bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparação cognitiva comportamental do assoalho pélvico com balão vaginal para o parto
Authors: Fernandes Camila Alcântara , Cavalcante Isabela Lima , Soares Ana Clara Nunes , Dias George Alberto da Silva , Araújo Nazete dos Santos , Nunes Erica Feio Carneiro , Latorre Gustavo Fernando Sutter
Published: May 2022

Introdução: Para aliviar ou prevenir as disfunções dos músculos do assoalho pélvico é necessário sejam treinados seus parâmetros funcionais: coordenação, força, potência, resistência e pré-contração, bem como tenham capacidade de alongamento suficiente durante a passagem do bebê, a fim de evitar lacerações e outras lesões. Objetivo: Avaliar a percepção de puérperas acerca do uso do balão vaginal, em termos cognitivo-comportamental, na preparação para o parto vaginal. Métodos: Estudo descritivo do tipo transversal e qualitativo, realizado com puérperas primíparas de parto vaginal que fizeram ou não o uso do balão vaginal durante a gestação, avaliadas por meio de uma ficha de avaliação sociodemográfica e obstétrica e da aplicação dos questionários sobre os eventos do trabalho de parto e de percepção do uso Epi-No. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 20 puérperas. Não houve diferença entre as puérperas quanto a presença de lacerações vaginais e o tempo de trabalho de parto. Todas as mulheres do grupo que utilizaram o balão vaginal perceberam influência positiva no trabalho de parto. Conclusão: O treinamento dos músculos do assoalho pélvico para o parto com balão vaginal exerceu efeito positivo na preparação cognitivo-comportamental da amostra estudada, o que facilitou o trabalho de parto.
Influencia de la personalidad del CEO en el siglo XXI
Authors: Gallegos Vargas Mayra Emérita , Salazar Cedeño Romel Ulises , Tenesaca Morales Carlota Alexandra
Published: May 2022

Introducción. En el contexto de la gestión empresarial y los negocios, un Chief Executive Officer (CEO) es el director ejecutivo; es el máximo ejecutivo, y tiene grandes responsabilidades; para el cumplimiento de sus funciones debe tomar acciones influenciadas por su personalidad, cuya importancia para el éxito de la empresa es poco conocida. Objetivo. Determinar la influencia de la personalidad del CEO en el siglo XXI. Metodología. Se empleó una revisión sistemática de la literatura, usando el protocolo de análisis de cinco fases. Se formularon tres preguntas como guías de la investigación, cada una vinculada a un tema. Para la búsqueda se utilizó Google Scholar, delimitando mediante palabras clave, idiomas: español, inglés y portugués; y temporalidad desde el 2000 hasta el 2022 (siglo XXI); se seleccionó como tipo de documento el artículo, con acceso libre. Resultados. Para el primer tema estudiado se obtuvo que el impacto del CEO para las empresas puede ser tanto favorable o positivo, como desfavorable o negativo, dependiendo de factores tales como las características personales del CEO. Para el tema 2, los requisitos necesarios para ser un CEO exitoso contemplan una serie de competencias directivas tales como las estratégicas, las intratégicas y las de eficacia personal; además deben fortalecer las áreas estratégicas: liderazgo, intelectual, motivacional y relaciones interpersonales; también deben ser proactivos y activista. Con respecto al tema 3, se obtuvo que las características psicológicas, conductuales, emocionales y sociales que debe tener un CEO están asociadas a su personalidad. Conclusión. La influencia de la personalidad del CEO en el siglo XXI no puede clasificarse o juzgarse como positiva o negativa, debido a que cada empresa u organización tiene su particular dinamismo, y requiere de una capacidad para la toma de decisiones diferente y vinculada a su misión y visión.
Mitral Regurgitation and Floppy Mitral Valve in the Internist’s Practice
Authors:   A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia, Posokhov I.N.
Published: May 2022

The focus of this lecture is on classical statements on primary and secondary mitral regurgitation combined with a review of recent literature. The most common cause of mitral regurgitation are floppy mitral valve, its prolapse with and without ruptured chords, rheumatic heart disease, infective endocarditis, hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease. Mitral valve prolapse can occur without regurgitation, but still have a clinical significance. In the practice of non-surgical specialists, this causes both common and different aspects of managing patients with mitral regurgitation of various etiologies and floppy mitral valve.
Additive Technologies of 3D Bioprinting for Regenerative Medicine
Authors:   A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia, Astrelina T.A. , Samoilov A.S. ,   A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia
Published: May 2022

The development of tissue engineering in recent years is associated with the use of additive technologies for the production of transplants and their application in regenerative medicine. 3D bioprinting opens up great prospects for obtaining complex, physiologically three-dimensional tissue structures and makes it possible to design and manufacture such structures with control over their size and function. The review considers three main methods of three-dimensional bioprinting: extrusion, droplet and laser bioprinting, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages. The resulting tissue constructs, created using 3D bioprinting, open up new possibilities in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine for researchers.
Marapu Resisting the Corporation to Protect the Land
Authors: Umbu Deta Krisharyanto
Published: May 2022

The establishment of a sugar cane plantation in East Sumba has evoked conflicts and resistance from the local people. The damage to the katoda (sites to perform rituals) portrays one of the other violations causing environmental, cultural, and social damages related to the manipulation of customary land and criminalization of local people. This paper aims to discuss this conflict by accentuating, and also promoting, the paradigm of indigenous religion as a tool to understand the resistance of the Marapu community to protect their land. Indigenous Religion Paradigm implies the inter-subjective relationship between human person and non-human person (nature) in the non-hierarchical cosmology, which carries the commitments of responsibility, ethics, and reciprocity. By using this perspective, this work shows the opposite perspectives of the partnership between the corporation and the local government concerning the economic considerations and Marapu community who maintains their inter-subjective cosmology as opposed to the modern economic view. The land is understood differently by each of them. While the former only grasps the monetary side of the land, the latter religiously perceives the land as sources of life for both human and non-human person and, therefore, protects their land as the commitment to be responsible, ethical, and reciprocal.
Respons Masyarakat Muslim terhadap Tradisi Ngaben di Banguntapan Bantul Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Jubba Hasse
Published: May 2022

Ritual Ngaben merupakan upacara umat Hindu sebagai upaya dari peleburan raga manusia di dunia untuk dapat bergabung dengan alam semesta. Umat Hindu melaksanakan upacara ini dengan segala dinamikanya. Mereka melaksanakan di mana pun berada. Umat Hindu di Yogyakarta juga demikian, mereka tetap melakukan ritual ini meskipun sedang berada di tengah masyarakat Muslim mayoritas. Artikel ini memotret seputar bagaimana respons Muslim terhadap ngaben yang dilaksanakan umat Hindu di Banguntapan Yogyakarta. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi pustaka, observasi, dan wawancara. Hasil analisa data menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan upacara Ngaben di Pura Jagadnatha Banguntapan direspons biasa saja oleh kelompok Muslim. Ritual yang dilaksanakan berjalan dengan baik. Kelompok Muslim menganggap ritual tersebut sebagai ajaran Hindu yang menjadi salah satu tradisi yang telah diwarisi oleh umatnya secara turun-temurun. Artikel ini menegaskan bahwa pelaksanaan ritual selain merupakan pertanda atas kepatuhan umat beragama terhadap ajaran agamanya, juga menjadi jalan untuk menunjukkan sikap saling menghormati. Umat Hindu meskipun minoritas, mendapat ruang untuk tetap melakukan ritualnya di tengah Muslim mayoritas.
Perancangan Aplikasi Pengenalan Teknik Dasar Pencak Silat untuk Anak Menggunakan Teknologi Augmented Reality
Authors: Tresnawati Dewi , Supriatna Asep Deddy , Puadi Aldi Nur
Published: May 2022

Metode pembelajaran pencak silat pada anak saat ini dirasakan kurang menarik dan tidak efektif, hal ini disebabkan karena media yang digunakan saat ini bersifat konvensional. Sejalan dengan perkembangan teknologi, augmented reality telah mampu meningkatkan interaksi sehingga memberikan hasil yang efektif pada metode pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun sebuah media pembelajaran pengenalan teknik dasar pencak silat dengan teknologi Augmented Reality untuk anak yang sebelumnya menggunakan media pembelajaran lain sebagai media penyampaian materi. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah Multimedia Development Life Cycle, metode ini digunakan untuk menghasilkan produk tertentu dengan tahapan yang ada didalamnya yaitu Concept, Design, Material Collecting, Assembly, Testing, dan Distribution. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa terciptanya aplikasi pengenalan teknik dasar pencak silat dengan menggunakan Augmented Reality untuk anak. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian beta yang  menggunakan skala Likert, 94.4% dengan 10 responden menyatakan bahwa aplikasi yang dikembangkan efektif sebagai media pengenalan teknik dasar pencak silat.
Expansion of shellfish aquaculture has no impact on settlement rates
Authors: Toone TA , Benjamin ED , Handley S , Jeffs A , Hillman JR
Published: May 2022

Wild shellfish reefs have been decimated in many parts of the world over the last century, diminishing their vital ecological roles as habitat generators and the ecosystem services they provide, such as water filtration. Over this same timescale, shellfish aquaculture has rapidly expanded to become an impressive global industry with an annual worldwide production worth US$35.4 billion in 2020. Both wild reefs and aquaculture operations typically rely on abundant shellfish settlement levels to maintain their respective populations. At the same time, shellfish aquaculture has the potential to influence settlement, as the addition of cultured shellfish to an ecosystem increases the quantity of reproductive adults and may therefore increase settlement rates. Alternatively, shellfish aquaculture may lead to an overall reduction in settlement in an ecosystem, either directly through cannibalistic consumption of larvae or indirectly by straining carrying capacity. We assessed the role of marine shellfish aquaculture on settlement by comparing changes in the abundance of settling green-lipped mussels Perna canaliculus with the expansion of mussel farms at the north end of New Zealand’s South Island over a 47 yr timespan. Overall, mussel settlement did not increase over this period despite an estimated 16000-fold increase in the number of mussels living in the region as mussel aquaculture proliferated. The disconnect between the extent of mussel settlement and mussel aquaculture was consistent across 3 separate areas within the region, suggesting that aquaculture mussels may be unable to produce larvae capable of settlement and emphasizing the importance of wild mussel populations for ecosystem resilience.
Integración intercultural en el contexto universitario cubano: programa de intervención psicosocial para su promoción
Authors: Cabrera Ruiz Isaac Iran , Rodríguez González Diana Rosa , Méndez Lopez Angel Joel
Published: May 2022

La subjetividad es un factor mediador de la producción y reproducción de la contradicción integración – exclusión en el contacto intercultural. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo proponer un programa de intervención psicosocial, para la promoción de la integración intercultural en la Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas, desde un enfoque histórico-cultural de las mediaciones por la subjetividad. La investigación se adscribió al modelo de investigación interventiva y a un enfoque cualitativo constructivo interpretativo. En este marco, se realizó una sistematización de experiencias y se propuso un programa de intervención psicosocial. El programa para la promoción de la integración intercultural desde un enfoque histórico-cultural de las mediaciones por la subjetividad integra: fundamentos teórico-metodológicos psicosociales, la estructura organizativa y la evaluación del programa. La evaluación del programa, antes de su implementación, correspondió al tipo de evaluación cualitativa, ex ante y externa. Produjo valoraciones sobre las fortalezas y debilidades del programa, así como recomendaciones para hacer más efectivo el programa de intervención, en función de las cuales se introdujeron modificaciones.
Una mirada al bienestar escolar
Authors: Enríquez García Gladys , Losada-Puente Luisa , Mendiri Paula , Rebollo-Quintela Nuria
Published: May 2022

Dar protagonismo a los discursos de los niños sobre su bienestar escolar, así como al de otros agentes implicados en su educación, es un recurso de gran valor en la investigación científica actual. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las percepciones de estudiantes y docentes de Educación Primaria (etapa 6-12 años) sobre el bienestar escolar de los primeros, así como sobre los factores personales, sociales y contextuales que pueden limitarlo o fortalecerlo. A través de una metodología cualitativa, se empleó un cuestionario de preguntas abiertas con 21 estudiantes y 36 docentes de centros educativos de Galicia (noroeste de España). Los resultados reflejan la indefinición acerca de lo que supone sentirse bien en la escuela tanto para el alumnado como para el profesorado, así como la relevancia otorgada a la influencia del clima educativo (relacional, de seguridad y de aprendizaje), el compromiso escolar (dimensiones cognitiva, conductual y afectiva), las emociones (sociales y temáticas) y la continuidad/discontinuidad familia-escuela (implicación familiar, estructura flexible y recursos). Dar voz a quienes mejor conocen la realidad educativa y saben lo que realmente influye en su bienestar escolar (el alumnado) o el de sus estudiantes (el profesorado) permite identificar los elementos inhibidores o potenciadores en la institución educativa. La adopción de un punto de vista cualitativo contribuye a mejorar la comprensión del fenómeno extrayendo la información directamente de las experiencias, impresiones y valoraciones subjetiva de propios informantes.
Relationship of Extrinsic Risk Factors to Lower Extremity Injury in Collegiate Ballet Dancers
Authors: Huang Pi-Yin , Lin Chia-Wei , Jankaew Amornthep , Lin Cheng-Feng
Published: May 2022

Ballet dancers are thought to be at higher risk of lower extremity injury. This objective of this study was to describe the self-reported incidence, location, and factors associated with lower extremity injury in collegiate ballet dancers. Two hundred and forty-nine female ballet dancers responded to a questionnaire that addressed their injury event/location, dance behavior over the past 2 years, and overall dance history. Behaviors assessed included the following: types and number of shoes worn (pointé shoes/ballet slippers), wear time, training time (session frequency and duration), use of warm-up/cool-down, and use of a strengthening program and lower extremity accessory. Overall dance history included age of the onset of training, total years of experience, and number of dance styles. Backward multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the extent to which variables measured were associated with injury. Ankle injury was the most prevalent injury. Years of wearing pointé shoes (adjusted odds ratio = 1.21,p= 0.01) and days/weeks in pointé shoes (adjusted odds ratio = 1.26,p= 0.04) were associated with an increased risk of injury; while additional strengthening (adjusted odds ratio = 0.39,p= 0.02) and use of lower extremity accessories during classes/rehearsals (adjusted odds ratio = 0.64,p= 0.01) were protective associations. These findings suggested that the use of pointé shoes, lower extremity accessories, and additional exercise should specifically be recorded during evaluation of injured ballet dancers; and must be considered potential factors to modify during rehabilitation.
Coastal Natural and Nature-Based Features: International Guidelines for Flood Risk Management
Authors: Bridges Todd S. , Smith Jane McKee , King Jeffrey K. , Simm Jonathan D. , Dillard Maria , deVries Jurre , Reed Denise , Piercy Candice D. , van Zanten Boris , Arkema Katie , Swannack Todd , de Looff Harry , Lodder Quirijn , Jeuken Claire , Ponte Nigel , Gailani Joseph Z. , Whitfield Paula , Murphy Enda , Lowe Ryan J. , McLeod Elizabeth , Altman Safra , Cairns Colette , Suedel Burton C. , Naylor Larissa A.
Published: May 2022

Natural and nature-based features (NNBF) have been used for more than 100 years as coastal protection infrastructure (e.g., beach nourishment projects). The application of NNBF has grown steadily in recent years with the goal of realizing both coastal engineering and environment and social co-benefits through projects that have the potential to adapt to the changing climate. Technical advancements in support of NNBF are increasingly the subject of peer-reviewed literature, and guidance has been published by numerous organizations to inform technical practice for specific types of nature-based solutions. The International Guidelines on Natural and Nature-Based Features for Flood Risk Management was recently published to provide a comprehensive guide that draws directly on the growing body of knowledge and practitioner experience from around the world to inform the process of conceptualizing, planning, designing, engineering, and operating NNBF. These Guidelines focus on the role of nature-based solutions and natural infrastructure (beaches, dunes, wetlands and plant systems, islands, reefs) as a part of coastal and riverine flood risk management. In addition to describing each of the NNBF types, their use, design, implementation, and maintenance, the guidelines describe general principles for employing NNBF, stakeholder engagement, monitoring, costs and benefits, and adaptive management. An overall systems approach is taken to planning and implementation of NNBF. The guidelines were developed to support decision-makers, project managers, and practitioners in conceptualizing, planning, designing, engineering, implementing, and maintaining sustainable systems for nature-based flood risk management. This paper summarizes key concepts and highlights challenges and areas of future research.
Proposing a Practical, Simplified Framework for Implementing Integrated Diabetes Data and Technology Solutions
Authors: Espinoza Juan C. , Chin Steven W. , Shah Payal , Tut Maurice , Raymond Jennifer K.
Published: May 2022

Diabetes is a uniquely quantifiable disease, and as technology and data have proliferated over the past two decades, so have the tools to manage diabetes. Patients and providers have at their disposal devices, applications, and data platforms that generate immense amounts of data, provide critical insights into a patient’s disease, and allow for personalization of treatment plans. However, the proliferation of options also comes with new burdens for providers: selecting the right tool, getting buy-in from leadership, defining the business case, implementation, and maintenance of the new technology. The complexity of these steps can be overwhelming and sometimes lead to inaction, depriving providers and patients of the advantages of technology-assisted diabetes care. Conceptually, the adoption of digital health solutions can be thought of as occurring in five interconnected phases: Needs Assessment, Solution Identification, Integration, Implementation, and Evaluation. There are a number of existing frameworks to help guide much of this process, but relatively little attention has been focused on integration. Integration is a critical phase for a number of contractual, compliance, financial, and technical processes. Missing a step or doing them out of order can lead to significant delays and potentially wasted resources. To address this gap, we have developed a practical, simplified framework for integrating diabetes data and technology solutions that can guide clinicians and clinical leaders on the critical steps in adopting and implementing a new technology.
Pathophysiology of Primary Cilia: Signaling and Proteostasis Regulation
Authors: Senatore Emanuela , Iannucci Rosa , Chiuso Francesco , Delle Donne Rossella , Rinaldi Laura , Feliciello Antonio
Published: May 2022

Primary cilia are microtubule-based, non-motile sensory organelles present in most types of growth-arrested eukaryotic cells. They are transduction hubs that receive and transmit external signals to the cells in order to control growth, differentiation and development. Mutations of genes involved in the formation, maintenance or disassembly of ciliary structures cause a wide array of developmental genetic disorders, also known as ciliopathies. The primary cilium is formed during G1 in the cell cycle and disassembles at the G2/M transition. Following the completion of the cell division, the cilium reassembles in G1. This cycle is finely regulated at multiple levels. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the autophagy machinery, two main protein degradative systems in cells, play a fundamental role in cilium dynamics. Evidence indicate that UPS, autophagy and signaling pathways may act in synergy to control the ciliary homeostasis. However, the mechanisms involved and the links between these regulatory systems and cilium biogenesis, dynamics and signaling are not well defined yet. Here, we discuss the reciprocal regulation of signaling pathways and proteolytic machineries in the control of the assembly and disassembly of the primary cilium, and the impact of the derangement of these regulatory networks in human ciliopathies.
An Emerging Frontier in Intercellular Communication: Extracellular Vesicles in Regeneration
Authors: Avalos Priscilla N. , Forsthoefel David J.
Published: May 2022

Regeneration requires cellular proliferation, differentiation, and other processes that are regulated by secreted cues originating from cells in the local environment. Recent studies suggest that signaling by extracellular vesicles (EVs), another mode of paracrine communication, may also play a significant role in coordinating cellular behaviors during regeneration. EVs are nanoparticles composed of a lipid bilayer enclosing proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and other metabolites, and are secreted by most cell types. Upon EV uptake by target cells, EV cargo can influence diverse cellular behaviors during regeneration, including cell survival, immune responses, extracellular matrix remodeling, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. In this review, we briefly introduce the history of EV research and EV biogenesis. Then, we review current understanding of how EVs regulate cellular behaviors during regeneration derived from numerous studies of stem cell-derived EVs in mammalian injury models. Finally, we discuss the potential of other established and emerging research organisms to expand our mechanistic knowledge of basic EV biology, how injury modulates EV biogenesis, cellular sources of EVs in vivo, and the roles of EVs in organisms with greater regenerative capacity.
The Field of Cell Competition Comes of Age: Semantics and Technological Synergy
Authors: Maheden Kieran , Zhang Vivian Weixuan , Shakiba Nika
Published: May 2022

Stem cells experience many selective pressures which shape their cellular populations, potentially pushing them to skew towards dominance of a few break-through clones. An evolutionarily conserved answer to curb these aberrant selective pressures is cell competition, the elimination of a subset of cells by their neighbours in a seemingly homogenous population. Cell competition in mammalian systems is a relatively recent discovery that has now been observed across many tissue systems, such as embryonic, haematopoietic, intestinal, and epithelial compartments. With this rapidly growing field, there is a need to revisit and standardize the terminology used, much of which has been co-opted from evolutionary biology. Further, the implications of cell competition across biological scales in organisms have been difficult to capture. In this review, we make three key points. One, we propose new nomenclature to standardize concepts across dispersed studies of different types of competition, each of which currently use the same terminology to describe different phenomena. Second, we highlight the challenges in capturing information flow across biological scales. Third, we challenge the field to incorporate next generation technologies into the cell competition toolkit to bridge these gaps. As the field of cell competition matures, synergy between cutting edge tools will help elucidate the molecular events which shape cellular growth and death dynamics, allowing a deeper examination of this evolutionarily conserved mechanism at the core of multicellularity.
Description of Staphylococcal Strains from Straw-Coloured Fruit Bat (Eidolon helvum) and Diamond Firetail (Stagonopleura guttata) and a Review of their Phylogenetic Relationships to Other Staphylococci
Authors: Monecke Stefan , Schaumburg Frieder , Shittu Adebayo O. , Schwarz Stefan , Mühldorfer Kristin , Brandt Christian , Braun Sascha D. , Collatz Maximilian , Diezel Celia , Gawlik Darius , Hanke Dennis , Hotzel Helmut , Müller Elke , Reinicke Martin , Feßler Andrea T. , Ehricht Ralf
Published: May 2022

The phylogenetic tree of the Staphylococcus aureus complex consists of several distinct clades and the majority of human and veterinary S. aureus isolates form one large clade. In addition, two divergent clades have recently been described as separate species. One was named Staphylococcus argenteus, due to the lack of the “golden” pigment staphyloxanthin. The second one is S. schweitzeri, found in humans and animals from Central and West Africa. In late 2021, two additional species, S. roterodami and S. singaporensis, have been described from clinical samples from Southeast Asia. In the present study, isolates and their genome sequences from wild Straw-coloured fruit bats (Eidolon helvum) and a Diamond firetail (Stagonopleura guttata, an estrildid finch) kept in a German aviary are described. The isolates possessed staphyloxanthin genes and were closer related to S. argenteus and S. schweitzeri than to S. aureus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that they were nearly identical to both, S. roterodami and S. singaporensis. We propose considering the study isolates, the recently described S. roterodami and S. singaporensis as well as some Chinese strains with MLST profiles stored in the PubMLST database as different clonal complexes within one new species. According to the principle of priority we propose it should be named S. roterodami. This species is more widespread than previously believed, being observed in West Africa, Southeast Asia and Southern China. It has a zoonotic connection to bats and has been shown to be capable of causing skin and soft tissue infections in humans. It is positive for staphyloxanthin, and it could be mis-identified as S. aureus (or S. argenteus) using routine procedures. However, it can be identified based on distinct MLST alleles, and “S. aureus” sequence types ST2470, ST3135, ST3952, ST3960, ST3961, ST3963, ST3965, ST3980, ST4014, ST4075, ST4076, ST4185, ST4326, ST4569, ST6105, ST6106, ST6107, ST6108, ST6109, ST6999 and ST7342 belong to this species.
Rapid and Visual Detection of Porcine Parvovirus Using an ERA-CRISPR/Cas12a System Combined With Lateral Flow Dipstick Assay
Authors: Wei Jing , Li Yanan , Cao Yingli , Liu Qi , Yang Kankan , Song Xiangjun , Shao Ying , Qi Kezong , Tu Jian
Published: May 2022

Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is one of the important causes of pig reproductive diseases. The most prevalent methods for PPV authentication are the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and quantitative real-time PCR. However, these procedures have downsides, such as the fact that they take a long time and require expensive equipment. As a result, a rapid, visible, and economical clinical diagnostic strategy to detect PPV is necessary. In this study, three pairs of crRNA primers were designed to recognize the VP2 gene, and an ERA-CRISPR/Cas12a system for PPV detection was successfully developed. The approach involved isothermal detection at 37°C, and the method can be used for visual inspection. The detection limit of the ERA-CRISPR/Cas12a system was 3.75 × 102 copies/μL, and no cross reactions with other porcine viruses were found. In view of the preceding, a rapid, visible, and low-cost nucleic acid testing approach for PPV has been developed using the ERA-CRISPR/Cas12a system.
Plasmid-Mediated Fluoroquinolone Resistance Genes in Quinolone-Susceptible Aeromonas spp. Phenotypes Isolated From Recreational Surface Freshwater Reservoir
Authors: Kosikowska Urszula , Stec Joanna , Andrzejczuk Sylwia , Mendrycka Mariola , Pietras-Ożga Dorota , Stępień-Pyśniak Dagmara
Published: May 2022

Aeromonas spp. are recognized as opportunistic pathogens causing diseases. Infections in humans can result mainly in gastrointestinal and wound diseases with or without progression to septicemia. Although Aeromonas spp. are not known uropathogens and they rarely cause urinary tract infection, we hypothesize that the presence of these bacteria in the water and the contact during, e.g., recreational and bathing activity can create the conditions for the colonization of the human body and may result to diseases in various locations, including the urinary tract. Our study presents the occurrence of aeromonad fluoroquinolone-susceptible phenotypes with the presence of plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance (PMQR) genes in a natural freshwater reservoir occasionally used for recreational activities. Sixty-nine isolates collected during the bathing period were identified by mass spectrometry and screened for the presence of fluoroquinolone-resistant phenotypes and genotypes. Fluoroquinolone susceptibility was determined as minimal inhibitory concentration values. PMQR qnr genes were detected by PCR. Isolates comprising eight species, namely, mainly Aeromonas veronii (50.7% isolates) and Aeromonas media (24.6% isolates) and rarely Aeromonas eucrenophila, Aeromonas caviae, Aeromonas bestiarum, Aeromonas ichthiosmia, and Aeromonas hydrophila, were selected. All isolates were phenotypically susceptible either to ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin. Unexpectedly, at least one to three of the PMQR genes were detected in 42.0% of the fluoroquinolone-susceptible Aeromonas spp. phenotypes. Mainly the qnrS (34.8% isolates) and qnrA (14.5% isolates) determinants were detected. In conclusion, the freshwater reservoir occasionally used for bathing was tainted with aeromonads, with a high occurrence of opportunistic pathogens such as A. veronii and A. media. MALDI‐TOF MS is a powerful technique for aeromonad identification. Our data reveals the mismatch phenomenon between fluoroquinolone-susceptible aeromonad phenotypes and the presence of plasmid-mediated qnr resistance genes. It suggests that phenotypically susceptible bacteria might be a potential source for the storage and transmission of these genes. The exposure during, e.g., a recreational activity may create the potential risk for causing infections, both diagnostically and therapeutically difficult, after expressing the resistance genes and quinolone-resistant strain selection.
ALS1 Deletion Increases the Proportion of Small Cells in a Candida albicans Culture Population: Hypothesizing a Novel Role for Als1
Authors: Zhao Xiaomin , Oh Soon-Hwan , Coleman David A. , Hoyer Lois L.
Published: May 2022

Candida albicans Als1 is a large cell-surface glycoprotein most often discussed for its role in mediating ligand-binding and aggregative interactions. Relative to a wild-type control, deletion of ALS1 produced a strain that showed delayed germ-tube formation and delayed disease progression in a murine model of disseminated candidiasis. Populations of Δals1/Δals1 cultured cells had a higher proportion of smaller cells compared to wild-type or ALS1 reintegrant control cultures. The goal of this work was to investigate whether this difference in cell-size distributions was responsible for delayed germ-tube formation and delayed disease progression. Flow cytometry was used to select populations of wild-type and Δals1/Δals1 cells with varied cell-size distributions. Delayed germ-tube formation was demonstrated for small cells sorted from a wild-type (ALS1/ALS1) culture population. Large cells sorted from a Δals1/Δals1 culture formed germ tubes as quickly as the wild-type control demonstrating clearly that the Δals1/Δals1 germ-tube formation delays were attributable to cell size. In vivo, smaller-sized cells of the wild-type control showed fewer colony-forming units (cfu) per gram of kidney tissue and less-severe histopathology lesions compared to larger cells of the same strain. The Δals1/Δals1 strain showed reduced cfu/g of kidney tissue and less-severe lesions compared to the wild-type control. However, isolation and testing of the larger cells from the Δals1/Δals1 population increased cfu/g of tissue and showed increased lesion severity compared to the overall mutant cell population. In vivo hypha lengths from the large, sorted Δals1/Δals1 cells were comparable to those for the wild-type control strain. These results demonstrated that a large share of the Δals1/Δals1 in-vivo phenotype was attributable to cell size. Collectively, the data suggest a role for Als1 in C. albicans cell size homeostasis, a novel hypothesis for further exploration.
Re-gendering Climate Change: Men and Masculinity in Climate Research, Policy, and Practice
Authors: Nagel Joane , Lies Trevor Scott
Published: May 2022

In this Perspective, we argue that much climate change research conflates “gender” with “women.” We ask, what are the consequences of this conflation, and what do we learn when we follow sociologist George Homan's classical command to “bring men back in” to our analysis of the gendered dimensions of climate change? We find, first, that scholarship on gender and climate change tends to depict women mainly as victims of the uneven impacts of climate change. While this assessment is accurate on its face, it leads to solutions that address the problem (women's troubles), not its causes (men's greater responsibilities and failures relating to climate change). We note that researchers' focus on women's suffering diverts attention from a thorough examination of the mechanisms and consequences of men's domination of climate change research and policy. We find, further, that analysts' gender/women conflation hinders redress of women's injuries by camouflaging men's blameworthiness and offering solutions that often increase women's duties. Gender researchers' emphasis on women's plight and inequality obscures the exception that proves the rule: men wield the (sometimes) invisible hands that create and perpetuate the climate crisis at the expense of everyone, including women. In this Perspective, we acknowledge women's relative vulnerability to climate change, outline in some detail the role of men and masculinity in the climate crisis, and identify the unique strengths that women and men each bring to the table to address the environmental challenges facing humanity.
Cohort Profile: The Shaanxi Blood Donor Cohort in China
Authors: Zhang Lei , Li Hengxin , Su Shu , Wood Erica M. , Ma Ting , Sun Yang , Guo Lingxia , Cheng Qianke , Gu Xiaoyun , Wu Wenjie , Wang Liqin , Ding Miao , Zhang Leilei , Shen Yuan , Yang Jiangcun
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The Shaanxi Blood Donor Cohort was set up to investigate the impact of blood donation on the health of donors compared with non-blood donors. The specific aims of the study include (1) identifying the geographical and temporal trends of incidence for diseases in both blood donors and non-blood donors; (2) assessing the impact of environmental exposures, lifestyle, body mass index (BMI) and blood type on disease burdens, stratified between blood donors and non-blood donors; and (3) among blood donors, investigating if regular blood donation has a positive impact on donors’ health profiles, based on a cohort with a mixed retrospective and prospective study design.

Participants

A total of 3.4 million adults, with an equal number and identical demographic characteristics (year of birth, sex and location of residence) of blood donors and non-blood donors, were enrolled on 2012. The one-to-one matching was conducted through a repeated random selection of individuals without any history of blood donation from the Shaanxi Electronic Health Records. The cohort has been so far followed up to the end of 2018, summing to nearly 24 million years of follow-up. The cohort will be followed up prospectively every 3 years until 2030.

Findings to Date

Of the 1.7 million blood donors, 418,312 (24.5%) and 332,569 (19.5%) individuals were outpatients and inpatients, accounting for 1,640,483(96.2%) outpatient and 496,061 (29.1%) inpatient visits. Of the same number of non-blood donors, 407,798 (23.9%) and 346,097 (20.3%) individuals were hospital outpatients and inpatients, accounting for 1,655,725 (97.1%) outpatient and 562,337 (33.0%) inpatient visits. The number of outpatient and inpatient visits by non-blood donors was 0.9 and 3.9% higher than those of the blood donors (p < 0.01). Blood donors demonstrate significantly fewer inpatients visits than non-blood donors for major chronic disease categories (p < 0.01).

Future Plans

We are currently exploring the long term benefits of blood donation on major chronic disease categories and multimorbidities in this large population cohort. The study results are adjusted by the “healthy donor effect.” This cohort study will continue until 2030.
Association of Depression, Antidepressants With Atrial Fibrillation Risk: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fu Yonghui , Feng Shenghui , Xu Yingxiang , Yang Yuanjian , Chen Haibo , He Wenfeng , Zhu Wengen , Yin Kang , Xue Zhengbiao , Wei Bo
Published: May 2022

Background

Depression is a possible influence factor for the increased risk of incident atrial fibrillation (AF). Although several investigations have assessed their association, the results are still controversial. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between depression or using antidepressants and AF.

Methods

We systemically performed the literature retrieval from two electronic databases PubMed and EMBASE until March 2022 to extract relevant data. The hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (OR) from included studies with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were adjusted into the risk ratio (RR) and pooled by using the random-effects model.

Results

Totally 9 studies about the associations between depression or antidepressants and incident AF risk were included in this meta-analysis. Among them, 5 studies specifically analyzed the impact of antidepressants on the risk of AF. The outcomes of our analysis indicated that depression or depressive symptoms could increase AF risk (RR = 1.15, 95% CI, 1.03–1.27, P < 0.01). In addition, the use of antidepressants can also increase AF risk (RR = 1.16, 95% CI, 1.07–1.25, P < 0.001). These results remained unchanged when we remove the source of heterogeneity or adjust the analysis model into the fixed-effects model.

Conclusions

Based on existing investigations, both depression and the use of antidepressants are closely related to the increase of incident AF risk.
Pyroptosis: Role and Mechanisms in Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Chen Xinzhe , Tian Peng-Chao , Wang Kai , Wang Man , Wang Kun
Published: May 2022

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a common disease that poses a huge threat to human health. Irreversible cardiac damage due to cardiomyocyte death and lack of regenerative capacity under stressful conditions, ultimately leading to impaired cardiac function, is the leading cause of death worldwide. The regulation of cardiomyocyte death plays a crucial role in CVD. Previous studies have shown that the modes of cardiomyocyte death include apoptosis and necrosis. However, another new form of death, pyroptosis, plays an important role in CVD pathogenesis. Pyroptosis induces the amplification of inflammatory response, increases myocardial infarct size, and accelerates the occurrence of cardiovascular disease, and the control of cardiomyocyte pyroptosis holds great promise for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. In this paper, we summarized the characteristics, occurrence and regulation mechanism of pyroptosis are reviewed, and also discussed its role and mechanisms in CVD, such as atherosclerosis (AS), myocardial infarction (MI), arrhythmia and cardiac hypertrophy.
Possible Tsunami-Induced Sediment Transport From Coral Reef to Deep Sea Through Submarine Canyons on the Southern Ryukyu Forearc, Japan
Authors: Ikehara Ken , Kanamatsu Toshiya , Usami Kazuko
Published: May 2022

Submarine canyons are efficient sediment transport pathways from shallow marine areas to deep sea. Along active margins, large tsunamis are a trigger for sediment transport to deep sea. However, sediment transport through submarine canyons by such extreme wave events in the carbonate depositional environments has not been fully understood. Large tsunamis have repeatedly struck the coral reef islands of the southern Ryukyu Islands and have transported large boulders composed of coral from the reef to shore. In this study, we examined sediment cores collected near the mouths of submarine canyons and basin floor on the southern Ryukyu arc’s forearc. The presence of coarse calciturbidites containing coral, molluskan fragments, and coral reef benthic foraminifera was limited on the submarine fan formed at the mouth of the reef-connected and shelf-incised submarine canyon. In cores collected near the mouth of shelf-incised submarine canyons with no reef connection and slope-confined canyons, no coarse calciturbidite is observed. Few calciturbidites were found in more downslope cores, implying that most calcareous grains derived from shallow marine areas were deposited on this fan. Depositional intervals of turbidites were calculated to be several hundred–a few thousand years, which agree with the recurrence intervals of large tsunamis estimated from onshore tsunami deposits, based on radiocarbon dates in hemipelagic mud intervals. No temporal change in the depositional intervals of calciturbidites in the cores from the submarine fan since the last glacial maximum. Therefore, the tsunamis may be an important mechanism for surface sediment reworking in coral reefs, and shelf-incised and reef-connected submarine canyons can play an important role in the efficient transport of shallow marine calcareous grains to the deep sea.
Numerical Experiment Research on Failure Characteristics of Anchored Rock With Negative Poisson’s Ratio Bolt
Authors: Chen Feng , Wang Xue-Bin , Du Yan-Hong , Tang Chun-An
Published: May 2022

With the continuous increase in the mining depth and engineering burying depth, the nonlinear physical and mechanical phenomena exhibited by rock are more complicated. The load value often exceeds the yield strength of the traditional Poisson’s ratio support materials, resulting in failure of the support body. Therefore, the bolt still needs further in-depth research into new materials. In this study, the numerical model with a negative Poisson’s ratio bolt had been established, the properties of negative Poisson’s ratio materials and the working principle of RFPA software were introduced, and RFPA software was used to study the reinforcement effect of negative Poisson’s ratio bolt on the rock. The numerical experiment results show that compared with the positive Poisson’s ratio bolt, the negative Poisson’s ratio bolt can significantly increase the bearing capacity of anchored rock; enhance the friction between the bolt, body, and the surrounding rock; and limit the rock movement. The anchored rock with a negative Poisson’s ratio bolt can absorb more energy. A negative Poisson’s ratio material is one of the future development directions of the bolt material.
Principal Leadership in a Time of Change
Authors: Corrigan John , Merry Mark
Published: May 2022

Education is undergoing a period of sustained change from a focus on traditional skills and compliance to positional authority, to a focus on 21st century skills and more adaptable behaviors. In the light of this changing context, this study examined the role of school principalship and identified those attributes which teachers and students recognize as being desirable in a school leader today. Principals come in all shapes and sizes, have different leadership styles, spend time on different things, and are judged on their performance based upon what they say and do, how well their school is performing, and how happy the led are with their leader. The study looked at the various leadership styles emerging from the extensive literature. The statements used in the survey were drawn from six different principal styles, with five attribute statements for each style. Teachers and students (N = 405) across nine schools completed a two-part survey in which they were asked to rank leadership attributes in order of importance. In this way we identified specific attributes deemed desirable in a school leader. The results showed high statistical significance. The findings were quite conclusive: Teachers and students preferred the Integrated Leadership style which combines instructional and transformational leadership and agreed on the importance of principal as role model for both students and colleagues. This key element of the principal’s role was linked to two other attributes, these being that a principal should (a) foster a shared vision in the school, and (b) have a vision for the school that they help to develop with colleagues. These findings give rise to some interesting questions, one being: What does it mean to be a role model in the context of 21st century education? A second being, what is the link between shared vision and role modeling?
Construction of a Signature Model to Predict the Radioactive Iodine Response of Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Liu Lina , Shi Yuhong , Lai Qian , Huang Yuan , Jiang Xue , Liu Qian , Huang Ying , Xia Yuxiao , Xu Dongkun , Jiang Zhiqiang , Tu Wenling
Published: May 2022

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) accounts for about 90% of thyroid cancer. There are approximately 20%–30% of PTC patients showing disease persistence/recurrence and resistance to radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment. For these PTC patients with RAI refractoriness, the prognosis is poor. In this study, we aimed to establish a comprehensive prognostic model covering multiple signatures to increase the predictive accuracy for progression-free survival (PFS) of PTC patients with RAI treatment. The expression profiles of mRNAs and miRNAs as well as the clinical information of PTC patients were extracted from TCGA and GEO databases. A series of bioinformatics methods were successfully applied to filtrate a two-RNA model (IPCEF1 and hsa-mir-486-5p) associated with the prognosis of RAI-therapy. Finally, the RNA-based risk score was calculated based on the Cox coefficient of the individual RNA, which achieved good performances by the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (tROC) curve and PFS analyses. Furthermore, the predictive power of the nomogram, integrated with the risk score and clinical parameters (age at diagnosis and tumor stage), was assessed by tROC curves. Collectively, our study demonstrated high precision in predicting the RAI response of PTC patients.