bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF POPULATION HEALTH RISKS MANAGEMENT IN RUSSIA
Authors: Rakitskiy V. N. , Avaliani Simon L. , Shashina T. A. , Dodina N. S.
Published: March 2019

In the article there are defined the main tasks of risk analysis and its main component - risk management, which make it possible to develop economically efficient measures, aimed at the impact reduction of environmental harmful factors for public health based on the analysis of market driven approaches «cost-benefit» and «cost-effectiveness». As well there are emphasized significant fundamental changes in the area of the legislative support of management activity, focused on sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population. The implementation of risk-focused approach to the practice of means of control and supervision to the government of Russian Federation is an integral part of control reformation system of different nature. The key problems of public health risk management in Russia are defined and the main ways of their solution are discussed. Thus, the development of reliable and scientifically based classifications of hazard level for objects requires clear criteria for supervision of assessing objects. Classes of business entities should reflect the leading risk factors, which discovered in the controlled areas. In the justification of risk from the probability (frequency) of violations of the mandatory requirements of sanitary legislation required the inventory of all consequences of the breach of sanitary legislation for each object of supervision and their ranking according to the degree of hazard. It is pointed out, that the movement towards to the technological regulation of air pollution emissions, including indicators of the Maximum Achievable Control Technology or (MACT) is a progressive management method, which requires an analysis with the use of MACT from the perspective of achieving acceptable risk levels, as well as an assessment of the effectiveness of alternative measures to reduce emissions, including MACT. It was noted, that on the basis of comparative risk analysis, it is possible to assess not only the risk to human health, but also the environmental risk to the ecosystem and its components, as well as the risk associated with the violation of the quality and living conditions. It is seen the interaction of concerned parties in the development of solutions management of health risks from environmental factors.
TRANSLOCATION STUDYING OF THE INDEX OF THE HAZARD OF 2-METHYL-4-CHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID IN HYGIENIC RATING
Authors: Sinitskaya T. A. , Gromova Irina P. , Egorchenkova O. E. , Pletenev P. A.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. The implementation of new pesticides into agricultural practice is possible only after their comprehensive toxicological and hygienic study and hygienic regulation, which is the basis for the preventing their adverse effects on the health of workers and the population, as well as on the environment. The rationale for the maximum allowable concentration of the pesticide’s active substance in the soil is based on the study of the main hazard indices established experimentally. The translocation hazard index in the soil-plant system, along with other indices of hazard (migrational-water, migrational-air and general-sanitary) in soil-water, soil-air and soil-microbiocenosis systems, reflects one of the indirect effects of xenobiotics on the contacting medium, by which the limiting index of the maximum allowable concentration of the pesticide’s controlled active ingredient is established. Material and methods. At this stage, studies have been carried out to investigate the translocation hazard index characterizing migration processes of the pesticide based on the active substance 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (phenoxyacetic acid class) from the soil to plants. The studies were performed with taking into account the observance of the requirements for carrying out experimental studies in standard, comparable soil and microclimatic conditions, and also in accordance with the principle of the extremality, which contributes the maximum migration of the studied chemical to the media (water, air, plant) in contact with the soil. To obtain a scientifically grounded threshold concentration of the substance of this hazard index, the study was carried out using a special sealed climatic chamber with controlled conditions of the ranges of illumination, temperature, and humidity of the air. Results. Based on the obtained experimental data, the threshold concentration of the controlled active substance was determined according to the translocation hazard index, in which the accumulation of the substance by plant phytomass at the time of harvest does not exceed the maximum permissible level (MRL) for food products.
AFTEREFFECTS OF THE IMPACT OF THE RADIATION EXPOSURE ON THE TERRITORY AND THE POPULATION OF THE ALTAI KRAI
Authors: Kolyado I. B. , Plugin Sergey V. , Tribunsky S. I.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. The paper presents the assessment of the aftereffects of the radiation exposure on the territory and the population of the Altai Krai following nuclear tests at the Semipalatinsk Test Site. The peculiarity of the appearance of radiation doses of the population was that the overwhelming part of the dose formed by short-lived radionuclides. The main carrier of the negative impact of the nuclear weapon testing is the population of the Altai Krai resided in territories adjacent to test site during the period 1949-1963, as well as their descendants. The radiation situation on the territory of the region currently has no restrictions for residence and economic activities. Material and methods. The assessment of the impact of the effects of nuclear testing requires the reconstruction of the effective radiation doses of the population. For this purpose, Methodical Guidance (MG 2.6.1.2574-2010) “Determination of total (accumulated) effective radiation doses of the subjects from the population exposed to radiation as a result of nuclear tests at the Semipalatinsk Test Site” was used. The calculations were made for 6.5 thousand citizens of the Russian Federation. Results. To assess the remote consequences of the impact of the Semipalatinsk Test Site upon the health of the population living in the nearby areas, a regional segment of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Register across the Altai Territory was formed. Based on the results of compulsory special medical surveillance, the health of the contingents of the regional segment of the register was assessed. In 2017, the rate of common incidence increased significantly, and the rate of firstly revealed incidence was practically unchanged. Conclusion. The most significant pathologies include diseases of the circulatory system, musculoskeletal system, digestive organs, endocrine system, nervous system and sensory organs, respiratory organs, genitourinary system and malignant neoplasms. The rate of the common mortality rate of the Register’s contingents has considerably decreased. The most significant causes of death are the diseases of the circulatory system, neoplasms, and respiratory diseases.
GEOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT OF ECOLOGICAL STATE OF SOILS
Authors: Beznosikov V. A. , Lodygin Evgeny D.
Published: March 2019

There was executed the ecological and geochemical assessment of the regional background of heavy metals (HM) and hydrocarbons in the soils of the Komi Republic. There were examined 249 soil samples taken from 15 organic horizons of the main types and subtypes of background soils from Usinsk and Pechora districts of the Komi Republic. The quantitative chemical analysis of HM in the soil samples was carried out by atomic absorption method: Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, Mn - on atomic emission spectrometer Spectro Ciros inductively coupled argon plasma, Hg - using the RA-915+ mercury spectrometer on the pyrolytic prefix RP-91C. The concentration of hydrocarbons in the soil samples was determined by the value of the hexane extract of the fluorescence intensity measured on a liquid analyzer Fluorat-02. Background levels of HM and in the soils were found to be determined by characteristics of the particle size distribution of soil-forming rocks, as well as the arrangement of soil geochemical autonomous and subordinate landscapes. The basic amount of HM and hydrocarbons accumulated in the organic horizons: the largest, as a rule, in the soils of river valleys (flood), on flat depressions, poorly drained river ridges and gentle slopes (bog-podzolic and illuvial-ferruginous); the lowest - in the watersheds (podzols). Differentiation between HM and hydrocarbons in genetic horizons is more pronounced in loamy automorphic and less sandy, semi-hydromorphic and hydromorphic soils. For all soils, there is the typical eluvial-illuvial distribution of HM and hydrocarbons in the profile. The revealed pair correlations between the individual elements in the soils give an indication of the similar orientation of biogeochemical processes in the soil formation. The database of the content of HM and hydrocarbons in soils using GIS technology was created. The research results were the basis for the Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection of the Komi Republic of November 25, 2009 N 529 «On establishing norms background concentrations of chemical elements and hydrocarbons in the soils of the Komi Republic».
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF STATE QUARANTINE AND HEALTH POLICY IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE XVIII CENTURY
Authors: Shkunov Vladimir N.
Published: March 2019

The article is devoted to the history and development of the sanitary service in the Russian Empire in the XVIII century, the implementation of state quarantine policy in the territory of a vast state. Special attention is given to legislative measures to ensure relevant measures for the prevention and spread of epidemics and epizootics in connection with the expansion of trade and economic relations of Russia with foreign countries. There was proposed the periodization of state quarantine policies during the XVIII century. The establishment of quarantine at customs houses marked the beginning of a new phase in the implementation of state quarantine policies that have received systemic nature. For the first time in Russian history, there were worked out unified approaches to organizing primary health care. The expansion of trade relations of Russia with foreign countries has caused the need to gather information on the presence of epidemics abroad. With this goal, our diplomats, and the Russian merchants arriving from abroad were obliged to inform the border service of the spread of infectious diseases. The article proves both the level of the development of sanitary and quarantine cases in the XVIII century are not inferior to European. This was due, in particular, the fact that the service in the Russian Empire invited the best physicians from different European countries. Also by the end of the century, Russia has accumulated a unique experience in the sphere of health protection, hygiene, and quarantine. Special attention has been paid to the rules of trade in foodstuffs in the settlements. In the army and navy, there were legally established measures to comply with sanitary-hygienic and preventive requirements. A significant role in health education of the population in the Russian Empire played the Russian Orthodox Church
HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF ENDO- AND EXOGENIC METHODS OF PREVENTION OF CARIES AND THEIR EFFICIENCY IN THE REMINERALIZATION OF TEETH ENAMEL
Authors: Ippolitov Yuriy A. , Plotnikova Ya. A. , Seredin P. V. , Goloshchapov D. L. , Berkovich M. V.
Published: March 2019

According to the dental survey, the prevalence of caries in 33-45 years aged adults amounts to 98%. Studies of the effectiveness of prevention of tooth decay have shown the effectiveness of this direction. But the exogenous methods do not guarantee the restoration of the balance between the processes of demineralization and remineralization of the enamel. Demineralizing factors will prevail if the concentration of essential minerals in the mixed saliva is reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to develop endogenous techniques that will promote the process of remineralization of enamel and normalization of the ion-molecular balance. The aim of the study was to compare endogenous or exogenous methods in order to saturate mixed saliva with mineral complexes in preventing the development of primary demineralization of hard tooth tissue. Material and methods. The chemical composition of the mixed saliva sediment in 27 patients was analyzed by IR spectroscopy. To record the measurement of IR spectra, a Vertex-70 spectrometer (Bruker, Germany) and a PLATINUMATR full internal reflectance attachment with a diamond prism were used, as well as a clinical determination of the enamel remineralization rate (COSRE test) was performed. Results and Discussion. The relationship between the use of endogenous and exogenous methods of saturation of mixed saliva with mineral complexes and changes occurring in its molecular composition has been revealed, in favor of the effectiveness of endogenous methods.
PROPHYLAXIS OF SKIN DISEASES IN WORKERS OF THE PRODUCTION OF SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS
Authors: Yatsyna Irina V. , Moiseeva I. V. , Titova L. A. , Klepikov O. V. , Dobrynina E. A.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. The production of secondary precious metals is one of the most important and promising directions for the development of the metallurgical industry with its own specifics of technological processes and, accordingly, working conditions. The purpose of the research is to scientifically substantiate and develop a complex of hygienic and therapeutic and preventive measures to reduce the risk of skin diseases in workers of secondary precious metals. Material and methods. As an object of research, the workers of the enterprise JSC “Shchelkovsky plant of secondary precious metals” were chosen. To assess the occupational health risk, the main provisions of the “Methods of calculating individual occupational risk depending on working conditions and the state of worker’s health” were used. To assess the clinical effectiveness of the use of emollients in the prevention of chronic allergic dermatoses in workers, the patients were examined and the dermatological indices EASI (Eczema area and severity index), VAS (Visual analog scale), DLQI (Dermatology life quality index) were calculated. Results. The index of the individual occupational risk (IOR) for the main professions of refining precious metals amounts to from 0.56 to 0.79, which refers to a very high risk with the leading unfavorable chemical production factor - with a share contribution to the profile of occupational risk - from 20 to 25 %. The presence of dermatological diseases even with their course without permanent disability significantly affects the quality of life of workers, as evidenced by the high values of dermatological indices EASI from 16.3 to 53.3, DLQI - from 6.2 to 16.8, VAS - from 5.8 to 9.1 points before the start of the treatment. Discussion. The results obtained are in general consistent with the materials of earlier studies that skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases are related to the risk in the workers in the metallurgical industry. Conclusion. Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous fatty tissue in workers of secondary precious metals production are due to the significant value of the etiological share of production factors in their formation and are occupationally conditioned. The proposed complex of hygienic and medico-prophylactic measures, including the additional use of emollients to existing standards of treatment and prevention of allergic dermatoses in workers, provides a reduction in the risk of professionally caused skin diseases.
Implementasi Metode Profile Matching Terhadap Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Penerimaan Dana Zakat pada Badan Amil Zakat Pertamina (BAZMA)
Authors: Fadilah Evi
Published: March 2019

Abstrak–-Badan Amil Zakat Pertamina (BAZMA)  merupakan badan pengelola zakat saat ini secara aktif telah menerima dan menyalurkan zakat kepada mustahik. Masalah yang dihadapi saat ini adalah penentuan penerima dana zakat harus membandingkan hasil survey satu persatu sehingga didapat siapa yang paling berhak menerima dana zakat membuat penilaian subjektif. Agar petugas BAZMA tidak salah dalam penyaluran dana zakat maka dibutuhkan sistem pendukung keputusan dalam penentuan penerima dana zakat dimana pada sistem tersebut telah ditentukan penilaian berdasarkan aspek, kriteria-kriteria dan subkriteria. Karena standar yang menjadi tolak ukur telah ditentukan maka salah satu metode yang cocok dalam pembuatan sistem pendukung keputusan ini yaitu profile matching. Metode Profile Matching sebagai solusi alternative pilihan, dengan keakuratan hasil yang baik berupa perangkingan dan dapat mengurangi terjadinya penilaian secara subyektif. Sistem yang dibuat dapat mempermudah bagian administrasi dalam pengolahan data mustahik, membantu kepala koordinator dalam pengambilan keputusan dengan cara yang lebih cepat, keakuratan hasil yang baik dan dapat mengurangi penilaian secara subjektif dalam penentuan penerima dana zakat.
O trabalho pedagógico de professores no universo da educação infantil: a teoria crítica como possibilidade emancipatória do ensino
Authors: Nakata Natasha Yukari Schiavinato , Oliveira Marta Regina Furlan de
Published: March 2019

É por meio da experiência social que as crianças se tornam humanas e aprendem sobre si e sobre o mundo. É a partir das primeiras experiências que vivenciamos com pessoas significativas em nossas vidas que estaremos nos formando, criando significados e valores, construindo nossa autoimagem e autoidentidade, desenvolvendo, assim, nosso potencial cognitivo e, consequentemente, nos tornando sujeitos. Nessa perspectiva, esse artigo tem como objetivo principal refletir sobre o trabalho de professores na educação infantil, no sentido de buscar novas possibilidades de ações emancipatórias por parte desses profissionais em relação ao processo de aprendizagem e formação humanizadora das crianças. A pesquisa é de cunho bibliográfico à luz dos fundamentos da Teoria Crítica da Sociedade, principalmente com as contribuições de Adorno (1995) e Horkheimer (2002) e outras leituras secundárias. Como resultado, a criança precisa ser vista como um ser pensante, histórico, cultural, que transforma o mundo e por ele é transformada e, o professor, imbuído de uma sólida formação teórico-prática, precisa potencializar esse processo de saberes e aprendizagens infantis pelo viés da reflexão humanizadora do ensino. Como resultado, a educação infantil tem a responsabilidade e o compromisso com a formação e desenvolvimento de cada criança pelos saberes e conhecimentos historicamente construídos, de modo que o professor reconheça os espaços oportunos para realizar intervenções pedagógicas com a promoção da formação integral por meio de descobertas e experiências de aprendizagem desde a mais tenra idade.
Rumo à outra didática histórico-crítica: superando imediatismos, logicismos formais e outros reducionismos do método dialético
Authors: Marsiglia Ana Carolina Galvão , Martins Lígia Márcia , Lavoura Tiago Nicola
Published: March 2019

Este artigo parte da seguinte problemática: a questão do método pedagógico da pedagogia histórico-crítica e de seu fundamento pautado na lógica dialética, notadamente do movimento contraditório e de totalidade que vai da síncrese à síntese pela mediação da análise. Com o objetivo de contribuir para o enfrentamento coletivo de avançar rumo à construção e consolidação dos fundamentos didáticos desta teoria pedagógica, busca analisar alguns elementos presentes na proposta didática desenvolvida por Gasparin (2002), sobretudo no que se refere à apropriação do autor quanto ao método dialético e suas consequentes transposições didáticas. A análise procura evidenciar o equívoco presente na referida obra em termos do método dialético e do movimento de superação da síncrese à síntese pela mediação da análise, reduzindo o fundamento do método a uma aligeirada concepção de prática-teoria-prática, bem como, uma didatização do método à procedimento de ensino, o que tem gerado um conjunto de simplificações, esquematismos e formalização inadequada da didática histórico-crítica.
A Baker’s Dozen of Top Antimicrobial Stewardship Publications in 2016
Authors: Cluck David B. , Bland Christopher M. , Chahine Elias B. , Turner Michelle , Estrada Sandy , Gauthier Timothy , Faulkner-Fennell Carmen , Allen David , Tesh Lauren , Wrenn Rebekah , Al-Hasan Majdi , Bookstaver P. Brandon
Published: March 2019

Antimicrobial stewardship efforts are an emphasis among many institutions around the world to combat inappropriate antimicrobial utilization, rising healthcare costs and emerging antimicrobial resistance.  Implementation of new innovative strategies may be challenging for many institutions with limited or constrained resources. Using proven effective methods as evidenced by other institutions in the peer-reviewed literature may offer an opportunity to evaluate institution-specific practices, which may be implemented locally.  A structured examination and survey of the peer-reviewed, stewardship literature by an expert group of clinicians, scholars and educators determined the most influential publications from 2016. Herein, the top thirteen manuscripts are reviewed to aid clinicians identify potential stewardship opportunities and serve as an educational tool for trainees and others.
GC-MS Investigation of Volatiles from Honeybee Worker Larvae and Larval Food at Different Instars
Authors: Zhang Haohao , Hou Chunsheng , Liu Yongjun , Dai Pingli , Wu Yanyan , Pang Yonggang , Diao Qingyun
Published: March 2019

(E)-β-ocimene was the only found volatile chemical emitted by whole, live worker larvae of Apis mellifera L. by sampling in the vapor phase. While in addition to (E)-β-ocimene, there is evidence for the existence of other volatiles; but the changes of their composition and contents remain unknown during larval development, as are their differences from larvae to larval food. This is the main purpose of the study. We investigated volatile components of worker larvae and larval food using solid phase dynamic extraction (SPDE) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Nine compounds were identified with certainty and six tentatively, consisting of terpenoids, aldehydes, hydrocarbons, ester and ketone. The contents of volatiles of the second-instar worker larvae differ greatly from larvae of other stages mainly attributable to terpenoids, which made the second-instar worker larvae had significantly higher amounts of overall volatiles. Larval food contained significantly higher amounts of aldehydes and hydrocarbons than the corresponding larvae from the fourth to fifth-instar. We discovered volatiles in worker larvae and their food which were never reported before; we also mastered the change of these volatiles’ contents during larval development.
Klasifikasi Gender Berdasarkan Suara Menggunakan Support Vector Machine
Authors: Handoko Raditya Budi , Suyanto Suyanto
Published: March 2019

Klasifikasi gender berdasarkan suara mempengaruhi tingkat performansi dari identifikasi suara. oleh karena itu penelitian tugas akhir ini penulis membuat sistem klasifikasi gender berdasarkan suara. penelitian ini menggunakan dataset berupa rekaman suara sebanyak 2260 suara yang terbagi menjadi dua kelas yaitu "laki-laki" dan "perempuan". Untuk proses ekstrasi ciri digunakan Mel-Frequency Cepstral (MFCC) untuk menghasilkan vektor ciri dari sinyal suara. dalam proses klasifikasi digunakan metode Support Vector Machine (SVM). Hasil akurasi SVM tertinggi untuk klasifikasi gender berdasarkan suara dapat mencapai 100\% menggunakan kernel Polynomial dengan degree = 1.
Momentum Conservative Scheme for Simulating Wave Runup and Underwater Landslide
Authors: Adytia Didit
Published: March 2019

This paper focuses on the numerical modelling and simulation of tsunami waves triggered by an underwater landslide. The equation of motion for water waves is represented by the Nonlinear Shallow Water Equations (NSWE). Meanwhile, the motion of underwater landslide is modeled by incorporating a term for bottom motion into the NSWE. The model is solved numerically by using a finite volume method with a momentum conservative staggered grid scheme that is proposed by Stelling & Duinmeijer 2003 [12].  Here, we modify the scheme for the implementation of bottom motion. The accuracy of the implementation for representing wave runup and rundown is shown by performing the runup of harmonic wave as proposed by Carrier & Greenspan 1958 [2], and also solitary wave runup of Synolakis, 1986 [14], for both breaking and non-breaking cases. For the underwater landslide, result of the simulation is compared with simulation using the Boundary Integral Equation Model (BIEM) that is performed by Lynett and Liu, 2002 [9].
Implementasi untuk Meningkatkan Keamanan Jaringan Menggunakan Deep Packet Inspection pada Software Defined Networks
Authors: Harja Danaswara Prawira , Rakhmatsyah Andrian , Nugroho Muhammad Arief
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Today, Software Defined Network (SDN) has been globally recognized as a new technology for network architecture. But, there is still lack in security. Many studies use methods such as the Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) and Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to deal with social problems. But there is still a lack of security in terms of network performance. To solve the problem, can be used Deep Packet Inspection method (DPII) which make administrators can directly know what happens to traffic in real time. In this research, DPI will be implemented as security method and tested with Denial of Service (DoS) attack with Direct Attack. The results of testing on SDN networks that have been added DPI can perform packet detection such as IDS and blocking such as IPS with good performance time in overcoming attack.

Keywords: SDN, DPI, DoS attack, Direct Attack, performance
New Tech Accelerator Teams With Big Operators to Solve the Pilot Problem
Authors: Jacobs Trent
Published: March 2019

Proving out and then scaling up a new technology are among the most challenging feats in the oil and gas business—about as dicey as drilling a wildcat well of old. What could make this uphill climb much steeper? Finding that no one wants to even test your innovation.

The scenario is so common to the upstream sector that it has led to the creation of a new kind of venture capital fund based in Houston. Formally launched this year, Eunike Ventures is combining the roles of investor and technology accelerator with a third and unique prong: guaranteed pilot projects. Equinor, Anadarko, and Hess are the first oil companies to underwrite this experiment as corporate sponsors.

“[Startups] can get all the funding they want and still not get any pilots,” explained Amy Henry, adding that, “the issue is making that connection point with the operators.”

As chief executive officer and cofounder of Eunike, Henry sees the problem not just as an impediment to the growth of early-stage innovators but also the industry’s much-discussed quest to modernize itself through the adoption of new technologies.

The industry veteran has touched all the angles of technology uptake during her career, which was punctuated by roles inside Shell’s venture and unconventional units, along with a stint in Malaysia as the chief financial officer of Petronas’ unconventional business.

Upon starting Eunike, she realized that the solution to a more efficient technology evaluation and adoption process was rather simple: “You need to have operators have some skin the game.”

This is different than the current formula that many of the biggest oil and gas producers have subscribed to, which dates back to the late 1990s when many of them formed venture units. The snag these groups have historically dealt with is that their investments in a new technology do not always persuade frontline field managers to share the risk by deploying it, even at a small scale.

If it can be boiled down to one thing, then the bottleneck is really just about budgeting. 

“We understood the problem,” said Eunike’s other cofounder and chief operating officer, Thomas Henry, as he reflected on innovation projects he worked on over nearly 3 decades with Shell. “We couldn’t get our own assets to buy into some of the technologies that we developed—nobody was willing to fork up the money for field trials.”

Under this new scheme, the issue is circumvented by funding a startup only after at least one of the operators in the “alliance” commit to a paid pilot. This is the trigger for Eunike to make an investment in the startup.

Amy Henry said this underlines the fiduciary responsibility Eunike has to both the startup and the operators. It also reveals another aspect of the business, which is to help the operators accept the failure of a pilot despite how much they may want it to work out.

“We’re not eliminating, but we are reducing internal bias,” she said. “We’ve all worked in oil and gas companies and had special projects, and it is always hard to say that something is not going well.”
3D- vs. 4K-Display System - Influence of "State-of-the-art"-Display Technique On Surgical Performance (IDOSP-Study) in minimal invasive surgery: protocol for a randomized cross-over trial
Authors: Wahba Roger , Datta Rabi R , Hedergott Andrea , Bußhoff Jana , Bruns Thomas , Kleinert Robert , Dieplinger Georg , Fuchs Hans , Giezelt Caroline , Möller Desdemona , Hellmich Martin , Bruns Christiane J , Stippel Dirk L
Published: March 2019

Background
Three-dimensional (3D) stereoscopic vision is crucial to perform any kind of manual tasks. The reduction from real life 3D- to virtual two-dimensional (2D) sight is a major challenge in minimal invasive surgery (MIS). 3D-display technique has shown to reduce operation time, mistakes, and to improve the learning curve. Therefore it seems to optimize surgical performance for novice and experienced surgeons. Inspired by consumer electronics 4K-display technique was recently introduced to MIS. Due to its high resolution and zoom-effect surgeons should benefit from it. Aim of this study is to evaluate if “state-of-the-art” 3D- versus 4K- display techniques could influence surgical performance.

Methods
A randomized cross-over single-institution single-blinded trial is designed. It compares the primary outcome parameter “surgical performance”, represented by “performance time “ and “number of mistakes”, using a passive polarizing 3D- and a 4K-display system (2 arms) to perform different tasks in a minimal invasive/laparoscopic training parkour. Secondary outcome parameters are the mental stress load (NASA task load index) and the learning curve. Unexperienced novices (medical students), non-board certified and board-certified abdominal surgeons participate in the trial (i.e. level of experience, 3 strata). The parkour consists of 7 tasks (novices 5 tasks), which will be repeated 3 times. The 1st run of the parkour will be performed with the randomized display system, the 2nd run with the other one. After each run, the mental stress load is measured. After completion of the parkour, all participants are evaluated by an ophthalmologist for visual acuity and stereoscopic vision with five tests. Assuming a correlation of 0.5 between measurements per subject a sample-size of 36 per stratum is required to detect a standardized effect of 0.5 (including additional 5% for a non-parametric approach) with a power of 80% at two-sided type I error of 5%. Thus, altogether 108 subjects need to be enrolled.

Discussion
Complex surgical procedures are performed in minimal invasive/laparoscopic technique. This study should provide some evidence to decide which display technique a surgeon could choose to optimize his performance.

Trial Registration
This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (trial number: NCT 03445429, registered February 7, 2018, http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)
Evaluation of the effect of oral taurine supplementation on levels of fibroblast growth factors, β-Klotho co-receptor, some biochemical indices and body composition in obese women on a weight-loss diet: a study protocol for a double-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Haidari Fatemeh , Asadi Maryam , Mohammadi-asl Javad , Ahmadi-angali Kambiz
Published: March 2019

Background: according to studies, the function of FGFs are disturbed in obesity. So that, serum level of FGFs are correlated with insulin resistance and obesity. Besides the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on serum FGF21 concentrations, the effect of other nutrients on FGFs is not clear. Since obesity as an important health problem is rising in the world and on the other side, taurine (Tau) biosynthesis is reduced by adipose tissue-derived factors in obesity, the effects of Tau and a weight loss diet on obesity need to be investigated further. Methods: We will conduct a 2 month’s double-blind, parallel-group, randomized controlled clinical trial to investigate the effect of Tau supplementation on serum levels of fibroblast growth factors, β-Klotho co-receptor, some biochemical indices and body composition in obese women on a weight-loss diet. Discussion: we will determine the other advantages of a weight loss diet on metabolic risk factors. Moreover, for the first time, the effects of a weight loss diet along with Tau supplementation on these variables will be assessed.
A (randomized/prospective/pilot) study comparing the efficacy of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty versus brimonidine tartrate 0.2%/timolol maleate 0.5% (Combigan, Allergan inc. Irvine, CA/USA) in lowering intraocular pressure as adjunct therapy in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma.
Authors: McWherter Ian , Lanham Meredith , Peplinski Lee , Zagorianos Nikolaos , Steele Andrew , Slayden Keith , Sidle Meg Wright , McKay Fraser
Published: March 2019

Purpose: To compare the intraocular pressure lowering efficacy of selective laser trabeculoplasty to brimonidine tartrate 0.2%/timolol maleate 0.5% (FCBT, Combigan, Allergan inc. Irvine, CA/USA) in patients with uncontrolled primary open-angle glaucoma on a prostaglandin analog alone. A secondary outcome was to evaluate the complication rates of selective laser trabeculoplasty.
Patients and Methods: Twenty-three patients were randomized to two treatment groups within this prospective, observer-masked single site, all optometrist, pilot study. Group 1 (N=12) received 360 degrees of selective laser trabeculoplasty as additional treatment while Group 2 (N=11) was started on FCBT. Outcomes of both groups were measured at eight weeks.
Results: Both treatment regimens were found to be statistically significant in lowering IOP when used as adjunct therapy. The average IOP reduction for Group 1 and Group 2 was 28.43% (SD = .17) and 28.22% (SD = .12) respectively. The incidence of an intraocular pressure spike following SLT in this patient population was found to be 8.3%. No major complications were observed in this study.
Conclusion: Selective laser trabeculoplasty and brimonidine tartrate 0.2%/timolol maleate 0.5% (FCBT, Combigan, Allergan inc. Irvine, CA/USA) were shown to be equivalent in lowering intraocular pressure in uncontrolled primary open angle glaucoma patients when used as adjunct therapy for patients on a prostaglandin analog. Additionally, this is the first prospective study of optometrists performing selective laser trabeculoplasty. Although this study had a small sample size, the results appeared to show that efficacy and complication rates were comparable to previously published data; however, these results need to be confirmed with a larger multi-centered trial.
Bilateral horizontal gaze palsy in an 8-year-old girl; a rare case with NDUFS4 gene mutation: a case report and literature review
Authors: Vafaee-Shahi Mohammad , Ghasemi Saeide , Toosi Mehran Beiraghi , Ashrafi Mahmoud Reza , Badv Reza Shervin , Tavasoli Alireza , Tahernia Leila
Published: March 2019

Background: Leigh syndrome (LS) is a rare and inherited disease which is associated with progressive neurological disorders. The molecular underlying mechanism in LS is defined with some defects in mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes.
Case presentation: Here, an 8-year-old girl is reported with bilateral horizontal gaze palsy, ataxia and drowsiness. She developed unsteady gait, drowsiness, progressive ataxia and intention tremor during her admission period. The laboratory tests were reported within normal values including biochemical, hematological, immunological, infectious and inflammatory markers and blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated dorsal midbrain, bilateral putamen nuclei and cerebellar dentate nucleus involvement. Ocular examination revealed retinal atrophy and pale disk in both sides. These symptoms were in favor of a neurodegenerative disorder. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) revealed an elevated lactate peak in involved areas which suggested a mitochondrial disease. Finally, the molecular genetic test reported NDUFS4 gene mutation which confirmed the presence of Leigh syndrome. She responded significantly to mitochondrial treatment cocktail and clinical signs and symptoms improved gradually. NDFUS4 gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial complex I (NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase) that removes electrons from NADH and transfers them to the electron acceptor ubiquinone.
Conclusion: Our findings indicated that various symptoms and clinical features can be found in Leigh syndrome which could be probably due to different mutations in mitochondrial genes. Therefore, appropriate clinical and laboratory settings along with brain MRI, MRS and genetic test analysis would be necessary for the early diagnosis.
Intravenous fibrinolysis plus endovascular thrombectomy versus direct endovascular thrombectomy for anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke: clinical and infarct volume results.
Authors: Gamba Massimo , Gilberti Nicola , Premi Enrico , Costa Angelo , Frigerio Michele , Mardighian Dikran , Vergani Veronica , Spezi Raffaella , Delrio Ilenia , Morotti Andrea , Poli Loris , De Giuli Valeria , Caria Filomena , Pezzini Alessandro , Gasparotti Roberto , Padovani Alessandro , Magoni Mauro
Published: March 2019

Background and Purpose

endovascular therapy (ET) is the standard of care for anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke (AIS) caused by large vessel occlusion (LVO). The role of adjunctive intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in these patients is still unclear. The present study aims to test whether IVT plus ET (CoT, combined therapy) provides additional benefits over direct ET for anterior circulation AIS by LVO.

Methods

we performed a single center retrospective observational study of patients with AIS caused by anterior circulation LVO, referred to our center between January 2014 and January 2017 and treated with ET. The patients were divided in 2 groups based on the treatment they received: CoT and, if IVT contraindicated, direct ET. We compared functional recovery (modified Rankin at 3-months follow-up), recanalization rate (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction [TICI] score) and time, early follow-up infarct volume (EFIV) (for recanalized patients only) as well as safety profile, defined as symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) and 3-month mortality, between groups.

Results

145 subjects were included in the study, 70 in direct ET group and 75 in CoT group. Patients who received CoT presented more frequently a functional independence at 3-months follow-up compared to patients who received direct ET (mRS score 0-1: 48.5% vs 18.6%; P<0.001. mRS score 0-2: 67.1% vs 37.3%; P<0.001), higher first-pass success rate (62.7% vs 38.6%, P<0.05), higher recanalization rate (84.3% vs 65.3%; P=0.009) and, in recanalized subjects, smaller EFIV (16.4ml vs 62.3ml; P=0.003). The safety profile was similar for the 2 groups. In multivariable regression analysis, low baseline NIHSS score (P<0.05), vessel recanalization (P=0.05) and CoT (P=0.03) were indipendent predictors of 3-month favorable outcome.

Conclusions

CoT appears more effective than ET alone for anterior circulation AIS with LVO, with similar safety profile.
Finding Sarcocystis spp. on the Tioman Island: 28S rRNA gene next-generation sequencing reveals nine new Sarcocystis species
Authors: Lee Florence C. H.
Published: March 2019

The Tioman Island of Malaysia experienced acute muscular sarcocystosis outbreaks from 2011 to 2014. So far, a previous study based on the 18S rRNA gene sequencing has reported S. singaporensis, S. nesbitti and Sarcocystis sp. YLL-2013 in water samples acquired from the island, thus confirming the waterborne nature of this emerging parasitic disease. This study aimed to improve the detection methods for Sarcocystis, in order to have a clearer picture of the true diversity of Sarcocystis species in Tioman. A new primer set (28S R7F–28S R8 Deg R) was designed to amplify the 28S rRNA gene of Sarcocystis. Subsequently, Sarcocystidae was detected in 65.6% (21/32) of water samples and 28% (7/25) of soil samples acquired between 2014 and 2015 from Tioman. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) on 18 of the positive samples was then performed using amplicons generated from the same primer set. This yielded 53 potentially unique Sarcocystidae sequences (290 bp), of which nine of the most abundant, prevalent and unique sequences were named herein. In contrast, NGS of the 18S rRNA gene V9 hypervariable region of 10 selected samples detected only two Sarcocystis species (160 bp). S. mantioni was the most ubiquitous sequence found in this study.
The efficiency of UV/S2O82− photo-oxidation process in the presence of Al2O3 for the removal of dexamethasone from aqueous solution: kinetic studies
Authors: Shookohi Reza , Faraji Hossein , Arabkohsar Abolfazl , Salari Mehdi , Mahmoudi Mohammad Molla
Published: March 2019

This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of the UV/S2O82− photocatalytic process in the presence of Al2O3 nanoparticles for the removal of dexamethasone from aqueous solution. In this experimental study, the variables pH, persulfate concentration, initial concentration of dexamethasone, the catalyst dose were studied in order to investigate the process efficiency. Furthermore, the efficiency of UV/S2O82− in the presence and absence of catalyst was investigated. The Al2O3 nanoparticle catalyst was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image. The results showed that a decrease in pH and the initial concentration of dexamethasone increased the process efficiency. Given the increased concentrations of the persulfate and Al2O3, the removal efficiency was partially increased. In UV/S2O82−/Al2O3 under optimum conditions (pH = 3, t = 30 minutes, dexamethasone concentration = 20 mg/L, 0.5 mM of persulfate, and UV radiation = 55 watts), 94% of the dexamethasone was removed. The kinetic response showed that the reaction data corresponded to the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The results showed that the UV/S2O82− photochemical process can efficiently remove dexamethasone from aqueous solution in the presence of Al2O3 catalyst and the mineralization efficiency reached about 98%. Therefore, this process is recommended due to its high efficiency and availability for the removal of pharmaceutical compounds.
Pharmacotherapy for Choroidal Neovascularization Due to Uncommon Causes
Authors: Ho Christine P.S. , Lai Timothy Y.Y.
Published: March 2019

Background:

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in adults is most commonly associated with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and pathologic myopia. Though less common, CNV can also develop from other conditions such as uveitis, central serous chorioretinopathy, angioid streaks, intraocular tumors, hereditary chorioretinal dystrophies, or can be idiopathic in origin. If left untreated, CNV may cause visual loss because of exudation of intraretinal or subretinal fluid, retinal or subretinal hemorrhage, or fibrosis involving the macula. It is well known that one of the main drivers of angiogenesis in CNV development is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and therefore inhibitors of VEGF might be an effective treatment for CNV.

Methods:

The goal of this review is to provide an overview and summary in the use of pharmacotherapy especially anti-VEGF therapy, in the treatment of CNV due to uncommon causes.

Results:

Results from uncontrolled case series and controlled clinical trials have reported good efficacy and safety in using anti-VEGF agents including bevacizumab, ranibizumab, aflibercept and ziv-aflibercept in the treatment of CNV due to uncommon causes. Anti-VEGF has also been used in combination with verteporfin PDT and anti-inflammatory agents for treating CNV of various causes.

Conclusion:

Pharmacotherapy with anti-VEGF agents is an effective treatment option for CNV due to uncommon etiologies.
Pharmaceutical Product Development Exploiting 3D Printing Technology: Conventional to Novel Drug Delivery System
Authors: Alam Md. Shoaib , Akhtar Ayesha , Ahsan Iftikhar , Shafiq-un-Nabi Sheikh
Published: March 2019

Background:

3D printed pharmaceutical products are revolutionizing the pharmaceutical industry as a
prospective mean to achieve a personalized method of treatments acquired to the specially designed need of each
patient. It will depend upon age, weight, concomitants, pharmacogenetics and pharmacokinetic profile of the
patient and thus transforming the current pharmaceutical market as a potential alternative to conventional medicine.
3D printing technology is getting more consideration in new medicine formulation development as a modern
and better alternative to control many challenges associated with conventional medicinal products. There are
many advantages of 3D printed medicines which create tremendous opportunities for improving the acceptance,
accuracy and effectiveness of these medicines. In 2015, United State Food and Drug Administration has approved
the first 3D printed tablet (Spritam®) and had shown the emerging importance of this technology.

Methods:

This review article summarizes as how in-depth knowledge of drugs and their manufacturing processes
can assist to manage different strategies for various 3D printing methods. The principal goal of this review is to
provide a brief introduction about the present techniques employed in tech -medicine evolution from conventional
to a novel drug delivery system.

Results:

It is evidenced that through its unparalleled advantages of high-throughput, versatility, automation, precise
spatial control and fabrication of hierarchical structures, the implementation of 3D printing for the expansion
and delivery of controlled drugs acts as a pivotal role.

Conclusion:

3D printing technology has an extraordinary ability to provide elasticity in the manufacturing
and designing of composite products that can be utilized in programmable and personalized medicine. Personalized
medicine helps in improving drug safety and minimizes side effects such as toxicity to individual human
being which is associated with unsuitable drug dose.
OKUL YÖNETİCİLERİNİN TEKNOLOJİ LİDERLİĞİ DAVRANIŞLARININ İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Ölez Duygu , Kılıçoğlu Derya
Published: March 2019

Bu araştırmanın amacı, okul yöneticilerinin eğitim
teknolojilerinin sağlanması ve kullanılması sürecinde teknoloji liderliği
davranışlarını belirlemektir. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını 2017-2018 eğitim
öğretim yılında İstanbul İli Beylikdüzü İlçesinde görev yapan 19 okul müdürü,
müdür başyardımcısı ve müdür yardımcılarından oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışma nitel bir araştırma olup nitel
araştırma tekniklerinden yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılarak yürütülmüştür.
Bu teknikte, önceden sorulması düşünülen
sorular görüşme formunda belirtilmiş, diğerleri ise görüşmeler esnasında
katılımcılara sorulmuştur. Görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler içerik analizi ile
çözümlenmiş ve yorumlanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda okul yöneticilerinin eğitim
teknolojileri ile ilgili stratejik hedefleri planlama, eğitim ve yönetim
ortamlarına teknolojiyi entegre etme, eğitim teknolojilerinin kullanımında
öğretmenlerin mesleki gelişimlerini sağlama, onları teşvik etme ve gerekli
desteği sağlama, söz konusu teknolojilerin kullanılması sürecinde mükemmelliğin
sağlanması adına teknolojileri güncellerken veya alırken işbirliği yapma,
okulun ihtiyaçlarını gözetme ve kaynak oluşturma rollerini gerçekleştirmeye
çalıştıkları tespit edilmiştir.