bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical implementation of artificial-intelligence-assisted detection of breast cancer metastases in sentinel lymph nodes: the CONFIDENT-B single-center, non-randomized clinical trial
Authors: van Dooijeweert C. , Flach R. N. , ter Hoeve N. D. , Vreuls C. P. H. , Goldschmeding R. , Freund J. E. , Pham P. , Nguyen T. Q. , van der Wall E. , Frederix G. W. J. , Stathonikos N. , van Diest P. J.
Published: June 2024

Pathologists’ assessment of sentinel lymph nodes (SNs) for breast cancer (BC) metastases is a treatment-guiding yet labor-intensive and costly task because of the performance of immunohistochemistry (IHC) in morphologically negative cases. This non-randomized, single-center clinical trial (International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number:14323711) assessed the efficacy of an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted workflow for detecting BC metastases in SNs while maintaining diagnostic safety standards. From September 2022 to May 2023, 190 SN specimens were consecutively enrolled and allocated biweekly to the intervention arm (n = 100) or control arm (n = 90). In both arms, digital whole-slide images of hematoxylin–eosin sections of SN specimens were assessed by an expert pathologist, who was assisted by the ‘Metastasis Detection’ app (Visiopharm) in the intervention arm. Our primary endpoint showed a significantly reduced adjusted relative risk of IHC use (0.680, 95% confidence interval: 0.347–0.878) for AI-assisted pathologists, with subsequent cost savings of ~3,000 €. Secondary endpoints showed significant time reductions and up to 30% improved sensitivity for AI-assisted pathologists. This trial demonstrates the safety and potential for cost and time savings of AI assistance.
Hydration control in the fabrication of high-density magnesia products via slip casting
Authors: Yu Yu , Gargala Arkadiusz , Misson Michael , Chen George Z.
Published: June 2024

Mastering the art of suppressing MgO hydration in slip casting production: the key role of solvent strategies and powder management.
Critical review of fluorescence and absorbance measurements as surrogates for the molecular weight and aromaticity of dissolved organic matter
Authors: Korak Julie A. , McKay Garrett
Published: June 2024

Optical surrogates are used to characterize dissolved organic matter composition like aromaticity and molecular weight. We both review the genesis of surrogate-composition relationships and critically evaluate additional supporting evidence.
Solving the biofouling problem of uranium extraction from seawater by plasma technology
Authors: Zhang Xue , Shao Dadong
Published: June 2024

Plasma treatment can effectively kill microorganisms in seawater and solve the marine biofouling problem of U(vi) extraction.
Lower plasma linoleic acids as a risk factor for gout: an integrated analysis of population-based cohort and genetic data
Authors: Tao Hao-Wei , Liu Zhong-Yue , Jiang Wei , Miao Meng-Yuan , Lyu Jie-Qiong , Zhao Miao , Zhu Jie , Chen Jin-Si , Du Hong-Zhen , Li Zeng-Ning , Zhu Zhengbao , Yang Jing , Qin Li-Qiang , Chen Wei , Chen Guo-Chong
Published: June 2024

From a public health perspective, our findings support increasing the intake of LA-rich foods as an important dietary approach to reduce the risk of gout.
Co-delivery of berberine and gold nanoparticles on liposomes for photodynamic therapy against 3D lung cancer cells
Authors: Moloudi Kave , Abrahamse Heidi , George Blassan P.
Published: June 2024

Using a new nanocomplex (Lipo@AuNPs@BBR) in photodynamic therapy on A549 spheroid cells.
Embedded 3D printing of UV-curable thermosetting composites with continuous fiber
Authors: Ding Yuchen , Gracego Alston X. , Wang Yuanrui , Dong Guoying , Dunn Martin L. , Yu Kai
Published: June 2024

A new embedded 3D printing method is developed that enables the printing of high-quality continuous fiber composites with variable fiber volume fractions, matrix materials, and composite structures with large-hollow features.
Correction: Preventing lead leakage in perovskite solar cells and modules with a low-cost and stable chemisorption coating
Authors: Zhang Zongxu , Shi Yating , Chen Jiujiang , Shen Peng , Li Hongshi , Yang Mengjin , Wang Shirong , Li Xianggao , Zhang Fei
Published: June 2024

Correction for ‘Preventing lead leakage in perovskite solar cells and modules with a low-cost and stable chemisorption coating’ by Zongxu Zhang et al., Mater. Horiz., 2024, 11, 2449–2456, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MH00033A.
Clustering triggered emissive liquid crystalline template for dual mode upconverted and downconverted circularly polarized luminescence
Authors: Nalavadath Sreelakshmi Theeyanchery , Maniappan Sonia , Mandal Anannya , Kumar Jatish
Published: June 2024

A liquid crystalline system exhibiting clustering triggered emission shows intrinsic downconversion chiral luminescence and acts as a template for the generation of upconversion circularly polarized luminescence leading to dual mode chiral emission.
Crossover between rigid and reconstructed moiré lattice in h-BN-encapsulated twisted bilayer WSe2 with different twist angles
Authors: Kinoshita Kei , Lin Yung-Chang , Moriya Rai , Okazaki Shota , Onodera Momoko , Zhang Yijin , Senga Ryosuke , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Sasagawa Takao , Suenaga Kazu , Machida Tomoki
Published: June 2024

Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) imaging for twisted bilayer WSe2 with h-BN encapsulation revealed a reconstructed moiré lattice below a crossover twist angle of ∼4° and a rigid moiré lattice above this angle.
Structure evolution and specific effects for the catalysis of atomically ordered intermetallic compounds
Authors: Wang Lei , Ma Zequan , Xue Jia , Dong Yilin , Chen Lin-Wei , Gu Yu , Shi Hui
Published: June 2024

Structure evolution and specific effects of atomically ordered intermetallic compounds (IMCs) have been extensively studied for exploring catalysts with high activity, selectivity, and longevity.
Tunable luminescence based on structural regulation in organic antimony halides for X-ray scintillation
Authors: Cao Sijun , Wang Yijia , Lai Jun'an , An Kang , Wu Mengyue , Feng Peng , He Peng , Tang Xiaosheng
Published: June 2024

Organic antimony halides show high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) due to their compositional and structural tunability, which provides the possibility for developing high quantum yield scintillators.
Development of high barrier-coated white cardboard for fruit preservation
Authors: Cheng Zheng , Li Jialin , Su Miao , Xiao Naiyu , Zhong Le , Zhang Xueqin , Liu Meixian , Chen Qifeng , Zhou Jinxian
Published: June 2024

High-barrier PVDC emulsion-coated white cardboard was prepared by a facile coating method, which exhibited excellent mechanical properties, good barrier effect, and preservation function, showing great potential for green packaging applications.
Biogenic fabrication of a gold nanoparticle sensor for detection of Fe3+ ions using a smartphone and machine learning
Authors: Dang Kim-Phuong T. , Nguyen T. Thanh-Giang , Cao Tien-Dung , Le Van-Dung , Dang Chi-Hien , Duy Nguyen Phuc Hoang , Phuong Pham Thi Thuy , Huy Do Manh , Kim Chi Tran Thi , Nguyen Thanh-Danh
Published: June 2024

Our study introduces a novel approach to utilize biogenic gold nanoparticle (AuNP) sensors in conjunction with designing a lightbox with a color reference and machine learning for detection of Fe3+ ions in water.
Light-driven photocatalysis as an effective tool for degradation of antibiotics
Authors: Singh Praveen P. , Pandey Geetika , Murti Yogesh , Gairola Jagriti , Mahajan Shriya , Kandhari Harsimrat , Tivari Shraddha , Srivastava Vishal
Published: June 2024

Antibiotic contamination has become a severe issue and a dangerous concern to the environment because of large release of antibiotic effluent into terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
Leveraging phenazine and dihydrophenazine redox dynamics in conjugated microporous polymers for high-efficiency overall photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Feng Shufan , Wang Lei , Tian Limei , Liu Ying , Hu Ke , Xu Hangxun , Wang Haifeng , Hua Jianli
Published: June 2024

Leveraging the reversible phenazine–dihydrophenazine interconversion in microporous polymers enhances photocatalytic H2O2 generation by improving O2 reduction and charge separation, showcasing a new approach for solar-driven chemical conversion.
Observation of a chemical reaction in a levitating microdroplet cluster and droplet-generated music
Authors: Fedorets Alexander A. , Koltsov Semyon , Muravev Anton A. , Fotin Alexey , Zun Pavel , Orekhov Nikita , Nosonovsky Michael , Skorb Ekaterina V.
Published: June 2024

A containerless chemical reaction observed in a levitating droplet cluster for the first time is used for information processing.
Advancements and prospects of perovskite-based fuel electrodes in solid oxide cells for CO2 electrolysis to CO
Authors: Xu Ruijia , Liu Shuai , Yang Meiting , Yang Guangming , Luo Zhixin , Ran Ran , Zhou Wei , Shao Zongping
Published: June 2024

Developments and prospects for solid oxide cells using a perovskite-based fuel electrode for CO2 electrolysis to CO.
MXene nanosheet-reinforced chitosan as a stable photothermal evaporator for efficient solar evaporation
Authors: Zhang Fuqiang , Qi Zhiqiang , Han Xiangsheng , Cai Hongzhen , Yang Keyan
Published: June 2024

We have developed a solar evaporator with high efficiency, superior stability, simple process and adaptability to complex water environments.
A 4D printed nanoengineered super bioactive hydrogel scaffold with programmable deformation for potential bifurcated vascular channel construction
Authors: Nain Amit , Joshi Akshat , Debnath Souvik , Choudhury Saswat , Thomas Jobin , Satija Jitendra , Huang Chih-Ching , Chatterjee Kaushik
Published: June 2024

Four-dimensional (4D) printing of hydrogels enabled the fabrication of complex scaffold geometries out of static parts.
Modeling the operating modes of solar power plants for powering reclamation plants for water treatment and wastewater reuse
Authors: Gilmanshin Iskander , Galeev Rustem , Agafonov Alexander , Syzdykova Gulnar , Galeeva Asiya
Published: June 2024

The article proposes the author’s approach to modeling in the SimInTech environment the operating modes of energy complexes based on solar power plants that power reclamation installations for water treatment and wastewater reuse. The proposed model makes it possible to calculate the technical potential of electricity generation and the power factor of solar power plants. And also explore various options for building an autonomous energy complex supplemented with electricity storage devices.
Info-communication system for monitoring and control of heat supply to buildings and premises
Authors: Pugovkin Alexey
Published: June 2024

The article considers the control of heat supply to individual premises in the modes of switching premise temperature during the day in order to optimize the supply of heat energy and save energy resources. The author considers theoretical and practical works of other teams and authors on this problematic. The article states thermal processes do not adequately account for inertia. The author proposes an approach to solving this problem based on the application of a simple mathematical model considering the heat capacity of the premises, the temperature of the external environment, and the heat transfer coefficient from the premises to the external environment. The paper proposes modeling in the premise heating mode and in the air-conditioning mode. The transition process from the stationary state to the operating state, as defined by SanPin rules, takes approximately 1.5 hours. The character of the transition process is exponential. The author conducted experimental studies in the educational laboratory of the university on the installation containing temperature sensors, a heater, air conditioner, microcontroller, server and relay based on a smart socket. They also developed the software. The air conditioning mode focused on the stages of turning on the air conditioner (cooling down), going to steady-state, and heating (turning on the air conditioner). The experimental dependencies agree well with the theoretical ones. The influence of solar radiation explains a slight discrepancy on the thermal regime of the premise. The article suggests viable options for improving the method: considering heat emissions because of the presence of people, electrical equipment operation, solar and wind loads.
The impact of digitalization and artificial intelligence on sustainable development and energy efficiency of the Georgian banking sector
Authors: Abuselidze George , Zoidze Tamriko
Published: June 2024

In modern times, the importance of using digital technologies plays a great role. This issue is particularly important for the banking system, to provide them quality customer service and respond to market challenges at the right time. Commercial banks participating in the banking system of Georgia have the potential to achieve effective results of transformation into digital banks in a short period of time. Based on the above, the aim of the research is to identify the innovations embedded in Georgia's commercial banks and analyze their implications. Proper activity of commercial banks and development in the right direction are key components in ensuring financial stability, which highlights the significance of the mentioned topic. Theoretically, this research contributes to the broader academic discourse on digital transformation in the banking industry. Practically, such research provides valuable insights for policymakers, banking executives and other stakeholders in the financial industry. The research utilizes both qualitative and quantitative methods. Overall, the study analyses innovative technologies introduced by leading banks in Georgia and their role in innovative banking within the sector.
Influence of phase change materials on the thermal performance of hollow bricks under cold climate conditions: An experimental study
Authors: Huang Yue , Yuan Rui , Miao Chunyang
Published: June 2024

The escalating energy consumption in buildings and the substantial thermal losses in building envelopes pose formidable challenges to the increasingly strained energy resources. With the building envelope constituting the primary contributor to thermal losses in buildings, there arises an urgent need for structures that can mitigate building energy consumption and thermal losses. This study investigates the infusion of phase change materials into hollow bricks to create phase change materialfilled hollow bricks, juxtaposed against unfilled counterparts through experimental analyses. Findings reveal that: 1) Hollow bricks filled with phase change materials exhibit higher inner surface temperatures, with an average temperature disparity of 0.89℃ compared to unfilled counterparts, indicating superior thermal insulation. 2) The internal temperature of phase change material-filled hollow bricks surpasses that of unfilled bricks by an average of 4.14℃, with fluctuations remaining below 1.5℃, affirming the effective heat storage capability of phase change materials with stable thermal performance. 3) The average heat flux on the inner surface of phase change material-filled hollow bricks stands at 7.37W/m2, 7.71W/m2 lower than unfilled bricks, signifying reduced energy dissipation and enhanced thermal insulation. These outcomes furnish a theoretical underpinning and experimental roadmap for the integration of phase change material-filled hollow bricks in building applications.
Analysis and simulation model of three phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive (PMSM)
Authors: Ali Mohammed H. , Ramadan Adam Abdel Rahman , Abass Duha Mahmood , Ali Mohammed Hasan
Published: June 2024

The Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) has become a very dependable and efficient choice for a range of industrial and automotive applications in recent years. Because of their exceptional torqueto-weight ratio, great power density, and superior performance, PMSMs are the best choice for applications requiring precise control and high efficiency. An extensive review of PMSMs is given in this study, with particular attention to their design, control schemes, and applications. The research starts off with a thorough explanation of the PMSM construction, emphasizing the function of permanent magnets and where they are located in the rotor. Analysis of PMSMs' electrical and magnetic characteristics highlights the benefits they have over conventional induction motors, including reduced losses and increased efficiency. A thorough analysis of control techniques for PMSMs is conducted, with a focus on direct torque control (DTC) and field-oriented control (FOC). The robustness, dynamic reactivity, and implementation difficulty of these approaches are compared. Furthermore, sophisticated methods that combine artificial intelligence and model predictive control (MPC) are presented, demonstrating how they can improve PMSM performance in a range of operating scenarios. The integration of PMSMs in electric cars (EVs) is also covered in the study, with an emphasis on how these components improve driving enjoyment, lower emissions, and vehicle efficiency. Examined are industrial applications that highlight PMSMs' adaptability and versatility, including robotics, renewable energy systems, and aerospace. Moreover, issues with PMSM operation are discussed, including demagnetization, thermal control, and the effect of manufacturing tolerances on performance. The ongoing research and solutions aimed at reducing these problems are highlighted, highlighting PMSM technology's constant progress. To sum up, PMSMs are an essential technological accomplishment in the development of contemporary electromechanical systems. Because of their exceptional performance qualities and the continuous advancements in manufacturing and control methods, they will play a significant role in the development of efficient and sustainable motor drives in the future.
Optimization approach to assessing the physical and mechanical properties of polymer composites
Authors: Erofeev Vladimir , Afonin Victor , Tyuryakhina Tatyana , Zotkina Marina , Alekhin Vladimir
Published: June 2024

It has been shown that one of the most significant components of composite building materials (CCM) are fillers, which help improve their structural and operational characteristics. The stages of the processes of structure formation of CSM are given. The role of energy characteristics, dispersion of fillers and degree of filling in the formation of optimal structures is emphasized. Existing approaches for theoretical assessment of the properties of composites, based on solving the Lamé problem for a thickwalled sphere, are presented.This article is devoted to an experimental study of the properties of epoxy composites with fillers having different elasticplastic and strength properties. Glass, ceramic, and chalk powders were considered as fillers; their elastic moduli were, respectively, greater, approximately equal, and less than those of pure polymer.The studies were carried out using mathematical methods of experiment planning. A full factorial experiment was carried out with the construction of a planning matrix and relative values of response functions. Explanatory graphical dependencies have been constructed.The research results can be used to predict the properties of CCM based on the properties of the initial components, as well as to clarify the extreme indicators of properties.
Numerical analysis of the Dukan dam under the influence of assumed seismic loads
Authors: Razzaq W.R. , Alekhin V.N.
Published: June 2024

Dukan dam is an important hydraulic structure in Iraq used for water storage, flood control, and electricity generation. During earthquakes, this dam can be subjected to varying degrees of damage depending on the intensity and duration of the seismic event. In this article, Dukan dam will be analyzed during an assumed earthquake using the ABAQUS software. The behavior of the dam under the seismic load will be investigated. In this process, a two-dimensional finite element model of the central part of the dam, containing the maximum dam height, was created, taking into account the geometric parameters of the model, types of finite elements, material models, and boundary conditions. An analysis was performed for the dam section using the static analysis, seismic effect analysis, and hypothetical failure zones of the dam were identified.
Analysis of the process OF non-stationary heat transfer through the wall of a cylindrical container
Authors: Ushakov Yuriy , Asmankin Evgeniy , Rakhimzhanova Ilmira , Ryazanov Alexei , Ivanov Pavel
Published: June 2024

The process of constructing a mathematical model of the heat exchange process between two media through the wall of a cylindrical container is described. In engineering, there are many problems of calculating the heat exchange process through the wall of a cylindrical tank (heat exchangers, heat supply systems, water tanks, etc.). There are usually no difficulties with the stationary process, while a unified calculation method has not yet been developed for the problems of non-stationary thermal conductivity due to the complexity of their mathematical description. Most of the problems encountered when using heat and mass transfer processes are reduced to solving partial differential equations. Differential equations describing real physical processes are usually very complex, and it is possible to obtain their solution in the form of a finite formula only in the simplest cases. With a strict formulation of the problem, assuming a minimum number of assumptions, these studies are comparable to the best physical experiments. In addition, numerical experiments have a number of advantages in comparison with physical ones: they allow relatively simple and wide-range variation of the problem parameters and boundary conditions, as well as obtaining comprehensive information about the process under study. The paper describes one of the possible ways to construct a method for calculating non-stationary heat transfer through the wall of a cylindrical container. A mathematical model has been developed that allows calculating thermal processes in cylindrical tanks.
Ways to increase the biologyzation of crop production
Authors: Gorkova Irina , Gagarina Irina , Popova Anna
Published: June 2024

Promoting better root growth and soil fertility through biofertilizers is proving to be an effective means of increasing yields. Methods of pretreatment of agricultural waste - cavitation delignification, electric pulse and ultrasound contribute to the transformation of complex molecular structures into simpler monomers and the development of new value-added bio-products such as biofertilizers. It was found that the use of these methods does not destroy the fibrillar structure of cellulose, but causes the re-localization and partial removal of lignin. Pretreatment of samples increases the yield of dry substances by an average of 3.4 times when using ultrasound and 5.6 times when using hydrodynamic cavitation. At the same time, the amount of reducing sugars increases by 2.3 and 5.8 times, respectively. The obtained extracts after fermentation of Bacillus have a growth-stimulating effect, increase the germination energy of wheat seeds by 29.4% to control and by 34.2% germination.
Sustainable practices and technological innovations transforming agribusiness dynamics
Authors: Rushchitskaya Olga , Kulikova Elena , Kot Ekaterina , Kruzhkova Tatyana
Published: June 2024

The article offers a comprehensive exploration of how the integration of sustainable practices and technological advancements is reshaping the landscape of agribusiness. As the global demand for food increases alongside the need for environmental preservation, the agricultural sector is under pressure to innovate and adapt. This paper systematically reviews recent advancements in sustainable agricultural technologies, including precision farming, biotechnology, and renewable energy sources, and assesses their impact on productivity, sustainability, and economic viability. Through qualitative and quantitative analyses, the study highlights the significant role that sustainable practices play in enhancing resource efficiency, reducing environmental degradation, and improving the resilience of agricultural systems to climate change. It also examines the challenges and opportunities associated with the adoption of these technologies, such as investment costs, regulatory hurdles, and the need for skilled labor. Furthermore, the article discusses the implications of these transformations for stakeholders across the agribusiness value chain, from farmers to consumers, and the potential for collaborative efforts to promote sustainability. By drawing on case studies and empirical evidence, it provides valuable insights into the evolving dynamics of agribusiness and offers recommendations for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers aiming to foster a more sustainable and productive agricultural sector.
Development of machine learning models for predicting average annual temperatures
Authors: Mukhin Kirill , Erofeeva Viktoriya , Zhukova Zhanna
Published: June 2024

This study assesses machine learning models for predicting Antarctica's average annual temperatures, addressing the challenge of accuracy in remote and variable climatic conditions. Four models were compared: linear regression, random forest regressor, decision tree regressor, and gradient boosting, utilizing data from diverse Antarctic stations. Results indicate the superiority of specific models tailored to individual stations, with the random forest model demonstrating exceptional performance across most metrics. This emphasizes the significance of geographical specificity in improving climate prediction accuracy. The research underscores machine learning's potential in climate change forecasting, advocating for tailored approaches in environmental modeling.
Eco-innovation: Bridging climatology and resource management for environmental resilience
Authors: Yuzvovich Larisa , Lvova Maya , Kondratenko Ilya
Published: June 2024

This article explores the intersection of climatology and natural resource management through the lens of eco-innovation, offering a novel approach to enhancing environmental resilience. As climate change poses unprecedented challenges to the sustainability of ecosystems and the resources they provide, the need for adaptive strategies becomes paramount. This study examines the role of climatological insights in informing and guiding the sustainable management of natural resources, emphasizing ecoinnovative solutions that foster environmental stability and resilience. By integrating advanced climatic models with sustainable resource management practices, the paper presents a framework for predicting and mitigating the impacts of climate variability and change on natural resources. It highlights case studies where eco-innovative practices have successfully bridged the gap between climatology and resource management, leading to improved environmental outcomes. The article also discusses the potential for scalable eco-innovations that can be adapted to different ecosystems and socio-economic contexts, thereby contributing to global sustainability goals. Furthermore, it addresses the challenges and opportunities in implementing eco-innovative strategies, including technological, economic, and policy considerations. The article concludes with a call for interdisciplinary collaboration and investment in ecoinnovation as critical pathways to securing a resilient and sustainable future for our planet's natural resources.
Addressing the economic impacts of climate change in Uzbekistan: Challenges and strategies
Authors: Arabov Nurali , Nasimov Dilmurod , Abduramanov Xamid , Utemuratova Gulnarakhan , Lutfullo Ibragimov
Published: June 2024

The impacts of climate change have become increasingly evident globally. Leading climatologists attribute this phenomenon primarily to human activity, as rising greenhouse gas concentrations warm the Earth's atmosphere. Accelerating economy-wide reforms is vital to foster an environment conducive to business and investment, crucial for transitioning to a green economy. Establishing financial regulations and market-based incentives attracts investment in sustainable ventures. Additionally, sectorspecific strategies, including water resource management, climate-smart agriculture, urban development, and human capital enhancement, play pivotal roles. This article delves into the urgent issue of global climate change, elucidating its environmental implications, socio-economic repercussions, and the significant threat it poses to various economic sectors. Global warming acts as a catalyst for multifaceted changes and risks, necessitating careful consideration to avert widespread disaster. Proactive measures, informed by comprehensive understanding and collaboration, are imperative for mitigating the adverse impacts of climate change and fostering a sustainable future for generations to come.
Emerging environmental sciences: Addressing the pressing ecological issues of our time
Authors: Sergievskaya Nataly
Published: June 2024

The gist of this article boils down to various problems related to ecology. Special attention is paid to the problem of “garbage”, since it is more or less relevant for all countries. A conceptual model of the interdependence of the state, specialized organizations and the population in solving the “garbage” problem is also proposed. A survey of the population is proposed on what they consider the most serious threat to their country. The authors provided data regarding the share of various areas of activity of enterprises and households in waste generation. Information about the cities considered the cleanest in the world in 2024 is provided.
Construction of a system for assessing the acoustic signal attenuation
Authors: Bulkin Vladislav , Kozlov Stanislav
Published: June 2024

Acoustic noise is one of the main factors affecting humans. The task of the urban environment operational monitoring is urgent as it will facilitate the solution of population protection problem. This problem can be solved by carrying out measurements in a full-spectrum mode with an assessment of the acoustic signal attenuation along typical noise propagation paths deep into residential areas. It has been shown that monitoring the noise level or its changes within the propagation limits deep into residential areas is possible provided that measuring microphones are located along this path at least in two characteristic points. An estimate of the potentially required microphone separation distance in case of using a system with two microphones is given. It is determined that at the preliminary stage of the measuring system construction, the measuring microphones’ location at a distance of 1 km from each other is sufficient. A block diagram of the meter, including two radio transmitters combined with the microphones and a receiver-analyzer, is proposed. It has been determined that acoustic signal delay on the way to the second microphone must be taken into account and the system calibration problem must be solved.
Reasons for the stability of the steppe ecosystems of the Republic Tyva (Russia)
Authors: Sambuu Anna , Nasyk-Dorju Rosa , Oxyulyuk Alexandra , Laidyp Antonina , Nazhik Maadyr , Kuular Orlan
Published: June 2024

The steppe region of Central Asia, to which the steppes of Tuva belong, has supported human culture for thousands of years and during this period has been subjected to serious climatic and social changes. In the past, this area was sparsely populated and the low productivity of the herbage fully provided livestock products to the local population leading a nomadic lifestyle. Folk customs strictly regulated the nature of grazing – its timing, cycles and duration. Having played an exceptionally important role in the history of mankind, the steppe was the first of all other landscapes to be on the verge of completely losing its original appearance and natural potential due to the replacement of grass ecosystems with agricultural landscapes during the Soviet period. Both in the past and at the present time, land use in the Republic of Tyva is due to the peculiarity of natural and climatic conditions and the development of pasture cattle breeding. Animal husbandry is still the main traditional branch of the economy. This article analyzes the reasons for the stability of steppe ecosystems, which are due to a number of reasons, the main of which are: changes in species composition, the presence of various survival strategies of organisms, high productivity of dominant plant species, as well as the spatial and temporal mosaic of available nutrients in the soil.
Trajectory control method for hex-rotor UAV
Authors: Lelkov Konstantin
Published: June 2024

A novel approach to the trajectory control system for a hex-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle is proposed. This approach is based on combining existing techniques, such as PID regulators and backstepping control to achieve better control quality in tight-spaced environments. The provided simulation results prove that this approach allows unmanned aerial vehicle to traverse the given trajectory with small offset errors.
Study of heat protection of translucent external envelope in winter period
Authors: Zhangabay Nurlan , Giyasov Adham , Ybray Sultan , Tursunkululy Timur
Published: June 2024

This article presents the results of thermophysical studies conducted in the cold period by non-destructive testing of translucent exterior building envelopes for heat protection and illumination of the room with natural light. As an object of study was chosen 3-room apartment on the fifth floor of the 17-storey residential complex “Sport Towers”, located in Astana, where the survey was conducted in the daytime. The window openings of the respective rooms were selected as translucent exterior envelope. As a result of the survey it was found that the internal temperature of the living rooms has a deviation of 3.5% from the optimal norm on the parameters of microclimate of the premises, which leads to a violation of the norm and overconsumption of heat energy for heating due to inadequate thermal protection of translucent exterior envelopes. At humidity 48.1% and internal temperature of the room 19.3 °C that the dew point was 8.1 °C. The value of the surface temperature including in the zone of adjoining to opaque elements of the considered structures showed deviation from -16.3°C to 8.0°C, which exceeds the dew point temperature in some cases in 3 times. The total area that does not meet the norm of the examined fragments of translucent exterior envelopes was from 5.9% to 100%. It is noted that the above deviations in heat protection of buildings can lead to the appearance of mold on the inner surface of the envelopes. The qualitative and quantitative indicators obtained as a result of thermophysical studies are the basis for the design of translucent parts of the exterior envelope when they work together with the blind wall part of the façade systems and in the future will be taken into account by designers in the development of new energy-saving exterior envelope structures, which are planned to be implemented throughout the Republic of Kazakhstan, taking into account climatic features.
Vibration-based RF-SVM for PC structural defect detection and assessment
Authors: Xiao Shuoting , Fomin Nikita
Published: June 2024

Machine learning techniques have great potential in structural health monitoring (SHM) and damage assessment of precast concrete (PC) structures. However, traditional damage assessment methods, such as finite element analysis, structural reliability analysis, and model testing, have limitations in terms of accuracy, efficiency, and applicability to complex real-world scenarios. This article proposes a hybrid machine learning approach combining random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) for damage detection and classification in PC structures. The proposed RFSVM method utilizes continuous wavelet transform (CWT) to extract damage-sensitive features from vibration response data and employs RF for initial feature selection and damage classification. The RF output is then concatenated with the original features to form an enhanced feature vector, which is fed into the SVM model for precise damage type identification. The RF-SVM model is trained and tested using vibration response data generated from a simplified PC frame structure finite element model built in OpenSEES software. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves an overall accuracy of 82.5% in detecting and classifying typical damage types in PC structures, with high precision, recall. However, the model's performance in identifying joint connection damage is relatively lower due to the subtle changes in vibration responses caused by this damage type. Compared to traditional methods that require extensive damage scenario data, the RF-SVM method simplifies the data preparation process and reduces computational complexity by utilizing only baseline data for training. This hybrid approach not only advances the field of SHM for PC structures but also offers a robust tool for infrastructure management, potentially increasing safety and reducing maintenance costs.
Recent status and measurement examples of the compact accelerator-driven neutron facility AISTANS
Authors: Kino Koichi , Fujiwara Takeshi , O’Rourke Brian E. , Oshima Nagayasu
Published: June 2024

AISTANS, which is optimized for the Bragg-edge imaging, has been utilized for industrial applications. A second beamline was recently constructed and is under preparation for neutron analysis use. The power of the electron beam, which is used for neutron production at a tantalum target, is currently approximately 1 kW and it is planned to be increased. At AISTANS, various sizes of automobile parts have been analysed non-destructively by neutron radiography, computed tomography, and the Bragg-edge method. Recently, other industrial applications such as analysis of lithium-ion batteries using Bragg-edge spectroscopy have been performed. The neutron diffraction method using a newly developed diffractometer is combined for the Bragg-edge analysis.
An Instrument Suite for the HBS
Authors: Voigt Jörg , Lieutenant Klaus
Published: June 2024

We have investigated an instrument suite for the High Brilliance Source, a High-Current Accelerator-driven Neutron Source proposed by the Forschungszentrum Jülich, to explore the potential of this type of facility for the European and German neutron user community. The investigated instrument concepts cover most types of applications currently in operation at existing user facilities. Providing individual target stations with a frequency, a pulse length and spectral properties matched to the hosted instruments is the key feature of the proposed source, which ensures instrument performance that exceeds that at recently shutdown research reactors and thus a source competitive with modern neutron user facilities.
SANS instrumental design considerations at CANS facilities
Authors: Baxter David V. , McKay Sam , Kaiser Helmut
Published: June 2024

Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) is a ubiquitous technique at neutron scattering facilities throughout the world, and they are particularly attractive instruments to consider for a CANS facility as they are relatively simple in design, do not require high resolution, and can facilitate research across a wide swath of science. On the other hand, CANS facilities employ a fundamentally different primary neutron source than earlier generations of neutron facilities, and such CANS facilities must often be built within a different set of constraints than is typically seen at a major reactor or spallation source. We discuss briefly how these considerations may lead to minor variations in the design optimization for a SANS instrument at a CANS facility from the typical descriptions available from other facilities using the design of the instrument at LENS as an example.
Comparison of Resolution and Contrast Performances of Silver Film, Imaging Plate and Scintillator Images in Neutron Radiography
Authors: Alvarado Kevin , Drouart Antoine , Ott Frédéric
Published: June 2024

In the last decades, neutron imaging facilities have implemented systems such as imaging plates and CCD or sCMOS cameras coupled to a scintillator screen [1]. However, for some applications, such as detection of micro cracks in large-size metallic or organic materials such as pyrotechnic equipment, these methods have disadvantages, mostly related to their small field of view when high resolutions are required. On the other hand, the use of silver radiographic films, although an old technology restricted to static 2D imaging, allows observing details with very good spatial resolution (<50 µm) and over very large areas (30x30cm²), which compensates for their low efficiency. Since there is currently no technology that fulfills these needs, radiographic films were used on the Orphée reactor at the CEA Saclay until its shutdown in 2019. The CEA aims at potentially continuing the previous historical radiography activities on a new French HiCANS source, the ICONE project. Within this context, we aim at comparing radiographic films and other technologies. Hence radiographies were taken with films at PSI/SINQ on the NEUTRA beam line (with thermal neutrons, which will probably will be used at the ICONE facility) in order to compare them with measurements on the same objects taken at the Orphée nuclear reactor (with cold neutrons). Images were obtained with different neutron energies, different L/D and different fluence levels. High-resolution digitalization of the film was performed for quantitative analysis. We compared these images to those obtained with imaging plates or CCD cameras. A study of the quality and the statistics of the images after digitalization was done in order to quantify the evolutions of the dynamic range and the spatial resolution. We also aim at evaluating the effect of thermal energies vs cold energies. With these results, it could be determined if the usage of films can complement modern neutron imaging methods to fulfil specific requirements.
Investigation of the mutual influence of multiple extraction channels for high-current accelerator-based neutron sources
Authors: Shabani Doruntin , Rücker Ulrich , Langer Christoph , Li Jingjing , Zakalek Paul , Schmidt Norberto , Gutberlet Thomas , Brückel Thomas
Published: June 2024

The High Brilliance neutron Source (HBS) project pioneers a High-Current Accelerator-Based Neutron Source (HiCANS), optimizing elements for tailored neutron production. HBS adapts pulse structure and moderators to instrument requirements, focusing on the Target-Moderator-Reflector (TMR) system. Recognizing the need for multiple channels, Monte Carlo simulations are used to compare different models’ influence on neutron brilliance and beam divergence.
The cyclotron-based neutron sources and projects at NARI
Authors: Jeng Sheng-Long , Lee How-Ming , Teng Yung-Hung , Hsu Yu-Hsin , Chen Chien-Hsiang , Kuo Weng-Sheng , Duh Ting-Shien
Published: June 2024

A compact accelerator-driven neutron source is being developed in Taiwan to fill the need in neutron scattering experimental facilities. The National Atomic Research Institute (NARI) is spearheading two neutron projects to deliver neutron services to both the industrial and academic sectors. These services encompass personnel training, scientific experiments, and soft error rate tests for semiconductor devices. Currently, optimization efforts are underway for a 30 MeV cyclotron neutron source, and several radiation services have already been executed using quasi-monoenergetic fast neutrons. Moreover, a white spectrum fast neutron source is under trial, and a neutron imaging system is undergoing evaluation. As a part of Phase I of the 70 MeV cyclotron project, two neutron targets—a fast neutron target and a thermal neutron target—will be installed. Planning for Phase II is expected to commence shortly.
Neutron activation on NILE for quantitative chemical analysis – First results and outlook
Authors: Macia-Castello Cristina , Huidobro Jennifer , Blanco-Lopez Daniel , Gaboardi Mattia , Cazzaniga Carlo , Bhuiyan Nahid , Dolado Jorge S. , Arana Gorka , Madariaga Juan Manuel , Fernandez-Alonso Felix
Published: June 2024

The recently commissioned NILE facility at the ISIS Pulsed Neutron & Muon Source has been employed to perform neutron activation analysis with 14 MeV neutrons from its D-T source. In this first study of its kind on NILE, we have placed an intentional focus on the use of these new experimental capabilities for the study of cementitious materials. Following neutron irradiation, the resulting gamma-ray spectra enable us to assess the current capabilities of NILE for non-destructive and quantitative elemental analysis of specimens of direct industrial relevance, and demonstrate adequate sensitivity levels to both major and trace components, some of which are not accessible with other analytical techniques. The dependence of the spectroscopic data on source-to-sample distance also shows order-of-magnitude gains associated with the ability to implement neutron irradiation within a few mm from the source. All in all, the experimental results presented herein evince the suitability and yet-to-tapped potential of NILE to implement neutron-activation analysis with typical irradiation times well under one hour.
50th anniversary and recent decade achievements of the Hokkaido University Neutron Source (HUNS) facility with cold-fast neutrons and high-energy electrons/X-rays
Authors: Sato Hirotaka , Kamiyama Takashi , Nagakura Hiroki , Sato Ko-ichi , Ohnuma Masato , Furusaka Michihiro
Published: June 2024

In this paper, present status, scientific strategy, recent decade achievements and future perspectives of HUNS with cold, thermal, epithermal, fast neutrons and high-energy electrons/X-rays are presented. Time-of-flight small-angle cold neutron scattering with SAXS is useful for extended-duration materials and foods analysis. Irradiations using fast neutrons, thermal neutrons, 32 MeV electrons and MeV-class X-rays are used for not only soft error test of system-level semiconductor devices but also astrophysics and medical biology. Time-of-flight neutron imaging can accept big sample, system-level sample and many samples for crystalline microstructure and temperature analyses in steel, car and cultural heritage research fields. The reasons of such great activities are discussed.
Improvement of geometry and size of a neutron production target for a higher intensity electron accelerator-driven pulsed neutron source
Authors: Tashiro Takuma , Sato Hirotaka , Kamiyama Takashi
Published: June 2024

At the pulsed neutron source facility based on an electron linear accelerator at Hokkaido University, HUNS (Hokkaido University Neutron Source), high wavelength-resolution time-of-flight (TOF) neutron imaging experiments are performed using a decoupled thermal neutron moderator system. However, the neutron intensity is lower than that of a coupled moderator system due to the narrow neutron pulse. To increase the neutron intensity, we considered increasing the neutron intensity provided from a neutron production target located at the most upstream of a neutron beamline. In this study, we improved the target geometry and size to realize a neutron source with not only narrower pulse but also higher intensity. By using particle transport simulation calculations, the target-moderator-in-line geometry was proposed, thereby enhancing the coupling between target and moderator in the in-line geometry. Additionally, enlarging the target size resulted in a reduction of photons entering the neutron beamline owing to the self-shielding effect of the target. In the performance evaluation experiment, the neutron intensity successfully increased by a factor of 2.25, and the spread of the neutron pulse width was suppressed, nevertheless a significant increase in the photon flux.