bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Absenteeism Problems And Costs: Causes, Effects And Cures
Authors: Kocakulah Mehmet C. , Kelley Ann Galligan , Mitchell Krystal M. , Ruggieri Margaret P.
Published: May 2016

Employee absences are both costly and disruptive for business, and the trend has been increasing steadily over the years.  Personal illness and family issues are cited as the primary reason for unplanned absences. Employers have been attempting to determine the validity of these illnesses and offer incentives and propose possible solutions to mitigate these absences, including those caused by family issues.  Illness, family responsibilities, personal issues and stress all take a toll on the worker which in turn affects morale, absences and productivity in the workplace.   Some sources including Statistics Canada cite that absenteeism approximates 15-20 percent of payroll (direct and indirect) costs.  This is significant.   Canada Newswire stated on May 23, 2008 that absenteeism translates into losses of over $16 billion in salary expenses.  The purpose of this paper is to identify the leading factors of absenteeism, possible “cures” that exist for these factors, and present results of companies that have implemented programs to combat the problem of absenteeism.  It is important that businesses determine if they in fact have an absenteeism problem and thus consider utilizing some of the proposed solutions offered in this paper.
Implementation Of Automated Systems For Target Cost Management And Assessing Performance: A Case Study In A Global Automobile Component Company
Authors: Park Sung Jin , Park Woo Jin , Woo Sohee
Published: May 2016

We examine the implementation of automated systems for target cost management and assessing firm performance in global automobile component company. After financial crisis, companies need to make strategic decisions as fast as possible. However, global companies are difficult to make fast decisions because of taking time for sorting the internal data through oversea companies. Also there are difficult to build systems of cost management and assessment of performance achievement. In this study, as we explain elaborately about the automatic process of cost management and assessment of performance achievement systems in global automobile component companies, we provide practical implications of this benchmark case for other companies’ automated target cost management systems and assessing performance system’s innovations.
Relation Between Real Earnings Management And Audit Quality
Authors: Shawn Hyuk , Leese Hyoik , Jung Jaegyung , Moon Sanghyuk
Published: May 2016

Net income is composed of CFO and accruals. Auditors generally detect discretionary accruals to raise reliability of financial reporting and call upon managers to correct their financial reports according to the materiality. From these viewpoints, prior researches use the size of discretionary accruals as proxies for the audit quality. However, manager can also use CFO factors as means of earnings management. We confirm whether abnormal CFO factors, that is, real activity earnings management (hereafter RAM) by Roychordhury model(2006), can be as a proxy for the audit quality with comparing the size of RAM with existing proxies of audit quality such as auditors’ size (e.g. big4), audit time and audit fee. Our results show that the size of RAM is positively correlated with some existing proxies of audit quality. Also, we find discretionary accruals positively correlated with RAM in Korea. The result implies managers in Korea simultaneously use RAM as well as discretionary accruals as a means of earnings management.
Pedagogía, posmodernidad y poscolonialidad ciudad: Bogotá, D.
Authors: Peñuela Contreras Diana Milena
Published: May 2016

El libro de la profesora e investigadora Diana Peñuela es fruto de “un proyecto de investigación personal que busca indagar sobre los efectos e implicaciones de la tensión modernidad-posmodernidad desde una
mirada latinoamericana, para el campo de la educación y la pedagogía en Colombia”. El libro trabaja conceptualmente múltiples relaciones y coexistencias: la reflexión sobre la posmodernidad, los estudios
poscoloniales, el pensamiento crítico latinoamericano y la historicidad del campo educativo y pedagógico colombiano.
Huellas, resonancias y lecciones del movimiento pedagógico en Colombia
Authors: Acevedo Tarazona Álvaro
Published: May 2016

Mucho se ha escrito acerca del declive de las instituciones de la Modernidad en su versión occidental. Además de la familia y el EstadoNación, algunos pensadores contemporáneos han sugerido que, con la emergencia de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, la escuela ha cedido su lugar en la socialización secundaria. En esta supuesta crisis irreversible, los educadores verían menguado su papel como mediadores y formadores de las nuevas generaciones tanto en el plano epistemológico como en el de los principios y valores que entraña todo proceso educativo. En este marco, el propósito de este artículo es aproximarse a la historia del Movimiento Pedagógico, una historia poco conocida tanto en el continente como en Colombia, y que se relaciona con la experiencia de una generación de maestros que a principios de los años ochenta combatieron por redefinir su profesión. Este caso ha de permitir encontrar algunas claves para propiciar la reflexión y discusión sobre el papel y el lugar de los educadores en la contemporaneidad. 

 
Los análisis cuantitativos y cualitativos de la producción del conocimiento en educación física: la experiencia del nordeste brasileño
Authors: Sánchez Gamboa Silvio , Chaves-Gamboa Márcia
Published: May 2016

La controversia entre las epistemologías analíticas e interpretativas está presente en la investigación sobre la producción de conocimiento y se expresa en el análisis de los métodos utilizados en la elaboración de investigaciones científicas. El proyecto temático ‘Producción de conocimiento en Educación Física’, titulado ‘Impacto del sistema de posgrado del sur y sureste de Brasil, en la formación y la producción de los magísteres y doctores que trabajan en las instituciones de educación superior de la región nordeste’, financiado por la Fundación de Amparo a la Investigación del estado de São Paulo (Proc. 2012/50019-7), abordó la relación entre los métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos, y señaló: 1) la construcción del campo científico de la Educación Física tiene fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos en las Ciencias Naturales (Física, Biología, Mecánica) y las Ciencias Humanas y Sociales (Pedagogía, Sociología,Psicología), pero confrontan formas de validación del conocimiento; las primeras buscan preservar la objetividad, utilizando el lenguaje matemático y la estadística, las segundas, cargadas de subjetividad, prefieren la interpretación y los lenguajes polisémicos; 2) los análisis realizados con la producción de 750 encuestas preparadas por los profesores y los médicos que trabajan en los 126 cursos de Educación Física en los nueve estados del nordeste de Brasil, muestran que este dualismo epistemológico es superado por la constatación de que el objeto de los fenómenos de conocimiento revela múltiples determinaciones y dimensiones, tanto cuantitativas como cualitativas, que no pueden separarse en el proceso de conocimiento; 3) sobre la base de esta unidad dialéctica de los opuestos la búsqueda encabezó los dilemas entre los enfoques cuantitativos y cualitativos y la construcción de indicadores cuantitativos y cualitativos para caracterizar las tendencias teóricas y metodológicas. Se implementó el uso de herramientas de la cienciometría (análisis de citas) para identificar la evolución de las teorías, autores, escuelas de pensamiento y redes de investigación. El uso de las categorías epistemológicas nos permite entender estos indicadores de ciencia y tecnología en el contexto del desarrollo social y sus transformaciones históricas de la sociedad brasileña.

 
Uso de la robótica educativa como estrategia didáctica en el aula
Authors: Barrera Lombana Nelson
Published: May 2016

En el presente texto se aborda una investigación de corte cualitativo, de investigación acción en el aula, que propone actividades lúdicas con robots educativos como pilar de la educación en tecnología, y que tiene como objetivo motivar a los estudiantes y a los educadores para que formulen y apliquen estrategias educativas innovadoras que utilicen como instrumento didáctico plataformas robóticas y dispositivos tecnológicos que hayan concluido su vida útil. De este modo se busca provocar en los estudiantes de educación básica, entusiasmo por desarrollar habilidades que les permitan la construcción de saberes, para dar un uso fundamentado, responsable y crítico a la tecnología. Adicionalmente la propuesta didáctica involucra a los estudiantes en actividades lúdicas con robots educativos para que desarrollen conceptualizaciones que les permitan abordar problemas cotidianos relacionados con el adecuado uso de la tecnología.

 
Transformación de las relaciones de poder entre evaluación y educación
Authors: Londoño Restrepo Luz Amparo
Published: May 2016

Las relaciones entre educación y evaluación han sido marcadas por relaciones de poder. La sociedad, el Estado y las instituciones educativas han convalidado esas mismas relaciones de poder alejándolas de los verdaderos principios de la evaluación educativa. Mediante este estudio fue posible demostrar y entender que existen esas relaciones, y esto permitió identificar las concepciones que tenían los docentes en formación sobre la evaluación y cambiar dichas concepciones, transformando las prácticas evaluativas a través de la reflexión en la acción. El estudio, llevado a cabo con docentes en formación de la Licenciatura en Humanidades e Idiomas en una Universidad de Bogotá, utilizó la investigación acción como metodología, bajo el paradigma cualitativo.
Educación en bioética y la formación para la ciudadanía
Authors: Carvajal Abril Haywer Alexander
Published: May 2016

El artículo pretende hacer un análisis sobre las bases conceptuales en la obra de Nussbaum y Cortina que puede utilizar la educación en bioética para promover el ejercicio de la ciudadanía en los estudiantes de pregrado. Para poder llevar a buen término esta investigación, en la primera parte se desarrolla una reflexión sobre qué es la bioética y más específicamente la educación en bioética. En la segunda y tercera parte se presenta una reflexión sobre los elementos conceptuales de Nussbaum y Cortina que podría utilizar la educación en bioética para la formación de la ciudadanía y, por último, se analizan estos aportes y su importancia para la bioética.
A avaliação da perspectiva dos arquitetos na redução de resíduos na etapa de projeto arquitetônico
Authors: Ito Ana Paula Nishimoto , Gonçalves Pedro Henrique , Carvalho Débora Cristine Guerra de
Published: May 2016

Este estudo tem o objetivo de investigar em que ponto os arquitetos brasileiros estão em relação ao problema da geração de resíduos da construção e demolição. Esses que em muitas cidades podem constituir mais de 50% da massa de resíduos municipais, pode degradar a qualidade da vida urbana, assim como sobrecarregar os serviços municipais de limpeza quando não são bem manejados. Na busca de melhores perspectivas para o problema foi feita a aplicação de um questionário baseado em planos estratégicos para a minimização de resíduos, foi feita uma análise a partir das respostas recebidas, que deram origem a um estudo exploratório com o objetivo de investigar o conhecimento e ações que os arquitetos possuem em relação à minimização, tanto durante o gerenciamento da construção quanto na prática de projeto. O questionário foi enviado para 100 arquitetos brasileiros, que atuam no mercado de projetos arquitetônicos. Os arquitetos possuem um papel imprescindível na redução de resíduos em todos os estágios da construção, e suas decisões como profissionais necessitam de um foco maior em práticas que considerem a geração de resíduos desde o processo de concepção da obra. Por enquanto, os resultados mostram que há muito a ser feito em relação aos estudos e práticas nesse assunto.
O tombamento de Iguape como patrimônio nacional: novas práticas e políticas de preservação
Authors: Nascimento Flávia Brito do , Scifoni Simone
Published: May 2016

Em dezembro de 2009 o conselho consultivo do Iphan aprovou o tombamento do Centro Histórico de Iguape/SP, numa decisão que trouxe novidades importantes para a política de patrimônio no Estado de São Paulo. Algumas delas são o princípio essencial da interlocução e diálogo local, a inclusão do patrimônio natural como parte integrante dos bens edificados, a construção do estudo feita de modo indissociável da educação patrimonial e o entendimento dos vestígios materiais a partir dos processos históricos e de sua sobreposição espacial. Estas foram decisões metodológicas do estudo de tombamento que foi realizado pelas autoras do artigo como técnicas em patrimônio da Superintendência do Iphan em São Paulo. Tais decisões fundamentaram-se nas muitas transformações do patrimônio cultural como campo disciplinar postas desde a Constituição de 1988. O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar e problematizar o processo de patrimonialização do Centro Histórico de Iguape realizado pelo Iphan entre 2007 e 2009, momento em que a instituição renova seus quadros técnicos e busca novos parâmetros de atuação. Com foco nessa experiência de tombamento o trabalho apresenta de forma crítica os resultados de uma política de proteção ao patrimônio nacional.
Castelo Simões Lopes - um descaso com a história e o dinheiro público na cidade de Pelotas/RS
Authors: Torres Ariela da Silva , Bezerra Miguel Tarouco
Published: May 2016

Pelotas, cidade localizada no Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil, é uma cidade reconhecida pela qualidade cultural de inúmeros setores, onde o patrimônio histórico está refletido na arquitetura e desta maneira tem notoriedade a nível nacional. A cidade possui inúmeros exemplares arquitetônicos que caracterizam a grande diversidade de edificações históricas e também a força política que a região teve durante o período da alta sociedade local. Como representante de uma época nobre a cidade tem como exemplo o Castelo Simões Lopes. Este se tornou um imóvel tombado de valor estadual, título que deveria garantir a preservação e conservação do local, mas algo que não acontece atualmente, pois se transformou em um espaço urbano ocioso, local de atividades ilícitas e desta maneira descaracterizando sua arquitetura. Em função de sua importância histórica e arquitetônica para a cidade foi escolhido como objeto de estudo deste trabalho a fim de colaborar com o governo municipal e estadual para que o próximo processo de intervenção desta edificação seja realizado com qualidade e embasamento científico e que assim gere uma longa vida útil para a estrutura do Castelo.  O trabalho dividiu-se em duas etapas: primeiro realizou-se um levantamento visual e fotográfico das fachadas, e após analise da etapa anterior a fim de realizar sugestões de intervenção. Ressalta-se também que estes inúmeros processos de restauro já realizados, unindo ao abandono do local tem aumentado drasticamente os valores de reparação, gerando aos cofres públicos exorbitantes gastos que poderiam ter sido evitados, além de criar um ambiente impossível que a sociedade frequente.
A forma urbana a partir de planos diretores e leis de zoneamento do município de São Paulo
Authors: Nakano Anderson Kazuo , Guastella Sully Alonso
Published: May 2016

Há tempos os instrumentos de planejamento e regulação urbana utilizados no Brasil deixaram de considerar os efeitos espaciais e as formas urbanas produzidas pela implementação de seus parâmetros de parcelamento, uso e ocupação do solo. Poucos estudos se debruçaram sobre os tipos e formas de espaços urbanos produzidos a partir dos regramentos estabelecidos por planos diretores e leis de zoneamento. O presente artigo chama a atenção para a importância e necessidade de estudos dessa natureza ao discutir as relações entre mecanismos e parâmetros de regulação do parcelamento, uso e ocupação do solo e formas urbanas no contexto do Município de São Paulo. Assim, inicia com um panorama geral sobre essa relação a partir de estudos sobre o “zoning” norteamericano que influenciou fortemente o zoneamento paulistano. Em seguida apresenta e analisa aspectos relativos à relação entre parâmetros de ocupação do solo e a produção de empreendimentos imobiliários verticais presentes na Lei Geral de Zoneamento do Município de São Paulo de 1972 e nos Planos Diretores Estratégicos do Município de São Paulo de 2002 e 2014. Esse último Plano Diretor, sancionado recentemente, incluiu mecanismos e parâmetros de regulação da ocupação do solo paulistano com a intenção explícita de induzir a geração de formas urbanas com maior interação entre espaços públicos e privados, edificações e calçadas, quadras e ruas.
Explicit Formulas Describing: The Binary Operations Calculus In \(E_{a,b}\)
Authors: Abdelhakim Chillali , Charkani Mohamed
Published: May 2016

In this work we study the elliptic curve over theartinian principal ideal ring \(A=\mathbf{F}_q[\epsilon]\), \((\epsilon^3=0)\). More precisely, we establish a group homomorphism betweens \((\mathbf{F}_q^2,+)\) and theabelian group \(E_{a,b}\) of elliptic curve. For cryptographyapplications, we give meany various explicit formulas describingthe binary operations calculus in \(E_{a,b}\).
Controlling Attacks of Rogue Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) to Improve Pedagogical Activities in Mobile Collaborative Learning (MCL) Environment
Authors: Razaque Abdul , Elleithy Khaled
Published: May 2016

Mobile collaborative learning (MCL) is extremely recognized as focusing archetype in educational institutions. It demonstrates cerebral synergy of assorted collective minds. It handles several problems in order to motivate social activity for mutual communication. To advance and promote baseline for MCL; several supporting frameworks, architectures including number of different mobile applications have been introduced. But, no one has mainly focused to augment the security of those architectures. The paper handles issues of rogue DHCP server that highly affects network resources during MCL. The rogue DHCP is illegal server that issues the fake IP address to users for sniffing the legal traffic. This contribution specially targets the malicuius attacks that weaken the security of mobile supported collaborative framework (MSCF). The paper introduces multi-frame signature-cum anomaly-based intrusion detection system (MSAIDS) that blocks an unlawful behavior of rogue DHCP server. This novel security method emphasize confidence of users and secures also network from illegitimate interference of rogue DHCP server. Finally, paper confirms scheme through simulations. The simulations comrises of testbed, ns2 and discrete simulation.
Ibn Sīnā. A Philosophical Mysticism or a Philosophy of Mysticism?
Authors: JANSSENS Jules
Published: May 2016

It is a well-known fact that Ibn Sīnā in the final part of his work al-Ishārāt wa-l-tanbīhāt, Pointers and Reminders, extensively uses a mystical vocabulary. Given this fact some scholars have judged that he in this – in all likelihood rather late – work adheres to a kind of mysticism, either religious or, at least, philosophical. Based on a detailed analysis of some of the most significant passages, the present paper offers evidence that such an interpretation does not pay enough attention to the very way in which Ibn Sīnā interprets the mystical notions that are undeniably present in the last three sections of the Ishārāt. In fact, Ibn Sīnā’s use of them reveals to have nothing, or almost nothing in common with the meaning attributed to them in Sufi-writings, or in (mainly Neoplatonic) ‘mystical’ philosophy. It is concluded that Ibn Sīnā, in the final part of the Ishārāt, offers what may be labelled a ‘philosophical project that rationally interprets mystical terms, expressions, and phenomena’, rather than as ‘a philosophical mysticism’.
Determinan Kejadian Malaria di Wilayah Endemis
Authors: Hasyim Hamzah , Camelia Anita , Fajar Nur Alam
Published: May 2016

Kabupaten Lahat adalah salah satu wilayah endemis malaria di Sumatera Selatan dengan prevalensi 16,4% dan Annual Malaria Incidence 22,08. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor risiko lingkungan dengan kejadian malaria. Faktor risiko lingkungan genangan air (breeding place) berhubungan dengan kejadian malaria dengan nilai p= 0,000. Analisis multivariat menemukan determinan utama kejadian malaria adalah breeding place di sekitar rumah responden dengan odds ratio (OR) = 5,034 dan 95% CI = 2,65 _ 9,56. Responden yang tinggal di sekitar breeding place berisiko 5,03 kali lebih besar untuk menderita malaria dibandingkan dengan responden yang di sekitar rumah tidak terdapat breeding place setelah dikontrol variabel jarak rumah ke breeding place, ventilasi rumah, penggunaan kelambu, penggunaan obat anti nyamuk, dan kebiasaan keluar rumah pada malam hari.Lahat district is one of the malaria endemic area in South Sumatra Province with a prevalence of 16.4% and Annual Malaria Incidence of 22.08. The case control reports were carried out of 240 respondents. This study aimed to understand the relationship among of environmental risk factors with the incidence of malaria. After primary data collection followed by processing and data analysis in a multimedia laboratory. There was association between breeding place and malaria cases (p value= 0.000). The results of multivariate analysis of variables revealed the determinant risk was breeding place, with OR = 5.034 and CI 95%= 2.65 _ 9.56. Respondents who live around the breeding place has 5.034 times chance of affected malaria compared with respondents around the house there are no breeding place after the controlled distance to the breeding place house, use of mosquito nets, use of anti-mosquito, and habits out of the house at night variables.
Peranan Ultraviolet B Sinar Matahari terhadap Status Vitamin D dan Tekanan Darah pada Wanita Usia Subur
Authors: Yosephin Betty , Khomsan Ali , Briawan Dodik , Rimbawan Rimbawan
Published: May 2016

Sinar ultraviolet B adalah sumber utama vitamin D, tetapi wanita usia subur yang bekerja di dalam ruangan mempunyai vitamin D yang rendah meskipun Indonesia negara tropis. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi peranan paparan sinar matahari pada wanita usia subur terhadap status vitamin D dan tekanan darah. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen tanpa kelompok kontrol pada 21 wanita sehat. Penelitian ini membandingkan status vitamin D dan tekanan darah sebelum dan setelah mendapat paparan sinar matahari pada wajah dan lengan tiga kali seminggu selama 12 minggu. Analisis data menggunakan uji t-berpasangan. Paparan sinar matahari dapat meningkatkan vitamin D. Serum 25(OH)D meningkat 15,9% dari 15.7 ng/dL menjadi 18,2 ng/dL. Paparan sinar matahari menurunkan tekanan darah sistolik (nilai p = 0,004) dan diastolik (nilai p = 0,011). Ultraviolet B dari sinar matahari 30 menit tiga kali seminggu selama 12 minggu dapat memperbaiki status vitamin D dan tekanan darah.Ultraviolet B sunlight exposure is a primary source of vitamin D, but women of childbearing age who worked in room every day had low serum vitamin D despite Indonesia is a tropical country. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of sun exposure in women of childbearing age on vitamin D status, and blood pressure. An intervention before-after study without group control was conducted on 21 healthy women. This study compared vitamin D status, and blood pressure before and after receiving ultraviolet B (UVB) from sun exposure on the face and both arms three times a week for 12 weeks. Anthropometric parameter and blood pressure were measured, were determined at baseline and after 12 weeks of sun exposure. The effect of sun exposure can improve vitamin D. Serum 25 (OH)D increase 15.9% from 15.7 ng/dL to 18.2 ng/dL. Sun exposure significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (p value = 0.004), and diastolic blood pressure (p value = 0.011). Ultraviolet B from sun exposure for 30 minutes, 3 times a week for 12 weeks improves the vitamin D status, and blood pressure.
Therapeutic Touch dan Nyeri Pasca Pembedahan
Authors: Mumpuni Mumpuni , Nurulhuda Uun , Roselina Elsa
Published: May 2016

Penanganan nyeri pada pasien yang dilakukan oleh profesi perawat lebih banyak mengacu pada pendekatan terapi medis dan farmakologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh therapeutic touch terhadap nyeri pasien pasca operasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuasi eksperimental yang dilakukan pada 60 orang responden, terdiri dari 30 orang kelompok intervensi dengan therapeutic touch dan 30 orang kelompok kontrol dengan teknik napas dalam. Penelitian berlangsung di ruang rawat bedah pasien dewasa RSUD Pasar Rebo. Data dikumpulkan dari bulan April hingga Oktober 2012. Hasil penelitian dengan uji Wilcoxon Signed Ranks menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara skala nyeri sebelum dan sesudah tindakan baik pada kelompok intervensi maupun kelompok kontrol (nilai p = 0,000). Hasil uji Mann-Whitney pun memperlihatkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan pada penurunan skala nyeri antara kelompok intervensi dengan kelompok kontrol (nilai p = 0,000).Pain management for patients by nurses refers to medical therapy and pharmacological approaches. This study aimed to determine the effect of therapeutic touch on post-operative pain. This study used a quasi-experimental design conducted on 60 respondents, comprised 30 person for intervention group (therapeutic touch) and 30 person for control group (deep-breaths technique). The study conducted in the surgical ward for adult patients at Pasar Rebo Hospital Jakarta. Data collected from April until October 2012. The result of Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test showed a significant difference between the pain scale before and after treatment either the intervention group or the control group (p value = 0.000). The Mann-Whitney test’s result also showed a significant difference in pain reduction between the scale of the intervention group with the control group (p value = 0.000).
Praktik Peracikan Puyer untuk Anak Penderita Tuberkulosis di Indonesia
Authors: Siahaan Selma , Mulyani Ully Adhie
Published: May 2016

Masih banyak ditemukan resep obat antituberkulosis anak dengan kombinasi beberapa obat dalam racikan puyer yang tidak sesuai standar program pemberantasan tuberkulosis (TB) paru Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui situasi dan permasalahan berhubungan praktik peresepan puyer sebagai obat anti tuberkulosis (OAT). Pada periode Mei hingga Desember tahun 2009, penelitian diawali dengan pengukuran persentase peracikan OAT dalam bentuk puyer, dilanjutkan dengan penelitian kualitatif eksploratif. Data dikumpulkan dari rumah sakit, puskesmas, apotek dan dinas kesehatan di Jakarta, Bandung, Medan, dan Makassar. Pada tiap fasilitas kesehatan, 30 sampel resep pengobatan diambil untuk pasien tuberkulosis anak usia 1 - 12 tahun. Kemudian dilakukan wawancara mendalam terhadap dokter anak, apoteker, keluarga pasien, dan pegawai dinas kesehatan yang terkait. Penelitian menemukan persentase peracikan OAT adalah 25% untuk campuran rifampicin dan isoniazid, dan 18% untuk campuran rifampicin, isoniazid, dan pyrazinamid. Semua informan menyadari bahwa praktik peracikan puyer tergolong pengobatan yang irasional, tetapi situasi yang mereka hadapi membuat mereka terus meresepkan dan membuat peracikan puyer. Ketersediaan fixed dose combination (FDC) yang rendah untuk OAT serta harga yang mahal menjadi alasan utama. Pemerintah dan organisasi profesi perlu meningkatkan pembinaan secara terus menerus kepada tenaga kesehatan berhubungan serta meningkatkan akses masyarakat terhadap FDC untuk tuberkulosis anak.There are still many practices of treating sick children with a mixture of several medicines for children suffering from tuberculosis, called it “puyer”. It is not following the standard from Ministry of Health. This study explored the complex situation dealing with the practice of compounded medicines. It was innitially by assessment the percentage of “puyer” prescription, and followed by the qualitative study, from May to December 2009. Data were collected from hospitals, primary health cares and pharmacies in Jakarta, Bandung, Medan, and Makassar. From every health cares facilities, 30 prescriptions were collected for children age 1 to 12 years old. Then, we conducted in-depth interviews with pediatricians, pharmacist, patients’ families and health officers about “puyer” prescription for children. The prevalence of prescription consists of “puyer” for children were 25% for isoniazid and rifampicin and 18% for isoniazid, pyrazinamid, and rifampicin. All informants knew “puyer” prescription is irrational, because the complex situation they faced they continued to give “puyer” to patients. Low availability and high price of fixed doses combination (FDC) are main reasons. The government and association of doctors/pharmacist should enforce discipline to their member to obey therapy standard. The government should improve access to FDC medicines for children suffering tuberculosis.
Partisipasi Semu Ibu Hamil di Posyandu
Authors: Devy Shrimarti Rukmini , Hakimi Muhammad , Prabandari Yayi Suryo , Mardikanto Totok , Rafsandjani Dhody , Haryanto Sofyan
Published: May 2016

Salah satu kebijakan pembangunan bidang kesehatan yang dipergunakan untuk mengatasi kesehatan ibu hamil adalah pemberdayaan masyarakat. Keberhasilan pemberdayaan dapat diketahui melalui berbagai cara, salah satunya partisipasi masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kondisi sosial, budaya, dan ekonomi yang mempengaruhi partisipasi ibu hamil ke posyandu. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan etnografi. Teknik yang digunakan untuk pengumpulan data adalah wawancara mendalam, focus group discussion, observasi dan nominal group process. Data yang diperoleh dari pendekatan kualitatif akan diolah dengan content analysis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan kondisi sosial, budaya dan ekonomi yang mempengaruhi partisipasi ibu hamil ke posyandu di Desa Rapa Laok, bermula pada faktor kemiskinan. Kondisi sosial dan budaya yang berpengaruh pada partisipasi ibu hamil, yaitu kepercayaan pada mitos dan pantangan makanan bertentangan dengan aturan medis. Kondisi ekonomi yang berpengaruh pada partisipasi ibu hamil, yaitu beban fisik dan psikis ibu hamil terhadap kesejahteraan keluarga berlebihan. Ibu hamil datang untuk memeriksakan diri ke posyandu bukan karena kesadaran untuk menjaga kesehatan tetapi untuk mendapat imbalan satu dus mi instan. Model partisipasi ibu hamil ke posyandu yang tepat adalah dengan pendekatan nondirektif (partisipatif) yang produktif.One of the development policies in health sector that is currently used to overcome maternal health issues is the community empowerment. The success of the community empowerment can be measured through the people participation. The objectives is to identify the social, cultural, and economic conditions which might influence the pregnant women participation in integrated service post. This study used a qualitative approach with an ethnographic design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussion, observation, and nominal group process. The data collected were analyzed using content analysis. The social, cultural, and economic conditions that strongly affected the pregnant women participation in integrated service post, because of the poverty. The social and cultural condition that affected belief in myths and food taboos which are highly contradictory to the medical rules. The economic conditions that affected is women have heavy domestic and productive workloads. Their physical and psychological burdens were excessively high that could endanger the health. The participation of pregnant women was not based on true awareness for maintaining their health but such participation was more based on their desires of getting one box of instant noodles. The participation model for the pregnant women was designed using participatory (nondirective) approach which was productive.
Model Pengambilan Keputusan Meningkatkan Akseptor Keluarga Berencana Metode Kontrasepsi Jangka Panjang
Authors: Manurung Suryani
Published: May 2016

Pada periode 2002-2012, tren angka fertilitas total mengalami stagnasi sekitar 2,6. Milenium Development Goals (MDGs) menunjukkan kemajuan yang baik, tetapi masih memerlukan kerja keras untuk mencapai target tahun 2015. Khususnya upaya untuk mencapai target 102 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup. Metode keluarga berencana (KB) yang banyak digunakan pasien pascapersalinan saat ini adalah metode kontrasepsi jangka pendek seperti pil dan suntik. Sedang metode kontrasepsi jangka panjang seperti intra uterine device dan implant cenderung turun satu poin dari tahun 2002 hingga 2007. Upaya mengatasi masalah yang sedang dialami masyarakat Indonesia saat ini meningkatkan akseptor KB metode kontrasepsi jangka panjang (MKJP). Model pengambilan keputusan adalah alat yang dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan KB di tingkat pelayanan kesehatan primer dan sekunder. Alat tersebut dapat membantu meningkatkan kepuasan pasien, penggunaan jasa konseling, dan pemilihan penggunaan KB MKJP yang aman dan efektif. Model shared decision ma-king adalah model pengambilan keputusan yang banyak digunakan, bermanfaat dalam memotivasi pasien memilih perawatan yang tepat dan mem-pertahankan hubungan terapeutik. Diharapkan jumlah akseptor KB MKJP dapat memenuhi target MDGs 2015. Trends in total fertility rate from the year 2002-2012, amounting to 2.6 stag-nated. Targets of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) have shown good progress but still needs to work hard to achieve in 2015. MDGs particular purpose, efforts are needed to achieve the 2015 target of 102 per 100,000 live births. Family planning method that is widely used today are short-term contraceptive methods such as pills or injections. Being a long-term contraceptive methods (LTM) such as intra uterine device and implants tend to go down one point from the year 2002 to 2007. Efforts to address the problems being experienced by the people of Indonesia is currently im-proving family planning acceptors LTM. Decision making model is a tool de-veloped to improve the quality of family planning services at the level of pri-mary and secondary health care. This tool can help increase the patient satisfaction, using counseling services, and the selection use is safe and effective of contraceptive LTM. Model of shared decision making is a decision making model that is widely used, useful in motivating patients choose the proper care and maintain a therapeutic relationship. Expected number of family planning acceptors LTM can meet MDGs targets by 2015.
Faktor Determinan Pemilihan Makanan Jajanan pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Kristianto Yohanes , Riyadi Bastianus Doddy , Mustafa Annasari
Published: May 2016

Makanan jajanan pada siswa sekolah masih banyak yang bermutu rendah sehingga keterampilan anak dalam memilih memegang peran penting dalam mendapatkan jajanan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai mutu jajanan siswa sekolah dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang menentukan pemilihan jajanan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional pada 120 siswa sekolah dasar di Kota Batu yang dipilih secara purposif pada bulan September hingga Desember 2009. Mutu jajanan sekolah diperiksa di laboratorium. Siswa diminta untuk menjawab 28 pertanyaan tentang pemilihan jajanan. Data yang diperoleh diolah dan dianalisis dengan uji analisis faktor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada umumnya jajanan pada siswa seko-lah mengandung energi di bawah standar (300 Kkal/ orsi). Komposisi bahan penyusun jajanan kurang bervariasi. Sebagian besar jajanan (71,4%) mengandung formalin. Faktor utama yang menentukan pemilihan jajanan di sekolah mencakup variabel harga, hadiah, ukuran porsi, aroma, dan kebebasan menentukan pilihan sendiri. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kandungan gizi dan keamanan jajanan anak sekolah perlu ditingkatkan. Determinan utama pemilihan jajanan didominasi aspek harga, hadiah, dan cita rasa. Untuk membuat jajanan yang bergizi dan aman disarankan pembuatan dilakukan dengan menggunakan bahan pangan dan teknologi lokal. Selain itu, juga diperlukan penegakan hukum terkait dengan penggunaan bahan berbahaya dalam jajanan siswa sekolah.Snacks of poor qualities which still predominate foods sold in school high-lights the importance of skill in choosing healthy foods. This research was aimed to examine the quality of snack and determine factors that contribute to children’s food choice. The study was conducted using cross sectional design on purposefully selected 120 school children from four elementary schools in Kota Batu in September to December 2009. School snacks were collected for laboratory analyses. The children were asked to the extent they agree or disagree with 28 questions on snack choice. The collected data were analysed using factor analysis test. The study revealed that the energy content of the snacks was generally below standard (300 Kcal/serving). The snacks were in most cases made of less diverse food ingredients while 71.4% samples contained formaldehyde. The children choice to snacks were primarily determined by factor including price, gimmick, serving size, flavor, and freedom to choose their own snacks. It is concluded that both snack quality and safety should be improved. Determining factors to snack choice mainly cover price, gimmick, and food sensory qualities. Snacks made of local mixed-ingredients should be promoted to decrease the price while regulations on providing better and safer foods should be seriously enforced.
Model Pengendalian Demam Berdarah Dengue
Authors: Fidayanto Ringga , Susanto Hari , Yohanan Agus , Yudhastuti Ririh
Published: May 2016

Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) adalah penyakit berbasis vektor yang menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di negara-negara tropis termasuk Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan memprediksi kejadian DBD berdasarkan faktor iklim yang meliputi curah hujan, kelembaban, suhu udara dan lama penyinaran matahari serta model pengendalian. Desain penelitian adalah studi ekologi time series dengan data sekunder dari dinas kesehatan kota Surabaya meliputi kejadian DBD dan angka bebas jentik (ABJ) serta data iklim curah hujan, kelembaban, suhu udara dan lama penyinaran matahari yang didapatkan dari Badan Meteorologi dan Geofisika Badan (BMKG) stasiun perak Surabaya. Penelitian tersebut menemukan kelembaban berkorelasi dengan angka bebas jentik, tetapi ABJ tidak berkorelasi dengan jumlah kejadian DBD. Model pengendalian DBD dirediksi berdasarkan korelasi faktor iklim dan kejadian DBD, pengendalian sumber penyakit, pengendalian media transmisi dan paparan pada masyarakat. Model  pengendalian DBD dapat digunakan untuk tindakan kewaspadaan dini dengan melakukan pengendalian DBD pada periode bulan Januari hingga Juni. Pada bulan tersebut, musim hujan akan berakhir, tetapi menyisakan genangan air sebagai tempat perindukan nyamuk Aedes aegypti dan peningkatan suhu udara yang meningkatkan penularan DBD.Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a vector-based diseases are a public health problem in many tropical countries, including Indonesia. This study aims to predict the incidence of dengue by climatic factors (rainfall, humi-dity, air temperature and solar irradiation time) and Its control model. The study design was ecological time series study, using secondary data for 3 Years i.e. 2009, 2010 and 2011. The data was the incidence of dengue larva free number from Surabaya city health department as well as climate da-ta obtained from the Meteorology and Geophysics Agency, Perak Station  Surabaya. The results showed that the humidity effect on larva-free number (ABJ), but the larvae-free number had no effect on the incidence of DHF, but the larvae-free number no significant effect on the incidence of dengue. Model predictive control of DHF is based on the correlation between climate and dengue incidence, control of diseases, control of transmission. Models can be used to control dengue early warning measures to control dengue in the month of January until June period in which the month before the rainy season ends, but leaves puddles as breeding places of Aedes aegypti as well as rising the temperature increases lead to transmission of dengue fever.
Status Gizi Balita Berdasarkan Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure
Authors: Rahmadini Nurani , Sudiarti Trini , Utari Diah Mulyawati
Published: May 2016

Upaya menurunkan prevalensi kurang gizi pemerintah membuat program Keluarga Sadar Gizi (Kadarzi). Cakupan Kadarzi Kota Depok tahun 2011 rendah (12,7%) dan prevalensi gizi kurang, pendek, kurus berturut-turut 7,89%, 7%, 4,75%. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui faktor dominan terhadap status gizi balita 6 - 59 bulan berdasarkan Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF). Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder hasil survei Kadarzi 2011. Survei dilakukan di sebelas kecamatan Kota Depok menggunakan desain cross sectional. Sampel sebanyak 1.176 keluarga yang memiliki balita termuda umur 6 _ 59 bulan. Variabel yang diteliti adalah status gizi balita, perilaku Kadarzi, status Kadarzi, karakteristik balita, dan karakteristik keluarga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi balita gagal tumbuh 31%. Terdapat dua variabel yang memberikan pengaruh status gizi balita secara bersama-sama yaitu penimbangan balita (nilai p = 0,003) dan pendidikan ibu (nilai p = 0,034). Uji regresi logistik ganda menunjukkan penimbangan balita sebagai faktor dominan terhadap status gizi balita. Balita yang ditimbang tidak teratur berisiko 1,5 kali mengalami gagal tumbuh dibandingkan yang ditimbang teratur. Indeks CIAF berguna untuk mengetahui prevalensi gizi kurang secara keseluruhan dan penanggulangannya. Diperlukan penyuluhan dan promosi yang lebih aktif kepada masyarakat mengenai pentingnya pemantauan pertumbuhan balita melalui posyandu dan melakukan pembinaan kader posyandu dalam pemantauan status pertumbuhan anak sebagai deteksi dini adanya gangguan pertumbuhan.Effort to reduce malnutrition governments make Keluarga Sadar Gizi (Kadarzi). Kadarzi in Depok 2011 still low (12,7%) and the prevalence of underweight, stunting, wasting are respectively 7,89%, 7%, 4,75%. This study aimed to determine the dominant factor for nutritional status of children based on Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF). Research using secondary data survey Kadarzi 2011. The survey was conducted using a cross sectional study in 11 districts. Samples of 1,176 families who have children youngest aged 6 - 59 months. The variables studied were the nutritional status, Kadarzi behaviors, Kadarzi status, children characteristics, and family characteristics. Results showed prevalence of growth faltering (31%). There are two variables that influence nutritional status, child’s weighing (p value = 0,003) and mother’s education (p value = 0,034). Multiple logistic regression analysis show child’s weighing as a dominant factor to the nutritional status of children. Children who are weighed not regularly are more risky 1,5 to get growth faltering then children who are weighed regularly. CIAF is useful to determine prevalence of undernutrition clearly and its solution. Counseling and promotion about child’s growth monitoring are required as early detection of growth faltering.
Penggugusan Provinsi di Indonesia Berdasarkan Kondisi Kesehatan
Authors: Prasetyo Sabarinah , Ariawan Iwan , Yelda Fitra
Published: May 2016

Untuk melaksanakan penelitian di Indonesia yang dapat mewakili 33 provinsi, sampling bertahap banyak dilakukan, dan tahap awalnya adalah memilih provinsi. Pada penelitian bidang kesehatan, agar provinsi terpilih mewakili kondisi kesehatan penduduk Indonesia, seyogyanya provinsi dikelompokkan berdasarkan variabel terkait kesehatan. Untuk itu, secara statistik dapat dilakukan analisis gugus (cluster analysis) memakai data dari berbagai sumber, dengan 27 variabel mencakup prevalensi beberapa penyakit infeksi dan status gizi, akses ke pelayanan kesehatan, status demografi, indeks pembangunan manusia, dan aspek keuangan. Hasil akhir menunjukkan bahwa ada 4 gugus provinsi di Indonesia, pada masing-masing gugus terdapat sebanyak 4, 8, 7, dan 14 provinsi. Proses penggugusan dengan analisis gugus semacam ini dapat diterapkan dengan memakai data yang diperbaharui dan hasilnya dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai salah satu pertimbangan untuk sampling provinsi di Indonesia.Amultistage sampling procedure is often used in conducting a research that represents all 33 provinces in Indonesia, and the first step for the procedure is the sample selection of provinces. In the area of health research, it is recommended that the province selection is based on the stratification of provinces using health related variables. Cluster analysis is a statistical technique possibly employed utilizing data from many sources. In this particular application, it involves 27 important health variables which reflect important communicable diseases and nutritional status, access to health services, demographic situation, human development index, and financial factor. This cluster analysis produces four clusters of province, with each of them comprising of 4, 8, 7, and 14 provinces. This statistical clustering technique of provinces can be implemented and considered in the sampling process of provinces in Indonesia using the updated data.
Perbandingan Zat Besi dengan dan Tanpa Vitamin C terhadap Kadar Hemoglobin Wanita Usia Subur
Authors: Utama Tuti Anggriani , Listiana Nora , Susanti Desi
Published: May 2016

Anemia pada wanita pekerja masih merupakan masalah kesehatan yang dapat menurunkan produktivitas kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan zat besi dengan dan tanpa vitamin C terhadap kadar hemoglobin. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu Quasy Experimental dengan Pre Test and Post Test Control Group Design. Populasi penelitian berjumlah 600 orang dan sampel berjumlah 60 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel random sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara pengamatan, wawancara, pemeriksaan hemoglobin, dan data sekunder. Pada kelompok perlakuan diberi tablet zat besi dan dVitamin C, pada kelompok kontrol hanya diberi tablet zat besi. Intervensi yang dilakukan adalah pemberian tablet zat besi dengan dan tanpa vitamin C, satu kapsul perminggu.Nilai rata-rata kadar hemoglobin pada kelompok kontrol pada sebelum intervensi yaitu 9,15 gram/dL dan setelah intervensi meningkat menjadi 10,19 gram/dL. Pada kelompok perlakuan rata-rata kadar hemoglobin sebelum intervensi sebesar 9,5 gram/dL dan meningkat menjadi 11,44 gram/dL sesudah inter- vensi. Hasil uji T berpasangan menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan pada nilai mean kadar hemoglobin pada kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan (nilai p = 0,000). Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu masukan perencanaan dan evaluasi program gizi yang dapat dilakukan dalam rangka meningkatkan pola hidup sehat wanita pekerja di PT Sarana Mandiri Mukti Kepahiang.Anemia in women workers, remains a health problem that can reduce work productivity. The study aimed to compare iron with and without vitamin C to hemoglobin levels. Quasy experimental research was conducted with pre test and post test control group design. Study population were of 600 people and 60 people as sample with random sampling technique. Data was collected through observations, interviews, examination of hemoglobin and secondary data. In the treatment group were given iron and plus Vitamin C, in the control group were given only iron. Intervention is the provision of iron with and without vitamin C, one capsule a week.Mean of hemoglobin level in control group before intervention was 9.15 gram/dL increased to 10.19 gram/dL in after intervention. Treatment group also show increasing hemoglobin level mean before and after intervention from 9.5 gram/dL to 11.44 gram/dL. Paired T test revealed significant differences between control and treatment group (p value = 0.000). It is hoped this research can be used as one input and evaluation of nutrition programs planning to do in order to improve healthy lifestyles of women workers at PT Sarana Mandiri Mukti Kapahiang.