bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling and Analysis of a Plus-Shaped PN Junction Phase Shifter for Data Centre Applications
Authors: Sugesh R.G. Jesuwanth , Sivasubramanian A.
Published: April 2021

Scaling up of photonic devices is the current research of interest to meet the alarming demand growth in the data centres. The efficiency of the modulator is determined by the performance of the phase shifter. In this paper, a plus-shaped PN junction phase shifter is designed and analysed. This design improved the modulation efficiency and reduced optical loss for high-speed data operation. The width of the P doped region and thickness of thedoped regions in the slabs are varied to obtain high modulation efficiency. The circuit-level simulation analysis was performed on the proposed phase shifterimported in a travelling wave electrode silicon Mach Zehnder modulator. At 80 Gbps, a maximum extinction ratio of 12.39 dB with a bit error rate of 8.67×10-8 was obtained at VπLπ of 1.05 V.cm for the length of the phase shifter of 3.5 mm. The calculated intrinsic 3 dB bandwidth is ~38 GHz and the energy per bit transmission is 1.71pJ/bit.Further analysis was performed to identify the maximum communication distance supported by this proposed phase shifter design in the silicon Mach Zehnder modulator for the data centre requirements.
Virtual Reality Attraction as a Source of Harm in Tort Obligations
Authors: BABIICHUK Volodymyr
Published: April 2021

The article focuses on virtual reality attractions as a source of harming. Taking into consideration the rapid development of scientific and technological progress in the field of entertainment, virtual reality attractions are becoming increasingly popular. Along with exciting stories and fun special effects, virtual reality carries a lot of risks. Compensation for such damage is not regulated by the legislation of Ukraine. The author researched the historical background of entertainment in the field of virtual reality. It has been established that virtual reality dates back to the invention of the first stereoscopes in the 1830s. The second impetus in the development of virtual reality was received in the 1920s, during the invention of the first flight simulators. And in 1982, the world’s first laboratory was created to research and develop virtual reality devices. At the same time, the very term ‘virtual reality’ appeared. The features of the virtual attraction, which are inherent in it as entertainment, are highlighted. Using domestic and foreign dictionaries, the author analyzed etymological meaning by ‘virtual reality’ and ‘virtual reality attractions.’ The features of a virtual attraction, inherent in it as entertainment in the field of virtual reality, have been identified. The author examined how the virtual reality attractions affect the visitor’s mind. The article indicates the ventral and dorsal flows as systems of the brain that encode perceived visual information. The interaction of virtual reality with the human body is connected through these flows. The author identified vulnerable areas of the human body that may get harmed first by the virtual reality attraction. The article considers diseases of the central nervous system that can be provoked by virtual reality attractions that affect the visitor’s mind. The author identifies the injuries that can provoke functional diseases of the nervous system, namely neuroses, and injuries to the autonomic nervous system, such as migraine, Raynaud’s disease, Meniere’s disease.It is established that the virtual reality attractions is a source of harming. The author identified the characteristics of virtual reality attractions as a source of harming. It has been offered the definition of virtual reality attraction as sources of damage. The author summarises and highlights the most popular types of modern virtual reality attractions. The subject of liability for damage caused by the activities of the virtual attractions has been identified.
The Evolution of the Legal Regulation of the Separate Living of Spouses under Family Law on Ukrainian Lands
Authors: OKSANIUK Oleh
Published: April 2021

The scientific article investigates the historical aspects of the evolution of legislation on the issues of legal regulation of the separate living of spouses that acted in the Ukrainian lands. In particular, on the basis of a study of the main acts of family law that operated in the Ukrainian lands, the author came to the conclusion that in Ukraine for a long time the legal regime of separate living of spouses existed as an alternative to the termination of marriage in accordance with the canonical norms of the Roman Catholic Church, which did not allow the termination of marriage for any reason other than the death of one of the spouses. This legal institute (called ‘weaning from the table and the lodge’) was introduced in 1563 and generally preserved in Ukraine until 1917 for the spouses of Roman Catholic creed. For the first time at the level of secular family legislation, which operated in the Ukrainian lands, the regulation of the institution of marriage separation was carried out by the Galician Civil Code of 1797. The mentioned legal regime was also mentioned by the Austrian Civil Code and the Code of Laws of the Russian Empire, the drafts of the Collection of the Little Russian Rights and the Code of Local Laws of the Western Provinces, but also in the aspect of ‘weaving from the table and lodge’ of Roman Catholic couples. At the same time, the acts of family law of Austria-Hungary provided for a judicial procedure for establishing the regime of separate living of spouses. In its current form, this legal regime was introduced in 1914 for spouses in cases where cohabitation is intolerable due to ill-treatment, abuse, dishonest behaviour, contagious or mental illness. Subsequently, the 1917 marriage decree and the 1919, 1926, and 1969 family codes, adopted during the Ukrainian SSR, did not contain rules on the separation of spouses when regulating divorce. On the other hand, the fact of spousal living was taken into account by the courts during the separation of their property. Subsequently, the institution of marriage separation was returned to the Family law of Ukraine only after the adoption of the current Family Code of Ukraine.
Definition of Development Activity as a Separate Type of Economic Activity
Authors: BLIAKHARSKYI Yaroslav
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the research of development activities in the field of construction of buildings as a separate type of economic activity. An attempt is made to scientifically compare and contrast the concepts of «development activity» and «economic activity». The absence of legal regulation of development activities is noted, which leads to the uncertainty of legal relations in this area. In particular, this concerns the developer’s choice of the main and additional types of economic activities in accordance with the National Classifier of Ukraine «Classification of Economic Activities DK 009:2010» (hereinafter — «NACE»). The analysis of practice of developer’s choice of the main types of economic activities in accordance with the NACE is conducted in the article. The necessity of defining development activities as a type of economic activity in the NACE is substantiated, since such activities, in terms of their content, today cannot be fully attributed to any of the classes existing in the NACE. To confirm this position, the author reveals the scientific and legislative definition of «construction organization», compares the common and distinctive features of the categories «development» and «organization of building construction». Emphasis is placed on the inconsistency of the concepts used in class NACE 41.10 «Organization of building construction». The article provides arguments that the class of NACE 41.10 «Organization of building construction», although it is determined by the main type of economic activity for developers in practice, but it does not fully cover the content of development activities. Based on the results of the research, it is proposed to amend the class of NACE 41.10 «Organization of building construction» and supplement it with a new paragraph as follows: «organization in the interests of the customer of a set of actions for the development, direct implementation and attraction to financing of projects related to the creation or qualitative transformation of buildings, increasing their market value and investment attractiveness through the comprehensive preparation of a land plot for further development, construction of new or reconstruction of existing buildings (development activities)».
The Subject of the Migration Process as the Main Component of the Administrative and Legal Mechanism of Migration
Authors: STOROZHUK Iryna
Published: April 2021

One of the conditions for building the rule of law is to improve public management of migration processes in accordance with international standards. Migration is an integral part of any state. Migration processes can be affected by economic, political, social, demographic factors, environmental or man-made disasters. Not the least role in migration processes is played by military conflicts or religious or racial persecution. Migration is the movement of a person to change his or her place of residence or stay, involving the crossing of a state border or the boundaries of administrative-territorial units. The administrative and legal mechanism of migration covers the main elements of the migration process. The main one is the subject. Migrant as the subject is a person through whom migration relations arise. The system of public authorities is treated as a subject of regulation of migration processes on behalf of the state. It is the interaction of the subjects that makes migration relations real. The subjects of migration processes are: public authorities and administration, which are endowed with certain powers in the field of migration management. Individuals who have crossed administrative borders or changed their place of permanent residence can be citizens of Ukraine, citizens of foreign countries, stateless persons, refugees, internally displaced persons. Non-governmental organizations that do not have direct authority to manage migration processes and can have a direct impact on the integration of migrants into the new social environment. The ratio of executive, legislative and judicial power in the system of legal regulation of migration in Ukraine shows that the indispensable attribute of the state-power mechanism, built on the principles of separation of powers, is the executive power. It creates conditions for the implementation of the preventive function of the legislature, initiates changes in the current migration legislation; implements its own executive and administrative functions; supports the exercise of judicial functions by the judiciary and itself acts as an object of judicial influence. The analysis shows that geopolitical migration processes contribute to the expansion of the subjects of migration processes, and that one of the current problems of the modern system of administrative and legal regulation of migration processes is the need to reconcile the interests of the state, its citizens and migrants.
The Effects of Written Corrective Feedback on Japanese EFL Students’ Writing
Authors: McGrath Darby
Published: April 2021

This study investigated the effect of written corrective feedback (WCF) on written accuracy. It focused on accuracy in 4 pieces of writing over 2 months in a group of 30 students at a Japanese university. No significant effect was found either for time or feedback type on accuracy. This is contrary to the findings of a majority of recent research. Possible factors in this discrepancy are considered. This article discusses the possibility that WCF is ineffective, or at least less effective, in EFL contexts. It is also speculated that the experimental approach taken in this study may have played a role in its null findings.

本研究は英作文の正確さについて、英作文に対する様々な訂正法（written corrective feedback以下WCF）の効果について調査したものである。この調査は日本の大学に於いて、三十名の学生を対象に二ヶ月間に渡り、四つの英作文を正確さに焦点を当てながら異なったフィードバックを行ったものである。正確さという点に於いて、回を追っても英作文に対する様々な訂正法の違いに関わらず、有意な効果は見受けられなかった。この結果は昨今における大多数の研究結果とは結論を異にする。このような結果が出た理由を推察してみると次のことが挙げられる。まず、この研究で論じているのはEFLとして学ぶ状況を鑑みた時、WCFは効果がない、もしくは、あまり効果がない恐れがあるということである。また、リサーチデザインによる影響も考慮すべきであろう。
Students’ Experience of English Medium Instruction Classes in Medical School in Japan
Authors: Sugimoto Sayaka
Published: April 2021

In the last few decades, the number of universities offering English medium instruction (EMI) in Japan has increased rapidly. Yet, studies on the EMI experiences of Japanese university students are limited in number. Few studies have examined the EMI experiences of students in medical school, who tend to have high English proficiency given the intense preparation required for the entrance exam. To fill this knowledge gap, I investigated medical students’ views on their experiences of elective medical and non-medical EMI courses that they were required to take. An analysis of 93 survey and 7 interview responses revealed that the majority of them found the level of their EMI classes to be reasonable, while approximately 30% found it to be difficult, especially in terms of speaking, listening, and vocabulary. Most of the students who experienced these problems did not do anything to solve them, revealing the presence of unmet support needs.

ここ数十年間の日本のEMI（英語による専門科目の授業）の増加は著しい。一方、EMIの急速な普及により実践が研究を先回っている現状があり、日本人の大学生のEMI経験を深く調査した研究は少ない。例えば、入試への集中的な準備期間により比較的英語能力の高い医学部生のEMI経験を調査した研究は稀である。この知識の欠落を埋めることに貢献するため、本研究では93名分の質問紙調査の結果と7名分のインタビュー調査の結果を用いて、日本の医学部生のEMIの授業における経験を調査分析した。結果、回答者のうち大多数の学生が授業レベルを丁度よいと評価し、極めて困難であると評価した学生は３割程度であった。困難を感じた学生は特にスピーキング、リスニング、語彙の側面を困難であると評価している。困難を経験した学生の多くは問題を解決するために何もしなかったと回答しており、少数派ながら一定の学生の満たされていない学習支援ニーズの存在が明らかになった。
Study Of Atmospheric Absorption And PWV In The Suffa Plateau (Uzbekistan)
Authors:   Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute, Uzbek Academy Of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Raupov D.A.
Published: April 2021

Radio Astronomical Observatory of Suffa, and new proposals for radioastroclimatic (seeing) studies for atmospheric radio prediction are described. The paper presents the results of many-year (2015-2020) and seasonal observations of the astroclimate at the construction site of the RT-70 radio telescope on the Suffa plateau (an altitude of 2400 m above sea level). Observations were carried out automatically every 10 minutes throughout the year, starting from November 2014.
Shooter's Clothes
Authors:   Teacher Of Military Education, Fergana State University, Uzbekistan, Abdullahakimovich Turakhanov Akrom
Published: April 2021

This article is about clothing used for shooting briefly illuminated. This article is intended to acquaint students of higher, secondary special and secondary education institutions with information about clothing used in shooting.
The Importance Of Applying “Multi-Intelligence Theory” To The Educational Process
Authors:   Candidate Of Physical And Mathematical Sciences, Associate Professor, Director Of Shakhrisabz Branch Of Tashkent State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan, Ganiev A.G.
Published: April 2021

The importance of assessment in the educational process and international assessment systems were discussed. There is also information on the dependence of a child's educational opportunities on genetic factors and upbringing. In this regard, it is recommended to use Gardner's "theory of multiplicity of intelligence" to make the most of the child's potential. The article presents a map of the “multi-intelligence theory” of intellect and comments on the relationship of types of intellect to the cerebral hemispheres. A "Child Intelligence Diagram" is also recommended for practice.
Methods Of Teaching Russian As A Non-Native Language
Authors:   Lecturer, Tashkent State Technical University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Isakovna Usmonova Manzura
Published: April 2021

The teaching method is one of the basic categories of teaching methods. In the general didactic sense, the concept of a method includes the methods of interrelated activities of the teacher and students, aimed at achieving the goals of education, upbringing and development of students. In this understanding, the methods can be universal, applicable to teaching different disciplines, although they have their specific embodiment in each discipline. For a language teacher, methods are important as sources of knowledge, skills and abilities formation. These methods include: working with a text, a book, a teacher's story, conversation, excursion, exercises, the use of visualization in teaching. Depending on the independence of educational actions performed by students, active and passive methods are distinguished; by the nature of the work of students - oral and written, individual and collective, classroom (classroom) and home.
The Effective Ways Of Entrepreneurial Opportunities For Small And Medium Enterprise Scheme (SMEs) In Borno State
Authors:   PHD, Student Of City University Cambodia, Mohammed Ali Umar
Published: April 2021

The study investigated effects of insurgency on educational development in Borno State. Basic education is the first level of education for children at primary 1 level to basic 9 which is the junior secondary school level in Nigeria. However, achieving education for all Nigerian children, Borno state need a secured teaching and learning environment. The study examined the effect of insurgent activities such as abduction of pupils and attacks on teachers in basic schools of Borno State and its effect to the development of the education in the state. The sample for the study was 270 teachers of basic schools, selected on the basis of 10 teachers from each of the 27 local government area that constitute Borno State. The instrument for data collection was a 20 items questionnaire title: Boko Haram Insurgency and educational development Questionnaires (HIEDQ). Two research questions were formulated, data collected were converted to mean, standard deviation and used to answer the research questions. It was therefore recommended that the Nigerian government should provide security to the state. The government should show higher commitment in mobilizing the armed forces to end the insurgency in the State and provide adequate security in schools. It was further recommended that the religious leaders should preach against violence act in their respective communities.
The Role Of Narrator In The Structure Of The Artistic Fiction
Authors:   Lecturer Department Of Literature, Fergana State University, Fergana, Uzbekistan, Mashrapova Gulsanam Ahadovna
Published: April 2021

This article considers about the image of a narrator, their difference from an author and a storyteller who is the first person “I”, the significance and crucial role in the structure of works pertaining to epic, lyric and dramatic poetry.
Pragmatic Peculiarities Of Scientific And Technical Texts
Authors:   The Faculty Of Psychology, The Teacher At The Department Of Uzbek Language And Literature, Jizzax Branch Of The National University Of Uzbekistan Named After Mirzo Ulugbek, Uzbekistan, Zubaydulla Kizi Teshaboyeva Nafisa , Oybekovna Isanova Visola ,   The Faculty Of Russian Language And Literature, The Teacher At The Department Of Foreign Languages In Social Sciences And Humanities, Jizzakh State Pedagogical Institute, Uzbekistan
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the main characteristics of scientific and technical texts in terms of pragmatic science. Communicative and pragmatic characteristics of scientific and technical texts are considered in present article as well as other important constituents of pragmatic relations, such as communicative intention, content, composition, participants of scientific communication and signature style. Theoretical principles of pragmatic text research on the basis of national and foreign researchers’ concepts have been analyzed. The main participants of scientific and technical communication, namely addresser and addressee have been considered as the key constituents required for establishing communicative and pragmatic situation, communicative intention conveying and realization of communicative and pragmatic potential. The emphasis has been put on pragmatic functions, namely informative, cognitive, persuasive, explanatory, communicative and didactic as well as their actualization in scientific text. Being in the scope of our interest, scientific and technical texts are built under the influence of extralinguistic factors such as background information or diversified interests of the participants of communication.
The Problem Of Designing The Educational Environment For The Communicative Development Of Senior Preschoolers In The Conditions Of A Preschool Educational Organization
Authors:   Independent Researcher Of The Institute For Retraining And Advanced Training Of Directors And Specialists Of Preschool Education Organizations, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Karimovich Muminov Shermuhammad
Published: April 2021

The article describes the relevance of the problem of designing the educational environment for the communicative development of older preschoolers in the conditions of a preschool organization. The definition of the basic concepts is given: communicative development, educational environment, educational environment of communicative development.
Teaching Function Graphs To Students Using Educational Methods
Authors:   Teacher, Department Of Software Engineering, Karshi Branch Of TUIT, Uzbekistan, G'ulomovna Musurmonova Shahlo
Published: April 2021

This article highlights the role of educational technologies and some recommendations related to developing students 'interest in mathematics through the use of interactive learning technologies in drawing function graphs, quickly and meaningfully mastering the full verification stages before describing a function graph, and developing students' independent and creative abilities in the learning process.
Individual Features Of Development Of Information And Communicative Competence In Masters Of Higher Pedagogical Education
Authors:   Teacher Of Chirchik State Pedagogical Institute Of Tashkent Region, Chirchik, Uzbekistan, Zokirov Ulugbek
Published: April 2021

The article discusses some issues of the development of information and communication competence of masters of pedagogical sciences, modern methods of effective use of computer technologies and information, the use of programs for the use of information materials based on intellectual abilities in social and personal activities.
Benefits And Drawbacks Of Implementing PBL In Curriculum
Authors:   PhD Student, Urgench State University, Uzbekistan, Kuronboyevna Axmedova Ugiljon
Published: April 2021

The article discusses about the benefits and drawbacks of implementing PBL as an modern instructional approach in curriculum. The purpose of the article is to know what are the pros and cons of PBL and how to minimize its drawbacks and maximize the benefits in English language teaching.
Development Of Integrative Knowledge On Comparative-Dialectological Competence Of Future Teachers Of The Russian Language
Authors:   Senior Lecturer, Denau Institute Of Entrepreneurship And Pedagogy, Uzbekistan, Nosirovna Musurmankulova Madina , Xamidovna Aminova Roxila ,   Senior Lecturer, Denau Institute Of Entrepreneurship And Pedagogy, Uzbekistan, Avazovna Xamrayeva Ulug’oy ,   Senior Lecturer, Denau Institute Of Entrepreneurship And Pedagogy, Uzbekistan
Published: April 2021

This article discusses the importance of dialect concepts in a comparative plan and the path of development of future teachers in the professional sphere. In long-distance areas dialects, dialect systems and folklore still exist. Improving the system of comparative dialect competence of the Russian and Uzbek languages at present can give a methodical direction to students of the national group. A competent approach to the study of the dialect system develops the knowledge of future Russian language teachers in national schools. Dialect words in both the Uzbek language and the Russian language are considered in a semantic aspect.
The cone method: Inferring decision times from single-trial 3D movement trajectories in choice behavior
Authors: Ulbrich Philipp , Gail Alexander
Published: April 2021

Ongoing goal-directed movements can be rapidly adjusted following new environmental information, e.g., when chasing pray or foraging. This makes movement trajectories in go-before-you-know decision-making a suitable behavioral readout of the ongoing decision process. Yet, existing methods of movement analysis are often based on statistically comparing two groups of trial-averaged trajectories and are not easily applied to three-dimensional data, preventing them from being applicable to natural free behavior. We developed and tested the cone method to estimate the point of overt commitment (POC) along a single two- or three-dimensional trajectory, i.e., the position where the movement is adjusted towards a newly selected spatial target. In Experiment 1, we established a “ground truth” data set in which the cone method successfully identified the experimentally constrained POCs across a wide range of all but the shallowest adjustment angles. In Experiment 2, we demonstrate the power of the method in a typical decision-making task with expected decision time differences known from previous findings. The POCs identified by cone method matched these expected effects. In both experiments, we compared the cone method’s single trial performance with a trial-averaging method and obtained comparable results. We discuss the advantages of the single-trajectory cone method over trial-averaging methods and possible applications beyond the examples presented in this study. The cone method provides a distinct addition to existing tools used to study decisions during ongoing movement behavior, which we consider particularly promising towards studies of non-repetitive free behavior.
Implementasi Kebijakan Standar Pelayanan Minimal Pendidikan Dasar di Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Sleman
Authors: Vitri Oktaria , Kusumawiranti Retno , Suwarjo Suwarjo
Published: April 2021

The aim of this research is to find out and examine the implementation of basic minimum service standard (SPM) policies in the Sleman District Education Office. The type of research is qualitative descriptive research. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and documentation. Analysis of the data with qualitative analysis. The implementation of policies related to the fulfillment of the Basic Education SPM which is the authority of the Sleman Regency Government has not yet reached 100%. In the indicator of basic education quality services from the side of access distance has been fulfilled while the indicators of study groups (rombel) have not been fulfilled. In the indicators of basic education quality services in terms of laboratory availability has not been fulfilled while the availability of teacher rooms already meets SPM standards. In basic education quality services in terms of teacher education qualifications, principals and supervisors have been fulfilled, but in terms of teacher qualifications the educator certified has not been fulfilled. Whereas the indicators for the realization of visits by supervisors to educational units are carried out once every month and each visit is carried out for 3 hours to carry out supervision and guidance not fulfilled. Therefore, in order to fulfill SPM Dikdas, it is best to: give sanctions to schools whose number of classes exceeds SPM, allocate funds with the SPM fulfillment priority scale, provide (support to teachers of PPG trainers) and optimize school supervisor performance.
Rus-Batı Rekabetinin Odak Noktasındaki Anadolu ve Ankara Hükümeti’nin Sovyet Politikası (1920-1922)
Authors: Ada Turhan
Published: April 2021

Ankara, Milli Mücadele döneminde, Batı ile Rusya arasındaki rekabetten yararlanarak Batı emperyalizmini Sovyet desteği ile pasifize etmek istemiştir. Bu strateji ile sadece Sovyet yardımına dayanarak askeri başarı kazanmak hedeflenmemiş; aynı zamanda, Batılı başkentler nezdinde, bir "Bolşevik Anadolu" korkusu oluşturmak suretiyle İtilaf Devletleri'nin "Bağımsız Anadolu" olgusunu onaylamaları sağlanmıştır. Aynı şekilde, Sovyetler de böyle bir ihtimali bilmelerine rağmen, Bolşevik olmasa bile bağımsız kalabilen bir Anadolu'ya razı olmuşlar, bölgede oluşabilecek muhtemel bir Batı nüfuzundan ciddi biçimde endişe duymuşlardır. Bu iki dinamik sayesinde Ankara, sürece avantajlı başlamış ve bu konumunu daima korumuştur. Sonuçta, şartların zorlamasıyla ortak düşmanlara karşı işbirliğine giden iki odağın zoraki işbirliği ile hassas bir konjonktür oluşmuştur. Ankara ve Moskova, birbirlerini, İtilaf Devletleri'yle anlaşarak kendilerini tuzağa düşürmeye hazır zoraki bir ortak olarak görmüşlerdir. Tabii bu bağlamda en fazla endişe eden taraf, böyle bir ihtimali esir olmakla özdeşleştiren "Ankara" olmuş, bu ihtimal Moskova için de geçerli olduğu için, Ankara'yı, etik açıdan, problemsiz bir zeminde tutmuştur. Sürecin son sahnesinde belirleyici olan "Türk Zaferi" olmuş, avantajını askeri gücüyle değerlendiren Ankara, başarıya ulaşmıştır. İtilaf Devletleri ve Moskova da, birbirlerinin güdümüne gireceğine bağımsız olan bir Anadolu'yu kabullenmişlerdir.
YASEMİN DEMİRCAN, Osmanlı İdaresinde Limni Adası, Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları, Ankara 2014, s. 359 sayfa. [Kitap Tanıtımı]
Authors: Yaşar Filiz
Published: April 2021

Lemnos ya da Limnos adıyla bilinen ada, Pers, Atina, Sparta, Roma, Bizans, Venedik-Ceneviz egemenliklerinin ardından 1479 yılında Osmanlı idaresine girmiş ve 453 yıl Osmanlı hâkimiyetinde kalmıştır. Bu kitap, adanın Osmanlı yapılanmasına eklemlenmesini ve Osmanlı sisteminin bir parçası olarak yer alması sürecini, sosyal, ekonomik, idari, askeri ve siyasi açılardan ele alan çok yönlü bir değerlendirmedir. Arşiv kaynaklarına dayalı derin analizler içeren bu eser, Prof. Dr. Yasemin Demircan tarafından literatüre kazandırılmış, uzun bir emeğin ve özverinin ürünü olan bilimsel bir çalışmadır
Vakfiyelere Göre Ticaret Yapılarına Dair Kentsel Bilginin Mekâna İndirgenmesi
Authors: Çöteli̇ Methiye Gül
Published: April 2021

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı oluşumu ve inkişafı açısından yapılı çevre üzerinde vakıfların etkisini incelemek ve vakfiyelerden elde edilen kentsel bilgiyi mekânsallaştırmaktır. Çalışmada bilhassa Kayseri tarihi ticaret bölgesinin oluşumu ve yayılımı üzerine vakıf etkisinin izlerini keşfetme yoluna gidilmiştir. Araştırma Kayseri kentinde ticari gayrimenkuller ile ilişkili Osmanlı dönemi vakfiyelerine ve kentin iki boyutta mekânsal niteliklerini tasvir eden haritalarına dayanmaktadır. Ortaya çıkan harita ve tablolarda vakıfların tarihi ticaret bölgesindeki çeşitli ticari gayrimenkulleri vurgulanmıştır. Çalışmanın bulguları navigasyonel bir araç olarak kullanılabilen vakfiyelerin hem kentsel hem de kırsal alanlarda yapılı çevrenin öznel bir kartoğrafyası olduğunu göstermektedir.
MS 4. Yüzyılda Isauria Eyaleti’nin Siyasal ve İdari Yapısı
Authors: Kurt Mehmet
Published: April 2021

Antik çağda kuzeyden Lykaonia ve Toros dağları doğudan Kilikia, batıdan ise Pamphylia ile çevrilmiş sahalar Isauria, halkı da Isaurialılar olarak adlandırılmıştır. Arazi yapısı açısından oldukça engebeli bir görünüm sergileyen bölgenin çok az bir bölümü tarımsal faaliyetler için uygun şartlara sahiptir. Bölge, bütün eskiçağ boyunca ama özellikle de Roma döneminde çok sayıda haydutluk faaliyetine sahne olmuş ve isyanlar görülmüştür. Isauria'nın tanımlanan bu durumunun en somut örneğini ise MS 4. yüzyılda görmek mümkündür. Bölge, özellikle söz konusu yüzyılın ikinci yarısında neredeyse her on yılda bir geniş çaplı haydutluk faaliyetleri ve isyanlara sahne olmuştur. Özellikle kıtlık ve açlığa bağlı olarak sık sık ayaklanmış olan Isaurialılar, hemen her defasında Kilikia ve Pamphylia kıyıları ile Lykaonia ovasına saldırmışlardır. Isauria ayaklanmalarına bir önlem olarak eyaletin yönetiminde bir takım değişikliklere gidildiği de anlaşılmaktadır. Nitekim MS 4. yüzyılda bölgede görülen haydutluk faaliyetleri ve isyanların şiddeti ile Roma'nın Isauria'da uyguladığı yönetim ve yöneticilere verilmiş olan yetkiler arasında bir ilişkinin olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Öyle ki Isauria Eyaleti'nin 4. yüzyılın birinci yarısındaki yöneticileri praeses Isauria unvanı ile sadece sivil yetkiler kullanmışlardır. Ancak aynı yüzyılın ikinci yarısında ise eyalette yaşanan olayların şiddeti ile de bağlantılı olarak askeri yetkilerle güçlendirilmiş comes veya comes et praeses unvanlarını kullandıkları anlaşılmaktadır. Aynı durum Isauria Eyaleti yöneticilerinin seçiminde de kendisini açıkça göstermektedir ki bu bağlamda MS 4. yüzyıl yöneticileri arasında Flavius isimli yöneticilerin sayıca fazlalığı dikkat çekici bir durumdur. Muhtemelen bölgedeki olaylardan kaynaklı hassas durum nedeniyle bu yöneticiler Roma yönetimine yakın olan ve geçmişte başarılı mesleki kariyere sahip insanlar arasından seçilmişlerdir. Özellikle MS 4. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında yaşanan olayların Isauria eyaletinin askeri önemini son derece artırdığı anlaşılmaktadır. Bu sebeple Roma yönetimi bölgede sadece kalıcı lejyonlar konuşlandırılmakla kalmamış, Isauria'daki isyanları bastırmak ve haydutlarla etkin bir mücadele yapabilmek için Torosların stratejik noktalarına kaleler ve kuleler inşa ettirmiştir. Bölgenin tanımlanan bu durumunu en iyi özetleyen belge ise Roma'nın askeri ve idari makamlarını gösteren Notitia Dignitatum'dur. Notitia Dignitatum'da yer alan Isauria ile ilgili görseldeki iki mimari yapı büyük ihtimalle iki lejyon karargâhını tanımlarken, Toros dağlarını ayıran çizginin üst tarafındaki beş adet mimari yapı ise bölgedeki kale ve kuleleri işaret etmelidir. Bunlardan ikisi çok büyük ihtimalle Isauria isyanlarının yoğunlaştığı alanın kuzeydoğu sınırında bulunan Nunu (Antiokheia) ile Aşağı Akın kaleleri olmalı ve diğerleri de yakın çevrede aranmalıdır.
Osmanlı İdaresinde Kıbrıs’ta Ekmekçi Esnâfı (Habbâz) ve Faaliyetleri
Authors: Özkul Ali Efdal
Published: April 2021

Osmanlı Devleti Kıbrıs'ı fethettikten sonra adanın ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda adaya Anadolu'nun birçok bölgesinden çeşitli mesleklere sahip olan insanlar da göndermiştir. Lefkoşa Sicillerinden öğrenildiği kadarıyla, Osmanlı idaresi boyunca adada yaklaşık 100 civarında esnaf grubu faaliyet göstermiştir. Bu zanaat dalları incelendiğinde, hemen hemen hepsinde adadaki Müslüman ve gayrimüslim halkın karışık olarak birlikte çalıştıkları görülür. Adada faaliyet gösteren zanaat dallarından birisi de Ekmekçi esnafıdır. Ekmeğin hammaddesi olan buğday üretiminde meydana gelen iniş ve çıkışlar direkt olarak ekmek fiyatlarını etkilemekteydi. Günümüzde olduğu gibi ekmek halkın temel tüketim maddelerinden birisi olduğu için bu işi yapan ekmekçiler, sıkı bir denetim altında tutulurlardı. Sicildeki narh kayıtlarında ekmekçilerin ürettikleri ekmeklerin çeşidine, fırınların adlarına, fırında çalışanların isimleri ile ücretlerine, sattıkları ekmeğin ve ekmekçilerin ürettikleri diğer ürünlerin fiyatlarına rastlanmaktadır. Söz konusu çalışmada Lefkoşa Şer'i Sicillerinden yola çıkılarak elde edilen veriler yerli ve yabancı kaynaklarla desteklenmiştir. Sonuç olarak Kıbrıs toplumun bir parçası olan Ekmekçi esnafının adanın sosyo-ekonomik tarihine yaptığı izler irdelenmiştir.
Progress in Glass-Ceramic Seal for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology
Authors: Gunawan  , Sulistyo  , Iwan Setyawan
Published: April 2021

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have emerged as promising energy conversion devices nowadays. SOFC consists of several components such as cathode, anode, electrolyte, interconnects, and sealing materials. In planar SOFC stack construction, the sealant and interconnection functions play an important role. Glass and ceramics are quite popularly used as SOFC sealing materials to achieve several functions including preventing leakage of fuel and oxidants in the stack and electrically isolating cells in the stack. In this review, material preparation, material composition, ceramic properties especially thermal properties are compared from various systems that have been developed previously. The main challenges and complexities in the functional part of SOFC sealants include: (i) chemical incompatibility and instability in the oxidizing and reducing environment by adjusting the value of the thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) with the interconnecting material during SOFC operation, and (ii) insulation of oxidizing fuels and gases by matching CTE anode and cathode. Also, the sealant glass transition determines the maximum permissible working temperature of the SOFC. The choice of method and analysis will provide data on various ceramic attributes. The search for thermal attributes consisting of Glass transition (Tg), Deformation temp (Td), Crystallization temp (Tx), Melting pt (Tm) became a focus on SOFC sealant development.
Building belief: establishing credibility as a medical leader
Authors: Hazelton Lara , MacDonald Michelle
Published: April 2021

Credibility depends upon both an individual’s personal characteristics and how they are perceived. Because a leader’s credibility profoundly affects what they are able to accomplish, establishing credibility can be an important component of leadership development. However, while some factors that affect credibility may be modified through deliberate effort, others cannot. In this article, we explore steps leaders can take to increase their credibility and the limitations imposed by factors beyond the individual’s control.
Estimation of Low Nutrients in Tomato Crops Through the Analysis of Leaf Images Using Machine Learning
Authors: Ponce Hiram , Cevallos Claudio , Espinosa Ricardo , Guti´errez Sebasti´an
Published: April 2021

Tomato crops are considered the most important agricultural products worldwide. However, the quality of tomatoes depends mainly on the nutrient levels. Visual inspection is made by farmers to anticipate the nutrient deficiency of the plants. Recently, precision agriculture has explored opportunities to automate nutrient level monitoring. Previous work has demonstrated that a convolutional neural network (CNN) is able to estimate low nutrients in tomato plants using images of their leaves. However, the performance of the CNN was not adequate. Thus, this work proposes a novel CNNbased classifier, namely CNN+AHN, for estimating low nutrients in tomato crops using an image of the tomato leaves. The CNN+AHN incorporates a set of convolutional layers as the feature extraction part, and a supervised learning method called artificial hydrocarbon network (AHN) as the dense layer. Different combinations of the architecture of CNN+AHN were examined. Experimental results showed that our best CNN+AHN classifier is able to estimate low nutrients in tomato plants with an accuracy of 95:57% and F1-score of 95:75%, outperforming the literature.
Estimating Lifetimes of UV-selected Massive Galaxies at 0.5 ≤ z ≤ 2.5 in the COSMOS/UltraVISTA Field through Clustering Analyses
Authors: Lin Xiaozhi , Fang Guanwen , Xue Yongquan , Fan Lulu , Kong Xu
Published: April 2021

To investigate the lifetimes of red sequence (RS), blue cloud (BC), and green valley (GV) galaxies, we derive their lifetimes using clustering analyses at 0.5 ≤ z ≤ 2.5 in the COSMOS/UltraVISTA field. Several essentials that may influence the lifetime estimation have been explored, including the dark matter (DM) halo mass function (HMF), the width of the redshift bin, the growth of DM halos within each redshift bin, and the stellar mass. We find that the HMF difference results in scatters of ∼0.2 dex on the lifetime estimation, adopting a redshift bin width of Δz = 0.5 is good enough to estimate the lifetime, and no significant effect on lifetime estimation is found due to the growth of DM halos within each redshift bin. The galaxy subsamples with higher stellar masses generally have shorter lifetimes, but the lifetimes in different subsamples at z > 1.5 tend to be independent of stellar mass. Consistently, the clustering-based lifetime for each galaxy subsample agrees well with that inferred using the spectral energy distribution modeling. Moreover, the lifetimes of the RS and BC galaxies also coincide well with their typical gas-depletion timescales attributed to the consumption of star formation. Interestingly, the distinct lifetime behaviors of the GV galaxies at z ≤ 1.5 and z > 1.5 cannot be fully accounted for by their gas-depletion timescales. Instead, this discrepancy between the lifetimes and gas-depletion timescales of the GV galaxies suggests that there are additional physical processes, such as feedback of active galactic nuclei, which accelerates the quenching of GV galaxies at high redshifts.
Accretion-modified Stars in Accretion Disks of Active Galactic Nuclei: Slowly Transient Appearance
Authors: Wang Jian-Min , Liu Jun-Rong , Ho Luis C. , Du Pu
Published: April 2021

Compact objects are expected to exist in the accretion disks of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and in the presence of such a dense environment (∼1014 cm−3), they will form a new kind of stellar population denoted as accretion-modified stars (AMSs). This hypothesis is supported by recent LIGO/Virgo detection of the mergers of very high-mass stellar binary black holes (BHs). We show that the AMSs will be trapped by the SMBH disk within a typical AGN lifetime. In the context of SMBH disks, the rates of Bondi accretion onto BHs are ∼109
L
Edd/c
2, where L
Edd is the Eddington luminosity and c is the speed of light. Outflows developed from the hyper-Eddington accretion strongly impact the Bondi sphere and induce episodic accretion. We show that the hyper-Eddington accretion will be halted after an accretion interval of t
a ∼ 105
m
1 s, where m
1 = m
•/10M
⊙ is the BH mass. The kinetic energy of the outflows accumulated during t
a is equivalent to 10 supernovae driving an explosion of the Bondi sphere and developing blast waves. We demonstrate that a synchrotron flare from relativistic electrons accelerated by the blast waves peaks in the soft X-ray band (∼0.1 keV), significantly contributing to the radio, optical, UV, and soft X-ray emission of typical radio-quiet quasars. External inverse Compton scattering of the electrons peaks around 40 GeV and is detectable through Fermi-LAT. The flare, decaying with t
−6/5 with a few months, will appear as a slowly varying transient. The flares, occurring at a rate of a few per year in radio-quiet quasars, provide a new mechanism for explaining AGN variability.
The resin bee subgenus Ranthidiellum in Thailand (Megachilidae, Anthidiini): nesting biology, cleptoparasitism by Stelis, and new species
Authors: Nalinrachatakan Pakorn , Traiyasut Prapun , Khongnak Anupong , Muangkam Manop , Ascher John S. , Warrit Natapot
Published: April 2021

Resin bees of the subgenus Ranthidiellum, are rare and endemic to Southeast Asia. These bees are known to construct resinous entrance tubes to their nests. Here, the new species Anthidiellum (R.) phuchongensissp. nov.is described along with a description of its nest collected from Phu Chong Na Yoy National Park, Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand. In addition, the bee cleptoparasite, Stelis (Malanthidium) flavofuscinularsp. nov., and the male of A. (R.) ignotum Engel, 2009, are described for the first time. A key toRanthidiellumspecies is also provided.
Sexe / Sexualité. Des sales mots ? Des maux sales ?
Authors: Vignau Sonia
Published: April 2021

La sexualité est très fréquemment objet de censure. Est-il alors possible de parler de sexe, de sexualité simplement, que ce soit en couple, en groupe ? Le faire en toute liberté sans que cela génère embarras, gêne, honte…? Lorsque cette thématique, sexe/sexualité, s’est « invitée » dans le cabinet de cette thérapeute de façon prégnante, elle démarrait tout juste son activité de Gestalt-thérapeute. Les passerelles et les effets de miroir ont été malmenants pour elle durant les premiers mois… Alors qu’elle pensait être en paix avec ce thème, elle a vécu de nombreux tsunamis qui lui auront au fil du temps beaucoup appris, quant à une modalité d’être au monde qu’elle n’avait jamais côtoyée. Ce texte concerne une relation thérapeutique qui s’est déroulée pendant neuf mois.
Sexualité : pulsion et relation
Authors: Philippson Peter , Guyaux Anne , Lastennet Pétronille
Published: April 2021

Après un rappel historique de la perception de F. Perls de la sexualité en gestalt-thérapie, l’auteur, comme Reich, partage le fait qu’il est possible, envisageable et recommandé d’aborder la sexualité en séance de thérapie, tout en maintenant une posture éthique et déontologique.
Fiscalité locale et dynamique d’emploi des territoires : analyse empirique sur les communes françaises
Authors: Chtioui Matthieu , Levratto Nadine
Published: April 2021

La fiscalité locale et les dépenses d’équipement font partie des leviers d’action dont disposent les pouvoirs locaux pour favoriser le développement du territoire et la croissance économique. Cet article analyse si et dans quelle mesure les variations de l’emploi observées localement sont déterminées par les taxes qui s’appliquent aux entreprises. Il s’appuie pour ce faire sur des données françaises structurées par communes au cours de la période 2011-2015 qui débute au moment où est intervenue une profonde réforme de la fiscalité locale. Nos résultats montrent que la fiscalité n’exerce que peu, voire pas, d’influence sur les fluctuations de l’emploi mais que ces dernières sont en revanche sensibles aux dépenses d’équipement des communes. Ils confirment en partie la thèse selon laquelle les taxes collectées localement servent à réaliser des dépenses bénéfiques pour l’ensemble des unités de production présentes sur un territoire. Classification JEL  : R11, R38, O18.
Influence of Walnut (Juglans L.) Shell Particles Addition on the Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Composites
Authors: Mittal Mohit , Phutela Kanchan , Chaudhary Rajiv
Published: April 2021

The primary objective of this research work is to explore the potential of walnut shell particles as a reinforcing agent in the thermoset matrix composite. Therefore, the number of composite samples was developed by varying the filler weight percentage (15%, 25%, 35%, and 45%) in an epoxy polymer. The composite samples were characterized in terms of mechanical properties by using tensile test, flexural or three-point bending test, Izod impact test, compression test, and Rockwell hardness test. Moreover, the effect of cellulosic filler content on the density and water absorptivity of epoxy-based composites was also investigated as per the ASTM standard. Agricultural waste in the form of walnut shell was characterized by the determination of grain size. The experimental results showed that the stiffness and hardness of epoxy thermoset were increased with the decrease in tensile and flexural strength after the addition of walnut shell fine particles. The composite of 35 wt% walnut filler exhibits a balanced combination of strength, stiffness, and toughness. It was found that the mechanical strength and modulus of filled composites were increased with the increase of filler content up to 35 wt%.
Effect of Cutting Fluid on Milling of Additively Manufactured Inconel 738LC
Authors: Ren Guan Hui , Zhou Cong , Zhang Bi
Published: April 2021

This study focuses on the effect of cutting fluid on sample surface integrity and tool wear in milling additively manufactured Inconel 738LC. Sample surface integrity and tool wear characterization was undertaken using scanning electron microscopy, backscatter electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, laser scanning confocal microscopy, ultra-depth of field digital microscope system and digital display hardness tester. Compared with dry milling, wet milling not only provides an entirely different result on surface morphology, but also shows less surface plastic deformation, and smaller surface roughness. In addition, the tool wear mechanisms of wet milling are found to be different compared to dry milling.