bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENYULUHAN PENTINGNYA PENGENALAN BAHASA INGGRIS PADA ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Ambawani Suprih , Saudah Siti , Putranti Bernadetta Eko
Published: January 2025

English language skills need to be mastered as means to prepare human resources to increase individual competitiveness in the global job market. English needs to be introduced from an early age, also known as the "golden age" where children have optimal ability to learn various languages. The purpose of this Community Service activity is 1) to provide parents with an overview of the importance of English language skills in the global era, and 2) to provide knowledge to mothers about the right method to introduce English to preschooler so that it can foster interest, motivation to learn English, and children's self-confidence and be able to compete in the global era. The Community Service activity was held on August 6, 2024 at 09.00-12.30 WIB. in the Multipurpose Room of Kapanewon Mlati, Sleman with participants from mothers in Kapanewon Mlati, Sleman, DIY. The method of implementing the activity was in the form of counseling through lectures accompanied by simulations of how to introduce English to preschoolers which were given through pictures, songs, movements, fairy tales, fun games and question and answer sessions. The results shower that the delivery of counseling material was able to improve mothers' understanding of the importance of introducing English, as well as being an appropriate and creative way to introduce English to preschooler which fosters interest and motivation to learn English, as well as forming independent learners who are able to compete in the global era. Therefore, it is hoped that parents will be able to foster interest in learning English from an early age which will have an impact on children's education and careers in the future.
Dokazivanje u postupku rešavanja sporova povodom registracije naziva internet domena
Authors:   University of Belgrade Faculty of Law, Jovanović Marko
Published: January 2025

This paper focuses on the analysis of rules on evidence in the procedure for settlement of disputes arising out of registration of domain names. After explaining the notion and the general purpose of evidence, the author presents and analyzes the rules on evidence in the procedure for settlement of disputes arising out of registration of domain names, putting a special emphasis on the Rules of procedure for settlement of disputes arising out of registration of Serbian national domain names. Due attention is given to the analysis of caselaw of the Serbian Commission for resolution of national domain name disputes regarding evidence. The author concludes that, despite some differences in wording, the provisions on evidence contained in the Serbian Rules are alligned with international standards both in terms of the general purpose pursued and the content, while the Commission’s case-law gives a useful insight into the way in which these rules have so far been put in practice.
Influence of Insurgency on Geography Teachers’ Attitude and Students’ Achievement in Senior Secondary Schools in Maiduguri, Borno State, Northeastern Nigeria
Authors: Istifanus Kim David , Dakur Dickson Sura , Sadiq Gasi Abubakar
Published: January 2025

The influence of insurgency on Geography teachers’ attitudes towards teaching and students’ achievement constituted the problem of the study. Ex-post facto and survey research designs were employed for the study. The stratified sampling method was used to extract a sample of 134 Geography teachers and 357 senior secondary school students who were used for the study. These were distributed in 20 schools (5 private & 15 public). The WASSCE results for the 2019 session from the 20 sampled schools, as well as a Teachers’ Questionnaire on the Influence of Insurgency on Attitude and Achievement (TQIIAA) were used to gather the data for the study. Cronbach Alpha technique was used to determine the reliabilities of WASSCE and TQIIAA. This yielded reliability coefficients of 0.80 and 0.82 for WASSCE and TQIIAA respectively. Frequency counts, percentages, mean scores, and the chi-square test were used to analyze the data. The results showed that insurgency predominantly led to teachers’ negative attitudes and insufficient time devoted to the teaching of Geography which resulted in students’ failure in the subject. The test of hypotheses however proved that the relationship between these teachers’ variables (attitude and time devotion to teaching) and students’ achievement was not significant. It was therefore recommended that the Government restore peace and security to the study area in collaboration with school communities. It was further recommended that Geography teachers’ welfare should be given a premium to improve their attitude towards teaching the subject.
Expansión de la fiscalidad medioambiental en Aragón: los nuevos impuestos sobre parques eólicos y parques fotovoltaicos
Authors: Díez Simón Miguel
Published: January 2025

Aunque la energía renovable constituya uno de los principales motores de la transición energética, a las instalaciones eólicas y fotovoltaicas se les atribuyen efectos medioambientales perjudiciales sobre el paisaje, el medio y el territorio en el que se insertan. Es la producción de este daño ambiental el objeto imponible de los difundidos impuestos autonómicos sobre las instalaciones de generación de energía renovable, entre los que se encuentran los nuevos impuestos sobre parques eólicos y sobre parques fotovoltaicos de Aragón. Al inicio de la expansión de este nuevo espacio tributario se planteó el debate en torno a la eficacia de estos impuestos para combatir los daños producidos por las instalaciones, así como la adecuación de su existencia con los objetivos de desarrollo de energías renovables marcados por la Unión Europea. También se criticaba la falta de coherencia de algunos de los elementos tributarios con los objetivos medioambientales en cuanto, por ejemplo, a la determinación de los obligados tributarios o la configuración de la base imponible. No obstante, los recién aprobados impuestos aragoneses tienen características propias y originales que les diferencian del resto de las figuras autonómicas en un sentido que aporta mayor coherencia con su finalidad ambiental y que detallaremos en el presente trabajo.
Las consecuencias en el IRPF de la aportación de bienes privativos a la sociedad de gananciales
Authors: Puebla Agramunt Nuria
Published: January 2025

En un procedimiento para la adopción de resolución en unificación de criterio previsto en el artículo 229.1 d) de la LGT incoado por acuerdo del presidente del TEAC, se dicta la resolución de 23 de enero de 2024 (RG 2024/2023) para concluir que la aportación de un bien inmueble privativo a la sociedad de gananciales supone una alteración en la composición del patrimonio del cónyuge aportante generadora de una ganancia o pérdida patrimonial, atendiendo al concepto de ganancia patrimonial descrito en el artículo 33.1 de la LIRPF.
No obstante haber unificado criterio el TEAC, la cuestión no puede entenderse aclarada definitivamente.
Por ello, y como, a pesar de que hay sentencias de la Sala de lo Contencioso-Administrativo del TS sobre la no tributación de estas aportaciones en el cónyuge que las recibe en su ISD, no hay jurisprudencia que aclare si deben tributar en el IRPF del aportante, que es lo que afirma el TEAC, parece necesario un estudio monográfico sobre el particular, al que se dedican estas páginas.
Awareness of Mental Training Strategies among Amateur Boxers in Kenya
Authors: Macharia Micheal , Rintaugu Elijah Gitonga , Kamau Jayne Wanjiku
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this article is to determine the state of awareness of mental training strategies across gender, competition levels, and sports experience among amateur boxers in Kenya. Mental training strategies are the basic meta-cognitive processes used to control learning and the use of mental skills in sports. The mental training strategies included in the assessment tools are relaxation, goal-setting, self-talk, and imagery. The meta-cognitive awareness test (MAS) has two dimensions of knowledge, which are the cognitive domain and the cognitive regulative domain. Five BA-K branches, 12 clubs, and 147 boxers, comprising 120 males and 27 females, competing in the BA-K boxing league, were randomly selected, and the final sample of the study was formed. Boxers were selected based on their availability during data collection. Independent t-tests and one–way ANOVA were used to compare differences in the means of awareness and the use of mental training strategies. The means of regulative awareness was highest for goal setting, followed by relaxation and imagery, while self-talk had the least. The mean of both cognitive and regulative awareness was inadequate (<3.5) on a scale of 1-5. This indicated that mental skills were not given priority throughout training. The finding that boxers had the highest cognitive awareness in goal-setting suggests that coaches should put more emphasis on goal-setting as a foundation for learning other mental strategies. The result of this study will be used by coaches to improve training approaches based on competition level and sports experience of boxers and to improve performance in boxing.
Investigating The Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Efficacy Of Enicostemma Axillare (Poir. Ex Lam.) A. Raynal, Leaves: A Potent Natural Remedy
Authors:   Department of Botany, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana -500 007, India, Nampelli P. , Prabhakar G. ,   Sri GpAvens Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd, AIC-CCMB, Medical Biotechnology Complex, Annex-II, Habsiguda, Hyderabad, Telangana-500 007, India, Kamalakar P. ,   Department of Botany, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana -500 007, India
Published: January 2025

Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A. Raynal, often known as Indian whitehead, belongs to the Gentianaceae family and is well-known for its traditional medicinal usage in India and around the world. The antioxidant and antibacterial activities of methanolic E. axillare leaf extracts were investigated in vitro. The antioxidant activity was measured using ABTS radical and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging tests, with ascorbic acid as the standard. The ABTS experiment showed concentration-dependent antioxidant activity, with an IC₅₀ value of 65.41 µg/mL, less potent than ascorbic acid (IC₅₀: 1.32 µg/mL). NO scavenging activity was substantial, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 67.24 ± 1.82 µg/mL to 69.84 ± 1.75 µg/mL. However, ascorbic acid performed better (IC₅₀: 24.28 ± 1.29 µg/mL to 84.93 ± 3.37 µg/mL). Antibacterial activity was tested using the disc diffusion method, and it demonstrated superior efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and P. aeruginosa) with inhibition zones of 10-16 mm, compared to Gram-positive strains (S. aureus and S. pneumoniae). In contrast, the common antibiotic ampicillin had much higher antibacterial activity. Antifungal activity, as measured by the well diffusion method, showed low efficacy for E. axillare (inhibition zones: 0.8-10 mm) compared to fluconazole (12-25 mm). These findings emphasize E. axillare’s potential as a natural source of antioxidants and antibacterial agents, necessitating additional optimization and research for improved therapeutic uses.
Mechanical and bioprosthetic valves in young women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiac, maternal, and fetal outcomes
Authors: Harta I Komang Adhi Parama , Pertiwi Putu Febry Krisna , Yasa Ketut Putu , Sudarma I Wayan
Published: January 2025

Valve replacement for the heart in young women, particularly those who are pregnant, is challenging. It requires finding the right balance between valve durability, managing anticoagulation, and ensuring positive reproductive outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis compared mechanical prosthetic (MP) and bioprosthetic valves (BP) across cardiac, maternal, and fetal outcomes. Nine studies were included following a comprehensive literature search. The analysis revealed MACE involving MP and BP were not significantly different (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 0.82–2.09, p = 0.26). Thromboembolic events were significantly more frequent in the MP group (OR: 6.59, 95% CI: 3.41–12.74, p < 0.001), while structural valve deterioration (SVD) occurred more often in BP recipients (OR: 0.01, 95% CI: 0.00–0.70, p = 0.03). Maternal outcomes showed a higher risk of pregnancy loss in MP recipients (OR: 4.62, 95% CI: 1.87–11.40, p < 0.001). Preterm delivery was more common went down in the MP group, but it wasn't enough to warrant statistical analysis (OR: 2.20, 95% CI: 0.86–5.58, p = 0.10). For reoperation or redo surgery, MP had lower risk and showed superior results than BP (OR: 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01–0.32, p = 0.001). These findings highlight the complexities involved in choosing between valve types. Although MP valves last longer, they increase the likelihood of thromboembolic events and miscarriage. While improving results for both the mother and the unborn child, BP valves, are prone to structural deterioration, necessitating reoperation. Individualized treatment decisions that consider patient preferences, clinical context, and reproductive plans are essential to optimizing outcomes for young women requiring valve replacement.
Family Support–A Critical Factor to Reduce Work Stress and Facilitate Work Life Balance for Female Employees of Banking Sectors in Bangladesh
Authors: Mehnaz Akhter  , Sultan Mahmud
Published: January 2025

Due to economic circumstances and social demands the role of working women has changed in developing countries, like Bangladesh. For this reason, women have tremendous pressure to develop a career as strong as their male counterparts while sustaining active participation in personal life. The ever-increasing pressure in the workplace makes it completely difficult for women to get quality time for their family. This creates negative impact on women’s physical, emotional and social well-being. Thus, attaining work life balance is essential for working women to have a good quality of professional and personal life. This study attempts to explore the role of family support to balance the work life and reduce the job stress for female employees in Bangladesh. The study also focuses on the impact of family support to maintain work life balance and reduce job stress. The finding of the study reveals that family support is the most important issue for working women to continue a healthy professional as well as personal life especially in case of married women. It is also visible that family support has an opposite relationship with job stress.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN EFFECTIVE QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AIMED AT PROVIDING HIGH-LEVEL TRAINING OF SPECIALISTS IN TECHNICAL SPHERES
Authors: EROFEEV Vladimir , KORNIENKO Sergey , PANFILOV Stepan , KABANOV Oleg , SERGUSHINA Elena
Published: January 2025

This article is devoted to the analysis of the quality management system for training of specialists in technical spheres. The article considers the importance of developing an effective system aimed at providing a high level of training of specialists in technical spheres. The study highlights key aspects of education quality management, such as planning of educational process, quality control of learning, assessment and continuous improvement of curricula. The authors set out to define basic principles, methods, and tools that will contribute to an effective quality management system for education of technical specialists. The article on the results of the study offers recommendations for improving the training system, identifying ways to optimize and improve the quality of training of specialists in the technical field.
FEATURES OF THE STRUCTURE FORMATION OF CELLULAR CONCRETE WITH CALCIUM-CONTAINING SILICATE ADDITIVES
Authors: BARTENJEVA Ekaterina , ILINA Liliia
Published: January 2025

The study of the structure formation of cement-ash foam concrete of natural hardening modified with calcium–containing silicate dispersed additives of chain structure – diopsideп and wollastonite. In foam concrete with additives of diopside and wollastonite, compressive strength is maintained and the average density of the material decreases due to additional air entrainment to 274 kg/m3 and 375 kg/m3, respectively, shrinkage deformations are reduced by 23% (with the introduction of diopside) and by 35% (with the introduction of wollastonite). It was found that with the introduction of wollastonite and diopside, a more complete hydration of the cement stone occurs. These mineral additives, having a high chemical affinity for the hydration products of Portland cement, activate the crystallization processes of its hydration products.
Symmetrical Spread of the Sun’s Position at the Equator
Authors: Rudianto Budi
Published: January 2025

Buildings that use renewable energy sources, such as sunlight with solar collector technology, are in demand to face climate change. The position of the sun is a pivotal reference for determining the optimum of solar collectors. There are two differences in the optimum results in the equatorial region due to the different perceptions in defining the sun’s position. This study highlights the optimum orientation that is not perpendicular because it reflects the actual position that spreads at the equator. This study aims to prove the sun’s position that spreads in the equatorial region and to show the optimum potential with varied accesses. The investigation is conducted through the angular coordinates of altitude and azimuth. The methodology used is simulation calculation and descriptive analysis by comparison. The simulation calculation uses SunEarthTools.com, based on equations from astronomical algorithms by Michalsky. The validation uses the NOAA Solar Position Calculator, based on equations from astronomical algorithms by Meeus. The targets of the study are to make a profile of the performance of the sun’s position and a profile of the opportunity for the sloped surfaces to accept access. The sun-earth relationship and the season period are the factors that cause differences in the angular range of the sun’s position for each latitude zone. The results prove that the equatorial region has a more spacious range of orientation and a relatively balanced high of elevation in the four main cardinal directions than other regions. The highest points occur twice during the equinoxes for the balanced position between the east and west orientations, and the farthest points happen in the summer solstices for the balanced position between the north and south orientations. The spreading position allows two low-inclined surfaces facing opposite orientations to be exposed simultaneously for long periods, especially in the equinoxes. This study contributes a theoretical insight into the optimum at the equator that has potency for optimum with diverse access.
"LEGAL STATUS OF THE ASSISTANT JUDGE IN CIVIL AND ECONOMIC PROCEEDINGS "
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Khudoynazarov Dadahon
Published: January 2025

"The article analyzes all the processes related to the participation of the assistant judge (senior assistant) - the secretary of the court session in the economic and civil process. The relevance of this topic is determined by the existence of discussions on clarifying the legal status of the assistant judge (secretary of the court session). Based on this, the opinions of foreign and domestic legal scholars on the determination of its legal status were studied, and the concepts related to the activities of the assistant judge were clarified. The author emphasizes that another difference between the assistant judge (secretary of the court session) and persons assisting in justice is manifested in the order of their involvement in the process. He also justifies that the persons participating in the case have the right to reasonably refuse the secretary of the court session according to the current legislation. The article examines the tasks and functions of the assistant judge, who is considered a powerful force for the judge (court), based on legislative documents, and draws conclusions. The experience of foreign countries in digitalizing their activities has been studied. As a result of the study, it was found that there are both positive and negative aspects related to the participation of the assistant judge (secretary of the court session) in economic and civil courts and other courts. In conclusion, recommendations and suggestions are provided for solving existing problems and improving legislation.
"
DISPUTED AND VOID TRANSACTIONS: A NEW CLASSIFICATION
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Usmanova Muniskhon
Published: January 2025

"The article examines the significance of transactions, which are an important institution of civil law of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the role of free will and expression of will in recognizing them as void, and an analysis of the classification of transactions based on their invalidity. The article also presents a new classification of invalid contracts, which is recommended to be regarded as an abstract principle rather than a casuistic. Several arguments are provided to justify the developed classification, reflecting suggestions for improving the current civil legislation. The main reason for dividing invalid contracts in civil law into disputed and automatically void contracts is to distinguish their consequences. However, after analyzing theory and practice, the author attempts to prove that this important basis is insignificant. Additionally, the article discusses the specific nature of the void of contracts, the subject of proof in each case of void (composition), the position on the statute of limitations, the circle of persons who have the right to file a claim, individuals who have the right to demand the automatic invalidation of the contract in the claim, and others. In the article, the methods of comparison, analysis-synthesis, and system analysis were widely used.
"
"THE FUTURE OF ASIA AGAINST CORRUPTION: IDEAS FOR THE CONFERENCE ON INTERACTION AND CONFIDENCE BUILDING MEASURES IN ASIA "
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Valijonov Daler
Published: January 2025

"The article examines the problems of determining the legal status of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia (CICA) and issues of combating corruption within this organization as a subject of international and public legal relations. Based on a systematic analysis of the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan and international experience, the specifics of the activities of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia (CICA) have been identified using comparative legal and official legal methods. Special attention was paid to the issues of international cooperation of the countries participating in the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-building Measures in Asia in the fight against economic crimes and corruption. It has been established that CICA is a multinational forum that strengthens cooperation in order to promote peace, security, and stability in Asia. Accordingly, a comprehensive approach is needed when considering the functions and tasks of this structure as a regional organization. As a result of the research, recommendations have been developed to improve the participation of the Republic of Uzbekistan within the framework of this organization. Proposals have been developed to improve the legislation on determining the legal status of the Meeting on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia. The need for special legal regulation of cooperation between the organization’s member states at the regional level within the framework of the fight against corruption has been substantiated.
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COPYRIGHT PROTECTION AND LIABILITY ISSUES IN VIRTUAL SPACE
Authors:   "Department of the Center for professional training of lawyers by international standards ", Lapasov Asliddin
Published: January 2025

"This article is dedicated to issues of copyright infringement in virtual space, its detection, and liability. In the context of the development of digital technologies, new problems related to copyright infringement arise, which ultimately complicate the protection of this right. The article analyzes the causes of copyright violations, tools for legal control and monitoring in the virtual space, as well as technologies for detecting violations. In particular, the current problems of copyright protection in the virtual environment using legal and technological tools have been identified, and issues of responsibility at the international and national levels have been studied. According to the research results, it was noted that to effectively protect copyright in the virtual space and reduce violations, it is necessary to improve legislation, develop technological tools, and increase legal literacy among the population. This article is useful in developing measures against digital offenses and contains suggestions and recommendations aimed at strengthening legal protection. The article is useful for lawyers, researchers, and specialists dealing with intellectual property in the digital environment and serves as an important basis for the development of new approaches and legal strategies in the protection of copyright.
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Fatal acute pulmonary embolism following endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection for gastric fundal varices
Authors: Harth C , De Mulder P , Raevens S , Ferdinande K , Hindryckx P , Geerts A , Van Vlierberghe H , Vanlangenhove P , Verhelst X
Published: January 2025

Acute gastric variceal bleeding is a rare but serious complication of portal hypertension. Initial therapy for bleeding gastric varices focuses on acute hemostasis. In this regard, endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection (ECI) is the first-line approach. Cyanoacrylate diluted with Lipiodol acts as a tissue adhesive that polymerizes on contact with blood. Glue-induced pulmonary embolism is a very rare but severe complication of ECI. This paper describes a case of fatal glue pulmonary embolism during ECI for prevention of bleeding from gastric fundal varices in a patient with polycythemia vera and the presence of portosystemic shunts.
PENGELOLAAN PENDAPATAN ASLI DESA DARI TANAH KAS DESA OLEH PEMERINTAH DESA (Studi di Desa Sungai Seria Kecamatan Ketunggau Hulu Kabupaten Sintang)
Authors: Redin Redin
Published: January 2025

Village Original Income (PADes) for Sungai Seria Village is obtained from village assets. Village assets owned by the Sungai Seria Village Government are in the form of Village Treasury Land handed over by the Village Government to PT. Dhanista Surya Nusantara for oil palm plantations. On this land, the village government through village regulations no. 1 of 2020 concerning Management of Sungai Village Cash Land, stipulates a rental price for 200 hectares of land, resulting in PADes since 2020. Management of village assets is an important concern for the village government, because good management of village assets has an impact on increasing PADes. This study aims to find out how the Village Original Income is managed which is sourced from the results of village treasury land rental fees by the Sungai Seria Village Government. This study uses an empirical juridical approach, with descriptive data analysis, to determine the sample used purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques through interviews, observation and documentation.The results showed that the Sungai Seria Village Government was able to take advantage of village assets in the form of village assets, namely village treasury land that had been handedover by the Village Government together with the community to be turned into oil palm plantations by PT. Dhanista Surya Nusantara. For this land, the village government sets a rental price, the payment of which is from the remaining results of the company’s operations through the Aboh Kitai oil palm smallholders cooperative from 2020 until now. The management of PADes from the rental price of the village treasury land has been carried out by the village government based on Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 20 of 2018 and Sintang Regent Regulation Number 22 of 2017, but the management has not been entirely to optimize the development and development of village communities.
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN WRITING SKILL PADA TEKS INTERAKSI INTERPERSONAL DENGAN MENERAPKAN TEKNIK PEMBELAJARAN TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE DI KELAS VII SMP
Authors: ASTATI ERA
Published: January 2025

Currently, English learning is a subject studied by every level of school, including grade VII at the Junior High School (SMP) level, one of the materials is Interpersonal Interaction Text. In this material, one of the aspects that is expected is that students can improve their skills in writing Interpersonal Interaction Text. One of the right learning techniques in learning English is the Total Physical Response (TPR) Learning Technique. TPR is a language learning method that is structured on the coordination of commands, speech and movement (action); and tries to teach language through physical activity (motor). This research is included in classroom action research (PTK) which is implemented in grade VII of SMP Baiturrosyid Boarding School Padang. The results of this PTK were obtained in the pre-cycle, student completeness only reached 40% because it used conventional methods (lectures). In cycle I, by applying the Total Physical Response Learning Technique, completeness reached 72% and in cycle II, learning completeness reached 91%. Thus, the implementation of Total Physical Response Learning Technique can improve students' writing skills in Interpersonal Interaction Texts in Class VII of SMP Baiturrosyid Boarding School Padang in the 2024/2025 Academic Year.
ABSTRAKSaat ini pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris merupakan mata pelajaran yang dikaji oleh setiap jenjang sekolah, termasuk kelas VII pada tingkat Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) yang salah satu materinya yaitu Teks Interaksi Interpersonal. Pada materi ini salah satu aspek yang di harapkan adalah siswa dapat meningkatkan keterampilannya dalam menulis Teks Interaksi Interpersonal. Salah satu teknik pembelajaran yang tepat dalam pembelajaran bahasa inggris adalah Teknik Pembelajaran Total Physical Response (TPR). TPR merupakan suatu metode pembelajaran bahasa yang disusun pada koordinasi perintah (command), ucapan (speech) dan gerak (action); dan berusaha untuk mengajarkan bahasa melalui aktivitas fisik (motor). Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang diimplementasikan pada kelas VII SMP Baiturrosyid Boarding School Padang. Hasil PTK ini diperoleh pada pra siklus ketuntasan siswa hanya mencapai 40% karena menggunakan metode konvensional (ceramah). Pada siklus I, dengan menerapkan Teknik Pembelajaran Total Physical Response diperoleh ketuntasan mencapai 72% dan pada siklus II ketuntasan belajar mencapai 91%. Dengan demikian implementasi Teknik Pembelajaran Total Physical Response  dapat meningkatkan ketrampilan writing skill siswa  pada Teks Interaksi Interpersonal di  Kelas VII SMP Baiturrosyid Boarding School Padang Tahun Pelajaran 2024/2025.
Diurnal variations of NO2 tropospheric vertical column density over the Seoul metropolitan area from the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS): seasonal differences and the influence of the a priori NO2 profile
Authors: Seo Seunghwan , Kim Si-Wan , Kim Kyoung-Min , Richter Andreas , Lange Kezia , Burrows John P. , Park Junsung , Hong Hyunkee , Lee Hanlim , Jeong Ukkyo , Woo Jung-Hun , Kim Jhoon
Published: January 2025

Abstract. The Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS), launched in 2020, provides both temporally and spatially continuous air quality data from geostationary Earth orbit (GEO). This study first investigates the seasonal variations and diurnal behavior of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) tropospheric vertical column densities (TropVCDs) over the Seoul metropolitan area (SMA) using GEMS data, retrieved by the IUP-UB algorithm. We find that the magnitude of the NO2 TropVCDs and their diurnal behavior have significant seasonal dependences. In January, the highest NO2 TropVCD values in the range 27.5–28.9×1015 molec.cm-2 during the four seasons were observed at 15:00 local time (LT) and NO2 TropVCD increases from the first retrieved values at 10:00 LT. On the other hand, we find the lowest values (7.4–8.8×1015 molec.cm-2) are at ∼14:00 LT in July. The VCD values in July increased up to 10:00 LT and then decreased until 14:00 LT but then began to increase again. These different diurnal behaviors of the TropVCDs in the different seasons reflect the differences in photochemical and meteorological conditions as well as the emissions of NOx. Photochemical transformations are typically more rapid in July and slower in January. The absolute values and diurnal behavior of NO2 TropVCDs are significantly influenced by the wind speed, except in July. Moderate (wind speed ≥3 m s−1) or strong wind (wind speed >5 m s−1) reduced the magnitude of the diurnal behavior in January, implying that the NO2 plumes were transported downwind. Finally, we compared the retrieved NO2 TropVCDs by using different a priori NO2 data simulated by TM5 and WRF-Chem, calculated using the most recent emission inventories. Although simulated VCDs from WRF-Chem and TM5 show differences of up to a factor 2.75, retrieved NO2 TropVCDs using each a priori data have almost identical values and diurnal behaviors, except in July. Notably, the diurnal behavior of the retrieved NO2 TropVCDs is independent of that from the two chemical transport models, indicating that observations of slant column densities are the dominant factor in determining the diurnal behavior of NO2 TropVCDs. Changes in the model horizontal resolution and volatile organic compound (VOC) emission inventory do not significantly affect the retrieved NO2 TropVCDs in this study. However, when the a priori NO2 vertical profile was fixed as the values at 13:45 LT, the diurnal patterns of NO2 TropVCDs showed significant changes, with differences of up to −18.3 %.
Critical Evaluation of Strong Ground Motions in Izmir and Implications for Future Earthquake Simulation Results
Authors: Tuna Sahin Caglar
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Izmir, a major city in western Turkey, is located in a highly seismic region, subject to frequent earthquakes due to its proximity to active fault systems. This paper critically evaluates the strong ground motions recorded in Izmir, with a focus on understanding the implications for urban infrastructure and future seismic hazard mitigation. Historically available data is collected and compared with the available ground motion prediction equations (GMPE). Later, the most appropriate prediction equation is selected and used to determine the target response spectrum. 2020 Sisam earthquake is a well-documented seismic event and the data from the stations are then used to further calibrate the 1D site response model. Lastly, possible future events are generated and results are compared with the current Turkish Earthquake Code (TEC). Amplification factors prescribed by code for İzmir Bay have been surpassed by projected future events, highlighting the necessity for reassessment. Therefore, region-specific seismic zoning should be established when standard code practices fall short in accounting for significant site effects. Concrete recommendations about local site modification factors and evaluations on this topic have been provided within the article.
NortheastChinaSoybeanYield20m: an annual soybean yield dataset at 20 m in Northeast China from 2019 to 2023
Authors: Xu Jingyuan , Du Xin , Dong Taifeng , Li Qiangzi , Zhang Yuan , Wang Hongyan , Xiao Jing , Zhang Jiashu , Shen Yunqi , Dong Yong
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Accurate monitoring of crop yield is important for ensuring food security. However, exiting yield datasets with a coarse spatial resolution are inadequate for capturing small scale spatial heterogeneity. Current yield estimation methods, such as machine learning models or the assimilation of remotely sensed biophysical variables into crop growth models, depend heavily on ground observations and involve significant computational costs. To solve these problems, a hybrid framework coupling the World Food Studies Simulation Model (WOFOST) and the Gated Recurrent Unit model (GRU) was proposed to generate a 20 m soybean yield dataset in Northeast China from 2019 to 2023 (NortheastChindaSoybeanYield20m). A soybean growth dataset was first generated based on the WOFOST that simulated various production scenarios (climates, crop varieties, soil types and agro-managements). The GRU model was then trained for characterizing relationships between model simulated LAI and soybean yield. The trained model was then applied for soybean yield estimation in Northeast China using time series LAI of different growth stages derived from Sentinel-2. The accuracy of the dataset was evaluated by in-situ measured and statistical data. The overall accuracy was 287.44 kg ha-1 and 272.36 kg ha-1 in the root mean squared error (RMSE) for field and regional scale, respectively. Stable results were achieved through the years with mean relative error (MRE) on average of 11.46 % in municipal scale and 7.94 % in provincial scale. Results demonstrated that the model was able to capture spatial-temporal variation of soybean yield. The NortheastChinaSoybeanYield20m was able to capture spatial-temporal variation of soybean yield, which can be applied for optimizing soybean production distribution and guiding agricultural decision-making. The NortheastChinaSoybeanYield20m dataset can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14263103 (Xu et al., 2024).
Assessment of a youth climate empowerment program: Climate READY
Authors: Wellman Rachel L. , Henderson Anne , Coleman Ray , Hill Christopher , Davey Bradford T.
Published: January 2025

Abstract. This article presents an in-depth assessment of a youth, climate empowerment program, called Climate READY – Climate Resilience Education and Action for Dedicated Youth. It was developed by the Florida Atlantic University Pine Jog Environmental Education Center (FAU Pine Jog) and funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Environmental Literacy Program. The program built climate literacy and community resilience through a three-semester dual-enrollment program (financed by grant no. NOAA-SEC-OED-2020-2006190). Most student participants (∼80 %) were from Title 1 high schools in low socio-economic communities vulnerable to extreme weather and environmental hazards in Palm Beach County, Florida (see definition in Appendix A). The main objectives of this program were to increase knowledge of south Florida's changing climate systems; teach and promote environmentally responsible behavior, which results in the stewardship of healthy ecosystems and a reduction in carbon consumption to mitigate future environmental risks; and empower students to act as agents of change within the community by teaching community members about local climate impacts and resilience strategies for extreme weather events. Important characteristics of the program included the following: Students ages 15 to 17 years old registered for the Climate READY Ambassador Institute (summer semester 1) built climate knowledge, explored NOAA Science on a Sphere technology, engaged with scientists and resilience experts, developed communication and advocacy skills, and learned about local resilience solutions. At the end of the course, these students were given completion certificates and the title Climate READY Ambassadors (CRAs). An after-school mentorship (fall semester 2) component paired new Climate READY Ambassadors with fourth- and fifth-grade after-school students ages 9 to 11 years old to build community resilience awareness through four structured lessons and the creation of storybooks. Lastly, community outreach (spring semester 3) provided ways for Climate READY Ambassadors to share local resilience strategies at public events and promoted civic engagement in climate solutions. Data were collected from all students in the form of pre- and post-assessment questionnaires during the 2022–2023 academic year. Summative statistics were analyzed for climate science knowledge, self-identity, self-efficacy, and sense of place. Climate READY Ambassadors felt more prepared, confident, and able to communicate within their communities about climate change, and many demonstrated a significantly better understanding of climate science concepts. After-school students showed a better understanding of climate change and were able to identify ways to help reduce the effects of climate change. Both groups of students benefitted from the Climate READY Ambassador mentorship, demonstrating learning by doing and learning by storytelling.
The effects of wind farm wakes on freezing sea spray in the mid-Atlantic offshore wind energy areas
Authors: Rosencrans David , Lundquist Julie K. , Optis Mike , Bodini Nicola
Published: January 2025

Abstract. The USA is expanding its wind energy fleet offshore where winds tend to be strong and consistent. In the mid-Atlantic, strong winds, which promote convective heat transfer and wind-generated sea spray, paired with cold temperatures can cause ice on equipment when plentiful moisture is available. Near-surface icing is induced by a moisture flux from sea spray, which poses a risk to vessels and crews. Ice accretion on turbine rotors and blades occurs from precipitation and in-cloud icing at temperatures below freezing. Ice accretion induces load and fatigue on mechanical parts, which reduces blade performance and power production. Thus, it is crucial to understand the icing hazard across the mid-Atlantic. We analyze Weather Research and Forecasting model numerical weather prediction simulations at a coarse temporal resolution over a 21-year period to assess freezing sea spray (FSS) events over the long-term record and at finer granularity over the 2019–2020 winter season to identify the post-construction turbine impacts. Over the 2019–2020 winter season, results suggest that sea-spray-induced icing can occur up to 67 h per month at 10 m at higher latitudes. Icing events during this season typically occur during cold air outbreaks (CAOs), which are the introduction of cold continental air over the warmer maritime surface. During the 2019–2020 winter season, CAOs lasted a total duration of 202 h. While not all freezing sea spray events occurred during CAOs over the 21-year period, all CAO events had FSS present. Further, we assess the turbine–atmosphere impacts of wind plant installation on icing using the fine-scale simulation dataset. Wakes from large wind plants reduce the wind speed, which mitigates the initiation of sea spray off white-capped waves. Conversely, the near-surface turbine-induced introduction of cold air in frequent wintertime unstable conditions enhances the risk for freezing. Overall, the turbine–atmosphere interaction causes a small reduction in FSS hours within the wind plant areas, with a reduction up to 15 h in January at the 10 and 20 m heights.
Development, Implementation and Initial Evaluation of the Blueprint for MBBS Theory Exams in a Private Medical College of Pakistan
Authors: Nasir Yusra , Ali Sobia , Naseer Muhammad Ahsan , Shah Sana Farooq
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study aimed to enhance the validity of the exam bank at Liaquat National Medical College (LNMC), Karachi, through the development and evaluation of the exam blueprinting process as part of an ongoing quality assurance initiative.
Study design and setting: This study was conducted at Liaquat National Medical College (LNMC), Karachi. Participants included key stakeholders i. faculty members, ii-officials from the examination department (involved in the development of the fourth-year MBBS neuroscience exam blueprint), and iii-students.
Methodology: Ethical approval for this study was taken by the LNMC Ethics Review Committee. For the ease of understanding, this article was divided into two sections: In first section, the stepwise approach of blueprint development was discussed whereas the second section dealt with feedback from 105 Year 4 MBBS students, feedback from faculty involved in this process and lastly, the experiences of examination unit personnel were explored.
Results: Following the Calgary model by Coderre et al., blueprint for undergraduate MBBS theory exam was developed. Students (85%) agreed that the exam accurately assessed the taught content. Faculty expressed satisfaction with the blueprinting process, noting improvements in exam quality, topic representation, and the elimination of redundant questions. Examination unit personnel reported better time management and improved alignment with curricular objectives. Initial challenges, such as faculty’s lack of training and resistance were also identified.
Conclusion: The blueprinting process significantly enhanced alignment of theory exam with educational objectives thereby ensuring the content validity. Continued training and institutional support are vital to overcoming initial challenges
Noise-Induced Hearing Loss and Tinnitus in the Digital Era: An Alarming Rise in the Younger Generation
Authors: Udaipurwala Iqbal Hussain
Published: January 2025

The digital era has fundamentally transformed how we interact with sound, making music, entertainment, and communication more accessible than ever before. However, with this revolution comes an escalating public health concern: noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) and tinnitus, particularly among the younger generation.
Development and Validation of the Self-Objectification Scale for Assessing Psychological Well-Being in Educational Context
Authors: Shafiq Sameera , Nasreen Shumaila , Tabasum Safoora
Published: January 2025

Presently, the youth suffer from much psychological distress due to overly emphasized outlooks and physical appearances by the media and society. This study aimed at the development and validation of the Self-Objectification Scale (SOS). The first phase involved conceptualizing the scale and generating relevant items. The interviews were conducted, transcribed, and analyzed, leading to the creation of items aligned with McKinley and Hyde's self-objectification theory. In the second phase, the scale items underwent content validity by expert evaluation. The third phase involved a try-out study. In the fourth phase, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted on a sample of 306 adolescents selected by random sampling, aged between 19 and 25 years. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted on another sample of 256 participants by random sampling. Results for EFA showed KMO yielded a value of .873 and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity was statistically significant. The CFA yielded a Normed Fit Index (NFI) of .95, a Comparative Fit Index (CFI) of .97, a Goodness Fit Index (GFI) of .97, and a Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) of .07. These results suggested that the model fully meets the conventional criteria for the good fit indices. Cronbach's alpha was found to be 0.70. The Pearson correlation for concurrent validity between the SOS and Objectified Body Consciousness Scale is 0.24, a significant positive relationship. Conclusively, to measure the phenomenon of body objectification, a reliable and valid instrument of SOS is developed for the Pakistani youth.
Change in Microstructure of Carbon Bars After Radial-Shift Broaching and Drawing
Authors:   NPJSC «Karaganda Industrial University», VOLOKITIN Andrei , LAVRINYUK Dmitry ,   NPJSC «Karaganda Industrial University»
Published: January 2025

One of the methods of obtaining gradient structure in long bars is helical rolling and
as one of its variants radial-shift rolling. The possibility of combining the processes of helical
rolling and drawing has been considered for quite a long time. Since the use of traditional
drawing as a final process after various processes is a good option, because it eliminates all
the disadvantages of pre-deformation. Therefore, this paper investigates the change in microstructure
of carbon steel bars after radial shear broaching and drawing. A gradient microstructure
was obtained as a result of the laboratory experiment. Ultra-fine grains of 0.5 μm
size were obtained on the surface of the bar, and in the center of the microstructure with an
average grain size of 7 μm.