bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estrategias de aprendizaje formal y no formal de docentes para su desarrollo profesional: Diseño y validación de un instrumento
Authors: Yot-Domínguez Carmen , Marcelo Carlos
Published: June 2022

La calidad de un sistema educativo depende de la calidad de sus docentes. Los docentes son profesionales que han de estar constantemente actualizando y mejorando sus competencias. Los informes internacionales nos muestran que las estrategias mediante las cuales los docentes aprenden son variadas aunque en gran medida centradas en enfoques tipo taller, cursos o seminarios. Con este trabajo pretendemos favorecer el estudio de cómo aprenden actualmente los docentes en una sociedad conectada por medio del diseño y validación de un instrumento que aborda diferentes situaciones de aprendizaje para los docentes: actividades en el centro, aprender de otros, colaboración docente con compañeros, compartir ideas y problemas, consultar on/off line fuentes de información, expansión, hacer/experimentar, interactuar con otros y reflexionar. Los resultados muestran que el instrumento elaborado tiene validez y que puede utilizarse al analizar los procesos de aprendizaje de los docentes. El instrumento puede ser de utilidad para su uso en diferentes situaciones o contextos de formación, así como ser empleado como evidencia en el proceso de verificar cambios en las preferencias de los docentes como consecuencia de su participación en determinadas acciones formativas.
Rancang Bangun Modul IoT untuk Pembelajaran Dasar di Laboratorium di Jurusan Teknik Elektro Universitas Lampung
Authors: Anizar A , Effendi Abdurachman , Nugraha Perdana A , Sidiq Muhamad R , Salsabila Nadia
Published: June 2022

The employment sector is the one that has been hit the worst by the consequences of Revolution 4.0 in Indonesia. The Internet of Things is one area that human resources, particularly students in the Electrical Engineering Department, must improve (IoT). As a result, IoT learning media was developed in the laboratory, where the current IoT modules are insufficient. The goal of this research is to provide students a fundamental understanding of the Internet of Things. Arduino and ESP8266 are used in this IoT module. The Blynk and ThinkSpeak platforms are used to connect to an internet network based on web services. In this module, you can perform three different types of experiments. The first is the ThingSpeak Application for Temperature and Humidity Monitoring. The temperature in the room was 23°C, with a humidity level of 56%. The second method is to use the Blynk application to measure distance using an ultrasonic sensor. The comparison of measurements on the LCD and the Blynk application yielded results that were consistent with measurements taken using a ruler. The third option is to use the Blynk App to control water volume. As an automatic switch on the tank, a relay module is used in this experiment. The pump will turn on when the water volume is less than 100 liters and turn off when the water volume reaches 265 liters. Finally, this module can be used as a basic learning materials in the Laboratory of the Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Lampung.
On the history of madder (Rubia peregrina L., and Rubia tinctorum L.) in pre-modern Iran and the Caucasus
Authors: Potts Daniel T.
Published: June 2022

For roughly four thousand years the pulverized roots of both wild (Rubia peregrina L.) and cultivated (Rubia tinctorum L.) madder have been used in Asia, North Africa and Europe as a red dye. Madder’s original, natural habitat extended from Iran to the Mediterranean and madder roots were gathered, processed and used long before the plant was systematically cultivated. Although the red dye derived from madder was put to various uses, the dyeing of fibres for use in textiles and carpets was the primary one, and is first attested c. 2000 BC in Mesopotamian cuneiform sources. In Iran madder’s use can be traced from late Antiquity to the modern era, and may have begun as early as the 1st millennium BC. In the 19th century demand for madder in India and Russia was great, spurring large investment in madder cultivation as a cash crop, both in Iran and in the Caucasus. Documents are presented which provide detailed accounts of both madder cultivation and the processing of the roots for the production of dyestuff. The introduction of synthetic dyes in the 1870s largely eradicated the market for madder-based dye in Eurasia and had a profound impact on the carpet industry, in particular.
Networks of causal relationships in the U.S. stock market
Authors: Shirokikh Oleg , Pastukhov Grigory , Semenov Alexander , Butenko Sergiy , Veremyev Alexander , Pasiliao Eduardo L. , Boginski Vladimir
Published: June 2022

We consider a network-based framework for studying causal relationships in financial markets and demonstrate this approach by applying it to the entire U.S. stock market. Directed networks (referred to as “causal market graphs”) are constructed based on publicly available stock prices time series data during 2001–2020, using Granger causality as a measure of pairwise causal relationships between all stocks. We consider the dynamics of structural properties of the constructed network snapshots, group stocks into network-based clusters, as well as identify the most “influential” market sectors via the PageRank algorithm. Interestingly, we observed drastic changes in the considered network characteristics in the years that corresponded to significant global-scale events, most notably, the financial crisis of 2008 and the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020.
On some invariants under the action of an extension of GA(n, 2) on the set of Boolean functions
Authors: Logachev Oleg A. , Fedorov Sergey N. , Yashchenko Valerii V.
Published: June 2022

Let G be the extension of a general affine group by the group of affine functions. We study the action of G on the set of Boolean functions. The action consists in nondegenerate affine transformations of variables and addition of affine Boolean functions. We introduce and examine some parameters of Boolean functions which are invariant with respect to the action of G. These are the amplitude (which is closely related to the nonlinearity), the dimension of a function, and some others. The invariants, together with some additionally proposed notions, could be used to obtain new bounds on cryptographic parameters of Boolean functions, including the maximum nonlinearity of functions in an odd number of variables.
Eine tief abgespaltene Minderheit
Authors: Roose Jochen
Published: June 2022

Die Diskussion um politische Polarisierung in Deutschland bringt zahlreiche Diagnosen hervor, die oft auf empirisch sehr wackeligen Füßen stehen. Die Vermessung von Polarisierung mit repräsentativen Umfragen zeigt ein mäßiges Niveau der Polarisierung von Einstellungen, wobei sich in der Frage der Immigrationspolitik zwei gleich große Gruppen mit sehr konsequenten Einstellungen gegenüberstehen. In der Parteienlandschaft bilden die Anhängerschaften von AfD einerseits und Grüne sowie Linke andererseits die inhaltlichen Pole über verschiedene Themen hinweg. Parallel dazu gibt es eine gegenseitige Abneigung gegen die jeweiligen Parteien und tendenziell auch die Wählerschaften. Insbesondere AfD-Wähler werden verbreitet abgelehnt. Für eine Stabilisierung der Demokratie ist es entscheidend, die Eskalationsspirale zu durchbrechen. Dafür ist eine intensive Selbstbefragung erforderlich, ob harte Reaktionen tatsächlich Menschenwürde und Demokratie verteidigen oder sich emotional gegen unangenehme, aber dennoch demokratische Ansichten wenden.
Politische Polarisierung in und durch Massenmedien und soziale Medien auf Mikro-, Meso- und Makro-Ebene
Authors: Eilders Christiane , Kelm Ole , Weinmann Carina
Published: June 2022

Der Aufsatz diskutiert die Rolle von Massenmedien und sozialen Medien für die politische Polarisierung in Deutschland. Dafür schlagen wir eine theoretisch-konzeptionelle Systematisierung vor, die eineDimensionierungentlang der Mikro-, Meso- und Makro-Ebene mit derDifferenzierungvon themen- und gruppenspezifischer Polarisierung verbindet. Besonders auffällig ist die Leerstelle auf der Meso-Ebene. Die Mikro-Ebene ist besser abgedeckt, hier deutet sich ein Einfluss meinungskonformer Mediennutzung auf die Polarisierung an. Auf der Makro-Ebene dominiert die Forschung zur Parteiensystem-Polarisierung, bei der ein Medieneinfluss bisher jedoch nicht nachgewiesen werden konnte. Zukünftige Forschung auf der Mikro-Ebene sollte stärker die Wirkung konkreter Medieninhalte fokussieren, die einer Polarisierung entgegenwirken können. Auf der Meso-Ebene gilt es, zunächst zu explorieren, inwiefern Polarisierung hier zu Dysfunktionen beitragen kann. Auf der Makro-Ebene bedarf es eines international vergleichenden Vorgehens, wenn Medieneinflüsse auf Systemmerkmale in den Blick genommen werden sollen.
Production of performic acid through a capillary microreactor by heterogeneous catalyst
Authors: Katuri Peddintaiah , Maralla Yadagiri , S. Sharada , Tumma Bala Narsaiah
Published: June 2022

Microreactors are small in size with significant heat and mass transfer. Performic acid (PFA) is an important organic compound. It has broad applications in food, oil and chemical industries because of its oxidizing properties. In the present work PFA is produced in a continuous flow Teflon spiral capillary microreactor. The PFA is produced with and without a heterogeneous catalyst. The formic acid (FA) and hydrogen peroxide (HP) are the reactants to produce the PFA. It is a reversible reaction. The aim of the present work to monitor the consequence of hydrogen peroxide concentration, temperature and heterogeneous catalyst (Amberlite) for conversion of the FA. The experimental results showed that the formation of the PFA is effected with increase in hydrogen peroxide concentration, percentage of catalyst and temperature. The PFA formed within short residence time by the use of solid catalyst. The heterogeneous catalysts are better in decreasing corrosion and segregation of the catalyst compared to homogeneous catalysts. The best conditions for the PFA synthesis reaction were noted that 10 min residence time, 30 w/v% of HP, 6 wt% of catalyst concentration based on formic acid and 30 °C. Hence, the maximum concentration of the PFA was recorded 2.8 mol/L (XFA = 39.4%)
Underwater wireless optical communication utilizing multiple input–multiple output (MIMO)-LED system for RF transmission with solar panel receiver
Authors: Qasim Ghusoon A. , Ali Mazin Ali A.
Published: June 2022

In this article, we designed an experimental system for underwater wireless optical communications. A function generation device sent frequencies (1–500 kHz) by amplitude shift key modulation technology, and these frequencies were loaded over light-emitting diode to propagate through a glass water tank with a length of 1 m, width of 40 cm, and height of 30 cm containing clean water of 80 L. These frequencies were received by a photodiode (BPX61), and the received signal was displayed through a digital storage oscilloscope device. Four techniques, single input–single output (SISO), single input–multiple output, multiple input–single output, and multiple input–multiple output (MIMO), were applied under the same optical conditions to know the quality of receiving the optical signal and the difference between them. Finally, the parameter values of signal-to-noise ratio, peak-to-peak voltage, and voltage gain were checked for each technique, and they were the lowest values for the SISO technique and the highest values for the MIMO technique.
Complications of orthopedic treatment in patients diagnosed with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets
Authors: Paludan Carl Gustaf , Thomsen Kristoffer Koed Vittrup , Rahbek Ole , Kold Søren
Published: June 2022

Objectives

XLHR in children with a Rickets Severity Score ≥2 can now be treated with the new antibody drug, Burosumab, which prevents bone deformities and increases gait endurance. This study illustrates the extent of complications in the traditional orthopedic treatment of XLHR. The impact of surgery and severity of complications in this patient population has not been systematically assessed before.

Methods

The search strategy resulted in 215 studies and data were collected from 19 eligible studies and complications were categorized. Four medical charts of patients with XLHR at Aalborg University Hospital were assessed.

Results

One complication occurred on average per surgical procedure for XLHR in the published literature. The 168 reported complications were categorized as follows: Type I (n=79): Complications with minimal intervention required and treatment goal still achieved, Type II (n=41): Complications with substantial change in treatment plan and treatment goal still achieved, Type IIIA (n=23): Complications with failure to achieve treatment goal and no new pathology or permanent sequelae, Type IIIB (n=25): Complications with failure to achieve treatment goal and/or new pathology or permanent sequelae.

Conclusions

In average, one complication occurred per surgery and the severity of complications were substantial. The treatment goal was not achieved in 28% of surgeries whereof half of them resulted in permanent sequalae or new pathology. Our findings support the use of Burosumab for treatment of the skeletal changes in XLHR as the reported side-effects in Burosumab treatment appear negligible compared to the impact of surgeries and related complications (Imel EA, Glorieux FH, Whyte MP, Munns CF, Ward LM, Nilsson O, et al. Burosumab versus conventional therapy in children with X-linked hypophosphataemia: a randomised, active-controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2019;393:2416–27). However, orthopedic surgery might still be needed for correcting deformities restricting activities of daily living in XLHR patients.
An integrated photonic device for on-chip magneto-optical memory reading
Authors: Demirer Figen Ece , Baron Yngwie , Reniers Sander , Pustakhod Dzmitry , Lavrijsen Reinoud , van der Tol Jos , Koopmans Bert
Published: June 2022

This study presents the design, fabrication and experimental demonstration of a magneto-photonic device that delivers non-volatile photonic memory functionality. The aim is to overcome the energy and speed bottleneck of back-and-forth signal conversion between the electronic and optical domains when retrieving information from non-volatile memory. The device combines integrated photonic components based on the InP membrane on silicon (IMOS) platform and a non-volatile, built-in memory element (ferromagnetic thin-film multilayers) realized as a top-cladding on the photonic waveguides (a post-processing step). We present a design where the phase of the guided light is engineered via two mechanisms: the polar magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) and the propagation in an asymmetrical cross-section (triangular) waveguide. Thanks to its design, the device yields different mode-specific transmissions depending on the memory state it encodes. We demonstrate the recording of the magnetic hysteresis using the transmitted optical signal, providing direct proof for all optical magnetic memory reading using an integrated photonic chip. Using mathematical model and optical simulations, we support the experimental observations and quantitatively reproduce the Kerr signal amplitudes on-chip. A 1% transmitted power contrast from devices is promising indicating that in a shot noise limited scenario the theoretical bandwidth of memory read-out exceeds 50 Gbits/s.
Influence of DNA as additive for market pulp on tissue paper
Authors: Ferreira A. Cláudia S. , Aguado Roberto , Carta Ana M. M. S. , Bértolo Raquel , Murtinho Dina , Valente Artur J. M.
Published: June 2022

Given the competitiveness in the tissue paper market, manufacturers are continuously seeking eco-friendly options to improve its properties. This work highlights the incorporation in tissue paper of fibrous formulations of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), taking advantage of the extremely versatile functionality of this macromolecule, which is, besides biodegradable and obviously biobased, safe for human health. Blends of pulps and salmon DNA were characterized through thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron morphology, water absorptivity and desorption rate monitoring. It was found that water uptake increased by +43 % for a 1:9 DNA/pulp blend. Then, the presence of DNA accelerated water release. Moreover, DNA was used to produce laboratory tissue paper sheets in two ways: from said blends and by direct addition to the pulp slurry. Each method had a different effect on paper properties, the most promising result being for pre-blending, by which the tensile index increases from 7 to 9 N·m·g–1. Although it was not possible to improve every desirable property, this was not detrimental to softness or water absorptivity. In conclusion, DNA showed potential as a dry strength additive not only for tissue paper, but also for food wrapping or for any other application that could benefit from biocompatibility.
Neural mechanisms underlying state mental fatigue: a systematic review and activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis
Authors: Salihu Abubakar Tijjani , Hill Keith D. , Jaberzadeh Shapour
Published: June 2022

Sustained performance of cognitive tasks could lead to the development of state mental fatigue characterized by subjective sensation of mental weariness and decrease in cognitive performance. In addition to the occupational hazards associated with mental fatigue, it can also affect physical performance reducing endurance, balance, and sport-specific technical skills. Similarly, mental fatigue is a common symptom in certain chronic health conditions such as multiple sclerosis affecting quality of life of the patients. Despite its widely acknowledged negative impact, the neural mechanisms underlining this phenomenon are still not fully understood. We conducted a systematic review and activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies investigating the effect of mental fatigue due to time-on-task (TOT) on brain activity to elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms. Studies were included if they examined change in brain activity induced by experimental mental fatigue (TOT effect) or investigated the relationship between brain activity and subjective mental fatigue due to TOT. A total of 33 studies met the review’s inclusion criteria, 13 of which were included in meta-analyses. Results of the meta-analyses revealed a decrease in activity with TOT in brain areas that constitute the cognitive control network. Additionally, an increased activity with TOT, as well as negative relationship with subjective mental fatigue was found in parts of the default mode network of the brain. The changes in cognitive control and the default mode networks of the brain due to state mental fatigue observed in this study were discussed in relation to the existing theories of mental fatigue.
Veganismus und pflanzenorientierte Ernährung in der aktuellen Nachhaltigkeitsdebatte als Themen der Religionswissenschaft
Authors: Triplett Katja
Published: June 2022

In der aktuellen Nachhaltigkeitsdebatte treffen wir häufig die Forderung nach einer pflanzlich orientierten Ernährungsweise an. Pflanzlich orientierte Ernährungsstile sind laut aktuellen Studien ein Schlüssel zur Nachhaltigkeit, weil der Konsum von Produkten tierischen Ursprungs einer der „Big-Five“-Treiber des Klimawandels ist. Ist das Verhindern der globalen Klimakatastrophe tatsächlich das zentrale Motiv für die Entscheidung, sich vegan zu ernähren? Als Motivationen für eine pflanzenorientierte Ernährungsweise gelten häufig eher der Schutz des Tierwohls und die Gesundheit. Manchen geht es auch um eine ethisch korrekte, nach seelischer und körperlicher Reinheit strebende Lebensweise, die weit über die Frage der korrekten Ernährung hinausgeht. Der Betrachtung verschiedener Ansätze zur Erforschung von Nachhaltigkeit, Ökospiritualität und Naturreligiosität folgen Überlegungen zur religionswissenschaftlichen Erforschbarkeit nachhaltiger Ernährungsstile.
Mechanical Recycling of Metal-Bonded Multilayered Flexible Packaging
Authors: Mangal Pradyumna , Mohan Navami , Vishakh Raja P. C. , Selvan Thamizh R. , Bhowmik Shantanu
Published: June 2022

Since the introduction of multilayered flexible plastics (MLFP) in the global market, their consumption has been on a rise. Because of the use of different plastics and metals with varying properties, recycling this form of packaging is a tedious task and a huge challenge for humanity. In this work, an attempt is made to recycle this waste using the methods in mechanical recycling to make useful commodities. After the making these commodities, their mechanical properties, such as tensile and compression strength, are tested, and the results are discussed.
Diabetic Family History is Associated with Severity of Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Naha BA Ushasi , Hamidi BA Adam , Hussain MD Awais , Parekh MD Amit , Malhotra MD Gautam , Mejia MD Alfonso , Siemionow MD Maria , Gonzalez MD Mark
Published: June 2022

Background Clinicians lack tools to determine a patient’s risk for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). This study examined the relationship between severity of DPN and family history of diabetes and DPN. Methods The Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) was used to collect symptom and physical exam data from consenting diabetic and control (n=293) patients. Family history of diabetes, DPN and major complications were collected going back two generations. Relevant additional characteristics were mined from patient medical records. Results Between patients who did and did not meet MNSI criteria for neuropathy, there were significant differences in comorbidities, including cardiac ( P <.0001), renal (P =.006), PVD (P<.0001), and thyroid (P =.027). Patients with history of diabetes on both sides (P=.032) or siblings (P<.0001); history of neuropathy on their maternal (P=.026), paternal (P=.002), both sides (P=.002) or siblings (P=.002); history of amputations on their maternal (P=.039) or paternal side (P=.162); or a history of ulcers on their maternal side (P=.030), paternal side (P=.005) or both sides (P=.046) were more likely to meet MNSI criteria for neuropathy. MNSI criteria for neuropathy was independently associated with history of cardiac or PVD comorbidities, and an MNSI score in the upper quartile was associated with diabetic siblings (OR=10.96). Conclusion: Family history of diabetes, DPN, and major complications was associated with neuropathy and also stronger degree of neuropathy. Family history, specifically diabetic siblings, cardiac and PVD comorbidities are independent risk factors for developing DPN. Clinicians should gather detailed family history and relevant comorbidities to optimize prevention of severe DPN in diabetics. Keywords:Type 2; Diabetic peripheral neuropathy; Family history of diabetes; MNSI; Complications
Central Type II Glucocorticoid Receptor Regulation of Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus Glycogen Metabolic Enzyme and Glucoregulatory Neurotransmitter Marker Protein Expression in the Male Rat
Authors: Alhamyani Abdulrahman , Mahmood A.S.M. Hasan , Alshamrani Ayed , M. H. Ibrahim Mostafa , P. Briski Karen
Published: June 2022

The ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN) glucoregulatory neurotransmitters γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and nitric oxide (NO) signal adjustments in glycogen mobilization. Glucocorticoids control astrocyte glycogen metabolism in vitro. The classical (type II) glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is expressed in key brain structures that govern glucostasis, including the VMN. Current research addressed the hypothesis that forebrain GR regulation of VMN glycogen synthase (GS) and phosphorylase (GP) protein expression correlates with control of glucoregulatory transmission. Groups of male rats were pretreated by intracerebroventricular (icv) delivery of the GR antagonist RU486 or vehicle prior to insulin-induced hypoglycemia (IIH), or were pretreated icv with dexamethasone (DEX) or vehicle before subcutaneous insulin diluent injection. DEX increased VMN GS and norepinephrine-sensitive GP-muscle type (GPmm), but did not alter metabolic deficit-sensitive GP-brain type (GPbb) expression. RU486 enhanced GS and GPbb profiles during IIH. VMN astrocyte (MCT1) and neuronal (MCT2) monocarboxylate transporter profiles were up-regulated in euglycemic and hypoglycemic animals by DEX or RU486, respectively. Glutamate decarboxylase65/67 and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) proteins were both increased by DEX, yet RU486 augmented hypoglycemic nNOS expression patterns. Results show that GR exert divergent effects on VMN GS, MCT1/2, and nNOS proteins during eu- (stimulatory) versus hypoglycemia (inhibitory); these findings imply that up-regulated NO transmission may reflect, in part, augmented glucose incorporation into glycogen and/or increased tissue lactate requirements. Data also provide novel evidence for metabolic state-dependent GR regulation of VMN GPmm and GPbb profiles; thus, GABA signaling of metabolic stability may reflect, in part, stimulus-specific glycogen breakdown during eu- versus hypoglycemia. Key Words: Glucocorticoid receptor; Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus; RU486; Dexamethasone; Glycogen phosphorylase; Nitric oxide synthase
Cryo‐EM structures of pentameric autoinducer‐2 exporter from Escherichia coli reveal its transport mechanism
Authors: Khera Radhika , Mehdipour Ahmad R , Bolla Jani R , Kahnt Joerg , Welsch Sonja , Ermler Ulrich , Muenke Cornelia , Robinson Carol V , Hummer Gerhard , Xie Hao , Michel Hartmut
Published: June 2022

Bacteria utilize small extracellular molecules to communicate in order to collectively coordinate their behaviors in response to the population density. Autoinducer‐2 (AI‐2), a universal molecule for both intra‐ and inter‐species communication, is involved in the regulation of biofilm formation, virulence, motility, chemotaxis, and antibiotic resistance. While many studies have been devoted to understanding the biosynthesis and sensing of AI‐2, very little information is available on its export. The protein TqsA from Escherichia coli, which belongs to the AI‐2 exporter superfamily, has been shown to export AI‐2. Here, we report the cryogenic electron microscopic structures of two AI‐2 exporters (TqsA and YdiK) from E. coli at 3.35 Å and 2.80 Å resolutions, respectively. Our structures suggest that the AI‐2 exporter exists as a homo‐pentameric complex. In silico molecular docking and native mass spectrometry experiments were employed to demonstrate the interaction between AI‐2 and TqsA, and the results highlight the functional importance of two helical hairpins in substrate binding. We propose that each monomer works as an independent functional unit utilizing an elevator‐type transport mechanism.
Free triiodothyronine/free thyroxine ratio in children with congenital hypothyroidism
Authors: Sydlik Carmen , Dubinski Ilja , Bechtold Susanne , Schmidt Heinrich
Published: June 2022

Thyroid-stimulating hormone is generally regarded as a standard parameter for the evaluation of thyroid function. However, relying on this hormone alone can be misleading. Therefore, thyroxine/free-thyroxine levels are used in patients with levothyroxine substitution for the adjustment of therapy. Even with normal values for free thyroxine, decreased values for the free-triiodothyronine/free-thyroxine ratio have already been described in adults. In this study, the free-triiodothyronine/free-thyroxine ratio of 25 children with congenital hypothyroidism was compared with 470 healthy children seen for other reasons and then for thyroid dysfunction. Mean free thyroxine in congenital hypothyroidism was just below the upper limit of normal and significantly higher than in control group. Mean values for free triiodothyronine showed no significant difference between the two groups. The mean value for the free triiodothyronine/free-thyroxine ratio in control group was 3.23. Significantly lower ratios were found in the congenital hypothyroidism group with a mean value of 2.5, due to higher values for free thyroxine compared to free triiodothyronine. Furthermore, an increased free triiodothyronine/free-thyroxine ratio was found at higher thyroid-stimulating hormone values due to lower values for free thyroxine. In this study, we demonstrate that the free triiodothyronine/free-thyroxine ratio was significantly lower in children with congenital hypothyroidism compared to the control group. This is most likely due to the higher values for free thyroxine in this group compared to similar values for free triiodothyronine in both groups. Further studies with differentiated thyroid hormone therapy are needed in order to understand the role of peripheral euthyroidism.
High C-reactive protein is associated with increased risk of biochemical hypogonadism: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Osmancevic Amar , Ottarsdottir Kristin , Hellgren Margareta , Lindblad Ulf , Daka Bledar
Published: June 2022

Context

Obesity seems to decrease levels of testosterone. It is still unknown what role inflammation plays in the secretion of testosterone in men.

Objective

The objective is to study the association between levels of C-reactive protein and testosterone and its role in predicting biochemical hypogonadism in men.

Design

This was a longitudinal observational study between 2002 and 2014 in Sweden.

Patients or other participants

At the first visit, a random population sample of 1400 men was included, and 645 men fulfilled a similar protocol at a 10-year follow-up visit. After exclusion, 625 men remained to be included in the final analyses.

Main outcome measure(s)

Serum concentrations of testosterone and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured at both visits. Bioavailable testosterone was calculated. Biochemical hypogonadism was defined as total testosterone levels <8 nmol/L.

Results

At the first visit and in the longitudinal analyses, a strong association was found between high levels of CRP and low levels of calculated bioavailable testosterone even after adjustments for age, waist–hip ratio, hypertension, smoking, type 2 diabetes, and leisuretime physical activity (B = −0.31, 95% CI −0.49 to −0.13, P = 0.001, B = −0.26, 95% CI −0.41 to −0.11, P = 0.001). Similarly, increase with one s.
d. in CRP was associated with increased risk of having hypogonadism after adjustment in the final model (odds ratio (OR) 1.76, 95% CI 1.12–2.78, P = 0.015, OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.16–2.78, P =0.008).

Conclusions

In this representative cohort of men in southwestern Sweden, high levels of CRP were longitudinally associated with low concentrations of calculated bioavailable testosterone and increased risk of biochemical hypogonadism.
The Transformation of RGB Images to Munsell Soil-Color Charts
Authors: Solís Martín , Muñoz-Alvarado Erick , Pegalajar María Carmen
Published: June 2022

[Objective] The transformation from RGB to Munsell color space is a relevant issue for different tasks, such as the identification of soil taxonomy, organic materials, rock materials, skin types, among others. This research aims to develop alternatives based on feedforward networks and the convolutional neural networks to predict the hue, value, and chroma in the Munsell soil-color charts (MSCCs) from RGB images. [Methodology] We used images of Munsell soil-color charts from 2000 and 2009 versions taken from Millota et al. (2018) to train and test the models. A division of 2856 images in 10% for testing, 20% for validation, and 70% for training was used to build the models. [Results] The best approach was the convolutional neural networks for classification with 93% of total accuracy of hue, value, and chroma combination; it comprises three CNN, one for the hue prediction, another for value prediction, and the last one for chroma prediction. However, the three best models show closeness between the prediction and real values according to the CIEDE2000 distance. The cases classified incorrectly with this approach had a CIEDE2000 average of 0.27 and a standard deviation of 1.06. [Conclusions] The models demonstrated better color recognition in uncontrolled environments than the Transformation of Centore, which is the classical method to transform from RGB to HVC. The results were promising, but the model should be tested with real images at different applications, such as soil real images, to classify the soil color.
Proprioseptif Nöromusküler Fasilitasyon Temelli Üst Ekstremite Egzersizlerinin Okçularda Üst Ekstremite Fiziksel Uygunluk Parametreleri ve Atış Performansına Etkisinin Araştırılması
Authors: BEREKET Esra , ARAS BAYRAM Gülay
Published: June 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı skapular stabilizasyon egzersizlerine ek olarak uygulanan proprioseptif nöromusküler fasilitasyon (PNF) egzersizlerinin okçularda üst ekstremite fiziksel uygunluk parametreleri ve atış performansı üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktır.Yöntem: Çalışmaya 9-14 yaş aralığında 32 okçu birey randomize olarak iki gruba ayrılarak dahil edildi. Kontrol grubuna (n=16) skapular stabilizasyon egzersizleri, Çalışma grubuna (n=16) skapular stabilizasyon egzersizlerine ek PNF egzersizleri verildi. Egzersiz protokolü, 6 hafta süresince haftada 3 kez uygulandı. Bireylerin egzersiz öncesi ve sonrasında kavrama kuvveti (El Dinamometresi), skapular kas kuvveti (el dinamometresi), üst ekstremite patlayıcı gücü (Sağlık Topu Fırlatma Testi), üst ekstremite enduransı (şınav testi) ve atış performansı değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Kontrol grubunda egzersiz sonrası skapular kas kuvveti, üst ekstremite patlayıcı gücü ve enduransı ile atış performansı değerlerinde anlamlı düzeyde artış sağlandı (p<0,05). Çalışma grubunda skapular kas kuvveti, üst ekstremite patlayıcı gücü ve enduransı, atış performansı değerlerinde anlamlı farklılık kaydedildi (p<0,05). Gruplar arası karşılaştırma yapıldığında atış performansındaki artış çalışma grubu lehine bulundu (p<0,05).Sonuç: Okçuların üst ekstremite fonksiyonelliği ve performansının arttırılmasında skapular stabilizasyon egzersiz eğitiminin etkili olduğu, eğitime PNF egzersizlerinin eklenmesi ile atış performansında daha fazla gelişme elde edildiği belirlendi.
A biomechanical analysis of differences between natural and clinical angle degrees and correlations to performance in road cycling
Authors: Büyükergün Aliye , Berisha Milaim
Published: June 2022

Background and Study Aim. The study aims to determine differences between natural and clinical angle degrees in hips and shoulders, and determination of the correlations between angle degrees and functional threshold power (FTP) in road cycling athletes. Material and Methods. The study includes 11 male road cycling athletes aged 14-16 years old. The volunteer's body weight average was determined as 68.5±14.58, body height average was 175.4±6.98, and body mass index average 21.8±3.87. Volunteers are active athletes in “Büyükçekmece Road Cycling Team”. To measure the performance of the cyclists clinical hip angle, clinical shoulder angle, hip angle degree, shoulder angle, functional threshold power (FTP) tests were used. The Kinovea 0.8.15 program was used in the data analysis of the variables in the study. Analyzes were performed using SPSS 26 analysis program. The analyses of the Shapiro Wilks test resulted in the normal distribution of the variables included in the study.  Correlations between FTP test parameters and angle degrees, the correlation of a continued variable were calculated with Pearson correlation. Results. A statistically significant correlation between functional threshold power parameters such as distance, power avarege, total energy, cadance avarege, speed avarege, functional threshold power, and hip angle degree parameter (p<0.05). Similarly, correlations between functional threshold power, parameters such as power avarege and back curve resulted to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Also, like an functional threshold power parameter, speed avarege resulted to be in a significant correlation with the clinical shoulders angle degree. Conclusions. Based on these results, increases in the FTP parameters may affect positively the cyclist’s performance helping to avoid undesirable hip angles, which may lead to back pain. Similarly, power average and back curve degree resulted to be in a correlation. Therefore, the back curve degree may be increased or decreased by the changes in the power average parameter.  In addition, during the high intensity of training and fatigue levels increased, the clinical hip and shoulder angles were also increased.
Development, validation, and reliability of athletes’ resilience index
Authors: Khalid Nur Haziyanti M. , Rasyid Nelfianty M. , Ahmad Yusop
Published: June 2022

Background and Study Aim. The ability to turn back from stressful experiences quickly and efficiently is essential for any athlete who performs in high-level competition. Measuring the degree to which athletes deal with adversity, setbacks, and failure has become the area of concern in the field of resilience. The main aim of the study was to develop, validate and test the reliability of a new index of measurement that can evaluate the level of athletes’ resilience.

Material and Methods. The first phase of the study is developing 37 items of the Athletes Resilience Index (ARI-37) based on previous qualitative data. Meanwhile, in the second phase, the study focused on establishing the Confirmatory Factor Analysis, convergent validity, and construct reliability of the index. The sample consisted of 351 Performance Development athletes who represent the state of Perak, Malaysia in the Malaysian Games (SUKMA) 2022.

Results. Confirmatory Factor Analysis retained five risk issues in sports setting including performance, change, behavioral, psychological, and interpersonal. However, instead of 37 items, the Confirmatory Factor Analysis confirmed 26 items only. Most of the factors in ARI-26 yielded a high coefficient value of convergent validity (>0.5). Construct reliability of the index was also sufficient (0.44 to 0.62).

Conclusions. The development of ARI-26 will allow researchers to better capture the unique aspects of resilience in the sports context. Thus, the Athletes’ Resilience Index (ARI-26) is revealed to be a reliable instrument for the assessment of resilience levels in high-level athletes.
Effect of mango kernel seed starch-based active edible coating functionalized with lemongrass essential oil on the shelf-life of guava fruit
Authors: Yadav Ajay , Kumar Nishant , Upadhyay Ashutosh , Singh Anurag , Anurag Rahul Kumar , Pandiselvam R.
Published: June 2022

In the present investigation, the mango kernel seed starch-based edible coating was developed combined with different concentrations of lemongrass essential oil (EO). The effects of different edible coating formulations, such as T1 (2% mango kernel seed starch); T2 (2% mango kernel seed starch + 0.25% lemongrass essential oil); T3 (2% mango kernel seed starch + 0.5% lemongrass essential oil); and T4 (2% mango kernel seed starch + 1% lemongrass essential oil), were investigated for physiological, physiochemical, and microbiological properties of fresh guava fruit stored at 23 ± 2°C and a relative humidity of 85 ± 5% for up to 9 days. Results of the present study revealed that the mango kernel seed starch edible coating combined with lemongrass essential oil was effective in enhancing the storage life of guava fruit by maintaining their quality attributes. Treatment of mango kernel seed starch with 0.5% lemongrass essential oil (T3) was the most significant (P < 0.05) treatment to reduce physiological loss in weight and oxidation rate while maintaining the physiochemical characteristics, such as acidity, total soluble solids, textural property, phenolic contents, and sensory profiles of stored guava fruit samples, followed by T4 treatment. The microbial load of yeast and mold was also reduced by T3 and T4 treatments. All coating treatments were potent to enhance the storage life of guava fruit with improving post-harvest quality attributes for up to 9 days of storage. However, retention of higher quality of fruit was observed with T3 treatment.
Homological aspects of formal triangular matrix rings
Authors: MAO Lixin
Published: June 2022

Let $T=\biggl(\begin{matrix} A&0\\U&B\end{matrix}\biggr)$ be a formal triangular matrix ring, where $A$ and $B$ are rings and $U$ is a $(B, A)$-bimodule. We first give some computing formulas of projective, injective, flat and $FP$-injective dimensions of special left $T$-modules. Then we establish some formulas of (weak) global dimensions of $T$. It is proven that (1) If $U_{A}$ is flat and $_{B}U$ is projective, $lD(A)\neq lD(B)$, then $lD(T)={\rm max}\{lD(A),lD(B)\}$; (2) If $U_{A}$ and $_{B}U$ are flat, $wD(A)\neq wD(B)$, then $wD(T)={\rm max}\{wD(A),wD(B)\}$.
Geometric properties of normalized Rabotnov function
Authors: SÜMER EKER Sevtap , ECE Sadettin
Published: June 2022

In the present paper, our aim is to study geometric properties of normalized Rabotnov functions. For this purpose, we determined sufficient conditions for univalency, close-to-convexity, convexity and starlikeness of the normalized Rabotnov functions in the open unit disk.
Does Participation in High Risk Behaviors Create More Intimate Adolescent Friendships?
Authors:   ,   Portland State University, Babby Hayden
Published: June 2022

This study seeks to understand adolescent participation in high risk behaviors and if participation in these behaviors leads to more intimate adolescent friendships. Homophily, the tendency to seek associations with others who are similar to ourselves, and the fear of rejection are both possible causes for the relationship between these variables. Due to a research gap between these two, this study utilizes previous research to construct a survey that can be used to measure and quantify high risk behaviors and friendships.
Modeling Effective Shade to Prioritize Riparian Restoration Efforts in the Johnson Creek Watershed, OR
Authors:   ,   Portland State University, Sahatjian Brittany
Published: June 2022

The influence of stream temperature on the survival and reproductive success of anadromous salmonid populations has become an increasingly concerning issue in the Pacific Northwest. Enhancing the height, density and extent of riparian vegetation is widely accepted as one of the most effective strategies for reducing stream temperatures, while also providing numerous ancillary benefits. Effective shade is defined as the percentage of direct beam solar radiation attenuated and scattered by riparian vegetation before reaching the stream surface and is a commonly used criterion for choosing where to restore riparian vegetation. This project aims to prioritize sites for riparian restoration through effective shade modeling within the geographic extent of the Johnson Creek watershed. Modeling inputs included a limited set of channel morphology and riparian vegetation attributes and were sampled from high spatial resolution LiDAR derived raster datasets (3 ft.) using Python script programming tools. A separate raster was created to depict restored conditions, in which the height of all restorable riparian vegetation is set equal to 27 meters. Using the stream temperature model, Heat Source, effective shade simulations were performed along the mainstem Johnson Creek and all tributary streams over the duration of a single day in August. Model outputs provided effective shade and daily solar flux attenuation estimates under current and restored conditions, the difference of which represented the net benefit, in terms of shade, that would result from restoration. Model outputs were used to evaluate the current level of effective shade in the watershed and to prioritize restoration efforts at the taxlot, subwatershed and jurisdictional scale. Currently, effective shade is 73% on average for all streams in watershed. Under a restoration scenario, 544.9 acres would be restored resulting in the additional solar flux reduction of 209,118.9 watts/m2/d. Restoring only 22% of all taxlots or 21% of all restorable acres would accomplish 50% of the cumulative solar flux reduction. Restoring 38% of all taxlots or 55% of all restorable acres would accomplish 90% of the cumulative solar flux reduction. Prioritizing at the taxlot scale, as opposed to subwatersheds or jurisdictions, promotes a higher level of efficiency in the prioritization of restoration efforts. All taxlots should be further screened prior to final prioritization for opportunistic prospects such as landowner willingness, community support or proximity to existing restoration projects, and fundraising opportunities.
Alternatives for trellis systems and pruning of Blackberry: yield and fruit quality in the Southwest region of Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Martins Wesley Alves , Santos Silvia Correa , Jara Raul Sanchez , Santos Cleberton Correia , Biscaro Guilherme Augusto
Published: June 2022

Abstract The cultivation of blackberry trees has been increasing in Brazil, making it necessary to establish management and crop treatments in order to enhance its production. The aim of this study is to evaluate the production and quality of blackberry fruits cv. ‘Tupy’ regarding pruning seasons and trellis systems in the Southwest region of Mato Grosso do Sul. The experiment was developed with evaluations in two production cycles (2013 and 2014). Three trellis systems were studied: C1 – Double-wire trellis, C2 – single-wire trellis, and C3 – ‘T’ trellis; and the following three winter pruning times in both production cycles: P1: 07/12; P2: 07/27; and P3: 08/11. Production performances were similar within each year. In 2013, the harvest period ranged from 10/22/2013 to 01/07/2014, while in 2014 the period ranged from 09/24/2014 to 12/12/2014. In 2014, the highest fruit production per plant occurred when P3 was performed. Cultivation using the Double-wire trellis system (C1) produced 11,669.43 and 3,465.98 kg, while the single-wire trellis system (C2) produced 11,965.53 and 3,373.87 kg in 2013 and 2014, respectively. The highest pH of fruits was observed when pruning was conducted in P1 using the ‘T’ trellis system. Double-wire trellis contributes in higher results of production blackberry in the Southwest region of Mato Grosso do Sul.
A proteção à indústria automobilística na Europa e no Mercosul
Authors: ARAÚJO JR. JOSÉ TAVARES DE
Published: June 2022

RESUMO A indústria automobilística é um oligopólio internacional que tem uma longa tradição de influenciar negociações comerciais e políticas nacionais. Devido ao tamanho do setor e às ligações de produção, as decisões de investimento tomadas pelas montadoras geralmente geram consequências econômicas que podem ser facilmente transformadas em poder político. Este artigo discute as regras implementadas pela União Europeia nesta década para enfrentar esse desafio, destaca as diferenças em relação às medidas aplicadas pelo governo brasileiro desde 1995 e sugere que as políticas europeias sejam especialmente adequadas ao Mercosul.
Perspectivas de longo prazo da economia brasileira: uma análise exploratória
Authors: FERREIRA PEDRO C.
Published: June 2022

RESUMO Este artigo utiliza a estrutura da Teoria do Crescimento Endógeno para examinar as perspectivas de longo prazo da economia brasileira. Estudamos o comportamento dessas variáveis identificadas pela teoria como centrais para o desenvolvimento. O artigo argumenta que o desempenho do sistema educacional brasileiro é ruim, mesmo para os padrões da América Latina. Ainda existem muitas restrições de mercado e outras barreiras ao comércio e à adoção de tecnologia. Os serviços e investimentos em infraestrutura são deficientes e o sistema tributário muito concentrado e distorcido. Portanto, embora esses fatores persistam, não é provável que o país cresça a taxas sustentáveis comparáveis às experimentadas duas décadas atrás. No entanto, a privatização dos setores de infraestrutura pode estimular um boom temporário à medida que o investimento aumenta para satisfazer a demanda reprimida.
Concorrência e elementos subjetivos
Authors: POSSAS MARIA SILVIA
Published: June 2022

RESUMO Este trabalho trata da importância de elementos subjetivos no processo produtivo capitalista. Geralmente agrupados como conhecimento e reputação, eles têm maneiras peculiares de poder gerar poder de troca para seus proprietários. Algumas consequências dessas particularidades são examinadas.