bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diffuse Optical Tomography System in Soft Tissue Tumor Detection
Authors: Kumarasamy Umamaheswari , Shrichandran G.V. , Vedanth Srivatson A.
Published: July 2021

Topical review of recent trends in Modeling and Regularization methods of Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT) system promotes the optimization of the forward and inverse modeling methods which provides a 3D cauterization at a faster rate of 40frames/second with the help of a laser torch as a hand-held device. Analytical, Numerical and Statistical methods are reviewed for forward and inverse models in an optical imaging modality. The advancement in computational methods is discussed for forward and inverse models along with Optimization techniques using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Artificial Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The studies carried on optimization techniques offers better spatial resolution which improves quality and quantity of optical images used for morphological tissues comparable to breast and brain in Near Infrared (NIR) light. Forward problem is based on the location of sources and detectors solved statistically by Monte Carlo simulations. Inverse problem or closeness in optical image reconstruction is moderated by different regularization techniques to improve the spatial and temporal resolution. Compared to conventional methods the ANFIS structure of optimization for forward and inverse modeling provides early detection of Malignant and Benign tumor thus saves the patient from the mortality of the disease. The ANFIS technique integrated with hardware provides the dynamic 3D image acquisition with the help of NIR light at a rapid rate. Thereby the DOT system is used to continuously monitor the Oxy and Deoxyhemoglobin changes on the tissue oncology.
Evaluation of Soil Seed Banks in Different Aged Caragana microphylla Plantation in Desert Steppe Ecosystems
Authors: Li Guoqi , Li Shujun , Shao Wenshan , Chen Yanyun , Yafang Wang
Published: July 2021

Soil seed bank (SSB) represents potential plant communities, which is essential in the restoration of degraded ecosystems. Consequently, SSB is crucial in the reconstruction and recovery of aboveground plants because they largely determine the process and direction of vegetation restoration. SSB is also important indicators that can be used to evaluate the effects of management on degraded desert steppe. Here, field sampling and soil seed germination experiments were used to investigate the role of SSB in the recovery of degraded desert steppe. Results indicated that (1) the species composition of SSB and ground vegetation significantly differed in different aged Caragana microphylla plantation and control in the Yanchi County. (2) The abundance of SSB was significantly promoted by C. microphylla plantation. The average seed density in Caragana plantation SSB was 11248.75 m−2, which was 17 times than that of SSB in areas without C. microphylla plantation. (3) The ages of C. microphylla plantation were closely related to the composition and density of SSB.
Malaria: Introductory Concepts, Resistance Issues and Current Medicines
Authors: Nureye Dejen
Published: July 2021

Malaria continues to be the main community health problem in numerous nations. Six species of Plasmodium are documented as the cause of human malaria infection. Among others, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax parasites produce an immense challenge in the public health. Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae are the major transimmiter of the disease (malaria) from one person to another. The disease parasite has a complicated cycle of life that occurs in human and mosquitoes. In general, malaria diagnosis is divided into parasitological and clinical diagnosis. Internationally, the death rate of malaria becomes reduced although few records from Ethiopia describe the presence of raised prevalence of malaria in certain areas. Apart from reduction in incidence and prevalence, transmission of malaria is continued throughout the globe. Hence, its control needs a combined approach comprising treatment with effective antimalarial agents. A lot of novel compounds are under pre-clinical and clinical studies that are triggered by the occurrence of resistance among commonly used antimalarial drugs. In addition to the already known new compounds and targets for drug discovery, scientists from all corner of the world are in search of novel targets and chemical entities.
Clarifying the Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Neuronal Abnormalities of NF1 by Induced-Neuronal (iN) Cells from Human Fibroblasts
Authors: Sagata Noriaki , Sakai Yasunari , A. Kato Takahiro
Published: July 2021

Direct conversion techniques, which generate induced-neuronal (iN) cells from human fibroblasts in less than two weeks, are expected to discover unknown neuronal phenotypes of neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we present unique gene expression and cell morphology profiles in iN cells derived from neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) patients. NF1 is a single-gene multifaceted disorder with relatively high co-occurrence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Adenylyl cyclase (AC) dysfunction is one of the candidate pathways in abnormal neuronal development in the brains of NF1 patients. In our study, microarray-based transcriptomic analysis of iN cells from healthy controls (males) and NF1 patients (males) revealed significantly different gene expression of 149 (110 were upregulated and 39 were downregulated). In iN cells derived from NF1 patients (NF1-iN cells), there was a change in the expression level of 90 genes with the addition of forskolin, an AC activator. Furthermore, treatment with forskolin dramatically changed the cell morphology, especially that of NF1-iN cells, from flat-form to spherical-form. Current pilot data indicate the potential therapeutic effect of forskolin or AC activators on neuronal growth in NF1 patients. Further translational research is needed to validate the pilot findings for future drug development of ASD.
Contemplating Arts Education: An Interview with Lee Worley by Daniel Plá
Authors: Plá Daniel , Worley Lee
Published: July 2021

An interview with Lee Worley, conducted in 2016, discussing the history of contemplative arts at Naropa University, and the relationship between contemplative practices and performer training.
Model Test Comparisons of TLP, Spar-buoy and Semi-submersible Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Systems
Authors: Kimball Richard W. , Goupee Andrew J. , Coulling Alexander J. , Dahger Habib J.
Published: July 2021

Results of wave basin tests on three 1/50th scale floating wind turbine systems tested at the MARIN model basin are presented. The tests included a fully functional model wind turbine and a novel wind machine to produce swirl free inflow at a turbulence intensity of about 5%. Simultaneous stochastic wind and waves as well as multidirectional sea conditions were tested. This paper presents the experimental work as well as validation comparisons to NREL’s FAST floating offshore wind turbine dynamic modeling code. The paper also discusses the testing methodology and presents means to more closely match full scale performance at the low-Reynolds number operation regimes of the model test.

Analyses presented include response amplitude operator and power spectral density plots for the spar-buoy, tensionleg platform and semi-submersible designs. The results presented for the systems highlight both turbine response effects and second-order wave diffraction forcing effects.
Object-Oriented Applications in Marine Hydrodynamics
Authors: Bandyk Piotr J. , Freimuth Justin , Hazen George
Published: July 2021

Object-oriented programming offers a natural approach to solving complex problems by focusing on individual aspects, or objects, and describing the ways in which they interact using interfaces. Modularity, extensibility, and code re-use often make OOP more appealing than its procedural counterpart. Code can be implemented in a more intuitive way and often mirrors the theory it derives from. Two examples are given in the form of real programs: a 3D panel code solver and a system-of-systems model for seabasing and environment sensing. Both are examples of large-scale frameworks and leverage the benefits offered by the object-oriented paradigm.
Ensuring Successful Ship Construction Outcomes: Using More Physics-Based Design Tools in Early Concept Design
Authors: Keane Robert G.
Published: July 2021

The Navy has experimented with many ways to improve the producibility of naval ship designs. In terms of effectiveness - does the ship do what it is supposed to do - the Navy has been reasonably successful. However, in terms of efficiency - are the ships efficient to produce and own - there is still much room for improvement. Design for producibility – being able to efficiently produce a warship - must start during the earliest stages of concept design and continue to be addressed during the subsequent pre-production processes. However, many early stage naval ship design engineers either do not recognize this need or do not know how to design for producibility. A number of improvements to early stage ship design capabilities are being developed in order to make the process both effective and efficient. This paper addresses the critical stage of the collaborative Design-Build-Own process of initially sizing the hull during concept design. The author proposes the development and use of more physics-based design tools during concept design, such as those being developed under the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program’s Computational Research & Engineering for Acquisition Tools & Environments (CREATE) – SHIPS Project. These new ship design methodologies will enable conceptual design engineers to adequately size a ship to meet military performance requirements and to have a low enough ship density to ensure successful ship construction outcomes. The director of a Netherlands’ shipyard which designs and builds surface combatants recently stated at a luncheon of the American Society of Naval Engineers (ASNE), “We learned a long time ago to give ourselves enough space to build a ship – steel is cheap, air is free!”
New Development in Aluminum Welding Wire - Alloy 4943
Authors: Anderson Bruce , Anderson Tony , White Galen , Berube Patrick
Published: July 2021

Aluminum alloy 4943 filler metal is the first aluminum filler alloy to be developed for wrought commercial applications since the 1960’s and has recently received AWS A5.10 approval. It is designed to provide a high strength alternative to 4043 while maintaining the ease of welding and other advantages of 4043. Alloy 4043 filler metal is a popular aluminum/silicon filler alloy for general purpose welding applications but can show significant variability in strength based on welding conditions and the level of base metal dilution. Alloy 4943 filler metal is formulated to be welded with the same weld procedure specifications as 4043, address 4043 shortcomings while maintaining the same excellent corrosion characteristics, low melting temperature, low shrinkage rate, higher fluidity, and low hot cracking sensitivity in most applications. Alloy 4943 welds exhibit low welding smut and low discoloration similar to 4043. In addition to the higher as welded strength, the new 4943 filler alloy is heat treatable and has demonstrated its improved strength characteristics in the post weld solution heat treated and artificially aged condition when compared to the currently used heat treatable filler alloy 4643, which has been generally employed for welding the 6xxx series base materials that are post weld heat treated.

This article explains the test results of this alloy development project, shows the alloy properties compared to the traditional filler metal alloys and offers potential applications and benefits. The fundamentals of aluminum-silicon alloys are also presented. Also included are 4043 baseline test results highlighting 4043 property variability susceptibility from the weld procedure.
Numerical Simulations of Stiffened Panels under Compressive Loads and Structural Analyses of Midship Section
Authors: Koutsolelos Evangelos
Published: July 2021

In this paper, structural integrity of ship structures is discussed using Finite Element analyses. Buckling behaviors of shell structural components are investigated taking into account geometric and material nonlinearities. Recommendations are made to Naval Architects based on tools developed throughout the research.
Atividades Artísticas e Artesanais na perspectiva da Pedagogia Waldorf
Authors: Da S.C.G. de Mattos Maria de Fátima , Ferreira Pagliarini Zen Gorayeb Sílvia Helena
Published: July 2021

O presente estudo explorou no discurso da Pedagogia Waldorf a possibilidade de uma educação voltada para o futuro do ser humano, baseado na própria propositura, que é a de capacitar o sujeito para o enfrentamento dos desafios do mundo contemporâneo, integrando ciência e arte por meio de atividades educativas, práticas artísticas e artesanais, harmonizando as forças do pensar, sentir e fazer. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de verificar a relação entre o interesse despertado pelas atividades artísticas e artesanais em relação à formação de atitudes individuais que expressem criatividade, organização e colaboração, em um grupo de alunos matriculados no período da manhã no Ensino Fundamental I regular em uma cidade pequena do interior paulista que no contra turno escolar, frequentam um projeto educacional, com base nessa orientação pedagógica. Como referencial teórico, apoiamo-nos em Rudolf Steiner (2005;2015), Schiller (1990), Lanz (1990,2003,2005), Hahn (2007) e Walter Benjamin (2014).
APPLICATION OF THE CRITERION OF TECHNOLOGICAL DAMAGEABILITY IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Authors: Kusyi Yaroslav , Кuк Аndrij , Onysko Oleh , Lukan Tetiana , Pituley Lolita , Shuliar Iryna , Havryliv Yurii
Published: July 2021

Development and implementation in mechanical engineering practice of integrated information systems for control of technological processes of manufacturing products is the main driver of economic growth of developed countries. The priority of modern engineering technology is to provide the specified operational characteristics of products in accordance with the accuracy parameters, set by designer and quality of surface layers in contrast to achieving the minimum technological cost with maximum performance for traditional approaches. Technological providing of the main operational characteristics of the product (bearing strength, wear resistance, fatigue strength, joint strength etc.) require a systematic approach, which consists in the investigation of real physical processes at submicroscopic, microscopic and macroscopic levels of research, and step- by-step tracking required parameters at all stages of the Product Life Cycle from the position of technological inheritability. It is proposed to use the method of LM-hardness to control the quality of the structure of the material from castings in the design of functionally-oriented processes. The magnitude of the technological damage of the product material serves as a criterion for optimization when choosing a variant of surface treatment of the casting. A method for providing experimental studies of castings of aluminium alloys has been developed. On the basis of the carried-out experimental researches the rational route of processing of surfaces of casting is chosen.
SISTEM UPRAVLJANJA ZA BORBU PROTIV KORUPCIJE U PREDUZEĆU
Authors: Todorović Zdravko , Tomaš Darko , Todorović Boris
Published: July 2021

Marketing in tourism is a systematic Korupcija je jedan od najdestruktivnijih i najkompleksijih problema današnjice, a njene poslјedice negativno utiču na poslovanje preduzeća, političku stabilnost zemlјe i standard stanovništva. Na globalnom nivou korupcija predstavlјa značajnu barijeru u međunarodnoj trgovini. Ukupni troškovi prevara teško da će se objektivno sagledati, a posebno će biti teško izračunati indirektne štete koje prouzrokuju prevare. Neke prevare neće biti nikada otkrivene. Procjenjuje se da prosječno organizacije u svijetu gube 5% godišnjih prihoda radi prevara. Mala smanjivanja troškova zbog prevara mogu značajno da povećaju profit organizacije. Vlade mnogih država donijele su nacionalne programe borbe protiv korupcije. Implementiranje antikorupcionih programa u mnogome zavisi od razvijene svijesti i etičke kulture u preduzećima. Međunarodna organizacija za standardizaciju razvila je standard ISO 37001- Sistem menadžmenta za borbu protiv korupcije. Međunarodni standard omogućava organizacijama svih vrsta sprečavanje, otkrivanje i rješavanje korupcije usvajanjem politike protiv podmićivanja, imenovanjem osobe koja će nadgledati poštivanje mjera za podmićivanje, obukom, procjenom rizika i dubinskom analizom projekata i poslovnih saradnika, provođenjem financijskih i komercijalne kontrole, te uspostavljanje postupaka izvještavanja i istrage. Pružajući globalno priznat način za rješavanje destruktivnih kriminalnih radnji koje pretvaraju bilijon dolara prljavog novca svake godine, ISO 37001 direktno se bavi jednim od najrazornijih i najizazovnijih svjetskih problema i pokazuje predan pristup suzbijanju korupcije. U radu je predstavlјeno istraživanje nivo korupcije u Bosni i Hercegovini, koje je poređeno sa nivom korupcije u drugim zemlјama, kao i korelacija sa globalnim indeksom konurentnosti. Na kraju rada predstavlјena je metodologija za projektovanje i uvođenje sistema menadžmenta za borbu protiv korupcije u preduzeću. Rezultati istraživanja donose nove naučne činjenice i saznanja u borbi protiv korupcije i metodološki postupak za implementiranje sistema menadžmenta za borbu protiv korupcije u preduzeću.
ПОЛИТИЧКИ КАРАКТЕР НАЦИОНАЛИЗМА
Authors: Лакић Данијела
Published: July 2021

Крах комунизма деведесетих година прошлог века резултирао је ескалацијом национализма у Европи. Национализам је до данас остао једина политичка идеја о којој се суди на основу њених злоупотреба и појава као што су шовинизам или нацизам. Непра- вда је утолико већа што национализам, према свом изворном значењу, те негативне облике у које може прерасти, осуђује. Рат у бившој Југославији, сукоби у земљама некадашњег Совјетског Савеза, пораст тежњи за независношћу и унутар саме Европске уније и њених чланица (Велика Британија, Велс, Шкотска, Каталонија и др.) су примери какав може бити политички карактер национализма, и у ком смеру се може развијати у зависности од интереса политичке власти која га креира и њиме руководи.
ПРОЦЕСНИ ПРИСТУП КОД КРЕИРАЊА МОДЕЛА ЗА МЈЕРЕЊА ПЕРФОРМАНСИ ПРЕДУЗЕЋА
Authors: Тодоровић Здравко , Тодоровић Борис , Галић Слађенко
Published: July 2021

Промјене окружења, нова тржишта и стратегије захтијевају стално унапре- ђивање система мјерења перформанси предузећа. Ефективно мјерење перфо- рманси је од кључне важности за успјешну имплементацију стратегије предузећа, његов развој и опстанак у савременој економији. Данас је нагласак на мјерењу свих области дјеловања предузећа, за шта је потребан широк обим финансијских и нефинансијских индикатора. Како савремено управљање организацијом подразумијева управљање њеним процесима, остварење циљева организације зависи од успјешности њених процеса. Успјешност процеса, односно способност процеса да испуне циљеве организације се мјери помоћу дефинисаних кључних идентификатора перформанси.
UTJECAJ SUVREMENIH KOMUNIKACIJSKIH TEHNOLOGIJA NA ONLINE UČENJE STUDENATA
Authors: Projić Ante , Marjanica Frane , Seser Tomislav , Marjanica Maja
Published: July 2021

U radu je obrađen utjecaj suvremenih komunikacijskih tehnologija na online učenje studenata. Komunikacijske tehnologije su centar istraživanja, posebno njihov utjecaj u učenju na način koji se prethodno trudilo izbjeći. Predrasude koje su stajale uz spominjanje mogućnosti online učenja su maknute. Nakon provedenog lockdowna uslijed pandemije Covid-19 virusom, online učenje postaje spas za desetke tisuća studenata koji imaju mogućnost nastaviti sa obrazovanjem u trenutku kada se činilo da je cijeli svijet oko njih stao. Prilikom pisanja članka korišten je sistematski pristup radu tako što su proučene prednosti i nedostatci koje online učenje donosi u XXI stoljeću te da li omogućuje korak naprijed u sveukupnom obrazovanju od strane studenata i profesora. Obrazovanje predstavlja glavni temelj i ključ uspjeha pojedinca. Razvojem komunikacijskih tehnologija to je omogućeno i osobama koje žive dalje od velikih gradova. Preko softverskih platformi za komunikaciju i suradnju učenje je pojednostavljeno putem razgovora, video sastanaka te pohrane podataka na jedno mjesto.
PESTICIDES; A NECESSARY EVIL IN THE AGRICULTURAL VALUE CHAIN- A REVIEW
Authors: Asiamah Joshua Yeboah , Tachie-Menson Josiah Wilson , Agyirifo Daniel Sakyi , Agbeko Rosemary , Essem Frank
Published: July 2021

Even though pesticides constitute a very essential component of improved and modern agriculture, the abuse of pesticides has brought substantial poisoning worldwide, especially in developing countries. This review investigates the possible sources by which people are exposed to pesticides worldwide and the impact on their livelihood. The group who often are exposed to these chemicals includes, farm workers, children, farmers, and family members who have direct link to the pesticide application sites as well as persons who are exposed to these pesticides through the domestic use of waterbodies and consumption of foodstuff or crops sprayed with these pesticides. Central to this review is the critical discussions of the different scientific research findings on health effects and risks related to pesticides usage. Again, organophosphates and organochlorines pesticides are found in most of the pesticide contaminated sites and can remain in soil and waterbodies for a longtime. This work has also provided cases of incidence of carcinogenicity in humans, as a result of pesticides use. We concluded that, breeding or developing insect tolerant or resistant crops may curb the profuse use of pesticides in agriculture.
INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP AS A FACTOR OF JOB SATISAFACTION
Authors: Zolak Poljašević Branka , Došenović Dragana , Todorović Marija
Published: July 2021

Job satisfaction is positive emotional state, which is result of evaluation of some work experience. It is a multidisciplinary phenomenon, which is influenced by multiple internal and external factors. In this paper, employee satisfaction or job satisfaction was observed as a dependent variable, while interpersonal relationships are defined as influencing factor, i.e. independent variable. Interpersonal relationships imply establishment of social relations and connections between individuals at work. Interpersonal relationships can be defined as the subjective experience of employee in interaction or connection with another person (colleagues or superiors). Factors such as gender, age, education, work experience and job position are included in the analysis as control variables. Main hypothesis in this paper states that positive interpersonal relationships have impact on employee satisfaction. The independent variable is divided into three segments, namely: communication and work climate, relationship with superiors and relationship with colleagues. Each segment of interpersonal relationships was separately tested in relation to the dependent variable. The base of this paper is an empirical research conducted in 2019. Based on the survey questionnaire, data from 143 employees in the surveyed company were collected. Data processing was performed on the basis of statistical software for social sciences-SPSS. Descriptive and correlation analysis were applied in the data analysis. All hypotheses tested were confirmed. Testing the hypotheses confirm that there is a statistically significant relationship between observed variables and that there is a moderate positive correlation, which implies that interpersonal relationship is a factor of job satisfaction. Main limitation of this research relates to the observation of relationship between variables in a single business entity. However, the coverage of all employees in the conducted research and the high response rate of employees (82%) provide a good basis for data analysis and giving some general conclusions. Detailed description of research methodology enables its repetition in other organizations.
KONSENSUALNA (KONSOCIJALNA) DEMOKRATIJA U SLOŽENIM DRŽAVAMA
Authors: Milutinović Milovan
Published: July 2021

Demokratija podrazumijeva vladavinu sa saglasnošću birača nad kojima se vlada odnosno vladavinu većine koja poštuje prava manjine. Ona je u osnovi participacija i konkurencija različitih subjekata pri izboru političkih predstavnika za obavljanje javnih funkcija ali i njihova odgovornost onima koji su ih izabrali. Podjela vlasti kod većinskog modela demokratije koncentrisana je u rukama parlamentarne većine a kod konsensualnog modela postoji dijeljenje vlasti. Proizlazi da je razlika u tome što se u konsensualnoj demokratiji vlast rasuta između političkih aktera koji djeluju zajedno u okviru istih političkih institucija. Konsensualna demokratija je dopuna pluralističkog modela karakterističnog za složena društva prema nacionalnom, regionalnom, religioznom i svakom drugom obilježju gdje postoji potreba za predstavljanjem različitih interesa. Bosna i Hercegovina je kao složena državna zajednica prikladna za razvijanje konsensualnog modela demokratije jer pruža zaštitu manjina, nacionalnih i drugih interesa i obezbjeđuje ravnomjernu podjelu vlasti na sve subjekte društva.
УКРАЈИНСКА КРИЗА
Authors: Сакан Момчило
Published: July 2021

У чланку су приказани основни елементи украјинске кризе са делимичним историјским прилазом. Указано је да је украјинска криза веома изражена и да је производ нерешеног унутрашњег стања и интензивног уплитања великих сила. На унутрашњем плану евидентна је жестока подела Украјине на прозападне и происточне елементе. Постоји, дакле, подела и у самој Украјини, која је додатно актуелизована тренутним граничним положајем Украјине између Запада (НАТО) и Русије. У даљем делу текста објашњени су ставови и интереси појединих сила, нарочито Сједињених Америчких Држава, Руске федерације и Европске уније. На крају је указано и на одређене заблуде у примени компаративне методе нарочито на релацији Косово – Крим и на бројне лажи и обмане кује у вези са тим исказане.
OPTIMIZACIJA ZALIHA ZA VIŠE PROIZVODA
Authors: Marković Branka , Markić Marinko
Published: July 2021

Cilj optimizacije zaliha u preduzećima korištenjem modela zaliha je da se pruži što veća pomoć za utvrđivanje optimalne zalihe. U savremenom privređivanju problemi zaliha postoje sve značajniji. Zalihe, ma na kom mjestu nastajale, u proizvodnom ciklusu za preduzeće predstavljaju veliki trošak. Efikasno upravljanje zalihama može dovesti do velikih finansijskih ušteda. Kako mjeriti upravljanje zalihama (ažurnost zaliha)? Koji su osnovni troškovi u upravljanju zalihama i šta sve treba uraditi da bi proizvodnja bila rentabilna uz neprestano smanjivanje zaliha? Da bi odgovorili na pitanja, potrebno je odrediti kategorije koje nam mogu pomoći u određivanju optimalnog odnosa troškova i prodaje. Ovaj problem se javlja dvojako: kao problem zaliha sirovine i kao problem zaliha gotovih proizvoda. Zbog prirode problema nije moguće formulisati jedan opšti model zaliha koji bi obuhvatio sve moguće slučajeve. Metodološki aspekt optimizacije zaliha dat je u vidu većeg broja modela, od kojih svaki rješava specifična pitanja u vezi optimizacije zaliha. Opšta formulacija problema može se izraziti na način: odrediti obim zaliha tako da odgovarajući troškovi budu minimalni. U ovom radu razmotrit ćemo samo jedan model optimizacije zaliha.
SOCIO-EKONOMSKA BUDUĆNOST EVROPSKE UNIJE - PROŠIRENJE ILI SLOM
Authors: Vorina Anton , Veljković Božidar , Simonič Miro
Published: July 2021

U članku se pokazuje razvoj EU i pokušava se zasnovano na podacima iz prethodnih godina predvideti socio-ekonomska budućnost EU i naznačiti mogućnost proširenja EU na ostale države, kao što su Srbija, Crna Gora, Makedonija, Bosna i Hercegovina, Kosovo, Island i Turska. Utvrđeno je da državljane EU u budućnosti najviše brine porast cena/inflacija, nezaposlenost, ekonomska situacija države, porezi/takse i finansijsko stanje domaćinstva. Takođe je ustanovljeno, da bi većina Slovenaca posle 10 godina članstva u EU još uvek glasala za članstvo u EU. Ipak, 46% ispitanika bi bilo za (2003. godine ih je bilo 89,64%), 35% bi glasalo protiv. Očekivati je da bi eventualni izlazak Slovenije iz EU bio potpuni besmisao i verovatno bi značio ekonomsku i privrednu propast Slovenije. Isto tako se ocenjuje, da će se EU u budućnosti sigurno proširiti na ostale države, iako će unija imati socio-ekonomske probleme sama sa sobom (pre svega će glavni problemi EU biti javni dug u porastu i nezaposlenost u pojedinim državama). Po trenutnim podacima članstvu u EU najbliže su Srbija i Crna Gora, pitanje je samo, kada će doći do proširenja, što je u velikoj meri ovisno prvo od političke volje pojedinačnih država kandidata i onda još od političke volje EU. Po ocenama javnog mišljenja i trenutnog stanja u Sloveniji (povećanje javnog duga, svaki Slovenac je dužan već 14.000 eura, broj nezaposlenih, rast cena), biće ona, među svim državama EU, kojoj će se u budućnosti uslovi za život najviše pogoršati. Na osnovi analize vremenske serije, odnosno linearnoga trenda smo ustanovili, da će stopa nezaposlenosti, javni dug (takođe u svetu) i inflacija 2014 i 2015. godine u EU povećati, što znači lošiji život ljudi u EU u budućnosti. Posledice krize na privredu će u EU biti najočitije 2014 i 2015. godine. Ukoliko bi u budućnosti došlo do sloma EU (samo 49% državljana EU-27 je optimistično što se tiče budućnosti EU), iako je to jako malo moguće, bi to značilo "potpunu dekadencu starog kontinenta".
OBRAZOVNI PROFILI ZA NOVA ZANIMANJA
Authors: Aleksić Jordan , Božić Nevena
Published: July 2021

Raskorak koji se javlja između obrazovnih profila i tzv. tržišta rada govori da je neophodno radikalno reformisati linearni obrazovni sistem i otvoriti nove horizonte budućim generacijama. Ključ obrazovanja mladih treba da predstavlja sticanje spektra veština i sposobnosti (intelektualnih, komunikacijskih, organizacionih, praktičnih i istraživačkih), radi integralnog osposobljavanja za svet života rada. Freelancer je sve češće opredeljenje mladih ljudi, koji su samostalnim radom i adekvatnim sposobnostima, ali i praktičnom primenom znanja sebi omogućili samozapošljavanje, kreativno angažovanje i slobodu stvaranja. Pitanje: Koliko su nove generacije edukovane i osposobljene za inovaciju i invenciju-intuiciju?
MANIFESTACIJA KORUPCIJE U OBRAZOVANJU I MOGUĆNOSTI SPREČAVANJA ISTE
Authors: Ćosić Idriz
Published: July 2021

Obrazovanje predstavlja jednu od društvenih kategorija gdje je korupcija posebno zastupljena. Različiti vidovi korupcije u sistemu obrazovanja, od predškolskog uzrasta pa do univerziteta, su vidljivi, što ima dugotrajne posljedice. S tim u vezi u radu su date neke od karaketeristika korupcije u obrazovanju. Imajući u vidu kompleksnost teme, kao i niz primjera korupcije u praksi, potrebno je više prostora za relevantne pokazatelje. Na ovaj način se samo djelimično skreće pažnja na značaj i ulogu korupcije u obrazovanju. U prvom dijelu predstavljene su manifestacije korupcije u obrazovanju kroz nekoliko medodološki poredanih dijelova. Mogućnosti sprečavanja korupcije su dati u drugom dijelu, te uvod i zaključak.
СОЦИЈАЛНА ОБИЉЕЖЈА КРИМИНОГЕНЕ ИНФИЦИРАНОСТИ УЧЕНИКА
Authors: Мацановић Небојша M.
Published: July 2021

Све већа дезоријентација друштва и поремећен систем вриједности погодују настанку криминогене инфицираности њених грађана, која је све индикативнија код младих. Ријеч је о комплексној појави која је присутна у свим друштвеним системима, али свакако да је израженија и присутнија у неразвијеним земљама и земљама у транзицији. Због тога ћемо у овом раду појави криминогене инфицираности посветити посебну пажњу, како бисмо расвијетлили овај све присутнији поремећај у понашању младих. Циљ рада, као и самог истраживања био је да идентификујемо колико је заправо појава крими-ногене инфицираности код младих присутна у нашем друштву, као и да утврдимо социјална обиљежја криминогене инфицираности. Желећи да се бавимо криминогеном инфицираношћу, њеним карактеристикама, узроцима и посљедицама, ми заправо покушавамо пронаћи могућност да помогнемо друштву у превенцији ове појаве.
SUVERENO KOMUNICIRANJE
Authors: Popović Novak A. , Milutinović Milovan
Published: July 2021

Ova zanimljiva dvodijelna knjiga, dva već renomirana аutora, napisana na 159 strana, u 15 poglavlja i više od šezdeset knjižnih bibliografskih jedinica, već na samom početku ističe značaj „individualnog komunikativnog suvereniteta“ i objašnjava sasvim novu komunikacijsku paradigmu kroz „pravo na komuniciranje i slobodan protok informacija“, što je u tranzicijskim zemljama, kao što je i BiH retroaktivno operacionalizirano kroz Zakon o slobodi pristupa informacijama u javnim institucijama (ZOSPI) na
internom, te kroz utvrđivanje međunarodnog komunikacijskog subjektiviteta novonastalih država, ne eksternom međunarodnom planu (Stanje u međunarodnom komuniciranju; Zahtevi za ravnopravno međunarodno komuniciranje; Razvoj prava na komuniciranje i slobodan protok informacija).
Sorting nexin-27 regulates AMPA receptor trafficking through the synaptic adhesion protein LRFN2
Authors: McMillan Kirsty J , Banks Paul J , Hellel Francesca LN , Carmichael Ruth E , Clairfeuille Thomas , Evans Ashley J , Heesom Kate J , Lewis Philip , Collins Brett M , Bashir Zafar I , Henley Jeremy M , Wilkinson Kevin A , Cullen Peter J
Published: July 2021

The endosome-associated cargo adaptor sorting nexin-27 (SNX27) is linked to various neuropathologies through sorting of integral proteins to the synaptic surface, most notably AMPA receptors. To provide a broader view of SNX27-associated pathologies, we performed proteomics in rat primary neurons to identify SNX27-dependent cargoes, and identified proteins linked to excitotoxicity, epilepsy, intellectual disabilities, and working memory deficits. Focusing on the synaptic adhesion molecule LRFN2, we established that SNX27 binds to LRFN2 and regulates its endosomal sorting. Furthermore, LRFN2 associates with AMPA receptors and knockdown of LRFN2 results in decreased surface AMPA receptor expression, reduced synaptic activity, and attenuated hippocampal long-term potentiation. Overall, our study provides an additional mechanism by which SNX27 can control AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission and plasticity indirectly through the sorting of LRFN2 and offers molecular insight into the perturbed function of SNX27 and LRFN2 in a range of neurological conditions.
Fish primary embryonic pluripotent cells assemble into retinal tissue mirroring in vivo early eye development
Authors: Zilova Lucie , Weinhardt Venera , Tavhelidse Tinatini , Schlagheck Christina , Thumberger Thomas , Wittbrodt Joachim
Published: July 2021

Organoids derived from pluripotent stem cells promise the solution to current challenges in basic and biomedical research. Mammalian organoids are however limited by long developmental time, variable success, and lack of direct comparison to an in vivo reference. To overcome these limitations and address species-specific cellular organization, we derived organoids from rapidly developing teleosts. We demonstrate how primary embryonic pluripotent cells from medaka and zebrafish efficiently assemble into anterior neural structures, particularly retina. Within 4 days, blastula-stage cell aggregates reproducibly execute key steps of eye development: retinal specification, morphogenesis, and differentiation. The number of aggregated cells and genetic factors crucially impacted upon the concomitant morphological changes that were intriguingly reflecting the in vivo situation. High efficiency and rapid development of fish-derived organoids in combination with advanced genome editing techniques immediately allow addressing aspects of development and disease, and systematic probing of impact of the physical environment on morphogenesis and differentiation.
Rooting of Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi Cuttings as a Function of the Preparation Method and Indolebutyric Acid Concentrations
Authors: Spalenza D. M. , Berilli S. S. , Felberg N. P. , Gomes J. J. O. , Almeida R. F. , Berilli A. P. C. G. , Martinelli L.
Published: July 2021

Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi, popularly known in Brazil as pink pepper or aroeira, has become a new source of agricultural exploitation for some farmers, notably located in the north of the state of Espírito Santo, the largest producing region in the world. Once it was a species that has been historically exploited in an extractive manner, where only what nature offers is explored, the need for the generation of scientific knowledge to understand its genetic potential in all agronomic areas is evident, starting with the large spread in scale of this species. Therefore, the objective of the work was to study the effects of indolebutyric acid (IBA) on the physiology and quality of seedlings produced by cuttings of the species Schinus terebentifolia Raddi under different concentrations of this hormone and different ways of application. The experiment design was a factorial in randomized blocks, in the 2x7 arrangement, the first being composed of two forms of preparation of the hormone (dilution in acetone or in water) and the second composed by 7 concentrations of IBA (0 mg/L; 625 mg/L; 1250 mg/L; 2500 mg/L; 3000 mg/L; 3750 mg/L and 5000 mg/L) with 5 blocks and 5 plants in each treatment. The addition of IBA favored the development and physiological aspects of the seedlings, produced from the hormone prepared with both, water and acetone. The quality of seedlings induced with IBA diluted in water was compromised with the addition of the hormone, whereas in seedlings treated with IBA diluted in acetone, the estimated dose of 1750 mg/L of IBA, promoted the better quality index (IQD) of the seedlings.
An In Vitro Mat‐on‐Gel Construct for Engineering Cardiac Tissue
Authors: Liang Yeshi , Goh James Cho‐Hong
Published: July 2021

Topographical and mechanical features are two key factors for cell development. Here, an easy‐to‐make Mat‐on‐Gel construct is introduced to study the co‐effects of nanogeometry and stiffness on cardiomyocyte (CM) functional development in vitro. The construct consists of electrospun fibers and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) gel, providing both nanofibrillar structure and adjustable stiffness. Comparison studies of three different stiffness ranging from 19 to 52 kPa are conducted using a CM cell line: HL‐1 cells. Physical characterization shows that Mat‐on‐Gel constructs possess improved hydrophilicity than PDMS gel and reduced Young's modulus than electrospun mat. It results in better cell adhesion and enhanced cell metabolic activities. CMs on the Mat‐on‐Gel constructs also present more synchronous electrophysiological activities than those cultured on electrospun fibers or PDMS gel alone. In particular, lower gel stiffness results in more rapid calcium waves. This study collectively demonstrates the feasibility of this Mat‐on‐Gel construct and its potential usage as an in vitro platform for pharmaceutical studies.
A Flexible Self‐Powered UV Photodetector and Optical UV Filter Based on β‐Bi2O3/SnO2 Quantum Dots Schottky Heterojunction
Authors: Praveen Shanigaram , Veeralingam Sushmitha , Badhulika Sushmee
Published: July 2021

Recently reported ultraviolet (UV) detectors majorly focus on exploration of photodetection properties like photon absorption and electron‐hole pair generation to improve the photoresponsivity. However, UV sensors also have a potential advantage of monitoring the excessive UV exposure on skin. In this work, bismuth oxide/SnO2 quantum dots (QDs) vertical‐junction‐based self‐powered UV photodetector and optical UV filter are demonstrated. β‐Bi2O3 nanofibers are synthesized via electrospinning technique and SnO2 QDs are synthesized using a facile, single step hydrothermal process. Detailed morphological studies reveal the formation of 1D‐Bi2O3 and 0D‐SnO2. The fabricated self‐powered Bi2O2/SnO2‐based p–n heterojunction device exhibits a maximum responsivity of 62.5 µA W−1 and specific detectivity (D*) of 4.5 × 109 Jones attributing to the high absorption coefficient of β‐Bi2O2 nanofibers and SnO2 QDs in the UV region. Further, the 1D β‐Bi2O3 nanofibers and 0D SnO2 QDs are coated onto disposable cloth substrate to fabricate the UV optical filter which exhibits an exceptional ultraviolet protection factor of 159 and the photodetector device demonstrates high stability and reproducibility even after 1000 bending cycles. The strategy outlined here paves the way for development of bifunctional, cost‐effective design and construction of wearable UV sensors and protective devices for advanced nano‐electronic applications.
A New Allotrope of Carbon—Graphdiyne (g‐CnH2n−2) Boosting with Mn0.2Cd0.8S form S‐Scheme Heterojunction for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Jin Zhiliang , Gong Haiming
Published: July 2021

As a new 2D carbon hybrid material, graphdiyne has attracted much attention due to its good conductivity, adjustable electronic structure, and special electron transfer enhancement properties. It has great potential in the field of hydrogen evolution by photocatalytic water splitting due to its special properties. In this paper, layered graphdiyne is prepared by crosscoupling method, using CuI instead of typical copper film as catalyst. Graphdiyne/CuI is used to modify Mn0.2Cd0.8S (MCS) solid solution for the first time, which greatly improves the optical properties and hydrogen production performance of the photocatalyst. The S‐scheme heterojunction constructed between graphdiyne and MCS greatly improves the transfer rate of photoinduced electrons. In addition, the results of fluorescence spectra and photoelectrochemical tests show that the nanocomposites have longer carrier lifetime, lower recombination rate, faster carrier migration rate, and lower hydrogen evolution overpotential. Therefore, the hydrogen evolution rate of the MnCdS/graphdiyne/CuI with the best performance can reach 9.904 mmol g−1 h−1, which is 4.02 times of that of pure MCS. This work not only proposes the possible mechanism of photocatalytic hydrogen production but also provides an important strategy for the application of graphdiyne in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen production.
mTOR Repression in Response to Amino Acid Starvation Promotes ECM Degradation Through MT1‐MMP Endocytosis Arrest
Authors: Colombero Cecilia , Remy David , Antoine‐Bally Sandra , Macé Anne‐Sophie , Monteiro Pedro , ElKhatib Nadia , Fournier Margot , Dahmani Ahmed , Montaudon Elodie , Montagnac Guillaume , Marangoni Elisabetta , Chavrier Philippe
Published: July 2021

Under conditions of starvation, normal and tumor epithelial cells can rewire their metabolism toward the consumption of extracellular proteins, including extracellular matrix‐derived components as nutrient sources. The mechanism of pericellular matrix degradation by starved cells has been largely overlooked. Here it is shown that matrix degradation by breast and pancreatic tumor cells and patient‐derived xenograft explants increases by one order of magnitude upon amino acid and growth factor deprivation. In addition, it is found that collagenolysis requires the invadopodia components, TKS5, and the transmembrane metalloproteinase, MT1‐MMP, which are key to the tumor invasion program. Increased collagenolysis is controlled by mTOR repression upon nutrient depletion or pharmacological inhibition by rapamycin. The results reveal that starvation hampers clathrin‐mediated endocytosis, resulting in MT1‐MMP accumulation in arrested clathrin‐coated pits. The study uncovers a new mechanism whereby mTOR repression in starved cells leads to the repurposing of abundant plasma membrane clathrin‐coated pits into robust ECM‐degradative assemblies.
Probing Mechanistic Insights into Highly Efficient Lithium Storage of C60 Fullerene Enabled via Three‐Electron‐Redox Chemistry
Authors: Qiu Haifa , Wan Jing , Zhang Junxian , Wang Xin , Zhang Nianji , Chen Rouxi , Xia Yu , Huang Li , Wang Hsing‐Lin
Published: July 2021

Renewable organic cathodes with abundant elements show promise for sustainable rechargeable batteries. Herein, for the first time, utilizing C60 fullerene as organic cathode for room‐temperature lithium‐ion battery is reported. The C60 cathode shows robust electrochemical performance preferably in ether‐based electrolyte. It delivers discharge capacity up to 120 mAh g−1 and specific energy exceeding 200 Wh kg−1 with high initial Coulombic efficiency of 91%. The as‐fabricated battery holds a capacity of 90 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles and showcases remarkable rate performance with 77 mAh g−1 retained at 500 mA g−1. Noteworthily, three couples of unusual flat voltage plateaus recur at ≈2.4, 1.7, and 1.5 V, respectively. Diffusion‐dominated three‐electron‐redox reactions are revealed by cyclic voltammogram and plateau capacities. Intriguingly, it is for the first time unveiled by in situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) that the C60 cathode underwent three reversible phase transitions during lithiation/delithiation process, except for the initial discharge when irreversible polymerization in between C60 nanoclusters existed as suggested by the characteristic irreversible peak shifts in both in situ XRD pattern and in situ Raman spectra. Cs‐corrected transmission electron microscope corroborated these phase evolutions. Importantly, delithiation potentials derived from density‐functional‐theory simulation based on proposed phase structures qualitatively consists with experimental ones.
Low‐Voltage Soft Actuators for Interactive Human–Machine Interfaces
Authors: Chen Shaohua , Tan Matthew Wei Ming , Gong Xuefei , Lee Pooi See
Published: July 2021

Soft electrical actuators driven by low voltages are promising for interactive human–machine interfaces (iHMI) applications including executing orders to complete various tasks and communicating with humans. The attractive features of low‐voltage soft electrical actuators include their good safety, low power consumption, small system size, and nonrigid or deformable characteristics. This review covers three typical classes of electrical actuators, namely, electrochemical, electrothermal, and other electrical (dielectric, electrostatic, ferroelectric, and plasticized gel) actuators according to their mechanism and working potential range. For each kind of actuators, the advantages, working principle, device configuration/design, materials selection, recent progress, and potential applications for iHMI are summarized, with the strategies for enhancing the actuation performance under low voltages being highlighted. Finally, the challenges for those soft actuators and possible solutions are discussed.
Verifying earplug attenuation and evaluating the effectiveness of one‐on‐one training along with earplug fit testing at nine facilities in China
Authors: Gong Wei , Zhang Jingjing , Liu Xin , Ding Enmin , Zhu Baoli
Published: July 2021

Background

The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to measure the personal attenuation ratings (PARs) in Chinese workers wearing hearing protection devices (HPDs), to evaluate the effectiveness of the single number rating (SNR), the noise reduction rating (NRR), and the associated derated values of earplugs; and (2) to evaluate the effectiveness of one‐on‐one training along with earplug fit testing on PAR improvement.

Methods

Noise exposure measurements, one‐on‐one training, and fit tests to measure earplug attenuation were conducted at nine manufacturing facilities located in eastern China from 2016 to 2017. 503 workers participated in the study. Ninety‐three percent were male. 199 workers were provided one‐on‐one training.

Results

Before training, 14% and 15% of the workers achieved the attenuation predicted by the manufacturer's SNR and NRR, 56% and 65% exceeded the derated SNR and NRR, respectively. Following one‐on‐one training, mean PAR improved significantly by 15 dB (p < 0.01); 26% of the workers achieved SNR and NRR, 79% and 91% met the associated derated values, respectively.

Conclusions

Labeled noise attenuation ratings and their derated values overestimated the actual level of attenuation among workers wearing HPDs. One‐on‐one training along with earplug fit testing contributed to improved PARs.