bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The simplest method for the accurate determination of noon
Authors: Perea Álvarez de Eulate Martín Antonio
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we present the simplest possible method for the precise determination of solar noon in mean solar time, based only on the value of the equation of time corresponding to a predetermined time for the observer, constant throughout the year. This represents a revolutionary simplification of the appendix of the universally known SPA (Solar Position Algorithm, NREL) regarding solar noon. Given that the proposed simple method does not entail a significant loss of precision, it is especially useful for university students or postgraduate students in photovoltaic/solar thermal energy or developers who wish to quickly calculate solar noon or create their own software for analysis or research. In addition, an interpolative procedure is presented to further enhance the precision of the method, although such improvement will not be necessary in the majority of cases.
First-principles study of phase-dependent carrier transport mechanism for MASnI3 Sn-based halide perovskite
Authors: Li Mingming , Fei Jiajia , Zhang Xiaojiao , Li Jialin , Tong Chuanjia , Long Mengqiu
Published: July 2024

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have attracted tremendous attentions owing to their excellent properties as next-generation photovoltaic devices. With soft covalent framework, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites exhibit different phases at different temperatures. The band-edge features of perovskites are mainly contributed by inorganic framework, which means the structural differences between these phases would lead to complex carrier transport. We investigated the carrier transport of Sn-based organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite CH3NH3SnI3 (MASnI3), considering acoustic deformation potential scattering, ionized impurity scattering, and polar optical phonon scattering. It is found that the electron mobility of each phase of MASnI3 is strongly correlated with the Sn–I–Sn bond angle and there is in-plane/out-of-plane anisotropy. The projected crystal orbital Hamilton population analysis suggested that the tilt and rotation of the [SnI6]4− octahedron influence the Sn(p)–I(p) orbital electron coupling and the electron transport, leading to different band-edge features in multiple phases. The carrier mobility with respect to temperature was further calculated for each phase of MASnI3 in respective temperature intervals, showing lower carrier mobility in high temperature. Comparing the contribution of different scattering mechanisms, it was found that the dominant scattering mechanism is polar optical phonon scattering, while multiple scattering mechanisms compete in individual cases.
A novel domain adaptive method for gearbox fault diagnosis using maximum multiple-classifier discrepancy network
Authors: Bao Huaiqian , Zhao Yonglong , Xu Yufeng , Wang Jinrui , Zhang Zongzhen , Han Baokun
Published: July 2024

Domain adaptive gearbox fault diagnosis methods have made impressive achievements for the past several years. However, most of the traditional domain adaptive methods have significant limitations under fluctuating operating conditions. The acquired acceleration signals will result in different signal vibration spectra and peak vibration amplitudes due to the different working conditions between the source and target domains. There is an obvious discrepancy between the distribution of fault samples in the source domain and the target domain, which in turn makes it difficult to classify the target domain samples with fuzzy fault category boundaries. Therefore, how to measure the discrepancy between two distributions has been an important research direction in machine learning. A good metric helps to discover better features and build better models. In this paper, a novel domain adaptive method for gearbox fault diagnosis using maximum multiple-classifier discrepancy network (MMCDN) is proposed. The sparse stack autoencoder is used by the MMCDN as a feature extractor for fault feature extraction, and a kind of composite distance is adopted for domain discrepancy measurement of source and target domain features for domain alignment. Then the extracted features are input into a three-classifier of the model for adversarial training. The trained model classifiers have high performance in fault classification. The combination of domain adaptation and multi-classifier discrepancy output can effectively solve the impact of working condition changes and the misclassification problem for fuzzy samples with class boundaries. Experimental validation with two planetary gearbox datasets shows that the MMCDN has more favorable diagnostic accuracy and performance than other methods.
Unsupervised denoising of the non-invasive fetal electrocardiogram with sparse domain Kalman filtering and vectorcardiographic loop alignment
Authors: de Vries I R , van Laar J O E H , van der Hout-van der Jagt M B , Vullings R
Published: July 2024

Objective. Even though the electrocardiogram (ECG) has potential to be used as a monitoring or diagnostic tool for fetuses, the use of non-invasive fetal ECG is complicated by relatively high amounts of noise and fetal movement during the measurement. Moreover, machine learning-based solutions to this problem struggle with the lack of clean reference data, which is difficult to obtain. To solve these problems, this work aims to incorporate fetal rotation correction with ECG denoising into a single unsupervised end-to-end trainable method. Approach. This method uses the vectorcardiogram (VCG), a three-dimensional representation of the ECG, as an input and extends the previously introduced Kalman-LISTA method with a Kalman filter for the estimation of fetal rotation, applying denoising to the rotation-corrected VCG. Main results. The resulting method was shown to outperform denoising auto-encoders by more than 3 dB while achieving a rotation tracking error of less than 33∘. Furthermore, the method was shown to be robust to a difference in signal to noise ratio between electrocardiographic leads and different rotational velocities. Significance. This work presents a novel method for the denoising of non-invasive abdominal fetal ECG, which may be trained unsupervised and simultaneously incorporates fetal rotation correction. This method might prove clinically valuable due the denoised fetal ECG, but also due to the method’s objective measure for fetal rotation, which in turn might have potential for early detection of fetal complications.
Destructive interference as the origin of the Hardy scenario
Authors: Seiler Johannes , Strohm Thomas , Schleich Wolfgang P
Published: July 2024

We cast the Hardy scenario in the language of interfering probability amplitudes, and show that the corresponding counter-intuitive predictions of quantum theory are a consequence of destructive interference.
Interconversion between block coherence and multipartite entanglement in many-body systems
Authors: Wang Yu-Hui , Ren Li-Hang , Hu Ming-Liang , Bai Yan-Kui
Published: July 2024

Coherence is intrinsically related to projective measurement. When the fixed projective measurement involves higher-rank projectors, the coherence resource is referred to as block coherence, which comes from the superposition of orthogonal subspaces. Here, we establish a set of quantitative relations for the interconversion between block coherence and multipartite entanglement under the framework of the block-incoherent operations. It is found that the converted multipartite entanglement is upper bounded by the initial block coherence of single-party system. Moreover, the generated multipartite entanglement can be transferred to its subsystems and restored to block coherence of the initial single-party system by means of local block-incoherent operations and classical communication. In addition, when only the coarse-grained quantum operations are accessible for the ancillary subsystems, we further demonstrate that a lossless resource interconversion is still realizable, and give a concrete example in three four-level systems. Our results provide a versatile approach to utilize different quantum resources in a cyclic fashion.
A wideband polarization diversified MIMO antenna with improved isolation using machine learning optimized metasurface absorber
Authors: Dwivedi Ajay Kumar , Manjunath M N , Shukla Ankita , Singh Suyash Kumar , Sharma Anand , Singh Vivek
Published: July 2024

This communication presents a model and optimization of a dual-sense circularly polarized (RHCP/LHCP) 2-port MIMO antenna with increased isolation. The antenna operates in a broad frequency range of 1.76–4.0 GHz and is loaded with a metasurface. It has dimensions of 98.5 × 39 mm2 and an edge-to-edge distance of 55.5 mm. The MIMO antenna is created by replicating a single unit and placing it in a mirrored configuration around the y-axis. The dimensions of the unit antenna are 40 × 39 × 0.8 mm3 and it is printed on a substrate made of FR4 with a thickness of 0.8 mm. The substrate has a relative permittivity (ε
r) of 4.4 and a loss tangent (tanδ) of 0.02. The isolation between the ports may be enhanced by including a metasurface absorber, increasing from 12 dB to 23 dB. To verify the wideband and CP properties, we examine the MIMO antenna unit element for its reflection coefficient, peak gain (4.2 dB), radiation efficiency (about 90%), axial ratio, and surface current distribution. Machine learning is used to improve the design of metasurface unit cells to achieve optimum absorption. The Envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), Diversity gain (DG), and Channel capacity loss (CCL) of the proposed metasurface absorber-enabled antenna are simulated and calculated to prove its MIMO identity. The HFSS simulations are consistent with the experimental results obtained from the developed model.
Multi-condition adaptive detail characterization model of magnetorheological dampers and experimental verification
Authors: Lei Bingyue , Li Jiahao , Fu Benyuan , Zhao Feng , Liao Changrong
Published: July 2024

The theoretical model for predicting the damping characteristics of magnetorheological dampers (MRDs) is significant for enhancing the design efficiency of the control algorithm. However, some existing theoretical models face limitations in characterizing MRD damping characteristics simultaneously in terms of nonlinear detail characterization and adaptability to variable working conditions. Therefore, this paper proposed the Composite Double-Boltzmann (CDB) model combining the Double-Boltzmann (DB) function widely used in the field of biology and chemistry for its strong nonlinear characterization capability. Utilizing this model to fit the sinusoidal vibration testing data of the MRD prototype under variable combination working conditions, obtaining quantitative relationships between the undetermined parameters in the CDB model and the excitation current, vibration frequency, and amplitude to enable the model to address both the nonlinear details characterization of MRDs and adaptability to variable working conditions. Subsequently, the validity of the quantitative relationships were verified by comparing the calculated parameter values using the quantitative relationships with the original accurate parameter values. In order to verify the validity of the CDB model, extensive unknown working condition vibration tests were conducted on the MRD prototype under variable excitation currents, vibration frequencies, amplitudes and random excitation working conditions, employing the CDB and Tanh models to predict the damping characteristics, to compare to demonstrate the CDB model’s capability of adapting to variable working conditions while accurately characterizing the nonlinear details of MRD damping characteristics.
Investigation of scintillation properties of a CsI(Tl) crystal at low temperature for dark matter search
Authors: Park S.D. , Lee J. , Lee H.S. , Kim H.J.
Published: July 2024

The Korea invisible mass search (KIMS) experiment used
CsI(Tl) crystals coupled with photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) to detect
signals from weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) at room
temperature. It is expected that combining CsI(Tl) crystals with
silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) will enhance the detection
performance. However, SiPMs must operate at low temperatures to
reduce the dark count rate. In this study, we examined the
temperature dependence of CsI(Tl) crystal properties, including
light yield, α/β ratio, decay time, and pulse shape
discrimination, before integrating it with a SiPM. The CsI(Tl)
crystal was placed in a low-temperature chamber with a radiation
source, and scintillation photons were detected by a PMT positioned
outside the chamber. The response of CsI(Tl) to α-particles
and γ-rays was examined across temperatures ranging from
10 K to 300 K.
Residential energy demand, emissions, and expenditures at regional and income-decile level for alternative futures
Authors: Sampedro Jon , Waldhoff Stephanie T , Edmonds James A , Iyer Gokul , Msangi Siwa , Narayan Kanishka B , Patel Pralit , Wise Marshall
Published: July 2024

Income and its distribution profile are important determinants of residential energy demand and carry direct implications for human well-being and climate. We explore the sensitivity of residential energy systems to income growth and distribution across shared socioeconomic pathway-representative concentration pathways scenarios using a global, integrated, multisector dynamics model, Global Change Analysis Model, which tracks national/regional household energy services and fuel choice by income decile. Nation/region energy use patterns across deciles tend to converge over time with aggregate income growth, as higher-income consumers approach satiation levels in floorspace and energy services. However, in some regions, existing within-region inequalities in energy consumption persist over time due to slow income growth in lower income groups. Due to continued differences in fuel types, lower income groups will have higher exposure to household air pollution, despite lower contributions to greenhouse gas emissions. We also find that the share of income dedicated to energy is higher for lower deciles, with strong regional differences.
Response theory identifies reaction coordinates and explains critical phenomena in noisy interacting systems
Authors: Zagli N , Lucarini V , Pavliotis G A
Published: July 2024

We consider a class of nonequilibrium systems of interacting agents with pairwise interactions and quenched disorder in the dynamics featuring, in the thermodynamic limit, phase transitions. We identify mathematical conditions on the microscopic interaction structure, namely the separability of the interaction kernel, that lead to a dimension reduction of the system in terms of a finite number of reaction coordinates (RCs). Such RCs prove to be proper nonequilibrium thermodynamic variables as they carry information on correlation, memory and resilience properties of the system. Phase transitions can be identified and quantitatively characterised as singularities of the complex valued susceptibility functions associated to the RCs. We provide analytical and numerical evidence of how the singularities affect the physical properties of finite size systems.
Effect of shade tree on nutrient concentration in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) leaves
Authors: Amriani R S , Zaitun Z , Mayani N , Erika C , Hidayat F
Published: July 2024

Leaf tissue analysis is a measurement of the levels of elements contained in plant leaves. In this case, the leaves can describe the amount of absorption of a nutrient because most of the assimilation results are collected in them. The nutrients that can be absorbed by plant roots are the amount of nutrients available in the soil. The use of shade trees with different types of sunlight absorption intensity causes the conditions for leaf nutrient absorption in plants to also vary. This research was needed to determine the effect of shade type on the nutrient concentration of nitrogen, (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in the leaves of Arabica coffee plants. This research was carried out at the Koperasi Ribang Gayo Musara, Pantan Musara Village, Pegasing Subdistrict, Central Aceh District, Aceh, and the Agricultural Instrument Standardization Agency (BSIP) Aceh. This research used a non-factorial Randomized Block Design with five treatments where each treatment 4 replications. Treatments consisted of types of shade plants on coffee plants, namely, control/no shade, small lamtoro shade (Leucaena leucocephala ssp. leucocephala), big lamtoro shade (Leucaena leucocephala subsp. glabrata), banana shade (Musa paradisiaca L.), avocado shade (Persea americana Mill.). The results showed that shade tree type significantly affect potassium (K) nutrient levels in coffee plant leaves. Coffee plant shaded by big lamtoro had better N, P and K nutrient levels compared to small lamtoro, banana, avocado, and control.
Stabilization of o/w emulsion using breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) starch modified by heat moisture treatment, acetic acid and combination of both
Authors: Anwar S H , Rahayu R , Yuliani S , Satriana  , Safriani N
Published: July 2024

Exploration to utilize breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) starch as stabilizer in food emulsion is increasing significantly. Breadfruit starch modification using octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) has successfully investigated, however some methods are rarely been applied for breadfruit starch. Therefore, this research aimed to examine the ability of breadfruit starch which was modified using heat moisture treatment (HMT), acetic acid, and combination of both to stabilize oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion. The variables investigated were: 1) the addition of 2% of breadfruit starch modified by HMT, acetic acid and combination of both methods, and 2) the percentage of oil (25% and 40%). The stability of o/w emulsion was measured by the creaming index (CI), emulsifying activity (EA), observation of visible boundaries during storage and the size of droplets using light microscope. The results showed that the highest CI value (53.7%) was obtained in an emulsion with 25% oil stabilized by acetic acid modified starch. The higher the oil concentration in emulsion, the smaller the droplets produced. The most stable emulsion was the one prepared by addition of 40% oil and stabilize by 2% modified breadfruit starch using acetic acid. This emulsion has 33.33% CI value, 47.5% EA after 10 days of storage with evenly distributed droplets and almost uniform in size.
Improving productivity of arabica coffee genotype G1 through potassium fertilization
Authors: Hifnalisa H , Jufri Y , Rizka F , Rosmaiti R
Published: July 2024

One of the determinants of coffee productivity is the availability of nutrients in the soil, with potassium being among the essential nutrients required to enhance productivity. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the optimal potassium fertilizer dosage needed to increase the productivity of Arabica coffee plants of the G1 genotype. This study was conducted in the experimental garden of Syiah Kuala University in Bener Meriah Regency, Aceh Province, Indonesia using a Non-Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD). A total of 132 Arabica coffee trees of genotype G1 were randomly selected based on specific criteria, such as 8 years of age, planted with a spacing of 2.5 x 2.5 m, pruned properly, grown under moderately dense shade of Leucaena trees, and well-maintained. The treatments included a control group without potassium fertilizer and multiple groups receiving potassium fertilizers at 29, 58, 87, 116, and 145 kg K2O per hectare. These potassium sources were derived from potassium chloride (KCl) fertilizer containing 58% K2O and Rice Husk Ash containing 2% K2O, respectively. This resulted in 11 treatment units, each comprising 3 coffee trees replicated 4 times, for a total of 44 treatment units. The results showed that potassium fertilization from KCl and Rice Husk Ash had a significant effect on the increased productivity of Arabica coffee genotype G1. The effect was observed based on the number of productive branches per tree, clusters per branch, fruits per cluster, fruits per tree, the weight of red cherries per tree, parchment coffee per tree, green beans per tree, and the green beans yield at 14% moisture content. The optimal potassium fertilizer dosage was 145 kg K2O per hectare, equivalent to 250 kg KCl or 156.25 g KCl per tree. Additionally, it was observed that potassium sourced from KCl was more effective than potassium from Rice Husk Ash due to the longer time the latter takes to improve the productivity of Arabica coffee.
Therapeutic activities of honey in wound care: a narrative review
Authors: Khairan K , Mudatsir M , Diah M , Rizal S , Ikhlas Abdian Putra M , Miftahul Jannah S , Chairani I
Published: July 2024

Honey is a natural product that has a sweet taste and rich in phenolic compounds. Honey also contains some other compounds such as enzymes, amino acids, proteins, sugars, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins and minerals. Honey has a potential as an antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic and antioxidant activity. Honey has an important role in wound healing, with minimum trauma. Honey is an excellent option for wound care managements and useful in other biomedical applications. Some of the advantages of the use of honey for wound care are the accelerated of dermal repair and epithelialization, ability to increase angiogenesis and immune response, and capability to reduce infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms. This paper clarifies the therapeutic properties of honey, and their mechanism of action as an antimicrobial agent, immunological modulator, and physiological mediator in wound healing. This paper also amplifies the main compounds responsible for the wound care capacity. The clinical review, both in vitro and in vivo studies involving in wound are also describes.
Seed invigoration to improve viability, seed vigour and growth of porang seedlings
Authors: Palupi T , Darussalam  , Aprizkiyandari S
Published: July 2024

The porang planting area is increasingly expanding. Providing seeds from seeds is considered better, but has problems with the dormancy period so efforts need to be sought to overcome them. This research aims to determine the increase in viability and vigor of porang seeds soaked in a functional microbial solution and to obtain the best growing medium for the growth and yield of porang plants. The research was carried out in Pontianak City from April to November 2021. This research consisted of two experiments. The first experiment used a non-factorial completely randomized design (immersion in functional microbial solution) with nine treatments. The variables observed included: vigor index, growth simultaneity, germination capacity, growth speed, plumule and radicle length. The second experiment used a split plot randomized block design, where the main plot was soil type and the subplot was soaking in a functional microbial solution (same as the first experiment). The variables observed included: plant height and tuber weight. The research results showed that SE21 isolate was the best in increasing seed viability and vigor. All functional microbes were equally good at producing plant height in the two growing media. Alluvial soil growing media: cow manure: roasted husks enriched with WH31C isolate produces the heaviest weight of porang tubers.
Chemical characteristics of original robusta coffee beans from Jember fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae starter using the semi-carbonic maceration technique
Authors: Afriliana A , Allenia Q R , Jayus  , Giyarto
Published: July 2024

This research aims to evaluate the chemical characteristics of original robusta coffee beans fermented using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The method used is semi-carbonic maceration with variations in starter concentration (20%, 30%) and fermentation times (24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours). The results of the research showed that samples with 30% concentration of starter and 72 hours fermentation times showed a decrease in chemical compound content with the lowest values, including caffeine content of 0.91%, reducing sugar content of 0.86%, and protein content of 10.79%. On the other hand, control samples without fermentation treatment had the highest values for each chemical compound content. The pH value obtained ranges from 4.97 to 4.47 and has a water content of between 10.20% - 11.37% and based on SNI. This research shows that fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae can have an influence on the quality of original robusta coffee beans and is expected to provide good taste and aroma.
Estimation of genetic parameters of resistance to Anthracnose disease in several genotypes of ornamental Chili (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Hafsah S , Marliah A , Safhira P B , Pratama A I , Nura  , Fazillah S S
Published: July 2024

Ornamental chilies have attractive and varied shapes and fruit colors, so they are liked by consumers. However, ornamental chili plants are susceptible to disease, especially anthracnose. One control that can be done is by assembling resistant cultivars. Resistant cultivars can be determined by estimating genetic parameters to obtain selection characters for resistance to anthracnose disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic parameters of anthracnose disease resistance in several genotypes of ornamental chili plants. This study used a non-factorial randomized block design with four chili genotypes, namely Ayesha, Nazla, Violetta and Syakira, each of which was repeated three times. The results showed that heritability values with high criteria were found in the parameters of fruit length, fruit diameter, weight per fruit, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight per plant, productivity, incidence of ripe chili disease and disease intensity of ripe chili.
Headspace gas chromatography with various sample preparation and chemometric approaches to improve discrimination of wild and feeding civet coffee
Authors: Prajna D , Barea-Sepúlveda M , Calle J L P , Suhandy D , Setyaningsih W , Palma M
Published: July 2024

Civet coffee, or kopi luwak, has attracted significant attention within the coffee industry in certain regions due to its distinct flavor characteristics that arise from the digestive processes of the civet. The ability to discriminate between wild and feeding civet coffee is of major importance in upholding the industry’s established standards of quality and transparency. This study introduces an innovative method to differentiate between these two coffee types using Headspace Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HS-GCMS) with advanced data analysis using machine-learning techniques. This study encompasses seven samples collected from various regions, all of which were subjected to analysis in both roasted and unroasted forms. The data analysis consisted of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), which revealed clear trends that were mostly influenced by processing, indicating how roasting affects the chemical profiles of various coffee types. Further classification was conducted using Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF) machine learning algorithms. SVM exhibited notable accuracy at 90%, effectively discriminating between wild and feeding civet coffee, whereas RF outperformed it with a remarkable 100% accuracy. This study contributes to the field of coffee characterization by presenting a robust approach to discriminate between roasted and unroasted wild and feeding civet coffee. This tool serves as a starting step for a valuable resource for both farmers and customers, as it promotes sustainable and ethical practices while retaining the distinct flavor characteristics of this exceptional specialty coffee.
Re-design of homestay in Takengon city with contemporary Gayo concept
Authors: Ziaulhaq  , Wulandari E , Idawati D E
Published: July 2024

As tourism develops in the city of Takengon, it is considered profitable for lodging business owners, from star-rated accommodation to jasmine classes emerging in the city of Takengon, making competition very tight. One type of accommodation business that is currently competitive and has great potential to grow rapidly is homestay. With the existing land, the arrangement of the homestay building is still not optimal, where the activities and circulation of the owner still mingle with guests. Likewise, the standard of accommodation facilities still needs to be added to maximize services. Generally, homestays are located in residential areas or tourist villages because of their function as a medium of introduction to the surrounding culture. Homestay re-design aims to redesign the homestay building according to its function with a picture of the life of the gayo people living in it, it can also strengthen the quality of homestay in the future as a competitor in the lodging business competition. The contemporary architectural style was chosen due to its characteristics of being contemporary, flexible and related to the principles of gayo architecture. The research method was carried out with literature studies and field surveys. The field survey included observations, interviews and direct observations of the residents of the houses in the housing estate. Then designed new facilities for the homestay such as, special sleeping room, fire kitchen, restaurant, front office, service area, as well as site arrangement in the form of cotage and open space/ebalen. The design is carried out with the concept of applying the rules of gayo contemporary architecture, namely the application of the concept of natural harmony to the zoning of the site and the application of the concept of filigree in the figure of the building appearance.
Natural mangrove associated gastropods at Bengkalis island, Riau Province, Indonesia: prelimanary survey
Authors: Ariyanto D , Pringgenies D
Published: July 2024

Mangroves have different natural and unnatural conditions and are known as marine habitats. The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between gastropods and environmental conditions for monitoring mangrove rehabilitation. The research was conducted from 8th to 16th October 2023 at Bengkalis Island, Riau Province, Indonesia. This research used a survey method with observation of mangroves, marine biota, and environmental parameters on landward, mid ward and seaward. The measurement of marine biota was conducted using a transect of 25 cm x 25 cm and environmental parameters included pH using a pH meter, salinity using a refractometer, and sediment type analysis. pH and salinity values ranged from 5-8 and 14-35 psu. The number of gastropods found was 5 (five) specimens in Bengkalis Island. In general, based on morphology, the weight of each of the largest showed T. telescopium > L. angulifera > C. cingulata > C. obtusa > C. angulifera. The results showed that natural mangroves described more various gastropods. Salinity and pH can also be used as a major limiting factor for mangrove rehabilitation monitoring.
Biomass pellets fuel from coffee peels as a renewable energy source and its application in low emission stove
Authors: Harsono S S
Published: July 2024

The biomass pellet used in this study was mostly composed of coffee peels, which were then blended with tapioca flour and molasses to create a cohesive material. Three distinct binder concentrations namely 10, 15%, and 20 were applied. Tapioca flour and molasses were added to the biomass pellets at different concentrations, which increased their density, ash content, and fixed carbon content while decreasing their moisture and volatile matter contents. It had the following characteristics namely 15.18% fixed carbon content and 610 kg/m3 biomass pellet density, a 0.008 kg/min fuel usage rate, a 3.03 percent ash content, an 81.79% volatile matter content, 8.03% moisture content, and 33.15% thermal efficiency. The design findings were computed using the stove’s dimensions, which were 26.5 cm in diameter and 37 cm in height. This distance, which totals 8 cm, may lessen the furnace and cause burning to produce heat.
Modeling flood characteristics in the Krueng Keureuto river basin in North Aceh regency using the Jams/J2000 application
Authors: Pratama T R Y , Fatimah E , Syahreza S , Julian M M
Published: July 2024

Significant land use changes in the Krueng Keureuto River basin exacerbate flooding annually. Despite intensive flood studies, there’s no mapped information on past and future flood inundation. Flood discharge parameters rely on empirical formulas, overlooking climate factors and flood event data, crucial in flood analysis due to climate change. To comprehensively understand flood characteristics, this research employs the JAMS/J2000 application on climatological data (2010-2020), land use, soil type, and geological maps. Using HRU-Web, Hydrologic Response Units (HRUs) are derived for J2000 modeling, producing four runoff components: overland flow, interflow, fast groundwater, and slow groundwater. Notably, the highest overland flow, or flood runoff, was 23.21 mm on December 26, 2014, with 40.69 mm/day rainfall. Interflow peaked at 6.72 mm on October 8, 2011, with 18.10 mm/day rainfall. Fast groundwater reached 1.28 mm on November 30, 2019, with 13.18 mm/day rainfall, and slow groundwater peaked at 1.04 mm on November 13, 2020, with 48.87 mm/day rainfall. This study provides comprehensive insights into the complex dynamics of flood characteristics in the Krueng Keureuto River basin.
Current dynamics to detect the spread of oil spills in coastal waters
Authors: Qauvani Z R , Irham M , Setiawan I , Joni J
Published: July 2024

Surface flow dynamics modelling is an important aspect of monitoring and detecting oil spills in marine environments, especially coastal waters. The model can predict the spatiotemporal distribution of oil spills in waters before remote sensing technologies such as radar and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) detect the oil spill distribution range. The purpose of this study is to model two-dimensional (2D) surface flow to predict the extent of oil spills, especially in shallow water or coastal areas. The accuracy of this ocean current distribution model was then verified using the case of an oil spill in East Aceh waters based on the results of the detection of synthetic aperture Interference images from the Sentinel-2B satellite Radar (InSAR) Technology from August 1st to September 20th, 2021. The results show that when the fluid dynamics used is residual flow, the oil distribution trajectory moves partly to the north and partly to the south toward the coast of the leak location. However, when mean current is applied, the distribution expands to the south toward the coast. Based on the state of the wind distribution when the oil spill occurred, it shows the same direction as the residual current model, but the influence of the wind is greater than the residual current. So, it can be concluded that oil spills in the waters of East Aceh are more influenced by a combination of mean currents and surface wind direction. These results were validated by the results obtained from satellite images. Therefore, the satellite image validation results indicate that mean flow provide a more accurate indication of oil spill distribution than the average flow in South Aceh waters.
An empirical analysis of sustainability disclosure and its impact on firm performance: a study of companies in the agriculture sector listed on the Indonesian stock exchange
Authors: Zuraida Z , Ihsan M , Husna S
Published: July 2024

The agriculture sector plays a key role in the Indonesian economy, contributing significantly to the nation’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and providing livelihoods to a substantial portion of the population. In the last decades, there has been an increasing appreciation of the importance of sustainability within this sector. However, research exploring the influence of sustainability on company performance within the Indonesian agriculture sector remains limited, highlighting the ongoing need for further research. This study investigates how companies in the Indonesian Stock Exchange’s Agriculture Sector use sustainability disclosure to signal their sustainability practices and how this relates to their firm performance. The sample data of this study comprised of 135 observations of 44 companies listed in the Agriculture Sector from 2020 to 2022. Research data was collected from three sources: the sustainability report, the company’s annual report, and publicly available capital market data. The research data was analysed empirically using multiple linear regression analysis. The results indicate that the relationship between sustainability disclosure and financial performance unfolds as follows: Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) factors positively influence financial performance, as measured by ROA and Return on Equity (ROE), yet exhibit no significant impact on firm performance when measured by Return on capital employed (RoCE). However, it’s noteworthy that, apart from book value, which unexpectedly displays a substantial negative relationship with both Return on Asset (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE), all other control variables align with our expectations. Specifically, current assets, Earnings per Share (EPS), and net profit are consistent with our positive expectations, while current debt and leverage conform to our anticipated negative results.
Spatial analysis of mosque distribution for inclusive community services in Banda Aceh City
Authors: Fuady Z , Aulia F , Jumala M
Published: July 2024

In urban development, social facilities, especially mosques, are crucial in residential areas. This study in Banda Aceh City, governed by Islamic Shari’a principles, explores the multifunctional role of its 110 mosques beyond worship. They serve as hubs for Islamic festivals, educational activities, and communal deliberations. The research aims to analyze the spatial distribution and accessibility of these mosques within residential areas. Using buffer and Nearest Neighbor Analysis, four mosque typologies are identified: 1 provincial mosque, 7 large mosques, 79 jami’ mosques, and 23 public mosques. The scattered distribution pattern, with a ratio of 1.1849, persists across sub-districts. Coverage analysis reveals that mosque services extend to 71.5% of the city, with the Baiturrahman sub-district achieving a 100% coverage. These findings offer crucial insights for urban planning and policy development, emphasizing the potential transformation of mosques into comprehensive community centers addressing diverse social needs beyond their religious functions. This research underscores the importance of strategically aligning mosque provision with local population needs and demographic factors, promoting a more inclusive and integrated urban landscape.
Developing a cost estimation model for efficient road improvement planning: A case study in Aceh Jaya regency
Authors: Muttaqin Z , Sugiarto S , Saleh S M
Published: July 2024

Estimation is a method used to predict financial requirements by analyzing, calculating, and engineering based on field conditions and bidding documents. To enhance efficiency, there is a pressing need for a simple, swift, accurate cost estimation model. Therefore, this study aimed to establish cost estimation model at the initial planning phase of construction work and to assess its accuracy in estimating cost for road improvement using cost significant model (CSM) compared to actual expenses. The fundamental objective was to facilitate the execution of construction work, ensuring the successful completion. Data collection occurred at the (PUPR) in Aceh Jaya Regency, consisting of 25 contracts for road improvement work spanning from 2018 to 2022. The data included the execution year, road area, total variable cost (y), and the categorization of work item as independent variables (xn). Subsequently, the work data was transformed into data per square meter (m2) for each work item by dividing each independent variable by the area of road improvement work. This showed the cost/m2 for each work item (xn) and the total cost (y)/m2. Annual inflation data was obtained from (BPS) of Aceh province used for calculation projection year. The identification of cost-significant item variables occurred after organizing the data according to work item, adjusting the work cost for the execution year and the work-year cost while considering inflation factor. Additionally, it was observed that 3 most expensive work items represented 80% work item had a substantial impact on the total cost. Classic assumption tests were conducted to confirm the suitability of data for further analysis. The analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression, resulting in a model with y = 69850.515 + 0.879(x4) + 1.085(x5) + 1.221(x7). When cost significant model estimates were compared to the actual total cost of road improvement in Aceh Jaya, the accuracy ranged from +17.46% to -19.30%, which was consistent with Class 3 classification of (AACE) International standards.This classification was suitable for semi-detailed cost estimation in the conceptual phase.
Phytochemical screening of three extraction process of Calotropis gigantea
Authors: Zulfikar T , Sutriana A , Rozaliyana A
Published: July 2024

Calotropis gigantea is a flowering plant belonging to the genus Calotropis of the family Asclepiadaceae. Many pharmacological activities of this plant show potential in human therapy. In this study, an investigation was conducted on the three extracted process namely n-hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract and ethanolic extract of C. gigantea collected from a coastline at Alue Naga beach, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Percent yield of C. gigantea leaf extract was mostly produced by ethanol solvent compared to ethyl acetate and n-hexane solvents, with total 8.25 grams (4.12%), 5.62 grams (2.80%), and 4.51 grams (2.25%), respectively. The results of phytochemical screening explained that the ethanol extract of C. gigantea leaves had abundant secondary metabolite compounds, compared to the n-hexane extract, only the steroid compounds were detected. The ethyl acetate extract of C. gigantea leaves showed the presence of flavonoids, triterpenoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds, but no saponins and alkaloids were found. These observations underscore the exciting potential of C. gigantea as a promising reservoir of flora rich in alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, saponins, and steroid compounds, derived from the coast so that it can be used as a drug candidate.
DC motor speed control using boost converter DC-DC chopper type based on the PID controller
Authors: Suriadi  , Randa Y A , Syukri M , Fathurrahman  , Syukriyadin  , Marwan  , Masri  , Multazam T
Published: July 2024

The boost converter with PID-based control is designed to be able to control the speed of the DC motor. In particular, the boost converter based on the PID able to produce output from the control process that is more intelligent, efficient and effective in maintaining the stability of the DC motor rotation. From the results, It can shows the difference and effect of output when using only boost converter and when implemented with PID control. The motor control is carried out with different torque conditions. The expected result is controlling the motor speed by the boost converter based on the PID and its performance at the time of starting as well as to changes in the reference speed of rotation and load according to the set point. From the experiment, it was found that the boost converter can increase the voltage according to changes in load torque and PID control can eliminate overshoot on the system and can reach the reference speed quickly, it only takes 1 second. Based on the data analysis that has been conducted, it can be concluded that the boost converter with PID controller functions quite well to regulate the DC motor speed to remain at the reference speed.
Acute toxicity testing of a mixture of ethanol extracts of ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf.), turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), and habbatussauda seeds (Nigella sativa L.) on the anatomy of mice
Authors: Al Chusna S , Sari W , Syifa S B , Zilhaya U , Rosnizar
Published: July 2024

Immunostimulators are a collection of certain substances that are used to improve the immune system, especially when the body is sick. The use of herbs as immunostimulators is an option because it has been proven to be relatively safer if consumed correctly and appropriately. Four types of plants that are thought to have benefits as immunostimulators and have been used by some Indonesian people for generations are ginger, lemongrass, turmeric and habbatussauda. This study aims to determine the toxicity effects of a mixture of ethanol extracts based on observations of toxic symptoms, anatomical changes in mice (Mus musculus L.) and determine the level of toxicity through calculating the LD50. This research was experimental using 30 male mice divided into 6 treatments and 5 replications. Treatment consisted of control, mixed extracts of ginger, lemongrass, turmeric and black seed at doses of 1000 mg/kgBB, 2000 mg/kgBB, 3000 mg/kgBB, 4000 mg/kgBB and 5000 mg/kgBB given orally. The results showed that the ethanol extract of a mixture of ginger, lemongrass, turmeric and black seed had no significant effect on the average weight of the lungs, liver, heart and spleen. But it has a significant effect on the average weight of the kidney. The results of this study also showed changes in the mice’s body weight after 14 days of administration of the extract which tended to increase. The results of the research showed that no deaths occurred in the test animals so it was declared with a pseudo LD50 and was included in the practically non-toxic category so that the mixture of ginger, lemongrass, turmeric and black cumin was safe to use.
Beta four parameter GLMM approach to evaluate paddy productivity
Authors: Kusumaningrum D , Wijayanto H , Notodiputro KA , Ardiansyah M , Kurnia A
Published: July 2024

Indonesia is one of the top five counties in the world that produces rice. In average, Indonesia has a paddy productivity of 5.2 tons per hectare and continuously growing within 1.59% annual rate. Eventhough high, one of the main problems faced is that Indonesia is a vast archipelago country that has a diverse agro-climatic and socio-economic conditions which can significantly impact paddy productivity in an area. Given also that the paddy productivity in Indonesia has a certain minimum and maximum value, thus using a beta four parameter-based model is considered appropriate. We have proposed novel Beta Four Parameter GLMM that was an extension of the Beta Four Parameter regression model developed by Zou and Huang (2022). The model was applied in an empirical study based on farmers crop cutting survey in Central Kalimantan Indonesia. Results show that the proposed Beta Four Parameter GLMM has a better model fit. The model showed that pest attacks, pest handling, and resource allocation was considered the most influential variable affecting paddy productivity. Hence, it is suggested that the government must focus to construct a comprehensive strategy to improve paddy productivity by making it more resilient to pest and having more sufficient resource allocation management.