bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A láz kezelésének modern szemléletéről a LázBarátTM program első eredményeinek fényében
Authors: Szőke Henrik , Fekete Ferenc , Kocsis Tibor , Szijjártó László , Nyul Zoltán , Kiss Ágnes , Betlehem József , Verzár Zsófia , Hajdu Ráfis János , Balogh Anikó
Published: February 2023

Bevezetés: A gyermekkori láz pozitív hatásáról mára számos
élettani, kórélettani és klinikai bizonyítékkal rendelkezünk. A lázhoz fűződő
viszonyulás a köztudatban mégis tartósan negatívvá vált. A szociológiai
kutatások ezt több tényezőre vezetik vissza: az indokolatlan félelemre, a
segítségkereső viselkedésre, a tünetmentességre és közérzetjavításra törekvés
komplex viselkedési mintázatára. A szemlélet változásának egyik kulcsa a
legújabb kutatások fényében összefügg az egészségügyi dolgozók és a laikusok ez
irányú tájékozottságának és egészségértésének változásával. Ebben a fiatal,
médiahasználó generáció szerepe meghatározó. Célkitűzés: Egy
olyan, hosszú távú kutatás létrehozása, melynek során médiaalapú „e-health”
eszközök segítségével a gyógyszerhasználat (antipiretikumok és antibiotikumok),
valamint az orvosi konzultációk száma csökkenthető, és a lázhoz való hozzáállás
változtatható. Módszer: Megfigyeléses, adaptív, prospektív
kohorszvizsgálatot indítottunk. A vizsgált intervenció egy nyilvánosan
hozzáférhető applikáció és a kapcsolt ismeretterjesztő Tudástár. A gondozók
önbevallással szolgáltatott adatait gyűjtjük. Az applikáció ezek
figyelembevételével differenciáldiagnosztikai algoritmus alapján döntéstámogató
állapotbesorolást nyújt. Eredmények: 1) A szakértő partnerek
100%-os konszenzussal Delfi-folyamat során határozták meg az applikációban
rögzítésre kerülő paramétereket, elsődleges és másodlagos kritériumokat,
valamint a vizsgálat adatgyűjtési és adatfeldolgozási módszertanát. 2) A
rendelkezésre álló hazai és nemzetközi irányvonalak alapján a fenti
paraméterekből hoztuk létre az állapotértékelési, döntéstámogató algoritmust,
mely hosszú távon gépi tanulás kiindulópontja lehet. 3) Kiértékeltük a 2020. 11.
01-től 2022. 06. 15-ig terjedő időszak demográfiai, lázas eseményekhez fűződő és
a lázcsillapítók használatát érintő alapadatokat.
Következtetés: A LázBarátTM projekt a lázas
gyermekek és felnőttek ellátása terén a bizonyítékokon alapuló modern
lázmenedzsmenttel hozzájárulhat a fennálló egészségügyi rendszer medikalizációs
és ellátási terheinek csökkentéséhez. A LázBarátTM program cél
szerinti viselkedésváltozást befolyásoló hatását további adatfeldolgozásnak kell
vizsgálnia. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(5): 179–185.
Qualitative characteristics of four Sicilian monofloral honeys from Apis mellifera ssp. sicula
Authors: Bambina Paola , Malvano Francesca , Cinquanta Claudio , Albanese Donatella , Cirrito Andrea , Mazza Francesca , Corona Onofrio
Published: February 2023

Four monofloral honeys, obtained from the Sicilian black bee by foraging on thistle, sulla, chestnut and eucalyptus, were studied. Results showed that the phenolic composition of chestnut honey was the highest (316 mg gallic acid equivalent GAE/kg), while that of sulla honey was the lowest (122 mg GAE/kg). Data confirmed a correlation between the total phenol content and colour intensity in chestnut honey, which was the darkest of the four samples. Sulla honey showed the highest antioxidant activity, while eucalyptus honey had the highest mineral content (K, Ca, Mg, and Na). Thistle honey showed the most intense floral and fruity aromas, as well as an intense -yellow colour. Principal component analysis showed the potential to discriminate different honeys in three different quadrants.
Socio-Demographic Construct of Social Loneliness in Modern Russia
Authors: Ildarhanova Chulpan I. , Gnevasheva Vera A.
Published: February 2023

The article examines the theory and methodology behind social loneliness in the family context, as well as empirically assessing the socio-demographic manifestation of this phenomenon in modern Russia. Several factors exacerbating and minimizing social loneliness are presented. A strong emphasis is placed on the importance of families in alleviating social loneliness and on family construct preservation. Using the cluster method, the authors analyze criteria-defined groups from the general sample of an empirical study that was held by the Family and Demography Center of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences (TAS) in 2022. As a result, a conclusion is drawn about factors that the respondents consider to be the most significant in minimizing social loneliness. In this connection, the authors find it important to define the family as a synergistic mechanism for reducing such social risks and assess the risks of transforming the traditional family construct. In addition, the study uses the female subsample to examine the role of gender in the severity of social loneliness. Determining the role of women in the creation of family relations and the transfer of social value-based attitudes, the authors assess the family construct stability and the likely features of its transformation to develop a preventive socio-demographic policy for reducing social deviation and maintaining stable social value-based relationships.
Non-Formal Education as a Resource of Social Inclusion: Intergenerational Approach
Authors: Kicherova Marina N. , Efimova Galina Z. , Gertsen Svetlana M.
Published: February 2023

This article contributes to a better understanding of theoretical models and empirical evidence revealing the impact of social inclusion of non-formal education on professional and personal development in the context of five generations. Based on the typology of peculiar generations in the non-formal education market, including their interest and motivation, we have identified the differences between the benefits and the barriers to social inclusion in order to overcome social inequalities and digital inequities. Due to the fact that all generations use non-formal education, but its contribution to social inclusion differs from generation to generation, our research questions are as following: What is the impact of non-formal education on social inclusion? How do non-formal education practices differ across generations? The article critically engages with non-formal education as a resource of social inclusion highlighting the low level of inclusion of five generations. To show the specificity of five generations’ social inclusion we develop a data collection method including a questionnaire survey of the population based on the typology of generations. As such, the research shows that today inclusion through non-formal education, mobility in the labor market due to retraining, as well as inclusion in new social ties, study groups, adaptation to new challenges do have generational characteristics.
The Role of Managers’ Cultural Intelligence and Demographic Variables in Building Trust in Business Relations
Authors: Boštjančič Eva , Ismagilova Fayruza S. , Pavlović Milijašević Sara
Published: February 2023

This article examines the role of such factors as gender, age, nationality, and cultural intelligence in building trust between business partners coming from different countries. The research involved 560 employees, of which 115 were Croatians (20.5%), 114—Russians (20.4%), and 331—Slovenians (59.1%). In addition to socio-demographic questions (gender, age, nationality), we employed the Organizational Trust Inventory and the Cultural Intelligence Scale. The research was made available to the participants online and in three language versions—Croatian, Russian, and Slovenian. We discovered that gender played the greatest role in building trust between business partners, since women rated all trust components higher than men. Cultural intelligence, nationality, and age are not predictors of trust among business partners. Our data contributes to a clearer understanding of the ambiguity of predictors of trust. While previous studies have focused on cultural intelligence as a factor in successful international interaction, our results show that cultural identity retains its importance even in the context of globalization and international cooperation.
Genetic identification of juvenile pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum) in the Okhotsk Sea basin based on the results of restriction analysis of mitochondrial DNA and analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphism
Authors: Kositsyna A. I. , Shpigalskaya N. Yu. , Sergeev A. A. , Soshnina V. A. , Savenkov V. V. , Denisenko A. D. , Muravskaya U. O. , Zelenina D. A.
Published: February 2023

Data on the regional composition of marine mixed aggregations of young pink salmon in the Okhotsk Sea basin during the post-catadromic migrations in 2021 are presented. The high probability of significant prevalence of spawning returns of southern stock complex of pink salmon and sharp decrease of their returns to the northern regions in 2022 are revealed. Identification estimates of juvenile fish obtained from RFLP analysis of mtDNA and analysis of SNP-loci allelic variability were correlated with the values of actual regional catches and spawning runs. A close correspondence between calculated estimates and actual data for the northern herd complex was noted. Results of the genetic identification were somewhat underestimated for the Sakhalin- Kuril Region and overestimated for the southern part of the continental coast of the Sea of Okhotsk.
Self-perceived health in older adults with low education: demographic, social and health-related behavior factors
Authors: Kretschmer Andressa Carine , Loch Mathias Roberto
Published: February 2023

Abstract Objective To verify the relationship between positive self-perception of health (positive SPH) in less-educated older adults and demographic, social participation, and behavioral variables. Methods This was a cross-sectional study (n=12,367), with elderly people over 60 years old of both sexes, with up to four years of study from several cities in Brazil, interviewed by the National Health Survey of the year 2019. For the analysis of data, the prevalence was initially described, and later, three Poisson regression models with robust adjustment for variance were constructed, with the analyzes being stratified by sex Results The prevalence of positive SPH was 38.8% in men and 34.8% in women. The last regression model built revealed associations with a lower positive SPH prevalence in black or brown women. In contrast, higher prevalence levels were found in single women, with higher income, participating in some associations, engaged in religious activities, visiting the doctor more often, physically active, and regularly consuming fruits and vegetables. In men, relationships with lower prevalence were found in blacks or browns and widowers, and higher prevalence levels were found in those engaging in religious activities and visiting the doctor more often. Conclusions The study reinforces the importance of policies aimed at improving income, promoting healthy behaviors and encouraging social participation.
Autopercepção de saúde em idosos de baixa escolaridade: fatores demográficos, sociais e de comportamentos em saúde relacionados
Authors: Kretschmer Andressa Carine , Loch Mathias Roberto
Published: February 2023

Resumo Objetivo Verificar a relação entre a autopercepção de saúde positiva (AS positiva) em idosos de baixa escolaridade com variáveis demográficas, de participação social e comportamentais. Método Tratou-se de um estudo transversal (n=12.367), com idosos de mais de 60 anos de ambos os sexos, com até quatro anos de estudo de diversas cidades do Brasil entrevistados pela Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do ano de 2019. Para a análise de dados, inicialmente, realizou-se a descrição das prevalências e, posteriormente, construíram-se três modelos de regressão de Poisson com ajuste robusto para variância, sendo as análises estratificadas por sexo. Resultados A prevalência de AS positiva foi de 38,8% nos homens e 34,8% nas mulheres. No último modelo de regressão construído foram encontradas associações com menores prevalências de AS positiva nas mulheres pretas ou pardas, enquanto maiores prevalências foram encontradas nas solteiras, com renda mais elevada, que participam de alguma associação, de atividades religiosas, iam ao médico com mais frequência, eram fisicamente ativas e consumiam regularmente frutas e hortaliças. Nos homens, foram encontradas menores prevalências nos pretos ou pardos e nos viúvos, já maiores prevalências foram encontradas naqueles que participavam de atividades religiosas e iam ao médico mais frequentemente. Conclusões O estudo reforça a importância de políticas para a melhoria de renda, bem como para promoção de comportamentos saudáveis e estímulo a participação social.
O LAPSO: ECHOES OF CHARLES LAMB IN THE SCIENCE OF PAYING
Authors: ANNUNCIAÇÃO VIVIANE CARVALHO DA
Published: February 2023

Abstract This article analyses the short story ‘O Lapso’ (1883). It demonstrates how Machado de Assis connects social medicine and the capitalist system via a quote by the early Romantic writer Charles Lamb. Resorting to a fragmentary and ironic narrative style, the narrator recollects the story of how the Dutch doctor Jeremias Halma cures the nobleman Nicolau of a fantastic disease which prevents him from understanding why he has to pay for services. Through intricate intertextual references, Machado demonstrates how Imperial capitalism reduces social relations to an intense game of competition and self-interest, which characterises the coloniality of power in nineteenth-century Brazil.
Qualidade das práticas de profissionais dos programas de controle de infecção no Brasil: estudo transversal
Authors: Alvim André Luiz Silva , Couto Bráulio Roberto Marinho Gonçalves , Gazzinelli Andrea
Published: February 2023

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a qualidade das práticas de profissionais dos programas de controle de infecção em relação aos componentes de estrutura, processo e resultado. Método Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem quantitativa, do tipo descritivo e transversal realizado em 114 serviços de controle de infecção hospitalar das cinco regiões oficiais do Brasil. Coletaram-se os dados por meio de um instrumento estruturado, cujas propriedades psicométricas foram validadas previamente. O tratamento dos dados foi realizado pela análise de componentes principais e o teste não paramétrico Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados O melhor índice de qualidade dos programas de controle de infecção foi atribuído à região Sul, aos hospitais que continham 300 leitos ou mais, aos que utilizavam o critério National Healthcare Safety Network para vigilância das infecções e aos locais que realizavam busca ativa prospectiva como método de vigilância. Conclusão e implicações para a prática O índice de qualidade dos programas de controle de infecção está relacionado à localização, ao tamanho do hospital e ao método adotado para vigilância de infecções. A criação de um índice de qualidade, até então inédito em estudos nacionais, chama atenção para o desempenho precário dos serviços de saúde.
PSYCHOSOCIAL REPERCUSSIONS OF RADIOTHERAPY TREATMENT FOR CERVICAL CANCER: A QUALITATIVE APPROACH
Authors: Pimentel Natalia Beatriz Lima , Modesto Felipe Cardoso , Lima Vivian Cristina Gama Souza , Oliveira Adriana Maria de , Andrade Karla Biancha Silva de , Fuly Patrícia dos Santos Claro , Santos Mauro Salvador Caldeira dos
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the psychosocial repercussions of post radiotherapy treatment for cervical cancer. Method: qualitative study, with the participation of patients in post radiotherapy treatment for cervical cancer in an onco-gynecologic nursing outpatient clinic, located in the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro - Brazil. Data were collected during the months of March and April 2019 by means of open interview and submitted to content analysis. Results: four categories were defined: the construct of social roles: the loss of female identity; the sexuality of post-treated women for cervical cancer: marital repercussions; difficulties in adapting to the new life condition: rebuilding the body image; living with cervical cancer: rethinking life and rebuilding values through the support network. Final considerations: the results contribute to the direction of care, increasing the quality of life and helping these women reorganize their professional, social, and family lives.
Conventional Therapies of Oral Cancers: Highlights on Chemotherapeutic Agents and Radiotherapy, Their Adverse Effects, and the Cost Burden of Conventional Therapies
Authors: Shah Rima , Shah Heeya , Thakkar Keval , Parikh Nisarg
Published: February 2023

Oral cancer (OC) is increasing worldwide, and it is mostly present to clinic in the late-stage of disease. Cancer of the lips, tongue, hard palate, upper and lower gingiva, buccal mucosa, and retromolar trigone are all included in the category of oral cavity cancer. Disease symptomatology and pathological grading decides the course of treatment. Several treatment modalities either alone in combinations may be utilized for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), including surgery, radiotherapy (external beam radiotherapy/brachytherapy), and adjuvant systemic therapy (chemotherapy or immunotherapy). Cancer patients also face a greater risk of oral side effects from chemotherapy, such as slowed tissue healing, bone, and salivary gland damage and disintegration, and disruption of the normal bacterial balance in the mouth. Consequently, the economic burden of the salivary gland, oral cavity, and oropharyngeal cancers must be also known for budget allocation, designing different programs and management strategies targeting oral cancers by any healthcare institutes. This article provides a summary of the most recent research that supports the use of chemotherapy for patients with advanced illness both alone and in conjunction with radiation including its adverse events and cost burden for oral cancers.
Conceptos generales del análisis dinámico de estructuras
Authors:   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Gutiérrez Aguilera Pedro Alexander
Published: February 2023

El diseño estructural requiere inicialmente de un adecuado análisis de las fuerzas o acciones externas actuantes en la estructura, las cuales generan acciones internas de diferente índole, por lo que es fundamental conocer las formas en que se clasifican estas acciones, tanto externas como internas. Las acciones externas, por su parte, presentan una amplia clasificación dependiendo de su modo de aplicación, permanencia, estabilidad, origen, extensión, lugar de aplicación, entre otros aspectos. El título B del Reglamento Colombiano de Construcción Sismo Resistente NSR-10 establece los valores mínimos utilizables para la evaluación de las cargas gravitacionales, las cuales hacen parte de las acciones externas por considerar en el análisis de una estructura. Por otra parte, las acciones internas corresponden a las respuestas estructurales requeridas para el diseño, y su clasificación se reduce a fuerzas cortantes, fuerzas axiales, momentos flectores y momentos torsores. El estudio de las acciones es importante porque inicialmente existe una relación casi lineal con los desplazamientos generados en la mayoría de los materiales estructurales, lo cual es interesante desde el punto de vista del diseño estructural. Este comportamiento es la base fundamental de varias teorías, principios y métodos de diseño clásicos en el área de las estructuras, muchos de los cuales son empleados hoy en día en el análisis y diseño estructural.
Residuos de madera. Impacto Social, Económico y Ambiental
Authors:   Universidad del Atlántico, Solano Benavides Elcira , Alandete Brochero Nelson ,   Universidad del Atlántico, Estrada López Hilda ,   Universidad del Atlántico
Published: February 2023

La producción de muebles de madera y actividades de ebanistería, generan cantidades considerables de desechos en forma de aserrín y pequeños pedazos de madera, que causan problemas ambientales. Por otro lado, este sector está conformado por Pymes que generan un impacto económico y social en la región. Dada la importancia del sector de muebles de madera, el presente libro tiene como objetivo evaluar el impacto económico, social y ambiental que generan los residuos de madera generados por cinco fábricas de muebels en el municipio de Galapa, del departamento del Atlántico. Para ello, se establecieron tres objetivos específicos con sus respectivas metodologías.
Absoluter Idealismus. Bericht
Authors: Goetz Rainald
Published: February 2023

Die Erkenntnis hatte sich blitzhaft ereignet, am Rad, in fliegender Fahrt in Gedanken, als ich hinter der Trambahn her über die weite, völlig freie Kreuzung beim Oranienburgertor dahinradelte und nach dem Überqueren der Torstraße die Fahrradpolizisten hinter mir sah, erschrak, weil ich wußte, das wird teuer, und dann war der Gedanke weg, ausgelöscht vom Gefühl der Verwirrung durch die Interaktion mit den dick mit Utensilien der Strafverfolgung bepackten Polizistinnen, es waren tatsächlich zwei Frauen. Ich war von der Idee durchzuckt gewesen, daß die Dinge sich dem Denken ganz allgemein in blitzhaften Assoziationskaskaden eröffnen würden, und daß die Rekonstruktion dieser Blitze im nachfassenden Denken, in Schrift, im Text, das jeweilige Ding dann richtig erfassen würde, wenn DAS KLEINGEDRUCKTE dieser Rekonstruktion auch dem realen inneren Zusammenhang des Dings entsprechen würde.
«Hier wohnte – auch – Billy Wilder»
Authors: Bisky Jens
Published: February 2023

Ausgerechnet Gedenktafeln schienen dem Verleger Wolf Jobst Siedler die Geschichtslosigkeit Berlins zu belegen. Besonders eine aus griechischem Marmor mit dunklen Messingbuchstaben am Viktoria-Luise-Platz versetzte ihn in Rage. Zwei Häuser neben dem Sitz seines Verlages, an einem Neubau in Kieselkratzputz, stand seit 1993 in Versalien: «Hier wohnte von 1927 bis 1928 auch Billy Wilder, Filmregisseur, 22.6.1906» (Abb. 1). «Nur ein Dreivierteljahr lang» habe Wilder hier gewohnt, moniert der Verleger mit dem historischen Zeigefinger in seine Erinnerungen, auch sei dieser damals nicht berühmt gewesen, sondern bloß «der unbekannte deutsche Wilder, als er noch Samuel hiess.» Der Abschnitt über Berliner Gedenktafeln endet auf dem hohen Ton des Generalverdikts: «Jahrzehntelang hat man sich nicht um Berlins Vergangenheit geschert, jetzt sucht man auch die banalsten Orte zu historisieren. Das heutige Gedenken ist so geschichtslos wie das gestrige Vergessen.»
Bananen. Eine kleingedruckte Assoziation Europas
Authors: Scholz Danilo
Published: February 2023

Der Anlass war feierlich, das Thema prosaisch, der Ton süffisant: Als Hans Magnus Enzensberger 2010 in Kopenhagen seine Dankesrede anlässlich der Verleihung des Sonning-Preises für besondere kulturelle Leistungen hielt, knöpfte er sich ein kontinentales Institutionengefüge vor. Der freie Geist schien es sichtlich zu genießen, seinen inneren Wutbürger vor dem dänischen Publikum einmal Gassi zu führen: «Was aber die Bewohner unseres Erdteils am meisten nervt, ist der Regelungswahn der Brüsseler Behörden.» Ob die Überschrift der in der Frankfurter Allgemeinen Zeitung abgedruckten Rede – «Wehrt Euch gegen die Bananendemokratie!» – auf Enzensberger zurückgeht, ist unsicher. Fraglos war sie als Aufruf zur Revolte angelegt – oder liebäugelte sie doch eher augenzwinkernd mit dem Simulakrum eines Schlachtrufes? «Wo kämen wir denn hin», polterte Enzensberger ergriffen von spielerisch ummantelter Erregung, «wenn unsere Bananen weniger als vierzehn Zentimeter lang wären!»
Technological Threat and Risk of Being
Authors:   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Avanesov Sergey S.
Published: February 2023

This article poses the problem of the influence of technological progress on the way of human existence. The development of modern technologies, according to some forecasts, may lead to the “replacement” and/or “displacement” of a person from reality. Such a forecast forces us to take a fresh look at the general problem of technology as an “anthropological threat”. It cannot be said that a technical device as such physically threatens a person. Moreover, the progress of technology represents itself precisely in the fact that technical devices are becoming not only more and more complex, but also more and more safe for humans. We should talk about an existential threat, that is, about the danger that awaits humanity as an intelligent form of life on the way of realizing its existence. Therefore, the problem may lie in the fact that technique/technology is capable of completely ousting a person from the history of the world. The cognitive context of research is given by the critical analysis of the concept of risk. I show that risk is a key factor in being human because one acts as a free and responsible being. Reducing the level of risk (that is, improving the level of safety) is directly related to the reduction of human existence to the sum of quantifiable data. It is this trend that leads to the “domination of technology over man” and to the abandonment of freedom/responsibility in favor of “smart” technologies. This perspective of the development of events can be corrected with the help of a humanitarian examination of technical progress. The methodology of such a correction can be built on the basis of the approach demonstrated by Martin Heidegger in his reports devoted to the analysis of the essence of modern technique. Heidegger showed that the technical approach to reality simplifies being to the level of the world “at disposal”. Heidegger calls the principle of such an ontological reduction by the term “Gestell”. By focusing on Gestell, a person renounces their mission, loses their freedom and existential identity. However, even in this situation, humanity has hope for the restoration of the fullness of being and liberation from reductionism. This requires, if we recall the ethics of Spinoza, not to allow the transformation of fear into despair, and hope into safety. As long as the fear of possible threats contains uncertainty and, therefore, has hope as its reverse side, a person has the opportunity to change the state of affairs. A person will never be defeated by a technology/program if they doe not agree to reduce themselves to the level of an “intelligent machine” or information model. Consequently, the problems of modern technologies can be adequately formulated and correctly solved only in the field of anthropology.
Organization of Retail in Tomsk Oblast in 1992-1995
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Glushchenko Olga А.
Published: February 2023

The article discusses the development of trade and entrepreneurship in the period of emerging market relations in 1992-1995 on the example of Tomsk Oblast. The aim of the article is to characterize the behavior of entrepreneurs in a transitional economy and the building of relationships between trade and food industry. To explore this issue, periodical materials of Tomsk Oblast, regulatory and legislative acts of the period were used. Using methods of historical research (systems analysis, the historical-genetic method), a number of conclusions about entrepreneurs' adaptation to the conditions of a market economy were made. This study provides examples of how businesses and trade responded to changes in the economy and highlights the adaptation mechanisms of food processing enterprises that were applied in other industries. In 1992-1995, entrepreneurs took advantage of opportunities that gave quick results, but were not suitable for the long term. This is justified by the fact that the emerging unstable economic situation and the formation of the legal framework required quick reactions from economic entities. The practice of opening branded outlets was widely used, excluding retail stores from the chain. The example of Tomsk Oblast shows the non-payment crisis of the first half of the 1990s, and the practice of overcoming it by Tomsk entrepreneurs. Among the trade enterprises in Tomsk, small ones prevailed, with up to 15 employees. The formation of the legal field lagged behind the rapidly developing economic relations, which entrepreneurs used for personal gain, for example, to fix prices, choose liquid product for sale. By the mid-1990s, basic retail norms had been formed; they were often neglected, leading to trade in substandard goods. At the first stage of the formation of market relations, it was not possible to build strong ties for trading entrepreneurs sought to obtain quick profits, used practices of integration into economic relations that were ineffective in the long term, and neglected the rules and requirements for trading activities. Based on this study, it can be concluded that the mechanisms and practices, relevant for Tomsk Oblast, that trading entrepreneurs used were in demand in other regions of the country since federal regulations formed a single legal framework for the development of economic relations.
In the “History of Human Sacrifice”: Pyotr Vologodsky and the Tomsk Pogrom of 1905
Authors:   University of Tyumen, Krestiannikov Evgenii А.
Published: February 2023

The aim of the article is to study the various aspects of Pyotr Vologodsky's relation to the Tomsk pogrom in October 1905 and the clarification of his roles in the scenarios of the unrest. Using microhistorical detailing and comparative methods, the lawyer's participation in the actions that preceded the bloodshed, the behavior at the time of conflict escalation and after it is reconstructed. The clerical materials, periodicals, memoirs, and other historical sources involved in the study can significantly supplement knowledge of one of the bloodiest episodes in the history of Tomsk and establish that the future Prime Minister of the anti-Bolshevik governments had a direct relation to it in different ways. He was a political and public figure who discredited state power, supported initiatives that had the effect of destabilizing the situation in the city. Thanks to personal and business ties, Vologodsky was among the most influential figures in the ranks of the Tomsk opposition, who nurtured the idea of eliminating the police and creating a new security system in the city. On the eve of the pogrom, the opposition formulated a demand for the resignation of the heads of the local state apparatus and revolutionized the situation. In anticipation of the riots, the politician became a victim of violence when he defended the rallying youth; during the looting of the property of the townspeople, his apartment miraculously escaped defeat. Being an authoritative lawyer, Vologodsky held a leading position in the regional legal community. The lawyer had long-standing acquaintances with judicial figures who played an important role in the liberation movement, who were responsible for investigating crimes after the pogrom. Vologodsky was a prominent publicist and had the ability to influence public opinion through the Tomsk press. In solidarity with other opponents of the autocracy, he declared the leaders of local administrations and police responsible for the pogrom through the newspaper Sibirskiy Vestnik. Confrontation with the authorities made him leave the city in February 1906. At the trial procedure of the Tomsk pogrom of 1909 the defendants were minor persons. The speech in this process as a defender of the interests of civil plaintiffs did not belong to the glorious pages of Vologodsky's lawyer career. There were few convicts, and most of them deserved pardon by the emperor. Explaining the bloodshed, Vologodsky denied the crucial importance of the rioters' hatred of the Jews and saw the underlying causes of the riots in breaking social relations caused by modernization processes.
Main Scientific Fields of Modern English-Language Historiography of the Thirty Years' War History
Authors:   Altai State Pedagogical University, Lydin Nikolai N.
Published: February 2023

The article explores the history of the Danish period of the Thirty Years' War in the English-language historiography of the 20th and 21st centuries. The main characteristics of British historiography at the beginning of Modern History are presented. The article gives a brief overview of the main scientific patterns of studying events of the Danish period. English-language historiography refers not only to achievements of scientists from the United Kingdom and the United States, but also to publications of any other European historians made in English and actively used in historical society. In general, the use of achievements of scientists from other countries in the study of the Thirty Years' War history is quite typical for English-language historiography. This can be explained by the situation when parallelly with this “continental” war came the outcome of the English Civil War, which is steadily more interesting for British historians. The English-language historiography of the Thirty Years' War at the present stage represents both traditional themes of military history and new topics that appeared in the second half of the 20th century. Among the traditional, we can highlight descriptions of various military campaigns and battles, biographies of talented generals, kings and politicians. Among the new, we can note different attempts to expand the chronological and territorial framework of the war, as well as the use of the Thirty Years' War as one of the illustrations of the processes of military revolution or evolution in the European military art and technologies of the 16th-17th centuries. In relation to the Danish period, the concept that evaluates the war as a catalyst for further changes in the Danish political structure seems to be the most relevant. In general, the historiography of the Thirty Years' War can be characterized as successive, using many of predecessors' achievements; on the other hand, there is a high degree of openness in British and American scientific community for foreign researchers and the emergence of a sufficiently large number of fundamentally new areas of research. At the same time, unfortunately, the Thirty Years' War is still not the most demanded topic of military history, substantially inferior to the national English and American, as well as Modern History, topics. The Danish period of the war turned out to be the least interesting for historians. Its chronological arrangement between the issues of religion and the alignment of forces at the beginning of the war and the Swedish “military revolution” leads to the fact that the Danish period remains a rather poorly studied stage of the Thirty Years' War.
The Academic Science in Evacuation: The Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union in 1941-1943
Authors:   Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Metel Olga V.
Published: February 2023

The article explores the scientific work of historians of the Institute of History of the USSR Academy of Sciences who were in evacuation in 1941-1943. The author employed a wide range of historical sources in the study: letters, memories, scientists' diaries, materials of scientific journals, office documents, scientific works. The author used traditional methods of historical analysis: historical-genetic and comparative-historical. At the first stage of the study, the author considered the circumstances of the evacuation of the Institute of History and identified the main centers where historians were sent from Moscow. These cities were Kazan, Yekaterinburg, Almaty, Tomsk, and other cities. Tashkent was the main center of the Institute of History during the evacuation. At the second stage, the author studied scientists' living conditions during the evacuation (in Tashkent and Almaty). At the third stage, the author analyzed the main directions of historians' work during the evacuation. Historians of the Institute of History worked in two main directions during the evacuation: solving the tasks set by the battlefront and the host republics, and continuing their own research. During the war, historians gave pop-science lectures in hospitals, factories, and prepared pop-science works that told about the past wars of the Russian people. In Tashkent and Almaty, evacuated historians began writing works on the history of Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. During the war, historians of the Institute of History paid much attention to the teaching of historical subjects. Groups of historians of the Institute in Tashkent and Almaty prepared handbooks for secondary school teachers and gave lectures for teachers. During the evacuation, Moscow historians sought to return to their collective and individual research projects. However, since they could not take all their materials with them, they could not fully implement their plans. For example, S.B. Veselovsky in Tashkent asked his colleagues who remained in Moscow to help him get books from his personal library. Despite this, many employees of the Institute of History in Tashkent or Almaty wrote some articles and monographs, finished working on the texts of candidate and doctoral dissertations and even defended them. The evacuation affected Moscow historians and local scientific schools. Strong contacts were established between them. In addition, the evacuation had a serious impact on the structure of the Soviet academic science. The evacuation ensured the status of the main center of the Soviet academic science for Moscow.
Moderate Foundationalism in Husserl's Phenomenology
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy and Law, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Berdaus Svetlana V.
Published: February 2023

The article deals with the problem of knowledge justification in Husserl's phenomenology. The author of the article shows that, in the matter of justification of knowledge, Husserl's phenomenology does not fully meet the requirements of either foundationalism or coherentism. The fundamentalist way of reasoning assumes the presence of basic beliefs, from which all inference beliefs are derived. One of the most paradigmatic examples of foundationalism is the Cartesian “cogito ergo sum”, and it is this kind of justification that is present in phenomenology. However, the Cartesian method of justification is accepted by Husserl in a truncated form: the ego is the source of apodictic evidence, but it cannot guarantee the adequacy of subsequent conclusions. In this regard, the author of the article comes to the conclusion that Husserl is a moderate foundationalist in the matter of knowledge justification. In search of an explanatory principle for such a position, a hypothesis is expressed about the asymmetry between epistemological and ontological approaches to the interpretation of the ego's experience in Husserl's phenomenology. A non-epistemic understanding of the ego's experience presupposes the recognition of the obviousness of the existence of the ego as a thinking instance, while an epistemic understanding concerns all peripheral superstructures of the ego, which, in fact, are inferential knowledge from the basic belief given by the formulation cogito ergo sum. The presence of these restrictions forced Dagfinn Follesdahl to qualify Husserl's phenomenology as a kind of coherentism. The author of the article objects to this, believing that phenomenology cannot be considered either as a form of coherentism or as a form of (strong) foundationalism. Based on William Alston's thesis on the combination of epistemic and non-epistemic beliefs in a rethought type of foundationalism and on the works of LLaurence BonJour, the author of the article comes to the conclusion that Husserl's phenomenology should be understood as moderate foundationalism. The specificity of phenomenology -its appeal to the experience of the transcendental ego - leads to the fact that the pre-predicative structures of consciousness become the criterion of validity as such. Thus, moderate foundationalism in phenomenology boils down to the fact that Husserl recognized the undoubted evidence of the non-epistemic experience of the ego experience and, on the other hand, saw the possibility of correcting epistemic beliefs that do not affect the fundamental nature of the non-derivative basis.
Literature Review: Metaphor Research in Language Learning via Methods of Cognitive and Applied Linguistics
Authors:   North-Caucasus Federal University, Golovko Nikolay V. , Sheiko Darya V. ,   North-Caucasus Federal University
Published: February 2023

Metaphor is a traditional research object in linguistics. Works on the analysis of this phenomenon using methods of cognitive and applied linguistics in texts of various kinds are numerous and continue to accumulate. Peculiarities of the formation of metaphorical competence in language learners and native speakers can also be considered as an urgent area of research. In this regard, compilation of a review of studies on metaphors in the context of teaching and learning foreign languages using methods of cognitive and applied linguistics seems relevant and significant. This direction, on the one hand, is sufficiently developed and multifaceted for the accumulation of a significant number of publications that require comprehension and systematization (up to existence of graduation projects on it), and, on the other hand, it has a sufficient degree of novelty in order not to duplicate existing review materials, since, in particular, in Russian-language studies, problems of the metaphorical competence of students of foreign languages were posed and began to be considered relatively recently. Research materials were English-language and Russian-language research articles with full-text free access, published mainly in peer-reviewed scientific editions over the past 10 years, a total of 40. As a result of processing the material using general scientific methods of analysis, comparison and synthesis, a critical assessment was given in regards to the current state of affairs in the corresponding areas of research. The examination of English-language publications showed that foreign authors pay attention to simple and intuitive cases of metaphorical transfer, and also use conceptual metaphors mainly as a research tool that allows assessing the perception of various aspects of the pedagogical process or the language studied. The review of Russian-language publications revealed that domestic authors actively explore the metaphorical competence of students, develop new methods and techniques, clarify terminology, collect materials for further processing, but they often publish overly theorized works and are not always methodologically accurate. Also, the study of the collected works demonstrates the lack of a common basis for carrying out research of this kind. The results of the study led to the conclusion that application of the cognitive-linguistic approach to studies of foreign languages, largely based on working with metaphors, is considered by foreign and domestic researchers as a promising direction; however, de facto, the results obtained often do not correspond to this optimism: many works are narrow and typical, and at the same time end with bold generalizations; studies in this area as a whole lack a research perspective. The directions of further research, regarded as the most interesting, potentially fruitful and promising by the authors of this article, are also highlighted.
Selected Issues of Organizing the Domestic Prosecutor's Office Penitentiary Supervision
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Voronin Oleg V.
Published: February 2023

The organization of penitentiary supervision in general terms can be defined as creating conditions for penitentiary supervision and implementing it in order to ensure the rule of law in places of forced isolation. The directions of penitentiary supervision are determined taking into account the subject and limits of supervision; they are based on a subject-object approach. Of primary importance in determining the design of penitentiary supervision is the content of specific measures of compulsory isolation and the nature of the bodies and institutions (places) that implement these measures. Therefore, structural directions should be distinguished in the design of penitentiary supervision that cover the supervision over the legality of implementing all existing measures of compulsory isolation and the activities of the bodies and institutions (places) that implement them. To date, the following issues of organization (implementation) of prosecutor's supervision over the legality of implementing penitentiary supervision remain uncovered (or insufficiently covered): detention of suspects; confinement in the guardhouse as the execution of criminal procedural detention and/or preliminary detention; convoy and transportation of convicts and other persons serving compulsory isolation; operational-search and criminal-procedural activities in places of forced isolation, etc. The structure of the organization of supervision over the legality of penitentiary isolation includes: the legality of being in places of compulsory isolation (this covers, inter alia, the legality of placement, relocation, and release) and the ensuring of compliance with the legal status of persons serving compulsory isolation (this also includes the procedure and conditions for serving it). In addition, within each of these areas, issues related to the conduct of prosecutor's inspections are separately identified. The improvement of the design of penitentiary supervision consists in the maximum coverage of the directions of prosecutor's supervision over the legality of the implementation of penitentiary isolation measures, in the optimization of the structure of their organization (content), and in the reorganization of the activities of the specialized prosecutor's office on supervising the observance of laws in correctional institutions.