bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To the bryophyte flora of Nelson Island (South Shetland Islands, Antarctic)
Authors: Kurbatova L. E.
Published: May 2020

The bryophytes of the northern part of Nelson Island were studied. 27 mosses and 2 liverworts species were collected. 14 new species for Nelson Island are founded. The mosses Bryoerythrophyllum recurvirostrum, Conostomum magellanicum and S. leptoneurum are most interesting rare species in Antarctic.
The Factors Influencing Teaching (FIT)
Authors: Celik Suleyman
Published: May 2020

This study investigated the fitness of the Factors Influencing Teaching (FIT) Choice scale in a Kurdish educational setting among undergraduate teacher-training students (N=1335) encompassing nursery, primary and secondary education. The factors motivating this population to become teachers were examined in the Iraqi-Kurdish educational context. The-FIT-Choice scale was translated into the Kurdish language and its reliability and validity were measured. Intrinsic/altruistic and social utility values were found to be the most important factors behind the choice of the teaching profession as a career. Intrinsic career value, social contribution, the experience of prior learning and teaching were also influential motivational factors in this choice, as were social influences and social status factors. Compared to similar research conducted in Australian and Turkish educational settings, however, fall back career, job security, time for family, job transferability, the opportunity to shape the future of children and enhance social equity did not demonstrate meaningful value as motivational factors in this survey. One of the most important results differentiating this from other studies was that the addition of moral value factors to the original scale revealed that these values played an important role in students’ perceptions towards the teaching profession as a career.
Perangkat Lunak
Authors: sabilah dwi sartika
Published: May 2020

Perangkat lunak komputer adalah sekumpulan data elektronik yang disimpan dan diatur oleh komputer, data elektronik yang disimpan oleh komputer itu dapat berupa program atau instruksi yang akan menjalankan suatu perintah. Melalui perangkat lunak inilah suatu komputer dapat menjalankan suatu perintah. Perangkat lunak tidak dapat disentuh dan dilihat secara fisik, software memang tidak tampak secara fisik dan tidak berwujud benda namun bisa untuk dioperasikan.
Perangkat Komputer
Authors: sabilah dwi sartika
Published: May 2020

Perangkat lunak komputer adalah sekumpulan data elektronik yang disimpan dan diatur oleh komputer, data elektronik yang disimpan oleh komputer itu dapat berupa program atau instruksi yang akan menjalankan suatu perintah. Melalui perangkat lunak inilah suatu komputer dapat menjalankan suatu perintah. Perangkat lunak tidak dapat disentuh dan dilihat secara fisik, software memang tidak tampak secara fisik dan tidak berwujud benda namun bisa untuk dioperasikan.
Perangkat keras komputer
Authors: mariani salsabila
Published: May 2020

Hardware merupakan salah satu komponen yang sangat mendukung dalam kinerja sistem komputer. Buku pintar digital hardware komputer berbasis multimedia dibuat dengan tujuan mempermudah pemakai komputer untuk mengenal dan memahami lebih detail perangkat-perangkat hardware komputer melalui informasi yang disajikan dalam bentuk teks,gambar,suara,video dan animasi.
Perangkat keras komputer
Authors: mariani salsabila
Published: May 2020

Hardware merupakan salah satu komponen yang sangat mendukung dalam kinerja sistem komputer. Buku pintar digital hardware komputer berbasis multimedia dibuat dengan tujuan mempermudah pemakai komputer untuk mengenal dan memahami lebih detail perangkat-perangkat hardware melalui informasi yang disajikan dalam bentuk teks,gambar,suara,video dan animasi.
GEREJA MISIONAL -- SEBUAH PARADIGMA BARU GEREJA DAN MISI
Authors: Simanjuntak Irfan Feriando
Published: May 2020

Gereja misional adalah istilah baru yang ingin mengembalikan hubungan erat gereja dan misi. Sudah cukup lama gereja memahami misi sebagai apa yang gereja lakukan di tempat-tempat terpencil untuk memberitakan Injil. Pemahaman seperti ini pada gilirannya menggerus kekristenan itu sendiri sekaligus memisahkan gereja dari dasar keberadaannya yang sebenarnya sebagai umat pilihan Allah yang dipanggil untuk memberitakan Injil. Adalah The Gospel and Our Culture Network (GOCN) yang pertama kali memperkenalkan istilah ini. Dengan menggunakan istilah misional yang dimaksudkan adalah bahwa gereja pada hakekatnya bukanlah pihak pengutus melainkan yang diutus oleh Allah. Dasar teologi dari gereja misional bersumber dari pribadi Allah Tritunggal yang dalam hakekatnya adalah misionaris dan yang ingin meluaskan misi-Nya dengan memanggil gereja terlibat di dalam misi tersebut. Dengan demikian pelaksanaan misi oleh gereja di tengah-tengah dunia adalah bentuk partisipasi gereja di dalam pribadi, rencana dan aktivitas Allah bagi dunia. Dua hal menjadi elemen penting dalam membentuk gereja misional, yaitu ibadah dan khotbah yang misional. Dengan memperhatikan hal-hal tersebut orang-orang Kristen diharapkan dapat menjadi umat yang misional.
perangkat lunak
Authors: Zein Hendara Utama
Published: May 2020

perkembangan perangkat lunak
Father's Legacy
Authors: Susanto Susilo
Published: May 2020

Research shows that a person's growth is strongly influenced by the presence of a father. The absence of a father will have an unfavorable influence on a person's life. The number of physical fathers who do not function as spiritual fathers (fathers who provide spiritual values) causes the church to provide spiritual fathers. But what happened was not as expected. The Church has thousands of educators but does not have many fathers. The crisis of famine gives a lot of influence in the life of the church or in society. Freezing can only occur if there is a father's heart and there is the heart of a child who meets. Therefore we need the values of a building that are built based on the Word of Christ to give birth to generations that radiate the glory of God.
Tinjauan Teologis Fenomena Pentakosta Ke 3
Authors: Harefa Otieli
Published: May 2020

Fenomena gerakan pentakosta ke tiga yang terus didengungkan oleh sebagian hamba-hamba Tuhan diberbagai belahan dunia khususnya yang beraliran pentakosta kharismatik terus menjadi perbincangan baik secara internal denominasi maupun lintas denominasi. Istilah ini muncul dari salah satu tokoh gereja pentakosta kharismatik di Indonesia yaitu Bapak Pdt. DR. (HC). Ir. Niko Njotorahardjo, yang melaunching Istilah ini pada acara Empowered21 Asia dan Global tanggal 17 – 20 Juli 2018 yang lalu. Pada kenyataanya penggunaan istilah ini telah menjadi perdebatan dalam gereja antara yang pro dan kontra. Tinjauan teologis yang dimaksud penulis adalah bagaimana melihat peristiwa ISCC Sentul Bogor Indonesia secara kesesuaian fakta sejarah dan fakta teologis, untuk mendapatkan indikator yang cukup bagi kemungkinan penyebutan setiap kegerakan dalam angka lewat pendekatan yang sesuai dengan fakta teologis dan fakta sejarah. Pada akhirnya penulis menyimpulkan bahwa kegerakan pentakosta merupakan karya kedaulatan Allah bagi umatNya dalam hal menggenapi rencananNya yang terus menerus berlangsung, termasuk peristiwa penetapan pentakosta ke tiga pada acara Empowered21 Asia dan Global tanggal 17 – 20 Juli 2018 di SICC Sentul Bogor. Sebutan Pentakosta ke tiga yang dimaksud harus kita lihat berdasarkan dampak dan kesesuaian fakta serta ciri khas yang menandai istilah peristiwa pentakosta sebelumnya
Konsep Kurikulum Pembinaan Warga Gereja Khususnya Bagi Remaja
Authors: evimalinda rita
Published: May 2020

Abstraksi: Pembinaan warga gereja khususnya remaja merupakan salah satu upaya konkret gereja dalam melaksanakan tugas pemberdayaan remaja, baik yang bersifatteologis maupun yang bersifat praktis dan relevan. Konsep materi kurikulum buat remaja yang relevan mencakup (1) pengajaran isi Alkitab, soal iman dan kesusilaan Kristen, (2) persekutuan orang kristen (3) penyebaran injil didalam dan luar negeri, (4) pelatihan dan pembinaan dalam kelompok bakat dan minat. (5) Kebutuhan psikologis dalam menjawab permasalahan yang dihadapi remaja. Dan tiga asas pokok yang diperhatikan dalam perencanaan kurikulum remaja: asas filosofi, gereja mengajarkan injil sebagai kebenaran dan hubungan manusia dengan Allah, asas sosiologis: remaja diajarkan hidup di masyarakat harus cerdas, mampu memahami, menganalisa permasalahan di sekitarnya, tetap berpegang pada firman Tuhan, asas psikologis: remaja mengenal hingga mengasihi Allah memiliki perubahan pribadi menuju kedewasaan baik fisik, mental/intelektual, moral, maupun sosial. Disimpulkan melalui proses pembinaan di gereja,remaja mengalami perubahan yang terus menerus pada anggota tubuh, bakat dan minat, alam pikiran, perhatian, sikap dan kemauan remaja, yang mempengaruhi lahir dan batin. Segenap roh dan jiwanya terlibat dalam proses pendewasaan, siap menjadi saksi Kristus di lingkungan melalui seluruh eksistensi kehidupannya. Kata-kata kunci: Pembinaan, Warga, Gereja, Remaja
Administrasi Keuangan
Authors: Nirmala Rifa , Afriansyah Hade
Published: May 2020

Definition of finnancinal administrnation in the bronadest sense is na policy regnarding the nand use of orgnaniznationnal finnance to renalize the nactivities of the orgnaniznation, where the form of finnancinal mnannagement includes plnanning, regulnation, naccountnability, nand finnancinal supervision
Pressure Injury Prevention in COVID-19 Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Team Victoria , Team Lydia , Jones Angela , Teede Helena , Weller Carolina D.
Published: May 2020

There is a global health professional knowledge deficit on pressure injury (PI) prevention and early detection and standard preventive interventions recommended by the clinical practice guidelines may not be fully implemented, which is applicable to the COVID-19 situation. Health professionals may lack awareness of pressure points typical for patients in prone position and may have misconceptions related to specific equipment required for prone positioning. In this perspective article, we summarize the best recommendations for prevention of PI in SARS-CoV-2 infected acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients in the prone positioning.
Mindfulness-Based Trauma Recovery for Refugees (MBTR-R): Randomized Waitlist-Control Evidence of Efficacy and Safety
Authors: Reebs Anna , Yuval Kim , Hadash Yuval , Gebremariam Solomon Gebreyohans , Bernstein Amit
Published: May 2020

Refugees and asylum seekers often suffer from trauma- and stress-related mental health problems. We thus developed Mindfulness-Based Trauma Recovery for Refugees (MBTR-R) – a 9-week, mindfulness-based, trauma-sensitive and socio-culturally adapted, group intervention for refugees and asylum seekers. We conducted a randomized waitlist-control study testing its efficacy and safety among a community sample of 158 Eritrean asylum seekers (46.2% female) with a severe trauma history and chronic post-migration stress. Relative to waitlist-controls, MBTR-R demonstrated significantly reduced rates and symptom severity of PTSD, depression, anxiety and multi-morbidity at post-intervention and 5-week follow-up. Therapeutic effects were not dependent on key demographics, trauma history severity, or post-migration living difficulties. Finally, there was no evidence of adverse effects or lasting clinically significant deterioration in monitored outcomes. The brief intervention format, group-based delivery, and limited attrition indicate that MBTR-R may be a feasible, acceptable, readily implemented and scalable mental health intervention for refugees and asylum seekers.
How depressive symptoms hinder positive information processing – An experimental study on the interplay of cognitive immunisation and negative mood in the context of expectation update.
Authors: Kube Tobias , Glombiewski Julia
Published: May 2020

Background: People with depression maintain negative expectations despite disconfirming positive experiences by reappraising or discarding novel positive information, referred to as “cognitive immunisation”. A second body of literature suggests that negative mood can negatively affect information processing. Bridging these two lines of research, the present study examined the interplay of cognitive immunisation and negative mood in the context of expectation update.Methods: In a student sample (N = 152), we used a well-established experimental paradigm to examine the update of performance expectations in response to positive performance feedback, and its relation to depressive symptoms. In a 2x2 design, participants received either a negative mood induction, a cognitive immunisation manipulation, both, or no further manipulation.Results: Participants from all experimental groups updated their previous expectations significantly in line with positive performance feedback. However, depressive symptoms were a negative predictor of expectation update, and a moderation analysis indicated that this effect was particularly pronounced if participants underwent the negative mood induction. Conclusions: Consistent with previous work, depressive symptoms were related to reduced integration of positive information. Furthermore, our results suggest that in people with elevated levels of depression, the activation of negative mood can hamper learning from new positive experience.
Borderline Disorder: (De facto) Historical Ethnic Borders and Contemporary Conflict in Africa
Authors: Özak Ömer , Depetris-Chauvin Emilio
Published: May 2020

We explore the effect of historical ethnic borders on contemporary non-civil conflict in Africa. Exploiting variations across artificial regions (i.e., grids of 50x50km) within an ethnicity's historical homeland, we document that both the intensive and extensive margins of contemporary conflict are concentrated close to historical ethnic borders. Following a theory-based instrumental variable approach, which generates a plausibly exogenous ethno-spatial partition of Africa, we find that grid cells with historical ethnic borders have 27 percentage points higher probability of conflict and 7.9 percentage points higher probability of being the initial location of a conflict. We uncover several key underlying mechanisms: competition for agricultural land, population pressure, cultural similarity and weak property rights.
SOME ASPECTS OF BIOLOGY OF LAMBAK PIPIH FISH (Thynnichthys polylepis) IN BATANGHARI RIVER, JAMBI
Authors: Kaban Siswanta
Published: May 2020

Research on some biological aspects of lambak pipih fish (Thynnichthys polylepis) was carried out in the Batanghari River, Jambi Province. Using the survey method, in March, May, August and October 2015. The station was determined by purposive random sampling which was divided into 3 regions: upstream in Mangunjaya and Puntikalo Villages, Tebo Regency, the middle in Penyengat Kecil and Kunangan Villages, Jambi Municipality and downstream in Sungai Kandis and Muara Sabak Villages. The size of the flat-rolled fish caught ranges from 7.2 cm in length and weighs 4.5 grams and 26 cm in weight, 162 grams. The largest length is between 10.1 - 15.0 cm totaling 55 heads, while the most weight is 1 - 30 grams totaling 52 heads. The relationship between long-weight flatfish follows the equation pattern: W = 0.013L2.901 with a value of b <3. So it can be said that flat-slawed fish have a negative allometric growth pattern. Its natural feed consists of macrophytes (water growths) as much as 49.9% as the main feed. Phytoplankton supplementary feed is 22.6% (Chlorophyceae 10.4%; Bacillariophyceae 8.1% and Cyanophyceae 4.1%, and detritus 17.4%. Additional feed is 0.8% Protozoa; 0.5% Rotifera and Crustaceae 0 , 4% and the unidentified part was 8.4%. Thus flat or motak fish were classified into groups of herbivorous fish or plant eaters.
ANALYSIS CONCENTRATION OF NITRATE, PHOSPHATE, SILICATE AND RELATIONSHIP WITH DIATOM ABUDANCE IN WATERS TANJUNG TIRAM DISTRCTS BATU BARA REGENCY OF NORTH SUMATERA PROVINCE
Authors: Hidayat Rahmad , Nedi Syahril , Nurachmi Irvina
Published: May 2020

Input of nutrients into the waters from various human activities (residential, agriculture and industry) has the potential to cause changes in the physical, chemical and biological conditions of the waters. The study aims to determine the relationship of concentrations of nitrate, phosphate and silicate with the abundance of diatoms in the Tanjung Tiram waters. The method used is the survey method, the determination of the location of sampling is done by purposive sampling, data analysis (multiple regression). Based in the results of laboratory analysis nitrate concentrations ranged from 0,0819 – 0,1167 mg/l, the phosphate concentration ranged from 0,1002 – 0,1526 mg/l, and silicate concentration ranged from 0,04447 – 0,5418 mg/l. The abundance of diatoms in Tanjung Tiram waters ranged from 156,9 – 302,8 ind/l. The results of statistical analysis of the relationship of nitrate, phosphate and silicate with the abundance of diatoms are expressed in terms of equation Y = 350,906 – 58,065Nitrate– 2644,624phosphate+ 440,363Silicate. This statement explains the concentration of nitrate, phosphate related negative (-) to the abundance of diatoms and silicate positive (+) related to the abundance of diatom. This condition shows that the nutrient concentration in these waters is relatively high so that it affects the abundance of diatoms.
STANDING STOK IKAN PAWEH (Osteochillus hasselti) dan KONDISI LINGKUNGAN DANAU LUBUK SIAM DESA LUBUK SIAM KECAMATAN SIAK HULU PROVINSI RIAU
Authors: Widya Iswara Anggi , Fauzi Muhammad , El Fajri Nur
Published: May 2020

Osteochillus hasselti was commonly inhabit the Lubuk Siam Lake. A research aims to understand the standing stock of O. hasselti in that lake was conducted in July to August 2018. The fish was sampled everyday for 10 days in July and 10 days in August, in 3 sampling points (in the inlet area, in the middle of the lake, and the outlet) using gill nets. The standing stock was analyzed using Leslie method. Results shown that the initial population (No) of the fish was 315 kg and the final population (Nt) was 301 kg and the exploitation level was 8%. The water quality parameter shown that temperature was 27-28oc, clarity 6395 cm, pH = 6 and dissolved oxygen was 5.32–5.40 mg/L. Data obtained indicate the water quality in the Lubuk Siam Lake is good and it is able to support the life of O. hasselti.
CONTENTS OF NITRATES, PHOSPHATES, SILICATES AND MISTAKES DIATOMS (Epiphytic) IN SEAGRASSES (Thalassia hemprichii) WATERS NIRWANA BEACH KECAMATAN TELUK NIBUNG KOTA PADANG SUMATERA BARAT PROVINCE
Authors: Rachmadani Rambe Sakinah , Nurachmi Irvina , Nedi Syahril
Published: May 2020

Epiphytic diatoms are diatoms whose lives are associated with plants, one of which is seagrass. Nitrates, phosphates and silicates are needed to support growth and development, especially epiphytic which attaches to seagrass leaves. The research was conducted in May 2018 in the waters of Nirwana Beach, Teluk Nibung Subdistrict, Padang City, West Sumatra Province. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of nitrate, phosphate, and silicate content to the abundance of diatoms. The method used in this study is the survey method. Taking diatom samples is done by grinding the surface of seagrass leaves using a brush, while sampling nitrates, phosphates and silicates is done using a water sampler. The results of this study indicate that nitrate concentrations ranged from 1,250-1,255 mg / l, phosphate 0,031-0,570 mg / l and silicate 1,180-1,700 mg/l. The total abundance of diatoms ranges from 459-3446 ind / cm2, where the diatom genus that dominates at each station is Navicula, Isthmia, and Stephanopyxis. Based on statistical analysis shows that the content of nitrate, phosphate, and silicate has a positive relationship to the abundance of epiphytic diatoms.
TEST THE ABILITY OF SEDIMENT BACTERIA ISOLATES IN DEGRADATING PHENOL
Authors: Monika Siska , Yoswaty Dessy , Nursyirwani Nursyirwani
Published: May 2020

Phenol degrading bacteria can be found in various habitats in marine environments. This study aims to obtain bacteria from sediments that are able to degrade phenol. The process of bacterial purification and degradation was carried out from August to September 2018 at the Marine Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, University of Riau. Analysis of the reduction in phenol concentration was carried out using the APHA 5530 method using UV-VIS spectrophotometry conducted at the Health and Environment Laboratory. The bacterial isolates used as test bacteria were isolates BF1A, BF4B and BF9C. Bacterial and biochemical tests were carried out for all bacterial isolates. Two isolated showed mehyl red negative, all isolates were motile. Three isolates were positive catalase, able to ferment glucose and sucrose fermented citrate and two isolat were Gram negative bacterial. The three bacterial isolates were able to degrade phenol with the highest degradation for 1ppm shown in isolates BF1A, the highest degradation of concentrations of 2 ppm and 3 ppm was shown in isolates BF9C. Thus, the isolat BF9C was able to degrade the highest phenol.
EFFECTIVITY OF NIPAH (Nypa fruticans) EXTRACT ON (Aedes aegypti) LARVAE IN BRACKISH WATER
Authors: Rady Rady , Effendi Irwan , Feliatra Feliatra
Published: May 2020

The most commonly used method of vektor control is temephos (the synthetic larvicide). Currently in some areas there has been resistance of aedes aegypti larvae to temephos, so that natural larvicide is required as an alternative. Nypa exctract contains flavonoid compounds that are respiratory toxins that can kill aedes aegypty larvae.This research was conducted in January - February 2019. The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibitory power of nipah extract against larvae in brackhish water. The results of this study are expected to increase knowledge and provide information about the pontential of nipah as a soursce of bioactive compounds. The method used is the experimental method, where the location of the research sampel was obtained at one sampling location point in the Sungai Kayu Ara village, Siak Riau province. The results showed that the average mortality of larvae in nipah laeves in the 60th minute was 55, 80, 100 and 100%. While root extracts have larvae deaths as many as 60 minutes, namely 100, 90, 90, and 100%. For the average mortality of larvae at the root of nipah there are 60 minutes, which are 95, 100, 100 and 100%. As wel as positive and negative controls as a comparison. So it can be compared to 3 administration of nipah extract both leaves, roots and midrib so that the three conncentrations used are better than the use of midrib extract compared to leaf and root extract. It can be concluded that the more concentration used the higher the mortality of larvae is the concentration of 12%. For the concentration used the percentage of larvae mortality in the test media is as much as 6%, 9% and 12%. Every death of larvae has reristance to different bodies so that at the 30th minute there is a difference in mortality of larvae wich a given concentration. The larvae species used are aedes aegyti larvae. The highest mortality of dead es was found in midrib extract and also positive controls. So that the death of larvae is very effective against the given solution has the same ability. The mortality of A. aegypti larvae were then analyzed using probit analysis to obtain LC50 (Lethal Concentration 50) and LT50 (Lethal Time 50) values. The results of the probit analysis of leaf, root and midrib extracts are the estimation of LC50 1.493, 2.618, 0.005. while leaf , root and midrib extracts at the LT50 estimate were 2.841, 1.579, 2.227
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LIGHT COLORS ON THE BIOMASS GROWTH OF Spirulina platensis
Authors: Hanryani Putri , Efriyeldi Efriyeldi , Effendi Irwan
Published: May 2020

Spirulina is microalgae that spreads widely in nature and can be found in various types of environments, both in brackish, sea and fresh water. Spirulina is photoautotrophic, so it requires light as an energy source for cell growth and synthesis of various important substances involved in it. Lack of light can cause photosynthesis to not take place normally so that it will affect the growth of S. platensis. This study aims to determine the effect of different light colors on the biomass growth of S. platensis. This research was conducted from March to April 2019 at the Marine Microbiology Laboratory and the Marine Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Riau. The method used in this research was the experimental method. The study design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments (red, yellow, blue and control colors) and three replications. The results showed that the light colors had a significant effect on the biomass growth of S. platensis. Yellow light gave the best biomass growth, followed by red and blue light.
DENSITY AND COVERAGE OF SEAGRASS ON DIFFERENT TYPE OF SEDIMENT AT PANDARATAN BEACH TAPANULI TENGAH REGENCY NORTH SUMATERA PROVINCE
Authors: Lianov Dea , Efriyeldi Efriyeldi , Zulkifli Zulkifli
Published: May 2020

Seagrass ecosystem is one of shallow sea ecosystems that plays an important role to maintain stability of the sea. Density and coverage of seagrass depend on characteristic of sediment, include mean size and the type of sediment. The purpose of this study was to find out how density and coverage of seagrass on different type of sediment at Pandaratan Beach Tapanuli Tengah Regency North Sumatera Province. This research was conducted in April 2019. From the results can be discovered that there are two species of seagrass that found in Pandaratan Beach, Cymodocea rotundata and Enhalus acoroides. In the type of muddy sand sediment has the heighest density of seagrass which is 309 ind/m2 and categorized into very tight. In the type of sandy gravel sediment has the lowest density of seagrass which is 49 ind/m2 and categorized into very rare. And in the type of gravely sand sediment has the density of seagrass that is 234 ind/m2 and categorized into very tight. In the type of muddy sand sediment has the heighest coverage of seagrass which is 50.18% and categorized into good. In the type of sandy gravel sediment has the lowest coverage which is 17.72%. And in the type of gravely sand sediment has the coverage of seagrass which is 26.95% and categorize into moderately.
SPECIES DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF SPONGES IN THE COASTAL AREA OF KASIAK ISLAND PARIAMAN REGENCY SUMATERA BARAT PROVINCE
Authors: Nasri Ananda Nahdya , Efriyeldi Efriyeldi , Thamrin Thamrin
Published: May 2020

Sponges are the most primitive multicellular animals that live in various types of waters from freshwater, brackish and sea. Sponges live in bottom waters that typically stick themselves on hard substrate such as rock or coral and compete with other tacks organism to obtain a food hall. The research was conducted in Kasiak Island Pariaman regency West Sumatera in February-March 2019, aims to find outthe type, density, frequency of occurrence, diversity index, dominance index, the distribution pattern of sponge, To support the research data is also observed the characteristics of the environment such as water quality. The method used is survey method, where sampling using belt transect method performed on three stations. The research found 14 genus / species of sponge consisting of 11 families in island waters Kasiak with sponge density values obtained in each research station ranges from 1458-4208 ind / ha. The highest frequency of occurrence of the type Jaspis sp. with the frequency of occurrence of 100%. Diversity index values ranged from 1.8921 to 1.9488, dominance index value obtained was from 0.3163 to 0.3396, and the value of the distribution pattern of the sponge ranges from 0.2941 to 0.3015.
TYPES AND DENSITY OF SEAGRASS IN THE GENTING BEACH, TANJUNG MEDANG VILLAGE, RUPAT UTARA DISTRICT, BENGKALIS REGENCY, RIAU PROVINCE
Authors: Hidayah Haini , Fauzi Muhammad , Adriman Adriman
Published: May 2020

Seagrass is present in the Genting Beach. During the low tide, however, propeler of fishermen ship damage the seagrass habitat in general. To understand the types and density of seagrass in Genting Beach, a study has been conducted in April – June 2018. There were 3 sampling points, in the river mouth of the Genting River (SP I), in the shipping line (SP II), and in the mangrove area (SP III). Seagrass were taken from 3 quadrants (1x1 m) in each sampling point. Sampling were conducted once. The seagrass was then identified. Results shown that there was one type of seagrass species, namely Enhalus acoroides. Seagrass density range from 17.99 – 90.78 organism/m2 and the coverage of seagrass was around 3.04% – 14.39%, water temperature was 31.66 - 32ºC, salinity 32‰, pH 8, clarity 0.26 – 0.33 m, current flow 0.37 – 0.42 m/s, sandy mud substrate, nitrate 0.033 – 0.075 mg/L, phosphate 0.035 – 0.104 mg/L and organic material was 20.50 – 27.57%. The seagrass density in the Genting Beach is classified as rare and the coverage as low.
MAPPING OF MANGROVE VEGETATION USING LANDSAT SATELLITE IMAGERYIN THE ESTUARY OF GANGSAL RIVER INDRAGIRI HILIR REGENCY RIAU PROVINCE
Authors: Susilo Hendri , Ghalib Musrifin , Mulyadi Aras
Published: May 2020

The research was conducted in January - March 2019. This study aims to map and analyze changes in the area and density of mangrove vegetation based on NDVI values and community structure in the Muara Sungai Gangsal, Indragiri Hilir Regency. To analyze the area and density of NDVI using Landsat 5 TM satellite imagery in 2008 and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS in 2018. Analysis using ArcGis 10.3 software. The calculation of mangroves based on community structure used the Transect Line Plot method at 6 stations for community structure sampling. The area of mangrove vegetation in 2008 was 2,706 ha and in 2018 it was 2,693 ha. The results of the analysis of mangrove vegetation area from 2008 to 2018 there was a reduction of 13 ha. The NDVI value for 2008 criteria is rarely 133 ha, while 2.009 ha are wide and 564 ha is dense. The NDVI value of the 2018 mangrove vegetation is rarely 16 hectares, while 2,135 hectares are in the area and 542 hectares are dense. Based on the analysis of mangrove density in 2018 at 6 sampling point stations ranging from 866 ind/ha to 1,522 ind/ha. Density criteria are rarely detected at station I with a density of 922 ind/ha and station II with a density of 866 ind/ha. The criterion of moderate density was detected at station V with a density of 1,255 ind/ha and station VI with a density of 1,044 ind/ha. Criteria for solid density were detected at station III with a density of 1,522 ind/ha and station IV with a density of 1,511 ind/ha.
ISOLATION AND ANTAGONISM OF BACTERIA TEST OF BIOTA IN THE MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM KAYU ARA RIVER SIAK REGENCY
Authors: Moritania Rizky , Effendi Irwan , Feliatra Feliatra
Published: May 2020

The General area is the mangrove biodiversity and marine life that have biological activity that likely has the same pharmacological potential as an antimicrobial compound. The purpose of this research is to know the bacterial antagonism in isolation from mangrove, mangrove crabs, snails and fish tembakul against pathogenic bacteria (Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas salmonicida, Edwardsiella ictaluri). This research dimula from May – June 2019. From the results of research that has been done shows that isolates that have the capability of antagonism against pathogenic bacteria test three (A. salmonicida, A. hydrophila and E. ictaluri) were isolate CS7 with category stronger, isolate CS6, CS5, CS4, AI4, AI5, CS9 AI2, with weak category, whereas isolates CS1, B22, B33, B44, AI6 AI7 AI8, was only able to inhibit pathogenic test of 2 with a weak category. The results of the DNA analysis of the 16S rRNA sequence with the use and analysis of BLAST obtained that isolates the Bacillus cereus species are included.
ANALYSIS CONTENT OF ORGANIC MATTER IN SEDIMENT AND ABUNDANCE OF MACROZOOBENTHOS IN TELUK BUO PADANG WEST SUMATERA
Authors: Putra Utama Rinol , Nedi Syahril , Tanjung Afrizal
Published: May 2020

This research was conducted in May 2018 in the waters of Teluk Buo, Padang, West Sumatra. The purpose of this study was to determine the environmental quality of the Teluk Buo waters, especially to determine the abundance of macrozoobenthos and determine the relationship between sediment organic matter and abundance of macrozoobenthos. The method used in this study is a survey method. The results of the study note that the waters of the Teluk Buo are included in the medium polluted criteria with a diversity index (H ') ranging from 2.18-3.43, dominance index (C) 0.10-0.32 and uniformity index (e) 0.51-0,78. Abundance ranges from 80-240 ind/m2 with the number of macrozoobenthos species found there are 9 species of gastropods and 5 species of bivalves. The relationship of sediment organic matter content to macrozoobenthos abundance was included in the moderate criteria with a correlation coefficient (r) -0.382.
EFFECTIVITY OF EXTRACT LEAF, FRUIT, ROOT MANGROVE Avecennia marina ON Aedes aegypti
Authors: Eriani Eti , Effendi Irwan , Yoswaty Dessy
Published: May 2020

Inhibiting the life of the Aedes aegypti mosquito is the mian way that is done to eradicate DBF, which is popularly done by chemically synthetic insecticides can be used air pollution and poisoning of humans so it needs safer natural incecticides such as compounds derived from mangrove plants. Mangrove Avecennia marina contains saponis, flavonoids, and alkaloids can act as stomach poisons resulting in larval death. The study was conducted in Februari-Maret 2019. The purpose of the study was to deteremine the efectiveness of extracts of leaves, fruit Avecennia marina mangrove root that quickly inhibit the growth of Aedes aegypyi larvae. The method used was the experimental method, the location of the research sample taking in Kayu Ara Village, Siak Riau Province. Results showed the mangrove leaves at a concentration of 12% mosquito larvae deaths reached 99 tails in the 120th minute, results showed the mangrove fruit at a concentration of 12% mosquito larvae deaths reached 96 tails in the 120th minute, Results showed the mangrove root at a concentration of 12% mosquito larvae deaths reached 85 tails in the 120th minute, analyzed using probit analysis to obtain LC50 (Lethal Concentration 50) and LT50 (Lethal Time 50) values. The LC50 probit analysis velue is estimate leaves 2.721, estimate fruit 1.584 dan estimate root 1,232. Whereas at LT50 estimate leaves 2.841, fruit 1.579, root 1.115.
POTENTIAL MICROALGA Chlorella vulgaris FOR BIOREMEDIATION OF HEAVY METAL Pb
Authors: Halima Asyatul , Nursyirwani Nursyirwani , Effendi Irwan , Ambarsar Hanies
Published: May 2020

This research was conducted from April to July 2019 at the Center for Environmental Technology Laboratory (PTL), Geostech 820 Building, Serpong Region Puspitek, South Tangerang. The aim of this research was to determin growth of Chlorella vulgaris on media added with Pb at different concentrations, and to determine the ability to absorb Pb. The experimental method was conducted by using concentrations of Pb at 3 different levels consisting of 1 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm in triplicate and control treatment without the addition of Pb. Each sample was analyzed by ICP-OES (Inductivly Coupled Plasma – Optical Emission Spectrometer). Data was analyzed by using ANOVA followed by LSD test. The growth of C. vulgaris biomass during the cultivation were Pb 1 ppm (10.38 g / l), k (9.10 g / l), Pb 5 ppm (8.36 g/l) and Pb 10 ppm (7.13) g/l). ANOVA test showed that different concentrations of Pb gave a very significant difference (Sig. <0.05) on the growth of C. vulgaris. Reduction in the concentration of Pb metal in culture media were Pb 10 ppm (96.8%), Pb 5 ppm (96.2%), Pb 1 ppm (90%) and there is no Pb found in control. ANOVA test results showed that C. vulgaris had a very significant effect (Sig. <0.05) on the decrease of Pb metal concentration. This shows that C. vulgaris has the capacity as bioremediation of Pb with different concentrations.
DESCRIPTION OF LEUKOCYT OF SIAM PATIN FISH (Pangasius hypophthalmus) THAT FEED BY ADDITION OF HARUMANIS MANGO SEEDS (Mangifera indica L.)
Authors: Syaieba Mutiara , Lukistyowati Iesje , Syawal Henni
Published: May 2020

Harumanis mango seed (Mangifera indica L.) is a natural ingredient that can be used as an immunostimulant. The phytochemical content in harumanis mango seeds (M. indica L.) include tannins, flavonoids, saponins and ascorbic acid. This study aims to get the best dose of adding harumanis mango seed solution (M. indica L.) to the feed. The method used was an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of one factor with four treatment levels which included P0 without the addition of harumanis mango seed solution, P1 addition of harumanis mango seed solution at a dose of 1.6 mL/Kg of feed, P2 addition harumanis mango seed solution at a dose of 1.8 mL/Kg of feed and P3 addition of harumanis mango seed solution at a dose of 2 mL/Kg of feed. Test fish used were Siamese catfish (P. hypophthalmus) measuring 8-12 cm which were kept in cages for 60 days. The results showed that administration of harumanis mango seed solution to feed affected the image of leukocytes of Siamese catfish (P. hypophthalmus) (P < 0,05). The best dose is in the treatment of P3 (2 mL/Kg of feed) with an average total leukocytes 9.76 x 104 cells/mm3, leukocrit levels of 1.67%, lymphocytes 82.00%, neutrophils 7.67%, monocytes 10, 33%, phagocytic activity 31.67% and absolute weight growth of 37.70 g, and 95% survival.
ANALYSIS CONCENTRATION OF SURFACTANT ANIONIC AND THE RELATION WITH DIATOM ABUNDANCE IN BUNGUS WATER, PADANG WEST SUMATERA
Authors: Rukiana  , Nedi Syahril , Nurachmi Irvina
Published: May 2020

This research aims to analyze  surfactant anionic concentration and diatom abundance that has been implemented at May 2018 in Bungus rivers, Padang.  This Research were conducted in survey method, four station were eshtablished with three replication of each sampling station. Analysis of surfactant anionic and diatom content was done at Chemistry Oceanography Laboratory and diatom identification was performed at Biology Oceanography Laboratory. The results showed that surfactant content in the waters ranged from 0,309-0,773 ppm and diatom abundance based on laboratory test on ranged 40,7407-81,4815 Ind/l. The correlation of surfactant and diatom content in waters by using linear regression y = Y = 94.56 -66.8x with correlation coefficient r = 0,809 and correlation  water quality parameters with diatom abundance by using multiple linear regression Y= 787,189 -238,828X1 -9,032X2 -6,185X3 +5,371X4 +303,081X5 -35,631X6 with determination regression 0,995 and correlation coefficient r = 0,997.
ANALYSIS OF NITRATE CONCENTRATION, PHOSPHATE AND SILICATE RELATIONSHIP WITH THE ABUNDANCE OF PLANKTONIC DIATOMS IN MERAL WATERS, KARIMUN DISTRICT
Authors: Rozalina  , Nedi Syahril , Nurachmi Irvina
Published: May 2020

Input of nutrients into the waters from various human activities (residential and industry) has the potential to cause changes in the physical, chemical and biological conditions of the waters. The study aims to determine the relationship of concentrations of nitrate, phosphate and silicate with the abundance of diatoms in the Meral waters. The method used is the survey method, the determination of the location of sampling is done by purposive sampling, data analysis (multiple regression). Based in the results of laboratory analysis nitrate concentrations ranged from 0,033 – 0,051mg/l, the phosphate concentration ranged from 0,076 – 0,086 mg/l, and silicate concentration ranged from 0,043 – 0,052 mg/l. The abundance of diatoms in Tanjung Tiram waters ranged from 90,3 – 208,3 ind/l. The results of statistical analysis of the relationship of nitrate, phosphate and silicate with the abundance of diatoms are expressed in terms of equation y = 58,460 + 904,562Nitrate – 251,562phosphate + 1573,489Silicate. This statement explains the concentration of nitrate, silicate positive (+) to the abundance of diatoms and phosphate related negative (-) to the abundance of diatoms. This condition shows that the nutrient concentration in these waters is relatively high so that it affects the abundance of diatoms.
Evaluating Quality of Life of Parents Having a Child with Disability
Authors: Ban Rita Kumari , Luitel Iswari , Regmi Kalpana
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Disability is the condition of difficulty in carrying out daily activities normally and in taking part in social life due to problems in parts of the body and the physical system. Children with disabilities are one of the most marginalized and excluded groups in society. Facing daily discrimination in the form of negative attitudes, Estimates suggest that there are at least 93 million children with disabilities in the world, but numbers could be much higher.

Method: A descriptive-analytical research design was used to identify the quality of life of parents/caretakers having a child with disability/ies in Illam district. Systematic random sampling was used and collected data from 244 participants. World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief (WHOQOL-BREF) Questionnaire was adopted Association between the socio-demographic variables and four domains of WHOQOL was determined using one way ANOVA. In the end, multiple linear regression analysis was performed to find the predictors of domains of WHOQOL and to control the confounding effect.

Results: The quality of parents having a child with a disability has a good quality of life in a social relationship mean 15.6±1.3.The physical domain is weakly correlated with the social domain. There is a moderate positive correlation between psychosocial and social domains. Cognitive disability means the score was highest on the social domain that is 14.91and lowest on the physical domain (13.87).

Conclusion:  To improve the quality of life of parents, health care and welfare professionals should focus on particular people with higher age group, disadvantaged and marginalized groups illiterate, those who are unmarried, divorced or separated and those engaged in agriculture and carry out interventions aimed at improving their quality of life.

Keywords: Parents /caretaker, Quality of life, Children with disability
Effect of vitamin-E on cypermethrin induced toxicity in cerebral cortex of wistar albino rats: A histological study
Authors: Mahat Samyog , Jha Chandra Bhusan , Shrestha Shamsher , Koirala Sarun
Published: May 2020

Backgrounds: Cypermethrin, class II pyrethroid pesticides, is commonly used in the agricultural field and house pest controls. Cypermethrin leads to neurotoxicity by crossing the blood-brain barrier, inducing oxygen stress in brain tissue. Vitamin-E is an antioxidant, involving in protecting membrane stability against free radicals induced peroxidants. This study was conducted to see the protective effect of vitamin-E on cypermethrin induced toxicity.

Methodology: Fifty healthy Wistar albino rats of either sex weighing 150-200 grams were randomly selected & divided into five groups. Rats in first group served as control. Rats in second and fourth group were given cypermethrin orally at 20 mg/kg/BW for 14 and 28 days respectively. Rats in third and fifth group were give cypermethrin plus vitamin-E 2.5 ml/kg/BW orally for 14 and 28 days respectively. Rats were sacrificed and the brain was removed. Tissue processing was done. Histological analysis was carried out and statistical analysis was performed by the use of SPSS.

Result: Cypermethrin treated rats showed decreased body and brain weight with severe neuronal vacuolation and decrease glial cell. While cypermethrin plus vitamin-E treated group showed increased body and brain weight, with normal glial cell and mild neuronal changes were observed.

Conclusion: Cypermethrin in combination with vitamin-E minimized its harmful effect which was evidenced by improving body and brain weight gain and histological changes.
Burnout In Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgeons of Nepal
Authors: Maharjan Dipendra , Sinha Ritesh , Shah Rajesh Pratap , Magar Shusil Rana
Published: May 2020

Background: Burnout is a syndrome, which consists of detachment from patients and colleagues, emotional tiredness and lack of achievements in personal life. Freudenberger HJ coined the term “burnout” in the 1970s and categorized into three categories namely depersonalization, emotional exhaustion, and personal achievement. Since then there has been a lot of research on the effects of stress, work or emotion, on behavior and in professional life. Surgeons are particularly exposed to burnout and more common than in the general population and have been found that burnout in the orthopaedic surgeon is more than in any other specialty. There is a high level of dissatisfaction in orthopedic surgeons in Nepal, who are emotionally harassed and tired of lack of achievements. There was research on burnout and over orthopedic surgeons in different countries but there was no research on burnout and no studies were conducted in orthopedic surgeons of Nepal. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the burnout level of orthopaedic surgeons in Nepal.

Methods: An observational transverse contacted survey among Nepalese orthopaedic and trauma surgeons by voluntary sample technique was conducted in Kathmandu Nepal between September 2018 - August 2019; using a self-administered questionnaire in digital as well as the printed form that was based on the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Demographic and occupational data were also collected.

Results: Out of all contacted surgeons, 34 responded. The mean age was 35 and all were male. Almost everyone showed a high level of emotional exhaustion (94%), depersonalization (100%) and only 32% showed a high level of personal achievement.

Conclusion: Burnout syndrome is consisting of depersonalization, emotional exhaustion, and personal achievements and showed a frightening level of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and a satisfactory level of personal achievements.
Utilization of antenatal care services and factors affecting antenatal care visits in Pokhara sub-metropolitan city
Authors: Paudel Sabita , Paudel Tarun , Sanjel Seshananda
Published: May 2020

Background: In context of Nepal, although pregnant women from city areas contribute to maternal mortality, evidence of the study of utilization of antenatal care services and factors affecting antenatal care visits (ANC) are focused in rural areas where health institutions are not easily available. The objective of this study was to identify ANC services utilization by eligible women in Pokhara sub-metropolitan city.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted applying face to face interviews with 240 eligible women bearing at least one youngest child below the age of two years. A structured and semi-structured questionnaire was used after translating into the Nepali language and pretesting it in the field. Data entered in Microsoft excel were transferred in SPSS (Statistical package for social sciences) version 21 and analysis were carried out. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were computed. The significance was set at the 0.05 level.

Results: Approximately 97.0% of women had visited ANC during their recent pregnancy and about 56.0% of women had ≥4 ANC visits. The majority (80.3%) of the women used to seek ANC checkups during their first trimester and nearly half (49.0%) of the respondents belonged to the younger age of 15-19 years. Women’s (99.0%) and her husbands’ (86.0%) educational level significantly impacted ANC visits. Women having fewer numbers of children (98.0%) and the nuclear family (99.0%) had significantly higher ANC visits. Husbands’and mother-in-laws’ encouragement to go for ANC visits was significantly higher. All of the above-mentioned parameters were statistically significant at p< 0.05 level.

Conclusions: There was variation in ANC service taking as per the encouragement from the husband and mother-in-law of the woman. Hence, awareness programs targeting husband and mother-in-law regarding the importance of ANC services are suggested. Conduction of detailed study in the future to explore the quality of services is recommended.