixation of proximal humerus [3rd part] fractures provide stable fixation of such fractures, with negligible post-operative complications and at an extremely cheap cost, easily affordable to average and low-income group patients with early discharge from the hospital, with very low intra operative blood loss and very low operative time, and exposure to C-arm machine. KEY WORDS Proximal Humerus [3rd] Part Fracture, Percutaneous K-Wire Fixation, Neer Classification, Greater Tuberosity
Role of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in Assessment of Head and Neck Lesions - A Study at a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Patel Jigna P. , Jansari Trupti R. , Chauhan Amit P. , Jasani Jasmin H.
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a rapid, economical and less invasive method used for diagnosis in case of head and neck lesions which are commonly seen in general practice. Aim was to assess advantage of using FNAC in case of diagnosis of palpable head and neck masses. We wanted to assess the prevalence and distribution of head and neck swellings diagnosed by FNAC, assess the frequency and distribution of various lesion as per the site, age, and gender as well as according to the lesion being benign or malignant. METHODS This was a retrospective study conducted among five hundred and forty-four patients who went through FNAC for different types of head and neck swellings evaluated for cytomorphology. RESULTS Majority of the patients belonged to the age group of 31 to 40 years. Out of 544 cases, maximum lesions were from lymph nodes 264, followed by thyroid gland 193, salivary gland 59, cheek lesions 18, post–auricular 8 and forehead / scalp lesions 2 cases respectively. CONCLUSIONS FNAC being extremely sensitive, specific and a reliable procedure for screening and primary diagnosis of palpable head and neck lesions, helps as an adjunct to histopathology. For surgical and radiological decisive purposes, to decide as to whether to resect a benign tumour or to plan extensive surgeries, FNAC helps in guiding the therapeutic management by avoiding unnecessary surgeries and expenses. KEY WORDS Head & Neck, Lymph Node, Goiter
Paediatric Dental Care in COVID-19 Pandemic - Time to Rethink - A Review
Authors: Pendyala Gowri Swaminatham , Joshi Sourabh Ramesh , Kale Priti , Phadnis Meghana Vasant , Mopagar Viddyasagar Prabhakar
Published: March 2021

Corona virus infection has affected many people and resulted in numerous deaths. SARS-CoV-2 is a novel strain of coronavirus that has not been recognized in humans earlier. The disease originated in China and has now become a pandemic affecting countries worldwide. The clinical characteristics in children seem to be milder as compared to adults, but the exact clinical features related COVID-19 are still unknown and unclear. This is the reason why a child can be considered as a “silent carrier” for COVID-19. The pandemic has affected the children as well. Children usually suffer from the most common oral disease of dental caries. Dental caries in children has been attributed to having its pathophysiology related in a cytokine response. In the recent COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse outcomes in children, though reported less, has been related to the establishment of a cytokine storm, the components of which are common with the cytokine expression profile of Dental caries and early childhood caries in children. Early carious lesions results in early involvement of dental pulp thereby resulting in periapical pathology. The open carious lesions can result in the direct entry of virus from saliva in the dental pulp of infected patients. The resulting periapical pathology contains viral load and hence virus enters the blood circulation. A dental setting is at a high risk of cross infection amid patients and dental practitioner’s owing to the spread of infection via droplets suspended in the air by infected symptomatic or asymptomatic subjects. This article informs about measures which reduce facility risk, manage symptomatic patients and protect personal health care and management with reference to pediatric dentistry. The antimicrobial therapy to be given to pediatric patients has been also highlighted in the present review. The clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children, though they are milder are given equal importance. Also this article reviews the precautions and guidelines to be followed by the dentists. The present article reviews the impact of Coronavirus infection on pediatric dental practice and gives the future recommendations. The present article also gives the future directions to the government which can considered if possible. KEY WORDS Children, COVID-19, Pediatric Dentistry
From PhD Thesis to Monograph
Authors: Deblasio Lisamarie
Published: March 2021

This essay provides a personal and reflective account of the process of adapting a PhD thesis, which was written for a panel of examiners to demonstrate academic competence, to a monograph, which in simple terms is written for a wide audience including students and academics with the aim of communicating ideas. It is hoped that this article provides insight to postdoctoral researchers who may be thinking about submitting a proposal to a publisher for adaptation of their PhD thesis to a monograph.

Keywords: thesis adaptation; monograph; academic publishers.
Niqabstyle: Media Sosial, Fashion, dan Kesalehan
Authors: Asnawi Sadid Halim , Sulaiman Akhmad
Published: March 2021

Tulisan ini mendeskripsikan tentang adanya sebuah diskursus baru pada media sosial, yakni kemunculan niqabstyle. Diskursus ini mewakili sebuah tren dimana perempuan-perempuan bercadar menampilkan dirinya di media sosial dengan gaya mereka masing-masing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap makna-makna di balik fenomena tersebut. Pengambilan data diawali dengan pengumpulan postingan-postingan terkumpul dalam #niqabstyle. Data telah terkumpul kemudian dikategorikan berdasarkan kriteria tertentu dan dianalisis dengan Semiotika Peirce. Analisis ini memperhatikan ground, representament, dan interpretant dari objek-objek yang dikaji. Sehinga ditemukan makna-makna yang ada di balik objek tersebut. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kemunculan #niqabstyle merupakan hasil dialektika antara komitmen untuk mempertahankan kesalehan dengan keinginan untuk tampil stylish dari para perempuan bercadar. Dialektika ini mendorong mereka untuk tampil stylish dengan tetap menggunakan cadar. Penampilan mereka yang seperti ini memiliki makna bahwa mereka tetap bias tampil modish dengan tetap mempertahankan komitmen mereka untuk menjadi wanita-wanita salehah.[This paper describes a new discourse on social media, namely the emergence of the niqab style. This discourse represents a trend where veiled women present themselves on social media in their own style. This study aims to reveal the meanings behind this phenomenon. Data collection begins with the collection of posts collected in #niqabstyle. The data has been collected and then categorized based on certain criteria and analyzed by Peirce's Semiotics. This analysis pays attention to the ground, representant, and interpretant of the objects being studied. The meanings behind the object are found. This research concludes that the appearance  of #niqabstyle is the dialectical result of the commitment to maintain piety and the desire to look stylish by veiled women. This dialectic encourages them to look stylish while still wearing the veil. Their appearance like this means that they can still appear modish while maintaining their commitment to becoming pious women.]
Trafficking Woman and Child: Kajian Terhadap Hadis-Hadis Tentang Perdagangan Manusia
Authors: Humairoh Siti Zakiyatul
Published: March 2021

Trafficking merupakan kejahatan yang sudah terjadi sejak zaman jahiliyah. Perdagangan perempuan dan anak-anak sering kali ditemukan, karena perempuan dan anak-anak dianggap kaum yang lemah dan kerap kali terpinggirkan. Faktor kemiskinan yang menimpa perempuan-perempuan dan anak-anak yang ada di desa merupakan penyebab terbesar terjadinya perdagangan perempuan dan anak-anak, sehingga banyak oknum yang memanfaatkan keberadaan mereka. Oleh sebab itu penulis mengkaji hadis-hadis yang berhubungan dengan perdagangan manusia yaitu dengan menggunakan pendekatan historis dan bahasa. Secara eksplisit tidak ditemukan hadis-hadis yang melarang perdagangan perempuan dan anak-anak, namun penulis menganalisis hadis-hadis mengenai perbudakan dan hadis-hadis lain yang relevan yang mengarah pada pelarangan perdagangan perempuan dan anak-anak. Kajian hadis tentang trafficking woman and child kebanyakan dihubungkan dengan perbudakan, karena pada zaman jahiliyah perdagangan perempuan dan anak-anak kebanyakan adalah untuk dijadikan budak, bahkan mereka dijual untuk melakukan perbuatan-perbuatan yang sangat kotor. Hal ini juga terjadi pada zaman sekarang. Banyak perempuan dan anak-anak yang dijual untuk memenuhi nafsu laki-laki, karena itu penulis berusaha mengkaji hadis yang berhubungan dengan trafficking woman and child.[Trafficking is a crime that has occurred since the time of ignorance. Trafficking of women and children is often found, as women and children are considered weak and often marginalized. The poverty factor that affects women and children in the village is the greatest cause of trafficking of women and children, so many persons are utilizing their existence. Therefore, the authors examine traditions related to human trafficking by using historical approach and language approach. There are explicitly no traditions that prohibit trafficking of women and children, but the authors analyze the hadiths regarding slavery and other relevant traditions that lead to the banning of trafficking of women and children. The study of hadith about the trafficking of women and child is mostly associated with slavery, for in the days of ignorance the trafficking of women and children was mostly to be slaves, even they were sold to do very dirty deeds. This also happens today. Many women and children are sold to fulfill men's desires, therefore the author tries to examine the hadith related to trafficking woman and child who is often victimized.]
Representasi Perempuan Muslim Pada Iklan Amerika: Abilitas, Egaliter, dan Resistensi
Authors: Maghfirah Moona
Published: March 2021

Sejak berkembangnya fashion muslimah di dunia, ada banyak perusahaan –perusahaaan yang menayangkan perempuan Muslim berhijab pada iklan mereka, salah satu contohnya iklan pada produk Amerika. Iklan-iklan tersebut ialah Nike, American Eagle, Fenty Beauty, Covergirl,dan Gap. Fenomena ini layak untuk dikaji, karena terdapat sesuatu yang sangat bersifat kontradiktif. Amerika sangat mahsyur dengan Islamofobianya, sedangkan perempuan Muslim berhijab merupakan identitas dari agama Islam. Oleh karena itu, artikel ini hendak mengungkap makna dari model muslimah pada iklan-iklan produk Amerika tersebut. Metode yang digunakan ialah kualitatif deskriptif dan menerapkan teori semiotika Roland Barthes dan teori religifikasi komoditas. Artikel ini menemukan bahwa makna perempuan Muslim berhijab merujuk kepada fenomena kehidupan muslimah saat ini. Seperti, standar kecantikan dan gaya hidup para muslimah, kebebasan dalam berekspersi dan menampilkan kemampuan muslimah, serta diversitas representasi kecantikan pada perempuan. Terdapat tiga mitos (ideologi) yang ditemukan pada artikel ini ialah bentuk resistensi dan dekonstruksi stereotip negatif terhadap perempuan Muslim di Amerika, standar kecantikan, dan nilai-nilai egalitarianisme. Oleh karena itu, artikel ini beragumen bahwa iklan merupakan sebuah gerakan bawah tanah bagi para perempuan Muslim sebagai bentuk resistensi mereka terhadap stigama-stigma negatif yang ada di masyarakat Amerika, dengan cara mengekspresikan identitas, abilitas, dan nilai-nilai egalitarianisme.[Since muslimah fashion has risen in the world, many companies showing Muslim women who wear hijab in their advertisements, including American brands advertisements. They are Nike, American Eagle, Covergirl, Fenty Beauty, and Gap. This case is important to be discussed, because it is completely opposite. America is well-known as Islamophobia country and hijab-Muslim women as an identity of Islam religion. Therefore, the study aims to reveal the meaning of Muslimah model in these advertisements. The method used in this study is a a qualitative descriptive method and applies Roland Barthes semiotic theory and religification of commodities theory. This research found the meanings of muslimah models refer to the current phenomena of muslimah life such as the modern beauty and lifestyle of muslimah, and the freedom in showing their status and skill, and the diversity in the representation of women beauty. Three myths (ideologies) found in this research are a deconstruction of the negative stereotype of muslimah in America, beauty standard, and egalitarianism values. Therefore, this research argues that the advertisement is an underground movement of muslim women as their resistance to negative stigmas in American society by expressing their identities, ability, and egalitarianism values.]
Hindu-Buddha: Cara Masyarakat Nusantara dalam Berspiritual Sebelum Datang Islam
Authors: Marthinus Domidoyo
Published: March 2021

Nusantara adalah suatu wilayah kepulauan yang berada di antara dua benua, Asia dan Australia, sebagai benua yang berada dalam dua samudera raya yang di kenal sebagai samudera India dan samudera Pasifik. Kepulauan ini memotong ekuator dari 95 derajat sampai 141 derajat bujur timur. Penduduk pulau ini menarik perhatian berbagai masyarakat dari penjuru dunia, karena tanah subur dengan  limpahan rempah-rempah dan corak masyarakat yang akomodatif dengankecenderunganfriendly dengan kehadiran tamu. Hal ini memicu para pedagang untuk berniaga dan sekaligus bersyiar atau berdakwah. Orang India yang beragama Hindu dan Buddha menjadi orang pertama yang berlabuh untuk berdagang dan sekaligus memperkenalkanagama yang di anut. Hal ini menjadikan identitas sangat bagus untuk diperbincangkan. Sebagai pendatang dantamu di Nusantara, orang-orang India membawa segala identitas termasuk budaya dan agama. Paper ini menjelaskan cara agama dari India hidup dan besar di tengah masyarakat.[The Nusantara is an archipelago located between two continents, Asia and Australia, as a continent located in two major oceans known as the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. These islands intersect the equator from 95 degrees to 141 degrees east longitude. The inhabitants of the island attract the attention of various people from all over the world because the land is fertile with an abundance of spices and an accommodating community style with a friendly inclination to the presence of guests. It triggered the traders to trade and simultaneously spread or preach. Indians who were Hindus and Buddhists were the first to anchor to trade and at the same time introduce the religion adherence embraced. It makes identity important to talk about. As guests and guests in the archipelago, Indians carry all identities, including culture and religion. This paper explains the way religions from India live and grow in society.]
PANAS PELA PENDIDIKAN DI SEKOLAH: DESEGREGASI ISLAM DAN KRISTEN MELALUI KEARIFAN LOKAL
Authors: Hasudungan Anju Nofarof
Published: March 2021

Permasalahan terbesar yang belum terselesaikan saat resolusi konflik Ambon tercapai pada 12 Februari 2002 adalah adanya segregasi antara Islam dan Kristen. Keadaan ini berpotensi menimbulkan terjadinya konflik serupa di masa depan. Adanya polarisasi akibat politik identitas di masa pemilihan presiden Republik Indonesia tahun 2014 dan 2019 serta beredarnya fake news bernuansa rasisme di media sosial memperparah keadaan. Panas pela pendidikan dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk  desegregasi penganut agama Islam dan Kristen melalui pendidikan yang dikemas dengan budaya lokal. Pelaksanaan panas pela pendidikan antara SMPN 9 Kota Ambon yang 99% warga sekolahnya beragama Kristen/Katolik dengan SMPN 4 Salahutu Liang Kabupaten Maluku Tengah yang 100 % warga sekolahnya beragama Islam. Panas pela pendidikan memiliki arti mempererat kembali hubungan persaudaraan yang sebelumnya telah dibangun oleh para leluhur dengan cara mengadakan upacara secara berkala dan melibatkan seluruh warga sekolah. Kedua sekolah tersebut mengadakan panas pela pendidikan pada 29 Januari 2018 di SMPN 9 Kota Ambon. Tanpa adanya segregasi peserta didik kedua sekolah dapat menampilkan berbagai atraksi budaya seperti tari-tarian, lagu, dan puisi, pembuatan film perdamaian yang semuanya mengarah dan mengajak para siswa satu sama lain untuk hidup saling menyayangi walaupun berbeda agama, suku, dan golongan. Kata Kunci: Panas Pela Pendidikan, Desegregasi, Islam-Kristen, Sekolah
MENCARI KALIMATUN SAWA DALAM PLURALISME AGAMA (KAJIAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM)
Authors: Nuraeni Nuraeni
Published: March 2021

Religious pluralism in Indonesia is a necessity that cannot be avoided because it adheres to diversity. As we know that in Indonesia there are six religions recognized by the government namely (Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Catholicism and Kong hu chu) and every Indonesian citizen must embrace one of these religions, besides that human beings themselves are part of pluralism itself, so we live in pluralism.Normatively, doctrinaire of religion always teaches kindness, love and harmony. But sociological reality shows the opposite, religion is actually used as a source of ongoing conflict, both internal and external conflicts, such as clashes between the Early Church Christians with Jews, Christians with adherents of Roman religion (imperial religion) in the first century to the third century. Not much different from that in Indonesia, so we need to find a meeting point or Sawa sentence, looking for a conducive and prospective approach to the realization of sacred religious values (fundamental values) to be applicable solutions in looking at this plural future.
The “phonetic prehistory” of Grassmann’s law in Greek
Authors: De Angelis Alessandro
Published: March 2021

Grassmann’s Law (=GL) is generally regarded as a quintessential example of regular sound change, though dissimilation processes are generally said to be quite rare and sporadic. In the present paper, evidence is presented aiming to show “the phonetic prehistory” of Grassmann’s Law in Greek, namely a diachronic stage during which GL acts in all but regular fashion. In particular, especially in some dialectal areas, some forms retain the original diaspirate stem up until Classical epoque (V–IV c. BC). Moreover, the presence of an opposite process, that is the assimilation (generally regressive) between aspirated segments, is also documented. Both of these aspects seem to show a lexically constrained spread of such a change. Its relatively late regularity can be explained as a process implemented by phonological constraints, which intervene at some point in the linguistic change.
Conservation or change? Exploring trends in Modern Hebrew in light of new spoken corpora of the first two generations of speakers
Authors: Gonen Einat
Published: March 2021

This paper presents a diachronic study of Modern Hebrew agreement between numerals and their quantified nouns. This research is possible thanks to the discovery of two rare collections of recordings from the 1950s and 1960s, which document four generations of speakers and have become important sources of spoken Early Modern Hebrew. On the basis of these two corpora, I compare numeral agreement in the first two generations of speakers with present-day usage and analyze trends of change and conversation in Modern Hebrew. The study shows that the first generation of speakers (“Gen1”) largely acquired the gender distinction of cardinals. However, in contrast to other agreement issues that educated Gen1 speakers realized fully, numeral use showed variation and absence of agreement in a small set of cases. Moreover, some linguistic features of Gen1 Hebrew found in this study no longer characterize Present-Day Hebrew; among these features is prosodic conditioning, which led to a Gen1 tendency to use the feminine form of the numeral ‘four’ with masculine nouns more frequently than was the case with other numerals.
Investigation on the Organic Acid Content inside the Storage of a Woodblock Print Collection and Evaluation on the FFU System as a Mitigation Strategy
Authors: Guimarães Romero Ana Teresa , Matsui Toshiya , Nagahama Eriko
Published: March 2021

This paper describes an investigation on the storage environment of an Edo period woodblock print collection in terms of volatile organic acid content, using active air sampling and precision gas detector tubes that can measure organic acid emissions in the low microgram range, and evaluates an organic acid mitigation method based on the fan filter unit (FFU) system. Ion-exchange chromatography method was also employed for estimation of acetic and formic acid ratio. Findings revealed an organic acid-concentrated microclimate inside the storage box, nevertheless, the off-gassing rates of the woodblock prints were low, with the exception of a print positioned in the middle of the stack. The acetic acid/formic acid ratio was similar between the storage room environment and inside the storage box, but comparatively higher levels of formic acid were identified in the mulberry paper folder housing the prints. Finally, the FFU system was able to reduce organic acid concentrations inside the storage box for a 5-month observation period, but it did not eliminate the tendency of the storage materials to create organic acid-concentrated microclimates.
Explaining Employer-Provided Training
Authors: Koster Ferry , Benda Luc
Published: March 2021

The present study aims at investigating employer’s investments in the employability of employees. To do so, human capital theory and the employee-organization relationships approach (which rests on social exchange theory) is used to build three testable hypotheses, namely to argue that the kind of training employees need, the type of contract they have, and their behavior in the organization each matter for understanding employer behavior regarding training investments. These hypotheses are tested using a vignette study – which is a semi-experimental approach – to test decisions regarding training investments among 519 representatives of organizations in the Netherlands. Since each respondent scores three vignettes, the total number of responses is 1,557. The results show that, instead of exclusionary hypotheses, the hypotheses examined complement each other in such a way that a layered model consisting of the individual, the contractual, and the employment relationship can explain employer’s training decisions.
Risk Privatisation and Social Investment – Self-Employment in the United Kingdom
Authors: Caraher Kevin , Reuter Enrico
Published: March 2021

With increasing numbers of self-employed persons in the United Kingdom (UK) struggling to protect themselves via personal savings or private insurance against work-related social risks (an issue that has gained further importance in light of the Covid-19 pandemic), this article first discusses self-employment as a type of work that implies intrinsically privatised forms of risk management. Secondly, current social policy interventions towards vulnerable self-employed persons in the United Kingdom (UK) are analysed to identify the mix of instruments used for, on the one hand, investment and support and, on the other hand, conditionality, coercion and activation. Finally, we explore how responsibilities for risk management manifest themselves and argue that the expansion of activation and conditionality increases pressures upon self-employed workers with insufficient incomes and thus indicates a far-reaching risk privatisation, while undermining the idea of a meaningful social investment approach.
Adopting versus Adapting a PR Plan: Investigating Why and How Public Relations Plans Must Be Adapted to Specific Publics
Authors: Bernardino Paula
Published: March 2021

This case study investigates whether a public relations plan should be adapted or adopted for specific publics, specifically the Quebec market. The author reviewed relevant literature and conducted several interviews, all of which confirmed that Quebec should be treated as a specific public separate from the rest Canada for PR purposes. PR practitioners should take several factors into consideration when adapting plans for Quebec, including media relations, choice of spokesperson or celebrity, and the use of statistical information specific to Quebec, as opposed to statistics that can be generalized to all of Canada. This case study also suggests future research on how cultural differences affect the development of a PR plan and the success of a campaign when adapted to other places.
The incorporation of corporate social responsibility guidelines in the organizational culture of Eletrosul
Authors: Ferreira Schütt Paula Bruna Victória , Hoepers Dutra Isadora Cristina , De O. Santos Luna Sonia Regina
Published: March 2021

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been increasingly discussed in the market as well as by academia. The subject first gained prominence in the 1960s due to pressures exerted by society that required more societal and environmental commitment from organizations. This attitude has made organizations re-adapt their management approaches and, consequently, re-think their beliefs and practices. Within this context, this research study analyzed the incorporation of corporate social responsibility guidelines in the organizational culture (OC) of Eletrosul, an electric utility located in Florianópolis, Brazil. Since 2004, Eletrosul has adopted corporate social responsibility as a primary business focus and develops more than 100 socially responsible initiatives per year.

 The research methodology utilized in this paper was qualitative, involving documentary analysis and interviews with representatives in different departments of the organization. The main results indicated that the insertion of corporate social responsibility guidelines occurs throughout some elements of organizational culture, especially within its communications. The researchers also determined that the largest number of projects developed by the company are targeted toward their employees and the community, although their employees do not often associate the company’s internal actions as being socially responsible.

 

Keywords: corporate social responsibility, organizational culture, Eletrosul, Brazil
Editorial: Avoiding unconscious bias in media consumption
Authors: Chen Rita
Published: March 2021

With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and the resurgence of the Black Lives Matter movement, Canadians are consuming more media than ever. While this development has allowed us to become more informed about the important issues surrounding us, it does mean we need to give critical thought to how we are perusing different media forms and content. This editorial shares three methods that communicators can consider employing to help avoid unconscious bias when consuming media. The editorial also introduces the five articles being featured in this issue, before closing with acknowledgement and thanks to all the people who made this publication possible.

Keywords: media, unconscious bias, strategy, communication tactics
Preface
Authors: Wallace Juliet
Published: March 2021

Preface
Creating Cellular Vision: Cell Phone Photography and the (Shifting) Photographic Eye"
Authors: Vitulano Robert
Published: March 2021

This paper addresses the relatively new phenomenon of camera phone technology, focusing on the (re)construction of the shifting photographic vision, practice and gaze that this technology has created. I will examine the rearticulation of photography in terms of its temporality as the primary (photographic) concern by placing camera phones in parallel to their analog counterpoints. Finally, the paper considers how camera phone practices involve fervent social sharing and contemplates whether these images create a new form of memory.
Introduction
Authors: Blanchard Katharine , McLean-Cobban Wendy , Wallace Amber
Published: March 2021

This introduction describes the papers contained in this special issue of the McMaster Journal of Communication (MJC) devoted to opinion and research on the topic of social media from students and alumni of the McMaster-Syracuse Master of Communications Management (MCM) program. It also acknowledges the work of cover artist, Meaghan Niewland and the support of MJC faculty editor and MCM Executive Director, Alex Sévigny.
Simone de Beauvoir para além da França: Como o livro “O Segundo Sexo” influenciou diversas gerações em diferentes locais do Mundo?
Authors: De Montmorency Pestana Varizo Ana Carolina
Published: March 2021

Simone de Beauvoir foi autora de um dos primeiros livros questionando o papel feminino construído pela sociedade, levantando neste uma série de questões e influenciando fortemente o pensamento da época.  Tendo isso em vista, o presente artigo pretende abordar como, apesar de ser muito criticada pelas gerações seguintes, a figura de Simone de Beauvoir se mantém presente no imaginário das mulheres feministas durante todas as ondas do movimento, de 1949 até o momento. Utilizando o livro “O Segundo Sexo” para apresentar a perspectiva da autora em ênfase e outras fontes como documentários, filmes e livros de outras autoras, buscarei demonstrar a influência do estudo da autora e sua contribuição ao redor do mundo.Palavras chave: Simone de Beauvoir; feminismo; patriarcado. AbstractSimone de Beauvoir was the writer of one of the first books which questioned the feminine role created by society, raising on that lots of questions about feminism and strong influencing thoughts about it at her time. Keeping this in mind, the present article is going to approach how, besides the critics she acquired of the following generations, the portrayal of Simone de Beauvoir stays present in the feminists' foresight on every surge of the movement so far. Using the book “The Second Sex” for the present perspective of the author and others references as documentaries; movies and books from another author, pointing how her studies influencied and contribuied around the world.Key-words: Simone de Beauvoir; feminism; patriarchate.
Spatially Guided Distractor Suppression during Visual Search
Authors: Feldmann-Wüstefeld Tobias , Weinberger Marina , Awh Edward
Published: March 2021

Past work has demonstrated that active suppression of salient distractors is a critical part of visual selection. Evidence for goal-driven suppression includes below-baseline visual encoding at the position of salient distractors (Gaspelin and Luck, 2018) and neural signals such as the distractor positivity (Pd) that track how many distractors are presented in a given hemifield (Feldmann-Wüstefeld and Vogel, 2019). One basic question regarding distractor suppression is whether it is inherently spatial or nonspatial in character. Indeed, past work has shown that distractors evoke both spatial (Theeuwes, 1992) and nonspatial forms of interference (Folk and Remington, 1998), motivating a direct examination of whether space is integral to goal-driven distractor suppression. Here, we use behavioral and EEG data from adult humans (male and female) to provide clear evidence for a spatial gradient of suppression surrounding salient singleton distractors. Replicating past work, both reaction time and neural indices of target selection improved monotonically as the distance between target and distractor increased. Importantly, these target selection effects were paralleled by a monotonic decline in the amplitude of the Pd, an electrophysiological index of distractor suppression. Moreover, multivariate analyses revealed spatially selective activity in the θ-band that tracked the position of the target and, critically, revealed suppressed activity at spatial channels centered on distractor positions. Thus, goal-driven selection of relevant over irrelevant information benefits from a spatial gradient of suppression surrounding salient distractors.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPast work has shown that distractor suppression is an important part of goal-driven attentional selection, but has not yet revealed whether suppression is spatially directed. Using behavioral data, event-related potentials (ERPs) of the EEG signal [N2pc and distractor positivity (Pd) component], as well as a multivariate model of EEG data [channel tuning functions (CTF)], we show that suppression-related neural activity increases monotonically as the distance between targets and distractors decreases, and that spatially-selective activity in the θ-band reveals depressed activity in spatial channels that index distractor positions. Thus, we provide robust evidence for spatially-guided distractor suppression, a result that has important implications for models of goal-driven attentional control.
Is Childhood General Anesthesia Exposure An Etiological Contributor to Cognitive Impairment?
Authors: Tian Yi , Liu Peiyu , Liu Weisong , Xu Qiaojing , Zhao Xiangkun
Published: March 2021

General anesthesia is necessary for patients to undergo surgery and invasive procedures. However, numerous preclinical studies have demonstrated widespread developmental neurotoxicity of the commonly used anesthetics and sedatives for the immature brain. Clinical studies also suggest a strong correlation between childhood anesthesia exposure and subsequent behavioral or cognitive impairment in adulthood. These findings have attracted increasing attention of anesthesiologists, pediatricians, and caregivers about the safety of anesthesia exposure in children, especially during early childhood. Herein, the aim of this review was to present the molecular mechanism of general anesthesia and its effects on the developing brain and introduce the recent clinical evidence of changes in cognition function post-childhood general anesthesia exposure. More importantly, some of the spots will be importantly discussed to scrutinize the phenomena; only in this way, it may help minimize or eliminate relevant risk factors.
The Termination of an Employment Contract Initiated by the Employer’s Will
Authors: Bagdanskis Tomas
Published: March 2021

This article systematically analyses new Labour code rules (regulation from July 2017) and the judicial practice of Lithuania relating to the termination of an employment contract initiated by the employer by employer’s will (Labour Code of the Republic of Lithuania, Article 59). It is important to separate this new background of termination from an ordinary one – the termination of an employment contract by the absence of an employee’s fault (Article 57 of Labour code) – and reveal the theoretical and practical aspects and the conclusions in disclosing the true norm meaning. Employers will be able to terminate an employment agreement without the employees’ fault due to the following reasons (Article 57 of Labour code): employee’s work function is no longer required; employee fails to reach the agreed results of work; employee does not agree to change the terms of their employment agreement, place of work, or working regime; employee does not agree to continue employment after business transfer or a part thereof; employer ceases its activities. New rules, indicated in Article 59 of the Labour code (Termination based on employer’s will), says that if an employer intends to terminate an employment agreement due to other reasons, not listed in Article 57 of Labour code, the employee may be served with a 3 business days’ prior written notice and paid a severance pay of at least 6 average monthly salaries.
MAGDALENE, A POEM BY INNOKENTY ANNENSKY: GOSPEL TEXT AT THE CROSSROADS OF LITERARY TRADITIONS
Authors: Mniсh Roman
Published: March 2021

The article offers an interpretation of Innokenty Annensky's poem Magdalene written in 1885, but published only in 1997. This early work of the poet differs significantly from his poetry, known from published collections (Quiet Songs and Cypress Box), which are not characterized by an appeal to biblical images and motifs. In the poem Magdalene Annensky offers his interpretation of the Gospel story, depicting the conflict and struggle between human feelings (Mary Magdalene) and divine vocation (Jesus) in the dialogues between Magdalene and Jesus. Analysis of the structure of the poem allows us to determine the presence of three literary traditions in it: 1) ancient Greek tragedy and the chorus as one of its main actors; 2) a romantic poem about unrequited love (first of all, The Demon by Mikhail Lermontov) and the concept of romantic duality; 3) Faust by Johann Wolfgang Goethe. The combination of antique concepts (fate, destiny, metamorphosis) with the ideas of Christianity, as well as allusions to the works of Russian romantics, allowed the author to combine three aspects in the image of Mary Magdalene: ancient fate (destiny), Christian (Orthodox) holiness and romantic alienation from the world. The combination of these three aspects in the poem by I. Annensky forms a new quality: the romantic poem did not provide for the chorus as a character, and the ancient Greek tragedy did not allow for such lyrical digressions typical for a romantic poem. The Gospel text in the poem by I. Annensky is transformed in line with the three mentioned traditions, and thus the theme “grows” into a dramatic poem.
THE SHEPHERD AND THE SHEPHERDESS: V. Р. ASTAFIEV’S MODERN PASTORAL IN THE CONTEXT OF GENRE TRADITIONS
Authors: Bolshakova Alla
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this article was to consider the movement of literature through the genre metamorphoses as a category that transforms in its immutability. Consequently, the author’s task was to study the modifications of the genre of love idyll using the example of Modern Pastoral ву V. P. Astafiev’s (The Shepherd and the Shepherdess) in the context of works about love that had emerged in Antiquity and the Middle Ages. This task is carried out using the example of the initial samples of the love idyll genre in prose, as well as a theoretical justification of the unity of love idyll and pastoral as its main type (M. M. Bakhtin), which make up a single line of genre tradition. The article demonstrates the productivity of genre splices, i. e. the initial actualization of the love idyll genre in combination with the novel (Daphnis and Chloe, The Romance of Tristan and Iseult) and the story (The Tale of Peter and Fevronia, The Shepherd and the Shepherdess). The correlation between the ancient pastoral and Astafiev’s Modern Pastoral was noted in literary studies, albeit poorly justified, while the implementation of the traditions of the love idyll set by the above-mentioned medieval models remained beyond the scope of research. The study tested the typological resemblance of genre models, their similarities in themes, plot, and imagery, which allowed to include characters in the range of enamoured couples that have largely determined the development of world literature. The article focused on the debated question of the validity of the writer’s definition: Modern Pastoral. As a result, the study tested the productivity of Astafiev’s update to the genre canon; the validity of the genre naming by the writer, with regard to the modification made by him.