bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Factors and Outcomes of Adult-Onset Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Retrospective Analysis of 34 Cases
Authors: Oto Masafumi , Yoshitsugu Kanako , Uneda Shima , Nagamine Michiko , Yoshida Minoru
Published: June 2015

Adult-onset hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) has features that are distinct from that of HLH in pediatric patients. The clinical records at the Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto Hospital were reviewed. We retrospectively analyzed 34 patients who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of HLH-2004. The median age of patients was 60.0 (range 15–86). Underlying diseases were diagnosed in 17 patients. They consisted of malignant lymphoma (n = 3), other neoplastic disease (n = 3), viral infection (n = 4), collagen vascular disease (n = 3), Kikuchi’s disease (n = 3) and drug (n = 1). Underlying diseases were not diagnosed in 17 patients despite examination. The treatments were steroids (n = 18), dexamethasone + cyclosporine A (CSA) + etoposide (n = 4), multidrug chemotherapy (n = 2), steroids and CSA (n = 3). Eleven patients died during observation. In a multivariate analysis, the significant predictor for death was age at onset (hazard ratio, 1.22; 95%CI, 1.02–1.44; P = 0.027). Autopsy was performed in 4 cases, but the underlying disease remained unknown in 3 of those cases. Adult-onset HLH has high diversity and various outcomes. The mechanism of adult-onset HLH is not fully understood and further research is required.
The change of music preferences following the onset of a mental disorder
Authors: Gebhardt Stefan , Von Georgi Richard
Published: June 2015

A psychiatric population (n=123) was examined on changed music preferences after onset of a mental disorder. Most patients did not change their previous music preference; they considered music helpful for their mental state, showed more attractivity and enforcement as personality traits and used music more for emotion modulation. Patients who have undergone a preference shift reported that music has impaired them during the time of illness; these patients showed less ego-strength, less conficence and less enforcement and used music less for arousal modulation. A third subgroup stopped listening to music completely after the onset of the mental disorder; these patients attached less importance to music and also reported that music has impaired their mental state. They showed more ego-strength and used music less for emotion modulation. The results suggest that the use of music in everyday life can be helpful as an emotion modulation strategy. However, some patients might need instructions how to use music in a functional, and not dysfunctional, way. Psychiatrists and psychotherapists as well as music therapists should be aware of emotion modulation strategies, subjective valence of music and personality traits of their patients.
Musical hallucinations in schizophrenia
Authors: Galant-Swafford Jessica , Bota Robert
Published: June 2015

Not required.
Multicentric ameboma of the colon mimicking Crohn℉s disease
Authors: Ramachandran Biggs Saravanan , Thomas Bright , Baby Shana , Thomas Rosamma
Published: June 2015

Entamoeba histolytica infection can lead to colitis, colonic perforation abscess, and ameboma formation. Amebic colitis is common in developing countries, with its varied and nonspecific symptoms. Amebomas can occur rarely due to the formation of excess granulation tissue which usually occurs in cecum and ascending colon. A 64-year-old lady presented with abdominal pain and mass in the right side of abdomen. Imaging showed multicentric colonic masses. On colonoscopy multiple stricturizing ulcerated lesions involving cecum, ascending, proximal transverse colon, and splenic flexure were seen, which were suggestive of Crohn′s disease or multicentric neoplasm. Histopathological examination revealed multicentric lesion with focal necrosis and trophozoites of E. histolytica. Diagnosis of ameboma was made and antiamoebic treatment was started. She had full resolution of symptoms. We present this case since it is a case of ameboma, a rare complication of amebic colitis with an extremely rare presentation of multiple ulcerated stricturizing lesions, involving cecum, ascending, transverse colon, and splenic flexure which typically resembled Crohn′s disease.
The “mule” with golden eggs: Retrieval of unusual foreign body
Authors: Wadhwa Chhavi , Madhavan Shibumon , Augustine Alfred J. , Shenoy Suresh , Mirza Abid
Published: June 2015

Foreign body ingestions often consist of benign objects that will readily pass through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract without necessitating further intervention. There are various reports in the literature about intentional ingestion of foreign bodies in prisoners and body packers, which required intervention. We present a case of 44-year-old male with a history of intentional ingestion of 30 gold pellets as a carrier from Dubai to India. The pellets were successfully retrieved by upper GI endoscopy after 1-week of observation and unsuccessful attempts of conservative trial. There have been many foreign body extractions but gold retrieval has been a rare case.
MSL: A Measure to Evaluate Three-dimensional Patterns in Gene Expression Data
Authors: Gutiérrez-Avilés David , Rubio-Escudero Cristina
Published: June 2015

Microarray technology is highly used in biological research environments due to its ability to monitor the RNA concentration levels. The analysis of the data generated represents a computational challenge due to the characteristics of these data. Clustering techniques are widely applied to create groups of genes that exhibit a similar behavior. Biclustering relaxes the constraints for grouping, allowing genes to be evaluated only under a subset of the conditions. Triclustering appears for the analysis of longitudinal experiments in which the genes are evaluated under certain conditions at several time points. These triclusters provide hidden information in the form of behavior patterns from temporal experiments with microarrays relating subsets of genes, experimental conditions, and time points. We present an evaluation measure for triclusters called Multi Slope Measure, based on the similarity among the angles of the slopes formed by each profile formed by the genes, conditions, and times of the tricluster.
An operatorial approach to stochastic partial differential equations driven by linear multiplicative noise
Authors: Barbu Viorel , Röckner Michael
Published: June 2015

In this paper, we develop a new general approach to the existence and uniqueness theory of infinite dimensional stochastic equations of the form

dX+A(t)X dt=X dW \text { in } (0,T)\times H,

where

A(t)

is a nonlinear monotone and demicontinuous operator from

V

to

V'

, coercive and with polynomial growth. Here,

V

is a reflexive Banach space continuously and densely embedded in a Hilbert space

H

of (generalized) functions on a domain

\mathcal O\subset\mathbb R^d

and

V'

is the dual of

V

in the duality induced by

H

as pivot space. Furthermore,

W

is a Wiener process in

H

. The new approach is based on an operatorial reformulation of the stochastic equation which is quite robust under perturbation of

A(t)

. This leads to new existence and uniqueness results of a larger class of equations with linear multiplicative noise than the one treatable by the known approaches. In addition, we obtain regularity results for the solutions with respect to both the time and spatial variable which are sharper than the classical ones. New applications include stochastic partial differential equations, as e.g. stochastic transport equations.
Hemoglobin E and Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency and Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in the Chittagong Hill Districts of Bangladesh
Authors: Shannon Kerry L. , Ahmed Sabeena , Rahman Hafizur , Prue Chai S. , Khyang Jacob , Ram Malathi , Haq M. Zahirul , Chowdhury Ashish , Akter Jasmin , Glass Gregory E. , Shields Timothy , Nyunt Myaing M. , Khan Wasif A. , Sack David A. , Sullivan David J.
Published: June 2015

Hemoglobin E is largely confined to south and southeast Asia. The association between hemoglobin E (HbE) and malaria is less clear than that of hemoglobin S and C. As part of a malaria study in the Chittagong Hill Districts of Bangladesh, an initial random sample of 202 individuals showed that 39% and 49% of Marma and Khyang ethnic groups, respectively, were positive for either heterozygous or homozygous hemoglobin E. In this group, 6.4% were also found to be severely deficient and 35% mildly deficient for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). In a separate Plasmodium falciparum malaria case–uninfected control study, the odds of having homozygous hemoglobin E (HbEE) compared with normal hemoglobin (HbAA) were higher among malaria cases detected by passive surveillance than age and location matched uninfected controls (odds ratio [OR] = 5.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07–46.93). The odds of heterozygous hemoglobin E (HbAE) compared with HbAA were similar between malaria cases and uninfected controls (OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.42–1.19). No association by hemoglobin type was found in the initial parasite density or the proportion parasite negative after 2 days of artemether/lumefantrine treatment. HbEE, but not HbAE status was associated with increased passive case detection of malaria.
Detection of Zika Virus Infection in Thailand, 2012–2014
Authors: Buathong Rome , Hermann Laura , Thaisomboonsuk Butsaya , Rutvisuttinunt Wiriya , Klungthong Chonticha , Chinnawirotpisan Piyawan , Manasatienkij Wudtichai , Nisalak Ananda , Fernandez Stefan , Yoon In-Kyu , Akrasewi Passakorn , Plipat Tanarak
Published: June 2015

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne pathogen with reported cases in Africa, Asia, and large outbreaks in the Pacific. No autochthonous ZIKV infections have been confirmed in Thailand. However, there have been several cases reported in travelers returning from Thailand. Here we report seven cases of acute ZIKV infection in Thai residents across the country confirmed by molecular or serological testing including sequence data. These endemic cases, combined with previous reports in travelers, provide evidence that ZIKV is widespread throughout Thailand.
Why English Exhibits Determiner-Possessor Complementarity and Slovene Doesn’t
Authors: Lipovšek Frančiška
Published: June 2015

The aim of the paper is to provide an explanation for the following difference between English and Slovene: whereas in English a definite determiner and a possessor are in complementary distribution, in Slovene the two categories are perfectly compatible. Arguing that the traditional approach to determiner-possessor complementarity is inadequate, the paper proposes an explanation that has been developed within the framework of generative grammar: languages exhibiting determiner-possessor complementarity are characterized by the presence of the [∼def] feature on the functional head Pos. The generative approach also shows that (with the definite article and a demonstrative occupying different structural positions) determiner-possessor complementarity is in fact twofold, comprising (i) articlepossessor complementarity and (ii) demonstrative-possessor complementarity.
Training Pre-Service Language Teachers
Authors: Skela Janez
Published: June 2015

This article considers some ways of tackling input in pre-service teacher training. First, it highlights the context and structure of a pre-service course currently provided by the Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. Then it goes on to describe the process of designing a syllabus for the course capitalizing on its methodology component which draws on a wide range of current reflection-oriented models and approaches to teacher training. From these models, a teacher-training activities ‘generator’ is derived, which allows for the formation of many teacher-training procedures. It is argued that such methodology, besides giving trainees the opportunity to examine their attitudes, beliefs and assumptions, also echoes classroom practice.
Narrative Perspective and Focalisation in Translating Fictional Narratives
Authors: Mozetič Uroš
Published: June 2015

The main objective of this paper is to present the complex processes of the shifting of narrative perspective (point-of-view) and focus in translating English prose texts into Slovene. For that purpose, a narratological discourse analysis of James Joyce’s story ‘Eveline’ (Dubliners) is introduced, drawing on K. M. van Leuven-Zwart’s comparative and descriptive model. The model, which has been expanded by three additional categories – narrative mode, narrative perspective, and focalisation –, brings to the forefront the cause-and-effect relationship between the micro- and macrostructural shifts on the one hand, and the shifts in narrative perspective and focalisation on the other. The results obtained show that the model is empirically verifiable and repeatable. This means that it can also be used with other integral translations, particularly if translation shifts are subtle enough and/or consistent with the translator’s dominant strategy and norm.
Delexical Structures Contrastively: A Common Trap for Non-Native Speakers
Authors: Vrbinc Marjeta
Published: June 2015

This article deals with delexical structures and in particular with the problems non-native speakers are faced with when encoding. First, it gives reasons why it is necessary to study the structures and then it discusses the delexical structures in English (monolingual context). The second part of the article focuses on the bilingual aspect, i.e. the translation of English delexical structures into Slovene. Some problems concerning the bilingual context are presented, especially as regards aspect and the difference between the translation of English delexical structures in isolation (e.g. in a dictionary) and within the context. The last part of the article concentrates on the dictionary treatment of delexical structures and provides some examples taken from the latest editions of the leading EFL monolingual dictionaries.
Encounters with National Stereotypes in Foreign Language Teaching: Adjectives Describing Americans
Authors: Stopar Andrej
Published: June 2015

Teaching (or learning) a foreign language is a complex, interdisciplinary undertaking. Teachers and students are required to tackle aspects of language that transcend its merely linguistic component. This article discusses the relationship between language, thought and culture, and explores some aspects of the integration of cultural content in the English classroom. To achieve these goals, a study is conducted that identifies the main stereotypes about Americans among Slovenian university students of English as a foreign language. The results of the research can be used as a means of questioning some frequent stereotypes about Americans, and thus contributing to the fulfilment of (sometimes seemingly abstract) curricular aims that emphasize the significance of intercultural communication, awareness of cultural variety, and intercultural sensitivity.
“Teacher English”: Teacher’s Target Language Use as Cornerstone of Successful Language Teaching
Authors: Sešek Urška
Published: June 2015

In most of today’s courses of English as a foreign language, the learners and teacher share the same mother tongue, but English is the language used to carry out all activities as far as the learner level allows. This means that the teacher’s level of target language mastery plays a significant role in the quality of language teaching and the resulting learning. The paper looks at the functions of teacher talk as a source of input and model language use as well as a tool for managing classroom processes. Based on that, an argument is made for ‘teacher English’ as a case of English for specific purposes.
“House-High Favourites?” – A Contrastive Analysis of Adjective-Noun Collocations in German and English
Authors: Maurer-Stroh Philippa
Published: June 2015

Everybody is talking about collocational analyses these days… Despite recent advances in the monolingual sector, the bilingual environment has not yet come under close scrutiny. It is especially the adjective-noun combinations that have become the focus of attention when it comes to contrastive phraseological studies. Adjectives in particular are subject to semantic tailoring and it is important to bear in mind that (predictable) interlingual lexical one-to-one occurrence, such as the English starless night and the German sternlose Nacht, is a mere exception rather than the rule in the bilingual adjective-noun state of affairs. Factors that have to be considered are (non-) compositionality in contrastive multiword units, like barefaced lie – faustdicke Luge (‘a lie as thick as a man’s fist’), and metaphorical extensions, like haushoher Favorit – hot favourite (*house-high favourite) as well as structural differences in the two languages in question, like (at) short notice – kurzfristig.
Phonemic Transcriptions in British and American Dictionaries
Authors: Šuštaršič Rastislav
Published: June 2015

In view of recent criticisms concerning vowel symbols in some British English dictionaries (in particular by J. Windsor Lewis in JIPA (Windsor Lewis, 2003), with regard to the Oxford Dictionary of Pronunciation (Upton, 2001), this article extends the discussion on English phonemic transcriptions by including those that typically occur in standard American dictionaries, and by comparing the most common conventions of British and American dictionaries. In addition to symbols for both vowels and consonants, the paper also deals with the different representations of word accentuation and the issue of consistency regarding application of phonemic (systemic, broad), rather than phonetic (allophonic, narrow) transcription. The different transcriptions are assessed from the points of view of their departures from the International Phonetic Alphabet, their overlapping with orthographic representation (spelling) and their appropriateness in terms of reflecting actual pronunciation in standard British and/or American pronunciation.
An Exploration of Canadian Identity in Recent Literary Narratives of the Franklin Expeditions
Authors: Kennedy Victor
Published: June 2015

Sir John Franklin’s three expeditions to the high Arctic in 1819, 1825, and 1845 have become the stuff of Canadian legend, enshrined in history books, songs, short stories, novels, and web sites. Franklin set out in 1845 to discover the Northwest Passage with the most advanced technology the British Empire could muster, and disappeared forever. Many rescue explorations found only scant evidence of the Expedition, and the mystery was finally solved only recently. This paper will explore four recent fictional works on Franklin’s expeditions, Stan Rogers’ song “Northwest Passage”, Margaret Atwood’s short story “The Age of Lead”, Rudy Wiebe’s A Discovery of Strangers, and John Wilson’s North with Franklin: the Lost Journals of James Fitzjames, to see how Franklin’s ghost has haunted the hopes and values of nineteenth-century, as well as modern, Canada.
Gadamer; Habermas and a Re-humanized Literary Scholarship
Authors: Sell Roger D.
Published: June 2015

This paper speaks of an ongoing re-humanization of literary studies to which the work of Gadamer and Habermas can valuably contribute. True; these two thinkers themselves run the risk becoming the focus of commentaries that are aridly scholastic. True; too; they themselves tend to think of literature as an aesthetic heterocosm that is quite distinct from human communication in general. Yet human communication in general is something they certainly understand; and their profound insights into it can actually be applied to literature; in ways which they themselves have not envisaged. Especially relevant in Gadamer is his sense of the changes which can be brought about by communication; and his rehabilitation of common sense. In both Gadamer and Habermas; there is also a clear recognition of communicational dialogicality; and of communication’s sheer possibility; even between human beings who are very differently placed. To this can be added Habermas’s central insistence on ethical considerations – on human equality; on truthfulness; on trust; on fairness; on cooperativeness – as an integral dimension of communication at its most genuine. These insights can facilitate the discussion as illustrated with the writings of Dickens and T.S. Eliot.
‘Objectifying’ the War. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial as a Secular Message Board.
Authors: Wimmer Adi
Published: June 2015

The Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington D.C. has become one of the most important cultural signifiers of the nation. Only what it signifies is far from clear. ‘A place of healing’ is a frequently applied epithet; in conjunction with partial memory loss; but ‘healing’ does not work without prior analysis of the wound. In postmodern fashion; anyone can read into it what they want. Evidence for its enduring popularity are the roughly 90 000 objects that have since its inception in 1982 been deposited at ‘the Wall’. These depositions represent an uncensored and hard to control alternative discourse on Vietnam; they are collected daily and stored at a huge warehouse. The ‘Wall’ is not only a sacred site; a locus of grief and contemplation; and a locus of re-uniting the nation; it has also become a prominent place where cultural battles are waged. Since 1995 there has been a permanent exhibition of a selected “Offerings at the Wall” at the Smithsonian Institute. They collectively represent a discourse refusing to be co-opted into a national strategy to re-interpret the Vietnam War as “in truth a noble cause” and an event in which American soldiers acted honourably.
Alliteration as a Means of Characterization of Dramatic Personae: A Translation Issue
Authors: Onič Tomaž
Published: June 2015

Alliteration is usually defined as a repetition of the same initial consonant in consecutive or neighbouring words. Despite its importance for dramatic construction; alliteration is rarely preserved in Slovene translations of dramatic texts. Detailed research into this phenomenon in several British and American plays and their Slovene translations showed that the survival of alliterations in the translation process is mostly random. On the rare occasions when alliteration is preserved; no proof could be found of a clear translation strategy focusing on this linguistic element. Since alliteration in most cases appears not as an isolated language element but rather as one of many important text features; the translator should devise priorities. The purpose of this article is not to urge translators to give alliteration the highest priority; but merely to suggest its inclusion among the features considered. This paper also includes examples of non-preservance of alliteration in translated text illustrating the loss for the text and its implications.
Words in Sheep’s Clothing
Authors: Gabrovšek Dušan
Published: June 2015

The paper focuses on various types of dictionary words, i.e. infrequent and rather uncommon words often listed in comprehensive monolingual English dictionaries but virtually nonexistent in actual usage. These are typically learned derivatives of Greek or Latin origin that are given as unlabeled synonyms of everyday vocabulary items. Their inclusion seems to stem from the application of two different bits of lexicographic philosophy: great respect for matters classical and the principle of comprehensiveness. Seen from this perspective, descriptive corpus-based lexicography is still too weak. While in large native-speaker-oriented dictionaries of English such entries do not seem to cause any harm, they can be positively dangerous in EFL/ESL environments, because using them can easily lead to strange or downright incomprehensible lexical items. Learners are advised to be careful and check the status of such “dubious” items also in English monolingual learners’ dictionaries, in which dictionary words are virtually nonexistent.
Unnaturalness of Negation – an Old Wives’ Tale Retold
Authors: Ilc Gašper
Published: June 2015

Negation has a very long history of study. In the realm of logic, negation is seen as a simple operation that turns an affirmative to a negative. This assumption strongly affected the linguistic study of negation, and led to some misconceptions. For example, negation in natural languages is seen as something unnatural, artificial and syntactically as well as semantically dependant on affirmation. It is perceived as a logical/mathematical operation that turns affirmatives into negatives by way of syntactic transformation and semantic cancellation of multiple negatives. To refute some of these misconceptions, the paper investigates the nature of negation as a linguistic phenomenon, and shows that negation in logic and linguistics should not and cannot be treated in the same fashion. Special attention is paid to the problems of structural complexity, the syntactic notion of multiple negation and its different semantic interpretations. With regard to the semantic interpretation of multiple negation, languages, by and large, allow for two possibilities: negative concord and double negation. Negative concord, which interprets two negatives as a single negation, seems to represent the natural course of language development, while double negation, which allows the cancellation of two negatives resulting in affirmation, was introduced into languages under the influence of logic in the 17th and 18th centuries.
Exploring the Generic Nature of International English
Authors: James Allan
Published: June 2015

The article investigates the nature of English as an International Language (EIL) from a sociolinguistic and sociocultural point via the notion of ‘genre’. Genre, it is claimed, plays a central role in an understanding of the internal hybridity of EIL in that it represents the ‘using’ as opposed to ‘use’ (register) or ‘user’ (dialect) dimension of language realization. While all three dimensions as linguistic resources for different subjectivities can shape an ensuing EIL discourse (such mixes constituting the ‘interdiscursivity’ of (a) text), it is genre that expresses the actional (inter- and transactional) properties of EIL. Drawing also on other linguistic models of genre, the article concludes by interpreting EIL within the discourses of postmodernity, poststructuralism and postcolonialism and pointing to the possibility of developing a new ‘postlinguistics’ for the new millenium.
Two Languages, Number One Authors: The Influence of Bilingual Upbringing on the Literary Accomplishments of Roald Dahl and Dr. Seuss
Authors: Marinić Ivana , Nemet Željka
Published: June 2015

This paper focuses on the nature and impact of bilingual upbringing on cognitive development, thought and cultural experience of two bestselling authors, Roald Dahl and Theodor Seuss Geisel (Dr. Seuss). It argues that this bilingual upbringing resulted in a specific use of language in their literary accomplishments. Several segments from representative works by Dahl and Dr. Seuss are examined in order to reveal the stylistic particularities of the two authors, such as their original argot, word play, neologisms, the art of exaggeration and nonsense, as well as various aspects of metaphor. This is to show that bilingualism may be a decisive factor in creating a fruitful environment for the development of original and recognizable mode of written expression, which not only transcends cognitive and linguistic boundaries, but also cultural borderlines, resulting in the emergence of a new cultural artistic identity.
Exploring Stereotypes: Scottish and Slovene Jokes in the Classroom
Authors: Hempkin Kirsten
Published: June 2015

It is widely accepted that the use of humour and jokes in particular brings a number of benefits to the EFL teacher. Not only can jokes help to establish a relaxed learning atmosphere, they can also serve as a context in which to study particular aspects of grammar, vocabulary and culture. However, jokes based on national and regional stereotypes tend to be ignored by EFL teachers, as their potential to cause offense has seen them deemed unsuitable for classroom use. The purpose of this paper is to present a different perspective: it is precisely the rather risky nature of these jokes which makes them ideal for classroom use, particularly in lessons with the specific aim of raising students’ cultural awareness through the exploration of stereotypes.
An Evaluation of the School-Based Teaching Practice in the Training of EFL Teachers by the English Department of the Faculty of Arts in Ljubljana
Authors: Skela Janez , Sešek Urška , Zavašnik Mihaela
Published: June 2015

In the introduction, the article outlines the context of the practical EFL teacher training at the Faculty of Arts in Ljubljana and provides the general rationale for this component of teacher education programs. The article then focuses on the results of an ongoing evaluation of the school-based teaching practice program for future EFL teachers (which included over 500 participants) from its inception to the present. The instruments used in the evaluation were questionnaires filled in by all the participating students and their mentors, and essay reports written by the students after each of the two obligatory practice weeks. The quantitative and qualitative data complement each other and confirm that school-based teaching practice is of key importance for shaping future language teachers. The large majority of students and mentors judge their practice teaching experience as positive. An active encounter with their future professional reality is also a major milestone in the students’ process of professional identification. The study also points out some aspects of the school-based teaching practice which should be further developed. Unfortunately, as can be seen from the conclusion, the current promises / the reality of the Bologna reform do not provide much cause for optimism.
Probing for Relevance: Information Theories and Translation
Authors: Dejica Daniel
Published: June 2015

Recent studies claim that the more translators know about the structure and the dynamics of discourse, the more readily and accurately they can translate both the content and the spirit of a text. Similarly, international research projects highlight directions of research which aim at helping translators make reasonable and consistent decisions as to the relevance and reliability of source text features in the target text. Other recent studies stress the importance of developing information structure theories for translation. In line with such current research desiderata, the aim of this article is to test the relevance of information theories for translation. In the first part, information theories are presented from different linguistic perspectives. In the second part, their relevance for translation is tested on a series of texts by examining how they have been or can be applied to translation. The last part presents the conclusions of the analysis.
EFFECTS OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN ON THE INTEGRITY OF INDUSTRIAL CHLORINATED RUBBER–BASED PRIMER USED IN RUBBER/METAL COMPOSITES
Authors: Ismail I. , Harun M. K. , Yahya M. Z. A.
Published: June 2015

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was employed to study the properties of a stand-alone industrial coating Chemlok 205® primer used in rubber/metal-bonded composites in water. The impedance behavior was observed between systems exposed in aerated and de-aerated systems. The coating properties were interpreted through Nyquist and Bode's EIS plots. Equivalent electrical circuit models derived from the spectra were employed to describe the degradation process of the coatings. Data obtained showed that coating samples exposed under aerated water experienced a significant drop in impedance followed by the development of a corrosion cell. Data from the Nyquist and Bode's plots were used to model the electrical equivalent circuits that described the overall coating degradation process. The degradation process for the aerated system can be represented by three different equivalent electrical circuits, indicating a reduction of the coating impedance against the exposure time. This was, however, not the case for the de-aerated coating system, which was found to have been able to maintain high coating impedance values and good adhesion throughout the duration of the experiment. A comparison on the change in the coating capacitance and pore resistance of the Chemlok 205 primer between the aerated and de-aerated water systems indicated that dissolved oxygen significantly contributed to the adhesion failure of the coating. A Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis conducted after alkaline exposure to represent the coating in alkaline medium when subjected to cathodic polarization confirmed the chemical degradation of the primer caused by hydroxide attack. The analysis shows a natural reaction of the acidic phenolic group within the primer, with the basic hydroxide ions resulting in the formation of a phenolic salt or phenoxides.
Wpływ CCC na wzrost i owocwanie młodych drzew gruszy odm. 'Komisówka' w roku traktowania i w latach następnych [Effect of CCC on growth and fruiting young 'Doyenne du Cornice' pear trees in the year of substance application and in the following years]
Authors: Jaumień F.
Published: June 2015

Effect of CCC on growth and fruiting 'Doyenne du Comice' trees in the year of application and to the following year after spraying was investigated. A single spraying with CCC strongly inhibited growth of shoots and favoured profuse setting of flower buds especially at the apex and in the apical part of long shoots. As a result of this in the following year the number of terminals was greatly redused and so was the sum of the terminal lengths. On the other hand the percentage of very long shoots was incresed. In the third season after spraying the trees exhibited very vigorous growth.
Wpływ zwiększonej zawartości dtuutlenku węgla w powietrzu na młode rośliny pomidorów uprawianych różnymi metodami [Effect of increased CO2 level in atmosphere on young tomato plants under various culture conditions]
Authors: Gumińska Z. , Osmelak M.
Published: June 2015

An experiment was performed in order to establish whether an increase of CO2 content in the atmosphere is advantageous to plants grown in hydroponic culture. Tomato plants were grown in hydroponic, water and soil cultures in two chambers with different CO2 concentration. After 16 days of experiment the tenfold concentration of CO2 increased the dry mass of plants by 73 - 93% in all the cultures.
Wpływ humianu sodowego z węgla brunatnego na rozwój roślin [Effect of sodium humate from lignite on plants grown under various culture conditions]
Authors: Gumińska Z. , Gracz-Nalepa M. , Łukasiewicz B. , Koniarek M. , Osmelak M. , Paluch B.
Published: June 2015

The effect of humate on the uptake of Fe-ions has already been proved. In the present paper other advantages of humate are indicated. If plants are grown in optimum conditions humate has no effect. In more concentrated solutions humate acts as a preventive factor and provides for more economical use of the solution (yield increase 40%). When high doses of P and Cu are used, humate weakens their harmful effect on plants; with pH too low or too high, it acts protectively. Humate was tested also in the transplantation of vegetatively propagated young orchid plants from sterile conditions into a natural medium; in that case it also showed a protective effect.
Rozwój Narcissus poeticus L. [Development of Narcissus poeticus L.]
Authors: Jamiołowska B. , Zawadzka Z.
Published: June 2015

One generation of Narcissus poeticus develops during three seasons. The vegetative stage of the meristem lasts 11 months. It changes to a floral apex in the second year and initiates all the flower elements from the first days of June to mid August. The plants bloom in the third year.
Wpływ etyloiminy i naśimetlania promieniami gamma na wzrost i roztwój oraz na zawartość kapsaicyny papryki (Capsicum annuum L.) Cz. I [Effect of ethyloimine and irradiation by 60Co on the growth, yield and capsaicine content of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) P. I.]
Authors: Zderkiewicz T.
Published: June 2015

Application of mutagenic factors (El in concentrations: 0.03%, 0.06%, 0.125%, 0.25%, and doses of 60Co rays: 5000 r, 10000 r, 15000 r, 20000 r, were used Ethyloimine and irradiation had a positive effect on the capseicin content in fruits of pepper. Difference in the growth of plant and size and weight of fruits were observed.
Preliminary research on amino acid composition and nutritional value of clover proteins
Authors: Kłyszejko-Stefanowicz L. , Polanowska Z. , Krajewska W. , Radwański J. , Maciejewska-Potapczyk W.
Published: June 2015

The amino acid composition and nutritional value of 5 clover varieties including 3 Polish ones ('Gloria', 'Hruszowska', 'Skrzeszowicka') and 2 of foreign origin ('Rotra' and 'Violetta') were investigated. No significant differences in the total protein content (19.2–20.0% of dry matter) as well as in qualitative amino acid composition were found among the clover varieties under examination. EAA index (Essential amino acid index) calculated according to Oser for 'Gloria' and 'Hruszowska' showed the highest nutritional value was – 40. The lowest value of EAA index was found for 'Violetta' cvar. – 32, intermediate values however for Rotra and Skrzeszowicka was 37 and 36.
Some methodical aspects in investigations on wheat gluten
Authors: Andrzejczuk-Hybel J. , Bartoszewicz K. , Bernacka T. , Dałek U. , Kusińska A. , Liss W. , Kączkowski J.
Published: June 2015

3 M urea has been shown to cause considerable, and only partially reversible conformational changes of gluten molecules. Homogenization has proved to act mechanically, breaking down some molecular bonds. No structural changes could be observed during freeze drying gluten, as well as after brief heating of its acetic acid extracts.
Studia embriologiczne u pięciu odmian Medicago saliva L. Cz. II [Embriological studies in five varieties of Medicago sativa L. Part II.]
Authors: Bijok K. , Adamkiewicz E. , Grygorczyk L.
Published: June 2015

The objective of this study was to elucidate the problem of low seedy yields of five varieties of Medicago sativa L. (Australijska, Grimma, Kleszczewska, Miechowska, and Warmińska) under climatic conditions of northern Poland. The study included pollination and fertilization processes, embryo sac, embryo and endosperm development. These factors in case of lack of the proper amount of pollen, and insufficient number of pollinators, may under certain environmental conditions results in poor seed setting and low fertility of the varieties studied.
Badania nad proliferacja, (miotlastością) jabłoni w Polsce. III. Obserwacje nad zanikaniem objawów proliferacji jabłoni [Studies on apple proliferation in Poland. III. The observation on the recovery of proliferation diseased apple trees]
Authors: Kamińska Maria , Zawadzka Barbara
Published: June 2015

The quality and quantity of fruit crop from diseased apple trees in the period of the vanishing symptoms of proliferation was studied. In following years after the shock stage no negative effects were found which was connected with the transition of the trees into the stage of apparent recovery.
Chromatograficzna analiza substancji pektynowych źdźbła zbóż [Chromatographic analysis of pectic substances of the corn culms]
Authors: Przeszlakowska Maria
Published: June 2015

The Chromatographic analysis of the various fractions of pec'tic substances of the wheat, barley and rye culms has been carried out. The content of pectic substances in various fractions was also determined, as well as the quantity of ash and calcium (per cent by dry weight).
Wybrane zagadnienia z biologii grzyba Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor. [Some problems in the life-cycle of fungus Plasmodiophora brassicae, Wor.]
Authors: Nowicki B.
Published: June 2015

The quickest loss of infectivity of Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor. resting spores was observed in acid soil. Jnlectivity was ratained longer in neutral and alkaline soils. The infection of cabbage seedlings took place in a broad pH range from 3.3 to 8.1, the optimum soil pH for infection being at 5.3 - 5.7. When the number of spores in the soil increased the infection took place in the infection took place in the broader pH range. The plants which were planted as seedlings in infested soil were infected in a broader pH range than plants which were grown from seeds in infested soil.
Use of maleic hydrazide (MH) to induce branches in maiden fruit trees
Authors: Jankiewicz L. S. , Kozyra J.
Published: June 2015

MH as a single spray in concentrations 700 -1500 mg/l was used in July to induce premature offshoots in nursery trees. The trees of pear, plum and of 3 apple cultivars showed little or no response to MH treatment Due to this treatment, however, the trees of 7 other apple cultivars formed 3-5 branches longer than 20 cm, possessing large crotch angles. The growth of the main axis was only temporarily inhibited by the MH treatment.
The effect of some endogenic substances contained in the cortical parenchyma of apple trees on growth in vitro of the fungus Phytophthora cactorum (Leb. of Cohn) Schroeter
Authors: Bielenin A. , Cimanowski J. , Nowacki J.
Published: June 2015

Gel filtration of an alkaline extract of the cortical parenchyma yielded four fractions of which two had activity in vitro on the growth of Phytophthora cactorum. Fraction I was stimulatory and fraction IV inhibitory; one of the inhibitors in fraction IV was identified as phloridzin. When the extraction solvent contained sodium sulphite in addition to sodium hydroxide, fraction II showed inhibitory activity.
Badania kariologiczne niektórych mieszańców międzygatunkowych z rodzaju Solanum [Cytological studies of some interspecies hybrids of the genus Solanum]
Authors: Bijok K. , Lipińska J. , Adamkiewicz E. , Grygorczyk L.
Published: June 2015

Karyological analysis of interspecies hybrids of tetraploid (2n=48) varieties of Solanum tuberosum (Flisak, Fortuna, Sagitta and Spekula) and di-haploid form of S. tuberosum (2n=24) with semicultivated species S. phureja (2n=24), wild diploid species S. chacoense (2n=24), S. simplicifolium (2n=24), S. vernei (2n=24) and tetraploid species S. stoloniferum (2n=48) was carried out.
Effect of morphactin IT 3456 (methyl-2-chloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-(9)-carboxylate) on parthenocarpic fruit development of tomatoes
Authors: Łukasik S. , Huszcza W.
Published: June 2015

It was found that parthenocarpy could be induced by morphactin IT 3456 (0.5 and 1 ppm) in prior emasculated flowers, those left to free-pollination and even flowers pollinated with the pollen of control plants (New Yorker). When morphactin IT 3456 in 0.5 and 1 ppm concentrations was used 88% and 100% of parthenocarpy was noted in the greenhouse, respectively (Earliest of All). The higest percentage of parthenocarpy in the total number of fruits in the field was recorded in the 'New Yorker' variety. The lowest percentage of parthenocarpy was observed in the variety 903. The symptoms of the destructive influence of morphactin IT 3456 (0.5 and 1 ppm) on plant development were noted, but they were stronger in the greenhouse than in the field.
Zbiorowiska segetalne Kotliny Szczercowskiej (Widawskiej) [Segetal communities of the Szczercowska (Widawska) Depression]
Authors: Siciński J. T.
Published: June 2015

In floristic and phytosociological investigations on the cultivated fields of the Szczercowska (Widawska) Depression, in the period 1967-1971, 7 associations and 3 communities as well as numerous taxonomic lower units such as subassociations, variants and facies were distinguished. Vascular plants were represented by 258 species occurring as weeds on arable fields. Among them were some interesting and rare members of the segetal flora: Adonis flammeus, Adonis aestivalis, Anagallis coerulea, Linaria elatine, Vicia grandiflora, Illecebrum verticillatum, Anthoxanthum aristatum, Herniaria hirsuta and others.
Morfogeneza pędów krzewiącej się pszenicy oraz dynamika ich elongacyjnego wzrostu [Morphogenesis of shoots of tillering plants of winter wheat and the dynamics of their elongation growth]
Authors: Drezner Witold
Published: June 2015

The morphogenesis of vegetative shoots of tillering plants of the winter wheat, the mode of identification and the description of the sequence of formation of individual shoots are presented. The average elongation growth of plants (e) in the successive growth stages are described as the sum of the increase of the main shoot (a) and of the side (secondary) shoots (Σ b) divided by the number of measured tillers (1) and by the time unit (t) according to the equation. By this method the correlation between the dynamics of winter wheat growth and the grade of tillering are described for three varieties.
Influence of gibberellic acid on the growth and flowering initiation of two types of peas (Pisum sativum L.) differing in photoperiod response
Authors: Łukasik S.
Published: June 2015

It was found that GA3 (0.03 mg per one plant) caused significant delay of the flowering of two different genotypes of peas under conditions of an increasing natural day length (March - May). It was expressed both in a greater number of vegetative nodes and in a greater number of days to the first flower. Under conditions of a decreasing day length (August - November) most of G type plants treated with GA3 reacted with complete inhibition of the flowering. In K type pea, GA3 treatment in the discussed conditions affected only the number of days from the sowing time to the appearence of the first flower. This stage was greater in treated plants in comparison with the control ones.
Biologiczna analiza testoiua śladowych ilości prometryny przy użyciu rośliny Wolffia arrhiza (L.) Wimm. [Biological test for trace amounts of herbicide in water using a water plant – Wolffia arrhiza (L.) Wimm.]
Authors: Zawadzki Bogdan
Published: June 2015

Investigations were performed on the sensitivity of Wolffia arrhiza (L.) Wimm. to the herbicide 2-methylmercapto-4,6-diisopropylamino-l,3,5-triasine. The plant was found to be suitable for use in a biological test for quantitative estimation of the herbicide. The analysis was performed directly in water extracts by means of counting or weighing the plants.
Wpływ IAA i GA3 na natężenie fotosyntezy, oddychania i transpiracji siewek pszenicy jarej i kukurydzy w warunkach niedostatku wody w glebie [The effect of IAA and GA3 on photosynthesis, respiration and transpiration of spring wheat and corn seedlings under conditions of insufficient water in the soil]
Authors: Nowakowski W. , Lubańska Grażyna
Published: June 2015

It was found that IAA and GA3 distinctly increase the intensity of photosynthesis of the grain seedlings under 30% capillary water capacity. At 60% of capillary water capacity this effect is smaller. The effect of the applied substances on respiration and transpiration is pronounced in spring wheat and only slight in corn.
Influence of phenolic substances on rooting of softtrood cuttings of Populus alba L. and P. canescens Sm.
Authors: Bojarczuk T. , Jankiewicz L. S.
Published: June 2015

Pyrogallol and salicylic acid used alone or in combination with auxin increased markedly the number of rooted cuttings, the number of roots per cutting and the total length of roots per cutting. The effect of phenolic substances was most visible when treatment was done in late summer, i.e. when natural ability to form roots was very low.
Utilisation de l'énergie solaire dans la productivité photosunthétique au cours de quatre phases vegetatives de differentes variétés du Triticum durum [Utilization of solar energy in photosynthesis during four vegetative phases of different varieties of Triticum durum]
Authors: Nowakowski W. , Konopko E. , Lubańska G.
Published: June 2015

The utilization of solar energy in photosynthesis has been studied in 20 varieties of Triticum durum belonging to the 12 botanical forms found in the collection of The Institute of Plant Breeding and Acclimatization, Radzikow n. Warsaw. We have found that the solar energy used in photosynthesis, expressed as % of the solar radiation (cal*cm-2) accumulated in the carbon of the dry matter per cm! of the aerial part of the different varieties of T. durum reaches the mean values of 2,23% to 3,80%.