bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the differences and Countermeasures of Sino U.S. economic and trade negotiations
Authors: Liu Tianfu
Published: November 2021

In the modern business environment of the highly globalized economy, the frequency of Chinese and American businessmen meeting in bargaining of various scales has greatly increased. There are huge differences between China and the United States in business negotiations alone. These differences are partly due to cultural factors left over by history and partly based on their respective development history. We can not simply divide differences into good or bad, but can only be called whether they fit with another negotiation style. Our main focus is to find the most consistent point between the two countries in business negotiations and expand it. However, it is extremely difficult for an individual or a country to change its inherent habits. Therefore, as an objective analyst, the outsiders cannot criticize excessively, finding the most effective way to conclude the negotiation peacefully. The win-win situation for the two influential powers means that the two countries can jointly create more opportunities in the political and economic fields in the future. Consistently, no matter what means are used, they must be carried out on the premise of equality.
Research on Profitability analysis and optimization strategy under the economic business model of Internet celebrity
Authors: Lin Jiaying , Xu Nuo , Zhang Yaxian
Published: November 2021

As Covid-19 occurs, thousands of physical stores go bankrupt while the online economy shows an upward profit trend. The online economy is becoming more and more popular these years. We use some secondary data to find out the most common problems about online celebrities and online shopping. The data mainly discuss the online shopping pattern, how online stars profit, and some issues that we ignore online. The secondary data online helps us find the target of our research and shows the common topic that professors are interested in. Since we usually shop online and people around us like to be influenced by online celebrities. For example, their words and things they recommend, to some extent their deed affect lots of people. Then the information that we find out the target customer of the online economy is the college students who may have some unwise shopping habit, which pushes the online economy to develop further. These consumers, online celebrities, and the government set up a reasonable way of purchasing and regulating themselves. Online celebrities’ behavior can be better. This paper tells online stars ways to change their shopping pattern. Be honest, and recommend products they used before selling. The government needs to educate customers to buy things they need not being attracted by online celebrities’ words. Government can send people to work online to manage online celebrities’ behavior and tell customers authentic products. To make the online platform or the online shopping environment clean and safe.
The Development of E-commerce in the Context of COVID-19
Authors: Chen Hongjie , Liu Ruilin , Wang Bangni , Xia Yishi
Published: November 2021

With the outbreak of COVID-19, the national economy has been depressed because people cannot produce and assume goods normally. Thus, offline shopping become a problem in daily life. People have to adapt to the new social environment to make a living. Apparently, E-commerce is the most important result of economic development brought by the experiences of the business method during this pandemic. This paper introduces and uses the SWOT analysis method to list the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of E-commerce. There’s a case study of one of the most popular E-commerce companies in China, JingDong, in order to illustrate the strength of selling products online during COVID-19. This paper mainly focuses on the E-commerce development in China during the pandemic, and the research result shows that the platform business model, specifically the E-commerce, is the best choice for developing enterprises during the pandemic. How the business should choose for their progress can be found in this paper as well. Although E-commerce might have vices in some parts, due to the high profits brought to the enterprises by E-commerce, more people may still be willing to engage in the operation of E-commerce, and expand the team of Chinese E-commerce, thus promote economic prosperity as soon as possible.
Teaching Reform of Environmental Impact Assessment Course Focusing on Practical Ability Training
Authors: Wang Haixia , Zhang Mingliang
Published: November 2021

The environmental impact assessment course is a comprehensive and practical course for environmental science and engineering major. Environmental impact assessment is also an important employment direction for environmental science and engineering students after graduation. Continuous research on the teaching reform of this course is necessary for cultivating talents with strong creativity and practical ability. Based on the analysis of the current situation of the course teaching, it is proposed to update content of course, appropriately increase class hours, highlight the case-based practice teaching, clarify the teaching goals, highlight the direction of employment (environmental impact assessment engineers), focus on cultivating application and innovation capabilities, reform achievement assessment methods and other corresponding measures and solutions.
Exploration of the Scientific Research Ability Cultivation of Major Basic Course Teachers in Military Science and Technology Universities
Authors: Cui Jingna , Pan Jian , Gao Xinwei , Zhang Luya , Wu Shasha
Published: November 2021

Scientific research is an important function of modern colleges and universities, for teachers who undertake major basic courses, they has undertaken basic teaching for a long time, their scientific research development has been constrained, which are mainly expressed in the following aspects: weak scientific research consciousness, weak scientific research ability, weak scientific research atmosphere, and insufficient scientific research impetus, so it is very necessary to improve their scientific research ability. On the basis of this current situation, this paper proposes to build "strengthen awareness-rational position-training platform-evaluation mechanism" four-in-one ability cultivation system.
Research on the Current Situation and Problems of Intergenerational Family Education
Authors: Li Yongyi
Published: November 2021

Intergenerational education has become a relatively common social phenomenon in today's society. Family education has an important impact on the physical and mental health of children, so this article will study this phenomenon and put forward relevant suggestions and solutions from four aspects: parents, grandparents, government, and schools.
Education during the Enlightenment: Public Education and Social Reform
Authors: Chen Xingyu , Xia Junyan , Xie Yimeng
Published: November 2021

The Enlightenment shaped and transformed European society in many ways. This paper illustrates how thinkers like Martin Luther and Jean Jacques Rousseau proposed their thoughts on education, which then played an important role in the educational reform of Prussia and France respectively. It further analyzes how geographical and cultural differences led to distinctively different education systems and goals.
Ideological and Political Design and Practice of Hydrology and Water Resources Curriculum based on Blending Learning
Authors: Wang Jinfeng , Dai Wen
Published: November 2021

Curriculum ideological and political is a breakthrough and new starting point for the establishment of morality in colleges and universities, and is an effective way to train socialist builders and successors. We mainly take the geographical science professional course "Hydrology and Water Resources" as an example, starting with the curriculum ideological and political design concept, design ideas, teaching implementation and effects, and discussing the strategy of developing curriculum ideological and political under the online and offline mixed teaching mode, and It analyzes the methods in detail and methods of integrating political identity, professional ethics, professional literacy, scientific exploration spirit, dialectical thinking, scientific and cultural literacy, environmental protection awareness and other ideological and political elements before, during and after class, and implements the goal of training geography teachers to achieve the purpose of educating people for the party and educating talents for the country. Through a questionnaire survey of the 2019 students of geographic science class, the result shows that the ideological and political design and practice of hydrology and water resources courses based on the online and offline hybrid teaching of Chaoxing Xuetong have been highly praised by the students.
Teaching Innovation and Practice of Communication Principle Course
Authors: Wei Changzhi , Jiang Xiaoqing , Zhao Yue , Wang Lingyin , Su Qing
Published: November 2021

Communication principle course is the core basic professional course of communication engineering major. It is theoretical and practical very much. Because boring and difficult to learn, it is easy to become a "bird course". By reshaping the course content with the main line of "system" and "connection", the Trinity course education scheme is established, including the professional knowledge based on connection view, multi-dimensional practical exercise, and quality improving integrated with ideological and political education in courses. The results of feedback survey show that the reformed teaching of communication principle course has achieved good effect.
Research on the Effectiveness of Ideology Education for College Students based on Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education
Authors: Pan Fenggang , Yi Rong
Published: November 2021

With the transformation of the essence of higher education from exam-oriented education to quality-oriented education, the traditional concept of ideology education and teaching can no longer meet the actual needs of college students. However, there are still obvious deficiencies in this research in academic circles, which makes the employment pressure faced by college graduates more and more serious. Cultivating students' ability of double innovation is conducive to improving students' comprehensive ability and quality, and it is the main task of higher education at present. In view of the fact that college students' Innovation ability training. and ideology teaching have many commonalities in terms of target content, form, time and space, integrating innovation and entrepreneurship education into ideology teaching in universities will help solve many difficult problems in innovation and entrepreneurship education and ideology teaching. By mastering the entrepreneurship theory and applying it in practice, college students can achieve better results. This paper makes a brief analysis of the ideological education reform mode in universities based on the concept of entrepreneurship education.
Research on Teaching Reform of Medical Cosmetology Practice in Higher Vocational Education based on Professional Ability Training
Authors: Song Siqing , Zhou Wei
Published: November 2021

The main task of higher vocational colleges is to train application-oriented skilled professionals for local and community economic construction and social development. Practical teaching is an indispensable part of higher vocational teaching system, and it is the most important way and means to cultivate professional quality and professional ability. It plays an important role in the education and teaching process of training high-quality technical skilled talents. According to the training objectives and employment market investigation and analysis, we believe that the professional ability should be the core in the training of medical beauty technology professionals in higher vocational colleges, and traditional teaching should be reformed, practical teaching should be emphasized, and a set of practical teaching mode should be explored. Under the condition of social market economy, it requires workers not only to have excellent technical skills, but also to have strong psychological quality, ideological quality, physical quality, aesthetic quality and role quality. This paper analyzes and summarizes the contents and implementation strategies of practical teaching of medical beauty technology specialty, in order to improve the teaching level of medical beauty technology specialty.
Path Exploration of Integrating Ideological and Political Elements into the Teaching of “Biomass Power Generation Engineering”
Authors: Wu Nan , Jin Dengchao , Liu Xinyuan , Peng Jinxing , Wang Li
Published: November 2021

Curriculum ideological and political education is not only an important way for the education reform in colleges and universities, but also the internal requirement for the fundamental task of building morality and cultivating students. Biomass power generation engineering is an essential and featured professional course of new energy science and engineering major. Taking the course teaching of "biomass power generation engineering" as an example, this study analyzed the necessity of carrying out the ideological and political education, and explored the top-level design scheme of the curriculum ideological and political education and the trinity educational objectives. Meanwhile, the ways of mutual integration of ideological and political elements and professional knowledge points were discussed, and the curriculum teaching reform and practical exploration were carried out, so that the ideological and political education could run throughout the whole process of course learning. The purpose is to provide reference for the ideological and political teaching of science and engineering courses.
Teaching Design of "Properties of Sodium" based on the Core Literacy of Chemistry
Authors: Sun Chengqi
Published: November 2021

The learning of sodium and its chemical compounds are the beginning of systematic learning of elemental compounds in senior high school, and have a vital influence on senior high school chemistry learning. This paper is about the teaching design of the first class --the properties of sodium. Based on the five core qualities of chemistry, it adopts the method of situational teaching, gives prominence to the connection and transition among knowledge points, and sets up multiple experiments and group discussions to guide students to construct and form their thinking pattern in chemistry and scientific thinking methods.
The Characteristics, Structural Level and Construction Path of Collaborative Ecosystem of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in Universities
Authors: Zheng Chuanjuan , Zhang Mengru , Xiao Debin
Published: November 2021

Mass entrepreneurship and innovation education in colleges and universities is a systematic project promoted as a whole, which pays attention to the cooperation between different participants and the coupling between top-level design and landing implementation, showing a horizontal and vertical intertwined ecological relationship. Constructing the collaborative ecosystem of innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities is an important topic to promote the comprehensive reform of colleges and universities, a key way to stimulate the innovation and entrepreneurship vitality of the whole society, and the only way to implement the strategy of "strengthening the country through innovation". The research shows that the collaborative ecosystem of innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities has the characteristics of the openness of the system boundary, the non-equilibrium of the system state, the nonlinearity of the system dynamics and the fluctuation of the system movement, and includes subject collaboration level, system collaboration level and environmental collaboration level. In terms of the construction path, the research further believes that the construction path of the collaborative ecosystem of innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities includes three aspects: establishing the system structure, releasing the system power and ensuring the development of the system. Among them, the establishment of the system structure is the premise and the release of the system power is fundamental.
Research on the Mechanism Innovation Ability Model of Higher Vocational Students’ Entrepreneurship Education in the Big Data Era
Authors: Wang Shengsheng
Published: November 2021

Cultivating innovation ability is an important task faced by higher vocational educators. The level of innovation ability reflects the degree of self-improvement, self-regulation, and self-realization of higher vocational students. It promotes scientific education and plays a guiding role in cultivating innovative talents. Based on the background of the era of big data, the thesis builds an index system for higher vocational students' entrepreneurial education ability, and is committed to establishing a scientific evaluation system. This provides theoretical basis and practical guidance for educators.
Potential Evaluation of Forest Road Trench Failure in a Mountainous Forest, Northern Iran
Authors: Jalali Aghil Moradmand , Naghdi Ramin , Ghajar Ismael
Published: November 2021

After road construction in steep and mountainous areas, there is always a risk for trench failure. Estimation of this probability before forest road design and construction is urgent. Besides, to decrease failures costs and risks, it is necessary to classify their occurrence probabilities and identify the factors affecting them. The present study compares three statistical models of logistic regression, frequency ratio, and maximum entropy. The robust one was applied to generate trench failures susceptibility map of forest roads of two watersheds in Northern Iran. Also, all failures repairing costs were estimated, and subsequently, all existing roads were surveyed in the study area, detecting 844 failures. Among the recorded failures, 591 random cases (70%) were used in modeling, and others (30%) were used as validation data. The digital layers, including failure locations, were prepared. Three failure susceptibility maps were simulated using the outputs of the mentioned methods in the GIS environment. The resulted maps combined with repair cost prices were analyzed to statistically evaluate the repair cost unit per meter of forest road and per square meter of failure. The results showed that the logistic regression model had an Area Under Curve (AUC) of 74.6% in identifying failure-sensitive areas. The probabilistic frequency ratio and Entropy models showed 68.2 and 65.5% accuracy, respectively. Based on the logistic regression model, the distance to faults and terrain slope factors had the highest effects on forest road trenches failures. According to the result, about 43.25% of the existing road network is located in »high« and »very high« risky areas. The estimated cost of regulating and profiling trenches and ditches along the existing roads was approximately 108,772 $/km.
Determining Harvester Productivity Curves of Thinning Operations in Birch Stands of Central Europe
Authors: Rosińska Martyna , Bembenek Mariusz , Picchio Rodolfo , Karazzewski Zbigniew , Đuka Andreja , Mederski Piotr S.
Published: November 2021

Silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) is a popular tree species forming stands in nearly the whole of Europe. In Poland, birch is one of the most representative broadleaved species growing on rather poor soils, very often as a mix species with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). In Central Europe, birch forms trunk often with sweeps, and at the older age with thick branches. Due to that, a harvester thinning operation in birch stands can be challengeable when trying to process logs from the top part of trees, which can finally impact on productivity. The objective of this research was to determine harvester productivity for birch with particular attention to production of logs from the top part of a tree. The research was carried out in stands of North and North-West Poland. All together 21 tests were completed in 16 stands, in which 9 harvesters were used (8 different models). The mean diameter of harvested trees was 23.7 cm with the mean height of 21.7 m. Obtained productivity without delays was on average 21.98 m3 h-1 and varied from as low as 5.14 to maximum 44.66 m3 h-1, and depended mainly on harvested tree size. It was also confirmed that top diameter of the last log depended on diameter at breast height (DBH). The model developed based on that relationship can be used for prediction of biomass volume from birch stands when harvesters are used for thinning.
Morphological Features of Fruits and Seeds of Some Species of the Genus Crataegus L. of the Flora of Ukraine
Authors: Dvirna Tetiana , Futorna Oksana , Minarchenko Valentyna , Tymchenko Iryna
Published: November 2021

The genus
Crataegus
L. is one of the largest species in the family Rosaceae Juss. The fruits are used as medicinal raw materials (
Crataegus fructus
), as they contain a set of biologically active compounds. The genus is voluminous and taxonomically problematic due to significant variability, hybridization, apomixis, and polyploidy. As a result, it is difficult to determine the species of the genus. Species of the genus have a number of diagnostic features, one of which is a distinct fruit with seeds. The aim of our study was to identify and compare the diagnostic features of the fruits of seven species of the genus
Crataegus
flora of Ukraine, which are most often used as medicinal raw materials and are the most common in Ukraine –
Crataegus laevigata
,
C. monogyna
,
C. pentagyna
,
C. pseudokyrtostyla
,
C. sanguinea
,
C. fallacina
, and
C. rhipidophylla
. The study was performed using scanning and digital microscopy, and descriptions were made by standard methods. As a result, we identified features that clearly distinguished the studied species from each other. We identified mature fruits that contain only one pyrene (
C. monogyna
,
C. pseudokyrtostyla
,
C. fallacina
, and
C. rhipidophylla
), and several pyrenes (
C. laevigata
,
C. pentagyna
, and
C. sanguinea
) among the studied species of the genus. The studied species are characterized by spherical and ellipsoidal fruits. The predominant color is fulvous/brown with different shades, but almost-black fruits of the species
C. pentagyna
are well distinguished. Fruits of all studied species of the genus are fleshy, except
C. sanguinea
, which is floury. The species is characterized mainly by yellow flesh fruits, except
C. pentagyna
, which has ribbed fruits. The fruits of
C. monogyna
plants differ from those of other studied species by the spinous-tuberous surface relief. Pyrenes of triangular shape are observed only in
C. pentagyna
. We suggest that these features can be used as additional diagnostic tools to determine the species of the genus
Crataegus
flora in Ukraine.
Der ṭarab der Sängersklavinnen
Authors: Gökpinar Yasemin
Published: November 2021

In "Der ṭarab der Sängersklavinnen", Yasemin Gökpınar presents a text critical edition of the three known manuscripts of the 10th chapter of Ibn Faḍlallāh al-ʿUmarī’s (died 749/1349) "Masālik al-abṣār fī mamālik al-amṣār". In this monograph, she provides an unprecedented commented German translation of this important source on female singer slaves and their song repertoire in the context of Muslim court culture from the Abbasids to the Mamluks.
The scientific interests of Dr. phil. Yasemin Gökpinar, Ruhr-University Bochum, and Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, include Arabic music theory and history of sciences, their Greek sources, Arabic manuscript culture, text edition, Arabic-Islamic music culture and literature.
COVID-19, chronic conditions and structural poverty: A social psychological assessment of the needs of a marginalized community in Accra, Ghana
Authors: de-Graft Aikins Ama , Sanuade Olutobi , Baatiema Leonard , Asante Paapa Yaw , Agyei Francis , Asah-Ayeh Vida , Okai Jemima A. O. , Osei-Tutu Annabella , Koram Kwadwo
Published: November 2021

In the African region COVID-19 infection and death rates are increasing (writing in May 2020), most deaths have occurred among individuals with chronic conditions, and poor communities face higher risks of infection and socio-economic insecurities. We assessed the psychosocial needs of a chronic illness support group in Accra, Ghana, within the context of their broader community. The community lives in structural poverty and has a complex burden of infectious and chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Between March and May 2020, we conducted interviews, group discussions, and surveys, with members of the support group and their caregivers, frontline healthcare workers, and religious and community leaders. Data was analysed through the social psychology of participation framework. Community members understood COVID-19 as a new public health threat and drew on eclectic sources of information to make sense of this. Members of the support group had psychosocial and material needs: they were anxious about infection risk as well as money, food and access to NCD treatment. Some community members received government food packages during the lockdown period. This support ended after lockdown in April and while anti-poverty COVID policies have been unveiled they have yet to be implemented. We discuss the impact of these representational, relational and power dynamics on the community’s access to COVID-19 and NCD support. We argue that strategies to address immediate and post-COVID needs of vulnerable communities have to focus on the politics and practicalities of implementing existing rights-based policies that intersect health, poverty reduction and social protection.
Occupational health network: study of the nurses' work process
Authors: Silveira da Rosa Liane , Cardoso Leticia Silveira , Costa Valdecir Zavarese da , Regina Cezar-Vaz Marta
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Nurses, professionals recognized in the health field for their competence to care, are part of the multiprofessional team of the occupational health network. Therefore, they are inserted in the Reference Centers in Occupational Health, in medium and high complexity services and in the managerial scope of this health area. Objective: To establish the relationship between the elements of the nurses' work process in the occupational health network. Methods: Field research carried out with 43 nurses who work in the occupational health network in the Western Border, Macro South and Central regions of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Results: The qualitative technique and the IRAMUTEQ software were used. The analysis of the data allowed to identify that the nurses' work process develops based on the guidelines of the public health policies of the employee. In addition, it was possible to identify that the elements of the work process of these professionals are directly related and organized to meet the workers' needs. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the relevance of the workforce of professional nurses in the occupational health network. Its performance permeates the field of care, health promotion and prevention of accidents at work and occupational diseases and has respective purposes.
Preterm premature rupture of membranes: management between 28 and 34 weeks of pregnancy
Authors: Cason Isabela , Rocha Chayene Aguiar , Goldman Rosely Erlach
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Premature rupture of membranes remains a challenge for professionals due to the high rates of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, mainly related to complications resulting from prematurity. Objective: To analyze the scientific production about premature rupture of membranes in pregnancies above 28 weeks and below 34 weeks. Methods: Integrative literature review carried out in the Lilacs, SciELO, Medline and Cochrane Library databases, between 2014 and 2018, in Portuguese, English and Spanish, including original articles, available in full online, with free access, that addressed the study theme, using the keywords "premature rupture of ovular membranes", "premature labor" and "pregnancy complications" combined using the Boolean operators "AND" and "OR". Results: Fourteen studies were included. It was possible to highlight the main recommendations regarding preterm premature rupture of membranes, divided into six categories for discussion, namely: indications for expectant management and delivery induction, prophylactic antibiotic therapy, prenatal corticosteroids, use of tocolytics, recommendations regarding the use of magnesium sulfate and amniocentesis. Conclusion: It was identified that expectant management is the ideal approach, with constant monitoring of the pregnant woman and the fetus, in addition to the administration of prophylactic antibiotics and prenatal corticosteroids, in the face of premature rupture of membranes in pregnancies between 28 and 34 weeks in order to provide the best maternal and perinatal results, guiding health professionals to evidence-based practice.
Main aspects and prophylatic measures of COVID-19 in Brazil
Authors: Fernandes Iranildo do Amarante , Castro Isabela Madeira de , Andrade Jhulya Zanfolin , Turozi Nathália Rebolho , Rosa Rafael da Silva , Oliveira Victor Hugo Garcia de , Úbida Suelen Navas , Keller Rogéria , Winkelstroter Lizziane Kretli , Pereira Valéria Cataneli
Published: November 2021

From the first case of COVID-19 in Brazil, the country became the third in the world in number of cases and deaths. Despite the measures implemented by the government, the number of infected and killed by COVID-19 continues to increase and the country faces several other problems that include social and political aspects, making it difficult to contain the pandemic. The present study aimed to address the general characteristics of SARS-Cov-2, as well as to point out the main socio-epidemiological aspects in Brazil, and the treatment of COVID 19. A literature review was carried out to search for articles in PubMed, Scielo and Google databases. Scholar until October 6, 2020. Patients with COVID-19 may be asymptomatic, but among symptomatic patients the severity of the disease is related to age and pre-existing medical conditions. The lungs are the organs most affected by the virus and, for this reason, respiratory manifestations such as cough, shortness of breath, sputum production, sore throat and nasal congestion are the symptoms most associated with COVID-19 The transmission of SARS-COV-2 between humans occur mainly through respiratory droplets, but they can also occur through contact with contaminated surfaces. Vaccine tests were carried out approved by the World Health Organization (WHO). Brazil stands out in second world position, with five approved vaccines, Pfizer-BioNTech, Oxford-AstraZeneca, /CoronaVac (Sinovac), Janssen /Covishiel
A naturalistic environment to study visual cognition in unrestrained monkeys
Authors: Jacob Georgin , Katti Harish , Cherian Thomas , Das Jhilik , Zhivago KA , Arun SP
Published: November 2021

Macaque monkeys are widely used to study vision. In the traditional approach, monkeys are brought into a lab to perform visual tasks while they are restrained to obtain stable eye tracking and neural recordings. Here, we describe a novel environment to study visual cognition in a more natural setting as well as other natural and social behaviors. We designed a naturalistic environment with an integrated touchscreen workstation that enables high-quality eye tracking in unrestrained monkeys. We used this environment to train monkeys on a challenging same-different task. We also show that this environment can reveal interesting novel social behaviors. As proof of concept, we show that two naive monkeys were able to learn this complex task through a combination of socially observing trained monkeys and solo trial-and-error. We propose that such naturalistic environments can be used to rigorously study visual cognition as well as other natural and social behaviors in freely moving monkeys.
Metabolomic profiling reveals a differential role for hippocampal glutathione reductase in infantile memory formation
Authors: Bessières Benjamin , Cruz Emmanuel , Alberini Cristina M
Published: November 2021

The metabolic mechanisms underlying the formation of early-life episodic memories remain poorly characterized. Here, we assessed the metabolomic profile of the rat hippocampus at different developmental ages both at baseline and following episodic learning. We report that the hippocampal metabolome significantly changes over developmental ages and that learning regulates differential arrays of metabolites according to age. The infant hippocampus had the largest number of significant changes following learning, with downregulation of 54 metabolites. Of those, a large proportion was associated with the glutathione-mediated cellular defenses against oxidative stress. Further biochemical, molecular, and behavioral assessments revealed that infantile learning evokes a rapid and persistent increase in the activity of neuronal glutathione reductase, the enzyme that regenerates reduced glutathione from its oxidized form. Inhibition of glutathione reductase selectively impaired long-term memory formation in infant but not in juvenile and adult rats, confirming its age-specific role. Thus, metabolomic profiling revealed that the hippocampal glutathione-mediated antioxidant pathway is differentially required for the formation of infantile memory.
Multisensory-motor integration in olfactory navigation of silkmoth, Bombyx mori, using virtual reality system
Authors: Yamada Mayu , Ohashi Hirono , Hosoda Koh , Kurabayashi Daisuke , Shigaki Shunsuke
Published: November 2021

Most animals survive and thrive due to navigational behavior to reach their destinations. In order to navigate, it is important for animals to integrate information obtained from multisensory inputs and use that information to modulate their behavior. In this study, by using a virtual reality (VR) system for an insect, we investigated how the adult silkmoth integrates visual and wind direction information during female search behavior (olfactory behavior). According to the behavioral experiments using a VR system, the silkmoth had the highest navigational success rate when odor, vision, and wind information were correctly provided. However, the success rate of the search was reduced if the wind direction information provided was different from the direction actually detected. This indicates that it is important to acquire not only odor information but also wind direction information correctly. When the wind is received from the same direction as the odor, the silkmoth takes positive behavior; if the odor is detected but the wind direction is not in the same direction as the odor, the silkmoth behaves more carefully. This corresponds to a modulation of behavior according to the degree of complexity (turbulence) of the environment. We mathematically modeled the modulation of behavior using multisensory information and evaluated it using simulations. The mathematical model not only succeeded in reproducing the actual silkmoth search behavior but also improved the search success relative to the conventional odor-source search algorithm.
ANTH domains within CALM, HIP1R, and Sla2 recognize ubiquitin internalization signals
Authors: Pashkova Natalya , Gakhar Lokesh , Yu Liping , Schnicker Nicholas J , Minard Annabel Y , Winistorfer Stanley , Johnson Ivan E , Piper Robert C
Published: November 2021

Attachment of ubiquitin (Ub) to cell surface proteins serves as a signal for internalization via clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). How ubiquitinated membrane proteins engage the internalization apparatus remains unclear. The internalization apparatus contains proteins such as Epsin and Eps15, which bind Ub, potentially acting as adaptors for Ub-based internalization signals. Here, we show that additional components of the endocytic machinery including CALM, HIP1R, and Sla2 bind Ub via their N-terminal ANTH domain, a domain belonging to the superfamily of ENTH and VHS domains. Structural studies revealed that Ub binds with µM affinity to a unique C-terminal region within the ANTH domain not found in ENTH domains. Functional studies showed that combined loss of Ub-binding by ANTH-domain proteins and other Ub-binding domains within the yeast internalization apparatus caused defects in the Ub-dependent internalization of the GPCR Ste2 that was engineered to rely exclusively on Ub as an internalization signal. In contrast, these mutations had no effect on the internalization of Ste2 engineered to use an alternate Ub-independent internalization signal. These studies define new components of the internalization machinery that work collectively with Epsin and Eps15 to specify recognition of Ub as an internalization signal.
A novel hyperspectral compressive sensing framework of plant leaves based on multiple arbitrary-shape regions of interest
Authors: Jia Yuewei , Xue Lingyun , Xu Ping , Luo Bin , Chen Ke-nan , Zhu Lei , Liu Yian , Yan Ming
Published: November 2021

Massive plant hyperspectral images (HSIs) result in huge storage space and put a heavy burden for the traditional data acquisition and compression technology. For plant leaf HSIs, useful plant information is located in multiple arbitrary-shape regions of interest (MAROIs), while the background usually does not contain useful information, which wastes a lot of storage resources. In this paper, a novel hyperspectral compressive sensing framework for plant leaves with MAROIs (HCSMAROI) is proposed to alleviate these problems. HCSMAROI only compresses and reconstructs MAROIs by discarding the background to achieve good reconstructed performance. But for different plant leaf HSIs, HCSMAROI has the potential to be applied in other HSIs. Firstly, spatial spectral decorrelation criterion (SSDC) is used to obtain the optimal band of plant leaf HSIs; Secondly, different leaf regions and background are distinguished by the mask image of the optimal band; Finally, in order to improve the compression efficiency, after discarding the background region the compressed sensing technology based on blocking and expansion is used to compress and reconstruct the MAROIs of plant leaves one by one. Experimental results of soybean leaves and tea leaves show that HCSMAROI can achieve 3.08 and 5.05 dB higher PSNR than those of blocking compressive sensing (BCS) at the sampling rate of 5%, respectively. The reconstructed spectra of HCSMAROI are especially closer to the original ones than that of BCS. Therefore, HCSMAROI can achieve significantly higher reconstructed performance than that of BCS. Moreover, HCSMAROI can provide a flexible way to compress and reconstruct different MAROIs with different sampling rates, while achieving good reconstruction performance in the spatial and spectral domains.
Identification and functional analysis of bacteria in sclerotia of Cordyceps militaris
Authors: Luo Li , Zhou Jiaxi , Xu Zhongshun , Guan Jingqiang , Gao Yingming , Zou Xiao
Published: November 2021

Background

Cordyceps militaris is a fungus that parasitizes insects. Compounds from C. militaris are valuable in medicine and functional food. There are many kinds of bacteria in the natural sclerotia of C. militaris. However, the community structure of microorganisms in samples from different places may be different, and their corresponding ecological functions require experimental verification.

Methods

We used high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences in sclerotia of three samples of C. militaris from Liaoning Province, China. We isolated, identified and verified the function of culturable bacterial strains from the sclerotia.

Results

Pseudomonas, Pedobacter, Sphingobacterium, and Serratia were the dominant bacterial genera in the sclerotia. And function prediction showed that Pseudomonas and Pedobacter could be heterotrophic, Sphingobacterium could decompose urea, and Serratia could reduce nitrate. Two strains of bacteria isolated from the sclerotia of C. militaris, N-2 and N-26, were identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Pseudomonas baetica, respectively, based on culture and biochemical characteristics. When these isolated strains were co-cultured with C. militaris, the mycelium biomass and mycelium pellet diameter decreased, and the content of extracellular polysaccharide increased. Strain N-26 decreased the cordycepin content in C. militaris.

Conclusions

Bacteria in sclerotia have an important effect on the growth of C. militaris and the production of its metabolites.
Removal of heavy oil from contaminated surfaces with a detergent formulation containing biosurfactants produced by Pseudomonas spp.
Authors: Farias Charles Bronzo B. , Soares da Silva Rita de Cássia F. , Almeida Fabíola Carolina G. , Santos Valdemir A. , Sarubbo Leonie A.
Published: November 2021

Industrial plants powered by heavy oil routinely experience problems with leaks in different parts of the system, such as during oil transport, the lubrication of equipment and mechanical failures. The surfactants, degreasing agents and solvents that make up detergents commonly used for cleaning grease-covered surfaces are synthetic, non-biodegradable and toxic, posing risks to the environment as well as the health of workers involved in the cleaning process. To address this problem, surfactant agents of a biodegradable nature and low toxicity, such as microbial surfactants, have been widely studied as an attractive, efficient solution to replace chemical surfactants in decontamination processes. In this work, the bacterial strains Pseudomonas cepacia CCT 6659, Pseudomonas aeruginosa UCP 0992, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145 were evaluated as biosurfactant producers in media containing different combinations and types of substrates and under different culture conditions. The biosurfactant produced by P. aeruginosa ATCC 10145 cultivated in a mineral medium composed of 5.0% glycerol and 2.0% glucose for 96 h was selected to formulate a biodetergent capable of removing heavy oil. The biosurfactant was able to reduce the surface tension of the medium to 26.40 mN/m, with a yield of approximately 12.00 g/L and a critical micelle concentration of 60.00 mg/L. The biosurfactant emulsified 97.40% and dispersed 98.00% of the motor oil. The detergent formulated with the biosurfactant also exhibited low toxicity in tests involving the microcrustacean Artemia salina and seeds of the vegetable Brassica oleracea. The detergent was compared to commercial formulations and removed 100% of the Special B1 Fuel Oil (OCB1) from different contaminated surfaces, demonstrating potential as a novel green remover with industrial applications.
UKŁAD WYLOTOWY TYPU DYFUZORA STOŻKOWEGO SPRĘŻARKI PROMIENIOWEJ
Authors: Antas Stanisław
Published: November 2021

Dyfuzor stożkowy jest układem wylotowym kanału przepływowego sprężarki promieniowej, który doprowadza czynnik do przewodów tłoczących. W pracy przedstawiono metodę wyznaczania parametrów strumienia w przekroju wyjściowym układu wylotowego sprężarki promieniowej. Analiza obejmuje układ wylotowy typu dyfuzora stożkowego. Zaprezentowano także odpowiednią metodę określania parametrów geometrycznych dla kanału wylotowego tego typu. Wymieniona metoda może być stosowana w trakcie realizacji projektu koncepcyjnego sprężarki, a oparta jest na równaniu zachowania energii, równaniu ciągłości przepływu, pierwszej i drugiej zasadzie termodynamiki oraz funkcjach gazodynamicznych i definicjach używanych w teorii maszyn wirnikowych. Końcowa część pracy zawiera parametry określające jakość działania dyfuzora stożkowego oraz wnioski.
MODELOWANIE WPŁYWU PARAMETRÓW OBRÓBKI NAGNIATANIEM NA CHROPOWATOŚĆ POWIERZCHNI WAŁKÓW ZE STALI 42CRMO4
Authors: Antosz Katarzyna , Kluz Rafał , Trzepieciński Tomasz , Bucior Magdalena
Published: November 2021

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań mających na celu określenie wpływu parametrów nagniatania ślizgowego na chropowatość powierzchni wałków wykonanych ze stali 42CrMo4. Proces nagniatania wykonano przy użyciu narzędzi z końcówką z polikrystalicznego diamentu. Przed nagniataniem próbki poddano toczeniu na tokarce narzędziowej. Badania prowadzono według planu Hartleya PS/DS-P:Ha3, który umożliwia zdefiniowanie równania regresji w postaci wielomianu drugiego stopnia. Wykorzystano również modele sztucznej sieci neuronowej do przewidywania chropowatości powierzchni wałków po procesie nagniatania. Rozważane parametry wejściowe procesu obejmowały wartości nacisku, prędkości nagniatania i prędkości posuwu. We wszystkich analizowanych przypadkach nagniatania wartość chropowatości powierzchni określonej parametrem Ra uległa zmniejszeniu. Różnice między danymi eksperymentalnymi a modelem Hartleya nie przekraczały 24%. Najlepszą reprezentację modelu Hartleya uzyskano dla parametrów nagniatania: posuw f = 0,32 mm/obr, nacisk P = 130 N i prędkość nagniatania v = 180 obr/min. Perceptrony wielowarstwowe były najlepszymi predyktorami chropowatości powierzchni wałków. Przy współczynniku korelacji Pearsona R2 powyżej 0,998 wartość średniego błędu bezwzględnego nie przekroczyła 0,005.
THE INFLUENCE OF INTERRUPTING THE BRAZING PROCESS OF HASTELLOY X SUPERALLOY ON THE PROPERTIES OF THE JOINT
Authors: Krystek Kamil
Published: November 2021

In this paper, disruption of brazing process impact on behavior of filler metal and properties of the joint was investigated. Hastelloy X sheet samples were brazed using Ni-13Cr-4Fe-4Si-2,7B filler alloy. Two identical sets of samples were heated in high vacuum, once load reached specified temperature process was interrupted. Subsequently, one set of samples was tested and second set was subjected to rebrazing in proper time and temperature, dedicated for used filler material. Disruption of the process in following temperature was analyzed: 930, 960, 1050, 1127, 1145, 1170°C. After both processes macroscopic observations of joint, peel test, static tensile test and spreadability analysis were carried out.
INFLUENCE OF CASTING PARAMETERS ON FATIGUE PROPERTIES OF THE ŻS6U-WI ALLOY
Authors: Tomczak Anna
Published: November 2021

The hot parts of aircraft engines are made of nickel-based superalloys and work in extremely difficult conditions. The compressor blades mentioned in the article are usually produced by a casting process whose parameters have a great influence on the fatigue properties of the end product. The parameters of the casting process have significant influence on the microstructure, i.e. phase components morphologies. The article presents the results of the analysis of microstructures of nickel superalloys and the influence of casting parameters on the fatigue strength of finished products. The casting parameters were selected experimentally. The work included analysis of the microstructure of semifinished products and high-cyclic fatigue strength tests of the final product.