bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHẤT LƯỢNG MÔI TRƯỜNG NƯỚC VÙNG CỬA SÔNG BA LẠT
Authors: Hoa Bui Thi , Huan Nguyen Xuan , Nam Nguyen Thanh , Ha Le Thu
Published: May 2020

Ba Lat estuary is the large mouth of the Red river; every year, the Ba Lat estuary receives million cubic meters of water before the water is dissolved in the sea. Therefore, polluted materials in the water from the continent are also transported to the sea through the estuary. However, the volume of the water pouring into the sea varies with the season. In this paper, the water quality at Ba Lat estuary (Red river) was surveyed in July 2017 representing the Southwest wind season (rainy season) and in October 2017 representing the Northeast wind season (dry season). The research results show that the values of chemical parameters of water at Ba Lat estuary changed according to the season: the average temperature of water in the rainy season was 2.5oC higher than in the dry season; average pH in the rainy season (7.45 ± 0.36) was higher than that in the dry season (7.01 ± 0.17). Parameters such as conductivity, salinity, NO3-N, NH3-N, PO4-P, total grease, Fe and Zn in the dry season were 1.22–2.92 times higher than in the rainy season. Concentration of some nutrition (including NO3-N; NH3-N; PO4-P and SiO3-Si), heavy metals (Fe, Zn), and total grease in the water were high, in which NO3-N ranged from 0.565 mg/l to 1.129 mg/l; NH3-N ranged from 0.139 mg/l to 6.16 mg/l, 1.53 to 4.47 times higher than the standard of Vietnam. PO4-P ranged from 0.16 mg/l to 0.82 mg/l, which was 2 to 3.14 times higher than the standard. SiO3-Si ranged from 3.49 mg/l to 5.31 mg/l. Iron concentration in the water was 2.2 to 9.7 times higher than the standard and not different between the two seasons. Zn ranged from 0.64 mg/l to 2.56 mg/l, 1.28 to 5.12 times higher than the standard. Total grease ranged from 2.8 mg/l to 7.0 mg/l, 5.6 to 14 times higher than the standard. Other parameters such as DO, BOD5, Fe, SiO3-Si in the Northeast wind season were 1.01 to 1.35 times lower than in the Southwest wind season. In particular, DO ranged from 3.75 mg/l to 4.99 mg/l, lower than the QCVN 10-MT: 2015 standard and the DO was not suitable for the growth and development of aquatic life. Iron concentration ranged from 2.172 mg/l to 2.209 mg/l, 4.3 to 4.4 times higher than the standard. Water quality also varies with the space, most notably in electrical conductivity, salinity and grease. In particular, the salinity and conductivity tend to increase gradually from the river to the sea, the total oil and grease reached the highest point at BL7 in both phases, and NO3-N in phase 2 reached the highest value at BL6 to BL11.
ƯƠNG GIỐNG CUA BIỂN (Scylla paramamosain) VỚI CÁC LOẠI THỨC ĂN VÀ MẬT ĐỘ KHÁC NHAU
Authors: Viet Le Quoc , Hai Tran Ngoc
Published: May 2020

This study aims to determine the appropriate feed type and stocking density to improve the survival rate and growth performance of mud crab crablet during the nursery stage. The study consisted of 2 experiments as follows: (1) Rearing crablets with different feed types (including commercial feed, artemia biomass and acetes biomass) and (2) rearing crablets at different stocking densities (including 100; 200; 300 and 400 inds/m2). All treatments were randomly set up in triplicate. The initial sizes of crablet were 3.24 ± 0.54 mm in length, 4.54 ± 0.79 mm in width and 0.018 ± 0.004 g in weight. The result showed that using acetes biomass gave the best results compared to other treatments. The survival rate was 58.8% and biomass was 118 inds/m2. The second experiment showed that rearing crablets at 100 inds/m2 reached the highest survival rate (90.7%) and biomass (91 inds/m2).
Response and Lessons Learnt Managing the COVID-19 Crisis by School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
Authors: Samarasekera Dujeepa D. , Goh Denise Li Meng , Yeo Su Ping , Ngiam Nicola Siew Pei , Aw Marion M. , Lim Mei Mei , Pillai Suresh , Lee Shuh Shing , Mahadevan Malcolm , Kow Alfred , Chong Yap Seng , Lau Tang Ching
Published: May 2020

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Background: Healthcare professionals are playing an important role in the recent COVID-19 outbreak. It is crucial that the health systems maintain their ability to train students and residents during this time. However, there is a paucity of literature on the measures taken by higher education institutions to ensure academic continuity. The aim of this article is to share the systematic measures that were taken during the COVID-19 pandemic by Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore. Methods: We discussed our multi-faceted approach to protect students, staff and patients/ standardized patients during the COVID-19 outbreak that occurred during a pivotal time in the school's academic calendar. Results: Our approach to ensuring academic continuity and quality were based on best practices in the following areas: 1) A coordinated leadership and management process 2) Prioritising safety for all stakeholders 3) Dissemination of information amongst the stakeholders in a transparent and efficient way, and 4) Maintaining the rigour and quality of training. Conclusion: The initiatives were implemented as we leveraged on the available infrastructure and the collective team efforts of all involved. Further research will be done to evaluate the usefulness of these measures. We hope that this article would be a useful reference for other schools as they evaluate their pandemic preparedness in the event that the COVID-19 outbreak affects their country or similar crisis event in the future.
Pharmacological interventions for COVID-19: Protocol for a Rapid Living Systematic Review with network meta-analysis
Authors: Puga Maria Eduarda dos Santos , Pinto Ana Carolina Pereira Nunes , Rocha Aline Pereira da , Milby Keilla Martins , Rocha-Filho César Ramos , Reis Felipe Sebastião de Assis , Carvas Junior Nelson , Civile Vinicius Tassoni , Santos Rodolfo Rodrigo Pereira , Trevisani Giulia Fernandes Moça , Ferla Laura Jantsch , Ramalho Gabriel Sodré , Puga Maria Eduarda dos Santos , Trevisani Virgínia Fernandes Moça , Atallah Alvaro Nagib
Published: May 2020

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged in China in December 2019 and rapidly spread. Although extraordinary efforts have been made on research regarding pharmacological interventions, none have proven effective. This is the protocol for a rapid living systematic review that aims to compare the effectiveness and safety of different pharmacological interventions for the treatment of COVID-19. METHODS: rapid living systematic review methodology with Network Meta-Analysis following the recommendations of Cochrane Handbook. We will include randomized controlled trials (RCT) and quasi-RCTs that evaluate single and/or combined pharmacological interventions at any dose for the treatment of COVID-19. We will search Medline via PubMed, Embase via Elsevier, Cochrane Library - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Portal Regional BVS - LILACS, Scopus and WebofScience to identify potentially eligible studies. No language restrictions will be used in the selection. We will perform the critical appraisal of included studies with the Risk of Bias tool and the certainty of evidence will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE).
Delta-Like Protein 3 Expression and Targeting in Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Xie Hao , Kaye Frederic J. , Isse Kumiko , Sun Yan , Ramoth Johanna , French Dorothy M. , Flotte Thomas J. , Luo Yan , Saunders Laura R. , Mansfield Aaron S.
Published: May 2020

Purpose

Delta-like protein 3 (DLL3) is being developed as a predictive biomarker for DLL3-targeting antibody-drug conjugate and other therapies. Given the neuroendocrine features of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), we sought to evaluate DLL3 expression and its role in MCC.

Experimental Design

Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded MCC cases were consecutively selected. Immunohistochemistry was performed for DLL3 (SC16.65 antibody) and polyomavirus large T-antigen (sc-136172 antibody). Slides were read out for percentage of positive tumor cells. Cox proportional hazards model was applied to assess the association between DLL3 expression and overall survival (OS). A patient with a DLL3-expressing MCC was treated with rovalpituzumab tesirine (Rova-T) in the “other tumor” cohort of NCT02709889 and assessed for response.

Results

The median H-score of DLL3 expression of 65 patients included was 60 (interquartile range, 30–100). Fifty-eight cases (89%) had ≥1% tumor cells positive for DLL3 expression with any intensity, of which the median DLL3 expression was 50% (interquartile range, 25%–70%). Thirty-four cases (52%) had ≥50% tumor cells positive for DLL3 expression with any intensity. Higher H-score of DLL3 expression was associated with higher polyomavirus nuclear expression (p = .003) when it was dichotomized to negative versus positive. H-score of DLL3 expression did not predict OS of patients with MCC (p = .4) after being adjusted for common clinicopathological factors. A patient treated with Rova-T for refractory metastatic MCC achieved partial response.

Conclusions

DLL3 overexpression is very common in MCC by immunohistochemistry. The response to treatment suggests that DLL3 expression may have predictive relevance for DLL3-targeting therapies in MCC.

Implications for Practice

Delta-like protein 3 (DLL3) is being developed as a predictive biomarker to identify patients for treatment with DLL3-targeting agents. Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin. It was found that DLL3 overexpression is very common in MCC by immunohistochemistry and significantly associated with Merkel cell polyomavirus expression. Despite the lack of prognostic significance in this cohort, DLL3 expression may have predictive relevance for DLL3-targeting therapies in MCC. The high levels of DLL3 expression in a subset of MCC may potentially be used to select patients to receive DLL3-targeting therapies.
Gülen Yüzlerin Ardından: Angelman Sendromu
Authors: AKCA Unal , SANRI Aslihan , AKÇA Gülfer , DOLU Merve Hilal , TAŞDEMİR Haydar Ali
Published: May 2020

Amaç: Nörogelişimsel gerilik,
epilepsi nedeniyle polikliniğimize başvuran Angelman Sendromu kliniği taşıyan
hastalarımızın genetik ve klinik özelliklerini sunmak.

Yöntem:Angelman/ Prader-Willi Sendromu
tanısı koyduğumuz hastaların retrospektif incelenmesi.

Bulgular:Mikrosefalisi, sürekli gülme
atakları,hipotonisitesi,gelişimsel geriliği olan iki kız üç erkek  hastamızın FISH incelemeleri 15q11-q13
delesyonu olarak sonuçlandı. Yaşları 1-4 yaş aralığındaydı. 3 hastamızın
epilepsisi mevcuttu. EEG’lerinde zemin aktivite bozukluğu ve diken dalgalardan
oluşan epileptik aktivite saptandı. Antiepileptiklerle kontrol altına
alındılar.Tüm hastalarda konuşma bozukluğu 
mevcutken, en sık görülen dismorfik bulgu geniş ağız, sonrasında
sırasıyla frontalbossing, geniş aralıklı dişler ve burun kökü basıklığıydı.
Prader-Willi tanısı alan NG ile beslenen 1 yaşındaki erkek hastada antenatal polihidramnioz  ve inmemiş testis operasyonu hikayesi
mevcuttu.Sık enfeksiyon geçiren bir hastada immün yetmezlik saptandı, İVİG
tedavisi alıyor. Kranial görüntülemede bir hastada terminal zon, bir hastada
corpuscallozum inceliği saptandı. Diğer hastaların görüntülemeleri  normaldi. Görme ve işitme geriliği izlenmedi.
Tüm hastalarımız fizik tedavi ve konuşma terapisi almaktadır.

Sonuçlar:Angelman
Sendromu(AS) 15q11-q13 lokusunu içeren delesyon, uniparentaldizomi,
imprintlenmedefekti veya UBE3Agen defektinden kaynaklanan, nadir görülen bir
genetik hastalıktır. 15q11q13 bölge delesyonu, AS’ unun yaklaşık%70 inden
sorumludur. Etkilenmiş kişilerde şiddetli mental retardasyon, motor gelişimde
gerilik, konuşma bozukluğu, karakteristik yüz görünümü bulunmaktadır. 15q11-q13
delesyonlu kromozom anneden kalıtıldığında AS’u, babadan kalıtıldığındaPrader-Willi sendromu
oluşmaktadır
Os efeitos do exercício físico em pacientes submetidos à hemodiálise: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Carvalho André Rodrigues , Sousa Izabelle Macedo de , Silva Danyele Holanda da , Silva Auriclea Rodrigues da , Adad Rivanda Berenice Silva de Freitas , Silva Vinicius Oliveira da
Published: May 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: Pacientes portadores de doença renal crônica submetidos à hemodiálise são sedentários devido a dor, fadiga muscular e baixo condicionamento físico. Estudos recentes demonstram os efeitos benéficos de programas de exercícios físicos para estes pacientes durante a hemodiálise resultando em melhor controle da hipertensão arterial, da capacidade funcional, da função cardíaca, da força muscular e, assim, da qualidade de vida. OBJETIVOS: Analisar pesquisas que mostram se o exercício físico produz ou não desfechos clínicos benéficos para indivíduos em hemodiálise. METODOLOGIA: Este artigo constitui-se de uma revisão sistemática composta por ensaios clínicos randomizados publicados entre 2014 e 2019 que relacionassem hemodiálise, exercício físico e qualidade de vida e que apresentassem escore de PEDro superior a 5. Foram excluídos os estudos que estavam em desconformidade com o tema proposto, artigos duplicados entre as bases de dados e intenções de pesquisa. As palavras-chave utilizadas para a busca seguiram a descrição dos termos DECS e MESH, sendo elas: Hemodiálise, exercício físico e qualidade de vida. Essas palavras estavam presentes em qualquer seção do artigo. RESULTADOS: Foram selecionados 15 estudos segundo os critérios de elegibilidade. Os artigos analisados obtiveram um total de 1057 participantes de ambos os sexos com idades entre 18 e 80 anos. Esses foram submetidos a exercícios aeróbicos, anaeróbicos e respiratórios, apresentaram desfechos clínicos benéficos nas três modalidades de exercício físico. CONCLUSÃO: Programas de exercício físico durante a hemodiálise otimizam o ganho da massa, força e resistência muscular, aptidão física, qualidade do sono, autopercepção de saúde, capacidade funcional e consequentemente a qualidade de vida.
Frequência e severidade de sintomas de disfunção temporomandibular em praticantes de Crossfit®: estudo transversal
Authors: Kaminiecki Ana Karolina Marusco , Davatz Giovanna Castilho
Published: May 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: O levantamento de peso tem sido associado ao hábito do apertamento dentário e, consequentemente, à predisposição de disfunção temporomandibular (DTM). Mesmo o CrossFit® sendo uma modalidade que trabalha com levantamento de peso, não foram encontrados artigos que investigaram a DTM em seus praticantes. OBJETIVO: Estimar a frequência e severidade dos sintomas de disfunções temporomandibulares em praticantes de CrossFit® e verificar se há relação com a participação em competições ou o tempo de prática da modalidade. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado nos três boxes de CrossFit® existentes no município de Jaú/SP. Praticantes pertencentes ao sexo masculino, com idade entre 20 e 40 anos, foram avaliados utilizando-se o Índice Anamnésico de Fonseca. As variáveis de desfecho foram o escore de sintomas e grau de severidade da DTM, além da participação em competições e o tempo de prática da modalidade. Houve aprovação da pesquisa pelo Comitê de Ética das Faculdades Integradas de Jaú (CAAE 91712418.3.0000.5427). RESULTADOS: Dos 52 participantes da pesquisa, 40,4% possuem sintomas de DTM. Desses, 38,4% de grau leve e 2,0% de grau moderado. Não foi encontrada diferença estatística comparando-se o tempo de prática ou competidores e não competidores. CONCLUSÃO: A frequência de sintomas de DTM em praticantes de CrossFit é de 40,4%. O grau de severidade predominante foi o leve. Não foi encontrada relação entre o aumento da frequência e o tempo de prática da modalidade ou o fato de ser competidor.
Territorio y paisaje en la gestión del patrimonio arqueológico. Alcances desde la experiencia del diagnóstico territorial del patrimonio arqueológico en la región Lambayeque, Perú / Territory and landscape in the archaeological heritage management. The scope of territorial assessment experience of archaeological heritage in Lambayeque Region, Peru
Authors: Martínez Martínez Guadalupe
Published: May 2020

Los procesos de transformación del territorio en el Perú afectan la comprensión, protección y conservación de los sitios arqueológicos, desbordados por la intensidad y rapidez de los cambios. Sin embargo, los instrumentos de gestión patrimonial y territorial vigentes no facilitan espacios de integración del patrimonio arqueológico en las dinámicas territoriales actuales. El concepto de paisaje abre una oportunidad de alineación de sendas visiones sectoriales. En la región Lambayeque, en el norte del Perú, la elaboración de un diagnóstico territorial de su patrimonio arqueológico por el Ministerio de Cultura, permitiría ensayar una propuesta operativa del paisaje para la gestión de este patrimonio.Les processus de transformation du territoire au Pérou affectent la compréhension, la protection et la conservation des sites archéologiques, submergés par l’intensité et la vitesse des changements. Cependant, les instruments de gestion du patrimoine et du territoire ne fournissent pas d’espaces pour l’intégration du patrimoine archéologique dans les dynamiques territoriales actuelles. Le concept de paysage ouvre une opportunité d’aligner les visions sectorielles. Dans la région de Lambayeque, au nord du Pérou, l’élaboration d’un diagnostic territorial de son patrimoine archéologique par le ministère de la Culture, permettrait de tester une proposition de paysage opérationnelle pour la gestion de ce patrimoine.The understanding, protection and conservation of archaeological sites are overwhelmed by the strength and speed of territorial changes. However, heritage and territorial management tools do not integrate archaeological heritage into current territorial dynamics. The landscape concept is an opportunity to align both approaches. The Ministry of Culture of Peru has developed a territorial assessment of archaeological heritage in Lambayeque, North of Peru. It allows for a landscape operational approach to the heritage management.
A robust self-driven surface crack detection algorithm using local features
Authors: Zhu Aixi , Zhu Yiming , Wang Nizhuan , Chen Yingying
Published: May 2020

This paper presents an effective image analysis method for visual surface crack detection, called a robust self-driven crack detection algorithm (RSCDA). Firstly, a local texture anisotropy (LTA) is estimated based on self-driven local feature statistics from the original photograph.
Secondly, the LTA is used to detect candidate crack pixels. Finally, the actual crack pixels are accurately identified using two effective measurements for connected domains based on discriminative direction and relative sparse features. The results demonstrate that the RSCDA is an effective
and robust surface crack detection method for building materials or textiles.
Quantitative research of defects for pipelines based on metal magnetic memory testing
Authors: Zhou Wei , Fan Jianchun , Liu Xiangyuan , Liu Shujie
Published: May 2020

Pipelines are widely used in the oil & gas industry but defects seriously affect their safe operation. Therefore, it is necessary to perform non-destructive testing (NDT) to quantify the defects. In this study, a magnetic dipole model was established to characterise the defects
and magnetic flux leakage (MFL) of defects was simulated using the finite element method (FEM) to reveal the spatial distribution of the magnetic vector. Magnetic signals were measured using a tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) sensor array and the results showed that defects with different sizes
could be quantified using the metal magnetic memory (MMM) method. Three-dimensional distribution of the magnetic signal and its gradient reflected the defect profile well and the gradient of the magnetic signal was found to reduce the effect of non-uniform magnetisation. Furthermore, experimental
results were verified by comparison with the simulation results and the comparison results showed a consistent variation trend. Quantitative analysis was conducted and the characteristic parameters of the gradients could be used to quantify the defects.
Endothelial Dysfunction and Pentraxin-3 in Clinically Stable Adult Asthma Patients
Authors: Pacholczak-Madej R , Kuszmiersz P , Iwaniec T , Zaręba L , Zarychta J , Walocha JA , Dropiński J , Bazan-Socha S
Published: May 2020

Background: Asthma is associated with low-grade systemic inflammation, prothrombotic state, and premature atherosclerosis. Objective: To evaluate the relationships between asthma, inflammatory biomarkers, and parameters of endothelial dysfunction. Material and Methods: We analyzed flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery and intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery using ultrasound in 92 clinically stable adult asthmatics and 62 well-matched controls. We also measured blood levels of selected inflammatory and asthma-specific biomarkers, including interleukin (IL) 4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 (p70), IL-17A, IL-23, and interferon γ, as well as a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain–containing protein 33 (ADAM-33). In addition, we assessed endothelial damage using 2 laboratory biomarkers: circulating von Willebrand factor (vWF) and pentraxin-3. We analyzed relationships between the study variables and asthma severity, lung function abnormalities, airway remodeling indices on computed tomography, and transthoracic echocardiography parameters. Results: Asthmatics had higher IL-6, IL-10, and ADAM-33 levels. They were also characterized by 23% lower FMD% and 15% thicker IMT, as compared with controls (P<.001, both). In asthma, vWF was related to age (ß=0.28 [95%CI, 0.15-0.41]) and remained inversely associated with FEV1 (ß=–0.2 [95%CI, –0.05 to –0.35]). Surprisingly, a negative correlation was revealed between vWF and pentraxin-3 (ß=–0.17 [95%CI, –0.3 to –0.04]). Pentraxin-3 remained positively associated with airway remodeling indices. Conclusions: Asthma is characterized by endothelial dysfunction associated with airway obstruction. The biological role of pentraxin-3 is unknown, although our data suggest a protective role against endothelial damage and atherosclerosis.
Christoph Rosenmüller, Corruption and Justice in Colonial Mexico, 1650-1755.
Authors: Castro Gutiérrez Felipe
Published: May 2020

No contiene resumen.
AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA DO RIO HERCÍLIO, MUNICÍPIO DE IBIRAMA, SC
Authors: Lach Carlos Eduardo , Costa Sandra Isabela Olmedilla , Misturini Mayara , Uda Ýugi Fernando , Pauli Camila Schwarz , Koslowski Luciano André Deitos
Published: May 2020

A qualidade das águas dos corpos hídricos pode sofrer ações antrópicas da urbanização de centros urbanos, bem como das atividades industriais e agrícolas. As indústrias madeireiras, localizadas na região do médio vale do Itajaí no Estado de Santa Catarina apresentam forte potencial econômico. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar por meio de análises físico-químicas a qualidade da água do corpo hídrico do rio Hercílio situado na cidade de Ibirama na região do médio vale do Itajaí, resultante da poluição de esgotos domésticos e pela presença de efluentes industriais do setor madeireiro. Neste sentido, os seguintes parâmetros físico-químicos foram analisados: nitrato (NO3-), nitrito (NO2-), nitrogênio total (NTK), oxigênio dissolvido (OD), potencial hidrogeniônico (pH), turbidez, cloreto total, cianeto total, carbono orgânico total (COT), demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO), condutividade e cor verdadeira. Os resultados evidenciam que os seguintes parâmetros e respectivos valores médios exigem atenção: pH (5,33-5,66), Carbono Orgânico Total (3,57-5,81 mg L-1) e oxigênio dissolvido (5,94–6,51 mg L-1). Neste sentido, sugere-se que o aumento significativo dos valores referente aos parâmetros citados nos pontos de amostragem do corpo hídrico, pode ser associado à atividade da indústria madeireira às margens do rio Hercílio sendo um fator preponderante na alteração da qualidade da água.
Targeted Nanomedicines for Cancer Therapy, From Basics to Clinical Trials
Authors: Eskandari Zahra , Bahadori Fatemeh , Celik Burak , Onyuksel Hayat
Published: May 2020

Traditional systemic chemotherapy involves the wide distribution of drug molecules in the body, causing toxic side effects in the healthy tissues and limiting the therapeutic dose required at the site of drug action. In order to decrease side effects and increase the drug efficacy, recent research on chemotherapy focuses on drug targeting. Targeted therapy can be achieved by several mechanisms including; 1) using an antibody as a drug that is specific to a disease biomarker, 2) using an antibody (or peptide) as a targeting agent conjugated to the drug molecule, 3) delivering the drug molecules to the target tissue in a nano-carrier with or without the targeting agent attached on its surface. The third approach involves the nanomedicines that can be targeted to diseased tissues by both passive (extravasating at diseased sites due to leaky vasculature) and active (specific interaction of the targeting agent with disease biomarker) targeting mechanisms. In this review we will cover the passively targeted nanomedicines prepared using nano drug carriers. Ideally the carrier particle should be in the right size (1-100nm), stable enough to prevent drug leakage during circulation, and safe not to cause any damage to healthy tissues. Competition for all these properties generated many different types of materials to be used as nanodrug delivery systems. After a brief review of most commonly used drug carriers, we discuss the clinical use of the targeted nanomedicines with regard to their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics properties, and how these properties vary from conventional formulations providing free drugs in the circulation after administration.
The Relationship of Intrauterine Growth Restriction with Placental Pathologic Changes in Newborns
Authors: Dalili Hossein , Nayeri Fatemeh Sadat , Mirjalili Seyed Reza , Hossein Seyyed Nasrollah , Abdollahi Alireza , Shariat Mamak , Hantoushzadeh Sedigheh
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Intrauterine growth restriction is a multifaceted problem and is associated with a significant increase in the level of morbidity and perinatal mortality. According to some studies, failure of the placenta is responsible for the most cases of intrauterine growth restriction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the placental pathologic changes in the intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) samples and compare them with normal cases.
 
Methods: A study population consisted of 60 intrauterine growth restriction neonates and 60 normalized neonates born at Tehran Imam Khomeini Hospital between June 2016 and July 2017. The placenta was weighed, immediately after delivery, and the umbilical cord was separated, then stored in 10% formalin and sent for pathological examination as soon as possible. Data collection was performed according to the following items: the pathologist's report, the results of the infants' examination, and the data in the neonatal cases.
 
Results: The intrauterine growth restriction group showed a high frequency of placenta infarction (P < 0.001), inflammation of the villous (P < 0.001), villous fibrosis (P = 0.044), villous vascularization disorder (P = 0.001), prevalence of chorioamnionitis (P = 0.027), prevalence of Syncytiotrophoblastic knots (P < 0.001) and placental necrosis (P = 0.048) than normal group. However, the mean weight of the placenta (P < 0.001), the length and width of the macroscopic placenta changes was less (P < 0.001).
 
Conclusion: The results of the current study showed that a major part of the macroscopic and histological changes are detectable in the intrauterine growth restriction samples, which are considerably more common than normal, although they are not pathognomonic, but in the future, more accurate results can be obtained from more extensive studies.
Investigating the Relationship between Resiliency and Psychological Well-Being of Nurses in ICU & NICU of University Hospitals of Shiraz in 2012
Authors: Sadeghifar Esmat , Salari Mehrdad , Farnia Frahnaz , Mirzae Samaneh , Nasiriani Khadijeh
Published: May 2020

Background: Human resources, especially nurses, have a significant role in health care services due to the nature of their service and their direct relationships with patients. In this regard, nurses are encountered with higher stressful factors resulting from their responsibilities in providing ease and comfort for patients. Resiliency is one of the main purposes of health promotion and is considered to be a protective agent. Moreover, psychological well-being refers to striving for perfection in order to realize the potential and real individual talents and abilities. This study aims to determine the relationship between resiliency and psychological well-being of nurses in ICU & NICU of Shiraz in 2017.
 
Methods: This is a descriptive-correlational research. The statistical society consists of 150 nurses working in ICU & NICU of university hospitals in Shiraz. The tools of data collection were psychological well-being and resiliency questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed via SPSS software and descriptive-inferential statistics.
 
Results: According to the Table, 86% of the subjects are females, and 14% are males; 53.4% of them are single, and 44.6% of them are married; 84% of them have bachelor degree, and 16% of them have master degree. Average age and work experience of the subjects are 31.38 and 4.79 years, respectively. Average resiliency and psychological well-being scores of the nurses are estimated to be 66.03 ± 16.72 and 119.55 ± 24.35, respectively. Their significant relationship was approved by Pearson test P = 0.002).
 
Conclusions: The results indicated that resiliency and psychological well-being of the nurses have significant relationship; with an increase in resiliency, their psychological and mental health increases. Therefore, some programs and interventions are recommended for nurses in order to improve their resiliency, and consequently, promote their psychological well-being.
Evaluation of the Oral Propranolol Effect on Retinopathy of Prematurity: Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Mirjalili Akram , Manaviat Masoud Reza , Noori-Shadkam Mahmood
Published: May 2020

Background: Despite rapid advances in neonatal care in both industrialized and developing countries, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) still remains the main reason of infants' blindness and visual impairment. There is some evidence that Beta-adrenergic system may be involved in infants' ROP. Considering that few studies have been done on effects of oral propranolol on prevention retinopathy pre maturity in premature infants, we designed this clinical trial to investigate the effects of oral propranolol on infants.
 
Methods: This study is a clinical trial in which 27 premature infants with gestational age greater than 27 weeks and afflicted with retinopathy pre maturity grade 1 and 2 hospitalized at Shahid Sadoughi hospital of Yazd city.They were randomized to receive 0.5 mg/kg/12hours oral propranolol or control. Premature infants were controlled and hospitalized at NICU and their BP, heart rate and Hyperemesis gravidarum (H.G) were monitored.
 
Results: Twenty-four newborns were included, 12 in the control group and 12 in the propranolol group and 3 of infants were excluded from the study (2 of propranolol group and 1 of control group) 81.34 percent of treatment group were recovered and healed compared to 66.7 percent of control group which not significantly difference.
 
Conclusion: Some studies about Beta Blockers' recessive effect on ROP have been done which in most recovery was the result but some serious side effects were also reported. In this study there was no positive effect on recovery of ROP but the percent of recovery was slightly higher in propranolol group compared to control group. Fortunately there were no reports of side effects this time due to usage of lower dose propranolol.Recent studies state that propranolol cannot be used as a good alternative to other treatments but it can prevent the disease from getting worse. We can also reduce its side effects by changing the dosage.
THE OPTIMAL NUMBER OF OPTIONS USED IN MULTIPLE-CHOICE TEST FORMAT FOR NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Franley Manalu Herland , Anggraeni Diana
Published: May 2020

Purpose of the study: The present research purports to find out the most favourable number of options used in the Multiple Choice (MC) format for Senior High Schools in Indonesian National Examinations (UN) and suggest the testing division within the Indonesia ministry of education to consider the result of the study

Methodology: Two English tests using MC questions with five options, consisting of 50 questions per test format, were used as the elicitation devices for this research. One of these English tests was rewritten to create four options by deleting the non-functioning distractors in each question. Both tests with different MC test formats were administered to 2 groups within two state Senior High Schools (SMA). The Classical Method and Rasch Analysis were utilized to compare item facility, item discrimination, distractor measure correlation, and reliabilities across the two MC test formats. To corroborate the findings of the study, questionnaires were randomly distributed to 120 SMA students and 15 SMA English teachers.

Main Findings: The findings suggested that four options were more difficult than five options. There was significant change observed in Item Facility (p<0.05) and Item Discrimination across the two MC test formats. Based on the questionnaire data analysis, the four-option is the more optimal and preferable format to be used in the National Examinations.

Applications of this study: Regarding the practicality issues like saving time and money for implementing the tests, minimizing the amount of time and effort needed for test-makers to create the tests, and also reducing the risk of providing implausible distractors for developing MC tests, this study concluded that the four-option MC format is more optimal to be used for Indonesian National Examinations in Senior High School.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The testing division within the Indonesia Ministry of Education uses different numbers of MC options in Elementary, Junior High, and Senior High Schools examinations. The Ministry has predetermined three options for elementary schools, four options for junior high schools, and five options for senior high school students. The decision made the researchers of the present study eager to find out whether the use of MC format with reduced options in the UN SMA will produce the same results or maybe increase or reduce the efficiency, effectiveness, reliability, and practicality of the test administration. This is the first study to compare the number of choices in the MC test format used in Indonesian National Examinations.
La salud en la política
Authors: Redondo Gómez Herman
Published: May 2020

Muchos se preguntarán: ¿por qué personas tradicionalmente conocidas en los campos del qué hacer médico, en el ejercicio clínico, en el área científica o académica, o, inclusive en el campo gremial, hoy plantean el debate en el terreno político?La política siempre ha levantado ampolla, más ahora que se encuentra tan estigmatizada y salpicada de corrupción; sin embargo, si los intelectuales y los honestos no participamos en el proceso democrático que conduce a la selección de las personas que manejan el país y que aprueban las Leyes, Acuerdos y Ordenanzas que afectan diariamente nuestras condiciones de vida, el no participar es la mejor garantía de que los mismos continúen con las mismas. ¿De qué vale quejarnos?Históricamente, quienes participamos en los procesos electorales, consciente o inconscientemente, por acción o por omisión, reelegimos eternamente a los mismos parlamentarios que tachamos de corruptos y que han aprobado y seguirán aprobando leyes como la Ley 100 de 1.993 que tienen postrada la salud pública y han envilecido las condiciones de vida y de trabajo de los médicos, los profesionales y los trabajadores del sector.Es hora de cambiar de actitud. Es hora de cambiar de estrategia; porque si continuamos pasivos ante la demolición de la red pública de servicios de salud y el desmonte del ISS, CAPRECOM y CAJANAL, no habrá poder humano que contenga la crisis social y el retroceso en los indicadores de salud pública, lo que conducirá al descalabro sanitario del país. La historia no perdonará al cuerpo médico, guardián natural de la salud de un país, haber permitido que tales hechos sucedieran mediante el mantenimiento obstinado de una posición pasiva y sumisa.Esta es la razón por la cual planteamos el debate en el terreno político, es allí, en los organismos de elección popular donde se toman las decisiones, ¡es allí donde debemos participar!
El riesgo de cáncer de mama en pacientes con antecedente de patología mamaria benigna
Authors: Quintero Roa Eliana Maribel
Published: May 2020

Tomando en cuenta el impacto que sobre la vida de toda mujer lleva el riesgo de padecer Ca de manera, se realiza una revisión de la literatura, respecto de la influencia del diagnóstico histopatológico previo de lesiones no malignas, según la clasificación propuesta por los doctores Page y Dupont, y su posible malignización con el paso del tiempo.Se realiza además un análisis más profundo de patologías clásicamente consideradas como "benignas" tales como los fibroadenomas y las cicatrices radiales mamarias, sus posibles variantes histopatológicas, y sus implicaciones como factores de riesgo para la paciente.La más importante de la conclusiones, es la necesidad de implementar un seguimiento individualizado de cada paciente, según lo amerite la sumatoria de sus factores de riesgo, y la concientización de ella misma de estos riesgos, de manera tal que sea la misma paciente la más interesada en su propio control, para obtener así un diagnóstico temprano de patología mamaria maligna.
Describing the phenomena of students’ representation in solving ill-posed and well-posed problems
Authors: Rofiki Imam , Santia Ika
Published: May 2020

Mathematical representation is an essential aspect of mathematical problem-solving. But students’ ability of an accurate representation in ill-posed problem-solving is still very minimal compared to that in well-posed problem-solving. However, ill-posed problem supported mathematical abstraction used in mathematical concept understanding. This study described the representations used by mathematics education students in solving ill-posed and well-posed problems. Thirty Indonesian matematics education students have solved ill-well posed problems by using think-aloud. Researchers also collected data using a video recorder and a field note. Data were analyzed by a constant comparative method so that it was obtained the different characteristics of representations between solving ill-posed and well-posed problems. The finding of the study showed that verbal and symbolic representations were used by subjects to compute, detect, and correct error. They also justified their answers in ill-posed problem-solving. However, the visual representation was only used by first subject to identify and correct error. The subjects lacked to expose necessary information to solve the ill-posed problem compared to the well-posed problem.
FREUD’S DEFENSE MECHANISM ON KHALED HOSSEINI’S A THOUSAND SPLENDID SUNS AND TENNESSEE WILLIAMS’ A STREETCAR NAMED DESIRE
Authors: Susanti Nila
Published: May 2020

This paper attempts to analyze Blanche's psychology at A Streetcar Named Desire by American playwright Tennessee Williams and Mariam and Laila in A Thousand Splendid Suns by Khaled Hosseini in relation to Freud's use of defense mechanisms, in order to restore their mental and physical health. The main character of women has gotten an unacceptable impulse into an acceptable impulse by blocking impulses such as superego, thereby reducing suffering from previous traumatic experiences that cannot be erased from their minds, and anxiety to survive. Their anxiety becomes so excessive that the ego forms a defense mechanism to protect them with new hopes, dreams and desires to reduce excessive stress. Blanche, under his mental and social pressure, his illusions and falsification of reality, were unable to overcome the trauma-causing situation in reality, leaving him on the verge of collapse. Mariam and Laila, who most often experience physical and mental stress, internal and external conflicts that come from people in their lives, war, religion and culture. Which ultimately forms the character of women who turn against rebels with strength and defense. The research method used to describe and analyze the main female characters in A Thousand Splendid Suns and A Streetcar Named Desire is with some evidence obtained from the statements of the main female figures containing defense mechanisms including repression, regression, rationalization, and rejection. The author finally discovered many things about the main female character from both literary works. In A Thousand Splendid Suns only three defense mechanisms were found. Mariam and Laila do not use regression as one of their defense mechanisms. Both characters never behave like a child. No evidence was found to support the use of this defense mechanism. In A Streetcar Named Desire, four defense mechanisms are found. Blanche uses all defense mechanisms as his defense.

Keywords: Women, Anxiety, Freud's defense mechanisms
La résolution des traumatismes en complément du traitement standard des abuseurs d'enfants : étude qualitative
Authors: Ricci Ronald J. , Clayton Cheryl A. , Mousnier-Lompré F.
Published: May 2020

Une analyse documentaire des modèles actuels de traitement des agresseurs d'enfants et des théories contemporaines de l'étiologie donne à penser qu'il existe un écart entre la théorie et la pratique. On reconnaît de plus en plus l'importance d'aborder les questions étiologiques dans le traitement des délinquants sexuels, et pourtant de nombreux programmes sont réticents à aborder les séquelles traumatiques d'abus sexuels infantiles (ASI) chez les délinquants sexuels qui en ont subi. L'ajout du traitement des traumatismes au traitement standard des délinquants sexuels est apparu comme un moyen de combler une partie de cet écart. Dix agresseurs d'enfants ayant rapporté avoir des antécédents d'ASI ont ainsi été traités par EMDR (désensibilisation et retraitement par les mouvements oculaires). Suite à l'ajout de cette composante de résolution des traumatismes, on a constaté des améliorations dans les six sous-échelles de l'Échelle d'évaluation du traitement des délinquants sexuels ainsi qu'une diminution de l'excitation idiosyncrasique déviante, mesurée par le pléthysmographe pénien. La présente étude passe en revue les données qualitatives recueillies au cours du traitement et des entretiens post-traitement.
An Empirical Exploration of Supply Chain Performance Evaluation Models Used by the Moroccan Industrial Sector
Authors: Mohammed El Gharbaoui
Published: May 2020

The search for performance is a continuous process and a natural need for survival for each organization or company, taking into account the constraints linked, in particular, to globalization and the competitiveness of markets. Performance and its evaluation can be considered as necessary conditions for the success of an organization, they constitute a field of research oriented by a strong demand from practitioners to develop best practices to improve the overall performance of the company. Supply Chain Management is a key strategic factor in rising corporate success in a global economy, challenging and complex climate. As consequence, supply chain performance evaluation has become one of the most interesting research areas focused on providing guidance to practitioners in selecting the appropriate performance model for the supply chain management. This article presents the results of the questionnaire survey, which aimed at identifying the most relevant supply chain performance assessment models used by the Moroccan industrial sector. To achieve the main propose of this study, the methodology used includes an empirical survey analysis using a questionnaire and statistical tools. The empirical survey was conducted among a sample of 120 Moroccan industrial companies during October, November and December 2019. Data gathered through an e-mail survey, face-to-face interviews and telephone interviews to approach companies by using a structured questionnaire. This study follows the design survey research methodology. Thus, we initially approach the selection and presentation of the adopted methods. Then, we present the sample selection phase, the mode of questionnaire administration and the data collection, and finally, the interpretation of research results. The findings showed that the lack of unanimity among Moroccan industrial companies on the appropriate approach to assessing supply chain performance, justified by the complexity of their own supply chains as organizational configurations, coupled with the complexity of their management approaches.
Sorpsi Isotermi dan Daya Patah Pada Emping Jagung Pulut
Authors: Kaslam Kaslam , Salengke Salengke , A. Koto Helmi
Published: May 2020

Produksi jagung di Indonesia cukup tinggi, yaitu 18.364.430 ton dengan total luas panen 4.131.676 ha dan produktivitas sebesar 41,18% (BPS, 2010). Salah satu jenis jagung yang potensial dan banyak dikembangkan adalah jagung pulut. Jenis jagung ini sangat cocok dalam pembuatan emping jagung karena memiliki kandungan amilopektin tinggi (>80%). Emping jagung pulut banyak diproduksi oleh industri skala kecil hingga menengah sebagai produk makanan ringan. Permasalahan yang kemudian terjadi adalah penanganan pasca produksi, emping jagung memiliki kemampuan penyerapan air yang tinggi sehingga saat digoreng, tidak mekar dengan sempurna sehingga kurang enak dikonsumsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji persamaan sorpsi isotermi emping jagung yang memberikan perkiraan kadar air keseimbangan yang paling mendekati kadar air keseimbangan terukur. Dengan menggunakan suhu 25˚C, 30˚C dan 35˚C dengan kombinasi RH 40%, 60% dan 80%, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Persamaan Henderson memberikan perkiraan perilaku sorpsi isotermi emping jagung pulut yaitu pada kondisi suhu 30˚C lebih mendekati hasil percobaan dan juga pada suhu 35˚C. Sedangkan Persamaan Chung & Pfost paling baik menggambarkan perilaku sorpsi isotermi pada suhu 25˚C. Selain itu, Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui kerapuhan (daya patah) emping jagung pulut pada berbagai beberapa kondisi penyimpanan. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi RH lingkungan maka Nilai daya patah semakin tinggi pula. Kata kunci : Kadar air keseimbangan, Sorpsi isotermi, emping jagung pulut.
Identifikasi Karakteristik akuifer dan Potensi Air Tanah untuk Irigasi pada Sub DAS Data Kabupaten Wajo Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Suhardi Suhardi
Published: May 2020

Pengambilan airtanah secara berkelanjutan dapat dicapai jika terjadi keseimbangan antara pengambilan dan pengisian airtanah. Kemampuan akuifer dalam pelepasan airtanah yang mempengaruhi pengambilan dan pengisian airtanah tergantung pada karakteristik akuifer. Untuk itu, maka karakteristik suatu akuifer perlu diketahui agar jumlah pengambilan tidak melebihi daripada pengisian airtanah. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui posisi, ketebalan, jenis, hasil spesifik dan konduktifitas hidraulik akuifer serta mengidentifikasi  daerah resapan sebagai sumber pengisian airtanah.dan potensi airtanah. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menginterpolasi data litologi dan pengukuran konduktivitas hidraulik akuifer dengan metode uji pemompaan. Nilai konduktivitas hidraulik diolah dengan menggunakan Solver Add Ins pada Microsoft Excel untuk mendapatkan nilai konduktivitas optimal. Sumber resapan airtanah diprediksi berdasarkan jejaring aliran data kontur muka airtanah dan potensi airtanah dihitung dengan pendekatan Darcy’s. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konduktivitas  hidraulik pada daerah penelitian sebesar 16,13 m/hari, hasil spesifik sebesar 0,32 dengan akuifer berupa pasiran. Berdasarkan jejaring aliran, sumber resapan berasal dari sisi Barat DAS mengalir ke arah timur dengan potensi sebesar 14.517 m3/hari ≈   168,02 lt/dt.