bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STRESS ANALYSIS OF THE ROLLERS DURING COLD ROLLING BY USING FINITE BLEMENT METHOD
Authors: عبد الصاحب نبيل كاظم
Published: March 2024

This work deals with the determination of contact stress distribution during symmetrical rolling processes using the finite element method ( FEM).The results give a clear idea for the type of distribution of the normal and shear stresses along thearc of contact ,for the rollers with a radial depth ratio (f) equal to ( 1,0.7, 0.4) .A study ot the deformation induced in the region of maximum shear stress together with the location of stress concentration and the maximum stress was achieved
LOW COST APPROXIMATE ADDER SUBTRACTOR FOR FIR FILTER
Authors: Mahmou W.A. , Zagha Dhafer R. , Sabir Mohannad K.
Published: March 2024

The cost of the FIR filter depends on the cost of its components that are classified into three types namely buffer, multiplier and adder/subtractor.The adder/subtractor cover the most FIF. rilter components and any reduction in its cost means high reduction in the total cost of FIR filter. tn addition, FIR filters with pipeline multiplier the speed of FIR depends on the speed of adder/subtractor and any improvement in speed will result to increasing in the total speed of such filter.This paper shows a proposed method to increase the speed and reduce the cost of the adder/subtractor by neglecting the rotated carry output. This method reduces the accuracy of FIRfilter, in other words it adds small noise to the output of the filter, but the level of this noise is inversely proportional with the number of bits in data bus of FIR filter. Therefore this method will be used with midum noise output filters or with wide data bus (12-bits or more) FIR filter.
IMAGE IN IMAGE STEGANOGRAPHY USING WAYELET TRANSFORM
Authors: Ali Sonia A. R. Mohammed
Published: March 2024

This paper describes a stego system in which a gray scale image is embedded in another one.Wavelet transform of both the cover image and the embedded image is used to sort their subbands energies to guarantee that the embedded image will be inserted in the low frequency components of the cover image with little perceptual distortion. Embedding by this way increases the robustness of the system but affects the syster 1 imperceptibility, so a variable scaling factor (a) is used to attenuate the components of the embedded image before adding them to those of the cover image. It is found that the stego image with peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of about 30 dB has goo 1 imperceptibility.The attacker is proposed to be active, so compression is applied to the stego image. According to this, the scaling factor must be increased to compromise between the quality of the stego and the reconstructed images. This increment reduces the imperceptibility of the stego image and here the trade off between the imperceptibility and the robustness occurs.The attack is proposed to be stego known, so that to increase the security of the system, a stego key is generated from the embedded image itself and is transmitted separately, making the system type secret key steganography.The size of the embedded image obtained in the work is one quarter the size of the cover image that may be considered good comparing with the available systems.
GRILLAGE ANALYSIS OF CELLULAR PLATE STRUCTURESOF VARYING DEPTH WITH INCL
Authors: Husain Husain M. , Al-Fatlawi Meethaq Sh.
Published: March 2024

A static analysis of cellular plate structures of linearly varying depth is presented by using thesimplified grillage method. The cellular plate structure in this study consists of top and bottomflange plates (non-parallel) separated by longitudinal webs having varying depth. A variationalformulation of thin-walled beam element with linearly varying depth has been carried out for thederivation of the stiffness matrix of the grillage members for various warping restraint effects. Theeffect of warping restraint in stiffness is included by two methods, firstly; the implicit method(through the torsional constant) and secondly; by the explicit method (as independent warpingdegree of freedom). Two differer,t approaches are used to derive the torsional stiffness matrix,namely:by the assumed displacement field and by the differential equation of equilibrium. Theeffect of secondary shear stresses from the warping restraint is also considercd.The varying cross section properties of the eguivalent grillage members are derived from theproperties of the actual cellular plate structure.Several numerical examples and applications are presented . The results are compared with thoseobtained from the flat plate / shell elements of MSCA.{ASTRAN program. Acceptable agreement isobtained.
TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT
Authors: Al-Ani Raji Z. , ALMashhadani Hatim Mahmoud
Published: March 2024

Total quality management is not a new concept. However, it is widely accepted as the fundamental business issue of the 1990s. Companies have started to realize the potential of TQM as a means of ensuring high quality products and services. With this realization has come implementation in rnanufacturing and service companies. Construction companies, like any other business, must provide a top quality finished product to its customer if it intends to stay in business. TQM is one way to work to that errd.
Ihe objective of this paper is to review the concept, definition, importance, principles, and elements of total quality management.
SEISMIC CONDITIOT{S IN BAGHDAD REGION ANI) EVALUATION OF SETSMIC DESIGN FORCES
Authors: Fattah Mohammed Y. , Al-Tae'e Asma Y.
Published: March 2024

In this paper, a study of the earthquakes that have affected Baghdad region in Iraq is made" The documents collected from different references are analyzed to determine the seismic zone of Baghdad. Evaluation of seismic design forces for equivalent static analysis of earthquakes in Baghdad region is mc"de according to the Iraqi seismic code and the lnternational Building Code (I8C,2000).
 
The studies reached that intensity greater than V on Mercalli Scale has never been recorded on the site at Baghdad. While Seismicity Map of Iraq, proposed by Iraqi Seismic Code, reveals that, Baghdad places in a zone of intensity between (VI-VII) on the Modified Mercalli Scale. Also, the studies reached that magnitude greater than 5.7 on Richter Scale has never been recorded on Baghdad.
 
When calculating the total horizontal seismic design force acting on buildings and structures according to the formula of the Iraqi Seismic Code Requirements for Buildings (1997), the coefficient Z (seismic hazard zoning coefficient) shall be talien as (0.05) for Baghdad region.
IMPROVING THE PROPERTIES OF THE ACID RESISTANT MORTAR
Authors: Abdul - Hammed Firas Faisal , Eilewie Rakia Hussain , Salman Ali Salim
Published: March 2024

This research deals with the study of the production of an acid resistant mortar using local raw materials. The produced acid resistant mortar is to be used as a protective coat to protect the surface made of the ordinary concrete and the other surfaces which are in contact with corrosive aoids such as (H2SOa and HNO3) from the effect of the acids mentioned above.  Silicrete from the western desert was used as chemically inert solid filler. Different types of setting agents were added to the filler above one at a time to form a mix to which either the sodiurn silicate or the pota*.sium silicate solution was added as a binder.
Sarnples of the raw materials were subjected to the mineralogical, chemical and physical tests to determine their reliability and to asses the optimum mix ratio.
Ihe produced acid resistant silicate mortar coincides with the Arnerican Standards ASTM C466 is (1:2) (filler: binder) using 3%by weight either the Sodium florosilicate or the Ethyl acetate as a setting agent.
Bibliometric analysis of neurofeedback research from 2000 to 2022
Authors: Ali Siti Atiyah , Mohamad Ghazali Mazira , Ab Aziz Nurfaizatul Aisyah , Nisar Humaira
Published: March 2024

The application of neurofeedback is gaining increasing interest among neuroscientists as a potential neurorehabilitation approach in cases of various neuro-related functional abnormalities. Discovering the current state of research and identifying gaps in the field of neurofeedback is an essential step in planning and mapping out future research efforts. This bibliometric analysis paper aims to identify the publications and research in neurofeedback from 2000 to 2022. A comprehensive Scopus database search was conducted using the keyword "neurofeedback" and relevant publications from 2000 to 2022 were retrieved. Bibliometric analyses were performed using the Harzing's Publish or Perish and VOSviewer software programmes. The number of retrieved documents was 1835. The number of publications has shown a steadily increasing trend since 2000, with a prominent spike in publications in 2014–2015, indicating a sudden interest in neurofeedback. Among the retrieved documents, 50.3% were related to neuroscience, 23.7% related to medicine, and 13.1% related to psychology. The main contributors to this research come from the United States (24.7%), Germany (13.7%), the United Kingdom (9.4%), and Switzerland (4.9%). Based on the network visualisation of author keywords, the most frequently occurring keywords were neurofeedback, real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), brain-computer interface (BCI), neuromodulation, and neurofeedback training. This bibliometric analysis presents the current status, knowledge base, and future neurofeedback study directions. These findings will benefit future researchers interested in applying neurofeedback as a potential neurorehabilitation approach for a wider population.
Reconciling ultra-emitter detections from two aerial hyperspectral imaging surveys in the Permian Basin
Authors: Chen Yuanlei , Sherwin Evan , Wetherley Erin , Yakovlev Petr , Berman Elena , Jones Brian , Hmiel Benjamin , Lyon David , Duren Riley , Cusworth Daniel , Brandt Adam
Published: March 2024

Reducing methane emissions from oil and gas operations is key to minimizing the climate impact of fossil fuels. Two comprehensive aerial studies in 2019 in the Permian Basin revealed excess emissions compared to official estimates. Although both studies suggested high emissions, the estimates from the two aerial surveys seemed to differ greatly: one study measured 153 (+12/-10, 95% CI) metric tons of methane per hour (t/h), or 7.5% (+0.6%/-0.5%) of gross gas production from aerially detectable point sources in the New Mexico Permian Basin, while the other estimated 246±96 t/h, or 2.7±0.9% of the gross gas production in the larger Texas and New Mexico portions of the Permian Basin. This paper explores causes of this apparent discrepancy by comparing observations of ultra-emitters (>500 kg/h) detected by each survey across a large, spatially overlapping survey region. We account for differences in sensor performance, study scope and design, and data processing practices of the two aerial studies. By aligning approaches, we reconcile the mean ultra-emitter emissions estimates in the applicable overlapping survey area with relative differences as low as 13%, down from 176% for the two full estimates before alignments. T-tests show a p-value increase from 1.2e-5 to 0.182, indicating that the differences between the two aerial-based estimates are not statistically significant after reconciliation. The apparent discrepancy between the studies as published is due to sub-basin level heterogeneous emissions, differing sensor minimum detection limits, and missed ultra-emitters over 1 t/h due to infrequent surveys. Temporal variability in emissions raises an estimation challenge, but this can be mitigated with repeated comprehensive surveys. This work points to methods to improve comparability and repeatability of future estimates, and offers methods to ensure that measured assets are representative of the full area of interest.
On evaporation kinetics of multicomponent aerosols: Characteristic times and implications for volatility measurements.
Authors: Khlystov Andrey
Published: March 2024

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the evaporation of individual compounds from an aerosol in vapor-free conditions, demonstrating that the evaporation of mixture components is interconnected via the ratio of their characteristic times. These characteristic times are proportional to the square of the initial particle diameter and inversely proportional to the compound saturation vapor concentration (SVC). A single ordinary differential equation (ODE) can adequately describe the behavior of all mixture components. It is shown that the time needed to evaporate a specific compound fraction is primarily controlled by the compound's characteristic time, with lesser influences from compound abundance in the mixture and the amount of less volatile material. Consequently, the relative abundance of individual compounds has a minor effect on evaporation. Compounds evaporate in the reverse order of their SVC, with the time required to evaporate 50\% of their original mass being roughly half of their characteristic time. The reduction in ODEs provides significant computational benefits. Additional simplifications are derived that further accelerate calculations by two orders of magnitude while maintaining accuracy. The theory can guide experimental design for aerosol volatility measurements and demonstrate that a unique volatility basis set (VBS) can be fit to experimental data if the number of observations equals at least the number of volatility bins minus one. However, assumptions regarding parameters used for VBS fitting can result in ambiguity in the derived VBS, making it essential to use the same parameters for modeling evaporation as those used to derive the VBS from experimental data.
Kinetic Pace: Bipedal Robot
Authors: Garg Devansh
Published: March 2024

This project focuses on the design and development of a bipedal robot that utilizes the natural dynamics of the Inverted Pendulum Model to optimize energy efficiency. The robot incorporates a code parser, similar to a G-Code parser in CNC machines, for precise control and motion planning. A key feature of the robot is its serial-parallel hybrid leg mechanism, which combines serial and parallel mechanisms to optimize workspace and load distribution. The primary objective is to design and build a bipedal robot that maximizes energy efficiency using the Inverted Pendulum Model. Secondary objectives include the implementation of a code parser and an embedded system for robot control, as well as testing the robot’s performance in simulated and real-world environments. The outcomes of this project, including the architectural and mechanical designs, and the code parser, will serve as a foundation for the subsequent project, which will focus on implementing an improved controller design. This future phase aims to validate the effectiveness of the enhanced algorithm in enhancing stability and energy efficiency during practical applications.
Deep Learning Approach to Floor Area and Building Material Stocks Estimation Using Aerial & Street View Image
Authors: Okuyama Akihiro
Published: March 2024

Urban centers contribute substantially to global greenhouse gas emissions, and with ongoing urbanization, the demand for construction materials is set to rise. This paper addresses the challenge of quantifying building material stocks (MSs) in urban landscapes, a critical step in mitigating the environmental footprint of urban development. Traditional methods of estimating MSs often falter due to the lack of granular building data. We propose a novel solution by employing deep learning to derive MSs estimates from readily available aerial and street-view imagery. Our methodology involves the development of two deep learning models that adeptly classify building types and predict floor areas, respectively. The models demonstrate exceptional performance, with building type classification accuracy reaching 84.71% and floor area predictions achieving a mere 1.86% error. These predictions facilitate an MSs estimation of concrete and total building materials with errors as low as 2.07% and 0.29%, respectively. The successful application of these models illustrates a scalable and effective approach to MSs estimation, thereby aiding numerous cities in planning for a sustainable, circular economy where conventional methods are impractical.
Preparation and Characterization of Copper Oxide CuO (II) nanoparticles Prepared by a Hydrothermal Method and for Solar Cells applications
Authors: Alzalzala Safana , M. J. AL-Shamari Amer
Published: March 2024

Metal oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by a hydrothermal method inside a self-designed stainless steel autoclave, sealed, and heated at different temperatures. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the single-phase structure of CuO nanoparticles with an average grain size of 52.64 nm at temperatures of 100 °C, respectively. The EDX analysis determined that the sample was of high purity and did not contain impurities. Visible and ultraviolet spectroscopy identified a broad absorption band for CuO nanoparticles at a wavelength of 570 nm. Using the Tauc diagram, the bandgap was calculated, as its value was equal to 1.7 eV. The photovoltaic performance values of a solar cell are sensitized to the natural red dye extracted from beetroot. The solar cell produced a conversion efficiency of 2.08. The synthesized CuO nanoparticles could be potential candidates for use in electronic devices.
Publicación continua de artículos
Authors: Esteban Espinoza David
Published: March 2024

Global Business Administration Journal inicia este número con un enfoque que implica publicarartículos de investigación de manera rápida y en línea, entre sus ventajas ofrecer mayorvelocidad de publicación para los autores y accesibilidad a nuestros lectores. Por esta razóna partir de la fecha los artículos aparecerán en cuanto el artículo sometido a la revista hayacompletado el proceso editorial. Este modelo de publicación ha sido adoptado por diversas revistas en el mundo (Allegra,2014; Comité Editorial, 2023. Describimos de manera breve algunas razones por la cual GBAJ asume esta vital decisión.Mayor velocidad en la publicación: Permite que los resultados de la investigación estén disponiblesde inmediato para la comunidad científica. Esto acelera la difusión de conocimientos ypermite a los investigadores obtener reconocimiento más rápidamente.
Conocimiento y percepción de la marca país Colombia por parte de las Mipymes del sector turismo
Authors: Forero Sara
Published: March 2024

La marca país se ha convertido en una estrategia fundamental en las agendas gubernamentales, ya que aportaa la generación de identidad nacional y contribuye al fomento de las estrategias de visibilización internacional.Particularmente, la marca país Colombia tiene un interés por articularse con el sector empresarial privado, sinembargo, se ha podido evidenciar que muchas empresas no conocen tal estrategia ni le dan el valor respectivo.Así, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo comprender el conocimiento y percepción actual de la marcapaís Colombia por parte de las mipymes del sector turismo, escogiendo las mipymes por su contribución actuala la economía del país y la generación de empleo. Para tal fin de llevó a cabo una investigación cualitativa exploratoria,contando con 5 mipymes participantes del departamento de Cundinamarca. Los principales hallazgosdejan entrever que las mipymes del sector turismo estudiadas tienen un conocimiento básico sobre la marcapaís, tienen la intención de ser aliados de esta, pero no creen que esto les genere aportes comerciales profundos.
THE SOCIAL DIMENSION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: EMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT AND POVERTY AS SUSTAINABILITY MEASUREMENT INDICATORS IN ALGERIA. CASE OF THE CITY OF SKIKDA
Authors: Bourahla Nouhed  , Zennir Rabah  , Guessoum Djamel Eddine
Published: March 2024

In this article we will discuss a topic of a big importance which is the calculation of the social sustainability of sustainable development in the city of Skikda using fundamental indicators for such kind of study that are: employment, unemployment and poverty, the latter are basic elements for human development because they have a direct link with the assurance of economic growth and the elimination of the poverty, from the point of view that unemployment and the employment aim to fight against poverty, avoid the inequalities and the destruction of social relations as well as the exclusion, in order to ensure social cohesion and the partnership. The analysis of the different data in the city of Skikda confirmed to us that within our study area we can speak of socially equitable or solidarity development, which means we can confirm the social durability of the latter.
EXPLORING THE POSSIBILITIES OF SOME CONTEMPORARY PHYSICAL THERAPY METHODS FOR THE CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT OF CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME
Authors: Evgeniya Vladeva
Published: March 2024

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common compression neuropathy, affecting nearly 5% of the general population. The modern approach to its treatment is complex and includes early diagnosis, prevention and treatment of all conditions and diseases leading to its manifestation.

Many authors have worked on the problems related to the possibilities of physical therapy in treating CTS, but the question of optimal treatment and rehabilitation remains relevant to this day. In practice, various rehabilitation programs are constantly being implemented and developed. Many have demonstrated positive outcomes, but work in this area persists. Every novel approach or integration of established physiotherapeutic and rehabilitation techniques enhances the current methods and expands the potential for more comprehensive functional recovery of the impaired limb, as well as the patient's restoration to their previous lifestyle.

Physical therapy has advanced significantly in recent decades due to the introduction of numerous new techniques and technologies. The article offers a brief literature overview of several contemporary physical medicine approaches that can be applied in the conservative treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome based on their physiological and therapeutic effects. Modern physical therapy approaches can be a viable alternative to established physical therapy methods like ultrasound, low-level laser, iontophoresis, magnetotherapy, TENS, and others. It is crucial to conduct additional qualitative and comprehensive investigations to verify the effectiveness of physical therapy in treating CTS, identify the most efficient ways, and create improved protocols for its conservative treatment.
Effectiveness and efficiency of state support for agricultural production
Authors:   Michurinsk State Agrarian University, Michurinsk, Russia, Minakov Ivan A. , Kulikov Alexey N. ,   Michurinsk State Agrarian University, Michurinsk, Russia
Published: March 2024

The article considers the volume of budget allocations, results and effectiveness of state support. Its size increased 2.1 times in 2013-2022, which contributed to a 2.6-fold increase in agricultural production, including 3.2 times in agricultural organizations and farms. Labor productivity in agriculture increased by 12.2%, value added in agriculture increased by 71.5%, wages – by 63.2%. Agricultural exports have increased sharply and imports of agricultural products and food have decreased, food security indicators for most food products have been achieved. The effectiveness of state support has increased: for 2013-2022, production per 1 RUB allocations increased by 19.4%, including in agricultural organizations and farms – by 50.0%, the share of profitable organizations increased by 9.1 percentage points, the level of profitability of agricultural organizations, taking into account subsidies, increased by 11.0 percentage points, excluding subsidies – by 18.0 percentage points. However, the production of some types of agricultural products is unprofitable. To increase the profitability of production, it is necessary to improve the mechanism of state support for agricultural industries.
The digital economy as a determining factor in the development and effective functioning of the regional agro-industrial complex
Authors:   Tatar Institute of Retraining Agribusiness Personnel, Kazan, Russia, Sharipov Salimzyan A. , Titov Nikolay L. ,   Tatar Institute of Retraining Agribusiness Personnel, Kazan, Russia, Kharisov Gumer A. ,   Kazan Innovative University named after V.G. Timiryasov (IEUP), Kazan, Russia
Published: March 2024

The directions of development of the agricultural sector, farming systems, processes of interaction between rural commodity producers and local self-government in the conditions of the digital economy are considered. Current problems of farming systems arising from the use of digital technologies in the agricultural sector are identified. The article notes that the development of farming systems in the digital economy is beginning to change the role of local government, and the participation of society in production processes is intensifying. The organization of production processes of land use, based on the use of artificial intelligence systems, the use of network technologies in management systems, electronic cadastres, is a factor that ensures increased efficiency of agricultural production and the elimination of corruption in resolving issues of distribution, use and accounting of land. In the digital economy, the formation of an institutional environment is ensured that facilitates the organization of effective interaction between business entities, the reduction of transaction costs, the introduction of innovative technologies, the development of social capital, and ensuring the growth of the economy of rural areas.
Formation of smart specialization at the heart of innovative development of agriculture in regions of Russia
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, Tcze Yan Min
Published: March 2024

Innovations are the main driving force for ensuring an intensive vector of socio-economic development and are the main lever for creating comfortable living and working conditions for the population, including rural ones. The adoption by the regions the concept of «smart specialization» is a manifestation of their conscious transition to a strategy of selective or point-wise investment in the active innovative growth of those areas of economic activity that are endowed with high innovative potential and are able to bring the region the greatest socio-economic, environmental and demographic prospects. The attractiveness of this approach is confirmed by the degree of prevalence of the principles of «smart specialization» in the world, when about 200 countries made a choice in favor of the development of «smart» technologies. The article substantiates the directions of the formation of «smart» specialization, contributing to the innovative growth of both agriculture and regional development in general. It is established that the introduction of information technologies into production and economic activities, on the one hand, contributes to the development of a new work culture, on the other hand, provides a strategic reorientation of the principles of activity.
On the development of cooperation in the agricultural sector of Germany
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center for Agrarian Economics and Social Development of Rural Territories – VNIIESH, Moscow, Russia, Shaikin Vladimir V. , Shaikina Elena V. ,   State University of Land Use Planning, Moscow, Russia
Published: March 2024

Cooperation plays an important role in the development of agriculture in Germany. Historically, the cooperative formations of the country (partnerships) are united in the German Raiffeisen Union. Cooperation covers not only the sectors related to the maintenance of agriculture, but also partially agricultural production. Producer organizations have become a new form of cooperation in the EU and in Germany in the last 30-40 years. Their distribution across the federal lands of Germany is uneven. Basically, producer organizations are engaged in the collection of milk and the promotion of dairy products, as well as the processing of meat and the supply of meat products to the market.
Milk subcomplex: approaches to evaluation and directions of efficiency growth
Authors:   Ural State Economic University, Ekaterinburg, Russia, Semin Alexander N. , Cherdantsev Pavel V. ,   Ural Research Institute of Economic Security and Rural Development, Ekaterinburg, Russia
Published: March 2024

The food supply to the population is a priority and shows high importance for the economic state of Russia. An important issue in this regard is the production of milk and dairy products in accordance with established medical standards at a sufficient level. Consumers increasingly need milk and dairy products, but statistics show that over ten years in our country the annual volume of milk production has remained virtually unchanged. In these conditions, the issues of finding ways to increase milk production volumes, both at the level of individual business units and at the level of this strategically significant subcomplex of the agro-industrial complex, which is dairy, as a whole, are becoming increasingly urgent. The article discusses approaches to assessing the functioning of the dairy subcomplex and formulates scientifically based directions for increasing its efficiency.
Food waste in social institutions: financial losses of budgetary funds
Authors:   Institute of Socio-Economic and Energy Problems of the North of the Federal Research Center of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia, Shcherbakova Anna S.
Published: March 2024

Circular agriculture considered as one of the forms of sustainable development of the agricultural sector. The essence of the proposed new approach in agriculture based on the reduction of agricultural waste and the ability to use a closed production cycle to increase economic, social and environmental efficiency. The author has previously developed an experimental business model for the circular economy of agriculture and the agri-food system using the example of the Komi Republic. The study revealed that the main problem inherent in the circular economy of agriculture, as the disposal of animal waste, is absent in the region. Taking into account the peculiarities of the region, other significant problems were found: the disposal of containers from food imported from other regions and the amount of discarded food purchased for state social institutions under Federal Law No. 44 «On the contract system in the field of procurement of goods, works, services to meet state and municipal needs». Based on surveys, it was revealed that in social institutions where free meals provided at the expense of the republican budget, the amount of food thrown away by students and patients ranges from 25 to 60%. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the Republic of Komi, for the first time, the losses of budget funds allocated for free meals in public institutions in the context of municipalities of the region were calculated. The article calculates the losses of budget funding from discarded food (food) in the areas of education, social protection and healthcare for 2017-2022. The calculations based on the data of requests, both to the relevant ministries of the Komi Republic, and to the administration of municipalities of urban districts and municipal districts. It is revealed that the loss of budget funding due to discarded food for 2017-2022 range from 1024.3 to 3073 million rubles. The practical significance of the introduction of this model in the regional economy of the republic will ensure a reduction in food losses, a decrease in the formation of food and non-food waste, which will increase the level of self-sufficiency in basic foodstuffs, the rational use of resources in the agricultural sector and the effective use of budgetary funds.
Nutrition Design Modeling Method Development for Structural Analysis and Formulation Modeling of Giresun Hazelnut Using Field Emission Gun – Scanning Electron Microscope (FEG-SEM)
Authors: ERMURAT Yakup
Published: March 2024

The structure analysis and composition modeling of Giresun hazelnuts were first time investigated to develop a nutrition design modeling method using the Field Emission Gun – Scanning Electron Microscope (FEG-SEM). Texture analysis of the hazelnut has shown cube-like oily surface, non- fibrous non-porous spreading structure, and particularly high elemental value of carbon (44.92%) and oxygen (45.562%), and P (1.22%), K (1.21%), Cl (7.09%) mineral elements stating that the Giresun hazelnut is oily spreading structure model, and natural oil carbohydrate and mineral models. The Giresun hazelnut was determined to be suitable for finely grinding to produce hazelnut flour and production of hazelnut nutrition assortments. The Giresun hazelnut was ground with water to produce white colored homogenized nonclotting vegetable type hazelnut milk with hazelnut aroma without additives.
Üre-Tiyoüre Temelli Şekerlerin Sentezi ve Enantiyoseçici Michael Katılmasında Organokatalitik Etkilerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: IŞILAR Özer , BULUT Adnan
Published: March 2024

Glukofuranoz amin ve galaktopiranoz aminden üre ve tiyoüre temelli yeni organokatalizörlerin (7-10) sentezi ve karakterizasyonu yapılmıştır. Bu bileşikler, farklı diketonlara trans-ß-nitrostiren’e enantiyoseçici Michael katılmasında organokatalizör olarak test edilmiştir. Sıcaklık, çözücü ve katkı maddeleri gibi parametreler ile yapılan optimizasyon sonucunda organokatalizörlerin %99 verim ve %11 enantiyomerik aşırılık ile katalizlediği tespit edilmiştir.
Nomex Balpeteği Çekirdekli Kompozit Malzemelerin Delinmesinde Oluşan Kesme Kuvvetleri ve Delaminasyonun İncelenmesi
Authors: UYUMAZ Ahmet , ERGENÇİÇEĞİ Fatih , BASMACI Gültekin
Published: March 2024

Nomex kompozit malzemelerin işlenmesi anizotropik yapıları nedeniyle karmaşıktır. Perçin ve cıvata gibi bağlantı elemanları ile birleştirilen bu tür kompozitlerde delme işleminin kalitesi, bağlantı kalitesini belirleyen önemli bir faktördür. Bu çalışmada delme işlemi sırasında oluşan kesme kuvvetleri ile oluşan delaminasyonlar; en uygun kesici takım geometrisi, fener mili hızı ve ilerleme hızını tespit edebilmek amacıyla incelenmiştir. Deneylerde cam fiber prepreg kaplı Nomex balpeteği sandviç malzeme; helisel üç ağızlı kesici takım ve iki ağızlı kırıcı tip kesici takımlarla; 100, 200, 300, 400 ve 500 mm/dak ilerleme hızı ve 2.000, 8.000 dev/dak fener mili hızı parametreleri kullanılarak dik işleme merkezinde doğrudan delme metoduyla işlenmiştir. Kesme kuvvetleri dinamometre ile ölçülmüştür. Delinen deliklerin alınan görüntüleri üzerinden delaminasyon hesaplaması yapılmıştır. 2.000 dev/dak iş mili hızında en yüksek çıkış delaminasyon faktörü RRFE 040 ve RCFE 040 ile sırasıyla 1,953 ve 1,849 olduğu belirlenmiştir. 8.000 dev/dak iş mili hızında ise en yüksek çıkış delaminasyon faktörü RRFE 040 ve RCFE 040 ile sırasıyla 1,915 ve 1,830 olduğu görülmüştür. Deneyler sonucunda en iyi kesme kuvveti ve çıkış delaminasyonu değerleri iki ağızlı kırıcı tip kesici takımla düşük ilerleme hızlarıyla elde edilmiştir. Yüksek fener mili hızı ile kesme kuvvetleri azalmıştır. Yüksek fener mili hızı, iki ağızlı kırıcı tip kesici takımla yapılan deneylerde çıkış delaminasyonu değerleri artmıştır.
Effect of Layers Number on The Bending Properties of Chestnut Glulam Beams
Authors: ŞİMŞEK TÜRKER Yasemin , KILINÇARSLAN Şemsettin
Published: March 2024

In recent years, advances in adhesive and lamination technologies have offered significant opportunities in the production of high-quality and valuable products from low-quality and non-durable cheap wood raw materials. Lamination generally refers to a multilayer material production method. The main goal of this production process is to develop and improve many properties of the created composite product, such as durability and stability. Laminated timber, called glulam, is a layered composite material formed by preparing timber fibers parallel to each other and gluing them together with the help of glue. In this study, the bending properties of solid, 3-layer and 5-layer glulam beams produced from chestnut tree species were investigated experimentally and numerically. The modulus of elasticity (MOE) of 5-layer glulam beams is 13.39% higher than 3-layer beams and 48.31% higher than solid beams. The modulus of rupture (MOR) value of the 5-layer beam is 24.21% higher than the 3-layer beam and 65.28% higher than the solid beam. There is a maximum difference of 2% between the experimental and numerical analysis results. When the results are compared, it is seen that the results are close to each other.
Eko Tasarım Yaklaşımıyla Mesken Isıtma Uygulaması
Authors: ŞENSOY Buğra , AKTAŞ Mustafa
Published: March 2024

Günümüzde oldukça popüler olan enerji mimarisi kavramına bağlı olarak eko tasarım uygulamaları ve yeşil bina sertifikaları günden güne prestij kazanmaktadır. Bu sertifikaların alınabilmesi için, yapılarda tüketilen enerjinin yerinde ve yenilenebilir enerji teknolojileri ile üretilerek fosil yakıtların kullanımının sınırlandırılması gerekmektedir. Bunun yanında, sertifika alım sürecinde, enerjinin etkin ve verimli kullanılabilmesi konusunda ısı yalıtımı süreçleri de ön plana çıkmaktadır. Ayrıca bu çalışma yukarıdaki kriterler dahilinde, nSEB kapsamında inşa edilecek binalar için örnek bir uygulama mahiyetini de taşımaktadır. Yapılan bu çalışmada Ankara iklim şartlarında yer alan bir villanın etkin enerji verimliliği süreci için TS 825 “Binalarda Isı Yalıtım Kuralları” standardına bağlı kalınarak ısı yalıtımı yapılmış ve villanın ısıtma sezonunda ihtiyaç duyacağı ısıtma yükü hesaplanmıştır. Normal koşullarda mahal ısıtma ve kullanım sıcak suyu için gaz yakıcı cihaz kullanılan villada, PV/T paneller desteği ile yeni nesil bir ısıtma sistemi tasarımı yapılmış ve ısı pompası sistemi kullanılmıştır. Yapılan tasarımda evaporasyon ve kondenzasyon sıcaklıkları sırasıyla 10°C ve 50°C olarak kabul edilerek sistemde R410A soğutucu akışkanı kullanılmıştır. Güneş enerjisi destekli bu ısı pompası tasarımının COP değeri 4,65 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Isıtma sezonunda villanın mahal ısıtma ve kullanım sıcak suyu için ihtiyacı olan 1.345,88 kWh enerjinin %39,60’sında gaz yakıcı cihaza gereksinim duyulmadan tek başına PV/T destekli ısı pompası sistemi enerji ihtiyacını karşılamış, ısıtma sezonu boyunca tasarruf edilen doğalgaz miktarı 426,37 m3, bu miktarın ekonomik karşılığı ise 2.579,41 ₺ olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca doğalgaz tüketiminde yaşanan azalma ile yılda 0,861 ton CO2 salınımının önüne geçildiği saptanmıştır.
An Experimental Examination on the Determination of γ-ray Shielding Parameters of Some Dielectric Materials
Authors: ERZENEOĞLU Salih Zeki , AKÇA Burcu , GASİMOVA YENİÇERİ Sevil
Published: March 2024

In this study, γ-ray shielding parameters (transmission factors (TF), linear attenuation coefficients (μ), mass attenuation coefficients (μ⁄ρ), mean free path ("λ" ), radiation protection efficiency (RPE), half-value layer (HVL), and tenth value layer (TVL)) were measured of some dielectric materials (amber, plexiglass, organic glass, quartz, bakelite, NaCl, porcelain, and marble). The absorption measurements were done by EDXRFS (Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer). The study aims to create new areas of use thanks to the measurements and calculations to be made on these technologically important dielectric materials. According to the results obtained, amber is the best gamma ray shielding material, while quartz is not suitable for gamma ray shielding.
Asiklovirin Spektrofotometrik Yöntemle İyonlaşma ve Protonasyon Sabiti Tayininde İki Farklı Yaklaşımın Kullanılması
Authors: DALDAL Yaşar Doğan
Published: March 2024

Bu çalışmada herpes simpleks ve varicella zoster virüslerine karşı güçlü antiviral etkiye sahip bir guanin türevi olan asiklovirin iyonlaşma ve protonasyon sabiti tayini (pKa), UV-Vis spektrofotometrik yöntem kullanarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada asiklovirin suda zayıf çözünürlüğünden dolayı, farklı derişimlerdeki asetonitril-su ikili karışımlarında çalışılmıştır. İyonlaşma ve protonasyon sabiti için spektrofotometrik yöntemden belirlenen verilerin değerlendirilmesinde STAR programı ve log [AHA-Ai)/(Ai-AA)]-pH ilişkisi kullanılmış ve bu hesaplama yöntemleriyle farklı asetonitril-su derişimleri için hesaplanan pKa değerlerinin birbirine çok yakın olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bileşiğin sudaki pKa değerlerinin tayini için asetonitril-su ikili karışımlarında belirlenmiş pKa değerleri ve çalışılan asetonitril-su ikili karışımlarının makroskopik özellikleri arasındaki ilişkiden yararlanılmıştır. Hesaplama sonucunda, asiklovirin bu çalışmada belirlenen sudaki pKa değerleri ile literatürdeki değerlerin uyumlu olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Studying optimum values of statistical model ingredients for (,) and (,) reactions
Authors: BÜYÜKUSLU Halim
Published: March 2024

In order to further develop nuclear models/functions, it is important to test various models and functions included in cross-section calculations based on different reaction types, energy ranges, and masses. In this study, the dependence of nuclear ingredients such as level density, -nucleus optical model and γ-ray strength function on the cross-section were illustrated by making systematic calculations in the statistical model window. Reaction cross-section calculations were systematically performed for (α,γ) and (γ,α) reactions, which hold significant importance in astrophysics, on various target nuclei. Theoretical model calculations were compared with experimental data. For each set of experimental and calculated cross sections, the average deviation factor values were determined. The best-fit models and functions for all incoming alpha and gamma energies and for all target nuclei were identified.
Uzay Hareketinde Bir Katı Cismin Kinematik Diferansiyel Geometrisi
Authors: AKSAKAL Saime Şule
Published: March 2024

Bu çalışmanın iki bölümünden birincisi; diğer bölümün daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için temel kavramları olan diferansiyel geometri ve kinematikle ilgilenir. İkinci bölümde ise bir düzlem yüzeye komşu bir nokta tanımlanmıştır. Belirtilen noktanın sabit olması için gerekli ve yeterli koşullar sunulmuştur. Regle yüzeye adjoint bir A noktasının geometrik yeri olan eğrinin özellikleri, regle yüzeyin özellikleriyle bağdaştırılarak incelenir.
Convective Drying of the Zucchini Slices; Impact of Pretreatments on the Drying Characteristics and Color Properties, Evaluation of Artificial Neural Network Modeling and Thin-Layer Modeling
Authors: TEPE Tolga Kağan , AZARABADİ Negin , TEPE Fadime Begüm
Published: March 2024

This study focused on the impact of citric acid, hot water blanching, and ultrasound pretreatment on the drying of zucchini slices, color properties, and the comparison of artificial neural network (ANN) and thin-layer modeling. The pretreatments enhanced the drying rate and reduced drying time. Ultrasound pretreatment was observed as the most effective, with a reduction rate of the drying time as 40%. Besides, mass transfer and moisture diffusion phenomena were positively affected by pretreatments, depending on the increment of the drying rate. The highest mass transfer coefficient (hm), moisture diffusivity (D) by the Dincer and Dost model, and effective moisture diffusivity (Deff) by the Crank equation were obtained with ultrasound pretreatment. On the other hand, Midilli and Kucuk, Parabolic, and Page gave the best predictions among the thin-layer models. However, ANN modeling had a better performance than thin-layer modeling due to a higher determination coefficient (R2) and lower root mean square error (RMSE) values. Color properties of the zucchini slices were affected by drying processes. In general, the redness and yellowness of the zucchini slices increased; however, lightness did not show statistical significance. Additionally, citric acid pretreatment gave the lowest total color difference (∆E).
Everzol Yellow 3RS Boyar Maddesinin Gidya Üzerine Adsorpsiyonu: Kinetik ve İzoterm Çalışmaları
Authors: AYDIN TEMEL Fulya
Published: March 2024

Bu çalışmada, Gidya kullanılarak Everzol Yellow 3RS boyar maddesinin adsorpsiyon prosesi ile giderimi araştırılmıştır. Adsorpsiyon sürecine pH’ın (3–11), temas süresinin (5–300 dakika), adsorban dozunun (2–16 g/L), başlangıç konsantrasyonunun (10-50 mg/L) ve sıcaklığın (25-60°C) etkisi incelenmiştir. Adsorpsiyon prosesinde 10 g/L adsorbent dozu, orijinal pH değeri, 90 dakika temas süresi, 10 mg/L boyar madde konsantrasyonu ve ortam sıcaklığı optimum maksimum giderim veriminin (%90.96) sağlandığı koşullar olarak belirlenmiştir. Gidya üzerindeki adsorpsiyon sürecinin mekanizmasını anlamak için kinetik ve denge modelleri uygulanmıştır. Kinetik ve izoterm deneylerinden elde edilen sonuçlara göre, Everzol Yellow 3RS boyar maddesinin Gidya üzerine adsorpsiyonu için adsorpsiyon kinetiği ikinci derece reaksiyon modeli modeli ile adsorpsiyon dengesi ise Freundlich izoterm modeli ile iyi bir şekilde tanımlanmıştır. Bu, hız sınırlayıcı adımın difüzyondan ziyade kemisorpsiyon olabileceği ve hem film difüzyonu hem de parçacık içi difüzyon süreçlerinin kayda değer olduğu anlamına gelmektedir. Ayrıca, adsorpsiyon mekanizmasının düzgün bir dağılım göstermediğini ve tek bir katmanla sınırlı olmadığını göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, Gidya’nın potansiyel bir adsorbent olarak boyar madde gideriminde kullanılabilir olduğu görülmüştür.
Bir İnsan Bilgisayar Etkileşimi Örneği: Sesli Komutlar İle Veri Tabanı Sorgulama Uygulaması
Authors: BARIŞ Sitem , RZAYEV Sahil , ÖZYURT Hacer , ÖZYURT Özcan
Published: March 2024

Doğal dil işleme (DDİ), insan bilgisayar etkileşiminde geniş bir uygulama alanına sahiptir. Kullanıcıların arama memnuniyetini artırmak amacıyla birçok bilgi erişim yöntemleri geliştirilmiştir. Bu sebeple sesli komut ile veri tabanına erişim çalışması insanların alıştıkları soru ortamını hazırlamaya yönelik olmuştur. Bu çalışma kapsamında, sesli komutları yazıya döken bir sorgu ara yüzü geliştirilmiştir. Kullanıcılar bilgilendirici şablonlar sayesinde belirgin kelimeler kullanarak sesli şekilde istediği bilgiyi söyleyecektir. Söylenen cümle ilk aşamada metine çevrilmiştir. Bir sonraki aşamada kullanıcının arama sorgusunu daha iyi analiz ederek kullanıcının arama isteği doğrultusunda daha doğru ve kararlı sonuçlar ile karşılaşmasını hedefleyen açık kaynak kodlu BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) mimarisi kullanılarak kendi dikkat ağırlığına sahip etiketleri hizalamak amacıyla SQL (Yapılandırılmış Sorgu Dili) sorgulama dilinin bileşenleri sınıflandırılmıştır. Çalışmada SELECT ve DİĞER sorgu tipleri (DELETE, UPDATE) diye ayırarak ikili sınıflandırma üzerinde çalışılmıştır. Alınan veri etiketlenmiş verilerle karşılaştırılarak model doğruluğu test edilmiştir. Tahmin edilen etiket sonucu ara yüzde gösterilmiştir. Çalışma ile Türkçe tabanlı bir insan bilgisayar etkileşimi aracı geliştirilmiş ve SQL ile ilgili teknik bilgi gerektirmeden veri tabanını sorgulamalarına olanak tanınmıştır.
Examining the Proliferative Effect of Ozonated Olive Oil and Ozonated Distilled Water on Healthy Colon Fibroblast Cells and Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: AVULOĞLU YILMAZ Ece , TOPRAK Şenol , BABACAN Aybüke Afra
Published: March 2024

Ozone therapy is an alternative form of treatment based on the administration of ozone gas to the body in the treatment of diseases and different medical conditions, and ozone applications are recommended in some studies. In this study, it was aimed to determine the possible anti-cancer activity by enriching extra virgin olive oil and distilled water with ozone gas and determining its cytotoxic effect on colon cancer and normal colon fibroblast cells. The effect of ozone enriched extra virgin olive oil and distilled water on cell viability was determined by MTT assay on DLD1 (colon cancer) and CCD-18Co (healthy colon fibroblast) cell lines. In the DLD-1 cell line, ozonated distilled water and olive oil decreased in vitro cell viability at all concentrations and this decrease was most pronounced at higher concentrations (5 and 10 ppm). In the CCD-18Co cell line, ozonized distilled water and ozonized olive oil increased in vitro cell viability at all concentrations, but this increase was not significant compared to the control. The results of this study are consistent with the results of other studies in the literature. Therefore, ozone therapy is thought to be promising in cancer treatment.