bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ÖNERİ SİSTEMLERİNDE KULLANILAN PERFORMANS METRİKLERİNİN FİLTRELEME TEKNOLOJİLERİNE GÖRE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: İŞ ÖNERİ SİSTEMLERİ ALANI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: Bitirim Selin , Çelik Ertuğrul Duygu
Published: September 2024

Tavsiye Sistemleri (Recommendation Systems—RSs) sayesinde hemen hemen her sektörde (ör. e-ticaret, eğitim, eğlence, sağlık, insan kaynakları, reklamcılık, vb.) mevcut süreçlerin/operasyonların etkin bir biçimde yürütülebilmesi ve kullanıcının ilgisini çekebilecek öğelere öncelik verilmesi mümkün hale gelmiştir. RS'lerin katkısı ile, sektörel süreçlerin/hizmetlerin etkin şekilde yönetilmesi ve kullanıcılara kişiselleştirilmiş sonuçlar üretilmesi mümkündür. Bu çalışmada, RS ile ilgili araştırmaların gözden geçirilmesi, filtreleme teknikleri taksonomisinin ortaya çıkarılması ve geniş çapta rastlanan performans metriklerinin tespiti amaçlanmaktadır. Ayrıca, İnsan Kaynakları (İK) yönetiminin olmazsa olmazı olan İş Tavsiye Sistemleri bu çalışmada, araştırma sahası olarak seçilmiş olup performans metriklerinin ve öğe filtreleme yaklaşımlarının belirlenmesi planlanmıştır. RS mimarisi ve çözümleri üzerine, literatürden 2010-2023 yılları arasında yapılmış çeşitli çalışmalar ilgililik durumuna göre seçilmiş ve incelenmiştir. RS’lerde filtreleme teknikleri hiyerarşik olarak sınıflandırılmış ve performans değerlendirmelerinde kullanılan çoğunluk değerlendirme metrikleri saptanarak kategorize edilmiştir. Ayrıca, RS'lerden öğrenilen kazanımların İş Tavsiye Sistemleri’ndeki yansımaları araştırılmış ve IK alanındaki RS çözümleri/metrikleri ortaya konulmuştur. Son olarak, RS çözümleri üzerinde araştırma, geliştirme ve kalite değerlendirmeleri yapmak isteyen araştırmacılara, bu çalışmamız bir yol haritası niteliğindedir.
CLASSIFICATION OF CUSTOMER SENTIMENTS BASED ON ONLINE REVIEWS: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MACHINE LEARNING AND DEEP LEARNING ALGORITHMS
Authors: Sinap Vahid
Published: September 2024

E-commerce's transformation of consumer behavior has increased the importance of understanding customer emotions, especially in the transition from traditional retail models to online platforms. The proliferation of online shopping has fundamentally changed not only shopping habits but also consumer interactions and purchase decisions. This research aims to compare and analyze the performance of various text mining and machine learning algorithms in the context of sentiment analysis and online review data. For this purpose, analyses were performed with a total of five supervised classification algorithms including Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, AdaBoost, and a deep learning model, CNN Model. The dataset used in the study includes customer reviews obtained from a women's clothing e-commerce platform. The missing data were completed by pre-processing the dataset. Count Vectorizer and TF-IDF vectorization were performed to transform the textual data. In addition, various text preprocessing steps were applied. According to the findings obtained from the research, AdaBoost and Naive Bayes algorithms were the most effective algorithms in terms of classifying customer sentiments. No significant difference was detected in terms of the vectorization method used. Although the CNN Model showed high performance, the generalizability of the model was considered low because overfitting was detected during the training of the model.
POROZİTE ANALİZİNE DERİN ÖĞRENME YAKLAŞIMI: U-NET İLE DİNAMİK EŞİKLEME
Authors: Ervural Saim , Ertuş Emre Burak , Ceran Hüseyin Furkan
Published: September 2024

Gözenekli malzemelerin porozite değerinin belirlenmesinde birçok fiziksel yöntem kullanılmaktadır ve bu yöntemler genellikle maliyetli cihazlar marifetiyle uygulanmaktadır. Ayrıca malzemelerde farklı seviyelerde (mikro, mezo ve makro) gözeneklilik bulunması kullanılacak yöntem seçimini de etkilemektedir. Bunun yanında görüntü işleme yöntemleri kullanılarak da porozite değeri hesaplanabilmekte, böylece hem zaman hem de maliyet tasarrufu sağlanabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada görüntü işleme tekniğindeki eşik belirleme aşamasında ImageJ programı kullanılarak sayısal porozitesi eşikli görüntü olarak görüntü verisine aktarılmıştır. Oluşturulan eşikli etiket verileri ile girdi SEM görüntüleri eşlenmiş ve oluşturulan veriseti veri artırma teknikleri kullanılarak genişletilmiştir. Çalışmada evrişimli sinir ağlarının özelleşmiş bir versiyonu olan U-Net mimarisi kullanılmış ve U-Net mimarisi, mikroskop görüntülerini segmentlere ayırarak gözenekli bölgeleri belirlemiş ve bu segmentlerin eşiklenmiş görüntülerine dayalı olarak gözeneklilik değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Uygulamada literatürden elde edilen gözenekli malzemelerin SEM görüntüleri kullanılmış, etiket görüntüleri olarak ise Arşimet prensibindeki porozite değerlerine göre gözenekli malzemenin ikili çıktıları manuel olarak eşiklenerek kaydedilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda genel olarak fiziki ölçümlerle korelasyon sağlamış ve derin öğrenmeden faydalanılan dinamik eşikleme sayesinde klasik görüntü işleme yöntemlerine göre daha başarılı sonuçlar elde edilmiştir.
PREDICTING LUNG CANCER USING EXPLAINABLE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND BORUTA-SHAP METHODS
Authors: Akkur Erkan , Öztürk Ahmet Cankat
Published: September 2024

Machine learning algorithms, a popular approach for disease prediction in recent years, can also be used to predict lung cancer, which has fatal effects. A prediction model based on machine learning algorithms is proposed to predict lung cancer. Five decision tree-based algorithms were preferred as classifiers. The experiment was conducted on a publicly available data set that contained risk factors. The Boruta-SHAP approach was employed to reveal the most salient features in the dataset. The use of the feature selection method improved the performance of the classifiers in the prediction process. Experiments were conducted using all features and reduced features separately. When comparing all the classifiers' performances, the XGBoost algorithm produced the best prediction rate with an accuracy of 97.22% and an AUROC of 0.972. The proposed model has a good classification rate compared to similar studies in the literature. We used the SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanation) approach to investigate the effect of risk factors in the dataset on the model output. As a result, allergy was found to be the most significant risk factor for this disease.
GÖL ORTAMINDA OLUŞMUŞ BİTÜMLÜ KİLTAŞI ÇÖKELLERİNDE HAVZANIN PALEO-TUZLULUK İNCELEMELERİ: DİYATOME TÜRÜ ALGLERLE TUZLULUK ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ
Authors: Sarı Ali , Ismayılzada Kamal , Akıska Elif , Erol Fuat
Published: September 2024

Bitümlü şeyller ülkemizdeki pek çok kömür sahasında genel olarak kömürlü serilerin üst litolojilerinde gözlenmektedir. Bu litolojilerden bitümlü çamurtaşları genel olarak bitümlü şeyl ya da bitümlü marn şeklindedir ve bunların neredeyse tamamı tatlı göl suyu koşullarında çökelmiş olup organik madde türleri ise Tip-I kerojendir. Halbuki, inceleme konusu olan Ilgın Havzası'ndaki bitümlü kayaçlar bitümlü kiltaşı özelliğinde olup organik madde türü ise tuzlu göl suyu koşullarında yaşamış olan silis kavkılı diyatome türü alglere bağlı olarak, Tip-II kerojendir. Bu çalışmada, organik maddece çok zengin (%TOC-ort:33.36) olan bu kayaçların çökelim koşullarının daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için gölün tuzluluk koşulları ile organik maddeyi oluşturan diyatome türü algler arasındaki ilişki araştırılmıştır. Ilgın (Konya) bitümlü kiltaşının çökeldiği havzada yapılan paleo-tuzluluk incelemelerinde; Sr/Ba (1.32-5.24) ort: 2.870, Rb/K (0.0036-0.0089) ort:0.0062 ve %TOC/%S (0.38-3.36) ort:1.0033 olup, yapılan paleo-tuzluluk yeniden yapılandırmalarının birbirleriyle uyumlu oldukları ve gölün tuzlu su koşullarında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Detritik sedimanter kayaçlardaki silisyumun kaynağı ya detritik kaynaklı kuvars ya da biyojenik kavkı kaynaklı silisyumdur. Ilgın göl havzasında bitümlü kiltaşı örneklerindeki silisyumun tuzlu sığ göl suyu koşullarında yaşamış silis kavkılı diyatomelerden kaynaklandığı belirlenmiştir.
DUVAR YALITIM TİPLERİ VE CO2 EMİSYONLARI: SINIRDA KARBON DÜZENLEME MEKANİZMASINI TAMAMLAYICI BİREYSEL İYİLEŞTİRMELER ÇERÇEVESİNDE BİR İNCELEME
Authors: Canbolat Ahmet Serhan
Published: September 2024

Sınırda Karbon Düzenleme Mekanizması (SKDM) son zamanlarda sıklıkla duyulan bir konu haline gelmiştir. Genel olarak atmosfere salınan CO2 miktarını azaltmaya yönelik tedbirler içeren SKDM’ye bireysel olarak herkesin katkı sunması, farklı anlaşmalarla taahhüt ettiğimiz sıfır emisyona ulaşma politikası kapsamında ülkemiz için faydalı olacaktır. Karbon emisyonunun azalma potansiyeli en yüksek sektör olan inşaat sektöründe yapılan yalıtım uygulamaları bu çalışmanın ana konusudur. Bu kapsamda soğutma kaynaklı enerji ihtiyacından dolayı ortaya çıkan CO2 miktarları (operasyonel emisyon) ve duvar bileşenlerinin üretim sürecinden dolayı atmosfere salınan CO2 miktarları (gömülü emisyon) farklı duvar yapıları için hesaplanmıştır. Bu çalışma, olumsuz çevresel etkileri en aza indirmek amacıyla iki farklı senaryo üzerinde yapılan analizleri içermektedir. İlk senaryoda, altı farklı duvar yapısı oluşturulmuş ve her bir yapının, soğutma sezonunda atmosfere yaydığı emisyon miktarları detaylı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, çeşitli duvar tiplerinde atmosfere yayılan CO2 emisyon miktarları ve bu emisyonların kaynakları (enerji, yalıtım, sıva, beton), grafiksel olarak sunulmuştur. İkinci senaryoda ise duvarlara sonradan uygulanan farklı kalınlıklardaki yalıtımın, atmosfere salınan toplam emisyon miktarları üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiş olup, çevresel açıdan optimum yalıtım kalınlığı 10 cm olarak tespit edilmiş ve bu yalıtım kalınlığında atmosfere salınan CO2 miktarı 5,05 kg/m2 olarak hesaplanmıştır.
GÜVENDİK DAYK KARMAŞIĞI’NA AİT METAGRANİTLERİN ZİRKON U-Pb JEOKRONOLOJİSİ VE Lu-Hf İZOTOPLARI
Authors: Sar Abdullah , Kürüm Sevcan , Lee Hao-yang
Published: September 2024

Alp Himalaya Orojenik Kuşağı’nın önemli bir bölümünü oluşturan, Doğu Pontid Orojenik Kuşağı’nda yüzeyleyen Güvendik Dayk Karmaşığı’na ait birimler metagranitler ile temsil edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada inceleme konusu metagranitlere ait zirkon U-Pb jeokronolojisi ve zirkon Lu-Hf izotopları sunulmaktadır. Metagranitler petrografik olarak plajiyoklas, kuvars, K-feldispat, amfibol ve biyotit/muskovit minerallerinden oluşmakta olup granoblastik doku göstermektedir. Zirkon U-Pb jeokronoloji verilerine göre metagranit örneğinin kristalizasyon yaşı 206Pb/238U; 146 ± 13 My, metamorfizma yaşı ise 206Pb/238U verilerine göre 78,3 ± 1,4 My. dır. Magmatik kökenli zirkon minerallerinin 176Lu/177Hf izotop verileri 0,0008 ile 0,0026 aralığında değişmektedir. ƐHf(t) değerleri 6,01 ile 12,7 aralığında değişmekte olup pozitif değerler göstermektedir. TDM2 modal yaşları 0,40-0,81 Milyar yıldır. Metamorfik kökenli zirkon minerallerinin 176Lu/177Hf izotop verileri 0,0009 ile 0,0019 aralığında değişmektedir. ƐHf(t) değerleri 3,8 ile 5,9 aralığında değişmekte olup pozitif değerler sergilemektedir. TDM2 modal yaşları 0,76-0,89 Milyar yıldır. Pozitif ƐHf(t) değerleri metagranitlerin tüketilmiş manto kökeninden geldiğini göstermektedir.
LANDFILL LEACHATE TREATMENT VIA NANO ZERO VALENT IRON PARTICLES (nZVI) OF ADSORPTION PROCESS
Authors: Göçer Serdar , Zaimoğlu Zeynep , Cırık Kevser
Published: September 2024

Landfill leachate (LFL) is a significant environmental threat due to the complexity and diversity of contaminants. There are various physical, chemical, and biological treatment methods recommended for LFL treatment. Magnetic nanoparticles are widely used adsorbents with a successful effect compared to traditional adsorbents. Magnetic adsorbents are adsorbents with suitable stability, high adsorption capacity, high removal efficiency, and reusable capabilities. Nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) is an effective adsorbent to remove contaminants found in wastewater, especially LFL. In this study, nZVI was used in the LFL pretreatment. In the adsorption study, it was tested at increasing concentrations from 50 to 500mg nZVI/L, pHs from 3 to 8, and contact times from 15 to 330 minutes. System performance was evaluated with various pollutant parameters such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total nitrogen (TN), nitrate (NO3-), and ammonium (NH4+) found in garbage leachate. The removal efficiencies obtained at the end of the study were determined as 60%, 60%, 74%, 56% and 33%, respectively. As a result, the optimum conditions for the treatment of LFL by adsorption process using nZVI were determined as 50 mg nZVI/L, pH 8, and contact time 120 minutes.
MANTO PERİDOTİTLERİNDE KISMİ ERGİME VE METAZOMATİZMA ETKİSİ: KIZILDAĞ OFİYOLİTİ ÖRNEĞİ (HATAY, TÜRKİYE)
Authors: Rizeli Mustafa Eren , Bingol A. Feyzi , Sar Abdullah , Wang Kuo-lung
Published: September 2024

Kızıldağ Ofiyoliti GD Anadolu Ofiyolit Kuşağı’nda yer alır ve tabandan tavana doğru manto peridotitleri, mafik/ultramafik kümülatlar, izotropik gabrolar, levha-dayk karmaşığı, plajiyogranitler ve volkanik kayaçlardan oluşmaktadır. Manto peridotitlerinde yapılan detaylı arazi çalışmaları ve petrografik gözlemler neticesinde seçilen örneklerin tüm kayaç ana oksit ve iz ve NTE içerikleri belirlenmiştir. Genellikle harzburjit ve az miktarda dünitten oluşan kayaçlar taneli ve elek dokular sergilemektedir. İlksel üst mantoya bileşimine kıyasla farklı derecelerde tüketilmiş olan kayaçlar; düşük Al2O3, CaO, TiO2 ve yüksek MgO içeriklerine sahiptir. Bazı örneklerde yüksek çekim alanlı elementler ve büyük iyon çaplı elementlerin bir kısmında zenginleşmeler görülmektedir. Arazide peridotitleri kesen ortopiroksenit kanallarının varlığı; petrografik olarak ikincil klinopiroksen oluşukları, kurtçuk şekilli (worm-like) piroksen-spinel simplektitler, olivinlerin spineller içinde kapanımı; jeokimyasal olarak bazı örneklerdeki iz element zenginleşmeleri (Cs, Rb, Ti, Sr, Pb, Ce, Zr/Hf ve Th/La) yiten levhadan türeyen sulu akışkanların ve ergiyiklerin metazomatizmasının bir sonucudur. Sonuç olarak Kızıldağ manto peridotitleri, %20’den fazla oranda tüketilmiş ve yitim zonu ortamını karakterize eden metazomatizma kanıtları gösteren yay önü peridotitleridir. .
ALAŞIMLI ALÜMİNYUM BORU MALZEMELERDE BÜZME/ÇAP AZALTMA UYGULAMALARI
Authors: Taş Mustafa , Ekşi Abdul Kadir
Published: September 2024

Sanayide alüminyum malzemelere olan ilgi gün geçtikçe artmaktadır, özellikle ağırlık azaltma hedeflerini yakalayabilmek için malzeme değişikliklerinin temelinde çelikten alaşımlandırılmış alüminyum malzemelere geçiş yer almaktadır. Alaşımlandırılmış alüminyumlar yüksek korozyon direnci gerektiren havacılık uygulamalarında da ağırlık azaltma yönünde ön plana çıkmaktadır. Yüksek mukavemet sağlayarak ürünlerin ömürlerinde de artış ile olumlu katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada 12,7-28,6 mm arasında farklı çaplarda Al2024 T3 boru numunelere farklı büzme/çap azaltma işlemleri gerçekleştirilmiş ve T0, T42 ve kriyojenik ısıl işlemler uygulanmıştır. Büzme operasyonunun ürünlerin çap değişken parametresine göre deformasyon seviyeleri ölçülmüştür. Deformasyon yoğunluğunun arttığı ve bu artışın çekme dayanımı ve sertlik değerleri ile doğru orantılı olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. T3 ısıl işlemli borulara, T0-T42 ve kriyojenik ısıl işlem uygulamaları yapılmıştır. Bu uygulamalar ile mekanik dayanım, sertlik ve mikroyapı incelemeleri raporlanmıştır. Bu veriler ile büzme ve ısıl işlemin etkisi kıyaslanmıştır
ELAZIĞ’IN METEOROLOJİK VE TARIMSAL KURAKLIĞININ FARKLI KURAKLIK İNDİSLERİ KULLANILARAK DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: Kartal Veysi
Published: September 2024

Su insan hayatı için elzem olduğu gibi yaşayan tüm canlılar için de bir ihtiyaçtır. Dolayısıyla, suyun varlığı yaşamın devamı için gereklidir. Bu bağlamda suyun varlığını ya da eksikliğini yani kuraklığı incelemek için kuraklık indisleri yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, nedeni veya etkisi ne olursa olsun sürekli değişen iklim, su açığının sınırını zorlamaktadır. Elazığ gölleri, akarsuları ve yeraltı suları olmak üzere çeşitli su kaynaklarına sahip ve Türkiye'nin tarımında (kayısı meyvesi üretimi) önemli bir şehirdir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'nin Doğu bölgesinde yer alan Elazığ’ın kuraklığını araştırmak için 1979-2022 yılları arasında 8 meteoroloji istasyonundan elde edilen uzun vadeli yağış, sıcaklık ve buharlaşma kayıtları kullanılmıştır. Mevcut çalışmada, kuraklığı değerlendirmek için aylık ve yıllık zaman periyodları kullanılarak meteorolojik kuraklık için Standartlaştırılmış Yağış İndeksi (SPI) ve Keşif Kuraklık İndeksi (RDI), tarımsal kuraklık için ise Etkili Keşif Kuraklık İndeksi (eRDI) kullanılmıştır. Veri analizi için Sen eğimi ve Petttitt testi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma alanı boyunca kuraklık indis sonuçlarının neredeyse aynı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Özellikle Ağın ve Baskil ilçelerinin kuraklıkla karşı karşıya olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Mevcut çalışmada, meteorolojik ve tarımsal kuraklık için şiddetli kuraklık dönemler olmasına rağmen, genel olarak normal kuraklık seviyeleri gözlemlenmiştir. Ancak yine de bazı istasyonlarda aşırı kurak veya aşırı yağışlı dönemler de gözlemlenmiştir.
BASINÇ VE EĞİLME ALTINDAKİ ELİPTİK KOLONLARIN TAŞIMA KAPASİTELERİNİN ESNEK HESAPLAMA YÖNTEMLERİ İLE TAHMİNİ
Authors: Kurt Mehmet , Güneyisi Esra Mete , Mermerdaş Kasım
Published: September 2024

Son yıllarda hem yüksek mukavemeti hem de sıcak veya soğuk haddelenmiş olarak bulunması sebebiyle, eliptik profillerin kullanımına yönelik ilgi artmaktadır. Eliptik kesitler içsel estetik özelliklerinin yanı sıra küçük ve büyük eksen özelliklerine sahip olmaları ile avantaj sağlamaktadırlar. Sunulan çalışmada esnek hesaplama yöntemlerinden gen ekspresyonu programlama ve yapay sinir ağları yöntemleri kullanılarak, basınç ve eğilme etkisindeki eliptik kesitli çelik boru profilden oluşturulmuş kolonlarının maksimum yük taşıma kapasitelerinin tahmini için sayısal modeller geliştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla, mevcut literatürdeki deneysel veriler kullanılarak modellerin eğitimi ve doğrulaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada kullanılan eliptik kolonlar, küçük ve büyük eksenleri dikkate alınarak dışmerkezli ve merkezi eksenel yük altında eğilme burkulması testine tabi tutulmuştur. Modellemede dokuz farklı değişken kullanılmıştır. Bunlar burkulma ekseni, y ve z yönlerindeki dışmerkezlik değeri, kesitin büyük ve küçük dış çapları, cidar kalınlığı, çeliğin akma dayanımı, çekme dayanımı ve eleman boyudur. Elde edilen bu modeller istatistik açıdan irdelenmiştir. Ayrıca, önerilen modellerin güvenilirliği ve tekrarlanabilirliği gerçek deneysel verilerle karşılaştırılmalı olarak analiz edilmiş; önerilen gen ekspresyonu programlama modeli ile deneysel veriler arasında korelasyonun test veri kümesi için 0,84 olduğu, diğer taraftan yapay sinir ağları modeli için ise bu değerin 0,99 olduğu görülmüştür.
AKDAĞMADENİ (YOZGAT) CİVARINDAKİ PLÜTONİK KAYAÇLARIN PETROLOJİK ÖZELLİKLERİ
Authors: Otlu Nazmi
Published: September 2024

Akdağmadeni (Yozgat) civarında yer alan plütonik birimler, Orta Anadolu Kristalin Karmaşığı (OAKK) içinde değerlendirilmektedir. Ortaköy Granitoyidi olarak adlanan plütonik birimler, Yıldızeli Metasedimanter Grubu’na ait litodemleri keserek bölgeye yerleşmiştir. Ortaköy Granitoyidi, tek bir magmadan itibaren katılaşmış olup, tanesel dokulu granitoyidler ve K-feldispat megakristalli granitoyidler olarak incelenmiştir. Tanesel dokulu granitoyidler, K-feldispat megakristalli granitoyidlerden nispeten daha önce kristallenmiştir. Tanesel dokulu granitoyidler; ağırlıklı olarak siyenit ve daha az oranda da kuvars siyenit, kuvars monzonit, siyenogranit, monzogranit ve granodiyorit bileşimlidir. K-feldispat megakristalli granitoyidler ise; monzogranit bileşimli olup, bazı örnekler, granodiyorit, siyenogranit ve kuvars siyenit bileşimlidir. K-feldispat megakristalli granitoyidler içinde, magma odasının dış zonunda, hızlı soğuma ürünü olan, farklı boyutlarda, tanesel dokulu felsik magmatik anklavlar (felsic magmatic enclaves: FME) gözlenmiştir. Ortaköy Granitoyidi subalkalin, alkali-kalsik karakterli olup, kalkalkalin dağılım göstermektedir. Birim, peralümino karakterli olup, Fraksiyonlanmamış M-I-S Tipi Granitoyidler (OTG)” ve I-S tipi granitoyidler kökenini göstermektedir. Ortaköy Granitoyidi’ nin levha tektoniği ile ilişkili olarak yerleşme sürecinin, “geç orojenez” dönemi olduğu görülmektedir. Birim “Levha içi Granitoyidler (WPG)” olarak konumlanmıştır.
INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS IN THE SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION STUDIES OF THE GRAPHENE HYBRIDS
Authors: Mohammed Zaman Adnan , Kılıçaslan Derya , Karabörk Muharrem
Published: September 2024

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of using a graphene-based hybrid material as a substance that can attract and separate other substances in a solid-phase extraction process. The goal is to reduce the potential adverse effects of Pb(II) and Hg(II) metal ions on human health and the environment. Graphene oxide was produced on graphite using the Hummers process during the early phase, which involved the use of potent oxidizers. Afterwards, graphene oxide (GO) was treated with 3-(trimethoxycylene)propylamine to silanize it. Then, the silanized GO was combined with 3,5-dichloro-salisylaldehyde to create the graphen-Schiff base material. The structure of the compounds was determined at each stage of synthesis using a range of analytical techniques, such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The study investigated the influence of pH, temperature, contact time, and other material characteristics on adsorption. The study demonstrated that the graphene-based hybrid material is highly efficient at adsorbing heavy metal ions from both waste and drinking water. This demonstrates the potential of graphene in environmental applications, as it can effectively remove heavy metal contaminants.
COMPARISON OF RIGID PAVEMENT DESIGNS FOR AIRPORT RUNWAYS UNDER STRONG AND WEAK GROUND CONDITIONS AT LOW AND HIGH TRAFFIC AIRPORTS
Authors: Hansu Osman , Taysi Nildem , Uzunkodalak Aksoy Dilan
Published: September 2024

In this study, the FAARFIELD program was used to evaluate the construction of rigid pavements for the airport under different soil conditions, aircraft types, and annual traffic loads (number of take-offs). This is because take-off movements are important parameters for runway strength in design. In addition, gross weight values for each aircraft type were entered into the system and obtained from the system with annual tariff growth rates. For pavement life, 20-year periods were considered. The study includes 2 different traffic loads: low and high traffic. The high traffic study is an example of 1 year of flight operations (1 year of total departures for each aircraft type) at a hub airport with +50 million passengers per year. Low traffic is Air Traffic Management (ATM) traffic for 1 year of total departures at a small local/regional airport. The CBR (California Bearing Ratio) value was taken as 5 for low strength soil and CBR=15 for good soil. CDF (Cumulative Damage Factor) and P/C values were examined in the results of the data obtained from the analysis of rigid pavement designs for airport runways under strong and weak soil conditions for low and high traffic airports with the FAARFIELD program.
DETERMINATION OF PI COEFFICIENTS IN SPEED CONTROL OF BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR WITH GRAY WOLF OPTIMIZATION AND FPGA APPLICATION
Authors: Benteşen Yakut Yurdagül
Published: September 2024

DC motors are widely utilized in various industries due to their efficiency, longevity, and adjustable speed settings. Effective control of these motors is crucial, given their broad application range. As applications vary, so do the controlled motor parameters, necessitating control systems that are suitable for industrial use. However, standard controllers often face challenges due to the non-linear and uncertain nature of the mathematical models involved. This study aims to introduce a novel approach by employing Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) to determine the PI coefficients for brushless DC motor speed control, which is then implemented on an FPGA. During the study, a control strategy model for the BLDC motor was developed using MATLAB/Simulink. The motor’s speed was gradually increased from 300 to 600 and 900 rpm at specific intervals to calculate the controller coefficients. The GWO technique optimized the PI parameters, Kp and Ki, using the ITAE cost function. The results showed an improvement in speed control when comparing the conventional PI and GWO-PI controllers to the reference speed, with GWO-PI achieving closer adherence. As opposed to most studies that focus on simulations, this research tested the model using hardware, specifically the BASYS3 FPGA training card, demonstrating that the BLDC motor can operate at higher speeds in industrial settings with the optimized GWO-PI approach.
FACILE ULTRASONIC-ASSISTED ZIF-67 SYNTHESIS AND USE IN PHENOL REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
Authors: Geçgel Cihan
Published: September 2024

Recently, water-stable ZIF MOFs, a new material class with a very large surface area, have attracted attention for the removal of organic pollutants. This type of MOF's excellent adsorption capacities, large pore volumes, and recyclability performances stand out compared to many other adsorbents. In this work, the ZIF-67 structure, a cobalt-containing ZIF, was synthesized using the ultrasound-assisted solvothermal method, and its phenol adsorption performance was investigated. The characterization of the ZIF-67 structure was carried out by SEM-EDS, XRD, FTIR, and nitrogen adsorption analyses. Nitrogen adsorption data showed that ZIF-67 had microporosity, and the surface area calculated from the BET model was 1656 m2/g. To synthesize ZIF-67, optimization of phenol adsorption, one of the important pollutants in water, was investigated by response surface method (RSM) for initial phenol concentration, adsorbent concentration, pH, and temperature variables. At the operating levels determined by RSM, the most effective removal of 92.2% was obtained at 30°C, 1 g/L adsorbent concentration, 20 mg/L initial phenol concentration, and pH 6.5. The adsorption isotherm of phenol onto ZIF-67 was fit to the Langmuir model, which is a monolayer interaction. According to the Langmuir isotherm model, the maximum phenol adsorption capacity of ZIF-67 was determined as 303.0 mg/g.
HARÇ ATIĞI İKAMELİ MİKRO BETONLARDA SERTLEŞMİŞ HAL VE MİKROYAPI DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: Akgül Melek , Hansu Osman
Published: September 2024

İnşaat yıkıntı atığının sürdürülebilirlik ve geri dönüşüm süreçlerine dahil edilme çalışmaları özellikle yıkım gücü büyük depremler ve kentsel dönüşüm stratejileri sonrası hız kazanmıştır. Bu deneysel çalışmada, İnşaat Harç Atığı (HA)’nın CEM-I 42,5R çimentoya hacimce değişken oranlarda ikame edilmesi ile tasarlanan Mikro Beton (MB)’ların fiziksel, mekanik, durabilite ve mikroyapı özellikleri incelenmiştir. HA çimentoya hacimce %0, %5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 oranlarında ikame edilmiştir. Referans setinde kullanılan bağlayıcı miktarı 830 kg/m3’tür. Tüm MB karışımlarında su ve Silis Dumanı (SD) miktarı sabittir ve sırasıyla 400 kg/m3 ve 150 kg/m3 olarak tasarımda kullanılmıştır. 20 ± 2 °C sıcaklıkta kirece doygun su kürü 7 ve 28 gün olmak üzere iki farklı periyotta uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca birer takım numune 28 gün su kürü sonrası 56. ve 90. güne kadar laboratuvar ortamında bekletilmiştir. İlgili deney günlerinde sertleşmiş numuneler ile bir dizi fiziksel, mekanik ve durabilite deneyleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Mikroyapı analizi değerlendirmeleri 28 günlük su kürü sonrası %0, %15 ve %30 HA ikameli numuneler ve karışımda kullanılan HA’nın X-ışını Difraktometresi (XRD) verilerden sağlanmıştır. Tüm veriler karşılaştırmalı grafikler ile sunulmuştur. Sonuç olarak, %10 HA’nın ikame edildiği 7 ve 28 günlük numunelerde mekanik özellikleri iyileşmesine rağmen, bu oran dahil tüm ikame oranlarında ve sonraki yaşlarda mukavemet kayıpları gözlenmiştir.
Cervical cancer in pregnancy: a case report
Authors: Hariram Aravinda , Koomson Matthew
Published: September 2024

Cancers during pregnancy are uncommon, with the latest mothers and babies: reducing risk through audits and confidential enquiries across the UK (MBRRACE) report (2023) indicating cancers account for 2% of maternal deaths, highlighting the need for early detection. Cervical cancer, the most common gynecological malignancy in pregnancy, has an incidence of 0.1 to 12.0 per 10,000 pregnancies. The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is expected to significantly reduce cervical cancer rates. We present a case of a 37-year-old multiparous woman with cervical cancer who declined investigations during pregnancy. A white-British woman in her mid-30s presented at 19 weeks gestation with vaginal bleeding. She had low compliance with cervical screening. Despite multiple referrals, she declined urgent colposcopy. At 38 weeks, she had a spontaneous rupture of membranes but did not progress in labor. A cesarean section revealed no tumor in the lower segment. Postnatal examination identified invasive cervical cancer extending to the anterior vagina. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) confirmed stage IIIC1r cervical cancer. The patient underwent successful cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy and was tumor-free at the three-month review. Cervical screening is crucial for early cancer detection and intervention. Reduced participation in screening programs increases the incidence of advanced-stage cervical cancer. Managing patients who decline screening requires a compassionate approach and strategic efforts to encourage compliance. Physiological changes during pregnancy can obscure cancer symptoms, leading to delayed diagnoses and limited treatment options due to fetal risks. Advanced cervical cancer treatment during pregnancy often involves chemotherapy, with radical surgery considered for patients responding well to induction chemotherapy. Evolving follow-up strategies suggest prolonged monitoring due to delayed recurrences when chemotherapy is incorporated.
A case report of trisomy 16 with mosaicism with intrauterine growth restriction
Authors: Saleem Raisham , Mehboob Rabia , Aupont Jean , Ahmed Mustafa
Published: September 2024

Trisomy 16 is one the common cause of miscarriages in the 1st and 2nd trimesters. Trisomy 16 mosaicism is rarely detected by amniocentesis in the second trimester. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is one of the common outcomes of mosaic trisomy 16. Hence, we report a case of trisomy 16 mosaicism diagnosed by the cytogenetic analysis of amniotic fluid cells. The baby had an intrauterine growth restriction and interestingly her karyotype was normal. As trisomy 16 mosaic fetuses does not have a characteristic phenotype, it is recommended to inform the possibility of mosaicisms including this trisomy 16 mosaicism during prenatal genetic diagnosis and genetic counselling for parents.
Model preparation-an effective teaching-learning tool in microbiology
Authors: Tripathi Purti C. , Singh Himanshu , Suryawanshi Rahul Kumar
Published: September 2024

Background: Learning by doing has retention rate of 75%. Working model preparation helps in better understanding of concepts by the students and improves their confidence. They will have a prolonged retention of the topic and its concept thus developing a scientific approach and attitude. The aims were to study the perception of the students for model making, to create students understanding of three-dimensional view of microbiology and to motivate the students to learn microbiology in a better and easy way.
Methods: The study was conducted at the department of microbiology, CIMS, Chhindwara. Study participants were second phase MBBS student’s of 2019 batch. 20 Topics were allotted for model preparation. 100 students were divided in 5 different batches. Guidance for model preparation was provided by a mentor of the department. Cost-effective materials such as cardboard, thermocol, paper was used by the students. One week time was given to the students for model preparation. Fifteen days after submission of model a competition was held to motivate students.
Results: Most of the students enjoyed the activity, found it useful, interesting, helpful in understanding the concept of the subject, helpful in building logical thinking and gained confidence about the subject.
Conclusions: This activity helped the students to showcase their cognitive, psychomotor and communication skills. Constant motivation by teachers to the students shows that slow learners could try to perform well after looking at the other team members.
Decentralized planning for non-communicable diseases: protocol for an explanatory study of local self-government projects in Kerala, India
Authors: Sujatha Chintha , Kannan Srinivasan
Published: September 2024

Background: Priority setting and resource allocation in decentralised planning is often not in line with the social and economic burden associated with non-communicable diseases (NCD). This is a protocol developed for the purpose of analysing the pattern of budgetary allocation and utilisation of funds for health sector projects on non-communicable diseases by the local self-government (LSG) institutions in Kerala. It is also proposed to document the processes along with the stakeholders’ role in planning.
Methods: Following explanatory design, first we will do secondary data analysis of health sector projects on NCD fund allocation and utilisation, followed by document analysis and key informant interviews in LSGs at selected districts of Kerala. Following policy framework used in public health related policy processes, will perform descriptive analysis, based on stages heuristic in decentralised planning. Multiple dimensions of priority setting and allocation process will be studied. Explanatory analysis for resource allocation process will be studied using Kingdon’s multiple streams framework.
Conclusions: The study will help in understanding the decision-making process for fund allocation with the specific focus on NCD. It will also help in building an evidenced based framework for decentralized health planning.
Trial Registration: No: SCT/IEC/1849/FEBRUARY/2022.
Early functional restoration in cleft patients by presurgical infantile orthopedics with follow up
Authors: Thapa Amrit , Kadu Abhijeet , Ray Saugat , Walia B. S. , Antil Amit , Kumar Andrews Navin
Published: September 2024

Cleft lip and palate present significant surgical challenges, particularly in cases of extensive clefts associated with severe nasolabial deformities. This case series focuses on the role of presurgical naso alveolar molding (PNAM) in improving surgical outcomes by reducing cleft deformities and enhancing facial symmetry. PNAM, combined with nasal stenting and presurgical orthopedics, aids in aligning the segments of the alveolar cleft and correcting nasal cartilage asymmetry. The study involved bilateral and unilateral cleft repairs, utilizing the Randall's modification of tennison triangular flap for unilateral cases and the Millard-Mulliken procedure for bilateral full clefts. Precise preoperative marking, meticulous tissue rearrangement, and multi-layer closure were key to achieving optimal results. Postoperative care included close monitoring, with skin sutures removed on the fifth day. The results align with existing literature, demonstrating the effectiveness of PNAM in narrowing the cleft and achieving nasal symmetry. This case series highlights the importance of early intervention and the application of PNAM plates in the comprehensive treatment of cleft lip and palate, contributing to favorable outcomes in reconstructive surgery.
Revision arthrodesis in a failed knee arthrodesis for a giant cell tumor excision of distal femur: a case report
Authors: Rai Aman , Suriyakumar Sundar , Harshvardhan J. K. Giriraj
Published: September 2024

Giant cell tumor is a benign tumor with locally aggressive behaviour. It is common in 20–40 years of age group. Common location of the tumor includes distal end of femur, proximal end of tibia. It is slightly more common in females than males. We present a case of forty-four years-old lady with a persistent swelling over her left knee and was diagnosed with a distal femur giant cell tumor. After a wide excision, dual free fibula grafting and arthrodesis of the knee with a long nail was performed. However, she experienced pain and progressive deformity three years after surgery. X-rays revealed the failure of union of the free fibula graft to the residual femur and the breakage of the nail at that site. A revision arthrodesis was performed with removal of implant and stabilizing the non-united ends with dual plating with bone grafting from lateral tibial condyle and bone graft substitutes. She was discharged with left side non weight bearing mobilization with walker support and was started on full weight-bearing mobilization after one year with satisfactory union on X-rays.
Long-term outcomes of caudal epidural steroid injection in failed back surgery syndrome patients with loss of resistance technique
Authors: Bamroongshawgasame Thana
Published: September 2024

Background: Failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) is a complicated issue with various treatment approaches. This retrospective study assesses the success and safety of caudal epidural steroid injection (CESI) in FBSS patients utilizing the loss of resistance (LOR) strategy, focusing on long-term outcomes lasting up to two years.
Methods: The 75 FBSS patients had CESI with triamcinolone and normal saline under local anesthesia. The visual analog score (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), and patient satisfaction score (PSS) were measured at pre-intervention and 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months following the procedure.
Result: Majority of patients (57.33%) reported bilateral sciatica, with recurrent disc herniation (54.67%) being the most prevalent MRI finding. Significant improvements (p<0.001) in VAS, ODI, and PSS scores were seen in all subsequent periods. Furthermore, no significant issues reported, demonstrating the safety and effectiveness of CESI with LOR.
Conclusions: CESI with the LOR technique is helpful treatment in FBSS at three, six, twelve, eighteen, and twenty-four months. It is easy to perform, less technically demanding, has low complications, and lower costs than surgery.     A CESI may offer an alternative approach to managing FBSS for short-term and long-term outcomes.
Careers after pharmacy graduation in India: Comprehensive view
Authors: Nerkar Amit G.
Published: September 2024

There are plethora of courses to be studied for professional career after Pharmacy Graduation (B. Pharm). Some gain you clinical practice at rural sites while others gain you career path ahead to lead you to postgraduate life. Whether a diploma or a degree, courses done after graduation are called as postgraduate diplomas and degrees respectively. However we should have basic understanding of Pharmacy courses while adopting a professional career and of course a practice of profession whether in clinical set up at rural and urban areas or whether simply as a pharmacist at Hospital or Community Pharmacy setup. This comprehensive editorial describes the career options after graduation in pharmacy and legalities to practice whether a clinic or pharmacy or both in India.
Evolution and applications of CRISPR-Cas9 technology in last decade
Authors: Nerkar Amit G. , Banginwar Yogesh , Dawande Ashok
Published: September 2024

CRISPR-Cas9 technology has rapidly evolved and expanded its applications since its inception in 2015. This research paper provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements and applications of CRISPR-Cas9 technology from 2015 to 2023. We review key milestones in CRISPR-Cas9 research, including improvements in genome editing efficiency, novel applications in gene therapy and biotechnology, and emerging trends in CRISPR-based diagnostics and therapeutics. Additionally, we discuss the ethical considerations, regulatory challenges, and future prospects of CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Through a thorough analysis of the literature spanning nearly a decade, this paper aims to highlight the transformative impact of CRISPR-Cas9 technology on biomedical research and its potential for addressing pressing societal challenges.
Exploring the antifungal properties of neem (Azadirachta indica) during: A comprehensive review (2010-2020)
Authors: Kale Swati , Kaldoke Arati , Rane Prasad
Published: September 2024

Neem (Azadirachta indica) is a versatile medicinal plant with a long history of use in traditional medicine systems. Among its various therapeutic properties, neem has gained attention for its potent antifungal activity. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the antifungal properties of neem, highlighting its mechanisms of action, efficacy against fungal pathogens, and potential applications in clinical and agricultural settings. By synthesizing findings from a wide range of research studies, this review aims to deepen our understanding of neem's antifungal properties and explore its potential as a natural alternative for combating fungal infections.
Comprehensive investigation of two substituted benzimidazoles: Design, synthesis, biological assessment, and characterization
Authors: Narasimhan Gopinathan , Gokul kumar K  , Balalji B , Naachiar Azhagu , Khiren S  , Harikrishnan N
Published: September 2024

Benzimidazole is a bicyclic molecule that is mostly used in medicinal chemistry. The 2-substituted benzimidazoles that are now on the market include omeprazole, flubendazole, mebendazole, and albendazole. Antioxidants are compounds that impede the oxidation process, which is the chemical process that produces free radicals. A computational technique called "in-silico screening" is used in drug discovery to effectively estimate a molecule's likelihood of interacting with a target of interest. Antihelminthics are a class of antiparasitic drugs that either kill or paralyze internal parasites like parasitic worms, all without endangering the host.

A standard procedure was used to create the 2-substituted benzimidazole. PyRx software was used to do the in-silico screening for anthelmintic drugs. The DPPH and ABTS methods were used to measure the antioxidant activity.

Melting point, TLC, and IR spectra were used to confirm the structures of the produced compounds. The binding affinity for sulphosalicylic acid in the anthelmentic in silico screening was -7.7. Salicylic acid demonstrated excellent antioxidant activity, as seen by its IC50 values of less than 5 mg/ml for the ABTS method and 37 mg/ml for the DPPH method.

Overall, the combination of theoretical and practical yield data, along with melting points, ATR Spectra and Rf values, offers valuable insights into the synthesis and characterization of chemical compounds. The salicylic acid derivative exhibits good antioxidant activity by both the methods. The Sulphosalicylic acid derivative shows prominent In-silico anthelmintic activity result hence the synthesized compounds can be tested for anthelmintic activity in future.
Formulation and evaluation of herbal microsphere gel
Authors: Agrawal Ankit , Jadhav Parool , Shukla Honey , Jain Sourabh D , Gupta Arun Kumar
Published: September 2024

Formulation and evaluation of herbal microsphere gel involves designing a gel-based delivery system for herbal active ingredients encapsulated within microspheres. The process typically includes selecting suitable herbal extracts, encapsulating them into microspheres using techniques like solvent evaporation or emulsion-solvent evaporation, and then incorporating these microspheres into a gel base. Evaluation criteria may include physical characteristics (particle size, morphology), drug release kinetics, rheological properties, stability, and efficacy of the herbal ingredients. This approach aims to enhance the stability, controlled release, and therapeutic efficacy of herbal compounds, offering potential applications in various fields including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and personal care products. This present study demonstrated the effectiveness of carbopol based herbal gel containing extracts of tamarind possessing antibacterial activity. Thus, the formulated herbal gel incorporated with tamarind extracts show great promises in the management of antibacterial activity. Gel loaded with microspheres of tamarind was prepared with aim to deliver the drug which passes through transdermal route as it provides quick onset of action when compared to oral route. This gel loaded with microspheres of tamarind was successfully prepared using solvent evaporation method.
Antimicrobial activity of compound VG2: Part-III
Authors: Nerkar Amit , Ingawale Deepali Gaikwad , Gaikwad Vijay
Published: September 2024

In earlier paper, the synthesis of VG2 (benzamide derivative) was reported. The antimicrobial activity of VG2has been reported in part-II in continuation of part-I synthesis of the VG2. The compound was evaluated at single dose of 20nmoles in the antimicrobial screening. The mixture of microbial culture was evaluated against the VG2.The process involved standard, vehicle and control. The standard being Brand X disinfectant, control being Water and vehicle being ethanol. Test being the compound VG2 dissolved in ethanol, 20nmoles in strength and being evaluated.
Islamic Therapy and Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (SEFT) Interventions in Reducing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) for Survivors of Mount Semeru Eruption
Authors: Ghufron Muhammad , Abdul Haris Fitri Anto
Published: September 2024

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of Islamic and spiritual emotional freedom technique (SEFT) interventions in reducing the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among the survivors of the Mount Semeru eruption. This research has three phases: 1) Mapping the PTSD levels among survivors (n = 250); 2) Randomly choosing the survivor with PTSD to engage in either intervention: Islamic therapy (n = 10), or SEFT (n = 12); 3) post-intervention interview to describe the PTSD state post-intervention (n = 3). The first phase employed the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) to collect PTSD information among 250 survivors and then discovered that the mean of survivors’ PTSD levels was moderate. The second phase was executed using a two-group pretest-posttest design and then analysed using a Wilcoxon-signed rank test; it revealed that either group significantly reduced the PTSD level among the survivors. Furthermore, the post-test results of both groups displayed no significant discrepancy. The third phase qualitatively confirmed that the PTSD level among the survivors was reduced after the intervention. Moreover, aside from intervention results, the interview exhibited that internal and external factors also determined PTSD development. The implication of the finding will be discussed further.
Halal Awareness: Mediation of Religious Beliefs and Halal Certification in Choosing Halal Food Through An Online Food Delivery Application
Authors: Helti Nur Aisyiah  , Septi Kurnia Prastiwi  , Asep Maulana Rohimat
Published: September 2024

The prevalence of online food delivery applications for purchasing food has surged, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Various factors play a role in influencing food choices among buyers, with religious beliefs, halal certification, and halal awareness being significant contributors. This research focuses on examining the impact of these three variables on the food choices of Muslim millennials in Soloraya who also serve as respondents in this study. The independent variables are religious belief and halal certification, while halal awareness functions as a mediating variable, and halal food purchasing serves as the dependent variable.Employing a quantitative approach and utilizing the AMOS application for data processing, the study reveals that religious belief does not affect halal food purchasing, halal certification positively influences such choices, and halal awareness does not mediate the impact of religious belief and halal certification on halal food purchasing. The findings contribute to online food delivery service providers by encouraging the inclusion of halal information in their applications, prompting halal certification organizations to enhance socialization efforts regarding the significance of certification, and urging the public to elevate religious belief and halal awareness.