bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Walking as Kinaesthetic Experience of the City
Authors: González Edna Hernández , Monnet Jérôme
Published: January 2018

In the last few years, the design of public spaces has been increasingly considering the multisensory experience of the environment by the users, in particular by trying to create attractive or comfortable “ambiances.” This chapter aims at clarifying some notions used by researchers and practitioners to analyze the city experience with regards to the practice of walking. The aforementioned analysis is aimed to serve the study of the lived space and also for future urban and architectural designs.
Immersive Journalism Design Within a Transmedia Space
Authors: Rodríguez Nohemí Lugo
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this chapter is to contribute to the theoretical frame of transmedia journalism by proposing a question-based model that focuses on transmedia design when an immersive journalism piece is integrated into a transmedia space. Immersive journalism is a new medium that could be effectively used to foster social empathy by means of virtual reality stories in journalism. The chapter is guided by the following ideas: (1) narrative strategies that may be useful in the design of immersive journalism experiences; (2) aesthetic principles of immersive experiences; and (3) inclusion of an immersive experience in a transmedia space. Thus, this chapter reviews the narrative techniques and aesthetics of immersive experiences that might contribute to the design of both the immersive piece and the transmedia space.
Future of Food
Authors: Godulla Alexander , Wolf Cornelia
Published: January 2018

The National Geographic Society (NGS) has always sought to incorporate new ways of media production into its working routine, thus defining standards of journalism both in technical and narrative terms. As a logical result, the NGS also relies on cross media strategies, focusing on transmedia storytelling in order to connect its audience. The “Future of Food” project is one of the largest transmedia projects in journalism. The chapter first outlines the concept of transmedia storytelling and discusses 10 qualities in the context of journalism. Secondly, the authors systematically discuss the case study “Future of Food” by applying the transmedia qualities to the project. This provides insights into the modes and combinations of story elements and allows to draw attention to challenges and opportunities for researchers, producers, and users.
The Transmedia Dynamics of TV3
Authors: Alzamora Geane C.
Published: January 2018

The newscast “Especial 9-N,” produced by TV3 (Catalonia) in association with TV3's news channel 3/24, presents transmediatic components by combining multiplatform journalistic coverage and citizen participation in online social media. The program aired on November 9, 2014, the date of the non-binding referendum on the sovereignty of Catalonia, held by Generalitat, the regional government. This chapter discusses in what measure the editorial strategy adopted optimized social engagement with the news and favored the circulation of broadcast journalism on online social media. The analysis was based on the systematic observation of the program and its records on online social media, to assess the nature and the intensity of the communicational activity. It was concluded that TV3's institutional identification with aspects related to the region's sovereignty, in the context of significant social mobilization around the theme, fostered transmedia circulation and social engagement with the news story.
Employment Protection Legislation in Emerging Economies
Authors: Amine Samir , Predelus Wilner
Published: January 2018

With emerging economies facing significant lags in the use of information technology to improve their productivity and compete with industrialized economies, the availability of relatively lower-cost labor in the emerging economies is considered a powerful asset that can compensate for their technological disadvantage. However, regulating the labor market often proves to be rather challenging as it is important that a balance be struck between protecting workers and stimulating economic growth. This chapter analyzes the literature on labor market regulations in the emerging economies to observe that the trade-off between employment protection legislation (EPL), job creation, productivity, and innovation often cited in the literature is not conclusive.
Labor Protection in Mexico
Authors: Delgado Jose Ernesto Rangel , Boncheva Antonina Ivanova
Published: January 2018

If one looks for a representative emerging economy to examine the different effects of labor reforms, Mexico provides an important case study. In order to boost economic recovery, the government promoted infrastructure spending, transfers to development banks, support to small and medium-sized enterprises, and to the export sector. As usual labor-management relations are uneven in Mexico and union issues can be complex, to reduce the negative consequences related to the sharp increase of unemployment, the government tried to focus more on the generation of employment introducing several measures such as training and temporary jobs to facilitate the withdrawal of savings from the mandatory individual pension accounts, coverage of the medical insurance and maternity benefits for dismissed workers, among others. But, challenges such as the informal economy, minimum wage convenience, flexible labor contracts, entrepreneur vulnerability, and higher education labor market have to be faced.
Employment Protection Legislation and Unemployment in Botswana
Authors: Siphambe Happy , Kolobe Mavis , Oageng Itumeleng Primrose
Published: January 2018

Botswana has experienced phenomenon economic growth and structural transformation since independence. Despite the achievement in terms of economic growth, the country has had challenges with unemployment averaging 20% and being quite high for youth. The labour laws have changed over time to conform to international standards. The current changes have, however, not been positive in terms of labour relations with the transition from consultative system to collective bargaining almost forestalled. The labour movement has been quite weak. The labour laws have had mixed impact on employment and the labour market and employment creation. The chapter makes key recommendations on how Botswana's labour environment can be transformed based on international experience. Key recommendations are towards employment creation and improving the social dialogue space, especially for labour as the weaker party. This should go a long way in increasing labour productivity and dealing with the persistent problem of poor work ethic.
The Social Protection Agenda and the Burden of Responsibility and Sustainability
Authors: Adebisi Moses Adesola
Published: January 2018

Social protection represents part of the global agenda of the International Labour Organization in its concerted attempt to improve and promote global labour standards, labour rights as human rights, and reduce poverty. The situation of African countries is precarious given the poor state of their economies, poor national incomes, and the widespread state of poverty. In addition, most African countries south of the Sahara have poor databases on vital statistics, security insecurity, mono-cultural economies, and the failure to effectively entrench governance and democratic institutions and reforms, amongst others. How could the problem of corruption, graft, theft of public funds, and the cumbersome bureaucratic bottlenecks that are so prevalent in Africa be minimized if not eliminated? The chapter, therefore, anchors its analysis on two African countries: Nigeria and Ghana. But how can social protection be funded in a sustainable way? These are the objectives that are being pursued in this chapter.
Diversity Management
Authors: Mehra Srishty , Sharma Karan
Published: January 2018

The subject of workplace diversity came to the consideration of the academic and business world in the 1990s. “Variety is the spice of life.” Everyone would agree with the need for diversity, so the issue is not with the concept, but in how we make use of this concept at work, especially when there is polarization between people who are working together, leading to conflict and disharmony. Diversity management emphasizes valuing and building on individual differences in order for all employees to reach their maximum potential and represents an important step away from the legal compliance-oriented equal employment opportunity. Since the current literature reveals that these practices often result in backlash and that minority employees tend to feel excluded at the workplace, a necessity emerges to investigate individual level factors of LMs that may influence these processes.
Gender Diversity in Board of Directors
Authors: Akca Meltem , Çalışkan Burcu Özge Özaslan
Published: January 2018

Gender diversity in corporate governance is a popular topic in management environment studies. One of the most significant components of this concept is women in boards. Due to the inequalities of women in boards there are a number of academic studies on women in top management. This chapter explains gender diversification problem in boards. Furthermore, reasons for workforce diversity in decision-making levels are determined. The role and critical mass of women members in different cultures are discussed. Finally, it introduces the representation levels of women in the boards of BIST 100 companies in Turkey. Data is obtained from annual reports, websites, and related documents of companies.
Handling the Dataflow in Business Process Models
Authors: Bruno Giorgio
Published: January 2018

This chapter stresses the importance of the dataflow in business process models and illustrates a notation called DMA that is meant to fulfill two major goals: promoting the integration between business processes and information systems and leveraging the dataflow to provide flexibility in terms of human decisions. The first goal is fulfilled by considering both tasks and business entities as first-class citizens in process models. Business entities form the dataflow that interconnects the tasks: tasks take the input entities from the input dataflow and deliver the output entities to the output dataflow. Human decisions encompass the selection of the input entities when a task needs more than one, and the selection of the task with which to handle the input entities when two or more tasks are admissible. DMA provides a number of patterns that indicate how tasks affect the dataflow. In addition, two compound patterns, called macro tasks, can be used to represent task selection issues. An example related to an order handling process illustrates the notation.
Defining Cyber Weapon in Context of Technology and Law
Authors: Mali Prashant
Published: January 2018

This article describes how the interconnected world of today, or the cyber space so often called, is easily accessible through a wide array of devices and has an impact and reach beyond geo-political boundaries Owing to high levels of connectivity and the nature of E-governance activities today, the cyber space is rapidly becoming a potential global battlefield for cyber warfare among various state and non-state entities. An effective cyber weapon in this space is like an indicator of cyber power, its nature being offensive or defensive. Parameters of effectiveness and reliability range from the type of developer of the weapon, whether state or non-state to its longevity in time and technology and others like possibility of an economic implementation along with the scope of its usage. This article is aimed at analyzing existing definitions, opinions and notions about cyber weapons and defining the term cyber weapon from a techno-legal perspective, which could be universally acceptable and have characteristics of enforceability across all domains: civil, criminal & defense applications.
The Lessons of Human Resource in The Theory of Constraints
Authors: Galli Brian J.
Published: January 2018

This article describes how human resource management is a field encompassing the interactions between people working within an organization. This area incorporates the process of acquiring, training, appraising, and compensating employees as well as attending to their labor relations, health and safety, and fairness concerns. In this article, the roles of human resource management and how they impact the overall business are discussed in three sections. The first section uses Eli Goldratt's The Goal as a template to discuss the functions of human resource. The second section discusses how technology impacts human resource management. Lastly, the third section discusses human resource management's ability to create continuous improvements and increase overall quality.
A Finite Element Analysis on Metal Ball Effect on Dynamics of a Ball Bearing
Authors: Huang Bo Wun , Chen Jia Sheng , Huang Zhi Yin , Lin Nan Wen
Published: January 2018

The bearings are widely used in the rotating machinery systems to support the mechanical, structural for system. In a high rotating speed, the spindle to be stable rotating is dependent on a high performance bearing. Therefore, the dynamic characteristic of a ball bearing is very importance and need to study. In this work, the dynamic characteristic of a ball bearing is focused to study. Because the geometric of ball bearing are so complex, the finite element analysis is employed to investigate. By using the finite element analysis software ANSYS, the bearings meshed model can be setup. The dynamic properties, natural frequency and mode shape of ball and global system, can be studied to improve the high spindle rotating stable performance. Numerical indicates that the stress, strain and dynamics of the ball bearing system can be investigated in this finite element model.
Fundamentals of Methodology of Development of the Technical Theory of Natural and Technical Systems in Use of Water Resources
Authors: Stefanenko I.V. , Semenova E.A. , Klimenko O.V. , Bondarenko V.A.
Published: January 2018

On the basis of results of natural-technical system’s researches «Natural Environment - Object of Activity – Population» on the use of water resources, the predominating integrity role as the dominant principle of functioning of this class of systems is determined.
Finite Element Simulation of Hot Forging Process for KVBM Gear
Authors: Wangchaichune Sethapong , Suranuntchai Surasak
Published: January 2018

In this study, the forging operations of gear has been modeled. This gear is a part which is manufactured with the help of hot forging industry for reduce the cost. The authors propose to reduce the initial billet volume of AISI 4340 steel for the forged through process optimization using the Finite Element (FE)method. The object of this research was to predict the effect of several parameters, such as effective stress, effective plastic strain, temperature and die contact, on the forming of the gear, utilizing computer simulation and experimental results. For this purpose, Solidworks CAD and Simufact Forming FE software were used for the modeling and analysis of the forging process. The billet volume and the preform design were predefined in order to reduce scrap by using preform type C. The experimental results showed that the initial billet volume was reduced at 32 %, which compared favorably with the simulation result of a 40 % reduction. The maximum preforming force of simulation result was diferent with the experiment result at 18 along with the maximum finishing force of simulation result was different with the experiment result at 11 %. It was also found that the effective stress decreased with increasing the temperature, and the press force decreased when the initial billet volume was decreased, which resulted in a decrease of effective plastic strain as well.
Hydrogen Influence on Microstructure, Corrosion Resistance and Mechanical Properties of Low Alloy Steel and Explosively Cladded Steel Used for Hydrogen Storage Salt Caverns
Authors: Gloc Michał , Szwed Maciej , Zagórski Andrzej , Mizera Jaroslaw
Published: January 2018

The aim of this work was to investigate whether the low alloy steel and the explosively welded metals used for salt caverns equipment's are susceptible to hydrogen degradation. The materials described in this article are cheap and widely used 09G2S low alloy steel and titanium grade1 as a clad material for its superior resistance to corrosive environment joined explosively with low alloy steel S355J2+N. It was observed that at the explosive bonded interface between the base steel and the stainless steel some local melting zones are formed. It was found that the cathodic hydrogen charging causes changes in the microstructure of low alloy steel and decreases the shear strength of bonds and tensile stress as well as the corrosion resistance of clads.
Growth and Characteristics of High Quality (200) and (111) Orientations Cubic Structure MgZnO Thin Films by Pulse Laser Deposition (PLD) Method
Authors: Han Shun , Peng Sai , Cao Pei Jiang , Liu Wen Jun , Zeng Yu Xiang , Jia Fang , Zhu De Liang , Lu You Ming
Published: January 2018

High quality (200) and (111) orientations cubic MgZnO thin films were made on (200) and (111) orientations MgO substrates separately under different condition with higher and lower migration energy of reactive atoms separately. The crystal quality of (111) orientation MgZnO thin film is higher than (200) one because of the stronger horizontal migration of atoms on (111) surface under high temperature condition, the surface of (200) orientation MgZnO thin film is smoother than (111) orientation one because of lower vertical growth speed of (200) MgZnO grains. The band gap of (111) orientation MgZnO thin film is smaller than (200) one because of more Zn atoms in (111) orientation MgZnO lattice than that in (200) ones. This paper gives an effective method to improve crystal quality of different orientation MgZnO thin film under different condition, which is meaningful in application of cubic MgZnO in different areas.
Modeling and Calibration of the Orthogonality Deviation between the "X" and "Y" Axes of Coordinate Measuring Machines
Authors: de Morais César Augusto Galvão , da Silva Bertolini Marilia , di Giacomo Benedito
Published: January 2018

The increase of the quality in a productive process allows reduction of costs besides adding value to the product. When manufacturing a product within the tolerances specified in the design it is possible to obtain a correct operation of this product, ensuring the minimum time of use and with a lower risk of early failure. In this sense, machines and equipments involved in the manufacturing and inspection processes must also maintain an acceptable quality of operation by knowing the errors present in the machine structure through the calibration, such as errors due to lack of orthogonality between the axes, caused by inaccurate assemblies. The calibration errors in these machines allow elaborate error compensation plans and thus improve the rate of flawless products in production. The objective of this paper was to identify the influence of errors due to a lack of orthogonality in a bridge type coordinate measuring machine (CMM) through calibration and mathematical modeling of errors. Error calibration is performed with a linear displacement transducer, a granite square and a set support brackets for the granite square. By means of the calibration data and the mathematical modeling of the orthogonality deviation an influence of the measured deviation on the "X" and "Y" directions of the CMM is obtained. The error due to the lack of orthogonality between the "X" and "Y" axes of the CMM was approximately 8.9558 negative arcoseg; in this way, it is evidenced that the angle formed between these axes is 89.9975°. Through this study it can be concluded that orthogonality deviation in the main plane of the machine produces negative components for the axes "X" and "Y", with higher influence on the points collected as it away from machine scales, making greater the error intensity on the results of measurements made at positions farthest from the "X" and "Y" scales.
Numerical Study of NACA 0012 Aeroacoustics Response for Normal and Icing Conditions
Authors: Caicedo Edison H. , Virk Muhammad S.
Published: January 2018

This paper describes a multiphase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based numerical study about aeroacoustics response of NACA0012 airfoil for both normal and icing conditions. Three different turbulence models (RANS, DES & LES) are tested where Detached Eddy simulation (DES) turbulence modelling approach is found suitable for this case study. Aeroacoustics numerical results for clean NACA 0012 are compared with the experimental data obtained from NASA report 1218 [1], where a good agreement is found. An extended CFD study is carried out for iced NACA 0012 airfoil, where results show more boundary layer flow separation in case of iced blade profile that leads to a change in the aerodynamic characteristics of the blade profile and increase in sound level for iced airfoil as compared to the clean NACA0012 airfoil.
Hybrid Adhesives Filled with Functionalized and Non Functionalized Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Figueroa-Lara José de Jesús , Torres-Rodríguez Miguel , Gutiérrez-Arzaluz Mirella
Published: January 2018

Hybrid adhesives epoxy-silica-zirconia were prepared and applied to bond aluminum sheet specimens. Silica nanoparticles were synthesized with the sol-gel “in situ” technique utilizing two different precursors, namely tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and 3 glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS). Zirconia nanoparticles were prepared also with sol-gel technique and added to the hybrid adhesives before curing. The adhesive properties of the prepared materials were improved after performing several physical and chemical treatments to the aluminium specimens. The best apparent shear strength tests were for the adhesive hybrid materials prepared at 100°C with TEOS.
Development of a pre-cooked supplementary food using Palmyrah tuber
Authors: Piratheepan S. , Sangheetha S. , Srivijeindran S. , Perera O. D. A. N. , Jayasinghe C. V. L.
Published: January 2018

Incorporation of legumes and tuber flours could improve the protein quality and energy content of traditional supplementary foods prepared mainly from cereals such as maize and sorghum in the developing countries. This study focused on developing a nutritious supplementary food using staple cereals, legumes and palmyrah tuber. “PalmyrahNutrimix” was formulated from the flour of cowpea, chickpea, sesame, green gram, soya bean and palmyrah tuber. Palmyrah tuber flour was obtained through tuber boiling, sun drying and milling process. Sugar and palmyrah tuber flour were optimized via 25 treatments. Sensory evaluation results revealed that three formulae consisting of sugar (19.4%) with different ratio of boiled and dried palmyrah tuber flour (15.9%, 18.2% and 20.3%) scored the highest mean rank sum (71.6), which complies with the Sri Lankan standards for energy (468.37 kcal/100g), protein (15.66%), fat (10.08%), fiber (4.75%) and carbohydrate (61.15%). The total phenolic content (61.0±2.0 mg gallic acid equivalent/100g) confirmed the positive functional properties of the product. Water activity of the product (0.46) assured the keeping quality of the supplementary food mix. Glycemic Index (GI) values of the product with sugar and without sugar were 64.00 ± 1.90 and 50.50 ± 1.26, respectively. Low GI value (50.50) showed that without sugar, product could be given to people with diabetes. The market survey conducted with 30 families indicated that they preferred “PalmyrahNutrimix”, which scored for sensory attributes better than market available products. Shelf life of the product was at acceptable level in both HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) and MPS (Metalized Polystyrene) packaging materials for a period of six months. This study concludes that “PalmyrahNutrimix” meets Sri Lankan standards as a supplementary food with sufficient consumer acceptability and keeping quality.
Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and starch digestion rate of the organically- and non-organically grown traditional rice varieties in Sri Lanka
Authors: Hemanthi T. L. H. S. , Dalukdeniya D. A. C. K. , Rupasinghe C. P. , Rathnayake R. M. U. S. K.
Published: January 2018

The study was designed to assess the total phenolic content (TPC), free radical scavenging activity, antimicrobial property and in vitro starch digestion rate of three traditional rice varieties grown organically and non-organically in Sri Lanka. The 70% ethanol extractions of rice were subjected to TPC, DPPH - free radical scavenging assays to determine antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial susceptible test against three bacteria, namely, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus to determine antimicrobial properties. Starch digestion of cooked rice samples were evaluated under in vitro conditions. Both TPC and free radical scavenging activity was significantly higher (P<0.05) in organically produced traditional rice while the non-organically produced traditional rice samples showed a significantly higher (P<0.05) antimicrobial activity against S. typhi and S. aureus. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the in vitro starch digestion rate between the two groups. Though the study only considered traditional rice varieties, the results suggested that organically produced traditional rice samples performed better than those non-organically produced, with regard to the antioxidant properties such as TPC and free radical scavenging activity. The Madathawalu cultivar performed superior role in total phenolic content, free radical scavenging activity and Glycemic Index compared to that of two other traditional rice varieties, namely, Suwandel and Handiran.
CD11b+ Dendritic Cell–Mediated Anti–Mycobacterium tuberculosis Th1 Activation Is Counterregulated by CD103+ Dendritic Cells via IL-10
Authors: Lai Rocky , Jeyanathan Mangalakumari , Afkhami Sam , Zganiacz Anna , Hammill Joanne A. , Yao Yushi , Kaushic Charu , Xing Zhou
Published: January 2018

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the pathogen causing pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in humans, has evolved to delay Th1 immunity in the lung. Although conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) are known to be critical to the initiation of T cell immunity, the differential roles and molecular mechanisms of migratory CD11b+ and CD103+ cDC subsets in anti–M. tuberculosis Th1 activation remain unclear. Using a murine model of pulmonary M. tuberculosis infection, we found that slow arrival of M. tuberculosis–bearing migratory CD11b+ and CD103+ cDCs at the draining lymph nodes preceded the much-delayed Th1 immunity and protection in the lung. Contrary to their previously described general roles in Th polarization, CD11b+ cDCs, but not CD103+ cDCs, were critically required for Th1 activation in draining lymph nodes following M. tuberculosis infection. CD103+ cDCs counterregulated CD11b+ cDC–mediated Th1 activation directly by producing the immune-suppressive cytokine IL-10. Thus, our study provides new mechanistic insights into differential Th immune regulation by migratory cDC subsets and helps to develop novel vaccines and therapies.
Proximate, phytochemical screening and mineral analysis of Crescentia cujete L. leaves
Authors: Olaniyi Musbau B. , Lawal Ibraheem O. , Olaniyi Aishat A.
Published: January 2018

Background: One of the uses of Crescentia cujete leaves is in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, which necessitated the evaluation of its chemical composition.Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the chemical composition of C. cujete leaves.Setting: Fresh, mature leaves were harvested from the Herbal Garden, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Jericho Hill, Ibadan, Nigeria. The plant samples were identified at Forest Herbarium, Ibadan, Nigeria, sorted to eliminate extraneous matter and then air-dried on a cabinet dryer for five days at ambient temperature and oven-dried at 40°C for five minutes. The dried leaves were milled to powder using a medium-sized milling machine and stored in an air-tight container until needed for analysis.Methods: The proximate composition, phytochemical screening and mineral analysis were determined using standard analytic methods. Minerals such as iron, zinc, calcium, manganese and magnesium were determined by the atomic absorption spectrophotometer; sodium and potassium by the flame photometer and phosphorus by the spectrophotometer.Results: The proximate analysis results revealed that the samples contained carbohydrate (40.46%), crude protein (16.15%), crude fibre (19.71%), crude fat (2.91%), ash (9.77%) and moisture (11.03%), while the phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of cardiac glycosides, saponins, tannins, anthraquinones and flavonoids. The mineral compositions (mg/g) decreased in the order Ca (6.0) > K (5.0) > Mg (2.2) > P (1.5) > Na (0.2) > Fe = Zn (0.6) > Cu = Mn (0.03).Conclusion: These results conceivably indicate that C. cujete is a good source of essential minerals and phyto-nutrients which possess strong pharmacological activities, providing scientific credence for its therapeutic usage in folklore medicine.
Primary cutaneous non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, clinically mimicking a soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Gupta Prajwala , Agarwal Poojan , Ahuja Arvind , Durga C. K.
Published: January 2018

Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (PCBCL) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with distinct biology and clinical course when compared to their nodal counterparts. They usually present as violaceous, erythematous plaques, and nonulcerated nodules, which are confined to skin at the time of presentation. We present an unusual case of primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, clinically mimicking a sarcoma. This case highlights the uncommon aggressive behavior and ulcerated type of nodular lesions seen in PCBCL and also revisits the cytomorphological findings of the same.
О нижних оценках на степень разветвленных накрытий многообразий
Authors: Gugnin Dmitry Vladimirovich
Published: January 2018

Рассматривается задача о нахождении новых нижних оценок
на степень разветвленных накрытий многообразий в терминах
колец когомологий этих многообразий. Эта задача близка
проблеме М. Громова о доминировании многообразий, однако
является более тонкой. Любое (конечнолистное) разветвленное
накрытие многообразий является доминированием, но не наоборот
(даже с точностью до гомотопии). В работе развиваются теория
и приложения классического понятия "групповой трансфер"
и трансфер разветвленных накрытий на основе теории
$n$-гомоморфизмов градуированных алгебр.
Основным результатом работы является лемма, накладывающая
условия на связь мультипликативных структур когомологий
тотального пространства и базы $n$-листных разветвленных
накрытий многообразий и, более общо, $n$-листных разветвленных
накрытий по Смиту-Дольду. В качестве следствия показано, что
минимальная степень $n$ разветвленного накрытия $N$-мерного
тора $T^N$ над произведением $k$ штук $2$-сфер и одной
$(N-2k)$-сферы при условии $N\ge 4k+2$ удовлетворяет
неравенству $n\ge N-2k$. В то время как известная оценка
Берстейна-Эдмондса 1978 года дает только $n\ge N/(k+1)$.
Библиография: 10 названий.
Логарифмическое неравенство
Authors: Kalachev Gleb Vyacheslavovich , Sadov Sergey Yur'evich
Published: January 2018

Доказано неравенство
\begin{align*}
\ln\ln(r-\ln r)+1
&<\min_{0<x\le r-1}
(\ln x+ x^{-1}\ln(r-x))

&<\ln\ln(r-\ln(r-2^{-1}\ln r))+1,\qquad где\quad r>2.
\end{align*}
Описана задача комбинаторной оптимизации,
в которой возникает минимизируемая здесь функция.
Библиография: 8 названий.
Аналог теоремы Брауна-Шрейбера-Тейлора
для взвешенных гиперболических сдвигов
Authors: Volchkov Valerii Vladimirovich , Volchkov Vitalii Vladimirovich
Published: January 2018

В данной работе на основе развития техники
трансмутационных отображений получен первый весовой аналог
известной теоремы Брауна-Шрейбера-Тейлора
о собственных функциях лапласиана для соответствующих пространств
непрерывных функций на гиперболической плоскости.
Библиография: 22 названия.
О гомеоморфизме прямой Зоргенфрея $S$ и ее модификации $S_P$
Authors: Sukhacheva Elena Sergeevna , Khmyleva Tat'ana Evgen'evna
Published: January 2018

В данной работе рассматривается топологическое пространство $S_P$,
которое является модификацией прямой Зоргенфрея $S$ и
определяется следующим образом: если точка $x\in P\subset S$,
то базой окрестностей точки $x$ является семейство полуинтервалов
$\{[x,x+\varepsilon), \varepsilon>0\}$; если $x\in S\setminus P$,
то базой окрестностей точки $x$ является семейство полуинтервалов
$\{(x-\varepsilon,x], \varepsilon>0\}$. Получено необходимое и
достаточное условие, при котором пространство $S_P$
гомеоморфно пространству $S$. Подобные вопросы рассматривались
в работе В. А. Чатырко и И. Хаттори, где база окрестностей точки
$x \in P$ определяется как для естественной топологии прямой.
Библиография: 9 названий.
Проблемы Халмоша и связанные с ними результаты теории инвариантных подпространств
Authors: Lomonosov Viktor Iosifovich , Shulman Viktor Semenovich
Published: January 2018

Работа содержит обзор основных результатов теории инвариантных подпространств, которые имеют прямую или опосредованную связь с известным списком проблем теории операторов, составленным П. Халмошем в 1970 г. Для большинства результатов приводятся краткие доказательства, схемы или основные идеи доказательств.
Библиография: 124 названия.
Рост целых рядов Дирихле в терминах обобщенных порядков
Authors: Hlova Taras Yaroslavovich , Filevych Petro Vasyl'ovych
Published: January 2018

Пусть $\alpha$ - непрерывная возрастающая к $+\infty$ на полуинтервале вида $[x_0,+\infty)$ функция. Найдено необходимое и достаточное условие на неотрицательную возрастающую к $+\infty$ последовательность $(\lambda_n)_{n=0}^\infty$, при котором для каждого абсолютно сходящегося в $\mathbb{C}$ ряда Дирихле вида $F(s)=\sum_{n=0}^\infty a_ne^{s\lambda_n}$, $s=\sigma+it$, выполняется соотношение $$ \varlimsup_{\sigma\to+\infty}\frac{\alpha(\ln M(\sigma,F))}{\sigma}=\varlimsup_{\sigma\to+\infty}\frac{\alpha(\ln\mu(\sigma,F))}{\sigma}, $$ где $M(\sigma,F)=\sup\{|F(s)|\colon \operatorname{Re} s=\sigma\}$ и $\mu(\sigma,F)=\max\{|a_n|e^{\sigma\lambda_n}\colon n\geqslant 0\}$ - максимум модуля и максимальный член этого ряда соответственно.
Библиография: 10 названий.
Об одном способе представления решений задачи Коши для линейных уравнений в частных производных
Authors: Gishlarkaev Vakha Isaevich
Published: January 2018

В работе предлагается метод решения задачи Коши для некоторых типов линейных уравнений в частных производных и псевдодифференциальных уравнений. Выделен класс функций, в котором доказано существование и единственность решений. Рассмотрено применение полученных результатов к прикладным задачам.
Библиография: 8 названий.
Автоморфизмы некоторых аффинных дополнений в проективном пространстве
Authors: Pukhlikov Aleksandr Valentinovich
Published: January 2018

Доказано, что любой бирегулярный автоморфизм аффинного алгебраического многообразия ${\mathbb P}^M\setminus S$, $M\geqslant 3$, где $S\subset {\mathbb P}^M$ - гиперповерхность степени $m\geqslant M+1$ с единственной особой точкой кратности $(m-1)$, разрешаемой одним раздутием, есть ограничение некоторого автоморфизма проективного пространства ${\mathbb P}^M$, сохраняющего гиперповерхность $S$; в частности, для общей гиперповерхности $S$ группа $\operatorname{Aut} ({\mathbb P}^M\setminus S)$ тривиальна.
Библиография: 24 названия.
Rastislav Šuštaršič: Bibliography
Authors: Pegan Vičič Kristina
Published: January 2018

Monographs, Studies and Articles, Book Reviews, varia, Editor, Translator
The prosody of focus: non-contrastive, contrastive and verum focus in Slovenian, English and Russian
Authors: Stopar Andrej
Published: January 2018

The article presents an approach to information structure that marks focused or topicalized syntactic constituents with the features [foc] and [top], and assumes that the assignment of these information structure features is reflected in prosody. The experimental study measures the fundamental frequency of various Slovenian sentences to identify the characteristic contours of the non-contrastive, contrastive, and verum focus. The findings are compared to those in studies on English and Russian. The results show that the most relevant prosodic characteristics of such structures are the pitch range, the pitch changes on the focus exponent, and the duration of the focus exponent.
Molecular distributions of dicarboxylic acids, oxocarboxylic acids, and α-dicarbonyls in PM2.5 collected at Mt. Tai, in North China in 2014
Authors: Zhu Yanhong , Yang Lingxiao , Chen Jianmin , Kawamura Kimitaka , Sato Mamiko , Tilgner Andreas , van Pinxteren Dominik , Chen Ying , Xue Likun , Wang Xinfeng , Herrmann Hartmut , Wang Wenxing
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Daytime and nighttime fine particulate matter (PM2.5) samples collected at Mt. Tai in the North China Plain (NCP) during summer 2014 were analyzed for dicarboxylic acids and related compounds (oxocarboxylic acids and α-dicarbonyls). The total concentrations of dicarboxylic acids and related compounds were 1050 ± 580 ng m−3 and 1040 ± 490 ng m−3 during the day and night time, respectively. Although these concentrations were about 2 times lower than similar measurements in 2006, the concentrations reported here were about 1–13 times higher than previous measurements in other major cities in the world. Molecular distributions of dicarboxylic acids and related compounds revealed that oxalic acid (C2) was the dominant species (50 %), followed by succinic acid (C4) (16 %) and malonic acid (C3) (12 %). WRF modelling revealed that long range transport was a major factor governing the distributions of the measure compounds at Mt. Tai. A majority of the samples (79 %) had comparable concentrations during the daytime and nighttime, with their day-night concentration ratios between 0.9–1.1. Correlation analyses of dicarboxylic acids and related compounds and their gas precursor- volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (day: R2 = 0.19; night: R2 = 0.24) and between C2 and sulfate (day: R2 = 0.28; night: R2 = 0.64) indicated that precursor emissions and aqueous phase oxidations during long range transport likely play an important role, especially during the nighttime. Source identification indicated that anthropogenic activities including fossil fuel and biomass/fuel combustion accounted for about 60 % of the total variance and was the dominant source at Mt. Tai. However, biomass burning was only a significant source during the first half of the sampling period. Measurements of potassium (K+), dicarboxylic acids, oxocarboxylic acids, and α-dicarbonyls were about 2 times higher than those from the second half of the measurement period. While the levoglucosan concentration, a biomass burning tracer, has decreased by about 80 % between 2006 and 2014, indicating that biomass burning is obviously decreased between 2006 and 2014.
Carbon mineralization in Laptev and East Siberian sea shelf and slope sediment
Authors: Brüchert Volker , Bröder Lisa , Sawicka Joanna E. , Tesi Tommaso , Joye Samantha P. , Sun Xiaole , Semiletov Igor P. , Samarkin Vladimir A.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The Siberian Arctic Sea shelf and slope is a key region for the degradation
of terrestrial organic material transported from the organic-carbon-rich
permafrost regions of Siberia. We report on sediment carbon mineralization
rates based on O2 microelectrode profiling; intact sediment core
incubations; 35S-sulfate tracer experiments; pore-water dissolved
inorganic carbon (DIC); δ13CDIC; and iron, manganese, and
ammonium concentrations from 20 shelf and slope stations. This data set
provides a spatial overview of sediment carbon mineralization rates and
pathways over large parts of the outer Laptev and East Siberian Arctic shelf
and slope and allows us to assess degradation rates and efficiency of carbon
burial in these sediments. Rates of oxygen uptake and iron and manganese
reduction were comparable to temperate shelf and slope environments, but
bacterial sulfate reduction rates were comparatively low. In the topmost 50 cm of sediment, aerobic carbon mineralization dominated degradation and
comprised on average 84 % of the depth-integrated carbon mineralization.
Oxygen uptake rates and anaerobic carbon mineralization rates were higher in
the eastern East Siberian Sea shelf compared to the Laptev Sea shelf.
DIC ∕ NH4+ ratios in pore waters and the stable carbon isotope
composition of remineralized DIC indicated that the degraded organic matter
on the Siberian shelf and slope was a mixture of marine and terrestrial
organic matter. Based on dual end-member calculations, the terrestrial
organic carbon contribution varied between 32 and 36 %, with a higher
contribution in the Laptev Sea than in the East Siberian Sea. Extrapolation
of the measured degradation rates using isotope end-member apportionment over
the outer shelf of the Laptev and East Siberian seas suggests that about 16 Tg C yr−1 is respired in the outer shelf seafloor sediment. Of the organic
matter buried below the oxygen penetration depth, between 0.6 and 1.3 Tg C yr−1 is degraded by anaerobic processes, with a terrestrial organic
carbon contribution ranging between 0.3 and 0.5 Tg yr−1.
Evaluation of uncertainties in mean and extreme precipitation under climate change for northwestern Mediterranean watersheds from high-resolution Med and Euro-CORDEX ensembles
Authors: Colmet-Daage Antoine , Sanchez-Gomez Emilia , Ricci Sophie , Llovel Cécile , Borrell Estupina Valérie , Quintana-Seguí Pere , Llasat Maria Carmen , Servat Eric
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The climate change impact on mean and extreme
precipitation events in the northern Mediterranean region is assessed using
high-resolution EuroCORDEX and MedCORDEX simulations. The focus is made on
three regions, Lez and Aude located in France, and Muga located
in northeastern Spain, and eight pairs of global and regional climate models
are analyzed with respect to the SAFRAN product. First the model skills are
evaluated in terms of bias for the precipitation annual cycle over
historical period. Then future changes in extreme precipitation, under two
emission scenarios, are estimated through the computation of past/future
change coefficients of quantile-ranked model precipitation outputs. Over the
1981–2010 period, the cumulative precipitation is overestimated for most
models over the mountainous regions and underestimated over the coastal
regions in autumn and higher-order quantile. The ensemble mean and the
spread for future period remain unchanged under RCP4.5 scenario and decrease
under RCP8.5 scenario. Extreme precipitation events are intensified over the
three catchments with a smaller ensemble spread under RCP8.5 revealing more
evident changes, especially in the later part of the 21st century.
On the link between stress field and small-scale hydraulic fracture growth in anisotropic rock derived from microseismicity
Authors: Gischig Valentin Samuel , Doetsch Joseph , Maurer Hansruedi , Krietsch Hannes , Amann Florian , Evans Keith Frederick , Nejati Morteza , Jalali Mohammadreza , Valley Benoît , Obermann Anne Christine , Wiemer Stefan , Giardini Domenico
Published: January 2018

Abstract. To characterize the stress field at the Grimsel Test Site (GTS) underground rock laboratory, a series of hydrofracturing and overcoring tests were performed. Hydrofracturing was accompanied by seismic monitoring using a network of highly sensitive piezosensors and accelerometers that were able to record small seismic events associated with metre-sized fractures. Due to potential discrepancies between the hydrofracture orientation and stress field estimates from overcoring, it was essential to obtain high-precision hypocentre locations that reliably illuminate fracture growth. Absolute locations were improved using a transverse isotropic P-wave velocity model and by applying joint hypocentre determination that allowed for the computation of station corrections. We further exploited the high degree of waveform similarity of events by applying cluster analysis and relative relocation. Resulting clouds of absolute and relative located seismicity showed a consistent east–west strike and 70° dip for all hydrofractures. The fracture growth direction from microseismicity is consistent with the principal stress orientations from the overcoring stress tests, provided that an anisotropic elastic model for the rock mass is used in the data inversions. The σ1 stress is significantly larger than the other two principal stresses and has a reasonably well-defined orientation that is subparallel to the fracture plane; σ2 and σ3 are almost equal in magnitude and thus lie on a circle defined by the standard errors of the solutions. The poles of the microseismicity planes also lie on this circle towards the north. Analysis of P-wave polarizations suggested double-couple focal mechanisms with both thrust and normal faulting mechanisms present, whereas strike-slip and thrust mechanisms would be expected from the overcoring-derived stress solution. The reasons for these discrepancies can be explained by pressure leak-off, but possibly may also involve stress field rotation around the propagating hydrofracture. Our study demonstrates that microseismicity monitoring along with high-resolution event locations provides valuable information for interpreting stress characterization measurements.
No Silver Bullet for Digital Soil Mapping: Country-specific Soil Organic Carbon Estimates across Latin America
Authors: Guevara Mario , Olmedo Guillermo Federico , Stell Emma , Yigini Yusuf , Aguilar Duarte Yameli , Arellano Hernández Carlos , Arévalo Gloria E. , Arroyo-Cruz Carlos Eduardo , Bolivar Adriana , Bunning Sally , Bustamante Cañas Nelson , Cruz-Gaistardo Carlos Omar , Davila Fabian , Dell Acqua Martin , Encina Arnulfo , Figueredo Tacona Hernán , Fontes Fernando , Hernández Herrera José Antonio , Ibelles Navarro Alejandro Roberto , Loayza Veronica , Manueles Alexandra M. , Mendoza Jara Fernando , Olivera Carolina , Osorio Hermosilla Rodrigo , Pereira Gonzalo , Prieto Pablo , Alexis Ramos Iván , Rey Brina Juan Carlos , Rivera Rafael , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Javier , Roopnarine Ronald , Rosales Ibarra Albán , Rosales Riveiro Kenset Amaury , Schulz Guillermo Andrés , Spence Adrian , Vasques Gustavo M. , Vargas Ronald R. , Vargas Rodrigo
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Country-specific soil organic carbon (SOC) maps are the baseline for the Global SOC Map of the Global Soil Partnership (GSOCmap-GSP). This endeavor requires harmonizing heterogeneous datasets and building country-specific capacities for digital soil mapping (DSM). We identified country-specific predictors for SOC and tested the performance of five predictive algorithms for mapping SOC across Latin America. The algorithms included: support vector machines, random forest, kernel weighted nearest neighbors, partial least squares regression, and regression-Kriging based on stepwise multiple linear models. Country-specific training data and SOC predictors (5 × 5 km pixel resolution) were obtained from ISRIC-World-Soil-Information-System. In general, temperature, soil type, vegetation indices and topographic constraints were the best predictors for SOC, but country-specific predictors and their respective weights varied across Latin America. We compared a large diversity of country-specific data scenarios and were able to explain ~ 53 % of SOC variability (range