bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Artificial Intelligence on Job Market
Authors: Xiong Binran
Published: December 2024

This article focuses on the possible impacts of AI robotics on job market and how to deal with it. The development of AI is not the first time in history when labour market faces huge restructure due to new technology inventions, the question is what the past tells about the future. The fear of AI robotics substituting human workforce remarkably resembles the “industrial revolution” when steam engines, looms and cotton gins were first invented, millions of labours across Europe and North America were under threat of unemployment. The result of industrial revolution turned out to be not as devastating as people worried, the transition in economy from handicrafts and agriculture to machine manufactory not only increased productivity but also more jobs and higher wages. By comparing the statistics and differences between AI and industrial revolution, the result again shows that despite the huge impact on unemployment in the short term, the long-term effects are positive. The fear of AI is unnecessary as long as the government seeks to post reasonable regulations on machines and subsidize the structural unemployment workers.
Research on Gilead Sciences’ Market Monopolization Strategies and Their Economic Impact on the Global Pharmaceutical Market
Authors: Zheng Chunwai
Published: December 2024

This paper delves into the monopolistic strategies employed by Gilead Sciences, highlighting how these tactics have profound and far- reaching impacts on the pharmaceutical industry. The study examines Gilead’s use of mergers and acquisitions, patent extensions, and aggressive marketing campaigns to secure a dominant market position. Such strategies have not only stifled competition but also contributed to soaring drug prices, placing essential medications out of reach for many individuals. The lack of transparency in this competitive landscape exacerbates the situation, allowing Gilead to maintain its market dominance at the expense of public welfare. Through this research, the paper provides a comprehensive overview of the detrimental effects of monopolistic practices in the pharmaceutical sector, emphasizing the urgent need for regulatory interventions. The study aims to propose viable strategies to dismantle monopolies and promote fair competition, ultimately leading to significant improvements in public health outcomes. These findings contribute to the existing body of knowledge on the intersection between the pharmaceutical industry and public health, offering insights into necessary policy changes and the role of market agents in fostering a more equitable healthcare system.
Post-Pandemic Risk Management Strategies in the Aviation Industry: Case study of HNA Group & Aegean Airlines
Authors: Cao Keyi , Wang Binrui , Zhao Wentao
Published: December 2024

As the global economy gradually recovers from the impact of COVID-19, the aviation industry is also ushering in long-awaited development opportunities. However, the challenges facing the post-pandemic aviation industry should not be ignored, including increased market competition, an uncertain global economic environment, frequent policy adjustments, regional conflicts, and external risks. This study analyzed the risk management practices of Hainan Airlines Group and Aegean Airlines, among other typical cases, to explore how airlines can strengthen risk management during the post-pandemic recovery period. This study analyzed the risks faced by airlines during the recovery process and their causes from multiple dimensions, such as market demand forecasting, cost control, operational efficiency improvement, external environment analysis, and safety management, and put forward corresponding management suggestions and strategies. Through systematic analysis and research, this study aims to provide a useful reference for airlines’ risk management in the post-epidemic era and help airlines achieve stability and sustainable development in a complex and ever-changing market environment.
Vaccination against Respiratory Infections in the Immunosenescent Older Adult Population: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Ecarnot Fiona , Maggi Stefania
Published: December 2024

Respiratory infections are associated with a huge burden of disease every year and disproportionately affect older adults, namely those aged 65 years and older. Older adults are at increased risk of infections compared with their younger counterparts, and once infected, have a higher risk of experiencing severe disease course, complications, and long-term sequelae. Therefore, vaccination is clearly a key strategy to prevent infection and its attendant negative consequences. We review here the burden of common respiratory diseases in older adults, namely influenza, pneumococcal disease, and respiratory syncytial virus. We then review some of the challenges facing immunization of older adults, namely immunosenescence, inflammaging, and low vaccine uptake. Next, potential opportunities for overcoming these challenges are reviewed, including the use of higher antigen doses and/or adjuvants in vaccine formulations for older adults, and the potential of multiomics analyses to improve development, performance, and implementation of vaccines.
Management of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC): Real-World Recommendations
Authors: Parikh Purvish , Bahl Ankur , Sharma Gopal , Pramanik Raja , Wadhwa Jyoti , Bajpai Peush , Jandyal Sunny , Dubey A P. , Sarin Aditya , Dadhich Subash Chandra , Saklani Avinash P. , Kumar Ashok , Chandra Abhijit , Rawat Saumitra , Selvasekar C. , Aggarwal Shyam
Published: December 2024

Introduction Metastatic CRC is considered as a heterogenous disease. Its management is therefore complex and dynamic. In order the give a ready reference to community oncologists, we developed this real world recommendations.

Methods A group of experts with academic background and real world experience in mCRC got together. We reviewed the current literature and the insights gained from our real world experience. Based on the same we put together these recommendations.

Recommendations (Results) Molecular testing should be done wherever possible. Most of these patients will be treated with a palliative approach. Doublet chemotherapy is a long-standing standard of care. Triplet therapy may be offered where a more aggressive approach is indicated. Combination with anti -vascular endothelial growth factor antibodies and/or anti EGFR antibodies is also considered standard. In the first-line setting, pembrolizumab can be used for patients with mCRC and microsatellite instability-high or deficient mismatch repair tumours; Left and right sided tumours are distinct entities. Combination of chemotherapy and targeted therapy is used as per individual patient and tumour characteristics.

Oligometastatic disease can be approached with potentially curative intent. Cytoreductive surgery plus chemotherapy can be offered to selected patients with peritoneal only metastases. Stereotactic body radiation therapy can be used as local therapy for patients with oligometastatic liver only disease who cannot be taken up for surgery. New strategies include induction-maintenance chemotherapy and perioperative chemotherapy. All drugs/ regimen included as standard of care in the first line can also be used in subsequent lines. Specific targetable driver mutation tumours can be treated accordingly with their complementary biological therapy.

Conclusion Multidisciplinary team management and shared decision making are possible when patient and caregivers choose to become active participants.
Percutaneous Interventions for Gallstones: Techniques and Outcomes
Authors: Husnain Ali , Usman Amir , Riaz Ahsun
Published: December 2024

Approximately 6% of the global population has gallstones. Acute cholecystitis affects approximately 200,000 individuals annually in the United States. Laparoscopic or open cholecystectomy is the definitive treatment, but many patients are ineligible due to comorbidities. For these high-risk patients, percutaneous cholecystostomy is a temporary alternative; however long-term use in patients with continued contraindications to surgery affects quality of life and has a high complication rate. Percutaneous cholecystoscopic lithotripsy/lithectomy has emerged as a viable alternative for managing these patients. Recent advancements in endoscopic and lithotripsy devices have enhanced outcomes. This review will discuss the technical aspects and outcomes of percutaneous gallstone lithotripsy/lithectomy (in the gallbladder and bile ducts).
Effect of thermal shocks on the thermal conductivity of hcp He4
Authors: Golub A. A. , Svatko S. V.
Published: December 2024

An experimental study was made of the effect of thermal shocks on the thermal conductivity of He4 single crystals with a molar volume of 20.56 cm3/mole. An analysis of the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity indicates that the experimental results can be described accurately when the scattering of phonons by dislocations is taken into account.
Solitons in superfluid helium films
Authors: Adamenko I. N. , Poluéktov Yu. M.
Published: December 2024

An equation that takes account of both nonlinearity and wave dispersion in a superfluid helium film is obtained. It is shown that in a superfluid helium film solitons may exist with properties differing from those of solitons in conventional fluids.
The theory of topological phase transitions in superconducting thin films and quasi-two-dimensional crystals
Authors: Shevchenko S. I.
Published: December 2024

A theory of topological phase transitions in two-dimensional superconducting films is constructed. It is shown that the Berezinskiĭ, Kosterlitz, and Thouless phase transition is retained in films with finite dimensions, in spite of the fact that the interaction of vortices in such films is not purely logarithmic. It is established that at low temperatures there is one other phase transition, for which a nonzero order parameter ⟨eiϕ(r)⟩ arises near the boundaries of the film. As the distance from the edge of the film increases, this order parameter decreases according to a power law. The reason for the appearance of a boundary order parameter and, together with it, a boundary superconducting layer stems from the coupling between the vortices and their images. It is shown that topological phase transitions in superconducting films are very sensitive to the external magnetic field. The lower critical field Hc1 is calculated.
Electron-phonon interaction in hydrostatically compressed indium–tin alloys
Authors: Mostovoi V. M. , Revenko Yu. F.
Published: December 2024

The superconducting characteristics and electron-phonon interaction parameters of indium-tin alloys under pressure of up to 10 kbar were studied by the method of single-particle electron tunneling. A close correlation between the interaction constant λ. and the ratio of superconductivity parameters 2Δ0/TK as well as its derivative with respect to pressure has been established in these materials with the same crystallographic structure and phonon spectrum.
Stationary properties of clean SNS sandwiches
Authors: Kupriyanov M. Yu.
Published: December 2024

A relationship Is(φ) that is valid for arbitrary temperatures T ≲ Tc and thicknesses of d of the N layer is established for clean SNS sandwiches in the case when the Fermi velocities of the normal (vN) and the superconducting (vs) metals are related by the strong inequality vN ≪ vs. Dependences of the critical current Ic of such sandwiches on the temperature and thickness d of the N layer, as well as the dependence of the effective coherence length ξ* governing the value Ic ∝ exp{ − d/ξ*} of extended (d ≫ ξ*) SNS junctions on the mean free path lN of the electrons in the N-metal are found numerically. It is shown that in the range of values lN ≲ 10ξT(ξT = vN /12πT) the quantity ξ* is determined with accuracy exceeding 2% by the expression ξ* = (lNξT /3)½(1+0.1lN/ξT)−1.
Parametric excitation of spin waves in ferrites at low temperatures
Authors: Krutsenko I. V. , Melkov G. A.
Published: December 2024

We have experimentally studied parametrically excited spin waves in samples of yttrium iron garnet in the temperature range 4.2–300 °K at a pump frequency of 9.4 GHz. It is shown that rare earth impurities reduce the value of the real and imaginary parts of the nonlinear susceptibility in the region of temperatures where they significantly influence the relaxation processes of the parametrically excited spin waves. Rare earth impurities have no effect on the phase mechanism for the limitation of the amplitude of the parametrically excited spin waves. Their role is to significantly decrease the scattering of the spin waves from surface inhomogeneities. In the course of a study of the polar and azimuthal angular distribution of the parametrically excited spin waves we observed a broadening of the spin wave packet as the temperature is lowered.
Change in the degree of multi-photon absorption of light in a manganese fluoride crystal as the polarization of the exciting light is varied
Authors: Dokashenko V. P. , Eremenko V. V. , Matyushkin É. V.
Published: December 2024

It is shown that by varying only the polarization of the exciting light in the antiferromagnet manganese fluoride it is possible to obtain either four-photon two-exciton optical absorption or two-photon single-exciton absorption.
Pressure dependence of the magnetic properties of CuCl2 · 2D2O at low temperatures
Authors: Galushko V. A. , Ivanova S. V. , Pashkevich Yu. G. , Telepa V. T.
Published: December 2024

The magnetic phase diagram of antiferromagnetic CuCl2 · 2D2O under high hydrostatic pressures, of up to 15 kbar, was studied by the nuclear-magnetic-resonance method. The pressure dependence of the Neel temperature, of the spin-flop transition field intensity, and of the triple-point temperature and field intensity has been determined as a result. The magnetoelastic constants of CuCl2 · 2D2O are calculated from the experimental data. It is demonstrated that the most appreciable change of the Néel temperature TN under hydrostatic pressure must be due to a decrease of the interplanar distance along the c axis.
Luminescence of antiferromagnetic manganese fluoride at high excitation levels
Authors: Dokashenko V. P. , Eremenko V. V. , Matyushkin É. V. , Smushkov V. I.
Published: December 2024

We have studied the luminescence of an MnF2 crystal excited by a powerful copper vapor laser. The E1 luminescence band is observed to shift toward the red region of the spectrum and the exciton luminescence yield decreases at a high level of excitation. The results are explained as a manifestation of exciton-exciton interaction when their concentration is large.
Multiquantum u.h.f. energy absorption in superconductors
Authors: Kirichenko I. K.
Published: December 2024

Using the kinetic equation for electron excitations in a pure semiconductor (Ωτ ≫ 1, where Ω is the field frequency and τ, the quasiparticle lifetime) obtained in Ref. 2 for the case of an arbitrarily high u.h.f. electromagnetic field, the question of the efficiency of various field energy absorption channels is considered in the multiquantum limit. In contrast to previous studies, the case T≠0 is considered. The energy absorbed is calculated as a function of the field amplitude.
Isothermal compressibility and thermal expansion of solid deuterium in the premelting region
Authors: Esel’son V. B. , Udovidchenko B. G. , Manzheliĭ V. G.
Published: December 2024

Results of measurements of the isothermal compressibility and thermal expansion of solid normal deuterium in the premelting region with pressures of up to 250 atm are presented.
Investigation of antiferromagnetic resonance in CuCI2 • 2D2O at high pressure
Authors: Ivanova S. V. , Polyakov P. I.
Published: December 2024

The low-frequency branch of the antiferromagnetic resonance spectrum in CuCI2 · 2D2O under hydrostatic pressure is studied. The pressure and temperature dependences of the resonant fields and the half-widths of the antiferromagnetic resonance lines are obtained. The pressure dependence of the magnitude of the Néel temperature is studied. The temperature dependence of the field for flipping the magnetic moments of the sublattices is analyzed.
Interaction of polaritons with acoustic phonons at low temperatures
Authors: Myasnikov É.N. , Fomin G. V.
Published: December 2024

The probability of the scattering of polaritons by acoustic phonons is calculated near exciton resonance with a high oscillator strength of the transition. The expressions obtained for the scattering probability at low temperatures are applicable to rare-gas crystals. Results are presented of an analysis of polariton scattering by acoustic phonons in transitions with excitation of large effective mass excitons (Frenkel excitons).
Effect of anisotropic intersheet electron scattering and Fermi surface anisotropy on the galvanomagnetic properties of rhenium
Authors: Volkenshtein N. V. , Dyakina V. P. , Startsev V. E. , Cherepanov V. I. , Azhazha V. M. , Elenskii V. A. , Kovtun G. P.
Published: December 2024

The temperature dependences of the galvanomagnetic properties of single crystals of rhenium with residual resistance ratios ρ273.2/ρ4.2≈38 000 were investigated over the temperature range 4.2–273.2 °K in magnetic fields of up to 22 kOe. A change of sign and a nonmonotonic temperature dependence of the Hall coefficient RH(T) were found. On the basis of an analysis of the data, it has been suggested that the reasons for the change of sign of the Hall coefficient and the minimum in the function RH(T) for H‖ ⟨0001⟩ are the anisotropic intersheet electron-phonon scattering between the hole sheets L7h and the transition from a low to high magnetic field regime. The temperature dependence of the conductivity in a magnetic field for H‖ ⟨0001⟩ σHi(T) ∼ T4 is observed for T < 20 °K.
On the theory of the static and resonance properties of spin-3/2 “easy plane”-type antiferromagnets in a transverse magnetic field
Authors: Loktev V. M.
Published: December 2024

The magnetization and spin-excitation spectrum of a spin-3/2 easy-plane antiferromagnetic dielectric are computed on the basis of the quantum approach. The behavior of the magnetization in an external field perpendicular to the symmetry axis is investigated, and it is shown that, as the sublattices undergo a spin flop, the spin components along the intrinsic axis of quantization increase in proportion to the external field as a result of the Dzyaloshinskii interaction. It is shown that the generally used semiclassical (phenomenological) theory formulas for the spin-wave energies correspond to the case of a weak single-ion anisotropy. Expressions are derived for the spin-wave energies in the case of a strong single-ion anisotropy (as obtains in, for example, cobalt carbonate or cobalt chloride). The external-electromagnetic-wave-absorption rates at the spin-excitation frequencies are analyzed.
Criteria for the appearance of discontinuous plasticity in hard type-II superconductors
Authors: Bronina E. M. , Nechiporenko I. N.
Published: December 2024

Criteria for the appearance of discontinuous plasticity in, and discontinuous penetration of vortices into, hard type-II superconductors are derived. The plastic deformations of hard superconductors in the following cases are considered: a single hard filamentary type-II superconductor in a magnetic field and a composite conductor in the absence of a magnetic field and in the presence of a uniform background magnetic field.
Paramagnetic effect in a current-carrying cylindrical superconductor and its application in the study of the intermediate state
Authors: Frolov V. A. , Kan Ya. S.
Published: December 2024

The effect of a weak longitudinal magnetic field on the characteristics of the paramagnetic effect (PME) in a current-carrying cylinder has been experimentally investigated for those fields for which the magnitude of the PME oscillations as the current is varied. A model for the PME whose magnitude oscillates as the current varied is proposed on the basis of the London model for the intermediate state of a current-carrying cylinder. The dependence of the period of the London structure on the current strength is computed from the experimental data within the framework of this model.
Josephson sandwiches with bismuth interlayer
Authors: Ivanov Z. G. , Snigirev O. V. , Soldatov E. S. , Maslennikov Yu. V. , Chervyakov A. V. , Golubev V. L
Published: December 2024

A study was made of SNS-type Josephson sandwiches with a bismuth interlayer. The coherence length in thin bismuth films was measured and found to be equal to 30 ± 10 nm, much smaller than previous estimates. It is demonstrated that, with the correct selection of materials for the superconducting electrodes, one can obtain Josephson junctions with a characteristic voltage of the order of 1 mV and a normal resistance of the order 1 ohm having an area of 1 μ.
Current generation in a metal by phonon drag
Authors: Tszyan Yu. N. , Shevchenko O. G.
Published: December 2024

Phonon drag by electrons is observed in three-layer single-crystal copper–araldite–copper structures. The thickness and temperature dependence of the effect are investigated.
Rearrangement of the spectrum of spin excitations of an anisotropic antiferromagnet with magnetic impurities in an external field
Authors: Ivanov M. A. , Loktev V. M. , Pogorelov Yu. G.
Published: December 2024

The theory of spin excitations in an anisotropic antiferromagnet with magnetic impurities in a magnetic field H‖C4 is developed for the system Co1−cMncF2 (c≪1). It is shown that in the region where the impurity lines approach the antiferromagnetic resonance, there is a collective coherent or incoherent arrangement in the spectrum depending on the impurity concentration. The antiferromagnetic resonance spectrum is analyzed for different types of rearrangement and the theoretical results are compared with experimental data.
“Spin-flop” type phase transitions in rhombohedral antiferromagnets
Authors: Vitebskii I. M.
Published: December 2024

This work investigates the features of orientation phase transitions in rhombohedral antiferromagnets under the influence of an external magnetic field parallel to the trigonal axis. Phase diagrams for antiferromagnets with various crystal and magnetic structures are constructed. The general conditions for the existence of the flop phase are elucidated.
Nonlinear waves in nonhomogeneous solids
Authors: Nechiporenko I. N.
Published: December 2024

It is demonstrated that near first order order-disorder phase transitions in solids with a gradient of the strain tensor (due, for instance, to a temperature gradient) there exist several types of nonlinear waves (solitons): domain-wall waves, interphase-boundary waves, and nonlinear waves of a new type in the metastable phase. Solitons of this new type can, while propagating, evolve into a moving domain of the new phase.
Surface contribution to the low-temperature heat capacity of highly anisotropic crystals
Authors: Gospodarev I. A. , Syrkin E. S.
Published: December 2024

The surface contribution to the low-temperature heat capacity of highly anisotropic crystals is investigated on a microscopic level for a specific model. It is shown, in particular, that this contribution has a characteristic maximum which is shifted toward the low-temperature region as the interaction of basal planes becomes weaker.
Symmetry of the “high-temperature” magnetoresistive effect in bismuth
Authors: Bogod Yu. A. , Krasovitskii Vit. B. , Lemeshevskaya E. T.
Published: December 2024

An experiment is developed to eliminate uncertainty in the choice of resonance in a description of the “high temperature” oscillations in the magnetoresistance of bismuth.
Order of amino acid recruitment into the genetic code resolved by last universal common ancestor’s protein domains
Authors: Wehbi Sawsan , Wheeler Andrew , Morel Benoit , Manepalli Nandini , Minh Bui Quang , Lauretta Dante S. , Masel Joanna
Published: December 2024

The current “consensus” order in which amino acids were added to the genetic code is based on potentially biased criteria, such as the absence of sulfur-containing amino acids from the Urey–Miller experiment which lacked sulfur. More broadly, abiotic abundance might not reflect biotic abundance in the organisms in which the genetic code evolved. Here, we instead identify which protein domains date to the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) and then infer the order of recruitment from deviations of their ancestrally reconstructed amino acid frequencies from the still-ancient post-LUCA controls. We find that smaller amino acids were added to the code earlier, with no additional predictive power in the previous consensus order. Metal-binding (cysteine and histidine) and sulfur-containing (cysteine and methionine) amino acids were added to the genetic code much earlier than previously thought. Methionine and histidine were added to the code earlier than expected from their molecular weights and glutamine later. Early methionine availability is compatible with inferred early use of S-adenosylmethionine and early histidine with its purine-like structure and the demand for metal binding. Even more ancient protein sequences—those that had already diversified into multiple distinct copies prior to LUCA—have significantly higher frequencies of aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and histidine) and lower frequencies of valine and glutamic acid than single-copy LUCA sequences. If at least some of these sequences predate the current code, then their distinct enrichment patterns provide hints about earlier, alternative genetic codes.
Large-scale CRISPR/Cas9 deletions within the WFDC gene cluster uncover gene functionality and critical roles in mammalian reproduction
Authors: Kent Katarzyna , Nozawa Kaori , Parkes Rachel , Dean Laura , Daniel Frey , Leng Mei , Jain Antrix , Malovannaya Anna , Matzuk Martin M. , X. Garcia Thomas
Published: December 2024

Despite 96 million years of evolution separating humans and rodents, 11 closely related reproductive tract-specific genes in humans—
SPINT3
,
WFDC6
,
EPPIN
,
WFDC8
,
WFDC9
,
WFDC10A
,
WFDC11
,
WFDC10B
,
WFDC13
,
SPINT4
, and
WFDC3
—and the 13 reproductive tract-specific orthologous genes in mice, form highly conserved syntenic gene clusters indicative of conserved, combined critical functions. Further, despite significant progress toward a nonhormonal male contraceptive targeting the protein encoded by one of these genes, epididymal peptidase inhibitor (EPPIN), and associations found between mutations in
EPPIN
and an increased risk of male infertility, neither EPPIN nor any closely related whey acidic protein four-disulfide core (WFDC) gene have been explored functionally. To clarify the involvement of WFDC genes in male fertility, we strategically used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate mice lacking 13, 10, 5, or 4 genes within the cluster and demonstrated that males with deletions of 13, 10, or 4 genes (Wfdc6a, Eppin, Wfdc8, and Wfdc6a) were sterile due to an arrest in spermatogenesis, preventing formation beyond round spermatids. In contrast, the five gene knockout (KO) males (lacking
Wfdc16
,
Wfdc9
,
Wfdc10
,
Wfdc11
, and
Wfdc13
), despite normal spermatogenesis and sperm counts, were infertile due to defects in sperm motility and increased sperm death. Similarly to our previously reported
Spint3
single gene KO,
Wfdc3
single KO mice were fertile with no obvious reproductive phenotype. Our KO mouse studies to explore the entire WFDC locus of closely related genes have clarified the functional requirements of WFDC locus genes in different aspects of male fertility. Our research has implications for improving clinical diagnoses of male infertility and identifying additional targets for nonhormonal male contraception.
Genetic synchronization of the brain and liver molecular clocks defend against chrono-metabolic disease
Authors: Woodie Lauren N. , Alberto Ahren J. , Krusen Brianna M. , Melink Lily C. , Lazar Mitchell A.
Published: December 2024

Nearly every cell of the body contains a circadian clock mechanism that is synchronized with the light-entrained clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Desynchrony between the SCN and the external environment leads to metabolic dysfunction in shift workers. Similarly, mice with markedly shortened endogenous period due to the deletion of circadian REV-ERBα/β nuclear receptors in the SCN (SCN DKO) exhibit increased sensitivity to diet-induced obesity (DIO) on a 24 h light:dark cycle while mice with REV-ERBs deleted in hepatocytes (HepDKO) display exacerbated hepatosteatosis in response to a high-fat diet. Here, we show that inducing deletion of hepatocyte REV-ERBs in SCN DKO mice (Hep-SCN DDKO) rescued the exacerbated DIO and hepatic triglyceride accumulation, without affecting the shortened behavioral period. These findings suggest that metabolic disturbances due to environmental desynchrony with the central clock are due to effects on peripheral clocks which can be mitigated by matching peripheral and central clock periods even in a desynchronous environment. Thus, maintaining synchrony within an organism, rather than between endogenous and exogenous clocks, may be a viable target for the treatment of metabolic disorders associated with circadian disruption.
Quotation headlines in the printed British quality press
Authors: Fetzer Anita
Published: December 2024

News discourse comes along with the presumption of newsworthiness, and this also holds for one of its constitutive
parts: headlines. This paper adopts a discourse-pragmatic perspective to the formatting and discursive function of quotation
headlines in the printed British quality press. It addresses (1) the constitutive parts and felicity conditions of quotation;
(2) its linguistic formatting as direct, indirect, scare, mixed and mixed type, and its signalling with metadata, and (3) its
uptake and (re)contextualisation in the news story. In the data, quotation headlines are signalled linguistically with quotatives
and typographically with single quotation marks, colons or empty spaces. Their uptake in the news story is signalled with double
typographic quotation marks and supplemented with metadata (participants, local, temporal and discursive coordinates). As for
their discursive functions, quotations not only import context into the news discourse, but their mention also implies that some
prior, taken-for-granted contextualisation requires re-negotiation.
tRNA m1A modification regulates cholesterol biosynthesis to promote antitumor immunity of CD8+ T cells
Authors: Miao Shan , Li Hao , Song Xiaohan , Liu Yongbo , Wang Gaoyang , Kan Chen , Ye Youqiong , Liu Ru-Juan , Li Hua-Bing
Published: December 2024

Activation of CD8+ T cells necessitates rapid metabolic reprogramming to fulfill the substantial biosynthetic demands of effector functions. However, the posttranscriptional mechanisms underpinning this process remain obscure. The transfer RNA (tRNA) N1-methyladenine (m1A) modification, essential for tRNA stability and protein translation, has an undefined physiological function in CD8+ T cells, particularly in antitumor responses. Here, we demonstrate that the tRNA m1A “writer” gene Trmt61a enhances the tumor-killing capacity of CD8+ T cells by regulating cholesterol biosynthesis. Deletion of Trmt61a in CD8+ T cells leads to a compromised tumor-killing function in both in vivo and in vitro assays. Mechanistically, tRNA m1A promotes antitumor immunity in CD8+ T cells by enhancing the translation of ATP citrate lyase, a key enzyme for cholesterol biosynthesis. Cholesterol supplementation rescues the impaired tumor-killing function and proliferation of TRMT61A-deficient CD8+ T cells. Our findings highlight tRNA m1A modification as a regulatory checkpoint in cholesterol metabolism in CD8+ T cells, suggesting potential novel strategies for cancer immunotherapy.
Revealing the Impact of Ferromagnetic Elements on Fe-Based Amorphous Alloy Properties via ab initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Experiments
Authors: Xiao 肖 Jin-Hua 晋桦 , Ding 丁 Da-Wei 大伟 , Li 李 Lin 琳 , Sun 孙 Yi-Tao 奕韬 , Li 李 Mao-Zhi 茂枝 , Wang 汪 Wei-Hua 卫华
Published: December 2024

A high saturation magnetic flux density (B
s) is essential for the development of Fe-based amorphous alloys for electromagnetic devices and motors. However, achieving a high B
s often compromises the glass-forming ability (GFA) of Fe-based amorphous alloys. This study investigates the effects of ferromagnetic elements (Fe, Co, and Ni) on the microstructure and magnetic properties of Fe86B7C7 amorphous alloys through experiments and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. By analyzing both the experimental and simulation results, the relationship between the atomic structures, GFA, and magnetic properties of these amorphous alloys was determined. The results indicate that the GFA of the alloys is correlated with the proportion of icosahedral and body-centered cubic clusters. The addition of Co and Ni not only improved the GFA of the alloys but also effectively increased the overall magnetic moment with an appropriate amount of Co and a small amount of Ni. This increase in the magnetic moment primarily arises from the enhancement of the magnetic moment of Fe atoms, resulting from the redistribution between the spin-up and spin-down electrons of Fe-3d orbits, as well as the strong exchange interactions between Fe and Co and Fe–Ni pairs. The results obtained offer valuable insights into the correlation between the atomic structure and magnetic properties of these amorphous alloys and suggest potential directions for the optimization of Fe-based amorphous alloys.
Intelligent fault diagnosis of rolling bearing under unbalanced samples based on simulation data fusion
Authors: Mei Shikang , Xu Tao , Zhang Qing , Fang Yuan , Zhang Shoujing
Published: December 2024

With the rapid development of intelligent manufacturing, data-driven deep-learning techniques have been widely used in bearing fault diagnosis. However, the problem of unbalanced data samples usually occurs in actual production environments due to the difficulty of collecting comprehensive fault data covering multiple fault types and degrees, which directly affects the diagnosis performance. For this reason, this paper proposes a new method for simulation data-driven bearing fault diagnosis. In this paper, based on the vibration mechanism of rolling bearings, a fault signal simulation model that can accurately simulate different damage degrees of inner and outer rings is constructed. The model cannot only effectively extend the data set but also generate simulated signals that are highly consistent with accurate fault signals in terms of amplitude modulation characteristics in the absence of actual samples. This paper conducts experiments on the CWRU rolling bearing fault dataset by combining the generated simulation data with deep learning methods. The experimental results show that the model’s classification accuracy reaches 98.7% and 93.7% in the case of a small number of samples (small sample scenario) and no actual samples (no sample scenario), respectively. In addition, we conducted experiments with multiple working conditions on a testbed built in the laboratory, and all of them also achieved excellent results.
An efficient and robust method for detecting light stripe centers in structured light 3D measurement
Authors: Liu Siyuan , Pei Kai , Li Yixian , Li Honglin , Wang Conghui , Ren Zhen , Wang Yanhao , Shao Junqi
Published: December 2024

The extraction of the center points of light stripes is crucial for line-structured light three-dimensional (3D) measurement systems. High-precision center point extraction requires first determining the cross-sectional orientation of the light stripe. However, most researchers treat this as an independent segment of structured light 3D measurement and incur significant costs in calculating the light stripe’s normal vector, making it challenging to simultaneously meet the requirements of efficiency, high precision, and robustness. This paper presents a sub-pixel light stripe center point extraction method utilizing light plane calibration information. By projecting the normal of the light plane obtained during the system calibration onto the imaging plane, the direction for center point searching is obtained. Subsequently, sub-pixel expansion is performed to precisely locate the center point of the light stripe. The proposed method optimizes the center detection process without introducing additional measurement stages, reducing computational costs and enhancing interference resistance. The simulation analysis and experiments conducted demonstrate that the proposed method achieves higher accuracy and robustness with minimal time consumption, validating its effectiveness.
A method for identifying and compensating the installation pose of cycloidal gears based on a gear measuring center
Authors: Li Tianxing , Zhang Shihao , Li Tianrui , Li Ziyue , Gong Linhuan , Yang Jianjun , Nie Shaowu
Published: December 2024

The accurate evaluation of the manufacturing errors of the cycloidal gear is a prerequisite for ensuring the high transmission accuracy of cycloidal-pin reducers. However, due to the inevitable installation errors during measurement, the measurement model is inconsistent with the evaluation datum, resulting in distorted actual evaluation results that cannot accurately reflect the actual tooth profile condition. Meanwhile, the lack of professional software also makes compensating installation errors a difficult problem for accurately assessing manufacturing errors. In view of this, a compensation method for the installation error of the cycloidal gear is proposed based on the gear measuring center. By identifying and compensating the actual installation pose of the cycloidal gear, the evaluation of manufacturing errors is more accurate and can better reflect the real machining condition of the tooth profile. By constructing and analyzing the error measurement model of the cycloidal gear, the evaluation coordinate system for the manufacturing error is clarified, thereby ensuring that the evaluation datum is consistent with the measurement datum. The mathematical model of the actual installation pose of the cycloidal gear is established by accurately describing the installation axis vector and the installation center position. Based on this, the accurate evaluation of manufacturing error is achieved in the workpiece coordinate system by establishing the conversion relationship between the measurement coordinate system and the evaluation coordinate system. Finally, the correctness of the method proposed in this paper is verified through comparison experiments of the measurement and the significance analysis. The practice shows that the method has good flexibility, which can not only accurately evaluate the manufacturing error of the cycloidal gear but also provide technical support for the precise measurement of complex parts such as bevel gears and gear cutters.
B-spline adaptive sampling method for freeform surface measurement using laser differential confocal technology
Authors: Zhu Xiaoxue , Qiu Lirong , Zhao Weiqian , Liu Yuhan , Fu Yuan , Wang Yun
Published: December 2024

A B-spline adaptive sampling (B-SAS) method is proposed for three-dimensional freeform surface measurements using a laser differential confocal sensor (LDCS). High-precision focusing on optical freeform surfaces was achieved by axial scanning using the LDCS. The B-SAS method, based on the arc length and curvature uniformity, was introduced to enable the adaptive distribution of sampling points on freeform surfaces. Experiments show that the B-SAS method improves the repeatability accuracy of the peak-to-valley (PV) (3σ) for freeform surfaces by 27% compared to the uniform sampling method, and the corresponding measurement efficiency is improved by 41%. The repeatability accuracy of the PV (3σ) and root-mean-square (3σ) of the measured surfaces, using the B-SAS method, are lower than 27 and 8.5 nm, respectively. This method realizes highly accurate and efficient freeform surface measurements and provides a solution for measuring freeform surfaces with large angles.
Growth and properties of hybrid Au–Co0.8Ni0.2 nanowires embedded in SrTiO3/SrTiO3(001)
Authors: Tran T , Hennes M , Demaille D , Gallas B , Patriarche G , Hrabovsky D , Coati A , Vlad A , Resta A , Sauvage-Simkin M , Garreau Y , Zheng Y , Vidal F
Published: December 2024

We present a sequential growth scheme based on pulsed laser deposition, which yields dense arrays of ultrathin, match-shaped Au/CoNi nanopillars, vertically embedded in SrTiO3 thin films. Analysis of the magnetic properties of these nanocomposites reveals a pronounced out-of-plane anisotropy. We show that the latter not only results from the peculiar nanoarchitecture of the hybrid films but is further enhanced by strong magneto-structural coupling of the wires to the surrounding matrix. Finally, we provide a detailed overview of the optical response of these vertical nanostructures. Combining ellipsometry measurements with finite-difference time-domain simulations allows us to assess the potential of our self-assembly approach, as well as its possible shortcomings, for producing hybrid thin films with well-tailored magneto-plasmonic properties.
Second Comment on ‘Modeling for predicting survival fraction of cells after ultra-high dose rate irradiation’
Authors: Liew Hans , Mairani Andrea
Published: December 2024

We comment on the reply by Shiraishi et al to our comments regarding their recently published study ‘Modeling for Predicting Survival Fraction of Cells after Ultra-High Dose Rate Irradiation’. While we appreciate the effort of the authors to consider our comments, we see ourselves compelled to add another short comment as we believe that some of our suggestions have been misrepresented. This may have resulted in a misguiding re-evaluation of the model.
Investigation of triangularity effects on tokamak edge turbulence through multi-fidelity gyrokinetic simulations
Authors: Hoffmann A C D , Balestri A , Ricci P
Published: December 2024

This paper uses the gyro-moment (GM) approach as a multi-fidelity tool to explore the effect of triangularity on tokamak edge turbulence. Considering experimental data from an L-mode DIII-D discharge, we conduct gyrokinetic (GK) simulations with realistic plasma edge geometry parameters at ρ = 0.95. We find that employing ten GMs effectively captures essential features of both trapped electron mode (TEM) and ion temperature gradient (ITG) turbulence. By comparing electromagnetic (EM) GK simulations with adiabatic electron GK and reduced fluid simulations, we identify the range of validity of the reduced models. We observe that TEMs drive turbulent heat transport under nominal discharge conditions, hindering accurate transport level estimates by both simplified models. However, when TEMs are absent, and turbulence is ITG-driven, an agreement across the different models is observed. Finally, a parameter scan shows that the positive triangularity scenario destabilizes the TEM, therefore, the adiabatic electron model tends to show agreement with the EM simulations in zero and negative triangularity scenarios. On the other hand, the reduced fluid simulations exhibit limited sensitivity to triangularity changes, shedding light on the importance of retaining kinetic effects to accurately model the impact of triangularity turbulence in the tokamak edge. In conclusion, our multi-fidelity study suggests that a GM hierarchy with a limited number of moments is an ideal candidate for efficiently exploring triangularity effects on micro-scale turbulence.
Cosmological dynamics of FRW universe in presence of tachyonic field
Authors: Singha Anup Kumar , Sardar Alok , Debnath Ujjal , Pradhan Anirudh
Published: December 2024

In this work, we investigate the cosmological dynamics of the Universe in scenarios where the tachyonic field dominates, exhibiting both its normal characteristics and phantom behavior, over the energy density of matter and radiation. When the time derivative of the tachyon field,

ϕ

̇

, is very small, we observe that the nature of the scalar field and the potential play pivotal roles in the evolution of the Universe. We further analyze the dynamic features using various parameters, including the deceleration parameter q, the equation of state (EoS) parameter, the squared sound speed, and the Om diagnostic. Additionally, we discuss the Universe’s evolution in the parametric planes of {r, s} and ω-

ω
′

.
Theoretical study of magnetoresistance oscillations in semi-parabolic plus semi-inverse squared quantum wells in the presence of intense electromagnetic waves
Authors: Huong Nguyen Thu , Bau Nguyen Quang , Vi Ba Cao Thi , Dung Bui Thi , Toan Nguyen Cong , Tran Anh-Tuan
Published: December 2024

Magnetoresistance oscillations in semiconductor quantum wells, with the semi-parabolic plus semi-inverse squared potential, under the influence of intense electromagnetic waves (IEMW), is studied theoretically. Analytical expression for the longitudinal magnetoresistance (LMR) is derived from the quantum kinetic equation for electrons, using the Fröhlich Hamiltonian of the electron-acoustic phonon system. Numerical calculation results show the complex dependence of LMR on the parameters of the external field (electric, magnetic field and temperature) as well as the structure parameters of the confinement potential. In the absence of IEMW, Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations appear with amplitudes that decrease with temperature in agreement with previous theoretical and experimental results. In the presence of IEMW, the SdH oscillations appear in beats with amplitudes that increase with the intensity of the IEMW. SdH oscillations under the influence of electromagnetic waves are called microwave-induced magnetoresistance oscillations. The maximum and minimum peaks appear at the positions where the IEMW frequencies are integer and half-integer values of the cyclotron frequency, respectively. In addition, the structural parameters of the quantum well such as the confinement frequency and the geometrical parameters have a significant influence on the LMR as well as the SdH oscillations. When the confinement frequency is small, the two-dimensional electronic system in the quantum well behaves as a bulk semiconductor, resulting in the absence of SdH oscillations. In addition, the LMR increases with the geometrical parameter β

z
of the quantum well. The obtained results provide a solid theoretical foundation for the possibility of controlling SdH oscillations by IEMW as well as the structural properties of materials in future experimental observations.
Ionization study of cyanopolyynes HCnN (n=1–17) by electron and positron impact
Authors: Thomas Bini , Gupta Dhanoj
Published: December 2024

In this work, we investigate how electrons and positrons interact with important space molecules, specifically cyanopolyynes HC
n
N(n=1-17). These are linear molecules detected in the interstellar medium (ISM) and observed in regions like Sgr B2, Taurus Molecular Cloud -1 (TMC-1), the circumstellar envelope of the carbon star IRC +10216, and cold molecular clouds. We apply the binary-encounter Bethe (BEB) model to determine the ionization cross sections for both electron and positron impacts on these molecules, covering an energy range from ionization threshold to 5 keV. These molecules play a crucial role in astrophysics, astrochemistry, and atmospheric studies. However, their data are limited, particularly concerning positron impact ionization, which is being calculated for the first time in this study. Due to the complexity of these molecules, experimental data are lacking and only a small amount of theoretical information is currently available. Additionally, we have calculated properties like polarizability, dipole moment and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy for these molecules. We have also studied the correlation of the maximum ionization cross section with the polarizability and ionization energy of the targets. These data are important for understanding cyanopolyynes and will help scientists model chemical processes in space.