bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY THEOREM
Authors: SACCAL Alessandro
Published: December 2022

Welfare maximization is constrained by the ultimate frontier of efficient allocations, with a unique, interior optimum. By the second welfare theorem, such an optimum depends on a specific wealth distribution out of innumerable ones at given prices, whereby the state cannot refrain from redistributing. Such has long been known by the profession, but it never received a mathematical formalization, which this article takes up. Building on the literature, this research also presents two simplified proofs to the two welfare theorems and a mathematical formalization of the resolution to the compromise between equity and efficiency, for the additional constraint binds the social welfare function in equity and it originates the ultimate possibility frontier in efficiency.
AGGREGATION WITH A LABOUR-SUPPLY DECISION AND HABITS IN CONSUMPTION
Authors: VASILEV Aleksandar
Published: December 2022

The objective of this paper is to study the problem of a discrete labour supply decision in an artificial economy where the households feature habits in consumption. We demonstrate how lotteries a la Rogerson (1988) can be used to make consumption choices into convex sets, and then produce an equivalent aggregate household with convex labour supply. The presence of consumption habits does not affect the main results of the paper. As in Hansen (1985) and Rogerson (1988) and no consumption habits, with a discrete labor supply decision at individual level, the elasticity of hours worked at the aggregate level increases from one to an infinitely large value.
EUROPEAN UNION - MODEL OF GLOBAL INTEGRATION -IDENTITY THROUGH CULTURAL DIVERSITY
Authors: MATEI Alexandru
Published: December 2022

Cultural identity at both levels - national and international - remains one of the main psychological and spiritual needs. The inability to preserve their own identity automatically and naturally leads to conflicts within a society or within societies in a particular region.

There is tolerance, but not sincere acceptance by peoples on a higher stage of technological and civilization advancement, the values of the new countries that have entered or will enter the European Union.Harmonizing the different cultural systems within the European Union gives the European integration model itself a long-term perspective. This process involves knowledge and respect for cultures and awareness of the European and global interdependence phenomenon, based on the elements and specifics of cultural pluralism, excluding the imposition of a unique learning model while recognizing the importance of respect for the values of other cultures in the spirit of the cultivation of universal values, giving a greater role to international exchanges so that people can move to the European space.Understanding the implications of cultural diversity is one of the challenges of the contemporary world, being one of the main objectives of a new orientation in the globalization process.
IMPROVEMENT OF METHODICAL APPROACHES TO THE MANAGEMENT OF THE SYSTEM OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF BAKERY INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES
Authors: BONDARENKO-BEREHOVYCH Valeriia
Published: December 2022

The article investigates the methods of improving the methodological approaches to the management of the economic security system of the bakery industry. It was found that the creation of such a system requires the intensification of scientific and practical research to improve the theoretical and methodological foundations of economic security systems that would take into account general and specific problems of the industry and were effective in both short and long term. The approaches to the definition of the concept of "economic security of the enterprise" are generalized and systematized and the author's definition of this category is given. The guidelines of the research within the system approach are determined. The components of the economic security management system of the bakery enterprises and their correlation are investigated and substantiated. A system of economic security management of enterprises of the bakery industry has been developed, which takes into account theoretical and methodological studies of systems theory and systems analysis in the field of economic security. Within the framework of the developed system, its main elements are studied and a conclusion is made about the peculiarities of its implementation and functioning.
AGE AND GENDER - SPECIFIC EXCESS MORTALITY DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN HUNGARY IN 2020
Authors: TÓTH Csaba G.
Published: December 2022

The excess mortality indicator is able to capture how an epidemic affects a country’s mortality processes, taking into account direct and indirect, as well as possible effects in different directions. From the point of view of mortality processes in Hungary, the main feature of the first months of 2020 was that seasonal flu claimed fewer victims than in previous years, for this reason we examined last year’s excess mortality for the period between weeks 12 and 52 related to the coronavirus epidemic using a stochastic mathematical model. According to our calculations, excess mortality related to the coronavirus epidemic in Hungary was 13,700 people in 2020, which means a 14% excess in the period under review. Eighty-six percent of those who died were over the age of 65, 10 percent were between the ages of 50 and 64, and the proportion of those aged 49 or younger was 4 percent. In almost all age groups, the excess mortality rate was nearly twice as high for men as for women. According to our calculations, excess mortality was roughly one and a half times the number of victims claimed by the epidemic in 2020 according to official statistics, and we also found a significant difference between the time course of the two indicators.
COVID-19: BEHAVIOR OF PUBLIC FINANCES TOOLS IN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO. ECONOMIC SITUATION AND PERSPECTIVES
Authors: LUBONGO MBILU Yannick
Published: December 2022

Observation of economic life over a long period portrays a succession of phases in which the economic activity is somehow important or decreasing. This succession can either be caused by an endogenous or exogenous sector shock.

This health shock, due to Covid-19, has compromised the macroeconomic stability as well as the economic growth in DRC, even across the world, according to their impact. Additionally, it is the cause of a reduction of the economic activity and has resulted in a huge instability of the global supply and demand. Congolese economy has not experienced satisfactory outcomes, thereby, a conjectural analysis of public finance macroeconomic aggregates enabled to comprehend this situation.

Regarding the hypothesis’s verification, there are variables of income and outlay of independent samples, variables whose variances and means are equal both in the presence or the absence of Covid-19. In the same way, other variables and means are considerably different one another.
The Brexit Hammer: Repercussions for the US and Transatlantic Relations in Times of Corona
Authors: KOHNERT Dirk
Published: December 2022

The global revival of economic nationalism and protectionism poses a serious threat to the international foreign trade policy orientation towards principles of a market economy. Popular economic nationalism such as Trumpism, Brexit or the isolation of the Eastern European Visegrád states from immigrants violates fundamental principles of the WTO. Economists agree that Brexit will hurt the UK economy significantly in the medium and long term. In addition, its political and economic effects will damage the US and transatlantic relations. British Prime Minister Boris Johnson, on the other hand, continues to claim that leaving the EU will enable Britain to "take back control". In addition, the socio-economic effects of the Corona crisis on the US, UK, EU and transatlantic relations are devastating. It has far-reaching political, social and economic consequences that go well beyond public health. All partners need each other more than ever to cope with the Covid crisis. Increased transatlantic cooperation to strengthen resilience would also be necessary in closely related areas of international relations and security issues.
Demographic Policy Construction: Inapt use of Growth Rates Illustrated
Authors: ZUBAIR Hasan
Published: December 2022

The use of ratios, rates, and percentages is prone to manipulation in demographic policy formulation. That the political and economic benefits get distributed pro rata among various communities, fuels the temptation. Democracies are ruled by the majority community; the temptation thus leads to policies adverse to minorities on false reasoning in self-interest. This brief paper illustrates such a misuse of growth rates in a community coined for the purpose.
Assessing the Effects of Real Exchange Rate Depreciation on the Moroccan Economy: Evidence based on SVAR Approach with Sign Restrictions
Authors: AZZOUZI Asmae , BOUSSELHAMI Ahmed
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the dynamic response of a small subset of variables to exchange rate shocks by using a new method based on a set of theory-consistent sign restrictions for the purpose of identifying shocks over time (1995Q1–2019Q1) in the Moroccan economy. It is important to note that the current account presents the so-called “J-curve” phenomenon. Additionally, Morocco entered into a period of deeper and longer recession and higher inflation following the dirham’s depreciation. Following a real depreciation, the output has little effect on improving the current account balance. Our results suggest that the monetary authorities reacted immediately to exchange rate shocks by raising their interest rates to prevent the economy from falling into deflation.
Foreign Trade and Macroeconomic Effects of Exports
Authors: TODOROVA Tamara
Published: December 2022

We find that the IS-LM model and the national income model reinforce each other in the context of exports and the export multiplier. Using simple differentiation techniques, we derive several relationships with respect to foreign trade. As predicted by Keynes, exports have a favorable effect on national income and the interest rate. Exports also increase the average price level and the exchange rate in the country. Through the mechanism of the export multiplier exports increase imports, savings, and consumption. A higher propensity to import reduces national income and fosters a negative trade balance. Similar is the effect of a higher exchange rate which discourages exports and encourages imports.
The Effect of Regulations in an Endogenous Growth Model with Research and Development
Authors: VASILEV Aleksandar
Published: December 2022

We utilize a relatively standard endogenous growth model with intermediaries and research and development (R&D). We augment the setup with government regulations to study the effect of regulations on aggregate allocations. The novelty is that we endogenize the problem of the regulator, so the number of regulations is determined within the model. Next, we solve the model and derive some comparative static results. The qualitative results confirm that more regulation leads to a lower number of intermediaries, but each of those is now larger. Investment in physical capital is higher, but that comes at the expense of lower investment in R&D, lower consumption, lower output, and lower welfare. Overall, the intuition that regulation is bad for the economy is confirmed.
The Marshall Lerner Condition and Money Demand: A Note
Authors: SACCAL Alessandro
Published: December 2022

What are the respective effects of a unit increase in money demand on the real exchange rate and on the current account, all else equal? The real exchange rate is known to appreciate, but the current account need not deteriorate, as the canonical Marshall Lerner condition instead seems to suggest. As this work presents, the current account deteriorates by virtue of a real exchange appreciation due to a fall in the real money supply, all else equal, and vice versa; it further specifies that the current account improves by virtue of a real exchange rate appreciation due to a rise in money demand, all else equal, and vice versa.
POLICY ON BALANCED REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN MACEDONIA - GOALS, CHALLENGES, TRENDS
Authors: TRENOVSKI Borce , PENEV Slagan
Published: December 2022

In this analysis based on available statistics per different regions in Macedonia, we make attempt first to establish the actual situation in terms of distribution of regional development and identify tendencies in individual regions, which will later serve as solid baseline for establishing possible positive movements in individual regions and for identifying key challenges in the policy on balanced regional development, as well as for testing the policy’s effectiveness in the course of years. Moreover, our focus will be on legislative establishment of the policy on balanced regional development in the past decade, assessment of what has been planned and realized, identification of weaknesses and shortfalls in policy implementation, and provision of recommendations aimed at better implementation of these policies in the future.
AGGREGATION WITH A NON-CONVEX LABOUR SUPPLY DECISION, UNOBSERVABLE EFFORT, AND RECIPROCITY (“GIFT EXCHANGE”) IN LABOR RELATIONS
Authors: VASILEV Aleksandar
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this note is to explore the problem of non-convex labour supply decision in an economy with reciprocity in labour relations ("gift exchange") a la Danthine and Kurmann (2010), and explicitly perform the aggregation presented in Vasilev (2017) without a formal proof, and thus provide - starting from micro-foundations - the derivation of the expected utility functions used for the aggregate household. We show how lotteries as in Rogerson (1988) can be used to convexify consumption sets, and aggregate over individual preferences. With a discrete labour supply decisions, the elasticity of aggregate labour supply increases from unity to infinity.
THE CREDIT CHANNEL TRANSMISSION OF MONETARY POLICY IN TUNISIA
Authors: MNA Ali , YOUNSI Moheddine
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the importance of the credit channel in the monetary policy transmission mechanism in Tunisia. Using a VAR approach, we attempt to empirically examine the responses of the major aggregates of the Tunisian economy to monetary policy shocks over the period 1965-2015. Our empirical results show that credit has a significant effect on investment and inflation. The cointegration relationship coupled with the weak erogeneity test shows that credit is an endogenous variable and therefore the long-term equation found is a credit equation. The crucial role of credit channel is argued by the goal of price stability expected by any monetary policy. The analysis of monetary shocks shows the importance of exchange rate policy and the local currency devaluation on the financing mode. It is seen that Tunisian economy is dominated by external conditions. This dominance is confirmed by extensive using of external debts and trade agreements with the dominant countries. The main findings suggest that policymakers should act on the level of economic activity and inflation, on two terms. The first is in short-term by acting on the interest rate and the second is in long-term by controlling the exchange rate.
EVOLUTION OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ROMANIA BETWEEN 2016 - 2018 WITH FORECASTS FOR 2019-2021
Authors: RĂDESCU Octavian Dan
Published: December 2022

In the introduction, the author focuses on a problem, in the past, present and future, eternal actually – globalization. Next, Romania's commercial policy is directed mainly towards the European Union, the largest economic bloc in Europe in 2017 compared to the 2016 or 2018 years, with forecasts for 2019-2021
ON THE QUESTION OF THE RELEVANCE OF ECONOMICS AS A SCIENCE: POSTMODERN FILOSOFIA CRITIQUE
Authors: JACKSON Emerson Abraham
Published: December 2022

This article has adopted an open discourse in addressing pertinent concerns about the scientific existence of economics as a discipline. In doing so, some (critical) Filosofia arguments have been provided in ensuring that a well balanced approach is taken on the subject. Obviously, the approach of Popperian falsification used by economic science to address scientific justification through its varied scientific platform of technology applications like EVIEWS, STATA, MatLab and many more, have been applauded. Albeit such advances, the views of modern and postmodern critics have also come out saliently in a bid to ensuring open discourses are laid on the way forward in adding scientific credence to the subject matter. In concluding, it was acknowledged that more is needed in ensuring that economic science as practiced by economists takes an open approach to critical discourse, reflecting reality about its pursed scientific ventures, given the persistence of economic volatility manifested across the global community.
Performance Evaluation of City Parks Based on Sustainable Landscape Design in Jakarta
Authors: Yuslim Silia , Indrawati Etty
Published: December 2022

Green open spaces, especially urban parks, are needed by the community and the city to minimize environmental problems and improve life quality. City parks in Jakarta have not been able to do so. The research will evaluate the city parks performance based on sustainable landscape design to see how well city parks have the functions as contained in the 2019 Green Open Spaces Guidelines for Sustainable Development and Development. Previous research has measured the city parks performance as their functions related to ecological, health/quality of life, economic, aesthetic, socio-cultural aspects. This study will add the aspect of mitigation as one of the measurement variables and at the same time as an update of the research. The evaluation instrument uses a questionnaire that contains an evaluation variable for city parks performance that combines all the function aspects of city parks with sustainable landscape design and observation principles. The purpose of this research is to provide evaluation results and recommendations. Performance evaluation based on city parks sustainable landscape design, there is no city parks function applied in good category and observationally, the condition of city parks is poorly maintained and gloomy. The recommendation is further research is needed that utilizes a sustainable landscape design to look for more deeply the root causes factors why the function and sustainability of city parks could not be achieved.
Abitare la parola “ecologia”. L’ottica postantropocentrica di Antonella Anedda
Authors: Orzeł Justyna Hanna , Serkowska Hanna
Published: December 2022

The article explores Antonella Anedda’s works from a post-anthropocentric perspective within the theoretical framework of ecocriticism. After mentioning some of the most relevant concepts and ideas connected with these lively approaches in interdisciplinary studies, it presents a brief and deliberately ongoing introduction to an outline of observations on the poet’s production, considering the key eco-categories such as animals, plants and space.
Il caso-Sicilia nel romanzo storico-sociale I vecchi e i giovani di Luigi Pirandello
Authors: Bronowski Cezary
Published: December 2022

The author’s intention is to present the “Sicily case” in Luigi Pirandello’s socio-historical novel The Old and the Young (1913). The article explores the concept of the so-called “Sicily case” in Pirandello, which has not only its own environmental and literary specificity, but also social-political context. It is closely linked to the terrifying image of Sicilian nature that corresponds to the topical motif of the locus amoenus and its complete reversal, seen in the mirror distorted by the political and social climate of the country at the time. The “Sicily case” in Pirandello’s novel becomes a propeller of human consciousness, indeed the writer with several environmental references, the writer indeed highlights the affinities.
Sulle tracce perdute dell’urogallo: un approccio ecocritico a Stagioni di Mario Rigoni Stern
Authors: Bedin Cristiano
Published: December 2022

Stagioni (2006) is the last work by the Italian writer Mario Rigoni Stern and it is like an autobiography that delves into the most important phases of his life and explains his relationship with history and, above all, with nature, the focal point of his literary production. In this contribution, starting from an overview of some theoretical fundamentals of ecocriticism, such as Pastoral and Wilderness, and considering the relationship between ecocriticism and literary studies, we intend to analyze Rigoni Stern’s environmen- talist approach, placing Stagioni in the more complex ecological discourse that the writer built in his long literary career.
Un flâneur al pascolo. Gianni Celati e l’esperienza dell’ambiente
Authors: Brysiak Anna Małgorzata
Published: December 2022

The essay aims to analyze the writings of Gianni Celati and his way of ‘re-narrating’ and ‘re-mapping’ the environment in contemporary times, focusing on two trilogies, namely Narratori delle pianure (1985), Quattro novelle sulle apparenze (1987) and Verso la foce (1989), as well as on the collections of short stories Un eroe moderno (2008), Il benessere arriva in casa Pucci (2008), and Selve d’amore (2013). The paper discusses how the themes addressed by the author, who assumes the role of a flâneur of postmod- ernism, are a way to express his continuous nostalgia for the naturalness, simplicity, and originality of living and narrating.
Wyłączenie odpowiedzialności osób wykonujących zawody medyczne za zachowania związane z przeciwdziałaniem pandemii spowodowanej rozprzestrzenianiem się wirusa SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Bakalarz Katarzyna , Kleemann Sylwia , Rozynek Agata
Published: December 2022

Artykuł ma na celu zwrócenie uwagi na nieustannie zmieniające się okoliczności spowodowane pandemią. Nowa sytuacja wymaga dostosowania, a także zmiany przyzwyczajeń społeczeństwa. Epidemia wpływa również na systemy prawne, zwłaszcza na prawo karne. W związku z tym nasuwają się pytania, w szczególności, w jaki sposób ustawodawstwo może zabezpieczyć przeciążoną służbę zdrowia przed potencjalną odpowiedzialnością karną. W niniejszym opracowaniu omówione zostały najbardziej dyskusyjne aspekty, z którymi może się zmierzyć personel medyczny, w szczególności odmowa udzielania świadczeń zdrowotnych, gdy lekarzowi nie zapewnia się środków ochrony indywidualnej lub konflikt obowiązków podczas leczenia. Ponadto, w artykule przedstawiono nowo wprowadzoną instytucję – klauzulę dobrego samarytanina, która w szczególnych okolicznościach zwalnia od odpowiedzialności karnej pracowników służby zdrowia określonych w ustawie, za wskazane przestępstwa. Kwestie przedstawione powyżej opierają się na bezwzględnie obowiązujących przepisach prawa, poglądach doktryny i orzecznictwa, a także stanowisku służb medycznych.
Wybrane problemy związane ze szczególnym statusem Skarbu Państwa w spółkach handlowych
Authors: Michalak Sebastian
Published: December 2022

Potrzeby współczesnego społeczeństwa wymagają od państwa aktywnego uczestnictwa w obrocie gospodarczym w celu realizacji zadań publicznych. Jedną z form aktywności państwa w gospodarce są spółki handlowe z udziałem Skarbu Państwa. Autor przeanalizował wybrane problemy związane z uczestnictwem Skarbu Państwa w spółkach handlowych. Przedstawione problemy wynikają z możliwości kolizji interesu państwa realizowanego przez Skarb Państwa oraz interesu spółki, który powinny realizować jej organy. W opracowaniu przybliżono pojęcie interesu państwa oraz przedstawiono sposoby jego realizacji w ramach spółek handlowych z udziałem Skarbu Państwa. Nadto w artykule poruszono problem instrumentów, jakie prawo prywatne oraz prawo publiczne daje stationes fisci Skarbowi Państwa w celu zapewnienia realizacji interesu publicznego przez spółki z udziałem Skarbu Państwa. Istotnym zagadnieniem jest odpowiedzialność członków zarządu, którzy działając zgodnie z interesem państwa, naruszają jednocześnie interes spółki. Na tle powyższych rozważań przedstawiona została kwestia zgodności z prawem Unii Europejskiej regulacji, przewidujących szczególne narzędzia Skarbu Państwa służące do zapewnienia realizacji zadań publicznych, które mogą prowadzić do zniechęcania nowych inwestorów do uczestnictwa w spółce.
Zakres zdatności arbitrażowej w prawie polskim
Authors: Wisławska Aleksandra
Published: December 2022

Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia zagadnienie zdatności arbitrażowej z perspektywy prawa polskiego. Pojęcie zdatności arbitrażowej jest definiowane jako dopuszczalność rozstrzygnięcia danego sporu przez sąd polubowny. W prawie polskim zdatność arbitrażowa jest uregulowana w przepisie art. 1157 Kodeksu postępowania cywilnego, który uległ istotnej nowelizacji we wrześniu 2019 r. Analizie poddano zakres zdatności arbitrażowej w prawie polskim, odnosząc się do kategorii spraw, które mogą zostać rozstrzygnięte w postępowaniu arbitrażowym, jak również do spraw, które nie posiadają zdatności arbitrażowej, a tym samym nie mogą podlegać kognicji sądów polubownych. W artykule odniesiono się również do skutków nowelizacji zakresu zdatności arbitrażowej, a także dokonano jej pozytywnej oceny z perspektywy prawnoporównawczej, wskazując, że pozwoliła ona na doprecyzowanie stosowania kryterium zdatności ugodowej wyłącznie do sporów o prawa niemajątkowe. Podkreślono, że oparcie zdatności arbitrażowej na kryterium zdatności ugodowej, mając na względzie i porównując tę konstrukcję do konstrukcji nieograniczonej zdatności arbitrażowej sporów o charakterze majątkowym, wydaje się nieefektywne z uwagi na nieprecyzyjny kształt pojęcia zdatności ugodowej.
Ochrona danych osobowych w sprawach karnych a zakres uprawnień przysługujących jednostce w świetle dyrektywy 2016/680 oraz ustawy o ochronie danych osobowych przetwarzanych w związku z zapobieganiem i zwalczaniem przestępczości
Authors: Boniec-Błaszczyk Daria
Published: December 2022

Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu jest problematyka ochrony danych osobowych w sprawach karnych w kontekście zakresu uprawnień przysługujących jednostce w świetle dyrektywy 2016/680 oraz ustawy o ochronie danych osobowych przetwarzanych w związku z zapobieganiem i zwalczaniem przestępczości.

W artykule przedstawiono znaczenie uprawnień osób, których dane dotyczą, dla ochrony danych osobowych w sprawach karnych w świetle podstawowych celów dyrektywy 2016/680. Zasadniczą część artykułu stanowi analiza, której poddano poszczególne uprawnienia statuowane przez dyrektywę 2016/680: prawo dostępu informacji o organie przetwarzającym i warunkach przetwarzania danych, prawo dostępu do danych, prawo do sprostowania, usunięcia lub ograniczenia przetwarzania danych, a także środki ochrony prawnej, poprzez porównanie przewidzianego w dyrektywie 2016/680 wzorca z polską regulacją.
Dopuszczalność zastrzeżenia kary umownej na wypadek odstąpienia od umowy z powodu naruszenia zobowiązania (nie)pieniężnego
Authors: Bykowicz Karolina
Published: December 2022

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest próba ujęcia problematyki dopuszczalności zastrzeżenia kary umownej na wypadek odstąpienia od umowy, w sytuacji gdy podstawą odstąpienia jest naruszenie zobowiązania o charakterze pieniężnym. Analiza tego zagadnienia zostanie przeprowadzona w oparciu o poglądy orzecznictwa i doktryny. W pierwszej części artykułu zostanie zwięźle scharakteryzowane pojęcie kary umownej. Już z woli samego ustawodawcy, kara umowna ma naprawiać szkodę, która powstała z niewykonania lub nienależytego zobowiązania niepieniężnego. Autorka wskazuje na szereg kontrowersji, jakie powstały w orzecznictwie w związku z możliwością zastrzeżenia kary umownej z tytułu odstąpienia od umowy na wypadek naruszenia zobowiązania o charakterze pieniężnym. W judykaturze wykształciły się dwie linie orzecznicze. Pierwsza opowiada się za dopuszczalnością, na zasadzie swobody umów, takiej konstrukcji prawnej. Druga z kolei wskazuje, iż takie postanowienia umowne są nieważne jako sprzeczne z bezwzględnie obowiązującą regulacją art. 483 k.c. Przełomowa dla niniejszych rozważań pozostaje uchwała składu siedmiu sędziów Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 20 listopada 2019 r., opowiadająca się jednoznacznie za niedopuszczalnością zastrzeżenia kary umownej na wypadek odstąpienia od umowy z powodu naruszenia zobowiązania o charakterze pieniężnym.
Wybrane aspekty ochrony ludności cywilnej podczas konfliktów zbrojnych w świetle Konwencji genewskich i Protokołów dodatkowych
Authors: Chrząścik Wojciech
Published: December 2022

Międzynarodowe prawo humanitarne konfliktów zbrojnych stanowi obecnie ugruntowane ramy prawne dla ochrony ludności cywilnej i osób cywilnych w czasie konfliktów zbrojnych. Ochrona ludności cywilnej jest współcześnie jednym z najważniejszych i jednocześnie najtrudniejszych celów stawianych prawu humanitarnemu. Spośród wszystkich regulacji szczególne znaczenie posiadają Konwencje genewskie z 1949 r. i oba Protokoły dodatkowe z 1977 r. stanowiące swoisty rdzeń tej ochrony. Jasno określają one zasady postępowania sił zbrojnych stron konfliktu w stosunku do autochtonicznej ludności cywilnej, cudzoziemców, osób poddanych specjalnej lub szczególnej ochronie, zarówno w sytuacji bezpośrednich działań zbrojnych, jak i w trakcie okupacji wojennej. Wreszcie akty te dostarczają również możliwości wykorzystania alternatywnych sposobów ochrony osób i obiektów cywilnych, choćby w postaci ustanowienia stref zdemilitaryzowanych czy zasad pokojowej ewakuacji obszarów wysokiego ryzyka.
Problematyka dowodów uzyskanych sprzecznie z prawem w polskim postępowaniu cywilnym
Authors: Dwiecki Krzysztof
Published: December 2022

Celem artykułu jest omówienie problematyki dowodów uzyskanych sprzecznie z prawem w polskim postępowaniu cywilnym, z uwzględnieniem takich zagadnień, jak: definicja pojęć „dowód” i „dowód uzyskany sprzecznie z prawem”, konieczność rozstrzygnięcia konfliktu dóbr w związku z wykorzystaniem dowodu uzyskanego sprzecznie z prawem oraz poglądy judykatury dotyczące możliwości wykorzystania takich dowodów w procesie. Pomimo braku uregulowania tych kwestii w prawie cywilnym procesowym – Kodeksie postępowania cywilnego – polska doktryna procesu cywilnego ma znaczący dorobek naukowy związany z dowodami uzyskanymi sprzecznie z prawem. Niezależnie od teoretycznych rozważań dokonano przeglądu stanowisk prezentowanych w orzecznictwie polskich sądów powszechnych i Sądu Najwyższego na temat zakazu lub braku zakazu wykorzystywania tego rodzaju dowodów w procesie, na podstawie których można wysunąć wniosek, że nie istnieje jednolita linia orzecznicza opowiadająca się za całkowitym, częściowym lub brakiem zakazu wykorzystania dowodów uzyskanych sprzecznie z prawem w praktyce sądowej. W związku z powyższym należy stwierdzić, że nie jest możliwe przeprowadzenie precyzyjnego podziału pomiędzy dowodami uzyskanymi sprzecznie z prawem, które mogą lub nie mogą być wykorzystane w procesie, gdyż jest to kwestia podlegająca ocenie w każdym odrębnym stanie faktycznym przez sąd jako organ procesowy.
Dispositional Mindfulness and the Process of Mindfulness Cultivation: A Qualitative Synthesis and Critical Assessment of the Extant Literature on the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)
Authors: Burzler Matthias A. , Tran Ulrich S.
Published: December 2022

Background: Over the last decades, mindfulness has become an important concept and topic for many professions and interventional research. While the number of available self-report scales and empirical studies on the concept of mindfulness has increased in recent years, some questions regarding its theoretical underpinnings still remain.

Objective: The goal of this systematic review and qualitative synthesis was to investigate the distinction of cultivated and dispositional mindfulness. We focused on research with the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) as it is both comprehensive (building on and incorporating other important mindfulness scales) and widely used.

Data Sources: Journal articles and dissertations listed in Google Scholar, ProQuest, Scopus, Web of Science, and World Cat from January 2006 until January 2020.

Review Methods: 172 studies were identified and systematically analyzed in a two-step iterative qualitative coding framework with three main categories of interest: FFMQ and its facets, dispositional mindfulness, cultivated mindfulness.

Results: We offer a broad summary of the extant literature on the concepts of dispositional and cultivated mindfulness in terms of their definition, the practice of mindfulness, their state and trait aspects, and their assessment with self-report scales. Based on this evidence, inference on cultivated and dispositional aspects in the individual FFMQ facets is also presented and discussed.

Conclusion: Mindfulness cultivation is a process induced by mindfulness practice. Dispositional mindfulness functions as a baseline for this process. We argue that each FFMQ facet mixes cultivation and disposition, which might limit their usability in intervention studies or when comparing meditators and non-meditators. Future research should pay more attention on the cultivated and dispositional aspects of mindfulness, for which we offer venues and recommendations.
Quality Of Lighting In Regular And Fullday Class Tsanawiyah Miftahul Huda Tayu Pati
Authors: Solichah Solichah , Yulianti Ian
Published: December 2022

An analysis of the quality of the lighting level in the classroom needs to be carried out to determine the existing lighting level. If the level of lighting is below the specified standard, it can cause eye damage.  Meanwhile, if the level of lighting is above the standard, the classroom will be too bright. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of lighting in the Regular and Full Day classroom of  MTs. Miftahul Huda Tayu. The tools and materials used in this experiment are lux meter, roller meter and thermohygro. The experiment was carried out in the Regular class school building and the Full Day classroom building with a sample of three rooms per building with each room representing each floor. The experiment was carried out during the day for three consecutive days. There are two types of the intensity measured in this experiment, namely natural intensity (lights off) and natural artificial intensity (lights on). In each room, 9 points were taken. The floor area and window area were measured using a roller meter. From the experiments that have been carried out, it can be concluded that the lighting in the Regular class (17-73 lux) and Full Day class (97-181 lux) buildings do not meet Indonesian National standards (Standar Nasional Indonesia, SNI).
Multiorgan sarcoidosis as a diabetes insipidus mask
Authors: Guziejko Katarzyna , Minarowski Łukasz , Piłaszewicz-Puza Agata , Szumera-Ciećkiewicz Anna , Mróz Robert Marek
Published: December 2022

Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory, multisystem disease with an undetermined etiology. The presence of noncaseating granulomas in involved organs is a characteristic pathomorphological feature. Sarcoidosis, like a chameleon, can mimic different medical conditions. Although the lungs are most commonly involved, extrapulmonary manifestations can influence any system. The clinical course of the disease may differ. Immediate initiation of glucocorticosteroid therapy is important when critical organs are impaired. A case of a patient with sarcoidosis whose first clinical symptoms were related to diabetes insipidus (DI) was presented. The diagnosis of multiple organ sarcoidosis was delayed because of an adequate response to treatment with vasopressin. The multidisciplinary diagnostic approach validated the involvement of the pituitary gland, lungs, lymph nodes, bones, and subcutaneous tissue. The presented case emphasizes the critical importance of the multifaceted differential diagnosis of patients with DI.

Learning points

Sarcoidosis usually affects the lung but can also be a multisystemic disease.

The assessment of the extension of sarcoidosis remains complex.

A multidisciplinary approach must identify all-organ involvement and initiate appropriate sarcoidosis treatment.

Diabetes insipidus (DI) can be the first symptom of a systemic granulomatous disorder.

In the differential diagnosis of DI, a comprehensive assessment of rare causes of endocrine disorders, including extrapulmonary sarcoidosis, should be considered.
Digital – völlig normal?! – Fachsprachenvermittlung im digitalen Zeitalter
Authors: Busch-Lauer Ines-A.
Published: December 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic prompted a sudden shift in the teaching and learning processes from on-site to online. This paper presents the experience made in the digital LSP classrooms for students at the University of Applied Sciences Zwickau during 2020 and 2021, exemplifying the situation in two degree programmes – Data Science and German Business Communication. Data Science as a B.Sc. degree course was introduced at the UAS Zwickau in 2019 and has since gained in attractiveness for students from across Germany. German Business Communication as a new profile in the Languages and Business Administration degree (leading to a B.A. double degree with partner institutions) started in autumn 2021 and has since gained momentum. This paper draws on the experiences made in these programmes during the digital transfer process with regard to administration and LSP content management. The positive response of the students to the digital course structure is clear evidence that digital formats can substantially contribute to make tertiary teaching and learning pandemic-resilient.
Wie Funktionen ihre Formen finden (und umgekehrt)
Authors: Eichinger Ludwig M.
Published: December 2022

One tried - in the 18th century - to optimize the relation between the number of nominal casus of German and the set of semantic categories of which the argument structures of sentences are formed. In spite of only four different case forms, six case positions were used. These are functional categories which, as tertia comparationis, are suitable to shed light on the functional load of the (present) formal cases - especially the dative – and the importance of different kinds of prepositional phrases.
Kohärenz(relationen) in Stadtbuchprotokollen des 15. und 16. Jahrhunderts aus Dresden
Authors: Hünecke Rainer
Published: December 2022

The subject of the study are the protocols in the city book from Dresden, which were written by ten town clerks between 1404 and 1534. Coherence relations between propositions at the whole sentence level are predominantly indicated with the help of cohesion means. An incipient change could be observed with the town clerk Lorenz Busch (town clerk from 1488 to 1512). For the first time, he uses a text pattern in which the relationship of the propositions at the whole sentence level was no longer characterized by formal means. As a result of this study, a process of change from an explicit marking of the textual context to a lesser or non-marking of the textual context can be observed.
Mährisch-Schlesien als Bestandteil der Nebenländer der Böhmischen Krone im ,Register und kurzen Verzeichnis der Privilegien und Briefe des Königreichs Böhmenʻ. Eine historiolinguistische Fallstudie
Authors: Vodrážková Lenka
Published: December 2022

The article presents the ʻRegister and Brief List of Privileges and Letters of the Kingdom of Bohemiaʼ from the beginning of the 16th century, which is based on the crown archive of the Czech lands and established at Karlštejn Castle. The study especially deals with the parts of the Register which concern Moravian Silesia, namely the areas of Opava, Těšín and Krnov, and it also describes the ʻRegisterʼ as an interesting and important historical document from the textological point of view, based on a comparison of two German manuscripts of the ʻRegisterʼ currently held in Berlin and Brno.
Text- und Satzstrukturen in medizinischen Fachtexten für Praktiker: Der mittelhochdeutsche ‚Bartholomäus‘
Authors: Wich-Reif Claudia
Published: December 2022

By analyzing textual and sentence structures of the so-called ‚Bartholomäus‘, a medical compilation for practitioners, this paper demonstrates how an internal expert idiom is mirrored in the textʼs syntactical constitution. It can be shown that the text obviously fulfills the needs of the users by creating single sentences in a rather simple way. The (missing) punctuation and the somewhat unsystematic capitalization might be seen as an inconsistency at first glance, as both these factors collide with the present day expectation to get a grip on sentence structures by looking at the nominal and verbal patterns which are united by capitalization after a full stop up to the next full stop. In my interpretation, however, the irrelevance of punctuation underlines and stresses a contemporary reception led by keywords and formulaic patterns.
Wie schön, dass sie spürt, dass man auch meine Freude teilen kann. Der Weg zur Erstkommunion im Spiegel des Romans von Lene Mayer-Skumanz ,Ein Löffel Honigʻ und dessen tschechische Translation
Authors: Zlá Iveta
Published: December 2022

Although Lene Mayer-Skumanz is one of the most renowned contemporary Austrian authors. Her literary work is known to Czech readers among other things2 thanks to her novel ʻEin Löffel Honigʼ, which was translated into Czech in 2018. Even though the novel deals with essential existential questions as well as interpersonal relationships, its language suits children's readers. In this context, the translation of the cited novel poses some challenges for the translator, who must take the target recipient strongly into account. The intentions of the present study not only include the analysis of the selected text passages, but also focus on the linguistic adaptation of the translation to the children's reading audience and the transfer of its didactic potential.
Angkor Wat
Authors: Romain William F
Published: December 2022

Angkor Wat is one of the largest religious structures in the world. Much has been written about the site; what has not been explained, however, is why the structure was located where it is. In this paper it is suggested that Angkor Wat was intentionally situated at the intersection of two astronomically related lines of position – one to the summer solstice sunrise over the Rong Chen temple on Phnom Kulen, and the other to cardinal east or the equinox in alignment with a site known as Preah Khan of Kompong Svay. Political and cosmological implications of these findings are discussed. Supportive data showing how Rong Chen is likewise situated at intersecting lines of position is also presented. Importantly, the Rong Chen temple is where Jayavarman II – founder of the Khmer Empire in the ninth century AD – was declared universal ruler (chakravartin).
Milky Way – A Visual Perception Through Time
Authors: Kennett Carolyn
Published: December 2022

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Our Galaxy in Culture
Authors: Gullberg Steven
Published: December 2022

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Efrosyni Boutsikas, The Cosmos in Ancient Greek Religious Experience: Sacred Space, Memory, and Cognition
Authors: Rashed Mai A
Published: December 2022

Efrosyni Boutsikas, The Cosmos in Ancient Greek Religious Experience: Sacred Space, Memory, and Cognition Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. Hardback, 278 pp., ISBN 9781108769082. £75.00. Ebook £53.99.
Jo Marchant, The Human Cosmos: A Secret History of the Stars
Authors: Krupp E C
Published: December 2022

Jo Marchant, The Human Cosmos: A Secret History of the Stars Edinburgh: Canongate Books 2020. Hardback, 359 pp. ISBN 9781786894021. £16.99.
Andrew F. Jones. 2020. Circuit Listening: Chinese Popular Music in the Global 1960s
Authors: Amar Nathanel
Published: December 2022

Andrew F. Jones. 2020. Circuit Listening: Chinese Popular Music in the Global 1960s.Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press. ix + 304pp. ISBN 978-1-5179-0207-0 (pbk)
O IDADISMO DISFARÇADO DE HUMOR: o caso do vídeo Caminhão “Cata Véio” e a pandemia por Covid-19
Authors: Teixeira Débora Pires
Published: December 2022

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma análise do vídeo humorístico Prantão do Chico: Caminhão “Cata Véio”, do canal Youtube® Reclamação do Dia, como uma ferramenta de difusão do idadismo em meio à pandemia por Covid-19. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa se classifica como documental e interpretativa. A análise do vídeo foi inspirada na metodologia “Análise de imagens em movimento”, de Diane Rose (2011), que se divide em quatro fases: seleção, transcrição, codificação e tabulação. O vídeo humorístico, pelo seu caráter de leveza, funciona como uma pedagogia cultural de difusão do idadismo, baseado na ridicularização e infantilização da velhice. Além de não contribuir para o efetivo combate da Covid-19, pois não tem o caráter instrutivo, é um material depreciativo, que invisibiliza o velho e desconsidera suas vontades, desejos e direitos.
COVID-19 E O CASO DAS NOVÍSSIMAS UNIVERSIDADES FEDERAIS: HÁ UMA POSSÍVEL RELAÇÃO DE APRENDIZAGEM À DEMOCRACIA E AO COMUM?
Authors: Nascimento Ives Romero Tavares do , Santos Cinthia Lima dos
Published: December 2022

Este ensaio tem como objetivo estabelecer uma possível relação de aprendizagem institucional e organizacional a de resposta social aos problemas ocasionados pela emergência sanitária de Covid-19, a partir da experiência brasileira de criação das chamadas novíssimas universidades federais. Nestas instituições, preponderou a participação e o engajamento para que pudessem ser formatadas a partir da lógica da educação regionalizada, como potencializadora de processos de desenvolvimento territorial. Essa relação teórico-reflexiva é construída a partir das considerações de Tenório (2020) e Giannella (2020) sobre os efeitos sociais da Covid-19 no que diz respeito à questão social acrescida, no que toca a uma necessária repactuação democrática, e à redefinição do Comum num mundo pós-pandêmico, respectivamente. Ao final, este ensaio propõe que a experiência das novíssimas universidades federais pode ser uma importante instrumentalização para a concretização de respostas aos questionamentos trazidos para esta contribuição.
POLÍTICA DE CURRÍCULO, ENSINO MÉDIO E SOCIOLOGIA: UM OLHAR SOBRE A PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA
Authors: Andrade de Oliveira Brena Kécia , Barbosa de Oliveira Meyre-Ester
Published: December 2022

O presente trabalho busca investigar a produção de dissertações e teses relacionadas a políticas de currículo para o ensino médio que focalizem a disciplina de Sociologia, considerando sua intermitência histórica no currículo oficial, como um fato problemático. O objetivo desse estudo é conhecer os direcionamentos realizados pelas respectivas pesquisas, possibilitando, por conseguinte, refletirmos sobre a epistemologia, enquanto construção social. Ancoramos as análises dos estudos realizados em Ball (2001), Ball e Bower (1994), Mainardes (2006) e Lopes (2008). O presente arcabouço contextual se estabelece por intermédio da pesquisa de cunho qualitativo, subsidiada pela revisão de literatura. As produções acadêmicas analisadas apresentam particularidades, no que tange aos procedimentos metodológicos, aos interlocutores e às delimitações dos objetos de pesquisa. Há inclusive em alguns trabalhos um direcionamento de prescrição sobre como as instituições escolares devem proceder no processo educativo. Aliado a esse panorama, a Sociologia, enquanto componente curricular é situada numa gama de jogos de interesses em constantes disputas.