bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crisis matrimoniales, imperatividad de la norma de conflicto y Derecho extranjero = Marital crisis, imperativeness of the choice of law rule and Foreign Law
Authors: Carrillo Pozo Luis F.
Published: October 2018

Resumen: El sistema español de tratamiento de la ley extranjera se construye sobre tres pilares, el que sanciona la imperatividad de la norma de conflicto, las reglas sobre medios de prueba y la previsión de las consecuencias de la falta de prueba de tal ley. La interacción de estos pilares debe traducirse en respuestas diferenciadas según el sector del Derecho en el que nos encontremos. En los procesos matrimoniales no existe espacio para la libertad de los particulares y sí fuertes intereses públicos, lo que significa que el órgano judicial tiene que aplicar no sólo la norma de conflicto sino también el ordenamiento reclamado por ésta, investigándolo de oficio si no lo aportan los litigantes. Único condicionante es el respeto del contradictorio y la interdicción de la indefensión.Palabras clave: procesos matrimoniales, derecho extranjero, imperatividad de la norma de con-flicto, reglamentos europeos.Abstract: The Spanish system of procedural treatment of foreign law is built on three main pillars: the one which sanctions the imperativeness of the choice of law rule, the rules on means of evidence, and the forecast of the consequences of the lack of evidence of such a law. The interaction of these pillars has has to be translated into differentiated responses according to the material sector of the Law in which we find ourselves. In matrimonial proceedings there is no room for the freedom of individuals, because of the strong public interests. Consequently, this means that the judicial body has to apply not only the conflict rule, but also the regulation claimed by it, even investigating it ex officio if it has not been brought by any of the parties. The only constrains are the respect of the right to an adversarial proceeding and the interdiction of the lack of defence.Keywords: matrimonial causes, Foreign Law, mandatory application of the Choice of Laws Ru-les, EU Regulations.
Nullità e conformazione dei contratti di impresa ad opera delle autorità indipendenti = Nullity and conformation of business contracts by authorities
Authors: Fauceglia Domenico
Published: October 2018

Riassunto: Sin dall’avvento nel sistema istituzionale italiano delle c.d. Autorità indipendenti, al-le quali è attribuito il potere di regolare settori sensibili del mercato (domain sensibles), si è posta l’attenzione sulla particolare interferenza tra regolazione del mercato e di-sciplina dei contratti. In parti­colare, le Autorità indipendenti godono di un potere re-golamentare abbastanza variegato: la legge attri­buisce alle Authorities i poteri di defi-nire i procedimenti di formazione e conclusione, nonché la forma e il contenuto mi-nimo dei contratti. In relazione a questi ultimi poteri, si cercherà, con tale contributo, di esaminare le ipotesi di nullità negoziale derivanti dalla difformità dei contratti ri-spetto ai regolamenti delle Autorità Indipendenti, nonché le ipotesi di eteroregola-mentazione dei contratti ad opera dei rego­lamenti delle Autorità Indipendenti.Parole chiavi: contratto, mercato, autorità indipendenti, nullità dei contratti, integrazione contrat-tuale, contratti d’impresa, contratti bancari, contratti finanziari.Abstract: Since the inclusion in the Italian institutional system of the c.d. Independent authori-ties, which are given the power to regulate sensitive sectors of the market (domain sensibles), attention has been focused on the particular interference between market regulation and contract discipline. In particular, the Authorities have quite a varied regulatory power: the law gives the Authorities the power to define the starting and conclusion procedures, as well as the form and minimum content of the con­tracts. In relation to these last powers, we will try, with this contribution, to examine the hy-pothesis of negotiation nullity deriving from the non-conformity of the contracts with the regulations of the Inde­pendent Authorities, as well as the hypothesis of external regulation of the contracts by the regulations of Independent Authorities.Keywords: contract, market, independent authorities, nullity of contracts, contractual inte-gration, business contract, banking contracts, financial contracts.
La precisión del lugar habitual de trabajo como foro de competencia y punto de conexión en los reglamentos europeos = The determination of the habitual place of work as jurisdiction rule and as connecting point in the European regulations
Authors: Iriarte Ángel José Luis
Published: October 2018

Resumen: La finalidad de este trabajo es identificar y analizar los indicios que las autoridades judiciales de la Unión Europea utilizan para determinar el lugar habitual de trabajo, como foro de com­petencia judicial internacional y como punto de conexión, en los casos en que el mismo es impreciso, porque el trabajador realiza sus funciones en varios países. También se estudian los principales índices que la jurisprudencia europea ha rechazado o aquellos cuya utilidad ha matizado. El estudio es eminen­temente casuístico y se articula a través de las sentencias del TJUE y las conclusiones de los distintos Abogados Generales.Palabras clave: contrato de trabajo internacional, precisión del lugar habitual de trabajo, método indiciario, indicios empleados por la jurisprudencia, indicios matizados, indicios rechazados.Abstract: The purpose of this paper is the identification and analysis of the indicia used by the judicial authorities of the European Union to determine the habitual place of work, as forum of interna­tional jurisdiction and as connecting point, in cases where it is diffuse because the employee performs his duties in several countries. It will also be analyzed the main indicia rejected by the European Court of Justice, or those whose usefulness has been qualified. This work is mainly casuistic and it is framed through the judgments of the ECJ and the conclusions of different General Advocates.Keywords: international employment contract, accuracy of the habitual place of work, circumstan­tial method, indicia used by the Case Law, nuanced indicia, rejected indicia.
El centro de intereses de la persona jurídica: comentario a la sentencia del TJUE de 17 de octubre de 2017, Bolagsupplysningen Oü, Ingrid Ilsjan y Svensk Handel ab, c-194/16 = Centre of interests of that person: comments to the CJUE judgement of 17 octuber 2017, Bolagsupplysningen Oü, Ingrid Ilsjan y Svensk Handel ab, c-194/16
Authors: Merchán Murillo Antonio
Published: October 2018

Resumen: La Sentencia TJUE de 17 de octubre de 2017, Bolagsupplysningen Oü, Ingrid Ilsjan y Svensk Handel Ab, asunto C-194/16, recoge una nueva interpretación del artículo 7,2 del Reglamento 1215/2012, en relación con las obligaciones extracontractuales, determinando que las personas jurídicas pueden presentar una demanda por vulneración de sus derechos de personalidad ante los tribunales del Estado miembro donde se encuentra su centro de intereses. Este centro de interés vendrá determinado por el lugar en el que ejerce la parte esencial de su actividad económica.Palabras clave: Reglamento 1215/2012, obligaciones extracontractuales, derechos de la persona­lidad, centro de interés.Abstract: The CJUE judgement of 17 Octuber 2017, Bolagsupplysningen OÜ, Ingrid Ilsjan y Svensk Handel Ab, C-194/16, refers to a new interpretation regarding Art. 7,2 of Regulation 1215/2012, in relation to non-contractual obligations, and determines that legal persons can file a claim for violation of their personality rights before the Member State’s courts where they locate their center of interests. This center of interest will be determined by the place where the essential part of its economic activity is exercised.Keywords: Regulation 1215/2012, non-contractual obligations, rights relating to personality, cen­ter of interest.
Neurociencias y psicoterapia: mecanismo top- down y bottom-up.
Authors: Valdivieso-Jiménez Glauco , Macedo-Orrego Luis
Published: October 2018

Se examina el fenómeno clínico conocido como “fatiga”, resumiendo los principales hallazgos vinculados a su definición y aspectos históricos, información epidemiológica, conceptos neuroanatómicos y descripción psicopatológica. Las correlaciones entre los distintos tipos de daño estructural y funcional son numerosas generando dudas en torno a la existencia del síntoma y planteándose entonces una redefinición. La búsqueda de mecanismos fisiopatológicos y objetivos terapéuticos evidencian también el interés de los investigadores. La fatiga causa una carga ingente en la salud global debido a la disfuncionalidad resultante, por lo que se sugiere una variedad de análisis psicométricos y categorización de los componentes conocidos a fin de dejar atrás todos los elementos de confusión encontrados previamente. Finalmente, se plantea la necesidad de que futuros estudios, luego de definir qué es lo que realmente está detrás de fatiga, identifiquen marcadores biológicos y busquen daños estructurales micro- o macroscópicos de forma tal que se pueda mejorar la calidad de vida de la población que la padece.
The Arctic ice melting confirms the new theory
Authors: Sartori Ernani
Published: October 2018

The new theory shows that the global and the Arctic atmospheres behave as an open atmosphere (few clouds) or as a ‘closed’ atmosphere (fully cloudy), which explains the Arctic ice melting. Within the closed atmosphere the solar radiation, wind and evaporation are reduced while the water and air temperatures and the humidity increase. Real data confirm these effects for the planet and for the Arctic. Many authors did not understand these apparent inconsistencies, but this paper solves many intriguing problems, and provides solutions that led the present author to discover the new hydrological cycle. Some human activities increase the formation of clouds and precipitation or of droughts. The sun is not the only heat source for the atmosphere. Several real data confirm that clouds have increased over decades globally and at the Arctic. These intensifications also confirm the operation of the new hydrological cycle and of the Sartori theory. Many real data show that while the Arctic ice has melted, the cloud cover has pushed the temperatures up above freezing and has raised them by 2–3 °C compared to cloudless skies as well as acting to warm the Arctic for most of the annual cycles.
Study on the metabolites of DH-e, a Halomonas marine bacterium, against three toxic dinoflagellate species
Authors: Wang Di , Xie Liling , Zhu Xingbiao , Bi Xiao , Zheng Yuzhong , Zhu Yankun
Published: October 2018

Algicidal bacteria play an important role in mitigating harmful algal blooms (HABs). In the study, five bacterial strains were isolated from the East China Sea. One strain of algicidal bacterium, named DH-e, was found to selectively inhibit the motor ability of Prorocentrum donghaiense, Alexandrium tamarense (ATDH-47) and Karenia mikimotoi Hansen. Both 16S rDNA sequence analysis and morphological characteristics revealed that the algicidal DH-e bacterium belonged to Halomonas. Furthermore, results showed that the metabolites in the DH-e cell-free filtrate could kill algae directly, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the bacterial metabolites on the cells of the three dinoflagellate species ranged from 35.0–70.0 μg/mL. Following short-term inhibitory tests, the dinoflagellates in mixed crude extract solution (0.7 mg/mL) ceased movement after 5 min. The algicidal mechanism of the metabolites was investigated through enzyme activities, including that of catalase (CAT), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), acetone peroxide (T-ATP) synthetase and nitrite reductase (NR). Results indicated that metabolites did not disrupt the energy or nutrient routes of the algae (P > 0.05), but did initiate an increase in free radicals in the algal cells, which might explain the subsequent death of sensitive algae. Thus, the metabolites of the DH-e bacterium showed promising potential for controlling HABs.
PH Professional Network: Drug-Drug Interactions: Treatment Considerations for Pulmonary Hypertension Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus and/or Hepatitis C
Authors: Housten Traci , Duvall Laura , Srinivas Pavithra
Published: October 2018

Managing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) treatment is a complex balance of achieving the desired medication effect versus maintaining safe and tolerable side effects for the patient. The “balancing act” intensifies when PAH patients are faced with multiple disease states that require treatment medication. This article will focus on the drug-drug interactions that must be considered in PAH patients with concomitant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.
Nanomedicine for Gene Delivery for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Yan Cen , Quan Xiao-Jiang , Feng Ying-Mei
Published: October 2018

Background:

Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most severe ischemic heart disease and directly
leads to heart failure till death. Target molecules have been identified in the event of MI including
increasing angiogenesis, promoting cardiomyocyte survival, improving heart function and restraining
inflammation and myocyte activation and subsequent fibrosis. All of which are substantial in cardiomyocyte
protection and preservation of cardiac function.

Methodology:

To modulate target molecule expression, virus and non-virus-mediated gene transfer
have been investigated. Despite successful in animal models of MI, virus-mediated gene transfer is
hampered by poor targeting efficiency, low packaging capacity for large DNA sequences, immunogenicity
induced by virus and random integration into the human genome.

Discussion:

Nanoparticles could be synthesized and equipped on purpose for large-scale production.
They are relatively small in size and do not incorporate into the genome. They could carry DNA and
drug within the same transfer. All of these properties make them an alternative strategy for gene transfer.
In the review, we first introduce the pathological progression of MI. After concise discussion on
the current status of virus-mediated gene therapy in treating MI, we overview the history and development
of nanoparticle-based gene delivery system. We point out the limitations and future perspective
in the field of nanoparticle vehicle.

Conclusion:

Ultimately, we hope that this review could help to better understand how far we are with
nanoparticle-facilitated gene transfer strategy and what obstacles we need to solve for utilization of
nanomedicine in the treatment of MI.
Asymmetric Changes in Limbic Cortex and Planum Temporale in Patients with Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Kutová M. , Mrzílková J. , Riedlová J. , Zach P.
Published: October 2018

Background:

There are several cortical areas related to the limbic system that form the output
from the hippocampal formation whose cellular and morphological features are important for the onset
and progression of AD. We hypothesized that there would be a significant difference in the size of cortical
pyramidal neurons and that there would also be a hemispheric asymmetry between Alzheimer disease
patients and controls. These differences would potentially be accompanied by an increase in the
numbers of Fluoro-Jade B-positive degenerating cortical neurons and a corresponding decrease in the
numbers of DAPI-stained cortical neuronal nuclei in subjects with AD compared to controls. Such
changes could potentially be used as another marker in postmortem neuropathological diagnosis of AD.

Methods:

We measured absolute numbers of DAPI and Fluoro-Jade B stained cells in five cortical areas
of the limbic system and four subareas of planum temporale in the post-mortem brains of subjects with
Alzheimer disease. We also measured the size of pyramidal neurons in layer III in the five cortical areas
of the limbic system in these subjects. All measurements were performed separately for the left and right
hemisphere in order to identify asymmetries between the two hemispheres.

Results:

We observed a significant decrease in numbers of DAPI stained cells in layers IV-VI of the
anterior cingulate gyrus on the right side, in layers I-III of the posterior cingulate gyrus on the left side,
in layers IV-VI in the transition region from superior temporal gyrus into planum temporale on the right
and in layers IV-VI in the transition from planum temporale to insular cortex on the left. We also observed
a significant increase in the numbers of Fluoro-Jade stained cells in layers I-III of the anterior
cingulate gyrus and in layers I-III on the left and layers IV-VI of the right gyrus of Heschl. Shortening of
the size of layer III pyramidal neurons in subjects with Alzheimer´s disease was found in the anterior
cingulate gyrus on the right, in the posterior cingulate gyrus and entorhinal cortex on the left and on the
right in the parahippocampal gyrus.

Conclusion:

Our study demonstrates asymmetries in different cortical regions of the temporal lobe that
can be used as another marker in the postmortem diagnosis of AD.
Investigating the Antidepressant-like Effects of some Benzimidazolepiperidine Derivatives by In-Vivo Experimental Methods
Authors: Turan Nazlı , Özkay Ümide Demir , Can Nafiz Öncü , Can Özgür Devrim
Published: October 2018

Background: Benzimidazole and piperidine rings are important pharmacophore groups
for drug design studies.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate the antidepressant-like activity of some 2-(4-
substituted-phenyl)-1-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl]-1H-benzimidazole derivatives.

Methods: Tail-suspension Test (TST) and Modified Forced Swimming Tests (MFST) were used to
assess antidepressant-like activities of the test compounds. Moreover, locomotor activity performances
of the animals were evaluated by an activity cage device.

Results: In the TST and MFST, compounds 2c-2h (10 mg/kg) and the reference drug fluoxetine (20
mg/kg) significantly reduced the immobility time of mice indicating the antidepressant-like activities
of these compounds. Further, in MFST, the same compounds induced significant enhancement
in the duration of active swimming behaviors without affecting the climbing performance of the
animals. This prolongation in the swimming time, similar to fluoxetine, pointed out that antidepressant-
like activity of the compounds 2c-2h might be related to the serotonergic rather than noradrenergic
mechanisms. Besides, results of the activity cage tests demonstrated that none of the tested
compounds caused an alteration in the locomotor activities of mice, signifying that antidepressantlike
effects presented in this study were specific.

Conclusion: In conclusion, results of this present study supported the previous papers reporting the
therapeutic potential of compounds carrying benzimidazole and/or piperidine rings in their structure
and emphasized, once again, the importance of these pharmacophore groups in drug design studies.
(Substituted)-benzo[b]thiophene-4-carboxamide Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity Study
Authors: Pawar Chandrakant Dhondiram , Pansare Dattatraya Navnath , Shinde Devanand Baburao
Published: October 2018

Background:

Thiophene ring forms important building block in medicinal chemistry.
Literature reveals that thiophene ring in combination with different groups shows different activity.
By keeping these things in mind we have designed and synthesized a new series of amide and sulfonamide
coupled thiophene. A series of novel substituted 3-sulfamoylbenzo[b]thiophene-4-
carboxamide molecules containing sulfonamide and amide group were designed, synthesized and
used for anti-proliferative activity study.

Methods:

The final compounds 16-36 were synthesized by using series of reactions comprising
sulfonation, sulfonamide coupling, hydrolysis and peptide coupling. The yields of compounds 16-
36 are in the range of 90-98%. The structures of the synthesized compounds were elucidated and
confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, LCMS and the purity was checked through HPLC analysis. The
compounds were further tested for their in vitro anticancer activity against a series of cell lines
A549, HeLa, MCF-7 and Du-145.

Results:

The intermediates 8-13, 15 and final compounds 16-36 were synthesized in good yields.
The synthesized compounds were further tested for their anticancer activity and most of compounds
showed moderate to good anticancer activity against all four cell lines.

Conclusion:

We have synthesized 21 compounds and were screened for anticancer activity against
MCF-7, HeLa, A-549 and Du-145 cancer cell lines. Most of the compounds were active for tested
cell lines with IC50 value in the range of 1.81 to 9.73 μM. The compounds 18, 19, 21, 25, 30, 31 and
33 are most active in cell line data with IC50 value in the range of 1.81 to 2.52 μM.
Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging-aided Diagnosis of Primary Essential Cutis Verticis Gyrata: A Case Report with 5-year Follow-up and Review of the Literature
Authors: Zhu Hongzhang , Feng Shi-Ting , Zhang Xingqi , Ke Zunfu , Zeng Ruixi , Yang Xufeng , Han Jiande , Zhou Hui
Published: October 2018

Background:

Cutis Verticis Gyrata (CVG) is a rare skin disease caused by overgrowth of
the scalp, presenting as cerebriform folds and wrinkles. CVG can be classified into two forms: primary
(essential and non-essential) and secondary. The primary non-essential form is often associated with
neurological and ophthalmological abnormalities, while the primary essential form occurs without associated
comorbidities.

Discussion:

We report on a rare case of primary essential CVG with a 4-year history of normal-colored
scalp skin mass in the parietal-occipital region without symptom in a 34-year-old male patient, retrospectively
summarizing his pathological and Computer Tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) findings. The major clinical observations on the CT and MR sectional images include a
thickened dermis and excessive growth of the scalp, forming the characteristic scalp folds. With the
help of CT and MRI Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction techniques, the characteristic skin changes
could be displayed intuitively, providing more evidence for a diagnosis of CVG. At the 5-year followup,
there were no obvious changes in the lesion.

Conclusion:

Based on our observations, we propose that not all patients with primary essential CVG
need surgical intervention, and continuous clinical observation should be an appropriate therapy for
those in stable condition.
Synthesis, Anti-inflammatory Activity and Docking Studies of Some Newer 1,3-Thiazolidine-2,4-dione Derivatives as Dual Inhibitors of PDE4 and PDE7
Authors: Sharma Himanshu , Lather Viney , Grewal Ajmer Singh , Pandita Deepti
Published: October 2018

Background: Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) and phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7), PDE superfamily members, increase inflammatory processes in immunomodulatory as well as pro-inflammatory cells via breakdown of cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Dual inhibitors of PDE4 and PDE7 are a novel class of drug candidates which can regulate pro-inflammatory as well as T-cell function and can be particularly advantageous in the treatment of a wide-ranging disorders associated with the immune system as well as inflammatory diseases with fewer unwanted adverse effects.

Objective:

The current research work was planned to design and synthesize some newer substituted 1,3- thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives as dual inhibitors of PDE4 and PDE7 followed by evaluation of their anti-inflammatory activity and in silico docking studies.

Methods:

A new series of substituted 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives was synthesized followed by evaluation of their anti-inflammatory activity in animal models. In silico docking studies were performed for the evaluation of the binding pattern of synthesized derivatives in the binding site of both PDE4 and PDE7 proteins.

Results:

Amongst the newly synthesized derivatives, compounds 5 and 12 showed higher antiinflammatory activity in the animal model. The results of in vivo animal studies were found to be in concordance with the results of molecular docking studies.

Conclusion:

These newly synthesized derivatives can act as the lead molecules for the design of safe and therapeutically effective agents for various inflammatory diseases acting via inhibition of both PDE4 and PDE7.
3D-QSAR and Molecular Docking Studies on Oxadiazole Substituted Benzimidazole Derivatives: Validation of Experimental Inhibitory Potencies Towards COX-2
Authors: Asati Vivek , Ghode Piyush , Bajaj Shalini , Jain Sanmati K. , Bharti Sanjay K.
Published: October 2018

Background:

In past few decades, computational chemistry has seen significant advancements in design and development of novel therapeutics. Benzimidazole derivatives showed promising anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibition of COX-2 enzyme.

Objective:

The structural features necessary for COX-2 inhibitory activity for a series of oxadiazole substituted benzimidazoles were explored through 3D-QSAR, combinatorial library generation (Combi Lab) and molecular docking.

Methods:

3D-QSAR (using kNN-MFA (SW-FB) and PLSR (GA) methods) and Combi Lab studies were performed by using VLife MDS Molecular Design Suite. The molecular docking study was performed by using AutoDockVina.

Results:

Significant QSAR models generated by PLSR exhibited r2 = 0.79, q2 = 0.68 and pred_r2 = 0. 84 values whereas kNN showed q2 = 0.71 and pred_r2 = 0.84. External validation of developed models by various parameters assures their reliability and predictive efficacy. A library of 72 compounds was generated by combinatorial technique in which 11 compounds (A1-A5 and B1-B6) showed better predicted biological activity than the most active compound 27 (pIC50 = 7.22) from the dataset. These compounds showed proximal interaction with amino acid residues like TYR355 and/or ARG120 on COX-2(PDB ID: 4RS0).

Conclusion:

The present work resulted in the design of more potent benzimidazoles as COX-2 inhibitors with good interaction as compared to reference ligand. The results of the study may be helpful in the development of novel COX-2 inhibitors for inflammatory disorders.
Integrin α6 (CD49f), The Microenvironment and Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Bigoni-Ordóñez Gabriele D. , Czarnowski Daniel , Parsons Tyler , Madlambayan Gerard J. , Villa-Diaz Luis G.
Published: October 2018

Cancer is a highly prevalent and potentially terminal disease that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Here, we review the literature exploring the intricacies of stem cells bearing tumorigenic characteristics and collect evidence demonstrating the importance of integrin α6 (ITGA6, also known as CD49f) in cancer stem cell (CSC) activity. ITGA6 is commonly used to identify CSC populations in various tissues and plays an important role sustaining the self-renewal of CSCs by interconnecting them with the tumorigenic microenvironment.
Burden of Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) in Bangladesh: Systematic Review of Existing Literature and Transmission Modelling of Seroprevalence Studies
Authors: Chan Jocelyn , Wu Yue , Wood James , Muhit Mohammad , Mahmood Mohammed K. , Karim Tasneem , Moushumi Farhana , Jones Cheryl A. , Snelling Tom , Khandaker Gulam
Published: October 2018

Background and Objectives:

Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) is the leading cause
of vaccine-preventable congenital anomalies. Comprehensive country-level data on the burden of
CRS in low and middle-income countries, such as Bangladesh, are scarce. This information is essential
for assessing the impact of rubella vaccination programs. We aim to systematically review
the literature on the epidemiology of CRS and estimate the burden of CRS in Bangladesh.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic review of existing literature and transmission modelling of
seroprevalence studies to estimate the pre-vaccine period burden of CRS in Bangladesh. OVID
Medline (1948 – 23 November 2016) and OVID EMBASE (1974 – 23 November 2016) were
searched using a combination of the database-specific controlled vocabulary and free text terms.
We used an age-stratified deterministic model to estimate the pre-vaccination burden of CRS in
Bangladesh.

Findings:

Ten articles were identified, published between 2000 and 2014, including seven crosssectional
studies, two case series and one analytical case-control study. Rubella seropositivity
ranged from 47.0% to 86.0% among all age population. Rubella sero–positivity increased with
age. Rubella seropositivity among women of childbearing age was 81.0% overall. The estimated
incidence of CRS was 0·99 per 1,000 live births, which corresponds to approximately 3,292 CRS
cases annually in Bangladesh.

Conclusion:

The estimated burden of CRS in Bangladesh during the pre-vaccination period was
high. This will provide important baseline information to assess the impact and cost-effectiveness
of routine rubella immunisation, introduced in 2012 in Bangladesh.
Evaluation of Salivary Alkaline Phosphatase and Albumin in HIV Infected Patients: A Historical Cohort Study
Authors: Ahmadi-Motamayel Fatemeh , Vaziri-Amjad Samaneh , Davoodi Poorandokht , Goodarzi Mohammad T. , Poorolajal Jalal
Published: October 2018

Background:

Saliva is a very important complex biological oral fluid .Antioxidants are present in all body fluids. Uric acid, albumin and vitamins are some of the non- enzymatic molecular antioxidants. Alkaline phosphatase is related to cell injury and death.

Objective:

The aim of this study was the evaluation of salivary alkaline phosphatase and albumin level in HIV positive patients in comparison to healthy control group.

Methods:

Case groups were 49 HIV positive subjects, compared with 49 healthy control group. Oral clinical examination was carried out. Five ml unstimulated whole saliva was collected during 5 min with the Navazesh method. Alkaline phosphatase was determined by spectrophotometric assay. Albumin was assessed by the nephelometric method.

Results:

The results of this study showed significantly lower salivary albumin in the case group in comparison to healthy control group (p= 0.001). HIV positive group had greater alkaline phosphatase than the healthy control group. However, this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.458).

Conclusion:

Salivary albumin level was significantly decreased and salivary alkaline phosphatase level slightly increased in HIV positive patients in comparison to healthy control group. All of the HIV infected patients were in early phase of HIV infection with normal immune status. More research is needed to estimate these enzymes changes in late phase of HIV infection and AIDS step.
Epigenetics in Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Role of Histone Deacetylases
Authors: Sharma Sorabh , Sarathlal K.C. , Taliyan Rajeev
Published: October 2018

Background & Objective:

Imbalance in histone acetylation levels and consequently the
dysfunction in transcription are associated with a wide variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Histone
proteins acetylation and deacetylation is carried out by two opposite acting enzymes, histone acetyltransferases
and histone deacetylases (HDACs), respectively. In-vitro and in-vivo animal models of
neurodegenerative diseases and post mortem brains of patients have been reported overexpressed level
of HDACs. In recent past numerous studies have indicated that HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs) might be
a promising class of therapeutic agents for treating these devastating diseases. HDACs being a part of
repressive complexes, the outcome of their inhibition has been attributed to enhanced gene expression
due to heightened histone acetylation. Beneficial effects of HDACIs has been explored both in preclinical
and clinical studies of these diseases. Thus, their screening as future therapeutics for neurodegenerative
diseases has been widely explored.

Conclusion:

In this review, we focus on the putative role of HDACs in neurodegeneration and further
discuss their potential as a new therapeutic avenue for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
The Effects of D-aspartate on Neurosteroids, Neurosteroid Receptors, and Inflammatory Mediators in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Goudarzvand Mahdi , Panahi Yaser , Yazdani Reza , Miladi Hosein , Tahmasebi Saeed , Sherafat Amin , Afraei Sanaz , Abouhamzeh Kosar , Jamee Mahnaz , Al-Hussieni Kawthar Jasim Mohammad Rida , Mohammadi Hamed , Mohebbi Ali , Hossein-Khannazer Nikoo , Zaki-Dizaji Majid , Di Fiore Maria Maddalena , D'Aniello Antimo , Azizi Gholamreza
Published: October 2018

Objective:

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a widely used model for
multiple sclerosis. The present study has been designed to compare the efficiencies of oral and intraperitoneal
(IP) administration of D-aspartate (D-Asp) on the onset and severity of EAE, the production of
neurosteroids, and the expression of neurosteroid receptors and inflammatory mediators in the brain of
EAE mice.

Methods:

In this study, EAE was induced in C57BL/6 mice treated with D-Asp orally (D-Asp-Oral) or
by IP injection (D-Asp-IP). On the 20th day, brains (cerebrums) and cerebellums of mice were evaluated
by histological analyses. The brains of mice were analyzed for: 1) Neurosteroid (Progesterone,
Testosterone, 17β-estradiol) concentrations; 2) gene expressions of cytokines and neurosteroid receptors
by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and 3) quantitative determination of D-Asp
using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Further, some inflammatory cytokines and
matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) were identified in the mouse serum using enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay kits.

Results:

Our findings demonstrated that after D-Asp was administered, it was taken up and accumulated
within the brain. Further, IP injection of D-Asp had more beneficial effects on EAE severity than
oral gavage. The concentration of the testosterone and 17β-estradiol in D-Asp-IP group was significantly
higher than that of the control group. There were no significant differences in the gene expression
of cytokine and neurosteroid receptors between control, D-Asp-IP, and D-Asp-Oral groups. However,
IP treatment with D-Asp significantly reduced C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 and MMP-2 serum
levels compared to control mice.

Conclusion:

IP injection of D-Asp had more beneficial effects on EAE severity, neurosteroid induction
and reduction of inflammatory mediators than oral gavage.
Mentha pulegium Aqueous Extract Exhibits Antidiabetic and Hepatoprotective Effects in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Farid Omar , Zeggwagh Naoufel Ali , Ouadi Fadwa EL , Eddouks Mohamed
Published: October 2018

Objective:

The aim of this work was to evaluate the antihyperglycemic activity of aerial
parts aqueous extract (A.P.A.E) of Mentha pulegium (M. pulegium) on blood glucose levels in normal
and streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rat. The glucose tolerance was evaluated in normal rats.
Moreover, the histological sections and morphometric analysis at the liver and pancreas have been
carried out in this investigation both in normal and STZ-diabetic rats.

Methods:

The effect of A.P.A.E of M. pulegium (20 mg/kg) on blood glucose levels was investigated
in normal and diabetic rats (n=6). Histopathological changes in liver and pancreas were examined under
phase contrast microscope and a preliminary screening for various bioactive constituents was realized
according to standard methods.

Key Findings:

Both single and repeated oral administration of A.P.A.E (20 mg/kg) caused a significant
reduction in blood glucose levels in STZ-diabetic rats (p<0.0001). The morphometric analysis and
histological sections realized in pancreas and liver have showed the beneficial effect of the A.P.A.E in
cellular population. According to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the aqueous extract has revealed
an improvement of glucose tolerance in normal rat. Furthermore, the preliminary phytochemical
screening of A.P.A.E of M. pulegium has demonstrated the presence of various metabolite compounds
including polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids tannins, cyanidins, sesquiterpenes, and glycosides.

Conclusion:

We conclude that the A.P.A.E of M. pulegium (20 mg/kg) exhibits a potent antihyperglycemic
activity in STZ diabetic rats.
In vitro Characterization of Microspheres Containing Chemically Cross- Linked Gummy Exudates of Cochlospermum religiosum
Authors: Sharma Vipin Kumar , Mazumder Bhaskar , Nautiyal Vinod , Sharma Prince Prashant , Ahmed Yusra
Published: October 2018

Background:

The polymeric hydrocolloids of natural origin such as gums and mucilages
have their own significance in food and pharmaceutical industries due to safety, cost, biodegradability,
biocompatibility, etc.

Objective:

This study includes the assessment of feasibility of gummy exudates of Cochlospermum
religiosum for development of microspheres through emulsification technique.

Methods:

The effects of exudates concentration, glutaraldehyde amount and process temperature
were analyzed on particle-size and swelling dynamics of developed microspheres. The formulations
were also characterized by thermal decomposition and powder X-ray diffraction technique to assess
the effect of crosslinking.

Results:

The photomicrographs of preparations revealed the formation of microspheres with smooth,
spherical and free-flowing nature. The swelling dynamics followed Fick’s diffusion mechanism for
swelling media. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed the formation of ether-linkage after
crosslinking of exudates by glutaraldehyde. The thermogravimetric curves disclosed the formation
of strong bonds during crosslinking.

Conclusion:

The ease of gummy exudates of Cochlospermum religiosum for microspheres formation
ascribed the potential of these formulations to incorporate therapeutic agent(s) to be applied as
novel drug-carriers.
The ICCE Framework: Framing Learning Experiences Afforded by Games
Authors: Foster Aroutis , Shah Mamta
Published: October 2018

There is a need for game-based learning frameworks that provide a lens for understanding learning experiences afforded in digital games. These frameworks should aim to facilitate game analyses, identification of learning opportunities, and support for learner experiences. This article uses the inquiry, communication, construction, and expression (ICCE) framework to examine a mathematics game (Dimension M) to support learners. The study was conducted using mixed-methods with interviews, observations, and pre-post assessments, in addition to analyzing learner experiences using the ICCE framework. Results showed that the twenty 9th-graders in the game-based learning course had statistically significant mathematics gains, but not for motivation. Interpretive results highlighted how ICCE as enacted in the game design supported learners' experiences. The ICCE framework may be a valuable tool for aiding teachers to assess the efficacy of games for learning and for students to benefit from the possible designed experiences within games.
Anatomy of Student Models in Adaptive Learning Systems: A Systematic Literature Review of Individual Differences from 2001 to 2013
Authors: Nakic Jelena , Granic Andrina , Glavinic Vlado
Published: October 2018

This study brings an evidence-based review of user individual characteristics employed as sources of adaptation in recent adaptive learning systems. Twenty-two user individual characteristics were explored in a systematically designed search procedure, while 17 of them were identified as sources of adaptation in final selection. The content analysis of 98 selected publications that include evidence of adaptation efficiency is conducted. The quantitative representation of the findings shows current trends in the research of individual differences, as well as the tendencies of their further employment in student modeling. The article contributes to the body of knowledge on user individual differences and consequently to the research and development of adaptive learning systems. Additional contribution of the study is in-depth description of development and evaluation of the search strategy which makes the method easily replicable as well as suitable for modification and employment in systematic literature review in any research field.
Plantes médicinales des Maya K’iché du Guatemala
Authors: Fleurentin Jacques
Published: October 2018

Le livre de Jean Pierre Nicolas est le résultat d'un travail important et intelligent qui s'articule autour de la pharmacopée traditionnelle d'une population maya du Guatemala. Ce travail est remarquable car il s’inscrit dans les recommandations méthodologiques de l'ethnopharmacologie et il comprend une enquête de terrain, les plantes de la pharmacopée traditionnelle et un programme de valorisation des plantes de la pharmacopée.
Manifestaciones de fines del porfiriato en Guadalajara
Authors: Cárdenas Ayala Elisa
Published: October 2018

¿Qué significó tomar la calle en la Guadalajara de fines del porfiriato y cómo era la calle que se tomó? En esa época, las calles tapatías eran las de una ciudad de poco más de 100 000 habitantes, que trata de entrar al siglo XX por la puerta europea. No sabe que la entrada al nuevo siglo será en realidad un tanto abrupta y que será, sobre todo, política. Antes, pues, de saberlo, es una ciudad que se está, en sentido técnico, modernizando: que se va, por trechos, asfaltando, para recibir al automóvil, y electrificando. La electricidad llega en 1907 al penal de Escobedo y a los tranvías, que hasta entonces habían sido los tradicionales "de mulitas".
Télévision et intégration. Remarques préliminaires sur le rôle joué par la télévision dans les processus d'intégration nationale au Mexique
Authors: Ben Amor Leïla
Published: October 2018

La télévision comme objet d'étude a autant de facettes qu'il en existe d'approches. Alors qu'elle est un objet central, obligé et protéiforme des études de communication, elle relève simplement pour le sociologue des lieux ou instruments de socialisation où se produisent et s'internalisent les schémas de perception et d'adéquation à la société. D'où l'importance que revêt l'analyse du discours de la télévision, sous ses multiples formes -analyse de production, analyse linguistique, etc.-; le discours de la télévision est donné comme discours socialisant. C'est à partir de là que rebondit l'anthropologue: puisque la télévision produit de la socialisation, alors quand elle s'adresse à des popu­lations indigènes ou "exogènes"-immigrantes-, elle fait tout naturellement acte d'acculturation. Le postulat étant que la télévision s'adresse d'abord aux individus et groupes "intégrés" à la société concernée ...
Nuevas imbricaciones entre patrimonio cultural y patrimonio natural
Authors: Dumoulin David
Published: October 2018

Con este texto intentaré esbozar las nuevas conexiones que imbrican, llegando a veces a confundirlas entre sí, las nociones de patrimonio cultural y de patrimonio natural, y que enlazan así mismo las respectivas políticas implantadas para la conservación de ambos patrimonios. Puesto que no dispongo de mucho espacio, me veré limitado a subrayar en forma esquemática la evolución paralela de las adjetivaciones aplicadas al patrimonio, la recíproca "contaminación" de ambos conceptos de patrimonios, las similitudes entre las modalidades prácticas de las dos políticas de preservación y, al final, los nuevos enfoques teóricos que contribuyen a borrar la frontera entre estas dos caras del patrimonio.
Yugo: un comandante runguero (pt. 2)
Authors: Bataillon Gilles
Published: October 2018

El propósito de este artículo es dar a conocer la experiencia de un guerrillero miskitu de Nicaragua, de nombre Francisco González-Yugo, de la comunidad de Wiwinack situada en el curso medio del Wangki, el río fronterizo entre Honduras y Nicaragua. Este relato de vida forma parte de un conjunto más amplio -compendio de unos 90 relatos-, que comencé a recopilar en septiembre de 1996 con idea de escribir un libro sobre la historia de los guerrilleros miskitus.
Privatización del espacio, autosegregación y participación ciudadana en la Ciudad de México. El caso de las calles cerradas en la zona de Coapa (Tlalpan, Distrito Federal)
Authors: Giglia Angela
Published: October 2018

En este artículo me propongo reflexionar en torno a un aspecto específico de la privatización del espacio público, es decir, aquella forma de autosegregación residencial que se lleva a cabo mediante el “cierre de calles” realizado por sus propios habitantes. La autosegregación residencial no es un fenómeno nuevo en la historia de las ciudades, al contrario: se encuentra inscrita en los orígenes del urbanismo moderno. Lo atestiguan antecedentes importantes, tales como los “suburbios” de las ciudades norteamericanas y los modelos de “ciudad-jardín” y de ciudades satélites a las orillas de las grandes urbanizaciones (Dobriner, 1958). Sin embargo, hoy como nunca antes, la autosegregación contribuye de manera importante a poner en tela de juicio la identidad misma de las ciudades como entidades provistas de una identidad reconocible. Estudiar la autosegregación socioespacial, permite repensar las condiciones de la urbanidad como “arte de vivir juntos mediado por la ciudad” (Monnet, 1996), y del vínculo social en el mundo actual.
Villes nomades du Nouveau Monde
Authors: Álvarez Salvador
Published: October 2018

Alain Musset nos presenta un muy innovador libro sobre las ciudades latinoamericanas que en algún momento migraron; las ciudades nómadas, como plásticamente las define el propio autor. Generalmente, en la abundante literatura sobre la historia de esas poblaciones levantadas en América Latina, la ciudad no aparece sino como una suerte de telón de fondo, un ámbito en el que interactúan los grupos que en la sociedad detentan el poder.
Las interrogantes que plantea América Latina al estudio del fenómeno turístico
Authors: Raymond Nathalie
Published: October 2018

Las observaciones de campo realizadas desde 1995 en distintos países de América Latina acerca del turismo, han venido alimentando una reflexión personal iniciada hace aproximadamente diez años en torno de la naturaleza del fenómeno turístico, sus raíces, sus formas, sus lógicas evolutivas, sus lugares. Esta reflexión se ha inspirado, y paralelamente enriquecido, con los estudios elaborados en Francia sobre el tema del turismo, en particular los trabajos pioneros de G. Cazes sobre los países en vías de desarrollo, los de J.-D. Urbain (antropología), los de los historiadores A. Corbin y M. Boyer, así como los trabajos del equipo MIT dirigido por Rémy Knafou, cuyas recientes publicaciones son estimulantes. El marco brindado por el presente número de Trace constituye el pretexto para una confrontación entre mis propias observaciones y reflexiones, y las ajenas quie se han echo sobre la base de otros campos de estudio. Al mismo tiempo, se trata de mostrar que tipos de reflexión pueden elaborarse en torno del tema del turismo con el fin de suscitar vocaciones entre los investigadores latinoamericanos, quienes frecuentemente tienden a menospreciar este tema porque lo juzgan demasiado superficial, siendo que resulta extremadamente rico tan pronto como se le aborda de manera más profunda y sin prejuicios.
El uso del turismo como nuevo vector de posicionamiento estratégico. Una conjunción de los quehaceres político, comercial y geopolítico en Brasil
Authors: Marini Adorno Lúcio Flavo
Published: October 2018

En la primera mitad de los años noventa se multiplicaron las interpretaciones de los analistas sobre la pérdida de consistencia y de interés de los Estados-nación por las acciones geopolíticas, dadas las transformaciones en el juego del poder económico internacional. Los intereses comerciales preceden a todos los demás en términos de materialismo histórico, sobre todo en esa etapa del capitalismo global que hizo a los gobiernos más dependientes de las inversiones externas en el mercado doméstico. Mientras tanto, aparecieron intereses de proyección del poder en el sector público-estatal que se adaptaron a las nuevas reglas del juego y formaron nuevas alianzas, desde la escala de la microfísica del poder político y comercial hasta la de los grandes conglomerados de corporaciones y sus efectos en las relaciones diplomáticas internacionales.