bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Filozofa portret własny? Kilka uwag na marginesie "Listów" Platona
Authors: Głodowska Anna
Published: July 2021

The aim of my article is the analysis of the selected letters attributed to Plato to answer the question: what conception of Plato as a person can a reader create after reading his correspondence. The philosopher proves himself as a faithful friend, judicious advisor and mentor, who is willing to serve his help to everyone who wants to listen and follow his hints. Although Plato realizes his position and significance in a Greek world, in his Letters there is a note of bitterness and disappointment because of his unfulfilled political ambitions and disappointed hopes. Plato also shows his feelings of regret caused by the loss of his two friends, Socrates and Dion. The form and style of Plato’s letters are as interesting as the content. The author repeatedly writes down his thoughts in so realistic and vivid way as he would have a lively dialogue with his fictional interlocutor. In his Letters Plato uses willingly dramatic elements to depict the referred events in form of the scenes taking place, as it were before the reader’s eyes.
Bezpieczeństwo jako determinanta rozwoju turystyki górskiej w Polsce ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem Tatr
Authors: Grochowski Bartosz Bartłomiej , Studzieniecki Tomasz
Published: July 2021

Bezpieczeństwo jest jednym z kluczowych czynników rozwoju turystyki na obszarach górskich. Góry cieszą się dużą popularnością i niesłabnącym zainteresowaniem turystów. Odwiedzane są przede wszystkim w sezonach letnim i zimowym. Jednocześnie wzrasta zainteresowanie aktywnością turystyczną w okresie posezonowym. Zróżnicowanie klimatu i atrakcyjność potencjału przyrodniczego umożliwiają uprawianie wielu form turystyki na obszarach górskich w Polsce. Każdy rodzaj aktywności niesie ze sobą ryzyko i wymaga odpowiednich rozwiązań w zakresie bezpieczeństwa. Dotyczy to z jednej strony zapewnienia właściwych warunków do uprawiania turystyki, a z drugiej – kształtowania właściwych postaw wśród turystów. Celem artykułu była identyfikacja atrybutów bezpieczeństwa w turystyce górskiej w Polsce, a w szczególności: 1) wskazanie kluczowych podmiotów systemu bezpieczeństwa górskiego i powiązań między nimi; 2) ocena uwarunkowań i zasad współpracy podmiotów systemu bezpieczeństwa górskiego; 3) prezentacja propozycji poprawy systemu bezpieczeństwa turystyki górskiej w Polsce. W artykule wykorzystano następujące metody: studia literaturowe, analizę źródeł wtórnych i obserwację uczestniczącą. W ocenie autorów system bezpieczeństwa górskiego funkcjonuje dobrze, ale jest w nim kilka luk, które mogą stwarzać zagrożenie dla turystów i wymagają podjęcia działań naprawczych. Zdaniem autorów zniwelowanie tych niedociągnięć i wdrożenie systemowych zmian mogą podnieść poziom bezpieczeństwa, a tym samym atrakcyjność unikatowej destynacji górskiej, jaką są Tatry.
MINORS AS COVERT HUMAN INTELLIGENCE SOURCES OF THE POLISH POLICE PART 1
Authors: HOROSIEWICZ KRZYSZTOF
Published: July 2021

In 1990, due to the political changes in Poland, the issue of using Covert Human Intelligence Sources (CHIS) in combatting crime aroused controversy. Therefore, in the hastily and secretly prepared police laws, it was limited to provisions which just merely signalled the possibility of the Police using this method of intelligence gathering. Despite further modifi cations of the existing police law, the use of CHIS is still only referred to in the Act on the Police, 1990: Article 22(1). It states that: “While performing its tasks, the Police may be assisted by persons who are not police offi cers”. The laxity of this wording is particularly evident in the context of precise and understandable regulations in countries such as Great Britain, Northern Ireland and the United States of America. The use of minors’ help is not regulated at the level of internal confi dential police regulations, which makes it diffi cult for police offi cers to fi ght juvenile delinquency. The aim of the research has been to determine whether the legal conditions in Poland prevent the use of underage covert human intelligence sources. The analysis led to the conclusion that there are no legal obstacles, but the use of juvenile informants should depend on the fulfi llment of certain conditions.
Organization of primary health care in pandemics
Authors: Sarti Thiago Dias , Lazarini Welington Serra , Fontenelle Leonardo Ferreira , Almeida Ana Paula Santana Coelho
Published: July 2021

Background: The world is experiencing one of the greatest public health emergencies in history with the global spread of COVID-19. Health systems, including Primary Health Care (PHC) services, are pillars of pandemic coping strategies. Objective: To systematic review of the literature that analyzes the effectiveness of PHC organization strategies in the context of epidemics. Methods: We performed a rapid systematic literature review on MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE and LILACS (via VHL), in order to analyze empirical studies on the effectiveness of PHC organization strategies in the context of epidemics to improve access and reduce morbidity and mortality. There was no assessment of risk of bias, and the synthesis was narrative. PROSPERO CRD42020178310.Results: We selected seven articles, which studied the responses to different epidemic–s in different parts of the world. In terms of access, the studies suggest positive results with the adoption of adjustments of work processes of the teams and the structure of the services, combined with diversification of actions (including call center), adequate provision of inputs and personal protective equipment, adequate action plans and communication strategies, and effective integration with public health services and other levels of care. No study analyzed population morbidity and mortality. The included studies suggest also that community-oriented PHC is more effective in crisis scenarios, indicating the necessity of strengthening of the Family Health Strategy in the Brazilian context. Conclusion: PHC can be effective in coping with public health emergencies. Action plans should be built with broad participation by the actors involved in coping with the epidemic. Emphasis is placed on the importance of empowering the link between the healthcare service and its registered population.
Uso de uma Ontologia de Avaliação de Software para o Desenvolvimento e Integração de Ferramentas
Authors: Falbo Ricardo de Almeida , Moro Rodrigo Dal , Bringuente Ana Christina de Oliveira , Palácio Murilo de Oliveira
Published: July 2021

Avaliação é parte essencial de diversos processos de software, tais como Garantia da Qualidade e Avaliação e Melhoria de Processos. A avaliação de entidades nesse contexto é bastante corriqueira, sendo aplicada, dentre outros, a processos, produtos e recursos. Ainda que a avaliação de cada um desses tipos de entidades tenha suas particularidades, há aspectos comuns que, se propriamente capturados, podem servir de uma especificação base para o desenvolvimento de diferentes ferramentas. Este artigo apresenta uma ontologia de avaliação que visa capturar a conceituação básica envolvida nesse universo de discurso. Essa ontologia foi utilizada como base para o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta de avaliação de processos no contexto de Avaliação e Melhoria de Processos e para a sua integração com uma ferramenta de apoio ao processo de Garantia da Qualidade.
Rastreabilidade e Análise de Impacto: Um caso de aplicação utilizando a ferramenta Visual Studio Team System
Authors: Griffo Tiago Domenici , Santos Gothardo Francisco de Magalhães , Cabral Rodrigo Becke
Published: July 2021

Este artigo apresenta a implantação da ferramenta Microsoft Visual Studio Team System (VSTS) no processo de desenvolvimento de software da Cadsoft, apoiando a disciplina gerência de requisitos na realização da análise de impacto e rastreabilidade de artefatos de produtos, atendendo a um resultado esperado do nível G do MPS.BR.
Uma Abordagem Probabilística para Análise Causal de Defeitos de Software
Authors: Kalinowski Marcos , Travassos Guilherme Horta
Published: July 2021

Análise causal de defeitos tem se mostrado uma forma eficiente para melhoria de processos com base no produto. Nesta tese uma abordagem probabilística para análise causal, chamada DPPI (Defect Prevention-Based Process Improvement) foi elaborada com base em evidências obtidas a partir de quatro rodadas de revisão sistemática da literatura e feedback obtido de especialistas da área. DPPI representa uma abordagem inovadora que integra mecanismos de aprendizado de causa e efeito (redes Bayesianas) nos procedimentos de análise causal de defeitos. Adicionalmente, para facilitar o uso destes mecanismos em reuniões de análise causal, o tradicional diagrama de causa e efeito foi estendido para um diagrama de causa e efeito probabilístico. DPPI foi aplicada a um projeto real e avaliada através de três rodadas de um estudo experimental. A aplicação ao projeto real indicou sua viabilidade e permitiu refinar requisitos para a construção de apoio ferramental. As rodadas do estudo experimental forneceram indícios de que o uso dos diagramas de causa e efeito probabilísticos de DPPI aumenta a eficácia e reduz o esforço na identificação de causas de defeitos, quando comparado à identificação de causas de defeitos sem o uso dos diagramas.
Catch your breath
Authors: Solioz Christophe
Published: July 2021

Christophe Solioz explores the use of ‘Pathétique’ from Tchaikovsky’s sixth symphony in 1395 days without red, a 2011 film project focused on the Siege of Sarajevo, and locates it in the complex ‘age of immunology’ in which we now live.
The influence of Covid-19 on the field of social security – The example of the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Komarčević Miodrag , Čelik Petar , Arnautović Ivan
Published: July 2021

This wide-ranging article takes a theoretical look at the implications of the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) virus for the concept of the securitisation of a state, encompassing the debate about whether social security occupies a place within securitisation studies. The authors point to, and explore, the concurrent presence of three social phenomena with global effects: digitalisation and business automation; securitisation of the systems of health and social protection; and the emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic with all its disruptive potential. They also consider closely how these phenomena relate to the already-troubled social position in the Republic of Serbia, alluding also to the deliberate use of the concept of securitisation to convince the population of the need to take drastic safeguarding steps, including the announcement of a state of emergency. The authors conclude broadly on the implications that Covid-19 has for socio-economic development, that social security does play a role within securitisation and, with a sharp prod to nationalisms as a response to the virus, that global problems and risks require global solutions.
States of emergency and the legal questions over human rights restrictions
Authors: Kadriu Osman
Published: July 2021

This article starts from the premise that human rights are the singular most important achievement won in political struggle. However, there remains a gap between the ideal and the practical reality which gives room for debate as to how, and in what circumstances, such rights can be restricted when a state of emergency arises. Within this framework, special attention is paid to the provisions of certain international documents related to the field of human rights as well as within a state’s own national law. The article discusses in particular the possible abuses of human rights in the situation of a state of emergency and the legal safeguards that have been put in place. The article presents the specifics of the constitutional system of the Republic of North Macedonia, with a special analysis of the role of constitutional courts in the protection of human rights during a state of emergency, and concludes with a look at the declaration of a state of emergency in Macedonia during the Covid-19 pandemic and at the legality of the actions of the various institutions involved.
Covid-19 implications and the realisation of labour rights in the Republic of North Macedonia
Authors: Velkova Tatjana , Risteski Temelko
Published: July 2021

The Covid-19 virus presents an invisible menace of major proportions. We have as yet no clear study of the causes of the virus - or, more precisely, its precise aetiology is disputed - yet it has had colossal implications. It has imposed a global public discourse which has severely eroded both collective and individual sense and consciousness. This article offers some thoughts on the social implications of the pandemic as regards labour in the early days after the virus arrived in North Macedonia, drawing on media reports of particular developments and focusing in particular on violations of employment rights and the problems of workers likely to be most at risk. The break in economic activities, a (further) fall in standards of living and the decline in GDP and, hence, the loss of jobs and the overall increase in unemployment rates further deepen the sense of (inter)national crisis. We still do not know how long this will last and the death toll that will ultimately be reached; furthermore, countries that are already struggling will, at that point, face a disproportionately sizable task in achieving social reconstruction and rehabilitation.
‘The skies are empty and the continent is overflowing with insoluble problems’ – The Covid-19 crisis in the western Balkans and the failure of the EU
Authors: Becker Jens , Kulić Ina
Published: July 2021

Many societies are still in the stranglehold of the coronavirus. China, South Korea and Taiwan have apparently overcome the pandemic but problems that are almost impossible to resolve are piling up in Europe. Despite the joint vaccination procurement campaign, the EU in particular is struggling to regulate the crisis domestically. The states of the western Balkans which have been relying on an EU perspective for years and which have repeatedly been put off, have also been hit hard, piling problems on top of health services that are, for a number of reasons, already seriously jeopardised. In view of the worsening situation - countries in central and south-eastern Europe are over-represented among those with the highest numbers of Covid-19 related deaths - we take a closer look at current practicalities and political realities in these ‘high incidence areas’, as the region is currently known (according to the Ost-Ausschuss der Deutschen Wirtschaft). This article focuses on the role of the EU, and how views of this are changing in the region, as well as that being played by other, apparently more nimble and agile, powers.
Cyanobacterial Phytochromes in Optogenetics
Authors: Sivaprakasam Sivasankari , Mani Vinoth , Balasubramaniyan Nagalakshmi , Ravindran Abraham David
Published: July 2021

Optogenetics initially used plant photoreceptors to monitor neural circuits, later it has expanded to include engineered plant photoreceptors. Recently photoreceptors from bacteria, algae and cyanobacteria have been used as an optogenetic tool. Bilin-based photoreceptors are common light-sensitive photoswitches in plants, algae, bacteria and cyanobacteria. Here we discuss the photoreceptors from cyanobacteria. Several new photoreceptors have been explored in cyanobacteria which are now proposed as cyanobacteriochrome. The domains in the cyanobacteriochrome, light-induced signaling transduction, photoconversion, are the most attractive features for the optogenetic system. The wider spectral feature of cyanobacteriochrome from UV to visible radiation makes it a light potential sensitive optogenetic tool. Besides, cyanobacterial phytochrome responses to yellow, orange and blue light have more application in optogenetics. This chapter summarizes the photoconversion, phototaxis, cell aggregation, cell signaling mediated by cyanobacteriochrome and cyanophytochrome. As there is a wide range of cyanobacteriochrome and its combination delivers a varied light-sensitive response. Besides coordination among cyanobacteriochromes in cell signaling reduces the engineering of photoreceptors for the optogenetic system.
'Ecclesia, sponsa Christi': La eclesiología en el libro XV del 'Contra Faustum' de Agustín de Hipona
Authors: Eguiarte Enrique A. , Saavedra Mauricio ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: July 2021

In this article, Book XV of 'Contra Faustum' is approached to present the various ecclesiological ideas of Faustus and Saint Augustine, behind which there are two different hypotexts of the Book of Revelation. Faustus starts from the text of Rev 21:9, which presents the Church as sponsa and uxor, that is to say of an ecclesiology that has as point of departure a consummated eschatology which is on the way to perfection. Saint Augustine starts from the text of Rev 21:2 and 22:17, where the Church is presented as sponsa, with an ecclesiology of an eschatology not yet consummated, of the 'schon jetz aber noch nicht', where the Church lives in the hope of becoming the uxor Christi in the kingdom of heaven, when the time of the nuptiae arrives. On the other hand, the fact that Saint Augustine within the Contra Faustum never calls the group of Manicheans with the word ecclesia, but only with terms such as societas or congregatio, is underlined. The article alludes to the Christological insights of Book XV of 'Contra Faustum'. The other allusions to the Church as sponsa and uxor Christi in Book XXII of 'Contra Faustum' are also studied, in order to point out again the augustinian ecclesiological idea of an eschatology not yet consummated, and the fact that the Church is also, according to Saint Augustine, the Sister of Christ.
Espiritualidad eucarística en los Sermones de Pascua de san Agustín
Authors: Chabi Kolawole ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: July 2021

This article studies Augustine’s Eucharistic Spirituality as it emerges from primarily from his preaching, in his catechesis during the Easter Season. It investigates how the bishop of Hippo explains the transformation that makes bread and wine into the Body and Blood of Christ to the neophytes. It further considers the spiritual disposition necessary for the reception of the sacrament and its effects in the life of those who worthily share in the Sacred Banquet. Finally, the article explores the link Augustine establishes between the Eucharist and the Church to demonstrate the importance of Unity among those who approach the altar of the Lord.
La construcción de la fe en Agustín. Los dos modelos de discurso en el 'De catechizandis rudibus' de Agustín
Authors: Van Neer Joost ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: July 2021

Augustine’s 'De catechizandis rudibus' consists of two sections: a theoretical section and a practical section. In the practical section the guidelines given in the theoretical section are illustrated by means of two model speeches, a longer one and a shorter one. It is commonly thought that the shorter speech is an abbreviated version or a summary of the longer speech. In this article I aim to show that this is not the case. Although a study of the structure of the speeches shows that both are set up the same way in accordance with the guidelines given, the tenor of the speeches is markedly different. Listening to the shorter speech does not impart the same information as listening to the longer speech.
Collingwood and the Nature of Consciousness
Authors: Wertz S. K. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: July 2021

This essay touches on the following topics: imagination, caprice, relative and absolute presuppositions, language, knowledge, moral and aesthetic values, art, evolution, and dreams. Collingwood distinguished between pre-reflective and reflective consciousness and identified four features of consciousness: forms (simple or primitive, practical, and theoretical or specialized), objects, feelings, and selective attention or focus. He also spoke of the corruption of consciousness that psychologists of his day called repression. This is a way in which we can falsify consciousness that can lead to inauthentic thinking and to error. The phenomenological description of these processes that he gave us is a promising over-all account. This essay also utilizes some of the contemporary literature on consciousness to draw comparisons and contrasts with Collingwood’s account. As a historical note, it offers some parallels between Leibniz and Collingwood on attention, awareness, and consciousness.
Two new species of cheilostomate Bryozoa from Iberian waters
Authors: Reverter-Gil Oscar , Souto Javier
Published: July 2021

Two new species of cheilostomate bryozoans are described from material preserved in museums: Cradoscrupocellaria severoi sp. nov., from Iberian Mediterranean waters, and Setosella margaritae sp. nov., from shallow waters along the Atlantic coast of Europe. Moreover, the Mediterranean species Setosella cyclopensis Rosso, Di Martino & Gerovasileiou, 2020 is reported in Iberian waters for the first time.
The principle of exclusive citizenship and a foreigner's status
Authors: Terzić Predrag
Published: July 2021

The process of creating a modern state and forming political institutions corresponds to the process of transforming the subjects of the past into a community constituted on the principle of citizenship. The citizen becomes the foundation of the political community and the subject, which in interaction with other citizens, forms the public sphere. However, this does not mean that all members of the community have the same rights and obligations contained in the status of a citizen. Excluding certain categories of residents from the principle of citizenship raises a number of issues that delegitimize the existing order by colliding with the ideas of justice, freedom and equality. The aim of this short research is to clarify the principle of citizenship, its main manifestations and excluded subjects, as well as the causes that are at the root of the concept of exclusive citizenship. A brief presentation of the idea of multiculturalism does not intend to fully analytically explain this concept, but only to present in outline one of the ways of overcoming the issue of exclusive citizenship. In order to determine the social significance of the topic, a part of the text is dedicated to the ideas that form the basis of an exclusive understanding of citizenship, the reasons for its application and the far-reaching consequences of social tensions and unrest, which cannot be ignored.
Effect of zeolite on the catalytic cracking of tar yields mahogany wood pyrolysis
Authors: Wijayanti Widya , Nur Sasongko , Musyaroh M
Published: July 2021

In this study, the effects of zeolite were observed to investigate the formation of a pyrolysis product, which is tar yield. Tar yields receive the most attention because of their potential as a bio-oil and chemical feedstocks. For this reason, efforts to increase tar yield were made, one of which was by adding zeolite to the pyrolysis process. The role of zeolite here was a pyrolysis catalyst. This is a study that uses mahogany wood as the feedstock for a real, pilot plant pyrolysis reactor. Moreover, 0-50% of the feedstock's mass worth of zeolite was also introduced during the pyrolytic process. The temperatures set in this pyrolysis were 250 °C, 500 °C, and 800 °C. The test results were measured in terms of the tar yield's volume and mass. The volume of tar yields produced increased as the temperature increased due to more biomass decomposed. Then, the chemical composition of tar yield was tested using a Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to measure the percentage of its chemical constituent compounds. Then, the formation mechanism of tar compounds from pyrolysis was described by using HyperChem simulation. The results showed that an increase in zeolite catalyst percentage would generate more volume of tar yields. It was due to the breaking of biomass hydrocarbon chains, increasing the production of tar yields. Zeolite also affected the formation of hydrocarbon chains in tar yields where the chains became shorter as the percentage of zeolite catalyst rose. The mechanism of increasing tar product was due to the role of zeolite as a catalyst in the catalytic cracking process which is almost similar to acid-base reactions of Brønsted-Lowry and Lewis. This reaction took place when the pyrolysis yields moved through the pores of zeolite, breaking the long hydrocarbon chains into shorter ones which were dominated by alkenes, aromatic, and acidic compounds formation. In addition, acidic compounds represented by acetic acid function as a flammable matter possess the potential of becoming oil-fuel.
Ergonomic approach to workplace (re)design during loads handling
Authors: Haznadarević Lutvo , Milošević Novak , Gardašević Dragana , Ćurčić Nebojša , Stojiljković Evica
Published: July 2021

Manual handling of loads is a set of activities that involve physical strain during work. For this reason, it is necessary to create ergonomically sound workplaces, which will help improve health and safety in the workplace. The paper describes an approach, which includes ergonomic and productivity factors, for choosing the optimal alternative for loads handling using multicriteria analysis. The purpose of this approach is to select the most important criteria to make decisions on how to reorganize the work process, as well as to meet ergonomic performance goals, all with minimal impact on the company's productivity. The objective of this paper is to analyse and select the optimal alternative for manual handling of loads using the Analytic Hierarchy Process method. The results of the research revealed that handling loads is a more optimal solution when performed by a single person, taking into account ergonomics and productivity aspects, compared to working in pairs or using conveying systems as transport AIDS.
Determination of resistance to cavitation of pyrophyllite samples
Authors: Andrić Ljubiša , Pavlović Marko , Dojčinović Marina , Radulović Dragan
Published: July 2021

The resistance under the action of cavitation of sintered pyrophillite samples was investigated. The initial sample of pyrophillite from the Parsovic-BiH deposit was ground a vibrating mill to a granulation of 20 mm, pressed and sintered at temperatures (⁰C): 100; 1100; 1200. To assess cavitation resistance, the change in sample mass as a function of cavitation time was monitored. The cavitation erosion test was performed using the ultrasonic vibratory cavitation test method according to the ASTM G-32 standard. Cavitation velocites were calculated for all samples, as a basic indicator of the resistance of the material under the action of cavitation. The change in the morphology of the surface with the test time was followed by scanning electron microscopy. Based on the values of cavitation velocity and analysis of the surface damage morphology, the cavitation resistance of the tested samples based on pyrophillite was determined. The obtained results indicate that the samples of sintered pyrophillite have satisfactory resistance to the action of cavitation and be applied in conditions of lower cavitation loads.
La comunidad como don:
Authors: Benavides Franco Tulio Alexander
Published: July 2021

A partir de la aporética de la donación que plantea Derrida, se puede afirmar que la noción de comunidad en Nancy - el ser-con -, que se manifiesta como una patencia de la relación con los otros, estaría atravesada por una latencia de la donación, a la que los seres singulares se verían irremediablemente abocados. Se plantea que, en esa exposición y comparecencia, en esa existencia fuera de sí (éxtasis) que le acaece a la singularidad y que es la forma misma como Nancy piensa la comunidad, tendría lugar ya desde siempre el acontecer de una donación “aneconómica”, que no contempla la posibilidad de la restitución o el contra-don, y que, en la medida en que no aparece como don ni para el donador ni para el donatario, se trataría de una donación imposible pero que, sin embargo, estaría siempre sucediendo.
De la teoría crítica de Habermas a la teoría discursiva del derecho y la democracia
Authors: Ortega-Esquembre César
Published: July 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las consecuencias de la teoría habermasiana del derecho y la democracia [1992] para su modelo de teoría crítica como teoría de la acción comunicativa [1981]. Se defiende que semejante teoría significa elintento de Habermas por corregir la dicotomizaión previamente mantenida entre “sistema” y “mundo de la vida”. Para apoyar esta interpretación, en primer lugar se presenta el significado de la teoría crítica de Habermas como teoría de la acción comunicativa, poniendo el foco en la dicotomía “sistema/mundo de la vida”, en la tesis de la colonización interna y en algunos problemas vinculados a este esquema. En segundo lugar,se analizan los elementos clave de la teoría discursiva del derecho y la democracia. Por último, se muestra que esta teoría permite a Habermas corregir algunos de los problemas mencionados.
El ¿buen? samaritano.
Authors: Jiménez-Castillo Manuel A
Published: July 2021

La Cooperación al Desarrollo se halla en un callejón sin salida. Las deficiencias encontradas en los métodos de vocación universal no han sido afectadas por los progresos generados desde las nuevas experiencias de laboratorio. Ni el estudio de lo general ni de lo particular favorece perspectivas saludables que mejoren lo conocido sobre la lucha contra la pobreza y la eficacia de la ayuda. A lo largo del trabajo, se identificarán algunas de sus carencias más notables y se presentará una alternativa que permita replantear el mapa conceptual del desarrollo y de la ayuda desde una influencia dialéctica y multidisciplinar.
Crítica religiosa y género en la obra literaria de la carlista Dolores de Gortázar (1895-1925)
Authors: Camino Alejandro
Published: July 2021

Dolores de Gortázar fue una escritora carlista que sostuvo muchos planteamientos heterodoxos dentro de su cultura política, tanto en sus trabajos literarios como en sus artículos políticos. En este trabajo examino el pensamiento de Gortázar desde una perspectiva de género centrándome en dos objetivos fundamentales: por un lado, prestar especial atención a cómo creía Gortázar que las personas debían practicar la religión católica. Me interesan especialmente los argumentos que utilizó para criticar a las mujeres y a los curas que no cumplían los preceptos divinos que entendía como verdaderos. Por otro lado, estudiar las cualidades ideales que la escritora carlista asignó a los hombres y mujeres. Sobre esta cuestión analizo, sobre todo, el papel que Gortázar otorgó a las mujeres en la regeneración de una sociedad que consideraba, en muchos sentidos, decadente y falta de moral.de Gortázar fue una escritora carlista que sostuvo muchos planteamientos heterodoxos dentro de su cultura política, tanto en sus trabajos literarios como en sus artículos políticos. En este trabajo
Reseña de: Alia Miranda, Francisco, Higueras Castañeda, Eduardo & Selva Iniesta, Antoni (coord.): Hasta pronto, amigos de España. Las Brigadas Internacionales en el 80 aniversario de su despedida de la Guerra Civil (1938-2018)
Authors: Ruiz Panadero Diego
Published: July 2021

Reseña de: Alia Miranda, Francisco, Higueras Castañeda, Eduardo & Selva Iniesta, Antoni (coord.): Hasta pronto, amigos de España. Las Brigadas Internacionales en el 80 aniversario de su despedida de la Guerra Civil (1938-2018).Albacete, CEDOBI, 2019, 449 pp. ISBN: 978-84-949928-2-7.
El carlismo en el franquismo. Del colaboracionismo a la clarificación ideológica
Authors: Alli Aranguren Juan Cruz
Published: July 2021

Este artículo expone la evolución durante el franquismo del tradicionalismo carlista. Pasó de su participación activa en la guerra contra la República y en el triunfo militar hasta su marginación en la construcción del nuevo Estado y oposición al régimen, acercándose al mismo en la colaboración de los años 50. De la organización como Comunión Tradicionalista representante del tradicionalismo antiliberal hasta convertirse en un partido político democrático defensor del federalismo y el socialismo autogestionario. De la falta de liderazgo dinástico hasta el reconocimiento y proclamación como rey de su príncipe regente, cuyo heredero Carlos Hugo protagonizó el proceso de «clarificación ideológica» y modernización. Esos objetivos se han estudiado a partir de los documentos elaborados por los protagonistas y de la bibliografía. De lo que resulta que en el periodo del tardofranquismo se produjo un intento de reforma sustancial del carlismo histórico que fracasó en la Transición.
Reseña: Pérez del Puerto, Ángela: Católicas de posguerra en acción. El discurso de género de Acción Católica en España y en Estados Unidos
Authors: Barrera Begoña
Published: July 2021

Reseña: Pérez del Puerto, Ángela: Católicas de posguerra en acción. El discurso de género de Acción Católica en España y en Estados Unidos. Granada, Comares, 2021, 234 pp., ISBN: 978-84-1369-160-2.
Colorectal Cancer Screening with Computed Tomography Colonography: Single Region Experience in Kazakhstan
Authors: Amankulov Jandos , Kaidarova Dilyara , Zholdybay Zhamilya , Zagurovskaya Marianna , Baltabekov Nurlan , Gabdullina Madina , Ainakulova Akmaral , Toleshbayev Dias , Panina Alexandra , Satbayeva Elvira , Kalieva Zhansaya
Published: July 2021

Background/Aims: The aim of our study was to determine the efficacy of computed tomography colonography (CTC) in screening for colorectal cancer (CRC).Methods: A total of 612 females and 588 males aged 45 to 75 years were enrolled in CTC screening. CTC was performed following standard bowel preparation and colonic insufflation with carbon dioxide. The main outcomes were the detection rate of CRC and advanced adenoma (AA), prevalence of colorectal lesions in relation to socio-demographic and health factors, and overall diagnostic performance of CTC.Results: Overall, 56.5% of the 1,200 invited subjects underwent CTC screening. The sensitivity for CRC and AA was 0.89 and 0.97, respectively, while the specificity was 0.71 and 0.99, respectively. The prevalence of CRC and AA was 3.0% (18/593) and 7.1% (42/593), respectively, with the highest CRC prevalence in the 66-75 age group (≥12 times; odds ratio [OR], 12.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.45-32.92). CRC and AA prevalence were inversely correlated with Asian descent, physical activity, and negative fecal immunochemical test results (OR=0.43; 95% CI, 0.22-0.83; OR=0.16; 95% CI, 0.04-0.68; OR=0.5; 95% CI, 0.07-3.85, respectively).Conclusions: Our study revealed high accuracy of CTC in diagnosing colonic neoplasms, good compliance with CTC screening, and high detection rate of CRC.
Principal Axes for Structural Fatigue
Authors: Hutchison Bruce L. , Ackers Benjamin B. , Leach Timothy S.
Published: July 2021

Recent advances in the analysis of joint seakeeping processes are applied to the accumulation of spectral fatigue cycles. The methods of cross co-spectral moments and techniques adopted from the determination of principal angles for seakeeping processes are used to determine orientation of the most severe plane for the accumulation of spectral fatigue cycles and the distribution of stress cycles on that plane. The theory presented considers all aspects of the wave loads experienced over the life of the structure and uses linear theory to predict lifetime fatigue using more efficient techniques than equally comprehensive time-domain simulation. Three methods of determining the orientation of the principal plane and their theoretical differences are discussed. Quantitative comparisons are presented in the time, frequency and probability domains to illustrate differences and demonstrate consistency.
A Systematic Study of Wave Phasing on Righting Arm Curves for Fishing Vessels
Authors: Womack John , Johnson Bruce
Published: July 2021

This paper summarizes the results from the SNAME funded T&R grant titled Preliminary Development of the Next Generation of Stability Criteria for Small Fishing Boats. The principal goal of this project was to take a broad look at effects of head and following waves on the current still water based stability evaluation methods to focus the needs for future research in the development of new performance based stability criteria. The wave effects were calculated using an off the shelf naval architect software package of the type typically used in small fishing vessel stability evaluations to explore the ability of these software packages to perform cost effective meaningful stability research. The use of the off the shelf naval architect software package also allowed the authors to explore new performance based stability criteria formats that utilized software and basic concepts already available to the naval architect.
Manufacturing Tolerance Effects on Ship Rudder Force/Cavitation Performance
Authors: Hackett John P. , Burg Clarence O.E. , Brewer Wesley H.
Published: July 2021

Rudder manufacturing tolerances can have an effect on rudder lift, drag, torque, cavitation, and surface erosion. An unstructured, incompressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes Computational Fluid Dynamics code, U2NCLE, is used in this study to evaluate the effects of manufacturing variations on rudder lift, drag, and torque, in the absence of cavitation. Additionally, a boundary element method code, PROPCAV, is used to analyze the effects of manufacturing tolerances on rudder cavitation inception speed. This study investigated: (1) leading edge droop, (2) trailing edge twist, (3) spanwise twist, (4) longitudinal misalignment, and (5) transverse misalignment, as well as certain combinations of these effects, on a typical navy type spade rudder. The resulting computations for the deformed rudders revealed that construction variations which result in trailing edge twist have a significant impact on the rudder’s torque coefficients. The results also showed the effects were additive when multiple manufacturing deformations were applied on the same side of the rudder, but subtractive when applied on opposite sides. For the cavitation study, the resulting computations for the deformed rudders reveal that construction variations which result in leading edge droop have the greatest effect on rudder cavitation.
The Impact of Regulations on West Coast Towing Vessel Safety
Authors: Allan Robert G.
Published: July 2021

The paper summarizes a lengthy study performed for Transport Canada evaluating through risk-analysis the effectiveness of regulations on the safety of towing vessels on the west coast of Canada and the USA, and to establish if there was a bias to one country due to the fiscal impact of regulations.
US Navy High Speed Craft – Comparison of ABS and DNV Structural Requirements
Authors: Kramer Raymond H.
Published: July 2021

Recent experience with the Littoral Combat Ship (LCS), Focused Mission Ship, Ship Structure Committee (SSC) Project SR 1437 and other programs for the US Navy has required the development of structural designs for the unique loads that occur on high speed craft. Using the ABS Rules for Building and Classing High Speed Naval Craft (ABS HSNC) and the DNV Rules for Classification of High Speed, Light Craft and Naval Surface Craft, (DNV HSLC&NSC) the hull girder, slamming and vehicle deck loads required for the design of a US Navy High Speed craft/combatant are reviewed herein. Materials and allowable stresses associated with each of the class society’s rules are summarized along with the required loads and resulting structural modifications for SSC Project SR 1437, which used each of the two rule sets to determine the structural modifications for converting a commercial, high speed ferry into a high speed military transport capable of unrestricted (i.e., open ocean) operation.
Assessment of LNG Transport Chains Using Weather-Based Voyage Simulations
Authors: Grin Rob , de Wilde Jaap , van Doorn Jos
Published: July 2021

It is well known that the weather can have considerable effects on the delivery reliability of an LNG supply chain. These effects will become even more important when the receiving terminal is located offshore. Presently most operability studies consider the transport and offloading independently and do not account for the coherence between the subsequent transport chain stages. This paper presents a realistic example and shows the extensive capabilities of the newly proposed combined approach. This approach consists of a complete simulation of the LNG transport chain and accounts for the offloading operation as well.
Experimental Approaches for Determining Sloshing Loads in LNG Tanks
Authors: Rognebakke Olav F. , Hoff Jan Roger , Allers Joachim M. , Berget Kjetil , Berge Bjørn Ola , Zhao Rong
Published: July 2021

Experimental prediction of sloshing loads for a membrane tank LNG ship requires both careful planning and execution. Challenges include identification of critical combinations of tank filling, ship heading and sea-state, utilization of suitable instrumentation, post-processing of vast amounts of data, statistical treatment of loading parameters and scaling of model test pressure loads to full-scale. MARINTEK has in the last few years performed extensive sloshing tests with different tank geometries. This paper presents the experimental approaches that have been developed.
High Pressure Water Mist – The Modern Approach In Fire Fighting
Authors: Gordin Stefan
Published: July 2021

In only ten years, high pressure water mist fire protection has evolved from theory to becoming widely accepted as an alternative to traditional sprinkler systems, foam, CO2, halon, and other gases. It has proven itself as offering equal fire protection efficiency to these other systems and, in many conditions, exceeding them.
Hydrocarbon Emission Containment in Tankers During Loading and Unloading
Authors: Husain M. , Altshuller D. , Shtepani E.
Published: July 2021

This paper presents analysis and preliminary design of the containment scheme for hydrocarbon emission control of tankers during loading and unloading.

The economic and environmental impact due to hydrocarbon emission or simply VOC (Volatile Organic Compound) emission during loading, unloading and transport of crude oil in tankers (including shuttle tankers) is significant. In an earlier paper by the authors (Husain, et al. 2003) presented at the SNAME/WMTC 2003 describes a closed, negative pressure system to prevent or minimize VOC from tankers during transport. Negative pressure is not used in the VOC containment scheme during loading and unloading – the subject matter of this paper.

There are over 200 million barrels per year of oil being loaded at terminal facilities in the USA. Presently, the number of terminal vapor control facilities (nearly 172) is inadequate. This results in ozone formation/smog and financial loss from the evaporation of crude (0.2% loss by weight). Government regulations regarding crude oil emissions are rapidly evolving. Therefore an onboard vapor control system, free of dependency on crowded shore based (or non existent) facility is deemed necessary and appropriate.
Temporary production at Xijiang field with a DP FPSO
Authors: Brugts Hielke , Soeters Mireille , Krekel Max H.
Published: July 2021

The paper describes the successful mobilization of the FPSO Munin on the Xijiang field, offshore China, to continue production in the interval that the field’s permanent FPSO was in dry dock for maintenance. The project is unique in that the FPSO Munin relies solely on its Dynamic Positioning (DP) system for station keeping. The paper describes the background to the project and goes into detail on the challenges overcome in order to make it a success. By using the original riser system and by utilizing the FPSO Munin’s DP capability a fast and cost efficient mobilization was achieved that made the project worthwhile for all parties involved. The qualification of the DP system, the offshore installation and the production operation on Xijiang are described in detail. Other applications for DP production are addressed in order to demonstrate the potential of such operations.
Tender Assisted Drilling on Deepwater Floating Production Systems
Authors: Stone Barbara A. , Treu Hans J. , Wybro Pieter G. , Wu Chunfa
Published: July 2021

Tender assisted drilling has been used with fixed platforms for a number of years. Although new to the deepwater drilling arena, tender assisted drilling provides an alternative method for drilling from dry tree units such as Spars and Tension Leg Platforms (TLPs). Studies have shown that deepwater tender assisted drilling is technically feasible. In addition, a tender assisted drilling program for a TLP is currently in operation in a field with a water depth of 3200 ft, and tender assisted drilling is planned for three developments due for installation within the next two years. Successful execution of tender assisted drilling requires attention to various issues throughout the project from concept selection through detailed design. These factors include the overall field layout, metocean criteria, and applicable design standards. Examples of platform payload impact (compared to self-contained drilling) are included.
Leading a Sea Change in Naval Ship Design: Toward Collaborative Product Development
Authors: Keane Robert G. , Fireman Howard , Billingsley Daniel W.
Published: July 2021

In October 1989, the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) conducted the Ship Design for Producibility Workshop with broad participation from the Navy, Shipbuilders, Ship Design Agents and Academia. The Workshop was one of NAVSEA’s first Total Quality Leadership (TQL) initiatives and was subsequently expanded by NAVSEA’s Chief Engineer (CHENG) and the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Navy (DASN) for Ships into the Ship Design, Acquisition, and Construction (DAC) Process Improvement Project. In addition, the National Shipbuilding Research Program (NSRP) initiated a number of thrusts in Concurrent Engineering and Increased Throughput. The authors describe one of these major process improvement initiatives, NAVSEA’s 3D “Product Model” Strategy to extend throughout the enterprise-wide process of warship development a primary focus on the bridge between ship design and shipbuilding. The Workshop and subsequent process improvement initiatives have had a profound impact on the Naval Ship Design Process. Yet, as reported to Congress in 2002 by the Secretary of the Navy, the unbudgeted cost growth and increased cycle times for Detail Design of new warships have “reached an untenable level”. This necessitated the October 2004 ASN (RDA) policy memorandum on Integrated Digital Data Environment (IDDE). To realize transformational innovations in our ship designs, as well as transformational innovations in the entire warship development process, the National Naval Responsibility in Naval Engineering (NNR-NE) was recently established by the Navy. To support NNR-NE the Office of Naval Research (ONR) and the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) created the Center for Innovation in Ship Design (CISD). A summary of some recent CISD Innovation Cells and how CISD can contribute to breaking down the existing organizational cultures and institutionalizing a collaborative product development environment are also discussed. As we begin a new century, it is appropriate that our naval ship design and shipbuilding community review its progress, look at the cross-cut principles of leading change, determine what it takes to bring about dramatic cultural transformation, and discuss the critical need for Navy, Shipbuilder, Design Agent and Academia leadership to continue developing a new collaborative product development environment which fosters a sea change in the whole naval ship development process.
Gas fuelled engine applications in ships - an overview
Authors: Osberg T. G. , Teo Tony
Published: July 2021

This paper gives an overview of the present status in the world with regard to use of gas as a fuel in ships, using the large DNV experience and knowledge as base. In Norway the number of LNG fuelled ships in operation has grown from 0 to 10 ships in the last 8 years, and the basics of some of these ships will be given. The gas engine fundamentals will be outlined, as well as the basic framework for safe installations and the status of international rules.