bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LATIN SAYINGS AS AN EDUCATIONAL ASPECT FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors: Prokop I. A. , Savaryn T. V. , Navolska H. I.
Published: June 2020

The research is aimed at deepening and extending the knowledge regarding interpretation of Latin sayings and their role in the formation of future doctors’ professional culture. The use of Latin idioms for healthy lifestyle promotion since antiquity has been analysed. The aphorisms, one way or another characterizing human physical health, are divided into four theme groups depending on the meaningful context. 

The first group is represented by the phrases, in which human health is directly related to food and hygiene. The second group of aphorisms calls for constant work both physical and mental, since it is regular and unceasing work on oneself that can lead to physical and spiritual health. The third group is aimed at human physiological health and formation of decision-making capacity with regard to enhancing one’s health, as well as developing habits and, further, need for keeping to hygienic rules and maintaining neatness of one’s body. The fourth group symbolizes hard work and patience for the sake of victory over one’s own nature. 

Upon the analysis of the meaning of the word “health” in the Latin phraseology, it has been determined that organism integrity and strength are the main health characteristics. Peace of mind, good sleep, healthy food, moderate eating and drinking, as well as hardening, ignoring worries, cheerful disposition, loyal friends, physical exercises, etc. are needed for maintaining healthy lifestyle.
DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS’ COGNITIVE ACTIVITY
Authors: Protsyk H. M.
Published: June 2020

It has been investigated different approaches to the definition of the concepts of “cognitive activity”, “cognitive functioning” and “cognitive autonomy”. Their comparisons have also been made. As a result we have found that cognitive function as a form of mental activity is aimed at cognition, perception and thinking of the learning subject. Cognitive activity is characterized as a personality trait that manifests itself in its relation to the process of cognition, readiness and desire for cognitive activity. It is proved that cognitive autonomy is a quality of the personality, which is inherent in the desire and ability without the help (independently) to acquire the necessary knowledge and skills, to solve tasks.

The means, methods and conditions for improvement of students’ cognitive activity are determined i.e. a game as a way of activating cognitive functioning, project method, cognitive tasks, modeling, independent work, vocabulary work, web quest technology, project activity. It is concluded that all of them are focused on the students’ creative work, on the avoiding of the standard form of conducting classes and changing of thinking and participation of both the student and the teacher. It is noted the essential role of the teacher in the process of using such activities while working with students. The contemplative and guiding functions of the teacher in the learning process are distinguished. The importance of creating a work atmosphere comfortable for all participants is emphasized.

Emphasis is placed on the fact that cognitive activity begins with activity, independence, initiative, desire to know more, go beyond what is already known. It is noted that the relationship between the student and the teacher has moved to the subject-subjective level, which enables the student to independently plan his/her activity, predict the results, be responsible for the final result of learning i.e. knowledge acquisition, comprehensive development and ability to work.
CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE PRACTICAL PSYCHOLOGISTS
Authors: Synyshyna V. M.
Published: June 2020

The scientific achievements of leading scientists on the selected theme are analyzed and leading ideas, concepts, and main definitions of the research are identified in the article.

The creation of proper psycho-didactic conditions in institutions of higher education, which serve as a basis for the formation of professionally significant competences, the development of personal creative potential and active public position in future practical psychologists, is updated. It is argumented that the educational system built on the conceptual foundations of professional training makes it possible to effectively content the educational disciplines, and therefore effective fundamental knowledge, professional-oriented skills, advanced skills, professional norms and values, which have the highest degree of generalization of social phenomena and processes.

It is proved that the concept of the study of practical psychology combines professional methodological, philosophical and general scientific principles and scientific-methodological approaches, which are directed at the revealing future professional activity. The outlined conceptual foundations of professional training allow us to modify the educational process in higher education according to the individual needs of future practical psychologists.

The methodological analysis of educational phenomenon of practical psychology in institutions of higher education on four basic levels is offered: philosophical-theoretical (evolutionary-theoretical formation of the specialist and his or her effective functioning), methodological (formation of the system of world-view and semantic individual formations for realization of individual’s educational skills and abilities), specific-scientific (acquisition of fundamental knowledge about professional activities) and technological (effective use of methods and techniques of research for acquisition of true empirical knowledge).

The conclusion about the importance of outlining of conceptual foundations in the system of professional training of future practical psychologists is made.
Oficina de estudos pedagógicos em relações públicas
Authors: Cabral Raquel , Guaraldo Tamara De Souza Brandão , Andrelo Roseane , Santos Célia Maria Retz Godoy dos , Porém Maria Eugênia
Published: June 2020

Este estudo apresenta uma pesquisa-ação realizada por meio de oficinas de estudos pedagógicos para avaliação conjunta do projeto político-pedagógico do Curso de Relações Públicas da Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp-Bauru). As oficinas, realizadas desde 2017, envolvem docentes e discentes na discussão de conteúdos, metodologias, estrutura do curso e atende demandas regionais do mercado e da formação em universidade pública. Como resultado, destaca-se o compromisso central na mediação do projeto político-pedagógico de relações públicas: a participação dos envolvidos em todas as etapas da pesquisa participativa.
Neurociência, inovação e a nova educação superior
Authors: Zwicker Melanie Retz Godoy dos Santos
Published: June 2020

Diante das aceleradas transformações da sociedade, da inovação como palavra de ordem e do avanço da neurociência na compreensão da aprendizagem, este levantamento bibliográfico propõe uma reflexão sobre uma nova maneira de pensar a educação no ensino superior de relações públicas. Refletindo sobre a “modernidade líquida”, o novo papel do professor, a necessidade da educação continuada com foco no aprendente e em metodologias ativas, o artigo apresenta seis contribuições fundamentais da neurociência para uma nova concepção de educação.
Comunicação, teorias, ensino
Authors: Fagundes Esnél José , Moura Cláudia Peixoto de
Published: June 2020

O presente relato tem como objetivo traçar a trajetória da temática relacionada ao ensino e às teorias, à formação e à fundamentação, às metodologias e à história da área nos congressos da Associação Brasileira de Pesquisadores de Comunicação Organizacional e de Relações Públicas (Abrapcorp), sendo seus registros uma contribuição para a memória do grupo de pesquisa. Uma cronologia da temática é apresentada considerando a denominação e a ementa do grupo, os assuntos abordados, os autores participantes, com base em uma pesquisa de documentação nos anais dos eventos de 2007 a 2019.
Textos de Velimir Khlébnikov em tradução anotada
Authors: Zwick Ludmila Menezes
Published: June 2020

Estes seis textos de Velimir Khlébnikov, escritos entre 1904 e 1916, expressam sua reverência à natureza e à inventividade, querelam com as gerações passadas e com vozes de autoridade de sua época, clamam pela liberdade dos povos, pela extirpação do conservadorismo instituído e pela vinda do futurismo. O primeiro, Deixe-os ler na lápide, trata de suas crenças sobre a natureza e as coisas vivas, e resume, em tom de burla, seus feitos; o segundo, Cerca de cinco ou mais sentidos, trata de uma espécie de teoria da metamorfose de todas as coisas e de suas respectivas percepções pelos sentidos. Em Observações polêmicas de 1913, manifesta-se contra figuras públicas que criticavam o futurismo; em Seu tagarela sem talento!, Khlébnikov critica alguns futuristas, evidenciando que o futurismo era um movimento cheio de nuanças e apenas parcialmente coeso; em Nota autobiográfica, apresenta suas origens e expõe com firmeza alguns de seus posicionamentos, e em Carta a dois japoneses, estende as mãos à juventude do oriente.
Meu caminho
Authors: Nogueira André
Published: June 2020

Tradução poética do poema Meu caminho [Мой путь], de Serguei Iessiênin (1895-1925).
Preservation and Changes in Oscillatory Dynamics across the Cortical Hierarchy
Authors: Lundqvist Mikael , Bastos André M. , Miller Earl K.
Published: June 2020

Theta (2–8 Hz), alpha (8–12 Hz), beta (12–35 Hz), and gamma (>35 Hz) rhythms are ubiquitous in the cortex. However, there is little understanding of whether they have similar properties and functions in different cortical areas because they have rarely been compared across them. We record neuronal spikes and local field potentials simultaneously at several levels of the cortical hierarchy in monkeys. Theta, alpha, beta, and gamma oscillations had similar relationships to spiking activity in visual, parietal, and prefrontal cortices. However, the frequencies in all bands increased up the cortical hierarchy. These results suggest that these rhythms have similar inhibitory and excitatory functions across the cortex. We discuss how the increase in frequencies up the cortical hierarchy may help sculpt cortical flow and processing.
Adverse weather reduces the spatial use of an opportunistic gull
Authors: Zorrozua Nere , Delgado Sergio , Aldalur Asier , Arizaga Juan
Published: June 2020

Studying the individual or population response of species to variations in weather is gaining impetus due to increased interest in quantifying the effect of global change on biodiversity. Our goal here was to test the role of meteorological conditions (particularly extreme weather) on the activity budget of a generalist seabird species during its breeding season. To this end we used data from GPS-tracked adult yellow-legged gulls (Larus michahellis). Precipitation and wind had a significant impact on spatial use, reducing foraging distances and forcing gulls to spend a longer period within the colony and promoting a change in habitat use. The results suggest that rainfall and wind forced breeding gulls to desist from the area and habitats used under favourable weather, which might affect chicks’ food provisioning. In a future with increasing rainfall and a higher number of extreme bad weather events, investigation should be conducted to establish the extent to which reduction in spatial use may negatively impact reproduction and, hence, demography.
“this little people of searchers”
Authors: Kiryushina Galina
Published: June 2020

This essay revisits Samuel Beckett’s prose text The Lost Ones by situating it within the broader contexts of anthropology and documentary cinema. The period of its composition (1965–1970) coincides with Beckett’s concentrated work for, and direct involvement in, film and television, an experience that was also reflected in his drama and prose fiction. Reading the text’s narrative voice as adopting the technique of extradiegetic voice-over—the ‘voice of God,’ a common feature of classical documentaries—the essay explores Beckett’s critique of such a representational strategy.
Hygrophorus deliciosus (Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales), a popular edible mushroom of the H. russula-complex from southwestern China

Authors: WANG CHAO-QUN , LI TAI-HUI
Published: June 2020

A popular edible species of Hygrophorus, locally named as Mitangjun or Qinggangjun, is widely distributed in southwestern China, and has long been named “Hygrophorus russula”. Morphologically, it is very similar to H. parvirussula and H. russula, but it can be distinguished from them by its usually dense pileus scales, distant, fragile, and pinkish white lamellae with pink to reddish discoloration of lamellar edge when mature, and white context when fresh and dried. Phylogenetically, this fungus forms an independent lineage according to the ITS analysis. Ecologically, it is typically associated with Quercus aquifolioides at high elevations (over 3000 m) in southwestern China. Therefore, it is treated as a new species, namely H. deliciosus.
Effects of Hot Water Pre-Extraction on Energy Consumption and Brightness of Bamboo Alkaline Peroxide Mechanical Pulp
Authors: Song Xueping , Kang Xiheng , Jiang Yan , Wu Min , Wang Shuangfei , He Hui
Published: June 2020

The main purpose of this paper was to investigate the effects of hot water pre-extraction (HWP) on the refining energy consumption and the brightness of bamboo alkaline peroxide mechanical pulp (APMP). It was found that compared with un-extraction, the refining energy consumption dropped
by about one-third after HWP. The reduction of energy consumption was proved through enhancing the channel of water and chemicals into inferior fiber based on the surface characterization of bamboo. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed that the HWP made the fibers' structure loose
and porous. Both pore volume and specific surface area were increased significantly after HWP, by 260.00% and 1804.76%, respectively. A decrease in pulp brightness was mainly due to the formation of new chromophore groups during the HWP process. The results of 13C nuclear magnetic
resonance spectroscopy (13C-NMR) illustrated that some structures of milled wood lignin (MWL), such as guaiacyl, etherificated guaiacyl, and aromatic units, were increased during the HWP process. However, some lignin-links units of α-O-4, β-O-4, and some
carbohydrate structures such as xylan, α- and β-glucose, and β-and β-mannose in lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) were evidently degraded. Additionally, most of the lignin and LCC were degraded under the simulative conditions of HWP bamboo.
Furthermore, the analysis of UV spectrophotometry indicated that HWP was conductive to the generation of chromophore groups such as conjugated carbonyl, catechol, and o-benzoquinone.
Enhancing Hydrogen Production Performance by Developing Thermotolerant Fermentative Mixed Consortium via High Temperature Stress Acclimation
Authors: Du Jinyu , Wu Qinglin , Cao Weixing , Wang Jian , Joshee Nirmal , Wang Yi , Zhang Quanguo
Published: June 2020

A thermotolerant fermentative mixed consortium (TFMC) has been screened by directional high temperature stress acclimation for biohydrogen production. The kinetics and metabolic characteristics of TFMC for hydrogen production at high temperature has also been studied. the TFMC can achieve
stable hydrogen production under mesophilic conditions at 38 °C with the maximum potential hydrogen production of 665.09 mL, which is decreases by 9.27% as compared to the original mixed consortium at 30 °C. The TFMC also has characteristic of short lag time of 27 h which is 22 h lower
than initial group and high hydrogen production rate of 9.48 mL/h which improved 12.9%. The newly obtained TFMC highlights a great potential for biohydrogen production in tropical areas.
Effective Removal of Lead from Solution by Sulfate Reducing Bacteria Cultured with Sugar Byproducts
Authors: Yin Juan , Deng Chao-Bing , Zhu Hongxiang , Xiong Jianhua , Sun Zhuo
Published: June 2020

Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) are widely used to remove heavy metals because of their high efficiency. However, the metabolic processes of SRB require additional carbon sources, and the development of low-cost carbon sources has gradually attracted attention. The utilization of sugar
byproduct resources, as the low-cost carbon sources, has great practical significance for environmentally sustainable development in Guangxi, China. This study aims to cultivate SRB with low-cost sugar byproducts, apply them to controlling a lead-polluted environment, and study the effects
and mechanisms of controlling lead pollution. The research results show that the best culture effect of SBR can be obtained by mixing the filter mud and vinasse in a ratio of 1:1 to 3:1. SRB have average lead removal rates of more than 96.97% in solutions with different lead concentration
of 10∼100 mg/L, and SRB have a higher tolerance to high concentrations of lead due to factors such as the organic substance composition of sugar byproducts and the porosity of filter mud. Scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectrometry and X-ray diffraction analysis
show that SRB mainly cause Pb2+ to form PbS precipitate through redox reactions to remove lead from the solution. Therefore, low-cost filters of a mud and vinasse mixture can be used as a medium for SRB and exhibit high heavy metal removal efficiency, thus providing a new utilization
of filter mud and vinasse.
Study on the Influence of Different Catalysts on the Preparation of Ethyl Levulinate from Biomass Liquefaction
Authors: Yang Shuhua , Guan Qian , Li Zijie , Xu Haiyan , Wang Zhiwei , Chen Gaofeng , Lin Lu , Lei Tingzhou
Published: June 2020

The liquefaction experiments of straw biomass under heating and pressure were carried out with sulfuric acid and three ionic liquids as catalysts, 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM] [Cl]), 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([BMIM] [HSO4]), 1-methyl-3-(4-sulfobutyl)
imidazole bisulphate ([HSO3-BMIM] [HSO4]), and anhydrous ethanol as solvent. The effects of catalyst type and dosage, reaction time and reaction temperature on liquefaction were investigated and optimized. The results showed that under the catalysis of sulfuric acid,
the yield of ethyl levulinate was the highest; [HSO3-BMIM] [HSO4], the conversion of raw materials was the highest; when sulfuric acid was used as catalyst, the optimum reaction conditions were catalyst dosage 10%, reaction temperature 190 °C, reaction time 60 min,
the yield of ethyl levulinate (EL) was 18.11%, and the conversion of raw materials was 75%. When [HSO3-BMIM] [HSO4] was used as catalyst, the optimum reaction conditions were as follows: catalyst dosage 26%, reaction temperature 200 °C, reaction time 60 min, the yield
of EL was 10.2%, conversion of raw material 85.31%.
Strategy-in-Practices: A process philosophical approach to understanding strategy emergence and organizational outcomes
Authors: MacKay Brad , Chia Robert , Nair Anup Karath
Published: June 2020

Emergence of a firm’s strategy is of central concern to both Strategy Process (SP) and Strategy-as-Practice (SAP) scholars. While SP scholars view strategy emergence as a long-term macro conditioning process, SAP advocates concentrate on the episodic micro ‘doing’ of strategy actors in formal strategy planning settings. Neither perspective explains satisfactorily how process and practice relate in strategy emergence to produce tangible organizational outcomes. The conundrum of reconciling the macro/ micro distinction implied in process and practice stems from a shared Substantialist metaphysical commitment that attributes strategy emergence to substantive entities. In this article, we draw on Process metaphysics and the practice-turn in social philosophy and theory to propose a Strategy- in-Practices (SIP) perspective. SIP emphasizes how the multitude of coping actions taken at the ‘coal-face’ of an organization congeal inadvertently over time into an organizational modus operandi that provides the basis for strategizing. Strategy, therefore, inheres within socio-culturally propagated predispositions that provide the patterned consistency that makes the inadvertent emergence of a coherent strategy possible. By demonstrating how strategy is immanent in socio-culturally propagated practices, the SIP perspective overcomes the troublesome micro/ macro distinction implied in SP and SAP research. It also advances our understanding of how strategy emergence impacts organizational outcomes.
Uncollected Bones and Ambiguous Loss: Okinawan Mourning Rituals in the Northern Mariana Islands
Authors: Suzuki Taku
Published: June 2020

The study expounds upon the psychological concept of ‘ambiguous loss,’ proposed by Pauline Boss. The article attempts to broaden the concept’s individualistic focus by offering a more ethnographically nuanced and socioculturally contextualized application of the concept. It examines how Okinawan WWII survivors, who repatriated from the Northern Mariana Islands after the war, relied on their belief system to make sense of ‘abnormal’ deaths during war, and the lack of proper mortuary rituals usually conducted for ‘normal’ deaths. The article argues that religio-spiritual rituals during their pilgrimages to the Marianas were the means with which those struggling with ambiguous loss attempt to deal with their psychological trauma and spiritual pain. It is also argued, however, that the uncollected bodies/bones continue to haunt the bereaved families, so their struggle with the loss cannot come to a complete ‘closure,’ resulting in their repeated visits to the sites of their loved ones’ violent deaths.
Online Learning: A Panacea in the Time of COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Dhawan Shivangi
Published: June 2020

Educational institutions (schools, colleges, and universities) in India are currently based only on traditional methods of learning, that is, they follow the traditional set up of face-to-face lectures in a classroom. Although many academic units have also started blended learning, still a lot of them are stuck with old procedures. The sudden outbreak of a deadly disease called Covid-19 caused by a Corona Virus (SARS-CoV-2) shook the entire world. The World Health Organization declared it as a pandemic. This situation challenged the education system across the world and forced educators to shift to an online mode of teaching overnight. Many academic institutions that were earlier reluctant to change their traditional pedagogical approach had no option but to shift entirely to online teaching–learning. The article includes the importance of online learning and Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, & Challenges (SWOC) analysis of e-learning modes in the time of crisis. This article also put some light on the growth of EdTech Start-ups during the time of pandemic and natural disasters and includes suggestions for academic institutions of how to deal with challenges associated with online learning.
Anticipated and Experienced Ethnic/Racial Discrimination and Sleep: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Gordon Amie M. , Prather Aric A. , Dover Tessa , Espino-Pérez Kathy , Small Payton , Major Brenda
Published: June 2020

The transition to college is a stressful experience. For members of underrepresented minority groups, the usual stresses are frequently accompanied by ethnicity-based stressors, including discrimination. This longitudinal study extends prior work on discrimination by examining the prospective associations between anticipated and experienced ethnic/racial discrimination and sleep, a ubiquitous and basic biological need critical for optimal functioning. In a sample of 274 low-income/first-generation Latinx students, results from a cross-lagged panel model revealed that both the anticipation and experience of discrimination at the beginning of college uniquely predicted worsening sleep quality over the second half of freshmen year, controlling for relevant covariates. There was also some evidence for bidirectionality, with poor sleepers experiencing more discrimination. These findings add to the literature linking discrimination and sleep, both of which play large roles in mental, physical, social, and academic outcomes.
Controversies in the Workup and Surgical Management of Parotid Neoplasms
Authors: Moore Michael G. , Yueh Bevan , Lin Derrick T. , Bradford Carol R. , Smith Richard V. , Khariwala Samir S.
Published: June 2020

Objective

Parotid neoplasms are a rare heterogeneous group of tumors with varied clinical presentation and behavior. Here we provide an evidence‐based review of the contemporary approach to evaluation and surgical management of parotid tumors.

Data Source

PubMed and Web of Science Databases.

Review Methods

Searches of the PubMed and Web of Science databases were performed on subjects related to the diagnosis and surgical management of parotid neoplasms. Particular emphasis was placed on the following areas: evaluation of parotid tumors, including imaging workup and the utility of fine‐needle aspiration; extent of surgery of the primary lesion, including the extent of parotidectomy as well as oncologic management of the facial nerve; the extent of surgery of involved and at‐risk cervical lymphatics; and parotid bed reconstruction. Articles published from 2014 to the present were prioritized, supplementing with information from prior studies in areas where data are lacking.

Conclusion

A summary of the literature in these areas is outlined to provide an evidence‐based approach to evaluation and management of parotid neoplasms.

Implications for Practice

While data are available to help guide many aspects of workup and management of parotid neoplasms, further research is needed to refine protocols for this heterogeneous group of diseases.
Images That Liberate: Moral Shock and Strategic Visual Communication in Animal Liberation Activism
Authors: Fernández Laura
Published: June 2020

Animal liberation activists’ visual output invites reflection on the relationships our society has with other animals who live, suffer and die as objects of human exploitation. This paper presents the results of 60 interviews with vegan animal liberation activists in Sweden, Denmark and Spain. The main goal of this research was to consider the effectiveness of different visuals and audiovisuals (particularly violent images producing moral shock) in 1) promoting change in speciesist attitudes (the adoption of veganism), 2) promoting action against speciesism (involvement in activism) and 3) sustaining both veganism and activism in the long term. A second goal was to examine how activists used visual materials in their own efforts to promote anti-speciesism. The third goal was to validate the author’s classification of violent images of farmed exploited animals. The findings suggest that exposure to moral shock was decisive in the adoption of veganism and involvement in activism in most cases. They also show that activists use these visuals to sustain their moral values and practices over time.
Representative Bureaucracy Through Staff With Lived Experience: Peer Coproduction in the Field of Substance Use Disorder Treatment
Authors: Park Sunggeun (Ethan)
Published: June 2020

This study extends the representative bureaucracy literature by theorizing and empirically testing how staff sharing lived experience with service users can serve as user representatives in service provision processes (i.e., the peer coproduction mechanism). Using survey data from a representative sample of substance use disorder treatment clinics in the United States, we explore factors associated with descriptive representation (the presence of staff with firsthand experience of a substance use disorder in both frontline treatment and senior positions) and directors’ perceptions of recovering staff’s potential to serve as user representatives in individual care and organizational decision-making processes. Recovering staff accounted for a third of the field’s workforce, but the majority of the clinics did not employ them in senior staff positions. Regression results suggest that organizational leaders’ recognition of recovering staff’s unique representation capacities may facilitate greater descriptive representation and grant meaningful organizational decision-making authority to recovering staff. Multiple research and practice implications are discussed.
Documentation of normal shape and measurements of the uterine fundus at reproductive age
Authors: Aouad Pascale , Serhal Ali , Dion Elisabeth , Buy Jean-Noël
Published: June 2020

Background

The diagnosis of congenital uterine anomalies and the differentiation between different subtypes is based on various sets of measurements that are difficult to implement during daily workflow.

Purpose

To describe the shape and range of measurements of the normal uterus at the fundus in women of reproductive age.

Material and Methods

This retrospective study was conducted on 200 pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of female patients of reproductive age with normal uteri divided into three age groups (15–24 years, 25–34 years, 35–45 years). The shape of the endometrium and serosa were documented. The thickness from the external to the internal fundic contour and the intercornual distance were measured.

Results

The shape of endometrium is most commonly concave or flat but is not uncommonly convex. The shape of the serosa is convex in most cases but can be flat or concave. There is a progressive increase in thickness at the fundus with increased age with mean values of 10.8, 12.3, and 13.6 mm and ranges of 5.6–15.8 mm, 7–18.7 mm, and 7.3–19.8 mm, respectively, in the first, second, and third age groups. There is a progressive increase in intercornual distance with age with mean values of 41.4, 44.5, 47.2 mm and ranges of 30.6–50.7 mm, 31.5–57.3 mm, and 35.2–61 mm, respectively, in the first, second, and third age groups.

Conclusion

Our study reports the range of normality in shape and measurement of the uterine fundus to aid in the detection of congenital uterine abnormalities.
External validation of Risk of Malignancy Index compared to IOTA Simple Rules
Authors: Mulder Esmee E , Gelderblom Malou E , Schoot Dick , Vergeldt Tineke FM , Nijssen Donna L , Piek Jurgen MJ
Published: June 2020

Background

Mathematical predictive models for ovarian tumors have an advantage over subjective assessment due to their relative simplicity, and therefore usefulness for less experienced sonographers. It is currently unclear which predictive model is best at predicting the nature of an ovarian tumor.

Purpose

To compare the diagnostic predictive accuracy of the International Ovarian Tumour Analysis Simple Rules (IOTA SR) with Risk of Malignancy Index (RMI), to differentiate between benign and malignant ovarian tumors.

Material and Methods

A total of 202 women diagnosed with ovarian tumor(s) were included. Preoperatively, patients were examined through transvaginal ultrasonography and CA-125 (U/mL) levels were measured. RMI and IOTA SR were determined, and where possible compared to definitive histopathological diagnosis.

Results

Of the 202 women with ovarian tumors, 168 women were included in this cohort study. Of these tumors, 118 (70.2%) were benign, 17 (10.1%) were borderline, and 33 (19.7%) were malignant. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve for the RMI were 72.0%, 90.7%, and 0.896, respectively. For the IOTA SR, these were 90.0%, 68.6%, and 0.793, respectively.

Conclusion

This cohort study shows that the RMI is a relatively useful diagnostic model in characterizing ovarian tumors, compared to the IOTA SR. However, due to the relatively low sensitivity of the RMI and high rate of inconclusive results of the IOTA SR, both diagnostic tests do not seem discriminative enough. Therefore, alternative diagnostic models are necessary.
Size Inflation in Drawing From Mirror and Proportional Accuracy in Observational Drawing
Authors: Lou Leon
Published: June 2020

In three experiments, a bias to inflate in drawing the proportion of an image on a mirror over the mirror itself is demonstrated in a sample ( N = 146) of undergraduate students taking introductory psychology classes. The inflation is not confined to the image of one’s own head but is likely to occur in depictions of any object from a mirror with the mirror frame included. Having to include in the drawing background objects visible in the mirror is found to reduce the inflation. The inflation also diminishes with a smaller mirror and at a longer viewing distance. An account for the inflation in terms of a mechanism of size constancy contingent on selective attention is offered. The size of the inflation suggests a conflation of the perceived mirror image size with the size of the distal object it signals rather than a complete take-over by the latter. The reduction of the size inflation when participants are asked draw both a target and background objects is more likely a result of the selective attention to proportional relationships in the mirror scene, rather than a manifestation of an evenly scaled visual space under distributed visual spatial attention. The implications of the findings to improving proportional accuracy in observational drawing are discussed.
Application of Deep Learning for Characterization of Drivers’ Engagement in Secondary Tasks in In-Vehicle Systems
Authors: Osman Osama A. , Rakha Hesham
Published: June 2020

Distracted driving (i.e., engaging in secondary tasks) is an epidemic that threatens the lives of thousands every year. Data collected from vehicular sensor technologies and through connectivity provide comprehensive information that, if used to detect driver engagement in secondary tasks, could save thousands of lives and millions of dollars. This study investigates the possibility of achieving this goal using promising deep learning tools. Specifically, two deep neural network models (a multilayer perceptron neural network model and a long short-term memory networks [LSTMN] model) were developed to identify three secondary tasks: cellphone calling, cellphone texting, and conversation with adjacent passengers. The Second Strategic Highway Research Program Naturalistic Driving Study (SHRP 2 NDS) time series data, collected using vehicle sensor technology, were used to train and test the model. The results show excellent performance for the developed models, with a slight improvement for the LSTMN model, with overall classification accuracies ranging between 95 and 96%. Specifically, the models are able to identify the different types of secondary tasks with high accuracies of 100% for calling, 96%–97% for texting, 90%–91% for conversation, and 95%–96% for the normal driving. Based on this performance, the developed models improve on the results of a previous model developed by the author to classify the same three secondary tasks, which had an accuracy of 82%. The model is promising for use in in-vehicle driving assistance technology to report engagement in unlawful tasks or alert drivers to take over control in level 1 and 2 automated vehicles.
Mobility and Energy Consumption Impacts of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Vehicle Strings on Freeway Corridors
Authors: Liu Hao , Lu Xiao-Yun , Shladover Steven E.
Published: June 2020

Cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) vehicle string operations have the potential to improve significantly the mobility and energy consumption performance of congested freeway corridors. This study examines the impact of CACC string operations on vehicle speed and fuel economy on the 13-mi SR-99 corridor, near Sacramento, CA. It extends the existing body of knowledge by performing a multi-scenario simulation analysis of the freeway corridor. A simulation study evaluated the performance of the corridor under various CACC market penetration scenarios and traffic demand inputs. The CACC string operation was also analyzed when vehicle awareness device (VAD) and CACC managed lane (ML) strategies were implemented. The case study revealed that the average vehicle speed increased by 70% when the CACC market penetration increased from 0% to 100%. The highest average fuel economy, expressed in miles per gallon (mpg), was achieved under the 50% CACC scenario where mpg was 27. This was 10% higher than the baseline scenario. However, when the CACC market penetration was 50% or higher, the vehicle fuel efficiency only had minor increases. When CACC market penetration reached 100%, the corridor allowed 30% more traffic to enter the network without experiencing reduced average speed. Results also indicate that the VAD strategy increased the speed by 8% when the CACC market penetration was 20% or 40%, while there was a minor decrease in mpg. The ML strategy decreased the corridor performance when implemented alone.
Longitudinal Analysis of Light Rail and Streetcar Safety in the United States
Authors: Ziedan Abubakr , Brakewood Candace
Published: June 2020

Many American cities have launched or expanded light rail or streetcar services recently, which has resulted in a 61% increase in light rail and streetcar revenue miles nationwide during the period 2006–2016. Moreover, light rail and streetcars exhibit higher fatality rates per passenger mile traveled compared with other transit modes. In light of these trends, this study explores light rail and streetcar collisions, injuries, and fatalities using data obtained from the National Transit Database. This study applies a two-part methodology. In the first part, descriptive statistics are calculated for light rail and streetcar collisions, injuries, and fatalities, and a comparative analysis of light rail and streetcars is performed. In the second part, multilevel negative binomial regression models are used to analyze light rail and streetcar collisions and injuries. Three key findings have emerged from this study. First, the results generally align with findings from prior studies that show the majority of light rail and streetcar collisions occur in mixed right-of-way or near at-grade crossings. Second, this analysis revealed an issue predominantly at stations: 42% of light rail injuries were people waiting or leaving. Third, suicide was the leading cause of light rail fatalities, which represents 28% of all light rail fatalities. The implications of this study are important for cities that currently operate these modes or are planning to introduce new light rail or streetcar service to improve safety.
Decrease of energy demand of semi-batch distillation policies
Authors: Ferchichi Mariem , Hegely Laszlo , Lang Peter
Published: June 2020

Batch distillation (BD) has much higher energy demand than continuous distillation (CD). Different semi-batch distillation (SBD) policies, by which one part of the feed is continuously fed into a batch column, are investigated and optimised to minimise the energy demand. SBD has the advantage, that contrary to the batch distillation (BD), the liquid volume in the reboiler, can be kept constant, even at its maximal value. Usually, continuous feeding is performed into the reboiler (SBD1), but by shaping a feed plate in the batch column, it has not only a rectifying but also a stripping section. Several SBD policies differing in feeding location are studied by dynamic simulation and compared based on the specific energy demand (SED) of production. The different policies and effects of the variation of feed composition are studied for the separation of the mixture dichloromethane-acetone. The lowest SED is obtained by SBD with feeding at a variable location of the column (SBD3). However, feeding at a fixed location (SBD2) is much simpler to realise and only slightly inferior. Further reduction of SED is reached by using two SBD2 or one SBD2 and one BD step with different reflux ratios. The separation of the mixture n-hexane-n-heptane-n-octane is also studied by SBD1 and SBD2 policies with both direct and indirect sequences. The energy demand of SBD2 in indirect sequence is lower than that of the direct sequence by 25%. By applying SBD2, SED was reduced by 38% and 39% for binary and ternary mixtures, respectively, compared to BD.
Technology and Innovation in China: A Patent Citation-based Analysis
Authors: Huang Jiashun , Li Weiping , Huang Xijie , Wang Yuandi , Guo Lijia
Published: June 2020

With the unique dataset from the State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO) of the People’s Republic of China, this study aims to provide a patent citation-based analysis of technological innovation in China. This study provides an overall description of Chinese invention patent citations, including citations added by both inventors and examiners. Specifically, our work analyses the inventor citations and examiner citations of both international- and domestic-granted patents in SIPO from four different aspects: citations per patent, foreign citation dependence, highly cited patents and current impact index. Our research results indicate the following: (a) the quantity of citations per patent added by foreign applicants was much larger than that of the Chinese applicants in SIPO, and both decreased year after year. (b) Chinese applicants cited many technological references from seven major foreign countries and drew greatly from external technology and science, but Chinese applicants tended to refer more to domestic technology. (c) The overall impact of Chinese patents became stronger, but invention patents in some developed regions had only relatively weak technological impact. (d) The number of high-quality invention patents surged in every province, but high-quality patents remain mainly distributed in four developed areas. Finally, we propose several suggestions from a policy perspective.
Novel sandwich structure of composite-metal laminates based on cellulosic woven pineapple leaf fibre
Authors: Feng Ng Lin , Malingam Sivakumar Dhar , Ishak Noordiana Mohd , Subramaniam Kathiravan
Published: June 2020

Fibre metal laminates (FMLs) are the contemporary sandwich materials that have been employed in the aerospace industries. The commercially available synthetic fibre based FMLs have shown excellent fatigue, impact and specific properties over those of metallic alloys. In order to explore the potential of environmental friendly cellulosic based materials, this research work aims to characterise the mechanical properties of novel woven pineapple leaf fibre reinforced metal laminates which were prepared through the hot compression moulding technique. For the comparison purpose, the mechanical properties of woven pineapple leaf fabrics and pineapple leaf fibre reinforced composite laminates were determined as well. It was concluded that the pineapple leaf fibre reinforced metal laminates evidenced salient mechanical and specific properties over pineapple leaf fabrics and composites. The specific tensile strength of metal laminates was 230.87% and 62.21% higher than those of the pineapple leaf fabrics and composite laminates whereas the specific flexural strength of metal laminates was 174.91% higher than composite laminates. Besides that, metal laminates also showed an impact strength of 91.49 kJ/m2 which was 143.13% greater than that of the composite laminates. The results indeed showed that the pineapple based FMLs could be considered as the promising and sustainable sandwich materials in future structural applications.
Endovascular treatment of the vertebral artery origin stenosis by using the closed-cell, self-expandable Carotid Wallstent
Authors: Ko Jun-Kyeung , Choi Chang-Hwa , Hwangbo Lee , Suh Hie-Bum , Lee Tae-Hong , Cho Han-Jin , Sung Sang-Min
Published: June 2020

Background

Endovascular treatment has been considered a good alternative to surgery for symptomatic vertebral artery origin stenosis (VAOS) due to the high risk of morbidity associated with surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of insertion of the closed-cell, self-expandable Carotid Wallstent for the treatment of VAOS.

Methods

The records of 72 patients with VAOS refractory to adequate medication who were treated by endovascular treatment with the Carotid Wallstent from December 2006 to November 2018 were retrospectively evaluated.

Results

Of the 72 patients, 43 presented with transient ischemic attacks. Forty-seven patients (65.3%) manifested other brachiocephalic stenoses; of these, 40 patients had occlusion, hypoplasia, or stenosis of the contralateral vertebral artery. Overall technical success (defined as 20% or less residual stenosis) was 100%. Procedure-related complications ( n = 8, 11.1%) included sudden asystole ( n = 1), acute in-stent thrombosis ( n = 3), minor stroke ( n = 3), and stent shortening ( n = 1). All complications were resolved without permanent neurological deficit. Angiographic follow-up (mean, 13.0 months) was achieved in 49 patients and revealed in-stent restenosis in 1 patient (2.0%) and stent malposition by shortening in 2 patients (4.1%). Follow-up records were available in 57 patients (mean 15.6 months). Three of the 57 patients ( n = 3, 5.3%) had recurrent symptoms of vertebrobasilar ischemia and none was retreated.

Conclusions

Endovascular treatment of symptomatic VAOS using the closed-cell, self-expandable Carotid Wallstent is technically feasible and effective in alleviating patient symptoms and for improving vertebrobasilar blood flow.
Inertial measurement unit based knee flexion strength-power test for sprinters
Authors: Nagahara Ryu , Murata Munenori
Published: June 2020

This study aimed to examine whether sprinting performance would be associated with knee flexion strength-power capabilities measured using a recently developed inertial measurement unit (IMU) based system. Sixteen male sprinters performed 60-m sprints and the IMU based knee flexion strength-power test which consisted of five serial knee flexion-extension motions in three conditions (unweighted, 0.75 or 1.5 kg ankle weighted) for both legs. Spatiotemporal variables during sprinting for a 50-m distance were obtained using a long force platform system. The knee flexion joint kinetic variables during the knee flexion strength-power test were collected using one IMU. Running acceleration during the entire sprinting was positively correlated with the knee flexion positive work measured using the unweighted right knee flexion strength-power test (r = .521–.721). Moreover, step frequencies at the 13th–16th, 17th–20th and 21st–22nd step sections and during the entire sprint were positively correlated with the knee flexion positive work measured using the unweighted right knee flexion strength-power test (r = .506–.566), while step length did not show any correlations with the knee flexion strength-power test variables. The results demonstrate that the greater right knee flexion strength-power capabilities measured using IMU based method in the unweighted condition are advantageous for better sprinting performance through higher step frequency. The IMU-based knee flexion strength-power test in the right leg unweighted condition will likely be useful for physical fitness evaluation of sprinters on the field setting.