bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ZAFERİN 25. YIL DÖNÜMÜNDE BİR KOŞU BİR TÖREN: DUMLUPINAR DAN MUDANYA YA ŞEHİT TOPRAĞI
Authors: Batır Betül
Published: November 2022

Mudanya Mütarekesi’nin imzalandığı gün olan 11 Ekim her yıl
görkemli törenlerle anılmaktadır. Genellikle bu törenler yerel
merciler tarafından düzenlenerek tüm ulusun da dahil olduğu
ulusal anma törenlerine dönüşmektedir. Bu amaç ve içerikle
oluşturulan bir tören olarak Mudanya Mütarekesi’nin 25. yıl
dönümünde Mudanya Halkevi tarafından planlanan Afyon ve
Kütahya Halkevleriyle birlikte yürütülen Dumlupınar’dan
Mudanya’ya şehit toprağı getirilmesi projesi 1946 yılı içerinde
tasarlanmıştı. Mudanya Halkevi Başkanı Hilmi Aktan’ın 1946
yılı içerisinde teklif ettiği bu proje zamanın yetersizliği
nedeniyle 1947 yılına bırakılmıştı. Milli Mücadele’nin şiddetli
çarpışmalarının yaşandığı üç tepeden alınacak şehit toprağı
genç atletler vasıtasıyla Dumlupınar’dan yola çıkarılacak,
Afyon, Kütahya yolu ile Mudanya’ya Mudanya Mütarekesi’nin
imzalandığı tarih olan 11 Ekim günü Mütareke evine
ulaştırılacaktı. Şehitliği sembolize eden topraklar burada
ziyaretçilere açık olarak sergilenecekti.
Çalışmada kolektif hafızayı canlı tutmak üzere 11 Ekim 1947
tarihinde Mudanya’da Mütareke evinde gerçekleştirilen yıl
dönümü etkinliğinin planlanması, programı ve gerçekleşmesi
detaylı olarak ele alınmıştır. Mudanya Halkevi başta olmak
üzere Afyon ve Kütahya Halkevleri ile yazışmalar, arşiv
belgeleri, dönemin gazete ve dergilerinden yararlanılarak temel
kaynaklar üzerinden anma yıl dönümü değerlendirilmiştir.
Anahtar kelimeler: Mudanya Mütarekesi, Mu
GAIUS GRACCHUS UN REFORM PROGRAMININ GENEL KARAKTERİ VE ROMA CUMHURİYETİ NİN SOSYO-POLİTİK SINIRLARI
Authors: Demir Okan
Published: November 2022

Tiberius Gracchus’un İÖ II. yüzyıldan itibaren giderek
derinleşen ve Roma ordusunun bel kemiği niteliğindeki çiftçiaskerlerin mülksüzleşmesiyle gün yüzüne çıkan krizi toprak
reformuyla aşmayı hedefleyen programı, nobilitastan (soylu
ailelerden) terkip eden senatus oligarşisi tarafından kanla
bastırılmıştır. Gaius Gracchus, ağabeyi Tiberius ve
takipçilerinin öldürülmesinden yaklaşık on yıl sonra tribunus
seçilerek halk partisinin (populares) liderliğine geçmiştir.
Gaius Gracchus’un koloni kurulumu ve küçük üreticileri
koruyan çeşitli yasalar üzerinden ağabeyinin reformlarını
sürdürmüştür. Gaius’un stratejisini farklılaştıran Roma
siyasetinde kökleri patricii-plebes mücadelesi dönemine değin
uzanan populares (halkçılar) optimates (“en iyiler”-
muhafazakarlar) şeklinde İÖ III. yüzyıldan itibaren tebarüz
eden siyasi kutuplaşma içerisinde populares yararına toplumun
farklı kesimlerinden destek sağlama çabasıdır. O, reform
programını başarılı kılmak amacıyla equites (atlılar), plebs
urbana (şehirli avam) ve plebs rustica (taşralı halk) gibi Roma
toplumunun farklı kesimlerine imkanlar ve imtiyazlar
yaratmıştır. Italia’daki müttefik hukuklu topluluklara oy
hakkını vererek siyasi mücadelesine tüm İtalya sathına yayarak
destek toplamak istemesi, senatus oligarşisini meydana getiren
optimatesin engellemesiyle karşılaşmıştır. Gaius Gracchus’un
reform programı kapsamında izlediği strateji, Geç Cumhuriyet
Dönemi’ndeki siyasi kutuplaşmada Cumhuriyeti sosyo-politik
sınırlarına ulaştıracak tayfı sunmuştur.
Return on Investment of the COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign in New York City
Authors: Sah Pratha , Vilches Thomas N. , Moghadas Seyed M. , Pandey Abhishek , Gondi Suhas , Schneider Eric C. , Singer Jesse , Chokshi Dave A. , Galvani Alison P.
Published: November 2022

Importance

New York City, an early epicenter of the pandemic, invested heavily in its COVID-19 vaccination campaign to mitigate the burden of disease outbreaks. Understanding the return on investment (ROI) of this campaign would provide insights into vaccination programs to curb future COVID-19 outbreaks.

Objective

To estimate the ROI of the New York City COVID-19 vaccination campaign by estimating the tangible direct and indirect costs from a societal perspective.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This decision analytical model of disease transmission was calibrated to confirmed and probable cases of COVID-19 in New York City between December 14, 2020, and January 31, 2022. This simulation model was validated with observed patterns of reported hospitalizations and deaths during the same period.

Exposures

An agent-based counterfactual scenario without vaccination was simulated using the calibrated model.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Costs of health care and deaths were estimated in the actual pandemic trajectory with vaccination and in the counterfactual scenario without vaccination. The savings achieved by vaccination, which were associated with fewer outpatient visits, emergency department visits, emergency medical services, hospitalizations, and intensive care unit admissions, were also estimated. The value of a statistical life (VSL) lost due to COVID-19 death and the productivity loss from illness were accounted for in calculating the ROI.

Results

During the study period, the vaccination campaign averted an estimated $27.96 (95% credible interval [CrI], $26.19-$29.84) billion in health care expenditures and 315 724 (95% CrI, 292 143-340 420) potential years of life lost, averting VSL loss of $26.27 (95% CrI, $24.39-$28.21) billion. The estimated net savings attributable to vaccination were $51.77 (95% CrI, $48.50-$55.85) billion. Every $1 invested in vaccination yielded estimated savings of $10.19 (95% CrI, $9.39-$10.87) in direct and indirect costs of health outcomes that would have been incurred without vaccination.

Conclusions and Relevance

Results of this modeling study showed an association of the New York City COVID-19 vaccination campaign with reduction in severe outcomes and avoidance of substantial economic losses. This significant ROI supports continued investment in improving vaccine uptake during the ongoing pandemic.
Assessment of Uptake Appropriateness of Computed Tomography for Lung Cancer Screening According to Patients Meeting Eligibility Criteria of the US Preventive Services Task Force
Authors: Liu Yu , Pan I-Wen Elaine , Tak Hyo Jung , Vlahos Ioannis , Volk Robert , Shih Ya-Chen Tina
Published: November 2022

Importance

Currently, computed tomography (CT) is used for lung cancer screening (LCS) among populations with various levels of compliance to the eligibility criteria from the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations and may represent suboptimal allocation of health care resources.

Objective

To evaluate the appropriateness of CT LCS according to the USPSTF eligibility criteria.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study used the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey. Participants included individuals who responded to the LCS module administered in 20 states and had valid answers to questions regarding screening and smoking history. Data were analyzed between October 2021 and August 2022.

Exposures

Screening eligibility groups were categorized according to the USPSTF 2013 recommendations, and subgroups of individuals who underwent LCS were analyzed.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Main outcomes included LCS among the screening-eligible population and the proportions of the screened populations according to compliance categories established from the USPSTF 2013 and 2021 recommendations. In addition, the association between respondents’ characteristics and LCS was evaluated for the subgroup who were screened despite not meeting any of the 3 USPSTF screening criteria: age, pack-year, and years since quitting smoking.

Results

A total of 96 097 respondents were identified for the full study cohort, and 2 subgroups were constructed: (1) 3374 respondents who reported having a CT or computerized axial tomography to check for lung cancer and (2) 33 809 respondents who did not meet any screening eligibility criteria. The proportion of participants who were under 50 years old was 53.1%; between 50 and 54, 9.1%; between 55 and 79, 33.8%; and over 80, 4.0%. A total of 51 536 (50.9%) of the participants were female. According to the USPSTF 2013 recommendation, 807 (12.8%) of the screening-eligible population underwent LCS. Among those who were screened, only 807 (20.9%) met all 3 screening eligibility criteria, whereas 538 (20.1%) failed to meet any criteria. Among respondents in subgroup 2, being of older age and having a history of stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, kidney disease, or diabetes were associated with higher likelihood of LCS.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study of the BRFSS 2019 survey, the low uptake rate among screening-eligible patients undermined the goal of LCS of early detection. Suboptimal screening patterns could increase health system costs and add financial stress, psychological burden, and physical harms to low-risk patients, while failing to provide high-quality preventive services to individuals at high risk of lung cancer.
Repairing Our View of Dementia
Authors: Manohar Sujal
Published: November 2022

This essay describes the author’s experience with leading a virtual art tour for adults with dementia.
Assessment of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Outcomes of Pediatric Hospitalizations for Sepsis Across the United States
Authors: Li Erica , Ng Ayesha P. , Williamson Catherine G. , Tran Zachary , Federman Myke D. , Benharash Peyman
Published: November 2022

This cross-sectional study examines mortality, prevalence of complex chronic conditions, and admission rates by race and ethnicity of hospitalized children.
Honey bees are the most abundant visitors to Australian watermelon but native stingless bees are equally effective as pollinators
Authors: Subasinghe Arachchige Erandi C. W. , Rader Romina , Cutting Brian T. , Keir Matthew , van Noort Theo , Fale Grant , Howlett Brad G. , Samnegård Ulrika , Evans Lisa J.
Published: November 2022

Despite the benefits of a diverse approach to crop pollination, global food production remains reliant on a low diversity of managed pollinators, especially the European honey bee (Apis mellifera). To facilitate more robust pollinator management and improve the resilience of the production system, it is necessary to understand regional variation in the pollination ecology of global food crops. Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus[Thunb.] Matsum & Nakai) is a highly insect pollinator‐dependent crop and even though it is grown globally across many different climate zones, little is known about its pollination ecology across the diverse growing regions of Australia, spanning from the tropics to the arid zone.

We compared the species composition, visitation rates and effectiveness of the dominant floral visitors on 15 farms across five major watermelon‐growing regions of Australia.

We found that insect species composition differed significantly among regions, but honey bees were the dominant watermelon flower visitor, with relative abundance varying from 73% to 94%. However, native bees (including stingless beesTetragonulasp., and bees from families Megachilidae and Halictidae such asLasioglossum,HomalictusandLipotriches) and flies (particularly Syrphidae sp.) also visited and transferred pollen onto watermelon flowers.

In particular, native stingless bees were common visitors in several growing regions and deposited similar amounts of pollen to honey bees.

Our findings indicate that the Australian watermelon industry utilizes honey bees, but the diverse assemblage of available native pollinating taxa provides an additional opportunity for growers in specific growing regions. Pollination service delivery could be increased by deploying managed populations (e.g., native stingless bee colonies), employing pollinator‐safe land management practices as well as exploring methods for increasing the efficiency of managed honey bee colonies.
Preventing Sudden Death of High‐Energy Lithium‐Ion Batteries at Elevated Temperature Through Interfacial Ion‐Flux Rectification
Authors: Wang Yong , Chang Xiwang , Li Zhiyuan , Mei Yueni , Zhang Yixiao , Liu Lei , Wang Ke , Gu Haitao , Li Linsen
Published: November 2022

Lithium‐ion batteries commonly exhibit a gradual loss of Li‐storage capacity during operation and storage. However, they can also abruptly lose much of their capacity in a rollover fashion (i.e., “sudden death”) under aggressive but practically relevant conditions, such as high‐voltage operation or cycling at elevated temperatures. Here the origin of rollover failure is investigated in high‐energy LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2‐graphite (NCA‐Gr) batteries cycled at 55 °C. A combined chemical, structural, and electrochemical studies revealed that severe Li plating at the anode surface is the major reason causing the capacity rollover. The Li plating at elevated temperature is triggered by temperature hotspots resulting from inhomogeneous Li‐ion flux, which is a thermodynamic‐driven mechanism different from the kinetically limited one at low temperature and/or under fast‐charging conditions. A Zr(OH)4‐coated, ion‐rectifying separator is further designed to enable an NCA‐Gr pouch cell with a stable cycle performance for 600 cycles and without a sudden death at 55 °C.
The Edge Effects Boosting Hydrogen Evolution Performance of Platinum/Transition Bimetallic Phosphide Hybrid Electrocatalysts
Authors: Tan Yeshu , Feng Jianrui , Dong Haobo , Liu Longxiang , Zhao Siyu , Lai Feili , Liu Tianxi , Bai Ying , Parkin Ivan P. , He Guanjie
Published: November 2022

Platinum (Pt) is regarded as a promising electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, its application in an alkaline medium is limited by the activation energy of water dissociation, diffusion of H+, and desorption of H*. Moreover, the formation of effective structures with a low Pt usage amount is still a challenge. Herein, guided by the simulation discovery that the edge effect can boost local electric field (LEF) of the electrocatalysts for faster proton diffusion, platinum nanocrystals on the edge of transition metal phosphide nanosheets are fabricated. The unique heterostructure with ultralow Pt amount delivered an outstanding HER performance in an alkaline medium with a small overpotential of 44.5 mV and excellent stability for 80 h at the current density of −10 mA cm−2. The mass activity of as‐prepared electrocatalyst is 2.77 A mg−1Pt, which is 15 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C electrocatalysts (0.18 A mg−1Pt). The density function theory calculation revealed the efficient water dissociation, fast adsorption, and desorption of protons with hybrid structure. The study provides an innovative strategy to design unique nanostructures for boosting HER performances via achieving both synergistic effects from hybrid components and enhanced LEF from the structural edge effect.
Toward an Understanding of Bimetallic MXene Solid‐Solution in Binder‐Free Electrocatalyst Cathode for Advanced Li–CO2 Batteries
Authors: Zhao Wentian , Yang Yong , Deng Qinghua , Dai Qingyang , Fang Zhao , Fu Xiaolong , Yan Wuwei , Wu Lizhi , Zhou Yong
Published: November 2022

Li–CO2 batteries have received extensive attention due to their high energy storage capacity and utilization of CO2 resources. Herein, bimetallic MXene solid‐solution TiVC is prepared and combined with highly conductive graphene for the construction of binder‐free electrocatalyst cathodes for Li–CO2 batteries. Considering the electronic structure, the unique synergy effect between Ti and V in TiVC enhances the interfacial chemical bonding ability, facilitates sufficient exposure of active sites and promotes catalytic interfacial structural reformation, thereby promoting the reversible formation and decomposition of the chemically inert discharge product Li2CO3. Meanwhile, the abundant pores and excellent electron transfer ability of graphene aerogel are conducive to the gas diffusion and ion transport, thus reducing the mass and charge transfer resistance. As a result, the assembled Li–CO2 battery presents an excellent discharge capacity of 27 880 mAh g−1 with a stable discharge plateau of 2.77 V and low overpotential of 1.5 V based on the TiVC‐graphene aerogel electrocatalytic cathode. The density functional theory calculations are further performed to deeply reveal the unique electronic structure information between Ti and V in the solid‐solution TiVC. This study provides inspiration for exploring more bimetallic MXene solid solutions and developing advanced cathode catalysts for flexible Li–CO2 batteries.
A Dual‐Function Additive to Regulate Nucleation Behavior and Interfacial Chemistry for Ultra‐Stable Na Metal Anodes beyond One Year
Authors: Chen Qianwen , Zhuang Weiman , Hou Zhen , Jiang Yabin , Wan Jianyong , Zhang Tianxu , Zhao Yun , Huang Limin
Published: November 2022

Sodium (Na) metal anodes suffer from dendrite formation and inferior reversibility, mainly induced by the inhomogeneous nucleation/growth and fragile solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), which hinders their commercial application. Optimizing nucleation behavior or SEI features can improve Na deposition/stripping process, as observed in most currently available approaches, but its long‐term cyclic stability remains a great challenge because these issues are not fully optimized/solved in an individual method. Herein, a dual‐role crown ether additive (CEA) is introduced into electrolytes to circumvent these challenges concurrently. As revealed by experiments and theoretical calculations, CEA possesses a strong affinity with Na+ and effectively regulates desolvation kinetics, leading to the uniform Na nucleation/growth. On the other hand, the resultant Na+/CEA complexes with a strong Lewis acid feature easily attract anions, which enables an anion‐abundant solvation sheath, resulting in a NaF‐rich SEI. Consequently, Na|Cu cells deliver a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.95% beyond one year and stable cyclic stability over 3000 h even under a high depth of discharge (75%), surpassing most previous studies. Furthermore, this concept is readily extended to zinc metal batteries, verifying that simultaneous nucleation control and interfacial chemistry regulation are promising ways to realize stable metal anodes.
Hierarchical Design of Cross‐Linked NiCo2S4 Nanowires Bridged NiCo‐Hydrocarbonate Polyhedrons for High‐Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitor
Authors: Zhao Junping , Wang Yahui , Qian Yudan , Jin Huile , Tang Xinyue , Huang Zaimei , Lou Jiayi , Zhang Qingcheng , Lei Yong , Wang Shun
Published: November 2022

Engineering core‐shell materials with rationally designed architectures and components is an effective strategy to fulfill the high‐performance requirements of supercapacitors. Herein, hierarchical candied‐haws‐like NiCo2S4@NiCo(HCO3)2 core‐shell heterostructure (NiCo2S4@HCs) is designed with NiCo(HCO3)2 polyhedrons being tightly strung by cross‐linked NiCo2S4 nanowires. This rational design not only creates more electroactive sites but also suppresses the volume expansion during the charge–discharge processes. Meanwhile, density functional theory calculations ascertain that the formation of NiCo2S4@HCs heterostructure simultaneously facilitates OH− adsorption/desorption and accelerates electron transfer within the electrode, boosting fast and efficient redox reactions. Ex situ X‐ray diffraction and Raman measurements reveal that gradual phase transformations from NiCo(HCO3)2 to NiCo(OH)2CO3 and then to highly‐active NiCoOOH take place during the cycles. Therefore, NiCo2S4@HCs demonstrates an ultrahigh capacitance of 3178.2 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and a remarkable rate capability of 2179.3 F g−1 at 30 A g−1. In addition, the asymmetric supercapacitor NiCo2S4@HCs//AC exhibits a high energy density of 69.6 W h kg−1 at the power density of 847 W kg−1 and excellent cycling stability with 90.2% retained capacitance after 10 000 cycles. Therefore, this novel structural design has effectively manipulated the interface charge states and guaranteed the structural integrity of electrode materials to achieve superior electrochemical performances.
Grain‐Boundary‐Rich Triphasic Artificial Hybrid Interphase Toward Practical Magnesium Metal Anodes
Authors: Li Yuanjian , Yang Gaoliang , Zhang Chang , Lieu Wei Ying , Lim Carina Yi Jing , Sun Shengnan , Wang Jianbiao , Jiang Shunqiong , Xing Zhenxiang , Sofer Zdenek , Ng Man‐Fai , Liu Wei , Seh Zhi Wei
Published: November 2022

Magnesium metal anodes have attracted widespread attention for their high volumetric capacity and natural abundance, but are precluded from practical applications by poor rate capability and limited lifespan due to sluggish ion‐transfer kinetics and uneven deposition behavior. Herein, for the first time a grain‐boundary‐rich triphasic artificial hybrid interphase, consisting of Sb metal, Mg3Sb2 alloy, and MgCl2, is designed on Mg anode surface by a facile solution treatment method, enabling high‐rate and long‐cycle Mg plating/stripping behavior. The triphasic artificial hybrid interphase affords high magnesiophilicity and ionic conductivity to reduce the energy barriers for Mg2+ desolvation and deposition. Meanwhile, the abundant grain boundaries redistribute Mg2+ flux at the electrode‐electrolyte interface and guide uniform Mg deposition. Accordingly, the as‐designed Mg metal anode achieves ultralong cycling life of 350 h at a high current density of 5 mA cm−2 and a large areal capacity of 5 mAh cm−2, outperforming previously reported Mg metal anodes with artificial interphases. Full cells with Mo6 cathode also show extraordinary stability over a long lifespan of 8000 cycles at a high rate of 5 C. The rational artificial interphase design and the understanding of composition‐structure‐function relationships shed deep insights into the development of fast‐charging and long‐cycling Mg metal batteries.
Amorphous Carbon Films for Electronic Applications
Authors: Kim Ik‐Soo , Shim Chae‐Eun , Kim Sang Won , Lee Chang‐Seok , Kwon Junyoung , Byun Kyung‐Eun , Jeong Unyong
Published: November 2022

While various crystalline carbon allotropes, including graphene, have been actively investigated, amorphous carbon (a‐C) thin films have received relatively little attention. The a‐C is a disordered form of carbon bonding with a broad range of the CC bond length and bond angle. Although accurate structural analysis and theoretical approaches are still insufficient, reproducible structure–property relationships have been accumulated. As the a‐C thin film is now adapted as a hardmask in the semiconductor industry and new properties are reported continuously, expectations are growing that it can be practically used as active materials beyond as a simple sacrificial layer. In this perspective review article, after a brief introduction to the synthesis and properties of the a‐C thin films, their potential practical applications are proposed, including hardmasks, extreme ultraviolet (EUV) pellicles, diffusion barriers, deformable electrodes and interconnects, sensors, active layers, electrodes for energy, micro‐supercapacitors, batteries, nanogenerators, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, and nanomembranes. The article ends with a discussion on the technological challenges in a‐C thin films.
Full‐Color Circularly Polarized Luminescence of CsPbX3 Nanocrystals Triggered by Chiral Carbon Dots
Authors: Ru Yi , Zhang Baowei , Yong Xue , Sui Laizhi , Yu Jingkun , Song Haoqiang , Lu Siyu
Published: November 2022

Chiral carbon dots (Ch‐CDs) trigger the full‐color circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) of CsPbX3 nanocrystals (NCs). Ch‐CDs‐CsPbBr3 NCs are successfully synthesized via simple ligand‐assisted coprecipitation of Ch‐CDs and metal halides precursors at room temperature. Ch‐CDs‐CsPbBr3 retains emission characteristics of the CsPbBr3 with near‐unity photoluminescence quantum yield, and meanwhile has special CPL, with a maximum luminescence dissymmetric factor (glum) of −3.1 × 10−3, which is induced by Ch‐CDs. This is the first report of chiral perovskite which is induced by other chiral nanomaterials. By anion exchange, CPL can cover almost the entire visible light band. Surprisingly, the chiral signal of Ch‐CDs‐CsPbBr3 NCs is in‐versed under excitation state, which can be induced by the charge transfers between Ch‐CDs and perovskite NCs. The combination of perovskites and Ch‐CDs pave away for the design of new chiral perovskite on multifunctional applications.
A Facile Method for Thermally, Light, and Mechanically Stable Organic Solar Cells Using Ultraviolet‐Initiated Crosslinkable Additive
Authors: Choi Yelim , Park Sang Ah , Bae Yurim , Kim Dohyun , Kim Minjun , Park Taiho
Published: November 2022

Crosslinkable additive in organic solar cells has great potential to fix metastable bulk heterojunction, supplying solutions for burn‐in loss and long‐term instability. New roles of crosslinkable additive as a solvent additive, radical scavenger, and stretchability enhancer beyond its well‐known role as a crosslinker with morphology frozen effect are reported. According to the main chain structure between Br in end groups, crosslinkable additive is divided into two types of alkyl and siloxane main chain, expecting different roles. First, the alkyl moiety molecule, 1,8‐dibromooctane (DBr‐octane), provides the effects of improved thermal and light stability without any loss in efficiency. The DBr‐octane device shows remarkable enhanced results in burn‐in‐free, maintaining 90% of its initial efficiency after 600 min at 85 °C, and light stability, maintaining 90% of its initial efficiency after 360 min under 1 SUN, in a fullerene system. Second, crosslinkable additive is treated with siloxane main chain molecule, bis(3‐bromopropyl)‐terminated poly(dimethyl siloxane) (DBr‐siloxane), in an active layer to secure stretchability. As a result, the DBr‐siloxane‐treated film stretches up to 70% and the flexible device of the fullerene system maintains an initial efficiency of over 60% after 1000 bending cycles at a bending radius of 1.8 mm.
Interfacial Charge Modulation: An Efficient Strategy for Stable Blue Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Liang Shanshan , Wang Shujie , Wu Ziho , Wen Bo , Cai Guofa , Jiang Xiaohong , Huang Guangguang , Li Chenguang , Zhao Yaolong , Du Zuliang
Published: November 2022

Quantum‐dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) are proposed as one of the most promising candidates for next‐generation displays, but their commercial application is seriously limited due to the poor performance of blue QLEDs (B‐QLEDs). Herein, this work uses Ti3C2Tx nanosheets to tune the work function (WF) of ZnMgO and to engineer the quantum dot (QD)/electron transport layer (ETL) interface. The B‐QLEDs with ZnMgO‐Ti3C2Tx hybrid ETL exhibit a maximum EQE of 15.81% and a remarkable T50 operation lifetime of 3284 h at 100 cd m−2. In addition to that, ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations both confirm that the addition of Ti3C2Tx to ZnMgO can effectively tune the ZnMgO's work function, further give rise to the reduction of QD/ETL energy barrier, which finally results in the alleviation of charge accumulation at the QD/ETL interface. The findings of interface engineering by Ti3C2Tx not only provide a promising strategy for the application of 2D materials in optoelectronic devices, but also pave the way to construct high‐performance light‐emitting diodes.
Ecofriendly Perovskites with Giant Self‐Defocusing Optical Response
Authors: Suárez Isaac , Martínez‐Pastor Juan P. , Oszajca Marek F. , Lüchinger Norman A. , Graves Brian , Agouram Said , Milián Carles , Ferrando Albert
Published: November 2022

The full optical control of light using sustainable green technologies is one of the incipient challenges of the Photonics community. There are, however, few optical materials able to provide a significant nonlinear refractive index change under small enough intensities (< 1 GW cm−2), and, more importantly, allowing the external control of the magnitude and sign of their nonlinear response. This manuscript demonstrates that Cs2SnI6 lead‐free nanocrystals (NCs) present an extraordinary self‐defocusing response not yet observed up to now in any material. Despite its complex structural form, these NCs are fully characterized here, both experimentally and theoretically, revealing a giant negative refractive change Δn = −0.05 under proper illumination conditions. The nonlinear response is tuned with the intensity, concentration of NCs in the solvent, and propagation distance leading to a crossover where the media transforms to self‐focusing with Δn = +0.002. These results can provide fascinating opportunities in sensing and light–matter interactions for a future ecofriendly photonic technology.
Sustaining capacity building and practical skills training during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Lessons from India
Authors: Owens Susan , Ahluwalia Tania , Douglass Kate , Gidwani Shweta
Published: November 2022

Background

The scale and duration of the COVID‐19 pandemic posed a threat to provide the required support needed by emergency medicine (EM) trainees in India participating in the masters in EM program, a global partnership between the Ronald Reagan Institute for Emergency Medicine at the George Washington University and 14 institutions in India. While some of this support has been filled by remote education through thrice‐weekly online video conferencing and webinars, the gap in procedural teaching posed a different challenge.

Methods

We developed a two‐part innovation to teach suture skills, a required procedure for EM trainees. The innovation consisted of a hands‐on procedure lab with the opportunity for live feedback followed by an independent competitive skill demonstration. Trainees were notified in advance of materials needed for the procedure lab to encourage attendance and participation.

Results

A total of 160 trainees attended the virtual suture skills lab; 74 trainees (46% of attendees) submitted feedback back of whom 94% were able to practice skills in real time. Written feedback was overwhelmingly positive and included requests to implement this method for other procedural skills. Twenty‐one residents participated in the Innovative Suture Challenge, with the top three submissions receiving accolades in the following grand rounds–style session.

Conclusions

The combination of virtual teaching with the opportunity for real‐time feedback and an integrated project to independently showcase skills learned is a way to continue procedural skills teaching in a remote environment. The aim of this innovation was to test the feasibility, acceptability, and level of engagement of conducting virtual, live supervised suturing remotely across multiple geographical locations. Our next step would be to gather pre and post data to measure the impact. Additionally, we believe this provides a proof‐of‐concept model to further explore sustainable, cost‐effective, and scalable models for remote procedure‐based teaching.
Aggregation in carbon dots
Authors: Ru Yi , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Lu Siyu
Published: November 2022

Carbon dots (CDs) possess outstanding luminescence properties, making them widely used in optical displays, anti‐counterfeiting systems, bioimaging, and sensors. Presently, there is much debate about the classification of CDs, as well as their formation process, structure, and fluorescence mechanisms. Aggregation plays an important role in the formation and fluorescence (e.g., aggregation‐induced emission) of CDs, yet is seldom studied in detail. This review aims fill this knowledge gap, by first exploring how aggregation leads to the formation of different types of CDs (e.g., graphene quantum dots, carbon quantum dots, and carbonized polymer dots), followed by a detailed examination of the effect of aggregation‐induced morphology on the luminescence properties and application of CDs. Finally, opportunities and challenges for the application of CDs in various applications are discussed, with the need for better mechanistic understanding of aggregation‐induced luminescence being an imperative.
Phase Covariant Channel: Quantum Speed Limit of Evolution
Authors: Baruah Riya , Paulson K. G. , Banerjee Subhashish
Published: November 2022

The quantum speed of evolution for the phase covariant map is investigated. This involves absorption, emission, and dephasing processes. The maps under various combinations of the above processes are considered to investigate the effect of phase covariant maps on quantum speed limit time. For absorption‐free phase covariant maps, combinations of dissipative and CP‐(in)divisible (non)‐Markovian dephasing noises are considered. The role of coherence‐mixedness balance on the speed limit time is checked in the presence of both vacuum and finite temperature effects. The rate at which Holevo's information changes and the action quantum speed of evolution for specific cases of the phase covariant map are also investigated.
Regular Electric Field in Electromagnetic Coupled to a Scalar Field
Authors: Mazharimousavi S. Habib
Published: November 2022

In the framework of an electromagnetic field coupled nonminimally with a scalar field in flat spacetime, the existence of a non‐singular electric field is proved for a point electric charge or electric monopole. In analogy with the Maxwell‐dilaton system introduced by Gibbons and Wells, first, a Maxwell‐anti‐dilaton system is constructed where the radial electric field of a static electric monopole is coupled to an anti‐dilaton. The field equations are solved analytically for the electric and dilaton fields and observe the nonsingular electric field. Also, the self‐energy of the electric monopole is found to be finite. Furthermore, the formalism to a Maxwell‐scalar field is generalized where a mechanism is introduced upon which the coupled regular‐electric field and scalar field is obtained. The formalism shows that for a given regular electric field there are two supersymmetric coupling functions corresponding to a scalar and a phantom field.
The Context and Core of Relational Violence in Families1*
Authors: van Lawick Justine
Published: November 2022

Few topics generate as much controversy and confusion in society, therapeutic practice, and science as violence in families, often referred to as domestic violence. There is a neverending dispute around the definition and about the statistics. Is relational violence mainly against women or are women as violent as men in intimate relationships? Outcomes from research are contradictory. When we zoom out, we can be aware that violence is everywhere and that we are part of it. At the same time, we can sense that the world is full of love. Both are part of the destructive dynamics of escalating conflicts in families that are more related to powerlessness than to power. In a therapeutic context we focus on the destructive dynamics in which the languages of perpetrator and victim are not helpful. We suggest the formulation of keystones as light posts to help us find a way to help family members to de‐escalate conflict.
Interactions of HCN with NO in pressurized oxy‐combustion
Authors: Lv Zhaomin , Rahman Zia ur , Wang Xuebin , Xiong Xiaohe , Tan Houzhang
Published: November 2022

The process of recycling flue gas to the boiler of a pressurized oxy‐combustion system could affect the final concentration of NOx, which is very important for an appropriate design of the carbon capture process. During the recycling process, HCN, as the main intermediate of the reburn reaction, may interact with NO significantly to determine the final NO emissions. The current study aims to assess the gas‐phase interactions of HCN and NO in a CO2 atmosphere, which is customary to pressurized oxy‐combustion conditions. A kinetic modeling study of the oxidation of HCN in the presence of NO has been performed under POC conditions and in the 973–1473 K temperature range. The influences of the stoichiometry, pressure, H2O concentration, and NO inlet concentration are analyzed. The results show that the HCN–NO interaction reduces both HCN and NO and that the interaction increases as pressure increases when the temperature is above 1073 K, whereas the opposite is found in low‐temperature regions. The effect of stoichiometric parameters also strongly depends on temperature but follows the opposite trend compared with the effect of pressure. These differences contribute to the suppressive effect on O2 decomposition and the positive effect on H2O decomposition at elevated pressures. An optimal temperature for NO reduction is shifted to lower temperature with increasing pressure and H2O concentration. The analysis of the total fixed nitrogen (TFN) indicates that for an actual boiler (5% O2), the temperature should be controlled at 1373, 1223, 1173, and 1173 K, respectively, as the pressure increases from 1 to 15 atm. Finally, a 21‐species and 69‐step reduced chemistry is developed and validated to accurately predict the interaction of HCN with NO at elevated pressures.
Preparation of bichar/layered double hydroxide@alginate aerogel as a highly efficient adsorbent for Cu2+ and Cd2+
Authors: Liang Qianyong , Pan Ying , Zhang Dong , Lü Ting , Zhao Hongting , Zhang Yan
Published: November 2022

Calcium cross‐linked layered double hydroxide‐bichar/alginate aerogel (LBCA) was synthesized by ultrasonic‐assisted hydrothermal and freeze‐drying method. The Mg‐Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) was successfully loaded on the bichar (BC) and the LDH‐BC was dispersed uniformly in the calcium alginate aerogel, which was confirmed by X‐Ray Diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and BET tests. The obtained LBCA was applied to remove the Cu2+ and Cd2+ in the aqueous solution. As compared with LDH nanosheets, removal rates of LBCA aerogel on Cu2+ and Cd2+ were ranged from 59% to 94% and 45% to 86%, respectively. The adsorption kinetic data accorded with the pseudo second‐order kinetic equation, and the isotherm data were in good agreement with the Langmuir model. Moreover, LBCA aerogel showed good regeneration ability, and raw materials for the fabrication of LBCA aerogel are abundant and low price.
Copper‐mediated oxidation of imidazopyrazinones inhibits marine luciferase activity
Authors: O'Sullivan Justin J. , Lee Vanessa J. , Heffern Marie C.
Published: November 2022

The development of bioluminescence‐based tools has seen steady growth in the field of chemical biology over the past few decades ranging in uses from reporter genes to assay development and targeted imaging. More recently, coelenterazine‐utilizing luciferases such as Gaussia, Renilla, and the engineered nano‐luciferases have been utilized due to their intense luminescence relative to firefly luciferin/luciferase. The emerging importance of these systems warrants investigations into the components that affect their light production. Previous work has reported that one marine luciferase, Gaussia, is potently inhibited by copper salt. The mechanism for inhibition was not elucidated but was hypothesized to occur via binding to the enzyme. In this study, we provide the first report of a group of nonhomologous marine luciferases also exhibiting marked decreases in light emission in the presence of copper (II). We investigate the mechanism of action behind this inhibition and demonstrate that the observed copper inhibition does not stem from a luciferase interaction but rather the chemical oxidation of imidazopyrazinone luciferins generating inert, dehydrated luciferins.
Clinical outcomes and cognitive impairments between progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy
Authors: Jia Peifei , Zhang Jinhong , Han Jiuyan , Ji Yong
Published: November 2022

Background

Both progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) belong to atypical parkinsonian syndromes. It is important to differentiate these diseases accurately. We compared clinical outcomes and cognitive impairments between PSP and MSA.

Methods

Eighty‐five MSA parkinsonism type (MSA‐P) patients and 76 PSP patients participated in this research. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) evaluated cognitive function.

Results

MSA‐P patients had a significantly higher incidence of dyskinesia, fall, urinary symptoms, and constipation, whereas patients with PSP had a higher incidence of tremor and salivation. MSA‐P patients had higher MMSE and MoCA scores than PSP patients. The MMSE score showed a diagnostic cut‐off score of 24.5 in PSP versus MSA‐P. The MoCA score showed a diagnostic cut‐off score of 20.5 in PSP versus MSA‐P.

Conclusion

In conclusion, patients with PSP had differences in the clinical outcomes and cognitive impairments compared with MSA‐P patients. PSP patients had more severe cognitive deficits. The score of MMSE and MoCA could be used in distinguishing MSA‐P from PSP.
Adopting blockchain technology to enhance green supply chain integration: The moderating role of organizational culture
Authors: Long Yunguang , Feng Taiwen , Fan Youqing , Liu Lijun
Published: November 2022

As a cutting‐edge technology with characteristics of transparency, traceability, decentralization, and immutability, blockchain technology (BCT) has been thought as an effective method of enhancing green supply chain integration (GSCI). However, the mechanism of how BCT affects GSCI is still blurred. Based on transaction cost theory and resource dependence theory, this research explores the mediating effect of supply chain trust in the relationship between BCT adoption and GSCI and the moderating role of organizational culture. We examine hypotheses using two waves of survey data from 317 Chinese manufacturers. The results reveal that BCT has a positive effect on supply chain trust, and supply chain trust partially mediates the impacts of BCT on three dimensions of GSCI. Moreover, a flexible‐oriented culture alleviates the impact of BCT on supply chain trust, whereas a control‐oriented culture strengthens the relationship. This research unfolds the “black box” in the BCT–GSCI relationship by exploring the mediating role of supply chain trust, and it is seldom a study that simultaneously combines information management area (BCT), operation management area (GSCI), and organizational behavior area (organizational culture) in a framework.
Factors that influence treatment decisions: A qualitative study of racially and ethnically diverse patients with low‐ and very‐low risk prostate cancer
Authors: Guan Alice , Shim Janet K. , Allen Laura , Kuo Mei‐Chin , Lau Kathie , Loya Zinnia , Brooks James D. , Carroll Peter R. , Cheng Iona , Chung Benjamin I. , DeRouen Mindy C. , Frosch Dominic L. , Golden Todd , Leppert John T. , Lichtensztajn Daphne Y. , Lu Qian , Oh Debora L. , Sieh Weiva , Wadhwa Michelle , Gomez Scarlett L. , Shariff‐Marco Salma
Published: November 2022

Background

Factors that influence prostate cancer treatment decisions are complex, multifaceted, and personal, and may vary by race/ethnicity. Although research has been published to quantify factors involved in decision‐making, these studies have been limited to primarily white, and to a lesser extent, Black patients, and quantitative studies are limited for discerning the cultural and contextual processes that shape decision‐making.

Methods

We conducted 43 semi‐structured interviews with a racially and ethnically diverse sample of patients diagnosed with low‐ and very‐low risk prostate cancer who had undergone treatment for their prostate cancer. Interviews were transcribed, independently coded, and analyzed to identify themes salient for decision‐making, with attention to sociocultural differences.

Results

We found racial and ethnic differences in three areas. First, we found differences in how socialized masculinity influenced patient's feelings about different treatment options. Second, we found that for some men, religion and spirituality alleviated anxiety associated with the active surveillance protocol. Finally, for racially and ethnically minoritized patients, we found descriptions of how historic and social experiences within the healthcare system influenced decision‐making.

Conclusions

Our study adds to the current literature by expounding on racial and ethnic differences in the multidimensional, nuanced factors related to decision‐making. Our findings suggest that factors associated with prostate cancer decision‐making can manifest differently across racial and ethnic groups, and provide some guidance for future research.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer stage at diagnosis according to race
Authors: Berrian Jennifer , Liu Ying , Ezenwajiaku Nkiruka , Moreno‐Aspitia Alvaro , Holton Sara J. , Toriola Adetunji T. , Colditz Graham A. , Housten Ashley J. , Hall Lannis , Fiala Mark A. , Ademuyiwa Foluso O.
Published: November 2022

Purpose

To determine if the COVID‐19 pandemic has further exacerbated racial disparities in late‐stage presentation of breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancers.

Methods

We conducted a registry‐based retrospective study of patients with newly reported diagnoses of breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancers between March 2019–June 2019 (pre‐COVID‐19) and March 2020–June 2020 (early‐COVID‐19). We compared the volume of new diagnoses and stage at presentation according to race between both periods.

Results

During the study period, a total of 3528 patients had newly diagnosed cancer; 3304 of which had known disease stages and were included in the formal analyses. 467 (14.1%) were Blacks, and 2743 were (83%) Whites. 1216 (36.8%) had breast, 415 (12.6%) had colorectal, 827 (25%) had lung, and 846 (25.6%) had prostate cancers, respectively. The pre‐COVID‐19 period included 2120 (64.2%), and the early‐COVID‐19 period included 1184 (35.8%), representing a proportional 44.2% decline in the volume of new cases of breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancers, p < 0.0001. Pre‐COVID‐19, 16.8% were diagnosed with metastatic disease, versus 20.4% early‐COVID‐19, representing a proportional increase of 21.4% in the numbers of new cases with metastatic disease, p = 0.01. There was a non‐significant proportional decline of 1.9% in Black patients diagnosed with non‐metastatic breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancers early‐COVID‐19 (p = 0.71) and a non‐significant proportional increase of 7% in Black patients diagnosed with metastatic disease (p = 0.71). Difference‐in‐difference analyses showed no statistically significant differences in metastatic presentation comparing Black to White patients.

Conclusion

While we identified substantial reductions in the volume of new cancer diagnoses and increases in metastatic presentations due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, the impact was similar for White and Black patients.
Share best practices, free resources to keep students safe while using rideshare apps
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: November 2022

LAS VEGAS — In March 2019, Samantha Josephson, a 21‐year‐old senior at the University of South Carolina, was murdered when she mistakenly entered a car that she believed was the Uber she'd called. The driver used childproof locks to entrap Josephson in the car before he murdered her. The murder gained national traction and attention and led to the passage of Sami's Law in New Jersey, which requires ridesharing company drivers to display two illuminated signs on their car, and have a scannable QR code, to ensure rider safety. Legislation at the federal level has been pending since 2020. (A note: The legislation is not related to the work of the #WhatsMyName foundation.)
Review recent rulings involving gender bias and Title IX
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: November 2022

An overview of the key topics faced by campus administrators with citations to noteworthy cases, statutes, regulations, and additional sources.