bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Next‐Generation Isoprene Measurements From Space: Detecting Daily Variability at High Resolution
Authors: Wells K. C. , Millet D. B. , Payne V. H. , Vigouroux C. , Aquino C. A. B. , De Mazière M. , de Gouw J. A. , Graus M. , Kurosu T. , Warneke C. , Wisthaler A.
Published: February 2022

Isoprene is the dominant nonmethane organic compound emitted to the atmosphere, where it drives ozone and aerosol production, modulates atmospheric oxidation, and interacts with the global nitrogen cycle. Isoprene emissions are highly variable and uncertain, as is the nonlinear chemistry coupling isoprene and its primary sink, the hydroxyl radical. Space‐based isoprene measurements can help close the gap on these uncertainties, and when combined with concurrent formaldehyde data provide a new constraint on atmospheric oxidation regimes. Here, we present a next‐generation machine‐learning isoprene retrieval for the Cross‐track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) that provides improved sensitivity, lower noise, and thus higher space‐time resolution than earlier approaches. The Retrieval of Organics from CrIS Radiances (ROCR) isoprene measurements compare well with previous space‐based retrievals as well as with the first‐ever ground‐based isoprene column measurements, with 20%–50% discrepancies that reflect differing sources of systematic uncertainty. An ensemble of sensitivity tests points to the spectral background and isoprene profile specification as the most relevant uncertainty sources in the ROCR framework. We apply the ROCR isoprene algorithm to the full CrIS record from 2012 to 2020, showing that it can resolve fine‐scale spatial gradients at daily resolution over the world's isoprene hotspots. Results over North America and Amazonia highlight emergent connections between isoprene abundance and daily‐to‐interannual variations in temperature and nitrogen oxides.
Activation of RAS/MAPK pathway confers MCL-1 mediated acquired resistance to BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Zhang Qi , Riley-Gillis Bridget , Han Lina , Jia Yannan , Lodi Alessia , Zhang Haijiao , Ganesan Saravanan , Pan Rongqing , Konoplev Sergej N. , Sweeney Shannon R. , Ryan Jeremy A. , Jitkova Yulia , Dunner Kenneth , Grosskurth Shaun E. , Vijay Priyanka , Ghosh Sujana , Lu Charles , Ma Wencai , Kurtz Stephen , Ruvolo Vivian R. , Ma Helen , Weng Connie C. , Ramage Cassandra L. , Baran Natalia , Shi Ce , Cai Tianyu , Davis Richard Eric , Battula Venkata L. , Mi Yingchang , Wang Jing , DiNardo Courtney D. , Andreeff Michael , Tyner Jeffery W. , Schimmer Aaron , Letai Anthony , Padua Rose Ann , Bueso-Ramos Carlos E. , Tiziani Stefano , Leverson Joel , Popovic Relja , Konopleva Marina
Published: February 2022

Despite high initial response rates, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated with the BCL-2–selective inhibitor venetoclax (VEN) alone or in combinations commonly acquires resistance. We performed gene/protein expression, metabolomic and methylation analyses of isogenic AML cell lines sensitive or resistant to VEN, and identified the activation of RAS/MAPK pathway, leading to increased stability and higher levels of MCL-1 protein, as a major acquired mechanism of VEN resistance. MCL-1 sustained survival and maintained mitochondrial respiration in VEN-RE cells, which had impaired electron transport chain (ETC) complex II activity, and MCL-1 silencing or pharmacologic inhibition restored VEN sensitivity. In support of the importance of RAS/MAPK activation, we found by single-cell DNA sequencing rapid clonal selection of RAS-mutated clones in AML patients treated with VEN-containing regimens. In summary, these findings establish RAS/MAPK/MCL-1 and mitochondrial fitness as key survival mechanisms of VEN-RE AML and provide the rationale for combinatorial strategies effectively targeting these pathways.
Analysis of recent shared ancestry in a familial cohort identifies coding and noncoding autism spectrum disorder variants
Authors: Tuncay Islam Oguz , Parmalee Nancy L. , Khalil Raida , Kaur Kiran , Kumar Ashwani , Jimale Mohamed , Howe Jennifer L. , Goodspeed Kimberly , Evans Patricia , Alzghoul Loai , Xing Chao , Scherer Stephen W. , Chahrour Maria H.
Published: February 2022

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a collection of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by deficits in social communication and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior or interests. ASD is highly heritable, but genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous, reducing the power to identify causative genes. We performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) in an ASD cohort of 68 individuals from 22 families enriched for recent shared ancestry. We identified an average of 3.07 million variants per genome, of which an average of 112,512 were rare. We mapped runs of homozygosity (ROHs) in affected individuals and found an average genomic homozygosity of 9.65%, consistent with expectations for multiple generations of consanguineous unions. We identified potentially pathogenic rare exonic or splice site variants in 12 known (includingKMT2C,SCN1A,SPTBN1,SYNE1,ZNF292) and 12 candidate (includingCHD5,GRB10,PPP1R13B) ASD genes. Furthermore, we annotated noncoding variants in ROHs with brain-specific regulatory elements and identified putative disease-causing variants within brain-specific promoters and enhancers for 5 known ASD and neurodevelopmental disease genes (ACTG1,AUTS2,CTNND2,CNTNAP4,SPTBN4). We also identified copy number variants in two known ASD and neurodevelopmental disease loci in two affected individuals. In total we identified potentially etiological variants in known ASD or neurodevelopmental disease genes for ~61% (14/23) of affected individuals. We combined WGS with homozygosity mapping and regulatory element annotations to identify candidate ASD variants. Our analyses add to the growing number of ASD genes and variants and emphasize the importance of leveraging recent shared ancestry to map disease variants in complex neurodevelopmental disorders.
Diurnal variations in the stratosphere of the ultrahot giant exoplanet WASP-121b
Authors: Mikal-Evans Thomas , Sing David K. , Barstow Joanna K. , Kataria Tiffany , Goyal Jayesh , Lewis Nikole , Taylor Jake , Mayne Nathan J. , Daylan Tansu , Wakeford Hannah R. , Marley Mark S. , Spake Jessica J.
Published: February 2022

The temperature profile of a planetary atmosphere is a key diagnostic of radiative and dynamical processes governing the absorption, redistribution and emission of energy. Observations have revealed dayside stratospheres that either cool1,2or warm3,4with altitude for a small number of gas giant exoplanets, whereas other dayside stratospheres are consistent with constant temperatures5–7. Here we report spectroscopic phase curve measurements for the gas giant WASP-121b (ref.8) that constrain stratospheric temperatures throughout the diurnal cycle. Variations measured for a water vapour spectral feature reveal a temperature profile that transitions from warming with altitude on the dayside hemisphere to cooling with altitude on the nightside hemisphere. The data are well explained by models assuming chemical equilibrium, with water molecules thermally dissociating at low pressures on the dayside and recombining on the nightside9,10. Nightside temperatures are low enough for perovskite (CaTiO3) to condense, which could deplete titanium from the gas phase11,12and explain recent non-detections at the day–night terminator13–16. Nightside temperatures are also consistent with the condensation of refractory species such as magnesium, iron and vanadium. Detections15–18of these metals at the day–night terminator suggest, however, that if they do form nightside clouds, cold trapping does not efficiently remove them from the upper atmosphere. Horizontal winds and vertical mixing could keep these refractory condensates aloft in the upper atmosphere of the nightside hemisphere until they are recirculated to the hotter dayside hemisphere and vaporized.
A large-scale study on research code quality and execution
Authors: Trisovic Ana , Lau Matthew K. , Pasquier Thomas , Crosas Mercè
Published: February 2022

This article presents a study on the quality and execution of research code from publicly-available replication datasets at the Harvard Dataverse repository. Research code is typically created by a group of scientists and published together with academic papers to facilitate research transparency and reproducibility. For this study, we define ten questions to address aspects impacting research reproducibility and reuse. First, we retrieve and analyze more than 2000 replication datasets with over 9000 unique R files published from 2010 to 2020. Second, we execute the code in a clean runtime environment to assess its ease of reuse. Common coding errors were identified, and some of them were solved with automatic code cleaning to aid code execution. We find that 74% of R files failed to complete without error in the initial execution, while 56% failed when code cleaning was applied, showing that many errors can be prevented with good coding practices. We also analyze the replication datasets from journals’ collections and discuss the impact of the journal policy strictness on the code re-execution rate. Finally, based on our results, we propose a set of recommendations for code dissemination aimed at researchers, journals, and repositories.
In vitro and in vivo anti-cancer effects of hibernating common carp (Cyprinus carpio) plasma on metastatic triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Golpich Mojtaba , Amini Elham , Kefayat Amirhosein , Fesharaki Mehrafarin , Moshtaghian Jamal
Published: February 2022

Uncontrollable proliferation is a hallmark of cancer cells. Cell proliferation and migration are significantly depressed during hibernation state. Many studies believe some factors in the plasma of hibernating animals cause these effects. This study aimed to assess the anti-cancer effects of hibernating common carp (Cyprinus carpio) plasma on 4T1 cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The effect of hibernating plasma on cell viability, morphology, migration, apoptosis rate, and cell cycle distribution of 4T1 cells was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Hibernating plasma at a concentration of 16 mg/ml significantly reduced the viability of 4T1 cancer cells, without any toxicity on L929 normal fibroblast cells. It could change the morphology of cancer cells, induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, and inhibited migration. Furthermore, intratumoral injection of hibernating plasma (200 µl, 16 mg/ml) in the tumor-bearing mice caused a significant inhibition of 4T1 breast tumors volume (46.9%) and weight (58.8%) compared with controls. A significant decrease in the number of metastatic colonies at the lungs (80%) and liver (52.8%) of hibernating plasma-treated animals was detected which increased the survival time (21.9%) compared to the control groups. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a considerable reduction in the Ki-67-positive cells in the tumor section of the hibernating plasma-treated animals compared with controls. Taken together, the SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry analysis indicated the alpha-2-macroglobulin level in the hibernating fish plasma was significantly increased. It could exert an anti-cancer effect on breast cancer cells and suggested as a novel cancer treatment strategy.
PLP2-derived peptide Rb4 triggers PARP-1-mediated necrotic death in murine melanoma cells
Authors: Maia Vera S. C. , Berzaghi Rodrigo , Arruda Denise C. , Machado Fabrício C. , Loureiro Leticia L. , Melo Pollyana M. S. , Morais Alice S. , Budu Alexandre , Travassos Luiz R.
Published: February 2022

Malignant melanoma is the main cause of death in patients with skin cancer. Overexpression of Proteolipid protein 2 (PLP2) increased tumor metastasis and the knockdown of PLP2 inhibited the growth and metastasis of melanoma cells. In the present work, we studied the antitumor activity of peptide Rb4 derived from protein PLP2. In vitro, Rb4 induced F-actin polymerization, prevented F-actin depolymerization and increased the ER-derived cytosolic calcium. Such effects were associated with necrosis of murine melanoma B16F10-Nex2 cells and with inhibition of the viability of human cancer cell lines. Loss of plasma membrane integrity, dilation of mitochondria, cytoplasm vacuolation and absence of chromatin condensation characterized tumor cell necrosis. Cleavage of PARP-1 and inhibition of RIP1 expression were also observed. In vivo, peptide Rb4 reduced the lung metastasis of tumor cells and delayed the subcutaneous melanoma growth in a syngeneic model. Rb4 induced the expression of two DAMPs molecules, HMGB1 and calreticulin, in B16F10-Nex2. Our results suggest that peptide Rb4 acts directly on tumor cells inducing the expression of DAMPs, which trigger the immunoprotective effect in vivo against melanoma cells. We suggest that peptide Rb4 is a promising compound to be developed as an anticancer drug.
EML1 is essential for retinal photoreceptor migration and survival
Authors: Poria Deepak , Sun Chi , Santeford Andrea , Kielar Michel , Apte Rajendra S. , Kisselev Oleg G. , Chen Shimming , Kefalov Vladimir J.
Published: February 2022

Calcium regulates the response sensitivity, kinetics and adaptation in photoreceptors. In striped bass cones, this calcium feedback includes direct modulation of the transduction cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels by the calcium-binding protein CNG-modulin. However, the possible role of EML1, the mammalian homolog of CNG-modulin, in modulating phototransduction in mammalian photoreceptors has not been examined. Here, we used mice expressing mutant Eml1 to investigate its role in the development and function of mouse photoreceptors using immunostaining, in-vivo and ex-vivo retinal recordings, and single-cell suction recordings. We found that the mutation of Eml1 causes significant changes in the mouse retinal structure characterized by mislocalization of rods and cones in the inner retina. Consistent with the fraction of mislocalized photoreceptors, rod and cone-driven retina responses were reduced in the mutants. However, the Eml1 mutation had no effect on the dark-adapted responses of rods in the outer nuclear layer. Notably, we observed no changes in the cone sensitivity in the Eml1 mutant animals, either in darkness or during light adaptation, ruling out a role for EML1 in modulating cone CNG channels. Together, our results suggest that EML1 plays an important role in retina development but does not modulate phototransduction in mammalian rods and cones.
A functional screen with metformin identifies microRNAs that regulate metabolism in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Orang Ayla , Ali Saira R. , Petersen Janni , McKinnon Ross A. , Aloia Amanda L. , Michael Michael Z.
Published: February 2022

Metformin inhibits oxidative phosphorylation and can be used to dissect metabolic pathways in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. CRC cell proliferation is inhibited by metformin in a dose dependent manner. MicroRNAs that regulate metabolism could be identified by their ability to alter the effect of metformin on CRC cell proliferation. An unbiased high throughput functional screen of a synthetic micoRNA (miRNA) library was used to identify miRNAs that impact the metformin response in CRC cells. Experimental validation of selected hits identified miRNAs that sensitize CRC cells to metformin through modulation of proliferation, apoptosis, cell-cycle and direct metabolic disruption. Among eight metformin sensitizing miRNAs identified by functional screening, miR-676-3p had both pro-apoptotic and cell cycle arrest activity in combination with metformin, whereas other miRNAs (miR-18b-5p, miR-145-3p miR-376b-5p, and miR-718) resulted primarily in cell cycle arrest when combined with metformin. Investigation of the combined effect of miRNAs and metformin on CRC cell metabolism showed that miR-18b-5p, miR-145-3p, miR-376b-5p, miR-676-3p and miR-718 affected glycolysis only, while miR-1181 only regulated CRC respiration. MicroRNAs can sensitize CRC cells to the anti-proliferative effects of metformin. Identifying relevant miRNA targets may enable the design of innovative therapeutic strategies.
North Equatorial Current and Kuroshio velocity variations affect body length and distribution of the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica in Taiwan and Japan
Authors: Hsiung Kuan-Mei , Kuo Yi-Chun , Lin Yen-Ting , Tseng Yu-Heng , Han Yu-San
Published: February 2022

The larval stage of Japanese eel travels a substantial distance over a long duration through the North Equatorial Current (NEC) and the Kuroshio, and the spawning behavior of mature eels leads to monthly arrival waves in eastern Taiwan between November and February. The total length (TL) of the glass eel relates to its larval duration and age; therefore, the TL can indicate the larval duration. The monthly mean TLs of eels along eastern Taiwan from 2010 to 2021 were used to estimate the batch age, and the recruitment patterns and relative abundances were compared. The TLs of glass eels followed a normal distribution, and the estimated ages were highly correlated with their mean TLs. Early recruit TLs were significantly greater than those of late recruits. The mean tracer drift time was longer in early recruitment months (November–December) than in later dates (February–March). The recruitment lag between Taiwan and Japan was approximately 1–1.5 months, with relative more abundance in Taiwan for the early recruits and in Japan for the late recruits. Speculated cohorts followed the main streams of the NEC and Kuroshio, and the monthly velocity changes of these currents could affect the mean TLs as well as the distribution patterns of Japanese glass eels in Taiwan and Japan.
Isolation and characterization of microorganisms capable of cleaving the ether bond of 2-phenoxyacetophenone
Authors: Oya Saki , Tonegawa Satoshi , Nakagawa Hirari , Habe Hiroshi , Furuya Toshiki
Published: February 2022

Lignin is a heterogeneous aromatic polymer and major component of plant cell walls. The β-O-4 alkyl aryl ether is the most abundant linkage within lignin. Given that lignin is effectively degraded on earth, as yet unknown ether bond–cleaving microorganisms could still exist in nature. In this study, we searched for microorganisms that transform 2-phenoxyacetophenone (2-PAP), a model compound for the β-O-4 linkage in lignin, by monitoring ether bond cleavage. We first isolated microorganisms that grew on medium including humic acid (soil-derived organic compound) as a carbon source. The isolated microorganisms were subsequently subjected to colorimetric assay for 2-PAP ether bond–cleaving activity; cells of the isolated strains were incubated with 2-PAP, and strains producing phenol via ether bond cleavage were selected using phenol-sensitive Gibbs reagent. This screening procedure enabled the isolation of various 2-PAP–transforming microorganisms, including 7 bacteria (genera: Acinetobacter, Cupriavidus, Nocardioides, or Streptomyces) and 1 fungus (genus: Penicillium). To our knowledge, these are the first microorganisms demonstrated to cleave the ether bond of 2-PAP. One Gram-negative bacterium, Acinetobacter sp. TUS-SO1, was characterized in detail. HPLC and GC–MS analyses revealed that strain TUS-SO1 oxidatively and selectively cleaves the ether bond of 2-PAP to produce phenol and benzoate. These results indicate that the transformation mechanism differs from that involved in reductive β-etherase, which has been well studied. Furthermore, strain TUS-SO1 efficiently transformed 2-PAP; glucose-grown TUS-SO1 cells converted 1 mM 2-PAP within only 12 h. These microorganisms might play important roles in the degradation of lignin-related compounds in nature.
Exploring spectroscopic X-ray nano-imaging with Zernike phase contrast enhancement
Authors: Kim Yeseul , Lim Jun
Published: February 2022

Spectroscopic full-field transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM-XANES), which offers electrochemical imaging with a spatial resolution of tens of nanometers, is an extensively used unique technique in battery research. However, absorption-based bright-field imaging has poor detection sensitivity for nanoscale applications. Here, to improve the sensitivity, we explored spectroscopic X-ray nano imaging with Zernike phase contrast (ZPC-XANES). A pinhole-type Zernike phase plate, which was optimized for high-contrast images with minimal artifacts, was used in this study. When the absorption is weak, the Zernike phase contrast improves the signal-to-noise ratio and the contrast of images at all energies, which induces the enhancement of the absorption edge step. We estimated that the absorption of the samples should be higher than 2.2% for reliable spectroscopic nano-imaging based on XANES spectroscopy analysis of a custom-made copper wedge sample. We also determined that there is a slight absorption peak shift and sharpening in a small absorption sample due to the inflection point of the refractive index at the absorption edge. Nevertheless, in the case of sub-micron sized cathode materials, we believe that better contrast and higher resolution spectroscopic images can be obtained using ZPC-XANES.
Transcriptomes of electrophysiologically recorded Dbx1-derived respiratory neurons of the preBötzinger complex in neonatal mice
Authors: Kallurkar Prajkta S. , Picardo Maria Cristina D. , Sugimura Yae K. , Saha Margaret S. , Conradi Smith Gregory D. , Del Negro Christopher A.
Published: February 2022

Breathing depends on interneurons in the preBötzinger complex (preBötC) derived from Dbx1-expressing precursors. Here we investigate whether rhythm- and pattern-generating functions reside in discrete classes of Dbx1 preBötC neurons. In a slice model of breathing with ~ 5 s cycle period, putatively rhythmogenic Type-1 Dbx1 preBötC neurons activate 100–300 ms prior to Type-2 neurons, putatively specialized for output pattern, and 300–500 ms prior to the inspiratory motor output. We sequenced Type-1 and Type-2 transcriptomes and identified differential expression of 123 genes including ionotropic receptors (Gria3, Gabra1) that may explain their preinspiratory activation profiles and Ca2+ signaling (Cracr2a, Sgk1) involved in inspiratory and sigh bursts. Surprisingly, neuropeptide receptors that influence breathing (e.g., µ-opioid and bombesin-like peptide receptors) were only sparsely expressed, which suggests that cognate peptides and opioid drugs exert their profound effects on a small fraction of the preBötC core. These data in the public domain help explain the neural origins of breathing.
Predictors of cardiopulmonary fitness in cancer-affected and -unaffected women with a pathogenic germline variant in the genes BRCA1/2 (LIBRE-1)
Authors: Berling-Ernst A. , Yahiaoui-Doktor M. , Kiechle M. , Engel C. , Lammert J. , Grill S. , Dukatz R. , Rhiem K. , Baumann F. T. , Bischoff S. C. , Erickson N. , Schmidt T. , Niederberger U. , Siniatchkin M. , Halle M.
Published: February 2022

Physical activity (PA) helps prevention and aftercare of sporadic breast cancer (BC), cardiopulmonary fitness (CPF) being an age-independent predictor of tumor-specific mortality. Therefore, we wanted to identify predictors of CPF (represented by peak oxygen uptake: VO2peak) in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers whose risk of developing BC is high. We used cross-sectional data from 68 BRCA1/2 germline mutation carrying women participating in the randomized, prospective, controlled clinical study LIBRE-1. Assessments included cardiopulmonary exercise testing, medical and lifestyle history plus socioeconomic status. Additionally, the participants completed a psychological questionnaire regarding their attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior control and intention towards PA. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify predictors for participants reaching their age- and sex-adjusted VO2peak reference values. 22 participants (median age: 40 years, interquartile range (IQR) 33–46) were cancer-unaffected and 46 cancer-affected (median age: 44 years, IQR 35–50). The strongest predictor for reaching the reference VO2peak value was attitude towards PA (Odds Ratio 3.0; 95% Confidence Interval 1.3–8.4; p = 0.021). None of the other predictors showed a significant association. A positive attitude towards PA seems to be associated with VO2peak, which should be considered in developing therapeutic and preventive strategies.

Trial registrations: NCT02087592; DRKS00005736.
Feasibility study using multifocal Doppler twinkling artifacts to detect suspicious microcalcifications in ex vivo specimens of breast cancer on US
Authors: Park Vivian Youngjean , Kang Jinbum , Han Kanghee , Song Ilseob , Kim Kang-Sik , Nam Se Jin , Kim Ga Ram , Yoon Jung Hyun , Jang Won Seuk , Yoo Yangmo , Kim Min Jung
Published: February 2022

Multifocal Doppler twinkling artifact (MDTA) imaging has shown high detection rates of microcalcifications in phantom studies. We aimed to evaluate its performance in detecting suspicious microcalcifications in comparison with mammography by using ex vivo breast cancer specimens. We prospectively included ten women with breast cancer that presented with calcifications on mammography. Both digital specimen mammography and MDTA imaging were performed for ex vivo breast cancer specimens on the day of surgery. Five breast radiologists marked cells that included suspicious microcalcifications (referred to as ‘positive cell’) on specimen mammographic images using a grid of 5-mm cells. Cells that were marked by at least three readers were considered as ‘consensus-positive’. Matched color Doppler twinkling artifact (CDTA) signals were compared between reconstructed US-MDTA projection images and mammographic images. The median detection rate for each case was 74.7% for positive cells and 96.7% for consensus-positive cells. Of the 10 cases, 90% showed a detection rate of ≥ 80%, with 50% of cases showing a 100% detection rate for consensus-positive cells. The proposed MDTA imaging method showed high performance for detecting suspicious microcalcifications in ex vivo breast cancer specimens, and may be a feasible approach for detecting suspicious breast microcalcifications with US.
InCASEOf scoring system for distinction between pachychoroid-associated macular neovascularization and neovascular age-related macular degeneration in patients older than 50 years
Authors: Cozzupoli Grazia M. , Borrelli Enrico , Capuano Vittorio , Sacconi Riccardo , Astroz Polina , Battista Marco , Bandello Francesco , Souied Eric , Querques Giuseppe
Published: February 2022

To develop a novel scoring system aiming at guiding the differential diagnosis between macular neovascularization secondary to pachychoroid disease (pMNV) and neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in patients aged 50 years and older. In this retrospective study performed at University Vita-Salute San Raffaele (Milan, Italy) and Créteil University Eye Clinic (Créteil, France), we enrolled patients 50 years of age and older, visited between January 2017 and January 2019, who were diagnosed with either treatment-naïve pMNV or neovascular AMD. At the time of diagnosis, all patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic evaluation, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, and optical coherence tomography angiography. Univariate comparison between pMNV and neovascular AMD groups was performed to identify the main clinical predictors for pMNV. The selected predictors were taken into a binomial logistic regression and eventually served as the basis for the development of InCASEOf scoring system. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to study the model performance. Forty-eight right eyes from 48 patients with pMNV and 39 right eyes from 39 patients with neovascular AMD were considered in this study. Age (+ 2 points), sex (+ 2 points), choroidal thickness (+ 2 points), early pachyvessels (+ 2 points), and evidence of MNV at OCTA (+ 3 points) turned out to be predictors for pMNV. Four additional factors significant at univariate analysis were considered: type 2 and type 3 MNVs and presence of intraretinal fluid (− 0.5 points each), and presence of subretinal fluid (+ 0.5 points). InCASEOf scoring system was built with a high score of 11.5 points. The cutoff value of 6.5 showed good accuracy in separating pMNVs from neovascular AMDs. InCASEOf is a straightforward clinical scoring system, accessible to comprehensive ophthalmologists, with the purpose of enabling easy distinction and expert-like diagnosis of pMNV and neovascular AMD in patients aged 50 years or older.
Combination predicting model of traffic congestion index in weekdays based on LightGBM-GRU
Authors: Cheng Wei , Li Jiang-lin , Xiao Hai-Cheng , Ji Li-na
Published: February 2022

Tree-based and deep learning methods can automatically generate useful features. Not only can it enhance the original feature representation, but it can also learn to generate new features. This paper develops a strategy based on Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM or LGB) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) to generate features to improve the expression ability of limited features. Moreover, a SARIMA-GRU prediction model considering the weekly periodicity is introduced. First, LightGBM is used to learn features and enhance the original features representation; secondly, GRU neural network is used to generate features; finally, the result ensemble is used as the input for prediction. Moreover, the SARIMA-GRU model is constructed for predicting. The GRU prediction consequences are revised by the SARIMA model that a better prediction can be obtained. The experiment was carried out with the data collected by Ride-hailing in Chengdu, and four predicted indicators and two performance indexes are utilized to evaluate the model. The results validate that the model proposed has significant improvements in the accuracy and performance of each component.
Degradation of 2,6-dicholorophenol by Trichoderma longibraciatum Isolated from an industrial Soil Sample in Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alabdalall Amira H. , Aldakheel Fatimah A. , Ababutain Ibtisam M. , Chakroun Hanen , Alghamdi Azzah I. , Hammami Ines , Al Dosary Sahar K. , Youssef Tamer E. , Albarrag Ahmed M. , Aldakeel Sumayh A. , Aldughaish Rawan , Al Qurin Nada , ElKomy Hesham M.
Published: February 2022

2,6-Dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP) is an aromatic compound with industrial importance in making insecticides, herbicides, and other organic compounds. However, it poses serious health and ecological problems. Microbial degradation of 2,6-DCP has been widely applied due to its effectiveness and eco-friendly characteristics. In this study, Trichoderma longibraciatum was isolated from an industrial soil sample in Dammam, Saudi Arabia using the enrichment method of mineral salt's medium (MSM) amended with 2,6-DCP. Morphological and molecular identification (using the internal transcribed spacer rRNA gene sequencing) of the 2,6-DCP tolerating fungal isolate were charactraized. The fungal isolate has demonstrated a tolerance to 2,6-DCP up to 300 mg/L. Mycelial growth and fungal sporulation were reduced with increasing 2,6-DCP concentrations up to 96 h incubation period. However, after 168 h incubation period, the fungal isolate recorded maximum growth at all the tested 2,6-DCP concentrations up to 150 mg/L. Carboxy methyl cellulase production by tested fungus was decreased by increasing 2,6-DCP concentration up to 75 mg/L. The biodegradation pattern of 2,6-DCP in GM liquid medium using GC–mass analysis as well as the degradation pathway was presented. This study provides a promising fungal isolate that could be used in the bioremediation process for chlorinated phenols in soil.
Conditional generative adversarial networks applied to EEG data can inform about the inter-relation of antagonistic behaviors on a neural level
Authors: Vahid Amirali , Mückschel Moritz , Stober Sebastian , Stock Ann-Kathrin , Beste Christian
Published: February 2022

Goal-directed actions frequently require a balance between antagonistic processes (e.g., executing and inhibiting a response), often showing an interdependency concerning what constitutes goal-directed behavior. While an inter-dependency of antagonistic actions is well described at a behavioral level, a possible inter-dependency of underlying processes at a neuronal level is still enigmatic. However, if there is an interdependency, it should be possible to predict the neurophysiological processes underlying inhibitory control based on the neural processes underlying speeded automatic responses. Based on that rationale, we applied artificial intelligence and source localization methods to human EEG recordings from N = 255 participants undergoing a response inhibition experiment (Go/Nogo task). We show that the amplitude and timing of scalp potentials and their functional neuroanatomical sources during inhibitory control can be inferred by conditional generative adversarial networks (cGANs) using neurophysiological data recorded during response execution. We provide insights into possible limitations in the use of cGANs to delineate the interdependency of antagonistic actions on a neurophysiological level. Nevertheless, artificial intelligence methods can provide information about interdependencies between opposing cognitive processes on a neurophysiological level with relevance for cognitive theory.
Visible wavelength spectral tuning of absorption and circular dichroism of DNA-assembled Au/Ag core–shell nanorod assemblies
Authors: Dass Mihir , Kuen Lilli , Posnjak Gregor , Burger Sven , Liedl Tim
Published: February 2022

Plasmonic nanoparticles with Ag shells have unique properties which can be harnessed to manipulate light at the nanoscale.
H2physisorption on covalent organic framework linkers and metalated linkers: a strategy to enhance binding strength
Authors: Sinha Nilima , Pakhira Srimanta
Published: February 2022

Hydrogen (H2) is deemed as an attractive energy carrier alternative to fossil fuels, and it is required to be stored for many applications.
Microtubule-inspired functionalization of carbon nanotubes: a biomimetic carrier design
Authors: de Almeida Barcelos Karina , Alisaraie Laleh
Published: February 2022

A strategy is proposed for the non-covalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes based on biomimicry of the cytoskeletal protein, microtubule.
Hierarchical MoxC@NC hollow microsphere with incorporated Mo vacancies as multifunctional confined reactors for high-loading Li–S batteries
Authors: Wang Peng , Song Yunhe , Xu Zhenming , Li Na , Sun Jinfeng , Hong Bo , Lai Yanqing
Published: February 2022

Illustration of the fabrication process of 77S/MoxC@NC.
Visible-light enabled photochemical reduction of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds by Hünig's base
Authors: Zhu Yao , Huang Hai-Yang , He Yong-Qin , Wang Mei , Wang Xiao-Yu , Song Xian-Rong , Mao Zhi-Jie , Tian Wan-Fa , Xiao Qiang
Published: February 2022

A visible-light enabled, chemoselective photoreduction of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds by using Hünig's base as reductant is reported.
Thermal plasma gasification of organic waste stream coupled with CO2-sorption enhanced reforming employing different sorbents for enhanced hydrogen production
Authors: Sikarwar Vineet Singh , Peela Nageswara Rao , Vuppaladadiyam Arun Krishna , Ferreira Newton Libanio , Mašláni Alan , Tomar Ritik , Pohořelý Michael , Meers Erik , Jeremiáš Michal
Published: February 2022

Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage can be an influential technological route to curb climate change to a significant extent by preventing CO2 discharge.
Facile synthesis of nanostructured perovskites by precursor accumulation on nanocarbons
Authors: Higuchi Mai , Yaguchi Mizuri , Yoshida-Hirahara Miru , Ogihara Hitoshi , Kurokawa Hideki
Published: February 2022

Various nano-perovskites are synthesized by dropping a precursor solution of metal salts into nanocarbon, followed by drying and calcination in air. The accumulation of precursors on the surface of nanocarbon is the key step.
Advances in pretreatment and analysis methods of aromatic hydrocarbons in soil
Authors: Song Na , Tian Yonghui , Luo Zewei , Dai Jianxiong , Liu Yan , Duan Yixiang
Published: February 2022

The review provided basic methodological knowledge needed for the accurate quantitation of BTEX and PAHs samples in soil. The basics for each pretreatment and analysis techniques were described.
General strategies to improve thermoelectric performance with an emphasis on tin and germanium chalcogenides as thermoelectric materials
Authors: Rakshit Medha , Jana Debnarayan , Banerjee Dipali
Published: February 2022

Figure of merit, and strategies to improve it in materials.
Nonlinear optical properties of PtTe2 based saturable absorbers for ultrafast photonics
Authors: He Junshan , Lu Haiming , Tao Lili , Zhao Yu , Zheng Zhaoqiang , Zhou Bo
Published: February 2022

Different forms of saturable absorbers based on PtTe2 nanosheets were applied in Er-doped fiber lasers for Q-switched and mode-locked pulse generation.
Ameloblastomas vs recurrent ameloblastomas: a systematic review
Authors: Ajila Vidya , Hegde Shruthi
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Ameloblastoma is an odontogenic tumour with high recurrence rate. The objective of the present study was to evaluate existing literature regarding clinical, radiographic, histopathologic features, treatment, and recurrence rate of ameloblastomas and compare it with features of recurrent ameloblastomas. Materials and methods: A systematic review was done based on the PRISMA statement. Search was performed in “Pubmed” database with search terminology “recurrent ameloblastoma”, “ameloblastoma recurrence” for articles published between 2010 and 2020. Data were extracted from full‐text articles and discussed. Results: Out of 515 articles, 16 articles fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was analysed in two sections. The first with 10 publications assessed features of ameloblastoma in general and their recurrence rate while the second section evaluated features of only recurrent ameloblastomas in 6 publications. There were 234 recurrences in 936 cases with recurrence rate of 23.50%. Male predominance was noted and mandible was commonly affected. Solid/multicystic ameloblastomas formed 74.5% of the tumours and unicystic formed 23.3%. The recurrence rate after conservative treatment was 64.9% and after radical treatment was 12%. Conclusions: The main factors for recurrence were multilocular ameloblastomas, follicular histopathology and conservative treatment.
Pneumothorax
Authors: Eggeling Stephan
Published: February 2022

Als Pneumothorax bezeichnet man das Vorhandensein von freier Luft zwischen der Pleura visceralis und der Pleura parietalis. Es kommt zu einer „Ablösung“ der Lunge von der Brustwand, welche
in Abhängigkeit von dem Ausmaß des Pneumothorax zu einer geringen oder auch klinisch bedrohlichen Einschränkung der Lungenfunktion führt. Unspezifische Zeichen wie thorakaler Schmerz oder
Hustenreiz sind häufig und korrelieren nicht mit der Ausdehnung des Pneumothorax. Nahezu ausnahmslos besteht die Ursache dieser Luftansammlung in einer Undichtigkeit der Lungenoberfläche,
welche dann zu dem Ausweichen der Luft in den Pleuraraum führt. Je nach Ursache der „Lungenundichtigkeit“ unterscheidet man einen primären (idiopathischen) Spontanpneumothorax (PSP), bei
zugrundliegender bekannter Lungenerkrankung einen sekundären Spontanpneumothorax (SSP), im Zusammenhang einer Lungenverletzung durch medizinische Maßnahmen einen iatrogenen Pneumothorax
sowie bei einem unfallbedingten Lungenriss einen traumatischen Pneumothorax. Die relevanten Therapieziele sind die Behebung der akuten Symptomatik, die verlässliche Erreichung einer
Wiederausdehnung der Lunge sowie nach entsprechender Aufklärung über die Wahrscheinlichkeit und klinische Bedeutung eines Pneumothoraxrezidives je nach Patientenwunsch die Vermeidung eines
Rezidives durch operative Maßnahmen. Die Therapiemöglichkeiten reichen hier von einem lediglich befundkontrollierenden abwartenden ambulanten Prozedere bis hin zu einer primären
videoassistierten thorakoskopischen operativen Therapie mit Detektion und Resektion der oberflächlichen Lungenläsion sowie einer die Pleurahöhle obliterierenden Maßnahme zur
Rezidivprophylaxe. Bezüglich einer „Nachsorge“ oder gar Verhaltensempfehlungen nach stattgehabtem Pneumothorax gibt es keine Empfehlungen, die die Rezidivgefahr verringern.
Osteoporose-Therapie: Compliance und Adhärenz in COVID-19
Zeiten
Authors: Thomasius Friederike
Published: February 2022

Zu Beginn der COVID-19-Pandemie gab es keine Vorgaben von Fachgesellschaften oder
Leitlinien hinsichtlich der Versorgung von Osteoporosepatient*innen. Die
fortgesetzte Versorgung und die Behandlung beruhten auf lokalen
Ad-hoc-Strategien. Inwiefern dies zu einer Verschlechterung der Versorgung von
Osteoporosepatienten geführt hat, ist 18 Monate nach Ausbruch der
Pandemie Thema aufkommender Publikationen. Dieser Artikel konzentriert sich auf
das Thema Compliance und Adhärenz in der Osteoporosetherapie zu COVID-19
Zeiten mit den Fragen: Hat die COVID-19 Pandemie Einfluss genommen auf Patienten
Compliance und Adhärenz? Welche Maßnahmen wurden ergriffen, die
Versorgung von Patienten aufrecht zu erhalten und somit die Compliance zu
beeinflussen? Welche Lehren sind für die Zukunft zu ziehen?
Der diagnostische Stellenwert der Isocitrat-Dehydrogenase-Mutationen beim
Chondrosarkom
Authors: Juratli Tareq A.
Published: February 2022

Im Jahre 2008 wurden erstmalig durch Parsons et al. bei einer kleinen Gruppe von
jungen Gliompatienten somatische Mutationen in dem Gen für das Enzym
Isocitrat-Dehydrogenase IDH1 (Chromosom 2q33) entdeckt 1. Wenig später folgte der Nachweis der IDH1-Mutation bei
dem zentralen Chondrosarkom durch Amary und Kollegen 2.
Importance of Nonhuman Primates as a Model System for Gene Therapy Development in Ophthalmology
Authors: Wozar Fabian , Seitz Immanuel , Reichel Felix , Fischer M. Dominik
Published: February 2022

Gene therapy is a treatment concept that uses, in most cases, viral vectors to deliver a therapeutic transgene to target cells. Although the idea of gene therapy dates back over 50 years
ago, due to the complexity of the treatment concept, it took until the last decade for the responsible agencies like FDA and EMA to recommend the first gene therapy products for clinical
use. The development of these therapies relies on molecular engineering of specifically designed vectors and models to test the effectiveness and safety of the treatment. Despite an
increasing effort to find effective surrogates, animal models are still irreplaceable in gene therapy development. Rodents are important for exploring pathways and disease mechanisms and
identifying potential treatment targets. However, only the primate eye resembles the human eye to a degree where most structures are nearly identical. Some research questions can therefore
only be answered using a nonhuman primate (NHP) model. In this review, we want to summarize these key features and highlight the importance of the NHP model for gene therapy development in
ophthalmology.
Quark matter properties and fluctuations of conserved charges in (2+1)-flavored quark model *
Authors: Chahal Nisha , Dutt Suneel , Kumar Arvind
Published: February 2022

In this study, the susceptibilities of conserved charges, baryon number, charge number, and strangeness number at zero and low values of chemical potential are presented. Taylor series expansion was used to obtain results for the three-flavor Polyakov quark meson (PQM) model and the Polyakov loop extended chiral quark mean-field (PCQMF) model. Mean-field approximation was used to study quark matter with the inclusion of the isospin chemical potential, as well as the vector interactions. The effects of isospin chemical potential and vector-interactions on phase diagrams were analyzed. A comparative analysis of the two models was completed. Fluctuations of the conserved charges were enhanced in the transition temperature regime and hence provided information about the critical end point (CEP). Susceptibilities of conserved quantities were calculated by using the Taylor series method. Enhancement of fluctuations in the transition temperature neighborhood provided a clear signature of a quantum chromodynamics (QCD) critical-point.
Dark matter from a complex scalar singlet and the role of dark CP
Authors: Faubel Carlos , Coito Leonardo , Herrero-García Juan , Santamaria Arcadi
Published: February 2022

A complex scalar singlet could provide a pseudo-scalar dark matter candidate, whose stability is guaranteed by a discrete symmetry: dark CP. The scalar singlet is also charged under a global U(1) symmetry, which is broken both explicitly and spontaneously. We analyze the phenomenology of different models with just one explicit symmetry breaking term and we also consider the case with more than one symmetry breaking term. Finally, we discuss the possibility that the explicit symmetry breaking term is much smaller than the symmetry breaking scale, leading to a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson as a DM candidate.2
Machine-learning techniques applied to three-year exposure of ANAIS–112
Authors: Coarasa I , Apilluelo J , Amaré J , Cebrián S , Cintas D , García E , Martínez M , Oliván M A , Ortigoza Y , de Solórzano A Ortiz , Puimedón J , Salinas A , Sarsa M L , Villar P
Published: February 2022

ANAIS is a direct dark matter detection experiment aiming at the confirmation or refutation of the DAMA/LIBRA positive annual modulation signal in the low energy detection rate, using the same target and technique. ANAIS–112, located at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory in Spain, is operating an array of 3×3 ultrapure NaI(Tl) crystals with a total mass of 112.5 kg since August 2017. The trigger rate in the region of interest (1-6 keV) is dominated by non-bulk scintillation events. In order to discriminate these noise events from bulk scintillation events, robust filtering protocols have been developed. Although this filtering procedure works very well above 2 keV, the measured rate from 1 to 2 keV is about 50% higher than expected according to our background model, and we cannot discard non-bulk scintillation events as responsible of that excess. In order to improve the rejection of noise events, a Boosted Decision Tree has been developed and applied. With this new PMT-related noise rejection algorithm, the ANAIS–112 background between 1 and 2 keV is reduced by almost 30%, leading to an increase in sensitivity to the annual modulation signal. The reanalysis of the three years of ANAIS–112 data with this technique is also presented.
Implications of non-galactic dark matter for sub-GeV direct detection searches
Authors: Herrera Gonzalo , Ibarra Alejandro
Published: February 2022

A fraction of the dark matter in the solar neighborhood might be composed of non-galactic particles with speeds larger than the escape velocity of the Milky Way. The non-galactic dark matter flux would enhance the sensitivity of direct detection experiments, due to the larger momentum transfer to the target. In this contribution, we first summarize our current knowledge of the dark matter distribution outside the Milky Way, we then review the modelling of the non-galactic dark matter flux at the Solar System, and we finally assess its impact on sub-GeV direct detection experiments searching for both nuclear and electron recoils.
Perspectives for anti deuteron search in cosmic rays with an helium calorimeter
Authors: Nozzoli Francesco , Iuppa Roberto , Ricci Ester , Zuccon Paolo
Published: February 2022

The observation of sub-GeV antideuteron in the cosmic ray flux could be a very strong signature of dark matter annihilation in our galaxy. The goal of the Anti Deuteron Helium Detector (ADHD) project is to study the signatures offered by an high pressure Helium calorimeter for the identification of antideuterons in space. The performance of an high pressure (200 bar) Helium scintillator prototype, capable of fast timing, will be shown.