bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parallel programming of saccades in the macaque frontal eye field: are sequential motor plans coactivated?
Authors: Basu Debaleena , Murthy Aditya
Published: November 2019

We use sequences of saccadic eye movements to continually explore our visual environments. Previous behavioral studies have established that saccades in a sequence may be programmed in parallel by the oculomotor system. In this study, we tested the neural correlates of parallel programming of saccade sequences in the frontal eye field (FEF), using single-unit electrophysiological recordings from macaques performing a sequential saccade task. It is known that FEF visual neurons instantiate target selection whereas FEF movement neurons undertake saccade preparation, where the activity corresponding to a saccade vector gradually ramps up. The question of whether FEF movement neurons are involved in concurrent processing of saccade plans is as yet unresolved. In the present study, we show that, when a peripheral target is foveated after a sequence of two saccades, presaccadic activity of FEF movement neurons for the second saccade can be activated while the first is still underway. Moreover, the onset of movement activity varied parametrically with the behaviorally measured time available for parallel programming. Although at central fixation coactivated FEF movement activity may vectorially encode the retinotopic location of the second target with respect to the fixation point or the remapped location of the second target, with respect to the first our evidence suggests the possibility of early encoding of the remapped second saccade vector. Taken together, the results indicate that movement neurons, although located terminally in the FEF visual-motor spectrum, can accomplish concurrent processing of multiple saccade plans, leading to rapid execution of saccade sequences.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY The execution of purposeful sequences underlies much of goal-directed behavior. How different brain areas accomplish sequencing is poorly understood. Using a modified double-step task to generate a rapid sequence of two saccades, we demonstrate that downstream movement neurons in the frontal eye field (FEF), a prefrontal oculomotor area, allow for coactivation of the first and second movement plans that constitute the sequence. These results provide fundamental insights into the neural control of action sequencing.
Pink Tooth of Mummery in the Maxillary Left Canine after Fixed Partial Denture (FPD) Preparation
Authors: Korolevsky Eger V. , Komabayashi Takashi , Foran Denise
Published: November 2019

Pink tooth of Mummery is typically found after trauma. However, this case report describes an unusual occurrence of pink tooth in a 67-year-old Caucasian male after fixed partial denture (FPD) tooth preparation. Pink tooth in this case may be due to one or more factors: tooth reduction and heat generation during tooth preparation; heat generation during polymerization of provisional material; and hyperocclusion of a provisional FPD. This case highlights the importance of choosing the appropriate materials and techniques to avoid pulpal complications after dental prosthesis work.
Design and Implementation of Runtime Verification Framework for Cyber-Physical Production Systems
Authors: Kang Sungjoo , Chun Ingeol , Kim Hyeon-Soo
Published: November 2019

Traditional factories are turning into smart factories with the advent of various ICT technologies, and various control decisions are derived by AI technologies. In this circumstance, runtime verification of a control command is important for zero-defect manufacturing processes but challengeable because factories of the future are highly complex and heterogeneous systems. In this paper, we propose DigTwinOps, a Digital Twin framework for Runtime Verification of Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPSs). DigTwinOps features a Digital Twin Execution Engine (DTEE) that manages a Digital Twin Model to synchronize states of a real CPPS object in a production environment. With a monitoring and simulation combination process, a human worker can observe the states of the CPPS object and verify the effectiveness of control commands before applying it to a real production environment. The proposed framework is applied to a CPPS prototype production system, and the results show that the framework can work effectively in the controllability verification of control commands.
Community Detection with Self‐Adapting Switching Based on Affinity
Authors: Wang Ning-Ning , Jin Zhen , Peng Xiao-Long
Published: November 2019

Community structures in complex networks play an important role in researching network function. Although there are various algorithms based on affinity or similarity, their drawbacks are obvious. They perform well in strong communities, but perform poor in weak communities. Experiments show that sometimes, community detection algorithms based on a single affinity do not work well, especially for weak communities. So we design a self‐adapting switching (SAS) algorithm, where weak communities are detected by combination of two affinities. Compared with some state‐of‐the‐art algorithms, the algorithm has a competitive accuracy and its time complexity is near linear. Our algorithm also provides a new framework of combination algorithm for community detection. Some extensive computational simulations on both artificial and real‐world networks confirm the potential capability of our algorithm.
Producing Effective and Clean Coke for Household Combustion Activities to Reduce Gaseous Pollutant Emissions
Authors: Liu Shoujun , Shangguan Ju , Yang Song , Du Wenguang , Yan Xudong , Zhang Kaixia
Published: November 2019

Nowadays, the gaseous pollutant emissions, including particulate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen oxide (NOx) from household coal combustion, cause great threat to environment and public health by contributing to severe haze in China. Particularly, a clean coke free of the major pollutants precursors (sulfur and nitrogen compounds) by sulfur fixation and denitrification has been deemed as an effective strategy to reducing pollutants. In this paper, a preprocessed coke was prepared by co-pyrolysis of high-sulfur coal with the assistance of calcium-based and iron-based complexes at high temperature. The results show that high-temperature co-pyrolysis could remove the volatile compounds that are major precursors for the formation of gaseous pollutants from the raw coal. During the coking process, the sulfur can be removed by being fixed in the form of CaS in presence of a Ca-based complex, which could be beneficial for the CaSO4 during the coke combustion. The volatile nitrogen is transferred to the gas phase with the addition of Fe-based complexes, which effectively reduce the residual nitrogen in coke. As a result, Ca-based additives captured the released SO2 and formed CaSO4 during the combustion process. In addition, in the presence of Fe-based complexes, both char and CO react with NOx to form N2, which leads to a reduction in NOx emissions during combustion. Additionally, the replacement of current residential coal with a new type of clean coke is a facile method for reducing gaseous pollutant emissions from household activities to protect the atmospheric environment. The average emission factors (EFs) of PM, SO2, and NOx for the prepared clean coke were small during combustion and were much lower than the EFs of the tested raw coal, semicoke, and briquettes.
Photodynamic Therapy with Verteporfin for Choroidal Metastasis Refractory to Radiotherapy
Authors: Zhou Raymond , Reichstein David
Published: November 2019

A 54-year old female with longstanding metastatic breast cancer was referred for management of choroidal metastases. She was first treated with external beam radiotherapy and experienced some response before later suffering progression of her eye disease. We then treated her using full fluence Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with Verteporfin, which resulted in regression of her lesions until she passed away due to other illnesses. This is the first documented successful application of PDT for choroidal metastasis from a primary breast cancer refractory to external beam radiotherapy.
Pentalogy of Fallot Firstly Diagnosed before Emergency Vertebral Surgery in an Adult Patient
Authors: Lu Xiaofeng , Zhao Yinglu , Dang Wenzhu , Teng Yuanjun , Liu Debin
Published: November 2019

Pentalogy of Fallot (POF) is a variant of the more common Tetralogy of Fallot. We report the case of a 32-year-old man with asymptomatic POF, who was admitted to the department of acute medicine due to fracture of the lumbar vertebrae, and lumbar fusion was performed timely. No report of an adult with asymptomatic POF exists in the current literature. After 1.5 years, the patient returned to the hospital in order to remove the lumbar internal fixation.
Daratumumab for Treatment of Antibody-Mediated Rejection after ABO-Incompatible Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Spica Davide , Junker Till , Dickenmann Michael , Schaub Stefan , Steiger Jürg , Rüfli Tanja , Halter Jörg , Hopfer Helmut , Holbro Andreas , Hirt-Minkowski Patricia
Published: November 2019

We report the effectiveness of daratumumab, a human IgGκ monoclonal antibody targeting CD38 on plasma cells, for therapy-refractory antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) due to blood group antibodies in a 59-year-old man who received a living ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation. Standard treatment options for AMR due to blood group antibodies including immunoadsorption, lymphocyte depletion with anti-human T-lymphocyte globulins, intravenous methylprednisolone pulses and eculizumab limited tissue injury, however failed to sufficiently suppress blood group antibody production. After administration of daratumumab as a rescue therapy, blood group antibody titers decreased and remained at low levels without further immunoadsorption and allowed kidney graft function to recover.
Delayed Admission and Management of Pediatric Acute Kidney Injury and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome in Children with Multiple Wasp Stings: A Case Series
Authors: Ambarsari Cahyani Gita , Sindih Risti Maulani , Saraswati Meilania , Trihono Partini Pudjiastuti
Published: November 2019

Multiple wasp stings may cause fatal complications, such as anaphylactic reactions, intravascular hemolysis, rhabdomyolysis, acute kidney injury (AKI), increased levels of liver enzymes, clotting abnormalities, or even death. AKI-related mortality due to multiple wasp stings may reach 25%, occurring within the early onset of disease; therefore, renal function should be continuously monitored within the first few days following the stings. Herein, we report 2 cases of AKI due to multiple stings of wasp (Vespa affinis). In both cases, delayed hospital admissions and gradual loss of kidney function along with hemolysis and anemia without rhabdomyolysis were observed. Diuresis was reduced on the 10th day following the stings in the first case, whereas it occurred on the 5th day in the second case. Both cases had biopsy results of acute tubular injury and acute interstitial nephritis. The first case improved with intermittent hemodialysis, whereas the second required continuous renal replacement therapy and plasma exchange because hemolysis was more severe, which was presumably caused by a greater number of stings and larger amount of toxins involved. Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome was also observed in the second case; hence, high-dose steroid therapy was administered to alleviate interstitial fibrosis. Both cases showed that although AKI occurring after multiple wasp stings usually have fatal consequences. Administering fluid treatment and steroid therapy and selecting accurate renal replacement therapy modalities during the few first days after the stings may result in favorable long-term outcomes.
Femtosecond-Assisted Elliptical LASIK Flap for the Correction of Post-Arcuate Keratotomy Residual Astigmatism
Authors: Voulgari Nafsika , Grentzelos Michael A. , Kontadakis George A. , Samutelela Erwin , Kymionis George D.
Published: November 2019

We report the application of an elliptical femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) flap for the management of post-arcuate keratotomy (AK) residual astigmatism. An 82-year-old male was referred to our institute for evaluation of his right eye due to residual regular astigmatism 1 year after AK. On examination, uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) was 20/50 and corrected distance visual acuity was 20/25 (+3.25 –5.50 × 125). Slit-lamp examination revealed two 70-arc length peripheral corneal incisions at the 7.50-mm zone. The patient underwent femtosecond-assisted LASIK for the correction of residual astigmatism. An elliptical LASIK flap was adjusted intraoperatively with a 2-dimension diameter of 7.98 × 6.69 mm in order to avoid intersection of the flap with the AK incisions. The short flap diameter was placed along the meridian of the incisions and the long diameter in the perpendicular meridian, corresponding to the excimer laser astigmatic ablation pattern. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were encountered. Six months postoperatively, UDVA improved to 20/25 with a manifest refraction of pl –0.75 × 5. No AK incision flap-related complications were observed.
Consumo de alcohol entre estudiantes mexicanos de bachillerato
Authors: Puig-Lagunes Ángel Alberto , Nolasco Ángel Puig , Mendez Luis Enrique Salinas , Álvarez Jesús Enrique Vargas , Pillon Sandra Cristina
Published: November 2019

Objetivo: evaluar el patrón de consumo y las percepciones sobre el uso de alcohol por personas cercanas a los estudiantes. Método: se trata de un estudio del tipo transversal y de abordaje cuantitativo, involucrando 940 estudiantes de seis planteles del Colegio de Bachilleres del Estado de Veracruz, México. Resultados: las prevalencias del uso fueron: 57.4% en la vida, 31.5% en último año, 25.3% en el último mes; 7.4 % consumen en nivel problemático del alcohol. Las percepciones negativas sobre el consumo de alcohol fueron evaluadas por padres y madres, predominantemente entre los estudiantes que consumen en bajo riesgo. Conclusión: el consumo de alcohol entre los estudiantes de bachillerato es común, principalmente entre los hombres, con un patrón de inicio es cada vez más precoz, y con la incidencia de intoxicación. Además, estas siempre muy presente en los estudiantes con problemas en las relaciones parentales. Los resultados podrán subsidiar la planificación de programas preventivos en relación al consumo de alcohol en el ámbito escolar.
Consumo de crack
Authors: Oliveira Eliany Nazaré , Olímpio Anny Caroline dos Santos , Costa João Breno Cavalcante , Moreira Roberta Magda Martins , Oliveira Lycélia Da Silva , Silva Rita Wigna de Souza
Published: November 2019

Objetivo: caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico de usuários de crack atendidos no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas (Caps AD) de um município da mesorregião noroeste do Ceará. Método: estudo exploratório-descritivo, documental e retrospectivo, de abordagem quantitativa, realizado em 2014, utilizando um formulário desenvolvido a partir do roteiro de acolhimento do Caps AD. Resultados: constatou-se no estudo que a maior parte dos usuários de crack era do sexo masculino, com média etária de 25 anos, solteira e com Ensino Fundamental incompleto. Conclusão: o estudo contribuiu para que o profisisonal de saúde conheça o perfil, a realidade e os desafios enfrentados por esta população, elaborando estratégias de prevenção de doenças, promoção da saúde e intervenções fundamentadas nas estratégias de redução de danos.
Early Treatment of Coxsackievirus B3–Infected Animals With Soluble Coxsackievirus-Adenovirus Receptor Inhibits Development of Chronic Coxsackievirus B3 Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Pinkert Sandra , Dieringer Babette , Klopfleisch Robert , Savvatis Konstantinos , Van Linthout Sophie , Pryshliak Markian , Tschöpe Carsten , Klingel Karin , Kurreck Jens , Beling Antje , Fechner Henry
Published: November 2019

Background:

Coxsackie-B-viruses (CVB) are frequent causes of acute myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy, but an effective antiviral therapy is still not available. Previously, we and others have demonstrated that treatment with an engineered sCAR-Fc (soluble coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor fused to the carboxyl-terminus of human IgG) efficiently neutralizes CVB3 and inhibits the development of cardiac dysfunction in mice with acute CVB3-induced myocarditis. In this study, we analyzed the potential of sCAR-Fc for treatment of chronic CVB3-induced myocarditis in an outbred NMRI mouse model.

Methods:

NMRI mice were infected with the CVB3 strain 31-1-93 and treated with a sCAR-Fc expressing adeno-associated virus 9 vector 1, 3, and 7 days after CVB3 infection. Chronic myocarditis was analyzed on day 28 after infection.

Results:

Initial investigations showed that NMRI mice develop pronounced chronic myocarditis between day 18 and day 28 after infection with the CVB3 strain 31-1-93. Chronic cardiac infection was characterized by inflammation and fibrosis as well as persistence of viral genomes in the heart tissue and by cardiac dysfunction. Treatment of NMRI mice resulted in a distinct reduction of cardiac inflammation and fibrosis and almost complete elimination of virus RNA from the heart by day 28 after infection. Moreover, hemodynamic measurement revealed improved cardiac contractility and diastolic relaxation in treated mice compared with mice treated with a control vector (mean±SD; maximal pressure, 81.9±9.2 versus 69.4±8.6 mm Hg,
P
=0.02; left ventricular ejection fraction, 68.9±8.5 versus 54.2±11.5%,
P
=0.02; dP/dt
max
, 7275.2±1674 versus 4432.6±1107 mm Hg/s,
P
=0.004; dP/dt
min
, −4046.9±776 versus −3146.3±642 mm Hg/s,
P
=0.046). The therapeutic potential of sCAR-Fc is limited, however, since postponed start of sCAR-Fc treatment either 3 or 7 days after infection could not attenuate myocardial injury.

Conclusions:

Early therapeutic employment of sCAR-Fc, initiated at the beginning of the primary viremia, inhibits the development of chronic CVB3-induced myocarditis and improves the cardiac function to a level equivalent to that of uninfected animals.
Improved Biomarker and Imaging Analysis for Characterizing Progressive Cardiac Fibrosis in a Mouse Model of Chronic Chagasic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hoffman Kristyn A. , Reynolds Corey , Bottazzi Maria Elena , Hotez Peter , Jones Kathryn
Published: November 2019

Background

Chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC), caused by
Trypanosoma cruzi
infection, is an important public health problem attributable to progressive cardiomyopathy in patients, for which there is no cure. Chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy is characterized by myocarditis and cardiac fibrosis, which leads to life‐threatening arrhythmogenic and circulatory abnormalities. This study aimed to investigate cardiac fibrosis progression in a mouse model of chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy.

Methods and Results

Cardiac cells infected with
T cruzi
produced significantly higher concentrations of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), connective tissue growth factor, endothelin‐1, and platelet‐derived growth factor‐D than noninfected controls. Female Balb/c mice infected with
T cruzi
were compared with naïve mice. TGF‐β genes and other TGF‐β superfamily genes, as well as connective tissue growth factor, endothelin‐1, and platelet‐derived growth factor, were upregulated in infected mouse hearts. Serum concentrations of TGF‐β, connective tissue growth factor, and platelet‐derived growth factor‐D were higher in infected mice and correlated with cardiac fibrosis. Strain analysis performed on magnetic resonance images at 111 and 140 days postinfection and echocardiography images at 212 days postinfection revealed significantly elevated left ventricular strain and cardiac fibrosis and concomitantly significantly decreased cardiac output in infected mice.

Conclusions

TGF‐β, connective tissue growth factor and platelet‐derived growth factor‐D are potentially useful biomarkers of cardiac fibrosis, as they correlate with cardiac fibrosis. Strain analysis allows for use of noninvasive methods to measure fibrosis in the chronic stages of chagasic cardiomyopathy in a mouse model. These findings can be applied as noninvasive tools to study the effects of interventions and/or therapeutics on cardiac fibrosis development when using a mouse model of chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy.
Reasonable Irrationality: the Role of Reasons in the Diffusion of Pseudoscience
Authors: Blancke Stefaan , Boudry Maarten , Braeckman Johan
Published: November 2019

Pseudoscience spreads through communicative and inferential processes that make people vulnerable to weird beliefs. However, the fact that pseudoscientific beliefs are unsubstantiated and have no basis in reality does not mean that the people who hold them have no reasons for doing so. We propose that, reasons play a central role in the diffusion of pseudoscience. On the basis of cultural epidemiology and the interactionist theory of reasoning, we will here analyse the structure and the function of reasons in the propagation of pseudoscience. We conclude by discussing the implications of our approach for the understanding of human irrationality.
The 7E Model of the Human Mind: Articulating a Plastic Self for the Cognitive Science of Religion
Authors: Geisshuesler Flavio A.
Published: November 2019

This article proposes a 7E model of the human mind, which was developed within the cognitive paradigm in religious studies and its primary expression, the Cognitive Science of Religion (CSR). This study draws on the philosophically most sophisticated currents in the cognitive sciences, which have come to define the human mind through a 4E model as embodied, embedded, enactive, and extended. Introducing Catherine Malabou’s concept of “plasticity,” the study not only confirms the insight of the 4E model of the self as a decentered system, but it also recommends two further traits of the self that have been overlooked in the cognitive sciences, namely the negativity of plasticity and the tension between giving and receiving form. Finally, the article matures these philosophical insights to develop a concrete model of the religious mind, equipping it with three further Es, namely emotional, evolved, and exoconscious.
Business, State and the Rationalization of Nonprofits in Eastern China: A Configurational Perspective
Authors: Song Chengcheng , Wang Xiangcheng
Published: November 2019

Recent research about nonprofit rationalization (especially in China) tended to focus on “net” effect explained by a particular theory, and thereby ignored the combinatory effects of different mechanisms in specific environments. In this article, echoing from the configurational perspective, we used csQCA to explore the potential combination of different mechanisms that may shape the formation of nonprofit rationalization. Through the analysis of 14 cases from three cities of Zhejiang Province in Eastern China, we found that rationalization of a nonprofit requires its leaders/important members to have certain career experience when it receives the corporate giving; the results also indicate that rationalization requires leaders/important members to have corporate work experience when it receives corporate giving, despite the absence of government support and competition.
Typification of the name Hoodia currorii (Apocynaceae)

Authors: FIGUEIREDO ESTRELA , SMITH GIDEON F.
Published: November 2019

Hoodia currorii Decaisne (1844: 665) is a well-known species of carrion flower from west-central Namibia and southern Angola. Bruyns et al. (2017) reclassified more than 30 stapeliad genera in an enlarged concept of Ceropegia Linnaeus (1753: 211). This resulted in Ceropegia consisting of over 750 species, one of which being then referred to as ‘C. currorii (Hook.) Bruyns’ (2017: 420), based on Scytanthus currorii Hooker (1844: 605). This species of carrion flower is nowadays most widely included in the genus Hoodia Sweet ex Decaisne (1844: 664), and we here treat it as H. currorii. The citation of the author of H. currorii and the citation of its type have been the source of some confusion in the literature and are here clarified.
Nursing Effect of Stellate Ganglion Block on Cerebral Infarction Based on Message Authentication Code Diameter Algorithm
Authors: Li Ping , Wang Tan , Yan Sitong , Yuan Xiaoxu , Liu Zhiwen
Published: November 2019

Objective: To investigate the influence of stellate ganglion block on the prognosis of patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage according to the inclusion criteria and whether the complications such as rebleeding and pulmonary infection are related to the occurrence
of complications such as recurrent hemorrhage and pulmonary infection. The use of ganglion blockade in the clinical application of cerebrovascular disease and possible risks. Methods: A total of 138 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage who were treated with different
treatments in neurosurgery from March 2013 to December 2015 were included in the study. Among them, 67 patients in the treatment group (MAC diameter algorithm stellate ganglion block + conventional treatment) and 71 patients in the control group were collected. The medical records of the two
groups were collected for retrospective analysis. Result: There was a difference in the prognosis between the two groups (P = 0.042). There was a difference in the prognosis between the early planetary ganglion block and the late planetary ganglion block in the treatment group
(P = 0.043). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the incidence of pulmonary infection (P = 0.194) and rebleeding (P = 0.856) during treatment. Conclusion: Stellate ganglion block is helpful for the prognosis of patients
with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Based on MAC diameter algorithm, stellate ganglion block as a minimally invasive, simple, safe and easy-to-use minimally invasive treatment method has certain curative effect on patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage, especially in early
application, which is worthy of clinical promotion.
A Method for Real-Time Patient Positioning Verification in Radiotherapy Using Multi-Angular Images with Conventional Video Cameras
Authors: Shen Guosheng , Dai Zhongying , Chen Weiqiang , Liu Xinguo , Ma Yuanyuan , He Pengbo , Xiao Guoqing , Li Qiang
Published: November 2019

Background: Accurate patient positioning and the corresponding position verification play a key role in precision radiotherapy. The conventional position verification techniques, such as cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), used in radiotherapy deliver additional radiation doses
to patients; thus some complications may occur in the surrounding normal tissue. Additionally, the present registration and fusion algorithms require a long time to verify and monitor the patient's position in real-time. Method: A new simple method using three conventional video cameras
from different directions for observing the changes in the patient's position and taking the multiangular surface images of the patient without delivering additional doses of radiation is proposed in this paper. Real-time patient position verification could be achieved through this Oriented
FAST and Rotated BRIEF (ORB) algorithm modified by us. Results: A plastic patient model immobilized with thermoplastic shell on a simulation couch was used to verify the accuracy and feasibility of our method. Testing results showed that the position and angle offset errors identified
with our system were less than 1 mm and 1°, respectively. Moreover, the modified ORB algorithm was fast enough for real-time images comparison. Conclusion: This proposed method shows a great potential for application in verifying and monitoring the patient's position in real time
during radiotherapy.
Primary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Breast: Mammographic, Ultrasound, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings
Authors: Chen Jing , Cheng Yushu , You Chao , Zhang Yan , Ye Jianding , Ye Xiaodan
Published: November 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mammography, ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features that characterise primary neuroendocrine breast carcinomas (NEBC) to improve the awareness of the disease. Materials and Methods: The mammography,
sonography, MRI and pathologic features in a total of 54 pathologically proven NEBC cases at Fudan University Cancer Hospital from January 2003 to January 2013 were retrospectively analysed. All 54 patients were women with a mean age of 65 years old (ranging from 35 to 80 years). Results:
The 54 NEBC patients had a total of 63 lesions. Pathological diagnosis included endocrine ductal carcinoma in situ (E-DCIS) in 20 lesions, E-DCIS with microinvasion in 17 and invasive solid neuroendocrine carcinoma in 26 lesions. The imaging characteristics of NEBC is a high-density round
mass (64.1%) with obscured or indistinct margins on mammograms. All masses without malignant calcifications are the most frequent appearances. A hypoechoic mass (78.4%) with irregular shape and circumscribed margins on sonograms; and lobular or irregular shaped mass with spiculated margins,
associated with homogeneous or heterogeneous enhancement on MR images. The highest positive predictive value (PPV) for BI-RADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) 4, and 5 categories was seen by MRI (0.67 [4/6]). In total, 5 patients (9.2%) had axillary lymph node metastasis. 52 (82.5%)
lesions were estrogen receptor-positive and 52 (82.5%) progesterone receptor-positive. 45 (71.4%) lesions were negative for HER2/neu. Thirty patients bearing NEBC received hormone therapy; 5 of these patients underwent radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. Compared with pure NEBC, NEBC with invasive
showed larger size of the lesion (t = –2.41, P = 0.024). Conclusion: MRI may have a role in early detection of NEBC. No calcification is a notable mammographic feature that differ from invasive mammary carcinoma. Positive estrogen and progesterone receptor results and negative
Her2/neu results have been linked more frequently to NEBC especially in elderly woman with a palpable lump or nipple discharge.
Discriminative Neural Network for Coronary Heart Disease Detection
Authors: Gu Xiaoqing , Jiang Yizhang , Ni Tongguang
Published: November 2019

Cardiovascular disease is one of the commonest diseases and main causes of death over the world. As the major type of cardiovascular diseases, correct and timely diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CHD) is very essential. Traditional back-propagation (BP) neural network aims to train
a multilayer feedforward neural network which transforms data into the feature space to learn good decision boundaries. However, the performance of BP neural network tends to deteriorate when dealing with complexity medical diagnostic tasks. To improve the detection of CHD, this study proposes
a discriminative neural network called DNN. DNN explores discriminative information by maximizing the difference of the compactness within each class and separability between different classes. DNN integrates the discriminative information into the framework of BP neural network, and can be
easily implemented by the existing neural network software. Experimental results on Z-Alizadeh Sani dataset show that DNN achieves satisfactory performance in sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.
AlcoLOLs, re-thinking drinking: Developing a shared leadership approach for alcohol education
Authors: Pieczka Magda , Casteltrione Isidoropaolo
Published: November 2019

Objective:

The aim of this article is to extend and elaborate ways of conceptualising, enabling and practising peer leadership in whole-school alcohol education programmes.

Design:

Qualitative study involving individual and group interviews.

Setting:

The AlcoLOLs project took place in six secondary schools in North East Edinburgh (Scotland) from 2013 to 2015.

Methods:

A total of 21 individual and 4 group interviews with young people aged 14–18 who acted as peer leaders in the AlcoLOLs project. Interviews were conducted throughout the duration of the project as a means of hearing peer leaders’ individual voices, monitoring progress and evaluating the intervention. Data were analysed using the principles of thematic analysis.

Results:

The intervention demonstrates transformative multilevel learning (i.e. cognition, civic/communal attitudes, self-identity, self-efficacy, specific communication/team skills) for peer leaders resulting from the shared leadership process. Results indicate that there is an element of continuity between antecedents, process and outcomes of shared leadership which, in the context of peer education, needs to be seen as an iterative rather than a linear process. Drawing on these findings, a model for a whole-school alcohol peer education intervention is developed. The model is underpinned by critical dialogic principles and reframes alcohol consumption as action rather than behaviour.

Conclusion:

This article redefines peer leadership in alcohol education interventions for young people as a process involving formal, informal, individual and shared leadership. Combined with a whole-school dialogic intervention, this approach can lead to the development of alcohol consumption/abstinence as a practice that focuses on the articulation of a self-identity drawing on both individual/personal and civic aspects.
Vaccinating against Vasoori: Eradicating smallpox in the ‘model’ princely state of Travancore, 1804–1946
Authors: Nair Aparna
Published: November 2019

The social and medical histories of vaccination are increasingly important in the twenty-first century, as anti-vaccination narratives threaten herd immunity across the world. Much of the historical scholarship on vaccination in India focusses on smallpox, largely in the context of the colonial or post-colonial state. This article explores the histories of this policy in the ‘model’ princely state of Travancore. The essay integrates medical and social history as it tracks the introduction and progress of vaccination into the princely state and examines the process as biomedical discourse about disease and public health, and as a set of corporeal practices. The article also examines the broader cultural meanings ascribed to biomedicine in this princely state and the efforts to construct a ‘modern’ corporeal consciousness through direct and indirect interventions. Finally, the article also engages with the question of what exactly the introduction of biomedicine entailed for the average resident of this region in terms of disease control and prevention.
Refugees, Mobilization, and Humanitarian Aid: Evidence from the Syrian Refugee Crisis in Lebanon
Authors: Masterson Daniel , Lehmann M. Christian
Published: November 2019

This article examines whether refugees are prime candidates for recruitment into armed groups and whether humanitarian aid to refugees impacts their choice to join armed groups. First, our original survey data of 1,358 Syrian households in Lebanon provide evidence that mobilization among the refugee population is low at baseline—the first empirical estimates of the magnitude of the rate of Syrian refugees returning home to fight. Second, leveraging as-if random assignment around a strict altitude cutoff for a United Nations cash transfer program for Syrian refugees, we find little evidence that the aid program had a large effect on mobilization. If anything, our estimates indicate a small decrease in mobilization. Our results stand in contrast to published literature arguing that refugees are prime candidates to join armed groups and humanitarian aid to refugees may support armed groups and fuel recruitment.
Social Resilience in Disaster Recovery Planning for Fishing Port Cities: A Comparative Study of Prewar and Twenty-First-Century Tsunami Recovery Planning in the Northern Part of Japan
Authors: Kuroishi Izumi
Published: November 2019

This study examines early disaster recovery and prevention planning projects in fishing port cities in the northern part of Japan after the 1933 Sanriku tsunami, the later modernization of those cities, and their current recovery from the 2011 Great Northern Japan earthquake. This work reframes the goal of disaster recovery and of disaster prevention planning in our society as social resilience—the ability of a community to cope with and adapt to stresses such as social, political, environmental, or economic change. Drawing on the author’s field research in Kesennuma, this study also describes postwar economic and industrial development in fishing ports that changed social and spatial structures. It shows that postwar administration and planners ignored the prewar disaster recovery and prevention planning based on local social systems, which caused fundamental problems in redevelopment and disaster prevention planning after 2011.
Demonstration of vibration control using a compliant parallel arm mechanism
Authors: Tekes Ayse , Utschig Tris , Johns Tyler
Published: November 2019

There is still a demand for compact, portable, low-cost laboratory equipment for undergraduate engineering students, since turn-key systems are expensive and require substantial lab space. We propose a novel compliant mechanism demonstrating the fundamentals of vibration control to undergraduate engineering students. The mechanism consists of a translational two-degrees-of-freedom system using initially straight fixed-free flexible beams connected to primary and secondary masses. A linear actuator is connected to the primary mass and two laser displacement sensors are utilized to record displacement of each mass. Primary and secondary mass displacements are controlled by adjusting the forcing frequency while keeping the amplitude constant. All parts of the mechanism are three-dimensional printed to reduce cost. The cost of the device itself is less than $5, and with the actuator and data acquisition the total cost is $1300. The mechanism was demonstrated to 32 undergraduate Machine Dynamics and Vibrations students divided into two course sections. Feedback on the student learning experience was collected using the Student Assessment of Learning Gains survey instrument. Results indicate positive overall feedback, with students highlighting the value of using MATLAB to control the system and analyze results, the connections to real-world applications incorporated into the learning activity, and the hands-on nature of the learning experience.
Analysis of free vibration of an isotropic plate with surface or internal long crack using generalized differential quadrature method
Authors: Ranjbaran Milad , Seifi Rahman
Published: November 2019

This article proposes a new method for the analysis of free vibration of a cracked isotropic plate with various boundary conditions based on Kirchhoff’s theory. The isotropic plate is assumed to have a part-through surface or internal crack. The crack is considered parallel to one of the plate edges. Existence of the crack modified the governing differential equations which were formulated based on the line-spring model. Generalized differential quadrature method discretizes the obtained governing differential equations and converts them into an algebraic system of equations. Then, an eigenvalue analysis was used to determine the natural frequencies of the cracked plates. Some numerical results are given to demonstrate the accuracy and convergence of the obtained results. To demonstrate the efficiency of the method, the results were compared with finite element solutions and available literature. Also, effects of the crack depth, its location along the thickness, the length of the crack and different boundary conditions on the natural frequencies were investigated.
Characteristics and Factors Associated With Intimate Partner Violence–Related Homicide Post-Release From Jail or Prison
Authors: Fraga Rizo Cynthia , Mennicke Annelise , Van Deinse Tonya
Published: November 2019

Intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization and perpetration are common experiences among incarcerated people. Despite knowledge regarding the challenges of re-integrating post-release from jail or prison, including an increased risk of homicide victimization, there is a dearth of research focused on IPV-related homicides post-release from a correctional facility. To address this gap, the current study used 2003-2015 data from the National Violent Death Reporting System from 27 states to examine the characteristics and circumstances surrounding IPV-related homicides soon after the homicide victim was released from jail or prison. Of the 126 post-release homicides, 13.5% were related to IPV. Post-release homicides involving either a female victim or perpetrator were more likely to be IPV-related. In the case of many of the IPV-related homicides, there was evidence of prior IPV as well as potential bystanders (including formal and informal supports) who were aware of the risk for IPV escalation and possible lethality. Compared with non-IPV post-release homicides, those related to IPV were more likely to occur in the victim’s home, have been immediately preceded by a physical fight, and have occurred by means other than firearm. These findings highlight the importance of enhancing the capacity of correctional facilities and community-based services to assess for and respond to risk of IPV and IPV-related lethality for individuals leaving correctional institutions.
Do Violence Acceptance and Bystander Actions Explain the Effects of Green Dot on Reducing Violence Perpetration in High Schools?
Authors: Bush Heather M. , Coker Ann L. , DeGue Sarah , Clear Emily R. , Brancato Candace J. , Fisher Bonnie S.
Published: November 2019

This study extends prior analyses from a 5-year multisite cluster-randomized controlled trial to examine how the previously reported effects of the Green Dot bystander-based prevention program worked to reduce violence perpetration. Bystander-based interventions are hypothesized to prevent violence by reducing violence acceptance and increasing trained participants’ willingness and ability to actively engage others in violence prevention using safe and effective bystander actions to diffuse or avoid potentially violent situations. We tested this hypothesis by examining whether Green Dot worked to reduce violence through two mediators measured over time: reducing violence acceptance and increasing bystander actions. When accounting for changes in these mediators over time, the effect of this intervention on violence perpetration was hypothesized to be attenuated or explained. At baseline (spring 2010) and annually (2011-2014), all students in recruited high schools (13 intervention, 13 control) completed an anonymous survey (response rate = 83.9%). Student responses were aggregated as school-level counts for the analysis. Path analyses estimated direct and indirect effects at specific points in the implementation of the intervention. Longitudinal models were used to determine if changes in violence acceptance and bystander actions could explain or attenuate the effect of the intervention. Time-framed path model analyses indicated that the intervention worked as expected to increase bystander behaviors and reduce violence acceptance; both potential mediators were significantly associated with sexual violence perpetration. In addition, after adjusting intent-to-treat models for the hypothesized mediators, the intervention was no longer associated with violence perpetration. In conclusion, these findings indicate that this bystander intervention worked as hypothesized to reduce sexual violence perpetration by creating theory-based changes in students’ violence acceptance and bystander actions.
Reconceptualising Solidarity in the Social Factory: Cultural Work between Economic Needs and Political Desires
Authors: Strauß Anke , Fleischmann Alexander
Published: November 2019

This article reconceptualises work-based solidarity as political action that is distinct from, yet interlinked with, a socio-economic mode of activity. To extend existing relational approaches to work, this article reads a case study of a cultural initiative through Hannah Arendt’s notions of labour, work and (political) action. With the latter being a form of engagement marked by plurality – the co-presence of equality and difference – the analysis shows how work-based solidarity as political activity is a temporary and precarious phenomenon. It necessitates constant engagement of various material and discursive elements to create its conditions. This article also shows how work-based solidarity is enabled through particular arrangements of activities stretching over both the socio-economic and the political sphere in a way that maintains the political mode of work distinct from socio-economic reasoning without ignoring its economic necessities.
Reconfiguring Economic Democracy: Generating New Forms of Collective Agency, Individual Economic Freedom and Public Participation
Authors: Cumbers Andrew , McMaster Robert , Cabaço Susana , White Michael J
Published: November 2019

We seek to advance debate and thinking about economic democracy. While recognising the importance of existing approaches focused upon collective bargaining and workplace organisation, we articulate a perspective that emphasises the importance of individual economic rights, capabilities and freedoms at a time when established norms and protections at work are in retreat in many parts of the world. We outline a framework where both individual rights to self-government of one’s own labour, as well as the right of all citizens to participate in economic decision-making, are emphasised. The framework identifies a set of underlying principles, prerequisites, critical spheres for intervention, progressive institutional arrangements, and policies in pursuit of an expanded agenda around economic democracy. In this way, economic democracy potentially empowers individuals and creates the basis for generating new and sustainable alliances that challenge elite dominance in contemporary capitalism.
‘When I’m 65’: On the Age-negotiated Duty to Work
Authors: Wilińska Monika , Rolander Bo , Bűlow Pia H
Published: November 2019

The duty to work is an unquestionable norm in contemporary welfare systems. Nonetheless, as argued in this article, duty to work can be negotiable, and there are age norms that can be used to loosen its otherwise rigid character. This interview-based article follows the work rehabilitation stories of 57 men and women who, in making sense of their illnesses, rehabilitation and work, recurrently use age norms to validate their accounts. In the context of heightened social pressures on paid labour, the practices of doing age seem to both validate and counterbalance the norms of paid labour. Interestingly, the use of age norms is not bounded by any age, gender or education groups; rather, it is used across various social positions. The article discusses age and age norms and their relation to the moral norms of paid labour in contemporary welfare societies.
Axial flow development characteristics of circular and triangular supersonic jets in the presence of an annular coflow at large separation distance
Authors: Sureshkumar A , Sridhar BTN
Published: November 2019

Experimental studies were conducted to assess the effect of an annular coflow which surrounded a supersonic core jet in a coaxial jet system. Two different core jet shapes were employed which were circular and equilateral triangular. The core jets were maintained at two different total pressures, i.e. 360 and 550 kPa which corresponded to overexpansion conditions. The effect of coflow which surrounded core jet at a distance larger than the core jet diameter was such that the supersonic core length of the core jet was reduced in contrast to the elongation which was reported by earlier researchers for closer distances between the two jets. The Schlieren images of the coaxial jet system had shown that the region between the jet boundary of core jet and inner boundary of the annular coflow had a strong interaction with core jet which was characterised by a wave system and vortices. This region caused a reduction in supersonic core length and weakening of shock structure in the core jet. These findings have been corroborated by total pressure measurements along the core jet centreline. For the same operational conditions, the coflow caused reduction in supersonic core length more for triangular core jet when compared to that for circular core jet.