bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CD38 ligation in sepsis promotes nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase-mediated IL-6 production in kidney stromal cells
Authors: Suzuki Yuya , Otsuka Tadashi , Takahashi Yusuke , Maruyama Shingo , Annenkov Alexey , Kanda Yasuhiro , Katakai Tomoya , Watanabe Hirofumi , Ohashi Riuko , Kaneko Yoshikatsu , Narita Ichiei
Published: November 2024

Background

Activated macrophages, pivotal for driving the immune response in sepsis, express high levels of CD38. Although the circulating levels of its ligand, CD31, increase in sepsis, the functions of CD38 and its ligation remain elusive. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of CD38 ligation on sepsis using single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq and snRNA-seq, respectively) to identify a novel therapeutic target for severe sepsis.

Methods

We performed scRNA-seq analysis of mouse peritoneal immune cells to precisely identify cell types exhibiting increased CD38 expression upon exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Subsequently we induced CD38 ligation using a well-established agonistic anti-CD38 antibody in a mouse model of LPS-induced sepsis. We analysed its pathophysiological effects using kidney snRNA-seq. Finally, we performed histological analysis of septic tissues collected from patients to ensure consistency of our findings between mice and humans.

Results

LPS stimulation upregulated CD38 expression in peritoneal macrophages. CD38 ligation significantly exacerbated LPS-induced inflammation in vivo, particularly in the kidneys. Kidney snRNA-seq analysis revealed that CD38 ligation induced interleukin (IL)-6 production in renal stromal cells via nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) signalling originating from CD38-positive macrophages. NAMPT inhibition significantly ameliorated LPS-induced IL-6 production and kidney injury. Histological analysis of human septic tissues demonstrated upregulation of IL6 messenger RNA and NAMPT in renal stromal cells and CD38-positive macrophages, respectively.

Conclusion

Our findings elucidate the implications of CD38 ligation in an LPS-induced sepsis model and uncover shared signalling pathways between mice and human sepsis. NAMPT signalling identified in this study may be a novel therapeutic target for mitigating systemic inflammation and kidney injury associated with severe sepsis.
Harriet Ann Jacobs
Authors: Gunning Sandra
Published: November 2024

Now celebrated for her classic slave narrative Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (1861), Harriet Ann Jacobs (b. 1813–d. 1897) was an abolitionist, educator, and advocate for former slaves during and after the American Civil War. Born in Edenton, North Carolina, to enslaved parents Delilah and Elijah, Jacobs learned to read and write from her mistress Margaret Horniblow. On the latter’s death in 1825 Harriet Jacobs and her brother John Swanson Jacobs entered the household of Dr. James Norcom who for the next four years subjected her to intense sexual harassment. Finally in 1829, after Norcom refused an offer of sale from Jacobs’s free Black lover, she engaged in a sexual affair with Norcom’s white neighbor Samuel Tredwell Sawyer. Here she gambled that Sawyer’s affections might lead him to purchase her, and though she expressed great shame in Incidents regarding this stratagem, she argued against judging enslaved women who only sought to protect themselves. In 1835 after the birth of son Joseph and daughter Louisa, Jacobs hid in the attic space of her grandmother’s house, tricking Norcom into believing she had fled North. Assuming Jacobs was entirely out of reach, Norcom sold the children and their uncle John Swanson Jacobs to a slave trader with whom Sawyer was secretly in league. Sawyer purchased all three. With her family safe now from Norcom, Jacobs finally escaped to New York in 1842, seven years after going into hiding. Once North, Jacobs reunited with her children and brother, only to find herself in danger yet again with the passage of the 1850 Fugitive Slave Law. Though Norcom was now dead, his daughter pursued Jacobs, until white friends arranged for her purchase in 1852. Finally free and with national tensions rising over the question of slavery, Jacobs published her life story as Incidents in 1861, under the pseudonym “Linda Brent” and with the aid of Lydia Maria Child. For the next five years she traveled with the now adult Louisa, performing relief work among displaced ex-slaves in Washington, DC, Alexandria, Virginia, and Savannah, Georgia. In 1867, after a failed attempt to raise funds in Britain to aid freed people, Jacobs faced dwindling financial resources. For the rest of their lives Jacobs and Louisa struggled to support themselves. At times they took in boarders, sold homemade preserves, or in Louisa’s case took short-lived teaching and clerical jobs. Harriet Jacobs died in 1897 and is buried in Boston’s Auburn Cemetery.
Social Work Theory
Authors: Payne Malcolm
Published: November 2024

Theory offers generalized, organized sets of ideas that describe and explain knowledge of the world. The boundary and compass of social work theory is contested, reflecting cultural and national or regional assumptions and concerns. Theory about the nature of social work is distinguishable from theory about how to do social work (“practice theory”) and theory about clients or service users (both individual and collective) and the issues they present social workers with. Theoretical work sometimes includes analysis or reflection on conceptualizations relevant to social work, ethics and values of social work, generalizations about management and organization of practice, principles underlying practice, and political and policy perspectives on issues that social workers deal with. To some degree these categories overlap and represent different approaches to consideration of social work, its intellectual field, its occupational identity, and its practice. Social work theory also interacts with theory in the broader humanities and social sciences, for example ideas about dependence, freedom, governmentality, and social construction. Theory about the nature of social work sometimes distinguishes it from cognate occupational actions (such as advice-giving, advocacy, clinical psychology, counseling, psychotherapy), overlapping occupational fields (such as development workers, doctors, lawyers, ministers of religion, nurses, professions allied to medicine, psychiatrists, teachers), or related intellectual fields (such as law, psychology, social policy, sociology). It may also seek to establish explanations for the emergence of social work or its aims and boundaries. Practice theory about how to achieve particular aims or perform various tasks is present in all occupational groups. In social work, it may be broad analysis connected with the nature of the occupation (for example caring, offering insight into personal difficulties, maintaining social order, social progress). It may also provide models or templates for social work actions, for example community work or task-centered practice. Theory about clients conceptualizes and theorizes categories of client, for example, child, community, family, or important social categories relevant to social work, for example, adoption, child protection, drug abuse, minority ethnic group, social justice. In addition, conceptualizations of aspects of social work are also included or implied in social work theory. This might include issues about its nature, practice, and values such as assessment, care, counseling, psychotherapy, self-direction, treatment. In this bibliography, the first three sections cover historic and historical texts, overview and reference works, and conceptual texts. The latter part of the bibliography covers theories of practice in alphabetical order.
Language Ecology
Authors: Mora Raúl Alberto , Murillo-Egurrola Juan David
Published: November 2024

Norwegian scholar Einar Haugen proposed language ecology to study how languages historically present in a land or social setting interact with languages that arrive in this setting due to different forms of social and economic mobility, fueled by different forms of migration and imperialist policies around the globe. As we caution against the risk of losing Indigenous and local languages as dominant languages appear, it is important to see how language ecology perspective frames the world as an ecosystem, seeking balance so all species can thrive. A language ecology approach examines power dynamics in language interactions that may marginalize minority languages. This approach also provides a form of resistance to counter neoliberal policies that promote particular policies regarding language that impose language choices in minoritized communities, further disenfranchising their languages from political, economic, and educational scenarios. Language ecology prioritizes human rights and linguistic equity. Language ecology examines cultural, historical, educational, and policy events to find sustainable and equitable language and literacy practices. Language ecology aims to prevent a dominant language from erasing minoritized and Indigenous languages in the name of globalization. Through global interactions, language ecology would empower, revitalize, and even rebirth. Language ecology advocates for critical views on bilingualism, multilingualism, language policy (especially in developing countries), and language education, especially English’s role in the world. Language ecology has also inspired scholars and advocates to challenge current language definitions like the second/foreign language binary and propose new frameworks like additional languages, second languages, or languages in contact. As societal superdiversity and local polarization clash in today’s cultural and linguistic scenarios, revisiting the notion of language ecology will ensure the survival of many languages. The influx of language ecology is currently evident in six areas: (a) the nexus between language ecology perspectives and the field of linguistics at large, in an area now coined as ecolinguistics; (b) the possibilities for language ecology to be at the front of the struggle for language rights and linguistic justice; (c) the links between language ecology and the promotion of more equitable views of multilingualism and translanguaging; (d) the possibilities for language ecology to inform language policies, especially related to Indigenous languages; (e) the connections between language ecology and a more diverse view of local varieties of English beyond the traditional idea of the inner circle (World Englishes); and (f) the potential for language ecology to be a catalyst for glocal and local language revitalization efforts. We will guide our review and selection of existing literature around them.
Ancient Egyptian Warfare (3000 BCE–332 BCE)
Authors: Spalinger Anthony
Published: November 2024

The culture of Egyptian history spans millennia. Hence, we can see major changes (developments, innovations, borrowings from abroad) as well as the persistence of organizational stability. Add to this the slow growth in corporate identity of the state’s army as well as its technological changes. The latter is most clearly revealed in the use of horses for the elite segment of the pharaonic army in the New Kingdom, the chariotry. It was roughly around the same time that the Egyptians had an independent army, whereas earlier such had not been the case. The war materiel, especially axes and maceheads in fighting, had slowly but effectively been replaced by the use of more effective swords—note the advance through the sickle-shaped types—and shields. Then, too, the introduction of bronze technology in the late third millennium bce had effectively altered the earlier reliance upon stone and copper. During the Middle Kingdom (c. 2008 bce–1775 bce), massive fortress building took place at the Second Cataract in the south in Nubia. Furthermore, permanent military duty was established and some type of cursus honorum for high-ranking soldiers is discernible. Egyptian history is separated into unified periods, called Kingdoms, from those in between when disunity was prevalent and warfare frequent. The latter eras are called Intermediate Periods. This bibliography commences with Dynasties I and II, often called the Early State, and then follows on to the fully developed archaic state of the Old Kingdom, covering Dynasties III–VIII. Subsequent is the First Intermediate Period, which ended with the second unification of the Middle Kingdom (Dynasties XII–XIII). The Second Intermediate Period comes afterward, to be succeeded in turn by the New Kingdom (Dynasties XVIII–XX). That was the era of Egypt’s great empire in Asia (Palestine especially, but also southern Syria) and Nubia in the south up to the Fourth Cataract. A third period of disunity then occurred (Dynasties XXI–XXV). The Saite Period of Dynasty XXVI (664 bce–525 bce) is often recognized as the final epoch of a strong independent Egypt. But due to outside invasions, the Egyptians of the Delta came to rely upon northern Ionian mercenaries. This is particularly evident during the reign of the first Saite ruler, Psammetichus I (664 bce–610 bce), but became stable thereafter. Then came the domination of Persia, which, despite some independent royal houses, effectively concludes the history owing to Alexander the Great’s invasion of Egypt in 332 bce.
War of the Triple Alliance (Paraguayan War)
Authors: Izeksohn Vitor
Published: November 2024

In the last international war in the Rio de La Plata Basin (1864–1870), Paraguay opposed Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay––the Triple Alliance. Portuguese and Spanish colonists had clashed over commercial routes and territories in the watershed since the seventeenth century. After the Spanish empire broke up, however, inland regions struggled for autonomy against pressure to unify under Buenos Aires, the port city controlling international trade. Civil wars led to political fragmentation everywhere but in Paraguay, where a centralized government emerged after independence. The intermittent blockades of navigable rivers by Buenos Aires reinforced autocracy in the small republic and spurred a military build-up starting in 1844. By the 1860s, Argentinean unification had driven tensions even higher. A confrontation that would define borders and shape nation building in the region seemed imminent. Fluctuations in regional power distribution prompted Brazilians to intervene in Uruguay in August 1864, with the tacit support of Bartolomé Mitre’s Argentinean government. Mitre wanted to consolidate Argentina’s influence in Uruguay by defeating Uruguay’s ruling Blanco party. Paraguay’s dictator, Francisco Solano López (1827–1870) saw this as a threat to the region’s balance of power. Paraguayan forces confiscated the Brazilian merchant vessel Marquês de Olinda in the Paraguayan River in November 1864. Troops invaded the Brazilian province of Mato Grosso in December 1864, and the Argentinean province of Corrientes in April 1865. Less than a month later Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay formed the Triple Alliance. Paraguay redirected all of its national productivity and resources to support military mobilization in a desperate fight against the coalition. Solano López’s death on March 1, 1870, ended what had become a total war. Paraguay’s infrastructure was utterly destroyed and approximately 60 percent of its population was lost. Recovery took decades. Many books on the Paraguayan War have been published in Spanish or Portuguese.
Ecopsychology
Authors: Jamnik Matthew , Corbin Faith , Grimm McKenna H. , Hobbs Riley Jo Henson
Published: November 2024

Ecopsychology is a vast, expansive and (relatively) underexplored landscape, and this bibliography a map. To plot course is challenging because the path is ever-expanding and unfolds alongside this historical moment. This collection of works was gathered to help survey the terrain and ground the interested reader, offering a feel for this place and a sense of the space. Ecopsychology has been described as a field of study, drawing from (deep) ecology, psychology, and philosophy, among other traditions. It is interdisciplinary and counterdisciplinary, aiming to “ecologize” psychology and “psychologize” ecology. Others refer to it as a multifaceted project, a movement in service of (all) life. Ecopsychology explores the connection between humans and the natural world, and how these affiliations affect our behavior, well-being, and worldview. It includes theory, research, applied clinical practice (i.e., psychotherapy; e.g., ecotherapy, wilderness/adventure therapy), and social/ecological activism. Emerging in the late twentieth century as a response to environmental and psychological crises of modernity, it continues to develop alongside contemporary sociopolitical and cultural issues. Ecopsychologists argue that, to understand and address these intertwined crises, the broken bond between humans and nature must be healed. They call for expanding our sense of self and reality (beyond a human-centered view), urging us toward developing more sustainable, harmonious ways of living with the planet. This body of work culminates in a need for cultivating a sense of ecological responsibility and empathy for the natural world, striving to promote personal and social change toward a more ecologically-conscious culture and society. Ecopsychology is a relevant and important topic for anyone who cares about the future of life on Earth, humans and nonhumans, living and nonliving, alike. It guides us toward better understanding our place, and role, as humans in this more-than-human world. To the budding ecopsychologist: spend time in nature, observing and experiencing the interactions, interrelationships, and interconnectedness that can be found; seek learning opportunities and resources on ecopsychology; and join (or create) communities of practice and action that support ecopsychological goals and values. This collection is not exhaustive, and we acknowledge that there are many other noteworthy, relevant resources that could not be included. (Readers are strongly encouraged to review the references cited by the authors featured here for other additional, important resources.) Our intention is to present valuable resources and spotlight a rich, diverse set of voices, hoping to inspire further exploration and contemplation of ecopsychology.
Francis Bacon
Authors: Stewart Alan
Published: November 2024

In his early thirties, some years before his works appeared in print, Francis Bacon (b. 1561–d. 1626) famously wrote that “I have taken all knowledge to be my province”—and the modern reader is still struck by the sheer range and ambition of his writings. In his busy public life, Bacon was lawyer, parliamentarian, adviser, courtier, bureaucrat, politician, and judge; his intellectual pursuits went well beyond even that scope to encompass natural philosophy in its broadest senses, theology, mythography, experimental science, historiography, and much more. Many scholars attempting to understand Bacon necessarily limit their inquiry to fit their own intellectual expertise and the silo of their academic discipline, and to good effect, but recently there has been a greater willingness to embrace interdisciplinary approaches, and to understand, for example, the relation between his scientific and legal thinking, or his political activities and his essay writing—although Bacon might well have been bemused by the still limited nature of these forays on his “province” of “all knowledge.” Bacon has been read and studied now for over four centuries, and while his writings have always remained in print, it is possible to track certain trends in the focus of Bacon studies. After a century when no major edition appeared, ambitious new editions of his works, in English, French, and Romanian, have been inaugurated since the 1990s. The same period has seen a resurgence of interest in his fable New Atlantis and, more recently, his natural history collection Sylva sylvarum; it is inevitable that the coming years—with the benefit of new scholarly editions—will pursue other directions. This bibliography was commissioned under the heading of “British and Irish Literature,” and it therefore perhaps leans towards the Bacon texts that have been deemed most worthy of study by literary scholars. But in truth there is very little Bacon scholarship that is purely literary: those scholars have found themselves in territory more familiar to philosophy, law, science, and politics. In an attempt to prevent the bibliography sprawling in every direction, it does not attempt to engage as fully with some of the more technical subjects that Bacon broaches (mathematics, medicine, mining, some experimental work, etc.) and the minutiae of his legal and parliamentary careers. It is be hoped, however, that there is still enough here to reflect Bacon’s intellectual “province.”
Carlos Santana
Authors: Hudde Hermann
Published: November 2024

Carlos Santana (b. 1947) is an international guitarist and songwriter whose music style embodies an intercultural approach often identified as Latin rock. He was born in Jalisco and raised in Tijuana, where he played violin in mariachi groups as a child with his violinist father in the mid-1950s. After becoming enamored with blues and rock ‘n’ roll, Santana embraced the guitar, which he played in the streets and dance club-strip circuit. In 1963, his family settled in San Francisco, with its diverse cultural and ethnic environment, which inspired him to create a boundary-blurring style rooted in blues, rock, and Afro-Caribbean music. In 1966, the guitarist formed the Santana Blues Band and performed at San Francisco counterculture clubs Fillmore West and Winterland, where the band caught Bill Graham’s attention. In 1969, because of this association, the band performed at Woodstock, appeared on the Ed Sullivan Show, and signed a contract with Columbia Records, resulting in the release of Santana (1969), Abraxas (1970), Santana III (1971), and Caravanserai (1972). Since the 1970s, Santana embarked on an international touring career, collaborated with several musicians including George Benson, Bob Dylan, Tito Puente, Miles Davis, Rubén Blades, José Feliciano, Buddy Guy, Herbie Hancock, B.B. King, John McLaughlin, and Los Lobos, and he embraced Sri Chimnoy’s spiritual teachings. The 1980s were a time of adopting pop music aesthetics with albums such as Zebop (1981) and Shangó (1982). A decade later, Santana won eight GRAMMY® awards for his album Supernatural (1999). Santana, who comes from humble origins and is a member of an underrepresented group in the United States, understands the barriers people must overcome to fulfill their potential. Consequently, he is a passionate activist for a wide range of humanitarian causes, including participation in Live Aid (1985), Amnesty International concert tours (1986), and “Blues for Salvador” (1988), while producing the documentaries Dolores (2017) and Fandango at the Wall: Bringing the United States and Mexico Together (2020) to promote civil rights consciousness. In 1988, Santana and his family established the Milagro Foundation to fund educational, health, and arts programs. Carlos Santana remains one of the few Latin American, Latino, and Chicano musicians to be inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame (1998). As a performing artist, Santana continues to be significant.
The Justice Principles of Problem-Solving Courts (with Logan A. Yelderman, Mia A. Holbrook, Jennifer L. Lanterman, Alicia DeVault, and Monica K. Miller)
Authors: Yelderman Logan A. , Holbrook Mia A. , Lanterman Jennifer , DeVault Alicia , Miller Monica K.
Published: November 2024

Problem-solving courts operate on a number of justice principles, including the adversarial process, therapeutic jurisprudence, procedural justice (i.e., fairness and legitimacy), restorative justice, and justice related topics, such as community and public sentiment and social support. Therapeutic jurisprudence, procedural justice, and restorative justice provide frameworks by which courts operate, and they also provide lenses through which court programs are delivered. The extent to which these frameworks are prioritized, implemented, and effective is often shaped by geographical, societal, legal, and cultural factors. The current chapter defines these principles, examines the cultural variations, and assesses the scientific evidence for their effectiveness in improving the success of PSCs. Additionally, the role of community sentiment and support often relates to the use of these frameworks and programs, their reception in the legal conscience of the community, and the perception of their success, which is also addressed in this chapter.
Effectiveness of Problem-Solving Courts (with Mia A. Holbrook and Mary Dhondt)
Authors: Holbrook Mia A. , Dhondt Mary
Published: November 2024

The effectiveness of problem-solving courts is determined through scientific evaluations focusing on various outcomes, including changes in substance abuse, mental health status, employment, housing stability, and interactions with the criminal justice system. The methodology for these evaluations can range depending on the research objectives and the resources at hand. The findings from these evaluations play a crucial role in informing evidence-based decisions about problem-solving courts. Evaluations provide a glimpse into the inner workings of a program as well as the opportunity to see what works and where improvement is needed. This chapter assesses the scientific evaluation results for all 18 types of problem-solving courts. The results of evaluations assist in making evidence-based decisions regarding the implementation and expansion of problem-solving courts, both in the United States and around the world. This chapter will highlight the similarities and differences in evaluating problem-solving courts and discuss why some courts might be more successful.
How Do I Get to Black Twitter?
Authors: Clark Meredith D.
Published: November 2024

It’s not a separate site. There’s no special knock or handshake that can get you in. But if you know, you know. In We Tried to Tell Y’all, social media users who identify as part of Black Twitter discuss how shared culture and regular engagement with the platform helped them develop levels of community connection with influence beyond digital boundaries. This chapter explains how journalism’s focus on “the view from nowhere” is in fact a view from the lens of culture of white domination, and presents Black Twitter as a response to the documented exclusion and misrepresentation of Black life that has dogged the news industry from its inception.
Things We Lost in the (Dumpster) Fire
Authors: Clark Meredith D.
Published: November 2024

“What comes after Black Twitter?” is the wrong question, but one many have asked in the years since the phenomenon first attracted mainstream media attention. The question took on renewed urgency when the platform was purchased by a South African billionaire in 2022, but the lesson remains: Black Twitter’s place in media history is like Black people’s place in the history of the world. Ever-present, ever-relevant, ever-evolving. This chapter provides a look back at how lessons from Black Twitter, particularly its response to historically whitewashed journalism, should be applied to develop more honest, just, accurate, and culturally competent news-making in the future.
The Mariachi Voice
Authors: Ulloa Juanita
Published: November 2024

The voice is the most important instrument in Mexican ranchera (mariachi) music because the bulk of its repertoire is vocal. However, no book on vocal care and production, voice history, diction, technique, graded song lists, with warm-ups for mariachi singers has been available until now. Dr. Juanita Ulloa has designed The Mariachi Voice to create a bridge between the voice and Mariachi fields, and to extend the reach of training and advocacy for Mariachi vocal training to academic programs, voice studios, and individual singers. Her Operachi style evolved out of her own training, touring, recording, and training of others as a specialist in Mexican and Latin American song. In The Mariachi Voice, Dr. Ulloa shares vocal technique and pedagogy, introducing the female Mariachi fach. She highlights important differences in training the female voice for healthy Ranchera singing while still honoring the style and introduces Mexican Spanish Lyric Diction with International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Professor John Nix of University of Texas, San Antonio, contributes an article on vocal production and care. Readers will develop cultural sensitivity toward this almost 200-year-old tradition. The Ranchera vocal history chapter explores the crossover classical vocal training of ranchera singer-actors in charro movie musicals, many tracing back to legendary Mexico City–based voice teacher José Pierson. It is a wake-up call to raising the standards and accessibility of vocal training. The Mariachi Voice is sure to enrich all those who take pride in sharing these songs and their singers as important symbols of Mexico’s identity worldwide.
History: Mariachi Singers and Their Songs
Authors: Ulloa Juanita
Published: November 2024

The mariachi voice has its own history as distinct from the broader field of mariachi music. In Chapter 2 we discuss vocal training, background, styles, and technique of solo singers and their connection to songs and their composers. This chapter has twelve important sections covering over a hundred years in ranchera singing. In it we identify three historical periods of ranchera song: rural, urban, and a new dimension for ranchera singers led by singer/songwriter José Alfredo Jiménez. The vocal training of master voice teacher José Pierson is featured with his integration of crossover training. The world’s oldest mariachi opera is discussed as are contributions of long-ignored important women solo singers, duos, and songwriters beginning with Lucha Reyes. Lesson plans are provided with questions and answer key for each section.
Mariachi Rhythms and Choosing Song Repertoire
Authors: Ulloa Juanita
Published: November 2024

In this chapter the most common Mexican ranchera rhythms are introduced, described, and notated. Each of these rhythms has its own vocal style and rhythmic groove. Trained singers learn to listen and always know where each beat is in order to sing in the groove whether with or against instrumental rhythms. As an example, the huapango in 6/8 uses falsete vocal flips and is the most demanding for singers because the songs have a wide range. While trained opera singers will enjoy the range, bel canto, and melodic ease of this style, improvising rhythmically around the groove is deeply complex. Readers will find graded repertoire lists ranging beginning to advanced levels to assist in finding ranchera solos. They will be able to choose repertoire by evaluating, matching, and assigning appropriate ranchera standards to the right voice level for singers. The graded song lists need to be measured and balanced with a director’s evaluation of the instrumental level of each song for his group. Heavy belting throughout a song or songs with a large range should be saved for advanced singers rather than hurt the voices of very young singers. Partial belting in climactic sections of songs is preferable, along with songs with a small range with few jumps.
Mariachi Music Fundamentals
Authors: Ulloa Juanita
Published: November 2024

While mariachi has long been an oral tradition, song charts and sheet music are now also used, especially in academia in the United States. During the Siglo de oro del cine mexicano (Golden Age of Mexican Cinema) earlier in the twentieth century, composers wrote out sheet music and Ruben Fuentes introduced song sheets in the recording studio as a memory aid for faster recording. While ranchera singing is still an oral tradition, arrangements and medleys have become more complex. That, along with the overall growth and performance demands have led to an increase in publications. Singers benefit from reading music as much as an instrumentalist, although some are unaware of this. In this chapter we provide important bilingual musical terms, solfege, and letter notation systems for all performers. Singers are coached in learning songs and choosing their own keys for each song. We invite them to work on this with a voice teacher prior to group rehearsals.
Clauses in Functions Other than as Predicates of Modal and Attitudinal Objects
Authors: Moltmann Friederike
Published: November 2024

This chapter extends object-based truthmaker semantics to predicates with which clauses do not have the function of predicates predicated of the attitudinal or modal object described by the embedding predicate. It distinguishes clauses that have a predicative function from nominal clauses based on a range of criteria. There are three types of predicates that take nominal clauses: predicates that apply to facts, predicates that apply to states of affairs, and predicates that apply to ‘thin assertions’. Facts and states of affairs are both construed as modal objects, thin assertions as abstractions from ordinary assertions. The chapter addresses the question whether predicates may take truthmakers of clauses as arguments, which seems plausible for verbs of occurrence such as happen and occur. But it argues that verbs of occurrence in fact take states of affairs as arguments denoted by nominal clauses. Finally, it discusses verbs like explain that take both a topic argument (a fact) and a clause providing the content of the described attitudinal object. It gives a new account why some clausal complement-taking verbs such as remark do not allow for any NP complements, not even special quantifiers like something.
Introduction
Authors: Holliday Peter J.
Published: November 2024

The introduction sets out and defines the primary issues explored in this book. They include Halbwachs’s concept of collective memory, what constitutes historical subjects, how historical subjects function as propaganda, the artistic genre of history painting, the notion of istoria in art academies (central to the theory of Alberti, Le Brun, and Reynolds), narrative strategies and emplotment, matters of production and reception, and visual sources for historical representations. The methodologies of Warburg, Gombrich, and Panofsky lay the foundations for analyzing how material objects shape cultural memory and affect individual and group identities; the social theories of Becker provide a model for defining makers (artists and patrons); Bourdieu for the role of cultural context; and semiotics for identifying changing meanings with changed contexts.
The Victory Stele of Naram-Sîn
Authors: Holliday Peter J.
Published: November 2024

Chapter 1 examines evidence for the earliest historical representations in ancient Mesopotamia. Sumerian experiments in commemoration led to the invention of the commemorative stele and the earliest sequential or continuous narratives, and the invention of writing produced inscriptions that identify people and events: the image-text dialectic. Mesopotamian rulers conflated secular and sacred meanings in works, a practice exploited by later cultures. The rise of Akkad under the expansionist policies of Sargon created the first great empire in Mesopotamia. The Victory Stele of Naram-Sîn commemorates that king’s victory over the Lullubi people in western Iraq and cast an imperialist ideology in the guise of divine favor.
The Alexander Mosaic
Authors: Holliday Peter J.
Published: November 2024

Chapter 3 argues that the emphasis on the group during the archaic and classical periods of Greek art history in contrast to the regard for the individual in the Hellenistic period, when competitive dynasts deployed historical subjects for propagandistic purposes, helps explain the sporadic appearance of historical commemorations in Greek art history. The Tyrannicides and the Marathon Painting stand out from earlier periods, but lack the realistic detail, specificity, and drama of later Hellenistic works. The Granikos Monument and the Alexander Mosaic instead depict decisive encounters between the Macedonian forces and Persian armies with documentary detail, the latter also as a personal confrontation between Alexander and Darius. This Roman copy in a different medium of a lost Greek painting introduces issues of the reception of historical representations by later cultures and the repurposing of their imagery.
Introduction and Motivation
Authors: Carretero-González R. , Frantzeskakis D.J. , Kevrekidis P.G.
Published: November 2024

Spatio-temporal systems usually come in two flavors: (i) discrete lattice systems described by a large (or infinite) collection of coupled dependent variables arranged in some lattice structure and are described by a nonlinear dynamical lattice (see Part V) and (ii) continuum spatio-temporal systems where the dependent variable depends continuously on the independent variables (usually time and space) and are described by partial differential equations (see Parts II, III, and IV). Before discussing waves and other localized structures in spatio-temporal systems, this chapter starts by reviewing some basic aspects of one and few degrees of freedom systems. In particular, we consider systems that arise in classical mechanics obtained via the celebrated Newton’s second law of motion, including the spring, the pendulum, coupled springs, and Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou lattices.
Multi-Component Systems
Authors: Carretero-González R. , Frantzeskakis D.J. , Kevrekidis P.G.
Published: November 2024

This chapter consists of several vignettes that illustrate some of the main features of multi-component solitary waves. These are developed in one of their most prototypical forms, namely in two-component dark-bright solitary waves of so-called Manakov (vector generalizations of the) nonlinear Schrödinger equation and non-integrable variants thereof. The special symmetries of the specific Manakov limit are leveraged in order to obtain further intriguing dynamical waveforms, such as the recently observed (in atomic BECs) dark-dark solitary waves. We also extend our considerations to the case of more general inter-component couplings and also to that of multi-soliton waveforms including the scenario of lattices of such solitary waves. Finally, we explore the dynamics of such dark-bright solitary waves in external potentials, such as the customary parabolic trap.
General Principles
Authors: Sorabji John
Published: November 2024

Civil Procedure is underpinned by principle. Procedural codes, such as the CPR, have not historically made explicit the nature and content of those principles. This Part provides a clear articulation of them. It highlights the importance of general principles, such as those concerning procedure’s overall purpose as well as principles concerning economy, efficiency, and proportionality. It incorporates those that specifically secure effective access to justice, not least principles concerning judicial independence and impartiality, equality of arms between disputants, access to legal representation and funding, publicity, and open justice. It also stresses the importance of effective enforcement, the right to appeal, and finality in litigation. Given the general development of digital procedures and the potential use of artificial intelligence in the delivery of civil justice, this Part also proposes principles to govern their use. This Part also makes provision for the creation and accountability of the Procedural Code.
Dispute Management
Authors: Sorabji John
Published: November 2024

Dispute management is the means by which the court can give effect to procedure’s purposes, particularly the means by which it can manage the dispute resolution process once a claim has been issued. This Part sets out the general provisions through which courts can manage this process effectively. It makes provision for the allocation of proceedings to value-based procedural case tracks, consistently with those under the CPR, as well as means to manage settlement processes. It also makes provision for managing different forms of multi-party proceedings effectively. It thus contains a group litigation regime and a revised representative proceeding based on that operative in the Competition Appeal Tribunal. It also provides consolidated rules on sanctions for non-compliance with court orders and relief from sanction. Finally, it consolidates rules intended to protect the administration of justice.
Hearings
Authors: Sorabji John
Published: November 2024

Proceedings can be heard in several ways. They may, as is traditional, take place in a physical court room with all participants present. They may be non-physical hearings because they take place remotely via the use of video-conferencing platforms. They may also take place in hybrid form, with some participants in a physical court room and others taking part remotely. They may also take place via an entirely written procedure. This Part makes provision for these various hearing methods. It also makes provision for the use of a continuous digital hearing. That type of hearing may, however, only be used where at least one party is unrepresented or where parties to proceedings are taking part in a settlement process. This Part also makes provision for hearings to be with or without-notice (inter partes or ex parte).
Diffracting Collaborative Leadership
Authors: Simpson Barbara
Published: November 2024

Much has been written about leadership in organizations with the inevitable consequence that the meaning of this term has become somewhat muddied. This book attempts to unravel some of this confusion by reframing leadership as a duality comprised of ‘leaders’ and ‘leading’. Recognizing that the ‘leading’ aspect of this duality is significantly under-researched, the argument proceeds firstly by locating collaborative leadership within the process ontology of Pragmatist philosophy. Secondly, the ‘leading’ dynamics of a senior management team as they cope with many challenges, both small and large, are diffracted by Pragmatism to tease out five specific collaborative processes—associating, experimenting, making, feeling, and caring—which continuously flow together and apart as new futures emerge. The book concludes with a Coda that discusses the implications of this dynamic approach to collaborative leadership for both research and teaching. Our goal is not so much to provide answers, but rather to sow seeds for future inquiries. More an art than a science, we conclude that ‘Leadership is what we do, when we don’t know what to do’.
Second Movement
Authors: Simpson Barbara
Published: November 2024

This movement is comprised of an Intermezzo that examines Pragmatist thinking on inquiry as an experimental approach to transforming situations, and an Étude that explores the deliberations of the senior management team of an arts-based company as they plan an awkward restructuring process. The Intermezzo draws on the original Pragmatist thinking of Charles Sanders Peirce who sees doubt as the initiator of inquiry, and also includes contributions from John Dewey on inquiry and George Herbert Mead’s concept of ‘the act’. The Étude elaborates this Pragmatist thinkingdoing through the practical actions of the senior managers, and also shows how, as the process continues, the creative dynamics of leadership are replaced by the results-orientation of management.
Coda
Authors: Simpson Barbara
Published: November 2024

In this Coda, we step away from the empirical details of the senior management team in an arts-based company, to consider more broadly the implications, for both researching and teaching, of understanding collaborative leadership as a diffractive effect of dialogue. We suggest that this performative approach to research is grounded in a process ontology. This involves noticing differently, reading differently, and writing differently. Similarly for teaching, we suggest that leadership is best developed not in a classroom or conference hall, but in the day-to-day practising of collaborative inquiry, where many small steps can produce transformative change.
Porcupine or pig? Sidney’s role in the Nashe–Harvey quarrel
Authors: Hadfield Andrew
Published: November 2024

In 1591 Thomas Nashe published a prefatory epistle, ‘Somewhat to reade for them that list’, to Thomas Newman’s edition of Sir Philip Sidney’s sonnet sequence, Astrophil and Stella. The edition was an unlicensed, pirated copy, and the first authorized edition, by William Ponsonby, did not appear until 1597/8. As others have noted, the publication of Sidney’s poems had a significant impact on the development of English poetry in the 1590s. However, this unauthorized edition may have had another less well-noticed impact—on Thomas Nashe, who appears to have taken against the Sidneys and makes biting comments about Sir Philip and his family throughout his writing career. There are jokes and sly references in Nashe’s later writings, in particular to Sir Philip’s public quarrel with Robert De Vere, earl of Oxford, on a tennis court (1579), and to what Nashe regarded as the botched printing of the Countess of Pembroke’s Arcadia in 1593, with the Sidney crest, a porcupine, appearing more like a pig. The connections between the Sidneys and Nashe, and the part they may have played in the Nashe–Harvey quarrel are under-explored, as is Mary Sidney’s role in Harvey’s life. This essay will make visible these important literary connections in the decade after Sir Philip’s death, casting new light on his much analysed literary legacy.
Sir John Spilman and the London rag-gatherers
Authors: Wolfe Heather
Published: November 2024

Most of England’s white paper came from France in the Elizabethan and early Stuart periods. In an unsuccessful 1585 petition for a monopoly on paper-making, the printer Richard Tottel complained that the French continually sabotaged English paper-making efforts by flooding the market with French paper at a loss and exporting English rags into France. The problem of a lack of a domestic paper supply was finally solved by John Spilman, the queen’s jeweller, in 1588. Spilman established a paper mill in Dartford, Kent and was granted a patent for the exclusive production of white writing paper, a monopoly on linen rags and other scraps, and the right to prevent others from establishing similar mills without his licence. It has always been assumed that Spilman quickly abandoned making writing paper because he could not compete against imported grades. An examination of surviving manuscripts with his watermark suggest otherwise. Contemporaries declared his paper ‘very large and very good’, compared to the ‘very bad’ paper available from other sources. This chapter explores the impact of Spilman’s paper on English paper awareness and connoisseurship, and suggests that his products were a source of national pride for people who were previously unaware of the technology of paper-making. It also shows that Spilman’s paper was much more ubiquitous than previously believed.
The assiduous reader
Authors: Clarke Stephen
Published: November 2024

Thomas Green (1769–1825) trained as a barrister, but the death of his father in 1794 gave him the means to devote himself to a life of leisure and reading. From 1796 he kept a diary of his reflections on the copious material he read, and in 1810 he published selections from that diary, Extracts from the Diary of a Lover of Literature. It received mixed reviews, but Green continued to keep his diary, and after his death The Gentleman’s Magazine published between 1834 and 1843 thirty-six articles containing further sections of the diary. These extracts, together with the published Diary, a scarce privately printed Memoir issued shortly after his death, and some letters in the Beinecke Library, give us a detailed and previously unstudied record of the broad and voracious consumption over thirty years of an intelligent, informed, receptive reader, with wide literary interests. The diaries also record Green’s engagement with the musical and literary world of London, and his activities as an active collector of art, in which he reveals an engaging touch of vanity. This chapter considers the extensive record of his reflections, and what they tell us about his achievement as a now-forgotten provincial connoisseur and man of letters.