bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caregiver burden in haemophilia: results from a single UK centre
Authors: Khair Kate , Mackensen Sylvia Von
Published: January 2017

Haemophilia caregivers face limitations in their life leading to perceived burden. This single-centre study investigates the impact of burden on caregivers’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Methods: Questionnaires for caregivers comprised demographic data, HRQoL (EQ-5D, SF-36) and caregiver burden (IOF: Impact on Family Scale). Children were also asked about their HRQoL (EQ-5D, Haemo-QoL Short Form). Results: 20 consecutive parent/child dyads participated. 80% were mothers (mean age of 39.80±6.2 years) with 1-3 haemophilic children aged 8-17 years and 2.5±1.2 children <18 years living in the household. Mothers did most childcare (80%), 50% worked part-time, and 55% reported that haemophilia had an economic impact on their family. 80% of boys had haemophilia A; 60% were severely affected. Most received home treatment (85%) and prophylaxis (80%). Caregivers’ and boys’ HRQoL was similarly good (EQ-5Dparents M=0.90±0.1 vs. EQ-5Dchild M=0.81±0.3); by contrast, boys reported better values in the EQ-VAS (Mchild=90.25±10.0 vs. Mparents=82.16±14.8). Caregivers reported highest impairments in the dimensions ‘vitality’ (M=60.00±20.5) and ‘emotional role’ (M=70.37±42.6) of the SF-36. In the IOF, caregivers reported highest impairments in the dimension ‘negative impact’ (M=60.08±20.7). Caregivers reporting high burden had significantly worse HRQoL in the domains ‘bodily pain’ (p<.028) and ‘social functioning’ (p<0.024) of the SF-36. Caregivers who reported that haemophilia had an economic impact on their family and those with a chronic disease showed significant higher impairments in caregiver burden and their HRQoL. Conclusions: The perceived burden of haemophilia has a direct impact on caregivers’ HRQoL. Further studies with haemophilia-specific instruments are needed to verify these findings.
School-based programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents
Authors: Wareing Anne
Published: January 2017

Rates of obesity are rising in the general population. People with haemophilia are at high risk for being overweight or obese, and may benefit from physical activity-based interventions. The school setting is an ideal environment to implement physical activity-based interventions as it greatly influences the first two decades of life. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the benefits of exercise for managing haemophilia, as well as possible restriction of physical activity by parents or carers due to a fear of increasing the number of bleeding episodes. Furthermore, schools and teachers may be uncertain of how to integrate physical activity for children with bleeding disorders. This article summarises the Cochrane Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders Group systematic review on ‘school-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 and considers published literature about the role of physical activity within haemophilia.’
From siRNA to shRNA v2
Authors: Liu Vivian
Published: January 2017

This brief protocol shows you how easy it is to get shRNA from demostrated siRNA sequence. With these self-designed shRNA, I've got more than 10 genes knockdown from mammalian cell lines, including mouse embryonic stem cells. Believe it or not, using siRNA sequence from Dharmacon will guarantee you the success.
The Characteristics of Buffalo Hide as Raw Material for Gelatin Production
Authors: Mulyani Sri , Budi F.M.C. Sigit Setya , Pranoto Yudi , Santoso Umar
Published: January 2017

This study was aimed to observe the physical and chemical properties of buffalo hide as raw material for gelatin production by pretreatment using alkali-acid. Buffalo hide was observed on three sections, i.e. back (butt/croupon), abdomen (belly) and shoulder. The physical properties of the hide were analysed through the measurement of hide thickness, whereas the chemical properties were analysed by determining the proximate and amino acid composition. The qualities of gelatin (gel strength, viscosity and pH) were compared to standard commercial gelatin and Gelatin Manufactures Institute of America (GMIA). Gelatin extraction was done using a combination pretreatment alkali (0.5M NaOH) and acid (0,9M HCl). The results showed that butt section had collagen density was best compared to shoulder and belly. The thickness of butt (10.219 ± 0.318 mm) smaller than the shoulder (11.365 ± 0.389 mm), but thicker than the belly. The protein and hydroxyproline content on the butt was the highest, resulting the value 27.517 ± 0.049% and 97.330 ± 0.331 ppm, respectively. Extraction using 0.9 M hydrochloric acid produced yield 29.17 ± 2.12%. The gel strength 242.35 ± 12.90 g Bloom, viscosity 16.37 ± 1.5 cp and pH 5.15 ± 0.05. The gelatin quality meets the standards of quality of GMIA (2012) even better than commercial gelatin.
Vital stress causes long-lasting behavioral disorders and lipid metabolism deviations in female rats
Authors: Tsikunov Sergey G , Pshenichnaya Anna G , Klyueva Natalia N , Vinogradova Tatiana V , Denisenko Aleksandr D
Published: January 2017

Summary. Female rats after the vital stress caused by experience of the circumstances of the death of a partner from the actions of the predator showed long-lasting behavioral disturbances, such as decreased locomotor activity, exploratory activity, increased anxiety and aggression. Indicators of lipid metabolism of rats were altered in comparison with control at different time after exposure. These changes through two months later a single stress and right after second psychogenic trauma were characterized by reduced total cholesterol and cholesterol of high density lipoproteins in serum and increased triglycerides in the liver. The severity of behavioral disorders and deviations from the control values of indicators of lipid metabolism in female rats depended on the phases of the estrous cycle. The revealed deviations are discussed in terms of post-traumatic stress disorder.
To the noradrenergic component of the mechanisms of stress-limiting and healing effects of dalargin
Authors: Zabrodin Oleg N
Published: January 2017

The article presents the facts of the stress-limiting and healing effects of a synthetic analogue of leucine-enkefalin dalargin (D), the analysis of literature data of the modulating effects of D on the activity of sympathetic-adrenal system (SAS) in various extraordinary influences. D prevents: hyperactivity of SAS, associated development of dystrophic-destructive changes in the organs (heart, gastric mucosa, duodenum) and the exhaustion of catecholamine’s (CA) depot in the sympathetic endings. It is noted that similar protective effects against the development of neurogenic lesions in the organs (heart, gastric mucosa, liver and pancreas) have pharmacological agents with antiadrenergic component of actions (gangliolitiks and sympatholitiks, alpha - and beta-adrenoblokers). In the article mapped the healing effects of D in relation to the gastric mucosa destructions, skin incisional wounds, bone fractures with the ability of the sympathetic nervous system to stimulate reparative regeneration in various tissues (cornea. gastric mucosa, myocardium, liver, sympathetic reinnervation). It is concluded that the stress-limiting and healing effects of D have a noradrenergic component associated with modulating effect of D on the activity of SAS. In the conditions of extraordinary influences D suppresses SAS hyperactivity, keeping the reserves of CA in the sympathetic endings. In the implementation of reparative regeneration of tissues CA, and primarily sympathetic mediator noradrenalin, promote healing of damaged organs and tissues.
La educación emocional del docente y su labor: una experiencia de Aprendizaje-Servicio en la universidad y su evaluación
Authors: Carrica-Ochoa Sarah
Published: February 2017

La Universidad posee la responsabilidad de formar profesionales, lo cual significa dotar a las personas de las competencias necesarias para enfrentarse al mundo con un compromiso con la justicia social. En este trabajo se muestra una experiencia de Aprendizaje-Servicio (ApS) –y su evaluación– como una manera de colaboración, servicio y mejora de la comunidad. En primer lugar, se analiza el contexto teórico del ApS como metodología en relación con el desarrollo comunitario y la inteligencia emocional. En segundo lugar, se describe una experiencia de ApS llevada a cabo en los grados de educación de la Universidad de Navarra. El objetivo ha sido acompañar al alumnado en el análisis de la actuación socioeducativa y su capacitación para intervenir pedagógicamente en ámbitos concretos. Por último, se presenta la evaluación realizada a través de cuestionarios de satisfacción y participación; así como una escala de análisis de capacidades trabajadas, realizada al efecto. Los resultados muestran que metodologías como el ApS logran un alto grado de satisfacción, compromiso y motivación del alumnado por la tarea.
Neuroprotective effect of secretin in chronic hypoxia induced neurodegeneration in rats
Authors: Padmanaban Gowtham , Kayalvizhi M. K. , Kasiviswanathan Kalyanasundaram , Arunachalam Ruckmani , Urkavalan Vishnu Kumar
Published: January 2017

Background: Hypoxia is a condition in any stage in the delivery of oxygen to cells which include decreased partial pressures of oxygen, less diffusion of oxygen in the lungs, insufficient hemoglobin, inefficient blood flow to the end tissue, and breathing rhythm. Secretin is an amino acid which plays proper functioning of gastro intestinal system.Methods: The current study was conducted to evaluvate the effect of exogenously administrated secretin on chronic hypoxic damage of brain in rat model. Experimental design consists of control animals, Control animals + secretin hypoxia exposed animals; hypoxia exposed animals +secretin (20ng/kg.bw).Results: The results of this study point to a possible role of Secretin as neuroprotectant.Conclusions: Further research on secretin needs to be conducted in order to confirm the deductions made by this study.
A study of drug utilization pattern in post-acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients at tertiary care teaching hospital: a prospective unicentric study
Authors: Thaker Vidhi , Patel Kamlesh
Published: January 2017

Background: The main objective of drug utilization research is to assess the rationality of drug use for specific disease. Long term survival in post-ACS patients depends largely on how well post ACS period is managed. Our aim is to record drug utilization pattern in post ACS patients after discharge and during follow-up visits.Methods: Prospective unicentric study was conducted in 200 patients suffering from ACS at Cardiology OPD of GCS Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Ahmedabad. Prescriptions issued to study subjects at the time of discharge and during follow-up who had recently suffered from ACS were intercepted after consultation and data recorded as per WHO guidelines as how to investigate drug use. Data were collected in the structured proforma (Case Record Form-CRF) which includes patient’s demographic details, registration number, diagnosis and the drug prescribed. Each prescription was analyzed using WHO core prescribing indicators to evaluate the rationality of the prescriptions.Results: Out of 200, 104 (52%) suffered from unstable angina, 84(42%) suffered from STEMI and 12(6%) were suffered with NSTEMI. Male patients of 114(57%) were more prone to ACS than female patients of 86 (43%). Out of 200 patients, 193 (97%) received antiplatelet, 187 (94%) received antihypertensive, 184 (92%) received anticoagulants, 180 (90%) received lipid lowering drugs and 119 (60%) received Nitrates. As per WHO core prescribing indicators, the average number of drugs encountered per prescription was 7.96. The prescription showed a high usage of drugs from NLEM i.e. 72.20% in post-ACS patients. However the percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name was only 10.68%. The frequency of use of injectable preparations in post-ACS patients was found to be 17.84% which was in accordance with WHO reference value. Out of 17.84% injectable preparations, only 0.82% accounted for antibiotic injection.Conclusions: Although generic prescribing indicator shows a low range of usage, it is interesting to notice that prescription pattern has a high usage of drugs from NLEM (78.2%) in ACS. Thus present study provides valuable insight about the overall pattern of drugs used in post-Acute Coronary syndrome.
A questionnaire based study to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of rationale use of antibiotics among undergraduate dental students in a tertiary care dental hospital of South India
Authors: Shaik Tajuddin , Meher Bikash Ranjan
Published: January 2017

Background: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of rational use of antibiotics among dental students and make necessary interventions suitable to meet their need and aspiration.Methods: Questionnaire was administered to the students of a dental college hospital to assess their knowledge, attitude and practice about rational use of antibiotics. Data was analysed after entering in to a Microsoft excel sheet and by using descriptive statistics.Results: The response rate of our study was 100%. Large majority (94%) of the students knew that antibiotics were useful in bacterial infections. More than half of the students (63.7%) believed that antibiotic resistance is a threat to mankind. A very less percentage (23.3%) of students had ever attended (Continuous Medical Education) CME regarding the rational use of antibiotics.Conclusions: This study showed that that most of the students possessed average knowledge about antibiotics. Their attitude was also not satisfactory towards rational use of antibiotics and same was true for the practice as well. Educational intervention is utmost essential to improve their KAP regarding rational use of antibiotics.
Current evidence-based therapy does not restore plasma apelin level in phenotypically diverse chronic heart failure patients
Authors: Wilson Vinu , Prabhakar Pankaj , Seth Sandeep , Maulik Subir K.
Published: January 2017

Background: Apelin, endogenous peptide acting through its receptor (APJ), is the most potent inotropic agent known to man. Plasma apelin and cardiac APJ mRNA levels rise in early stages of chronic heart failure (CHF) but fall later in decompensated CHF. The effect of current evidence-based management of CHF on plasma apelin level is not known. We estimated change in plasma apelin level in CHF patients of diverse phenotypes treated with standard pharmacotherapy and compared it with the corresponding change in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level and quality of life (QoL).Methods: With ethical approval and written informed consent, venous blood samples were collected from 39 CHF [dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) (n=21), restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) (n=9) and chronic constrictive pericarditis (CCP) (n=9)] patients and 10 age-matched healthy controls, at baseline and after 12 weeks. Plasma apelin and BNP were estimated by competitive ELISA (RayBiotech Inc.) and an auto-analyzer (Triage, Allere Inc.), respectively. QoL was assessed using Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ). Nonparametric tests were applied and p-value <0.05 was considered significant.Results: Low LVEF, KCCQ score and high BNP levels were observed in all CHF patients compared to controls. Plasma apelin level was depressed in RCM and CCP patients compared to controls but not in DCM patients. These parameters did not change in any group after 3 months of standard pharmacotherapy.Conclusions: Current evidence-based management of CHF does not restore the depressed apelin-APJ axis. New drugs are required for specifically modulating this promising therapeutic target in CHF.
Incidence and sensitivity pattern of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Khare Anubhuti , Kothari Saroj , Misra Vaibhav
Published: January 2017

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a serious problem worldwide and differs from region to region. This study was planned to determine the incidence and sensitivity pattern of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) in our region and discuss the general issues related to antimicrobial resistance.Methods: Prospective study was carried out between March to October 2015. Samples of urine, blood, pus, CSF and miscellaneous samples (fluids, swabs, sputum and stool) were collected from indoor and outdoor patients for isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility of K. pneumoniae, E. coli and P. aeruginosa in the Department of Microbiology G.R. Medical College, Gwalior (MP).Results: Out of the 5000 samples analyzed 1684 showed growth. K. pneumoniae (38.50%), E. coli (33.29%) and P. aeruginosa (28.19%) constituited a total of 805 isolates. Both E.coli and K. pneumoniae showed highest sensitivity for doxycycline (75%; 67% resp.) and second highest for levofloxacin (70%; 64% resp.), whereas, P. aeruginosa showed highest 57% sensitivity for amikacin followed by 48% for levofloxacin. β-lactam antibiotics and aminoglycosides showed high mean resistance (K.pneumoniae-83%, E.coli-79%, P. aeruginosa-86.4%) and (K. pneumoniae-75%, E. coli-61%, P. aeruginosa-70%) resp.Conclusions: The data indicates high resistance among the gram-negative bacteria for β-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics. Increasing resistance to doxycycline and flouroquinolones for K. pneumoniae and E. coli and multidrug resistance to P. aeruginosa is a cause of concern in this region. Thus, there is a need to stop misuse of antibiotics with immediate effect and to implement a strong antimicrobial stewardship program.
A study of drug utilization trends in acute coronary syndrome in intensive cardiac care unit at a tertiary care hospital, Mysore
Authors: Lakshmi Saranya Kalyanasundarram , Gowda Hema Narasimhe , Sadananda Kanchanahalli Siddegowda
Published: January 2017

Background: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is an emergency condition where usage of many drugs during its management in ICCU is common. This could be a potential cause for Polypharmacy, Potential Drug-Drug Interactions and increased Cost Burden on patients. The objective of the study was WHO criteria for prescription like, 1) Average number of drugs per prescription, 2) Percentage of drugs prescribed by Generic name, 3) Percentage of drugs with Injections prescribed, 4) Percentage of prescriptions with Antibiotics and 5) Percentage of drugs prescribed from the WHO Essential Drugs List.Methods: After obtaining approval from Institutional Ethics Committee, an observational study was carried out among 125 patients in a tertiary care hospital, Mysore. Patients diagnosed with ACS admitted in Intensive Cardiac Care Unit (ICCU) for initial 48 hrs were included in the study. The prescriptions were analyzed for WHO criteria for prescription. The results were analyzed using Descriptive Statistics and T- test.Results: In our present study the most common diagnoses were found to be ACS- Anterior wall myocardial infarction (36.8%) and ACS-Inferior wall myocardial infarction (32.8%). Hypertension (35.2%) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (29.6%) were the frequently associated co-morbid conditions. Antiplatelet drugs (100%) and Hypolipidemic drugs (100%) were the most commonly prescribed, followed by Anti coagulants (94.4%). The average number of drugs per prescription was 9.09±2.17. Percentage of drugs prescribed by generic names was 37.29%. The percentage of drugs prescribed from essential drug list was 50.84%.Conclusions: The present study provides valuable insight about the overall pattern of drugs used in Acute Coronary syndrome. Physician should be encouraged to prescribe drugs with generic name.
Association between serum sodium levels and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in patients with depression
Authors: S. Rajiv , Nandimath Meena K.
Published: January 2017

Background: Hyponatremia is known to occur in patients on antidepressants. It is prevalent in approximately 2.5% of general hospital inpatient population, but can approach 11% among elderly patients. Relying only on symptoms for detecting hyponatremia may lead to under-diagnosing of hyponatremia; therefore, routine and frequent testing for serum sodium level is recommended, especially for older patients. This study is done to analyse the association between serum sodium levels and SSRIs in patients with depression.Methods: A Prospective, Interventional study in the in-patient and out-patient department of Psychiatry Department was conducted for 3 months (August 2105 to October 2015). A total of 100 patients, aged over 18 years, diagnosed of depression, on SSRIs were analysed. Changes in serum sodium levels were observed at baseline and Week 4 of starting SSRI.Results: A total of 100 patients were analyzed. 8 patients had serum sodium ≤130mmol-1, out of which 5 were females (62.5%) and 3 were males (37.5%). Prevalence of hyponatremia was more pronounced in patients aged >60 years (100%), on Fluoxetine or Sertraline. Patients between15 to 45 years of age did not experience any clinically significant hyponatremia at the fourth week after the therapy.Conclusions: Our study indicates that users of SSRIs in elderly age group have a higher risk of developing hyponatremia. Clinicians evaluating elderly patients taking SSRIs are encouraged to monitor serum sodium if the patient presents with vague, nonspecific symptoms commonly associated with older age or depression to rule-out SIADH.
Effectiveness and safety of lactulose retention enema in cirrhotic patients with grade 3 or grade 4 hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Madan Kaushal , Sharma Praveen , Saraf Neeraj , Choudhari Sanjay , Roy Dyotona Sen
Published: January 2017

Background: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a complex, reversible neuropsychiatric syndrome. The present study evaluated the clinical effectiveness and safety of lactulose retention enema for the treatment of Grade 3 or 4 HE (West Haven Criteria, WHC) in Indian patients.Methods: This retrospective, open-label, uncontrolled cohort study was conducted at three study centers in India. Patients of either gender (18-65 years) admitted to the hospital with liver cirrhosis having Grade 3 or 4 HE were included. The primary endpoint was to evaluate complete reversal of Grade 3 and 4 HE after 24 h and 48h. The secondary endpoints were grade shift at 24 and 48 h before and after administration of lactulose enema, time to complete reversal of Grade 3 or 4 HE, and mortality. Safety was also evaluated.Results: Overall, retrospective records of 50 patients were evaluated. Complete reversal of Grade 3 or 4 HE was observed in a statistically significant (p<0.0001) proportion (95% confidence interval) of patients at 24 h (n=40, 80% [66. 3%-90.0%]) and 48 h (n=45, 90% [78. 2%-96.7%]) after treatment. After 24 h of treatment, majority of the patients were noted with Grade 2 (78%) HE. Further improvement was noted after 48 h of treatment with majority of the patients having Grade 2 (40%) and Grade 1 (48%) HE. Mean (SD) time for complete reversal of Grade 3 or 4 HE was 25.39±8.85 h after treatment. All death cases observed (n=6, 12.0%) were assessed as unrelated to the treatment by the investigator, but rather related to the underlying disease and/or precipitating factors. Four non-serious adverse drug reactions in two patients and one rectal device-associated complication in one patient were noted during the patient record reviews.Conclusions: Lactulose retention enema was clinically effective and resulted in complete reversal of Grade 3 or 4 HE in the majority of patients. It was overall well-tolerated.
Pharmacoeconomic study of antipsychotic drugs in India
Authors: Prasad S. Nagaraja , H. Vedavathi
Published: January 2017

Background: Schizophrenia is a disorder of relatively high point prevalence, low incidence and high disability. It accounts for nearly 1.5-3% of total national expenditure on health care. There is a gross variation in the cost of various branded and generic versions of antipsychotics available in India. This can lead to decreased patient compliance. The present study was undertaken to highlight this variation in the cost of various preparations of antipsychotics (branded and generic) available in India.Methods: Cost ratio and Percentage variation in cost of various antipsychotics available were calculated by standard formulae and analysed.Results: There is a very high variation in the cost of various antipsychotics available in India. The highest variation in cost ratio was seen with risperidone 2mg, 3mg and olanzapine 10mg, while the highest percentage cost variation was seen with risperidone 3mg, 4mg, 1mg; olanzapine 2.5mg, 5mg, 50mg, 100mg; levosulpiride 25mg and chlorpromazine 20mg. The lowest percentage cost variation was seen with Flupenthixol 3mg and Amisulpiride 300mg.Conclusions: There is a definite need to further strengthen the Drug Price Regulatory Mechanisms with regard to antipsychotics available in India in order to improve the patient compliance and thus cure rates of this burdensome and costly illness.
Pharmacokinetics, tissue residues and efficacy of D-Tylo50/25® (tylosin-doxycycline combination) in broiler chickens
Authors: Aboubakr Mohamed , Elbadawy Mohamed
Published: January 2017

Background: Pharmacokinetic study of a commercial tylosin-doxycycline combination product (D-Tylo50/25®) was conducted in broiler chickens following intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) administration at doses of 50 mg/kgb. wt. (tylosin) and 25 mg/kg b. wt. (doxycycline).Methods: Serum drug concentrations were determined by a validated high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using UV detection.Results: A rapid and nearly complete absorption of both drugs with a mean PO bioavailability of 89.16% (tylosin) and 94.30% (doxycycline), prolonged elimination half-lives, and high tissue penetration with steady state volume of distribution of 6.73L/kg (tylosin) and 5.51L/kg (doxycycline) were observed. Tissue residues were studied following oral administration of each drug alone for fiveconsecutive days and blood and tissue samples were obtained for 10 days after the last dose. Residues of tylosin and doxycyclines showed that kidney, liver and lung contained highest drug residues and completely disappeared from those tissues at 5 and 6 days after the last oral dose, respectively. The efficacies of D-Tylo50/25® and other antibiotics (tiamulin and oxytetracyline) were investigated in broiler chicks experimentally infected by Mycoplasma gallisepticum.Conclusions: The pharmacokinetics of both drugs was characterized by a rapid and complete absorption, extensive tissue distribution and slow elimination. D-Tylo50/25® is more effective than tiamulin and oxytetracycline against Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in broilers.
Tramadol and its combination with piroxicam in post-cesarean pain management: a comparative study
Authors: Ambika Banapura , K. R. Mamatha , P. Prabha
Published: January 2017

Background: Cesarean delivery is a major surgical procedure, requiring high quality pain relief to facilitate early ambulation, infant care and prevention of post-operative morbidity. There is no gold standard for post-cesarean pain management.Methods: Cases were randomly assigned to 2 groups of 30 cases each. One group received Tramadol 100mg and another, Tramadol 100mg+ Piroxicam 20mg. Injections were given intramuscularly, postoperatively after skin closure. Diclofenac 75mg was the rescue analgesia. Primary outcome measure was control of pain, assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes were sedation and time to rescue analgesia. Safety of the drugs was assessed by adverse drug reactions. Data was analysed by student’s t test, analysis of variance and post-hoc test.Results: Multimodal group showed better analgesia compared to unimodal group (p<0001). Drowsiness was the main adverse effect in both treatment groups.Conclusions: Multimodal analgesic combination of tramadol and piroxicam showed superior analgesic effect with better pain control and longer duration of action compared to tramadol alone.
Comparative study of hyperbaric 0.5% bupivacaine and hyperbaric 0.5% bupivacaine with low dose dexmedetomidine in spinal anaesthesia
Authors: Kamat Shriganesh D. , Puram Nitin N. , Dhumal Prakash R. , Agrawal Pushpa I. , Ramanand Jaiprakash B. , Bhosale Rama R.
Published: January 2017

Background: Spinal anaesthesia remains one of the basic techniques in the arsenal of modern anaesthesiology despite the waxing and waning of its popularity over last 100 years since its introduction into clinical practice.It avoids biochemical and metabolic changes consequent to the stress of general anesthesia for surgery as well as provides near optimal conditions for surgery. In present study, we tried to study effectiveness of intrathecal 0.5% heavy bupivacaine alone with Dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to intrathecal 0.5% heavy bupivacaine for lower limb and lower abdominal surgeries.Methods: The present study was conducted in the department of anaesthesiology from December 2011 to September 2013.This study was a prospective, randomised controlled, single blind, study conducted in 100 patients of ASA grade I and II undergoing elective surgeries under spinal anaesthesia. The patients were divided randomly into two groups, containing 50 patients in each group. Dosages of drugs selected are divided as Group B: Patients received 3 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine (15mg) and Group BD: Patients received 3 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine (15mg) plus 10 µg Dexmedetomidine. Spinal block characteristics, Mean arterial pressure, Mean pulse rate, sedation and side effects were studied during intra-operative and postoperative period.Results: It was found from present study that in Dexmedetomidine group time to reach T10 sensory blockade and complete motor blockade was earlier and a higher level of sensory blockade compared to control group achieved. Duration of sensory, motor blockade and duration of analgesia was significantly prolonged in the Dexmedetomidine group compared to the control group. Hemodynamic parameters were preserved both intra-operatively and postoperatively. However there were a small percentage of patients who developed hypotension and bradycardia which were easily managed without any untoward effect. Hence Dexmedetomidine is a better neuraxial adjuvant for providing early onset of sensory and motor blockade, prolonged sensory blockade and post operative analgesia and adequate sedation.Conclusions: Intrathecal low dose Dexmedetomidine in a dose of 10µg along with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine is an addition into anaesthesiologist's armamentarium for spinal anaesthesia in patients undergoing elective lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries.
Interaction of two memory enhancing herbal drugs memory plus and mentat with morphine and imipramine in mice
Authors: Gupta Neera R. , Patel Varsha J.
Published: January 2017

Background: The non-medical self-administration of memory enhancing drugs is a common practice. Present study was designed to evaluate interactions of two such herbal drugs- Memory plus (MP) and Mentat, with other central nervous system active drugs.Methods: Two activities-analgesic activity and antidepressant activity were performed using adult albino mice of both sexes weighing 25-30g to observe the interactions of the herbal drugs with morphine and imipramine respectively. For each activity animals were divided into seven groups of six mice each. Group-I was control group receiving 0.2ml of 1% Tween 80 ip/ 0.2 ml saline p.o, Group II, III and IV acute treatment groups; received single dose of herbal (2mg/kg ip MP or 200mg/kg po Mentat) CNS active drugs alone in subeffective doses. Group II received morphine 2mg/kg ip, group III imipramine 2mg/kg ip and group IV-received MP/Mentat+ morphine or imipramine respectively. Groups V, VI and VII were subchronic treatment groups, received drugs once daily for eight days in same dose as acute treatment groups II, III and IV respectively. Analgesic activity was measured as prolongation of reaction time by hot plate method and antidepressant activity by reduction in despair time using Porsolt’s forced swimming test.Results: When administered for 8 days, both MP and Mentat potentiated the effect of morphine preventing the development of tolerance to analgesic effect (P< 0.05). However the antidepressant effect of imipramine was not modified by any in subchronic treatment groups.Conclusions: Two herbal memory enhancing preparations Memory plus and Mentat potentiate analgesic effect of morphine but not the antidepressant action of imipramine in mice.
The effect of student centered pharmacology teaching in the form of clinical case scenario among M.B.B.S students
Authors: Britto G. Francis , Subash K. R.
Published: January 2017

Background: Pharmacology teaching by conventional method is by didactic lectures and practical sessions. To cultivate interest and motivate students towards self directed learning, the best tool in teaching learning methodology available is case based learning. Aims and objective of the study was to analyze the effectiveness and acceptance of case based learning (CBL) of pharmacology among M.B.B.S Students.Methods: The second year M.B.B.S Students of the academic year 2014 and 2015 were enrolled in the study. Clinical case scenario was formulated as modules based on the common clinical cases which the student observe and encounter in clinical postings in wards. The students were divided in to four groups, 30 in each group with one facilitator. Each module of case based learning was evaluated with pre test and post test. The student perception was recorded by a five point likert scale feedback questionnaire at the end of the study.Results: The post test scores in all modules revealed significant improvement in student’s performance by CBL method when compared using “paired t test”. Majority of the students preferred more CBL sessions for rest of the academic year.Conclusions: Students centred pharmacology teaching by CBL method creates self-directed learning environment to explore more for better understanding and application of the theoretical knowledge gained towards clinical practice.
Otogenic brain abscess and its management with review of literature
Authors: Melkundi Sateesh , Melkundi Renuka S.
Published: January 2017

Background: Proper management of chronic otitis media may reduce the incidence of otogenic brain abscess. The objective of this study is to present our experience in the management of otogenic brain abscess by neurosurgical and otolaryngological surgery simultaneously.

Methods: It is a retrospective study conducted between 2006-2015. 20 patients with otogenic brain abscess were admitted to neurosurgery and ENT wards for management were included in the study. On admissions patients had ENT, neurosurgery and neurological examinations. All the patients underwent neurosurgery followed by mastoidectomy. Repeat CT scanning/ MRI scanning done after 1 week to check for the success of the surgery and discharged on the 10th day after suture removal. Patients were followed up for 1-2 years.  

Results: The study included sixteen males and four females. Their age ranged between 4-32 years with mean of 18 years. Their chief complaints were severe headache, vomiting and fever with unilateral and or bilateral foul smelling discharge. Brain and HRCT temporal bone CT scanning showed equal incidence of abscess on the sides with 8 cerebellar, 6 temporal, 5 tempero parietal and 1 fronto parietal abscess. After completion of surgery, eighteen patients improved and two patents expired due to septic shock.

Conclusions: This is technically more feasible technique with an added advantage of single anaesthesia, short stay of patient in the hospital and early disease clearance in the same procedure.
Роль соблюдения приоритетов в развитии предпринимательского потенциала регионов
Authors: Доронина Ирина Эдуардовна
Published: January 2017

В статье описывается роль малого и среднего предпринимательства на различных уровнях управления, в том числе на мезо- и микроуровнях. Приводится роль малых и средних предпринимательских структур в условиях нестабильности макроэкономики. Сформулированы основные, наиболее типичные препятствия для развития субъектов малого и среднего предпринимательства в России. Определены приоритеты в развитии предпринимательства на микроуровне. Предлагаются инструменты, обеспечивающие устойчивое развитие предпринимательства и баланс интересов общества и государства с использованием программно-целевого метода, систематизированы оперативные цели по достижению такого баланса. Определены факторы, тормозящие инновационное развитие малого и среднего предпринимательства в России. Рассмотрен ряд региональных программ поддержки малого и среднего бизнеса.
Интернационализация малого бизнеса
Authors: Хантаева Т.А. , Сагинова Ольга Витальевна
Published: January 2017

В статье анализируются мотивы, цели и формы интернационализации малых и средних предприятий. Рассматриваются определения интернационализации и этапы этого процесса, применительно к разным видам малых и средних предприятий.
Культура предпринимательства: источники формирования
Authors: Дюметц Жером , Сизова Юлия Сергеевна
Published: January 2017

В статье обсуждаются факторы, влияющие на формирование культуры предпринимательства, и источники ее формирования, включая национальную и организационную культуру. Авторы показывают влияние национальных особенностей восприятия и корпоративных установок на формирование ценностных ориентиров предпринимательства в конкретных условиях экономической среды.
Проблемы предпринимательства в социальной сфере на примере пригородных железнодорожных перевозок
Authors: Соболев Дмитрий Юрьевич
Published: January 2017

Статья посвящена актуальным проблемам предпринимательства в социальной сфере на примере пригородных пассажирских перевозок железнодорожным транспортом. Рассматриваются вопросы развития конкуренции пригородного комплекса в условиях реформирования отрасли. Особое внимание уделено убыточности пригородных перевозок и существующим проблемам, связанным с монопольным положением компаний. Предложены мероприятия, реализация которых будет способствовать повышению эффективности пассажирских перевозок в пригородном сообщении.
Некоммерческая предпринимательская и логистическая деятельность в реализации экологических проектов
Authors: Степанов Владимир Иванович , Рыкалин Андрей
Published: January 2017

В статье исследованы понятия и содержание коммерческой и некоммерческой предпринимательской и логистической деятельности, выявлены объекты некоммерческого предпринимательства и логистики, сформулировано понятие некоммерческой логистики, проведена классификация прикладных экологических проектов, представлен логистический инструментарий, используемый в реализации некоммерческих прикладных экологических проектов.
Государственное предпринимательство в автомобилестроении
Authors: Сагинов Юрий Леонидович , Завьялов Дмитрий Вадимович
Published: January 2017

В работе рассмотрена роль государства в развитии отечественного автомобилестроения. Необходимость создания условий для стабилизации автомобильной промышленности и при этом недостаточная эффективность различных форм государственной поддержки автомобильной промышленности требует поиска новых решений. Таким решением для развития российской экономики и автомобилестроения, в том числе, является использование государственно-частного партнерства и дальнейшее развитие кластерных инициатив в этом секторе экономики.
Использование государственно-частного партнерства в образовании
Authors: Мельников Михаил Сергеевич
Published: January 2017

В статье рассматриваются механизмы государственно-частного партнерства в образовании, возможный эффект от государственно-частного взаимодействия и раскрываются основные направления взаимодействия государства, бизнеса и системы образования. Автор приводит виды контрактов, посредством которых реализуются механизмы ГЧП в образовании.
Современные тенденции развития логистики
Authors: Пустохина Ирина Валерьевна
Published: January 2017

В основе написания статьи лежит произошедший в последнее время импульс в развитии беспроводных технологий. В статье освещаются такие современные тренды, как омниканальная модель сбыта, концепция Интернет вещей, 3D-печать и уберизация. Отмечается, что все современные тенденции развития логистики связаны с появлением и интенсивным развитием цифровых технологий, которые способствуют удовлетворению растущих потребностей потребителей. Рассматриваются примеры современных тенденций. Подчеркивается, что современные цифровые технологии приведут к трансформации цепей поставок, и компании с традиционными подходами и технологиями в управлении логистикой не смогут оставаться конкурентоспособными.
Предпринимательский подход к оценке экономической эффективности деятельности региональных логистических кластеров
Authors: Рыкалина Ольга Владимировна , Шарова Ирина Владимирована
Published: January 2017

В статье рассматриваются вопросы предпринимательского подхода к оценке экономической эффективности функционирования региональных логистических кластеров с позиции экономии материальных, трудовых и финансовых ресурсов. Выявлены источники экономии – эффект масштаба логистических услуг, производственная мощность кластера, специализация логистических бизнес-процессов, аутсорсинг, лизинг. По каждому из источников принимаются решения, использующие инструментарий предпринимательства, позволяющего реализовать их с максимальной эффективностью.
Агентное моделирование как новый взгляд на деятельность предприятия
Authors: Ценина Екатерина Владимировна
Published: January 2017

В статье рассмотрен новый метод исследования сложных и динамических систем – агентное моделирование. Представлены преимущества его использования по сравнению с традиционными методами имитационного моделирования, выявлены основные этапы процедуры агентного моделирования, приведены примеры использования данного подхода для анализа деятельности бизнес организаций.
Проектное обучение студентов на основе заказов малых и средних предпринимательских структур
Authors: Сагинова Ольга Витальевна , Гришина Ольга Алексеевна , Штыхно Дмитрий Александрович
Published: January 2017

В статье рассматриваются проблемы и перспективы сотрудничества вузов с предпринимательскими структурами, обосновывается необходимость включения в число партнеров вуза предприятий малого и среднего бизнеса и описывается опыт использования описания реальных проблем этих предприятий в системе проектного обучения студентов.
Система высшего образования как ресурс развития предпринимательской среды
Authors: Авилкина Светлана Викторовна , Леонтьева Лидия Сергеевна
Published: January 2017

Исследованы проблемы создания малых инновационных предприятий в системе высшего образования в целях коммерциализации результатов интеллектуальной деятельности, принадлежащих вузам. Проведен анализ мнений исследователей о результатах применения Федерального Закона от 2 августа 2009 года №217-ФЗ. Выявлены расходы за 2014 – 2016 годы на реализацию Подпрограммы «Развитие профессионального образования» государственной программы РФ «Развитие образования на 2013-2020 годы». Сопоставлены объемы расходов на научные исследования среди главных распорядителей бюджетных средств федерального бюджета. На основе статистических данных о деятельности организаций в федеральных округах РФ, количестве вузов, малых предприятий, академических МИПов и проведенного корреляционного анализа доказана зависимость между этими параметрами и обосновано влияние системы высшего образования на развитие малого предпринимательства. Представленные результаты исследования могут быть использованы экономистами, предпринимателями, исследователями в области менеджмента и проектного управления.
Развитие семейного предпринимательства как синергии предпринимательских компетенций
Authors: Волков Дмитрий Анатольевич , Ильин Андрей Борисович
Published: January 2017

В данной статье отражены разработанные авторами комплексы предпринимательских компетенций для потенциальных преемников семейных предпринимательских организаций в различных сферах деятельности, масштабах и типах организаций семейного бизнеса, предложена система организационных связей между семейными предприятиями и образовательными учреждениями по подготовке семейных команд, что позволяет обеспечить прирост интеллектуального капитала и инновационное развитие семейного бизнеса.
Предпринимательство в спорте или как формируется конкурентоспособность спортивных организаций
Authors: Орлова Любовь Николаевна , Остроухов Сергей Алексеевич
Published: January 2017

Современная экономика способствует развитию предпринимательства в сфере физической куль¬туры и спорта, росту числа собственников физкультурных и спортивных организаций, увеличению многообразия их организационно-правовых форм, расширению спектра и улучшению качества предоставляемых населению физкультурно-спортивных услуг.
Целью представленного исследования является обоснование того, что деятельность спортивных организаций подчиняется объективным законам предпринимательской среды, а конкурентоспособность спортивных организаций детерминирована степенью использования экономического потенциала. Основу исследования составляют существующие фундаментальные концепции и подходы как зарубежных, так и отечественных исследователей по проблемам развития предпринимательства, концепции формирования конкурентоспособности предпринимательских структур, управления развитием спортивных организаций.
Результатом проведенного исследования стало формирования ключевых детерминант конкурентоспособности предпринимательских спортивных организаций за счет использования возможностей развития внешней и внутренней среды.
The Role of Resource Mobilization Theory in Social Movement
Authors: Golhasani Akbar , Hosseinirad Abbas
Published: January 2017

Resource mobilization is the process of getting resource from resource provider, using different mechanisms to implement the organization‘s work for achieving the pre- determined organizational goals. It deals in acquiring the needed resources in a timely cost effective manner. Resource mobilization advocates upon having the right type of resource, at the right time, at right price with making right use of acquired resources thus ensuring optimum utilization of the same.