bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FORTIFIKASI FE MINUMAN SUSU FERMENTASI KULIT BUAH NAGA MERAH (Hylocereus polyrhizus) MENINGKATKAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN DAN STATUS GIZI REMAJA PUTRI ANEMIA
Authors: Gunawan Delima Citra Dewi , Dewi Devillya Puspita , Astriana Kuntari
Published: June 2021

Background: Adolescent girls are particularly susceptible to iron deficiency anemia. Iron fortification is easier to accept than supplementation. Probiotics and prebiotics can increase mineral absorption and optimize nutrient absorption and have been shown to improve iron status and reduce anemia. Objectives: To determine effect of Fe fortification on Fermented Milk of Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel on hemoglobin levels and nutritional status in anemic adolescent girlsMethods: This study was a randomized controlled trial with a pre and post test design with a total of 40 anemic adolescent girls. Subjects were divided into 2 groups, namely control group and treatment group. Treatment group was given a fermented red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel milk with iron fortification of 100 ml/day for 3 weeks. Blood sampling to determine hemoglobin levels and measurement of nutritional status before and after intervention.Results: Based on the results of statistical tests, there was no difference average on treatment group and control group hemoglobin levels before intervention with p-value=0.355. There was a difference average on treatment and control groups hemoglobin levels after intervention (p-value =0.000). There was a difference average on hemoglobin levels before and after treatment in the treatment group (p<0.001) but not in the control group (p-value=0.777). There was a difference average on treatment and control groups nutritional status both before and after intervention (p-value = 0.018 and p-value = 0.006). There was a difference average of nutritional status before and after intervention on treatment group (p<0.001), but not in control group (p-value = 0.165).Conclusion: Fe Fortification on Fermented Milk of Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Peel can increase Hb levels and nutritional status in treatment group but not in control group
Penggunaan Instagram Sebagai Sarana Pemasaran: Studi Kasus Taman Baca Masyarakat Kolong Ciputat
Authors: Roikanah Umi , Rachman Margareta Aulia
Published: June 2021

Instagram tidak hanya digunakan masyarakat untuk berbagi foto dan video, melainkan juga untuk bisnis, pemasaran bahkan promosi perpustakaan. TBM Kolong Ciputat menggunakan Instagram sejak Januari 2017 dan per-September 2019 telah membagikan 829 posts foto dan video, telah mengikuti 1.258 akun, dan telah memiliki pengikut sebanyak 2.734 akun. Akun @tbmkolong aktif membagikan berbagai konten seperti kegiatan yang akan atau sudah berlangsung di TBM Kolong Ciputat. Untuk itu, penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan penggunaan Instagram di TBM Kolong Ciputat. Penelitian ini merupakan kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara terhadap pengurus TBM Kolong Ciputat, pengunjung TBM Kolong Ciputat dan pengikut di akun Instagram @tbmkolong. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan Instagram sebagai pemasaran untuk sosialisasi, promosi, dan menyebarkan informasi mengenai kegiatan-kegiatan yang dilaksanakan oleh TBM Kolong Ciputat untuk masyarakat luas. Instagram @tbmkolong sudah menerapkan bauran pemasaran 4P (Product, Price, Place, Promotion).  Namun demikian, penggunaan Instagram ternyata tidak terlihat bermanfaat bagi warga sekitar khususnya anak-anak dan warga sekitar TBM karena warga sekitar dan anak-anak tidak memiliki akses pada internet dan mereka bukan pengguna Instagram.  Instagram hanya bermanfaat bagi TBM Kolong Ciputat sebagai media komunikasi dan eksistensi bagi pihak luar.
Peran Pengelolaan Dokumen Kepemilikan Aset Berbasis ISO 9001: 2015 Terhadap Upaya Revitalisasi Jalur Kereta Api di Indonesia
Authors: Rakhmawati Rina , Ichwan Ichwan , Wahyuni Elya Riska Dwi
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan pengelolaan dokumen aset kereta api yang didasarkan pada ISO 9001: 2015 tentang Sistem Jaminan Mutu dalam mendukung program revitalisasi beberapa jalur kereta api di Indonesia. Dalam proses revitalisasi jalur kereta tentunya dibutuhkan dokumen sebagai acuan utama. Dokumen aset yang digunakan dalam kegiatan revitalisasi jalur kereta api adalah dokumen yang berupa gambar teknik, dokumen aset kepemilikan, dan kartografi. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa data primer, yang diperoleh dari observasi partisipasi pada tahun 2019, in-depth interview, dan pengkajian terhadap dokumen kegiatan pengelolaan dokumen aset. Data sekunder diperoleh dari kajian pustaka berupa buku, perundang-undangan, artikel ilmiah, maupun literatur yang digali dari sumber internet. Data-data tersebut diolah dengan analisis triangulasi data. Manfaat dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendeskripsikan pengelolaan dokumen berbasis ISO, serta menganalisis dampak model pengelolaan dokumen tersebut terhadap program revitalisasi jalur kereta api di Indonesia. Adapun kesimpulan yang diperoleh yaitu pengelolaan dokumen aset dengan basis ISO 9001: 2015 memiliki peran penting mendukung program revitalisasi jalur kereta api di Indonesia. Hal ini disebabkan dalam merevitalisasi jalur kereta api dibutuhkan pedoman untuk merekonstruksi ulang struktur jalur kereta pada masa jalur tersebut masih aktif dipergunakan. Apabila dokumen aset dalam kondisi rusak, baik fisik maupun informasinya, maka proses rekonstruksi ulang akan membutuhkan biaya lebih besar dan waktu yang lebih lama.
AUTOREGRESSIVE FRACTIONAL INTEGRATED MOVING AVERAGE (ARFIMA) MODEL TO PREDICT COVID-19 PANDEMIC CASES IN INDONESIA
Authors: Kartikasari Puspita , Yasin Hasbi , Maruddani Di Asih I
Published: June 2021

Currently the emergence of the novel coronavirus (Sars-Cov-2), which causes the COVID-19 pandemic and has become a serious health problem because of the high risk causes of death. Therefore, fast and appropriate action is needed to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. One of the way is to build a prediction model so that it can be a reference in taking steps to overcome them. Because of the nature of transmission of this disease which is so fast and massive cause extreme data fluctuations and between objects whose observational distances are far enough correlated with each other (long memory). The result of this determination is the best ARFIMA model obtained to predict additional of recovering cases of COVID-19 is (1,0,489.0) with an SMAPE value of 12,44%, while the case of death is (1.0.429.0) with SMAPE value of 13,52%. This shows that the ARFIMA model can accommodate well the long memory effect, resulting in a small bias. Also in estimating model parameters, it is also simpler. For cases of recovery and death, the number is increasing even though the case of death is still very high compared to cases of recovery.
UTILIZATION OF STUDENT’S T DISTRIBUTION TO HANDLE OUTLIERS IN TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY MEASUREMENT
Authors: Zulkarnain Rizky , Djuraidah Anik , Sumertajaya I Made , Indahwati Indahwati
Published: June 2021

Stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) is the favorite method for measuring technical efficiency. SFA decomposes the error term into noise and inefficiency components. The noise component is generally assumed to have a normal distribution, while the inefficiency component is assumed to have half normal distribution. However, in the presence of outliers, the normality assumption of noise is not sufficient and can produce implausible technical efficiency scores. This paper aims to explore the use of Student’s t distribution for handling outliers in technical efficiency measurement. The model was applied in paddy rice production in East Java. Output variable was the quantity of production, while the input variables were land, seed, fertilizer, labor and capital. To link the output and inputs, Cobb-Douglas or Translog production functions was chosen using likelihood ratio test, where the parameters were estimated using maximum simulated likelihood. Furthermore, the technical efficiency scores were calculated using Jondrow method. The results showed that Student’s t distribution for noise can reduce the outliers in technical efficiency scores. Student’s t distribution revised the extremely high technical efficiency scores downward and the extremely low technical efficiency scores upward. The performance of model was improved after the outliers were handled, indicated by smaller AIC value.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACTS OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION ON INCOME INEQUALITY IN THE FRAGILE FIVE COUNTRIES
Authors: DOĞAN Emrah , GÜLER Cengizhan
Published: June 2021

The equitable distribution of income is a very important problem in the economies of the past and present. In
this sense, this study aims to investigate the relationship between financial inclusion and income inequality
in the fragile five countries (Colombia, Mexico, South Africa, Turkey, Indonesia). For this purpose, a
comprehensive index of financial inclusion was constructed for the Fragile Five Countries. A panel data
set from 2005 to 2008 was used for the study. The econometric methods used are Principal Component
Analysis (PCA), Parks-Kmenta Estimator and Dumitrescu and Hurlin Panel Granger Causality test. The
results show that there is a negative relationship between financial inclusion and income inequality. There
is a statistically significant “inverse-U” shaped relationship between GDP per capita and income inequality
in the fragile five countries. However, there is a statistically significant and negative relationship between
internet usage and income inequality. In this regard, the findings of this study imply that fair growth and
financial inclusion together help to reduce income inequality.
TEMEL PERFORMANS GÖSTERGELERİ İLE KRİTİK BAŞARI FAKTÖRLERİ İLİŞKİSİ: BİR HAVAYOLU İŞLETMESİ UYGULAMASI
Authors: CAVLAK Hakan
Published: June 2021

Misyon ve vizyon, işletmelerin kendilerini nasıl tanımladıklarını, konumlandırdıklarını ve geleceğe ilişkin
hedeflerini en net şekilde ortaya koyan ifadelerdir. Bu ifadeler, işletme stratejilerinin ve hedeflerinin
oluşturulmasındaki temel unsurlardır. Belirtilen tüm bu unsurların gerçekleştirilmesi için bunların belirli
birtakım araçlar doğrultusunda takip edilmesi, izlenmesi ve değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu noktada
kullanabilecek araçlar ise kritik başarı faktörleri (CSF’ler) ve temel performans göstergeleridir (KPI’lar).
CSF ve KPI, bu çalışmanın ana konusunu oluşturmaktadır. CSF, işletmelerin misyonu, vizyonu ve stratejileri
çerçevesinde oluşturduğu ve bu unsurların gerçekleşmesi için gerekli olan kilit faaliyet alanlarını temsil
etmektedir. Söz konusu bu kilit faktörler belirlendikten sonra ise CSF’lere bağlı KPI’ların oluşturulması
gerekmektedir. KPI’lar ise CSF’lerin, stratejilerin, vizyonun ve misyonun başarılmasına katkı sunan
faaliyetlerin gerçekleştirilmesinde temel uyarıcı göstergelerdir. Bu göstergeler, işletmelere hangi unsurların
düzeltilmesi ya da iyileştirilmesi gerektiği hususunda rehberlik sağlamaktadır. Çalışmada, KPI ve CSF başta
olmak üzere ilgili tüm unsurların özellikleri ve ilişkileri açıklanmakta ve açıklamalar bir hava yolu işletmesi
uygulaması üzerinden somutlaştırılmaktadır.
OECD ÜLKELERİNDE KADINLARIN SOSYO-EKONOMİK STATÜSÜNÜN ENTROPİ-ARAS BÜTÜNLEŞİK YÖNTEMİYLE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: YILMAZ Müge , ŞİMŞEK Mevlüdiye , KOCA Gözde
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmadaki amaç, OECD ülkelerinde kadınların sosyo-ekonomik statüsünün Çok Kriterli Karar Verme
(ÇKKV) yöntemleriyle analiz edilmesidir. Sosyo-ekonomik statüyü etkileyen 9 faktör belirlenmiştir. Bu
faktörler, kadınlarda kişi başına düşen gelir (GDP), kadınlarda istihdam oranı, kadınlarda işgücüne
katılım oranı, kadın ilköğretim okullaşma oranı, kadın ortaöğretim okullaşma oranı, kadın yükseköğretim
okullaşma oranı, kadınlarda ortalama yaşam beklentisi, kadınlarda politik katılım oranı ve cinsiyete dayalı
insani kalkınma endeksi (HDI) şeklindedir. Analizde ÇKKV metotlarından Entropi ve ARAS yöntemleri
kullanılmıştır. OECD ülkelerin 2010-2017 arası döneme ait verileri kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonucuna
göre, kadınların sosyo-ekonomik statüsü açısından en iyi durumda olan ilk üç ülke sırasıyla Norveç, İzlanda
ve İsveç olurken, kadın statüsü açısından Japonya ve Macaristan son iki sırada yer almıştır.
Variation of singular Kähler–Einstein metrics: Positive Kodaira dimension
Authors: Cao Junyan , Guenancia Henri , Păun Mihai
Published: June 2021

Given a Kähler fiber space

p
:

X
→
Y

{p:X\to Y}

whose generic fiber is of general type, we prove that the fiberwise singular Kähler–Einstein metric induces
a semipositively curved metric on the relative canonical bundle

K

X
/
Y

{K_{X/Y}}

of p. We also propose a conjectural generalization of this result for relative
twisted Kähler–Einstein metrics. Then we show that our conjecture holds true
if the Lelong numbers of the twisting current are zero. Finally, we explain the relevance of our conjecture for the study of fiberwise Song–Tian metrics (which represent the analogue of KE metrics for fiber spaces whose generic fiber has positive but not necessarily maximal Kodaira dimension).
Non-archimedean hyperbolicity and applications
Authors: Javanpeykar Ariyan , Vezzani Alberto
Published: June 2021

Inspired by the work of Cherry, we introduce and study a new notion of Brody hyperbolicity for rigid analytic varieties over a non-archimedean field K of characteristic zero.
We use this notion of hyperbolicity to show the following algebraic statement: if a projective variety admits a non-constant morphism from an abelian variety, then so does any specialization of it.
As an application of this result, we show that the moduli space of abelian varieties is K-analytically Brody hyperbolic in equal characteristic 0. These two results are predicted by the Green–Griffiths–Lang conjecture on hyperbolic varieties and its natural analogues for non-archimedean hyperbolicity. Finally, we use Scholze’s uniformization theorem to prove that the aforementioned moduli space satisfies a non-archimedean analogue of the “Theorem of the Fixed Part” in mixed characteristic.
Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn and nephrolithiasis
Authors: Karikari Nicole A. , Nutan FNU
Published: June 2021

Objectives

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn (SCFN) is a rare panniculitis that can affect newborn patients who have experienced perinatal stress, hypoxia, or hypothermia. Risk factors include gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia. This condition is usually self-limiting; however, it can lead to severe complications, including hypercalcemia. After diagnosis, it is important to monitor calcium levels. There is no current standard for how frequently these levels should be monitored.

Case presentation

We present a full-term African American male with multiple risk factors, who was diagnosed with SCFN. The patient’s hypercalcemia secondary to SCFN led to renal complications.

Conclusions

This case highlights the importance of early and frequent monitoring of calcium levels in patients with SCFN.
Multitype weakly subcritical branching processes in random environment
Authors: Vatutin Vladimir A. , Dyakonova Elena E.
Published: June 2021

A multi-type branching process evolving in a random environment generated by a sequence of independent identically distributed random variables is considered. The asymptotics of the survival probability of the process for a long time is found under the assumption that the matrices of the mean values of direct descendants have a common left eigenvector and the increment X of the associated random walk generated by the logarithms of the Perron roots of these matrices satisfies conditions E
X < 0 and E
XeX
> 0.
Existence and uniqueness of positive solutions for nonlinear fractional mixed problems
Authors: Cabada Alberto , Wanassi Om Kalthoum
Published: June 2021

This paper is devoted to study the existence and uniqueness of solutions of a one parameter family of nonlinear Riemann–Liouville fractional differential equations with mixed boundary value conditions. An exhaustive study of the sign of the related Green’s function is carried out.
Under suitable assumptions on the asymptotic behavior of the nonlinear part of the equation at zero and at infinity, and by application of the fixed point theory of compact operators defined in suitable cones, it is proved that there exists at least one solution of the considered problem. Moreover, the method of lower and upper solutions is developed and the existence of solutions is deduced by a combination of both techniques. In particular cases, the Banach contraction principle is used to ensure the uniqueness of solutions.
Free interpolation for the Zygmund class
Authors: Tugores Francesc , Tugores Laia
Published: June 2021

We introduce interpolation sets for the Zygmund class

𝒵

{\mathcal{Z}}

in the unit disc of the complex plane. This space lies between the Lipschitz classes of order α,

0
<
α
<
1

{0<\alpha<1}

, and the class of order

α
=
1

{\alpha=1}

, whose interpolation sets are given in a different way.
We prove that the interpolation sets for

𝒵

{\mathcal{Z}}

are interpolation sets for the Lipschitz classes of order α,

0
<
α
<
1

{0<\alpha<1}

, and the latter are interpolation sets for a space slightly larger than

𝒵

{\mathcal{Z}}

.
A reduced basis Landweber method for the identification of piecewise constant Robin coefficient in an elliptic equation
Authors: Hu Junjun , Jiang Daijun
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we are concerned with the identification of the piecewise constant Robin coefficient in an elliptic equation.
The iterative regularization method is one of the very effective methods for solving this kind of nonlinear ill-posed
inverse problems. But it usually requires to solve numerous amounts of forward solutions during the iterative process, which will cost
a lot of computational time in high-dimensional spaces. A reduced basis method is considered to reduce the computational time for solving the forward problems, and its error estimate is also studied.
Finally, we propose a reduced basis Landweber algorithm to solve the elliptic inverse Robin problem and present several
numerical experiments to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the algorithm.
Neural network regression for Bermudan option pricing
Authors: Lapeyre Bernard , Lelong Jérôme
Published: June 2021

The pricing of Bermudan options amounts to solving a dynamic programming
principle, in which the main difficulty, especially in high dimension, comes
from the conditional expectation involved in the computation of the
continuation value. These conditional expectations are classically computed by
regression techniques on a finite-dimensional vector space. In this work, we
study neural networks approximations of conditional expectations.
We prove the convergence of the well-known Longstaff and Schwartz algorithm when the
standard least-square regression is replaced by a neural network
approximation, assuming an efficient algorithm to compute this approximation.
We illustrate the numerical efficiency of neural networks as an
alternative to standard regression methods for approximating conditional
expectations on several numerical examples.
Navigation of migratory songbirds: a quantum magnetic compass sensor
Authors: Wong Siu Ying , Frederiksen Anders , Hanić Maja , Schuhmann Fabian , Grüning Gesa , Hore P. J. , Solov’yov Ilia A.
Published: June 2021

The remarkable ability of migratory birds to navigate accurately using the geomagnetic field for journeys of thousands of kilometres is currently thought to arise from radical pair reactions inside a protein called cryptochrome. In this article, we explain the quantum mechanical basis of the radical pair mechanism and why it is currently the dominant theory of compass magnetoreception. We also provide a brief account of two important computational simulation techniques that are used to study the mechanism in cryptochrome: spin dynamics and molecular dynamics. At the end, we provide an overview of current research on quantum mechanical processes in avian cryptochromes and the computational models for describing them.
Kinetic study of the pyrolysis of polypropylene over natural clay
Authors: Nisar Jan , Khan Yousaf , Ali Ghulam , Shah Afzal , Farooqi Zahoor H. , Iqbal Munawar , Ashiq Muhammad Naeem
Published: June 2021

Clay is widely used in numerous industrial activities; however, its application as an efficient catalyst for the decomposition of plastic waste on a commercial scale is scanty. Therefore, in this study, we have made efforts to use natural clay as the catalyst for the thermal decomposition of polypropylene in a pyrolysis setup. The pyrolysis oil obtained was found rich in hydrocarbons ranging from C8–C35. Kinetics of the pyrolysis reaction was determined utilizing thermogravimetric data and the activation energy (E) and A-factor were observed as 70.33–94.80 kJ/mol and 6 × 105–2.3 × 108 min−1 using the Ozawa-Flynn-Wall method and 58.19–74.82 kJ/mol and 4.1 × 102–4.2 × 103 min−1 applying Tang Wanjun equation. The activation energy was found to increase with enhancement in conversion presenting a complex decomposition reaction. Comparing the activation energy determined in this work with previous studies confirmed that natural clay has reduced E of decomposition reaction at high fraction conversion. The pyrolysis results supported with the kinetic investigation in this work would have potential applications in disposing of plastic waste on an industrial scale and a step forward in the field of waste management.
„Zeitung für Deutschland“?
Authors: Kutzner Maximilian
Published: June 2021

Die Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (FAZ) firmiert bis heute als „Zeitung für Deutschland“. Das war der Anspruch ihrer Gründer. Doch die sich verstetigende Zweistaatlichkeit stellte den deutschlandpolitischen Kurs der FAZ vor Herausforderungen. Wie positionierte man sich zur Neuen Ostpolitik? Gelang es, die Zeitung als Impulsgeber auf diesem Politikfeld zu etablieren? Der Aufsatz beleuchtet innerredaktionelle Konflikte und externe Zuschreibungen von west- und ostdeutschen Akteuren gleichermaßen. Der Autor zeigt auf, in welchem Spannungsfeld sich die FAZ zwischen ihrer eigenen Linie und der Anerkennung deutschlandpolitischer Faktizität in den 1970er und 1980er Jahren bewegte. War man bereit, für die Verwirklichung der deutschen Einheit alte Grundätze aufzugeben?
„Im fremden Erdteil ein Kleinod sein, ein Segen werden“
Authors: Georgiev Anna
Published: June 2021

Unter anderem konfrontiert mit Auflösungserscheinungen kleinerer jüdischer Gemeinden auf dem Land wurden seitens jüdischer Organisationen in Deutschland schon in der Weimarer Republik Fragen der Inventarisierung und Verteilung von nicht mehr benötigten Judaika diskutiert. Im Zuge der systematischen Verfolgung und Ermordung der jüdischen Bevölkerung wurden diese Themen nicht etwa fallengelassen, sondern weiter systematisiert. Sicherlich auch aufgrund mangelnder Verwertungsmöglichkeiten wurden die von jüdischen Organisationen eigens entwickelten Strukturen zunächst durch das Reichssicherheitshauptamt toleriert, aber die eigentliche Intention der Sammlung – die Abgabe an Gemeinden im Ausland – erwies sich als Ding der Unmöglichkeit.
El español de la isla de La Graciosa desde una perspectiva prosódica
Authors: Díaz Cabrera Imelda Chaxiraxi , Jorge Trujillo Carolina
Published: June 2021

Manuel Alvar published the only linguistic work known on Spanish from the island of La Graciosa (Canary Islands) in 1965, focused on the town of Caleta del Sebo, to document, in the field of Linguistic geography, the ALEICan (Linguistic and ethnographic atlas of the Canary Islands [1975–1978]). Alvar’s studies used to cover the lexical, grammatical (morphology and syntax) and phonetic levels of the segmental type, but he did not consider prosodic aspects of speech which would later be incorporated into a new generation of atlases, which would go from paper format to multimedia. As the main exponent, the AMPER project (Atlas Multimédia Prosodique de l’Espace Roman) was created in 2001 and, within its framework, we intend to describe the melodic characteristics of a group of sentences emitted by a man and a woman from Caleta del Sebo, completing thus the study started by Alvar fifty-five years ago. In this way, the results will show for the first time if there is a prosodic proximity between the eighth island and the seven main islands, which have been widely described in previous works both in formal and in informal speech.
Towards a multiscalar perspective on the prospects of ‘the actually existing smart village’ – a view from Hungary
Authors: Szalai Ádám , Varró Krisztina , Fabula Szabolcs
Published: June 2021

This paper aims at expanding the scope of the dominantly pragmatic, local scale-oriented smart village scholarship towards a perspective that recognizes that smart village development is a multiscalar political process. To show the necessity of this move, the shaping of smart village policies and practices in Hungary is examined through a qualitative lens. As the authors argue, path-dependent structural obstacles and interscalar relations undermine the prospects of smart village building in the sense of bottom-up integrated rural development, and there is a risk of a bias towards technological innovation. This exploratory article, using Hungary as a case study, argues that smart village scholarship should draw on the results of critical smart city scholarship to acquire in-depth understanding of current debates regarding potential smart village developments.
Urban geographical patterns of the relationship between mobile communication, social networks and economic development – the case of Hungary
Authors: Egedy Tamás , Ságvári Bence
Published: June 2021

In the post-industrial age, the transformation of urban networks and urban regions was fundamentally influenced by the rapid spread of infocommunication technologies (ICT) and the Internet. People share information in their daily lives with the help of various ICT devices and ultimately generate georeferenced data that could obtain important information about people’s use of space, spatial movement and social connections. The main aim of the study is to explore the urban geographical and spatial impacts of ICT and social media networks in Hungarian cities. We focus on drawing territorial and settlement hierarchical patterns and clusters based on the mobile communication and online social network relationship data of Hungarian cities. The paper highlights the relationship between the intensity of mobile communication and the density and expansion of intercity social relations and the settlements’ level of economic development, respectively. The methodology is based on mobile phone call detail record (CDR) analysis and intercity network analysis of social media activities. Our findings suggest that different communication networks follow divergent spatial patterns in Hungary. The traditional East–West dichotomy of the Hungarian spatial divide is still reflected in mobile communication, but intercity clusters based on social media activities are usually aligned to the borders of administrative structures. In several cases, we were able to identify strong intercity links between settlements with a similar level of economic development of the mesolevel spatial structure that traverses over different counties and regional borders. Results on social and demographic issues suggest that ‘generation Z’ could play a key role in dampening the social and economic tensions created by the digital divide in the long run. Using a multidimensional explanatory model, we could demonstrate the growing interconnectedness between digital networks and economic development.
Acceptance of a smartphone navigation application by hospital patients and visitors: the role of gender, age, and education
Authors: Ženka Jan , Macháček Jan , Krtička Luděk , Michna Pavel , Kořízek Pavel
Published: June 2021

This paper analyses the acceptance of a smartphone navigation app in a hospital among its patients/visitors. We tested the effects of socio-demographic factors (gender, age, and education) on technology acceptance and on perceived difficulties with wayfinding in the hospital complex. The empirical research is based on a survey among 928 patients/visitors of the Vítkovice Hospital in Ostrava, Czechia. We found that the acceptance of smart navigation increases with the level of education and decreases with age. No significant gender differences were observed.
NMDA Receptor Expression by Retinal Ganglion Cells Is Not Required for Retinofugal Map Formation nor Eye-Specific Segregation in the Mouse
Authors: Johnson Kristy O. , Smith Nathan A. , Goldstein Evan Z. , Gallo Vittorio , Triplett Jason W.
Published: June 2021

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) project topographically to the superior colliculus (SC) and dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN). Spontaneous activity plays a critical role in retinotopic mapping in both regions; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying activity-dependent refinement remain unclear. Previous pharmacologic studies implicate NMDA receptors (NMDARs) in the establishment of retinotopy. In other brain regions, NMDARs are expressed on both the presynaptic and postsynaptic side of the synapse, and recent work suggests that presynaptic and postsynaptic NMDARs play distinct roles in retinotectal developmental dynamics. To directly test the role of NMDARs expressed by RGCs in retinofugal map formation, we took a conditional genetic knock-out approach to delete the obligate GluN1 subunit of NMDARs in RGCs. Here, we demonstrate reduced GluN1 expression in the retina of Chrnb3-Cre;GluN1flox/flox(pre-cKO) mice without altered expression in the SC. Anatomical tracing experiments revealed no significant changes in termination zone size in the SC and dLGN of pre-cKO mice, suggesting NMDAR function in RGCs is not an absolute requirement for topographic refinement. Further, we observed no change in the eye-specific organization of retinal inputs to the SC nor dLGN. To verify that NMDA induces activity in RGC terminals, we restricted GCaMP5 expression to RGCs and confirmed induction of calcium transients in RGC terminals. Together, these findings demonstrate that NMDARs expressed by RGCs are not required for retinofugal topographic map formation nor eye-specific segregation in the mouse.
Chronic, Episodic Nicotine Alters Hypoglossal Motor Neuron Function at a Critical Developmental Time Point in Neonatal Rats
Authors: Buls Wollman Lila , Fregosi Ralph F.
Published: June 2021

Developmental nicotine exposure (DNE), alters brainstem neurons that control breathing, including hypoglossal motor neurons (XIIMNs), which innervate the tongue. Here, we tested the hypothesis that chronic, episodic DNE (eDNE), which mimics nicotine replacement therapies such as e-cigarettes or nicotine gum, alters the function of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), XIIMN intrinsic properties, and tongue muscle functionin vivosimilar to what we have observed with a chronic, sustained exposure model. We delivered nicotine to pregnant Sprague Dawley rats through drinking water and studied pups of either sex in two age groups: postnatal day (P)1–P5 and P10–P12, which encompasses a critical period in brain development. At P1–P5, eDNE was associated with delayed recovery of nAChRs from desensitization; however, there were no changes in the magnitude of desensitization, XIIMN intrinsic properties, or tongue muscle functionin vivo.By P10–P12, eDNE XIIMNs had lower peak firing frequencies in response to depolarizing current injection, larger delayed rectifier potassium currents, and continued to exhibit delayed nAChR recovery. Moreover, this age group exhibited a blunted and delayed tongue muscle response to nasal occlusionin vivo, indicating that changes to XIIMN intrinsic properties is an important mechanism behind this effect, as it is not produced by altered nAChR function alone. Together, these results show that eDNE alters XIIMNs and tongue muscle function during a critical period in brain development and that the specific effects of chronic nicotine exposure may be pattern dependent.
MyelTracer: A Semi-Automated Software for Myeling-Ratio Quantification
Authors: Kaiser Tobias , Allen Harrison Mitchell , Kwon Ohyoon , Barak Boaz , Wang Jing , He Zhigang , Jiang Minqing , Feng Guoping
Published: June 2021

In the central and peripheral nervous systems, the myelin sheath promotes neuronal signal transduction. The thickness of the myelin sheath changes during development and in disease conditions like multiple sclerosis. Such changes are routinely detected using electron microscopy throughg-ratio quantification. Whileg-ratio is one of the most critical measurements in myelin studies, a major drawback is thatg-ratio quantification is extremely laborious and time-consuming. Here, we report the development and validation of MyelTracer, an installable, stand-alone software for semi-automatedg-ratio quantification based on the Open Computer Vision Library (OpenCV). Compared with manualg-ratio quantification, using MyelTracer produces consistent results across multiple tissues and animal ages, as well as in remyelination after optic nerve crush, and reduces total quantification time by 40–60%. Withg-ratio measurements via MyelTracer, a known hypomyelination phenotype can be detected in a Williams syndrome mouse model. MyelTracer is easy to use and freely available for Windows and Mac OS X (https://github.com/HarrisonAllen/MyelTracer).
Mendelian randomization to investigate the link between TSH and thyroid cancer
Authors: Fussey Jonathan M , Beaumont Robin N , Wood Andrew R , Vaidya Bijay , Smith Joel , Tyrrell Jessica
Published: June 2021

Evidence from observational studies suggests a positive association between serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and differentiated thyroid carcinoma. However, the cause-effect relationship is poorly understood, and these studies are susceptible to bias and confounding. Using Mendelian randomization (MR) methodology, this study aimed to investigate the causal role of TSH in both benign thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer in up to 451,025 participants in the UK Biobank. Hospital Episode Statistics and Cancer Registry databases were used to identify 462 patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma and 2031 patients with benign nodular thyroid disease. MR methods using genetic variants associated with serum TSH were used to test causal relationships between TSH and the two disease outcomes. We observed evidence of an inverse association between TSH levels and both thyroid cancer and benign nodular thyroid disease. Two-sample MR suggested that one standard deviation higher genetically instrumented TSH (approximately 0.8 mlU/L) resulted in an 80% reduction of risk of benign nodular disease (OR 0.20; 95% CI 0.10–0.41) and a 50% reduction of risk of thyroid cancer (OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.27–0.92). In keeping with other recently published studies, our results refute a causal role for TSH in both benign nodular thyroid disease and thyroid cancer, with increasing genetically instrumented TSH resulting in a lower risk of both diseases.
Práticas Criativas em Sala de Aula e a Criatividade dos Docentes: Estudo Exploratório no Ensino Básico
Authors: Morais Maria de Fátima , Miranda Lúcia C.
Published: June 2021

Criatividade tem sido requerida para as práticas dos professores em sala de aula, mas esta associação necessita de maior avaliação. Também os conceitos de pessoa e de docente criativos são distintos, mas tal distinção é mais explorada teórica do que empiricamente. Este estudo, ainda exploratório, analisa a relação entre autoavaliação de criatividade feita por docentes e práticas criativas em sala de aula por eles percecionadas. Para avaliar as práticas, usou-se o Inventário de Práticas Docentes para a Criatividade em Educação Superior (Morais et al., 2014). Para avaliar a criatividade dos docentes usou-se a Escala de Personalidade Criativa (Garcês et al., 2015). Participaram 111 docentes dos 2º e 3º ciclos do Ensino Básico de Portugal. Maioritariamente eram mulheres, tinham entre 31 e 61 anos e com experiência docente entre 4 e 37 anos. Os resultados mostraram correlações estatisticamente significativas entre dimensões do Inventário de Práticas Docentes Criativas e a Escala unifatorial da Personalidade Criativa. Uma análise da variância multivariada demonstrou diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas práticas docentes em função da criatividade dos docentes, havendo oscilações nestas práticas em grupos discrepantes (docentes mais e menos criativos). Os dados poderão ser úteis para a investigação e formação de professores, nomeadamente para reflexões e práticas.
Extraction, purification, and biological activities of flavonoids from branches and leaves of Taxus cuspidata S. et Z.
Authors: Jiang Ping , Zhao Yajie , Xiong Jia , Wang Fei , Xiao Lujie , Bao Siyao , Yu Xiangdong
Published: June 2021

The optimal operational and process parameters were determined for the enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrasound-assisted extraction (EHUE) method of flavonoids extracted from Taxus cuspidata branches and leaves (TCBL), and the biological activity of obtained flavonoids was evaluated. According to single factor and central composite design experiments, the optimum key experimental parameters for EHUE were that pectinase enzyme concentration was 0.10 mg·mL-1, enzymatic hydrolysis temperature was 48 °C, and enzymolysis time was 39 min. The yield of flavonoids from TCBL under the optimized conditions was 5.23% ± 0.18%. Four purified flavonoid compounds from TCBL extract were identified as 1) (E)-1-methoxy-2-O-(p-coumaroyl)-myo-inositol, 2) catechin, 3) epicatechin, and 4) quercetin-3-O-glucoside. Among the 4 compounds, compounds 2 and 3 showed higher antioxidant capacities, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The statistical analysis showed that epicatechin and catechin were potent antioxidants and active agents for inhibiting type II diabetes. In addition, all 4 compounds exerted clear antitumor activity against MCF-7, Hela, and HepG2 cells. Especially, compound 4 had highest antitumor capacity against MCF-7 and Hela, while compound 1 was best at suppressing the proliferation of HepG2 cells.
Theoretical determination of pit membrane natural frequency for destruction by resonance effect
Authors: Terziev Nasko , Daniel Geoffrey , Torgovnikov Grigori
Published: June 2021

The low permeability of many wood species causes significant problems during processing. Industrial methods used for increasing wood permeability reduce strength properties, are energy consuming, and are not viable economically. Destruction of pit membranes in wood cell walls can provide an increase in wood permeability without affecting wood strength properties. It can be accomplished using resonance applied to the pit membranes. Theoretical analysis and calculations have been performed to determine pit membrane (torus and margo) natural frequency. Membrane natural frequencies of bordered pits of Norway spruce are in the range of 3 to 11 MHz. Water in the pit chamber did not have a significant effect on the resonant frequency of the membrane. The main limitation of the amplitude of membrane fluctuations inside the pit chamber was the width of the chamber. Two methods to initiate resonance frequency for pit membrane destruction have been suggested, namely, alternating electric field application and microwave energy pulsation.
Condition-based switching the multicomponent reactions of 5-amino-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazole, aromatic aldehydes, and pyruvic acid
Authors: Sakhno Yana , Mykhailenko Maksym , Kolosov Maksim , Shvets Elena , Musatov Vladimir , Chorna Natalia , Desenko Sergey , Chebanov Valentyn
Published: June 2021

The multicomponent reactions of 5-amino-3-methylthio-1,2,4-triazole with aromatic aldehydes and pyruvic acid were studied using conventional thermal heating and ultrasonic activation at room temperature. Under conventional heating, dihydrotriazolopyrimidine derivatives were formed in both two- and three-component treatments. In the case of ultrasonic activation, the multicomponent reaction led to the formation of 7-hydroxytetrahydrotriazolopyrimidines.
Some pharmacological properties of 4-[3-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl]-5H-thiazol-2-one
Authors: Kryshchyshyn-Dylevych Anna
Published: June 2021

A series of 3,5-diaryl pyrazolyl thiazolinones were designed and synthesized as potential biologically active compounds. The study of anticancer activity of 4-[3-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl]-5H-thiazol-2-one (1) revealed its high antiproliferative activity against a panel of cancer cells with the lowest growth inhibition concentration (GI50) towards leukemic cell line SR (0.0351 µМ) and ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR-3 (0.248 µМ). It was also found that pyrazolyl thiazolinone 1 inhibited growth of Trypanosoma brucei brucei by 98,8% at a concentration of 10 µg/mL. The in-depth cytotoxicity study of compound 1 on human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and non-tumorigenic murine fibroblast Balb/c 3T3 in MTT, NRU, TPC and LDH assays showed that normal cells were less sensitive to compound 1 than the cancer cells; its action had led to a disintegration of the cell membrane, inhibition of mitochondrial and lysosomal activity, and proliferation of cancer cells. The highest selectivity were detected in the LDH assay.
Description of the Puparium and Redescription of the Third-Instar Larva of Brachyopa panzeri (Diptera, Syrphidae) with New Data on its Biology
Authors: Shparyk V. Yu. , Zamoroka A. M.
Published: June 2021

In this study, we report the rearing of Brachyopa panzeri Goffe, 1945 from larva and elucidate its life circle with a duration of the pupal stage for the first time. We describe the puparium of B. panzeri of which the morphology was unknown prior to the current study. The study of the larva of B. panzeri showed discrepancies between our observations and its original description. These allow us to redescribe the larva, explaining the uncertainties that have existed in the literature since the description of the larva. We clarify larval morphology and propose new characters for identification with the map of its chaetotaxy. Morphological features of the larva and pupa are illustrated using both light- and electron microscopy. Additionally, we reared the endoparasitoid wasp Tetrastichus brachyopae Graham, 1991 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from B. panzeri for the first time. Moreover, T. brachyopae is a new species for Ukraine.
Obtaining Oviparous Grass Snake, Natrix natrix (Serpentes, Colubridae), embryos at Early Developmental Stages by Caesarean Section
Authors: Sheverdyukova H. V. , Merzlikin I. R.
Published: June 2021

There is a specific feature in the developmental biology of oviparous snakes: embryos in the eggs, which were just laid, have already undergone significant development. This fact makes it significantly complicated to obtain data on organs’ development at early stages of embryogenesis. In addition, the fertilization time and the duration of snake pregnancy in the wild are unknown. In order to obtain the embryos of an oviparous grass snake Natrix natrix (Linnaeus, 1758) at successive developmental stages with minimal harm to gravid females we used caesarean section. The past known experience of performing caesarean section in snakes and anesthesia in reptiles were used. All the embryos were taken from the upper oviduct of a female simultaneously; in this way we eliminated the influence of medications on embryos’ development. The described method is valuable when it is necessary to obtain snake embryos and to preserve the life of the female and, possibly,its reproductive ability.
A New Species of Terellia (Diptera, Tephritidae) from Morocco
Authors: El Harym Y. , Belqat B. , Korneyev V. A.
Published: June 2021

Terellia ptilostemi sp. n., a previously unknown peculiar species of the genus Terellia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 is described based on the holotype and a large series of paratypes reared from Ptilostemon rhiphaeus (Pau & Font Quer) Greuter (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Tetouan and Chefchaouen Provinces of Western Morocco. The new species has the phallus glans typical for species of the Terellia serratulae group, but has an extremely uncommon wing pattern of four black crossbands, whereas the other species of the group have entirely hyaline or slightly infuscated wings.
An Infant Carrier Intervention and Breastfeeding Duration: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Little Emily E. , Cioffi Camille C. , Bain Lisa , Legare Cristine H. , Hahn-Holbrook Jennifer
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVES

Parent-infant skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth increases initiation and duration of bodyfeeding. We hypothesized that providing ergonomic carriers to parents during pregnancy would increase the likelihood of breastfeeding and expressed human milk feeding through the first 6 months of life.

METHODS

A randomized two-arm, parallel-group trial was conducted between February 2018 and June 2019 in collaboration with a home-visiting program in a low-income community. At 30 weeks’ gestation, 50 parents were randomly assigned to receive an ergonomic infant carrier and instruction on proper use to facilitate increased physical contact with infants (intervention group), and 50 parents were assigned to a waitlist control group. Feeding outcomes were assessed with online surveys at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postpartum.

RESULTS

Parents in the intervention group were more likely to be breastfeeding or feeding expressed human milk at 6 months (68%) than control group parents (40%; P = .02). No significant differences were detected in feeding outcomes at 6 weeks (intervention: 78% versus control: 81%, P = .76) or 3 months (intervention: 66% versus control: 57%, P = .34). Exclusive human milk feeding did not differ between groups (intervention versus control at 6 weeks: 66% vs 49%, P = .20; 3 months: 45% vs 40%, P = .59; 6 months: 49% vs 26%, P = .06).

CONCLUSIONS

Infant carriers increased rates of breastfeeding and expressed human milk feeding at 6 months postpartum. Large-scale studies are warranted to further examine the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of providing carriers as an intervention to increase access to human milk.
Antibacterial effect of essential oils of two plants Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Artemisia herba alba on some bacterial strains
Authors: Fenghour H. , Bouabida H. , Dris D. , Houhamdi M.
Published: June 2021

Essential oils are secondary plant metabolites and have many therapeutic properties. The aim of our study is to determine the antibacterial effect of the essential oils of two plants cultivated in a semi-arid region located in the Northeast of Algeria (Tebessa), Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Myrtaceae) and Artemisia herba alba (Asteraceae). The yield of essential oils of the two plants were 1.45 ± 0.026 and 1.21 ± 0.061 g/100 g of the dry matter of the aerial part respectively. The test of the antibacterial effect is based on the diffusion method on solid medium (sensitivity), this method allows us to determine the susceptibility or resistance of an organism vis-à-vis the sample studied. Our study reveals that E. camaldulensis essential oil had very strong activity on all bacterial strains tested, except on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis for which there was no inhibitory effect. However, A. herba alba essential oil had very strong activity on all bacterial strains tested except on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The MIC of Artemisia essential oil ranged between 0.08 and 1.57 µL/mL, with the lowest activity for S. aureus and P. mirabilis (1.57 µL/mL) and the highest activity was observed against E. feacalis, E. coli, and K. pneumonia (0.09 µL/mL). The MIC of the second plant EO ranged between 0.08 and 0.36 µL/mL, with the lowest activity for P. mirabilis (0.36 µL/mL) and the highest one was observed against S. saprophyticus and E. coli (0.08 µL/mL). Statistical analysis shows that the two plants have the same efficacy against S. saprophyticus while E. faecalis, K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis species are affected more by the essential oil of A. herba alba. While, E. camaldulensis has a higher efficiency than that of A. herba alba on the species: S. aureus and E. coli. Therefore, the essential oils of E. camaldulensis and A. herba alba suggests avenues for further non clinical and clinical studies.