bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Ingested Bone Perforating Through the Stomach into the Superior Mesenteric Vein
Authors: Nielsen Dana , Tuvin Daniel
Published: March 2023

Here, we describe a case of an 86-year-old man presenting with several days of abdominal pain. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a radiopaque object penetrating through the stomach into the superior mesenteric vein. He was taken for exploratory laparotomy where a sharp object was noted to be extending through the posterior wall of the stomach. To control the body, an anterior gastrotomy was performed. There was no hemorrhage noted from the retroperitoneum. On gross inspection, the foreign body appeared to be consistent with a large fragment of bone. On discussion with the patient, he noted consuming a large pork chop prior to the onset of his abdominal pain. He recovered well without significant complication and was able to return home. Subsequent follow up confirmed his continued convalescence.
Mesothelial Inclusion Cyst in an Infant with Beckwith-Weidemann Syndrome
Authors: Lehane Alison J. , Rauh Jessica , Sieren Leah M.
Published: March 2023

Mesothelial inclusion cysts are rare benign tumors not frequently reported in the literature. When reported, they are primarily found in adults. One report from 2006 reports an association with Beckwith-Weideman syndrome, but no other reported cases discuss this correlation. We describe a case of an infant with Beckwith-Weideman syndrome who, in the setting of omphalocele repair, was found to have hepatic cysts with pathology revealing mesothelial inclusion cysts.
Quintessential Solutions to Existential Problems: How Human Factors and Ergonomics Can and Should Address the Imminent Challenges of Our Times
Authors: Hancock P. A.
Published: March 2023

Objective

To examine and evaluate ways in which an understanding of the quintessential element of Human Factors/Ergonomics can address the spectrum of existential threats that confront contemporary civilization.

Background

HF/E is dedicated to improving quality of life. Paradoxically, many processes which sustain contemporary civilization act to reduce that overall quality. Some technological developments themselves now even present existential threats to the fragile skein of civilization itself. Many disciplines address these diverse threats, and each may be advised and facilitated by HF/E knowledge and methods. It is a moral imperative of our science to contribute what we can to proposed resolutions.

Method

A primary conduit, by the established strengths of HF/E can contribute to potential solutions is identified. The present work advocates for specific, practical interventions using a direct-perception mediated, panopticon principle, that derives from the corpus of our science.

Result

Limitations upon a general, social understanding of imminent global concerns, which are largely ignorable when not actually present, are brought to immediate consciousness via an HF/E principle emphasizing the direct-perception of threat. It is argued that this, and allied HF/E insights can generate practical steps toward problem resolution at both macroscopic and localized levels of implementation.

Applications

The primary, practical application of the proposed panopticon principle is to use our science to save global civilization. It is postulated that this represents useful employment of the knowledge we have adduced and accumulated across our discipline’s existence.
Decolonizing International Relations and Development Studies: What’s in a buzzword?
Authors: Sondarjee Maïka , Andrews Nathan
Published: March 2023

Over the past decade, there has been a new “decolonial turn,” albeit less related than before to land and political independence. “To decolonize” is now associated with something less tangible and often under-defined. We argue that scholars, especially Western ones, should avoid depoliticizing the expression “decolonizing” by using it as a buzzword. Scholars and policymakers should use the expression only if it is closely related to the political meaning ascribed to it by Global South and Indigenous activists and scholars. Decoloniality is a political project of human emancipation through collective struggles, entailing at least the following: 1) abolishing racial hierarchies within the hetero-patriarchal and capitalist world order, 2) dismantling the geopolitics of knowledge production, and 3) rehumanizing our relationships with Others and nature. We conclude that there is a need for epistemic humility and that Western scholars and institutions must refrain from using the word too freely.
Phase-based concerns of caregivers for individuals with a bipolar disorder
Authors: Spoelma Michael J. , Ponte Katherine M. , Parker Gordon
Published: March 2023

Background:

Caregivers have a key role in providing social and practical support for individuals with bipolar disorder. As such, their perspectives are uniquely important when collaborative decisions are made on management priorities and potential treatment options.

Aims:

This study aims to identify common concerns that caregivers have in the management of an individual with a bipolar disorder.

Method:

111 caregivers were recruited from online advertisements and social media support groups. They completed a questionnaire that obtained demographic and clinical feature details, in addition to whether a series of generic and phase-specific (i.e. depressive or hypo/manic) management concerns reflected their experiences of caregiving.

Results:

Concerns about work capacity and family impacts were almost ubiquitous, as were general feelings of ineffectiveness and irritation. Depressive phases were more likely to elicit fears of suicide by caregivers, while during hypo/manic phases caregivers were more likely to be angered, have concerns for their own safety, call emergency services or to take safety precautions. There were no differences between bipolar subtypes with regards to concerns during depressive phases, but concerns around safety, reputational damage and risky behaviours were more likely in relation to those experiencing bipolar I manic phases compared to bipolar II hypomanic phases.

Conclusions:

The concerns identified by caregivers in this paper are consistent with clinical expectations, with concerns regarding insularity and externalisation being prominent for depression and hypo/mania respectively. Not all of these caregivers’ concerns would necessarily be communicated in a healthcare setting, highlighting the need for an embracive approach to improve management outcomes. Additionally, caregivers’ emphasis on their distinctive altruistic concerns highlights their commitment to care despite the challenges, and thus further highlights the potential for clinicians to implement a more proactive role for them in patient care.
Edgar H. Schein: Reflections on his Life and Career
Authors: Burke W. Warner
Published: March 2023

My relationship with Ed Schein began with informal encounters during the summers of the late 1960s in Bethel, Maine, where the National Training Laboratories (NTL) held its programs. Our initial work together was co-training at NTL's Management Work Conference where I learned from a consummate professional in the sensitivity training world. Ed's contributions to the T Group movement were prolific, a significant example being the Addison Wesley Series of books on organization development. He defined the field of organizational psychology, provided the definitive work on organizational culture, and was the master of process consultation. A mild-mannered professor at MIT's Sloan School for his entire career, Ed was a copious writer, dedicated teacher, and skillful consultant.
Truth and Consequences in Teacher Education
Authors: Shulman Lee S.
Published: March 2023

Truth and its consequences in teacher education form a web of interconnected relationships that align our attentions with our intentions. This article responds to an essay I wrote twenty years ago, and I examine the assumptions, questions, and possibilities in the frame of a more modern context. While many of the ideas remain salient, an examination of the truths I explained and the consequences I examined have shed new light on what truths and consequences for teacher education have unfolded in the last two decades.
A Review of COVID-19 Deaths among Law Enforcement Officers in the United States
Authors: Boydstun Jamie L , Wells Makeela J
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of law enforcement officers in the United States who died from COVID-19 in 2020–2021. Data were drawn from the Officer Down Memorial Page (ODMP) website. Results reveal that 729 law enforcement officers died from COVID-19 between 2020 and 2021, with the majority of these deaths occurring in the southern region of the United States. Additionally, a larger percentage of COVD-19 deaths were reported for officers who were male, White, and older compared to officers of color, younger officers, and female officers.
Numerical simulation of airflow field in rotor spinning channel based on dynamics optimization
Authors: Qiu Haifei , Yan Ruian , Huang Pengfei , Zhang Hongwei
Published: March 2023

To respond to high-speed characteristics and complicated airflow of the air-extraction rotor, the paper takes advantage of ANSYS parametric design language to develop the parametric finite element modeling program by taking the geometric feature of the slip plane as the design variable, so as to propose a mathematical model applicable to dynamics optimization of the rotor. The optimal design parameters of the slip plane are obtained through dynamics optimization ( α ≈ 13.92°, L ≈ 11.17 mm), and the centrifugal stress and static deformation of the rotor body are further reduced while increasing its fundamental frequency by about 7.15%, so that it can adapt to higher safety critical speed. The RNG k- ε turbulence physics model is applied to the numerical simulation of the airflow field in the optimal spinning channel, and a computational domain of single-phase steady fluid with nonstructural mesh is constructed by using ICEM CFD and FLUENT software. On this basis, the simulation result with excellent convergence of the flow field is obtained through the SIMPLE algorithm and pressure-velocity coupled solution. In addition, by virtue of the two-dimensional and three-dimensional flow field characteristic analysis for key fields (like the rotor wall, fiber pipeline, false twister, collecting groove, inlet and outlet), the airflow field state in the spinning channel (like the static pressure, dynamic pressure, velocity vector field, turbulence intensity and streamline trajectory) is confirmed, which will be conducive to gain a deep insight into the open-end spinning mechanism of the air-extraction rotor.
Protestantism without Reformation: Dietrich Bonhoeffer's Indictment of American Christianity
Authors: Mauldin Joshua
Published: March 2023

Bonhoeffer's critique of American Christianity reveals how he came to see his own understanding of the church's role in political resistance as foreign to the American context in which he had found himself during his brief sojourn in the United States in 1939. Bonhoeffer's understanding of the two kingdoms, of the church's relation to the state, and of the history of American Protestantism came together in his fateful decision to return to Germany. He came to see that Americans could not understand the church struggle in which he had engaged in Germany, that he could be of no service to American Christianity, and that he would be of better use in his homeland. This article examines Bonhoeffer's short essay, “Protestantism without Reformation,” which he completed upon his return to Germany, and which was published only after his death. Reading this essay helps us better understand Bonhoeffer's motives for returning to Germany in 1939 rather than remaining in the United States in safety. Bonhoeffer did not see his own understanding of political resistance as easily applicable to the US context. His critique of American Christianity has much to teach us today.
Misreading C. S. Lewis on Friendship: The Charges of Sexism, Secrecy, and Snobbery
Authors: Lepojärvi Jason
Published: March 2023

C. S. Lewis's published writings comprise some forty-odd books in multiple genres, hundreds of essays, and thousands of letters. The theme that arguably rises above other themes is love, and within the family of different kinds of love, the love of friendship holds prominence. Although Lewis is often credited for accessible writing, there exists a number of popular misunderstandings about his ideas of friendship in particular. Several writers—theologians, philosophers, and literary scholars—have leveled serious charges against Lewis's understanding of friendship. This article will evaluate three of these charges in more detail, those of sexism, secrecy, and snobbery. The article shows that these are based on incomplete readings or complete misreadings of Lewis's life and writings. This is not to say that Lewis had no blind spots (he certainly did), but that they are not always where his critics see them.
How Then Shall We Live as a People of Faith in a World in Crisis?
Authors: Ferguson Duncan
Published: March 2023

This article addresses the question of how the community of faith (the church, etc.) should respond to the world in crisis. It provides a spiritual perspective on this crisis rather than a full description of the problems and how to solve them. It draws upon the life and teaching of Jesus to discern how to respond to our troubled world, noting that Jesus too lived in a world in crisis. The article underlines that Jesus fully lived the “more excellent way” described by Paul in First Corinthians. The community of faith responds with a thoughtful faith, hope grounded in salvation history (i.e., the entrance of God into human affairs, from Abraham to the present), and unconditional love, following the example of Jesus. In these ways, the community of faith helps mitigate “a world in crisis” and empowers faithful followers to flourish.
“Forcing Every Thought and Action into Responsibility”: An Unpublished Curriculum Vitae from Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s Fiancé Maria von Wedemeyer. Edited with an Introduction and Commentary by Jutta Koslowski
Authors: Koslowski Jutta
Published: March 2023

This is the first publication of the Curriculum Vitae of Maria von Wedemeyer, fiancé of the famous theologian Dietrich Bonhoeffer who has been executed by the Nazis just a few days before the end of World War II as a resistance fighter against Hitler. Maria wrote this CV in the year 1948 at the age of 23, when she applied for a scholarship at Bryn Mawr College near Philadelphia. In Germany, she had studied mathematics at the University of Göttingen, and she intended to pursue studies in physics and history in order to become a teacher. Here application was approved and she remained in the United States for good: She was twice married and divorced, raised two sons and embarked on a career in the emerging computer industry before she died on Boston at the age of 53 in with cancer. Whereas Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s popularity is still growing more than 75 years after his death, little is known about his family background. This is especially true for the women among his relatives – despite of their crucial importance for the resistance movement. Maria von Wedemeyer kept silent about her relationship with Dietrich for the most part of her life, trying to leave behind the terrible strokes of fate which she had experienced as a young woman: Her beloved father and brother were killed as soldiers at the Eastern Front in Russia, her family’s state in Brandenburg was destroyed by the Red Army and her fiancé was killed by the Gestapo. However, Maria relates how deeply she was shaped by the Christian faith of her parents and about the aspirations she has to educate a new generation for a better future.
Understanding the Influence Discrepancy Between Human and Artificial Agent in Advice Interactions: The Role of Stereotypical Perception of Agency
Authors: Liao Wang , Oh Yoo Jung , Feng Bo , Zhang Jingwen
Published: March 2023

This paper proposes that artificial agents’ underperformance in interpersonal influence situations can be explained by stereotypical perceptions of such agents’ lack of capacity to act and accomplish goals (i.e., agency), triggered by their non-human identity. In two experiments of text-based conversations ( N = 305 and 309), the identity of a human advice giver was manipulated to be either a human or a chatbot. The chatbot identity resulted in less perceived agency of the giver, which then mediated the identity’s effects on the advice seeker’s (a) perceived advice effectiveness and (b) intention to follow advice after the conversation, as well as (c) adherence to advice and (d) trouble relief after a week. A positive correlation between perceived agency of the artificial agent and the seeker’s self-efficacy was identified as part of this mediation. In contrast, perceived emotional capacity (i.e., experience), despite a discrepancy between the two identities, had non-significant mediating effects.
Escalation of Suicidal Spectrum Behaviors During Incarceration
Authors: Yasmeen Sajida , Stuewig Jeffrey B. , Wilson John S. , Tangney June P. , Schrader Shannon W. , Loya Jennifer M. , Barboza Sharen E. , Berry Diane , Wiser Abigail
Published: March 2023

Rates of multiple episodes of suicide spectrum behaviors are higher among incarcerated individuals than community members. Understanding the trajectory of multiple episodes of suicide spectrum behavior is important for assessment of risk and precautionary measures. We examined escalation in terms of frequency and method among 204 incarcerated individuals who engaged in multiple episodes of serious self-harm. Among those who did not die ( n = 191), the interval between suicide spectrum behaviors decreased across incidents and incidents became potentially more lethal over time. Findings indicate that clinicians relying solely on intent to assess seriousness of self-harming behavior might overlook escalation risk. To effectively prevent fatal incidents, clinicians and correctional staff working with incarcerated individuals should incorporate behavioral measures (e.g., time between incidents and method used) and trend these measures over time.
Military Duty during Mission Deployment: Exploring Local Relations and Dynamics of Cohesion—The Case of Swedish Troops
Authors: Ekman Lisa
Published: March 2023

This article explores contemporary understandings of military duty and dynamics of cohesion during deployment with a focus on host–citizen relations. Duty is treated as a perception-based dynamic construct shaped, in part, by operational experiences. Traditionally, Western military duty is defined by conventional obligations of loyalty to the military unit and mission in the context of combat operations, in these ways linked to military cohesion. However, in response to increasingly “population-oriented” military operations, I argue the need to broaden the study of military duty and cohesion beyond interpersonal bonds of the military organization to include the role of host–citizen relations. In-depth interviews with Swedish service members reaffirm the centrality of conventional duty to the mission and military unit, yet also indicate varying levels and forms of obligations to local actors. Overall, understandings of duty matter to cohesion both as a unifying force and source of tension within the mission.
Actor–critic learning-based adaptive fuzzy controller for stepper motor
Authors: Babu R Ganesh , Chellaswamy C , Geetha T S
Published: March 2023

This paper presents a combination of both the Takagi–Sugeno–Kang fuzzy controller and the advantage of reinforcement learning for the reduction in the effect of external disturbances and system uncertainties. A neural network is used for the implementation of a critic network; the parameters are updated using the Lyapunov criteria for avoiding local minima problems. The fewer learning parameters used helps online tuning of the controller by the critic network based on the reward function. MATLAB/Simulink is used for simulation of the proposed system under different conditions in the investigation of the performance of the proposed controller. The actor parameters are updated based on the change in the reward function error and a control function. Five different conditions, namely, no-load condition, sudden load-torque changes, system parameter uncertainty, sudden phase interruption, and the impact of noise have been studied. The proposed method was found to meet the high-speed response with the tracking error of ±2.23% for the tracking reference trajectory and tracking error of ±2.5% under constant load-torque disturbance. The test results were compared with two benchmark controllers for the verification of the effectiveness of the proposed controller. Simulation results showed the proposed method providing an adaptive and precise speed response. Therefore, it is suitable for non-linear and uncertain applications.
(Tiny) spaces of hope: Reclaiming, maintaining, and reframing housing in the tiny house movement
Authors: Wilson Alice , Wadham Helen
Published: March 2023

This article explores the tiny house movement as a contemporary example of alternative housing practices. Within the stories women tell about their tiny house journeys, we uncover diverse prefigurative practices and politics, which in turn invoke an expanded sense of fairness and agency in and through housing. Framed by Colin Ward’s work on dweller-control and self-help, the article draws on interviews with over 30 women from Europe, the UK, US, Australia, and South Africa. Through their experiences, we explore the growing place of the tiny house movement in the popular imagination. Individually, tiny houses offer an imperfect yet compelling alternative for their inhabitants. Collectively, the tiny house movement potentially advances a more just and equitable approach to housing by providing inspiration for those seeking to question apparently unassailable ideas about how we should live.
Social environment and moment-to-moment variation in self-construal among Latinx emerging adults: An ecological momentary assessment approach
Authors: Kho Carmen , Zawadzki Matthew , Main Alexandra
Published: March 2023

Self-construal involves how one thinks of themselves in relations to others, including how much one thinks of themselves as separate from others (independent) or connected (interdependent). Researchers have typically assumed these self-perceptions are stable. However, given self-construal’s basis in the perceptions of others and the self, it is highly likely that self-construal can vary in different social environments. Thus, the goals of the present study were to examine (1) whether independent and interdependent self-construal fluctuates within-person among Latinx emerging adults from day-to-day and moment-to-moment, and (2) how individuals’ social environment is concurrently associated with fluctuations in self-construal. Using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), Latinx emerging adults (N = 191) reported on their independent and interdependent self-construal, as well as aspects of their social environment (occurrence of social interaction, interaction partner, quality of social interaction, and closeness of relationship) twice a day for 14 days, for up to 4058 observations in total. Using multilevel modeling to partition the variance in self-construal at the moment, day, and person level, we found substantial moment-to-moment variation. Further analyses indicated that aspects of the social environment were consistently associated with interdependent, but not independent, self-construal. The findings highlight the need to re-conceptualize changes in self-construal as a function of the social environment, and the need to measure aspects of culture, including self-construal, using ecologically valid measures that allow for more dynamic and sensitive assessments.
Designing a Mobile-Messaging App-Based Teachers’ Community of Practice in India
Authors: Thirumalai Bindu R , Sarangapani Padma M
Published: March 2023

A mobile-based messaging app (MMA) was implemented as a teachers’ community of practice in the Indian context through a large-scale educational initiative. The development process adopted a Design-based Research approach to test underlying theories in real-world settings. The researchers theorised the pedagogical affordances of the MMA Telegram using Davis and Chouinard's theoretical framework of affordances, defined as a relational process among users, designers, the environment, and the artefact. This paper discusses the iterative design process in detail. The findings showed that the MMA encourages accessibility and for teachers to showcase their practice in the online community of practice and refuses (does not allow) the development of the online community of practice as an epistemic community.
Outcomes of hepaticojejunostomy for post-cholecystectomy bile duct injury
Authors: Ahmad Humaid , Zia Haseeb Haider , Salih Mohammad , Naseer Muhammad , Khan Nusrat Yar , Bhatti Abu Bakar Hafeez
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Long-term results of hepaticojejunostomy (HJ) for complex bile duct injury (BDI) remain under-reported. The objective of this study was to assess short-term and long-term outcomes of HJ for post-cholecystectomy BDI.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study and included patients who underwent Roux-en-Y HJ for BDI (n = 87). Short-term (90-day) and long-term morbidity and mortality were assessed.

Results

At presentation, 42 (48.2%) patients had E3 or E4 BDI, 27 (31%) patients had vascular injury, and liver resection was performed in 12 (13.7%) patients. The 90-day morbidity was 51.7% (n = 45), and the 90-day mortality was 2.3% (n = 2). The long-term mortality was 3.4% (n = 3). The 10-year estimated stricture-free survival was 95%. The 10-year estimated overall survival rate was 100% in patients who underwent major hepatectomy and 91% in patients who did not. The 10-year estimated overall survival rate was 100% in patients with vasculobiliary injury and was not reached in patients without vascular injury.

Conclusions

Vascular injury with proximal BDI is not uncommon. Excellent long-term outcomes might be achieved with Roux-en-Y HJ for BDI with vascular injury and in patients requiring liver resection.
Renal pseudoaneurysm after holmium laser lithotripsy with flexible ureteroscopy: an unusual case report and literature review
Authors: Yin Cong , Chen Fengzhi , Jiang Jiahao , Xu Jinming , Shi Bentao
Published: March 2023

Pseudoaneurysms of the renal arteries are caused by focal rupture or perforation of the arterial wall, resulting in local bleeding. Such pseudoaneurysms can be observed in conditions such as nodular polyarteritis, penetrating or closed renal injury, and medically induced injuries (such as renal puncture biopsy, percutaneous nephrostomy, or partial nephrectomy). Flexible ureteroscopy (FURS) is performed entirely through the urethra to prevent potentially severe kidney damage. Because of this, almost no renal parenchymal hemorrhage occurs after FURS laser lithotripsy. Only four cases had been documented in the literature as of December 2022. In this report, we describe a 53-year-old man with a history of recurrent kidney stones who underwent FURS laser lithotripsy for bilateral kidney stones. The procedure was smoothly performed, and no active bleeding occurred. However, the patient developed recurrent macroscopic hematuria after discharge from the hospital, and renal angiography revealed a pseudoaneurysm in the distal right kidney. The pseudoaneurysm was treated with selective arterial embolization. Serious complications of FURS surgery are rare, particularly the formation of pseudoaneurysms. We report the present case to bring this potential complication to the attention of urologists.
Exploring natural language processing in mechanical engineering education: Implications for academic integrity
Authors: Lesage Jonathan , Brennan Robert , Eaton Sarah Elaine , Moya Beatriz , McDermott Brenda , Wiens Jason , Herrero Kai
Published: March 2023

In this paper, the authors review extant natural language processing models in the context of undergraduate mechanical engineering education. These models have advanced to a stage where it has become increasingly more difficult to discern computer vs. human-produced material, and as a result, have understandably raised questions about their impact on academic integrity. As part of our review, we perform two sets of tests with OpenAI's natural language processing model (1) using GPT-3 to generate text for a mechanical engineering laboratory report and (2) using Codex to generate code for an automation and control systems laboratory. Our results show that natural language processing is a potentially powerful assistive technology for engineering students. However, it is a technology that must be used with care, given its potential to enable cheating and plagiarism behaviours given how the technology challenges traditional assessment practices and traditional notions of authorship.
Using Logistic Regression to Evaluate Pedestrian–Vehicle Interaction Severity at Side Street Green and Exclusive Phase Signals
Authors: Green Olin , Ivan John N. , Filipovska Monika , Auguste Marisa E. , Wang Kai
Published: March 2023

This study used logistic regression to determine whether there is a significant difference in pedestrian–vehicle interaction severity at side street green and exclusive phase pedestrian signals, and to evaluate whether waiting- and crossing times are useful predictors of pedestrian–vehicle conflict. To do this, data related to the physical characteristics of each intersection and to the crossing experience of every pedestrian were gathered at 32 signalized intersections in Connecticut. At each intersection, conflicts between pedestrians and vehicles were classified into four distinct severity levels: undisturbed passage, potential conflict, minor conflict, and serious conflict. After interpreting the results of six different logistic regression refinements, it was determined that waiting time, crossing time, the number of lanes, annual average daily traffic, pedestrian compliance, phasing, and the presence of crosswalks were all useful predictors. Based on the results of this analysis, low wait time and crossing time values were associated with a decrease in the odds of a conflict. It was also determined that exclusive phase signals reduced the odds of a conflict by 85%. Future research should investigate variables associated with different land development patterns and demographic information. Along with this, the crossing experience of individuals who do not comply with pedestrian signals should also be evaluated.
Effects of Phi and View Angle Geometric Principles on Safety of Multi-Lane Roundabouts
Authors: Johnson Mark T.
Published: March 2023

Conventional intersections that have been replaced by multi-lane roundabouts have experienced a substantial reduction in both injuries and fatal crashes. Property-damage-only (PDO) crashes have also been reduced at some of these roundabouts. However, some multi-lane roundabouts have experienced a significant increase in PDO crashes. The question arises as to why some U.S. multi-lane roundabouts have substantially higher numbers of PDO crashes while other outwardly similar roundabouts do not. In this paper, we examine the hypothesis that the cause of the higher numbers of PDO crashes at some U.S. multi-lane roundabouts is driver confusion, owing to the lack of adherence to horizontal geometric safety design principles related to entry angles. We review research and explore three case studies where adherence to the safety principles related to entry angles—Phi and left view angle—contributed to improved safety.
Modeling Vehicle Flocking in Lane-Free Automated Traffic
Authors: Rostami-Shahrbabaki Majid , Weikl Simone , Niels Tanja , Bogenberger Klaus
Published: March 2023

In automated lane-free traffic, vehicles can choose any arbitrary lateral location. This enables vehicle flocking where, compared to platooning, the grouping of vehicles is possible with smaller space gaps, not only longitudinally but also laterally. Vehicle flocking can fulfill several purposes, such as increasing the road capacity, saving energy by reducing the aerodynamic drag force, and dampening shockwaves. Within this paper, we develop a control framework for modeling vehicle flocks in automated lane-free traffic. The proposed control algorithm considers two types of agents: [Formula: see text] -agents representing potential flock mates and a [Formula: see text] -agent representing the virtual leader with collective objectives (e.g., slowing down in the case of traffic congestion ahead). Our algorithm is based on energy functions for flock centering and collision avoidance, a consensus algorithm for velocity matching, and navigational feedback exerted by the virtual leader. The virtual leader’s path, which should be followed by the flock, is defined in an upper-level controller. In addition, a feedback algorithm for dynamic road boundary control is implemented. We simulate the proposed approach with very promising results. We show that vehicle flocks are efficiently formed within a few seconds, speeds are successfully aligned, and vehicle arrangements stay stable under different scenarios. In addition, the lateral and longitudinal flock extension changes with different energy functions and changing road boundaries, and vehicle flocks follow the trajectory of the virtual leader. Most importantly, vehicle flocks stay stable in the case of perturbations and the induced shock is dampened efficiently because of slight changes in the vehicles’ lateral locations.
Field Monitoring and Analysis of Abutment Foundation Behavior for a Curved Integral Abutment Bridge under Thermal Loading
Authors: Alhowaidi Yusuf , Eun Jongwan , Kim Seunghee , Song Chung R. , Jaber Fouad
Published: March 2023

The construction of integral abutment bridges (IABs), including semi-IABs, has increased substantially in the past two decades, partly because of reduced construction and maintenance costs. However, temperature-driven lateral movements, associated with the elimination of expansion joints, lead to a complex interaction between the bridge structure and the soils behind and under the abutment, which could result in soil densification, void formation, and settlement in the approach slab. The bridge's structure, geometry, and location all play an essential role in how the IAB responds to those movements. In addition, if the IAB is curved, it brings more complexity to its behavior. Nonetheless, there has been very little research on the behavior of curved IABs to date. This study investigates the behavior of a newly constructed curved IAB via field monitoring and numerical simulation. Field measurements included the backfill pressure, horizontal translation, and rotation imposed on the abutments during seasonal thermal fluctuations. The abutments rotate and translate toward backfill in summer and away from it in winter because of thermal expansion and contraction of the superstructure. Such thermal movements contributed to the increase in the lateral pressure to 85 kPa in the first year and to 140 kPa in the second year of monitoring. This implies that irreversible deformation may occur during seasonal temperature changes, supported by the monitored displacements. The bridge curvature, different skew angles at both ends, and the abutment geometry resulted in different movements and backfill pressures at each corner. A numerical simulation is also performed to provide more insights into the behavior of the curved IAB with more seasonal temperature cycles.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Prefabricated Concrete Barrier Systems Using Ultra-High-Performance Concrete
Authors: Khodayari Abbas , Mantawy Islam M. , Azizinamini Atorod
Published: March 2023

The functionality and crashworthiness of concrete barriers in bridge systems can be affected by the deterioration of the connection between bridge decks and concrete barriers. A set of details for barrier-to-deck connections for accelerated bridge construction (ABC) applications are proposed. Component-level testing was carried out on a conventional cast-in-place (CIP) detail and two versions of connections using ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC). The use of UHPC allows for shorter development length and lap splice length for dowel bars and the material characteristics provide strength and durability to the connection. Two connection details were proposed: (1) UHPC connection within the barrier segment (U-shape connection) and (2) UHPC connection in a recess inside the bridge deck (recessed connection). Besides simplified details, the construction sequence of the proposed recessed connection is suitable for ABC applications. It is observed that the proposed U-shape connection detail is emulative of the equivalent CIP concrete barrier system. However, the recessed connection system can undergo significantly larger deflections at ultimate load compared with the CIP barrier system and exhibits a preferred mode of failure while the deck does not undergo significant damage. The results of the component testing were used to calibrate non-linear finite element models. Using validated models, numerical analyses were performed to investigate the structural performance of conventional 15 ft long barrier modules connected to the deck overhang using the recessed connection. The model was subjected to the end-loading configuration and it was found that the proposed barrier system meets the strength requirement for the corresponding test level.
Sexist Attitudes in Online Video Gaming: Development and Validation of the Sexism Against Women Gamers Scale in Spanish and English
Authors: Bustos-Ortega Mariela , Carretero-Dios Hugo , Megías Jesús L. , Romero-Sánchez Mónica
Published: March 2023

Sexism is an increasingly prevalent problem in the gaming community. However, until now, assessment instruments focused on the construct “sexism against women gamers” are lacking. We present an eight-item self-report scale: Sexism Against Women Gamers Scale (SAWGS). We studied the reliability and validity of the scores of Spanish and English versions across five independent samples ( N = 2,437), with participants from Spain and the United States. Scores on both versions demonstrated high reliability, while exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported their unidimensional structure. The analysis established configural, metric, and scalar invariance across gender. SAWGS was invariant at the configural level across countries. SAWGS scores were independent of social desirability, positively correlated with myths about intimate-partner violence against women, sexism, and social dominance orientation, and correlated negatively with feminism. Using two fictitious scenarios of sexism in online gaming, we found that gamers with higher scores on SAWGS showed a greater tendency to downplay a sexist incident and proposed a less severe punishment for toxic gamers. The SAWGS explained additional variance on responses to scenarios beyond that explained by other measures. The detection of sexism should make it possible to develop programs for its eradication and avoid negative consequences for women gamers. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843231162837
Studying the influence of the addition of nano-titanium dioxide on the rheological, mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of polycarbonate/wood flour
Authors: Jawad Abbas , Ahmed Sura
Published: March 2023

In this work, the thermal stability of wood flour (WF) was modified using a boric acid treatment. To further understand the impacts of incorporating various proportions of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles loaded on polycarbonate (PC)/wood flour. The rheological, mechanical, thermal, electrical, and interfacial properties were studied. Various properties of the resultant PC/WF/TiO2 nanocomposites were then characterized. The viscosity of the nanocomposite was shown to decrease with shear rate and temperature. XRD investigation indicated that, by introducing TiO2 nanoparticles into PC/WF, the amorphous phase decreased, and the degree of crystallinity increased, as compared to bare PC/WF, from 65.78 to 42.29. In addition, the TGA profile showed that the nanocomposites have a higher resistance to thermal degradation than PC/WF alone. It was observed that the char residue resulting from the TGA of PC/WF/10%wt TiO2 increased to 5.69% compared to pure PC/WF (1.32%). It was found that an appropriate amount of TiO2 in PC/WF caused a significant increase in tensile strength, elongation at break, and on impact strength. These were attributed to an increase in the interface of the dispersed phase. The incorporation of nanoparticles enhanced the thermal conductivity of the nanocomposites, which was found to be higher when a TiO2 content of ∼3 wt% was used. The electrical conductivity of the PC/WF/TiO2 nanocomposite (<3 wt%) hindered the movement of free-moving ions, therefore reducing the nanocomposite’s electrical conductivity. However, at > 3 wt% of TiO2, due to the aggregation of nanoparticles, TiO2 nanoclusters formed in the PC/WF composite. Therefore, the additional space so created for the movement of conduction ions at the interface may have resulted in increased ion mobility. This could be the one of explanations for the increased electrical conductivity associated with higher wt% of TiO2. Results showed that treating the PC/WF/TiO2 nanocomposites with boric acid decreased both the rate of heat release and the total heat release.
Intelligent sliding mode fault-tolerant control of aviation propulsion motor system based on adaptive chaotic gray wolf optimization
Authors: Xiao Lingfei , Wang Guoqiang , Ma Leiming , Lin Cong
Published: March 2023

In order to solve the problem of motor fault caused by extreme low temperature and vibration in the high altitude of aviation propulsion motor, using the intelligent sliding mode fault-tolerant control, a speed controller based on variable exponential power reaching law and an extended sliding mode disturbance observer is designed; furthermore, the parameters are optimized by the adaptive chaotic gray wolf optimization algorithm. In addition, a second-order nonsingular terminal sliding mode observer and a frequency adaptive complex coefficient filter are designed. First, variable exponential power reaching law is helpful to eliminate the speed tracking error and buffeting for the speed controller, the external disturbance can be estimated and compensated using the extended sliding mode disturbance observer, and adaptive chaotic gray wolf optimization algorithm can enhance the accuracy of parameters. Second, for the sake of making the aviation propulsion motor run smoothly in the case of speed sensor fault, second-order nonsingular terminal sliding mode observer is designed to estimate the speed and position of aviation propulsion motor, and adaptive complex coefficient filter is designed to improve the estimation accuracy. Finally, based on MATLAB/Simulink simulation and STM32 motor series experiments, the effectiveness of the proposed observer and controller algorithm is verified.
Adaptive aggregation for longitudinal quantile regression based on censored history process
Authors: Xiong Wei , Deng Dianliang , Wang Dehui , Zhang Wanying
Published: March 2023

Most of the studies for longitudinal quantile regression are based on the correct specification. Nevertheless, one specific model can hardly perform precisely under different conditions and assessing which conditions are (approximately) satisfied to determine the optimal one is rather difficult. In the case of the mixed effect model, the misspecification of the fixed effect part will cause a lack of predicting accuracy of random effects, and affect the efficiency of the cumulative function estimator. On the other hand, limited research has focused on incorporating multiple candidate procedures in longitudinal data analysis, which is of current emergency. This paper proposes an exponential aggregation weighting algorithm for longitudinal quantile regression. Based on the secondary smoothing loss function, we establish oracle inequalities for aggregated estimator. The proposed method is applied to evaluate the cumulative [Formula: see text]th quantile function for additive mixed effect model with right-censored history process, and an aggregation-based best linear prediction for random effects is constructed as well. We show that the asymptotic properties are conveniently imposed owing to the smoothing scheme. Simulation studies are carried out to exhibit the rationality, and our method is illustrated to analyze the data set from a multicenter automatic defibrillator implantation trial.
Moral distress in long-term care questionnaire modification and psychometric evaluation
Authors: Tan Amil Kusain , Samuels William Ellery , Backhaus Ramona , Capezuti Elizabeth
Published: March 2023

Background

Licensed nurses working in long-term care facilities experience ethical challenges if not resolved can lead to moral distress. There is a lack of an English-language validated tool to adequately measure moral distress in the long-term care setting.

Aims

To describe the modification and psychometric evaluation of the Moral Distress Questionnaire.

Methods

Instrument development and psychometric evaluation. Internal consistency using Cronbach’s α to establish reliability was conducted using SPSS version 27.0 while SPSS Amos version 27.0 was used to perform a confirmatory factor analysis of the Moral Distress Questionnaire

Participants

A national sample of US-licensed nurses who provided direct resident care in long-term care settings were recruited via a targeted sampling method using Facebook from 7 December 2020 to 7 March 2021.

Ethical Consideration

The study was approved by the university’s human research protection program. Informed consent was provided to all participants.

Results

A total of 215 participants completed the surveys. Confirmatory analysis indicated that the 21-item scale with a 4-factor structure for the Moral Distress Questionnaire model met the established criteria and demonstrates an acceptable model fit (CMIN/DF = 2.0, CFI = 0.82, TLI = 0.77, RMSEA = 0.07). Factor loadings for each item depict a moderate to a strong relationship (range 0.36–0.70) with the given underlying construct. Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.87 for the overall scale and 0.60–0.74 for its subscales which demonstrate good reliabilities.

Discussion

This is the first English-language validated tool to adequately measure moral distress in the long-term care setting experienced by US long-term care nurses. This reliable and well-validated tool will help identify moral distress situations experienced by US long-term care nurses.

Conclusion

The modified 21-item English version of the Moral Distress Questionnaire is reliable tool that demonstrates good psychometric properties to validly measure sources of moral distress among direct resident care nurses.