bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peripartum Haemorrhage, Diagnosis and Therapy. Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S2k Level, AWMF Registry No. 015/063, March 2016)
Authors: Schlembach Dietmar , Helmer Hanns , Henrich Wolfgang , von Heymann Christian , Kainer Franz , Korte Wolfgang , Kühnert Maritta , Lier Heiko , Maul Holger , Rath Werner , Steppat Susanne , Surbek Daniel , Wacker Jürgen
Published: April 2018

Purpose This is an official interdisciplinary guideline, published and coordinated by the German Society of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (DGGG), the Austrian Society of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (OEGGG) and the Swiss Society of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (SGGG). The guideline was developed for use in German-speaking countries and is backed by the German Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Medicine (DGAI), the Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Research (GTH) and the German Association of Midwives. The aim is to provide a consensus-based overview of the diagnosis and management of peripartum bleeding obtained from an evaluation of the relevant literature.

Methods This S2k guideline was developed from the structured consensus of representative members of the various professional associations and professions commissioned by the Guideline Commission of the DGGG.

Recommendations The guideline encompasses recommendations on definitions, risk stratification, prevention and management.
The Influence of Maternal Obesity on Pregnancy Complications and Neonatal Outcomes in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Women
Authors: Timur Burcu , Timur Hakan , Tokmak Aytekin , Isik Hatice , Eyi Elif
Published: April 2018

Introduction This study aimed to investigate the influence of obesity on pregnancy complications and neonatal outcomes in diabetic and nondiabetic women.

Materials and Methods This retrospective case control study was conducted on 1193 pregnant women and their neonates at a tertiary level maternity hospital between March 2007 and 2011. The pregnant women were classified into 2 groups according to the presence of diabetes mellitus. Six hundred and seven patients with gestational diabetes or pregestational diabetes formed the diabetic group (study group) and 586 patients were in the nondiabetic group (control group). Demographic characteristics, body mass index, gestational weight gain, obstetric history, smoking status, type of delivery, gestational ages, pregnancy complications, neonatal outcomes were recorded for each patient. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of obesity and diabetes on the pregnancy complications and neonatal outcomes.

Results The mean age and pre-pregnancy body mass indices of women with diabetes mellitus were significantly higher than the control groupʼs (p < 0.001). Gestational weight gain and number of smokers were similar among the groups. Multiparity and obesity were more prevalent in the diabetic group compared to controls (both p < 0.001). Although gestational age at birth was earlier in the diabetic group, birth weights were higher in this group than in the control group (both p < 0.001). Cesarean delivery rates, the incidence of macrosomia, and neonatal intensive care unit admission rates were significantly higher in the diabetes group both with normal and increased body mass index (all p < 0.001). However, adverse pregnancy outcomes were comparable between the groups (p = 0.279). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that obesity is a significant risk factor for pregnancy complications (OR = 1.772 [95% CI, 1.283 – 2.449], p = 0.001) but not for adverse neonatal outcomes (OR = 1.068 [95% CI, 0.683 – 1.669], p = 0.773).

Conclusion While obesity increases risk of developing a pregnancy complication, diabetes worsens neonatal outcomes.
Digital pancreatoscopy in the evaluation of main duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm: a multicenter study
Authors: Trindade Arvind J. , Benias Petros C. , Kurupathi Praneet , Tharian Benjamin , Inamdar Sumant , Sharma Neil , Sejpal Divyesh V. , Siddiqui Ali A. , Adler Douglas G.
Published: April 2018

Background The aim of this study was to investigate the outcomes of digital pancreatoscopy in main duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (MD-IPMN).

Methods This was a multicenter retrospective study. Outcomes analyzed were safety, incremental pathology yield compared with previous cross-sectional/endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) imaging, and whether the surgical procedure was dictated by the pancreatoscopy.

Results A total of 31 patients were enrolled from six tertiary care centers. Overall, 42 % of cases had findings on pancreatoscopy that were not seen on cross-sectional imaging or EUS. Digital pancreatoscopy dictated the type of surgery performed in 13 patients (42 %) who underwent surgery. However, in patients with a diffusely dilated pancreatic duct (> 10 mm), the pancreatoscopy dictated the type of surgery in 77 % of cases vs. 17 % of cases in the focally dilated pancreatic duct group (10/13 vs. 3/18; P = 0.001).

Conclusion Digital pancreatoscopy should be considered in the diagnostic algorithm of MD-IPMN in patients with a diffusely dilated pancreatic duct and without any focal lesions seen on cross-sectional imaging or EUS.
10. dggö Jahrestagung – Ökonomie und Medizin im Dialog
Authors: Bükow Andrea
Published: April 2018

Zur Jubiläumstagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (dggö) kamen am 5. und 6. März 2018 rund 500 Gesundheitsökonomen nach Hamburg. Sowohl
bei der Teilnehmerzahl als auch bei der Anzahl der Vorträge erreichte die 10. dggö Jahrestagung Höchstwerte. Ausgerichtet wurde sie vom Hamburg Center for
Health Economics, dessen Kernmitglied Prof. Dr. Hans-Helmut König die Tagung leitete.
Ernährung sichern senkt auch Gesundheitskosten
Authors: Klein Friederike
Published: April 2018

Berkowitz SA. et al. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Participation and Health Care Expenditures Among Low-Income Adults. JAMA Intern Med 2017;
177: 1642–1649 doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.4841

Einer von sieben US-Amerikanern erhält zeitweise eine staatliche Unterstützung zur Ernährung. Es ist bekannt, dass Menschen mit nicht gesicherter Ernährung
einen schlechteren Gesundheitszustand haben als Menschen, die in gesicherten Verhältnissen leben. Ob die staatlichen Hilfen zur Ernährung in den USA auch
die Gesundheitskosten senken können, untersuchte eine retrospektive Kohortenstudie.
From Propargylic Fluorinations to [1,3]-Rearrangements: Anion and Ligand Effects in Cu-Acetylide Chemistry
Authors: Cordier Christopher , Cheng Li-Jie , Brown Alexander
Published: April 2018

Metal-catalyzed reactions of propargylic substrates have been widely studied. Of this reaction class, Cu-catalyzed methods have received much attention within the past decade, with Cu-allenylidenes being proposed as key reactive intermediates. This Synpacts article will outline our development of a nucleophilic fluorination protocol of propargylic electrophiles using copper catalysis. Following an analysis of the importance of anion and ligand effects, this study led us to the unexpected discovery of a formal [1,3]-rearrangement of O-propargylic alkoxypyridine derivatives that was later rendered enantioselective. By contrast to Cu-allenylidene proposals, our mechanistic findings have identified alternatives involving bimetallic intermediates.

1 Introduction

2 Propargylic Fluorination

3 Anion Effects

4 Propargylic Rearrangements

5 Mechanistic Studies

6 Conclusions
Zugänge zum hinteren Beckenring
Authors: Lehmann Wolfgang
Published: April 2018

Die Stabilität des Beckens wird durch den hinteren Beckenring bestimmt. Die Verletzungsformen sind vielfältig und können als rein ligamentäre, knöcherne oder kombinierte Verletzungen auftreten. Bei gleichzeitigen ventralen und dorsalen Verletzungen muss entschieden werden, welche Seite zuerst angegangen werden muss. Gerade bei horizontal und vertikal instabilen Verletzungen ist es häufig vorteilhaft, den hinteren Beckenring zuerst zu stabilisieren. Dabei kommen für den hinteren Beckenring ilioiliakale Plattenosteosynthesen, lokale Plattenosteosynthesen, iliosakrale Schraubenosteosynthesen und lumbopelvine Abstützungen zum Einsatz. Die Wahl des Zugangs ist abhängig von der Frakturform und den Weichteilverhältnissen.
Retrospektive monozentrische 8-Jahres-Analyse von Nagelbiopsien zur Korrelation klinischer und histologischer Daten
Authors: Schirra A. , Wagenpfeil S. , Vogt T. , Müller C.
Published: April 2018

Hintergrund Die Diagnostik von Nagelerkrankungen ist herausfordernd. Kenntnisse der Nagelanatomie sowie der operativen Techniken sind erforderlich. Es existieren kaum Daten zur klinisch-pathologischen Korrelation von Nagelerkrankungen.

Fragestellung Beschreibung der Patientenpopulation, welche sich über einen Zeitraum von Januar 2006 bis März 2014 aufgrund einer Nagelerkrankung einem diagnostischen operativen Nageleingriff unterziehen musste. Korrelation mit klinischen sowie epidemiologischen Daten und Vergleich der klinischen Verdachtsdiagnose mit der histologischen Diagnose.

Methode und Ergebnisse In dieser retrospektiven Untersuchung wurden 639 Fälle von Nagelproben analysiert. Unter den 639 ausgewerteten Fällen waren 299 Frauen (46,8 %) und 340 Männer (53,2 %). Die meisten Nagelerkrankungen traten in den Frühlings- und Sommermonaten auf. Klinisch wurden vor der Biopsie in der Mehrzahl Nagelinfektionen, maligne Tumore und entzündliche Dermatosen vermutet.

Diskussion Bei jedem 2. Fall stimmt die klinische mit der histologischen Diagnose nicht überein. Hier spielen die große klinischen Variabilität an Diagnosen bei recht eingeschränktem Spektrum an Symptomen, Zurückhaltung bzw. fehlende Routine bei diagnostischen dermatochirurgischen Eingriffen am Nagelorgan mit eventueller Angst vor postoperativen Komplikationen sowie uneinheitlicher histologischer Prozessierung der Gewebe eine Rolle. Daher ist sowohl eine Standardisierung der histologischen Diagnostik notwendig als auch eine kontinuierliche Verbesserung der klinischen und dermatochirurgischen Ausbildung mit konsekutiver Verbesserung der Behandlungsqualität von Patienten mit Nagelerkrankungen.
A new Weyl-like tensor of geometric origin
Authors: Vishwakarma Ram Gopal
Published: April 2018

A set of new tensors of purely geometric origin have been investigated, which form a hierarchy. A tensor of a lower rank plays the role of the potential for the tensor of one rank higher. The tensors have interesting mathematical and physical properties. The highest rank tensor of the hierarchy possesses all the geometrical properties of the Weyl tensor.
On the domain of the Nelson Hamiltonian
Authors: Griesemer M. , Wünsch A.
Published: April 2018

The Nelson Hamiltonian is unitarily equivalent to a Hamiltonian defined through a closed, semibounded quadratic form, the unitary transformation being explicitly known and due to Gross. In this paper, we study the mapping properties of the Gross-transform in order to characterize the regularity properties of vectors in the form domain of the Nelson Hamiltonian. Since the operator domain is a subset of the form domain, our results apply to vectors in the domain of the Hamiltonian as well. This work is a continuation of our previous work on the Fröhlich Hamiltonian.
Response of carbon and tungsten surfaces to hydrogen plasma of different temperatures
Authors: Regmi Yubaraj , Chalise Roshan , Khanal Raju
Published: April 2018

The basic understanding of the interaction between energetic hydrogen plasma with carbon and tungsten based surfaces is crucially important for analyzing plasma-wall interaction in divertors of fusion devices and other plasma applications. The ion reflection coefficient, ion absorption coefficient, total ion charge density, and ion density distribution have been studied using a kinetic trajectory simulation model at different ion temperatures. It has been observed that the ion reflection coefficient and the ion absorption coefficient of the incident particles depend on kinetic energy: higher energy ions are less likely to be reflected as they have enough energy to bury themselves within the solid.
Selected-node stochastic simulation algorithm
Authors: Duso Lorenzo , Zechner Christoph
Published: April 2018

Stochastic simulations of biochemical networks are of vital importance for understanding complex dynamics in cells and tissues. However, existing methods to perform such simulations are associated with computational difficulties and addressing those remains a daunting challenge to the present. Here we introduce the selected-node stochastic simulation algorithm (snSSA), which allows us to exclusively simulate an arbitrary, selected subset of molecular species of a possibly large and complex reaction network. The algorithm is based on an analytical elimination of chemical species, thereby avoiding explicit simulation of the associated chemical events. These species are instead described continuously in terms of statistical moments derived from a stochastic filtering equation, resulting in a substantial speedup when compared to Gillespie’s stochastic simulation algorithm (SSA). Moreover, we show that statistics obtained via snSSA profit from a variance reduction, which can significantly lower the number of Monte Carlo samples needed to achieve a certain performance. We demonstrate the algorithm using several biological case studies for which the simulation time could be reduced by orders of magnitude.
A diffuse argon plume generated by a longitudinal slit jet equipped with a quadri-electrode barrier discharge
Authors: Li Xuechen , Chu Jingdi , Zhang Qi , Zhang Panpan , Jia Pengying , Dong Lifang
Published: April 2018

A diffuse argon plume at atmospheric pressure is generated downstream of a longitudinal slit jet equipped with a dielectric barrier discharge in a quadri-electrode configuration. Results indicate that both the plume length and the spectral line intensities increase with the increase in the peak voltage. With fast photography it is found that there is a clear difference for discharges with different polarities. The positive discharge is composed of nonuniform branching filaments; however, it is fairly uniform for the negative discharge. Due to the charge overflow of the intra-electrode discharge, the streamer mechanism is involved in the plume discharge. In fact, the positive discharge and the negative one correspond to a cathode-directed streamer and an anode-directed streamer, respectively. The formation mechanisms of the branching filaments and the diffuse background are discussed at last.
Prediction model of velocity field around circular cylinder over various Reynolds numbers by fusion convolutional neural networks based on pressure on the cylinder
Authors: Jin Xiaowei , Cheng Peng , Chen Wen-Li , Li Hui
Published: April 2018

A data-driven model is proposed for the prediction of the velocity field around a cylinder by fusion convolutional neural networks (CNNs) using measurements of the pressure field on the cylinder. The model is based on the close relationship between the Reynolds stresses in the wake, the wake formation length, and the base pressure. Numerical simulations of flow around a cylinder at various Reynolds numbers are carried out to establish a dataset capturing the effect of the Reynolds number on various flow properties. The time series of pressure fluctuations on the cylinder is converted into a grid-like spatial-temporal topology to be handled as the input of a CNN. A CNN architecture composed of a fusion of paths with and without a pooling layer is designed. This architecture can capture both accurate spatial-temporal information and the features that are invariant of small translations in the temporal dimension of pressure fluctuations on the cylinder. The CNN is trained using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) dataset to establish the mapping relationship between the pressure fluctuations on the cylinder and the velocity field around the cylinder. Adam (adaptive moment estimation), an efficient method for processing large-scale and high-dimensional machine learning problems, is employed to implement the optimization algorithm. The trained model is then tested over various Reynolds numbers. The predictions of this model are found to agree well with the CFD results, and the data-driven model successfully learns the underlying flow regimes, i.e., the relationship between wake structure and pressure experienced on the surface of a cylinder is well established.
Local nanoscale strain mapping of a metallic glass during in situ testing
Authors: Gammer Christoph , Ophus Colin , Pekin Thomas C. , Eckert Jürgen , Minor Andrew M.
Published: April 2018

The local elastic strains during tensile deformation in a CuZrAlAg metallic glass are obtained by fitting an elliptic shape function to the characteristic amorphous ring in electron diffraction patterns. Scanning nanobeam electron diffraction enables strain mapping with a resolution of a few nanometers. Here, a fast direct electron detector is used to acquire the diffraction patterns at a sufficient speed to map the local transient strain during continuous tensile loading in situ in the transmission electron microscope. The elastic strain in tensile direction was found to increase during loading. After catastrophic fracture, a residual elastic strain that relaxes over time was observed.
Nanoscale patterning of electronic devices at the amorphous LaAlO3/SrTiO3 oxide interface using an electron sensitive polymer mask
Authors: Bjørlig Anders V. , von Soosten Merlin , Erlandsen Ricci , Dahm Rasmus Tindal , Zhang Yu , Gan Yulin , Chen Yunzhong , Pryds Nini , Jespersen Thomas S.
Published: April 2018

A simple approach is presented for designing complex oxide mesoscopic electronic devices based on the conducting interfaces of room temperature grown LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures. The technique is based entirely on methods known from conventional semiconductor processing technology, and we demonstrate a lateral resolution of ∼100 nm. We study the low temperature transport properties of nanoscale wires and demonstrate the feasibility of the technique for defining in-plane gates allowing local control of the electrostatic environment in mesoscopic devices.
Effect of film thickness on the ferroelectric and dielectric properties of low-temperature (400 °C) Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 films
Authors: Kim Si Joon , Mohan Jaidah , Lee Jaebeom , Lee Joy S. , Lucero Antonio T. , Young Chadwin D. , Colombo Luigi , Summerfelt Scott R. , San Tamer , Kim Jiyoung
Published: April 2018

We report on the effect of the Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) film thickness on the ferroelectric and dielectric properties using pulse write/read measurements. HZO films of thicknesses ranging from 5 to 20 nm were annealed at 400 °C for 1 min in a nitrogen ambient to be compatible with the back-end of the line thermal budget. As the HZO film thickness decreases, low-voltage operation (1.0 V or less) can be achieved without the dead layer effect, although switching polarization (Psw) tends to decrease due to the smaller grain size. Meanwhile, for 20-nm-thick HZO films prepared under the identical stress (similar TiN top electrode thickness and thermal budget), the Psw and dielectric constant are reduced because of additional monoclinic phase formation.
Design study of an YBCO-coated beam screen for the super proton-proton collider bending magnets
Authors: Gan Pingping , Zhu Kun , Fu Qi , Li Haipeng , Lu Yuanrong , Easton Matt , Liu Yudong , Tang Jingyu , Xu Qingjin
Published: April 2018

In order to reduce the beam impedance and refrigeration power dramatically, we have designed a high temperature superconductor (HTS) coated beam screen to screen the cold chamber walls of the super proton-proton collider bending magnets from beam-induced heat loads. It employs an absorber, inspired by the future circular collider studies, to absorb the immense synchrotron radiation power of 12.8 W/m emitted from the 37.5 TeV proton beams. Such a structure has the advantage of decreasing the electron cloud effect and improving the beam vacuum. We have compared the critical magnetic field and current density and accessibility of two potential HTS materials for the beam screen, TlBa2Ca2Cu3O9−δ (Tl-1223) and Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide (YBCO) and finally chose YBCO for coating. The beam screen is tentatively designed to work at 55-70 K because of the limited development of the YBCO material. The thermal analysis with oxygen cooling fluid indicates that the YBCO conductor can maintain its superconductivity even if the synchrotron radiation hits the YBCO-coated surface and the mechanical analysis shows that the structure has the ability to resist the Lorenz force during magnet quenches.
Letter: Transient interaction between plasma jet and supersonic compression ramp flow
Authors: Huang He-Xia , Tan Hui-Jun , Sun Shu , Zhang Yu-Chao , Cheng Lin
Published: April 2018

The rapid flow evolution between a plasma jet and a 20° compression ramp flow is captured by a high-speed schlieren system at Mach 2.0. Several interesting flow phenomena are observed for the first time. The pulsed jet, which generates strong perturbations, forces the crossflow boundary layer to separate and forms a forward moving shock. A typical shock-on-shock interaction occurs when the precursor shock intersects with the original shock. The interaction is initially regular, and then it transforms into an irregular one with a Mach stem connecting the precursor shock and original ramp shock.
Rigid divisors on surfaces
Authors: Hochenegger A. , Ploog D.
Published: April 2018

We study effective divisors

on surfaces with

and

. We give a numerical criterion for such divisors, following a general investigation of negativity, rigidity and connectivity properties. Examples include exceptional loci of rational singularities, and spherelike divisors.
Calcium and magnesium status of pregnant ewes grazing southern Australian pastures
Authors: Hocking Edwards Janelle E. , Masters David G. , Winslow Emma , Hancock Serina , Thompson Andrew N. , Refshauge Gordon , McGrath Shawn R. , Robertson Susan M. , Bhanugopan Marie S. , Friend Michael A.
Published: April 2018

During pregnancy, ewes graze pastures that may be marginal in calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), and may also be low in sodium (Na) and high in potassium (K), with a high dietary cation–anion difference. Such pastures may increase susceptibility to hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia, leading to lamb losses. Clinical hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia do occur in Australian sheep; however, it is unknown whether subclinical forms of these disorders compromise ewe or lamb health and survival. The present study monitored the Ca and Mg status of ewes in late pregnancy, so as to evaluate the risk of subclinical mineral disorders in ewes grazing typical southern Australian pastures. Calcium and Mg concentrations in pasture, ewe plasma and urine were monitored in 15 flocks in southern Australia. Mineral concentrations in pasture did not indicate a widespread risk of Ca or Mg deficiency; however, urinary pH and Ca and Mg concentrations in the plasma and urine of the pregnant ewes were not entirely consistent with the expectations from pasture analysis. Urine pH was above 7 on all properties and 87.5% of properties had a mean Ca in urine below the adequate concentration of 1 µmol/mosmol. The mean plasma Ca concentration was below adequate (<90 mg/L) on only one farm but five farms had more than 20% of ewes with below adequate Ca in plasma. In addition, although average farm concentrations of plasma and urine Mg indicated adequate Mg status of the ewes (>18 mg/L), more than 20% of ewes on six farms had below adequate concentrations of plasma Mg. Only one-third of the farms had 100% of ewes measured with adequate concentrations of plasma Ca (4/15) or Mg (5/15). The mineral concentrations in pre-lambing blood and urine samples suggested that a significant number of animals grazing southern Australian pastures during winter may be at risk of subclinical hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia.
Grazing pressure, land condition, productivity and profitability of beef cattle grazing buffel grass pastures in the subtropics of Australia: a modelling approach
Authors: Bowen M. K. , Chudleigh F.
Published: April 2018

There is widespread evidence that beef cattle land managers in Queensland are using stocking rates for perennial pastures that are substantially higher than recommended guidelines, and some indication that these decisions are motivated by perceived financial and economic benefits. Considerable effort has been, and is currently being, applied by public-sector organisations to encourage producers to reduce grazing pressure from beef cattle across Queensland’s pastoral lands. A better understanding of the relationships among stocking rate, land condition and profitability of beef-grazing enterprises is imperative to better inform cattle producers and policy makers. The present study assessed the effect of grazing pressure and land condition on the productivity and profitability of a steer-turnover enterprise utilising buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) pastures in central Queensland. A property-level, regionally relevant herd model was used to determine whole-of-business productivity and profitability over a 30-year investment period. Growth paths for steers from weaning to marketing were developed for 16 scenarios encompassing a range of pasture-utilisation rates (30%, 35% and 50% of annual biomass growth), land condition (A, B and C) and market targets (feedlot entry at 474 kg or slaughter at 605 kg). The economic effect of each scenario was assessed by comparison to a base scenario of 30% pasture utilisation and turn-off of slaughter steers. Our analyses demonstrated a large economic advantage from increasing grazing pressure above 30% utilisation for buffel grass pastures, even with assumptions of declining land condition and animal performance. For instance, producing slaughter steers under a 50% pasture-utilisation regime with a continuous decline in land condition from A to C (and, hence, productivity) over Years 10–30 was AU$21 772/annum more profitable than was a 30% pasture-utilisation strategy, which is widely recommended as closer to a long-term, safe utilisation rate. The present research has provided insights into the relationship between grazing pressure and economic returns of beef producers over the medium term. However, it should be considered as a scoping study due to the paucity of data for effects of utilisation rate on the productivity of buffel grass pastures and, hence, on land-condition rating. Further research is required to better understand the effects of utilisation rate of buffel grass, and other sown pasture grass and legume species, on plant biomass production, plant-diet quality for cattle, land-condition decline and cattle productivity.
A Novel Composite Phase-Change Material: CaCl2·6H2O+MgCl2·6H2O+NH4Cl
Authors: Dong Ouyang , Zhang Zhihong , Fu Zhenhai , Li Xiang
Published: April 2018

A new phase-change material (PCM) CaCl2·6H2O + MgCl2·6H2O + NH4Cl was investigated in this paper. MgCl2·6H2O and NH4Cl were mixed with CaCl2·6H2O to obtain CaCl2·6H2O as a eutectic hydrate salt. The results show that the eutectic composition of the PCM is as follows: 90 wt- % CaCl2·6H2O, 6.25 wt- % MgCl2·6H2O and 3.75 wt- % NH4Cl; the undercooling degree is less than 1.5°C when the nucleating agent is 2 wt- % SrCl2·6H2O or 1.5 wt- % Ba(OH)2·8H2O. The phase-change temperature and latent heat are respectively 25.3°C and 144.3 J g−1 when the composition is 90 wt- % CaCl2·6H2O, 6.25 wt- % MgCl2·6H2O, 3.75 wt- %, NH4Cl, with 2 wt- % SrCl2·6H2O as nucleating agent, and 2 wt- % carboxymethyl cellulose as thickener. In addition, when the composition is changed to 90 wt- % CaCl2·6H2O, 6.25 wt- % MgCl2·6H2O, 3.75 wt- % NH4Cl, 1.5 wt- % Ba(OH)2·8H2O and 2 wt- % carboxymethyl cellulose, the phase change temperature and latent heat are 25.2°C and 139.3 J g−1, respectively.
Dengue introduced by travellers, Australia
Authors: Imrie Allison
Published: April 2018

Dengue is a mosquito-borne acute viral infection that can develop into a potentially lethal complication known as severe dengue. It is endemic in more than 100 tropical and subtropical countries where the mosquito vectors, predominantly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, are found. Non-immune travellers are at risk of infection and with the rise in international travel and the availability of cheap holiday packages to endemic countries, many of which are popular tourist destinations, there has been a significant increase in spread of dengue viruses.
Corpus-based terminological preparation for simultaneous interpreting
Authors: Xu Ran
Published: April 2018

This experimental study examines whether use of a corpus-based terminological preparation procedure, managed by a term extraction
tool (Syllabs Tools) and a concordance tool (on the Sketch Engine platform), enables trainee interpreters (Chinese A, English B)
to achieve greater accuracy in a simultaneous interpreting (SI) task on a specialised topic. Twenty-two interpreting students on a
one-year MA course in the UK were divided into a test group (10 students) and a control group (12 students). Nine days before the
experiment, which involved SI from the A into the B language as well as vice versa, both groups were given preparatory
documentation in both languages. In addition, the test group received term lists automatically generated by the extraction tool
and used the Sketch Engine concordance tool. The control group extracted terms manually and did not have the concordance tool.
Terminological accuracy in SI was found to be significantly higher, with fewer omissions, even when terms occurred in rapid
succession, in the test group. All students afterwards participated in focus group discussions, providing feedback on the
effectiveness of their preparation and an estimate of the time they had dedicated to it. In addition, their recall of terms was
tested two months later by completion of a 15-item quiz and was found to be significantly better in the test group.
Using rating scales to assess interpretation
Authors: Han Chao
Published: April 2018

Over the past decade, interpretation assessment has played an increasingly important role in interpreter education, professional certification, and interpreting research. The time-honored assessment method is based on analysis of (para)linguistic features of interpretation (including such items as omissions, substitutions, un/filled pauses and self-corrections). Recently, use of descriptor-based rating scales to assess interpretation has emerged as a viable alternative (e.g., Angelelli 2009; Han 2015, 2016; J. Lee 2008; Tiselius 2009), arguably providing a basis for reliable, valid and practical assessments. However, little work has been done in interpreting studies to ascertain the assumed benefits of this emerging assessment practice. Based on 17 international peer-reviewed journals over the last twelve years (2004–2015), and other related publications (e.g., scholarly books, reports, documents), this article provides an overview of practices in scale-based interpretation assessment, focusing on four major aspects: (a) rating scales; (b) raters; (c) rating procedures; (d) reporting of assessment outcomes. Problem areas and possible emerging trends in interpretation assessment are examined, identifying a number of future research needs.
Training “doctor-minded” interpreters and “interpreter-minded” doctors
Authors: Krystallidou Demi , De Walle Céline Van , Deveugele Myriam , Dougali Evangelia , Mertens Fien , Truwant Amélie , Praet Ellen Van , Pype Peter
Published: April 2018

In response to calls in the literature for more collaborative practice in interpreter training, this paper describes the design, implementation and part of the evaluation of an innovative joint training intervention for interpreting students (Master’s level) and 3rd- and 4th-year medical students at Ghent University. In order to assess the development of the students’ knowledge and skills, we employed self-efficacy questionnaires; the training intervention was evaluated in a debriefing session with trainers from both fields. A development in skills that involve direct interaction with the primary participants and address specific communicative goals was noted. Our initial evaluation suggests that interprofessional education and collaborative practice in interpreter training can create the conditions for interpreting students to develop a more insightful and reflective approach to their interpreting practice.
Blogs as interwoven polylogues
Authors: Bondi Marina
Published: April 2018

This paper looks at blogs as dialogic action games characterized by specific communicative purposes and corresponding language use, as described in the MGM. The assumption is that web-mediated communication is particularly apt to developing simultaneous conversations within and without the scientific community. Using a small-scale study of blog threads originated by well-known economists who write for the academia as well as for the media, I look at how they establish dialogicity and intertextuality in the post and at how they developinterwoven polyloguesin comments, thus engaging participants in parallel conversations, some of which are more clearly oriented to sharing views, while others aim at knowledge dissemination and others still at knowledge construction proper.
Dialogue and what it means for discourse
Authors: Teubert Wolfgang
Published: April 2018

My starting and concluding point is theZhuangzi, at least in parts attributed to the Chinese philosopher of the same name. His view, guided by the Daoist tradition, is that language users are free to reconstruct collectively their discursive realities (for instance the notion of happiness), as discourse does not refer to the unspoken reality. While both Edda Weigand and Roy Harris accept that meanings are not fixed, I disagree with Weigand as she wants to leave behind the language sign, and with Roy Harris, as for him it is each solitary person who is creating their signs, whether they take part in discourse or not. For me, but not for them, dialogue drives discourse in the sense of a contingent evolution of ideas, while for them dialogue is driven by solitary individuals. Perhaps we all agree that the meaning of a word likehappinessis arbitrary and we are free to construct its discursive reality, the only reality that counts.
Theorising the untheorisable
Authors: Orman Jon
Published: April 2018

In this article, I offer a critical discussion of the work of prominent dialogue theorist Edda Weigand from an integrational linguistic perspective. The discussion centres upon Weigand’s ‘Mixed Game Model’ (MGM), a model which is claimed to constitute a holistic theory of dialogue and to describe how language is integrated in a general theory of human action. I am particularly interested in determining how much (un)common ground exists between the two approaches especially since both style themselves as ‘non-orthodox’ and accord considerable theoretical importance to the notion of ‘integration’. In the end, I come to the conclusion that despite what turn to be some rather superficial areas of convergence, the gap between integrationist and Weigandian thought remains considerable and most likely unbridgeable. I suggest that this state of affairs can be explained by the highly divergent views concerning the nature of linguistic inquiry and the role of theory therein held by those in the respective camps.
Sign making in dialogue
Authors: Duncker Dorthe
Published: April 2018

This paper investigates how communicating participants dialogically make and remake signs, and how they rely on the reflexivity of language in order to talk about linguistic experience of relevance to the communication situation they are currently involved in. It addresses the metalinguistic strategies and techniques participants employ in order to deal with linguistic indeterminacy, given that, as presumed by integrational linguistics, contextualization is individual and unique. By way of illustration a transcript of a lively discussion is provided in which the participants demonstrate some of these techniques with the result that they end up effectively contextualizing ‘together apart’.
“Au feu, à la cloche et au filet”
Authors: De Proft Antoine
Published: April 2018

Gibier bien connu et estimé des chasseurs de notre temps, la bécasse des bois (Scolopax rusticola) fait déjà l’objet de quelques considérations cynégétiques dans les traités de chasse et les encyclopédies médiévales et modernes. Elle y occupe une place discrète et par certains aspects insolite. En effet, ce beau limicole au long bec et à la robe brune semble souffrir d’une erreur d’appréciation, car elle est jugée “simple” à capturer, depuis Henri de Ferrières, dans son traité de chasse Les Livres du Roy Modus et de la Royne Ratio. En s’interrogeant sur les raisons de cette catégorisation étonnante, sachant le comportement particulièrement farouche du volatile, la présente contribution consiste en une présentation des moyens de capture de la bécasse des bois enseignés dans les traités cynégétiques médiévaux. De plus, l’article apporte quelques indications relatives au corpus documentaire constitué ayant permis une analyse approfondie des différentes chasses ainsi que l’étude de leur réception chez les encyclopédistes du XVIe siècle.
Reviving pedagogical translation
Authors: Barnes Katrina
Published: April 2018

The aim of this study was to determine to what extent translation may be an effective pedagogical tool for use by UK GCSE language students. It is offered as a contribution to the ongoing debate regarding the use of pedagogical translation. In March 2015, 41 students preparing for their GCSE Spanish exams were presented with a variety of translation-based activities, including a discussion about professional translation, a mistranslations exercise and a group translation task. The research design combined both translation as a means (explicative and process-oriented) and translation as an end (communicative and product-oriented), and was based upon a realistic, student-centred, socio-constructivist pedagogical foundation. Qualitative data, and a small amount of quantitative data, were collected via a post-session questionnaire and semi-structured group interview, through which students were asked about their experience of the translation sessions in order to answer the following questions: (1) According to students, does translation have a place in UK secondary school foreign language education? (2) If it does, what do students feel are its main benefits? (3) What form should translation activities take, according to students?

Students felt that translation could add to their language classes in a variety of ways, including building their confidence, making their language learning more engaging, giving their learning a more ‘real-world’, practical focus and increasing their general language competency. They also felt that it was best delivered in the form of task-based group work. Students’ responses to the translation sessions were overwhelmingly positive, providing compelling support for further use of both explicative and communicative translation tasks in UK secondary school language education.
A 12‐month prospective cohort study of symptoms of common mental disorders among professional rugby players
Authors: Gouttebarge Vincent , Hopley Philip , Kerkhoffs Gino , Verhagen Evert , Viljoen Wayne , Wylleman Paul , Lambert Mike
Published: April 2018

The primary aims were to determine the 12‐month incidence (and comorbidity) of symptoms of common mental disorders (CMD) among male professional rugby players and to explore their association with potential stressors. A secondary aim was to explore the view of male professional rugby players about the consequences of symptoms of CMD and related medical support/needs. An observational prospective cohort study with three measurements over a 12‐month period was conducted among male professional rugby players from several countries. Symptoms of CMD (distress, anxiety/depression, sleep disturbance, eating disorders and adverse alcohol use) and stressors (adverse life events, rugby career dissatisfaction) were assessed through validated questionnaires. A total of 595 players (mean age of 26 years; mean career duration of 6 years) were enrolled, of which 333 completed the follow‐up period. The incidence of symptoms of CMD were: 11% for distress, 28% for anxiety/depression, 12% for sleep disturbance, 11% for eating disorders and 22% for adverse alcohol use (13% for two simultaneous symptoms of CMD). Professional rugby players reporting recent adverse life events or career dissatisfaction were more likely to report symptoms of CMD but statistically significant associations were not found. Around 95% of the participants stated that symptoms of CMD can negatively influence rugby performances, while 46% mentioned that specific support measures for players were not available in professional rugby. Supportive and preventive measures directed towards symptoms of CMD should be developed to improve not only awareness and psychological resilience of rugby players but also their rugby performance and quality‐of‐life.
Carbon impurities behavior and its impact on ion thermal confinement in high-ion-temperature deuterium discharges on the Large Helical Device
Authors: Mukai K , Nagaoka K , Takahashi H , Yokoyama M , Murakami S , Nakano H , Ida K , Yoshinuma M , Seki R , Kamio S , Fujiwara Y , Oishi T , Goto M , Morita S , Morisaki T , Osakabe M
Published: April 2018

The behavior of carbon impurities in deuterium plasmas and its impact on thermal confinement were investigated in comparison with hydrogen plasmas in the Large Helical Device (LHD). Deuterium plasma experiments have been started in the LHD and high-ion-temperature plasmas with central ion temperature (T
i) of 10 keV were successfully obtained. The thermal confinement improvement could be sustained for a longer time compared with hydrogen plasmas. An isotope effect was observed in the time evolution of the carbon density profiles. A transiently peaked profile was observed in the deuterium plasmas due to the smaller carbon convection velocity and diffusivity in the deuterium plasmas compared with the hydrogen plasmas. The peaked carbon density profile was strongly correlated to the ion thermal confinement improvement. The peaking of the carbon density profile will be one of the clues to clarify the unexplained mechanisms for the formations of ion internal transport barrier and impurity hole on LHD. These results could also lead to a better understanding of the isotope effect in the thermal confinement in torus plasma.
Is an MD/PhD program right for me? Advice on becoming a physician–scientist
Authors: Brass Lawrence F.
Published: April 2018

We are living in a golden age of biomedical research in which it is increasingly feasible to translate fundamental discoveries into new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to human illnesses. Inherited diseases are being cured with gene therapy. Cancer cells are being eliminated with less toxic small molecule inhibitors and reengineered T-cells. Direct connections are being made between the central nervous system and prosthetic devices. These efforts are being led by scientists and engineers, some of whom are also physicians. This article is intended to help anyone considering a career as a physician–scientist, but unsure about how best to begin. It is also intended for faculty, staff, and parents who are on the front lines of advising talented students about the options that they have for their future. With this in mind, I have tried to answer common questions about MD/PhD programs, but I have also included information about other paths to becoming a physician who does research.
Introduction
Authors: Weir David
Published: April 2018

The Introduction first considers the etymological and historical meanings of decadence. Different interpretations of the word “decadence” point to historical decline, social decay, and aesthetic inferiority. Decadence today may be best understood as the aesthetic expression of a conflicted attitude toward modernity, which first arose in nineteenth-century France and is best expressed by the author Charles Baudelaire (1821–1867). Decadence then “travelled” to London, where Oscar Wilde (1854–1900) became the preeminent decadent writer. Other metropolitan centers that made up part of the urban geography of decadence during the fifty-year period (1880–1930) of decadence’s peak were fin-de-siècle Vienna and Weimar Berlin.
2. Paris
Authors: Weir David
Published: April 2018

The decline of Rome held special relevance for the French because the architects of the French Revolution took Republican Rome as their model of governance. The work of the traditionalist critic Désiré Nisard, who compared the poetry of the decadent Romans to that of his romantic contemporaries, and the art of Thomas Couture are first considered. The writings of Baudelaire, Théophile Gautier, Joris-Karl Huysmans, and Marguerite Eymery Vallette (who wrote under the pen-name Rachilde) are also discussed. Their decadence was mostly confined to the literature they wrote. Such cultural decadence is typical of the Parisian variant during the 1880s.
4. Vienna and Berlin
Authors: Weir David
Published: April 2018

Sociocultural integration occurred first in fin-de-siècle Vienna, where decadence underwent a “bourgeoisification” and where the taste for decadence, no longer limited to aristocrats or elites, found a middle-class audience, even as artists and writers actively sought out that audience rather than working to “shock” it. The sociocultural decadence of Vienna prior to World War I is exceeded after the war only by that of Weimar Berlin, where decadence became, almost, a mass movement, as Berliners of all social strata eagerly participated in forms of social behavior that challenged bourgeois norms and traditions. The rise of the Nazi regime forced a major reconsideration of the meaning of decadence.
Afterword
Authors: Weir David
Published: April 2018

Manifestations of decadence outside of western Europe appear to confirm philosopher Theodor Adorno’s thesis that decadence entails an implicit critique of modernity. The elevation of decadence to a position of such heightened social and cultural significance is only one part of the legacy of Baudelaire, Huysmans, and Wilde. Today, academic interest in decadence is on the rise and a set of sociocultural concerns that once seemed secondary or derivative now appears far more substantial than the notion of "decadent style" or of some other purely aesthetic analysis. Because of its conflicted sense of modernity, decadence emerges as a kind of dark humanism, with the decadent paradigm of decline and decay acquiring positive value.
1. The revolutionary Constitution
Authors: Bodenhamer David J.
Published: April 2018

The American Revolution was a radical event that redefined ideas of sovereignty, liberty, equality, representation, and power. It also recast how men and women related to each other within and outside of government. As its political expression, the Constitution was the revolutionary answer to an age-old antagonism in Western culture between power and liberty. ‘The revolutionary Constitution’ describes the processes involved in the drafting of the Constitution, its ratification, and the creation of the new national government structure, including the House of Representatives, the Senate, and the Supreme Court. It outlines the key stages in the Constitution’s construction such as the Philadelphia Convention in 1787 and the ratification of the Bill of Rights in 1791.
4. Property
Authors: Bodenhamer David J.
Published: April 2018

The Constitution of 1787 contains no broad guarantee of the right to property, but it established numerous protections for property. ‘Property’ explains that the right to property found explicit protection in the Constitution with the 1791 Fifth Amendment. It also describes how the courts reshaped the law of property as a capitalist instrument in ways that fit both constitutional republicanism and an emerging democratic order. Twice, Congress passed and states ratified amendments that redefined property rights: the 1913 Sixteenth Amendment and the 1919 Eighteenth Amendment. Private ownership has often been in tension with popular sovereignty, democracy, and the general welfare. How to strike an appropriate balance between these legitimate constitutional interests remains a challenge.