bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Delayed onset vagus nerve paralysis after occipital condyle fracture in a horse
Authors: Martin‐Giménez Tamara , Cruz Antonio M. , Barragán Agustín , Montero Estefanía , Sanchez Pedro G. , Caballero Guillermo , Corradini Ignacio
Published: September 2019

Occipital condylar fractures (OCFs) causing delayed onset lower cranial nerve paralysis (LCNPs) are rare. We present a 7‐year‐old Friesian horse with delayed onset dysphagia caused by vagus nerve (CNX) paralysis and suspicion of glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX) paralysis developed several days after a minor head injury. Endoscopic examination revealed right laryngeal hemiplegia and intermittent dorsal displacement of the soft palate. An area of submucosal hemorrhage and bulging was appreciated over the dorsal aspect of the medial compartment of the right guttural pouch. Radiological examination of the proximal cervical region showed rotation of the atlas and the presence of a large bone fragment dorsal to the guttural pouches. Occipital condyle fracture with delayed onset cranial nerve paralysis was diagnosed. Delayed onset cranial nerve paralysis causing dysphagia might be a distinguishable sign of OCF in horses. Delayed onset dysphagia after head injury should prompt equine clinicians to evaluate the condition of the atlanto‐occipital articulation and skull base.
Two hybrid histidine kinases, TcsB and the phytochrome FphA, are involved in temperature sensing in Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: Yu Zhenzhong , Ali Arin , Igbalajobi Olumuyiwa Ayokunle , Streng Christian , Leister Kai , Krauß Norbert , Lamparter Tilman , Fischer Reinhard
Published: September 2019

The adaptation of microorganisms to different temperatures is an advantage in habitats with steadily changing conditions and raises the question about temperature sensing. Here we show that in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans, the hybrid histidine kinase TcsB and phytochrome are involved in temperature‐induced gene transcription. Temperature‐activated phytochrome fed the signal into the HOG MAP kinase pathway. There is evidence that the photoreceptor phytochrome fulfills a temperature sensory role in plants and bacteria. The effects in plants are based on dark reversion from the active form of phytochrome, Pfr, to the inactive form, Pr. Elevated temperature leads to higher dark reversion rates, and hence, temperature sensing depends on light. In A. nidulans and in Alternaria alternata, the temperature response was light‐independent. In order to understand the primary temperature response of phytochrome, we performed spectral analyses of recombinant FphA from both fungi. Spectral properties after heat stress resembled the spectrum of free biliverdin, suggesting conformational changes and a softening of the binding pocket of phytochrome, possibly mimicking photoactivation. We propose a novel function for fungal phytochrome as temperature sensor.
One bronchodilator or two? Translating clinical trials into clinical practice
Authors: Singh Dave
Published: September 2019

See related Article
Monitoring the topical delivery of ultrasmall gold nanoparticles using optical coherence tomography
Authors: Xu Qiuyun , Jalilian Elmira , Fakhoury Joseph W. , Manwar Rayyan , Michniak‐Kohn Bozena , Elkin Kenneth B. , Avanaki Kamran
Published: September 2019

Background

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a promising imaging modality for skin cancer diagnosis. However, this capability has been hindered by the low contrast between normal and neoplastic tissue. To overcome this limitation, gold nanoparticles have been used to enhance the contrast in OCT images and are topically administered to reduce the risk of systematic side effects associated with intravenous injection. To ensure efficient penetration and distribution of the nanoparticles, an enhanced delivery strategy is required. In this porcine study, we assessed two delivery methods: (a) using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and (b) via sonophoresis.

Materials and Methods

The gold nanoparticles were topically applied on pig skin before evaluating DMSO and sonophoresis as penetration enhancers in topical administration. The OCT images were taken from the same locations to monitor signal change.

Conclusion

The combination of DMSO and sonophoresis is an effective method to enhance the penetration and diffusion rate of nanoparticles during topical administration.

Significance

Topical administration of nanoparticles is advantageous in dermatological applications. Nevertheless, efficient topical delivery remains a challenge. DMSO and sonophoresis can be used as two effective approaches to enhance topical delivery of nanoparticles.
Actitud filosófica como herramienta para pensar
Authors: Arias Sanabria Claudia Janneth , Carreño Sabogal Gina Alexandra , Mariño Díaz Liliana Andrea
Published: September 2019

Este artículo presenta los resultados de la investigación “Actitud filosófica e infancia: formación y trasformación de maestros” desarrollada en el Jardín Infantil de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC), como estrategia para desarrollar la actitud filosófica a través de la Comunidad de Indagación. Está dividido en tres momentos descriptivos, el primero, consideraciones previas, contiene: la filosofía como herramienta para pensar, la actitud filosófica como estilo de vida, y filosofía para niños como perspectiva teórica y metodológica. El segundo, perspectiva metodológica. El tercer momento, la experiencia como transformación, abarca: comunidad de indagación y lúdica; comunidad de indagación con niños; formación y transformación del maestro; descubriendo la infancia; pensamiento crítico, creativo y ético en la infancia; y, de la comunidad de indagación a una forma de vida.
Analysis of the Design and Operation of a Hybrid Trigeneration-Photovoltaic System Installed in a Shopping Mall
Authors: López Vega Aldo , Rubio-Maya Carlos , Kowalski Gregory J. , Pacheco Ibarra J. Jesús
Published: September 2019

In this paper, the analysis of the design and operation of a hybrid trigeneration/photovoltaic system installed in a shopping mall is presented. Thermodynamic models based on the first and second laws are developed to analyze all the system's components individually and integrated all together in a trigeneration scheme. Thermodynamics models were validated through experimental data obtained from the equipment running on site. Once the models were validated, it was possible to analyze the actual operating conditions to determine the suitability of the design configuration and to predict the overall performance of the system. In the analysis of the system's design, the first and second law efficiencies, the exergy of each stream, as well as the exergy destruction in each component are reported. In the analysis of the system's operation, several scenarios under different operating conditions were studied and the most suitable scenario was determined by applying an economic analysis based on the net present value. The results show the configuration on which the maximum energy efficiency of the system is obtained as well as the best operation strategy where the greatest economic savings are achieved.
Completing an experimental nondepolarizing Mueller matrix whose column or row is missing
Authors: Ossikovski Razvigor , Arteaga Oriol
Published: September 2019

The authors report on an algebraic procedure, allowing for the completion of an experimental nondepolarizing Mueller matrix with a column or a row missing to a full 16-element one. The method provides a closed-form solution for the missing column or row and is illustrated on single-wavelength, spectroscopic, and imaging experimental examples.
Perceptual audio processing stethoscope
Authors: Nowak Lukasz J. , Nowak Karolina M.
Published: September 2019

Stethoscopes are used to transmit body sounds related to various physiological processes to ears of a physician, providing basic or supportive information for eventual diagnosis. Unfavorably, the dominant frequency components of most of the auscultation signals are localized close to the lower frequency limits of the human auditory system, restricting the achievable selectivity and specificity. The present study introduces an approach that aims at overcoming the existing limitations. A signal processing scheme utilizing knock rejection, dynamic compressor, and pseudo-stereo synthesizer blocks is described, along with hardware implementation and results of the initial subjective evaluation.
Youth Sport Motivation and Participation: Paradigms, Perspectives, and Practicalities
Authors: Weiss Maureen R.
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this review is to characterize major advancements in the past 40 years of research on youth sport motivation. The author focuses on this period, during which the Institute for the Study of Youth Sports, affiliated researchers, and other scholars contributed to the current state of the field. First, she traces paradigm shifts that represent changes in the philosophy and practice of science in youth sport motivation research. Second, she discusses emergent theoretical perspectives that guided empirical research and produced robust findings on predictors, mediators, and outcomes of motivation. Third, she translates these theories and associated studies to inform evidence-based best practices for youth sport programs. Finally, the author recommends that future research highlight developmental approaches, examine sport as a means of promoting physical activity, and consider multidisciplinary perspectives on conducive topics. By reflecting on paradigm shifts and research trends over time, scholars can meaningfully contribute to an increased understanding of youth sport motivation in the decades to come.
Maltreatment in Youth Sport: A Systemic Issue
Authors: Kerr Gretchen , Battaglia Anthony , Stirling Ashley
Published: September 2019

The recent, highly publicized cases of maltreatment of athletes have garnered critical attention by the public at large and stakeholders in sport, alike. For many, these cases threaten popular views that sport contributes in important ways to positive youth development. The growing evidence showing that maltreatment occurs to youth sport participants highlights the need for safe, harm-free sport environments as a fundamental prerequisite for positive developments to be reaped. By unpacking the case study of USA Gymnastics and Dr. Larry Nassar’s abuses in this paper, the authors show that for athlete maltreatment to occur and be sustained across so many victims and so many years, more than a perpetrator is needed. The nature of the environment, from the interpersonal level to organizational policies and societal influences, contributes to the occurrence and perpetuation of athlete maltreatment. Using Bronfenbrenner’s ecological-systems model, the authors argue for a systemic approach to preventing and addressing athlete maltreatment. Recommendations are posed for safeguarding youth athletes and fostering the sporting conditions in which positive youth development can occur.
Advancing Youth Sport Scholarship: Selected Directions and Considerations
Authors: Smith Alan L. , Erickson Karl , Malete Leapetswe
Published: September 2019

Youth sport research has expanded considerably since the founding of the Michigan State University Institute for the Study of Youth Sports in 1978. This research has resulted in meaningful advancements in knowledge and proved enormously valuable in both safeguarding athlete well-being and fostering positive sport experiences. There are still knowledge gaps in the scholarly literature that have important implications for youth sport participants and programs. Hopefully, the quantity and quality of the scholarly literature on youth sport will continue to expand in response to broader societal changes and scientific advances. This paper addresses the future of youth sport scholarship, focusing on 3 selected areas of promise. The first pertains to positive youth development work, including efforts tied to fostering economic opportunity among young people. The second pertains to youth sport as a domain for addressing public health, an emerging area with respect to physical activity promotion, injury surveillance, physical well-being, and mental health. Finally, the paper addresses implications of the Fourth Industrial Revolution for youth sport and how this might shape scholarship over the coming decades. Pursuing these areas of research while attending to important opportunities for and challenges to the promotion of developmentally appropriate youth sport experiences is expected to meaningfully contribute to knowledge and, ultimately, the well-being of young athletes.
Warming transforms the oceans and poles
Authors: Voosen Paul
Published: September 2019

United Nations report forecasts dire effects, adding urgency to a week of climate action.
Privacy concerns could derail Facebook data-sharing plan
Authors: Mervis Jeffrey
Published: September 2019

Foundations to suspend funding for unprecedented collaboration with academic researchers.
NIH center struggles to speed new therapies
Authors: Kaiser Jocelyn
Published: September 2019

Lofty goals have collided with tight funding and a conservative industry.
Minefield
Authors: Cornwall Warren
Published: September 2019

The fight against a huge gold mine in Alaska could turn on ecologist Daniel Schindler's classic studies of salmon.
Spatiotemporal immune zonation of the human kidney
Authors: Stewart Benjamin J. , Ferdinand John R. , Young Matthew D. , Mitchell Thomas J. , Loudon Kevin W. , Riding Alexandra M. , Richoz Nathan , Frazer Gordon L. , Staniforth Joy U. L. , Vieira Braga Felipe A. , Botting Rachel A. , Popescu Dorin-Mirel , Vento-Tormo Roser , Stephenson Emily , Cagan Alex , Farndon Sarah J. , Polanski Krzysztof , Efremova Mirjana , Green Kile , Del Castillo Velasco-Herrera Martin , Guzzo Charlotte , Collord Grace , Mamanova Lira , Aho Tevita , Armitage James N. , Riddick Antony C. P. , Mushtaq Imran , Farrell Stephen , Rampling Dyanne , Nicholson James , Filby Andrew , Burge Johanna , Lisgo Steven , Lindsay Susan , Bajenoff Marc , Warren Anne Y. , Stewart Grant D. , Sebire Neil , Coleman Nicholas , Haniffa Muzlifah , Teichmann Sarah A. , Behjati Sam , Clatworthy Menna R.
Published: September 2019

Immune landscape of the human kidney

Single-cell RNA sequencing has begun to shed light on the full cellular diversity of specific organs. However, these studies rarely examine organ-specific immune cells. Stewart
et al.
sequenced healthy adult and fetal kidney samples at a single-cell level to define the heterogeneity in epithelial, myeloid, and lymphoid cells. From this dataset, they identified zonation of cells, with relevance to disease and the varied perturbations that occur in different tumor settings. This profiling of the human kidney generates a comprehensive census of existing cell populations that will help inform the diagnosis and treatment of kidney-related diseases.

Science
, this issue p.
1461
Ultrasound imaging of gene expression in mammalian cells
Authors: Farhadi Arash , Ho Gabrielle H. , Sawyer Daniel P. , Bourdeau Raymond W. , Shapiro Mikhail G.
Published: September 2019

Sounding out mammalian cells

Live cell imaging allows us to observe cellular processes in real time. Most methods rely on light, and the poor penetration of light into tissues limits their application. Ultrasound penetrates tissues, and cellular reporters that respond to ultrasound have been developed recently. These reporters are air-filled protein structures that provide buoyancy in the bacteria they are derived from, but when surrounded by a fluid medium, they reflect sound waves. Farhadi
et al.
achieved expression from multiple genes to create these complex structures in mammalian cells. In addition to optimizing reporter production and detection, they visualize cells in a proof-of-principle experiment in mouse tumor xenografts.

Science
, this issue p.
1469
The low density and magnetization of a massive galaxy halo exposed by a fast radio burst
Authors: Prochaska J. Xavier , Macquart Jean-Pierre , McQuinn Matthew , Simha Sunil , Shannon Ryan M. , Day Cherie K. , Marnoch Lachlan , Ryder Stuart , Deller Adam , Bannister Keith W. , Bhandari Shivani , Bordoloi Rongmon , Bunton John , Cho Hyerin , Flynn Chris , Mahony Elizabeth K. , Phillips Chris , Qiu Hao , Tejos Nicolas
Published: September 2019

Probing a galaxy halo with a radio burst

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are millisecond flashes of radio emission from distant galaxies. It has only recently become possible to locate single bursts precisely enough to determine the host galaxy. Prochaska
et al.
have observed and localized a FRB using a radio interferometer. The line of sight to the host galaxy coincidentally passes through the outskirts of a closer foreground galaxy. By analyzing the propagation of the FRB, the authors put constraints on the density and magnetization of gas in the outskirts of the foreground galaxy. The technique provides complementary information to existing methods using background quasars.

Science
, this issue p.
231
The world that came in from the cold
Authors: Laughlin Greg
Published: September 2019

A giant Jupiter-like planet orbiting a small star spurs rethinking of planet formation
Coming of age in the animal kingdom
Wildhood: The Epic Journey from Adolescence to Adulthood in Humans and Other Animals
Barbara Natterson-Horowitz and Kathryn Bowers
Scribner, 2019. 368 pp.
Authors: Wilbrecht Linda
Published: September 2019

From daring otters to overprotective opossums, a new book tells tales of adolescence
Immediate impact of minimum unit pricing on alcohol purchases in Scotland: controlled interrupted time series analysis for 2015-18
Authors: O’Donnell Amy , Anderson Peter , Jané-Llopis Eva , Manthey Jakob , Kaner Eileen , Rehm Jürgen
Published: September 2019

Objective

To assess the immediate impact of the introduction of minimum unit pricing in Scotland on household alcohol purchases.

Design

Controlled interrupted time series analysis.

Setting

Purchase data from Kantar Worldpanel’s household shopping panel for 2015-18.

Participants

5325 Scottish households, 54 807 English households as controls, and 10 040 households in northern England to control for potential cross border effects.

Interventions

Introduction of a minimum price of 50p (€0.55; $0.61) per UK unit (6.25p per gram) for the sale of alcohol in Scotland on 1 May 2018.

Main outcome measures

Price per gram of alcohol, number of grams of alcohol purchased from off-trade by households, and weekly household expenditure on alcohol.

Results

The introduction of minimum unit pricing in Scotland was associated with an increase in purchase price of 0.64p per gram of alcohol (95% confidence interval 0.54 to 0.75), a reduction in weekly purchases of 9.5 g of alcohol per adult per household (5.1 to 13.9), and a non-significant increase in weekly expenditure on alcohol per household of 61p (−5 to 127). The increase in purchase price was higher in lower income households and in households that purchased the largest amount of alcohol. The reduction in purchased grams of alcohol was greater in lower income households and only occurred in the top fifth of households by income that purchased the greatest amount of alcohol, where the reduction was 15 g of alcohol per week (6 to 24). Changes in weekly expenditure were not systematically related to household income but increased with increasing household purchases.

Conclusions

In terms of immediate impact, the introduction of minimum unit pricing appears to have been successful in reducing the amount of alcohol purchased by households in Scotland. The action was targeted, in that reductions of purchased alcohol only occurred in the households that bought the most alcohol.
Graham Roberts Study protocol: first ‘trials within cohort study’ for bladder cancer
Authors: Wylie Harriet , Cahill Fidelma , Santaolalla Aida , Moss Charlotte Louise , Enting Deborah , Amery Suzanne , Chatterton Kathryn , Khan Muhammad Shamim , Bryan Richard T , Gillett Cheryl , Josephs Debra , Chowdhury Simon , Rudman Sarah , Hughes Simon , Relton Clare , Van Hemelrijck Mieke
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Given the need for more bladder cancer research and the recently observed advantages of introducing the trials within cohort (TwiCs) design, the set-up of the Graham Roberts Study (Roberts Study) will provide valuable infrastructure to answer a wide variety of research questions of a clinical, mechanistic, as well as supportive care nature in the area of bladder cancer.

Methods

Using the TwiCs design, we will recruit patients aged 18 or older who are willing and able to provide signed informed consent and have a diagnosis of new or recurrent bladder cancer into this prospective cohort study. All patients must have a basic understanding of the English language. The following questionnaires will be collected at baseline and every 12 months subsequently: Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy for Bladder Cancer, the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue, the Patient Heath Questionnaire-9, the standardised instrument for a generic health status (EQ-5D-5L), a Short Questionnaire to Assess Health-Enhancing Physical Activity and the Hertfordshire Short Questionnaire to Assess Diet Quality.

Ethics and dissemination

Due to the nature of this study, we obtained full ethical clearance from the London—Fulham Research Ethics Committee (17/LO1975). All participants must provide full informed consent before recruitment onto the study. The results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and data collected as part of the study will be made available to potential collaborators on an application basis.
Measuring open defecation in India using survey questions: evidence from a randomised survey experiment
Authors: Vyas Sangita , Srivastav Nikhil , Mary Divya , Goel Neeta , Srinivasan Sujatha , Tannirkulam Ajaykumar , Ban Radu , Spears Dean , Coffey Diane
Published: September 2019

Objectives

To investigate differences in reported open defecation between a question about latrine use or open defecation for every household member and a household-level question.

Setting

Rural India is home to most of the world’s open defecation. India’s Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) 2015–2016 estimates that 54% of households in rural India defecate in the open. This measure is based on a question asking about the behaviour of all household members in one question. Yet, studies in rural India find substantial open defecation among individuals living in households with latrines, suggesting that household-level questions underestimate true open defecation.

Participants

In 2018, we randomly assigned latrine-owning households in rural parts of four Indian states to receive one of two survey modules measuring sanitation behaviour. 1215 households were asked about latrine use or open defecation individually for every household member. 1216 households were asked the household-level question used in India’s DHS: what type of facility do members of the household usually use?

Results

We compare reported open defecation between households asked the individual-level questions and those asked the household-level question. Using two methods for comparing open defecation by question type, the individual-level question found 20–21 (95% CI 16 to 25 for both estimates) percentage points more open defecation than the household-level question, among all households, and 28–29 (95% CI 22 to 35 for both estimates) percentage points more open defecation among households that received assistance to construct their latrines.

Conclusions

We provide the first evidence that individual-level questions find more open defecation than household-level questions. Because reducing open defecation in India is essential to meeting the Sustainable Development Goals, and exposure to open defecation has consequences for child mortality and development, it is essential to accurately monitor its progress.

Trial registration number

Registry for International Development Impact Evaluations (5b55458ca54d1).
Gas seepage pockmark microbiomes suggest the presence of sedimentary coal seams in the Öxarfjörður graben of northeastern Iceland
Authors: Þorsteinsdóttir Guðný Vala , Blischke Anett , Sigurbjörnsdóttir M. Auður , Òskarsson Finnbogi , Arnarson Þórarinn Sveinn , Magnússon Kristinn P. , Vilhelmsson Oddur
Published: September 2019

Natural gas seepage pockmarks are found off- and onshore in the Öxarfjörður graben, Iceland. The bacterial communities of two onshore seepage sites were analysed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing; the geochemical characteristics, hydrocarbon content, and the carbon isotope composition of the sites were also determined. While one site was found to be characterised by biogenic origin of methane gas, with a carbon isotope ratio (δ13C (‰)) of −63.2, high contents of organic matter and complex hydrocarbons, the other site showed a mixed origin of the methane gas (δ13C (‰) = −26.6) with geothermal characteristics and lower organic matter content. While both sites harboured Proteobacteria as the most abundant bacterial phyla, the Deltaproteobacteria were more abundant at the geothermal site and the Alphaproteobacteria at the biogenic site. The Dehalococcoidia class of phylum Chloroflexi was abundant at the geothermal site while the Anaerolineae class was more abundant at the biogenic site. Bacterial strains from the seepage pockmarks were isolated on a variety of selective media targeting bacteria with bioremediation potential. A total of 106 strains were isolated and characterised, including representatives from the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. This article describes the first microbial study on gas seepage pockmarks in Iceland.
PlWRKY70: a Paeonia lactiflora transcription factor that sensitively responds to low-temperature, salt, and waterlogging stresses
Authors: Han Caiyun , Li Junjie , Ma Yan , Guo Jing , Guo Xianfeng , Xu Jinguang
Published: September 2019

The WRKY family is a specific super gene family in plants that plays a significant regulatory role in abiotic stress in plants. In this paper, the PlWRKY70 gene was cloned by RT-PCR from Paeonia lactiflora ‘Da Fugui’ buds (GenBank accession no. KU891819). The open reading frame of the gene was 936 bp in length, encoding 311 amino acids. The PlWRKY70 gene contained a WRKY domain in its coding region that belonged to the group III WRKY family and was evolutionarily the closest to Paeonia suffruticosa. PlWRKY70 was widely expressed and found at an extremely high level in buds. Moreover, the PlWRKY70 protein was mostly detected in the nucleus. The expression of PlWRKY70 was remarkably influenced by different abiotic stresses with completely different patterns. It could be significantly induced by low-temperature and salt stress, rapidly reaching peak levels after the initial 4 or 8 h of the stress treatment, whereas under waterlogging stress, it was considerably suppressed, dramatically dropping to minimum levels after 2 h of treatment. These profiles suggested that PlWRKY70 was sensitive to low-temperature, salt, and waterlogging stresses in P. lactiflora.
Citation patterns of publications using unmanned aerial vehicles in ecology and conservation
Authors: Dujon Antoine M.
Published: September 2019

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are incorporated as an important part of the toolbox to complement existing methods used in studies in ecology. It is therefore useful to understand how publications concerning those studies accumulate citations over time. In this study I used 213 articles in which UAVs were used in the research and I investigated for potential factors underlying how many citations they received. I used metrics that were already shown to be correlated with the number of citations in other fields, and tested more specific effects, such as the ecosystem, habitat type, or the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List status of the study species. I found that the time elapsed since publication was the only variable explaining the number of citations a publication received. The average number of citations was 12.1 [95% credible intervals: 8.8–16.7] after 2 years and 41.8 [95% credible intervals: 27.1–63.7] after 5 years. In total, <6% of publications had no citations after 1 year and <0.5% of publications after 2 years, which is lower than for the field of biology as a whole. This study allows a baseline to be established, from which we can compare the evolution of the field in the future.
Dilaton black hole entropy from entropy function formalism
Authors: Velni Komeil Babaei , Jalali Ali , Khoshdelan Bahareh
Published: September 2019

It has been shown that the entropy function formalism is an efficient way to calculate the entropy of black holes in string theory. We check this formalism for the extremal charged dilaton black hole. We find the general four-derivative correction on the black hole entropy from the value of the entropy function at its extremum point.
$$dS_4$$ vacua from matter-coupled 4D $$N=4$$ gauged supergravity
Authors: Dao H. L. , Karndumri Parinya
Published: September 2019

We study$$dS_4$$dS4vacua within matter-coupled$$N=4$$N=4gauged supergravity in the embedding tensor formalism. We derive a set of conditions for the existence of$$dS_4$$dS4solutions by using a simple ansatz for solving the extremization and positivity of the scalar potential. We find two classes of gauge groups that lead to$$dS_4$$dS4vacua. One of them consists of gauge groups of the form$$G_{\text {e}}\times G_{\text {m}}\times H$$Ge×Gm×HwithHbeing a compact group and$$G_{\text {e}}\times G_{\text {m}}$$Ge×Gma non-compact group with$$SO(3)\times SO(3)$$SO(3)×SO(3)subgroup and dyonically gauged. These gauge groups are the same as those giving rise to maximally supersymmetric$$AdS_4$$AdS4vacua. The$$dS_4$$dS4and$$AdS_4$$AdS4vacua arise from different coupling ratios between$$G_{\text {e}}$$Geand$$G_{\text {m}}$$Gmfactors. Another class of gauge groups is given by$$SO(2,1)_{\text {e}}\times SO(2,1)_{\text {m}}\times G_{\text {nc}}\times G'_{\text {nc}}\times H$$SO(2,1)e×SO(2,1)m×Gnc×Gnc′×HwithSO(2, 1),$$G_{\text {nc}}$$Gncand$$G'_{\text {nc}}$$Gnc′dyonically gauged. We explicitly check that all known$$dS_4$$dS4vacua in$$N=4$$N=4gauged supergravity satisfy the aforementioned conditions, hence the two classes of gauge groups can accommodate all the previous results on$$dS_4$$dS4vacua in a simple framework. Accordingly, the results provide a new approach for finding$$dS_4$$dS4vacua. In addition, relations between the embedding tensors for gauge groups admitting$$dS_4$$dS4and$$dS_5$$dS5vacua are studied, and a new gauge group,$$SO(2,1)\times SO(4,1)$$SO(2,1)×SO(4,1), with a$$dS_4$$dS4vacuum is found by applying these relations to$$SO(1,1)\times SO(4,1)$$SO(1,1)×SO(4,1)gauge group in five dimensions.
COMMONLY UTILIZED PHYSIOTHERAPY TREATMENT APPROACHES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SUB-ACUTE SCIATICA: A DELPHI STUDY
Authors: Emms A. , Papadopoullos S. , Duarte R.
Published: September 2019

There is limited evidence for the utilization of physiotherapy in the management of sub-acute sciatica. The aim of this study is to reach consensus on physiotherapeutic approaches to the management of sub-acute sciatica amongst a panel of clinicians experienced in this field. The Delphi method was chosen as the process. The panel comprised expert physiotherapists ([Formula: see text]) working within a musculoskeletal outpatient setting within the United Kingdom National Health Service. Iteration 1 consisted of the open-ended question ‘List the treatment approaches/techniques/modalities you employ when treating a patient with sub-acute sciatica and provide justifications’. Themes reaching 70% consensus progressed to the second iteration which followed up with the question “Please indicate how frequently you would employ the following treatments in the management of sub-acute sciatica” using a 5-point likert scale ranging from 1 (never) to 5 (always). The mean score was calculated for each treatment and those themes achieving a mean of 3.5 or greater progressed to iteration 3 “Please rank in order of preference which of the following treatments you would employ in the treatment of sub-acute sciatica”. The response rate at iteration 3 was 100%. This study achieved consensus on two treatment approaches to be employed in the management of sub-acute sciatica. These treatments were advice on the nature and natural history of the condition and self-help activities such as heat/ice, staying active and rest when needed.
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN VENTURE FINANCING: A STUDY AMONG CANADIAN AND US ENTREPRENEURS
Authors: ROBICHAUD YVES , CACHON JEAN-CHARLES , McGRAW EGBERT
Published: September 2019

Entrepreneurship contributes significantly to economic growth and female entrepreneurs are strongly involved because their economic contribution is steadily increasing. However, research also reveals that female entrepreneurs face more financial barriers when compared to their male counterparts. Therefore, it is of prime importance to understand better female entrepreneurs’ behavior regarding financing. The purpose of this research was to explore gender differences related to financing with an intention to uncover why such differences exist. An empirical study involving a sample of 946 entrepreneurs from Canada and the United States was conducted to examine the issue. Results revealed that female entrepreneurs start their ventures with less capital than males, have a lesser tendency than males to obtain a bank loan and have a perception of being more in debt than their male counterparts are. Moreover, both variables depicting the smaller size of female-owned ventures and the intrinsic motivations expressed by female entrepreneurs acted as explanatory factors for the lower proportion of bank loans in the case of female-owned venture startups.
Kinetic Aspects of the Interplay of Cancer and the Immune System
Authors: Zhdanov Vladimir P.
Published: September 2019

The understanding of the interplay between cancer and the immune system is still limited. Herein, I focus on two aspects of this interplay. First, I propose a kinetic model describing the likely role of the immune system in the lifetime risk of cancer at the level of the whole human population. For each tissue, the risk is predicted to be influenced by the heterogeneity of the population and to depend exponentially on time. The expression for the risk does not, however, depend explicitly on the total number of divisions of the corresponding stem cells. For this reason, the correlation with the latter number can only be indirect. Second, using another kinetic framework, I describe how the growth of a few tumors can depend on their interaction via the immune system. The analysis shows that depending on specific details, the tumors of different sizes tend either to reach the same size or remain to be of different sizes.
A Data-Driven Approach to Designing for Privacy in Household IoT
Authors: He Yangyang , Bahirat Paritosh , Knijnenburg Bart P. , Menon Abhilash
Published: September 2019

In this article, we extend and improve upon a previously developed data-driven approach to design privacy-setting interfaces for users of household IoT devices. The essence of this approach is to gather users’ feedback on household IoT scenarios
before
developing the interface, which allows us to create a navigational structure that preemptively maximizes users’ efficiency in expressing their privacy preferences, and develop a series of ‘privacy profiles’ that allow users to express a complex set of privacy preferences with the single click of a button. We expand upon the existing approach by proposing a more sophisticated translation of statistical results into interface design, and by extensively discussing and analyzing the tradeoff between user-model parsimony and accuracy in developing privacy profiles and default settings.
Acute Respiratory Failure after Administration of Hydrogen Peroxide as an Emetic in a Cat
Authors: Rauserova-Lexmaulova Leona , Agudelo Carlos , Prokesova Barbara
Published: September 2019

Objective and Case Summary. This case report describes a 5-year-old domestic short-haired cat that was orally administered with 4 mL of 3% hydrogen peroxide by the owner after suspecting ingestion of a foreign body by the cat. Shortly after the administration, the cat developed severe respiratory distress. Thoracic radiography showed an interstitial-to-alveolar pulmonary pattern, while echocardiography and heart injury markers ruled out a cardiac origin. Intensive management with oxygen, diuretics, bronchodilators, and sedation resulted in survival of the cat without further respiratory complications. New and Unique Information Provided. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a lung injury and acute respiratory failure after administration of hydrogen peroxide in a cat with successful management.
Eco-Friendly Photocatalyst Derived from Egg Shell Waste for Dye Degradation
Authors: Amarasinghe Achala , Wanniarachchi Dakshika
Published: September 2019

This study is focused on removal of dyes in water bodies using calcined egg shell powder obtained from waste egg shells as a new material for photocatalytic dye removal. The photocatalytic activity of calcined egg shell powder (CESP) was compared with the raw egg shell powder (RESP) under light and dark conditions. The results reveal that CESP has significantly a higher dye degradation capability of 80% compared to the RESP which is 20% under the same condition. Furthermore, under light conditions, CESP has shown nearly 50% increase in dye degradation compared to the same material in the dark. The kinetics of dye degradation follows pseudo-second-order kinetics suggesting the chemisorption process and the Freundlich adsorption isotherm is best fitted (R2 value is 0.96 for the linear fit) with the dye adsorption process. The application of CESP in industry is studied with a textile acid dye Lanasyn Rez F5B, and the results reveal it follows pseudo-second-order kinetics in dye removal.
Modeling of Flocculation and Sedimentation Using Population Balance Equation
Authors: Shi Zhipeng , Zhang Genguang , Zhang Yuzhuo , He Tingting , Pei Guoliang
Published: September 2019

Flocculation is a special phenomenon for fine sediment or silt in reservoirs and estuaries. Flocculation usually results in changes of size, morphology, and settling velocity of sediment particles and finally changes of bed topography of reservoirs and estuaries. The process of flocculation and sedimentation was simulated based on population balance modeling (PBM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD); the changes of particle or floc size and their settling velocities over time were examined. The results showed that flocculation is a dynamic and nonlinear process containing aggregation, breakage, reaggregation, and rebreakage between particles, microflocs, and macroflocs. Furthermore, the visual process of flocculation and sedimentation was directly created by the simulation results and is in good agreement with the results of the previous experiments.
Dhole Cuon alpinus (Mammalia: Carnivora: Canidae) rediscovered in Bardia National Park, Nepal
Authors: Yadav Shailendra Kumar , Lamichhane Babu Ram , Subedi Naresh , Thapa Ramesh Kumar , Poudyal Laxman , Dahal Bhagawan Raj
Published: September 2019

An increasing intensity of camera traps recorded the presence of poorly known and globally Endangered Asiatic Wild Dogs Cuon alpinus from different locations in recent years in Nepal.  After 18 years since the previous report, we recorded 29 photos and a video of Dholes in four independent detections with an effort of 4,035 trap-nights during camera trap surveys targeted at tigers in the winter of 2016/2017.  Solitary dholes were camera-trapped from four locations within 27.45km2 area in Bardia National Park.  The evidence of a dead Dhole probably killed in retaliation shows the threat to the species.  Dholes co-exist in Bardia with sympatric carnivores like Tiger Panthera tigris, Leopard Panthera pardus, and Jackal Canis aureus.
Seasonal vegetation shift and wetland dynamics in vulnerable granitic rocky outcrops of Palghat Gap of southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India
Authors: Arabhi Pathiyil , Nair Maya Chandrasekharan
Published: September 2019

Low altitude granitic hillock systems prevalent in Palghat (Palakkad) Gap region of southern Western Ghats were analyzed for seasonal dynamics in wetland taxa associated with marshy ephemeral flush vegetation, small ephemeral pools and deep rock pools.  Due to characteristic habitat features, such systems harbor a unique pattern of microhabitats and associated floristic components.  Wet phase in rocky outcrops in the monsoon season establishes a hydro-geomorphic habitat that supports establishment of wetland taxa like Eriocaulon, Drosera, Utricularia, Dopatrium, and Rotala.  Seasonal shift in the floral associations was evident in tune with wetland dynamics.  Wet rocks support ephemeral flush vegetation which display some unique plant associations of species of Eriocaulon, Utricularia, Drosera, Cyanotis, Murdannia, and Lindernia.  Small ephemeral pools displayed taxa like Rotala malampuzhensis R.V. Nair, Dopatrium junceum (Roxb.) Buch.-Ham. ex Benth., D. nudicaule (Willd.) Benth., Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.) C. Presl, and Cyperus iria L.  Rocky pools are the habitats of aquatic angiosperms like Nymphaea nouchali Burm. f., Ludwigia adscendens (L.) H. Hara, Utricularia aurea Lour. and Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle.  The study documented 121 plant taxa from 37 families during a wet phase from rocky outcrops of the study area.  Gradual shift in vegetation is evident as water recedes from granitic hillocks.  During the period from December to March, the rocky pools dry up which results in a shift in the vegetation pattern where Poaceae members form the dominant elements.  As most of the rocky outcrops are exposed to extreme temperature and acute water shortage, the taxa inhabiting such ecosystems tend to evolve much faster than in other habitats.  Moreover, the vicinity of these hillocks in the Palghat Gap region to human settlements, face threats like fire, grazing, quarrying, dumping of wastes etc. which may cause considerable loss to the very sensitive plant communities which are not yet fully documented.
The Himalayan Crestless Porcupine Hystrix brachyura Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia: Rodentia: Hystricidae): first authentic record from Bangladesh
Authors: Ul Hasan Mohammad Ashraf , Neha Sufia Akter
Published: September 2019

We report the first confirmed record of the Himalayan Crestless Porcupine Hystrix brachyura (Linnaeus, 1758) in Sundarbans mangrove forest, Bangladesh. An individual was observed and photographed in May 2018. The finding ensures the occurrence of this porcupine in a new habitat and stretches this species’ geographic distribution.
Observations of Brown Mongoose Herpestes fuscus (Mammalia: Carnivora: Herpestidae) in the wet evergreen forests of the Western Ghats, India
Authors: Kamath Vignesh , Seshadri Kadaba Shamanna
Published: September 2019

Brown Mongoose Herpestes fuscus is crepuscular in habit and rarely encountered.  Information on its natural history and ecology is limited and consequently its conservation requirements are not well understood.  We report observations of a Brown Mongoose feeding on a Nilgiri Langur Semnopithecus johnii carcass in the Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, southern India.  A camera trap was deployed over the Nilgiri Langur carcass over 10 nights during which, the mongoose visited the carcass on eight nights.  Based on the images captured, the mongoose behaviour was broadly categorized as vigilance, feeding, walking and grooming.  The mongoose was most active between 03.30–06.00 h and 19.00–00.00 h. Additionally, we report observations of a pair of Brown Mongoose foraging, and an incident of road mortality.  These observations will add to the limited current understanding of the species, necessary for assessing its conservation status and identifying interventions.
Response to spiders of Odisha: a preliminary checklist additions to the spider checklist of Odisha
Authors: Caleb John T.D.
Published: September 2019

Choudhury et al. (2018) presented a preliminary list of 248 spider species known to occur from Odisha State based on the compilation of all published literature and fresh collections carried out during 2016-17. This is the most recent paper providing an overall view of the spider diversity known in the state. However, the presented checklist seems to be incomplete, since not all species have been identified up to the species level. Several species, as many as 77 morphospecies, were identified up to the genus level only. Furthermore, it has also missed out on recording several species described from Odisha state itself.
Effects of Replacing Dietary Monounsaturated Fat With Carbohydrate on HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) Protein Metabolism and Proteome Composition in Humans
Authors: Andraski Allison B. , Singh Sasha A. , Lee Lang Ho , Higashi Hideyuki , Smith Nathaniel , Zhang Bo , Aikawa Masanori , Sacks Frank M.
Published: September 2019

Objective:

Clinical evidence has linked low HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol levels with high cardiovascular disease risk; however, its significance as a therapeutic target remains unestablished. We hypothesize that HDLs functional heterogeneity is comprised of metabolically distinct proteins, each on distinct HDL sizes and that are affected by diet.

Approach and Results:

Twelve participants were placed on 2 healthful diets high in monounsaturated fat or carbohydrate. After 4 weeks on each diet, participants completed a metabolic tracer study. HDL was isolated by Apo (apolipoprotein) A1 immunopurification and separated into 5 sizes. Tracer enrichment and metabolic rates for 8 HDL proteins—ApoA1, ApoA2, ApoC3, ApoE, ApoJ, ApoL1, ApoM, and LCAT (lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase)—were determined by parallel reaction monitoring and compartmental modeling, respectively. Each protein had a unique, size-specific distribution that was not altered by diet. However, carbohydrate, when replacing fat, increased the fractional catabolic rate of ApoA1 and ApoA2 on alpha3 HDL; ApoE on alpha3 and alpha1 HDL; and ApoM on alpha2 HDL. Additionally, carbohydrate increased the production of ApoC3 on alpha3 HDL and ApoJ and ApoL1 on the largest alpha0 HDL. LCAT was the only protein studied that diet did not affect. Finally, global proteomics showed that diet did not alter the distribution of the HDL proteome across HDL sizes.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrates that HDL in humans is composed of a complex system of proteins, each with its own unique size distribution, metabolism, and diet regulation. The carbohydrate-induced hypercatabolic state of HDL proteins may represent mechanisms by which carbohydrate alters the cardioprotective properties of HDL.
The Elusive Ark: Locus of Longing in Exile
Authors: Adelman Rachel
Published: September 2019

This paper compares the Babylonian and Palestinian talmudic traditions on the fate of the ark of the covenant—either lost before or during the Babylonian conquest, or buried in the Temple precincts (b. Yom’a 53b–54a; y. Sheqalim 6:1–2, 49c). In the Babylonian Talmud, the ark and the cherubim are described in highly erotic, feminized terms, blurring traditional gender categories of Israel and God. The feminization of the ark serves as a “survival strategy” to counter the defiling gaze of the gentile conqueror, but also preserves the sacred center as a locus of longing for Jews in diaspora.