bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding intraseasonal propagating oscillation in air temperature and its association with heatwaves over Eurasia during boreal summer
Authors: Gong Zhanqiu , Minobe Shoshiro
Published: July 2024

Eurasian heatwaves (HWs), which pose widespread and substantial risks on human livelihoods, have been reported to be related to intraseasonal atmospheric waves. Although previous studies have explored the quasi-stationary nature of these waves, the comprehension of their propagating properties and connection with summer HWs still remains elusive. Therefore, in this study, we aim to investigate the propagating oscillations in air temperature over Eurasia during boreal summer and establish its linkage with HWs. First, we examine eastward propagation signals using complex empirical orthogonal function (CEOF) method. According to the temperature budget analysis, it is found that the advection processes play a critical role in driving this eastward propagation, while the diabatic heating partly compensates. Subsequently, by employing a metric designed to quantify the intensity of propagation, a total of nine years which exhibits the strongest propagating signals are identified. A good association between the HWs and air temperature anomalies estimated by temperature advection can be observed, which indicates a robust linkage. Our results can reinforce the dynamical understanding of summer HWs over Eurasia, and it may also contribute to future monitoring and forecasting capabilities.
Improved damage constitutive modeling of post-peak random failure behavior in quasi-brittle rocks
Authors: Zhang Chao , Ren Shixun , Yu Jin , Su Guoshao , Huang Xiaocheng , Cao Wengui
Published: July 2024

This paper captures the frequently encountered post-peak random failure behaviour of quasi-brittle rocks in conventional triaxial compression. The post-peak theoretical curve of the classic statistical damage constitutive model is essentially regulated by the Weibull distribution parameters m and F0. There exists a one-to-one mapping relationship between the array sets of parameters m and F0 and the confining pressure. However, the peak point method is unable to effectively constrain the post-peak theoretical curve of the model, resulting in the situation that under specific confining pressure, the post-peak theoretical curve of the classic model is unique and stochastic. In order to address this issue, this paper considers the influence of the degradation effect of damaged micro-elements on heterogeneity and proposes a modified damage model based on the classic damage model. A functional hypothesis expression integrating the effects of heterogeneity and stress level is constructed, and an improved statistical damage constitutive model considering the influence of damage threshold is derived. Through case verification and sensitivity analysis of model parameters, the results indicate that compared with the classic model, the model proposed in this paper, with only one additional parameter, can effectively simulate the post-peak random failure behaviour of heterogeneous quasi-brittle rocks under specific confining pressure. A comparison between predictions and published experimental data is claimed to be satisfactory, and it is revealed that the stress drop in the post-peak region of rocks is not completely random but exhibits stochastic characteristics within a certain range.
Action Potential Features: Computation and Spike Sorting of Human C-Nociceptor Action Potentials as obtained via Microneurography Recordings
Authors: Troglio Alina , Konradi Peter , Fiebig Andrea , Garriga Ariadna Pérez , Röhrig Rainer , Dunham James , Kutafina Ekaterina , Namer Barbara
Published: July 2024

Spike sorting represents a persistent challenge in electrophysiology, particularly in extracellular nerve recordings containing signals from several nerve fibers. This issue is exacerbated in microneurography recordings from peripheral unmyelinated afferents in awake humans, which are responsible for pain sensation. This is due to the similarity of spike shapes originating from different fibers, low signal-to-noise ratios, and shape-distorting overlaying signals. Here, we present the first systematic assessment of morphology-based spike sorting in multiple recordings from two microneurography laboratories. We created dedicated ground truth datasets by employing semi-manual labelling methods enabling the comparison of supervised and unsupervised sorting methods for different feature sets. A strong advantage of the supervised approach was observed, while no single feature set showed a global advantage. Further, the high diversity of the results was linked to the per-recording fiber number and spike morphologies. To extend this first systematic assessment of the spike sorting problem in microneurography, our open-source pipeline enables reproducible sortability analysis of any extracellular recordings of neuronal activity if electrical stimulation of the nerve fibers is possible. The achieved advancement of spike sorting for microneurography lays the foundation for gaining insights into the neural coding of pain and itch signals in a clinical context.
Enhanced Triple-branch Network for Generalized Zero-Shot Learning
Authors: Zhu Yifan , Zhou Yuan , Xiang Lei , Duan Haoran , Long Yang
Published: July 2024

Generalized Zero-Shot Learning (GZSL) aims to transfer knowledge from seen data to unseen categories and correctly distinguish both seen and unseen data. Most direct attribute prediction (DAP) methods focus on projecting visual features into attribute space and aligning them with class prototypes. However, domain shifts arise during the dataset acquisition due to camera angles or occlusion. Using the class prototype directly can not accurately represent each sample and will mislead the alignment of visual features and attributes. Moreover, the regularly used visual feature extraction backbone, such as ResNet, is trained on ImageNet, resulting in cross-dataset bias for the GZSL task. Therefore, this paper proposes an Enhanced Triple-branch Network (ETN), which has three branches: Evolving Attribute Feature Learning (EAFL), Cross-dataset Denoising Module (CDM), and Class Prototype Purification (CPP). EAFL progressively refine attribute features by correcting the semantic prototypes and profoundly explores the relationship between individual and group attribute features. CDM uses a mask to mitigate cross-dataset bias between ImageNet and GZSL benchmarks. CPP learns domain shifts of attributes, guaranteeing the predicted attributes align with specific samples.
Furthermore, ETN is conducted on three datasets, demonstrating superior performance compared to some other methods in Generalized Zero-Shot Learning. Specifically, on the SUN dataset, the proposed ETN shows an advantage of $1.5\%$ in the GZSL compared to the second-best method. ETN has demonstrated notable advancements compared to the baseline, achieving improvements of $2.5\%$ and $3.4\%$ on the CUB dataset and AWA2 dataset, respectively. The codes are available at \url{https://github.com/GAInuist/ETN}.
Diverse effects of chronic cobalt supplementation on iron metabolism during erythropoiesis
Authors: Pavlova Ekaterina , Petrova Emilia , Tinkov Alexey A. , Ajsuvakova Olga P. , Rashev Pavel , Vladov Ivelin , Skalny Anatoly V. , Gluhcheva Yordanka
Published: July 2024

Cobalt (Co) is an essential trace element and its cellular uptake occurs in a similar to iron (Fe) profile. The aim was to assess the alterations in iron and Fe regulatory proteins concentrations - transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), hepcidin and ferritin, and their effect on erythrocyte count (RBCs) in mice following chronic exposure to cobalt chloride (CoCl2). Pregnant ICR mice were subjected to 125 mg/kg body weight CoCl2x6H2O daily 2–3 days prior delivery and treatment continued 90 days after birth. CoCl2 was administrated with drinking water. Pups were sacrificed on postnatal days 18, 30, 45, 60 and 90. Exposure to CoCl2 induced significant accumulation of Co ions in blood sera and RBCs. During long-term exposure the most Co was accumulated in the serum after 30 days of exposure and decreased by day 90 of dosing indicating that serum Co concentration is a reliable marker for recent exposure. Hemoglobin content increased in a time-dependent manner. Co administration significantly elevated serum Fe but decreased it in RBCs. Exposure to Co stimulated Fe storage, enhancing hepcidin production and ferritin concentrations, and reducing TfR1 expression. Chronic exposure to CoCl2 resulted in a lower Fe content of mature mice compared to immature suggesting stimulated Fe release as a possible survival mechanism to counteract the toxic effects of Fe overload.
Genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of the BTB domain-containing protein gene family in poplar
Authors: Jing Ruotong , Liu Xuan , LI Ruili , Du Liang
Published: July 2024

In recent years, the BTB (Bric-a-brac/Tramtrack/Broad complex) gene family in plants has garnered widespread attention for its regulatory roles in plant growth and development. However, knowledge regarding BTBs in poplar trees remains limited. Here, we identified 89 BTB gene family members across the genome of Populus alba L. Through phylogenetic analysis, these members were classified into seven subfamilies and 16 branches, followed by comprehensive bioinformatics and biological analyses. Structural analysis revealed that poplar BTB gene family exhibits both high conservation and diversity, with distinct gene structures and protein features. Expression pattern analysis demonstrated differential expression of poplar BTB genes across various tissues, hormone treatments, and under drought stress, suggesting their potential roles in poplar growth and development and drought response. This study provides a vital foundation and reference for unraveling the BTB-involved regulatory mechanisms underlying poplar growth and development and drought response.
Improvement of Sperm parameters and Hormonal Receptor Expression in a Rat Model of Testicular Hypoxia Treated with N-acetylcysteine Running title: N-acetylcysteine Improves Sperm Parameters
Authors: Shokoohi Majid , Roshangar Leila , Esfahani Mohammad Hossein Nasr , Soltani Gilda Ghazi , Khaki Amir Afshin , Alihemmati Alireza
Published: July 2024

Testicular tissue hypoxia is a state in which tissues do not receive enough oxygen to meet their demand. One disease known to cause this hypoxic condition is varicocele (VCL), which can negatively impact the testicles and lead to poor sperm quality. Previous research has indicated that antioxidants play a significant role in protecting against the damage resulting from hypoxia. This study aims to identify the potential antioxidant properties of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on sperm characteristics and hormonal receptor expression within the testes of adult male Wistar rats. The study involved 32 rats randomly assigned to four groups: Sham (control), Varicocele-induced Hypoxia (Hypo), Hypoxia with NAC treatment (Hypo + NAC), and NAC treatment (NAC). The investigation measured serum testosterone, LH, and FSH levels, and evaluated sperm characteristics, histological features, and hormonal gene receptors across the groups. Analysis of the Hypoxia group showed a remarkable increase in serum FSH and LH levels compared to the Sham group (P < 0.05). Hypoxia led to deterioration in sperm quality, testosterone levels, number of germ cells, and hormonal receptor-related genes (P < 0.05). Importantly, NAC treatment improved male fertility by increasing sperm quality and protecting testicular tissues against hypoxia induced by varicocele in the rats.The present study suggests the potential for using NAC to prevent testicular tissue damage caused by testicular hypoxia.
Genome-wide identification and expression profile analysis of the NF-Y transcription factor gene family in Eucalyptus grandis
Authors: Li Juan , Gong Chaoyan , Zhuang Li , Li Guangyou , Xu Jianmin , Lu Zhaohua
Published: July 2024

Background
The NF-Y (NUCLEAR FACTOR-Y) transcription factor in plants is composed of NF-YA, NF-YB and NF-YC subunits. It is known to play an important role in plant growth and development and response to stress. Although the NF-Y gene family has been systematically studied in many species, the understanding of the NF-Y gene family in Eucalyptus remains unknown.
Results
In this study, 31 (7 EgrNF-YA, 16 EgrNF-YB and 8 EgrNF-YC) EgrNF-Y genes were identified in E. grandis using Arabidopsis NF-Y protein sequences as queries and their structural characteristics were comprehensively analyzed. Phylogenetic, conserved domain and exon-intron structure analyzed that the closer relationship in each subfamily. Multiple alignments showed that all EgrNF-Y proteins had conserved core regions. Chromosomal localization of these genes revealed that they were randomly distributed across 11 chromosomes. Cis-element analysis of promoter indicated that EgrNF-Y gene was affected by various hormonal and abiotic stresses. Furthermore, tissue-specific expression showed that all 30 EgrNF-Y genes were widely expressed in various tissues and organs. Additionally, the stress response pattern of EgrNF-Ys was identified under phosphate-starved, and 12 genes and 3 genes were upregulated more than 2-fold in the leaves and roots, respectively.
Conclusion
Our studies have provided a general understanding of the conservation and characteristics of the EgrNF-Y genes family in E. grandis. And it has been demonstrated that members of the EgrNF-YB1 and EgrNF-YB11 may play important roles in the regulation of floweringin of E. grandis. To provide reference for further study on the role of NF-Y gene in the regulation of flowering in E. grandis. In addition, our also established a theoretical basis for further functional studies on this family.
The Analysis of Switching Losses of IGBT with RPWM Control
Authors: Yi Caihua , Ma Jiaqing , Wu Gangqin , Chen Changsheng , He Zhiqin , Wu Qinmu , Liu Hongju , Li Yongjie
Published: July 2024

When the random pulse width modulation (RPWM) technique is applied to insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules, the switching losses are decreased to different degrees. In order to study the principle of this control method, this paper starts from the perspective of Joule heating principle. According to the energy losses and heating characteristics of IGBT module during on-state and off-state processes, the effects of different random pulse width modulation (RPWM) techniques on the switching losses of IGBT module are analyzed and the corresponding theoretical models are established. Experimenting in a three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) environment, in order to compare the switching Joule losses incurred by the IGBT module with different modulation techniques, four modulation techniques such as random carrier frequency PWM, random duty cycle PWM, random dead zone PWM and non-random PWM modulation techniques are adopted. In addition, the effectiveness of random PWM techniques in reducing switching losses are further verified by comparing the experimental results with different controllers. These research results provide important theoretical guidance for the design and application of power electronic devices, and offer new ideas and methods for improving system performance and reducing energy losses.
Genetic variation, trait association and heritability of root traits in parental and hybrid Brassica napus genotypes under PEG-treated hydroponic culture
Authors: Azim Jaber Bin , Hassan Lutful , Robin Arif Hasan Khan
Published: July 2024

Background: Rapeseed (Brassica napusL.) is an important oilseed crop susceptible to drought stress. Research on rapeseed root systems is limited. This study aimed to determine the effects of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)-induced osmotic stress in selected rapeseed breeding lines and hybrids, particularly on the root morphology.
Methodology: Plants were cultured hydroponically for 25 days and subjected to two PEG concentrations: 0 (control) and 5%. Two weeks later, nine root traits, five shoot traits, and four biochemical traits were measured after a destructive harvest.
Results: PEG-induced osmotic stress enhanced root dry weight by producing long and thick main and lateral roots and longer root hairs while suppressing the morphological growth of shoots. A negative association among root and shoot traits was found from principal component analysis. PEG treatment also altered the synthesis of antioxidants and reactive oxygen species. There was a trait-specific genotypic response to the two PEG levels. Among the root traits, lateral root length, root hair length, and root dry weight accounted for high variability and heritability.
Conclusion: Root traits showing high heritability can be selected for advancing generations to select rapeseed genotypes with osmotic stress-tolerant root systems. The results imply that rapeseed breeders may consider lateral root traits in drought-stress breeding.
Intraspecific variation in the alkaloids of Adalia decempunctata (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae): sex, reproduction and colour pattern polymorphism.
Authors: ASLAM MUHAMMAD , Nedvěd Oldřich , SLOGGETT JOHN J.
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we examine intraspecific variation in the quantity of alkaloid chemical defence in field collected individuals of the polymorphic ladybird beetle Adalia decempunctata (10spot ladybird). Like its more widely studied relative Adalia bipunctata (2-spot ladybird), A. decempunctata possesses the alkaloids adaline and adalinine, which are, respectively, the major alkaloids of A. bipunctata. We focused especially on alkaloid concentration in relation to colour pattern morph, sex, and the relationship between female and egg parameters. There was a marked sexual dimorphism in the balance of the two alkaloids, with adaline predominating in females and adalinine predominating in males: in males, on average, over 70% of total alkaloid was adalinine. Females had a lower proportion of adalinine (< 10%) than their eggs (> 15%) and relationships between egg alkaloid and female alkaloid or fecundity were weak or non-existent. Colour pattern morph had a borderline significant relationship with adaline concentration and total alkaloid concentration, which could be further explored with laboratory reared individuals. The sexual dimorphism in alkaloid content, which seems likely due to differences in synthesis, might be related to their relative costs to the two sexes and might provide insight into the evolution of alkaloid diversity in ladybirds.
Complete biosynthetic pathway of furochromones and its evolutionary mechanism in Apiaceae plants
Authors: Ye Min , Zou Jianlin , Li Hongye , Nie Bao , Wang Zi-Long , Zhao Chunxue , Tian Yungang , Lin Liqun , Xu Weizhe , Hou Zhuangwei , Sun Wenkai , Han Xiaoxu , Zhang Meng , Wang Hao-Tian , Li Qingyan , Wang Li
Published: July 2024

Furochromones are bioactive and specific secondary metabolites of many Apiaceae plants. Their biosynthesis remains largely unexplored. In this work, we dissected the complete biosynthetic pathway of major furochromones in the medicinal plant Saposhnikovia divaricata by characterizing novel prenyltransferase, peucenin cyclase, methyltransferase, hydroxylase, and glycosyltransferases. De novo biosynthesis of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and 5-O-methylvisamminoside was then realized in tobacco leaves. Through comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses, we further found that proximal duplication and high expression of a pentaketide chromone synthase gene SdPCS, together with the presence of a lineage-specific peucenin cyclase gene SdPC, led to the predominant accumulation of furochromones in the roots of S. divaricata among surveyed Apiaceae plants. This study paves the way for metabolic engineering production of furochromones, and sheds light into evolutionary mechanism of furochromone biosynthesis among Apiaceae plants.
Education for Sustainable Development: Moral and Environmental Choice
Authors: Sabrekova Maria S. ,   Glazovsky State Pedagogical Institute named after V. G. Korolenko
Published: July 2024

The relevance of the article is due to the need to consider the issue of an environmentally-oriented moral position formation in students in assessing human behavior in the environment. The article points out the objective obstacles in the formation of the indicated skills in students in connection with the anthropo- and ecocentric attitudes of ecological consciousness that are adjacent in the content of modern education and mutually exclusive to each other, unreflected textbook authors and teachers. This has determined the purpose of the article, which is to update the problem of the formation of a conscious moral and ecological position among students in assessing human behavior in the environment and identifying the features of its formation by means of archetypally significant cultural concepts. The article puts forward a hypothesis and substantiates the need to develop in the younger generation the ability to give an environmentally oriented moral assessment of human behavior in terms of its impact on the environmental quality of the common environment for all, a conscious moral and environmental choice in situations containing an anthropo- or ecocentric context, on basis of national values, based on ethno-cultural archetypal cultural concepts. The main research methods are theoretical methods aimed at creating theoretical generalizations that allow revealing the essence of an environmentally-oriented moral choice and assessment, as well as the leading provisions of cultural and linguoculturological approaches. The ability to make a moral and ecological choice and its justification not only from the point of view of legal norms, but also from the position of the ecological imperative is considered as one of the central ones in education for sustainable development. It is assumed that taking into account the findings obtained as a result of the study will allow teachers to reconsider the issue of the content of educational materials from the point of view of the cultural patterns of behavior in the environment contained in them, based on the tasks of modern education in the formation of an ecological culture of youth.
Problems of Formation of Children’s Interest in Sustainable Development
Authors: Shmelkova Natalya A. ,   Institute for Educational Development Strategy of the Russian Academy of Education
Published: July 2024

Youth is considered the vanguard of change, building a society of sustainable development. However, sociological surveys show that in our country only a few percent of young people, including schoolchildren, know about the ideas of sustainable development. There are even fewer of them who are ready to do something for sustainable development. At the same time, the number of passive, indifferent to the changes taking place in society, socially apathetic, who are “not interested in anything” is growing. The purpose of the study is to analyze the attitude of teachers to the problem of reducing the cognitive interest of students. Empirical research methods make it possible to collect material indicating that a third of teachers do not pay special attention to the development of curiosity in schoolchildren, the formation of their readiness for socially significant activities. The author substantiates the need to study the state of their interest in learning in general among younger schoolchildren, which determines the cognitive interest in learning and the formation of the motivational sphere of the individual. With insufficient attention of teachers and educators to this problem in elementary school, the risk of a decrease in learning interest and loss of learning motivation in basic school increases; substitution of spiritual needs for material ones; “departure” into the virtual world, and the desire to change reality and the environment for the better do not fall into the sphere of interest of a teenager. The article actualizes the problem of studying by teachers and school psychologists the sphere of interests of younger schoolchildren and the purposeful development of their interest in knowledge, the prospects for the research in the context of a wide range of environmental issues, education of empathy, readiness for empathy and complicity in socially significant matters are outlined. Recommendations are given to elementary school teachers on what signs of the child’s behavior should be paid attention to in time to prevent the development of social apathy in them.
Teacher Evaluation Documents and Procedures in High-Performing APR–Countries: Hong Kong and Singapore
Authors:   School of Education, Far Eastern Federal University, Korshunova Natalia L. , Matveeva Elena F. ,   Spassky Teachers’ Training College
Published: July 2024

The paper highlights the issue of teacher’s professional competence assessment and standardization in teacher professional activity as essential for improving teaching quality. The authors refer to the best-world experience in teacher evaluation and accountability in two top-performing educational systems in the world – those of Hong Kong and Singapore. This paper is an in-depth case study that aims to describe and compare the competency-based tools used there for teacher performance evaluation. The following aspects of the documents are paid attention to in the paper: the purpose of the standards/document, the target groups and, the structure. In the course of the research, some theoretical methods, including a comparative analysis, the method of evaluation and systematization of the used materials on the selected theme were used. The analysis of the professional standards for teachers in Hong Kong and Singapore has shown that, along with the differences in certain aspects, there are some features which are likely to make them effective in practice. It is assumed that using these documents contribute to holding these countries’ senior positions in performing teacher assessment systems and in the sphere of world education as well. The paper concludes by suggesting its contribution to the discussion of the problem of the development and implementation of a proper unified national teacher evaluation and accountability system based on competency-oriented teacher standards in Russia. It is also expected that the findings could be useful in the development of the Unified Federal Evaluation Materials for teacher assessment and accountability in the country.
Molecular Docking of Acetylacetone-Based Oxindole Against Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase: Study of Energy Minimization
Authors: Josaphat Frans , Fadlan Arif
Published: July 2024

Molecular docking plays an essential role in drug discovery because it is more efficient and more affordable compared to traditional synthesis methods and biological assays. Molecular docking determines the conformation and affinity of non-covalent bonds between macromolecules (receptors) and small molecules (ligands) computationally. Energy minimization carried generally out by using the Merck Molecular Force Field 94 (MMFF94) force field produces ligands with the most stable conformation. MarvinSketch and Open Babel for energy minimization were utilized in this docking study of acetylacetone-based oxindole derivatives to 2,3-dioxygenase indoleamine macromolecules (IDO-1, PDB: 2D0T). The results showed that MarvinSketch provides better binding energy than energy minimization with Open Babel. Molecular docking indicated different interactions between 2D0T macromolecule residues with ligands that have been prepared using MarvinSketch, Open Babel, and without energy minimization.
Bacteriological quality and safety of handwashing water among food service establishments in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Melkamu Misganaw , Sitotaw Baye , Tadesse Beselam
Published: July 2024

Unsafe handwashing water (HWW) has been one of the public health concerns in developing nations like Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the bacteriological quality and safety of HWW and associated risk factors in food service establishments (FEs) (hotels, restaurants, and cafes) in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to August 2023. Total coliforms (TC) and fecal coliforms (FC) were enumerated using the membrane filtration method. In addition, potentially pathogenic bacteria were isolated from samples that tested positive for coliforms. The antibacterial susceptibility profile of the isolated bacteria was also determined using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Based on the results, 87.2% (for TC) and 52.9% (for FC) of the HWW did not meet water quality standards. The presence of unlicensed managers, untrained food handlers, and poor levels of knowledge and practices on hygiene among HWW were found to be associated risk factors for FC contamination. All the isolated bacteria were resistant to amoxicillin and tetracycline, but susceptible to ciprofloxacin. Moreover, 66–77% of the isolates were multi-drug resistant. Thus, the HWW in FEs of Gondar Town is unsafe for human health, and appropriate measures are needed to control the risks.
Análisis de política de acceso a la educación superior según los Planes de Desarrollo en Colombia 1961-1990: un enfoque de equidad
Authors: Henríquez Algarín Hermes de Jesús
Published: July 2024

La historia reciente de la educación superior (ES) en Colombia muestra la falta de acceso a ella como un problema relacionado con la política educativa, lo que revela los factores asociados con el alto porcentaje de personas que no acceden a la educación superior y su impacto en el bienestar de la población. En este contexto, el presente artículo revisa la relación que existe entre la política pública y la desigualdad y la inequidad en el acceso a la ES en Colombia desde 1961 a 1990. Metodológicamente, la investigación desarrolló un enfoque mixto que integró el análisis de contenido cualitativo de la política en educación según los Planes Nacionales de Desarrollo. Preliminarmente, se encontró que la desigualdad en el acceso a la ES tiene como base la inequidad de la política en educación, puesto que la cobertura, la equidad y la igualdad en el acceso a la ES alcanzó insuficientes resultados en la historia, puesto que su énfasis en el periodo indicado estuvo en los factores socioeconómicos, sexo y extra edad.
Legal Regulation of the Digital Transformation of Local Self-Government in the BRICS Countries
Authors: Lipchanskaya M. , Channov S. , Churikova A.
Published: July 2024

This article presents an analysis of strategies used for the legal regulation of digital transformation processes at the municipal level in the BRICS countries. A systematic analysis of modern trends in the legal regulation of digital transformation in Brazil, South Africa, India and China was carried out, and the features and general directions of this process were highlighted. The authors noted a variety of different approaches to normalizing digital processes in management, ranging from fixing basic principles at the constitutional level to developing “flexible” regulation constitutionally mandated through by-laws and state political and legal documents. It is shown that the digitalization of public administration is primarily focused on the level of national government, since financial resources are specifically concentrated at the highest level of governance. It is concluded that the specificity of local government, manifested in a high degree of self-government and participation of the population in solving life support issues, objectively requires a shift in the emphasis of digitalization to the local level of government. It has been proven that this process requires strategic state planning on the part of the state for the digitalization of local self-government, taking into account the elimination of the “digital divide” in municipalities. The authors propose the implementation and development of the “smart city” concept in the BRICS countries with a differentiated scale of digitalization criteria for the various municipalities.
The Changes of the Basic Rights in the Current Constitution of China
Authors: Weiming W. , Symaniuk N.
Published: July 2024

The current Constitution of the People’s Republic of China is the 1982 Constitution, which is the fourth constitution after the founding of the People’s Republic of China. The provisions of the current Constitution on the fundamental rights of citizens are generally similar to those of the first Constitution of 1954, but are more specific, while the freedom of movement provided for in the 1954 Constitution is deleted. The 1975 Constitution and the 1978 Constitution are the second and third Constitutions, respectively. Because of their special historical period, the provisions on fundamental rights in these two constitutions are retrogressive and failing. The historical background of the revision of the Constitution, the possibility of realizing rights and the level of social development are the main reasons for determining the provisions of the basic rights of citizens in the 1982 Constitution. In 2004, the current Constitution was amended to include “the State respects and protects human rights,” which establishes the constitutional obligation of the State to guarantee human rights. In practice, there is still ongoing debate over how the State’s guarantee obligations are implemented and whether citizens can file lawsuits if they believe that their fundamental rights have been violated. In recent years, the recordation review has partially realized the supervision of legislation that may infringe on citizens’ basic rights by reviewing the constitutionality and legality of laws and regulations, but citizens have not been able to directly protect their rights through litigation. The changes in the basic rights of citizens in terms of constitutional provisions and legal guarantees over the past 40 years are the result of the development of the rule of law in China. In order to more effectively solve the problem of constitutional rights from text to reality, it is also necessary to further develop the constitutional review system.
Study of the Anticonvulsant Activity of the Simultaneous Administration of Melatonin, Agmatine and Vitamin D3 on Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures in Mice
Authors: Naeini Ali Jamshidi , Mehrzadi Saeed , Azimirad Fahime , Hosseinzadeh Azam
Published: July 2024

Background:

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by a decreased level of
vitamins and endogenous antioxidants and an enhanced level of oxidative stress.

Objective:

We designed this study to define the effects of combining melatonin, vitamin D3 (Vit
D3), and agmatine on seizures caused by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in male NMRI mice.

Methods:

The experimental groups were as follows: the first group was administered normal saline
(0.5 ml, i.p.) on the last day of the trial, and the second group was administered intraperitoneal
PTZ (60 mg/kg) on that day. Pre-treatment with diazepam (4 mg/kg), vitamin D3 (6000
IU/kg, p.o.), agmatine (40 mg/kg, p.o.), and melatonin (20 mg/kg, p.o) was given to the next four
groups before injecting PTZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.). The last group received a compound therapy of vitamin
D3, melatonin, and agmatine before PTZ injection. Afterward, the latency, duration, and
oxidative stress indications were evaluated in the brains of mice.

Results:

Treatments enhanced the latency of seizure and reduced seizure duration in comparison
with the PTZ group; the compound group increased seizure latency more than Vit D3, agmatine,
and melatonin groups and decreased the duration more than pre-treatment with Vit D3. We observed
enhancement in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity in the treatment
groups, while in the combination group, elevating CAT activity was comparable with Vit D3 and
agmatine groups. The malondialdehyde level decreased in diazepam, agmatine, melatonin, and
combination groups.

Conclusion:

The compound treatment was more efficient than each one alone in improving PTZinduced
seizure, which may result from suppressing oxidative stress.
Neurological Manifestations Following Traumatic Brain Injury: Role of Behavioral, Neuroinflammation, Excitotoxicity, Nrf-2 and Nitric Oxide
Authors: Goyal Lav , Singh Shamsher
Published: July 2024

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is attributed to a forceful impact on the brain caused by
sharp, penetrating bodies, like bullets and any sharp object. Some popular instances like falls, traffic
accidents, physical assaults, and athletic injuries frequently cause TBI. TBI is the primary cause of
both mortality and disability among young children and adults. Several individuals experience psychiatric
problems, including cognitive dysfunction, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and
anxiety, after primary injury. Behavioral changes post TBI include cognitive deficits and emotional
instability (anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder). These alterations are linked to
neuroinflammatory processes. On the other hand, the direct impact mitigates inflammation insult by
the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, exacerbating neuronal
injury and contributing to neurodegeneration. During the excitotoxic phase, activation of glutamate
subunits like NMDA enhances the influx of Ca2+ and leads to mitochondrial metabolic impairment
and calpain-mediated cytoskeletal disassembly. TBI pathological insult is also linked to transcriptional
response suppression Nrf-2, which plays a critical role against TBI-induced oxidative stress.
Activation of NRF-2 enhances the expression of anti-oxidant enzymes, providing neuroprotection.
A possible explanation for the elevated levels of NO is that the stimulation of NMDA receptors by
glutamate leads to the influx of calcium in the postsynaptic region, activating NOS's constitutive
isoforms.
Long-term Remission in Functioning Pituitary Adenomas after Medical
Therapy Withdrawal: A Chance for Cushing’s Disease
Authors: Mondin Alessandro , Ceccato Filippo , Scaroni Carla , Barbot Mattia
Published: July 2024

Background:

The possibility of sustained disease remission in functioning pituitary adenomas
after drug withdrawal is well-known for prolactinomas and it has also been described in a
subset of acromegalic patients. Similarly, medical treatment for Cushing’s Disease (CD) is generally
considered a life-long measure except for previously radio-treated patients. Sparse evidence
of spontaneous remissions in CD has been reported, mainly related to a possible pituitary tumor
apoplexy. To the best of our knowledge, none of these cases has included the use of a pituitary targeting
agent.

Case Presentation:

Herein, we have reported the case of a radiotherapy-naïve patient with persistent
CD after pituitary surgery who participated in the CSOMG230 trials, presenting sustained remission
after Long-acting Release (LAR) pasireotide withdrawal. We have also briefly reviewed
previous cases of sustained remission after somatostatin analogues withdrawal in other functioning
pituitary adenomas. Under monthly pasireotide LAR 40 mg, the patient achieved urinary hormone
control and clinical signs of cortisol excess normalization. After 8 years of treatment, the patient
completed the study protocol and had to withdraw the drug as it was no longer available for
CD in Italy. Before starting new therapies, we reassessed hormone levels that were surprisingly
within normal ranges. At 24 months after the last dose of pasireotide, the patient was still in clinical
and biochemical full remission.

Conclusion:

Far from the general rule, this case suggests that prolonged treatment with
pasireotide LAR might induce a durable CD remission. A dose down-titration/suspension might
be considered in patients well-controlled on long-term therapy and with negative pituitary imaging.
However, close monitoring is recommended given the high rate of complications in untreated
patients.
High-temperature Corrosion of Coal-based Thermal Power Plants, Gas Turbines, and Steam Turbines
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Kumar Santosh , Singh Rupinder
Published: July 2024

Hot corrosion is a critical challenge in the designing and functioning of
coal-based power plants, gas turbines and steam turbines. The economic loss due to hot
corrosion is very high. Many researchers are working to combat hot corrosion, but only
a few researchers have reduced hot corrosion to some extent by various surface
modification techniques. However, coatings deposited by the thermal spray process
offer better results in combating hot corrosion. Thermal spray techniques are a
promising way to apply dense, defect-free adherent coatings to components, increasing
both their performance and lifetime. Thus, the core objective of this chapter is to
provide a review of different thermal spray coating methods, coating materials,
advantages, and disadvantages. Finally, the most recent industrial advances in thermal
spray technologies to combat corrosion in high-temperature applications are provided.
Corrosion, Wear, Erosion, and Abrasion in Hydropower Plants by Thermal Spray Coatings
Authors: Singh Harvinder , Kumar Manoj , Kumar Satish , Singh Swarn
Published: July 2024

Hydropower plants, thermal power plants, offshore, chemical, food
processing, oil sectors, etc., all have difficulties with erosion, abrasion, and corrosion
regularly. These issues impact a variety of hydraulic equipment and pipeline circuit
components (pipelines, elbows, reducers, separators, tees, and seals). One application
where these three issues consistently arise is a hydropower plant. However, one of the
main issues with Indian hydropower facilities is silt erosion in the hydro-turbines and
their parts. Hard particles like quartz, feldspar, and other minerals may be found in
Indian rivers. More than 50% of the quartz in the silt contributes to several issues with
hydro-turbines, including sediment erosion, leaky flow, disruptions in secondary flow,
etc. As a result, these issues have an impact on the hydro-power plant's overall
performance. The numerous failures of the components placed in hydropower facilities'
impulse and response turbines are discussed in this chapter. Additionally, this chapter
provides information on different turbine materials and their characteristics. Based on
silt characteristics, material properties, and flow phenomena in various hydro-turbines,
several numerical models of erosion abrasion are addressed. Different thermal spraying
methods for turbine materials are compared and contrasted. To regulate wear and
safeguard hydro-turbines, this chapter reviews the literature on wear mechanisms,
models, pilot plant loops or rigs/testers, and protective strategies.
Overview of Orthopedic Implant Materials and Associated Problems
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Kumar Meghul , Kumar Mohit , Luthra Gaurav , Goga Geetesh
Published: July 2024

Orthopedic Implant is a high-risk medical device. Its main function is
stabilization and fixation of bone but some are functional devices like hip arthroscopy,
knee joint replacement implants, spinal cages, etc. Some common materials used to
manufacture implants are Titanium, Titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) as per ISO 5832-3,
Stainless Steel-316 as per ISO 5832-1, tantalum, bioabsorbable material like PLLA,
PGA, PLDLA, etc. The implant should have some fundamental properties such as
being biocompatible, corrosion resistant, and having good mechanical properties.
Though the implants have these properties, some complications like bacterial adhesion
cause infection, poor osseointegration, and loosening of the implant. To overcome
these complications, one of the effective and simple solutions is coating. The coating
can enhance osseointegration, reduce infection, increase bone ingrowth and mechanical
strength, etc. The coating of a material with desirable properties over the implant is a
tough and complex process. The antibacterial coating materials are chitosan,
gentamicin, Rifampicin, Titanium oxide, etc. Similarly, the coating material for
osseointegration is hydroxyapatite (HA), extracellular matrix (ECM), magnesium
coating, etc. There are different technique for coating materials like the Dip-Coating
method, magnetron sputtering, sol-gel technique, electrophoretic deposition, etc.
Although coating is the most effective way to overcome some above-mentioned
complications, most of the implants are sold on the market without coating. Coating is
a complicated and costly process. It is still in its niche in research and development,
however, it has a lot of potential for the future. Hence, in this chapter, the author
mainly focuses on orthopedics implant materials, associated problems, and distinct
coating materials techniques, which are discussed in detail.
EFEKTIVITAS PASTA KASEIN SUSU KAMBING PERANAKAN ETAWA TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KADAR KALSIUM DAN FOSFOR GIGI PERMANEN
Authors: Hartami Edina , El Milla Lalita , Sutanti Viranda , Khoerunnisa Widyana
Published: July 2024

Latar Belakang : Gigi dapat mengalami kondisi kehilangan mineral yang merupakan bahan penyusun gigi. Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phophate (CPP-ACP) dapat mempertahankan ion kalsium dan fosfat di permukaan gigi untuk menjaga keadaan netral pada enamel sehingga fungsi buffer saliva tetap terjaga dan mendorong proses remineralisasi. Susu kambing PE mengandung kasein yang dapat melepaskan Casein phosphopeptide (CPP) yang nantinya akan berikatan dengan kalsium dan fosfat pada gigi kemudian membentuk amorf calcium-phosphate (ACP) lalu terstabilkan menjadi CPPACP. Tujuan : Membuktikan efektivitas pasta kasein susu kambing PE terhadap peningkatan kadar kalsium dan fosfor gigi permanen. Metode : Permukaan bukal sampel gigi permanen diulasi dengan pasta kasein susu kambing PE dengan konsentrasi 10%, 20%, 30%, dan didiamkan selama 5 menit. Setelah itu, sampel direndam dalam saliva buatan dan disimpan dalam incubator selama 24 jam pada suhu 37°C selama 14 hari. Pengujian kadar kalsium dan fosfor gigi permanen dilakukan menggunakan X-ray Fluorescence (XRF). Hasil : Uji perbandingan menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan peningkatan kadar kalsium (sig<0.05) dan tidak terdapat perbedaan peningkatan kadar fosfor (sig>0.05). Kesimpulan : Pasta kasein susu kambing PE 10% efektif meningkatkan kadar kalsium gigi permanen, tetapi tidak efektif meningkatkan kadar fosfor gigi permanen.
Dental Age Assessment Using Demirjian and Cameriere’s Methods In an Iranian Population During 2017-To 2018
Authors: Mohammadi Zahra
Published: July 2024

The present study aimed to compare the two dental age (DA) estimation methods of Cameriere and Demirjian among 6-14 year-old children in Tehran in 2017-2018. This cross-sectional analytical study involved 306 panoramic images from 153 girls and 153 boys. The DA of participants was estimated by Cameriere’s and Demirjian’s methods. The data were statistically analyzed by the paired sample t-test, repeated measures ANOVA, and the independent t-test. Finally, a formula suitable for Iranian society was developed based on the results of regression analysis. The mean age estimation error was +0.89 years for Demirjian’s method (+0.86 in boys and +0.93 in girls) and -0.20 years for Cameriere’s method (-0.20 in boys and -0.10 in girls). There was a significant difference between the DA calculated by Cameriere’s and Demirjian’s methods and the chronological age. There was no significant difference between Cameriere’s and Demirjian’s methods in this context. The formula developed in this study could estimate the age of participants with an accuracy of above +0.008 (+0.009 in boys and +0.006 in girls). However, the results indicated no significant difference between the proposed formula and Cameriere’s method in the accuracy of age estimation.The accuracy of Cameriere’s method was higher than that of Demirjian’s method, but the formula proposed for Iranian society was more accurate than both of them. The Cameriere method underestimated and the Demirjian method overestimated the age.