bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aplicação de resíduos da agroindústria e agropecuária na cultura de Raphanus sativus L.
Authors: Sperandio Isadora Fernanda , Bocaleti Luiz Henrique dos Reis , Gasparotto Francielli , Paccola Edneia Aparecida de Souza
Published: July 2021

Os resíduos gerados pela agroindústria e agropecuária podem poluir o ambiente quando descartados de maneira incorreta. A reutilização destes resíduos é uma alternativa sustentável possibilitando um equilibro ambiental, econômico e social para o planeta. Este trabalho visou avaliar as diferentes doses de cama de frango e resíduos de Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Bertoni na cultura de Raphanus sativus L. (rabanete). Realizou-se um experimento em vasos com delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos, contendo compostos orgânicos que foram: (T1) latossolo vermelho, (T2) 100% do resíduo de S. rebaudiana, (T3) 100% de cama de frango, (T4) 75% do resíduo de S. rebaudiana e 25 % de cama de frango, (T5) 50% do resíduo de S. rebaudiana e 50% de cama de frango e (T6) 25% do resíduo de S.  rebaudiana e 75% de cama de frango, com 10 repetições cada tratamento. A avaliação foi realizada 25 dias após o plantio das mudas de rabanete. As variáveis avaliadas foram os parâmetros biométricos como altura da planta, comprimento da raiz, número de folhas, área foliar e peso da matéria seca. A análise química do resíduo de S. rebaudiana apresentou uma quantidade considerável de potássio, indicando a presença de um nutriente importante para a cultura do rabanete. Os rabanetes cultivados com 100% do resíduo de S. rebaudiana (T2), apresentaram um crescimento e desenvolvimento da parte aérea e das raízes maiores em relação aos outros tratamentos. Já as plantas que foram cultivadas em concentrações maiores de 50% de cama de frango morreram no início do desenvolvimento. A utilização deste resíduo agroindustrial S. rebaudiana, sugeriu benefícios à cultura do rabanete e, também, como uma forma correta de destinação deste composto no ambiente.
Indicadores de sustentabilidade ambiental para o território quilombola Serra da Guia/SE
Authors: Feitosa Flávia Regina Sobral , Castilho Cláudio Jorge Moura de , Faccioli Gregório Guirado
Published: July 2021

Indicadores de sustentabilidade ambiental são ferramentas que possibilitam análise detalhada das formas de uso e ocupação do solo, auxiliando na gestão e proposição de estratégias de planejamento territorial mais eficazes para promover a sustentabilidade ambiental. Neste sentido, o objetivo desse trabalho foi de mensurar indicadores de sustentabilidade ambiental para a território quilombola Serra da Guia no município de Poço Redondo/SE. Para tanto, foram consultados 111 moradores do quilombo Serra da Guia e elaborados mapas de uso e ocupação do solo, mapas de áreas de APP e conflito de uso do solo no ano de 2020 para seleção de indicadores ambientais, além de serem realizadas visitas in loco para análise das ações antrópicas na área. Os resultados indicam que o quilombo possui índice de sustentabilidade ambiental regular, (0,4167) e que os indicadores com os piores valores foram ‘Destinação de Resíduos Sólidos’, ‘Saneamento’ e ‘% APP’ seguidos da ‘Paisagem’. Notou-se ainda, que é evidente o conflito de uso e ocupação do solo nas áreas destinadas à preservação, de maneira que o uso causador dos conflitos mais comuns refere-se aos da pastagem e do solo exposto, demonstrando a presença de atividade antrópica nas áreas legalmente protegidas. Assim, são necessárias políticas de recuperação das áreas de proteção ambiental, pois as APP são importantes instrumentos para a conservação dos ecossistemas.
Vivências comunitárias na contribuição de políticas de gestão de desastres naturais
Authors: Martins Danielle Paula , Figueiredo João Alcione Sganderla , Guerra Teresinha , Quevedo Daniela MÃ¼ller de
Published: July 2021

Este trabalho aborda a perspectiva das comunidades residentes em áreas de risco de desastres, e destaca os valores preconizados e estabelecidos pela população como pilares para orientar políticas de gestão de riscos mais eficaz. São expressos os sentimentos, memórias, histórias, percepções e convivências estabelecidas entre atores sociais e as ameaças impostas pelas chuvas, pelo relevo e pela condição de vulnerabilidade social. Compreender as vivências comunitárias possibilita o contato com as suscetibilidades sociais e o reconhecimento da legitimidade das interações estabelecidas pelos atores sociais com o ambiente. Esses achados podem indicar elementos para minimização dos conflitos e contribuir para uma política de justiça territorial. Como ferramenta de coleta de dados, foi aplicado um questionário à 136 indivíduos residentes nas áreas de movimentos de massa, e 12 entrevistas em profundidade com moradores de áreas de deslizamento e inundação, em um município no sul do Brasil, seguida de análise de conteúdo e estatística. O sentimento de pertencimento ao local, as adaptações e estratégias de mitigação, a importância da rede comunitária, além da crença do Divino e descrença nas estruturas institucionais que atuam no campo dos desastres, reflete parte dos resultados desta pesquisa. A vulnerabilidade social é presente e o distanciamento das comunidades com as estratégias adotadas pelos entes públicos chamam a atenção, demonstrando as falhas das políticas de gestão das áreas que apresentam risco. As medidas de proteção, realocação, controle do uso e ocupação das áreas de riscos naturais poderão atenuar as consequências sobre a vida das famílias se o poder público considerar suas histórias, valores e vivências das comunidades.
Quality of resection in emergency colon cancer surgery – a retrospective study
Authors: Nicolaescu Andrei , Margaritescu Dragos , Bica Marius , Marinescu Daniela , Bratiloveanu Tudor , Graure Georgiana , Patrascu Stefan , Sapalidis Konstantinos , Surlin Valeriu
Published: July 2021

Background. The surgical attitude and the treatment towards colon cancer did not change significantly over the past
years. The most important features in achieving oncologically safe surgery are clean resection wedges and the
removal of the locoregional lymph nodes. This study aimed to identify if emergency colon cancer surgery has any
influence on the type and quality of resections. Methods. We performed a retrospective study of 163 patients admitted
in our surgical department with colon cancer who underwent an oncological resection. The patients were divided in
two groups: group A included patients that underwent emergency surgery in the emergency and group B included
patients undergoing elective surgery. A comparative analysis of intraoperative markers for oncologic quality of
resection and for the postoperative outcomes was performed.
Results. Of the 163 patients included in this study, 104 were operated in the emergency setting and 59 as elective
cases. The preoperative status of patients indicated that emergency cases had a more precarious nutritional and
biological status. When the quality of oncologic resection was analyzed, no differences were observed. A higher
number of ostomies were created in group A, as well as worse postoperative outcomes. Conclusion. Emergency
surgery for colon cancer did not affect the quality of resection, but the morbidity was higher in patients who presented
as surgical emergency.
The Utility of Biomarkers in Diagnosing and Predicting Outcomes in Acute Mesenteric Ischemia
Authors: Pirvu Cătălin Alexandru , Bratosin Felix , Nica Cristian , Cârțu Dan , Ștefan Patrascu , Șurlin Valeriu , Sapalidis Konstantions , Georgescu Eugen , Georgescu Ion , Pantea Stelian
Published: July 2021

Background: Acute intestinal ischemia stands as the most lethal acute condition encountered by general
surgeons and one of the deadliest pathologies in medicine triggered by thromboembolic events. The patients’
survival decreases dramatically to a lower than 30% rate when diagnosed after 24 hours, thus early diagnosis
with proper surgical or vascular intervention is mandatory. This study aims to determine the utility of biomarkers
and routine blood tests in assessing the severity and mortality risk for patients with acute mesenteric ischemia.
Methods: The study was developed on a prospective cross-sectional design over a period of five years, finding a
total of 147 patients who underwent emergency surgery after a high suspicion of acute mesenteric ischemia. The
available biomarkers used in our Clinic comprised a complete blood count, total bilirubin, CK, CK-MB, LDH, AST,
ALT, amylase, and cholinesterase. Results: The leukocyte count (OR=1.105), hemoglobin (OR=3.912), LDH
(OR=1.144), NLR (OR=1.154), and LLR (OR=1.286) were all independent and significant risk factors for AMI
diagnosis. These covariates proved a good and reliable tool for diagnosing AMI with a 75.3% predicted
probability. Conclusion: The prediction tool proved reliable, although it should only be considered in the clinical
context where the surgeon suspects a case of acute mesenteric ischemia. The proposed model should be further
investigated and validated in larger studies.
Illness: Narratives, Imagery, and Politics
Authors:   School of Humanities, Tallinn University, Estonia, Monticelli Daniele
Published: July 2021

The article uses the review of a seminar, an exhibition, and a graduate conference, which took place at Tallinn University in the 2020–2021 academic year, as an occasion to reflect on the different ways in which illness has been represented in literature, the arts, and film across the history of Western culture. The specific focus of the article is on the theoretical contribution of the humanities to a more complex and adequate understanding of the phenomenon of illness. The study of illness narratives reveals different patterns and strategies of constructing the illness experience into a coherent and meaningful story, but also the resistance that the disruptive impact of illness on our everyday lives poses to narrativisation. The complex historical imagery which endows the biological fact of being sick with additional cultural and social meaning has also to be critically investigated in the humanities and social sciences. Metaphors about illness and the use of illness as a socio-political metaphor have often had a nefarious impact on sick people as well as entire social groups and communities. This is why the article also considers illness in its relations with politics and power and describes various attempts to empower sick people in their relations with medical institutions and their social environment. The article ends with a review of the “Illness: Narratives, Imagery, Politics” graduate conference (27–28 January 2021), which is a good illustration of the many literary and artistic works and of the plurality of methods that can be used in the study of the illness phenomenon from a humanities perspective.
Trauma and the Victim Economy
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Troitskiy Sergey
Published: July 2021

The history of the twentieth century is filled with examples of mass murder and destruction of entire nations. Survivors of those traumatic events have horrific memories, which cannot be compared to anything that may happen in the course of an ordinary quiet life. However, coping strategies for overcoming the consequences of such traumatic experience were also developed in the twentieth century. It was made possible by conceptualisation of trauma as a cultural and psychological phenomenon at the level of theory and practice in various sciences. Introduction of this concept into the flesh and blood of modern (popular) culture, or rather its inclusion in the fabric of everyday cultural practices, transformed the concept of trauma into a mechanism of culture. Trauma developed into a concept, as we know it, because it functioned as one of the cultural clichés of the era, according to which economics, politics, science, literature, etc., are built. Of course, mass exterminations of people took place even before the twentieth century; however, they were not interpreted as historical traumas as we interpret them now because, firstly, a sense of distance from the event was not developed, which is characteristic of traumatic interpretation, and, secondly, the narratives corresponded to other cultural clichés (typical of those epochs), which served as the basis for political mechanics, economic processes, etc. This article identifies the main features characterising the functioning of trauma as a cultural mechanism. This objective is achieved by appealing to political economy and Baudrillard’s and Derrida’s critique of the victim order. In this study the term “loss” is used as an umbrella term for various traumatic constructs, such as the victim and the trauma itself. They are characterised as objects of a credit relationship between subjects (both individual and collective), according to which the victim (trauma) construct could be described as a debt obligation that must be fulfilled by paying off a symbolic debt. The study identifies all the acting forces (parties) in the trauma construct, which give form to this construct. The author draws attention to the spatial (topographical) accent of the traumatic narrative, as well as to the necessity of toponymic localisation of the active forces in space.
The importance of spawning behavior in understanding the vulnerability of exploited marine fishes in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Biggs Christopher R. , Heyman William D. , Farmer Nicholas A. , Kobara Shin’ichi , Bolser Derek G. , Robinson Jan , Lowerre-Barbieri Susan K. , Erisman Brad E.
Published: July 2021

The vulnerability of a fish stock to becoming overfished is dependent upon biological traits that influence productivity and external factors that determine susceptibility or exposure to fishing effort. While a suite of life history traits are traditionally incorporated into management efforts due to their direct association with vulnerability to overfishing, spawning behavioral traits are seldom considered. We synthesized the existing biological and fisheries information of 28 fish stocks in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico to investigate relationships between life history traits, spawning behavioral traits, management regulations, and vulnerability to fishing during the spawning season. Our results showed that spawning behavioral traits were not correlated with life history traits but improved identification of species that have been historically overfished. Species varied widely in their intrinsic vulnerability to fishing during spawning in association with a broad range of behavioral strategies. Extrinsic vulnerability was high for nearly all species due to exposure to fishing during the spawning season and few management measures in place to protect spawning fish. Similarly, several species with the highest vulnerability scores were historically overfished in association with spawning aggregations. The most vulnerable species included several stocks that have not been assessed and should be prioritized for further research and monitoring. Collectively, the results of this study illustrate that spawning behavior is a distinct aspect of fish ecology that is important to consider for predictions of vulnerability and resilience to fisheries exploitation.
Genome-wide association study of yield components in spring wheat collection harvested under two water regimes in Northern Kazakhstan
Authors: Amalova Akerke , Abugalieva Saule , Babkenov Adylkhan , Babkenova Sandukash , Turuspekov Yerlan
Published: July 2021

Background

Bread wheat is the most important cereal in Kazakhstan, where it is grown on over 12 million hectares. One of the major constraints affecting wheat grain yield is drought due to the limited water supply. Hence, the development of drought-resistant cultivars is critical for ensuring food security in this country. Therefore, identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with drought tolerance as an essential step in modern breeding activities, which rely on a marker-assisted selection approach.

Methods

A collection of 179 spring wheat accessions was tested under irrigated and rainfed conditions in Northern Kazakhstan over three years (2018, 2019, and 2020), during which data was collected on nine traits: heading date (HD), seed maturity date (SMD), plant height (PH), peduncle length (PL), number of productive spikes (NPS), spike length (SL), number of kernels per spike (NKS), thousand kernel weight (TKW), and kernels yield per m2 (YM2). The collection was genotyped using a 20,000 (20K) Illumina iSelect SNP array, and 8,662 polymorphic SNP markers were selected for a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify QTLs for targeted agronomic traits.

Results

Out of the total of 237 discovered QTLs, 50 were identified as being stable QTLs for irrigated and rainfed conditions in the Akmola region, Northern Kazakhstan; the identified QTLs were associated with all the studied traits except PH. The results indicate that nine QTLs for HD and 11 QTLs for SMD are presumably novel genetic factors identified in the irrigated and rainfed conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. The identified SNP markers of the QTLs for targeted traits in rainfed conditions can be applied to develop new competitive spring wheat cultivars in arid zones using a marker-assisted selection approach.
Acetazolamide-Induced Ciliochoroidal Effusion In A Patient With Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma
Authors: Aguiar Marushka , D’Costa Naomi Desiree , Ugam  , Usgaonkar P.S.
Published: July 2021

Aim:

We describe a male patient, with Pseudoexfoliation glaucoma who developed bilateral ciliochoroidal effusions after Acetazolamide ingestion.

Observations:

Our patient was referred from a local health centre with history of ocular pain, redness and headache following ingestion of acetazolamide. Clinical examination suggested Angle closure glaucoma. A B-scan ultrasound confirmed the bilateral ciliochoroidal effusions. He was treated by omission of acetazolamide and started on appropriate management. Two weeks later, the bilateral ciliochoroidal effusions and acute angle closure were resolved.

Conclusion:

To the best of our knowledge, drug-induced bilateral ciliochoroidal effusion syndrome has not been reported with acetazolamide in Pseudoexfoliation syndrome.
A Rare Case Of Acanthamoeba Endophthalmitis Following Cataract Surgery
Authors: Raval Vishal , Saxena Rushil , Joseph Joveeta , Sharma Savitri , Narayanan Raja
Published: July 2021

Acanthamoeba are ubiquitous microorganisms and are considered opportunistic pathogens in humans. Acanthamoeba infection involving the vitreous, retina or choroid is uncommon and is mostly seen following corneal infections or corneal transplant surgeries. (1,2) We present a rare case of post-operative endophthalmitis due to Acanthamoeba in a 30-year old gentleman who underwent cataract surgery in his left eye. The initial routine microscopy and culture reports were negative for bacteria and fungus, and inspite of empirical treatment for endophthamitis, the patient's ocular condition worsened. Following multiple vitrectomy surgery and repeated negative culture as well as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for bacteria, virus and fungi, PCR for Acanthamoeba species was reported positive. On starting the patient on intravitreal and topical voriconazole along with oral ketoconazole the patient's eye condition improved with moderate recovery of visual acuity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case reported of Acanthamoeba endophthalmitis following cataract surgery.
Medical Students Attitude & Knowledge of Psychiatry an Impact of Psychiatry Posting
Authors: Behere Prakash B. , Chowdhury Debolina , Behere Aniruddh P. , Yadav Richa
Published: July 2021

India being a signatory to Alma-Ata declaration, envisaged ‘Health for all by the year 2000” and hence should look into training undergraduates in psychiatry. Medical students’ attitude towards psychiatry are determined by complex inter lacing variables. Low recruitment is a serious challenge for psychiatry worldwide. Moreover, psychiatry is poorly represented in medical education and undergraduate training in psychiatry and behavioral sciences in most medical colleges in India is unsatisfactory. Keeping these facts in mind, this study was carried out to assess the influence of psychiatry training, including direct patient contact on attitude of medical students towards mental illness. This study was conducted at Department of Psychiatry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Science, Sevagram, Wardha, Maharashtra. Second year MBBS students were evaluated with a pre and posttest during their 2 weeks posting in the Psychiatry department. There was some improvement in attitude & knowledge of undergraduate medical students about mental health after two weeks of psychiatry posting. The improvement in male medical students is more than three times of that seen in female medical students, after two weeks of training. The existing M.C.I. recommendations need serious considerations for implementation in each & every Medical College of India. As per the current curriculum, the introduction to psychiatry is in the 1st term during lectures on behavioral sciences following which they not exposed again until the 5th semester when the undergraduate students are required to attend 40 hours lectures parallel to 4 weeks clinical posting culminating with compulsory short note questions worth 20 marks included in paper II of the General Medicine exam. Finally, another two weeks of psychiatry posting is mandatory during internship. Female medical students have shown deterioration in their attitudes & knowledge over more questions than male counterparts. Hence it can be deduced that, males tend to learn better by experience.
Glycaemic Regulation with Zinc Combination in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Bhadarge Gangaram , Dawande Pratibha , Bankar Nandkishor , Kotecha Raunak
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Zn supplementation improved glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity and decreased malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels in diabetic rats, revealing Zn's defensive effect against oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes. The investigators have discovered that consuming Zn increased liver function and protected pancreatic tissue from damage caused by diabetes. Since Zn also prevents chronic hyperglycemia, it helps to minimize oxidative stress caused by type 2 diabetes. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health problem that affects more than 3 million people worldwide (16% of population). Chronic hyperglycemia causes oxidative stress in diabetic patients by the development of free radicals (oxidants) and lowering the antioxidant protection mechanism.

Aim: Glycaemic Regulation with Zinc Combination in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Materials and Methods: Faculty of Medicine and Diabetic Opd, Datta Meghe Mediсаl Соllege and Shаlinitаi Meghe Hоsрitаl аnd Reseаrсh Сenter, Nаgрur in соllаbоrаtion with Dаttа Meghe Institute оf Mediсаl Sсienсes Deemed to be University, Sаwаngi, Wаrdhа, Mаhаrаshtrа.

Results: The mean Zn level was 12.213±2.342in all participants and 9.121±1.782 in the control group, whereas it was significantly low (9.121±1.782) in the diabetic group, and there was statistically significant difference in Zn levels between the controls and the diabetic group (P < 0.001).FBS, HbA1C, serum Zinc mean effects between control and patients showed statistically significant differences in type 2 diabetes mellitus (P <0.0001).

Conclusion: Our findings show that people with diabetes have lower levels of Zn than healthy people. The cause and effect of the association between very low levels of Zn and the progression of diabetes, or diabetes that causes Zn deficiency, is still unknown. Low levels of Zn are associated with poor glycemic control, and poor glycemic control is a good indication of Zn deficiency, as there was a negative association between serum Zn and FBS and HBA1C. If diabetic patients have low glycemic regulation, a long history of diabetes, obesity, or are over the age of 50, we look to assess their levels in Zn so that Zn alternative treatment can begin to release oxidative stress in this high-risk group.
COVID-19 Pandemic: Health Impact and Social Responsibility
Authors: Chhabadia Gazal
Published: July 2021

Background: COVID-19 is wreaking havoc all around the world and the containment measures are in progress. Vaccine news may cheer up but social vaccine must continue to be employed.

Summary: COVID-19 has affected almost every aspect of the life mostly adversely and profound effect can be seen. Vulnerable sections are worst hit and need some kind of stimulus and help. Social responsibility of every citizen who are capable to help is kicked in as there is the time of distress. Digital divide and vulnerabilities cane be addressed through coordinated efforts between various agencies.

Conclusion: More coordinated examples need to be flashed so that more people can join these efforts. Huge amount of potential is still there as social responsibility needs to be taken by many of us. Social responsibility is the debt that we had taken from the society and we need to pay back it by various act of generosity. Even donating food and providing clothes to needy can be considered as act of kindness. Digital divide is increasing and socially responsible people can address it by pooling some resources from likeminded folks and easily tackle the digital divide and bridge.
Effect of Processing Methods on the Microbial and Physicochemical Qualities of Palm Oil Produced in Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Dokun Ariyo Olanrewaju , Anthony Ojokoh , Akinsola Akinyosoye Felix
Published: July 2021

This study was aimed at assessing the physicochemical and microbiological quality of Palm oil produced in Ondo State, Nigeria. Three palm oil extraction methods were used for the study. The oil samples were stored for six months, while the microbiological and physicochemical quality assessment were investigated monthly. Results show that the Free Fatty Acids (FFA), Acid Value, Peroxide Value, Iodine Value and Microbial counts of all the oil samples examined varied from one extraction method to the other over the storage period. The samples obtained through the traditional extraction methods had the least quality over the storage period. The total bacteria counts ranged from 0.66 – 3.45 x 104 cfu/ml for the mechanized, 1.25 – 4.50 x 104 cfu/ml for the semi-mechanized and 1.20 – 6.50 x 104 cfu/ml for the traditional method while the fungi count ranged from 0.30 - 5.33 x 104 sfu/ml for mechanized, 1.22 – 7.56 x 104 sfu/ml for the semi-mechanized and 2.30 – 8.56 x 104 sfu/ml for the traditional method. A range of microbes including some pathogenic, were isolated from Palm oil samples. Aspergillus flavus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus saprophyticus, Varicosporum elodeae, Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were the predominant species. However, Bacillus subtilis, Trichodema viridae and Bacillus cereus are the least isolated microorganisms. The oil extracted through the mechanized method had the lowest Free Fatty Acid (5.60 – 9.77%), Acid Value (11.20 – 20.18 MgKOH/g), Iodine Value (40.00 - 55.43 Wijs), and Peroxide Value (3.02 – 10.33 Meq/Kg) before and after storage than those extracted by the other methods. The sensory evaluation also showed preference for the palm oil extracted using the mechanized process compared to the other methods, as it retained its qualities significantly over the storage period.
Sequence requirements of the FFAT‐like motif for specific binding to VAP‐A are revealed by NMR
Authors: Furuita Kyoko , Hiraoka Marina , Hanada Kentaro , Fujiwara Toshimichi , Kojima Chojiro
Published: July 2021

The endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane protein vesicle‐associated membrane protein‐associated protein (VAP) plays a central role in the formation and function of membrane contact sites (MCS) through its interactions with proteins. The major sperm protein (MSP) domain of VAP binds to a variety of sequences which are referred to as FFAT‐like motifs. In this study, we investigated the interactions of eight peptides containing FFAT‐like motifs with the VAP‐A MSP domain (VAP‐AMSP) by solution NMR. Six of eight peptides are specifically bound to VAP‐A. Furthermore, we found that the RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has an FFAT‐like motif which specifically binds to VAP‐AMSP as well as other FFAT‐like motifs. Our results will contribute to the discovery of new VAP interactors.
Light‐Controlled Precise Delivery of NIR‐Responsive Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles with Promoted Vascular Permeability
Authors: Qi Weizhi , Li Tingting , Zhang Chen , Liu Fei , Wang Jun , Chen Dandan , Fang Xiaofeng , Wu Changfeng , Li Kai , Xi Lei
Published: July 2021

The endothelial barrier plays an essential role in health and disease by protecting organs from toxins while allowing nutrients to access the circulation. However, it is the major obstacle that limits the delivery of therapeutic drugs to the diseased tissue. Here, it is reported for the first time that near‐infrared (NIR) laser pulses can transiently promote the delivery of semiconducting polymer nanoparticles passing the vascular barrier via photoacoustic‐effect‐induced accumulation, only by the aid of pulse laser irradiation. This strategy enables selective and substantial accumulation of the NIR‐absorbing nanoparticles inside specific tissues, implying the discovery of an unprecedented approach for light‐controlled nanoparticle delivery. Especially, the nanoparticle delivery in solid tumors by 10‐min laser scanning is approximately six times higher than that of the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect in 24 h under current experimental conditions. Further results confirm that this strategy facilitates substantial accumulation of nanoparticles in the mouse brain with intact skull. This approach thus opens a new door for tissue‐specific delivery of nanomaterials with an unprecedented level of efficiency and precision.
Custom‐Built Graphene Acoustic‐Absorbing Aerogel for Audio Signal Recognition
Authors: Li Zengling , Yang Hongsheng , Lupi Stefano , Li Yuanyuan , Sun Xiaotong , Liu Xiaoting , Chen Nan , Cheng Huhu , Qu Liangti
Published: July 2021

Porous acoustic‐absorbing materials currently used to solve noise pollution mainly include polyurethane composite materials and porous fibers which are dedicated to achieving good noise reduction effects in a wide frequency range. Nevertheless, traditional porous acoustic‐absorbing materials face irreparable defects as required by the multifunction and high energy efficiency. The reason is nothing more than the internal microstructure of conventional acoustic‐absorbing materials is difficult to be precisely controlled by macroscopic operations, resulting in poor mass transfer capability and low energy conversion efficiency. In this work, by customized design of controlled mechanical foaming and atmospheric drying technique, a custom‐built graphene aerogel (cGA) as acoustic‐absorbing material with an acoustic absorption coefficient approaching 100% is prepared, which can efficiently absorb noise at an assigned frequency (2000–6000 Hz range) according to individual needs. Through simple stacking, cGAs expand from single‐frequency absorption to multi‐frequency high‐efficiency absorption. What is more significant is that a single aerogel has electrical signal responses of different intensities to sounds of different frequencies, which allows to build the aerogel into an acoustic detector to convert noise signals into electrical signals and realize the goal of sound fingerprint detection.
Overcoming Ni3+‐Induced Non‐Radiative Recombination at Perovskite‐Nickel Oxide Interfaces to Boost Voltages in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Guo Yaxiong , Ma Junjie , Wang Haibing , Ye Feihong , Xiong Liangbin , Lei Hongwei , Tan Zuojun
Published: July 2021

Nickel oxide (NiOx) is desirable hole selective material (HSMs) for perovskite photovoltaics because of the characteristic in stability and low cost. However, they deliver limited open‐circuit voltage (VOC) compared to some organic HSMs. As it is known, the performance of perovskite solar cells is predominantly limited by trap‐assisted non‐radiative recombination at the perovskite/hole‐selective layer interfaces. A typical lithium‐doping strategy leads to the valence‐band maximum shift and the electronic levels of NiOx can be tuned robustly to match perovskite active layer in perovskite solar cells. More critically, carrier dynamics studies demonstrate another critical PN4N interlayer strategy reduced interfacial density of defect sites and trap‐assisted recombination. These merits contribute coordinately to lower energy loss across the perovskite/NiOx interface and facilitate charge transport process through the relevant interface, yielding VOC values increase to 1.14 V and power conversion efficiencies over 20%.
Optimizing row spacing increased radiation use efficiency and yield of maize
Authors: Li Rongfa , Zhang Guoqiang , Xie Ruizhi , Hou Peng , Ming Bo , Xue Jun , Wang Keru , Li Shaokun
Published: July 2021

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of row spacing and plant density on maize (Zea mays L.) yield and radiation use efficiency (RUE). This experiment that was conducted in 2018 and 2019 contained two plant densities (90,000 and 120,000 plant ha−1) and four row spacings (60–50, 70–40, 80–30, and 90–20 cm). In this experiment the distance between four rows in the 60–50 treatment was 50, 60, and 50 cm, whereas the distance between four maize rows in the 90–20 treatment was 20, 90, and 20 cm. For a given planting rate, the leaf area index (LAI) for the 70–40 treatment was higher than the 60–50, 80–30, or 90–20 treatments. The averaged post‐silking RUE was 11.1% higher in the high (HD) than low density (LD) seeding. Planting maize in a 70–40 arrangement had higher post‐silking RUE than planting in the 80–30 and 90–20 cm arrangements. These grain numbers per ear decreased and grain numbers per square increased with increased planting densities under the same planting patterns. Compared to LD, the average annual grain yield of DH618, KWS9384 and KWS2030 in HD increased by 5.21, 4.84, and 3.68%, respectively. Compared to 90–20 treatment, the average annual grain yield under 60–50, 70–40, and 80–30 treatments increased by 7.20, 6.39, and 5.20% in LD, and 5.15, 6.39, and 1.72% in HD, respectively. Therefore, we concluded that 60–50, 70–40, and 80–30 treatments in LD, 60–50 and 70–40 treatments in HD will increase grain yields in the tested environment.
Conservation agriculture for food security and climate resilience in Nepal
Authors: Joshi Deepak R. , Ghimire Rajan , Kharel Tulsi , Mishra Umakant , Clay Sharon A.
Published: July 2021

Achieving the sustainable development goals of the United Nations requires innovations in agriculture and development of climate‐smart and economically feasible approaches for smallholder farmers in developing countries. Historical climate data of Nepal, which include 116 yr since 1901, has shown an increasing trend for average temperature by 0.016 °C yr–1 whereas precipitation has shown a decreasing trend by 0.137 mm yr–1. Such weather trends could enhance glacier melt associated flooding, and delayed monsoon rainfalls negatively impacting the agricultural production. The Nepalese government is promoting conservation agriculture (CA) through development of low‐cost technologies that can be used effectively in difficult terrains. Such techniques include crop diversification, crop rotation, cover crops, and minimum tillage; all of which can reduce soil degradation. In addition, increasing crop residue retention can result in greater C sequestration and crop yield and reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. However, there is still lack of consensus on the merits of CA in the context of smallholder farming systems in Nepal. This paper reviews existing literature and provides an overview of farming practices in Nepal, highlights near‐term challenges associated with climate change and food security, and discusses the role of CA as a climate‐smart strategy to minimize soil degradation and improve food security.
Myxadazoles, Myxobacterium‐Derived Isoxazole–Benzimidazole Hybrids with Cardiovascular Activities
Authors: Li Yuelan , Zhuo Li , Li Xiaobin , Zhu Yongqiang , Wu Shuge , Shen Tao , Hu Wei , Li Yue‐Zhong , Wu Changsheng
Published: July 2021

There is a continuous need for novel microbial natural products to fill the drying‐up drug development pipeline. Herein, we report myxadazoles from Myxococcus sp. SDU36, a family of novel chimeric small molecules that consist of N‐ribityl 5,6‐dimethylbenzimidazole and a linear fatty acid chain endowed with an isoxazole ring. The experiments of genome sequencing, gene insertion mutation, isotope labelling, and precursor feeding demonstrated that the fatty acid chain was encoded by a non‐canonical PKS/NRPS gene cluster, whereas the origin of N‐ribityl 5,6‐dimethylbenzimidazole was related to the vitamin B12 metabolism. The convergence of these two distinct biosynthetic pathways through a C‐N coupling led to the unique chemical framework of myxadazoles, which is an unprecedented hybridization mode in the paradigm of natural products. Myxadazoles exhibited potent vasculogenesis promotion effect and moderate antithrombotic activity, underscoring their potential usage for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Kinetic study of the microwave‐induced thermal degradation of cv. Arbequina olive oils flavored with lemon verbena essential oil
Authors: Cherif Marwa , Rodrigues Nuno , Veloso Ana C. A. , Pereira José Alberto , Peres António M.
Published: July 2021

The effect of typical domestic microwave heating (0–15 min, at 800 W) on the thermal degradation of unflavored and flavored olive oils' minor bioactive compounds and related antioxidant activity was studied. Olive oils from cv. Arbequina were flavored with lemon verbena essential oil (0%, 0.2% and 0.4%, w/w) leading to a linear increase of total phenols (112–160 mg gallic acid kg−1 oil, R‐Pearson = +0.9870), total carotenoids (2.19–2.56 mg lutein kg−1 oil, R‐Pearson = +0.9611), and, to a less extent, of chlorophyll (2.32–3.19 mg pheophytin kg−1 oil, R‐Pearson = +0.8238). However, no such linear trend was observed for the oxidative stability (6.5–7.8 h) or the radical scavenging activity (inhibition rates: 40%–43%). The contents of total phenols, total carotenoids, and chlorophyll decreased with the rise of the microwave heating time, following their thermal degradation, a second‐order kinetic model (0.8784 ≤ R‐Pearson ≤ 0.9926). The essential oil addition did not influence the estimated second‐order rate reaction constants of total phenols (0.00070–0.00072 kg oil min−1 mg−1 gallic acid)and total carotenoids (0.14–0.17 kg oil min−1 mg−1 lutein), with a broader variation observed for chlorophyll (0.014–0.022 kg oil min−1 mg−1 pheophytin). Globally, total carotenoids degraded faster than total phenols and chlorophyll (half‐life of 2.3–3.4, 8.8–12.8, and 14.5–30.8 min, respectively). Moreover, except for chlorophyll, the half‐life of total phenols and carotenoids linearly decreased with the essential oil addition (R‐Pearson: −0.9999 and −0.9421, respectively), showing that flavoring did not have a protective effect against degradation when subjected to a microwave heating.
Systemic Sclerosis–Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: How to Incorporate Two Food and Drug Administration–Approved Therapies in Clinical Practice
Authors: Khanna Dinesh , Lescoat Alain , Roofeh David , Bernstein Elana J. , Kazerooni Ella A. , Roth Michael D. , Martinez Fernando , Flaherty Kevin R. , Denton Christopher P.
Published: July 2021

Systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma) has the highest individual mortality of all rheumatic diseases, and interstitial lung disease (ILD) is among the leading causes of SSc‐related death. Two drugs are now approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and indicated for slowing the rate of decline in pulmonary function in patients with SSc‐associated ILD (SSc‐ILD): nintedanib (a tyrosine kinase inhibitor) and tocilizumab (the first biologic agent targeting the interleukin‐6 pathway in SSc). In addition, 2 generic drugs with cytotoxic and immunoregulatory activity, mycophenolate mofetil and cyclophosphamide, have shown comparable efficacy in a phase II trial but are not FDA‐approved for SSc‐ILD. In light of the heterogeneity of the disease, the optimal therapeutic strategy for the management of SSc‐ILD is still to be determined. The objectives of this review are 2‐fold: 1) review the body of research focused on the diagnosis and treatment of SSc‐ILD; and 2) propose a practical approach for diagnosis, stratification, management, and therapeutic decision‐making in this clinical context. This review presents a practical classification of SSc patients in terms of disease severity (subclinical versus clinical ILD) and associated risk of progression (low versus high risk). The pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic options for first‐ and second‐line therapy, as well as potential combination approaches, are discussed in light of the recent approval of tocilizumab for SSc‐ILD.
Thirty‐day hospital readmission rate, reasons, and risk factors after acute inpatient cancer rehabilitation
Authors: Tennison Jegy M. , Rianon Nahid J. , Manzano Joanna G. , Munsell Mark F. , George Marina C. , Bruera Eduardo
Published: July 2021

Objectives

To evaluate the 30‐day hospital readmission rate, reasons, and risk factors for patients with cancer who were discharged to home setting after acute inpatient rehabilitation.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This was a secondary retrospective analysis of participants in a completed prospective survey study that assessed the continuity of care and functional safety concerns upon discharge and 30 days after discharge in adults. Patients were enrolled from September 5, 2018, to February 7, 2020, at a large academic quaternary cancer center with National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center designation.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Thirty‐day hospital readmission rate, descriptive summary of reasons for readmissions, and statistical analyses of risk factors related to readmission.

Results

Fifty‐five (21%) of the 257 patients were readmitted to hospital within 30 days of discharge from acute inpatient rehabilitation. The reasons for readmissions were infection (20, 7.8%), neoplasm (9, 3.5%), neurological (7, 2.7%), gastrointestinal disorder (6, 2.3%), renal failure (3, 1.1%), acute coronary syndrome (3, 1.1%), heart failure (1, 0.4%), fracture (1, 0.4%), hematuria (1, 0.4%), wound (1, 0.4%), nephrolithiasis (1, 0.4%), hypervolemia (1, 0.4%), and pain (1, 0.4%). Multivariate logistic regression modeling indicated that having a lower locomotion score (OR = 1.29; 95% CI, 1.07–1.56; p = 0.007) at discharge, having an increased number of medications (OR = 1.12; 95% CI, 1.01–1.25; p = 0.028) at discharge, and having a lower hemoglobin at discharge (OR = 1.31; 95% CI, 1.03–1.66; p = 0.031) were independently associated with 30‐day readmission.

Conclusion and Relevance

Among adult patients with cancer discharged to home setting after acute inpatient rehabilitation, the 30‐day readmission rate of 21% was higher than that reported for other rehabilitation populations but within the range reported for patients with cancer who did not undergo acute inpatient rehabilitation.
Construction of Dot‐Matrix Cu0‐Cu1Ni3 Alloy Nano‐Dispersions on the Surface of Porous N‐Autodoped Biochar for Selective Hydrogenation of Furfural
Authors: Fu Qiuli , Yang Shibo , Ning Ping , Miao Rongrong , He Liang , Guan Qingqing
Published: July 2021

Using cheap Cu‐based catalysts for highly selective hydrogenation of furfural (FAL) is of great importance of upgrading this biomass‐derived platform molecule but is still challenging for large‐scale application due to the low conversion efficiency and the easy aggregation of Cu active sites. To address these issues, a nitrogen‐autodoped porous biochar derived from rubber seed shell (rssAC) was fabricated for anchoring Cu sites on a nanoscale. Moreover, by the co‐crystallization strategy of Cu and the second metal (M, M=Ni, Zn, Co, Ce), stable Cu−M nanoalloys were constructed on the surface of the rssAC support. The FAL hydrogenation experiments showed that the type, proportion and loading amount of the second metal had great effect on the catalytic efficiency. Compared with the other metals, Ni‐doped Cu/rssAC catalyst exhibited the best hydrogenation performance due to their extraordinary adsorption and activation capacity for hydrogen. Further, the highest catalytic efficiency was observed using 20 % Cu1Ni1/rssAC catalyst. The characterization results showed that the key to its success was highly‐dispersive anchoring of the CuNi active sites onto the inner/outer surface of the nanopores of rssAC support by the strong interaction between the surface N‐containing functional groups and metals. Of note, the formed CuNi alloys with the Cu/Ni atomic ratio of 1 : 3 played an important role in the stabilization of the adjacent nano‐dot matrix Cu0 species. Kinetic test indicated that the formation step of furfuryl alcohol (FOL) from FAL was still the key step and the hydrogenation products can be converted between FOL and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA). The life evaluation test showed that the catalyst still kept high activity and selectivity after being reused five times. The advanced synthesis method co‐using N‐doped support anchoring and the second metal alloying strategy sheds light on preparing effective catalysts for hydrogenation of biomass‐based compounds.
Patients with suspected allergic reactions to COVID‐19 vaccines can be safely revaccinated after diagnostic work‐up
Authors: Rasmussen Trine Holm , Mortz Charlotte Gotthard , Georgsen Torbjorn Kabel , Rasmussen Helene Marlies , Kjaer Henrik Fomsgaard , Bindslev‐Jensen Carsten
Published: July 2021

Background

When initiating the Danish vaccination program against COVID‐19, the incidence of anaphylaxis was estimated to be 10 times higher compared to other virus‐based vaccines. In this study, we present data on patients referred with suspected allergic reactions to COVID‐19 vaccines. The main purpose of the study is to investigate the incidence and severity of the allergic reactions, and to evaluate the safety of revaccination.

Methods

All patients in the region of Southern Denmark with case histories of allergic reactions to COVID‐19 vaccines in a defined period are included in this study. Diagnostic work up consisted of a detailed case history, evaluation of Brighton level of diagnostic certainty and World Allergy Organization grade of anaphylaxis and skin prick testing‐ and basophil histamine release testing with COVID‐19 vaccines and relevant drug excipients. Patients were revaccinated at the Allergy Center when possible.

Results

Sixty‐one patients are included in this study. In 199,377 doses administered, nine patients fulfilled the criteria of anaphylaxis when using the Brighton Criteria (incidence being 45 per million). Of 55 patients with reactions to the first dose, 52 patients were revaccinated without adverse reactions. We found no proven cases of immediate anaphylaxis due to COVID‐19 vaccines. By skin prick test, we diagnosed three patients with drug excipient allergy and further a patient with mastocytosis was found.

Conclusions

Anaphylactic reactions to COVID‐19 vaccines are rare and the incidence is similar to what is seen with other virus‐based vaccines. Revaccination is safe in the majority of patients; however, allergological evaluation is important since some prove to have drug excipient allergy.