bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deconstructing the High Voltage Degradation Mechanisms in Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 with Single Crystals and Advanced Electrolyte
Authors: Darga Joe , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: July 2024

Sodium layered oxide cathodes can uniquely benefit from the existing lithium‐ion battery industry as sodium‐ion batteries gain traction as a potential low‐cost, drop‐in replacement. However, achieving relevant energy density with a suitable cycle life remains a challenge for sodium layered oxides. At high operating potentials, several competing degradation mechanisms prevent P2‐type Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 (≈550 Wh kg−1) from achieving meaningful cycle life—with bulk structural instability and surface reactivity being the primary retractors. Herein, the issue of particle cracking is addressed through detailed synthesis methods of “single‐crystal” materials. By comparison to a polycrystalline baseline, the single‐crystal materials quantify the capacity loss due to isolation of active material caused by intergranular particle cracking. The single crystal materials are then employed in cells with an advanced, “localized saturated electrolyte” (LSE) to demonstrate the magnitude of capacity loss due to electrolyte decomposition at the cathode surface. Mitigation of the surface reactivity through the LSE electrolyte effectively demonstrates the elevated importance of surface reactivity at high voltages despite the onset of egregious particle cracking. This work aims to guide future research into understanding molten‐salt assisted syntheses and advance the debate on surface versus bulk degradation.
Biomimetic Mechanical Robust Cement‐Resin Composites with Machine Learning‐Assisted Gradient Hierarchical Structures
Authors: Wu Zhangyu , Pan Hao , Huang Peng , Tang Jinhui , She Wei
Published: July 2024

Biological materials relying on hierarchically ordered architectures inspire the emergence of advanced composites with mutually exclusive mechanical properties, but the efficient topology optimization and large‐scale manufacturing remain challenging. Herein, this work proposes a scalable bottom‐up approach to fabricate a novel nacre‐like cement‐resin composite with gradient brick‐and‐mortar (BM) structure, and demonstrates a machine learning‐assisted method to optimize the gradient structure. The fabricated gradient composite exhibits an extraordinary combination of high flexural strength, toughness, and impact resistance. Particularly, the toughness and impact resistance of such composite attractively surpass the cement counterparts by factors of approximately 700 and 600 times, and even outperform natural rocks, fiber‐reinforced cement‐based materials and even some alloys. The strengthening and toughening mechanisms are clarified as the regional‐matrix densifying and crack‐tip shielding effects caused by the gradient BM structure. The developed gradient composite not only endows a promising structural material for protective applications in harsh scenarios, but also paves a new way for biomimetic metamaterials designing.
Lung function in relation to brain aging and cognitive transitions in older adults: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Grande Giulia , Li Yuanjing , Trevisan Caterina , Rizzuto Debora , Kalpouzos Grégoria , Ding Mozhu , Laukka Erika J , Bellander Tom , Fratiglioni Laura , Qiu Chengxuan
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

We investigated the association of peak expiratory flow (PEF) with dementia; cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND); and transition from CIND to dementia, and possible underlying neuropathological mechanisms.

METHODS

A population‐based cohort of adults aged 60+ was followed over 15 years to detect dementia (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria), CIND (assessed through a cognitive battery), and progression from CIND to dementia, in relation to baseline PEF observations. A subsample (n = 462) had 6‐year follow‐up data on brain magnetic resonance imaging markers of neurodegeneration and small vessel disease.

RESULTS

In fully adjusted models, poor PEF performance (< 10th vs. ≥ 80th percentile) was associated with increased hazards for dementia (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.89; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.23–2.92) and CIND (HR = 1.55; 95% CI = 1.01–2.38) and CIND progression to dementia, although not statistically significantly (HR = 2.44; 95% CI = 0.78–6.88). People with poor PEF also experienced the fastest ventricular enlargement (β coefficient = 0.67 mL/year; 95% CI = 0.13–1.21) and had the highest likelihood of developing lacunes (odds ratio = 5.05; 95% CI = 1.01–25.23).

DISCUSSION

Poor lung function contributes to cognitive deterioration possibly through accelerated brain atrophy and microvascular damage.

Highlights

Poor lung function increased the risk of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Poor lung function accelerated the progression from MCI to dementia.

Poor lung function was linked to brain microvascular damage and global brain atrophy.
Gold‐Catalyzed Diyne‐Ene Annulation for the Synthesis of Polysubstituted Benzenes through Formal [3+3] Approach with Amide as the Critical Co‐Catalyst
Authors: Wei Jingwen , Pham Thong , Attah Emmanuel Ifeanyi , Liu Mengjia , Yaroshuk Timothy , Chen Hao , Wojtas Lukasz , Shi Xiaodong
Published: July 2024

The one‐step synthesis of tetra‐substituted benzenes was accomplished via gold‐catalyzed diyne‐ene annulation. Distinguished from prior modification methods, this novel strategy undergoes formal [3+3] cyclization, producing polysubstituted benzenes with exceptional efficiency. The critical factor enabling this transformation was the introduction of amides, which were reported for the first time in gold catalysis as covalent nucleophilic co‐catalysts. This interesting protocol not only offers a new strategy to achieve functional benzenes with high efficiency, but also enlightens potential new reaction pathways within gold‐catalyzed alkyne activation processes.
A Mitochondria‐Targeted Photosensitizer for Combined Pyroptosis and Apoptosis with NIR‐II Imaging/Photoacoustic Imaging‐Guided Phototherapy
Authors: Wang Ben , Zhou Hui , Chen Lu , Ding Yancheng , Zhang Xinyue , Chen Huiyu , Liu Hanyu , Li Ping , Chen Ying , Yin Chao , Fan Quli
Published: July 2024

Overcoming tumor apoptosis resistance is a major challenge in enhancing cancer therapy. Pyroptosis, a lytic form of programmed cell death (PCD) involving inflammasomes, Gasdermin family proteins, and cysteine proteases, offers potential in cancer treatment. While photodynamic therapy (PDT) can induce pyroptosis by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the activation of photosensitizers (PSs), many PSs lack specific subcellular targets and are limited to the first near‐infrared window, potentially reducing treatment effectiveness. Therefore, developing effective, deep‐penetrating, organelle‐targeted pyroptosis‐mediated phototherapy is essential for cancer treatment strategies. Here, we synthesized four molecules with varying benzene ring numbers in thiopyrylium structures to preliminarily explore their photodynamic properties. The near‐infrared‐II (NIR‐II) PS Z1, with a higher benzene ring count, exhibited superior ROS generation and mitochondria‐targeting abilities, and a large Stokes shift. Through nano‐precipitation method, Z1 nanoparticles (NPs) also demonstrated high ROS generation (especially type‐I ROS) upon 808 nm laser irradiation, leading to efficient mitochondria dysfunction and combined pyroptosis and apoptosis. Moreover, they exhibited exceptional tumor‐targeting ability via NIR‐II fluorescence imaging (NIR‐II FI) and photoacoustic imaging (PAI). Furthermore, Z1 NPs‐mediated phototherapy effectively inhibited tumor growth with minimal adverse effects. Our findings offer a promising strategy for cancer therapy, warranting further preclinical investigations in PDT.
Hocheffizienter Niedrigbeladener PdOx/AlSiOx‐Katalysator für die Ethylen‐Dimerisierung
Authors: Otroshchenko Tatiana , Sharapa Dmitry I. , Fedorova Elizaveta A. , Zhao Dan , Kondratenko Evgenii V.
Published: July 2024

Die Ethylen‐Dimerisierung ist ein industrieller Prozess, der derzeit mit homogenen Katalysatoren durchgeführt wird. Hier stellen wir einen hochaktiven heterogenen Katalysator vor, der winzige Mengen von atomar dispergiertem Pd enthält. Er erfordert keine Cokatalysatoren oder Aktivatoren und übertrifft die Leistung früherer Katalysatoren, die unter ähnlichen Reaktionsbedingungen getestet wurden. Die Selektivität für C4‐ und C6‐Kohlenwasserstoffe betrug bei 200 °C etwa 80 % bzw. 10 % bei 42 % C2H4‐Umsatz unter Verwendung eines industriell relevanten Reaktionsgemisches mit 50 Vol.‐% Ethylen. Unsere Experimente zur Kinetik und Katalysatorcharakterisierung, ergänzt durch Dichtefunktionaltheorie‐Berechnungen, liefern molekulare Einblicke in die lokale Umgebung isolierter Pd(II)Ox‐Spezies und ihre Rolle bei der Erzielung einer hohen Aktivität in der Zielreaktion. Als der entwickelte Katalysator rationell mit einem Mo‐haltigen Olefinmetathesekatalysator im gleichen Reaktor integriert wurde, reagierten die gebildeten Butene mit Ethylen zu Propylen mit einer Selektivität von 98 % bei etwa 24 % C2H4‐Umsatz.
Investigation of the ageing behaviour of multiple reused polypropylene binding twines
Authors: du Maire Philippe , Gärtner Felix , Deckert Matthias H. , Johlitz Michael , Öchsner Andreas
Published: July 2024

Climate change is one of the significant challenges of the 21st century. To achieve climate goals a change in plastic waste management needs to be implemented. This research examines the potential of thermo‐mechanical recycling of plastic waste, focusing on agricultural binding twines made from polypropylene. Old binding twines from agriculture were collected and recycled with a twin screw extruder. The ageing behaviour of the recyclate in terms of multiple recycling is examined in detail with tensile tests and melt volume rate measurements. The findings indicate a general degradation in mechanical properties and a decrease in viscosity due to molecular chain scission. Despite these degradations, the material remains processable, indicating the potential for continued recycling loops.
A Genome‐Wide Association Study Suggests New Susceptibility Loci for Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Authors: Casares‐Marfil Desiré , Martínez‐Bueno Manuel , Borghi Maria Orietta , Pons‐Estel Guillermo ,   PRECISESADS Clinical Consortium, Reales Guillermo , Zuo Yu , Espinosa Gerard , Radstake Timothy , van den Hoogen Lucas L. , Wallace Chris , Guthridge Joel , James Judith A , Cervera Ricard , Meroni Pier Luigi , Martin Javier , Knight Jason S. , Alarcón‐Riquelme Marta E. , Sawalha Amr H.
Published: July 2024

Objective

Primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS) is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies and the occurrence of thrombotic events and pregnancy complications. Our study aimed to identify novel genetic susceptibility loci associated with PAPS.

Methods

We performed a genome‐wide association study comprising 5,485 individuals (482 affected individuals) of European ancestry. Significant and suggestive independent variants from a meta‐analysis of approximately 7 million variants were evaluated for functional and biological process enrichment. The genetic risk variability for PAPS in different populations was also assessed. Hierarchical clustering, Mahalanobis distance, and Dirichlet Process Mixtures with uncertainty clustering methods were used to assess genetic similarities between PAPS and other immune‐mediated diseases.

Results

We revealed genetic associations with PAPS in a regulatory locus within the HLA class II region near HLA‐DRA and in STAT1‐STAT4 with a genome‐wide level of significance; 34 additional suggestive genetic susceptibility loci for PAPS were also identified. The disease risk allele near HLA‐DRA is associated with overexpression of HLA‐DRB6, HLA‐DRB9, HLA‐DQA2, and HLA‐DQB2 in immune cells, vascular tissue, and nervous tissue. This association is independent of the association between PAPS and HLA‐DRB1*1302. Functional analyses highlighted immune‐related pathways in PAPS‐associated loci. The comparison with other immune‐mediated diseases revealed a close genetic relatedness to neuromyelitis optica, systemic sclerosis, and Sjögren syndrome, suggesting co‐localized causal variations close to STAT1‐STAT4, TNPO3, and BLK.

Conclusion

This study represents a comprehensive large‐scale genetic analysis for PAPS and provides new insights into the genetic basis and pathophysiology of this rare disease.

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Substantive Similarities Between Synovial Fluid and Synovial Tissue T cells in Inflammatory Arthritis Via Single‐Cell RNA and T Cell Receptor Sequencing
Authors: Durham Lucy E. , Humby Frances C. , Ng Nora , Ryan Sarah , Nuamah Rosamond , Fung Kathy , Kallayil Athul Menon , Dhami Pawan , Kirkham Bruce W. , Taams Leonie S.
Published: July 2024

Objective

Synovial fluid (SF)–derived T cells are frequently studied as a proxy for investigating the synovial tissue (ST) T cell infiltrate in inflammatory arthritis. However, because ST is the primary site of inflammatory activity, there is debate as to whether SF provides a true reflection of the ST T cell population.

Methods

In this study, we used single‐cell RNA sequencing paired with single‐cell T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing to directly compare memory T cells from paired samples of SF and ST from six patients with inflammatory arthritis to investigate their similarity in terms of TCR repertoire and T cell subset composition.

Results

The TCR repertoires of SF and ST T cells were strikingly similar, particularly for CD8+ T cells. A median of 49% of the total CD8+ TCR repertoire in SF was shared with ST, compared with 20% shared with blood. Similarly, 47% of the ST CD8+ TCR repertoire was shared with SF compared to 25% with blood. Furthermore, once the effect of collagenase digestion on gene expression by ST T cells had been accounted for, the frequencies of specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cell subsets were, in general, similar in SF and ST and were distinct from blood.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that T cells migrate and equilibrate between the SF and ST and maintain similar phenotypes in both sites. We conclude that SF is an appropriate proxy for investigating the T cell infiltrate in inflamed synovium, particularly in terms of investigating the TCR repertoire.

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High‐throughput G protein‐coupled receptor‐based autocrine screening for secondary metabolite production in yeast
Authors: Saleski Tatyana E. , Peng Huadong , Lengger Bettina , Wang Jinglin , Jensen Michael Krogh , Jensen Emil D.
Published: July 2024

Biosensors are valuable tools in accelerating the test phase of the design‐build‐test‐learn cycle of cell factory development, as well as in bioprocess monitoring and control. G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR)‐based biosensors enable cells to sense a wide array of molecules and environmental conditions in a specific manner. Due to the extracellular nature of their sensing, GPCR‐based biosensors require compartmentalization of distinct genotypes when screening production levels of a strain library to ensure that detected levels originate exclusively from the strain under assessment. Here, we explore the integration of production and sensing modalities into a single Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain and compartmentalization using three different methods: (1) cultivation in microtiter plates, (2) spatial separation on agar plates, and (3) encapsulation in water‐in‐oil‐in‐water double emulsion droplets, combined with analysis and sorting via a fluorescence‐activated cell sorting machine. Employing tryptamine and serotonin as proof‐of‐concept target molecules, we optimize biosensing conditions and demonstrate the ability of the autocrine screening method to enrich for high producers, showing the enrichment of a serotonin‐producing strain over a nonproducing strain. These findings illustrate a workflow that can be adapted to screening for a wide range of complex chemistry at high throughput using commercially available microfluidic systems.
Spectrum–effect relationship between HPLC fingerprint and hypoglycemic of litchi leaves (Litchi chinensis Sonn) in vitro
Authors: Liang Yanli , Xie Jingjing , Huang Dongfang , Cao Yupin , Zheng Piaoxue , Lu Chunlian , Ma Yuming , Peng Jiawen , Qin Zujie , Liang Jie
Published: July 2024

Litchi chinensis Sonn (Litchi) has been listed in the Chinese Pharmacopeia, and is an economically and medicinally valuable species within the family Sapindaceae. However, the material basis of its pharmacological action and the pharmacodynamic substances associated with its hypoglycemic effect are still unclear. The predominant objective of this study was to establish the fingerprint profile of litchi leaves and to evaluate the relationship between the components of the high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint of litchi leaves, assess its hypoglycemic effect by measuring α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase inhibition, and find the spectrum–effect relationship of litchi leaves by bivariate correlation analysis, Grey relational analysis and partial least squares regression analysis. In this study, the fingerprint of litchi leaves was established by HPLC, and a total of 15 common peaks were identified that clearly calibrated eight components, with P1 being gallic acid, P2 being protocatechuic acid, P3 being catechin, P6 being epicatechin, P12 being rutin, P13 being astragalin, P14 being quercetin and P15 being kaempferol. The similarities between the fingerprints of 11 batches of litchi leaves were 0.766–0.979. Simultaneously, the results of the spectrum–effect relationship showed that the chemical constituents represented by peaks P8, P3, P12, P14, P2, P13, and P11 were relevant to the hypoglycemic effect.
Mentalizing self mind but not others: Self‐reported mentalization difficulties in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Kuzu Kumcu Müge , Törenli Kaya Zulal , Hoşgören Alıcı Yasemin
Published: July 2024

Background

Mentalization can be defined as a mental process by which an individual directly or indirectly perceives and interprets one's own and others' behavior, emotions, beliefs, and needs based on designed mental states. Mentalization problems may be linked to remove associative white matter fiber disconnection. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the diseases with white matter lesions. By comparing MS patients with healthy controls, it was aimed to assess whether MS patients' mentalization skills are affected.

Method

This study involved 243 participants (170 healthy controls and 73 patients with MS). All the participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Mentalization Scale (MentS).

Results

While it was discovered that MentS scores for the dimension of others‐based mentalization (MentS‐O) were statistically lower in MS group, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of the dimensions of motivation to mentalize (MentS‐M) and self‐based mentalization (MentS‐S) scores.

Conclusion

We may conclude that MS patients have trouble comprehending other people's thoughts. This effect can be one of the causes of MS patients' issues with social cognition.
Evaluation of sodium borocaptate (BSH) and boronophenylalanine (BPA) as boron delivery agents for neutron capture therapy (NCT) of cancer: an update and a guide for the future clinical evaluation of new boron delivery agents for NCT
Authors: Barth Rolf F. , Gupta Nilendu , Kawabata Shinji
Published: July 2024

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a cancer treatment modality based on the nuclear capture and fission reactions that occur when boron‐10, a stable isotope, is irradiated with neutrons of the appropriate energy to produce boron‐11 in an unstable form, which undergoes instantaneous nuclear fission to produce high‐energy, tumoricidal alpha particles. The primary purpose of this review is to provide an update on the first drug used clinically, sodium borocaptate (BSH), by the Japanese neurosurgeon Hiroshi Hatanaka to treat patients with brain tumors and the second drug, boronophenylalanine (BPA), which first was used clinically by the Japanese dermatologist Yutaka Mishima to treat patients with cutaneous melanomas. Subsequently, BPA has become the primary drug used as a boron delivery agent to treat patients with several types of cancers, specifically brain tumors and recurrent tumors of the head and neck region. The focus of this review will be on the initial studies that were carried out to define the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of BSH and BPA and their biodistribution in tumor and normal tissues following administration to patients with high‐grade gliomas and their subsequent clinical use to treat patients with high‐grade gliomas. First, we will summarize the studies that were carried out in Japan with BSH and subsequently at our own institution, The Ohio State University, and those of several other groups. Second, we will describe studies carried out in Japan with BPA and then in the United States that have led to its use as the primary drug that is being used clinically for BNCT. Third, although there have been intense efforts to develop new and better boron delivery agents for BNCT, none of these have yet been evaluated clinically. The present report will provide a guide to the future clinical evaluation of new boron delivery agents prior to their clinical use for BNCT.
Impact of genomic and epigenomic alterations of multigene on a multicancer pedigree
Authors: Gao Jingyu , Wu Yongzhang , Yu Jieming , Qiu Yinbin , Yi Tiantian , Luo Chaochao , Zhang Junxiao , Lu Gary , Li Xu , Xiong Fu , Wu Xuedong , Pan Xinghua
Published: July 2024

Background

Germline mutations have been identified in a small number of hereditary cancers, but the genetic predisposition for many familial cancers remains to be elucidated.

Methods

This study identified a Chinese pedigree that presented different cancers (breast cancer, BRCA; adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction, AEG; and B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, B‐ALL) in each of the three generations. Whole‐genome sequencing and whole‐exome sequencing were performed on peripheral blood or bone marrow and cancer biopsy samples. Whole‐genome bisulfite sequencing was conducted on the monozygotic twin brothers, one of whom developed B‐ALL.

Results

According to the ACMG guidelines, bioinformatic analysis of the genome sequencing revealed 20 germline mutations, particularly mutations in the DNAH11 (c.9463G > A) and CFH (c.2314G > A) genes that were documented in the COSMIC database and validated by Sanger sequencing. Forty‐one common somatic mutated genes were identified in the cancer samples, displaying the same type of single nucleotide substitution Signature 5. Meanwhile, hypomethylation of PLEK2, MRAS, and RXRA as well as hypermethylation of CpG island associated with WT1 was shown in the twin with B‐ALL.

Conclusions

These findings reveal genomic alterations in a pedigree with multiple cancers. Mutations found in the DNAH11, CFH genes, and other genes predispose to malignancies in this family. Dysregulated methylation of WT1, PLEK2, MRAS, and RXRA in the twin with B‐ALL increases cancer susceptibility. The similarity of the somatic genetic changes among the three cancers indicates a hereditary impact on the pedigree. These familial cancers with germline and somatic mutations, as well as epigenomic alterations, represent a common molecular basis for many multiple cancer pedigrees.
DEB‐TACE versus cTACE for unresectable HCC with B1‐type bile duct invasion after successful biliary drainage: A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Fan Wenzhe , Zheng Xinlin , Zhao Xiao , Zhu Bowen , Wu Yanqin , Xue Miao , Tang Rong , Huang Zhen , Qiao Liangliang , Lu Mingjian , Tang Yiyang , Wu Jian , Li Jiaping
Published: July 2024

Background

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the standard treatment for intermediate‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Given the lack of specific recommendations for conventional TACE (cTACE) and drug‐eluting bead TACE (DEB‐TACE) in patients having unresectable HCC with tumor infiltrating the common hepatic duct or the first‐order branch of the bile ducts (B1‐type bile duct invasion; B1‐BDI) after biliary drainage, we retrospectively compared the safety and efficacy of DEB‐TACE with cTACE in this patient population.

Materials and Methods

Using data from five tertiary medical centers (January 2017–December 2021), we compared complications, overall survival (OS), time to progression (TTP), and tumor response rate between patients having unresectable HCC with B1‐BDI who underwent DEB‐TACE or cTACE after successful biliary drainage. X‐tile software calculated the pre‐TACE total bilirubin (TBil) cutoff value, indicating optimal timing for sequential TACE after drainage. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed.

Results

The study included 108 patients with unresectable HCC (B1‐BDI) who underwent DEB‐TACE and 114 who received cTACE as initial treatment. After PSM (n = 53 for each group), the DEB‐TACE group had a longer TTP (8.9 vs. 6.7 months, p = 0.038) and higher objective response rate (64.2% vs. 39.6%, p = 0.011) than did the cTACE group, although OS was comparable (16.7 vs. 15.3 months, p = 0.115). The DEB‐TACE group exhibited fewer post‐procedural increments in the mean albumin‐bilirubin score, TBil, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), along with a significantly lower incidence of serious adverse events within 30 days (hepatic failure, ALT increase, and TBil increase) than the cTACE group (all p < 0.05). The pre‐TACE TBil cutoff value was 99 μmol/L; patients with higher values (>99 μmol/L) had poorer OS in both groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

DEB‐TACE is safe and effective after successful biliary drainage in unresectable HCC with B1‐BDI, potentially better than cTACE in terms of liver toxicity, TTP, and ORR. Lowering TBil below 99 μmol/L through successful drainage may create ideal conditions for sequential TACE.
Does personal therapy predict better trainee effectiveness?
Authors: Li Xu , Wang Yuanming , Li Feihan
Published: July 2024

Objectives

The aim of this study was to examine whether the history of personal therapy among therapist trainees predicts their clinical effectiveness in terms of client symptom reduction.

Methods

Two anonymous archived datasets from a longitudinal research project on mental health counselling training in China were used. Both datasets included trainee‐reported history of personal therapy and their client‐reported symptom levels prior to each counselling session.

Results

Using multilevel modelling, we found that, in Dataset 1, neither of the personal therapy variables (whether trainees had undergone personal therapy nor number of personal therapy hours) significantly predicted trainees' client symptom outcome. Dataset 2, which included whether trainees were satisfied with their personal therapy, showed that more hours of unsatisfactory personal therapy for a trainee were associated with decreased average client symptom improvement, whereas more hours of highly satisfactory personal therapy for a trainee were associated with greater client symptom improvement.

Conclusions

Findings in this study suggested that the association between trainees' personal therapy length and their clinical effectiveness may be moderated by the quality of their personal therapy: Whereas satisfactory personal therapy might be beneficial in the trainee's clinical work, longer unsatisfactory personal therapy was associated with decreased trainee effectiveness. Research limitations and implications for training are discussed.
Online health information seeking, health anxiety and cyberchondria among men who engage in sexual risk taking: The mediating role of medical consultation about HIV/AIDS
Authors: Guo Yu , Wang Yuxuan , Li Yiwei
Published: July 2024

The rapid development of electronic communication technology has brought about a revolutionary transformation in health information seeking and medical consultation. Beyond traditional avenues like seeking assistance from doctors in hospitals, individuals now have the option to engage in online medical consultations, enhancing their ability to manage routine health effectively. However, an overreliance on online medical consultations driven by heightened health anxiety may contribute to the surge in online health information inquiries, a phenomenon positively associated with the emergence of cyberchondria. In the context of China, where HIV/AIDS is socially stigmatised, cyberchondria related to HIV infection becomes particularly noteworthy. This study delves into the potential consequences of online health information seeking (OHIS) with a specific focus on Kongai BBS, a platform catering for individuals with a fear of AIDS. Our research collected data from 309 male users actively participating in the BBS, who had engaged in high‐risk sexual behaviours in the past 6 months. Applying structural equation modelling (SEM), this study examines the intricate relationships between OHIS, health anxiety, online and offline medical consultations, and cyberchondria. The results indicate that online medical consultation serves as a mediator in the relationship between OHIS and cyberchondria, whereas offline medical consultation does not significantly impact this relationship. These findings contribute valuable insights into the interactive dynamics between online and offline medical consultations, offering practical implications for the prevention of HIV infection in China. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Review of computer‐assisted diagnosis model to classify follicular lymphoma histology
Authors: Saxena Pranshu , Aggarwal Sahil Kumar , Sinha Amit , Saxena Sandeep , Singh Arun Kumar
Published: July 2024

The field of image processing is experiencing significant advancements to support professionals in analyzing histological images obtained from biopsies. The primary objective is to enhance the process of diagnosis and prognostic evaluations. Various forms of cancer can be diagnosed by employing different segmentation techniques followed by postprocessing approaches that can identify distinct neoplastic areas. Using computer approaches facilitates a more objective and efficient study of experts. The progressive advancement of histological image analysis holds significant importance in modern medicine. This paper provides an overview of the current advances in segmentation and classification approaches for images of follicular lymphoma. This research analyzes the primary image processing techniques utilized in the various stages of preprocessing, segmentation of the region of interest, classification, and postprocessing as described in the existing literature. The study also examines the strengths and weaknesses associated with these approaches. Additionally, this study encompasses an examination of validation procedures and an exploration of prospective future research roads in the segmentation of neoplasias.
Elevating Oxygen Evolution using Iron Phthalocyanine Infused Vanillic acid Electrocatalyst
Authors: Patil Gouthami , Daniel Shantharaja , Koodlur Sannegowda Lokesh
Published: July 2024

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the bottle neck step in water splitting reaction towards the realization of hydrogen based clean energy production and storage. Metal air batteries and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are the alternative green energy systems that utilise O2 and H2 in the production of continuous and high energy output without the utilization of carbon based fuels which are the major sources of pollution. Transition metal based N4 organics are explored extensively as oxygen electrocatalysts i. e., OER and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts because of their ease of synthesis, tuneable properties, low cost and high performance with long term stability. Here, vanillic acid functionalized iron phthalocyanine (FeVAPc) was synthesised and characterised by various spectroscopic techniques. The novel FeVAPc exhibited good thermal stability and was coated on Ni foam for OER studies. The scanning electron microscopy images showed net‐work like surface morphology and the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated the presence of Fe in +3 oxidation state. The Ni/FeVAPc demonstrated excellent electrocatalytic activity for OER with overpotential of 312 mV at 10 mA.cm−2 current density in 1.0 M KOH electrolyte. The designed organic based catalyst exhibited lesser Tafel slope value which is nearer to the benchmark catalyst, IrO2. The proposed catalyst exhibited good stability as phthalocyanines are highly stable and do not undergo decomposition even in strong acidic and basic corrosive media. Integration of FeVAPc onto the Ni foam resulted in higher mass activity, lower charge transfer resistance, high active surface area leading to enhanced conductivity and activity. The fabricated Ni/FeVAPc is an appropriate cost‐effective, efficient and stable catalyst for OER towards industrial applications.
Gold Nanoclusters Whose Photoluminescent Properties are Dynamically Tunable by Modulating the Assembly Pathway Complexity
Authors: Shen Jinglin , Zhou Fengjie , Yu You , Zhang Ensheng , Qi Wei , Zhang Yongjie
Published: July 2024

Modulating the assembly pathway is an indispensable strategy for optimizing the performance of optical materials. However, implementing this strategy is nontrivial for metal nanocluster building blocks, due to the limited functional modification of nanoclusters and complexity of their emission mechanism. In this report, we demonstrate that a gold nanocluster modified by 4,6‐diamino‐2‐pyrimidinethiol (DPT‐AuNCs) self‐assembles into two distinct aggregation structures in methanol (MeOH)/water mixed solvent, thus exhibiting pathway complexity. Kinetic studies show that DPT‐AuNCs firstly assembles into non‐luminescent nanofibers (kinetically controlled), which further transforms into strongly luminescent microflowers (thermodynamically controlled). In‐depth analysis of the assembly mechanism reveals that the transformation of aggregation structures involves the disassembly of nanofibers and a subsequent nucleation‐growth process. Temperature‐dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and infrared (IR) measurements reveal that inter‐cluster hydrogen bonding bridged by solvent molecules and C−H⋅⋅⋅π interaction are the key factors for emission enhancement. The photoluminescent property of DPT‐AuNCs can be controlled by varying the cosolvent in water, enabling DPT‐AuNCs to distinguish different kind of alcohols, particularly the isomerism n‐propanol (NPA) and isopropanol (IPA). Additionally, the addition of seeds effectively regulate the assembly kinetics of DPT‐AuNCs. This study advances our understanding of assembly pathways and improves the luminescent performance of nanoclusters (NCs).
Thermochemistry of Solid‐State Formation, Structure, Optical, and Luminescent Properties of Complex Oxides Eu2MeO6 (Me–Mo, W), Eu2W2O9: A Combined Experimental and DFT Study
Authors: Seredina Yulia V. , Oreshonkov Aleksandr S. , Molokeev Maxim S. , Sedykh Alexander E. , Aleksandrovsky Aleksandr S. , Zhernakov Maksim A. , Khritokhin Nikolay A. , Azarapin Nikita O. , Glukhova Polina O. , Shelpakova Natalia A. , Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus , Denisenko Yuriy G.
Published: July 2024

Complex oxides Eu2MeO6 (Me–Mo, W), Eu2W2O9 were obtained by a solid‐phase reaction between binary oxides. The thermodynamic and kinetic mechanisms of the reaction processes were established using a variety of physical‐chemical methods. All compounds obtained in this work crystallize in the low‐symmetry monoclinic system, forming complex framework structures, which determine a set of very valuable physical‐chemical properties. Comparison of experimental Kubelka‐Munk functions and DFT‐ calculated absorption spectra shows adequate agreement and reveals the origin of the fundamental absorption. In addition, the deficiency in DFT calculations in the part of mutual contribution of CTBs of Mo−O and W−O, from one side, and Eu−O contributions, from the other side, is reported. Calculations of absorption spectra are shown to be superior to band structure analysis in the determination of optical band gaps. Additionally, luminescent properties of Eu2MeO6 and Eu2W2O9 compounds were investigated. These studies provide a better understanding of the electronic and optical properties of the compounds Eu2MeO6 and Eu2W2O9, along with their potential applications in various areas.
Estimating the mean squared prediction error of the observed best predictor associated with small area counts: A computationally oriented approach
Authors: Nguyen Thuan , Jiang Jiming
Published: July 2024

We consider estimation of the mean squared prediction error (MSPE) for observed best prediction (OBP) in small area estimation with count data. The OBP method has been previously developed in this context by Chen et al. (Journal of Survey Statistics and Methodology, 3, 136–161, 2015). However, estimation of the MSPE remains a challenging problem due to potential model misspecification that is considered in this setting. The latter authors proposed a bootstrap method for estimating the MSPE, whose theoretical justification is not clear. We propose to use a Prasad–Rao‐type linearization method to estimate the MSPE. Unlike the traditional linearization approaches, our method is computationally oriented and easier to implement in the same regard. Theoretical properties and empirical performance of the proposed method are studied. A real‐data application is considered.
Discovery of Fluorescent Naturally‐Occurring Inhibitor of SARS‐CoV‐2 Main Protease by AIE Fluorescent Probe
Authors: Lin Hao , Zhang Chong‐Jing
Published: July 2024

Target‐based high‐throughput screening (HTS) is an efficient way to identify potent drugs. However, the accuracy of HTS could be affected by Pan‐Assay Interference Compounds (PAINS). One reason for the generation of PAINS is that the inherent photophysical property of screened compounds could interfere with typically used assay signals including absorption and fluorescence. Our previous studies indicate that the fluorescent probe based on the fluorophore with characteristics of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) could provide high accuracy of HTS, especially for the fluorescent natural products. Herein, we report an AIE‐based fluorescent probe for the main protease (Mpro) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). We designed and synthesized an AIE fluorescent probe ZLHG5, which has a site that can be specifically cleaved by Mpro to produce a light‐up fluorescence. Thanks to the large Stokes shift of AIE fluorophore (~200 nm), the probe could be effectively used for HTS of Mpro inhibitors. After screening a library of fluorescent natural products with ZLHG5, we obtained two coumarin‐originated natural compounds with potent inhibitory activity towards Mpro protease. This study provides both useful fluorescent HTS probe and potent inhibitors for Mpro protease.
Correlation Between Implant Stability Quotient and Percussion Sound Frequency
Authors: Peeraprasompong Wansiri , Aunmeungtong Weerapan , Khongkhunthian Pathawee
Published: July 2024

Objectives

To determine the correlation between the primary implant stability quotient and the implant percussion sound frequency.

Materials and Methods

A total of 14 pigs' ribs were scanned using a dental cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanner to classify the bone specimens into three distinct bone density Hounsfield units (HU) value categories: D1 bone: >1250 HU; D2: 850–1250 HU; D3: <850 HU. Then, 96 implants were inserted: 32 implants in D1 bone, 32 implants in D2 bone, and 32 implants in D3 bone. The primary implant stability quotient (ISQ) was analyzed, and percussion sound was recorded using a wireless microphone connected and analyzed with frequency analysis software.

Results

Statistically significant positive correlations were found between the primary ISQ and the bone density HU value (r = 0.719; p < 0.001), and statistically significant positive correlations between the primary ISQ and the percussion sound frequency (r = 0.606; p < 0.001). Furthermore, significant differences in primary ISQ values and percussion sound frequency were found between D1 and D2 bone, as well as between D1 and D3 bone. However, no significant differences were found in primary ISQ values and percussion sound frequency between D2 and D3 bone.

Conclusion

The primary ISQ value and the percussion sound frequency are positively correlated.
Sex and Age Differences in Ontogeny of Alloparenting: A Relation to Forebrain DRD1, DRD2, and HTR2A mRNA Expression?
Authors: Huang Yujie , Qing Ruoting , Yang Yu , Li Ming , Gao Jun
Published: July 2024

Alloparenting refers to the practice of caring for the young by individuals other than their biological parents. The relationship between the dynamic changes in psychological functions underlying alloparenting and the development of specific neuroreceptors remains unclear. Using a classic 10‐day pup sensitization procedure, together with a pup preference and pup retrieval test on the EPM (elevated plus maze), we showed that both male and female adolescent rats (24 days old) had significantly shorter latency than adult rats (65 days old) to be alloparental, and their motivation levels for pups and objects were also significantly higher. In contrast, adult rats retrieved more pups than adolescent rats even though they appeared to be more anxious on the EPM. Analysis of mRNA expression using real‐time‐PCR revealed a higher dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) receptor expression in adult hippocampus, amygdala, and ventral striatum, along with higher dopamine D1 receptor (DRD1) receptor expression in ventral striatum compared to adolescent rats. Adult rats also showed significantly higher levels of 5‐hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (HTR2A) receptor expression in the medial prefrontal cortex, amygdala, ventral striatum, and hypothalamus. These results suggest that the faster onset of alloparenting in adolescent rats compared to adult rats, along with the psychological functions involved, may be mediated by varying levels of dopamine DRD1, DRD2, and HTR2A in different forebrain regions.
Reaching While Learning to Sit: Capturing the Kinematics of Co‐Developing Skills at Home
Authors: Iverson Jana M. , Britsch Emily R. , Schneider Joshua L. , Plate Samantha N. , Focaroli Valentina , Taffoni Fabrizio , Keller Flavio
Published: July 2024

This study examined the co‐development of infant reaching and postural control across the transition to arms‐free sitting at home. We observed infants with typical likelihood (TL; n = 24) and elevated likelihood (EL; n = 20) for autism at four biweekly sessions spanning the transition to arms‐free sitting (infant age = 4.5–8 months at first session). At each session, infants sat on a pressure‐sensitive mat with external support or independently, wore magneto‐inertial sensors on both wrists, and reached for toys presented at midline. Analyses focused on characterizing and comparing control of sitting during reaching actions and standard kinematic metrics of reaching during Supported versus Independent Sitting. Although EL infants achieved arms‐free sitting later than TL peers, there were no group differences on any measures. Across sessions, infants’ control of the sitting posture during concurrent reaching movements improved in both contexts, though they were less stable as they reached when sitting independently compared to when sitting with support. A similar effect was apparent in the kinematics of reaches, with overall improvement over time, but evidence of poorer control in Independent relative to Supported Sitting. Taken together, these findings underscore the mutually influential and dynamic relations between emerging skills and well‐established behaviors.
Multi‐dimensional niche differentiation of two sympatric breeding secondary cave‐nesting birds in Northeast China using DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Zhang Li , Liu Zhenyun , Sun Keping , Jin Longru , Yu Jiangping , Wang Haitao
Published: July 2024

Niche theory predicts that ecologically similar sympatric species should show differentiation in at least one of the main niche dimensions (time, space, and/or food). Here, we combined observations of breeding timing, nest site selection, and diet (the latter determined using DNA metabarcoding) to analyze the niche overlap and differentiation between two sympatric secondary cavity‐nesting birds, the Japanese Tit Parus minor and the Yellow‐rumped Flycatcher Ficedula zanthopygia. The results showed that (1) there were significant differences in the first egg laying date, length of the egg laying period, incubation date, and hatching date between tits and flycatchers, and the breeding time of flycatchers peaked later (about 30 days) than that of tits; (2) the two species had a large overlap in nest site selection, although the canopy coverage and shrub density of flycatchers were significantly higher than those of tits; and (3) the niche overlap in diet was minimal, with both species heavily relying on Lepidoptera (39.6% and 63.7% for tits and flycatchers, respectively), but with flycatchers consuming significantly higher percentages of Lepidoptera, Diptera, and Coleoptera than tits. The results indicate that these two sympatric secondary cavity‐nesting species have significant niche differentiation in breeding time and diet, but little differentiation in nest site selection.
Elevated blood bicarbonate levels and long‐term adverse outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Misaka Tomofumi , Sato Yu , Sugawara Yukiko , Ogawara Ryo , Ichimura Shohei , Tomita Yusuke , Anzai Fumiya , Yokokawa Tetsuro , Sato Akihiko , Shimizu Takeshi , Sato Takamasa , Oikawa Masayoshi , Kobayashi Atsushi , Yoshihisa Akiomi , Takeishi Yasuchika
Published: July 2024

Aims

The bicarbonate (HCO3−) buffer system is crucial for maintaining acid–base homeostasis and blood pH. Recent studies showed that elevated serum HCO3− levels serve as an indicator of the beneficial effects of acetazolamide in improving decongestion in acute heart failure. In this study, we sought to clarify the clinical relevance and prognostic impact of HCO3− in chronic heart failure (CHF).

Methods

This cohort study enrolled 694 hospitalized patients with CHF (mean age 68.6 ± 14.6, 62% male) who underwent arterial blood sampling and exhibited neutral pH ranging from 7.35 to 7.45. We characterized the patients based on HCO3− levels and followed them to register cardiac events.

Results

Among the patients, 17.3% (120 patients) had HCO3− levels exceeding 26 mmol/L. Patients presenting HCO3− > 26 mmol/L were more likely to use loop diuretics and had higher serum sodium and lower potassium levels, but left ventricular ejection fraction did not differ compared with those with HCO3− between 22 and 26 (379 patients) or those with HCO3− < 22 mmol/L (195 patients). During a median follow‐up period of 1950 days, Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that patients with HCO3− > 26 mmol/L had the lowest event‐free survival rate from either cardiac deaths or heart failure‐related rehospitalization (P < 0.01 and 0.03, respectively). In the multivariable Cox model, the presence of HCO3− > 26 mmol/L independently predicted increased risks of each cardiac event with a hazard ratio of 2.31 and 1.69 (P < 0.01 and 0.02, respectively), while HCO3− < 22 mmol/L was not associated with these events (hazard ratios, 0.99 and 1.19; P = 0.98 and 0.43, respectively).

Conclusions

Elevated blood HCO3− levels may signify enhanced proximal nephron activation and loop diuretic resistance, leading to long‐term adverse outcomes in patients with CHF, even within a normal pH range.