bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Michael L. Batzle Endowed SEG Student Scholarship
Authors: Adam Ludmila , Hofmann Ronny
Published: April 2015

Sometimes those who inspire us leave us too soon, departing before they had a chance to accomplish all the things they looked forward to doing. This was the case for Dr. Michael L. Batzle, better known as Mike or Batz, who left us all too soon on 9 January 2015. Mike's most cited contributions to geophysics were in rock physics (which he termed “squeezing rocks”) and acoustic-fluids research, for which he and Zee Wang received the SEG Virgil Kauffman Gold Medal for their work on seismic properties of pore fluids. In 1994, Mike moved from ARCO to academia, establishing the Center for Rock Abuse at Colorado School of Mines and codirecting the Fluids and DHI Consortium with De-Hua Han.
Crosswell seismic applications for improved reservoir understanding
Authors: Leiceaga Gorka Garcia , Marion Bruce , O'Sullivan Katie Mahoney , Bunge George , Nielsen Jacob Thymann , Fryer Andrew
Published: April 2015

Crosswell seismic (CS) technology provides a high-resolution image of the subsurface between two nearby wells. Crosswell seismic data can reach frequencies greater than 1000 Hz, which makes the technology applicable to many reservoir-development challenges in hydrocarbon exploration and production studies that require high resolution. Applications of crosswell seismic data range from structural and stratigraphic interpretation to reservoir monitoring and enhanced oil recovery (EOR). When integrated with rock physics, crosswell seismic data can be used in reservoir-characterization studies, which potentially could be used for enhancing the resolution of rock properties derived from 3D surface-seismic data to that of crosswell resolution. In addition, velocity models obtained from crosswell seismic data can be used to better predict event locations in microseismic data processing.
Reviews
Authors: Green William R.
Published: April 2015

Gravity and Magnetic Exploration: Principles, Practices, and Applications, by William J. Hinze, Ralph R. B. von Frese, and Afif H. Saad, 2013, ISBN 978-0-521-87101-3, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge/New York, 512 p., US $80.
The loss of Hh responsiveness by a non-ciliary Gli2 variant
Authors: Liu Jinling , Zeng Huiqing , Liu Aimin
Published: April 2015

Hedgehog signaling is crucial for vertebrate development and physiology. Gli2, the primary effector of Hedgehog signaling, localizes to the tip of the primary cilium, but the importance of its ciliary localization remains unclear. We address the roles of Gli2 ciliary localization by replacing endogenous Gli2 with Gli2ΔCLR, a Gli2 variant not localizing to the cilium. The resulting Gli2ΔCLRKI and Gli2ΔCLRKI;Gli3 double mutants resemble Gli2-null and Gli2;Gli3 double mutants, respectively, suggesting the lack of Gli2ΔCLR activation in development. Significantly, Gli2ΔCLR cannot be activated either by pharmacochemical activation of Smo in vitro or by loss of Ptch1 in vivo. Finally, Gli2ΔCLR exhibits strong transcriptional activator activity in the absence of Sufu, suggesting that the lack of its activation in vivo results from a specific failure in relieving the inhibitory function of Sufu. Our results provide strong evidence that the ciliary localization of Gli2 is crucial for cilium-dependent activation of Hedgehog signaling.
Magnetic navigation behavior and the oceanic ecology of young loggerhead sea turtles
Authors: Putman Nathan F. , Verley Philippe , Endres Courtney S. , Lohmann Kenneth J.
Published: April 2015

During long-distance migrations, animals navigate using a variety of sensory cues, mechanisms and strategies. Although guidance mechanisms are usually studied under controlled laboratory conditions, such methods seldom allow for navigation behavior to be examined in an environmental context. Similarly, although realistic environmental models are often used to investigate the ecological implications of animal movement, explicit consideration of navigation mechanisms in such models is rare. Here, we used an interdisciplinary approach in which we first conducted lab-based experiments to determine how hatchling loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) respond to magnetic fields that exist at five widely separated locations along their migratory route, and then studied the consequences of the observed behavior by simulating it within an ocean circulation model. Magnetic fields associated with two geographic regions that pose risks to young turtles (due to cold wintertime temperatures or potential displacement from the migratory route) elicited oriented swimming, whereas fields from three locations where surface currents and temperature pose no such risk did not. Additionally, at locations with fields that elicited oriented swimming, simulations indicate that the observed behavior greatly increases the likelihood of turtles advancing along the migratory pathway. Our findings suggest that the magnetic navigation behavior of sea turtles is intimately tied to their oceanic ecology and is shaped by a complex interplay between ocean circulation and geomagnetic dynamics.
Mereology and uncertainty
Authors: Polkowski Lech T.
Published: April 2015

Mereology as an art of composing complex concepts out of simpler parts is suited well to the task of reasoning under uncertainty: whereas it is most often difficult to ascertain whether a given thing is an element of a concept, it is possible to decide with belief degree close to certainty that the class of things is an ingredient of an other class, which is sufficient for carrying out the reasoning whose conclusions are taken as true under given conditions. We present in this work a scheme for reasoning based on mereology in which mereology in the classical sense is fuzzified in analogy to the concept fuzzification in the sense of L. A. Zadeh. In this process, mereology becomes rough mereology.
Comparison of Rwandan and American Followership Styles
Authors: Thomas Debby
Published: April 2015

Leadership research is plentiful and multifaceted yet followership, an essential component in leadership, attracts little research attention. This research paper measures followership styles in two cultural contexts: American and Rwandan. Although cultural aspects of followership have been studied to some extent, the literature in this area is lacking. Data are collected from two organizations of similar size and function, one in Rwanda, and the other in Oregon, USA. It is hypothesized that Americans’ cultural preferences influence followers to favor critical thinking and active engagement while Rwandan cultural preferences predispose followers to less critical thinking and less active engagement. Results of the research show no significant difference between the cultures on critical thinking and active engagement. However, followership type is significantly different by country. Kelley’s (1992) followership survey and the organizational contexts are probed for possible reasons that no significant differences were found between critical thinking and active engagement, while power distance is seen as the main reason for the difference in followership type. Presently little research has been dedicated to the cultural effects on followership and organizations that work internationally would benefit greatly from a deeper understanding of cultural effects on followership.
Followership at the FDIC: A Case Study
Authors: Read J. Basil
Published: April 2015

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), an independent agency of the U.S. Federal government, has been instructing employees in the tenants of followership since 2009. As part of a multi-pronged approach to create a more empowered workforce and enhance trust in leadership, instruction in followership has helped to raise the FDIC from the bottom third on the best places to work in the Federal government to first place. This paper examines teaching the tenants of followership as an integral part of building individual competency in leading oneself and fostering an organizational culture of shared leadership.
Mission-Driven Followership and Civic Engagement: A Different Sustainable Energy
Authors: Keim Susan
Published: April 2015

The concept of civic engagement, defined independently of engagement in political, social, or vocational organizations connects the parallel concept of followership to civic engagement with two kinds of follower motivation emerging: mission-oriented and leader- oriented. The mission-driven follower “owns” the cause and supports it with an ongoing, sustainable energy, while the leader-driven follower participates based on esteem for the leader. In the latter case, the leader must continually renew the follower’s engagement through direct requests and exhortation. This research has identified an area of emergent opportunity in the leadership and followership literature, conceptualizing civic engagement as most significantly motivated by mission-driven followership. Practically, mission-driven followers should be sought out and encouraged to volunteer because they support the mission and are more likely to stay with the organization through leadership changes. Theoretically, the addition of a quantitative analysis of mission-driven and leader-driven followership contributes to the emerging scholarship on followership.
Examining the Role of Multicultural Competence in Leadership Program Design
Authors: Wilson Amy B.
Published: April 2015

Research examining the multicultural competence of leadership educators across a variety of institutions demonstrated variance based on leadership program structure, program elements, and the ways in which diversity was addressed in the program. The Multicultural Competence in Student Affairs–Preliminary 2 (MCSA-P2) scale was used to measure multicultural competence among student affairs professionals responsible for leadership education and an analysis of results suggests that multicultural competence may be reflected in practice, more specifically the design and structure, of leadership programs.
Changes in Leadership Attitudes and Beliefs Associated with the College Experience: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Fischer Donald V. , Wielkiewicz Richard M. , Stelzner Stephen P. , Overland Maribeth , Meuwissen Alyssa S.
Published: April 2015

Incoming first-year college students completed a leadership survey prior to any formal leadership education. These students were reassessed during the spring of their senior year; 386 students completed both surveys. The differential effect of 33 leadership and demographic variables on change in hierarchical and systemic leadership beliefs were examined with stepwise regression analyses. Completion of a leadership certificate intended for students in supervisory student employment positions and racial/ethnic background were the only variables predicting changes in leadership beliefs. Results are discussed relative to Leadership Identity Development theory (Komives, Owen, Longerbeam, Mainella, & Osteen, 2005) and ecological leadership theory (Wielkiewicz & Stelzner, 2005).
Mindsets of Leadership Education Undergraduates: An Approach to Program Assessment
Authors: Ho Sarah P. , Odom Summer F.
Published: April 2015

Students (N = 313) in undergraduate leadership degree programs at Texas A&M University were surveyed to determine their leadership mindset using hierarchical and systemic thinking preferences. Significant differences in thinking were found between gender and academic classification. Male leadership students scored greater in hierarchical thinking than females. Seniors, leadership students typically in their last semester of studies, scored significantly lower in hierarchical thinking than juniors. Findings indicate formal leadership coursework influences students’ leadership mindsets.
Perceived Leadership Life Skills Developed Through Participation at the Arkansas FFA Leadership Conference: A Program Evaluation
Authors: Ahrens Chelsey Ann , Cox Casandra Kay , Burris Scott , Dykes Mollie
Published: April 2015

Youth leadership life skills are the “development of life skills necessary to perform leadership functions in real life” (Miller, 1976, p.2). A model developed by Kapostasy indicates life skills should be taught through FFA (Staller, 2001). Thus, it is important to evaluate youth leadership life skills developed to determine the effectiveness of leadership curriculum and its quality and impact. This research study surveyed Arkansas FFA members after attending the 2012 Arkansas Leadership Conference to determine the leadership life skills developed while at the conference. Furthermore, this study looked at relationships between FFA participants and FFA participation with youth leadership life skills and provides recommendations for future research and for practitioners.
The Impact of Friendship on the Leadership Identity Development of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Queer Students
Authors: Olive James L.
Published: April 2015

This qualitative study explores the past experiences of six post-secondary students who self-identified as Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and/or Queer (LGBQ) and held leadership roles in student organizations at one large public institution. The purpose of this exploration was to better understand the impact of friendship on the development of a leadership identity. Utilizing Komives et al.’s (2005) Leadership Identity Development (LID) model as a framework, data were obtained from a series of three in-depth interviews with each participant and analyzed through a grounded theory approach. The significance of friendship was noted across all stages of the LID model. Based upon my findings and the suggestions put forth by the participants, a number of recommendations are made for higher education research and practice.
Teaching Multicultural Leadership Using a Social Constructionist Approach
Authors: Fine Leigh E.
Published: April 2015

Multicultural leadership education may be enhanced through the use of social construction literature as a theoretical frame. Here, I present a brief overview of social construction theory and demonstrate how its tenets overlap with the goal of encouraging students’ intercultural competence. I then provide two classroom activities that illustrate how I have used social construction to explain and examine interaction across diverse groups, as well as student feedback regarding the activities’ efficacy.
Building on the concept of leadership: An individual-focused perspective
Authors: Banerjee Dina
Published: April 2015

Very little is known about leadership at an individual level in the scholarship of leadership and social change. In this study using institutional ethnography as a research method, I survey graduate students of the Organizational Development and Leadership program of a mid-Atlantic university. Qualitative data analyses reveal that majority of the respondents believe that leadership has a micro perspective and can be practiced at individual level. Literature defines leadership primarily as a group dynamic. Literature also suggests that one of the functions of leadership is to facilitate positive social changes. Via the data analyses in this study, I propose that any attempt or idea that makes positive differences at an individual level (and not necessarily at the group level) can also be regarded as an effective leadership. Thus, I intend to build on the traditional concepts of leadership by underpinning leadership at an individual level. Future research should further explore this definition of leadership in enhancing the well-being of individuals.
Preparing for Ethical Leadership: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Myers Lewis A.
Published: April 2015

According to Johnson (2001) and Rest (1979) a leader who has developed a high level of moral reasoning will tend to make decisions that are better from an ethical/moral perspective than a leader who has achieved a lower level of moral reasoning. The mission statement at this university states that graduates will be prepared through training in critical and creative thinking as well as moral reasoning to analyze problems, propose solutions, and make responsible decisions. This paper reports the results the of a four- year longitudinal study using the Defining Issues Test (DIT2) to evaluate the change in the level of moral reasoning demonstrated by undergraduate participants in the study.
A Longitudinal Study of Canadian Student Leadership Practices
Authors: Posner Barry Z. , Crawford Bob , Denniston-Stewart Roxy
Published: April 2015

Over a period of three years (2006-2008) students entering [university] were asked to complete the Student Leadership Practices Inventory (S-LPI), and 2,855 initial responses were received. Responding students were asked to complete the S-LPI again at the end of their first and third years of study. No significant differences were found in student use of the leadership practices based on age, geographic origin, or whether the student lived on or off campus during his or her first year. Significant differences were found based on students’ gender and program of study. Implications for leadership development programming are considered.
A Content Analysis of Undergraduate Students’ Perceived Reasons for Changes in Personal Leadership Behaviors
Authors: Burbank Michael , Odom Summer F. , Sandlin M’Randa R.
Published: April 2015

Leadership educators seek to understand how they can better develop leadership among their students through formal and informal course experiences. The purpose of this study was to understand how undergraduate students perceive reasons for changes in their leadership practices, after completing a personal leadership education course. The course focused on the five exemplary practices of college students. As part of the course, students completed the Student Leadership Practices Inventory (S-LPI) as a pre and post assessment. A qualitative content analysis of 107 undergraduate student reflections from multiple sections of a leadership course was conducted to examine students’ perceptions of what influenced their change in scores on the S-LPI assessment. Students perceived that the curricular, co-curricular, and extracurricular activities of the course (including the high-impact service-learning project) affected their change in score for the leadership behavior(s) they intended to focus on throughout the semester. Students whose scores did not increase for the leadership behavior they chose to focus on still experienced leadership growth and development but attributed their growth to different items: their growth was in a different leadership behavior than intended or they developed a greater understanding of the five practices which affected their self-assessed score.
Identifying Inputs to Leadership Development within an Interdisciplinary Leadership Minor
Authors: McKim Aaron J. , Sorensen Tyson J. , Velez Jonathan J.
Published: April 2015

Researchers conducted a qualitative analysis of students’ experiences while enrolled in an interdisciplinary leadership minor with the intent to determine programmatic inputs that spur leadership development. Based on students’ reflections, three domains of programmatic inputs for leadership development within the minor were identified. These domains include leadership development at the individual level, leadership development at the group level, and leadership development through experiential learning. Themes within these three domains are also identified providing additional insight into the participants’ experiences while enrolled in the leadership minor. Based on these findings, researchers proposed a framework for leadership development within an interdisciplinary minor. Recommendations for future research and application of the proposed framework are discussed.
Current perceptions of statutory supervision of midwifery: Time for change?
Authors: Wier Jacqueline
Published: April 2015

Statutory supervision of midwifery has been in place in the UK for 113 years. Recently, however, the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2015) have voted to accept the recommendations of the King's fund review (2015) into midwifery regulation, which will see the end of the statutory supervision of midwifery as we know it. Much of the literature on this subject extols the virtues of statutory supervision. The aim of this study is to explore current perceptions of statutory supervision among a sample of midwifery practitioners to establish whether their views and opinions of statutory supervision supports or undermines the provision of care. The data represents a complex picture of supervision. Concerns and challenges arise for all those involved with statutory supervision, which at times does not appear to support the provision of quality care.
Midwifery learning toolbox
Authors: Sporek Paulina Ewa
Published: April 2015

Student midwife, Paulina Sporek, is developing a new project to support your learning by producing innovative resources adapted to different learning styles.
Organisation and resource management in the intensive care unit: A critical review
Authors: Skinner Elizabeth , Warrillow Stephen , Denehy Linda
Published: April 2015

Background/Aim:

Patients are admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) for critical care not available to patients in the general wards, with the potential for reversible organ failure as a key admission criterion. The objective of this integrative review was to examine and discuss the literature pertaining to the environment of the ICU, including unit organisation, staffing and equipment, that underpins the provision of ICU services. This review also aimed to discuss current perspectives on ICU resources and utilisation.

Methods:

To prepare this integrated literature review, computer-assisted searches were conducted using the PubMed/Medline, CINAHL and EMBASE databases. An extensive search of library databases was undertaken using relevant keywords and related article searches. Studies were included if they were rated by a single investigator to have relevant content in these areas. Due to the breadth of the review, a structured approach was taken to integrate the relevant findings.

Results:

There was limited literature examining the relationships between these important areas. There was some evidence that a closed model of ICU care is associated with improved outcomes and less resource utilisation compared with an open model of ICU, although there was conflicting evidence for critical care delivered outside of the ICU. Critical care may be most effectively provided via a team model. The heterogeneity of the ICU setting, in particular the unique aspects of the delivery of ICU care in the Australasian model, hampered the ability to draw broad and clinically meaningful conclusions.

Conclusions:

Due to the increased demand for ICU services, ongoing evaluation of the long-term outcomes of ICU on the efficient use of resources to optimise patient outcomes is imperative. Results from the current evidence base suggest that rather than broad-based adjunctive services, refinement and subsequent evaluation of intensive care services in targeted and specific populations may be required, and that empirical evidence for the support of many organisational, structural, equipment and staffing aspects of ICU service delivery is lacking. Further research is needed to investigate the relationships between existing and conceptual models of care and direct patient outcomes.
Two of a kind
Authors: Harries Judith
Published: April 2015

Continuing this series on mathematics, Judith Harries looks at activities focusing around the number two, such as hunts for matching pairs and duets.
Positive relationships
Authors: Doyle Phoebe
Published: April 2015

Children's experiences in forming relationships will vary greatly when they join early years education. This article looks at the importance of teaching children the skills to build meaningful friendships.
Building a kingdom
Authors: Hewson Claire
Published: April 2015

The popular television series Ben and Holly's Little Kingdom can be used to practise language and communication while covering other cross-curricular objectives.
Paisagem cultural das montanhas do noroeste de Portugal: um ciclo de construção, desestruturação e reconversão
Authors: Pereira Andreia , Pedrosa António de Sousa
Published: April 2015

Na paisagem cultural das montanhas do Noroeste de Portugal, a estrutura de socalcos nas vertentes constitui o principal marco de identidade. Por sua vez, a prática do regadio, assente em sistemas de rega tradicionais, constitui uma estratégia essencial ao desenvolvimento das actividades agro-pastoris nos diferentes tipos de socalcos. No contexto do estudo dos riscos, o conhecimento destas vulnerabilidades é fundamental. As propostas apresentadas podem enquadrar-se na prevenção de riscos geomorfológicos, de riscos climático-hidrológicos e de riscos de incêndios florestais.
Manifestação do risco de incêndio florestal, causas e investigação criminal
Authors: Bento Gonçalves António J. , Lourenço Luciano , Da Silva João Dias
Published: April 2015

Quando se analisa o número de arguidos e condenados por crime de incêndio e se cruza com os registos desse crime feitos pelas autoridades, mesmo tendo em conta a falta de informação e a sua reduzida qualidade, verifica-se a existência de alguns problemas no respeitante à investigação das causas e à investigação criminal conducente à constituição dos referidos arguidos.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DAS AÇÕES DE EDUCAÇÃO PERMANENTE EM SAÚDE NO ESTADO DE SANTA CATARINA
Authors: Vieira de Araújo Sandri Juliana , Becker Gisele , Gava Karoline , Rebello Rafaella
Published: April 2015

Resumo:Este artigo objetiva caracterizar as ações da Educação Permanente em Saúde (EPS) no Estado de Santa Catarina no contexto da força do trabalho vivo do Sistema Único de Saúde. Estudo com análise quantitativa com os participantes e articuladores das Comissões de Integração Ensino e Serviço Regionais (CIES). No Estado há 16 CIES e elas estão distribuídas por regiões descentralizadas, sendo que cada uma delas está subordinada a uma Comissão de Intergestores Regionais (CIR), conforme determina a Portaria GM/MS1996 de 2003. Participaram da pesquisa as CIES que tiveram ações de EP no período de 2011 a 2013, perfazendo um total de 14 CIES. Todas foram identificadas pela região correspondente (R). Como técnica para a coleta de dados utilizou-se o questionário para a obtenção do perfil das ações de educação permanente e a entrevista para apresentar a articulação do quadrilátero (gestão, ensino, serviço e controle social) na condução da Política de Educação Permanente em Saúde em Santa Catarina. Os resultados indicam que as regiões R7, R9 e R2 apresentaram o maior número de ações realizadas no período (47,6%); em relação à carga horária das ações R7, R9 e R5 se sobressaem (88,7%); R2, R3 e R7 foram as regiões de maior expressão quanto ao quantitativo de participantes (61%); R7, assim, destaca-se como uma região expressiva no número de ações, carga horária e quantitativo de participantes; as ações de EPS foram direcionadas para o serviço (47,6%), gestão (32,1%), ensino (16,7%) e controle social (03,6%); a categoria profissional que mais esteve presente foi enfermeiro (13%), seguida pelo odontólogo (10,8%). Muito se tem que avançar, contudo se pode deduzir que o Estado de Santa Catarina está cumprindo o seu papel quando realiza a articulação dessa política por meio da CIES Estadual e quando estimula a autonomia das CIES Regionais na condução da sua operacionalidade. Somos um eterno aprendiz deste SUS que não para de crescer e de se consolidar como a maior proteção social que um cidadão pode almejar.
Attitude to the study of chemistry and its relationship with achievement in an introductory undergraduate course
Authors: Brown Stephen J , White Sue , Sharma Bibhya , Wakeling Lara , Naiker Mani , Chandra Shaneel , Gopalan Romila , Bilimoria Veena
Published: April 2015

A positive attitude to a subject may be congruent with higher achievement; however, limited evidence supports this for students in undergraduate chemistry – this may result from difficulties in quantifying attitude. Therefore, in this study, the Attitude to the Study of Chemistry Inventory (ASCI) – a validated instrument to quantify attitude, was used to measure attitude to chemistry in 125 undergraduates studying an introductory course in chemistry, as part of a BSc Chemistry major. The 13 week course contained 4 summative assessments: practical (PRAC), tutorial (TUT), on-line web-based learning (OWL), and a final exam (FE). Sub-scales within ASCI which quantify the ‘affective’ and ‘cognitive’ components of attitude were determined. Firstly, for all 125 students, weak correlations (r) between the affective scale score and FE (r=0.275, P
How Experience Variety Shapes Postpurchase Product Evaluation
Authors: Etkin Jordan , Sela Aner
Published: April 2015

Product usage experiences have a significant impact on postpurchase evaluation and subsequent behavior. Consumers look to their own experiences, as well as those of others, when deciding what to buy and what to recommend. Contrary to the intuition that varied experiences should enhance evaluation, five studies demonstrate that in some situations, perceiving usage experiences as less—not more—varied improves postpurchase product evaluation. Less varied usage experiences make consumers think that products are used more frequently. As a result, perceiving usage experiences as less varied makes consumers more satisfied with their purchase, more likely to buy it again, and more likely to recommend it. In addition to their practical implications, the findings make important theoretical contributions to the variety literature and toward understanding frequency and numerosity judgments.
Opportunities for Consumer Research from the Food and Drug Administration's Center for Tobacco Products
Authors: Andrews J. Craig , Choiniere Conrad J. , Portnoy David B.
Published: April 2015

The first purpose of this Policy Watch article is to discuss the Food and Drug Administration's regulatory authority over the manufacture, marketing, and distribution of tobacco products. In doing so, the authors describe the public health goals and priorities from the Food and Drug Administration's Center for Tobacco Products. Then, the authors present current consumer and marketing research in important areas of reducing the death and disability resulting from tobacco use, such as the impacts of health warnings, modified risk tobacco products, new tobacco products, and public education campaigns. Finally, the authors identify important research gaps and offer specific opportunities for consumer researchers to consider.
Aristotle’s Dichotomous Anthropology: What is Most Human in the Nicomachean Ethics?
Authors: Thorsrud Harald
Published: April 2015

Many commentators have noted how the conflict in Aristotle’s account of human nature in the
Analysis of a Stabilized CNLF Method with Fast Slow Wave Splittings for Flow Problems
Authors: Jiang Nan , Tran Hoang
Published: April 2015

In this work, we study Crank–Nicolson leap-frog (CNLF) methods with fast-slow wave splittings for Navier–Stokes equations (NSE) with a rotation/Coriolis force term, which is a simplification of geophysical flows. We propose a new stabilized CNLF method where the added stabilization completely removes the method's CFL time step condition.
A comprehensive stability and error analysis is given. We also prove that for
Oseen equations with the rotation term, the unstable mode (for which

u

n
+
1

+

u

n
-
1

≡
0

$u^{n+1}+u^{n-1}\equiv 0 $

) of CNLF is asymptotically stable. Numerical results are provided to verify the stability and the convergence of the methods.
Opportunities for Nannochloropsis gaditana biomass through the isolation of its components and biodiesel production
Authors: Mendoza Alvaro , Vicente Gemma , Bautista L. F. , Morales Victoria
Published: April 2015

Biomass from oleaginous microorganisms is an attractive source of materials used for the production of renewable fuels and industrial products due to its high productivity and the fact that it does not compete with human food. To ensure the economic feasibility and environmental sustainability of microbial biomass as feedstock, it is necessary to integrate its production and processing into the biorefinery concept. To achieve this goal, biodiesel production and fractionation of the whole biomass into different types of compounds (lipids, proteins, etc.) and further processing of each fraction must be performed. In the present work, the use of a microbial biomass source, the microalga
Functional diversity of the superfamily of K+ transporters to meet various requirements
Authors: Diskowski Marina , Mikusevic Vedrana , Stock Charlott , Hänelt Inga
Published: April 2015

The superfamily of K+ transporters unites proteins from plants, fungi, bacteria, and archaea that translocate K+ and/or Na+ across membranes. These proteins are key components in osmotic regulation, pH homeostasis, and resistance to high salinity and dryness. The members of the superfamily are closely related to K+ channels such as KcsA but also show several striking differences that are attributed to their altered functions. This review highlights these functional differences, focusing on the bacterial superfamily members KtrB, TrkH, and KdpA. The functional variations within the family and comparison to MPM-type K+ channels are discussed in light of the recently solved structures of the Ktr and Trk systems.
Cooling rate effects on the crystallization kinetics of polypropylene/date palm fiber composite materials
Authors: Boukettaya Sonia , Seddique Waseem Al , Alawar Ahmad , Daly Hachmi Ben , Hammami Adel
Published: April 2015

Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of polypropylene/date palm fiber (PP/DPF) composite materials were investigated in this study, using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method. Different fiber contents and cooling rates, varying from 2.5°C/min to 20°C/min, were considered. The obtained results indicated that the initial crystallization temperature increases with the increase of the DPF content. This was attributed to the nucleating ability of these fibers. Several theoretical models were used to predict the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of the materials considered in this study. Basically, it was shown that both the Avrami analysis, modified by Jeziorny, and the method developed by Mo could adequately describe such kinetics. The activation energies required during the overall crystallization process and at different amounts of the relative degree of crystallinity were also evaluated using the Kissinger method and the isoconversional analysis of calorimetric data, respectively. It was shown that the presence of the DPFs in the PP matrix decreases these energies, confirming their nucleating ability during the non-isothermal crystallization process.
High-pressure syntheses and crystal structures of orthorhombic DyGaO3 and trigonal GaBO3
Authors: Vitzthum Daniela , Hering Stefanie A. , Perfler Lukas , Huppertz Hubert
Published: April 2015

Orthorhombic dysprosium orthogallate DyGaO3 and trigonal gallium orthoborate GaBO3 were synthesized in a Walker-type multianvil apparatus under high-pressure/high-temperature conditions of 8.5 GPa/1350 °C and 8 GPa/700 °C, respectively. Both crystal structures could be determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction data collected at room temperature. The orthorhombic dysprosium orthogallate crystallizes in the space group Pnma (Z = 4) with the parameters a = 552.6(2), b = 754.5(2), c = 527.7(2) pm, V = 0.22002(8) nm3, R1 = 0.0309, and wR2 = 0.0662 (all data) and the trigonal compound GaBO3 in the space group R3̅c (Z = 6) with the parameters a = 457.10(6), c = 1419.2(3) pm, V = 0.25681(7) nm3, R1 = 0.0147, and wR2 = 0.0356 (all data).
Maxwell, Measurement, and the Modes of Electromagnetic Theory
Authors: Hunt Bruce J.
Published: April 2015

In 1861–62, James Clerk Maxwell published “On Physical Lines of Force,” in which he laid out a detailed mechanical model of the ether and argued that it could account not only for electromagnetic phenomena but for light as well. In 1864, he followed with “A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field,” in which he derived the electromagnetic equations from general dynamical considerations without invoking any mechanical model of the ether. Why the shift? Did Maxwell regard his mechanical model as mere scaffolding, to be cast aside once it had led him to the proper field equations? Or did he remain committed to the goal of a purely mechanical explanation, but find it useful to free his main results, particularly his electromagnetic theory of light, from dependence on the specifics of an admittedly speculative model? To understand the apparent shift Maxwell’s thinking underwent between 1862 and 1864, I propose that we look closely at what he was doing in 1863. He spent that year working hard for the British Association Committee on Electrical Standards, collaborating with telegraph engineers to establish the value of the ohm and laying the groundwork for measuring the ratio of electrostatic to electromagnetic units, a key quantity in his electromagnetic theory of light. This experience led Maxwell to adopt for a time an engineering approach that focused on establishing relationships between measureable quantities rather than devising hypothetical mechanisms. Maxwell’s electromagnetic work thus had closer ties to the technological context of the day than has generally been recognized.
Heirs to Biblical Prophecy
Authors: Timmer Jaap
Published: April 2015

The notion that forebears of Solomon Islanders might be descendants of the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel is widespread among To’abaita speakers in North Malaita, and it features in a particular way in the theology of the popular All Peoples Prayer Assembly (APPA), also known as the Deep Sea Canoe Movement. Prominent in this boast of an Israelite genealogy is a utopian fantasy of a just “Israel” grounded in the ancestral soil of the island of Malaita. This article describes the APPA worldview as an alternative modernity that is meaningful to the To’abaitans because it provides a new sense of self and a shared destiny. Although APPA’s theology relates to the people’s socio-economic concerns, it reveals more clearly the continuity of some key cultural models through changing global influences, local histories and cultural dynamics.
Conversion to Islam in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Flower Scott
Published: April 2015

Papua New Guinea is famous for its religious diversity, innovation, and role as the intellectual home of the “cargo-cult.” Contrary to the dominant contemporary trend toward localized and syncretized forms of Christianity, one of the fastest-growing new religious movements in Papua New Guinea is the not so “new” religion of Islam. From 2000–2012, the Muslim convert population grew more than 1,000 percent, and data from fieldwork between 2007 and 2011 suggests that globalization factors, especially missionaries and media, are contributing to increased conversion rates. Transition from traditional life to modernity is sparking a range of social and personal crises leading people to search for new religions more closely aligned with traditional, local, cultural and material dimensions. This makes future conversion growth in Papua New Guinea likely.
Gestión del conocimiento sustentable universitario Visión aproximada de experiencias latinoamericanas
Authors: Carvajal Beatriz Carolina
Published: April 2015

En la investigación que sustenta este artículo, se desarrolló como objetivo: el análisis de experiencias de gestión de conocimiento en universidades latinoamericanas (Venezuela, Argentina, Brasil). Con base en ese análisis, se plantearon lineamientos generales para la gestión del conocimiento sustentable. Se propone el concepto de gestión del conocimiento sustentable como abstracción teórica, que permite la conexión tanto del constructo de co-inspiración (Maturana, 1997a, 1997b) como del criterio de autopoiesis (Maturana y Valera, 1999), con el principio de una mente sustentable (Vieira, 2011). Desde una perspectiva transdisciplinar en la que convergen: la sociología, la biología y la ecología, la problemática de la gestión de conocimiento es vista como una articulación de procesos sociales y ecológicos, que pueden ser comprendidos con la mediación de diversas disciplinas que posibilitarían la gestión del conocimiento a futuro. Los lineamientos generales postulados se fundan en la reflexión teórica y en la interpretación de las entrevistas semiestructuradas a expertos en el área de gestión de conocimiento de las universidades seleccionadas en el muestreo intencional, a saber: a) en Venezuela: Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado (UCLA), Universidad del Zulia (LUZ), Universidad Nacional Experimental Rafael María Baralt (UNERMB), y la Universidad de Carabobo (UC); b) en Argentina: Universidad de Buenos Aires y Universidad de Córdoba, y c) en Brasil: Instituto Federal Sul Rio Grandense y la Universidad Federal de Río de Janeiro (UFRJ). Se concluye que la producción y la gestión del conocimiento académico sustentable han sido importantes inquietudes históricas de los académicos latinoamericanos; se agrega que esos problemas tienen expresiones específicas en los diferentes países. Factores de orden socioeconómico, político y ecológico, tales como pobreza, hambre, desigual distribución del ingreso global, indisponibilidad de recursos médicos y biotecnológicos y daño ecológico, sólo por mencionar algunos, representan una realidad que impulsa a los académicos hacia la búsqueda de respuestas decisivas, planteando la urgencia en la búsqueda de la renovación en la gestión del conocimiento universitario. La propuesta es hacer coexistir, como igualmente importantes y sin subordinación el uno del otro, dos focos de referencia: la organización universitaria como un todo y cada una de las personas que la constituyen; una gestión precedida por la inter- y transdisciplinariedad del conocimiento, y sostenida en una red conversacional de comprensión, inclusión, y co-inspiración.
Fortalecimiento del capital social a través del voluntariado, caso comuna de una ciudad colombiana
Authors: Echeverry Rubio Alejandro , Rodríguez Córdoba María del Pilar , Correa Meneses Juan Sebastián
Published: April 2015

Este artículo presenta los resultados de un proyecto investigativo sobre cómo se puede fortalecer el capital social de una comunidad, a través de la puesta en marcha de un programa de voluntariado. Para ello, se revisa la teoría sobre el capital social y el voluntariado, y se muestra la metodología cualitativa aplicada durante un trabajo de campo de año y medio, con miembros de la Ciudadela del Norte de la ciudad de Manizales (Colombia). Los resultados proponen un modelo de voluntariado con tres ejes de acción: uso del tiempo libre, prevención de la drogadicción en adolescentes y promoción de la capacitación. Las conclusiones se presentan desde los aspectos metodológicos, teóricos y prácticos, como un ejercicio de integralidad investigativa.
Una lectura al Qohélet
Authors: Arango Oscar Javier
Published: April 2015

Esta disertación sobre el Qohélet o el Eclesiastés, libro del canon sapiencial, es el resultado de una lectura aficionada que empezó años atrás y que fue transformándose en objeto de estudio. Mi lectura fue más literaria que teológica, lo que hizo que una parte importante del libro quedara por fuera de mis alcances. Sin embargo, la carencia de conocimientos especializados, me brindó la posibilidad de buscar otras maneras teóricas de acercarme al texto. El análisis que presento se limita a hacer una lectura intuitiva de la forma sapiencial en el libro del Eclesiastés —apoyado en las relaciones particulares entre experiencia, reflexión y expresión, propias (según esta propuesta de lectura) de la literatura sapiencia— y con ello, a proponer una definición de la base formal de este género basada en su propósito, que es la búsqueda de la ética.
Esta propuesta atiende a la idea de que “la Biblia es el fundamento de toda la literatura occidental”. No obstante, paradójicamente, el conocimiento que se tiene de la Biblia en la academia, proviene más de la tradición oral que de la lectura o estudio del texto mismo.
The economics of peace and war in the Chinese military classics
Authors: McCaffrey Matthew
Published: April 2015

While some classics of Chinese military and strategic thought, like Sun Tzu’s The Art of War, are well-studied by researchers and business professionals, lesser-known works in China’s military canon have been neglected. This article surveys seven major ancient Chinese texts and discusses the contribution of each to the political economy of peace and war. As a rule, the writings stress the importance of nonviolent conflict resolution and advocate the avoidance of war whenever possible. In addition, they also consider the role of the state in war-making, especially its methods of war finance and attempts to encourage or discourage economic activity. They generally warn the state to limit its expenditure and impositions on the population so as to encourage the production of resources for use in military campaigns, should they become necessary. [JEL codes: B11, H2, H56]
The Effect of Farmer-Pastoralist Violence on Income: New Survey Evidence from Nigeria’s Middle Belt States
Authors: McDougal Topher L. , Hagerty Talia , Inks Lisa , Ugo-Ike Claire-Lorentz , Dowd Caitriona , Conroy Stone , Ogabiela Daniel
Published: April 2015

This study estimates the relationship between violent conflict and household income in four states of Nigeria’s Middle Belt region (Benue, Kaduna, Nasarawa, and Plateau) where farmers and pastoralists routinely clash over access to farmland, grazing areas, stock routes, and water points for animals and households. Although relatively low in intensity, this form of violence is widespread, persistent, and arguably increasing in its incidence. We obtained data on income and household-level violence exposure from an original household survey administered in September 2014. Employing a negative binomial instrumental variables model, we find an inverse relation between violence and household incomes. Incomes could be increased by between 64 to 210 percent of current levels if violence related to farmer-pastoralist conflict in the four study states were reduced to near-zero. Cumulatively, we find that forgone income represents 10.2 percent of the combined official state domestic product in the study area. This is high when compared to the costs of conflict measured in other studies, even as our study takes account only of microeconomic costs. After incorporating an estimate of the size of the informal economy, the microeconomic cost of farmer-pastoralist conflict to the total economy is approximately 2.9 percent. [JEL codes: C36, D74, J17]
Online supplement: Nonparasitic warlords and geographic distance
Authors: Hionis Jerry
Published: April 2015

This is an online supplement for Jerry Hinois. “Nonparasitic warlords and geographic distance.” Economics of Peace and Security Journal. Vol. 10, No. 1 (2015). doi:10.15355/epsj.10.1.5