bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract PR02: Metastasis suppressors regulate the tumor microenvironment by blocking recruitment of pro-metastatic tumor-associated macrophages
Authors: Rabe Daniel C. , Frankenberger Casey , Bainer Russell , Sankarasharma Devipriya , Chada Kiran , Krausz Thomas , Gilad Yoav , Becker Lev , Rosner Marsha Rich
Published: May 2019

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients have the highest risk of recurrence and metastasis. Because they cannot be treated with targeted therapies, and many do not respond to chemotherapy, they represent a clinically underserved group. While physiological inhibitors of metastasis (metastasis suppressors) play key roles in regulating tumor growth, invasion and metastasis, their role in regulating the tumor microenvironment and immune system is unknown. We hypothesized that the metastasis suppressor Raf Kinase Inhibitory Protein (RKIP) regulates stromal cells, which then affect tumor invasiveness.

Using species-specific RNAseq we determined that expression of RKIP in tumors markedly reduces the number and metastatic potential of infiltrating TAMs. While TAMs isolated from TNBC xenografts drive in vitro invasion, RKIP+ derived TAMs did not drive invasion and had decreased secretion of pro-metastatic factors including SLPI, OPN, MMP-12, Galectin-3, VEGF-A, VEGF-D, TNFR2, and PGRN. We determined that RKIP regulates TAM recruitment by blocking HMGA2, which activates CCL5 expression. CCL5 rescued pro-metastatic TAM infiltration as well as tumor intravasation. We additionally showed that factors decreased in RKIP-derived TAMs were restored in CCL5-derived TAMs. CCL5 derived TAMs were also able to promote metastasis when co-injected with MDA-MB-231 tumors. These tumor cells demonstrated permanent increases in both growth and invasive potential after co-injection with highly pro-metastatic CCL5 derived TAMs.

To determine the clinical utility of these TAM genes we combined their expression with RKIP signaling in the tumor to create a signature that strikingly separates TNBC patients based on outcome. Our results demonstrate for the first time that metastasis suppressors can regulate the microenvironment, regulating invasion through TAMs. Our results also suggest aggressive triple negative breast cancers could be controlled by attacking CCL5 derived TAMs crucial for promoting metastasis.

Citation Format: Daniel C. Rabe, Casey Frankenberger, Russell Bainer, Devipriya Sankarasharma, Kiran Chada, Thomas Krausz, Yoav Gilad, Lev Becker, Marsha Rich Rosner. Metastasis suppressors regulate the tumor microenvironment by blocking recruitment of pro-metastatic tumor-associated macrophages. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Metastasis; 2015 Nov 30-Dec 3; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(7 Suppl):Abstract nr PR02.
Law and Norms in the Market Response to Discrimination in the Sharing Economy
Authors: Schoenbaum Naomi
Published: May 2019

Sharing-economy firms have opposed the application of antidiscrimination law to their transactions. At the same time, these firms have heralded their ability to achieve antidiscrimination aims without the force of law, and have adopted various measures to address discrimination. This Article documents and assesses these measures, focusing on the relationship between law and norms. Relying on the sharing economy as a case study, this Article shows how law can play a crucial role in spurring antidiscrimination efforts by firms that it does not regulate, but also how antidiscrimination law might nonetheless be undermined by these voluntary efforts.
Universality and language-dependency of tense and aspect: Performatives from a crosslinguistic perspective
Authors: Fortuin Egbert
Published: May 2019

This paper presents a cross-linguistic typology of performatives, especially with respect to their relationship with tense and aspect, in the languages of the world. I explore the relationship between performatives and particular tenses and aspects, and touch on the mechanisms underlying such a relationship. The paper finds that there is not one relation between performatives and a particular tense and aspect and there are no languages which have a special (dedicated) performative tense or aspect marker. Instead, performatives are compatible with various tense and aspect markers, even though the use of a present tense seems to be the most common. What counts as the most optimal tense and aspect for performatives depends on the division of labor within the linguistic structure.
Elevation as a category of grammar: Sanzhi Dargwa and beyond
Authors: Forker Diana
Published: May 2019

Nakh-Daghestanian languages have encountered growing interest from typologists and linguists from other subdiscplines, and more and more languages from the Nakh-Daghestanian language family are being studied. This paper provides a grammatical overview of the hitherto undescribed Sanzhi Dargwa language, followed by a detailed analysis of the grammaticalized expression of spatial elevation in Sanzhi. Spatial elevation, a topic that has not received substantial attention in Caucasian linguistics, manifests itself across different parts of speech in Sanzhi Dargwa and related languages. In Sanzhi, elevation is a deictic category in partial opposition with participant-oriented deixis/horizontally-oriented directional deixis. This paper treats the spatial uses of demonstratives, spatial preverbs and spatial cases that express elevation as well as the semantic extension of this spatial category into other, non-spatial domains. It further compares the Sanzhi data to other Caucasian and non-Caucasian languages and makes suggestions for investigating elevation as a subcategory within a broader category of topographical deixis.
Reported speech forms a dedicated syntactic domain
Authors: Spronck Stef , Nikitina Tatiana
Published: May 2019

In many languages, expressions of the type ‘x said: “p”’, ‘x said thatp’ or ‘allegedly,p’ share properties with common syntactic types such as constructions with subordination, paratactic constructions, and constructions with sentence-level adverbs. On closer examination, however, they often turn out to be atypical members of these syntactic classes. In this paper we argue that a more coherent picture emerges if we analyse these expressions as a dedicated syntactic domain in itself, which we refer to as ‘reported speech’. Based on typological observations we argue for the idiosyncrasy of reported speech as a syntactic class. The article concludes with a proposal for a cross-linguistic characterisation that aims at capturing this broadly conceived domain of reported speech with a single semantic definition.
Gamma-ray shielding parameters of Li2B4O7 glasses: undoped and doped with magnetite, siderite and Zinc-Borate minerals cases
Authors: Yıldız Yorgun Nergiz
Published: May 2019

Designing new shielding materials and calculating their shielding parameters are important task to keep living in safe from hazardous effects of radiation. In this study, the lithium borate glasses with chemical formula (Li2B4O7)(100−x)Yx (x = 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 wt % and Y = magnetite, siderite and zinc-borate) were fabricated via melt quenching technique. X-ray diffraction method was employed to confirm amorphous structure of fabricated glass samples. The glass sample’s shielding parameters such as mass attenuation coefficient, effective atomic number, and half value layer were measured experimentally by the narrow beam transmission method for 81, 276, 302, 356, and 383 keV of incident photon energies. Also, WinXCom software was used to calculate theoretical shielding parameters from 1 keV to 105 MeV photon energy. Moreover, Geometric Progression (G–P) method was used to calculate exposure buildup factor (EBF) values for incident photon energy 0.015 MeV–15 MeV up to penetration depths of 40 mfp (mean free path). Among the obtained results, while Li2B4O7 glass with magnetite 40 % has the highest mass attenuation and effective atomic number, it has the lowest half value layer and exposure buildup factor. The results show that the fabricated glass systems could be considered as a good candidate for radiation safety.
Reproducibility of biomarker identifications from mass spectrometry proteomic data in cancer studies
Authors: Liang Yulan , Kelemen Adam , Kelemen Arpad
Published: May 2019

Reproducibility of disease signatures and clinical biomarkers in multi-omics disease analysis has been a key challenge due to a multitude of factors. The heterogeneity of the limited sample, various biological factors such as environmental confounders, and the inherent experimental and technical noises, compounded with the inadequacy of statistical tools, can lead to the misinterpretation of results, and subsequently very different biology. In this paper, we investigate the biomarker reproducibility issues, potentially caused by differences of statistical methods with varied distribution assumptions or marker selection criteria using Mass Spectrometry proteomic ovarian tumor data. We examine the relationship between effect sizes, p values, Cauchy p values, False Discovery Rate p values, and the rank fractions of identified proteins out of thousands in the limited heterogeneous sample. We compared the markers identified from statistical single features selection approaches with machine learning wrapper methods. The results reveal marked differences when selecting the protein markers from varied methods with potential selection biases and false discoveries, which may be due to the small effects, different distribution assumptions, and p value type criteria versus prediction accuracies. The alternative solutions and other related issues are discussed in supporting the reproducibility of findings for clinical actionable outcomes.
Update of the History of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock (1996–2005)
Authors: Edelen William F.
Published: May 2019

This update on the activities of the committee meetings of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock covers the years 1996–2005. The purpose of this update is to highlight the activities of the biannual meetings, winter and summer, of Committee D18, to list members’ awards, and to indicate those members who have deceased during this period. This article was reviewed by Amy Germaine (Fugro) and Jan Wildman (retired).
Ultrasound: The Potential Power for Cardiovascular Disease Therapy
Authors: Zheng Xiaoyu , Liao Qingyao , Wang Yue , Li Hua , Wang Xiaodong , Wang Yaohui , Wu Wentao , Wang Junlin , Xiao Ling , Huang Jing
Published: May 2019

Ultrasound can be considered a mechanical wave for both clinical diagnostic and therapeutic purposes on the basis of its good penetrability and directivity while spreading in solid organs or tissues without any ionizing radiation. As a powerful form of energy, ultrasound, is used for deep-tissue therapy with different sonication parameters. The feasibility of minimally invasive or noninvasive acoustic treatment of a variety of diseases, such as hypertension, arrhythmia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and myocardial infraction, is being explored in animal experiments and clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the biomedical effects of acoustic intervention in experimental and clinical studies, current challenges, and the potential of ultrasound for cardiovascular disease therapy.
Lethal Interaction of Nuclear and Mitochondrial Genotypes inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Salminen Tiina S , Cannino Giuseppe , Oliveira Marcos T , Lillsunde Päivi , Jacobs Howard T , Kaguni Laurie S
Published: May 2019

Drosophila melanogaster, like most animal species, displays considerable genetic variation in both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Here we tested whether any of four natural mtDNA variants was able to modify the effect of the phenotypically mild, nuclear tko25t mutation, affecting mitochondrial protein synthesis. When combined with tko25t, the mtDNA from wild strain KSA2 produced pupal lethality, accompanied by the presence of melanotic nodules in L3 larvae. KSA2 mtDNA, which carries a substitution at a conserved residue of cytochrome b that is predicted to be involved in subunit interactions within respiratory complex III, conferred drastically decreased respiratory capacity and complex III activity in the tko25t but not a wild-type nuclear background. The complex III inhibitor antimycin A was able to phenocopy effects of the tko25t mutation in the KSA2 mtDNA background. This is the first report of a lethal, nuclear-mitochondrial interaction within a metazoan species, representing a paradigm for understanding genetic interactions between nuclear and mitochondrial genotype relevant to human health and disease.
Organic and Inorganic Spin-On Polymers for Low-Dielectric-Constant Applications
Authors: Hacker Nigel P.
Published: May 2019

Low-dielectric-constant materials (k < 3.0) have the advantage of facilitating manufacture of higher performance integrated-circuit (IC) devices with minimal increases in chip size. The reduced capacitance given by these materials permits shrinkage of spacing between metal lines to below 0.25 μm and the ability to decrease the number of levels of metal in a device. The technologies being considered for low-k applications are chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or spin-on of polymeric materials. For both types of processes, there are methods and materials capable of giving k < 3.0 dielectric stacks. This article will focus on the spin-on approach and discuss the properties of both organic and inorganic spin-on polymers.

While CVD SiO2 has been the mainstay of the industry, spin-on materials are appropriate for many dielectric applications. Polyimides have applications as electrical insulators, and traditional spin-on silicates or siloxanes (k > 3.0) have served as planarizing dielectrics during the last 15 years. The newer spin-on polymers have greatly enhanced mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties, exhibiting lower dielectric constants than the traditional materials.
Materials Issues and Characterization of Low-k Dielectric Materials
Authors: Ryan E. Todd , McKerrow Andrew J. , Leu Jihperng , Ho Paul S.
Published: May 2019

Continuing improvement in device density and performance has significantly affected the dimensions and complexity of the wiring structure for on-chip interconnects. These enhancements have led to a reduction in the wiring pitch and an increase in the number of wiring levels to fulfill demands for density and performance improvements. As device dimensions shrink to less than 0.25 μm, the propagation delay, crosstalk noise, and power dissipation due to resistance-capacitance (RC) coupling become significant. Accordingly the interconnect delay now constitutes a major fraction of the total delay limiting the overall chip performance. Equally important is the processing complexity due to an increase in the number of wiring levels. This inevitably drives cost up by lowering the manufacturing yield due to an increase in defects and processing complexity.

To address these problems, new materials for use as metal lines and interlayer dielectrics (ILDs) and alternative architectures have surfaced to replace the current Al(Cu)/SiO2 interconnect technology. These alternative architectures will require the introduction of low-dielectric-constant k materials as the interlayer dielectrics and/or low-resistivity conductors such as copper. The electrical and thermomechanical properties of SiO2 are ideal for ILD applications, and a change to material with different properties has important process-integration implications. To facilitate the choice of an alternative ILD, it is necessary to establish general criterion for evaluating thin-film properties of candidate low-k materials, which can be later correlated with process-integration problems.
Désiré-Magloire Bourneville and his contributions to pediatric neurology
Authors: Gómez-López Mariana Teresa , Palacios-Sánchez Leonardo , Meerbeke Alberto Vélez van , Botero-Meneses Juan Sebastián
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT Désiré-Magloire Bourneville ought to be thought of as the father of Pediatric Neurology for his significant contributions to the field. He worked as a physician, politician, writer, and editor. He was the first to describe the autosomal dominant genetic condition known as “tuberous sclerosis complex”, after conducting an autopsy on a young female patient, where the main finding in the central nervous system was multiple dense tubers. The patient had refractory epilepsy and intellectual disability. His work was based on the study of epilepsy and idiocy, and he was also an advocate of public health and social medicine education; creating day hospital programs for children with this type of neurologic disease.
Gamma knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: first case series from Latin America
Authors: Constanzo Felipe , Silva Rodrigo Souza da , de Almeida Daniel Benzecry , Ferragut Maria Alice , Coelho Neto Mauricio , Toledo Hugo Veroneze , Ramina Ricardo
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT Gamma Knife® radiosurgery (GKRS) for trigeminal neuralgia is an effective treatment with at least a 50% reduction of pain in 75-95% of patients. Objective: To present the first series of patients treated for trigeminal neuralgia using GKRS in Latin America. Methods: Retrospective analysis. Analysis consisted of time to improvement of symptoms, best Barrow Neurological Institute scale (BNI) score after procedure, time without pain, time to recurrence and post-procedural hypoesthesia. Results: Nineteen cases of classical trigeminal neuralgia were analyzed and three cases of symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia were described. Mean time from symptom onset to radiosurgery was 99.6 months, and 78.9% of patients had undergone invasive procedures before treatment. Patients were followed for a mean of 21.7 months. BNI I was achieved in 36.8%, IIIa in 21.1%, IIIb in 21.1%, IV in 5.3% and V in 15.7%. New hypoesthesia developed in 12.1% patients, which was associated with achieving BNI I after the procedure (p < 0.05). Time from diagnosis to GKRS was higher in patients who failed to achieve BNI I (143 vs. 76 months). The distance from the root entry zone in patients who achieved BNI I was greater than patients who did not (1.94 vs. 1.14 mm). Mean distance from the root entry zone in patients with new hypoesthesia was 2.85 mm vs. 1.06 mm (p = 0.06). Conclusion: Clinical response to GKRS is related to the time between diagnosis and procedure, thus its indication should be considered early in the management of these patients.
Validation of multiplex PCR for the diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis in culture negative cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: de Almeida Sérgio Monteiro , Dalla Costa Libera Maria , Siebra Christian , Arend Lavinia Nery Villa Stangler , Nogueira Keite da Silva
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the operational characteristics of the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with cellular and biochemical characteristics of acute bacterial meningitis and positive or negative CSF cultures. Methods: Multiplex PCR was performed for 36 CSF samples: culture-proven acute bacterial meningitis (n = 7), culture-negative acute bacterial meningitis (n = 17), lymphocytic meningitis (n = 8), and normal CSF (n = 4). The operational characteristics of multiplex PCR were evaluated with definite and probable bacterial meningitis, using culture positive, cytological and biochemical CSF characteristics as the gold standard. Results: Multiplex PCR for CSF was efficient in the group with CSF cellular and biochemical characteristics of acute bacterial meningitis but with a negative CSF culture. This group demonstrated high specificity, positive predictive value, and efficiency. Conclusions: Multiplex PCR for CSF can improve the speed and accuracy of acute bacterial meningitis diagnosis in a clinical setting as a complement to classical immunological and bacteriological assays in CSF. It is also useful for CSF culture-negative acute bacterial meningitis.
Comparison of conventional, amplitude-integrated and geodesic sensor net EEG used in premature neonates: a systematic review
Authors: Sousa Tainã Maria Alves de , Gugelmin Vinicius Siessere , Fernandes Geraldo Magela , Aucélio Carlos Nogueira , Costa Karina Nascimento , Tristão Rosana Maria
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT The use of methods to evaluate cortical activity in neonates has great importance in modern medicine, as it allows the observation and evaluation of several clinical aspects, which guarantees that the health team has knowledge about possible intervention measures that may be necessary in the treatment of newborns. Objective: This systematic review aimed to compare the main technologies available for the evaluation of brain functions in neonates, among them: the conventional electroencephalogram (EEG), the amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) and the geodesic sensor net EEG. Methods: A search was conducted forarticles from national and international periodicals included in the Web of Science, LILACS, SciELO and Medline electronic databases. Results: The search found 39 among 155 articles of interest and the analyses indicated that, in the clinical environment, the use of both conventional EEG and aEEG is highly recommended, as the combination of their functions allows, for example, a greater number of subclinical seizures to be detected. Conversely, the use of a geodesic sensor net EEG could be of great value, as it allows a large amount of data to be analyzed. Conclusion: This analysis may be useful in studies and research related to diseases and symptoms, such as seizures, a current challenge for neonatal neuromonitoring, as well as aspects of neurological development and functional studies. However, despite many advances in technology, electroencephalography in preterm neonates remains a challenge worldwide and still requires more robust research and efforts towards the best clinical assistance in this extremely early stage of life.
Executive functions in children with dyslexia
Authors: Barbosa Thais , Rodrigues Camila Cruz , Mello Claudia Berlim de , Silva Mariana Cristina de Souza e , Bueno Orlando Francisco Amodeo
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT This study aimed to verify whether children with dyslexia have difficulties in executive functions (shifting, working memory, inhibition). Methods: A sample of 47 children (ages 8-13 years) participated in the study: 24 who were dyslexic and 23 controls with typical development. A battery of neuropsychological tests was used. Results: Results revealed executive function difficulties among the dyslexic children when compared with controls, encompassing selective attention modulation processes, shifting, and inhibitory control. These difficulties appeared to be affected by phonological working memory deficits, typically associated with dyslexia. Conclusion: Our findings support the consensus among scholars regarding the central involvement of phonological skill dysfunctions in dyslexia.
Disability as a determinant of fatigue in MS patients
Authors: Taveira Fernanda M. , Braz Nayara F. T. , Comini-Frota Elizabeth R. , Teixeira Antônio L. , Domingues Renan B.
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT Fatigue is one of the most frequent and disabling symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS). Central, psychological, and peripheral factors may contribute to the occurrence of fatigue. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate potential fatigue determinants in patients with relapsing-remitting MS with a low functional impairment. Methods: We compared inflammatory markers, respiratory pressures, disability, and quality of life in 39 relapsing-remitting MS patients with and without fatigue. Results: Patients with relapsing-remitting MS with fatigue had higher Expanded Disability Status Scale scores (p = 0.002). We observed a significant association between the results of the Guy Neurological Disability Scale, the Functional Assessment of MS Quality of Life Rating Scale and the presence of fatigue (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The degree of functional impairment is a determinant for the presence of fatigue in MS patients, but respiratory function and inflammatory markers are not.
Parenting a child with autism
Authors: Aguiar Márcia Cristina Maciel de , Pondé Milena Pereira
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: This study analyzes subjective aspects associated with parents’ perception of the changes that have affected their lives since the birth of their child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods: A qualitative study, using a narrative approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 7 fathers and 16 mothers of children with ASD enrolled in a special needs school in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The interviews were transcribed, analytical categories were defined, and data interpreted. Results: Five categories were identified: “Emotional and Health-Related Effects”, “Effects on Daily/Professional and Academic Life”, “Effects on Marital and/or Affective/Sexual Life”, “Effects on Social Life”, “Adaptation Strategies”. The analysis showed that, despite the impacts suffered, social support, professional help can facilitate parents’ adjustment to life changes following the birth of a child with ASD. Conclusion: The physical and emotional demands of living with and parenting a child with ASD are enormous, include changes in social roles and in couples’ social and affective/sexual lives, highlighting the need for parents to receive support from healthcare professionals, particularly mental health professionals. Care strategies need to be implemented for parents, in addition to the healthcare provided to their children, in order to improve the comprehensive care given to the child with ASD.
What happens after an oral ingestion of haloperidol decanoate? – A case report
Authors: Perestrelo João , Coutinho Ana , Lapa Georgina
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT Haloperidol decanoate is a first generation antipsychotic drug used to treat patients with schizophrenic disorder who require prolonged parenteral antipsychotic therapy. Cases of oral haloperidol decanoate are rare, and only one has been reported in foreign literature. In this report, we present a case of an oral ingestion of haloperidol decanoate of a male with schizophrenic disorder who presented to the emergency department following an oral ingestion of 1 ampoule of haloperidol decanoate 100 mg. At presentation he was hemodynamically stable. He was maintained on vigilance for 12 hours after what was discharged to the outpatient unit for psychiatric follow-up. The bioavailability and pharmacokinetic of oral intake of haloperidol decanoate are unknown. Although there is a report of treatment with oral activated charcoal in this case there was no need of intervention.
MOTIVAÇÃO E REALISMO NA FILOSOFIA MORAL DE HUME
Authors: Klaudat André
Published: May 2019

RESUMO Neste texto argumento que a filosofia moral de Hume tem uma base realista num sentido específico. Os sentimentos "peculiares" da moralidade, as formas morais de dor e prazer na contemplação das ações, sentimentos e caracteres dos outros, estão assentados sobre uma base pertencente à nossa sensibilidade que envolve o fato bruto da realidade da dor e do prazer. Argumento que a ênfase de Hume na "praticalidade" da moral não está a serviço prioritariamente de um projeto filosófico de explicação do fenômeno moral, mas remete ao fundamento realista da moralidade em sentimentos humanos: "coisas" sentidas por seres humanos a respeito de outros seres humanos. Embora com implicações para a discussão tradicional sobre a ontologia moral de Hume, minha análise procura mostrar que o fundamento encontrado responde, de acordo com a orientação empirista em filosofia, a uma pergunta anterior sobre o que é real quando estão em jogo os interesses práticos de nossas vidas, por oposição aos teóricos.
A COSMOLOGIA E COSMOGRAFIA DE ANAXIMANDRO NO IN DE CAELO DE TOMÁS DE AQUINO
Authors: Santos Evaniel Brás dos
Published: May 2019

RESUMO Anaximandro possui destaque na história da filosofia, conforme o In De caelo de Tomás de Aquino, porque, à luz da racionalidade, ele descobriu os pontos limites do cosmo, na perspectiva do observador, a saber: as estrelas e a Terra, os dois itens mediante os quais o milésio inaugura a cosmologia filosófica e a cosmografia. Este estudo mostra que, baseado não somente no texto de Aristóteles, mas também noutras fontes doxográficas, nomeadamente no In De caelo de Simplício, Tomás reúne em seu texto teorias cosmológicas atribuídas a Anaximandro, como o geocentrismo, a finitude do cosmo, a infinitude e divindade do regente do todo e, refletindo sobre elas, o autor manifesta a grandiosidade do gênio daquele que é considerado como o sucessor de Tales de Mileto.
JUSTIÇA E FORÇA EM TRASÍMACO
Authors: Menezes Luiz Maurício Bentim da Rocha
Published: May 2019

RESUMO Em nosso artigo, pretendemos verificar as teses de Trasímaco sobre a justiça e se estas são consistentes entre si. Para isso, há de se observar a relação da justiça com o governo e a força (krátos) que a determina. O intuito é reavivar as discussões hodiernas sobre as teses de Trasímaco dentro da filosofia platônica, assim como demonstrar sua importância para o âmbito da filosofia política.
THÉÂTRE, PHILOSOPHIE ET RÉSISTANCE : LA PREMIERE PIECE DE SARTRE
Authors: Hilgert Luiza Helena
Published: May 2019

RESUME Jean-Paul Sartre débute comme dramaturge durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale alors qu'il est prisonnier de guerre en Allemagne, dans un camp de 25.000 détenus. Durant sa captivité, le philosophe écrit une pièce de théâtre réunissant des victimes et leurs bourreaux, des juifs, des prisonniers et des allemands. Bariona est la toute première pièce de Sartre et elle restera une référence pour le théâtre de situations que l'auteur ne cessera de réaliser pendant toute sa vie. Traditionnellement la pensée sartrienne est analysée, dans un premier temps, sous le prisme de la philosophie abstraite et individualiste dont L'être et le néant est l'expression fondamentale, puis, dans un second temps, après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, à travers le marxisme dont la Critique de la raison dialectique serait le principal ouvrage. L'objectif essentiel de cet article est de mettre à l'épreuve cette idée en analysant les concepts de l'homme seul et de la collectivité dans la première pièce dramaturgique de Sartre. On verra que l'interprétation que divise la pensée de Sartre en deux n'est pas si juste.
Fibrous feedstuffs for the nitrogen retention of growing pigs
Authors: Rocha Leonardo Tombesi da , Kunzler Josué Sebastiany , Ceron Marcos Speroni , Rossi Carlos Augusto Rigon , Quadros Arlei Rodrigues Bonet de , Oliveira Vladimir de
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to measure the nitrogen (N) balance of pigs fed with lysine-limiting diets containing practical levels of wheat bran (WB) or soybean hulls (SH). Twelve pigs with average weights of 57.36±2.01 and 72.68±3.24 kg were used in trials 1 and 2, respectively. In trial 1, treatments were CT1 - control diet and WB - diet with inclusion of 15% WB. In trial 2, CT2 - control diet and SH - diet with inclusion of 6% SH. Fibrous diets increased (P<0.05) the fecal N in 63.54 and 60.55% in relation to CT1 and CT2, respectively. The urinary N was higher (P<0.05) in pigs receiving the WB diet, but was not influenced in the trial with SH. The N retention (NRET) was higher (P>0.05) in pigs ingesting the WB diet; although, when the proportion of NRET was expressed relative to N ingested (NING) there was no difference (P>0.05) between treatments. Inclusion of SH did not affect (P>0.05) the NRET when the result was expressed in absolute or proportional terms. In conclusion, inclusion of practical levels of WB and SH does not significantly affect the metabolic costs involved with nitrogen metabolism. However, only WB was able to contribute to the N balance of pigs, while the relative amount of N added by SH was fully recovered in feces.
RIVER DREDGING: WHEN THE PUBLIC POWER IGNORS THE CAUSES, BIODIVERSITY AND SCIENCE
Authors: SMITH WELBER SENTEIO , SILVA FÁBIO LEANDRO DA , BIAGIONI RENATA CASSEMIRO
Published: May 2019

Abstract The river siltingis usually solved by dredging the sediment deposited in its bed, employing many techniques. In dealing with a concrete case, the objective is to expose the technical criteria lack for the execution of such intervention, the impacts to the river, aquatic biota and its real need. Here aspects of the dissociation between consecrated understandings in the engineering and their mismatch with the ecological theories are presented. This work aimed to study urban floods, elucidating their causes, to propose measures and new technologies to deal with them, through programs and urban policies. The intention is to detail the causes of urban floods, understanding the factors involved and with that, discuss how the public power should proceed in what refers to the dredging. The main objective of this work is to stimulate the incorporation of urban rivers into ecological studies and to draw public attention to this issue.
Frontal-Mental Line Inclination Test for assessment of cervical curvature: validation and applicability
Authors: Pivotto Luiza Rampi , Schmit Emanuelle Francine Detogni , Raupp Eduardo Gonçalves , Santos Angela , Vieira Adriane , Candotti Cláudia Tarragô
Published: May 2019

Abstract Introduction: Alternative testing for X-rays in the assessment of the spine have the advantage of not causing radiation problems, but need to be validated. Objective: To propose a clinical test for assessment of the cervical spine based on the frontal-mental line inclination, identifying its concurrent validity in relation to the gold standard and determining its clinical applicability. Method: The present study was separated into two phases: (1) Test of Frontal-mental Line Inclination’s (TFMLI) validation protocol (evaluation of head position using X-ray analysis and computerized photogrammetry and assessment of cervical curvature using X-ray analysis and the TFMLI) (n = 35); (2) testing the possibility of performing the TFMLI with a universal goniometer (n = 23). Results: In phase 1, for the evaluation of head position, the gold standard and photogrammetry showed high and significant correlation (r = 0.602; p < 0.001). When evaluating cervical curvature, the gold standard and the TFMLI showed high and significant correlation (r = 0.597; p = 0.019). In phase 2, for the evaluation of head position, photogrammetry and goniometry showed high and significant correlation (rs = 0.662; p < 0.001). For the evaluation of cervical curvature, the TFMLI performed with photographs and with goniometry showed almost perfect and significant correlation (r = 0.969; p < 0.001). Conclusion: The TFMLI is suitable for an initial evaluation of the cervical spine posture of individuals with anterior head position and can be applied in clinical practice with the use of a universal goniometer.
Host plants for mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in grapevine crops
Authors: Lopes Fabiana Soares Cariri , Oliveira José Vargas de , Oliveira José Eudes de Morais , Oliveira Martin Duarte de , Souza Adriana Maria de
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) are considered pest insects of economic importance in grapevine crops. They are highly polyphagous, feeding on host plants of about 250 families. This study aimed to identify host plants for mealybugs in grapevine crops, in the São Francisco Valley region, Brazil. The samples included weeds, ornamentals, windbreaks, fruit trees and native plants of the Caatinga biome. A total of 37 species of host plants for mealybugs were identified, distributed in 18 families. The Malvaceae family was the most frequent one, with eigth host species identified, followed by Fabaceae with four and Euphorbiaceae with three. Most of these host plants are being recorded here for the first time in association with mealybugs species. From the identified plant species, 24 are hosts for Maconelicoccus hirsutus, 16 for Phenacoccus solenopsis, one for Ferrisia virgata, one for Dysmicoccus brevipes and one for Planococcus citri. The obtained results are important to better understand the host plant diversity for mealybugs, in order to implement integrated pest management programs.
Cooperative Control Of Electronic Power Processors In Micro-grids
Authors: Tedeschi Elisabetta , Tenti Paolo , Mattavelli Paolo , Trombetti Daniela
Published: May 2019

Micro-grids offer a new challenging domain for power electronics, since they include a variety of power sources and electronic power processors (EPP) interacting each other. In micro-grids, energy efficiency requires smart control of power flow, and power quality calls for voltage support by reactive power regulation, suppression of voltage distortion at load terminals and limitation of current harmonics at utility interface. Pursuing such complex duties requires EPP to perform cooperatively, irrespective of type and power rating. This paper provides a background to cooperative control of distributed EPP in micro-grids, where power capability is limited, voltage supply is often distorted and distribution line impedances play a significant role.
The new freshwater crab belongs to the genus Geothelphusa as inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers
Authors: Lee Dong Ju , Kim Il-Chul
Published: May 2019

This is the first report of a freshwater crab (Naju crab) collected from the Korean peninsula. It was named after Naju city. The Naju crab was identified based on evidence of 2 mitochondrial DNA of 16S rDNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit1 (COI), supporting that the Naju crab belongs to the genus Geothelphusa. The variances of the nucleotide sequence of 16S rDNA are from 2.01% to 6.02% between the Naju crab and four G. dehaani isolates (AB290630, AB551391, AB187570, and AB535460, respectively). The variances of the nucleotide sequence of CO1 are from 2.58% to 7.96% between the Naju crab and four G. dehaani isolates (AB551393, AB187570, AB290648, and AB535491, respectively). The nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence (1515bp) of the Naju crab showed that its 5.8S nucleotide sequence was highly conserved to that of Sesarma spp, terrestrial crab endemic to the American continent. However, the nucleotide sequences of the ITS1 and the ITS2 are not found to be conserved in any species in the world.
Detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin genes in raw milk samples by real-time PCR
Authors: Yiðin Akýn , Demirci Mehmet , Altun Serap Kýlýç , Dinç Hikmet
Published: May 2019

Presence of significant level of enterotoxigenic S. aureus in raw milk of sheep, goat and donkey may cause serious food borne disease. Many people worldwide, use raw milk in their daily life but data on presence of virulence genes in cow, sheep, goat and especially donkey milk seems to be very limited. For this reason, aim of this study was to determine the presence both S. aureus and nine staphylococcal enterotoxin genes in cow, sheep, goat and donkey milks. A total of 231 raw milk samples were collected from 48 cow, 65 goat, 65 sheep and 53 donkey were collected. To detect presence of S. aureus both conventional culture and real-time PCR were used and to detect nine staphylococcal enterotoxin genes directly in milk, real-time PCR was performed. Conventional culture and real-time PCR results were found to be similar for presence of S. aureus and it was detected in 52 (22.51%) out of 231 raw milk samples. Staphylococcal enterotoxin genes were detected in 27 out of 52 S.aureus positive samples and a total of 62 enterotoxin genes were detected in these samples. However enterotoxin genes could not be detected in two S. aureus positive donkey milk. Hence, real-time PCR proved to be reliable and faster than conventional methods to detect presence of enterotoxigenic S. aureus in milk. Raw milk samples from different animals many contain enterotoxigenic S. aureus. Therefore, one should be careful during raw milk consumption as enterotoxigenic S. aureus in milk may cause dangerous public health problem which need routine screening for this pathogen in milk
Violence Trajectories Associated With Dating Violence Victimization and Perpetration: An Examination of Gendered Pathways
Authors: Weir Henriikka , Kaukinen Catherine
Published: May 2019

The present study investigated the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) during adolescence and early adulthood and general involvement in violence using publicly available data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). Longitudinal Latent Class Analysis (LLCA) was utilized to investigate the patterns of violence among victims and perpetrators of IPV. The longitudinal developmental trajectories of violence involvement were then separately compared and contrasted between males and females experiencing IPV victimization and/or perpetration as well as males and females not experiencing IPV victimization and/or perpetration. While majority of youth scored low on involvement in violence as evidenced by assignment into an “abstainer” category, multiple diverse longitudinal trajectories of violence involvement were identified based on gender and exposure to IPV.
Sexual Trauma Screening for Men and Women: Examining the Construct Validity of a Two-Item Screen
Authors: Mengeling Michelle A. , Burkitt Kelly Hyman , True Gala , Zickmund Susan L. , Ono Sarah S. , Bayliss Nichole K. , Holmes William C. , Sadler Anne G.
Published: May 2019

The Veterans Health Administration (VHA), the largest integrated healthcare system in the United States, has conducted universal screening for military sexual trauma (MST) to facilitate MST-related care since 2002. VHA defines MST as sexual assault or repeated, threatening sexual harassment that occurred during military service. Evidence of construct validity, the degree to which the screen is measuring what it purports to measure (i.e., MST), was examined using the 23-item Sexual Experiences Questionnaire-Department of Defense (SEQ-DoD). Results showed individuals who endorsed no SEQ-DoD items screened MST negative. Those who had experienced more SEQ-DoD behaviors with greater frequency, and across all four SEQ-DoD domains, were more likely to screen MST positive. Findings were similar for men and women. These findings contribute to the validity evidence for the VHA MST screen.
Re-Examining the Relationship Between Avoidance and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Rape Survivors Enrolled in Self-Defense Training: The Protective Effect of Activities Self-Efficacy
Authors: Pinciotti Caitlin M. , Reffi Anthony N. , Orcutt Holly K.
Published: May 2019

Although many women do not report sexual victimization as motivation for seeking self-defense training, differences in self-efficacy suggest that self-efficacy deficits may influence survivors' desire to seek training. Lower self-efficacy, thought to negatively influence perceived confidence in one's ability to engage in everyday activities, may relate to avoidance of mundane activities and cause exacerbation of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). The current study examined a three-way interaction modeling the relationships between history of rape, activities self-efficacy, activities avoidance, and PTSS in a diverse sample of 233 women enrolled in self-defense training. Results suggest that survivors who avoid everyday activities experience increased PTSS, but this effect is mitigated by perceived self-efficacy to engage in these activities. Activities self-efficacy may promote resilience in rape survivors regardless of whether they actually engage in such activities. Training that targets self-efficacy, rather than actual engagement in activities, may be sufficient to reduce PTSS in rape survivors.
The Dynamics of Partner Violence and Alcohol Use in Couples: Research Methods
Authors: Burge Sandra K. , Katerndahl David A. , Becho Johanna , Wood Robert , Rodriguez Jasmine , Ferrer Robert
Published: May 2019

Objective

This research team uses complexity science to gain a deeper understanding of daily dynamics of intimate partner violence (IPV). This report describes research methods for gathering daily information about patterns of partner violence and alcohol use from couples in near-real time, and addresses recruitment and retention, adherence to study protocol, data validity, and participant safety.

Methods

Researchers enrolled 20 heterosexual couples with violent relationships from a primary healthcare center. Every day for 8 weeks, participants telephoned an interactive voice response (IVR) system and responded to 33 survey questions assessing violence, alcohol use, and household environment. They also completed baseline and end-of-study surveys.

Results

Of 20 enrolled couples, 15 completed the study, providing 90% adherence to daily reporting. Participants reported verbal aggression on an average of 11–13 days over 8 weeks, and physical abuse on an average of 2–4 days. Alcohol use was modest and infrequent. Women and men differed in their reports of women's physical aggression. No reports of physical violence were correlated with social desirability.

Conclusions

We demonstrated the feasibility of enrolling and engaging both women and men in daily longitudinal research about partner violence and described advantages of IVR in daily longitudinal research.
Context Matters: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Associations With Military Sexual Trauma Event Characteristics and Dual Histories of Interpersonal Trauma
Authors: Bennett Diana C. , Thomas Edward J. , Porter Katherine E. , Broman Rachel B. , Rauch Sheila A. M. , Sexton Minden B.
Published: May 2019

Despite the high rates of military sexual trauma (MST) experienced by service members and veterans, little is known about how contextual features of the MST event or concurrent histories of other interpersonal traumas are associated with diverse clinical presentations. This study examined contextual factors of MST events (number of perpetrators, location of MST, relationship to perpetrator, location of MST) and dual history of interpersonal traumas (including sexual abuse or assault throughout the lifespan, repeated MST, and intimate partner violence) in relation to total symptoms and symptom clusters of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). MST involving multiple perpetrators was related to higher avoidance and hyperarousal. MST while combat-deployed was associated with higher hyperarousal. Veterans endorsing a history of partner violence presented with higher reexperiencing and avoidance. Recognition of phenotypic differences may assist providers in treatment planning and optimizing outcomes.
COMO ABRIR A CAIXA DE PANDORA?: estratégias metodológicas para o estudo da polícia que mata
Authors: Da Silva Ferreira Poliana
Published: May 2019

Este texto tem por objetivo apresentar as estratégias metodológicas utilizadas por diferentes pesquisadores para estudar a polícia que mata em serviço. Assim, a partir de uma revisão de literatura sobre o tema, buscamos observar os mecanismos, percursos e desafios enfrentados por aqueles que se dedicam a estudar um campo que, no Brasil, ainda se mostra como uma caixa fechada, repleta de enigmas. A pesquisa busca contribuir para uma reflexão aprofundada em duas frentes. Por um lado, observar os desafios comuns às pesquisadoras e pesquisadores que atuam na área de segurança pública, e, por outro, os caminhos construídos por estes para produzir conhecimento neste campo.