bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of the nutritional status of elderly with the use of the MNA questionnaire and determination of factors contributing to malnutrition. A pilot study
Authors: Kostecka Małgorzata , Bojanowska Monika
Published: June 2021

BSTRACT
Background. In the elderly, nutrition significantly influences biological aging and physiological and pathological changes in the body. A balanced diet and physical activity are the key to good physical and mental health.
Objective. The aim of this study was: (1) to perform nutritional screening tests in senior citizens residing in eastern Poland and (2) to evaluate the risk of malnutrition in elderly people who live with their families, seniors who live independently, and residents of nursing homes.
Material and method. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) screening tool comprising a questionnaire with 22 questions and an abbreviated and survey-adapted version of the questionnaire (KomPAN) were used to investigate eating habits and self-perception of health and nutrition. A total of 398 correctly filled out questionnaires were selected and the resulting data were subjected to statistical analyses in the Statistica 10 program.
Results. The BMI values of most respondents were indicative or malnutrition or risk of malnutrition, regardless of gender (mean BMI 23.88 kg/m2 ±5.08). Most overweight and obese respondents were female (p=0.0001). The observed decreased BMI values was significantly (p=0.0012, rs= 0.6714) correlated with lower food intake. Unintentional weight loss greater than 3 kg was most frequently noted in respondents living in nursing homes and living independently (p=0.0021). Eating difficulties also considerably influenced the respondents’ nutritional status. The respondents’ BMI values were significantly correlated (p<0.0001) with their MNA scores, the average MNA score was 21.0±4.4, (rs = 0.7293). Overweight and obese respondents were more likely to consume at least three meals daily (OR=1.87; 95% CI: 1.32-2.06; p<0.001).
Conclusions. The BMI values and MNA scores of the tested subjects indicate that the majority of the surveyed respondents were malnourished or at risk of malnutrition, regardless of gender. In the present study, the residential environment significantly influenced the patients’ nutritional status, in particular in respondents with impaired motor abilities and eating difficulties.
PENGENALAN DIGITAL MARKETING DAN PELATIHAN E-COMMERCE SEBAGAI BENTUK KEWIRAUSAHAAN DINI BAGI PELAJAR SMK LINGGA KENCANA DEPOK
Authors: Hasanudin Hasanudin , Hadistia Ananda , Lestiyadi Ayu Puspa , Aprilliani Siti , Meryati Ani
Published: June 2021

Kegiatan pegabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk membahas bentuk strategi yang digunakan dalam perkembangan teknologi ke depan. Pengenalan digital marketing dan pelatihan e-commerce memiliki peranan penting dalam strategi pemasaran terutama sebagai bentuk kewirausahaan dini bagi pelajar SMK Lingga Kencana Depok. Adapun metode yang dilakukan berupa penyampaian materi dalam bentuk teori presentasi dan praktik/penerapan pembuatan konten digital marketing baik melalui media sosial maupun melalui e-commerce.Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa sebelum pelaksanaan PKM, para pelajar SMK Lingga Kencana Depok belum begitu mengenal istilah-istilah terkait dengan pemasaran produk lewat media online, namun setelah pelaksaan kegiatan diketahui para pelajar SMK Lingga Kencana Depok dapat memahami dasar-dasar pemasaran melaui media sosial ataupun melalui e-commerce secara sederhana. Kegiatan PKM berperan positif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan peserta dalam pemasaran ataupun penjualan melalui digital marketing dan e-commerce.Metode kegiatan yang digunakan adalah bekerjasama dengan SMK Lingga Kencana Depok yang berada di Jl.Raya Sawangan no. 47, Kelurahan Rangkapan Jaya Baru, Kecamatan Pancoran Mas, Kota Depok, Provinsi Jawa Barat dan mencari pemasalahan yang ada di tempat tersebut sehingga dapat memberikan solusi yang tepat dalam memotivasi para peserta yang adalah pelajar SMK sehingga mereka bisa memanfaatkan perkembangan pemasaran dan penjualan secara online dengan tepat sasaran. Setelah di analisis maka kami memberikan pelatihan dalam bentuk materi dan praktek yang bertujuan mengembangkan kemampuan para pelajar SMK untuk meningkatkan pemasaran dan penjualan via media daring (online).Kata kunci : PKM, digital marketing , e-commerce, Daring
UPAYA PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER PEMUDA DALAM PENDIDIKAN TERHADAP KARANG TARUNA KELURAHAN PAMULANG TIMUR
Authors: Sugiarti Endang , Marayasa I Nyoman , Wartono Tri , Prasetyo Hendri , Sari Ratna
Published: June 2021

Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) merupakan bagian integral dari Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi yang dalam pelaksanaannya tidak terlepas dari dua dharma yang lainnya, serta melibatkan segenap sivitas akademika: dosen, mahasiswa, tenaga kependidikan serta alumni. Melalui PKM sivitas akademik dapat hadir di tengah- tengah masyarakat. Membangun karakter (character building) adalah proses mengukir atau memahat jiwa sedemikian rupa sehingga membentuk unik, menarik, dan berbeda atau dapat dibedakan dengan orang lain. Ibarat sebuah huruf aflabet yang tak pernah sana antara yang satu dengan yang lain, demikianlah orang-orang yang berkarakter dapat dibedakan satu dengan yang lainnya (termasuk dengan yang tidak/belum berkarakter atau berkarakter tercela). Pribadi yang menyenangkan sangat kita butuhkan untuk membangun langkah-langkah keberhasilan dalam hidup, baik itu keberhasilan dalam pekerjaan, bisnis, karier, maupun kekuarga. Sebaliknya, pribadi yang membosankan yang ”tidak dapat dikenal” orang lain, akan menghadapi kesulitan dalam mengembangkan diri. Termasuk hambatan dalam mengembangkan kesuksesan dalam setiap bidang kehidupan. Oleh karena itu, tidak ada pilihan lain, selain membangun pribadi yang menyenangkan; menyenangkan bagi diri sendiri, juga bagi orang lain, terutama orang-orang terdekat, rekan kerja, atasan, klien dan orang-orang yang membutuhkan pertolongan kita Kata Kunci: Karakter, pendidikan, anak
BIMBINGAN TEKNIS PEMBUATAN PERATURAN DESA DI DESA KAWUNGLARANG, KECAMATAN RANCAH, KABUPATEN CIAMIS
Authors: Darusman Yoyon M. , Susanto Susanto , Wiyono Bambang , Iqbal Muhamad , Bastianon Bastianon
Published: June 2021

Peraturan Desa ditetapkan oleh Kepala Desa setelah dibahas dan disepakati bersama Badan Permusyawaratan Desa merupakan kerangka hukum dan kebijakan dalam penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Desa dan Pembangunan Desa. Penetapan Peraturan Desa merupakan penjabaran atas berbagai kewenangan yang dimiliki Desa mengacu pada ketentuan peraturan perundangundangan yang lebih tinggi. Sehingga sebagai sebuah produk hukum, Peraturan Desa tidak boleh bertentangan dengan peraturan yang lebih tinggi dan tidak boleh merugikan kepentingan umum. Salah satu daru alasan di buatnya Undang-undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa adalah pengakuan bahwa Desa memiliki hak asal usul dan hak tradisional dalam mengatur dan mengurus kepentingan masyarakat setempat dan berperan mewujudkan cita-cita kemerdekaan berdasarkan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 Hal ini disebabkan karena dengan diakuinya desa sebagai sebuah daerah otonom menjadikan desa memiliki peran utama dalam mengelola, memberdayakan dan memajukan sumber daya yang tersedia, baik sumber daya alam maupun sumber daya manusia. Sehingga pada akhirnya mampu menggerakkan roda pembangunan yang harus diiringi kesadaran akan pemahaman spirit otonomi bagi seluruh penggerak warga desa dan kapasitas perangkat juga masyarakat dalam memahami tata kelola pemerintahan. Kelembagaan Desa/Desa Adat, yaitu lembaga Pemerintahan Desa/Desa Adat yang terdiri atas Pemerintah Desa/Desa Adat dan Badan Permusyawaratan Desa/Desa Adat, Lembaga Kemasyarakatan Desa, dan lembaga adat. Kepala Desa/Desa Adat atau yang disebut dengan nama lain merupakan kepala Pemerintahan Desa/Desa Adat yang memimpin penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Desa. Kepala Desa/Desa Adat atau yang disebut dengan nama lain mempunyai peran penting dalam kedudukannya sebagai kepanjangan tangan negara yang dekat dengan masyarakat dan sebagai pemimpin masyarakat. Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi merupakan visi dari seluruh perguruan tinggi di Indonesia yang terdiri dari pendidikan dan pengajaran, penelitian dan pengembangan, serta pengabdian kepada masyarakat. Sebagai upaya untuk mewujudkan visi tersebut, Program studi Magister Hukum Universitas Pamulang dengan melibatkan Dosen dan para Mahasiswa telah mengadakan Pengabdian Masyarakat dalam bentuk memberikan Bimbingan teknis kepada kepala desa dan Badan Permusyawaratan Desa Kawunglarang, Kecamatan Rancah dalam penyusunan Peraturan desa yang akan dilakukan di desa Kawunglarang, Kecamatan Rancah, Kabupaten Ciamis. Kata Kunci: Bimbingan Teknis, Peraturan Desa
LÍMITES DE DETECCIÓN DE ALGUNOS MÉTODOS DE PRUEBA PARA ADULTERANTES E INHIBIDORES EN LECHE
Authors:   UNIVERSIDAD DE GUADALAJARA, Noa-Pérez Mario , Cortés-Marín Miriam , Landeros-Ramírez Patricia , Gómez-Cruz Zoila , Real-Navarro Mario , Reynoso-Orozco Ramón , Jaime Ornelas Teresa de Jesús , Juárez-Woo Carlos
Published: June 2021

The Mexican Regulations on milk classifies a product as adulterated when it has either undergone treatment that conceals its alteration and/or defects in its process or in the sanitary quality of the raw materials, among other criteria. The principal, most widely known adulterants incorporated into milk, include those added to increase milk volume and mask acidification. Milk should also test negative for the presence of inhibitors,e.g. antibiotics or disinfectants. The objective of this work was to determine the LOD for starches, sucrose, gelatin, chlorinated disinfectants; oxidants, quaternary ammonium and 14 most widely used microbial growth inhibitors in milk. This is because although the prohibition of these substances is clearly established, the detection limits (LOD) are not declared in the current regulation. With this finality, qualitative chemical analytical methodologiesfor detection of adulterants described in the Mexican Standards were implemented, as well as for the Yogurt Inhibition Test. Microbiological quality skim milk powder was used as a negative control, and the commercial culture YO-MIX ™ was used for the Yogurt Inhibition Test. The following LOD were obtained by chemical methods for starches (125and250 mg/kg), gelatin (250 mg/kg), hydrogen peroxide (6 mg/kg), sodium hypochlorite (25 mg/kg), benzalkonium chloride (12 mg/kg), N-Alkyl (C12,16) -N, N-dimethyl-N-benzylammonium (6 mg/kg). The yogurt test showed higher LOD for the disinfectants: 25,000 mg/kg for sodium hypochlorite and 60 mg/kg for the quaternary ammonium compounds. On the other hand, although oxidants were not detectable the yogurt testwas sufficiently sensitive to detect the Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) for the 14 antimicrobials tested. Carrying out both types of tests, chemical and yogurt, to determine disinfectants and inhibitors at the levels of interest in milk is recommended.
The effect of lack of citizenship on the wages of low-skilled non-permanent resident workers in Canada
Authors: Palacio Nelson Mauricio
Published: June 2021

This dissertation explores the effects of lack of citizenship on the wages of low-skilled Non-Permanent Residents (NPRs) in Canada—a category that includes temporary foreign workers, refugee claimants, and people with temporary resident visas on humanitarian grounds. The dissertation uses the 2006 census and quantitative methods (cross-tabulation and regression analysis) to evaluate wage differences between low-skilled workers without citizenship and low-skilled workers with citizenship or permanent resident status. Differences are calculated at the industry sector level and occupation level. The analysis further considers a set of intrinsic characteristics of low-skilled workers (including sex, level of education, official language ability and country of birth) and their occupations (provincial location, rural/urban setting).

Empirically, this dissertation confirms that there is a penalty attached to lack of citizenship for low-skilled workers. In absolute terms, low-skilled NPRs earn low wages. In relative terms, these NPRs earn less than both the Canadian-born and immigrants low-skilled workers employed in the same occupations. Among low-skilled NPRs themselves, the Canadian labour market exhibits a hierarchy of wages and labour experiences on the lines of workers' country of birth, province of residence, and rural/urban place of work. Among low–skilled workers born in the same country, wages improve when either citizenship or the rights attached to permanent residence are acquired.

From a policy perspective, the dissertation identifies the policy origins and drivers of low wages among low-skilled non-citizens. The thesis makes the case for the relevance of quantitative outcomes analyzed through a critical social lens. From a theoretical perspective too, the dissertation also shows how the state as a biased broker (towards capital) facilitates the implementation of non-citizenship as a means to accessing cheap labour.
Job-Education Match & Tenure Among Young Canadians: Evidence from the 1997 & 2014 Labour Force Survey
Authors: Turk Michael
Published: June 2021

In response to the growing supply of postsecondary education graduates and the persistence of overqualification in the Canadian labour market, this study investigates the relationship between the levels of job-education match and tenure among young workers, 25 to 34 years of age, relative to the remaining workforce ages 35 to 64, using a job analysis (JA) approach based on skill levels defined by the National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011 and education credentials defined by Statistics Canada. Using the 1997 and 2014 Labour Force Survey (LFS) files, a significant negative relationship is observed between length of tenure and overqualified workers, and a significant positive relationship with underqualified workers, in addition to significant differences in the effect that being over/underqualified has on tenure based on respondents’ age and survey year. Implications for individual, organizational, and societal stakeholders involved in the school-to-work transition are discussed.
Unemployed women in neo-liberal Canada: an intersectional analysis of social well-being
Authors: Nichols Leslie J.
Published: June 2021

This study explores the lived experiences of unemployed women in neo-liberal Canada, through interviews with a diverse sample of participants between the ages of 25 and 40 from the cities of Toronto and Halifax. The results were analyzed using intersectional and grounded theory. The study resulted in four main findings. First, the study builds on intersectional methodology by McCall (2005) and Hancock (2007) to indicate the significance of context-specify and fluidity of identities. The significance of intersectionality theory is that there is not one salient identity; rather the impacts of identities are context dependent. Second, the neo-liberal erosion of the state infrastructure is manifested in a paucity of supports for unemployed workers. The unemployed woman workers do not only have to face a lack of adequate support when they become unemployed but they also do not have adequate support in other aspects of their lives including child care, retraining, health care and labour market supports while employed. Thus, many women do not have access to adequate living conditions without reliance on a male partner. Third, the health of the women was negatively affected, whether precariously employed or unemployed. They have insecurity around not being able to plan their future, and living on limited money and poor health care benefits. Finally, regional economic differences may be disappearing while all EI measures are brought towards the lowest common denominator. Thus, neo-liberal labour market policies put women, and particularly women with intersectional identities, in jeopardy. This study makes four policy recommendations: (1) to create social policies that address intersectional identities to allow women a real choice in facing competing demands of wage work and dependent care; (2) to create policies to curb the impacts of precarious employment; (3) to create EI policies not bound by regions but to the needs of the labour market including the growth of precarity; and (4) in the interim, to introduce extended health benefits to improve the situation of unemployed and precariously employed workers.
Decision Making Surrounding IT Outsourcing within Ontario Hospitals
Authors: Stewart Kyle
Published: June 2021

With the increases to healthcare expenditures and with technology playing a more critical role in hospitals, IT outsourcing has become an important topic for hospital executives. There has been a lack of research in Canadian healthcare on IT outsourcing within hospitals. This research explores the several factors associated with hospital CIOs and Managers in outsourcing their IT systems. Additionally, this research looks to identify the benefits, risks and alternatives to IT outsourcing within Canada, specifically within the province of Ontario. While transaction, agency and knowledge-based theories are discussed, they are not tested. They provide more of a guide and confirmation of these decision factors. Hospital CIOs and Managers were interviewed and recorded to determine the decision factors. Lacity et al (2010) IT Outsourcing decision model was used as a starting point for the decision factors and a Canadian model was developed from an adaption of Lacity et al work. This research provides a starting point for IT outsourcing research within the Ontario hospital sector.
Design and optimization of a soybean supply chain network under uncertainty
Authors: Shekarian Sogand
Published: June 2021

Demands of foods have been increased in recent years for human and animal nutrition. Food supply chain management has been required to administer series of products and services in efficient ways for agriculture and food production to achieve customer satisfaction at the lowest cost. Agricultural systems have been changed during recent years, and have caused improvements in consumption and production patterns. However, there is not much research on supply chains of seeds (e.g., soybean) which have been produced in Canada. In this research, we propose a mixed-integer linear optimization formulation for a soybean supply chain network. The profit is maximized in the objective function. The mathematical formulation consists of multiple products, growers, potential farm company facilities, potential locations of distributers, and customers. Then, the mathematical model is extended by possibilistic approach to include uncertain parameters. In addition, the results are discussed and analyzed for the soybean supply chain network.
Hacking a reputation: crisis communication and the Ashley Madison data breach
Authors: Owczar Katherine
Published: June 2021

[Para. 1] At a time where online activists are targeting and obtaining the intellectual property of companies on a regular basis, how should a company communicate and mitigate the data breach to ensure that its valued customers feel protected, or in the best case scenario, prevent it altogether? The adoption and implementation of a sound crisis communication and management strategy is thus a fundamental operative for the success of any organization. Organizational crises can fundamentally disrupt and harm companies, organizations and individuals alike; they are characterized as “non-routine, severe event[s] that [can] destroy [its] reputation or operations” (Koerber, 2017). When a crisis arises for an organization, it is imperative that they have a strong sense of clarity regarding the issue at hand – specifically, they must understand the context and “background narrative that gives interpretative shape to [its] foreground issues” (Arnett, Deiuliis, Corr, 2017). Perhaps most emblematic of these background narratives is the circulation of competing information and perspectives, by both social media and traditional news sources. With the rise of social media and the 24/7 news cycle, a new sense of power and inflated ability to frame an issue has been afforded to many publics – particularly due to the ability of these mediums to rapidly transmit and receive information. These affordances have the potential to be either beneficial or detrimental to a company when faced with a crisis. While an organization can benefit from strategic media relations and effective crisis communication, even the most established of firms can have their voice become convoluted or be reprimanded if communication is poorly executed.
Investigating the Effect of the Asayar Smart Program on Ambulance Arrival Time at the Scene
Authors: Ranjbar Mahdi , Gaeeni Mina , Parvaresh Mohammad , Hamta Amir
Published: June 2021

Background

Communication is important in pre-hospital emergencies and the faster and more accurately it is done, the more effective the treatment process will be. With the advancement of technology, a mobile phone system equipped with the Asayar smart program replaces paper methods. By creating an online connection between doctors, technicians and treatment centres, Asayar will increase the speed of the treatment and transfer of the patient to hospital. One of the most important challenges of this program is the interruption of internet connections and the reduction of internet speed. This study was designed to investigate the effect of the Asayar smart program on ambulance arrival time at the scene and compare it with paper methods.

Methods

A descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study in the city of Isfahan in Iran, with a sample number of 700 missions performed by the paper registration method in 2017, and 230 missions registered by Asayar program method in 2018. The Propensity score matching method was used to analyse the data.

Results

The findings of the study showed that the use of the Asayar smart program in the pre-hospital emergency department of Isfahan has reduced times for ambulance arrival to the scene.

Conclusion

Using the Asayar smart program in a pre-hospital emergency can increase patient coordination and management.
Coping Mechanism and Professional Quality of Life in Northeast Texas Ems Personnel during the Covid-19 Pandemic: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Miller Anastasia , Brown Lee
Published: June 2021

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to conduct an exploratory evaluation of employee professional quality of life and factors associated with it at an emergency medical service (EMS) agency in northeast Texas in the United States. Initially, we intended to evaluate typical day-to-day factors, however we ended up capturing these factors during the unique environment of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

We conducted an exploratory cross-sectional survey at an EMS agency in northeast Texas in November 2020. Surveys were web-based and anonymous. They included the ProQOL 5, the Survey of Perceived Organizational Support, the Brief Resilience Survey, the RAND Social Support Survey Instrument, the Kessler-6, the Workplace Incivility Scale-Revised, the General Self-Efficacy Scale and the Brief Cope Scale.

Results

The survey had a response rate of 19% (38 participants). Findings suggest a positive relationship between utilising religion as a coping mechanism and higher compassion satisfaction. There was also a relationship associated between increased perceived organisational support leading to an increase in compassion satisfaction. The most significant predictors of burnout were two different coping mechanisms. Those who relied more heavily on behavioral disengagement and those who employed humour as a coping mechanism displayed average increased levels of burnout. Finally, those who experienced workplace incivility and those who relied on self-blame as a coping mechanism experienced on average higher levels of secondary traumatic stress.

Conclusion

This study adds to the limited literature examining coping mechanisms, stress and burnout in EMS personnel. It is also unique for examining how EMS personnel are coping with stress during a prolonged pandemic.
Cultura de segurança do paciente em um hospital acreditado de alta complexidade
Authors: Madalozzo Magda Macedo , Lucas João Ignacio Pires , Kanan Lilia Aparecida , Marcon Silvana Regina Ampessan , Souza Aline Santos de , Michelin Fernanda Tonietto , Hoffman Scheila Pacheco
Published: June 2021

O propósito do artigo é apresentar os resultados de pesquisa sobre segurança do paciente a partir das percepções dos funcionários de uma instituição hospitalar de alta complexidade, localizada na região sul do Brasil. Trata-se de pesquisa aplicada, transversal, exploratória e descritiva, com design survey e abordagem quantitativa. À coleta de dados foi utilizado o Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC), desenvolvido pela Agency for Healthcare Research And Quality e validado no Brasil por Reis (2013). Participaram da pesquisa 646 (67%) entre os 960 funcionários do hospital. Como principais resultados do estudo foram identificadas como dimensões fortes para a segurança dos pacientes 'aprendizado organizacional', 'apoio da gestão hospitalar para segurança do paciente', 'frequência de eventos relatados' e 'expectativas sobre o seu supervisor/chefe' e 'ações promotoras de segurança do paciente. De outro modo, as dimensões ‘passagem de plantão/turno’ e ‘respostas não punitivas aos erros’ caracterizaram-se como frágeis para a cultura de segurança no hospital. Portanto, reforçar os aspectos promotores e intervir nos aspectos fragilizantes representam ações urgentes e necessárias a serem adotadas no hospital em tela, assim como em todo o sistema hospitalar.
Cuidados paliativos em favelas no Brasil: Uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Silva Alexandre Ernesto , Coelho Flávia Borba Paulino , Pereira Frederico Mendes Silva , Castro Ismael Carrilho de , Braga Larissa Silva , Menezes Moisés Fiúsa , Mesquita Patrícia Soares , Martins Regis Michel Ribeiro , Ribeiro Stefãne Amorim , Carvalho Thayane Vieira
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Identificar como os Cuidados Paliativos (CPs) são empregados aos moradores de favelas brasileiras. Método: Revisão bibliográfica integrativa, na qual foram analisados artigos publicados entre 2019 e 2020, nas bases de dados Scielo, Lilacs, Bdenf e Medline (via PubMed). Incluíram-se artigos originais, disponíveis na íntegra e que respeitassem o limite temporal estabelecido. Resultados e discussão: 25 artigos foram selecionados; 19 tratam-se da situação dos CPs no Brasil e 6 abordam especificamente os CPs em comunidades vulneradas, sendo divididos em 2 categorias: “a compreensão do acesso à saúde de moradores de favelas” e “dificuldades de acesso aos CPs em áreas de pobreza”. Tais artigos mostram que as necessidades de pessoas elegíveis aos CPS nas favelas são desconhecidas pelos serviços públicos de saúde. Conclusão: Barreiras culturais em torno da morte e do morrer associadas a falta de investimento financeiros e educacionais contribuem para um incipiente desenvolvimento dos cuidados paliativos no Brasil. Ademais, é importante destacar a necessidade da produção de estudos específicos sobre os cuidados paliativos em favelas, para levantar informações que subsidiem ações adequadas na garantia do direito à saúde e bem estar no final de vida para essa população.
Comparação de metodologias para determinação do desempenho térmico de casas com sistema estrutural do tipo paredes de concreto
Authors: Soares Renan Gustavo Pacheco , Rodrigues Gustavo Gutierrez de Oliveira , Santana Erick Jose Moraes de , Pacheco Carla Renata Xavier , Moura Lyneker Souza de , Carneiro Arnaldo Manoel Pereira , Oliveira Romilde Almeida de
Published: June 2021

O desempenho térmico de uma edificação é um fator importante em habitações quando se preocupa em oferecer ao usuário o conforto térmico que o mesmo tem direito a ter. Uma edificação deve ser projetada para o clima em que ela está inserida para possuir um maior potencial em fornecer conforto térmico, e ainda economizar energia. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho térmico, segundo as diretrizes da norma brasileira de desempenho NBR 15575 de uma edificação unifamiliar localizada na cidade de Águas Belas-PE, Brasil. A avaliação do desempenho térmico foi realizada através de dois procedimentos presentes na NBR 15575: o procedimento simplificado e a simulação computacional. Como metodologia, foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória e um estudo de caso. A avaliação através do método simplificado foi realizada pelo cálculo da transmitância térmica e capacidade térmica da envoltória da edificação, ou seja, das paredes de fachada e da cobertura. A simulação computacional foi realizada a partir do programa EnergyPlus, que com informações climáticas e um modelo tridimensional da edificação foi capaz de ensaiar as condições climáticas sobre a edificação e determinar o comportamento térmico da mesma. Os resultados obtidos através da análise pelos dois procedimentos anteriormente citados foram comparados e analisados conforme exigências da NBR 15575, sendo notadas pequenas divergências entre eles. A simulação computacional se mostrou mais efetiva quando comparado ao procedimento simplificado.
Avaliação da satisfação quanto ao jogo educativo NeuroGame-Card como estratégia de ensino em Enfermagem
Authors: Rodrigues Lóren Maria da Cruz , Rodrigues Raphael Silva , Araújo Suely Amorim de , Mendes-Rodrigues Clesnan , Figueiredo Valéria Nasser , Silva Patrícia Costa dos Santos da
Published: June 2021

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a satisfação dos estudantes de Enfermagem quanto ao jogo NeuroGame-Card que enfoca uma estratégia de ensino dos doze pares de nervos cranianos. Trata-se de um estudo analítico-descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvido com uma amostra de 44 participantes/estudantes/jogadores. Para a coleta de dados, que ocorreu no período de outubro a dezembro de 2018, todos os estudantes realizaram uma partida do jogo e, logo em seguida, utilizou-se a escala EGameFlow para a avaliação da satisfação, juntamente com um instrumento de perfil e de afinidade por jogos, após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Todos os estudantes (100%) achavam que os jogos ajudam no aprendizado e que deveriam ser utilizados como estratégia de ensino. Quanto aos resultados, constatou-se que 86,4% dos jogadores têm afinidade por jogos e 79,5% possuem afinidade por jogos em equipe. Já em relação à escala EGameFlow, no domínio clareza dos objetivos, a média foi 6,43 e, no domínio melhoria do conhecimento, a média foi 6,50, com os demais domínios maior ou igual a 5,19. O perfil dos estudantes, sua afinidade por jogos individuais ou em grupo e sua afinidade por determinado tipo de jogo foram capazes de predizer os domínios do EGameFlow;. Com isso, devem ser utilizadas como estratégias de construção de futuros jogos. Conclui-se que o nível geral de satisfação dos estudantes com o jogo NeuroGame-Card foi positivo como estratégia educacional para o ensino do exame físico dos doze pares de nervos cranianos.
Role of mixotrophic nanoflagellates in the Eastern Mediterranean microbial food web
Authors: Livanou E , Oikonomou A , Psarra S , Lika K
Published: June 2021

In the oligotrophic, phosphorus (P)-limited Eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMS), grazing on heterotrophic bacteria (HB) by pigmented nanoflagellates (PNF) through mixotrophy is a significant source of bacterial mortality and is P-dependent. Heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF) are also important consumers of HB. However, there is still no conceptual framework describing the flows of carbon (C) and P through the EMS microbial food web that takes into account the mixotrophic behavior of PNF. In the present modelling study, we explore qualitatively the pathways of C- and P-flow through the HB-mixotrophic PNF-HNF link under varying availability of inorganic P. At low P availability, given the assumption that PNF can fulfill most of their P requirements through HB consumption when P-limited, model simulations show that PNF support bacterial production and P uptake by supplying HB with dissolved organic carbon (DOC), leading to a win-win stable scenario, with PNF holding a key role in P-transfer through the microbial food web. Conversely, increased P availability results in lower PNF grazing upon HB, amplifying the relative contribution of HNF to bacterial grazing. Based on our modelling study we propose a novel conceptual framework for bacteria-nanoflagellate interactions in the EMS, where PNF have the functional role of DOC primary producers and also share with HNF the functional role of bacterial consumers via mixotrophy. This alternative microbial loop operates in a Pdependent way. Our modelling study pinpoints the significance of the adaptive physiology of PNF for the functioning of the oligotrophic ecosystem of the EMS.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF CONTROLLED SEPIC AND LLC CONVERTERS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS
Authors: Fakhry Mohamed , Saber Mohamed , Eltantawi Mohamed E. , Kaddah Sahar S. , Badr Basem M.
Published: June 2021

Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy, a nonconventional source, has been a good replacement and best utilized electric source which is clean, non-polluting, safe, and renewable. A power converter is needed to regulate and control the harvested solar power and achieve the required output voltage for various applications. In this paper, two power converters are presented and discussed for PV systems, which are SEPIC (single-ended primary inductor converter) and LLC resonant converters. Control systems are designed and developed to tune, regulate, and control the output voltage of the SEPIC and LLC converters under various conditions with respect to the load requirements. These proposed control systems are PID (proportional integral derivatives) and FLC (fuzzy logic controller) that are investigated for the nonlinear models of the power converters. MATLAB/SIMULINK is used to model and simulate the proposed PV systems, where the performance
of the open loop and closed loop (PID/FLC) systems for the SEPIC and the LLC are analyzed with respect to solar radiation and load conditions. The system efficiency values for SEPIC and LLC for open loop model are 93.3% and 80.3%, respectively. The simulation results of the proposed PV systems show that the output voltage is controlled and stabled successfully to the required voltage for various
loads/applications while the input power from the solar panel and the load applications are varying. The FLC system yields the faster and more robustness response than PID systems.
OPTIMAL POWER FLOW AND FAULT ANALYSIS USING UPFC
Authors: Singh Anuj , Sharma Dr. Sandeep , Sharma Karan , Jain Flansha , Jena Shreyanshu Kumar
Published: June 2021

A Power System is actually a vast system that
requires an outstanding plan for maintaining the continual
flow of electricity. When a fault occurs at the power
system, number of difficulties arises because of transients
in system. so to attenuate these transients, power
electronics based devices like FACTS are utilized. A
unified power flow controller (UPFC) is one among
different power electronics controller which can dispense
VAR compensation, line impedance control and phase
shifting. The thought is to see potential of UPFC to require
care of active and reactive power movement within the
compensated line (including UPFC) and to shrink the falloff of the bus voltage in case of grounding fault within the
cable. power system block consisting of simulink is used
for numerical analysis. Simulation outcomes from
MATLAB reflects major improvement in the overall
system’s behaviour with UPFC in sustain the voltage and
power flow even under severe line faults by proper
injection of series voltage into the cable at the point of
connection. outcomes shows how the UPFC contributes
effectively to a faster regaining of the power system to the pre-fault conditions.
Virtuella laborationer eller fysiska?
Authors: Höst Gunnar
Published: June 2021

Virtuella laborationer gör det möjligt för elever att labba utan att vara i en laborationssal. Men hur står sig digitala laborationer mot fysiska laborationer? Allt mer forskning undersöker detta, och resultaten visar att det är viktigt för lärare att ha tänkt igenom målet med laborationen för att kunna bedöma om en virtuell eller en fysisk laboration är lämplig.
Tre terminer av pandemi – professionellt lärande i det ”nya vanliga”
Authors: Stolpe Karin , Höst Gunnar
Published: June 2021

Under tre terminer har hela utbildningsväsendet i Sverige varit hårt prövat av pandemin covid-19. Vi är fortfarande långt ifrån att kunna summera dess långsiktiga effekter. Utöver belastningen så har situationen också fört med sig nya sätt att arbeta, tänka och vara. Redaktionen för ATENA Didaktik vill med detta temanummer uppmärksamma och stödja det professionella lärande som under den senaste tiden har aktualiserats. I den här texten presenteras också hur skolan och forskning om undervisning har påverkats.
The Durability of Quantitative Host Resistance and Variability in Pathogen Virulence in the Interaction Between European Grapevine Cultivars and Plasmopara viticola
Authors: Heyman Lisa , Höfle Rebecca , Kicherer Anna , Trapp Oliver , Ait Barka Essaid , Töpfer Reinhard , Höfte Monica
Published: June 2021

European grapevine, Vitis vinifera, carries no major resistances against Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of grapevine downy mildew. The introgression of quantitative trait loci conferring resistance to P. viticola (Rpv) from American and Asian donor species has resulted in a range of resistant cultivars. In light of the perennial nature of grapevine and the high evolutionary potential of P. viticola, the durability of this quantitative resistance is an important challenge. Durability of host resistance and variability in pathogen virulence may be evaluated by describing interactions between pathogen isolates and grapevine cultivars in terms of Rpv loci. A set of 16 cultivars carrying different combinations of Rpv loci, was challenged with five P. viticola isolates, obtained from susceptible or Rpv3.1+V. vinifera cultivars. Based on the severity of sporulation, different host and pathogen phenotypes might be distinguished, which could be related to the presence of different Rpv loci. The hormonal responses before and during some interactions were compared to assess the resistance mechanisms underlying Rpv3.1, Rpv10, and Rpv12 and the infection mechanisms of the different isolates. This paper reports on the strength of some of the commonly used Rpv loci, single or stacked. The isolates derived from Rpv3.1+ hosts, GREPv1 and GPHPv1, were able to sporulate intensely on cultivars carrying Rpv3.1, without triggering necrosis. Moreover, Rpv10 was not able to efficiently halt the development of the Rpv3.1-breaking isolate GPHPv1. Cultivars carrying Rpv12, however, were resistant to all five P. viticola isolates. Phytohormones might be implicated in the basal resistance against this pathogen, but during the early defense response, no significant hormonal responses to the isolates were observed. The isolate-specificity of the Rpv3- and Rpv10-mediated resistance suggests that these loci do not result in the most sustainable resistance. Furthermore, the isolate-specific behavior of the pathogen emphasizes the need for a characterization system for P. viticola. A standardized phenotyping assay may be used to determine P. viticola pathogen phenotypes or measure the durability, strength, and isolate-specificity of the host quantitative resistances. The characterization of both components of the pathosystem may lead to an increased understanding of the resistance mechanisms, beneficial for a durable deployment of resistance genes.
Early Deformation of Deep Brain Stimulation Electrodes Following Surgical Implantation: Intracranial, Brain, and Electrode Mechanics
Authors: Chapelle Frédéric , Manciet Lucie , Pereira Bruno , Sontheimer Anna , Coste Jérôme , El Ouadih Youssef , Cimpeanu Ruxandra , Gouot Dimitri , Lapusta Yuri , Claise Béatrice , Sautou Valérie , Bouattour Yassine , Marques Ana , Wohrer Adrien , Lemaire Jean-Jacques
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Although deep brain stimulation is nowadays performed worldwide, the biomechanical aspects of electrode implantation received little attention, mainly as physicians focused on the medical aspects, such as the optimal indication of the surgical procedure, the positive and adverse effects, and the long-term follow-up. We aimed to describe electrode deformations and brain shift immediately after implantation, as it may highlight our comprehension of intracranial and intracerebral mechanics.

Materials and Methods

Sixty electrodes of 30 patients suffering from severe symptoms of Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor were studied. They consisted of 30 non-directional electrodes and 30 directional electrodes, implanted 42 times in the subthalamus and 18 times in the ventrolateral thalamus. We computed the x (transversal), y (anteroposterior), z (depth), torsion, and curvature deformations, along the electrodes from the entrance point in the braincase. The electrodes were modelized from the immediate postoperative CT scan using automatic voxel thresholding segmentation, manual subtraction of artifacts, and automatic skeletonization. The deformation parameters were computed from the curve of electrodes using a third-order polynomial regression. We studied these deformations according to the type of electrodes, the clinical parameters, the surgical-related accuracy, the brain shift, the hemisphere and three tissue layers, the gyration layer, the white matter stem layer, and the deep brain layer (type I error set at 5%).

Results

We found that the implanted first hemisphere coupled to the brain shift and the stiffness of the type of electrode impacted on the electrode deformations. The deformations were also different according to the tissue layers, to the electrode type, and to the first-hemisphere-brain-shift effect.

Conclusion

Our findings provide information on the intracranial and brain biomechanics and should help further developments on intracerebral electrode design and surgical issues.
Evolution of Pneumatic Tsunami Simulators–From Concept to Proven Experimental Technique
Authors: Chandler Ian , Allsop William , Robinson David , Rossetto Tiziana
Published: June 2021

This paper describes the evolution through three generations of pneumatic Tsunami Simulators for physical model tests of realistic tsunami. The pneumatic method, originally developed for tidal modeling in the Fifties, has been modernized to generate extraordinarily long waves in a controlled manner, with accurate reproduction of recorded free-surface tsunami field data. The paper describes how the simulator designs were developed and how they performed in the laboratory. Example results are presented from selected research studies that have validated their performance and then used to quantify tsunami effects. Having described each of the first, second, and third generation Tsunami Simulators, the paper discusses how to calibrate the wave generation control to model tsunami with model periods 20–240 s duration (equivalent to 2–20 min duration in prototype at 1:50 scale), many of which are far too long to “fit into the test flume.” The evolution of a composite approach to wave calibration is described with examples from second and third generation devices, demonstrated by successful simulation of both the 2004 Boxing Day, and the 2011 Great Eastern Japan (Tohoku) Tsunami at 1:50 scale.
Genotype Profile of Global EYS-Associated Inherited Retinal Dystrophy and Clinical Findings in a Large Chinese Cohort
Authors: Xu Ke , Chen De-Fu , Chang Haoyu , Shen Ren-Juan , Gao Hua , Wang Xiao-Fang , Feng Zhuo-Kun , Zhang Xiaohui , Xie Yue , Li Yang , Jin Zi-Bing
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The aim of this study was to probe the global profile of the EYS-associated genotype-phenotype trait in the worldwide reported IRD cases and to build a model for predicting disease progression as a reference for clinical consultation.

Methods

This retrospective study of 420 well-documented IRD cases with mutations in the EYS gene included 39 patients from a genotype-phenotype study of inherited retinal dystrophy (IRD) conducted at the Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology and 381 cases retrieved from global reports. All patients underwent ophthalmic evaluation. Mutations were revealed using next-generation sequencing, followed by Sanger DNA sequencing and real-time quantitative PCR analysis. Multiple regression models and statistical analysis were used to assess the genotype and phenotype characteristics and traits in this large cohort.

Results

A total of 420 well-defined patients with 841 identified mutations in the EYS gene were successfully obtained. The most common pathogenic variant was a frameshift c.4957dupA (p.S1653Kfs∗2) in exon 26, with an allele frequency of 12.7% (107/841), followed by c.8805C > A (p.Y2935X) in exon 43, with an allele frequency of 5.9% (50/841). Two new hot spots were identified in the Chinese cohort, c.1750G > T (p.E584X) and c.7492G > C (p.A2498P). Several EYS mutation types were identified, with CNV being relatively common. The mean age of onset was 20.54 ± 11.33 (4–46) years. Clinical examinations revealed a typical progression of RPE atrophy from the peripheral area to the macula.

Conclusion

This large global cohort of 420 IRD cases, with 262 distinct variants, identified genotype-phenotype correlations and mutation spectra with hotspots in the EYS gene.
Formation of Self-Assembled Mesophases During Lipid Digestion
Authors: Pham Anna C. , Clulow Andrew J. , Boyd Ben J.
Published: June 2021

Lipids play an important role in regulating bodily functions and providing a source of energy. Lipids enter the body primarily in the form of triglycerides in our diet. The gastrointestinal digestion of certain types of lipids has been shown to promote the self-assembly of lipid digestion products into highly ordered colloidal structures. The formation of these ordered colloidal structures, which often possess well-recognized liquid crystalline morphologies (or “mesophases”), is currently understood to impact the way nutrients are transported in the gut and absorbed. The formation of these liquid crystalline structures has also been of interest within the field of drug delivery, as it enables the encapsulation or solubilization of poorly water-soluble drugs in the aqueous environment of the gut enabling a means of absorption. This review summarizes the evidence for structure formation during the digestion of different lipid systems associated with foods, the techniques used to characterize them and provides areas of focus for advancing our understanding of this emerging field.
Methods for in vitro CRISPR/CasRx-Mediated RNA Editing
Authors: Chuang Yu-Fan , Wang Peng-Yuan , Kumar Satheesh , Lama Suraj , Lin Fan-Li , Liu Guei-Sheung
Published: June 2021

Specific changes in the genome have been accomplished by the revolutionary gene-editing tool known as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) system. The advent of programmable RNA editing CRISPR/Cas nucleases has made this gene-editing tool safer and more precise. Specifically, CasRx, a family member of the Cas13d family, has shown great therapeutic potential. Here, we describe the in vitro methods of utilizing this powerful RNA editing platform and determine the RNA editing efficiencies for CasRx with different forms of guide RNAs (also known as gRNA or sgRNA).