bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of ligusticum cycloprolactam against neuroinflammation based on network pharmacology and experimental verification
Authors: Gao Juan , Su Gang , Chen Wei , Wu Qionghui , Liu Junxi , Liu Jifei , Chai Miao , Dong Ying , Wang He , Chen Lixia , Zhang Zhenchang , Wang Manxia
Published: June 2023

Ligustilide, a natural phthalide mainly derived from chuanxiong rhizomes and Angelica Sinensis roots, possesses anti‐inflammatory activity, particularly in the context of the nervous system. However, its application is limited because of its unstable chemical properties. To overcome this limitation, ligusticum cycloprolactam (LIGc) was synthesized through structural modification of ligustilide. In this study, we combined network pharmacological methods with experimental verification to investigate the anti‐neuroinflammatory effects and mechanisms of ligustilide and LIGc. Based on our network pharmacology analysis, we identified four key targets of ligustilide involved in exerting an anti‐inflammatory effect, with the nuclear factor (NF)‐κB signal pathway suggested as the main signalling pathway. To verify these results, we examined the expression of inflammatory cytokines and inflammation‐related proteins, analysed the phosphorylation level of NF‐κB, inhibitor of κBα (IκBα) and inhibitor of κB kinase α and β (IKKα+β), and evaluated the effect of BV2 cell‐conditioned medium on HT22 cells in vitro. Our results, demonstrate for the first time that LIGc can downregulate the activation of the NF‐κB signal pathway in BV2 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide, suppress the production of inflammatory cytokines and reduce nerve injury in HT22 cells mediated by BV2 cells. These findings suggest that LIGc inhibits the neuroinflammatory response mediated by BV2 cells, providing strong scientific support for the development of anti‐inflammatory drugs based on natural ligustilide or its derivatives. However, there are some limitations to our current study. In the future, further experiments using in vivo models may provide additional evidence to support our findings.
Local House Price Effects of Internal Migration in Queensland: Australia's Interstate Migration Capital
Authors: Erol Isil , Unal Umut
Published: June 2023

We examine the causal impact of internal migration on housing prices across 82 Statistical Areas Level 3 regions in Queensland, Australia from 2014–2019. The primary findings are: (i) an annual increase in the inflow of migrants equal to 1 per cent of a region's initial population leads to a 0.6 to 0.7 per cent annual increase in Queensland's house prices across different empirical specifications; (ii) this effect differs between the Greater Brisbane metropolitan area and Rest of State areas; (iii) migration from New South Wales fails to produce a significant influence on house price growth in Queensland.
Does Day 3 embryo status matter to reproductive outcomes of single blastocyst transfer cycles? A cohort study
Authors: Qiu Jiaxin , Du Tong , Guo Haiyan , Mol Ben W. , Lin Jiaying , Zhao Dong , Wang Yun , Kuang Yanping , Li Wentao
Published: June 2023

Objective

To investigate whether Day 3 (D3) embryo status matter to reproductive outcomes of blastocyst transfer cycles.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Assisted Reproduction Department of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.

Population

A total of 6906 vitrified–thawed single blastocyst transfer cycles in 6502 women were included.

Methods

Generalised estimated equation regression models were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations between embryo status and pregnancy outcomes.

Main outcome measures

Biochemical pregnancy, miscarriage, live birth.

Results

High‐quality blastocysts derived from poor‐grade D3 embryos had comparable pregnancy outcomes to those derived from high‐grade D3 embryos (40.0% versus 43.2%, aOR 1.00, 95% CI 0.85–1.17 for live birth rate; 8.3% versus 9.5%, aOR 0.82, 95% CI 0.63–1.07 for miscarriage rate). Cycles with low D3 cell number (five cells or fewer) had significantly higher miscarriage rate (9.2% versus 7.6%, aOR 1.33, 95% CI 1.02–1.75) compared with cycles with eight cells on D3.

Conclusions

Poor‐quality cleavage embryos should be cultivated to the blastocyst stage because high‐quality blastocysts derived from poor‐grade D3 embryos had acceptable pregnancy outcomes. When the blastocyst grade is identical, choosing embryos with higher D3 cell number (eight or more cells) for transfer could reduce the risk of early miscarriage.
Factors affecting continuous renal replacement therapy duration in critically ill patients: A retrospective study
Authors: Guo Litao , Hu Yandong , Zeng Qinjing , Yang Xinjuan
Published: June 2023

Introduction

This study aimed to analyze the factors affecting continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) duration in critically ill patients and provide a reference for clinical treatment.

Material and Methods

We divided patients into regional citrate anti‐coagulation (RCA) and low‐molecular‐weight‐heparin (LMWH) groups according to the anti‐coagulation method and collected the relevant data, to analyze the factors associated with CRRT time.

Results

Compared with the LMWH group, the RCA group had a longer mean treatment time (55.36 ± 22.57 vs. 37.65 ± 27.09 h, p < 0.001), lower transmembrane pressure, and lower filter pressure, regardless of vascular access site. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed a significant correlation between anti‐coagulation patterns, filter pressure at CRRT discontinuation, nurses' level of intensive care unit experience, pre‐machine fibrinogen level, and CRRT time.

Conclusion

Anti‐coagulation is the most important factor affecting CRRT duration. Filter pressure, nurses' level of intensive care unit experience, and fibrinogen level also affecting CRRT duration.
Immunogenicity of COVID‐19 vaccines in adult patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Al‐Haideri Maysoon , Mohammad Talar Ahmad Merza , Darvishzadehdeldari Shahram , Karbasi Zahra , Alimohammadi Mina , Faramarzi Fatemeh , Khorasani Sahar , Rasouli Ashkan , Tahmasebi Safa , Darvishi Mohammad , Akhavan‐Sigari Reza
Published: June 2023

COVID‐19 vaccines approved by the Food and Drug Administration have been studied mainly in healthy individuals and there is limited information on their immunogenicity in patients with autoimmune diseases. Therefore, the current systematic review and meta‐analysis study, aimed to comprehensively investigate the immunogenicity of these vaccines in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatoid diseases (AIRDs). A comprehensive literature search was performed on various databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library, to select cohort and randomized clinical trial (RCT) studies up to January 2022. Also, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses checklist protocol and the I2 statistic were used for quality assessment and heterogeneity tests of the selected studies. Fixed and random‐effects models were estimated based on the heterogeneity tests, and pooled data were determined as the ratio of mean (ROM) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). As a result, we found that vaccines can cause favorable immunogenicity and antibody response in vaccinated AIRD patients; however, older age and the concomitant consumption of conventional synthetic disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) and biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs) could significantly reduce the vaccine immunogenicity. Consequently, our findings revealed significant humoral responses (seropositive) in AIRD patients following the administration of COVID‐19 vaccines.
A low‐cost, long‐running, open‐source stereo camera for tracking aquatic species and their behaviours
Authors: Dunkley Katie , Dunkley Andrew , Drewnicki James , Keith Inti , Herbert‐Read James E.
Published: June 2023

Ecologists are now widely utilising video data to quantify the behaviours and interactions of animals in the wild. This process can be facilitated by collecting videos in stereo, which can provide information about animals' positions, movements and behaviours in three‐dimensions (3D). However, there are no published designs that can collect underwater 3D stereo data at high spatial and temporal resolutions for extended periods (days).

Here, we present complete hardware and software solutions for a long‐running, open‐source, underwater stereo camera rig, costing £1337. This stereo camera can continuously record aquatic species and their behaviours/interactions in high resolution (1080 p and 30 fps) and in 3D, over multiple days.

We provide full design guides for the cameras and a travel‐friendly rig, and include guidance and open‐source code for calibrating the cameras in space and time. We also show how these cameras could be used to track animals' body parts and positions, and how their size, posture and behaviour can be inferred.

This stereo camera will facilitate the collection of high‐resolution ecological and behavioural data, such as affiliative, agonistic or trophic interactions between species, which can inform us about the health and structure of ecosystems. These data will assist ecologists and conservationists in monitoring and understanding the impacts of current environmental pressures on ecosystem functioning.
The sin of words: Censorship and self‐censorship in China during the Qing dynasty (1644–1911)
Authors: Li Peiyuan
Published: June 2023

This study examines the impact of a large‐scale censorship campaign in Qing China (1644–1911) on intellectuals' writings. Using a Difference‐in‐Difference approach and analysing 23,000 poems, the study reveals a significant decrease in the frequency of censored words in poems written by censored intellectuals. There was no room to circumvent censorship by adopting homophones, split words, and variant characters. The machine learning analyses uncover some indication that the censorship campaign influenced intellectuals' writing styles, with intellectuals shifting away from the censored poetry. The campaign created intense political pressures, leading to self‐censorship, but its long‐term impact on word choices was minimal.
What makes a “good” forensic anthropologist?
Authors: Marten Meredith G. , Winburn Allysha P. , Burgen Benjamin R. , Seymour Spencer K. , Walkup Taylor
Published: June 2023

Forensic anthropology has recently and publicly grappled with fundamental disciplinary issues—including estimating population affinity, the pursuit of objectivity, and the role of bias in medicolegal contexts—all of which has left the subdiscipline in a state of seeming fracture, with many practitioners worried about its future. Given these concerns, we wondered to what degree polarization exists, if at all, and along what lines. Using the method of cultural consensus analysis, we asked forensic anthropologists: What makes a “good” forensic anthropologist? Our findings suggest that contrary to widespread concern, broad agreement (consensus) exists over the training, experiences, perspectives, and practices forensic anthropologists (n = 103) identified as important for being “good” at what they do. A few points of disagreement emerged—particularly over the issue of neutrality—which dominated the narrative feedback we received. The fault lines of this debate primarily fell along generational lines, with those having earned their degrees earlier believing more strongly in neutrality. This pattern largely maps onto broader (and somewhat routine) disciplinary debates and trends away from positivism, with younger anthropologists more focused on the larger goal of “decolonizing US anthropology” and attending to the antiracist work that figures prominently in anthropology today.
The effects of menstrual cycle phases on immune function and inflammation at rest and after acute exercise: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Notbohm H. L. , Moser F. , Goh J. , Feuerbacher J. F. , Bloch W. , Schumann M.
Published: June 2023

The immune system plays an important role in mediating exercise responses and adaptations. However, whether fluctuating hormone concentrations across the menstrual cycle may impact these processes remains unknown. The aim of this systematic review with meta‐analysis was to compare baseline concentrations as well as exercise‐induced changes in immune and inflammatory parameters between menstrual cycle phases. A systematic literature search was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines using Pubmed/MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus. Of the 159 studies included in the qualitative synthesis, 110 studies were used for meta‐analysis. Due to the designs of the included studies, only the follicular and luteal phase could be compared. The estimated standardized mean differences based on the random‐effects model revealed higher numbers of leukocytes (−0.48 [−0.73; −0.23], p < 0.001), monocytes (−0.73 [−1.37; −0.10], p = 0.023), granulocytes (−0.85 [−0.1.48; −0.21], p = 0.009), neutrophils (−0.32 [−0.52; −0.12], p = 0.001), and leptin concentrations (−0.37 [−0.5; −0.23], p = 0.003) in the luteal compared to the follicular phase at rest. Other parameters (adaptive immune cells, cytokines, chemokines, and cell adhesion molecules) showed no systematic baseline differences. Seventeen studies investigated the exercise‐induced response of these parameters, providing some indications for a higher pro‐inflammatory response in the luteal phase. In conclusion, parameters of innate immunity showed cycle‐dependent regulation at rest, while little is known on the exercise responses. Due to a large heterogeneity and a lack of cycle phase standardization among the included studies, future research should focus on comparing at least three distinct hormonal profiles to derive more specific recommendations for exercise prescription.
Patterns of suboptimal antipsychotic use and misuse in Australia: What can routinely collected data tell us?
Authors: Brett Jonathan , Gillies Malcolm B. , Buckley Nicholas A. , Pearson Sallie‐Anne , Zoega Helga
Published: June 2023

Aims

There are increasing concerns about harms related to suboptimal antipsychotic use. Here we describe recent population‐based trends in antipsychotic use and harms in Australia and identify population groups exhibiting patterns of use likely to contribute to these harms.

Methods

Using population‐based data from the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (2015‐2020), poisoning calls to the New South Wales (NSW) Poisons Information Centre (2015‐2020) and poisoning deaths in all coronial records (2005‐2018) in Australia, we measured trends in the prevalence of antipsychotic use and related deaths and poisonings. We applied latent class analyses to identify patterns of antipsychotic use that may contribute to harms.

Results

Quetiapine and olanzapine had the highest prevalence of use between 2015 and 2020. Noteworthy trends included increases of 9.1% and 30.8% in quetiapine use and poisonings, while olanzapine use decreased by 4.5% but poisonings increased by 32.7%. Quetiapine and olanzapine poisonings and related deaths had the highest rates of co‐ingestion of opioids, benzodiazepines and pregabalin compared to other antipsychotics. We identified six distinct population groups using antipsychotics: (i) ongoing high‐dose use with sedatives (8%), (ii) ongoing use (42%), (iii) ongoing use with analgesics and sedatives (11%), (iv) long‐term low‐dose use (9%), (v) sporadic use (20%) and (vi) sporadic use with analgesics (10%).

Conclusion

Ongoing potentially suboptimal antipsychotic use and associated harms highlight the need to monitor such patterns of use, for example through prescription monitoring systems.
Radiographic outcomes of ridge reconstruction with autogenous bone block versus collagenated xenogeneic bone block: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Romito Giuseppe Alexandre , Soares Herbert Horiuti , do Amaral Guilherme Castro Lima Silva , Fonseca Marcelo Augusto , Sapata Vitor Marques , Conde Marina Clemente , Hammerle Christoph Hans Franz , Schwarz Frank , Villar Cristina Cunha
Published: June 2023

Aim

To compare, at different levels from the alveolar crest, the radiographic outcomes of equine‐derived collagenated xenogeneic bone blocks (CXBB) and autogenous bone blocks (ABB) used for lateral alveolar ridge augmentation.

Materials and Methods

Sixty‐four patients with tooth gaps in atrophic alveolar ridges with ≤4 mm were randomly assigned to lateral augmentation using CXBB or ABB. The lateral bone thickness (LBT) was measured 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mm below the alveolar crest using CBCT scans obtained before augmentation surgery and at 30 weeks, prior to implant placement. Statistical analysis was performed using Shapiro–Wilk, Fisher's exact, Mann–Whitney, and Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests.

Results

Both CXBB and ABB resulted in significant total and buccal LBT gains at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mm. LBT gains were similar between CXBB‐ and ABB‐augmented sites, except for greater buccal LBT gains at 8 mm at CXBB‐augmented sites. While ABB‐augmented sites gained vertical bone height, CXBB‐treated sites suffered vertical bone loss (CXBB: −0.16 mm; ABB: 0.38 mm, p < .0009).

Conclusions

CXBB and ABB were both associated with significant and similar LBT gains at 30 weeks.
HOXD‐AS2‐STAT3 feedback loop attenuates sensitivity to temozolomide in glioblastoma
Authors: Zhang Zuo‐Xin , Ren Peng , Cao Yong‐Yong , Wang Ting‐Ting , Huang Guo‐Hao , Li Yao , Zhou Shuo , Yang Wei , Yang Lin , Liu Guo‐Long , Xiang Yan , Pei Yu‐Chun , Chen Qiu‐Zi , Chen Ju‐Xiang , Lv Sheng‐Qing
Published: June 2023

Aims

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the deadliest glioma and its resistance to temozolomide (TMZ) remains intractable. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in that and this study aimed to investigate underlying mechanism of HOXD‐AS2‐affected temozolomide sensitivity in glioblastoma.

Methods

We analyzed and validated the aberrant HOXD‐AS2 expression in glioma specimens. Then we explored the function of HOXD‐AS2 in vivo and in vitro and a clinical case was also reviewed to examine our findings. We further performed mechanistic experiments to investigate the mechanism of HOXD‐AS2 in regulating TMZ sensitivity.

Results

Elevated HOXD‐AS2 expression promoted progression and negatively correlated with prognosis of glioma; HOXD‐AS2 attenuated temozolomide sensitivity in vitro and in vivo; The clinical case also showed that lower HOXD‐AS2 sensitized glioblastoma to temozolomide; STAT3‐induced HOXD‐AS2 could interact with IGF2BP2 protein to form a complex and sequentially upregulate STAT3 signaling, thus forming a positive feedback loop regulating TMZ sensitivity in glioblastoma.

Conclusion

Our study elucidated the crucial role of the HOXD‐AS2‐STAT3 positive feedback loop in regulating TMZ sensitivity, suggesting that this could be provided as a potential therapeutic candidate of glioblastoma.
Neuropharmacological insight into preventive intervention in posttraumatic epilepsy based on regulating glutamate homeostasis
Authors: Gao Yuan , Liu Ning , Chen Juan , Zheng Ping , Niu Jianguo , Tang Shengsong , Peng Xiaodong , Wu Jing , Yu Jianqiang , Ma Lin
Published: June 2023

Background

Posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) is one of the most critical complications of traumatic brain injury (TBI), significantly increasing TBI patients' neuropsychiatric symptoms and mortality. The abnormal accumulation of glutamate caused by TBI and its secondary excitotoxicity are essential reasons for neural network reorganization and functional neural plasticity changes, contributing to the occurrence and development of PTE. Restoring glutamate balance in the early stage of TBI is expected to play a neuroprotective role and reduce the risk of PTE.

Aims

To provide a neuropharmacological insight for drug development to prevent PTE based on regulating glutamate homeostasis.

Methods

We discussed how TBI affects glutamate homeostasis and its relationship with PTE. Furthermore, we also summarized the research progress of molecular pathways for regulating glutamate homeostasis after TBI and pharmacological studies aim to prevent PTE by restoring glutamate balance.

Results

TBI can lead to the accumulation of glutamate in the brain, which increases the risk of PTE. Targeting the molecular pathways affecting glutamate homeostasis helps restore normal glutamate levels and is neuroprotective.

Discussion

Taking glutamate homeostasis regulation as a means for new drug development can avoid the side effects caused by direct inhibition of glutamate receptors, expecting to alleviate the diseases related to abnormal glutamate levels in the brain, such as PTE, Parkinson's disease, depression, and cognitive impairment.

Conclusion

It is a promising strategy to regulate glutamate homeostasis through pharmacological methods after TBI, thereby decreasing nerve injury and preventing PTE.
Excitatory‐inhibitory modulation of transcranial focus ultrasound stimulation on human motor cortex
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Guo Bingqi , Zuo Zhentao , Long Xiaojing , Hu Shimin , Li Siran , Su Xin , Wang Yuping , Liu Chunyan
Published: June 2023

Aims

Transcranial focus ultrasound stimulation (tFUS) is a promising non‐invasive neuromodulation technology. This study aimed to evaluate the modulatory effects of tFUS on human motor cortex (M1) excitability and explore the mechanism of neurotransmitter‐related intracortical circuitry and plasticity.

Methods

Single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)‐eliciting motor‐evoked potentials (MEPs) were used to assessed M1 excitability in 10 subjects. Paired‐pulse TMS was used to measure the effects of tFUS on GABA‐ and glutamate‐related intracortical excitability and 1H‐MRS was used to assess the effects of repetitive tFUS on GABA and Glx (glutamine + glutamate) neurometabolic concentrations in the targeting region in nine subjects.

Results

The etFUS significantly increased M1 excitability, decreased short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and long interval intracortical inhibition (LICI). The itFUS significantly suppressed M1 excitability, increased SICI, LICI, and decreased intracortical facilitation (ICF). Seven times of etFUS decreased the GABA concentration (6.32%), increased the Glx concentration (12.40%), and decreased the GABA/Glx ratio measured by MRS, while itFUS increased the GABA concentration (18.59%), decreased Glx concentration (0.35%), and significantly increased GABA/Glx ratio.

Conclusion

The findings support that tFUS with different parameters can exert excitatory and inhibitory neuromodulatory effects on the human motor cortex. We provide novel insights that tFUS change cortical excitability and plasticity by regulating excitatory‐inhibition balance related to the GABAergic and glutamatergic receptor function and neurotransmitter metabolic level.
Officials' Foreign Experience and Firms' Exports: Evidence from China
Authors: Xu Yekun , Ma Guangyuan , Cui Lijuan
Published: June 2023

This study examines how the foreign experience of local officials affects firms' exports in China. Using a matched sample from 2000 to 2012, we found that the foreign experience of municipal Party secretaries had a significant impact on the promotion of firms' exports, especially for private firms. This positive impact was more pronounced when officials went abroad at a younger age, stayed abroad for a longer period, returned to China for a longer time, and had greater promotion incentives. We found that officials' foreign experience helped to mitigate the negative impact of institutional distance and provided firms with better access to export subsidies, both of which could promote exporting. There was also a complementary effect when officials and executives both had foreign experience. Overall, our study provides some insights into the economic outcomes of officials' foreign experience and sheds light on the export performance of Chinese firms.
The Determinants of China's Minimum Wage Rates
Authors: Schmillen Achim , Stops Michael , Wang Dewen
Published: June 2023

We use a highly disaggregated panel of macro data and minimum wages at the county level to investigate the processes behind minimum wage adjustments in China. Relying on random effects models, spatial econometrics techniques, and multilevel analyses, we document that a comparatively small number of economic variables – including the local price level and GDP per capita – are important determinants of minimum wage rates. Interactions between adjacent counties and counties of the same administrative type, and centralized mechanisms, particularly at the provincial level, also play an important role in explaining the variance in minimum wage rates across counties. Finally, we show that China's provinces are the key players for setting minimum wage rates and that, when they do so, they are not uniform in the way they weigh different economic variables.
Older people's preferences and expectations of preventive oral care in the home
Authors: Blasi Alicia M. , Vonhoegen Lena , Herrler Angélique , Wicht Michael J. , Barbe Anna Greta
Published: June 2023

Objective

The aim of the study was to assess older people's preferences and expectations for preventive oral care in their own home.

Background

With increasing age, the use of dental services declines and oral health becomes secondary, yet good oral health contributes to quality of life and has a positive impact on general health. Thus, the healthcare system should offer a care structure in which oral health can be maintained into old age. To provide patient‐centred care, patient preferences in additional preventive oral care need to be explored.

Materials and Methods

In this qualitative study, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with community‐dwelling individuals aged ≥65 years to understand their preferences and expectations for oral care in a home‐based setting. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.

Results

Fourteen dental patients were included. Three overarching themes were identified. The desire for independence was predominant when addressing their future capability to perform oral hygiene. When addressing possible future oral health support, self‐determination and independence were important to them. Concerns about dependency in inpatient care facilities and the associated reduction in oral care were evident. Frequency, costs and the practice environment played a decisive role when thinking about additional preventive measures for their future.

Conclusion

The results of this study provide important information about older people's preferences and expectations for preventive oral care in the home environment and relate to three core themes of (1) changes in oral hygiene skills and perceptions, (2) support and (3) organisational factors. These must be considered when planning and implementing preventive oral care.
Proteomic analysis identifies argininosuccinate synthetase 1 and special AT‐rich sequence binding protein 1 as reliable markers for the immunohistochemical distinction between WHO types A and B3 thymomas
Authors: Bremmer Felix , Bohnenberger Hanibal , Findeisen Peter , Welter Stefan , von Hammerstein‐Equord Alexander , Hinterthaner Marc , Müller Denise , Küffer Stefan , Okada Satoru , Marx Alexander , Ströbel Philipp
Published: June 2023

Aims

The reliable classification of type A versus type B3 thymomas has prognostic and therapeutic relevance, but can be problematic due to considerably overlapping morphology. No immunohistochemical markers aiding in this distinction have been published so far.

Methods and results

We identified and quantified numerous differentially expressed proteins using an unbiased proteomic screen by mass spectrometry in pooled protein lysates from three type A and three type B3 thymomas. From these, candidates were validated in a larger series of paraffin‐embedded type A and B3 thymomas. We identified argininosuccinate synthetase 1 (ASS1) and special AT‐rich sequence binding protein 1 (SATB1) as highly discriminatory between 34 type A and 20 type B3 thymomas (94% sensitivity, 98% specificity and 96% accuracy). Although not the focus of this study, the same markers also proved helpful in the diagnosis of type AB (n = 14), B1 (n = 4) and B2 thymomas (n = 10).

Conclusions

Mutually exclusive epithelial expression of ASS1 in 100% of type B3 thymomas and ectopic nuclear expression of SATB1 in 92% of type A thymomas support the distinction between type A and type B3 thymomas with 94% sensitivity, 98% specificity and 96% accuracy.
Upscaling of asymmetric hollow fiber‐supported thin film membranes for oxygen separation from air: Proof of concept
Authors: Lee Myongjin , Gan Yun , Yang Chunyang , Ren Chunlei , Xue Xingjian
Published: June 2023

Hollow fiber membranes demonstrate various advantages for high performance oxygen separation. However, the small diameters of hollow fibers and the brittleness of ceramics limit their mechanical strength, imposing great difficulties on stack and module development. Gas‐tight sealing is another challenge for upscaling of hollow fiber membrane technology. Low temperature sealant materials of epoxy resin or silicon are typically used for hollow fiber stacks, requiring that the sealing portions be located out of hot zone. Consequently, only partial length of hollow fibers participates in oxygen permeation. In this study, upscaling of our recently developed asymmetric hollow fiber‐supported thin film membranes is conducted, where individual hollow fibers are assembled in parallel to form a stack. A reliable gas‐tight sealing is obtained by combining ceramic paste with conductive adhesive ink cohesively. Comprehensive oxygen permeation test is conducted with the sealing portions being in hot zone and compared with a single hollow fiber membrane. Fundamental mechanism is discussed to understand the performances and their differences. An accelerated long‐term test (∼320 h, 16 thermal cycles) demonstrates excellent stability and robustness of the stack and sealing. The characterization of post‐test samples further confirms excellent stability and robustness of the phases and microstructures of the stack.
Household, dietary, and clinical characteristics of childhood caries and overweight progression—A prospective cohort study
Authors: Tavares Mary , Chiu Chung‐Jung , Hasturk Hatice , Lake Kristina , O'Keefe Anna C. , De Armas Veronica , Yaskell Tina , Esberg Anders , Johansson Ingegerd , Tanner Anne C.
Published: June 2023

Background

Childhood caries and obesity are complex chronic diseases with negative health outcomes.

Aim

This study sought a risk profile for childhood caries and overweight.

Design

Children were recruited into a longitudinal prospective cohort study. Caries and overweight characteristics were obtained at baseline, 6, 12, and 18 months. Sequential data modeling steps determined a disease risk profile.

Results

At baseline, 50% of the children (n = 194, 3.0 to 6.9 years) had caries; 24% were overweight, of whom 50% had caries. Correlation analysis separated child characteristics from household circumstances. Principal component modeling separated child snacking from meal‐eating patterns, and household smoking from parent education variables. Baseline caries and overweight were not associated, but they grouped together in the modeling of composite features. Forty‐five percent of children showed caries progression, 29% overweight progression, and 10% progression of both diseases. The strongest predictors of progression were disease presence, household‐based characteristics, and sugary drinks. Children with caries and overweight progression shared multiple child‐ and household‐based features.

Conclusion

Individually, caries and overweight were not associated. Children with progression of both conditions shared a profile and multiple risk characteristics suggesting these findings could be useful in assessing the risk for the most extreme cases of caries and overweight.
Effect of different intraoral scanners and scanbody splinting on accuracy of scanning implant‐supported full arch fixed prosthesis
Authors: Ashraf Yasmine , Abo El Fadl Ahmad , Hamdy Amina , Ebeid Kamal
Published: June 2023

Objective

This study evaluated the accuracy of different intraoral scanners (IOS) for scanning of implant‐supported full arch fixed prosthesis with different implant angulations with and without scanbodies splinting.

Materials and Methods

Two maxillary models were designed and fabricated to receive an all‐on‐four implant retained. The models were divided into two groups according to the angulation of the posterior implant (Group 1; 30 and Group 2; 45). Each group was then divided into three subgroups according to the type of IOS used: Subgroup C; Primescan, subgroup T; Trios4, and subgroup M; Medit i600. Then each subgroup was divided into two divisions according to scanning technique; division S: splinted and division N: nonsplinted. Ten scans were made by each scanner for every division. Trueness and precision were analyzed using Geomagic controlX analysis software.

Results

Angulation had no significant effect on both the trueness (p = 0.854) and precision (p = 0.347). Splinting had a significant effect on trueness and precision (p < 0.001). Scanner type had a significant effect on trueness (p < 0.001) and precision (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between trueness of Trios 4 (112.15 ± 12.85) and Primescan (106.75 ± 22.58). However, there was a significant difference when compared to trueness of Medit i600 (158.50 ± 27.65). For the precision results Cerec Primescan showed the highest precision (95.45 ± 33.21). There was a significant difference between the three scanners, precision of Trios4 (109.72 ± 19.24) and Medit i600 (121.21 ± 17.26).

Conclusion

Cerec Primescan has higher trueness and precision than Trios 4 and Medit i600 in full arch implants scanning. Splinting the scanbodies improve the accuracy of full arch implants scanning.

Clinical Significance

Cerec Primescan and 3Shape Trios 4 can be used for scanning of All‐on‐four implant supported prosthesis when scanbodies are splinted using a modular chain device.
Endoscopic treatment of pancreatic necrosis: Still searching for perfection!
Authors: Rana Surinder Singh
Published: June 2023

Over last few years, there has been a paradigm shift in the management of infected pancreatic necrosis with endoscopic and minimally invasive “step‐up” management approach replacing open surgical necrosectomy. Because of being associated with reduced occurrence of new onset multi‐organ failure, external pancreatic fistulae, shorter hospital stay, lower costs, and better quality of life compared with minimally invasive surgical approach, endoscopic “step‐up” management approach is the preferred intervention for endoscopically accessible pancreatic necrotic collections at expert centers with endoscopic expertise. Development of lumen apposing metal stents and improvised accessories for interventional endoscopic ultrasound has revolutionized the endoscopic management of pancreatic necrosis making it more effective and safer. Despite these promising developments, endoscopic transluminal necrosectomy (ETN) remains the Achilles heel. Lack of dedicated endoscopic accessories, poor endoscopic visualization within the necrotic cavity, limited diameter of the instrument channel of the endoscope that is a significant impediment to remove large amount of necrotic material, and uncertain ability to avoid vessels and vital structures in the necrotic cavity are important limitations during endoscopic necrosectomy. Recent devices and solutions including use of cap assisted necrosectomy, over the scope grasper and powered endoscopic debridement device are welcome steps in our pursuit for an ideal, safer, and efficacious ETN device. This review will discuss recent advances as well as challenges in the endoscopic management of pancreatic necrosis.
The role of eosinophil as a diagnostic, differential, and prognostic marker for Covid‐19 during pregnancy: Case–control study from tertiary center
Authors: Atalay Aysegul , Sinaci Selcan , Besimoglu Berhan , Ozkavak Onur , Kaya Ecem , Kara Ozgur , Sahin Dilek
Published: June 2023

Purpose

To evaluate the level of eosinophil count in Covid‐19 pregnant patients as a cost‐effective tool for aiding in diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and prognosis and, to assess whether eosinopenia could be similar or superior to lymphopenia in pregnancy with Covid‐19.

Methods

Retrospective case–control study was conducted including pregnant women tested simultaneously for SARS‐CoV‐2 by RT‐PCR and complete blood count (CBC). Eosinophil counts (EOS), lymphocytes (LYM), neutrophils (NEU) with calculation of EOS/LYM ratio, EOS/NEU ratio, NEU/LYM ratio, LYM/NEU ratio (LNR), eosinopenia, and lymphopenia were compared between the groups. ROC analysis was performed for determination of optimal cut‐off values and comparative analysis between AUC were performed using the paired sample design. Logistic regression was used to determine the factors affecting the categorical variables.

Results

Four thousand two hundred sixteen pregnant women were included in the final analysis of which (n = 845) as healthy control group, (n = 1482) as non Covid‐19 patient group and (n = 1889) as Covid‐19 group. Covid‐19 group was divided into three subgroups based on severity. To diagnose and distinguish Covid‐19 from other infectious conditions, EOS had better performance with higher area under curve (AUC) (0.769 and 0.757 AUC, respectively, p < 0.001). Categorically, eosinopenia had better diagnostic (Covid‐19 vs. healthy), prognostic (severe–critical vs. mild–moderate), and differential diagnostic (Covid‐19 vs. non Covid‐19) performance than lymphopenia (OR = 5.5 vs. 3.4, OR = 3.4 vs. 1.8, OR = 5.4 vs. 2.7 p = 0.000).

Conclusion

Eosinopenia is a low‐cost, reliable, and convenient marker for Covid‐19 not only in diagnosis, but also in prognosis by acting as an early marker for predicting severe–critical cases.
Observed Mask Use in Kindergarten Through Grade 12 Schools in Georgia—Fall, 2021
Authors: Hall LaShonda L. , Thomas Ebony S. , Mahon Garrett , Rose Charles E. , Harwell Osizwe R.
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

Universal masking, with additional layered prevention strategies, was an essential tool for limiting the transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 and ensuring a safe return to in‐person learning for kindergarten through 12th grade (K‐12) students and staff. Few studies have examined mask adherence in this setting and none have described types of masks worn or locations of mask adherence. This project sought to assess mask adherence, types worn, and location of mask adherence in K‐12 settings.

METHODS

This study used direct in‐person observations to measure the proportion of persons wearing masks correctly; type of masks worn; and location of mask adherence in 19 K‐12 schools in Georgia.

RESULTS

A total of 16,222 observations were conducted. Among those observed, 85.2% wore masks, with 80.3% wearing the mask correctly. Persons in high school were less likely to wear masks correctly. Correct mask use was most often observed among persons wearing N95‐type masks. The prevalence of persons wearing masks correctly in transitional spaces was 5% higher than in congregate spaces.

CONCLUSION

In K‐12 schools with a universal masking policy, correct mask adherence was high among individuals. Examining adherence to recommended prevention measures can provide K‐12 schools feedback to inform targeted messaging and policies during future disease outbreaks.
Preoperative Prevalence and Risk Factors For Calf Muscular Vein Thrombosis in Elderly Patients with Hip Fracture
Authors: Pan Sheng , Zhou Shen , Ruze Xie‐yi‐dai , Jin Wang‐yi , Yan Zi‐wen , Peng Da‐lin , Guo Kai‐jin , Wang Yang‐yu‐fan , Zheng Xin
Published: June 2023

Objective

Increasing evidence has shown that calf muscular vein thrombosis (CMVT) can develop into proximal deep vein thrombosis, even causing pulmonary embolism. However, opinions about the prevalence and risk factors are still controversial. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for CMVT in elderly patients with hip fractures to facilitate their preoperative management.

Methods

We included 419 elderly patients with hip fracture who were treated in the orthopaedic department of our hospital from June 2017 to December 2020. The patients were divided into CMVT and non‐CMVT groups based on color Doppler ultrasound screening of the venous system in the lower extremities. Clinical data, such as age, sex, body mass index, time from injury to admission, and laboratory data were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine independent risk factors for CMVT. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze the predictive effectiveness of the model. Finally, the clinical utility of the model was analyzed using decision curve analysis and clinical impact curves.

Results

The prevalence of preoperative CMVT was 30.5% (128/419). Independent predictors of preoperative CMVT identified by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were sex, time from injury to admission, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, C‐reactive protein (CRP) level, and D‐dimer level (p < 0.05). The area under curve (AUC) was 0.750 (95% CI: 0.699–0.800, p < 0.001) and the sensitivity and specificity were 0.698 and 0.711, respectively, which meant the prediction model has a good efficacy in the prediction of CMVT risk. In addition, the fitting degree of the prediction model was also good (Hosmer–Lemeshow χ2 = 8.447, p > 0.05). The clinical utility of the model was verified using decision curve analysis and clinical impact curves.

Conclusion

Sex, time from injury to admission, ASA classification, CRP level, and D‐dimer levels are independent preoperative predictors of CMVT in elderly patients with hip fractures. Measures should be taken for patients with these risk factors to prevent the occurrence and deterioration of CMVT.
Endocardial substrate of ventricular tachycardia in an adult patient with congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries without surgical repair
Authors: González‐Lozano Jaime , Ballesteros Gabriel , Cano Joaquín , Osorio Diego , Urbano Cristóbal
Published: June 2023

Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CCTGA) is a rare congenital heart disease which may present sudden cardiac death presumably due to malignant ventricular tachycardia (VT). In patients with congenital heart disease, knowledge of arrhythmogenic substrate is crucial for planning an ablation procedure. We present the first description of the arrhythmogenic endocardial substrate of a non‐iatrogenic scar‐related VT in a patient with CCTGA.
Pediatric posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: Age related clinico‐radiological profile and neurologic outcomes
Authors: Ekinci Faruk , Yildizdas Dincer , Horoz Ozden Ozgur , Gul Mert Gulen , Kaya Omer , Bayram Ibrahim , Atmis Bahriye , Leblebisatan Goksel , Sezgin Gulay , Yavas Damla Pinar
Published: June 2023

Background

The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics of pediatric posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) to determine clinical and radiologic differences between younger and older age groups, and to identify risk factors for development of any neurologic sequelae.

Methods

The study cohort consisted of confirmed pediatric PRES patients in a tertiary care university hospital from January, 2015, to December, 2020. Demographic and clinical properties, radiological manifestations, and neurologic outcomes were noted. Children aged ≤6 years were compared with those older than 6 years and factors affecting neurologic outcomes were evaluated.

Results

The most common underlying diseases were oncological (37%) and kidney diseases (29%). Epileptic seizures were the most frequent symptoms at initial clinical presentation. The regions in the brain that were most commonly involved were the occipital region (n = 65, 96%), the parietal region (n = 52, 77%), and the frontal lobe (n = 35, 54%). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were consistent with atypical patterns in most of the study cohort (71%). Patients with unfavorable clinical outcomes (n = 13, 19.1%) had longer initial seizure times and longer encephalopathy times, lower leucocyte and absolute neutrophil counts, and lower neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios. No relationship was found between MRI findings, involvement patterns, and neurologic outcomes.

Conclusions

No clinically specific differences between two different age groups were found. Atypical imaging manifestations of pediatric PRES in our study had an incidence that was as high as those found in earlier adult studies. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the initial neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, absolute neutrophil counts, and white cell counts could not predict poor neurologic outcomes.
Effect of pregnancy length on the early development of Bengal kittens
Authors: Wójcik W. , Riedel J. , Pałka K. , Pipková V. , Adamczyk A. , Domańska M. , Kizierowska M. , Kurek A.
Published: June 2023

In cat breeding, an important step is reproduction and obtaining healthy offspring. The main factor determining the survival of newborn kittens is the normal course and length of pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of gestation length on the early development of kittens. It was shown that kittens (premature kittens) later double their body weight (p < .01), have lower daily gains (p < .01) and higher body weight during eye‐opening (p < .01), which occurs later than in kittens born on time. In addition, due to a shorter period of prenatal development, they require more time until the day of eye‐opening, which, together with the length of pregnancy, was defined as development age.
Linking below‐ and aboveground indicators under different forest restoration interventions in a mosaic landscape with different land‐use legacies
Authors: Alfaro García Rosaura G. , Douterlungne David , López Lozano Nguyen E. , Huber‐Sannwald Elisabeth , García‐Oliva Felipe
Published: June 2023

Deforestation and forest degradation continue at alarming rates. Landowners often clear forest patches for alternative use, creating landscape mosaics of different land‐use legacies. Ecological restoration is usually monitored by aboveground processes, while belowground processes are far less studied. We addressed how the abundance and activity of nutrient improvement bacteria contribute to restoration success, considering different restoration interventions and land‐use legacies. We assessed the abundance and potential activity of N‐fixing and P‐mineralizing bacteria in the rhizosphere of 279 two‐year‐old Quercus mexicana plantlets in a disturbed oak forest in central Mexico. We analyzed the differences across landscape patches (eroded landslide, pastureland, and forest) of four common restoration interventions: passive restoration, artificial shading, topsoil translocation, and combining both treatments. Restoration interventions modified soil functioning differently across landscape patches with a significant increase of P‐mineralizing bacteria abundance and potential activity in the landslide and pastureland. In contrast, N‐fixing bacteria increased only in the landslide site where we registered the lowest organic matter content. Surprisingly, interventions that enhance bacterial activity and abundance do not necessarily improve short‐term seedling performance. We recommend considering the landscape heterogeneity to better match the restoration interventions with the prevailing degradation factor in each landscape patch. Also, combining restoration strategies does not necessarily result in synergy and may imply a useless expense of resources. Finally, monitoring soil health provides novel insights to understand restoration trajectories that remain undetected when focusing only on seedling performance.