bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penyelesaian Kasus Perzinaan Dalam Keluarga
Authors: Hidayat Iman
Published: January 2025

This paper discusses the settlement of adultery cases in the family. The formulation of this problem is how the settlement of adultery cases in the family, what are the problems encountered and how to overcome them. To analyse these problems, a Socio Legal Research approach is used, which is research that refers to the legal norms contained in the applicable laws and regulations and is then associated with the application that occurs in the community.To examine the three existing problems, several theories are used, among others, the theory of restorative justice, crime prevention, customary law. The results of this study indicate that the settlement of adultery cases in the family is carried out by customary criminal law derived from the basis of Jambi customary law, namely by expulsion from the village but previously held a village wash by giving one buffalo, 100 bushels of rice, 50 coconuts and as sweet as possible. Then the perpetrator apologised for his actions and signed a peace agreement (Surat setih). The problems encountered were that there was a difference of opinion between the youth and the tengganai elders in the adat meeting in deciding on the sanction of this case, adultery cases resolved by national criminal law were time consuming and costly, causing much suffering to the perpetrator, the community does not know much about the basis of Jambi Customary Law. Efforts to overcome the problems that occur include holding a personal approach from the youth with the elders of the tengganai to continue to apply the existing criminal law, all parties deliberate that customary criminal law is more appropriate than national criminal law, providing socialisation to the community so that they know the basis of Jambi customary law. The suggestion is that in order to prevent adultery in the family, namely providing religious counselling so that faith is strengthened rather than lust and counselling on the basis of Jambi customary law so that people know that customary criminal law can resolve cases of family adultery quickly, affordable costs, thus the existence of customary criminal law applies and has permanent legal force.
Analisis Pasal 85 Undang-Undang 45 Tahun 2009 Terhadap Penggunaan Jaring Hela Sebagai Alat Tangkap Ikan
Authors: Ramadhan Rievky Wahyu , Azed Abdul Bari , Suzanalisa Suzanalisa
Published: January 2025

Fisheries crime is a fishing activity carried out by fishermen and is contrary to the code of ethics of irresponsible fishing using prohibited fishing gear that results in damage to the marine ecosystem. Fisheries crime includes malpractice activities in the utilization of fishery resources which are illegal activities. The purpose of this study is to understand and analyze article 85 of Law Number 45 of 2009, whether it is effective enough in reducing the number of uses of haul nets as prohibited fishing gear in East Tanjung Jabung Regency
Innovative ventilation technologies used in the intensive care unit for adults and children: a scoping review
Authors: Elfeky Adel , Boulton Adam , Court Rachel , Grove Amy , Basra Meirvaan , Clayton Daniel , Coverdale Giles , Zulfiqar Mehwaish , MacLeod Hall Catherine , Auguste Peter , Gallacher Daniel , Yeung Joyce , McAuley Daniel F , D. Perkins Gavin , R. Scholefield Barnaby , Thompson Marion , Chen Yen-Fu , Couper Keith
Published: January 2025

Background There is widespread interest in the use of innovative ventilation technologies to improve clinical outcomes across the 13–20 million people each year globally that receive invasive ventilation on an intensive care unit. This scoping review aims to summarise the volume and nature of evidence underpinning the use of 22 innovative ventilation technologies in adults and children. Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane library and other key databases from 2010 to May 2024 for primary studies and systematic reviews that evaluated the use of 22 innovative ventilation technologies in adults and children requiring, or at risk of requiring, invasive ventilation. We defined an innovative ventilation technology as a ventilation approach not currently recommended by clinical guidelines due to lack of or uncertainty of evidence. We summarise findings as evidence maps. Results Our search identified 22,274 records of which we included 851 studies (564 primary studies; 277 systematic reviews; 10 economic evaluation studies). Over 50% of studies focussed on non-invasive respiratory support strategies to reduce the risk of a primary tracheal intubation (n=319, 37%) or re-intubation (n=130, 15%). We identified ten or fewer studies for seven technologies, including phrenic nerve stimulation, artificial intelligence, and ultra-low tidal volume ventilation. Few studies include children (n=128, 15%) or report patient-focussed outcomes (n=19, 2%). Conclusions For many technologies despite being used in clinical practice, the available evidence is currently inadequate to determine its clinical effectiveness, particularly in children. Key technologies need to be evaluated in high-quality multi-centre clinical trials that report patient-focussed outcomes.
Classification of Cardiac Arrhythmias Based on Electrocardiogram Data Using a Convolutional Neural Network Model
Authors: Dos Santos Rodrigo Alexandre
Published: January 2025

Cardiac arrhythmias are a disease with considerable incidence and prevalence worldwide, and their diagnosis can be complex due to the existence of different types of arrhythmias that share similar characteristics and make an accurate diagnosis difficult. Making a correct diagnosis of the kind of arrhythmia that affects an individual is important to define the most appropriate type of treatment for the case. Machine Learning and Deep Learning techniques have been proposed to automate the diagnosis of arrhythmias to assist healthcare professionals in decision-making. This study proposes a Convolutional Neural Network model for classifying cardiac arrhythmias using electrocardiogram data. The objective is to present a model that achieves high accuracy rates in identifying types of arrhythmias and presents an adequate balance between performance and computational costs. The model was trained with a dataset composed of electrocardiogram exams with 32 types of arrhythmias. In the pre-processing phase, the dataset was restructured to allow the data to be treated as a time series to explore the potential of Convolutional Neural Networks in dealing with data organized in this way. Training was carried out using a state-of-the-art Deep Learning model and the model achieved an accuracy rate of 98.37% in its predictions. This excellent performance confirms the ability of Convolutional Neural Networks to efficiently deal with pattern learning in time series. The results obtained demonstrate the potential of Deep Learning techniques as aiding tools to provide improvements in medical processes.
Challenges of Immunization in Africa: Overcoming Barriers to Achieve Universal Vaccination
Authors: Richard Okotel
Published: January 2025

Immunization is a critical public health intervention that has significantly contributed to the reduction of morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. However, Africa continues to face numerous challenges in achieving universal immunization coverage. These challenges are partly due to a lack of awareness, which leads to low uptake of immunization services in rural communities. This publication aims to explore the key obstacles hindering successful immunization programs in Africa, including limited access to vaccines, weak healthcare systems, vaccine hesitancy, and inadequate funding. Using data obtained during the study period, various factors contributing to low coverage are highlighted. Additionally, the paper suggests potential strategies and interventions to overcome these challenges and ensure equitable access to life-saving vaccines for all African populations. The study observed that more females visited health facilities than males to access vaccination. Many clients received fewer than the recommended doses of most vaccines, posing a high risk to those vaccinated. This necessitates a multi-faceted approach to increase access, administer booster doses, and target specific groups to enhance vaccine coverage.
The Long Term Effects of GLP-1 Medications on Weight Loss: Mini Literature Review
Authors: Tracy Gabrielle , Reaves Shamica , Mitchell Abigail
Published: January 2025

Background: Obesity is an increasingly popular diagnosis worldwide. It is linked with many other medical problems such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The GLP-1 receptor antagonist medications were initially developed to assist diabetics with glycemic control but have shown to be extremely effective in weight loss as well. These medications are now widely prescribed for weight management.

Design: A rapid review of the literature was completed to examine the effectiveness of GLP-1 RAs on weight management.

Methods: A thorough review of the literature was conducted using the following keywords: GLP-1 Receptor antagonist, obesity, overweight, semaglutide, liraglutide, efpeglenatide, and anti-obesity medication. The databases searched included CINAHL, Medline, and PubMed. Literature was limited to North American journals between the years of 2019 to 2024 and had to involve the use of GLP-1 RA medications in adults. Weight or BMI had to be one of the outcomes measured. Studies were excluded if they were not available in full text, in English, or were ongoing and/or incomplete. 146 studies were reviewed which was narrowed to 59 after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. A final 15 articles were included in the review after a full text screen and data extraction.

Conclusion: GLP-1 RAs can lead to clinically significant weight loss in individuals who are overweight or obese. Many patients involved in the included studies were able to achieve a weight loss of at least 5% less than their baseline weight. While several studies mention mild to moderate side effects as secondary outcomes measured, further research is needed to determine the long term side effects associated with GLP-1 RA use and how weight is affected by discontinuing these medications.
The Effect of Wearing the Full Cycloplegic Correction On the Angle of Deviation in Comitant Exotropia
Authors: Dohvoma Viola Andin , Mvogo Steve Robert Ebana , Aboubakar Hassan , Ndongo Jean Audrey , Mvogo Côme Ebana
Published: January 2025

Purpose: To study the effect of wearing the full cycloplegic correction (FCC) on the angle of deviation in children with comitant exotropia.

Patients and Methods: A retrospective noncomparative chart review of children with comitant exotropia in whom the FCC had been worn for at least 3 months. The FCC was obtained by retinoscopy after instilling atropine eyedrops for 7 days. The angle of deviation for far vision, measured after 3 months of wearing the FCC was compared to the angle before. Data was analysed using IBM-SPSS version 20.

Results: One hundred and four children (55 females and 49 males) aged 0 to 15 years were included. The mean age was 6.2 ± 4.6 years. The mean age of onset was 1.7± 2.4 years with 54.8% occurring in the first year of life. The most common refractive error was hyperopic astigmatism (82/208 eyes; 39.4%). The angle of deviation for far was decreased in 30.8% (n=32) of cases. It increased in 33.6% (n=35) and remained unchanged in 35.6% (n=37) of cases. Orthophoria was seen in 7 cases (4.9%).

Conclusion: The FCC improved exotropia in a third of patients and a very small proportion of patients became orthotropic. Wearing the FCC should be recommended as the first step in the management of all strabismus, including exotropia.
Edukasi dan Sosialisasi Bahaya Zat Aditif Makanan dan Identifikasinya Untuk Meningkatkan Pengetahuan dan Keterampilan Guru SMA Labschool Cibubur
Authors: Ratna Kartika Irma , Kurniadewi Fera
Published: January 2025

Zat aditif merupakan bahan yang ditambahkan ke dalam produk, khususnya makanan dan minuman, untuk meningkatkan kualitas, memperpanjang daya simpan, memperbaiki rasa, warna, tekstur, atau penampilannya, serta menjaga keamanan produk. Zat aditif umumnya digunakan dalam proses pengolahan makanan untuk meningkatkan mutu atau mencegah kerusakan pada produk. Kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat ini merupakan tanggung jawab serta peran aktif dosen melaksanakan salah satu kegiatan dari Tridarma Perguruan Tinggi untuk memberikan edukasi dan sosialisasi tentang bahaya zat aditif pada makanan serta identifikasi untuk menumbuhkan kesadaran masyarakat terhadap pentingnya memilih asupan makanan dalam tubuh. Metode pengabdian yang dilakukan adalah penyuluhan dan demonstrasi yang melibatkan 1 orang guru Labschool Cirendeu, 1 orang guru Labschool Kebayoran, 3 orang guru SD Labschool Cibubur, 10 orang guru SMA Labschool Cibubur, 5 orang guru SMP Labschool Cibubur, 6 orang mahasiswa Prodi Kimia UNJ sebagai khalayak sasaran dengan tujuan memberikan pemahaman kepada guru dalam mengetahui kandungan dari zat aditif makanan yang berbahaya. Hasil kegiatan PKM yaitu terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan guru dalam menguji adanya zat aditif pada makanan dan minuman.
DINAMIKA REKRUTMEN PERANGKAT DESA DI KABUPATEN TANGERANG PROVINSI BANTEN
Authors: MUHI ALI HANAFIAH
Published: January 2025

Pergantian Kades selalu diiringi dengan pergantian perangkat desa. Ada sinyalemen bahwa proses pergantian perangkat desa cenderung mengabaikan peraturan, ketentuan, prosedur, mekanisme, kualitas dan kompetensi, serta tidak transparan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan didukung dengan studi dokumentasi.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rekrutmen perangkat desa seringkali dipengaruhi oleh faktor politik dan personal Kades. Faktor ini menjadi salah satu penyebab seringnya perangkat desa mengundurkan diri atau diberhentikan secara tidak langsung. Praktik politik di tingkat desa masih kerap mendominasi proses rekrutmen perangkat desa. Dimana proses seleksi yang cenderung informal dan didominasi oleh pengaruh politik dan tim sukses. Kondisi ini menyebabkan seleksi cenderung longgar, lebih didasarkan pada faktor kekeluargaan dan loyalitas politik, dan cenderung tidak transparan.
NEEDED APPLICATION DESIGN FOR UNIFORMITY OF BIRTH PLACE INFORMATION ON THE NATIONAL IDENTITY CARD (KTP)
Authors: Maisondra Maisondra
Published: January 2025

Research for finding out about the non-uniformity in the writing of birthplace information in population and civil registration documents, especially identity cards (KTP), which include: differences based on classification or area level, to find out the causes and find solutions. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach which aims to describe the current reality. Describe, record, analyze and interpret these conditions, namely regarding the writing of Place of Birth Information in population data and Civil Registration, especially KTP. The facts of this study show that: 1) There is regional level inconsistency in writing information on place of birth on population documents, especially KTPs, which consist of: some write the name of the province, write down the name of the district/city, write down the name of the sub-district, write down the name of the kelurahan/village, and so on, 2) There are no regulations that require writing down the description of Lahi's place, with the same area level. Usually, if the data on the KTP is not uniform, then the data on other population documents will also be different because the data on other population documents originates from the KTP. As a solution to this non-uniformity, you can provide an application design that only provides options for the name of the city/district in the Statement of Place of Birth.
Kearifan Lokal Dalam Penanggulanganan Bencana Gempa Bumi Dan Sistem Pewarisannya di Pulau Lombok Nusa Tenggara Barat
Authors: Taufik Mohamad Zaki , Pujayanti Luh Putu Vera Astri
Published: January 2025

Bencana dapat menghancurkan namun juga memberi peluang dan menjadi trigger untuk bangkit dan tangguh. Perlu upaya aktif-preventif meminimalisasi dampak bencana melalui pengaktifan kembali local knowledge dan pengembangan sistem pewarisannya sebagai momentum ketangguhan masyarakat menghadapi krisis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kearifan lokal yang mampu mengurangi dampak bencana gempa bumi baik pada pra, saat dan pasca bencana gempa dan sistem pewarisannya di Pulau Lombok. Kearifan lokal pada siklus pra bencana di kegiatan mitigasi bencana melalui bentuk fisik bangunan dan pola pemukiman, mitos dan upacara adat serta kepercayaan kebencanaan. Pada kesiapsiagaan bencana, pengorganisasian cadangan untuk kerawanan pangan dalam bangunan lumbung. Pada peringatan dini bencana melalui pembacaaan tanda-tanda alam dan pemberitahuan kejadian melalui bahasa lokal dan pemukulan benda yang mengeluarkan bunyi. Kearifan lokal pada siklus saat terjadi bencana pada tanggap bencana melalui penempatan evakuasi dan pertolongan korban pada pusat bangunan multifungsi berugak dan kegiatan bantuan bencana melalui besiru sebagai semangat dan nilai kegotongroyongan masyarakat. Kearifan lokal pada siklus pasca bencana pada pemulihan bencana melalui keteguhan hati dan kemauan masyarakat untuk bangkit ke kondisi normal dengan bekerja keras, sabar dan ikhlas. Kearifan lokal di kegiatan rehabilitasi normalisasi kehidupan memalui trauma healing dengan permainan tradisional. Perkembangan arus modernisasi, globalisasi dan kebutuhan menyebabkan eksistensi kearifan lokal tersebut sangat tergantung pada tingkat fungsionalitas dan upaya pewarisan dari komunitas masyarakat sosial yang ada di Pulau Lombok. Kebanyakan cara pewarisan kearifan local dalam rangka penanggulanganan bencana gempa dilakukan melalui sistem pewarisan kearifan lokal pewarisan tegak.
Who Are Our Legislators? A Simulation about National Legislative Party Politics
Authors: Sacco Michael
Published: January 2025

National legislative politics presents an interesting power dynamic relating to party members. This classroom simulation explores this dynamic with students acting as one party's national legislators determined to advance the party's agenda. However, information suggests an opposing party has infiltrated the caucus meeting. Students only have three rounds to determine who the opposing party members are to save their own party's agenda for the upcoming congressional year. Afterward, a debriefing is held to go over the simulation. Particularly, students are made aware of the result that there were no opposing party members and the information given to them was inaccurate. Students must utilize important life skills and already-learned political knowledge in this simulation.
In silico identification of chilli genome encoded MicroRNAs targeting the 16S rRNA and secA genes of “Candidatus phytoplasma trifolii”
Authors: Pandey Vineeta , Srivastava Aarshi , Gupta Ramwant , Zaki Haitham E. M. , Shafiq Shahid Muhammad , Gaur Rajarshi K.
Published: January 2025

Phytoplasma, a potentially hazardous pathogen associated with witches’ broom, is an economically harmful disease-producing bacteria that damages chilli cultivation. Phytoplasma-infected plants display various symptoms that indicate significant disruptions in normal plant physiology and behaviour. Diseases caused by phytoplasma are widespread and have a major economic impact on crop quality and yield. This work focuses on identifying and examining chilli microRNAs (miRNAs) as potential targets against the 16S rRNA and secA gene of “Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii” (“Ca. P. trifolii”) through plant miRNA prediction algorithms. Mature chilli miRNAs (CA-miRNAs) were collected and used to hybridise the 16S rRNA and secA genes. A total of four common CA-miRNAs were picked according to genetic consensus. Three algorithms applied in the present study suggested that the physiologically relevant, top-ranked miR169b_2 has a possibly specific site at nucleotide position 1,006 for targeting the ‘Ca. P. trifolii’ 16S rRNA gene. The circos algorithm was then utilised to create the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network. The free energy between the miRNA:mRNA duplex was also computed, and the best value of −17.46 kcal/mol was obtained for CA-miR166c_2. Currently, there are no suitable commercial ‘Ca. P. trifolii’-resistant chilli crops. As a result, the expected biological data provide useful evidence for developing ‘Ca. P. trifolii’-resistant chilli plants.
Comparative analysis of solvent-based and solvent-free (melting) methods for fabricating 3D-printed polycaprolactone-hydroxyapatite composite bone scaffolds: physicochemical/mechanical analyses and in vitro cytocompatibility
Authors: De Vega Brigita , Dutta Abir , Mumtaz Aisha , Schroeder Bob C. , Gerrand Craig , Boyd Ashleigh S. , Kalaskar Deepak M.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The study conducts a comparative analysis between two prominent methods for fabricating composites for bone scaffolds—the (solid) solvent method and the solvent-free (melting) method. While previous research has explored these methods individually, this study provides a direct comparison of their outcomes in terms of physicochemical properties, cytocompatibility, and mechanical strength. We also analyse their workflow and scalability potentials.

Design/methodology/approach

Polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HA) composites were prepared using solvent (chloroform) and melting (180°C) methods, then 3D-printed using an extrusion-based 3D printer to fabricate scaffolds (8 × 8 × 4 mm). Rheology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), accelerated degradation, mechanical/compression test, wettability/contact angle, live/dead assay, and DNA quantification (Picogreen) assays were evaluated.

Findings

The study finds that scaffolds made via the solid solvent method have higher mechanical strength and degradation rate as compared to those from the melting method, while both methods ensure adequate cytocompatibility and homogenous hydroxyapatite distribution, supporting their use in bone tissue engineering.

Originality

This research investigates the utility of chloroform as a solvent for PCL composite in a direct comparison with the melting method. It also highlights the differences in workflows between the two methods and their scalability implications, emphasizing the importance of considering workflow efficiency and the potential for automation in scaffold fabrication processes for bone tissue engineering applications.
The influence of different crosslinking agents onto the physical properties, integration behavior and immune response of collagen-based barrier membranes
Authors: Ren Yanru , Alkildani Said , Burckhardt Kim , Köwitsch Alexander , Radenkovic Milena , Stojanovic Sanja , Najman Stevo , Jung Ole , Liu Luo , Barbeck Mike
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the mechanical properties as well as in vitro and in vivo cyto- and biocompatibility of collagen membranes cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (GA), proanthocyanidins (PC), hexamethylendiisocyanate (HMDI) and 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EC/NHS). A non-crosslinked membrane was used as reference control (RF). The initial in vitro cytotoxic analyses revealed that the PC, EC, and HMDI crosslinked membranes were cytocompatible, while the GA crosslinked membrane was cytotoxic and thus selected as positive control in the further in vivo study. Cross-linking enhances the tensile strength and collagenase resistance, effectively prolonging the membrane’s standing time in vivo. Using (immune-) histochemistry and histomorphometrical analyses, the cellular inflammatory responses, tissue integration and vascularization patterns at 10-, 30-, and 90-day post-implantation in a subcutaneous implantation model in rats were analyzed. The PC membrane elicited the mildest inflammatory cell levels, akin to the RF membrane, while other groups induced an M1-dominated macrophage response and numerous multinucleated giant cells throughout the study period. EC membranes maintained structural stability up to 30 days post-implantation, similar to the GA group, whereas others collapsed prematurely. Concurrent with membrane collapse, transmembrane vascularization occurred across all groups. Histopathological and histomorphometry results reveal the intricate interplay of inflammatory cell populations in vascularization. These findings offer valuable insights into the pivotal role of cross-linkers in modulating mechanical properties and tissue responses of collagen membranes.
Advancing hybrid ventilation in hot climates: a review of current research and limitations
Authors: Al Niyadi Sheikha , Elnabawi Mahgoub Mohamed H.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Hybrid ventilation systems present a promising solution for reducing cooling energy consumption in buildings, particularly in hot climates. However, while existing research highlights their potential, variability in reported cooling energy reductions underscores the need for standardized performance evaluation methods.

Methods

This review synthesizes findings from 84 research articles published between 2010 and the first quarter of 2024. The studies include simulation-based analyses, experimental investigations, and real-world case studies sourced from prominent academic databases.

Results

The review identifies substantial potential for cooling energy reductions through hybrid ventilation systems. However, it also reveals significant variability in energy savings across studies, suggesting that further work is needed to standardize reporting methods for accurate performance comparisons.

Discussion

To address these challenges, this paper proposes a framework integrating Industry 4.0 technologies. The framework emphasizes standardized research methodologies, context-specific design considerations, and robust knowledge dissemination strategies. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is positioned as a critical enabler of innovation, driving design optimization and smart control systems. The proposed framework aims to improve performance assessments, tailor system designs to specific building types and climates, and enable real-time control for enhanced energy efficiency and occupant comfort. This approach has the potential to support the wider adoption and optimized implementation of hybrid ventilation systems, contributing to a more sustainable and energy-efficient built environment, particularly in hot climates.
An improved double chamber triaxial volume change measurement system for unsaturated soils
Authors: Wu Tingyu , Xia Chaobo , Chen Hui , Xu Xiaocong , Pan Daoming , Chen Jun
Published: January 2025

It is crucial to accurately measure the volume change of specimens in triaxial tests on unsaturated soils. A new type of inner chamber structure has been designed for measuring volume changes, which can accurately measure the volume change of unsaturated soils during monotonic loading tests. Compared to conventional double chamber triaxial systems, the new inner chamber structure has higher precision and compatibility, and the inner chamber can be assembled under air-free water. The inner chamber assembled underwater avoids the problem that the air bubbles being trapped in the inner chamber, significantly reducing the impact of residual air in the system. A solid specimen made of stainless steel was used to calibrate the newly designed inner chamber. Under the net confining pressure (the difference between cell pressure and the initial cell pressure) of 400 kPa, the volume change error of system is only 0.037% of specimen volume, the measurement error is very small. The contact surface between the loading ram and the top cover is coated with Teflon material and smeared with Vaseline to reduce friction, and the friction force measured by high-precision force gauge is 4.14 N. Drained shear test was conducted on an undisturbed saturated soft clay specimen, where the volume change in the saturated soil specimen during drainage was used to verify the accuracy and precision of the inner chamber volume measurement method. The volume change error measured by the system during consolidation and shearing are 0.102% and 0.067% of specimen volume, respectively. The results indicate that the newly designed inner chamber structure is feasible for volume change measurement and has high precision.
Altered cytoskeleton dynamics in patient-derived iPSC-based model of PCDH19 clustering epilepsy
Authors: Borghi Rossella , Petrini Stefania , Apollonio Valentina , Trivisano Marina , Specchio Nicola , Moreno Sandra , Bertini Enrico , Tartaglia Marco , Compagnucci Claudia
Published: January 2025

Protocadherin 19 (PCDH19) is an adhesion molecule involved in cell-cell interaction whose mutations cause a drug-resistant form of epilepsy, named PCDH19-Clustering Epilepsy (PCDH19-CE, MIM 300088). The mechanism by which altered PCDH19 function drive pathogenesis is not yet fully understood. Our previous work showed that PCDH19 dysfunction is associated with altered orientation of the mitotic spindle and accelerated neurogenesis, suggesting a contribution of altered cytoskeleton organization in PCDH19-CE pathogenesis in the control of cell division and differentiation. Here, we evaluate the consequences of altered PCDH19 function on microfilaments and microtubules organization, using a disease model obtained from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. We show that iPSC-derived cortical neurons are characterized by altered cytoskeletal dynamics, suggesting that this protocadherin has a role in modulating stability of MFs and MTs. Consistently, the levels of acetylated-tubulin, which is related with stable MTs, are significantly increased in cortical neurons derived from the patient’s iPSCs compared to control cells, supporting the idea that the altered dynamics of the MTs depends on their increased stability. Finally, performing live-imaging experiments using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and by monitoring GFP-tagged end binding protein 3 (EB3) “comets,” we observe an impairment of the plus-end polymerization speed in PCDH19-mutated cortical neurons, therefore confirming the impaired MT dynamics. In addition to altering the mitotic spindle formation, the present data unveil that PCDH19 dysfunction leads to altered cytoskeletal rearrangement, providing therapeutic targets and pharmacological options to treat this disorder.
Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells towards lens epithelial stem cells based on three-dimensional bio-printed matrix
Authors: Liu Yufan , Wang Zuowei , Ma Tianju , Gao Yi , Chen Wenqian , Ye Zi , Li Zhaohui
Published: January 2025

The high risks of traumatic cataract treatments promoted the development of the concept of autologous lens regeneration. Biochemical cues can influence the cellular behavior of stem cells, and in this case, biophysical cues may be the important factors in producing rapid activation of cellular behavior. Here we bio-printed mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) using a commonly used bioink sodium alginate-gelatin blends, and investigated the induction effect of MSC differentiation towards lens epithelial stem cells (LESCs) under a combination of biochemical cues and biophysical cues. It was found that biochemical cues in the porous three-dimensional (3D) matrix constructed using bioink sodium alginate-gelatin blends for bio-printing did not reduce the cell viability of loaded MSCs in the matrix by scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation and cell viability detection. Loaded MSCs in the matrix were consistently upregulated in the expression of proteins and genes involved in phenotypes and development signaling pathways of LESCs, as detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the support of biochemical cues. These results indicated that biophysical cues could rapidly activate the cellular behavior of MSCs differentiation, and biochemical cues could continuously induce MSCs differentiation towards LESCs.
Association between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and telomere length: the NHANES 1999–2002
Authors: Liu Mingjie , Wang Chendong , Wei Bai
Published: January 2025

Background

The relationship between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and telomere length (TL) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate their association in a nationally representative US population.

Methods

Data from 6,342 adults aged ≥20 were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2002. The NHHR was calculated and categorized into tertiles. TL was measured as the telomere-to-standard reference DNA ratio. Multivariate linear regression and smooth curve fitting were employed to assess the association between NHHR and TL.

Results

The study population (mean age 45.1 ± 0.4 years, 48.9% male) was stratified into NHHR tertiles. Compared with the lowest NHHR tertile, the highest NHHR tertile was associated with adverse inflammatory and cardiometabolic profiles, including elevated white blood cell counts (6.88 ± 0.07–7.54 ± 0.08 × 109/L) and increased prevalence of hypertension (18.81%–25.71%) and diabetes (3.38%–7.17%). An elevated NHHR was significantly associated with a shorter TL (T/S ratio: 1.09 ± 0.02–1.03 ± 0.02; P = 0.0005). This association remained significant in partially adjusted models but was attenuated in a fully adjusted model. Significant interactions were observed for age and hypertension status.

Conclusion

This study revealed a linear inverse association between NHHR and TL, suggesting the utility of the NHHR as a novel biomarker for biological aging. Further prospective studies are warranted to validate these findings.
Effects of different doses of remimazolam on the quality of sedation and cardiac function in elderly patients: a double-blind randomised controlled study
Authors: Minghong Liu , Feng Qizhu , Chen Huichun , Li Ju , Shi Jun
Published: January 2025

Background

We intended to observe the effects of different doses of remimazolam besylate via intravenous induction on the quality of sedation and cardiac function in elderly patients.

Methods

A total of 135 ASA I–III patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were selected. They were divided into three groups and they were randomized. Low dose group (Group L): Remimazolam besylate 0.2 mg/kg; middle dose group (Group M): Remimazolam besylate 0.3 mg/kg; High dose group (Group H): Remimazolam besylate 0.4 mg/kg. There were 45 patients in each group. The blood pressure, heart rate, BIS values, cardiac function before induction (T0), after induction (T1) and after intubation (T2), as well as the length of loss of consciousness, duration of sedation, and extubation and adverse events were recorded.

Results

At T1 and T2, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in Group M were lower than those in Group L, but higher than those in Group H, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). At T1 and T2, the BIS value in Group M was lower than that in Group L, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) in BIS values between Group M and Group H; At T1 and T2, the cardiac output and stroke volume in Group M were higher than those in Group H, while the systemic vascular resistance in Group M was lower than that in Group H, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05); The incidences of bucking when moving and hiccup in Group L were higher than those in Group M and Group H, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). The number of vasoactive drugs used in Group H was higher than that in Group L and Group M, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

General anesthesia induction with remimazolam besylate at 0.3 mg/kg in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy showed good quality of sedation, could achieve rapid intubation, with minimal effect on cardiac function and generally favorable safety profile.
Enhanced fibrotic potential of COL1A1hiNR4A1low fibroblasts in ischemic heart revealed by transcriptional dynamics heterogeneity analysis at both bulk and single-cell levels
Authors: Luo Cheng , Tan Baoping , Chu Luoxiang , Chen Liqiang , Zhong Xinglong , Jiang Yangyang , Yan Yuluan , Mo Fanrui , Wang Hong , Yang Fan
Published: January 2025

Background

Fibroblasts in the fibrotic heart exhibit a heterogeneous biological behavior. The specific subsets of fibroblasts that contribute to progressive cardiac fibrosis remain unrevealed. Our aim is to identify the heart fibroblast (FB) subsets that most significantly promote fibrosis and the related critical genes as biomarkers for ischemic heart disease.

Methods

The single nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) and bulk RNA sequencing datasets used in this study were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The activity of gene sets related to progressive fibrosis was quantified for each FB cluster using the AddmoleculeScore function. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for the specific cell cluster with the highest fibrotic transcription dynamics were identified and integrated with bulk RNA sequencing data for analysis. Multiple machine learning models were employed to identify the optimal gene panel for diagnosing ischemic heart disease (IHD) based on the intersected DEGs. The effectiveness and robustness of the gene-derived diagnostic tool were validated using two independent IHD cohorts.Subsequently, we validated the signature genes using a rat post-myocardial infarction heart failure model.

Results

We conducted an analysis on high-quality snRNA-seq data obtained from 3 IHD and 4 cardiac sarcoidosis heart samples, resulting in the identification of 16 FB clusters. Cluster2 exhibited the highest gene activity in terms of fibrosis-related transcriptome dynamics. The characteristic gene expression profile of this FB subset indicated a specific upregulation of COL1A1 and several pro-fibrotic factors, including CCDC102B, GUCY1A3, TEX41, NREP, TCAP, and WISP, while showing a downregulation of NR4A1, an endogenous inhibitor of the TGF-β pathway. Consequently, we designated this subgroup as COL1A1hiNR4A1low FB. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) shows that the gene expression pattern of COL1A1hiNR4A1low FB was closer to pathways associated with cardiac fibrosis. Through machine learning, ten feature genes from COL1A1hiNR4A1low FB were selected to construct a diagnostic tool for IHD. The robustness of this new tool was validated using an independent cohort and heart failure rats.

Conclusion

COL1A1hiNR4A1low FB possess heightened capability in promoting cardiac fibrosis. Additionally, it offers molecular insights into the mechanisms underlying the regulation of the TGF-β pathway. Furthermore, the characteristic genes of COL1A1hiNR4A1 FB could serve as valuable tools for diagnosing of IHD.
Research on the impact of digital economy development on mineral resource utilization efficiency
Authors: Tian Ye , Chen Min , Yang Wu , Wu Xiaoxuan , Cheng Manli , Liu Wei
Published: January 2025

The international geopolitical crisis and the rigid management system increase the risk of a mineral crisis in China, but the development of the digital economy provides a possibility for the efficient utilization of mineral resources. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) from 2011 to 2022, this research measures the level of China’s digital economy development and the utilization efficiency of mineral resources, and examines the transmission path of the digital economy development on the utilization efficiency of mineral resources by using the mediation effect model. The results show that (1) the development of the digital economy can significantly improve the utilization efficiency of mineral resources, and this conclusion is still valid after the instrumental variables method and other robustness tests. For every unit of progress in the development of the digital economy, mineral resource efficiency improves by 0.226. (2) The upgrading of industrial structure and technological progress play a mediating role in the digital economy and the improvement of mineral resource utilization efficiency. (3) The digital economy has a significant heterogeneous effect on the utilization efficiency of mineral resources in China’s eastern, central, and western regions, with the most prominent positive effect in the central and western regions. The positive effect is most prominent in the Midwest at 0.180, and is not significant in the East.
A novel method for power transformer fault diagnosis considering imbalanced data samples
Authors: Chen Jun , Wang Yong , Kong Lingming , Chen Yilong , Chen Mianzhi , Cai Qian , Sheng Gehao
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Machine learning-based power transformer fault diagnosis methods often grapple with the challenge of imbalanced fault case distributions across different categories, potentially degrading diagnostic accuracy. To address this issue and enhance the accuracy and operational efficiency of power transformer fault diagnosis models, this paper presents a novel fault diagnosis model that integrates Neighborhood Component Analysis (NCA) and k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) learning, with the incorporation of correction factors.

Methods

The methodology begins by introducing a correction factor into the objective function of the NCA algorithm to reduce the impact of sample imbalance on model training. We derive a sample parameter correlation quantization matrix from oil chromatography fault data using association rules, which serves as the initial value for the NCA algorithm’s training metric matrix. The metric matrix obtained from training is then applied to perform a mapping transformation on the input data for the KNN classifier, thereby reducing the distance between similar samples and enhancing KNN classification performance. Hyperparameter tuning is achieved through the Bayesian optimization algorithm to identify the model parameter set that maximizes test set accuracy.

Results

Analysis of the transformer fault case library reveals that the model proposed in this paper reduces diagnostic time by nearly half compared to traditional machine learning diagnosis models. Additionally, the accuracy for minority sample classes is improved by at least 15% compared to other models.

Discussion

The integration of NCA and KNN with correction factors not only mitigates the effects of sample imbalance but also significantly enhances the operational efficiency and diagnostic accuracy of power transformer fault diagnosis. The proposed model’s performance improvements highlight the potential of this approach for practical applications in the field of power transformer maintenance and diagnostics.
Effects of ibuprofen and microplastics on movement, growth and reproduction in the freshwater snail Physella acuta
Authors: Elías Daniel , Ramirez Vieytez Jazmin , Funoy Sayar Morena , Loaisiga Jorge , Harper Ayden , Doll Jason
Published: January 2025

Emerging contaminants such as microplastics and pharmaceuticals in freshwater ecosystems are a growing concern, seriously affecting aquatic organisms. Ibuprofen, a widely used anti-inflammatory drug, is commonly found in rivers, streams, and water systems where it is discharged. As a result, organisms that inhabit these environments, such as snails, are affected in their natural habitats. This study examines the effects of microplastics (10 μg/L), ibuprofen (500 μg/L), and a combination of ibuprofen (500 μg/L) and microplastics (10 μg/L) on growth, movement, and reproduction in Physella acuta, a freshwater snail species. While no significant effects were observed on movement or number of egg clusters, there was a significant decrease in growth when snails were exposed to microplastics or the combination of microplastics and ibuprofen (p = 0.021). Additionally, snail egg production decreased when exposed to ibuprofen (p = 0.001) but increased when exposed to microplastics (p = 0.002). Microplastic exposure produced more eggs than ibuprofen (p < 0.001) and ibuprofen and microplastics combined (p < 0.001). Our results suggest that ibuprofen affects growth and the total number of eggs, likely due to oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, or disrupted hormonal pathways. In contrast, microplastics may have caused digestive system blockage, thus affecting energy allocation for growth and reproduction. Changes in snail fitness can directly and indirectly affect food webs and nutrient cycles, highlighting the need for research on these pollutants to understand their chronic and long-term effects on ecosystems.
Impacts of climate-driven insect population change on sawtimber provisioning, carbon sequestration, and water retention: a case study of bark beetle outbreaks in the USA
Authors: Chen Haojie , Sloggy Matthew R. , Flake Samuel W. , Evans Samuel , Maxwell Charles J.
Published: January 2025

A key issue in landscape management, whether public or private, is the mitigation of disturbance events that impact vegetation, ecosystem health, and thus ecosystem services (ESs). Although many studies have found significant tree mortality due to insect infestations, there is still insufficient understanding of how these infestations alter ESs and their associated economic values. Addressing this research gap can assist forest managers and decision-makers in refining and implementing adaptive management practices and policies, while enhancing the resilience of forests and their ESs. We investigated the impacts of bark beetle outbreaks on three ESs (timber provisioning, water retention, and carbon sequestration) in the Lake Tahoe region of Northern California and Northern Nevada. Using the landscape simulation model LANDIS-II, we examined differences between a business-as-usual management scenario and an enhanced management scenario with respect to the amount of aboveground tree biomass and ESs impacted by beetle outbreaks. Since insect infestation is also influenced by climate, each of the two management scenarios considered three different climate scenarios: a scenario with average historical climate (no climate change); a warmer, wetter scenario from the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate (MIROC); and a hotter, drier scenario from the Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques (CNRM). Results show that a warmer and drier climate results in more severe beetle-induced tree mortality than a wetter and cooler climate, resulting in greater negative impacts to ESs. The estimated loss of ES value is approximately $0.2 to $0.8 million USD per year. Enhanced management is more capable than business-as-usual practices to prevent beetle damages to trees and ESs.
Marfan syndrome: insights from animal models
Authors: Jiang Yuanyuan , Jia Ping , Feng Xiaoying , Zhang Dingding
Published: January 2025

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an inherited disorder that affects the connective tissues and mainly presents in the bones, eyes, and cardiovascular system, etc. Aortic pathology is the leading cause of death in patients with Marfan syndrome. The fibrillin-1 gene (FBN1) is a major gene involved in the pathogenesis of MFS. It has been shown that the aortic pathogenesis of MFS is associated with the imbalances of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway. However, the exact molecular mechanism of MFS is unclear. Animal models may partially mimic MFS and are vital to the study of MFS. Several species of animals have been used for MFS studies, including chicks, cattle, mice, pigs, zebrafishes, Caenorhabditis elegans, and rabbits. These models were developed spontaneously or in combination with genetic engineering techniques. This review is to describe the TGF-β signaling pathway in MFS and the potential application of animal models to provide new therapeutic strategies for patients with MFS.