bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of results of Black Sea level modeling to the choice of boundary conditions on the free surface
Authors: Demyshev S G , Dymova O A , Miklashevskaya N A
Published: December 2019

This work is devoted to an analysis of the influence of sea surface boundary conditions on results of Black Sea level modeling. Two numerical experiments are carried out by using a z-coordinate model of the Marine Hydrophysical Institute, RAS. A linear kinematic condition on the free surface is used for calculating a level rise in the first experiment and a nonlinear one – in the second experiment. The analysis shows that both experiments reconstruct the Black Sea surface dynamics in accordance with altimetry data. It is found that the sea level near the western boundary of the basin decreases under the nonlinear kinematic condition in cases of storm winds. The greatest differences in the structure of the sea level fields are observed during weakening of the RIM Current in the evolution zones of Sevastopol and Batumi anticyclones. The minimal and maximal values of the level are almost identical in both experiments, but the locations do not match. The discrepancies in the spatial positions of raising/lowering levels are due to a mismatch in the motion phases of anticyclones and mesoscale eddies along the periphery of the RIM Current.
Creation of a long-term high-resolution hydrometeorological archive for the Russian Arctic: methodology and first results
Authors: Platonov Vladimir , Varentsov Mikhail
Published: December 2019

Taking into account that dangerous phenomena on the Arctic coast are increasing in number, providing the region with detailed hydrometeorological and climatic information with a horizontal resolution of at least several kilometers becomes particularly important. In this work, we obtain for the first time a detailed archive of many hydrometeorological parameters with a spatial resolution of less than 5 km based on long-term simulation experiments. Detailed hydrometeorological fields in the Arctic basin over a long period (1980 – 2016) are derived by a two-step downscaling technology with domains of horizontal resolutions of~13 km and ~4 km that cover most of the Russian Artic, by using a regional non-hydrostatic model, COSMO-CLM. First results of verification with hundreds of Russian Arctic stations allow us to select the best configuration of the model and domains, including many turbulent scheme options and starting time of the experiments. The model results for the coast have shown good agreement with observations (with mean errors of 1 - 2 C). The larger temperature biases over the Eastern Siberia inland have been partially reduced by using selected turbulence scheme options (with mean errors of 5 - 6 C to 2 – 3 C). The differences between the ERA-Interim and ERA5 driving conditions are not great. Therefore, the former are chosen as basic reanalysis, taking into account the data volume and limitations on computational resources. A possible future regional reanalysis output would be useful in many applications, e.g. modelling ocean’s characteristics, coastal ecosystems, detailed investigation of individual extreme phenomena in nested domains, analysis of trends in the frequency of occurrence of extreme events and features of their spatial distribution, study of the hydrometeorological regime of coastal areas, the climatology and tracking of polar mesocyclones, etc.
Application of a neural network model to forecasting of El Niño and La Niña
Authors: Lubkov A S , Voskresenskaya E N , Marchukova O V
Published: December 2019

In this paper, a possibility to forecast El Niño and La Niña by using an artificial intelligence model based on neural networks is studied. The quality of such a long-term climate forecast is assessed too. A set of global climatic indices of atmosphere-ocean system oscillations in 1950-2019 is used as input parameters of the model. The Nino3.4 index is calculated by using monthly average 500mb geopotential height and sea surface temperature fields from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data sets. A verification of the model is carried out by using a control sample of 1950–1957. Additionally, the same indices of 1872-1947 are calculated by using 20th Century Reanalysis (20CR) data sets to test the model. A possibility to predict the Nino3.4 index for 2 to 7 months is shown. However, in spite of a high-level reconstruction of the index dynamics, increasing the time of forecasting is accompanied by decreasing its quality. With 20CR data it is shown that the model is able to successfully predict the beginning of 75% of El Niño and La Niña for 3 months, 66% of the events for 5 months, and only 52% for 7 months in advance.
Numerical analysis of an inverse coefficient problem for a chemical transformation model
Authors: Penenko A V , Mukatova Zh S , Salimova A B
Published: December 2019

Inverse coefficient problems for a non-stationary chemical transformation model are considered. The objective of this work is to test an approach consisting in reducing the inverse problem to a quasi-linear matrix equation based on sensitivity operators constructed from an ensemble of independent solutions of adjoint equations. A Newton-Kantorovich-type algorithm is used to solve the thus obtained matrix equations. This approach is tested on a chemical transformation scheme with 22 species and 20 reactions. The reconstruction results are compared with several sets of unknown reaction rates according to the influence characteristics. The analysis seems to be useful for selecting sets of reaction rates that can be reconstructed by the inverse problem solution.
Wind projections for the territory of Russia considering the development of wind power
Authors: Fedotova E V
Published: December 2019

The aim of the present work is to obtain surface wind speed projections which could be used as guidelines for long-term planning of wind power construction in Russia. A classical multi-model ensemble approach is implemented by using CMIP5 simulation results. The reliability of the ensemble estimation is assessed by a comparison of three different ensemble versions, which are validated against reanalysis data for the whole 20th century and have been found to give consistent results since 1950. Agreement between the results of all the assembling approaches has been found to be quite good for the mid-twenty-first century. All ensembles being considered agree that a considerable decrease in wind resources should be expected in the European part of Russia and in the south of Western Siberia towards 2050. Another robust output of the analysis is an increase in annual wind speed in the Southern Russian Far East. The wind change during the considered 40-year period is in the range from - 6 to +6%, which means a -18 to +18% change in potential wind generation. The main output of the present work is that climate change by no means can be seen to be an obstacle to the development of renewable power in Russia. However, the climate change associated alteration of wind regime should be necessarily taken into account when establishing long-term plans for wind farm construction in Russia.
Stochastic quasi-Gaussian models of atmospheric clouds
Authors: Kablukova E G , Ogorodnikov V A , Prigarin S M , Yudin M S
Published: December 2019

Random field simulation methods that can be used to simulate the stochastic structure of three-dimensional clouds are discussed. Examples of homogeneous random field realizations that reproduce one-dimensional distributions and correlation functions of experimental fields of stratus optical thicknesses are presented.
High-resolution simulation of particle transport in the urban atmospheric boundary layer
Authors: Varentsov A I , Stepanenko V M , Konstantinov P I
Published: December 2019

This paper presents a model simulating the transport of particles of various sizes and masses in complex atmospheric boundary layer domains over urban areas by using a Lagrangian approach. The model takes input fields of air velocity and turbulence characteristics from various external RANS, LES, or DNS models (in this study, ENVI-met model is used), and includes a parameterization of subgrid stochastic velocity fluctuations. It allows us to estimate the movement of particles, their sedimentation, accumulation on the surface, and the variability of these processes depending on meteorological conditions. The results of test numerical experiments for aerosol transport over an idealized urban canopy are presented. The model has shown a good degree of qualitative conformity with the ENVI-met model.
Analysis of circulation near the coast of Western Crimea and the region of Sevastopol with assimilation of temperature and salinity observations
Authors: Evstigneeva N , Demyshev S
Published: December 2019

Hydrophysical fields which are continuous in time and space are reconstructed in the coastal zone of the Black Sea (near the coast of Western Crimea and the region of Sevastopol) by a three-dimensional nonlinear hydrodynamic model with assimilation of observational data of the 2007 hydrological survey. A sequential optimal interpolation of temperature and salinity observations is used as the assimilation procedure. We use real atmospheric forcing and a high resolution (a horizontal grid of ~1.6×1.6 km and 31 vertical layers from 1 m to 1300 m). Mesoscale features of the currents are obtained, and coastal upwelling in the Kalamitsky Bay is reconstructed and registered in satellite observations.
Long Periods of Increased/Decreased Runoffs of Large Russian Rivers
Authors: Georgiadi A G , Kashutina E A , Milyukova I P
Published: December 2019

Long series of annual and seasonal runoffs of large Russian rivers (the Volga at Volgograd, the Don at Razdorskaya, the Yenisei at Igarka, and the Lena at Kyusyur) since the 1870s for the Russian Plain rivers and since the 1930s for the Siberian rivers have been analyzed. Long periods (phases) of increased and decreased water flow have been identified. The boundaries of contrast phases are determined with cumulative deviation curves in combination with Student’s test. The duration of the phases varies from 20–25 years to many decades (for runoff in low-water seasons of the Volga and Don). For the Volga and Don, the phases of decreased runoff are generally longer than increased flow phases (this is especially true for low-water seasons). The identified contrast phases show a statistically significant difference between the annual and seasonal runoffs, which varies from 10 to 65%. In the phases of increased flow, high-water years occur much more often than low-water years, and vice versa. In the period of current climate warming (since 1981), the changes in annual runoff relative to the calculated runoff of the reference period (from the 1930s to 1980) are opposing, i.e., the runoff decreased in the Don and increased in the Volga, Yenisei, and Lena. In this case, the changes are most significant in the Don. In the period of current climate warming, both the winter and snow-melt flood runoff has increased only for the Lena. At the same time, the contributions of climatic and anthropogenic factors to the changes in runoff differ significantly for each of the rivers under study.
Anthropogenic heat fluxes in urban agglomerations and their impact on meteorological processes
Authors: Ginzburg A S , Dokukin S A
Published: December 2019

One of the main factors of the impact of urbanization on mesoscale atmospheric and climatic processes are the anthropogenic heat fluxes (AHFs) caused by all types of heat sources in urban areas – from industry to metabolism in residents. A calculation of the influence of energy consumption in urban weather and climate made by the COSMO-CLM model with the TERRA-URB scheme shows that anthropogenic heat fluxes have a noticeable effect on urban temperature and wind regime. In Moscow’s agglomeration, the AHF contribution results in an increase of the mean annual temperature by 2°C and of the mean annual wind speed by more than 1 m/s, while the prevailing wind direction changes only slightly.
IMCES Geophysical Observatory for studies of surface-atmosphere interactions
Authors: Gordov E P , Bogomolov V Yu , Dyukarev E A , Okladnikov I G , Smirnov S V
Published: December 2019

Abstarct

This paper describes a geophysical observatory in use at the Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems SB RAS and the data it provides. These data can be used for the development of new parameterizations in an active layer model. This model will allow us to reproduce the physical processes in the soil and on its surface and make a detailed description of the exchanges between the surface and the atmosphere. This, in turn, could significantly increase the reliability of regional weather forecasts, especially of extreme weather events. The anticipated improvement in regional meteorological forecasting, as well as in a variety of characteristics measured at the geophysical observatory and the supporting information infrastructure open up possibilities for novel practical applications. In particular, we plan to use the ongoing measurements and data obtained for agrometeorological applications in Western Siberia.
Role of sea surface warming in convective activity over Europe and Northern Eurasia: estimates with sensitivity model experiments
Authors: Yarinich Yu I , Chernokulsky A V , Semenov V A , Latif M
Published: December 2019

The influence of sea surface warming on convective activity over Europe and Northern Eurasia is estimated from sensitivity model experiments by an atmospheric general circulation model, ECHAM5, with prescribed boundary conditions (“warm” and “cold” sea surface). Convective activity is analysed by using various indices (thermodynamic, dynamic, and composite). It is shown that warmer sea surface leads to a general increase in the thermodynamic indices that is broadly consistent with observations. Particularly, the observed increase in CAPE over the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, and Eastern Europe is well reproduced in the sensitivity experiments. At the same time, the shear and helicity instability indices depend little on sea surface warming. The experiment with only Mediterranean and Black Seas warming tends to overestimate the increase in the thermodynamic indices near these seas and underestimate the increase in the other regions. There are several regions (the Iberian Peninsula, Mongolia, and Northern China) where the observations show a decrease in the convective indices. These negative changes are not reproduced in the model experiments, because their nature is, apparently, not related to sea surface warming.
Using information and computing system “Climate” to raise awareness among the population and decision makers about regional effects of climate change
Authors: Gordova Yu E , Riazanova A A , Titov A G , Gordov E P
Published: December 2019

The effects of global climate change will be most dramatic in the vast Russian territory. According to the Hydrometeorological Center of Russia, there is an increase in the magnitude and frequency of extreme weather events, as well as in their damage to the ecosystems and infrastructure. To develop adaptation to climate change and mitigation of its consequences, it is necessary to promote and support activities aimed at reducing possible risks. However, there is insufficient awareness and lack of scientific background among decision-makers. Persons responsible for making decisions, stakeholders, and the general public do not often have skills and knowledge to work with climate data to elaborate an adaptation and sustainable development strategy. Some new sections of a web-system, “Climate”, are tailored to provide these groups with tools, skills, and thematic information for understanding climate processes occurring in their region. A course is developed where basic concepts are explained in detail for the general public. A climate characteristics database for decision-makers is created to obtain calculated fields of the indices describing spatial distributions of extreme values of meteorological characteristics for the territory of Siberia. For work with any of the indices, it is possible to download the database in various formats for use in various desktop GIS systems.
Implementation of artificial intelligence for analysis of long-term climate variability
Authors: Fedotova E V , Luferov V S
Published: December 2019

A simulation workflow is formulated to facilitate an application of modern data-driven approaches to climate problems by considering both theoretical aspects and modern tools of program implementation. A real supervised classification problem is considered as a use case. A convolutional neural network based model is developed to make the supervised classification of large-scale atmospheric circulation regimes. It has been found that a key prerequisite to ensure the success of the thus developed deep learning model is the proper matching of the data preprocessing and model architecture with the nature of the problem being considered. Particularly, applying of the seasonal anomalies transformation, tuning of the convolutional filters dimension and batch size adjustment have been found to be crucial to ensure a satisfactory accuracy of the regime recognition and a stable operation of the model. The generation of feature maps is demonstrated to be useful both as an interpretability tool and a heuristic approach to tuning of hyperparameters.
Analysis of aridity characteristics in Europe in the last millennium according to calculations with climatic models
Authors: Mirsaeva N A , Eliseev A V
Published: December 2019

Spatio-temporal distributions of aridity characteristics in Europe based on results of CMIP5 experiments are considered. According to calculations with a model, MPI-ESM-P, climate cooling in the Little Ice Age is characterized by a more humid climate in northern Europe compared with that in the pre-industrial period, although the changes are statistically insignificant. For the medieval climatic optimum, the changes in the climate humidification mode from the pre-industrial period are statistically insignificant. According to calculations with the IAP RAS CM model, cooling in the Little Ice Age is characterized by a more humid climate in the North-Eastern Atlantic compared with that in the pre-industrial period, and the changes are statistically significant.
Oligotrophic bogs’ runoff effect on surface waters
Authors: Berezin A E , Zakharova E A , Parshina N V , Ivanov V , Kuraev A V
Published: December 2019

The removal of organic matter, including carbon, from oligotrophic bogs is determined by the amount of decomposed organic matter in bog waters and the runoff intensity. This process has a pronounced seasonal dynamics and is determined by weather conditions and characteristics of the bog runoff. The maximum watering is observed in the spring during snow thawing and in the autumn due to abundant precipitation and reduced evaporation. The amount of organic matter in bog water is determined by the air temperature of the previous period. Thus, the maximum carbon runoff from the bogs is possible in May-June and September, and the situation can vary considerably over the years, the weather being taken into account.
Long-term dynamics of maximum flood water levels in the middle course of the Ob River
Authors: Zemtsov V A , Vershinin D A , Khromykh V V , Khromykh O V
Published: December 2019

Results of statistical analysis of the long-time series of flood maximum water levels in the Ob River middle course (West Siberia, Russia) are presented. Most time series are statistically non-homogeneous at the 5 % level of significance. In most cases, there is a violation of homogeneity in 1959 due to the Novosibirsk HPP flow regulation, but there might be also some natural change. The extremely low maximum levels of 2012 are the “outliers” from probability distribution functions at 5% significance level. In the modern period (after 1959), some downward tendencies in maximum water level change over the middle course of the Ob River cause decrease in the area, depth and duration of floodplain inundation.
Assessment methodology for the backwater levels caused by ice jams: a case study of the rivers of Tom and Chulym (the Ob River drainage basin, Western Siberia, Russia)
Authors: Savichev O G , Tarasov A S , Zemtsov V A
Published: December 2019

The article presents an assessment methodology for backwater levels caused by break-up or freeze-up ice jams. Ice jam induced backwater effects reflect changes in water and ice balance in a stream reach. The balance, in turn, depends on the ratio of thermal and dynamic factors of ice events formation. The methodology based on a scheme of jammed river longitudinal profile has been proposed and tested using the observation data on the rivers of Tom and Chulym, and it has been shown that the accuracy of assessment is around 2–12% of the measured values.
Estimation of the ecological status of the Middle Ob floodplain water bodies
Authors: Popkov V K , Rozhkova-Timina I O , Kirpotin S N
Published: December 2019

A comparative analysis of 4 lakes of the Ob riverbed floodplain was carried out. These lakes differ in the area, depth, overgrowing by higher aquatic vegetation and the flood effects. The assessment of the state of these water bodies was carried out on the basis of the ecological and faunistic analysis of zooplankton, studies of the water chemical composition, including general analyzes and determination of the chemical elements. All studied lakes belong to β-mesosaprobic reservoirs; but they differ in species composition, dominant complex, zooplankton biomass, and they have different stages of succession. The statistically significant associations of zooplankton biomass with concentrations of dissolved CO2 were revealed. The researches demonstrated that the surveyed lakes can be used as model ones in monitoring studies to identify the interannual, cyclic and successional processes.
Present Climate Developments in Southern Siberia (1963-2017 years)
Authors: Kharlamova N , Sukhova M , Chlachula J
Published: December 2019

Siberia is a key region for mapping the climate development in north-central Eurasia in terms of global climatic change. The territorial relief creates a major orographic barrier for atmospheric streams influencing the regional altitudinal weather zonality. Systematic 55-year (1963-2017) weather observations along the 700 km N-S latitudinal transect across the southern Siberian plains and the adjoining ranges of the Altai-Sayan Mountains document progressing seasonal temperature and humidity shifts. Regionally uniform trend provides evidence of the strengthening climate continentality over Siberia also manifested by the pronounced seasonal temperature regime with increased thermally positive and negative air temperature anomalies. A landscape response to a climate warming is particularly evident in the high mountain zone. The present thermal conditions with raised MAT contribute to the progressing melting of mountain glaciers and degradation of permafrost in the alpine zone, as well as aridization of the parkland-steppe areas that are being partly transformed into continental semi-arid to desertic steppes. The associated environmental transformations trigger shifts in the local biotopes and ecosystems, with an altitudinal expansion of taiga-forest into the alpine tundra belt and xerothermic grassland invasions in the foothills.
Properties and major element concentrations in peat profiles of the polygonal frozen bog in Western Siberia
Authors: Raudina T V , Loiko S V
Published: December 2019

The properties and elemental composition of the Histosols of polygonal frozen bog in Western Siberia are characterized. The study of peat soils allowed an evaluation of the effect of micro-landscape on main properties and major element concentrations. According to acid-base characteristics and the ash content, the studied soils can be qualified as oligotrophic. The soil profile shows a tendency to increase the TOC in the lower horizons, and especially, in the peat soils of the polygons. The highest average TOC, Ca, Mg, K, P, Fe, and Na concentrations in the peat profile are observed in the soils of polygons (1.2-2.2 times). A large number of phytomass and plant productivity contribute to the enrichment of soils with carbon and some elements on the polygons. In addition, the difference between the soils of polygons and hollows in terms of the thermal conditions and peat hydrophysical characteristics is reflected in their elemental composition and properties.
Features of migration and nesting of waterfowl in the zone of influence of the Siberian Chemical Combine (SCC)
Authors: Gureev S P
Published: December 2019

The flyby of waterfowl (Anseriformes) in the south-taiga zone of the Tomsk Priobye is associated with the valleys of large rivers. In natural landscapes, the migration process is largely determined by the nature of spring and weather conditions of a particular year. However, there are many cases when birds in an anthropogenically-transformed habitat “receive certain advantages” in comparison with natural landscapes. The observations were carried out in 1995–2001 on the reservoirs of the Tom River floodplain and on the system of inter-river technogenic settling reservoirs (reservoirs-coolers of the Siberian NPP) in the sanitary protection zone of the SCC (SPZ) of the SCC and closed administrative-territorial unit («ZATO Seversk»). Changes in the timing and intensity of the spring flyby, nesting density and success of reproduction of ducks depending on various natural and anthropogenic factors are traced. The majority of the waterfowl spring flies in transit and does not often use the reservoirs of the Tom River floodplain for rest and feeding, but willingly lingers on the rich food warmer waters technogenic of the SPZ of the SCC. For the first time, significant differences were established in the species composition, abundance, biotopic distribution, and success of duck nesting in natural and man-made reservoirs: in years with early and late springs, in years with different water levels in reservoirs with regulated flow. For the first time, an assessment was made of the strict, “reserved” mode of functioning of the territory of the «ZATO Seversk», which determines the almost complete absence of disturbance factors on technogenic reservoirs during periods of flyby and nesting ducks.
Biotopical variability of Myodes rutilus mandibula shape in the taiga-woodland zone of the south of Western Siberia
Authors: Kokhonov E V , Ryadinskaya G S , Nekhoroshev O G , Kokhonova K Y
Published: December 2019

The method of geometric morphometry was used to study the variability of the shape of the red vole’s (Myodes rutilus Pallas, 1779) mandibula in the taiga-woodland zone in the south of Western Siberia. A discrepancy in the morphospace of the mandibula shape of animals from the territory of three local biotopes was revealed. The red voles of the extrazonal floodplain biotope differ in both configuration and larger mandibula size in relation to the animals of the taiga and subtaiga subzones.
The possibility of using the waste of the lignocellulosic hydrolysates biodetoxification as a seed treater of wheat varieties zoned in the West Siberian region of the of the Russian Federation
Authors: Morozova T S , Burnashova E N , Semyonov S Yu , Kuznecova E V
Published: December 2019

In the present study we investigated the possibility of using the waste of the lignocellulosic hydrolysates biodetoxification as a seed treater for wheat varieties zoned in the West Siberian region including the Tomsk region. The wastes are microbiocenoses of activated sludge, depleted during the detoxification process and capable of growing on toxic substrates. The study was conducted on three experimental objects and on wheat varieties Iren, Novosibirskaya 3, Novosibirskaya 51. For comparison, reference objects of biological preparations for plant protection Alirin-B, Fitosporin-M were used. The study showed that the waste of lignocellulosic hydrolysates biodetoxification had antifungal activity. The effectiveness of reducing the total contamination of seed infection in different experiments with experimental samples ranged from 52 to 82%. In some cases, the reference variants proved to be ineffective; the maximum effect on reducing the total seed contamination was achieved by Alirin-B and amounted about 30%. Seed treatment of wheat by the waste biodetoxification of different origins reduced the prevalence pathogens of seed wheat. At the same time the treatment did not significantly affect the increase in the parameters of plant growth and development (germination, length and weight of sprouts).
Influence of water of the small river of Western Siberia - Ulu-Yul on sprouts of wheat and tomato
Authors: Kurovsky A V , Petrochenko K A , Andreeva Yu V , Godymchuk A Yu. , Kurovskiy V N , Burnashova E N , Yakimov Yu E , Starodubtsev A E , Sheptor A S , Breit D V
Published: December 2019

The some hydro chemical peculiarities of the Uly-Yul River’s water (basin Ob) sampled during the spring flood has been demonstrated. In samples of river’s water was fixed high level of humic substances concentration: about 23 mg/L humic acids and about 30 mg/L fulvic acids. Ca2+ was a predominant inorganic cation with concentration 0.3 mEq/L. Electrical conductivity of researched water was about 30 μS × cm−1. The sum length of wheat shoots was statistically significantly lower for plants cultivated on Ulu-Yul River’s water (experimental group) in comparison with plants cultivated on low concentrated Hewitt nutrition solution (control group). The sum length of tomato roots was statistically significantly bigger for plants cultivated on Ulu-Yul River’s water in comparison with plants cultivated on low concentrated Hewitt nutrition solution. Both for wheat and for tomato an increasing of quantity roots/shoots ratio for experimental groups has been demonstrated.
Network of experimental sites for the study of survival of trees and shrubs in the North of Western Siberia
Authors: Egorov A A , Kirillov P S , Vasiliev N P , Fatianova E V , Trofimuk L.P. , Ivanov S A , Khmarik A G , Kukurichkin G M
Published: December 2019

Development of the North of Western Siberia is progressing rapidly. It is accompanied by the growth and emergence of new settlements. Creating green spaces in the harsh conditions of the North is a responsible thing. To work out a sustainable trees and shrubs assortment 15 experimental sites were laid in 2013-2016. They are located in different climatic conditions of the North of Western Siberia (in tundra, forest-tundra, northern and middle taiga). More than 6400 specimens of trees and shrubs of 313 taxa (species, varieties) and cultivars (28 families) were tested over the period. The experience showed that the mass loss of plants was associated with the underestimation of some agrotechnical features and with weather conditions. Using only the experimental test data for the development of a plants sustainable assortment is not effective. The combination of ecogeographical analysis and observations gives good results. The establishment and maintenance of experimental sites network is an important element of successful work to create a sustainable assortment of woody plants for territories with harsh climate.
Perfecting the Art of Managing Field Research Stations: Regimes of Justification
Authors: Kolesnikova T , Kolesnichenko L , Popravko I , Tchalakov I , Kirpotin S
Published: December 2019

The paper discusses the development of network of field research stations at one of Russian Universities as an element of the strategy to increase its international visibility and recognition. The views of University leading scientists about the perspectives and the risks in the development of this network are analyzed through the conceptual models of ‘secluded research’ and ‘research in wild’[1]. Departing from the methodological approach of L. Boltanski and L. Thévenot in studying the ways human actors are justifying their actions (orders of worth), we claim that basic principles of ‘secluded research’ and ‘research in wild’ could be considered as justification principles that legitimize specific type of research management. By comparing the shortcomings and advantages of the two sets of principles, the paper provides insights for better realization of the importance of the efforts to develop University’ network of field research stations and offers a critical reflection on them (which by itself is a resource for the further works in that direction).
Effect of different types of phosphorylating reagent on the synthesis of modified tapioca starch
Authors: Sugih A K , Christabella L , Kristianto H , Prasetyo S
Published: December 2019

Tapioca starch is isolated from the root of cassava (Manihot esculenta) plant and currently ranked second among commercial starch produced worldwide. Tapioca starch has very low residual impurities, bland flavor, and superior gel properties. Native tapioca starch has been widely used for daily food preparation. Chemical modifications of native starch structure, however, is often needed before starch can be utilized for industrial applications. In this research, a preliminary study on the use of different types of phosphorylating reagents (Sodium Tripolyphosphate/STPP, Sodium Trimetaphosphate/STMP, and mixture of both reagents) on the synthesis of modified tapioca starch was performed. Phosphorylation of tapioca starch was performed at a temperature of 130 °C, initial suspension pH of 9, and an intake of STPP of 5 %-w/w and/or STMP of 2 %-w/w based on dry starch. The experimental result shows that modified starch products with Degree of Substitution (DS) of 0.0084-0.0132 (correlated to P-content of 0.169-0.258 %-w/w) were obtained. The use of both STPP and STMP phosphorylating reagents gives starch products with increased solubility. Phosphorylation with all types of reagent also increases water and oil absorption capacity as well as paste clarity of tapioca starch. The result suggests that STPP and STMP are potential phosphorylating agents for modified tapioca starch preparation.
Effect of fermentation time on the quality of modified gadung flour from gadung tuber (Dioscorea hispida Dennst.)
Authors: Gunawan S , Aparamarta H W , Anindita B P , Antari A T
Published: December 2019

Gadung (Dioscorea hispida Dennst.) is one of the tubers in Indonesia that has the potential as a food source. However, due to the low nutritional value and high content of cyanide acid, these tubers cannot be consumed directly. Therefore, proper processing techniques are needed to improve the nutritional value of gadung tubers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of fermentation time on the quality of modified gadung flour in a reasonably short time. Soaking and submerged fermentation processes were applied. It was found that modified gadung flour can be used as a wheat flour substitution under the following conditions: water to gadung mass ratio of 50 for 120 min (soaking process) and initial bacteria cell number of 1.21 x 1011 cells of Lactobacillus plantarum at the temperature of 32 °C for 36 h (fermentation process). The result showed that protein, cyanide acid, starch, amylose, and amylopectin contents were 7.63%, 6.66 ppm, 75.27%, 38.18%, and 61.82%, respectively, while physicochemical properties, such as swelling power, water solubility, and flour whiteness degree were 6.75 g/g, 0.56%, and 71.43%, respectively.
Box-behnken design for the optimization using solvent-free microwave gravity extraction of garlic oil from Allium sativum L.
Authors: Variyana Y , Muchammad R S C , Mahfud M
Published: December 2019

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has compounds that could be used as anti-microbial, anti-atheroschlerosis, anti-oxidant, anti-viral, anti-cholesterol, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertension, and anti-cancer. In this paper, oils were extracted from garlic using Solvent-Free Microwave Extraction (SFME) method without solvent which is as an alternative technique to produce oil and it has several advantages in terms of product quality and quantity. This research used technique of gravity for extraction process and produce high yield of garlic oil. The highest results were obtained from this study when at 100 g, 450 W, 10 min, and 0.5 cm. Response surface methodology was designed to evaluate the effects of mass of raw material (g), microwave power (W), extraction time (min) and material size (cm) for optimization of analytical methods. Regression models have designed and predicted experimental values well. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technology was used to analyze the chemical compositions of garlic oil. The results showed that sulphide compounds, like diallyl disulphide, trimethylene trisulfide, ester and alcohol which is found in garlic oil.
Optimization of microwave hydro-distillation of lemongrass leaves (Cymbopogon nardus) by response surface methodology
Authors: Variyana Y , Mahfud M , Ma’sum Z , Ardianto B I , Syahbana L P , Bhuana D S
Published: December 2019

Essential oil of lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus) or Citronella Oil is widely used in industry, especially pharmaceuticals and perfumes. The microwave assisted method was successfully applied in extracting fragrant essential oils on a laboratory scale of extraction, namely Microwave Hydrodistilation (MHD). MHD is a combination of hydrodistillation with microwave for extraction. The purpose of this research was to study several effects parameters (microwave power, material size, and extraction time) on the yield of Citronella Oil obtained by the MHD method and to find optimal conditions using response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that the smaller size of the material, the lower the yield of oil obtained. The longer extraction time, results in higher yields was. While the greater the power, the higher the yield produced. The highest results obtained for extraction using the MHD method are the microwave power at 600 W, material size of 0.5 cm, and extraction time is 90 min in resulting a yield of 1.817%. Chemical Analysis of Citronella Oil was the highest component that analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technology.
Effect of intraparticle diffusion-reactions at reverse flow reactors. Cases study: Methane catalytic oxidation
Authors: Effendy M , Wardhono E Y , Soeryanto  , Arsana I M
Published: December 2019

Reverse Flow Reactor (RFR) is a fixed bed reactor whose direction of flow changes at a certain time periodically. To obtain an overview of the flow direction changing on the RFR effect on the reaction rate, the intraparticle diffusion reaction factor needs to be assessed. The flow that changes in RFR causes the value of tortuosity to behave dynamically so that the reaction rate also changes dynamically. The model approach that involves intraparticle diffusion reactions is to determine the effectiveness factor. The procedure used is to estimate the effectiveness of the simulated reaction, which allows obstacles due to intraparticle diffusion to be considered at each point of the reactor without using numerical integration of the diffusion equation in the pellet (catalyst). The results obtained show that the conversion of methane gas changes over time. This change can be approached by assuming the total reaction rate in bulk is constant, but the total reaction rate in the catalyst varies depending on the intraparticle diffusion reaction, which is indicated by the value of effectiveness factor. The dynamic effectiveness factor behaviour can be approximated by the 6th degree polynomial equation as follows: 6.38e-13*t6 + 3.23e-10*t5 – 5.84e-8*t4 + 4.34e-6*t3 – 9.91e-5*t2 – 0.0004*t + 0.1781
Effect of microwave assisted sodium hydroxide pretreatment on hemicellulose content of oil palm empty fruit bunch for furfural production
Authors: Sadrina I N , Harahap A F P , Rahman A A , Gozan M
Published: December 2019

Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) is one of the main types of solid waste which is continuously produced from palm oil mills. OPEFB contains lignocellulose to which the hemicellulose can be converted into furfural, an important precursor material used for producing high value chemicals, by means of a hydrolysis reaction. This process must be preceded by pretreatment in order to disrupt compact lignocellulose structure of OPEFB and to expose hemicellulose for further hydrolysis reaction. In this study, the optimum pretreatment conditions of OPEFB for hemicellulose recovery by microwave assisted alkali method with aqueous sodium hydroxide is evaluated by using response surface methodology (RSM) based on three-level three-factorial Box-Behnken design. OPEFB powder with different size ranging from 30 - 40 mesh was immersed into sodium hydroxide solution at 1 : 10 solid-liquid ratio. Variations of sodium hydroxide concentrations (1; 2; 3%), microwave power (280; 560; 840 Watt), and radiation time (3; 6; 9 minutes) were examined in this study. The quadratic model showed that pretreatment at 593.43-Watt and 1.15 % sodium hydroxide concentration for 5.99 minutes recovered the highest hemicellulose of OPEFB i.e. 23.22%.
Fischer-Tropsch process from synthesis gas over fe-co/HZSM-5 catalyst to produce biofuel
Authors: Roesyadi A , Jimmy  , Ihsanti D H , Nuraini A
Published: December 2019

Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is the process of converting hydrogen into liquid fuel through several stages, namely: polymerization of CO and H2 gases into long chain hydrocarbons. From the FT process that requires many of these steps, this research was carried out in order to be able to simplify the Fischer-Tropsch process through limited polymerization to obtain liquid fuels. By combining Co and Fe metal catalysts, it is expected to show better performance than the use of individual metals. Using a Fe-Co/HZSM-5 metal catalyst combination in a fixed bed reactor at a reaction temperature of 225°C. Fe-Co / HZSM-5 catalyst was made by wet impregnation, then Fe-Co/HZSM-5 catalyst was characterized using XRD, BET, and SEM-EDX. From the XRD results, the addition of Fe and Co did not change the crystal structure of the HZSM-5 catalyst. The surface area of the HZSM-5 was 526.03 m2/g and decreased after the addition of metal (Fe and Co) to the HZSM-5. This change indicates that Fe and Co particles were successfully dispersed on the surface of the HZSM-5 and inserted into the HZSM-5 pore. Hydrocarbon biofuel products are analyzed using GC-MS. The results of GC-MS hydrocarbon products showed the highest compounds for hydrocarbons C13 and C14 chains were 5.78% and 6.68% at 225 °C.
Characterizations of Ag doped ZnO particles via flame pyrolysis method for degradation of methylene blue
Authors: Kusdianto K , Kusuma T C , Hudandini M , Widiyastuti W , Madhania S , Machmudah S , Nurtono T , Winardi S
Published: December 2019

Flame pyrolysis is widely used for the fabrication of particles because of great crystallinity and fine size distribution of the products. In this research, ZnO-Ag particle materials have been favourably made by flame pyrolysis. The impacts of Ag loading varying from 0 to 20 wt% on the photocatalytic activity of ZnO-Ag particle under ultraviolet (UV) and sunlight irradiations were studied. ZnO-Ag particles were fabricated based on zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O) 0.1 M and silver nitrate (AgNO3) as a precursor inside a flame reactor. Crystallinity and morphology of ZnO-Ag particles were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. SEM analysis showed that the particles had irregular sphere-like shapes. The XRD patterns showed that the produced ZnO had a wurtzite structure with different crystallite sizes. XRD analysis also confirmed the existence of Ag particles in ZnO-Ag particles after the addition of Ag greater or equal to 5 wt%. The existence of Ag was indicated by the appearance of the XRD peak at 38.1°. The peak at 38.1° increased with the increase of Ag loading. Finally, the photocatalytic activity was evaluated by estimating the degradation of methylene blue aqueous solution under UV and sunlight irradiations. It noted that the most excellent photocatalytic performance was achieved at 5 wt% Ag loading for both irradiations.
The effect of catalyst weight on the photocatalytic performance of ZnO-Ag nanocomposites prepared by flame pyrolysis method
Authors: Kusdianto K , Syafrul S , Rahmat M N , Widiyastuti W , Shimada M , Jiang D , Winardi S
Published: December 2019

ZnO is the most widely used as a catalyst material for photocatalytic application due to the suitable band gap energy and the chemical stability. It was reported by our previous study that the photocatalytic performance was significantly affected by the Ag content. In this study, ZnO-Ag nanocomposite materials have been successfully fabricated by flame pyrolysis and the effects of catalyst weight ranging from 2 to 10 mg on the photocatalytic performance were also investigated. Zinc acetate and silver nitrate were used as precursors for producing ZnO-Ag nanocomposites. The catalyst products, ZnO-Ag nanocomposite, were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). While, UV Vis spectrometry was used to measure the concentration of methylene blue (MB) before and after irradiations. Photocatalytic performances of nanocomposites were performed by evaluating the degradation of MB under UV and sunlight irradiations. The photocatalytic tests showed that the best performance was attained when the Ag content was 5 wt% and the weight of catalyst was as much as 10 mg after irradiation with sunlight, where the degradation rate of MB was 98% and the rate constant was 0.09/min.
Extraction refined carrageenan using ultrasonic irradiation in from Kappaphycus Alvarezii originated from Lontar
Authors: Sari D K , Barleany D , Lestari R S D , Mustikawati L
Published: December 2019

Kappaphycus alvarezii or commonly known Eucheuma cottonii is a source of kappa-carrageenan and could find cultivated in the coastal areas of Indonesia especially in Lontar Banten province. Kappaphycus alvarezii is one type of red seaweed contained kappa carrageenan. Lontar beach in Banten province is one that produced red seaweed In Indonesia. Refined Carrageenan could be used as a stabilizer, thickener, gel, medicine, cosmetics, etc. An important factor affected the production of refined carrageenan one of them is the temperature and extraction method. In this study refined carrageenan extracted used the ultrasonic irradiation method from Kappaphycus alvarezii originated from coastal lontar has never been studied. This research aimed to determined the effect of temperature using ultrasonic irradiation. The result indicated that higher temperature increased of the sulphate content, gel strength, gelling point and ash content but reduced in moisture and yield. This study the best temperature extraction is 700°C.
Fuel oil production from thermal pyrolysis of packaging plastic
Authors: Irawan A , Bindar Y , Kurniawan T , Alwan H , Hidayat A , Putri A H I
Published: December 2019

Nowadays, Plastics are widely used mainly as packaging. With the increasing use of plastic, the amount of plastic waste was increasing. Plastic was a material that was difficult to decompose naturally so that plastic waste will continue to accumulate. This condition will disturbance the environment. In other conditions, energy needs, especially fuel oil, are increasing but the availability of crude oil was limited. This condition requires alternative fuels to maintain the availability of fuel oil for the needs of industry, vehicles and households. Both of these conditions can be related to convert plastic waste into fuel oil through the pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis of plastic waste can be done as thermally and catalytically. The thermal plastic pyrolysis process can be carried out at temperatures between 300-500°C and pyrolysis time between 30-60 minutes. The results of pyrolysis of plastic waste produce fuel oil which can be used as fuel in industries such as boilers. Yield of pyrolysis plastic polypropylene (PP) was higher than plastic polyethylene (PE). The physical properties of oil plastic pyrolysis PE and PP like gasoline but the flash point was lower than gasoline.