bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tribal Factor in Libya: Metamorphoses after Qaddafi Epoch (2011-2020)
Authors: Zinin Y.
Published: September 2021

The overthrow of M. Gaddafi with the assistance of NATO in October 2011 led to the collapse of the vertical of power and institutions of the state and sentenced Libya to a deep systemic crisis. The article examines the peculiarities and role of the tribal factor in the current events in Libya, a country with deeply divided, multi-composite societies (DDS). It is characterized by tribal, regional, racial and ethnoreligious diversity. With 90% of its population having tribal roots, the number of tribes passes 140. This diversity has left its mark on the course of events, affected the struggle for power. The author sums up the shifts that have taken place in the tribal segment of society in recent decades. The rush of members of different tribes to the city led to their fragmentation, diminution of their former structure. The bonds of kinship, the spirit of solidarity, the traditional behaviour of the tribesmen have been to different extents eroded. However, the influence of a tribe or genus that play the role of a bonding society remains essential. This was especially evident after the advent of dual power in 2014, the author assumes. The two poles of domination – Tripoli and Tobruk are trying to play this card to their advantage. On the other hand, the security vacuum caused by the fall of the regime spontaneously filled forces, including regional tribal groups. The scholar tracks how various tribal councils and other entities here and there take on the functions of maintaining resilience and order, ending infighting, returning hostages, etc. In doing so, they often turn to the traditional usual right – Urf. The author agrees with a number of Libyan scholars and other foreign researchers that there are now some signs of a breeding tribal identity in Libya. At the same time, this process is multi–directional, as in Libya, a country with a deeply divided society, tribes can both engage in conflicts and contribute to their peaceful denouement. The researcher draws attention to the fact that the relationship between tribalism and Islamists is rather contradictory. The latter use to argue that “Islam is the solution to all problems.” But their entry into the arena of politics in Libya after October 2011 did not prevent the de facto collapse of the country and the growth of sectarian standoff. And that according to the author divides society and plays into the hands of certain political forces. In this atmosphere, tribal polarization and the general alienation of society are at risk of growth. The author analyzes the relations between tribal and national identities in a country where the process of consolidation of the population into a single nation has not yet been completed.
Analysis of TNF-α and IL-4 Levels with Soil Transmitted Helminth Infection in Adults In Pasie Nan Tigo Village 2020
Authors: Nuzulia Irawati Yanti Rahayu , Ali Hirowati
Published: September 2021

Intestinal helminth infections are caused by soil-transmitted helminths (STH). Worm infections are classified as neglected diseases, namely infections that are not noticed and are chronic diseases, rarely cause clear clinical symptoms and the impact is only seen in the long term. STH infection affects the immune response in humans in the form of increased levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), eosinophilia and production of t-helper 2 (Th2), especially to changes in TNF-α and IL-4 levels. The purpose of this study was to determine the analysis of TNF-α and IL-4 levels with soil-transmitted helminths infection in adults. The research design used was case control, with a multistage-random sampling technique. Stool samples were taken from 127 adults and 24 subjects (18.9%) were infected with STH using the kato katz examination method. Furthermore, 24 STH-infected subjects and 24 healthy control subjects were taken using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The study population was male and female adults aged 20-60 years as many as 48 people. The data was carried out by independent t-test (p<0.05) and it was considered that there was a significant relationship. c. The results showed that there was a significant difference in TNF- levels in adults in the STH-infected group and healthy yangiene with p value = 0.001 and there was a significant difference in IL-4 levels in adults in the STH-infected group with p value = 0.001. The conclusion of this study is that there are differences in TNF- levels lower in STH-infected people than healthy controls and higher IL-4 in STH-infected people than healthy controls in adults.
Factors Influencing on Entrepreneurial Behavior of Turmeric Growers
Authors: U. R. Chinchmalatpure G. Khawale , S. V. Shelke V. B. Sonawane
Published: September 2021

The present study on “Entrepreneurial behaviour of turmeric growers” was conducted in Washim district of Maharashtra state with the objective to study the entrepreneurial behaviour of the turmeric growers. The exploratory research design of social research was used. In all, 120 respondents were selected by random sampling method. The data were collected by personally interviewing the respondents with the help of structured interview schedule. After analysis it was observed that majority of respondents (40.00%) possess medium entrepreneurial behaviour. The results of the co-relation co-efficient between entrepreneurial behaviour of respondents and their profile results which clearly indicates that selected characteristics of turmeric growers i.e. Land holding, annual income, and knowledge had positive and significant relationship at 0.01 level of probability with entrepreneurial behaviour whereas, area under turmeric crop, extension contact and scientific orientation had positive significant relationship at 0.05, percent level of probability with entrepreneurial behaviour of turmeric growers. While age, farming experience, source of irrigation had negative and non-significant relationship with entrepreneurial behaviour.
Incidence of Citrus Tristeza Virus and its Vector Toxoptera citricida in Different Parts of Assam and Nagaland, India
Authors: Pulin Patgiri Maongkar T. Changkiri , Rokozeno Palash Deb Nath , Awomi Otto S.
Published: September 2021

A field survey was conducted in 2018 to study the incidence of citrus tristeza virus (CTV) and its aphid vectors, in different citrus growing regions of the states of Assam and Nagaland, India. Leaf samples of Assam lemon (Citrus limon) and Khasi mandarin (Citrus reticulata) were collected from four districts of Assam (Jorhat, Tinsukia, Sivasagar and Golaghat) and two districts of Nagaland (Mokokchung and Wokha). Citrus leaf samples were collected from a total of 190 citrus plants and were used for detection of CTV infection through Double Antibody Sandwich-Enzyme linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (DAS-ELISA). According to the results, 75 per cent CTV disease incidence was detected in surveyed areas of Assam and 24.55 per cent CTV disease incidence was detected in surveyed areas of Nagaland. District wise, the highest CTV disease incidence (96.67 %) was detected in Tinsukia district of Assam and the lowest (21.43 %) was detected in Mokokchung district of Nagaland. Aphid samples were also collected during the survey and the presence of the vector Toxoptera citricida, in all the locations was determined.
Organic Minerals Suitability Assessment on the Biochemical Characters of Common Wheat, Triticum aestivum L.under Bundelkhand Region of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Santosh Pandey Bhupesh Kumar Mishra , Ramesh Kumar Arvind Kumar
Published: September 2021

An experiment has been conducted to assess the real time utility and abundance of organic minerals in cultivation of common wheat, Triticum aestivum L. in Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh with the aim of finding the effect of available soil organic minerals on various biochemicals or chemical characters including yield attributes. For the experiment, the cultivar namely RAJ-4037 which is best for dry land area and crop matures in 120 days. This variety is suitable for bakery and beverage industry, has been taken. The pre availability of manures were measured and the application of various fertilizers have been done as per the recommended dose for the cultivation. The data of various biochemical characters like Dry matter accumulation, Protein content, NPK in grain, NPK in straw, yield and biological yields have been recorded as per standard methods. The results revealed that organic minerals had a significant impact to influence the various biochemical traits such as dry matter accumulation maximum in FYM, Protein content (11.18), NPK (0.60; 0.35 and 0.36) were recorded maximum in vermin compost treatment.
Metallo - β - Lactamase Producers among Carbapenem Resistant Gram-Negative Isolates from Clinical Samples in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: P. Sreenivasulu Reddy M. Shabnum
Published: September 2021

Gram – Negative Bacilli (GNB) are important cause of UTI, Blood stream infections, hospital acquired pneumonias. With the Carbapenems becoming the drug of choice in treating Multidrug resistant Organisms (MDRO) due to their safety and efficacy, there is rise in Carbapenem Resistant organisms which is becoming a threat to health care setup. Early diagnosis of Metallo – β – lactamase (MBL) producers by routine laboratory methods makes it the need of the hour to prevent spread of resistant strains. To detect MBL producers among Carbapenem resistant GNB. GNB were isolated from 2576 various clinical samples received by Department of Microbiology between December 2020 to March 2021. MBL production among Carbapenem resistant GNB was tested by Combined Disc Diffusion Assay using Imipenem disc and Imipenem + EDTA disc. Results: 899 GNB were isolated among 2576 samples with E. coli (35.05%) followed by Klebsiella species (28.58%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14.90%). 180 isolates (20.02%) were Carbapenem Resistant GNB of which 55 isolates (30.55%) were MBL producers with Klebsiella species (29.01%) being highest MBL producer followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (27.27%). Rapid dissemination of MBL producers is worrisome making routine detection of MBL strains important. Regular surveillance, strict adherence to infection control measures and implementation of proper antibiotic policy is crucial to minimize the increasing Carbapenem resistance.
Assessing Quality Indicators for the COVID-19 RTPCR in a Molecular Laboratory
Authors: B. S. Prasad S. Vinod Kumar , V. L. Jayasimha Satish S. Patil , V. R. Shwetha J. K. Veni Emilda , M. Veena K. G. Raghu Kumar , Kalappanavar N. K.
Published: September 2021

A quality indicator is a tool that enables the user to quantify the quality of a selected aspect of care by comparing it with a set benchmark. The objective of this study was to review quality indicators for COVID-19 molecular testing at S.S. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre and to compare with the predefined quality indicators in order to improve the performance of the molecular laboratory and to initiate the corrective and preventive measures. Over the period of one year we assessed different quality indicators collected from the molecular laboratory of a tertiary care hospital in Central Karnataka which has processed 36000 throat swabs for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Twelve quality indicators under pre-analytical, analytical and post analytical stage were assessed for the quality by referring it with the select criteria. Missing test request form / specimen (1.36/1000) was the most common inconsistency observed during the assessment of pre-analytical indicators followed by specimen inadequacy (0.194/1000), duplicate specimen referral forms (SRF) generated in ICMR portal (0.277/1000) and color change in the viral transport medium. In analytical phase, non-conformity with QC was seen in 2.83/1000 samples. In post analytical phase, excessive turnaround time was seen in 0.75/1000 samples followed by revised reports due to transcription error (0.38/1000) and duplicate reports (0.13/1000). The results of assessment of quality indicators in the molecular laboratory explicitly supports that laboratory could keep the incidence of errors to the minimum level by following proper corrective and preventive measures. Thus, catering quality laboratory services during devastated COVID pandemic year.
Conjoint Analysis for Selecting the Ingredients Levels of Fortified Beverage
Authors: Ayyavoo Preamnath Manoharan R. Navarasam , T. R. Pugazhenthi V. Appa Rao , Pandian A. Serma Saravana
Published: September 2021

This research paper concentrated on the “Conjoint Analysis for Selecting the Ingredients Levels of Fortified Beverage”. Conjoint analysis is a multivariate technique used specifically to understand how consumers develop preferences for products or services and to formulate predictions about ingredients levels towards product concepts and it is also called as trade-off analysis. The fortified beverage was prepared with various levels of ingredients such as Carrot (5%, 10% and 15%), Moringa (5%,10% and 15%), Mushroom (3%,6% and 9%), Dates (1%,2% and 3%) and Seaweed (1%,2% and 3%). Since, this large number of combinations led to non-responsible of consumers and improper results may be obtained. Hence, the conjoint analysis for selecting the best ingredient levels of ideal fortified beverage is based on the utility estimation and relative importance of attributes and was found that it should have the following attributes combination: Carrot – 15 per cent, Mushroom – 6 Per cent, Moringa – 5 per cent, Dates – 2 per cent and Sea Weed – 1 per cent.
Identification of Effective Factors for Immobilized Lipase Catalysed Biodiesel Production from Pongamia pinnata Seed Oil Using Plackett-Burman Design
Authors: Bharati S. Meti Shilpa K. Jigajinni
Published: September 2021

Biodiesel a fatty acid alkyl esteris one of the promising biofuel and a clean energy source as an alternative to petroleum-based diesel fuels. The Enzymatic transesterification reaction is influenced by many factors such as amount of biocatalyst, molar ratio of oil to alcohol, temperature, pH, rpm, time etc. Effective variables for transesterification may vary based on the type of feedstock and catalyst used, therefore it is essential to optimise the process suitable for each type of feedstock to achieve higher yield of biodiesel. The statistically-based Plackett-Burman experimental design was adopted in this study to identify effective factors for transesterification reaction of Pongamiapinnata seed oil using immobilized lipase. The factors used in the present study for Plackett-Burman design are molar ratio, amount of immobilized lipase, temperature, time, pH, agitation and water content. The result showed that among seven variables, pH (p-value0.003), agitation speed(p-value 0.024) and amount of immobilized lipase(p-value 0.041) having p<0.05 are statistically significant, positively affecting the transesterification process of Pongamia seed oil. Further the variables which had significant effect on transesterification process will be selected for Response Surface Methodology studies to enhance the yield of biodiesel will be the future scope of work.
Molecular Characterization and Evaluation of Special Sugarcane Varieties Suitable for Co-Generation of Power
Authors: P. Kishore Varma M. Charumathi , M. Bharatha Lakshmi N. Raj Kumar
Published: September 2021

Sugarcane is a major agro-industrial crop in India. The fibre content in sugarcane is gaining importance as fuel for co-generation of electricity. Hence, the present study was proposed to genetically characterize and identify suitable clones for co-generation with high yielding, optimum sucrose per cent, erect, non-lodging and good ratooning ability characters. Genetic analysis of 10 sugarcane hybrids was carried out using STMS primers. Out of 110 markers amplified, 77.27 % were polymorphic with an average of 8.5 polymorphic products per STMS primer. Similarity coefficient value of 0.79 and 0.48 was detected with closely and distantly related hybrids respectively. The average genetic similarity among the hybrids was ~78.6%. These results indicated the existence of moderate level of genetic diversity among these high biomass hybrids. Evaluation trial in replicated randomized block design including five early and five mid late clones was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Anakapalle during 2007 to 2010. Early clones viz., CoA 03081 (123.0 t/ha and 14.93 t/ha), CoA 02081 (122.0 t/ha and 14.78 t/ha) and CoA 07321 (118.7 t/ha and 14.10 t/ha) were significantly superior for cane and CCS yields than the best standard Co 7508 (104.0 t/ha and 13.34 t/ha). Midlate clones viz., CoA 07322 (137.0 t/ha and 17.12 t/ha) and CoA 02082 (132.0 t/ha and 17.00 t/ha) were significantly superior over the standard CoV 92102 (125.0 t/ha and 16.95 t/ha) for cane and CCS yields. The fibre content of the early and midlate clones ranged from 18.67 (CoA 02081) to 22.50 (CoA 03081) and 20.17 (CoA 07322) to 23.00 (CoA 03082), respectively. These elite clones recorded resistant reaction to red rot disease. The results revealed the potential of these clones suitable for co-generation of power with high yielding, high fibre content, optimum sucrose per cent and good ratooning ability.
Combining Ability in Pearl Millet for Yield and Yield Attributing Characters
Authors: A. L. Suradkar A. A. Madane , A. B. Bagade S. B. Pawar
Published: September 2021

The experimental material comprised of thirty two crosses along with twelve parents (four lines and eight testers) and standard checks AHB 1200 Fe and AHB 1269. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with two replications. The observations were recorded on ten characters viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of effective tillers, earhead length, earhead head girth, downey mildew, 1000 grain weight, grain yield and fodder yield. The estimates of GCA effects revealed that most of the hybrids exhibiting higher grain yield than the standard hybrid check AHB 1200 Fe and AHB 1269 were based on two females viz., ICMA 91444 and ICMA 00888, and involved based on males viz., AUBI 15308 and AUBI 15615. The studies on specific combining ability (SCA) effects, it was observed ICMA 91444 x AUBI 15157 was observed the best specific combination for the trait grain yield.
Genetic Divergence (D2) Evaluation in Horsegram [Macrotyloma uniflorum (L) Verdcout] Genotypes
Authors: Singh Rakesh , Mahendra J. L. Salam
Published: September 2021

The experiment was performed at Research cum Instructional Farm, Shaheed Gundadhoor College of Agriculture and Research Station, Kumhrawand, Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh. A total of 56germplasm lines and 1 check variety of horsegram were assessed for 10 quantitative traits during kharif2018.Genotypes were grouped into eight clusters. Clusters VI had maximum intra cluster distance while inter cluster distance was maximum between cluster VI and cluster VIII. Cluster III and cluster VIII had highest mean values for seed yield per plant characters. The characters viz., pods per plant followed by days to maturity and seed yield per plant were main contribution to total divergence. Based on the result genotypes belonging to clusters II, III and VIII are recommended for hybridization, as these genotypes showed good performance for seed yield and belong to the diverse clusters.
Marketing Constraints Faced by the Banana Growers in Theni District
Authors: M. Priyadharshini A. Narmatha
Published: September 2021

Banana is one of the most important commercial tropical fruits traded. Eve was said to have used Banana leaves to cover modesty in the Garden of Paradise as revealed from antiquity. Banana is thus called “Apple of Paradise”. It is also known as “Adam Fig”. Theni district was purposively selected for the present study in the first stage since it occupied the first position in area under Banana in the state of Tamil Nadu. The villages of selected four blocks were noted and three villages were selected at random from each block. Altogether twelve villages were selected for the study. From each selected blocks fifteen banana growers were selected by random sampling technique. Thus the total sample size arrived was 90. Findings of the study showed that the constraints expressed by Banana growers are inadequate transport facility was the major problem faced by farmers with a mean score of 61.40 per cent.
Spatial Variation Study of Heavy Metal in Ground Water of Southern Part of Upper Berach River
Authors: P. K. Singh Dheeraj Kumar , K. K. Yadav Jitandar Kumar , Tailor B. L.
Published: September 2021

The present study was conducted to study heavy metal pollution in ground water of southern part of Upper Berach river. The water samples for the heavy metal analysis were collected from the open well of the 38 locations from Upper Berach river to find out concentration of different heavy metal such as Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb) and Nickel (Ni). The different heavy metals thematic maps of study area were prepared under GIS environment and the spatio-temporal variations of these parameters were analyzed. Results of the study indicates that about 57.94 per cent area shows Fe within BIS acceptable limit (< 0.3 mg/lit) and 42.06 per cent area show exceed Fe above acceptable limit of drinking purpose. About 42.03 per cent area shows Mn within BIS acceptable limit (< 0.1 mg/lit) and 57.97 per cent area shows Mn above permissible limit of drinking purpose.
Covid - 19 Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CAPA) in Critically Ill Patients : A Case Report
Authors: Vandana Sinha Himadri Dutta , Pinku Sarma Anup Jyoti Dutta
Published: September 2021

In the present study report three cases of covid-19 associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis from covid ICU of a private hospital. There is increased incidence of different co infections including fungal from severe cases of covid-19 requiring ICU care from different parts of the world. None of the patients in our report had any predisposing lung conditions and none of them were on long term steroids treatment. Out of the three cases, two cases clinically improved dramatically after initiation of antifungals. Second case deteriorated even before culture diagnosis was established and the patient died before antifungals could be started. So, possibility of a fungal infection should be always ruled out in all COVID-19 pneumonia cases without any clinical improvement after standard treatment and intensive care. Early diagnosis and treatment will help improve clinical outcomes in such cases.
Identification of Native Microorganisms of the Amazon Rhizosphere to Speed up the Decomposition Process of Agro-Industrial Organic Waste
Authors: Jhon-Alexander Ocampo-Guevara , Johana Jazmín Vega Espinoz , Johanna Rivera Rivera González , Jacome Carlos
Published: September 2021

Agribusiness is one of the areas with the greatest impact, which, due to the processes involved within this area, generates waste that, given its composition, is used in optimal materials to be used for degradation methods in the production of composting, different microorganisms such as Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Aspergillus help in the decomposition of waste from agribusiness, the metabolic activity of these microorganisms allows the degradation of animal and plant tissues such as cellulose, starch, pectin, proteins, agar that intervene in nitrification and nitrogen fixation processes, for the degradation process it is necessary to carry out in composting beds of organic waste isolated with strains of the rhizosphere from the natural forest of CIPCA the strains use the dimensions of 4 x 1 x 1 giving a city layer of 4𝑚3 or about 640 kg of organic rough which are covered with geo mucosa, surrounded by gutters to collect leachate two produced by the effect of degradation, this process of degradation of organic matter allows to obtain a product with characteristics such as earthy odor, texture and uniform structure, where a pH close to neutral was registered in the control beds, gradually increasing from that moment with slightly alkaline values where it does not present characteristics of the initial organic matter, reducing the volume by 35%, for this the objective is to maintain Controller of certain parameters of temperature, humidity, pH, compost ratio and organic matter content.
Evaluation of Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in Advanced Breeding Lines of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L)
Authors: Sanjay Singh Asha Kushwah , R. S. Sikarwar Sushma Tiwari
Published: September 2021

The Present investigation was carried out using 522 advanced breeding lines of wheat genotypes at BISA Farm, Jabalpur during Rabi, 2018-2019 in randomized block design with two replications. Analysis of variance found the significant difference between breeding lines for all the characters were studied. Appropriate variability was obtainable in the advance breeding lines under study for all the characters indicating sufficient genetic variability among the genotypes. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was marginally higher than the respective genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the characters indicating thereby that there is negligible influence on the characters by the environment. GCV was high for grain yield per plant, grain weight per spike, biological yield per plant, number of grains per spike and number of effective tillers per plant. High PCV was observed for grain weight per spike followed by grain weight per plant, biological yield per plant, number of grains per spike, number of effective tillers per plant and length of main spike. High broad sense heritability along with high genetic advance as percentage of mean were obtained for number of non extruded anther per spike, anther extrusion %, visual score of anther extrusion, biomass per plot and number of productive tillers per plant.
Effect of Host Plants and Potting Mixture on Growth of Sandalwood Seedlings at Nursery Stage
Authors: V. Maheswarappa Shubhashree Sahu , N. Kencharaddi Ramakrishna Hegde , Sathish B. N.
Published: September 2021

Sandalwood (Santalum album L.) is one of the most valuable commercially cultivated aromatic species throughout the world. However, the availability of quality planting stock isthe current bottleneck in its establishment on large scale. The major problems, noticed during quality planting stock production in nurseries are scarce knowledge about host-parasite relationship and use of appropriate potting mixture apart from its seed germination. In this regard two experiments were carried out at the College of Forestry, Ponnampet during 2020-2021 to identify suitable host plant and potting mixture. Growth parameters were recorded after 90, 180 and 270 days of transplanting sandal seedlings into treatments. After 270 days of transplanting, the host plant A. lebbeck recorded higher survival of sandal seedlings (81.89 %) and the host plant C. junghuhniana had higher height growth (10.40 cm) with collar diameter 2.33mm. Potting mixture sand, soil, vermicompost, G. intraradices with C. Junghuhninana found effective for height (18.25 cm) and collar diameter (2.58 mm).
Molecular Detection and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Salmonella Species in Chickens
Authors: Ehizibolo David Gloria Sugun , Kaikabo Ahmed Ebenezer Bukola Ogundejii , Benshak Audu Agada O. Godwin , Manasa Sugun
Published: September 2021

The study was intended for molecular detection of Salmonella Spp isolated from chicken. A total of 160 samples comprising of 40 liver, 40 spleen, 40 lungs and 40 intestines were collected directly into buffered peptone in universal bottles at the poultry slaughter houses of the four districts in Jos South Local Government area of Plateau State. The samples were enriched in 10 ml of Rappaport-Vassiliades broth and cultured onto Xylems Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) agar for the isolation of bacteria. The isolated bacteria were identified by studying staining characteristics, cultural properties on different selective media, biochemical tests, catalase and coagulase test, and finally by PCR. Out of 160 samples, 65 (41%) samples were found positive for Salmonella Spp on XLD and 24 (37%) positive by biochemical analysis. Two(2) Salmonella isolates were amplified by 942 bp gene based PCR. Antimicrobial sensitivity test was carried out to ascertain the susceptibility of the organism to various antibiotics. Its results showed that the Salmonella isolates were resistant to amoxycillin (100%) and erythromycin (100%), gentamicin (100%), Clindamycin (100%) streptomycin (100%), tetracycline (100%), sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (100%) but sensitive to Ceftiofur (100%).
Land Use/Land Cover Mapping of Sambar Watershed by Using Remote Sensing and GIS
Authors: D. Payal Sandip B. Varpe Shriniwas
Published: September 2021

In the present study, an effort has been made to study in detail of Land Use/Land Cover Mapping for Sambar watershed by using Remote Sensing and GIS technique was carried out during the year of 2020-2021 in Parbhani district. In this research the Remote Sensing and Geographical Information system technique was used for identifying the land use/land cover classes with the help of ArcGIS 10.8 software. The Sambar watershed is located in 19º35ʹ78.78˝ N and 76º87ʹ88.44˝ E in the Parbhani district of Marathwada region in Maharashtra. It is covered a total area 97.01 km2. The land use/land cover map and its classes were identified by the Supervised Classification Method in ArcGIS 10.8 software by using the Landsat 8 satellite image. Total six classes are identified namely as Agricultural area, Forest area, Urban area, Barren land, Water bodies and Fallow land. The Agricultural lands are well distributed throughout the watershed area and it covers 4135 ha. (43 per cent). Forest occupies 502 ha area and sharing about 5 per cent of the total land use land cover of the study area. The Urban land occupies 390 ha. area (4 per cent) and there was a rapid expansion of settlement area. Barren land occupies 3392 ha. area (35 per cent). A water bodies occupy 630 ha. area (6 per cent) and the Fallow land occupies 650 ha (7 per cent) but well-developed dendritic drainage pattern and good water availability is in the Sambar watershed.
Effect of Storage Structures and Storage Period on Grain Quality of Maize (Zea mays L.): The Case of West Shawa Zone, Bako, Ethiopia
Authors: Aberra Solomon Fufa Negasa , Girma Demissie
Published: September 2021

Maize is one of the most important staple foods and the basis of diet for Ethiopian's. The present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of traditional (Gombisa and Sack) and of hermetic bag storage methods concerning quantitative and qualitative losses after 0, 2, 4 and 6 months of storage. The design was arranged in 3x4 factorial fashions. Quality of maize grains (variety: Bako Hybrid-661) stored in the three storage types (Gombisa, Sack and Hermetic Bag) for 6 months studied was in Bako, Ethiopia. Nutritional quality values (total protein, total fat, total fiber, total ash, and utilizable carbohydrate) the samples were analyzed for grain quality deterioration over time. Crude protein, Crude fat, Crude fiber, Crude Ash and total carbohydrate contents was influenced significantly (P<0.05) by storage type in Gombisa. Total protein, total fat, total fiber, total Ash and utilizable carbohydrate contents was significantly (p<0.05) influenced by storage periods. Initially total protein was high 8.9% and dropped significantly to 6.2% in Gombisa in six months of storage periods. Maximum value of total ash was recorded at initial and dropped significantly to 1.1% at the end of six months. The study shows maize grains quality losses in Gombisa and Sack might be due to relative humidity, temperature, moisture content were suitable for storage insects infestation and fungal contamination. As a result of this research, the Hermetic bag was determined to be more appropriate for maintaining grain quality for longer.
Oral Communication Difficulties Student-Teachers Face during their Practice of Teaching English at Arba Minch Teachers’ Training College: Ethiopia
Authors: Desalegn Youpo Ukute Tesfaye Buche Bosha
Published: September 2021

This research reports a case study of English majoring student-teachers’ oral communication difficulties at Arba Minch College of Teacher Education during their fourth round teaching practice. The overall aim of the study was to investigate the difficulties that English majoring student-teachers face in their oral communication in the teaching of English during their final teaching practice. To do this, the study employed qualitative and quantitative methods. Interview, questionnaire, classroom observation and focus group discussion were used to gather relevant data from student-teachers, students and ACTE instructors. The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS software and the qualitative data were reported verbally. The results of the study revealed that the majority of the student-teachers have faced difficulties to express and share their ideas using English, to pronounce words correctly, to use grammatically correct sentences and to speak English consistently. Thus, it is better to recommend the concerned bodies should mitigate the identified problems through well built mobilizations.
The Effects of Translating English into Wolaita Language on Students’ Learning of English: The Two Selected Second Cycle Primary School in Focus
Authors: Addisu Bogale Shago Mesfin Mekuria Dangore
Published: September 2021

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of translating English into the students’ first language on learning of English at two second cycle primary schools. Concerning the sample size, 15% of the total student population was selected. In this way, 111 students and 6 teachers were selected. Classroom observation, questionnaire, focus group discussions, interview and audio-taped lessons were used to collect the data. Both closed and open-ended questionnaire was administered to the 111 students. To collect additional data, three different English teachers’ lessons were recorded. In addition, interview with teachers and focus group discussions (FGD) with students was carried out to get the data that may appear difficult to get through other tools. Descriptive survey method was employed to analyze the data. Results of the data show that both teachers and students have positive attitudes toward the use of translation except a few who reject it. The study also showed that teachers use translation in English classroom. Even if audio-taped lessons indicated some mismatch of translated sentences and the original English language versions, the majority of sample students further agreed that translation and L1 use helps them to make difficult concepts easy; to feel comfort; to feel at ease, and develop target language vocabularies. In contrast to this, some sample students and teachers did not disclose the problems that might affect students’ English learning ability. Again, audio-taped lesson results indicated that time devoted to English language was found to be insignificant compared to the time taken by the students’ L1 and there were some problems of meaning difference between English and translated versions. Sentences and phrases often are mistranslated. The study suggested that translating English text books into the students’ L1 would have a paramount importance on the students’ ability to learn the target language.
Difficulties of Female Students in Classroom Participation in English at Areka Preparatory School, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2019
Authors: Shago Addisu Bogale
Published: September 2021

Lee (2005) says participation usually means students speaking in classroom such as answering teacher’s questions or other students’ questions, asking questions to get the better explanation and clarification. As long as English language is very important in Ethiopian high school students’ academic performance, due consideration should be given to female students in target subject matter. A number of female students in high school of target research area were very low compared with male counterparts, which initiated the researcher to conduct present research in targeted area. So, the study enables to address problems to different concerned bodies and helps female students to enhance their classroom participation in English as well as outside the classroom. The objective the study was ‘Difficulties of Female Students in Classroom Participation in English at Areka Preparatory School, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia.’ Mixed methods i.e. quantitative and qualitative research designs were used. 70 participants were selected using simple random sampling. 2 English teachers were selected purposively. Self administered questionnaire and interview were employed to collect data. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS and qualitative data were supported the quantitative one. As the result shown the largest number 28 (40%) of respondents were not confident in classroom participation. Most of respondents, 34 (48.6%) were not participated in mixed sex group in English classroom. 27 (38%) responded guidance and counseling were highly helped them. 36 (51.5%) were strongly agreed that female students were affected by fear. Most of the time, English teachers were directed questions to male students than female students in the classroom as it was represented by large number, i.e. 37 (53%). Significant large numbers of respondents, 23 (32.8%) socio-cultural factors were not affected female students’ classroom participation in English. 30 (42.8%) said they had no interest in English subject matter so that they were not interacted in English. Thus, the extents of female students were low. They were less likely took part in mixed-sex group arrangement. Guidance and counseling played great role in their participation. English teachers were rarely encouraged girls. It is better if much consideration should be given to female students’ involvement in education in general and classroom participation in English in particular. English teachers should give equal chance to female students as of male counter parts while asking question in the classroom. They also should frequently encourage female students by giving advice, tutoring them in same sex arrangement, giving awareness, etc. to promote their confidence to interact in the classroom.
Genetic Distance and Variation among Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum. L) Genotypes for Yield Traits in Kamashi District of Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Hussen Kedir Wulchafo
Published: September 2021

The present research was carried out to determine and record genetic distance and variation among cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) genotypes for yield traits in Kamashi district of benishangul-gumuz regional state for fourteen upland cotton genotypes. The genotypes were evaluated for ten traits in randomized complete block design with three replications. Data were collected on days of 50% flowering, days to 65%boll opening, plant height, Number of monopodial branches per plant, Number of sympodial branches per plant, Boll number per plant, Boll weight Seed cotton yield per hectare, Lint yield and Ginning out tern. The data were subjected to analysis of variance. Genotypes were varied significantly for most of the traits studied and there were wide range variation on mean values for most of the traits which indicated the presence of variability among the tested genotypes.
Central Venous Catheter Tip Culture and Sensitivity Pattern from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Jammu Region, India
Authors: Perika P. Sharma , N. Rajput S. Sudan , Y. Bhandari S. Gupta , Tomar R.
Published: September 2021

The use of Central Venous Catheters (CVC) in critically ill patients often leads to Catheter Related Blood Stream Infections (CRBSI). Blood stream infections which are associated with catheter is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Aim of the study is to find the type of organisms isolated from Central venous catheter tip and to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. A total of 100 samples were received in our laboratory over a period of one year. Samples were processed; organisms were isolated and subjected to antimicrobial sensitivity according to standard laboratory procedures. AST interpretation was done according to latest CLSI Guidelines. Of the 100 samples received in our laboratory, 11(11%) showed no growth or insignificant growth. 64% of the total samples were Gram Negative Bacilli and 23% were Gram Positive Cocci, 2% were Candida albicans. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were the most common organisms isolated among gram negative bacilli and gram positive cocci respectively. Sensitive drugs in case of gram positive cocci were vancomycin and linezolid and in case of gram negative bacilli were Colistin and polymyxin B.
Convection – Diffusion – Radiation Heat and Mass Transfer to a Sphere Accompanied by a Surface Exothermal Chemical Reaction
Authors: Juncu Gheorghe
Published: September 2021

The steady-state, coupled heat and mass transfer from a fluid flow to a sphere accompanied by an exothermal catalytic chemical reaction on the surface of the sphere is analysed taking into consideration the effect of thermal radiation. The flow past the sphere is considered steady, laminar and incompressible. The radiative transfer is modeled by P0 and P1 approximations. The mathematical model equations were discretized by the finite difference method. The discrete equations were solved by the defect correction – multigrid method. The influence of thermal radiation on the sphere surface temperature, concentration and reaction rate was analysed for three parameter sets of the dimensionless reaction parameters. The numerical results show that only for very small values of the Prater number the effect of thermal radiation on the surface reaction is not significant.
SISTEM AGRIBISNIS INTEGRASI PADI KERBAU DAN POLA PEMELIHARAAN KERBAU DI KECAMATAN PAMPANGAN SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Rosana Elly , Thirtawati Thirtawati , Arbi Muhammad , Ridwan Muhammad
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to determine and analyze the integrated rice-buffalo agribusiness system and to describe the pattern of buffalo raising in Pampangan District. This research was conducted in Pampangan District in July 2020. This research is a survey that took 30 samples purposively. Primary and secondary data obtained from the field survey were tabulated and analyzed descriptively-qualitatively. The integrated rice-buffalo agribusiness system in Pampangan District consists of the upstream subsystem, namely the provision of production facilities for rice-buffalo integration activities, the farming subsystem in the form of rice cultivation and livestock raising, the downstream subsystem, namely post-harvest and management of rice-buffalo waste used for organic fertilizer and silage. The supporting subsystem is that farmers have joined Gapoktan and have received training from BPTP on making compost. Raising buffalo in Pampangan District is still traditional, which is almost entirely relying on nature. The buffaloes are released in the morning and put back in the afternoon, allowed to eat the feed in the grazing environment. In contrast, for the health of the buffalo, it is still done as necessary and not as intensive. The profit-sharing system between the owner and the custodian is known as the half system. The results of buffalo livestock production are obtained from the sale of buffalo and from the processing of buffalo milk production into sugar, sagon, curd or cow oil (a popular local term in Pampangan Sub-district).
PROYEKSI KETAHANAN PANGAN PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR TAHUN 2015-2045 DITINJAU DARI KETERSEDIAAN, KEBUTUHAN, DAN PERSEDIAAN BERAS
Authors: Sumunar Alvin Anindita Katon , Budiman Satrio
Published: September 2021

Regional independence in fulfilling food demand is expected to increase agriculture products, both in the diversification aspect and food management. This paper aims to determine how food development strategies are, especially rice, in this climate change situation nowadays. Food planning in East Nusa Tenggara Province is done by rice availability, demand, and supply in 2015–2045. According to scenarios, these projections describe that rice supply in East Nusa Tenggara Province is surplus while the harvest area is increasing and deficit while the harvest area is decreasing. Therefore, food planning is needed regarding food availability to remain food supply in the latter days. Food demand planning can be used as a policy basis to make food supply still stable, increase the welfare of farmers and society, and even increase both East Nusa Tenggara Province’s GDRP and Indonesia’s GDP.
PENGELOLAAN PENGGUNAAN PESTISIDA DALAM MENDUKUNG PEMBANGUNAN BERKELANJUTAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Wisnujatia Nugrahini Susantinah , Sangadji Suwandi S.
Published: September 2021

The use of pesticides in rice production has an impact on the environment. Pesticides are chemicals used to kill or control pests. The use of pesticides carries some risks, but farmers are used to using pesticides. However, the use of pesticides may lead to the contamination of groundwater. Therefore, the research question in this study was whether there any differences in rice production before and after pesticide reduction in Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the difference between rice production before and after pesticide reduction in Indonesia. The secondary data in this study were rice production data from FAO. Data from 1968 to 1992 were data about rice production before reducing pesticide use in Indonesia, while data from 1993 to 2017 were data about rice production after reducing pesticide use in Indonesia. The applied data analysis was paired sample t-test using SPSS 25. The results indicated that there is a significant difference between rice production before and after reducing pesticide use in Indonesia. 
NIAT PERILAKU PETANI SAWIT SWADAYA DALAM PENINGKATAN USAHA BERKELANJUTAN DI KABUPATEN SAMBAS PROVINSI KALIMANTAN BARAT
Authors: Vicki Vicki , Nurliza Nurliza , Dolorosa Eva
Published: September 2021

The development of sustainable oil palm plantations as presented in the ISPO (Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil) framework is important to be implemented. This study aims to analyze the behavioral intentions of independent smallholders in Sambas Regency related to increasing sustainable palm oil business. This study implemented descriptive and inferential analysis by using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results showed that farmers' behavioral intentions are determined by attitudes (general attitudes, personal attitudes, emotional values, and intelligence) and perceptions of behavioral control (experience, knowledge, media, and intervention), which further influence behavior, but subjective norms (age, sex, education, income, and religion) are known not to affect the intention of farmers to behave. In the context of fostering and developing oil palm, farmers began to be fostered to try to work in groups through farmer groups and form cooperatives because ISPO certification will only be given to farmers through farmer groups or cooperatives.