bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetized black holes and nonlinear electrodynamics
Authors: Kruglov S. I.
Published: August 2017

A new model of nonlinear electrodynamics with two parameters is proposed. We study the phenomenon of vacuum birefringence, the causality and unitarity in this model. There is no singularity of the electric field in the center of pointlike charges and the total electrostatic energy is finite. We obtain corrections to the Coulomb law at [Formula: see text]. The weak, dominant and strong energy conditions are investigated. Magnetized charged black hole is considered and we evaluate the mass, metric function and their asymptotic at [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The magnetic mass of the black hole is calculated. The thermodynamic properties and thermal stability of regular black holes are discussed. We calculate the Hawking temperature of black holes and show that there are first-order and second-order phase transitions. The parameters of the model when the black hole is stable are found.
Luminescence and cathodoluminescent properties of monoclinic Y2WO6 co-doped with Dy-Bi
Authors: Hu Peiju , Zhang Wei , Hu Zhengfa , Feng Zuyong , Ma Lun , Zhang Xiuping , Sheng Xia , Luo Li , Wang Yinhai
Published: August 2017

Dy-Bi co-doped yttrium tungstate crystal materials were synthesized by high temperature solid-state method. To reveal the photoluminescence features and properties of the samples, some measurements have been taken. It turned out that different Bi[Formula: see text] concentrations play obvious influence in emission performance, and show visible light emission under ultraviolet light excitation. Besides, the effect of temperature on phase structure of samples has also been studied here. Superhigh X-ray luminescence of the phosphors exhibited the promising application in the field of high energy detection. The X-ray irradiation crystal resistance stability of the phosphors has also been investigated through the subsequent testing of XRD and spectra.
Asymptotically simple spacetimes and mass loss due to gravitational waves
Authors: Saw Vee-Liem
Published: August 2017

The cosmological constant [Formula: see text] used to be a freedom in Einstein’s theory of general relativity (GR), where one had a proclivity to set it to zero purely for convenience. The signs of [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] being zero would describe universes with different properties. For instance, the conformal structure of spacetime directly depends on [Formula: see text]: null infinity [Formula: see text] is a spacelike, null, or timelike hypersurface, if [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], or [Formula: see text], respectively. Recent observations of distant supernovae have taught us that our universe expands at an accelerated rate, and this can be accounted for by choosing [Formula: see text] in Einstein’s theory of GR. A quantity that depends on the conformal structure of spacetime, especially on the nature of [Formula: see text], is the Bondi mass which in turn dictates the mass loss of an isolated gravitating system due to energy carried away by gravitational waves. This problem of extending the Bondi mass to a universe with [Formula: see text] has spawned intense research activity over the past several years. Some aspects include a closer inspection on the conformal properties, working with linearization, attempts using a Hamiltonian formulation based on “linearized” asymptotic symmetries, as well as obtaining the general asymptotic solutions of de Sitter-like spacetimes. We consolidate on the progress thus far from the various approaches that have been undertaken, as well as discuss the current open problems and possible directions in this area.
A role for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in the nitric oxide-dependent release of Cl− from acidic organelles in amacrine cells
Authors: Krishnan Vijai , Maddox J. Wesley , Rodriguez Tyler , Gleason Evanna
Published: August 2017

γ-Amino butyric acid (GABA) and glycine typically mediate synaptic inhibition because their ligand-gated ion channels support the influx of Cl−. However, the electrochemical gradient for Cl− across the postsynaptic plasma membrane determines the voltage response of the postsynaptic cell. Typically, low cytosolic Cl− levels support inhibition, whereas higher levels of cytosolic Cl− can suppress inhibition or promote depolarization. We previously reported that nitric oxide (NO) releases Cl− from acidic organelles and transiently elevates cytosolic Cl−, making the response to GABA and glycine excitatory. In this study, we test the hypothesis that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is involved in the NO-dependent efflux of organellar Cl−. We first establish the mRNA and protein expression of CFTR in our model system, cultured chick retinal amacrine cells. Using whole cell voltage-clamp recordings of currents through GABA-gated Cl− channels, we examine the effects of pharmacological inhibition of CFTR on the NO-dependent release of internal Cl−. To interfere with the expression of CFTR, we used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 genome editing. We find that both pharmacological inhibition and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockdown of CFTR block the ability of NO to release Cl− from internal stores. These results demonstrate that CFTR is required for the NO-dependent efflux of Cl− from acidic organelles.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Although CFTR function has been studied extensively in the context of epithelia, relatively little is known about its function in neurons. We show that CFTR is involved in an NO-dependent release of Cl− from acidic organelles. This internal function of CFTR is particularly relevant to neuronal physiology because postsynaptic cytosolic Cl− levels determine the outcome of GABA- and glycinergic synaptic signaling. Thus the CFTR may play a role in regulating synaptic transmission.
SHMF: Interest Prediction Model with Social Hub Matrix Factorization
Authors: Cui Chaoyuan , Wang Hongze , Wu Yun , Gao Sen , Yan Shu
Published: August 2017

With the development of social networks, microblog has become the major social communication tool. There is a lot of valuable information such as personal preference, public opinion, and marketing in microblog. Consequently, research on user interest prediction in microblog has a positive practical significance. In fact, how to extract information associated with user interest orientation from the constantly updated blog posts is not so easy. Existing prediction approaches based on probabilistic factor analysis use blog posts published by user to predict user interest. However, these methods are not very effective for the users who post less but browse more. In this paper, we propose a new prediction model, which is called SHMF, using social hub matrix factorization. SHMF constructs the interest prediction model by combining the information of blogs posts published by both user and direct neighbors in user’s social hub. Our proposed model predicts user interest by integrating user’s historical behavior and temporal factor as well as user’s friendships, thus achieving accurate forecasts of user’s future interests. The experimental results on Sina Weibo show the efficiency and effectiveness of our proposed model.
A Comparative Study of Reliability-Ignorant and Reliability-Aware Energy Management Schemes Using UPPAAL-SMC
Authors: Shengxin Dai , Mei Hong , Bing Guo
Published: August 2017

Energy saving and high reliability are two key concerns in the design of real time systems. However, high reliability and low energy consumption are conflicting objects, and they are generally contrasted with temporal correctness. In this paper, we propose comparing reliability-ignorant and reliability-aware power management schemes with statistical model checking approach using UPPAAL-SMC. The power management schemes and the relevant components are modeled in the form of stochastic timed automata. And the analysis objectives are expressed as verification queries. With the model and queries as inputs, UPPAAL-SMC returns the probability of system failure and the expected value of energy consumption. In this analysis, we have considered three reliability-ignorant power management schemes and two reliability-aware power management schemes. Based on the comparative study, we provided guidelines for choosing the suitable scheme for a given system. One thing that should be emphasized is that our methodology is not limited to the schemes involved in this paper. The modeling and evaluating procedure can be applied to analyse other energy management schemes in practical application.
Formation and Physical Properties of h-BN Atomic Layers: A First-Principles Density-Functional Study
Authors: Fujimoto Yoshitaka
Published: August 2017

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) atomic layers have attracted much attention as a potential device material for future nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, and spintronics applications. This review aims to describe the recent works of the first-principles density-functional study on h-BN layers. We show physical properties induced by introduction of various kinds of defects in h-BN layers. We further discuss the relationship among the defect size, the strain, and the magnetic as well as the electronic properties.
Physical Properties Investigation of Reduced Graphene Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Material Inkjet Printing
Authors: Schmiedova Veronika , Pospisil Jan , Kovalenko Alexander , Ashcheulov Petr , Fekete Ladislav , Cubon Tomas , Kotrusz Peter , Zmeskal Oldrich , Weiter Martin
Published: August 2017

The article is focused on the study of the optical properties of inkjet-printed graphene oxide (GO) layers by spectroscopic ellipsometry. Due to its unique optical and electrical properties, GO can be used as, for example, a transparent and flexible electrode material in organic and printed electronics. Spectroscopic ellipsometry was used to characterize the optical response of the GO layer and its reduced form (rGO, obtainable, for example, by reduction of prepared layers by either annealing, UV radiation, or chemical reduction) in the visible range. The thicknesses of the layers were determined by a mechanical profilometer and used as an input parameter for optical modeling. Ellipsometric spectra were analyzed according to the dispersion model and the influence of the reduction of GO on optical constants is discussed. Thus, detailed analysis of the ellipsometric data provides a unique tool for qualitative and also quantitative description of the optical properties of GO thin films for electronic applications.
Prediction Interval Construction for Byproduct Gas Flow Forecasting Using Optimized Twin Extreme Learning Machine
Authors: Sun Xueying , Wang Zhuo , Hu Jingtao
Published: August 2017

Prediction of byproduct gas flow is of great significance to gas system scheduling in iron and steel plants. To quantify the associated prediction uncertainty, a two‐step approach based on optimized twin extreme learning machine (ELM) is proposed to construct prediction intervals (PIs). In the first step, the connection weights of the twin ELM are pretrained using a pair of symmetric weighted objective functions. In the second step, output weights of the twin ELM are further optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO). The objective function is designed to comprehensively evaluate PIs based on their coverage probability, width, and deviation. The capability of the proposed method is validated using four benchmark datasets and two real‐world byproduct gas datasets. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach constructs higher quality prediction intervals than the other three conventional methods.
Thermodynamic Study of Tl6SBr4 Compound and Some Regularities in Thermodynamic Properties of Thallium Chalcohalides
Authors: Babanly Dunya Mahammad , Huseynov Qorkhmaz Mansur , Aliev Ziya Saxaveddin , Tagiyev Dilgam Babir , Babanly Mahammad Baba
Published: August 2017

The solid-phase diagram of the Tl-TlBr-S system was clarified and the fundamental thermodynamic properties of Tl6SBr4 compound were studied on the basis of electromotive force (EMF) measurements of concentration cells relative to a thallium electrode. The EMF results were used to calculate the relative partial thermodynamic functions of thallium in alloys and the standard integral thermodynamic functions (-ΔfG0, -ΔfH0, and S0298) of Tl6SBr4 compound. All data regarding thermodynamic properties of thallium chalcogen-halides are generalized and comparatively analyzed. Consequently, certain regularities between thermodynamic functions of thallium chalcogen-halides and their binary constituents as well as degree of ionization (DI) of chemical bonding were revealed.
Acyclic Sesquiterpenes from the Fruit Pericarp of Sapindus saponaria Induce Ultrastructural Alterations and Cell Death in Leishmania amazonensis
Authors: Moreira Amanda Louzano , Scariot Débora Botura , Pelegrini Bruna Luíza , Pessini Greisiele Lorena , Ueda-Nakamura Tânia , Nakamura Celso Vataru , Ferreira Izabel Cristina Piloto
Published: August 2017

Previous studies reported antiprotozoal activities of Sapindus saponaria L. The aim of this work was the evaluation of antileishmanial activity and mechanism of action of extract and fractions of S. saponaria L. Hydroethanolic extract (EHA) obtained from fruit pericarps was fractionated using solid‐phase extraction in a reversed phase, resulting in fractions enriched with saponins (SAP fraction) and acyclic sesquiterpene oligoglycosides (OGSA fraction). The activities of EHA, SAP, and OGSA were evaluated by antiproliferative assays with promastigote and intracellular amastigote forms. Cytotoxicity on macrophages and hemolytic activity were also analyzed. Morphological and ultrastructural changes in Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes were evaluated by electron microscopy. Flow cytometry was used to investigate mitochondrial dysfunction and phosphatidylserine exposure. OGSA was more selective for parasites than mammalian J774A1 macrophage cells, with selectivity indices of 3.79 and 7.35, respectively. Our results showed that only the OGSA fraction did not present hemolytic activity at its IC50 for promastigote growth. Electron microscopy revealed changes in parasite flagellum, cell body shape, and organelle size, mainly mitochondria. Flow cytometry analysis indicated mitochondrial membrane and cell membrane dysfunction. OGSA showed antileishmanial activity, resulting in several changes to protozoa cells, including mitochondrial depolarization and early phosphatidylserine exposure, suggesting a possible apoptotic induction.
Quantification of Uncertainty in Mathematical Models: The Statistical Relationship between Field and Laboratory pH Measurements
Authors: Benke Kurt K. , Robinson Nathan J.
Published: August 2017

The measurement of soil pH using a field portable test kit represents a fast and inexpensive method to assess pH. Field based pH methods have been used extensively for agricultural advisory services and soil survey and now for citizen soil science projects. In the absence of laboratory measurements, there is a practical need to model the laboratory pH as a function of the field pH to increase the density of data for soil research studies and Digital Soil Mapping. The accuracy and uncertainty in pH field measurements were investigated for soil samples from regional Victoria in Australia using both linear and sigmoidal models. For samples in water and CaCl2 at 1 : 5 dilutions, sigmoidal models provided improved accuracy over the full range of field pH values in comparison to linear models (i.e., pH < 5 or pH > 9). The uncertainty in the field results was quantified by the 95% confidence interval (CI) and 95% prediction interval (PI) for the models, with 95% CI < 0.25 pH units and 95% PI = ±1.3 pH units, respectively. It was found that the Pearson criterion for robust regression analysis can be considered as an alternative to the orthodox least-squares modelling approach because it is more effective in addressing outliers in legacy data.
Herbal Medicines: Personal Use, Knowledge, Attitude, Dispensing Practice, and the Barriers among Community Pharmacists in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Asmelashe Gelayee Dessalegn , Binega Mekonnen Gashaw , Asrade Atnafe Seyfe , Birarra Mequanent Kassa , Asrie Assefa Belay
Published: August 2017

Background. Herbal medicine use is increasing and the global market is estimated to be US$107 billion by the year 2017. Objectives. This study aimed at assessing community pharmacists’ personal use, knowledge, attitude, dispensing practice, and the barriers regarding herbal medicines. Methods. Institution based cross‐sectional study was conducted among 47 community pharmacists in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia, using a structured interviewing questionnaire. Results. Nearly half of the respondents (n = 22, 46.8%) sometimes use herbal medicines. Although knowledge related to such preparations was self‐rated as poor/acceptable (n = 34, 72.4%), majority (n = 44, 93.7%) of community pharmacists agree/strongly agree that herbal medicines have beneficial effects. Only 6 (12.7%) of them are sometimes/often engaged in dispensing herbal medicines and most of them (n = 34, 72.3%) rarely/never counseled clients regarding these preparations. Limited knowledge on and access to information regarding herbal medicines are the main barriers to the pharmacists’ practice. Conclusion. Although community pharmacists in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia, commonly use and demonstrated good attitude towards herbal medicines, they are less involved in dispensing such products. They are also challenged with limited knowledge on and access to herbal medicine information. Thus, pharmacy educators, professional organizations, and the government shall pay more attention to solve the problem. Regulatory provisions on herbal medicine dispensing must be enacted and communicated very well.
Vaginal Urinary Calculi Formation Secondary to Vaginal Mesh Exposure with Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Griffiths Kara M. , Towers Geoffrey D. , Yaklic Jerome L.
Published: August 2017

Background. Vaginal stones may form in the setting of mesh exposure with urinary incontinence. This report serves to help understand the presentation, evaluation, and management of vaginal urinary stones.Case. A 68-year-old female presented with a vaginal calculus. She had a history of anterior and posterior polypropylene mesh placement for prolapse 7 years earlier and urinary incontinence. The stone was identified on a portion of exposed mesh and removed in office. Pathology confirmed urinary etiology. The exposed mesh resolved with topical estrogen. Cystourethroscopy excluded urinary fistula and bladder mesh erosion.Conclusions. When identified, a vaginal calculus should be removed and evaluated for composition. Cystourethroscopy should be performed to assess potential urinary tract fistulas and mesh erosion. Additional imaging should be considered.
Accidental Intrathecal Administration of Digoxin in an Elderly Male with End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Martin Claudia , Park Kitae Kevin , Liu Antonio
Published: August 2017

The systemic effects of digoxin toxicity have been well-known. However, there has been no case citing the effects of intrathecal digoxin in light of end-stage renal disease in the elderly. Here, we report on the case of the successful management of accidental intrathecal digoxin administration in an elderly male with end-stage renal disease.
Low‐Dose Ionizing Radiation Affects Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Extracellular Oxidized Cell‐Free DNA: A Possible Mediator of Bystander Effect and Adaptive Response
Authors: Sergeeva V. A. , Ershova E. S. , Veiko N. N. , Malinovskaya E. M. , Kalyanov A. A. , Kameneva L. V. , Stukalov S. V. , Dolgikh O. A. , Konkova M. S. , Ermakov A. V. , Veiko V. P. , Izhevskaya V. L. , Kutsev S. I. , Kostyuk S. V.
Published: August 2017

We have hypothesized that the adaptive response to low doses of ionizing radiation (IR) is mediated by oxidized cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) fragments. Here, we summarize our experimental evidence for this model. Studies involving measurements of ROS, expression of the NOX (superoxide radical production), induction of apoptosis and DNA double‐strand breaks, antiapoptotic gene expression and cell cycle inhibition confirm this hypothesis. We have demonstrated that treatment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with low doses of IR (10 cGy) leads to cell death of part of cell population and release of oxidized cfDNA. cfDNA has the ability to penetrate into the cytoplasm of other cells. Oxidized cfDNA, like low doses of IR, induces oxidative stress, ROS production, ROS‐induced oxidative modifications of nuclear DNA, DNA breaks, arrest of the cell cycle, activation of DNA reparation and antioxidant response, and inhibition of apoptosis. The MSCs pretreated with low dose of irradiation or oxidized cfDNA were equally effective in induction of adaptive response to challenge further dose of radiation. Our studies suggest that oxidized cfDNA is a signaling molecule in the stress signaling that mediates radiation‐induced bystander effects and that it is an important component of the development of radioadaptive responses to low doses of IR.
IgG4-Related Kidney Disease: Report of a Case Presenting as a Renal Mass
Authors: Bianchi Daniele , Topazio Luca , Gaziev Gabriele , Iacovelli Valerio , Bove Pierluigi , Mauriello Alessandro , Finazzi Agrò Enrico
Published: August 2017

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a nosological entity defined as a chronic immune-mediated fibro-inflammatory condition characterized by a tendency to form tumefactive, tissue-destructive lesions or by organ failure. Urologic involvement in IgG4-RD has been described in some short series of patients and in isolated case reports, most often involving the kidneys in so-called IgG4-related kidney disease (IgG4-RKD). The disease can occasionally mimic malignancies and is at risk of being misdiagnosed due to its rarity. We report the case of a 56-year-old man presenting with a right renal mass suspected of being malignant. Laboratory tests showed normal creatinine levels, a high erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and high levels of C-reactive protein and microalbuminuria. The patient underwent radical right nephroureterectomy and histopathologic examination revealed features proving IgG4-RKD. He was therefore referred to immunologists. Typical clinical presentation of IgG4-RKD includes altered renal function with inconstant or no radiologic findings. Conversely, in the case we presented, a single nodule was detected upon imaging evaluation, thus mimicking malignancy. This raises the issue of a proper differential diagnosis. A multidisciplinary approach can be useful, although in clinical practice the selection of patients suspected of having IgG4-RKD is critical in the cases presenting with a renal mass that mimics malignancy.
Monocarboxylate Transporter MCT1 Promotes Tumor Metastasis Independently of Its Activity as a Lactate Transporter
Authors: Payen Valéry L. , Hsu Myriam Y. , Rädecke Kristin S. , Wyart Elisabeth , Vazeille Thibaut , Bouzin Caroline , Porporato Paolo E. , Sonveaux Pierre
Published: August 2017

Extracellular acidosis resulting from intense metabolic activities in tumors promotes cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Although host cells die at low extracellular pH, cancer cells resist, as they are well equipped with transporters and enzymes to regulate intracellular pH homeostasis. A low extracellular pH further activates proteolytic enzymes that remodel the extracellular matrix to facilitate cell migration and invasion. Monocarboxylate transporter MCT1 is a passive transporter of lactic acid that has attracted interest as a target for small-molecule drugs to prevent metastasis. In this study, we present evidence of a function for MCT1 in metastasis beyond its role as a transporter of lactic acid. MCT1 activates transcription factor NF-κB to promote cancer cell migration independently of MCT1 transporter activity. Although pharmacologic MCT1 inhibition did not modulate MCT1-dependent cancer cell migration, silencing or genetic deletion of MCT1 in vivo inhibited migration, invasion, and spontaneous metastasis. Our findings raise the possibility that pharmacologic inhibitors of MCT1-mediated lactic acid transport may not effectively prevent metastatic dissemination of cancer cells. Cancer Res; 77(20); 5591–601. ©2017 AACR.
Targeting TAO Kinases Using a New Inhibitor Compound Delays Mitosis and Induces Mitotic Cell Death in Centrosome Amplified Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Koo Chuay-Yeng , Giacomini Caterina , Reyes-Corral Marta , Olmos Yolanda , Tavares Ignatius A. , Marson Charles M. , Linardopoulos Spiros , Tutt Andrew N. , Morris Jonathan D.H.
Published: August 2017

Thousand-and-one amino acid kinases (TAOK) 1 and 2 are activated catalytically during mitosis and can contribute to mitotic cell rounding and spindle positioning. Here, we characterize a compound that inhibits TAOK1 and TAOK2 activity with IC50 values of 11 to 15 nmol/L, is ATP-competitive, and targets these kinases selectively. TAOK inhibition or depletion in centrosome-amplified SKBR3 or BT549 breast cancer cell models increases the mitotic population, the percentages of mitotic cells displaying amplified centrosomes and multipolar spindles, induces cell death, and inhibits cell growth. In contrast, nontumorigenic and dividing bipolar MCF-10A breast cells appear less dependent on TAOK activity and can complete mitosis and proliferate in the presence of the TAOK inhibitor. We demonstrate that TAOK1 and TAOK2 localize to the cytoplasm and centrosomes respectively during mitosis. Live cell imaging shows that the TAOK inhibitor prolongs the duration of mitosis in SKBR3 cells, increases mitotic cell death, and reduces the percentages of cells exiting mitosis, whereas MCF-10A cells continue to divide and proliferate. Over 80% of breast cancer tissues display supernumerary centrosomes, and tumor cells frequently cluster extra centrosomes to avoid multipolar mitoses and associated cell death. Consequently, drugs that stimulate centrosome declustering and induce multipolarity are likely to target dividing centrosome-amplified cancer cells preferentially, while sparing normal bipolar cells. Our results demonstrate that TAOK inhibition can enhance centrosome declustering and mitotic catastrophe in cancer cells, and these proteins may therefore offer novel therapeutic targets suitable for drug inhibition and the potential treatment of breast cancers, where supernumerary centrosomes occur. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(11); 2410–21. ©2017 AACR.
Attitudes to Ageing and Change in Frailty Status: The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Gale Catharine R. , Cooper Cyrus
Published: August 2017

Background: Older people with more negative attitudes to ageing are at increased risk of several adverse outcomes, including decline in physical function and increased difficulties with activities of daily living. Objective: We investigated whether negative attitudes to ageing increase the risk of the onset or progression of frailty. Method: Participants were 3,505 men and women aged 60 years and over from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. They completed a 12-item questionnaire on attitudes to ageing. Exploratory factor analysis was used to examine the structure of these items, and a single factor was derived which we labelled “physical and psychological loss.” Frailty was assessed by the Fried phenotype of physical frailty at waves 2 and 4, and by a frailty index at waves 2-5. Results: Having a more positive attitude to ageing as regards “physical and psychological loss” was associated with a decreased risk of becoming physically frail or pre-frail at follow-up. For a standard deviation increment in score, the relative risk ratios (95% confidence interval), adjusted for age, sex and baseline level of physical frailty, were 0.86 (0.79, 0.94) for pre-frailty and 0.72 (0.63, 0.83) for frailty. Further adjustment for other potential confounding variables had only slight attenuating effects on these associations: multivariable-adjusted relative risk ratios were 0.89 (0.81, 0.98) for pre-frailty and 0.78 (0.68, 0.91) for frailty. Attitude to ageing was not associated with change in the frailty index over time after adjustment for potential confounding variables. Conclusion: Older people who have a more positive attitude to ageing are at reduced risk of becoming physically frail or pre-frail. Future research needs to replicate this finding and discover the underlying mechanisms. Attitude to ageing was not a risk factor for change in the more broadly defined frailty index.
Early and Late Histological and Ultrastructural Findings in Resected Infantile Capillary Hemangiomas Following Treatment with Topical Beta-Blocker Timolol Maleate 0.5%
Authors: Sipkova Zuzana , Xue Kanmin , Mudhar Hardeep S. , Wagner Bart , Hildebrand Göran Darius
Published: August 2017

Background: Infantile capillary hemangiomas (IHs) affect approximately 4-5% of infants. The systemic nonselective β-adrenergic antagonist, propranolol, has become the standard first-line treatment for severe IHs. The topical β-antagonist, timolol maleate, has also demonstrated efficacy and safety in treating superficial and some deep capillary hemangiomas. Despite their therapeutic success and prevalent use, the mechanism of action of β-adrenergic antagonists in the treatment of IHs is not well understood. Methods: Histopathological and electron microscopic evaluation of two periocular IHs excised at 1 week and 24 months following topical timolol treatment was performed. Results: Distinct morphological differences were observed between spontaneously regressed and β-antagonist-treated IHs. The former was characterized by diffuse collagen deposition and interstitial fibrosis, while the latter showed organized concentric collagen IV deposition within obliterated vessel lumen, suggestive of waves of endothelial cell apoptosis, leaving behind layers of basement membrane deposits as a stress response. Conclusions: Based on these observations, we hypothesize that, apart from their well-known cardiac and vasodilatory effects, β-antagonists could induce endothelial cell apoptosis in IH leading to endovascular occlusion and we present supporting evidence to explain why this response might be specific to hypoxic tissue.
Plasma BDNF Level in Major Depression: Biomarker of the Val66Met BDNF Polymorphism and of the Clinical Course in Met Carrier Patients
Authors: Colle Romain , Trabado Séverine , David Denis J. , Brailly-Tabard Sylvie , Hardy Patrick , Falissard Bruno , Fève Bruno , Becquemont Laurent , Verstuyft Céline , Corruble Emmanuelle
Published: August 2017

Aims: Despite the involvement of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the physiopathology of major depressive disorder (MDD), the coherence between the components of the BDNF pathway and their link with the clinical features of MDD are insufficiently studied. We aimed to assess in Caucasian depressed patients the impact of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on plasma BDNF levels taking into account the clinical characteristics of MDD. Methods: A total of 328 Caucasian adult MDD patients with a current major depressive episode (MDE) were assessed for the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism, plasma BDNF levels and clinical characteristics of the MDD. Results: Plasma BDNF levels were linearly associated with the BDNF Val66Met genotypes (ValVal: 1,525.9 ± 1,183.3 pg/mL vs. ValMet: 1,248.7 ± 1,081.8 vs. MetMet: 1,004.9 ± 952.8; p = 0.04), Met carriers having lower BDNF levels than ValVal ones. Significant interactions between the Val66Met polymorphism and 3 clinical characteristics - age at onset (p = 0.03), MDD duration (p = 0.04), and number of previous MDE (p = 0.04) - were evidenced for plasma BDNF levels. Indeed, in Met carriers, but not in ValVal ones, plasma BDNF levels were negatively correlated with age at onset and positively correlated with MDD duration and number of previous MDE. Conclusion: Our results show a measurable, coherent, and functional BDNF pathway based on the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and plasma BDNF levels in patients with a current MDE. This pathway is related to the clinical course of major depression, plasma BDNF levels being associated with the long-term history of MDD in Met carriers. Further studies assessing central BDNF are needed to understand the underlying mechanisms of this association.
Cerebrospinal Fluid TAR DNA-Binding Protein 43 Combined with Tau Proteins as a Candidate Biomarker for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Bourbouli Mara , Rentzos Michael , Bougea Anastasia , Zouvelou Vasiliki , Constantinides Vasilios C. , Zaganas Ioannis , Evdokimidis Ioannis , Kapaki Elisabeth , Paraskevas George P.
Published: August 2017

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are nowadays recognized as spectrum disorders with a molecular link, the TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), rendering it a surrogate biomarker for these disorders. Methods: We measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of TDP-43, beta-amyloid peptide with 42 amino acids (Aβ42), total tau protein (τT), and tau protein phosphorylated at threonine 181 (τP-181) in 32 patients with ALS, 51 patients with FTD, and 17 healthy controls. Double-sandwich commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used for measurements. Results: Both ALS and FTD patients presented with higher TDP-43 and τT levels compared to the control group. The combination of biomarkers in the form of the TDP-43 × τT / τP-181 formula achieved the best discrimination between ALS or FTD and controls, with sensitivities and specificities >0.8. Conclusion: Combined analysis of TDP-43, τT, and τP-181 in CSF may be useful for the antemortem diagnosis of ALS and FTD.
Unexpected Aphasia following Right Temporal Lobectomy as Treatment of Recurrent Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus
Authors: Uysal Utku , Landazuri Patrick , Pearson Caleb , Mittal Manoj , Hammond Nancy
Published: August 2017

Background: Super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) is a critical neurological condition with a high mortality rate. There are only limited data to direct the treatment in SRSE, and surgery has been reported to successfully stop SRSE. We present a case of recurrent SRSE treated with urgent right temporal lobectomy in a right-handed woman which potentially saved her life but resulted in crossed sensory aphasia. Case Description: A 61-year-old woman with a recent episode of prolonged focal SRSE due to right frontotemporal meningioma and hyperkalemia was admitted for recurrence of seizures that evolved to SRSE despite aggressive treatment with multiple fosphenytoin antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and anesthetics. The patient underwent a right temporal lobectomy to remove the encephalomalacic and gliotic tissue around the meningioma that had been resected during a previous admission. Postoperatively the patient had a protracted course with modest improvement after stepwise reduction in her AEDs; however, her recovery unveiled a severe crossed aphasia. Conclusion: Resective surgery is an effective treatment option in the treatment of SRSE, although the recovery period can be protracted. Crossed aphasia after right temporal lobectomy should be considered in patients where it is not possible to complete a presurgical evaluation of higher cortical functions.
Angiotensin-(1-7) in Paraventricular Nucleus Contributes to the Enhanced Cardiac Sympathetic Afferent Reflex and Sympathetic Activity in Chronic Heart Failure Rats
Authors: Ren Xingsheng , Zhang Feng , Zhao Mingxia , Zhao Zhenzhen , Sun Shuo , Fraidenburg Dustin R. , Tang Haiyang , Han Ying
Published: August 2017

Background/Aims: Cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex (CSAR) enhancement contributes to exaggerated sympathetic activation in chronic heart failure (CHF). The current study aimed to investigate the roles of angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) in CSAR modulation and sympathetic activation and Ang-(1-7) signaling pathway in paraventricular nucleus of CHF rats. Methods: CHF was induced by coronary artery ligation. Responses of renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) to epicardial application of capsaicin were used to evaluate CSAR in rats with anesthesia. Results: Ang-(1-7) increased RSNA, MAP, CSAR activity, cAMP level, NAD(P)H oxidase activity and superoxide anion level more significantly in CHF than in sham-operated rats, while Mas receptor antagonist A-779 had the opposite effects. Moreover, Ang-(1-7) augmented effects of Ang II in CHF rats. The effects of Ang-(1-7) were blocked by A-779, adenylyl cyclase inhibitor SQ22536, protein kinase A inhibitor Rp-cAMP, superoxide anion scavenger tempol and NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor apocynin. Mas and AT1 receptor protein expressions, Ang-(1-7) and Ang II levels in CHF increased. Conclusions: These results indicate that Ang-(1-7) in paraventricular nucleus enhances CSAR and sympathetic output not only by exerting its own effects but also by augmenting the effects of Ang II through Mas receptor in CHF. Endogenous Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor activity contributes to CSAR enhancement and sympathetic activation in CHF, and NAD(P)H oxidase-derived superoxide anions and the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway are involved in mediating the effects of Ang-(1-7) in CHF.
Lemur Tyrosine Kinase-3 Suppresses Growth of Prostate Cancer Via the AKT and MAPK Signaling Pathways
Authors: Sun Pengcheng , Sun Xinhai , Zhao Weiming , Ren Minghua , Zhang Cheng , Wang Ziqi , Xu Wanhai
Published: August 2017

Background/Aims: Lemur tyrosine kinase (LMTK)-3 is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Abnormal expression of LMTK-3 exists in various types of cancers, especially in endocrine-resistant breast cancers; however, the precise level of expression and the biological function in prostate cancer are poorly understood. Methods: In the present study, we determined the expression of LMTK-3 in prostate cancer using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. We infected PC3 and LNCaP cells with lentivirus-LMTK-3 and observed the biologic characteristics of the PC3 and LNCaP cells in vitro with TUNEL, and migration and invasion assays, respectively. We also established a transplant tumor model of human prostate cancer with infected cells in 15 BALB/c-nu/nu nude mice. Results: LMTK-3 was expressed in prostate epithelial cells. There was a significant decline in the level of LMTK-3 expression in prostate cancers compared to normal tissues. LMTK-3 inhibited PC3 and LNCaP cell growth, migration, and invasion, and induced cell apoptosis in vitro. We also observed that LMTK-3 induced PC3 cell apoptosis in vivo. Further study showed that LMTK-3 inhibited phosphorylation of AKT and ERK, and promoted phosphorylation and activation of p38 kinase and Jun kinase (JNK). Conclusion: Recombinant lentivirus with enhanced expression of LMTK-3 inhibited prostate cancer cell growth and induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. AKT and MAPK signaling pathways may contribute to the process.
Productivity Gains from Agglomeration and Migration in the People's Republic of China between 2002 and 2013
Authors: Combes Pierre-Philippe , Démurger Sylvie , Li Shi
Published: August 2017

We evaluate the evolution of productivity gains in cities in the People's Republic of China between 2002 and 2013. In 2002, rural migrants exerted a strong positive externality on the earnings of urban residents, which were also higher on average in cities with access to foreign markets through a seaport. In 2007 and 2013, city size (measured in terms of both employment density and land area) was the crucial determinant of productivity. Market access, whether internal or external, played no direct role. Rural migrants still enhanced urban residents’ earnings in 2007 and 2013, though the effect was less than half that in 2002. Urban gains and their evolution over time are very similar on a total and a per hour earnings basis. Finally, skilled workers and females experienced slightly larger gains than unskilled workers and males.
A New Testament Text on a Syriac Incantation Bowl: Eph. 6:10-17 on ibc 3
Authors: Sanzo Joseph E. , Korsvoll Nils H.
Published: August 2017

This article demonstrates the use of Eph. 6:10-17 on a Syriac incantation bowl (ibc 3), thereby challenging the commonly held opinion that there are no direct uses of the New Testament among the Syriac bowls. We then situate the use of this biblical passage on ibc 3 within the context of biblical citation and reference in Mediterranean magic more generally. Finally, we briefly reflect on the significance of the usage of the Bible on ibc 3 for the study of Syriac incantation bowls and for the value of categories of religious identification, such as “Christian,” “Jewish,” and “Pagan,” as it pertains to the study of late antique apotropaia.
The International Criminal Court’s Libya Case(s)—The Need for Consistency with International Human Rights as to Due Process and the Death Penalty
Authors: Trahan Jennifer
Published: August 2017

The icc’s Libya cases raise interesting questions about the icc’s interaction with national jurisdictions that retain the death penalty. In the case against Abdullah Al-Senussi, the icc ruled he could be tried in Libya—his case was ‘inadmissible’—despite Libya retaining the death penalty and despite fair trial concerns. Yet, Rome Statute Article 21.3 directs the Court to be consistent with international human rights. Is it consistent with international human rights to indirectly authorize trial in a country that retains the death penalty, under conditions that cannot guarantee at least core due process protections? This article argues that it is not. Furthermore, this article argues that the Appeals Chamber in Senussi was insufficiently concerned with due process violation in the national jurisdiction—in a situation one could well-anticipate a former high-level regime official would not receive a fair trial post-regime change.
Naturalism and Health in Fágúnwà’s Novels
Authors: IBRAHIM FAUSAT M. , JEGEDE AYODELE S.
Published: August 2017

This essay attempts a systematic analysis of health using the novels of D.O. Fágúnwà, including Igbó Olódùmarè, Ìrèké Oníbùdó, Ògbójú ọdẹ nínú Igbó Irúnmọlè, Ìrìnkèrindò nínú Igbó Elégbèje, and Àdììtú Olódùmarè. These novels constitute a foundational part of Yorùbá literature and the projection of traditional Yorùbá culture. This analysis engages with the four domains of health – prevention of ill-health; health promotion; treatment; and rehabilitation – as premises under which relevant portions of the novels were considered. The essay reveals naturalistic versus supernaturalistic dispositions in Fágúnwà’s explication of health, which has potential consequences for health and healthcare utilization, especially in Yorubaland.
Memory and Poetry
Authors: OMOHA OWOJECHO
Published: August 2017

When William Wordsworth declared two hundred years ago: “I have said that poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings; it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquillity,” T.S. Eliot challenged the assertion that “poetry is not a turning loose of emotions, but an escape from emotions; it is not the expression of personality, but an escape from personality.” The intellectual confrontation notwithstanding, the two poets little thought that they were laying a foundation for memory studies in the twentyfirst century. “Recollection” assumes storage in the past and “escape from personality” implies imagination that is beyond self –a principle anchored on existing ideas stored in the mind. This article studies The Chattering Wagtails of Mikuyu Prison by Jack Mapanje as a work of imagination beyond the personality of the poet, but tenaciously holds that the feelings and images expressed by the author reflect his past encounter with a brutal regime in Malawi. This gives vent to the theme of memory and imagination that has become a focus of study in recent times.
World catalogue of the genus Cossulus Staudinger, 1887 (Lepidoptera, Cossidae) with description of Cossulus irtlachi sp. nov. from Kyrgyzstan
Authors: YAKOVLEV ROMAN V. , WITT THOMAS J.
Published: August 2017

An annotated catalogue for the genus Cossulus Staudinger, 1887 including illustrations of adults and distribution maps is given. Data on the type material, synonymy, and distribution are provided for all the species. Cossulus irtlachi Yakovlev & Witt sp. nov. from Kyrgyzstan (Toktogul Reservoir) is described.
The identity of Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910): a century-old millipede mystery resolved (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Striariidae)
Authors: SHEAR WILLIAM A. , NOSLER PHILIP , MAREK PAUL
Published: August 2017

Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910) is redescribed from freshly collected male specimens and its identity as a species of Amplaria Chamberlin, 1941 is confirmed. We amend the diagnosis of Amplaria, and for the first time report the presence of a limbus in a chordeumatidan millipede.
Evaluating Model Simulations of Twentieth-Century Sea-Level Rise. Part II: Regional Sea-Level Changes
Authors: Meyssignac B. , Slangen A. B. A , Melet A. , Church J. A. , Fettweis X. , Marzeion B. , Agosta C. , Ligtenberg S. R. M. , Spada G. , Richter K. , Palmer M. D. , Roberts C. D. , Champollion N.
Published: August 2017

Twentieth-century regional sea level changes are estimated from 12 climate models from phase 5 of the Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The output of the CMIP5 climate model simulations was used to calculate the global and regional sea level changes associated with dynamic sea level, atmospheric loading, glacier mass changes, and ice sheet surface mass balance contributions. The contribution from groundwater depletion, reservoir storage, and dynamic ice sheet mass changes are estimated from observations as they are not simulated by climate models. All contributions are summed, including the glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) contribution, and compared to observational estimates from 27 tide gauge records over the twentieth century (1900–2015). A general agreement is found between the simulated sea level and tide gauge records in terms of interannual to multidecadal variability over 1900–2015. But climate models tend to systematically underestimate the observed sea level trends, particularly in the first half of the twentieth century. The corrections based on attributable biases between observations and models that have been identified in Part I of this two-part paper result in an improved explanation of the spatial variability in observed sea level trends by climate models. Climate models show that the spatial variability in sea level trends observed by tide gauge records is dominated by the GIA contribution and the steric contribution over 1900–2015. Climate models also show that it is important to include all contributions to sea level changes as they cause significant local deviations; note, for example, the groundwater depletion around India, which is responsible for the low twentieth-century sea level rise in the region.