bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of NS2B-NS3 Protease Inhibitors for Therapeutic Application in ZIKV Infection: A Pharmacophore-Based High-Throughput Virtual Screening and MD Simulations Approaches
Authors: Rehman Hafiz Muzzammel , Sajjad Muhammad , Ali Muhammad Akhtar , Gul Roquyya , Irfan Muhammad , Naveed Muhammad , Bhinder Munir Ahmad , Ghani Muhammad Usman , Hussain Nadia , Said Amira S. A. , Al Haddad Amal H. I. , Saleem Mahjabeen
Published: January 2023

Zika virus (ZIKV) pandemic and its implication in congenital malformations and severe neurological disorders had created serious threats to global health. ZIKV is a mosquito-borne flavivirus which spread rapidly and infect a large number of people in a shorter time-span. Due to the lack of effective therapeutics, this had become paramount urgency to discover effective drug molecules to encounter the viral infection. Various anti-ZIKV drug discovery efforts during the past several years had been unsuccessful to develop an effective cure. The NS2B-NS3 protein was reported as an attractive therapeutic target for inhibiting viral proliferation, due to its central role in viral replication and maturation of non-structural viral proteins. Therefore, the current in silico drug exploration aimed to identify the novel inhibitors of Zika NS2B-NS3 protease by implementing an e-pharmacophore-based high-throughput virtual screening. A 3D e-pharmacophore model was generated based on the five-featured (ADPRR) pharmacophore hypothesis. Subsequently, the predicted model is further subjected to the high-throughput virtual screening to reveal top hit molecules from the various small molecule databases. Initial hits were examined in terms of binding free energies and ADME properties to identify the candidate hit exhibiting a favourable pharmacokinetic profile. Eventually, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations studies were conducted to evaluate the binding stability of the hit molecule inside the receptor cavity. The findings of the in silico analysis manifested affirmative evidence for three hit molecules with −64.28, −55.15 and −50.16 kcal/mol binding free energies, as potent inhibitors of Zika NS2B-NS3 protease. Hence, these molecules holds the promising potential to serve as a prospective candidates to design effective drugs against ZIKV and related viral infections.
COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Related Factors among Unvaccinated Pregnant Women during the Pandemic Period in Turkey
Authors: Sezerol Mehmet , Davun Selin
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 virus appeared in Wuhan, China in 2019 and spread rapidly all over the world. Vaccination guidelines have recommended pregnant women to get vaccinated against COVID-19 to prevent disease. This study aimed to understand the willingness of pregnant women to vaccinate and the factors associated with their hesitation and resistance. This cross-sectional study was conducted between March and April 2022. The sample size was not calculated and tried to reach all pregnant women who did not have any COVID-19 vaccine. In the first part of the questionnaire, socio-demographic questions, and in the last part, the short form of the 12-item anti-vaccine scale, which was prepared as a 5-point Likert scale, were applied. The study was completed with 561 pregnant women. The mean score of the pregnant women who participated in this study from the vaccine hesitancy scale was found to be 33.40 ± 6.07. It was found that as the income of pregnant women decreased, the vaccine hesitancy scores decreased. Vaccine hesitancy scores of those who stated no one gave advice were significantly higher. The vaccination of pregnant women will bring significant success to the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic when implemented as part of the public health policies of countries.
Analysis of the Formation Mechanism of Medium and Low-Temperature Geothermal Water in Wuhan Based on Hydrochemical Characteristics
Authors: Yin Zhibin , Li Xuan , Huang Changsheng , Chen Wei , Hou Baoquan , Li Xiaozhe , Han Wenjing , Hou Pingping , Han Jihong , Ren Chonghe , Zou Jin , Hua Shan , Xu Liansan , Zhao Ziliang
Published: January 2023

Wuhan and its surrounding areas have obvious geothermal spring outcrops, which are unexplored potential geothermal resources. The degree of geothermal resource development in Wuhan is low, and there is a lack of systematic research on their hydrochemical characteristics and formation mechanism. The Wuhan area is bounded by the Xiang-Guang fault, the South Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt in the north, and the Yangtze landmass in the south, with Silurian and Quaternary outcrops and little bedrock outcrops. The Silurian is the main water barrier in the region, which separates the upper Triassic and Paleogene as shallow aquifers and the lower Cambrian and Ordovician as deep aquifers. Different strata are connected by a series of fault structures, which constitute Wuhan’s unique groundwater water-bearing system. Eleven geothermal water (23~52 °C) and six surface water samples (around 22 °C) were collected from the study area. The geothermal water in the study area is weakly alkaline, with a pH of 7.04~8.24. The chemical type of geothermal water is mainly deep SO42− with a higher TDS and shallow HCO3− type water with a lower TDS. Isotopic analysis indicates that atmospheric precipitation and water-rock interaction are the main ionic sources of geothermal water. The chemical composition of geothermal water is dominated by ion-exchange interactions and the dissolution of carbonates and silicates. The characteristic coefficients, correlation analysis, water chemistry type, recharge elevation, geothermal water age, reservoir temperature, and cycle depth were also analyzed. The performance was similar in the same geothermal reservoir, which could be judged as an obviously deep and shallow geothermal fluid reservoir, and the genetic conceptual model of Wuhan geothermal was preliminarily deduced. DXR-8 and DXR-9 had the best reservoir conditions, hydrodynamic conditions, rapid alternation of water bodies, and large circulation depth, which is a favorable location for geothermal resource development and will bring considerable economic and social benefits.
Optimal Design of Fractional-Order Electrical Network for Vehicle Mechatronic ISD Suspension Using the Structure-Immittance Approach
Authors: Hua Jie , Shen Yujie , Yang Xiaofeng , Zhang Ying , Liu Yanling
Published: January 2023

In order to more effectively design the structure of vehicle ISD (Inerter Spring Damper) suspension system using the inerter, this paper proposed a design method using a fractional-order electrical network structure of a mechatronic inerter for fractional-order electrical network components, according to the characteristics that the external electrical network of a mechatronic inerter can simulate the corresponding mechanical network structure equivalently. First, the 1/4 dynamic model of the suspension is constructed. The improved Oustaloup filtering algorithm is used to simulate fractional calculus, and the fractional order components are simulated. Then, the simulation model of the vehicle mechatronic ISD suspension is established. In order to simplify the electrical network, one resistance, one fractional inductance and one fractional capacitance are limited in the design of the fractional electrical network at the outer end of the mechatronic inerter. The structure-immittance approach is used to obtain two general layouts of all possible structures of three elements. At the same time, the optimal fractional electrical network structure and parameters are obtained by combining the optimization algorithm. The simulation results verify the performance of the fractional ISD suspension with the optimized structure, which can provide a new idea for the structural design of a fractional-order electrical network applied in vehicle mechatronic ISD suspension.
Choosing the Adhesive for Microtensile Bond Strength Tests
Authors: Borhy Levente , Leveles Borbála , Kemény Alexandra
Published: January 2023

Dental fillings are one of the most widespread minimal invasive procedures in modern restorative dentistry. Thanks to the advantages of recently developed filling materials, adhesive systems, and filling techniques, it is possible to create high strength, long-lasting dental fillings. Qualifying these structures is a complicated procedure; the most common method is the use of a microtensile bond strength test, for which specimens need to be formed and stabilised with adhesives in special jigs. During our research, three different cyanoacrylates were examined to find the ideal adhesive for bonding the metal and dentin and the metal and EverX short fibre composite, respectively.
Application of Artificial Neural Networks in Adsorption Studies. A case study
Authors: Mihály Norbert-Botond , Csavdári Alexandra
Published: January 2023

The work focuses on the development of an artificial neural network (ANN) based model that can describe the adsorption of benzalkonium chloride from aqueous solutions onto commercially available kitchen paper. Various ANN architectures were tested in order to find the most suitable one in terms of overlapping between calculated and measured output data (coefficient of determination and mean absolute percentage error), as well as correctly interpolating outputs when using inputs form inside the experimental training range. The networks all had 4 inputs and 1 output, as well as a single hidden layer. Optimal ANN design was sought by varying both the number of neurons in the hidden layer and the type of transfer function towards it. The best find was employed in assessing the relative importance of input parameter values in the output, as well as the model’s suitability for predictions outside the training range.
Adaptive Design of Fluorescence Imaging Systems for Custom Resolution, Fields of View, and Geometries
Authors: Wang Roujia , Deutsch Riley J. , Sunassee Enakshi D. , Crouch Brian T. , Ramanujam Nirmala
Published: January 2023

Objective and Impact Statement:
We developed a generalized computational approach to design uniform, high-intensity excitation light for low-cost, quantitative fluorescence imaging of in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo samples with a single device.
Introduction:
Fluorescence imaging is a ubiquitous tool for biomedical applications. Researchers extensively modify existing systems for tissue imaging, increasing the time and effort needed for translational research and thick tissue imaging. These modifications are application-specific, requiring new designs to scale across sample types.
Methods:
We implemented a computational model to simulate light propagation from multiple sources. Using a global optimization algorithm and a custom cost function, we determined the spatial positioning of optical fibers to generate 2 illumination profiles. These results were implemented to image core needle biopsies, preclinical mammary tumors, or tumor-derived organoids. Samples were stained with molecular probes and imaged with uniform and nonuniform illumination.
Results:
Simulation results were faithfully translated to benchtop systems. We demonstrated that uniform illumination increased the reliability of intraimage analysis compared to nonuniform illumination and was concordant with traditional histological findings. The computational approach was used to optimize the illumination geometry for the purposes of imaging 3 different fluorophores through a mammary window chamber model. Illumination specifically designed for intravital tumor imaging generated higher image contrast compared to the case in which illumination originally optimized for biopsy images was used.
Conclusion:
We demonstrate the significance of using a computationally designed illumination for in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo fluorescence imaging. Application-specific illumination increased the reliability of intraimage analysis and enhanced the local contrast of biological features. This approach is generalizable across light sources, biological applications, and detectors.
Freeform Illuminator for Computational Microscopy
Authors: Song Pengming , Wang Tianbo , Jiang Shaowei , Guo Chengfei , Wang Ruihai , Yang Liming , Zhou You , Zheng Guoan
Published: January 2023

Programmable illumination control is essential for many computational microscopy techniques. Conventional light source array is often arranged on a fixed grid of a planar surface for providing programmable sample illumination. Here, we report the development of a freeform illuminator that can be arranged at arbitrary 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional (3D) surface structures for computational microscopy. The freeform illuminator can be designed in a small form factor with a dense light source arrangement in 3D. It can be placed closer to the sample for providing angle-varied illumination with higher optical flux and smaller angular increment. With the freeform illuminators, we develop a calibration process using a low-cost Raspberry-Pi image sensor coated with a monolayer of blood cells. By tracking the positional shift of the blood-cell diffraction patterns at 2 distinct regions of the coded sensor, we can infer the 3D positions of the light source elements in a way similar to the stereo vision reconstruction approach. To demonstrate the applications for computational microscopy, we validate the freeform illuminators for Fourier ptychographic microscopy, 3D tomographic imaging, and on-chip microscopy. We also present a longitudinal study by tracking the growth of live bacterial cultures over a large field of view. The reported freeform illuminators and the related calibration process offer flexibilities and extended scope for imaging innovations in computational microscopy.
Exploring the Structural Relationship among Perceived Social Support, Self-Determined Motivation, Classroom Engagement, and Prosocial Behavior of Elementary School Students
Authors:   INSTITUTE FOR EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH, Chung Yooji , Yeom Hyeseon , Lim Sungae
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to comprehensively explore the effects of students' perceived social support from their friends, teachers, and parents on prosocial behavior and classroom engagement through self-determined motivation. The subjects of the survey were the 4th graders of elementary school and used the data of 399 students. To verify the structural relationship between the variables, the structural equation model was analyzed, and the mediating effect was verified using Sobel's z-test. The main results of the study were: First, friend support had a positive effect on identified and internal regulation, teacher support had a negative effect on external regulation, and parental support had a positive effect on identified regulation but a negative effect on external regulation. Second, support from friends and teachers showed positive effects on both prosocial behavior and classroom engagement. Third, both identified and internal regulation had a positive effect on classroom engagement, and external regulation had a negative effect on classroom engagement. Fourth, in terms of mediating effect, internal regulation on prosocial behavior and identified regulation on classroom engagement in friend support, external regulation on classroom engagement and internal regulation on prosocial behavior in teacher support, and external regulation on classroom engagement in parental support. This study is significant in reconfirming that social support is an influential factor in increasing autonomous motivation, and that high-quality autonomous motivation is important for prosocial behavior and active classroom engagement.
Doba laténská v severní části Boskovické brázdy ve světle drobných kovových nálezů
Authors: Vích David
Published: January 2023

V letech 2005–2016 se s pomocí detektoru kovů podařilo získat kolekci kovových předmětů z doby laténské v geomorfologicky vyhraněném prostoru Malé Hané na pomezí východních Čech a severozápadní Moravy. Předměty dokládají zdejší osídlení nejpozději od LT B2. Mezi nálezy domácí provenience zaujímají významné místo předměty s vazbou k industriálnímu a obchodnímu centru v Němčicích nad Hanou. Z prostředí jastorfské kultury pochází tzv. Kronenhalsring. Jihovýchodního původu je odlévaná bronzová spona a botka kopí zhotovená podle řeckého vzoru.
Surgically Induced Necrotizing Scleritis setelah Eksisi Pterygium Metode Bare Sclera
Authors: Gunawan Fanny , Fajriansyah Angga , Heryati Susi , Mustaram Arief Akhdestira , Muslima Patriotika , Idrus Elfa Ali
Published: January 2023

Pendahuluan: Surgically induced necrotizing scleritis (SINS) merupakan komplikasi yang jarang dan terjadi setelah operasi okular. Sebagian besar kasus SINS berkaitan dengan penyakit autoimun sistemik. Skleritis setelah eksisi pterygium dapat terjadi akibat penggunaan iradiasi-?, mitomicin-C, dan kauterisasi berlebihan. Metode bare sclera pada eksisi pterygium dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya skleritis.
Tujuan: Mendeskripsikan dua kasus SINS setelah eksisi pterygium dengan metode bare sclera.
Presentasi kasus : Kasus pertama, pria berusia 44 tahun mengeluh terdapat bercak cokelat di area putih mata kirinya sejak 1 minggu sebelumnya. Pasien memiliki riwayat eksisi pterygium tanpa jahitan 3 minggu yang lalu. Tekanan intraokular sebesar 45 mmHg. Pasien diterapi dengan metilprednisolon oral, tetes mata fluorometolon, dan obat antiglakukoma. Kasus kedua, pria berusia 30 tahun mengeluh terdapat bercak cokelat pada area putih mata kanan sejak 1 minggu sebelumnya. Terdapat riwayat eksisi pterygium tanpa jahitan 3 minggu yang lalu. Pasien mendapat terapi metilpredinolon oral dan tetes mata prednisolon asetat. Kedua pasien menunjukkan perbaikan klinis setelah pemberian steroid.
Kesimpulan: Etiologi infeksi perlu disingkirkan sebelum mendiagnosis SINS dengan terapi superinfeksi yang adekuat. Penanganan SINS berupa pemberian kortikosteroid dan agen imunosupresif. Tectonic grafting diperlukan untuk kasus berat.
C -Reactive Protein, Leukocyte Count and Neutrophils: A Diagnostic Aid in Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Shaheen Hijab , Yasmeen Nuzhat , Manzoor Ruqayya , Saeed Sumbal , Fatima Itrat , Tariq Rabia , Batool Zehra
Published: January 2023

Background: Malnutrition is known to be a poor prognostic factor affecting the outcome of pediatric cancers. The objective of this study was to assess the pre-existing malnutrition in newly diagnosed pediatric cancer patients presenting at the Pediatric Oncology Department, Children Hospital, PIMS and their number of hospital admissions due to causes other than chemotherapy.

Methodology: Data of 44 newly diagnosed children with cancer was analyzed to find out the association of nutritional status according to z-score for weight and height for age, body mass index (BMI) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) with their number of hospital admissions for 6 months since their date of diagnosis.

Results: The mean age of the study subjects was 4.25 ± 2.85 years, out of which 33(75%) were males and 11(25%) females. Most of the patients were diagnosed with leukemia or lymphoma.  Nutritional status evaluation of thirty patients who got admitted was mild to moderate wasting in 24(80%) assessed by weight for age, mild to moderate stunting in 21 (70%) according to height for age and mild to severe malnutrition in 10 (33%) based on body mass index and mid upper arm circumference (MUAC). There was significant association between nutritional status of patients at the time of diagnosis with additional hospitalization with p value less than 0.05

Conclusion: Malnutrition at the time of diagnosis is significantly associated with an increase in the number of hospital admissions in pediatric cancer patients.

Key words: Hospitalization, Malnutrition, Oncology, Pediatric
Pengaruh Strategi Harga Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Konsumen Industri Ritel Di Era New Normal
Authors: Rahmayani Rury Dwi , Dharmawati Desak Made
Published: January 2023

Era pandemi Covid-19 hingga new normal dikonfirmasi telah mempengaruhi segala aspek kehidupan termasuk lingkup pemasaran, khususnya industri ritel. Tampaknya mengetahui keputusan konsumen dalam melakukan pembelian penting untuk dilakukan, salah satunya pengaruh strategi harga. Maka, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh strategi harga terhadap keputusan pembelian. Prima Freshmart dipilih sebagai objek representatif. Metode penelitian menggunakan kuantitatif asosiatif, teknik analisis data regresi linear sederhana digunakan dengan tahapan uji validitas – reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik, dan uji linieritas sederhana, serta teknik sampling non-probability (purposive sampling) digunakan (diperoleh sampel berjumlah 88, konsumen Prima Freshmart). Aplikasi pengolah data yang digunakan ialah SPSS 26.0. Hasil penelitian ialah H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima, artinya ada pengaruh signifikan dan positif strategi harga terhadap keputusan pembelian. Saran penelitian akan datang juga dibahas.
Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Likuiditas, Earning Per Share, dan Penghindaran Pajak Terhadap Harga Saham pada Perusahaan Indeks LQ45 yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2018 -2021
Authors: Handayani Fitri , Susanti
Published: January 2023

The objective of the research was to find out the influence of Profitability, Liquidity, Earning per Share (EPS), and Tax Avoidance on Stock Price in the LQ45 Index companies listed in BEI (Indonesian Stock Exchange) Period 2018 - 2021. The research used associative causal method. The samples were 23 LQ45 companies listed in BEI (Indonesian Stock Exchange) in the period 2018 – 2021, taken by using purposive sampling technique. Secondary data were analyzed by using multiple linear regression analysis and interaction (moderating) test with SPSS 25 software program. The result of the research showed that, partially, Earnings per Share (EPS) had positive and significant influence on stock prices while Profitability, Liquidity, and Tax Avoidance have no insignificant influence on stock prices.
Pengaruh Struktur Modal dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Pajak Penghasilan Badan Non Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2017-2020
Authors: Simanjuntak Owen De Pinto , Sitorus Anggi Pratiwi , Syafrizal Rodi
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine whether capital structure and profitability affect corporate income tax partially and simultaneously. This research is included in the quantitative research. The population of this study is non-manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2017 to 2020, with a population of 370 people. The total sample consists of 17 companies, of which he made 68 observations over a four-year study period. Sampling by target sampling technique. The statistical method used is multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS version 25 to process the data. The analytical methods used include traditional acceptance tests including descriptive statistics, normality, multicollinearity, heteroskedasticity, autocorrelation, and decision and hypothesis tests. The results of this study show that capital structure has a partially positive and insignificant effect, profitability has a partially positive and significant effect, and at the same time the significant probability values ​​of capital structure and profitability are non-economic It has been shown to have a positive and significant effect on public interest. Manufacturing Corporate Income Tax IDX 2017-2020 Listed Companies.
كَسْرُ ثُنائيَّةِ (العُمْدَة/الفَضْلَة) في آياتِ النَّهْيِ السَّبَبِيِّ رُؤْيَةٌ وَظيفِيَّةٌ
Authors: أ.م.د. كيان أحمد حازم
Published: January 2023

يُعْنَى بَحْثي هذا بِدِراسَةِ ظاهِرَةِ تَبادُلِ الأَدوارِ بينَ العُمَدِ والفَضلاتِ في أُسلوبٍ بَليغٍ مِن أَساليبِ العربيَّةِ لَم أَجِدْ مَن اصطَلَحَ على أَمثِلَتِهِ اصطِلاحًا مُحَدَّدًا، وهوَ ما أُسَمِّيهِ أُسلوبَ (النَّهْي السَّبَبيّ). وضابِطُهُ وُرودُ النَّهْيِ لِجِهَةٍ لا يَصِحُّ تَوجيهُهُ إليها، فلِذلكَ يُصْرَفُ إلى النَّهْيِ لِجِهَةٍ أُخرَى تَصِحُّ مُلابَسَتُهُ لَها.

وَلِما لِعِبارَةِ (لا أَرَيَنَّكَ ههُنا) مِن مَركَزِيَّةٍ في هذا الموضوعِ أَدرَجَ العُلَماءُ كُلَّ الحالاتِ التي فيها نَهْيٌ لِجِهَةٍ لا يَصِحُّ تَوجيهُهُ إليها تَحْتَ بابِ (لا أَرَيَنَّكَ هاهُنا). فالنَّهْيُ السَّبَبِيُّ في هذهِ العِبارَةِ مُوَجَّهٌ مِن المُتَكَلِّمِ إلى نَفْسِهِ، في حينِ أَنَّهُ كانَ في الأَصلِ الذي هوَ: لا تَكُنْ هاهُنا فَأَراكَ، مُوَجَّهًا إلى المُخاطَبِ، فقد فارَقَ مَنْهِيَّهُ الأَصْلِيَّ إلى مَنْهِيٍّ جَديدٍ. ويُحَقِّقُ هذا العُدولُ في النَّهْيِ بِذِكْرِ المُسَبَّبِ بَدَلًا مِن سَبَبِهِ أَغراضًا بَلاغِيَّةً مِنها المُبالَغَةُ والمَجازُ العَقْلِيُّ بِقَلْبِ الإسنادِ والكِنايَةُ بِإطلاقِ اللَفظِ وإرادَةِ لازِمِهِ.

وقَد استَمْدَدتُّ مُصطَلَحَ (النَّهْي السَّبَبِيّ) مِن مُصطَلَحِ (النَّعْت السَّبَبِيّ) لِما بينَهُما مِن صِلَةٍ مِن حَيثُ مُفارَقَةُ كِلَيْهِما مُلابِسَهُ الظّاهِرَ إلى مُلابِسٍ آخَرَ.

وسيَكونُ اعتِمادُ البَحثِ في تَحليلِ أَمثِلَةِ النَّهْيِ السَّبَبيِّ على النَّحوِ الوَظيفِيِّ مِن خِلالِ أُطروحَةِ أَحَدِ أَعلامِهِ، وهوَ أَندريه مارتينيه، التي يُمكِنُ إجمالُ خُطوطِها العَريضَةِ في أَنَّ المَلفوظَ يَضُمُّ كَلِماتٍ مُتَفاوِتَةَ الأَهمِّيَّةِ؛ بَعضُها ضَرورِيَّةٌ وتُسَمّى الكَلِماتِ الإسنادِيَّةَ، وتَكونُ بِمَنزِلَةِ عِمادِ المَلفوظِ وتُشَكِّلُ نَواةَ ما يُسَمّى المَلفوظَ الأَدْنَى؛ وبَعضُها غَيرُ ضَروريَّةٍ وتُسَمّى تَوَسُّعًا، وهيَ تَأتي بَعْدَ الكَلِماتِ الإسنادِيَّةِ وتُمَثِّلُ كُلَّ ما ليسَ ضَرورِيًّا في الجُملَةِ. فالتَّحليلُ الوَظيفِيُّ لِتَركيبِ الجُملَةِ يَقومُ على التَّفريقِ بينَ أَمرَيْنِ: المَلفوظِ الأَدْنَى، والتَّوَسُّعِ. فاستِنادًا إلى هذا التَّحليلِ يَحدُثُ في أَمثِلَةِ النَّهْيِ السَّبَبِيِّ تَبادُلٌ بينَ عَناصِرِ الجُملَةِ؛ إذ يَحلُّ بَعضُ عَناصِرِ التَّوَسُّعِ، وقَد كانَ خارِجَ نِطاقِ الإسنادِ، مَحلَّ بَعضِ عَناصِرِ المَلفوظِ الأَدْنَى الإسنادِيِّ، في كَسْرٍ واضِحٍ لِصَرامَةِ ثُنائيَّةِ (العُمْدَة/الفَضْلَة).

واقتَضَت طَبيعَةُ البَحْثِ أَن يُجعَلَ في مَبحَثَيْنِ تَنظيرِيٍّ وإجرائيٍّ تَسبِقُهُما مُقَدِّمَةٌ وتَتلوهُما خاتِمَةٌ يَأتي بَعدَها مَسرَدُ المَصادِرِ والمَراجَعِ.
تغليط سيبويه في كتابه بين الإنصاف والتهمة
Authors: م. د.مرتضى مزيد جبر
Published: January 2023

أبدى المتقدمون من علماء العربية عناية كبيراً في كتاب سيبويه ، وكانوا فيه على ثلاث فرق :.

الأولى:. أيدته وارتضته حكما في القضايا اللغوية كلها  وهي الفرقة الأكبر

الثانية :. شرحت الكتاب وأبوابه ، وحاولت ان تكون منصفة في نقده .

الثالثة :. طعنت فيه وسجلت عليه الاعتراضات وهي أصغر الفرق .

إنَّ البحث في أسباب الطعن والاعتراض على كتاب سيبويه انتهى الى جملة من الأسباب، كان أهمها غموض عبارة سيبويه ، واقتضابها وتنوع أبواب الكتاب من نحو وصرف وصوت ودلالة وكثرة آراء العلماء التي نقلها سيبويه وافتقار منهجية واضحة للكتاب كل ذلك جعل بعض العلماء يظنون باضطراب عبارة سيبويه وغلطها
الشرط في كتاب الكافي للكليني
Authors: د. علي حسين العكيلي
Published: January 2023

الشرط من الموضوعات القائمة على وقوع الشيء لوقوع غيره ، وهو من الموضوعات النحوية البلاغية يعتمد في أساسه على مجموعة من الأدوات منها أسماء ومنها حروف وقع منها الكثير في كتاب الكافي للكليني وهو كتاب يضم أقوال النبي محمد وآل بيته الأطهار : فقد تمثلت في كلامهم الموضوعات الشرطية بمختلف أدواتها .
BRUNO APITSNING “QASHQIRLAR CHANGALIDA” ROMANI TARJIMASIDA BADIIY TASVIRIY VOSITALARNING AKS ETISHI
Authors: NAZAROVA Mashkhura
Published: January 2023

Maqolada nemis yozuvchisi Bruno Apitsning «Qashqirlar changalida» romani haqida va ushbu asardagi badiiy tasvir vositalar, idiomatik birikmalar, ko‘chma ma'nodagi so‘z va iboralarning o‘zbek tilida qanday yoritib berilganligi xususida so‘z boradi. Ma'lumki, tasviriy vositalar asarning badiiyligini ta’min etuvchi mezonlardan biri hisoblanib, asardagi voqealar jarayonini yoritib berishda va qahramonlar xarakterini tasvirlashda muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Badiiy adabiyotda ko‘p uchraydigan o‘xshatish — badiiy tasvir vositalaridan biri bo‘lib, obyektni obrazli, ta'sirchan va ixcham ifodalash xususiyatlari bilan ajralib turadi. Yozuvchi Buxenvald konslagerida o‘zi guvoh bo‘lgan voqealarni va asar qahramonlarini, jumladan, lagerdagi fashistlarni tasvirlashda ularning o‘ziga xos individual xususiyatlarini ochishda, ruhiy holatlarni aks ettirishda, shu paytdagi manzaralarni tasvirlashda o‘xshatishlardan ko‘p foydalangan. Shu bilan birga kitobxonning diqqatini obrazning ko‘rinmas tomonlariga jalb qilib, asarning g‘oyasini ochishga yo‘naltirgan. Maqolada asarning nemis tilidagi o‘xshatishlardan misollar keltirilib, ular o‘zbek tili tarjimalarida o‘ziga xos tarzda kitobxonlarga asliyatdagi jozibani yo’qotmagan holda taqdim etilganligi va ayrim so‘zlar tarjimasi o‘z ma'nosini saqlagan holda shunga yaqin ma'no beruvchi jumlalar bilan qanday yoritilgani xususida so‘z boradi. Tahlil jarayonida tarjimon mahorati va uning asar tarjimasini xuddi asliyatdagidek yoritishga harakat qilgani ayrim jumlalar misolida ko‘rib chiqildi. Badiiy adabiyotda o‘z o‘rniga ega bo‘lgan har bir ijodkor asarlari va tarjima asarlarni tahlil etish, yozuvchi va tarjimonning mahoratini o‘rganish va baholash, ularning adabiy til rivojiga o‘z asarlari orqali qay darajada ta'sir ko‘rsatayotganligini belgilash ehtiyojidan kelib chiqadi. Nemis tilidan bevosita tarjima qilingan asarni tahlil qilarkanmiz, tom ma'noda tarjimon badiiy iste'dod va iqtidorini aniqlash imkonini beradi. Tarjimon asarni o‘zbek tiliga o‘girar ekan, tilimizdagi barcha badiiy-lug‘aviy vositalardan voqealarning asl mohiyatidan kelib chiqqan holda, asliyatdagidek o‘zbek kitobxonlariga taqdim etganligini ayrim misollar yordamida ochib berishga harakat qilindi.
A COMPARISON BETWEEN SHOW ONE, DO ONE AND TEACH ONE (SODOTO) AND MODIFIED PEYTONS AS BASIC SURGICAL SKILLS TEACHING METHODS FOR UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS.
Authors: Nalge Swapnil , Dakshish Dakshish , Gandhi Dhwani , Balusamy Divakar , Prajapati Neelam
Published: January 2023

Background: Teaching psychomotor skills to healthcare professionals is an ongoing challenge even today. These skills are utmost important to
deliver competent patient care. Traditionally show one, do one and teach one method (SODOTO) is followed in Indian context, which is poorly
structured. Thus knowledge is usually gained but skill acquisition is seldom assured. So introduction of modied PEYTONS as basic surgical
teaching method may prove to be vital for enhancing competency of the candidate.
II. Aim and Objectives:
a) To assess efcacy of modied PEYTONS 4 step approach as a teaching tool for third year phase 2 MBBS students.
b) To compare Show one, Do One and Teach One (SODOTO) and modied PEYTONS as basic surgical skill teaching method for undergraduate medical
students.
c) To compare post test scores of SODOTO Vs PEYTONS in simulated environment.
III. Methodology:
Study was conducted in the simulation laboratory of GMC, Surat. Third phase 2 undergraduate students posted in orthopaedics were divided in group A
and B.Group A will be taught by the traditional method of SODOTO in which they will be observing the procedure rst, then assist followed by doing it
themselves under guidance, in a week's time. Group B by modied PEYTONS 4 steps approach in which step 1 and 2 will be video assisted self-directed
learning that will be sent to them via whatsapp, followed by step 3 and 4 in standard manner for a particular clinical skillset. Post intervention of 7 days
assessment will be done by direct observation as per standard checklist. Flip over will be done for another basic surgical skill set for 7 days. Total of 2
surgical basic skill set of skin suturing in a simulated environment and placing an intravenous catheter will be assessed. No statistical IV. Findings:
difference was found in the scores obtained by students of conventional Vs PEYTONS method, with the p value of 0.325 suturing skills and 0.22 in IV
cannulation. But the feedback was very positive for PEYTONS group. V. Conclusions: PEYTONS four step approach is an interesting and innovative
method of learning for students and may have a better memory retention in future and different ways of teaching avoids monotony and boredom.
TO COMPARE EFFICACY OF METFORMIN VERSUS INSULIN IN IMPROVING GLYCAEMIC CONTROL OF MATERNAL & PERINATAL OUTCOME IN GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS
Authors: Mukherjee Shobha , Singh Parru , Srivastava Priyanshi
Published: January 2023

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a great burden to society. According to ACOG, gestational diabetes mellitus is dened as, any degree of glucose
intolerance that either commences, or is rst diagnosed in pregnancy Gestational diabetes mellitus pose many risks to the mother and the fetus and
its consequences lead to increased maternal and fetal morbidity. Maternal complications includes increased risk of developing pre-eclampsia,
preterm labour, chorioamnionitis,etc. The Fetal and Neonatal risks include Growth abnormalities like Macrosomia, Growth Restriction etc. Not
enough studies are available to know the efcacy of Metformin. Our aim in this study was to compare efcacy of Metformin with Insulin.
Methods: An interventional study of all women with GDM whose pregnancy was followed in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at
Rohilkhand Medical College, Bareilly, U.P, India. Our study included 330 women diagnosed as Gestational Diabetes Mellitus who needed medical
management for glycaemic control. Group A of 165 women were treated with Tab. Metformin 500 mg. Group B of 165 women were treated with
subcutaneous Insulin. The baseline characteristics of both the groups were simi Results: lar with respect to age, enrolment, nulliparity etc. There
was no signicant statistical difference (p value > 0.05) between the two groups in terms of maternal and perinatal outcomes with respect to
indicators like complications, HbA1c, pre eclampsia, side effects, etc. Conclusion: In our study we conclude that both metformin and insulin were
equally effective in achieving the glycemic control in GDM patients. Both groups were comparable in terms of incidence of maternal and neonatal
outcomes and complications with no statistical signicant difference.
A STUDY OF WAY FINDING SYSTEM IN A TERTIARY CARE GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL
Authors: Bhardwaj Nitin Dutt , Kumar Amit , Singh Supriya , Agrawal Kris
Published: January 2023

Aim: Objectives: A Study of External way nding system in a Tertiary Care Teaching Government Hospital. To identify the various external
signage and ascertain gaps as per guidelines. The study was conducted in tert Methodology: iary care government hospital. It was a cross sectional,
observational and descriptive type of study. Duration of study was 4 weeks. The data was collected by observational checklist. Parameters taken
were identication and gaps in external signage system. Results: There was availability of signs at gates (80.55 %), at buildings (86.36%), at nodes
(34.48) and edges (20%). Non-availability of signs at majority of nodes causes confusion in way nding. The map of campus was not available at
any place. The zoning of campus can be planned at top management level. The w Conclusion: ay nding committee can be formed for feasibility
study and implementation of way nding system
DEMOGRAPHY AND INTENT OF CURE OF PATIENTS WITH HEAD AND NECK CARCINOMA PRESENTING TO A TERTIARY CARE CENTER IN INDIA: URGENT NEED FOR AWARENESS PROGRAMS TO RECOGNIZE EARLY LESIONS
Authors: Samani Tabassum
Published: January 2023

Objective- the study aims to report the demographic prole and intent of cure of head and neck cancer patients at our center. Method- This singlecenter retrospective study was conducted in the department of Radiation Oncology, S.N. Medical College, Agra from Jan 2018 to Dec 2020. All the head and neck cancer patients registered in the department were included in the study. Total number of patients, their demographic prole, tumor characteristics, performance status, and intent of cure were assessed. Results- 2063 patients were included in the analysis. M:F ratio was 9: 1 and 45% of patients were from districts outside Agra. The most common histological type was squamous cell carcinoma accounting for 92% of cases.84% of patients presented in an advanced stage. The most common subsite to be involved was the oral cavity, almost 62.5%,followed by the oropharynx which accounted for 19%. The intent of treatment as assessed on the day of registration was curative in 58%, palliative in 33% and supportive in 8% of patients. Conclusion- This study reports the demographic prole of patients with head and neck cancers registered at our center. The results point to an urgent need for awareness programs for the early detection of disease and mass awareness against the use of tobacco.
“EFFICACY OF NERVE ROOT BLOCK FOR THE TREATMENT OF LUMBAR SPINAL CANAL STENOSIS IN ADULTS OLDER THAN 60 YEARS OF AGE”
Authors: Raju Byshetty , Balaji Madarapu , Ranganath Kadiri Venkata
Published: January 2023

Background:- Patients suffering from Lumbar spinal canal stenosis usually complain severe low back pain with Radiculopathy that warrants
immediate treatment. Decompression of the Lumbar spine for stenosis is a classical procedure that amiably responds by relieving the patient from
the neurogenic claudication and radiculopathy. Patients suffering from lumbar spinal canal stenosis usually prefer conservative management due to
diminished function and other associated comorbidities. Selective nerve root block or Transforaminal epidural injection for lumbar spinal canal
stenosis is a well-known conservative treatment since a long time but only a handful of the cases conrm its effectiveness in the elderly patients.
Our investigation was carried out to nd the efcacy of Selective nerve root block for lumbar spinal canal stenosis in elderly patients above age of
60 years. The research is prospective study been conducted from August 2020 to July 2022 a Methodology:- t the Orthopaedics Unit, Maheshwara
Medical College & Hospital, Chitkul, Patancheru, Telangana state. A total of 60 patients of both genders aged over 60 years with medicationresistant lumbar spinal canal stenosis without cauda equina syndrome were included in the study. Patients with acute lumbar disc herniation were
excluded. We investigated the effectiveness of selective nerve root block, number of procedures, MRI ndings and duration of disease. Depending
on duration & severity of disease, we performed 1 to 7 selective nerve root blocks by same spine surgeon. Patients who responded well are termed
as effective group and Patients whose symptoms were not relieved by selective nerve root block and went for surgery were named as ineffective
group. Out of total 60 patients, there were 22 (36.6%) male and 38 (63.3%) Female patients Results:- in the study group with a male to female ratio
of 1:7. 35 patients were satised with selective nerve root block documented by reduction in pain in Visual Analogue Scale. In our study the
effectiveness of selective nerve root block was 58%. The cross-sectional area of lumbar canal stenosis in the effective group was 108.63 mm2
whereas ineffective group had 77 mm2. This shows statistically signicant narrower area of lumbar canal in ineffective group with P value of 0.001.
Our patients didn't have severe neuralgia after selective nerve root block. Our Discussion: - study outcome revealed that more than 58% of elderly
patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis showed symptomatic relief with selective nerve root block. Selective nerve root block can be performed
in a safer way in the elderly and is likely to be a preferable treatment option for older patients with various risks like poor general condition.
Conclusions:- Transforaminal epidural injection or Selective nerve root block can be tried in multiple settings which provides symptomatic
improvement in elderly patients above 60 years of age and may be an option for conservative treatment.
CASE REPORT: A CASE OF INTRACRANIAL TUBERCULOMA MASQUARADING AS A NEUROCYSTICERCOTIC LESION
Authors: Roy Esha , Ahmed Afaq
Published: January 2023

Central nervous system manifestations of tuberculosis are the worst kind of manifestations of tuberculosis and should be ruled out . Since it can be
critical to patient's diagnosis. Thus , we present to you such a case where we were able to diagnose the patient in the early stage. A 26 year old male
patient , presented to the emergency medicine department with history of 1 episode of loss of consciousness , 1 episode of seizures and right sided
weakness in an irritable state. He was also a known alcoholic and also consumed a mixed diet . The patient was admitted to the ICU in view of
drowsiness and headache and was observed there for 24 hours..His CT Scan done outside showed showed calcied granulomas in the left parietal
lobe suggesting ?Neurocysticercosis. His other investigations were found to be within normal limits. His Fundus did not reveal any evidence of
oculocysticercosis or papilledema. CSF was found to be normal. He was started on Tab Albendazole intended for a course of 30 days , Inj
Dexamethasone , Inj Mannitol, Inj levetiracetam Inj Ceftriaxone, and other medications . His MR Spectroscopy suggested a well dened
conglomerated , ring enhancing lesion with heterogeneously T2/FLAIR iso to high and T1 hypodensity seen in left parietal lobe with surrounding
edema and mass effect. Features favouring granulomatous infective etiology,differential diagnosis: 1]Tuberculoma 2] Neurocysticercosis.. The
choline is to creatinine ratio was high to differentiate it from a neurocysticercosis lesion yet not too markedly elevated to be called a malignancy
and hence conrmed that the ring enhancing lesion was tuberculoma . Glioma was ruled out as the ring enhancing lesions of the glioma kind usually
have irregular margins and are usually mixed density. However, here .[2] Thus , he was started on anti tubercular treatment , presently the patient is
doing well.
COMPARISON OF RT PCR AND RAT IN COVID-19 PATIENTS ATTENDING TRIAGE AT GOVERNMENT GENERAL HOSPITAL, MAHABUBNAGAR, TELANGANA
Authors: Alekhy Pallati , Surekha J K , Sravanthi B
Published: January 2023

Rapid diagnosis of Novel Corona virus was important to develop at earliest, because Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test takes more time for the
procedure and during the wave sample load will be more. This study is done to identify the sensitivity and specicity of Rapid Antigen Test(RAT)
using Standard Q antigen kit. Material and methods: Samples from July 2020 to March 2021 were taken into study. Nasopharyngeal swabs were
collected and tested for COVID-19 using Rapid antigen test (RAT) and PCR test. Results: 612 samples were tested for COVID-19 using Rapid
antigen test and PCR test. Among the patients, Male predominance (58%) was seen and most of them were in the age group of 21-30 years
(21.90%). Sensitivity was 18.8% and specicity was 98.18%. Summary: RATkit used in this study has low sensitivity and high specicity, but for
rapid and accurate detection of COVID-19, RATkits with high sensitivity and high specicity should be developed.
A CASE REPORT ON GRANULOSIS RUBRA NASI
Authors: Sindhya R. , Nagapurapu Udaya , Thomas Jayakar
Published: January 2023

Granulosis Rubra Nasi is an uncommon eccrine gland disorder with an autosomal dominant inheritance. It usually occurs over the face particularly
on the tip of the nose and typically is thought to be initiated due to hyperhidrosis which then eventually manifests as diffuse erythema over the nose,
chin, cheeks, and upper lip. Although frequently seen in childhood, it occasionally occurs in adults as well. Here we present a case report on a
22year old female patient who presented with complaints of uncontrolled sweating over the nose. On detailed examination of the nose, erythema
and telangiectasias were noted. Biopsy ndings supported the diagnosis of granulosis rubra nasi as well. This case has been reported due to its rare
occurrence.
EFFECT OF POSITIVE END EXPIRATORY PRESSURE ON CENTRAL VENOUS PRESSURE IN PATIENTS UNDER MECHANICAL VENTILATION
Authors: Singh Pooja , Dev Jagar Keshav , Sharma Shailja , Kichloo Akif Ahmed
Published: January 2023

A majority of patients who are kept under mechanical ventilation may
also require central venous (CV) line insertion for different reasons
such as inability to access peripheral vein, blood transfusion, or
administration of vasoactive agent.(1) Central venous pressure (CVP)
is a good indicator of circulatory volume and cardiac function. The
normal range of CVP is 8 - 12 cmH2O. It increases to 12 - 16 cmH2O in
patients under mechanical ventilation.(1,2)
Perbandingan kandungan timbal (pb) dalam urin perokok aktif dan pasif pekerja ojek online di desa dauh puri kelod
Authors: Prihatiningsih Diah , Subhaktiyasa Putu Gede , Putra I Gusti Putu Agus Ferry Sutrisna
Published: January 2023

Kebiasaan merokok bukan saja merugikan si perokok, tetapi juga bagi orang yang yang berada disekitarnya. Asap rokok yang disebabkan oleh perokok aktif dapat membahayakan kesehatan para perokok itu sendiri maupun perokok pasif. Paparan timbal yang secara berlebihan merupakan masalah penting di dunia. Semakin tinggi tingkat dan semakin lama paparan, maka semakin besar efek toksik yang diberikan. Urin merupakan salah satu sisa metabolisme tubuh yang dapat memberikan gambaran keadaan kesehatan tubuh kita. Kadar timbal dalam urin juga bisa membantu menegakkan diagnosis. Kadar logam timbal dapat ditemukan dengan mudah pada orang yang merokok. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kadar timbal dalam urin perokok aktif dan perokok pasif pada pekerja ojek online di Desa Dauh Puri Kelod. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan observasional. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Dauh Puri Klod Denpasar Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik total sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kadar timbal urin perokok aktif pekerja ojek online tertinggi adalah 17,7 µg/dL dan kadar terendah adalah 1,8 µg/dL. Sedangkan kadar timbal dalam urin perokok pasif pekerja ojek online tertinggi adalah 23,4 µg/dL dan terendah adalah 12,8 µg/dL. Kemudian diuji dengan uji independent sample t-test dimana nilainya 0,000 maka p < 0,05 yang berarti bahwa adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara kadar logam timbal dalam urin perokok aktif dan perokok pasif pekerja ojek online di Desa Dauh Puri Kelod.
The Importance of Theory and Scientific Theories for the Scientific Study of Genocide in the Context of the Contribution to the Development of the Science of Genocide
Authors: Qerimi Islam , Kastrati Shqipe , Maloku Ahmet , Gabela Omer , Maloku Elda
Published: January 2023

The research problem is the importance of scientific theory and theories in the scientific study of genocide. The main objective and purpose of the work are to enable, through an appropriate, correct, and scientifically verified methodological approach, the acquisition of real scientific knowledge about the study of a very complex social phenomenon - genocide - and the contribution of scientific theory to this research, builds a separate scientific discipline - the science of genocide.  The main results of the work are prerequisites for successful genocide research and the formation of a special science that would deal with this problem, it is necessary to develop theory and scientific theory as a basis for the development of genocide science because the underdevelopment of theoretical assumptions reflects the development of methodological empirical research and the limited use of research procedures, methods, and techniques. If the theoretical basis of empirical research is weaker, then the source of research knowledge is limited. This suggests that there is a direct causal relationship with the research results obtained, which calls into question their value and validity. The research conducted in this thesis has the characteristics of scientific theoretical research, which is necessarily qualitative in nature. As it is theoretical research of a qualitative nature, the qualitative method of document content analysis is mainly applied as one of the methods of data collection. In addition to this method, all the basic analytical-synthetic methods will be used as individual methods and in certain combinations, correlations, and relationships as necessary, as well as the hypothetico-deductive, axiomatic and comparative methods of the group of general scientific methods. The study will add to and complete the body of scientific information on genocide research.

 

Received: 18 September 2022 / Accepted: 25 December 2022 / Published: 5 January 2023