bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design Optimization of Convective Heat Transfer Surface of Pressurized Oxy-Fuel Coal-Fired Boiler
Authors: Ma Kai , Yan Wei Ping , Jin Fei , Li Hai Xin
Published: December 2012

Based on the thermal calculation, the paper makes a contrastive analysis on the parameters of flue gas, and convection heat properties of the coal-fired boiler under atmospheric air combustion, atmospheric oxy-fuel combustion and pressurized (6MPa) oxy-fuel combustion conditions. It takes a 300MW pressurized(6MPa) oxy-fuel combustion boiler as research object, the result indicates that: compared to the coal-fired boiler atmospheric air combustion, the flue gas volume flow in the pressurized oxy-fuel combustion has a decrease of 98.79%; convective heat output has a decrease of 24.69% with the same difference in temperature. In the pressurized oxy-fuel combustion, both the flue gas convective heat transfer coefficient and the pressure drop are greater than the atmospheric oxy-fuel combustion, flue cross-sectional area is smaller than conventional boiler, and heating surface area is less than atmospheric oxy-fuel combustion. With a method named dynamic minimization of costs the best flue gas velocity in this paper is 1.07m/s
Coupled Heat Transfer Analysis of Piston Crown, Piston Rings and Cylinder Liner
Authors: Wu Ji , Duan Shu Lin , Wu Zhan Hua , Wei Li Dui , Xing Hui
Published: December 2012

MAN Diesel’s 6S50MC-C disel is a two-stroke marine diesel engine. As the boundary conditions of temperature field distribution, the mean temperature and mean heat transfer coefficient are calculated firstly. The coupled heat transfer of piston crown, piston rings and cylinder liner are analyzed. The steady temperature field and the transient heat transfer under starting condition of diesel engine are obtained in ANSYS. Maximum temperature is 413.55°C in the top surface edge of the piston crown. 59.5% of the total heat from high-temperature fuel gas heat is absorbed by the cooling oil. The temperature of piston crown is effectively reduced by shaker cooling. The load of diesel engine should be increased slowly to prevent stress concentration. To reduce the destructive effect, enhancing cooling and warming up the main engine are requested.
Numerical Simulation of Temperature Field in the Cyclone
Authors: Zhang Zhen Wei , Yu Ying , Leng Jie , Zhang Su Juan
Published: December 2012

The temperature distribution of the cyclone was analyzed in the presented work, which was imitated by using RSM turbulence model of software FLUENT. Temperature difference in different regions is less than one centigrade degree with the maximum temperature in the cone part and the minimum temperature in inlet tube and cylinder part of the cyclone, what’s more, the temperature is relatively higher near the wall. The air compression can lead the higher temperature in the lower part, so the cone part has the maximum temperature. The higher temperature near the wall is caused by the friction between the wall and flow.
Piston Secondary Motion Analysis Considering Head Impact
Authors: Yang Zhen Yu , Zhang Wei Zheng , Zhang Ya Mei
Published: December 2012

An asperity model between piston head and cylinder liner had been contained in the simulation of piston secondary motion. A prediction of wear of piston head has been made from the simulation which shows that the contact force of piston head is abnormal. The later engine installed experiment shows that the piston head is worn, which has confirmed this prediction.
Development of Micro Rectangular Channel Gas Cooler
Authors: He Bing Qiang , Liao Chun Ling
Published: December 2012

This paper configures rectangular micro channel porous pipe gas cooler model by numerical method, and adopts finite-element analysis and bursting test method to make intensity checking of main components of gas cooler, and make real rectangular micro channel porous pipe gas cooler at the same time by configuration technique of infiltration seal weld and “pierced flanging”. Through heat transfer test of gas cooler, it obtains the surface temperature field of rectangular micro channel porous pipe gas cooler, and makes analysis of the temperature distribution in nearby area of entrance and exit and influence of forced cooling to gas cooler heat transfer.
Experimental Study on the Temperature Evenness of Heat Pipe Using Magnetic Nano-Fluids as the Working Medium in Permafrost Regions
Authors: Zhang Yun Feng , Han Kai , Xu Ben Liang , Chang Zheng Rong
Published: December 2012

The simulation experiment system of permafrost regions with low temperature environment and the temperature evenness test system of heat pipe were established and researched experimentally. The temperature evenness of heat pipe using magnetic nano-fluids as the working medium and the traditional heat pipe were comparative analysised at the simulation environment of permafrost regions with low temperature. The experiment results show that the heat pipe using magnetic nano-fluids as the working medium has better thermal conductivity, less heat transfer temperature difference, and the more heat transfer ability, more widely applicable temperature range, more applicable to the life and the higher working efficiency. The results provide a new idea to develop higher efficiency heat pipe having the better temperature evenness.
Study on Thermodynamic Evaluation Index of Combined Cooling Heating and Power (CCHP) System
Authors: Chen Xiu Wen , Zheng Pu Yan , Yuan Yan Zhou , Chai Guo Xu
Published: December 2012

Combined cooling, heating and power ( CCHP ) system provides three different energy level products. This paper presents four thermodynamic evaluation indexes, such as primary energy rate, exergy efficiency, energy saving rate and energy cascade utilization efficiency. These thermodynamic evaluation indexes are adopted to evaluate four redesign system schemes based on an actual hospital in this paper. Analysis results show that exergy efficiency and energy cascade utilization efficiency, which take exergy value into account, are more reasonable than the others.the others.
Drawing Engine Universal Performance Characteristics Map Method Based on MATLAB
Authors: Zhang Zhi Peng , Zhang Jian Zhen
Published: December 2012

The changing tendency of engine performances in its operational range can be directly showed in the engine universal performance characteristics map. Taking advantage of MATLAB mathematic operation, data from engine characteristic tests are processed and the method is simple and credible. The universal performance characteristics map is intuitionist and perspicuous, and is in good fit with data got in tests. It provides a reliable and efficient tool to research into engine performances and automotive drive and fuel economy benefits.
Numerical Simulation on the Effects of Angle of Nozzle on Combustion and Emission for Diesel Engine
Authors: Chen Huan , Wei Sheng Li , Tang Dong
Published: December 2012

A double ω-combustion chamber matched with a double-row nozzle combustion system was proposed to improve the spray space distribution and the mixture formation quality for diesel engines. The cylinder spray, mixture formation and combustion process of a double ω-combustion chamber were simulated by using AVL FIRE software. With different nozzle angles, the effect of which on air velocity, concentration and temperature fields as well as combustion and emission characteristics in the combustion chamber was analyzed. The results show that the spray angle of the nozzle has a great influence on combustion and emission performance. Using the double-row nozzle injector can effectively improve the quality of the mixture, moreover, compared with single-row nozzle injector, the max soot emission was reduced by 57.8% and the ultimate formation was also lower.
Study on Reliability Test Method of Heavy Duty Vehicle Based on Proving Ground
Authors: Men Yu Zhuo , Yu Hai Bo , Pan Xin
Published: December 2012

A new method for correlation test was presented to study the reliability of a heavy duty vehicle, and the method can combine the real customer usage with the enhancement test on proving ground, and avoid the test blindness. Aiming at the data that were tested on the typical pavements of the customer and enhancement roads of proving ground, the rain-flow counting method was used to obtain the load distribution matrixes , according to the correlation equation, the cumulative fatigue damage and loading spectrums of the 90% customer and proving ground were optimized and calculated. Through the correlation analysis, the pavements enhancement coefficient and the reliability test specifications were obtained. The test results indicate that the new specifications can predict the potential failures of the load carrying structures quickly, shorten the test cycles.
Oil Film Properties of Three Oil Wedge Sliding Bearing and its Effect to the Rotor Stability
Authors: Zhang Ai Ping , Lin Sheng Qiang
Published: December 2012

Calculating navier-stokes equation to study oil film pressure characteristics of three oil wedge bearing by using CFD software. Studied how to the three oil wedge sliding bearing effect on rotor stability, and analyzing oil film pressure characteristics of three oil wedge sliding bearing and cylindrical bearing. The results showed that three oil wedge bearing is much more stable than the cylindrical bearing, it is more advantageous to the running rotor and unit at stable working than the cylindrical bearing in the same oil film thickness and inlet pressure.
Process Simulation of Oil Shale Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler Based on Aspen Plus
Authors: Wang Qing , Long Hai Bo , Liu Hong Peng , Wang Zhi Feng
Published: December 2012

A model for the combustion of oil shale in the 65t/h circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler was developed, consisting of oil shale combustion, steam-water and ash circulation system, calculating the O2 and RO2 content of flue gas emission under three kinds of oil shale combustion in 65t/h CFB boiler. The calculated results indicate that the simulation values are consistent with the experimental values. Effect of boiler load on the temperature of furnace, flue gas emission, inlet and outlet flue gas of economizer was discussed based on the model. Boiler load on the increase results in a increase in temperature of furnace, flue gas emission, inlet and outlet flue gas of economizer. The main performance parameters of 65t/h oil shale CFB boiler system were discussed and preliminarily predicted by the model.
LMS-Based Notch Filter for AMB Unbalance Compensation Control
Authors: Li Huai Liang , Wang Yu Sheng , Zhang Yang
Published: December 2012

The stability and other properties of the active magnetic bearing system influenced by periodic vibration impact with the same frequency of the rotor speed are analyzed. Firstly, on the basis of the periodic displacement signal, the filtering theory of least mean square (LMS) algorithm and the deficiency of LMS algorithm in the application of AMB system, such as frequency mismatch, the relation of step-size and the frequency of displacement signal, and the mutual influence among the step-size length and frequency of the rotor and the PID controller coefficient, etc are studied. And then, a new strategy of variable step-size and real-time switching control with LMS and PID combination to filter the sinusoidal displacement signal to achieve adaptive force balance compensation is proposed. Finally, the feasibility of the new method for the adaptive compensation of the vibration of AMB system is tested by the experimental results.
A General Model for Thermal Conductivity and Electric Conductivity of Nanofluids
Authors: Jiang Wei Ting
Published: December 2012

Nanoparticles in nanofluids are in the form of nanoparticle clusters caused by aggregation. In order to calculate the thermal and electric conductivity of the nanofluids, the growth process and three-dimensional space structure of the nanoparticle cluster in the host fluid is simulated, and then the thermal and electric conductivity of the cluster are calculated with the resistance network method. The thermal and electric conductivity of the nanofluid are calculated based on the simulated thermal and electric conductivity of nanoparticle clusters, the volume fraction of nanoparticle clusters to the nanofluid as well as the liquid molecule adsorption layer of the nanoparticle. The simulation method is validated by experimental data.
Experimental Study on Film Cooling Flow Characteristics of Turbine Stator Blade at Different Setting Angles
Authors: Zhang Ling , Dong Hai Rui , Wen Guo Liang
Published: December 2012

The technology of film cooling is one of the most effective means of protecting the turbine blades. In this paper, flow structures of the turbine stator blade with six hole-rows at different blowing ratio（M=0.5, 1.0 and 1.5）and setting angles（β=40°, 50°, 60°, 70°, 80° and 90°） was measured by PIV in piston flow type of low-speed wind tunnel laboratory. Velocity was analyzed. Results show that: velocity gradient of suction side was much higher than pressure side and increased with setting angle reduction; Adherence of film is influenced by setting angle and blowing ratio, when M=1.0 and β=70° anchorage dependent is best and suction side is greater than pressure side.
Design on Monitored Control System of Vessel Dynamic Cyclone Oily Water Separator
Authors: Ren Wei , Ma Qiang , Lv Jing
Published: December 2012

The design idea of monitored control subsystem of vessel dynamic cyclone oily water separator is based on LabVIEW software platform, adopted DataSocket technology, by using DAQcard-A-16E-4E data acquisition card to realize real-time monitoring. This paper introduced the components of the monitored control system, analyzed its working conditions. According to the experimental operating records on some real ships, the application results and characteristics are summarized.
Mechanical Quadrature Methods and their Extrapolations for Axisymmetric Flow past the Torus of Anchor Ring
Authors: Luo Xin , Huang Jin
Published: December 2012

By the potential theory, axisymmetric flow problem is converted into boundary integral equations (BIEs). The mechanical quadrature methods (MQMs) are presented to deal with the singularities in the integral kernels, which are simple without any singularity integral computation. In addition, the convergence rate of the MQMs can be improved by using the extrapolation methods (EMs). The efficiency of the algorithms is illustrated by examples.
Study on Match and Running Features of Heat Multi-Level Shunt Ground Source Heat Pump System in the Hot Summer and Warm Winter Areas
Authors: Hu Ying Ning , Yu Bao Qing , Hu Shan Shan , Zang Jia Wei
Published: December 2012

Annual cold heat adjustment is one of the key problems in the practical application of ground-source heat pump system. According to the energy-consuming characteristics of the building in hot summer and warm winter area zone and engineering practice, the author puts forward the multi-level heat shunt ground source heat pump systems(GSHPS). Reasonable system can be matched according to the characteristics of the cold water chiller and the water source heat pump, which takes full advantages of soil cold/heat source, improves the efficiency of the soil heat exchanger, and balances underground temperature field effectively.
Experiment Study of Small Composite Desiccant Wheel Based on Ceramic
Authors: Jia Chun Xia
Published: December 2012

Small composite desiccant wheels based on ceramic are designed and developed. The experiments test the influence of the rotating speed and wheel thickness on the dehumidification performance. Furthermore the dehumidification performance of the composite desiccant wheel is compared with the silica gel wheel. The experimental results show increasing the rotating speed of the desiccant wheel can improve the moisture removal capacity. Compared with the silica gel wheel, the moisture removal amounts of the thin composite desiccant wheel are about similar with that of the thick silica gel wheel. It is further indentified that the new composite desiccant wheel can reduce the size of the dehumidifier and has more potential for residential building field.
Performance Study of DC Compressor for Automotive Air Conditioning System
Authors: Henry Nasution , Yamani M.H.Z. , Sumeru K.
Published: December 2012

The automotive air conditioning compressor (AAC) is belt-driven by the engine. The compressor speed is directly proportional to the engine speed. Therefore, the cooling capacity will vary as the engine speed changes. To meet the air conditioning (AC) demand, the compressor continually cycles on and off. In the research, the compressor of the AAC is driven by an electric motor which in turn is operated by electrical battery (12 volt). The use of direct current compressor (DCC) is seen as a solution of the existing system. Using the proposed system, DCC gets significant improvements in energy efficiency. Compared with AAC system, the energy conservation effect is about 77.5% to 86.35%.
Analysis on Load-Undertaking of Fan Coil Unit with Fresh Air System
Authors: Chen Jian , Xie Wen Wen
Published: December 2012

The paper analyses some common handling processes on the dedicated outdoor air system with conventional fan-coil units in summer, and studies undertaking cooling loads and humidity loads separately.
Relationship between Heating Value and Proximate Analysis of Oil Shale
Authors: Wang Qing , Pei Na
Published: December 2012

In this research, experimental samples were from Maoming, Huadian, Wangqing, Fushun and Longkou regions in different layers and different mining area. The experimental results of oil shale proximate analysis and heating value measurement show that there are certain relations between proximate analysis of moisture, ash, fixed carbon, volatile matter and lower heating value. The relations between oil shale lower heating value and proximate analysis have important significance to estimate the average characteristics of oil shale as received and oil shale combustion conditions in boiler.
Intelligent Heat Meter of Monitoring and Controlling System for Heating Supply Based on GPRS Network
Authors: Piao Xing Zhe , Xue Yu Shan , Gao Cheng , Li Ying Shun
Published: December 2012

In order to realize long-range real-time online monitor and control of the measured data on the spot, and bring about control consumption of heat-energy according to need, a heat meter is developed for heating supply based on GPRS network technology. Low-power single-chip microcomputer MSP430FW427 is adopted as the measuring instruments in which SIEMENS MC55 module was used as a GPRS communication and LC oscillator coupling technology as flow sensor. In addition, the measurement principle of the heat quantity, the design methods of the software and hardware for heat meter are explained in detail, and the mathematical models of temperature and liquid sensor are established in the paper. Application of GPRS communication technology provides a transparent data transmission channel, thus realizing real-time data exchange between fared knots and monitoring center. On-the-spot operations prove that when the system is in real operation, data transmission rate is about 61.8kbps, thus having more advantages of security，accuracy and data transmission rate, effectively solving the problem of a large number of investment on traditional remote monitoring and control system.
Air-Flow Distribution Simulation and Experimental Analysis of a New Testing Room for Refrigerated Display Cabinet
Authors: Huang Chao , Wang Fang , Wu Zhi Min , Guo Chao
Published: December 2012

Based on European Standard EN441-2, an experiment system for measuring the thermal properties of refrigerated display cabinet is designed and constructed. Considering the practice requirements from user, the air distribution analysis is doing under various air-flow form in the testing room. This paper uses the FLUENT, which is one of the CFD simulation software, to verify the design method of air movement. Finally a series of tests required for laboratory quality regulation have been done and the data of velocity or temperature is under the new requirement.
Numerical Simulation on the Characteristic of a Solar Chimney
Authors: Wang Xun , Lei Yong Gang , Wang Fei , Hou Jun Qin
Published: December 2012

The air flow and heat transfer performance of a solar chimney with the inclination angle of 30deg was investigated by using numerical method. It was found that there is a correlation between solar radiation and ventilation rate and there is a temperature field under the effect of thermal pressure. The research result shows that in the certain scope of research, the ventilation rate is influenced by solar radiation. With the solar radiation increasing, the temperature of chimney decrease along direction from the heat absorption wall to the glass cover-plate surface, and the air flow speed distribute nonuniform along the channel width direction.
The Resonance Compensation Circuit Research to Wireless Power Transfer System
Authors: Qu Yan Hua , Wang An Na , Lin Sheng , Li Yang Chun
Published: December 2012

This paper introduces the wireless power transfer system( WPT system ) of application prospect, introduces the WPT system of basic components, put forward the LC bridge type resonant compensation circuit topology structure, put forward the new modes to completely symmetrical resonant compensation network apply to the primary and secondary sides ; the simulation results show the effectiveness of the compensation circuits.
A Design Method of the Complementary Controller for Multi- Infeed HVDC Transmission Systems Using Singular Perturbation Theory
Authors: He Chao Rong , Liu Ya Lei
Published: December 2012

The complementary controllers for HVDC transmission systems can be used to improve the power systems stability. A design method of the complementary controller for multi-infeed HVDC transmission systems using singular Perturbation theory is presented in this paper. The simulation result show that the transient stability of AC/DC system can be effectively improved by use of the presented contort strategy
Simulation of Supercharged Boiler Combustion Optimization Control Based on Radiant Energy Signal
Authors: Zhou G.Y. , Su Gao , Du Fei , Li Zhong Gen
Published: December 2012

According to the phenomenon that large lagging and the fluctuation of the fuel regulation of the supercharged boiler, the dynamic behavior of the steam pressure is simulated to study the internal pure delaying in this paper. The flame detector system was used to collect the real-time picture of the flame in the boiler furnace, and the radiant energy signal was introduced into the combustion control system. A combustion auxiliary duct pilot was added and some stimulation is studied. The results shows that with the change of the radiant energy signal, the new control system can change the supply of the fuel in 20 seconds and wipe off all the disturbance in 30 seconds and the amplitude of fluctuation is dramatically reduced.
A Development Framework of Smart Grid Control System Based on MAS
Authors: Liu Ye , Wang Shou Xiang
Published: December 2012

In this paper, MAS is used to model the framework of smart grid. Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) is one of the popular method in Distributed Artificial Intelligence (DAI) in the past years, which is a good tools to simulate and model the complex systems. Several MAS develop platforms are exist. Considering that JADE (Java Agent Development Framework) is one of the helpful and convenient developing environments of MAS, JADE is adapted to develop smart grid control framework. In this paper, a suitable frame construction of the Multi-Agent Systems for the current power system is designed, which is applied to the smart grid with excellent adaptability and flexibility.
A Review on Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage
Authors: Zhou Xue Song , Lu Bin , Ma You Jie
Published: December 2012

This paper compares of the energy storage system in power system, analysis of superconducting magnetic energy storage advantage. Reviewing the superconducting magnetic energy storage ( SMES ) equipment adopted the power electric technology general structure and principle, discussing the key of voltage source and current source converter details.
Hybrid Electrical Storage and Power System for Household Tri-Generation Application
Authors: Chen X. P. , Wang Y. D. , Li J. T. , Roskilly A. P.
Published: December 2012

As a crucial constituent in tri-generation application, electric energy storage and power system plays an important role regarding efficient utilization of electrical energy in tri-generation. This paper presents the results showing that the optimization of electrical energy storage is able to promote the performance of tri-generation. Initial investigation, including laboratory tests and computational simulation using Dymola software, have been carried out. A case study exemplifies how diverse hybrid systems accommodate domestic power demands. The outcomes validate that the hybrid electric system consisting of generator, batteries and super capacitor can satisfy the electricity requirements for the household. it is also found that the hybrid system can supply the peak electricity demands where the integration of super capacitor can alleviate the overcharge of batteries in this application.
The Exhaust Steam Enthalpy of Steam Turbine Cognitive Modeling Based on Simplify Evidential Regression Multi-Model
Authors: Liu Sha , Wang Pei Hong , Su Zhi Gang
Published: December 2012

The calculation of exhaust steam enthalpy for steam turbine units is an important parameter in the on-line monitoring and system analysis for thermal power plants. The cognitive modeling method for exhaust steam enthalpy based on evidence theory was studied in this paper. Take 330MW steam turbine for example, exhaust steam enthalpy samples are obtained from steam turbine variable condition analysis model, then exhaust steam enthalpy cognitive model based on simplify evidential regression multi-model is established. The error analysis shows that the accuracy of this model has higher prediction accuracy than the SVM and NW soft measurement model.
The Application of Intelligent AC-DC Integrated Power Supply System in 500kV Switching Station
Authors: Zhang Li Hua , Wang Hui Lin , Ding Tong Kui , Yan Xian Wei , Gan Hong Qing , Song Dan
Published: December 2012

The paper proposed an application of intelligent AC-DC integrated power supply system in 500kV switching station. Firstly, this paper introduced current situation of AC-DC power supply system which is for home use and provided main components of this intelligent power supply system and its functions. And then, all cautions in operation and maintenance process is explained. Lastly, this paper summarized problems exposed in the system after running half year in 500kV switching station and put forward some aspects needed to be improved.
Simulation and Analysis of Synchronous Diesel Generation System Based on PSCAD
Authors: Wen Shu Li , Lan Hai , Meng Jie , Zhang Li Jun , Zhao Xin
Published: December 2012

In view of the challenging issues in microgrid diesel modeling and connecting to the power grid, this paper presents the design and simulation of a diesel generation system which contains an internal combustion engine and a synchronous generator. Furthermore, droop control with PI regulator applies to the diesel generator model and the performance of the generation system has been tested under various operation conditions using the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation platform, the simulation demonstrates that synchronous diesel generation system can operate smoothly either in islanded mode or in the grid-connected mode. The transient response is analyzed and all the variables voltage/current/frequency are under IEEE 1547 standard.
The Simulation of SPWM in Voltage Source STATCOM
Authors: Zeng Lin Suo , Liu Hong Yu
Published: December 2012

The inverter part is an important link of the voltage source STATCOM, and a key problem of inverter is how to generate PWM switch signals according to given parameter. The part of SPWM inverter in STATCOM was simulated in Matlab. The result shows that the inverter bridge was controlled by the three-phase pulse width modulation wave produced by the SPWM and the three-phase sine wave at the side of the inverter bridge is outputted. This method is suitable for studying of the STATCOM system.
Methods of Getting Zero Sequence Current in a Single-Phase-to-Ground Fault
Authors: Li Yu Xia
Published: December 2012

After a single-phase-to ground fault, fault voltage and current information should be sampled accurately for automatic equipments to detect the fault line. And zero sequence current is the very key element to detect the fault line after an earth fault happens. The widely used methods of getting zero sequence current are in details described. The common methods are by zoro sequence current transformers, by wye connections of three CTs, and by zero-sequence current transducer. A new method by magnetic field induction and the structure of magnetic induction device are introduced, as well as a new way by electronic current transformer and its application in digital substation.
Study on Protection for Islanded Micro-Grid
Authors: Zhu Xue Ling , Han Fei , Liu Jia
Published: December 2012

Technology of Micro-grid emerges, and power distribution system faults, allowing for the distributed generation keeping alive the islanded operation with the important load . But if the interior of Micro-grid happens a fault again, the short-circuit current of Micro-grid is so insufficient that traditional current protection can not play a part in the protection. In order to solve this problem, it introduced a new relay protection strategy, and provided the basis for the relay protection design of Micro-grid in the future.
Combustion Experimental Study on Spouted Bed for Daqing Oil Shale Semi-Coke
Authors: Wang Qing , Kong Xiang Zhao , Liu Hong Peng , Xiao Guan Hua
Published: December 2012

Daqing oil shale semi-coke combustion experiment has been performed through the Spouted bed experimental device for obtaining the temperature distribution, temperature and carbon content of separation materials. This paper presented the experimental study that the effect of three factors, containing screening particle size, wind speed and feeding flux, on the temperature variation of spouted bed and separation materials, and the carbon content in separation materials under different operating conditions. The experimental results show that the screening particle size and wind speed had great influence on the temperature of separation materials, while the carbon content is inversely proportional to the temperature of separation materials. This research further understands the combustion characteristic of Daqing oil shale semi-coke in spouted bed, establishing the foundation for the solid heat carrier retort in rotating retorting.
Study on Protective Data Flow of Intelligent Substation Based on IEC 61850
Authors: Ji Yuan , Gao Liang
Published: December 2012

This paper analyzes protective data flow in normal state and after failure with IEC 61850 D2-2 type substation. Focusing on the flow which conform to IEC 61850 Ethernet protocol by using Optimized Network Engineer Tools (OPNET) simulator, the protective data in D2-2 type substation is simulated based on IEEE 802.1Q priority-tag and VLAN technology. A sample Substation Automatic System (SAS) network is constructed, and the main factors affecting the delay of protective data is discussed in detail.
Study on Implementation Strategy of Network Reconfiguration in Distribution System
Authors: Dong Bin Zheng , Liu Bao Zhu , Guo Guo Liang , Bai Yun Xiao
Published: December 2012

Distribution system reconfiguration is the main measure to optimize the distribution system, which can dramatically lower the power loss of the network. This paper deals with the switch operation sequence considering closed-loop current constraints and puts forward the concept of “switch compounding”. A new implementation strategy is proposed to realize a feasible operation sequence. The strategy is tested on IEEE33 system, which verifies the effectiveness of the strategy.
Power Line Measurement Method Based on Vertical Baseline Stereo Camera
Authors: Zhang Fan , Huang Xian Feng , Qu Xiao Zhi , Wang Jian , Pan Jian Ping , Cheng Deng Feng
Published: December 2012

Conducting regular inspections and measurements of power lines is an important way to ensure the stability and security of transmission line. For the problem of being poor reliability, poor flexibility and high cost, a power line measurement method based on vertical baseline photography is proposed and studied: Line patrol officers use portable vertical baseline stereo camera shooting in the outdoor field, and measure accurately in the stereo image taken in or after patrol. This paper describes the system design and technical methods, and analyzes the key technologies in the system calibration and measurement, and uses several sets of experiments to prove the accuracy and feasibility of this method.
A Novel Deliverability Equation for Shallow Layer and Low Permeability Reservoirs with Horizontal Fracture
Authors: Yang Yue , Li Xiang Fang , Wu Ke Liu , Yang Jian , Shi Jun Tai , Fan Jie
Published: December 2012

In order to predict the productivity of vertical well for shallow layer and low permeability reservoirs with horizontal fracture, based on the theory of horizontal fracture distribution and oil seepage in reservoir, establish the reservoir seepage physical model for shallow layer and low permeability reservoirs with horizontal fracture, and derive a novel deliverability equation, considering the effect of reservoir properties, fluid properties, horizontal fracture parameters and working systems. Furthermore, the equation was applied and performed sensitivity analysis to the productivity of a vertical well in Yanchang Chang 6 layer reservoir. Results show that vertical permeability, oil viscosity and the semiminor axis of horizontal fracture have more significant impact on well productivity. With real cases, it is demonstrated the established deliverability equation is simple and practical and meets the engineering accuracy requirements.
Application of Grey Theory for Oil and Gas Reservoir Evaluation Program Optimization
Authors: Zhang Zai Xu , Kang Xiao Feng , Zhang Fei Fei
Published: December 2012

Oil and gas reservoir evaluation is to evaluate the reserves in large scale or with special significance, and select the block for development. Oil and gas reservoir evaluation program includes a series of technical and economic indicators. Therefore the program optimization of oil and gas reservoir evaluation project is a system with multi-attribute. In order to optimize program comprehensively and systematically, it must establish a multi-level system of technical and economic indicators. Combining with the degree of gray incidence, the paper establishes a multi-level gray comprehensive evaluation model for oil and gas reservoir evaluation project, and applies the model to the practical example. The results show that the model is effective especially for the circumstance of the small sample or the limited amount of data. In addition, the model offers decision makers a new method to select favorable program.
Numerical Simulation on Effective Influence Radius of Hydraulic Flushing Borehole
Authors: Wen Zhi Hui , Wei Jian Ping , Liu Ying Zhen , Zhang Hong Tu
Published: December 2012

In this paper, according to the mechanics balance equation, the law of conservation of mass and the relationship between parameters including coal seam permeability, porosity and volume strain, we build a gas-solid coupling model of hydraulic flushing borehole in the coal roadway floor, and use the model to investigate the relationship between ejected coal amount and effective influence radius. The numerical simulation results indicate that the effective radius of hydraulic flushing borehole increase as the drainage time and the ejected coal amount, and the effective influence radius is 5.8m when the ejected coal mass is 1t/m, which indicate the pressure release and permeability enlarging effect is remarkable.
Application of Temporary Plugging-Acidulation Technology in Low Permeability and Inhomogeneous Reservoirs
Authors: Xiao Zeng Li , Kong Peng , Wu Jing Quan
Published: December 2012

For low permeability and inhomogeneous reservoirs, defective effects such as water content increasing are usually resulted from traditional acidization. The principle of temporary plugging - acidization in Low permeability and inhomogeneous reservoirs, well selection and treatment requirements are introduced in this article. The temporary plugging agent selected from laboratory was used for field experiment. Result shows that: for wells of multiplayer and thin interlayer, temporary plugging – acidization technique can acidify the formation by the subsequence from high to low permeability, thus significantly increase the effectiveness of acidization, decrease the requirement of treatment operation and save the cost of production; the price of selected temporary plugging agent is comparative low, and the field process can be easily realized without affecting the progress of traditional acidization which has a good practicability and value to extend and apply.
Application on Expert System to Predict the Effect of Fracturing Measures
Authors: Ju Xin Yao , Wang Feng Jiao , Liu Yi Kun , Cai Ling Zhe
Published: December 2012

Hydraulic fracturing is one of the main stimulations, however, it is effected by various factors. This paper considers the influence of net thickness, permeability, flow pressure, water cut, injector—producer distance, cumulative injection-production ratio, sand input intensity, pad fluid volume, sand ratio. Applying the expert system to establish the predictive knowledge base, dividing various effect factors into four grades, and giving the different membership functions according to different grade. The 76% prediction results of established expert system are the same as actual results, and 20.5% are close to the actual results. The results show that the established expert system has the guidance action on the layer selection of fracturing and the fracturing design.
The Sintering and Leaching of Low-Grade Diasporic Bauxite by the Improved Lime-Sintering Process
Authors: Yu Hai Yan , Pan Xiao Lin , Dong Kai Wei , Zhang Wu , Bi Shi Wen
Published: December 2012

An improved lime-sintering process was developed to produce alumina from low-grade diasporic bauxite in this paper. Both clinkers sintered by the real bauxite and simulated bauxite at 1350 °C when the molar ratio of CaO to Al2O3decreased to 1.4 were produced, the alumina leaching rates of which reached over 90% in sodium carbonate liquor. The main phases in the clinkers after sintering are 12CaO•7Al2O3, γ-2CaO•SiO2and 2CaO•Fe2O3. Addition of alkali can decrease the C/A ratio and get a high alumina leaching rate of clinker.
Computational Investigation of the Multiphase Flow Behavior in Ironmaking Blast Furnace
Authors: Shi Yan Bin , Zhang Li Li , Fu Zhen Ling
Published: December 2012

For studying the microscopic mechanism of pulverized coal injection (PCI) process to optimize BF operation further, the multiphase-coupled interactions and combustion phenomena is described by mathematical equations. Some assumptions are employed properly in simulation for solving the equations well. Some physical properties of per-phase obtained through simulating the typical flow behaviors in iron-making process were contrastive analyzed with the field data. The investigation shows that the complex phenomena in a BF can be presented by the computational approach which is proved virtual and robust. The computational results have shown that the gas-solid-powder flow varies spatially, particularly in the raceway; the powder flow is strongly affected by the air and coke particles under the cohesive zone, and by the ore particles upon the cohesive zone; the ability of BF could be enhanced with higher rate of coal injection to a certain extent.
Comparative Analysis of Ecological Footprint on Ecological Campus of a Urban University in China
Authors: Zhang Jun , Liu Jing , Liu Wei , Wang Li , Shi Hui , Du Hong Xia
Published: December 2012

The componential method of ecological footprint is applied to estimate the ecological footprint of the Xi’an University of architecture and Technology (XAUAT) in 2011. An EF value for the urban public university was calculated as 21,398 global hectares with footprint of 0.71 global hectares and ecological capacity of 1.14 per capita. The components considered in this study include energy for the built environment (58%), food (34%), transportation (2.9%), water usage (2.5%) and waste discards (1.5%). Compared to the large urban universities in North America, university campuses in China show similar high density of land use while appear lower consumption levels and utilization rate of resources.
Adsorption of Porous Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquid Polymers: Effect of Swelling Conditions on CO2 Adsorptive Properties
Authors: Zhu Jia Mei , He Kai Ge , Xin Feng , Sun Ya Chai
Published: December 2012

The seed-swelling method was adopted to synthesized the porous copolymer of 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and acrylonitrile P([amim]BF4-AN). The samples were characterized by IR, DSC and CO2sorption was investigated by determining equilibrium data. The effects of the amount of initiator and swelling time on the porous structure and CO2sorption were discussed in detail. The results indicated that porous P([amim]BF4-AN) with benzoyl peroxide (BPO)0.1g and swelling 20h has the higher CO2sorption capacity.
Research on Airline Company Fuel-Saving Model Based on Petri Network
Authors: Zhang Xu , Zhao Ming , Kuang Shi Min , Du Qing
Published: December 2012

It has become the primary task of the airlines to pay attention to fuel-efficient, deepening the fuel-efficient process, work to strengthen oil saving management, and construct fuel-efficient system to reduce cost pressure and improve the market competitiveness. This paper, aiming at solving the problems existing in airlines fuel saving and cost control management, analyzes airlines internal main business process. By using Petri nets theory and the top-down method in modeling aviation company fuel-efficient engineering system, this paper, based on Petri nets, builds airlines fuel-efficient models and airline management process with its aim at fuel saving, which provides a visual and effective modeling methods and countermeasures for airlines fuel reduction work.
Analysis of Impact Factors of China's Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Authors: Ma Xiao Yu , Li Qiang Yi , Tuergong Adili
Published: December 2012

This paper estimates the quantity of CO2 emissions in 30 provinces of China covering the year from 1999 to 2010, combining static and dynamic panel data model.Meanwhile, we use instruments to control the endogeny of the two models, analyzing the impact factors of China's CO2 emissions comprehensively and objectively. The result shows that a inverted U-shaped relationship is found between per capita GDP and CO2 emissions per capita .And it means that the Environmental Kuznets Hypothesis is verified in China.And energy consumption structure, industrial structure and urbanization have a positive impact on China's CO2 emissions. The CO2 emissions of last period have a crucial impact on the emissions of current period.
Supporting and Evaluation System of Low Carbon Transport in China
Authors: Huang Yin
Published: December 2012

Climate change is an important global problem, which is concerned by the international community. As the major sector of energy consumption and the main source of greenhouse gases, it is imperative for Chinese transport industry to take on a low-carbon development path in order to alleviate the energy and environment pressure. The basic content and characteristics of low carbon transport are summarized. The four supporting systems of low carbon transport, namely industrial supporting system, infrastructure supporting system, life supporting system and policy supporting system are brought forth. Moreover, the evaluation system of low carbon transport from three aspects namely low carbon efficiency, low carbon guide and low carbon society is established. On the basis of the two systems, advices are provided in this paper. Government, enterprises and city dwellers should play different roles in low carbon transport development. All the people are involved in the development of low carbon transport and the construction of low carbon cities.
Summary of Environment Impact of Renewable Energy Resources
Authors: Zhu Ji Zhong , Cheung Kwok
Published: December 2012

Every type of energy utilization for electricity generation has environmental consequences. The main consequences of burning fossil fuels and of nuclear power are well-known. Renewable energy sources (wind, solar, biomass, hydroelectric, geothermal, etc.) are generally thought of as harmless, but this doesn’t mean they have no environmental consequences at all. Most of them have a significant aesthetic impact and require large areas of land. Some also have a significant impact on the eco-system (birds, fishes, etc.). This paper summarizes the environmental issues caused by all kinds of renewable energy sources.
Analysis of Embodied Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions in Chinese Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Sun Dong , Tong Chu Xia
Published: December 2012

This paper attempts to discuss the embodied energy consumption and embodied greenhouse gas emissions in manufacturing industry. Based the on input-output theory, this paper establishes the calculation model, which gives the calculation of embodied energy consumption and embodied greenhouse gas emissions of 2002 and 2007 respectively. By comparison, it draws the conclusion that the total direct energy consumption of 2007 is much more than the year of 2002, while the total embodied energy consumption is less than the year of 2002. However, Non-metallic mineral products, Metal smelting and pressing and Electric equipment and machinery perform otherwise. The reason accounting for the calculation results is that the embodied energy intensity is greatly decreased.
Discussion on Feasibility of Promotion of Low-Carbon Clothing
Authors: Li Bin
Published: December 2012

Our country has incorporated the target of low-carbon into the development of planning of the 12th Five-year Plan, which fully shows that low-carbon society is the inevitable and necessary road of the present social development. The paper discusses on the shortcomings of the low-carbon clothing market at present, makes some suggestions on how to enlarge share of the low-carbon market, and has certain value.
Analysis on Regional Variation of Energy Efficiency in China Based on Convergence Test - A Case Study of Electric Power Efficiency
Authors: Zhou Xu , Zhang Bin , Chen Ji Ying , Wang Zhao Hua , Zeng Hua Lin
Published: December 2012

Applying convergence test method, the energy efficiency differentia among different regions in China is analyzed. It is demonstrated that the differentia has not been really reduced by assessment of electric consumption data. Furthermore, the different endowments of resources among various regions are considered as the main reason and the correlation analysis is used to testify the conclusion. In conclusion, there is still much space to reduce the regional energy efficiency differentia by bridging the endowment of resources gap. On the basis of the above analysis, some policy suggestions are brought up.