bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Sturm‐Liouville equation on the crossroads of continuous and discrete hypercomplex analysis
Authors: Cação Isabel , Falcão M. Irene , Malonek Helmuth R. , Tomaz Graça
Published: August 2021

The paper studies discrete structural properties of polynomials that play an important role in the theory of spherical harmonics in any dimensions. These polynomials have their origin in the research on problems of harmonic analysis by means of generalized holomorphic (monogenic) functions of hypercomplex analysis. The Sturm‐Liouville equation that occurs in this context supplements the knowledge about generalized Vietoris number sequences
, first encountered as a special sequence (corresponding to
) by Vietoris in connection with positivity of trigonometric sums. Using methods of the calculus of holonomic differential equations, we obtain a general recurrence relation for
, and we derive an exponential generating function of
expressed by Kummer's confluent hypergeometric function.
Anisotropic subloading surface Cam‐clay plasticity model with rotational hardening: Deformation gradient‐based formulation for finite strain
Authors: Yamakawa Yuki , Hashiguchi Koichi , Sasaki Tomohiro , Higuchi Masaki , Sato Kiyoshi , Kawai Tadashi , Machishima Tomohiro , Iguchi Takuya
Published: August 2021

This study is aimed at developing an anisotropic elastoplastic constitutive model for geomaterials at finite strain and its stress calculation algorithm based on the fully implicit return‐mapping scheme. The Cam‐clay plasticity model is adopted as a specific prototype model of geomaterials. As a pertinent representation of deformation‐induced anisotropy in geomaterials, nonlinear rotational hardening is incorporated into the model in a theoretically reasonable manner by introducing the dual multiplicative decompositions of the deformation gradient tensor. In addition to the usual decomposition into elastic and plastic parts, the plastic part is decomposed further into a part contributing to the rotational hardening and a remainder part. The former part leads to a back stress ratio tensor related to the rotational hardening via a hyperelastic‐type hardening rule. The constitutive theory is thereby formulated on proper intermediate configurations entirely in terms of deformation‐like tensorial variables possessing invariance property, without resort to any objective rates of stress or stress‐like variables. Combining the Cam‐clay plasticity with the concept of subloading surface, a class of unconventional plasticity, enables the model to be capable of reproducing complex hardening/softening accompanied by volumetric contractive/dilative responses. Basic characteristics and predictive capability of the proposed model, as well as the accuracy of the developed numerical scheme, are verified through several numerical examples including monotonic and cyclic loadings.
Urinary FABP1 is a biomarker for impaired proximal tubular protein reabsorption and is synergistically enhanced by concurrent liver injury
Authors: Kawakami Ryo , Matsui Miki , Konno Ayumu , Kaneko Ryosuke , Shrestha Shreya , Shrestha Suman , Sunaga Hiroaki , Hanaoka Hirofumi , Goto Sawako , Hosojima Michihiro , Kabasawa Hideyuki , Obokata Masaru , Koitabashi Norimichi , Matsui Hiroki , Sasaki Tsutomu , Saito Akihiko , Yanagita Motoko , Hirai Hirokazu , Kurabayashi Masahiko , Iso Tatsuya
Published: August 2021

Urinary fatty acid binding protein 1 (FABP1, also known as liver‐type FABP) has been implicated as a biomarker of acute kidney injury (AKI) in humans. However, the precise biological mechanisms underlying its elevation remain elusive. Here, we show that urinary FABP1 primarily reflects impaired protein reabsorption in proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs). Bilateral nephrectomy resulted in a marked increase in serum FABP1 levels, suggesting that the kidney is an essential organ for removing serum FABP1. Injected recombinant FABP1 was filtered through the glomeruli and robustly reabsorbed via the apical membrane of PTECs. Urinary FABP1 was significantly elevated in mice devoid of megalin, a giant endocytic receptor for protein reabsorption. Elevation of urinary FABP1 was also observed in patients with Dent disease, a rare genetic disease characterized by defective megalin function in PTECs. Urinary FABP1 levels were exponentially increased following acetaminophen overdose, with both nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity observed. FABP1‐deficient mice with liver‐specific overexpression of FABP1 showed a massive increase in urinary FABP1 levels upon acetaminophen injection, indicating that urinary FABP1 is liver‐derived. Lastly, we employed transgenic mice expressing diphtheria toxin receptor (DT‐R) either in a hepatocyte‐ or in a PTEC‐specific manner, or both. Upon administration of diphtheria toxin (DT), massive excretion of urinary FABP1 was induced in mice with both kidney and liver injury, while mice with either injury type showed marginal excretion. Collectively, our data demonstrated that intact PTECs have a considerable capacity to reabsorb liver‐derived FABP1 through a megalin‐mediated mechanism. Thus, urinary FABP1, which is synergistically enhanced by concurrent liver injury, is a biomarker for impaired protein reabsorption in AKI. These findings address the use of urinary FABP1 as a biomarker of histologically injured PTECs that secrete FABP1 into primary urine, and suggest the use of this biomarker to simultaneously monitor impaired tubular reabsorption and liver function. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Comparative study of far‐field pyroshock responses of epoxy laminated composite panels
Authors: E. Mohamed Najeeb , M. Murugan
Published: August 2021

The experimental study on far‐field pyroshock responses of carbon/glass/Kevlar‐epoxy composite panels are presented in this article. Bi‐Plate Technology is used to conduct all the experiments on different combination of carbon, E‐glass, and Kevlar composite panel parameters, with epoxy resin as matrix. The structural responses computed from the acceleration–time histories are analyzed. Low range of chamber pressure and projectiles of three different lengths are used to carry out the experiments so that the far‐field response of the test panel is ensured. PCB accelerometers and NI‐DAQ system are used to capture the accelerations of panel at selected locations. Among all the composite panels, the one which is of Kevlar‐epoxy laminate shows the least acceleration because the said material has high vibrational energy absorption rate. The glass‐epoxy laminate being higher mass rate shows the intermediate category and the carbon‐epoxy accelerates itself the most. Hence, these types of fibers may be utilized in appropriate areas according to their degree of acceleration to minimize the effect of the far‐field pyroshock response.
Correction to: Animals in Our Midst: The Challenges of Co-existing with Animals in the Anthropocene
Authors: Bovenkerk Bernice , Keulartz Jozef
Published: August 2021

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Exploring the Role of Manufacturing Parameters on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Using PETG
Authors: Özen Arda , Abali Bilen Emek , Völlmecke Christina , Gerstel Jonathan , Auhl Dietmar
Published: August 2021

Additive manufacturing develops rapidly, especially, fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the economical methods with moderate tolerances and high design flexibility. Ample studies are being undertaken for modeling the mechanical characteristics of FDM by using the Finite Element Method (FEM). Even in use of amorphous materials, FDM creates anisotropic structures effected by the chosen manufacturing parameters. In order to investigate these process-related characteristics and tailored properties of FDM structures, we prepare FDM-printed poly(ethylene terephthalate) glycol (PETG) samples with different process parameters. Mechanical and optical characterizations are carried out. We develop 2D-digital-image-correlation code with machine learning algorithm, namely K-means cluster, to analyze microstructures (contact surfaces, the changes in fiber shapes) and calculate porosity. By incorporating these characteristics, we draw CAD images. A digital twin of mechanical laboratory tests are realized by the FEM. We use computational homogenization approach for obtaining the effective properties of the FDM-related anisotropic structure. These simulations are validated by experimental characterizations. In this regard, a systematic methodology is presented for acquiring the anisotropy from the process related inner substructure (microscale) to the material response at the homogenized length scale (macroscale). We found out that the layer thickness and overlap ratio parameters significantly alter the microstructures and thereby, stiffness of the macroscale properties.

Graphical Abstract
Can mechanical circulatory support be an effective treatment for HFpEF patients?
Authors: Gude Einar , Fiane Arnt E.
Published: August 2021

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is increasing in prevalence and represents approximately 50% of all heart failure (HF) patients. Patients with this complex clinical scenario, characterized by high filling pressures, and reduced cardiac output (CO) associated with progressive multi-organ involvement, have so far not experienced any significant improvement in quality of life or survival with traditional HF treatment. Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) have offered a new treatment alternative in terminal heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), providing a unique combination of significant pressure and volume unloading together with an increase in CO. The small left ventricular cavity in HFpEF patients challenges left-sided pressure unloading, and new anatomical entry points need to be explored for mechanical pressure and volume unloading. Optimized and pressure/volume-adjusted mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices for HFrEF patients may conceivably be customized for HFpEF anatomy and hemodynamics. We have developed a long-term MCS device for HFpEF patients with atrial unloading in a pulsed algorithm, leading to a significant reduction of filling pressure, maintenance of pulse pressure, and increase in CO demonstrated in animal testing. In this article, we will discuss HFpEF pathology, hemodynamics, and the principles behind our novel MCS device that may improve symptoms and prognosis in HFpEF patients. Data from mock-loop hemolysis studies, acute, and chronic animal studies will be presented.
Price-based regulation of oligopolistic markets under discrete choice models of demand
Authors: Bortolomiol Stefano , Lurkin Virginie , Bierlaire Michel
Published: August 2021

We propose a framework to find optimal price-based policies to regulate markets characterized by oligopolistic competition and in which consumers make a discrete choice among a finite set of alternatives. The framework accommodates general discrete choice models available in the literature in order to capture heterogeneous consumer behavior. In our work, consumers are utility maximizers and are modeled according to random utility theory. Suppliers are modeled as profit maximizers, according to the traditional microeconomic treatment. Market competition is modeled as a non-cooperative game, for which an approximate equilibrium solution is sought. Finally, the regulator can affect the behavior of all other agents by giving subsidies or imposing taxes to consumers. In transport markets, economic instruments might target specific alternatives, to reduce externalities such as congestion or emissions, or specific segments of the population, to achieve social welfare objectives. In public policy, different agents have different individual or social objectives, possibly conflicting, which must be taken into account within a social welfare function. We present a mixed integer optimization model to find optimal policies subject to supplier profit maximization and consumer utility maximization constraints. Then, we propose a model-based heuristic approach based on the fixed-point iteration algorithm that finds an approximate equilibrium solution for the market. Numerical experiments on an intercity travel case study show how the regulator can optimize its decisions under different scenarios.
Medicamenteuze behandeling van de overactieve blaas: het heden en de toekomst
Authors: Witte L. P. W. , Michel Martin C.
Published: August 2021

Samenvatting

Muscarine-receptorantagonisten en de β3-agonist mirabegron vormen de basis van de medicamenteuze behandeling van het overactieveblaassyndroom (OAB). De effectiviteit van muscarine-receptorantagonisten en mirabegron is vergelijkbaar en de combinatie solifenacine en mirabegron is minimaal effectiever dan dezelfde middelen als monotherapie. De bijwerkingen van antimuscarinica zijn onder andere een droge mond en obstipatie en die van mirabegron zijn vergelijkbaar met placebo. Weinig patiënten gebruiken deze middelen langdurig vanwege een gebrek aan effectiviteit ervan en vanwege de bijwerkingen. Er lijken op dit moment geen middelen met een nieuw werkingsmechanisme in ontwikkeling te zijn en de kans is klein daar op korte termijn verandering in komt. Omdat OAB een symptoomcomplex is, met mogelijk verschillende onderliggende pathologieën en symptoomcombinaties, is het onwaarschijnlijk dat nieuwe middelen duidelijk effectiever zullen zijn. De belangrijkste prioriteiten voor de toekomst zijn niet alleen de ontdekking van nieuwe therapeutische targets, maar ook identificatie van subgroepen met dezelfde symptomatologie of onderliggende pathologie. Biomarkers zouden een rol kunnen spelen bij deze zoektocht.
Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical Exposures in Pregnancy: a Sensitive Window for Later-Life Cardiometabolic Health in Women
Authors: Barrett Emily S. , Groth Susan W. , Preston Emma V. , Kinkade Carolyn , James-Todd Tamarra
Published: August 2021

Purpose of Review

Pregnancy can be seen as a “stress test” with complications predicting later-life cardiovascular disease risk. Here, we review the growing epidemiological literature evaluating environmental endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) exposure in pregnancy in relation to two important cardiovascular disease risk factors, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and maternal obesity.

Recent Findings

Overall, evidence of EDC-maternal cardiometabolic associations was mixed. The most consistent associations were observed for phenols and maternal obesity, as well as for perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) with hypertensive disorders. Research on polybrominated flame retardants and maternal cardiometabolic outcomes is limited, but suggestive.

Although numerous studies evaluated pregnancy outcomes, few evaluated the postpartum period or assessed chemical mixtures. Overall, there is a need to better understand whether pregnancy exposure to these chemicals could contribute to adverse cardiometabolic health outcomes in women, particularly given that cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women.
Exploring Predictors of Social Distancing Compliance in the United States during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hansen Alexa C , Farewell Charlotte V , Jewell Jennifer S , Leiferman Jenn A
Published: August 2021

Objective:

Through the application of the Health Belief Model, this study sought to explore how relationships between perceived susceptibility, severity, and benefits of social distancing recommendations, as well as psychological factors, may impact compliance with COVID-19 social distancing recommendations in the United States.

Methods:

Between October and November 2020, a convenience sample of English-speaking adults in the United States completed an online, cross-sectional survey which included items assessing beliefs around threats (e.g., perceived susceptibility and severity), response efficacy (e.g., perceived benefits), psychological factors (e.g., stress and COVID-specific anxiety), and compliance with social distancing measures (e.g., avoiding social gatherings).

Results:

Social distancing compliance was positively associated with perceived susceptibility of COVID-19 (b = 0.42, P < 0.05) and perceived benefits of social distancing recommendations (b = 0.81, P < 0.01). No significant associations were found between perceived severity of COVID-19 (P = 0.38), general stress (P = 0.28), COVID-19-related anxiety (P = 0.12), and compliance.

Conclusions:

Findings suggest that perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 and perceived benefits of social distancing measures significantly increased compliance with social distancing recommendations in this convenience sample of U.S. adults.
Long-term association between diet quality and characteristics of the gut microbiome in the multiethnic cohort study
Authors: Ma Erica , Maskarinec Gertraud , Lim Unhee , Boushey Carol J. , Wilkens Lynne R. , Setiawan V. Wendy , Le Marchand Loïc , Randolph Timothy W. , Jenkins Isaac C. , Curtis Keith R. , Lampe Johanna W. , Hullar Meredith A.J.
Published: August 2021

As past usual diet quality may affect gut microbiome (GM) composition, we examined the association of the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 assessed 21 and 9 years before stool collection with measures of fecal microbial composition in a subset of the Multiethnic Cohort. A total of 5936 participants completed a validated quantitative FFQ (QFFQ) at cohort entry (Q1, 1993–1996), 5280 at follow-up (Q3, 2003–2008) and 1685 also at a second follow-up (Adiposity Phenotype Study (APS), 2013–2016). All participants provided a stool sample in 2013–2016. Fecal microbial composition was obtained from 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V1–V3 regions). HEI-2015 scores were computed based on each QFFQ. Using linear regression adjusted for relevant covariates, we calculated associations of HEI-2015 scores with gut microbial diversity and 152 individual genera. The mean HEI-2015 scores increased from Q1 (67 (sd 10)) to Q3 (71 (sd 11)) and APS (72 (sd 10)). Alpha diversity assessed by the Shannon Index was significantly higher with increasing tertiles of HEI-2015. Of the 152 bacterial genera tested, seven (Anaerostipes, Coprococcus_2, Eubacterium eligens, Lachnospira, Lachnospiraceae_ND3007, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-013 and Ruminococcus_1) were positively and five (Collinsella, Parabacteroides, Ruminiclostridium_5, Ruminococcus gnavus and Tyzzerella) were inversely associated with HEI-2015 assessed in Q1, Q3 and APS. The estimates of change per unit of the HEI-2015 score associated with the abundance of these twelve genera were consistent across the three questionnaires. The quality of past diet, assessed as far as ∼20 years before stool collection, is equally predictive of GM composition as concurrently assessed diet, indicative of the long-term consistency of this relation.
Plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 responses to ingestion of protein with increasing doses of milk minerals rich in calcium
Authors: Watkins Jonathan D. , Smith Harry A. , Hengist Aaron , Brunsgaard Lise Høj , Mikkelsen Ulla Ramer , Koumanov Francoise , Betts James A. , Gonzalez Javier T.
Published: August 2021

A high dose of whey protein hydrolysate fed with milk minerals rich in calcium (Capolac®) results in enhanced glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations in lean individuals; however, the effect of different calcium doses ingested alongside protein is unknown. The present study assessed the dose response of calcium fed alongside 25 g whey protein hydrolysate on GLP-1 concentrations in individuals with overweight/obesity. Eighteen adults (mean ±sd: 8M/10F, 34 ± 18 years, 28·2 ± 2·9 kgm−2) completed four trials in a randomised, double-blind, crossover design. Participants consumed test solutions consisting of 25 g whey protein hydrolysate (CON), supplemented with 3179 mg (LOW), 6363 mg (MED) or 9547 mg (HIGH) Capolac®on different occasions, separated by at least 48 h. The calcium content of test solutions equated to 65, 892, 1719 and 2547 mg, respectively. Arterialised-venous blood was sampled over 180 min to determine plasma concentrations of GLP-1TOTAL, GLP-17–36amide, insulin, glucose, NEFA, and serum concentrations of calcium and albumin.Ad libitumenergy intake was measured at 180 min. Time–averaged incremental AUC (iAUC) for GLP-1TOTAL(pmol·l−1·min−1) did not differ between CON (23 ± 4), LOW (25 ± 6), MED (24 ± 5) and HIGH (24 ± 6). Energy intake (kcal) did not differ between CON (940 ± 387), LOW (884 ± 345), MED (920 ± 334) and HIGH (973 ± 390). Co-ingestion of whey protein hydrolysate with Capolac®does not potentiate GLP-1 release in comparison with whey protein hydrolysate alone. The study was registered at clinical trials (NCT03819972).
Reimagining the World: Decolonisation and the Promise of Development
Authors: Calori Anna , Spaskovska Ljubica
Published: August 2021

The 1975 World Conference on Women marked the beginning of the United Nations Decade for Women. The conference report, written soon afterwards, underlined that ‘the issue of inequality that affects the vast majority of women of the world is closely linked with the problem of under-development which exists as a result not only of unsuitable internal structures but also of a profoundly unjust world economic system’. This type of holistic and more radical understanding of (under)development has usually been lost in mainstream accounts of the history of development as a colonial endeavour or as a Western-imposed set of values and templates rooted in modernisation theory. A recent wave of scholarship, however, has sought to recover the agency of the ‘Global South’ in the history of internationalism and development, uncovering the plurality of internationalisms and the variety of political imaginaries that shaped twentieth-century ideas of development.
Seed germination ecology of Sumatran fleabane (Conyza sumatrensis) in relations to various environmental parameters
Authors: Mahajan Gulshan , Prasad Ashneel , Chauhan Bhagirath Singh
Published: August 2021

Sumatran fleabane [Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) Walker] is an emerging weed in the Australian cropping region. Populations resistant to glyphosate have evolved in Australia, creating the demand for information regarding the seed germination ecology of glyphosate-resistant (R) and glyphosate-susceptible (S) populations of C. sumatrensis. A study was conducted to examine the effects of temperature, light intensity, salt stress, osmotic stress, and burial depth on the germination and emergence of two populations (R and S) of C. sumatrensis. Both populations were able to germinate over a wide range of alternating day/night temperatures (15/5 to 35/25 C). In light/dark conditions, the R population had higher germination than the S population at 20/10 and 35/25 C. In the dark, the R population had higher germination than the S population at 25/15 C. In the dark, germination was inhibited at 30/20 C and above. Averaged over populations, seed germination of C. sumatrensis was reduced by 97% at zero light intensity (completely dark conditions) compared with full light intensity. Seed germination of C. sumatrensis was reduced by 17% and 85% at osmotic potentials of −0.4, and −0.8 MPa, respectively, compared with the control treatment. The R population had lower germination (57%) than the S population (72%) at a sodium chloride concentration of 80 mM. Seed germination was highest on the soil surface and emergence was reduced by 87% and 90% at burial depths of 0.5 and 1.0 cm, respectively. Knowledge gained from this study suggests that a shallow-tillage operation to bury weed seeds in conventional tillage systems and retention of high residue cover on the soil surface in zero-till systems may inhibit the germination of C. sumatrensis. This study also warrants that the R population may have a greater risk of invasion over a greater part of a year due to germination over a broader temperature range.
Single dose rVSVΔG-JUNVGP vaccine protects guinea pigs against lethal Junin virus challenge
Authors: Sorvillo Teresa E. , Cross Robert W. , Johnson Dylan M. , Dobias Natalie S. , Fenton Karla A. , Mire Chad E. , Geisbert Thomas W.
Published: August 2021

Junin virus (JUNV) is a pathogen of biodefense importance due to its potential for aerosol transmission and mortality rates reaching 30%. Currently, there are no JUNV vaccines licensed by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for at-risk individuals. A vaccine based on recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) has been effectively used to prevent Ebola virus disease in humans. Here, we evaluated the protective efficacy of a rVSV expressing the JUNV glycoprotein (rVSVΔG-JUNVGP) in a guinea pig model of lethal JUNV disease. Two groups of guinea pigs, one prime and one prime-boost, were vaccinated with rVSVΔG-JUNVGP; six control animals remained unvaccinated. Survival for prime and prime-boost vaccinated animals was 100% while the challenge virus was uniformly lethal in all control animals. Animals in both vaccine groups developed robust, high avidity IgG antibody titers post-vaccination as well as detectable neutralizing antibodies while control animals failed to develop detectable antibody responses. This study demonstrates for the first time that rVSV expressing the JUNV GP fully protects guinea pigs from lethal JUNV challenge with a single injection vaccine.
Emotional representations of space vary as a function of peoples’ affect and interoceptive sensibility
Authors: Galvez-Pol Alejandro , Nadal Marcos , Kilner James M.
Published: August 2021

Most research on people’s representation of space has focused on spatial appraisal and navigation. But there is more to space besides navigation and assessment: people have different emotional experiences at different places, which create emotionally tinged representations of space. Little is known about the emotional representation of space and the factors that shape it. The purpose of this study was to develop a graphic methodology to study the emotional representation of space and some of the environmental features (non-natural vs. natural) and personal features (affective state and interoceptive sensibility) that modulate it. We gave participants blank maps of the region where they lived and asked them to apply shade where they had happy/sad memories, and where they wanted to go after Covid-19 lockdown. Participants also completed self-reports on affective state and interoceptive sensibility. By adapting methods for analyzing neuroimaging data, we examined shaded pixels to quantify where and how strong emotions are represented in space. The results revealed that happy memories were consistently associated with similar spatial locations. Yet, this mapping response varied as a function of participants’ affective state and interoceptive sensibility. Certain regions were associated with happier memories in participants whose affective state was more positive and interoceptive sensibility was higher. The maps of happy memories, desired locations to visit after lockdown, and regions where participants recalled happier memories as a function of positive affect and interoceptive sensibility overlayed significantly with natural environments. These results suggest that people’s emotional representations of their environment are shaped by the naturalness of places, and by their affective state and interoceptive sensibility.
Failure of diffusion-weighted imaging in intraoperative 3 Tesla MRI to identify hyperacute strokes during glioma surgery
Authors: Voglis Stefanos , Hiller Aimee , Hofer Anna-Sophie , Tosic Lazar , Bozinov Oliver , Regli Luca , Serra Carlo
Published: August 2021

Intraoperatively acquired diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences in cranial tumor surgery are used for early detection of ischemic brain injuries, which could result in impaired neurological outcome and their presence might thus influence the neurosurgeon’s decision on further resection. The phenomenon of false-negative DWI findings in intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (ioMRI) has only been reported in single cases and therefore yet needs to be further analyzed. This retrospective single-center study’s objective was the identification and characterization of false-negative DWI findings in ioMRI with new or enlarged ischemic areas on postoperative MRI (poMRI). Out of 225 cranial tumor surgeries with intraoperative DWI sequences, 16 cases with no additional resection after ioMRI and available in-time poMRI (< 14 days) were identified. Of these, a total of 12 cases showed false-negative DWI in ioMRI (75%). The most frequent tumor types were oligodendrogliomas and glioblastomas (4 each). In 5/12 cases (41.7%), an ischemic area was already present in ioMRI, however, volumetrically increased in poMRI (mean infarct growth + 2.1 cm3; 0.48–3.6), whereas 7 cases (58.3%) harbored totally new infarcts on poMRI (mean infarct volume 0.77 cm3; 0.05–1.93). With this study we provide the most comprehensive series of false-negative DWI findings in ioMRI that were not followed by additional resection. Our study underlines the limitations of intraoperative DWI sequences for the detection and size-estimation of hyperacute infarction. The awareness of this phenomenon is crucial for any neurosurgeon utilizing ioMRI.
Entropy optimized dissipative flow of hybrid nanofluid in the presence of non-linear thermal radiation and Joule heating
Authors: Xia Wei-Feng , Hafeez M. U. , Khan M. Ijaz , Shah Nehad Ali , Chung Jae Dong
Published: August 2021

Present article reads three dimensional flow analysis of incompressible viscous hybrid nanofluid in a rotating frame. Ethylene glycol is used as a base liquid while nanoparticles are of copper and silver. Fluid is bounded between two parallel surfaces in which the lower surface stretches linearly. Fluid is conducting hence uniform magnetic field is applied. Effects of non-linear thermal radiation, Joule heating and viscous dissipation are entertained. Interesting quantities namely surface drag force and Nusselt number are discussed. Rate of entropy generation is examined. Bvp4c numerical scheme is used for the solution of transformed O.D.Es. Results regarding various flow parameters are obtained via bvp4c technique in MATLAB Software version 2019, and displayed through different plots. Our obtained results presents that velocity field decreases with respect to higher values of magnetic parameter, Reynolds number and rotation parameter. It is also observed that the temperature field boots subject to radiation parameter. Results are compared with Ishak et al. (Nonlinear Anal R World Appl 10:2909–2913, 2009) and found very good agreement with them. This agreement shows that the results are 99.99% match with each other.
The Effects of Surface Properties on the Antimicrobial Activity and Biotoxicity of Metal Biomaterials and Coatings
Authors: Whitehead Kathryn A. , El Mohtadi Mohamed , Slate Anthony J. , Vaidya Misha , Wilson-Nieuwenhuis Joels
Published: August 2021

Biomaterial-related infection has serious consequences since it compromises the function and durability of many fixation devices and joints. This impacts the physiological and psychological wellbeing of the patient, and results in increased costs and an increased burden on resources. Antimicrobial metal and alloy surfaces and coatings are becoming commonplace as a potential solution to reduce the risk of biomaterial-related infection. However, despite much research and advances in the development of biomaterials made from metals and alloys, infection rates continue to rise. The development of antimicrobial biomaterials is difficult, since there are a number of factors that influence antimicrobial activity, and these factors also invariably affect the biotoxicity of the implant. Such factors include the surface properties (topography, chemistry and physicochemistry) and where the implant is to be positioned in the body (e.g., open or closed environment). Furthermore, the type of surface and biological factors will influence the deposition of proteins and biomolecules from the surrounding milieu, and their orientation on the surface. The adsorption of the conditioning film onto the surface can also affect interactions between the bacteria and the biomaterial interface. The interaction between the environment and the metal or alloy surface will also affect the corrosion rates of the material. In addition, differences in the bacterial genus and species also influence the antimicrobial efficacy of the biomaterial. Consideration must be given to obtain a balance between the optimal surface properties to maintain the structural integrity of the implant, reduce bacterial binding, induce the antimicrobial activity, and ensure that the biomaterial has minimal cytotoxic effects. This chapter considers the effects of the surface properties of metal surfaces and alloys on microbial binding and the subsequent antimicrobial and biotoxicity properties of metal and alloy biomaterials.
Photo-irradiation tunes highly active sites over β-Ni(OH)2 nanosheets for the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Liao Chengan , Xiao Ziyi , Zhang Ning , Liang Bo , Chen Gen , Wu Wei , Pan Jianglin , Liu Min , Zheng Xiang-Rong , Kang Qing , Cao Xianwu , Liu Xiaohe , Ma Renzhi
Published: August 2021

A facile photo-irradiation method is developed to tune active sites over β-Ni(OH)2 nanosheets for enhanced electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction.
Integration of organic and inorganic photothermal probes for enhanced photothermometric sensing of silver ions
Authors: Huang Huiyi , Rao Honghong , Zhang Xinyuan , Wang Rongji , Wei Mingming , Xue Xin , Luo Mingyue , Xue Zhonghua , Lu Xiaoquan
Published: August 2021

A simple enhanced photothermometric sensor of Ag+ based on an effective integration of inorganic and organic photothermal probes.
Unraveling the growth mechanism of W18O49nanowires on W surfaces
Authors: Bandi Suresh , Srivastav Ajeet K.
Published: August 2021

This work unravels the solid-state growth mechanism of 1dW18O49nanowires on W surfaces under a water vapor atmosphere. Such growth was understood to be the intermediate WO3layer formation and its reduction induced planar faults driven 1dsolid-state growth.
Vapor phase dealloying-driven synthesis of bulk nanoporous cobalt with a face-centered cubic structure
Authors: Shi Yujun , Wang Yu , Yang Wanfeng , Qin Jingyu , Bai Qingguo , Zhang Zhonghua
Published: August 2021

The VPA–VPD strategy successfully realizes the fabrication of bulk nanoporous FCC-Co because of the temperature effect and size influence.
Molecular mechanisms of resveratrol and EGCG in the inhibition of Aβ42 aggregation and disruption of Aβ42 protofibril: similarities and differences
Authors: Li Fangying , Zhan Chendi , Dong Xuewei , Wei Guanghong
Published: August 2021

Molecular dynamic simulations reveal the mechanistic similarities and differences of RSV and EGCG in inhibiting Aβ42 aggregation and disrupting protofibril.
σ–Hole activation and structural changes upon perfluorination of aryl halides: direct evidence from gas phase rotational spectroscopy
Authors: Lv Dingding , Maris Assimo , Evangelisti Luca , Maggio Andrea , Song Wentao , Elliott Ashley A. , Peebles Sean A. , Neill Justin L. , Muckle Matt T. , Pate Brooks H. , Peebles Rebecca A. , Melandri Sonia
Published: August 2021

Increased σ–hole in perfluorinated aryl halides was demonstrated by the calculations of electrostatic potential and the quantification of the halogen p-orbitals populations, obtained from the experimental value of quadrupole coupling tensor.
Wetting-regulated gas-involving (photo)electrocatalysis: biomimetics in energy conversion
Authors: Liu Guanyu , Wong William S. Y. , Kraft Markus , Ager Joel W. , Vollmer Doris , Xu Rong
Published: August 2021

This review is dedicated to bridging the fields of wetting and catalysis by introducing the fundamentals of various in-air/underwater wetting states and reviewing the cutting-edge design methodologies of corresponding (photo)electrocatalytic systems.
Polarity-based fluorescence probes: properties and applications
Authors: Qin Xiaojun , Yang Xingye , Du Lupei , Li Minyong
Published: August 2021

Polarity-sensitive fluorophores can change their fluorescence properties in response to the polarity of local surroundings, such as excitation and emission wavelength (λex, and λem), fluorescence quantum yield (Φf), fluorescence lifetime and so on.
Self-assembly of copper nanoclusters: isomeric ligand effect on morphological evolution
Authors: Kolay Sarita , Maity Subarna , Bain Dipankar , Chakraborty Sikta , Patra Amitava
Published: August 2021

Uncovering the chemistry behind the self-assembly of copper nanoclusters: cuprophilic, π–π stacking, and agostic interactions are elicited to arrange into ordered rods, platelets, and ribbon-like structures.
Theoretical investigation of the effect of hydrogen bonding on the stereoselectivity of the Diels–Alder reaction
Authors: Taherinia Davood , Mahmoodi M. Mohsen , Fattahi Alireza
Published: August 2021

Here, we report the computational prediction of highexoselectivities in a series of Diels–Alder reactions with H-bonding interaction.
Theoretical study on adiabatic electron affinity of fatty acids
Authors: Yang Yaxin , Zheng Wenrui , Xie Hongyun , Ren Lufei , Xu Xiaofei , Liang Yingning
Published: August 2021

The AEA of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids with typical substituents were calculated by the ωB97X method.
Cunlanceloic acids A–D: unprecedented labdane diterpenoid dimers with AChE inhibitory and cytotoxic activities from Cunninghamia lanceolata
Authors: Wu Xing-De , Ding Lin-Fen , Chen Bin , Li Xiao-Nian , Peng Li-Yan , Zhao Qin-Shi
Published: August 2021

Four unprecedented labdane diterpenoid dimers with new carbon skeletons, cunlanceloic acids A–D (1–4), were isolated from the cones of Cunninghamia lanceolata.
Renewable dimethyl carbonate for tertiary amine quaternisation: kinetic measurements and process optimisation
Authors: Kleijwegt Roel J. T. , Henricks Vera C. , Winkenwerder Wyatt , Baan Wim , van der Schaaf John
Published: August 2021

This paper has successfully optimised tertiary amine quaternisation with dimethyl carbonate. Intensification of the conventionally quite moderate operating conditions has resulted in substantially higher production capacities.
Making a Case for Studying Gender-Neutral Pronouns in Speech-Language Pathology
Authors: Shotwell Sarah , Sheng Li
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to review current policies and research in the field of speech-language pathology in regard to targeting gender-neutral pronouns in language therapy and propose further research on the topic.

Method

Official documents from the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association for the practice of speech-language pathology were searched for information about pediatric language therapy and ethical requirements of practice as they relate to targeting gender-neutral pronouns in treatment.

Conclusions

Based on the current standards, it is ethical and within the scope of practice for speech-language pathologists to target gender-neutral pronouns in language treatment. Research on the topic is needed to establish evidence-based practice guidelines. Recommendations are provided for potential research questions and methodologies.
Convective blueshift strengths of 810 F to M solar-type stars
Authors: Liebing F. , Jeffers S. V. , Reiners A. , Zechmeister M.
Published: August 2021

Context. The detection of Earth-mass exoplanets in the habitable zone around solar-mass stars using the radial velocity technique requires extremely high precision, on the order of 10 cm s−1. This puts the required noise floor below the intrinsic variability of even relatively inactive stars, such as the Sun. One such variable is convective blueshift varying temporally, spatially, and between spectral lines.

Aims. We develop a new approach for measuring convective blueshift and determine the strength of convective blueshift for 810 stars observed by the HARPS spectrograph, spanning spectral types late-F, G, K, and early-M. We derive a model for infering blueshift velocity for lines of any depth in later-type stars of any effective temperature.

Methods. Using a custom list of spectral lines, covering a wide range of absorption depths, we create a model for the line-core shift as a function of line depth, commonly known as the third signature of granulation. For this we utilize an extremely-high-resolution solar spectrum (R ~ 1 000 000) to empirically account for the nonlinear nature of the third signature. The solar third signature is then scaled to all 810 stars. Through this we obtain a measure of the convective blueshift relative to the Sun as a function of stellar effective temperature.

Results. We confirm the general correlation of increasing convective blueshift with effective temperature and establish a tight, cubic relation between the two that strongly increases for stars above ~5800 K. For stars between ~4100 and ~4700 K we show, for the first time, a plateau in convective shift and a possible onset of a plateau for stars above 6000 K. Stars below ~4000 K show neither blueshift nor redshift. We provide a table that lists expected blueshift velocities for each spectral subtype in the data set to quickly access the intrinsic noise floor through convective blueshift for the radial velocity technique.
Condition Monitoring and Predictive Maintenance of Process Equipments
Authors: Deshmukh Manthan , Dumbre Rohan , Anekar Shubham , Kulkarni Heramb , Pawar Sushant
Published: August 2021

Industry 4.0 the proclaimed fourth industrial revolution is unfolding at the moment. It is characterized by interconnectedness and vast amounts of available information. Industrial production has evolved enormously over the last centuries due to modern instruments. Hence issue of the instrument failure is very paramount in any industry. Even if one machine fails it halts the whole production. Overall, it may cost us with more man-hours, project delay, process latency and all this sums up as a huge loss. The life of the instruments should be taken care by continuously monitoring its health. Any faulty or unnatural disturbance in usage of the instrument may lead to its failure. Every instrument needs proper maintenance, even with the slight negligence towards the anomaly it may lead to instrument failure. In, predictive maintenance historic data is utilized and analyzed with the help of advance analytics and modelling techniques using Machine learning, moreover we can predict failures and can schedule the maintenance beforehand and predict failure in advance. With the help of relevant sensor dataset, we can estimate the remaining runtime of the instruments. This maintenance approach helps to lower the costs which are incurred due to system shut downs. It also ease the scheduling and maintenance activities.In this work, three different industrial case studies are considered like shell and tube type heat exchanger, plate type heat exchanger, and semiconductor manufacturing process.Here the predictive maintenance is carried out for heat exchanger by utilizing the concept of multi linear regression and time series analysis. For the semiconductor manufacturing dataset, support vector machine algorithm is implemented to find out the good and bad quality of semiconductor production slots.
EEG Signal Enhancement Using OWA Filter
Authors: Yadav Soham , Pawar Jeevika , Patil Girish , Agarwal Shivangi
Published: August 2021

Biomedical signal monitoring and recording are an integral part of medical diagnosis and treatment control mechanisms. For this, enhanced signals with appropriate peak preservation are required. The OWA (OrderedWeighted Aggregation) Filter used in this paper helps in non-linear signal filtering and preservation of peaks for accurate medical diagnosis. Weights are an important aspect of the OWA filter, the Gaussian method and the KDE (Kernel Density Estimation) function are used to obtain a precise output which helps in filtering the signal. This filter is further compared with another non-linear filter that is the median filter to understand the compatibility and the preciseness of the filter in a much deeper sense.

OWA | filter | peak | kernel density estimation | probability density | EPD (Estimated Probability Density)
Analysis of GPU Computation of Parabolic, Bessel, Wright and Riemann Zeta Functions
Authors: Jadhav Ashish A. , Kalamkar Abhijeet D. , Gaikwad Pritish A. , Vyawahare Vishwesh , Singhaniya Navin
Published: August 2021

This paper deals with GPU computing of special mathematical functions that are used in Fractional Calculus. The graphics processing unit (GPU) has grown to be an integral part of nowadays’s mainstream computing structures. The special mathematical functions are an integral part of Fractional Calculus. This paper deals with a novel parallel approach for computing special mathematical functions used in Fractional Calculus. NVIDIA’s GPU hardware is used to speed up the parallel algorithm. A comparison of the sequential code, vectorized code and GPU code is performed. We have successfully reduced the computation time of special mathematical functions using the parallel computing capabilities of GPU.
Covid-19 emergency services and disease prediction system
Authors: Mankala Shreshtha , Patil Nirzara , Rathore Simran , Joshi Jyoti
Published: August 2021

A medical emergency can be referred to as a medical or behavioral condition, which occurs suddenly and has severe symptoms, including severe pain, such that if a person delays medical attention it can cause: (1) loss of life;(2) serious impairment to the person’s body; or (3) serious damage. Admitting a patient to a healthcare is a complex process which should be managed efficiently, which otherwise may cause serious consequences and patient dissatisfaction. The registration aspect of a patient admission is tedious and cumbersome, which is not at all suitable during a medical emergency. There is a need of a system through which user could fill the form for getting admitted to the hospital beforehand in order prevent delay in treatment. After the registration, the goal is to create a web application for hospital staff to manage the patients data. The web application also analyses the types of patients in particular hospital and represent the data in the form of charts. The implementation of this system is carried out with the help of machine learning algorithms which also analyze Covid data and represent it continent wise, predict future cases in India, and conduct Covid detection by chest scan of a patient.
Bionic target localization method based on range-azimuth joint dictionary
Authors: Yang Changsheng , Li Hangbo , Hu Liping , Liang Hong
Published: August 2021

The traditional underwater sonar system usually achieve high angle resolution by increasing array aperture and the number of array elements, but this method will inevitably lead to complex system and high cost. Given that big brown bats have obtained surprisingly high resolution using a simple system, this paper proposes a bionic target localization method. First, a range-azimuth joint dictionary was constructed based on the bionic system of multi-harmonic emission and double random array reception. Then, the coherence characteristic of the dictionary was analyzed and the range and azimuth of the target were estimated, and at last the experimental verification was completed. The results show that the bionic range-azimuth joint estimation based on sparse signal representation can achieve high-precision target localization under the condition of echo high aliasing.