bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comment la loi a instauré l’entreprise comme un acteur politique. Analyse historique et théorique de la loi Pacte et de la loi sur le devoir de vigilance
Authors: Hatchuel Armand , Levillain Kevin , Segrestin Blanche
Published: November 2021

L’activité politique de facto de l’entreprise est largement reconnue dans la littérature. Mais cette activité soulève aujourd’hui de nouvelles questions : le cadre classique des rapports entre entreprise et politique n’est-il pas obsolète ? Est-il compatible avec la puissance mondiale et créatrice des entreprises ? Et surtout n’avons-nous pas besoin que cette puissance soit « bien gérée », c’est-à-dire à même de contribuer à résoudre les défis contemporains du politique ? Or le droit français – avec la loi sur le devoir de vigilance (2017) et la loi Pacte (2019) – a introduit des innovations juridiques qui instaurent l’entreprise comme un acteur politique de jure. Les deux lois inscrivent d’abord la gouvernance de l’entreprise dans un cadre de gestion responsable : d’une part, l’entreprise doit gérer son activité de manière vigilante, y compris au-delà des frontières des États où elle est légalement constituée ; d’autre part, les notions de raison d’être et de société à mission permettent à l’entreprise d’expliciter les missions d’intérêt collectif qu’elle s’engage à mettre en œuvre. Ce cadre juridique prend appui sur une nouvelle conception de l’entreprise : celle-ci n’est plus un simple acteur économique mais est une puissance d’agir tournée vers la création collective. Cette conception empêche de réduire l’entreprise à la seule sphère de la société civile privée et impose de rediscuter les fondements de la liberté d’entreprendre. Se dégage alors un nouvel ordre pluriel de responsabilités et une conception non-hégélienne du politique.
Pour une stratégie RSE ambitieuse dans les métiers de la propreté
Authors: Jouanny Philippe
Published: November 2021

Améliorer les conditions de travail du personnel, le former, favoriser sa promotion sociale, sécuriser les contrats de travail sont des enjeux majeurs du secteur de la propreté. Pour les faire adopter par les donneurs d’ordre, un long travail de persuasion et de négociation est cependant nécessaire. En donnant une nouvelle valeur au travail des agents, la crise de la Covid-19 pourrait bien favoriser la prise de conscience par les clients des enjeux sociaux et écologiques mis en avant par la Fédération des entreprises de propreté.
Desplazamiento horizontal límite en arcos de fábrica
Authors: Mutiloa Lore , Guamán Adrián , León Javier , Todisco Leonardo
Published: November 2021

El nivel de seguridad de los arcos de fábrica se ve muy afectado por posibles desplazamientos que puedan producirse en sus arranques. Tales desplazamientos generan un incremento o una disminución de los empujes horizontales. Este proceso, que se retroalimenta, puede disminuir sensiblemente le seguridad de las estructuras y incluso llevarlas al colapso. A pesar de la importancia de este fenómeno, la bibliografía al respecto es escasa y principalmente enfocada a arcos de directriz circular. En este artículo se presenta una herramienta desarrollada para determinar el desplazamiento límite horizontal hacia el exterior de arcos de cualquier directriz considerando o no la existencia de un relleno. Además, se realiza un análisis paramétrico para estudiar el efecto de un desplazamiento impuesto para diferentes geometrías y varias relaciones canto/radio o canto/luz, lo cual lleva a la construcción de gráficas muy útiles para la práctica profesional. Finalmente, se aplica la metodología a un ejemplo real.
Uma política pública de privatização e degradação da Amazônia disfarçada de regularização fundiária: uma análise sobre a evolução da Lei Federal nº 11.952/2009
Authors: Cunha Paulo Roberto
Published: November 2021

Este trabalho analisa as principais mudanças na Lei Federal nº 11.952/2009, conhecida como Política de Regularização Fundiária da Amazônia (PRFA), demonstrando que o Poder Público vem implementando uma política pública de privatização de terras federais ilegalmente invadidas (grilagem), causando prejuízos para a estrutura fundiária rural e para o meio ambiente da região.
COVID-19 e Geografia: perplexidade atual e a cartografia a serviço da saúde pública
Authors: Lindo Paula , Kozenieski Éverton de Moraes , Souza Reginaldo José de
Published: November 2021

A pandemia do novo coronavírus está presente em nosso cotidiano, causando perplexidade e chamando a ciência para minimizar os impactos da COVID-19 na saúde pública. A Geografia, conhecimento localizado entre eventos sociais e naturais, depara-se com uma necessária releitura do próprio sentido das dinâmicas da Natureza em situações que evidenciam seu descontrole, mesmo com todo o aparato técnico-científico-informacional contemporâneo. O SARS-CoV-2 foi metabolizado na rede tecnológica atual, e isso gera resultados catastróficos em várias localidades do planeta. Neste artigo, nossos objetivos são dois: apresentar considerações sobre o novo horizonte epistêmico para a Geografia no presente desafio planetário; passar da reflexão global sobre a pandemia para o prognóstico de seus possíveis desdobramentos na cidade em que vivemos e buscamos entender sua organização socioespacial de maneira crítica: Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul. A estratégia metodológica utilizada foi a elaboração de mapas temáticos a partir de indicadores de distribuição populacional por faixa etária, densidade demográfica e número de moradores nos domicílios. Essa seleção foi motivada pelo fato de pessoas idosas comporem grupo de risco em casos de infecção e pelas aglomerações facilitarem as transmissões. Os mapas produzidos expõem a distribuição dos idosos por toda a cidade, com maior concentração nos setores centrais, e identificam domicílios habitados por mais de seis pessoas na periferia. Tais informações foram comparadas com um mapa de exclusão/inclusão social, cujo resultado é um mapa-síntese para ações prioritárias contra a COVID-19 na cidade de Erechim.
Imigrantes Poloneses em Curitiba (PR): histórico, influência no desenvolvimento da cidade e reconhecimento de antepassados nos endereços
Authors: Rocha Rafaela Mascarenhas
Published: November 2021

Os primeiros imigrantes poloneses chegaram a Curitiba remigrados de colônias do estado de Santa Catarina, trazidos por Sebastião Saporski, a partir de 1871. Essa imigração passa a ser incentivada por parte das autoridades paranaenses, com o propósito de que, instalados em colônias rurais localizadas nos arredores da cidade, esses imigrantes produzissem hortaliças e criassem pequenos animais, para assim abastecer o mercado da capital. A maioria dos imigrantes poloneses em Curitiba era de origem rural, contudo, não é nula a presença de polono-brasileiros com atuação nos demais setores produtivos, inclusive na intelectualidade e na política locais. Neste artigo traremos além de parte do histórico deste grupo imigrante, uma apresentação sobre o processo de integração que tiveram na vida urbana da cidade ao longo do século XX, como a fundação de jornais, centros culturais e clubes recreativos na primeira metade do século, e também a atuação de vereadores curitibanos de origem polonesa, que enxergaram na denominação de endereços uma ferramenta para ressaltar a presença do grupo e homenagear seus antepassados. Para melhor visualização do leitor sobre o objeto tratado aqui, apresentaremos mapas com a localização e a descrição das ruas quanto à sua extensão, comércios, linhas de transporte entre outros elementos. E finalmente, apresentamos alguns dos indivíduos por trás das ruas, imigrantes ou descendentes de poloneses terão suas biografias mostradas aqui, a fim de que sirvam de análise sobre a estima, o reconhecimento e o prestígio que possuem - ainda que postumamente – junto à comunidade e à cidade.
Parque Vereda del Lago: reconfigurando los límites del espacio público
Authors: Petzold-Rodríguez Astrid
Published: November 2021

Este estudio busca evidenciar, a través del análisis de las modalidades de apropiación y uso del Parque Vereda del Lago (1976-78), Maracaibo, Venezuela, i) la existencia de límites tangibles e intangibles, y ii) cómo los grupos sociales predominantes en el parque y las instituciones públicas encargadas de éste, intentan normar los comportamientos de las personas en el lugar.Los conceptos clave habitar, apropiación y uso se utilizan para abordar desde el terreno el estudio de las prácticas, y evidenciar los modos en que estas prácticas subvierten el diseño del lugar, así como, revelar los conflictos que suceden en el espacio, al transgredirse las normas establecidas.El trabajo de observación y el análisis de las entrevistas realizadas, permitieron develar que el Parque Vereda del Lago es un espacio público disputado en determinados períodos de tiempo y en determinadas áreas, reconfigurando de manera continua los límites de lo que se considera como lo público.
Une cave à amphores, une statue en pierre et une tête coupée de la fin de l’âge du Fer à Châteaumeillant (Cher)
Authors: Krausz Sophie , Millereux Caroline , Bouchet Marion , Olmer Fabienne
Published: November 2021

Entre 2005 et 2017, six puits ont été fouillés sur l’oppidum de Châteaumeillant (Cher). L’un d’entre eux (St 269) a livré un ensemble de bronzes exceptionnels du iiie s. apr. J.-C. (Krausz, Coulon 2015). En 2016, une grande cave quadrangulaire a été mise au jour (St 437), elle contenait les restes de 33 amphores italiques. Cette découverte s’inscrit dans la série des « caves à amphores » qui ont rendu l’oppidum de Mediolanum célèbre dans les années 1960. À l’intérieur de cette cave se trouvait un puits (St 512), dont la fouille sécurisée a livré un lot de mobilier singulier datable de La Tène finale. En marge des quelque 1 500 tessons de céramique, et au fond du conduit, une statue de pierre anthropomorphe, un crâne humain avec des traces de décarnisation ainsi qu’un chenet à protomé de cheval ont été recueillis. La présence de ces objets remarquables évoque un dépôt particulier, dont l’étude révèle la nature rituelle dans le contexte de l’habitat laténien. Les deux structures forment un ensemble archéologique exceptionnel et complexe, inédit dans un site de cette période. Cet article collectif présente leur étude détaillée, celle des objets découverts et la chronologie de l’ensemble.
Using Digital Tools for Studying About and Addressing Climate Change
Authors: Beach Richard W. , Smith Blaine E.
Published: November 2021

Grounded in research-based examples, this chapter provides a resource for students, teachers, and researchers to critically engage with issues of climate change through leveraging the affordances of digital tools. In particular, the authors discuss the affordances and challenges of students using digital tools to address climate change. They also review research in this field, including studies on visualizations, analyzing information, social media, digital videos, digital role-play, video games, and virtual and augmented reality. The chapter describes how digital tools offer meaning-making possibilities for students to propose solutions to climate change through engaging multimodal narratives, as well as share their voices through digital activism. Considering that global climate change is perhaps the most serious problem human beings have ever faced, this chapter offers implications for curriculum and instruction to aid educators with designing digital projects for students to understand climate change and find ways to take a stand.
Vulnerability of Oasis Agriculture to Climate Change in Morocco
Authors: Ait-El-Mokhtar Mohamed , Boutasknit Abderrahim , Ben-Laouane Raja , Anli Mohamed , El Amerany Fatima , Toubali Salma , Lahbouki Soufiane , Wahbi Said , Meddich Abdelilah
Published: November 2021

Morocco is considered one of the most threatened countries by climate change. Over the last century, oases ecosystems in this country showed a high vulnerability to climate variation, which has led to water scarcity, an increase in land salinity, and therefore, a decrease in agricultural production. Conscious of these issues, several solutions are initiated by the government to cope with climate change adverse effects. Many programs of rehabilitation were launched, and advanced researches are in progress in order to use some biofertilizers to improve tolerance of oasis crops to drought and salinity toward sustainable agriculture. The aim of this chapter is to give an overview of the impacts of climate change on oasis agriculture in Morocco and to provide potentially effective strategies to promote oasis agriculture under climate change. As a conclusion, the authors found that the use of different biofertilizers could be a potential strategy to mitigate climate change effects on oasis agriculture in Morocco.
Climate Change Impact on Agriculture and Food Security
Authors: Syed Ali , Jabeen Urooj Afshan
Published: November 2021

Research on the impact of climate change on agriculture and food security is important, especially in the agricultural economies, not only to know the severity of impact but also the policies to be adapted to halt climate change and the technology to be used to mitigate the impact of climate change. The study was conducted in Kapiri Mposhi district of Central Province in Zambia to find out the impact of climate change on agriculture and food security. The objectives of study include to know the intensity of climate change and its impact on area under cultivation, late sowing of seed and damage of seed due to lack of water, fertilizer absorption reduction, food shortage, livestock, and productivity. The chapter also focuses on the sources of credit to the farmers.
Multi-Level Inverters Interfacing Electric Vehicle Charging Stations With Microgrid for Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Applications
Authors: Khalid Mohd Rizwan , Sarwar Adil , Alsaidan Ibrahim
Published: November 2021

Multi-level inverters (MLI) are power electronic converters that convert DC power to AC power with high power-quality of output voltage waveforms. These MLI are the main streamline converters for integrating dc power of EV with microgrids. Thus, the recent interest of researchers is to investigate the MLI with a lower number of active and passive switch counts which could integrate the DC power of EV to the microgrid with the boosting ability. This chapter discusses various topologies of MLI for the integration of the DC power of EV to the grid for vehicle-to-grid (V2G) applications. MLI converts DC power to AC power with high quality of output voltage waveform. Thus, the recent interest of researchers is to investigate the MLI with a lower number of active and passive switch counts which could integrate the DC power of EV to the microgrid. Also, MLI must be capable of boosting the voltage level to meet the grid requirements. The aim of this chapter is to discuss the various topologies of MLI for the integration of DC power of EV to the grid for vehicle-to-grid (V2G) applications.
The Impact of Blockchain Technology on Tax and Accounting Practices
Authors: Önkan Özge , Arikan Zeynep
Published: November 2021

Introduced to the agenda of the world in 2008, blockchain has been researched and reviewed in both the public and the private sectors, interpretations have been made regarding the future of the technology, and it has been endeavored to determine potential areas of application. Blockchain is predicted to be applied in many areas such as the financial sector, smart contracts, and the public sector, and its benefits are expressed. The application introduces accounting and taxation based on blockchain technology, transparency, convenience in transactions, time saving, concurrent taxation, effective and continuous auditing. By applying this technology in the area of accounting and tax auditing, errors and particularly frauds shall be prevented accordingly. Within this framework, at the outset of this study, the blockchain technology is introduced, and the impacts thereof on the accounting and taxation are addressed accordingly. Blockchain technology is expected to have impact on the accounting entry process, tax practices, accounting profession, accounting professionals, and the taxpayers.
Prevalence of thyroid dysfunctions in a large, unselected population in Duhok city, Iraqi Kurdistan: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Zaman Burhan , Rasool Suzan Omer , Sabri Saeed Mohammed , Raouf Ghazwan A.M. , Balatay Amer A. , Abdulhamid Mohammed Amin , Hussein Darya Salih , Odisho Simona Khamo , George Sarah Talal , Hassan Salar Mahmood , Salman Ronahi Farhad , Benyamin Maryam
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Thyroid- Stimulating Hormone (TSH) alterations and different types of thyroid dysfunctions in both sexes with no age limitations from variety of sources in Duhok province. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we screened 25040 suspicious cases of thyroid diseases in a year (2019), retrieving the data from the computers of three clinical laboratories of Duhok City. Following exclusion of 470 cases, 24568 cases were included to categorize the different types of thyroid dysfunctions. The prevalence of TSH alteration was 25.03%, 20.55% of them had a high concentration being statistically higher in females, while only 4.48% was low TSH with equal prevalence among both sexes. Out of 24568 patients, the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was 94.85%, followed by 2.20%, 1.20%, 0.78%, 0.67%, and 0.31% for each of subclinical hyperthyroidism, primary hypothyroidism, central hyperthyroidism, central hypothyroidism, and primary hyperthyroidism respectively. In conclusion, the studied population had high prevalence of high TSH level (20.55%), being more prevalent in female than in male. Our survey revealed that the distribution of thyroid disorders varied among different age groups with highest prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in all age groups (94.85%). We also concluded that middle and advanced ages, and females were more susceptible to thyroid disorders.
Demographic profile of the patients with lumbar disc herniation presented in a tertiary care center, Manipur
Authors: Ningthoujam Jungindro Singh , Naorem Ajit Singh , Ningthoukhongjam Shugeta Devi
Published: November 2021

Background:

Lumbar intervertebral disc herniation presents with a wide variety of demographic profiles among the patients of various regions. Depending on the regional factors such as environmental, socioeconomic and genetic factors, the demography may vary.

Objectives:

This study aimed to observe the demographic profile of patients with lumbar disc herniation and to find the association and correlation among the different variables.

Materials and Methods:

It is a cross-sectional study. Descriptive analysis was performed for parameters such as age, weight, height, and body mass index (BMI). Chi-square test was performed to see the association of different variables. A Spearman's regression analysis was performed to see any correlation between the quantitative variables. Results were evaluated with a confidence interval of 95% and significance level at P < 0.05.

Results:

We had 348 patients with a mean age of 52.49 (±13.34) years, out of which 194 (55.7%) were female. Visual analog scale score ≥7 was found in 194 (55.7%) patients. Of the patients, 228 (65.5%) were overweight and 40 (11.5%) were obese with a mean BMI of 26.99 (±2.61). In the physical activity, 159 (45.7%) fall in heavy group, 135 (38.8%) moderate, and 54 (15.5%) in light activity groups. L4L5 (183, 52.6%) and L5S1 (133, 38.2%) were the most common site of prolapsed. Grade 6 disc degeneration was the most common (101, 29.0%) followed by Grade 7 (96, 27.6%) and Grade 5 (77, 22.1%). 2ab was the most common pattern of prolapsed with 22.4%.

Conclusion:

Disc herniation is more common among females and in the middle age group. Overweight or obese people are at more risk of disc degeneration. L4L5 and L5S1 are the most common level of prolapse. Grades 6 and 7 of disc degeneration are more symptomatic and are associated with advancing age. Posterolateral disc herniation is the most common type and people engaged with heavy physical activities are at higher risk of disc degeneration.
Insights into the relationship between COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh
Published: November 2021

The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to impact the lives of almost everyone across the globe. The present review has been carried out to explore and understand the relationship between COVID-19 infection and diabetes mellitus from the public health perspective. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out in the PubMed search engine, and a total of 25 research articles were selected based on the suitability with the current review objectives. Keywords used in the search include COVID-19 and Diabetes mellitus in the title alone only. Considering the risk of poor prognosis of infection among diabetics, it has been envisaged that such people should strictly adhere to the preventive measures. Self-care plays a crucial role in the management of diabetes, and the significance of the same has immensely increased during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. As the people with diabetes constitute a high-risk group, it is the need of the hour to increase awareness among these people about COVID-19 infection. To conclude, the COVID-19 pandemic is far from over and the people living with diabetes are at significant risk to land up into complications, if they acquire the infection. This call for the need to intensify the preventive strategies and strengthen the health care delivery system for ensuring better management of diabetes among COVID-19 cases.
A cross-sectional study of online medical education in the COVID-19 era
Authors: Kumar Akhilesh , Singh Gurmeet , Pandey Anand , Rawat Jiledar
Published: November 2021

Introduction:

COVID-19 infection forced many alterations in our daily life, and continuation of classes by online mode is one of them. The effect of online classes on medical students has not been evaluated in our setup. This study was conducted to assess the medical student's perspective on the usefulness of online teaching.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study of undergraduate medical students was conducted through an online link-based Google Form from November 28 to December 3, 2020. Anonymous responses were collected and evaluated. The values are presented in numbers and tables.

Results:

A total of 329 datasets were received. Of these, 318 were included, and the remaining 11 were excluded. The smartphone was the most common gadget used for attending online classes (261, 83.7%). In 164 (57.2%) students, the routine lifestyle was grossly affected. The student complained of visual (183, 58.7%) and concentration (168, 53.8%) discomfort. Two hundred and seven (65.7%) students did not found online classes to be as efficient as traditional offline classes; however, 191 (61.2%) students stated that they might be interested in listening to lectures on interesting topics by experts from other reputed institutes.

Conclusion:

In the current circumstances, online classes are considered a stopgap measure for the continuation of teaching, but physical classes are preferred in this field. More time may be needed to overcome the problems faced due to the online system.
О модифицированных системах $B$КП и их обобщениях
Authors: Wang Zheng , Li Chuanzhong
Published: November 2021

Найден вид оператора Орлова-Шульмана для модифицированной иерархии $B$КП, который играет принципиальную роль при построении дополнительной симметрии модифицированной иерархии $B$КП. Исследуются тау-функции модифицированной иерархии $B$КП и получено много интересных свойств, включая билинейные тождества Хироты и (дифференциальные) тождества Фэя. Представлена многокомпонентная модифицированная иерархия $B$КП и введен набор дополнительных потоков многокомпонентной модифицированной иерархии $B$КП, которые составляют $N$-кратное прямое произведение положительной части симметрий на квантовом торе. Введена некоммутативная модифицированная иерархия $B$КП и выведены ее симметрии, как и для многокомпонентной модифицированной иерархии $B$КП.
Дифференциальные уравнения для майорановской частицы в размерностях $3+1$ и $1+1$
Authors: De Vincenzo Salvatore
Published: November 2021

Релятивистское волновое уравнение, описывающее майорановскую частицу, - это уравнение Дирака с действительным скалярным потенциалом Лоренца c добавлением условия Майораны. В зависимости от используемого представления меняется результирующее дифференциальное уравнение. Оно может представлять собой действительную или комплексную систему связанных уравнений или даже единственное комплексное уравнение для единственной компоненты полной волновой функции. Для описания майорановской частицы может быть использовано любое из этих уравнений или система этих уравнений как уравнение Майораны или система уравнений Майораны. Например, в представлении Вейля в размерности $3+1$ могут быть два неэквивалентных явно ковариантных комплексных уравнения первого порядка. В отличие от этого, в размерности $1+1$ имеется комплексная система связанных уравнений. В любом случае, несмотря на то, какое уравнение или система уравнений используется, волновая функция, которая описывает майорановскую частицу в размерностях $3+1$ или $1+1$, определяется четырьмя или двумя действительными величинами. Эти вопросы, в первую очередь сходства и различия, которые возникают для этих уравнений в случаях размерностей $3+1$ и $1+1$ в представлениях Дирака, Вейля и Майораны, изучаются с алгебраической точки зрения. Выводятся и используются результаты, которые получаются из процедуры, введенной Кейсом для получения двухкомпонентного уравнения Майораны в размерности $3+1$. Впервые вводится аналогичная процедура в размерности $1+1$.
Уравнения Навье-Стокса, алгебраический подход
Authors: Zharinov Viktor Viktorovich
Published: November 2021

Представлен анализ уравнений Навье-Стокса в рамках алгебраического подхода к системам уравнений в частных производных (формальной теории дифференциальных уравнений).
Assessment of Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Typhoid Diagnosis and Assessment of Febrile Illness Outbreaks in Fiji
Authors: Getahun Strobel Aneley , Airs Stephanie , Nguyen Cattram , Vadei Taina Rokobuli , Matanitobua Silivia , Kama Mike , Watson Conall H. , Crump John A. , Mulholland Edward Kim , Strugnell Richard A. , Parry Christopher M.
Published: November 2021

Typhoid is an endemic in Fiji with increases observed since the early 2000s and frequent outbreaks reported. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of currently available typhoid rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) (TUBEX, Typhidot Rapid, and Test-It assay) to establish their performance against blood culture in Fiji and to examine their suitability for rapid typhoid outbreak identification. The performance of RDTs was assessed in the public health reference laboratory in Suva, Fiji, according to the manufacturers’ instructions. A simulation was used to examine the potential use of RDTs for attribution of a febrile illness outbreak to typhoid. For the diagnostic evaluation, 179 patients were included; 49 had blood culture–confirmed typhoid, 76 had fever as a result of non-typhoid etiologies, and 54 were age-matched community controls. The median (interquartile range) age was 29 (20–46) years. Of the participants, 92 (51.4%) were male and 131 (73.2%) were indigenous Fijians. The sensitivities of the tests were 77.6% for TUBEX, 75.5% for Typhidot Rapid, and 57.1% for Test-It assay. The Test-It assay had the highest specificity of 93.4%, followed by Typhidot Rapid 85.5% and TUBEX 60.5%. Typhidot Rapid had the best performance in the simulation for attribution of a febrile illness outbreak to typhoid. Typhoid RDTs performed suboptimally for individual patient diagnosis due to low sensitivity and variable specificity. We demonstrate that RDTs could be useful in the field for rapid attribution of febrile illness outbreaks to typhoid. Typhidot Rapid had the best combination of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, cost, and ease of use for this purpose.
Evolution of COVID-19 mortality over time: results from the Swiss hospital surveillance system (CH-SUR)
Authors: Roelens Maroussia , Martin Alexis , Friker Brian , Maximiano Sousa Filipe , Thiabaud Amaury , Vidondo Beatriz , Buchter Valentin , Gardiol Céline , Vonlanthen Jasmin , Balmelli Carlo , Battegay Manuel , Berger Christoph , Buettcher Michael , Cusini Alexia , Flury Domenica , Heininger Ulrich , Niederer-Loher Anita , Riedel Thomas , Schreiber Peter W. , Sommerstein Rami , Troillet Nicolas , Tschudin-Sutter Sarah , Vetter Pauline , Bernhard-Stirnemann Sara , Corti Natascia , Gaudenz Roman , Marschall Jonas , Nussbaumer-Ochsner Yvonne , Senn Laurence , Vuichard-Gysin Danielle , Zimmermann Petra , Zucol Franziska , Iten Anne , Keiser Olivia
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: When  the periods of time during and after the first wave of the ongoing SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic in Europe are compared, the associated COVID-19 mortality seems to have decreased substantially. Various factors could explain this trend, including changes in demographic characteristics of infected persons and the improvement of case management. To date, no study has been performed to investigate the evolution of COVID-19 in-hospital mortality in Switzerland, while also accounting for risk factors.
METHODS: We investigated the trends in COVID-19-related mortality (in-hospital and in-intermediate/intensive-care) over time in Switzerland, from February 2020 to June 2021, comparing in particular the first and the second wave. We used data from the COVID-19 Hospital-based Surveillance (CH-SUR) database. We performed survival analyses adjusting for well-known risk factors of COVID-19 mortality (age, sex and comorbidities) and accounting for competing risk.
RESULTS: Our analysis included 16,984 patients recorded in CH-SUR, with 2201 reported deaths due to COVID-19 (13.0%). We found that overall in-hospital mortality was lower during the second wave of COVID-19 than in the first wave (hazard ratio [HR] 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63– 0.78; p <0.001), a decrease apparently not explained by changes in demographic characteristics of patients. In contrast, mortality in intermediate and intensive care significantly increased in the second wave compared with the first wave (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.05–1.49; p = 0.029), with significant changes in the course of hospitalisation between the first and the second wave.

CONCLUSION: We found that, in Switzerland, COVID-19 mortality decreased among hospitalised persons, whereas it increased among patients admitted to intermediate or intensive care, when comparing the second wave to the first wave. We put our findings in perspective with changes over time in case management, treatment strategy, hospital burden and non-pharmaceutical interventions. Further analyses of the potential effect of virus variants and of vaccination on mortality would be crucial to have a complete overview of COVID-19 mortality trends throughout the different phases of the pandemic.
Rebuilding the community and the church post-COVID-19
Authors: Verster Pieter
Published: November 2021

The catastrophic destructions of the Temple in Jewish history led to different reactions. Although they left a serious mark on all of Israel’s future endeavours and the prophets warned the people of the coming disasters, they also proclaimed hope, even after the destruction. Some Jews reacted to it by forming close-knit communities and their commitment to the Torah. It remained a serious challenge to their faith and community life. They carefully studied the prophets to understand the implications of the destructions of the temples. Christians explained that Jesus had to be honoured as Lord after the destruction of the Temple. In the Gospels, Jesus foretold the terrible situation of the demise of the Temple and that his body would be the new Temple.
New life is possible in Him and in the coming of the Kingdom. Some exegetes link the cursing of the fig tree by Jesus to the destruction of the temple, but others see it as a general warning to the Jewish people to honour God. It is also very important that the resurrection of Jesus is regarded as the rebuilding of the new temple in his body. After the COVID-19 pandemic, believers as servants of the Lord have to build up the church and empower the community again. This should be done in respect of Jesus the crucified and resurrected Lord. The church has a huge task in this regard, not only by proclaiming Jesus as our only comfort in life and death, but also in the commitment to the building up of the community post-Covid-19. This should be accomplished by humbling and fully following Jesus.
A qualitative Pastoral Care Model on teenage care in the Methodist Church of Southern Africa
Authors: Jibiliza Xolisa
Published: November 2021

This paper sought to explore the perceptions of and the experiences of the Methodist Church of Southern Africa (MCSA) on teenage care in territories of the Port Elizabeth North Circuit. It is during adolescence that religious beliefs and values are anticipated to begin to assume the same meanings that they have in later life. The study, from which this paper is derived, was informed by a qualitative approach using a case study design. The study also used interviews complemented by focus group discussions as data collection methods. The study comprised 22 participants who remained anonymous, that were selected through the use of a purposive sampling technique. This paper revealed the following thematic findings: Convictions on the lives of teenagers, teenager’s habits that affect behavior, observation of teenagers’ aggressions. Furthermore, this paper employed a pastoral care approach as a theoretical or conceptual framework and made the following recommendations: There is need for the MCSA to have committees that will formulate structures for sustaining projects and give an account of finance utilization as many teenagers drop out from school for financial reasons. The MCSA, Department of Social Development, NGOs and the Department of Health should work together to strategize on structuring the welfare of children in communities general. The MCSA should take into account all the special conditions that are associated with child abuse. The Methodist should develop a teenage care policy and integrate it into its existing polices.
Decoloniality of school governance in Lesotho: A Religio-historical approach
Authors: Mokotso Rev. Dr. Rasebate Isaac
Published: November 2021

In this work, I examined the church's continuous ownership and governance of schools in Lesotho using colonial discourse analysis. I began by underlining the power struggle between the church and the state in school management, which dates back to the introduction of Western formal education in Lesotho by missionaries. I then argued that coloniality is the cause of the church's continued ownership and governance of schools. I also demonstrated how the church's continued ownership and administration of schools has harmed the church's credibility while also jeopardising education service delivery in the country. Decoloniality is presented as a counter-approach in my recommendation. Decoloniality deconstructs and reveals the limitations of coloniality ideology masquerading as the truth of events, as promoted by both religious and secular fundamentalists. Decoloniality proposes border thinking at various stages of delinking from a mission Christian education system. Border thinking assumes a diversity of viewpoints, with religious and secular viewpoints coexisting in the delivery of public education.
“Freely you have received, freely give”: A Socio-Ethical Analysis of Charismatic Engagements and Pentecostalism in Nigeria
Authors: AJAYI Sunday Daniel , FAMILUSI Olumuyiwa Olusesan
Published: November 2021

The manifestation and demonstration of spiritual gifts have always generated a lot of argument among Christians and non-Christians in Nigerian society. While some people deny the reality of the gifts thereby camping with the cessationists, other parties submit to the continuation of the spiritual gifts among the contemporary Christians. However, in scholarship the discourse has taken different dimensions which include the theological, effectual, biblical and philosophical perspectives with little attention paid to the socio-ethical aspect of the matter which is the major concern of this paper. The work is premised on Thomas Hobbes’ Theory of Psychological Egoism, which emphasises the benefit or reward as the motivating factor for every action performed by man, this article intends to investigate the alleged commercialization of prophetic gifts among the Nigerian pastors and to determine whether this is the major cause for the increase of the demonstration of charismatic gifts in the country. Interviews were conducted with Christians and ministers for data collection; which were
complemented with relevant literature. The paper pays attention to charismatic display and Pentecostalism, current level of charismata in Nigerian Pentecostal churches, encouraging factors of charismatic activities and socio-ethical assessment of the display of spiritual gifts in Nigeria’s churches, while Christian morally pertinent ways of demonstrating spiritual gifts in an ethical manner is recommended
Vajinismus’ta Çözüm Odakli Kısa Süreli Terapi Yaklaşımı: Olgu Sunumu
Authors: ÜSTGÖRÜL Sema , KEÇE Cem , ÇAY Mustafa
Published: November 2021

Cinsel sağlık, duygusal, zihinsel ve sosyal olarak cinsellikle ilgili iyilik hali olarak tanımlanmakta olup, cinsel ilişkilerde zorlama ve şiddet içermeden keyifli, güvenli ve saygılı bir yaklaşımı içermektedir. Cinsel sağlık sorunları bireylerin ruhsal ve sosyal açıdan mutsuz olmalarına ve aile içindeki dinamiğin bozulmasına neden olan önemli bir aile sağlığı sorunudur.

Bireylerin psikososyal ve kültürel yapısı, ekonomik sorunlar, yaş dönemlerine bağlı yaşanan değişiklikler, fiziksel ve psikiyatrik hastalıklar, bazı ilaç tedavileri, eş kayıpları, partnerin cinsel işlev problemi yaşaması, sadakatsizlik cinsel işlev bozukluklarına neden olan etmenlerdir ve kadınların yaklaşık %40'ı cinsel işlev sorunu yaşamaktadır. Kadın cinsel işlev bozuklarından vajinismus, vajinal penetrasyon sırasında korku ya da anksiyete yaşamaya bağlı pelvik kasların kasılması ve cinsel ilişkiye girememe sorunudur. Literatürde İran’da kadınların %19,2’sinin, Tunus’ta %40,0’ının ve İstanbul’da %36,2’sinin vajinismus yaşadığı saptanmıştır. Cinsel işlev bozuklukları, cinsel danışmanlık/terapi ile çözümlenebilmektedir.

Bu olguda 14 aydır evli olan çiftin pandemi döneminde vajinismus sorununun Çözüm Odaklı Kısa Süreli Terapi’ye dayalı cinsel danışmanlık ile çözülmesi ele alınmıştır. Çiftimiz altı ay nişanlılık dönemi yaşamıştır. Bu dönemde kısa yakınlaşmalar yaşansa bile cinsel ilişki için evlenmeyi beklediklerini ifade etmişlerdir. Bir yıldan fazla olan evlilik sürecinde cinsel birliktelikte bulunamadıklarını ve artık bu durumdan çok sıkıldıklarını belirtmişlerdir. Severek evlenmiş olmalarına rağmen bu sorun nedeniyle evliliklerinin sonlanması korkusu yaşadıkları için özel psikolojik danışmanlık merkezine cinsel danışmanlık için başvuruda bulunmuşlardır.

Çiftin cinsel sorunu Çözüm Odaklı Kısa Süreli Terapi temeline dayalı iki seans yüz yüze, üç seans online danışmanlık yapılmıştır.

Sonuç olarak tedavi olmak için sağlık profesyonellerine en çok başvurulan cinsel sorulardan olan vajinismus, Çözüm Odaklı Kısa Süreli Terapi yaklaşımı ile tedavi edilebildiği görülmektedir.
The Religious Interactions between the Luwians and Arameans
Authors: BARDAKCI Kürşat
Published: November 2021

Two peoples that stood out with their unique languages in ancient history: Luwian and Arameans. These two peoples with different cultures and origins meet in Northern Syria in the 10th century BC. They mostly acted together against the Assyrian state in the political units known as the Neo-Hittite principalities. Luwians and Arameans decide to live together in this geography rather than conflict. By adopting the Hieroglyphic Luwian, the Arameans used this language especially in monumental buildings. Because, Hieroglyphic Luwian was the most suitable writing for transferring the texts that were desired to be permanent to monumental structures. Similarly, Aramaic reached the Greek world through the Luwians. Thus, Aramaic language has been the common language of agreement of different communities, especially in commercial relations. It is inevitable to experience cultural interactions in the geography where the language spreads. As a matter of fact, the Aramean Moon cult Sin became a very popular cult among the Luwians. Even, the Aramean cult of Sin surpassed the Luwian cult of the Moon, Arma. Apart from this, Luwian cults Tarhu and Runta and Aramaic cults Hadad and Rešeph are seen as equivalents of each other.
Development of online shopping within B2C e-commerce in the Visegrad Four countries
Authors: Kral Stefan , Fedorko Richard
Published: November 2021

Online shopping has become an increasingly common way of shopping in recent years. The main goal of the paper was to evaluate and compare the development of online shopping in the Visegrad Four countries (Slovakia, Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary). The paper outlines the theoretical basis of online shopping concept, describes the current situation of online shopping in the EU market and the main types of goods and services purchased through the Internet. Based on data from the Eurostat database, the paper outlines the development of online shopping in the years 2011 to 2019, the share of online purchases in the EU market and online purchases of goods and services within the V4 countries for the given years. We found that in all countries, an increasing trend of online shopping was recorded over the period under review, with the largest increase in the Czech Republic. There was also a growing share of online purchases from retailers in other EU countries, with the largest increase recorded in Hungary. With regard to online purchases of services, year-on-year decline over the period of two years has been recorded in Slovakia.
The Application of Small-Scale and Large-Scale Wind Turbines in Kerman, Iran; A Case Study
Authors: Askari Ighball Baniasad , Askari Lina Baniasad , Kaykhah Mohammad Mehdi
Published: November 2021

Wind data collected of the three synoptic sites for the period of Jul 2006 to Jun 2008 at the height of 40 m has been used to study the wind characteristics, monthly and annual wind energy potential for three agricultural districts in Kerman ( 30°15/N, 56°58/E ), Iran. Two statistical methods (Meteorological and Weibull) have been applied to determine the wind characteristics. Wind energy density, mean wind speeds and wind speed directions have been investigated. A technical assessment has been done and the electricity generation from five different wind turbines having capacity of (26 kW, 100 kW, 300 kW, 600 kW and 660 kW) has been calculated. The results show that all the locations studied are not suitable for electric wind application in a large-scale.
The Impact of Classroom Management Strategies on the Students’ Academic Success in the Computer- Assisted Lesson
Authors: Iacob Ioana , Muşuroi Corina
Published: November 2021

The present study aims to highlight that there is a direct connection between the classroom management strategies involved in the computer-assisted lesson and students’ success in retaining information and building learning skills and competences. One of the roles that a teacher must assume in order to improve the instructional process is that of a classroom manager. As long as teaching is no longer understood as information transfer, teachers must learn efficient approaches of the contemporary multileveled instructional process. The aspects discussed in this paper regard the role of an active teacher, the student-centred instruction, building long term valid skills and competences, increasing students’ awareness and participation, managing discipline as a source of responsibilization, developing a positive teacher-student relationship, acquiring and using scientifically developed teaching strategies in the technologyaided classroom
Image Representation Method Based on Complex Wavelet Transform and Phase Congruency, with Automatic Threshold Selection
Authors: Arathi T. , Parameswaran Latha
Published: November 2021

Image representation is an active area of research with increasing applications in military and defense. Image representation aims at representing an image with lesser number of coefficients than the actual image, without affecting the image quality. It is the first step in image compression. Once the image is represented by using some set of coefficients, it is further encoded using various compression algorithms. This paper proposes an adaptive method for image representation, which uses Complex Wavelet transform and the concept of phase congruency, where the number of coefficients used for image representation depends on the information content in the input image. The efficiency of the proposed method has been assessed by comparing the number of coefficients used to represent the image using the proposed method with that used when Complex Wavelet transform is used for image representation. The resultant image quality is determined by computing the PSNR values and Normalized Cross Correlation. Experiments carried out show highly promising results, in terms of the reduction in the number of coefficients used for image representation and the quality of the resultant image.
Finite Element Analysis of the Lower Extrtemity - Hinge Knee Behavior Under Dynamic Load
Authors: Zach L. , Konvickova S. , Ruzicka P.
Published: November 2021

A key goal of joint endoprosthesis is to become a full-featured functional and anatomical replacement. The joint damage may occur for several reasons - primarily a disease of different nature and magnitude, resulting in gradual and irreversible changes and in an extreme solution in the implantation of artificial joints. However, there should be also mentioned accidents leading to joint destruction, which are often "trigger mechanism" of the disease. This work therefore presents a dynamic computational finite element analysis of a hinge-type knee replacement, which aim to streamline and accelerate the development of knee endoprosthesis. It tackles a question of the overall strength of the implant and detects sites of elevated concentrations of stresses that may be potential sources of implant damages. It also studies the behavior of the endoprosthesis under dynamic loads with emphasis on the study of the shape and size of the contact surfaces, which are closely related to the size of the contact pressure and material wear. Aside the hinged knee replacement, the computational model consisted of femur, fibula, tibia, patella and 25 most important muscles of the lower limb. Due to realistic definition of the boundary conditions, this model is suitable for investigation of invivo knee joint replacement behavior.
Control of Upper Limb Active Prosthesis Using Surface Electromyography
Authors: Waris Muhammad Asim , Jamil Mohsin , Gilani Syed Omer , Ayaz Yasar
Published: November 2021

Electromyographic prosthesis with higher degrees of freedom is an expanding area of research. In this paper, active prosthesis with four degrees of freedom has been investigated, which can be used to fit a limb with amputation below elbow. The system comprises of multichannel inputs which correspond to the flexion and extension as well as supination and pronation. To find maximum surface neural activity, accurate placement of electrodes has been carried out on 10 subjects aged between 22-30 years. Signals (0-500 hertz) acquired from contracting voluntary muscles with minimum cross talk and common mode noise. Clean filtered EMG signal is then amplified precisely. Finally digitization is being done to drive bionic hand. Practical demonstration on a simple DC motor proved providential using this method for the two motions of an actual human arm. EMG Signals emanating from muscles dedicated to individual fingers have been recorded. Moreover modern classifiers; KNN and NN have been investigated carefully with selected features through different time and noise levels.