bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jean Martin Charcot, padre de la neurología moderna
Authors: Palacios Sánchez Leonardo
Published: September 2021

Jean Martin Charcot (1825-1893) es considerado el mayor exponente del nacimiento de la neurología en el mundo. Fundó y dirigió el servicio de neurología más grande de Europa en el hospital de la Salpétriére en París y, en 1882, dirigió la primera cátedra universitaria en el mundo sobre enfermedades del sistema nervioso. Existen por los menos 14 epónimos en medicina que recuerdan sus aportes en diferentes disciplinas. Fue un gran pintor, un afamado profesor universitario y demostró grandes habilidades en gestión hospitalaria. Fue uno de los fundadores de la revista Archives de Neurologie, junto con su discípulo Pierre Marie en 1872, y director de la publicación Iconographie de la Salpétriére, inmensa obra que contiene material visual, dibujos y fotos de gran valor para la enseñanza de la neurología. Por este y otros múltiples aportes a esta disciplina, es considerado el padre de la neurología.
Clareamento de dentes com peróxido de carbamida
Authors: Machado Eliana S. , Frasca Luis Carlos da F.
Published: September 2021

The authors present a survey and clinical evaluations of bleaching techniques with carbamide peroxide gel as the active agent.
Face: possibilidade de reconstrução protética (relato de um caso)
Authors: Azambuja Taís Weber Furlanetto de , Padilha Dalva Maria Pereira , Bercini Francesca , Burzlaff João Batista , Puricelli Edela
Published: September 2021

The authors report a case of surgical induced facial deformity with prosthetics reconstruction. The reconstruction was performed with an ocular, palpebral, maxilo, nasal prostheses and a total denture with palatal obturation. The prosthesis was fixed with magnetic retention.
Contaminación Ambiental del Río y el Grado de Responsabilidad Civil de la Población del Río Chillón en el Período 2018
Authors: Murrugarra-Retamozo Brenda Isabel
Published: September 2021

Introducción: La contaminación ambiental, especialmente la contaminación del agua ha causado grandes impactos en el ecosistema. Tal situación tiene diversos factores involucrados, uno de ellos es la actividad humana. Así en Perú, particularmente en la capital, se encuentra en Río Chillón, uno de los ríos que sufre los estragos de la polución, siendo una de sus causas, pero no la única, los residuos sólidos y aguas residuales producidos por su población, y que en cierta medida tienen una responsabilidad. Objetivo: Determinar la relación que existe entre la contaminación ambiental del río y el grado de responsabilidad civil de la población del Río Chillón en el período 2018. Materiales y métodos: Se aplicó el enfoque cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo no experimental, asimismo, para efectuar el recojo de datos se utilizó un cuestionario previamente elaborado con una muestra conformada por 145 ciudadanos que habitaban en los alrededores del Río Chillón. Resultados: Se observó que el 46,21 % de los encuestados percibía que existía mucha contaminación ambiental del Río Chillón, el 46,90 % percibía que existía poca contaminación ambiental del Río Chillón y solo el 6,90 % mencionó que el Río Chillón se presentaba sin contaminación ambiental. Se puede afirmar que existe relación entre las variables contaminación ambiental del río y responsabilidad civil (p = 0.000 < 0,05; Rho = 0,743). Conclusiones: Existe relación significativa entre la contaminación ambiental del río y el grado de responsabilidad civil de la población del Río Chillón en el período 2018 (p = 0,000 < 0,05; Rho = 0,743).
La Tolerancia como una forma de Compasión
Authors: Montoya-Carvajal Juan Fernando
Published: September 2021

Cada persona genera un efecto como ser, afectando su alrededor y se manifiesta como una interacción cuando otro se introduce al interior de dicho efecto, generándose así una interacción con diferentes posibilidades de reacción.
IncHI1A plasmids potentially facilitate a horizontal flow of antibiotic resistance genes to pathogens in microbial communities of urban residential sewage
Authors: Olesen Asmus , Pinilla-Redondo Rafel , Hansen Mads , Russel Jakob , Dechesne Arnaud , Smets Barth F. , Madsen Jonas , Nesme Joseph , Sørensen Søren
Published: September 2021

Horizontal gene transfer via plasmids is important for the dissemination
of antibiotic resistance genes among medically relevant pathogens.
Specifically, the transfer of IncHI1A plasmids is believed to facilitate
the spread of antibiotic resistance genes, such as carbapenemases,
within the clinically important family Enterobacteriaceae. The
microbial community of urban wastewater treatment plants has been shown
to be highly permissive towards conjugal transfer of IncP1 plasmids.
Here, we tracked the transfer of the P1 plasmid pB10 and the clinically
relevant HI1A plasmid R27 in the microbial communities present in urban
residential sewage entering full-scale wastewater treatment plants. We
found that both plasmids readily transferred to these communities and
that strains in the sewage were able to further disseminate them.
Furthermore, that R27 has a broad potential host range, but a low host
divergence. Interestingly, although the majority of R27 transfer events
were to members of Enterobacteriaceae, we found a subset of
transfer to other families, even other phyla. Indicating, that HI1A
plasmids facilitate horizontal gene transfer both within
Enterobacteriaceae, but also across families of especially
Gammaproteobacteria, such as Moraxellaceae,
Pseudomonadaceae and Shewanellaceae. pB10 displayed a
similar potential host range as R27. In contrast to R27, pB10 had a high
host divergence. By culture enrichment of the transconjugant
communities, we show that sewage strains of Enterobacteriaceae
and Aeromonadaceae can stably maintain R27 and pB10,
respectively. Our results suggest that dissemination in the urban
residual water system of HI1A plasmids may result in an accelerated
acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes among pathogens.
Non-cardiac depolarization-blocking drugs are associated with increased risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the community
Authors: Eroglu Talip E. , Blom Marieke , Souverein Patrick , Boer Anthonius de , Tan Hanno
Published: September 2021

Aim Depolarization-blocking drugs (DB-drugs) used for cardiac disease
increase the risk of cardiac arrhythmia (ventricular
tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation[VT/VF]) and out-of-hospital
cardiac arrest (OHCA) in specific patient groups. However, it is unknown
whether drugs for non-cardiac disease that block cardiac depolarization
as off-target effect increase the risk of OHCA on a population level.
Therefore, we aimed to investigate OHCA-risk of non-cardiac DB-drugs in
the community. Methods We conducted a population-based case-control
study. We included OHCA-cases from an Emergency Medical Services
attended OHCA-registry in the Netherlands (ARREST:2009-2018), and
age/sex/OHCA-date matched non-OHCA-controls. We calculated adjusted odds
ratios (ORadj) of use of non-cardiac DB-drugs for OHCA, using
conditional logistic regression. Stratified analyses were performed
according to first-registered rhythm (VT/VF or non-VT/VF), sex and age
(≤50, 50-70, or ≥70 years). Results We included 5,473 OHCA-cases of whom
427 (7.8%) used non-cardiac DB-drugs, and 21,866 non-OHCA-controls of
whom 835 (3.8%) used non-cardiac DB-drugs, and found that non-cardiac
DB-drug use was associated with increased OHCA-risk when compared to
no-use (ORadj1.6[95%-CI:1.4-1.9]). Stratification by first-recorded
rhythm revealed that this applied to OHCA with non-VT/VF (asystole)
(ORadj2.5[95%-CI:2.1-3.0]), but not with VT/VF
(ORadj1.0[95%-CI:0.8-1.2];P-value interaction<0.001). The
risk was higher in women (ORadj 1.8[95%-CI:1.5-2.2] than in men
(ORadj1.5[95%-CI:1.2-1.8];P-value interaction=0.030) and at younger
age
(ORadj≥70yrs1.4[95%-CI:1.2-1.7];ORadj50-70yrs1.7[95%-CI:1.4-2.1];ORadj≤50yrs3.2[95%-CI:2.1-5.0];P-value
interaction<0.001). Conclusions Use of non-cardiac DB-drugs is
associated with increased OHCA-risk in the general population. This
increased risk occurred in patients in whom non-VT/VF was the
first-registered rhythm, and it occurred in both sexes, but more
prominently among women, and more strongly in younger patients (≤50
years).
Assessing the effect of sevoflurane anesthesia on cardiac and brain protection compared with propofol in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: A meta-analysis
Authors: Bao Wenzhao , Bao Yin , Bao Changshun , Qi Li
Published: September 2021

Objective: Whether sevoflurane anesthesia is superior to propofol
anesthesia in cardiac protection is still unknown. Here, we aim to
compare the cardio-/neuro-protective efficacy of sevoflurane and
propofol on patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Design: We searched
studies based on predefined strategies in MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library,
Web of Science and EMBASE. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and
relative risk were employed to combine continuous and binary
measurements respectively using R packages “metafor”. Subgroup
analysis was performed and publication bias was evaluated.. Results: A
total of 26 studies were included in our meta-analysis, with 1510 in the
sevoflurane group and 1494 in the propofol group. Compared with propofol
anesthesia, sevoflurane anesthesia could not significantly reduce the
all-cause mortality (OR = 0.79[0.36, 1.74], p-value = 0.564).
Although sevoflurane anesthesia was superior to propofol in reducing
postoperative cTnI (SMD = -0.93[-1.36, -0.50], p-value <
0.001), such cardio-protection effect would diminish with time since the
differences of postoperative 12h and 24h cTnI became insignificant after
Bonferroni correction. The results of neuroprotection are rather
contradictory and needs further investigation. Conclusion: The
sevoflurane anesthesia cannot result in a lower all-cause mortality rate
than propofol anesthesia among patients undergoing cardiac surgery
despite of its minor protective effects.
Strategy of efficient estimation of soil organic content at the local scale based on the national spectral database
Authors: Li Hongyi , Li Yuheng , Yang Meihua , Chen Songchao , Zhou Shi
Published: September 2021

The aim of this paper was to compare the prediction performance of three
strategies: general global Partial least squares regression (PLSR) using
CSSL with and without spiking samples, memory-based learning (MBL) using
CSSL with and without spiking samples and general PLSR using only
spiking samples to predict soil organic matter in the target area. When
using spiked subsets, we also investigated the prediction performance of
the extra-weighted subsets. A series of spiking subsets randomly
selected from the total spiking samples were selected by conditioned
Latin hypercube sampling (cLHS) from the target sites. We calculated the
mean squared Euclidean distance (msd) of different spiking subsets with
the distribution density function of their vis–NIR spectra only and
statistically inferred the optimal sampling set size to be 30. Our study
showed that when the number of spiking were lower than 30, the predicted
accuracy derived from global PLSR using CSSL spiked with and without
extra-weighted samples was greater than the predicted accuracy derived
from the general PLSR using the corresponding number of spiking samples
only (RMSE 5.57–5.98 v.s. RMSE 6.76). Global PLSR using CSSL spiked
with the statistically optimal local samples can achieve higher
predicted performance (with a mean RMSE of 5.75). MBL spiked with five
extra-weighted optimal spiking samples achieved the best accuracy with
an RMSE of 3.98, an R2 of 0.70, a bias of 0.04 and an LCCC of 0.81. The
msd is a simple and effective method to determine an adequate spiking
size using only vis–NIR data.
Qualitative investigation in explainable artificial intelligence: A bit more insight from social science
Authors: Johs Adam , Agosto Denise , Weber Rosina
Published: September 2021

We present a focused analysis of user studies in explainable artificial
intelligence (XAI) entailing qualitative investigation. We draw on
social science corpora to suggest ways for improving the rigor of
studies where XAI researchers use observations, interviews, focus
groups, and/or questionnaires to capture qualitative data. We
contextualize the presentation of the XAI papers included in our
analysis according to the components of rigor described in the
qualitative research literature: 1) underlying theories or frameworks,
2) methodological approaches, 3) data collection methods, and 4) data
analysis processes. The results of our analysis support calls from
others in the XAI community advocating for collaboration with experts
from social disciplines to bolster rigor and effectiveness in user
studies.
The ecological importance of moss ground cover in dry shrubland restoration within an irrigated agricultural landscape matrix
Authors: Dollery Rebecca , Bowie Mike , Dickinson Nicholas
Published: September 2021

1. Kānuka (Kunzea serotina, Myrtaceae) dryland shrubland
communities of the lowland plains of South Island (Te Wai Pounamu) New
Zealand (Aoteoroa) contain a ground cover largely consisting of mosses,
predominantly Hypnum cupressiforme. There has been no previous
study of the role of mosses in this threatened habitat which is
currently being restored within a contemporary irrigated and
intensively-farmed landscape that may be incompatible with this
component of the ecosystem. 2. The aim of the present study was to
investigate the influence of moss ground cover on hydrology, nitrogen
(N) availability and vascular plant interactions, and in relation to
nutrient spillover from adjacent farmland. Experimental work was a
combination of glasshouse experiments and field-based studies. 3.
Extremes of soil temperature and moisture were found to be mediated by
the moss carpet, which also influenced N speciation; available N
declined with moss depth. The moss layer decreased the amount of
germination and establishment of vascular plants but, in some cases,
enhanced their growth. Spillover of mineral nitrogen and phosphate from
farmland enhanced invasion of exotic grasses which may have benefited
from conditions provided by the moss carpet. 4. Synthesis: We found the
moss layer to be crucial to ecosystem functioning in these dry habitats
with low nutrient substrate. However, when the moss layer is accompanied
by nutrient spillover it has the potential to increase exotic weed
encroachment. Our results emphasise the importance of non-vascular plant
inclusion in restoration schemes but also highlights the importance of
mitigating for nutrient spillover.
An Empirical Study of Educational Inequalities in Rural and Urban Areas of Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Ayjaz , Mujahid Hira
Published: September 2021

The central object of this paper is to give detailed analysis of educational disparity in Pakistan. This study is examined all over provinces of rural and urban of Pakistan including Islamabad for the period of 2014-15 and the data is used from PSLM. In particular, we calculate education inequality all over the population and beyond the employed population. This study is investigated individually male and female having age equal to 15 years and over and are not being enrolled in any educational institutions. The study finds that there is lack of education over the populace. Whereas, strength of education disparity is extremely low athwart in employed people. When we compare rural-urban areas of Pakistan. The study find that urban areas are less disparity in education as compare to rustic areas. The study also investigates that education inequality are extra serious amid female than male. The province wise contrast shows that education inequality is high in Baluchistan and Sindh while there is less education disparity is Islamabad.
Uma comparação entre autoconfiança e inteligência cultural da educação física e candidatos a professores da educação em ciência e literatura
Authors: Aktas Ustun Neslisah , Akdeniz Hakan
Published: September 2021

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar mutuamente a autoconfiança e a inteligência cultural de candidatos a professores de educação física e de ciências e literatura. O modelo de estudo transversal quantitativo foi usado no estudo e 320 candidatos a professores participaram voluntariamente. Os participantes foram escolhidos de acordo com o método de amostragem conveniente. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados a escala de autoconfiança (AKIN, 2007) e o inventário de inteligência cultural (İLHAN; ÇETIN, 2014). Nas análises das amostras independentes de dados foi utilizado o teste t e o controle de correlação parcial para a variável docente. Como resultado, o presente artigo mostrou que os candidatos a professores de educação física tinham maior autoconfiança e inteligência cultural metacognitiva do que os candidatos a professores de literatura. Por outro lado, os candidatos a professores de ciências e literatura apresentaram níveis mais elevados de inteligência cultural cognitiva e comportamental do que os candidatos a professores de educação física. Autoconfiança e inteligência cultural se correlacionaram.
O efeito de eventos técnicos especiais no jogo sobre o sucesso dos times de futebol profissional: Super Liga Turca
Authors: Mulazimoglu Olcay
Published: September 2021

O objetivo desta pesquisa é examinar o efeito dos critérios de posse, passe e chute no sucesso dos times nos jogos da Super Liga de Futebol da Turquia na temporada 2019-2020. Foram examinados 612 dados de cada equipe de 306 partidas disputadas por 18 equipes ao longo da temporada. Em todas as partidas, as frequências do número total de chutes dos times, número de chutes no alvo, porcentagem de posse de bola, porcentagem de passes bem-sucedidos, número de passes, número de passes bem-sucedidos, passes importantes e critérios de pontuação foram coletados na página Whoscored. A análise da Anova unilateral de acordo com os resultados da partida (perder-empatar-vencer) mostrou que a média dos chutes no alvo (p <0,001), número total de chutes (p = 0,03), passes importantes (p = 0,03) e pontuação de classificação (p <0,001) foram significativamente maiores na vitória. Nas análises de acordo com a classificação da liga (classificação 1-6, classificação 7-12, classificação 13-18).
A relação entre a percepção de apoio organizacional e as habilidades de comunicação de funcionários da empresa de serviços esportivos
Authors: Pekel Aydın , Atasoy Taner
Published: September 2021

O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a relação entre a percepção do apoio organizacional e as habilidades de comunicação dos funcionários de empresas de serviços esportivos. O grupo de estudo da pesquisa consiste em indivíduos voluntários trabalhando (n = 274) em empresas esportivas privadas (gerente, coordenador, treinador / treinador) na província de Istambul. Os dados foram coletados via internet, utilizando a técnica do questionário. Foram utilizadas a escala de apoio organizacional e a escala de habilidade de comunicação, vistas como ferramentas de coleta de dados. A correlação e a análise de regressão foram utilizadas como processo estatístico. Como resultado, constata-se que os funcionários da empresa de serviços esportivos têm um apoio executivo moderado e demonstram uma boa capacidade de comunicação. Embora houvesse uma relação fraca, média e alta positiva entre a percepção do apoio organizacional e as habilidades de comunicação, foi determinado que a percepção do apoio organizacional era um preditor da habilidade de comunicação.
Uma pesquisa sobre a relação entre os níveis de vício em internet dos estudantes universitários e inteligências múltiplas
Authors: Altunhan Abdullah , Tazegül Ünsal
Published: September 2021

O objetivo deste estudo é revelar a relação entre Inteligências Múltiplas e níveis de dependência de internet de alunos da Universidade Mardin Artuklu. A amostra do estudo é composta por 162 alunos da Escola de Educação Física e Esportes da Universidade Mardin Artuklu. A escala de dependência de Internet e a Escala de Autoavaliação de Inteligências Múltiplas foram utilizadas como ferramentas de coleta de dados no estudo. O pacote de programas SPSS 20.0 foi utilizado na análise dos dados obtidos no estudo. Observou-se que os dados são normalmente distribuídos. A análise estatística descritiva e a análise de correlação foram aplicadas na análise dos dados. Ao final do estudo, determinou-se que existia uma relação positiva entre a inteligência verbal e a perda de controle, e uma relação negativa entre o desejo de estar mais online e as dimensões da negatividade nas relações sociais.
Motivação para o sucesso esportivo específico dos atletas com deficiência visual B2-B3
Authors: Çankaya Cemali
Published: September 2021

O objetivo deste estudo é examinar a motivação para o sucesso específico do esporte em atletas com deficiência visual, de acordo com diferentes variáveis. Participaram do estudo, voluntariamente, 39 homens, 59 mulheres, totalizando 98 atletas de clubes esportivos com deficiência visual de diferentes províncias. A escala de motivação para o sucesso específico do esporte foi desenvolvida por JD Willis (1982) e o estudo de sua validade e confiabilidade na Turquia foi realizado por Gödelek e Tiryaki (1997). Os resultados mostram que nenhuma diferença estatisticamente significativa foi encontrada de acordo com o gênero, status de deficiência, ramo esportivo, grau visual, ano de prática de esportes e ano de trabalho com o treinador (p> 0,05). Como resultado da pesquisa, este estudo revelou que os atletas com deficiência visual, devido à sua deficiência, evitam o fracasso por provarem a si mesmos ou sentirem sua presença, e que a sensação de fracasso motiva mais os atletas com deficiência visual. Portanto, não foi encontrada nenhuma diferença significativa entre as variáveis.
Aplicação da habilidade de metacognição em métodos de solução de problemas para estudantes do ensino médio
Authors: Thi Huong Lan Nguyen , Van Nghi Bui
Published: September 2021

Atualmente, os formuladores de políticas em todo o mundo estão tentando reformar o sistema educacional em geral e a educação matemática em particular para criar uma mudança fundamental no conteúdo, no currículo e nos métodos de aprendizagem de matemática dos estudantes. Esforços inovadores na educação em Matemática concentram-se em ajudar os estudantes a desenvolver as competências centrais do século 21 para criar mais opções educacionais e de carreira para os estudantes no futuro. Metacognição ou pensar em pensar refere-se à capacidade de um indivíduo de controlar seus processos de pensamento, especialmente a percepção de escolher e usar estratégias de resolução de problemas. Para encontrar soluções para os problemas mencionados, vários estudos se concentraram na compreensão do papel da metacognição nas atividades de resolução de problemas no processo de ensino de Matemática. Neste estudo vamos explorar alguns modelos metacognitivos na educação matemática, por isso, pesquisamos “Aplicação da habilidade de metacognição em métodos de solução de problemas para estudantes do ensino médio”.
Níveis de ansiedade na saúde e status de comprometimento organizacional dos jogadores de handebol com seus times durante a pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Dindar Mustafa Deniz
Published: September 2021

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os níveis de ansiedade na saúde e o status de comprometimento organizacional dos jogadores de handebol com seus times durante a pandemia de COVID-19 . 84 jogadores de handebol de elite (masculino=40, feminino=44) participaram desta pesquisa. Um formulário de informações foi utilizado para determinar as ocasiões e comportamentos dos jogadores de handebol durante a pandemia de COVID-19 . Escala de Ansiedade na Saúde e Escala de Compromisso Organizacional foram realizadas. Os dados obtidos foram analisados através do pacote SPSS. Nos resultados da pesquisa, não houve diferença significativa nos resultados de ansiedade na saúde dos jogadores de handebol em relação ao gênero, tipo de esporte, treinamento e salário. Enquanto os jogadores masculinos foram determinados a ter pontuações mais altas de comprometimento organizacional normativo e de continuação do que as femininas, os jogadores nacionais foram determinados a ter pontuações significativamente mais baixas de continuação, normativas e de comprometimento organizacional total. No entanto, foi determinado que havia uma correlação significativa entre a COVID-19, a pontuação total de ansiedade e a pontuação subdimensional de comprometimento organizacional dos jogadores de handebol.
Psychological Characteristics and Goals of Caregivers Choosing Continuous Glucose Monitoring for Children With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Alkhaled Lina , O’Riordan MaryAnn , MacLeish Sarah , Hazen Rebecca , Wood Jamie R.
Published: September 2021

Background

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) can improve glycemic outcomes in pediatric type 1 diabetes management. However, its impact on the psychosocial functioning of caregivers is less well described. The objectives of this pilot study were to explore caregiver reasons for adding CGM to their child’s type 1 diabetes management, parental psychosocial function before initiating CGM, and the relationship between the two.

Methods

Thirty-two families with a child with type 1 diabetes from Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital diabetes clinics who were initiating CGM were recruited over 3 months. Before CGM initiation, the caregivers completed the Fear of Hypoglycemia Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale, and a questionnaire assessing their primary reason for starting CGM. Participant characteristics and questionnaire results were summarized with descriptive statistics. Participants were grouped by reason for starting CGM, and results were compared among groups using ANOVA and reporting the global F test.

Results

Fifty percent of respondents indicated that they were starting CGM to optimize glycemic control. The majority of parents (71.8%) expressed worry about helplessness during a hypoglycemic episode. There were no statistically significant differences in patient characteristics or questionnaire results between groups. Forty-three percent of participating families started using CGM during the study’s 8-month follow-up period. The main reason (64%) for not starting CGM was not having the chance to start the process of obtaining a CGM system. There were no statistically significant differences between children who did and did not start CGM.

Conclusion

Caregivers have different reasons for starting CGM for their child with type 1 diabetes. Further studies are needed to understand whether these reasons are related to differences in psychosocial functioning. Despite interest in starting CGM, there remain barriers to implementation.
Power and society in the second quarter of the 19th century: Specific features of interaction
Authors: Narezhnyi Anatolii I. , Zav'yalova Oksana O.
Published: September 2021

Based on the communicative approach developed by Jürgen Habermas, the article focuses on the main forms of interaction between power and society in the second quarter of the 19th century and investigates their features and inclusion in the space of the public sphere of the Russian Empire. The authors have made an attempt to clarify the point of view presented in historiography according to which the course of the Nicholaevan government towards “gradual improvement” of state life marked the refusal to cooperate with educated society, which in its turn had led to the mutual alienation between power and society by the end of the reign of Nicholas I. This view does not sufficiently consider the socio-cultural condition and the level of ambitions of the representatives of Russian society who began to see themselves as an active subject of the socio-political process in the period under research. Despite the desire of the Russian authorities to control the “work of thought” during the reign of Nicholas I, the main forms of interaction between the authorities and the public were outlined. By means of them, members of the public were able to convey to the authorities their vision of ways to solve pressing socio-political problems. Among these forms of interaction were literary circles and salons as well as the traditional practice of personal messages and letters addressed to the sovereign. In the 1840s, correspondents became more active in assessing government policy on the western outskirts of the Russian Empire. Government officials, writers and publicists sent their proposals for adjusting the national policy, and representatives of the authorities including Nicholas I himself responded to them, thus encouraging the public to intensify their activities. These proposals are assessed by the authors as a significant factor in the preparation of the course towards the Russification of national outskirts in the second half of the 19th century. The conclusion is substantiated that the views and proposals emanating from the representatives of the public outlined the contours of a possible model of interaction between power and society under the conditions of autocratic government.
А. Khanzhonkov and Co Joint-Stock Company and its competitors in Russia
Authors: Bessolitsyn Aleksandr A.
Published: September 2021

The article is based on the archival files of joint-stock companies in the film industry, stored in the fonds of the Russian State Historical Archive (RGIA), the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art (RGALI), and the Central State Historical Archive of St Petersburg (TsGIA SPb) as well as statistics digests Joint-Stock Companies of Russia (1912–1917) and scientific literature and focuses on the analysis of the activities of A. Khanzhonkov and Co Joint-Stock Company and its competitors in the film industry at the beginning of the twentieth century. A. Khanzhonkov’s joint-stock company, which gradually developed from a small trade and commission business that supplied the Russian market with films and equipment produced mainly by European, became a leader in the Russian pre-revolutionary film market. The company steadily made a profit, increased its fixed and reserve capital, and also paid dividends to shareholders annually. The author came to the conclusion that it is A. Khanzhonkov and Co Joint-Stock Company that was most successful and effective in the field of production and distribution of films among Russian film companies firms and was a real competitor to the branches of leading foreign companies in Russian film business, such as Gaumont and Pathé Brothers. However, the company was unable to fully exploit the opportunities which emerged after the outbreak of the First World War due to the withdrawal of a number of branches of leading foreign companies from the film market. By keeping his firm in the form of a joint-stock company, A. Khanzhonkov actually hindered its development himself by not issuing shares for free sale on the stock exchange. Therefore, the company constantly suffered a lack of investment. This was especially evident after the February Revolution of 1917, when new companies entered the film business, which significantly increased competition in the film market. The attempt to transfer the company’s activities to the Crimea in connection with the construction of a new Yalta film studio was not successful, primarily due to the deterioration of the overall political and economic situation in the country.
Animal Life Cycle Media Using Digital Comics for Fourth-Grade Elementary School Students
Authors: Yuswantara I Kadek Jodi , Wibawa I Made Citra
Published: September 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic situation has an impact on various aspects of human life, one of which is education. The Covid-19 pandemic has caused a change in the process of organizing learning from face-to-face to online learning. This change makes the availability of learning media for elementary school students in participating in online learning to be limited. This study aims to develop an animal life cycle media using digital comics for fourth grade elementary school students. This research is a media development research using the ADDIE model. The pandemic situation causes research to only be carried out until the development stage. The subjects of this research are two material experts, two media experts and two practitioners, while the object of this research is the validity of animal life cycle media using digital comics. The analysis technique used is qualitative and quantitative analysis. The instrument for collecting data in this study was a rating scale questionnaire. The data obtained from the media validity test were analyzed to find the percentage score. The results of the media test obtained were the material expert test with a percentage of 97.33%, the media expert test with a percentage of 98% and the practitioner test with a percentage of 91%. The three test results received a very good predicate. It can be concluded that the animal life cycle media using digital comics is valid and feasible to be used as a learning medium in schools. Therefore, the animal life cycle media using digital comics can be used as an alternative online learning media for elementary school students.
Significant Effect of Project Based Learning Video on Students’ Listening Skill in Pandemic Situation
Authors: Febiyanti Ni Wayan , Nitiasih Putu Kerti , Budiarta Luh Gd Rahayu , Adnyayanti Ni Luh Putu Era
Published: September 2021

Listening is one of the most important language skills to be learned by students. However, it is very difficult for teachers to teach these skills in learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. Teachers need innovative teaching techniques, one of which is using video media. This study aims to investigate the impact of using project-based learning videos on students' listening comprehension skills. The population in this study involved 4th grade elementary school students. The sample in this study used 40 grade 4 students from one intact class that were selected with a specific purpose. This research includes quantitative research with one group pretest-posttest design. The data collection instrument in this study used a listening comprehension test and a listening comprehension assessment rubric. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. From the results of the study, it was found that the mean value of the group at the posttest was 86.85 which was greater than the mean value at the pretest, which was 75.75. The standard deviation on the pretest also shows a value of 5,678 and the standard deviation on the posttest is 3,180. From the results of statistical inferential analysis shows that the value of Sig. (2-tailed) is .000. and lower than Sig. levels (.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a significant impact on the use of project-based learning videos on students' listening comprehension during the covid-19 pandemic.
Edutainment-Based Learning Model with Powerpoint Media Enhancing Students’ Learning Motivation
Authors: Susilawati S. C. Lenny , Suyanto Suyanto , Gufron Anik
Published: September 2021

The low student learning motivation, especially in the elementary level, is influenced by outdated learning media. This study aims at improving students’ learning motivation in social sciences among fifth-grade students through an edutainment-based learning model with PowerPoint. This research employed Classroom Action Research adapting Kemmis and Taggart model. The object of this research was the social sciences in Elementary School. The data collection techniques were through direct observation, questionnaires, and interviews. This research was conducted in two cycles and the improvements were made in the form of learning strategies in each cycle. The results showed that the learning process of social sciences using the developed PowerPoint could improve the students’ learning motivation among the fifth-grade students of the elementary school in the social sciences subject. Based on the observation results before the study, the average percentage was 60.00% or in the moderate category. After the research was carried out, it became 76.67% for the first cycle, and 88.33% or in the high category for the second cycle, respectively. The questionnaire results before the study were 55.08% or in the moderate category. After the learning process with the developed PowerPoint, it increased to 73.31% in the first and 81.37% in the high category in the second cycle, respectively. It indicates that the use of the developed learning media can significantly enhance students’ learning motivation among the students at elementary school.
Learning Video: Efforts to Improve the Quality of Natural Resource Learning for Elementary School Students
Authors: Kusumawati Ni Putu Yogi Sri , Jayanta I Nyoman Laba , Sukmana Adrianus I Wayan Ilia Yuda
Published: September 2021

The low student learning outcomes are caused by the lack of learning media that can motivate students to learn. Therefore, it is necessary to develop learning media that can increase student learning motivation. This study aims to produce products in the form of learning video media on science content, especially natural resource materials. This research is a Research & Development research based on the Borg & Gall model. The subject in this research is learning video media, with the validity of the media as the object of research. This study involved one learning material expert, one instructional media expert, one instructional design expert, and field test preparation (one teacher and six students). The data collection method used questionnaires and questionnaires which were then analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate that from the aspect of learning materials, aspects of learning media, and aspects of learning design, the qualifications are very good with a percentage of 96.1%. From the aspect of field testing, this media preparation has very good qualifications with a percentage of 97.4%. It was concluded that the learning video media developed was suitable for use in science content, especially natural resource materials in grade IV SD. Therefore, it is recommended to use video media as an alternative in improving the quality of learning natural resource materials in the fourth grade of elementary school.
Video-Based Learning on PPKn Education with the Topic of Symbols and Meanings of Pancasila
Authors: Akhmad AR Anggun Rimada , Bayu Gede Wira , Sudatha I Gde Wawan
Published: September 2021

Learning activities have not been carried out optimally. The learning media used is only fixed on one source of textbooks, so students have difficulty understanding the material. In addition, teachers only teach using the assignment and lecture methods. This study aims to develop learning media in the form of videos to assist students in learning. This type of research is development research with the model used is ADDIE. The methods used in collecting data are observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The instrument used in collecting data is a questionnaire. The subject of this research is Civics learning video media on the topic of symbols and meanings of the Pancasila precepts, in this study the data analysis technique used in this development research was using qualitative descriptive statistical analysis techniques and quantitative descriptive statistics. The results of the research are the results of the expert test of the content of the subjects developed to get the results of 4.84 with very good qualifications, the learning design experts get the results of 4.22 with very good qualifications, the test results from the learning media experts get the results of 4.30 with the qualifications very good. The results of the practitioner test got a result of 4.58 with very good qualifications, the results of the limited trial got a result of 4.79 with very good qualifications. It can be concluded that the media developed is feasible to be applied in learning. The implication of this research is that the developed media can make it easier for students to understand Civics subject matter, especially the topic of symbols and meanings of the Pancasila precepts.
BEBAN PAJAK TANGGUHAN, LEVERAGE, ASIMETRI INFORMASI TERHADAP MANAJEMEN LABA
Authors: Basrian Prakas Buai , Oktavia Reni , Tubarat Chara Pratami Tidespania
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of deferred tax expense, leverage, and information assimilation on earnings management.  This study uses secondary data with a population of companies registered in the Consumer Goods Industrial Sector Manufacturing Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2014-2018 period.  The method used to determine the sample using purposive sampling.  It consists of 18 manufacturing companies in the Consumer Goods industry with 90 samples.  The analytical method used is descriptive data analysis.  The results of hypothesis testing show that Deferred Tax Expenses have no effect on earnings management, Leverage has a positive effect on corporate earnings management and information assurance has no effect on corporate earningsmanagement.
Numerical simulation of surface flow through the lattice boltzmann method using sub-basin junction
Authors: Galina V. , Cargnelutti J. , Kaviski E. , Gramani L. , Lobeiro A.
Published: September 2021

The watershed surface runoff was investigated through the one-dimensional numerical simulation using the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM). A computational model was developed where the watershed is represented by the junction of nine sub-basins. For this, two equilibrium distribution functions were established through the Chapman-Enskog Expansion on a D1Q5 lattice, one suitable for flow on the basin surface and another for the main channel, obtaining the water depth on the basin surface and the channels cross-sectional area. In addition, the boundary condition was established in the flow passage from one sub-basin to another, taking into account the mass conservation and, in order to obtain a simulation closer to reality, it was considered an initial river flow (baseflow) of each channel stretch. The numerical results obtained by the LBM were compared with data measured in field.
Fenomena Cyber Religion sebagai Ekspresi Keberagamaan di Internet pada Komunitas Shift (Cyber Religion Phenomenon as a Religious Expression on the Internet in the Shift Community)
Authors: Toni Hariya , Rolando Dede Mercy , Yazid Yasril , Putra Robby Aditya
Published: September 2021

This article aims to determine the form of Shift's religious expression and the factor of the Shift community's interest in the context of cyberreligion. The research method is qualitative with the type of phenomenological research. There are 5 research subjects (subscribers) and the research object of the YouTube channel Shift. The interactive model analysis technique of Miles & Huberman from the results of data collection that the authors get. The results showed that the phenomenon of cyberreligion has touched various circles and was used by Ust. Hanan Attaki by establishing a Shift which targets the younger generation in the form of online religion. The use of YouTube as a means of spreading Shift's da'wah is categorized into the File-Sharing category. The study, which is nicely packaged by Ust. Hanan Attaki, has made it loved by the younger generation as an alternative in their religious information.
Pemetaan untuk Strategi Dakwah di Kota Semarang Menggunakan Pendekatan Data Mining (Mapping for Da'wah Strategy in Semarang City Using Data Mining Approach)
Authors: Karim Abdul , Adeni Adeni , Fitri Fitri , Fitri Alifa Nur , Hilmi Mustofa , Fabriar Silvia Riskha , Rachmawati Farida
Published: September 2021

This paper aims to explore the potential of da'wah in the city of Semarang with a data mining approach. The data mining approach is carried out by implementing the fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithm in order to obtain the optimum number of clusters in the potential clustering of da'wah in the city of Semarang. The data used in this study from the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia and the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of Semarang City. The results of the FCM analysis show that the optimum number of clusters is two clusters, where the sub-district in the second cluster is an area with a high potential for da'wah. This study provides information that in effective da'wah activities, certainty and clarity is needed regarding the targets of da'wah through mapping of da'wah in the form of clustering potential da'wah. This can be a consideration of dakwah strategies for the successful implementation of da'wah studies so that an increase in the target behavior of da'wah can be achieved. The application of FCM to get the optimum cluster of potential da'wah in order to produce da'wah mapping is novelty in the field of Islamic studies, especially the science of da'wah.
Dakwah Bil-Hal Kiai sebagai Upaya Pemberdayaan Santri (Action Da'wah by the Kiai as an Effort to Empower Students)
Authors: Kholis Nor , Mudhofi M , Hamid Nur , Aroyandin Elvara Norma
Published: September 2021

This study aims to examine the role of Kyai in the effort to empower students through the bil-hal da'wah method at one of the Islamic boarding schools in Yogyakarta. This type of research is field research. Data were collected through interview and observation methods. Through the emic approach, data analysis was carried out descriptively - qualitatively. The study results show that the bil-hal da'wah method carried out by Kyai has a positive impact on the students. This can be seen through three aspects; First, changes in theological morality and social morality for the better. Second, to cultivate the mentality of personality and social care. Third, create productivity of economic independence. However, it is still necessary to continue improving the students' competency skills (Human Resources). Apart from the shortcomings, the bil-hal da'wah method can be used as a role model for developing constructive da'wah, both for students and the wider community.
Literature reviews: Gender And Rural Development
Authors: Hasanati Surani , Rijanta R , Pitoyo AJ
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this paper was to elaborate the gap of gender and rural development from geography perspective based on scientific research literature reviews. Four papers was selected to conduct this literature reviews. There are paper from Jennifer C. Langill, Chetan Choitani, Rosanna Quagliariello and friends, also Tamara Jacka and Sally Sargeson. These journals are interesting because it discusses the conception of empirical-scientific geography model as empirical science. Jennifer C. Langill’s paper offered a conceptual framework for gendered division of labour and gendered livelihoods in rural Amazonia: highlighting how gender roles and gendered livelihoods in rural Amazonia: highlighting how gender roles and livelihood seasonality need to be understood as co-produced. Because gendered livelihoods are further complicated by household composition and life-stage, often over-burdened with productive and reproductive labour. While Chetan Choitani shows the impact of migration of men that include ‘improved autonomy’ and ‘increased responsibility’ for left-behind women, also provide conceptual pathways to understand migration-gender-food security linkages. Rosanna Quagliariello and friends offered solutions for gender mainstreaming in rural area by technocratic regulation, legality, implementation and law enforcement within the framework of gender mainstreaming that ensures the empowerment of women towards gender equality. While Tamara Jacka and Sally Sargeson Discover the highlight of local constructions of gender and representation.

Keywords: Gender, Rural Development, Gender and Development, Geography, Literature Review
Disaster Communication Based on Local Wisdom at Disaster Pried Areas
Authors: Hasmira Mira Hasti
Published: September 2021

Based on its location, Indonesia is very unique because it is prone to disasters. In disaster prevention and management efforts, disaster communication related to the government and communities in disaster-prone areas is required. To expedite the communication process that occurs, the government needs to increase knowledge and understanding of the local wisdom of the local community regarding the environment. This is important to increase public trust so that what is intended through disaster communication can be achieved.