bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VARIABILITY OF COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF MELISSA OFFICINALIS L. ESSENTIAL OIL DEPENDING ON THE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE REGION OF CULTIVATION
Authors: Nevkrytaya Natal'ya Vladimirovna , Pashtetskiy Vladimir Stepanovich , Novikov Ilya Aleksandrovich , Korotkikh Irina Nikolaevna , Tkhaganov Ruslan Ramazanovich
Published: March 2020

The aim of the research was to detect the dependence of content and component composition of Melissa officinalis L. essential oil from climatic peculiarities of the region of cultivation and to specify the optimum conditions for growing high-quality raw materials. We presented the results of the comparative assessment of essential oil component composition (three main elements) obtained from air-dried raw materials of two cultivars Krymchanka and Lada. These Melissa officinalis L. cultivars were grown in three regions that sharply differed in weather conditions. To make the comparison accurate, we determined the component composition of essential oil in the Laboratory of Biochemistry at FSBSI “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea” using gas chromatograph Kristall 5000.2. The most favorable climatic conditions for essential oil accumulation were in the Foothill zone of the Crimea (moderate rainfalls combined with high air temperatures). Cultivar Krymchanka exceeded cultivar Lada by the amount of essential oil in raw materials. Excess sometimes reached 170%. Dependence of the main components such as citral, β-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, germacrene D from the ratio of temperature and precipitation was revealed. After obtaining research results, we could suggest that by controlling the conditions of cultivation of M. officinalis, it is possible to adjust the ratio of the components of essential oil.
RESEARCH OF MECHANICAL ACTIVATION OF TECHNICAL HYDROLYSIS LIGNIN AS A COMPONENT OF FUEL BRIQUET
Authors: Aleksandrov Aleksandr Vasil'yevich , Afanasova Anastasiya Valer'yevna , Rudenko Anatoliy Pavlovich
Published: March 2020

The results of studies of changes in the fractional composition, calorific value and structure of lignin as a component of the fuel briquette as a result of mechanical activation based on the interpretation  of experimental research data are given in the article. Criteria for mechanical activation are proposed. To identify the joint effect of mechanical activation time and the proportion of technical in the composition of the briquette, the experiment planning method was applied. As a result of data processing, a regression equation was obtained for predicting the calorific value of briquettes from the lignin content and the time of its mechanical activation, and its adequacy was proved. The developed methods and criteria for evaluating the results of thermogravimetric studies allow us to predict the efficiency of mechanical activation and the calorific value of technical hydrolysis lignin as a component of fuel briquette. At the same time, by varying the compositional composition and technological parameters of briquetting, it is possible to predict the production of fuel briquettes of required quality from wood waste.
ABNORMAL RHEOLOGY OF AGAR-AGAR SOLUTIONS PREPARED USING WATER EXPOSED TO AN ELECTRO-MAGNETIC FIELD
Authors: Markin Vadim Ivanovich , Shipunov Boris Pavlovich
Published: March 2020

The paper presents the results of a study of the rheological properties of agar-agar solutions prepared using water exposed to an electromagnetic field with a frequency of 30 to 170 MHz. The studies were carried out at three temperatures: 25, 35, 45 °С, the concentration varied from 0.1 to 0.7%, and the shear rate varied in the range of 100–1000 s-1. As a result of the study, a distinct influence of the electromagnetic field was found, and the quantitative response depends on the shear rate, solution concentration, temperature and frequency of the electromagnetic field. In the vast majority of cases, a decrease in the viscosity of solutions is observed as a result of exposure to an electromagnetic field. There is practically no quantitative correlation of viscosity changes with frequency. There is a complex picture of the mutual influence of the solution concentration, the frequency of the electromagnetic field, temperature and shear rate when measuring viscosity. The temperature dependence of viscosity for solutions subjected to and not exposed to an electromagnetic field is multidirectional in nature and substantially depends on both the concentration of the solution, the frequency of the electromagnetic field, and the shear rate at which measurements were taken.
An explanation of the observed dependencies is proposed, which is based on the two-component agar-agar solutions, which leads to individualization of the changes in the rheological properties determined by agarose and agaropectin, respectively.
Interlíngua e interferência da língua materna em textos de estudantes de espanhol de uma escola em Porto Velho/RO
Authors: Rosas da Silva Ariane , Lovera de Florentino Nádia Nelziza
Published: March 2020

Este trabalho tem como base a análise das transferências da língua materna em textos de estudantes de espanhol. Foram analisadas dez redações por meio do método de análise contrastiva, no qual buscamos uma explicação para ocorrência dos erros de transferências e interlíngua encontrados. Como suporte teórico apoiamo-nos em: Adja Balbino de Amorim Barbieri Durão (2004), Adja Balbino de Amorim Barbieri Durão (2007), Ingmar (2007), Otávio Goes Andrade (2011). Buscou-se com esta pesquisa tentar evidenciar os problemas para se atingir uma escrita mais próxima do espanhol, apartando-se, no máximo possível, da influência do português na escrita do aluno. Por fim, o trabalho pretende constituir-se como subsídio teórico e prático a fim de auxiliar os discentes e docentes no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de Espanhol como língua estrangeira.
breve revisão da gramaticografia hispânica
Authors: Araujo Leandro Silveira de , Silva Freitas Fernanda
Published: March 2020

Neste trabalho, consultamos algumas gramáticas de língua espanhola a fim de levantar dados textuais e extratextuais que caracterizam a gramaticografia hispânica. Os dados analisados foram coletados em sites de acervo de universidades brasileiras e estrangeiras. Esses dados foram tratados considerando fatores como: ano de publicação, local de publicação, origem geográfica do autor, finalidade etc. Entre outros, verificamos que a Espanha responde pela maior parte das obras publicadas ao longo dos séculos. Foi observado também que o século XX concentra o maior número de obras publicadas. Destacamos a importância desse tipo de abordagem para compreender melhor as mudanças ocorridas na gramaticografia hispânica, bem como alguns dos fatores que suscitam essas modificações
Descripción de la abertura y del cierre de los sonidos vocálicos [e] y [o] en la pronunciación de estudiantes potiguares y cearenses de Letras español
Authors: De Farias Maria Solange
Published: March 2020

Los objetivos de este estudio son analizar y describir los errores relacionados con la abertura y el alzamiento de [e] y de [o] en la interlengua de graduandos potiguares y cearenses de español. Es una investigación descriptiva/explicativa de estudio de caso en el que se han utilizado como instrumentos de recogida de datos pruebas de lectura y habla semilibre aplicadas a veinticuatro aprendices. Los errores relacionados con la abertura y el alzamiento de [e] y de [o] más presentes en la interlengua oral de los referidos estudiantes son la abertura de [e] y de [o] y  el alzamiento de [e] y de [o]. Estos errores se fosilizaron y algunos no impiden la comunicación pero otros la dificultan.
Tipología para fines pedagógicos de los verbos locativos del español
Authors: Rodrigues Roana
Published: March 2020

Las construcciones verbales locativas son las que establecen una relación de ubicación entre los elementos en el interior de una frase simple. En este artículo, se describe el funcionamiento sintáctico-semántico de las construcciones locativas de la lengua española, en que el elemento locativo no es un simple complemento circunstancial, sino hace parte de la valencia del verbo (argumental locativo). Partiéndose de la clasificación de 318 construcciones verbales locativas del español, se propone una nueva tipología verbal, la cual considera el contexto de enseñanza y aprendizaje del fenómeno. Las 318 construcciones fueron redistribuidas en dos grandes clases formales: verbos locativos preposicionales (VLP) y verbos locativos transitivos directos (VLTD). Además, basado en sus principales propiedades semánticas, se estableció la siguiente organización categórica de verbos: prototípicos, restrictivos y denominales -y la mención a las construcciones fóricas. Los términos fueron creados en esta investigación, teniendo como principal objetivo la sistematización de los datos con propósitos pedagógicos, para la enseñanza del español como lengua materna y/o lengua extranjera. Las discusiones y tipologías propuestas contribuyen con la identificación del papel de esas construcciones en los estudios descriptivos de las lenguas naturales.
Telicidade e determinantes plurais indefinidos no espanhol da Espanha
Authors: Da Silva Gomes Jean Carlos , Leitão Martins Adriana
Published: March 2020

A telicidade é uma noção aspectual semântica entendida como o ponto final inerente e linguisticamente marcado de uma situação. Segundo Moure (1990), a presença de determinantes como “el/un” direciona a uma leitura télica da sentença, enquanto a ausência de determinantes direciona a uma leitura atélica. No entanto, não se sabe a qual leitura os determinantes plurais podem levar. Determinantes plurais como “unos/algunos” podem ser interpretados como um tipo de determinante plural indefinido, que é o foco deste trabalho. De acordo com De Miguel (1999), esses determinantes direcionam a uma leitura atélica da sentença, ao passo que, segundo Rothstein (2008), eles direcionam a uma leitura télica. No espanhol, uma das formas de evidenciar o valor aspectual de telicidade é por meio de uma partícula conhecida como se télico. Investigou-se, neste trabalho, a compatibilidade dessa partícula aspectual com verbos cujos complementos são introduzidos por determinantes plurais indefinidos na variedade do espanhol da Espanha conhecida como castelhano setentrional peninsular. Os resultados indicaram que essa combinação é possível. Dessa forma, discutiu-se que a presença desse tipo de determinante direciona a uma leitura télica da sentença e que essa combinação sugere que o valor aspectual télico de uma sentença não depende da presença de uma medida precisa para a delimitação do complemento.
As modalidades deôntica e volitiva e a implicatura de futuridade em tebeos de língua espanhola
Authors: Lopes Maria de Fátima Sousa , Oliveira André Silva
Published: March 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em descrever e analisar a implicatura de futuridade por meio das modalidades deôntica e volitiva em tebeos de língua espanhola, de divulgação online. Com base na tipologia das modalidades de Hengeveld (2004) e na Gramática Discursivo-Funcional (GDF) de Hengeveld e Mackenzie (2008). Para composição do córpus, selecionamos dez tebeos relativos a dois personagens do mundo hispânico, Mafalda e Gaturro, divididos de forma equânime e que continham modais deônticos e volitivos. Verificamos que as modalidades deôntica e volitiva expressam a implicatura de futuridade a partir de eventos posteriores ao momento da enunciação e sobre os quais incidem os valores modais de desejo, intenção e obrigação. Nesse sentido, a noção de futuridade está imbricada a partir dos pontos de vista do falante no que diz respeito ao seu entendimento daquilo que é ou não regra e convenção social de conduta obrigatória, podendo ser ou não controlados, o que atenua ou assevera a deonticidade e a volitividade expressas. Dessa forma, os modais deônticos e volitivos, empregados na expressão de futuridade, correspondem a uma orientação semântico-pragmática que está relacionada à codificação dos conteúdos e intenções do falante, com base no seu conhecimento das regras de conduta e/ou daquilo que ele aprecia como sendo desejável para si e/ou para os demais.
partícula incluso en construcciones introducidas por incluso si bajo la perspectiva discursivo-funcional
Authors: Ribeiro Fante Bárbara , Storti Garcia Talita
Published: March 2020

Este artigo analisa, segundo a perspectiva da Gramática Discursivo-Funcional, a partícula incluso em orações introduzidas por incluso si no espanhol peninsular escrito sob a hipótese de que assinala ênfase, o que permitiria concebê-la como independente da conjunção si. Para König (1985), Flamenco García (1999) e Rodríguez Rosique (2012) as construções introduzidas por incluso si são híbridas, porque misturam características de sentenças condicionais e de concessivas. Neste estudo, no entanto, rejeitamos esse hibridismo porque entendemos que incluso pode enfatizar uma oração condicional. O universo da pesquisa é o banco de dados CREA (Corpus de Referencia del Español Actual), que possui textos de diversas origens, tanto na língua falada quanto na escrita. Os resultados mostram que as orações introduzidas por incluso si se estabelecem em diferentes níveis e camadas, desempenhando função retórica Concessão e função semântica Condição, respectivamente. Nos dois casos, incluso tem estatuto de operador de ênfase e o que muda é o seu escopo, que não necessariamente acompanha a conjunção si.
Altitudinal runoff assessment under variable lapse rates of temperature in the Hindu Kush, Karakorum and Himalaya ranges of Pakistan
Authors: Ashraf Arshad
Published: March 2020

Snow and glaciers form a major source of fresh water for sustenance of millions of people in the Hindu Kush, Karakoram and Himalaya (HKH) region. The meltwater supplies are highly vulnerable to changing climate which may affect irrigated agriculture, livelihoods and natural ecosystems in the region. In the present study, a correlation between ice-melt runoff, glacier area and mean temperature was developed and applied to assess glacier-melt runoff using lapse rates of temperature (LRT) in 10 river basins of the HKH ranges of Pakistan. The LRT of ablation period was determined about –0.39°C/100 m in the Hindu Kush, –0.67°C/100 m in the Karakoram and –0.59°C/100 m in the Himalayas. Maximum ice-melt runoff was estimated from 4500–5000 m in seven basins, whereas it was maximum from 5000–5500 m elevation range in two basins. In Jhelum basin, the runoff was found maximum from 4000–4500 m elevation range. Overall, about 28.3% of the glacier-melt appears to generate from 5000–5500 m and 27.8% from 4500–5000 m elevation range in all three HKH ranges. However, thorough glacio-hydrological studies are essential in context of possible changes in climate and land use for effective water resource management in this region in future.
KBPearl
Authors: Lin Xueling , Li Haoyang , Xin Hao , Li Zijian , Chen Lei
Published: March 2020

Nowadays, most openly available knowledge bases (KBs) are incomplete, since they are not synchronized with the emerging facts happening in the real world. Therefore, knowledge base population (KBP) from external data sources, which extracts knowledge from unstructured text to populate KBs, becomes a vital task. Recent research proposes two types of solutions that partially address this problem, but the performance of these solutions is limited. The first solution, dynamic KB construction from unstructured text, requires specifications of which predicates are of interest to the KB, which needs preliminary setups and is not suitable for an in-time population scenario. The second solution, Open Information Extraction (Open IE) from unstructured text, has limitations in producing facts that can be directly linked to the target KB without redundancy and ambiguity. In this paper, we present an end-to-end system, KBPearl, for KBP, which takes an incomplete KB and a large corpus of text as input, to (1) organize the noisy extraction from Open IE into canonicalized facts; and (2) populate the KB by joint entity and relation linking, utilizing the context knowledge of the facts and the side information inferred from the source text. We demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of KBPearl against the state-of-the-art techniques, through extensive experiments on real-world datasets.
Compression of uncertain trajectories in road networks
Authors: Li Tianyi , Huang Ruikai , Chen Lu , Jensen Christian S. , Pedersen Torben Bach
Published: March 2020

Massive volumes of uncertain trajectory data are being generated by GPS devices. Due to the limitations of GPS data, these trajectories are generally uncertain. This state of affairs renders it is attractive to be able to compress uncertain trajectories and to be able to query the trajectories efficiently without the need for (full) decompression. Unlike existing studies that target accurate trajectories, we propose a framework that accommodates uncertain trajectories in road networks. To address the large cardinality of instances of a single uncertain trajectory, we exploit the similarity between uncertain trajectory instances and provide a referential representation. First, we propose a reference selection algorithm based on the notion of Fine-grained Jaccard Distance to efficiently select trajectory instances as references. Then we provide referential representations of the different types of information contained in trajectories to achieve high compression ratios. In particular, a new compression scheme for temporal information is presented to take into account variations in sample intervals. Finally, we propose an index and develop filtering techniques to support efficient queries over compressed uncertain trajectories. Extensive experiments with real-life datasets offer insight into the properties of the framework and suggest that it is capable of outperforming the existing state-of-the-art method in terms of both compression ratio and efficiency.
Vertical Jump on a Force Plate for Assessing Muscle Strength and Power in Women With Severe Obesity: Reliability, Validity, and Relations With Body Composition
Authors: Bellicha Alice , Giroux Caroline , Ciangura Cécile , Menoux Diane , Thoumie Philippe , Oppert Jean-Michel , Portero Pierre
Published: March 2020

Bellicha, A, Giroux, C, Ciangura, C, Menoux, D, Thoumie, P, Oppert, J-M, and Portero, P. Vertical jump on a force plate for assessing muscle strength and power in women with severe obesity: reliability, validity, and relations with body composition. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 75–81, 2022—Muscle strength and power, particularly when assessed during multijoint movements such as vertical jump (VJ), are important predictors of health status and physical function. Vertical jump is mainly used in athletes, also in untrained or older adults, but has not yet been used in subjects with obesity. We aimed to assess the following in this population: (a) the reliability of VJ parameters, (b) their validity compared with isokinetic testing, and (c) their relations with body composition. In 20 women with severe obesity (mean [SD] age: 41.1 [11.6] years; body mass index: 43.9 [4.4] kg·m−2) without severe orthopedic disorders, VJ parameters, knee extension torque, and body composition were assessed using a force plate, an isokinetic dynamometer, and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, respectively. Excellent reliability was found for absolute peak power and peak force in VJ (intraclass correlation coefficient [95% confidence interval]: 0.95 [0.88–0.98] and 0.90 [0.77–0.96], respectively), and moderate to good validity of peak power and peak force compared with isokinetic torque (r = 0.79 and r = 0.67, respectively; all p < 0.01). Positive relations were found between peak force and peak power during VJ and lean body mass (r = 0.89 and r = 0.60, respectively; p < 0.01) and a negative relation was found between peak velocity or VJ height and fat mass (r = −0.65 and −0.64, respectively; p < 0.01). These results suggest that VJ on a force plate is a reliable and valid test for assessing muscle strength and power in severely obese subjects. Vertical jump testing is easy to implement, which can facilitate its use in both research and clinical testing in this setting (ClinicalTrials.govID: NCT03325764).
Ice Hockey-Specific Repeated Shuttle Sprint Test Performed on Ice Should Not Be Replaced by Off-Ice Testing
Authors: Legerlotz Kirsten , Kittelmann Jonas , Dietzel Marco , Wolfarth Bernd , Böhlke Nikolai
Published: March 2020

Legerlotz, K, Kittelmann, J, Dietzel, M, Wolfarth, B, and Böhlke, N. Ice hockey-specific repeated shuttle sprint test performed on ice should not be replaced by off-ice testing. J Strength Cond Res 36(4): 1071–1076, 2022—Although the importance of sport-specific testing has been stated in various studies, the application of standard tests that are little related to the requirements in competition is still widespread in performance diagnostics. Furthermore, the actual exercise mode in testing often deviates from the exercise mode in competition. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate how the performance in an ice hockey mimicking repeated sprint shuttle test conducted off-ice (RSS) differs from the on-ice performance (RISS). The two performance tests were completed by 21 male junior ice hockey players within one week. Anaerobic fatigue was significantly larger in RISS and did not correlate with RSS, whereas best run, mean run, total run time, turn and fly time, and total times in all three shifts correlated moderately. Although the best and mean run times did not differ, these times were achieved with different strategies depending on the test condition, indicated by significantly different split times. Aerobic fatigue in shift 3 was the only parameter where the off-ice measurement correlated strongly with the on-ice measurement. Our results imply that an off-ice test does not predict on-ice performance with sufficient precision, strongly advocating performance testing in the exercise mode used in competition.
Relationship Between Mechanical Effectiveness in Sprint Running and Force-Velocity Characteristics of a Countermovement Jump in Australian Rules Football Athletes
Authors: Morris Corey G. , Weber Jason A. , Netto Kevin J.
Published: March 2020

Morris, CG, Weber, JA, and Netto, KJ. Relationship between mechanical effectiveness in sprint running and force-velocity characteristics of a countermovement jump in Australian rules football athletes. J Strength Cond Res 36(3): e59–e65, 2022—This study evaluated the mechanical determinants of 40-m sprint performance in elite Australian Rules Football (ARF) athletes and identified variables of countermovement jumps (CMJs) that related to the sprint. Fourteen elite male ARF athletes (age = 22.7 ± 3.6 years; height = 1.88 ± 0.08 m; mass = 88.2 ± 9.38 kg) completed two 40-m sprints and 3 CMJs. Sprint mechanics were calculated using inverse dynamic methods from sprint times, anthropometric and spatiotemporal data, whereas CMJ variables were obtained from in-ground force plates. Associations between sprint mechanics, sprint performance, and CMJ variables were identified using Pearson's correlation coefficient. A p-value of <0.036 was considered statistically significant for all analyses after performing Bonferroni correction adjustment. Relative peak running power was significantly correlated (p < 0.036, r = −0.781 to −0.983) with sprint split times across all distances (5–40 m). Relative maximum horizontal force significantly correlated with acceleration performance (0–20 m, p < 0.036, r = −0.887 to −0.989). Maximum running velocity was significantly correlated (p < 0.036, r = −0.714 to −0.970) with sprint times across 20–40 m. Relative peak force in the CMJ was significantly associated (p < 0.036, r = −0.589 to −0.630) with sprint kinetics (power and horizontal force) and 5–20-m sprint times. Jump height and concentric time in the CMJ were significantly (p < 0.036) correlated with sprint time at 20 m (r = −0.550 and r = 0.546), respectively. These results indicate emphasis should be placed on training protocols that improve relative peak power, particularly in time-constrained environments such as team sports, focusing on maximal force production or maximal running velocity ability. Furthermore, associations between CMJ variables and sprint performance provide practitioners with an approach to assess sprint performance in-season, monitor training adaptations and further individualize training interventions, without requiring maximal sprint testing.
Relationships Between Punch Impact Force and Upper- and Lower-Body Muscular Strength and Power in Highly Trained Amateur Boxers
Authors: Dunn Emily C. , Humberstone Clare E. , Franchini Emerson , Iredale K. Fiona , Blazevich Anthony J.
Published: March 2020

Dunn, EC, Humberstone, CE, Franchini, E, Iredale, KF, and Blazevich, AJ. Relationships between punch impact force and upper- and lower-body muscular strength and power in highly trained amateur boxers. J Strength Cond Res 36(4): 1019–1025, 2022—This study examined the relationship between upper- and lower-body strength and power characteristics and punch performance in 28 highly trained male amateur boxers. Punch performance was assessed with a custom-built punch integrator using a 3-minute maximal effort punch test that contained straight- and bent-arm punches from the lead and rear hands. Peak punch force and force-time variables including impulse and rate of force development (RFD; calculated to various points) were assessed. Force, power, and RFD of the upper and lower body were assessed with countermovement bench throw, isometric bench push, countermovement jump (CMJ), and isometric midthigh pull (IMTP) tests. Correlation and regression analyses revealed significant (p < 0.05) relationships between peak punch force and forces measured in CMJ and IMTP tests. In addition, peak punch force was moderately and significantly correlated to body mass, but RFD in the lower body was not. Moreover, no meaningful relationships between punch performance characteristics and any upper-body strength or power parameter were identified. The results of this study show that lower-body strength but not RFD had a moderate to strong positive and significant correlation to peak punch force production. Although upper-body strength and power are expected to be important in boxing, they did not discriminate between boxers who punched with higher or lower peak force nor were they correlated to peak punch force. Training that improves lower-body strength without increasing total body mass (to maintain weight category) may positively influence punch capacity in highly trained amateur boxers.
Prolonged diagnostic delay in acromegaly is associated with increased morbidity and mortality
Authors: Esposito Daniela , Ragnarsson Oskar , Johannsson Gudmundur , Olsson Daniel S
Published: March 2020

Context

Clinical features of acromegaly develop insidiously. Its diagnosis may therefore be delayed.

Objective

Our aim was to study diagnostic delay and its impact on morbidity and mortality in a nationwide cohort of patients with acromegaly.

Design

Adult patients diagnosed with acromegaly between 2001 and 2013 were identified in the Swedish National Patient Registry. Diagnostic codes for predefined comorbidities associated with acromegaly were recorded between 1987 and 2013. Diagnostic delay was calculated as the time between the first registered comorbidity and the diagnosis of acromegaly.

Results

A total of 603 patients (280 men, 323 women) with acromegaly were included. Mean (s.d.) diagnostic delay was 5.5 (6.2) years (median (minimum, maximum) 3.3 (0.0–25.9)) Diagnostic delay was 1–<5 years in 23% patients; 5–<10 years in 17%; and ≥10 years in 24%. No delay was recorded in 36% of patients. Overall, mean (s.d.) number of comorbidities was 4.1 (2.5) and was higher in patients with longer diagnostic delay (P < 0.0001). Overall, observed number of deaths was 61 (expected 42.2), resulting in a standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of 1.45 (95% CI: 1.11–1.86). Increased mortality was only found in patients with the longest diagnostic delay (1.76, 95% CI: 1.12–2.65). In the other groups, no statistically significant increase in mortality was recorded, with the numerically lowest SMR observed in patients without diagnostic delay (1.18; 95% CI: 0.68–1.92).

Conclusions

The diagnosis of acromegaly is delayed in most patients. Prolonged diagnostic delay is associated with increased morbidity and mortality.
Tunable Transcriptional Interference at the Endogenous Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene Locus in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Jorgensen Victoria , Chen Jingxun , Vander Wende Helen , Harris Devon E , McCarthy Alicia , Breznak Shane , Wong-Deyrup Siu Wah , Chen Yuzhang , Rangan Prashanth , Brar Gloria Ann , Sawyer Eric M , Chan Leon Y , Ünal Elçin
Published: March 2020

Neighboring sequences of a gene can influence its expression. In the phenomenon known as transcriptional interference, transcription at one region in the genome can repress transcription at a nearby region in cis. Transcriptional interference occurs at a number of eukaryotic loci, including the alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) gene in Drosophila melanogaster. Adh is regulated by two promoters, which are distinct in their developmental timing of activation. It has been shown using transgene insertion that when the promoter distal from the Adh start codon is deleted, transcription from the proximal promoter becomes de-regulated. As a result, the Adh proximal promoter, which is normally active only during the early larval stages, becomes abnormally activated in adults. Whether this type of regulation occurs in the endogenous Adh context, however, remains unclear. Here, we employed the CRISPR/Cas9 system to edit the endogenous Adh locus and found that removal of the distal promoter also resulted in the untimely expression of the proximal promoter-driven mRNA isoform in adults, albeit at lower levels than previously reported. Importantly, transcription from the distal promoter was sufficient to repress proximal transcription in larvae, and the degree of this repression was dependent on the degree of distal promoter activity. Finally, upregulation of the distal Adh transcript led to the enrichment of histone 3 lysine 36 trimethylation over the Adh proximal promoter. We conclude that the endogenous Adh locus is developmentally regulated by transcriptional interference in a tunable manner.
A Review of Fault Detection and Diagnosis Methodologies for Air-Handling Units
Authors: F. Guarino  , V. Filomena  , L. Maffei  , S. Sibilio  , A. Rosato
Published: March 2020

HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning) systems for space heating, space cooling and ventilation of buildings consume nearly 40% of the world energy demand and present the least expensive opportunities for reducing the greenhouse gases emission. Fault Detection and Diagnosis (FDD) methods could monitor the operation of various processes and/or components allowing to detect and, if possible, even predict the presence of defects (deviations from normal or expected operation) as well as ideally identify (diagnose) the fault and/or its location, giving instructions for undertaking corrective actions. FDD techniques could be successfully used for managing the predictive maintenance and/or optimizing the energy/economic/environmental performance of HVAC units while assuring the comfort of occupants. This paper examines the current state of the art of the research on the development and implementation of FDD systems when applied to Air-Handling Units (AHUs), the main and most important device of HVAC systems. This paper describes the existing methodologies, approaches and tools for the utilization of FDD techniques, summarizes the most important findings available in current literature in reference to several case studies where FDD systems have been applied with reference to AHUs and indicates the main gaps to be further investigated.
Finite Element Analysis of Creep Crack Initiation in Functionally Graded Materials with Crack Parallel to the Gradient
Authors: Huan Sheng Lai  , Chunmei Bai  , Kang Lin Liu
Published: March 2020

With the advances in material synthesis technologies, functionally graded materials (FGMs) are developed to use in high temperature structurals due to the excellent high temperature mechanical properties. To facilitate wide use of FGMs in high temperature structures, finite element method (FEM) was used in this paper to investigate effects of creep resistant properties gradients on creep crack initiation (CCI) in FGMs, with crack parallel to the gradient. Results indicated that when creep resistant properties increased in the crack growth direction, CCI was retarded by creep properties gradients. However, CCI was accelerated by creep properties gradients when creep resistant properties decreased in the crack growth direction. CCI position occurred in the two symmetric slanted planes of the initial crack, regardless of the gradient variation of creep resistant properties.
An Optimization Study of Lipid Extraction from Chlorella minutissima for Biodiesel Production
Authors: Anıl Tevfik Kocer  , Benan İnan  , Didem Özcimen
Published: March 2020

Nowadays, researches on microalgal biodiesel production are focused on to improve the process efficiency and reduce the operational costs. One of the most expensive steps in microalgal biodiesel production is lipid extraction of microalgae. In this study, C. minutissima microalgae was produced in photobioreactor, and then solvent extraction of microalgal lipids were investigated. Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to study the effect of extraction temperature, solvent/biomass ratio and residence time of solvent on the oil yield and to optimize lipid extraction. The maximum extraction yield was found to be 75% under the conditions of at the temperature of 70°C, 30:1 solvent/biomass ratio and 8 h. This study showed that the most effective parameter on extraction yield was temperature among three parameters. The results showed that optimized process conditions improved the extraction yield and it is a cost-effective way to produce biodiesel efficiently.
Propriedades Psicométricas de uma Medida de Abuso Psicológico na Parceira
Authors: Paiva Tamyres Tomaz , Cavalcanti Jaqueline Gomes , Lima Kaline Da Silva
Published: March 2020

O abuso psicológico é caracterizado pela degradação e pelo controle do parceiro que levam ao desrespeito entre eles.Objetivou-se reunir evidências de validade da Escala de Abuso Psicológico na Parceira (EAP-P) em mulheres brasileiras. O estudo foi dividido em dois. Do Estudo 1, participaram 303 mulheres e realizaram-se análise fatorial exploratória e consistência interna. Os achados corroboraram para uma estrutura bifatorial: estratégias diretas do abuso psicológico e estratégias indiretas do abuso psicológico, com alfas iguais a .92 e .89, respectivamente. Do Estudo 2, participaram 380 mulheres, com a realização de análise confirmatória, e avaliaram-se os parâmetros dos itens mediante a Teoria deResposta ao Item (TRI). Os resultados apontaram que o modelo bifactor apresentou melhores índices de ajuste, além de bons índices de confiabilidade composta de .90 e variância média extraída (.51 e .50), e indicaram, através da TRI, boa capacidade de avaliar a porção central do contínuo de abuso psicológico. A eap-p se apresentou como um instrumento válido e consistente para detectar e medir a violência psicológica em mulheres.
Leading components of ethnic mentality in Mari verbal charms
Authors: Glukhova Natalia N.
Published: March 2020

Introduction. The relevance of the article is determined by the need for a systematic description of the national-cultural characteristics of individual peoples (in particular, Mari) and fixing the composition of the identified ethno-differentiating components of mentality, which demonstrate the identity of ethnic cultures. The article presents new data on the systemic nature of the Mari mentality, which core is a subsystem of images, symbols and values, summarizing the results of the mental functions of perception and thinking, reflected in folklore texts and are actively used in the daily life of Mari society.
Materials and Methods. 600 conspiracy-spell texts, extracted from various sources, are considered in the framework of system theory using a combination of linguistic, traditional folkloristic approaches and quantitative methods. The algorithm for studying ethnic mentality, shown in the article, makes it possible to use the theoretical basis and methodological base in the study of the texts of other folklore genres belonging to other cultures.
Results and Discussion. As a result of the work, a description of some national and cultural characteristics of the Mari ethnos is presented. It contributes to the preservation and enhancement of the traditional spiritual and moral values of Russian society.
Conclusion. The research novelty, relevance and significance of this work are determined by the set of tasks, which results in new data on the systemic nature and components of the Mari national mentality obtained using the innovative methodology of the interdisciplinary approach applied to the study of unique folklore texts. Academic and applied significance lies in the development of a methodological base, the choice of which can be considered as a certain contribution to the creation of methods for studying ethnic mentality on the basis of folklore texts.
Lingual Focal Hyperplastic Lesion in a Pediatric Patient: Report of an Unusual Case
Authors: Herrera B. Denisse A. , Flores V. Joselin , Tejeda N. Francisco J. , Fierro S. Victor , Pozos G. Amaury J. , Garrocho R. Arturo
Published: March 2020

Focal fibrous hyperplasia (FFH) is an oral mucosal localized non-neoplastic enlargement representing a reaction to chronic local irritations or injuries. The purpose of this report is to describe the management of an asymptomatic fibrotic lesion located in the tongue, in a preschooler boy. A 7-year-6-month old boy attended our clinic for the evaluation of an exophytic pedunculated tumor-like round mass located in the dorsal surface of the tongue. Based on the initial examination and the natural history of the lesion, the presumptive clinical diagnosis determined an irritation FFH. The lesion was surgically excised with a diode laser device, and the postoperative period evolution occurred without any complication. The appropriate treatment of FFH in children initially consists of the removal of local irritant factors. Excellent oral hygiene maintenance and close follow-up care are strongly suggested. Surgical excision is the most frequent modality for persistent lesions. Early diagnosis and proper management of FFH can reduce the risk of future recurrences or complications.
Endophytic fungi associated with roots of epiphytic orchids in two Andean forests in Southern Ecuador and their role in germination
Authors: Salazar Jazmin M. , Pomavilla Marisol , Pollard Anne T. , Chica Eduardo J. , Peña Denisse F.
Published: March 2020

Orchids are known to establish complex relationships with endophytic fungi throughout their life cycle, and particularly during germination of their reserves-deprived seeds. Characterizing generalist or specialist interactions between orchids and associated fungi is key to supporting orchid conservation efforts. Here, endophytic fungi associated with roots of epiphytic orchids were studied in two montane Andean forests in Southern Ecuador. Orchid root samples were collected from ten ~500 m2 plots distributed between two neighboring forests. Endophytic fungi associated with these roots were then isolated, cultured, and identified by sequencing of rDNA markers. In total, 52 pure isolates were recovered from the roots of 10 orchid species. These isolates were classified into nine taxonomic groups except for one isolate that remained unclassified. Most fungal isolates were found in roots of up to two different orchid species; however, Coprinellus radians was found in the roots of all sampled orchids. The potential of C. radians to promote germination of orchid seeds was tested in a separate assay using seeds from two orchid species different than those found in the experimental forest plots. Of the two C. radians isolates tested, one improved germination in the two orchids evaluated to a level about half of that observed in seeds germinated in nutrient-rich medium (Phytamax) and above the null germination observed in plates without the fungus. Together, these results revealed a generalist relationship between C. radians and all the studied epiphytic orchids and the potential role of this fungus as a promoter of orchid seed germination.

Key Words: Agaricales, Epidendrum, symbiotic germination
FIRST STEPS TO COMPUTER LITERACY
Authors: Bennett Ruth L.
Published: March 2020

To modify a popular adage, familiarity breeds confidence. Almost all schools now have some computers; computers are helping to teach science, math, and other subjects; programs* are fast becoming available for foreignlanguage instruction; young people are enthusiastic about operating computers; therefore, language teachers need to learn how to make use of these machines in order to profit from the built-in-motivation they afford.
THREE MAJOR APPROACHES TO DEVELOPING COMPUTER-ASSISTED LANGUAGE LEARNING MATERIALS FOR MICROCOMPUTERS
Authors: Wyatt David H.
Published: March 2020

Whenever a new project to produce computer-assisted learning materials is begun, one of the most fundamental decisions concerns the selection of an approach to program development. There is a choice between at least three major approaches: using a general purpose programming language, an educational programming language, or an educational authoring system. There are considerable differences in factors such as programming expertise and development time required by the three approaches. Perhaps the most dramatic example of this is the fact that the third approach demands no programming expertise whatever. It is therefore important to be aware of the alternatives in order to make an informed choice of the most suitable approach for each materials development project.
CAN COMPUTERS TEACH?
Authors: Higgins John
Published: March 2020

This article look at two mental models of the teacher, magister and pedagogue, and suggests that we may, with conventional drill-and-practice CALL, be assigning the wrong role to the computer. Several programs are described to demonstrate what the computer can do in a non-magisterial role.
DEVELOPING LARGE CAI PACKAGES
Authors: Reed Mary Jac M. , Smith Lynn H.
Published: March 2020

The Office of Computer Based Instruction (OCBI) at the University of Delaware employs a systems approach to developing single computer assisted instructional (CAI) lessons. A content expert, a CAI designer, and a programmer work together to develop, review, and revise computer-based materials. An expanded systems approach is recommended when developing large CAI courseware packages. Much attentive planning to the overall package design is suggested before actual lesson development is begun.
RECOGNITION OF STUDENT INPUT IN COMPUTER-ASSISTED LANGUAGE LEARNING
Authors: Chapelle Carol , Jamieson Joan
Published: March 2020

Computerized instruction has captured the interest of many educators as a means of individualizing language study for their students. The quality of this individualization is maximally dependent on the degree to which a computer can understand what the student communicates to it usually by typing a message on the keyboard. This article provides an overview of this student communication, or input: its types, its recognition, and some uses of its recognition. A general understanding of the potential of student-computer interaction will enlighten those who are examining Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) lessons for use in their curriculum. Some of this potential has been realized in the numerous foreign language lessons currently in use on the PLATO IV system at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
LANGUAGE LEARNING TECHNOLOGY AND ALTERNATIVEs FOR PUBLIC EDUCATION
Authors: Jarvis Stan
Published: March 2020

Mr. Stan Jarvis was the keynote speaker for the CALICO-sponsored ACE Symposium held in Baltimore, Maryland, January 22-27. He delivered his address on Tuesday morning, 24 February, in the opening general session of the Symposium.
COMPUTERS IN THE HIGH SCHOOL NEWSROOM
Authors: Schwindt Alice
Published: March 2020

Computers in the High School Newsroom is an article explaining the benefits a computer has brought to Cocoa Beach High's newsmagazine production. It relates the school's decision to purchase a computer, the fun of computerizing an operation that had barely crept out of the manual-typewriter phase, and the undying loyalty the staff has developed toward their newest staff member—the computer.
COMPUTER-BASED FOREIGN LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION IN ILLINOIS SCHOOLS
Authors: Blomeyer, Jr. Robert L.
Published: March 2020

The information contained in this report is based on findings made during an ongoing piece of educational research entitled Computer-based Foreign Language Instruction in the State of Illinois.
New properties of the generalized Dini function
Authors: ANALOUEİ ADEGANİ Ebrahim , BULBOACA Teodor
Published: March 2020

In this work we study some properties of the normalized form of generalized Dini function like close-to-convexity of some order and close-to-convex with respect to another convex function. Furthermore, we investigate sufficient conditions which these functions are uniformly $k$-starlike functions of complex order $b$ in the open unit disk, and some consequences of the main results are also presented.****************************************************************************************************************************
Development of Surgical Scrubbing, Gowning and Gloving Checklist using the Delphi Method
Authors: Canton Stephen , Foley Christine , Donnellan Nicole
Published: March 2020

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Background Competency in surgical scrubbing, gowning and gloving (scrubbing-in) procedures is necessary to participate in surgery, but difficult for trainees to learn due to the fast pace of the operating room and limited availability of experts to provide training. Current methods of scrubbing-in procedures are antiquated. Simulation-based education aligns with the paradigm shift occurring in medical education as we transition from passive models. This study utilized the Delphi technique to identify necessary items to include in a scrubbing-in checklist that can be used in future simulation and assessment tools.MethodsSurgeon experts participated in three rounds of a Delphi process. The panel consisted of surgical specialty residents, fellows and attending surgeons from gynecology, urology, general surgery, plastic, orthopedic and neurosurgery.ResultsFrom January 2018 to September 2018, 39 experts from 6 different surgical subspecialties participated in three Delphi survey rounds. Of the 43 items identified during the first round, 30 (70%) resulted with an importance rating > 4.0. During the final round, a consensus of > 85% was reached for 22 total items (73%).ConclusionWe developed a 22-step checklist for scrubbing-in procedures utilizing the Delphi technique. This checklist will enhance undergraduate medical education simulation curriculums and assessments.