bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Cooperative Predictive Control Approach to Improve the Reconfiguration Stability of Adaptive Distributed Parallel Applications
Authors: Mencagli Gabriele , Vanneschi Marco , Vespa Emanuele
Published: March 2014

Adaptiveness in distributed parallel applications is a key feature to provide satisfactory performance results in the face of unexpected events such as workload variations and time-varying user requirements. The adaptation process is based on the ability to change specific characteristics of parallel components (e.g., their parallelism degree) and to guarantee that such modifications of the application configuration are effective and durable. Reconfigurations often incur a cost on the execution (a performance overhead and/or an economic cost). For this reason advanced adaptation strategies have become of paramount importance. Effective strategies must achieve properties like control optimality (making decisions that optimize the global application QoS), reconfiguration stability expressed in terms of the average time between consecutive reconfigurations of the same component, and optimizing the reconfiguration amplitude (number of allocated/deallocated resources). To control such parameters, in this article we propose a method based on a Cooperative Model-based Predictive Control approach in which application controllers cooperate to make optimal reconfigurations and taking account of the durability and amplitude of their control decisions. The effectiveness and the feasibility of the methodology is demonstrated through experiments performed in a simulation environment and by comparing it with other existing techniques.
Rate-limiting state
Authors: Vixie Paul
Published: March 2014

The edge of the Internet is an unruly place.
MOOCs revisited, with some policy suggestions
Authors: Cusumano Michael A.
Published: March 2014

Assessing the rapidly evolving realm of massive open online courses.
Small data, where n = me
Authors: Estrin Deborah
Published: March 2014

Seeking personalized data-derived insights from analysis of our digital traces.
Low-power scheduling with DVFS for common RTOS on multicore platforms
Authors: Li Shuai , Broekaert Florian
Published: March 2014

This paper is on a low-power real-time scheduler integrated into a common Linux operating system. The low-power scheduler aims at reducing energy consumption in a system and uses Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) to achieve its goal. The developed solution was implemented as a layer above the Linux OS scheduler. A framework was also developed to integrate the scheduler above Linux without modifying the kernel. We investigate the advantages, challenges, and viability of such a solution in the real-time embedded systems domain.
First occurrence of the non-native bryozoan Schizoporella japonica Ortmann (1890) in Western Europe
Authors: RYLAND JOHN S. , HOLT ROHAN , LOXTON JENNIFER
Published: March 2014

Schizoporella japonica Ortmann was described from Japan but was subsequently introduced on Pacific oysters to the Pacific coast of North America, where it is now well established. In this paper we record it for the first time in European waters. The initial discovery was in a marina at Holyhead, North Wales, in July 2010 but S. japonica has since been observed abundantly in the Orkney Islands (from May 2011) and, subsequently, at other localities in northern Scotland. Introduction seems most likely to have been on an ocean-going vessel. The British material is here fully described and illustrated with SEMs and colour photographs; some unusual characters are discussed. Unlike other recently introduced bryozoans, S. japonica is a cold-water species and its breeding season in Britain extends through the winter. Extensive confusion between this and other species of Schizoporella on the west coast of Canada and the USA led us to make thorough morphometric comparisons between the species concerned (Schizoporella unicornis (Johnston in Wood), Schizoporella errata (Waters) and Schizoporella pseudoerrata Soule, Soule and Chaney). Zooid size in cheilostomate bryozoans is variable and often an unreliable character for species separation but shape (and therefore ratios between variables, which are independent of size) are often valuable: S. japonica zooids have a much greater length:width ratio than the other species. Density of frontal pseudopores provides a useful discriminatory character. Schizoporella unicornis, repeatedly reported in error from the Pacific coast of North America, does not occur there; it is a European species. Full comparisons are made between S. japonica and S. unicornis for European identification and between S. japonica, S. errata and S. pseudoerrata (which are also illustrated) for North American localities.
A contribution to Macrolasia Weise (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Epilachnini)
Authors: SZAWARYN KAROL , TOMASZEWSKA WIOLETTA
Published: March 2014

A detailed morphological re-description of the Indian genus Macrolasia Weise, 1903 is given. First drawings of genitalia, SEMs and color photographs are included. A distribution map of the genus Macrolasia is provided. A lectotype of Macrolasia arcula Weise is designated.
The Effect of Stereotype Threat on Group Versus Individual Performance
Authors: Aramovich Nicholas P.
Published: March 2014

Stereotype threat has been one of the most studied topics in social psychology in recent years. This research shows that subtle reminders of stereotypes about one’s social category hurt task performance—an effect replicated across several stereotypes and performance domains. Despite extensive research on individual performance, it is unknown how stereotype threat affects group performance. A question of theoretical and practical importance is whether people who face a common stereotype can overcome it by working together. To answer this question, an experiment was conducted comparing the performance of individual women and groups of women on a math/logic problem when faced with a stereotype threat. Results indicated that when facing a stereotype threat, groups outperformed the best individuals and performed just as well as non-threatened groups. This effect was due to threatened groups avoiding problem-solving errors. The implications for understanding group versus individual performance when facing stereotype threats are discussed.
Evaluating Group Member Behaviour Under Individualist and Collectivist Norms
Authors: Hagger Martin S. , Rentzelas Panagiotis , Koch Severine
Published: March 2014

Research has shown that people in group contexts prefer group members who display collectivist as opposed to individualist behavior, but that preference is attenuated when the prevailing group norm prescribes individualism. The present study investigated this effect in people from a predominantly individualist or collectivist cultural background. Due to their greater sensitivity to contextual social cues, individuals from a collectivist background were expected to give more polarized evaluations of group members than individuals from an individualist background. Group member evaluations were gathered in samples from a collectivist and an individualist background, manipulating the prevailing group norm (individualist or collectivist) and the behavior of a hypothetical group member (individualist or collectivist). The previously observed attenuation effect in which people provided more positive evaluations of individualist behavior under an individualist, as opposed to a collectivist, group norm was found only in participants from a collectivist cultural background. Implications of our findings and the absence of an attenuation effect in the individualist sample are discussed.
Evaluating the Performance of a Novel Embedded Closed-loop System
Authors: Leelarathna Lalantha , Thabit Hood , Allen Janet M. , Nodale Marianna , Wilinska Malgorzata E. , Powell Kevin , Lane Stephen , Evans Mark L. , Hovorka Roman
Published: March 2014

Objective:

The objective was to assess the reliability of a novel automated closed-loop glucose control system developed within the AP@home consortium in adults with type 1 diabetes.

Research Design & Methods:

Eight adults with type 1 diabetes on insulin pump therapy (3 men; ages 40.5 ± 14.3 years; HbA1c 8.2 ± 0.8%) participated in an open-label, single-center, single-arm, 12-hour overnight study performed at the clinical research facility. A standardized evening meal (80 g CHO) accompanied by prandial insulin boluses were given at 19:00 followed by an optional snack of 15 g at 22:00 without insulin bolus. Automated closed-loop glucose control was started at 19:00 and continued until 07:00 the next day. Basal insulin delivery (Accu-Chek Spirit, Roche) was automatically adjusted by Cambridge model predictive control algorithm, running on a purpose-built embedded device, based on real-time continuous glucose monitor readings (Dexcom G4 Platinum).

Results:

Closed-loop system was operational as intended over 99% of the time. Overnight plasma glucose levels (22:00 to 07:00) were within the target range (3.9 to 8.0 mmol/l) for 75.4% (37.5, 92.9) of the time without any time spent in hypoglycemia (<3.9 mmol/l). Mean overnight glucose was 7.8 ± 1.3 mmol/l. For the entire 12-hour closed-loop period (19:00 until 07:00) plasma glucose levels were within the target range (3.9 to 10.0 mmol/l) for 84.4% (63.3, 100) of time. There were no adverse events noted during the trial.

Conclusions:

We observed a high degree of reliability of the automated closed-loop system. The time spent in target glucose level overnight was comparable to results of previously published studies. Further developments to miniaturize the system for home studies are warranted.
Pastoral counter-conducts: Religious resistance in Foucault’s genealogy of Christianity
Authors: Chrulew Matthew
Published: March 2014

The internal resistance to religious forms of power is often at issue in Michel Foucault’s genealogy of Christianity. For this anti-clerical Nietzschean, religion is, like science, always a battle over bodies and souls. In his 1978 Collège de France lectures, he traced the nature and descent of an apparatus of “pastoral power” characterized by confession, direction, obedience, and sacrifice. Governmental rationality, both individualizing and totalizing, is its modern descendant. At different moments, Foucault rather infamously opposed to the pastorate and governmentality such ethico-political spiritualities as the Iranian Revolution and ancient Greek ascesis, but he also took care to identify numerous forms of resistance specific and internal to Christianity itself. His lecture of 1 March 1978 outlined five examples of “insurrections of conduct”: “eschatology, Scripture, mysticism, the community, and ascesis.” I will detail Foucault’s analysis of pastoral counter-conducts, and explore how he sets up the nature and stakes of this tension within Christianity and its secular kin.
Oxidation contributes to low glutathione in the airways of children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Kettle Anthony J. , Turner Rufus , Gangell Catherine L. , Harwood D. Timothy , Khalilova Irada S. , Chapman Anna L. , Winterbourn Christine C. , Sly Peter D.
Published: March 2014

Glutathione is an important antioxidant in the lungs but its concentration is low in the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis. Whether this deficit occurs from an early age or how oxidative stress contributes to lowering glutathione is unknown.

We measured glutathione, its oxidation products, myeloperoxidase, and biomarkers of hypochlorous acid in bronchoalveolar lavage from children with cystic fibrosis and disease controls using mass spectrometry and immunological techniques.

The concentration of glutathione was lower in bronchoalveolar lavage from children with cystic fibrosis, whereas glutathione sulfonamide, a specific oxidation product of hypochlorous acid, was higher. Oxidised glutathione and glutathione sulfonamide correlated with myeloperoxidase and a biomarker of hypochlorous acid. The percentage of glutathione attached to proteins was higher in children with cystic fibrosis than controls. Pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis resulted in lower levels of glutathione but higher levels of oxidised glutathione and glutathione sulfonamide in bronchoalveolar lavage.

The concentration of glutathione is low in the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis from an early age. Increased oxidation of glutathione by hypochlorous acid and its attachment to proteins contribute to this deficiency. Therapies targeted against myeloperoxidase may boost antioxidant defence and slow the onset and progression of lung disease in cystic fibrosis.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Up-regulated miR-199a-5p in gastric cancer functions as an oncogene and targets klotho
Authors: He Xu-Jun , Ma Ying-Yu , Yu Sheng , Jiang Xiao-Ting , Lu Yi-Ding , Tao Liang , Wang Hua-Ping , Hu Zhi-Ming , Tao Hou-Quan
Published: March 2014

Background

Recent studies have shown that miR-199a-5p plays opposite roles in cancer initiation and progression of different cancer types, acting as oncogene for some cancer types but as tumor suppressor gene for others. However, the role and molecular mechanism of miR-199a-5p in gastric cancer are largely unknown.

Methods

In this study, miR-199a-5p expression level in gastric cancer was first analyzed by qPCRand then validated in 103 gastric cancer patients by in situ hybridization (ISH). Gastric cancer cell lines were transfected with miR-199a-5p inhibitor and mimic, and underwent in vitro transwell assays. Target genes (klotho) were identified using Luciferase reporter assay. Immunohistochemical staining was also used to investigate on how miR-199a-5p regulates the tumour-suppressive effects of klotho in gastric cancer.

Results

In our present study, we found that miR-199a-5p level was significantly increased in gastric cancer tissues compared to paired normal tissues. We observed that miR-199a-5p could promote migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. In situ hybridization of miR-199a-5p also confirmed that higher miR-199a-5p expression level was associated with increased likelihood of lymph node metastasis and later TNM stage. Luciferase reporter assay and immunohistochemistry revealed that klotho might be the downstream target of miR-199a-5p.

Conclusions

Our present study suggests that miR-199a-5p acts as an oncogene in gastric cancer and functions by targeting klotho.
Improving protein function prediction using domain and protein complexes in PPI networks
Authors: Peng Wei , Wang Jianxin , Cai Juan , Chen Lu , Li Min , Wu Fang-Xiang
Published: March 2014

Background

Characterization of unknown proteins through computational approaches is one of the most challenging problems in silico biology, which has attracted world-wide interests and great efforts. There have been some computational methods proposed to address this problem, which are either based on homology mapping or in the context of protein interaction networks.

Results

In this paper, two algorithms are proposed by integrating the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, proteins’ domain information and protein complexes. The one is domain combination similarity (DCS), which combines the domain compositions of both proteins and their neighbors. The other is domain combination similarity in context of protein complexes (DSCP), which extends the protein functional similarity definition of DCS by combining the domain compositions of both proteins and the complexes including them. The new algorithms are tested on networks of the model species of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to predict functions of unknown proteins using cross validations. Comparing with other several existing algorithms, the results have demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed methods in protein function prediction. Furthermore, the algorithm DSCP using experimental determined complex data is robust when a large percentage of the proteins in the network is unknown, and it outperforms DCS and other several existing algorithms.

Conclusions

The accuracy of predicting protein function can be improved by integrating the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, proteins’ domain information and protein complexes.
Positive effects of a novel non-peptidyl low molecular weight radical scavenger in renal ischemia/reperfusion: a preliminary report
Authors: Bassi Roberto , Vergani Andrea , D’Addio Francesca , Nasr Moufida Ben , Mocci Alessio , Rastaldi Maria Pia , Ichimura Takaharu , Bonventre Joseph Vincent , Fiorina Paolo
Published: March 2014

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is one of the most common causes of acute kidney injury. Reactive oxygen species have been recognized to be an important contributor to the pathogenesis of I/R injury. We hypothesize that a non-peptidyl low molecular weight radical scavenger (IAC) therapy may counteract this factor, ultimately providing some protection after acute phase renal I/R injury. The aim of this preliminary study was to assess the ability of IAC to reduce acute kidney injury in C57BL/6 mice after 30-minute of bilateral ischemia followed by reperfusion. The rise in serum creatinine level was higher in C57BL/6 control mice after I/R when compared to IAC (1 mg)-treated mice. Control mice showed greater body weight loss compared to IAC-treated mice, and at pathology, reduced signs of tubular necrosis were also evident in IAC-treated mice. These preliminary evidences lay the basis for more comprehensive studies on the positive effects of IAC as a complementary therapeutic approach for acute phase renal I/R injury.
Russia’s Transition to the Status of a Knowledge-Oriented Society and Youth Policy
Authors: Гусев Алексей , Gusev Aleksey
Published: March 2014

The article highlights the problems of knowledge-oriented society development in Russia. According to the communication development policy concept of the Russian Federation, communication / information policy is to be viewed in terms of Russia’s transformation into a knowledge/information-oriented society. The concept identifies three priority areas and top goals which are major challenges to the process of building up a knowledge/information-oriented society, namely: (1) the development and implementation of a requisite technology base; (2) Russia’s close international cooperation in creating its strategy for a transition to a status of a knowledge/information-oriented society; (3) creating the social, economic and cultural conditions to facilitate the process of transition. The concept holds that the success of the transition towards a knowledge/ information-oriented society is dependent on the knowledge/information readiness of the society. The authors analyses the documentation and literature dealing with the stages of creating the concept of the state youth policy of RF and identifies the role of communication/information policy for the state youth policy as well as its newly-acquired features that evolved in response to globalization and knowledge/informationoriented society development. The author concludes that the informational localization of Russia’s younger population is accounted for by (1) the hard factors of their lifestyle, which coupled with high regional diversity and differentiation breed a great variety of thesauri, and (2) cementing network communities, which enable their members to satisfy their informational needs independently of the state or social structures.
Academic Bachelor and Bachelor of Applied Arts/Sciences in the System of Higher Education
Authors: Ананьева Татьяна , Ananeva Tatyana , Илюхина Галина , Ilyukhina Galina
Published: March 2014

The article considers the changes in the higher education setting which are designed to improve the efficiency

and quality of undergraduate students’ expertise against the background of a comprehensive transition

toward effecting contracting and the introduction of ‘academic’ and application-oriented bachelor degrees.

The authors also provide the structure and content of the bachelor-degree Federal state educational

standards of higher professional education.
Academic Mobility of Russian HE students (Case study: Russian State University of Tourism and Service)
Authors: Варламова Анна , Varlamova Anna
Published: March 2014

With the process of European Integration of Higher education under way and the Russian Federation

building up social, political, economic and cultural relations with its European partners, the development

of intraurban, domestic and international academic mobility of Russian HE student is gaining momentum,

attracting increasing numbers of HE institutions.

The article analyses student academic mobility, focusing on the concepts of ‘mobility’ and ‘academic

mobility’ as well as the students’ stance on academic mobility and the state policy in regard to the

phenomenon. The author researches the dynamics of the Russian State University of Tourism and Service student participation in mobility schemes and presents the data collected in the course of a theme pilot testing

surveying undergraduate and post-graduate students of the targeted university.
On Introducing Competence-Building-Based Approach in Education
Authors: Дмитриева Нина , Dmitrieva Nina
Published: March 2014

The article analyses the issues of modern professional education and reveals the basic differences between

academic education and holistic education, referred to as ‘competence-building’. The article touches upon

the Bologna Process and its implications in terms of student, faculty and educational advisor adaptation.

The author dwells upon the principal competence constituents, and the optimization opportunities that the

competence building approach offers for effective personnel management. Finally, the article substantiates

that business training proves to be a highly efficient instrument of compensating for the shortcomings of

modern professional education.
Rural Youth: Vocational Education and Employment
Authors: Калинюк  , Kalinyuk Yu. , Пальянов  , Palyanov M. , Балахнина  , Balakhnina S.
Published: March 2014

Issues of vocational education for rural youth are discussed. The urgency of organizing vocational training in rural areas is accented in the context for

further employment prospects for the rural youth.
Notch Fracture Toughness Evaluation for a Brittle Graphite Material
Authors: Torabi A. R. , Berto F.
Published: March 2014

First, several disc-type test samples weakened by a central bean-shaped slit with two U-shaped ends, called U-notched Brazilian disc (UNBD) specimens, made of commercial graphite, were prepared. Four notch tip radii were considered in the tests. Then, a monotonic compressive load was diametrally applied to each sample along the slit, resulting in pure mode I loading. After sudden fracture, the fracture loads were recorded and converted into the corresponding values of the notch fracture toughness (NFT) KIρ,c. The main advantage of the UNBD specimen is that the NTF test can be easily conducted without using complicated fixtures. The well-established brittle fracture model, namely the strain energy density (SED) over a specified control volume, which embraces the notch edge, was employed to estimate the fracture loads theoretically. A good agreement was found between experimental and theoretical results. Under Mode I loading, the SED and the NFT are linked by a simple relationship providing a powerful tool for the fracture assessment of different specimens and structural components weakened by notches.
Epigenetic background of the most common non-oncologic gynecological diseases
Authors: Joó József Gábor , Csatlós Éva , Brubel Réka , Bokor Attila , Karabélyos Csaba , Rigó jr. János
Published: March 2014

Epigenetic effects influence the function of genes regulating the main physiological mechanisms. Some of these environmental factors may reduce or inhibit the function of these genes. The environmental effects on gene function may result in a change of the DNA structure leading to non-heritable phenotype changes. Epigenetic factors play an important etiological role in the development of numerous diseases in obstetrics and gynecology. Uterine fibroids probably have a complex etiological background including epigenetic mechanisms. The multifactorial aetiology of endometriosis suggests key roles for immunological and hormonal factors in the development of the diseases. These mechanisms are influenced by epigenetic factors, which may serve as therapeutic targets in the future. The possible in utero origin of polycystic ovary syndrome determines the main directions of research concerning epigenetic factors in the etiological background, with the hope of eventual prevention and/or treatment in the preconceptional period as well as during pregnancy care. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(13), 492–499.
Potential relevance of microRNAs in the diagnostics of inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Igaz Iván , Szőnyi Mihály , Varga Patrícia , Topa Lajos
Published: March 2014

Inflammatory bowel diseases are chronic inflammatory disorders characterized by relapses and remissions. Several factors have been suggested to participate in their development, although their detailed pathogenesis still remains largely unknown. MicroRNAs are single strained, non-coding RNAs, consisting of 18–25 nucleotides that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Aberrant expression of microRNAs has been found in several malignant tumors. Recently the role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of inflammatory-autoimmune disorders (such as inflammatory bowel disease) is being intensively investigated. Beside their pathogenic roles, microRNAs can also be exploited as diagnostic markers, especially in cases where the interpretation of histological data is difficult. In this review the authors discuss recent findings in the field of microRNAs in the diagnosis and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(13), 487–491.
Some aspects of AIIIBV and AIIBVI growth
Authors: Rabinovich Oleg
Published: March 2014

Nanoisland films have been grown via incongruent evaporation films. The basis of incongruent evaporation growth method was worked out. Samples surface morphology has been studied by atomic force microscopy. The surface density and characteristic dimensions of the islands have been shown.
NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE IN SEVERE OBESE PATIENTS, SUBJECTED TO BARIATRIC SURGERY
Authors: LOSEKANN Alexandre , WESTON Antonio Carlos , CARLI Luis Alberto de , ESPINDOLA Marilia Bittencourt , PIONER Sergio Ricardo , CORAL Gabriela Perdomo
Published: March 2014

ContextNonalcoholic fatty liver disease encompasses a spectrum of histopathological changes that range from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Works suggest that iron (Fe) deposits in the liver are involved in the physiopathology of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of simple steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with morbid obesity, subjected to bariatric surgery and to establish a correlation of the anatomopathological findings with the presence of liver fibrosis.MethodsA total of 250 liver biopsies were conducted in the transoperation of the surgeries.ResultsSteatosis was present in 226 (90.4%) of the samples, 76 (30.4%) being classified as mild; 71 (28.4%) as moderate and 79 (31.6%) as intense. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis was diagnosed in 176 (70.4%) cases, where 120 (48.4%) were mild; 50 (20%) were moderate, and 6 (2.4%) cases were intense. Fibrosis was referred to in 108 (43.2%) biopsies, 95 of which (38%) were mild; 2 (0.8%) were moderate; 7 (2.8%) were intense, and cirrhosis was diagnosed in 4 (1.6%) cases. There was a correlation between the degree of steatosis and the level of inflammatory activity (rs = 0.460;P<0.001) and between the degree of this activity and the degree of fibrosis (rs = 0.583;P<0.001). Only 13 (5.2%) samples showed Fe deposits.ConclusionThere is a high prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in these patients and a positive correlation of the degrees of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with the intensity of fibrosis. The low prevalence of Fe deposits found makes it questionable that the presence of this ion has any participation in the physiopathogeny of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Can ultrasound guidance reduce the risk of pneumothorax following thoracentesis?
Authors: Perazzo Alessandro , Gatto Piergiorgio , Barlascini Cornelius , Ferrari-Bravo Maura , Nicolini Antonello
Published: March 2014

OBJECTIVE: Thoracentesis is one of the bedside procedures most commonly associated with iatrogenic complications, particularly pneumothorax. Various risk factors for complications associated with thoracentesis have recently been identified, including an inexperienced operator; an inadequate or inexperienced support team; the lack of a standardized protocol; and the lack of ultrasound guidance. We sought to determine whether ultrasound-guided thoracentesis can reduce the risk of pneumothorax and improve outcomes (fewer procedures without fluid removal and greater volumes of fluid removed during the procedures). In our comparison of thoracentesis with and without ultrasound guidance, all procedures were performed by a team of expert pulmonologists, using the same standardized protocol in both conditions. METHODS: A total of 160 participants were randomly allocated to undergo thoracentesis with or without ultrasound guidance (n = 80 per group). The primary outcome was pneumothorax following thoracentesis. Secondary outcomes included the number of procedures without fluid removal and the volume of fluid drained during the procedure. RESULTS: Pneumothorax occurred in 1 of the 80 patients who underwent ultrasound-guided thoracentesis and in 10 of the 80 patients who underwent thoracentesis without ultrasound guidance, the difference being statistically significant (p = 0.009). Fluid was removed in 79 of the 80 procedures performed with ultrasound guidance and in 72 of the 80 procedures performed without it. The mean volume of fluid drained was larger during the former than during the latter (960 ± 500 mL vs. 770 ± 480 mL), the difference being statistically significant (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound guidance increases the yield of thoracentesis and reduces the risk of post-procedure pneumothorax. (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry identifier: ChiCTR-TRC-12002174 [http://www.chictr.org/en/])
Factors related to the incorrect use of inhalers by asthma patients
Authors: Dalcin Paulo de Tarso Roth , Grutcki Denis Maltz , Laporte Paola Paganella , Lima Paula Borges de , Menegotto Samuel Millan , Pereira Rosemary Petrik
Published: March 2014

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate inhaler technique in outpatients with asthma and to determine associations between the correctness of that technique and the level of asthma control. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving patients > 14 years of age with physician-diagnosed asthma. The patients were recruited from the Asthma Outpatient Clinic of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. The patients completed two questionnaires (a general questionnaire and an asthma control questionnaire based on the 2011 Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines), demonstrated their inhaler technique, and performed pulmonary function tests. Incorrect inhaler technique was defined as the incorrect execution of at least two of the predefined steps. RESULTS: We included 268 patients. Of those, 81 (30.2%) showed incorrect inhaler technique, which was associated with poor asthma control (p = 0.002). Logistic regression analysis identified the following factors associated with incorrect inhaler technique: being widowed (OR = 5.01; 95% CI, 1.74-14.41; p = 0.003); using metered dose inhalers (OR = 1.58; 95% CI, 1.35-1.85; p < 0.001); having a monthly family income < 3 times the minimum wage (OR = 2.67; 95% CI, 1.35-1.85; p = 0.008), and having > 2 comorbidities (OR = 3.80; 95% CI, 1.03-14.02; p = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS: In the sample studied, incorrect inhaler technique was associated with poor asthma control. Widowhood, use of metered dose inhalers, low socioeconomic level, and the presence of > 2 comorbidities were associated with incorrect inhaler technique.
PLATINO, a nine-year follow-up study of COPD in the city of São Paulo, Brazil: the problem of underdiagnosis
Authors: Moreira Graciane Laender , Manzano Beatriz Martins , Gazzotti Mariana Rodrigues , Nascimento Oliver Augusto , Perez-Padilla Rogelio , Menezes Ana Maria Baptista , Jardim Jose Roberto
Published: March 2014

OBJECTIVE: To determine the underdiagnosis rate in new COPD cases at the end of a nine-year follow-up period-in the study designated "Projeto Latino-Americano de Investigação em Obstrução Pulmonar" (PLATINO, Latin-American Pulmonary Obstruction Investigation Project)-and compare that with the underdiagnosis rate during the initial phase of the study, as well as to identify the clinical features exhibited by the subjects who were not diagnosed until the end of the follow-up phase. METHODS: The study population comprised the 1,000 residents of the city of São Paulo, Brazil, who took part in the PLATINO study. Of those, 613 participated in the follow-up phase, during which the subjects were assessed with the same instruments and equipment employed in the initial phase of the study. We used the chi-square test or the independent sample t-test to analyze the underdiagnosis rate and to identify the characteristics of the subjects who were not diagnosed until the end of the follow-up phase. RESULTS: The underdiagnosis rate for new COPD cases at the end of the nine-year follow-up period was 70.0%. The underdiagnosis rate during the follow-up phase was 17.5% lower than that reported for the initial phase of the study. The subjects who were not diagnosed until the end of the follow-up phase presented with fewer respiratory symptoms, better pulmonary function, and less severe disease than did those previously diagnosed with COPD. CONCLUSIONS: The underdiagnosis rate for new COPD cases was lower in the follow-up phase of the study than in the initial phase. The subjects who were not diagnosed until the end of the follow-up phase of the PLATINO study presented with the same clinical profile as did those who were not diagnosed in the initial phase. These findings underscore the need for spirometry in order to confirm the diagnosis of COPD and provide early intervention.
Análise da parcela como unidade territorial do cadastro urbano brasileiro
Authors: Santos Juciela Cristina Dos , Farias Edla Siqueira De , Carneiro Andrea Flávia Tenório
Published: March 2014

Um dos princípios básicos do cadastro multifinalitário é a padronização da sua unidade territorial, uma vez que o compartilhamento de informações exige a adoção de uma unidade cadastral única. Situações de ordem prática, observadas em áreas rurais e urbanas, geram dúvidas quanto à aplicabilidade, no Brasil, do conceito de parcela como a menor unidade do cadastro e como uma porção do território com condições homogêneas de domínio. A partir destas observações, este artigo teve como objetivo avaliar a adoção do conceito de parcela, com base em sistemas internacionais e em casos práticos do cadastro brasileiro, utilizando como estudo de caso o cadastro de Arapiraca-AL. Os resultados indicaram que a consideração da parcela como uma porção do solo possuída por uma pessoa ou por várias pro indiviso é adequada e compatível com o conceito de condição homogênea de domínio. A pesquisa confirma ainda a viabilidade da adoção da parcela como menor unidade do cadastro, não admitindo, assim, a existência de subparcelas, mas objetos territoriais associados a estas parcelas, como orienta o documento Cadastro 2014.
Carbon stable isotopes as indicators of coastal eutrophication
Authors: Oczkowski Autumn , Markham Erin , Hanson Alana , Wigand Cathleen
Published: March 2014

Coastal ecologists and managers have frequently used nitrogen stable isotopes (δ15N) to trace and monitor sources of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) in coastal ecosystems. However, the interpretation of δ15N data can often be challenging, as the isotope values fractionate substantially due to preferential retention and uptake by biota. There is a growing body of evidence that carbon isotopes may be a useful alternative indicator for eutrophication, as they may be sensitive to changes in primary production that result from anthropogenic nutrient inputs. We provide three examples of systems where δ13C values sensitively track phytoplankton production. First, earlier (1980s) mesocosm work established positive relationships between δ13C and dissolved inorganic nitrogen and dissolved silica concentrations. Consistent with these findings, a contemporary mesocosm experiment designed to replicate a temperate intertidal salt marsh environment also demonstrated that the system receiving supplementary nutrient additions had higher nutrient concentrations, higher chlorophyll concentrations, and higher δ13C values. This trend was particularly pronounced during the growing season, with differences less evident during senescence. And finally, these results were replicated in the open waters of Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA, during a spring phytoplankton bloom. These three examples, taken together with the pre‐existing body of literature, suggest that, at least in autotrophic, phytoplankton‐dominated systems, δ13C values can be a useful and sensitive indicator of eutrophication.
Efficacy of Enamel Matrix Derivative With Freeze‐Dried Bone Allograft or Demineralized Freeze‐Dried Bone Allograft in Intrabony Defects: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Ogihara Shigeki , Tarnow Dennis P.
Published: March 2014

Background: Promising clinical outcomes have been reported with the combination of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) and allograft materials. Direct comparison between EMD with a freeze‐dried bone allograft (FDBA) and a demineralized FDBA (DFDBA) was evaluated in one case series study. To date, no randomized controlled trial has been reported. Therefore, a well‐controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted to determine the relative efficacy of EMD/FDBA versus EMD/DFDBA when managing intrabony defects.

Methods: A randomized parallel trial was conducted in a private practice from April 2004 to October 2011. Sixty‐nine patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups: EMD/FDBA (EF) intervention group (n = 23), EMD/DFDBA (ED) intervention group (n = 23), and EMD alone without graft material (E) as a negative control group (n = 23). All of the grafting material had minocycline added. Each patient had an intrabony defect. The primary outcomes were the absolute change in probing depth (PD) reduction and clinical attachment level (CAL) gain from baseline to 1‐ and 3‐year follow‐up. Intrabony defects were surgically treated with EMD/FDBA, EMD/DFDBA, or EMD alone.

Results: Sixty‐seven patients (EF, n = 21: ED, n = 23; E, n = 23) were analyzed. All groups demonstrated significant improvement in PD reduction and CAL gain from baseline. The changes for PD were as follows (mm, 95% confidence interval [CI]): at 1 year: EF (4.4 mm, 4.0 to 4.7), ED (3.7 mm, 3.4 to 4.0), and E (control) (3.3 mm, 3.0 to 3.6); at 3 years: EF (4.4 mm, 4.1 to 4.8), ED (3.7 mm, 3.4 to 4.0), and E (3.1 mm, 2.8 to 3.4). The changes for CAL were as follows (mm, 95% CI): at 1 year: EF (4.1 mm, 3.8 to 4.5), ED (3.5 mm, 3.0 to 4.0), and E (3.0 mm, 2.5 to 3.6); at 3 years: EF (4.2 mm, 3.7 to 4.7), ED (3.6 mm, 3.1 to 4.1), and E (3.0 mm, 2.5 to 3.5). The intervention groups (EF and ED) showed better treatment outcomes than the control group at 1 and 3 years. Statistically, the two bone‐graft groups were not significantly different from each other at 1 and 3 years.

Conclusions: Both EMD/FDBA and EMD/DFDBA interventions resulted in greater soft tissue improvement at 1 and 3 years of follow‐up compared to EMD alone. Both graft materials worked well in managing deep intrabony defects when combined with EMD.
Optimization of the bioactive compounds content in raspberry during freeze-drying using response surface method
Authors: Tumbas-Saponjac Vesna , Cetkovic Gordana , Stajcic Sladjana , Vulic Jelena , Canadanovic-Brunet Jasna , Djilas Sonja
Published: March 2014

The production of high-quality freeze-dried raspberry was studied by response
surface method. Two independent variables, temperature (X1) and time (X2)
were determined as the most important factors affecting the final product
quality estimated by the responses: total phenol (Y1), total anthocyanin
(Y2), vitamin C (Y3) and total bioactive compounds (Y4) content. A two-factor
central composite design was used for freeze-drying experiments. The second
order polynomial models obtained were found to be significant (p<0.05) for
all responses. The statistical analysis of experimental data indicated that
only quadratic time variable (X22) had significant (p<0.05) effect on all
responses. The optimal conditions for all responses combined were found to
be: -31 ?C and 35 h. The experimental values of all responses obtained under
optimal conditions were in good agreement with predicted values which enables
the use of the proposed mathematical models for optimization of investigated
process.
Emission of SO2 and SO42- from copper smelter and its influence on the level of total s in soil and moss in Bor and the surroundings
Authors: Serbula Snezana , Ţivkovic Dragana , Radojevic Ana , Kalinovic Tanja , Kalinovic Jelena
Published: March 2014

Bor and the surroundings (Eastern Serbia) have been known for exploitation
and processing of sulphide copper ores for more than 100 years. Emissions of
waste gases and particulate matter rich in heavy metals are characteristic
for pyrometallurgical production of copper. Long-term measurement results
(2005-2008) indicate an increased sulphur dioxide level in the
urban-industrial zone of Bor since it is closest to the copper smelter which
is a dominant source of air pollution in the studied area. Average annual
sulphur dioxide concentrations at four measuring sites in the
urban-industrial zone exceeded the maximum allowable value of 50 ?g/m3.
However the maximum allowable value of the total atmospheric depositions (200
mg/m2/day on an annual basis) exceeded only at two of 15 measuring sites in
the urban-industrial and rural zone. The highest annual deposition rate of
sulphates from deposition was detected in the urban-industrial zone. Since
the maximum permitted value for sulphates is not defined by the Serbian
Regulations, the extent of the pollution cannot be discussed. Since the
environment can continuously be polluted through the wet and dry deposition,
biomonitoring by moss was conducted, which revealed significantly higher
concentrations of total sulphur in moss in the urban-industrial zone,
compared to the background zone. The obtained results confirm the reliability
of moss as a bioindicator of ambient pollution. Higher total S concentration
in soil samples was noted at the rural site (Ostrelj) located in the close
vicinity of two tailing ponds.
Hyperspectral and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging for Early Detection of Plant Diseases, with Special Reference to Fusarium spec. Infections on Wheat
Authors: Bauriegel Elke , Herppich Werner
Published: March 2014

In recent years, market pressures have reinforced the demand to solve the problem of an increased occurrence of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in cereal production, especially in wheat. The symptoms of this disease are clearly detectable by means of image analysis. This technique can therefore be used to map occurrence and extent of Fusarium infections. From this perspective, a separate harvest in the field can be taken into consideration. Based on the application of chlorophyll fluorescence and hyperspectral imaging, characteristics, requirements and limitations of Fusarium detection on wheat, both in the field and in the laboratory, are discussed. While the modification of spectral signatures due to fungal infection allows its detection by hyperspectral imaging, the decreased physiological activity of tissues resulting from Fusarium impacts provides the base for CFI analyses. In addition, the two methods are compared in view of their usability for the detection of Fusarium, and different approaches for data analysis are presented.
Discharge Estimation in a Lined Canal Using Information Entropy
Authors: Chen Yen-Chang , Kuo June-Jein , Yu Sheng-Reng , Liao Yi-Jiun , Yang Han-Chung
Published: March 2014

This study applies a new method and technology to measure the discharge in a lined canal in Taiwan. An Acoustic Digital Current Meter mounted on a measurement platform is used to measure the velocities over the full cross-section for establishing the measurement method. The proposed method primarily employs Chiu’s Equation which is based on entropy to establish a constant ratio the relation between the maximum and mean velocities in an irrigation canal, and compute the maximum velocity by the observed velocity profile. In consequence, the mean velocity of the lined canal can be rapidly determined by the maximum velocity and the constant ratio. The cross-sectional area of the artificial irrigation canal can be calculated for the water stage. Finally, the discharge in the lined canal can be efficiently determined by the estimated mean velocity and the cross-sectional area. Using the data of discharges and stages collected in the Wan-Dan Canal, the correlation of stage and discharge is also developed for remote real-time monitoring and estimating discharge from the pumping station. Overall, Chiu’s Equation is demonstrated to reliably and accurately measure discharge in a lined canal, and can serve as reference for future calibration for a stage-discharge rating curve.
Transfer Entropy Expressions for a Class of Non-Gaussian Distributions
Authors: Jafari-Mamaghani Mehrdad , Tyrcha Joanna
Published: March 2014

Transfer entropy is a frequently employed measure of conditional co-dependence in non-parametric analysis of Granger causality. In this paper, we derive analytical expressions for transfer entropy for the multivariate exponential, logistic, Pareto (type I – IV) and Burr distributions. The latter two fall into the class of fat-tailed distributions with power law properties, used frequently in biological, physical and actuarial sciences. We discover that the transfer entropy expressions for all four distributions are identical and depend merely on the multivariate distribution parameter and the number of distribution dimensions. Moreover, we find that in all four cases the transfer entropies are given by the same decreasing function of distribution dimensionality.
Day-Ahead Energy Planning with 100% Electric Vehicle Penetration in the Nordic Region by 2050
Authors: Liu Zhaoxi , Wu Qiuwei , Nielsen Arne , Wang Yun
Published: March 2014

This paper presents the day-ahead energy planning of passenger cars with 100% electric vehicle (EV) penetration in the Nordic region by 2050. EVs will play an important role in the future energy systems which can both reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the transport sector and provide the demand side flexibility required by smart grids. On the other hand, the EVs will increase the electricity consumption. In order to quantify the electricity consumption increase due to the 100% EV penetration in the Nordic region to facilitate the power system planning studies, the day-ahead energy planning of EVs has been investigated with different EV charging scenarios. Five EV charging scenarios have been considered in the energy planning analysis which are: uncontrolled charging all day, uncontrolled charging at home, timed charging, spot price based charging all day and spot price based charging at home. The demand profiles of the five charging analysis show that timed charging is the least favorable charging option and the spot priced based EV charging might induce high peak demands. The EV charging demand will have a considerable share of the energy consumption in the future Nordic power system.