bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flexible Cement Improves Wellbore Integrity for Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) Wells
Authors: DeBruijn Gunnar , Siso Carlos , Reinheimer Don , Whitton Sarah , Redekopp Dwayne
Published: October 2008

Well integrity is a key requirement for continuing heavy oil development and production. Cement sheath integrity is crucial to maintaining zonal isolation, which prevents unwanted fluid migration, especially oil, gas and steam, outside of the wellbore. Current commercial production techniques in heavy oil use steam to provide heat to mobilize oil and allow production. These production techniques apply significant stress to the cement sheath which could lead to cement sheath failure. A computer simulation assessing the stress in the cement sheath is presented. Flexible cement systems can be designed so that the cement sheath can withstand the expected stresses during the life of the well.

Preventing cement breakdown can be achieved by improving the installation practices and by assessing and reducing the stresses imposed on the cement during the life of the well.

A case history detailing the installation of a flexible cement system in a SAGD production well is presented. Once a flexible cement system has been selected, careful planning and process control is required to deliver the system with the desired properties. Best practices must be used for placement of the system in the annulus. Industry best practices, especially the use of centralizers, viscous fluid spacers and pipe movement were employed. Excellent zonal isolation is achieved with the flexible cement system.

Several challenges also present themselves for the installation and also the evaluation of the cement sheath. Centralization and hole size play an important role in the placement of the cement system in the annulus. Assessing the well zonal isolation integrity is the next step once the cement is in place. Operating parameters for a particular well can be determined using numerical modelling to simulate the stress that the cement sheath will be exposed to.
Success of Behavioral Safety Programme
Authors: Malallah Sami
Published: October 2008

Behavioral-based Safety is a well-established method for changing workers behavior and incident rates. However, a variety of approaches exist, some of which are more effective than others. To determine the most effective design of a behavioral safety process, a review of Behavioral-based Safety field studies was conducted from a safety practitioner’s viewpoint. Covering a wide range of settings, including construction and Oil & Gas, the review focused entirely on the degree of behavioral change and incident reduction resulting from different types of implementation.

To facilitate the analyses, common Behavioral-based Safety program design characteristics were identified and coded. These included (i) Observation focus (individuals, workgroups or outcomes); (ii) Observation contact rate; (iii) the feedback mechanisms used (i.e. posted, verbal & written feedback and monthly briefings); (iv) Goal-setting; and (v) Incentives or competition. The impact of each of these characteristics exerted on behavioral change was calculated.

The results clearly demonstrated that type of setting, the focus of observations, the frequency of observation, the number and types of feedback mechanisms used, in addition to process design considerations influence the effectiveness of behavioral safety programs.

The above study and implementation process was able to generate employees’ acceptance and participation. Number of observation executed in the field increased from 400 to 1500 observations per month within one year of implementation. The overall behavioral safety improved from 84% safe to 95% in the same period. The major improvement was in the Personal Protective Equipment use, especially eye protection category. The safety spectacles use improved from 40% to 75% safe.
Design Characteristics of an Effective BBS Process
Authors: Cooper Dominic
Published: October 2008

Behavioural Safety is a well-established method for reducing changing behaviour and incident rates. However, there are a variety of approaches, some of which are more effective than others. To determine the most effective design of a behavioural safety process, a review of Behavioural Safety field studies was conducted from a safety practitioner’s viewpoint. Covering a wide range of settings, including Construction and Oil & Gas, the review focused entirely on the degree of behavioural change and incident reduction resulting from different types of implementation.

To facilitate the analyses, common Behavioural Safety programme design characteristics were identified and coded. These included (i) Observation focus (individuals, workgroups or outcomes); (ii) Observation contact rate; (iii) The feedback mechanisms utilized (i.e. posted, verbal & written feedback and weekly briefings); (iv) Safety training; (v) Goal-setting; and (vi) Incentives or competition. The impact each of these characteristics exerted on injury rates and behavioural change was calculated.

The results clearly demonstrated that type of setting, the focus of observations, the frequency of observation, the number and types of feedback mechanisms used, in addition to process design considerations influence the effectiveness of behavioural safety programmes.

It is concluded Behavioural Safety programme design and its implementation will determine incident rate reduction and safety behaviour improvement.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VOCATIONAL COLLEGE STUDENTS' SMOKING BEHAVIOR AND SELF-ACTUALIZATION, INTERPERSONAL SUPPORT AND STRESS MANAGEMENT
Authors: Unalan Demet , Celikten Mustafa , Ozturk Ahmet , Senol Vesile
Published: October 2008

In this study the relationship between Health Services students' smoking behaviors and self-actualization, interpersonal support and stress management was explored. Students (372) in the Health and Social programs of the Erciyes University vocational college participated in the
research. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (M ± SD) or median with minumum-maximum values. Over one third (37.9%) of the students were smokers. It was determined that male students, students of social programs, students who had an income of
≤83 USD, students who had a good perception of general health, students who did not have a serious health problem, students who participated in sports and who did not consume alcohol smoked much more than the other groups (p < 0.05). The mean of students' self-actualization
points was 36.03 ± 7.40, of interpersonal support points, 20.45 ± 4.04, and of stress management points, 17.87 ± 4.13. The means of the nonsmoker students' self-actualization and interpersonal support points were found to be significantly high (p < 0.05).
EXPERIENCE, INSTRUCTION, AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT: FOURTH AND FIFTH GRADE STUDENTS' USE OF METAPHOR
Authors: Güven Bülent
Published: October 2008

This research, based on the post-1980s studies of Lacoff and Johnson (2005), was conducted to examine the metaphoric statements of students about their social studies course. Data were collected from 564 students in 4th and 5th grade classes at elementary schools in Çanakkale,
Turkey. The metaphorical writings of the students were categorized by means of content analysis. Metaphoric statements displayed different characteristics according to the gender and grade level of the students.
SEX DIFFERENCES IN SPATIAL VISUALIZATION OF KUWAITI SCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: Alansari Bader M. , DerĘgowski Jan B. , McGeorge Peter
Published: October 2008

Current published data on sex differences in spatial perception is inconclusive. In particular, there are no convincing data on the spatial visualization skills of young children; consequently, it is thought that such differences may be absent. This study was conducted to investigate
sex differences in spatial visualization in a sample of Kuwaiti school children. Two hundred and thirty-five pupils (109 boys and 126 girls) aged from 5 to 9 years participated in the study. Experimental stimuli were used as a spatial visualization test. The data clearly showed that boys performed
better than girls on the spatial visualization test. Their superiority resulted from a greater facility to encode shapes in general, rather than from a greater facility to specifically encode shapes in the orientations in which they were presented.
The quality assurance of Varian enhanced dynamic wedges using Daily QA Check 2
Authors: Rutonjski Laza , Kuzmanovic Zoran , Baucal Milutin , Petrovic Borislava , Teodorovic Milan
Published: October 2008

Background: Clinical implementation of enhanced dynamic wedges (EDW) requires, as any other dynamic treatment, very serious quality assurance (QA) program. In this work, we presented the results of six-month evaluation of Varian enhanced dynamic wedges and detailed QA program for those wedges. Methods: The Sun Nuclear Daily QA Check 2 was used for QA purpose. The QA program included daily and monthly checks. The daily QA program included central axis dose and wedge angle measurements. Within the monthly QA program wedge factors and delivered STTs from the Dynalog files were checked. Results: Our daily QA measurements of dose and wedge angle showed the reproducibility error less than ?1.5%. On the other hand, monthly QA measurements of wedge factor the reproducibility error was less than ?0.5%. The monthly QA check of delivered STTs showed excellent agreement. Conclusion: During the six-month quality control we observed a good reproducibility in the delivery of EDW treatment. Also, the Sun Nuclear Daily QA Check 2 showed to be very satisfying in QA of the EDW treatment.
The return to keynesianism in overcoming cyclical fluctuations?
Authors: Prascevic Aleksandra
Published: October 2008

The problems faced by the American economy in the second half of 2007, which intensified in 2008, have once again asked economic science, and even more so economic policy, questions relating to business cycles - the reasons for cyclical fluctuations, the character of business cycles and, naturally, economic policy measures that can be implemented to alleviate and overcome an economic recession. Since the 1970s, business cycle theories have been intensively developed - ranging from monetary theories, developed within monetarism and the first phase of New Classical Macroeconomics, to the real business cycle theory of New Classical Macroeconomics. Consequently, the triggers for the beginning of a cycle can be monetary (monetary theories) or real in the form of technological shocks (real business cycles). In essence economic policy conducted since the 1970s, has rejected the Keynesian explanations of the functioning of the economic system, and thus the policy of aggregate demand management. However, the measures that are now being implemented in the USA point to a return to Keynesianism. This refers, above all, to attempts to compensate for the inefficiency of monetary policy with fiscal expansion. All three psychological propensities (propensity to consume, propensity to invest and liquidity preference) in Keynes's theory and applied in Keynesian economic policy, are still the significant determinants of monetary and fiscal policies. The return to Keynesianism points to the depth of the crisis faced by the USA, but also confirms the vitality of Keynesian economics and affirms the view that - although Keynes wished to present his theory as being "general" - it is actually the theory of economic depression.
Energy potentials worldwide and their importance in cellulose and paper industry
Authors: Valent Vladimir , Krgovic Milorad , Krsikapa Marina , Nikolic Srecko
Published: October 2008

The available worldwide energy sources are presented. The applications of energy over the next period are considered in this study. The applications and the importance of alternative energy sources is reviewed. The emphasis is put on the necessity of developing new technologies and rationalization of energy use. The data regarding heat and electric energy, along with water applications in cellulose and paper industry are also given.
Harmful substances and their removal from paper pulp and circular water stream
Authors: Jovanovic Slobodan , Krgovic Milorad , Osap Danijela
Published: October 2008

This work shows a systematic review of the cause for intensive increase of harmful substances in paper pulp and circular water streams during last twenty years, as well as their negative influence on productivity of paper machines and quality of produced paper or board. A brief description of methods for determining the content of harmful substances in paper pulp and circular water stream, substances used for fixation and deactivation of harmful substances, as well as processes used for removing harmful substances from paper pulp and circular water stream for the purpose of smooth production of paper and board with desired properties are given.
Thermodynamic characterization of the dimerization equilibrium of newly synthesized polymethine cyanine dyes
Authors: Ghasemi Jahan , Shiri Fereshteh , Deligeorgiev Todor , Kubista Mikael
Published: October 2008

The monomer-dimer equilibrium and thermodynamics of three new cyanine dyes were investigated by spectrophotometric and chemometric methods. The dimerization constants of these new cyanine dyes were determined by studying the dependence of their absorption spectra on the temperature in the range 25-80?C at concentrations of 3.0?10-4, 1.9?10-4 and 1.1?10-4 M for dye 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The processing of the data, performed for the quantitative analysis of pure spectral profiles, was based on the simultaneous resolution of the overlapping bands in the whole set of absorption spectra. From the dimerization constant and its dependence on temperature, the values of the standard enthalpy change and entropy change of dimerization were calculated.
The effect of lipophilicity on the antibacterial activity of some 1-benzylbenzimidazole derivatives
Authors: Podunavac-Kuzmanovic S.O. , Cvetkovic D.D. , Barna D.J.
Published: October 2008

In the present paper, the antibacterial activity of some 1-benzylbenzimidazole derivatives were evaluated against the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli. The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined for all the compounds. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) was employed to study the effect of the lipophilicity parameters (log P) on the inhibitory activity. Log P values for the target compounds were experimentally determined by the "shake-flask" method and calculated by using eight different software products. Multiple linear regression was used to correlate the log P values and antibacterial activity of the studied benzimidazole derivatives. The results are discussed based on statistical data. The most acceptable QSAR models for the prediction of the antibacterial activity of the investigated series of benzimidazoles were developed. High agreement between the experimental and predicted inhibitory values was obtained. The results of this study indicate that the lipophilicity parameter has a significant effect on the antibacterial activity of this class of compounds, which simplifies the design of new biologically active molecules.
Association of Parental Obesity With Concentrations of Select Systemic Biomarkers in Nonobese Offspring
Authors: Lieb Wolfgang , Pencina Michael J. , Lanier Katherine J. , Tofler Geoffrey H. , Levy Daniel , Fox Caroline S. , Wang Thomas J. , D'Agostino Ralph B. , Vasan Ramachandran S.
Published: October 2008

OBJECTIVE—Parental obesity is a risk factor for offspring obesity. It is unclear whether parental obesity also confers risk for obesity-associated conditions (e.g., a proinflammatory or prothrombotic state) in the absence of offspring obesity.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We compared concentrations of multiple biomarkers representing distinct biological pathways (C-reactive protein [CRP], aldosterone, renin, B-type natriuretic peptide, NH2-terminal proatrial natriuretic peptide, fibrinogen, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) in nonobese Framingham Offspring Study participants with no parents (n = 665), one parent (n = 488), or two parents (n = 119) with obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2).

RESULTS—Nonobese offspring with both parents with obesity had higher CRP levels (median 2.16 mg/l) than offspring with one parent (1.58 mg/l) or no parents (1.35 mg/l) with obesity. After multivariable adjustment, a nonlinear relationship with parental obesity became evident: compared with those without parental obesity, CRP levels were higher in offspring with two obese parents (P = 0.04) but not in offspring with only one obese parent (P = 0.76). Renin levels were more linearly related to parental obesity status, being significantly higher in offspring with one parent (P = 0.04) or two parents (P = 0.09) with obesity (P = 0.02 for trend). The other systemic biomarkers did not vary according to parental obesity status (all P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS—Our findings suggest that offspring with a high risk of developing obesity have an altered biomarker profile, characterized by systemic inflammation and increased neurohormonal activity, even in the absence of obesity. This is consistent with the notion that parental obesity may confer an increased susceptibility to other adiposity-associated traits.
Circulating Levels of Adipocyte and Epidermal Fatty Acid–Binding Proteins in Relation to Nephropathy Staging and Macrovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Yeung Dennis C.Y. , Xu Aimin , Tso Annette W.K. , Chow W.S. , Wat Nelson M.S. , Fong Carol H.Y. , Tam Sidney , Sham Pak C. , Lam Karen S.L.
Published: October 2008

OBJECTIVE—To investigate the relationships of serum adipocyte fatty acid–binding protein (A-FABP) and epidermal fatty acid–binding protein (E-FABP) with renal dysfunction and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetic patients.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The associations of serum A-FABP and E-FABP with markers of renal function, nephropathy staging, and macrovascular complications were examined in 237 type 2 diabetic patients.

RESULTS—Serum A-FABP and E-FABP correlated significantly with serum creatinine, mean albumin excretion rate, and glomerular filtration rate (all P < 0.001) and were independently associated with diabetic nephropathy staging (P = 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). Circulating levels of both types of FABP were increased (P < 0.01) in subjects with macrovascular complications. Serum A-FABP was independently associated with macrovascular complications (odds ratio 2.92 [95% CI 1.42–6.01]; P = 0.004).

CONCLUSIONS—Serum A-FABP and E-FABP might be novel serum biomarkers for evaluating the progression of nephropathy and its cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetic patients.
Harmful Hemiptera of Lygus Genus (Miridae, Hemiptera) On Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) In Hamedan Province (Western Iran)
Authors: Mirab-balou Majid , Khanjani Mohammad
Published: October 2008

Harmful Hemiptera ofLygus Genus(Miridae, Hemiptera) On Alfalfa (Medicago SativaL.) In Hamedan Province (Western Iran)

The research on the occurrence of herbivorous heteroptera ofLygusgenus on alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) was carried out over 2005-2006 in the Hamedan province (Western Iran). The analysis of the faunistic material collected from Hemiptera showed the occurrence of 4 species where dominant Heteroptera were represented by:Lygus rugulipennisPoppius,L. pratensisL.,L. gemellatusH.-S. andL. punctatusZ. The maximum abundance of these species coincided with full flowering alfalfa. AmongLygusspecies,L. rugulipennisP. was the most highly abundant in alfalfa's the main species in these fields.
Management of Collar Rot of Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum) by Trichoderma Harzianum and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria
Authors: Maurya S. , Singh Rashmi , Singh D. , Singh H. , Singh U. , Srivastava J.
Published: October 2008

Management of Collar Rot of Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum) byTrichoderma Harzianumand Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria

Collar rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is one of the devastating soil-borne diseases of fungal origin, due to which 10-30% yield loss is recorded annually according to severity of the disease. Management of collar rot of chickpea is not feasible in the absence of effective soil fungicides. However,Trichoderma harzianumand plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have shown high efficacy against this diseasein vitroas well as in the field. We usedT. harzianum(104, 106and 108spore/ml) and two PGPRs (Pseudomonas fluorescensstrain 4 andP. aeruginosa) as foliar spray with the fresh and heat inactivated microorganisms. Foliar application ofT. harzianum(108spore/ml) andP. fluorescensstrain 4 (108cfu/ml) showed maximum efficacy in reducing plant mortality as compared to the control. Foliar application of fresh-and heat-inactivated (121°C for 10 min)P. fluorescensstrain 4, andT. harzianumreduced 15-25% plant mortality butP. aeruginosashowed very little disease control of 10-15%. However, regarding plant growth promotion, it was observed that fresh-and heat-inactivatedP. fluorescensstrain 4 showed maximum efficacy followed by fresh and heat inactivatedP. aeruginosaandT. harzianumas compared to the control. The disease-controlling efficacy was also associated with the increase in phenolic acid synthesis in chickpea plants. The control of chickpea collar rot by biocontrol agents is safe and ecologically sound and appears to be a healthy approach to the disease control.
Will a Clinical Approach Make Education Research More Relevant for Practice?
Authors: Bulterman-Bos Jacquelien A.
Published: October 2008

The way in which researchers view education differs fundamentally from the way in which teachers view education. These different outlooks are (partly) a consequence of the different work roles of researchers and teachers. This article explores the question of whether it is really inevitable that research and practice each establish different views of education. The author shows that the definition of the role of researchers draws heavily on a dualistic view that separates knowledge from skill and detaches human intellectual faculties from other human faculties. Although such dualistic notions are highly contested nowadays, they are institutionalized in the definition of the work of researchers and the purpose of research. The contribution of this article lies in the presentation of a unifying framework in which the views of teachers and researchers can be (at least partially) reconciled in the context of clinical research practice.
Comments on Bulterman-Bos: Education Research as a Distributed Activity Across Universities
Authors: Lagemann Ellen Condliffe
Published: October 2008

In response to Bulterman-Bos (2008) , this article discusses three kinds of research needed in education: problem-finding research, which helps frame good research questions; problem-solving research, which helps illuminate educational problems; and translational work, which transforms the findings of research into tools that practitioners and policy makers need. Clinical research is most important as a form of problem-finding study. Although it is best carried on in “ed schools,” other kinds of education research are best done in other faculties. For this reason, education research should be a distributed activity, encouraged across all the faculties of research universities.
Psychiatry in New Britain
Authors: Hoskin J. O. , Veness H.
Published: October 2008

A psychiatric research project has been instituted in the Rabaul district of New Britain. A case report of a psychotic patient is presented as a basis for understanding psychiatric illness in the indigene. The role of traditional beliefs in illness are outlined and, although western beliefs and scientific medicine are gaining ground, the treatment of the mentally ill involves an active role for traditional healers. A hospital-oriented service may only be efficacious for more disturbed deviant individuals.
Papua and New Guinea Transcultural Psychiatry: Some Hazards of the Mixed-Blood Marginal Situation
Authors: Burton-Bradley B. G.
Published: October 2008

An account is given of the historical origin of mixed blood persons in the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. The concept of marginal personality is discussed and considered to be clinically useful. Personality development is outlined and it is postulated that certain tension-reducing devices among persons of mixed blood are responsible for an observed minimal rate of overt psychosis.

“Suffering which falls to our lot in the course of nature, or by chance, or fate, does not seem so painful as suffering which is inflicted on us by the arbitrary will of another.”

—Schopenhauer.
Mental Disorder and Dangerousness
Authors: Mullen Paul E.
Published: October 2008

Psychiatrists are called upon to make judgements on the future dangerousness of mentally disordered subjects in civil commitment procedures, in the criminal courts, and during the decision process on the release of offenders on indeterminate sentences or committals. The ability of psychiatrists to make these judgements is increasingly under challenge. The difficulties of making useful predictions when the base rate for the event to be predicted is low, is now well recognised. Less obvious are the problems attendant upon making socially useful predictions on psychiatric grounds in populations with a high base rate for future offending. The evidence pertaining to the level of violence amongst the mentally disordered is reviewed. The lesson to be drawn from the empirical evidence is that mental abnormality of and in itself contributes littie to the prediction of the predisposition to act violently. The question remains as to whether there are definable groups or classes within the generality of mentally abnormal individuals for whom there is an increased risk of future violence. It would be compatible with both the research studies and common clinical impression if the mentally abnormal contained subgroups with unusually violent predispositions balanced by larger groups with less than average propensities to aggression. The literature is largely inadequate to delineate such high risk groups with the degree of certainty ideally needed to instruct clinical decisions, but does suggest that such groups exist and are capable of further empirical definition.
The Indochinese Refugee: An Overview
Authors: Boman Bruce , Edwards Maurine
Published: October 2008

A review of some of the sociocultural features of Australia's recently arrived 51,000 Indochinese refugees is given. The severe disintegration of Vietnamese society by two decades of warfare would suggest the likelihood of significant psychopathology. This is supported by clinical surveys. The psychological responses to migration and resettlement, including persisting feelings of guilt, bewilderment and pining, are reviewed, with subsequent difficulties in marriage, family, employment and education. Research indicates high continuing levels of psychiatric dysfunction especially among refugees lacking social support or experiencing status dislocation. Suggestions are made for culturally acceptable forms of assessment and therapy.
Psychological and Educational Correlates of Strabismus in School Children
Authors: Tonge Bruce J. , Lipton George L. , Crawford Gwen
Published: October 2008

The results of a study investigating the relationship of psychiatric and cognitive disorder with strabismus and its treatment in primary school aged children are reported. Results suggest that children with strabismus have a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorder, particularly an emotional disorder or psychosis. Subjects also had an increased risk of having educational problems and of exhibiting difficulties with tasks involving visual perception. Variables related to the nature and treatment of the strabismus did not appear influential in the development of the psychiatric disorder. Family disruption was significantly associated with both the presence of strabismus and emotional and behaviourial problems in the children reported by parents and teachers.
Sex and Age Differences in Depression: A Quantitative Synthesis of Published Research
Authors: Jorm A. F.
Published: October 2008

It is commonly believed that depression is more common in females than in males. A quantitative synthesis of published research showed, however, that the sex difference is age specific. There is little sex difference in either childhood or advanced old age, but a notable sex difference in middle life. This sex difference appears because rates for females rise sharply from childhood to adulthood and then decline somewhat in old age. By contrast, rates for males show a small rise in early adulthood but are otherwise fairly stable throughout life. The age-specific nature of these sex differences may be explainable in terms of differences in social roles at various ages.
Changing Trends in First Admissions and Readmissions for Mania and Schizophrenia in New Zealand, 1974 to 1984
Authors: Joyce Peter R.
Published: October 2008

From 1974 to 1984 in New Zealand there was a significant decline in first psychiatric admissions for the functional psychoses. This decline is due to decreasing first admission rates for schizophrenia and depressive psychoses, despite an increasing first admission rate for mania. Although a small part of the declining first admission rate for schizophrenia may be due to the increasing diagnosis of mania, this is insufficient to explain all the decline and suggests an actual decline in the incidence of schizophrenia. Over this same period readmissions for functional psychoses increased, with the most marked increase being in manic readmissions. Although a variety of factors influence readmission rates, the marked rise in manic readmissions suggests broadening diagnostic criteria for mania.
Alcoholism and Psychiatric Disorder
Authors: Peace Kathryn , Mellsop Graham
Published: October 2008

Over the past 50 years the relationship between alcoholism and psychiatric disorders, such as depression, anxiety and schizophrenia, has been the subject of a great deal of research. Psychiatric problems have been seen as both a cause and a result of alcoholism. Whatever the relation between alcoholism and psychiatric disorder is, it may have significance for the development of differentially effective treatment strategies. Several authors have argued that the presence and nature of psychiatric symptoms should form the basis of a classification system for alcoholics. Given the potential rewards of such a system for both understanding the aetiology of alcoholism and developing effective treatment strategies, it is important to have a clear picture of the nature and extent of this relationship. This paper reviews critically the published studies of the association between alcoholism and psychiatric disorder and outlines directions for future research.
An Appraisal of the NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program
Authors: Burvill P. W.
Published: October 2008

The Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program was a massive United States community survey of psychiatric illness, dwarfing all prior similar surveys. It has been described as a ‘landmark in the development of American contributions to the psychiatric knowledge base’. The results pose a number of challenges to psychiatry. This paper briefly describes the program and appraises it, raising considerable doubts regarding the validity and usefulness of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule as a measuring instrument for the diagnosis of psychiatric illness, especially in the elderly; the use of lay interviewers to measure psychiatric illness; whether it is possible to measure lifetime prevalence of psychiatric illness; some of the reported prevalence rates, especially of phobia; the failure to include generalised anxiety among the 15 psychiatric diagnoses measured; and the failure to compare the results with those reported elsewhere in the literature.
Drugs and Prisons
Authors: Ellard John
Published: October 2008

For as long as it has existed, our Australian society has been attempting to deal with addiction and criminal behaviour. Both crime and the taking of illicit drugs are reflections of the divisions, hatreds and wretchedness that have long existed within our society and within the individuals that comprise it. The prison, as a micro-society, brings the larger problems into an intense focus, with consequent difficulties for those who must administer it. This essay is concerned with those difficulties, their history and their management.
Relation of Attention Deficit and Conduct Disorder to Vigilance and Reading Lag
Authors: Levy Florence , Horn Kim , Dalglish Robert
Published: October 2008

The relationship between DSM-III Axis I diagnoses ‘attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity’ (ADDH), ‘conduct disorder’ (CD) and ‘anxiety disorder’ (AD) and measures of attention and reading were studied in 158 children. Children diagnosed as having severe or moderate ADDH were found to be younger at referral and to have a lower IQ than were children with CD and AD. When age, IQ, social class and sex were controlled, children with severe ADDH were found to perform significantly worse than other diagnostic groups on some tests of vigilance and reading age. The data suggest that children with severe ADDH form a distinct group, and those with mild ADDH overlap symptomatically and on tests of vigilance with children with CD.
Agoraphobia and Parental Bereavement
Authors: Hafner R. Julian , Roder Michael J.
Published: October 2008

The prevalence of parental bereavement was determined in 50 married female outpatients with a DSM-III diagnosis of agoraphobia and in a control group of married female outpatients diagnosed as having non-psychotic psychiatric disorders other than agoraphobia. The two groups were matched for age and overall severity of psychiatric symptoms. Compared with the general population, the patient control group reported a statistically significant excess of parental, but not maternal, bereavement. The agoraphobic group was significantly younger than the control group at the time of parental loss. These data, together with other reports, suggest a contribution of paternal bereavement before the age of 30 years to agoraphobia in married women and a contribution of recent parental bereavement to psychiatric disorder in general.
The Establishment of a Mood Disorders Unit
Authors: Brodaty Henry , Boyce Philip , Wilhelm Kay , Mitchell Philip , Parker Gordon
Published: October 2008

The establishment within a general hospital psychiatry ward of a mood disorders unit (MDU), a specialised facility for the assessment and treatment of patients with affective disorders, is described. The aims include provision of a clinical service, a teaching resource for affective disorders and the development of a research centre. Details are provided of the organisation of the MDU, the development of programs for management of patients and the difficulties encountered. In the first year, 164 patients were assessed, of whom 36 were judged not to have a primary mood disorder. For the remainder, the most common DSM-III diagnosis was major depressive episode (n = 68), with about half having the melancholic sub-type. It is argued that a specialised diagnosis-related facility is feasible within a general hospital psychiatry service with area health commitments.
A Group Method for Learning about Psychiatric Research
Authors: Ben-Tovim David I. , Battersby Malcolm W. , Allan John A. , Papay Peter S.
Published: October 2008

Psychiatric trainees in their final year of training met fortnightly with an experienced psychiatric researcher. A group format was used to facilitate the development of skills employed in psychiatric research. Various exercises, including conducting a research project during the group sessions, were undertaken. This report highlights certain issues that may inhibit clinicians from undertaking research projects. It is presented from both the group leader's and the participants' perspectives.
Entre Gandolfinigi et Obertenghi : les comtes de Plaisance aux Xe et XIe siècles
Authors: Bougard François
Published: October 2008

François Bougard, Entre Gandolfingi et Obertenghi : les comtes de Plaisance aux Xe et XIe siècles, p. 11-66.

Des recherches menées dans les archives de Plaisance (cathédrale et chapitre de Sant'Antonino) permettent d'éclairer la personnalité de deux figures locales, Gandolf, comte de Plaisance en 930, et Boson, connu comme «fils du marquis Gandolf» en 999. La carrière de Gandolf est replacée au sein de la succession des comtes de Plaisance. Son fils Boson, sans recueillir la charge paternelle, a su néammoins mettre la famille au premier rang des propriétaires du comté, par l'établissement d'un réseau de domaines couvrant tout le tiers occidental de la circonscription. Ces biens passent en bloc aux Obertenghi en 1028-1029 et constituent ainsi leur point d'appui majeur dans cette partie du royaume.

Les successeurs de Gandolf à l'office comtal, Riprandus de Basilica Duce et ses descendants, réussissent près d'un siècle durant, sous l'œil favorable des Canossa, à mettre en œuvre un programme dynastique servi par un dédoublement du comté et donc du titre, par l'établissement de liens familiaux avec les Obertenghi, par la possession durable d'un castrum et par les relations entretenues avec le monastère de San Savino de Plaisance. Au milieu du XIe siècle pourtant, l'intervention impériale vient rappeler la fragilité de ce genre de constructions.
Per un contributo alla storia del documento comunale nel Lazio dei secoli XII e XII. I comuni delle provincie di Campagna e Marittima
Authors: Carbonetti Vendittelli Cristina
Published: October 2008

Cristina Carbonetti Vendittelli, Per un contributo alla storia del documento comunale nel Lazio dei secoli XII e XIII. I comuni delle provincie di Campagna e Marittima, p. 95-132.

Nel saggio viene presa in considerazione la produzione documentaria dei principali Comuni del Lazio meridionale tra la meta del secolo XII e la fine del XIII, ossia nel periodo compreso tra la nascita delle istituzioni comunali e l'introduzione e definitiva affermazione del regime podestarile. Attraverso l'analisi dettagliata della documentazione prodotta dagli organismi comunali nel corso di quasi 150 anni si chiariscono da un lato i tempi ed i ritmi di evoluzione delle strutture documentarie attraverso le quali si esprimevano le nuove istituzioni di governo, nelle loro forme ed espressioni, dall'altro le modalità adottate dalle stesse amministrazioni comunali per regolare la propria documentazione, ossia il tipo di rapporti che si vennero ad instaurare tra istituzione e notariato locale ed in che momento si giunse definitivamente all'introduzione della nuova figura del notaio-funzionario rigidamente inquadrato nelle strutture burocratiche comunali.
Corporation, société et démocratie chez Durkheim
Authors: Gautier Claude
Published: October 2008

Réévaluation de la place et de importance de la corporation dans la pensée durkheimienne, en partant de l'hypothèse selon laquelle loin d'être une addition tardive à sa théorie générale du lien social (la généralisation des solidarités organiques dans les sociétés modernes), la corporation est une catégorie centrale qui permet de comprendre comment Durkheim relie la socialisation politique à la question de l'intégration sociale des individus. Dans cette perspective, la corporation et ce qui en fonde la nécessité dans la pensée sociologique de Durkheim peuvent apporter un éclairage utile à la compréhension des crises actuelles d'intégration.
C. F. Gauss et J. A. da Cunha.
Authors: Youschkevitch A. P.
Published: October 2008

SUMMARY. — This note is a supplement to an article by the author on J. A. da Cunha published in Revue d'Histoire des Sciences, XXIV -1 ; it calls attention to a very favourable opinion expressed in 1811 by C. F. Gauss on the definition of exponential and logarithmic functions given by J. A. da Cunha in his Principios Mathematicos, 1790.
Magnétisme et énergétique. La méthode de Duhem. A propos d'une lettre inédite de Pierre Curie.
Authors: Brouzeng Paul
Published: October 2008

SUMMARY. — The unpublished letter of 11 January 1902 from Pierre Curie to Pierre Duhem reveals, on the subject of a specific scientific problem, magneto-statics, more than the opposition between two men, that between two approaches to scientific reality : the one heir to the experimental and rationalist tradition of French science, the other more intent on submitting reality to the great principles of general thermodynamics (or energetics).
Économie administrée, corruption et engrenage de la violence en Algérie
Authors: Talahite Fatiha
Published: October 2008

Fatiha TALAHITE — Administrated economy, corruption and the build up of violence en Algeria. After a critical examination of theories which attribute corruption to oil revenues and to the rental functioning of the economy or of the State, or to the neo-patrimonial nature of power, the author prefers to focus the analysis on the administrated economy. She shows how colonization and, later, the socialist option caused a large disorder in property rights, making corruption an elusive and expansive phenomenon. The reforms engaged since the mid 80s and aimed at liberalization have proven ineffective since the legal framework of transactions is neither clearly defined nor protected by law. But this comes up against a conflict which stakes is the legitimacy of the institutions and of the legal system prevailing in Algeria.
Corruption et démocratie : menaces pour le développement, possibilités de réforme
Authors: Johnston Michael
Published: October 2008

Michael JOHNSTON — Corruption and democracy : threats to development, opportunities for reform. Democratization, economic development and corruption are intertwined. In some countries affluence, democracy and moderate to low levels of corruption reinforce each other ; elsewhere, poverty, undemocratic politics and high levels of corruption form another, much more diverse, category of cases. Serious corruption threatens democracy, both directly and indirectly. In the former instance, it weakens political institutions and mass participation ; in the latter, it delays and distorts the economic development needed to sustain democracy. While democratic politics, by itself, is not a particularly promising strategy for economic growth, it can help bring corruption under control if political competition is well institutionalised and decisive. To be most effective as an anti-corruption strategy, démocratisation must be integrated with sound economic development and institutional anti-corruption methods.
Réseaux parallèles et État : compromis, corruption et tolérance passive dans la filière de l'émeraude colombienne
Authors: Guillelmet Jean-Marc
Published: October 2008

L'histoire de la filière de l'émeraude colombienne témoigne du dynamisme structurel des logiques informelles et de leurs influences incontournables dans la définition des institutions économiques et des réseaux qui configurent et assurent la régulation systémique de la production et des marchés. L'institutionnalisation étatique récente de l'exploitation et du commerce dans les formes que leur ont donné les comportements parallèles constitue, à ce titre, une preuve de la capacité des comportements déviants à jouer le rôle de moteur dans le développement sectoriel en définissant des cadres d'action opérationnels, même s'ils ne sont pas optimaux au sens classique du terme ni sans limite face à l'État.
Crise économique et régionalisation en Asie orientale
Authors: Boisseau du Rocher Sophie
Published: October 2008

Sophie Boisseau du Rocher — Economic crisis and régionalisation in Eastern Asia.

The Asian economic crisis certainly served as boosting drive on the spur of novel views to the constitution of East-Asian community. But two main trigger- factors seem responsible for reversing the dominant current. Such are the initiatives taken prior to 1997 and the Chinese development, which serves as a powerful regional impetus.
Les investissements directs étrangers et l'intégration régionale : les exemples de l'ASEAN et du MERCOSUR
Authors: Camara Mamadou
Published: October 2008

Mamadou Camara — Direct foreign investments and regional integration : the ASEAN and MERCOSUR examples. On the basis of the asean and the mercorsur examples, this article attempts to demonstrate the contribution of direct foreign investments to differentiated schémas of régionalisation. Following the leads to integrating processes during the 1990s, the author analyses (what he terms here as) the IDE determinants for the 1980-1998 period. The results help to explain how productive foreign capital contributes to conferring a vertical dimension to regional integration in South-East Asia in contrast to Latin America.
Syndicalisme et efficience technique : une analyse appliquée aux firmes bangladaises
Authors: Plane Patrick , Salmon Claire
Published: October 2008

Patrick Plane and Claire Salmon — Trade unionism and technical efficiency : a practical analysis to Bangladeshi firms.

The impact of trade union activity on the economic variables of firms has not been much studied, especially in developing countries. The authors of this paper attempted to apply econometric tests on the technical efficiency of a cross section of Bangladeshi firms by comparing those with and without trade unions. Estimates of a « parametric frontier model » between the two situations suggest a rather positive relationship. The statistically significant influence of trade unions however proves relevant only when considered in relation to firms predominantly owned by foreigners and in the overall context of econometric variables determining firm efficiency.
Introduction : Femmes en domesticité. Les domestiques du Sud, au Nord et au Sud
Authors: Destremau Blandine , Lautier Bruno
Published: October 2008

Blandine Destremau and Bruno Lautier — Women in domesticity : Domestic servants of the South, in the North and in the South.

This article identifies the « hard-core » of the characteristics of domestic employment after stressing the minor concern of the social sciences for the role of household servants. It then draws on the considerable diversity of global domestic servants' situations : itinerary, social and legal status, wages and living conditions. After briefly examining the relevance of the notion of « domestic slavery », the text underlines the importance of the theme of mobility.
L'émergence d'un marché du travail domestique au Yémen : une étude sur Sana'a
Authors: Destremau Blandine
Published: October 2008

Blandine Destremau — The emergence of the domestic labour market in Yemen : a study of Sana' a.

The emergence of a domestic labour market is recent in Yemen. It results from the transformation of life-styles of the middle and upper social groups and from growing disparities. It is fuelled by the presence of thousands of women from East Africa and Asia. Legal loopholes allow the foreign domestic workers to develop strategies that combine professional and geographical mobility. For the impoverished Yemeni women who have no other choice, domestic labour tends to constitute a « poverty trap ».
Itinéraires du travail domestique en Inde : les filles d'Erayiur
Authors: Varrel Aurélie
Published: October 2008

Aurélie Varrel — Itineraries of domestic labour in India : the girls from Erayiur.

India has a large but complex domestic labour sector. Little housemaids, adolescents of rural origin employed as servants by the urban middle classes, constitute a particular category, which is nonetheless at the centre of recent mutations. The spatial and professional itineraries of the young girls are supposed to be socially established ; but, in fact, they show diversified and complex patterns, related to their insertion in an economic whole, thereby transforming the archaic image generally associated to domestic employment.