bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arsenic Concentrations in Ground and Surface Waters across Arizona Including Native Lands
Authors: Jones M.C. , Credo J.M. , Ingram J.C. , Baldwin J.A. , Trotter R.T. , Propper C.R.
Published: June 2020

Parts of the Southwestern United States report arsenic levels in water resources that are above the United States Environmental Protection Agency's current drinking water limits. Prolonged exposure to arsenic through food and drinking water can contribute to significant health problems including cancer, developmental effects, cardiovascular disease, neurotoxicity, and diabetes. In order to understand exposure risks, water sampling and testing have been conducted throughout Arizona. This information is available to the public through often non‐overlapping databases that are difficult to access and in impracticable formats. The current study utilized a systemic compilation of online databases to compile a spreadsheet containing over 33,000 water samples. The reported arsenic concentrations from these databases were collected from 1990–2017. Using ArcGIS software, these data were converted into a map shapefile and overlaid onto a map of Arizona. This visual representation shows that arsenic levels in surface and ground water exceed the United States Environmental Protection Agency's drinking water limits for many sites in several counties in Arizona, and there is an underrepresentation of sampling in several tribal jurisdictions. This information is useful for water managers and private well owners throughout the State for determining safe drinking water sources and limiting exposure to arsenic.
Creative Arts Personal Pedagogy vs Marketised Higher Education: A battle between values
Authors: Wilkinson Ryan Gerald
Published: June 2020

The ongoing marketisation of higher education in England can be understood both conceptually – in terms of its ideological commitment to competition and accountability; and practically – in terms of the way that it has altered higher education structurally in a variety of ways. Methods of standardisation and quantification offer validation and reward to institutions through criteria aligned with marketised principles, leading to institutions shaping their operations to suit these forms of justification. Historically, many arts subjects have operated conceptually and organisationally outside the traditional higher education paradigm, and pedagogic approaches and values that are attributable to this subject area could clash with marketised understandings of education, which are becoming more prevalent and influential.

This article presents analysis of reflections from creative arts educational practitioners working within higher education institutions in England on explorations of an ontology of the creative arts, as well as experiences of the marketisation process. A series of values relating to the concept of ‘the personal’, inherent to the creative arts are discussed and an exploration of how these principles clash with the priorities of the marketised educational economy are articulated. The values and principles that are inherent to educators and practitioners working in the creative arts are competing with ‘marketised’ motives imposed on them by the institutions in which they work.
Analysis of extracellular vesicle miRNA profiles in heart failure
Authors: Oh Jae Gyun , Lee Philyoung , Gordon Ronald E. , Sahoo Susmita , Kho Changwon , Jeong Dongtak
Published: June 2020

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently emerged as an important carrier for various genetic materials including microRNAs (miRs). Growing evidences suggested that several miRs transported by EVs were particularly involved in modulating cardiac function. However, it has remained unclear what miRs are enriched in EVs and play an important role in the pathological condition. Therefore, we established the miR expression profiles in EVs from murine normal and failing hearts and consecutively identified substantially altered miRs. In addition, we have performed bioinformatics approach to predict potential cardiac outcomes through the identification of miR targets. Conclusively, we observed approximately 63% of predicted targets were validated with previous reports. Notably, the predicted targets by this approach were often involved in both beneficial and malicious signalling pathways, which may reflect heterogeneous cellular origins of EVs in tissues. Lastly, there has been an active debate on U6 whether it is a proper control. Through further analysis of EV miR profiles, miR‐676 was identified as a superior reference control due to its consistent and abundant expressions. In summary, our results contribute to identifying specific EV miRs for the potential therapeutic targets in heart failure and suggest that miR‐676 as a new reference control for the EV miR studies.
Characteristics of U.S. Nursing Homes with COVID‐19 Cases
Authors: Abrams Hannah R. , Loomer Lacey , Gandhi Ashvin , Grabowski David C.
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) has been documented in a large share of nursing homes throughout the United States, leading to high rates of mortality for residents. To understand how to prevent and mitigate future outbreaks, it is imperative that we understand which nursing homes are more likely to experience COVID‐19 cases. Our aim was to examine the characteristics of nursing homes with documented COVID‐19 cases in the 30 states reporting the individual facilities affected.

DESIGN

We constructed a database of nursing homes with verified COVID‐19 cases as of May 11, 2020, via correspondence with and publicly available reports from state departments of health. We linked this information to nursing home characteristics and used regression analysis to examine the association between these characteristics and the likelihood of having a documented COVID‐19 case.

SETTING

All nursing homes from 30 states that reported COVID‐19 cases at the facility‐level.

PARTICIPANTS

Nursing home residents in states reporting data.

MEASUREMENTS

Whether a nursing home had a reported COVID‐19 case (yes/no), and conditional on having a case, the number of cases at a nursing home.

RESULTS

Of 9,395 nursing homes in our sample, 2,949 (31.4%) had a documented COVID‐19 case. Larger facility size, urban location, greater percentage of African American residents, non‐chain status, and state were significantly (P < .05) related to the increased probability of having a COVID‐19 case. Five‐star rating, prior infection violation, Medicaid dependency, and ownership were not significantly related.

CONCLUSION

COVID‐19 cases in nursing homes are related to facility location and size and not traditional quality metrics such as star rating and prior infection control citations. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1653‐1656, 2020.
How adolescent patients search for and appraise online health information: A pilot study
Authors: McKinnon Kelsey A , H Y Caldwell Patrina , Scott Karen M
Published: June 2020

Aim

Adolescents increasingly use smartphones to look up online health information. This pilot study aimed to explore the search and assessment strategies of adolescents looking for online health information.

Methods

We performed an observed, practical task on mobile devices, followed by a semi‐structured interview with adolescent patients at The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney. Observational data were analysed using an observation rubric, and interviews were transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed through inductive thematic analysis using line‐by‐line coding and the constant comparative process.

Results

The research was undertaken with 10 participants. Three themes were identified: (i) participants' searching strategies to find online health information; (ii) techniques for assessing relevance; and (iii) techniques for assessing credibility. These themes demonstrated that most participants accessed online health information due to its ease and accessibility but failed to assess credibility. Most prioritised relevance of information over credibility, determined by their personal knowledge and experience. Our results indicate that there was a large discrepancy between adolescents' ability to search for and assess online health information and their perceived ability. This demonstrates a discrepancy between perceived and performance‐based eHealth literacy and highlights poor critical self‐awareness, which can prevent adolescents from seeking help. This may underlie the biggest challenge in adolescents' access of online health information and highlights the need for education.

Conclusions

Many adolescents' search and appraisal ability is negatively impacted by low eHealth literacy. These adolescents' inability to recognise their need for assistance in improving their search and assessment strategies highlights the need for multi‐stage education.
Nutrient content of key cuts of pork in the UK
Authors: Pinchen H. , Church S. , Strong M. , Dimmack L. , Powell N. , Swan G. , Finglas P.
Published: June 2020

A new analytical survey on key cuts of pork sold in the UK has been undertaken to determine the current nutrient content of commonly consumed pork cuts and leaner cuts of pork that are becoming more popular. The last government analytical survey on pork for the UK food composition tables was carried out in 1992, and it has been suggested that production methods and feed have changed. Pork fillet medallions, loin medallions, loin steaks and leg joints were purchased from retail outlets to represent pork consumed in the UK and prepared for analysis between January and February 2019. Nutrient values for a wide range of compounds (proximates, inorganics and vitamins) were determined by accredited laboratories. A selection of the results, highlighting some of the main changes are presented. The most noticeable changes since 1992 can be seen in fat where levels have fallen in the lean component of three raw cuts (fillet, loin medallions and loin steak). This has impacted the amount of fat found within the popular pork cuts containing both lean and fat portions. Other changes in both the lean only portion and cuts as purchased are lower amounts of iodine and vitamin B12 and higher amounts of vitamin E and niacin. Even after these changes, 100 g of cooked pork still provides a good proportion of an adult’s daily thiamin, niacin, selenium and vitamin B12 requirements with the lean portion of grilled pork loin steak being slightly lower in fat. Fat levels in the lean portion of the roasted pork leg joint had increased slightly; however, the previous value from 1992 was low compared with other cuts at the time. These results provide an insight into the changes made in pig production, including new breeds and changes in pig diet and supplementation. The results will be included in future updates of the UK Composition of Foods Integrated Dataset and incorporated into Public Health England’s nutrient databank which supports the National Diet and Nutrition Survey.
Maintaining and updating food composition datasets for multiple users and novel technologies: Current challenges from a UK perspective
Authors: Traka M. H. , Plumb J. , Berry R. , Pinchen H. , Finglas P. M.
Published: June 2020

The UK national food composition dataset, maintained at the Quadram Institute Bioscience, is a valuable national resource for a variety of users. The UK has a long history of compiling and utilising food composition data, which started for the specific purpose of understanding war‐time nutrition, and is now fundamental to multiple areas of research, policy, food manufacturing and consumer behaviour. The rise of mHealth technologies has brought food and nutrition data direct to the consumer and presents new challenges for food data compilers relating to coverage of foods and nutrients, and accessibility and transparency of data. In addition, emerging efforts in sustainable food production, changing diets and the ever‐increasing burden of non‐communicable diseases requires an integrated approach that will span the agri‐food, nutrition and health space. In order to achieve this, there needs to be continued efforts in food data standardisation, international collaboration and stronger emphasis in making food and nutrition data FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable). The UK national food composition data and the emerging initiatives in food and nutrition it supports are playing an important role in the future development of healthy and sustainable UK diets.
The autophagic marker p62 highlights Alzheimer type II astrocytes in metabolic/hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Gelpi Ellen , Rahimi Jasmin , Klotz Sigrid , Schmid Susanne , Ricken Gerda , Forcen‐Vega Sara , Budka Herbert , Kovacs Gabor G.
Published: June 2020

Metabolic/hepatic encephalopathy is neuropathologically characterized by the presence of Alzheimer type II astrocytes (AA II) with large and clear nuclear morphology. To date, there is no good immunohistochemical marker to better identify these cells. Here, we assessed cases of hepatic encephalopathy of different etiologies by immunohistochemistry using an anti‐p62 antibody. We observed peripheral or diffuse nuclear staining of variable intensity in AA II in all cases but not in normal controls or reactive astrocytes. We conclude that p62 is a useful immunohistochemical marker for the identification of AA II and may be helpful for the neuropathological diagnosis of metabolic/hepatic encephalopathy in difficult or equivocal cases.
A survey on the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on motility and functional investigations in Europe and considerations for recommencing activities in the early recovery phase
Authors: Tack Jan , Schol Jolien , Geeraerts Annelies , Huang I‐Hsuan , Mori Hideki , Scarpellini Emidio , Sinonquel Pieter , Carbone Florencia , Colomier Esther , Geysen Hannelore , Jandee Sawangpong , Moonen An , Pannemans Jasper , Timmermans Lien , Van den Houte Karen , Verbeure Wout , Wauters Lucas , Bisschops Raf , Hoffman Ilse , Roelandt Philip , Rommel Nathalie , Simren Magnus , Suzuki Hidekazu , Tornblom Hans , Verbeke Kristin , Vanuytsel Tim
Published: June 2020

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic, declared by WHO on March 13, 2020, had a major global impact on the healthcare system and services. In the acute phase, the presence of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus in the aerodigestive tract limited activities in the gastroenterology clinic and procedures to emergencies only. Motility and function testing was interrupted and as we enter the recovery phase, restarting these procedures requires a safety‐focused approach with adequate infection prevention for patients and healthcare professionals.

Methods

We summarized knowledge on the presence of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus in the aerodigestive tract and the risk of spread with motility and functional testing. We surveyed 39 European centers documenting how the pandemic affected activities and which measures they are considering for restarting these measurements. We propose recommendations based on current knowledge as applied in our center.

Results

Positioning of catheters for gastrointestinal motility tests carries a concern for aerosol‐borne infection of healthcare workers. The risk is low with breath tests. The surveyed centers stopped almost all motility and function tests from the second half of March. The speed of restarting and the safety measures taken varied highly.

Conclusions and Inferences

Based on these findings, we provided recommendations and practical relevant information for motility and function test procedures in the COVID‐19 pandemic era, to guarantee a high‐quality patient care with adequate infection prevention.
Exhaled nitric oxide measurement before pediatric adenotonsillectomy: A feasibility study
Authors: Jablonka Denis H. , Nishisaki Akira , Feldman Jeffrey M. , Galvez Jorge A. , Gurnaney Harshad G. , Rizzi Mark D. , Simpao Allan F. , Subramanyam Rajeev , Litman Ronald S.
Published: June 2020

Background

Exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) is a known biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of bronchial hyperreactivity in adults and children.

Aims

To investigate the potential role of eNO measurement for predicting perioperative respiratory adverse events in children, we sought to determine its feasibility and acceptability before adenotonsillectomy.

Methods

We attempted eNO testing in children, 4‐12 years of age, immediately prior to admission for outpatient adenotonsillectomy. We used correlations between eNO levels and postoperative adverse respiratory events to make sample size predictions for future studies that address the predictability of the device.

Results

One hundred and three (53%) of 192 children were able to provide an eNO sample. The success rate increased with age from 23% (9%‐38%) at age 4 to over 85% (54%‐98%) after age 9. Using the eNO normal value (<20 ppb) as a cutoff, an expected sample size to detect a significant difference between children with and without adverse events is 868, assuming that respiratory adverse events occur in 29% of children.

Conclusions

eNO testing on the day of surgery has limited feasibility in children younger than 7 years of age. The most common reason for failure was inadequate physical performance while interacting with the testing device. The role of this respiratory biomarker in the context of perioperative outcomes for pediatric adenotonsillectomy remains unknown and should be further studied with improved technologies.
Non‐invasive optical biopsy by multiphoton microscopy identifies the live morphology of common melanocytic nevi
Authors: Lentsch Griffin , Valdebran Manuel , Saknite Inga , Smith Janellen , Linden Kenneth G. , König Karsten , Barr Ronald J. , Harris Ronald M. , Tromberg Bruce J. , Ganesan Anand K. , Zachary Christopher B. , Kelly Kristen M. , Balu Mihaela
Published: June 2020

Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) is a promising non‐invasive imaging tool for discriminating benign nevi from melanoma. In this study, we establish a MPM morphologic catalogue of common nevi, information that will be critical in devising strategies to distinguish them from nevi that are evolving to melanoma that may present with more subtle signs of malignancy. Thirty common melanocytic nevi were imaged in vivo using MPM. Quantitative parameters that can distinguish between different types of nevi were developed and confirmed by examining the histology of eleven of the imaged nevi. MPM features of nevi examined included cytologic morphology of melanocytes in the epidermis and dermis, the size and distribution of nevomelanocytes both within and around nests, the size of rete ridges, and the presence of immune cells in the dermis. Distinguishing features include cytological morphology, the size of nevomelanocytes, the size of nevomelanocyte nests, and the distribution of nevomelanocytes. Notably, these distinguishing characteristics were not easily appreciated in fixed tissues, highlighting essential differences in the morphology of live skin. Taken together, this work provides a morphologic compendium of normal nevi, information that will be critical in future studies directed at identifying melanocytic nevi that are evolving to melanoma.
Nonprofit Service Continuity and Responses in the Pandemic: Disruptions, Ambiguity, Innovation, and Challenges
Authors: Shi Yu , Jang Hee S. , Keyes Laura , Dicke Lisa
Published: June 2020

This Viewpoint essay examines the service delivery responses of nonprofit organizations that offer homeless support services amid the COVID‐19 pandemic. Government mandates and severe human needs have forced nonprofits to adapt quickly. Literature reviews provide little information about how nonprofits should manage service continuity under pandemics. Data collected from websites and interviews with nonprofits executives provide an understanding of adaptations and innovations. The study uses a crisis response model—“Disruptions‐Ambiguities‐Innovations‐Challenges” (DAIC)—to demonstrate how social service nonprofits are responding to challenges under COVID‐19. Lessons learned are useful for scholars and practitioners to understand ways nonprofits have remained agile and innovative.
Improving mental health literacy in adolescents: systematic review of supporting intervention studies
Authors: Seedaket Saowaluk , Turnbull Niruwan , Phajan Teerasak , Wanchai Ausanee
Published: June 2020

Objective

Mental health literacy (MHL) in adolescents is an important issue as it can lead to early detection and recognition of mental illness. The aim of this systematic review was to explore the effect of supporting interventions on improving MHL in adolescents.

Methods

Systematic literature review by searching the ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, Crochrane and CINAHL databases. Seven of 1107 papers were included in the final review.

Results

Supporting interventions for improving MHL in adolescents could be categorised into school‐based and community‐based. Both types used an education stand‐alone strategy or an education plus contact‐based group in their programmes. To provide knowledge of mental illness to adolescents, teaching methods should be interactive and use various media such as group discussion, videos and movies.

Conclusions

School‐based and community‐based interventions were likely to improve MHL among adolescents. However, further research with objective tool measures is needed to confirm the findings.
Clinical data for intravenous iron – debunking the hype around hypersensitivity
Authors: Achebe Maureen , DeLoughery Thomas G.
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND

Reluctance to use intravenous (IV) iron for the treatment of iron deficiency continues due to a perceived high risk of severe hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs). Additionally, it has been hypothesized that ‘dextran‐derived’ IV iron products (e.g., ferumoxytol [FER] and ferric derisomaltose/iron isomaltoside 1000 [FDI]) have a higher risk of severe HSRs than ‘non‐dextran‐derived’ products (e.g., ferric carboxymaltose [FCM] and iron sucrose [IS]). In the present analysis, HSR data from head‐to‐head randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with IV iron products were evaluated to determine if differences in safety signals are present among these IV iron formulations.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Reported serious or moderate‐to‐severe HSR incidence data from five RCTs (FIRM; FERWON‐NEPHRO/‐IDA; PHOSPHARE‐IDA04/‐IDA05) were used to calculate risk differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for FER, FCM, FDI, and IS. The rates and risk differences for these HSRs were compared.

RESULTS

The analysis included data for 5247 patients: FER (n = 997), FCM (n = 1117), FDI (n = 2133) and IS (n = 1000). Overall rates of serious or moderate to severe HSRs were low (0.2%‐1.7%). The risk differences (95% CIs) showed small differences between the IV iron formulations: FER versus FCM, −0.1 (−0.8 to 0.6); FDI versus IS, 0.1 (−0.3 to 0.5); FDI versus FCM, −0.9 (−3.7 to 1.9).

CONCLUSION

RCT evidence confirms a low risk of serious or moderate to severe HSRs with newer IV iron formulations and no significant differences among existing commercially available products. Thus, RCT data show that the supposed classification of dextran‐derived versus non‐dextran‐derived IV iron products has no clinical relevance.
Career Decision-making of Czech Students in the Period of Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Kvitkovičová Lucia , Máchová Jana
Published: June 2020

The study deals with the issue of career development of Czech emerging adults and in this context, it draws attention to research marginalisation of secondary vocational schools students. It focuses on the analysis of factors resulting from the type of study which can contribute to the facilitation of the career decision-making process. The research goal was to determine the role of the type of the study and work experience in the career decision-making process of Czech emerging adults. 194 university students and 116 secondary vocational school students between the ages of 18 and 21 responded to the questionnaires of vocational identity and questionnaires investigating awareness of self-efficacy in career decision-making. Linear regression showed that students’ work experience influences the strength of their vocational identity and that career relevance of this work experience is related to the level of selfefficacy in career decision-making. The type of study didn’t prove to be an important factor. The study results highlight the role of work experience in the process of career decision-making. Due to the inclusion of a specific research group—secondary vocational school students—it also enriches the knowledge of the career identity development in the period of emerging adulthood in the Czech Republic. In the conclusion practical implications, limits of this study and suggestions for the further research are discussed.
The Relationship of the Students to the Future
Authors: Vitošková Veronika , Pavelková Isabella
Published: June 2020

The paper deals with the relationship of students to the future, a relationship between time perspective and achievement motivation and the paper also implies a close connection of this issue with individual’s volition. The article focuses on the presentation of a research on how students relate to the future which was conducted in the years 2011-2014 (defended in 2014 as a doctoral thesis). On the theoretical level we deal with scientific basis of the time dimension in the human life, with a relation between time perspective and achievement motivation and the connection of these concepts to the theoretical approach to the topic of volition. The main emphasis is on cognitive-motivational and self-motivational concepts of time perspective (works of Gjesme, Nuttin, Lens, Zimbardo, from the Czech authors namely concept of perspective orientation by Pavelková) and on classical works on achievement motivation by Atkinson, Raynor and Heckhausen. Within the analysis of these theoretical concepts, we focused predominantly on the identification of overlaps, narrow ties and connections in described systems. In the field of volition research, we were inspired by the concept of self-control and self-regulatory aspects of volition by Kuhl and Fuhrmann. The main objective of the paper is to present a structured research of time perspective, achievement motivation and volition in students of primary and secondary schools. On the research we worked with data received from more than four hundred students of primary and secondary schools in the Czech Republic. The key objective is to obtain a basic description of the students’ relationship to future through individual research areas, further to empirically examine the relation between time perspective and achievement motivation of students and also to compare different approaches to time perspective (the concept of perspective orientation by Pavelková and Zimbardo’s theory of time perspective). Finally, through created students’ case reports we present inter-individually different authenticity of student’s relating to future. In the research, which was carried out on three levels, we benefited from combination of quantitative and qualitative research. In the conclusion, we suggest possible ways of further work with the findings within the career counselling at schools and which areas of career counselling we consider to be essential for improvement of self-regulatory skills of students.
Career Competences and Possibilities of Their Use in Career Counselling in the Czech Republic
Authors: Hašková Kateřina , Vaculík Martin
Published: June 2020

In the modern world of work career self-management of individuals is more and more emphasised. This article presents existing models of career competences or skills to manage someone’s own career (Career Management Skills) and, using thematic analysis, they identify eight career competences which repeatedly appear in several of these models: self-awareness and positive self-concept, positive interaction with others and networking, responding to the changes and growth throughout the life, participation and positive approach to lifelong learning, efficient processing of career information, career decision-making, participation in own career management and understanding an individual’s role in the society and to wider context. In the article we present advantages of using career competences for the professionalization of career counselling in the Czech Republic.
Plasmonic nanocomposites of zinc oxide and titanium nitride
Authors: Beaudette Chad A. , Held Jacob T. , Greenberg Benjamin L. , Nguyen Phong H. , Concannon Nolan M. , Holmes Russell J. , Mkhoyan K. Andre , Aydil Eray S. , Kortshagen Uwe R.
Published: June 2020

The authors produce plasmonic ZnO-TiN nanocomposite films by depositing plasma-synthesized ZnO nanocrystals onto a substrate and then by infilling the nanocrystal network's pores with TiN via remote plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD). This ZnO-TiN nanocomposite exhibits a plasmonic resonance that is blueshifted compared to planar titanium nitride thin films. The authors study the effects of PEALD conditions and the ZnO film thickness on the plasmonic response of these nanocomposites and exploit the optimized film in a device that generates photocurrent at zero bias.
No evidence for a link between noise exposure and auditory temporal processing for young adults with normal audiograms
Authors: Füllgrabe Christian , Moody Matthew , Moore Brian C. J.
Published: June 2020

The link between lifetime noise exposure and temporal processing abilities was investigated for 45 normal-hearing participants, recruited from a population of undergraduate students, aged 18 to 23 years. A self-report instrument was employed to assess the amount of neuropathic noise (here defined as sounds with levels exceeding approximately 80 dBA) each participant had been exposed to and sensitivity to temporal-fine-structure and temporal-envelope information was determined using frequency discrimination and envelope irregularity detection tasks, respectively. Despite sizable individual variability in all measures, correlations between noise exposure and the ability to process temporal cues were small and non-significant.
Latina Elementary School Girls’ Experiences in an Urban After-School Physical Education and Literacy Program
Authors: Marttinen Risto , Simon Mara , Phillips Sharon , Fredrick Ray N.
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To understand where and how Latina girls are physically active outside of the Reflective Educational Approach to Character and Health program and the impact of female role models on participation in the program. Methods: The authors implemented a yearlong after-school physical activity and literacy program for fifth and sixth grade girls (N = 22 girls) in a low-income, urban community. Four university students/coaches delivered all sessions. Data were triangulated through 10 Latina girls’ interviews, student journals, coaches’ journals, researcher journals, and field notes, and analyzed using constant comparison. Results: Girls participated in leisure-time physical activities with family in community spaces, in spite of social and cultural barriers. Female coaches facilitated girls’ increased engagement by acting as strong role models and fostering caring relationships. Conclusion: After-school programs, community spaces, and strong connections with coaches play a critical role in students’ engagement in physical activity.
Performance of Abbott ID Now COVID-19 Rapid Nucleic Acid Amplification Test Using Nasopharyngeal Swabs Transported in Viral Transport Media and Dry Nasal Swabs in a New York City Academic Institution
Authors: Basu Atreyee , Zinger Tatyana , Inglima Kenneth , Woo Kar-mun , Atie Onome , Yurasits Lauren , See Benjamin , Aguero-Rosenfeld Maria E.
Published: June 2020

The recent emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has posed formidable challenges for clinical laboratories seeking reliable laboratory diagnostic confirmation. The swift advance of the crisis in the United States has led to Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) facilitating the availability of molecular diagnostic assays without the more rigorous examination to which tests are normally subjected prior to FDA approval. Our laboratory currently uses two real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) platforms, the Roche Cobas SARS-CoV2 and the Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2.
Cellular Vimentin Interacts with Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Nonstructural Protein 3A and Negatively Modulates Viral Replication
Authors: Ma Xueqing , Ling Ying , Li Pinghua , Sun Pu , Cao Yimei , Bai Xingwen , Li Kun , Fu Yuanfang , Zhang Jing , Li Dong , Bao Huifang , Chen Yingli , Li Zhiyong , Wang Yonggang , Lu Zengjun , Liu Zaixin
Published: June 2020

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) nonstructural protein 3A plays important roles in virus replication, host range, and virulence. To further understand the role of 3A during FMDV infection, identification of host cell factors that interact with FMDV 3A is needed. Here, we found that vimentin is a direct binding partner of FMDV 3A, and manipulation of vimentin has a negative effect on virus replication. We also demonstrated that amino acid residues 15 to 21 at the N-terminal region of the FMDV 3A are responsible for the interaction between 3A and vimentin and that the 3A-vimentin interaction is critical for viral replication since the full-length cDNA clone harboring mutations in 3A, which were disrupt 3A-vimentin reactivity, could not produce viable virus progeny. This study provides information that not only provides us a better understanding of the mechanism of FMDV replication but also helps in the development of novel antiviral strategies in the future.
Differential Pressures of SERINC5 and IFITM3 on HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein over the Course of HIV-1 Infection
Authors: Beitari Saina , Pan Qinghua , Finzi Andrés , Liang Chen
Published: June 2020

HIV-1 Env protein is exposed to the inhibition not only by humoral response, but also by host restriction factors, including serine incorporator 5 (SERINC5) and interferon-inducible transmembrane 3 (IFITM3). This study investigates how HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) manages to overcome the pressures from all these different host inhibition mechanisms over the long course of viral infection. HIV-1 Env preserves the resistance to SERINC5 but becomes sensitive to IFITM3 when infection progresses into the chronic stage. Our study also supports the possibility of using CD4 mimetic compounds to sensitize HIV-1 Env to the inhibition by SERINC5 as a potential therapeutic strategy.
MicroRNA-325-3p Facilitates Immune Escape of Mycobacterium tuberculosis through Targeting LNX1 via NEK6 Accumulation to Promote Anti-Apoptotic STAT3 Signaling
Authors: Fu Beibei , Xue Weiwei , Zhang Haiwei , Zhang Rui , Feldman Kelly , Zhao Qingting , Zhang Shanfu , Shi Lei , Pavani Krishna Chaitanya , Nian Weiqi , Lin Xiaoyuan , Wu Haibo
Published: June 2020

Intracellular survival of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
results in bacterial proliferation and the spread of infection in lungs, consequently deteriorating the conditions of tuberculosis (TB) patients. This research discovers a new immune escape pathway of
M. tuberculosis
by modulating host miR-325-3p expression, thus leading to the intracellular survival of
M. tuberculosis
. These findings make a contribution to the understanding of the immune escape of
M. tuberculosis
, and they provide a theoretical basis for the development of therapeutic approaches for drug-resistant TB.
GRP78 and Integrins Play Different Roles in Host Cell Invasion during Mucormycosis
Authors: Alqarihi Abdullah , Gebremariam Teclegiorgis , Gu Yiyou , Swidergall Marc , Alkhazraji Sondus , Soliman Sameh S. M. , Bruno Vincent M. , Edwards John E. , Filler Scott G. , Uppuluri Priya , Ibrahim Ashraf S.
Published: June 2020

Mucormycosis caused by
Rhizopus
species is a fungal infection with often fatal prognosis. Inhalation of spores is the major route of entry, with nasal and alveolar epithelial cells among the first cells that encounter the fungi. In patients with hematologic malignancies or those undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy,
Rhizopus
causes pulmonary infections. On the other hand, DKA patients predominantly suffer from rhinoorbital/cerebral mucormycosis. The reason for such disparity in disease types by the same fungus is not known. Here, we show that the unique susceptibility of DKA subjects to rhinoorbital/cerebral mucormycosis is likely due to specific interaction between nasal epithelial cell GRP78 and fungal CotH3, the expression of which increases in the presence of host factors present in DKA. In contrast, pulmonary mucormycosis is initiated via interaction of inhaled spores expressing CotH7 with integrin β1 receptor, which activates EGFR to induce fungal invasion of host cells. These results introduce a plausible explanation for disparate disease manifestations in DKA versus those in hematologic malignancy patients and provide a foundation for development of therapeutic interventions against these lethal forms of mucormycosis.
Master Sculptor at Work: Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Infection Uniquely Modifies Mitochondrial Proteolysis during Its Control of Human Cell Death
Authors: Marshall Natalie C. , Thejoe Maichael , Klein Theo , Serapio-Palacios Antonio , Santos Andrew S. , von Krosigk Niklas , Kizhakkedathu Jayachandran N. , Stoynov Nikolay , Foster Leonard J. , Overall Christopher M. , Finlay B. Brett
Published: June 2020

To our knowledge, this is the first study of the mitochondrial proteome or N-terminome during bacterial infection. Identified cleavage sites that had not been previously reported in the mitochondrial N-terminome and that were not generated in canonical apoptosis revealed a pathogen-specific strategy to control human cell apoptosis. These data inform new mechanisms of virulence factors targeting mitochondria and apoptosis during infection and highlight how enteropathogenic
Escherichia coli
(EPEC) manipulates human cell death pathways during infection, including candidate substrates of an EPEC protease within mitochondria. This understanding informs the development of new antivirulence strategies against the many human pathogens that target mitochondria during infection. Therefore,
m
itochondrial
s
table isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture-
t
erminal
a
mine
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ubstrates (MS-TAILS) is useful for studying other pathogens targeting human cell compartments.
Primary Sjogren’s syndrome manifesting with distal renal tubular acidosis and severe metabolic bone disease
Authors: Jain Gitanjali , Kalra Suprita , Vasnik Gautam , Bhandari Sumit
Published: June 2020

Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) is a chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory disorder affecting primarily the salivary and lacrimal glands with potential for systemic involvement. The disease predominantly occurs in women in the age group of 35–45 years and is relatively rare in children. It mainly affects salivary and lacrimal glands with potential for systemic involvement. Children presenting with the severe metabolic bone disease at the very outset has not been reported in the paediatric literature. We report a 13-year-old girl who presented with pain in multiple large joints with predominant involvement of hip joints leading to difficulty in walking for the past 6 months and unintentional weight loss of the same duration. Investigations revealed distal renal tubular acidosis with severe metabolic bone disease as an extra-glandular manifestation of primary SS.
Chemotherapy associated dural sinus thrombosis presenting as a cerebrospinal fluid leak
Authors: Bujoreanu Iulia , Ferguson Mark , Saleh Hesham
Published: June 2020

Despite the well documented increased risk of thrombosis in patients with cancer and during chemotherapy, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVT) remains a rare entity. We present a rare case of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea secondary to a left transverse sinus thrombus which occurred 2 years previously during chemotherapy for breast cancer. The patient underwent a three-layer repair using Neuro-Patch, septal cartilage and middle turbinate pedicle flap and was started on acetazolamide. There was no recurrence at 1-year follow-up. Raised intracranial pressure secondary to cerebral venous occlusion can erode the base of skull and predispose to CSF leaks. Despite the theoretical risk, there have been no cases reported where CSF leaks have occurred following chemotherapy induced CVT. We describe the first case and discuss pathophysiology and management.
Lower complication rates associated with transradial versus transfemoral flow diverting stent placement
Authors: Li Yangchun , Chen Stephanie H , Spiotta Alejandro M , Jabbour Pascal , Levitt Michael R , Kan Peter , Griessenauer Christoph J , Arthur Adam S , Osbun Joshua W , Park Min S , Chalouhi Nohra , Sweid Ahmad , Wolfe Stacey Q , Fargen Kyle M , Dumont Aaron S , Dumont Travis M , Brunet Marie-Christine , Sur Samir , Luther Evan , Strickland Allison , Yavagal Dileep R , Peterson Eric C , Schirmer Clemens M , Goren Oded , Dalal Shamsher , Weiner Gregory , Rosengart Axel , Raper Daniel , Chen Ching-Jen , Amenta Peter , Scullen Tyler , Kelly Cory Michael , Young Christopher , Nahhas Michael , Almallouhi Eyad , Gunasekaran Arunprasad , Pai Suhas , Lanzino Giuseppe , Brinjikji Waleed , Abbasi Mehdi , Dornbos III David , Goyal Nitin , Peterson Jeremy , El-Ghanem Mohammad H , Starke Robert M
Published: June 2020

Background

Currently, there are no large-scale studies in the neurointerventional literature comparing safety between transradial (TRA) and transfemoral (TFA) approaches for flow diversion procedures. This study aims to assess complication rates in a large multicenter registry for TRA versus TFA flow diversion.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed flow diversion cases for cerebral aneurysms from 14 institutions from 2010 to 2019. Pooled analysis of proportions was calculated using weighted analysis with 95% CI to account for results from multiple centers. Access site complication rate and overall complication rate were compared between the two approaches.

Results

A total of 2,285 patients who underwent flow diversion were analyzed, with 134 (5.86%) treated with TRA and 2151 (94.14%) via TFA. The two groups shared similar patient and aneurysm characteristics. Crossover from TRA to TFA was documented in 12 (8.63%) patients. There were no access site complications in the TRA group. There was a significantly higher access site complication rate in the TFA cohort as compared with TRA (2.48%, 95% CI 2.40% to 2.57%, vs 0%; p=0.039). One death resulted from a femoral access site complication. The overall complications rate was also higher in the TFA group (9.02%, 95% CI 8.15% to 9.89%) compared with the TRA group (3.73%, 95% CI 3.13% to 4.28%; p=0.035).

Conclusion

TRA may be a safer approach for flow diversion to treat cerebral aneurysms at a wide range of locations. Both access site complication rate and overall complication rate were lower for TRA flow diversion compared with TFA in this large series.
John Phillip Sheridan
Authors:   Veterinary Management Group
Published: June 2020

A forward thinker who believed that good medicine and good business go together. He never wavered in his mission to put veterinary business training on the agenda.
Effects of follicle-stimulating hormone beta subunit and nuclear receptor coactivator 1 gene polymorphisms and expressions on pink-eyed white mink reproductive traits
Authors: Liu Zongyue , Liu Linling , Song Xingchao , Huo Zhishuang , Cong Bo , Yang Fuhe , Peng Yinghua
Published: June 2020

The present study was designed to investigate comparative expressions of follicle-stimulating hormone beta subunit (FSHβ) and nuclear receptor coactivator 1 (NCOA1) genes by real-time polymerase chain reaction, using polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism methods to investigate the effects of gene polymorphisms on reproductive traits, including total number of kits born (TNB) and number of born alive (NBA) in pink-eyed white mink. Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in the FSHβ and NCOA1 genes. The g.1228G>A polymorphism of FSHβ was associated with NBA and TNB (P < 0.01). The g.151536T>C polymorphism of NCOA1 was associated with NBA and TNB (P < 0.01). The NCOA1 mRNA levels in hypothalamus, ovary, and uterus during the first half of gestation were higher than during the middle term and last half of gestation (P < 0.01). The FSHβ mRNA levels in the hypothalamus and uterus were higher during the first half of gestation than during the middle term and last half of gestation (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the g.1866T>C polymorphism of FSHβ and the g.151536T>C polymorphism of NCOA1 could be molecular markers for reproductive traits, and expressions of FSHβ and NCOA1 might be involved in the regulation of embryo attachment mechanisms in pink-eyed white mink breeding.
Using molecular microbial ecology to define differential responses to the inoculation of barley silage
Authors: Xu Shanwei , Dunière Lysiane , Smiley Brenda , Rutherford William , Qi Samuel , Nair Jayakrishnan , Wang Yuxi , McAllister Tim A.
Published: June 2020

Previously, we investigated the impact of a mixed Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus casei inoculant on fermentation and aerobic stability of barley silage over two years in 2009 and 2010. In 2009, a classical response to inoculation was obtained with an increase in acetic acid concentration of silage ensiled in both mini- and bag silos. In 2010, this classical response was not observed in mini-silos but was observed in bag silos. The objective of this study was to determine if molecular microbial ecology could explain the differential responses to the inoculation of barley silage between the two years. The Illumina MiSeq sequencing results showed that inoculation increased Lactobacillus and lowered Pediococcus, Weissella, and Leuconostoc in both types of silos in 2009. However, a similar trend was not observed in mini-silos, but was instead observed in bag silos in 2010. Inoculation did not alter the core fungal community in either silo type in either year. Cladosporium, Leptosphaeria, and Cryptococcus were abundant in fresh forage, but were superseded by Pichia and Kazachstania after ensiling. Our results suggest that changes in silage chemistry corresponded to differences observed in microbial ecology. Inoculation may have less impact when using more mature crops with shorter ensiling times.
Brown–York energy in stationary spacetimes
Authors: Zhang Hongsheng
Published: June 2020

One usually defines the Brown–York energy for a 2-surface embedded in a space-like 3-slice as an integration of the mean curvature of the 2-surface isometrically embedded into the 3-slice, with a proper reference 3-space. We demonstrate that this naive definition is ill for stationary spacetimes. As an example, we investigate the Kerr–Newman spacetime in detail. We show that the naive definition of the Brown–York energy is not a component of the Brown–York boundary stress tensor, and thus deviates from the original idea of Brown and York. Furthermore, we present the exact form of the Brown–York energy for the Kerr–Newman spacetime with proper reference.
Microscopic study of nuclear structure dynamics of neutron-deficient even–even 100–110Cd isotopes within the framework of projected shell model
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Dhiman Shashi K.
Published: June 2020

We have studied the deformation systematics of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] values, yrast spectra, band structure and backbending phenomena in the neutron-deficient even–even [Formula: see text]Cd isotopes within the projected shell model (PSM) framework. The observations of the systematics of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] values for [Formula: see text]Cd isotopes are well reproduced in present calculations. Our observations show that, as we move from [Formula: see text]Cd to [Formula: see text]Cd, the deformation increases and then it reduces up to [Formula: see text]Cd. This gives us a confirmation that [Formula: see text]Cd is the most deformed nucleus in this set of isotopic mass chain. The backbending phenomena is also observed in these isotopes, which can be related to the crossing of ground band (g-band) by 2-quasiparticle (qp) bands or s-bands. The pseudomagic character of [Formula: see text]Cd has also been observed.