bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revealing and harnessing CD39 for the treatment of colorectal cancer and liver metastases by engineered T cells
Authors: Potenza Alessia , Balestrieri Chiara , Spiga Martina , Albarello Luca , Pedica Federica , Manfredi Francesco , Cianciotti Beatrice Claudia , De Lalla Claudia , Botrugno Oronza A , Faccani Cristina , Stasi Lorena , Tassi Elena , Bonfiglio Silvia , Scotti Giulia Maria , Redegalli Miriam , Biancolini Donatella , Camisa Barbara , Tiziano Elena , Sirini Camilla , Casucci Monica , Iozzi Chiara , Abbati Danilo , Simeoni Fabio , Lazarevic Dejan , Elmore Ugo , Fiorentini Guido , Di Lullo Giulia , Casorati Giulia , Doglioni Claudio , Tonon Giovanni , Dellabona Paolo , Rosati Riccardo , Aldrighetti Luca , Ruggiero Eliana , Bonini Chiara
Published: June 2023

Objective

Colorectal tumours are often densely infiltrated by immune cells that have a role in surveillance and modulation of tumour progression but are burdened by immunosuppressive signals, which might vary from primary to metastatic stages. Here, we deployed a multidimensional approach to unravel the T-cell functional landscape in primary colorectal cancers (CRC) and liver metastases, and genome editing tools to develop CRC-specific engineered T cells.

Design

We paired high-dimensional flow cytometry, RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry to describe the functional phenotype of T cells from healthy and neoplastic tissue of patients with primary and metastatic CRC and we applied lentiviral vectors (LV) and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technologies to develop CRC-specific cellular products.

Results

We found that T cells are mainly localised at the front edge and that tumor-infiltrating T cells co-express multiple inhibitory receptors, which largely differ from primary to metastatic sites. Our data highlighted CD39 as the major driver of exhaustion in both primary and metastatic colorectal tumours. We thus simultaneously redirected T-cell specificity employing a novel T-cell receptor targeting HER-2 and disrupted the endogenous TCR genes (TCR editing (TCRED)) and the CD39 encoding gene (ENTPD1), thus generating TCREDENTPD1KOHER-2-redirected lymphocytes. We showed that the absence of CD39 confers to HER-2-specific T cells a functional advantage in eliminating HER-2+patient-derived organoidsin vitroandin vivo.

Conclusion

HER-2-specific CD39 disrupted engineered T cells are promising advanced medicinal products for primary and metastatic CRC.
Understanding the circumstances of paediatric fall injuries: a machine learning analysis of NEISS narratives
Authors: Omaki Elise , Shields Wendy , Rouhizadeh Masoud , Delgado-Barroso Pamela , Stefanos Ruth , Gielen Andrea
Published: June 2023

Objectives

Falls are the leading cause of non-fatal injury among young children. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify the circumstances contributing to medically attended paediatric fall injuries among 0–4 years old.

Methods

Cross-sectional data for falls among kids under 5 years recorded between 2012 and 2016 in the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was obtained. A sample of 4546 narratives was manually coded for: (1) where the child fell from; (2) what the child fell onto; (3) the activities preceding the fall and (4) how the fall occurred. A natural language processing model was developed and subsequently applied to the remaining uncoded data to yield a set of 91 325 cases coded for what the child fell from, fell onto, the activities preceding the fall, and how the fall occurred. Data were descriptively tabulated by age and disposition.

Results

Children most often fell from the bed accounting for one-third (33%) of fall injuries in infants, 13% in toddlers and 12% in preschoolers. Children were more likely to be hospitalised if they fell from another person (7.4% vs 2.6% for all other sources; p<0.01). After adjusting for age, the odds of a child being hospitalised following a fall from another person were 2.1 times higher than falling from other surfaces (95% CI 1.6 to 2.7).

Conclusions

The prevalence of injuries due to falling off the bed, and the elevated risk of serious injury from falling from another person highlights the need for more robust and effective communication to caregivers on fall injury prevention.
IntronicFGF14GAA repeat expansions are a common cause of ataxia syndromes with neuropathy and bilateral vestibulopathy
Authors: Pellerin David , Wilke Carlo , Traschütz Andreas , Nagy Sara , Currò Riccardo , Dicaire Marie-Josée , Garcia-Moreno Hector , Anheim Mathieu , Wirth Thomas , Faber Jennifer , Timmann Dagmar , Depienne Christel , Rujescu Dan , Gazulla José , Reilly Mary M , Giunti Paola , Brais Bernard , Houlden Henry , Schöls Ludger , Strupp Michael , Cortese Andrea , Synofzik Matthis
Published: June 2023

Background

Intronic GAA repeat expansions in the fibroblast growth factor 14 gene (FGF14) have recently been identified as a common cause of ataxia with potential phenotypic overlap withRFC1-related cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy and vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS). Our objective was to report on the frequency of intronicFGF14GAA repeat expansions in patients with an unexplained CANVAS-like phenotype.

Methods

We recruited 45 patients negative for biallelicRFC1repeat expansions with a combination of cerebellar ataxia plus peripheral neuropathy and/or bilateral vestibulopathy (BVP), and genotyped theFGF14repeat locus. Phenotypic features of GAA-FGF14-positive versus GAA-FGF14-negative patients were compared.

Results

Frequency ofFGF14GAA repeat expansions was 38% (17/45) in the entire cohort, 38% (5/13) in the subgroup with cerebellar ataxia plus polyneuropathy, 43% (9/21) in the subgroup with cerebellar ataxia plus BVP and 27% (3/11) in patients with all three features. BVP was observed in 75% (12/16) of GAA-FGF14-positive patients. Polyneuropathy was at most mild and of mixed sensorimotor type in six of eight GAA-FGF14-positive patients. Family history of ataxia (59% vs 15%; p=0.007) was significantly more frequent and permanent cerebellar dysarthria (12% vs 54%; p=0.009) significantly less frequent in GAA-FGF14-positive than in GAA-FGF14-negative patients. Age at onset was inversely correlated to the size of the repeat expansion (Pearson’s r, −0.67; R2=0.45; p=0.0031).

Conclusions

GAA-FGF14-related disease is a common cause of cerebellar ataxia with polyneuropathy and/or BVP, and should be included in the differential diagnosis ofRFC1CANVAS and disease spectrum.
Model of relativistic superconductivity
Authors: Bruce Stanley A
Published: June 2023

We propose a simplified 2D effective scalar electrodynamics model of relativistic type-II superconductivity. Within this framework, we discuss possible electromagnetic (EM) behaviors of superconductivity along the lines of the nonrelativistic Ginzburg–Landau (GL) theory. This model may be of significance to study very diverse physical phenomena such as a nonlinear version of the electron–hole conversion by a superconductor and electron-positron dynamics around neutron stars. We briefly comment on extending the model to study the 3D dynamics of vortex–vortex interactions and Abrikosov fluxonics.
Transmission of a position-dependent mass system through a soft Coulomb potential
Authors: Vubangsi M. , Kamsu B. F. , Migueu F. B. , Tchoffo M. , Fai L. C.
Published: June 2023

This research delves into the fascinating transmission characteristics of a system with variable mass, confined by a Coulomb-like potential. By utilizing an analytic approach to transmission probability, we were able to unveil the intriguing features that are observed experimentally in a specially designed two-dimensional lattice. This lattice was engineered to manipulate itinerant electrons through entanglement, resulting in variable masses as they traverse the lattice. To build our model system, we utilized the displacement operator approach to the position-dependent effective mass theory. This allowed us to investigate the effects of different configurations of leads, system geometries and lattice deformations on the transmission characteristics of the system. The resulting data showed that the model system was highly sensitive to these parameters, which led to various interesting features. First, we observed Andreev-like reflections, which occur when a particle is reflected as a hole, resulting in the transfer of both energy and charge. Another feature was reflectionless transmission, in which the transmission probability of a particle is close to unity, and almost no reflection occurs. We also observed complete localization of charge carriers, where the transmission probability is effectively zero, indicating that the charge carriers are completely confined within the lattice. Our findings demonstrate the remarkable versatility of the effective mass approach in the modeling of physical systems. By unraveling the intricate relationships between system parameters and transmission probability, we have gained new insights into the behavior of itinerant charge carriers in lattice structures. These insights may guide the design and development of novel electronic devices with enhanced performance and functionality.
Study on sound insulation performance of sonic black hole with micro-perforated plates
Authors: Cao Meng , Chu Jiaming , Liang Xiao , Wang Wenjie , Liang Haofeng , Zhang Siwen , Yang Zhen , Zhou Zhuo
Published: June 2023

According to the traditional law of mass, the insulation of low-frequency sound usually requires thick, high-density materials. However, lightweight metamaterials containing acoustic structures can also achieve high acoustic transmission losses. In this study, we present a sonic black hole (SBH) device coupled with micro-perforated plates (MPPs) and intraluminal column structure to achieve high sound insulation performance with light weight. The finite element model (FEM) is developed to analyze the acoustic energy distribution and dissipation inside the SBH device to evaluate its sound transmission loss (STL), and the accuracy of the analytical model is verified by impedance tube testing. The analysis results show that the SBH device has excellent sound insulation performance in the broadband and low frequency mainly due to the energy dissipation caused by the MPPs and column structure, and wavelength compression, energy focusing caused by the SBH effect. Finally, the sound insulation capacity of SBH can be further improved by improving the structure, such as increasing the complexity of acoustic medium flow and adding the number of layers of MPPs. The numerical model and the calculation results of this paper provide a new way of thinking for the design and optimization of SBH sound insulation structures.
Darcy–Forchheimer flow of second-grade fluid in a porous medium using Cattaneo–Christov model
Authors: Khan Nargis , Saeed Mobashar , Hashmi M. S. , Inc Mustafa
Published: June 2023

This research paper examines the Darcy–Forchheimer flow of second-grade hybrid nanofluid with thermophoretic particle deposition on a solar collector plate in a porous media. This study performs an extensive exploration of entropy generation. Solar collector plates play a crucial role in energy storage in solar power plants. They help to store and regulate energy at extreme temperatures. This work analyzes the performance of a solar collector plate when the conventional fluid of Ethylene Glycol (EG) is reciprocated by nanoparticles of zirconium dioxide and copper. The ramifications of Magntohydrodynamic (MHD) and Cattaneo–Christov heat and mass flux are also investigated. The expressions of mass and energy are generated by using the Cattaneo–Christov model of heat and mass flux. The Homotopy analysis method (HAM) is utilized to achieve the results of differential equations against various dimensionless parameters. The fluctuating behavior of velocity, concentration and temperature profiles is discussed graphically in this paper. Furthermore, tables are included for the numerical values of skin friction, Sherwood number and Nusselt number for several parameters. As the value of the Darcy parameter raises, the fluid’s velocity distribution continuously reduces. The temperature distribution reduces along with the greater values of the thermal relaxation parameter. The concentration profile has shown decreasing impact due to the increasing value of the concentration relaxation parameter.
Monte Carlo simulations of polarization plateaus in carbon-based ferrielectric (1, 3/2) nanotubes
Authors: Fadil Z. , Raorane Chaitany Jayprakash , El Fdil R. , Karam Steve , Khan Aftab Aslam Parwaz , Kim Seong Cheol
Published: June 2023

This scientific study presents Monte Carlo simulations within a Blume–Capel Ising model to investigate polarization plateaus in carbon-based ferrielectric (1, 3/2) nanotubes. The study examines the impact of exchange coupling interactions, crystalline field, and temperature fluctuations on polarization plateaus. The results reveal the presence of three distinct polarization plateaus, with critical and saturation electric fields, and demonstrate that the behavior of polarization plateaus is significantly impacted by variations in exchange coupling interactions and the crystalline field. These results could enhance our comprehension of the underlying physics of polarization in carbon-based ferrielectric nanotubes and can have important implications for the development of spintronic devices. These results suggest further research to explore potential applications in the field of nanoelectronics.
Measurement of relative transition oscillator strength via Rydberg six-wave mixing spectrum
Authors: Zhang Huiling , Hao Jiarui , Xie Zhongzhu , Fang Yong
Published: June 2023

Atomic-based field measurements have made significant progress in reproducibility, accuracy, and resolution enhancement. In this paper, the relative transition oscillator strength of excited 6P[Formula: see text] to nD[Formula: see text]/nD[Formula: see text] can be measured more accurately by spectral results of Rydberg six-wave mixing, meanwhile accompanying measured efficiency of Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparent and fluorescence is compared. Relative transition oscillator strength is obtained and demonstrated, it is observed that relative transition oscillator strengths are independent of primary quantum n in thermal vapor. The measured results are approached with theoretical calculation which can not only extend relative transition oscillator strength of the measurement way in an atomic system, but can also demonstrate six-wave mixing as nonlinear process read information of laser excite atoms more accurately.
Complex Text Detection Algorithm Based on Edge Attention Mechanism
Authors: Cui Shaoguo , Chen Xi , Mou Zhenping , Xie Zheng , Sun Yisha , Li Dongchun
Published: June 2023

In computer vision, automatically identifying and locating text in images or videos is an important task. Traditional text detection methods are not effective in detecting complex scenes in irregular rectangular areas such as text bending, spacing, and special shapes, which are mainly reflected in the fragmentation of text detection areas. In this paper, a text detection method based on edge attention mechanism is proposed to better adapt to complex scenes. The proposed method takes Encoder–Decoder as the core idea. First of all, an edge attention module is designed, including global attention and local attention. The global attention module is used to perceive the features of text regions and nontext regions, while the local attention module is used to learn the information of text boundaries. Then a multi-scale feature fusion process is designed, which can strengthen the edge information and key information of text regions. Finally, the model outputs probability maps and threshold maps, and generates high-precision binary maps of text regions. After experimental verification, the proposed method on the public data set significantly reduces the fragmentation of the detection area, improves the detection accuracy of the text area, and has better robustness for text detection scenes with unconventional rectangular areas.
Temperature-Dependent Vibration Characteristics of Porous FG Material Plates Utilizing FSDT
Authors: Kumar V. , Singh S. J. , Harsha S. P.
Published: June 2023

This study focuses on the vibration characteristics of the functionally graded materials (FGMs) porous plate. The plate is to be supported on different boundary constraints with linearly varying thicknesses. Existence of different porosity (void) pattern, within the materials, are taken into consideration using the power (P-FGM) and sigmoidal (S-FGM) gradation laws. The current methodology was developed utilizing the FSDT (first-order shear deformation theory) under thermal environmental conditions. Variations of temperature like as uniform, linearly varying, and nonlinear distribution patterns were examined by including temperature-dependent and independent material properties. The equations of motion including all the effects are derived from Hamilton’s principle and, subsequently solved using the Galerkin’s Vlasov method for various plate boundary conditions. Finally, the analytical outcomes are verified numerically, with the existing works. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that the fundamental frequency of porous FGM tapered plate is very close to the result obtained by the other researchers. Moreover, a detailed examination has been carried out to reveal the effect of various factors such as volume exponent index ([Formula: see text], side-to-thickness ratio ([Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text], and temperature effect ([Formula: see text]. In addition to this, some new benchmark results are obtained for free vibration analysis of tapered plates under a thermal environment.
INFORMAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A REVIEW AND PRIORITIZATION OF RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: SIMBA AMON , OJONG NATHANAEL , DANA LÉO-PAUL
Published: June 2023

Although informal entrepreneurship has attracted attention from entrepreneurship scholars, it remains under-theorized. This systematic review critically analyses, evaluates and integrates data on informal entrepreneurship gathered from studies published in eight (8) leading entrepreneurship journals. Although this form of entrepreneurship is practiced across the globe, it is generally perceived as an activity occurring in the peripheries of mainstream economics and inferior to formal entrepreneurship. This review develops essential knowledge for entrepreneurship research by theorizing informal entrepreneurship as a potent process in business formation and it establishes a future research agenda.
SOCIAL CAPITAL, LEARNING FROM INNOVATION FAILURE, AND INNOVATION: SOME INSIGHTS FROM HIGH-GROWTH SMALL BUSINESSES IN A COLLECTIVIST CULTURE
Authors: GAMES DONARD , LUPIYOADI RAMBAT , AGUSTINA TRI SIWI , AMSAL ARES ALBIRRU , KARTIKA RAYNA
Published: June 2023

The objective of this study is to examine the relationships between social capital, learning from innovation failure, and high-growth small business innovation in the context of a collectivist culture. This study employed a quantitative approach. Data were collected from 78 high-growth small businesses and were analysed using the Partial Least Squares (PLS). It was found that there is a strong link between social capital and innovation. We also focus on the importance of learning from innovation failure in relation to social capital and innovation. This study emphasises social capital and learning from innovation failure as sources of innovation through the lenses of a knowledge-based perspective. Little research has been undertaken to examine the relationships between social capital and learning from innovation failure. This study offers this and provides a particular context: high-growth small businesses in a collectivist culture.
Analysis of multi-center topological domain states in BiFeO3 nanodot arrays
Authors: Li Zhongwen , Zhang Siyi , Li Qingsheng , Liu Hao
Published: June 2023

High-density ferroelectric BiFeO3 (BFO) nanodot arrays were developed through template-assisted tailoring of epitaxial thin films. By combining piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) imaging techniques, we found that oxygen vacancies in nanodot arrays can be transported in the presence of an electric field. Besides triple-center domains, quadruple-center domains with different vertical polarizations were also identified. This was confirmed by combining the measurements of the domain switching and polarization vector distribution. The competition between the accumulation of mobile charges, such as oxygen vacancies, on the interface and the geometric constraints of nanodots led to the formation of these topological domain states. These abnormal multi-center topological defect states pave the way for improving the storage density of ferroelectric memory devices.
Managing Hybrid Teams
Authors: Matsudaira Kate
Published: June 2023

After three years of working remotely, many companies are asking their people to return to the office. Not everyone is coming back, however. With some people in the office and some still working from home, leaders must get this transition to hybrid work right. Hybrid is the worst of both worlds in some ways. You can easily end up creating two experiences?one for the people in the office and one for the remote workers?which can lead to problems that will compound over time and have long-term damaging effects on your team. For leaders who are navigating a newly hybridized work environment, this column presents the following recommendations to help make sure your team is as functional as possible.
Intrinsic Shape Analysis in Archaeology: A Case Study on Ancient Sundials
Authors: Hanik Martin , Ducke Benjamin , Hege Hans-Christian , Fless Friederike , Tycowicz Christoph Von
Published: June 2023

The fact that the physical shapes of man-made objects are subject to overlapping influences—such as technological, economic, geographic, and stylistic progressions—holds great information potential. On the other hand, it is also a major analytical challenge to uncover these overlapping trends and to disentagle them in an
unbiased
way. This article explores a novel mathematical approach to extract archaeological insights from ensembles of similar artifact shapes. We show that by considering all shape information in a
find collection
, it is possible to identify shape patterns that would be difficult to discern by considering the artifacts individually or by classifying shapes into predefined archaeological types and analyzing the associated distinguishing characteristics.

Recently, a series of high-resolution digital representations of artifacts have become available. Such datasets enable the application of extremely sensitive and flexible methods of shape analysis. We explore this potential on a set of 3D models of ancient Greek and Roman sundials, with the aim of providing alternatives to the traditional archaeological method of “trend extraction by ordination” (typology).

In the proposed approach, each 3D shape is represented as a point in a
shape space
—a high-dimensional, curved, non-Euclidean space. Proper consideration of its mathematical properties reduces bias in data analysis and thus improves analytical power. By performing regression in shape space, we find that for Roman sundials, the bend of the shadow-receiving surface of the sundials changes with the latitude of the location. This suggests that, apart from the inscribed hour lines, also a sundial’s shape was adjusted to the place of installation. As an example of more advanced inference, we use the identified trend to infer the latitude at which a sundial, whose location of installation is unknown, was placed.

We also derive a novel method for differentiated morphological trend assertion, building upon and extending the theory of geometric statistics and shape analysis. Specifically, we present a regression-based method for statistical normalization of shapes that serves as a means of disentangling
parameter-dependent effects (trends)
and
unexplained variability
. In addition, we show that this approach is robust to noise in the digital reconstructions of the artifact shapes.
Identity in Higher Computer Education Research: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Große-bölting Gregor , Gerstenberger Dietrich , Gildehaus Lara , Mühling Andreas , Schulte Carsten
Published: June 2023

The disciplinary identity as a computer science student has recently received increasing attention as a well-developed subject identity can help with increasing retention, interest, and motivation. Besides, identity theory can serve as an analytical lens for issues around diversity. However, identity is also often perceived as a vague, overused concept with a variety of theories to build upon. In addition, connections to other topics, such as computer science conceptions, remain unclear and there seems to be little intra-disciplinary exchange about the concept. This article, therefore, attempts to provide a starting point by presenting a so far missing systematic literature review of identity in Computing Education Research (CER). We analyzed a corpus of 41 articles published since 2005 with a focus on the variety of identity theories that are used, the reasons for using them, and the overall theoretical framing of the concept in the CER literature up to this point. We use content analysis with both inductive and deductive coding to derive categories from the corpus to answer our research questions. The results show that there is less variety in the theories than originally expected, most publications refer to the theory of “Communities of Practice”. The reasons for employing identity theory are also rather canonical, in particular, there is only little theoretical development of the theories within CER and also only little empirical work. Finally, we also present an extended version of a computing identity that can be theoretically derived from the work in our corpus.
Deep4Ener: Energy Demand forecasting for Unseen Consumers with Scarce Data Using a Single Deep Learning Model
Authors: Chadoulos Spiros , Koutsopoulos Iordanis , Polyzos George C.
Published: June 2023

Forecasting the energy demand of individual consumers is a vital component of future smart energy grids since it enables energy-saving mechanisms such as Demand Response, activity scheduling, and prosumer energy markets. However, training a separate model with each consumer's available smart meter data can raise significant cold-start and scalability issues, despite the fact that personalization can be achieved in cases where the respective training sets have adequate data. Namely, making accurate forecasts for new consumers with limited historical data is challenging since a machine learning model requires a significant volume of data to be trained adequately, while scalability becomes an issue when the number of consumers increases. Training a single model on multiple consumers can mitigate these issues, hence we propose a single-model RNN-based deep learning architecture named Deep4Ener, for consumer-level energy demand forecasting, trained on multiple users and capable of making predictions for unseen consumers with scarce historical data that were not included in the training phase. Deep4Ener learns common energy demand characteristics among different consumers, by utilizing a novel architecture for energy profiling, including clustering, and an encoder neural network for feature extraction. Experiments with data from two open datasets show that Deep4Ener achieves high predictive performance both for known and completely new consumers, while outperforming the current state-of-the-art, namely one-model-per-consumer, standalone RNN, and Amazon's DeepAR approaches. Finally, we demonstrate that Deep4Ener shines when combined with Transfer Learning to further improve its forecasting performance on different energy demand consumers with limited data available.
Review—Primary Production of Aluminium with Oxygen Evolving Anodes
Authors: Padamata Sai Krishna , Singh Kamaljeet , Haarberg Geir Martin , Saevarsdottir Gudrun
Published: June 2023

Due to environmental and economic concerns, carbon-free aluminium production has been an ultimate goal for aluminium industries. For the past few decades, a considerable amount of research has been conducted to find an inert anode material that could replace the consumable carbon anodes for aluminium electrolysis. Anodic materials such as metals, ceramics and cermets have been studied extensively. All these anode materials have their advantages and disadvantages. However, metal alloys have proven effective due to their resistance to high-temperature corrosion and ability to produce a protective oxide layer. For a successful adaptation of metallic anodes into the aluminium electrolysis cell, an electrolyte with a low-operating temperature and high alumina solubility with good electrical conductivity is required. Another significant component of the carbon-free aluminium electrolysis cell is a wettable cathode to reduce the anode-cathode distance. This review discusses the research progress on inert anodes, wettable cathodes and electrolytes.
An Insight into the Magnetic Field Effects on Spin-Dependent Electrochemical Redox Reactions and Electroreduction Kinetic Parameters by Using a Magneto-Plasmonic Ag@Fe3O4 Sensing Nanoplatform
Authors: Anh Nguyen Tuan , Dinh Ngo Xuan , Huyen Nguyen Ngoc , Thi Lan Huong Phung , Phan Vu Ngoc , Thang Pham Duc , Van Tuan Hoang , Van Tan Tran , Lee Jaebeom , Le Anh-Tuan
Published: June 2023

In this study, the metallic-Ag@ferromagnetic-Fe3O4 nanoparticles has been used as a promising spintronics material to gain deeper insights into spintronics-related electrochemical reactions under the influence of an applied external magnetic field (MF) including spin polarization, spin transport, and spin selectivity. Ferrocyanide/ferricyanide ([Fe(CN)6]3‒/4‒), paracetamol (PCM), and chloramphenicol (CAP) were chosen as the suitable reactants for one-electron transfer reversible redox reaction, two-electron transfer quasireversible redox reaction, and four-electron transfer irreversible reaction at Ag@Fe3O4 modified electrodes, respectively. By using an external MF-assisted electrochemical platform and magneto-plasmonic Ag@Fe3O4 electrode to trigger spin polarizing, spin transporting, and spin selectivity effects in electrode reactions, the selective enhancement of the electro-reduction reaction in comparison with electro-oxidation reaction has been elucidated. The obtained experimental data along with calculated electrochemical kinetic parameters indicate that an applied external MF affects the electrochemical kinetics (electron transfer kinetics, electrocatalytic activity, and adsorption/diffusion capacity) of the one-, two-, and four-electron transfer processes in different ways. Considering the pronounced effects of magnetic field on overall electrochemical performance and intrinsic advantages of spintronics enhanced the electro-reduction reaction, these developed techniques could provide innovative strategies for the development of novel spin-dependent electrochemical sensing approaches.
Materialization of a Novel Decorated Nanowire Biosensor Platform Based on Field Effect Transistor under Electrochemical Gate Modulation
Authors: Shariati Mohsen , Sadeghi Mahdi , Khoshkhoo Sina Mohammadivand , Azimi Nazanin
Published: June 2023

The highly sensitive and cost-free field effect transistor (FET) biosensor for specific detection of DNA and streptavidin based on Zinc Oxide Nanowires (NWs) to develop the next generation biosensors in label-free approach under electrochemical gate modulation has been materialized. The electronic properties of NWs were changed by binding of charged analytes to NWs surface under electrochemical gate modulation. Due to highly chemically inertness, immobilization of the target analyte receptors on the NWs could be conducted through electrochemical treatment. For materialization of DNA binding, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were used to functionalize ZnO NWs surface. In this work, a liquid gated FET based on NWs was configured to detect the complementary DNA strand hybridization as well as the protein streptavidin at very low concentration. The biosensor could reach to sensitivity of attomolar. The sensitivity of response was check and biosensor showed the sensitivity ranges from 10−18 to 10−12 mol.L−1. The FET biosensor could distinguish a complementary strand from a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) containing strand. The limit of detection (LOD) reached to15 aM. The NPs decoration on the NWs surface brought about the high detection limit. The NPs decoration was being a promising method and scientific approach for biomolecules detection.
Friend or Foe: Factor XII Deficiency Discovered Incidentally during Management of NSTEMI
Authors: Beck Patrick J. , Benfield John , Morales Joshua
Published: June 2023

Factor XII (FXII) deficiency is a rare coagulopathy that typically goes undiagnosed due to the lack of abnormal bleeding or thrombosis. However, the accompanying prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) can create difficulties with maintaining therapeutic anticoagulation in the setting of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Here, we present the case of a 52-year-old man presenting with chest pain and diagnosed with an NSTEMI but also found with a prolonged baseline aPTT ultimately secondary to FXII deficiency. Here, we discuss the diagnostic work-up of an isolated prolonged aPTT to identify possible etiologies, such as FXII deficiency, and ultimately inform ACS management.
Design of an Enhanced Isolation 8-Unit MIMO Antenna for Smartphones Operating in 5G nR and LTE 42 Bands
Authors: Song Zhiwei , Miao Hongxiang , Xu Xiaoming , Wang Lu
Published: June 2023

A miniaturized enhanced isolation 8-unit MIMO antenna for smartphones is proposed in this paper. The units are planar inverted-F antennas with the same structure, and we use the slotting method and shorted probe to miniaturize them. The size of every unit is 14 × 6 mm2 (0.149 × 0.064λ2). We insert an L-shaped decoupling element into the middle of adjacent radiating elements and connect the decoupling element to the GND. Note that the decoupling elements are on the outer side of the substrate, and the radiating elements are on the inner side of the substrate. Finally, a prototype is fabricated and measured. The measured results show that the bandwidth of the MIMO antenna is from 3.0 GHz to 5.3 GHz (55.4%), which fully supports the n77, n78, and n79 in the 5G nR frequency band and the 4G LTE 42 frequency band (S11 less than −6 dB). The measured isolation of the MIMO antenna is greater than 25 dB by using the decoupling method in this paper. The envelope correlation coefficient of the proposed MIMO antenna is less than 0.08, its radiation efficiency is greater than 50%, and its gain is between 4.2 and 5.3 dBi in the whole operating frequency band.
Hazards and Treatment of Collapsible Loess Foundation on Ultrahigh Voltage Transmission Lines
Authors: Zhang Longfei , Hu Zaiqiang , Li Hongru , She Haicheng , Wang Xiaoliang , Han Xiaoning , Yang Xi
Published: June 2023

With the development of ultrahigh voltage transmission line construction in northwest China, an increasing number of overhead transmission lines are crossing the loess regions. Ensuring the stability of electricity transmission towers and mitigating the risk of collapse are crucial prerequisites for the construction of transmission lines. Taking the 750 kV demonstration electricity transmission line in Guanting–Lanzhou East as an example, representative loess samples were selected for compression and collapsing sensitivity tests. Four foundation treatment schemes were designed, and the wetting deformation characteristics were investigated through numerical simulation of the rainfall infiltration process. Corresponding optimisation schemes were proposed. The collapsing process was divided into four stages through laboratory collapsing tests. The relationship function between saturation and the Duncan–Chang model parameters of loess was established, which was introduced into the finite element model to consider the rainfall infiltration process. The analysis of the displacement field, and loess saturation field with time after rainfall infiltration for the four schemes showed that adding a lime-stabilised soil cushion layer and waterproof layer to the inclined column foundation had the best effect. Given that the design scheme needs to consider safety and economy, the thickness of the cushion layer was optimised, thereby reducing the use of lime-stabilised soil by 20%. Research findings provide meaningful guidance for the design of transmission tower foundations in loess areas.
Solvability of the System of Extended Nonlinear Mixed Variational-Like Inequalities and Proximal Dynamical System
Authors: Ahmad Iqbal , Rahaman Mijanur
Published: June 2023

In this article, our goal is to study the system of extended nonlinear mixed variational-like inequalities (in short, SENMVLI) with a nonconvex functional in the setting of real Hilbert spaces and discuss the existence of solution of our considered problem. We propose a three-step iterative algorithm to calculate the approximate solutions of SENMVLI and investigate the convergence analysis as well as stability analysis of the proposed algorithm. Furthermore, we also study the proximal dynamical system for SENMVLI and prove that the trajectory of the solution of the extended proximal dynamical system converges globally exponentially to a unique solution of SENMVLI. Our suggested iterative algorithm and results have become the significant improvement, enhancement, and generalization of many previously known results in the literature.
Tiroiditis subaguda asociada a COVID-19: revisión narrativa
Authors: Correa Valeria , Cabello Sebastián , Nilo Flavia , Cerda Lorca Jaime
Published: June 2023

La infección por SARS-CoV-2 podría gatillar la ocurrencia de numerosas patologías, algunas de ellas de tipo endocrinológico. Se presenta una revisión narrativa sobre la asociación entre COVID-19 y tiroiditis subaguda, en la que se describen aspectos epidemiológicos, fisiopatológicos, manifestaciones clínicas y de laboratorio, tratamiento y pronóstico. La prevalencia de alguna disfunción tiroidea en pacientes COVID-19 fluctúa entre 13 y 64%, específicamente en relación a tiroiditis subaguda se describe un cambio en la prevalencia de 0,5% a 10% entre los años 2019 y 2020. La tiroiditis subaguda se produce por la unión del virus SARS-CoV-2 con la enzima convertidora de angiotensina 2 (ACE-2) ampliamente expresada en la glándula tiroides, generando manifestaciones clínicas tipo tirotoxicosis, aunque la presentación de la tiroiditis subaguda asociada a COVID-19 puede ser atípica. Los elementos centrales del tratamiento son similares a los empleados ante cualquier tiroiditis subaguda. Se concluye la necesidad de considerar esta entidad en el diagnóstico diferencial de pacientes actual o previamente infectados por SARS-CoV-2 que presenten síndrome febril, elevación de parámetros inflamatorios o taquicardia persistente, sin etiología precisada.
Data from The DRD2 antagonist haloperidol mediates autophagy-induced ferroptosis to increase temozolomide sensitivity by promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress in glioblastoma
Authors: Shi Linyong , Chen Hanning , Chen Kunxiang , Zhong Chengzong , Song Chong , Huang Yifeng , Wang Tong , Chen Lei , Li Chiyang , Huang Annie , Li Hong , Lu Yuntao
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose:Temozolomide (TMZ) resistance remains a major obstacle in the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). The combination of TMZ with another agent could offer an improved treatment option if it could overcome chemoresistance and prevent side effects. Here, we determined the critical drug that cause ferroptosis in GBM cells and elucidated the possible mechanism by which drug combination overcomes chemoresistance. Experimental Design:Haloperidol/TMZ synergism was assessed in GBM cell lines with different DRD2 expression in vitro and in vivo. Inhibitors of ferroptosis, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress and cAMP/PKA were used to validate the specific mechanisms by which haloperidol and TMZ induce ferroptosis in GBM cells. Results: In the present work, we demonstrate that the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) level is increased by TMZ in a time-dependent manner and is inversely correlated with TMZ sensitivity in GBM. The DRD2 antagonist haloperidol (HP), a butylbenzene antipsychotic, markedly induces ferroptosis and effectively enhances TMZ efficacy in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, HP suppressed the effect of TMZ on cAMP by antagonizing DRD2 receptor activity, and the increases in cAMP/PKA triggered endoplasmic reticulum stress, which led to autophagy and ferroptosis. Furthermore, elevated autophagy mediates downregulation of FTH1 expression at the posttranslational level in an autophagy-dependent manner and ultimately leads to ferroptosis. Conclusions:Our results provide experimental evidence for repurposing HP as an effective adjunct therapy to inhibit adaptive TMZ resistance in order to enhance the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy in GBM, a strategy that may have broad prospects for clinical application.
Nos matizes da memória e da história: uma discussão sobre o folclore fantástico do Recife e seus lugares
Authors: Moura Célio Henrique Rocha , Lapa Tomás de Albuquerque , Araujo Felipe Moura Hemetério
Published: June 2023

Este artículo pretende discutir, a la luz de los textos referenciales de Pierre Nora (1993) y Ulpiano Bezerra de Meneses (1994), las concepciones de la historia y la memoria, insertándolas en la discusión del folclore de la ciudad. Este patrimonio colectivo está representado aquí por las leyendas de lo sobrenatural en Recife, abordadas por la literatura local. Entre la historia y la memoria se establece una clara distinción por los intereses de los grupos tradicionales que detentan el poder y las relaciones sociales de una colectividad que están intrínsecamente relacionadas con los fenómenos. Así, para leer una realidad social, hay que interpelar a los interlocutores responsables de su comunicación. En este contexto, el folclore se presenta como un campo fértil para el debate sobre el poder de lo vernáculo y lo popular para construir narrativas basadas en la memoria colectiva.
Toward Automated Detection of Silent Cerebral Infarcts in Children and Young Adults With Sickle Cell Anemia
Authors: Chen Yasheng , Wang Yan , Phuah Chia-Ling , Fields Melanie E. , Guilliams Kristin P. , Fellah Slim , Reis Martin N. , Binkley Michael M. , An Hongyu , Lee Jin-Moo , McKinstry Robert C. , Jordan Lori C. , DeBaun Michael R. , Ford Andria L.
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND:

Silent cerebral infarcts (SCI) in sickle cell anemia (SCA) are associated with future strokes and cognitive impairment, warranting early diagnosis and treatment. Detection of SCI, however, is limited by their small size, especially when neuroradiologists are unavailable. We hypothesized that deep learning may permit automated SCI detection in children and young adults with SCA as a tool to identify the presence and extent of SCI in clinical and research settings.

METHODS:

We utilized UNet—a deep learning model—for fully automated SCI segmentation. We trained and optimized UNet using brain magnetic resonance imaging from the SIT trial (Silent Infarct Transfusion). Neuroradiologists provided the ground truth for SCI diagnosis, while a vascular neurologist manually delineated SCI on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and provided the ground truth for SCI segmentation. UNet was optimized for the highest spatial overlap between automatic and manual delineation (dice similarity coefficient). The optimized UNet was externally validated using an independent single-center prospective cohort of SCA participants. Model performance was evaluated through sensitivity and accuracy (%correct cases) for SCI diagnosis, dice similarity coefficient, intraclass correlation coefficient (metric of volumetric agreement), and Spearman correlation.

RESULTS:

The SIT trial (n=926; 31% with SCI; median age, 8.9 years) and external validation (n=80; 50% with SCI; age, 11.5 years) cohorts had small median lesion volumes of 0.40 and 0.25 mL, respectively. Compared with the neuroradiology diagnosis, UNet predicted SCI presence with 100% sensitivity and 74% accuracy. In magnetic resonance imaging with SCI, UNet reached a moderate spatial agreement (dice similarity coefficient, 0.48) and high volumetric agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.76; ρ=0.72;
P
<0.001) between automatic and manual segmentations.

CONCLUSIONS:

UNet, trained using a large pediatric SCA magnetic resonance imaging data set, sensitively detected small SCI in children and young adults with SCA. While additional training is needed, UNet may be integrated into the clinical workflow as a screening tool, aiding in SCI diagnosis.
Maneuvering between Baghdad and Tehran: North Korea's Relations with Iraq and Iran during the Cold War
Authors: Szalontai Balázs , Jinil Yoo
Published: June 2023

This article explores how North Korean leaders tried to maneuver between Iran and Iraq to gain greater leverage in the Cold War. Both of these Middle Eastern countries seemed potentially attractive partners for Pyongyang, but they were often on hostile terms with each other. The article considers how the Iraq-Iran rivalry and domestic changes in Iraq and Iran affected North Korean policy. Even when Pyongyang's cooperation with one or the other of the two states reached a high level, the North Koreans also reached out to the other country, regardless of the position of either state and of external actors such as the Soviet Union and China. The North Koreans generally avoided taking a public stand on the Iraq-Iran dispute, but on occasion they became more deeply involved. Mainly, the North Korean government sought to maximize the number of its partners, rather than to make a stable commitment to just one state. In turn, both Iraq and Iran eventually came to perceive North Korea as a state that was mostly out to benefit itself rather than helping either of them.
The Eyes and Ears of the Dragon: Open-Source Intelligence and Chinese Foreign Policy during the Cold War
Authors: Jiang Huajie , Minami Kazushi
Published: June 2023

Drawing on recently declassified Chinese sources, this article traces the history of open-source intelligence (OSINT) research in the PRC and discusses its impact on Chinese foreign policymaking during the Cold War. From the time the Fourth Bureau of the Central Investigation Department (CID) was founded, it was headed by veteran intelligence expert Xue Qiao, who collected and analyzed OSINT to produce intelligence estimates for Chinese political leaders. These intelligence estimates covered a host of global and regional topics crucial for Chinese foreign policy, including U.S. politics and foreign policy, decolonization movements in the Third World, and political and economic developments around the world. Available evidence shows that politics and ideology marred the quality of China's OSINT research. When Mao Zedong launched the Great Leap Forward in the late 1950s, the CID's intelligence estimates were distorted to advance his radical political agenda. Later on, China's intelligence research came under attack during Mao's Cultural Revolution. Kang Sheng and other radicals attacked OSINT analysts as traitors, and the CID ceased to function in the late 1960s and 1970s. After Mao's death, the CID was revived, but its intelligence estimates no longer served the new Chinese leader, Deng Xiaoping. Deng's personal tension with CID Director Luo Qingchang, who had criticized him during the Cultural Revolution, hindered the CID's estimates. This political schism in the post-Mao years contributed to the CID's dissolution in 1983.
Hanoi's Balancing Act: The Vietnamese Communists and the Sino-Soviet Split, 1960–1965
Authors: You Lan
Published: June 2023

The split between the Soviet Union and China had a great impact on other Communist countries, including the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV, or North Vietnam), under the leadership of the Vietnamese Workers’ Party (VWP). As the rift between the PRC and the Soviet Union intensified, the VWP tried hard to balance between the two Communist powers so that it could focus on the war against the United States and the conquest of the South. Interactions between the DRV, China, and the Soviet Union highlighted the frequently complex nature of relations within the Communist world during the Cold War.