bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Political and Economic Cooperation between Kyrgyzstan and the Republic of Korea: Perspectives and Obstacles
Authors: Sakmurzaeva Nargiza
Published: December 2019

Diplomatic relations between Kyrgyzstan and The Republic of Korea were established on 31 January in 1992. Political and economic relations between Kyrgyzstan and The Republic of Korea is a new topic for the study. That’s why there are no books and dissertations on this topic. The aim of this paper is to analyze bilateral relations and find out the perspectives and obstacles of the economic cooperation which can really impact the economic development of the country. In order to research the topic, the empirical and comparative methods of analysis were used. As a data sources were used papers of F. Matteo, M. Douglass, S. Chung, and C. Eshimbekov.
«Saemaul Undong» or «The New Village Movement» is the South Korea’s Rural Development Model for countries such as Kyrgyzstan. Kyrgyzstan has all conditions for applying the «The New Village Movement» program. First, Kyrgyzstan's an agrarian country. Second, 65% of the total population is the rural population. Third, about 1 931 000 people live below the poverty line in 2015. And, 67.7% of these people are rural settlements. So it means that by the financial support of the Korean International Cooperation Agency and the local government Korean rural development program can be implemented successfully in Kyrgyzstan. The perspective fields of economic cooperation between two countries are tourism, agriculture, textile industry, information technology and the mining. Some obstacles of the cooperation are the absence of direct flight Bishkek-Seoul, ineffective use of Korean investments and insufficient resources of information about Kyrgyzstan for Korean businessmen.
The Relationship of Petroleum Price and BIST Sector Indexes
Authors: Karcıoğlu Reşat , Özcan Muhammet , Ağırman Ensar
Published: December 2019

Energy is not only indispensable element of everyday life, but also underlies industrialization and manufacturing. Energy and manufacturing have become integral parts with the importance of mechanization since the Industrial Revolution. As a result of this emerging situation, businesses, have become sensitive energy and energy prices. For this reason, changes in energy prices directly affect businesses and are thought to have effects on fluctuations in stock prices. Changes in the prices of primary energy sources directly or indirectly affect capital markets. In energy importer countries including Turkey, high energy prices cause an increase in current account deficit and decrease in real national income by increasing the amount of energy imports. In addition, high energy prices lead to cost-based inflation increases as they directly affect raw material prices used in production. All these factors indirectly affect capital markets. Direct effect of energy price changes on the capital market is explained by the fact that energy is an indispensable input in industrial production. In cases where the energy price increase is not reflected to the consumer, the profitability of the enterprise is decreasing. A decrease in profitability affects firm's stock price as well. The aim of this study is to reveal the relationship between sector indices in the Stock Exchange Istanbul (BIST) and oil price changes. Weekly data set for the period for 2006:1 - 2016:4 is used. Johannes co-integration method is used to measure long term relationship in the study.
Effectiveness of Experimental Approaches in Economics: A Case of Ultimatum Games Experiments
Authors: Akan Yusuf , Doker Aslı Cansın
Published: December 2019

In economics theory literature, it has been a crucial question whether experiments can be helpful to test theory in laboratory. Since late 1940s experimental methods has been found useful in economics however there is still some doubts about unbiasedness, ability to test. The essential of economics theory is related to mathematics resulted of this deductive reasoning to inductive one with using time series data and statistical analysis. Additionally, generally in experiments and its sessions, undergraduate or graduate students are generally chosen as participants by researchers, this brings several doubts and questions together such as reliability on their choices, power of explanation and also restrictions about rationality of players which are decision makers as individual. After the 1950s with the introduction of game theory, experimental methods have been strong placed in the research. Especially market designs, rationality and behavioral design have been subjected to experiments. However, it is still crucial question whether those experimental methods could be effective or not. This study will be discussed experimental methodology with game theoretical approach using trust and ultimatum games perspective. In addition, giving the structure of the sessions and experiments, the regulations and steps will be figure systematically. This study will be discussed rational individual decision making process and try to explain how chosen games can be lasted more effective.
Vertical and Horizontal Intra-Industry Trade between Turkey and the World in the Selected Manufacturing Industry Sub-Sectors
Authors: Gerni Cevat , Azgün Sabri , Yurttançıkmaz Ziya Çağlar , Emsen Ömer Selçuk
Published: December 2019

Intra industry trade is goods and services with the same or similar factor intensity in production or, two-way trade of goods and services that are close substitutes for each other as the demand side. There are two main categories of intra-industry trade: horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade. Intra-industry trade in similar products with differentiated varieties is horizontal intra-industry trade, the intra-industry trade of differentiated goods, which differ in terms of quality and price, is vertical intra trade. The main objectives of this paper are to explain the extent of vertical and horizontal intra-industry trade in the Turkey’s foreign trade with the world in the selected manufacturing industry sectors. İn this study, using Abd-el-Rahman (1991) and Hine, Greenaway and Milner(1995) approach of Intra-ındustry trade decomposition methods has been analyzed the extent and development of vertical and horizontal intra-industry trade In the selected manufacturing industry sub-sectors between Turkey and The World for the period 2010:01-2016:11 by unit value indices.
The Relationships Between the Female Labor Force Participation Rate and Economic Development: A Correlation Analysis for Turkey
Authors: Ustabaş Ayfer , Gülsoy Tanses Yasemin
Published: December 2019

Integration of women into the labor market has been a crucial indicator of economic development and social welfare. Although Turkey has taken important steps in terms of integrating with the world economy by shifting from an import-substituting industrialization model to an export-oriented growth strategy from the 1980s onward, female labor force participation rates and the significant regional variations in these rates indicate that women’s integration into the labor force has not kept pace with economic development.
The influence of economic growth on female employment participation has been discussed in many studies. But, studies analyzing the interdependent relationship of female labor force participation and economic growth as well as the interplay of labor force participation and sectoral GDP growth have been limited. The purpose of this study is to fill this gap by evaluating the relationships between female labor force participation rate and economic growth expressed by GDP per capita levels in Turkey for the 1990-2015 period, using data from the World Development Indicators (WDI) 2017 database of the World Bank. The empirical findings point to a strong correlation between the rate of female labor force participation in industry and services sectors and economic development.
International Monetary System and the Emergence of Renminbi
Authors: Narin Müslüme , Öznazik Alpay
Published: December 2019

After the 2008 crisis International Monetary System (IMS) entered a period of change. The system under hegemony of dollar criticized in financial markets with regards to instability and lack of confidence. Whereas IMF argued that the IMS should be restructured in emerging markets, in the report of World Bank it was estimated that in the future of IMS a multipolar multiple currency system which includes Dollar, Euro and Renminbi (RMB) will improve (World Bank, 2011: xii). BRICS countries wanted diversify, especially, the Chinese reserves, but the Executive Board of IMF rejected SDR basket to be expanded until 30 November 2015. With the decision taken on this date, it took Chinese national currency RMB into SDR basket since the date of 1 October 2016. After this decision, the value of SDR has been composed of the sum of the currencies of US dollar, Euro, Chinese RMB (yuan), Japanese yen and pound sterling. Thereby, in SDR basket Chinese national currency ranked thirdly by weight.
The purpose this paper is to discuss the ever-increasing importance of Chinese national currency RMB in IMS. In this direction, at first, the formation and development of SDR will be informed, then the direction of RMB towards the SDR basket will be discussed, after that, the appearance of the idea of RMB’s internationalization and the period of internationalization of RMB will be addressed. Finally, an assessment will be made about RMB’s being a means of payment and international financial asset in foreign trade.
Exchange Rate Pass-Through to Domestic Prices: Evidence from OECD Countries
Authors: Bal Harun , Demiral Mehmet , Yetiz Filiz
Published: December 2019

There is an immense literature on the effects of exchange rate changes on macroeconomic indicators, specifically on the trade balance, growth, inflation, and overall productivity in open economies. One of the main attempts in the related literature is about ascertaining whether the exchange rate fluctuations alter domestic prices. This possible mechanism is called as the pass-through effect which is getting more important since the argument that exchange rate adjustment is a part of the solution for global rebalancing is empirically well-supported. Starting from this claim, this study purposes to explore whether there is an exchange rate pass-through effect in 19 high-income OECD countries over the period 1990-2015. To this end, using a panel data set of consumer price index, producer price index proxied by wholesale price index, the nominal effective exchange rates, and industrial production presented by the value-added share of industry sectors in gross domestic product, structural vector autoregressive (VAR) and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) models are estimated in an unbalanced panel data analysis procedure. Results reveal that exchange rate pass-through effects on the domestic prices are significant but not that strong in both the short-run and the long-run. Expectedly, the pass-through effects tend to diminish over time. The study concludes that policy-makers need to consider policy actions accompanying the exchange rate changes to ensure domestic price stability which consequently interacts with many macroeconomic indicators.
The Contribution of Baku-Tbilisi-Kars Railway to International Trade between Turkey and Turkish Republics
Authors: Emanet Hakan
Published: December 2019

This study examines the potential contribution of the Baku-Tbilisi-Kars (BTK) railway, which is planned to be in service in 2017, to the commercial relationship between Turkey and five Turkish republics (Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan). First, the general structure of the last five years of foreign trade between Turkey and these states will be revealed. In the second stage, transport routes which are used extensively in the physical transport of goods in the current trade, and the benefits and drawbacks of these routes will be mentioned. In the third stage, the characteristics of the BTK railway will be specified as a new route option. In the last part, the future contribution of the BTK railway to the trade between Turkey and these states will be evaluated.
Economic Growth in the Eurasian Transition Economies: The Roles of Institutional and Structural Factors
Authors: Bildirici Melike , Ersin Özgür Ömer
Published: December 2019

The study aims to evaluate economic growth process and the problems faced by the selected transition economies in Eurasia during the transition period and especially after their independence. The countries analyzed are Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. The economic growth performances are evaluated with selected institutional and structural factors; namely, with political stability, democratization and corruption with panel regression analyses. Due to the availability of the data and to obtain a balanced panel of the analyzed countries, the sample is restricted to the 1987-2011 period. The empirical findings suggest that the role of democratization has been significant on growth for the period of transition and after the independence. Unexpectedly, the findings point at positive impacts of corruption on economic growth which suggest that high levels of corruption have significant effects on economic growth due to the enlargement of the informal economy and which translates itself on GDP growth rates. Empirical results also suggest that the success or failure in economic development in this regard is related to, in addition to measures taken in terms of economic reforms, the cooperation of the societies with these reforms, the level political stability, corruption, social-democratization of communist parties and failure or success in claiming the conducted reforms by the transition economies.
The Effects of Inflation, Openness to Trade and Value Added in Production on Economic Growth in Transition Economies
Authors: Ersin Özgür Ömer , Bildirici Melike
Published: December 2019

The study aims to evaluate the economic growth process and the macroeconomic factors, namely, the inflation rates, the value added in the production taken as a proxy of productivity and openness to trade for the selected Eurasian transition economies. The paper focuses on the transition period and the economic performance achieved following the independence of the analyzed countries. By using a sample that consists of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, the relationship between economic growth with inflation, trade openness and value added obtained by the national industries are evaluated within a panel setting. The dataset is investigated with traditional and structural break unit root tests followed by panel regression analyses. Considering the findings in the literature which suggest either statistically insignificant or having positive or negative effects of inflation on growth depending on the countries analyzed, the empirical findings of the paper are in favor of negative effects of inflation on growth: though the size of the effect of inflation rates on growth in rather small, negative effect of inflation cannot be rejected. Further, the positive effects of value added in the production which is taken as a proxy to productivity shows significant positive impacts on growth. Similarly, openness to international trade is shown to have positive impacts for the transition countries analyzed. The results are in favor of the findings in literature suggesting that “it is not the inflation rates, rather than the variation in inflation” which could limit economic growth. The findings for openness and value added suggest policies to enhance productivity and international trade to accelerate the economic growth in the transition economies.
Effect of Price and Brand on Purchase Decision – An Application on Turkish Smart Phone Consumers
Authors: Geçit Barış Batuhan , Kayacan Murad
Published: December 2019

Purpose of this study is to discuss whether brand and price has a significant effect on consumers’ smart phone purchase decision in Turkey.
For this purpose; a survey has been conducted to the Turkish smart phone consumers about the factors affecting their smart phone purchase decision. The results obtained from the survey has been analyzed by using IBM SPSS program. According to the results obtained from the survey the model is accepted as p value of the model is smaller than 0,05.
According to the analyze both brand and price has a significant effect on Turkish consumers’ smart phone purchase decision as both variables' p values has been found to be smaller than 0,05. Brand has a positive effect on consumers' smart phone purchase decision whereas price has a negative effect on consumer's smart phone purchase decision.
Gender Differences, Risk Attitude and Entrepreneurship in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Abdiyeva Raziya , Sulaimanova Burulcha , Karymshakov Kamalbek
Published: December 2019

This study analyses the role of risk attitude for entrepreneurship by gender differences in Kyrgyzstan. Multinomial probit analysis is applied to the data set drawn from the nationally representative survey “Life in Kyrgyzstan” for 2011. Entrepreneurship is measured through the agricultural and non-agricultural sample. Results of the study show that more risk taking preferences are associated with higher entrepreneurship probability. However, this effect is not persistent for women in further estimations for non-agricultural entrepreneurship sample, while for men higher positive effect of risk loving behavior remains in off-farm self-employment too.
The Impact of Tax Apportionment on Fiscal Equalization: A Case Study of Turkish Metropolitan Municipalities
Authors: Saruç Naci Tolga , Sağbaş İsa , Yorulmaz Recep
Published: December 2019

As a monthly basis, 6% of tax revenues collected within provincial borders is allocated by central government as fiscal transfers to 30 metropolitan municipalities of Turkey. These transfers are the most important external revenue of the metropolitan municipalities. The fact that metropolitan cities have a different level of wealth causes the difference between the amounts of taxes collected in the provinces. The lack of tax apportionment policy further increases the disparity of fiscal transfers, since a significant part of major taxes are collected in a few metropolitan cities. In this study, a simulation of tax apportionment is carried out. Taxes and fiscal transfers before and after tax apportionment are compared. Inequality measures (e.g. Gini coefficient) show that fiscal equalization is promoted after tax apportionment.
Remittances and The Real Effective Exchange Rate: Empirical Evidence from Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Sulaimanova Burulcha , Jasoolov Daniyar
Published: December 2019

Since 2000 the volume of economic reasoned migration has been rapidly rising in Kyrgyzstan. The number of labor migrants currently working abroad counts around 600 thousand people or about 10% of the population of Kyrgyzstan. With growing pattern of labor migration, the amount of remittances has grown as well. According to the World Bank, Kyrgyzstan is on the first place in the world in terms of share of remittances in the GDP (34%) in 2016. The main remittance sending countries for 2005-2016 periods are the Russian federation and Kazakhstan. The large scale of migration outflow and remittances, making domestic economy of Kyrgyzstan dependent on external shocks, related with migration. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to examine the impact the high level of remittances inflow from labor migration on the exchange rates, particularly on the reel effective exchange rate of Kyrgyzstan for the period of 2005-2016. The empirical analysis was carried out with Cointegration model, and according to the results obtained, the remittances and real effective exchange rates have long run relationship.
Matrix Management Approach and a Survey Research in the Industry
Authors: Artuner Ceren Gül , Taşkın Erdoğan
Published: December 2019

This academic research aims to determine the approach of the employees in different organizations to the matrix management style. Although the practice of matrix management style is quite difficult and its implementation costs are high, the main reasons of its adoption by the managers are discussed.
In this research, the facts of establishing effective and reliable communication with all of the employees in an enterprise, working as efficient teams, the interrelation among the teams, solving problems as a team as well as receiving education for conflict resolution and ensuring cooperation among people while maintaining the values of the enterprises are investigated.
In addition, the attitude of the managers in the performance of important tasks towards prioritizing knowledge and competence rather than authority and line relationships, the establishment of an integral and equitable performance evaluation system, the existence of a consistent information flow and a multidimensional accounting are inquired.
Besides, by the integration of the conflict management process into the planning process, the use of the appropriate planning software, and clearly defining the tasks with all the details and responsibilities involved, the building-up of needed connections to do the work and at the same time, which add value to the work, are evaluated.
The Use of Financial Resources in Public Health Organizations in The Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Japarova Damira , Kamalova Anara
Published: December 2019

Public health in Kyrgyzstan is generally characterized by the dominance of inpatient care. There is an increase in hospitalization in all regions of the republic. This is an indicator of ineffective activity at the primary level, i.e. patients who have not been treated in polyclinics become hospital patients. This fact contradicts the goals of health care reform and shows that limited resources in health care are used inefficiently. A considerable part of the state funds is used for the treatment of privileged special patients. Accordingly, no more than 6% of budgetary funds are addressed for remaining citizens. During the analyzed period, the share of expenses for medicines decreased, most of the funds are aimed at increasing the salaries of medical staff, covering public services and other expenses. Customers who need state support do extra payment for doctors. Herewith a small share of their extra payment is used for treatment and nutrition in hospitals.
Global Trends of Modern World Economic Development
Authors: Khubiev Kaisyn , Asanov Turusbek , Kudaikulov Marat
Published: December 2019

The article considers factors and tendencies of world economic development, defining a new level of aggravation of struggle for resources and markets. They include: global socialization; concentration and centralization of capital; the struggle for a new economic and trade division of the world; countercyclicality and debt nature of the modern global economy. Is considered a new competitive space combat technological unemployment caused by modern technological revolutions. There is a big trend of the formation of a unipolar economic and trade space-based mega-projects and related threats. For the first time explores the manifestation of the "phenomenon of Trump" in economic policy.
Seasonal Cointegration Approach on Expenditure Based Gross Domestic Product and Its Some Sub-Components for Turkey
Authors: Özmen Mehmet , Şanlı Sera
Published: December 2019

In this study, it has been aimed to investigate the existence of co-integration relationship between quarterly gross domestic product (GDP), final consumption expenditures of resident households (CONS), exports of goods and services (EXP), government final consumption expenditures (GOV) and private sector machinery-equipment (PRIEQ) series for the period 1998Q1-2014Q4 for Turkey. Since, Engle and Granger (1987) cointegration test does not take unit roots at seasonal frequencies into account; seasonal cointegration approach proposed by Engle, Granger, Hylleberg and Lee (EGHL) (1993) has been conducted in order to be able to detect the long-run equilibrium relationship among variables which are integrated at the same seasonal frequency. With the aim of determining the stationarity order of series, HEGY seasonal unit root test has been applied. Consequently, there has been found a cointegrating relationship only between GDP and GOV series at quarterly frequencies for only the auxiliary regression including constant term and seasonal dummies.
The Protection of Bank and Customer Secrets by Criminal Law
Authors: Arslan Çetin , Özdemir Didar
Published: December 2019

The Turkish Penal Code (TPC) no.5237 embodies “the reveal of bank and customer secrets” as a crime. However, neither article 6 of the TPC titled “definitions” nor the legal justification of the article contains the definition of the bank or customer secret. On the other hand, the bank or customer secrets are under guarantee of four different codes. These dispositions can be counted as the article 239 of the TPC, the articles 35 and 68/II/a of the Turkish Republic Central Bank Code dated 14.01.1970 and numbered 1211, the articles 73 and 159 of the Banking Code dated 19.10.2005 and numbered 5411 and also the articles 8, 23 and 31 of the Bank Cards and Credit Cards Code dated 23.02.2006 and numbered 5464. Though, these two special codes do not make a connection to the article 239 of the TPC which constitutes the general norm nor the TPC makes a reference to those dispositions. In this study, we will try to explain first the notions of bank and customer secrets, then the penal norms protecting the bank and customer secrets and last, the elements of the crime disposed in the article 239 of the TPC.
The Relationship Between Foreign Direct Investment and Industrialization: A Study on Turkey
Authors: Bal Harun , İşcan Erhan , Kardaşlar Ahmet
Published: December 2019

This study examines the relation between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and industrialization by analysing 6 different sector groups in Turkey using panel data of 2004-2012 period. The effect of labor, domestic and foreign investment on industrial output of the 6 sector which are Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries; Mining and Quarrying; Manufacturing Industry; Electricity; Construction; Transportation and Storage Activities, has been analysed. The results show that there is a meaningful and positive relationship between sectoral employment and FDI with sectoral production for all sectors.
The Impact of Foreign Debt and Foreign Investments on Total Output: Kyrgyzstan Case
Authors: Ganiev Junus , Baigonushova Damira , Baigonusheva Mairam
Published: December 2019

This paper aims to investigate the impact of foreign debt and foreign direct investments on GDP in Kyrgyzstan. Annual data for the period 1995-2016 and the ARDL cointegration approach were used in the study to analyze the relationship between foreign debt, foreign direct investment and gross domestic product. As a result, it was found a cointegration relation between foreign direct investment and GDP. According to the coefficient value, a $1 increase in foreign direct investments leads to a $4.4 increase in total output in the long run. That is, the increase in foreign direct investments makes a significant contribution to the country’s economy and welfare level. On the other hand, we could not find any statistically significant effect of external debt on total output. From the results obtained in the study, it is proposed that the government should give more importance to foreign direct investments than external debt in foreign resource selection. It is obvious that more effective steps should be taken in attracting domestic and foreign private capital to infrastructure investments such as roads and dams, especially by using “public private cooperation” methods.
Management and Organization Issues of the Banking Sector in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Serinkan Celaleddin
Published: December 2019

The banking system is an integral part of contemporary economy. There are many reasons behind the success of the banks. One of the most important of these reasons is the development of effective management and organization in the banks.
This study has been applied to commercial banks in Kyrgyzstan banking sector. The aim of this study is to identify the problems of commercial banks in Kyrgyzstan and to contribute to new work on their solution. The main issues such as planning, organization, decision making, human resources and training related to management and organizational problems of the enterprises in the study are discussed. Besides the general information about the research, the research method, sampling and measurement tools are given. Findings from the questionnaires were evaluated on the percentage (%) and frequency (f). In the results obtained, it was observed that commercial banks were making short-term plans and staff recruitment was dependent on management. It has been understood that senior management does not resort to employees' opinions when making a decision.
A Finance Model for Urban Regeneration: Real Estate Certificate
Authors: Doğaner Ayça , Özdemir Zekai
Published: December 2019

The construction sector is developing and growing together with the sub-sectors it depends on. Overall, macroeconomic balances have positive effects on employment, growth and development, with improving effects. The construction sector, which is one of the most important indicators of economic vitality, has become even more important nowadays with urban transformation activities. Renewal, transformation and remediation have been implemented in many countries in the world in recent years due to economic and social, population densities and natural disasters in our country. In Turkey, some legal arrangements have been made in order to improve the urban transformation applications. Within the said legal arrangements, the costs to be generated by urban transformation have not been determined. In this study, a financing model is proposed for the costs that will arise through urban transformation.
Social Norms and Tax Culture in Transition Countries: Case of Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Abdiyeva Raziya
Published: December 2019

Taxes are the main financial resource of government. Performance of tax system depends on the willingness of taxpayers to pay taxes or tax morale. Government can use deterrence instruments as tax penalty and size of detection. But socio-psychological factors as attitudes of community towards tax behavior of social norms related taxation can manage and regulate tax compliance more effectively than deterrence instruments.
In transition economies as Kyrgyzstan government needs more financial resources to implement economic and social reforms, to decrease poverty and achieve sustainable development. Nowadays government seeks ways to increase tax revenue. Also in the project of the Conception of Fiscal Policy in Kyrgyz Republic for 2015-2020 developed by Ministry of Economy increasing tax morale, tax awareness and consciousness is stated one of the main tasks. Tax morale and tax compliance of taxpayers’ influenced by attitude of community, family and occupational group to taxes. Negative attitude of society to tax evasion can effectively regulate tax evasion and stimulate tax compliance. The aim of this research is to reveal social norms in Kyrgyzstan and to analyze how they influence on tax behavior.
Analysis of the role of socio-demographic and psychosocial
factors of the occurrence of maladaptive behavior among
patients with Human immunodefi ciency virus
Authors: Ogorenko Viktoriia , Hnenna Olha
Published: December 2019

A comprehensive clinical and psychodiagnostic examination of 114 HIVinfected patients with non-psychotic mental disorders was carried out, including a clinical diagnostic interview using an independently developed patient research map, pathological and experimental
psychological methods, in particular (SCL-90-R and the Schmiszek
questionnaire). The age of the examined ranged from 21 to 62 years, the average age of which was 39.77 years. Among the examined, there were 49.12 % of men and 50.88 % of women with secon dary specialized education (50 %), with physical work (67.54 %), single people (69.3 %) heterosexual orientation (89.47 %), unemployed — 24.78 %. The duration of HIV infection in them ranged from 1 month to 24 years and averaged 5.0 years. 48.25 % of patients took HAART regularly, 31.58 % took
HAART irregularly, 20.18 % did not take HAART. The leading psychosocial factors in the emergence of maladaptive behavior among HIV patients were the absence of close relationships (80.39 %; p < 0.05). Highlighting the characteristics of HIV patients in the team: isolation (78.07 %), confl ict (77.19 %), selfl essness (71.05 %), selfi shness (64.04 %), vulnerability
(61.4 %). Characteristic features of HIV patients: hyperimmunity, emotivism, anxiety, cyclotimism, exaltation and demonstrativeness.
Among HIV-infected people with deviant behavior, indicators
of anxiety and dysthymia are violated. Socio-demographic factors of maladaptive behavior among HIV-infected people are included: low level of education, the predominance of physical labor, lack of social support, a complex diagnostic and treatment route. The above factors, combined with the psychosocial characteristics of this group of patients,
can aff ect the development and progression of deviant behavior, which in turn leads to a complication of the course of the disease and mental disorders.
Keywords. HIV-infected, socio-demographic factors, psychosocial factors, non-psychotic mental disorders, disadaptation, deviant behavior
Features of the dynamics of the incidence of organic nonpsychotic
disorders in the rural population of Ukraine
Authors: Zinchenko Olena
Published: December 2019

Based on the reporting forms No. 10 "Report on diseases of persons
with mental and behavioral disorders" for the period from 2000 to 2017,
a clinical-statistical analysis of the dynamics of the prevalence of organic
non-psychotic mental disorders in the rural population of Ukraine is presented, as well as changes in the structure of the incidence of non-psychotic mental disorders. The data presented indicate signifi cant fl uctuations in the incidence and prevalence rates. A significant proportion of organic nonpsychotic mental disorders in the structure of the incidence of nonpsychotic mental disorders in rural residents requires the adoption of appropriate organizational measures to optimize the system of assistance and prevention of mental health disorders in the rural population.
Key words: mental and behavioral disorders, organic non-psychotic mental disorders, incidence, prevalence, villagers, psychiatric care
Peculiarities of mental health disorders and their mechanisms
in internally displaced persons
Authors: Maruta Nataliya , Panko Tamara , Kalenska Galyna
Published: December 2019

213 internally displaced persons were examined, which were divided into
3 groups: 94 people (44.13 %) of the total number examined were included in group I, who did not have any manifestations of mental disorders, 68 people (31.92 %), in whom certain symptoms of mental disorders were identifi ed, made up the II group, and 51 people (23.94 %),
included in the III group, who were diagnosed with mental disorders and who received specialized psychiatric care. As a result of the study, it was found that in group II the structure of the psychoemotional
state of the examineds was characterized by the presence of separate
symptoms that did not reach the level of clinical signifi cance, and in group III the emotional disturbances of the anxiety-depressive spectrum and disorders associated with psychogenic factors predominated.
The features of the mental state of internally displaced persons
are determined and it is proved that a decrease in the adequacy of the use of coping strategies negatively affects the mental state of internally displaced persons.
Key words: internally displaced persons, mental health, adaptation mechanisms
Some predictors of bipolarity in a primary episode of bipolar
aff ective disorder
Authors: Mysula Yuriy
Published: December 2019

Clinical-psychodiagnostic examination of 153 patients with primary
episode of bipolar aff ective disorder (BAD) found the highest diagnostic
potential of the bipolar spectrum diagnostic scale in patients with
depressive, manic and mixed variants of primary episode of BAD, and
less predictive potential of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) and
Hypomania Checklist-32 (HCL-32), which revealed pathological aff ective
symptomatology of the bipolar spectrum in patients with manic and mixed type of the primary episode of BAD, but were insensitive with depressive form. Using the bipolar spectrum scale to detect signs of bipolarity in the primary episode of BAD, it should be kept
in mind that the quantitative indicators of it are lower compared with
the patients with clinically formed BAD, which should be taken into account during the diagnosis.
Keywords: bipolar aff ective disorder, primary episode, prognosis
Processing of long-stored sugar beet
Authors: Hein Walter , Bauer Hans , Emerstorfer Florian
Published: December 2019

Due to economic changes within the European sugar industry in the last decade, most sugar producers have been confronted with longer sugar campaigns, thus creating extremely challenging circumstances for applied technologies. In Austria, a two-year project was initiated to optimize some process steps within juice purification. The project incorporates the development of an automated determination system for the optimal flocculating point, the optimized dosing of alkalizing agents as well as the application of precipitated or ground calcium carbonate (PCC/GCC) and dextranase. All these measures are undertaken to improve the filterability of juices in juice purification in order to maintain a high processing capacity of the factory. After a short summary of results for the above-mentioned measures, the authors report about the impartial identification of deteriorated beet, which was the focal point of the second project-year. This part of the work compares results achieved with an image analysis system and an industrial FID-detector.
The Product Carbon Footprint of EU beet sugar (Part I)
Authors: Klenk Ingo , Landquist Birgit , de Imana Oscar Ruiz
Published: December 2019

The calculations made to obtain the PCF of EU white sugar from sugar beet have revealed that the results are extremely sensitive to methodological choices and this article provides some recommendations in that regard. A comparison of EU beet sugar with two examples of raw cane sugar imported and refined in the EU, showed that the PCF range for EU refined cane sugar is on average similar, if not higher (642–760 kg CO2eq/t sugar) than the total methodological PCF range for the EU beet sugar average case (242–771 kg CO2eq/t sugar). A review of the published literature revealed, on the one hand, that land use change emissions for cane sugar can be very significant but are rarely taken into account, and on the other hand, that overseas transport and refining adds a significant amount of emissions to the PCF of raw cane sugar imported into the EU. An overall land use efficiency comparison between cane and beet production systems also concluded that significantly more land (51%) is required by cane systems to produce an equivalent set of products (sugar and co-products) with an equivalent amount of GHG emissions. Finally, the limitations of PCFs as a tool to evaluate the overall environmental sustainability of EU beet sugar were also analysed
The effect of sugar beet fiber addition on the chemical properties of tortilla chips
Authors: Saadatmandi Azadeh , Elahi Mohammad , Farhoosh Reza , Karimi Mahdi
Published: December 2019

The incorporation of sugar beet fiber (0–5%) to tortilla chips and the effects on the chemical and sensory properties were studied. Addition of sugar beet fiber (SBF) led to an increasing of water absorption capacity, ash content and darkness while lowering the protein content and oil absorption. Sensory evaluation showed that the overall acceptability of tortilla chips reduces if adding more than 2% SBF.
Lagerfähigkeit geköpfter und entblätterter Rüben
Authors: Hoffmann Christa
Published: December 2019

Zuckerrüben werden bei der Ernte häufig nur entblättert, um den gewachsenen Ertrag vollständig zu ernten. Es wird erwartet, dass entblätterte Rüben auch bei der Lagerung geringere Verluste als geköpfte Rüben aufweisen. Ziel dieser Untersuchungen war es, die Zuckerverluste und Invertzuckeranreicherung von Rüben mit unterschiedlicher Erntequalität zu quantifizieren und Ursachen für diese Unterschiede aufzuzeigen. Zu diesem Zweck wurden zum einen Rüben von einem Praxisschlag mit verschiedenen Rodesystemen, zum anderen aus Feldversuchen manuell geerntet. Diese Rüben wurden bei Außentemperatur sowie bei konstant 8 °C und 20 °C in Klimacontainern für 5 und 12 Wochen gelagert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass zu tief geköpfte Rüben die höchsten Gewichts- und Zuckerverluste und die stärkste Anreicherung von Invertzucker aufwiesen. Entblätterte Rüben hatten bei allen Lagerungsvarianten signifikant höhere Zuckerverluste als geköpfte Rüben. Das war vermutlich auf den starken Blattaustrieb zurückzuführen, zudem war der Schimmelbefall oftmals höher als bei geköpften Rüben. Unabhängig von den Erntevarianten gab es eine enge Beziehung zwischen dem Invertzuckergehalt der Rüben und dem Befall mit Schimmel und Lagerfäulen. Das lässt darauf schließen, dass Pathogen-eigene Enzyme vermutlich erheblich zur Umsetzung von Zucker beitragen. Der Invertzuckergehalt stand in enger Beziehung zu den Zuckerverlusten. Es ist zu prüfen, ob die Lagerfähigkeit von Zuckerrüben verbessert wird, wenn Sorten weniger anfällig gegenüber Lagerpathogenen und Saprophyten sind.
Rodeverluste bei Zuckerrüben minimieren – mehr als nur Entblättern
Authors: Esser Helmut
Published: December 2019

Eine allumfassende Betrachtung der Rodeverluste macht deutlich, dass eine Fokussierung auf das Thema Entblättern viel zu eng gefasst ist. Daher werden neben diesen Effekten auch die sonstigen Rodeverluste mengenmäßig dargestellt, wirtschaftlich bewertet und Vermeidungsmaßnahmen diskutiert. Umfangreiche Untersuchungen zeigen, dass die tatsächlichen Gesamtverluste in der Praxis eine erhebliche Streubreite aufweisen. Sie können unter bestmöglichen Bedingungen bei ca. 5 % liegen, in der Summe aller Verlustquellen auch bis zu 30 % ausmachen. Die Bewertung mit den momentanen Rübenpreisen zeigt, dass die vermeidbaren Verluste in Höhe von 15 % einen monetären Verlust von über 300 Euro ha–1 ausmachen. Daher ist eine Vermeidung für die Rohstoffsicherung von ausschlaggebender Bedeutung. Die Praxiserhebungen bezüglich der Rodequalität zeigen, dass zum einen die Feldbedingungen von Bedeutung sind, zum anderen jedoch der Roderfahrer auch einen erheblichen Beitrag leisten kann. Hier setzt auch die Vermeidungsstrategie an. Sowohl Landwirte als auch Roderfahrer sind für die gestiegene Bedeutung der Verluste zu sensibilisieren. Dies hat in der Praxis dazu geführt, dass die Entblätterungstechnik immer stärker genutzt wird. Da die Köpfverluste jedoch weniger als die Hälfte der vermeidbaren Verluste ausmachen, müssen die weiteren Verlustquellen immer wieder ins Bewusstsein aller Beteiligten gerückt werden.
Troubleshooting in beet sugar manufacture: an overview
Authors: de Bruijn Jan Maarten
Published: December 2019

Though the need of troubleshooting seems to occur less frequent in today’s well controlled beet sugar factories, it shouldn’t forget that many process control parameters and set points are related to underlying chemical processes. A proper understanding and capture of the science behind the sugar manufacturing process is invaluable to secure and support both the current and future operations in the beet sugar factories. This paper presents an overview of the main troubleshooting parameters and further details about likely causes and possible control measures.

Examples are given of typical sugar extraction issues throughout processing, the origin of juice color and ways to limit color formation, as well as of lime salts, their relation to juice alkalinity and how this alkalinity can be influenced in processing. For troubleshooting of these ‘sugar technology’ related processing problems it is usually sufficient to focus on the following control parameters: juice pH value and alkalinity, temperature and retention time. And then it is ‘just’ a matter of applying the science to the process!
Die Zuckerrübe im Klimawandel -Eine empirisch-statistische Analyse der Auswirkungen der Witterung und des Klimas auf die Ertragsentwicklung in ausgewählten Regionen von Rheinland-Pfalz
Authors: Kremer Pascal , Tintrup Gregor , Fuchs Hans-Joachim , Lang Christian , Kotremba Christian
Published: December 2019

Die Zuckerrübenerträge auf den landwirtschaftlichen Flächen der kreisfreien Städte Mainz, Worms und Frankenthal aus den Jahren 1951–2003 wurden mit ausgewählten Witterungsparametern korreliert. Für das Untersuchungsgebiet konnte ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen Zuckerrübenertrag und Witterung nachgewiesen werden. Um den Einfluss des Faktors Züchtung, welcher maßgeblich für den Produktionsfortschritt verantwortlich ist und somit den Zusammenhang zwischen Ertrag und Witterung bzw. Klima verfälschen würde, auszublenden, wurden die Erträge von diesem bereinigt. Die züchtungsfortschrittsbereinigten Erträge korrelieren durchweg deutlich höher mit den Witterungsparametern als die real erzielten Erträge. Vor allem die Witterungsparameter der Monate Juni bis August, während der Hauptwachstumsphase der Zuckerrübe, klären einen großen Teil der Ertragsvarianz auf. Hohe Niederschlagssummen haben einen positiven, hohe Temperatursummen hingegen einen negativen Einfluss auf den erzielten Ertrag.

Für die Zukunft projizieren zugrunde gelegten Klima-

szenarien eine Fortsetzung der Trends der Vergangenheit, sodass der Klimawandel möglicherweise auch in Zukunft eher einen negativen Einfluss auf die Erträge haben dürfte. Der züchterische und produktionstechnische Fortschritt überkompensiert diese negativen Auswirkungen aktuell jedoch noch und lässt somit den möglichen Einfluss des Klimawandels als gering erscheinen, was aber real nicht zutrifft.
Ernteverlustmonitoring von Zuckerrüben 2011
Authors: Reimers Anja , Windt Andreas
Published: December 2019

Die bisher gemessenen Verluste während der Zuckerrübenernte liegen bei etwa 4 % bei den IIRB-Rodervergleichen unter sehr guten Bedingungen, werden aber von vielen Fachleuten in der Praxis auf bis zu 10 % geschätzt. Weiterhin besteht die Annahme, dass die Unterschiede zwischen einzelnen Feldern und Rodern sehr groß sind. Um diese verdeckten Ernteverluste sichtbar zu machen, hat Nordzucker 2011 ein Ernteverlustmonitoring auf verschiedenen Feldern gestartet.

Hierfür wurde eine Maschine eingesetzt, die normalerweise für das Sammeln von Steinen auf Kartoffelfeldern genutzt wird. Je Feld wurde eine Fläche von 100 m2 erfasst, auf der der Boden bis zu einer Tiefe von 20 cm durchgearbeitet wurde. Insgesamt wurde dieses Verfahren auf etwa 20 Feldern durchgeführt. Aufgrund der Trockenheit war dieses nicht auf Böden mit einem hohen Tonanteil möglich. Zusätzlich zu dem Monitoring wurden verschiedene Roderfabrikate und deren Ernteverluste verglichen, weiterhin wurde der Einfluss der Fahrgeschwindigkeit und der Rodetiefe auf die Verluste überprüft.

Die Ergebnisse des Monitorings zeigten anders als erwartet sehr niedrige Ernteverluste in einem Bereich zwischen 0,5 und 5 %. Auch wenn die Verluste insgesamt sehr niedrig waren, so gab es zwischen den verschiedenen Standorten große Unterschiede. Vergleicht man den niedrigsten mit dem höchsten Verlust, so entspricht der Wert deutlich über 100 €/ha. Insgesamt waren die Erntebedingungen 2012 sehr gut. Um die Ergebnisse aus 2011 zu überprüfen, ist eine Wiederholung der Untersuchung für 2012 geplant.