bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microjoule‐Level Mid‐Infrared Femtosecond Pulse Generation in Hollow‐Core Fibers
Authors: Deng Ang , Gavara Trivikramarao , Hassan Muhammad Rosdi Abu , Xiong Daiqi , Hasan Md Imran , Chang Wonkeun
Published: March 2023

A fiber‐based approach that generates mid‐infrared femtosecond pulses in the 3–4 m spectral region with microjoule‐level single pulse energy is demonstrated. This is realized in a piece of gas‐filled antiresonant hollow‐core fiber that is pumped by a two‐micron light source. A rapid variation of the dispersion near a structural resonance of the fiber creates a phase‐matching point in mid‐infrared, which mediates the frequency‐down conversion. Femtosecond pulses centered at 3.16 m wavelength with the pulse energy of more than 1 J are generated, achieving a conversion efficiency as high as 8.2%. The emission wavelength is determined solely by the dielectric wall thickness of cladding elements, while the yield is subject to other experimental parameters. This, combined with high power‐handling capability of hollow‐core fibers, makes it possible to power scale the mid‐infrared output by either increasing the pulse energy or repetition rate of the pump. The technique presents a new pathway to build an all‐fiber‐based mid‐infrared supercontinuum source, which promises to be a powerful new tool for ultrahigh sensitivity molecular spectroscopy.
A single session of high‐energy microwave axillary hyperhidrosis and osmidrosis therapy: Key pretherapeutic assessment and outcome analysis
Authors: Wang Yu‐Hsin , Cheng Chun‐Yu , Chang Shyue‐Luen , Hu Sindy , Huang Yau‐Li
Published: March 2023

Background

Microwave therapy is used to treat axillary hyperhidrosis and osmidrosis. Even while a “danger zone” has been identified and reports of potential complications from nerve injury have been made, there has been little real‐world discussion regarding whether there is any pretreatment evaluation key factor that may lower the risk. Furthermore, the efficacy of a single treatment and the safety of high‐energy therapies have not been well investigated.

Objective

The aim of this study is to demonstrate the key aspects of pre‐therapeutic assessment, efficacy, and suitability of a single treatment, as well as the safety of high‐energy treatments.

Methods

Fifteen patients with axillary hyperhidrosis (AH) and axillary osmidrosis (AO) between ages of 20 and 50 had pretherapeutic ultrasonography and clinical assessments performed followed by a single‐pass microwave treatment using the miraDry system at energy level 5. The severity of AH and AO was evaluated using the Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale and Odor‐10 scale, respectively, at baseline, 1 month, 3 months, and 1 year after treatment. Adverse reactions were recorded at each point of evaluation.

Results

Out of 30 treatment areas, 14 have a danger zone. Female gender, a small mid‐upper arm circumference, and a low body mass index (BMI) are all associated risk factors. The average Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale score decreased from 3.1 ± 0.7 to 1.3 ± 0.5 (p < 0.001), while the odor‐10 score declined from 7.1 ± 1.6 to 3.0 ± 1.6 (p < 0.001), indicating a significant improvement in AH and AO. Most of the unfavorable treatment effects disappeared within the first month.

Limitations

This study has no objective quantitative measurement of axillary odor severity and sweat assessment.

Conclusion

Female patients, those with a smaller mid–upper arm circumference, and those with a low BMI should be treated with extra caution, and the tumescent anesthetic dose may be increased based on safety. A high‐energy microwave treatment procedure performed in a single session is a safe and effective therapeutic option with good recovery.
Effect of alloying elements on aqueous corrosion of nickel‐based alloys at high temperatures: A review
Authors: Karimihaghighi Razieh , Naghizadeh Masoumeh
Published: March 2023

Nickel‐based alloys are well‐known multicomponent alloys with a composition carefully balanced to provide the desired properties for various industrial applications. While these alloys are corrosion resistant, under severe conditions corrosion can still occur, which can result in serious damage to a system in operation. To improve their reliability, the composition of nickel‐based alloys can be tailored to particular operating conditions. To improve their corrosion resistance, alloying elements such as chromium, molybdenum (+tungsten), and copper can be added, which promote the oxide formation process and thereby contribute to oxide passivity. This paper reviews and draws conclusions from existing literature on nickel‐based alloy corrosion and oxide formation in high‐temperature environments.
Stress corrosion of copper in sulfide solutions: Variations in pH‐buffer, strain rate, and temperature
Authors: Taxén Claes , Moya Núñez Alice , Lilja Christina
Published: March 2023

Copper is the intended canister material for the disposal of spent nuclear fuel in Sweden. At repository depth the groundwater may contain dissolved sulfide. The main goal for this work is to study the tendency for stress corrosion of copper in sulfide solutions and examine the influence of various experimental parameters on stress corrosion. Slow strain rate testing was performed on copper test rods in solutions with 1.0 mM sulfide. The pH was kept near neutral with phosphate or borate buffer. The test matrix included variations in temperature, strain rate, and duration of the tests as well as salt and buffer concentrations. Cross‐sections of the specimens after testing were investigated using scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy detector. Stress–strain curves do not reveal any signs of stress corrosion. However, intergranular corrosion in the shape of crack and pit‐like features developed in all tests with 1.0 mM sulfide. The length of the deepest features in all these tests was of the same order of magnitude (10–20 µm). The suggested mechanism proposes that crack‐like features originate at the surface of the copper metal from the oxidation of grain boundaries that behave as slightly less noble.
Progress of Hydrophobic Ionogels: A Review
Authors: Wan Xiaodong , He Yunfeng , Xu Ziyi , Li Caicong , Yang Canhui
Published: March 2023

The emergence of hydrophobic ionogels composed of hydrophobic polymer matrices and hydrophobic ionic liquids has drastically broadened the applications of ionic devices, especially for underwater explorations. Compared with traditional ionogels, hydrophobic ones are capable of achieving long‐term stability in ambient and aqueous environments. In this review, the latest research developments of intrinsically hydrophobic ionogels are summarized, with particular emphases placed on the materials, mechanisms and applications. The basic issues about hydrophobic ionogels, including the material systems, dynamic gelation bonds and network structures are elucidated. The up‐to‐date advent of the ambient/underwater applications of hydrophobic ionogels concerning adhesion, self‐healing, and sensing are comprehensively summarized. Special attention is paid to underwater scenarios considering the rapid development of marine explorations and the intrinsic properties of hydrophobic ionogels. Finally, the current challenges and immediate opportunities of this emerging yet fast‐developing research field are discussed.
Riemannian geometries of visual space: Variable curvature and horizon
Authors: Turski Jacek
Published: March 2023

Two‐dimensional (2D) images of light beams reflected off the objects in space impinge on the retinal photoreceptors of our two laterally separated eyes. Nevertheless, we experience our visual percept as a single 3D entity—our visual world that we tend to identify with the physical world. However, experiments point to different geometries in these two worlds. Using the binocular system with asymmetric eyes (AEs), this article studies the global geometric aspects of visual space in the Riemannian geometry framework. The constant‐depth curves in the horizontal field of binocular fixations consist of families of arcs of ellipses or hyperbolas depending on the AE parameters and the eyes' fixation point. For a single set of AE parameters, there is a unique symmetric fixation at the abathic distance such that the constant‐depth conics are straight frontal lines. Critically, the distribution of these constant‐depth lines is independent of such fixations. In these cases, a two‐parameter family of the Riemann metrics is proposed to account for the retinotopy of the brain's visual pathways and simulated constant‐depth lines. The obtained geodesics for a subset of metric parameters include incomplete geodesics that give finite distances to the horizon. The Gaussian curvature of the phenomenal horizontal field is analyzed for all the metric parameters. The sign of the curvature can be inferred from the global behavior of the constant‐depth ellipses and hyperbolas only when for the metric parameters for which the constant‐depth frontal lines at the abathic distance fixations are geodesics.
In silico simulation of hepatic arteries: An open‐source algorithm for efficient synthetic data generation
Authors: Whitehead Joseph F. , Laeseke Paul F. , Periyasamy Sarvesh , Speidel Michael A. , Wagner Martin G.
Published: March 2023

Background

In silico testing of novel image reconstruction and quantitative algorithms designed for interventional imaging requires realistic high‐resolution modeling of arterial trees with contrast dynamics. Furthermore, data synthesis for training of deep learning algorithms requires that an arterial tree generation algorithm be computationally efficient and sufficiently random.

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide a method for anatomically and physiologically motivated, computationally efficient, random hepatic arterial tree generation.

Methods

The vessel generation algorithm uses a constrained constructive optimization approach with a volume minimization‐based cost function. The optimization is constrained by the Couinaud liver classification system to assure a main feeding artery to each Couinaud segment. An intersection check is included to guarantee non‐intersecting vasculature and cubic polynomial fits are used to optimize bifurcation angles and to generate smoothly curved segments. Furthermore, an approach to simulate contrast dynamics and respiratory and cardiac motion is also presented.

Results

: The proposed algorithm can generate a synthetic hepatic arterial tree with 40 000 branches in 11 s. The high‐resolution arterial trees have realistic morphological features such as branching angles (MAD with Murray's law ), radii (median Murray deviation ), and smoothly curved, non‐intersecting vessels. Furthermore, the algorithm assures a main feeding artery to each Couinaud segment and is random (variability = 0.98 ± 0.01).

Conclusions

This method facilitates the generation of large datasets of high‐resolution, unique hepatic angiograms for the training of deep learning algorithms and initial testing of novel 3D reconstruction and quantitative algorithms designed for interventional imaging.
Multiscale optimal design method of acoustic metamaterials using topology optimization
Authors: Kurioka Hiromasa , Nakayama Nari , Furuta Kozo , Noguchi Yuki , Izui Kazuhiro , Yamada Takayuki , Nishiwaki Shinji
Published: March 2023

Acoustic anisotropic metamaterials are known for its potential of applications to various acoustic devices, such as hyperlens and waveguides. Anisotropic metamaterial typically has a periodic structure constituted of unit cells, and exhibits highly anisotropic wave propagation based on local resonance induced by its periodic medium. In previous works, design methods for anisotropic metamaterials which shows unusual wave propagation properties have been proposed, though since metamaterials comprised of only a single type of unit cell were in interest, the macroscopic wave propagation properties that could be obtained were limited. Therefore, in the present work, we propose a design method for acoustic structures which are composed of several unit cells, in order to realize waveguides that navigate acoustic waves and achieve complex wave propagation overall. First, we introduce the high‐frequency homogenization method, which is capable of evaluating the macroscopic property of periodic structures based on local resonance. We construct a multiscale optimal design method by formulating the macro‐scale optimization problem for obtaining the properties required for different unit cells in order to realize the waveguide, along with the micro‐scale optimization problem for designing each unit cell based on topology optimization. Numerical examples are introduced to demonstrate the validity of our proposed method.
Psychosocial impact of COVID‐19 on caregivers and adolescents and young adult survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: King‐Dowling Sara , Hammer Shannon N. , Faust Haley , Madden Rebecca , Drake Sarah , Ahmed Annisa , Albee May , Deatrick Janet A. , Daniel Lauren , Pai Ahna , Freyer David , Psihogios Alexandra M. , Barakat Lamia P. , Schwartz Lisa A.
Published: March 2023

Background

Caregivers and adolescents and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors may be at greater psychosocial risk from the COVID‐19 pandemic than healthy peers due to complex and traumatic medical histories. This study describes COVID‐19‐related event exposures, impact, and distress among a large sample of caregivers and AYA cancer survivors and the relationship of these variables to demographic and cancer characteristics.

Procedure

From May 2020 to December 2021, 422 caregivers and 531 AYA survivors completed the COVID‐19 Exposures and Family Impact Survey (CEFIS) and CEFIS‐AYA, respectively. Total COVID‐19‐related exposures, average COVID‐19‐related impact, and COVID‐19‐related distress were calculated. Conventional content analysis was used to analyze free‐text responses about the negative and positive effects of COVID‐19.

Results

Caregivers and AYA reported an average of 7.4–7.8 COVID‐19 exposures to pandemic‐related events and a slightly negative impact of COVID‐19 across psychosocial domains, with some positive impacts reported. COVID‐19‐related distress was moderate and clinically meaningful (4.9–5.2/10) for AYA and caregivers. Racial and ethnically minoritized AYA and caregivers reported higher COVID‐19‐related distress than non‐Hispanic white caregivers. For AYA, distress was also higher among female, college‐age (18–22 years), and long‐term survivors compared with males, younger AYA, White and those recently off treatment. CEFIS outcomes remained relatively stable over time.

Conclusions

COVID‐19 had a significant and consistent negative impact on caregivers and AYA survivors. Racial and ethnically minoritized families and female, college‐age, and long‐term AYA survivors may require additional psychosocial support. Assessing for COVID‐19 impact and distress is important in pediatric oncology to evaluate adjustment and plan targeted interventions.
An adaptive activation energy method for predicting resin curing behavior and thermal overshoot in thick CFRP plates
Authors: Chen Qisen , Ye Yaoyao , Li Hao , Zhang Fan , Xu Qiang , Song Xiaowen , Ke Yinglin
Published: March 2023

This study concerns the importance of curing kinetic models for the prediction accuracy of the thermal overshoot in the curing process of thick polymeric composite plates. An adaptive activation energy (AAE) method was proposed to determine an accurate curing kinetic model with adaptive activation energy (CK‐AAE). Then the temperature field model of the autoclave curing process was established based on the CK‐AAE equations for predicting the curing thermal overshoot of thick polymer‐matrix composite plates. The prediction accuracy of the curing degree using the CK‐AAE model was improved greatly compared with the common curing kinetic models. And the predicted curing thermal overshoot of thick polymeric composite plates yielded good agreement with the measured results from the autoclave curing experiments. Moreover, it was observed that the curing thermal overshoot was more susceptible to the laminate thickness and less affected by the stacking sequence.
Organocatalytic synthesis of sugar‐derived polyesters via ring‐opening alternating copolymerization of anhydrosugar oxetane and anhydrides
Authors: Zheng Lanlan , Feng Jiabing , Xie Hongyan , Xu Zhiguang
Published: March 2023

In this work, the organocatalytic strategy for the ring‐opening copolymerization (ROCOP) of 3,5‐anhydro‐D‐xylose oxetane 1 and various anhydrides has been demonstrated by use of phosphazene base (P1) and triethyl borane (TEB). The ROCOP proceeds efficiently to generate sugar‐derived polyesters with perfectly alternating sequence distribution, controlled molar masses, and moderate dispersity. These polyesters show good thermal stability (Tmax > 320°C) and adjustable glass transition temperatures (Tg 70 ~ 110°C) with the variation of anhydrides. This work provides efficient organocatalyst for the selective copolymerization for biomass‐derived degradable polyesters.
Evaluating blast wave overpressure from non‐spherical charges using time of arrival from high‐speed video
Authors: Williams Kelly , Johnson Catherine E.
Published: March 2023

Scaled distance is used to predict blast wave overpressure surrounding the detonation of a known mass of explosive under the assumption that the charge geometry is spherical. Altering charge geometry from spherical overdrives regions of the blast wave resulting in areas of higher overpressures than predicted by scaled distance calculations. Empirical data can be used to scale the blast wave overpressure to cylindrical charges, but available overpressure data for more complex geometries is not available in published literature. In the present study the time of arrival of the blast wave was measured from high‐speed video and the Rankine‐Hugoniot relationship used to measure blast wave overpressure for varied explosive geometries. The radial overpressure of prismatic charges with cross‐sectional shapes of triangle, rectangle, and 5‐point star isotropic were compared to the radially isotropic overpressure distribution produced by a cylindrical explosive charge. The rectangle produced the highest overpressure measuring 3.5 times that of the cylinder while the triangular charge had the greatest presented surface area and was only overdriven 3.0 times. From the high‐speed video the fireball of detonation products surrounding the star appears significantly overdriven from the internal angle, but this orientation was underdriven at 2.0 meters. The blast wave overpressure downstream from the outside corners of the rectangular and triangular prismatic charges were similar to that of the cylinder at 1.5 meters but trended higher at increasing distance.
Hybrid of Conjugated Polymers with Incorporation of Metal Oxide Nanocomposites for Improving Optoelectronic Properties
Authors: Al-Asbahi Bandar Ali
Published: March 2023

Herein, the incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs), SiO2 NPs, and their nanocomposite (STNC) to enhance the optoelectronic properties of the hybrid of poly[9,9′‐di‐n‐octylfluorenyl‐2,7‐diyl] (F8), poly[2‐methoxy‐5(2‐ethylhexyl)‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene)] (MEH‐PPV), and poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(3,7‐dimethyl‐octyloxy)‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene]‐end capped with dimethylphenyl (MDMO–PPV–DMP) are revealed. The tune of the donor (F8) conjugated length can be detected from the red shift in absorption spectra when TiO2 NPs and SiO2 NPs are added, as well as an increase in emission intensity of the donor. The addition of acceptors (MEH–PPV or MDMO–PPV–DMP) to the donor results in a new absorption peak at 510 nm, which increases when TiO2 NPs and SiO2 NPs or STNC are incorporated into the ternary hybrid. The incorporation of STNC into F8 is anticipated to reduce the donor energy bandgap and improve the energy transfer from F8 to both acceptors. Moreover, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is improved in the ternary hybrid, as evidenced by enhanced emission spectra of the donor and both acceptors, increased broadness of photoluminescence excitation spectra, and shifting blue color toward white region. The ternary hybrid with STNC‐based organic light‐emitting diode shows superior current and turn‐on voltage compared to other devices, which is likely due to its superior FRET.
Electronic Structures of Iodine‐Doped Lithium Phthalocyanine Crystals
Authors: Oda Masato , Koike Noritake
Published: March 2023

The electronic structures and stable doping sites of iodine‐doped lithium phthalocyanine (LiPc) are investigated using a first‐principles calculation based on the density functional theory. It is revealed that the metallic conductivity of highly doped LiPcIx is due to the band originating from the doped iodine, comparing the band structures of several x. It is also revealed that the doped iodines are energetically stable when they are arranged to make a line along the stacking direction that becomes a conducting path. The results well explain the experimental results of the strange dependence of the conductivity of LiPcIx on the doping rate x. These results indicate that there is a new mechanism for the electronic transport of doped organic materials in that the dopant plays the main role, which is completely different from the traditionally accepted partial oxidation theory.
Distributed bipartite consensus of linear multi‐agent systems based on periodic event‐triggered mechanism
Authors: Cai Yuliang , Wang Yingchun , Li Weihua , Sun Shaoxin , Liu Chunyang , He Qiang
Published: March 2023

This article considers the bipartite event‐triggered consensus problem for linear multi‐agent systems based on periodic sampling data. The cooperative and antagonistic communications are considered at the same time. The bipartite time‐triggered consensus with maximum sampling period is first addressed. Then, the bipartite periodic event‐triggered control strategy with two event‐triggered mechanisms is designed. Compared with previous control schemes, the proposed control method can realize intermittent communication, intermittent controller update and intermittent triggering condition monitoring. Moreover, considering the constraint of limited data rate, a quantized consensus with both state and input quantization is taken into account. The Zeno behavior is completely avoided due to the fact that the sampling time can be taken as the lower bound of trigger interval. Finally, three illustrative examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
A bright side of adversity? A systematic review on posttraumatic growth among refugees
Authors: Von Arcosy Cheyenne , Padilha Mariana , Mello Gabriel Lorran , Vilete Liliane , Luz Mariana Pires , Mendlowicz Mauro , Serpa Octavio Domont , Berger William
Published: March 2023

Until the third trimester of 2022, 103 million people worldwide had been forced to leave their homes and become refugees. The traumatic experiences of refugees can lead not only to mental disorders but also to Posttraumatic Growth (PTG). (1) To find the variables positively and negatively associated with PTG in refugees. (2) To investigate the relationship between PTG and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among refugees. We systematically searched Medline, Web of Knowledge, PsycInfo, Scopus, and PTSD Pubs for studies about PTG in refugees. Epidemiological studies using the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. Grey literature, reviews, and meta‐analysis. Risk of bias was assessed by the ‘The Joanna Briggs Institute Prevalence Critical Appraisal Tool’. We included 24 studies investigating PTG and associated factors. The factors positively associated with PTG were social support, regular migration status, religiosity, satisfaction with life, time, and problem‐focussed and emotion‐focussed coping. The factors negatively associated with PTG were: irregular migration status, emotional suppression, and avoidance coping. Studies on PTG in refugees are essential to finding new ways to address mental health in this field. Few studies offered risk of bias, particularly regarding the sample selection. We conclude that PTG may be influenced by many factors and it would be of importance that the centres for support, as well as public policies, took that into account to foster the outcome and not only to focus on disease. This study was partially supported by CAPES and registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020215607).
Highly Occupied Surface States at Deuterium‐Grown Boron‐Doped Diamond Interfaces for Efficient Photoelectrochemistry
Authors: Sobaszek Michał , Brzhezinskaya Maria , Olejnik Adrian , Mortet Vincent , Alam Mahebub , Sawczak Mirosław , Ficek Mateusz , Gazda Maria , Weiss Zdeněk , Bogdanowicz Robert
Published: March 2023

Polycrystalline boron‐doped diamond is a promising material for high‐power aqueous electrochemical applications in bioanalytics, catalysis, and energy storage. The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process of diamond formation and doping is totally diversified by using high kinetic energies of deuterium substituting habitually applied hydrogen. The high concentration of deuterium in plasma induces atomic arrangements and steric hindrance during synthesis reactions, which in consequence leads to a preferential (111) texture and more effective boron incorporation into the lattice, reaching a one order of magnitude higher density of charge carriers. This provides the surface reconstruction impacting surficial populations of CC dimers, CH, CO groups, and COOH termination along with enhanced kinetics of their abstraction, as revealed by high‐resolution core‐level spectroscopies. A series of local densities of states were computed, showing a rich set of highly occupied and localized surface states for samples deposited in deuterium, negating the connotations of band bending. The introduction of enhanced incorporation of boron into (111) facet of diamond leads to the manifestation of surface electronic states below the Fermi level and above the bulk valence band edge. This unique electronic band structure affects the charge transfer kinetics, electron affinity, and diffusion field geometry critical for efficient electrolysis, electrocatalysis, and photoelectrochemistry.
Energy Storage Application of Conducting Polymers Featuring Dual Acceptors: Exploring Conjugation and Flexible Chain Length Effects
Authors: Pati Subir K. , Patra Dhananjaya , Muduli Sunita , Mishra Sabyashachi , Park Sungjune
Published: March 2023

Solution‐processable conducting polymers (CPs) are a compelling alternative to inorganic counterparts because of their potential for tuning chemical properties and creating flexible organic electronics. CPs, which typically comprise either only an electron donor (D) or its alternative combinations with an electron acceptor (A), exhibit charge transfer behavior between the units, resulting in an electrical conductivity suitable for utilization in electronic devices and for energy storage applications. However, the energy storage behavior of CPs with a sequence of electron acceptors (A–A), has rarely been investigated, despite their promising lower band gap and higher charge carrier mobility. Utilizing the aforesaid concept herein, four CPs featuring benzodithiophenedione (BDD), and diketopyrrolepyrrole (DPP) are synthesized. Among them, the BDDTH‐DPPEH polymer exhibited the highest specific capacitance of 126.5 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 in an organic electrolyte over a wide potential window of −0.6–1.4 V. Notably, the supercapacitor properties of the polymeric electrode materials improved with increasing conjugation length by adding thiophene donor units and shortening the alkyl chain lengths. Furthermore, a symmetric supercapacitor device fabricated using BDDTH‐DPPEH exhibited a high‐power density of 4000 W kg−1 and an energy density of 31.66 Wh kg−1.
Toward the High‐Performance Lithium Primary Batteries by Chemically Modified Fluorinate Carbon with δ‐MnO2
Authors: Li Luyu , Wu Ruizhe , Ma Hancheng , Cheng Bingbing , Rao Shaoqing , Lin Sheng , Xu Chunbo , Li Lei , Ding Yao , Mai Liqiang
Published: March 2023

Li/CFx battery is one of the most promising lithium primary batteries (LPBs) which yields the highest energy density but with poor rate capability. This Achilles'’ heel hinders the large‐scale applications of Li/CFx batteries. This work first reports a facile chemical modification method of CFx with δ‐MnO2. Having benefited from the chemical bonding, the electrochemical performance at high‐rate discharge is remarkably enhanced without compromising the specific capacity. The coin cells exhibit an energy density of 1.94 × 103 Wh kg−1 at 0.2 C, which is approaching the theoretical energy density of commercial fluorinated graphite (2.07 × 103 Wh kg−1). A power density of 5.49 × 104 W kg−1 at 40 C associated with an energy density of 4.39 × 102 Wh kg−1, which is among the highest value of Li/CFx batteries, are obtained. Besides, the punch batteries achieve an ultrahigh power density of 4.39 × 104 W kg−1 with an energy density of 7.60 × 102 Wh kg−1 at 30 C. The intrinsic reasons for this outstanding electrochemical performance, which are known as the fast Li+ diffusion kinetics guided by thin δ‐MnO2 flakes and the low formation energy barrier caused by chemical bonding, are explored by the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) and theoretical calculations.
3D Extruded Graphene Thermoelectric Threads for Self‐Powered Oral Health Monitoring
Authors: Li Huixu , Zhang Ding , Wang Chao , Hao Yilong , Zhang Yu , Li Ying , Bao Pingping , Wu Heting
Published: March 2023

Flexible sensors play a crucial role in intelligent electronic devices, while strain‐sensing is the fundamental feature for these sensors of different fields. Therefore, developing high‐performance flexible strain sensors is essential for building the next generation of smart electronics. Here, a self‐powered ultrasensitive strain sensor based on graphene‐based thermoelectric composite threads through a simple 3D extrusion method is reported. The optimized thermoelectric composite threads show a large stretchable strain of over 800%. After 1000 cycles of bending, the threads still maintain excellent thermoelectric stability. The thermoelectric effect‐induced electricity can realize ultrasensitive strain and temperature detection with high resolution. As wearable devices, the thermoelectric threads can also realize self‐powered physiological signals monitoring, including the opening degree of mouth, occlusal frequency, and force of the tooth during the eating process. It provides significant judgment and guidance for promoting oral healthcare and developing good eating habits.
CrossFix: Resolution of GitHub issues via similar bugs recommendation
Authors: Tan Shin Hwei , Li Ziqiang , Yan Lu
Published: March 2023

With the increasing popularity of Open‐Source Software (OSS), the number of GitHub issues reported daily in these OSS projects has been growing rapidly. To resolve these issues, developers need to spend time and effort in debugging and fixing these issues. Meanwhile, a recent approach shows that similar bugs exist across different projects, and one could use the GitHub issues from a different project for finding new bugs for a related project. To locate similar bugs for our approach, we first conduct a study of similar bugs in GitHub. Our study redefines similar bugs as bugs that share the (1) same libraries, (2) same functionalities, (3) same reproduction steps, (4) same configurations, (5) same outcomes, or (6) same errors. Moreover, our study revealed the usefulness of similar bugs in helping developers to find more contexts about the bug and fixing. Based on our study, we design CrossFix, a tool that automatically suggests relevant GitHub issues based on an open GitHub issue. The suggested GitHub issues may contain solutions written in natural language or pull requests that help developers in resolving the given issue. Our evaluation on 249 open issues from Java and Android projects shows that CrossFix could suggest similar bugs to help developers in debugging and fixing.
A practical approach for technical debt prioritization based on class‐level forecasting
Authors: Tsoukalas Dimitrios , Siavvas Miltiadis , Kehagias Dionysios , Ampatzoglou Apostolos , Chatzigeorgiou Alexander
Published: March 2023

Monitoring technical debt (TD) is considered highly important for software companies, as it provides valuable information on the effort required to repay TD and in turn maintain the system. When it comes to TD repayment, however, developers are often overwhelmed with a large volume of TD liabilities that they need to fix, rendering the procedure effort demanding. Hence, prioritizing TD liabilities is of utmost importance for effective TD repayment. Existing approaches rely on the current TD state of the system; however, prioritization would be more efficient by also considering its future evolution. To this end, the present work proposes a practical approach for prioritization of TD liabilities by incorporating information retrieved from TD forecasting techniques, emphasizing on the class‐level granularity to provide highly actionable results. Specifically, the proposed approach considers the change proneness and forecasted TD evolution of software artifacts and combines it with proper visualization techniques, to enable the early identification of classes that are more likely to become unmaintainable. To demonstrate and evaluate the approach, an empirical study is conducted on six real‐world applications. The proposed approach is expected to facilitate developers better plan refactoring activities, in order to manage TD promptly and avoid unforeseen situations long term.
Non‐Invasive and Minute‐Frequency 3D Tomographic Imaging Enabling Long‐Term Spatiotemporal Observation of Single Cell Fate
Authors: Liang Fei , Zhu Junwen , Chai Huichao , Feng Yongxiang , Zhao Peng , Liu Shaofeng , Yang Yuanmu , Lin Linhan , Cao Liangcai , Wang Wenhui
Published: March 2023

Non‐invasive and rapid imaging technique at subcellular resolution is significantly important for multiple biological applications such as cell fate study. Label‐free refractive‐index (RI)‐based 3D tomographic imaging constitutes an excellent candidate for 3D imaging of cellular structures, but its full potential in long‐term spatiotemporal cell fate observation is locked due to the lack of an efficient integrated system. Here, a long‐term 3D RI imaging system incorporating a cutting‐edge white light diffraction phase microscopy module with spatiotemporal stability, and an acoustofluidic device to roll and culture single cells in a customized live cell culture chamber is reported. Using this system, 3D RI imaging experiments are conducted for 250 cells and demonstrate efficient cell identification with high accuracy. Importantly, long‐term and frequency‐on‐demand 3D RI imaging of K562 and MCF‐7 cancer cells reveal different characteristics during normal cell growth, drug‐induced cell apoptosis, and necrosis of drug‐treated cells. Overall, it is believed that the proposed 3D tomographic imaging technique opens up a new avenue for visualizing intracellular structures and will find many applications such as disease diagnosis and nanomedicine.
Experimental research and theoretical analysis of novel polygon‐key assembly connections
Authors: Wei Wang , Xingxing Wang
Published: March 2023

To improve the shear performance of assembly connections in precast RC shear wall structures, a novel polygon‐key assembly connection (PKA connection) was proposed. Shear tests were carried out to study the shear performance of the PKA connections, specimens' parameters considered in the tests consist of polygon‐key inclination angles, polygon‐key heights, and axial compression ratios. Shear capacity, stiffness, and failure modes of the PKA connections were investigated. Furthermore, theoretical analysis of the PKA connection was performed, equations of PKA connection's shear capacity were deduced, and the theoretical analysis results were verified by the test results. The results show that the polygon‐keys can effectively improve the shear capacity of assembly connection of precast RC shear wall structure. Compared with the parallel assembly connection, peak shear capacity of the PKA connection can be enhanced by more than 15%. When polygon‐key's inclination angle is within the range of 45–90°, the peak loads of PKA connections change slightly. When polygon‐key's height is within the range of 5–7 cm, the cracking load and peak load of the PKA connection change slightly. With an increase in axial compression ratio, the shear capacity of PKA connection gradually increases, and the peak displacement changes slightly. Based on the shear‐friction theory, the calculated PKA connection's peak loads are in good agreement with the test results.
Synthesis of Selectively gem‐Difluorinated Molecules; Chiral gem‐Difluorocyclopropanes via Chemo‐Enzymatic Reaction and gem‐Difluorinated Compounds via Radical Reaction
Authors: Itoh Toshiyuki , Hayase Shuichi , Nokami Toshiki
Published: March 2023

The incorporation of fluorine atoms into an organic compound can alter the chemical reactivity or biological activity of the resulting compound due to the strong electron withdrawing nature of the fluorine atom. We have synthesized many original gem‐difluorinated compounds and described the results in four sections. The first section describes the synthesis of optically active‐gem‐difluorocyclopropanes via the chemo‐enzymatic reaction; we applied these compounds to liquid crystalline molecules, then further discovered a potent DNA cleavage activity for the gem‐difluorocyclopropane derivatives. The second section describes the synthesis of selectively gem‐difluorinated compounds via a radical reaction; we synthesized fluorinated analogues of a sex pheromone of the male African sugarcane borer, Eldana saccharina, and used the compounds as proof for investigating the origin of pheromone molecule recognition on the receptor protein. The third involves the synthesis of 2,2‐difluorinated‐esters by visible light‐driven radical addition of 2,2‐difluoroacetate with alkenes or alkynes in the presence of an organic pigment. The last section describes the synthesis of gem‐difluorinated compounds via the ring‐opening of gem‐difluorocyclopropanes. We further developed a novel method of synthesizing gem‐difluorohomoallylic alcohols via the ring‐opening of gem‐difluorocyclopropane and aerobic oxidation by photo‐irradiation in the presence of an organic pigment. Since gem‐difluorinated compounds that were prepared by the present method have two olefinic moieties with a different reactivity at the terminal position, we accomplished the synthesis of four types of gem‐difluorinated cyclic alkenols via the ring‐closing‐metathesis (RCM) reaction.
Exploring Guanidinium Organocatalysts for Hypoiodite‐Mediated Reactions
Authors: Odagi Miami , Nagasawa Kazuo
Published: March 2023

This account describes our recent work on developing guanidinium hypoiodite‐ catalysts for oxidative carbon‐nitrogen and carbon‐carbon bond‐forming reactions. These reactions proceeded smoothly using guanidinium hypoiodite generated in situ by treating 1,3,4,6,7‐hexahydro‐2H‐pyrimido[1,2‐a]pyrimidine hydroiodide salts with an oxidant. In this approach, the ionic interaction and hydrogen bonding ability of the guanidinium cations enable bond‐forming reactions that have been difficult with conventional methods. Enantioselective oxidative carbon‐carbon bond‐forming reaction was also achieved by using a chiral guanidinium organocatalyst.
Premedication with acetazolamide: Is its use for postoperative pain and stress control after laparoscopic ovariectomy in dogs ruled out?
Authors: Tavares Inês T. , Rivero Ramón , Sales‐Luís José P. , Vaudano Carlo G. , Correia Sérgio D. , Corbera Juan Alberto , Jaber Jose Raduan
Published: March 2023

Background

Studies in human medicine have concluded that acetazolamide reduces pain associated with carbon dioxide insufflation during laparoscopic surgery. However, there are no published reports regarding the use of acetazolamide for this purpose in companion animals, despite the increasing popularity of laparoscopic techniques in veterinary medicine due to their advantages over open surgeries.

Objectives

Thirty mixed‐breed female dogs were included in the study and randomly assigned to one of three groups: OVE (median celiotomy ovariectomy;n= 10), OVEL (laparoscopic ovariectomy,n= 10) and OVELA (laparoscopic ovariectomy with acetazolamide preoperative administration;n= 10). Experienced surgeons performed all procedures, and the anaesthetic and analgesic protocols were identical for all animals. Acetazolamide was administered orally (at a dose of 25 mg/kg) 2 h prior to induction in the OVELA group. Postoperative pain was evaluated using serum cortisol, salivary cortisol, and the University of Melbourne Pain Scale (UMPS) Score.

Results

Any statistical differences were observed in the UMPS scores when the OVELA group was compared to the OVEL group at 1 h after surgery (p= 0.515), 12 h (p= 0.375) and 24 h (p= 0.242). Animals undergoing open surgery (OVE group) had significantly higher pain scores at all times after surgery when compared with OVEL and OVELA groups. A high positive correlation (r= 0.792;p= 0.01) was found between serum and saliva cortisol concentrations. Mean saliva cortisol concentration was not significantly lower for the OVELA group compared to the other groups.

Conclusions

This study found evidence that preoperative administration of acetazolamide may be beneficial in managing postoperative pain in dogs after laparoscopic surgeries. However, further research with a larger sample size is needed to confirm this and to determine if acetazolamide should be included in a multimodal postoperative analgesia protocol for laparoscopic ovariectomy in dogs.
An inexpensive, reproducible method to quantify activated sludge foaming potential: Validation through lab‐scale studies and year‐long full‐scale sampling campaign
Authors: Scarim Grace , LaMartina Emily Lou , Venkiteshwaran Kaushik , Zitomer Daniel H. , Newton Ryan J. , McNamara Patrick J.
Published: March 2023

Activated sludge is a conventional treatment process for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solids (TSS) removal at water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs). Foaming events are a common operational issue in activated sludge and can lead to decreased treatment efficiency, maintenance issues, and potential environmental health risks. Stable foaming events are caused by biological and chemical drivers (i.e., microbes and surfactants) during the aeration process. However, foaming events are difficult to predict and quantify. We present an inexpensive and easy‐to‐use method that can be applied at WRRFs to quantify foaming potential. Subsequently, the method was applied over a year‐long full‐scale study while data on microbial community composition and functional parameters associated with foaming potential were collected from activated sludge samples at South Shore Water Reclamation Facility (WRF) (Oak Creek, WI). Results from the development of the foaming potential method using linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) showed that the method was reproducible (relative standard deviation <20%) and able to capture changes in foam‐inducing constituents. Using full‐scale activated sludge samples, higher relative abundance values for the following genera were associated with foaming events: Zoogloea, Flavobacterium, Variovorax, and Bdellovibrio. This is the first report that Variovorx and Bdellovibrio relative abundance was correlated with foaming events in activated sludge. Furthermore, the foaming potential positively correlated (ρ = 0.24) with soluble total nitrogen. Characterizing foaming events through frequent sampling and monitoring of specific genera and functional parameters may allow for predictions and preemptive mitigation efforts to avoid negative consequences in the future.

Practitioner Points

A reproducible method to measure foaming potential in activated sludge is available.

Genera Zoogloea, Flavobacterium, Variovorax, and Bdellovibrio correlated with foaming events.

A year‐long sampling campaign of activated sludge measuring foaming potential and microbial community composition was conducted at South Shore Water Reclamation Facility in Oak Creek, WI.

More research at other facilities with this method is needed to understand links between microbes and foaming
Adult Education, Learning Citizens, and the Lessons of Enliven
Authors: Holford John , Boyadjieva Pepka , Clancy Sharon , Hefler Günter , Studená Ivana
Published: March 2023

The body of international human rights law developed in the wake of the Second World War envisaged adults as citizens, playing an active part in society and government. The chapter explores how viewing adults as agentic citizens (yet also objects of state policy) relates to the notion of bounded agency, and summarises and discusses the implications of the Enliven project. These include the need for a rich and broad education throughout the lives of adults, the limiting effect (especially for the ‘socially excluded’) of framing the education for adults through the language of ‘markets’, the need to listen to those most excluded, the importance of work, workplaces, and labour markets to adult learning, and how organisationally stunted workplaces impoverish workers’ learning.
Participation in Adult Learning: System Characteristics and Individuals’ Experiences
Authors: Boeren Ellen , Cabus Sofie , Mackie Alan
Published: March 2023

Research on participation and inequality in adult education and training shows ‘system characteristics’ play a key role in restricting access to young adults with low levels of education. This chapter focuses on what advantages an inclusive policy on lifelong learning has for society as a whole. Structural barriers mean that an opportunity (or desire) to participate is not equally distributed, yet some low-educated adults do participate. From them we can learn how barriers can be lowered. Initiatives under the EU’s Youth Guarantee and Upskilling Pathway programmes are analysed across nine countries, representing different welfare regimes and approaches to adult education. Learners’ and staff experiences are broadly similar across programmes and countries. Participants’ motivation and confidence are key to success, pointing to the need for individual support.
NLO computation of diffractive di-hadron production in a saturation framework
Authors: Fucilla Michael , Grabovsky Andrey , Li Emilie , Szymanowski Lech , Wallon Samuel
Published: March 2023

Abstract

The cross-sections of diffractive double hadron photo- or electroproduction with large pT, on a nucleon or a nucleus, are calculated to NLO accuracy. A hybrid formalism mixing collinear factorization and high energy small-x factorization, more precisely the shockwave formalism for the latter, is used to derive the results. The cancellation of divergences is explicitly shown, and the finite parts of the NLO differential cross-sections are found. We work in arbitrary kinematics such that both photoproduction and leptoproduction are considered. The results are therefore usable, to detect saturation effects, at both the future EIC or already at LHC, using Ultra Peripheral Collisions.