bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ЗНАЧЕНИЕ РЕЧЕВОГО ЭТИКЕТА В ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ СОТРУДНИКА МВД
Authors: Perepelitsyna Yuliya Rostislavovna , Narykova Natalija Alekseevna , Khatagova Svetlana Viktorovna
Published: December 2020

Цель: определить роль речевого этикета, его специфику и функции в профессиональной деятельности сотрудников МВД; показать взаимосвязь понятий «речь», «речевой этикет» и «культура речи»; подчеркнуть значимость принципа вежливости и принципа кооперации в речевой практике представителей правоохранительных органов. Материалом исследования послужили словари и справочники по речевому этикету, официальные документы, регламентирующие деятельность сотрудника МВД, служебные и процессуальные документы, составляемые сотрудниками МВД, а также личные наблюдения. Предметом исследования являются этикетные формулы и оптимальные языковые средства, используемые в устной и письменной речи сотрудников МВД.Методы исследования. Для осмысления проблемы речевого этикета в профессиональной деятельности сотрудников МВД в статье применяются следующие методы исследования: метод анализа, метод классификации, метод наблюдения. С помощью системного подхода обеспечивается аналитическое описание проблемы речевого этикета в деятельности представителей охраны правопорядка.Результаты работы. Доказано, что речевой этикет предполагает высокий уровень культуры речи, владение нормами русского языка, а также соблюдение принципа вежливости и принципа кооперации и в целом является одним из основных компонентов профессиональной деятельности сотрудников МВД, будучи связан с компетенциями профессионального общения представителей правоохранительных органов.Область применения результатов. Материалы статьи могут быть полезны для слушателей, обучающихся по программам профессионального образования, дополнительной профессиональной подготовки, переподготовки и повышения квалификации сотрудников МВД, и могут использоваться в процессе овладения нормами речевого этикета, на практических занятиях по устной речи, профессиональной этике, служебному этикету и риторике.
ЯЗЫКОВАЯ ЭКОНОМИЯ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ АНГЛОЯЗЫЧНОМ ИНТЕРНЕТ-ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ПУБЛИКАЦИЙ О ПРЕДВЫБОРНОЙ КАМПАНИИ В США)
Authors: Samboruk Liudmila Aleksandrovna
Published: December 2020

Взаимодействие медиакультурных маркеров в контексте межкультурной коммуникации оказывает влияние как на расширение тематики публикаций в социальной сети, так и на распространение англоязычных тенденций с целью успешной адаптации к условиям иностранной коммуникативной реальности, что требует подробного изучения в терминах современной науки о языке, включая закон экономии языковых средств.Цель. В статье содержится описание итогов научного осмысления роли и места средств языковой экономии в определенном типе англоязычного текстового интернет-пространства, которое базируется на взаимодействии лингвокультурных маркеров в контексте социальной сети TWITTER.Метод или методология проведения работы. В настоящем исследовании используются следующие общенаучные методы исследования: описательный метод, метод наблюдения, методы количественной оценки и классификации, сопровождаемые такими специальными методами, как системный подход к лингвистическому и семантическому анализу, элементы дискурсивного анализа.Результаты. Анализ средств ускорения передачи информации в англоязычных интернет текстах Твиттера позволил сделать вывод о том, что основными видами компрессии информации в текстах сети являются различные виды телескопии, аббревиации и словообразования. В настоящее время изучение экономии распространяется в наибольшей степени на лексику. Способы актуализации закона экономии языковых средств выполняют определенные функции в различных типах дискурса, и играют особенно важную роль в интернет-коммуникации.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены для развития науки о языке в терминах когнитивной лингвистики и прагмалингвистики, теории дискурса, социолингвистики и стилистики английского языка.
MAXIMAL INTERACTION OF BINARY FACTORS
Authors: Nagrebeckaya Yuliya , Panov Vladimir
Published: December 2020

In the formal model of the binary sufficient cause theory based on the theory of finite Boolean algebras a dependence of integer invariant from a number of joined acting factors is studied. A constructive description of such a minimal k for which attains a maximal value is given.
Comparison of the effects of different doses of memantine in combination with methylphenidate in children affected by ADHD
Authors: Riahi Forough , Tashakori Ashraf , Enayatollahi Maryam
Published: December 2020

Aim of the study

The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of adding different doses of memantine to methyphenidate in the treatment of children with Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Subject or material and methods

In a double blind clinical trial, 72 patients with ADHD were evaluated. Patients randomly divided into two groups. Group one received lower doses of memantine (0.1-0.25 mg/kg) and Methylphenidate ; group two received higher doses of memantine(0.25-0.5 mg/kg) and Methylphenidate for six weeks . 39 patients who continued the study until the end, at the week zero, second, fourth and sixth, their demographic and clinical information were assessed by demographic questionnaire and Conners Parent Questionnaire.

Results

The mean score of the primary parents Conners score in the study was 23.84 ± 2.44 and in the sixth week, it was 12.58 ± 2.89 without statistically significant difference at any time of week zero (p <0.275), second (p = 0.921), fourth (p = 0.7) and sixth (p = 0.966)

Discussion

Memantine was effective in the treatment of patients with hyperactivity disorder, and constantly reduced patients' Conners score over a 6-week period. However, no significant difference was observed between patients receiving higher dose of memantine and patients given lower dose of memantine.

Conclusions

given the increased risk of the related side effects, it is advisable to prescribe a lower dose of memantine along with methylphenidate.
Mechanism and characteristics of a tunable dispersion-compensating dual-ring microstructure fiber for different orbital angular momentum modes
Authors: Huang Wei , Qin Haibo , Xiong Yue , Song Binbin , Chen Shengyong
Published: December 2020

A tunable dual-ring microstructure fiber that can support stable transmission for different orbital angular momentum (OAM) states and possess ultrahigh dispersion coefficients and low confinement losses is proposed and theoretically investigated. The proposed fiber is composed of two high-refractive-index rings and a double-cladding structure. Owing to the central air core and outer cladding, the dual-ring structure can support stable transmission for the OAM states. The mode fields of different OAM states in the inner ring can spread to the outer ring under certain conditions, which leads to high absolute values of dispersion around the coupling wavelengths. By tuning the refractive indices of the dual rings, the proposed fiber can achieve dispersion control for different OAM modes. Moreover, the specially designed two-layer air holes in the inner cladding can affect the mode-coupling coefficients, which are characterized by the effective mode areas and the overlap integral of the electric fields between the resonant ring modes. Therefore, the dispersion curves and operating wavelengths of the OAM modes can be modulated by regulating the physical parameters (the radius of the two-layer air holes or the infiltrated functional materials) of the inner cladding. We built a theoretical model and analyzed the modulation method and mechanism of the dispersion curves based on the coupled mode theory. The theoretical results indicate that the proposed fiber is flexible and has potential dispersion-compensating applications in fiber OAM systems.
Fiber-based stray light suppression in spectroscopy using periodic shadowing
Authors: Gong Miaoxin , Kim Haisol , Larsson Jim , Methling Torsten , Aldén Marcus , Kristensson Elias , Brackmann Christian , Eschrich Tina , Jäger Matthias , Kiefer Wolfgang , Ehn Andreas
Published: December 2020

Stray light is a known strong interference in spectroscopic measurements. Photons from high-intensity signals that are scattered inside the spectrometer, or photons that enter the detector through unintended ways, will be added to the spectrum as an interference signal. A general experimental solution to this problem is presented here by introducing a customized fiber for signal collection. The fiber-mount to the spectrometer consists of a periodically arranged fiber array that, combined with lock-in analysis of the data, is capable of suppressing stray light for improved spectroscopy. The method, which is referred to as fiber-based periodic shadowing, was applied to Raman spectroscopy in combustion. The fiber-based stray-light suppression method is implemented in an experimental setup with a high-power high-repetition-rate laser system used for Raman measurements in different room-temperature gas mixtures and a premixed flame. It is shown that the stray-light level is reduced by up to a factor of 80. Weak spectral lines can be distinguished, and therefore better molecular species identification, as well as concentration and temperature evaluation, were performed. The results show that the method is feasible and efficient in practical use and that it can be employed as a general tool for improving spectroscopic accuracy.
Integrated dual-polarization coherent receiver without a polarization splitter-rotator
Authors: Soma Go , Ishimura Shota , Tanomura Ryota , Fukui Taichiro , Ito Maiko , Nakano Yoshiaki , Tanemura Takuo
Published: December 2020

We propose and demonstrate a simple integrated dual-polarization (DP) coherent receiver that does not require a polarization splitter-rotator (PSR). Based on a novel concept, a DP coherent signal is mixed with the local-oscillator (LO) waves inside a single interferometer and detected by five single-ended photodetectors. The signal-signal and LO-LO beat noises are eliminated through differential detection. We design and fabricate a proof-of-concept device on InP and experimentally demonstrate complete retrieval of DP quadrature phase-shift keyed signals. Requiring minimal number of optical components without a PSR, the demonstrated scheme would be attractive particularly for the InP and thick-silicon photonic platforms due to its significantly reduced footprint and ease of fabrication.
Two-dimensional grating coupler on an X-cut lithium niobate thin-film
Authors: Chen Bin , Ruan Ziliang , Hu Jinyao , Wang Jingyi , Lu Chao , Lau Alan Pak Tao , Guo Changjian , Chen Kaixuan , Chen Pengxin , Liu Liu
Published: December 2020

A two-dimensional grating coupler for coupling light between a standard single-mode fiber and ridge waveguides on an X-cut lithium niobate thin-film is designed and demonstrated. Using circular holes for grating cells, simulated coupling losses reach −3.88 dB at 1550 nm and −5.78 dB at 1563 nm with 1-dB bandwidths of 49 nm and 45 nm for P-polarized and S-polarized light inputs, respectively. Experimentally, peak coupling losses of −5.13 dB at 1561 nm and −7.6 dB at 1568 nm are obtained for P-polarized and S-polarized light inputs, respectively, and corresponding 1 dB bandwidths are about 30 nm. An approach to improve the coupling performance of the grating coupler is also proposed using two crossing ellipses as grating cells as well as a bottom metal reflector. The coupling loss and the polarization dependent loss are decreased to around −3.4 dB and 0.44 dB, respectively.
Ultra-compact integrated terahertz modulator based on a graphene metasurface
Authors: Kim Myunghwan , Kim Sangin , Kim Soeun
Published: December 2020

We propose a new type of a mid-infrared ultra-compact optical modulator
composed of a graphene metasurface. Unlike the previously proposed
schemes based on loss variation of materials or interference, the
proposed one utilizes the unique topological characteristic of the
isofrequency contour in the hyperbolic metasurface to modulate the
transmission. The designed modulator provides a modulation depth of
10.7 dB, the length of which is 750 nm, corresponding to

∼

1

/

30

of an operating wavelength.
Design and characterization of silicon nitride ultracompact integrated polarizers using bent asymmetric coupled waveguides
Authors: Chamorro-Posada Pedro
Published: December 2020

In this work, we report on the design, fabrication, and characterization of integrated ultracompact polarizers of a recently proposed type based on bent coupled optical waveguides. The devices have been implemented using deep etched silicon nitride waveguides and employing only basic standard fabrication steps.
Robust 17 W single-pass second-harmonic-generation at 532 nm and relative-intensity-noise investigation
Authors: Dixneuf Clément , Guiraud Germain , Ye Hanyu , Bardin Yves-Vincent , Goeppner Mathieu , Santarelli Giorgio , Traynor Nicholas
Published: December 2020

We demonstrate a 17 W single-frequency, low-intensity-noise green source at 532 nm, by single-pass second-harmonic generation of a 50 W continuous-wave fiber laser in a 30 mm MgO-doped periodically-poled stoichiometric lithium tantalate crystal. The maximum conversion efficiency is about 37%. A nearly Gaussian beam (

M

2

<
1.15

at 15 W) and low wavefront distortion are obtained. The system shows stable behavior over 100 h of uninterrupted operation. The evolution of the relative-intensity-noise transfer from the fundamental to the second harmonic is theoretically and experimentally investigated with high resolution.
Patterns of smallpox mortality in London, England, over three centuries
Authors: Krylova Olga , Earn David J. D.
Published: December 2020

Smallpox is unique among infectious diseases in the degree to which it devastated human populations, its long history of control interventions, and the fact that it has been successfully eradicated. Mortality from smallpox in London, England was carefully documented, weekly, for nearly 300 years, providing a rare and valuable source for the study of ecology and evolution of infectious disease. We describe and analyze smallpox mortality in London from 1664 to 1930. We digitized the weekly records published in the London Bills of Mortality (LBoM) and the Registrar General’s Weekly Returns (RGWRs). We annotated the resulting time series with a sequence of historical events that might have influenced smallpox dynamics in London. We present a spectral analysis that reveals how periodicities in reported smallpox mortality changed over decades and centuries; many of these changes in epidemic patterns are correlated with changes in control interventions and public health policies. We also examine how the seasonality of reported smallpox mortality changed from the 17th to 20th centuries in London.
In silico identification and characterization of AGO, DCL and RDR gene families and their associated regulatory elements in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L.)
Authors: Mosharaf Md. Parvez , Rahman Hafizur , Ahsan Md. Asif , Akond Zobaer , Ahmed Fee Faysal , Islam Md. Mazharul , Moni Mohammad Ali , Mollah Md. Nurul Haque
Published: December 2020

RNA interference (RNAi) plays key roles in post-transcriptional and chromatin modification levels as well as regulates various eukaryotic gene expressions which are involved in stress responses, development and maintenance of genome integrity during developmental stages. The whole mechanism of RNAi pathway is directly involved with the gene-silencing process by the interaction of Dicer-Like (DCL), Argonaute (AGO) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDR) gene families and their regulatory elements. However, these RNAi gene families and their sub-cellular locations, functional pathways and regulatory components were not extensively investigated in the case of economically and nutritionally important fruit plant sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L.). Therefore, in silico characterization, gene diversity and regulatory factor analysis of RNA silencing genes in C. sinensis were conducted by using the integrated bioinformatics approaches. Genome-wide comparison analysis based on phylogenetic tree approach detected 4 CsDCL, 8 CsAGO and 4 CsRDR as RNAi candidate genes in C. sinensis corresponding to the RNAi genes of model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The domain and motif composition and gene structure analyses for all three gene families exhibited almost homogeneity within the same group members. The Gene Ontology enrichment analysis clearly indicated that the predicted genes have direct involvement into the gene-silencing and other important pathways. The key regulatory transcription factors (TFs) MYB, Dof, ERF, NAC, MIKC_MADS, WRKY and bZIP were identified by their interaction network analysis with the predicted genes. The cis-acting regulatory elements associated with the predicted genes were detected as responsive to light, stress and hormone functions. Furthermore, the expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis showed that these RNAi candidate genes were highly expressed in fruit and leaves indicating their organ specific functions. Our genome-wide comparison and integrated bioinformatics analyses provided some necessary information about sweet orange RNA silencing components that would pave a ground for further investigation of functional mechanism of the predicted genes and their regulatory factors.
Territorio y turismo en la Costa Cálida. Del consumo voraz al tsunami no costero, 1960-2020. Evolución y dinámicas de las formas del turismo en la Región de Murcia
Authors: García Martín Fernando Miguel , Carcelén González Ricardo
Published: December 2020

La construcción del litoral mediterráneo en España ha estado ligada al desarrollo económico del país en base al turismo llamado ‘de sol y playa’. La transformación de los espacios demandados para este turismo, el envejecimiento de los nodos más antiguos y los efectos de la burbuja inmobiliaria sobre el litoral han puesto el foco de atención sobre las formas de este espacio turístico. Los proyectos urbanos del espacio turístico litoral tienen unas características morfológicas propias, que los diferencian de otros tejidos urbanos. En este trabajo se analiza la metamorfosis de las formas urbanas empleadas en los nodos turísticos del litoral de la Región de Murcia y se exponen las características de los distintos entornos territoriales, consecuencia de una construcción fragmentada. Por último, se comparan las cargas que sobre el territorio y el paisaje tiene el espacio turístico como herramienta para contrastar la hipótesis de que estos proyectos han ido perdiendo progresivamente su relación con el paisaje, a la vez que provocan un fuerte consumo de sus recursos. Para ello, se han empleado distintas fuentes, principalmente la cartografía catastral y ortofotografías aéreas. Como resultado, se han podido cuantificar variables representativas de la carga sobre el paisaje, con 546 m2 de superficie urbanizada por metro lineal de playa y 222 m2 de superficie construida.
Psychological predictors of National Student Survey course satisfaction
Authors: Bowles David Peter
Published: December 2020

Course satisfaction has been linked independently to University provision quality, student self-efficacy and basic psychological need fulfilment. In the current paper we seek to unite those disparate areas with a view to understanding how University factors interact with psychological factors in the determining of student satisfaction, as measured by the National Student Survey (NSS). Study one was focused on data from the NSS itself (N = 1321), in which it was demonstrated that variance in overall course satisfaction is mostly driven by satisfaction with teaching quality and the students' personal development. Study two (N=250) was focused on the psychological factors that relate to students’ personal development that might influence course satisfaction. This questionnaire-based study indicated that self-efficacy, skill confidence and the three basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence and relatedness were associated with course satisfaction. However, those variables shared much variance and only the fulfilment of the need to feel competent uniquely predicted levels of course satisfaction. We conclude that efforts to maximise student satisfaction should focus on enabling academic staff to excel as inspirational tutors, tutors who foster competence and confidence in their students' academic journey.
Beyond the metrics: the importance of intangible assets in the HE context
Authors: Smart Fiona , Cleaver Elizabeth , Robertson Alastair
Published: December 2020

As a statement of fact, the Higher Education (HE) sector gathers data. Commonly these data are metrical in format, used in some way to report on some aspect of performativity, whether within the institution or beyond its bounds. This paper does not seek to dispute the need for measurement, but it does argue the limitations of metric-based proxies alone if we are to truly understand the space of the university and how it operates in the interests of students, staff, employers, government and all other stakeholders. Our interest in the limitation of metrics in the HE context inspired a study funded by QAA (Scotland). The study focused on capturing, evidencing and affirming intangible elements of HE that are not easily counted or quantified, but form key aspects of an institution’s identity, culture and ethos, described by us as intangible assets. This brief paper provides an overview of our study and its outcomes to date. In presenting our progress and conceptual framework, we are inviting reflection, constructive comment and further dialogue in respect of the model itself, and its helpfulness in re-prioritising qualitative data in our assessment of our assets in higher education.
Academics' conceptions of and approaches to research-teaching linkages: Challenges for realising the curriculum as praxis
Authors: Rayner Michael , Smyth Keith , Fotheringham Heather
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we seek to provide a rich exploration of the conceptions of and approaches to research-teaching linkages (RTL) that are held and undertaken by scholars, researchers and academics within Higher Education (HE). The work we report has been undertaken as part of a longitudinal institutional project to broaden and deepen engagement with RTL in a geographically distributed university that sits within a particular social and economic context. The project has a primary focus on exploring creative new ways to embed RTL principles and practices across a broad range of subject areas, within formal learning and teaching, and curricula, in such a way that the intellectual work our students undertake and produce has a direct value to the needs of the wider communities the university serves.

Within this paper, we present key aspects of our work and findings to date in three distinct parts. Part 1 summarises the main findings from an extensive review of the literature related to RTL that we undertook, and in which we synthesise the literature on RTL into four distinct areas comprising: perceptions of RTL; principles of RTL; productivity in RTL, and practice in RTL. In the latter area we consider the concept of the ‘curriculum as praxis’. Part 2 of the paper describes and reports on the emerging findings of our own research, which took the form of a phenomenographic study investigating the conceptions of and approaches to RTL within the range of staff who are participating in the aforementioned institutional project. The phenomenography represents a contribution to a relatively small research base of phenomenographic research concerning RTL. In Part 3 of the paper we consider and look towards how we reconcile the promise and possibilities of RTL, particularly in relation to the ‘curriculum as praxis’, with the perceptions and practices emerging from our phenomenographic study. In doing so we offer a consideration of practical next steps that we are now taking, including recommendations we hope others may find useful.
Some integral curves with a new frame
Authors: Güven İlkay Arslan
Published: December 2020

In this paper, some new integral curves are defined in three-dimensional Euclidean space by using a new frame of a polynomial spatial curve. The Frenet vectors, curvature and torsion of these curves are obtained by means of new frame and curvatures. We give the characterizations and properties of these integral curves under which conditions they are general helix. Also, the relationships between these curves in terms of being some kinds of associated curves are introduced. Finally, an example is illustrated.
ECONDARY INFORMATION PROCESSING METHODS WHILE ESTIMATING THE SPATIAL ORIENTATION OF OBJECTS
Authors: Ryzhkov Igor V.
Published: December 2020

The study is devoted to solving the scientific problem of ensuring unbiasedness and increasing the efficiency of assessing the spatial orientation of objects by applying new methods of secondary information processing in software and hardware components of computer systems. The paper describes a developed method for compensating for magnetic anomalies that affect magnetically sensi-tive sensors of the inclinometer rotation angles. It is based on recording the inclinometer readings and the angle of rotation of the drill pipe as it rotates in the mouth of well in a range of 360 degrees. This makes it possible to determine and further take into account the value of the magnetic deviation from the drill string in the readings of the inclinometer. A method is described for determining the parameters of a magnetic anomaly from an external stationary source of a constant magnetic field by using redundant information from the readings of inclinometery transducers in the mouth of well and at the point of assessment. This allows to expand the bound-aries and scope of magnetometric transducers in difficult conditions. Methods for calculating the desired azimuth, as well as the pa-rameters of the intensity vector of the magnetic anomaly are proposed. The errors of inclinometers based on sensor devices of various physical nature (fluxgates, gyroscopes, accelerometers), both rigidly fixed and with the use of gimbals pendulum suspensions, are considered. The factors influencing the bias of the estimation of the angles of the spatial orientation of the drilling tool, expressed through the Euler angles, are analyzed. The analysis took into account the effect of various reasons: deviations of the transducers' sensitivity axes from mutual orthogonality and the reference trihedron of the axes associated with the body; changes in the zero sig-nal and transfer ratios under the influence of temperature; non-identical electrical parameters; inaccurate installation of the pendulum gimbal sensor frames in the tilt plane and along the vertical of the place. The permissible boundary values of each of the given errors have been determined. Consideration of these errors can significantly increase the unbiasedness of the assessment of the position of the object in difficult conditions. The practical significance of the results presented in the paper is the development of software and hardware components for assessing the spatial orientation of objects on the basis of the designed inclinometers capable of operating in difficult operating conditions and having a small diameter of the protective casing. Similar software and hardware components for assessing the spatial orientation of objects can be used: for the construction of underground communications; for the assembly of large-sized and remote objects; for static sounding of soils; for monitoring the state of building structure elements during operation.
IMPROVED STRUCTURE OF PASSIVITY-BASED CONTROL OF BATTERY-SUPERCAPACITOR HUBRID ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM
Authors: Shchur Igor Z. , Biletskyi Yuriy O.
Published: December 2020

Energy storage systems are a topical modern area of research due to the rapid development of renewable energy and electric vehicle construction. Due to the current lack of a source or accumulator of electricity with high specific energy and power, it is being replaced by hybrid electricity storage systems, which consist of separate, complementary sources. Among them, the combination of electrochemical battery – supercapacitor bank is the most common. The paper considers its active configuration, in which both sources are connected to the output network through bidirectional pulse DC-DC converters. The studied hybrid battery-supercapacitor system is a nonlinear dynamic system with multiple inputs, multiple outputs, and two control channels, the operation of which is described by five differential equations. To solve the problem of synthesis of a stable and efficient control system for such an object, the energy approach, namely energy-shaping control has been used. To do this, the studied system is mathematically described as Port-Controlled Hamiltonian system, and two descriptions are compared with different options for choosing the basic vector of the system state. The structural synthesis of the passive control system was performed by the Interconnection and Damping Assignment method. Based on the energy management strategy developed for the system under study, all possible options for introducing interconnections and damping into the passive control system were explored using a computer program developed in the MathCad environment. The effectiveness of the obtained structures of control influence formers on the investigated dynamic system was studied by computer simulation in the Matlab/Simulink environment. According to the results of the research, the variant of control influence former with the best combination of introduced interconnections and damping is formed according to the principle of superposition. To stabilize the voltage values of the output network and the supercapacitor unit set by the control strategy, a proportional-integrated voltage regulator is additionally used, and a sliding regulator between two passive control structures is exploited to limit the allowable battery current. The results of the computer simulation showed the full implementation of the tasks ofthe energy management strategy, including a smooth increase and limitation of the battery current.
FORMALIZING THE STAGES OF MAMMOGRAPHIC EXAMINATIONS IN DESIGNINGA MEDICAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM
Authors: Povoroznyuk Anatoly I. , Povoroznyuk Oksana A. , Shehna Khaled
Published: December 2020

The paper considers the formalization of the stages and modeling of the mammographic examination procedure in the design of medical computer decision support systems. The mammographic examination process is presented in a generalizedmodel,which consists offunctional, structural, and mathematical models. The functional model (context diagram) is made using the functional modeling methodology.When analyzingthe context diagram, four main functional blocks were identified: register a patient; perform registration and analysis of mammograms; carry out diagnostics; form a survey protocol. If there are standards for maintaining medi-cal records and drawing up examination protocols, the first and last blocksare easily automated.The article focuseson the second and third blocks.At the mammogram analysis stage, the sub-stages “Perform preliminary processing”and “Perform morphological analysis”are essential. Preprocessing of mammograms (adaptive filtering, changing brightness or increasing contrast, etc.) is carried out using digital image processing methods to improve visualization quality. The result of morphological analysis is selecting struc-tural elements and forminga set of diagnostic signs in the form of parameters of the found structural elements.Becausesome ele-ments of mammograms (microcalcifications) have an irregular structure, specialized morphological analysis methods are used, based on taking into account the features of the images under consideration and their transformation methods in the form of the useful sig-nal, in particular, fractal dimension models.The developed formalized models made it possible to reasonably design the decision support system’s structureduring mammographic examinations, information, mathematical,software, and hardwareto increase med-ical services’efficiencyand minimize the risks of medical errors.
THE ALGUNAS CONSIDERACIONES ÉTICAS SOBRE LA APLICACIÓN DE LA INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL EN EL DEPORTE
Authors: CARRIO SAMPEDRO Alberto
Published: December 2020

La inteligencia artificial (IA) ha irrumpido recientemente en el deporte, pero sus aplicaciones ocupan ya un lugar destacado en la práctica deportiva e irán sin en aumento en los próximos años.  Son muchos los beneficios que estos sistemas de tecnología avanzada pueden proporcionar al deporte. Pero las aplicaciones de la IA en el deporte no están exentas de riesgos. Entre ellos, la manipulación de los deportistas y de la competición son probablemente los más acuciantes. Pero hay otros, como la modificación radical de la gobernanza del deporte y las competiciones deportivas que quedarán completamente mediatizadas por esta tecnología disruptiva. En este artículo propongo un marco jurídico y ético que nos permita disponer de un uso fiable de la IA y respetuoso con los derechos humanos de los deportistas y los compromisos éticos del Movimiento Olímpico.
América Latina en el Movimiento de Países No Alineados
Authors: Alburquerque Germán
Published: December 2020

El artículo estudia la participación de las naciones latinoamericanas en el Movimiento de Países No Alineados durante la Guerra Fría. Se pregunta por los motivos que llevaron a un número importante de países del continente a ingresar en el Movimiento, la mayoría de ellos entre 1973 y 1983. Mediante el análisis de fuentes primarias y secundarias se examinan siete casos: Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Nicaragua, Panamá y Perú. Se establece que, principalmente, las naciones latinoamericanas buscaron, a través de su participación en el Movimiento, incrementar su autonomía y profundizar o completar su soberanía. Por último, se plantea que el No Alineamiento en América Latina se relacionó más con la historia larga de la descolonización que con la coyuntural Guerra Fría.
O pan-americanismo e o projeto de construção de um passado comum para os países das Américas
Authors: Correia da Silva Gabriela
Published: December 2020

Este artigo se divide em duas seções. A primeira delas é dedicada ao estudo da União Pan-Americana, com ênfase para a apresentação de seus objetivos centrais. Um destes objetivos foi a busca por criar um sentimento de unidade entre os diferentes países das Américas. Na segunda seção será analisada uma publicação da União Pan-Americana – a coleção intitulada “Pan-American Patriots”2. Neste artigo será argumentado que a União Pan-Americana buscou fomentar a ideia de pan-americanismo, a qual ganha um passado que, a partir de então, passa a abarcar boa parte dos países das Américas. O artigo se insere na área da história da historiografia e parte das análises desenvolvidas pelos estudos decoloniais.
Entre cores e luzes
Authors: Martins Mônica de Souza Nunes , Cribelli Teresa
Published: December 2020

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar as ideias sobre o Pan-americanismo que estiveram presentes na organização e execução da Exposição Internacional Pan-Americana de Búfalo, Nova Iorque, realizada em 1901. Sendo recorrentemente lembrada pelo assassinato do presidente William McKinley por um anarquista durante a Exposição, ela representou uma exibição das ideias imperialistas presentes na perspectiva pan-americana, demonstrando também os seus limites. Essa exposição foi caracterizada pela utilização da eletricidade e do uso de cores que demonstravam a pujança tecnológica e a abundância de recursos naturais do continente, atribuindo-se a ela a designação de “rainbow city”. Ela foi marcada ainda pelo forte apelo às ideias evolucionistas, esboçadas no percurso de suas avenidas. Nesse sentido, procura-se traçar aqui os principais ideais que conduziram a ação da Companhia da Exposição Pan-Americana na organização do evento.
O negacionismo renovado e o ofício do Historiador
Authors: Jesus Carlos Gustavo Nóbrega de , Gandra Edgar Avila
Published: December 2020

O intuito de tal artigo é entender a ampliação do conceito “negacionismo” que, nos últimos anos, não ficou restrito à contestação da existência do Holocausto, mas ampliou-se para outras áreas do saber, tanto dentro como fora da História.  Diante de tal perspectiva ampla salienta-se a repercussão da narrativa negacionista no campo historiográfico, levantando-se a hipótese que a necessidade de se contrapor a tal discurso levou a um embate epistemológico dentro da disciplina, ainda no final dos anos 1990.  A partir daí pretende-se averiguar como a narrativa negacionista ganhou legitimidade nos últimos dez anos por meio das redes sociais e da ascensão de políticas conservadoras, salientando a importância do papel ativo dos historiadores e de seu ofício nesse momento marcado pela necessária tomada de posição frente à disseminação de tais leituras proselitistas acerca do passado.
Contradições entre a modernização agrícola e o desenvolvimento sustentável
Authors: Zanella Anacleto
Published: December 2020

Inserido dentro da História Ambiental e do Tempo Presente, este artigo descreve e analisa algumas transformações geradas pelo processo de modernização da agricultura no norte do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, entre 1975 e 2017, a partir do estudo de caso dos estabelecimentos agropecuários situados nos municípios que integram a Associação dos Municípios do Alto Uruguai (AMAU). Para isso, utiliza-se como fonte principal de pesquisa as informações contidas nos Censos Agropecuários realizados pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), com destaque para as seguintes variáveis: número e área dos estabelecimentos agropecuários; pessoal ocupado; escolaridade; recebimento de assistência técnica; uso de adubação; e utilização de agrotóxicos. O estudo indica que o modelo de agricultura adotado nessa região, especialmente a partir da década de 1970, provocou vários impactos socioambientais que são contraditórios à proposta de desenvolvimento sustentável estabelecida pela Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), consolidada atualmente na “Agenda 2030”, da qual o Brasil é signatário.
Solidão, objeto de história
Authors: Buogo Igor de Mattia
Published: December 2020

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O Cariri visto de baixo
Authors: Irffi Ana Sara Cortez , Reis Ana Isabel RPC
Published: December 2020

Este artigo estuda as ações e experiências da população camponesa do Cariri Cearense, chamada cabra, destacando que elas devem ser encaradas como movimento de reação racional de uma população fragilizada, em um ambiente frequentemente hostil pela ocorrência de secas prolongadas e a epidemia de varíola frente à luta pelo acesso à terra e a melhores condições de vida. Visto de baixo, o Cariri de terras verdes e férteis pela presença de canaviais e da Serra do Araripe, se tornou um ambiente árido na perspectiva dos camponeses. A seca dos anos de 1825, 1826 e 1827, seguida pela fome e pela epidemia de varíola, e o recrutamento para a guerra da Cisplatina, em 1828, atingiu em cheio as populações camponesas da região, cuja reação política foi expressa na adesão à Revolta do Pinto Madeira. Nesse processo, a reação dos camponeses foi usada pela elite senhorial para destacá-los como grupos perigosos, fanáticos, anárquicos.
Ensaio sobre as posturas municipais na cidade de Goyaz
Authors: Do Nascimento Naelma Mendes
Published: December 2020

A partir da terceira década do século XIX, autoridades da Província de Goiás (médicos, engenheiros, sanitaristas e políticos), preocupadas com a higiene da cidade, providenciaram decretos, leis e projetos para que fosse resolvida a questão no espaço público. A adoção e a imposição das práticas higiênicas foram analisadas, segundo Moraes (1995), como uma ação dominadora dos grupos no poder. Assim, direcionaram mais atenção para hábitos e costumes, que refletiam na saúde dos populares, contribuindo para a mudança no cenário social e para que epidemias não se dispersassem entre o povo. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a imposição e a fiscalização de um conjunto de leis responsáveis por regulamentar e disciplinar a postura das pessoas no cotidiano da cidade de Goyaz, na segunda metade do século XIX, em especial, uma resolução com data de 14 novembro de 1856, que atribuía exigências determinando as condições e o manejo para a comercialização de carnes nas ruas públicas da cidade.
Por uma História Visual
Authors: Monteiro Charles , Guimarães Juliana Daitx
Published: December 2020

Este artigo apresenta os resultados do projeto de organização e sistematização dos acervos e dos documentos  do Laboratório de Pesquisa em História da Imagem e do Som (LPHIS), pertencente ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da PUCRS, que completa 23 anos de existência em 2020. Assim, busca-se apresentar sua trajetória ao longo desses anos, entendendo-o como um espaço de formação e fomento à pesquisa, assim como o contexto de criação do atual LPHIS em relação a de outros centros de pesquisa acadêmica em imagem e som.
A história da coleta de resíduos em Novo Hamburgo, RS e uma proposta de uma nova roteirização utilizando sistema de informações geográficas
Authors: Da Costa Natan Ruan Machado , Nascimento Victor Fernandez , Ometto Jean Pierre Henry Balbaud
Published: December 2020

A elevação do número da população mundial, nas últimas décadas, vem acarretando um aumento exorbitante na produção de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU). Em consequência, o processo de gerenciamento dos RSU (serviços de coleta, transporte e destinação), que visa minimizar os impactos ambientais, tem gerado grandes custos aos cofres públicos. Além do impacto na economia, o transporte de RSU acarreta grandes volumes de emissões de gases do efeito estufa (GEE), causando fortes dados à atmosfera. Esta pesquisa fez uma análise histórica do gerenciamento dos RSU no município de Novo Hamburgo, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, e propôs uma nova roteirização para a coleta destes resíduos utilizando diferentes cenários. Para isso foi utilizado a ferramenta Network Analyst dentro de um software de Sistema de Informação Geográfica para identificar as rotas mais eficientes para os veículos coletores de RSU. A partir desta informação foram estimados os custos financeiros e também as emissões de GEE para realizar a coleta. Os resultados demonstraram que para compensar os gases emitidos pelos caminhões de coleta de RSU em um período de um ano seriam necessários plantar mais de 285 mil árvores nativas da Mata Atlântica dependendo do cenário de roteirização utilizado, isto dá uma área média equivalente a 15.900 campos de futebol, sem levar em consideração o transporte desses resíduos até o aterro sanitário de Minas do Leão, o qual se localiza a mais de 100 km do centro de Novo Hamburgo, o que iria aumentar consideravelmente esse valor. Portanto, uma análise histórica da coleta de resíduos e a definição de rotas de transporte de RSU mais eficientes trará ao município melhores serviços de limpeza pública e mitigação dos impactos ambientais.
Differential Diagnosis of Lungs Lesions in a New Coronavirus Infection COVID-19 and Diseases of Non-Viral Etiology on the Clinical Cases by Computed Tomography Scans in Outpatient CT Centers
Authors: Lobanov Mikhail N. , Bronov Oleg Y. , Abovich Yuliya A. , Ledikhova Nataliya V. , Turavilova Elena V. , Morozov Sergey P. , Kamynina Natalya N.
Published: December 2020

New coronavirus infection (COVID-19) viral pneumonia diagnosed by a complex assessment of the epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, radiological and laboratory tests. Radiologists often play a leading role in diagnosis of viral pneumonia, since they may encounter suspicious changes according to radiological studies before clinicians. However, in a number of diseases, including diseases of non-infectious non-viral etiology with a corresponding similar clinical symptoms, it may be difficult to correctly assess the changes detected by computed tomography. This study uses clinical cases to show the main differential diagnostic criteria for COVID-19 viral pneumonia and non-infectious lesions such as pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, acute hypersensitive pneumonitis, drug-induced pneumonitis, non-specific interstitial pneumonia, and adenocarcinoma. All patients were hospitalized based on the results of computed tomography, where a diagnosis of non-infectious non-viral lung injuries was established based on morphological and/or typical clinical symptoms, laboratory or radiological data. We examined clinical cases with radiological signs similar to viral pneumonia, such as areas of ground glass opacities with the presence or absence of areas of consolidation, as well as thickening of the lung interstitium with decreased lung attenuation (crazy paving symptom). In a difficult epidemiological situation, it is important for a radiologist to suspect the above-mentioned pathological conditions in patients who are urgently admitted to outpatient CT centers.
The Preparation of Convencent Plasma and Recruiting of Donors during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kostin Alexandr I. , Petrikov Sergey S. , Borovkova Nataliya V. , Doronina Natal’ya V. , Godkov Mihail A. , Simarova Irina B. , Mayorova Olga A. , Momotyuk Kira S. , Danilec Violetta V. , Yarotskaya Irina A. , Gincburg Alexandr L. , Hripun Alexey I. , Logunov Denis Y. , Dolschikova Inna V. , Mazus Alexey I. , Vasilyeva Elena Y. , Vasin Evgenij A. , Ganchin Vladimir V. , Nikonov Evgeniy L. , Pinchuk Alexey V. , Bulanov Andrey Y. , Lisenko Mar’yana A.
Published: December 2020

Background. The pandemic of the new coronavirus infection has challenged the medical community for quickly finding and implementing effective methods of treatment. In the absence of a vaccine or specific therapy with proven effectiveness, the usage of convalescent plasma can be the one of perspective methods. An important aspect of this technology is the efficient and safe preparation of convalescent plasma. To date, in the world literature there are practically no publications about donor recruitment and the specifics of the preparation of convalescent plasma.
Purpose of the research. Presentation of the experience of organizing a workflow for recruiting donors and stockpiling of convalescent plasma with a high titer of virus-neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2.
Methods. The analysis of the work of the Blood Service of the Moscow Department of Health for stockpiling of COVID-19 convalescent plasma has been executed. In total it has been stockpiled 1240 doses. The normative documentation has been developed by a working group on the basis of the current federal legislation of Russian federation and been approved by the Moscow Department of Health. The titer of neutralizing antibodies (VNA) has been determined as the basic method for assessing the immunological viability of convalescent plasma. The main characteristics of donors, the characteristics of the disease course, the results of preliminary testing for the presence of specific antibodies by ELISA and CLIA methods has been compared with VNA titers in the stockpiled convalescent plasma.
Results. Due to a Moscow Health Departments order No. 325 dated 01.04.2020 (a basic local regulatory document) it has been developed a regulation for the stockpiling, examination, storage, safety and transfering of fresh frozen pathogen-reduced plasma of COVID-19 convalescent donors to medical organizations of the Moscow Health Department. For arranging an interaction with donors it has been created a call-center. For effective preliminary selection, it has been formed a donor characteristics list, which has been combined with screening of specific antibodies by ELISA and CLIA methods.
Conclusions. Developed a system of recruiting donors and procurement process of convalescent plasma for treatment СOVID-19, which includes the necessary regulations, algorithms for the selection and recruitment of donors, the registry of donors and recipients, algorithms, efficiency and safety of convalescent plasma.