bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adoção e manutenção do e-commerce
Authors: De Sousa Henrique Adriano , De Abreu Passos Gabriela , Soares de Oliveira Everton Lucio , Klein Luciana
Published: July 2024

A pesquisa tem objetivo de analisar o efeito das pressões institucionais na percepção de barreiras e benefícios na adoção e manutenção do e-commerce em MPMEs brasileiras, antes e durante a pandemia. A amostra foi constituída de administradores das MPMEs, no total de 120 e 211 respondentes no período pré e durante a pandemia, respectivamente. Empregou-se a Modelagem de Equações Estruturais e Análise Multigrupo. Os resultados apontam diferenças das percepções dos benefícios e barreiras antes e durante a pandemia. Ressalta-se que houve um aumento da percepção dos benefícios e diminuição na percepção de barreiras para adoção do e-commerce.
Contribuições das metodologias colaborativas para o aprendizado dos estudantes de Administração e Secretariado Executivo bilíngue
Authors: Carlos Franco Costa Alan , Batista de Lima Thales , Da Silva Santiago Cibelle
Published: July 2024

Este artigo objetiva analisar a percepção dos estudantes dos cursos de Administração e Secretariado Executivo Bilíngue, do Campus IV da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, sobre a difusão de metodologias colaborativas em sala de aula. É de abordagem quantitativa e o questionário abordou os níveis de conhecimento, frequência e contribuições das metodologias colaborativas, analisados pela estatística descritiva. Os resultados indicam que há semelhanças no entendimento que os estudantes dos cursos têm sobre o uso delas, mas se diferem em termos da frequência com que elas são utilizadas em sala de aula, influenciando na maneira como contribuem para o aprendizado dos estudantes.
Socialização organizacional
Authors: Pereira da Silva Paulo , Hanashiro Darcy Mitiko , Martins Vieira Almir
Published: July 2024

O artigo objetiva compreender se a cultura organizacional transmitida por táticas de socialização organizacional adotadas nos programas de trainee é congruente com os atributos da Geração Z. Adotou-se uma abordagem qualitativa, baseada em entrevista em grupo e 13 entrevistas individuais com trainees, gestores de programas de trainees e consultores. Os resultados mostraram que as tácticas de socialização organizacional transmitem e reforçam a cultura e que os trainees precisam se adaptar a um ambiente desconhecido, assumir novos papéis e aprender elementos culturais fundamentais. As organizações devem adaptar as tácticas de socialização para transmitir eficazmente a cultura organizacional à Geração Z.
Tax aggressiveness and auditor switching
Authors: Lopo Martinez Antonio , Amaral Ana , Pinheiro Laura
Published: July 2024

In Brazil's complex tax landscape, this study examines the link between tax aggressiveness and auditor switches among B3-listed companies. Analyzing data from 2012 to 2022, we find heightened tax aggressiveness reduces the propensity for voluntary auditor changes. Yet, during crises or under Big 4 auditing, this inclination shifts. These findings spotlight Brazil's unique corporate dynamics, differing from global trends, and emphasize the importance of understanding tax strategies and auditor behaviors within Brazil's unique market context.
Histórias de velhos belorizontinos vulneráveis ao crédito consignado
Authors: Reis Duarte Fonseca Edivane , Correia Gabriel , Corrêa Marcos Paulo , Carrieri Alexandre
Published: July 2024

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as histórias e memórias dos empréstimos consignados realizados por velhos em Belo Horizonte. Utilizamos das convergências entre as metodologias histórica e qualitativa e triangulamos 15 entrevistas narrativas semiestruturadas com a análise documental e anotações de caderno de campo. Partindo da Análise de Narrativa Temática, apresentamos os resultados. Destacamos que os participantes desvelam em suas memórias o funcionamento do sistema de dívida, sobrelevando a vulnerabilidade da população velha frente às estratégias das instituições financeiras. Contribuímos para o avanço de estudos de grupos sociais marginalizadas pelo mainstream acadêmico, ressaltando sujeitos por vezes não vistos e silenciados.
O organizar e as práticas do mercado pirata
Authors: Souza Lucas Lopes Ferreira de , Pinheiro Vanessa , Gerhard Felipe , Silva Gabriele
Published: July 2024

A pirataria desempenha um papel ambíguo: cria empregos para pessoas à margem do mercado formal e oferece produtos acessíveis devido aos altos impostos sobre os originais. Isso levanta complexidades éticas no consumo e na organização das práticas de produtos piratas. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste artigo é compreender como se organizam as práticas cotidianas do mercado pirata no centro comercial da cidade de Fortaleza, no Ceará. Foi realizada uma pesquisa com observações sistemáticas, diários de campo e entrevistas em profundidade. Descobriu-se um conjunto de práticas astuciosas, incluindo aspectos mafiosos, estratégias de subsistência e táticas de camuflagem, que moldam o mercado pirata.
On the Main Directions of Improving Financial Legislation
Authors: Smirnov E.
Published: July 2024

In the State Duma, in line with the improvement of financial legislation, bills № 531412-8 and № 269223-8 are being prepared for the second reading, designed to significantly increase the level of efficiency and competitiveness of the Russian financial market.
Organization and Methodology of Conducting Field Practice in Botany in Higher Education under Distance Learning Conditions
Authors: Pashina M. , Arbuzova E.
Published: July 2024

The trends in the formation of a digital society serve as benchmarks for the current and prospective development of higher pedagogical education. Therefore, one of the goals of biological and ecological education for future teachers is to master modern digital technologies. Federal projects for creating a digital educational environment include the development of digital services and content for educational activities. Thus, the development of distance learning technologies and blended learning has become a crucial condition for the digital transformation of biology and ecology teaching in higher education. The Federal State Educational Standards for Higher Education (FGOS VO) require the learning outcomes to reflect the components of information culture for future biology teachers and bioecologists. This includes skills such as obtaining necessary information from dictionaries, atlases, guides, the ability to navigate various sources of biological information, critically evaluate and interpret information about living and non-living nature in the media and other sources, and the ability to use information and communication technologies in solving practical tasks. In this regard, organizing field practice for biology students in botany under distance learning conditions is an important component in the subject, meta-subject, and methodological preparation of future biology teachers and bioecology specialists.
The accessibility of modern information resources to students, including those with limited capabilities and athletes, in any location and time using distance technologies emphasizes the need to improve their information culture. By engaging students remotely in the study of living nature through mobile devices, virtual and augmented reality, university teachers shape their knowledge and skills in botany, ICT competencies, and information culture, which is part of general human culture and an important element in the development of every individual.

Objective: To improve the effectiveness of organizing and conducting field practice for bioecology students in botany under conditions of distance and blended learning.

Method or Methodology: The publication is based on information, technological, and competency-based pedagogical approaches. The article utilizes group natural science and pedagogical observations, mathematical methods, and the analysis of students’ activities resulting from individual independent collection of plant material with subsequent analysis and chamber processing.

Results: Positive results have been obtained, allowing for the recommendation of implementing distance, mobile, and immersive technologies for organizing and conducting field practices in biology.

Application Area of Results: The presented results can be applied in conducting educational activities in universities under conditions of blended and inclusive learning, particularly in biology field practices, both online and offline.
Beyond Pills: Synergizing Pharmacological and Physical Activity Interventions in Fibromyalgia Treatment. A review
Authors: Bochenek Oliwia , Koper Mateusz , Nowak Aleksandra , Kałuża Jessica , Konaszczuk Adrian , Ratyna Klaudia , Kozyra Oliwia , Szypuła Zofia , Paluch Katarzyna , Skarbek Małgorzata
Published: July 2024

Introduction and purpose
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic condition characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and cognitive impairment, affecting 2-4% of the global population, with a higher prevalence among women and those of lower socioeconomic status. The pathogenesis of FM is complex and multifactorial, involving central sensitization and neurochemical dysregulation. This review highlights the latest advancements in pharmacological and behavioral therapies for fibromyalgia.
State of knowledge
Management of fibromyalgia currently is based on a combination of medication use and non-pharmacological approaches, primarily based on physical activity and cognitive-behavioral therapy. This review explores advancements in FM treatments, focusing on novel pharmacological agents such as vortioxetine, eslicarbazepine acetate, and tapentadol, which target specific neurochemical pathways to alleviate symptoms. Vortioxetine offers new mechanisms of action with potential cognitive benefits, while eslicarbazepine acetate and tapentadol provide alternative approaches for pain modulation and central sensitization. Additionally, non-pharmacological therapies, including high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and virtual reality (VR) therapy, demonstrate promise in enhancing physical fitness, reducing pain, and improving quality of life for FM patients.
Summary
Overall, the integration of these novel therapies into comprehensive, individualized treatment plans can optimize outcomes and enhance the quality of life for individuals with FM. Ongoing research and personalized medicine approaches are essential to further refine and validate these emerging treatments.
Strengths and Difficulties Regarding Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Correlation with Social Responsiveness and Disorder Severity
Authors: Aydoğan Avşar Pınar , Kara Tayfun , Kocaman Orhan , Kuru Tacettin
Published: July 2024

Objective: Children with neurodevelopmental disabilities often experience social difficulties. Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more likely to experience peer rejection and cognitive, academic, family, and professional difficulties. This investigation aimed to identify the predictors of difficulties faced by children and adolescents with ADHD.

Material and Methods: We established ADHD diagnoses based on DSM-5 criteria. Moreover, every participant had a diagnostic evaluation by a child and adolescent psychiatrist using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS-PL) and a detailed sociodemographic form documented. Parents completed the Turgay DSM IV-Based Child and Adolescent Behavioural Disorders Screening and Rating Scale (T-DSM-IV-S), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) for their children.

Results: The study included 99 children, 59 in the ADHD group and 40 in the control group. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding gender and age. The mean scores of T-DSM-IV-S [Attention deficit (AD), Hyperactivity/impulsivity (H/I), Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), Conduct disorder (CD)], SDQ, and SRS were significantly higher in the ADHD group than in the control group. Among the independent variables in the regression model, SRS total scores significantly predicted SDQ-total (β = 0.238, p = 0.033) and SDQ-emotion (β =0.439, p = 0.001) scores in the ADHD group.

Conclusion: Children diagnosed with ADHD may have more receptive deficits in mutual interactions than their peers, which greatly impacts their social behaviors. Early social skills training for social functioning impairments may reduce the condition’s social impact
Diabetes Mellitus: Preconception management in primary care
Authors: Harris Carlene , Claydon Anne , Hill Marie C.
Published: July 2024

Women with diabetes experience adverse risks to their health and the health of their foetuses during pregnancy. This article draws upon research to help primary care nurses advise and care for patients who fall into this category

Diabetes mellitus is associated with adverse risks to both pregnant women and their foetuses. These risks include; congenital malformations, stillbirth and miscarriage. The infant is also at risk of developing diabetes mellitus and other health issues in the future. This article provides an overview of diabetes mellitus and pregnancy. Addressing the importance of preconception management and the role general practice nurses have in increasing favourable outcomes, through improving preconception management in primary care. Discussing integrating primary and secondary care to enable continuity of care. Analysing the research on the impact health care professionals conducting educational interventions has on patient's pregnancy outcomes. As well as the use of conventional and digital methods to provide health education on preconception care.
Ergenlerde Öz-Kontrol ve Sosyotelizm Arasındaki İlişki: Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığının Aracı Rolü
Authors: Erdem Dilara Vuslat , Şimşir Gökalp Zeynep
Published: July 2024

Bu araştırmanın amacı ergenlerde öz-kontrol, sosyal medya bağımlılığı ve sosyotelizm arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektir. Ayrıca öz-kontrol ve sosyotelizm arasındaki ilişkide sosyal medya bağımlılığının rolünü içeren aracı modeli test etmektir. Bu araştırmanın bağımsız değişkeni öz-kontrol, bağımlı değişkeni sosyotelizm ve aracı değişkeni sosyal medya bağımlılığıdır. Araştırma 2021-2022 yılları arasında Mersin ve Konya'daki ortaokul ve liselerde öğrenim gören 12-18 yaş arası 623 [320 (%51.4) kız, 303 (%48.6) erkek] ergenin katılımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada veriler korelasyon analizi ve aracılık testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Dolaylı etkinin anlamlılığını test etmek için bootstrapping yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre öz-kontrol ile sosyotelizm ve sosyal medya bağımlılığı arasında negatif yönlü anlamlı ilişki bulunurken, sosyotelizm ve sosyal medya bağımlılığı arasında pozitif yönlü anlamIı ilişki bulunmuştur. Gerçekleştirilen aracılık testi sonucunda öz-kontrol ve sosyotelizm arasındaki ilişkide sosyal medya bağımlılığı kısmi aracı role sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Başka bir ifadeyle öz-kontrol hem doğrudan hem de sosyal medya bağımlılığı aracılığıyla sosyotelizmi yordamaktadır. Bulgular, ilgili literatür kapsamında tartışılmış ve öneriler sunulmuştur.
Multidisciplinary management of orthopaedic trauma – are we adhering to the guidelines?
Authors: Hutchinson K , Bretherton CB , Gmati A , Handley B
Published: July 2024

Introduction

A multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach to polytrauma patients minimises morbidity and mortality. This project assesses the extent to which British Orthopaedic Association Standards for Trauma guidelines for the management of the frail Orthopaedic patient are currently being met.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed of all Trauma and Orthopaedic patients in multiple medical institutions over a 2-week capture period from 1 March 2022 until 14 March 2022 inclusive. Data collected included age, sex, injury, length of stay and dates of speciality input.

Results

A total of 1,050 patients were included from 27 hospitals. The median age was 80 years, with 560 (53.3%) of all fractures being neck of femur fractures. Of the 1,050 patients, 870 (82.9%) were managed operatively. The median number of different speciality involvements was 3; 645 (61.4%) had an orthogeriatric (OG) review. In major trauma centres (MTC), 93.3% had OG input, compared with 66.3% in non-MTC. The speciality with the greatest input was Radiology, with Plastics having the lowest input.

Conclusion

A standardised MDT approach is needed to optimise care and recovery in orthopaedic trauma patients. The difference in results regarding speciality involvement is substantial and needs to be addressed to minimise disparities in care received by this vulnerable cohort of patients.
Focused Shock Waves in Delayed Union and No-union After Intramedullary Nailing in Lower Limbs
Authors: Josep Pous ,   Orthopaedic Surgeon and Medical Director of CEMATEC, Barcelona, España.
Published: July 2024

Shock waves have changed medical therapy substantially. Accounting for the epidemiology of the treated diseases, this therapeutic tool may equal or even surpass the impact of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Lower limb fractures after intramedullary nailing generally heal without problems when there are good local conditions and no associated pathologies, but sometimes if the biomechanical or biological variables are not ideal, they can lead to a delay in healing or develop a non-union. Extracorporeal shock waves therapy is a treatment option in delayed union and no-union after intramedullary nailing in lower limbs cases in which there is mechanical stability of the fracture focus, as they can allow healing without the need for new surgeries. Keywords: Extracorporeal shockwave therapy, Shock waves, Non-union, Delayed union
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Treatment and Multimodal Pain Management for Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Kobayashi Ricardo ,   Department of Neurology, Pain Center, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Plantar fasciitis (PF) is an important cause of musculoskeletal pain and radial pressure waves (RPWs) can be used for patients not improving after 3 months of other non-operative measures. However, in refractory cases of PT, it is imperative to investigate possible differential diagnoses and one of its important differential diagnoses is tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS). TTS is a rare but important condition which is regularly under diagnosed leading to a range of symptoms affecting the plantar aspect of the foot typically associated with a neuropathic pain pattern. Case Report: We report a case of PF with TTS and associated neuropathic components. At first, nortriptyline 50 mg and 5% lidocaine patch were used, which improved the neuropathic pattern. After that, three RPW sessions were conducted at weekly intervals, with energy between 2 and 3 bars, frequency between 5 and 7 hertz. In addition to the area of greatest pain in the plantar fascia, treatment was also applied to the myofascial trigger points of the triceps surae and posterior tibial muscles. Three months after the last RPW session, the patient reported a 90% improvement in pain intensity, without limitations in daily activities. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of differential diagnoses of PF, especially before the indication of RPW in refractory cases. In addition to the neuropathic pattern associated with TTS, neuropathic pain associated with tendinopathies of the lower limbs is common (1/4 of cases) and needs to be identified and treated in conjunction with tendinopathy for a more effective result. Keywords: Chronic pain, Plantar fasciitis, Tarsal tunnel syndrome, Mixed pain, Neuropathic pain, Shockwaves
Dual microwave frequency modulation of the VCSEL injection current for a CPT-based atomic clock
Authors: Vaskovskaya Maria I. , Chuchelov Dmitry S. , Tsygankov Eugene A. , Vassiliev Vitaly V. , Zibrov Sergey A. , Velichansky Vladimir L.
Published: July 2024

Previously, we have proposed a method to control the emission spectrum of the vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) with the synchronized modulation of the injection current at single and doubled frequencies. In this work, the above method is used to improve the metrological characteristics of the coherent population trapping (CPT) resonance in 87Rb. The dual-frequency (DF) modulation reduces the carrier power and suppresses the light shift of the resonance frequency, if it is unattainable with the single-frequency modulation. In addition, a higher resonance contrast is achieved by equalizing the powers of the resonant components of the spectrum.
Optimising primary molecular profiling in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Schouten R. D. , Schouten I. , Schuurbiers M. M. F. , van der Noort V. , Damhuis R. A. M. , van der Heijden E. H. F. M. , Burgers J. A. , Barlo N. P. , van Lindert A. S. R. , Maas K. W. , van den Brand J. J. G. , Smit A. A. J. , van Haarst J. M. W. , van der Maat B. , Schuuring E. , Blaauwgeers H. , Willems S. M. , Monkhorst K. , van den Broek D. , van den Heuvel M. M.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Molecular profiling of NSCLC is essential for optimising treatment decisions, but often incomplete. We assessed the efficacy of protocolised molecular profiling in the current standard-of-care (SoC) in a prospective observational study in the Netherlands and measured the effect of providing standardised diagnostic procedures. We also explored the potential of plasma-based molecular profiling in the primary diagnostic setting.

Methods

This multi-centre prospective study was designed to explore the performance of current clinical practice during the run-in phase using local SoC tissue profiling procedures. The subsequent phase was designed to investigate the extent to which comprehensive molecular profiling (CMP) can be maximized by protocolising tumour profiling. Successful molecular profiling was defined as completion of at least EGFR and ALK testing. Additionally, PD-L1 tumour proportions scores were explored. Lastly, the additional value of centralised plasma-based testing for EGFR and KRAS mutations using droplet digital PCR was evaluated.

Results

Total accrual was 878 patients, 22.0% had squamous cell carcinoma and 78.0% had non-squamous NSCLC. Stage I-III was seen in 54.0%, stage IV in 46.0%. Profiling of EGFR and ALK was performed in 69.9% of 136 patients included in the run-in phase, significantly more than real-world data estimates of 55% (p<0.001). Protocolised molecular profiling increased the rate to 77.0% (p = 0.049). EGFR and ALK profiling rates increased from 77.9% to 82.1% in non-squamous NSCLC and from 43.8% to 57.5% in squamous NSCLC. Plasma-based testing was feasible in 98.4% and identified oncogenic driver mutations in 7.1% of patients for whom tissue profiling was unfeasible.

Conclusion

This study shows a high success rate of tissue-based molecular profiling that was significantly improved by a protocolised approach. Tissue-based profiling remains unfeasible for a substantial proportion of patients. Combined analysis of tumour tissue and circulating tumour DNA is a promising approach to allow adequate molecular profiling of more patients.
Training and provision of mobility aids to promote autonomy and mobility of older patients in a geriatric emergency department: A protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Polesel Fernanda Sato , Denadai Sâmia , Aliberti Márlon Juliano Romero , Morinaga Christian Valle , Andrade-Junior Mario Chueire de , Madalena Itiana Cardoso , Yamaguti Wellington Pereira , Curiati Pedro Kallas , Righetti Renato Fraga
Published: July 2024

Older adults have higher rates of emergency department (ED) admissions when compared to their younger counterparts. Mobility is the ability to move around, but also encompasses the environment and the ability to adapt to it. Walking aids can be used to improve mobility and prevent falls. According to international guidelines, they must be available in Geriatric EDs. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a program of training and provision of walking aids (WA), associated or not with telemonitoring, on fear of falling, mobility, quality of life and risk of falls up to 3 and 6 months in older adults cared for in an ED. A randomized controlled trial will be carried out in the ED. Participants will be randomized and allocated into three groups, as follows: A) walking aid group will be trained for the use of a walking aid and receive guidance on safe gait; B) walking aid and telemonitoring group will receive training for the use of a walking aid, guidance on safe gait, and telemonitoring (every two weeks for first three months); C) Control group will receive only guidance on safe gait. Patients will undergo a baseline evaluation encompassing sociodemographic and clinical data, mobility in life spaces, gait speed, muscle strength, functionality, quality of life, fear of falling, history of falls, cognition and mood before the intervention. Gait time and fear of falling will be assessed again after the intervention in ED. Finally, mobility in life spaces, functionality, quality of life, fear of falling, history of falls, cognition, and mood will be assessed 3 and 6 months after discharge from the geriatric ED through a telephone interview. Provision of walking aids in the geriatric ED is currently recommended. This study will be the first randomized controlled trial that will evaluate the impact of training and provision of these devices in the ED.

Trial registration number: NCT05950269.
The association between flooring materials and childhood asthma: A prospective birth cohort in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Authors: Iwata Hiroyoshi , Ikeda Atsuko , Itoh Mariko , Itoh Sachiko , Ketema Rahel Mesfin , Tamura Naomi , Miyashita Chihiro , Yamaguchi Takeshi , Yamazaki Keiko , Yamamoto Rieko , Tojo Maki , Saijo Yasuaki , Ito Yoshiya , Kishi Reiko ,   the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) Group
Published: July 2024

Background

Childhood asthma is known to be affected by a range of factors, including conditions in the indoor environment. While flooring material influences indoor air conditions, the potential association between flooring materials and childhood asthma remains poorly understood in Japan.

Objective

The present study aims to assess the association between childhood asthma incidence and the primary flooring material with the ongoing prospective nationwide birth cohort data of the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS).

Methods

The JECS gathered data on mothers and children through 15 Regional Centres across Japan. The present study assessed flooring materials used in the home and asthma incidence at age four among children born between 2011 and 2014. We implemented logistic regressions, setting asthma incidence among the children as the outcome and home floor type as the exposure. Additional analyses were conducted, stratifying the home’s age as a proxy for tatami age, to assess whether the potential effect of tatami flooring on asthma risk is influenced by its age.

Results

The present study included total of 75,629 infants. For tatami flooring, the main multivariable regression and additional sub-group regression for homes over ten years old produced odds ratios of 1.09; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [1.01–1.17] and 1.10; 95% CI [1.00–1.21] compared with flooring, respectively.

Conclusion

These results imply that exposure to tatami flooring, particularly in older homes, may be associated with childhood asthma incidence. Moreover, our study highlights the importance of evaluating the relationship between regional and cultural differences between asthma and flooring materials.
Examining body appreciation in six countries: The impact of age and sociocultural pressure
Authors: Hanson Louise Nicole , Gott Alexis , Tomsett Megan , Useh Elozino , Yeadon-Caiger Eloise , Clay Rachel , Fan Jiamin , Hui Kennice , Wang Hongdi , Evans Elizabeth Helen , Cowie Dorothy , Boothroyd Lynda Gaynor
Published: July 2024

Previous research on body appreciation across the lifespan has produced conflicting results that it increases with age, decreases with age, or is generally stable with an increase in women over 50-years-old. Furthermore, most of the research has been conducted in White, Western populations. Cross-cultural research suggests that both Chinese and African women experience similar sociocultural pressures as White Western women, and that appearance ideals are shifting to resemble a more Western ideal. We cross-sectionally and cross-culturally examined body appreciation across the lifespan, recruiting White Western women (UK, USA, Canada, and Australia), Black Nigerian women, and Chinese women. 1186 women aged 18–80 completed measures of body appreciation, internalisation of thin and athletic ideals, and perceived sociocultural pressure. Body appreciation did not vary with age in women from any country. Nigerian women reported the highest body appreciation, and Western women the lowest. Higher thin/athletic ideal internalisation, and higher perceived sociocultural pressure were significantly associated with lower body appreciation in all countries and age-groups. Overall, our findings indicate that although levels of body appreciation differ drastically between ethnicities and cultures, it is generally stable across age, and shows cross-culturally robust relationships between sociocultural internalisation and pressure.
Evaluation of ChatGPT as a diagnostic tool for medical learners and clinicians
Authors: Hadi Ali , Tran Edward , Nagarajan Branavan , Kirpalani Amrit
Published: July 2024

Background

ChatGPT is a large language model (LLM) trained on over 400 billion words from books, articles, and websites. Its extensive training draws from a large database of information, making it valuable as a diagnostic aid. Moreover, its capacity to comprehend and generate human language allows medical trainees to interact with it, enhancing its appeal as an educational resource. This study aims to investigate ChatGPT’s diagnostic accuracy and utility in medical education.

Methods

150 Medscape case challenges (September 2021 to January 2023) were inputted into ChatGPT. The primary outcome was the number (%) of cases for which the answer given was correct. Secondary outcomes included diagnostic accuracy, cognitive load, and quality of medical information. A qualitative content analysis was also conducted to assess its responses.

Results

ChatGPT answered 49% (74/150) cases correctly. It had an overall accuracy of 74%, a precision of 48.67%, sensitivity of 48.67%, specificity of 82.89%, and an AUC of 0.66. Most answers were considered low cognitive load 51% (77/150) and most answers were complete and relevant 52% (78/150).

Discussion

ChatGPT in its current form is not accurate as a diagnostic tool. ChatGPT does not necessarily give factual correctness, despite the vast amount of information it was trained on. Based on our qualitative analysis, ChatGPT struggles with the interpretation of laboratory values, imaging results, and may overlook key information relevant to the diagnosis. However, it still offers utility as an educational tool. ChatGPT was generally correct in ruling out a specific differential diagnosis and providing reasonable next diagnostic steps. Additionally, answers were easy to understand, showcasing a potential benefit in simplifying complex concepts for medical learners. Our results should guide future research into harnessing ChatGPT’s potential educational benefits, such as simplifying medical concepts and offering guidance on differential diagnoses and next steps.
Exploration of alive-and-ventilator free days as an outcome measure for clinical trials of Resuscitative interventions
Authors: Moskowitz Ari , Xie Xianhong , Gong Michelle Ng , Wang Henry E. , Andrea Luke , Lo Yungtai , Kim Mimi ,   for the Hospital Airway Resuscitation Trial Investigators
Published: July 2024

Background

Outcome selection is a critically important aspect of clinical trial design. Alive-and-ventilator free days is an outcome measure commonly used in critical care clinical trials, but has not been fully explored in resuscitation science.

Methods

A simulation study was performed to explore approaches to the definition and analysis of alive-and-ventilator free days in cardiac arrest populations. Data from an in-hospital cardiac arrest observational cohort and from the Pragmatic Airway Resuscitation Trial were used to inform and conduct the simulations and validate approaches to alive-and-ventilator free days measurement and analysis.

Findings

Alive-and-ventilator-free days is a flexible outcome measure in cardiac arrest populations. An approach to alive-and-ventilator free days that assigns -1 days when return of spontaneous circulation is not achieved provides a wider distribution of the outcome and improves statistical power. The optimal approach to the analysis of alive-and-ventilator free days varies based on the expected impact of the intervention under study on rates of return of spontaneous circulation, survival, and ventilator-free survival.

Conclusions

Alive-and-ventilator free days adds to the armamentarium of clinical trialists in the field of resuscitation science.
The Superhero Multiverse: Readapting Comic Book Icons in Twenty-First-Century Film and Popular Media, Lorna Piatti-Farnell (ed.) (2022)
Authors: Ibarra Enrique Ajuria
Published: July 2024

Review of: The Superhero Multiverse: Readapting Comic Book Icons in Twenty-First-Century Film and Popular Media, Lorna Piatti-Farnell (ed.) (2022)

London: Lexington, 313 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-79362-459-8, h/bk, AUD 195

ISBN 978-1-79362-461-1, p/bk, AUD 79.90
Exploring the paradox: Perceptions of AI in higher education – a study of hype and scandal
Authors: Cinque Toija
Published: July 2024

In the rapidly evolving field of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), the introduction of OpenAI’s ChatGPT-4 signifies a noteworthy juncture economically, in workplaces, and in education. This article explores the dual public perception of GenAI as both promising and controversial, especially in higher education. The study is rooted in ‘information ecologies’ to understand the integration and implications of new technologies in educational settings. Employing a ‘multiplicity’ method, the article emphasizes a self-reflexive, context-sensitive approach, utilizing digital ethnography and auto-ethnographic narratives to analyse the nuanced public perception and its effects on the use of AI in academia. The research underlines the importance of a balanced integration of AI, aiming for students to become proficient in managing AI products, which is essential for aligning educational practices with modern workplace demands.
Censuras
Authors: Lisboa João Luís
Published: July 2024

In this chapter, the historicity of concepts and practices of censorship are discussed and the close relationship between the installing of the press and the forms that censorship adopted throughout the sixteenth century is underlined. It is intended to show how censorship practices are associated with specific times, conflicts and identifiable fears, but also with specific forms of expression. Being an instrument and a manifestation of power, it is distinct in its objects, in its modalities and in its meanings.
Frei Manuel do Cenáculo e a Real Mesa Censória: na hora da despedida
Authors: Martins Maria Teresa Payan
Published: July 2024

Based on an autograph entry of the Diary of Dom Frei Manuel do Cenáculo, we can reconstruct the last days lived in Lisbon by the destitute President of the Royal Censorship Bureau before leaving to Beja, to exercise the prelate functions of his Bishopric there. From his words, we can highlight the collapse of an era in which he had been a leading figure, standing out his moral greatness in the face of adversity.
Mujeres y paisaje. Recorridos por una práctica holística y el caso de Cataluña
Authors: Arias Laurino Daniela , Muxí Martínez Zaida
Published: July 2024

Históricamente, las mujeres han encontrado diversas maneras para redefinir y revalorizar los entornos naturales. Propuestas que han estado caracterizadas por la representación, recalificación o resignificación de la naturaleza, trascendiendo a la cuestión de forma, belleza o al puro aprovechamiento visual para enfocarse en una comprensión real y compleja: la necesaria interacción y dependencia que tenemos los seres humanos como especie, con otras especies, y con el ecosistema. Conceptos como la simbología, el bien común, la memoria, la participación, los espacios propios para la creación y el entendimiento, y también para el desarrollo personal y colectivo, hilvanan la primera parte del presente artículo a través de distintas formas de aproximación a la naturaleza, la mayoría de ellas no reconocidas en absoluto por la historiografía de la arquitectura y el paisajismo, que las ha relegado de sus discursos hegemónicos y, por tanto, a una condición periférica. Se trata, sin embargo, de una selección histórica de posiciones políticas a través del paisaje: proyectos pensados desde la experiencia y desde la práctica de mujeres paisajistas, arquitectas, artistas o activistas motivadas por valores integrales y de fondo para un uso igualitario de los espacios naturales. Se propone un segundo apartado que arriba en el caso concreto del diseño del paisaje realizado por mujeres en Cataluña. Una breve antología, con el propósito de reivindicar actuaciones y protagonistas para ser analizadas desde claves comunes con los relatos históricos de la primera parte. La arquitectura del paisaje en Cataluña es actualmente un ámbito consolidado y reconocido profesional y académicamente. Existen estructuras y mecanismos al servicio de su especialización, así como ofertas educativas, observatorios institucionales y organismos internacionales enfocados en el ámbito del paisaje y los retos futuros. De la denominada Escuela de Barcelona y su posterior contexto sociopolítico y académico, surgieron relatos y expresiones arquitectónicas de mujeres egresadas o influenciadas por dicha Escuela que son origen y legado de la práctica y la teoría sobre el paisaje.
Women Architects and Their Works in the Autonomous Region of Madrid, 1978-2008
Authors: Gutiérrez Mozo María Elia , Parker San José Sofía
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the periphery of the very centre of the architectural system in Spain, considering the work of women architects in the Autonomous Region of Madrid (Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid), the province of its capital, in the period 1978-2008, i. e., between the democratic restoration and the global financial crisis. The approach is threefold. Firstly, a quantitative analysis, according to various parameters, of a sufficiently representative sample (more than a hundred cases) of this female-authored production, either solo or in collaboration with other women colleagues. Secondly, an analysis of the presence of women and their works in the architectural media in terms of the prestige they represent. Thirdly, an evaluation based on a qualitative approach of these works, the account of their differential features, and the identification of the very interests that women architects expressed through them. To this end, a methodology is implemented that includes the collection of bibliographic sources, a call to the architects to invite them to submit their projects and field work, by visiting and collecting data from most of the works. The results reveal that most of their professional practice that solo and is mainly based on residential works—the most recognised— followed by interventions in public spaces. Most of the works correspond to new construction and are concentrated, in time, in the 1990s and, in space, to the south and east of both the capital and the wider Madrid Region. The work of women architects has hardly been reported in professional journals, although it has been more widely disseminated in institutional publications, especially in the case of female civil servants. Qualitatively, the attention paid to the programme, especially to the common and intermediate spaces, the suitability of the technical means to the ends and the context, the care taken in the design of inclusive public spaces and the commitment to sustainability are striking. All this speaks volumes about the value of authors and architectures that, even in the center itself, are relegated to the periphery. It is a political and cultural system, which gender-based research challenges to propose hopeful alternatives for the discipline.
¿Qué es una mujer? Fenomenología del cuerpo femenino en el pensamiento de Simone de Beauvoir
Authors: Aránguez Sánchez Tasia
Published: July 2024

El objeto de este trabajo es el pensamiento de Simone de Beauvoir relativo a la corporalidad, así como sus reflexiones concernientes a la pregunta «¿qué es una mujer?» Nuestro objetivo será mostrar que la frase «no se nace mujer, se llega a serlo» ha sido erróneamente interpretada por fuentes posestructuralistas como Judith Butler, con la pretensión de reafirmar sus propios postulados. La metodología empleada en este trabajo es la hermenéutica crítica, dado que partiremos de la lectura comparada de distintas fuentes filosóficas. Butler defiende que tanto el sexo como el género son cuestiones completamente culturales y que, por tanto, las mujeres serían una construcción lingüística. En cambio, la filósofa francesa no concibe que la mujer, la hembra humana, sea reductible a un producto cultural o lingüístico. También podemos descartar de plano que Beauvoir suscriba una definición de «mujer» que se remita a su posición como sujeto subordinado de la sociedad. La filósofa francesa sostiene que, cuando la sociedad alcance la igualdad entre los sexos, las diferencias anatómicas subsistirán. Asimismo, para De Beauvoir la mujer no puede ser definida por la feminidad, puesto que esta no es un atributo de las mujeres, sino una invención del hombre que podría proyectarse incluso sobre un objeto inanimado o sobre un varón. La feminidad ha sido hecha a la medida de la hembra para mantenerla sujeta, inhibiendo el libre desarrollo de la identidad de la mujer. La conclusión que extraemos en este trabajo es que la interpretación de Butler resulta contraria a la fenomenología del cuerpo femenino que vertebra la obra de Simone de Beauvoir. La fenomenología existencialista de Simone de Beauvoir se centra en la importancia de la experiencia corporal, que es la forma humana de habitar el mundo. Para ejemplificarlo, De Beauvoir reflexionó sobre la relevancia vital de experiencias del cuerpo sexuado como las relativas a la vulva, el coito, el himen, la pubertad, las molestias de la menstruación y la menopausia, entre otras.
La controversia por la educación entre clericalismo y anticlericalismo en la prensa zaragozana del primer bienio republicano
Authors: Zugasti Ricardo
Published: July 2024

Este trabajo analiza los discursos clerical y anticlerical que, acerca del conflicto educativo, difundieron cuatro periódicos zaragozanos en el primer bienio republicano: El Pilar, semanario católico sin adscripción partidista concreta; El Lunes, cabecera oficial del carlismo; Vida Nueva, órgano del Partido Socialista; y El Radical, publicación de las juventudes del Partido Republicano Radical. En concreto, el corpus hemerográfico abarca lo publicado en el periodo de mayor efervescencia de la controversia por la enseñanza durante la Segunda República, desde el comienzo de la tramitación parlamentaria de la Ley de Confesiones y Congregaciones religiosas hasta la movilización católica que provocó la aprobación de esta (febrero-junio de 1933). Se trataba de la ley que impedía a las órdenes religiosas dedicarse al ejercicio de la enseñanza. Los resultados muestran que tanto la prensa clerical como la anticlerical buscaron fijar en los imaginarios de sus respectivos lectores marcos interpretativos y argumentos que construyesen sendas identidades opuestas y enfrentadas, la católica y la anticlerical, para que sirvieran como palancas de la movilización popular. Mientras que en la prensa anticlerical el marco interpretativo común dominante fue que la educación confesional suponía un peligro para la República que debía ser conjurado, en la católica lo fue el de ser víctimas de una injusta y sectaria persecución gubernamental.
Poniendo rostro a Antoinette. Género, sindicalismo y antifranquismo en Francia (1963-1965)
Authors: Negrete Peña Rocío
Published: July 2024

A partir de una entrevista realizada por investigadoras francesas a Francisca Merchán en 2004, en este artículo seguimos los pasos de una publicación periódica editada por mujeres de la antigua Unión de Mujeres Antifascistas Españolas en Francia en la década de 1960. Bajo el nombre de Antoinette. Bulletin d’Information en langue espagnole de la CGT, este magazine femenino en español, publicado con el apoyo de la CGT y la Union des Femmes Françaises, evitaba la censura impuesta a las organizaciones comunistas españolas en Francia tras la operación Boléro-Paprika. En sus páginas, encontramos una combinación de un discurso sobre el interior de España, en la línea de las organizaciones políticas en el exilio, con contenidos de carácter laboral y sindical dentro de una política de la CGT francesa hacia la clase obrera migrante con títulos como Unidad, pero en este caso dirigido específicamente a las mujeres. Así, Antoinette recogía temáticas propias de las organizaciones antifranquistas, especialmente femeninas, como la denuncia internacional al régimen (asesinato de Julián Grimau), de las condiciones de vida y también reportajes sobre las huelgas y movilizaciones obreras en España (huelgas en las cuencas mineras asturianas). Por otro lado, se dirigía al público inmigrante en Francia y a las mujeres trabajadoras en sectores como el servicio doméstico, con un discurso sindical en el que les informaban de sus derechos laborales, ofrecían asesoría y reproducían conflictos donde las mujeres españolas aparecían como sujetos del movimiento obrero.
VILCHES, Jorge, La Primera República Española (1873-1874). De la utopía al caos. Madrid, Espasa, 2023, 655 pp.
Authors: Pérez Alonso Jorge
Published: July 2024

Reseña del libro: Vilches, Jorge, La Primera República Española (1873-1874). De la utopía al caos. Madrid, Espasa, 2023, 655 pp. ISBN: 978-84-67068-74-0.
Effective Stance in Conservative Newspaper Opinion Articles on Irregular Immigration and Refugee Humanitarian Crises
Authors: Carretero Marta , Domínguez Romero Elena
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a quantitative and contrastive analysis of expressions of effective stance in conservative newspaper opinion articles related to irregular immigration and humanitarian crises involving refugees in both English and Spanish contexts. Drawing upon the seminal works of Langacker (2013) and Marín-Arrese (2021a, 2021b, 2023), the study examines six fundamental categories of effective stance expressions established according to factors such as orientation towards self or others, degree of control about the realisation of the event, and agreement with social norms. The dataset under examination comprises a 120,000-word corpus of opinion articles obtained from two conservative newspapers, The Telegraph from the United Kingdom and El Mundo from Spain. The words are evenly distributed, with each newspaper contributing 30,000 words in articles pertaining to three humanitarian crises involving refugees: Syria (2015), Afghanistan (2021), and Ukraine (2022-2023), and 30,000 words relating to articles on irregular immigration coinciding in time with each of the three refugee crises. The primary objective of the paper is to discern notable differences between the two newspapers and across the different refugee and irregular immigration crises under investigation. The analysis of the results, which uncover a larger number of effective stance expressions in the English subcorpus as well as distributional differences of subcategories across the subcorpora in both languages, provides a valuable understanding of the intricate patterns of usage and distribution of effective stance expressions within the realm of newspaper discourse, thereby enriching our comprehension of journalistic portrayals concerning the complexity of refugee crises and migratory movements.