bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A fotografia na tessitura do silêncio
Authors: Rojas Francine Carla , Nolasco Edgar Cézar
Published: January 2019

O presente artigo se detém na fotografia dos escritores Fernando Sabino e Clarice Lispector. Em conjunto com as cartas trocadas entre os escritores durante 23 anos de amizade (1946-1969) e presentes em Cartas perto do coração (2011), a fotografia narra um momento único. O objetivo é o de articular o papel de conceitos como silêncio, sobrevida, rastro e aesthesis na experiência de observação e construção da fotografia como narração, nesse sentido, considera-se a participação do crítico. Para tanto, a noção hegemônica de estética já não mais comporta a discussão proposta justamente por excluir a sensação e percepção, em prol de um conjunto de normas que instituem conceitos como o belo a fim de delimitar o que é arte, reforçando uma perspectiva artística e crítica calcada nas semelhanças, e o que não corresponde aos parâmetros estabelecidos é relegado à exterioridade. Dessa forma, a divisão em três subtítulos visa atender aos objetivos elencados, ofertando considerações do que se convém chamar de “narração da imagem” e que consiste em entender a fotografia como aberto ao olhar e a escuta alheia. A articulação desenvolvida é embasada nas considerações de Walter Mignolo, Susan Sontag, Roland Barthes, Eni P. Orlandi e Jacques Derrida.
Da Filologia Cósmica
Authors: Brzozowski Julian
Published: January 2019

Presenciamos, atualmente, algo de um momento crítico para o pensamento, que se expressa de maneira análoga em diversas áreas do conhecimento. Na filologia, é experienciada a exaustão de um predomínio do modelo mimético auerbachiano, conforme a noção do Real lacaniano toma conta da sensibilidade literária ocidental. Tal assunção levou o pensamento moderno a um paradigma mórbido da existência, expresso nos trabalhos de Heidegger, Lacan e Agamben, e numa posterior leitura contemporânea algo desbalanceada do paradigma biopolítico foucaultiano, “fazer viver e deixar morrer”, que enxerga no encontro com a Coisa o fundamento e o horizonte da tanatopolítica. O presente ensaio visa propor alternativas para a localização de uma arquifilologia no domínio da vida frente ao Real, ao recusar o antropocentrismo do campo literário. Explorando a teoria gravitacional do físico teórico holandês Erik Verlinde, que sugere que a gravidade seria uma qualidade emergente da informação a dividir o espaço físico emergido e um segundo espaço por vir, a inorganicidade da literatura diagnosticada na máxima batailleana seria levada a um Outro lugar. O desejo de expressar imageticamente um mundo por vir não estaria sob monopólio humano, mas sim expresso em um funcionamento cósmico desde sempre indiferente a ruína da tradição mimética.
Valor literário depois da Teoria: Derrida, Agamben e os Escritores do Não
Authors: Bellei Sérgio Luiz
Published: January 2019

A ascensão da Teoria na segunda metade do século XX foi percebida, por parte significativa da academia, como uma ameaça aos valores tradicionais da literatura e dos estudos literários. Produzida no ambiente pouco arejado e degradado da universidade moderna, a Teoria teria supostamente aberto caminho para discursos pouco racionais e voltados para o enfraquecimento do senso comum, da inteligibilidade textual e da objetividade. Foi, em parte, responsável não apenas pelo declínio da cultura e da literatura, mas, até mesmo, pela derrocada da moral, dos costumes e do humanismo. O presente ensaio trabalha a possibilidade de pensar a Teoria para além de uma perspectiva meramente negativa e em direção a uma proposta alternativa de valorização da literatura em textos exemplares de Jacques Derrida, Giorgio Agamben e dos escritores do Não.
Sobre poesia e pintura em Herberto Helder
Authors: Guimarães Geovanna Marcela da Silva
Published: January 2019

Analisar o barroco em Herberto Helder é tentar mostrar como os aspectos formais e estéticos do barroco permanecem na modernidade e de que maneira eles são processados na obra poética herbertiana. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é propor uma análise crítica dos “traços barrocos” presentes em Herberto Helder, enfatizando que esta análise crítica é também uma nova proposta de leitura de sua obra, amplamente debatida e estudada. Para isso nos valeremos da equivalência, desde sempre considerada, entre poesia e pintura que é possível ser vista na obra do poeta português, mais especificamente, nos livros Servidões (2013), A morte sem mestre (2014) e nos contos “Teoria das cores” e “Escadas e Metafísica” do livro Os passos em volta (1963).
Simulação do uso de telhados verdes prontos para atenuação de enchentes urbanas: o Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Sergipe como estudo de caso
Authors: Vieira Zacarias Caetano , Santos Sheilla Costa dos , Silva Givaldo Barbosa da , Almeida Dantas Karinne Santiago , Albuquerque Eugênio Figueiredo de
Published: January 2019

O crescimento urbano das cidades tem ocasionado uma maior impermeabilização do solo, provocando assim, um aumento do escoamento superficial, dos picos de vazão e dos pontos de alagamentos. No Brasil ainda predominam as técnicas convencionais de drenagem, em que o escoamento é transferido para os pontos de jusante da bacia. Tal situação torna necessário a implantação do conceito de cidades sustentáveis, sendo que uma das ações para se obter uma maior e melhor qualidade de vida nas grandes cidades é a utilização de “telhados verdes” em residências e edifícios. Diante do exposto, o presente trabalho objetiva simular a substituição dos telhados convencionais por telhados verdes prontos de diferentes modelos e capacidades de retenção no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Sergipe (IFS) – Campus Aracaju, e estimar o volume de água pluvial jogado no sistema de drenagem urbano em ambos os telhados, e posteriormente, realizar o estudo da redução de vazão conseguida em cada caso simulado. Para realização da simulação foram utilizados quatro sistemas de telhado verdes prontos, com capacidades de retenção de água variando de 25 l/m² até 160 l/m², e considerados os dados pluviométricos diários dos anos de 2011 e 2012. Os resultados mostram uma redução do volume de água jogado no sistema de drenagem variando de 76,54% até 96,64% para os diferentes sistemas. Conclui-se com os resultados obtidos que a utilização desses sistemas, pode contribuir significativamente com a redução das enchentes urbanas, desde que, seu uso seja coletivo, e inserido na urbanização das cidades.
Panelaço e o Estado de Exceção: Uma Leitura Psicanalítica da Convulsão Social Brasileira dos anos 2015-2016
Authors: Teshainer Marcus Cesar R. , Lara Junior Nadir , Dunker Christian Ingo Lenz
Published: January 2019

Nos anos 2015 e 2016, ocorreu, no Brasil, um evento político reconhecido pela mídia como Panelaço. Durante algumas transmissões televisivas da presidente Dilma, pessoas contrárias a seu governo batiam panelas nas janelas de suas casas. Esse comportamento teve algumas consequências na maneira de agir da governante que, em alguns momentos, abriu mão de se pronunciar. Este artigo, tendo como referencial teórico a psicanálise e o pensamento biopolítico do filósofo italiano Giorgio Agamben, pretende analisar o período descrito com o objetivo de tentar entender um modo brasileiro de fazer política e tomar esse evento como exemplo do Estado de exceção brasileiro.
Estressores Ocupacionais e Estratégias de Enfrentamento
Authors: Carlotto Mary Sandra , Câmara Sheila Gonçalves , Diehl Liciane , Ely Karine , Freitas Isadora Marques de , Schneider Gabriela De Azeredo
Published: January 2019

O presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a vivência dos estressores ocupacionais e estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas na perspectiva dos professores. Participaram do estudo oito professoras provenientes de duas escolas públicas municipais de uma cidade da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre, RS. Como instrumento de coleta de dados foi utilizado o método do diário em sua modalidade qualitativa, estruturado em dois eixos temáticos estabelecidos a priori: estressores e estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas. Os registros foram analisados por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo categorial-temática. Como resultados, foram identificados cinco estressores de natureza psicossocial: relação professor-alunos; falta de apoio de familiares de alunos; sobrecarga de papel; conciliar trabalho-família e conciliar trabalho-vida pessoal. As estratégias de enfrentamento referidas foram as com foco na emoção e evitação.
Institucionalização da Graduação em Psicologia
Authors: Alberto Maria de Fatima Pereira , Neto José Rangel de Paiva , Santana Sérgio Rodrigues de , Seixas Pablo De Sousa
Published: January 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a história da institucionalização da Psicologia na Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), considerando o contexto em que estava situado. Para tanto, foi necessário compreender o processo de criação do curso, ou seja, seu contexto histórico-cultural, a demanda, os sujeitos sociais e os formatos teóricos e metodológicos que assume. Fez-se uso de documentos do acervo da instituição e de 13 entrevistas com professores do Departamento de Psicologia ativos e aposentados que participaram do processo de institucionalização ou dos anos iniciais do curso de graduação. Os dados revelam três influências na institucionalização: a demanda inicial e o contexto histórico, o corpo docente e suas características, e o formato teórico-metodológico. A demanda inicial e o contexto histórico destacam o processo de “modernização” da cidade de João Pessoa, a necessidade acadêmica de caráter produtivista da Psicologia enquanto ciência e um espaço mercadológico. O contexto de implantação do curso de Psicologia da UFPB se dá entre o segundo e o terceiro período da ditadura civil-militar no Brasil, momento da expansão universitária da UFPB, que permitiu aprovação do curso e contratação de diversos professores vindos de dentro e de fora do estado que, alinhados à Psicologia nacional e internacional, reproduzem o modelo hegemônico, de cunho elitista, que não fazia frente ao momento vivenciado, de restrição de direitos. Tais aspectos, segundo os atores sociais da época, têm rebatimento direto na orientação teórico-metodológica dos primeiros professores, divididos entre dois grupos: um mais alinhado a um modelo hegemônico, positivista e privativo; e outro, a um modelo mais coletivo e comunitário, com características contra-hegemônicas. O modelo de curso e formação da Psicologia na UFPB acaba centralizando a produção de conhecimento e estabelecendo o modelo formativo a ser adotado na região.
A Proposta dos Discursos como Leitura Estrutural para os novos Sintomas
Authors: Silva Magali Milene
Published: January 2019

O artigo objetiva apresentar a proposta lacaniana dos discursos como ferramenta para leitura das apresentações sintomáticas contemporâneas, buscando discutir elementos dos novos sintomas a partir do discurso universitário. Nesse percurso, apresentamos propostas de leitura dos novos sintomas por outros operadores teóricos, indicando os discursos como mais adequados. Retomando a noção freudiana do sintoma como efeito de uma defesa inconsciente e a leitura lacaniana do sujeito como o nome desse efeito, propomos a noção de novas manifestações clínicas veiculadas por preferências discursivas em detrimento da noção de novos sintomas. Situamos a proposta lacaniana dos discursos e discutimos as especificidades e consequências do discurso universitário para a emergência do sintoma no laço social. Apontamos, por fim, a importância da sustentação do discurso do analista, resgatando sua vertente subversiva e convocando à movimentação discursiva.
Naar niet-confessioneel levensbeschouwelijk onderwijs in een verzuild onderwijsstelsel
Authors: Vermeer Paul , Franken Leni
Published: January 2019

Towards non-confessional worldview education in a pillarized education system: a plea from the low countries

In this article the claim is raised, that the pillarized education system of Belgium and the Netherlands interferes with the way the challenges of modern secular and plural society are addressed in worldview education in school. After a brief sketch of the education systems of both countries and the way worldview education is formally embedded in these systems, a critical analysis of the actual practice of worldview education in Belgium and the Netherlands reveals four major problems: it is organized along religious and ideological dividing lines, it is fragmented, it is no longer desired and its content is faded. Following this critical analysis, the authors make a plea for non-confessional worldview education for all pupils in all schools organized and supervised by the state.
Neogene Caribbean elasmobranchs: diversity, paleoecology and paleoenvironmental significance of the Cocinetas Basin assemblage (Guajira Peninsula, Colombia)
Authors: Carrillo-Briceño Jorge Domingo , Luz Zoneibe , Hendy Austin , Kocsis László , Aguilera Orangel , Vennemann Torsten
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The Cocinetas
Basin is located on the eastern flank of the Guajira Peninsula, northern
Colombia (southern Caribbean). During the late Oligocene through the
Pliocene, much of the basin was submerged. The extensive deposits in this
area suggest a transition from a shallow marine to a fluvio-deltaic system,
with a rich record of invertebrate and vertebrate fauna. The elasmobranch
assemblages of the early Miocene to the late Pliocene succession in the
Cocinetas Basin (Jimol, Castilletes and Ware formations, as well as the
Patsúa Valley) are described for the first time. The assemblages include at least 30
taxa of sharks (Squaliformes, Pristiophoriformes, Orectolobiformes,
Lamniformes and Carcharhiniformes) and batoids (Rhinopristiformes and
Myliobatiformes), of which 24 taxa are reported from the Colombian Neogene
for the first time. Paleoecological interpretations are based on the feeding
ecology and on estimates of the paleohydrology (relative salinity,
temperature) using stable isotope compositions of oxygen in the bioapatite of
shark teeth. The isotopic composition of the studied specimens corroborates
paleoenvironmental settings for the studied units that were previously
estimated based on the sedimentology and biology of the taxa. These Neogene
elasmobranch assemblages from the Cocinetas Basin provide new insights into
the diversity the sharks and rays inhabiting the coastal and estuarine
environments of the northwestern margin of South America, both during the
existence of the gateway between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and
following its closure.
Particle swarm optimization for the estimation of surface complexation constants with the geochemical model PHREEQC-3.1.2
Authors: Abdelaziz Ramadan , Merkel Broder J. , Zambrano-Bigiarini Mauricio , Nair Sreejesh
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Sorption of metals on minerals is a key process in treatment
water, natural aquatic environments, and other water-related technologies.
Sorption processes are usually simulated with surface complexation models;
however, identifying numeric values for the thermodynamic constants from
batch experiments requires a robust parameter estimation technique that does
not get trapped in local minima. Recently, particle swarm optimization
(PSO) techniques have attracted many researchers as an efficient and
effective optimization technique to find (near-)optimum model parameters in
several fields of research. In this work, uranium at low concentrations was
sorbed on quartz at different pH, and the hydroPSO R optimization package was
used – the first time – to calibrate the PHREEQC geochemical model,
version 3.1.2. Results show that thermodynamic parameter values identified
with hydroPSO are more reliable than those identified with the well-known
parameter estimation (PEST) software, when both parameter estimation software
are coupled to PHREEQC using the same thermodynamic input data. In addition,
post-processing tools included in hydroPSO were helpful for the correct
interpretation of uncertainty in the obtained model parameters and simulated
values. Thus, hydroPSO proved to be an efficient and versatile optimization
tool for identifying reliable thermodynamic parameter values of the PHREEQC
geochemical model.
The ECMWF operational ensemble reanalysis-analysis system for ocean and sea-ice: a description of the system and assessment
Authors: Zuo Hao , Balmaseda Magdalena Alonso , Tietsche Steffen , Mogensen Kristian , Mayer Michael
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The ECMWF OCEAN5 system is a global ocean and sea-ice ensemble of reanalysis and real-time analysis. This manuscript gives a full description of the OCEAN5 system, with the focus on upgrades of system components with respect to its predecessors ORAS4 and ORAP5. An important novelty in OCEAN5 is the ensemble generation strategy that includes perturbation of initial conditions, and a generic perturbation scheme for observations and forcing fields. Other upgrades include revisions to the a-priori bias correction scheme, observation quality control and assimilation method for sea-level anomaly. The OCEAN5 historical reconstruction of the ocean and sea-ice state is the ORAS5 reanalysis, which includes 5 ensemble members and covers the period from 1979 onwards, and with a backward extension until 1958. Updated version of observation data sets are used in ORAS5 production, with special attention devoted to the consistency of sea surface temperature (SST) and sea-ice observations. Assessment of ORAS5 in the observation space suggests that assimilation of observations contribute to reducing the analysis error, with the most prominent contribution from direct assimilation of ocean in-situ observations. Results of observing system experiment further suggest that Argo float is the most influential observation type in our data assimilation system. Assessment of ORAS5 has also been carried out with several key ocean state variables and verified against independent observation data sets from ESA CCI project. With respect to ORAS4, ORAS5 has improved ocean climate state and variability in terms of SST and sea-level, mostly due to increased model resolution and updates in assimilated observation data sets. In spite of the improvements, ORAS5 still underestimates the temporal variance of sea level, and continue exhibiting large SST biases in the Gulf Stream and extension regions which is possibly associated with misrepresentation of front positions. Overall, the SST and sea-ice uncertainties estimated using five ORAS5 ensemble members have spatial patterns consistent with those of analysis error. The ensemble spread of sea-ice is commensurable with the sea-ice analysis error. On the contrary, the ensemble is under-dispersive for SST.
Impacts of topographic shading on direct solar radiation for valley glaciers in complex topography
Authors: Olson Matthew , Rupper Summer
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Topographic shading, including both shaded relief and cast shadowing, plays a
fundamental role in determining direct solar radiation on glacier ice.
However, shading has been oversimplified or incorrectly incorporated in
surface energy balance models in some past studies. In addition, no
systematic studies have been conducted to evaluate relationships between
shading and other topographic characteristics. Here we develop a topographic
solar radiation model to examine the variability in irradiance throughout the
glacier melt season due to topographic shading and combined slope and aspect.
We apply the model to multiple glaciers in high-mountain Asia (HMA) and test
the sensitivity of shading to valley aspect and latitude. Our results show
that topographic shading significantly alters the potential direct clear-sky
solar radiation received at the surface for valley glaciers in HMA,
particularly for north- and south-facing glaciers. Additionally, we find that
shading can be extremely impactful in the ablation zone. Cast shadowing is
the dominant mechanism in determining total shading for valley glaciers in
parts of HMA, especially at lower elevations. Although shading can be
predictable, it is overall extremely variable between glacial valleys. Our
results suggest that topographic shading not only is an important factor
contributing to surface energy balance but could also influence glacier
response and mass balance estimates throughout HMA.
Principialismo, bioética personalista y principios de acción en medicina y en servicios de salud
Authors: Insua Jorge Tomas
Published: January 2019

Dado que hay una brecha y diferencias entre conceptos bioéticos y otros principios de acción provenientes de la práctica de la medicina moderna, su comparación es razonable. La medicina moderna ha generado principios de acción basados en la evidencia y principios de calidad en medicina, y la argumentación bioética recurre frecuentemente al principialismo, o a la bioética personalista. Este artículo pretende ilustrar las características de las relaciones entre estos conceptos y su potencial enriquecimiento mutuo. Se propone una matriz de comparación simple y práctica, para cotejar la relación entre los principios. Estos conceptos tienen una superposición significativa. Sin embargo, tanto en la historia de las ideas como en su formulación son muy diferentes. Se enfatiza el valor contextual de este análisis dado por las tendencias de la salud global, y algunas implicaciones para la medicina de bioética personalista.
El cuidado en el florecimiento o desarrollo humano personal: reflexiones desde la psicología para la bioética del cuidado
Authors: Hernáez García Milagrosa
Published: January 2019

El artículo presenta una reflexión sobre el papel del cuidado en el desarrollo personal (o florecimiento personal, términos usados indistintamente). Parte de la consideración del cuidado como una categoría universal y necesaria de la vida humana, y se pregunta qué papel juega y cómo influye el cuidado en el florecimiento personal. Esta reflexión, si bien se ubica en una perspectiva antropológica humanista multidimensional –esto es, que reconoce todas las riquezas de la persona en sus dimensiones biológica, psicológica y social, todas involucradas en su desarrollo–, analiza específicamente el cuidado con relación a la dimensión psicológica bajo tres aspectos que confluyen en un desarrollo personal maduro: recibir cuidado, cuidar de los otros y adquirir conciencia de ambas realidades.
The Complementary Effects of Islam and CSR: Some Empirical Evidence
Authors: Cheong Calvin W. H. , Salleh Nurul Ilma , Fung Chorng Yuan
Published: January 2019

This paper empirically investigates what has been claimed in the literature; that there are no significant differences between the Islamic and Western schools of business ethics. A proxy for the Western school is corporate social responsibility (CSR) while in the Islamic school, a reasonable approximation would be Shariah-compliance (SC). But because financial performance is not the main priority in CSR and SC, this study examines the effects CSR and SC has on firm resilience and firm risk. The regression estimates using an emerging market sample show that both CSR and SC improves firm resilience besides reducing firm risk in the following year. The findings empirically validate the claims made in the literature; that business ethics, Islamic or otherwise, are similar in substance and form. By empirically examining this claim, this study paves the way for a convergence of values and practices besides fostering greater unity between cultures.
Online Shopping: A Potential of Herding Behavior Symptom?
Authors: Hashim Noor Azuan , Janor Hawati , Sidek Farhana , Nor Shifa Mohd
Published: January 2019

The Internet has grown tremendously in the recent and many of its applications have been used by people all over the world. On-line shopping which is a recent phenomenon in the field of e-commerce is definitely going to be the future of shopping in the world. It seems that online shopping has been one of the ways that customers shop nowadays especially to the younger generations and working people. Most of the young working people have accessed to Internet and many have started to sell and buy online. Though online shopping is quite common now, its growth in Malaysian market is still not in line with the global market. The potential growth of online shopping has triggered the idea of conducting an exploratory study on online shopping in Malaysia. A survey was carried-out with 168 part-time students who work in Klang Valley area and also currently study in UKM. In addition to the survey, 15 face-to-face interviews were carried-out with available respondents after they answer the survey. The purpose is to find out how well they understand about online shopping and what factors contribute to their online shopping behaviors. The results of study reveal that customer satisfaction, motivation and influence from other buyers are among the critical factors for customers to shop online. Respondents since to mimic other customers in buying online. The results of the study could be further used by the researchers and practitioners for conducting future studies in the similar area.
Impact of Audit Committee Adoption and its Characteristics on Financial Performance: Evidence from 100 French Companies
Authors: Bouaine Wided , Hrichi Yosr
Published: January 2019

The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of legal creation of audit committees on financial firm performance. Precisely, we examine the impact of the establishment of audit committee, following the enactment of Ordinance No. 2008-1278, on financial firm market performance. Moreover, we investigate whether the audit committee characteristics such as independence of the members of the audit committees, the size; the accounting and financial expertise of the committee members as well as the frequency of audit committee meetings determine financial performance.We choose two measures for performance namely ROE and ROA. We conduct a panel study for a sample of 100 French companies listed on the Paris Stock Exchange from 2007 to 2015.The results show that the appearance of a legal text pushes the establishment of the committee but has no significant effect on the company's performance. This can be explained by the strong voluntary adoption of the audit committee following the publication of the Viénot Reports (Saada, 1998).
An Evaluation of an Innovative In-Service Teacher Training Model in Turkey
Authors: Öztürk Mustafa
Published: January 2019

A project, with the support of the UNICEF and the Ministry of National Education in Turkey (MoNE), was carried out to develop and implement an in-service teacher training programme aiming at changing participating teachers’ perceptions and practices regarding inclusive education. Within scope of the programme, ten separate modules were developed, each of which focusing on developing teachers’ skills in certain aspects of inclusive education. Within the project, an in-service teacher training model was developed to guide the design of the ten modules in terms of the process, content and materials utilized. The model encompasses hands-on and inspiring teaching methods, the teachers’ collaboration and flexibility in terms of bringing the teachers’ ideas and experiences to the process. For this study, of these modules, “Teaching and Assessment” was chosen to evaluate the effectiveness of the in-service teacher training model in terms of ensuring teacher change. The module aimed at developing the participating teachers’ pedagogical skills in order for them to carry out differentiated instruction and formative assessment. Approximately eight thousand teachers were trained through the Teaching and Assessment Module across Turkey from September to November in 2018. Data for the present study was collected through focus group discussions (FGD). In total, four FGDs were held with randomly selected 27 teachers who participated in the Teaching and Assessment Module. Content analysis was performed in order to analyse the data obtained from the FGDs. According to the results of the study, it was found that although a “one-shot” in-service training approach was implemented, significant changes occurred both in the teachers’ perceptions, awareness and practices regarding inclusive education. However, it was noted that certain factors such as the organization, in particular the place and time of training sessions could be improved. Furthermore, excessive use of worksheets and lack of subject specific examples were criticised by some FGD participants.
A Intervenção Profissional do/ Assistente Social nas Demandas Sociojurídicas da Comarca De Marabá (PA)
Authors: Da Luz Azevedo Edevaldo , Nobre Pontes Reinaldo
Published: January 2019

Este trabalho se apresenta como fruto de uma pesquisa qualitativa voltada a explicitar o processo de intervenção técnica dos/as assistentes sociais do Poder Judiciário paraense no trato das demandas sociojurídicas, com o objetivo de analisar as dimensões ético-políticas e técnico-operativas do exercício profissional em Serviço Social e suas determinações históricas e sociopolíticas, enquanto profissão inserida no campo sociojurídico, a partir de sua operacionalização na Comarca de Marabá-PA.
Turismo e imagens: a influência do orientalismo na construção de estereótipos
Authors: Moraes Conceição Renan Augusto , Londero Rodolfo Rorato
Published: January 2019

O presente artigo apresenta uma abordagem sobre o uso de imagens no turismo e sua importância historiográfica. Para tanto, a análise sustenta-se nas contribuições teóricas da abordagem orientalista, evidenciando os reflexos dos estereótipos na atividade turística e, consequentemente, na criação do fetiche na indústria do turismo. Assim, esse estudo expõe elementos teóricos para novas análises envolvendo a construção histórica do discurso turístico, especialmente sobre o uso que imagens estereotipadas podem gerar.
Semiótica discursiva na análise de um cartaz do vestibular da UEG: a questão do sentido
Authors: Dos Santos Jorge Lucas Marcelo , Curado Maria Eugênia
Published: January 2019

O presente artigo visa a discutir, por meio da análise de um cartaz para divulgação do vestibular da Universidade Estadual de Goiás, veiculado em 2016, questões de caráter paradoxal que perpassam o Plano de Conteúdo (PC) articulado ao Plano de Expressão (PE) e que se revestem de sentido. Para tal investigação, lançaremos mão dos pressupostos da semiótica discursiva com apoio em Greimas.
Underrepresented Minority Applicants Are Competitive for Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Programs, but Enter Residency at Lower Rates
Authors: Poon Selina , Nellans Kate , Rothman Alyssa , Crabb Rocio A.L. , Wendolowski Stephen F. , Kiridly Daniel , Gecelter Rachel , Gorroochurn Prakash , Chahine Nadeen O.
Published: January 2019

Introduction:

Orthopaedic surgery residency programs have the lowest representation of ethnic/racial minorities compared with other specialties. This study compared orthopaedic residency enrollment rates and academic metrics of applicants and matriculated residents by race/ethnicity.

Methods:

Data on applicants from US medical schools for orthopaedic residency and residents were analyzed from 2005 to 2014 and compared between race/ethnic groups (White, Asian, Black, Hispanic, and Other).

Results:

Minority applicants comprised 29% of applicants and 25% of enrolled candidates. Sixty-one percent of minority applicants were accepted into an orthopaedic residency versus 73% of White applicants (P < 0.0001). White and Asian applicants and residents had higher USMLE Step 1. White applicants and matriculated candidates had higher Step 2 Clinical Knowledge scores and higher odds of Alpha Omega Alpha membership compared with Black, Hispanic, and Other groups. Publication counts were similar in all applicant groups, although Hispanic residents had significantly more publications. Black applicants had more volunteer experiences.

Conclusions:

In orthopaedic surgery residency, minority applicants enrolled at a lower rate than White and Asian applicants. The emphasis on USMLE test scores and Alpha Omega Alpha membership may contribute to the lower enrollment rate of minority applicants. Other factors such as conscious or unconscious bias, which may contribute, were not evaluated in this study.
Spokes in the Wheels of CLIL for Multilingualism or How Monolingual Ideologies Limit Teacher Training
Authors: Martí Otilia , Portolés Laura
Published: January 2019

In line with van Kampen et al.’s (2018) research about specialist and practitioner perceptions on the goals for CLIL in the Netherlands, the present study addresses Hüttner, Dalton-Puffer and Smit’s (2013) call for investigating teachers’ beliefs about CLIL in European countries like Spain where this teaching approach is highly institutionalized. Unlike the aforementioned studies, though, ours focuses on novice subject teachers in Primary education. More specifically, it links teacher cognition and pre-service or initial teacher training with the aim of exploring the extent to which student teachers’ beliefs mediate their education. The analysis of how these student teachers understand the aims and language principles of CLIL unveils the role that a set of monolingual ideologies (e.g. “the English only policy”) play in the conceptualization and consequent acceptance or disapproval of this teaching approach. As we also pay heed to the impact of tertiary instruction on participants’ beliefs, implications for CLIL teacher preparation programmes are discussed.
Conversational Style and Early Academic Language Skills in CLIL and Non-CLIL Settings: A Multilingual Sociopragmatic Perspective
Authors: Nightingale Richard , Safont Pilar
Published: January 2019

As academic language skills develop, young learners are able to rise to the challenge of increasingly complex communication in increasingly formal settings (Snow, 2014; Uccelli et al., 2015). Studies suggest that CLIL contexts may favour the development of academic language skills (Dalton-Puffer, 2007; Nikula, 2007; Marsh, 2008; Pasqual Peña, 2010) to a greater extent than non-CLIL contexts. However, research that attempts to test this assumption has so far tended to do so from a pragmalinguistic perspective (Lorenzo & Rodríguez, 2014; Lorenzo, 2017). This paper takes a sociopragmatic approach to exploring the differences between CLIL and non-CLIL contexts regarding how they facilitate the development of early academic language skills. That is, how the communicative intentions that underlie CLIL and non-CLIL classroom discourse may help or hinder the development of such skills. The data were collected by observing classroom discourse in CLIL and EFL primary-school lessons, in Spanish-based and Catalan-based linguistic models. The method followed was to apply a taxonomy of the sociopragmatic level of academic language (Henrichs, 2010) to determine the quality of the conversational style and intersubjective cooperation found in the discourse. The results indicate that CLIL classroom discourse is characterised by the sort of conversational style that facilitates the development of academic language skills. However, in terms of intersubjective cooperation the results are somewhat inconclusive. Based on these results, the study suggests raising awareness of the role of conversational style in classroom discourse so as to boost the quality of teacher-student interactions in primary-school CLIL contexts and, thus, contribute to an identified need for continuous improvement of CLIL pedagogies and teacher training (Lorenzo, 2007; de Graaff et al., 2007).
Vergeving en heel worden na afloop van zware geweldsdelicten
Authors: Gustafson David L.
Published: January 2019

Forgiveness as a path to healing the wounds of violent crime

In a recent research study entitled Encountering ‘The Other’: Victim Offender Dialogue in Serious Crime the impact and outcomes for victims/survivors of meeting with the prisoner participants who had caused them harm were examined. In the vast majority of those cases, organised within the context of the Victim Offender Mediation Program (VOMP), forgiveness was offered by victims and received by offenders. This research, utilizing a qualitative multiple case study method, examined twenty-five randomly selected cases referred for victim/offender mediation over a 10-year period, in which victims/survivors, following a period of preparation, had participated in at least one day-long dialogue with their offenders facilitated by trained personnel. This article addresses only one of the research questions posited in this study, namely, the ways in which apology and forgiveness played a part in those dialogues and in the experience of the participants following their mutual encounters. It is argued that granting forgiveness can have great power in its effects when experienced by the participants.
Lamination of Nanofibre Layers for Clothing Applications
Authors: Knížek Roman , Karhánková Denisa , Bajzík Vladimír , Jirsák Oldřich
Published: January 2019

Nanofibre membranes and nanofibre products represent break-through technology in many fields of industry. They are used for air or liquid filtration, and their unique properties are suitable for many new health products or when manufacturing clothes etc. Their biggest advantage is their high porosity and fineness. On the other hand, the disadvantage of these membranes is the fact that it is not a homogenous material/foil, but a layer of fibres or rather several fibre layers (hereafter we will always use the term nanomembrane). This structure has a very negative impact on some of its properties i.e. strength, abrasion resistance, pressure resistance etc. This work introduces a 2-layer-laminate and 3-layer laminate where one of the layers is made of nanofibres with a view to their use in the manufacturing of clothes for sport and outdoor activities. The nanofibre membrane laminate must protect the wearer from weather conditions like rain and snow and, at the same time, enable transferring of liquid moisture from the wearer’s body to the outside environment. Using lamination, we can connect the fine nanofibre membrane to a resilient textile material (knitted, woven or non-woven). This stronger textile material protects the more fragile nanomembrane from the outside environment (abrasion, friction etc.) while not diminishing its good comfort properties, like being windproof, waterproof and having good steam-permeability. The result of this work is a laminate with a high level of steam permeability, with minimum air permeability and a water column higher than 5000 mm. The tests carried out proved that during repeated washing cycles no delamination occurred and hydrostatic resistance decreased by approximately 20%.
Comparison of Moisture Management Properties of Plasma Treated Single Jersey Fabric with Different Types of Polyester Yarns
Authors: Thangavelu Vidya , Chidambaram Prakash
Published: January 2019

In this study, the moisture management properties of plasma treated single jersey knitted fabric with different types of polyester yarns: spun polyester, continuous filament yarn and micro denier yarn with different linear densities were analysed and investigated. The moisture management properties of the same were measured using a moisture management tester. The results of the treated and untreated single jersey fabric were tested for their wetting time, absorption rate, maximum wetted radii, spreading speed, and overall moisture management capacity . It was observed that for the plasma treated fabrics, the time taken for wetting and the absorption rate of spun polyester are faster. Continuous filament polyester shows the maximum wetted radii, and the spreading speed and overall moisture management capacity (OMMC) of spun polyester significantly increases when compared with untreated fabrics. The plasma treatment significantly improved the overall performance of polyester fabric.
Study of Ionic Liquids UV-VIS and FTIR Spectra before and after Heating and Spruce Groundwood Dissolution
Authors: Danielewicz Dariusz , Kmiotek Magdalena , Surma-Ślusarska Barbara
Published: January 2019

The absorption of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and acetate taken from commercial packaging was studied by means of UV-VIS and infrared spectroscopy with some differences observed. Further research showed that heating both 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and acetate alone, as well as in the presence of wood pulp, causes the darkening of these ionic liquids. Changes in the colour of ionic liquids associated with a variation in the absorption characteristics of pure ionic liquids and wood solutions in these liquids in UV and visible light are expressed primarily in the widening of the absorption bands. The presence of coloured products formed during their heating, as well as dissolution of the chemical components of wood in ionic liquids, had relatively little effect on the position of individual absorption bands in the spectrum obtained by the FT-IR method. The small differences in the absorption of spruce groundwood solutions in ionic liquids in IR as compared to pure ionic liquids suggest that strong chromophore groups in ionic liquids are created without serious reconstruction of their structure.
Biodegradation Behaviour of Different Textile Fibres: Visual, Morphological, Structural Properties and Soil Analyses
Authors: Sülar Vildan , Devrim Gökberk
Published: January 2019

The biodegradation of fabrics of various types of fibres: cotton (CO), viscose (CV), Modal (CMD), Tencel (CLY), polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene teraphtalate (PET) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN)) under the attack of microorganisms were studied using the soil burial method for two different burial intervals (1 month and 4 months). As opposed to previous studies, all analyses were simultaneously conducted for both of the buried fabrics and soil samples so as to examine the biodegradation and environmental effect as a whole in the same study. Visual observations, weight losses, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the biodegradation behaviour. The total organic carbon (TOC), the total number of bacteria and the total number of fungi in the soil samples were studied to understand the soil content during the degradation of the fibres. The study revealed that the cellulosic fabric samples changed both physically and chemically even after 1 month. Among the cellulosic fibres, weight losses of modal, cotton, and viscose fabrics were close to 90%, showing high degradation, whereas Tencel fibre had the lowest with 60% for a 4 month burial interval. Within the synthetic fabrics, only PLA fabric lost weight.
The Mutual Security Agency and Foreign Operations Administration, 1953–1955
Authors: Kaplan Lawrence S.
Published: January 2019

Stassen’s immediate reaction when President Eisenhower offered him the post of director of mutual security was to be thrilled. His reaction was in keeping with the exuberance he had displayed after Eisenhower’s nomination as the Republican candidate for president. He predicted that Eisenhower would be a great president and even praised Senator Taft as a “great man and a great American.” He also cited his former rival, California governor Earl Warren, as worthy of his admiration. During Stassen’s confirmation hearings, Wayne Morse (I-OR) was only senator to sound a sour note. He accused Stassen of taking distinctly contradictory positions on whether US foreign aid would be used to put political pressure on the beneficiaries. At one time, Stassen had stated that aid should be withheld from “socialistic” countries. Morse was referring to the British Labour Party’s nationalization of the steel industry. Stassen responded by asserting that he would be faithful to Eisenhower’s statement in his inaugural address that the United States would never use its “strength to impress upon another people our own cherished political and social institutions.” Morse was not impressed, but he eventually joined his colleagues in approving Stassen’s appointment.
Special Assistant for Disarmament, 1955–1958
Authors: Kaplan Lawrence S.
Published: January 2019

It was apparent from the beginning that the Foreign Operations Administration would have a short life. Arms control and disarmament played a larger role in Eisenhower’s thinking than did the management of foreign aid. After appointing Stassen his special assistant for disarmament, the president appeared to be unnerved by the complicated program he proposed. Eisenhower was particularly put off by the numbers—the 20,000 to 30,000 non-Russian inspectors on Russian soil that Stassen recommended. Dulles, too, derided those figures as unrealistic. Ultimately, according to historian H. W. Brands, Stassen failed to win the president’s support for his plan. Political scientist David Tal phrased Eisenhower’s disapproval more starkly, claiming that he “excoriated the plan” and that the only thing it achieved was to unite. the Atomic Energy Commission, the CIA, the Defense Department, and the Joint Chiefs of Staff against Stassen’s ambitious program.
1957—Stassen’s Gaffe?
Authors: Kaplan Lawrence S.
Published: January 2019

In March 1957 a second round of talks of the UN Subcommittee on Disarmament began in London. Stassen remained the chief US delegate and exhibited his usual exuberant optimism. However, it would have been impossible for him to miss the signal sent from the White House when his disarmament duties were shifted to the State Department on March 1. The experience could not have been more humiliating. Although Stassen understood that he had many enemies in the administration who were pleased with the downgrading of his office, as always, he looked on the positive side of his situation. The inveterate optimist saw glimpses of light in Premier Bulganin’s correspondence with President Eisenhower. Stassen had originally believed that a test ban should be embedded in a complete disarmament package. But if this objective was unattainable, Bulganin presented the alternative of aerial inspections of preselected areas. Could this compromise lead to a more ambitious program?
The Long Anticlimax, June 1957–February 1958
Authors: Kaplan Lawrence S.
Published: January 2019

If Dulles was waiting for Stassen “to step over the line he has drawn so that he can lower the boom,” he had a long wait ahead. Not until February 14, 1958, did Stassen step down and leave the Eisenhower administration. Rumors had been circulating about the president’s dissatisfaction with Stassen’s conduct in London, but Stassen behaved as if the warnings and rebukes had never been issued. The US proposal on disarmament, overseen by Dulles, was a repudiation of many of Stassen’s first-step initiatives. If Stassen recognized that the Soviets’ indictment against the West characterized him as the primary antagonist, his reactions did not reflect it. He dismissed the Soviet criticism, just as he had the criticisms from his colleagues.
The Battle for RDX Production
Authors: Baxter Colin F.
Published: January 2019

The Bachmann “combination” process was a breakthrough toward large-scale production of RDX. The spectacular achievement of Tennessee Eastman Company in developing a continuous method of RDX production. Both physical and human obstacles had to be surmounted by the proponents of RDX. The issue of increased production of the explosive reached the desk of President Roosevelt.
The Great Holston Ordnance Works
Authors: Baxter Colin F.
Published: January 2019

Following the brilliant achievements at Wexler Bend, the Tennessee Eastman Company was asked by the government to design and operate what would become known as the Holston Ordnance Works. During the peak period of construction, approximately eighteen thousand workers were employed in building the enormous RDX plant. Housing, traffic, and other problems. Torpex, an offspring of RDX, would have a significant role in winning the Battle of the Atlantic against German U-boats.
The Aftermath
Authors: Baxter Colin F.
Published: January 2019

World War II had been over for five years. The incredible saga of RDX and the phenomenal accomplishments of the Tennessee Eastman Company and Holston Ordnance Works were fading into the recent past. Public attention turned to the Cold War with the Soviet Union; however, a case involving espionage at Holston Ordnance Works in 1943 would make newspaper headlines in 1950. In June 1950, a former employee of Holston Ordnance, Alfred Dean Slack, was arrested by the FBI, charged with a 1943 act of espionage on behalf of the Soviet Union, and sentenced to ten years in prison.