bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The development of an online intervention (Care Assist) to support male caregivers of women with breast cancer: a protocol for a mixed methods study
Authors: Levesque Janelle V , Gerges Martha , Girgis Afaf
Published: February 2018

Introduction

It is projected that 17 730 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer in Australia in 2017, with 3114 of these predicted to be fatal. Caregiving for a person with cancer can significantly impact caregivers’ physical and mental health. Many caregivers feel ill-prepared for this role, especially when care involves complex medical needs accompanied by the psychological challenges experienced following a cancer diagnosis.

Methods and analysis

This study employs a convergent, parallel, mixed methods design combining an online survey with an optional interview. Eligible, consenting participants will be invited to participate in a survey to examine (1) participants’ unmet needs, (2) challenges experienced throughout the cancer journey, (3) perceived self-efficacy to determine participants’ level of confidence in undertaking caregiver tasks, (4) views regarding suitable content to include in a caregiver training intervention, (5) preferred method of intervention delivery (ie, website, smartphone application and/or interactive video), and (6) preferences for the timing of delivery of the intervention content (ie, ability to choose a module, access to the entire content or have a set order in which they receive the information). Caregivers will be eligible to participate if they (1) are male, (2) have previously cared for or are currently caring for a woman with breast cancer, (3) are aged over 18 years, and (4) do not currently suffer from a cognitive impairment or mental health condition (ie, depression, anxiety). Data analysis will include examination of differences in psychological outcomes and needs based on demographic variables, and mediation analysis to explore whether self-efficacy mediates the relationship between challenges, unmet needs and distress. Qualitative data will be analysed using thematic analysis.

Ethics and dissemination

The study was reviewed and approved by two human research ethics committees within Australia. We anticipate two to three publications may be developed from the study.
Comparison and validation of screening tools for substance use in pregnancy: a cross-sectional study conducted in Maryland prenatal clinics
Authors: Coleman-Cowger Victoria H , Oga Emmanuel A , Peters Erica N , Trocin Kathleen , Koszowski Bartosz , Mark Katrina
Published: February 2018

Introduction

Prescription-drug use in the USA has increased by more than 60% in the last three decades. Prevalence of prescription-drug use among pregnant women is currently estimated around 50%. Prevalence of illicit drug use in the USA is 14.6% among pregnant adolescents, 8.6% among pregnant young adults and 3.2% among pregnant adults. The first step in identifying problematic drug use during pregnancy is screening; however, no specific substance-use screener has been universally recommended for use with pregnant women to identify illicit or prescription-drug use. This study compares and validates three existing substance-use screeners for pregnancy—4 P’s Plus, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Quick Screen/Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) and the Substance Use Risk Profile-Pregnancy (SURP-P) scale.

Methods and analysis

This is a cross-sectional study designed to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and usability of existing substance-use screeners. Recruitment occurs at two obstetrics clinics in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. We are recruiting 500 participants to complete a demographic questionnaire, NIDA Quick Screen/ASSIST, 4 P’s Plus and SURP-P (ordered randomly) during their regularly scheduled prenatal appointment, then again 1 week later by telephone. Participants consent to multidrug urine testing, hair drug testing and allowing access to prescription drug and birth outcome data from electronic medical records. For each screener, reliability and validity will be assessed. Test–retest reliability analysis will be conducted by examining the results of repeated screener administrations within 1 week of original screener administrations for consistency via correlation analysis. Furthermore, we will assess if there are differences in the validity of each screener by age, race and trimester.

Ethics and dissemination

This study is approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Maryland (HP-00072042), Baltimore, and Battelle Memorial Institute (0619–100106433). All participants are required to give their informed consent prior to any study procedure.
Visual–motor integration and fine motor skills at 6½ years of age and associations with neonatal brain volumes in children born extremely preterm in Sweden: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Bolk Jenny , Padilla Nelly , Forsman Lea , Broström Lina , Hellgren Kerstin , Åden Ulrika
Published: February 2018

Objectives

This exploratory study aimed to investigate associations between neonatal brain volumes and visual–motor integration (VMI) and fine motor skills in children born extremely preterm (EPT) when they reached 6½ years of age.

Setting

Prospective population-based cohort study in Stockholm, Sweden, during 3 years.

Participants

All children born before gestational age, 27 weeks, during 2004–2007 in Stockholm, without major morbidities and impairments, and who underwent MRI at term-equivalent age.

Main outcome measures

Brain volumes were calculated using morphometric analyses in regions known to be involved in VMI and fine motor functions. VMI was assessed with The Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual–Motor Integration—sixth edition and fine motor skills were assessed with the manual dexterity subtest from the Movement Assessment Battery for Children—second edition, at 6½ years. Associations between the brain volumes and VMI and fine motor skills were evaluated using partial correlation, adjusted for total cerebral parenchyma and sex.

Results

Out of 107 children born at gestational age <27 weeks, 83 were assessed at 6½ years and 66/83 were without major brain lesions or cerebral palsy and included in the analyses. A representative subsample underwent morphometric analyses: automatic segmentation (n=34) and atlas-based segmentation (n=26). The precentral gyrus was associated with both VMI (r=0.54, P=0.007) and fine motor skills (r=0.54, P=0.01). Associations were also seen between fine motor skills and the volume of the cerebellum (r=0.42, P=0.02), brainstem (r=0.47, P=0.008) and grey matter (r=−0.38, P=0.04).

Conclusions

Neonatal brain volumes in areas known to be involved in VMI and fine motor skills were associated with scores for these two functions when children born EPT without major brain lesions or cerebral palsy were evaluated at 6½ years of age. Establishing clear associations between early brain volume alterations and later VMI and/or fine motor skills could make early interventions possible.
Evolution of a holistic systems approach to planning and managing road safety: the Victorian case study, 1970–2015
Authors: Muir Carlyn , Johnston Ian R , Howard Eric
Published: February 2018

Background

The VictorianSafe Systemapproach to road safety slowly evolved from a combination of the SwedishVision Zerophilosophy and the Sustainable Safety model developed by the Dutch. TheSafe Systemapproach reframes the way in which road safety is viewed and managed.

Methods

This paper presents a case study of the institutional change required to underpin the transformation to a holistic approach to planning and managing road safety in Victoria, Australia.

Results

The adoption and implementation of aSafe Systemapproach require strong institutional leadership and close cooperation among all the key agencies involved, and Victoria was fortunate in that it had a long history of strong interagency mechanisms in place. However, the challenges in the implementation of theSafe Systemstrategy in Victoria are generally neither technical nor scientific; they are predominantly social and political. While many governments purport to develop strategies based onSafe Systemthinking, on-the-ground action still very much depends on what politicians perceive to be publicly acceptable, and Victoria is no exception.

Conclusions

This is a case study of the complexity of institutional change and is presented in the hope that the lessons may prove useful for others seeking to adopt more holistic planning and management of road safety. There is still much work to be done in Victoria, but the institutional cultural shift has taken root. Ongoing efforts must be continued to achieve alert and compliant road users; however, major underpinning benefits will be achieved through focusing on road network safety improvements (achieving forgiving infrastructure, such as wire rope barriers) in conjunction with reviews of posted speed limits (to be set in response to the level of protection offered by the road infrastructure) and by the progressive introduction into the fleet of modern vehicle safety features.
Building the Child Safety Collaborative Innovation and Improvement Network: How does it work and what is it achieving?
Authors: Leonardo Jennifer B , Spicer Rebecca S , Katradis Maria , Allison Jennifer , Thomas Rebekah
Published: February 2018

Objective

This study investigated whether the Child Safety Collaborative Innovation and Improvement Network (CS CoIIN) framework could be applied in the field of injury and violence prevention to reduce fatalities, hospitalizations and emergency department visits among 0–19 year olds.

Sample

Twenty-one states/jurisdictions were accepted into cohort 1 of the CS CoIIN, and 14 were engaged from March 2016 through April 2017. A quality improvement framework was used to test, implement and spread evidence-based change ideas (strategies and programs) in child passenger safety, falls prevention, interpersonal violence prevention, suicide and self-harm prevention and teen driver safety.

Procedures

Outcome and process measure data were analyzed using run chart rules. Descriptive data were analyzed for participation measures and descriptive statistics were produced. Qualitative data were analyzed to identify key themes.

Results

Seventy-six percent of CS CoIIN states/jurisdictions were engaged in activities and used data to inform decision making. Within a year, states/jurisdictions were able to test and implement evidence-based change ideas in pilot sites. A small group showed improvement in process measures and were ready to spread change ideas. Improvement in outcome measures was not achieved; however, 25% of states/jurisdictions identified data sources and reported on real-time outcome measures.

Conclusions

Evidence indicates the CS CoIIN framework can be applied to make progress on process measures, but more time is needed to determine if this will result in progress on long-term outcome measures of fatalities, hospitalizations and emergency department visits. Seventeen states/jurisdictions will participate in cohort 2.
Newly designed 11-gene panel reveals first case of hereditary amyloidosis captured by massive parallel sequencing
Authors: Chyra Kufova Zuzana , Sevcikova Tereza , Januska Jaroslav , Vojta Petr , Boday Arpad , Vanickova Pavla , Filipova Jana , Growkova Katerina , Jelinek Tomas , Hajduch Marian , Hajek Roman
Published: February 2018

Aims

Amyloidosis is caused by deposition of abnormal protein fibrils, leading to damage of organ function. Hereditary amyloidosis represents a monogenic disease caused by germline mutations in 11 amyloidogenic precursor protein genes. One of the important but non-specific symptoms of amyloidosis is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Diagnostics of hereditary amyloidosis is complicated and the real cause can remain overlooked. We aimed to design hereditary amyloidosis gene panel and to introduce new next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach to investigate hereditary amyloidosis in a cohort of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy of unknown significance.

Methods

Design of target enrichment DNA library preparation using Haloplex Custom Kit containing 11 amyloidogenic genes was followed by MiSeq Illumina sequencing and bioinformatics identification of germline variants using tool VarScan in a cohort of 40 patients.

Results

We present design of NGS panel for 11 genes (TTR,FGA,APOA1,APOA2,LYZ,GSN,CST3,PRNP,APP,B2M,ITM2B) connected to various forms of amyloidosis. We detected one mutation, which is responsible for hereditary amyloidosis. Some other single nucleotide variants are so far undescribed or rare variants or represent common polymorphisms in European population.

Conclusions

We report one positive case of hereditary amyloidosis in a cohort of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy of unknown significance and set up first panel for NGS in hereditary amyloidosis. This work may facilitate successful implementation of the NGS method by other researchers or clinicians and may improve the diagnostic process after validation.
A case of paternal uniparental isodisomy for chromosome 7 associated with overgrowth
Authors: Nakamura Akie , Muroya Koji , Ogata-Kawata Hiroko , Nakabayashi Kazuhiko , Matsubara Keiko , Ogata Tsutomu , Kurosawa Kenji , Fukami Maki , Kagami Masayo
Published: February 2018

Background

Paternal uniparental disomy for chromosome 7 (upd(7)pat) is extremely rare, and only four cases have been previously reported. As these cases were accompanied by autosomal-recessive disorders which are likely to be involved in growth restriction, the relevance of upd(7)pat to the overgrowth phenotype remains unclear. Here we describe one case of upd(7)pat with no additional genetic diseases, which may answer the question.

Methods

A 5-year-old Japanese boy presented with a tall stature of unknown causes. To detect the genetic cause of the tall stature, we performed Sanger sequencing, targeted resequencing, comparative genomic hybridisation and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analyses, methylation analysis and microsatellite analysis.

Results

We could not detect pathogenic variants in causative genes for overgrowth syndrome or apparent copy number alterations. DNA methylation analysis revealed hypomethylation at the GRB10, PEG1 and PEG10 differentially methylated regions. SNP array and microsatellite analyses suggested paternal uniparental isodisomy for chromosome 7. Furthermore, we could not identify homozygous mutations of known causative genes for inherited disorders on chromosome 7.

Conclusion

We report the first case of upd(7)pat with an overgrowth phenotype.
The migration of stocked, trapped and transported, and wild female American silver eels through the Gulf of St. Lawrence
Authors: Béguer-Pon Mélanie , Verreault Guy , Stanley David , Castonguay Martin , Dodson Julian J.
Published: February 2018

The stocking of juvenile eels and trap and transport programs of large yellow (American) eels (Anguilla rostrata) were initiated in Ontario to mitigate mortalities observed at hydroelectric dams and to increase escapement from the upper St. Lawrence River and Lake Ontario (Canada). A total of 380 migrating female silver eels (stocked, trapped and transported, and wild) were tagged with acoustic transmitters between 2011 and 2014. Their migration and escapement at the exit of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, the Cabot Strait, were recorded using acoustic receivers. Escapement rates varied between 8.9% and 20.0% annually (mean = 11.4%). A high proportion of stocked eels were detected (N = 27 of 43 detected at Cabot Strait), demonstrating their ability to escape the Gulf. No differences in migration speed or crossing locations at Cabot Strait were found among the three categories. Eels crossing Cabot Strait did not display diel and tidal patterns, but their estimated swimming depth indicated diel vertical migrations. The low escapement rates observed may be related to predation events and (or) the low and variable detection efficiency of the acoustic receivers’ line.
Autophagic Flux Is Regulated by Interaction Between the C-terminal Domain of PATCHED1 and ATG101
Authors: Chen Xiaole , Morales-Alcala Cintli C. , Riobo-Del Galdo Natalia A.
Published: February 2018

The Hedgehog (Hh) receptor Patched1 (PTCH1) is a well-known tumor suppressor that in its active form represses Smoothened (SMO) activity, inhibits proliferation, and induces apoptosis. The cytoplasmic C-terminal domain (CTD) regulates PTCH1 turnover and nucleates a proapoptotic complex. In this study, it was mechanistically determined that Autophagy-related 101 (ATG101), essential for mammalian autophagy, physically interacts with the CTD of PTCH1 and connects it to the ULK complex, which stimulates the autophagy machinery in response to changes in nutrient availability. This interaction results in a blockade of basal autophagic flux and accumulation of autophagosomes with undegraded cargo. Remarkably, this function of PTCH1 is independent of its repressive activity on SMO, as shown in SMO-deficient cells or in the presence of a SMO inhibitor, but is opposed by Sonic Hedgehog (SHH). These findings reveal a novel noncanonical function of PTCH1 that limits autophagy, mediated by ATG101, which could have therapeutic implications in Hh-dependent cancers.

Implications: Loss-of-function of the tumor suppressor Patched1 might promote cancer cell fitness by increasing autophagic flux in response to metabolic or environmental stresses. Mol Cancer Res; 16(5); 909–19. ©2018 AACR.
Integration of Distinct ShcA Signaling Complexes Promotes Breast Tumor Growth and Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Resistance
Authors: Ha Jacqueline R. , Ahn Ryuhjin , Smith Harvey W. , Sabourin Valerie , Hébert Steven , Cepeda Cañedo Eduardo , Im Young Kyuen , Kleinman Claudia L. , Muller William J. , Ursini-Siegel Josie
Published: February 2018

The commonality between most phospho-tyrosine signaling networks is their shared use of adaptor proteins to transduce mitogenic signals. ShcA (SHC1) is one such adaptor protein that employs two phospho-tyrosine binding domains (PTB and SH2) and key phospho-tyrosine residues to promote mammary tumorigenesis. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), such as ErbB2, bind the ShcA PTB domain to promote breast tumorigenesis by engaging Grb2 downstream of the ShcA tyrosine phosphorylation sites to activate AKT/mTOR signaling. However, breast tumors also rely on the ShcA PTB domain to bind numerous negative regulators that limit activation of secondary mitogenic signaling networks. This study examines the role of PTB-independent ShcA pools in controlling breast tumor growth and resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We demonstrate that PTB-independent ShcA complexes predominately rely on the ShcA SH2 domain to activate multiple Src family kinases (SFK), including Src and Fyn, in ErbB2-positive breast cancers. Using genetic and pharmacologic approaches, we show that PTB-independent ShcA complexes augment mammary tumorigenesis by increasing the activity of the Src and Fyn tyrosine kinases in an SH2-dependent manner. This bifurcation of signaling complexes from distinct ShcA pools transduces non-redundant signals that integrate the AKT/mTOR and SFK pathways to cooperatively increase breast tumor growth and resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, including lapatinib and PP2. This study mechanistically dissects how the interplay between diverse intracellular ShcA complexes impacts the tyrosine kinome to affect breast tumorigenesis.

Implications: The ShcA adaptor, within distinct signaling complexes, impacts tyrosine kinase signaling, breast tumor growth, and resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Mol Cancer Res; 16(5); 894–908. ©2018 AACR.
Methylation of the HOXA10 Promoter Directs miR-196b-5p–Dependent Cell Proliferation and Invasion of Gastric Cancer Cells
Authors: Shao Linlin , Chen Zheng , Peng Dunfa , Soutto Mohammed , Zhu Shoumin , Bates Andreia , Zhang Shutian , El-Rifai Wael
Published: February 2018

The cross-talk between epigenetics and miRNA expression plays an important role in human tumorigenesis. Herein, the regulation and role of miR-196b-5p in gastric cancer was investigated. qRT-PCR demonstrated that miR-196b-5p is significantly overexpressed in human gastric cancer tissues (P < 0.01). In addition, it was determined that HOXA10, a homeobox family member and host gene for miR-196b-5p, is overexpressed and positively correlated with miR-196b-5p expression levels (P < 0.001). Quantitative pyrosequencing methylation analysis demonstrated significantly lower levels of DNA methylation at the HOXA10 promoter in gastric cancer, as compared with nonneoplastic gastric mucosa specimens. 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine treatment confirmed that demethylation of HOXA10 promoter induces the expression of HOXA10 and miR-196b-5p in gastric cancer cell model systems. Using the Tff1 knockout mouse model of gastric neoplasia, hypomethylation and overexpression of HOXA10 and miR-196b-5p in gastric tumors was observed, as compared with normal gastric mucosa from Tff1 wild-type mice. Mechanistically, reconstitution of TFF1 in human gastric cancer cells led to an increased HOXA10 promoter methylation with reduced expression of HOXA10 and miR-196b-5p. Functionally, miR-196b-5p reconstitution promoted human gastric cancer cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. In summary, the current data demonstrate overexpression of miR-196b-5p in gastric cancer and suggest that TFF1 plays an important role in suppressing the expression of miR-196b-5p by mediating DNA methylation of the HOXA10 promoter. Loss of TFF1 expression may promote proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells through induction of promoter hypomethylation and expression of the HOXA10/miR-196b-5p axis.

Implications: This study indicates that loss of TFF1 promotes the aberrant overexpression of HOXA10 and miR-196b-5p by demethylation of the HOXA10 promoter, which provides a new perspective of TFF1/HOXA10/miR-196b-5p functions in human gastric cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 16(4); 696–706. ©2018 AACR.
The mTOR Targets 4E-BP1/2 Restrain Tumor Growth and Promote Hypoxia Tolerance in PTEN-driven Prostate Cancer
Authors: Ding Mei , Van der Kwast Theodorus H. , Vellanki Ravi N. , Foltz Warren D. , McKee Trevor D. , Sonenberg Nahum , Pandolfi Pier P. , Koritzinsky Marianne , Wouters Bradly G.
Published: February 2018

The mTOR signaling pathway is a central regulator of protein synthesis and cellular metabolism in response to the availability of energy, nutrients, oxygen, and growth factors. mTOR activation leads to phosphorylation of multiple downstream targets including the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) binding proteins-1 and -2 (EIF4EBP1/4E-BP1 and EIF4EBP2/4E-BP2). These binding proteins inhibit protein synthesis, but are inactivated by mTOR to stimulate cell growth and metabolism. However, the role of these proteins in the context of aberrant activation of mTOR, which occurs frequently in cancers through loss of PTEN or mutational activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, is unclear. Here, even under conditions of aberrant mTOR activation, hypoxia causes dephosphorylation of 4E-BP1/4E-BP2 and increases their association with eIF4E to suppress translation. This is essential for hypoxia tolerance as knockdown of 4E-BP1 and 4E-BP2 decreases proliferation under hypoxia and increases hypoxia-induced cell death. In addition, genetic deletion of 4E-BP1 and 4E-BP2 significantly accelerates all phases of cancer development in the context of PTEN loss–driven prostate cancer in mice despite potent PI3K/AKT and mTOR activation. However, even with a more rapid onset, tumors that establish in the absence of 4E-BP1 and 4E-BP2 have reduced levels of tumor hypoxia and show increased cell death within hypoxic tumor regions. Together, these data demonstrate that 4E-BP1 and 4E-BP2 act as essential metabolic breaks even in the context of aberrant mTOR activation and that they are essential for the creation of hypoxia-tolerant cells in prostate cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 16(4); 682–95. ©2018 AACR.
Incidence and Predictors of Perioperative Complications With Transvenous Lead Extractions
Authors: Sood Nitesh , Martin David T. , Lampert Rachel , Curtis Jeptha P. , Parzynski Craig , Clancy Jude
Published: February 2018

Background:

Transvenous lead extraction is an integral part of management of patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices. Real-world incidence and predictors of perioperative complications in extractions involving implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads have not been described in detail.

Methods and Results:

Data from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Registry were analyzed. Lead extraction was defined as removal of leads implanted for >1 year. Predictors of major perioperative complications for all extraction procedures (11 304) and for high-voltage lead (8362, 74%), across 762 centers, were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Major complication occurred in 258 (2.3%) extraction procedures. Of these 258 with a complication, 41 (16%) required urgent cardiac surgery. Of these 41, 14 (34%) died during surgery. Among the total 98 (0.9%) deaths reported, 18 (0.16% of total) occurred during transvenous lead extraction. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, female sex, admission other than electively for procedure, ≥3 leads extracted, longer implant duration, dislodgement of other leads, and patient’s clinical status requiring lead extraction (infection/perforation) were associated with increased risk of complications. Smaller lead diameter, flat versus round coil shape, and greater proximal surface coil area were multivariate predictors of major perioperative complications specific to high-voltage leads.

Conclusions:

The rate of major complications and mortality with transvenous lead extraction is similar in the real-world outcomes to that reported in recent single-center studies from high-volume centers. There is significant risk of urgent cardiac surgery, which carries a high mortality, and planning for appropriate cardiothoracic surgery backup is imperative.
Adoption of Sacubitril/Valsartan for the Management of Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Sangaralingham Lindsey R. , Sangaralingham S. Jeson , Shah Nilay D. , Yao Xiaoxi , Dunlay Shannon M.
Published: February 2018

Background:

The US Food and Drug Administration approved the use of sacubitril/valsartan in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in July 2015. We aimed to assess the adoption and prescription drug costs of sacubitril/valsartan in its first 18 months after Food and Drug Administration approval.

Methods and Results:

Using a large US insurance database, we identified privately insured and Medicare Advantage beneficiaries who filled a first prescription for sacubitril/valsartan between July 1, 2015, and December 31, 2016. We compared them to patients treated with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker. Outcomes included adoption, prescription drug costs, and 180-day adherence, defined as a proportion of days covered ≥80%. A total of 2244 patients initiated sacubitril/valsartan. Although the number of users increased over time, the proportion of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction patients taking sacubitril/valsartan remained low (<3%). Patients prescribed sacubitril/valsartan were younger, more often male, with less comorbidity than those taking an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker. Although a majority of prescription costs were covered by the health plan (mean, $328.37; median, $362.44 per 30-day prescription), out-of-pocket costs were still high (mean, $71.16; median, $40.27). By comparison, median out-of-pocket costs were $2 to $3 for lisinopril, losartan, carvedilol, and spironolactone. Overall, 59.1% of patients were adherent to sacubitril/valsartan. Refill patterns suggested that nearly half of nonadherent patients discontinued sacubitril/valsartan within 180 days of starting.

Conclusions:

Adoption of sacubitril/valsartan after Food and Drug Administration approval has been slow and may be associated with the high cost.
Sutureless Perceval Aortic Valve Versus Conventional Stented Bioprostheses: Meta‐Analysis of Postoperative and Midterm Results in Isolated Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Meco Massimo , Montisci Andrea , Miceli Antonio , Panisi Paolo , Donatelli Francesco , Cirri Silvia , Ferrarini Matteo , Lio Antonio , Glauber Mattia
Published: February 2018

Background

Aortic stenosis is the most common valvular disease and has a dismal prognosis without surgical treatment. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to quantitatively assess the comparative effectiveness of the Perceval (LivaNova) valve versus conventional aortic bioprostheses.

Methods and Results

A total of 6 comparative studies were identified, including 639 and 760 patients who underwent, respectively, aortic valve replacement with the Perceval sutureless valve (P group) and with a conventional bioprosthesis (C group). Aortic cross‐clamping and cardiopulmonary bypass duration were significantly lower in the P group. No difference in postoperative mortality was shown for the P and C groups (2.8% versus 2.7%, respectively; odds ratio [OR]: 0.99 [95% confidence interval (
CI
), 0.52–1.88];
P
=0.98). Incidence of postoperative renal failure was lower in the P group compared with the C group (2.7% versus 5.5%; OR: 0.45 [95%
CI
, 0.25–0.80];
P
=0.007). Incidence of stroke (2.3% versus 1.7%; OR: 1.34 [95%
CI
, 0.56–3.21];
P
=0.51) and paravalvular leak (3.1% versus 1.6%;
OR
: 2.52 [95%
CI
, 0.60–1.06];
P
=0.21) was similar, whereas P group patients received fewer blood transfusions than C group patients (1.16±1.2 versus 2.13±2.2; mean difference: 0.99 [95%
CI
, −1.22 to −0.75];
P
=0.001). The incidence of pacemaker implantation was higher in the P than the C group (7.9% versus 3.1%;
OR
: 2.45 [95%
CI
, 1.44–4.17];
P
=0.001), whereas hemodynamic Perceval performance was better (transvalvular gradient 23.42±1.73 versus 22.8±1.86; mean difference: 0.90 [95%
CI
, 0.62–1.18];
P
=0.001), even during follow‐up (10.98±5.7 versus 13.06±6.2; mean difference: −2.08 [95%
CI
, −3.96 to −0.21];
P
=0.030). We found no difference in 1‐year mortality.

Conclusions

The Perceval bioprosthesis improves the postoperative course compared with conventional bioprostheses and is an option for high‐risk patients.
Sex‐Specific Mechanisms of Resistance Vessel Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by Cardiometabolic Risk Factors
Authors: Davel Ana P. , Lu Qing , Moss M. Elizabeth , Rao Sitara , Anwar Imran J. , DuPont Jennifer J. , Jaffe Iris Z.
Published: February 2018

Background

The incidence of obesity is rising, particularly among women. Microvascular dysfunction is more common with female sex, obesity, and hyperlipidemia and predicts adverse cardiovascular outcomes, but the molecular mechanisms are unclear. Because obesity is associated with mineralocorticoid receptor (
MR
) activation, we tested the hypothesis that
MR
in endothelial cells contribute to sex differences in resistance vessel dysfunction in response to cardiometabolic risk factors.

Methods and Results

Male and female endothelial cell–specific
MR
knockout mice and
MR
‐intact littermates were randomized to high‐fat‐diet–induced obesity or obesity with hyperlipidemia induced by adeno‐associated virus–based vector targeting transfer of the mutant stable form (DY mutation) of the human
PCSK9
(proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) gene and compared with control diet. Female but not male mice were sensitive to obesity‐induced endothelial dysfunction, whereas endothelial function was impaired in obese hyperlipidemic males and females. In males, obesity or hyperlipidemia decreased the nitric oxide component of vasodilation without altering superoxide production or endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression or phosphorylation. Decreased nitric oxide content in obese males was overcome by enhanced endothelium‐derived hyperpolarization–mediated relaxation along with increased
SK
3 expression. Conversely, in females, endothelium‐derived hyperpolarization was significantly impaired by obesity with lower
IK
1 expression and by hyperlipidemia with lower
IK
1 and
SK
3 expression, loss of H
2
O
2
‐mediated vasodilation, and increased superoxide production. Endothelial cell–
MR
deletion prevented endothelial dysfunction induced by risk factors only in females. Rather than restoring endothelium‐derived hyperpolarization in females, endothelial cell–
MR
deletion enhanced nitric oxide and prevented hyperlipidemia‐induced oxidative stress.

Conclusions

These data reveal distinct mechanisms driving resistance vessel dysfunction in males versus females and suggest that personalized treatments are needed to prevent the progression of vascular disease in the setting of obesity, depending on both the sex and the metabolic profile of each patient.
Acute Pressor Response to Psychosocial Stress Is Dependent on Endothelium‐Derived Endothelin‐1
Authors: Fox Brandon M. , Becker Bryan K. , Loria Analia S. , Hyndman Kelly A. , Jin Chunhua , Clark Hannah , Johns Robin , Yanagisawa Masashi , Pollock David M. , Pollock Jennifer S.
Published: February 2018

Background

Acute psychosocial stress provokes increases in circulating endothelin‐1 (
ET
‐1) levels in humans and animal models. However, key questions about the physiological function and cellular source of stress‐induced
ET
‐1 remain unanswered. We hypothesized that endothelium‐derived
ET
‐1 contributes to the acute pressor response to stress via activation of the endothelin A receptor.

Methods and Results

Adult male vascular endothelium‐specific
ET
‐1 knockout mice and control mice that were homozygous for the floxed allele were exposed to acute psychosocial stress in the form of cage switch stress (
CSS
), with blood pressure measured by telemetry. An acute pressor response was elicited by
CSS
in both genotypes; however, this response was significantly blunted in vascular endothelium‐specific
ET
‐1 knockout mice compared with control mice that were homozygous for the floxed allele. In mice pretreated for 3 days with the endothelin A antagonist,
ABT
‐627, or the dual endothelin A/B receptor antagonist, A‐182086, the pressor response to
CSS
was similar between genotypes.
CSS
significantly increased plasma
ET
‐1 levels in control mice that were homozygous for the floxed allele.
CSS
failed to elicit an increase in plasma
ET
‐1 in vascular endothelium‐specific
ET
‐1 knockout mice. Telemetry frequency domain analyses suggested similar autonomic responses to stress between genotypes, and isolated resistance arteries demonstrated similar sensitivity to α
1
‐adrenergic receptor‐mediated vasoconstriction.

Conclusions

These findings specify that acute stress‐induced activation of endothelium‐derived
ET
‐1 and subsequent endothelin A receptor activation is a novel mediator of the blood pressure response to acute psychosocial stress.
Gry z czasem, pamięcią i historią: O prozie Milady Součkovej [Games with time, memory and history: About the prose of Milada Součková]
Authors: Woźniak Kamila
Published: February 2018

Games with time, memory and history: About the prose of Milada SoučkováThe article discusses selected short stories by the Czech avant-garde writer Milada Součková. The author presents a brief interpretation of certain primary themes in the writer’s work, such as the themes of memory and history as a kind of framework of Součková’s writing. Another aspect of the article indicates subjects related to specific historical events that constitute for Součková a backdrop for presenting so-called alternative history which is combined with the microcosm of the characters in her stories. Gry z czasem, pamięcią i historią: O prozie Milady SoučkovejW artykule omówione zostały wybrane opowiadania czeskiej pisarki awangardowej Milady Součkovej. Autorka szkicu przedstawia interpretację stałych motywów w twórczości tej pisarki, takich jak motyw pamięci i historii, jako swoistej klamry ujmującej pisarstwo Součkovej. Kolejnym aspektem artykułu jest wskazanie na funkcjonowanie wątków związanych z konkretnymi wydarzeniami historycznymi, stanowiącymi tło do zaprezentowania tzw. historii alternatywnej, łączącej się z mikroświatem przedstawionych postaci.
Eliminacja lamerstwa. O społecznym użytkowaniu muzyki: Z Adamem Czechem rozmawia Anna Zawadzka [Eliminating cheesiness. The social use of music: Adam Czech interviewed by Anna Zawadzka]
Authors: Zawadzka Anna
Published: February 2018

Eliminating cheesiness. The social use of music: Adam Czech interviewed by Anna ZawadzkaThe interview with Doctor Adam Czech deals with various forms of distinctions made with the use of music, in the circles of both its authors and recipients. The conversation addresses, among other things, the current status of contemporary classical, folk, and popular music in Poland, and the status of different manners of music consumption. Another issue under discussion concerns the prevailing artistic categories of music evaluations, such as being original and abstract, and the ways of validating and delegitimizing different musical genres. Eliminacja lamerstwa. O społecznym użytkowaniu muzyki: Z Adamem Czechem rozmawia Anna ZawadzkaWywiad z dr. Adamem Czechem dotyczy różnych form dystynkcji dokonywanych za pomocą muzyki zarówno w środowisku jej twórców/twórczyń, jak i odbiorców/odbiorczyń. Przedmiotem rozmowy jest m.in. obecny status muzyki poważnej, muzyki ludowej i muzyki popularnej w Polsce, jak również status poszczególnych sposobów muzycznej konsumpcji, czyli słuchania. Rozmowa dotyczy także dominujących w sztuce kategorii oceniania muzyki, takich jak oryginalność i abstrakcyjność, oraz sposobów uprawomocniania i delegitymizacji poszczególnych gatunków muzycznych.
Wiersze „suchego pogromu” – Marzec ’68 w poezji polskiej (rekonesans) [The poetry of the “dry pogrom” - March 1968 in Polish poetry (a reconnaissance)]
Authors: Kuczyńska-Koschany Katarzyna
Published: February 2018

The poetry of the “dry pogrom” - March 1968 in Polish poetry (a reconnaissance)The paper construes the distinctive character of March 1968 against the classical definitions of pogroms; hence the selection of Adam Michnik’s phrase “dry pogrom.” It analyzes direct responses to the events, using examples of Aesopian language (Artur Międzyrzecki) and satire (Janusz Szpotański, Natan Tenenbaum), as well as other reactions (Jerzy Ficowski, Aleksander Rymkiewicz). Further, it is concerned with poems from artists affected – to a larger or smaller extent – by the dry pogrom, such as Arnold Słucki. Views from afar – including Kazimierz Wierzyński’s Izrael [Israel] and Jacek Bierezin’s Wygnańcy [Exiles] – have also been analyzed. Michał Głowiński’s formula of “March talk” has been used to interpret the poetics of the poetry about March 1968, with reference to Orwellian Newspeak and Klemperer’s LTI. Finally, in the conclusion, a question is posed of whether the poems of the dry pogrom are a “poetry of dry despair,” a term used by Julia Hartwig to describe Paul Celan’s poems, as they speak about impossible liquids – blood and tears. Wiersze „suchego pogromu” – Marzec ’68 w poezji polskiej (rekonesans)W tekście referuję odrębność pogromu marcowego wobec klasycznych definicji pogromu: dlatego wybieram formułę Adama Michnika „suchy pogrom”. Zajmuję się reakcjami bezpośrednimi; są to przykłady języka „ezopowego” (Artur Międzyrzecki), satyry (Janusz Szpotański, Natan Tenenbaum) i inne (Jerzy Ficowski, Aleksander Rymkiewicz). Interesują mnie także wiersze dotkniętych – w szerszym i węższym sensie – „suchym pogromem” (jak Arnold Słucki). Analizuję widzenie z oddali (np. Kazimierz Wierzyń- ski, Izrael; Jacek Bierezin, Wygnańcy). Wykorzystuję formułę „marcowego gadania” Michała Głowińskiego wobec poetyki wierszy o Marcu ’68 (tu odniesienia do Orwellowskiej nowomowy oraz Klempererowskiej LTI). W zakończeniu pytam, czy wiersze „suchego pogromu” to „poezja suchej rozpaczy” (formuła Julii Hartwig użyta wobec poezji Paula Celana) – o cieczach niemożliwych: krwi i łzach.
Historia historii: studia polsko-żydowskie [History’s history: Polish-Jewish studies]
Authors: Matyjaszek Konrad , Tokarska-Bakir Joanna
Published: February 2018

Wstęp / Editorial
Manuskrypt błogosławionej pamięci Pejsacha Bergmana, wedle kopii przekazanej przez syna, Bronisława Bergmana [A manuscript of Pejsach Bergman of blessed memory, according to a copy received from his son, Bronisław Bergman]
Authors: Bergman Pesach , Tokarska-Bakir Joanna
Published: February 2018

A manuscript of Pejsach Bergman of blessed memory, according to a copy receivedfrom his son, Bronisław BergmanThe text by Pesach Bergman (1898–1944) is an excerpt from his fictionalized memoirs about the life of the shtetl of Widawa from the late 19th century to the 1930s. Written in Yiddish, it was translated into Polish by Dr. Marcin Urynowicz with the assistance of Sara Arm. It constitutes an original and unique literary genre, which is closest to the meditation (Latin: soliloquia), combining elements of social criticism and sentimental recollections. Manuskrypt błogosławionej pamięci Pejsacha Bergmana, wedle kopii przekazanej przez syna, Bronisława BergmanaTekst Pesacha Bergmana (1898–1944) pochodzi z jego fabularyzowanych wspomnień, dotyczących życia sztetlu Widawa w okresie od końca XIX wieku do lat trzydziestych wieku XX. Został zapisany w języku żydowskim, z którego – z pomocą Sary Arm – przełożył go dr Marcin Urynowicz. Ustanawia oryginalny, właściwy tylko sobie gatunek literacki, najbliższy rozmyślaniom (łac. soliloquia), łączącym elementy krytyki społecznej i sentymentalnego wspomnienia.
Wprowadzenie
Authors: Zawadzka Anna , Kozłowski Michał
Published: February 2018

IntroductionThe text introduces the collection of articles devoted to modern reflection on Pierre Bourdieu’s theory, entitled Traces of Bourdieu: Inspirations, continuations, revisions (Ślady Bourdieu: Inspiracje, kontynuacje, rewizje), originally presented at the eponymous conference held in 2013 in Warsaw. The conference was coorganised by the Centre for French Culture, Faculty of Philosophy and Sociology (University of Warsaw), the Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences and the UW–EHESS Interdisciplinary Cooperation Group. WprowadzenieTekst stanowi wprowadzenie do zbioru artykułów poświęconych współczesnej refleksji nad teorią Pierre’a Bourdieu, zatytułowanego Ślady Bourdieu: Inspiracje, kontynuacje, rewizje (Traces of Bourdieu: Inspirations, continuations, revisions). Na zbiór ten składają się teksty referatów wygłoszonych podczas konferencji pod tym samym tytułem, która odbyła się w Warszawie w 2013 roku. Organizatorami konferencji były następujące instytucje: Ośrodek Kultury Francuskiej, Wydział Filozofii i Socjologii (Uniwersytet Warszawski), Instytut Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk oraz Interdyscyplinarny Zespół Współpracy UW–EHESS.
Fantazmat klasistowski
Authors: Jacyno Małgorzata
Published: February 2018

The classist phantasmThe aim of this article is to trace to process of dehierarchisation of modern societies as a “mission” undertaken by the middle class. Hierarchy is an element of the social unconscious, it is also what constitutes the conditions of establishing new relations. The study of sociogenesis postulated by Bourdieu is not about reconstructing a historical process but about discovering how specific historical conditions determine the present forms and practices creating representations of, in this instance, equality and brotherhood. The sociogenesis of Western European brotherhood allows for an insight into how hierarchy gets reproduced in equality and what “intensities” are hidden behind it. Fantazmat klasistowskiCelem artykułu jest prześledzenie procesu dehierarchizacji nowoczesnych społeczeństw jako „misji”, jaką wzięła na siebie klasa średnia. Hierarchia jest elementem nieświadomości społecznej oraz tym, co tworzy warunki ustanawiania nowych relacji. W zalecanym przez Bourdieu badaniu socjogenezy nie chodzi o rekonstrukcję procesu historycznego, ale o odkrycie, jak określone warunki historyczne determinują aktualne formy i praktyki, w tym wypadku wytwarzania przedstawień równości i braterstwa. Socjogeneza zachodnioeuropejskiego braterstwa pozwala zatem odpowiedzieć na pytanie, jak w równości reprodukuje się hierarchia i jakie kryją się za nią „intensywności”.
Uwagi na temat teoretycznych i metodologicznych aspektów pojęcia pola
Authors: Lebaron Frédéric
Published: February 2018

Some remarks on the theoretical and methodological aspects of the notion of fieldThe text constitutes an analysis of the notion of field – its limits and its importance in the theory of Pierre Bourdieu and in other sociological approaches which draw on his theory. The author opens his considerations with a return to the genesis of the notion in Pierre Bourdieu’s works, that is to the formative period of the theory, culminating in the 1970s. The author then goes on to ponder the practical application and empirical scope of the notion of field, and concludes the article with the presentation of a methodological use of the notion of field in data analysis. Uwagi na temat teoretycznych i metodologicznych aspektów pojęcia polaTekst stanowi analizę pojęcia pola – jego granic i jego wagi zarówno w teorii Pierre’a Bourdieu, jak i w innych, ale odwołujących się do tej teorii, ujęciach socjologicznych. Swoje rozważania autor rozpoczyna od powrotu do genezy tego pojęcia w dziełach Bourdieu, czyli do okresu powstawania teorii, którego kulminacja przypada na lata siedemdziesiąte XX wieku. Następnie autor zajmuje się praktycznym zastosowaniem i empirycznym zakresem pojęcia pola. Na końcu przedstawia metodologiczne wykorzystanie pojęcia pola w ramach analizy danych.
Wybawca Wittgenstein? Problem reguł w teorii praktyki Pierre'a Bourdieu
Authors: Pancewicz-Puchalska Magdalena
Published: February 2018

Wittgenstein the saviour? The problem of rules in Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of practiceThe text constitutes a thorough and exhaustive analysis of the impact of Ludwig Wittgenstein’s philosophy on Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of practice and especially on his notions of practical sense and logic of practice. The author first considers both philosophers’ attitude to objectivism. Then she proposes a reading of Wittgenstein’s theory that might prove useful and inspiring in the sociological field. In the final section, the author analyses the other, partly oppositional in relation to Bourdieu’s, theories of practice, proposed by Anthony Giddens and Michel de Certeau, putting them in the light of Wittgenstein’s analyses. Wybawca Wittgenstein? Problem reguł w teorii praktyki Pierre’a BourdieuTekst stanowi dociekliwą i wyczerpującą analizę wpływu filozofii Ludwiga Wittgensteina na teorię praktyki Pierre’a Bourdieu, a zwłaszcza na wypracowane przez Bourdieu pojęcia zmysłu praktycznego i logiki praktycznej. Autorka rozważa stosunek do obiektywizmu obu filozofów. Następnie proponuje takie odczytanie teorii Wittgensteina, które mogłoby okazać się pożyteczne i inspirujące w polu socjologicznym. W ostatniej części artykułu autorka analizuje inne, po części opozycyjne wobec teorii Pierre’a Bourdieu teorie praktyki, zaproponowane przez Anthony’ego Giddensa i Michela de Certeau i stawia je w świetle analiz Wittgensteina.