bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Алкоголизация несовершеннолетних как социальная проблема
Authors: Ларина Е.В.
Published: April 2024

Статья посвящена исследованию современного состояния проблемы употребления спиртного лицами, не достигшими совершеннолетия. Произведен аналитический обзор материалов официальной статистики по изучаемой проблеме. Представлен вторичный анализ данных опроса студенческой молодежи (2021 г., N = 528), исследованы связи между характеристиками родительской семьи и ранней алкоголизацией детей. Выявлены основные факторы, способствующие ранней алкоголизации детей (с 10 лет и младше): проживание без родителей, низкий уровень дохода семьи, низкий уровень образования родителей. Осуществлен анализ содержания групп в популярных виртуальных социальных сетях и каналах общения, специализированных форумов на предмет наличия пропаганды употребления алкоголя. Выявлена актуальность исследуемой проблемы, требующая выработки эффективных мер противодействия. Сформулирован ряд рекомендаций, направленных на повышение эффективности противодействия алкоголизации несовершеннолетних.
Генезис питания в истории отечественных учебных заведений
Authors: Дмитриева Е.Д.
Published: April 2024

Статья посвящена сугубо функциональной проблеме – эволюции системы питания учащихся. Рассматриваются особенности рациона (основные продукты), организация (режим приемов пищи), подходы, принципы осуществления данного процесса, в обобщенном виде относящиеся к широкому кругу учебных заведений. Принимая во внимание дошедшие до нас воспоминания современников, служебные документы, инструкции, автор анализирует изменения, происходящие в отечественном социокультурном поле на протяжении последних нескольких веков с начала Нового времени. Охвачен широкий круг явлений – от присущих малым традиционным школам обычаев до санитарных требований наших дней. Рассматриваются факторы, оказавшие серьезное влияние на генезис изучаемого предмета – как относящиеся к эволюции рациона населения в целом, так и ярко выраженные непосредственно в сфере образования. В результате работы определены основные этапы генезиса питания в отечественных учебных заведениях и сформулирована их основная специфика.
К вопросу о вспышках инфекционных заболеваний
Authors: Редько А.А. , Иванов Д.В.
Published: April 2024

Рассмотрены причины возникновения некоторых вспышек инфекционных заболеваний, относящихся к острым респираторно-вирусным. Рассмотрены ключевые определения такие как эпидемия, пандемия и их изменения, которые выполненные ВОЗ. Подробно рассмотрена вспышка новой коронавирусной инфекции, которая возникла в 2020 г. Приведены доказательства как с клинической, так и с научной точки зрения искусственности происхождения данной инфекции. Показана контрпродуктивность проводимых во время вспышки новой коронавирусной инфекции мероприятий, выполняемых по рекомендациям из ВОЗ. Поставлены вопросы о необходимости психолого-психиатрического освидетельствования претендентов на высшие управленческие должности, особенно на уровне управления страной. Чиновник, не проходивший психиатрическую экспертизу и наделённый полномочиями вносить изменения в регламентирующие документы без научно-­обоснованных результатов, способен создать катастрофические ситуации. ­Рассмотрены вопросы исследования учёными усиления вирусных характеристик опасных инфекций. Приведены примеры проводимых исследований по оспе лошадей и оспе обезьян. Указывается на выраженную заинтересованность коммерческих структур в спонсирование работ с опасными вирусами. Поднимается вопрос не только о биобезопасности и профилактике биотерроризма, но и нравственности научных исследований. Возрастающая роль науки в обществе повышается и актуальность исследования норм, регулирующих научную ­деятельность и отношения науки и общества возрастает. Желание или даже минимальная попытка игнорировать нравственные ценности в научных исследованиях неминуемо приведёт мир к необратимой фатальной катастрофе, которая уничтожит и тех, кто игнорировал этическо-нравственные подходы в научных исследованиях и тех, кто молчаливо и бездейственно наблюдал за нарушениями в этой сфере.
Новые идеи и художественная форма в портретной живописи 1830-х годов
Authors: Гудыменко Ю.Ю.
Published: April 2024

Рассматриваются содержательные и формальные особенности портретного жанра в России 30-х гг. XIX в. В это время наблюдается постепенный отход от чувствительных образов первой трети XIX в. (прежде всего, в женских портретах) к показу более решительных характеров. Новая портретная идея становится доминирующей к концу 30-х гг. XIX в. Подробно рассматриваются основные выразительные средства портретной живописи, делается вывод о продолжении тенденции, заявившей о себе в предыдущем десятилетии – стремлении к декоративности и виртуозности. На основе многочисленных примеров делается вывод о стремлении в 30-е гг. XIX в. к яркому, декоративному колориту и выразительной фактурной поверхности. Главной задачей статьи является поиск новых содержательных и формальных черт не только в общеизвестных образцах портретного жанра, но и в недостаточно изученных картинах из собрания Государственного Эрмитажа. Актуальность выбранной темы связана с попыткой изучения эволюции портретного жанра не с точки зрения общих мировоззренческих идей и привычных «стилевых категорий», а со стороны изучения конкретных произведений и их художественных особенностей.
Спектакль «Заговор императрицы» (1925): БДТ в поисках современного репертуара
Authors: Ряпосов А.Ю.
Published: April 2024

Статья посвящена изучению спектакля «Заговор императрицы» (1925), поставленного А.Н. Лаврентьевым на сцене Ленинградского БДТ по одноименному произведению А.Н. Толстого и П.А. Щёголева. Пьеса представляла собой произведение, соединившее сценичность традиционной исторической мелодрамы с актуальностью жанра политической сатиры на быт и нравы императорской семьи Николая II и Александры Федоровны и их окружения. Спектакль «Заговор императрицы» сумел ответить на вызовы времени: стать постановкой по современной советской пьесе и существенно упрочить финансовое положение театра в условиях Новой экономической политики.
Два пути святителя Луки (Войно-Ясенецкого)
Authors: Котков В.М. , Сорокотяга И.А. , Спирина О.С.
Published: April 2024

Cерьезные внешние вызовы и угрозы, с которыми сегодня столкнулась Россия, продемонстрировали насколько важно уделять самое пристальное внимание патриотическому воспитанию. Одним из методов привития уважения и любви к Родине может стать изучение биографий наших выдающихся соотечественников, явивших образец мужества и осознанного исполнения своего гражданского долга. В качестве примера служения ­Отчизне в статье рассмотрены значимые этапы биографии архиепископа Луки (Войно-­Ясенецкого) – с одной стороны, блестящего ученого-хирурга, а с другой – строгого, но справедливого и чуткого архиерея. Раскрывается место и роль этого человека в науке, хирургии в служении Богу.
«Жизненные якоря» личности как фактор нравственного развития
Authors: Ломонос А.А. , Боброва Н.В. , Богачев А.М.
Published: April 2024

Раскрывается концепция жизненных якорей личности в контексте синтетического, то есть не сводимого ни к биологическому, ни к социальному, ни к их механистическому «сложению» ее понимания. Представленная соавторами концепция представляет собой вклад в практическую междисциплинарную работу на стыке педагогики и психологии с акцентом на духовное развитие. По сути дела, речь идет в смысловом развитии ­концепции доминанты А.А. Ухтомского и теории комплексов К.Г. Юнга в контексте такого сложного феномена, как человеческая деятельность. Авторы исследуют понятие «жизненного ­якоря» как сложного психофизиологического феномена, рассматриваемого в духовном контексте. Этот феномен, связывая воедино различные «измерения» личности, отсылает к диалектическому единству прошлого, настоящего и будущего. ­Такое единство, обладая мощной мотивационной энергией, позволяет при актуализации «жизненного якоря» и (или) его создании, корректировать поведение личности на основе ­работы с ее ценностями и соответствующим образом «я». Статья может стать «опорной точкой», позволяющей в дальнейшем проводить соответствующие исследования по конкретным направлениям. Спецификой работы является ее акцент на обращении к жизненным якорям личности осужденного в целях содействия его развитию и обретения ­внутреннего осмысленного стремления к ресоциализации и способности удерживаться на созидательной траектории развития.
Ноосферизм как основание решения проблем новой индустриализации в Эпоху великого эволюционного перелома
Authors: Субетто А.И.
Published: April 2024

Представлена система оснований ноосферной концепции научно-технического прогресса, новой волны индустриализации в России и в мире. Показано, что надежды на стратегию индустриально-технологического обновления при сохранении рынка и конкуренции и вне идей ноосферизма как нового пути развития России и человечества беспочвенны. Эта стратегия приобретает адекватное онтологическое обоснование только в логике грядущих ноосферно-социалистических преобразований.
Topographical features of the formation of outflow tracts with the use of spongy allo-drainages in glaucoma
Authors: Kornilaeva G. G. , Musina L. A. , Kornilaeva M. P. , Shangina O. R.
Published: April 2024

PURPOSE. Improving the results of the operation and achieving its reliability in secondary glaucoma, including refractory glaucoma, can be done using a non-biodestructible allograft drainage with spongy structure fabricated by Alloplant® technology.

METHODS. Experimental and morphological studies conducted in the Russian Eye and Plastic Surgery Center showed that the allogeneic spongy biomaterial used for anti-glaucoma sponge drainage surgery is gradually replaced by loose tissue with a porous structure, similar to trabecular, forming a new drainage system. During the operation, the proximal part of the drainage is inserted through the excised drainage zone in the anterior chamber angle (ACA). The distal part is tucked into the suprachoroidal space through a linear incision in the scleral bed.

RESULTS. The newly created topography of the ACA after sponge drainage operation with the use of allogeneic biomaterial features not only the expansion of the ACA profile, but also the replacement of the excised part of the drainage zone with biomaterial after sinus trabeculectomy (STE) and elimination of retention of the intraocular fluid (IOF) outflow. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) performed at various times after antiglaucoma surgery showed that the microtubule system preserved. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the ACA demonstrates the location of the drainage in the long-term follow-up.

CONCLUSION. Antiglaucoma operation with the use of allogeneic biomaterial with spongy structure promotes the formation of trabecula-like tissue in the ACA, eliminates retention of IOF outflow, and reduces the risk of scleroscleral and sclero-conjunctival adhesions.
The potential of a fixed combination of brimonidine and timolol in achieving safe intraocular pressure levels after micropulse laser cyclophotocoagulation
Authors: Alekseev I. B. , Berlova V. A. , Kuptsova V. A. , Alekseeva L. I.
Published: April 2024

PURPOSE. To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of using a fixed combination — hypotensive drug Brimonidine Duo (brimonidine tartrate 2 mg/mL + timolol maleate 5 mg/mL) to reduce intraocular pressure in patients with advanced stages of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in cases when achieving target pressure failed after laser micropulse transcleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation (mCPC).

METHODS. MCPC was performed with individually chosen parameters in 100 patients (104 eyes) aged 35 to 86 with POAG, of them 54.17% were men and 45.83% were women. The follow-up period lasted 3 months, the results were evaluated on the 1st, 7th and 14th days, then after 1 and 3 months. In 23.08% of cases (24 patients) subjects were prescribed antihypertensive combination drug Brimayza Duo due to intraocular pressure (IOP) remaining uncompensated.

RESULTS. The average IOP level after 7 days was 23.54± 4.8 mm Hg. After 3 months, IOP values were 18.11±2.04 mm Hg, which is 4–5 mm Hg lower than in the early postoperative period. After 30 days of follow-up, an additional antihypertensive drug Latanoprost 0.005% was added for 5 patients (20.83%). Repeated surgery was recommended and performed in 4 patients (16.67%), of which 1 patient underwent surgical intervention of the penetrating type, 3 patients underwent repeat mCPC with individually chosen parameters.

CONCLUSION. MCPC is a safe and effective tool for reducing intraocular pressure in patients with advanced stages of POAG. The noninvasive nature of this technique makes it possible to speed up the recovery time after surgery, as well as reduce the number of postoperative complications. Among patients who failed to achieve target pressure after surgery, the use of Brimayza Duo was effective in 62.5% of cases.
Age-related increase in lens thickness and changes in the profile of anterior chamber angle in patients with moderate and high axial hyperopia
Authors: Kolenko O. V. , Sorokin E. L. , Pashentsev Ia. E. , Samokhvalov N. V.
Published: April 2024

PURPOSE. To determine the age-related increase in lens thickness (LT), decrease in anterior chamber depth (ACD) and anterior chamber angle (ACA) in patients with short axial length (APA) of the eyes.

METHODS. The study included 100 patients (200 eyes) with short AL (23 mm or less), with a transparent lens or with initial stage of age-related cataract: 46 men and 54 women, aged 19 to 85 years. The LT and ACD, ACA parameters were assessed using optical coherence tomography.

RESULTS. In the total population of patients, LT increased by an average of 32 μm per year. At the same time, ACD and ACA decreased by an average of 14 µm and 0.3° per year, respectively (p<0.001). In men, LT increased by 35 μm per year, while in women it increased by 29 μm per year, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.071). But the decrease in ACA in men averaged 0.38° per year, while in women it was 0.23° per year, this difference was statistically significant (p=0.003). In addition, the rate of decrease in the ACD in men and women also differed statistically significantly: 18 µm versus 11 µm per year (p=0.018).

CONCLUSION. 1. According to our data, the annual increase in LT in eyes with short AL averages 32 μm, the decrease in ACD and ACA is on average 14 μm and 0.3° per year, respectively.

2. We did not find a statistically significant gender difference in the rate of annual increase in LT, although the rate of decrease in ACA and ACD in men turned out to be statistically significantly higher.

3. The obtained data on the annual changes in such morphometric parameters as LT, ACA and ACD in eyes with short AL are key in the formation of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). It may allow a more precise prediction of the timeline of an increased risk of PACG in each particular case.
Surgical treatment of secondary glaucoma in comorbid pathology with subsequent penetrating keratoplasty (case study)
Authors: Starostina A. V. , Golovin A. V. , Burlakov K. S. , Sholokhova V. R. , Taevere M. R. , Troshina A. A.
Published: April 2024

PURPOSE. To evaluate the effect of surgical treatment of secondary glaucoma with subsequent end-to-end keratoplasty in a patient with aphakia, operated retinal detachment and condition after intrastromal keratoplasty.

METHODS. A patient with secondary refractory glaucoma against the background of aphakia, a biopolymer implant in the corneal stroma, an inflammatory reaction to multiple surgical interventions (formation of anterior synechiae), operated retinal detachment was examined in the S.N. Fedorov National Medical Research Center "MNTK "Eye Microsurgery" in Moscow. The following treatment was performed: implantation of Ahmed valve drainage and pene-trating keratoplasty with implant removal.

RESULTS. On the second day after implantation of Ahmed valve drainage on the right eye, intraocular pressure was normal in palpatory examination, the drainage tube in the anterior chamber was in the correct position. Three months after the operation, there were no complaints, intraocular pressure was normal in palpatory examination, there was a decrease in corneal edema. Penetrating keratoplasty was performed four months after the implantation of Ahmed valve drainage. On the second day after the operation, hypotension was noted with palpatory measurement of intraocular pressure, which persisted for five days. At patient discharge, the graft was adapted, the sutures were consistent, normal pressure with palpatory examination. During the observation period of up to three months, visual acuity increased to 0.1.

CONCLUSION. To prolong the hypotensive effect and minimize intra- and postoperative complications in order to achieve the highest possible visual functions before performing optical reconstructive surgery, it is advisable to perform an anti-glaucoma intervention. In secondary refractory glaucoma caused by various factors, the choice of surgical treatment is always individual and depends on the severity of anatomical changes, the experience and capabilities of the surgeon, and often requires multi-stage treatment with continuous observation.
The relationship of the metabolic syndrome and its correction with the development and progression of glaucoma
Authors: Makogon S. I. , Ivanova D. I.
Published: April 2024

Glaucoma continues to be the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The main proven risk factor is elevated intraocular pressure. But questions remain on the impact of various somatic diseases and their correction on the course of glaucoma. This review provides information on the metabolic syndrome and considers some of its components and their correction in patients with glaucoma.

The metabolic syndrome includes arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and obesity. The presented experimental and clinical studies show that the components of the metabolic syndrome correlate with glaucoma. Such components of the metabolic syndrome as arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus are without doubt risk factors for the development of glaucoma. The opinions of researchers regarding whether obesity and dyslipidemia can also be considered risk factors are ambiguous. Recently, however, interest in them has increased due to in-depth study of the microbiome, since changes in it play a certain role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system and the retina. Several studies have noted that being overweight and obese is associated with a risk of developing glaucoma. Indicators of lipid metabolism also showed a certain relationship with the risk of developing glaucoma. Treatment of lipid metabolism disorders commonly involves the use of statin drugs. Recent studies show that they may have more than just a hypolipidemic effect. A number of studies has demonstrated that the use of statins improves blood circulation and has a neuroprotective effect.
Trends in the surgical treatment of glaucoma in recent decades
Authors: Gusarevich A. A. , Kuroyedov A. V. , Brezhnev A. Y.
Published: April 2024

The analysis of trends in the surgical treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) allows assessing changes in the indications for surgical treatment, the number of glaucoma surgery and their modifications, as well as the demographic characteristics of patients, duration of preoperative therapy and the effectiveness of treatment.

The results indicate that over the past 20 years in the Russian Federation there was a shift towards an increasingly long-term therapeutic strategy used before the surgical stage of treatment, and, in general, a decrease in the number of performed glaucoma surgeries. There is much concern about late surgical treatment, which is confirmed by the established increase in the age of first-time operated patients, and the tendency to increase the number of operations at a far advanced stage of the disease. Most of the published studies on the postoperative hypotensive efficacy of surgery are of limited duration, which does not allow an adequate assessment of the results of treatment. Early appointment of medical hypotensive therapy after surgical intervention indicates a low interaction between outpatient and inpatient specialists, which hinders the possibility of early correction of postoperative problems. The recent increase in the number of scientific works, especially patents, focusing on the search for new technologies that can be implemented in glaucoma surgery, the development of modern drainage devices and the methods for prolonging the hypotensive effect after surgery gives a reason for optimism. The performed analysis dictates the need to develop and implement measures aimed at clearly defined indications for timely surgical treatment and creation of conditions for a complex relationship between the patient, outpatient ophthalmologist and glaucoma surgeon.
Review and comparison of selected methods of calculating wheel-rail contact tangential forces on the example of riding stability analysis of a two-axle vehicle
Authors: Szeszycki Adrian , Bryk Karol , Stefańska Natalia
Published: April 2024

This article presents methods currently used in railway vehicle dynamics simulations (MBS) for calculating wheel-rail contact forces. Simulation models of two-axle vehicle built in Simpack 2023 simulation environment were used to compare the selected methods. The paper focuses on the issue of riding stability of the mentioned group of vehicles. The developed research methodology consists in simulating the riding of a vehicle exhibiting instability (hunting movement) on an ideal straight track using the wheel-rail contact models available in the Simpack 2023 environment. Then the obtained results are input data for recalculation of contact forces with selected algorithms. The study is aimed at comparing the selected methods for calculating contact forces, so there is no interaction of the algorithms tested with the MBS simulation model. The results obtained were compared with Kalker's "exact theory" of contact (CONTACT) for the elliptical contact area.
Leisure-time physical activity and cognitive function in the elderly community: population census
Authors: Leal Felipe Amende de Souza , Bona Cleiton Chiamonti , Portella Marilene Rodrigues , Mascarelo Andreia , Alves Ana Luisa Sant Anna
Published: April 2024

Adopting healthy habits, especially regular physical activity, is essential for healthy aging and cognitive health promotion. Objective: to describe the prevalence of leisure-time physical activity and its association with cognitive function in community-dwelling elderly. Methods: a cross-sectional, census-based study with individuals ≥ 60 years residing in Coxilha, Rio Grande do Sul in 2021. The level of physical activity, mental state, and sociodemographic characteristics were analyzed. Qualitative variables were presented in univariate frequency distributions and bivariate analysis through the chi-square test and Fisher's Exact Test. Results: Of the 519 elderly evaluated, only 11.4% were classified as physically active in their leisure time, being more common in elderly without cognitive decline (p=0.027). The other investigated variables did not show a significant association with the outcome (p>0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of physically active elderly in leisure time is low, being more prevalent among those without cognitive decline.
Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of pregnant women regarding the influenza vaccine: a systematic review
Authors: Self Ingrid Albuquerque Araujo Gomes , Ferreira Meire Coelho , Rêgo Adriana Sousa
Published: April 2024

Influenza vaccination during prenatal care protects the pregnant woman, the fetus and the newborns in the first 6 months of life, being of utmost importance. The aim of the study was to investigate pregnant women's knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding influenza vaccination. A systematic literature review was developed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022315929). Six scientific databases were used as primary sources (PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, Web of Science, EMBASE and LILACS) and three databases (ProQuest, LIVIVO and Google Scholar) were searched to partially select the "gray literature". Only cross-sectional studies evaluating pregnant women's knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding influenza vaccine, without year and language restriction were included. The search resulted in 2,135 studies, of which 16 met the eligibility criteria. Overall, the studies showed that the knowledge and belief regarding the efficacy and safety of the influenza vaccine is low. Thus, educational actions aimed at pregnant women, family members, and health professionals involved in prenatal care are fundamental to raise awareness about the importance of and adherence to influenza vaccination.
Music education and environmental education: a bibliographical research
Authors: Wolffenbüttel Cristina Rolim , Muniz Císara Ferri , Kochenborger Angélica Nascimento
Published: April 2024

The article is a research that aimed to collect and analyze scientific productions that focus on Musical Education and Environmental Education as related themes. It started with the following questions: What are the relationships between Musical Education and Environmental Education, expressed in scientific productions? To achieve the objectives, a qualitative approach was used as a methodology and bibliographical research as a method. Data were collected through Internet research and analyzed using content analysis. As a result, it was observed that the data collected from the articles refer to music as a “tool” for other objectives, and not as the main focus. The same happened when it came to Musical Education. The need for Musical Education to be understood in its intrinsic importance is understood, as musical knowledge is a right for all people.
No matter the age, gender or social status: the consumption of fish in the Pantanal comes from the river
Authors: Landim Gabriela Segura , Campos Derick Victor de Souza , Oliveira Junior Ernandes Sobreira , Muniz Claumir Cesar
Published: April 2024

The consumption of fish meat in Brazil is low compared do beef, pork and poultry. To charactetrize the profile of fish consumption in the city of Cáceres-MT, we interviewed 269 people using a questionnaire through Google Forms® platform, to identify the main determinants for the population’s acquisition of fish meat. Based on the frequency of consunmption, we found that the respondents include fish in their diet in 1-3 meals/month. The main place of purchase was fish markets and the primary location of consumption was at home, with pacu being the preferred choice of the interviewed group. The majority of respondents cited price as the reason for not consuming or consuming less fish. Therefore, it was observed that fish is an important source of food with great potential for inclusion in the diet of the residents of Cáceres. Moreover, the majority of the fish consumed come from the river, showing the importance of the fisheries to the local population. This can serve to strengthen the need for certain strategies to improve fish consumption, such as those in Cáceres-MT, which defend initiatives related to the maintenance of fishing and the possibility of maintaining a centuries-old culture of food and fishing
The state of the art of publications that relate the practice of Logotherapy to the promotion of resilience in adolescents
Authors: Marcelino Poliana Moreira Cortez , Achkar Ana Maria Nunes El , Yunes Maria Ângela Mattar
Published: April 2024

This study aims to present an integrative review of the literature to analyze the state of the art of national and international publications that relate the practice of Logotherapy to the promotion of resilience in adolescents. The databases used were BVS, Eric, Lilacs, SciELO, PsycNet, and PubMed, with the descriptors: Logotherapy, meaning in life, resilience, and adolescence. Four articles were found as a result of this analysis. The findings demonstrated a scarcity of Latin American publications on this topic. Another aspect highlighted by the review was the fact that the studies, in their entirety, brought the definition of resilience as a capacity, which denotes an alignment with the early waves of resilience research. Based on the publications found, it can be concluded that Logotherapy can positively influence the promotion of resilience processes in adolescents.
Knowledge without Epistemology
Authors: Feyerabend Paul K.
Published: April 2024

The universality of scientific principles, theories, laws is never purely “objective”, it has a strong anthropological component. A theory of knowledge invoking transhistorical agencies is therefore not only dead — it was never alive; its so-called successes are nothing but an immense chimera. Scientific research knows no universal boundary conditions or standards whether of a conventional, aprioristic, or empirical kind but uses and invents rules according to circumstance without regarding the selection as a separate “epistemic” act and often without realising that an important choice is being made.
Impacto Econômico das Recomendações Farmacêuticas Realizadas em uma Unidade de Transplante Hepático de um Hospital Universitário
Authors: Nascimento Lara , Oliveira Alene Barros de , Neto José Martins de Alcântara , Linhares Maria Gabrielle Oliveira e Silva , Andrade Cinthya Cavalcante de
Published: April 2024

Introdução: Os avanços na medicina proporcionaram a possibilidade do transplante de órgãos e tecidos para fins terapêuticos. Os pacientes transplantados, além da terapia imunossupressora, fazem, em sua maioria, tratamento para outras comorbidade e essa polifarmácia faz com que o papel do farmacêutico seja de extrema importância para garantir a segurança e a adesão do paciente. Por meio das recomendações farmacêuticas (RF), o profissional consegue reduzir a morbimortalidade e o tempo de internação, assim como os custos de saúde. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo observacional, descritivo retrospectivo, realizado no período de janeiro de 2021 a dezembro de 2022, que tem por objetivo analisar o impacto econômico das recomendações farmacêuticas realizadas em uma unidade de transplante hepático de um hospital universitário. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de maio a agosto de 2023 com auxílio do banco de dados da farmácia clínica da instituição. O impacto econômico foi classificado como aumento de efetividade (AE), redução de custo (RC) e risco evitado (RE), calculados por uma metodologia desenvolvida e adaptada à realidade do estudo. Os custos relacionados à aquisição dos medicamentos foram verificados mediante o sistema próprio do hospital e os valores foram ajustados de acordo com a inflação de junho de 2023. Resultados: Foram realizadas 363 RF, das quais o AE representou 64% (n = 231), seguido por RC (20%, n = 72) e RE (16%, n = 60). O valor total resultante corrigido pelo Índice Nacional de Preços ao Consumidor Amplo (IPCA) foi de R$ 179.223,31, sendo o valor do RE de R$ 140.414,04 e da RC de R$ 38.809,27. Conclusão: A importância do farmacêutico clínico na equipe multidisciplinar é evidente por meio da melhoria do acompanhamento dos pacientes, da monitorização e da gestão da condição de saúde. Por intermédio deste estudo podemos perceber que as RF apresentadas obtiveram impacto financeiro considerável e obteve-se, pela otimização da farmacoterapia dos pacientes transplantados, uma AE terapêutica. Percebe-se, ainda, a importância de se desenvolverem mais estudos que mostrem o impacto da qualidade assistencial proporcionada pela atuação da farmácia clínica, para que seja possível destacar a importância dessa seara para a assistência em saúde.
Surgical Apgar Score in Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation — An Integrative Review
Authors: Paiva Lorena Nascimento , Neto Olival Cirilo Lucena da Fonseca
Published: April 2024

The Apgar score was created to assess newborns’ risk of death and complications. The surgical Apgar score (SAS) was created to adapt this index to determine mortality and postsurgical morbidity. This scale ranges from 0 to 10, with the highest value corresponding to the patient with the lowest risk. Its use may be more widely disseminated to avoid and evaluate possible postoperative complications in specific surgeries. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the SAS and its implication in postsurgical risk assessment in patients undergoing hepatobiliopancreatic surgery and hepatic transplantation. Methods: Integrative literature review developed through searches in the PubMed database. To compose this review, six articles were selected after analyzing and applying the criteria defined by the authors. Results: The use of the SAS has good statistical evidence as a scale for assessing the risk of complications and death in the postoperative period of hepatobiliopancreatic surgeries and hepatic transplantation. In addition to proving valuable and efficient in pancreatic surgeries, the SAS was also considered helpful in indicating complications after hepatic surgery and hepatic transplantation. Conclusion: The SAS can be clinically useful to guide decisions on rapid post-transplant and perioperative risk screening for general surgeries or the allocation of intensive care, given that it proves to be efficient as a strategy that can predict the chance of morbidity and mortality of a particular patient who underwent surgery.
Impact Of Pharmacist Led Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Vancomycin in Pediatric Cancer Patients
Authors: Mazhar Saba , Akhtar Ali , Shirazi Ovais Ullah , Razaque Ghulam , Nisa Umda Tun , Akbar Zunaira , Bhutta Omer , Siddique Adeel
Published: April 2024

Aim

This study aimed to evaluate the dosing regimen and therapeutic drug monitoring of vancomycin in this patient population.

Method

The study included 100 pediatric patients (3 months to 15 years) with various gram-positive bacterial infections. All patients received the initial vancomycin dose of 15 mg/kg every 6 hours. The researchers evaluated the incidence of achieving desired trough levels with this dosing regimen.

Results

The results revealed that patients between 1.0 and 5.9 years of age were less likely to achieve the desired trough levels with the initial vancomycin dose. Consequently, dose adjustments were made for patients with sub-therapeutic trough levels. These adjustments involved a 25% increase in the vancomycin dose. Importantly, the study found that the higher vancomycin dosing did not have any harmful effects on kidney function in pediatric patients, and no significant adverse effects were observed.

Conclusion

The dosing regimen of 15 mg/kg every 6 hours was unlikely to achieve the desired trough concentrations in pediatric patients with complicated infections and oncological diseases. The study recommends dose adjustments for the treatment of different infections in this population to increase the likelihood of reaching therapeutic steady-state concentrations of vancomycin.
NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY IN HEALTH SCIENCES: CURRENT APPLICATIONS TO FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
Authors: ALI A , KAMRAN A
Published: April 2024

This mini-review provides a comprehensive overview of the current applications and future perspectives of nanobiotechnology in health sciences. Drawing upon recent advancements, the review explores the role of nanoparticles in drug delivery, diagnostic imaging, therapeutics, regenerative medicine, and point-of-care diagnostics. Each application is discussed in detail, highlighting the significant contributions of nanotechnology to precision medicine, targeted therapy, bioimaging technologies, nanorobotics, and bioinformatics integration. Additionally, the review emphasizes the potential impact of nanobiotechnology on improving patient outcomes and advancing healthcare delivery. The review incorporates data from various databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of the field.
On The Diophantine 3-Cyclic Refined Neutrosophic Roots of Unity
Authors:   University of Debrecen, Department of Mathematical and Computational Science, Debrecen, Hungary, Warshine Warshine ,   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Mathematics Department, Beijing, China,   Faculty Of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon, Xu Lee , Jumayel Josef Al
Published: April 2024

The 3-cyclic refined neutrosophic roots of unity are exactly the solutions of the Diophantine equation in the 3-cyclic refined neutrosophic ring of integers . This paper is dedicated to finding all 3-cyclic refined neutrosophic Diophantine roots of unity, where it proves that there exist only three solutions for the case of odd order (n), and twelve different solutions for the case of even order (n). On the other hand, the group generated from all solutions will be classified as a finite abelian group with direct products of finite cyclic groups.
On Some Different Types of Algebraic Linear Equations In Several Different Symbolic 2-Plithogenic Rings
Authors:   Department Of Mathematics, University Of Blida 1, Blida, Algeria, Djamal Djamal
Published: April 2024

Plithogenic algebraic rings are considered novel generalizations of neutrosophic rings. This paper is dedicated to studying and solving many different types of symbolic 2-plithogenic linear algebraic equations where dual, split-complex, and weak fuzzy linear equations of symbolic 2-plithogenic type will be solved and discussed. Also, we illustrate many numerical examples to clarify the validity of our work.
Cold Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia as First Clinical Manifestations in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in Young Female Patient, a Rare Association: Case Report
Authors: Alhashim Haidar , Alsaleh Hussain M. , Alfayez Raed A. , Alamin Ahmed M.
Published: April 2024

Background: Cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia” is very uncommon in systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), and until now a small number of similar reports have been published in scientific papers.
Case presentation: Here, we present a nineteen-year-old female patient who admitted with cold type hemolytic anemia, pancytopenia and was later diagnosed to have SLE.
Conclusion: Despite the very rare association between SLE and cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), this case report improves clinical practice regarding considering SLE as one of the differential diagnoses in cold AIHA, to provide early diagnosis and optimal management.
The Effect of Obesity on Surgical Outcomes in General Surgery Patients: A Systematic Review of 1,680,694 patients
Authors: I Brnawi Haneen , A Alghabban Ahmed , E ALamri Raghad , A Alqahtani Ali , Hussain Saud , Alqahtani Abdulrahman , Alomran Marwan , Alatya Saleem , Alkhaibari Marwan , Asiri Khalid , Hader Khaled , Alassiri Rayyan , Alharbi Meshal
Published: April 2024

The study examined the impact of obesity on general surgery patients, analyzing eleven studies with 1,680,694 patients. Results showed that obesity increases postoperative wound infection risk, blood loss, and recovery times. However, prospective studies found no increase in surgical complications or hospitalization expenses. Obesity may protect against venous thromboembolism and death, but post-operative complications in obese patients undergoing general surgical procedures remain controversial due to metabolic, pharmacologic, and systemic illnesses. Obesity increases surgical duration and SSIs, potentially increasing immediate complications.
Hubungan Tingkat Kecemasan Dengan Kepuasan Kerja Perawat Di Ruang Rawat Inap Bougenville RSUD Leuwiliang Tahun 2021
Authors: Susanti Susi
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Anxiety is a worry or feeling of fear experienced by a nurse.
Methods: The research method used is descriptive correlation with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were 30 nurses. Samples were taken using a total sampling technique of 30 nurses. The instruments used were the HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) questionnaire and the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ). Results Data analysis used univariate and bivariate data using the Chi-Square test.
Results: The results of this study indicate that there is a relationship between the level of anxiety (p-value = 0.026) and job satisfaction of nurses at Bougenville Hospital Leuwiliang in 2021.
Discussion: Hospitals are expected to do regular refreshments to improve the quality of nurses so that it is hoped that the level of nurses will decrease along with the increase in knowledge and skills. This can also increase the job satisfaction of nurses so that they can always work optimally.
Teknik Relaksasi Nafas Dalam Disertai Musik Religi Dapat Mengurangi Intensitas Nyeri Pada Pasien Post-Operasi Fraktur
Authors: Friska Esra
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Surgery on fracture patients will cause pain, as an unpleasant emotional and sensory experience due to tissue damage.
Methods: This type of research used a one-group pre-post test design. There is no comparison group (control) with a sample of 58 respondents. The standard instrument used is the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) observation sheet.
Results: From the results of univariate data testing, it was found that 77,6% of the sex distribution were male, with an age distribution of < 30 years of 58,6%. From the results of the bivariate test, it was found that there was an effect of deep breathing relaxation techniques accompanied by religious music on reducing pain intensity with a p-value of 0,000.
Discussion: The result represented that there is a decrease in pain intensity after deep breathing relaxation techniques are carried out accompanied by religious music.
Terapi Storytelling Berpengaruh Terhadap Penurunan Kecemasan Anak Usia Pra-Sekolah Saat Menjalani Hospitalisasi Di Rumah Sakit
Authors: Ihza Ramadhan M. Rizky
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Anxiety is the impact of hospitalization experienced by children because they face stressors in the hospital environment. Forms of anxiety that arise such as restless children, fussy children, and crying, the condition certainly requires a folded strategy so that hospitalized preschoolers can receive programmed medical or nursing measures. One strategy that can be applied is storytelling therapy.
Methods: The study used an experimental method involving 25 preschool child respondents.
Results: T-Test statistical test results obtained significant numbers or probability values ​​(0.000) much lower standards significantly than 0.05 or (p < ) which means there is a significant difference in pre-school anxiety between before and after being given storytelling therapy.
Discussion: Researchers concluded that there was an influence on the level of anxiety of childhood hospitalization before and after storytelling therapy.
Hubungan Gaya Hidup Dengan Kejadian Hipertensi Pada Lansia Di Desa Gunungsari Ciranjang Tahun 2021
Authors: Adinda Putri Handayani
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Hypertension has become a major problem in world health. One billion people in the world suffer from hypertension two-thirds of them are in developing countries. Middle-low income. The prevalence of hypertension will continue to increase sharply. Hypertension has resulted in deaths occurring in Southeast Asia, where a third of the population suffers from hypertension. Hypertension is closely related to human lifestyle. The lifestyle of the elderly also affects the occurrence of emerging diseases. Lifestyle is broadly defined as a person’s lifestyle in the world which is expressed in his activities, interests, and opinions. Lifestyle describes the whole person who interacts with his environment.
Methods: This research is quantitative with the design of correlation research using a cross-sectional design, and random sampling data retrieval techniques using informant questionnaire sheets in this study 60 people were determined by random sampling methods and statistical tests using the Chi-Square test.
Results: The results of the statistical test showed that there was a Lifestyle Mutation with The Incidence of Hypertension in the Elderly in Gunungsari Ciranjang Village in 2021 with the results of the statistical test p-value = < 0,05) therefore H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted.
Discussion: Conclusion that there is a lifestyle relationship with the incidence of hypertension in the elderly in Gunungsari Ciranjang Village in 2021.
Hubungan Pola Asuh, Lingkungan Dan Stimulus Terhadap Kemandirian Dalam Hand Hygiene Pada Anak Pra-Sekolah Di TK Kristen Gideon Kalabahi Tahun 2022
Authors: Tanesib Veronika Vidensia
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Independence is the ability of somebody to respond to what to do with a little help or without help from other people. Existing independence on self child age early could support them in self arrange alone like decision making, problem solution, self believe, social skills, and interpersonal intelligence. WHO considers cleanliness of hands very urgent so we set October 15th as the Day Hand Wash Worldwide. Report Riskesdas in 2018, population data were obtained Indonesia as much as 49,8% already have the habit of washing hands the right way. Purpose: for knowing connection pattern foster, environment, and stimulus to independence in hand hygiene on a child pre-Gideon Kalabahi Christian Kindergarten in 2022.
 Methods: Research this use approach quantitative with design studies cross-sectional. Sample whole Gideon Kalabahi Christian Kindergarten student and the master totaling 80 respondents. Instrument use questionnaire as well as sheet observation.
 Results: Test statistics chi-square obtained Mark p-value that is 0,003 <ꭤ= 0,05 there is a connection among pattern foster and independence in hand hygiene, there is the connection between the stimulus and independence in hand hygiene Mark p-value 0,007 <ꭤ= 0,05 and no there is connection Among environment and independence in hand hygiene Mark p-value is 0,021 <ꭤ= 0,05.
 Discussion: Parents hope as a nanny first could control, guide, and accompany their son going to maturity, because its stimulation with method invites a child to play, sing, and various other activities as well as create a nice environment so that child could grow optimally.
Thoracic hydatid cyst: A rare case
CT and MRI finding
Authors: FATHELLAH kenza , Mekouar Younes , MERZEM Aicha , Belgadir Hasnaa , Moussali Nadia , Elbenna Naima
Published: April 2024

Hydatid cyst is a worldwide zoonosis. The lungs and liver are the most common sites involved. Extrapulmonary intrathoracic hydatid cysts may include the pleural cavity, fissures, mediastinum, heart, vascular structures, chest wall, and diaphragm. Radiological imaging plays a pivotal role not only in the diagnosis of hydatid cysts but also in the visualization of the extent of involvement and complications. We report a case of a 47-year-old female with a history of chronic pyothorax tuberculosis, treated with antitubercular therapy and a left pneumonectomy in 1998. She complained of chest pain with mild shortness of breath and loss of appetite. CT and MRI showed a voluminous solid cystic process within the left pneumonectomy cavity with extrathoracic and intra-abdominal extension.