bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, structure and luminescence of two europium complexes of diphenylimidazophenanthrolines
Authors: Yang Ling-Fei , Zhang Zhi-Peng , Li Yu-Lin , Cai Shu-Ting , Li Ze-Yan , Shen Yi-Ran , Zhang Zi-Ying , Lin Jia-Yu , Ou Yong-Cong , Wu Jian-Zhong
Published: July 2024

A dinuclear Eu(iii) complex with long photoluminescence lifetime was synthesized via hydrothermal nitrile hydrolysis and nitro to amino transformation.
Broken-gap energy alignment in two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures for multifunctional tunnel diodes
Authors: Taylor Patrick D. , Tawfik Sherif Abdulkader , Spencer Michelle J. S.
Published: July 2024

Using first-principles calculations, we examine the structural and electronic properties of 6 van der Waals heterostructures, HfS2/MoTe2, HfS2/WTe2, 1T-HfS2/WTe2, TiS2/WSe2, TiS2/ZnO, and TiSe2/WTe2 for multifunctional tunnel diode applications.
Dissociative photoionization of acetaldehyde in the 10.2–19.5 eV VUV range
Authors: Recio Pedro , Bello Roger Y. , García Gustavo A. , Zanchet Alexandre , González-Vázquez Jesús , Bañares Luis , Marggi Poullain Sonia
Published: July 2024

The energetics and dynamics of the state-selected dissociation of acetaldehyde cation prepared by one-photon valence shell ionization are studied via a combined experimental and high-level ab initio theoretical approach.
Does arginine aggregate formation in aqueous solutions follow a two-step mechanism?
Authors: Niu Fuge , Hu Xinyu , Ritzoulis Christos , Tu Weiwei , Zhao Xurui , Xia Yuanzhi , Lu Yinghua , Yin Junfeng , Pan Weichun
Published: July 2024

The formation of aggregates was studied in arginine aqueous solutions using light scattering.
Doping engineering of Cu-based catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to multi-carbon products
Authors: You Shiya , Xiao Jiewen , Liang Shuyu , Xie Wenfu , Zhang Tianyu , Li Min , Zhong Ziyi , Wang Qiang , He Hong
Published: July 2024

Recent developments in heteroatom-doped Cu-based catalysts for CO2 electroreduction into C2+ products are highlighted. The design strategies for doped catalysts and in situ technologies for CO2 electroreduction are discussed.
Cosolvent occupied solvation tuned anti-oxidation therapy toward highly safe 4.7 V-class NCM811 batteries
Authors: Chen Yuqing , Zhao Yun , Wang Aiping , Zhang Daozhen , Li Baohua , He Xiangming , Fan Xiulin , Liu Jilei
Published: July 2024

The high voltage electrolyte strategy: a highly oxidation resistant solvent occupies the solvation site to both expand the electrochemical window and form a stable interface, thus inhibiting irreversible phase transition of cathode materials.
Deep eutectic solvent-assisted dual valorization of waste distillers' grain-derived lignocellulose: pyrolyzed hydrochar microflower-supported peroxymonosulfate activation and lignin carbon dot-aided Fe3+ detection
Authors: Huang Cheng , Zhai Yunbo , Liu Xiangmin , Liu Xiaoping , Wang Zhexian , Zhou Yin , Luo Hanzhuo , Qin Deyu , Zhang Chen
Published: July 2024

A tailored engineering approach assisted by recyclable deep eutectic solvent fractionation was presented for the dual valorization of waste lignocellulose.
Revealing the importance of non-radical mechanisms in the degradation of sulfamethazine by Lewis acid-etched Co@MXene-activated peroxyacetic acid
Authors: Liu Dezhu , Zhang Siling , Zou Zhenwei , Fang Zheng , Chen Ping , Yu Zongshun , Zhang Xiaoyu , Li Zhenchao , Lin Zili , Lv Wenying , Liu Guoguang
Published: July 2024

Co@MXene activation of peracetic acid and degradation of sulfamethazine via two major pathways: non-radical activation and organic radical activation.
Knowledge distillation of neural network potential for molecular crystals
Authors: Taniguchi Takuya
Published: July 2024

Knowledge distillation worked to improve the neural network potential for organic molecular crystals.
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG alleviates sleep deprivation-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction and neuroinflammation in mice
Authors: Pang Xiaoqi , Zhou Bingqian , Wu Jingyi , Mo Qi , Yang Lijiao , Liu Tiaotiao , Jin Ge , Zhang Lan , Liu Xiang , Xu Xin , Wang Bangmao , Cao Hailong
Published: July 2024

Consuming probiotic products is a solution that people are willing to choose to augment health.
Miao sour soup alleviates DSS-induced colitis in mice: modulation of gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function
Authors: Li Lincao , Sun Haiyan , Tan Lunbo , Guo Hui , He Lisi , Chen Jieyu , Chen Shuting , Liu Dong , Zhu Mingjun , OuYang Zijun
Published: July 2024

Miao sour soup (MSS), a daily fermented food in Guizhou, China, is rich in microorganisms with various beneficial activities, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.
Improved voltammetric discrimination of acetaminophen and uric acid in urine using CoO biochar nanocomposite
Authors: Zhang Yihan , Baikeli Yiliyasi , Gao Zehong , Mamat Xamxikamar , Chen Longyi
Published: July 2024

Elaeagnus angustifolia gum offers a good polysaccharide biomass source for producing porous biochar. The incorporation of CoO cracked nanoplate and the biochar gave a promising application in analysis of clinical urine.
ElectrochemCap: an integrated detection for loop-mediated isothermal amplification reactions
Authors: Rioboó-Legaspi P. , Costa-Rama E. , Fernández-Abedul M. T.
Published: July 2024

An electrochemical microcentrifuge tube cap (ElectrochemCap) for integrated (bio)electroanalysis is demonstrated with a LAMP amplification reaction and its subsequent electrochemical detection. Adaptations for different containers are also presented.
A novel immunoassay technique using principal component analysis for enhanced detection of emerging viral variants
Authors: Mata Calidonio Josselyn , Maddox Arianna I. , Hamad-Schifferli Kimberly
Published: July 2024

We report a multicolor paper immunoassay to detect a SARS-CoV-2 variant unknown to the assay. The assay uses cross-reactive alpha antibodies and red and blue nanoparticles. Principal component analysis of the test image can detect the model unknown.
Enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting using nanostructured films: p-CuO sensitized with polyhedral n-Cu2O particles and CuS as photocathode
Authors: Santos Hugo Leandro Sousa , Mascaro Lucia Helena
Published: July 2024

The p–n type II heterojunction formed between p-CuO and n-Cu2O led to better separation and less charge carrier recombination, and the presence of CuS accelerates electron transfer at the photocathode/electrolyte interface.
Localized cancer photodynamic therapy approach based on core–shell electrospun nanofibers
Authors: Costa Sofia M. , Lourenço Leandro M. O. , Calhelha Ricardo C. , Calejo Isabel , Barrias Cristina C. , Fangueiro Raul , Ferreira Diana P.
Published: July 2024

Core–shell nanofibers loaded with porphyrin were produced to act as localized DDS for treating cervical cancer using PDT. Porphyrin-loaded electrospun nanofibers showed a higher phototoxic effect against tumor cells compared to non-tumor ones.
Optimization and scalability assessment of supercapacitor electrodes based on hydrothermally grown MoS2 on carbon cloth
Authors: Mannayil Jasna , Pitkänen Olli , Mannerkorpi Minna , Kordas Krisztian
Published: July 2024

Hydrothermal synthesis of binder-free MoS2 on carbon cloth is optimized and demonstrated using aqueous and ionic liquid-based electrolytes for application in supercapacitors.
A gel adsorbent material composed of a polymer hydrogelator and activated carbon
Authors: Hirukawa Mai , Ohsedo Yutaka
Published: July 2024

A composite gel adsorbent was formed by simply mixing a polymer hydrogelator and an adsorbent material, activated carbon.
Cobalt-based core@shell catalysts for guaiacol hydro conversion: use of salicylic acid as a sacrificial modulator of the interaction between the metal phase and the silica support
Authors: Aguirre-Abarca Diego A. , Pazo-Carballo César , Laurenti Dorothée , Karelovic Alejandro , Dongil Ana B. , Escalona Néstor
Published: July 2024

Salicylic acid as a cobalt-based catalyst modifier enhances the activity with increased selectivity towards cyclohexanol. This is linked to changes induced by the modifier over the cobalt surface, allowing for tuning of the catalytic activity.
Novel mixed self-assembled monolayers of l-cysteine and methanol on gold surfaces under ambient conditions
Authors: Franco Vanina Gisela , Rodríguez Sindy Julieth , Calaza Florencia Carolina , Passeggi Mario César Guillermo , Ruano Gustavo Daniel
Published: July 2024

Novel mixed self-assembled monolayer of neutral and zwitterionic l-cysteine pairs surrounded by methanol on Au(100), which is stable under ambient conditions.
Ultrasensitive and selective colorimetric and smartphone-based detection of arsenic ions in aqueous solution using alliin–chitosan–AgNPs
Authors: Paw Rintumoni , Guha Ankur K. , Tamuly Chandan
Published: July 2024

Developed a highly selective and sensitive colorimetric sensor for arsenic [As(iii)] detection using allin-chitosan stabilized silver nanoparticles [AC–AgNPS].
Optimizing white light emission in Dy(iii) complexes: impact of energy transfer from mono and bidentate ligands on luminescence
Authors: Malik Sofia , Jakhar Komal , Singh Devender , Hooda Anjli , Redhu Sonia , Dalal Swati , Aggarwal Vandana , Kumar Sumit , Malik Rajender Singh , Kumar Parvin
Published: July 2024

Complexes of dysprosium(iii) ions with 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedione featuring various mono and bi-dentate neutral ligands have been prepared and thoroughly investigated.
Assessment of wafer scale MoS2 atomic layers grown by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition using organo-metal, organo-sulfide, and H2S precursors
Authors: Curtis Michael , Maryon Olivia , McKibben Nicholas , Eixenberger Josh , Chen Chen , Chinnathambi Karthik , Pasko Sergej , El Kazzi Salim , Redwing Joan M. , Estrada David
Published: July 2024

Wafer scale transition metal dichalcogenide films grown by MOCVD using two different chalcogen precursors are assessed for layer homogeneity and quality. These characteristics are then compared to electrical properties on the growth substrate.
Precursor engineering for soft selective synthesis of phase pure metal-rich digenite (Cu9S5) and djurleite (Cu31S16) nanocrystals and investigation of their photo-switching characteristics
Authors: Yadav Suraj Peerappa , Karmakar Gourab , Shah Alpa Y. , Vats Bal Govind , Pathak Ankita , Tyagi Adish , Chauhan Rohit Singh , Singh Vishal
Published: July 2024

Two copper complexes, CuX(dmpymSH)(PPh3)2 (where X = Cl or I), were applied as efficient single source precursors for phase selective isolation of Cu9S5 (digenite) and Cu31S16 (djurleite) nanomaterials in pure form.
Artificial intelligence driven molecule adsorption prediction (AIMAP) applied to chirality recognition of amino acid adsorption on metals
Authors: Guo Zi-Xing , Song Guo-Liang , Liu Zhi-Pan
Published: July 2024

An automated AI-based tool (AIMAP) is developed to predict molecule adsorption on surfaces in general, which is applied to identify the chiral recognition pattern of amino acids on the Cu surface.
Enhanced condensation kinetics in aqueous microdroplets driven by coupled surface reactions and gas-phase partitioning
Authors: Li Meng , Yang Shu , Rathi Meenal , Kumar Satish , Dutcher Cari S. , Grassian Vicki H.
Published: July 2024

Coupled partitioning, interfacial chemistry and autocatalysis are shown through experiments and kinetic modeling to drive condensation reactions at the air/water interface.
Selective sodium halide over potassium halide binding and extraction by a heteroditopic halogen bonding [2]catenane
Authors: Tay Hui Min , Docker Andrew , Hua Carol , Beer Paul D.
Published: July 2024

A heteroditopic [2]catenane is a potent ion-pair receptor for alkali metal halides. It preferentially binds sodium halides over potassium halides, which translates to selective extraction of solid sodium halide salts into organic solvents.
Ammonia storage performance of thiocyanate-based pseudo ionic liquids: experimental study and computational chemistry analysis
Authors: Cao Yu , Jiang Kejie , Deng Dongshun
Published: July 2024

A series of novel thiocyanate-based phase-change pseudo ionic liquids (PILs) with excellent renewability have been designed for ammonia absorption and storage.
Correction: Cleaning steel by devulcanizing rubber from used automotive tires
Authors: Chen Yang , Ibrahim Saleh , Zheng Sijia , Wittenberg Liam , Chapple Spencer , LaChapelle Griffin , Iao Cheok Hang , Bourke Adam , Brook Michael A.
Published: July 2024

Correction for ‘Cleaning steel by devulcanizing rubber from used automotive tires' by Yang Chen et al., RSC Sustain., 2023, 1, 2006–2013, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3SU00218G.
Decoupling Li+ conductivity and mechanical stability in a thermally reversible concentrated sulfone-based gel electrolyte for lithium metal batteries
Authors: Jiang Xueao , Chen Jiayin , Zeng Junfeng , Liu Weijian , Wu Xuansheng , Lv Yang , Liu Fangyan , Zhang Ce , Li Zhiyong , Wang Xiwen , Zhang Shiguo
Published: July 2024

This work presents a mechanically strong and highly Li+-conductive gel electrolyte featuring thermally induced electrode wetting and healing, which holds great promise in solid-state lithium-metal batteries and other flexible and wearable devices.
Anharmonic rattling leading to ultra-low lattice thermal conductivity in Cu12Sb4S13 tetrahedrites
Authors: Rana Kewal Singh , Nidhi  , Bera Chandan , Biswas Kanishka , Soni Ajay
Published: July 2024

Phonon propagations driven by disorder and anharmonicity associated with Cu(12e) atoms particularly govern the lattice dynamics in Cu12Sb4S13, resulting in an ultra-low lattice thermal conductivity for thermoelectric applications.
Photo-gain optimization in multilayer organic phototransistors by study of space-charge limited current
Authors: Baroni Giulia , Reginato Francesco , Prosa Mario , Brucale Marco , Prescimone Federico , Seri Mirko , Gallegos-Rosas Katherine , Soldano Caterina , Bolognesi Margherita , Toffanin Stefano
Published: July 2024

The photo-gain and sensitivity of solution processed multilayer organic phototransistors are optimized by analyzing the space-charge limited current behavior of the different photoactive layers embedded in hole-only and electron-only diodes.
RIS codebook‐based beamsteering validation and field trials
Authors: Wang Yiwen , Wang Weimin , Wu Yongle , Fan Wei
Published: July 2024

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), equipped with a large number of small, low‐cost, and re‐configurable elements, is envisioned as a potential enabler for the upcoming 5G‐Advanced and 6G networks. Here, based on a flexibly tunable and readily programmable RIS, the capability of beamforming toward arbitrary desired directions and coverage enhancement are investigated and experimentally demonstrated. The theory of RIS‐based beamforming is introduced, the simulated beamforming radiation patterns are provided, and an over‐the‐air radiated testing platform is designed for characterizing RIS beamforming performance. The RIS beam steering radiation performance tests are conducted, and the radiation patterns for different directions are extracted and analyzed. In addition, the indoor field trials on the RIS performance evaluation of enhancing coverage are reported. The field trials for multiple RIS‐deployed scenarios, including RIS mirror placement, RIS non‐mirror placement, and non‐RIS assisted scenarios, are conducted, and the channel characteristics for those scenarios are extracted and modelled. Significant improvements in overcoming path loss and shadow fading in typical coverage holes can be observed. The proposed testing method and measurement results may provide some insights into the design and optimization of RIS‐aided wireless communications.
Multi‐band millimetre wave indoor directional channel measurements and analysis for future wireless communication systems
Authors: Al‐Jzari Amar , Salous Sana
Published: July 2024

Single‐input single‐output (SISO) three‐dimensional (3D) wideband indoor directional measurements collected in a factory environment and an office environment at 38 and 70 GHz are presented. 3D single‐input multiple‐output (SIMO) dual polarised measurements with 1 × 2 antenna configurations were also carried out in a meeting room, a conference room, and an office room at the 60 GHz band. The measurements cover both azimuth and elevation by rotating the directional antenna (RDA) at the receiver side. Different statistical channel parameters such as power delay profile, power angle profile, root‐mean‐square delay spread, angular spread, and path loss were estimated for different possible antenna orientations between the transmitter and the receiver, which include line‐of‐sight, obstructed line‐of‐sight, and non‐line‐of‐sight. The polarisation effects on path loss models and the delay and angular spread models based on the surface area of the environment are studied. The results will be valuable for the design of indoor millimetre wave cellular networks.
Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart – a tradition in progress for nuclear data
Authors: Soti Zsolt , Dreher Raymond , Magill Joseph
Published: July 2024

The Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart is a well-known nuclear data collection used in education and research institutions worldwide. This paper summarises its content from 1958, with data on 1517 experimentally observed nuclides, to the latest 2022/23 edition with data on 4122 nuclides. The paper also provides an overview of the data content of the latest edition with emphasis on the data sources. The unique features of this nuclide chart are the compact presentation of the most essential and up-to-date nuclide data in small, 1.5 × 1.5 cm nuclide boxes and the availability in different printed formats. This compact data presentation allows the Chart to supplement educational and research materials in the last 65 years. In the past eleven years, the Chart’s booklet has been extended by 100 simplified decay schemes for nuclides of particular interest to understand the decay processes in more detail.
Dental implants in oral rehabilitation after denosumab and bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in a young patient: an unusual case
Authors: Salabert Noémie , Loison-Robert Ludwig , Ahossi Victorin , Hoarau David
Published: July 2024

Patients often request oral rehabilitation after surgical resection. Here, a 19-year-old patient developed medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw after treatment with antiresorptive therapy. After the surgical treatment for osteonecrosis, dental implants were discussed. While there is a known risk of provoking secondary osteonecrosis of the jaw in such cases, other factors should also be taken into account. This case report highlights the importance of close monitoring for patients with a history of medication that incurs a risk osteonecrosis', and the feasibility of dental implants on the surgical site in some conditions. Decisions relative to implant placement were made based on the patient's specific history, their present situation, and the potential options that were available.
Does immersive virtual reality reduce pain and anxiety in pediatric dentistry? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Egly Amandine , Gremeau-Richard Christelle , Devoize Laurent
Published: July 2024

Introduction: There is a bidirectional relationship between anxiety and pain with mutual potentiation. We already have many treatments, pharmacological (anxiolytics, conscious sedation) or not (tell-show-do, hypnosis, music), to control anxiety and/or pain. Of all the digital approaches for the treatment of pain, virtual reality (VR) has for several years been the subject of studies and tests on different types of pain, with promising results. The objective of this meta-analysis is to determine the effects of VR on pain and anxiety in a pediatric population during dental care including minor oral surgery. Materials and method: Our research was carried out using different databases such as PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane. Review Manager 5.4.1 software was used to perform the quantitative analysis. Randomised controlled trials evaluating pain and/or anxiety in children who received dental treatment and comparing immersive virtual reality to usual care were included. Results: 5 articles were finally selected. Anxiety was measured by the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dentale Subscale and by the heart rate which showed a significant reduction of anxiety thanks to the VR (SMD = −0,53, 95%CI = −0,77, −0,28, p<0,0001 and SMD = −0,91, 95% CI = −1,31, −0,51, p<0,00001 respectively). The pain was measured by the Wong-Baker Faces Scale which showed a significant reduction thanks to the VR (SMD = −0,99, 95%CI = −1,24, −0,74, p<0,00001). Discussion: There is a clinical heterogeneity between the studies as well as significant statistical heterogeneity in all the meta-analyses (≥65%). All studies are single-census, with a low number of subjects included (varying from 54 to 104) and a limited age range (from 4 to 12). The population within the studies can be considered heterogeneous since it includes young children and pre-adolescents. Last but not least, it exists a publication bias that decreases the credibility of the results of this review which might influence the validity of the evidence. Conclusion: This meta-analysis is therefore innovative since it is not only the first to carry out a quantitative analysis but also the first to include only VR headsets and to exclude all studies on audio-visual distraction. Our work confirms the very recent interest of immersive VR in reducing pain and anxiety in pediatric dentistry. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to reach a definitive conclusion.
Young generations facing post-nuclear accident situations: from Chernobyl to Fukushima
Authors: Ando R. , Lochard J. , Schneider T. , Akimoto N. , Sasaki D. , Iseki K.
Published: July 2024

The experiences of Chernobyl and Fukushima are rich in lessons regarding the concerns and also the role of the young generations who decided to stay and live in the affected territories after the nuclear accidents. If the major concern at the time of the accident and in the following years is the protection against radioactivity, over time the issue of the future of the affected areas and the quality of life of their inhabitants take precedence. The article presents first a series of observations collected during the ETHOS project and the CORE programme in Belarus between 1996 and 2008 in the territories affected by the Chernobyl accident. Then, it presents testimonies and opinions heard during the 24th Fukushima Dialogue, held in November 2022, devoted to the role of the younger generation in the recovery process. Despite quite contrasting radiological situations, the concerns of young adults in both countries, more than 10 yr after the accidents, show similarities that are highlighted in this article, particularly their motivation to participate to the elaboration of a common vision for the future of the affected areas and to get involved in the recovery process.
Quasi-stationary substructure within a sporadic E layer observed by the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR)
Authors: Wood Alan G. , Dorrian Gareth D. , Boyde Ben , Fallows Richard A. , Themens David R. , Mevius Maaijke , Sprenger Tim , Main Robert , Pryse S. Eleri , Elvidge Sean
Published: July 2024

Observations made with the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR) have been used to infer the presence of variations in a sporadic E layer on a spatial scale of several kilometres and a temporal scale of ~10 min. LOFAR stations across the Netherlands observed Cygnus A between 17 UT and 18 UT on 14th July 2018 at frequencies between 24.9 MHz and 64.0 MHz. Variations in the relative signal intensity, together with the consideration of geometric optics, were used to infer the presence of a plasma structure. Spatial variations between the stations and the dispersive nature of the observations suggested that this plasma structure was located within the ionosphere. Independent confirmation of the presence of a sporadic E layer, and variation within it, was obtained from observations made by the Juliusruh ionosonde (54.6°N, 13.4°E), which observed reflection of radio waves at an altitude of ~120 km and from frequencies of up to ~6 MHz. The large number (38) of LOFAR stations across the Netherlands, together with the sub-second temporal resolution and broadband frequency coverage of the observations, enabled the fine details of the spatial variation and the evolution of the structure to be determined. The structure was quasi-stationary, moving at ~12 m s−1, and it exhibited significant variation on spatial scales of a few kilometres. The observations were consistent with the steepening of a plasma density gradient at the edge of the feature over time due to an instability process. A 1-D numerical model showed that the observations were consistent with an electron density enhancement in the sporadic E layer with a density change of 2 × 1011 m−3 and a spatial scale of several kilometres. Collectively, these results show the ability of LOFAR to observe substructure within sporadic E layers and how this substructure varies with time. They also show the potential value of such datasets to constrain models of instability processes, or to discriminate between competing models.
CGRP: vom Neuropeptid zum therapeutischen Target (Hintergründe und
Pathophysiologie)
Authors: Kamm Katharina
Published: July 2024

Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide (CGRP) spielt eine zentrale Rolle in der
Pathophysiologie der Migräne. Die Bedeutung von CGRP für die Migräne ist aus
zahlreichen klinischen Studien mit Nachweis von erhöhten CGRP-Spiegeln iktal und
interiktal sowie der Wirksamkeit der CGRP-basierten Therapien bekannt. In der
vorliegenden Arbeit werden diese Studien vorgestellt und so der Weg zur
Entwicklung der CGRP-basierten Medikamente aufgezeigt. Abschließend werden
aktuelle Studienergebnisse in Bezug auf die CGRP-Rezeptorantagonisten, die
sogenannten Gepante, vorgestellt.
Catalytic Asymmetric Syntheses of 3-Monosubstituted Oxindoles
Authors: Liu Xigong , Liu Lei
Published: July 2024

Chiral 3-monosubstituted oxindoles are privileged structural motifs in a variety of natural products and synthetic pharmaceuticals. However, catalytic asymmetric syntheses of these structural motifs remain challenging, mainly because of the ease of racemization of the tertiary stereocenter through enolization. In this short review, asymmetric synthetic methods for the preparation of chiral 3-monosubstituted oxindoles are summarized from the perspective of four different strategies, including Michael addition, carbenoid-mediated C–H insertion, decarboxylative protonation, and indole oxidation.

1 Introduction

2 Asymmetric Michael Addition

3 Asymmetric Carbenoid-Mediated C–H Insertion

4 Asymmetric Decarboxylative Protonation

5 Asymmetric Indole Oxidation

6 Others

7 Conclusion
Mild and Stereoselective Synthesis of (1E,3E)-Dienes through Silver(I)-Catalyzed β-Hydride Migration from Allylic α-Diazo Esters
Authors: Sá Marcus M. , Moro Pedro A. M. , Russo Theo V. C. , Port Vinicius C. , Caramori Giovanni F.
Published: July 2024

A mild procedure for the diastereoselective preparation of functionalized 1,3-dienes and their synthetic versatility are described herein. The silver-catalyzed decomposition of α-diazo-γ,δ-unsaturated esters through β-hydride migration at room temperature resulted in the stereoselective formation of 12 conjugated (1E,3E)-dienes. Further synthetic post-modifications included intramolecular Heck reaction and hydrogenation, leading to a novel substituted indene and an aliphatic diester, respectively. To rationalize the observed reaction outcome, a computational investigation of the mechanisms was conducted, emphasizing the importance of factors such as metallocarbenoid stability, substituent effects, and microkinetics simulations to better understand the reaction intricacies.
ISMPO Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Singh Randeep , Sarin Aditya , Kulkarni Padmaj , Verma Amit , Rathi Arun , Smruti B. Koppikar , Gupta Deepika , Govind Babu Kanakasetty , Malhotra Hemant , Bajpai Jyoti , Chandra Madhavi , Parikh Purvish , Sharma Shambhavi , Badwal Sonia , Mittal Shivani , Sud Seema , Gupta Sudeep , Nag Shona , Radhakrishnan Venkat , Aggarwal Shyam
Published: July 2024

The management of breast cancer has become increasingly complex and multidisciplinary in the recent past. Further, there are unique constraints and opportunities for cancer care delivery in India, including socioeconomic, geographic, and other disparities. Therefore, the Indian Society of Medical and Paediatric Oncology convened a panel of experts to create evidence and context-based guidelines for the management of early breast cancer.
131I-mIBG Therapy in the Management of High-Risk Neuroblastoma: A Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Level Hospital in South India
Authors: Vishnu A.R. , Sunny Saumya , Hephzibah Julie , Mathew Leni G. , John Rikki Rorima
Published: July 2024

Introduction Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood. The data on the treatment experience with 131iodine-meta-iodo-benzyl-guanidine (131I-mIBG) and clinical outcome data are meager from India.

Objectives This article studies the efficacy and treatment outcomes in patients treated with 131I-mIBG in high-risk neuroblastoma.

Materials and Methods The study group consisted of 201 consecutive patients (aged between 1 and 15 years) with biopsy-proven neuroblastoma who underwent 131I-mIBG scans from 2012 to 2022. The majority of these children had a disease that was inoperable or had poor response to chemotherapy. Patients with positive scintigraphy were considered for therapy with 131I-mIBG. The findings were analyzed and correlated with the final diagnosis and outcomes obtained from survival during follow-up and reviewing patient records.

Results Thirty-nine children, 22 males and 17 females, with a median age of 4 years had positive 131I-mIBG scintigraphy. Intra-abdominal primary lesions and osseous lesions were the most common sites of uptake on 131I-mIBG scan. Of these, 13 had upfront chemotherapy and 26 had surgery followed by chemotherapy. All the patients underwent therapy with 131I-mIBG. Fourteen patients had multiple therapies while the remaining 25 had only one therapy. Eight patients had no follow-up, and 13 had disease relapse. The remaining 18 had regression of disease which was confirmed by follow-up 131I-mIBG scintigraphy and with bone scintigraphy in patients with osseous metastases.

Conclusion 131I-mIBG scintigraphy should be preferred in intermediate and high-risk neuroblastoma to know the extent of the disease and also for patient selection for early therapy with 131I-mIBG. It holds significant utility in the management of metastatic neuroblastoma, facilitating palliative pain relief and tumor size reduction in inoperable or metastatic disease.
An Exasperating and Unusual Presentation of Buschke-Lowenstein Tumor in an Adolescent Girl: Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Nanda Sony , Mohapatra Janmejaya , Mahapatra Manoranjan , Parija Jita , Nayak Bhagyalaxmi
Published: July 2024

Giant condylomata acuminata of Buschke-Löwenstein (GCBL) is a benign condition with a high recurrence rate and a remote possibility of developing into cancer. It is characterized by excessive proliferation of verrucous lesions on the genitalia and/or perianal region, and is frequently linked to human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes 6 and 11. With the exception of a few case series, case reports make up the majority of the literature. Despite the literature's support for surgical excision, the current evaluation reveals a lack of clarity regarding the disease's diagnosis and best course of action. Better assessment and management of these patients are necessary to prevent any progression/recurrence of disease.

Here, we present a case of a GCBL of the vulva in an 18-year-old girl, who was effectively treated with a simple vulvectomy and split skin graft reconstruction. The reported case is one of the rarest presentations of Buschke-Löwenstein tumor as it is not associated with any of the HPV subtypes and is seen in an 18-year-old girl, one of the youngest patients reported till date. This case report is followed by a brief review of the literature on GCBL, which will add to our understanding of this entity and the most effective therapy to treat the disease.
Estimating Palatal and Pharyngeal Muscle Contraction in Hindi Syllable Pronunciation using Computational Modeling
Authors: Vathulya Madhubari , Sarkar Subrato , Singh Indra Vir , Prajapati Tripta , Sharma Pankaj
Published: July 2024

Introduction Speech, one of the main functions affected by cleft palate, involves a complex orchestra of sound deformation by various organs including the larynx, pharynx, epiglottis, palate, tongue, lip, and other structures complementing them. Although the effects of palatoplasty are traditionally evaluated subjectively, objective parameters have seldom been described to compare the pre- and postrepair functions. The study tries to extract the palatal and pharyngeal muscles while uttering various Hindi syllables and tries to find the percentage contraction of these structures as an objective assessment.

Materials and Methods Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) images while uttering each syllable of the Hindi syllable are obtained by subjecting a healthy volunteer to a dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Using freeform geomagic software, 3D models of the structure of the pharynx and palate were created, which were then used to create a finite element model. Different anatomical constraints were applied to the muscles obtained. The finite element model was tested for convergence and a suitably fine mesh was used to obtain the results. The percentage of contraction of the palate and pharynx for uttering different syllables was thus evaluated.

Results The palate and the posterior pharyngeal walls yielded different contractions for different syllables independent of each other. The highest contraction for the palate and posterior pharyngeal wall was for the syllable /k/ and the lowest regarding the palate was for /h/ and /eː/ for the pharyngeal wall.

Conclusion Using computational modeling, quantification of speech in terms of percentage contraction of the palate and pharynx has been attempted for the Hindi language. Once validated with a larger population, the database may be used to quantify speech deformities due to structural pathologies in terms of palatal and pharyngeal contractions and help us assess the effectiveness of corrective surgeries for them.
Evaluating Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy to Improve Single-Stage Dermal Substitute and Skin Grafting: A Comparative Study
Authors: Korambayil Pradeoth Mukundan , Sanghvi Hemang Arvind , Dilliraj Vinoth Kumar , Ambookan Prashanth Varkey
Published: July 2024

Background Dermal substitutes offer a valuable tool in soft-tissue reconstruction, reducing the need for donor site tissue and its associated complications. However, conventional approaches often require multiple surgeries. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of a single-stage procedure combining dermal substitute and skin grafting with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy to the standard multistage protocol.

Materials and Methods A comparative study was conducted from January 2022 to December 2023. The medical records of 24 patients who underwent soft-tissue reconstruction were reviewed. Patients were categorized into two groups based on whether they received HBO therapy (HBO group) or followed the standard multistage protocol (control group). Outcomes were compared between the groups.

Results The study included 18 males and 6 females with an average age of 43 years (range: 5–91 years). Underlying medical conditions included diabetes mellitus (n = 11) and peripheral vascular disease (n = 2). Wounds were due to various causes, including necrotizing fasciitis (n = 2), trauma (n = 10), diabetic ulcers (n = 6), postburn hypertrophic scars/contractures (n = 3), chronic ulcers (n = 1), and sternal wound dehiscence (n = 1). All the patients achieved successful wound closure with dermal substitute application, eliminating the need for additional surgery. Notably, the group receiving HBO therapy experienced a shorter overall hospital stay compared with the standard multistage group.

Conclusion This study demonstrates the effectiveness of dermal substitutes in soft-tissue reconstruction. Furthermore, the addition of HBO therapy in a single-stage procedure appears beneficial for successful outcomes, potentially reducing hospital stay compared with the traditional multistage approach.
High-speed rotating mechanism based on multi-sensor data fusion end face displacement determination method
Authors: Li Chi , Liang Weige , Zhang Yu , Wang Qingshan , Sun Shiyan , Zhang Yiqun
Published: July 2024

As a type of transmission actuator commonly used in mechanical structures, high-speed rotary mechanisms are widely used in the machinery, energy, civil engineering, and military industries. The main working part of the mechanism is the end face, and the vibration characteristics of the end face directly affect the accuracy and completeness of the whole mechanism. In terms of performance, the end face vibration characteristics reflect the degree of change in the machine’s end face displacement. The traditional end face displacement test method uses a single contact sensor for measurement, but the degree of error in the system is large. It is also difficult to adapt this method to the current high-precision working conditions under the requirements for accurate vibration prediction and control technology. Therefore, this work proposes a test method based on multi-sensor acquisition and data fusion, using different sensors to form a sensor test network. It seeks to address the limitations of the conventional test method that relies on a single-frequency domain, using high-frequency domain impact signals, medium-frequency domain vibration signals, and low-frequency domain rotational speed signals for multi-sensor data fusion to achieve a complete high-speed rotating mechanism with a particular focus on full-area coverage. In order to better obtain the test data, the sensor layout network is optimized through the optimization design method, and the optimal sensor installation scheme is proposed. Finally, the data fusion algorithm and sensor layout scheme are experimentally verified with a typical high-speed rotating mechanism.
Comparative analysis of saturated–unsaturated shear strength under undrained loading: Experimental validation and ANN prediction of clayey soils
Authors: Pande Prashant , Giri Jayant , Ali Mohd Sajid , Mohammad Faruq , Raut Jayant , Raut Sanjay , Sathish T. , Giri Pallavi
Published: July 2024

Geotechnical designs and analyses of earth structures and foundations exclusively involve the assessment and consideration of unsaturated soil shear strength. The laboratory testing equipment and methods for predicting the unsaturated soil shear strength are complicated and more expensive. The experimental program attempted to involve undrained triaxial and filter paper for evaluating the unsaturated soil shear strength of identically compacted clayey soil. This study undertakes a comparison of shear strength in clayey soil under undrained loads, examining both saturated and unsaturated conditions. A 60 kPa air entry suction value is the key point at which linearity between the unsaturated shear strength parameter Øb and effective friction Ø′ with 15° linear slopes turns to non-linearity. Unsaturated shear strength increased by 22.76% in optimally wet conditions, 52.68% in optimum conditions, and 77.81% in optimally dry conditions as compared to saturated shear strength. This study utilizes an artificial neural network (ANN) to predict clayey soil’s unsaturated shear strength, finding that the optimal ANN configuration (2-5-1 topology, Levenberg–Marquard optimization, and logsig transfer function) achieved high reliability with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.9289 and mean square error values of 2.22, 7.12, and 3.012 for training, testing, and validation, respectively. This experimental investigation improves our understanding of clayey soil shear strength and emphasizes the importance of saturation and moisture content in geotechnical assessments under undrained loading conditions.
Experimental study on the effect of combustion and emission performance of biodiesel–ammonia dual-fuel engine
Authors: Qiu Ye , Wei Haijun , Zhou Daping , Zhou Xinyi , Li Tie
Published: July 2024

To assist vessels in meeting the net-zero emission target set by the International Maritime Organization for 2050, this article investigates the emission and combustion characteristics of biodiesel–ammonia dual-fuel engines. This research investigates the impact of various ammonia mass ratios (AMRs, m%) at 0, 14.67%, 29.48%, 46.21%, 58.73%, and 82.72% on the combustion and emission performance of biodiesel–ammonia dual-fuel engines at fixed speed and load. The results show that the biodiesel–ammonia dual-fuel engine is capable of operating at a substantial AMR of 82.72%. In addition, as the AMR increased, the in-cylinder pressure and brake thermal efficiency decreased. The heat release rate peaked at 57.13% AMR. When compared to the only-biodiesel mode, NOx, CO2, and soot emissions are significantly reduced. CO2 and soot emissions decreased by 63.43% and 60%, respectively, at 82.72% AMR, while NOx emissions fell by 34.15% at 58.73% AMR. The emissions of N2O and unburned ammonia rose linearly as AMR increased. The increase in N2O did not counteract the substantial fall in CO2e. CO2e fell by 63.12% at 82.72% AMR, following a trend to similar CO2.
Shear clustering in solution: Polyelectrolytes compared to uncharged polymers
Authors: Wolf Bernhard A.
Published: July 2024

The number Σ of polymer molecules that flow together in a cluster at the crossover concentration (separating the solvent-dominated from the polymer-dominated regime) is for a given mass of the solutes in the case of polyelectrolytes by two to three orders of magnitude smaller than for uncharged polymers. According to the present analysis, this difference is attributed to the ability of polyelectrolytes to form ordered structures even at very small concentrations. The cluster size at the crossover concentration varies in large limits from system to system. This observation can be rationalized by the fact that the crossover concentration is primarily given by static properties of the polymers in contrast to the cluster size, for which interactions are decisive. At sufficiently high dilution, the number of macromolecules flowing together as a function of their concentration c (mass/volume) obeys the following relationship: Σ = Ksystem + log c, where the constant characterizes the system.
Droplet impact dynamics on a rotating aluminum disk: Comparative study based on liquid properties
Authors: Moghtadernejad Sara , Jadidi Mehdi , Medina Kevin
Published: July 2024

An experimental study has been conducted to explore the effect of liquid properties on the dynamics of a droplet impacting a rotating aluminum disk. The study focuses on water, ethanol, and a glycerol–water mixture to cover a wide range of Weber, Reynolds, and Ohnesorge numbers as well as contact angles. The investigation has identified four distinct regimes, including deposition, child droplet formation, asymmetric splash, and partial rebound, depending on the rotational speed, impact velocity, and liquid properties. The angular and radial spreading lengths of droplets at different operating conditions and times have been measured and different empirical correlations have been developed to link these lengths as well as the maximum radial and angular spreading lengths to the Reynolds (or Weber) number, the Ohnesorge number, dimensionless time, and contact angle hysteresis. It is revealed that the angular spreading length markedly increases with time and rotational speed. Conversely, an increase in the Ohnesorge number leads to a reduction in the angular spreading. The maximum radial spreading length diminishes with a decrease in impact velocity or an increase in the Ohnesorge number or the rotational speed. Additionally, it has been observed that within the deposition regime, as the Ohnesorge number increases or the contact angle decreases, the droplet does not retract radially. Upon droplet deposition on the rotating surface, it has been noted that a wave propagates across the droplet surface from its inner edge to the outer edge, leading to the formation of fingers. Remarkably, it has been determined that the velocity of this wave is unaffected by liquid properties and is solely determined by the rotational speed and impact velocity. Furthermore, a substantial increase in the number of fingers is observed with a decrease in the Ohnesorge number or an increase in the rotational speed.
Physics understanding and control of boundary layer separation employing surface microstructures
Authors: Norouzi Shayan , Velayati Vahid , Rostami Saeed , Javadi Khodayar , Taeibi-Rahni Mohammad
Published: July 2024

This study delves into the efficacy of trailing edge surface microstructures (TESM) in mitigating boundary layer separation on a National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics 0015 airfoil to augment aerodynamic performance. Three-dimensional quasi-spherical structures were integrated onto the upper surface of the airfoil near the trailing edge. The large eddy simulation approach was employed to solve the flow at a Reynolds number of 600 000 and an angle of attack of 17°. Key findings underscore notable disparities in vortex formation and turbulent flow evolution between clean and TESM airfoils, underscoring TESM's capacity to impede turbulent spot formation. Particularly, airfoils outfitted with TESM showcased diminished pressure oscillations over the surface compared to clean airfoil and prevented the formation of large eddies and upward flow movement, resulting in enhanced aerodynamic efficiency. Consequently, there was a 7% augmentation in lift coefficient, a 53% reduction in drag coefficient, and a remarkable 120% increase in lift-to-drag ratio observed. As an intriguing discovery, employing the TESM airfoil leads to an average reduction of 75% in the amplitude of lift and drag oscillations.
Numerical investigation of hydrodynamic characteristics for flow past a square cylinder due to combined wave-current effect
Authors: Dutta Debasish , Afzal Mohammad Saud
Published: July 2024

This paper conducts a thorough numerical investigation into the three-dimensional hydrodynamic interactions of wave-current flow with a square cylinder. Utilizing the open-source computational fluid dynamics modeling tool, the study considers variations in the Keulegan–Carpenter (KC) number, wave-current parameter (Ucw=Uc/Um) (Uc and Um are the maximum velocities of current and waves), and blockage ratio (D/Ly) (D and Ly is the one side of the pier and width of the domain, respectively). The CFD model employs the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with the k−ω turbulence model and the level-set method to simulate the complex movement of the free surface. Validated against existing experimental data, the model is then used to analyze the influence of blockage ratios, KC numbers, and combined wave-current effects on hydrodynamic characteristics. Key findings include an increasing drag coefficient (CD) trend with higher blockage ratios. At the same time, under constant KC numbers, an increase in the current velocity (Ucw) results in higher CD. Conversely, CD decreases with an increase in KC number under fixed blockage ratio conditions. The coefficient of inertia (CM) consistently rises with blockage ratios for a fixed KC number, and an increase in KC number corresponds to higher values of CM. However, an increase in Ucw, with a constant blockage ratio and KC number, decreases CM. The study also highlights that increasing blockage ratios shift the skewness of combined wave-current forces in a more positive direction, and kurtosis indicates a transition from a low-tailed to a high-tailed distribution. This study also offers insightful information on the Q-criteria and vorticity contours.