bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phylogeography of the sergeantsAbudefduf sexfasciatusandA. vaigiensisreveals complex introgression patterns between two widespread and sympatric Indo‐West Pacific reef fishes
Authors: Bertrand Joris A.M. , Borsa Philippe , Chen Wei‐Jen
Published: February 2017

On evolutionary timescales, sea level oscillations lead to recurrent spatio‐temporal variation in species distribution and population connectivity. In this situation, applying classical concepts of biogeography is challenging yet necessary to understand the mechanisms underlying biodiversity in highly diverse marine ecosystems such as coral reefs. We aimed at studying the outcomes of such complex biogeographic dynamics on reproductive isolation by sampling populations across a wide spatial range of a species‐rich fish genus: the sergeants (Pomacentridae:Abudefduf). We generated a mutlilocus data set that included ten morpho‐species from 32 Indo‐West Pacific localities. We observed a pattern of mito‐nuclear discordance in two common and widely distributed species:Abudefduf sexfasciatusandAbudefduf vaigiensis. The results showed three regional sublineages (Indian Ocean, Coral Triangle region, western Pacific) inA. sexfasciatus(0.6–1.5% divergence at cytb). The other species,A. vaigiensis,is polyphyletic and consists of three distinct genetic lineages (A, B and C) (9% divergence at cytb) whose geographic ranges overlap. AlthoughA. vaigiensisA andA. sexfasciatuswere found to be distinct based on nuclear information,A. vaigiensisA was found to be nested withinA. sexfasciatusin the mitochondrial gene tree.A. sexfasciatusfrom the Coral Triangle region andA. vaigiensisA were not differentiated from each other at the mitochondrial locus. We then used coalescent‐based simulation to characterize a spatially widespread but weak gene flow between the two species. We showed that these fishes are good candidates to investigate the evolutionary complexity of the discrepancies between phenotypic and genetic similarity in closely related species.
The genomic basis of eco‐evolutionary dynamics
Authors: Rodríguez‐Verdugo Alejandra , Buckley James , Stapley Jessica
Published: February 2017

Recent recognition that ecological and evolutionary processes can operate on similar timescales has led to a rapid increase in theoretical and empirical studies on eco‐evolutionary dynamics. Progress in the fields of evolutionary biology, genomics and ecology is greatly enhancing our understanding of rapid adaptive processes, the predictability of adaptation and the genetics of ecologically important traits. However, progress in these fields has proceeded largely independently of one another. In an attempt to better integrate these fields, the centre for ‘Adaptation to a Changing Environment’ organized a conference entitled ‘The genomic basis of eco‐evolutionary change’ and brought together experts in ecological genomics and eco‐evolutionary dynamics. In this review, we use the work of the invited speakers to summarize eco‐evolutionary dynamics and discuss how they are relevant for understanding and predicting responses to contemporary environmental change. Then, we show how recent advances in genomics are contributing to our understanding of eco‐evolutionary dynamics. Finally, we highlight the gaps in our understanding of eco‐evolutionary dynamics and recommend future avenues of research in eco‐evolutionary dynamics.
Mediguide‐Assisted Transseptal Puncture without Echocardiographic Guidance
Authors: BALLESTEROS GABRIEL , RAMOS ARDANAZ PABLO , NEGLIA RENZO , PALACIO SOLÍS MARCEL , DÍAZ FERNÁNDEZ CRISTINA , LÓPEZ GONZÁLEZ GRACIELA , JANIASHVILI ELENE , GARCÍA‐BOLAO IGNACIO
Published: February 2017

Background

First description of a technique for left atrium transseptal puncture (TSP) with minimal radiation exposure by using the nonfluoroscopic MediGuide™ tracking system (MG; St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, MN, USA) without the assistance of intracardiac echocardiography.

Methods

This study included 31 consecutive patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing an MG‐assisted percutaneous catheter ablation procedure. A Brockenbrough transseptal needle (BRK) is connected to a standard pressure transducer through a two‐input valve. Then, an MG‐enabled guidewire is inserted so that its tip exactly matches the BRK's distal tip. After the acquisition of two short radioscopic cine‐loops we are able to trace the needle tip on the MG screen, performing the usual TSP maneuver but without fluoroscopy. Successful left atrium access is confirmed by noticing the change in the pressure curve and by advancing the guidewire into the left pulmonary veins. As a control group, 31 matched patients who underwent atrial fibrillation ablation with fluoroscopically guided, pressure‐monitored TSP were included.

Results

Sixty‐two MG‐assisted TSP attempts were performed; all but two were successfully accomplished without changing to the conventional technique (96.7%). The mean total fluoroscopy time, until the double transseptal access was performed, was 26.65 ± 37.97 seconds in the MG group and 129.13 ± 37.77 seconds in the conventional‐TSP group (P < 0.001). No major complications occurred during any of the procedures.

Conclusion

This new technique for TSP using MG is feasible and can be performed with minimal radiation exposure without the need for additional imaging techniques, achieving a significant reduction of fluoroscopy time.
Aggressive behaviour in adolescence: Links with self‐esteem and parental emotional availability
Authors: Babore Alessandra , Carlucci Leonardo , Cataldi Fedele , Phares Vicky , Trumello Carmen
Published: February 2017

Aggressive behaviours during adolescence may be predictive of later conduct disorders, hence it is important to early detect their signals and deepen the study of their possible risk factors. In order to address these issues, our study pursued two main objectives: to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Italian adaptation of the Aggression Questionnaire Short‐Form (AQ‐SF), a form never previously used among Italian adolescents; and to investigate the relation among aggressiveness, emotional relationship with both parents and self‐esteem in a sample of adolescents. Our results highlighted that psychometric properties of the Italian AQ‐SF are satisfactory and encourage a wider use of this tool; in addition, we found that self‐esteem plays a mediation role between parental emotional availability and aggression. Prevention efforts should focus on improving the relationship with both parents and strengthening adolescent's self‐esteem.
Torsional Robustness of the Combined Cycle Power Train Arrangement: Application of Statistical Methods to Accelerate Shaft-Line Design Cycles
Authors: Golebiowski Mateusz , Ling John , Knopf Eric , Niedermeyer Andreas
Published: February 2017

This article presents the application of statistical methods to guide the rotordynamic design of a turbogenerator shaft-line. One of the basic requirements is all shaft components must survive the event of a short circuit at the terminals of the generator. This is typically assessed via a transient response simulation of the complete machine train (including generator's electrical model) to check the calculated response torque against the allowable value. With an increasing demand of a shorter design cycle and competition in performance, cost, footprint, and safety, the probabilistic approach is starting to play an important role in the power train design process. The main challenge arises with the size of the design space and complexity of its mapping onto multiple objective functions and criteria which are defined for different machines. In this paper, the authors give an example demonstrating the use of statistical methods to explore (design of experiment (DoE)) and understand (surface response methods) the design space of the combined cycle power train with respect to the typically most severe constraint (fault torque torsional response), which leads to a quicker definition of a turbogenerator's arrangement. Further statistical analyses are carried out to understand the robustness of the chosen design against future modifications as well as parameters' uncertainties.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Reassortant H6N8 Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from Wild Waterfowl in Poyang Lake, China
Authors: Hou Guangyu , Li Jinping , Peng Cheng , Wang Suchun , Chen Jiming , Jiang Wenming
Published: February 2017

Here, we report the complete genome sequence of an H6N8 avian influenza virus (AIV) isolated from wild waterfowl in Poyang Lake, China, in 2016. Phylogenetic analysis showed that it was a novel reassortant AIV between domestic ducks and wild waterfowl. The finding of this study is helpful for our understanding of the ecology and the evolutionary characteristics of H6 subtypes of AIV in birds.
Draft Genome Sequences of Clinical Isolates of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Erickson Keesha E. , Madinger Nancy E. , Chatterjee Anushree
Published: February 2017

We report here the draft genome sequences of two clinically isolated
Acinetobacter baumannii
strains. These samples were obtained from patients at the University of Colorado Hospital in 2007 and 2013 and encode an estimated 20 and 13 resistance genes, respectively.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Tumor-Targeting Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Strain SL7207
Authors: Johnson Síle A. , Ormsby Michael J. , Wall Daniel M.
Published: February 2017

Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium strain SL7207 is a genetically modified derivative of strain SL1344, which preferentially accumulates in tumors and can be used as a vehicle for tissue-specific gene delivery
in vivo
. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of SL7207, confirming a purported
aroA
deletion and four single-nucleotide polymorphisms compared to SL1344.
From Evolutionary Advantage to Disease Agents: Forensic Reevaluation of Host-Microbe Interactions and Pathogenicity
Authors: Rivera-Pérez Jessica I. , González Alfredo A. , Toranzos Gary A.
Published: February 2017

As the “human microbiome era” continues, there is an increasing awareness of our resident microbiota and its indispensable role in our fitness as holobionts. However, the host-microbe relationship is not so clearly defined for some human symbionts. Here we discuss examples of “accidental pathogens,” meaning previously nonpathogenic and/or environmental microbes thought to have inadvertently experienced an evolutionary shift toward pathogenicity. For instance, symbionts such asHelicobacter pyloriand JC polyomavirus have been shown to have accompanied humans since prehistoric times and are still abundant in extant populations as part of the microbiome. And yet, the relationship between a subgroup of these microbes and their human hosts seems to have changed with time, and they have recently gained notoriety as gastrointestinal and neuropathogens, respectively. On the other hand, environmental microbes such asLegionellaspp. have recently experienced a shift in host range and are now a major problem in industrialized countries as a result of artificial ecosystems. Other variables involved in this accidental phenomenon could be the apparent change or reduction in the diversity of human-associated microbiota because of modern medicine and lifestyles. All of this could result in an increased prevalence of accidental pathogens in the form of emerging pathogens.
Parental engagement and early interactions with preterm infants during the stay in the neonatal intensive care unit: protocol of a mixed-method and longitudinal study
Authors: Stefana Alberto , Lavelli Manuela
Published: February 2017

Introduction

The preterm infants' developmental outcomes depend on biological and environmental risk factors. The environmental factors include prolonged parental separation, less exposure to early mother/father–infant interactions and the parents' ability to respond to the trauma of premature birth. In the case of premature birth, the father's ability to take an active part in the care of the infant from the start is essential. The parents' emotional closeness to the preterm infant hospitalised in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) may be crucial to the well-being of the newborn, the development of mutual regulation, the establishment of a functioning parent–infant affective relationship and the parents' confidence in their ability to provide care for their baby.

Methods and analysis

This is a mixed-method, observational and longitudinal study. The methodological strategy will include: (1) ethnographic observation in a level III NICU located in Italy for a duration of 18 months; (2) 3-minute video recordings of mother–infant and father–infant interaction in the NICU; (3) a semistructured interview with fathers during the infants' hospital stay; (4) 3-minute video recordings of mother–infant and father–infant face-to-face interaction in the laboratory at 4 months of corrected age; (5) self-report questionnaires for parents on depression and quality of the couple relationship at the approximate times of the video recording sessions.

Ethics and dissemination

The study protocol was approved by the Ethical Committee for Clinical Trials of the Verona and Rovigo Provinces. Results aim to be published in international peer-reviewed journals, and presented at relevant national and international conferences. This research project will develop research relevant to (1) the quality and modalities of maternal and paternal communication with the preterm infant in the NICU; (2) the influence of maternal/paternal social stimulation on the infant behavioural states; (3) the quality and modalities of paternal support to the partner and possible influences on mother–infant relationship.
Effects of ferulic acid on oxidative stress, heat shock protein 70, connexin 43, and monoamines in the hippocampus of pentylenetetrazole-kindled rats
Authors: Hussein Abdelaziz M. , Abbas Khaled M. , Abulseoud Osama A. , El-Hussainy El-Hussainy M.A.
Published: February 2017

The present study investigated the effects of ferulic acid (FA) on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures, oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase, and reduced glutathione (GSH)), connexin (Cx) 43, heat shock protein 70 (Hsp 70), and monoamines (serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE)) levels in a rat model of PTZ-induced kindling. Sixty Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 5 equal groups: (a) normal group; (b) FA group: normal rats received FA at a dose of 40 mg/kg daily; (c) PTZ group: normal rats received PTZ at a dose of 50 mg/kg i.p. on alternate days for 15 days; (d) FA-before group: treatment was the same as for the PTZ group, except rats received FA; and (e) FA-after group: rats received FA from sixth dose of PTZ. PTZ caused a significant increase in MDA, Cx43, and Hsp70 along with a significant decrease in GSH, 5-HT, and NE levels and CAT activity in the hippocampus (p < 0.05). Pre- and post-treatment with FA caused significant improvement in behavioral parameters, MDA, CAT, GSH, 5-HT, NE, Cx43 expression, and Hsp70 expression in the hippocampal region (p < 0.05). We conclude that FA has neuroprotective effects in PTZ-induced epilepsy, which might be due to attenuation of oxidative stress and Cx43 expression and upregulation of neuroprotective Hsp70 and neurotransmitters (5-HT and NE).
ACM UMAP 2017 - User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization
Authors: Bielikova Maria , Herder Eelco , Cena Federica , Desmarais Michel
Published: February 2017

UMAP (User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization) is the premier international conference for researchers and practitioners working on systems that adapt to individual users, to groups of users, and that collect, represent, and model user information. UMAP is the successor to the biennial User Modeling (UM) and Adaptive Hypermedia and Adaptive Web-based Systems (AH) conferences that were merged in 2009. It is sponsored by ACM SIGCHI and SIGWEB, and organized under the auspices of User Modeling Inc. The proceedings are published by ACM and will be part of the ACM Digital Library.
Metformin Accumulation Correlates with Organic Cation Transporter 2 Protein Expression and Predicts Mammary Tumor Regression In Vivo
Authors: Checkley L. Allyson , Rudolph Michael C. , Wellberg Elizabeth A. , Giles Erin D. , Wahdan-Alaswad Reema S. , Houck Julie A. , Edgerton Susan M. , Thor Ann D. , Schedin Pepper , Anderson Steven M. , MacLean Paul S.
Published: February 2017

Several epidemiologic studies have associated metformin treatment with a reduction in breast cancer incidence in prediabetic and type II diabetic populations. Uncertainty exists regarding which patient populations and/or tumor subtypes will benefit from metformin treatment, and most preclinical in vivo studies have given little attention to the cellular pharmacology of intratumoral metformin uptake. Epidemiologic reports consistently link western-style high fat diets (HFD), which drive overweight and obesity, with increased risk of breast cancer. We used a rat model of HFD-induced overweight and mammary carcinogenesis to define intratumoral factors that confer metformin sensitivity. Mammary tumors were initiated with 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea, and rats were randomized into metformin-treated (2 mg/mL drinking water) or control groups (water only) for 8 weeks. Two-thirds of existing mammary tumors responded to metformin treatment with decreased tumor volumes (P < 0.05), reduced proliferative index (P < 0.01), and activated AMPK (P < 0.05). Highly responsive tumors accumulated 3-fold greater metformin amounts (P < 0.05) that were positively correlated with organic cation transporter-2 (OCT2) protein expression (r = 0.57; P = 0.038). Importantly, intratumoral metformin concentration negatively associated with tumor volume (P = 0.03), and each 10 pmol increase in intratumoral metformin predicted >0.11 cm3 reduction in tumor volume. Metformin treatment also decreased proinflammatory arachidonic acid >1.5-fold in responsive tumors (P = 0.023). Collectively, these preclinical data provide evidence for a direct effect of metformin in vivo and suggest that OCT2 expression may predict metformin uptake and tumor response. Cancer Prev Res; 10(3); 198–207. ©2017 AACR.
The health preservation at pathogenic work context: a case study in the still manufacturing
Authors: Batista Matilde Agero , Lima Maria Elizabeth Antunes , Antipoff Renata Bastos Ferreira
Published: February 2017

O artigo pretende fomentar a discussão em torno das relações entre saúde e trabalho, a partir de um diagnóstico sobre as causas de afastamento de trabalhadores de uma empresa do setor siderúrgico de Minas Gerais. Seu objetivo principal foi o de explicitar as estratégias que permitem a alguns trabalhadores preservarem sua saúde, apesar de estarem inseridos em um contexto patogênico de trabalho. A entrevista em profundidade foi o instrumento adotado na coleta de dados. Os resultados apontaram que os trabalhadores que conseguiam manter, ao mesmo tempo seu emprego e sua saúde, construíram, através da experiência profissional acumulada ao longo de sua história laboral, estratégias de enfrentamento da “gestão pelo medo”, adotada pela empresa após sua privatização. Observou-se que eles privilegiam a qualidade ao invés da quantidade, sendo a boa qualidade de seu trabalho uma forma de garantir seus empregos. De modo geral, eles não temem a demissão, o que representou também um importante elemento na preservação da saúde. O artigo conclui, alertando para os riscos de se cometer reducionismos como o de atribuir o adoecimento ou a preservação da saúde às características pessoais do trabalhador. Ele propõe que a organização do trabalho seja percebida como um espaço cujo papel é preponderante nos processos saúde/doença
Percepção do usuário de comunicação suplementar e alternativa e de seus interlocutores sobre o uso dos sistemas gráficos.
Authors: Sant'Anna Maria Madalena Moraes , Deliberato Débora , Rocha Aila Narene Dahwache Criado
Published: February 2017

Sistemas gráficos inseridos nos recursos de Comunicação Suplementar Alternativa (CSA) são ferramentas prioritárias para ampliar as possibilidades de comunicação. Objetivo: Descrever o histórico de uso da CSA de uma usuária, identificando a sua percepção e de seus interlocutores sobre os meios de comunicação utilizados. Procedimentos Metodológicos: Estudo de caso único, realizado por meio da análise dos dados obtidos do histórico da usuária de CSA nas intervenções de terapia ocupacional; duas entrevistas com a usuária e nove entrevistas com seus interlocutores. Resultados: Foram identificadas a importância da CSA para a facilitação da comunicação da usuária; a necessidade de reorganização constante dos símbolos em função da habilidade motora da usuária, bem como a relação entre a comunicação estabelecida e a demanda de suas atividades, sugerindo que a comunicação restrita com os interlocutores relacionar-se-ia com a pouca vivência de atividades sociais. Conclusões: Necessidade de uma reorganização das pranchas, envolvendo maior conteúdo de vocabulário, tornando a comunicação mais rápida; intervenções em sua rotina a fim de ampliar suas relações com seus interlocutores.
A utilização de técnicas de grupo em sala de aula: contribuições para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem na graduação em terapia ocupacional
Authors: Cirineu Cleber Tiago , Fiorati Regina Célia , Assad Francine Baltazar
Published: February 2017

Este artigo é uma reflexão sobre a utilização de grupos em sala de aula e suas contribuições em processo de ensino-aprendizagem na prática profissional, no curso de graduação em Terapia Ocupacional. Emerge da participação e vivência de um terapeuta ocupacional, em estágio supervisionado em docência do Programa de Aperfeiçoamento de Ensino – PAE junto à disciplina RCG3006 ‘Dinâmica e Abordagens Grupais’. O estágio foi realizado no primeiro semestre de 2014 e teve duração de cinco meses, com carga horária total de 120 horas. Durante todo o percurso do estágio, as atividades propostas foram acordadas entre docente/discente/pós-graduando, utilizando como recursos didático-pedagógicos aulas expositivas, leituras em sala de aula, vivências grupais, dinâmicas e jogos teatrais, atividades manuais e expressivas, músicas e simulações grupais. A reflexão pretendida neste estudo permitiu considerar a importância da implementação de estratégias e recursos utilizados no ensino superior, especificamente no ensino da Terapia Ocupacional. As técnicas grupais podem facilitar o aprendizado de temáticas relacionadas às próprias práticas grupais, utilizadas em contextos de atuação do terapeuta ocupacional, e em outras disciplinas e conteúdos abordados em sala de aula, no intuito de oferecer um instrumento de ensino-aprendizagem que permita a vivência dos estudantes frente às relações e interações humanas.
International Administrative Law: the constitution of a concept in the mirror of a changed Statehood
Authors: Schmidt-Aßmann Eberhard
Published: February 2017

Characteristic legal concepts do not only have an ordering function. Behind them, there are conceptions, which at the same time show observation relationships and define research perspectives. This paper seeks to demonstrate these roles in relation to the concept of international administrative Law (Internationalen Verwaltungsrechts), which is discussed here with three variants for the purpose of scientific clarification, once it is relevant to demonstrate the structures that underlie legal concepts and the preconceptions they carry. The conceptual variations analyzed are: international administrative Law as Collision Law (Internationales Verwaltungs­recht als Kollisionsrecht), as global administrative Law and as Action, Determination and Cooperation Law based on international law (im Völkerrecht begründetes Aktions-, Determinations- und Kooperationsrecht)
Beyond clouds and watches: the perception of reality by David Bohm
Authors: Carvalho Rodrigo França
Published: February 2017

Neste artigo, apresentamos e debatemos um aspecto específico da visão científica do físico quântico David Bohm (1917-1992) acerca da realidade. Em nosso debate, pretendemos mostrar que essa visão é alicerçada na transcendência da dicotomia determinismo-indeterminismo. Por meio de algumas de suas teorias, tais como a teoria do plasma, a interpretação ontológica da teoria quântica e o programa científico da totalidade, da ordem implícita e da ordem explícita, procuramos defender a ideia de que a visão de Bohm é que a realidade é um processo situado além das “nuvens e dos relógios”, expressão que tomamos de empréstimo do filósofo da ciência Karl Popper (1902-1994). Dessa forma, tal perspectiva abre espaço para a compreensão de que a criatividade e a liberdade estão no cerne da natureza e da realidade como um todo
The Female Companion in a World of Men: Friendship and Concubinage in Late Eighteenth-century Marwar
Authors: Khanna Priyanka
Published: February 2017

This article maps the journey of the intimate companionship between a concubine and a Rajput ruler—Gulabrai and Vijay Singh, respectively—in the late eighteenth-century kingdom of Marwar in western Rajasthan. Based on hitherto unexamined local evidence, the article explores the ways in which a bond of friendship was constituted and unfolded in the everyday spheres of interaction between the concubine and the ruler. By turning attention to their evident emotions, such as of grief, trust, loyalty and love for each other, and shared partnership in spheres of religion and administration, this article suggests that friendship co-existed and overlapped with other forms of attachments in the overtly hierarchical relationship between the concubinage partners in focus. To emphasize the distinct form of this intimate companionship, the article also takes note of other forms of friendships that were centred on the agency of the concubine in the Rajput polity, and, in this way this article advances on the limited historical knowledge on concubinage in Rajput households and opens the possibility of including cross-sex associations in the discourse on friendship in early modern South Asia.
Mexican World Heritage information on the web
Authors: García-Santiago Lola , Olvera-Lobo María-Dolores
Published: February 2017

This study offers a global overview of the presence and visibility of web information on UNESCO World Heritage located in Mexico, via the analysis of official websites and Web 2.0 information. Cultural heritage is a determining factor in linking people to their history, and contributes to increasing cultural tourism and economic development. The study starts from the hypothesis that the design of these websites has an influence on the dissemination and popularity of the aforementioned heritage. The relationships between the administrative organization of the country and Internet protocols are compared. A webometric study of the official Mexican websites was carried out. An evaluation sheet was designed to allow the assessment of aspects relating to identification, presence, accessibility and content. The multilingual nature of this information and its presence on social networks and Wikipedia was analysed. The analysis of URLs confirms that the domain .mx is used in 84% of cases. The results indicate a noticeable use of Web 2.0 dissemination of the heritage assets on YouTube (51%) and Facebook (40%), followed by 23% on Twitter. The Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) guidelines are not yet frequently applied. Finally, the results obtained make it possible to identify variables that can contribute to improvements in the visibility and dissemination of official web information.
Needs and Achievements of the Juvenile Justice System: Insights From Two Empirical Studies With Portuguese Young Adults
Authors: Basto-Pereira Miguel , Ribeiro Sofia , Maia Ângela
Published: February 2017

Over the last decade, studies have evaluated the effectiveness of interventions for juvenile offenders; nonetheless, those studies were more focused on recidivism than on the mechanisms associated with criminal perpetration. The current study explores the role of juvenile justice involvement and detention measures in a set of psychological, social, and criminal behavior characteristics in early adulthood. Seventy-five young adults with official records of juvenile delinquency in 2010-2011 and 240 young adults from the community filled out our protocol in 2014-2015. Young adults with juvenile justice involvement showed worse psychological, social, and criminal outcomes than those from community. Detention appears to be related to the number of deviant friends, delinquency, and school achievement in early adulthood. Our findings are in line with the labeling and deviant peer contagion theories and establish the main areas of interventions that affect the identified needs. A set of policy implications is provided.
Recursive Easts, Shifting Peripheries
Authors: Ballinger Pamela
Published: February 2017

This article is part of the special section titled Recursive Easts, Shifting Peripheries, guest edited by Pamela Ballinger.

In this brief introduction to the special forum on the topic of “Recursive Easts, Shifting Peripheries: Whither Europe’s ‘Easts’ and ‘Peripheries’?” the author lays out the conceptual framework for the forum’s contributions. The forum takes as its starting point the supposed “obsolescence” of both the notion of Eastern Europe and the scholarship dedicated to this topic, which flourished in the immediate aftermath of the Cold War’s end. The author argues, instead, the continued urgency and value in studying the operation of easternisms and processes of peripheralization within the European context. In particular, the author highlights the recursive nature of easternisms and peripheries.
Evidence of activation of the Nrf2 pathway in multiple sclerosis patients treated with delayed-release dimethyl fumarate in the Phase 3 DEFINE and CONFIRM studies
Authors: Gopal Sreeja , Mikulskis Alvydas , Gold Ralf , Fox Robert J , Dawson Katherine T , Amaravadi Lakshmi
Published: February 2017

Background:

Delayed-release dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an approved oral treatment for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Preclinical studies demonstrated that DMF activated the nuclear factor E2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. DMF and its primary metabolite monomethyl fumarate (MMF) were also shown to promote cytoprotection of cultured central nervous system (CNS) cells via the Nrf2 pathway.

Objective:

To investigate the activation of Nrf2 pathway following ex vivo stimulation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with DMF or MMF, and in DMF-treated patients from two Phase 3 relapsing MS studies DEFINE and CONFIRM.

Methods:

Transcription of Nrf2 target genes NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) and heme-oxygenase-1 (HO1) was measured using Taqman® assays. RNA samples were isolated from ex vivo–stimulated PBMCs and from whole blood samples of 200 patients each from placebo, twice daily (BID) and three times daily (TID) treatments.

Results:

DMF and MMF induced NQO1 and HO1 gene expression in ex vivo–stimulated PBMCs, DMF being the more potent inducer. Induction of NQO1 occurred at lower DMF concentrations compared to that of HO1. In DMF-treated patients, a statistically significant induction of NQO1 was observed relative to baseline and compared to placebo. No statistical significance was reached for HO1 induction.

Conclusion:

These data provide the first evidence of Nrf2 pathway activation from two large pivotal Phase 3 studies of DMF-treated MS patients.
Using distributed optical fibre sensor to enhance structural health monitoring of a pipeline subjected to hydraulic transient excitation
Authors: Wong Leslie , Chiu Wing Kong , Kodikara Jayantha
Published: February 2017

Distributed optical fibre sensors have been applied in monitoring the structural health of water pipelines over the past decades. Most of these studies show that distributed optical fibre sensor is quite effective for static and quasi-static measurements and can be used for monitoring the condition of a pipeline. It is well known that pressure transients (water hammer) can occur in any pressurised pipeline system due to changes in the operating conditions. This article shows the ability of distributed optical fibre sensor to exploit these transient hydraulic pressures along the pipeline for assessing its condition. In this regard, this article aims to demonstrate the concept of utilising this natural stimulus to enhance the pipeline structural health monitoring with the distributed sensing. A total of three experimental case studies (multiple anomalies, material loss and leakage) along plastic pipes will then be reported using a water hammer as a transient excitation for the structural health monitoring applications using distributed optical fibre sensor. The results will show that the presence of a localised damage/anomaly monitored by the distributed optical fibre sensor is accentuated by the dynamic response of the pipe when subjected to water hammer.
Overexpression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 in dorsal root ganglion attenuates cancer-induced pain in rats
Authors: Wei Jinrong , Li Meng , Wang Dieyu , Zhu Hongyan , Kong Xiangpeng , Wang Shusheng , Zhou You-Lang , Ju Zhong , Xu Guang-Yin , Jiang Guo-Qin
Published: February 2017

Background

Cancer-induced pain (CIP) is one of the most severe types of chronic pain with which clinical treatment remains challenging and the involved mechanisms are largely unknown. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) is an important intracellular protein and provides a classical negative feedback loop, thus involving in a wide variety of processes including inflammation and nociception. However, the role of SOCS3 pathway in CIP is poorly understood. The present study was designed to investigate the role of SOCS3 in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in the development of CIP.

Method

CIP was established by injection of Walker 256 mammary gland tumor cells into the rat tibia canal. Whole-cell patch clamping and Western blotting were performed.

Results

Following the development of bone cancer, SOCS3 expression was significantly downregulated in rat DRGs at L2–L5 segments. Overexpression of SOCS3, using lentiviral-mediated production of SOCS3 at spinal cord level, drastically attenuated mechanical allodynia and body weight-bearing difference, but not thermal hyperalgesia in bone cancer rats. In addition, overexpression of SOCS3 reversed the hyperexcitability of DRG neurons innervating the tibia, and reduced abnormal expression of toll-like receptors 4 in the DRGs.

Conclusions

These results suggest that SOCS3 might be a key molecular involved in the development of complicated cancer pain and that overexpression of SOCS3 might be an important strategy for treatment for mechanical allodynia associated with bone cancer.
The chronic myeloid leukemia stem cell: stemming the tide of persistence
Authors: Holyoake Tessa L. , Vetrie David
Published: February 2017

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is caused by the acquisition of the tyrosine kinase BCR-ABL1 in a hemopoietic stem cell, transforming it into a leukemic stem cell (LSC) that self-renews, proliferates, and differentiates to give rise to a myeloproliferative disease. Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that target the kinase activity of BCR-ABL1 have transformed CML from a once-fatal disease to a manageable one for the vast majority of patients, only ∼10% of those who present in chronic phase (CP) can discontinue TKI treatment and maintain a therapy-free remission. Strong evidence now shows that CML LSCs are resistant to the effects of TKIs and persist in all patients on long-term therapy, where they may promote acquired TKI resistance, drive relapse or disease progression, and inevitably represent a bottleneck to cure. Since their discovery in patients almost 2 decades ago, CML LSCs have become a well-recognized exemplar of the cancer stem cell and have been characterized extensively, with the aim of developing new curative therapeutic approaches based on LSC eradication. This review summarizes our current understanding of many of the pathways and mechanisms that promote the survival of the CP CML LSCs and how they can be a source of new gene coding mutations that impact in the clinic. We also review recent preclinical approaches that show promise to eradicate the LSC, and future challenges on the path to cure.
Russian Budget 2017: growth problems and prospects
Authors: Смирнов  , Smirnov E.
Published: February 2017

In the higher echelons of power in Russia, including in the Federal Assembly, it is believed that formed in 2017 budget of the Russian Federation can be a real financial basis for the country’s return to sustainable economic growth in the coming triennium.
feature article: Can catalogues be dangerous? The anti-catalogue of FilmCentrum
Authors: Ramstedt Stefan
Published: February 2017

This article offers a survey of the film distribution of FilmCentrum during the first years of the organization. Like the catalogues of other film cooperatives that were working with distribution, FilmCentrum’s was open, which meant that the organization accepted all submitted films. This openness is discussed at length, both in terms of the discourses around it and the controversies that it aroused, but also as a form of democratization of the film distribution. The notion of the open catalogue is also put into the context of a larger counter-cultural movement and connected to the notion of the anti-catalogue. The film distribution of FilmCentrum is also placed in the context of the history of Swedish cinema.
feature article: Embodying transnational shared space: Pirjo Honkasalo’s The 3 Rooms of Melancholia
Authors: Mrozewicz Anna Estera
Published: February 2017

The article investigates the ways in which Pirjo Honkasalo’s documentary The 3 Rooms of Melancholia (2004), examining the impact of the Russian-Chechen war on children, engenders a transnational audience through cinematic qualities, and most importantly through embodiment, producing a strongly affective resonance in the spectator. I argue that through a strategically affective approach to transnationality, the documentary establishes what I call a transnational shared space, structured by a complex dialectics of sharing and non-sharing. My argument revolves around the concept of cinema as a shared space, referring to films that deliberately ‘surround’ the viewer rather than maintain a distance. As the analysis shows, Honkasalo’s documentary pushes the spectator to reflect critically on transnationality and reconsider mass media-created memory of the military conflict. The article addresses issues underlying the film’s ethical quest, such as whether this shared space involves both western (Catholic) and non-western (Orthodox and Muslim) audiences, and what the limits are of transnationalism in documentary film.
feature article: Women, vulnerability and depression: The cruel optimism of not giving a damn in Good Girl
Authors: Dancus Adriana Margareta
Published: February 2017

The 2000s have witnessed the proliferation of Scandinavian films in which women directors turn the camera towards themselves in projects that combine methods from fiction and documentary filmmaking. An evocative example is Norwegian director Solveig Melkeraaen’s film from 2014, Flink pike (Good Girl), in which Melkeraaen sets out to investigate her own depression. The film is a collage of real time recordings, highly stylized staged scenes, archival material such as old pictures and audio-recordings of her own therapy sessions, and clips from Melkeraaen’s earlier documentaries. In this article, I investigate this collage not only as an aesthetic experiment with the documentary genre, but also as a mechanism that fleshes out important questions about the politics and ethics of vulnerability in gender-minded Scandinavia.
short subject: Cinema of transformation in times of danger
Authors: Helke Susanna
Published: February 2017

This short subject discusses the ways I position myself as a film-maker at the cross-section of the poetical and the political in relation to documentary expression. How can socially and politically engaged documentary be poetical and transformative, creating a space for ethical transformations?
Penyelesaian Numerik Persamaan Advection Dengan Radial Point Interpolation Method dan Integrasi Waktu Dengan Discontinuous Galerkin Method
Authors: Sadono Kresno Wikan
Published: February 2017

Persamaan differensial banyak digunakan untuk menggambarkan berbagai fenomena dalam bidang sains dan rekayasa. Berbagai masalah komplek dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dapat dimodelkan dengan persamaan differensial dan diselesaikan dengan metode numerik. Salah satu metode numerik, yaitu metode meshfree atau meshless berkembang akhir-akhir ini, tanpa proses pembuatan elemen pada domain. Penelitian ini menggabungkan metode meshless yaitu radial basis point interpolation method (RPIM) dengan integrasi waktu discontinuous Galerkin method (DGM), metode ini disebut RPIM-DGM. Metode RPIM-DGM diaplikasikan pada advection equation pada satu dimensi. RPIM menggunakan basis function multiquadratic function (MQ) dan integrasi waktu diturunkan untuk linear-DGM maupun quadratic-DGM. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan, metode ini mendekati hasil analitis dengan baik. Hasil simulasi numerik dengan RPIM DGM menunjukkan semakin banyak node dan semakin kecil time increment menunjukkan hasil numerik semakin akurat. Hasil lain menunjukkan, integrasi numerik dengan quadratic-DGM untuk suatu time increment dan jumlah node tertentu semakin meningkatkan akurasi dibandingkan dengan linear-DGM. [Title: Numerical solution of advection equation with radial basis interpolation method and discontinuous Galerkin method for time integration] Differential equation is widely used to describe a variety of phenomena in science and engineering. A variety of complex issues in everyday life can be modeled with differential equations and solved by numerical method. One of the numerical methods, the method meshfree or meshless developing lately, without making use of the elements in the domain. The research combines methods meshless, i.e. radial basis point interpolation method with discontinuous Galerkin method as time integration method. This method is called RPIM-DGM. The RPIM-DGM applied to one dimension advection equation. The RPIM using basis function multiquadratic function and time integration is derived for linear-DGM and quadratic-DGM. The simulation result shows that this numerical method, close to the results exact well. The results of numerical simulations with RPIM-DGM show, the more nodes and the smaller the time increment, the more accurate the numerical results. Other results showed, integration with quadratic-DGM for a time increment, and a certain number of nodes, further improving accuracy, compared with the linear-DGM.
Analisis Level Kesiapan Warga Menghadapi Potensi Bencana Longsor Kota Semarang
Authors: Susanto Novie , Putranto Thomas Triadi
Published: February 2017

Semarang memiliki morfologi bervariasi yang berpotensi terhadap bencana tanah longsor. Daerah rawan longsor ini mengakibatkan kerugian yang tidak sedikit baik sisi ekonomi sosial seperti bangunan (vihara, talud, rumah dan sebagainya) maupun nyawa manusia. Dalam hal ini manusia banyak dirugikan meskipun aktivitas manusia juga terdeteksi sebagai salah satu penyebab utama terjadinya bencana longsor. Untuk mengurangi kerugian yang mungkin ditimbulkan oleh bencana longsor di Kota Semarang perlu diketahui status kesiapsiagaan warga sehingga prioritas sosialisasi dan intervensi dapat terarah dengan baik. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah mengukur indeks kesiapsiagaan warga di 19 lokasi titik penelitian rawan bencana longsor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan secara umum, kesiapsiagaan masyarakat Semarang masuk dalam kategori “Hampir Siap” dengan nilai indeks 55,74. Terdapat 2 lokasi yang memiliki indeks kesiapsiagaan “BelumSiap” yaitu Kembang Arum dan Manyaran. Daerah Mangunharjo berada dalam kategori indeks cukup siap. Ketiga daerah ini berada di daerah dengan tingkat kerawanan cukup tinggi sehingga diprioritaskan untuk mendapatkan sosialisasi dan intervensi yang diperlukan. [Title: Analysis of Citizens’ Preparedness Level toward Potency of Landslides Disaster in Semarang City] Semarang has different morphology and by doing so caused a high potential for landslides. This case resulted in the losses of the landslide-prone area both for the social economy such as buildings (temples, embankments, homes, etc.) and human lives. In this case, the man obtained many disadvantages although human activity is also detected as one of the main causes of the landslide. To reduce the losses, it is needed to know the status of citizens’ preparedness so that the priority of socialization and interventions can be targeted properly. The method used in this study is the measurement of the preparedness index of residents in 19 locations of landslides-prone areas. The results showed in general, the community preparedness Semarang in the category "Almost Ready" with an index value of 55.74. There are two locations that have an index of preparedness "Not Ready" namely Kembang Arum and Manyaran. Mangunharjo area is in the category of the index “Quite Ready”. Those areas are located in areas with fairly high degree of vulnerability. So they are prioritized for the socialization and the interventions.
Reliability and Factorial Validity of Non-Specific and Tennis-Specific Pre-Planned Agility Tests; Preliminary Analysis
Authors: Sekulic Damir , Uljevic Ognjen , Peric Mia , Spasic Miodrag , Kondric Miran
Published: February 2017

Agility is an important quality in tennis, yet there is an evident lack of studies focussing on the applicability of tennis-specific agility performances and comparing them to equivalent non-specific agility performances. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and factorial validity of three tests of pre-planned agility, performed in specific (with a tennis racquet) and non-specific (without a tennis racquet) conditions. The sample consisted of 33 tennis players (13 males and 20 females; age: 18.3 ± 1.1 years and 18.6 ± 1.3 years; body height: 185.4 ± 51 cm and 169.3 ± 4.2 cm, 74.0 ± 4.4 kg and 61.2 ± 3.1 kg, respectively). The variables comprised three agility tests: a 20-yard test, a T-test and the Illinois test, all performed in both specific and non-specific conditions. Between-subject and within-subject reliability were found to be high (Cronbach Alpha: 0.93 to 0.98; Coefficient of Variation: 3 to 8%), with better within-subject reliability and stability of the measurement for specific tests. Pearson’s product moment correlations between the non-specific and specific agility performances were high (r ≥0.84), while factor analysis extracted only one significant latent dimension on the basis of the Guttman-Kaiser criterion. The results of the 20-yard test were better when the test was conducted in the specific conditions (t-test = 2.66; p < 0.05). For the Illinois test, superior results were recorded in the non-specific conditions (t-test = 2.96; p < 0.05), which can be explained by the test duration (about 20 s) and non-specific locomotion forms such as rotational movements. Considering the findings of the present study, when testing tennis-specific pre-planned agility, we suggest using tests of short duration (less than 10 s) and sport-specific types of locomotion.