bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
48.3: Viewer's Eye Position Estimation using Single Camera
Authors: Ju Seong‐Hwan , Kim Myeong‐Do , Park Myung‐Soo , Kim Kil‐Tae , Park Joon‐Ha , Lim Kyoung‐Moon
Published: July 2013

In this paper, we propose a system that can estimate viewer's eye position using single camera in an autostereoscopic 3D display, which adopts Active Appearance Model (AAM), Elastic Bunch Graph Matching (EBGM) and Pose from Orthography and Scaling with ITerations (POSIT) algorithms for the eye position calculation. AAM is one of the most prominent facial feature detection algorithms for estimating viewer's eye position. However, this algorithm also has an issue in accuracy. EBGM is also known to be a very successful algorithm for the detection of viewer's facial feature points. Also, POSIT is known to calculate 3D pose from 2D image. In this paper, we propose a way to improve the accuracy of viewer's eye position by applying algorithms, AAM for initial estimation of facial features, EBGM for accurate facial feature position calculation and POSIT for calculation 3D facial position. The system estimates 3D facial position from extracted facial feature points to calculate accurate eye position. To calculate accurate eye position, we adopt POSIT algorithm when the viewer's face is rotated. It is verified through experiments that the newly proposed method performs better than existing method that uses single camera.
49.2: A Study on Electron‐injecting and Surface‐modifying Layer for Transparent Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Kim Gyeong Woo , Son Young Hoon , Kim Gyeong Heon , Kwon Jang Hyuk
Published: July 2013

We present highly transparent organic light emitting diodes (TOLED) with new transparent cathode structures. This TOLED has ∼71.7% transmittance at 550 nm including the general glass encapsulation. Our transparent cathode stacks (organic layers / cathode) show 91.2% transmittance at 550 nm and low sheet resistance (5.4Ω/□). Such excellent performances are attributed to a new good electron injection system, flat surface morphology of Ag layer, and high refractive index capping layer of WO3.
49.3: Highly Efficient OLED Devices with Device Architecture for Reducing Drive Voltage
Authors: Kawata Takuya , Seo Satoshi , Shitagaki Satoko , Inoue Hideko , Seo Hiromi , Hatsumi Ryo , Tamatsukuri Yuki , Yamaguchi Tomoya , Kataishi Riho , Sasaki Toshiki , Suzuki Tsunenori , Yokoyama Kohei , Ikeda Hisao , Hirakata Yoshiharu , Yamazaki Shunpei , Niboshi Manabu , Kikuchi Katsuhiro , Mitsui Seiichi
Published: July 2013

We have developed phosphorescent OLEDs utilizing energy transfer from an exciplex to an emitter. The OLEDs based on this mechanism showed quite high efficiency, a long lifetime and low drive voltage. OLED lighting with high power efficiency exceeding 100 lm/W at a practical luminance of 5,000 cd/m2 was also successfully developed.
49.4L: Late‐News Paper: Highly Transmissive One Side Emission OLED Panel for Novel Lighting Applications
Authors: Amano Akio , Sugi Keiji , Ono Tomio , Sawabe Tomoaki , Kato Daimotsu , Shinjo Yasushi , Sugizaki Tomoko , Kakizoe Hayato , Enomoto Shintaro , Amemiya Isao
Published: July 2013

We fabricated a transmissive one‐side‐emission organic light emitting diode (OLED) based on a stripe‐shaped cathode. The fabricated transmissive OLED whose panel size is 180 × 90 mm2 showed high transmittance of 68% with the luminance ratio of the bright side to the dark side of 70.
50.3: Low Power, High Image Quality Color Reflective LCDs Realized by Memory‐in‐Pixel Technology and Optical Optimization Using Newly‐Developed Scattering Layer
Authors: Fukunaga Yoko , Tamaki Masaya , Mitsui Masashi , Maeda Kazuyuki , Kabe Masaaki , Teranishi Yasuyuki , Nakanishi Takayuki , Omori Hideyuki , Hayashi Shuji , Takasaki Naoyuki , Goto Fumitaka , Higashi Amane , Harada Tsutomu , Nakajima Yoshiharu
Published: July 2013

Reflective color LCDs with high image quality, which have very low power consumption when displaying still images and can also display moving pictures, have been developed. Two key technologies are Memory‐in‐Pixel (MIP) fabrication using LTPS technology, and another is optical property optimization by adopting a newly‐developed scattering layer.
53.4: U‐Shaped‐Emitting‐Surface Daytime Running Light Using Customized Light Pipe with Microstructure
Authors: Zhang Jain‐Hong , Chen Kuan‐Yu , Cheng Yao‐Chien , Wang Alex
Published: July 2013

A customized light pipe with microstructure design, which meet aesthetic U‐shaped emitting surface requirement and comply with the regulation (UNECE Regulation No. 87) of automotive daytime running light (DRL) is presented. Compared to the planar light pipe, the central intensity can be increased by 102% by adding sidewall slope and valleys in between LEDs (both act as TIR surfaces); the direct‐viewing uniformity can be highly improved by adjusting LED position and adding microstructure. With 6 LEDs of total 600 lm, the simulated central luminous intensity is 550 cd while the measured value of mock‐up sample is 535 cd, which are in good agreement and both above the ECE R87 standard of 400 cd.
54.4: Novel Transparent Emissive Display on Optic‐Clear Phosphor Screen
Authors: Sun Ted , Wu Stephen , Cheng Botao
Published: July 2013

A novel emissive display screen will be introduced, which is water‐clear with a haze level under 1%. It can be readily applied to glass windows and windshield without hiding the substrate, and convert the cover area to full‐color, fully transparent digital display with unlimited viewing angles.
56.2: Investigating the IGZO‐TFT Performances Under Gate‐bias Stress With and Without Light Illumination for 4k2k 65‐inch Displays
Authors: Yeh Bo‐Liang , Lin Chun‐Nan , Tseng Hsien‐Kai , Wu Cheng‐Chung , Huang Chao‐Hung , Chang Chia‐Ming , Wu Wen‐Bin
Published: July 2013

We demonstrate high resolution the IGZO‐TFT of 4k/2k 65‐inch panel in G6 glass. Two kinds of etch‐stopper (ES) treatment power were used IGZO‐TFT, i.e., low and high power treatment (LPT and HPT), respectively. We studied the electrical characteristics of IGZO‐devices with LPT and HPT, including subthreshold slope (SS), threshold voltage (Vth), mobility, hysteresis, and Vt shift under positive and negative gate‐bias temperature stress (PBTS and NBTS) with and without light illumination, respectively. The IGZO‐TFT with HPT can be attributed to the dominant charge trapping located at GI/IGZO, IGZO/ES interface and in the IGZO film, whereas those with LPT are mainly due to charge trapping located at the GI/IGZO interface. Finally, the IGZO‐devices with LPT can simultaneously achieve low SS, Vt, and little hysteresis, and high mobility, as compared with those with HPT, moreover, those with LPT under PBTS with and without light illumination exhibited lower Vt change than those with HPT.
57.3: WITHDRAWN: 57.4: Inkjet‐Printed, Silver Ring Coating to Replace ITO
Authors: Grouchko Michael , Even Robert
Published: July 2013

The Touch Screen industry has been searching for a replacement to ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) over the last few years due to limitations in flexibility, screen size, as well as patterning cost and complexity. Based on the “coffee‐stain” effect, ClearJet uses inkjet to print ring patterns made of silver nanoparticles. This introduces a novel approach to ITO replacement. ClearJet's solution includes deposition and patterning in one step, via proven industrial inkjet technology. The resulting substrate meets or exceeds industry conductivity and transparency standards, enabling flexible and large touch screen applications, with a unique, low‐cost solution.
57.6L: Late‐News Paper: Touch Sensor ITO Thin Films Deposited Using Rotary Sputtering Technology: Comparison of Coating Properties and Cost for DC vs. MF‐AC Deposition.
Authors: Lippens Paul , Chiu David , Frei Christian
Published: July 2013

Rotary magnetron sputtering technology for the deposition of ITO from multi‐segment sintered ceramic targets has gradually entered the display industry. Because of the high conductivity of ceramic ITO targets, a DC plasma discharge is usually used for either colour‐filter ITO or pixel‐ITO (TFT plane). The production of touch sensors usually requires the combination of reactive deposition of low (and sometimes also high) refractive index optical thin films in line with ITO. The former is done with twin rotary cathodes and MF‐AC. If ITO could be deposited with MF‐AC, then the coating line could be configured with much more flexibility. This paper investigates electro‐optical properties of ITO thin films deposited with both DC and MF‐AC on twin rotary magnetrons. Also, a simulation of coating costs in both cases has been made. The overall conclusion shows that DC technology remains a better solution over MF‐AC for both coating cost and TCO electrical properties such as conductivity and carrier concentration whereas the optical absorption curves in the visible are marginally better for the latter technology, despite similar carrier mobilities.
59.2: A Novel LED‐Backlight System with Tilted Cylindrical Surfaces on the Light Guide Plate
Authors: Takaira Kazutada , Morii Yasuhiro , Sakai Seiji , Itoga Kenji , Yuuki Akimasa
Published: July 2013

We have developed a new LED‐backlight structure which provides high efficiency with the thin profile. By applying this new optical system, power consumption can be reduced 15.5% compared with conventional thin structure as well as achieving the good luminance uniformity.
60.3: 6 Watt Multi‐Beam Green Laser for Companion Laser Projectors
Authors: Gan Yi , Su Hongping , Lu Yang , Xu Chang‐qing
Published: July 2013

An efficient and compact green laser based on multiple Nd:YVO4/MgO:PPLN mGreen module was developed. Multi‐beam 532 nm laser light of 6.47 Watt was obtained at 4 A driven current, which corresponds to an optical‐to‐optical efficiency of 29.9%. The size of the green laser is 6 cm × 5 cm × 2 cm. Since mGreen module were used in the multi‐beam green laser packaging, the complexity and cost of the laser has been dramatically decreased
61.1: 80lm/W White OLEDs for Solid State Lighting
Authors: Moon Jaemin , Joo Munkyu , Lee Yeonkeun , Lee Junghyoung , Park Minchoon , Choi Junrye , Ham Yunhye , Ahn Yongsik , Kim Jungdoo , Lee Jane , Kim Jihee , You Jina , Jeong Wonik , Kim Jongseok , Son Sehwan
Published: July 2013

80lm/W white OLED has been successfully realized by introducing 3‐stacked tandem structure along with internal light extraction layer. The power efficacy and lifetime of the device were maintained over 80 lm/W and 26,000 hr for LT70 condition at 4,200nit operation, respectively.
61.3: High Performance Organic Light‐Emitting‐Diodes on Graphene Electrode and Thin c‐Si TFT for Flexible Display and Lighting
Authors: Li Ning , Bedell Stephen , Tulevski George S. , Oida Satoshi , Sadana Devendra
Published: July 2013

We demonstrate high performance OLEDs with transparent graphene electrode and thin single crystal Si TFT. Green OLEDs on graphene exhibit power efficiency of >150lm/W at 10,000cd/m2 with external light extraction. OLEDs are also integrated with 60nm‐thick flexible single crystal Si TFT made by controlled spalling technology.
61.5L: Late‐News Paper: Highly Efficient White OLEDs with Single Solution‐Processed Emitting Layer Consisting of Three Kinds of Dopants
Authors: Sakuma Hirotaka , Harada Motoko , Wakana Hironori , Nobuki Shun‐ichiro , Kawasaki Masahiro , Ishihara Shingo , Aratani Sukekazu
Published: July 2013

We achieved a highly efficient white organic light emitting diode with a single emitting layer consisting of three kinds of dopants. The emitting layer was fabricated with a one‐step solution coating process. A maximum power efficiency of 70 lm/W was obtained by applying high photoluminescent quantum yield dopants and improving light‐extraction efficiency.
64.3L: Late‐News Paper: Aerial Imaging by Retro‐Reflection (AIRR)
Authors: Yamamoto Hirotsugu , Suyama Shiro
Published: July 2013

We propose a new method to realize aerial display that enables three‐dimensionally floating transparent signage without physical hardware on the sign position. The proposed aerial imaging method is based on retro‐reflection. An aerial image of the LED panel has been successfully formed with a mirror window and retro‐reflective material.
65.4: Speckle Suppression by Limited Phase Range in Laser Projection Systems
Authors: Chang Yan‐Shuo , Lin Chia Hsin , Hsu Ku‐Hui , Lin Hoang Yan
Published: July 2013

Speckle contrast of speckled images can be reduced by a limited range of phase of the incident field. We designed novel diffractive optical elements for beam shaping and phase limitation for a coherent projection display. By cooperating with a second element, the speckle contrast was reduced from 1.0033 to 0.1658.
68.1: Invited Paper: Quantum Dot Manufacturing Requirements for the High Volume LCD Market
Authors: Steckel Jonathan S. , Colby Richard , Liu Wenhao , Hutchinson Kirk , Breen Craig , Ritter John , Coe‐Sullivan Seth
Published: July 2013

Quantum dots (QDs) are a luminescent semiconductor nanomaterial technology that delivers exceptional color for liquid crystal display backlighting unit (LCD‐BLU) applications. We report on the scale‐up of the rapid‐injection, batch synthetic method, and compare it to other proposed manufacturing methods. A discussion of how to meet high volume QD production needs follows, consistent with current and future LCD volumes, and taking into account dominant implementation geometries.
68.3: Next Generation Liquid Optically Clear Adhesives
Authors: Lu Daniel , Wang James , Li Cristiano , Yuan Jimmy , Sawanobori Junichi , Liu Gina , Jia Ruby , Litke Alan , Levandoski Michael , Chi Sarah , Malanaphy Patrick , Serenson James
Published: July 2013

Liquid optically clear adhesives (LOCAs) are being used to attach various components in display assemblies to significantly enhance the viewer experience, display performance, and reliability. In this paper, we will discuss Henkel's latest technology development on LCD full lamination solutions including stress‐free LCD lamination, innovative primer technique to solve shadow curing issues, material and processing solutions to achieve excellent edge definition, and cleaner solution to address LOCA cleaning and reworking challenges.
69.1: Image Quality Assessment of Ultra‐High Resolution Mobile Display Utilizing New RGBW Method
Authors: Nakahara Tae , Sakaigawa Akira , Okita Mitsutaka , Ikeda Kojiro , Mitsui Masashi , Kabe Masaaki , Nagatsuma Toshiyuki , Higashi Amane
Published: July 2013

In this paper, newly‐developed 5.0‐inch full‐HD (1080 × RGBW × 1920) and 7.0‐inch WQXGA (2560 × RGBW × 1600) prototype LCDs utilizing a new RGBW method are described in detail. The assessment of the image quality of the new RGBW technology is described, such as color image reproducibility, white color tracking in the low power mode and tone curve correction in the outdoor bright mode.
69.3: Balancing Luminance Boosting and Colour‐Breakup Reduction for a Colour‐Sequential Display
Authors: Hammer Martin , Hinnen Karel J.G. , Langendijk Erno H.A.
Published: July 2013

High luminance output is traditionally achieved by installing more light, a larger power supply, and active thermal management. This leads to a considerable increase in cost. In this paper we propose to use an efficient colour‐sequential display in combination with a novel signal processing method which allows boosting luminance with up to a factor three without installing more light.
P.3: 3‐D Stacked Complementary TFT Devices using n‐type α‐IGZO and p‐type F8T2 TFTs — Operation Confirmation of NOT and NAND Logic Circuits –
Authors: Kimura Mutsumi , Hasegawa Takayuki , Inoue Masashi , Nomura Kenji , Kamiya Toshio , Hosono Hideo
Published: July 2013

We have developed 3‐D stacked complementary TFT devices using n‐type α‐IGZO and p‐type F8T2 TFTs on PET substrates. We confirmed proper I‐V characteristics of both the α‐IGZO and F8T2 TFTs and correct input‐output characteristics of both NOT and NAND logic circuits. The operation confirmation of the NAND logic circuit suggests that any advanced logic circuit can be composed using these complementary TFT devices.
P.6: An Integrated a‐Si:H Gate Driver Circuit Design for Large‐sized TFT‐ LCD Applications
Authors: Lin Chih‐Lung , Cheng Mao‐Hsun , Wu Chia‐En , Tu Chun‐Da
Published: July 2013

A novel hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin‐film transistor (a‐Si:H TFT) integrated gate driver circuit with 33% ac‐driving structure is presented. The proposed circuit diminishes the threshold voltage (VTH) shift by reducing the bias voltage of pull down TFTs and alternatively turning on the pull down TFTs with 33% duty ratio. The measurement result illustrated that the VTH shift of the TFTs in the proposed structure is improved by 49.93% in contrast to the realized 25% ac‐driving structure, and the gate driver can stably operate over 240‐h driving at high temperature (60 °C).
P.15: Influence of Photo‐Thermal Pre‐treatment on Electrical Characteristics and Reliability of Zn‐Sn‐O Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Chen Yu‐Chun , Chang Ting‐Chang , Li Hung‐Wei , Hsieh Tien‐Yu , Chung Wan‐Fang
Published: July 2013

This study presents the influence of photo‐thermal pre‐treatment on the electrical characteristic and bias‐induced instability of amorphous Zn‐Sn‐O thin film transistors. Even in the vacuum ambient, the passivation‐free device with photo‐thermal pre‐treatment shows more stability after stress than that without pre‐treatment. This indicates pre‐treatment should be conducted before passivation process.
P.20: Transfer Characteristic‐Based Electro‐Optical Technique for Characterization of Carrier Lifetimes with Associated Physical Mechanisms in Polymer‐based Organic Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Lee Jaewook , Jang Jaeman , Kim Jaehyeong , Kim Hyeongjung , Choi Sunwoong , Kim Dae Hwan , Lee Jiyoul , Chung Jong Won , Koo Bonwon , Kim Dong Myong
Published: July 2013

We report an electro‐optical I‐V‐based technique for the excess carrier lifetimes, which are composed of 3 governing components in p‐channel PTFTs. By monitoring the time‐evolution of the threshold voltage after optical illumination with above‐bandgap photons (hv=Eph>Eg), lifetimes are separated for those 3 dominant components in PTFTs. Lifetimes are extracted to be τSRHm=1.27[s], τBtB=731[s], and τOxide=67,080[s] for 3 dominant mechanisms by the time‐dependent electro‐optical response of PTFTs. We expect that the results are useful for a convenient extraction of lifetimes, implementation of models and parameters into TCAD tools for a systematic evaluation and design of PTFTs.
P.24: Relation between Recognition of Illumination and Depth Perception
Authors: Kaji Hiroyuki , Oba Kentaro , Nagai Kazushige , Iwauchi Ken‐ichi , Tanaka Seiichi , Saito Sakae , Ishikawa Tomoharu , Ayama Miyoshi
Published: July 2013

We investigated quantitative relation between shading on the surface and the perceptual evaluation of depth using primary and secondary cylindrical objects using 2D and 3D displays. Results showed that luminance gradient of the secondary object that gives most natural protrusive perception as a cylinder is the same as that of the primary object. Interestingly, the cases where luminance of brighter part of the secondary stimulus is relatively low, they are less accepted when it is supposed to be in front of the primary object.
P.27: The Effect of Blue Primary Color on Preference and Colorfulness of Display
Authors: Kim HyunSeung , Kang Yoojin , Bang Sungjin , Hwang Jungsub , Kim YuHoon , Kwon Jangun , Yoo JinJang , Lim Moojong
Published: July 2013

Blue primary's materials of three‐primary color display have been hot issues in display industry because the blue materials of LED or OLED generally have shorter lifetime than red and green materials. Thus the choices of blue materials are very limited when applying them to displays. This paper, to overcome the limitation on selecting blue color materials, we suggest visually acceptable color ranges of blue primary when compared to the blue color of Rec. 709.
P.33: Correlation‐Enhanced SSC Local Dimming Algorithm for Homogeneous Backlight Distributions of Edge‐Lit LCDs
Authors: Jung Tobias , Fu Qiang , Xu Chihao , Kreuzer Markus , Bauer Jan
Published: July 2013

Abstract: SSC local dimming algorithm is an effective method to control the LED backlight for maximum power saving of LCDs. In a former paper we proposed add‐ons to the SSC frame named Correlator and Combiner which enhance the static contrast ratio or achieve further power saving depending on different Combiner modes. However, the uniformity of the finally displayed image cannot be guaranteed. Uniformity in general is one of the major challenges of local dimming strategies, especially for edge‐lit types. Therefore, a new algorithm named Correlation‐enhanced SSC is proposed by integrating the Correlator values into the process of the SSC local dimming. Two variations of this new approach with different advantages are illustrated and verified. The hardware cost is also reduced because of the removal of the Combiner module.
P.34: A Video Signal Coding Method Based on an Absolute Color Space for Saving Bit Depth
Authors: Wen Senfar , Lin Yu‐Hsiung
Published: July 2013

A coding method based on CIE u'v' is proposed for saving bit depth. The signal format comprises a luminance component and a chromaticity component. An example shows that 27 bits are required so that a display following UHDTV could be able to reproduce color‐banding free picture under any luminance adaptation.
P.35: 12% and 30% Power Saving in Charge‐Recycling Match Technique Based on Video Signals for Low‐Power Display Column Drivers
Authors: Hsu Chih‐Che , Huang Po‐Hsien , Chen Ke‐Horng , Tai Zhih Han , Cheng Yi Hsuan , Tsai Chi Chung
Published: July 2013

the charge recycling match (CRM) technique is proposed to reduce dynamic power dissipation in display column drivers. The CRM technique can save much power in some polarity operation, which is hard to have charge recycling in conventional techniques. Theoretical analysis and experimental result show maximum dynamic power reduction of 12% and 30% in column inversion panel with R/G/B stripe pixel arrangement and Zigzag panel, respectively. The proposed method is suitable for voltage mode driving scheme and capacitive loading display column driver special in thin‐film‐transistor (TFT) liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and active mode organic light‐emission‐diode (AMOLED) display. A complete method application including circuit structure, algorithm and hardware implement are demonstrated in TFT‐LCD application.
P.41: Display Component Quality and Process Control with Advanced Automated Optical Inspection
Authors: Koenig Jochen G.
Published: July 2013

This paper provides an overview of some of the most recent innovations in the field of Automated Optical Inspection (AOI). With display products under continuing pressure for increase product consistency and lower manufacturing cost, modern AOI provides the means to obtain data on a multitude of quality criteria in a repeatable manner that results not only in increased product quality but also delivers the data to improve process speed and yield.
P.149L: Late‐News Poster: Behavior of OLED Panel under 4 Points Bending Test
Authors: Tseng Tzu‐Chi , Hou HY , Hsu SS , Wang Baker , Shih Li Wei , Lih JJ
Published: July 2013

Four‐point‐bending (4PB) test is a common method to evaluate the strength of a panel. In this paper, we discussed the behavior of organic light emitted display (OLED) during bending. We found most of OLED panels show a unique fracture mode that fracture originates from the sealing material frit, which is different from the glue used in LCD panels. This study verified this phenomenon through experiment and simulation.
P.154L: Late News Poster: Establishment of Evaluation Method of Surface Fracture Mode with Front‐side‐origin for Cover Glass
Authors: Nakagawa Aya , Ohkawa Hiroyuki , Yamanaka Kazuhiko , Ishimaru Naohiko
Published: July 2013

Recently, thinner cover glass is required, therefore to prevent fracture becomes more important. Sandpaper Ball Drop Test was newly established to evaluate front‐side‐origin fracture. It was found that CT and glass thickness are important parameters for front‐side‐origin fracture. This evaluation method contributes to designing glass with sufficient balance.
P.45: The Study of LCD Module Assembly Mura
Authors: Liang John Z. , Schweiger Robert S. , Proulx Tina M. , Greene Raymond G.
Published: July 2013

The direct mechanical touching usually generates mura on a LCD panel. The touch mura cannot always be flashed in a very short period. Touch mura exists in almost every mode of LCD. In this paper, a new type of mura which generated during the LCD module assembly process is investigated. The research results show that LC orientation change from original alignment direction is the main driving‐force of light leakage. A solution to prevent this type of mura is proposed for industrial manufacturing process.
P.50: Design of a Novel Hybrid Light Guide Plate for Viewing Angle Switchable Backlight Module
Authors: Chen Bo‐Tsuen , Pan Jui‐Wen , Hu Ya‐Wen , Tu Sheng‐Han
Published: July 2013

We introduce a viewing angle switchable backlight module, which consists of a hybrid light guide plate and dual‐light sources on the same layer. Comparing with the conventional backlight module, the on‐axis luminance of the narrow viewing angle improved 4.9‐times and the half‐luminance angle decreased 11 degrees in the horizontal direction. When using the wide viewing angle mode, the on‐axis luminance improved 2‐times and the half‐luminance angle improved 56 degrees in the horizontal direction.
P.51: Local Gamma Adjustment for High Frame‐Rate LCD
Authors: Lee Hyun‐Dae , Kim Gi‐Geun , Choi Nam‐Gon , Jang Yong‐Jun , Park Cheol‐Woo , Yu Bong‐Hyun
Published: July 2013

Liquid crystal display has various surface temperatures due to the lack of uniformity caused by several driving materials. This phenomenon results in the lack of luminance uniformity in the panel. In this paper, we propose the local gamma adjustment algorithm to compensate the deviation of luminance uniformity.
P.57: Transmission and Reflection Dual Operational Mode Display Device
Authors: Ruan Ju‐Ai
Published: July 2013

A novel display device comprising a light separator and MEMS light shutters is introduced. The light separator directs light illuminated on its incident surface into a plural of small openings on the viewing surface. The MEMS Light shutters are used to control color and light intensity at individual pixels.
P.147L: Late News Poster: Adaptive Anisotropic Diffusion for Depth Map Enhancement in 3D Video Coding
Authors: Lim Ilsoon , Wey Ho‐cheon
Published: July 2013

We present a novel depth map enhancement scheme in depth map coding. For this purpose, we develop anisotropic diffusion that enhances the coded depth map by the noise removal. Unlike the traditional anisotropic diffusion, our approach is different in that the distortion optimization scheme is performed in the encoder and then the optimal diffusion parameters are transmitted to the decoder. More specifically, the diffusion function and the number of iteration number, which have a big influence on the noise removal, are studied. The iteration number, which minimizes the distortion of depth map, is determined and transmitted to the decoder frame by frame. The decoded depth map is enhanced using the anisotropic diffusion, which is performed with the optimal parameter. Finally, the depth enhancement that performs the anisotropic diffusion is implemented in the latest 3D video codec. This results in 0.058dB(depth map) BD‐PSNR improvement and 0.009dB(rendered view) BD‐PSNR improvement on average when compared with 3DV HEVC‐based test model and offers the superior subjective quality in the rendered view.
P.148L: Late‐News Poster: 3D Integral Imaging Display System with Eye Tracking Method
Authors: Pu Yiying , Fu Dong , Xie Xiangwei , Chen Yongsa
Published: July 2013

Eye tracking method is introduced into 3D integral imaging display system to enhance the viewing angle. It tracks the position of eyes and rectify the integral images in real time. The new 3D display enhance the viewing angle without decrease 3D depth and 3D resolution.
P.58: Quantitative Assessment of Host — to — Activator Energy — Transfer Efficiency of Multiple d — Orbital Trap States for Microcrystalline YBO3:Tb3+
Authors: Wallace Maxwell K. , Diaz Anthony L.
Published: July 2013

Host — to — activator energy — transfer efficiencies under VUV excitation for YBO3:Tb3+ have been determined for three d — orbital trap states. Resulting calculations suggest the lowest in energy trap state is the primary trap for an electron in the conduction band.
P.61: Mold Transfer Processed Organic Light Emitting Diodes using Patterned Conductive Polymer Electrode
Authors: Lee Hyun Jun , Park Tae Hyun , Choi Kyung Bok , Hwang Juhyun , Jung Sun‐Gyu , Choi Kyung Cheol , Park Young Wook , Ju Byeong‐Kwon
Published: July 2013

We fabricated OLEDs with a micro patterned flexible transparent conductive polymer electrode by the mold transfer process (MTP). For the polymer anode, the electrical properties of PEDOT:PSS can be enhanced by adding additives in order to improve its conductivity and make it possible to control the surface energy of the substrate for the MTP. This process allows the successful fabrication of mold transfer processed OLEDs by using patterned conductive polymer anodes without indium tin oxide (ITO).
P.62: Effects of Amorphous InGaZnO Thin Film Transistors with Various Buffer Layers on Polyimide Substrate Under Negative Bias‐temperature Stresses
Authors: Ok Kyung‐Chul , Park Sang‐Hee Ko , Hwang Chi‐Sun , Shin Hyun Soo , Kim Daehwan , Bae Jonguk , Chin Byung Doo , Park Jin‐Seong
Published: July 2013

Buffer layers on flexible substrates have strongly affected to electrical performance and instability in oxide TFTs. The oxide TFT on proper buffer layer/PI substrate showed better electrical performance than that on other buffer layers because the buffer layer with high gas diffusion barrier properties can suppress to generate defect states in semiconductor and/or interface from hydrogen and water penetration. The origins of flexible oxide TFT instabilities were systematically investigated by using in‐situ/ex‐situ measurement and chemical/physical analysis.
P.78: A Polarization Independent Microlens using Two Blue‐Phase Liquid Crystal Layers with Different Kerr Constant
Authors: Li Yan , Liu Yifan , Wu Shin‐Tson
Published: July 2013

We propose a new microlens device structure using two polymer‐stabilized blue phase liquid crystal layers whose Kerr constant is largely different. Such a polarization independent microlens has a simple structure and desired parabolic phase profile. Its applications for 2D/3D switchable displays and other photonic devices are emphasized.
P.81: A Time‐Multiplexed Dual‐View Display Using Blue Phase Liquid Crystal
Authors: Cui Jian‐Peng , Li Yan , Yan Jin , Cheng Hui‐Chuan , Wang Qiong‐Hua
Published: July 2013

A time‐multiplexed dual‐view display device using a blue phase liquid crystal is proposed. In this design, a vertical field switching blue phase liquid crystal display (VFS‐BPLCD) panel is used to achieve high transmittance and fast response. Combined with a directional backlight module, this device can present two different images to viewers sequentially. The proposed device has advantage in full spatial resolution.
P.83: ESHFLC Field‐Sequential Color Displays
Authors: Ma Ying , Srivastava Abhishek Kumar , Chigrinov Vladimir Grigorievich , Kwok Hoi Sing
Published: July 2013

Here we disclose the novel Electrically Suppressed Helix Ferroelectric (ESHFLC) field sequential color display based on photo‐aligned fast ferroelectric LCD. The ESH mode is characterized by high contrast. The frame frequency of 240 Hz has been demonstrated for the Field Sequential Color (FSC). Thus proposed display is characterized by the high contrast (10000:1), wide viewing angle, large color triangle (130% of NTSC) and low power consumption.
P.87: Improving the Flatness of LCD Panels using an Advanced Polarizer
Authors: Hwang Seong Han , Kim Jin Ho , Lee Dong Yoon , Ahn Chi Myung , Park Hye Jeong , Park Mi Kyung , Lee Dae Heung , Jun Mike , Yeo Eddie
Published: July 2013

We have developed an advanced polarizer to improve the flatness of LCD panels, which is realized by the use of a low water permeable protection film. With this method, the flatness of a panel has been remarkably improved compared to a conventional panel during changes in moisture and temperature. The new panel has improved the uniformity of light in the black state in comparison to that in conventional panels. In this paper, a study of the improvement in flatness for LCD panels using a new advanced polarizer is presented.
P.94: A High Sensitivity PDCLC‐based Electro‐optic Modulator for TFT Array Inspector
Authors: Hwang Jeoung‐Yeon , Park Junge Kyu , Choi Jong Sun , Kim Hyungtak , Kim Jae‐Hoon , Yu Chang‐Jae
Published: July 2013

We proposed a high sensitive electro‐optic modulator based on a polymer‐dispersed cholesteric liquid crystal (PDCLC) for the TFT array inspector. Since the PDCLC is operated in a reflective mode, the PDCLC‐based inspection system is very simple since a dielectric mirror, which is generally used in a conventional TFT array inspector, is not required.
P.97: Low Driving Voltage and Gray Scale Capability of Nanostructure Enhanced Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Device
Authors: Liang Yi‐Fan , Chen Huang‐Ming Philip
Published: July 2013

A nanostructure surface treatment is proposed to improve the response time and driving voltage of cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) devices. With nanostructure surface, threshold Voltage (Vth) can be reduced ∼10% with minimum reflectance loss. The transition time can be greatly reduced by 80% and multi‐level gray scale can be achieved with new driving scheme in the nanostructure enhanced CLC cell.
P.100: Multi‐domain Vertical Alignment of Liquid Crystals Through Control of the Anchoring Energy
Authors: Park Byung Wok , Kim Jung Wook , Kim Ki‐Han , Lee Ji‐Hoon , Yoon Tae‐Hoon
Published: July 2013

We propose a method for multi‐domain vertical alignment of liquid crystals without additional transistors. By irradiating UV light to the polyimide through a patterned photomask, we can obtain different threshold voltage in a VA cell. There is no light leakage in the initial dark state so that the contrast ratio is not reduced in the proposed structure. We expect that the proposed method can be used to realize an eight‐domain structure for reduction of the off‐axis gamma shift
P.102: Improvement of Gamma Curve Distortion in VA LCD by using Optical Film Patterned Retarder
Authors: Mun Byung‐June , Jin Tae Young , Cho Jeong‐Ho , Lee Seung Hee , Lee Gi‐Dong
Published: July 2013

In this paper, we improved the γ‐curve distortion at off‐axis direction in a 4‐domain (4‐D) patterned vertical alignment (PVA) liquid crystal (LC) cell by applying a pair of the film patterned retarder (FPR) system with the A‐film property at the conventional wide‐view (WV) PVA LC cell. In order to achieve the excellent γ‐curve in the 4‐domain LC cell, we optimized the parameter of the pair of the patterned A‐film by using the two‐dimensional parameter space method, which calculates the polarization difference between the normal direction and the all viewing directions under voltage applied state. As a result, we confirmed that the gamma distortion index (GDI) of the proposed optical structure is reduced to over 80% without any loss of the optical luminance and the contrast ratio in the dark state.
P.107: New Emissive Materials for Mixed Host Architecture to Achieve Longer Lifetime for Green to Red Phosphorescent OLED Display and Lighting Applications
Authors: Balaganesan Banumathy , Yao Cheng‐Chung , Chiang Kun‐Feng , Huang Heh‐Lung , Guo Huang‐Ming , Chen Hui‐Hsu , Xie Buo‐Wei
Published: July 2013

Incorporation of dibenzothiophene units into emissive materials (CH1) increased the charge carrier mobility in the order of 10−3 cm2 V−1s−1. Mixing the hole‐rich CH1 with electron transporting PH3 in the emissive layers in appropriate proportions enhanced efficiency, lowered the driving voltage and prolonged the lifetime of the green and red phosphorescent OLED devices. Green phosphorescent OLED achieved an efficiency of 44.6 lm/W at a driving voltage of 3.67V and exhibited a lifetime of 115Kh (T50) at an initial luminance of 1000 nits.
P.111: Double Hybrid Tandem White OLED Employing a Novel Charge Generation Unit
Authors: Liu Jun , Shi Xindong , Wang Jing , Wu Xinkai , Huang Saijun , Ye Zhicheng , Lu Jiangang , Su Yikai , He Gufeng , Chen Chin H.
Published: July 2013

We report a DHT‐WOLED system combining a hybrid fluorescent/phosphorescent emitter and a hybrid vacuum evaporation/solution process with a novel multilayer Liq/Al/F4‐TCNQ/NPB:F4‐TCNQ as CGU. White color is tuned by adjusting the p‐doped layer thickness without significantly impacting on the driving voltage. This DHT‐WOLED has potential advantages of low cost, easy fabrication, tunable color and high efficiency WOLED for future lighting applications.
P.114: Cl2 Plasma Treated Indium Tin Oxide Electrodes with High Work Function for Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Choi Kyung Bok , Park Tae Hyun , Lee Hyun Jun , Hwang Ju Hyun , Park Young Wook , Ju Byeong Kwon
Published: July 2013

The ITO is used transparent electrode that has low work function of ∼4.7 eV. In this reason OLEDs needs to match the energy levels between the ITO and organic materials also needs additional materials. In this study, without any additional materials, we demonstrate higher efficiency device than reference devices using Cl2 plasma treated ITO with a work function of ∼5.9eV.
P.115: Micropyramid Array with Antireflective Nanostructure Surfaces for Light Extraction Efficiency Enhancement of Organic Light Emitting Devices
Authors: Ho Yu‐Hsuan , Tsai Ming‐Chih , Fang Jheng‐Hao , Ting Kuan‐Han , Tian Wei‐Cheng , Chang Yia‐Chung , Wei Pei‐Kuen
Published: July 2013

A novel and efficient light extraction technique of OLEDs by attaching hierarchical micro‐pyramid array with antireflective nanostructures was demonstrated. The hierarchical micropyramid arrays were nanoimprinted on polycarbonate films by using silicon concave mold incorporated with micropyramid and nanoporous surface, which were made by alkaline texturing and nanoparticle‐catalyzed etching processes respectively. The additional antireflective nanostructures can effectively reduce the loss for the light normally incident at the inclined surface. After applying the subwavelength antireflective surface at the conventional micropyramids, the luminous efficiency enhancement was improved from 37.7% to 84.2%.
P.122: Optical Control of Surface Plasmon Loss in Transparent Organic Light Emitting Devices Coupled with Optical Compensation Layer
Authors: Mikami Akiyoshi , Ohashi Takuya
Published: July 2013

Light extraction of transparent OLED can be improved by using an optical compensation layer on the back‐side of semi‐transparent metal cathode. From the results of detail optical calculation based on the multi‐scale analysis including near‐field optics, surface plasmon loss in semi‐transparent metal cathode was drastically suppressed to less than 10% due to the increase of wave‐vector caused by phase control of reflective coefficient of evanescent wave on the cathode interface. Not less than 90% of optical power in the dipole emission can be successfully utilized as the propagation light. The phosphorescent green light emitting device exhibits higher light extraction by a factor of about 1.5.
P.138L: Late‐News Poster: Accurate Evaluation of Light‐Extraction Efficiency for OLEDs with Light Out‐Coupling layers
Authors: Wakana Hironori , Nobuki Shunichiro , Harada Motoko , Ishihara Shingo , Sakuma Hirotaka , Kawasaki Masahiro , Aratani Sukekazu
Published: July 2013

We demonstrated that a light‐extraction efficiency of OLEDs was evaluated accurately by fitting an external quantum‐efficiency to a calculated optical‐mode. An internal quantum‐efficiency of 62.6% was obtained in the green OLED with thick electron transport layer. OLEDs with light out‐coupling layers exhibited a high light‐extraction efficiency of 76% and the estimated values were in good agreement with calculated ones.
P.139L: Late‐News Poster: The Advantage on Ambient Contrast Ratio in WRGB OLED Display
Authors: Kim HyunSeung , Kim JinHo , Min KyungSuk , Noh Hyunjong , Jun Mike , Oh ChangHo , Yeo Eddie
Published: July 2013

We released WRGB OLED Display for TV. The most remarkable difference between ‘WRGB’ OLED Display and ‘RGB’ OLED Display is the usage of Color Filter. So that WRGB OLED Display using Color Filter absorbs light from coming outside and has low reflection characteristics. We expect WRGB OLED Display to be more daylight‐readable Display than ‘RGB’ OLED Display, even though RGB OLED is using ‘Reverse Dispersive QWP’
P.140L: Late‐News Poster: Highly Efficient Inverted OLED with Air‐Stable Electron Injection Layer
Authors: Fukagawa Hirohiko , Morii Katsuyuki , Arimoto Yoichi , Nakata Mitsuru , Nakajima Yoshiki , Shimizu Takahisa , Yamamoto Toshihiro
Published: July 2013

We describe a highly efficient inverted OLED with high stability in air. The EQE of the inverted OLED is improved to above 15% by employing a phosphorescent material and an air‐stable electron injection layer. No dark spot formation is observed after over 100 days for the optimized inverted OLED, which is encapsulated by a barrier film with a water vapor transmission rate of 10−4 g/m2/day.
P.145L: Late‐News Poster: Synthesis and Device Application of Carboline Derivatives as High Triplet Energy Materials for Blue Phosphorescent OLEDs
Authors: Im Yi Rang , Chin Byung Doo , Kim Jung‐Keun , Joo Sung Hoon , Lee Jun Yeob
Published: July 2013

Three carboline derivatives, 9,9′‐m‐phenylenedi‐α‐carboline (NmCP1), 9,9′‐m‐phenylenedi‐β‐carboline (NmCP2), 9,9′‐m‐phenylendi‐γ‐carboline (NmCP3) were synthesized as high triplet energy host materials for blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PHOLEDs). Three carboline derivatives had nitrogen atom at different positions of carboline and the nitrogen atom position was correlated with the photophysical properties and device performances of carboline derivatives.
P.129: A Simple and Effective Way to Improve Projected Capacitive Touch Panel Architecture
Authors: Ho Tsz‐Kin , Zhou Wei , Chen Rong‐sheng , Lee Chung‐Yung , Tseng Man Chun , Wong Man , Kwok Hoi‐Sing
Published: July 2013

We have demonstrated a new touch panel architecture that improve the touch sensitivity of stripe type projected capacitive touch panels. This approach only requires a slight modification to the sensing electrodes. By introducing dangling contacts to the sensing electrode close to the sense‐drive overlapping region, this effectively reshape the electric field over the region, and the contacts serve as extra antennas of E‐field that magnifies the touch effect. Such method would be particular useful for in‐cell touch technology due to the highly adaptability and the signal amplification effect.
P.132: Enhancing the Visual Performance of Touch Screen Displays
Authors: Grabski Greg , Robinson Tim
Published: July 2013

Properly designed touch screens are bringing previously unattainable levels of intuitive human‐computer interactions for managing aircraft information. Human‐factor issues, such as the visual appearance of the display in high ambient sunlight conditions, avoidance of accidental activation, and resistance to the deposition of fingerprints, are all influenced by the touch screen construction and integration with the active matrix liquid crystal display (AMLCD). This paper describes a touch screen display designed with Human‐Machine‐Interface (HMI) features required for flight deck applications.
P.153L: Late‐News Poster: An Interactive Application of Instant Haptic Feedback
Authors: Wang Sheng‐Po , Lee Wei‐Yen , Pan Yen‐Lin , Chang Chih‐Chia , Chen Heng‐Yin , Chen Janglin
Published: July 2013

Multiple sub‐electrodes interlaced and driven with optimized waveform by lower than ±250V voltage to produce instant haptic feedback stimuli. Users can sense tactile stimuli by contacting with the screen instead of sliding on it. A guessing game was designed based on integration of touch panel and haptic feedback. It was proven that the users can recognize feedback signal at 87.6% accuracy.
Biohydrometallurgy of secondary metal resources: a potential alternative approach for metal recovery
Authors: Erüst Ceren , Akcil Ata , Gahan Chandra Sekhar , Tuncuk Aysenur , Deveci Haci
Published: July 2013

Research on biohydrometallurgy of secondary metal resources is primarily focused on the leaching of valuable metals. For secondary metal resources biological processing can be an economically more effective and environmentally friendlier alternative to traditional hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical processes. Therefore, biohydrometallurgy is a rapidly evolving biotechnology that has already provided revolutionary solutions to old problems associated with recovery of metals by conventional pyrometallurgy and chemical metallurgy. This review evaluates various processes of recovery of metals from waste materials and commercial applications are discussed. Case studies and future technology directions are reviewed. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Modeling acute impact of sulfamethoxazole on the utilization of simple and complex substrates by fast growing microbial culture
Authors: Pala‐Ozkok Ilke , Kor‐Bicakci Gokce , Ural Aslihan , Katipoglu‐Yazan Tugce , Yagci Nevin , Ubay‐Cokgor Emine , Orhon Derin
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUND

This study involved model evaluation of the acute impact of sulfamethoxazole on utilization of peptone mixture and acetate by fast growing microbial cultures under aerobic conditions. These substrates were selected to represent complex and readily biodegradable organic carbon sources, respectively. Acclimated biomass was obtained from two fill/draw reactors sustained at a sludge age of 2 days, one fed with peptone mixture and the other with acetate. Acute inhibition was tested in two parallel sets of batch reactors. Each reactor set was started with acclimated biomass seeding and pulse sulfamethoxazole dosing, including a control reactor without antibiotic addition.

RESULTS

Model evaluation of the oxygen uptake rate, chemical oxygen demand and intracellular storage profiles indicated that sulfamethoxazole stopped substrate storage and accelerated endogenous respiration, but it did not affect microbial growth. The major inhibitory effect was on process stoichiometry, leading to partial substrate utilization. Enhanced endogenous respiration could be explained by higher maintenance energy required for possibly generating specific resistance mechanisms against the inhibitory effects of sulfamethoxazole.

CONCLUSION

The impact of sulfamethoxazole was different depending upon the nature of the substrate. For peptone mixture, it was stoichiometric, leading to partial substrate utilization. For acetate, it exerted slight inhibition on microbial growth, with full substrate utilization. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry