bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Der dreiste „Monsieur K*“: Über Karamzins Briefe eines reisenden Russen
Authors: Klein Joachim
Published: July 2018

In Karamzin’s ‘Letters of a Russian Traveller’ the narrator displays a strong inclination to confound his readers, to irritate and to provoke them. Under the surface of his sentimental style we encounter persistent violations of norms generally accepted in eighteenth-century Russian society, including the Petrine ethos of service and the relationship of official to private values. The narrator frequently ignores traditional morality. He depicts suicide not as a mortal sin, but as a human catastrophe. The same goes for norms of marital fidelity and social hierarchy; venerable concepts like ‘love of the fatherland’ and ‘historical greatness’ are reinterpreted. The latter phenomenon is especially striking: in 1790, while Russia was fighting two wars (against the Ottoman empire and against Sweden), the Traveller constantly displays a love of peace, implicitly condemning Catherine II and her bellicose foreign politics. A concluding digression touches upon the striking political difference between the youthful and the mature Karamzin.
Syntheses and crystal structures of guanidine hydrochlorides with two Schiff base functions as efficient colorimetric and selective sensors for fluoride
Authors: Wang Bei , Zhang Pei-Zhi , Chen Xin , Jia Ai-Quan , Zhang Qian-Feng
Published: July 2018

A series of guanidinium chloride derivatives have been synthesized by condensation of 1,3-diaminoguanidine monohydrochloride with heteroaromatic formaldehydes in good yields. All compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonances and infrared spectroscopies, and the molecular structures of four compounds were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The optical properties of these guanidinium chloride derivatives with fluoride anions were investigated, showing selective color changes from colorless to yellow or orange, red-shifted in the ultraviolet/visible absorption spectra.
Validity and Reliability of Global Positioning System Units (STATSports Viper) for Measuring Distance and Peak Speed in Sports
Authors: Beato Marco , Devereux Gavin , Stiff Adam
Published: July 2018

Beato, M, Devereux, G, and Stiff, A. Validity and reliability of global positioning system units (STATSports Viper) for measuring distance and peak speed in sports. J Strength Cond Res 32(10): 2831–2837, 2018—Previous evidence has proven that large variability exists in the accuracy of different brands of global positioning systems (GPS). Therefore, any GPS model should be validated independently, and the results of a specific brand cannot be extended to others. The aim of this study is to assess the validity and reliability of GPS units (STATSports Viper) for measuring distance and peak speed in sports. Twenty participants were enrolled (age 21 ± 2 years [range 18 to 24 years], body mass 73 ± 5 kg, and height 1.78 ± 0.04 m). Global positioning system validity was evaluated by comparing the instantaneous values of speed (peak speed) determined by GPS (10 Hz, Viper Units; STATSports, Newry, Ireland) with those determined by a radar gun during a 20-m sprint. Data were analyzed using the Stalker (34.7 GHz, USA) ATS Version 5.0.3.0 software as gold standard. Distance recorded by GPS was also compared with a known circuit distance (400-m running, 128.5-m sports-specific circuit, and 20-m linear running). The distance bias in the 400-m trial, 128.5-m circuit, and 20-m trial was 1.99 ± 1.81%, 2.7 ± 1.2%, and 1.26 ± 1.04%, respectively. Peak speed measured by the GPS was 26.3 ± 2.4 km·h−1, and criterion was 26.1 ± 2.6 km·h−1, with a bias of 1.80 ± 1.93%. The major finding of this study was that GPS did not underestimate the criterion distance during a 400-m trial, 128.5-m circuit, and 20-m trial, as well as peak speed. Small errors (<5%, good) were found for peak speed and distances. This study supported the validity and reliability of this GPS model.
A Review of the Proposed K
Isi Offset-Secant Method for Size-Insensitive Linear-Elastic Fracture Toughness Evaluation
Authors: Wells Douglas N. , James Mark A. , Allen Phillip A. , Wallin Kim R. W.
Published: July 2018

Recently proposed modifications to ASTM E399, Standard Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness KIc of Metallic Materials, would provide a new size-insensitive approach to analyzing the force-displacement test record. The proposed size-insensitive linear-elastic fracture toughness, KIsi, targets a consistent 0.5-mm crack extension for all specimen sizes by using an offset secant that is a function of the specimen ligament length. With intent to increase flexibility in the test method, the KIsi evaluation method removes the Pmax/PQ criterion, which can penalize materials with rising tearing resistance curves, and increases the limits on specimen deformation, which allows more plasticity at the crack tip at the onset of crack extension. The primary motivation for this investigation is to confirm the validity of this new interpretation of the force-displacement test record in regard to the increase in acceptable specimen deformation. This article summarizes a finite element study of the effects of increased crack tip plasticity on the KIsi evaluation method, with two primary points of investigation: the continued validity of linear-elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) to describe the crack front conditions and the effect of crack tip plasticity on compliance change in the force-displacement record. The analytical study illustrates that LEFM assumptions remain valid at the increased deformation limit; however, the influence of plasticity on the compliance change in the test record is problematic. A proposed revision to the validity criteria for the KIsi test method is described.
UMA REFLEXÃO CRÍTICA SOBRE OS CONCEITOS E PRÁTICAS DA GEOCONSERVAÇÃO / A CRITICAL REFLECTION ON THE CONCEPTS AND PRACTICES OF GEOCONSERVATION
Authors: De Borba André Weissheimer , Sell Jaciele Carine
Published: July 2018

Este trabalho traz uma série de constatações e provocações sobre os conceitos e práticas adotadas na pesquisa e na aplicação da geoconservação, área emergente das geociências. São revisados e discutidos diversos trabalhos anteriores versando sobre os conceitos de geodiversidade, geopatrimônio, geoturismo e geoparques, bem como sobre a filosofia subjacente à própria geoconservação. A necessária contribuição da ciência geográfica, as relações entre geodiversidade e paisagem, bem como a importância do conceito de território para os geoparques recebem uma atenção especial. As metodologias de avaliação quantitativa do geopatrimônio também são focalizadas a partir de uma visão crítica, no sentido de evitar critérios elitistas ou com viés demasiadamente urbano. Todas essas discussões objetivam promover uma geoconservação social e ambientalmente responsável, que respeite seus objetivos primordiais: a redução das desigualdades regionais e o resgate de áreas rurais pedregosas, marginalizadas e economicamente deprimidas, por meio da conservação, da educação e do turismo, com valorização de suas feições geológicas e geomorfológicas.ABSTRACTThis paper brings a critical view on the concepts and practices employed in the research and application of geoconservation as an emerging area of geoscience. The terms geodiversity, geoheritage, geotourism and geoparks are reviewed and discussed, as well as the very philosophical bases of geoconservation. Special attention is drawn to the necessary contribution of the geographical science, the relationships between geodiversity and landscape, and the relevance of the concept of territory for the geopark strategy. Methodologies of quantitative assessment of geoheritage are also focused from a critical point of view, avoiding elitist or overly urban-biased criteria. The overall discussion aims at promoting a socially and environmentally responsible geoconservation, respecting its primordial goals: regional inequality reduction and revitalization of hilly, marginal, economic depressed rural areas through conservation, education and tourism, with appreciation of their geological and geomorphological features.Keywords: Geodiversity; Geoheritage; Geotourism; Geoparks.
APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Martins Débora Pinto
Published: July 2018

Apresentação do Volume 04, Número 01, da Revista Geographia Meridionalis
Central Compensation in Auditory Brainstem after Damaging Noise Exposure
Authors: Schrode Katrina M. , Muniak Michael A. , Kim Ye-Hyun , Lauer Amanda M.
Published: July 2018

Noise exposure is one of the most common causes of hearing loss and peripheral damage to the auditory system. A growing literature suggests that the auditory system can compensate for peripheral loss through increased central neural activity. The current study sought to investigate the link between noise exposure, increases in central gain, synaptic reorganization, and auditory function. All axons of the auditory nerve project to the cochlear nucleus, making it a requisite nucleus for sound detection. As the first synapse in the central auditory system, the cochlear nucleus is well positioned to respond plastically to loss of peripheral input. To investigate noise-induced compensation in the central auditory system, we measured auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and auditory perception and collected tissue from mice exposed to broadband noise. Noise-exposed mice showed elevated ABR thresholds, reduced ABR wave 1 amplitudes, and spiral ganglion neuron loss. Despite peripheral damage, noise-exposed mice were hyperreactive to loud sounds and showed nearly normal behavioral sound detection thresholds. Ratios of late ABR peaks (2–4) relative to the first ABR peak indicated that brainstem pathways were hyperactive in noise-exposed mice, while anatomical analysis indicated there was an imbalance between expression of excitatory and inhibitory proteins in the ventral cochlear nucleus. The results of the current study suggest that a reorganization of excitation and inhibition in the ventral cochlear nucleus may drive hyperactivity in the central auditory system. This increase in central gain can compensate for peripheral loss to restore some aspects of auditory function.
Microstructural White Matter Abnormalities in the Dorsal Cingulum of Adolescents with IBS
Authors: Hubbard Catherine S. , Becerra Lino , Heinz Nicole , Ludwick Allison , Rasooly Tali , Yendiki Anastasia , Wu Rina , Schechter Neil L. , Nurko Samuel , Borsook David
Published: July 2018

Alterations in fractional anisotropy (FA) have been considered to reflect microstructural white matter (WM) changes in disease conditions; however, no study to date has examined WM changes using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in adolescents with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The objective of the present study was two-fold: (1) to determine whether differences in FA, and other non-FA metrics, were present in adolescents with IBS compared to healthy controls using whole-brain, region of interest (ROI)-restricted tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) and canonical ROI DTI analyses for the cingulum bundle, and (2) to determine whether these metrics were related to clinical measures of disease duration and pain intensity in the IBS group. A total of 16 adolescents with a Rome III diagnosis of IBS (females = 12; mean age = 16.29, age range: 11.96–18.5 years) and 16 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (females = 12; mean age = 16.24; age range: 11.71–20.32 years) participated in this study. Diffusion-weighted images were acquired using a Siemens 3-T Trio Tim Syngo MRI scanner with a 32-channel head coil. The ROI-restricted TBSS and canonical ROI-based DTI analyses revealed that adolescents with IBS showed decreased FA in the right dorsal cingulum bundle compared to controls. No relationship between FA and disease severity measures was found. Microstructural WM alterations in the right dorsal cingulum bundle in adolescents with IBS may reflect a premorbid brain state or the emergence of a disease-driven process that results from complex changes in pain- and affect-related processing via spinothalamic and corticolimbic pathways.
Changes in summertime ozone in Colorado during 2000–2015
Authors: Bien Tanja , Helmig Detlev
Published: July 2018

In 2016, the Denver Metro Area (DMA)/Northern Colorado Front Range (NCFR) was reclassified from a Marginal to a Moderate O3 Non-Attainment Area due to the prevalence of high summer ozone (O3) occurrences. Hourly surface O3 data collected during 2000–2015 from a total of 80 monitoring sites in the State of Colorado were investigated for geographical features in O3 behavior and O3 changes over time. We particularly focus on summer O3 (June, July, August), which is the time when most exceedances of the O3 National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) have been recorded. Variables investigated include the statistical (5th, 50th (median), and 95th percentile) distribution of O3 mixing ratios, diurnal amplitudes, and their trends. Trend analyses were conducted for 20 site records that had at least ten years of data. The majority of Colorado ozone monitoring sites show an increase of the 5th (16 total; 11 of these are statistically significant (p-value ≤ 0.05) trends) and 50th (15 total; 4 statistically significant trends) percentile values. Changes for the 95th percentile values were smaller and less consistent. One site showed a statistically significant declining trend, and one site an increasing trend; the majority of other sites had slightly negative, albeit not statistically significant declining O3. Ozone changes at the two highest elevations sites (>2500 m asl) are all negative, contrasting increasing O3 at U.S. West Coast sites. NCFR urban sites do not show the rate of decreasing higher percentile O3 as seen for the majority of urban areas across the U.S. during the past 1–2 decades. The amplitudes of diurnal O3 cycles were studied as a proxy for nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions and the diurnal O3 production chemistry. The majority of sites show a decrease in the median summer O3 diurnal amplitude (19 total/10 statistically significant). This is mostly driven by the increase in nighttime O3 minima, which is most likely a sign for a declining rate of nighttime O3 loss from titration with nitric oxide (NO), indicating a change in O3 behavior from declining NOx emissions. Since median and upper percentile surface O3 values in the DMA have not declined at the rates seen in other western U.S. regions, thus far the reduction in NOx has had a more pronounced effect on the lower percentile O3 distribution than on high O3 occurrences that primarily determine air quality. An assessment of the influence of oil and gas emissions on Colorado, and in particular DMA O3, is hampered by the sparsity of monitoring within oil and gas basins. Continuous, long-term, high quality, and co-located O3, NOx, and VOC monitoring are recommended for elucidating the geographical heterogeneity of O3 precursors, their changing emissions, and for evaluation of the effectiveness of O3 air quality regulations.
Change in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parallel change in depressive symptoms in Dutch older adults
Authors: Elstgeest Liset E M , de Koning Elisa J , Brouwer Ingeborg A , van Schoor Natasja M , Penninx Brenda W J H , Visser Marjolein
Published: July 2018

Objective

Previous prospective studies on the association between vitamin D status and depression used a single 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) measurement. We investigated the association between change in serum 25(OH)D and parallel change in depressive symptoms over time in Dutch older adults.

Design

A population-based, prospective study in two cohorts of older men and women from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam.

Methods

Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were determined at two time points: in 1995/1996 and 13 years later in the older cohort (aged 65–88y, n = 173) and in 2002/2003 and 6 years later in the younger cohort (55–65 years, n = 450). At these time points, depressive symptoms were measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D). Associations were tested by multiple linear regression analyses.

Results

During follow-up, serum 25(OH)D concentrations increased in 32.4% of the older cohort and in 69.8% of the younger cohort. In the older cohort, change in 25(OH)D was not associated with change in CES-D score. In the younger cohort, no associations were observed in participants with higher baseline 25(OH)D concentrations (>58.6 nmol/L), but in those with lower baseline 25(OH)D concentrations, an increase in 25(OH)D was associated with a decrease in CES-D score (adjusted B per 10 nmol/L 25(OH)D increase: −0.62 (95% CI: −1.17, −0.07)).

Conclusions

Our study suggests that over 6 years, an increase in serum 25(OH)D is associated with a small decrease in depressive symptoms in young older adults with lower baseline 25(OH)D. Well-designed intervention trials are required to determine causality.
Mediatización de las políticas mediáticas: cobertura de las propuestas de regulación de medios en la XI Legislatura española
Authors: Álvarez Peralta Miguel , Pedro Carañana Joan
Published: July 2018

En el fenómeno de mediatización de la política juega un papel clave el modo en que la prensa informa sobre propuestas parlamentarias. La undécima legislatura española tuvo especial significación por ser la primera en que irrumpían dos nuevos grupos parlamentarios (Ciudadanos y Unidos Podemos) que debían definir ex novo sus líneas políticas. A su vez, los diarios tenían la oportunidad de definir su línea editorial en relación a sus propuestas. Aquí analizamos la cobertura informativa realizada por 15 medios españoles (7 digitales y 8 en papel) sobre propuestas de regulación de la comunicación (e.g. gestión del radioespectro, gestión de medios públicos, etc.) presentadas por el grupo parlamentario Unidos Podemos en dicha legislatura. Se describen los marcos noticiosos empleados en la reconstrucción informativa de un conjunto de Proposiciones No de Ley a través del análisis de titulares. Con carácter general se detecta una recepción hostil hacia la regulación mediática y un déficit significativo de profundidad y rigor en la cobertura, más pronunciado en el caso de la prensa tradicional.
A Review of The Exclusion Technique As A Mode Of Surgical Repair In The Treatment Of Aortoiliac Aneurysms With Spontaneous Arteriovenous Fistulas
Authors: Kızıltan H. Tarık
Published: July 2018

Patients with aortoiliac aneurysms with arteriovenous fistulas are difficult to treat. The traditional mode of surgical repair using aneurysmal excision, fistula closure, and graft inclusion has been associated with high perioperative mortality. As an alternative, the exclusion technique also has been utilized. Over the years, the popularity and success rate of endovascular techniques have increased in the treatment of these patients, yet a technical failure during an endovascular repair always makes surgical repair inevitable. This paper aims to review the outcomes of aneurysmal exclusion as a modality of surgical repair in the treatment of patients with aortic and/or iliac aneurysms with arteriovenous fistulas. The literature in English was researched utilizing the MEDLINE database. Articles reporting on surgical exclusion of abdominal arterial aneurysms with arteriovenous fistulas were included. Overall, four cases in three patients and our unpublished experience in a fifth case were evaluated. There were two aortoiliac, one aortic, one secondary iliac, and one pure iliac artery aneurysm, all with fistulas into the venous system. All patients recovered well following the exclusion operations. There were no operative or 30-day mortalities. One patient had inferior vena cava obstruction. Another patient developed a secondary iliac artery aneurysm with iliac vein fistula two years postoperatively, due to an internal iliac artery, which was not ligated during the first operation. Reported data indicates that for patients who have aortoiliac aneurysms with arteriovenous fistulas, the exclusion technique is a viable surgical alternative either as a first-line choice or when other strategies are technically not feasible.
Comparison of Left Atriotomy and Superior Transseptal Approaches in Mitral Valve Surgery
Authors: Turkyilmaz Saygin , Kavala Ali Aycan
Published: July 2018

Purpose: To compare the operative and post-operative outcomes of mitral valve surgery (MVS) with a superior transseptal (STS) approach and a left atriotomy (LA) approach.
Methods: In a tertiary academic center, the charts of patients who underwent MVS between 2012 and 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 135 patients underwent MVS. Forty patients who underwent MVS with the STS approach were enrolled in the study as the STS group. In the same period, we selected 40 patients who underwent MVS with the LA approach to serve as the control group (LA group). Two groups were operated by the same surgeon. To minimize the bias related to the lack of randomization in this observational study, LA group patients were selected using propensity score matching.
Results: According to the study design, the preoperative characteristics of gender, age, mitral valve stenosis, and mitral valve insufficiency were matched (P = .368, P = .920, P = .250 and P = .057, respectively). The cardiopulmonary bypass time was 91.2 ± 12.1 minutes in the superior transseptal group and 72.8 ± 6.4 minutes in the left atriotomy group (P < .001). Additionally, duration of clamp time was significantly shorter in the left atriotomy group (P < .001). Estimated blood loss was significantly less in patients with a left atriotomy (535.8 ml versus 658.0 mL, P < .001). Duration of intensive care unit stay and hospitalization time were significantly longer in patients who underwent the superior transseptal approach compared with patients who underwent left atriotomy (P < .001 versus P < .001, respectively). Post-operative dysrhythmia rate and mortality rate were similar between the groups.
Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that MVS with LA decreased cardiopulmonary bypass time, duration of clamp time, amount of hemorrhage, duration of intensive care unit stay, and hospitalization time compared with MVS with STS.
Viviendo con poco dinero: Un estudio de pobreza rural
Authors: Fernández Carvajal Doris
Published: July 2018

Este artículo es producto de un trabajo de investigación denominado Estrategias de sobrevivencia de hogares pobres desde la perspectiva de género, realizado en el Instituto de Estudios de la Mujer, de la Universidad Nacional, en Costa Rica, durante los años 2014 y 2015. Este presenta una especie de “radiografía” sobre cómo estaban viviendo la condición de pobreza, un grupo de familias rurales, residentes en las comunidades de Acosta, Isla de Chira y Palenque Margarita, de las provincias de San José, Puntarenas y Alajuela, respectivamente. El mismo enfatiza la dimensión económica de las familias, particularmente lo relativo a los ingresos y gastos, mostrando cómo se generan los recursos económicos, qué destino se les da, quién(es) los aportan, cómo resuelven lo relativo a las necesidades vitales de alimentación, vivienda, salud, recreación y vestimenta y cómo impacta esto en su calidad de vida. La información se recopiló a través de un cuestionario que fue aplicado a cincuenta hogares nucleares y mono parentales a cargo de una mujer. Uno de los hallazgos más relevantes de este estudio, es que demuestra la efectividad metodológica del estudio de la pobreza desde la perspectiva multidimensional. En el caso particular de estos hogares rurales pobres, si bien presentan bajos ingresos, al mismo tiempo disponen de una serie de aspectos que contribuyen a mejorar su calidad de vida y que generan sentimientos de inclusión social, dentro de los que se pueden mencionar: el disponer de una alimentación básica, tener acceso a servicios de salud y la tenencia de vivienda propia.
El ideario martiano en los textos de La Edad de Oro editada como suplemento al Repertorio Americano y su proyección en la educación pública costarricense
Authors: Rodríguez Vargas Nuria
Published: July 2018

El presente artículo hace una descripción y explicación general del proyecto de investigación y extensión en el que se estudia y analiza el ideario martiano en la publicación homónima de La Edad de Oro que realizó Joaquín García Monge a través de Repertorio Americano. Su rescate por medio de una publicación digital de los seis tomos y su difusión en el sistema educativo costarricense público a partir de talleres y cursos a estudiantes y docentes de primaria, lleva un análisis de los textos con una lectura desde la literatura infantil, el modernismo y la pedagogía crítica, rescatando, así la visión latinoamericanista, pero de carácter universal
Control de calidad de imagen y dosimetría, para mamografía digital, utilizando el fantoma Normi Mam Digital
Authors: Arce-Corrales Luis , Mejías-Gamboa Ricardo
Published: July 2018

En Costa Rica no hay una recomendación explícita de las autoridades competentes para la utilización de un fantoma concreto, de ahí que los expertos deben explorar lo que ofertan los proveedores, entre los que destaca el fantoma Normi Mam Digital del fabricante PTW. Este artículo presenta los resultados del control de calidad dosimétrico y de imagen, aplicados al fantoma Normi Mam Digital para validarlo como equipo que cumple las recomendaciones del Human Health Series no. 17. Los resultados obtenidos fueron satisfactorios, logrando comprobar que los equipos cumplen con las tolerancias recomendadas por órganos sanitarios internacionales.
Pharmacological potential of methanol extract of Anacardium occidentale stem bark on alloxan-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Omoboyowa D. A. , Afolabi F. O. , Aribigbola T. C.
Published: July 2018

Background: The anti-hyperglycemic potential of methanol stem bark extract of Anacardium occidentale (MSBEAO) was investigated using an alloxan-induced diabetic rat model. Alloxan administration induces the generation of free radicals which can affect antioxidant status resulting in the disruption of the β-cells of the pancreas. Therefore, this study examines the antioxidant potential of the plant extract and the ameliorating effect on the pancreas of alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
Methods: Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg/kg body weight of alloxan monohydrate. MSBEAO, at a concentration of 100 or 200 mg/kg b.w. was orally administered to alloxan-induced diabetic rats and normal rats. The hypoglycemic effect, oral glucose tolerance test, and biochemical assay of alloxan-induced diabetic rats were assayed using standard procedures.
Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, carbohydrates, and phenols at moderate concentrations. The lethality dose (LD50) of the plant extract was found to be equal to or less than 5000 mg/kg b.w. The hypoglycemic effect of the extract on the non-diabetic rats revealed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the blood glucose concentration of animals administered with 1 g/kg b.w. of the extract, compared to normal control rats administered with normal saline. In the oral glucose tolerance test, the methanol extract exerted the highest response, similar to glibenclamide after 15 and 30 minutes of administration, compared to the control rats. The methanol extract yielded the highest blood glucose lowering effects after 9 days of treatment (p<0.05), compared to diabetic rats administered with normal saline and 0.3 mg/kg b.w. of glibenclamide. Administration of the extract at 200 mg/kg b.w. showed improved pancreas architecture and regeneration of the β-cells, compared with the pancreas of animals in the other groups.
Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that MSBEAO is a potentially effective agent for the management of diabetes which might result from the antioxidant-generating capacity of the stem bark.
El Premio Nobel no existe
Authors: Maya Muñoz Guillermo
Published: July 2018

Titular: “El Nobel de economía premia las teorías sobre los contratos” (Semana, 2016). ¿Por qué los sueldos de los ejecutivos son tan exagerados? “Es la demanda y la oferta haciendo su magia”. Respondió con candor Bengt Holmstrom, uno de los premiados.
33 Tesis para la Reforma de la Economía
Authors: New Weather Institute Rethinking Economics /
Published: July 2018

El 12 de diciembre de 2017, Rethinking Economics (http://www.rethinkeconomics.org) y el New Weather Institute (http://www.newweather.org) para conmemorar 500 años de la Reforma de Martín Lutero,  publicaron 33 Tesis para una reforma de la economía. Las tesis fueron respaldadas por estudiantes y economistas y fueron clavadas en las puertas de la London School of Economics.
Rizobacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal: una alternativa de biofertilización para la agricultura sustentable
Authors: Moreno Reséndez Alejandro , García Mendoza Verónica , Reyes Carrillo José Luis , Vásquez Arroyo Jesús , Cano Ríos Pedro
Published: July 2018

La agricultura moderna enfrenta nuevos desafíos, integrando enfoques ecológicos y moleculares, para lograr mayores rendimientos de los cultivos y reducir al mínimo los impactos sobre el ambiente. Para generar mayores rendimientos se han incrementado significativamente las dosis de fertilizantes sintéticos por unidad de superficie, los cuales pueden provocar contaminación, daños a la salud y pérdida de la fertilidad de los suelos, convirtiéndose en una de las preocupaciones más importantes en la producción agrícola. Para mejorar la producción sin el uso de fertilizantes de origen químico, las investigaciones se han orientado hacia el desarrollo de nuevas biotecnologías: provocando que exista un interés creciente en los microorganismos benéficos del suelo ya que éstos pueden promover el crecimiento de las plantas y, en algunos casos, evitar infecciones del tejido vegetal por patógenos. Las interacciones de las rizobacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal (RPCV) con el medio biótico – plantas y microorganismos – son muy complejas y utilizan diferentes mecanismos de acción para promover el crecimiento de las plantas. Estos mecanismos se agrupan en: 1) Biofertilización; 2) Fito-estimulación; y 3) Biocontrol. Inocular los cultivos con RPCV reduce sustancialmente el uso de fertilizantes sintéticos y los impactos negativos al suelo, aumenta el rendimiento de los cultivos, contribuyendo a la economía del productor y a la alimentación de la población. Esta revisión describe aspectos básicos inherentes a la interacción entre las RPCV y las especies vegetales, centrándose en los beneficios que aportan las RPCV a la actividad agrícola.
First record of Eptesicus brasiliensis argentinus Thomas, 1920 (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) in Entre Ríos province, Argentina
Authors: Díaz M. Mónica , Sanchez R. Tatiana , Oviedo Mirna , Barquez Rubén Marcos
Published: July 2018

Here, we present the first record of Eptesicus brasiliensis argentinus Thomas, 1920 for the province of Entre Ríos, Argentina. This subspecies was originally described as a full species (E. argentinus) based on its morphological features that clearly separate it from all other species of the genus. However, it was later treated as a subspecies of E. brasiliensis by Cabrera (1957), a treatment that was followed by all authors until today. Our record raises the number of bat species for the province of Entre Ríos to 21. This locality represents the fourth record for this subspecies in Argentina, after 35 years since the last known record was obtained. Its geographic range is extended by approximately 130 km to the south, which represents the southernmost known record for this subspecies, and a new ecoregion, the Espinal, is added to its distribution.
ROLLING STOCK DISTRIBUTION FOR PARKING BETWEEN PUBLIC AND NON-PUBLIC RAILWAY TRACKS
Authors: I. A. Yelovoy  , Y. N. Potylkin
Published: July 2018

Purpose. The tasks of selecting the optimal modes of mutual operation of the public and non-public tracks are particularly relevant in the context of increasing the share of private cars. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to develop an approach to the justification of the choice of the interaction mode between mainline and industrial railway transport from the position of cars distribution sent to parking between public and non-public railway tracks. Me-thodology. To achieve this purpose, authors used the methods of scientific analysis and synthesis, graph theory, as well as experimental and statistical methods of modeling. Findings. Dependence of the required capacity of railway tracks was obtained. It takes into account the share of private cars in the general park arriving at places of non-public use. We proposed a scheme for choosing the place of location of cars to justify the choice of the mode of interaction between the main and industrial railway transport, taking into account the available track equipment and the expediency of its further development. Originality. The task in this formulation has not been solved to date, which determines the relevance and originality of research in this direction. The resulting formula for determining the required capacity of railway tracks takes into account the influence of the random nature of servicing of private conveyances at places of non-public use, as well as the share of carriages of consignors, consignees in the general park. We proposed the method for choosing the location of private rolling stock, used to justify the choice of the mode of interaction between the main and industrial railway transport, taking into account the available track equipment and the expediency of its further development. A distinctive feature of the presented method is the consideration of the interests of the cargo owner, as a party most interested in the effective mutual work of public and non-public railway tracks. Practical value. Based on the results of the study recommendations can be received on the choice of the mode of interaction between the main and industrial railway transport in the part of the cars distribution sent to parking between public and non-public railway tracks. This will reduce the costs of cargo owners by minimizing economic and time losses and, as a result, make railroad services more attractive to customers, which will lead to an increase in its competitiveness in the transport services market.
RATIONAL ALTITUDE STRUCTURE FOR PLACING THE WIND EQUIPMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF UKRAINE
Authors: Savchenko R. A. , Bannikov D. O. , Kyrpa I. I.
Published: July 2018

Purpose. For wind observations special wind equipment is used, which should be placed at a certain height above the ground for a relatively short period of time. Such equipment can be transferred from one region to ano-ther. Therefore, the main purpose of the studies outlined in the publication is the selection and justification of the construction of a mobile altitude structure for the placement of wind equipment in the natural and climatic conditions of Ukraine. Methodology. To achieve this purpose, first we chose the type of altitude structure from the existing ones. Next, we determined the nature of the effect of natural and climatic loads on these structures in accordance with the norms of Ukraine. After this, we performed a numerical analysis of the work of altitude structures by the finite element method on the basis of the Lira software. Also, an economic evaluation of the expediency of using altitude structures of a certain type was made, taking into account the lease of the land plot for their location. Findings. According to the results of the conducted studies, it should be noted that for the conditions of Ukraine a steel tower is the most rational mobile altitude structure for placing wind equipment for a relatively small interval of time. In comparison with a steel mast of a similar height, the total cost of its installation and operation is lower. The X-cross brace for steel towers from 50 to 60 m in height is more rational than the K-brace. Herewith, its usage decreases the construction cost almost by half. Taking into account the possibility of transportation, the separation of the steel tower into assembly units of 8-10 m in length is the most effective. Originality. The authors proposed the method for estimating the economic efficiency of choosing a mobile altitude structure depending on the natural and climatic conditions of the terrain. In accordance with this method, the most rational type of altitude structure is determined taking into account its mobility. Practical value. Application of the proposed approaches and the solutions allows reducing the time required for calculations in design practice and also more reasonably approaching the choice of design solutions for altitude structures.
PARAMETERS IDENTIFICATION OF THREE-PHASE TO CONTINUOUS CURRENT SYSTEMS DEVICES BY THE TIME SERIES METHOD
Authors: T. M. Mishchenko
Published: July 2018

Purpose. The scientific work provides for the development and justification of a new method for the parametric identification of electric traction devices based on a system of orthogonal functions, namely – on the basis of time power series. Methodology. To solve this problem, we use: the theory of power series; basic laws of theoretical electrical engineering, elements of the spectral analysis of periodic and non-periodic non-sinusoidal functions of electrical quantities of voltage and current; matrix methods for solving a system of algebraic equations. Findings. A new method of time power series is developed, which can be used to identify devices both traction power systems and electric rolling stock. The method is based on the compilation of integro-differential equations of the electromagnetic state of the electrotechnical system under study. The given voltage and current in the indicated equations are approximated by power series, into which the required parameters of the electric circuit of the system enter in the form of coefficients. Using the developed method, electric locomotives AC of DSС3 and 2ES5K were identified in the work. Their parameters R and L, varying in time over the period of the applied sinusoidal voltage, are determined. Time dependences R(t) and L(t) are constructed and analyzed. An explanation is given for the regions with negative inductance. It is shown that these electric locomotives can be identified by a passive two-terminal network with parametric resistive and inductive elements. Originality. Innovation of work consists, first, in development of a new method of identification, and secondly, in the possibility of replacing any device of electric traction with parameters of RL- a two-terminal network. And, finally, the fact that the proposed method makes it possible, by improving the approximation of input and output voltages and currents, to obtain the most accurate values of the parameters R and L the identification two-terminal network. Practical value. The developed method makes it possible to evaluate the parameters of devices of electric traction systems on a real-time scale, which facilitates its application in modeling the transient electromagnetic processes that arise during the operation of the system under study in emergency modes.
PROPOSALS FOR IMPROVING THE PROCESS OF FORMING PROGRAMS OF REFORMING THE RAILWAY TRANSPORT INDUSTRY
Authors: Okorokov A. M. , Bulakh M. O.
Published: July 2018

Purpose. The purpose of the work is to develop proposals for improving the process of forming measures and programs for reforming the railway transport industry of Ukraine in the process of European integration based on research, comparison and generalization of information. Methodology. A study of the content and the main provisions of legal acts declaring the conditions for the reform of the railway transport was carried out using analysis and synthesis methods. Methods of the system approach, comparison and generalization of the obtained data allowed developing proposals for improving the process of the formation of activities and programs. Findings. The need for reforming Ukraine's railway transport has been under consideration since 2006, but for a long time reform was limited only to the development of reforming plans and programs. Not being implemented within the framework of one program, the measures were reflected in the next or parallel one, with the corresponding change in the terms. The carried out analysis of their implementation does not allow talking about inactivity or denying the existence of positive changes, however, given the duration of the period 2006-2017, they occur very slowly. This situation requires new approaches to the development of programs and activities, as well as assessing their implementation, one of which is proposed in the work. Originality. The work justifies the need to evaluate the implementation of measures and programs for reforming the railway transport industry by two criteria: legal and practical. The developed basic principles for the formation of programs for reforming and developing the railway transport industry provide an opportunity to receive timely and reliable information on the status of their implementation. Practical value. We obtained the possibilities of constant monitoring of the state of financial support for reforms and directions of use of funds, which will prevent their misuse and significantly accelerate the implementation of certain activities, and then increase their effectiveness.
ANALYTICAL SUPPORT OF FINANCIAL ANALYSIS AT THE RAILWAY TRANSPORT
Authors: Toporkova O. A. , Shylo L. A.
Published: July 2018

Purpose. The work is dedicated to systematization of basic directions for financial analysis taking into account the specific features of railway industry. Methodology. In the course of the research there were used the methods of analysis and synthesis to study the content and basic provisions of scientific publications on the chosen topic. Findings. The railway industry has a specific system of financial relations. Knowing the objective development laws of the industry technological system, you can create an appropriate mechanism for managing it and its resources. The selection of the necessary method of analysis and system of indicators, which will provide a comprehensive study and representation of the enterprise activity, is fundamental for the adoption of management decisions. Financial analysis is an important element of analytical work for the needs of modern management. With the help of financial analysis it is possible to determine the place of the enterprise among other subjects of the industry; to assess the structure of capital and the dynamics of enterprise development. Consequently, the quality of the decisions taken completely depends on the analytical substantiation. Financial analysis is carried out according to certain groups of economic indicators, which give an overall assessment of the financial condition of the enterprise, the profitability of its activities and long-term solvency. The analysis of the financial and economic condition is an important part of effective management of the formation, placement and use of rail transport resources. The features of conducting and interpreting the analysis results of the financial condition at the structural units of PJSC «Ukrzaliznytsia» – regional branches, branch affiliates, production units (if they have a balance sheet), – are explained by the specifics of their economic activities. Originality. The obtained results allow us to consider financial reporting as an informational and analytical provision of financial analysis taking into account the specifics of the corporate railway industry relations. The method of financial analysis should be consistent with the strategic objectives of the business entity, which are determined by the system of strategic management and investment and financial planning of the railway industry. Practical value. The assessment of the financial condition of an enterprise can be objectively carried out using a system of indicators that take into account the technological specificity of the rail transport, comprehensively characterizing the results of its activities and reflect the competence of management through the quality of the decisions taken.
IDENTIFYING THREATS IN COMPUTER NETWORK BASED ON MULTILAYER NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: Zhukovyts’kyy I. V. , Pakhomova V. M.
Published: July 2018

Purpose. Currently, there appear more often the reports of penetration into computer networks and attacks on the Web-server. Attacks are divided into the following categories: DoS, U2R, R2L, Probe. The purpose of the article is to identify threats in a computer network based on network traffic parameters using neural network technology, which will protect the server. Methodology. The detection of such threats as Back, Buffer_overflow, Quess_password, Ipsweep, Neptune in the computer network is implemented on the basis of analysis and processing of data on the parameters of network connections that use the TCP/IP protocol stack using the 19-1-25-5 neural network configuration in the Fann Explorer program. When simulating the operation of the neural network, a training (430 examples), a testing (200 examples) and a control sample (25 examples) were used, based on an open KDDCUP-99 database of 500000 connection records. Findings. The neural network created on the control sample determined an error of 0.322. It is determined that the configuration network 19-1-25-5 copes well with such attacks as Back, Buffer_overflow and Ipsweep. To detect the attacks of Quess_password and Neptune, the task of 19 network traffic parameters is not enough. Originality. We obtained dependencies of the neural network training time (number of epochs) on the number of neurons in the hidden layer (from 10 to 55) and the number of hidden layers (from 1 to 4). When the number of neurons in the hidden layer increases, the neural network by Batch algorithm is trained almost three times faster than the neural network by Resilient algorithm. When the number of hidden layers increases, the neural network by Resilient algorithm is trained almost twice as fast as that by Incremental algorithm. Practical value. Based on the network traffic parameters, the use of 19-1-25-5 configuration neural network will allow to detect in real time the computer network threats Back, Buffer_overflow, Quess_password, Ipsweep, Neptune and to perform appropriate monitoring.
Everything you always wanted to know about sex and Neurology: neurological disability and sexuality
Authors: Nasimbera Alejandro , Rosales Julieta , Silva Berenice , Alonso Ricardo , Bohorquez Natalia , Lepera Sandra , Garretto Nelida , Arakaki Tomoko , Garcea Orlando , Rey Raul , Quarracino Cecilia , Rodriguez Gabriel E.
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT Chronic neurological disorders generate disabilities affecting multiple aspects of life, including sexuality. Objective To describe the presence of sexual dysfunction and comorbidities in a population with chronic neurological disorders. To analyze the relationship between disability and sexual dysfunction. Methods A cross-sectional case-control study was carried out. Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and stroke of at least one year since the onset of symptoms were included, and compared with controls with no neurological disease, matched by age and sex. Results We included 71 participants: 29 controls, with a mean age of 49.4 years, and 42 patients with a mean age of 53.8 years. Sexual dysfunction was present in 22.5% of the controls and 77.5% of the patients. A statistically significant relationship between sexual dysfunction and disability was found in the logistic regression analysis (OR = 20.38, 95%CI: 2.5 –165.86). Conclusions Disability proved to be the main variable related to the presence of sexual dysfunction. Patients with ALS had the worst rates of sexual dysfunction. Patients with MS were similar to the control group. As for the PD group, no patient had normal sexuality. Finally, in stroke patients, the presence of comorbidities and their treatment may have negatively influenced sexuality. These findings showed that patients with chronic neurological diseases have sexual dysfunction and underscore the need for neurologists to know and address this problem.