bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aqueous‐Phase Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Free Halopurine Bases.
Authors: Capek Petr , Vrabel Milan , Hasnik Zbynek , Pohl Radek , Hocek Michal
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Green Chemistry Approach to the Synthesis of Isatoic Anhydrides from Anthranilic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Chakravorty Rajyashree , Sirohi Reenu , Kishore D.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ultrasound‐Enhanced Synthesis of 1,5‐Benzodiazepinic Heterocyclic Rings.
Authors: Guzen Karla P. , Cella Rodrigo , Stafani Helio A.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A PCT‐Based, Pyrene‐Armed Calix[4]crown Fluoroionophore.
Authors: Choi Jung Kyu , Kim Su Ho , Yoon Juyoung , Lee Keun‐Hyeung , Bartsch Richard A. , Kim Jong Seung
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Palladium Catalyzed Reactions of Bromoporphyrins: Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Nickel(II) Complexes of Primary 5‐Aminoporphyrin, 5,5′‐Bis(porphyrinyl) Secondary Amine, and 5‐Hydroxyporphyrin.
Authors: Esdaile Louisa J. , Senge Mathias O. , Arnold Dennis P.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Optical and Redox Properties of Core‐Substituted Naphthalene Diimide Dyes.
Authors: Thalacker Christoph , Roeger Cornelia , Wuerthner Frank
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The First Total Synthesis of Xenitorins B (I) and C (II): Assignment of Absolute Configuration.
Authors: Chang Wen‐Sheng , Shia Kak‐Shan , Liu Hsing‐Jang , Ly Tai Wei
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Methyl (‐)‐13‐Oxo‐15,16‐dinorlabda‐8(17),11E‐dien‐19‐oate (IV), Methyl Ester of a Potent Suppressor Toward Carcinogenic Promotor (V).
Authors: Katoh Takahiro , Mizumoto Shinsuke , Fudesaka Masato , Kajimoto Tetsuya , Node Manabu
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Facile Synthesis of the Basic Steroidal Skeleton Using a Pauson—Khand Reaction as a Key Step.
Authors: Kim Do Han , Kim Kwang , Chung Young Keun
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cylindrocyclin A, a New Cytotoxic Cyclopeptide from Cylindrocarpon sp.
Authors: Weber Daniela , Erosa Gilda , Sterner Olov , Anke Timm
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Expanding the Scope of the Acyl‐Type Radical Addition Reactions Promoted by SmI2.
Authors: Karaffa Jakob , Lindsay Karl B. , Skrydstrup Troels
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
MMTr as an Efficient Anomeric S‐Protecting Group for the Synthesis of Glycosyl Thiols.
Authors: Zhu Xiangming
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthetic Approaches Towards an Indole Alkaloid Isolated from the Marine Sponge Halichondria melanodocia.
Authors: Johnson Ann‐Louise , Bergman Jan
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Amphidinin B, a New Polyketide Metabolite from Marine Dinoflagellate Amphidinium sp.
Authors: Kubota Takaaki , Endo Tetsuya , Takahashi Yohei , Tsuda Masashi , Kobayashi Jun'ichi
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis of 1‐(Z)‐Atractylodinol.
Authors: Oliveira Juliana M. , Zeni Gilson , Malvestiti Ivani , Menezes Paulo H.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and in vitro Activity of a Series 1β‐Methylcarbapenem Derivatives.
Authors: Jeon H. C. , Kim J.‐W. , Hong J. H. , Cho J.‐H. , Oh C.‐H.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Formal Total Synthesis of Virantmycin: A Modular Approach Towards Tetrahydroquinoline Natural Products.
Authors: Keck Daniel , Vanderheiden Sylvia , Braese Stefan
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Sporminarins A and B: Antifungal Metabolites from a Fungicolous Isolate of Sporormiella minimoides.
Authors: Mudur Sanjay V. , Gloer James B. , Wicklow Donald T.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Role of Aromacity, Ring Strain, and Stereochemistry of Selected Disulfides and Their Congeners in the Oxidative Linkage of DNA Strands at the Major Groove. A Computational Study.
Authors: Izsak Robert , Jojart Balazs , Csizmadia Imre G. , Viskolcz Bela
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Represenatation of Chemical Information in OASIS Centralized 3D Database for Existing Chemicals.
Authors: Nikolov Nikolai , Grancharov Vanio , Stoyanova Galya , Pavlov Todor , Mekenyan Ovanes
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel Method to Simulate the Hydrophobic Effect and Its Application to the Ranking of Host/Guest Complexes.
Authors: Doweyko Arthur M. , Johnson Stephen R.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Oil‐Dispersible Hexagonal‐Phase and Hexagonal‐Shaped NaYF4:Yb,Er Nanoplates.
Authors: Wei Yang , Lu Fengqi , Zhang Xinrong , Chen Depu
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structural Diversity and Chemical Trends in Hybrid Inorganic—Organic Framework Materials
Authors: Cheetham Anthony K. , Rao C. N. R. , Feller Russell K.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Solids at Very High Magnetic Fields
Authors: Moulton W. G. , Reyes A. P.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mechanical Properties and Defect Chemistry
Authors: Lubomirsky Igor
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cobalt and Nickel Oxide Architectures in Metal Carboxylate Frameworks: From Coordination Polymers to 3D Inorganic Skeletons
Authors: Guillou Nathalie , Livage Carine , Ferey Gerard
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Direct Addition of Alkynes to Imines and Related C=N Electrophiles: A Convenient Access to Propargylamines
Authors: Zani Lorenzo , Bolm Carsten
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Aminoglycosides: Ancient and Modern
Authors: Davies Julian E.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Fluorescent Core—Shell Silica Nanoparticles: Towards “Lab on a Particle” Architectures for Nanobiotechnology
Authors: Burns Andrew , Ow Hooisweng , Wiesner Ulrich
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Control of Helical Folding of Macromolecules: Host‐Guest Chemistry of Helical Macromolecules
Authors: Sanji Takanobu , Tanaka Masato
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cross‐Linked Block Copolymer Micelles: Functional Nanostructures of Great Potential and Versatility
Authors: O'Reilly Rachel K. , Hawker Craig J. , Wooley Karen L.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Gold Nanostructures: Engineering Their Plasmonic Properties for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Hu Min , Chen Jingyi , Li Zhi‐Yuan , Au Leslie , Hartland Gregory V. , Li Xingde , Marquez Manuel , Xia Younan
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Imparting Size, Shape, and Composition Control of Materials for Nanomedicine
Authors: Euliss Larken E. , DuPont Julie A. , Gratton Stephanie , DeSimone Joseph
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Genesis of the Reversible Radical Addition—Fragmentation—Transfer of Thiocarbonylthio Derivatives from the Barton—McCombie Deoxygenation: A Brief Account and Some Mechanistic Observations.
Authors: Zard Samir Z.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Living Radical Polymerization by teh RAFT Process — A First Update
Authors: Moad Graeme , Rizzardo Ezio , Thang San H.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Controlled Radical Polymerization in Aqueous Dispersed Media
Authors: Save Maud , Guillaneuf Yohann , Gilbert Robert G.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Design and Synthesis of Non‐proteinogenic Amino Acids and Secondary Structures of Their Peptides
Authors: Tanaka Masakazu
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Examples of Interesting Non‐Metal Compounds Derived from Elemental Fluorine
Authors: DesMarteau Darryl D.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Fluorine‐18 and Medical Imaging: Radiopharmaceuticals for Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Le Bars Didier
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Oximes as Reagents
Authors: Mikhaleva A. I. , Zaitsev A. B. , Trofimov B. A.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Rubidium and Cesium Metals
Authors: Streitwieser A. , Hasanayn F.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
1‐Monosubstituted Organosodium Compounds
Authors: Lazny R.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
1,1‐Disubstituted Organosodium Compounds
Authors: Lazny R.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Benzylsodium Compounds
Authors: Mordini Alessandro , Valacchi M.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Arylsodium Compounds and Sodium Cyclopentadienide
Authors: Mordini Alessandro , Valacchi M.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of a 28‐mer Oligosaccharide Core of Mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan (LAM) Requires only Two n‐Pentenyl Orthoester Progenitors
Authors: Fraser‐Reid Bert , Lu Jun , Jayaprakash K. N. , Lopez J. Cristobal
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Recent Developements on the Fluorinase from Streptomyces cattleya
Authors: O'Hagan David
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cyclobutane ‐ Physical Properties and Theoretical Studies
Authors: Wiberg Kenneth B.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Computer Modeling of Carbohydrate Molecules
Authors: Yui Toshifumi , Ogawa Kozo
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ion Recognition Properties of Self‐Assembled Monolayers (SAMs)
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Cardona Claudia M. , Echegoyen Luis
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
NMR Spectroscopy of Cyclobutanes
Authors: Seidl Peter Rudolf , Dias Jacques Fernandes
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Subepicardial aneurysm with impending cardiac rupture: A case of antemortem diagnosis and review of the literature
Authors: Giltner Aaron , Marelli Daniel , Halpern Ethan , Savage Michael
Published: February 2007

Subepicardial aneurysm is a rare, life‐threatening complication of acute myocardial infarction. Relatively few cases are diagnosed early enough to allow for surgical intervention. Features of this unique aneurysm include abrupt interruption of the myocardium, a narrow neck, and a propensity for progressing to sudden transmural rupture. Literature review reveals only 20 reported cases, several of which were identified postmortem. Since the myocardial burrow may progress to pseudoaneurysm or frank rupture prior to the diagnosis being made, the true incidence is unknown. Invariably, the condition develops as a result of a myocardial rent occurring during the weeks to months following acute infarction, and it generally occurs within an area of thinned, infarcted myocardium. Successful surgical repair has been reported in several cases and is the only therapy shown to prevent progression to frank rupture. Antemortem diagnosis has been reported with transthoracic echocardiography, transesophageal echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, and magnetic resonance imaging. Unfortunately, each of these imaging techniques appears to be limited by either inadequate sensitivity or slow acquisition. There remains no standard of reference among available dIagostic modalities. Rapidly obtained, contrast‐enhanced computed tomography in the proper clinical setting may improve the ability of clinicians to identify this condition during a window of therapeutic opportunity, allowing surgical intervention to prevent fatal cardiorrhexis. Subepicardial aneurysm should be included in the differential diagnosis for patients presenting with chest pain following acute myocardial infarction. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Periodicals, Inc.
Electrochemical Studies on Effects of Psychostimulants, Opioids and Alcohol Intake Towards Level of Hydrogen Peroxide in the Brain Striatum
Authors: Ahmad Farook , Yusof Ahmad Pauzi Mohd , Bainbridge Martina , Ab Ghani Sulaiman
Published: February 2007

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was the main types of many peroxides produced in living mammalian cells that consumed oxygen. In the brain, the main source of H2O2 was the superoxide dismutase (SOD)‐catalyzed reaction in mitochondria. However, the level of H2O2 would be elevated through administration of control drugs and alcohol by dopamine metabolism of monoamine oxidase. In this study, a H2O2 microsensor was used to investigate the level of H2O2 in the brain striatum after administration of methamphetamine (MAP), morphine (MrP) or ethanol (Eth). The placement of microsensor in the brain was done at coordinates A/P 1.1 from bregma, M/L+2.6 and D/V‐1.5. A working potential of +0.05 V vs. Ag/AgCl was applied. The H2O2 concentration was measured direct from the current generated by its catalytic reaction at the electro active surface of the electrode. A significant increase of H2O2 level was observed after 7 successive injections of the controlled drugs or alcohol. The initial measurement of H2O2 is essential as excess dosage of H2O2 during treatment will contribute to the formation of neurotoxin oxygenated radicals. The H2O2 was the precursor of O2− and OH radicals. Thus, this study provided a mean to monitor H2O2 level in the brain.
Rainfall thresholds for shallow landsliding derived from pressure‐head monitoring: cases with permeable and impermeable bedrocks in Boso Peninsula, Japan
Authors: Matsushi Yuki , Matsukura Yukinori
Published: February 2007

Rainfall thresholds for shallow landslide initiation were determined for hillslopes with two types of bedrock, permeable sandstone and impermeable mudstone, in the Boso Peninsula, Japan. The pressure‐head response to rainfall was monitored above a slip scarp due to earlier landslides. Multiple regression analysis estimated the rainfall thresholds for landsliding from the relation between the magnitude of the rainfall event and slope instability caused by the increased pressure heads. The thresholds were expressed as critical combinations of rainfall intensity and duration, incorporating the geotechnical properties of the hillslope materials and also the slope hydrological processes. The permeable sandstone hillslope has a greater critical rainfall and hence a longer recurrence interval than the impermeable mudstone hillslope. This implies a lower potential for landsliding in sandstone hillslopes, corresponding to lower landslide activity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Water table fluctuations under three riparian land covers, Iowa (USA)
Authors: Schilling Keith E.
Published: February 2007

Water table depth is known to play an important role in nitrogen cycling in riparian zones, but little detailed monitoring of water table fluctuations has been reported. In this study, results of high‐resolution water table monitoring under three common riparian land covers (forest, cool season grass, corn) were analysed to gain a better understanding of the relation of vegetation cover to water table depth. Three riparian wells located at the Neal Smith National Wildlife Refuge in Jasper County, Iowa, were instrumented with data loggers to record hourly water table behaviour from July to December 2004. Water table depth under the forest showed a diurnal pattern of rising and falling water levels, whereas the grass and corn exhibited a stepped pattern of greater drawdown during the day and less drainage at night. Clear daytime and night‐time water table signals were related to daily plant water demands and lateral groundwater flow. Using two estimates of specific yield, hourly and daily ET rates were estimated to be higher under the forest cover than the grass and corn, with peak ET rates in July ranging from 5·02 to 6·32 mm day−1 for forest and from 1·81 to 4·13 mm day−1 for corn and grass. Following plant senescence in October, water table declines were associated with lateral flow to Walnut Creek. The results from this study suggest that consideration should be given to monitoring water table behaviour more frequently to capture daily and seasonal patterns related to riparian vegetation type. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatio‐temporal analysis of groundwater recharge and mound dynamics in an unconfined aquifer: a GIS‐based approach
Authors: Vijay Ritesh , Panchbhai Nikhil , Gupta Apurba
Published: February 2007

Groundwater recharge and mounding of water‐table is a complex phenomenon involving time‐ and space‐dependent hydrologic processes. The effect of long‐term groundwater mounding in the aquifer depends on soil, aquifer geometry and the area contributing to recharge. In this paper, a GIS‐based spatio‐temporal algorithm has been developed for the groundwater mound dynamics to estimate the potential rise in the water‐table and groundwater volume balance residual in an unconfined aquifer. The recharge and mound dynamics as predicted using the methodology recommended here were compared with those using the Hantush equation, and the differences were quite significant. The significance of the study is to assess the effectiveness of the basin in terms of its hydrologic and hydraulic properties for sustainable management of groundwater recharge. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Artificial neural network exploration of the influential factors in drainage network derivation
Authors: Strobl R. O. , Forte F.
Published: February 2007

The interaction between landscape and stream processes has been well documented, and thus it is plausible to assume that landscape factors in a given watershed have a determinant function in stream network initiation and formation. Although past research has identified certain general relationships between stream drainage density and other environmental factors, no definite model for stream delineation has yet emerged. Particularly at smaller scales, drainage network extraction approaches have been devised that are generally independent of often widely heterogeneous landscape conditions. Utilizing digital terrain models alone for this purpose is, in many cases, problematic and inaccurate. This research effort involved using an artificial neural network (ANN) for the exploration of a number of environmental factors and information extracted from satellite images (Landsat 7 ETM+) with regard to finding the most indicative factors for drainage network location. The environmental variables included a series of available topographic, soil and lithology factors. Two hydrologically and geographically diverse case studies, one in Pennsylvania and the other in southern Italy, were used to this end. The results show that various spectral band ratios (1/4, 2/4 and 3/4) were mutually identified as significant in both case studies. Additionally, both case studies illustrated that different factors belonging to general parameter groups (soil and topography parameters) were identified by the ANN for each case, suggesting that future drainage network derivation methodologies should possibly consider that certain groups of environmental factors are more important for certain geographic regions than for others. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytotoxicity of chloroquine in isolated rat hepatocytes
Authors: Jamshidzadeh Akram , Niknahad Hossein , Kashafi Hamed
Published: February 2007

Chloroquine is a synthetic quinoline being used as an antimalaria and antirheumatoid agent. Several cases of hepatotoxicity have been reported with the use of chloroquine. However, the mechanism(s) of its hepatotoxic effect is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic mechanism of chloroquine.

Cytotoxicity was studied using freshly isolated rat hepatocytes incubated in Krebs‐Henseleit buffer under a flow of 95% O2 and 5% CO2.

Chloroquine was toxic towards hepatocytes and caused cell death with an ED50 of about 100 mm in 2 h. The events before cell death were rapid GSH depletion and lipid peroxidation. Cytochrome P‐450 inhibitors, troleandromycine, cimetidine and quinidine increased the cytotoxicity of chloroquine. Antioxidants significantly prevented the cytotoxicity of chloroquine. Depleting the hepatocyte GSH beforehand increased the chloroquine cytotoxicity. Preventing chloroquine metabolism by specific P‐450 inhibitors increased its toxicity, suggesting that a major part of its toxicity is mediated by chloroquine and not by its metabolites. A depletion of the antioxidant defense system is involved in the mechanism of cytotoxicity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Histological microstructure of the claws of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis (Anura: Pipidae): implications for the evolution of claws in tetrapods
Authors: Maddin Hillary C. , Musat‐Marcu Sorin , Reisz Robert R.
Published: February 2007

Claws are consistent components of amniote anatomy and may thus be implicated in the success of the amniote invasion of land. However, the evolutionary origin of these structures in tetrapods is unclear. Claws are present in certain extant non‐amniotes, such as Xenopus laevis, the African clawed frog. The histology of the soft tissue component of the claws of X. laevis is described and compared with the amniote condition in order to gain new information on the question of homology of claws in these two groups based on patterns of keratinization.

The X. laevis claw sheath is composed of a localized thickening of the corneous region of the epidermis that envelops the terminal phalanx. Noted differences between the non‐cornified layers of the epidermis of the claw and non‐claw region are the overall grainier appearance of the cells and an increased abundance of desmosomes in the intermediate spinosus cells. The biochemical identity of the sheath keratin(s) is inferred to be different from that of non‐claw region epidermis, based on histological differences and differences in stain affinity between the two regions. The microstructure of the frog claw differs from that of amniotes in several respects, including the lack of a specified zone of growth near the base of the claw. Amphibians and amniotes, therefore, have very different patterns of claw sheath growth. Observations do not support homology of claws on a structural level in these two groups; however, further experimental work may confirm a conserved pattern of cornification in these structures in tetrapods. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 308B:259–268, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The upper bound of the number of cycles in a 2‐factor of a line graph
Authors: Fujisawa Jun , Xiong Liming , Yoshimoto Kiyoshi , Zhang Shenggui
Published: February 2007

Let G be a simple graph with order n and minimum degree at least two. In this paper, we prove that if every odd branch‐bond in G has an edge‐branch, then its line graph has a 2‐factor with at most ${{3n - 2}\over {8}}$ components. For a simple graph with minimum degree at least three also, the same conclusion holds. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 55: 72–82, 2007
β‐dystrobrevin, a kinesin‐binding receptor, interacts with the extracellular matrix components pancortins
Authors: Veroni Caterina , Grasso Margherita , Macchia Gianfranco , Ramoni Carlo , Ceccarini Marina , Petrucci Tamara C. , Macioce Pompeo
Published: February 2007

The dystrobrevins (α and β) are components of the dystrophin‐associated protein complex (DPC), which links the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix and serves as a scaffold for signaling proteins. The precise functions of the β‐dystrobrevin isoform, which is expressed in nonmuscle tissues, have not yet been determined. To gain further insights into the role of β‐dystrobrevin in brain, we performed a yeast two‐hybrid screen and identified pancortin‐2 as a novel β‐dystrobrevin‐binding partner. Pancortins‐1–4 are neuron‐specific olfactomedin‐related glycoproteins, highly expressed during brain development and widely distributed in the mature cerebral cortex of the mouse. Pancortins are important constituents of the extracellular matrix and are thought to play an essential role in neuronal differentiation. We characterized the interaction between pancortin‐2 and β‐dystrobrevin by in vitro and in vivo association assays and mapped the binding site of pancortin‐2 on β‐dystrobrevin to amino acids 202–236 of the β‐dystrobrevin molecule. We also found that the domain of interaction for β‐dystrobrevin is contained in the B part of pancortin‐2, a central region that is common to all four pancortins. Our results indicate that β‐dystrobrevin could interact with all members of the pancortin family, implying that β‐dystrobrevin may be involved in brain development. We suggest that dystrobrevin, a motor protein receptor that binds kinesin heavy chain, might play a role in intracellular transport of pancortin to specific sites in the cell. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Femoral cementing technique for hip resurfacing arthroplasty
Authors: Bitsch Rudi G. , Heisel Christian , Silva Mauricio , Schmalzried Thomas P.
Published: February 2007

The resurgence of metal–metal bearings has renewed interest in hip resurfacing, but a paucity of information exists regarding femoral cementing technique. We developed a laboratory model in which 72 open‐cell foam specimens were used to simulate bone. Analyses of two cement viscosities, two foam porosities, and six cementing techniques were performed: manual cement application only, manual application and filling of one quarter of the component with cement, filling of half of the component, manual application and half component filling, full component filling, and manual application and full component filling. For manual application, cement was pressurized into the foam by rolling the finger tips. For component filling, a defined quantity of cement was poured into the component before pressing it onto the foam. Specimens were cut into quarters, and cement penetration was quantified in seven areas: top, chamfer, wall, interior area, and proximal, medial, and distal stem. The manual technique showed a 3‐mm thick, even cement penetration of the outer fixation surface (top = 26 ± 0 mm2, chamfer = 14.9 ± 0.2 mm2, wall = 55.6 ± 5.2 mm2). None of the other techniques showed a significantly higher penetration in these areas. Large differences were found between all techniques at the medial stem (27.7 ± 17.5 mm2, p < 0.001) and the interior area (128.5 ± 69.6 mm2, p = 0.013). An increasing degree of penetration occurred from manual cement application to manual application and full component filling. Sixteen specimens showed incomplete seating, which occurred with all techniques except the manual technique. The manual technique consistently gave an approximately 3‐mm thick even cement penetration over the outer fixation area. Pouring any cement into the shell resulted in variable degrees of deeper penetration and a risk of incomplete seating, which have been associated with bone necrosis and early fracture. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:423–431, 2007
The surgical procedure and clinical results of subtotal stomach preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (SSPPD) in comparison with pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD)
Authors: Hayashibe Akira , Kameyama Masao , Shinbo Masaya , Makimoto Shinichiro
Published: February 2007

Background

Subtotal stomach preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (SSPPD) is compared retrospectively with pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD).

Methods

During 2002–2005, 21 patients (13 female, 8 male) underwent SSPPD. The mean age was 64.3 (range 33–80). PPPD was performed for 12 patients after 1999. Days of hospital stay, operation time, operative blood loss, postoperative morbidity and mortality, days of nasogastric intubation, days until liquid diet, delayed gastric emptying, postoperative change of serum Albumin value, were compared between SSPPD and PPPD. Clinical characteristics (age, gender, benign, or malignant condition, presence of preoperative jaundice, preoperative value of serum Albumin) were analyzed in both procedures.

Results

In comparison of clinical characteristics, all factors were similar between PPPD and SSPPD. There were also quite similar results in days of hospital stay, operation time, operative blood loss, postoperative morbidity and mortality. Days of nasogastric intubation, days until liquid diet in PPPD were significantly longer than those in SSPPD and the incidence of delayed gastric emptying in PPPD was significantly higher than that in SSPPD. Finally, PPPD and SSPPD postoperative change of serum Albumin value were statistically similar.

Conclusions

We consider SSPPD as one of the most favorable procedures in patients who undergo pancreaticoduodenectomy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;95:106–109. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
α‐catenin is a significant prognostic factor than E‐cadherin in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Setoyama Tetsuro , Natsugoe Shoji , Okumura Hiroshi , Matsumoto Masataka , Uchikado Yasuto , Yokomakura Naoya , Ishigami Sumiya , Aikou Takashi
Published: February 2007

Background and Objectives

The purpose of the present study was to analyze clinicopathologic variables in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) according to expression of E‐cadherin and α‐catenin which play an important role in cell adhesion.

Methods

We immunohistochemically examined E‐cadherin and α‐catenin in 205 patients with ESCC. The expression results were classified into two groups: preserved expression (+) and reduced expression (−).

Results

The incidence of E‐cadherin (−) and α‐catenin (−) was 52% and 54%, respectively and significantly related each other. For both E‐cadherin and α‐catenin, reduced expression was significantly related to tumor depth, nodal metastasis, stage, recurrence, and prognosis. In the E‐cadherin (+) group, the α‐catenin (+) and α‐catenin (−) patients differed significantly in tumor depth, nodal metastasis, stage, hematogenous and lymphatic recurrences (P < 0.001, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001 and =0.007, respectively). According to coexpression of E‐cadherin and α‐catenin, the prognosis was best in patients with E‐cadherin (+) and α‐catenin (+), and worst in patients with E‐cadherin (−) and α‐catenin (−). Multivariate analysis revealed that α‐catenin expression was an independent prognostic factor.

Conclusions

The examination of expression of E‐cadherin and especially α‐catenin is useful for predicting lymph node metastasis and clinical outcome of ESCC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;95:148–155. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of a quality evaluation method for Fructus schisandrae by pressurized capillary electrochromatography
Authors: Wang Jiajing , Chen Yi , Lin Mei , Fan Guorong , Zhao Weiquan , Wu Yutian , Yan Chao , Wang Jianmin
Published: February 2007

A pressurized CEC (pCEC) method with postcolumn detection cell had been developed for quantifying the lignans from Fructus schisandrae extracts. The effects of different experimental conditions, such as the ACN content of the mobile phase, the concentration and pH of the buffer, the applied voltage, and the supplementary pressure were studied. Five lignans (schisandrin, gomisin A, schisantherin C, deoxyschizandrin, schisandrin B) were baseline separated using a mobile phase of ACN‐phosphate buffer (pH 5.4; 5 mM) (40 : 60 v/v) under –4 kV applied voltage. The method showed the satisfactory retention time and peak area repeatability. The calibration curves were linear in the range 50.0–1000.0 μg/mL for schisandrin, 20.0–500.0 μg/mL for gomisin A, 10.0–200.0 μg/mL for schisantherin C, 20.0–500.0 μg/mL for deoxyschizandrin, and 20.0–500.0 μg/mL for schisandrin B. The correlation coefficients were between 0.9978 and 0.9989. With this pCEC system, fingerprints of F. schisandrae were preliminarily established to distinguish two members S. chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. and S. sphenanthera Rehd. Et Wils. of F. schisandrae by characteristic peaks, and evaluate the quality of various sources of raw materials by determining the contents of the five lignans.
Zonal doped crystal fibers for temperature measurements
Authors: Bufetova G A , Kashin V V , Nikolaev D A , Papin Yu M , Rusanov S Ya , Seregin V F , Shcherbakov I A , Tsvetkov V B , Yakovlev A A
Published: February 2007

The basic purpose of research was the creation of crystal fibers for application as temperature gauges for severe environments. Single crystal fibers of sapphire and YAG with sensitive zone doped by Cr ions were successfully grown up by the Laser Heated Pedestal Growth method. The results of temperature measurements are presented for a range 25-4000° C. Those temperature dependences of luminescence lifetime and spectra of Cr3+-ions in the crystal fibers are consistent with the data observed with bulk samples, being grown by Czochralski technique.
Präzisionsbohren mit kurzen und ultrakurzen Laserpulsen
Authors: Dausinger F.
Published: February 2007

Mit immer kürzeren Laserpulsen lassen sich immer präzisere Mikrostrukturen herstellen. Bei der Metallbearbeitung scheint jedoch eine Pulsdauer von etwa 10 ps eine Grenze zu sein, ab der eine weitere Verkürzung eher Nachteile mit sich bringt. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Der Scheibenlaser etabliert sich – Pluspunkte sind Effizienz und Zuverlässigkeit
Authors: Knoke Stefan
Published: February 2007

Die Erfindung des Scheibenlasers liegt bereits mehr als zehn Jahre zurück. Inzwischen werden Produkte, die auf diesem – zunächst als ungewöhnlich betrachteten – Laserkonzept basieren, von mehreren deutschen Laserherstellern angeboten. Scheibenlaser sind dabei, sich für eine große Zahl verschiedener Anwendungen zu etablieren. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Guter Einstand
Authors: Kock Holger , Thoß Andreas
Published: February 2007

Liebe Leserin, lieber Leser,

in Ihren Händen halten Sie die zweite Ausgabe des Laser Technik Journals. Das Experiment “Laserjournal” ist geglückt: Heft 1 wurde sofort vom Markt angenommen, wir haben über die Branchengrenzen hinweg ein positives Echo bekommen. Für uns eine Ermutigung, um im nächsten Jahr mit vier Heften richtig einzusteigen und noch aktueller und umfangreicher zu berichten. Entsprechend den wichtigen Ereignissen in der Branche werden die Hefte im April, im Juni, im September und im November erscheinen. Der Höhepunkt des Jahres wird ganz sicher die Laser 2005 in München. Dort werden wir mit einem eigenen Stand und einer englischsprachigen Ausgabe vertreten sein. Dieses Sonderheft wird dann auch außerhalb Deutschlands vertrieben – Kontakte nach Japan und den USA sind bereits geknüpft.

Was gibt es Neues in diesem Heft? Sie haben es sicher schon bemerkt, wir haben unser Layout noch einmal überarbeitet. Im Heft selbst hat sich auch einiges getan: Neben unseren Rubriken, dem Interview und dem Schwerpunktthema gibt es jetzt eine Reihe “Grundlagen”. In dieser Reihe wollen wir Grundlagen der Lasertechnik für Neu‐ und Wiedereinsteiger leicht verständlich und passend zu unserem jeweiligen Schwerpunktthema vermitteln. Für die erste Folge zum Thema “Stahlprofilmessung” konnten wir ein erfahrenes Team um den Berliner Professor Jürgen Eichler gewinnen, der ja durch den Lehrbuchklassiker hinlänglich bekannt ist.

Eine besondere Persönlichkeit möchten wir Ihnen in unserem Interview vorstellen. Mit Thomas Graf wurde für das IFSW in Stuttgart ein neuer Leiter gefunden. Wir haben ihn in Stuttgart besucht und mit ihm über seine Ideen und Ziele an der Spitze eines der wichtigsten deutschen Laserforschungsinstitute gesprochen.

Unser Schwerpunktthema ist diesmal die Lasermesstechnik. Die Anforderungen der Industrie nach höherer Präzision in der Qualitätsüberwachung einerseits und die zunehmende Leistungsfähigkeit der Auswertetechnik andererseits haben in den letzten Jahren zu einer schnellen Entwicklung verschiedener Mess‐ und Prüftechnologien auf Laserbasis geführt. Sie sind ihrem Prinzip nach kontakt‐ und zerstörungsfrei und erlauben nicht nur höhere Präzision, sondern auch höhere Geschwindigkeiten bei der Prüfung großer Werkstücke oder hoher Stückzahlen.

Zum Schluss wollen wir uns noch einmal bei allen Lesern bedanken, die uns mit Ihren Kommentaren zu unserem ersten Heft weitergeholfen haben und sich bereits im Voraus eine Ausgabe des neuen Heftes bestellt haben. Wir hoffen, dass wir Ihre Erwartungen auch im nächsten Jahr erfüllen können und wünschen Ihnen schon jetzt ein gesundes und erfolgreiches Jahr 2005.

Viel Spaß beim Lesen wünscht Ihnen die Redaktion
Mehr Präzision und Sicherheit – Die Lasermesstechnik spielt in der Produktion eine immer wichtigere Rolle
Authors: Osten Wolfgang
Published: February 2007

In allen Phasen der Produktion – von der Entwicklung, über die Fertigung bis hin zum Service – werden qualitative und quantitative Aussagen über die Eigenschaften eines Erzeugnisses benötigt. Die Messtechnik spielt hier eine immer wichtigere Rolle. Sie ist in ein sich wandelndes Produktionsumfeld eingebettet, das durch folgende Merkmale gekennzeichnet ist: steigende Produkterneuerungsraten, zunehmende Automatisierung, höchste Qualitätsansprüche, neue Werkstoffe und Fertigungsstechniken sowie sinkende Reaktionszeiten auf festgestellte Qualitätsmängel.
Laser statt Schablone – Die Lasermesstechnik optimiert die Herstellung von Schienen
Authors: Muders Lothar
Published: February 2007

Seit über 25 Jahren hat die TSTG Schienen Technik GmbH Erfahrungen in der so genannten On‐Line‐Qualitätssicherung von Schienen – der Schienenvermessung in der Herstellungslinie. Schon Mitte der siebziger Jahre wurde weltweit einzigartig ein Prüfzentrum zur objektiven Ausgangskontrolle von Schienen im Produktionsfluss betrieben [1]. Seither wurden die Prüfanlagen modernisiert und ergänzt. Heutzutage sind diverse Prüfanlagen in die Produktionslinie eingebaut – darunter auch Lasermessanlagen, die durch Triangulation die Abmessungen mit einer Genauigkeit von bis zu 2 μm prüfen.
How Carbon Nanotube Crushing can Improve Flame Retardant Behaviour in Polymer Nanocomposites?
Authors: Peeterbroeck Sophie , Laoutid Fouad , Swoboda Benjamin , Lopez‐Cuesta José‐Marie , Moreau Nicolas , Nagy Janos B. , Alexandre Michaël , Dubois Philippe
Published: February 2007

Nanocomposites based on an ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer (27 wt.‐% vinyl acetate) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) have been prepared by melt blending and their thermal degradation and flame retardant properties have been evaluated. Special attention has been paid to the influence of the nanotube nature on the flammability properties and more particularly on the time to ignition (TTI) as measured by cone calorimetry. It has been shown that there is a strong influence of the nature of carbon nanotubes on the fire behaviour of the composites, especially previous MWNTs crushing proved to substantially delay the TTI while maintaining much reduced heat release rate (HRR). Such a remarkable behaviour might be explained by the chemical reactivity of radical species present at the surface/extremities of crushed MWNTs during the combustion process.

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Hierarchical Pore Structures Fabricated by Electron Irradiation of Silicone Grease and their Applications to Superhydrophobic and Superhydrophilic Films
Authors: Lee Eun Je , Lee Hyeok Moo , Li Yue , Hong Lan Young , Kim Dong Pyo , Cho Sung Oh
Published: February 2007

Unique hierarchical pore structures were fabricated by simply irradiating an electron beam onto silicone grease films. The hierarchical pore structures consisted of micrometer‐sized pores and macroporous walls. Due to the high surface roughness, the hierarchical pore structures exhibited both superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle (CA) of 170° and superhydrophilicity with an extremely low water CA of 3° after the chemical treatment of the surfaces. In addition to the hierarchical pore structures, sponge‐like pore structures were also fabricated by the electron irradiation of silicone grease films.

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