bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classroom concept as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic: An antivirus built-environment approach
Authors: Samodra F X T B , Harahap B P N
Published: November 2021

This discussion is based on the COVID-19 pandemic, which causes children to be vulnerable to infection due to their still-developing organs and immune system. The nature of the virus to survive in the environment encourages the existence of variants of the virus, making vaccines the only way to stop the virus from spreading internally. Based on the latest research by WHO, a new virus variant has been found with the potential for transmission and effects that are more severe than the previous virus. The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on changing educational activities to distance through the use of technology. Children are a golden phase to learn and get to know something that tends to be through direct interaction. However, this is less effective because of children who need to be supervised and tend to be given natural direction and the children’s homes’ different psychological conditions and conditions. This study aims to analyze the concept of an excellent class to minimize the risk of spreading COVID-19 and other virus variants in the future so that it is safe for the health of users, namely children. It conducts a concept-based framework with an antivirus built-environment approach supported with simulation, literature and precedent review. In the discussion, the concept of an antivirus built-environment class is supported by an understanding of biophilic built-environment, especially biomimetics and direct use of nature, as well as the existence of spatial shift standards due to the risk of spread, government regulations on learning systems, healthy space and climate conditions in Indonesia. Biomimetics translates the character and work system of viruses biologically with the help of antivirus software tools because of the similarities in their properties. Antivirus built-environment on the class concept is realized in the form of scanning incoming users with the help of technology and room protection. The application of this concept, when discovered, is expected to prevent the accumulation of users from minimizing interactions that are at risk of spreading the virus, nourish users with the help of nature, and provide a place for children’s learning activities.
An overview of Prevention through Design (PtD): The architect’s role in the lifecycle of building safety performance
Authors: Syamimi Samsudin Nor , Khalil N. , Yuhaniz Mayamin , Muhammad Aiman Sayed Abul Khair Sayed , Zainonabidin Azman
Published: November 2021

The notion of Prevention through Design (PtD) has been used extensively to mitigate any potential hazard and minimize residual risks during the early design phase. However, there are hurdles in implementing the PtD concept, such as lack of enforcement in terms of legislation and guideline, thus decreasing architects’ responsibilities towards implementing PtD in the design and planning stage. Therefore, the review was motivated to highlight the PtD concept and the architect’s responsibility to build safety performance throughout its entire lifecycle. The finding of this paper reveals the themes that influence the role of architects towards adopting the PtD concept, which in turn affects the safety of the whole building lifecycle. Since this paper focuses solely on the role of architects, further development of the topic can be aimed towards other roles of consultants.
Challenges in maintaining facilities in elderly Pondok Village environment
Authors: Salleh N A , Abdul Talib Y , Ismail K , Alauddin K
Published: November 2021

Pondok originates from an Arabic wordal-funduq which implies a hostel, a transitory home or dormitories meanwhile in Indonesia, a pondok is known as pesantren and dayah. The function of the pondok house is to serve as a center for the study of Islam in the Muslim community that does not have a specific age limit and is allowed to all genders. But most pondok houses are occupied by senior citizens who want to study Islam. The construction and existence of pondok house including facilities provided are mainly used for religious activity. Due to lack of law and regulations to govern the development of Pondok Village (PV), it drives a few problems that are related to insufficient facilities provided which then causes poor performance in managing it. This paper is presenting on the preliminary study from two pondok sites located in Perak, Malaysia. This paper is sought to discover the barriers related to implementing sustainable facilities management to PV. An interview with the building operators and an observation of the facilities provided in the PV was conducted. The findings reveal that lack of financial, lack of knowledge and skill related to sustainability, lack of staff to manage the building and facilities, lack of technology and inconsistent guidelines implemented are the key barriers that contribute to the performance of PV facilities management. Thus, this research recommends the implementation of sustainable facilities management of PV to reduce the cost of operating, proper training to the staffs that manage the facilities in a better way, thus increase skill and knowledge. Finally, the regulatory body should take holistic action in providing a standardization of facilities that should be provided in PV development and management.
The Umah Pitu Ruang concept: Environmental adaptation and the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Zahrah A. , Dewi C. , Putra R. A. , Izziah  , Nichols J.
Published: November 2021

This paper discusses how to adapt the concept of space from Umah Pitu Ruang in the past to modern Gayo houses today, especially to deal with the dynamics of the Covid-19 pandemic case. At the same time, it brings the environmental adaptation of the houses. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. Data collection is done by collecting literature, observation and interviews. The data collected through literature, observation, and interviews will then be analyzed and then described what is found in Umah Pitu Ruang, a modern house, and what the implications are for a healthy home. Although physically, Umah Pitu Ruang is difficult to re-apply nowadays, but some of the spatial concepts of Umah Pitu Ruang can still be adapted for today, including during the COVID-19 pandemic through a sharper perspective. The architecture of the past can provide lessons through local wisdom, one of which is culture. In this discussion we can conclude that the culture that exists in Umah Pitu Ruang can be adapted to the present with a contemporary approach.
Dimensions of rural web as factors influencing farmer’s adoption of sustainable agricultural practices: A review
Authors: Sulaiman N K , Misnan S H , Rashid M F
Published: November 2021

Agriculture is one of the main driving forces of rural development. Ensuring its sustainability in practice will provide economic, social and environmental benefits to the rural area. This will then contribute to sustainable rural development in general. Similarly, the processes of rural development are also the external influences that can facilitate the condition for sustainable practices to be carried out in ease of manner. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the importance of rural development processes as facilitating factors in farmer’s decision-making on the adoption of Sustainable Agricultural Practices (SAP). Using the method of Protocol, Search, Appraisal, Synthesis, Analysis and Reporting (PSALSAR), this study has adapted six steps towards conducting a systematic literature review. A total of 50 empirical studies obtained from Scopus database were reviewed to determine the significant factors influencing the adoption of SAP. These factors were then coded into six dimensions of rural development processes which are endogeneity, novelty, market governance, institutional, social capital and sustainability. The finding of this paper has discovered that the institutional dimension contains the most factors influencing SAP adoption, followed up by social capital. The rural development dimension with the least significant factors from the empirical studies reviewed is the novelty dimension. This finding has highlighted the gap in the literature regarding factors influencing adoption. Future research should consider exploring the relationship between farmers’ novelty practices with their decisions in adopting SAP.
The effect of demolition waste composition on the landfill liner physical characteristic
Authors: Budihardjo M A , Hadiwidodo M , Wardhana I W , Tuasykal M R N A , Samadikun B P , Arumdani I S , Ramadan B S
Published: November 2021

This study analyses the physical characteristics of demolition waste on the composite landfill liner. In this study, three characteristic composite landfill liner tests consist of swelling/specific gravity, OMC standard proctor determination, and atterberg limit test. Composite landfill liner consists of demolition material, bentonite, and lime with eight variable samples. Based on this research, specific gravity ranges from 1.8-2.1 g/cm3, OMC’s highest is V7, and MDD’s lowest is 1.81 g/cm3. Demolition waste content is below 80% can be carried out atterberg limit test. It is related to the particle size distribution test, which states that the size of demolition waste is a type of sand.
Technical and economic feasibility analysis of solar power plant design with off grid system for remote area MSME in Semarang City
Authors: Windarta J , Handoko S , Sukmadi T , Irfani K N , Masfuha S M , Itsnareno C H
Published: November 2021

The distribution of electricity from State Electricity Enterprise does not necessarily reach remote areas, so these areas require alternative sources of electricity, such as solar power plants. This study aims to design and analyze the potential of small-scale off-grid PV in terms of engineering and economics. The research method has used a simulation on PVSyst software with four components, namely solar panels and batteries. The research results were obtained based on four variations made: a 700Wp panel, a 24V 150Ah battery, and an 800W inverter. The design will produce electrical energy of 2 kWh/kWp/day with a total investment value of IDR 54,268,068 for a project period of 24 years. Compared to using a one kVA generator, the investment value was approximately IDR 208,575,063 for a 24-year project. Compared to batteries with the same specifications using a State Electricity Enterprise electricity charging source, the investment value for a 24-year project was IDR 81,036,162. NPV values in all variations obtained < 0, and PBP > the system project period. Thus, this system was considered not economically feasible and did not provide profit. Still, the off-grid solar power plant option was the most profitable than generators or battery power sources with State Electricity Enterprise charging.
Optimization of organic waste processing using Black Soldier Fly larvae Case study: Diponegoro university
Authors: Priyambada I B , Sumiyati S , Puspita A S , Wirawan R A
Published: November 2021

Waste that is not handled correctly can cause problems for humans and the environment. Therefore, proper waste management efforts are needed to solve this waste problem. One method of processing organic waste is the use of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae. Larvae BSF can degrade organic waste, and the life cycle of BSF acts as a decomposer. This study examines BSF larvae’s ability to decompose biodegradable organic waste, especially for banana waste, cucumber waste, and food waste in the Diponegoro University environment, and to decide the effect of the variable type of food. The frequency of feeding carried out on the growth rate of BSF larvae and to choose the decomposition results of biodegradable organic waste carried out by BSF larvae. This research method is carried out by comparing the effectiveness of waste degradation by BFS with EM4. The value of significance in degrading waste is obtained from the calculation of the Waste Reduction Index, or it can be called WRI. The analysis results show that the WRI value in waste processing using BFS is more significant than in waste processing using EM4. That concludes that BSF fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) effectively reduce organic waste compared to EM4.
Optimization of recycled polyethylene terephthalate plastic bottle fibers in grasscrete
Authors: Etyangat A , Tiboti P , Kayondo M , Bakamwesiga H
Published: November 2021

Cement and concrete production account for between 5% to 8% of global CO2. Waste PET plastic and glass waste have also brought about rapid environmental degradation. Glasscrete was developed with glass powder of fewer than 75 microns (has pozzolanic properties) that performed 14% better than concrete at 90 days. So, to further this effort, this experimental research considered the glass create C20 (at 10% cement replacement) and added PET fibers (of aspect ratio 25) at different percentages of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% the weight of cement in a bid to optimize the grasscrete performance and its ability to absorb PET waste. Glasscrete being extremely brittle alone, failed by cracking at all percentage PET additions, thus improving its safety factor. A 1% PET fiber addition to grasscrete exhibited the highest strength properties compared to other percentage additions while having a durability of 1.5% better than concrete. It is thus recommended for structural uses as it outperforms concrete. Despite this, a 1% fiber addition decreased grasscrete’s compressive strength by at least 3.5% at 28 days and 6% at 90 days but improved the flexural strength by 5.4% at 28 days and 0.8% at 90 days testing.
Environmental impact of tofu production in West Jakarta using a life cycle assessment approach
Authors: Sari I P , Kuniawan W , Sia F L
Published: November 2021

Tofu is one of the processed soybean foods that are very popular with Indonesian society. Despite the popularity of Tofu, Tofu production in Indonesia is generally small and medium, reaching 500 kg per day, as in the tofu factory in Semanan, West Jakarta. The purpose of this study is to analyze the environmental impact of tofu production in West Jakarta. The life cycle assessment (LCA) approach was used to achieve this goal with SimaPro software for impact calculations. This research applies the LCA cradle to gate, which consists of soybean cultivation, transportation, and tofu production processes. The environmental impacts of tofu production analyzed in this study include global warming, ozone depletion, acidification, and eutrophication. The impact analysis showed that the acquisition of soybeans, which consisted of soybean cultivation and transportation, had the most significant environmental impact with a global warming potential value of 0.882 kg CO2 eq out of a total of 0.978 CO2 eq for the whole process.
Effect of seawater intrusion on groundwater in the Demak coastal area Indonesia: a review
Authors: Pramita A W , Syafrudin S , Sugianto D N
Published: November 2021

One of the most complicated areas to repair on the North Shore of Central Java is the beach in the Sayung Demak. More than 300 hectares of land have been flooding in the last five years due to high tides. The erosion area in Sayung area has also been affected by port development activities in the Semarang area, thus changing the hydrodynamic nature of Sayung Demak Waters. Overuse of groundwater has been showing to lead to brine ingress in the coastal region. And long-term groundwater withdrawal forces land subsidence formation. A few waterfront structures in Sayung waters were built as breakwaters to decrease incoming waves. The solution presently used to minimize erosion while catching sediment in the Sayung area is hybrid engineering. The purpose of this study is to review the effectiveness of hybrid engineering in the coastal area of Demak and its relation to seawater intrusion and groundwater based on previous research. Understanding the factors that influence water quality in the source area over time is needed to establish appropriate management plans for the protection of groundwater resources and to ensure the safety and health of the beverage.
Organic, nitrogen, and phosphorus removal in hospital wastewater treatment using activated sludge and constructed wetlands
Authors: Hanny V , Rizal A M , Nasuka
Published: November 2021

Due to COVID-19 pandemic, hospital becomes the main and critical facility in any countries. This has also negatively affected the environment, as the wastewater discharged was also increased. Wastewater treatment plant in the hospital will also be affected as there will be fluctuations in volume and quality of wastewater. Hence there is an urgency to choose the appropriate technology as main solution and to improve existing wastewater treatment plant. We will report the performance of integrated system of activated sludge and constructed wetlands applied in a hospital wastewater treatment plant. Both technologies were chosen because they are simple, cheap, and highly effective technologies for wastewater treatment. Activated sludge was able to reduce organic, ammonia, and phosphat content significantly. However, the quality of effluent was still not able to meet the regulation. Application of constructed wetlands as finishing treatment was able to improve the quality of effluent to meet the standard and resulted in BOD, COD, ammonia, and phosphate of 25 mg/L, 24.18 mg/L, <0.01 mg/L, and 0.46 mg/L, respectively. Hence it can be concluded that the integration of activated sludge and constructed wetlands can be an appropriate and effortless treatment system for low-strength wastewater to meet a strict quality standard.
Dam effect confirmation on weaning weight of Boer Goat crosses in Indonesia
Authors: Nugroho T , Nurhidayati A , Widyas N , Prastowo S
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to confirm the present of dam effect on weaning weight trait of Boer goat crosses. A total of 1081 weaning weight records (standardized to 77 days) from 527 does and 16 bucks were analyzed. Data were derived from Boer, Boerja F1 (Boer 3 × Jawarandu ?), and Boerja F2 (Boer 3 × Boerja F1 ?). Two statistic models namely Model 1 and Model 2 were compared using F-test for overall significance. Model 1 is Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) which consist only fixed effect as factor, while Model 2 is mixed model which includes fixed effect as factor and dam as a random effect. The fixed effects in both models are buck, doe type, parity of the dam, sex of kid, birth type, and year of observation. Results showed that buck, doe type, sex, birth type, and observation year affect significantly (P<0.05) to weaning weight, while parity had no effect (P=0.53). Based on the model’s comparison, there was a significant difference (P<0.05) between Model 1 and Model 2. Therefore, it is confirmed the present of dam effect on the weaning weight trait of Boer goat crosses in the studied population.
Effects of cellulase, carnitine and fish supplementations on lipid and fatty acid levels of Muscovy duck eggs
Authors: Sudibya  , Rusdiyana E , Handayanta E
Published: November 2021

The research aimed to investigate the effect of cellulase, carnitine and Lemuru fish oil supplementation on lipid and fatty acid contents of Muscovy duck eggs. A total of 120 Muscovy duck was allocated randomly to 4 dietary treatments. The basal diet consisted of corn, rice bran and layer concentrate, defined as P1. The remaining treatments were basal diet + 0.1% cellulase enzyme (P2), basal diet + 0.1% cellulase enzyme + 40 ppm L carnitine (P3), basal diet + 0.1% cellulase enzyme + 40ppm L-carnitine + 4% Lemuru fish oil (P4). Result shows supplementation of cellulase enzyme did not influence lipid, cholesterol, and fatty acid contents in eggs resulted, while supplementation of carnitine decreased cholesterol content (P<0.01) without affecting lipid and fatty acid contents. Furthermore, supplementation of Lemuru fish oil in diet containing cellulase enzyme and carnitine enhanced lipid, high-density lipoprotein, and unsaturated fatty acid contents in the eggs (P<0.01). Accordingly, supplementation of Lemuru fish oil decreased low-density lipoprotein, cholesterol, and saturated fatty acid contents (P<0.01). It is concluded that supplementation of carnitine and fish oil in the diet produced Muscovy duck eggs with considerably high unsaturated fatty acids and low cholesterol contents.
Evaluation of in vitro digestibility and pH of Acacia seed pods (Acacia sp.)
Authors: Hadi R F , Handayanta E , Ngadyastuti I
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to determine the rumen fluid’s in-vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), in-vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and pH of different species Acacia seed pods as a single feed ingredient. The Acacia species in this study were Acacia mangium, Acacia auriculiformis, and Acacia crassicarpa. The method used was in vitro two-stages with the first 48 hours of incubation (the rumen) and the second 48 hours of incubation (post-rumen), and analyses of pH. The research design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 5 replications based on the Acacia species. The data were analysed with oneway analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT). The results showed that IVDMD stage one was 34.59-37.59%; IVOMD stage one was 38.66-43.06%. Stage two of IVDMD was 58.02-59.23%; stage two of IVOMD was 51.67-55.01% and rumen fluid pH were 6.58-7.02. Different Acacia seed pods had significant differences in IVDMD and IVOMD stage one in the rumen and stage two in the post-rumen (P<0.05), but not in the pH value (P>0.05). We concluded that different acacia seed pods had different digestibility values in the rumen and post-rumen. However, it does not affect the rumen acidity.
Evaluation of thermo-mechanical and microbial-facilitated processing on the chemical composition of soybean meal
Authors: Suprayogi W P S , Ratriyanto A , Akhirini N , Hadi R F , Setyono W , Irawan A
Published: November 2021

A laboratory experiment was conducted to examine the effects of microbial fermentation using Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus oryzae on the chemical composition of a commercial soybean meal (SBM). Five quadruplicate samples of SBM were subjected to four treatments with one batch serves as a control. The treatments were steam conditioning treatment (P1) where the other three groups were further fermented with B. subtilis (P2), A. oryzae (P3), and the combination of B. subtilis + A. oryzae (P4). The results showed that bacterial and fungal inoculation increased crude protein (CP) content when compared to control (p<0.05). In addition, fiber fractions including neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were concomitantly decreased with fermentation (p<0.05). In this study, no significant difference was observed on CP and NDF content with heating treatment (P1, p>0.05). However, this treatment decreased ADF content (p<0.05). Ether extract (EE), ash, non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC), and total phosphorus contents were not affected by the treatments. To conclude, fermentation either with bacterial or fungal inoculants was effective to improve the chemical composition of SBM as indicated by increasing CP and decreasing fiber contents of SBM.
Identification of genetic diversity of Bali cattle in Bali and Nusa Penida Island with microsatellite DNA
Authors: Alwiyah  , Baihaqi M , Jakaria
Published: November 2021

Bali cattle is one of Indonesia’s biodiversity with some superiority. Bali cattle scattered in various region, built centered in Bali Island. Polymorphism is very important to keep a population. Microsatellite is one of easiest methods to identify genetic diversity. The aim of this research was to identify genetic polymorphism loci Bali cattle from SPS115, ETH225, and INRA37 in Bali island and Nusa Penida island with microsatellite DNA labeling system. SPS115, ETH225 and INRA37 had been analyzed from total sample of 48 Bali cattle in Bali Island and 47 in Nusa Penida Island. The results of sequent were analyzed by GenAlEx 6.41. The results of this research showed that SPS115, ETH225 and INRA37 are of higher diversity. The highest heterozygosity was found in loci ETH225 in Bali island. The highest PIC was found in loci INRA37 in Nusa Penida Island. The inbreeding rate of Bali cattle was up to 14.1%. Bali cattle in Bali island and Nusa Penida island were different.
Kappa casein (CSN3) gene polymorphism and its effect on cumulative milk yields of Holstein Friesian dairy cattle
Authors: Asmarasari S A , Sumantri C , Gunawan A , Taufik E , Anggraeni A , Hapsari A A R , Dewantoro B
Published: November 2021

Kappa casein (CSN3) is a standout amongst the most vital milk proteins in mammals that assumes a crucial part in milk quality and coagulation. This study aimed to determine genetic polymorphism of the Kappa casein gene (CSN3) and associate its genotype variants on various cumulative milk yields in Holstein Friesian (HF) dairy cattle. A number of 61 blood samples were collected from 2 Holstein Friesian populations, respectively, from IRIAP Breeding Station in Ciawi (61) and Lembang Artificial Insemination Center (Lembang AIC) (17). Real Time -Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) method was used to identify variant genotypes of the Kappa Casein gene. In population were detected all three genotypes GG, GT, and TT. The most frequent genotype was TT, with a frequency of 0.63. Results from the statistical association analysis between g.13975G>T CSN3 genotype and cumulative milk yield in standard lactation length were not significant.
Input parameters for LiGAPS-beef mechanistic model: an attempt to study Bali cattle production under oil-palm plantation systems
Authors: Widi T S M , Widyas N , Prabowo B W , Sumantri I , Maulana H , Baliarti E
Published: November 2021

In Indonesia, integrated oil-palm plantation (OPP) and cattle production systems has been widely practiced in outside Java Island, as an efficient strategy to meet the demand of meat. A dynamic model, called LiGAPS-beef is then needed to simulate the potential and feed-limited production of Bali cattle. This pre-liminary study was aimed to identify and determine the input parameters of Bali cattle production under oil-palm plantation systems for LiGAPS-beef. Literature review and survey on intensive and semi-intensive OPP-cattle integrated systems (I-OPP and SI-OPP), were done, to identify the parameters which define (potential) and limit (actual) the production of Bali cattle. The general parameters were calf crop (%), weaning age (month), culling rate (%year−1), heat increment of feeding; ME content undergrowth plants, grass, legumes, oil palm by products and, concentrates (MJkg−1 DM); potential production of undergrowth plants, grass, legumes, and oil palm by products (kgDMha−1year−1); percentage of carcass (%) and percentage of beef meat (%).The difference between the potential and actual production then will be simulated using LiGAPS- beef to assess the yield gap of Bali cattle production under OPP systems.
Molecular screening of bovine β-casein (CSN2) A2 variant in Indonesian Holstein dairy cattle as attempt to produce digestive friendly milk
Authors: Nuhriawangsa A M P , Mulyani T , Pambuko G , Vanessa R , Purwadi  , Widyas N , Prastowo S
Published: November 2021

Cow’s milk-intolerance is a digestive problem on people who not able to digest milk. This problem may relate to the variant of (3-casein (CSN2), especially A1, suggested due to (3-casomorphins (BCM-7) formation during enzymatic digestion, for that selecting cattle free BCM-7 become a concern to produce digestive friendly milk. This study aimed to differentiate A1 and A2 allele variant of CSN2 gene in selected population of Indonesian Holstein cattle. In total 70 cows DNA were collected, and fragment of CSN2 exon 7 which contain Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) rs43703011 and rs43703013 were amplified. Variant analysis was done by mutation site analysis using PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) withMsplrestriction enzyme and DNA sequence for confirmation. Result shows 2 allele variants of (3-casein that are B type, representing A1 family variant, and A2 in mutation site rs43703013C>G. We found A2 allele in the studied population is superior in frequency than A1 (0.916 vs. 0.084). Of that, 8.6% cattle were heterozygotes that is BA2 and 91.4% were homozygotes A2A2. Cattle which carry A1 allele variant should be excluded from dairy cattle breeding program for further milk production free of BCM-7.
Lateral prefrontal cortex is a hub for music production from structural rules to movements
Authors: Bianco Roberta , Novembre Giacomo , Ringer Hanna , Kohler Natalie , Keller Peter E , Villringer Arno , Sammler Daniela
Published: November 2021

Complex sequential behaviors, such as speaking or playing music, entail flexible rule-based chaining of single acts. However, it remains unclear how the brain translates abstract structural rules into movements. We combined music production with multimodal neuroimaging to dissociate high-level structural and low-level motor planning. Pianists played novel musical chord sequences on a muted MR-compatible piano by imitating a model hand on screen. Chord sequences were manipulated in terms of musical harmony and context length to assess structural planning, and in terms of fingers used for playing to assess motor planning. A model of probabilistic sequence processing confirmed temporally extended dependencies between chords, as opposed to local dependencies between movements. Violations of structural plans activated the left inferior frontal and middle temporal gyrus, and the fractional anisotropy of the ventral pathway connecting these two regions positively predicted behavioral measures of structural planning. A bilateral frontoparietal network was instead activated by violations of motor plans. Both structural and motor networks converged in lateral prefrontal cortex, with anterior regions contributing to musical structure building, and posterior areas to movement planning. These results establish a promising approach to study sequence production at different levels of action representation.
A Statewide Collaborative Quality Initiative to Improve Antibiotic Duration and Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized With Uncomplicated Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Vaughn Valerie M , Gandhi Tejal N , Hofer Timothy P , Petty Lindsay A , Malani Anurag N , Osterholzer Danielle , Dumkow Lisa E , Ratz David , Horowitz Jennifer K , McLaughlin Elizabeth S , Czilok Tawny , Flanders Scott A
Published: November 2021

Background

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common cause for hospitalization and antibiotic overuse. We aimed to improve antibiotic duration for CAP across 41 hospitals participating in the Michigan Hospital Medicine Safety Consortium (HMS).

Methods

This prospective collaborative quality initiative included patients hospitalized with uncomplicated CAP who qualified for a 5-day antibiotic duration. Between 23 February 2017 and 5 February 2020, HMS targeted appropriate 5-day antibiotic treatment through benchmarking, sharing best practices, and pay-for-performance incentives. Changes in outcomes, including appropriate receipt of 5 ± 1–day antibiotic treatment and 30-day postdischarge composite adverse events (ie, deaths, readmissions, urgent visits, and antibiotic-associated adverse events), were assessed over time (per 3-month quarter), using logistic regression and controlling for hospital clustering.

Results

A total of 41 hospitals and 6553 patients were included. The percentage of patients treated with an appropriate 5 ± 1–day duration increased from 22.1% (predicted probability, 20.9% [95% confidence interval: 17.2%–25.0%]) to 45.9% (predicted probability, 43.9% [36.8%–51.2%]; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] per quarter, 1.10 [1.07–1.14]). Thirty-day composite adverse events occurred in 18.5% of patients (1166 of 6319) and decreased over time (aOR per quarter, 0.98 [95% confidence interval: .96–.99]) owing to a decrease in antibiotic-associated adverse events (aOR per quarter, 0.91 [.87–.95]).

Conclusions

Across diverse hospitals, HMS participation was associated with more appropriate use of short-course therapy and fewer adverse events in hospitalized patients with uncomplicated CAP. Establishment of national or regional collaborative quality initiatives with data collection and benchmarking, sharing of best practices, and pay-for-performance incentives may improve antibiotic use and outcomes for patients hospitalized with uncomplicated CAP.
Diagnosis and management of arrhythmias in pregnancy
Authors: Senarath Sachintha , Nanayakkara Pavitra , Beale Anna L , Watts Monique , Kaye David M , Nanayakkara Shane
Published: November 2021

Arrhythmias are the most common cardiac complications occurring in pregnancy. Although the majority of palpitations in pregnancy may be explained by atrial or ventricular premature complexes, the full spectrum of arrhythmias can occur. In this article, we establish a systematic approach to the evaluation and management of arrhythmias in pregnancy. Haemodynamically unstable arrhythmias warrant urgent cardioversion. For mild cases of benign arrhythmia, treatment is usually not needed. Symptomatic but haemodynamically stable arrhythmic patients should first undergo a thorough evaluation to establish the type of arrhythmia and the presence or absence of structural heart disease. This will ultimately determine the necessity for treatment given the potential risks of anti-arrhythmic pharmacotherapy in pregnancy. We will discuss the main catalogue of anti-arrhythmic medications, which have some established evidence of safety in pregnancy. Based on our appraisal, we provide a treatment algorithm for the tachyarrhythmic pregnant patient.
Ray velocity derivatives in anisotropic elastic media. Part II—polar anisotropy
Authors: Ravve Igor , Koren Zvi
Published: November 2021

Considering general anisotropic (triclinic) media and both, quasi-compressional (qP) and quasi-shear (qS) waves, in Part I of this study, we obtained the ray (group) velocity gradients and Hessians with respect to the ray locations, directions and the elastic model parameters along ray trajectories. Ray velocity derivatives for anisotropic elastic media with higher symmetries were considered particular cases of general anisotropy. In this part, Part II, we follow the computational workflow presented in Part I, formulating the ray velocity derivatives directly for polar anisotropic media (transverse isotropy with tilted axis of symmetry, TTI) for the coupled qP waves (quasi-compressional waves) and qSV waves (quasi-shear waves polarized in the ‘axial’ plane) and for SH waves (shear waves polarized in the ‘normal’ plane). The acoustic approximation for qP waves is considered a special case. In seismology, the medium properties, normally specified at regular 3-D fine gridpoints, are the five material parameters: the axial compressional and shear wave velocities, the three (unitless) Thomsen parameters and two geometric parameters: the polar angles defining the local direction (the tilt) of the medium symmetry axis. All the parameters are assumed spatially (smoothly) varying, so that their spatial gradients and Hessians can be reliably numerically computed. Two case examples are considered; the first represents compacted shale/sand rocks (with positive anellipticity) and the second, unconsolidated sand rocks with strong negative anellipticity (manifesting a qSV triplication). The ray velocity derivatives obtained in this part are first tested by comparing them with the corresponding numerical (finite difference) derivatives. Additionally, only for validation purpose, we show that exactly the same results (ray velocity derivatives) can be obtained if we transform the given polar anisotropic model parameters (five material and two geometric) into the 21 stiffness tensor components of a general anisotropic (triclinic) medium, and apply the theory derived in Part I. Since in many practical wave/ray-based applications in polar anisotropic media only the spatial derivatives of the axial compressional wave velocity are taken into account, we analyse the effect (sensitivity) of the spatial derivatives of the other parameters on the ray velocity and its derivatives (which, in turn, define the corresponding traveltime derivatives along the ray).
A novel CARM1–HuR axis involved in muscle differentiation and plasticity misregulated in spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Ravel-Chapuis Aymeric , Haghandish Amir , Daneshvar Nasibeh , Jasmin Bernard J , Côté Jocelyn
Published: November 2021

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is characterized by the loss of alpha motor neurons in the spinal cord and a progressive muscle weakness and atrophy. SMA is caused by loss-of-function mutations and/or deletions in the survival of motor neuron (SMN) gene. The role of SMN in motor neurons has been extensively studied, but its function and the consequences of its loss in muscle have also emerged as a key aspect of SMA pathology. In this study, we explore the molecular mechanisms involved in muscle defects in SMA. First, we show in C2C12 myoblasts, that arginine methylation by CARM1 controls myogenic differentiation. More specifically, the methylation of HuR on K217 regulates HuR levels and subcellular localization during myogenic differentiation, and the formation of myotubes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that SMN and HuR interact in C2C12 myoblasts. Interestingly, the SMA-causing E134K point mutation within the SMN Tudor domain, and CARM1 depletion, modulate the SMN–HuR interaction. In addition, using the Smn2B/− mouse model, we report that CARM1 levels are markedly increased in SMA muscles and that HuR fails to properly respond to muscle denervation, thereby affecting the regulation of its mRNA targets. Altogether, our results show a novel CARM1–HuR axis in the regulation of muscle differentiation and plasticity as well as in the aberrant regulation of this axis caused by the absence of SMN in SMA muscle. With the recent developments of therapeutics targeting motor neurons, this study further indicates the need for more global therapeutic approaches for SMA.
Vorinostat Corrects Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Symptoms in a Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Ding Qi , Wu Xueting , Li Xuan , Wang Hongbing
Published: November 2021

Background

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by mutations in the FMR1 gene. It is a form of heritable intellectual disability and autism. Despite recent advance in elucidating disease mechanisms, there is no efficacious medication. Because de novo drug development is a lengthy process, repurposing the existing FDA-approved drugs offers an opportunity to advance clinical intervention for FXS. Our previous study with transcriptome analysis predicts potential therapeutic effects of vorinostat on FXS.

Methods

We analyzed the vorinostat-induced transcriptome changes and confirmed its similarity to that induced by trifluoperazine, which was previously shown to correct pathological outcomes associated with FXS. To validate the therapeutic efficacy, we examined vorinostat’s effect on correcting the key behavioral and cellular symptoms in a mouse model of FXS.

Results

We found that vorinostat restores object location memory and passive avoidance memory in the Fmr1 knockout mice. For the non-cognitive behavioral symptoms, vorinostat corrected the autism-associated alterations, including repetitive behavior and social interaction deficits. In the open field test, vorinostat dampened hyperactivity in the center area of the arena. Surprisingly, vorinostat did not correct the abnormally elevated protein synthesis in cultured Fmr1 knockout hippocampal neurons, suggesting that different aspects of pathological outcomes may respond differently to a specific therapeutic intervention.

Conclusions

We used the drug-induced transcriptome signature to predict new application of existing drugs. Our data reveal the therapeutic effects of the FDA-approved drug vorinostat in a mouse model of FXS.
Monoclonal Antibody Treatment of Breakthrough COVID-19 in Fully Vaccinated Individuals with High-Risk Comorbidities
Authors: Bierle Dennis M , Ganesh Ravindra , Tulledge-Scheitel Sidna , Hanson Sara N , Arndt Lori L , Wilker Caroline G , Razonable Raymund R
Published: November 2021

Background

Breakthrough coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may occur in fully vaccinated persons.

Methods

We assessed the clinical outcomes of breakthrough COVID-19 in fully vaccinated individuals.

Results

In this cohort of 1395 persons (mean age, 54.3 years; 60% female; median body mass index, 30.7) who developed breakthrough COVID- 19, there were 107 (7.7%) who required hospitalization by day 28. Hospitalization was significantly associated with the number of medical comorbidities. Antispike monoclonal antibody treatment was significantly associated with a lower risk of hospitalization (odds ratio, 0.227; 95% confidence interval, 0.128–0.403; P < .001). The number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent 1 hospitalization was 225 among the lowest risk patient group compared with NNT of 4 among those with highest numbers of medical comorbidity.

Conclusions

Monoclonal antibody treatment is associated with reduced hospitalization in vaccinated high-risk persons with mild to moderate COVID-19.
Comparison viaeher
Authors: Umbach Carla , Solt Stephanie
Published: November 2021

This paper is about the semantics of the German adverb eher, which has three, or perhaps four, readings: temporal, epistemic, metalinguistic and—depending on whether it is accepted as a genuine reading—preference. In its epistemic reading, eher gained prominence in semantics because it was used by Kratzer (1981) to argue that the notion of possibility is gradable. Eher has also received attention from a diachronic perspective, where it has been compared to the English adverb rather ( Gergel 2009).

Our analysis starts from the temporal reading which, first of all, expresses temporal precedence. We argue that temporal eher is indexical (unlike früher/‘earlier’), comparing closeness to a perspectival center, and that the non-temporal readings inherit their basic structure from the temporal one. The analysis of the non-temporal readings will be embedded in a Kratzer-style ordering semantics, deviating from the standard picture in assuming (i), that both the modal base and the ordering source are relativized to a perspective holder and (ii), that in the case of metalinguistic eher, interpretations (in the sense of Barker 2002/ Krifka 2012) are compared instead of worlds. Our analysis is different from that developed by Herburger & Rubinstein (2018), which ignores the temporal as well as the metalinguistic reading and takes recourse to “degrees of belief”.

At the end of the paper, we briefly look at expressions related to eher, including English more and its German counterpart mehr as well as English rather, and also at the modal reading of German schon (‘already’).
Novel type of medial meniscus ramp lesion: a case report and surgical technique
Authors: Alomar Abdulaziz Z
Published: November 2021

Meniscal ramp lesions have been reported in 9–24% of patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). We report a rare type of double medial meniscus ramp lesion in in a 26-year-old male soccer player who presented with persistent knee instability and an inability to return to sports after a successful ACLR due to unaddressed and untreated ramp lesions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a double ramp lesion, with tears occurring in two separate locations: one tear at the meniscosynovial junction and associated with meniscotibial ligament disruption; and a second, more posteriorly located at the meniscocapsular junction and associated with meniscocapsular attachment disruption. It was found to be very unstable upon arthroscopic assessment and was clinically associated with persistent knee instability even after ACLR, thus necessitating surgical repair to restore knee kinematics.
“The Greatest Encouragement to Seamen”: Pay, Families, and the State in Britain during the French Wars, 1793–1815
Authors: Bickham Troy , Abbey Ian
Published: November 2021

In 1795, Britain’s Parliament passed the “Seamen’s Families Bill” which enabled sailors to allot half of their monthly pay to either their mothers or wives for the duration of their service. This article examines the significance of the bill from a number of perspectives. First is the unprecedented level of national and local bureaucratic organization needed to implement pay allotments successfully. Second, and most extensively, the article examines the records produced by the bill’s implementation, which include such information as place of residence, number and gender of children, rank, wages, and relationship to the recipient. Drawing from a considerable sample of sailors who served from 1795 to the end of the French wars in 1815, the authors created a database of 7,514 sailors, who volunteered to allot half of their pay, as means to better understand the ordinary men who made up the rank and file of the Royal Navy. Among several findings is a strong challenge to the notion of the independent and irresponsible sailor who enlisted to escape an unhappy home life. Finally, the article considers the significance of the allotments within the British system of poor relief. Highly localized since its inception two centuries earlier, poor relief varied enormously across Britain. Equating annually to roughly one-quarter of poor relief expenditure across Britain, pay allotments to sailors’ families mark an unparalleled intervention by the British central government into social welfare.
Elevated Serum HE4 Concentrations and Risk of Cardiac Complications among Hospitalized Patients with Burns
Authors: Wu Yangyang , Cao Ling , Qi Jun
Published: November 2021

Background

The decrease in effective blood volume after burns is closely related to abnormal heart function.

Objective

To investigate whether serum human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), an indicator of early renal injury, contributes to increased risk of cardiac complications in patients with burns.

Methods

Within 24 hours after hospital admission, clinical condition assessment and biochemical testing in patients with burns were performed. Multivariate analysis was performed by evaluating the relationship between serum HE4 levels and risk of cardiac complications (cardiac insufficiency, arrhythmia, and myocardial infarction) during hospitalization.

Results

The number (percentage) of cardiac complications in all included patients with burns was 80 (15.6%). The results of sensitivity analysis suggest that elevated serum HE4 levels were related to higher risk of cardiac complications in patients with sepsis (OR = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.19–3.17; P <.001) and in patients without sepsis (OR = 2.29; 95% CI, 1.33–4.71l; P = .005), respectively, after adjustments for clinical confounding factors were made. Sepsis did not have a modification effect on the association between serum and cardiac complications among these patients. Also, the results of ROC curve analysis showed that serum HE4 levels have good predictive value for predicting cardiac complications in patients with burns (AUC = 0.708; 95% CI, 0.61–0.81; P <.001).

Conclusions

In the current study, we identified that elevated HE4 levels contributed to increased risk of cardiac complications in the hospital in patients with burns. This novel finding suggests that burn patients with serum HE4 may provide the opportunity to predict cardiac complications before hospital admission.