bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Minority ethnic groups in computer science research
Authors: Agarwal Swati , Mittal Nitish , Sureka Ashish
Published: June 2017

Ensuring racial and ethnic diversity in any field including computer science research is important to maintain a positive and prosperous society. Policy makers and government at the national and international level can take appropriate actions and intervene to elevate minorities based on empirical evidence and facts. We present empirical evidence on scholarly paper contributions in the field of computer science by thirteen ethnic groups. We analyze authorship of thousands of papers from a well-known bibliographic database in computer science and various subfields of computer science such as data engineering, software engineering and theory. We present the extent of contribution of various ethnic groups for a period of 17 years and identify ethnic groups having low contribution. We provide answers to several research questions such as author ethnicity distribution across computer science papers, upward and downward trends across years, extent of gender imbalance and the percentage of most prolific authors across various ethnic groups.
The costs and benefits of treating the browser like an operating system
Authors: Kanich Chris
Published: June 2017

Browsers have become the de facto platform for modern software distribution. Naturally, browser vendors want to expose all the capabilities provided by modern computing devices to the websites that are running code through the browser. This added complexity introduces additional risks to users' security and privacy. Here I present one method for inferring the risks and rewards to the user of these new features, and consider how we can better manage this tradeoff in the future.
Data rescue
Authors: McGovern Nancy Y.
Published: June 2017

In this article, Nancy Y. McGovern, Head of Digital Preservation for the MIT Libraries, discusses data rescue in the context of digital preservation, archival practice, and public policy.
The Mobilization of Criminal Law
Authors: Berg Mark T. , Rogers Ethan M.
Published: June 2017

Perhaps few decisions have more of an impact on the operational functioning of the criminal justice system than the decision by victims of crime to notify the police. Researchers in the United States and abroad have found that victims often choose not to mobilize the criminal law in the aftermath of a victimization event. A large percentage of property and violent crimes never appear in official crime data estimates. Most remain hidden in the dark figure of crime. Victim nonreporting has numerous implications for criminal justice system processing, crime control policy, and substantive research on the causes and correlates of crime. Studies have long sought to identify the victim-, incident-, and community-based mechanisms that might account for patterns of police notification. Although several important findings have emerged, critical questions remain unanswered. This article provides a critical overview of the determinants of victim nonreporting and charts potential avenues for future research.
A checklist of the avian fauna of Chittagong University campus, Bangladesh
Authors: Kabir M. Tarik , Ahsan M. Farid , Rahman M. Mizanur , Islam M. Manirul
Published: June 2017

Avian composition of the Chittagong University Campus (CUC), Chittagong, Bangladesh was studied through direct field observations between 2007 and 2014.  Two-hundred-and-fifteen species belonging to 63 families were recorded during the study period, which are 33.08% of the country’s total species of birds.  Among the birds, 160 species were resident, 51 migratory and 4 vagrant; of which 101 species were very common, 36 common, 29 uncommon, 22 few and 27 rare.  The status of these birds in CUC has also been compared with the country’s status.  The species richness of birds in the study area reveals that it is a potential habitat for birds, so an urgent step should be taken to conserve this unique habitat in Bangladesh.
First record of hagfish (Cyclostomata: Myxinidae) in Indian waters
Authors: Fernholm B. , Kumar A. Biju , Norén Michael
Published: June 2017

One specimen of hag fish Eptatretus sp. was collected from the Arabian Sea, off Kerala coast of India at 500-600 m depth. The phylogenetic analysis using the sequence of mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase C (CO1) suggested the Eptatretus sp. collected from India is distinct from all other species where sequence data is available and P ID (Liberal) for Eptatretus sp. collected from India is 0.96, indicating a high probability that an unknown member of the putative species would be correctly identified as a member once more specimens are collected.
Genetic diversity of the Green Turtle (Testudines: Cheloniidae: Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus, 1758)) population nesting at Kosgoda Rookery, Sri Lanka
Authors: Ekanayake E. M.L. , Kapurusinghe T. , Saman M. M. , Rathnakumara D. S. , Samaraweera P. , Rajakaruna R. S.
Published: June 2017

We determined the genetic diversity of the Green Turtle Chelonia mydas (Linneaus, 1758) nesting at Kosgoda rookery, the second largest sea turtle aggregation on the southwestern coast of Sri Lanka.  Skin tissue samples were collected from 68 nesting females and genetic diversity was estimated using six microsatellite loci.  High genetic diversity was observed within the population as all loci analyzed were highly polymorphic with a total of 149 alleles observed.  The mean number of alleles per locus was 24.7 and the mean observed and expected heterozygosity across all loci were 0.75 and 0.93, respectively.  It appears that five out of six loci were not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, while micro-checker analysis suggested that the Kosgoda Green Turtle population was possibly in equilibrium.  The viability of a population is unlikely to be reduced if high genetic diversity is maintained within it.  Although the Green Turtle population nesting at Kosgoda is small compared to other nesting rookeries in the world, the high genetic diversity observed suggests that the population may not be undergoing a bottleneck.
Prognostic Nutritional Index and the Risk of Mortality in Patients With Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Cheng Yu‐Lun , Sung Shih‐Hsien , Cheng Hao‐Min , Hsu Pai‐Feng , Guo Chao‐Yu , Yu Wen‐Chung , Chen Chen‐Huan
Published: June 2017

Background

Nutritional status has been related to clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure. We assessed the association between nutritional status, indexed by prognostic nutritional index (
PNI
), and survival in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure.

Methods and Results

A total of 1673 patients (age 76±13 years, 68% men) hospitalized for acute heart failure in a tertiary medical center were analyzed.
PNI
was calculated as 10×serum albumin (g/dL)+0.005×total lymphocyte count (per mm
3
). National Death Registry was linked to identify the clinical outcomes of all‐cause and cardiovascular death. With increasing tertiles of
PNI
, age and N‐terminal probrain natriuretic peptide decreased, and body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and hemoglobin increased. During a mean follow‐up duration of 31.5 months, a higher
PNI
tertile was related to better survival free from all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality in the total study population and in participants with either reduced or preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. After accounting for age, sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate, left ventricular ejection fraction, serum sodium level, and on‐admission systolic blood pressure,
PNI
was independently associated with cardiovascular death and total mortality (hazard ratio per 1 SD of the natural logarithm of the PNI: 0.76 [95% CI, 0.66–0.87] and 0.79 [95% CI, 0.73–0.87], respectively). In subgroup analyses stratified by age, sex, left ventricular ejection fraction, body mass index, or estimated glomerular filtration rate,
PNI
was consistently related to mortality.

Conclusions

PNI
is independently associated with long‐term survival in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure with either reduced or preserved left ventricular ejection fraction.
Exiting the Comfort Zone: From Algorithm to Interaction in the Early Work of Simon Biggs
Authors: Biggs Simon
Published: June 2017

The 1970s and early 1980s saw the emergence of the microcomputer and the domain of personal computing. Within that context, some artists were working with such digital systems, contributing to these developments in various ways. This article reflects upon one such artist’s involvement in these developments and how his initial interest in computational processes allowed him to explore a series of formal concerns, and how this then evolved into an engagement with more conceptual and philosophical concerns around the ontology of people and technology. The article also considers the value of undertaking creative work in interdisciplinary research environments.
On the Hunt
Authors: Norberg Joakim , Engström Andreas , Kjellén Viktor , Carlsson Jan
Published: June 2017

The aim of the present study was to examine hunters’ experiences of leisure hunting, with a focus on the human-nonhuman animal relationship aspect of the activity. Interviews with twelve Swedish hunters were conducted and analyzed with an inductive thematic approach. The analysis showed that hunting led to an experience of completeness. This experience was complex, encompassing positive ingredients such as flow, peak experience, and transcendence, but there were also negative emotions such as guilt, disgust, and shame. The study showed that the hunters seemed to be aware of these feelings and that killing an animal was thus an ambivalent experience, involving the contrasting feelings of euphoria and guilt.
Relationships between Knowledge of Chicken Production Systems and Advocacy by Animal Protection Workers
Authors: Ross Tara , Phillips Clive J.C.
Published: June 2017

Animal protection organizations expect their staff to understand and support high welfare standards in animal production. Relationships between Australian animal protection organization workers’ knowledge of chicken production systems, purchasing behavior, and opinion-leading behavior were investigated. Forty-five percent of knowledge questions were answered correctly. Knowledge was mostly gained from animal protection organizations and online literature. Knowledgeable respondents were more critical of both conventional and free range/organic chicken systems and were more likely to avoid eating chicken meat, but not eggs. They were more likely to approach those responsible, in government or industry, about welfare issues and were more likely to discuss animal welfare issues at work and in a social setting. They were also more likely to ask questions about animal welfare standards of food provided at butchers, farmers’ markets, social meals, and restaurants/cafés. Therefore, knowledge was linked to advocacy for improved animal welfare by animal protection organization workers.
Muslim Female Religious Authority in Russia: How Mukhlisa Bubi Became the First Female Qāḍī in the Modern Muslim World
Authors: Garipova Rozaliya
Published: June 2017

On 11 May 1917, the participants of the All-Russia Muslim Congress elected a woman, Mukhlisa Bubi, as a qāḍī (a Muslim judge) to the Central Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Inner Russia and Siberia. Granting legal authority to a woman at a central religious institution was unprecedented in the Muslim world. This article explores how this election was possible in Russia and suggests that it was the outcome of several factors. First, Muslim women of the Volga-Ural region already occupied a well-established place in traditional Muslim education, and many women were part of the Islamic scholarly culture. Second, modernist (Jadīd) religious scholars and intellectuals had brought up the issue of women education and female schooling, and supported the formation of a network of young women who made new claims about women’s education, rights, and active public stance in serving the nation. Among these were Bubi’s brothers. Third, the Russian revolutionary atmosphere worked as a catalyst for promoting the claims of women activists and provided the Jadīds the opportunity to take over the authority at the Central Spiritual Administration. Finally, Mukhlisa’s election seems to be a compromise between conservative and feminist/liberal groups in the society, and seems to have therefore been acceptable to most male congress delegates.
Taxonomic revision of the water scavenger beetle genus Sternolophus Solier, 1834 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)
Authors: NASSERZADEH HIVA , KOMAREK ALBRECHT
Published: June 2017

The Old World water scavenger beetle genus Sternolophus Solier is revised. Six new species are described: Sternolophus acutipenis sp. n., S. insulanus sp. n., S. jaechi sp. n., S. mandelai sp. n., S. prominolobus sp. n. and S. solitarius sp. n. Three taxa are reinstated as valid species: Sternolophus angustatus (Boheman), S. elongatus Schaufuss and S. mundus (Boheman). The subgenera within the genus are rejected and Neosternolophus Zaitzev syn. n. is synonymized with Sternolophus s. str. Lectotypes are designated for Hydrophilus angolensis Erichson, H. angustatus, H. rufipes Fabricius, Sternolophus brachyacanthus Régimbart, S. comoriensis Fairmaire, S. elongatus, S. frater Schaufuss, and S. rufipes var. foveoliceps Kolbe. On the basis of similar morphological characters, two species-groups are proposed for some of the species within the genus: The angolensis group including S. angolensis, S. inconspicuus (Nietner), S. mundus, and S. solitarius, and the solieri group including S. angustatus, S. elongatus, S. mandelai, S. rufipes Fabricius, and S. solieri Castelnau. Sternolophus unicolor (Castelnau) is considered a nomen dubium. Male genitalia and other diagnostic morphological characters are illustrated, and distribution maps are presented for all 17 species.
First Velarifictorus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae, Gryllinae) cricket described from Borneo (Southeast Asia) and notes on a co-occurring congener
Authors: TAN MING KAI , INGRISCH SIGFRID , WAHAB RODZAY BIN HAJI ABDUL
Published: June 2017

Based on newly collected specimens from Brunei, a new species of Velarifictorus Randell, 1964 is described: Velarifictorus temburongensis sp. nov. This represents the first species of the genus Velarifictorus to be described from Borneo. Unexpectedly, the more widespread species Velarifictorus aspersus aspersus (Walker, 1869) was found together with the new species in the same locality, representing a new locality record for V. aspersus in Brunei. We used MaxEnt modelling to test if it was likely that this species occurs in Ulu Temburong and Borneo based on a set of bioclimatic predictors. While MaxEnt modelling showed that V. aspersus can occur in Borneo, it did not convincingly predict its occurrence in Ulu Temburong where it was found. Based on the model, maximum temperature of warmest month, minimum temperature of coldest month and annual precipitation are important bioclimatic variables to predict the distribution.
A new species of Tanaopsis (Crustacea: Tanaidacea) from Japan, with remarks on the functions of serial ridges and grooves on the appendages
Authors: KAKUI KEIICHI , SHIMADA DAISUKE
Published: June 2017

We describe Tanaopsis japonica sp. nov. from intertidal and nearshore habitats around Hokkaido Island, northern Japan. This species closely resembles T. chotkarakde Bird & Bamber, 2000 and T. rawhitia Bird, 2011 in having the uropod with the endopod biarticulate and the exopod uniarticulate, but differs from them in the following characters: pereonite 4 as long as pereonite 5; mandibles lacking the molar; the number of simple setae on the antenna, propodal palm, and dactylus of pereopods 1–3; the number of spiniform setae on the cutting surface of the chelipedal dactylus; and the number of setae on the pleopods. We also determined a nearly complete nucleotide sequence for the 18S rRNA gene in T. japonica. In both sexes, Tanaopsis japonica sp. nov. bears serial ridges and grooves on the chela, antennule, and antenna. Parallel, fringed hatch marks on the chelipedal dactylus may function in stridulation. A series of denticulate ridges on the dorsal surface of antennal article 2 faces the ventral side of article 1 of the antennule, where there is a ventral series of slight grooves. Although the ranges of motion of the antennule and antenna were unclear, the ridges and grooves on the antenna and antennule may also function in producing sound. Two outer series of ridges on the chela, together with an outer furrow on the chela, may function in digging, by allowing bottom-sediments to be efficiently pushed aside.
Interannual Variability of Sea Surface Temperature in the Southwest Pacific and the Role of Ocean Dynamics
Authors: Bowen Melissa , Markham Jordan , Sutton Philip , Zhang Xuebin , Wu Quran , Shears Nick T. , Fernandez Denise
Published: June 2017

This paper investigates the mechanisms causing interannual variability of upper ocean heat content and sea surface temperature (SST) in the southwest Pacific. Using the ECCOv4 ocean reanalysis it is shown that air–sea heat flux and ocean heat transport convergence due to ocean dynamics both contribute to the variability of upper ocean temperatures around New Zealand. The ocean dynamics responsible for the ocean heat transport convergence are investigated. It is shown that SSTs are significantly correlated with the arrival of barotropic Rossby waves estimated from the South Pacific wind stress over the latitudes of New Zealand. Both Argo observations and the ECCOv4 reanalysis show deep isotherms fluctuate coherently around the country. The authors suggest that the depth of the thermocline around New Zealand adjusts to changes in the South Pacific winds, modifies the vertical advection of heat into the upper ocean, and contributes to the interannual variability of SST in the region.
The Angelina Jolie effect – Impact on breast and ovarian cancer prevention A systematic review of effects after the public announcement in May 2013
Authors: Troiano Gianmarco , Nante Nicola , Cozzolino Mauro
Published: June 2017

Background:

On 14 May 2013, Angelina Jolie (AJ), revealed herself to be the carrier of a BReast CAncer 1 (BRCA1) gene mutation and announced her decision to undergo a prophylactic mastectomy, followed by a laparoscopic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. This review explores the impact of the ‘Angelina Jolie Effect’ in order to reveal whether her announcement led to a change in the attitude of patients, and in decisions regarding healthcare options focusing especially on referrals, on genetic tests and on prophylactic mastectomies.

Methods:

Between January–February 2017, we performed a systematic search in PubMed using the key search term ‘Angelina Jolie’. We searched for studies published between 2013 and 2017, reporting data on number of BRCA1/2 tests, number of referrals for breast or ovarian cancer and number of performed mastectomies, before and after AJ’s disclosure. We considered eligible for inclusion all cross-sectional, retrospective, prospective studies written in English.

Results:

The literature search yielded 27 publications. After the analysis of title, abstracts and full text, we identified eight manuscripts for inclusion in the review. The studies were conducted from 2011 to 2015 in the USA, Austria, Australia, Canada and the UK. The announcement generated an increase of referrals for breast/ovarian cancer with peaks of +285%, an increase of BRCA tests with a peak of +80%, but did not lead to a significant increase of prophylactic mastectomies. Patients with a lower level of education asked for information about cancer, and most patients became more aware of breast reconstruction post-mastectomy.

Conclusion:

Celebrity disclosures, such as AJ’s revelation of her BRCA status and her decision for a prophylactic mastectomy, can influence patients’ behaviour leading to important effects on attitudes towards screening. Organisations should assist patients appropriately, but at the same time should consider the available resources, and should interface with journalists and the social media in order to guarantee the validity of the information.
Beyond the Medical Model
Authors: Fitzpatrick Scott J. , River Jo
Published: June 2017

The medical model continues to dominate research and shape policy and service responses to suicide. In this work we challenge the assumption that the medical model always provides the most effective and appropriate care for persons who are suicidal. In particular, we point to service user perspectives of health services which show that interventions are often experienced as discriminatory, culturally inappropriate, and incongruent with the needs and values of persons who are suicidal. We then examine “humanistic” approaches to care that have been proposed as a corrective to an overly medical model. We argue that the focus on improving interpersonal relations set out in humanistic approaches does not mitigate the prevailing risk management culture in contemporary suicide prevention and may impede the provision of more effective care. Finally, we draw attention to the tradition of non-medical approaches to supporting persons who are suicidal. Using Maytree (a U.K. crisis support service) as a case study, we outline some of the key features of alternative service models that we consider central to the design of more culturally appropriate and effective interventions. We conclude by making three key recommendations for improving services to persons who are suicidal.
Current and Emerging Treatments for Postsurgical Cleft Lip Scarring: Effectiveness and Mechanisms
Authors: Papathanasiou E. , Trotman C.A. , Scott A.R. , Van Dyke T.E.
Published: June 2017

Cleft lip with or without cleft palate is the most common congenital malformation of the head and the third-most common birth defect. Surgical repair of the lip is the only treatment and is usually performed during the first year of life. Hypertrophic scar (HTS) formation is a frequent postoperative complication that impairs soft tissue form, function, or movement. Multiple lip revision operations are often required throughout childhood, attempting to optimize aesthetics and function. The mechanisms guiding HTS formation are multifactorial and complex. HTS is the result of dysregulated wound healing, where excessive collagen and extracellular matrix proteins are deposited within the wound area, resulting in persistent inflammation and resultant fibrosis. Many studies support the contribution of dysregulated, exaggerated inflammation in scar formation. Fibrosis and scarring result from chronic inflammation that interrupts tissue remodeling in normal wound healing. Failure of active resolution of inflammation pathways has been implicated. The management of HTS has been challenging for clinicians, since current therapies are minimally effective. Emerging evidence that specialized proresolving mediators of inflammation accelerate wound healing by preventing chronic inflammation and allowing natural uninterrupted tissue remodeling suggests new therapeutic opportunities in the prevention and management of HTS.
Locomotor effects of a low-frequency fire alarm on C57BL/6 male mice: a preliminary study
Authors: Povroznik Jessica M , Faith Robert E , Kessler Matthew J , Ali Frank N , Kosik James , Prince Stephen , Engler-Chiurazzi Elizabeth B
Published: June 2017

Maintaining appropriate acoustic conditions for animal welfare and data collection are crucial in biomedical research facilities. Negative impacts of disruptive sound are known and can include auditory damage, immune function changes, and behavioral alterations. One type of disruptive sound occurring in research facilities is that of fire alarms. To ameliorate this problem, many facilities have incorporated the use of low-frequency fire alarms that emit tones outside the rodent audible range. The impact of these devices has been assumed to be negligible. However, this has yet to be evaluated with controlled behavioral experiments. Thus, our objective was to investigate the impact of low-frequency fire alarm exposure on locomotor behavior in the open field, a test sensitive to acoustic stimuli disruption. Male mice were randomized to three alarm exposure groups (No-Alarm; Alarm-During; and Alarm-After) and placed in individual photobeam-activated locomotor chambers. The Alarm-During group displayed significantly reduced horizontal locomotion, with a trend towards reduced vertical locomotion. These data suggest that a low-frequency brief alarm tone can temporarily disrupt movement, a valuable insight should an alarm be deployed. Further, findings support close collaboration between researchers and institutional facility staff to ensure appropriate acoustic conditions are maintained, whenever possible, for research animals.
Optimal output-feedback tracking of SISO stochastic nonlinear systems using multi-dimensional Taylor network
Authors: Yan Hong-Sen , Han Yu-Qun , Sun Qi-Ming
Published: June 2017

The randomness and nonlinearity of stochastic nonlinear systems increase computational complexity and impede their tracking performance. However, randomness and nonlinearity are inevitable in practical applications, and the existing methods can hardly achieve the desirable control effect, especially in real-time control. For this end, a new network control strategy based on multi-dimensional Taylor network (MTN), whose design depends only on the system output, is put forward to solve the optimal output-feedback tracking problem of the SISO stochastic nonlinear systems. The network structure of the MTN is given first, and its approximation properties are proven. Based on the quadratic cost function design learning algorithm, the tracking error is minimized to update the controller parameters, and the desired tracking performance is obtained. Using the Lyapunov stability theorem, it is proved that the corresponding closed-loop system is bounded in the sense of probability and it can be ensured that the output tracking error converges to a small residual set around the origin in the sense of probability. An example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design approach. Comparative simulation study reveals that the proposed solution promises desirable real-time dynamic performance.
Psychological symptomatology and impaired prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex are associated with cannabis-induced psychosis
Authors: Morales-Muñoz Isabel , Martínez-Gras Isabel , Ponce Guillermo , de la Cruz Javier , Lora David , Rodríguez-Jiménez Roberto , Jurado-Barba Rosa , Navarrete Francisco , García-Gutiérrez María Salud , Manzanares Jorge , Rubio Gabriel
Published: June 2017

Background:

Cannabis-induced psychotic disorder (CIPD) is a psychiatric disorder induced by cannabis consumption. The psychological and psychophysiological features of this disorder are still unknown. We aimed to examine the psychological, personality and psychophysiological features of patients with CIPD. This study is an analytical extension of our previously published data, which previously found prepulse inhibition (PPI) deficits in the CIPD group used in this current paper.

Methods:

We used a sample of 45 patients with CIPD. After 9 months of follow up, these patients were assessed with a Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R) questionnaire of psychopathology, with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and with a psychophysiological paradigm of inhibition of the startle reflex (PPI). These results were compared with a group of patients with schizophrenia and cannabis abuse (SCHZ) ( n = 54); patients with cannabis dependence (CD) ( n = 21); and healthy controls ( n = 50).

Results:

CIPD patients obtained significant higher scores in the SCL-90-R subscale of neuroticism. These patients showed PPI percentages similar to SCHZ patients within early attentional levels (30 ms). The variables with greater correlation, and that appeared in the CIPD group were interpersonal sensitivity, depression and phobia.

Conclusions:

Neurotic symptomatology and difficulties in inhibition of the startle reflex might be risk factors for developing CIPD.
Do racial/ethnic disparities exist in recommended migraine treatments in US ambulatory care?
Authors: Charleston IV Larry , Burke James Francis
Published: June 2017

Background

Racial disparities in migraine have been reported in the US. Migraine in African Americans (AA) is more frequent, more severe, more likely to become chronic and associated with more depression and lower quality of life compared to non-Hispanic Whites (NHW). It is possible that racial differences in prescribing practices contribute to these differences, but little is known about the quality of migraine prescribing patterns in the US or whether racial differences exist.

Objective

To determine if racial differences in quality of migraine medical prescription care exist.

Methods

We used data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey to estimate differences in the use of migraine prophylactic and abortive medications by race. Quality of migraine care was defined using the American Academy of Neurology Headache Quality Measure Set (AAN-HQMS). Patients were assigned to one of four categories representing the overall quality of evidence for their abortive and prophylactic medications using the AAN-HQMS. We hypothesized that there would be suboptimal migraine treatment in minority populations. Racial comparisons were made using descriptive statistics after applying NAMCS survey weights.

Results

Two thousand, eight hundred and sixty visits were included in the study, representing approximately 50 million migraine visits in the US from 2006–2013. In all, 41.3% of AA, 40.8% of NHW, and 41.2% of Hispanic (HI) patients received no prophylactic treatments ( p = 0.99). A total of 18.8% of AA patients, 11.9% of NHW patients, and 6.9% of HI patients received exclusively Level A prophylaxis ( p = 0.30). A total of 47.1% of AA patients, 38.2% of NHW patients, and 36.3% of HI patients received no abortive treatments ( p = 0.23). In total, 15.3% of AA patients, 19.4% of NHW patients, and 17.7% of HI patients received any Level A abortives (i.e. triptans or Dihydroergotamine; DHE, p = 0.64). A total of 15.2% of all patients had a prescription for opiates, but there were no racial differences.

Conclusions

Migraine may be undertreated with prophylactic medications. Level A acute analgesics may be underused and opiates overused. No major racial/ethnic differences in abortive or prophylactic treatment were identified.
Establishing Maximal Medical Improvement After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Zuke William A. , Leroux Timothy S. , Gregory Bonnie P. , Black Austin , Forsythe Brian , Romeo Anthony A. , Verma Nikhil N.
Published: June 2017

Background:

As health care transitions from a pay-for-service to a pay-for-performance infrastructure, the value of orthopaedic care must be defined accurately. Significant efforts have been made in defining quality and cost in arthroplasty; however, there remains a lag in ambulatory orthopaedic care.

Purpose:

Two-year follow-up has been a general requirement for reporting outcomes after rotator cuff repair. However, this time requirement has not been established scientifically and is of increasing importance in the era of value-based health care. Given that arthroscopic rotator cuff repair is a common ambulatory orthopaedic procedure, the purpose of this study was to establish a time frame for maximal medical improvement (the state when improvement has stabilized) after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Methods:

A systematic review of the literature was conducted, identifying studies reporting sequential patient-reported outcomes up to a minimum of 2 years after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. The primary clinical outcome was patient-reported outcomes at 3-month, 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year follow-up. Secondary clinical outcomes included range of motion, strength, retears, and complications. Clinically significant improvement was determined between various time intervals by use of the minimal clinically important difference.

Results:

The review included 19 studies including 1370 patients who underwent rotator cuff repair. Clinically significant improvement in patient-reported outcomes was seen up to 1 year after rotator cuff repair, but no clinical significance was noted from 1 year to 2 years. The majority of improvement in strength and range of motion was seen up to 6 months, but no clinically meaningful improvement was seen thereafter. All reported complications and the majority of retears occurred within 6 months after rotator cuff repair.

Conclusion:

After rotator cuff repair, a clinically significant improvement in patient-reported outcomes, range of motion, and strength was seen up to 1 year after surgery, but not beyond this. This information is important not only to establish appropriate patient expectations but also to determine a time frame for outcome collection after surgery to better define value in orthopaedic care.
Changes in Cartilage Biomarker Levels During a Transcontinental Multistage Footrace Over 4486 km
Authors: Mündermann Annegret , Klenk Christopher , Billich Christian , Nüesch Corina , Pagenstert Geert , Schmidt-Trucksäss Arno , Schütz Uwe
Published: June 2017

Background:

Cartilage turnover and load-induced tissue changes are frequently assessed by quantifying concentrations of cartilage biomarkers in serum. To date, information on the effects of ultramarathon running on articular cartilage is scarce.

Hypothesis:

Serum concentrations of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)–1, MMP-3, MMP-9, COL2-3/4C long mono (C2C), procollagen type II C-terminal propeptide (CPII), and C2C:CPII will increase throughout a multistage ultramarathon.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Blood samples were collected from 36 runners (4 female; mean age, 49.0 ± 10.7 years; mean body mass index, 23.1 ± 2.3 kg/m2 [start] and 21.4 ± 1.9 kg/m2 [finish]) before (t0) and during (t1: 1002 km; t2: 2132 km; t3: 3234 km; t4: 4039 km) a 4486-km multistage ultramarathon. Serum COMP, MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-9, C2C, and CPII levels were assessed using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Linear mixed models were used to detect significant changes in serum biomarker levels over time with the time-varying covariates of body weight, running speed, and daily running time.

Results:

Serum concentrations of COMP, MMP-9, and MMP-3 changed significantly throughout the multistage ultramarathon. On average, concentrations increased during the first measurement interval (MI1: t1-t0) by 22.5% for COMP (95% CI, 0.29-0.71 ng/mL), 22.3% for MMP-3 (95% CI, 0.24-15.37 ng/mL), and 95.6% for MMP-9 (95% CI, 81.7-414.5 ng/mL) and remained stable throughout MI2, MI3, and MI4. Serum concentrations of MMP-1, C2C, CPII, and C2C:CPII did not change significantly throughout the multistage ultramarathon. Changes in MMP-3 were statistically associated with changes in COMP throughout the ultramarathon race (MMP-3: Wald Z = 3.476, P = .001).

Conclusion:

Elevated COMP levels indicate increased COMP turnover in response to extreme running, and the association between load-induced changes in MMP-3 and changes in COMP suggests the possibility that MMP-3 may be involved in the degradation of COMP.

Clinical Relevance:

These results suggest that articular cartilage is able to adapt even to extreme physical activity, possibly explaining why the risk of degenerative joint disease is not elevated in the running population.
Less Theory. More Description.
Authors: Besbris Max , Khan Shamus
Published: June 2017

Sociology must worry less about theoretical innovation and more about empirical description.
Characterizing Time to Diagnostic Resolution After an Abnormal Cancer Screening Exam in Older Adult Participants in the Ohio Patient Navigation Research Program
Authors: DeSalvo Jennifer M. , Young Gregory S. , Krok-Schoen Jessica L. , Paskett Electra D.
Published: June 2017

Objective: This study aims to test the effectiveness of a patient navigation (PN) intervention to reduce time to diagnostic resolution among older adults age ≥65 years versus those <65 years with abnormal breast, cervical, or colorectal cancer screening exams participating in the Ohio Patient Navigation Research Program (OPNRP). Method: The OPNRP utilized a nested cohort group-randomized trial design to randomize 862 participants ( n = 67 for ≥65 years; n = 795 for <65 years) to PN or usual care conditions. A shared frailty Cox model tested the effect of PN on time to resolution. Results: Older adult participants randomized to PN achieved a 6-month resolution rate that was 127% higher than those randomized to usual care ( p = .001). This effect was not significantly different from participants <65 years. Discussion: PN significantly reduced time to diagnostic resolution among older adults beginning 6 months after an abnormal cancer screening exam. Health care systems should include this population in PN programs to reduce cancer disparities.
Late-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: Is it “mild lupus”?
Authors: Sohn I W , Joo Y B , Won S , Bae S C
Published: June 2017

Objective

The objective of this paper is to investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with late-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using a prospective observational cohort.

Methods

Late-onset SLE (≥50 years old) was compared with adult-onset SLE (≥18 and <50 years old) using 1997 ACR classification criteria for SLE, autoantibodies, disease activity measured by Adjusted Mean SLE Disease Activity Index (AMS), and damage measured by Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/ACR Damage Index (SDI). The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was calculated.

Results

A total of 917 patients with SLE were enrolled. The mean number of cumulative ACR criteria in late-onset SLE ( n = 32, 3.5%) was lower than that in adult-onset SLE (4.6 ± 1.2 vs. 5.5 ± 1.4, p < 0.05). The percentage of patients with low complement was lower in late-onset SLE than adult-onset SLE ( p < 0.05). AMS was also lower in late-onset SLE (2.7 ± 2.1 vs. 4.3 ± 2.6, p < 0.01), but SDI was similar between the two groups (50% vs. 43.4%, p = 0.58). The SMR of late-onset SLE was 1.58 (95% CI 0.58–3.43), while the SMR of adult-onset SLE was 3.34 (2.34–4.63).

Conclusion

Compared with adult-onset SLE, late-onset SLE has a lower number of ACR criteria and lower disease activity. Organ damage is not different, but prognosis and mortality are more favorable.
Competent or Warm? A Stereotype Content Model Approach to Understanding Perceptions of Masculine and Effeminate Gay Television Characters
Authors: Sink Alexander , Mastro Dana , Dragojevic Marko
Published: June 2017

Invoking the stereotype content model (SCM), two studies examined how television portrayals of gay men are arrayed in terms of warmth and competence. Participants were exposed to a sitcom and asked about their perceptions of two leading gay male characters. Results suggest that effeminate portrayals are more stereotypical, warmer, and less competent than masculine gay characters, yet these characterizations did not differ in terms of perceived valence. This novel application of the SCM helps to more explicitly define stereotypicality in the context of televised portrayals of gay men and demonstrates the utility of the model in advancing media studies of stereotypes.
Young men doing business: Male bar prostitution in Berlin and Prague
Authors: Ellison Graham , Weitzer Ronald
Published: June 2017

Studies of male sex workers are often confined to the individual level rather than exploring their work environment per se or the larger ecological context in which their business activities are embedded. We know relatively little, for example, about the spatial location of erotic worksites (apart from street-level work) or the interactional dynamics of sellers and clients within such settings. This article presents an ethnographic study of bars and clubs in Prague and Berlin where male sexual commerce is transacted. We find important differences between the cities in the social organization of the bars and in participants’ demographic characteristics. The analysis links our micro-level findings to the larger forces of labour migration and sex tourism, factors that differ between the two cases.
Social life and social death: Inclusion, ostracism, and rejection in groups
Authors: Wesselmann Eric D. , Williams Kipling D.
Published: June 2017

Humans are social animals and they depend upon social relationships to fortify their physical and psychological well-being. Various types of social experiences can threaten these relationships, making individuals feel excluded: separated from others physically or emotionally. Social exclusion experiences can be further broken down into two subcategories: rejection- and ostracism-based experiences. We provide a brief summary of the research on social exclusion, rejection, and ostracism, focusing particularly on theory and research on ostracism, given that is the primary focus of our research programs. We close with some key suggestions on how future research on different types of social exclusion can become increasingly integrated theoretically.
Group decision-making from an evolutionary/adaptationist perspective
Authors: Tindale R. Scott , Kameda Tatsuya
Published: June 2017

Over the 20 years that Group Processes & Intergroup Relations has been in existence, evolutionary theory has begun to play a larger role in our understanding of human social behavior. Theory and research on group decision-making is no exception and the present paper attempts to briefly highlight how an evolutionary/adaptationist perspective has informed our understanding of how groups reach consensus and make collective choices. In addition, we attempt to show that humans are not the only species that use group processes to make important choices. Looking for similarities and continuities among research domains with different species should lead to a more unified and informed understanding of group decision-making processes and outcomes.
The importance of social-cognitive development and the developmental context for group dynamics
Authors: Killen Melanie , Verkuyten Maykel
Published: June 2017

A developmental approach provides a unique vantage point for understanding the origins, acquisition, and nature of change regarding intergroup attitudes and behavior. Developmental research has focused predominantly on understanding and addressing negative intergroup attitudes and behaviors. We assert that group identity and group dynamics do not have to lead to discriminatory and prejudicial behavior but can actually contribute to an inclusive orientation. Moreover, these orientations do not occur in a vacuum but depend on the broader social context and the specific group distinctions. A broader social and cultural approach is important for understanding the implications of intergroup attitudes for healthy social development as well as the creation of a fair and just society.
Reducing intergroup bias through intergroup contact: Twenty years of progress and future directions
Authors: Dovidio John F. , Love Angelika , Schellhaas Fabian M. H. , Hewstone Miles
Published: June 2017

Classic research on the contact hypothesis focused on the direct relationship between the antecedents (conditions under which contact occurs) and the outcomes (primarily, the reduction of prejudice) of intergroup contact. Recent work has taken a broader view of contact processes and effects. We review key developments over the past 20 years, identifying different forms of contact, factors that mediate and moderate the effects of contact, and both the nature and temporal stage and the varied outcomes of contact. We then identify several research directions to address pressing theoretical and practical issues. These issues concern (a) group processes and intergroup relations, (b) intergroup contact in the context of multiple categorization, (c) structural- and individual-level processes, (d) a broader range of individual-level outcomes (e.g., health), and (e) impact on social change. Contact theory and research provides a comprehensive conceptual foundation, allied to a range of powerful empirical techniques, for important new advances and practical applications for improving intergroup relations and producing more equitable outcomes across groups.
Engaged critical browsing: Hong Kong home culture presented in hypermedia
Authors: Choi Kimburley WY , Chung Bryan WC
Published: June 2017

This article examines the experiential and analytical routes of the researchers-authors’ web-project titled ‘Making Home: Tai Hang’, which investigates Hong Kong home culture by accessing informants’ domestic world through different layers of interpretation via hypermedia presentation. The web-project’s [ http://taihang.scm.cityu.edu.hk/#en ] multilayered navigation structure—playful yet scholarly introduction, ‘tourlike’ yet distant ‘virtual’ field experiences, participants’ situated yet performative accounts of home lives, and the researchers-authors’ inductive categorizations—communicate multi-dimensional ethnographic accounts of home culture in Hong Kong. Employing media in isolation and in interaction (i.e. graphic illustrations, panorama photography, interaction of images and audio vignettes of participants’ narration and researcher-participant dialogues, and multiple micro-narratives on objects) via website’s hypermedia nature, we argue that hypermedia representation affords engaged and critical readings of ethnographic knowledge as situated and multivocal, interpretive and constructed.
A unique presentation of destructive shoulder arthropathy in the chronic phase of chronic myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Howard Joshua , Mackenzie Benedict , Nicholson Toby , Connolly Sylvia , Parmar Rishee
Published: June 2017

We present a previously unreported case of rapidly progressing, destructive shoulder arthropathy as an initial presentation of chronic phase chronic myeloid leukaemia. This patient initially presented to clinic for consideration of an arthroplasty for symptom relief; however, her loss to follow-up yielded a rapid progression of her symptoms. Bone marrow aspirate and targeted biopsy of the humeral head excluded blast cell crisis, in contrast to previously reported cases. She was treated conservatively with medical management of her underlying disease. Although leukaemic arthritis is a recognized phenomenon, chronic myeloid leukaemia is not known to cause bone destruction of this kind, particularly in the absence of blast crisis. Medical treatment with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor provided a dramatic improvement in our patient’s pain, without the risk of attempted arthroplasty in unknown bone quality. We describe a unique presentation of severe bone destruction as a manifestation of chronic myeloid leukaemia in the absence of blast crisis. This should be considered as a rare differential diagnosis in joint arthropathy and may be appropriately managed initially with medical therapy, whereas future arthroplasty comprises uncharted territory in unknown bone quality.
Bilateral surgical damage of the central tegmental tract resulting in bilateral hypertrophic olivary degeneration: An MRI case report
Authors: Lana Silvia , Ganazzoli Chiara , Crisi Girolamo
Published: June 2017

Hypertrophic olivary degeneration (HOD) is a rare trans-synaptic neuronal degeneration of the inferior olivary nucleus caused by an injury to the dentato-rubro-olivary connection, also known as Guillain-Mollaret triangle. It leads to hypertrophy of the affected nucleus rather than atrophy and is characterized by hyperintensity on T2-weighted images. Unilateral and bilateral cases are described. We present a case of a 70-year-old patient affected by a tumor inside the fourth ventricle who suffered from diplopia and right seventh cranial nerve palsy. He underwent surgery and developed left seventh cranial nerve palsy. Three months after resection, magnetic resonance imaging revealed the appearance of bilateral HOD. This is the first report of bilateral HOD occurrence after surgical bilateral damage of the rubro-olivary fibers running in central tegmental tracts.