bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chiral Selective Chemistry Induced by Natural Selection of Spin‐Polarized Electrons
Authors: Rosenberg Richard A. , Mishra Debabrata , Naaman Ron
Published: May 2015

The search to understand the origin of homochirality in nature has been ongoing since the time of Pasteur. Previous work has shown that DNA can act as a spin filter for low‐energy electrons and that spin‐polarized secondary electrons produced by X‐ray irradiation of a magnetic substrate can induce chiral selective chemistry. In the present work it is demonstrated that secondary electrons from a substrate that are transmitted through a chiral overlayer cause enantiomeric selective chemistry in an adsorbed adlayer. We determine the quantum yields (QYs) for dissociation of (R)‐ or (S)‐epichlorohydrin adsorbed on a chiral self‐assembled layer of DNA on gold and on bare gold (for control). The results show that there is a significant difference in the QYs between the two enantiomers when adsorbed on DNA, but none when they are adsorbed on bare Au. We propose that the effect results from natural spin filtering effects cause by the chiral monolayer.
Michael Addition Catalyzed by Chiral Secondary Amine Phosphoramide Using Fluorinated Silyl Enol Ethers: Formation of Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters
Authors: Yu Jin‐Sheng , Liao Fu‐Min , Gao Wei‐Ming , Liao Kui , Zuo Run‐Lin , Zhou Jian
Published: May 2015

A chiral secondary amine phosphoramide was developed and identified as a powerful catalyst for the Mukaiyama–Michael addition of fluorinated enol silyl ethers to tetrasubstituted olefins. The resulting products are obtained with high enantioselectivities and contain a quaternary carbon stereocenter bearing either a difluoroalkyl or monofluoroalkyl group.
Highly Amino Acid Selective Hydrolysis of Myoglobin at Aspartate Residues as Promoted by Zirconium(IV)‐Substituted Polyoxometalates
Authors: Ly Hong Giang T. , Absillis Gregory , Janssens Rik , Proost Paul , Parac‐Vogt Tatjana N.
Published: May 2015

SDS‐PAGE/Edman degradation and HPLC MS/MS showed that zirconium(IV)‐substituted Lindqvist‐, Keggin‐, and Wells–Dawson‐type polyoxometalates (POMs) selectively hydrolyze the protein myoglobin at AspX peptide bonds under mildly acidic and neutral conditions. This transformation is the first example of highly sequence selective protein hydrolysis by POMs, a novel class of protein‐hydrolyzing agents. The selectivity is directed by Asp residues located on the surface of the protein and is further assisted by electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged POMs and positively charged surface patches in the vicinity of the cleavage site.
Preparation and characterization of poly(o‐anisidine) with the influence of surfactants on stainless steel by electrochemical polymerization as a counter electrode for dye‐sensitized solar cells
Authors: Menaka Chandrasekaran , Manisankar Paramasivam , Stalin Thambusamy
Published: May 2015

Efficient fast electron transfer from counter electrode to an electrolyte is a key process during the operation of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). We introduce a surfactants assisted electro‐polymerized poly(o‐anisidine) (POA) counter electrodes (CE) for DSSCs. Commencing the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the POA/sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) CE exhibited very low series and charge‐transfer resistance. This is due to high electrocatalytic activity confirmed by cyclic voltammetry, surface area and the conductivity of the stainless steel film. The photovoltaic performance of POA/SDS counter electrode shows an energy conversion efficiency of 2.5% under 1 sun illumination. Short‐term stability test for POA/SDS point out that CE have almost uphold its initial performance. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42310.
It's all in the mime: Actions speak louder than words when teaching the cranial nerves
Authors: Dickson Kerry Ann , Stephens Bruce Warren
Published: May 2015

Cranial nerve (CN) knowledge is essential for students in health professions. Gestures and body movements (e.g., mime) have been shown to improve cognition and satisfaction with anatomy teaching. The aim of this pilot study was to compare the effectiveness of didactic lecturing with that of miming lecturing for student learning of the CNs. The research design involved exposure of the same group of students to didactic followed by miming lecturing of CNs. The effectiveness of each lecturing strategy was measured via pre‐ and post‐testing. Student perceptions of these strategies were measured by a survey. As an example of miming, gestures for CN VII included funny faces for muscles of facial expression, kangaroo vocalization for taste, spitting action for saliva production, and crying for lacrimal gland production. Accounting for extra duration of the miming lecture, it was shown that pre‐ to post‐test improvement was higher for the miming presentation than for the didactic (0.47 ± 0.03 marks/minute versus 0.33 ± 0.03, n = 39, P < 0.005). Students perceived that the miming lecture was more interactive, engaging, effective, and motivating to attend (mean on five‐point Likert scale: 4.62, 4.64, 4.56, 4.31, respectively) than the didactic lecture. In the final examination, performance was better (P < 0.001, n = 39) on the CN than on the non‐CN questions—particularly for students scoring ≤60%. While mediating factors need elucidation (e.g., learning due to repetition of content), this study's findings support the theory that gestures and body movements help learners to acquire anatomical knowledge. Anat Sci Educ 8: 584–592. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Association of Anatomists.
Cognitive Reflection Predicts Real‐Life Decision Outcomes, but Not Over and Above Personality and Decision‐Making Styles
Authors: Juanchich Marie , Dewberry Chris , Sirota Miroslav , Narendran Sunitha
Published: May 2015

The Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT), designed to assess the ability to inhibit intuition to process a problem analytically, predicts people's performance in many normative judgement and decision‐making tasks (e.g., Bayesian reasoning, conjunction fallacy and ratio bias). However, how the CRT predicts normative decision‐making performance is unclear, and little is known about the extent to which the CRT predicts real‐life decision outcomes. We investigate the role of the CRT in predicting real‐life decision outcomes and examine whether the CRT predicts real‐life decision outcomes after controlling for two related individual differences: the Big Five personality traits and decision‐making styles. Our results show that greater CRT scores predict positive real‐life decision outcomes measured by the Decision Outcome Inventory. However, the effect size was small, and the relationship became non‐significant after statistically controlling for personality and decision‐making styles. We discuss the limited predictive role of cognitive reflection in real‐life decision‐making outcomes, along with the roles of personality and decision‐making styles. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of rurality, deprivation and distance from clinic on uptake in men invited for abdominal aortic aneurysm screening
Authors: Crilly M A , Mundie A , Bachoo P , Nimmo F
Published: May 2015

Background

Effective abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) screening requires high uptake. The aim was to assess the independent association of screening uptake with rurality, social deprivation, clinic type, distance to clinic and season.

Methods

Screening across Grampian was undertaken by trained nurses in six community and three hospital clinics. Men aged 65 years were invited for screening by post (with 2 further reminders for non-responders). AAA screening data are stored on a national call–recall database. The Scottish postcode directory was used to allocate to all invited men a deprivation index (Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation), a Scottish urban/rural category and distance to clinic. Multivariable analysis was undertaken.

Results

The cohort included 5645 men invited for screening over 12 months (October 2012 to October 2013); 42·6 per cent lived in urban areas, 38·9 per cent in rural areas and 18·5 per cent in small towns (uptake 87·0, 89·3 and 90·8 per cent respectively). Overall uptake was 88·6 per cent with 76 new AAAs detected: 15·2 (95 per cent c.i. 11·8 to 18·6) per 1000 men screened. Aberdeen city (large urban area) had the lowest uptake (86·1 per cent). Uptake declined with increasing deprivation, with the steepest decline in urban areas. On multivariable analysis, a 1-point increase in deprivation deciles was associated with a 0·08 (95 per cent c.i. 0·06 to 0·11) reduction in the odds of being screened (P < 0·001). Clinic type (community versus hospital), distance to clinic and season were not associated independently with uptake.

Conclusion

Both urban residence and social deprivation were associated independently with uptake among men invited for AAA screening.
Surgical treatment for portal hypertension
Authors: Mercado M A
Published: May 2015

Surgical expertise that is likely to be lost
Biomass‐Derived Porous Carbon Materials: Synthesis and Catalytic Applications
Authors: De Sudipta , Balu Alina Mariana , van der Waal Jan C. , Luque Rafael
Published: May 2015

Novel biomass‐derived porous carbons are attractive candidates for the preparation of carbon‐supported catalysts with a wide range of catalytic applications. Such carbonaceous catalysts are environmentally benign and could provide a cost‐competitive advantage as compared to existing heterogeneous catalysts. Tunable surface properties of carbon materials and excellent physical properties (e.g., hydrophobicity, chemically inert nature, etc.) are compatible with diverse catalysis reactions including organic transformations, as well as electro‐ and photochemical processes in aqueous solutions. This contribution provides an overview on the utilization of different biomass feedstocks and/or biomass‐derived precursors for the synthesis of carbonaceous materials to design advanced catalytic systems and their emerging applications in catalysis.
Comparison of the Full Catalytic Cycle of Hydroformylation Mediated by Mono‐ and Bis‐Ligated Triphenylphosphine–Rhodium Complexes by Using DFT Calculations
Authors: Jacobs Ivo , de Bruin Bas , Reek Joost N. H.
Published: May 2015

The coordination mode of triphenylphosphine to rhodium is considered to be important for the outcome of hydroformylation catalysis. The difference in reactivity between mono‐ and bis‐ligated rhodium species has not been investigated systematically, mostly because it is impossible to obtain pure mono‐ligated rhodium under hydroformylation conditions. Therefore, we performed detailed computational studies to get an insight into the effect of the coordination of triphenylphosphine to rhodium on hydroformylation catalysis. The DFT‐calculated catalytic pathway of the monophosphine‐based catalyst shows a lower free energy barrier (24.5 kcal mol−1) compared to the pathway of the bisphosphine catalyst (28.9 kcal mol−1). This confirms that monophosphine catalysts have an intrinsically higher activity than bisphosphine catalysts and indicates that the rate enhancement seen with the tetraphenylporphyrin‐based catalyst reported by our group previously is at least partly due to the monocoordination enforced by this encapsulating ligand.
Complex Reaction Environments and Competing Reaction Mechanisms in Zeolite Catalysis: Insights from Advanced Molecular Dynamics
Authors: De Wispelaere Kristof , Ensing Bernd , Ghysels An , Meijer Evert Jan , Van Speybroeck Veronique
Published: May 2015

The methanol‐to‐olefin process is a showcase example of complex zeolite‐catalyzed chemistry. At real operating conditions, many factors affect the reactivity, such as framework flexibility, adsorption of various guest molecules, and competitive reaction pathways. In this study, the strength of first principle molecular dynamics techniques to capture this complexity is shown by means of two case studies. Firstly, the adsorption behavior of methanol and water in H‐SAPO‐34 at 350 °C is investigated. Hereby an important degree of framework flexibility and proton mobility was observed. Secondly, the methylation of benzene by methanol through a competitive direct and stepwise pathway in the AFI topology was studied. Both case studies clearly show that a first‐principle molecular dynamics approach enables unprecedented insights into zeolite‐catalyzed reactions at the nanometer scale to be obtained.
Cage‐like Copper(II) Silsesquioxanes: Transmetalation Reactions and Structural, Quantum Chemical, and Catalytic Studies
Authors: Bilyachenko Alexey N. , Dronova Marina S. , Yalymov Alexey I. , Lamaty Frédéric , Bantreil Xavier , Martinez Jean , Bizet Christelle , Shul'pina Lidia S. , Korlyukov Alexander A. , Arkhipov Dmitry E. , Levitsky Mikhail M. , Shubina Elena S. , Kirillov Alexander M. , Shul'pin Georgiy B.
Published: May 2015

The transmetalation of bimetallic copper–sodium silsesquioxane cages, namely, [(PhSiO1.5)10(CuO)2(NaO0.5)2] (“Cooling Tower”; 1), [(PhSiO1.5)12(CuO)4(NaO0.5)4] (“Globule”; 2), and [(PhSiO1.5)6(CuO)4(NaO0.5)4(PhSiO1.5)6] (“Sandwich”; 3), resulted in the generation of three types of hexanuclear cylinder‐like copper silsesqui‐ oxanes, [(PhSiO1.5)12(CuO)6(C4H9OH)2(C2H5OH)6] (4), [(PhSiO1.5)12(CuO)6(C4H8O2)4(PhCN)2(MeOH)4] (5), and [(PhSiO1.5)12(CuO)6(NaCl)(C4H8O2)12(H2O)2] (6). The products show a prominent “solvating system–structure” dependency, as determined by X‐ray diffraction. Topological analysis of cages 1–6 was also performed. In addition, DFT theory was used to examine the structures of the Cooling Tower and Cylinder compounds, as well as the spin density distributions. Compounds 1, 2, and 5 were applied as catalysts for the direct oxidation of alcohols and amines into the corresponding amides. Compound 6 is an excellent catalyst in the oxidation reactions of benzene and alcohols.
Iron‐Catalyzed C(sp2)H and C(sp3)H Methylations of Amides and Anilides
Authors: Graczyk Karolina , Haven Tobias , Ackermann Lutz
Published: May 2015

The so‐called magic methyl effect significantly boosts the bioactivities and physical properties of pharmacologically active drugs. Direct introduction of the methyl group by CH activation was accomplished with a versatile iron catalyst, which enabled the CH methylation of (hetero)benzamides, anilides, alkenes, and even alkanes by triazole assistance in a chemo‐, site‐ and diastereo‐selective fashion.
ChemInform Abstract: Three Alkali Metal Lead Orthophosphates ‐ Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Properties of APbPO4(A:K, Rb, Cs).
Authors: Huang Shengshi , Jing Qun , Han Jian , Pan Shilie , Wu Hongping , Yang Zhihua
Published: May 2015

Single crystals of the title compounds are prepared by solid state reactions of M2CO3 (M: K, Rb, Cs), PbO, PbF2, H3BO3, and (NH4)H2PO4 in a molar ratio of 2:5:5:4:3 (Pt crucible, 700 °C, 10 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Phase‐Change Behavior and Nonlinear Optical Second and Third Harmonic Generation of the One‐Dimensional K(1—x)CsxPSe6 and Metastable β‐CsPSe6.
Authors: Haynes Alyssa S. , Saouma Felix O. , Otieno Calford O. , Clark Daniel J. , Shoemaker Daniel P. , Jang Joon I. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: May 2015

The cation size effect on the NLO response of the APSe6 (A = K, K(1‐x)Csx, Cs) family of one‐dimensional nonlinear optical (NLO) materials is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Raman Detected Sensing of Volatile Organic Compounds by Vapochromic Cu[AuX2(CN)2]2 (X: Cl, Br) Coordination Polymer Materials.
Authors: Ovens Jeffrey S. , Leznoff Daniel B.
Published: May 2015

Cu[AuX2(CN)2]2 (X: Cl, Br) are prepared by reacting Cl2 gas with a MeOH suspension of Cu(OH)2[Au(Cn)2]2 or Br2 with the respective aqueous solution.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitridomagnesosilicate Ba[Mg3SiN4]:Eu2+ and Structure—Property Relations of Similar Narrow‐Band Red Nitride Phosphors.
Authors: Schmiechen Sebastian , Strobel Philipp , Hecht Cora , Reith Thomas , Siegert Markus , Schmidt Peter J. , Huppertz Petra , Wiechert Detlef , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: May 2015

Ba[Mg3SiN4]:Eux (x = 0.005‐0.025) is prepared by a solid state metathesis reaction of BaF2, Mg3N2, Si(NH)2, LiN3 as N source, Li as flux, and EuF3 as dopant (Ta tube in evacuated silica tube, 1050 °C, 24 h; cooling to 500 °C within 250 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Thermoelectric Enhancement in BaGa2Sb2 by Zn Doping.
Authors: Aydemir Umut , Zevalkink Alex , Ormeci Alim , Gibbs Zachary M. , Bux Sabah , Snyder G. Jeffrey
Published: May 2015

BaGa2‐xZnxSb2 (x = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1) are prepared by ball milling (steel vial and balls, 90 min) and hot pressing of stoichiometric amounts of GaSb, Ba, and Zn (550 °C, 40 MPa, 1 h).
ChemInform Abstract: New PbTiO3‐Type Giant Tetragonal Compound Bi2ZnVO6 and Its Stability under Pressure.
Authors: Yu Runze , Hojo Hajime , Oka Kengo , Watanuki Tetsu , Machida Akihiko , Shimizu Keisuke , Nakano Kiho , Azuma Masaki
Published: May 2015

The title compound is synthesized from a mixture of Bi2O3, ZnO, V2O3, and V2O5 with 10% excess of Bi and Zn (gold capsule, 9 GPa, 1373 K, 30 min).
ChemInform Abstract: [XeF5]+/Metal and [XeF5]+/Non‐Metal Mixed‐Cation Salts of Hexafluoridoantimonate(V).
Authors: Mazej Zoran , Goreshnik Evgeny
Published: May 2015

Compounds (III) and (V) (yields given in mg) are characterized by single crystal XRD and Raman spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure and Chemical Bonding Analysis of BaPtCd2.
Authors: Gulo Fakhili , Koehler Juergen
Published: May 2015

The new title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of the elements (Ta ampule, 850 °C for 15 h and 600 °C for 4 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Carbocations as Lewis Acid Catalysts: Reactivity and Scope.
Authors: Bah Juho , Naidu Veluru Ramesh , Teske Johannes , Franzen Johan
Published: May 2015

Tritylium tetrafluoroborate is used as a carbocationic Lewis acid catalyst for Diels—Alder, aza‐Diels—Alder, conjugate addition, halogenation, epoxide rearrangement as well as intramolecular ene reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Chiral Borane Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrosilylation of Imines.
Authors: Zhu Xiaxia , Du Haifeng
Published: May 2015

An enantioselective hydrosilylation of imines (I) is achieved using a chiral borane catalyst generated by in situ hydroboration of a binaphthyl‐based chiral diene with Piers′ borane.
ChemInform Abstract: Evaluation of Achiral Templates with Fluxional Broensted Basic Substituents in Enantioselective Conjugate Additions.
Authors: Adachi Shinya , Takeda Norihiko , Sibi Mukund P.
Published: May 2015

Efficient Mg‐catalyzed enantioselective addition of malononitrile to pyrazolidinone‐derived enoates (I) is achieved in the presence of indanone‐derived ligand BOX.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Preparation of (1Z)‐ and (1E)‐N‐Boc‐1‐amino‐1,3‐dienes by Stereospecific Base‐Promoted 1,4‐Elimination.
Authors: Tayama Eiji , Toma Yuka
Published: May 2015

N‐Boc‐1‐amino‐1,3‐dienes are obtained with perfect stereoselectivity by base‐promoted 1,4‐elimination reactions of N‐Boc‐1‐amino‐4‐methoxy‐2‐alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Diversity Oriented Approach to Phenylalanine Derivatives via the Diels—Alder Reaction Involving Sulfolene Intermediates.
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Bandi Vijayalakshmi
Published: May 2015

A variety of unusual, highly functionalized phenylalanine derivatives is synthesized by Diels—Alder reactions of sulfones (III) and (IX) as diene equivalents.
ChemInform Abstract: Hypervalent Iodine‐Mediated Synthesis of Benzoxazoles and Benzimidazoles via an Oxidative Rearrangement.
Authors: Zhang Xiaohui , Huang Ruofeng , Marrot Jerome , Coeffard Vincent , Xiong Yan
Published: May 2015

PhI(OAc)2‐mediated Beckmann‐type rearrangement towards the preparation of functionalized benzoxazoles and benzimidazoles is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Allylic and Benzylic sp3 C—H Oxidation in Water.
Authors: Ang Wei Jie , Lam Yulin
Published: May 2015

A Cu‐catalyzed procedure for the oxidation of allylic and benzylic C—H bonds by aqueous tBuOOH (T‐Hydro) using a recyclable fluorous ligand is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of Aldehydes Catalyzed by Oxo‐Rhenium(V) Complexes Containing Heterocyclic Ligands.
Authors: Bernando Joana R. , Florindo Pedro R. , Wolff Mariusz , Machura Barbara , Fernandes Ana C.
Published: May 2015

Reaction conditions are optimized to allow the conversion of aldehydes to alcohols in good to excellent yield.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Enantioselective α‐Fluorination of Aliphatic Aldehydes and α‐Chloro Aldehydes: Synthesis of α‐Fluoro Esters, Amides, and Thioesters.
Authors: Dong Xiuqin , Yang Wen , Hu Weimin , Sun Jianwei
Published: May 2015

The asymmetric fluorination of azolium enolates, generated from readily available simple aliphatic aldehydes or α‐chloro aldehydes and N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Recyclable Chitosan Supported Copper(II) Heterogeneous Catalyst for C—N Cross Coupling Between Aryl Halides and Aliphatic Diamines.
Authors: Bodhak Chandan , Kundu Ashis , Pramanik Animesh
Published: May 2015

The simple method allows the synthesis of aniline derivatives in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Ir(III)‐Catalyzed Aromatic C—H Bond Functionalization via Metal Carbene Migratory Insertion.
Authors: Xia Ying , Liu Zhen , Feng Sheng , Zhang Yan , Wang Jianbo
Published: May 2015

The ortho‐selective Ir(III)/Ag(I)‐catalyzed C—H alkylation of carboxamides or arenes having a related directing group is examined.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroxy‐Functionalized Imidazolium Bromides as Catalysts for the Cycloaddition of CO2 and Epoxides to Cyclic Carbonates.
Authors: Anthofer Michael H. , Wilhelm Michael E. , Cokoja Mirza , Drees Markus , Herrmann Wolfgang A. , Kuehn Fritz E.
Published: May 2015

The optimum catalyst operates under mild conditions and is recycled and reused in the title reaction in nine additional cycles without loss of its activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Reversing the Stereoselectivity of a Palladium‐Catalyzed O‐Glycosylation Through an Inner‐Sphere or Outer‐Sphere Pathway.
Authors: Xiang Shaohua , Hoang Kim Le Mai , He Jingxi , Tan Yu Jia , Liu Xue‐Wei
Published: May 2015

An efficient and concise method for the construction of various O‐glycosidic bonds by a palladium‐catalyzed reaction with a 3‐O‐picoloyl glucal is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Activation of Dihydropyridine Amides to Reactive Acyl Donors.
Authors: Funder Erik Daa , Trads Julie B. , Gothelf Kurt V.
Published: May 2015

On‐off switchable acyl donors in the form of dihydropyridine alkyl and arylamides are reacting with various primary and secondary aryl, benzyl, and alkyl amines as well as benzyl alcohols and benzylthiols.
ChemInform Abstract: Ni‐Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Alkyl Acids with Unactivated Tertiary Alkyl and Glycosyl Halides.
Authors: Zhao Chenglong , Jia Xiao , Wang Xuan , Gong Hegui
Published: May 2015

This reaction works with sterically hindered unactivated tertiary alkyl bromides, as well as with primary and secondary alkyl halides and glycosyl bromides.
ChemInform Abstract: Traceless Stereoinduction for the Enantiopure Synthesis of Substituted‐2‐Cyclopentenones.
Authors: Arisetti Nanaji , Reiser Oliver
Published: May 2015

Enantiopure 4‐O‐substituted cyclopentenones, (R)‐I and (S)‐VII, are used as building blocks to synthesize enantiopure substituted 2‐cyclopentenones [e.g. (IV), (VI), etc.] in one‐pot by the reaction with Grignard reagent and aldehydes following a nucleophilic addition/aldol reaction/elimination sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Allylsamarium Bromide‐Mediated Cascade Cyclization of Homoallylic Esters. Synthesis of 2‐(2‐Hydroxyalkyl)cyclopropanols and 2‐(2‐Hydroxyethyl)bicyclo[2.1.1]hexan‐1‐ols.
Authors: Shen Mengmeng , Tu Yawei , Xie Guanqun , Niu Qingsheng , Mao Hui , Xie Tingting , Flowers Robert A. II , Lv Xin , Wang Xiaoxia
Published: May 2015

The intramolecular reductive coupling of homoallylic esters in the presence of allylsamarium bromide, CuCl2·2H2O, and HMPA is studied to provide a range of differently substituted 2‐(2‐hydroyethyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]hexan‐1‐ols.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid and Efficient Copper‐Catalyzed Finkelstein Reaction of (Hetero)Aromatics under Continuous‐Flow Conditions.
Authors: Chen Mao , Ichikawa Saki , Buchwald Stephen L.
Published: May 2015

A general, rapid, and efficient method for the copper‐catalyzed Finkelstein reaction of (hetero)aromatics is developed using continuous flow to generate a variety of aryl iodides.
ChemInform Abstract: Sc(OTf)3‐Mediated 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition—Ring Cleavage—Rearrangement: A Highly Stereoselective Access to Z‐β‐Enaminonitriles.
Authors: Wang Ying‐chun , Xie Yu‐yang , Tan Xian‐chun , Wang Heng‐shan , Pan Ying‐ming
Published: May 2015

The scalable method is applicable to 3‐aryl and 3‐hetaryl substituted α,β‐unsaturated nitriles, but not to the corresponding alkyl substituted as well as 2,3‐ and 3,3‐disubstituted derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: L‐Valine Derived Chiral N‐Sulfinamides as Effective Organocatalysts for the Asymmetric Hydrosilylation of N‐Alkyl and N‐Aryl Protected Ketimines.
Authors: Wang Chao , Wu Xinjun , Zhou Li , Sun Jian
Published: May 2015

The reaction showcases an unprecedented substrate profile.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical—Polar Crossover Reactions: Oxidative Coupling of 1,3‐Dioxolanes with Electron‐Deficient Alkenes and Vinylarenes Based on a Radical Addition and Kornblum—DeLaMare Rearrangement.
Authors: Du Peng , Li Huihuang , Wang Yaxiong , Cheng Jiang , Wan Xiaobing
Published: May 2015

The operationally simple method allows the construction of polyfunctionalized carbonyl compounds endowed with various functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N‐Acylamidines via Rhodium‐Catalyzed Reaction of Nitrosobenzene Derivatives with N‐Sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles.
Authors: Ran Rui‐Qiao , Xiu Shi‐Dong , Li Chuan‐Ying
Published: May 2015

The utility of the products is demonstrated by their use as tosylimino transfer agent for the formation of formimidamides.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Thiocarbonylation of Aryl, Vinyl, and Benzyl Bromides.
Authors: Burhardt Mia N. , Ahlburg Andreas , Skrydstrup Troels
Published: May 2015

Carbonmonoxide is freshly prepared in a separate reaction chamber from 9‐methylfluorene‐9‐carbonyl chloride.
ChemInform Abstract: Arylation of Diorganochalcogen Compounds with Diaryliodonium Triflates: Metal Catalysts are Unnecessary.
Authors: Racicot Leanne , Kasahara Takahito , Ciufolini Marco A.
Published: May 2015

In contrast to the effective arylation of diarylsulfides and diphenylselenide, the conversion of diphenyltelluride is insufficiently slow.
ChemInform Abstract: MIDA—Vinylsilanes: Selective Cross‐Couplings and Applications to the Synthesis of Functionalized Stilbenes.
Authors: McLaughlin Mark G. , McAdam Catherine A. , Cook Matthew J.
Published: May 2015

The Suzuki—Miyaura cross‐coupling of MIDA—boronates (III) with aryl halides (IV) followed by a Hiyama cross‐coupling of intermediate silanes with iodides (V) leads to desired stilbenes (VI) in moderate to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Efficient Copper and Ligand Free Protocol for the Room Temperature Sonogashira Reaction.
Authors: Gogoi Ankur , Dewan Anindita , Bora Utpal
Published: May 2015

The protocol is equally efficient for cross coupling of aryl iodides with aryl acetylenes or aliphatic alkynes at room temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: A Domino Reaction of Tetrahalo‐7,7‐dimethoxybicyclo[2.2.1]heptenyl Alcohols Leading to Indenones and a de novo Synthesis of Ninhydrin Derivatives.
Authors: Raveendra Babu Kaki , Ahmed Khan Faiz
Published: May 2015

The reaction proceeds regioselectively, thus providing 4,5‐substituted indenone derivatives with a 2,3‐dihalo moiety which are further transformed into acetylated ninhydrin derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Arylative Annulation of 1,4‐Enynes with Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Matsuda Takanori , Watanuki Shoichi
Published: May 2015

The title reaction proceeds via an addition—1,4‐rhodium migration—addition sequence to afford the corresponding 1,1‐disubstituted 3‐(arylmethylene)indanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Titanium(IV)‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Synthesis of Spirooxindole‐1‐pyrrolines.
Authors: Badillo Joseph J. , Ribeiro Carlos J. A. , Olmstead Marilyn M. , Franz Annaliese K.
Published: May 2015

The presented stereoselective [3+2] cycloaddition affords the title spiro compounds in excellent yields and good diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Two‐Step, Practical, and Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Multisubstituted Benzofurans from Phenols Through Pummerer Annulation Followed by Cross‐Coupling.
Authors: Murakami Kei , Yorimitsu Hideki , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: May 2015

The reaction of ketene dithioacetals monoxides (II) with various phenols affords the corresponding 2‐methylsulfanylbenzo[b]furan derivatives of type (III).
ChemInform Abstract: An Unexpected Reaction of 2‐Alkynylaryldiazonium Tetrafluoroborate with Sulfur Dioxide.
Authors: Luo Yong , Pan Xiaolin , Chen Chen , Yao Liangqing , Wu Jie
Published: May 2015

Benzo[b]thiophene 1,1—dioxides are synthesized by reaction of 2—alkynylaryldiazonium tetrafluoroborate with SO2 via intramolecular 5—endo cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of Aryl Substituted Pyrroles from Calcium Carbide: An Underestimated Chemical Feedstock.
Authors: Kaewchangwat Narongpol , Sukato Rangsarit , Vchirawongkwin Viwat , Vilaivan Tirayut , Sukwattanasinitt Mongkol , Wacharasindhu Sumrit
Published: May 2015

Aryl pyrroles [(III) and (VIII)] are synthesized by title reaction starting from oximes [(I) or (VII), resp.] or through a one‐pot procedure starting from corresponding ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cross‐Coupling of Azole‐4‐carboxylates with Indoles: An Approach to the Synthesis of Pimprinine.
Authors: Zhou Haipin , Gai Kuo , Lin Aijun , Xu Jinyi , Wu Xiaoming , Yao Hequan
Published: May 2015

Derivative (IIIa) is further hydrolyzed and decarboxylated to afford the natural alkaloid pimprinine.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Regioselective Oxidative Cross‐Coupling of Indoles with Methyl Ketones: A Novel Route to C3‐Dicarbonylation of Indoles.
Authors: Gao Qinghe , Zhang Jingjing , Wu Xia , Liu Shan , Wu Anxin
Published: May 2015

This is the first C3‐dicarbonylation of indoles.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Protocol to Functionalized Benzopyrrolizidine Catalyzed Successively by Rh2(OAc)4 and Cu(OTf)2: A Transition Metal—Lewis Acid Catalysis Relay.
Authors: Xu Hua‐Dong , Jia Zhi‐Hong , Xu Ke , Zhou Hao , Shen Mei‐Hua
Published: May 2015

A new method for the efficient synthesis of structurally unique N‐heterocycle benzopyrrolizidine is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Preparation of 4‐Amino‐3‐cyano‐5‐methoxycarbonyl‐N‐arylpyrazoles as Building Blocks for the Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Pyrazole‐Based Polycyclic Scaffolds.
Authors: Le Corre Laurent , Tak‐Tak Lotfi , Guillard Arthur , Prestat Guillaume , Gravier‐Pelletier Christine , Busca Patricia
Published: May 2015

Starting from variously substituted aryl amines a two‐step approach to compounds (V) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component Synthesis of C2F5‐Substituted Pyrazoles from C2F5CH2NH2·HCl, NaNO2 and Electron‐Deficient Alkynes.
Authors: Mykhailiuk Pavel K.
Published: May 2015

The procedure tolerates the presence of air, and requires no catalyst and purification of the products by column chromatography.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Arylbenzoxazole Derivatives via Cu(I) Catalyzed C—N/C—O Coupling of N‐(2‐Chloro‐phenyl)‐2‐halo‐benzamides and Primary Amines.
Authors: Miao Dazhuang , Shi Xuesong , He Guozhen , Tong Yao , Jiang Zengqiang , Han Shiqing
Published: May 2015

Readily available, more stable, and inexpensive N‐(2‐chloro‐phenyl)‐2‐halo‐benzamides as substrates are used for the synthesis of the title compounds via copper‐catalyzed one‐pot intermolecular C—N/intramolecular C—O couplings with primary amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy‐Group‐Directed Regioselective (3 + 2) Cycloadditions of Benzynes for the Synthesis of Functionalized Benzo‐Fused Heterocycles.
Authors: Ikawa Takashi , Kaneko Hideki , Masuda Shigeaki , Ishitsubo Erika , Tokiwa Hiroaki , Akai Shuji
Published: May 2015

The (3 + 2) cycloaddition proceeds with excellent regioselectivity for 3‐triflate substituted substrates and with moderate selectivity for 4‐triflate substituted compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Cyclization of 1‐(Pyridin‐2‐yl)guanidine Derivatives: A Synthesis of [1,2,4]Triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridin‐2‐amines and an Unexpected Synthesis of [1,2,4]Triazolo[4,3‐a]pyridin‐3‐amines.
Authors: Ishimoto Kazuhisa , Nagata Toshiaki , Murabayashi Mika , Ikemoto Tomomi
Published: May 2015

Oxidative cyclization of pyridinyl guanidine derivatives using N‐chlorosuccinimide and aqueous potassium carbonate gives the entitled triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridin‐2‐amines in one‐pot and, in some cases, also unexpected triazolo[4,3‐a]pyridin‐3‐amine products are formed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild, Diastereoselective Construction of Cyclic and Spirocyclic Ketals Employing a Tandem Photoisomerization/Cyclization Tactic.
Authors: Li Bo , Williams Brett D. , Smith Amos B. III
Published: May 2015

The tandem photoisomerization—cyclization reaction of trans‐enones (I) in MeOH leads to bis‐methoxy ketals (III) in high yields and with high diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized 2‐Salicyloylfurans, Furo[3,2‐b]chromen‐9‐ones and 2‐Benzoyl‐8H‐thieno[2,3‐b]indoles by One‐Pot Cyclizations of 3‐Halochromones with β‐Ketoamides and 1,3‐Dihydroindole‐2‐thiones.
Authors: Savych Iryna , Glaesel Tim , Villinger Alexander , Sosnovskikh Vyacheslav Ya. , Iaroshenko Viktor O. , Langer Peter
Published: May 2015

Title compounds are prepared under mild conditions by reaction of 3‐halochromones with β‐ketoamides and dihydroindolethiones.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Reaction Between Tertiary Enamides and Imines of Salicylaldehydes: Expedient Synthesis of Novel 4‐Chromanamine Derivatives.
Authors: He Ling , Liu Han‐Bin , Zhao Liang , Wang De‐Xian , Wang Mei‐Xiang
Published: May 2015

An efficient method for the synthesis of a variety of functionalized 4‐chromanamine derivatives via Zn(O‐Tf)2‐catalyzed reaction of tertiary enamides with imines of salicylaldehydes is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Short and Efficient Synthesis of Fluorinated δ‐Lactams.
Authors: Cogswell Thomas J. , Donald Craig S. , Long De‐Liang , Marquez Rodolfo
Published: May 2015

The diastereoselective synthesis of fluorinated δ‐lactams is achieved through an efficient five step process.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions of Terminal Alkynes with N‐Sulfonyl Ketimines.
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhang Qian‐Ru , Dong Lin
Published: May 2015

The title cycloaddition provides 1,2‐dihydropyridines with a quaternary carbon center in low to moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Procedure for the Preparation of Ru(bpz)3(PF6)2 via a High‐Yielding Synthesis of 2,2′‐Bipyrazine.
Authors: Schultz Danielle M , Sawicki James W , Yoon Tehshik P
Published: May 2015

An improved method for the Pd‐catalyzed synthesis of 2,2′‐bipyrazine ligand (IIa) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Lateral Extension Induces Columnar Mesomorphism in Crucifix Shaped Quinoxalinophenanthrophenazines.
Authors: El‐Ballouli Ala'a O. , Kayal Himadri , Shuai Chen , Zeidan Tarek A. , Raad Farah S. , Leng Siwei , Wex Brigitte , Cheng Stephen Z. D. , Eichhorn S. Holger , Kaafarani Bilal R.
Published: May 2015

The reaction of 2,7‐disubstituted tetraketopyrenes with dichlorophenylenediamine and subsequent substitution with long‐chain linear or multi‐branched thiols provides the title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Nonracemic Allylic Boronates Through Enantiotopic‐Group‐Selective Cross‐Coupling of Geminal Bis(boronates) and Vinyl Halides.
Authors: Potter Bowman , Szymaniak Adam A. , Edelstein Emma K. , Morken James P.
Published: May 2015

Under the influence of a chiral palladium catalyst, 1,1‐bis(pinacolboronate) esters undergo asymmetric cross‐coupling with bromoalkenes to generate nonracemic allyl boronates with high levels of enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Organosilicon Compounds Possessing Fully Substituted Imidazole Nucleus Sonocatalyzed by Fe—Cu/ZSM‐5 Bimetallic Oxides.
Authors: Safa Kazem D. , Feyzi Aynaz , Allahvirdinesbat Maryam , Sarchami Leila , Panahi Parvaneh Nakhostin
Published: May 2015

A variety of 1,2,4,5‐tetrasubstituted imidazoles (IV) are obtained by efficient one‐step four‐component condensation of benzil (I) or benzoin, various aromatic aldehydes (II), primary aromatic amines (III), and ammonium acetate under mild and environmentally friendly reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Addition of Dithiophosphinic Acids to Vinyl Sulfides and Selenides: An Efficient Route Toward Functional Dithiophosphinates.
Authors: Trofimov Boris A. , et al.
Published: May 2015

Hitherto unknown S‐[1‐(organosulfanyl)ethyl]‐ and S‐[1‐(organoselenyl)ethyl] dithiophosphinates are obtained as Markovnikov adducts under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Functionalized Tetrasubstituted α‐Aminophosphonates Through Enantioselective Aza‐Henry Reaction of Phosphorylated Ketimines.
Authors: Vicario Javier , Ortiz Pablo , Ezpeleta Jose M. , Palacios Francisco
Published: May 2015

The catalytic hydrogenation of the phosphonate (IIIa) to afford enantiopure α,β‐diaminophosphonate (IV) is also presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Six‐Membered Benzofuzed Phosphacycles via Carbon—Phosphorus Bond Cleavage.
Authors: Baba Katsuaki , Tobisu Mamoru , Chatani Naoto
Published: May 2015

The first catalytic method for the synthesis of P,X‐bridged biaryl derivatives is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Mediated Selective Oxidative Cross‐Coupling Between C—H/P—H: A Strategy to Construct Alkynyl(diaryl)phosphine Oxide.
Authors: Wang Tao , Chen Songtao , Shao Ailong , Gao Meng , Huang Yangfei , Lei Aiwen
Published: May 2015

Besides diarylphosphane oxides (II) and (VI), ethyl phenylphophinate (VIII) can also be used for the title reaction, but diethylphosphite fails to react under the standard conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Z‐Selective Cross‐Metathesis in Complex Molecule Synthesis: A Convergent Stereoselective Route to Disorazole C1.
Authors: Speed Alexander W. H. , Mann Tyler J. , O'Brien Robert V. , Schrock Richard R. , Hoveyda Amir H.
Published: May 2015

The diastereo‐ and enantioselective preparation of the macrocyclic natural product (IV) with anticancer and antifungal activities is described which comprises the title reaction as a key step.
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise Total Synthesis of Breitfussin A and B.
Authors: Pandey Sunil Kumar , Guttormsen Yngve , Haug Bengt Erik , Hedberg Christian , Bayer Annette
Published: May 2015

The first total synthesis of the title compounds [A (Ia) and B (Ib)] from phenol derivative is reported in 7.2% and 4.3% overall yields, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymeric Photocatalysts Based on Graphitic Carbon Nitride
Authors: Cao Shaowen , Low Jingxiang , Yu Jiaguo , Jaroniec Mietek
Published: May 2015

Review: 373 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances for Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) Materials as Catalysts Applied in Green Aqueous Media
Authors: Li Changming , Wei Min , Evans David G. , Duan Xue
Published: May 2015

Review: 108 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development and Leading‐Edge Application of Innovative Photoaffinity Labeling
Authors: Hatanaka Yasumaru
Published: May 2015

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fascinating Hydrogen Atom Transfer Chemistry of Alkenes Inspired by Problems inTotal Synthesis.
Authors: Simonneau Antoine , Oestreich Martin
Published: May 2015

Review: (15 refs.).
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances Regarding Constituents and Bioactivities of Plants from the Genus Hypericum
Authors: Zhao Jie , Liu Wei , Wang Jin‐Cai
Published: May 2015

Review: 95 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Titanium‐Catalyzed Cyanation Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Pellissier Helene
Published: May 2015

Review: [73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Deconstructing Covalent Organocatalysis
Authors: Holland Mareike C. , Gilmour Ryan
Published: May 2015

Review: [100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Complementary Catalytic Strategies to Access α‐Chiral Aldehydes
Authors: Mazet Clement
Published: May 2015

Review: 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of O‐Glycopeptides and Construction of Glycopeptide Microarrays
Authors: Blixt Ola , Clo Emiliano
Published: May 2015

Review: 37 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in the Chemistry of Quinoxalinone Derivatives
Authors: Shi Leilei , Zhou Hua , Wu Jifeng , Li Xun
Published: May 2015

Review: methods for the synthesis of quinoxalinone derivatives with emphasis on facile and eco‐friendly protocols; 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Experimental and Computational Studies of the Mechanisms of Enantioselection in Asymmetric Catalytic Reactions
Authors: Gridnev Uya D.
Published: May 2015

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Green Catalytic Oxidations of Alcohols in Aqueous Media
Authors: Sheldon Roger A.
Published: May 2015

Review: 147 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Ketene [2+2] and [4+2] Cycloadditions
Authors: Nelson Scott G. , Dura Robert D. , Peelen Timothy J.
Published: May 2015

Review: 242 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Matrix Studies on Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Nitrenes and Their Rearrangements
Authors: Wentrup Curt
Published: May 2015

Review: 98 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Convergent Synthesis of 1α,25‐Dihydroxy‐3‐epi‐Vitamin D2
Authors: Sigueiro Rita , Otero Rocio , Gonzalez‐Berdullas Patricia , Maestro Miguel , Mourino Antonio
Published: May 2015

Review: 11 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Dearomative Oxidative Coupling of Indoles: A Unified Strategy for the Total Synthesis of Indoline Alkaloids
Authors: Zi Weiwei , Zuo Zhiwei , Ma Dawei
Published: May 2015

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances on the Green Synthesis and Antioxidant Activities of Pyrazoles
Authors: Dias Daiane , Pacheco Bruna S. , Cunico Wilson , Pizzuti Lucas , Pereira Claudio M. P.
Published: May 2015

Review: 41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐Keto‐dioxinones and β,δ‐Diketo‐dioxinones in Biomimetic Resorcylate Total Synthesis
Authors: Cookson Rosa , Barrett Tim N. , Barrett Anthony G. M.
Published: May 2015

Review: 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Surface Science Studies of Selective Deoxygenation on Bulk Molybdenum Carbide
Authors: Dubuc Nathalie , McBreen Peter H.
Published: May 2015

Review: 57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Processes of Organic Species at the Solution—Solid Interface: The View Through an STM
Authors: Mazur Ursula , Hipps K. W.
Published: May 2015

Review: 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium: A Future Key Player in the Nanomedical Field
Authors: Dumas Anaelle , Couvreur Patrick
Published: May 2015

Review: 48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Inorganic Materials as Supports for Covalent Enzyme Immobilization: Methods and Mechanisms
Authors: Zucca Paolo , Sanjust Enrico
Published: May 2015

Review: 229 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Throwing New Light on the Reduction of CO2
Authors: Ozin Geoffrey A.
Published: May 2015

Review: [22 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in the Theoretical Understanding of Photon Upconversion in Rare‐Earth Activated Nanophosphors
Authors: Liu Guokui
Published: May 2015

Review: 104 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Role of Copper Ions in Pathophysiology and Fluorescent Sensors for the Detection Thereof
Authors: Verwilst Peter , Sunwoo Kyoung , Kim Jong Seung
Published: May 2015

Review: [145 refs.
Microbiome and complications of liver disease
Authors: Bajaj Jasmohan S.
Published: May 2015

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Update on MELD and organ allocation
Authors: Martin Eric F. , O'Brien Christopher
Published: May 2015

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Solving nonconvex economic load dispatch problem using particle swarm optimization with time varying acceleration coefficients
Authors: Yousefi Nasser
Published: May 2015

This article presents the design and application of an efficient hybrid heuristic search method to solve the practical economic dispatch problem considering many nonlinear characteristics of power generators, and their operational constraints, such as transmission losses, valve‐point effects, multi‐fuel options, prohibited operating zones, ramp rate limits and spinning reserve. These practical operation constraints which can usually be found at the same time in realistic power system operations make the economic load dispatch (ELD) problem a nonsmooth optimization problem having complex and nonconvex features with heavy equality and inequality constraints. A particle swarm optimization with time varying acceleration coefficients is proposed to determine optimal ELD problem in this paper. The proposed methodology easily takes care of solving nonconvex ELD problems along with different constraints like transmission losses, dynamic operation constraints, and prohibited operating zones. The proposed approach has been implemented on the 3‐machines 6‐bus, IEEE 5‐machines 14‐bus, IEEE 6‐machines 30‐bus systems and 13 thermal units power system. The proposed technique is compared with solve the ELD problem with hybrid approach by using the valve‐point effect. The comparison results prove the capability of the proposed method give significant improvements in the generation cost for the ELD problem. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 299–308, 2016
Silicon Oxycarbide Thin Films by Remote Microwave Hydrogen Plasma CVD Using a Tetramethyldisiloxane Precursor
Authors: Wrobel Aleksander M. , Uznanski Pawel , Walkiewicz‐Pietrzykowska Agnieszka , Glebocki Bartosz , Bryszewska Ewa
Published: May 2015

The effect of substrate temperature (TS) on the growth rate, chemical structure, surface morphology, density, refractive index, and optical absorption of a‐SiCO:H films is reported. The increase in TS from 30 °C to 350 °C involves the transformation of the film from polymeric, low‐density material to strongly cross‐linked, dense Si‐oxycarbide ceramics.
Neuromuscular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes: underlying mechanisms and effect of resistance training
Authors: Orlando Giorgio , Balducci Stefano , Bazzucchi Ilenia , Pugliese Giuseppe , Sacchetti Massimo
Published: May 2015

Diabetic patients are at higher risk of developing physical disabilities than non‐diabetic subjects. Physical disability appears to be related, at least in part, to muscle dysfunction. Several studies have reported reduced muscle strength and power under dynamic and static conditions in both the upper and lower limbs of patients with type 2 diabetes. Additional effects of diabetes include a reduction in muscle mass, quality, endurance and an alteration in muscle fibre composition, though the available data on these parameters are conflicting. The impact of diabetes on neuromuscular function has been related to the co‐existence of long‐term complications. Peripheral neuropathy has been shown to affect muscle by impairing motor nerve conduction. Also, vascular complications may contribute to the decline in muscle strength. However, muscle dysfunction occurs early in the course of diabetes and affects also the upper limbs, thus suggesting that it may develop independently of micro and macrovascular disease. A growing body of evidence indicates that hyperglycaemia may cause an alteration of the intrinsic properties of the muscle to generate force, via several mechanisms. Recently, resistance exercise has been shown to be an effective strategy to counteract the deterioration of muscular performance. High‐intensity exercise seems to provide greater benefits than moderate‐intensity training, whereas the effect of a power training is yet unknown. This article reviews the available literature on the impairment of muscle function induced by diabetes, the underlying mechanisms, and the effect of resistance training on this defect. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.