bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The neurological decline and psychological factors caused by coronavirus disease 2019 may be predictors of erectile dysfunction
Authors: Ma Yukuai , Zhu Tianle , Yang Peng , Gao Rui , Shen Lanhui , Gao Pan , Gao Jingjing , Liu Xi , Jiang Hui , Zhang Xiansheng
Published: March 2024

Background

Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019, it has had a serious impact on people's physical and mental health. However, in our clinical work, we have found that the erectile function of coronavirus disease 2019 patients with neurological decline was often seriously affected.

Objectives

To further explore the relationship between erectile dysfunction and neurological dysfunction caused by coronavirus disease 2019.

Materials and methods

We conducted a survey from August 2022 to February 2023 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and the Third People's Hospital of Linyi City. A total of 251 subjects with a history of coronavirus disease 2019 infection were included. Symptoms and changes in erectile function after the coronavirus disease 2019 infection were collected and assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function‐5 scale and several targeted questions.

Results

In this study, we found that in patients infected with novel coronavirus, the proportion of erectile dysfunction was higher in those with neurological manifestations such as olfactory and taste impairment or psychological symptoms such as anxiety.

Discussion:

We found that neurological decline and psychological factors were independent and significant risk factors for erectile dysfunction caused by coronavirus disease 2019.

Conclusion:

Patients with neurological damage or psychiatric symptoms are more likely to have erectile dysfunction, suggesting that the 2019 novel coronavirus may affect erectile function by damaging nerves. This provides a new insight into the mechanism of erectile dysfunction
Impairment of the adrenergic reserve associated with exercise intolerance in a murine model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Semmler Lukas , Jeising Tobias , Huettemeister Judith , Bathe‐Peters Marc , Georgoula Konstantina , Roshanbin Rashin , Sander Paulina , Fu Shu , Bode David , Hohendanner Felix , Pieske Burkert , Annibale Paolo , Schiattarella Gabriele G. , Oeing Christian U. , Heinzel Frank R.
Published: March 2024

Aim

Exercise intolerance is the central symptom in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. In the present study, we investigated the adrenergic reserve both in vivo and in cardiomyocytes of a murine cardiometabolic HFpEF model.

Methods

12‐week‐old male C57BL/6J mice were fed regular chow (control) or a high‐fat diet and L‐NAME (HFpEF) for 15 weeks. At 27 weeks, we performed (stress) echocardiography and exercise testing and measured the adrenergic reserve and its modulation by nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in left ventricular cardiomyocytes.

Results

HFpEF mice (preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, increased E/e', pulmonary congestion [wet lung weight/TL]) exhibited reduced exercise capacity and a reduction of stroke volume and cardiac output with adrenergic stress. In ventricular cardiomyocytes isolated from HFpEF mice, sarcomere shortening had a higher amplitude and faster relaxation compared to control animals. Increased shortening was caused by a shift of myofilament calcium sensitivity. With addition of isoproterenol, there were no differences in sarcomere function between HFpEF and control mice. This resulted in a reduced inotropic and lusitropic reserve in HFpEF cardiomyocytes. Preincubation with inhibitors of nitric oxide synthases or glutathione partially restored the adrenergic reserve in cardiomyocytes in HFpEF.

Conclusion

In this murine HFpEF model, the cardiac output reserve on adrenergic stimulation is impaired. In ventricular cardiomyocytes, we found a congruent loss of the adrenergic inotropic and lusitropic reserve. This was caused by increased contractility and faster relaxation at rest, partially mediated by nitro‐oxidative signaling.
Systematic review: Defining, diagnosing and monitoring small bowel strictures in Crohn's disease on intestinal ultrasound
Authors: Lu Cathy , Rosentreter Ryan , Delisle Maxime , White Mattie , Parker Claire E. , Premji Zahra , Wilson Stephanie R. , Baker Mark E. , Bhatnagar Gauraang , Begun Jakob , Bruining David H. , Bryant Robert , Christensen Britt , Feagan Brian G. , Fletcher Joel G. , Jairath Vipul , Knudsen John , Kucharzik Torsten , Maaser Christian , Maconi Giovanni , Novak Kerri , Rimola Jordi , Taylor Stuart A. , Wilkens Rune , Rieder Florian ,   The Stenosis Therapy and Anti‐Fibrotic Research (STAR) consortium
Published: March 2024

Background

Stricturing Crohn's disease (CD) occurs most commonly in the terminal ileum and poses a clinical problem. Cross‐sectional imaging modalities such as intestinal ultrasound (IUS), computed tomography enterography (CTE), and magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) allow for assessment of the entire bowel wall and associated peri‐enteric findings. Radiologic definitions of strictures have been developed for CTE and MRE; their reliability and responsiveness are being evaluated in index development programs. A comprehensive assessment strategy for strictures using IUS is needed.

Aims

To provide a detailed summary of definitions, diagnosis and monitoring of strictures on IUS as well as technical aspects of image acquisition.

Methods

We searched four databases up to 6 January 2024. Two‐stage screening was done in duplicate. We assessed risk of bias using QUADAS‐2.

Results

There were 56 studies eligible for inclusion. Definitions for strictures on IUS are heterogeneous, but the overall accuracy for diagnosis of strictures is high. The capability of IUS for characterising inflammation versus fibrosis in strictures is not accurate enough to be used in clinical practice or trials. We summarise definitions for improvement of strictures on IUS, and discuss parameters for image acquisition and standardisation.

Conclusions

This systematic review is the first step for a structured program to develop a stricture IUS index for CD.
Stem breaks as an indirect measure of megafaunal herbivory in tropical forests: An experimental study
Authors: Terborgh John , Solana Mena Alicia , Davenport Lisa , Pura Param Bin , A/L Din Husin Sudin , Tunil Charang Muhamad Tauhid Bin , Tan Wei Harn , Campos‐Arceiz Ahimsa
Published: March 2024

To simulate megafaunal (pig, tapir, and elephant) foraging, we cut 1228 saplings in a Sundaic rainforest. In total, 89%–94% of cut stems survived after 13.5 months. About 90% of naturally occurring break scars were at heights ≤1 m, implicating pigs, not elephants or tapirs, as the main source of stem damage in this forest.

Abstract in Malay is available with online material.
Mitochondrial fission enhances IL‐6‐induced metastatic potential in ovarian cancer via ERK1/2 activation
Authors: Lee Juwon , Han Youngjin , Kim Soochi , Jo HyunA , Wang Wenyu , Cho Untack , Kim Se Ik , Kim Boyun , Song Yong Sang
Published: March 2024

Ovarian cancer is a lethal gynecologic cancer mostly diagnosed in an advanced stage with an accumulation of ascites. Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), a pro‐inflammatory cytokine is highly elevated in malignant ascites and plays a pleiotropic role in cancer progression. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that undergo fission and fusion in response to external stimuli and dysregulation in their dynamics has been implicated in cancer progression and metastasis. Here, we investigate the effect of IL‐6 on mitochondrial dynamics in ovarian cancer cells (OVCs) and its impact on metastatic potential. Treatment with IL‐6 on ovarian cancer cell lines (SKOV3 and PA‐1) led to an elevation in the metastatic potential of OVCs. Interestingly, a positive association was observed between dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1), a regulator of mitochondrial fission, and IL‐6R in metastatic ovarian cancer tissues. Additionally, IL‐6 treatment on OVCs was linked to the activation of Drp1, with a notable increase in the ratio of the inhibitory form p‐Drp1(S637) to the active form p‐Drp1(S616), indicating enhanced mitochondrial fission. Moreover, IL‐6 treatment triggered the activation of ERK1/2, and inhibiting ERK1/2 mitigated IL‐6‐induced mitochondrial fission. Suppressing mitochondrial fission through siRNA transfection and a pharmacological inhibitor reduced the IL‐6‐induced migration and invasion of OVCs. This was further supported by 3D invasion assays using patient‐derived spheroids. Altogether, our study suggests the role of mitochondrial fission in the metastatic potential of OVCs induced by IL‐6. The inhibition of mitochondrial fission could be a potential therapeutic approach to suppress the metastasis of ovarian cancer.
ILT4 facilitates angiogenesis in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wang Shuyun , Wang Jing , Gong Wenjing , Zhang Fang , Chen Xiaozheng , Xu Huijun , Han Yali , Fu Xuebing , Wang Leirong , Li Juan , Gao Aiqin , Sun Yuping
Published: March 2024

Antiangiogenic therapy targeting VEGF‐A has become the standard of first‐line therapy for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, its clinical response rate is still less than 50%, and most patients eventually develop resistance, even when using combination therapy with chemotherapy. The major cause of resistance is the activation of complex bypass signals that induce angiogenesis and tumor progression. Therefore, exploring novel proangiogenic mechanisms and developing promising targets for combination therapy are crucial for improving the efficacy of antiangiogenic therapy. Immunoglobulin‐like transcript (ILT) 4 is a classic immunosuppressive molecule that inhibits myeloid cell activation. Recent studies have shown that tumor cell‐derived ILT4 drives tumor progression via the induction of malignant biologies and creation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. However, whether and how ILT4 participates in NSCLC angiogenesis remain elusive. Herein, we found that enriched ILT4 in NSCLC is positively correlated with high microvessel density, advanced disease, and poor overall survival. Tumor cell‐derived ILT4 induced angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo and tumor progression and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, ILT4 was upregulated by its ligand angiopoietin‐like protein 2 (ANGPTL2). Their interaction subsequently activated the ERK1/2 signaling pathway to increase the secretion of the proangiogenic factors VEGF‐A and MMP‐9, which are responsible for NSCLC angiogenesis. Our study explored a novel mechanism for ILT4‐induced tumor progression and provided a potential target for antiangiogenic therapy in NSCLC.
Is it more effective for anhedonia and avolition? A systematic review and meta‐analysis of non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions for negative symptoms in schizophrenia
Authors: Chen Yuying , Li Zhuofeng , Yan Chao , Zou Laiquan
Published: March 2024

Background

Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques are a promising tool for treating the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Growing evidence suggests that different dimensions of negative symptoms have partly distinct underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown inconsistent impacts of NIBS across dimensions.

Objective

This systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluated the effects of NIBS on general negative symptoms, and on specific domains, including blunted affect, alogia, asociality, anhedonia, and avolition.

Data Sources

PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, PsycINFO, OpenGrey, and Clinicaltrials.gov from the first date available to October, 2023.

Results

Among 1049 studies, we identified eight high‐quality RCTs. NIBS significantly affects general negative symptoms (SMD = −0.54, 95% CI [−0.88, −0.21]) and all five domains (SMD = −0.32 to −0.63). Among dimensions, better effects have been shown for improvement of avolition (SMD = −0.47, 95% CI [−0.81, −0.13]) and anhedonia (SMD = −0.63, 95% CI [−0.98, −0.28]). Subgroup analyses of studies that applied once daily stimulation or >10 sessions showed significantly reduced negative symptom severity.

Conclusion

NIBS exerts distinct effects across multiple dimensions of negative symptom, with treatment effects related to stimulation frequency and total sessions. These results need to be confirmed in dedicated studies.
Coagulation with hemostatic forceps after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy in a pediatric patient with esophageal varices
Authors: Nakamura Jun , Hikichi Takuto , Tanaka Hideaki
Published: March 2024

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Competition, over‐branching and bank failures during the Great Depression: New evidence from Italy
Authors: Molteni Marco
Published: March 2024

This paper employs quantitative and qualitative methods to examine the link between banking competition, branching and financial distress during the interwar period in Europe, focusing on Italy as a case study. Regression analysis and a systematic review of printed sources show that banks experiencing distress had opened scores of branches and operated in areas with harsher competition. Poor managerial choices led banks to have higher operational costs, pushing them to more remunerative but riskier activities. The 1920s saw a profound transformation of the Italian banking system, with extensive branch expansion and cut‐throat competition for deposits. This paper argues that these changes in the structure of the banking system rendered it more fragile when the international crisis hit. Available evidence on other European countries suggests that Italy was not an isolated case. The study contributes to the literature on banking crises during the Great Depression and the effects of banking competition on financial stability.
Du Châtelet, induction, and Newton's rules for reasoning
Authors: Wells Aaron
Published: March 2024

I examine Du Châtelet's methodology for physics and metaphysics through the lens of her engagement with Newton's Rules for Reasoning in Natural Philosophy. I first show that her early manuscript writings discuss and endorse these Rules. Then, I argue that her famous published account of hypotheses continues to invoke close analogues of Rules 3 and 4, despite various developments in her position. Once relevant experimental evidence and some basic constraints are met, it is legitimate to inductively generalize from observations; general hypotheses can thereafter be assumed as true until contrary experiments show otherwise. I conclude by arguing that this account of induction plays an essential role in her metaphysics, both in an argument for simple substances—which has an inductive premise—and in her attempt to distinguish acceptable and unacceptable metaphysical commitments.
Cultivating empathy and compassion: Lived experiences of engagement with cognitively‐based compassion training in the US
Authors: McConnell Sara , Ozawa‐de Silva Brendan Richard , Ozawa‐de Silva Chikako
Published: March 2024

This qualitative study presents an analysis of data taken from 16 participants who were interviewed during and 1 year after they attended a course in Cognitively‐Based Compassion Training (CBCT), a meditation course that seeks to help participants cultivate empathy and compassion. The study sought to examine what benefits, if any, participants in a CBCT course reported with regard to their understanding and practice of empathy and compassion; and secondly, if their statements in the interviews exhibited understandings and practices consonant with emotional, social, and cognitive resilience as identified in the existing literature, and consonant with empathy and compassion as defined in CBCT and in existing literature on compassion. The study found that participant interviews provided significant evidence of the development of skills identified in the literature as components of emotional, cognitive, and social resilience, and that participant descriptions and definitions of compassion closely matched those existing in the literature.
Toward a culturally sensitive application of Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy: A qualitative study of therapists' experience using EFT in Spanish‐speaking countries/cultures
Authors: Sandberg Jonathan G. , Calatrava María , Andrade Dania , Lybbert Ragan , Mazo Sara , Rodríguez‐González Martiño
Published: March 2024

The purpose of the current study was to identify specific ways Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy (EFT; S. Johnson) could be adapted to better meet the needs of clients in Spanish‐speaking countries throughout Europe and the Americas. The results were drawn from responses to a qualitative questionnaire regarding the experiences of learning and applying EFT; 103 therapists in 12 different countries where Spanish is spoken responded to the survey. Overall, the results suggest that the therapists surveyed consider EFT to be a “good fit” for many Spanish‐speaking clients because of its focus on emotion, attachment theory, close interpersonal relationships, and model‐specific interventions that match cultural values. Participants suggested a few culture‐specific modifications regarding how to access and process emotion with men in therapy, translation of key EFT concepts and phrases into Spanish, and navigating the intersection of two cultural values (respeto and personalismo). Fewer modifications were suggested by therapists as they discussed application of the model than while learning it.
Plant–soil interactions alter nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in an advancing subarctic treeline
Authors: Fetzer Jasmin , Moiseev Pavel , Frossard Emmanuel , Kaiser Klaus , Mayer Mathias , Gavazov Konstantin , Hagedorn Frank
Published: March 2024

Treelines advance due to climate warming. The impacts of this vegetation shift on plant–soil nutrient cycling are still uncertain, yet highly relevant as nutrient availability stimulates tree growth. Here, we investigated nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in plant and soil pools along two tundra–forest transects on Kola Peninsula, Russia, with a documented elevation shift of birch‐dominated treeline by 70 m during the last 50 years. Results show that although total N and P stocks in the soil–plant system did not change with elevation, their distribution was significantly altered. With the transition from high‐elevation tundra to low‐elevation forest, P stocks in stones decreased, possibly reflecting enhanced weathering. In contrast, N and P stocks in plant biomass approximately tripled and available P and N in the soil increased fivefold toward the forest. This was paralleled by decreasing carbon (C)‐to‐nutrient ratios in foliage and litter, smaller C:N:P ratios in microbial biomass, and lower enzymatic activities related to N and P acquisition in forest soils. An incubation experiment further demonstrated manifold higher N and P net mineralization rates in litter and soil in forest compared to tundra, likely due to smaller C:N:P ratios in decomposing organic matter. Overall, our results show that forest expansion increases the mobilization of available nutrients through enhanced weathering and positive plant–soil feedback, with nutrient‐rich forest litter releasing greater amounts of N and P upon decomposition. While the low N and P availability in tundra may retard treeline advances, its improvement toward the forest likely promotes tree growth and forest development.
Citizens' views on prices of medicines reimbursed by the National Health Service: Findings from Italian online focus groups
Authors: Colombo Cinzia , Caldara Daniele , Banzi Rita
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Access to medicines is one of the biggest challenges to health systems, affecting society and individuals. This study aims to explore citizens' opinions, perceptions and attitudes on the model of medicines' research and development (R&D) and price setting of medicines reimbursed by the Italian National Health Service.

Materials and Methods

We run four online focus groups, analysed through thematic analysis. Inclusion criteria: people aged 30–70 years, who had completed at least compulsory schooling (8–10 years), with no specialised knowledge about the subject. Exclusion criteria: healthcare workers, pharmaceutical and device industry employees, researchers and medicine policy board members. We aimed to include a purposive sample of 20 participants, variable in terms of age, educational level and place of residence.

Results

Eleven women and six men participated. The mean age was 53 years (range: 28–73). Most (n = 15) had a university degree or attended secondary schools. Eight had a job, five were not employed, and four were retired. In general, participants supported the role of the public health service. Almost all had limited knowledge of medicines' R&D and price setting. Most asked for transparency on medicine prices and negotiation criteria. Participants considered revenues of pharmaceutical companies disproportionate and most called for containment measures of profits. Most were in favour of a stronger public intervention in R&D and prices' negotiations. Few were sceptical of the public sector's ability to play this role.

Discussion

Medicines' prices were discussed as a health matter. Increasing citizens' awareness of these topics is needed by providing spaces and conditions to participate in the discussion, including different perspectives and interests.

Patient or Public Contribution

Members of BEUC—the European consumer organisation—proposed the project. Altroconsumo, an independent consumer organisation and OCU, a Spanish consumer organisation, participated in developing the project and the main topics to discuss. The Mario Negri Institute and Aplica cooperative—the Spanish methodological team—were involved by BEUC and their national organisations to define the methodology, organisational aspects and contents and conducted the focus groups.
Enhancing heat dissipation in polyurethane sheets through the incorporation of freeze‐dried aluminum nitride nanofiber
Authors: Hossain Md. Shakhawat , Nakane Koji
Published: March 2024

Inspired by a three‐dimensional (3D) structure, we demonstrate 3D aluminum nitride (AlN) nanofibers fabricated by a freeze‐drying technique using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/boehmite precursor nanofibers. After applying hot pressing, a series of PVA/boehmite precursor nanofibers were prepared with varying PVA‐to‐boehmite ratios (30/70 wt%, 50/50 wt%, and 70/30 wt%). Our findings reveal that the thermal conductivity of the AlN composite nanofibers is significantly affected by the relative proportions of PVA and boehmite, where the ratio of PVA should be more significant than that of boehmite. We produced AlN nanofibers at a lower temperature (1500°C) than the theoretical formation temperature of AlN (1664°C). The minimum specific surface area and pore volumes were 8.39 m2/g and 0.0166 cm3/g, respectively, at 1500°C. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra measured 38.27% aluminum and 23.55% nitrogen in AlN nanofibers. The aligned AlN nanofibers mat was impregnated with polyurethane (PU), which showed good thermal conductivity in the planar (4.1–13.6 W/(m·K)) and thickness (1.5–4.9 W/(m·K)) directions at 18–56 vol% AlN nanofibers content. The heat‐dissipating sheet also showed superior electrical insulating (1.2 × 1012 Ω/cm2) properties. In this study, the author sought to develop a heat‐spreading material made of thermally conductive, but electrically insulating PU/AlN nanofibers that could efficiently dissipate heat from electric devices.
A career in solving clinical‐pathological conundrums: Heyde syndrome, anti‐platelet factor 4 disorders, and microvascular limb ischemic necrosis
Authors: Warkentin Theodore E.
Published: March 2024

Hematology is a clinical specialty with strong roots in the laboratory; accordingly, the lab can help solve perplexing clinical problems. This review highlights clinical‐pathological conundrums addressed during my 35‐year hematology career at McMaster University. Heyde syndrome is the association between aortic stenosis and bleeding gastrointestinal (GI) angiodysplasia where the bleeding is usually cured by aortic valve replacement; the chance reading of a neonatal study showing reversible deficiency of high‐molecular‐weight (HMW) multimers of von Willebrand factor (vWF) following surgical correction of congenital heart disease provided the key insight that a subtle deficiency of HMW multimers of vWF explains Heyde syndrome. The unusual immunobiology of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)—a highly prothrombotic, antibody‐mediated, anti‐platelet factor 4 (PF4) disorder featuring rapid appearance and then disappearance (seroreversion) of the pathological heparin‐dependent platelet‐activating antibodies—permitted identification of key clinical features that informed development of a scoring system (4Ts) to aid in HIT diagnosis. Atypical clinical presentations of HIT prompted identification of heparin‐independent anti‐PF4 antibodies, now recognized as the explanation for vaccine‐induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), as well as VITT‐like disorders triggered by adenovirus infection. Another unusual feature of HIT is its strong association with limb ischemia, including limb necrosis secondary to deep‐vein/microvascular thrombosis (venous limb gangrene). The remarkable observation that supratherapeutic warfarin anticoagulation predisposes to HIT‐ and cancer‐associated venous limb gangrene provided insight into disturbed procoagulant/anticoagulant balance; these concepts are relevant to microvascular thrombosis in critical illness (symmetrical peripheral gangrene), including a pathophysiological role for proximate “shock liver” (impaired hepatic synthesis of natural anticoagulants).
International monetary spillovers to frontier financial markets: Evidence from Bangladesh
Authors: Sardar Md. Rashedur Rahman , Schaffer Matthew
Published: March 2024

This paper investigates international monetary spillovers to stock prices in Bangladesh, a frontier market that has been excluded from prior studies in the literature. Using daily stock price data for over 300 publicly traded firms in a high‐frequency event study framework, we find that contractionary monetary shocks originating from the US, euro area, and China lower stock prices, with Chinese monetary shocks having the largest impact. Contractionary shocks originating from India, on the other hand, lead to a statistically significant increase in stock returns. The positive response is driven by a small number of policy decisions. When these outlier decisions are removed from the sample, contractionary Indian monetary shocks lead to a decline in stock prices in line with spillovers from the other countries.
Dementia friendly in the context of hospitalization: A concept analysis using the Walker & Avant Method
Authors: Munsterman Ellen , Perez Adriana , Hodgson Nancy , Cacchione Pamela
Published: March 2024

Aim(s)

To evaluate the literature to inform and propose a conceptual definition for dementia friendly in the context of hospitalization.

Methods

The Walker & Avant method for concept analysis was utilized for this review.

Data Sources (Include Search Dates)

Initial search conducted June 2022. Repeated search conducted in February 2023. Databases for the literature search include Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and AGELINE.

Results

Five attributes of the concept of dementia friendly in the context of hospitalization were identified including: staff knowledge/education, environmental modification, person‐centred care, nursing care delivery and inclusion of family caregivers. Based on these attributes a conceptual definition is proposed.

Conclusion

A clarified definition for dementia friendly in the context of hospitalization will aid in understanding the concept, provide guidance for hospitals seeking to implement dementia‐friendly interventions and benefit researchers aiming to study the impact of such programs.

Reporting Method

n/a.

Patient or Public Contribution

No Patient or Public Contribution.
Blended learning in rural K‐12 education: Stakeholder dynamics and recommendations
Authors: Henríquez Valeria , Hilliger Isabel
Published: March 2024

Background

With the growing integration of technology in education, the adoption of blended learning (b‐learning) has gained attention. B‐learning combines traditional classroom teaching with online components, holding potential to enhance student outcomes and educational efficiency. Yet, current research predominantly concentrates on higher education institutions in urban areas, creating a void in understanding its impact on K‐12 education, particularly in rural settings.

Objectives

This qualitative study aims to propose recommendations for successful implementation of blended learning in rural K‐12 areas by addressing the key stakeholders influencing its adoption and identifying the main factors affecting its success.

Methods

We performed a content analysis of grey literature documents detailing the implementation of b‐learning in K‐12 education. Additionally, interviews with crucial stakeholders such as teachers, principals, and experts in rural schools in South America provide insights into the challenges and prospects of b‐learning adoption in these contexts.

Results and Conclusions

The study identifies pivotal stakeholders for effective b‐learning implementation, outlining their roles and addressing challenges inherent in rural settings. Recommendations for enhancing b‐learning's implementation in developing countries are also proposed. The research underscores the significance of involving diverse stakeholders such as governmental bodies, school leaders, educators, students, and families to ensure a holistic and efficient approach to blended learning.
Durable pulmonary vein isolation with optimized high‐power and very high‐power short‐duration temperature‐controlled ablation: A step‐by‐step guide
Authors: De Potter Tom J. R. , De Becker Benjamin , Duytschaever Mattias
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Through systematic scientific rigor, the CLOSE guided workflow was developed and has been shown to improve pulmonary vein isolation durability. However, this technique was developed at a time when using power‐controlled ablation catheters with conventional power ranges was the norm. There has been increased adoption of a high‐power and very high‐power short‐duration ablation practice propelled by the availability of the temperature‐controlled radiofrequency QDOT MICRO catheter.

Methods

There are fundamental differences in biophysics between very high‐powered temperature guided ablation and conventional ablation strategy that may impact patient outcomes. The catheter's design and ablation modes offer flexibility in technique while accommodating the individual operator's clinical discretion and preference to deliver a durable, transmural, and contiguous lesion set.

Results

Here, we provide recommendations for 3 different workflows using the QDOT MICRO catheter in a step‐by‐step manner for pulmonary vein isolation based on our cumulative experience as early adopters of the technology and the data available in the scientific literature.

Conclusions

With standardization, temperature‐controlled ablation with the QDOT MICRO catheter provides operators the flexibility of implementing different ablation strategies to ensure durable contiguous pulmonary vein isolation depending on patient characteristics.
Glucose metabolism partially regulates β‐cell function through epigenomic changes
Authors: Kim Yong Kyung , Won Kyu Chang , Sussel Lori
Published: March 2024

The β‐cell relies predominantly on glucose utilization to generate adenosine triphosphate, which is crucial for both cell viability and insulin secretion. The β‐cell has evolved remarkable metabolic flexibility to productively respond to shifts in environmental conditions and changes in glucose availability. Although these adaptive responses are important for maintaining optimal cellular function, there is emerging evidence that the resulting changes in cellular metabolites can impact the epigenome, causing transient and lasting alterations in gene expression. This review explores the intricate interplay between metabolism and the epigenome, providing valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms leading to β‐cell dysfunction in diabetes. Understanding these mechanisms will be critical for developing targeted therapeutic strategies to preserve and enhance β‐cell function, offering potential avenues for interventions to improve glycemic control in individuals with diabetes.
Patterns of initial distant metastases in 151 patients undergoing surveillance for treated Merkel cell carcinoma
Authors: Kim Emily Y. , Liu Mofei , Giobbie‐Hurder Anita , Bahar Furkan , Khaddour Karam , Silk Ann W. , Thakuria Manisha
Published: March 2024

Background

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is associated with high rates of recurrence and distant metastatic progression. Current guidelines for surveillance imaging are not evidence based. Better characterization of the pattern of distant metastatic spread will better inform surveillance and facilitate earlier detection of metastases.

Objectives

This retrospective study aimed to assess potential relationships between primary tumour site and site of initial distant metastasis, time to distant metastasis, overall survival (OS) and MCC‐specific death (MSD).

Methods

Patients with local or regional (Stage I–III) disease who were treated with curative intent and progressed to Stage IV were included in this study (n = 151). Fisher's exact test was used to assess differences in patterns of initial distant metastases based on primary tumour site. Time to initial distant metastasis was calculated from date of MCC diagnosis. OS and MSD were calculated from date of initial distant metastasis to date of death from any or MCC‐related causes, respectively.

Results

Of 151 patients included in analysis, 89 (58.9%) had a single initial distant metastatic site, and 62 (41.1%) had multiple sites. Patients with upper limb primary tumours were significantly less likely to develop distant lymph node or liver metastases (p = 0.02 and 0.04, respectively). Median time to distant metastasis was 11 months (IQR 6.7–17.9 months). Median OS was 15.3 months, and was shorter for patients with liver (7.0 months, p = 0.0004) or bone metastases (8.9 months, p < 0.0001). Using skin/soft tissue metastasis as a reference group, patients with multiple metastatic sites had significantly higher hazards of MSD (HR = 3.46 univariate, 3.77 multivariate analysis). Time to distant metastasis, OS and MSD did not differ by viral status.

Conclusion

Sites of initial distant metastasis are related to primary tumour sites and survival outcomes. Because patients often have multiple initial metastases, full‐body cross‐sectional rather than region‐specific imaging may facilitate earlier detection of metastatic disease.
How does the JOBS act affect the rule 144A market?
Authors: Cai Kelly , Zhu Hui
Published: March 2024

In this article, we examine the effects of Title II of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups (JOBS) Act on the cost and issue size of Rule 144 debts for a sample from 2002 to 2019. We find that after the enactment of the JOBS Act, the average cost (issue size) of the Rule 144 A offers decreases (increases) significantly. The findings are robust after controlling for issue‐, issuer‐, and country‐specific characteristics as well as market conditions. Evidence based on the propensity‐score‐matched sample, including public debt issues, subsample analyses, difference‐in‐differences tests, and alternative event windows, further shows that domestic firms benefit more from the JOBS Act as they have a greater reduction in the cost of debt and increase in the issue size. Overall, our results are consistent with the increased investor base hypothesis and suggest that Title II of the JOBS Act satisfies Congress's goal of making it more cost efficient for Rule 144 A issuers.
Individuals who have been infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 remain with lowered taste and smell sensory‐processing sensitivity: A case study
Authors: Santos Betsy Gois , Minim Valéria Paula Rodrigues , Lima Filho Tarcísio , Della Lucia Suzana Maria
Published: March 2024

This research aimed to investigate the occurrence and prevalence of possible changes in the sensory perception of individuals who presented total or partial loss of smell or taste when infected by SARS‐CoV‐2, comparing the results with those of individuals who were not diagnosed with the disease and did not show typical symptoms of the infection. One hundred volunteers were recruited, of whom 50 were from the group of people who had COVID‐19 and had signs of smell or taste dysfunction (COVID group), and 50 were from the group of people who did not have the disease and did not show symptoms of the disease (Control group). Gustatory tests were performed to evaluate four primary tastes: sweet, salty, sour, and bitter, and olfactory tests were performed to assess odors: coffee, pineapple, lime, and cinnamon. To determine the detection and recognition thresholds, three‐alternative forced‐choice sessions of tastes and odors were carried out, and intensity scales were used to verify the sensory perception of the participants. Significant differences were confirmed between the groups (Control and COVID) for the detection and recognition thresholds for all tastes and odors. Sour taste was significantly affected in terms of detection and recognition, suggesting that COVID group shows lower sensitivity concerning this taste. Pineapple odor was the most difficult of being recognized by COVID group. The intensity attributed to the stimuli by the COVID group were lower than those of the Control group and differed statistically at the highest concentrations. Data show that individuals in COVID group remained with gustatory and olfactory alterations in sensitivity, detection, and recognition capacity.

Practical Applications

This research demonstrated the prevalence of symptoms of sensory‐processing disorders related to gustatory and/or olfactory functions in individuals who tested positive for COVID‐19, even after been cured of the infection. They had sensory alterations in terms of detection and recognition capacity, as well as sensitivity. In practice, several factors associated with quality of life are impaired due to sensory‐processing disorders, such as food, personal hygiene, safety, and physical or mental illnesses, which lead to a necessity of monitor these individuals as these factors are related to public health.
Predictors of engagement in screening for a hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment trial in a rural Appalachian community
Authors: Havens Jennifer R. , Lofwall Michelle R. , Young April M. , Staton Michele , Schaninger Takako , Fraser Hannah , Vickerman Peter , Walsh Sharon L.
Published: March 2024

An HCV treatment trial was initiated in September 2019 to address the opioid/hepatitis C virus (HCV) syndemic in rural Kentucky. The focus of the current analysis is on participation in diagnostic screening for the trial. Initial eligibility (≥18 years of age, county resident) was established by phone followed by in‐person HCV viremia testing. 900 rural residents met the inclusion criteria and comprised the analytic sample. Generalized linear models were specified to estimate the relative risk of non‐attendance at the in‐person visit determining HCV eligibility. Approximately one‐quarter (22.1%) of scheduled participants were no‐shows. People who inject drugs were no more likely than people not injecting drugs to be a no‐show; however, participants ≤35 years of age were significantly less likely to attend. While the median time between phone screening and scheduled in‐person screening was only 2 days, each additional day increased the odds of no‐show by 3% (95% confidence interval: 2%–3%). Finally, unknown HCV status predicted no‐show even after adjustment for age, gender, days between screenings and injection status. We found that drug injection did not predict no‐show, further justifying expanded access to HCV treatment among people who inject drugs. Those 35 years and younger were more likely to no‐show, suggesting that younger individuals may require targeted strategies for increasing testing and treatment uptake. Finally, streamlining the treatment cascade may also improve outcomes, as participants in the current study were more likely to attend if there were fewer days between phone screening and scheduled in‐person screening.
Environmental radon, fracking wells, and lymphoma in dogs
Authors: Tindle Ashleigh N. , Braman Samantha L. , Swafford Brenna M. , Trepanier Lauren A.
Published: March 2024

Background

Multicentric lymphoma (ML) in dogs resembles non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in humans. Human NHL is associated with multiple environmental exposures, including to radon and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

Hypothesis/Objectives

The objective of this study was to determine whether ML in dogs was associated with environmental radon or proximity to horizontal oil and drilling (fracking), a source of VOC pollution.

Methods

We identified dogs from the Golden Retriever Lifetime Study that developed ML (n = 52) along with matched controls (n = 104). Dog home addresses were categorized by Environmental Protection Agency radon zone and average residential radon by county, as well as by distance from fracking and associated wastewater wells.

Results

We found no significant differences in county level radon measurements. Individual household radon measurements were not available. There was no difference in residential proximity to active fracking wells between dogs with ML and unaffected dogs. While dogs with ML lived closer to wastewater wells (123 vs 206 km; P = .01), there was no difference in the percentage of cases vs controls that lived in close proximity (20 km) to a fracking well (11.5% for cases, 6.7% for controls; OR 1.81, 95% CI 0.55 to 5.22; P = .36), or a wastewater well (6.7% for cases, 4.4% for controls; P > .99).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

These data suggest that more proximate sources of chemical exposures need to be assessed in dogs with ML, including measurements of individual household radon and household VOC concentrations.
The Role of the Gulf in the Longue Durée Of China's Foreign Policy
Authors: Fardella Enrico , She Gangzheng
Published: March 2024

This article examines the evolution of China's policy toward the Persian Gulf, linking its contemporary strategies to its historical principles of diplomacy, particularly those rooted in Maoism. It first outlines a conceptual framework that connects China's Gulf policies to the enduring Maoist tradition in its foreign policy. The analysis then delves into Mao Zedong's theory of intermediate zones and its influence on China's strategic posture in the Middle East from the mid‐20th century to today. The focus shifts to the increasing importance of the region, especially the Gulf, in the current iteration of China's intermediate‐zones strategy. Situating China's policies within the context of Mao's anti‐hegemonic stance and the concept of intermediate zones provides a nuanced perspective on the Chinese approach to the Middle East. The authors argue that China's longstanding anti‐hegemonic strategy has hindered the development of a more independent and assertive regional policy. However, they suggest that the recent intensification of the Sino‐American rivalry, the perceived decline in US regional influence, and the “new centrality” of the Persian Gulf may prompt China to adopt a more proactive role in the region, moving beyond its traditional strategy of active defense. This article is part of a special issue examining the responses of Gulf countries to rising Sino‐American competition, edited by Andrea Ghiselli, Anoushiravan Ehteshami, and Enrico Fardella.
Drought increases Norway spruce susceptibility to the Eurasian spruce bark beetle and its associated fungi
Authors: Netherer Sigrid , Lehmanski Linda , Bachlehner Albert , Rosner Sabine , Savi Tadeja , Schmidt Axel , Huang Jianbei , Paiva Maria Rosa , Mateus Eduardo , Hartmann Henrik , Gershenzon Jonathan
Published: March 2024

Drought affects the complex interactions between Norway spruce, the bark beetle Ips typographus and associated microorganisms. We investigated the interplay of tree water status, defense and carbohydrate reserves with the incidence of bark beetle attack and infection of associated fungi in mature spruce trees.

We installed roofs to induce a 2‐yr moderate drought in a managed spruce stand to examine a maximum of 10 roof and 10 control trees for resin flow (RF), predawn twig water potentials, terpene, phenolic and carbohydrate bark concentrations, and bark beetle borings in field bioassays before and after inoculation with Endoconidiophora polonica and Grosmannia penicillata.

Drought‐stressed trees showed more attacks and significantly longer fungal lesions than controls, but maintained terpene resin defenses at predrought levels. Reduced RF and lower mono‐ and diterpene, but not phenolic concentrations were linked with increased host selection. Bark beetle attack and fungi stimulated chemical defenses, yet G. penicillata reduced phenolic and carbohydrate contents.

Chemical defenses did not decrease under mild, prolonged drought in our simulated small‐scale biotic infestations. However, during natural mass attacks, reductions in carbon fixation under drought, in combination with fungal consumption of carbohydrates, may deplete tree defenses and facilitate colonization by I. typographus.
Convergent and/or parallel evolution of RNA‐binding proteins in angiosperms after polyploidization
Authors: Guo Liangyu , Wang Shuo , Jiao Xi , Ye Xiaoxue , Deng Deyin , Liu Hua , Li Yan , Van de Peer Yves , Wu Wenwu
Published: March 2024

Increasing studies suggest that the biased retention of stress‐related transcription factors (TFs) after whole‐genome duplications (WGDs) could rewire gene transcriptional networks, facilitating plant adaptation to challenging environments. However, the role of posttranscriptional factors (e.g. RNA‐binding proteins, RBPs) following WGDs has been largely ignored.

Uncovering thousands of RBPs in 21 representative angiosperm species, we integrate genomic, transcriptomic, regulatomic, and paleotemperature datasets to unravel their evolutionary trajectories and roles in adapting to challenging environments.

We reveal functional enrichments of RBP genes in stress responses and identify their convergent retention across diverse angiosperms from independent WGDs, coinciding with global cooling periods. Numerous RBP duplicates derived from WGDs are then identified as cold‐induced. A significant overlap of 29 orthogroups between WGD‐derived and cold‐induced RBP genes across diverse angiosperms highlights a correlation between WGD and cold stress. Notably, we unveil an orthogroup (Glycine‐rich RNA‐binding Proteins 7/8, GRP7/8) and relevant TF duplicates (CCA1/LHY, RVE4/8, CBF2/4, etc.), co‐retained in different angiosperms post‐WGDs. Finally, we illustrate their roles in rewiring circadian and cold‐regulatory networks at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels during global cooling.

Altogether, we underline the adaptive evolution of RBPs in angiosperms after WGDs during global cooling, improving our understanding of plants surviving periods of environmental turmoil.