bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Small-Scale Experimental Investigation on the Benefits of a Hybrid Pile/Footing System on Sand
Authors:   Deep Foundations Institute, Maadheedi Mohammed
Published: October 2021

This paper explores the capacity effects of a square steel plate welded at the ground surface on a driven open-ended steel pile (i.e. the plate would touch the ground surface after the pile achieves the required penetration). A series of strain-controlled, 1-g small-scale laboratory tests were undertaken on piles with and without a square steel plate attached. The piles were driven in dry, loosely packed, uniform sand. Two plates were used, one with a breadth equal to two times the diameter of the pile (2D) and the other with a breadth equal to three times the diameter of the piles (3D). A 20% increase in capacity was recorded for the 2D plate, and a 110% increase in capacity was recorded for the 3D plate when compared to the pile without an attached steel plate. The back-analysis of the results allowed the derivation of a new expression to calculate the capacity of bearing plates and plot its load-settlement profile, which accounted for the effects of sands compaction and dilation. By extrapolating the findings of these tests to a hypothetical scenario, a model design problem was described where the length of a pile can be reduced by 20% to 60% (depending on the load) by using a plate attached to the pile. The results of this study can help designers to minimise penetration depth; thus, achieving a more economical and sustainable design.
FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES IN THE FIELD OF INFORMATION SECURITY AS A FACTOR OF SUCCESSFUL TRAINING OF THE FUTURE SPECIALIST
Authors:   Togliatti socio-pedagogical college, Dudina E.V. , Kolyvanova L.A. , Chekanushkina E.N. ,   Samara State Social and Pedagogical University,   Samara State Technical University
Published: October 2021

The subject of the article is the formation of professional competencies in the field of information security. Object of the article: training of specialists, ensuring the formation of professional competencies in the field of information security. The purpose of the study is to identify the level of formation of professional competencies in the field of information security among students in the process of their preparation. The methodology of the work is to substantiate and actualize the problem of information security of future specialists in the online space. Research of the process of formation of competences in the field of information security as a component of professional competence in the conditions of inclusive education, as well as identification of the stage-by-stage level of their formation. opportunities for health and people with disabilities; determining the conditions for increasing motivation, developing skills to assess, analyze, effectively organize their own activities in the field of information security in vocational training; development of criteria and identification of the levels of formation of professional competencies in the field of information security among students in the process of their education. The field of application of the results is the training of future specialists, aimed at the formation of professional competencies in the field of information security in the process of educational activities. Conclusion: the formation of the ability / readiness to live safely when performing future work functions in the specialty acquires special significance in the training of future specialists with disabilities. The implementation of the experimental methodology testifies to a steady growth in the rate of mastering by students of professional competencies in the field of information security.
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS BASED ON COMPETENCE-MODULAR LEARNING TECHNOLOGY
Authors:   Samara State University of Railway Transport, Chernitsyna R.N.
Published: October 2021

An innovative approach to the organization of students' independent education is described. The invariant structure of self-educational competence formation activity is considered. The notion of self-educational competences of four levels of complexity is introduced. With the help of the proposed methodological aids a student can independently organize his/her studies at a convenient time for him/her, as well as carry out self-control and determine the level of his/her knowledge. The proposed technology has been tested in two universities: Samara State University of Railway Transport and Samara State Technical University. The pedagogical experiment was carried out in the first and second year of fulltime and correspondence courses of mathematics.
CULTURE THROUGH THE PRISM OF EXPRESSIONIST TRADITIONS IN CINEMA ART OF THE XX-XXI CENTURIES (IMAGE OF GOLEM)
Authors:   Samara State Social and Pedagogical University, Radaeva E.A.
Published: October 2021

In this article, the author comes to the conclusion that the expressionist tradition in cinema quite adequately reflects the laws of the cultural development of society: creative figures throughout the twentieth and first 20 years of the twentyfirst century. periodically return to the Golem theme; his image remains relevant, since it embodies the idea of sometimes the only defense (from the outside) of a person helpless before the collisions of the surrounding world, which means that this latent fear of the world cannot be considered exclusively the property of the modernist worldview of the early twentieth century. Unshakable to this day, however, remains the moral law: in every film product, the Golem is subject to destruction as a godless substance, as an unsuccessful attempt by a person to stand on the same level with the Creator. At the same time, the image of the Golem in the history of cinematography is influenced by the historical situation and the constantly changing spiritual and aesthetic demands of the viewer associated with it. Mythological Golem in the XXXXI centuries. ceases to be slow and clumsy, and for its revival, neither an ecstatic mystical experience, nor a righteous man, nor a whole group of such (obviously, because in modern reality it is very problematic to find them): for more than 100 years in cinema, the mythical Golem from an earthen image, thanks to the director's vision, she gradually follows the path of her increasing "incarnation" and eventually turns into a fragile girl, now into an unhappy child.
CHRONOTOPE AND CARNIVAL IN THE NOVEL OF PER LAGERKVIST "BARABBA"
Authors:   Faculty of Journalism M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Kornilova E.N.
Published: October 2021

Subject of the article: analysis of the novel by Nobel laureate P. Lagerkvist "Barabbas" using the scientific ideas of M.M. Bakhtin. The object of the article: a study of the peculiarities of the chronotope in the reconstruction of the Gospel plot of the novel and the identification of the features of the carnival culture in the reconstruction of the central image of Barabbas. Purpose of the project: to show how the ideas of M.M. Bakhtin helps to penetrate deeper into the essence of the artist's intention and to reveal the deep, symbolic meanings of a literary work, which are not even always realized by the writer himself. Methodology of work: following Bakhtin, comparative historical and structuralist approaches are used, as well as mythological criticism, the Jungian archetypal trickster model. Results of the work: in the "biblical" novel, P. Lagerkvist uses a "confessional" chronotope, characteristic of most of his fantasies on biblical and evangelical subjects. The whole life of Barabbas, every episode of his biography is correlated by the hero and the author with the events on Calvary. Barabbas is a demonic, "dark" double of Christ, a trickster in all his bodily and moral manifestations. He has been looking for God all his life, but the miracles he witnessed do not convince him. The desire to gain faith and communion with Christians leads him in the end to death on the cross, which he escaped on Holy Friday. But his aspirations only harm Christians, and faith is never born in his soul. Scope of the results: the image created by Lagerkvist falls out of the historical context of the novel. Barabbas is not an atheist, he is an agnostic seeking faith and not finding it. This is the position of a man of the twentieth century, and even a fairly educated one. Lagerkvist, in his mythopoetic parable, solves the problems of a man of the twentieth century. and looking for answers to their own existential questions. In the words of Bakhtin: “The last word about the world has not been said. Everything is still ahead". This dialogue interested Hollywood, where the film adaptation of the novel of the same name was made. This work exposes mythological models, reveals the philosophical and ethical issues of the novel, helps to better comprehend the work of the largest Swedish writer P. Lagerkvist. Conclusion: scientific novelty lies in the study of the work of the Swedish writer P. Lagerkvist using Bakhtin and Jungian techniques, identifying the features of the trickster archetype in his novels. The writer often uses this archetypal model due to his deep penetration into the traditions of national folklore and literature and, at the same time, an excellent sense of modern trends, where the trickster archetype is becoming more and more in demand. The conclusions presented in the article speak of the author's modern reading of the Gospel story and the formulation of the moral problem of the impossibility of acquiring a modern person.
The Role of Women in Community Development after Earthquake, Tsunami, and Liquefaction in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Kurniawan Andi , Maarif Syamsul , Rahardi Catur Susilo
Published: October 2021

This study aims at identifying how women respond to uncertain situations after a disaster. Women and children are frequently in a vulnerable position due to their domestic roles. The research took place in Central Sulawesi, where the massive earthquake, tsunami, and liquefaction engulfed thousands of lives and dwellings. Despite their limitation, women have become a social catalyst in enhancing optimism among the survivors. The socio-cultural background of Central Sulawesi women is an essential factor in recovering socio-economic conditions after the disaster in Central Sulawesi. Their toughness and high social care have also facilitated extensive social and economic activities, along with women activists in civil society organizations. Several non-governmental organizations under government coordination have provided rehabilitation assistance programs. The research employed qualitative approaches encompassing in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and field observations. The research indicates that women's greater participation in disaster recovery programs could be essential. Women also brought up people's optimism to bounce back faster from suffering a disaster.
A PARAMETRIZATION OF δ-SPHERICAL FUNCTIONS ON COMMUTATIVE TRIPLES ASSOCIATED WITH NILPOTENT LIE GROUPS
Authors: Toure Ibrahima
Published: October 2021

Let $N$ be a connected and simply connected nilpotent Lie group, $K$ be a compact subgroup of $Aut(N)$, the group of automorphisms of $N$ and $\delta$ be a class of unitary irreducible representations of $K$. The triple $(N,K,\delta)$ is a commutative triple if the convolution algebra $\mathfrak{U}_{\delta}^{1}(N)$ of $\delta$-radial integrable functions is commutative. In this paper, we obtain first a parametrization of $\delta$ spherical functions by means of the unitary dual $\widehat{N}$ and then an inversion formula for the spherical transform of $F\in \mathfrak{U}_{\delta}^{1}(N)$.
Tecnologías de la información y la comunicación como apoyo al desarrollo de la industria del lenguaje. Caso Colombia
Authors: Franco Carolina , Díaz Juan Carlos
Published: October 2021

Este artículo refleja la importancia de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación como apoyo para desarrollo de la industria del lenguaje, incluyendo las herramientas de gestión terminológica, de manejo del conocimiento y herramientas para la comunicación a través de la cadena productiva. El artículo refleja la baja apropiación de estas herra-mientas por parte de esta industria en Colombia y su impacto en el desempeño y caracterización de la misma.
A Comparable Study of Ovarian Response to Controlled Ovarian Stimulation between Overweight/Obese and Normal Weight Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Whom Undergone Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
Authors: Muhjah Falah Hassan  , Zainab Shakir Mahmood  , Zena Mahdi al Hindawi
Published: October 2021

The prevalence of obesity is increasing world-wide. Obesity is considered to have a vital role in thepathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). An assisted reproduction technique, Intra cytoplasmicsperm injection (ICSI), has been used increasingly for the infertility management in those patients. However,data regarding the effects of obesity on the outcome of this technique in PCOS patients is limited.Aim: This study compared the response to controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) between overweight/obeseand normal weight women with PCOS whom undergone ICSI.Materials and Method: 53 PCOS infertile females were included. They were divided according to theirbody mass index (BMI) into two groups: (Group I normal weight and group II overweight and obese). Bothwere included in COS/ICSI program. Assessment of total dose of gonadotropins, duration of stimulatedcycles, total number of retrieved oocytes, their quality and development of OHSS was undertaken.Results: The study showed that despite being insignificant, the total dose of gonadotropin used for stimulationof group II women was higher than that used for women in group I: 1729.06 iu vs 1380.00, p-value=0.1with a longer duration cycle 10.0 days vs 9.4, p-value=0.5, the mean total number of retrieved oocytes fromthe group II was more than that from group I women, while the mean total number of immature oocytesretrieved from group II women was significantly less than that from group I (1.7% vs 3.7%, p-value=0.04).The rate of developing OHSS in group II was more than that in group I.Conclusion: Overweight and obese PCOS women need higher doses of gonadotropin to be stimulated withlonger duration of the treatment cycle; howerever, they produce a higher number of oocytes with a highermaturity during COS. Also, they are more likely to develop OHSS when stimulated in comparison to normalweight PCOS women.
La naturaleza del hueso y su fosilización. La Tafonomía para el estudio del estado de conservación del hueso arqueológico y paleontológico
Authors: Díaz-Cortés Andrea , López-Polín Lucía , Del Valle Blanco Hector , Cáceres Cuello de Oro Isabel
Published: October 2021

El hueso es un material que aparece frecuentemente en las colecciones de patrimonio cultural y especialmente en las colecciones arqueológicas y paleontológicas. Una correcta diagnosis de su estado de conservación es esencial, sin embargo, la información sobre su naturaleza y las transformaciones que se producen en ellos durante el enterramiento no es muy conocida en los trabajos de conservación. Esto hace que en muchas ocasiones el hueso sea un material desconocido en cuanto a su naturaleza. La Tafonomía se encarga de describir los agentes, procesos y efectos que afectan al hueso en los yacimientos arqueológicos o paleontológicos hasta el momento de su descubrimiento. Ello hace que las propiedades fisicoquímicas del material óseo se modifiquen, aspecto que se debe tener en cuenta en los estudios de conservación y restauración. En este trabajo se describirán distintas características del hueso, agentes que lo modifican y procesos de degradación con el objetivo de exponer un apropiado planteamiento de la naturaleza inicial, estado de conservación y adecuación de tratamientos para este material.
Modern trends and prospects of economic development of mineral fertilizer producers through the prism of relational interaction.
Authors:   Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Leventsov Valery A.
Published: October 2021

The production of mineral fertilizers is a priority direction for the development of the chemical industry of the Russian Federation. The importance of studying the state and prospects of mineral fertilizer producers for the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is due to the high dependence of the economy of one of the northernmost regions of our country, the Murmansk Region, on the enterprises of this industry. In particular, the Kirov branch of JSC Apatit (PhosAgro company), Kovdorsky GOK (Eurochem Company) and JSC North-Western Phosphorus Company (a subsidiary of PJSC Akron) operate in the Murmansk Region. These enterprises make significant contributions to the regional budget of the Murmansk region as well as to the budgets of municipal formations, create jobs and make a significant contribution to the development of the towns of presence. Russian manufacturing companies in their activities are mainly focused on the external market, which is due to the excess of supply over demand and the lack of use of mineral fertilizers on 39 % of Russian sown areas. The main Russian producers of mineral fertilizers include PhosAgro, Akron, EuroChem, Uralchem and Uralkali. The only company claiming the priority of the domestic market is PhosAgro. Analysis of the annual reports of the largest Russian producers of mineral fertilizers indicates their desire to expand the geography of supplies. In the domestic market, there is a positive trend in the consumption of mineral fertilizers, which is associated with high prices for agricultural products, as well as the state policy of subsidizing agricultural enterprises, in addition, state regulation of prices in the domestic market leads to an increase in demand for fertilizers. For fertilizer producers, it is possible to use the three-level relational interaction model presented below. The article presents the results of testing the hypothesis of the need for the development of relational relations in the mineral fertilizers market. The assessment is based on the use of a three-level model of relational interaction of industrial market participants. The results of the analysis can be used in the development and implementation of relational cooperation in economic systems of various levels.
The demographic reasons of new period of fertility decline in the northern regions of Russia.
Authors:   Institute  for  Social  Economic  and  Energy  Problems  of  the  North, Federal  Research  Center  Komi  Science  Centre,  UB  RAS, Zyryanova Maria A.
Published: October 2021

At the last time the North is a one of important vector of country’s economy strategic development. A rich mineral resource and fuel and energy bases give the reason for development and implementation of the new investment projects. Successful economic developing of territories needs in human resources, however a number of northern regions of the country have persistent problems in demographic sphere: low level of birth-rate and migration outflow. Here are Republic of Karelia, Komi Republic, Arkhangelsk, Murmansk, Magadan, Sakhalin and Kamchatka regions and in 2018–2019 the Chukotka Autonomous Region also can be included. In the last years in these regions, as in the whole in Russia, the deterioration of the birth-rate situation began. Therefore, the purpose of the research is to identify demographic reasons of birth-rate reduction in the Russian northern regions. The index method was used. It helped to find what value at the dynamics of total birth-rate coefficient belongs to changes in the proportion of women aged 15–49 years old in a population, in the age birth-rate coefficient, and also in the age structure of a female reproductive group. According to research it was found a favorable effect in 2014–2016 on the preservation of the positive dynamic of the total birth-rate coefficient in the conditions of negative influence of factors of demographic structure exactly for a reason of increasing of the real fertility. It was detected, that in 2017–2019, a negative effect on the dynamic of the total birth-rate coefficient has implemented significant decrease in birth-rate itself and not only structural factors. The revealed beginning of the reduction of age- specific birth rates confirms the importance of prolongation of family and demographic policy in the field of improving the economic situation of families with children, increasing the status of parenthood in society. The high-priority task in the conditions of factors increasing, that complicate to preserve economic stability in the country, is to provide a decent level and quality of life, an accessibility of the most important living benefits — comfortable housing and jobs with salary, that can qualitatively satisfy a wide range of needs of families with children.
OSTEOPOROSIS: REVIEW OF TREATMENT MODALITIES
Authors: Abdullah Eman , Merkhan Marwan M. , Althanoon Zeina A.
Published: October 2021

Proficient treatments are accessible for the management of osteoporotic diseases. Antiresorptive remedies, comprising bisphosphonates and denosumab, increment bone
mineral density (BMD) and diminish the hazard of breaks by 20–70%. Bonemineralisation or bimodal-efficacy of medication invigorate bone arrangement and
increment BMD more than the antiresorptive treatments. A couple of investigations
have illustrated that these medicines are preferred over anti-resorptive in avoiding
breaks in patients with serious osteoporosis. Bone-enhancing or bimodal-action
medicines ought to be taken after by anti-resorptive remedies to keep up the break
chance diminishment. The BMD picks up realised with bone-enhancing and bimodalcombat medicines are more prominent in medication-free patients compared to patients
previously exposed to anti-resorptive medicines. Nonetheless, the anti-fracture efficacy
seems to be protected. Treatment disappointment will frequently lead to a reversal of
medication from orally to systemically taken anti-resorptive medications or from
antiresorptive to bone-forming. Osteoporosis could be an incessant condition and
hence needs prolonged therapy to arrange with an individualisation approach of
therapy.
EMPLOYABILITY OF DATA MINING TECHNIQUES IN THE EARLY DETECTION AND DIAGNOSIS OF GASTRIC CANCER
Authors: Chhibber Vedant
Published: October 2021

Gastric cancer growth is perhaps the most serious complex infection with high
dismalness and mortality on the planet. This present sickness's sub-atomic components
and hazard factors are hazy since various hereditary and ecological variables cause
malignancy heterogeneity. With increasingly more articulation information gathered
these days, an instance of essential squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach is accounted
for, and the recently revealed cases are inspected. We can perform an integrative
examination for this information to comprehend gastric disease's intricacy and
distinguish agreement players for heterogeneous malignancy. In the current work, we
screened the distributed cell articulation information and examined them with an
integrative instrument joined with pathway and cell cosmology advancement
examination. Thinking about the phase of the illness as well as patients' age and
comorbidities. Trial approval is proposed to affirm this finding further.
Identifying the Problems EFL Students Encounter in Translating Adverbs from English into Arabic
Authors: Khalil Eman Abdulsalam AL
Published: October 2021

While discussing the grammatical problems EFL learners confront in translating between
languages, especially in translating adverbs as a basic category in English Grammar, it is
significantly highlighting the difficulties these learners encounter and justifying the errors
they make when translating adverbs and adverbial phrases from English into Arabic.
Obviously, the errors are due to the fact that both languages at hand belong to two sharply
distant language families and systems. In other words, language is culture-specific; what
might be in one, might not be the same in the other, this leads to the ambiguity and
misunderstanding of adverbs real contextual meaning, resulting the displacement of adverbs
within sentences. Besides, Arab learners of English are sufficiently competent of English
language and culture, thus English adverbs system and adverbial order, and their counterparts
in Arabic which in turn affect their translation into their native. The study, therefore, suggests
some strategies to be employed by Arab learners when translating English adverbs into
Arabic.
However, it is hypothesized that EFL students at the undergraduate level have confusion in
understanding the adverbs contextual meaning or in other words their sentential meaning, thus
err when translating these adverbs from English into Arabic. To prove the hypotheses of the
study, two tests, of five sentences each, are set for fifty randomly chosen students at the
undergraduate level to do; the first test is set to re-place the adverbs properly within
sentences; whereas the second is set to translate English adverbs into Arabic contextually.
Then the data of the study are analyzed and the results of the tests are evaluated to show how
sentence meaning is affected by the misplacement and mistranslation of adverbs and adverbial
phrases. In addition, to prove that the deficiencies in translation are due to the dissimilarities
between English and Arabic adverbs meaning and order, and Arabic learner
Investigating Conceptual Metaphorical Expression in English Suicide Notes: A Cognitive Linguistic Study
Authors: Alkhayyat Mawj Saadi Sabri , Hussein Naseer Shukur
Published: October 2021

The human experience is mysterious, so, metaphor is commonly used to portray life
experiences. The significance of metaphor for expressing and developing selfhood. The
function of metaphor in determining the conceptual meanings in suicide letters. Language
reflects our worldviews. Language is a component of the body. The technique is used to
illuminate crucial issues in cognitive semantics that is linked between experience, the
conceptual system, and the semantic structures encoded by language is studied in cognitive
semantics. These include conceptual metaphor and embodied cognition. The study's flaw is
that body metaphors and embodiment may be linked. A suicide note's cultural domain aspect
and the importance of interpreting conceptual metaphoric notions cannot be overstated. The
study claims that body metaphors utilized in suicide can be systematized utilizing sensoryperceptual information of the outside environment. Either way, the body or actual
components as domains are clearly connected. Art is considered to require embodiment.
A Critical Discourse Analysis of Negative Propaganda in Selected American and Chinese Channels: (COVID- 19) as a Case Study
Authors: Gameel Prof. Abd Al-Kareem Fadhel , Gameel Prof. Abd Al-Kareem Fadhel , Gameel Prof. Abd Al-Kareem Fadhel
Published: October 2021

Propaganda has important power as a product of modern media (social media, satellite television, the internet). Those means enhance the fast spread of information, news, and events to the public. The thought of a propaganda phenomenon, methodically funded by doctrine, persuades individuals. Propaganda generally involves untrue things that are regarded as aggressive. Essentially, propaganda can be an aware communication act with effective people. For instance, leaders and politicians depend on specific strategies to create many elements of excitement. The obvious example of conversion of people to causing harm to others is the negative propaganda of World War II. As a part of language communication, the study of negative propaganda in visual media is one of the most motivating topics to find out, because of the ability of this matter to manufacture people to understand the insight of propaganda in an altered way. The researcher uses the seventh edition of the (APA) style to introduce this paper. The present study makes a distinctive effort to survey the 'ideological discourse structures' as one of CDA's fundamental concepts .The study goals to analyze and survey the forms and types of propaganda techniques which are employed by the CGTN Chinese and CNN American channels under study. It also goals to investigate the use of illocutionary types in these chosen channels of COVID-19. To achieve the aims of the current study, a proportion of hypotheses are proposed, containing "negative propaganda" that is the main type of content in both the Chinese and American channels within the study. The study covered CGTN and CNN news reports related to the coronavirus. The eclectic model consists of: Van Dijk (2000), Yourman (1939), Shabo (2008), and Ellul (1965). Three of those models (Ellul, Yourman, and Shabo) engaged in propaganda. The rest have certain frames to deal with. According to the analysis of the data, the central conclusions of this investigation have clearly demonst
Four Comprehension Strategies of Reciprocal Teaching Enhancing Students' Achievement in Reading Comprehension
Authors: Jabar Afrah Abdul , Jabar Afrah Abdul
Published: October 2021

This study aims at finding out four comprehension strategies of reciprocal teaching enhancing
students’ achievement in reading comprehension. To achieve the aims of the study, null
hypotheses have been put on after being subjected to experiment. Fifth stage of secondary
school (female) students' in the city center of Masin, during the second term of the academic
year 2017-2018. The sample of the study consists of (64) subjects, (32) students represent the
experimental group, and (32) students represent the control group. While the control group
has been taught by using " English for Iraq ‘5th preparatory SB, the experimental group has
been taught by using four comprehension strategies of Reciprocal method. The researchers
taught both the experimental group as well as the control group. The result of study shows
that there is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the development
of the experimental group taught by “Four Comprehension strategies of reciprocal method”
of the pretest and the posttest.
An Analysis of Presupposition Triggers in Minny Jackson and Hilly Holbrook Speeches in Kathryn Stockett's Novel “The Help"
Authors: Abboud Dr. Zaidoon Abbdulrazaq , Abdulhussein Dr. Fatima Raheem , Rashk Narjis Audah
Published: October 2021

Presupposition is a linguistic tool that can be used in utterances. The aim of using
presupposition in utterance is to enhance the comprehension of what is being communicated.
The purpose of the current study is to identify the presupposition triggers types used by two
characters in Kathryn Stockett’s novel “The Help" Minny Jackson and Hilly Holbrook.
Furthermore, the study aims at conducting a comparison between the two characters based on
the types of presupposition triggers and the purpose they employed these triggers for. The
data of the study are carefully selected scenes that involve the two characters. The scenes are
anaylsed using the proposed model of Yule's (1996) and Levinson's (1983) classification of
presupposition triggers.
The analysis of the data reveals that the most dominant type of presupposition triggers
that have been used by both of the characters is the existential presupposition triggers. The
results show that this type occurred (70) times, which constitutes (69.3%) of the total used
types of presupposition triggers. Moreover, it has been found that the second frequently used
type of presupposition triggers is the lexical triggers with (18.75%) percentage of occurrence.
The two characters have used these types in different contexts to deliver various
communicative goals. In other words, the presupposition triggers are used as a linguistic tool
for the characters to deliver their thoughts and to communicate more smoothly.
DETECTING OF FRAUD CLICK ON ADVERTISEMENT
Authors: Smirti Ananya
Published: October 2021

Nowadays, advertising plays a major role in boosting a business. And every company has to pay
some amount for it. As we know, mobile technology is handy and almost available in everybody's
hands. As business owners, many business personals want to boost their business on mobile
devices to see the advertisement. But there is a challenge in it. Mobile promotions are abused with
bogus snaps that might be a significant test for the publicizing organization. But reported
advancement frameworks use different strategies to recognize click deception; they don't safeguard
the customer from possible interest among merchants and commercial frameworks. What's extra,
advancement frameworks can't evaluate the customer's activity for click theft area whenever
they're engaged to the promoting web content after tapping the advertisement, i.e., in a website,
there will be focuses or some specific section after we click on the genuine section it'll be locked in
to the publicizing website. We propose Click Fraud Crowdsourcing one all the more freely
support-based for the most part structure recommended, that works identified with the two
sponsors and advancement organizes to safeguard the two social events from any conceivable snap
offensive exhibits. The framework paybacks by seeing of each ad
Collaborative group work and increased diversity through Wikipedia editing
Authors: Smith Stvan Laurel
Published: October 2021

This paper details how a collaborative assignment to edit Wikipedia entries on linguistic topics can help students practice and improve their research skills and navigate group work through an engaged learning task. It describes strategies for group formation, types of cognitive skills that were deployed in the task, equitable distribution of workload and ways that individual student contributions to the project were tracked and assessed, along with project feedback from student reflections. The editing task is also shown as a way to increase gender diversity and widen the language background of the site’s editors.
CHOICE OF THERAPEUTIC AND DIAGNOSTIC MEASURES FOR ACUTE DIVERTICULITIS OF THE COLOR INTESTINAL WITH DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL INFLAMMATORY COMPLICATIONS
Authors: Mishchenko V. V. , Pustovoit P. I. , Vododyuk R. Yu. , Velichko V. V.
Published: October 2021

Summary: Introduction. Diverticular disease of the large intestine accounts for 30-60 % of all organ pathologies, among which acute diverticulitis is 20-60 %.

The aim of the study was to select therapeutic and diagnostic measures for acute diverticulitis of the large intestine with the development of local inflammatory complications.

Materials and methods. The results of treatment of 68 patients with acute diverticulitis were analyzed. Diagnostics included clinical and laboratory studies, irrigography, colonoscopy, ultrasound, computed tomography.

Research results. 61.8 % of patients with Ia, Ib stages of acute diverticulitis were treated conservatively. Drainage was installed under ultrasound control into the abscess area in 10.3 % of patients with acute diverticulitis in stage Ib. Laparoscopic intervention was performed in 22.1 % of patients. Operated on emergency indications 33.8 % of patients with II, III, IV stages of acute diverticulitis from laparotomic access. Postoperative mortality was 8.7 % of cases.

Conclusions:1. Comprehensive assessment of clinical, radiological, endoscopic data, ultrasound, CT data allows to establish the clinical form and stage of acute colon diverticulitis and to choose the correct treatment tactics. 2. Multicomponent drug therapy is a rational method of treatment in patients with stage Ia, Ib acute diverticulitis. 3. Surgical treatment is indicated in acute diverticulitis complicated by perforation and peritonitis, profuse intestinal bleeding or intestinal obstruction caused by cicatricial stricture. 4. The proposed therapeutic and diagnostic algorithm for acute diverticulitis of the large intestine with the development of pyoinflammatory complications should be introduced into the practice of general surgical departments.
METHODS OF ILEO-TRANSVERSE AND COLON INVAGINATIONAL ANASTOMOSES CREATING
Authors: Chobey S. M. , Dutko O. O.
Published: October 2021

Summary. The aim of the study. To improve the results of patients with tumors and non-neoplastic diseases of the colon treatment, to introduce into clinical practice the original surgical technique and methods of creating of colon anastomoses, which were tested in experiment.

Materials and methods. Original methods of invaginational ileo-transverse and colon anastomoses creating were developed in the experiment on rabbits. Taking into account the obtained positive results, the methods of anastomoses formation were transferred to the surgical clinic and patents of Ukraine were obtained.

In 2020, ileo-transverse and colonic anastomoses were formed in 134 patients on the basis of Transcarpathian Antitumor Center: one-row invaginational anastomosis according to the developed method in 22 patients (16.4 %), two-row manual — in 58 (43.3 %), circular stapler — in 36 (26.9 %), linear stapler anastomosis — in 4 (3 %), laparoscopic (linear stapler) — in 14 (10.4 %).

Results and discussion. The most of complications occurred in the group with manual two-row anastomosis (16), in two cases the anastomotic leakage was recorded. When using a circular stapler suture, anastomotic leakage was observed in 1 patient, and anastomositis — in 4. When using linear stapler anastomoses, postoperative wound suppuration was observed in 1 patient.

Conclusions. The most of early postoperative complications was observed after using a two-row manual colonic anastomosis (27.5 %). When using a circular stapler suture, the number of early postoperative complications was less than with a two-row manual anastomosis (22.2 % vs. 27.5 %, respectively). The least number of complications was recorded after the creation of a one-row invaginational anastomosis in the proposed original technique.
NONSPECIFIC FACTORS OF ORGANISM RESISTANCE IN PATIENTS WITH ERYSIPELAS
Authors: Shapoval S. D. , Vasilevskaya L. A.
Published: October 2021

Summary. Aim. The article is aimed to assess the nonspecific factors of the body’s resistance in patients with erysipelas and in the development of sepsis in these patients.

Materials and methods. 114 case histories of patients who underwent inpatient treatment in the center of purulent-septic surgery in the Non-profit municipal enterprise “City Hospital № 3” in Zaporizhzhia for the period 2019-2020 were analyzed.

According to the forms of the disease, the patients were distributed as follows: erythematous — 24 (21.0 %), bullous — 28 (24.6 %), phlegmonous — 48 (42.1 %), necrotic — 14 (12.3 %). Recurrent cases of the disease were noted in 21 patients. From them: with erythematous form — 4 (16.7 %), bullous — 5 (17.9 %), phlegmonous — 9 (18.7 %), necrotic — 3 (21.4 %). Among 10 patients, the disease was complicated by sepsis. 6 patients died, mortality was 60 %.

Results and their discussion. Depending on the detected disorders, the patients were divided into three groups: with uniformly activated immune status; with a suppressive type of immune response; with a mixed type of immune status, where with a normal or suppressive cellular link of immunity, activation of some indicators of the humoral link against the background of a normal or reduced level of complement is determined, which indicates the sensitization of T-cell populations with an antigen and the development of autoimmune processes.

Conclusions. An increase in complement levels is an indicator of active antigen-antibody binding reactions in patients with erysipelas. Weak NBT-reaction in patients with sepsis indicates depletion of the enzymological activity of neutrophilic leukocytes and, to some extent, can serve as a predictor of a lethal outcome. An increase in the rates of phagocytosis is a prognostically favorable sign indicating the effective removal of the antigenic material of immune complexes from the patient’s body.
MORPHOLOGICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF JAUNDICE SYNDROME IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS
Authors: Tamm T. I. , Zulfugarov I. G. , Ryabushenko D.D.
Published: October 2021

Summary. Objective. To improve the results of treatment of patients with jaundice syndrome by improving the diagnosis quality of obstructive jaundice and improving methods of surgical treatment.

Materials and methods. The results of diagnosis and treatment of 272 patients with benign jaundice syndrome admitted to the clinic on an urgent basis from 2010 to 2020 were analyzed. Differential diagnosis of the nature of jaundice and its cause was carried out according to ultrasound and ERCP.

Results. Based on the revealed differences in the data of histostructures of the gallbladder wall in patients with acute cholecystitis, hepatitis, and liver cirrhosis, we determined ultrasound criteria for the differential diagnosis of mechanical and parenchymal jaundice. Ultrasound made it possible in a short time to determine the obstructive or parenchymal nature of jaundice by the nature of changes in the liver and the wall of the gallbladder. (Patent № 134089 dated April 25, 2019).In cases of mechanical origin of jaundice, ultrasound data helped to establish its cause and determine the tactics of treatment.

Conclusion. 1. Morphological changes in the wall of the gallbladder in patients with acute cholecystitis, hepatitis and liver cirrhosis are qualitatively different from each other. 2. The combination of changes in the liver and the wall of the gallbladder revealed by ultrasound examination makes it possible to differentiate parenchymal and obstructive jaundice with a high degree of reliability.
TREATMENT OF TROPHIC ULCERS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY USING PHOTHOTHERAPY AND HETEROTRANSPLANT
Authors: Prasol V. A. , Ivanova Yu. V. , Al Kanash L. M. , Beresnyev S. A. , Golovina O. A.
Published: October 2021

Summary. Purpose. The improvement of the treatment effect of patients with a decompensated form of the chronic venous insufficiency. Reduction of the reatment period in a hospital by application of the complex treatment.

Materials and methods. The work was based on the studies of 24 patients who had trophic ulcers on the lower leg. All patients have undergone combined treatment, including scleroobliteration of perforating veins, phototherapy, platelet-derived growth factor, the use of wound closure with a heterograft.

Results and discussion. The combined use of phototherapy and platelet-derived growth factor has significantly reduced the duration of all phases of the wound process. The ultrasound-controlled scleroobliteration has helped to remove a pathological reflux in the insolvent tibial perforators. The studies have shown that the use of phototherapy in the treatment of trophic ulcers with the application of the heterograft has contributed to the rapid cleansing of wounds, accelerating the appearance of granulations and epithelialization, has reduced the need for antibacterial therapy and is an alternative to autodermoplasty.

Conclusions. The use of the offered technique allows to reach optimum restoration conditions of the affected fabrics trophism, leads to the decrease in the number of complications and reduces the hospitalization period.
DETERMINATION OF THE LEADING TYPE OF IMPROVEMENTS OF SERVICEMANTS IN MODERN MILITARY CONFLICTS
Authors: Khomenko I. P. , Gumeniuk K. V. , Korol S. O. , Tsema E. V. , Mikhaylusov R. М. , Maidanyuk V. P. , Tertyshnyi S. V. , Popova O. N.
Published: October 2021

Summary. The results of studying the main damaging factors of servicemen, it is necessary to consider a large number of components of a military conflict. The problem is that in some conflicts there is little data on the loss ratio. Ancient wars were not as familiar as modern ones. Data on ancient wars are sometimes exaggerated, or vice versa, in order to prevent a catastrophe in the military and political sense, they are underestimated. The study of the structure of combat trauma remains a very topical topic. In light of the development of medical and military science, it becomes possible to consider the problem as a multimodal scheme.

The aim of a view of the battle in the field of service every hour of the holding of a conflict.

Materials and methods for further development. In the peaceful hour of the middle of the civilian population, there are a lot of wounds in the fire, so they have to go for the crime of criminalization of the suspension, as well as in the case of non-merciless vapours on the edge, with the unprotected, unbearable weather in the winter.

The results of that discussion. The analysis of scientific information during the ATO / OUF showed that in the structure of sanitary losses of a surgical profile, injuries from ear problems to become 56.7 % — 62.6 %. to the most obvious, isolated character.

Conclusions. Clinical-epidemiological and clinical-anatomical pre-diagnoses reported that injuries due to splinter ears of children become 80.4 %, with cultivars — 13.1 %, with minor-explosive — 2.2 % and with explosive injuries.
EFFECT OF PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH ESOPHAGEAL AND GASTRIC VARICEAL BLEEDING
Authors: Petrushenko V. V. , Grebeniuk D. I. , Liakhovchenko N. A. , Levadnyi O. V. , Cheshenchuk A. S.
Published: October 2021

Summary. The aim of the study was to evaluate the dynamics of changes in the quality of life of patients with liver cirrhosis complicated by esophageal and gastric variceal bleeding while taking phosphatidylcholine.

Materials and methods. 62 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of liver cirrhosis complicated by esophageal and gastric variceal bleeding were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups – main group (32 patients, standard therapy, supplemented with phosphatidylcholine) and comparison group (30 patients, standard therapy). The quality of life was assessed by syndrome on days 1st-2nd, 7th and 30th.

Results. The intensity of the studied syndromes at the beginning of the study did not differ significantly in both groups. In patients of the main group, there was a tendency to a more rapid progressive decrease in the intensity of the studied parameters both during their stay in the hospital and after discharge. The improvement in the quality of life after the discharge of patients of main group from the hospital is associated with the continuation of the course of taking the capsule form of phosphatidylcholine.

Conclusions. Prescribing of phosphatidylcholine to patients with liver cirrhosis complicated by esophageal and gastric variceal bleeding can significantly improve the quality of life.