bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Democracy and Human Rights: Concepts, Measures, and Relationships
Authors: Landman Todd
Published: March 2018

The empirical literature on democracy and human rights has made great strides over the last 30 years in explaining (1) the variation in the transition to, consolidation of, and quality of democracy; (2) the proliferation and effectiveness of human rights law; and (3) the causes and consequences of human rights across many of their categories and dimensions. This work has in many ways overcome the ‘essentially contested’ nature of the concepts of democracy and human rights conceptually, established different measures of both empirically, and developed increasingly sophisticated statistical and other analytical techniques to provide stronger inferences for the academic and policy community. This article argues that despite these many achievements, there remain tensions between conceptualisations of democracy and human rights over the degree to which one includes the other, the temporal and spatial empirical relationships between them, and the measures that have been developed to operationalize them. These tensions, in turn, affect the kinds of analyses that are carried out, including model specification, methods of estimation, and findings. Drawing on extant theories and measures of both, the article argues that there must be greater specificity in the conceptualisation and operationalization of democracy and human rights, greater care in the development and use of measures, and greater attention to the kinds of inferences that are made possible by them.
Does the Conceptualization and Measurement of Democracy Quality Matter in Comparative Climate Policy Research?
Authors: Escher Romy , Walter-Rogg Melanie
Published: March 2018

Previous empirical research on democracy and global warming has mainly questioned whether democracy contributes to climate protection. However, there is no consensus in the theoretical literature on what institutional traits of democracy are crucial for climate policy. Thus, results based on indices that summarize multiple democracy quality dimensions could be misleading, as their effects could balance each other out or hide the relative importance of each institutional trait. This article examines whether the analysis of the effects of democracy quality dimensions, measured by separate indicators, contributes to a better understanding of cross-national variance in climate policy compared to the focus on the regime type difference, measured by democracy quality measures. Compared to earlier research, the results indicate that the positive effect of democracy on commitment to climate cooperation depends on the realization of political rights. We find little to support the claim that democracy quality dimensions matter for climate policy outcomes. The main implication of our findings is that it could be fruitful to use more disaggregated democracy measures for the analysis of substantive research questions.
Conceptualizing and Measuring the Quality of Democracy: The Citizens’ Perspective
Authors: Fuchs Dieter , Roller Edeltraud
Published: March 2018

In recent years, several measurements of the quality of democracy have been developed (e.g. Democracy Barometer, Varieties of Democracy Project). These objective measurements focus on institutional and procedural characteristics of democracy. This article starts from the premise that in order to fully understand the quality of democracy such objective measurements have to be complemented by subjective measurements based on the perspective of citizens. The aim of the article is to conceptualize and measure the subjective quality of democracy. First, a conceptualization of the subjective quality of democracy is developed consisting of citizens’ support for three normative models of democracy (electoral, liberal, and direct democracy). Second, based on the World Values Survey 2005–2007, an instrument measuring these different dimensions of the subjective quality of democracy is suggested. Third, distributions for different models of democracy are presented for some European and non-European liberal democracies. They reveal significant differences regarding the subjective quality of democracies. Fourth, the subjective quality of democracy of these countries is compared with the objective quality of democracy based on three indices (electoral democracy, liberal democracy and direct popular vote) developed by the Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project. Finally, further research questions are discussed.
Why Choice Matters: Revisiting and Comparing Measures of Democracy
Authors: Giebler Heiko , Ruth Saskia P. , Tanneberg Dag
Published: March 2018

Measures of democracy are in high demand. Scientific and public audiences use them to describe political realities and to substantiate causal claims about those realities. This introduction to the thematic issue reviews the history of democracy measurement since the 1950s. It identifies four development phases of the field, which are characterized by three recurrent topics of debate: (1) what is democracy, (2) what is a good measure of democracy, and (3) do our measurements of democracy register real-world developments? As the answers to those questions have been changing over time, the field of democracy measurement has adapted and reached higher levels of theoretical and methodological sophistication. In effect, the challenges facing contemporary social scientists are not only limited to the challenge of constructing a sound index of democracy. Today, they also need a profound understanding of the differences between various measures of democracy and their implications for empirical applications. The introduction outlines how the contributions to this thematic issue help scholars cope with the recurrent issues of conceptualization, measurement, and application, and concludes by identifying avenues for future research.
Energiafelhasználás és gazdasági növekedés a visegrádi négyekben: abszolút vagy relatív szétválás?
Authors: Szlávik János , Sebestyénné Szép Tekla
Published: March 2018

A rendszerváltást követően a visegrádi négyek gazdaságának energiaintenzitása csökkenő tendenciát mutat. Hosszú távon ezen országok gazdaságai az energia csökkenő vagy csökkenő növekedési ütemű felhasználása mellett fejlődhetnek, ami hozzájárul a gazdasági és környezeti fenntarthatósághoz és közvetve a környezeti terhelés csökkenéséhez. A technológiai fejlődés, a gazdasági struktúra változása lehetővé teszi, hogy a termelés és a lakosság igényeinek a kielégítése kevésbé energiaintenzív módon történjen.

Tanulmányunkban kétféle szétválási tényező számításával vizsgáljuk a visegrádi négyekben (Lengyelország, Csehország, Szlovákia és Magyarország) a végső energiafelhasználás és a gazdasági növekedés (erőforrás-)szétválását 1990 és 2015 között. Következtetéseket vonunk le a hatásszétválásról, felhasználva a vizsgált országok ökológiai lábnyomát és biokapacitását. Az elemzésben kiemelt figyelmet szentelünk azon időszakoknak, melyek során a gazdaság recesszióba került.

Eredményeink szerint a rendszerváltást követő mintegy két és fél évtized során többségben voltak azok az évek, amikor megvalósult az erőforrás-szétválás abszolút vagy relatív formája. Ugyanakkor a 2009–2013-as időszak strukturális törésként értelmezhető, ezekben az években a vizsgált országokban a gazdasági növekedés és az energiafelhasználás szétválása nem valósult meg. Ebben a periódusban a gyenge negatív, az erős negatív és az expanzív negatív irányú szétválásra találunk példát. Elemzésünk alapján kijelenthető, hogy a szétválás nem egy állandósult folyamat, akár másfél évtizednyi szétválást követően is megfordulhat a pozitív tendencia. Az ökológiai lábnyomok elemzéséből arra következtethetünk, hogy az energiatermelést vizsgálva a termelésszétválás mellett érzékelhető hatásszétválás is.
Város és nagyvállalat együttműködése hírnevük alakításában: Győr és az Audi Hungaria Zrt.
Authors: Jakab Petra , Konczosné Szombathelyi Márta
Published: March 2018

Ahogy a fogyasztási javak piacán versenyfutás zajlik a fogyasztókért, úgy versenyeznek a harmadik évezred városai a lakosokért, a befektetőkért, a nagyvállalatokért, a turistákért. E versenyfutásban nagy fegyvertény a város imázsa, jó hírneve, reputációja, ezek tudatos alakítása. Győr, a dinamikusan fejlődő város gazdasága többszöri modellváltás után az autóiparra épül, fő pillére a városban telephelyet alapító, jelentős nemzetközi nagyvállalat, az Audi Hungaria Zrt.

A kutatás célja, hogy a PR, a városmarketing, a városi és vállalati hírnévkutatás közös metszeteként új aspektusban világítson rá a közös térben levő gazdasági és önkormányzati szektor még hatékonyabb együttműködési lehetőségeire.

A tanulmányból a vállalat és város hírnévépítési folyamatáról, ezek közös mozzanatairól adunk képet, amely – az elméleten túl – a gyakorlatban is hasznosítható információkat nyújt. A hírnévelemek, a hírnév alakításának folyamatvizsgálata során azt mutatjuk be, hogyan tud együttműködésük során egy nagyvállalat és a neki otthont adó város hírnevük stratégiai alakításában szinergiákat felmutatni, ezáltal a területi tőkét erősíteni.
Magyarország és a globális közlekedési tér
Authors: Erdősi Ferenc
Published: March 2018

A nyitott gazdaságú országok számára fontos, hogy mennyire képesek integrálódni a világgazdaságba és az azt kiszolgáló globális közlekedési rendszerbe. A távoli kontinensekkel folytatott kereskedelemből (a megfelelő peremfeltételek mellett) a komparatív előnyök kihasználása révén extra haszon származhat. Magyarország gazdasága már a 20. században is igen erősen az európai exportra orientált volt. Az utóbbi évtizedekben végbement szerkezetváltás növelte a távoli (főként kelet-ázsiai) beszerzési piacok jelentőségét. Ezért a magyar gazdaság működése szempontjából sem közömbös, hogy mennyire képes bekapcsolódni a globális áruszállítás rendszerébe, melynek meghatározó eszköze (Oroszország nagy része és Közép-Ázsia kivételével) csak a tengerhajózás lehet.

A különféle opciókat vizsgálva a szerző áttekintést ad a hátrányos tenger nélküli helyzet enyhítését szolgáló korábbi magyar Duna-tengerhajózásról és „mélytengeri” hajózásról, megszűnésük okairól és következményeiről, továbbá a korunkbeli (szállítástechnológiai korszakváltás által is befolyásolt) kikötőválasztás lehetőségeiről. A tanulmány bemutatja a hazai tengerhajózás szükségességéről, a nemzeti flottához való ragaszkodásról vallott különböző nézeteket. Miért és hogyan ütköztek egymással az ágazati (a hajózási szakembergárda és a – kisebb tengeri hajók fogadására alkalmas – csepeli kikötő által képviselt) parciális érdekek a nemzetgazdaságinak minősített érdekkel a fennmaradás versus megszüntetés dilemmájában? A korábbi megszüntetést kényszer szülte „kváziracionális” opciónak értékeli a szerző, mivel a konténerhajók vásárlásához szükséges tőke hiánya volt a meghatározó tényező a döntéskor. A mai gazdaságossági számítások tükrében már több érv szól a külföldi hajózási társaságokkal való szállíttatás mellett.

Kedvezőbb helyzetben van Magyarország a globális légi közlekedési tér eléréséhez. A nemzeti légitársaság (MALÉV) megszűnése ellenére Budapestről közvetlen távolsági járatokkal több desztináció érhető el, mint a környező nyugat- és kelet-balkáni országok fővárosaiból. Viszont a regionális hub szerepét továbbra is Bécs (és részben Prága) tölti be.

A jövőben az Isztria-közeli kikötők szerepe Magyarország külkereskedelme számára erősödik, viszont a direkt globális légi vonalak száma számottevően nem növekszik.
Átalakuló pártállam és egyenlőtlen túlfűtöttség Kínában a globális válság idején
Authors: Csanádi Mária , Gyuris Ferenc
Published: March 2018

Ebben a cikkben azt vizsgáljuk, hogy az átalakuló kínai pártállami rendszerben a beruházások dinamikája szempontjából milyen rendszerszerű következményei vannak a külső sokkhatáshoz alkalmazkodó állami beavatkozásnak. Elméleti alapon (még e kutatást megelőzően) megfogalmazott hipotéziseinket – az összehasonlító interaktív pártállami modell (IPS) értelmezési keretére támaszkodva – az 1990-es évek végétől statisztikailag igazoljuk. A beruházások túlfutása a kínai pártállamnak is állandó jellemzője, amelyet a párt, az állam és a gazdaság döntéshozói közötti függőségi és érdekérvényesítési viszonyokból kialakuló pártállami hatalmi háló léte és működése, valamint az abban keletkező szerkezeti motivációk okoznak. A pártállami hatalmi háló elemeinek, kapcsolódási és működési elveinek térben, időben és különböző aggregációs szinteken önhasonló jellege miatt a beruházások túlfutása különböző helyeken és időszakokban, valamint eltérő léptékekben is kimutatható.

A beruházási kilengések gyakorisága a háló által leképezett hatalmi eloszlás aktuális sajátosságainak függvénye. Megállapítjuk, hogy a pártállami háló sokkhatáshoz történő alkalmazkodása a rendszerszerű magatartások intenzitását, ezzel együtt a gazdasági túlfűtöttség mértékét is növeli, utóbbi pedig a háló aktuális szerkezete által leképezett hatalmi viszonyok sajátosságaihoz igazodik. Empirikusan igazoljuk, hogy a decentralizált kínai hatalmi hálóban a lokális hatalom túlzott mértékű beruházása az országosénál intenzívebb. Eredményeink szerint a túlfűtöttség egyenlőtlen térbeli intenzitása az állami beavatkozás térbeli és tulajdonbeli prioritásai szerint alakul; a túlfűtöttség mértékének időszakos kilengései és a háló aktivitásának átmeneti növekedései (vagyis a háló zsugorodásának lassulása) összefüggenek; a beruházások kilengéseiben, azok felfutásaiban és lecsengéseiben pedig a különböző tulajdonformájú vállalatok eltérő magatartásformái fedezhetők fel.
Experience of cyclooxygenase inhibitor use for correction of urine overproduction in incontinent women
Authors: Osipova Natalya A. , Niauri Dariko A. , Gzgzyan Alexander M.
Published: March 2018

Hypothesis/aims of study. Questions of urine incontinence pathogenesis and ways of treatment are actively discussed by gynecologists, urologists and neuropathologists. Urine incontinence often has multifactor origin: the causes of urine incontinence are connected, as a rule, with violation of urine continence functional mechanisms, anatomical and topographical features of the lower urinary tract or an age failure of ovaries function. At the same time changes of kidneys function play part in urine incontinence pathogenesis. In some cases urine incontinence is combined with urine overproduction or inversion of circadian rhythm of renal function due to decrease in a reabsorption sodium ions in the thick ascending limb of a Henle’s loop. The reabsorption of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl– in this department of a nephron is increased by vasopressin activation of V2-receptors. In some patients we succeeded to normalize ions transport, diuresis, circadian rhythm of urine production by desmopressin administration, however in some cases significant decrease in a diuresis did not happen. The lack of therapy effect could be connected with local production of substances resisting to effect of this hormone, in particular prostaglandin E2. The current analysis was undertaken to evaluate the clinical efficiency of Diclofenac in incontinent patients with nocturnal polyuria and polyuria.

Study design, materials and methods. A total of 44 patients with complaints of urinary incontinence, polyuria (24-urine volume of 40 mL/kg bodyweight or above) or nocturnal polyuria (nocturnal volume/24-h urine volume of 0.33 or above) (Van Kerrebroeck P., 2002) and 14 control subjects were included. Mean patient age was 42.8 ± 4.5 years, in control subjects 39.4 ± 6.3 (p > 0.05). All participants performed 72h-urinecollection to determine the voided volumes and the levels of creatinine, osmolality, sodium, magnesium and potassium for each sample. A blood sample was taken during the 72-urinecollection to determine the levels of creatinine, osmolality, sodium, magnesium and potassium. The examination of patients with polyuria and nocturnal polyuria was performed twice: in the initial state and one month after the start of treatment with optimal dose of Diclofenac.

Results. In patients with polyuria and nocturnal polyuria the glomerular filtration rate was normal, whereas diuresis and solute (sodium, magnesium, potassium) clearance in night samples in nocturnal polyuria and both in night and day samples was higher. Diclofenac use had the normalizing effect on transport of ions in a nephron.
LEVITATION GAP IN SUSPENSION OF HTSC UNDER THE PERMANENT MAGNET
Authors: VOLKOV Mikhail P , PROSCURIN Alexei A
Published: March 2018

An experimental study of HTSC disc levitation above the permanent NdFeB magnet and suspension of HTSC disc under the HTS magnet. It was shown that when the suspension under the magnet is observed at significantly greater distance (clearance) between the magnet and the disc. Consideration of the magnetization of the HTSC disc in the levitation and suspension on the basis of the critical state model enabled us to explain the observed differences in the clearance for these two variants of contactless suspension.
SIMULATION OF EMERGENCY COLLISION OF A MAGNETIC LEVITATION TRAIN WITH AN OBSTACLE
Authors: RYAZANOV Eldar M , PAVLYUKOV Alexander Ed
Published: March 2018

In the last decades much attention has been focused on improving the passive safety of automobile, aviation, railway and shipbuilding vehicles by means of development of special energy-absorbing devices (EAD). The operation principle of such devices is to absorb the kinetic energy of the collision with the obstacle by means of the controlled irreversible deformation of its own design [1]. The article proposes to implement these devices and passive safety systems to assess their effectiveness. The solution of this issue was carried out by the authors' methods of numerical simulation of emergency collision of a rolling stock with an obstacle [2-4]. The article demonstrates the simulated emergency crash system of the passenger magnetic levitation train. It consists of a front and undercar crash-modules. The first is mounted on the end part of the head car of the train to absorb the collision energy with a large obstacle in case of an accident. The second is designed to reduce the consequences of collisions with obstacles of relatively small sizes, able to break the floor or damage undercar equipment at high speed. Various designs and materials used for manufacturing of EAD were theoretically investigated using the developed model of emergency collision. In the result the assessment of work effectiveness of the designed emergency crash-system in accordance with the existing regulatory requirements for traffic safety was carried out.
Transport universities are in the context of the federal law № 273-FZ «On education in Russian Federation»
Authors: Grigorev Nikolay N
Published: March 2018

The education in Russia since 1990 year remains in a state of permanent reformation. Distinctive characteristics of this period can be stated on the one hand as the abrupt flow-out of the high grade young professors from the Higher educational units and on the other hand head long growth of the quantity of the said units. The law of «Transition of quantity into quality» had an inexorable effect not only on the quality of education of the graduates but on the personnel potential of the Russia in general. Rapid growth of the quantity of the Higher education specialists of questionable qualification and partial demand have started. At the same time the skill conversion practically disappeared. And technical colleges started to transform into universities or branches of those. In order to regulate existing uncertainty the gradation of the Higher educational units appears in the Federal Law РФ № 273-ФЗ «Education in Russian Federation». As a matter of fact that Law stipulates 4 grades of Higher educational units, whereof for the first three quotas of 40 units are envisaged. All remaining units, including those engaged in education of the specialists in the field of transportation. Such approach to the problem seems to be rather subjective. In the year of 2013 the index of GDP (Gross domestic product) in the category «Transport and communication» was some 8% which corresponds to the fourth place in the structure of the Gross added cost in Russia. Normative per person financing in the Higher educational units of the fourth grade will negatively influence the quality of education and contrary to the humanitarians the aftereffects will not be of deferred character but will directly cause the increase of accidents at the transport. Taking into account the importance of the transport for the Russia it seems quite strange such indifferent approach to the personnel which plays the most important part of success in the field of transportation.
Freight stations for lines of magnetic levitation
Authors: Kostenko Vladimir V , Chetchuev Maksim V , Fyodorov Vladimir P , Homich Dmitry I
Published: March 2018

At the present stage of development of a transport of magnetic levitation, there is a clear trend of its division by the nature of the traffic flows, i.e. for passenger and cargo transportation. One of the most promising areas of freight maglev transport is container transportation. So far, the aspects of designing the freight stations required for container shipments by this type of transport were not broadly explored. After analyzing the principles and technology of existing container terminals within the traditional rail transport, it can be concluded that the maglev container stations should be constructed on the basis of conditions to ensure the possibility of the three main types of operations: freight, marshaling, and maintenance of rolling stock. Meanwhile, the execution of these operations will require the traditional devices, which are used at railway container terminals, and specific, which related to work of transport on magnetic suspension. Particular attention should be paid to the decision-making on the schemes of maglev freight stations. With the current state of the problem, it is logical to assume that the first types of these stations and sites for loading and unloading of containers will be designed according to deadlock schemes. The main requirement for schemes of such stations would be the support of container flows promotion and their processing. The article suggested three possible options for the organization of the maglev container stations, ensuring fulfillment of this requirement. The main difference between the considered options is the way to move platforms from one track to another. In the first case, it is proposed to use a magnetic switch and a deadend rail track, in the second option - a special device that works similarly to transborder, while the third option - a loop route. Analysis of the developed variants showed that in the short term, the greatest likelihood of practical implementation would have a version with the transborder device type. On this basis, the article proposed two principal schemes of maglev freight stations that differ by the processing capacity. For each scheme, the detailed technology of work is considered.
Socio-economic aspects of innovation projects in the transport
Authors: Belozerov V L
Published: March 2018

Some general aspects of design of magnetic levitation transport are considered. It is noted that during creation of transport on a magnetic suspension the main questions are: traffic safety, social and economic effect which will be reached from introduction of this type of transport, availability and mobility of the population, environmental friendliness, etc. A new type of transport can be effectively used in long-distance and suburban area of large cities to provide transportation from the center to the airports, sea, river and bus stations and transport hubs. It can be used for the cargo transportation. Creation of magnetic levitation transport promotes achievement of economic interests of the state and regions, gives rise to the development of promising areas of science and attract young scientists, researchers, development of new technologies, production processes, creation of new workplaces, etc. Material is intended for scientists, experts of transport, graduate students and students of higher educational institutions.
Vacuum magnetic levitation transport: definition of optimal characteristics
Authors: Fomin V M , Zvegintsev V I , Nalivaichenko D J , Terent’ev Y A
Published: March 2018

Known to a wide circle of specialists of the transport, the concept of "Evacuated Тube Тransport Technology" (ET3) [1] is an energy efficient complex magnetic levitation, vacuum and superconducting technology for high-speed ground transportation. The concept is presented as the most effective solution to problem increase the speed and capacity of the transport system c is acceptable the cost of moving passengers and cargo, and low cost of energy. To determine the optimal ranges of working parameters of the considered transportation system the analysis of the characteristics of the rarefied environment. Based on considerations of balance of power the cost of maintaining the vacuum in the system and to overcome aerodynamic drag throughout the speed range of the vehicle (TC) (500÷6500 km/h) it is shown that the lower bound of the optimal depth of vacuum to the vacuum environment, for the vehicle to relatively low speeds, is 25÷80 PA. For vehicles with speeds close to the maximum I would like to have the pressure of 1 PA or less.
Directions of innovative development of railway transport
Authors: Kotova E A
Published: March 2018

Introduction. The reform of railway transport radically changes forms and methods of business process management. This reform of JSC "Russian Railways" affects all levels of management and all types of activity. The key method of reform realization is competition development in the sector of railway transportation. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to identify possibilities of railway transport competitive advantages development as a result of strategic innovations conception applying. In the paper are considered: features of railway transport innovative development; strategic innovations conception as a base of corporation growth and decline of competition level as a result of new business models; directions and volume of financing of innovative process in JSC "Russian Railways"; technological providing of company’s innovative strategy realization. Methodology. For achievement of the research purpose general scientific methods were applied, such as: system approach, analysis and synthesis, comparison. Results. In the article main directions of railway transport development according to innovative strategy of JSC "Russian Railways" are considered. The alternative way is realization of strategic innovations conception. Practical importance. Strategic innovations conception which described in the article may be used in JSC "Russian Railways" when changing of strategic aims and priorities of company development. Conclusion. In the conditions of modern market enterprises and companies have to search new management forms and methods to provide their competitive advantages. Railway transport dev elopement strategy supposes rolling stock updating, rising of transportation services quality, efficiency and safety, building of new railway lines and transport infrastructure modernization. For JSC "Russian Railways" in this context the main perspectives are development of human resources potential, assing to innovative development. Strategic innovations conception is one of the ways of company’s competitivenessand efficiency increasing, having a perspective of practical application.
Intellectual capital formation in new economic space based on high-speed transport systems
Authors: Palkina Elena S
Published: March 2018

Introduction: The competitiveness of national transport systems in the global economy is primarily determined by their innovativeness, which influences the quality, cost of transport services and, as a consequence, the degree of customer satisfaction. The innovative capacity of an economic agent, in turn, depends largely on the size and quality of intellectual capital. Method: The "Economics of Transport of high speeds". Result: In modern Russia the vector of transport system innovation development is determined by such an important indicator of the transportation process, as the delivery time of goods and passengers. An obvious consequence of the actualization of this vector of development of national transport system is the need of the Russian economy in its own personnel and scientific support for high-speed traffic development projects. One of the leading transport universities of the Russian Federation, training industry experts, is the Petersburg State Transport University. Scientific and personnel potential of the University can be successfully used in the formation of the Eurasian economic space high-tech network of high-speed traffic. Since 2015, in order to generate the intellectual capital for the Russian transport industry development, needed for creation of the national competitive innovative transport system, a new master's program "High-speed transport economics" has been implemented on the basis of the Transportation Economics Department, the PGUPS. This program is aimed at proactive quality training of competitive highly qualified specialists with innovative thinking, modern in-depth knowledge, skills and competences in the field of economics and management of transport companies (all modes of transport). Conclusion: The socio-economic impact as a result of the implementation of the program is that the use of intellectual capital and organizational and managerial skills of its graduates for creation in Russia the competitive high-speed intelligent transport system will help to speed up delivery of goods and passengers, increase population mobility, enhance the economic and socio-cultural integration of the regions of the country, the sustainable territorial development of Russia, growth of labor productivity, improvement of transport services quality, the competitiveness of the national transport system in the global market of transport services, increase the use of transport-transit potential of the Russian Federation, its budget revenues from the export of transport services.
Features design and construction of artificial structures for Maglev - roads
Authors: Talashkin Gennadiy N
Published: March 2018

The article is devoted to the design and construction of artificial structures. Introduction. A brief analysis of foreign experience in the design and construction of bridges and overpasses for roads with magnetic levitation technology (maglev-roads). The basic parameters and design and technology solutions span structures of various sections and pillars. Analysis: Based on international experience, discussed the use of different materials for possible use in the construction of roads, maglev, such as concrete and steel, as well as composite materials. The operation of superstructures of various lengths and systems. The estimation of man-made structures of a continuous system, which can reduce their material consumption due to a more favorable distribution of forces arising in the beams. Results: The possible construction methods magnetic levitation roads, such as the use of scaffolding , moving from a flight to flight as the concreting sections, as well as the method of cyclical longitudinal sliding, which combines the serial production of sections of continuous superstructure on the stocks and longitudinal shifting collected whip of several sections on axis of the bridge. Conclusions: Formulated the main technical problem related to the construction of artificial structures.
The development of approaches of creation of research complex of railway transport
Authors: Milovanova E A , Lyubchenko I A
Published: March 2018

The ways of organizing the research process in railway transport in achieving a high precision objective evaluation of dynamics of railway rolling stock vehicles throughout the range of variation of the measured parameters, using the experience of flow studies of the dynamics of aircraft, and adapting that experience to the object of study.
Integrative model of a magnetically levitated train's traction force
Authors: Polyakov V A , Hachapuridze N M
Published: March 2018

Magnetically levitated train's (MLT) motor's traction force realization (TFR) occurs in the process of electromechanical energy transformation by inductor's and armature's magnetic fields interaction. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to obtain a correct description of such energy transformation. At the present stage, a mathematical and, in particular, computer simulation is the main and most universal tool of process’s and system's analysis and synthesis. At the same time, a radical advantage of this tool makes it even more important precision selecting a particular methodology of the study. Especially important it is for such a large and complex system, which is an MLT. Therefore the special attention in the work is given to the reasoned choice and substantiation of research paradigm's selective features. The results of analysis of existing versions of TFR process model indicate that each of these versions possesses both advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, one of the main results of this study should be the creation of a mentioned process's mathematical model's new version. The created version of the model should preserve the advantages of previous versions, but to be free of their disadvantages. The rationality of application, for the purposes of motor's TFR process research, of the integrative holistic paradigm was convincingly proved in the work. The priority of creation of such paradigm and corresponding version of the TFR process model constitute the scientific novelty of research. The main manifestation of practical value of this research in the opportunity, in case of use of its results, of a significant increasing of efficiency of MLT's dynamic investigations, on the condition that their generalized costs will not increase.
Development of model freight magnetic levitation terminal
Authors: Kostenko Vladimir V , Belykh Nikita S , Chetchuev Maksim V , Shepel Alexander S , Fedorov Vladimir P
Published: March 2018

On the basis of schemes of cargo magnetic levitation stations, developed by the specialists of the Department of "Railway stations and junctions" of Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, and the technology to transport goods over discrete-continuous principles created a model that allows to perform dynamic experiments to identify significant design parameters and performance of magnetic levitation terminals. Goal: To identify dependencies of key operating parameters of freight terminals required for their design and choice of rational performance of basic elements and devices. Method: In order to solve this problem, it is proposed to use a simulation method by means of a programme AnyLogic. Results: The technological algorithm of a freight station was developed, on the basis of which in the software environment of AnyLogic of the Russian company “the AnyLogic Company” the simulation model was built, and necessary report data were obtained - the required number and capacity of loading and unloading equipment, annual turnover of terminal, the average time spent on the platforms at the station and unproductive downtime of magnetic levitation platforms. Practical importance: The model verification has shown that the proposed simulation method allows to determine and justify the required parameters of the freight terminal of magnetic levitation lines, which will ensure rational spending of the funds for their construction and required processing ability.
Adjustable Squirrel-Cage Linear Induction Motor for Magnetic Levitation Transport
Authors: Solomin Vladimir A , Bichilova Anastasia A , Zamshina Larisa L , Trybitsina Nadezhda A
Published: March 2018

The article deals with linear induction motor (LIM) with a squirrel-cage winding of the secondary element (SE), which functions as the armature of the machine. Linear location of squirrel-cage winding of the secondary element of LIM allowed suggesting a number of options for the regulation of the winding resistance of SE. Objective. Development and research of LIM with adjustable winding resistance of the secondary element for magnetic levitation transport, and the study of the properties of adjustable LIM. At the modern level of development of the electrical engineering, asynchronous electric drive and magnetic levitation transport, the primary method of changing the frequency rotation of motor and speed of linear motion of high-speed transport vehicles is frequency control. Frequency control allows changing the frequency of rotation of the machine and linear speed of LIM smoothly and in broad diapason. The high cost of static electronic converters of high power limits the large-scale application of frequency control. The increase of the current frequency also leads to lower torque and traction. Results. According to the authors, the application of the adjustable linear induction motors with variable resistances of short-circuited windings of the secondary elements will allow to expand the range of control of LIM, intended for high-speed magnetic levitation transport with the realisation of large traction, including the start (starting the vehicle) by means of current displacement in the groove of the secondary element of the LIM. Conclusion. The linear induction motors of this type, as well as the calculation of the magnetic field in the groove of the secondary element, and evaluation of the influence of the current displacement on the starting and controlling features of the machine are considered.
Prerequisites for the Creation of a High-Speed Container Transport System
Authors: Kireev Alexander V , Kozhemyaka Nikolay M , Kononov Gennadiy N
Published: March 2018

The new scope of application for vehicles equipped with magnetic suspension is the fright container transportation. In order to realise the transit potential of the country, the increase in mean speed of the container trains is required. Objective. The purpose of the work is to explore the possibilities to develop the highspeed transport system equipped with magnetic suspension for container transportation along Eurasian land bridge. Methods. The following methods and analysis have been used as research instruments: case study, computer modeling, transport geography and technical and economic analysis. Results. The market analysis results of the transit container transportation have shown that the major challenge for Russian transit development is the constrained traffic capacity of the existing transport corridors. The drastic solution of the problem can be the construction of a new high-speed transport system. The following factors determining the conditions for the creation of the new transport system have been identified: the use of the Azov-Black sea basin transportation facilities, provision of the accessibility of the northern areas; the development of technical solutions ensuring the design of the transport system with low cost infrastructure. The combined traction levitation system has been developed based on the extremely simple design of the linear switched reluctance motor. The experimental researches of the full-functional physical model of the transport platform have been performed. The assessment of investment project efficiency has shown that despite large start-up investment in the track infrastructure, the project has positive economic effect. Practical importance. The computer model of the combined traction levitation system based on the linear switched reluctance motor has been designed. The concept of the new transport system construction has been introduced taking into account the characteristics of the supposed operating test sites in poorly developed areas. The high-speed route has been proposed connecting the Azov-Black sea basin with the Pacific coastline and completely passing through the territories of Russia including some northern regions. The transit potential assessment has shown that due to the transit time reduction it is possible to attract the container freights with traffic volume of 1.52 million in twenty-pounds equivalent.
Çocukluk Çağında Akut Myeloid Lösemi
Authors: Yöntem Ahmet , Bayram İbrahim
Published: March 2018

Akut lösemiler, akut lenfoblastik lösemi ve akut myeloid lösemi olarak temelde ikiye ayrılmaktadır. Çocukluk çağı lösemilerinin yaklaşık %15-20’sini akut myeloid lösemiler (AML) oluşturmaktadır. AML morfolojik, sitokimyasal ve immünofenotipik özelliklere göre sınıflandırılabilir. AML hastaları lösemik hücrelerin tuttuğu organ ve dokulara göre çeşitli klinik bulgu ve semptomlarla başvurabilirler. Yaş, cinsiyet, ırk, hastanın yapısal özellikleri  ve sitogenetik anormallikler AML’de prognozu etkileyen önemli faktörlerdir. Akut miyeloid lösemi tedavisinde amaç hastaya verilen en az toksisite ile tam remisyon ve bu remisyonun devamını sağlamaktır. Bu çalışmada, çocukluk çağı akut myeloid lösemilerinde etiyoloji, sınıflama, klinik özellikler, prognoz ve tedavi stratejileri incelenmiştir.
The incidence of AmpC β-lactamases producing Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies pneumoniae
Authors: Singh Priyanka
Published: March 2018

Background: AmpC β- lactamases in the clinical isolates reduces the therapeutic value of β- lactam- β-lactam inhibitor combinations. if not detected can be disseminated in the hospital environment and pose a serious therapeutic challenge. Hence present study is undertaken to detect the incidence of AmpC β -lactamases producing Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies pneumoniae out of total 300 Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies pneumoniae isolated from different clinical samples of the patient attending Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and its hospital in Dept of Microbiology.Methods: Isolates are screened for presumptive AmpC production by testing their susceptibility to Cefoxitin using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Phenotypic confirmatory tests for detection of AmpC β- lactamases by Modified three dimentional test, Amp C disc test, Amp C disc test with Inhibitor (Boronic Acid) based disc potentiation test.Results: In our present study 75 (25%) Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were positive for AmpC β lactamases production either alone or in combinations with other β- lactamases. 75 strains were positive for AmpC β-lactamase (25%). These 75 strains were further confirmed by E Test.Conclusions: Overproduction of AmpC β- lactamases by mutation is responsible for resistance. if not detected can be pose a serious therapeutic challenge. So, its detection improves the therapeutic outcome in patient care.
Fatty necrosis of falciform ligament due to torsion mimics falciform ligament cyst on MRI
Authors: Özdeniz İlknur , Devay Ali Önder , Özgan Ediz Tevfik
Published: March 2018

The falciform ligament which is a broad
and thin peritoneal ligament, divides the left and right subphrenic
compartments. Some pathologies of this ligament can be a rare cause of acute
abdomen. Mostly its pathologies present a challenge for diagnose. In a case who
was admitted with acute abdomen, we determined a fatty
necrosis of the falciform ligament during surgery.
This rare primary pathology of the falciform ligament
mimics falciform ligament cyst on MRI, which is another rare pathology.
OSMANLI DEVLETİ’NDE KLASİK DÖNEM VE SONRASINA AİT DELÂİLÜ’L-HAYRÂT MİNYATÜRLERİNDEKİ DEĞİŞİM
Authors: Gülgen Hicabi , Güler Semra
Published: March 2018

Kuzey Afrika’da,
Muhammed b. Süleyman el-Cezûlî (ö.1465) tarafından tertip edilen Delâilü’l-Hayrât
ve Şevâriku’l-Envâr isimli eser, yazıldığı günden itibaren bütün İslam
ülkeleri tarafından benimsenmiş ve İslam coğrafyasında en çok okunan dua
kitaplarının başında gelmektedir. Salât ü selâmların toplandığı bu kitabın
günümüzde geçerliliğini hala korumasının ardındaki sebep, şüphesiz
Müslümanların Hz. Muhammed’e (s.a.v.) olan derin muhabbetidir. İslam sanat
anlayışı çerçevesinde minyatürlerle süslenmiş olan bu eserin çok sayıda
istinsah edildiği ve yapılan bu minyatürlerin hem coğrafyaya hem de yüzyıllara
göre farklılıklar gösterdiği bilinir. Türkiye Kütüphaneleri’nde bulunan el
yazması Delâilü’l-Hayrât nüshalarındaki minyatürlerin, diğer İslam
ülkelerindeki örneklerle konu bakımından benzerlik göstermekle birlikte kendine
has özellikler taşıdığı görülür. Ancak zamanla Osmanlı Devleti’ndeki bu
minyatürler değişmiş, konu ve teknik açısından Batı sanat anlayışı etkisi
altında kalmışlardır. Dolayısıyla, bu minyatürlerin nasıl değişim gösterdiğini
izlemek, aslında bir medeniyetin de arka planını okumak manasına gelir. Sadece
Osmanlı Devleti’nde istinsah edilmiş Delâilü’l-Hayrât nüshalarında
karşımıza çıkan Mekke-Medine şehir tasvirleri de, birer tarihi belge olmaları
bakımından ayrıca önem arz etmektedir.
Analysis of Energy Saving Potential in High-Performance Building Technologies under Korean Climatic Conditions
Authors: Kim Chul-Ho , Lee Seung-Eon , Kim Kang-Soo
Published: March 2018

This study aims to suggest a basis for the selection of technologies for developing high-performance buildings to reduce energy consumptions and greenhouse gas emissions. Energy-saving technologies comprising of 15 cases were categorized into passive, active, and renewable energy systems. EnergyPlus v8.8 was used to analyze the contribution of each technology in reducing the primary energy consumptions and CO2 emissions in the Korean climate. The primary energy consumptions of the base model were 464.1 and 485.1 kWh/m²a in the Incheon and Jeju, respectively, and the CO2 emissions were 83.4 and 87.4 kgCO2/m²a, respectively. Each technology (cases 1–15) provided different energy-saving contributions in the Korean climate depending on their characteristics. The heating, cooling, and other energy-saving contributions of each technology indicate that their saving rates can be used when selecting suitable technologies during the cooling and heating seasons. Case 15 (active chilled beam with dedicated outdoor air system + ground source heat pump) showed the highest energy saving rate. In case 15, the Incheon and Jeju models were reduced by 189.4 (59.2%) and 206.2 kWh/m²a (57.4%) compared to the base case, respectively, and the CO2 emissions were reduced by up to 32.7 (60.8%) and 35.6 kgCO2/m²a (59.3%), respectively.