bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A method for approximating optimal statistical significances with machine-learned likelihoods
Authors: Arganda Ernesto , Marcano Xabier , Lozano Víctor Martín , Medina Anibal D. , Perez Andres D. , Szewc Manuel , Szynkman Alejandro
Published: November 2022

Machine-learning techniques have become fundamental in high-energy physics and, for new physics searches, it is crucial to know their performance in terms of experimental sensitivity, understood as the statistical significance of the signal-plus-background hypothesis over the background-only one. We present here a simple method that combines the power of current machine-learning techniques to face high-dimensional data with the likelihood-based inference tests used in traditional analyses, which allows us to estimate the sensitivity for both discovery and exclusion limits through a single parameter of interest, the signal strength. Based on supervised learning techniques, it can perform well also with high-dimensional data, when traditional techniques cannot. We apply the method to a toy model first, so we can explore its potential, and then to a LHC study of new physics particles in dijet final states. Considering as the optimal statistical significance the one we would obtain if the true generative functions were known, we show that our method provides a better approximation than the usual naive counting experimental results.
Depression Detection from Social Media Text Analysis using Natural Language Processing Techniques and Hybrid Deep Learning Model
Authors: Tejaswini Vankayala , Sathya Babu Korra , Sahoo Bibhudatta
Published: November 2022

Depression is a kind of emotion that negatively impacts people's daily lives. The number of people suffering from long-term feelings is increasing every year across the globe. Depressed patients may engage in self-harm behaviors, which occasionally result in suicide. Many psychiatrists struggle to identify the presence of mental illness or negative emotion early to provide a better course of treatment before they reach a critical stage. One of the most challenging problems is detecting depression in people at the earliest possible stage. Researchers are using Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to analyze text content uploaded on social media, which helps to design approaches for detecting depression. This work analyses numerous prior studies that used learning techniques to identify depression. The existing methods suffer from better model representation problems to detect depression from the text with high accuracy. The present work addresses a solution to these problems by creating a new hybrid deep learning neural network design with better text representations called “Fasttext Convolution Neural Network with Long Short-Term Memory (FCL).” In addition, this work utilizes the advantage of NLP to simplify the text analysis during the model development. The FCL model comprises fasttext embedding for better text representation considering out-of-vocabulary (OOV) with semantic information, a convolution neural network (CNN) architecture to extract global information, and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) architecture to extract local features with dependencies. The present work was implemented on real-world datasets utilized in the literature. The proposed technique provides better results than the state-of-the-art to detect depression with high accuracy.
2DMAC: A Sustainable and Efficient Medium Access Control Mechanism for Future Wireless NoCs
Authors: Rout Sidhartha Sankar , Sinha Mitali , Deb Sujay
Published: November 2022

Wireless Network-on-Chip (WNoC) requires a Medium Access Control (MAC) mechanism for an interference-free sharing of the wireless channel. In traditional MAC, a token is circulated among the Wireless Interfaces (WIs) in a
Round Robin
manner. The WI with the token holds the channel for a fixed number of cycles. However, the channel requirement of the individual WIs dynamically changes over time due to the varying traffic density across the WNoC. Moreover, the conventional WNoCs give equal importance to all the traffic taking the wireless path and transmit it in an oldest-first manner. Nevertheless, the critical data can degrade the system performance to a large extent by delaying the application runtime if not served promptly. We propose 2DMAC, which can change the token arbitration pattern and tune the channel hold time of each WI based on its runtime traffic density and criticality status. Moreover, 2DMAC prioritizes the critical traffic over the non-critical traffic during the wireless data transfer. The proposed mechanism improves the wireless channel utilization by 15.67% and the network throughput by 29.83% and reduces the critical data latency by 29.77% over the traditional MAC.
The Psychology of Entrepreneurship: Action and Process
Authors: Frese Michael , Gielnik Michael M.
Published: November 2022

We review the research on the psychology of entrepreneurship of the last decade. We focus on two key topics in entrepreneurship research: action and process. Combining action and process in a model of the psychology of entrepreneurship, we present the action theory process model of entrepreneurship and use it as a guiding framework for the review. We discuss theories of action, such as effectuation/causation, bricolage, theory of planned behavior, and action theory. Furthermore, we adopt a process perspective to discuss antecedents of actions in terms of cognition, motivation, and emotion and how they develop during the entrepreneurial process. The process perspective considers recursive relationships and dynamic changes in actions and their antecedents over time. We conclude that the action theory process model is a useful starting point to explain the psychological dynamics of entrepreneurship.
Mesangial Cell–Derived Exosomal miR-4455 Induces Podocyte Injury in IgA Nephropathy by Targeting ULK2
Authors: Yu Mengjie , Shen Xiaogang , He Wenfang , Zheng Danna , He Qiang , Jin Juan
Published: November 2022

Growing evidence suggests that mesangial cells (MCs) play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) by secreting aIgA1. However, the mechanism by which MCs regulate podocyte injury remains unknown. This study demonstrated that MC-derived exosomes treated with aIgA1 induced podocyte injury in IgA nephropathy. miR-4455, which was significantly upregulated in aIgA1 treatment MC-derived exosomes, can be transferred from MCs to podocytes via exosomes. MC-derived exosomal miR-4455 induced podocyte injury. Mechanistically, exosomal miR-4455 directly targeted ULK2 to regulate LC3II/I and P62 levels, which mediates autophagy homeostasis. This study revealed that MC-derived exosomal miR-4455 is a key factor affecting podocyte injury and provides a series of potential therapeutic targets for treating IgA nephropathy.
The Association of Sarcopenia and Visceral Obesity with Lean Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Zhang Xingxing , He Zhiying , Si Qiya , Hu Xiang , Yang Lijuan , Gu Xiao , Du Linjia , Wang Lei , Pan Linyu , Li Yingqian , Li Jing , Yang Bo , Gu Xuejiang
Published: November 2022

Background. Few studies have specifically observed the relationship of sarcopenia, visceral obesity, or their joint effects with lean NAFLD in patients with diabetes. We aimed to investigate the associations of lean NAFLD with sarcopenia, visceral obesity, and sarcopenic visceral obesity (SV) in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods. Altogether, 1,112 T2DM patients with BMI <25 kg/m2 were enrolled, and 33.18% of them were diagnosed with lean NAFLD by abdominal ultrasonography. Body composition markers were measured by bioelectrical impedance (BIA). Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was calculated as appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) divided by weight, and sarcopenia was defined as

SMI
<
1
 
standard
 
deviation
 

SD

below the sex-specific average for a young reference population. Visceral obesity was defined as visceral fat area

VFA

≥
100
 
c

m

2

. Participants were categorized into one of the four body composition groups: nonsarcopenia/nonvisceral obesity (NN), nonsarcopenia/visceral obesity (NV), sarcopenia/nonvisceral obesity (SN), and SV. Results. Compared to those in the NN group, patients in the NV and SN groups had a higher risk of lean NAFLD after full adjustments (NV:

OR
=
1.74

; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.78; SN: OR =2.07; 95% CI: 1.23, 3.46). Of note, patients in the SV group had the highest odds of lean NAFLD (

OR
=
3.29

; 95% CI: 2.10, 5.17). There were no significant interaction effects between sarcopenia and metabolic risk factors on prevalent lean NAFLD. Conclusions. The current study demonstrated that SV was more closely associated with higher prevalent lean NAFLD than sarcopenia or visceral obesity alone in Chinese patients with T2DM. Besides, the harmful effect of sarcopenia on lean NAFLD was not influenced by visceral obesity or other metabolic risk factors. We hypothesize that increasing skeletal muscle mass more than just reducing visceral fat might be more optimal for the prevention and management of lean NAFLD, which needs further investigation in future studies.
Determining the Performance of Apis Mellifera Bandasii Populations under Different Agro-Ecologies of Central Ethiopia
Authors: Hunde Tadele , Hora Zewdu
Published: November 2022

Honeybee colonies exhibit a wide range of variations in their performance, depending on genetic and environmental factors. However, there has been little research carried out on Apis mellifera bandasii (A. m. bandasii) populations to characterize their behavioural performance. To gain insight into the details of the behavioural performance of this local honeybee, we characterized and compared the colony performance of honeybee populations at different altitudes. Fifty honeybee colonies per site, making a total of 150 colonies, were established at Bako (mid-highland), Gedo, and Holeta (highland). The colonies were evaluated for brood-rearing activities, resource collecting, brood solidity, swarming, defensive and hygienic behaviours, and honey yield parameters. The average brood areas were determined to be 6114.13 ± 500.36, 3298.30 ± 365.92, and 2521.23 ± 244.67 cm2 per colony; the average nectar areas were found to be 3399.46 ± 738.88, 1238.78 ± 228.96, and 1883.09 ± 232.57 cm2 per colony; the average number of queen cells was determined to be 0.62 ± 0.30, 1.20 ± 0.39, and 2.19 ± 0.49 per colony; the average percent of pin-killed broods removed was determined to be 93.78 ± 1.74, 96.42 ± 1.86, and 80.09 ± 7.86 per colony; the average percent of colonies absconded was determined to be 36, 54, and 46 per site at Holeta, Gedo, and Bako, respectively. The mean differences among the locations for brood areas, nectar areas, number of queen cells, percent of pin-killed broods removed, and percent of colonies absconded were significant (

p
<
0.05

), while the variations in the area of stored pollen, brood solidness, and honey yield were not significant. Significant variation within colonies of the same apiary of the same subspecies was observed. These results showed that A. m. bandasii at Holeta had the best performance and that Bako had the lowest performance. Therefore, the variability in colony performances indicates the possibility of improving strains of native stocks through selection and breeding strategies using the variations as an opportunity.
Robust H∞ Control for Markovian‐Jump‐Parameters Takagi–Sugeno Fuzzy Systems
Authors: Qin Wenzhao , Shen Yukai , Wang Lifang
Published: November 2022

The H∞ performance of a class of T‐S fuzzy systems with Markovian‐jump parameters is analyzed. A state feedback controller is designed for T‐S fuzzy systems with Markovian‐jump parameters. First, a new modal‐dependent Lyapunov function composed of closed‐loop functions is constructed, which can fully use system status information. Based on this function, the stability conditions with less conservatism are given by linear matrix inequalities (LMIS). At the same time, a design algorithm for a state feedback controller is proposed for the Markovian‐jump‐parameters T‐S fuzzy systems, which ensures the system’s stability under the condition of H∞ − γ performance. Simulation results demonstrate that the mentioned method is accurate and practical.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Therapy for Pulmonary Hypertension: A Comprehensive Review of Preclinical Studies
Authors: Xu Ji-Hong , Liang Jia-Ping , Zhu Chu-Jun , Lian Yu-Jun
Published: November 2022

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a type of clinical pathophysiological syndrome characterized by a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and subsequent progressive failure of the right heart function, and is a common complication of many diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) autonomously home to sites damaged by disease, repair damaged tissues, and participate in the regulation of systemic inflammation and immune responses, which have good clinical application prospects. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes and microvesicles, participate in various biological activities by regulating intercellular communication. Exosomes secreted into the extracellular environment also affect the host immune system. MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs), as a mediator in the paracrine processes of MSCs, carry biologically active substances such as proteins, lipids, mRNA, and micro-RNA. MSC-EVs therapies, safer than cell-based treatments, have been shown to be effective in modulating macrophages to support anti-inflammatory phenotypes, which are strongly related to histological and functional benefits in preclinical models of pulmonary hypertension. The main effects of active substances and their potential medical value have attracted wide attention from researchers. This article reviews the role and relevant mechanisms of MSC-EVs in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension in recent studies and provides a basis for their future clinical applications.
Multi-UCAV Cooperative Target Allocation Based on Energy-Reserved Chemical Reaction Algorithm (CNCRO)
Authors: Jun-Feng Dai , Li-Hui Fu
Published: November 2022

Aimed at the disadvantages of constrained processing technology in the cooperative target allocation of multiple unmanned combat aircraft (UCAV), the energy-reserved chemical reaction algorithm (CNCRO) is proposed to solve the constrained optimization problems. On the one hand, convert multiple constraint conditions of the multi-UCAV target allocation into optimization targets to transform the constrained processing problem into a multiobjective optimization problem including allocation goals and constrained optimization goals. On the other hand, the energy-reserved chemical reaction algorithm (CNCRO) is proposed, which introduces the environmental energy-reserved variables

buffer

into the ineffective collision, combination or splitting reactions between single molecule and multimolecules of CNCRO, which is used to boost energy for the low kinetic energy molecules, so as to reduce its kinetic energy in case of invalid collision of molecules and control it to gradually stabilize and converge. At the same time, the splitting reaction is inspired, to greatly change the structure of molecules, promote its search for more solution space, and improve the splitting reaction ability and its global optimization ability. Finally, the simulation experiment is completed by using MATLAB software. The advantages of CNCRO in accuracy are verified by 8 standard test functions, the influence of the weight coefficients in the cooperative target allocation function of UCAV is studied, which are revenue, loss, and voyage, and the target allocation schemes of traditional constrained processing and unconstrained multiobjective optimization methods based on different attack target number

C

i

and total target number

N

are investigated, to obtain the control law, which can be used to guide the given parameters with different emphases.
A Novel Chaotic Rao-2 Algorithm for Optimal Power Flow Solution
Authors: Warid Warid
Published: November 2022

This article suggests a novel chaotic Rao-2 algorithm to solve various optimal power flow (OPF) problems. The basic Rao-2 solver is a newly developed metaphor-less optimization tool. The novel optimization course of the basic Rao-2 algorithm relies on the finest and inferior solutions within the population and the indiscriminate interrelations among the nominee individuals. This tactic allows superior directions to scrutinize the exploration space. In this work, a novel chaotic Rao-2 algorithm-inspired scheme for handling the OPF problem is offered. In the offered solver, a chaotic tactic is amalgamated into the movement formula of the basic Rao-2 algorithm to enhance the variety of solutions and enhance both its global and local search capabilities. This novel scheme, which incorporates the features of the basic Rao-2 algorithm and chaotic dynamics, is then utilized to solve various OPF problems. For the OPF solution, five situations are investigated. The offered solver is examined on two standard IEEE test grids and the emulation outcomes are evaluated with the outcomes offered in the other publications and deemed competitive in terms of the features of the solution. The offered chaotic Rao-2 algorithm outperforms the basic Rao-2 algorithm regarding convergence velocity and solution competence. Furthermore, a test is performed to validate the statistical worth of the offered chaotic Rao-2-inspired solver. The offered chaotic Rao-2 algorithm presents a vigorous and simple solution for the OPF framework under various objectives.
Satisfaction toward Quality of Care and Associated Factors among Patients Admitted to Gambella General Hospital, Gambella Region, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Animut Natnael , Kabeta chala Temesgen , Beyene Salgedo Waju , Getachew Geredew Muluneh , Getachew Bekalu
Published: November 2022

Background. Patient satisfaction, the concept continues to become a crucial and commonly used indicator in the sector of health care delivery for determining the quality of health care services. Satisfaction is a highly desirable outcome of clinical care and may even be an element of health status itself. Therefore, a patient’s expression of satisfaction or dissatisfaction can be considered as a judgement on the quality of care in all of its aspects, whatever its strengths and weakness. Objective. The aim of the study is to determine patient satisfaction on the quality of care and associated factors among patients admitted in Gambella General Hospital, Gambella region, southwest Ethiopia, 2020. Methods. A facility-based cross-sectional study design was conducted, and a consecutive sampling technique was used to recruit 271 study subjects among patients admitted to Gambella General Hospital. All patients who stayed at least for five days and were discharged from inpatient wards were considered for this study. A semistructured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were entered to Epi-data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS V21 for analysis. Binary logistic regression models were fitted to determine statistically significant associations between dependent and independent variables, and multivariable logistic regression with an AOR with a 95% confidence interval was fitted for candidate variables in binary logistic regression, and statistical significance was declared at

p

value < 0.05. Result. The proportion of net patient satisfaction among the total of 271 respondents was 40.2% (95% CI: 34.36–46.04%). Being government employees (AOR = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.02–0.27), availability signs and direction indicators (AOR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.18–5.54), provision of adequate information on the treatments (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.18–5.44), getting provider’s attention (AOR = 3.5, 95% CI: 1.65–7.24), and understanding of specific patient needs and concerns (AOR = 6.04, 95% CI: 2.8–12.88) were found to be significant predicators of patient satisfaction on the quality of care. Conclusion. Less than half of the patients were satisfied with the quality of service delivered in the wards of the hospital. Occupation, signs and directions to follow, getting adequate information about treatment, providers’ attention, and understanding of specific needs and concerns of the patients were the significant factors. Thus, we would recommend that the hospital management should closely work together with health professionals, supportive staff, patients, and other concerned stakeholders to improve admitted patients’ satisfaction with the quality of care. Policymakers advised to develop and institutionalize better interpersonal relations in the health system.
An Improved Deep Learning-Based Technique for Driver Detection and Driver Assistance in Electric Vehicles with Better Performance
Authors: Balan Gunapriya , Arumugam Singaravelan , Muthusamy Suresh , Panchal Hitesh , Kotb Hossam , Bajaj Mohit , Ghoneim Sherif S. M. , Kitmo
Published: November 2022

Technology for electric vehicles (EVs) is a developing subject that offers numerous advantages, such as reduced operating costs. Since the goal of EVs has always been to have long-lasting batteries, any new hardware might drastically diminish battery life. Errors are common among human beings. Because of that, accidents and fatalities may occur due to drivers’ different behaviors such as sports style and moderation. To advance driver safety, security, and comfort, Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) must be personalized. Modern cars have ADAS that relieves the driver of some of the tasks they perform while driving. As a part of this research, a driver identification system based on a deep driver classification model (deep neural network as DNN) with feature reduction techniques (random forest as RF and principal component analysis as PCA) is implemented to help automate and aid in crucial jobs such as the brake system in an efficient manner. Using task models, we simulate a low-cost driver assisted scheme in real time, where various scenarios are explored and the schedulability of tasks is established before implementing them in EV. The new driver assistance scheme has several advantages over the existing options. It lowers the risk of an accident and ensures driver safety. The proposed model (RF-DNN) achieved 97.05% of accuracy and the PCA-DNN model achieved 95.55% of accuracy, whereas the artificial neural network as ANN with PCA and RF achieved nearly 92% of accuracy.
Influence Mechanism of Rubber Thermal Oxygen Aging on Dynamic Stiffness and Loss Factor of Rubber Isolation Pad
Authors: Chen Junjie , Li Xian , Chen Changyao , Yang Chaofeng , Gao Xiangdong
Published: November 2022

The influence mechanism of thermal oxygen aging on the dynamic characteristic of the rubber isolation pad (RIP) is usually ignored in studies. However, the ambient temperature of the RIP could reach up to 70°C in general, and even 108°C under some extreme conditions, which will lead to accelerated thermal oxygen aging and a decline in the mechanical performance for the RIP. In the meantime, the thermal oxygen aging will result in excessive vibration and even a damaged external air conditioner. Therefore, the research on the influence mechanism of rubber thermal oxygen aging on the dynamic performances of the RIP is crucial to the mechanical characteristic matching of the RIP. Considering the effect of the thermal oxygen aging on the dynamic characteristic, a novel model of thermal oxygen aging-dynamic characteristic of the RIP is established by adopting the Peck model, the hyperelastic model, the fractional derivative model, and the smooth Coulomb friction model (SCFM) in this paper. A test rig of the static and dynamic characteristics of the RIP is built, and an identification method of model parameters is developed based on the MTS831 elastomer test system as well which of the thermal oxygen aging-dynamic characteristic model is verified by the experimental data. The result is shown that the maximum growth rate of the static stiffness and the dynamic stiffness is 20.7% and 4.5%, respectively, and the maximum decrease rate of the loss factor is 10.6% as the thermal oxygen aging hardness of the RIP increases by 5HA. The amplitude-dependent, frequency-dependent, and thermal oxygen aging-dependent performances of the RIP are effectively characterized by the thermal oxygen aging-dynamic characteristic model. Moreover, a theoretical foundation is provided for the evolution law of the dynamic characteristic of the RIP after the service with the thermal oxygen aging condition in this research.
Ultrasonically Enhanced ZD2767P–Carboxypeptidase G2 Deactivates Cisplatin-Resistant Human Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Liu Qianfen , Li Xinya , Luo Yuanyuan , Wang Houmei , Zhang Ying , Yu Tinghe
Published: November 2022

The prodrug–enzyme regimen ZD2767P+CPG2 is limited by low efficacy. Here, ultrasound was used to modulate ZD2767P+CPG2 (i.e., ZD2767P+CPG2+US) against cisplatin-resistant human lung cancer cells. A549 and A549/DDP (resistant subline) cells received ZD2767P+CPG2 or ZD2767P+CPG2+US. Either ZD2767P+CPG2 or ZD2767P+CPG2+US led to cell death and apoptosis, and ZD2767P+CPG2+US produced stronger effects; comet assays revealed that these two means directly caused DNA double-strand break. Z-VAD-fmk and/or ferrostatin-1 increased the cell survival percentage, and Z-VAD-fmk decreased the apoptosis percentage. The level of transferrin was increased in treated cells, but those of ferroportin and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) were reduced, with higher intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species and of iron. Intracellular pharmacokinetics of ZD2767D (activated drug) indicated that the peak level, area under the drug level vs. time curve, and mean residence time in ZD2767P+CPG2+US were higher than those in ZD2767P+CPG2. Both ZD2767P+CPG2 and ZD2767P+CPG2+US were effective on xenograft tumors in nude mice; inhibitory rates were 39.7% and 63.5% in A549 tumors and 50.0% and 70.1% in A549/DDP tumors, respectively. A higher apoptosis level and a lower GPX4 level were noted in tumors receiving treatments. No severe adverse events were observed. These data demonstrated that ZD2767P+CPG2+US deactivated cancer cells via apoptosis and ferroptosis pathways, being a candidate therapy for cisplatin-resistant lung cancer.
Social and Psychosocial Determinants of Racial and Ethnic Differences in Cardiovascular Health in the United States Population
Authors: Shah Nilay S. , Huang Xiaoning , Petito Lucia C. , Bancks Michael P. , Ning Hongyan , Cameron Natalie A. , Kershaw Kiarri N. , Kandula Namratha R. , Carnethon Mercedes R. , Lloyd-Jones Donald M. , Khan Sadiya S.
Published: November 2022

Background:

Social and psychosocial factors are associated with cardiovascular health (CVH). Our objective was to examine the contributions of individual-level social and psychosocial factors to racial and ethnic differences in population CVH in the NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys) 2011 to 2018, to inform strategies to mitigate CVH inequities.

Methods:

In NHANES participants ages ≥20 years, Kitagawa-Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition estimated the statistical contribution of individual-level factors (education, income, food security, marital status, health insurance, place of birth, depression) to racial and ethnic differences in population mean CVH score (range, 0–14, accounting for diet, smoking, physical activity, body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol, blood glucose) among Hispanic, non-Hispanic Asian, or non-Hispanic Black adults compared with non-Hispanic White adults.

Results:

Among 16 172 participants (representing 255 million US adults), 24% were Hispanic, 12% non-Hispanic Asian, 23% non-Hispanic Black, and 41% non-Hispanic White. Among men, mean (SE) CVH score was 7.45 (2.3) in Hispanic, 8.71 (2.2) in non-Hispanic Asian, 7.48 (2.4) in non-Hispanic Black, and 7.58 (2.3) in non-Hispanic White adults. In Kitagawa-Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition, education explained the largest component of CVH differences among men (if distribution of education were similar to non-Hispanic White participants, CVH score would be 0.36 [0.04] points higher in Hispanic, 0.24 [0.04] points lower in non-Hispanic Asian, and 0.23 [0.03] points higher in non-Hispanic Black participants;
P
<0.05). Among women, mean (SE) CVH score was 8.03 (2.4) in Hispanic, 9.34 (2.1) in non-Hispanic Asian, 7.43 (2.3) in non-Hispanic Black, and 8.00 (2.5) in non-Hispanic White adults. Education explained the largest component of CVH difference in non-Hispanic Black women (if distribution of education were similar to non-Hispanic White participants, CVH score would be 0.17 [0.03] points higher in non-Hispanic Black participants;
P
<0.05). Place of birth (born in the United States versus born outside the United States) explained the largest component of CVH difference in Hispanic and non-Hispanic Asian women (if distribution of place of birth were similar to non-Hispanic White participants, CVH score would be 0.36 [0.07] points lower and 0.49 [0.16] points lower, respectively;
P
<0.05).

Conclusions:

Education and place of birth confer the largest statistical contributions to the racial and ethnic differences in mean CVH score among US adults.
Taming the ‘rude’ and ‘barbarous’ tongues of the frontier: Bor Saheps, Sutu Saheps and their encounters with languages, scripts, and texts (1835–1904)
Authors: Naorem Deepak
Published: November 2022

This article looks at an alternative history of colonial expansion in the North-East Frontier region during the nineteenth century by exploring the crucial role of colonial officers deployed there, who were locally known as Bor/bura saheps, sutu saheps or simply saheps. Scholarship on these officials has studied their roles as diplomats, administrators and military commanders, while this study instead examines their encounters with local languages, scripts and texts as well as their linguistic projects in the former frontier state of Manipur. The region was described as a recalcitrant frontier space, inhabited by ‘savages’ speaking ‘rude’ and ‘barbarous’ tongues. Yet the saheps’ knowledge of its languages, scripts, and local literature was vital for information-gathering as well as for their daily administrative work. This article raises questions about the ramifications of these colonial linguistic projects on the process of colonial expansion and consolidation and the concomitant establishment of language hegemony. It argues that the early linguistic projects were not only an indispensable instrument for colonial conquest but also produced rudimentary philological knowledge of the languages of the region, calcifying differences and hierarchies along linguistic lines and contributing to the methodical state-funded linguistic projects undertaken in the early twentieth century.
Does “Psychological Literacy” Feature in Non-Psychology Degrees? A Cross-Discipline Study of Student Perceptions
Authors: Pownall Madeleine , Thompson Chloe , Blundell-Birtill Pam , Newell Samantha J. , Harris Richard
Published: November 2022

Background: Psychological literacy is a set of attributes, which refer broadly to how students apply their subject-specific psychology knowledge to solving problems. However, the extent to which psychological literacy skills are unique to psychology as a discipline is unknown. Objective: We assessed whether students perceive psychological literacy attributes to be prominent in disciplines outside of psychology. Method: We recruited undergraduate students from Psychology, non-Psychology STEM subjects, and Humanities subjects ( N = 296) and asked them to identify the extent to which they perceive psychological literacy attributes to be prominent in their degrees. Results: Psychology students reported significantly higher perceived prominence of psychological literacy attributes in their degree, compared with Humanities and non-Psychology STEM students, in all but two of the psychological literacy attributes. Conclusion: These findings suggest that psychological literacy mostly represents attributes unique to psychology students, but some of these attributes are also developed within other disciplines. The facets of psychological literacy unique to psychology relate to knowledge of behavior, research skills, ethics, and socio-cultural issues. Teaching implications: This suggests that psychology students graduate with some subject specific attributes, which may make them uniquely advantaged in a competitive work context and affirms that psychology degrees do hold unique value.
A Lower-Class Advantage in Face Memory
Authors: Dietze Pia , Olderbak Sally , Hildebrandt Andrea , Kaltwasser Laura , Knowles Eric D.
Published: November 2022

People remember what they deem important. In line with research suggesting that lower-class (vs. higher class) individuals spontaneously appraise other people as more relevant, we show that social class is associated with the habitual use of face memory. We find that lower-class (vs. higher class) participants exhibit better incidental memory for faces (i.e., spontaneous memory for faces they had not been instructed to memorize; Studies 1 and 2). No social-class differences emerge for faces participants are instructed to learn (Study 2), suggesting that this pattern reflects class-based relevance appraisals rather than memory ability. Study 3 extends our findings to eyewitness identification. Lower-class (vs. higher-class) participants’ eyewitness accuracy is less impacted by the explicit relevance of a target (clearly relevant thief vs. incidental bystander). Integrative data analysis shows a robust negative association between social class and spontaneous face memory. Preregistration (Studies 1 and 3) and cross-cultural replication (Study 2) further strengthen the results.
Transitions and transformations in sibling relationships: Characteristics of Turkish and US young adults’ sibling-related turning-point memories
Authors: Kara Demet , Bauer Patricia J , Şahin-Acar Başak
Published: November 2022

This study investigated the narrative characteristics of Turkish and U.S. young adults’ sibling-related turning-point memories across gender, age orders, and cultures. We conducted face-to-face semi-structured interviews with 45 Turkish and 27 U.S. college students who had only one sibling. Participants were asked two main narrative questions: whether they have a close and personal relationship with their sibling and there is a turning point in their sibling relationships. Participants’ answers to these questions were coded on a number of narrative dimensions which are thematic categories, presence of personal relationship, direction of change in relationship quality, narrative style, transformativeness, and emotional valence. Three themes emerged in turning-point memories: developmental events, transitions, and growth; negative life events and challenges; and change in context. Results revealed no significant differences in turning-point memories between females and males, and between Turkish and U.S. populations. The findings indicated the unique role of siblings in the context of significant relationships regardless of gender and culture.
The Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), Mental Illness, and Personality Differences on Attitudes Toward Self-Efficacy Among Females on Parole/Probation
Authors: Lawrence Timothy I.
Published: November 2022

Female offenders released from prison often face challenges within the community such as lack of employment, inconsistent attendance in substance use treatment, and complying with parole and probation conditions, which typically decreases their self-efficacy and motivation to refrain from reoffending. Despite this, much is still unknown of psychological factors that could impact female offenders’ attitudes toward self-efficacy, such as mental illness symptoms, Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), and personality differences. Thus, this cross-sectional study explored whether mental illness symptoms, ACEs, and personality differences were associated with attitudes toward self-efficacy ( N = 398). Results suggest that mental illness symptoms, ACEs, and neuroticism negatively associated with attitudes toward self-efficacy in contrast to extraversion and conscientiousness. Parole/probation reentry and therapeutic implications are discussed.
Do shifting practices vary across the firm life cycle?
Authors: Bansal Manish
Published: November 2022

Prior research documents that managers engage in revenue shifting and expense shifting to report inflated operating performance of firms. This study extends this research in a new direction by investigating the relationship between revenue shifting and expense shifting across the firm life cycle. The study posits and finds that firms during the low life cycle stages (particularly, introductory and growth stage) prefer expense shifting over revenue shifting, whereas firms during the high life cycle stages (particularly, mature and decline stage) prefer revenue shifting over expense shifting for managing earnings, implying that firms choose the shifting tool based on ease, need, and relative advantage of each tool. Our subsequent tests suggest that the effect of expense (revenue) shifting is more pronounced among low (high) life cycle stage firms when they are small (large) and young (old). These results are robust to control for other tools of earnings management, and alternative measures of shifting practices and firm life cycle. The findings aware auditors and analysts of the shifting practices of firms operating at high and low life cycle stages.

JEL Classification:

M41, M48
A Methodological Approach for Documenting Multi-Component Interventions Targeting Family Caregivers
Authors: Griffin Joan M. , Vanderboom Catherine E. , Gustavson Allison M. , Kaufman Brystana G. , Ingram Cory , Wild Ellen , Dose Ann Marie , Mandrekar Jay , Holland Diane E.
Published: November 2022

Managing the complex care needs of seriously ill patients transitioning from hospital to home can have detrimental effects on family caregivers (FCG). Multi-component interventions tailored to FCG needs are most effective at reducing caregiver burden, distress, and depression. However, gaps exist in determining best methods to assess, document, and analyze intervention components for FCGs. Common methods used to capture patient data during transitions in care may not be appropriate or allowed for FCG needs. As such, we present a methodological approach for electronically capturing, reporting, and analyzing multiple intervention components. This approach uses a standardized terminology and pathway for tailoring intervention components in real time while evaluating intervention effects across time. We use examples from a randomized controlled trial to illustrate the benefits of the current approach for analyzing the effectiveness of multi-component interventions in the context of caregiving research.
The Role of Community Participation in Cross-Sector Social Partnerships
Authors: Maiolini Riccardo , Versari Pietro , Rullani Francesco , Seitanidi M. May
Published: November 2022

Communities, intended as self-organized informal groups, are much less structured than nonprofit organizations typically considered by Cross-Sector Social Partnership (CSSP) studies. Building on the empirical investigation of a real CSSP, this article offers an in-depth analysis of the ambivalent dynamics implied by partnership with such communities. Our findings indicate that the mechanisms that create room for innovative collaboration opportunities made available by these communities (such as co-innovation, pricing co-determination, co-financing, and democratic decision making) can also, over time, adversely affect the partnership and cause it to permanently lose its shared purpose. In our conclusion, we provide potential remedies for the latter scenario and discuss how they may enrich CSSP literature.
Estimation of Tax Evasion in the Greek Business Sector
Authors: Stasinopoulos D. , Goula A. , Soulis S.
Published: November 2022

This article attempts to measure and report the extent and magnitude of tax evasion by all kinds of enterprises in the Greek economy, for the period 2011–2017, utilizing the ‘single net profit ratios’, which were implemented in the past by the Hellenic Tax Authority in the context of tax audits. According to the research findings, the annual tax evasion for all Greek enterprises was calculated on average for the period 2011–2017, in terms of gross revenues concealment, at €57.5 billion (31.58% of GDP). Since 2011 there has been a strong steady decline in tax evasion of enterprises while on the contrary a steady increase has been recorded for sole proprietorships and self-employed.
Does Response Format Matter? The Psychometric Effects of Filter Questions on Self-Reported Symptom Frequencies
Authors: Magnus Brooke E. , Chen Yitan
Published: November 2022

The presence–severity response format uses a filter question to ask about the presence of a symptom, followed by a question about the severity of that symptom. Only an affirmative response to the filter question triggers the follow-up question. Despite its widespread use, little research has compared the psychometric properties of the presence–severity response format to those of the traditional single-item response format. The purpose of this research was to understand how filter questions influence item responses and characteristics on several short health-related questionnaires. Using two different experimental designs, we find that depending on the construct being measured, the inclusion of a filter question can have a substantial effect on people’s responses, and in turn, the psychometric properties of the items. Overall, the presence–severity response format results in a reduction in symptom reporting and loss of information about individual differences, particularly for people experiencing mild symptoms. Measurement recommendations are provided.
Acceleration of a parallel BDDC solver by using graphics processing units on subdomains
Authors: Šístek Jakub , Oberhuber Tomáš
Published: November 2022

An approach to accelerating a parallel domain decomposition (DD) solver by graphics processing units (GPUs) is investigated. The solver is based on the Balancing Domain Decomposition Method by Constraints (BDDC), which is a nonoverlapping DD technique. Two kinds of local matrices are required by BDDC. First, dense matrices corresponding to local Schur complements of interior unknowns are constructed by the sparse direct solver. These are further used as part of the local saddle-point problems within BDDC. In the next step, the local matrices are copied to GPUs. Repeated multiplications of local vectors with the dense matrix of the Schur complement are performed for each subdomain. In addition, factorizations and backsubstitutions with the dense saddle-point subdomain matrices are also performed on GPUs. Detailed times of main components of the algorithm are measured on a benchmark Poisson problem. The method is also applied to an unsteady problem of incompressible flow, where the Krylov subspace iterations are performed repeatedly in each time step. The results demonstrate the potential of the approach to speed up realistic simulations up to 5 times with a preference towards large subdomains.
Water Quality Assessment and Identification of Novel Bacterial Strains in the Halda River Water of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md Habibur , Ferdouse Jannatul , Ullah A K M Atique , Hossain Md Towhid
Published: November 2022

The present study was undertaken to determine a holistic picture of pollution comprising the physicochemical and microbiological properties of the Halda River water of Bangladesh. A total 45 samples were collected from five sampling sites. Different water quality parameters including temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), total solids (TS), turbidity, concentration of heavy metals, total bacterial count (TBC), total coliform (TC), and fecal coliforms (FC) were assessed. Isolation and identification of 10 bacterial isolates was done using their cultural, morphological, physiological, biochemical characteristics, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. Antibiotic sensitivity of selected isolates was also investigated. DO (6–14.67 mgL−1), BOD (2–8 mgL−1), COD (40.43–107.63 mgL−1), TSS (818.33–3,180 mgL−1), TS (1,039.33–3,897.33 mgL−1), and turbidity (40.09–355 NTU), TBC (7.2 × 103–3.83 × 105 CFU/mL), FC (0.7 × 102–3.9 × 103/100 mL) were measured in both non breeding and breeding time that implies the pollution of the Halda river water. Heavy metal concentration was found within standard limit. Among the isolates, Bacillus wiedmannii strain HSA2 (accession no. MT102620) showed multidrug-resistant, which is a matter of great concern. According to the study findings, the water quality of the Halda river is being deteriorated, posing a threat to public health as well as the aquatic environment.
Researching vulnerable participants: The role of critical reflexivity in overcoming methodological challenges
Authors: Nikidehaghani Mona , Hui-Truscott Freda , Cortese Corinne
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we critically reflect on the methodological challenges encountered during a qualitative research project that examined the effectiveness of the Australian National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS). We draw on Lewis and Mehmet’s (2021) approach that combines aspects of autoethnography and reflexivity to focus on three key areas, inclusive research, informed consent, and recruitment, which we have considered in terms of mistrust and the roles of the gatekeeper. This paper contributes to our understanding of researching vulnerable and marginalised populations and highlights learnings for marketers as they seek to identify how to adequately capture the voices of the often voiceless. Key implications include acknowledging vulnerability as a multi-dimensional concept, adopting a continual reflective approach, selecting appropriate channels of communication, and considering team dynamics before and during research implementation. By showcasing our learning experiences, we guide other market researchers who are interested in exploring similarly marginalised or vulnerable groups.