bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Podvodna/podmorska arheologija, arheologija pomorstva i arheologija broda: razmatranje terminoloških pitanja
Authors: Radić Rossi Irena
Published: July 2017

Cilj je ovoga rada prikazati povijest terminologije vezane uz znanstvene discipline podvodnu/podmorsku arheologiju, arheologiju pomorstva i arheologiju broda u okviru hrvatske arheološke znanosti, te predložiti moguća rješenja za njihovu buduću klasifikaciju. Podvodna i podmorska arheologija široko su prihvaćeni tehnički termini kojima se uobičajeno označuju arheološka istraživanja koja se provode u posebnim uvjetima, a za čije je ostvarenje potrebno raspolagati odgovarajućom opremom i alatom. Precizna definicija termina arheologija pomorstva i arheologija broda omogućuje nam razlikovanje zadataka i ciljeva tih dviju disciplina, pojašnjava njihov znanstveni doprinos unutar matičnoga polja i pruža znatno jasniju percepciju njihovog sadržaja i značenja.
Keramičke čaše s varaždinskog Staroga grada
Authors: Šimek Marina
Published: July 2017

Tijekom 2006. godine Arheološki je odjel Gradskog muzeja Varaždin proveo do sada prvo veće arheološko istraživanje vanjskih fortifikacijskih struktura Staroga grada. Prilikom istraživanja sjeverne i zapadne mokre grabe, prokopane tijekom 16. st., u vrijeme velike renesansne modernizacije srednjovjekovne utvrde, prikupljena je brojna i raznolika arheološka građa. Radi se o oštećenim i neupotrebljivim predmetima, odbačenim kao nepotreban otpad u vodu obrambenog jarka. Iz velike količine različitog keramičkog posuđa izdvojene su jednostavne konične čaše koje čine jednu od kategorija stolnog posuđa odnosno posuđe za piće. Obradom nalaza s ovog istraživanja do sada je identificirano trinaest čaša istoga tipa. Iako se međusobno razlikuju u nekim detaljima, one ipak predstavljaju prepoznatljivu tipološku cjelinu te ih se pripisuje tipu jednostavnih koničnih čaša. Prema stratigrafskom položaju te usporedbom s poznatim primjercima s drugih nalazišta, čaše su datirane u kasni srednji vijek odnosno u 15. st., uz moguću uporabu i početkom 16. st. S obzirom na jednostavnost izrade, skromnu dekoraciju te masovnu proizvodnju pripisuju se lokalnoj produkciji te se njihova uporaba povezuje s pripadnicima nižeg socijalnog sloja unutar feudalne utvrde.
Kastrum Burnum: između starih iskopavanja i novih istraživanja
Authors: Campedelli Alessandro
Published: July 2017

Ostaci rimskog Burnuma nalaze se na obali rijeke Krke, unutar istoimenog Nacionalnog parka. Prva sustavna arheološka istraživanja u Burnumu vršio je Austrijski arheološki institut iz Beča: 1912. i 1913. godine te opet 1973. i 1974. godine kada su započela i istraživanja vodovoda za Burnum pod vodstvom Arheološkog muzeja u Zadru. Godine 2003. započela su istraživanja amfiteatra koja provole Sveučilište u Zadru i Gradski muzej u Drnišu. Između 2005. i 2007. godine u Burnumu su provedene i tri istraživačke kampanje Laboratorija za istraživanje arheoloških struktura Odjela za arheologiju Sveučilišta u Bolonji prilikom kojih su se koristile neinvazivne metode. temeljem tih istraživanja, članak donosi opću sliku povijesno-urbanističkog razvoj Burnuma u širem kontekstu povijesti rimske provincije Dalmacije.
Antefiksi s prikazom tragične maske iz Burnuma i Aserije
Authors: Glavaš Vedrana
Published: July 2017

Za vrijeme istraživanja monumentalne strukture (campus?) na teritoriju Burnuma, rimskoga vojnog logora, pronađeno je devet antefiksa s prikazom tragične maske muškarca na kojima se ističu velike, tužne, realistično prikazane oči. Otkriveni su u sloju kojega karakteriziraju ulomci tegula s pečatom VIII legije. Njihova lokalna proizvodnja moguća je nakon 87. po. Kr.
Luke kod Škripa na otoku Braču - novi arheološki nalazi
Authors: Jelinčić Vučković Kristina
Published: July 2017

Luke su jedan od površinom najvećih i nalazima najbogatijih antičkih lokaliteta na otoku Braču. Arheološka istraživanja na tom lokalitetu do sada nisu obavljena, a lokalitet je u više navrata pregledan. Lokalitet je poznat od 1899. godine kada je na njemu pronađen žrtvenik posvećen Jupiteru Dolihenu. U radu se opisuju nalazi pronađeni u proljeće 2003. godine koji se datiraju od 1. do 5. st. po. Kr.
Resistance of Advanced Soybean Lines to Pod Borrer (Etiella zinckenella Treitschke)
Authors: Kuswantoro Heru , Tengkano Wedanimbi , Bayu Marida S. Y. I.
Published: July 2017

The increasing and stabilizing of soybean product in Indonesia face many limitations. One of the limiting factors is pod borrer (Etiella zinckenella Treitschke) infestation that is able to cause yield loss up to 80%. Objective of the research was to find out some advanced soybean lines that resistant to pod borrer. Design was randomized completely block with three replications.  Soybean lines were grown gradualy to ensure the simultanously flowering. The plants were caged at 35 days after planting (DAT) and infested with the imago of E. zinckenella at 56 DAT. Results showed that different soybean lines affected imago population, eggs population, larvae population, infected pods and infected seeds. Some genotypes were consistantly resistant to E. zinckenella. The resistance of those genotypes were non preference resistance based on eggs population, larvae population, infected pod and infected seeds. This study discovered nine soybean lines that resistant to E. zinckenella, so that it can be beneficial for improving soybean resistance to this pest through releasing as a new pod borer resistant variety after tested further in potential yield and genetic x environment interaction trials. In addition, there were three varieties and two germplasm accessions that can be used as gene sources for improving the resistance of the varieties. The three varieties are able to be cultivated directly in farmer field to decrease the E. zinckenella occurrence. 
The Relationship of Body Length and Ratio Pappilla with Sex in Gobi Fish (Sicyopterus macrostetholepis Blkr.)
Authors: Sari Rona Taula , Zakaria Indra Junaidi
Published: July 2017

Research about the relationship of body length and ratio papilla with sex in goby fish (S. macrostetholepis Blkr.) has been done at Animal Structure and Developmental Laboratory, Biologi Department, Faculty of Matematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University, Padang, which purposed to analyse the relationship of body length and ratio papilla with sex of goby fish (S. macrostetholepis Blkr.). The samples were taken in wild stream area at Batangkuranji river, Padang City. This research used descriptive method and data were analyzed by qualitatively and quantitatively. The results of investigation showed that in several goby fishes (S. macrostetholepis Blkr.) with different sex had the same of body length and the same of ratio papilla. So, there was not relationship between of body length and ratio papilla with sex.  Goby fishes (S. macrostetholepis Blkr.) it belongs to the hermaphrodite protogini, which the androgynous young females, while in adulthood, it would change sex to male. The results of this study are expected to add to the treasures of knowledge and information about reproductive gobies (S. macrostetholepis Blkr.) in the preservation and development of fish farming.
Antioxidant Activity of Dominant Plants Species in Obat Pahit from Lingga Malay Ethnic in Riau Archipelago
Authors: Fitmawati Fitmawati , Sofiyanti Nery , Roza Rodesia Mustika , Isnaini Isnaini , Irawan Yulisa Resti , Winata Dhaniel Ridho , Dewi Awal Prichatin Kusumo
Published: July 2017

Obat Pahit is a potion that has been long commonly consumed by Lingga Malay society for generations as stamina keeper. The most dominant plants found in the packaging of the Obat Pahit were namely Bauhunia semibifida, Cnestis palala and Penawa Root (3 species). This research aimed to investigate and determine activity of antioxidant contents in Obat Pahit from five Traditional Medicine Practitioners (TMPs) in the district of Lingga. The tested samples were mashed then being soaked into 2 types of solvent: distilled water and methanol, containing HCl 1%. DPPH method was also used in this research. Quantitatively antioxidant activity test of Obat Pahit from the five TMPs by using methanol solvent had extremely highest activity compared to the distilled water solvent. The test, using TLC plate by spraying the extract from three dominant plants with 0.1 mM of DPPH solution, produced a pale-yellow spots at a wavelength of 366 nm. On the other hand, the test using HPLC at wavelengths of 230 nm and 280 nm showed the presence of two dominant secondary metabolites contents: flavonoid and phenolic. IC50 (ppm) of Bauhinia semibifida (6.6247), Penawa Root (5.0124) and Cnestis palala (5.9968) were much lower than IC50 of mangosteen’s rind (41.7675), vitamin C (6.6612) and Stimuno drug (8.333). This antioxidant analysis has not been reported previously. This proof contributed greatly to uncovering potentially native natural resources as an indigenous Indonesian drug which is expected to decrease dependence on imported drugs especially imunomodulator, antihypertensive, antidiabet etc. This research would be beneficial and excellent manifestation for the development of natural antioxidant-based medicines from traditional knowledge of Indonesia’s local ethnicities.
The Gonad Maturity of Female Osteochillus vittatus in the presence of Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Setyaningrum Nuning , Sugiharto Sugiharto , Hidayah Hexa Apriliana
Published: July 2017

The fish’s reproduction status is affected by both fed compositions and vitamins intake lead to determine improvement of eggs quality as well as fish production. The presence of Ascorbic Acid (AA) in the cultivation ponds, might accelerate female’s gonad maturation and so rematuration. The research  aimed to determine: (1) Level gonad maturity of supplementation Ascorbic Acid; (2) Oocyts diameter; (3) Larvae survival rate. The research used experimental methods.The method was a completely randomized design (CRD) of 4 treatments and 4 replications.  Treatments were supplementation of AA at different dosages of 0, 600, 1200 and 1800 mg/kg fish-fed ration.The gonad maturity level was analysed descriptively and oocyte diameter and larvae survival rate data were analysed  by  ANOVA. The result showed that supplementation of AA at a dosage of 1200 mg / kg fish-fed ration accelerated the process of gonad maturity, development of oocyt diameter and larvae survival rate as well as the viability of O. vittatus larvae at 90 rearing days.  In this case, level IV gonad maturity was reached at 90 days which characterized by completed vitelogenesis process and oocyte diameter of 1.1 mm.  Thus, this study useful for aquaculture science by provide information on utilization of ascobic acid as food supplement in fish culture and also for fish farmer who wish to accelerate O. vittatus reproduction.
Traditional Usages of Taro (Colocasia spp.) by Ethnic Communities in Borneo
Authors: Oktavianingsih Linda , Suharyanto E. , Daryono Budi Setiadi , Purnomo Purnomo
Published: July 2017

Borneo has a a wealth of various flora, including the Aroids (Araceae). Taro is one of the Aroids that cultivated and used as food crop since a long time ago by the people in Borneo. This study aimed to determine the diversity and utilization of taros traditionally by several ethnic communities in Borneo. The research used Survey Explorative Method with Direct Interview Technique in the field. Taro samples were taken from various habitats of ethnic Banjar, Dayak, Kutai, Malay, Bugis, Toraja and China. The results showed that taro species widely used are : Colocasia esculenta var. esculenta and var. antiquorum, Colocasia  affinis and wild of Colocasia esculenta. C. esculenta var. esculenta and var. antiquorum is used as subsistence food crop and vegetables. Besides, it is used as medicine such as high blood pressure lowering and for consumption of diabetics. Parts of the plants consumed include leaves, petiole, corm and stolon. C. affinis is used as ornamental plants of the home garden, while wild C. esculenta  is used as animal fodder. Taro in Borneo have a considerable variation of traditional cultivars and vernacular names. Fifty eight traditional cultivars from 5 different habitat to be used by some ethnics.
Simultaneous quantitative determination of active components in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum by RP-HPLC coupled with diode array detection
Authors: Zhu Yanqin , Yin Qinhong , Du Ping , Huang Shaojun , Yang Yaling
Published: July 2017

An effective, reliable, and sensitive reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with diode array detector (DAD) method was investigated for simultaneous determination of polydatin, isoquercitrin, resveratrol, and nicotiflorin in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum. The chromatographic separation of the four compounds was carried out on a Welchrom ODS column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) by gradient elution with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) aqueous solution (0.4%)–methanol as the mobile phase, at the temperature of 30 °C and a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 270 nm. Under optimum conditions, the baseline separation of these four compounds can be performed within 30 min. The developed method was validated in terms of detection limit, quantification limit, linearity, precision, and recovery tests. Eventually, the established HPLC–DAD method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of polydatin, isoquercitrin, resveratrol, and nicotiflorin in the extract of herb T. hemsleyanum.
Trajetória acadêmica: notas sobre os desafios do doutorado
Authors: Malanovicz Aline Vieira
Published: July 2017

Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever o processo de desenvolvimento gradual de uma pesquisa de doutorado em Administração. Considera-se que o ponto de vista discente constitui uma fonte de dados reveladora com potencial para ampliar e beneficiar a reflexão sobre o tema. O método utilizado aproxima-se de uma autoetnografia para o relato das experiências vivenciadas pela pesquisadora. Por isso, a pesquisa foi desenvolvida a partir de uma abordagem metodológica do tipo qualitativo-descritiva. Apresenta como resultados uma descrição do planejamento e das etapas realizadas nesse processo por uma aluna deste curso, descrevendo um cenário real que permita a reflexão sobre as possibilidades de realização de pesquisas do tipo. A descrição da trajetória apresentada expôs algumas dificuldades, surpresas, incertezas, descobertas, reflexões, elaborações teóricas, além de momentos de compreensão e outros de apreensão por parte de estudantes quanto ao desenvolvimento de pesquisas do tipo. Como conclusão, é possível dizer que o planejamento da pesquisa em etapas e a produção e submissão de artigos de pesquisa contemplando os métodos e resultados de cada etapa configuraram uma possibilidade de desenvolvimento da pesquisa avaliada como bem organizada e produtiva. Espera-se que o trabalho possa oferecer alguma contribuição para outros estudantes de Administração no percurso do desenvolvimento de seus próprios trabalhos de pesquisa.
Social report and environmental responsibility in Brazil: a thematic review
Authors: Penedo Antonio Sergio Torres , Pereira Vinícius Silva , Fodra Marcelo
Published: July 2017

In the process of making public the green initiatives, companies have realized that social and environmental responsibility practices can be used to increase competitive advantage, minimize risk, manage reputation and transformed the social and environmental initiatives in corporate strategies. The concepts of environmental responsibility, economic and sustainable development and sustainability are very comprehensive. The main objective of this paper is to present the socio-environmental issues, sustainable development and sustainability and the relationship of the same with the social report. Initially aspects related to economic and sustainable development and their characteristics are presented. Then analyzes the evolution of the concept of social responsibility in Brazil, showing that it is often performed paternalistically disregarding the social and environmental impacts. The ways in which economic and financial sectors relate to the society, the description advances organizations in communicating their green initiatives, including the social report, are presented in this article.In the process of making public the green initiatives, companies have realized that social and environmental responsibility practices can be used to increase competitive advantage, minimize risk, manage reputation and transformed the social and environmental initiatives in corporate strategies. The concepts of environmental responsibility, economic and sustainable development and sustainability are very comprehensive. The main objective of this paper is to present the socio-environmental issues, sustainable development and sustainability and the relationship of the same with the social report. Initially aspects related to economic and sustainable development and their characteristics are presented. Then analyzes the evolution of the concept of social responsibility in Brazil, showing that it is often performed paternalistically disregarding the social and environmental impacts. The ways in which economic and financial sectors relate to the society, the description advances organizations in communicating their green initiatives, including the social report, are presented in this article.
Tactical Language and Culture Training Systems: Using AI to Teach Foreign Languages and Cultures
Authors: Johnson W. Lewis , Valente Andre
Published: July 2017

The Tactical Language and Culture Training System (TLCTS) helps people quickly acquire communicative skills in foreign languages and cultures. More than 40,000 learners worldwide have used TLCTS courses. TLCTS utilizes artificial intelligence technologies during the authoring process and at run time to process learner speech, engage in dialogue, and evaluate and assess learner performance. This paper describes the architecture of TLCTS and the artificial intelligence technologies that it employs and presents results from multiple evaluation studies that demonstrate the benefits of learning foreign language and culture using this approach.
Report on the Twenty‐Second International FLAIRS Conference
Authors: Guesgen Hans W. , Lane H. Chad
Published: July 2017

The Twenty‐Second International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference (FLAIRS‐22) was held 19‐21 May 2009 at the Sundial Beach and Golf Resort on Sanibel Island, Florida, USA. It continued a long tradition of FLAIRS conferences, which attract researchers from around the world. The conference featured technical papers, special tracks, and invited speakers. This year's conference was chaired by Susan Haller, from the State University of New York at Potsdam. Conference program cochairs were Hans W. Guesgen, from Massey University in New Zealand, and H. Chad Lane, from the University of Southern California. The special tracks were coordinated by Philip McCarthy, from the University of Memphis.
Searching for Gas Turbine Maintenance Schedules
Authors: Bohlin Markus , Doganay Kivanc , Kreuger Per , Steinert Rebecca , Wärja Mathias
Published: July 2017

Preventive‐maintenance schedules occurring in industry are often suboptimal with regard to maintenance coallocation, loss‐of‐production costs, and availability. We describe the implementation and deployment of a software decision support tool for the maintenance planning of gas turbines, with the goal of reducing the direct maintenance costs and the often costly production losses during maintenance down time. The optimization problem is formally defined, and we argue that the feasibility version is NP‐complete. We outline a heuristic algorithm that can quickly solve the problem for practical purposes and validate the approach on a real‐world scenario based on an oil production facility. We also compare the performance of our algorithm with results from using integer programming and discuss the deployment of the application. The experimental results indicate that down time reductions up to 65 percent can be achieved, compared to traditional preventive maintenance. In addition, the use of our tool is expected to improve availability by up to 1 percent and to reduce the number of planned maintenance days by 12 percent. Compared to an integer programming approach, our algorithm is not optimal but is much faster and produces results that are useful in practice. Our test results and SIT AB's estimates based on operational use both indicate that significant savings can be achieved by using our software tool, compared to maintenance plans with fixed intervals.
Recommender Systems in Requirements Engineering
Authors: Mobasher Bamshad , Cleland‐Huang Jane
Published: July 2017

Requirements engineering in large‐scale industrial, government, and international projects can be a highly complex process involving thousands or even hundreds of thousands of potentially distributed stakeholders. The process can result in massive amounts of noisy and semistructured data that must be analyzed and distilled in order to extract useful requirements. As a result, many human‐intensive tasks in requirements elicitation, analysis, and management processes can be augmented and supported through the use of recommender system and machine‐learning techniques. In this article we describe several areas in which recommendation technologies have been applied to the requirements engineering domain, namely stakeholder identification, domain analysis, requirements elicitation, and decision support across several requirements analysis and prioritization tasks. We also highlight ongoing challenges and opportunities for applying recommender systems in the requirements engineering domain.
Recommendation Technologies for Configurable Products
Authors: Falkner Andreas , Felfernig Alexander , Haag Albert
Published: July 2017

State‐of‐the‐art recommender systems support users in the selection of items from a predefined assortment (for example, movies, books, and songs). In contrast to an explicit definition of each individual item, configurable products such as computers, financial service portfolios, and cars are represented in the form of a configuration knowledge base that describes the properties of allowed instances. Although the knowledge representation used is different compared to nonconfigurable products, the decision support requirements remain the same: users have to be supported in finding a solution that fits their wishes and needs. In this article we show how recommendation technologies can be applied for supporting the configuration of products. In addition to existing approaches we discuss relevant issues for future research.
Designing Embodied Cues for Dialogue with Robots
Authors: Mutlu Bilge
Published: July 2017

Of all computational systems, robots are unique in their ability to afford embodied interaction using the wider range of human communicative cues. Research on human communication provides strong evidence that embodied cues, when used effectively, elicit social, cognitive, and task outcomes such as improved learning, rapport, motivation, persuasion, and collaborative task performance. While this connection between embodied cues and key outcomes provides a unique opportunity for design, taking advantage of it requires a deeper understanding of how robots might use these cues effectively and the limitations in the extent to which they might achieve such outcomes through embodied interaction. This article aims to underline this opportunity by providing an overview of key embodied cues and outcomes in human communication and describing a research program that explores how robots might generate high‐level social, cognitive, and task outcomes such as learning, rapport, and persuasion using embodied cues such as verbal, vocal, and nonverbal cues.
Toward Humanlike Task‐Based Dialogue Processing for Human Robot Interaction
Authors: Scheutz Matthias , Cantrell Rehj , Schermerhorn Paul
Published: July 2017

Many human social exchanges and coordinated activities critically involve dialogue interactions. Hence, we need to develop natural humanlike dialogue‐processing mechanisms for future robots if they are to interact with humans in natural ways. In this article we discuss the challenges of designing such flexible dialogue‐based robotic systems. We report results from data we collected in human interaction experiments in the context of a search task and show how we can use these results to build more flexible robotic architectures that are starting to address the challenges of task‐based humanlike natural language dialogues on robots.
Real‐Time Strategy Game Competitions
Authors: Buro Michael , Churchill David
Published: July 2017

In recent years, real‐time strategy (RTS) games have gained attention in the AI research community for their multitude of challenging and relevant real‐time decision problems that have to be solved in order to win against human experts or to collaborate effectively with other players in team games. In this report we motivate research in this area, give an overview of past RTS game AI competitions, and discuss future directions.
Multiagent Learning: Basics, Challenges, and Prospects
Authors: Tuyls Karl , Weiss Gerhard
Published: July 2017

Multiagent systems (MAS) are widely accepted as an important method for solving problems of a distributed nature. A key to the success of MAS is efficient and effective multiagent learning (MAL). The past 25 years have seen a great interest and tremendous progress in the field of MAL. This article introduces and overviews this field by presenting its fundamentals, sketching its historical development, and describing some key algorithms for MAL. Moreover, main challenges that the field is facing today are identified.
Decision Making in Complex Multiagent Contexts: A Tale of Two Frameworks
Authors: Doshi Prashant
Published: July 2017

Decision making is a key feature of autonomous systems. It involves choosing optimally between different lines of action in various information contexts that range from perfectly knowing all aspects of the decision problem to having just partial knowledge about it. The physical context often includes other interacting autonomous systems, typically called agents. In this article, I focus on decision making in a multiagent context with partial information about the problem. Relevant research in this complex but realistic setting has converged around two complementary, general frameworks and also introduced myriad specializations on its way. I put the two frameworks, decentralized partially observable Markov decision process (Dec‐POMDP) and the interactive partially observable Markov decision process (I‐POMDP), in context and review the foundational algorithms for these frameworks, while briefly discussing the advances in their specializations. I conclude by examining the avenues that research pertaining to these frameworks is pursuing.
TRUSTS: Scheduling Randomized Patrols for Fare Inspection in Transit Systems Using Game Theory
Authors: Yin Zhengyu , Jiang Albert Xin , Tambe Milind , Kiekintveld Christopher , Leyton‐Brown Kevin , Sandholm Tuomas , Sullivan John P.
Published: July 2017

In proof‐of‐payment transit systems, passengers are legally required to purchase tickets before entering but are not physically forced to do so. Instead, patrol units move about the transit system, inspecting the tickets of passengers, who face fines if caught fare evading. The deterrence of fare evasion depends on the unpredictability and effectiveness of the patrols. In this article, we present TRUSTS, an application for scheduling randomized patrols for fare inspection in transit systems. TRUSTS models the problem of computing patrol strategies as a leader‐follower Stackelberg game where the objective is to deter fare evasion and hence maximize revenue. This problem differs from previously studied Stackelberg settings in that the leader strategies must satisfy massive temporal and spatial constraints; moreover, unlike in these counterterrorism‐motivated Stackelberg applications, a large fraction of the ridership might realistically consider fare evasion, and so the number of followers is potentially huge. A third key novelty in our work is deliberate simplification of leader strategies to make patrols easier to execute. We present an efficient algorithm for computing such patrol strategies and present experimental results using real‐world ridership data from the Los Angeles Metro Rail system. The Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department is currently carrying out trials of TRUSTS.
Applying Automated Language Translation at a Global Enterprise Level
Authors: Rychtyckyj Nestor , Plesco Craig
Published: July 2017

We have been utilizing natural language processing (NLP) and machine translation (MT) at Ford for more than 10 years for the automated translation of process build instructions from English to other languages in support of Ford's assembly plants in non‐English speaking countries. This project has continued to evolve with the addition of new languages and improvements to the translation process. However, we discovered that there was a large demand for automated language translation across all of Ford Motor Company and we decided to expand the scope of our project to address these requirements. This article will describe our efforts to meet all of Ford's internal translation requirements with AI and MT technology and focus on the challenges and lessons that we learned from applying advanced technology across an entire corporation.
Online Reconfigurable Machines
Authors: Crawford Lara S. , Do Minh Binh , Ruml Wheeler , Hindi Haitham , Eldershaw Craig , Zhou Rong , Kuhn Lukas , Fromherz Markus P. J. , Biegelsen David , de Kleer Johan , Larner Daniel
Published: July 2017

A recent trend in intelligent machines and manufacturing has been toward reconfigurable manufacturing systems. Such systems move away from a fixed factory line executing an unchanging set of operations and toward the goal of an adaptable factory structure. The logical next challenge in this area is that of online reconfigurability. With this capability, machines can reconfigure while running, enable or disable capabilities in real time, and respond quickly to changes in the system or the environment (including faults). We propose an approach to achieving online reconfigurability based on a high level of system modularity supported by integrated, model‐based planning and control software. Our software capitalizes on many advanced techniques from the artificial intelligence research community, particularly in model‐based domain‐independent planning and scheduling, heuristic search, and temporal resource reasoning. We describe the implementation of this design in a prototype highly modular, parallel printing system.
Virtual Humans for Learning
Authors: Swartout William , Artstein Ron , Forbell Eric , Foutz Susan , Lane H. Chad , Lange Belinda , Morie Jacquelyn , Noren Dan , Rizzo Skip , Traum David
Published: July 2017

Virtual humans are computer‐generated characters designed to look and behave like real people. Studies have shown that virtual humans can mimic many of the social effects that one finds in human‐human interactions such as creating rapport, and people respond to virtual humans in ways that are similar to how they respond to real people. We believe that virtual humans represent a new metaphor for interacting with computers, one in which working with a computer becomes much like interacting with a person and this can bring social elements to the interaction that are not easily supported with conventional interfaces. We present two systems that embody these ideas. The first, the twins are virtual docents in the Museum of Science, Boston, designed to engage visitors and raise their awareness and knowledge of science. The second, Sim‐Coach, uses an empathetic virtual human to provide veterans and their families with information about PTSD and depression.
Report on the Twenty‐First International Conference on Case‐Based Reasoning
Authors: Ontañón Santiago , Delany Sarah Jane , Cheetham William E.
Published: July 2017

In cooperation with the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), the twenty‐first International Conference on Case‐Based Reasoning (ICCBR), the premier international meeting on research and applications in case‐based reasoning (CBR), was held in July 2013 in Saratoga Springs, NY. ICCBR is the annual meeting of the CBR community and the leading conference on this topic. This year ICCBR featured the Industry Day, the fifth annual Doctoral Consortium and three workshops.
Reports on the 2013 Workshop Program of the Seventh International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media
Authors: Archambault Daniel , Celli Fabio , Daly Elizabeth M. , Erickson Ingrid , Geyer Werner , Halegoua Germaine , Keegan Brian , Millen David R. , Schwartz Raz , Shami N. Sadat
Published: July 2017

The Workshop Program of the Program of the Seventh International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media was held July 11, 2013, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The program included four workshops, Computational Personality Recognition (Shared Task) (WS‐13‐01), Social Computing for Workforce 2.0 (WS‐13‐02), Social Media Visualization 2 (WS‐13‐03), and When the City Meets the Citizen (WS‐13‐04). This report summarizes the activities of the four workshops.
Report on the Sixth Conference on Artificial General Intelligence
Authors: Kühnberger Kai‐Uwe , Rudolph Sebastian , Wang Pei
Published: July 2017

The Sixth Conference on Artificial General Intelligence (AGI‐13) was held from July 31 to August 3, 2013, in Beijing, China. This report summarizes the major events during the conference, as well as the main topics addressed.
Intelligent Learning Technologies Part 2: Applications of Artificial Intelligence to Contemporary and Emerging Educational Challenges
Authors: Chaudhri Vinay K. , Gunning Dave , Lane H. Chad , Roschelle Jeremy
Published: July 2017

The fall and winter issues of AI Magazine present articles on some of the most interesting projects at the intersection of AI and education. Included are articles on integrated systems such as virtual humans, an intelligent textbook, and a game‐based learning environment as well as technology‐focused components such as student models and data mining. This issue concludes with an article summarizing the contemporary and emerging challenges at the intersection of AI and education.
Natural Language Access to Enterprise Data
Authors: Waltinger Ulli , Tecuci Dan , Olteanu Mihaela , Mocanu Vlad , Sullivan Sean
Published: July 2017

This article describes USI Answers — a natural language question‐answering system for enterprise data. We report on the progress toward the goal of offering easy access to enterprise data to a large number of business users, most of whom are not familiar with the specific syntax or semantics of the underlying data sources. Additional complications come from the nature of the data, which comes both as structured and unstructured. The proposed solution allows users to express questions in natural language, makes apparent the system's interpretation of the query, and allows easy query adjustment and reformulation. The application is in use by more than 1500 users from Siemens Energy. We evaluate our approach on a data set consisting of feet data.
Report on the 35th Annual Cognitive Science Conference
Authors: Belardinelli Anna , Butz Martin V.
Published: July 2017

CogSci 2013, the 35th annual meeting of the Cognitive Science Society and the first to take place in Germany, was held from 31 July to 3 August. Cognitive scientists with varied backgrounds gathered in Berlin to report on and discuss expanding lines of research, spanning multiple fields but striving in one direction: to understand cognition with all its properties and peculiarities. A rich program featuring keynotes, symposia, workshops, and tutorials, along with regular oral and poster sessions, offered the attendees a vivid and exciting overview of where the discipline is going while serving as a fertile forum of interdisciplinary discussion and exchange. This report attempts to point out why this should matter to artificial intelligence as a whole.
Sequential Decision Making in Computational Sustainability Through Adaptive Submodularity
Authors: Krause Andreas , Golovin Daniel , Converse Sarah
Published: July 2017

Many problems in computational sustainability require making a sequence of decisions in complex, uncertain environments. Such problems are generally notoriously difficult. In this article, we review the recently discovered notion of adaptive submodularity, an intuitive diminishing returns condition that generalizes the classical notion of submodular set functions to sequential decision problems. Problems exhibiting the adaptive submodularity property can be efficiently and provably near‐optimally solved using simple myopic policies. We illustrate this concept in several case studies of interest in computational sustainability: First, we demonstrate how it can be used to efficiently plan for resolving uncertainty in adaptive management scenarios. Then, we show how it applies to dynamic conservation planning for protecting endangered species, a case study carried out in collaboration with the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Algorithm Selection for Combinatorial Search Problems: A Survey
Authors: Kotthoff Lars
Published: July 2017

The algorithm selection problem is concerned with selecting the best algorithm to solve a given problem instance on a case‐by‐case basis. It has become especially relevant in the last decade, with researchers increasingly investigating how to identify the most suitable existing algorithm for solving a problem instance instead of developing new algorithms. This survey presents an overview of this work focusing on the contributions made in the area of combinatorial search problems, where algorithm selection techniques have achieved significant performance improvements. We unify and organise the vast literature according to criteria that determine algorithm selection systems in practice. The comprehensive classification of approaches identifies and analyzes the different directions from which algorithm selection has been approached. This article contrasts and compares different methods for solving the problem as well as ways of using these solutions.
Computational Sustainability and Artificial Intelligence in the Developing World
Authors: Quinn John , Frias‐Martinez Vanessa , Subramanian Lakshminarayan
Published: July 2017

The developing regions of the world contain most of the human population and the planet's natural resources, and hence are particularly important to the study of sustainability. Despite some difficult problems in such places, a period of enormous technology‐driven change has created new opportunities to address poor management of resources and improve human well‐being.
Sustainable Policy Making: A Strategic Challenge for Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Milano Michela , O'Sullivan Barry , Gavanelli Marco
Published: July 2017

Policy making is an extremely complex process occurring in changing environments and affecting the three pillars of sustainable development: society, economy and the environment. Each political decision in fact implies some form of social reactions, it affects economic and financial aspects and has substantial environmental impacts. Improving decision making in this context could have a huge beneficial impact on all these aspects. There are a number of Artificial Intelligence techniques that could play an important role in improving the policy‐making process such as decision support and optimization techniques, game theory, data and opinion mining and agent‐based simulation. We outline here some potential use of AI technology as it emerged by the European Union (EU) EU FP7 project ePolicy: Engineering the Policy Making Life Cycle, and we identify some potential research challenges.
Automated Scheduling for NASA's Deep Space Network
Authors: Johnston Mark D. , Tran Daniel , Arroyo Belinda , Sorensen Sugi , Tay Peter , Carruth Butch , Coffman Adam , Wallace Mike
Published: July 2017

This article describes the Deep Space Network (DSN) scheduling engine (DSE) component of a new scheduling system being deployed for NASA's Deep Space Network. The DSE provides core automation functionality for scheduling the network, including the interpretation of scheduling requirements expressed by users, their elaboration into tracking passes, and the resolution of conflicts and constraint violations. The DSE incorporates both systematic search‐ and repair‐based algorithms, used for different phases and purposes in the overall system. It has been integrated with a web application that provides DSE functionality to all DSN users through a standard web browser, as part of a peer‐to‐peer schedule negotiation process for the entire network. The system has been deployed operationally and is in routine use, and is in the process of being extended to support long‐range planning and forecasting and near real‐time scheduling.
Why the Data Train Needs Semantic Rails
Authors: Janowicz Krzysztof , van Harmelen Frank , Hendler James A. , Hitzler Pascal
Published: July 2017

While catchphrases such as big data, smart data, data‐intensive science, or smart dust highlight different aspects, they share a common theme — namely, a shift toward a data‐centered perspective in which the synthesis and analysis of data at an ever‐increasing spatial, temporal, and thematic resolution promise new insights, while, at the same time, reduce the need for strong domain theories as starting points. In terms of the envisioned methodologies, those catchphrases tend to emphasize the role of predictive analytics, that is, statistical techniques including data mining and machine learning, as well as supercomputing. Interestingly, however, while this perspective takes the availability of data as a given, it does not answer the question how one would discover the required data in today's chaotic information universe, how one would understand which data sets can be meaningfully integrated, and how to communicate the results to humans and machines alike. The semantic web addresses these questions. In the following, we argue why the data train needs semantic rails. We point out that making sense of data and gaining new insights work best if inductive and deductive techniques go hand‐in‐hand instead of competing over the prerogative of interpretation.
Artificial Intelligence Research in Switzerland
Authors: Dessimoz Jean‐Daniel , Koehler Jana , Stadelmann Thilo
Published: July 2017

Although Switzerland is a small country, it is home to many internationally renowned universities and scientific institutions. The research landscape in Switzerland is rich, and AI‐related themes are investigated by many teams under diverse umbrellas. This column sheds some light on selected developments and trends on AI in Switzerland as perceived by members of the Special Interest group on Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science (SGAICO) organizational team, which for more than 30 years has brought together researchers from Switzerland interested in AI and cognitive science.
An End‐to‐End Conversational Second‐Screen Application for TV Program Discovery
Authors: Yeh Peter Z. , Ramachandran Deepak , Douglas Benjamin , Ratnaparkhi Adwait , Jarrold William , Provine Ronald , Patel‐Schneider Peter F. , Laverty Stephen , Tikku Nirvana , Brown Sean , Mendel Jeremy , Emfield Adam
Published: July 2017

In this article, we report on a multiphase R&D effort to develop a conversational second‐screen application for TV program discovery. Our goal is to share with the community the breadth of artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language (NL) technologies required to develop such an application along with learnings from target end users. We first give an overview of our application from the perspective of the end user. We then present the architecture of our application along with the main AI and NL components, which were developed over multiple phases. The first phase focuses on enabling core functionality such as effectively finding programs matching the user's intent. The second phase focuses on enabling dialogue with the user. Finally, we present two user studies, corresponding to these two phases. The results from both studies demonstrate the effectiveness of our application in the target domain.
A Summary of the Twenty‐Ninth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Koenig Sven , Bonet Blai , Cavazza Marc , desJardins Marie , Felner Ariel , Hawes Nick , Knox Brad , Konidaris George , Lang Jérôme , López Carlos Linares , Magazzeni Daniele , McGovern Amy , Natarajan Sriraam , Sturtevant Nathan R. , Thielscher Michael , Yeoh William , Sardina Sebastian , Wagstaff Kiri
Published: July 2017

The Twenty‐Ninth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI‐15) was held in January 2015 in Austin, Texas (USA) The conference program was cochaired by Sven Koenig and Blai Bonet. This report contains reflective summaries of the main conference, the robotics program, the AI and robotics workshop, the Virtual Agent Exhibition, the What's Hot track, the Competition Panel, the senior member track, student and outreach activities, the student abstract and poster program, the doctoral consortium, the women's mentoring event, and the demonstrations program.
Summary Report of the First International Competition on Computational Models of Argumentation
Authors: Thimm Matthias , Villata Serena , Cerutti Federico , Oren Nir , Strass Hannes , Vallati Mauro
Published: July 2017

We review the First International Competition on Computational Models of Argumentation (ICCMA'15). The competition evaluated submitted solvers' performance on four different computational tasks related to solving abstract argumentation frameworks. Each task evaluated solvers in ways that pushed the edge of existing performance by introducing new challenges. Despite being the first competition in this area, the high number of competitors entered, and differences in results, suggest that the competition will help shape the landscape of ongoing developments in argumentation theory solvers.
Artificial Intelligence to Win the Nobel Prize and Beyond: Creating the Engine for Scientific Discovery
Authors: Kitano Hiroaki
Published: July 2017

This article proposes a new grand challenge for AI: to develop an AI system that can make major scientific discoveries in biomedical sciences and that is worthy of a Nobel Prize. There are a series of human cognitive limitations that prevent us from making accelerated scientific discoveries, particularity in biomedical sciences. As a result, scientific discoveries are left at the level of a cottage industry. AI systems can transform scientific discoveries into highly efficient practices, thereby enabling us to expand our knowledge in unprecedented ways. Such systems may out‐compute all possible hypotheses and may redefine the nature of scientific intuition, hence the scientific discovery process.
WWTS (What Would Turing Say?)
Authors: Lenat Douglas B.
Published: July 2017

Turing's Imitation Game was a brilliant early proposed test of machine intelligence — one that is still compelling today, despite the fact that in the hindsight of all that we've learned in the intervening 65 years we can see the flaws in his original test. And our field needs a good “Is it AI yet?” test more than ever today, with so many of us spending our research time looking under the “shallow processing of big data” lamppost. If Turing were alive today, what sort of test might he propose?