bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VIOLÊNCIA OBSTÉTRICA NO COTIDIANO DAS MATERNIDADES: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DE LITERATURA
Authors: SENA Maria Luiza Maués de , Rodrigues Diego Pereira , ALVES Valdecyr Herdy , SILVA Silvio Éder Dias da , PARENTE Andressa Tavares , FERREIRA Elisângela da Silva , BEVILÁQUA Jannaina Campos , ALMEIDA Malena da Silva , SILVA Sabrina Vieira Ricardo da , NASCIMENTO Felipe Souza
Published: October 2022

Atualmente no Brasil, a grande parte dos partos realizados acontecem com forte processo de medicalização do nascimento, havendo interferências impróprias e iatrogênicas, ocorrendo o distanciamento da grávida da família, portanto, pouca privacidade e atitudes que eximem a sua autonomia. Os objetivos deste estudo é identificar e discutir as principais situações e condicionantes para a violência obstétrica e fatores para o enfrentamento. O método utilizado foi uma Revisão Integrativa da Literatura, a partir da pergunta norteadora: Quais os fatores, situações e condicionante para a ocorrência da violência obstétrica e conjunturas para enfrentamento? Os dados foram coletados no mês de dezembro de 2021, nas bases de dados Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, Bases de dados de Enfermagem e na biblioteca Scientific Electronic Library Online, com 52 artigos selecionados para a leitura na íntegra e, com a aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, 15 artigos foram elegíveis para compor a revisão. Emergiram 3 categorias temáticas, respectivamente: 1) Principais características da violência obstétrica, onde pode-se definir como malefícios ocasionados por profissionais de saúde no decorrer da assistência do pré-natal, parto, puerpério e abortamento; 2) A formação profissional pautada no modelo biomédico, sendo esse um dos principais empecilhos para a prática da humanização no parto e nascimento; 3) A importância da humanização do parto, que visa oferecer uma assistência agradável por parte dos profissionais de saúde, pois por intermédio desses, há o estímulo ao protagonismo do parto. Conclui-se que a violência obstétrica é um acontecimento que gera grande abalo à saúde da mulher e da criança, influenciando negativamente seus conceitos e as percepções acerca do parto, logo, deve-se incentivar as boas práticas na assistência ao parto, a fim de diminuir as intervenções desnecessárias.
A PRODUÇÃO DE CONHECIMENTO SOBRE O ABORTAMENTO: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DE LITERATURA
Authors: Rodrigues Diego Pereira , SILVA Emily Karolayne Aleixo da , ALVES Valdecyr Herdy , SILVA Silvio Éder Dias da , PARENTE Andressa Tavares , FERREIRA Elisângela da Silva , SOUZA Ana Zélia Silva Fernandes de , SILVA Clemilda Alves da , MOURA Letícia Diogo de Oliveira , CALANDRINI Tatiana Socorro dos Santos
Published: October 2022

Trata-se de um estudo sob a perspectiva do conhecimento sobre o abortamento, visto que esse se configura como um grave problema de saúde pública no Brasil e no mundo, sendo uma das maiores causas da mortalidade materna a nível global. Tem como objetivo identificar e analisar a produção do conhecimento sobre o abortamento, suas repercussões na saúde da mulher e obstáculos para a garantia dos seus direitos, como a descriminalização e a prática do abortamento seguro e legal. Estudo desenvolvido por meio do método de Revisão Integrativa da Literatura, a partir da questão norteadora, “Qual a produção do conhecimento sobre o abortamento, suas repercussões na saúde materna e os obstáculos para a garantia dos direitos femininos?”. Os dados foram coletados no mês de outubro de 2021, nas bases de dados Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, Bases de dados de Enfermagem e na biblioteca Scientific Electronic Library Online, 100 artigos selecionados para a leitura na íntegra, submetido aos critérios de elegibilidade, 17 artigos foram elegíveis para compor a revisão. Emergiram 4 categorias temáticas, respectivamente: 1) O abortamento e as barreiras de acesso aos serviços de saúde sexual e reprodutiva; demonstrando que estas lacunas ocasionam o aumento das taxas de abortamento inseguros e seus revezes; 2) O abortamento e as vulnerabilidades das mulheres; que mulheres negras e de classes econômicas desfavorecidas são as mais negligenciadas e apresentam maiores riscos para realizarem abortamentos inseguros; 3) A necessidade de reformulação das políticas de saúde sexual e reprodutiva; fomentando a mudança na legislação dos países que restringem o abortamento e reprimem o direito reprodutivo e sexual das mulheres; 4) As implicações da pandemia Covid-19 na atenção à saúde sexual e reprodutiva das mulheres; evidenciando as implicações da pandemia na a atenção à saúde sexual e reprodutiva feminina, como o aumento pela procura dos serviços voltados para o abortamento e as repercussões psicológicas agravadas com a pandemia da Covid-19.
ATENDIMENTO DE PRÉ-NATAL DURANTE A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19: REVISÃO DA LITERATURA
Authors: Travassos William Bergues De Souza , Gomes Weslle Anny Santos , Oliveira Waiza Priscila Freire , Dos Santos Selma Silva , Veloso Leidiane Soares , Soares Lucielle Pereira , Pinheiro Janete Souza , Santiago Iara Raquel C. Castro , Lima Ellayna Christiny C. de Oliveira , Pinto Elizandra Duarte
Published: October 2022

A gravidez é um período de extrema vulnerabilidade para as mulheres, caracterizado por uma série de transformações de caráter físico, psíquico e emocional. Objetiva-se no presente estudo descrever a atuação da enfermagem no atendimento de pré-natal. Tem-se como objetivos específicos abordar os aspectos gerais da gestação e explicar a ocorrência deste atendimento durante a pandemia de Covid-19. O presente estudo consistiu em uma revisão narrativa da literatura, realizada por meio de pesquisas nos meios eletrônicos SciELO, BDENF e MEDLINE. Evidenciou-se no presente estudo que a pandemia de Covid-19 afetou diversos setores de serviços incluindo a saúde pública em todo o mundo, interrompendo assim o acesso de diversas pessoas aos serviços de atenção à saúde do nível primário e secundário. A assistência ao pré-natal é uma atividade essencial de saúde desenvolvida especialmente na atenção primária, onde os profissionais de saúde atuantes nas unidades básicas realizam acompanhamento integral da gestante em seu pré-natal. A partir do estudo, fomenta-se a realização de novos estudos acerca desta temática uma melhor compreensão acerca do tema de como ocorre o acompanhamento do pré-natal durante o período da pandemia com ênfase na atenção básica.
An Unusual middle ear foreign body in a welder; our experience
Authors: Sabih Nadeem Qamar  , Vandana Eswarappa  , Arunachalam Iyer Sabih Nadeem Qamar  , Vandana Eswarappa  , Arunachalam Iyer
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Welding accidents commonly present as burns, electrocution, skin injuries and penetrating foreign body in the eyes, face and neck. Ears are usually uninvolved, but the possibility of foreign bodies in the external ear canal or even in the middle ear should always be considered in non-resolving ear infections in welders.

Case Presentation: A thirty-year old welder presented with ear discomfort and swollen ear canal and initially diagnosed and managed as otitis externa. But since it failed to resolve, he was extensively investigated and a metallic foreign body was identified in the middle ear, which was removed via endoscopic tympanotomy.

Conclusion: This case highlights the fact that small sharp foreign bodies can penetrate through the tympanic membrane and leave an almost invisible perforation which heals completely. But in suspicious or symptomatic cases further investigations such as an X-ray or Computed Tomography [CT] scan might be needed to confirm diagnosis.
Welcome Note
Authors: Faisal Masud Faisal Masud
Published: October 2022

Good information is the best medicine.” – Dr. Michael E. DeBakey

With this quote in mind from a giant leader in medicine, I welcome all the readers to the inaugural edition of International JRMC. In today’s world of healthcare where there is an overload of information some good, some poor, and some false it is very encouraging that RMU has taken the bold step of launching JRMC International.
 This is unique in nature for Pakistan as it is primarily focused on bridging the divide between good scientific research being done in Pakistan and that from outside of Pakistan. With contributions from local, national, and international researchers, doctors, and scientists, whether local projects or international this journal hopes to elevate the scholarly activity of learners in Pakistan.
 Globalization of the world has brought new opportunities and new challenges. On the one hand, access to information and the opportunities to publish and collaborate have expanded. Still, on the other hand, clinicians have been forced to stay abreast with up-to-date information in their respective fields. Fast-changing paradigms of each sub-specialty of Medicine, the ever-increasing role of Artificial-Intelligence (AI), the importance of data mining, and complex misinformation (infodemic) call for a further refined approach to curriculum. Scholarly journals anchored and supported by esteemed and prestigious institutions like RMU play a vital role in this regard. Pakistan is lucky to have a glorious reputation for its medical colleges and physicians, many of whom are now at leading positions at international institutions. Bringing global experience to embed it in unique epidemiologic data and research outcomes of a country like Pakistan will go a long way in nurturing future scientists.
 In this issue, you will hear about a variety of topics and varied authors from different parts of the world.

I encourage you to submit your original research so that this journal becomes a reference for a bigger audience.
Improving Medical Students’ Learning Experience of Pathology by Online Practical Sessions through Virtual Microscopy
Authors: Ahmed Safina , Habib Maryam , Naveed Hania , Mudassir Ghazala , Bhatti Mahwish Majid , Ahmad Rifat Nadeem
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT:

Objective: To assess the impact of interactive virtual pathology slides on students’ understanding of pathological disease processes.

Materials & Methods: The study was conducted at Shifa College of medicine, Islamabad. Class of 3rd year MBBS, comprising of 111 students, was divided into two groups during two teaching modules. All students received online lectures prior to practical sessions. In the first module, one group was taught virtual slides through online interactive sessions, whereas the second group was taught same set of slides, using light microscopy and glass slides. Both groups were assessed at the end of the module by online test and their scores were compared. Similar exercise was repeated in the second module in which the control group became the test group to remove the selection bias. Questionnaire feedback was taken from students to get their perceptions. The results were compared by applying t-test and p-value was calculated.

Results: The mean score of test group (group-1) in first module was 14.90 whereas mean score of control group (group-2) was 10.99. The t test was applied, and p-value calculated was significant (p=0.04). In the second module the groups were flipped. The mean score of test group (group-2) was 14.29 whereas control group (group-1) was 10.09. The p value was calculated which was again significant (p=0.04). The students gave their feedback through questionnaire.

Conclusion: Overall, we believe that the use of virtual microscopy significantly improves student’s understanding of pathological lesions.

Keywords: Education, medical, pathology, undergraduate, virtual microscopy.
Non-Operative Management of Acute Uncomplicated Appendicitis in Children
Authors: Napar Nabibux , Shaikh Noor Ahmed , Baloch Imamuddin , Shah Azhar Ali , Mahtam Ishrat , Memon Inayatullah
Published: October 2022

Objective: To compare the efficacy of non-surgical conservative management with surgical management in cases of uncomplicated acute appendicitis in children.

Study design: Prospective comparative study.

Settings: Pediatric surgery Department, Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College Sukkur.

Study duration: 1st February 2020 to 31st May 2021.

Materials and Methods: Ninety patients of either gender with age range from 5-12 years, diagnosed as uncomplicated acute appendicitis, were divided in two groups. Group C patients were managed conservatively with antibiotics (ceftriaxone 100 mg/kg/day, amikacin 10mg/kg/day and metronidazole 22.5 mg/kg/day) and maintenance fluids were started. Patients were observed for improvement or any signs of deterioration. Those who deteriorated within 24 hours were managed with surgical management immediately. Follow-ups were carried out after discharge on the 7th day, 1 month, and six months. Patients reporting a recurrence of symptoms were managed with appendicectomy. Group S patients were managed with appendicectomy with the open technique. Patients were observed for post-operative complications.

Results: Demographic data of both groups was comparable. In group C, 34 (75.56%) patients were successfully treated with conservative management, whereas in group S, 39 (86.67%) were successfully treated with surgical management. The difference was insignificant with a p-value of 0.114. In group C, 5 (11.11%) patients did not respond to conservative management and they were managed with appendicectomy and recurrence of symptoms was seen in 6 (13.33%) patients in group C, they were also managed with appendicectomy. In group S, 6 (13.33%) patients suffered post-operative complications. Mean length of stay in hospital was 4.31±1.20 and 4.09±1.12 days in group C and S respectively. This difference was statistically insignificant with a p-value of 0.368.

Conclusion: It is concluded in our study that uncomplicated acute appendicitis in children can be successfully managed with non-surgical conservative management.
The Effect of Transformational Leadership on Organizational Commitment Mediated by Job Satisfaction of Employees of PT PLN (Persero) Lampung Distribution Main Unit
Authors: SIMATUPANG Refa James
Published: October 2022

The problem in this study is that employees at PT PLN (Persero) Lampung Main Unit have low organizational commitment. Other issues include the workplace atmosphere, the presence of leadership in the Distribution Parent Unit of PT PLN (Persero) Lampung, the presence of employees at work, and the transformational leadership that has been operating at the Distribution Parent Unit of PT PLN (Persero) Lampung but has not been implemented effectively. Job satisfaction of workers at PT PLN (Persero) Lampung Distribution Main Unit is used as a proxy for an organizational commitment that has an impact on transformational leadership. As many as 22 employees of PT PLN (Persero) Lampung Distribution Main Unit became the research population. The Lampung Main Distribution Unit, PT PLN (Persero) Lampung, provided a sample of 69 employees for this study, which was conducted using a quantitative methodology. Based on the analysis results, transformational leadership has a positive and substantial effect on organizational commitment, has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, and has an effect on organizational commitment mediated by job satisfaction.
Linear and Nonlinear Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability and Magnetohydrodynamic Wave Emission in Sheared Astrophysical Plasma Flows
Authors: Turkakin Hava , Mann Ian R. , Rankin Robert
Published: October 2022

The evolution of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (KHI) and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) wave emission is investigated at shear-flow boundaries of magnetized plasmas. While MHD wave emission has been suggested to be only possible during the nonlinear stages, we find that there is also significant wave emission during the KHI’s linear stages. These emitted MHD waves may have stronger impacts than KHI surface waves since they can act to transport energy away from the local region of the shear flow. The removal of energy from the shear-flow region, instead of just the local redistribution considered in previous studies, and its propagation away from the interface could have major implications for the evolution of astrophysical objects characterized by fast plasma flow shears.
Red Supergiant Stars in IC 1613 and Metallicity-dependent Mixing Length in the Evolutionary Model
Authors: Chun Sang-Hyun , Yoon Sung-Chul , Oh Heeyoung , Park Byeong-Gon , Hwang Narae
Published: October 2022

We report a spectroscopic study on red supergiant stars (RSGs) in the irregular dwarf galaxy IC 1613 in the Local Group. We derive the effective temperatures (T
eff) and metallicities of 14 RSGs by synthetic spectral fitting to the spectra observed with the MMIRS instrument on the MMT telescope for a wavelength range from 1.16 to 1.23 μm. A weak bimodal distribution of the RSG metallicity centered on [Fe/H] = −0.65 is found, which is slightly lower than or comparable to that of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). There is no evidence for spatial segregation between the metal-rich ([Fe/H] > −0.65) and -poor ([Fe/H] < −0.65) RSGs throughout the galaxy. The mean effective temperature of our RSG sample in IC 1613 is higher by about 250 K than that of the SMC. However, no correlation between T
eff and metallicity within our RSG sample is found. We calibrate the convective mixing length (α
MLT) by comparing stellar evolutionary tracks with the RSG positions on the H-R diagram, finding that models with α
MLT = 2.2–2.4H

P
can best reproduce the effective temperatures of the RSGs in IC 1613 for both Schwarzschild and Ledoux convection criteria. This result supports our previous finding that a metallicity-dependent mixing length is needed to explain the RSG temperatures observed in the Local Group, but we find that this dependence becomes relatively weak for RSGs having a metallicity equal to or less than the SMC metallicity.
Disks of Stars in the Galactic Center Triggered by Tidal Disruption Events
Authors: Perna Rosalba , Grishin Evgeni
Published: October 2022

In addition to a supermassive black hole (SMBH), the central parsec of the Milky Way hosts over 100 massive, high-velocity young stars whose existence, and organization of a subset of them in one, or possibly two, misaligned disks, is puzzling. Due to a combination of low medium density and strong tidal forces in the vicinity of Sgr A*, stars are not expected to form. Here we propose a novel scenario for their in situ formation: a jetted tidal disruption event (TDE) from an older wandering star triggers an episode of positive feedback of star formation in the plane perpendicular to the jet, as demonstrated via numerical simulations in the context of jet-induced feedback in galactic outflows. An overpressured cocoon surrounding the jet shock-compresses clumps to densities high enough to resist the SMBH tidal field. The TDE rate of 10−5–10−4 yr−1 per galaxy, out of which a few percent of events are jetted, implies a jetted TDE event per galaxy to occur every few million years. This timescale is interestingly of the same order of the age of the disk stars. The mass function predicted by our mechanism is top heavy. Additionally, since TDEs are isotropic, our model predicts a random orientation for the disk of stars with respect to the plane of the galaxy and, due to the relatively high TDE rate, can account for multiple disks of stars with uncorrelated orientations.
Fitting Rotational Frequency of Polytropes as a Function of their Oblateness
Authors: Yoshida Shin’ichirou
Published: October 2022

Giving a simple functional relationship between the rotational frequency and the centrifugal deformation for compressible stellar models is useful both in observational and theoretical astrophysics. Here I present simple Padé approximants for the rotational frequency of polytropic stars (index N = 1, 1.5, 3) as a function of the oblateness, which are valid at the order of


[

10

−
2

]

percent for the speed of rotation up to the mass-shedding limit.
Host-specific demography of Utetes anastrephae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), a native parasitoid of Anastrepha spp. fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae)
Authors: Estrada-Marroquín María Dina , Cancino Jorge , Sánchez Daniel , Montoya Pablo , Liedo Pablo
Published: October 2022

The braconidUtetes anastrephae(Viereck, 1913) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a larva-pupal parasitoid of fruit flies of the genusAnastrephaSchiner, commonly associated withAnastrepha obliqua(Macquart, 1835) (Diptera: Tephritidae), the most important pest of mango (Mangifera indicaL., 1753) in Mexico. This parasitoid was established in a laboratory colony using larvae ofAnastrepha ludens(Loew, 1873) as host. Here we describe a demographic study to compare the reproductive and population parameters of this parasitoid reared onA. obliquaandA. ludensunder laboratory conditions. TwoU. anastrephaecohorts of 30 individual pairs each were set up, one was reared onA. obliqualarvae and the other one onA. ludens. Every day, 30 third instar larvae of each host species were exposed to an adult pair through the lifespan of the female. Daily mortality and fecundity were recorded. Life tables were constructed and sex ratios, parasitism rates, survival, reproductive and population parameters were estimated. Higher survival ofU. anastrephaefemales was observed in females fromA. obliqua(mean live expectancy of 22.4 days), but higher fecundity and parasitism occurred in females fromA. ludens(net fecundity of 62.61 daughters/ female and 16.72% parasitism rate). The intrinsic rate of increase (r= 0.128 andr= 0.134 forA. obliquaandA. ludensrespectively), mean generation time (27.88 and 28.30 days) and population doubling time (5.42 and 5.16 days) were similar in both cohorts, as well as the sex ratio (73 and 69% of females). These results suggest thatA. ludensas host increase the production rates; however, any one of these two species could be used as host for mass rearing purposes.
Cecinothofagus Nieves-Aldrey & Liljeblad (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) is likely an endoparasitoid of the gall-maker genus Aditrochus Rübsaamen (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae)
Authors: Rasplus Jean-Yves , Nieves-Aldrey José-Luis , Cruaud Astrid
Published: October 2022

Paraulax Kieffer and Cecinothofagus Nieves-Aldrey & Liljeblad (Cynipidae: Paraulacini) were long supposed to be gall-makers on southern beeches (Nothofagus, Nothofagaceae). Dissections of galls on Nothofagus Blume, suggested that Cecinothofagus could be instead either endoparasitoid or inquiline of Aditrochus larva (Chalcidoidea). We sequenced the universal COI barcode and Ultra-Conserved Elements (UCEs) from young larvae of Aditrochus collected from galls on Nothofagus and highlighted that one of them also contained DNA from Cecinothofagus ibarrai Nieves-Aldrey & Liljeblad. So far, when galls attributed to Aditrochus were dissected in early development stages they all contained only a single larva and no remains of other larvae. Conversely, when Cecinothofagus ibarrai was reared from galls on Nothofagus, remains of the host larva were observed inside the larval chamber. Altogether, biological observations and molecular results suggest that Cecinothofagus ibarrai is likely an endoparasitoid of Adritrochus. This result confirms the tribe Paraulacini as being entomophagous and supports the hypothesis of an ancestral parasitoid lifestyle for Cynipoidea.
Nesting of the keyhole wasp Pachodynerus nasidens (Latreille, 1812) (Vespidae, Eumeninae) in a nest of a paper wasp (Vespidae, Polistinae)
Authors: Jacques Gabriel de Castro , Donizet Ferreira Wellington , Aparecida Moura Paola , Teofilo-Guedes Gabriel , Magalhães de Souza Marcos
Published: October 2022

Potter wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae) adopt different substrates for nesting, including other wasp nests. Nevertheless, such behavior rarely occurs with abandoned nests of the paper wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae). In this study, we report the occurrence involving the nesting of a potter wasp on a paper wasp’s nest. Such a record occurred in November 2021 in a segment of a deciduous forest, at Mata Seca State Park, Southeast Brazil. An abandoned Polistinae nest was found, with 14 cells sealed with mud, from which four male Pachodynerus nasidens individuals emerged. This record of P. nasidens reusing a Polistinae’s nest increases our knowledge of Eumeninae nesting strategies and on possible associations between different groups of vespid wasps.
Panser la santé mondiale
Authors: Velásquez Germán , Syam Nirmalya
Published: October 2022

La crise du covid a démontré la fragilité des mécanismes dont dispose l’Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) pour se préparer et réagir aux pandémies. Pour y remédier, un appel en faveur d’un nouveau traité international a été lancé. À quelles conditions politiques et institutionnelles, la défense de l’intérêt général et de l’équité Nord-Sud pourra-t-elle l’emporter sur les avantages de l’industrie sanitaire et des pays riches ?
Panser la santé mondiale
Authors: Gencianos Geneviève , Bidelot Charline
Published: October 2022

Si l’épidémie de covid a démontré la nécessité de mettre en place une couverture sanitaire universelle, elle a aussi révélé les disparités entre pays d’immigration et d’émigration, les premiers bénéficiant d’une main-d’œuvre migrante bon marché, les seconds se voyant privés de ce personnel qualifié. Des normes internationales qui garantissent la santé pour tous et toutes, et les mêmes droits pour le personnel des soins s’imposent plus que jamais.
Panser la santé mondiale
Authors: Martich Evangelina , Bidelot Charline , Thomas Frédéric
Published: October 2022

Les inégalités relatives à la santé constituent un problème structurel en Amérique latine. Cela se traduit par un accès différencié aux services et aux ressources, en fonction des déterminants sociaux et de la configuration institutionnelle des politiques. La pandémie du coronavirus n’a fait qu’accentuer et exposer le pire visage de ce phénomène qui caractérise depuis longtemps la région.
Introducing the special issue ‘Application of insect ingredients in sustainable aquaculture’
Authors: Gasco L. , Lock E.-J. , Ji H.
Published: October 2022

The use of insects in aquafeed is a topic of great interest. IPIFF forecasts indicate that by 2030 40% of insect meal production will be used in aquaculture (IPIFF, 2021). The Journal of Insects as Food and Feed published a call for papers for an open-access special issue to share a deeper understanding of beneficial aspects of the use of insects. Published papers touched on aspects of insect nutrient digestibility, analytical methodologies, fish performances and health, consumer acceptance and socio-economic aspects.
An Educational Arabic Sign Language Mobile Application for Children with Hearing Impairment
Authors: Mohammad Heba , Tamimi Hatem , Abu-Amara Fadi
Published: October 2022

This research addresses the need for a mobile application to teach Arabic sign language to deaf children in the Arab world. Therefore, the team develops an educational android application to teach deaf children the Arabic sign language using gamification. Also, the research aims to investigate the impact of using a mobile application for Arabic sign language on children’s learning performance. To achieve its goals, the research entails two main stages. The first stage focuses on building the mobile application based on the literature review and searching the Google and Apple stores for similar applications. In the second stage, an experiment is conducted on 10 deaf children—the experimental group adopted the mobile application for the learning process, whereas the control group followed the traditional learning approach. A pre-test and post-test were conducted, and the results show that children who used the game-based mobile application performed better in their quiz.
Mobile Application Development for Management of Information System of Agro-Tourism Activities and Attractions with YII Framework
Authors: Buangam Pornsin , Sriyom Utumporn , Kanjanaklod Waraporn , Atitang Pattanun , Janwichian Kunwadee , Sutthirak Teachita
Published: October 2022

Noppitam district, Nakhon Si Thammarat is known as one of Thailand’s rich natural sources which features a range of agro-tourist attractions. However, there is no dependable information system for management of tourism and routing guidance available in such district. The locals mostly resort to their own social media platforms in attempt to publicize local attractions, which unfortunately causes disorderliness to the information. Upon arrival at the Noppitam district, Nakhon Si Thammarat, tourists therefore have to search for information of each tourist attraction separately. Regarding this, it is essential to develop the management information system for agro-tourism activities and attractions with the YII framework, and implement the MySQL to devise the database. This can help with management of information for tourism, restaurants, and residences available around the district. Moreover, it can serve as the central system which provides tourists with information regarding tourist attractions open in the Noppitam district as well as guides them to the destinations, restaurants, and residences nearby, with accurate multilayered data on Google Maps API. The system also enables tourists to give feedback, either via their iOS or Android devices. Thanks to the participative data management, owners of attractions, restaurants, and residences can manually update information to keep it all up to date.
Frameworks for Pedagogy, Methodologies, and Technologies in Distance Learning Processes
Authors: Moussaoui Mohamed , Rachid Ali
Published: October 2022

Distance learning is one of the promising areas of ICT technologies that can offer unprecedented opportunities for education more efficaciously than any other manner, delivering other opportunities to enhance skills, knowledge, qualifications of students, and assuring self-education. How can we form these digital learning environments so they're founded on particular epistemologies or knowledge bases? What is an essential pedagogical framework for web-based teaching and learning? This chapter mainly presents the challenges of distance learning caused by the obstacles of distance learning's integration. It provides readers with an overview of learning theories relevant to the epistemological and pedagogical aspects down to their specific application to distance learning. The current state of the art for distance learning models based on pedagogical objectives will be presented. Finally, this chapter tackles some of most widely-used instructional design models, defines their principles, and offers a series of recommendations to enhance creative thought processes.
The Barriers Ethnically Diverse Girls Face in STEAM
Authors: Glimps-Smith Kia
Published: October 2022

The increase of STEM- and STEAM-related jobs and the power associated with STEAM industries creates an equity issue. This qualitative study explores the underrepresentation of ethnically diverse females in science, technology, engineering, art, and math professions through a STEAM (science, technology, engineering, art, and math) for girls aged 7-18. Throughout this study, the words STEM and STEAM will be used synonymously. The researcher will seek to explore how using gender-specific role models to mentor females of this age group will increase the numbers of young women of color graduating with STEAM degrees and entering those professions. This qualitative study is based on a meta-ethnographic analysis of dissertations and peer-reviewed literature related to barriers ethnically diverse girls perceive they encounter in pursuing STEAM careers. The approach was through the lens of critical race theory, empowerment theory, and feminist theory.
Use of Online Technologies, Open Hardware, and Open-Software for Advanced Architecture Design
Authors: Domínguez-Amarillo Samuel , Fernandez-Agüera Jesica , Campano Miguel Ángel , Sánchez-Muñoz María
Published: October 2022

The teaching of current technical disciplines poses a substantive change since the student moves from an activity focused on the acquisition of information to an acquisition of skills of various kinds. This learning requires that teaching objectives be set in terms of ability, in professional and existential situations, which are likely to manifest in real life. The project presented aims to develop coordination between three subjects in order to develop an educational experience through the execution of a real case. In the case presented, students will be able to immerse themselves in the complete process of providing intelligence to buildings through the use of low-cost and accessible micro-technologies for capturing information and transmitting data, using cloud databases and data exchange. With this project, it is proposed to implement new teaching methodologies that promote learning based on the acquisition of skills and cooperative work among students.
The Importance of Play for Parents of Hospitalized Children
Authors: Brembilla Mauro , Ozturk Yagmur , Del Bianco Teresa
Published: October 2022

Parenting is the practice of caring and nurturing of offspring from birth to financial independence and entails taking care of offspring throughout developmental stages that are highly differentiated in terms of needs and skills: infancy, toddlerhood, childhood, and adolescence. Throughout all these stages of development, parents and children face challenges equally. Parental stress can impact both individuals and family relationships. For instance, the hospitalisation can be stressful for both children and their parents who may experience anxiety and depression. Play may help parents handle these challenges. This chapter focuses on parenting, parental stress, and the importance of play for children and parents, with specific attention to the hospital context.
Introduction to XAI and Clinical Decision Support
Authors: Connolly Thomas M. , Soflano Mario , Papadopoulos Petros
Published: October 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) offer significant opportunities in healthcare for innovation with its ability to solve cognitive problems normally requiring human intelligence. However, the potential of ML in healthcare has not been realised to date, with limited existing reports of the clinical and cost benefits that have arisen from their real-world in clinical practice. This is due to the lack of understanding about how some ML models operate and ultimately the way they come to make decisions. Explainable AI (XAI) has emerged as a response to this problem investigating methods and techniques that provide insights into the outcome of an ML model and present it in qualitative understandable terms or visualisations to the stakeholders of the model. This chapter introduces XAI and provides some examples of its use within healthcare.
Automatic Heart Disease Diagnosis Based on MRI Image Using Deep Neural Network
Authors: Pradhan Manaswini , Bhuiyan Alauddin
Published: October 2022

In this chapter, the authors propose an adaptive bacterial foraging optimization (ABFO) algorithm for selection of features to increase the classification accuracy of heart disease diagnosis. In this approach, noises contained in the cardiac image are removed using median filter initially. Then, GLCM features are extracted from the cardiac image. Among the extracted features, optimal features are chosen using the ABFO algorithm. These selected features are then input to the classifier, which is a support vector neural network (RBNN). The classifier classifies the image into normal and abnormal. Simulation results show that the ABFO-based RBNN performs better than the conventional RBNN, ANN, KNN, and SVM in terms of accuracy.
Two Enhancement Levels for Male Fertility Rate Categorization Using Whale Optimization and Pegasos Algorithms
Authors: Desuky Abeer S.
Published: October 2022

Recently, diseases and health problems that were common only in the elderly became common also among the youth. Some of these medical problems causes include behavioral, environmental, and lifestyle factors. The decrease in fertility rates especially among the male population is one of those problems. Now, machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms are emerging methodologies as computer-aided decision systems in medical diagnosis and health problems. In this chapter, the incorporation of the bio-inspired whale optimization algorithm (WOA) and Pegasos algorithm are used to enhance the male fertility rate categorization in two levels. Results show that implementing WOA as the second level of enhancement gives better accuracy than the first level of enhancement in Pegasos algorithm with a prediction accuracy value of 90%. Using two machine learning algorithms to categorize the male fertility rate helped in the overall improvement of the proposed system performance to give results that exceeded all recent research results for fertility data.
Adoption
Authors: Howe Catherine J. , Weber Laura F.
Published: October 2022

A Certified Child Life Specialist (CCLS) has the knowledge, skills, and clinical training that is essential to work in the field of infant adoption. Child Life Specialists working as infant adoption specialists promote emotional support, education, and coping for the biological parent(s) and families who want to adopt a child. Using the competencies to ground the work, Child Life Specialists focus on the therapeutic relationship, attachment, and bonding while also understanding grief and loss experienced by the biological parent(s). This chapter also examines how socioeconomics, varying cultures, ethnicities, and trauma histories can affect the adoption process.
The Importance of Cybersecurity for Organizations
Authors: Chen Edward T.
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this chapter is to understand the severity of cyberattacks and identify the importance of using cybersecurity to protect organizations from future threats. This chapter will discuss the types of attacks that can occur along with the types of security measures that can be implemented to ensure information remains protected for individuals or organizations. Information regarding cyberattacks in certain businesses, healthcare organizations, and social media will also be discussed to assess and identify the different types of cyber threats. Information from previous research studies and past data will be evaluated to identify the types of cybersecurity that can help different organizations as well as identify and prevent any future threats they could potentially encounter. Further examination of previous and future cyberattacks will also be discussed to understand how those threats occurred, where they come from, and how security can be used to combat them.
Security Issues and Solutions for Resource-Constrained IoT Applications Using Lightweight Cryptography
Authors: Pal Kamalendu
Published: October 2022

The internet of things (IoT) is ushering in a new dawn of technological innovations in recent decades for commercial applications. The technological innovation commercial applications manifested in two forms: (1) firstly, development of industrial products and services (e.g., procurement, manufacturing, transportation, and customer service) and, secondly, digitization of business activities. In this way, regular business operation-related data collection, preservation, and analysis using digital technologies (e.g., IoT) are shaping strategic value for companies. For example, the data exchange within and among affiliated devices company works is growing, and such systems' ubiquitous nature brings them into possession of business-sensitive data and information. Hence, industries are placing immense importance on the management of security and privacy of these data to maintain smooth business continuity. Moreover, IoT-based enterprise information systems often use cryptography to maintain data security.
Humanizing the Online Classroom
Authors: Ebben Maureen , Arcand Carolyn , Tupper Judith , Schott Glorianne
Published: October 2022

The global calamity of the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the shift from face-to-face learning to online learning ushering in pedagogical experimentation and innovation. This chapter advocates for the importance of a humanizing approach to the online classroom. Humanizing is conceptualized as a pedagogical orientation and practice in which person-to-person connections and the relational qualities of teaching and learning are intentionally prioritized. Four areas are discussed: 1) the adoption of new practices for the creation of authentic learning experiences, 2) the development of humanizing approaches for the assessment of student learning, 3) the recognition of student mental wellness as a humanizing practice, and 4) the leverage of educational frameworks to build connection. The aim is to expand the conversation regarding the opportunities and challenges for humanizing online learning.
Community Awareness and Leadership Among Singapore Youths Amidst a COVID-19 Landscape
Authors: Mokhtar Intan Azura , Ibrahim Yaacob
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed how businesses operate, how people work, and the way people socialize and interact. The changes that needed to be made were significant and did not happen easily. However, the COVID-19 pandemic also presented opportunities for creativity to flourish, innovations to happen, and kindness and magnanimity to be extended to one another. In Singapore, an island-nation city-state, significant changes had to be implemented to ring-fence the spread of infections and ensure the local economy and healthcare system could cope with the impact of the pandemic. At the forefront of some of these changes were the youths. Young people with creative ideas, boundless energy, and a strong sense of social cause and fairness led initiatives that had significant and positive impact on those most vulnerable. In this chapter, the backdrop of the evolution of a values-based education system in Singapore and its impact on the younger generation of Singaporeans is discussed followed by examples of youth-led initiatives in Singapore amidst a COVID-19 landscape.
Navigating Inequitable (Mis)Treatment and Racist Harassment in Higher Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hai-Jew Shalin
Published: October 2022

The SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic (late 2019 to the present) brought to the fore latent and externalized forms of racism and bias and xenophobia. The author experienced a range of inequitable mistreatment and racist harassment in her workplace in higher education during this time, including from her direct supervisor who engaged in a racist microassault along with excess work assignments (the work of several individuals or multiple FTEs) during multiple years of the pandemic. This work uses a self-decentered auto-ethnography to explore practical ways to address racism and discrimination in the workplace, through clear documentation, honest in-lane reportage, and other efforts up an escalatory ladder. This work highlights the challenges of working towards a solution in a bureaucracy with a mix of apparently conflicting objectives and foremost to protect the institution against lawsuits and negative publicity.
From Routine Mode to Emergency Mode and Back
Authors: Meishar-Tal Hagit
Published: October 2022

This chapter analyses Israeli higher education institutions' transitions from campus learning to online learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic and critically discusses the transition back to routine campus-based learning. The chapter reviews the state of online teaching in pre-COVID-19 academia, the changes required during lockdowns and social distancing restrictions, and the essential difference between routine and emergency online teaching. It also discusses the consequences of returning to campus-based learning and ways to leverage the changes that took place during the COVID-19 period and adapt them to routine mode again.
Barriers to family-centred care of hospitalised children at a hospital in Gauteng
Authors: Malepe Tsholofelo C. , Havenga Yolanda , Mabusela Paulina D.
Published: October 2022

Background: Hospitalisation is a stressful event for the admitted child and the family. The unfamiliar and stressful hospital environment could increase children’s anxiety and pain experiences. Family-centred care has the potential to promote families’ holistic health, but its implementation is limited.Aim: To describe the barriers to family-centred care at a specific hospital in Gauteng.Setting: The study was contextual and was conducted at a specific hospital situated in Gauteng.Methods: A descriptive qualitative research design was used to collect data from 11 nurses and 14 primary caregivers of hospitalised children. Purposive sampling was used. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analysed using qualitative content analysis. Rigour through measures to enhance trustworthiness was ensured and ethical principles related to research with human participants were adhered to.Results: Three themes indicating the barriers to family-centred care emerged from the data, namely nurse-primary caregiver relationship, primary caregiver involvement, and ward structure and policy.Conclusion: Barriers to family-centred care involved interpersonal, environmental, and managerial dimensions of the hospital environment where children received care and treatment. A need to enhance family-centred care was therefore identified in order to address relational dimensions of the nurse-primary caregiver relationship, ward structure, and revision of current policies.Contribution: The article highlights barriers to family-centred care to enable action to be taken in the clinical environment to enhance a family-centred approach and improve the hospitalisation experience for children and caregivers.
Long-term experience with debulking surgery in extensive hepatic alveolar echinococcosis
Authors: Aliakbarian Mohsen , Di Martino Marcello , Saeidi Sara
Published: October 2022

Objective:

To assess the role of debulking surgery in extensive hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE).

Methods:

Five cases of extensive HAE undergoing debulking surgery with their long-term follow-ups were reported. Additionally, a systematic review was carried out.

Results:

The average age of patients in the study was (50.8±17.1) years (range 36 to 77 years). Three cases were female. The median follow-up period was 61 months (range 12 to 84 months). Left liver resections were performed in 2 cases and right hemihepatectomies were undertaken in 2 cases. Two patients (cases 2 and 4) developed early surgical complications, while one of them (case 4) who suffered from the recurrent sub-hepatic abscess died at 12 months postoperatively.

Conclusions:

This study highlights the importance of debulking surgery for the management of complex symptomatic HAE lesions in patients with no curative option available.
Primary Esophageal Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma in a Child
Authors: Naimi Azar , Riahinezhad Maryam
Published: October 2022

Primary gastrointestinal small cell carcinoma is reported 0.1%–1.0% of malignant gastrointestinal tumors and predominantly in the esophagus. All reported cases are in the adult population. We present a 9-year-old boy with small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the esophagus with mediastinal lymph node involvement, whose chief complaint was progressive dysphagia. He survived for 22 months with chemoradiation but did not have resectional surgery. Although small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the esophagus is extremely rare in children, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any undifferentiated tumor of the esophagus in any age.