bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical, Electromyographical and Radiological Comparison of Dawson’s Bimanual Technique of Guiding the Mandible with Wax Ball Orientation Technique©
Authors: Sushma R , Joshi Anand , Sanyal Pronob Kumar , Shaha Pramod Kumar Ramachand
Published: March 2022

Introduction: There are numerous methods to guide the mandible into Centric Relation (CR). The Dawson’s bimanual technique is a time tested and established method to guide the mandible into CR. On the other hand the author of this study also has copyrighted a technique (wax ball orientation technique©) to guide the mandible into CR. Hence, this methodological study was performed to compare the two CR techniques to guide the mandible in CR position using clinical, myographical and radiological assessment methods. Aim: To compare and assess which amongst the two (Dawson’s bimanual technique and wax ball orientation technique) CR guiding techniques best guides the mandible to CR position using clinical, electromyographical and radiological assessment methods. Materials and Methods: This interventional and clinical study was conducted at School of Dental Sciences, KIMSDU, Karad, Maharashtra, India, from May 2019 to May 2020. The study included healthy dentate individuals having Angle’s class I malocclusion without any occlusal interferences and an intact dentition except for 3rd molars. Two CR technique to guide the mandible were technique 1-Dawson’s bimanual technique and technique 2 - wax ball orientation technique. The study was carried out in three phases: clinical, electromyographical and radiological. Difference between the centric points, workload on elevators, condylar position was statistically analysed. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse the difference between the centric points marked using both the techniques. Independent t-test was applied to compare the gender and the mean centric distribution. Results: Among the 45 study subjects considered for the study, 32 were females and 13 were males with the mean age of 21 years. No statistically significance difference was observed between the two techniques. Paired t-test showed that workload on elevators of both sides, Right Masseter in technique 1 and 2 had p-value= 0.088, left Masseter in technique 1 and 2 had p-value= 0.3, Right temporalis in technique 1 and 2 had p-value= 0.463, left temporalis in technique 1 and 2 had p-value= 0.429. There was difference between the Anteroposterior (AP) and Superoinferior (SI) position of condyle in relation to the fossa. AP measurement in the right side in tech 1 and 2 with p-value= 0.448, AP measurement in the left side in tech 1 and 2 with p-value= 0.178, SI measurement in the right side in tech 1 and 2 had p-value= 0.803, SI measurement in the left side in tech 1 and 2 had p-value= 0.259, which were statistically insignificant. Multivariate test showed statistically significant difference between gender and EMG, results whereas it was insignificant in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Conclusion: The wax ball technique has similar accuracy as the Dawson’s Bimanual technique.
Orbital Cholesterol Granuloma: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Vaidya Mihir Mohan , Parikh Rashmi Chintan , Dhake Rahul Dnyandev , Shaikh Hasib Ahmed , Sabnis Manish Sitaram
Published: March 2022

Orbital cholesterol granuloma is a rare entity which can cause proptosis, diplopia and extraocular movement restriction. It is often mistaken for other entities such as epidermoid, dermoid cysts and lacrimal gland tumours. Here authors report a case of a 36- year-old male who presented with proptosis of right eye and diplopia on upward gaze. Computed Tomography (CT) scan showed an extraconal lesion in superotemporal compartment of right orbit with erosion of bony wall. On imaging findings, epidermoid and dermoid cysts were considered as probable diagnoses. On histology, the lesion showed cholesterol clefts, foamy and haemosiderin laden macrophages and foreign body giant cells. Lesion was diagnosed as cholesterol granuloma. While being very rare at this site, this lesion carries a good prognosis with complete surgical excision. Patient showed marked postoperative improvement and was asymptomatic at discharge.
Impact of Challenges and Advantages of Online Learning on the Academic Performance of Students in Higher Education Institution in Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Kumar R. Renjith , Fernandez Diana
Published: March 2022

The COVID 19 pandemic has affected the entire education system and brought a new phase in education through e-learning. This study is aimed to identify the challenges and advantages of online learning on academic performance in higher education institution. The objectives are to analyse the challenges and advantages of online learning that impact on academic performance of students. A sample of 524 responses from University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman is collected for the study. The only challenge variable that is proved to have significant impact on student performance is inadequate lecturer explanations during the online class. The advantage of online learning that affects academic performance is the time benefit and cost effectiveness of online classes. The challenge variables influence only 6% on their academic performance. Similarly, the advantages of online learning contribute only 5% on the academic performance of students. The study concluded with suitable recommendations to improve the academic performance.
A Review on Applications and Utility of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems in Agriculture and Natural Resource Management
Authors: Katkani Deepak , Babbar Anita , Mishra Vipin Kumar , Trivedi Ayushi , Tiwari Shweta , Kumawat Rohit Kumar
Published: March 2022

Emerging technologies include remote sensing, global positioning systems (GPS), geographic information systems (GIS), and the Internet of Things. The Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data analysis, and artificial intelligence (AI) are all the promising tools that are being used to solve complications, improve agricultural operations, and reduce expenses. Satellite remote sensing has been indispensable in understanding Earth and atmospheric dynamics over the last five decades. When compared to ground or aerial sensor acquisitions, satellite sensors have the ability to provide data at global sizes at a lower cost. With the support of satellite remote sensing, the scientific community has attained significant progress in recent years. In consideration of these efforts, the current study is intended to provide a comprehensive review of the function of remote sensing in assessing different water security challenges and other purposes. Crop production forecasting, drought assessment, cropping system analysis, horticultural assessment and development, crop development, thorough site analysis, satellite agro-meteorology, precision farming, crop insurance, and other operational big agricultural applications are examples. This research examines various uses as well as potential gaps in the market.
Catastrophism and Uniformitarianism in Decision Making of Meghalayan Age in East India
Authors: Mishra Siba Prasad
Published: March 2022

Penultimate Epoch is the Holocene had three-way broad subdivisions (late 11.7KYBP (Year before Present), middle 8.325KYBP, and early 4.6KYBP) based on numerous imprints of geomorphologic, meteorological, ice-core, speleothem, and vegetation proxies in nature. Micro-scale ratification of the Holocene epoch, was Greenlandian (11.7KYBP-8.2KYBP), Northgrippian (8.2 to 4.2KYBP), and Meghalayan stage from (4.2KYBP to 50YBP), considering year 2000AD as threshold (b2k) based on DYE-3, GRIP, NGRIP1, NGRIP2 and GICC05, the Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005 records.  The Meghalayan age started with 200years mega drought that shattered primeval agriculture based civilization globally. The stalagmite from various rocks, archeological findings, pollens, δO18 isotopic studies and anomalies in Indian summer Monsoon imprints emphasize collapse of well-set Northgrippian Human civilizations  in Mesopotamia, Indus and Ganga river plain (Indian subcontinent),   the Akkadian Empire (NE Syria). The stratigraphic records offer evidences of climate changes, RSLR, geomorphologic, vegetative cover, Hydrologic processes. The stalagmite proxies, shift of ISM, erratic ITCZ annual drive, left proxies in Stalagmites, in the Mawmluh cave could end to the Holocene epoch classification. The Meghalayan age left exhibits of the upper Holocene that sprinted with severe prolonged droughts due to unstable erratic climate, multiple apocalyptic hazards, and extreme events due to sun-earth geometry, like shifts in Indian summer monsoon, Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), westerly disturbances, and El Nino Southerly Oscillation (ENSO) activities along eastern part of Himalayas. The ratification and retrofitting of the geological time scale during Holocene well structured and biostratigraphy of eastern India tailor-made.
A review of Dhatura as Poison and Kamala Patra as Antidote
Authors: Wairagade Sonali Dilip , Wairagade Tanvi Dilip , Sahu Monali Rajendrakumar , Madan Poonam , Wankhade Toshal , Nagpure Shailesh
Published: March 2022

Dhatura plant has been noted for intoxicating, narcotic properties, they produce temporary insensibility (stupefying effects) in ordinary doses.

Dhatura (Datura metel) is cerebrotoxic, Deleriant poison which is also classified as Upavisha in Ayurveda. 

In Ayurvedic literature according to Basavrajeeyam under the heading of Vish-Prativishani, Chincha Rasa and Kamal Patra churna has been described to be possessing antidote action which may act by some way to counter toxicity of Dhatura.

It is necessary to verify the efficacy of these antidotes on scientific parameters so that it can be useful in emergencies.
In-vitro Antioxidant and DPP-IV Enzyme Assay of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Enicostemma littorale
Authors: Muralidharan V. , Vaddepalli Padmaja , Saboo Shweta , Vidhya Beebireddy , Jyothi Aenugu , Gawai Nitin , Konatham Teja Kumar Reddy , Haque M. Akiful
Published: March 2022

Background: Pharmacological treatments for diabetes are based on increasing insulin availability and improving insulin sensitivity. Today, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) -based therapies aim to control glucose through DPP-4 inhibitors. DPP-4 is a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the prolyl oligopeptidase family, with the specificity of eliminating the X-Pro or X-Ala dipeptides from the N-terminal end of the polypeptides. The effect of GLP-1 in stimulating the release of glucose-dependent insulin from pancreatic islets inhibits inappropriate glucagon release after meals and slow gastric emptying promotes intestinal permeability.

Study Design: The current study investigated the inhibitory activity of DPP-4 along with the antioxidant activity of Enicostemma littorale extract.

Place and Duration of Study: The present study was conducted at Anurag University, Hyderabad between June-2021 to Sept-2021.

Methodology: The extracts tested for a range of activities such as hydroxyl radical scavenging activity test, In-vitro DPP-IV enzyme test activity test, DPPH free radical scavenging.

Results: The extract shows dose-dependent DPPH and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity. In in-vitro DPP-IV enzyme assay activity, Enicostemma littorale ethyl acetate extract showed greater inhibitory activity of DPP-IV compared to vildagliptin with IC50 values ​​of 165.64μg/ml, respectively. Vildagliptin, based on the reference standard for DPP-IV inhibitor activity, has an IC50 value of 57.44 μg/ml. According to the in-vitro analysis, the Enicostemma littorale extract has a strong inhibitory activity of DPP-IV.

Conclusion: We concluded that the Enicostemma littorale will be a better source for further development as new antidiabetic drugs. To the best of our knowledge, there is no report and study on the bark part of this species.
Role of Protein C, Protein S and Antithrombin III Levels in High-risk Pregnant Women in Karachi's Gadap Region for Obstetric Complications
Authors: Rizwan Muhammad , Nasir Syeda Shabana , Ansari Irshad Ahmed , Afreen Uzma , Iqbal Nasima , Faisal Syed Fazal-e-Karim
Published: March 2022

Objectives: Thrombophilia has been connected to both pregnancy difficulties and recurrent miscarriage. The purpose of this project is to establish a baseline of protein C, protein S, and AT III levels in pregnant females with various pregnancy-related problems, assess the prevalence of acquired deficiency in these parameters, and compare the results to a control group.

Method: In conjunction with Muhammadi Blood Bank, Baqai Medical University conducted a cross-sectional study. There were 150 pregnant and non-pregnant women in the study. The immunoturbidity approach was used to assess the free protein S level, and the bichrome method was utilised to determine ATIII activity, while the clot-based methodology was used to determine PT, APTT, and protein C activity. All parameters were examined using the CA-650 automated coagulation analyzer.

Results: The mean age range of the participant was 18-45 years. Most of participants were Sindhi. The participants ranged in age from 18 to 45 years old. Sindhis made up the majority of the attendees. When all three were compared, there was a significant difference in Protein C and Protein S levels (p-value=0.001), while AT III levels were insignificant. Protein S levels were found to be lower in all four pregnancy problems (PIH, IUD, Miscarriages, and Multiple Pregnancies), however only Protein C levels were lower in IUD.

Conclusion: Our findings showed that protein S levels were low in both healthy pregnant women and those in the high-risk group, with no significant association with distinct problem groups. Reduced protein C levels, on the other hand, were found to have a statistically significant link to IUD instances. Antithrombin III (ATIII) levels were found to be normal in all of the groups studied.
Frequency of Different Histological Types of Breast Tumors Reported at DHQ Hospital Abbottabad Pakistan
Authors: Ayaz Attiya , Muhammad Taj , Ammir Kishwar , Farzana Rukia , Memon Gulshan Ali , Mallah Farzana , Ahmer Arslan
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The carcinoma of Breast is the most common form of cancer and thus the major source of carcinoma mortality globally.

Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the most prevalent etiology of a fresh breast tumor as well as the occurrence of different types in subjects who presented with breast tumors at DHQ Hospital Abbottabad KPK Pakistan.

Methodology: The research was carried out at the DHQ Hospital Abbottabad. The research was performed from 20 February 2018 to 20 February 2020. It is a cross-sectional study and consisted of 200 female patients.

Results: The age of the patients ranged from between 30 years to 65 years, 47.6800 mean and 9.22187 SD, BMI minimum20.20 and maximum33.40 mean 24.7615 and 2.97309 SD. Regarding the symptom analysis breast pain was common feature in benign and malignant disorders. For diagnostic purpose here the FNAC and Biopsy incisional, trucut and excisions were carried out. FNAC was done in 66.5% incisional 5.5%, trucut 10.5% and excisions 17.5% cases. Regarding the different ratios of benign and malignant lesions there were 64.0% benign and 36% were malignant lesions.

Conclusion: Early identification and prompt treatment as per type to define the managing concerns for subjects with a fresh breast lump may improve in terms of morbidity and mortality.
Pan Facial Trauma Fracture Management: Case Report & Literature Review
Authors: Vijapur Manjunath , Ukken Nidhi Jenson , Kattimani Vasanth , Kumar D. Prasanna , Pasha Aysha Kaleem , Anuradha .
Published: March 2022

Pan facial fractures involve the mandible, maxilla, and zygomatic complex at the same time, and are frequently associated with NOE and frontal bone fractures. Reconstruction of multiple facial fractures including the top and lower face should be handled as a jigsaw. To accomplish this, two common management sequences for Pan facial fractures have been proposed: "Bottom up and inside out" and "Top down and outside in." There are more sequences, but these two major ways are the most common. The proximity of the maxillofacial region to important features or senses such as vision (diplopia), olfaction, respiration (airway management), chewing or mastication (occlusion), deglutition, and aesthetics makes the scenario a little more complex for the surgeon operating in this region than in any other part of the body.

It's difficult to stick to a tried-and-true procedure for treating pan face fractures. Despite rigorous therapy, most patients with pan facial trauma may have some residual deformity, which may necessitate more surgery in the future. The care and easy procedures utilized to decrease and fix a case of pan facial trauma in a 26-year-old are described in this article.
International Balance of Payment and Economic Growth in Nigeria (1990- 2019)
Authors: C. Otiwu Kingsley
Published: March 2022

This study dwelt on balance of payments and the growth of Nigeria’s economy between the periods 1990 to 2019.The study's main goal was to analyse the impact of the balance of payments on the Nigerian economy's growth. This research relied on secondary data from the Central Bank of Nigeria's statistical bulletin 2019. The dependent variable was real gross domestic product, whereas the independent variables were oil export, non-oil export, oil import, and non-oil import. The variables were found to be stationary at the first difference using a unit root test (1). As a result, the co-integration test was used, which revealed a long-term link between the variables. The paper used the Vector error correction model (VECM) and discovered that in the long run, the short-run disequilibrium can be addressed at a rate of 0.03 percent. As a result, we find that the balance of payment position has little impact on Nigeria's economic growth. As a result, it was suggested, among other things, that Nigeria's federal government implement more export-friendly regulations on balance of payment issues in order to boost economic growth.
Internacionalização do Ensino, da Pesquisa e Inovação: estudo de caso da Universidade de Brasília (UnB)
Authors: Marques Regina Coeli Andrade , Conceição Maria Hosana
Published: March 2022

Este estudo descreve e analisa o processo de internacionalização da Universidade de Brasília. A metodologia foi a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental na base de dados da Assessoria de Assuntos Internacionais INT da Universidade de Brasília (UnB). As ações de internacionalização se iniciam nas Unidades Acadêmicas, pelos professores, com a realização de acordos de cooperação científicos e tecnológicos com diversas IES exteriores, acordos que a Assessoria de Assuntos Internacionais (INT) negocia promovendo a mobilidade de docentes/pesquisadores e discentes. Os programas de intercâmbio executados pela INT recebem os alunos internacionais e os envia ao exterior. A INT disponibiliza modelos de acordos em quatro línguas e realiza as etapas para acordos de cooperação acadêmica. Verificou-se que a localização da UnB, próxima aos centros decisórios nacionais, das embaixadas, dos organismos internacionais, das agências de fomento e de outros parceiros, é um diferencial à sua internacionalização, a qual, ao divulgar o conhecimento adquirido, realiza sua inovação acadêmica continuamente.
Autonomous Reconstitution of Fractured Hybrid Perovskite Single Crystals
Authors: Al‐Handawi Marieh B. , Dushaq Ghada , Commins Patrick , Karothu Durga Prasad , Rasras Mahmoud , Catalano Luca , Naumov Panče
Published: March 2022

The outstanding performance and facile processability turn hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites into one of the most sought‐after classes of semiconducting materials for optoelectronics. Yet, their translation into real‐world applications necessitates that challenges with their chemical stability and poor mechanical robustness are first addressed. Here, centimeter‐size single crystals of methylammoniumlead(II) iodide (MAPbI3) are reported to be capable of autonomous self‐healing under minimal compression at ambient temperature. When crystals are halved and the fragments are brought in contact, they can readily self‐repair as a result of a liquid‐like behavior of their lattice at the contact surface, which leads to a remarkable healing with an efficiency of up to 82%. The successful reconstitution of the broken single crystals is reflected in recuperation of their optoelectronic properties. Testing of the healed crystals as photodetectors shows an impressive 74% recovery of the generated photocurrent relative to pristine crystals. This self‐healing capability of MAPbI3 single crystals is an efficient strategy to overcome the poor mechanical properties and low wear resistance of these materials, and paves the way for durable and stable optoelectronic devices based on single crystals of hybrid perovskites.
circREEP3 Drives Colorectal Cancer Progression via Activation of FKBP10 Transcription and Restriction of Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Chen Zhenzhen , He Luyun , Zhao Liangbo , Zhang Guangtan , Wang Zhiwei , Zhu Pingping , Liu Benyu
Published: March 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common tumors around the world. Circular RNA is widely involved in tumor progression via unclear mechanisms. Here, circREEP3 is found to be upregulated in CRC tissues. circREEP3 upregulation predicts poor patient survival. circREEP3 knockout suppresses CRC tumorigenesis and metastasis, and impairs stem cell‐like phenotype. Mechanistically, circREEP3 recruits the chromatin remodeling protein CHD7 to FKBP10 promoter and activates its transcription. Moreover, circREEP3 restricts RIG‐1‐dependent antitumor immunity. FKBP10 is highly expressed in CRC tissues and associated with poor prognosis. FKBP10 ectopic expression partially rescues the potential of proliferation and metastasis in circREEP3‐deficient CRC cells. Thus, the findings support circREEP3‐FKBP10 axis drives CRC progression and may be a critical prognostic marker.
Directly Printed Embedded Metal Mesh for Flexible Transparent Electrode via Liquid Substrate Electric‐Field‐Driven Jet
Authors: Li Zhenghao , Li Hongke , Zhu Xiaoyang , Peng Zilong , Zhang Guangming , Yang Jianjun , Wang Fei , Zhang Yuan‐Fang , Sun Luanfa , Wang Rui , Zhang Jinbao , Yang Zhongming , Yi Hao , Lan Hongbo
Published: March 2022

Flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) with embedded metal meshes play an indispensable role in many optoelectronic devices due to their excellent mechanical stability and environmental adaptability. However, low‐cost, simple, efficient, and environmental friendly integrated manufacturing of high‐performance embedded metal meshes remains a huge challenge. Here, a facile and novel fabrication method is proposed for FTEs with an embedded metal mesh via liquid substrateelectric‐field‐driven microscale 3D printing process. This direct printing strategy avoids tedious processes and offers low‐cost and high‐volume production, enabling the fabrication of high‐resolution, high‐aspect ratio embedded metal meshes without sacrificing transparency. The final manufactured FTEs with 80 mm × 80 mm embedded metal mesh offers excellent optoelectronic performance with a sheet resistance (Rs) of 6 Ω sq−1 and a transmittance (T) of 85.79%. The embedded metal structure still has excellent mechanical stability and good environmental suitability under different harsh working conditions. The practical feasibility of the FTEs is successfully demonstrated with a thermally driven 4D printing structure and a resistive transparent strain sensor. This method can be used to manufacture large areas with facile, high‐efficiency, low‐cost, and high‐performance FTEs.
Early termination of pivotal trials in Alzheimer's disease—Preserving optimal value for participants and science
Authors: Gietl Anton F. , Frisoni Giovanni B.
Published: February 2022

Participants in Alzheimer's disease late‐phase clinical trials are frequently confronted with a situation of early termination. We discuss measures to protect the perceived value of study participation and to maximize the scientific value under such circumstances. A communication strategy should ensure that trial participants maintain a positive relationship with the research team and have their informational needs optimally met. Measures to maximize the scientific value may include data/sample sharing, strategies for personalized medicine, as well as scientific follow‐up. Critical for the success of such a concept are networks of excellence, extending models of existing initiatives like Global Alzheimer's Platform Foundation Network (GAP‐Net).

These networks could fundamentally strengthen the role of clinical investigators if they decide on their involvement in trials based upon their estimation of the scientific value and benefit for the participants, actively contribute to scientific analyses, and mediate optimal communication among the relevant trial stakeholders.
Cerebral vasospasm syndromes and postpartum eclampsia associated with post‐dural puncture headache
Authors: Santos D. J. R. R. , Estevens T. M. R. N. , Farinha R. F. O. L.
Published: March 2022

Headache is common in the puerperium, with a wide variety of underlying aetiologies. We describe a unique case of postpartum headache after accidental dural puncture with a Tuohy needle in a previously healthy woman during a combined spinal‐epidural for labour analgesia. Initially, a post‐dural puncture headache was diagnosed. Eclampsia was subsequently suspected after the development of complex partial seizures and proteinuria 5 days postpartum. After neurological examination and neuroimaging, however, the diagnoses of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome were confirmed. We hypothesise that accidental dural puncture which resulted in post‐dural puncture headache may have delayed the diagnosis of other headache aetiologies and may have acted as a trigger for the development of cerebral vasospasm syndromes. This case demonstrates the importance of a careful assessment of postpartum headaches and the need for a high degree of diagnostic suspicion in cases of refractory post‐dural puncture headache. In these cases, neurological referral and neuroimaging evaluation should be considered. We highlight the importance of multidisciplinary team including anaesthetists, obstetricians and other clinicians.
Effect of G‐quadruplex loop mutations on the G‐quadruplex formation, protein binding and transcription of BmPOUM2 in Bombyx mori
Authors: Chen Yanfei , Niu Kangkang , Song Qisheng , Feng Qili
Published: February 2022

A G‐quadruplex (G4) was identified in the promoter of transcription factor BmPOUM2 in Bombyx mori. This G4 structure contains three loops and is bound by transcription factor BmLARK, facilitating the transcription of BmPOUM2. However, the relationship between the structure and function of the BmPOUM2 G4 remains to be clarified. In this study, loop mutants of the BmPOUM2 G4 structure were generated to study the function of the structure in transcription regulation. The results revealed that mutations of Loops A and B could not completely suppress G4 formation, but affected the binding of the G4 structure with BmLARK and the promoter activity. The mutation (C‐to‐T) of the one‐nucleotide‐loop, Loop C, enhanced the G4 formation, its binding with BmLARK and the transcription activity of the BmPOUM2 promoter. It is speculated that the binding site of BmLARK probably is on the G‐quartet planes, rather than on the loops, which may assist the maintenance and modification of the G4 structure and its protein binding activity.
System identification using NARX and centrifugal compressor control through the intelligent, active method—Case study: K‐250 centrifugal compressor
Authors: Khosravi Adel , Chatraei Abbas , Shahgholian Ghazanfar , Kargar Seyed Mohamad
Published: March 2022

Surge and constant pressure are some of the most critical issues in compressor control. In this paper, the problem of the surge and constant pressure in the presence of environmental disturbances is solved. Proposed design for control system based on proportional–integral controllers, adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (FIS), and particle swarm optimized neural fuzzy and for modeling neural network strategy fuzzy nonlinear automatic regression with external input is used. Based on this, for modeling, practical and real data are extracted from the K‐250 compressor of Isfahan Steel Company. In the adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system–particle swarm optimization (ANFIS‐PSO) controller, the control algorithm is made of the third FIS structure based on the fuzzy center clustering method and trained based optimization on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, which has three layers, two inputs, and a single output. The proposed control algorithm has finally been able to bring the compressor to the desired pressure, and when the compressor enters the surge area, the controller has been able to remove the compressor from this area without damaging the compressor. Finally, the proposed control system's capability and effectiveness are shown through simulation in MATLAB software and practical implementation.
Adoption of biofuels for marine shipping decarbonization: A long‐term price and scalability assessment
Authors: Tan Eric C. D. , Harris Kylee , Tifft Stephen M. , Steward Darlene , Kinchin Christopher , Thompson Thomas N.
Published: February 2022

This study assessed the long‐term annual biofuel production capacity potential and price in the United States and shed light on the prospect of biofuel adoption for marine propulsion. A linear programming model was developed to assist the projections and provide insightful analyses. The projected long‐term (2040) maximum annual capacity of biofuels in the United States is 245 million metric tons (Mt) or 65 billion gallons of heavy fuel oil gallon equivalent (HFOGE) when based on the median feedstock availability. Between 2022 (near‐term) and 2040, the potential biofuel capacity increases by over 40%, attributed to increased feedstock availability. At a price range up to $500/t, biodiesel is the main product, and the annual capacity (12 Mt) is limited to feedstock availability constraints. Biodiesel and corn ethanol are the main biofuels at a price range up to $750/t. At a higher price point (above $750/t), the biofuel types and annual capacities increase substantially (218 Mt per year). Biofuels above this price include gasoline‐, jet‐, and diesel‐range blendstocks, as well as bio‐methanol, bio‐propane, and biogas. This study concludes that the US domestic feedstock availability coupled with advanced conversion technologies can produce substantial amounts of biofuels to achieve a critical mass and be impactful as alternative marine fuels. There is also a need to improve the biofuel price for marine shipping adoption. Policies and economic incentives that provide temporary financial support would help facilitate maritime biofuel adoption. © 2022 Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
PolyE‐IL: A polymeric Brønsted acid ionic liquid catalyst for catalytic thermo liquefaction of sugarcane bagasse into carboxylic acids
Authors: Ukarde Tejas M. , Pawar Hitesh S.
Published: February 2022

The present study demonstrates a catalytic thermo liquefaction (CTL) process for the liquefaction of sugarcane bagasse into carboxylic acids using recyclable polymeric Brønsted acid ionic liquids (PolyE‐ILs) catalyst. A series of acid catalysts such as mineral acids, imidazole‐based ionic liquid and PolyE‐ILs with variable counter ions were tested. Of the tested catalysts, [PEI]+[HSO4]− resulted in 51.84% levulinic acid, 53.07% formic acid and 100% acetic acid yields compared with their theoretical maximum with 81.40% feedstock conversion at 210 °C for 120 min. Under 10 bar N2 pressure. The carbon‐enriched side products (CTL‐oil), catalyst and carboxylic acids were separated by integrating the adsorption and membrane separation process with >98% efficiency. The CTL‐oil with calorific a value of 25–26 MJ/kg can be explored for further energy and fuel applications. Thus, the use of a robust and recyclable catalyst at moderate operating conditions provides an efficient pathway for the valorization of sugarcane bagasse into carboxylic acids and CTL‐oil. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Co‐pyrolysis of a coal/biomass blend into biofuel: optimization of operational parameters using central composite design
Authors: Onay Özlem
Published: February 2022

Researchers are attempting to replace fossil and petro‐based fuels with renewable and green fuels. Knowing the optimum values of pyrolysis parameters during the production of biofuel from biomass/coal blends is important to obtain biofuel in the desired yield and quality. In this study, a central composite design was used in order to optimize pyrolysis parameters to obtain biofuel from the co‐pyrolysis of a coal (lignite)/biomass (pistachio seeds) mixture in a well‐swept resistance fixed bed reactor. Knowing the optimum values ​​of different parameters affecting the biofuel yield and quality is very important in terms of the most efficient conditions and the economical production of energy. The effects of some operational parameters, like final temperature (factor A), heating rate (factor B) and percentage of lignite (factor C), were optimized through the central composite design method, and their behaviors were analyzed using analysis of variance. While the linear and quadratic effects of the final temperature and heating rate on the biofuel yield were significant, only the linear effect of the percentage of lignite was found to be important; on the other hand, the effects of the binary interaction between the factors were found to be insignificant. A quadratic equation was proposed to predict the behavior of the process under various conditions with an R2 of 98.19. The best condition was predicted at a final temperature of 595 °C, a heating rate of 458 °C/min and a percentage lignite of 16.7% with maximum biofuel yield of 61.23%. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Extent of coronary atherosclerosis and ischemic myocardium foment sudden cardiac death
Authors: Goldstein James A. , Mehta Nishaki K.
Published: March 2022

Key Points

Extent and severity of CAD burden and magnitude of ischemic myocardium key provocative factors for SCD.

STEMI due to thrombosis of proximal LAD unstable plaque poses greatest SCD risk.

Thrombus burden per se resulting in total occlusion contributes to arrhythmogenesis, explaining in part rarity of SCD in Unstable angina and NSTEMI.
Crystallization and Phase Transition of 1‐Butene Copolymers with Distinct Cyclic Co‐Units
Authors: Liu Long , Lou Yahui , Qv Chunjing , Ma Zhe , Li Yuesheng
Published: February 2022

Comprehensive Summary

The dimethylpyridylamidohafnium catalyst was used to synthesize 1‐butene/cyclohexene and 1‐butene/vinylcyclohexane random copolymers, which have extra six‐membered cyclic co‐units in main chain and side chain, respectively. For the obtained copolymers of different incorporations, the crystallization from amorphous melt and the solid phase transition from tetragonal to trigonal phases were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry. Both of the incorporated cyclic co‐units decrease the crystallization kinetics, but the presence of cyclohexene keeps the melting temperature of copolymers constant. Interestingly, the strong memory effect of crystallization can appear at the elevated temperature even above the equilibrium melting temperature, as the content of co‐units was increased. The 1‐butene/vinylcyclohexane copolymer with 1.52 mol% co‐units exhibits a rather strong memory effect with the broad Domain IIa width of 43°C and the crystallization temperature raising of 24°C. Furthermore, the transition of tetragonal phase into trigonal phase was also explored for different co‐units and incorporations. It was found that both of the cyclohexene co‐units and vinylcyclohexane co‐units effectively slow down the kinetics of phase transition. However, the vinylcyclohexane co‐units have a much higher efficiency in suppressing phase transition than the cyclohexene co‐units, where 0.53 mol% vinylcyclohexane can completely stop phase transition within 1320 h. Considering the fact that copolymers with vinylcyclohexane co‐units actually have lower glass transition temperatures, it was indicated that the suppression of phase transition is also largely influenced by the steric co‐units in the side chain for the helical and positional adjustments, not only by the segmental mobility.
Prognostic role of low muscle mass and strength in palliative care patients with incurable cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Mori Naoharu , Maeda Keisuke , Yamanaka Yousuke , Matsuyama Remi , Nonogaki Tomoyuki , Kato Ryoko , Ishida Yuria , Shimizu Akio , Ueshima Junko
Published: March 2022

Background

Wasting of muscle mass and decreasing strength have been proven to be negative prognostic indicators for patients with cancer receiving anticancer treatment. However, little is known about their role in palliative care patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of low muscle mass and strength in predicting survival among patients in palliative care.

Methods

We retrospectively examined the association between muscle mass and strength and prognosis in patients with incurable solid cancer who were supported by a palliative care team at a university hospital. Psoas muscle index (PMI) at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra was employed as the muscle mass index. Pinch grip strength (PGS) was used as the muscle strength index. Cox proportional hazards analysis was performed to evaluate the factors independently associated with overall survival.

Results

A total of 78 patients were included in this study (35 male, median age 67 years). Median survival was 87.5 (95% confidence interval 50–124) days. After adjustment for age, sex, albumin, oedema, and performance status as potential confounders, loss of PMI (hazard ratio 0.998, 95% confidence interval 0.996–0.999; P = 0.003) and PGS (hazard ratio 0.73, 95% confidence interval 0.55–0.97; P = 0.030) independently predicted the overall survival.

Conclusions

Low muscle mass and strength are independent predictors of survival in patients with incurable solid cancer receiving palliative care. PMI and PGS measurements may help to better assess the prognosis of patients in palliative care.
The influence of tumour fluorodeoxyglucose avidity and cachexia development on patient survival in oesophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer
Authors: Olaechea Santiago , Gannavarapu Bhavani S. , Gilmore Anne , Alvarez Christian , Iyengar Puneeth , Infante Rodney
Published: March 2022

Background

Cancer cachexia is manifested by loss in muscle, adipose, weight, and appetite. PET 18F‐FDG uptake identifies tumour metabolic and inflammatory changes, potentially associated with cachexia development. We examined if primary gastroesophageal tumour 18F‐FDG uptake correlates with cachexia development and survival in cancer patients.

Methods

One hundred twenty‐six oesophageal (n = 87) and gastroesophageal junction (n = 39) cancer patients, with a median age at diagnosis of 63 years (IQR 54–71), evaluated between 2006 and 2014 with pre‐treatment PET imaging and cachexia determination at diagnosis were included in the study cohort (22.1% female; 6.7%, 24.4%, 50.4%, and 18.5% with tumour stage I, II, III, and IV, respectively). Maximum primary tumour standardized uptake values were obtained and dichotomized based off the calculated cut‐point SUVMax of 8.5 (P = 0.0018). Associations between survival, cachexia development, and primary tumour 18F‐FDG uptake were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

Cancer‐associated weight loss (cachexia) and primary tumour SUVMax at or above the statistically determined cut‐point of 8.5 were present in 54% and 57% of patients, respectively. Primary tumour SUVMax above the cut‐point was significantly associated with pre‐treatment cancer‐associated weight loss (P = 0.0033) and, in multivariate analysis, correlated with a 2.3‐fold increased risk of death (95% CI 1.4, 3.7; P = 0.0010). When divided into cohorts defined by their combined cachexia and high versus low SUVMax tumour status, positive cachexia status or/and high SUVMax tumours were associated with similar significant decrements in survival.

Conclusion

A positive association was present between cancer‐associated weight loss and SUVMax of the primary tumour, suggesting greater glycolytic metabolism in gastroesophageal tumours that induce cachexia. This interpretation of routinely administered PET scans could lead to earlier categorization of patients with cachexia‐inducing tumours. Both cachexia and high SUVMax status were independently associated with worsened survival outcomes, further supporting their prognostic relevance in patients with gastroesophageal cancer.
Coactivator‐associated arginine methyltransferase 1 controls oligodendrocyte differentiation in the corpus callosum during early brain development
Authors: Ishino Yugo , Shimizu Shoko , Tohyama Masaya , Miyata Shingo
Published: February 2022

Protein arginine methylation has been recognized as one of key posttranslational modifications for refined protein functions, mediated by protein arginine methyltransferases (Prmts). Coactivator‐associated arginine methyltransferase (Carm1, also known as Prmt4) participates in various cellular events, such as cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation through its protein arginine methylation activities. Carm1 regulates cell proliferation of a neuronal cell line and is reportedly expressed in the mammalian brain. However, its detailed function in the central nervous system, particularly in glial cells, remains largely unexplored. In this study, Carm1 exhibited relatively high expression in oligodendrocyte (OL) lineage cells present in the corpus callosum of the developing brain, followed by a remarkable downregulation after active myelination. The suppression of Carm1 activity by inhibitors in isolated oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) reduced the number of Ki67‐expressing and BrdU‐incorporated proliferating cells. Furthermore, Carm1 inactivation attenuated OL differentiation, as determined by the expression of Plp, a reliable myelin‐related marker. It also impaired the extension of OL processes, accompanied by a significant reduction in gene expression related to OL differentiation and myelination, such as Sox10, Cnp, Myrf, and Mbp. In addition, OLs co‐cultured with embryonic dorsal root ganglia neurons demonstrated that Carm1 activity is required for the appropriate formation of myelin processes and myelin sheaths around neuronal axons, and the induction of the clustering of Caspr, a node of Ranvier structural molecule. Thus, we propose that Carm1 is an essential molecule for the development of OPCs and OLs during brain development.
Phenotypic selection on floral traits in the arctic plantParrya nudicaulis(Brassicaceae)
Authors: Carlson Matthew L. , Fulkerson Justin R.
Published: March 2022

The evolution of floral traits is often attributed to pollinator‐mediated selection; however, the importance of pollinators as selective agents in arctic environments is poorly resolved. In arctic and subarctic regions that are thought to be pollen limited, selection is expected to either favor floral traits that increase pollinator attraction or promote reproductive assurance through selfing. We quantified phenotypic selection on floral traits in two arctic and two subarctic populations of the self‐compatible, but largely pollinator‐dependent,Parrya nudicaulis. Additionally, we measured selection in plants in both open pollination and pollen augmentation treatments to estimate selection imposed by pollinators in one population. Seed production was found to be limited by pollen availability and strong directional selection on flower number was observed. We did not detect consistently greater magnitudes of selection on floral traits in the arctic relative to the subarctic populations. Directional selection for more pigmented flowers in one arctic population was observed, however. In some populations, selection on flower color was found to interact with other traits. We did not detect consistently stronger selection gradients across all traits for plants exposed to pollinator selection relative to those in the pollen augmentation treatment; however, directional selection tended to be higher for some floral traits in open‐pollinated plants.
Seismic analysis of a modern 14‐story reinforced concrete core wall building system using the BTM‐shell methodology
Authors: Mavros Marios , Panagiotou Marios , Koutromanos Ioannis , Alvarez Rodolfo , Restrepo Jose I.
Published: March 2022

This paper uses computational simulation to investigate the lateral load‐displacement behavior and failure modes of a modern 14‐story reinforced concrete (RC) core wall building. The design complies with the minimum code requirements of the current California Building Code, which is based on ASCE 7–16 and ACI 318–14. The computational representation of the building, which accounts for the material nonlinearities of all structural components, employs the beam‐truss model (BTM) for the walls and floor slabs. Analyses of the building model are conducted for static monotonic and cyclic lateral loads using the program FE‐MultiPhys, which provides a user‐friendly implementation of the BTM as an assemblage of rectangular shell macroelements. Two different load patterns, that is, lateral load distributions along the building height, are considered. The analyses provide insights into the evolution of damage and lateral strength degradation and their dependence on the load pattern, while also elucidating the complex interaction between the webs and flanges of the core wall and the system effects associated with coupling between the walls, beams, slabs, and columns. The presentation of the analytical results is accompanied by a discussion on the advantages of the BTM over seismic analysis methods used in current code‐minimum and performance‐based seismic design (PBSD) practice.
Effect of incorporation of snail meat powder on sensory attributes and consumer acceptability of sorghum‐wheat buns
Authors: Agengo Fredrick B. , Onyango Arnold N. , Serrem Charlotte A. , Okoth Judith K.
Published: March 2022

Formulation of foods from –low‐lysine cereals fortified with animal protein is a potentially sustainable approach to enhance protein quality in diet due to nutritional compensation while buns are valuable vehicles to deliver nutrients to human body because of their relatively noble eating quality and extended shelf life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensory attributes and consumer acceptability of sorghum‐wheat buns containing snail meat powder (SMP). Buns were prepared by replacing 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% of sorghum‐wheat composite flour with SMP. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed 99% total variation of 23 attributes for buns scored by a descriptive sensory panel, of which 98% was due to the proportion of SMP that replaced sorghum‐wheat composite flour in buns and the remainder 1% was due to the buns’ physical appearance. Compositing sorghum‐wheat buns with SMP imparted positive consumer attributes of fine crumb, sponginess, and crumby texture. It also resulted in buns with reasonably high sensory acceptability as evaluated by 8‐ to 9‐year‐old school children. The buns can serve as supplementary rich sources of protein for alleviating the menace of protein energy malnutrition in sub‐Saharan Africa.