bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparative study on different Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty graft preparation techniques
Authors: Parekh Mohit , Borroni Davide , Ruzza Alessandro , Levis Hannah J , Ferrari Stefano , Ponzin Diego , Romano Vito
Published: March 2018

Purpose

To compare different Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) graft preparation methods.

Methods

Stripping from the trabecular meshwork (M1) using epithelial spatula; stripping by scoring the peripheral endothelium (M2) using Sinskey hook; stripping by punch method (M3) using donor trephine; Submerged hydro‐separation (M4); and pneumatic dissection method (M5) were evaluated. Preparation time, costs, endothelial cell loss (ECL) postpreparation, cell death and morphology were compared. Hoechst/Ethidium/Calcien AM (HEC) staining and Zonula Occludens‐1 (ZO‐1) expression were analysed. Statistical analysis was performed using one‐way anova and; Tukey as post hoc test.

Results

A total of 35 corneas (seven per group) were used. Endothelial cell loss (ECL) represented as Mean (SD), in M1, M2, M3, M4 and M5 was 2.7 (5.0), 3.0 (7.4), 1.2 (7.4), 3.3 (7.3) and 4.1 (7.1)%, respectively not showing any difference between the groups (p = 0.96). A significantly higher cell death (p < 0.05) was observed in M4 and M5 compared with M1, M2 and M3. Graft preparation time was significantly shorter in M4 and M5 and longest in M3 (p < 0.05). M3 was the most expensive preparation technique. Minimum pleomorphic cells were observed in M1, M2 and M3, whereas moderate pleomorphism was seen in M4 and M5. Hoechst, Ethidium homodimer and Calcein AM (HEC) staining showed high Ethidium positivity (dead cells) in M4 and M5 with minimum positivity in M1, M2 and M3. Zonula Occludens‐1 (ZO‐1) was expressed in all the conditions except the denuded areas.

Conclusion

Graft preparation using Sinskey hook (M2) and donor punch (M3) are reliable methods in terms of efficiency and quality with acceptable range of ECL. The preparation time and associated costs could be a limitation for M3.
Responses are durable for up to 5 years after completion of peginterferon alfa‐2a treatment in hepatitis B e antigen‐positive patients
Authors: Chuang W.‐L. , Jia J. , Chan H. L. Y. , Han K.‐H. , Tanwandee T. , Tan D. , Chen X. , Gane E. , Piratvisuth T. , Chen L. , Xie Q. , Sung J. J.‐Y. , Messinger D. , Wat C. , Bakalos G. , Liaw Y. F.
Published: March 2018

Background

In the large randomised NEPTUNE study, peginterferon alfa‐2a 180 μg/wk for 48 weeks produced higher hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion rates 24 weeks post‐treatment (36%) than a lower dose (90 μg/wk) and/or shorter duration (24 weeks) (range 14%‐26%).

Aim

To determine seroconversion rates 5 years after completion of treatment in NEPTUNE.

Methods

HBeAg‐positive patients who completed 24 weeks’ follow‐up in NEPTUNE (with peginterferon alfa‐2a 90 μg/wk × 24 weeks [group 1]; 180 μg/wk × 24 weeks [2]; 90 μg/wk × 48 weeks [3] or 180 μg/wk × 48 weeks [4]) were followed up.

Results

Three hundred and eighty three of the 544 patients in the original study were enrolled in the long‐term follow‐up study. Many patients (196 overall; more in groups 1‐3 than 4) received nucleos(t)ide analogues or immunomodulators during follow‐up, and more patients had missing data at year 5 in groups 2 and 4 (48 weeks, 50/112) than in groups 1 and 3 (24 weeks, 23/103), which confounds the planned per‐protocol analysis. HBeAg seroconversion rates in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 at year 5 were 47.5%, 50.7%, 52.2% and 67.1%, respectively, (odds ratio for group 4 versus 1‐3: 2.02; 95% CI 1.21, 3.38), using multiple imputation methods for missing measurements.

Conclusion

Seroconversion rates are durable for up to 5 years after completion of peginterferon alfa‐2a therapy and, consistent with NEPTUNE, the results suggest that the licensed regimen (180 μg × 48 weeks) is more efficacious for HBeAg‐positive patients than a lower dose and/or shorter treatment duration.
International healthcare worker migration in Asia Pacific: International policy responses
Authors: Yeates Nicola , Pillinger Jane
Published: March 2018

The growth of the international migration of health workers in recent decades has taken place in the context of the transnationalisation of healthcare provision as well as of governance and policy responses. This paper examines international policy responses to cross‐border health worker migration in the Asia Pacific region. These include multilateral (global and regional) and bilateral policy agreements, policy dialogue and programmes of action in relation to key issues of ethical recruitment, ‘circular’ migration and labour rights and key themes of health workforce planning and management. The paper brings original new analysis of international datasets and secondary data to bear on the pressing and important questions of what international policy initiatives and responses are at work in the Asia Pacific region, and what these mean for the nature of migration governance in the region. The paper's focus routes the evidence and argument towards current research and policy debates about the relationship between health worker migration, health worker shortages and poor health outcomes. In this, the paper brings new insights into the analysis of the international policy ‘universe’ through its emphasis on multiple and intersecting cross‐border institutions, initiatives and actors operating across different scales. Coherent national and international strategies for integrated health worker migration governance and policy need to incorporate these insights, and the paper considers their implications for current strategies to attain universal health care and improved health outcomes in Asia Pacific and beyond.
Impact of serotonin reuptake inhibitor use on breast milk supply in mothers of preterm infants: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Grzeskowiak Luke E. , Leggett Catherine , Costi Lynn , Roberts Claire T. , Amir Lisa H.
Published: March 2018

Aims

The aims of the present study were to examine the association between late pregnancy exposure to serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) antidepressants and difficulties in achieving an adequate breast milk supply in women who have given birth to preterm infants, while accounting for the potential impacts of underlying maternal psychiatric illness.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was carried out of 3024 women delivering liveborn preterm infants (<37 weeks' gestation) between January 2004 and December 2008. The primary outcome was postnatal domperidone use, considered to be a valid proxy for the presence and pharmacological management of low milk supply. Relative risks adjusted for maternal sociodemographic characteristics and comorbidities (aRRs) were calculated for low milk supply, comparing women with late pregnancy exposure to SRI antidepressants (n = 86), women with a psychiatric illness but no antidepressant use (n = 126) and women with neither antenatal exposures (n = 2812).

Results

Compared with non‐exposed women, nonmedicated psychiatric illness [aRR 1.64; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16, 2.30] but not late pregnancy SRI use (aRR 1.00; 95% CI 0.59, 1.70) was associated with an increased risk of domperidone use, indicative of low milk supply.

Conclusions

These findings do not support the previously observed negative impacts of antidepressant use on breastfeeding, instead suggesting that women with an underlying psychiatric illness appear at greatest risk of experiencing low milk supply and could benefit from additional breastfeeding education and support.
Inter‐relations among negative social control, self‐efficacy, and physical activity in healthy couples
Authors: Hohl Diana Hilda , Lüscher Janina , Keller Jan , Heuse Silke , Scholz Urte , Luszczynska Aleksandra , Knoll Nina
Published: March 2018

Objectives

In romantic relationships, partners can influence each other's health‐relevant behaviour by exerting negative social control (e.g., pressuring), however, with mixed success. To elucidate this phenomenon, we examined couples motivated to increase their physical activity and investigated the degree to which both partners exerted negative control on each other, their self‐efficacy, reciprocal associations among the two behaviour‐specific constructs, and their relationship with moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA).

Design

This was a longitudinal study with three assessment periods (T0, T2, T3) spanning 7 weeks.

Methods

We performed secondary analyses with data from the control condition (N = 113 heterosexual couples) of a published randomized controlled trial. Dyadic mediator models specified either both partners’ self‐efficacy as predictors and provided negative partner control to each other as mediators or vice versa. The outcomes comprised both partners’ accelerometer‐assessed MVPA. Mediators and outcomes were controlled for their T0 values.

Results

The first model showed that women's and men's provided negative partner control (T0) was positively related to the other partners’ self‐efficacy (T2). Testing the alternative predictive direction, the second model showed that only women's self‐efficacy (T0) was associated with more provided negative partner control (T2) by men. Women and men showed less MVPA (T3) when their partners had provided them with more negative control at T2.

Conclusions

As negative control provided to partners may be detrimental to their behaviour change, interventionists should advise couples to avoid it. However, active ingredients of negative control that may benefit recipients’ self‐efficacy beliefs should be investigated in future work.

Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Couples often try to change each other's health behaviour not just using supportive tactics, but also controlling ones.

Negative partner control (e.g., rebuking and nagging) was found to have adverse or no effects on control recipients’ health behaviour change.

To understand underlying mechanisms of this relationship, reactance and negative affect of recipients have been investigated, but only rarely their self‐efficacy, a consistent individual predictor of behaviour change that is likely to share reciprocal relations with social exchange processes, including negative social control.

What does this study add?

Although harmful for behaviour change, negative partner control may increase control recipients’ self‐efficacy.

Higher self‐efficacy of one partner may also increase provided negative partner control by the other.
Prospective analysis of hydrogel spacer for patients with prostate cancer undergoing radiotherapy
Authors: Chao Michael , Ho Huong , Chan Yee , Tan Alwin , Pham Trung , Bolton Damien , Troy Andrew , Temelcos Catherine , Sengupta Shomik , McMillan Kevin , Cham Chee Wee , Liu Madalena , Ding Wei , Subramanian Brindha , Wasiak Jason , Lim Joon Daryl , Spencer Sandra , Lawrentschuk Nathan
Published: March 2018

Objective

To report on the dosimetric benefits and late toxicity outcomes after injection of hydrogel spacer (HS) between the prostate and rectum for patients treated with prostate radiotherapy (RT).

Patients and Methods

In all, 76 patients with a clinical stage of T1–T3a prostate cancer underwent general anaesthesia for fiducial marker insertion plus injection of the HS into the perirectal space before intensity‐modulated RT (IMRT) or volumetric‐modulated arc RT (VMAT). HS safety, dosimetric benefits, and the immediate‐ to long‐term effects of gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity were assessed.

Results

There were no postoperative complications reported. The mean (range) prostate size was 66.0 (25.0–187.0) mm. Rectal dose volume parameters were observed and the volume of rectum receiving 70 Gy (rV70), 75 Gy (rV75) and 78 Gy (rV78) was 7.8%, 3.6% and 0.4%, respectively. In all, 21% of patients (16/76) developed acute Grade 1 GI toxicities, but all were resolved completely by 3 months after treatment; whilst, 3% of patients (2/76) developed late Grade 1 GI toxicities. No patients had acute or late Grade ≥2 GI toxicities.

Conclusion

Injection of HS resulted in a reduction of irradiated rectal dose volumes along with minimal GI toxicities, irrespective of prostate size.
Obese patients with castration‐resistant prostate cancer may be at a lower risk of all‐cause mortality: results from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) database
Authors: Vidal Adriana C. , Howard Lauren E. , de Hoedt Amanda , Kane Christopher J. , Terris Martha K. , Aronson William J. , Cooperberg Matthew R. , Amling Christopher L. , Freedland Stephen J.
Published: March 2018

Objective

To assess whether obesity is associated with progression to metastasis, prostate cancer‐specific mortality (PCSM), and all‐cause mortality (ACM), in patients with non‐metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (non‐mCRPC). At the population level, obesity is associated with prostate cancer mortality; however, some studies have found that higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with better long‐term prostate cancer outcomes amongst men with mCRPC.

Patients and Methods

We identified 1 192 patients with non‐mCRPC from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) database. BMI was calculated from height and weight abstracted from the medical records at the time closest to but prior to CRPC diagnosis and categorised as underweight (<21 kg/m2), normal weight (21–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2), and obese (≥30 kg/m2). Competing risks regression and Cox models were used to test associations between obesity and progression to metastasis, PCSM, and ACM, accounting for confounders.

Results

Overall, 51 (4%) men were underweight, 239 (25%) were normal weight, 464 (39%) were overweight, and 438 (37%) were obese. In adjusted analysis, higher BMI was significantly associated with reduced ACM (hazard ratio [HR] 0.98, P = 0.012) but not PCSM (HR 1.00, P = 0.737) or metastases (HR 0.99, P = 0.225). Likewise, when BMI was treated as a categorical variable in adjusted models, obesity was not associated with PCSM (HR 1.11, P = 0.436) or metastases (HR 1.06, P = 0.647), but was associated with decreased ACM (HR 0.79, P = 0.016) compared to normal weight. No data were available on treatments received after CRPC diagnosis.

Conclusions

Amongst patients with non‐mCRPC obesity was associated with better overall survival. Although this result mirrors evidence from men with mCRPC, obesity was not associated with prostate cancer outcomes. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
BITCOIN 1, BITCOIN 2, ....: AN EXPERIMENT IN PRIVATELY ISSUED OUTSIDE MONIES
Authors: Garratt Rodney , Wallace Neil
Published: March 2018

The value of bitcoin depends upon self‐fulfilling beliefs that are hard to pin down. We demonstrate this for the case where bitcoin is the only form of money in the economy and then generalize the message to the case of multiple bitcoin clones and/or a competing fiat currency. Some aspects of the indeterminacy we describe would no longer hold if bitcoin were an interest‐bearing object. (JEL D50, E42)
Medication adherence in first‐episode psychosis patients in Singapore
Authors: Tan Chunzhen , Abdin Edimansyah , Liang Wilfred , Poon Lye Yin , Poon Ngar Yee , Verma Swapna
Published: March 2018

Aim

Early intervention programmes for first episode psychosis (FEP) aim to reduce the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and improve functional outcomes. The sustained maintenance of improved outcomes depends largely on patients' adherence to prescribed treatment. This paper examines the prevalence of non‐adherence in a cohort of patients with FEP and the sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with non‐adherent behaviour.

Methods

The sample included consecutive patients accepted from 2007 to 2012 into the Early Psychosis Intervention Programme (EPIP) in Singapore. Sociodemographic variables as well as DUP, insight, severity of psychopathology and clinical diagnoses were collected. Patients were assessed at baseline and 1 year with the PANSS and Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF). Medication adherence was grouped into 3 categories: no‐adherence, partial adherence and regular adherence.

Results

Of the 445 patients included, 51% were male with a mean age of 26.3 years, 74.6% had schizophrenia spectrum and delusional disorders, 14% had affective psychosis and 11.3% had brief psychotic disorder or psychotic disorder not otherwise specified. At 1 year follow up, 65.5% reported regular adherence, 18.7% were partially adherent and 15.8% were non‐adherent. Non‐adherence was correlated with male gender, living alone and having poorer judgement and insight. Partial adherence was associated with Malay ethnicity and having undergone national service.

Conclusion

Medication adherence is prevalent in FEP and associated with a variety of factors. This study supports the use of culturally appropriate interventions in addressing barriers to adherence. Further studies would need to be done to address specific factors affecting adherence outcomes.
My prolonged collaboration with Ray Guillery
Authors: Sherman S. Murray
Published: March 2018

My active collaboration with Ray Guillery started in 1968, when he was a Full Professor at the University of Wisconsin and I was a graduate student at the University of Pennsylvania. The collaboration lasted almost 50 years with virtually no breaks. Among the ideas we proposed are that glutamatergic pathways in thalamus and cortex can be classified into drivers and modulators; that many thalamic nuclei could be classified as higher order, meaning that they receive driving input from layer 5 of cortex and participate in cortico‐thalamocortical circuits; and that much of the information relayed by thalamus serves as an efference copy for motor commands initiated by cortex.
The impact of government regulation on recruitment process, rights, wages and working conditions of labor migrants in the Israeli construction sector
Authors: Kushnirovich Nonna , Raijman Rebeca , Barak‐Bianco Anda
Published: March 2018

To determine the impact of evolving forms of governance on migrant workers’ rights and employment conditions in Israel we first probe the extensive private recruitment industry that developed in Israel before the implementation of bilateral agreements, and examine migrant workers’ employment conditions and wages. Next we show the importance of bilateral agreements for the annulment of illicit practices in labor recruitment, as well as the practical consequences for migrants under the new arrangement. Specifically we scrutinize the impact of implementation of bilateral agreements in the construction sector on recruitment practices and fees, wage levels, and work conditions. Implementation of bilateral agreement were accompanied by dramatic decrease in the sums paid by migrant workers to reach the host country – but did not significantly improve workers’ rights, and their wages even declined. The mechanisms whereby a pool of precarious workers has emerged in the local labor market in Israel are highlighted.
A Typology of Interactional Patterns Between Youth and Their Stepfathers: Associations with Family Relationship Quality and Youth Well‐Being
Authors: Jensen Todd M.
Published: March 2018

Stepfamilies are an increasingly common family form, many of which are headed by a resident mother and stepfather. Stepfather–child relationships exert notable influence on stepfamily stability and individual well‐being. Although various stepfather roles have been observed, more research is warranted by which stepfather–child interactions are explored holistically and across a variety of life domains (e.g., recreational, personal, academic, and disciplinary). Thus, the primary purpose of the current study is to explore varying interactional patterns between youth and their stepfathers. A latent class analysis is conducted using a representative sample of 1,183 youth (53% female; mean age = 15.64 years, SD = 1.70 years; 62% non‐Hispanic White) residing in mother–stepfather families from Wave I of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Latent‐class enumeration processes support a four‐class solution, with latent classes representing inactive, academically oriented, casually connected, and versatile and involved patterns of youth–stepparent interaction. Notable differences and similarities are evident across patterns with respect to family relationship quality, youth well‐being, and socio‐demographic characteristics. Differences are most stark between the inactive and versatile and involved patterns. Ultimately, the results showcase notable variation in youth–stepparent interactional patterns, and one size does not necessarily fit all stepfamilies. Family practitioners should be mindful of variation in youth–stepparent interactional patterns and assist stepfamilies in seeking out stepparent–child dynamics that are most compatible with the needs and dynamics of the larger family system.
Overcoming urban stream syndrome: Trophic flexibility confers resilience in a Hawaiian stream fish
Authors: Lisi Peter J. , Childress Evan S. , Gagne Roderick B. , Hain Ernie F. , Lamphere Brad A. , Walter Ryan P. , Hogan J. Derek , Gilliam James F. , Blum Michael J. , McIntyre Peter B.
Published: March 2018

Urbanisation is widely associated with a suite of physical, chemical and biological degradation of stream ecosystems, known as “urban stream syndrome.” It is unclear whether urban stream syndrome is applicable to oceanic islands, where marine dispersal of larvae enables diadromous species to continuously recolonise even highly degraded urban streams.

The depauperate native fauna of oceanic island streams can be entirely composed of diadromous species, but urban streams food webs are often dominated by introduced predators, competitors and functional groups derived from continental systems. Despite these challenges, some native species appear to thrive in urbanised catchments.

Here, we test for urban stream syndrome on oceanic islands by quantifying catchment land use, nutrient concentrations and fish community composition for 37 streams across the Hawaiian archipelago. To assess how native species adapt to food webs altered by species introductions, we quantified trophic responses by examining stomach contents, nitrogen stable isotopes and body condition of Awaous stamineus (an omnivorous goby) in each stream.

Urbanisation was consistently associated with nitrogen pollution and replacement of native species with more tolerant exotics. Population densities of three of five native goby species declined sharply with urbanisation, whereas the two other native gobies species were resilient.

The trophic position of the omnivore A. stamineus was elevated in urban streams compared to forested catchments, reflecting a shift in stomach contents from algae to greater reliance on exotic aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates. Comparable body condition and resilient population density of A. stamineus across the urbanisation gradient suggest that dietary flexibility buffers this species against environmental degradation.

Our findings indicate that the concept of urban stream syndrome is applicable to oceanic islands, yet A. stamineus shows striking resilience. Flexibility in diet, life history and habitat use of this native goby appear to buffer it against the effects of urbanisation compared to most other amphidromous fishes in Hawaiian streams.
Comparing Natural Source Zone Depletion Pathways at a Fuel Release Site
Authors: Mackay Douglas , Hathaway Emily , de Sieyes Nicholas , Zhang Han , Rasa Ehsan , Paradis Charles , Schmidt Radomir , Peng Juan , Buscheck Timothy , Sihota Natasha
Published: March 2018

Natural source zone depletion (NSZD) refers to processes within chemically impacted vadose and saturated zones that reduce the mass of contaminants remaining in a defined source control volume. Studies of large petroleum hydrocarbon release sites have shown that the depletion rate by vapor phase migration of degradation products from the source control volume through the vadose zone (V‐NSZD) is often considerably higher than the rate of depletion from the source control volume by groundwater flow carrying dissolved petroleum hydrocarbons arising from dissolution, desorption, or back diffusion, and degradation products arising from biodegradation (GW‐NSZD). In this study, we quantified vadose zone and GW‐NSZD at a small unpaved fuel release site in California typical of those in settings with predominantly low permeability media. We estimated vadose zone using a dense network of efflux monitoring locations at four sampling events over 2 years, and GW‐NSZD using groundwater monitoring data downgradient of the source control volume in three depth intervals spanning up to 9 years. On average, vadose zone was 17 times greater than GW‐NSZD during the time interval of comparison, and vadose zone was in the range of rates quantified at other sites with petroleum hydrocarbon releases. Estimating vadose zone and GW‐NSZD rates is challenging but the vadose zone rate is the best indicator of overall source mass depletion, whereas GW‐NSZD rates may be useful as baselines to quantify progress of natural or engineered remediation in portions of the saturated zone in which there are impediments to loss of methane and other gases to the vadose zone.
The histologic detection of Helicobacter pylori in seropositive subjects is affected by pathology and secretory ability of the stomach
Authors: Kim Jun‐Hyun , Lee Sun‐Young , Lee Sang Pyo , Kim Jeong Hwan , Sung In‐Kyung , Park Hyung Seok , Shim Chan Sup , Han Hye Seung
Published: March 2018

Background

Helicobacter pylori is unevenly distributed in hypochlorhydric environments. The study aim was to elucidate the risk factors for a negative Giemsa staining finding in seropositive subjects by measuring the secretory ability of the stomach.

Methods

Subjects aged over 18 years were included consecutively after endoscopic biopsy at gastric lesions with color or structural changes. Blood was sampled for the serum pepsinogen (PG) assay and H. pylori serology test. After excluding the subjects with past H. pylori eradication, the risk factors for a negative Giemsa staining finding in seropositive subjects were analyzed.

Results

Among 872 included subjects, a discrepancy between the serum anti‐H. pylori IgG and Giemsa staining findings was found in 158 (18.1%) subjects, including 145 Giemsa‐negative, seropositive subjects. Gastric adenocarcinoma/adenoma (OR = 11.090, 95% CI = 3.490‐35.236) and low serum PG II level (OR = 0.931, 95% CI = 0.899‐0.963) were the independent risk factors for a negative Giemsa staining finding in seropositive subjects. The cutoff value of serum PG II level was 7.45 ng/mL (area under curve [AUC] = 0.904, 95% CI = 0.881‐0.927). Follow‐up studies of Giemsa staining at different sites of the stomach revealed that 75% of the Giemsa‐negative seropositive subjects with adenocarcinoma are positive, whereas none of those with low serum PG II level of <7.45 ng/mL revealed positive findings.

Conclusions

The risk of a negative Giemsa staining finding in seropositive subjects is increased in gastric adenocarcinoma/adenoma specimens and in subjects with a diminished gastric secretory ability with low serum PG II level of <7.45 ng/mL. A false‐negative Giemsa staining finding is common in subjects with adenocarcinoma, and therefore, additional biopsies at different sites should be performed in these subjects.
A RETRIEVAL OF HISTORICISM: FRANK ANKERSMIT'S PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY AND POLITICS
Authors: PAUL HERMAN , VAN VELDHUIZEN ADRIAAN
Published: March 2018

Frank Ankersmit is often perceived as a postmodern thinker, as a European Hayden White, or as an author whose work in political philosophy can safely be ignored by those interested only in his philosophy of history. Although none of these perceptions is entirely wrong, they are of little help in understanding the nature of Ankersmit's work and the sources on which it draws. Specifically, they do not elucidate the extent to which Ankersmit raises questions different from White's, finds himself inspired by continental European traditions, responds to specifically Dutch concerns, and is as active as a public intellectual as he has been prolific in philosophy of history. In order to propose a more comprehensive and balanced interpretation of Ankersmit's work, this article offers a contextual reading based largely on Dutch‐language sources, some of which are unknown even in the Netherlands. The thesis advanced is that Ankersmit draws consistently on nineteenth‐century German historicism as interpreted by Friedrich Meinecke and advocated by his Groningen teacher, Ernst Kossmann. Without forcing each and every element of Ankersmit's oeuvre into a historicist mold, the article demonstrates that some of its most salient aspects can profitably be read as attempts at translating and modifying historicist key notions into late twentieth‐century categories. Also, without creating a father myth of the sort that White helped create around his teacher William Bossenbrook, the article argues that Ankersmit at crucial moments in his intellectual trajectory draws on texts and authors central to Kossmann's research interests.
UNDISCIPLINED AND PUNISHED
Authors: Roth Paul A.
Published: March 2018

The title of Robert Doran's collection of essays on Hayden White proves provocative and evocative. Provocative because it claims to mark a move within philosophy that pivots on the work of Hayden White, and this despite the fact that White himself explicitly resists inclusion within such a classification, that is, as a philosopher of history. Indeed, another contributor, Arthur Danto, had as of 1995 declared passé the whole subfield of philosophy of history. Doran situates White, then, in a niche White rejects and in any case one largely abandoned by those who do academic philosophy. Thus a question that this title evokes concerns why—whatever philosophy of history happens to be before Hayden White—after him it becomes a topic of philosophical lack of interest, one pursued almost exclusively by those not associated with departments of philosophy. Given White's professional travails, his acquaintance with another undisciplined academic, Richard Rorty, and his long‐standing friendship with preeminent philosophers of history such as Louis Mink, one might well assume that White eschews Doran's disciplinary labeling for a reason. In this regard, reframing him as this book's title does invites a worry that, if only unwittingly, the book elides discussion of why certain positions excite not merely disagreement but prompt rather a type of professional shunning. In failing to confront White's reception (or rather lack thereof) by historians and his position (or rather lack thereof) within philosophy, Doran passes over in silence a highly salient aspect of White's work.
DOES ANYBODY STILL NEED JUDAISM?
Authors: Gordon Daniel
Published: March 2018

Both of the books under review focus on the tradition of Jewish scholarship and debate. The Genius of Judaism is written from a religious perspective, whereas the authors of Jews and Words envision a future in which Jews live without Judaism; they see Jewishness as a culture that can be divorced from religion. For Lévy, a sense of the divine—including the concept of being a chosen people—is the source of Jewish identity and historical continuity. Lévy also argues that the Jews are chosen to serve non‐Jews. Inspired by the prophet Jonah, Lévy undertook diplomatic missions in the Ukraine and in Libya, and I consider the lessons he draws from these missions. I also discuss the relationship of Judaism to various concepts in the philosophy of history: revolution, progress, messianism, and utopianism, as well as the affinity between Judaism and skepticism.
Systemic antibiotic use for nonbacterial dermatological conditions among referring providers
Authors: Haynes Dylan , Lasarev Michael , Keller Jesse
Published: March 2018

Background

As usage of systemic antibiotic therapies has increased, so too has bacterial resistance. Antibiotic stewardship thus rests in part on judicious use of empiric treatment. The specific factors which underlie erroneous prescription patterns for dermatological conditions have not yet been well elucidated.

Objective

The objective of this study was to identify whether a predefined group of dermatologic conditions under the heading “pseudobacterial”—including eczematous conditions, arthropod assault, herpes zoster, neurodermatoses, autoimmune blistering disorders, and neutrophilic dermatoses—are associated with increased antibiotic use prior to dermatology referral.

Methods

This observational prospective study included 207 participants referred to an academic dermatology referral center for acute skin conditions which were ultimately deemed to be of a nonbacterial cause. Preceding antibiotic prescription, final diagnosis, and patient, and provider characteristics were reviewed.

Results

Antibiotic prescription were provided to 31/207 individuals. Patients with pseudobacterial diagnoses (66/207 individuals) had 4.79 (95% CI, 2.03–11.3) times the odds of empiric antibiotic treatment compared to all others. Rural referring providers (OR, 8.54; 95% CI, 1.81–40.3) and referring providers in areas with a low density of medical specialists (OR, 3.70; 95% CI, 1.43–10.0) also displayed increased odds of empiric antibiotic prescription for nonbacterial skin disease, though the former finding may be limited by the low number of rural vs. urban providers (7 vs. 200) included in the study.

Conclusion

Patients with noninfectious pseudobacterial dermatological conditions experienced greater odds for unnecessary exposure to antibiotics. Additional independent risk factors included rural settings and diminished access to specialist care.
Influence of prior oral ethinylestradiol use on the efficacy of enzalutamide for the treatment of castration‐resistant prostate cancer in men
Authors: Hakariya Tomoaki , Shida Yohei , Tsurusaki Toshifumi , Watanabe Junichi , Furukawa Masataka , Matsuya Fukuzo , Miyata Yasuyoshi , Sakai Hideki
Published: March 2018

Objective

To elucidate the effect of prior use of ethinylestradiol on enzalutamide treatment for men with castration‐resistant prostate cancer.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed data from 99 consecutive patients (median age 72 years, range 50–88 years) treated with enzalutamide for castration‐resistant prostate cancer between May 2014 and November 2015 after receiving several lines of hormonal therapy.

Results

A total of 45 patients were given ethinylestradiol before enzalutamide. The prostate‐specific antigen response rate (decline in prostate‐specific antigen >50% from baseline) of patients receiving ethinylestradiol and enzalutamide were 51.1% and 41.4%, respectively. Cross‐resistance between ethinylestradiol and enzalutamide was clearly observed in the setting of pre‐docetaxel. In multivariate analysis, the T stage and number of therapies before enzalutamide were the only significant predictors of prostate‐specific antigen response to enzalutamide. However, in patients treated pre‐docetaxel use, prior use of ethinylestradiol was a significant predictor of prostate‐specific antigen response to enzalutamide, whereas ethinylestradiol did not affect the overall survival of these patients.

Conclusions

Cross‐resistance between ethinylestradiol and enzalutamide in the setting of pre‐docetaxel therapy seems to be evident. Therefore, ethinylestradiol should be used prudently before enzalutamide in this setting.
¿Es viable la gestión participativa como vía de acción sindical en la India? Evidencia de los servicios públicos
Authors: BADIGANNAVAR Vidu
Published: March 2018

Tras las reformas económicas iniciadas en 1991, 1os sindicatos indios fueron quedando excluidos del proceso político y marginados en la negociación colectiva. A partir de encuestas y entrevistas realizadas a dos sindicatos de Maharashtra afiliados a dos federaciones sindicales nacionales, se examina si la gestión participativa en las empresas es un medio factible para los sindicatos indios de ganar influencia y proteger los intereses de los trabajadores. A pesar de que la legislación de Maharashtra favorece las relaciones laborales cooperativas, la realidad laboral, la indiferencia estatal y los fallos judiciales adversos merman las posibilidades de verdadera participación de los trabajadores en sus empresas.
¿Pueden explicarse las diferencias en cuanto a desempleo juvenil según el régimen laboral y de bienestar imperante?
Authors: TAMESBERGER Dennis
Published: March 2018

Ninguna institución puede reducir por sí sola el desempleo juvenil, dado que funcionan sinérgicamente constituyendo regímenes laborales y de bienestar. A partir de una revisión bibliográfica y un análisis de conglomerados, el autor establece cinco diferentes regímenes en la UE‐27 y estima sus efectos en la proporción de desempleo juvenil y en la tasa de desempleo juvenil de larga duración. La mejor estrategia para favorecer los resultados laborales de los jóvenes resulta ser un sistema de aprendizaje dual integrado en un régimen laboral de mercado con altos niveles de seguridad social, buenas PAMT y un gasto elevado en educación y guarderías.
Cicatrices de juventud. Efectos del desempleo temprano en el desempleo posterior
Authors: SCHMILLEN Achim , UMKEHRER Matthias
Published: March 2018

Para discernir si el desempleo temprano genera desempleo posterior, los autores toman datos administrativos de 700 000 individuos emparejados con su empleador y los siguen durante veinticuatro años. Tomando como instrumento del desempleo temprano las perturbaciones de la demanda de trabajo a escala empresarial, encuentran un efecto de cicatriz significativo y persistente: en la media, cada día de desempleo durante los primeros ocho años de vida activa incrementa el desempleo en plena edad de trabajar en medio día. Con regresiones cuantílicas observan que el efecto aumenta cuanto más se prolongue el desempleo temprano.
Eater and draper are involved in the periostial haemocyte immune response in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae
Authors: Sigle L. T. , Hillyer J. F.
Published: March 2018

Haemocytes respond to infection by phagocytosing pathogens, producing the enzymes that drive the phenoloxidase‐based melanization cascade, secreting lytic factors, and producing other humoral proteins. A subset of haemocytes, called periostial haemocytes, aggregate on the surface of the heart of mosquitoes and kill pathogens in areas of high haemolymph flow. Periostial haemocytes are always present, but an infection induces the recruitment of additional haemocytes to these regions. Here, we tested whether members of the Nimrod gene family are involved in the periostial immune response of the African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. Using organismal manipulations, RNA interference (RNAi) and microscopy, we show that, following an infection with Escherichia coli, nimrod – the orthologue of Drosophila NimB2 – is not involved in periostial responses. At 4 h postinfection, however, RNAi‐based knockdown of draper results in a marginal increase in the number of periostial haemocytes and a doubling of E. coli accumulation at the periostial regions. Finally, at 24 h postinfection, knockdown of eater decreases the number of periostial haemocytes and decreases the phagocytosis of E. coli on the surface of the heart. Phagocytosis of bacteria is more prevalent in the periostial regions of the mid abdominal segments, and knockdown of draper, nimrod or eater does not alter this distribution. Finally, knockdown of Nimrod family genes did not have a meaningful effect on the accumulation of melanin at the periostial regions. This study identifies roles for eater and draper in the functional integration of the mosquito immune and circulatory systems.
Core outcome domains in incontinence‐associated dermatitis research
Authors: Van den Bussche Karen , Kottner Jan , Beele Hilde , De Meyer Dorien , Dunk Ann Marie , Ersser Steven , Lange Toni , Petrovic Mirko , Schoonhoven Lisette , Smet Steven , Van Damme Nele , Verhaeghe Sofie , Van Hecke Ann , Beeckman Dimitri
Published: March 2018

Aim

To report the development of a core set of outcome domains for clinical research involving adults with incontinence‐associated dermatitis or at risk, independently from any geographical location or skin colour.

Background

The management of incontinence‐associated dermatitis is important in caring for incontinent patients. The lack of comparability of clinical trial outcomes is a major challenge in the field of evidence‐based incontinence‐associated dermatitis prevention and treatment. Core outcome sets may therefore be helpful to improve the value of clinical incontinence‐associated dermatitis research.

Design

Systematic literature review, patient interviews and consensus study using Delphi procedure.

Methods

A list of outcome domains was generated through a systematic literature review (no date restrictions—April 2016), consultation of an international steering committee and three patient interviews. The project team reviewed and refined the outcome domains prior to starting a three‐round Delphi procedure conducted between April–September 2017. The panellists, including healthcare providers, researchers and industry were invited to rate the importance of the outcome domains.

Results

We extracted 1,852 outcomes from 244 articles. Experts proposed 56 and patients 32 outcome domains. After refinement, 57 panellists from 17 countries rated a list of 58 outcome domains. The final list of outcome domains includes erythema, erosion, maceration,IAD‐related pain and patient satisfaction.

Conclusion

Erythema, erosion, maceration, incontinence‐associated dermatitis ‐related pain and patient satisfaction are the most important outcome domains to be measured in incontinence‐associated dermatitis trials. Based on this international consensus on what to measure, the question of how to measure these domains now requires consideration.

Registration:This project has been registered in the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMETInitiative) database and is part of the Cochrane Skin Group—Core Outcomes Set Initiative (CSG‐COUSIN).
Health‐promoting leadership: An integrative review and future research agenda
Authors: Akerjordet Kristin , Furunes Trude , Haver Annie
Published: March 2018

Aim

To provide a synthesis of the evidence of health‐promoting leadership related to nursing by exploring definitions, core attributes and critical conditions.

Background

Increasing pressure in healthcare settings due to efficiency requirements, population ageing with complex illnesses and projected global shortage of nurses, is a potential threat to nurses’ health and job satisfaction, and patient quality of care and safety. New ways of thinking about nursing leadership and evidence‐based human resource management are required to improve nursing environments.

Design

Integrative literature review.

Data Sources

Eight databases were searched: Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, Emerald, ERIC, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Psychinfo and Science Direct. Included papers were published between 2000–2016.

Review methods

Of 339 papers, 13 were eligible for inclusion: eight qualitative and five quantitative. Studies were assessed for quality using standardized checklists. Framework‐based synthesis was used, allowing for themes identified a priori to be specified as coding categories. This method also allows new themes to emerge de novo.

Results

Four themes were identified. There are multiple definitions of health‐promoting leadership, along with description of the non‐health‐promoting leader. The health‐promoting nurse leader engages in employees’ health promotion, and takes responsibility for actions and maintains open communication, accommodating nurses’ participation in change processes. Through competence development, the health‐promoting organization builds capacity.

Conclusion

Health‐promoting leadership may be a promising path to optimizing nursing outcomes through holistic thinking, which emphasizes the importance of context. Accumulated research is required to build a stronger line of international research, with attention to underlying mechanisms, limiting conditions and behaviours known to health‐promoting leadership.
Temperature‐dependent development of Aproceros leucopoda (Hymenoptera: Argidae), an invasive pest of elms in Europe
Authors: Papp V. , Ladányi M. , Vétek G.
Published: March 2018

The temperature‐dependent development of Aproceros leucopoda Takeuchi, 1939 (Hymenoptera: Argidae), an invasive pest of elms in Europe, was studied in the laboratory on Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila) at six constant temperatures (10.9, 15.0, 19.5, 23.0, 24.3 and 27.0°C) and at a photoperiod of 16L:8D. The larvae of the species developed through 4–7 instars, and it was the 6th instar individuals of which continued their development at the highest rate. The developmental threshold (Tmin) and the thermal constant (K) were determined by the linear model and Lactin‐2 model for egg, larval, prepupal and pupal stages and one whole generation. The estimated values of Tmin and K by the two models for one generation were 7.3 and 7.1°C, and 426.5 and 432.7 degree‐days, respectively. Based on the survival and fecundity rates, the optimal temperature range for the species may be expected to be between 15.0 and 19.5°C. Allowing for the period of diapause, it was estimated that A. leucopoda might potentially develop through up to four or five generations per year in Hungary. These results may contribute to the better understanding of the biology of an invasive alien species in Europe.
A three‐phase excess post‐exercise oxygen consumption in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and its response to exercise training
Authors: Zhang Y. , Claireaux G. , Takle H. , Jørgensen S. M. , Farrell A. P.
Published: March 2018

The recovery of oxygen uptake to the standard metabolic rate (SMR) following exhaustive chasing exercise in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar parr occurred in three phases (rapid, plateau and slow). The initial recovery phase lasted 0·7 h and contributed 16% to the total excess post‐exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC). It was followed by a longer plateau phase that contributed 53% to the total EPOC. The slow recovery phase that completed recovery of SMR, which has not been reported previously, made a 31% contribution to the total EPOC. The plasticity of EPOC was demonstrated in exercise‐trained fish. Exercise training increased EPOC by 39% when compared with control fish (mean ± S.E., 877·7 ± 73·1 v. 629·2 ± 53·4 mg O2 kg−1, d.f. = 9, P < 0·05), with the duration of the plateau phase increasing by 38% (4·7 ± 0·58 v. 3·4 ± 0·16 h, d.f. = 9, P < 0·05) and the contribution of the slow phase to the total EPOC increasing by 80% (173·9 ± 23·9 v. 312·5 ± 50·4 mg O2 kg−1, d.f. = 9, P < 0·05). As a result, the combination of the plateau and slow phases of exercise‐trained fish increased by 47% compared with control fish (756·6 ± 71·4 v. 513·6 ± 43·1 mg O2 kg−1; d.f. = 9, P = 0·01). To substantiate the hypothesis that the plateau and slow recovery phase of EPOC was related to general metabolic recovery following exhaustive exercise, the time‐course for recovery of SMR was compared with previously published metabolite recovery profiles. The final phase of metabolic recovery was temporally associated with the final phases of gluconeogenesis, lactate oxidation and muscle intracellular pH regulation. Therefore, the plasticity of the latter phase of EPOC agreed with the known effects of exercise training in fishes.