bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The distribution and adoption of rice varieties in Lampung Province
Authors: Mustikawati D R , Adriyani F Y
Published: July 2021

The IAARD has released several new superior inbred varieties (NSIV) with the abbreviation Inpari (Irrigation Rice Inbred), namely Inpari 1 to Inpari 44. The released varieties have diverse characteristics. Some of Inpari’s varieties have been tested and disseminated to farmers in Lampung. This paper was to determine the distribution of Inpari varieties in Lampung and the main problem in NSIV adoption. Data was collected through the literature study, secondary data from related agencies and interview with key person. The data obtained was analyzed descriptively. The result shows that the distribution of Inpari varieties were still not widely developed in Lampung Province. The dominant use of Inpari varieties was Inpari 30 variety, which were 10.04% in 2017 and 6.96% in 2018. While other Inpari varieties were below 1%. The main problem in NSIV adoption is the NSIV’s characteristics that suitable with farmers’ preference and the seed availability.
Flow cytometry analysis on colchicine induced polyploid of Katokkon peppers (Capsicum chinense Jacq.)
Authors: Sjahril R , Kasmiati  , Riadi M , Ridwan I , Jamaluddin I , Panga N J
Published: July 2021

A preliminary study was conducted to determine the ploidy level of Katokkon pepper after colchicine induction using flow cytometry analysis. Compared to squash method, flow cytometry analysis can provide effectively faster results of the ploidy levels of the cells. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Bioscience and Reproduction Biotechnology, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University Makassar. Polyploidy of the Katokkon pepper (Capsicum chinenseJacq.) were induced by immersing the seeds in colchicine solution at concentrations of 0.00%, 0.0125%, 0.025%, 0.050% (w/v). For each concentration, an immersion time of 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 hours were employed, respectively. Ploidy level was analyzed using the flow cytometer machine (Partec® Cy-Flow Space). The resulting histogram of the analysis shows differences between control (0.00%) and the rest of Colchicine treatment. Based on the peak position on the histogram, the colchicine concentration and their various immersion time given did not produce tetraploid (4n) plants. Nevertheless, at 0.10% colchicine concentration with all immersion times, it was obtained mixoploid plants with 2n and 4n pairs of chromosomes.
Sustainability assessment of chili farming in the highlands of Pacet Sub District, Regency of Cianjur, West Java
Authors: Mailena L , Sirnawati E , Widjaja E , Ibrahim T , Nurfaida
Published: July 2021

Chili farming in the highlands is facing the problem of decreasing land fertility due to the loss of soil top layer, high humidity and rainfall that causes more pests and disease. Therefore, soil conservation, pests and plant diseases controlling are the priority in management of chili farming and these efforts are practically in line with the goal of sustainable agricultural development. This study aims to analyze the sustainability status of chili farming in the Highlands of Pacet Sub district, Region of Cianjur, West Java Province. Method of sustainability assessment using multidimensional scaling approach with RAP-Chili technique that includes 34 attributes on dimension of environment, economic, social, technology, and institution. The results show that chili farming in highlands of Pacet was quite sustainable with an index about 54.39 percent. Out of five dimensions, environment and economic dimension had the highest index in moderately sustainable category while other dimensions were less sustainable. Thus, improvement toward sustainable chili farming could be prioritized on less sustainable dimension which were social, technology and institution by considering leverage attributes of those dimensions, namely extension program, application of bio pesticide and pest trap, post harvesting technology and availability of marketing institution.
Relationship and influence of entrepreneurial orientation, social capital, and warm glow on sustainable agricultural development in the border area of Sebatik Island
Authors: Mubarak A , Suryana Nia Kurniasih , Jumiati Elly , Intan Sekar
Published: July 2021

Sustainable agricultural development in the agricultural sector has a very significant contribution to the achievement of the targets and goals of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) program, that is for human welfare. This study aims to analyze the relationship and influence of entrepreneurial orientation, social capital, and warm glow on sustainable agricultural development in the border area of Sebatik Island. The data was collected by distributing questionnaires and indepth interviews with 250 farmers as respondents. Sampling was done using purposive sampling method. The data collected was developed using structural equation modeling and assisted by the AMOS program. The results showed that entrepreneurial orientation, warm glow, and social capital had a significant effect on sustainable agricultural development in the border area of Sebatik Island.
Government’s roles impacts the entrepreneurial orientation of rice farmers
Authors: Anisa A , Kusnadi Nunung , Rachmina Dwi
Published: July 2021

Farmers’ entrepreneurial orientation needs to be improved to maximize the agricultural sector. The government’s role is needed in optimizing existing facilities in the agroecosystem to make it easier for farmers to do farming. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of agroecosystems on the entrepreneurial orientation of rice farmers. A total of 200 respondents were taken by purposive sampling. Then analyzed with the PLS-Structured Equation Model. The results showed that the role of government policy had a significant positive effect on the entrepreneurial orientation of farmers, where it had a stronger effect on irrigated rice fields. Mainly, government support for the provision of agricultural tools and machinery (ALSNTN) has been proven to improve the entrepreneurial orientation of farmers, while institutional support for rainfed rice is the thing that most influences the entrepreneurial orientation of rain-fed rice farmers.
Dynamics of Farmers Group in Production of Barangan’s Banana Business (Case Study in Lekke Farmer, Tonronge Village, Lappariaja District, Bone Regency)
Authors: Heliawaty  , Diansari P , Lanuhu N , Lumoindong Y , Fudjaja L , Bakri R , Hamzah Z
Published: July 2021

South Sulawesi is one of the provinces with high banana production and one of the most popular types of banana is “Banana Barangan”. Barangan banana is a leading commodity in Bone Regency with the production center located in Lappariaja District which is cultivated by the Lekke Farmer Group. This study aims to determine the dynamics of farmer groups in barangan banana farming. The research was conducted in Tonronge Village, Lappariaja District, Bone Regency in June-July 2016. Research respondents were all members of the Lekke Farmers Group. The study used a qualitative analysis using scoring to determine the level of dynamism of the farmer groups. The results of the study show that the dynamics of the Lekke Farmer Group is in the high category, from the six elements or indicators, the group atmosphere gets a high percentage with an average score of 11.4. It is expected to increase group dynamics in order to achieve common goals effectively and efficiently.
Efficiency analysis of using production factors in paddy rice farming in Macope Sub-District, Awangpone District, Bone Regency
Authors: Bakri R , Salam M , Darma R , Saadah  , Ansar R A
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze efficiency level of the use of production factors on productivity of lowland rice farming in Macope Village, Awangpone District, Bone Regency. The analysis technique used is the Cobb Douglass function analysis which is transformed into multiple linear regression to see the value of the regression coefficient and price efficiency analysis. The results showed that the variables of land area, seeds, urea, NPK, Tabas, DMA, and labor simultaneously had a significant effect on lowland rice productivity. The variable of land area partially has a significant effect on productivity, however, seeds, urea fertilizer, NPK fertilizer, Tabas pesticide, DMA pesticide, and labor partially do not have a significant effect on productivity. The use of seed production factors and labor is not efficient, while the land area, urea, NPK, Tabas, and DMA are not efficient.
Relationship between rice farmers household food security and stunting incidence in Enrekang Regency
Authors: Bulkis S , Summase I , Nadja R A , Rahmadanih  , Nirwan
Published: July 2021

Food is one of the basic human needs. As a basic need, food must be sufficiently available at all times, safe, of good quality, affordable, of various types and nutritious. However, there are several health impacts due to this food, one of which is the incidence of stunting. Stunting describes a long-standing state of malnutrition and takes time for children to develop and recover. This study aims to analyze the relationship between household food security of rice farmers and the incidence of stunting and to analyze the factors that affect household food security of rice farmers and the incidence of stunting in Ongko Village, Maiwa District, Enrekang Regency. The analysis technique used is the simple Linear Regression and Chi-square test with the help of the SPSS version 23.0 application. The result of this study is that there is a significant relationship between food security and stunting variables, education variables (p-value = 0.033), parenting variables (p-value = 0.042), sanitation variables (p-value = 0.024).
Risk identification of Bali Cattle on traditional farming: A review
Authors: Astaman P , Siregar A R , Munizu M , Hastang
Published: July 2021

Beef cattle farming has great potential to be developed and has a strategic role as a provider of animal protein. Until now, the need for national beef is still far above domestic production, so the government has issued a cattle import policy, as an effort to meet the national demand for beef. The study aimed to identify the business risks that will arise in the traditional Balinese cattle breeding business. The results of the journal review show that the identification of risks that will arise in traditional Balinese cattle farming is production risk, market risk, human resource risk, technology risk, and environmental risk, so a strategy is needed to reduce and overcome these risks so as not to cause failure in bali cattle farming business. Business risks cannot be avoided but can be minimized, so that the damage that will be caused is not so fatal.
Effect of Pleurotus ostreatus substrates compost on the chemical properties of acid sulfate soils
Authors: Jumar  , Saputra R A , Sari N N , Wahyudianur A
Published: July 2021

The common problem of acid sulfate soils is their acidity, which affects the availability of nutrients. Soil pH is an important factor because interval pH defined the availability of nutrients in the soil. Amelioration could improved soils pH, and techniques that are often used is liming. However, Ramsar convention lime’s application is not recommended because of its potential harm to the environment. Due to that reason, this study was conducted to identify the effect of Pleurotus ostreatus substrates compost on the chemical properties of acid sulfate soils. The greenhouse experiment was arranged in completely randomized design (CDR) with five treatments, i.e. 0 (b0), 5 (b1), 10 (b2), 15 (b3), and 20 (b4) ton ha−1. The highest value of pH (5.05), available N (1.70 ppm and 2.13 ppm, ammonium (NH4
+) and nitrate (NH4
−), respectively), and organic carbon (C) (3.45%) was found in the b4 treatment, compared to control, the b4 treatment improved about 40.50%, 77.50%, and 40.82% for NH4
+, NH4
−, and organic-C, respectively. While, the highest available phosphorus (P) (16.36 ppm) was found in the b3 treatment, which improved about 166.88% compared to control (b0). Application of Pleurotus ostreatus substrates compost was able to ameliorate the chemical properties of acid sulfate soils.
Improving rice productivity through the new superior varieties of rice in the irrigation land, Jambi Province
Authors: Bobihoe J , Jumakir  , Endrizal
Published: July 2021

New superior varieties of rice have a very important role in improving rice productivity. In Jambi Province, the use of VUB in irrigation land has begun to be in demand by farmers and dominated by Inpari varieties. This activity aims to find out the appearance of several new superior varieties (VUB) of rice and rice productivity on irrigated rice fields. The assessment activity was conducted in Sri Agung Village, Batang Asam District, Tanjung Jabung Barat, Jambi Province from March to July 2019. New superior varieties of rice paddy planted consist of Inpari 12, Inpari 13, Inpari 30, Inpari 32, Inpari 33, Baroma, Inpari Nutri Zinc, and Ciherang on an area of 2 ha. This assessment is carried out through an integrated crop management approach (IPM) with technology components including new superior varieties, legowo jajar planting system, fertilization, disease pest control, harvesting, and post-harvest. The results showed that the highest production is found in the Inpari 30 variety which is 7.30 t/ha because it has more tillers, more grain content, fewer quantities of hollow grain and weighs 1000 seeds heavier than other Inpari varieties.
Soil quality significance of goat pens positioned on the hilltop of sloping cocoa farms in Polman-Sulawesi
Authors: Gusli S , Annisaprakasa H , Riskawati R , Sumeni S , Neswati R , Useng D , Ali H , Hamid S , Samsuar S
Published: July 2021

Many smallholder cocoa farmers in Polman, West Sulawesi-Indonesia breed goats traditionally on hilltop of the sloped cocoa farms. The goat’s manure is deposited under the pens, not distributed on the farm. We investigated the significance of this traditional goat breeding on the hilltop of sloping cocoa farms on soil quality based on the distance from the pens along the slope direction. We selected three sloped-cocoa farms where this traditional model had been practiced for years. The farms studied had 30 to 70% slopes, clay loam to clay soil textures. Along a transect lane, 0-5, 5-10, and 10-15 meters from the pen on each farm, we measured soil bulk density, hydraulic conductivity (HC), soil organic carbon (SOC), pH, soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, cation exchangeable capacity (CEC) and earthworm population. This traditional practice improved soil quality compared to the adjacent farms which were not affected by the practice (control). Soil HC, SOC, N, P, K and CEC, and earthworm population were markedly higher under this system compared to the control, especially at 0 to 5 m distance from the manure deposit. The beneficial effects of this system were limited only within 10 m from the pens, beyond which soil quality was practically similar to the control site. This traditional system may be considered as an appropriate practice for soil quality maintenance in sloping cocoa farm, but an improvement is needed for greater benefits and reduced risks through terrace construction and manure deposition every 5-10 m range along the slope.
The seed quality of Indonesian cowpea local varieties after storage
Authors: Adie M M , Krisnawati A , Baliadi Y , Yusnawan E , Wijanarko A
Published: July 2021

The optimum performance of the cowpea plant population in the field could be determined by their seed quality. The research aims to evaluate the seed quality of several cowpea local varieties after being stored in the form of seeds and pods. A total of 18 cowpea local varieties from East Java, West Nusa Tenggara, South Kalimantan, and West Sulawesi were evaluated for their seed vigor and viability after being stored for 30 and 60 days at room temperature using plant material in the form of seeds and pods. The seed multiplication was conducted in the field at Banyuwangi, and the seed quality test using sand media was carried out at the glasshouse of ILETRI Malang. The storage of cowpea in the form of pods and seeds for up to 30 days did not significantly affect the seed quality. Four local varieties (VU 0007, VU 0093, VU 0125, VU 0155) showed good viability at the storage of 30 and 60 days, respectively. The VU 0032 and VU 0076 have optimum viability after being stored for 60 days. The speed of the germination index (SGI) was not only describing the level of vigor but also able to show the type of plant material to be stored. The VU 0007, VU 0093, and VU 0155 were recommended to be stored in the form of seeds, meanwhile, the VU 0125 can be stored for up to 60 days in the form of seeds or pods. The morphological characters of sprouts, namely hypocotyl length, stem dry weight, and root dry weight, could be considered as a benchmark parameter for seed vigor of cowpea.
Nutrients uptake of corn plant as affected by rock dust addition treated by heating and humic material
Authors: Asridawati S , Febrianti  , Ahmad A
Published: July 2021

Silicate rocks are a natural substance that contains many essential nutrients for plants, but the applications of silicate rocks dust as fertilizer in agriculture are very limited. The nutrients derived from silicate rock dust were very slowly available. As a result, its effect on plant growth is not significant. The effort that can be done to accelerate the availability of nutrients from silicate rocks dust fertilizer is through heating treatment and giving humic materials. This research was conducted using a split-plot designed by three factors; namely, the heating temperature (at 25°C, 300°C, and 700°C) as the main plot, rock types (Trachyte, diorite, and basalt), and the solvent (KOH 0.1 N, rainwater, lignite humic and peat humic) as the subplot. The results showed that the rock dust fertilizer treated with peat humic significantly influenced the plant height 14 days after planting (DAP). Besides, basalt rock dust fertilizer can significantly influence plants’ height at 21, 28, and 35 DAP. The highest dry weight of corn plants was obtained in the treatment of basalt rock dust treated by heating to a temperature of 700°C with the solvent peat humic. Nutrient uptake of potassium (K) in corn plants tended to be higher in the treatment within the rock dust treated by heating to a temperature of 300°C using lignite humic solvent.
Effectiveness of Chromolaena odorata as organic manure in promoting plant nutrient uptake and soil nutrient status on mustard rhizosphere
Authors: Fikrinda F , Akhmad N , Ikhsan W M
Published: July 2021

Chromolaena odorata is an invasive plant that potentially organic manure. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of this weed on plant nutrient uptake and soil nutrient status on the mustard rhizosphere using a completely randomized block design and three replications. Factors examined were the organic manure types (green manure and compost) and doses (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 Mg ha−1). The results showed that the compost was more effective than the green manure to improve potassium (K) uptake and soil nutrient (total nitrogen (N), available phosphor (P), and exchangeable K). Increasing doses of the organic manure until 25 mg ha−1 gave a better effect on N and K uptake and soil available P and exch. K but 20 Mg ha−1 on soil total N. The application of 25 mg ha−1
C. odorata as green manure gave more N and K content in the mustard. At the same time, 20 mg ha−1 compost increased soil available P. This study indicated that C. odorata could be developed as a good ameliorant either as green manure or compost to improve nutrient uptake mustard and soil nutrient status.
Effect of mulch application and watering frequency on growth and production of chilli (Capsicum annum L)
Authors: Idaryani  , Warda  , Suriany  , Halil W
Published: July 2021

Red chilli is one of vegetable that has a high economic value in Indonesia. One of the factors that influence the growth of chilli is the availability of water which is a limiting factor for chilli plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mulch use and frequency of watering on the growth and yield of chilli plants. The research was conducted in Lampoko Village, Barebbo District, Bone Regency, in Mei-July 2017, used factorial randomized block design with two factors. The first factor was the application mulch (without mulch, organic mulch, and plastic mulch) and the second factor was the frequency of watering (once a day, two times a day, and once in two days). The data obtained were then analyzed for variance and continued with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that the treatment of mulch utilization significantly affected plant height 30 and 60 DAP, number of fruit, weight fruit, and fresh plant weight. The treatment of the frequency of watering significant effect on plant height 30 and 60 DAP, number of fruit, weight fruit, and fresh plant weight. In general, the best growth and production of chilli were obtained in the treatment of the application of plastic mulch with a frequency of watering once a day namely 13,03 t ha−1.
The bacterial mixture effect of Azotobacter and Azospirrilum on nitrogen content and harvest date of upland red rice cultivar
Authors: Muhidin  , Syam’un E , Kaimuddin  , Musa Y , Sadimantara G R , Leomo S , Yusuf D N , Rakian T C
Published: July 2021

The research aims were to analyse the effect of bacterial mixture of Azotobacter and Azospirrilum on the nitrogen content and harvest date of upland red rice. This research was conducted in Agriculture Farm of Agriculture Faculty in Halu Oleo University. The research was arranged in a split plot design. The bacterial mixture dosage as main plot and different of cultivar as sub plot. The bacterial mixture dosage were without application bacterial mixture, Bacterial combination mixture of Azotobacter 2.5 L ha−1 + Azospirillum 2.5 L ha−1, and Bacterial combination mixture of Azotobacter 5.0 L ha−1 + Azospirillum 5.0 L ha−1. The cultivar tested were Labandiri, Jangkobembe, Ranggohitam, and Paedara. This research shows that application of bacterial mixture had no significant effect on nitrogen leaf content, but had a significant effect on flowering time and harvesting. It was found that flowering time tended to accelerate, but on harvesting-date parameters tended to be prolonged.
Effect of liquid organic fertilizer derived from moringa on growth of upland red rice lines crosses from SE Sulawesi
Authors: Nasira W , Adawiyah R , Muhidin  , Sadimantara G R , Yusuf D N
Published: July 2021

Upland rice is an important food crop in Indonesia, including in Southeast Sulawesi, and the productivity still low under the production potential. One of the causes of this low production is low soil fertility and limited nutrients for plants. One of the efforts is by providing liquid organic fertilizer derived from moringa. This study used a two-factor and arranged in a randomized block design (RBD). The first factor was organic fertilizer treatment from moringa, consisting of two levels, namely without treatment and 20 ml per liter. The second factor was the difference cultivars tested consisting of 4 cultivars, namely GS44-1, GS44-2, GS16-1, GS16-2, and Lipigo 4. The results showed that the treatment of liquid organic fertilizer made from moringa significantly effects on the on the plant height. number of leaves and number of tillers on upland red rice.
Application of coffee husk compost and EM4 on growth and yield of chili pepper (Capsicum Frutescens L.)
Authors: Adnan  , Basri A B , Azis Abdul , Idawanni  , Iswoyo H
Published: July 2021

This research is intended to comprehend the effect of using waste from coffee husk and EM4 concentration on the growth and yield of chili pepper plants with two factors and repeating 3 times. The research starts from October 2018 to January 2019 by using a factorial randomized block design (RBD), which consisted of two factors namely: The factor of coffee husk waste (K) consisting of 4 levels, while the factor of EM4 concentration consist 4 levels. The research results prove that the waste of coffee husk has a significant impact on the number of productive branches, the number of fruits per plant, and fruit weight per plot. It significantly affects plant height at 45 days after planting (DAP) and stems diameter at 45 days after planting (DAP). The best treatment of coffee husk compost is found in K3 treatment (30 ton/ha). The treatment of EM4 concentration has a good effect on the number of productive branches, the number of fruits per plant, and fruit weight per plot. The best EM4 concentration treatment is found in the B3 treatment (15 mL/L water). The interaction between the coffee husk waste and the EM4 concentration confirms a significant effect on fruit weight per plot. The finest interaction is found in the compost of coffee husk waste 30 ton/ha with a concentration of EM4 15 mL/L water.
Improvement on the quality of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings through seed immersion in Supergib solution
Authors: Syaiful Syatrianty A. , Haring F , Syawlia R R , Padjung R , Mantja K , Farid M
Published: July 2021

This study aims to obtain the best supergib concentration and immersion ime that affect the growth of chili plant seeds. The study consisted of two stages, namely viability and vigor test of seeds which was carried out at the Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Seed Science, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University. The second stage is the chili plant nursery which is held at the Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar. The study was conducted from December 2019 to February 2020. This study used a two-factor factorial randomized block design, with the concentration of supergib as the first factor consisted of 4 levels, namely 0 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm and 20 ppm. The second factor was the length of soaking time which consisted of 3 levels, namely 6 hours, 9 hours, and 12 hours. The results show that the 10 ppm supergib concentration and 12 hours of soaking the seeds gave the best results at the growth rate of 19.35% and the supergib concentration of 15 ppm and the duration of soaking for 9 hours gave the best results on the primary root length of the sprouts (3.68 cm), plant height (11.77 cm) and the number of leaves (6.67). Soaking time for 6 hours resulted in the highest average germination capacity of 65%, and treatment for 9 hours of immersion resulted in the highest growth simultaneous value of 25.67%.
Response of three maize varieties (Zea mays L.) to different nitrogen dosages
Authors: Riadi M , Amin A R , Novianti F , Musa Y , Farid M , Dungga N E , Sahur A
Published: July 2021

The research was carried out at the Experimental Garden of the Cereal Research Institute, Bajeng District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province, which took place from September 2018 to January 2019. The research aimed to study the interaction between certain nitrogen doses and certain maize varieties and the presence of maize varieties, as well as nitrogen doses provide the highest growth and production. This research was conducted in the form of an experiment using a separate plot design. The nitrogen dose as the main plot consisting of 4 levels, namely urea 0 kg.ha−1, 100 kg.ha−1, 200 kg.ha−1, and 300 kg.ha−1, then three varieties of maize as subplots, namely Bima-19 variety as hybrid representative, Lamuru as composite representative, and Srikandi Kuning as synthetic representative. The results showed that the Bima-19 variety fertilized with urea 300 kg.ha−1 gave the highest seed yield per hectare (8.10 tons.ha−1), and the Srikandi Kuning variety produced the highest ear height (91.25 cm) compared to other varieties tested. Application of urea 300 kg.ha−1 resulted in the highest ear height (113.19 cm), the longest ear length (20.02 cm), and the highest number of seeds. 33.83 seeds). All parameters observed had very significant positive correlation values, except for the age of flowering of the females and the number of seed rows of cob−1 which were significantly positive.
Vegetative phase of pepper plants on the combination of compost and biochar with the addition of mycorrhiza
Authors: Harsani  , Ruslan  , Rahim Iradhatullah , Rasbawati  , Yusriadi
Published: July 2021

Plant growth is strongly influenced by the availability of nutrients in the soil. One factor that influences the availability of nutrients in the soil is the availability of soil organic matter. Soil nutrient content such as C-organic, available nutrients, and soil microorganism diversity are indicators of soil fertility. This research was arranged using a completely randomized design. Data were collected directly in the field and also observations in the laboratory. This study aimed to determine the response of pepper plant growth to the vegetative phase with the application of compost-biochar-mycorrhizae. This study indicates that the best response is shown in the combination application treatment of compost, biochar with mycorrhizal fungi.
Improvement of suboptimal soil productivity to growth and production of groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.)
Authors: Rachman L M , Hazra F , Baskoro D P T , Riskawati R , Putri S K
Published: July 2021

Increasing suboptimal soil productivity in agricultural land to increase food production needs to be encouraged. A proper land management design is necessary to overcome the various obstacles and problems faced to increase suboptimal soil productivity. The purpose of this research, which was conducted at ex rice field of suboptimal soil, was to improve suboptimal soil productivity for plantation peasants by developing soil management recommendations, mainly through a combination of inputs needed to optimize the growth and productivity of potato plants based on soil conditions. A combination of lime dosage and organic matter (Petroganic) dosage with basic fertilizer (urea, N-P-K, and dolomite) were applied by using a Randomized Completely Design (RCD) for 8 (eight) treatments with three replication. The results showed that P4, treatment with the highest lime dosage, and Petroganic produced the highest fresh groundnut pod. It can increase production as high as 89% as compared to control. All treatment combinations of lime and Petroganic increased fresh nut pod between 46% to 89% compared to control. The use of basic fertilizer only increases production by 32% as compared to control. To achieve higher fresh nut pod yield, watering or irrigation should be included in soil management.
Preface
Authors: Rozenberg Gennady S
Published: July 2021

The 7th Conference of the Environmental Problems of Large River Basins (EPLRB-7): Preface

Dear reader, I have the honor to bring to your kind attention a collection of proceedings of the International Scientific Conference “Environmental Problems of Large River Basins - 7”. Six previous conferences [1-5]1 were timed to coincide with anniversary dates in the history of the Institute - 10, 15, 20, etc. years from the date of its foundation. But time is moving faster and faster today. This made us hold the 7th Conference in the middle of the 5-year cycle and discuss the urgent environmental problems of the basins of large rivers (first and foremost, the Volga River, the largest river in Europe).
Phytodiversity of the Middle Volga region using FD SUR database
Authors: Aristova M A
Published: July 2021

The article illustrates FD SUR database, which contains information on the spatial distribution of vascular plant species in Samara and Ulyanovsk regions. The surveyed area is 90,900 km2. The initial data were obtained as a result of studies carried out for the period 2004-2020 by the staff of the Institute of Ecology of the Volga River Basin of the Russian Academy of Sciences and some literary sources. The database contains over 100,000 records for 1935 species from 127 families and 628 genera. We develop a number of areas of flora research using the informational basis of FD SUR. We propose criteria for assessing the sustainability (natural addition) of floras based on the spectrum of family diversity indices. We studied the dependence of the taxonomic parameters of the flora on the number of species on floristic site and determined the values of these parameters for a number of territories of Samara-Ulyanovsk Volga region. We examined the dependence of the species and biomorphological composition of floras on the climatic conditions of the territory: the amount of precipitation and temperatures.
Shrub communities dominated by Caragana frutex in the Zhiguli Mountains
Authors: Bondareva V V
Published: July 2021

According to the literature we provide geobotanical analysis of plant communities with the steppe shrubs: Caragana frutex, Cerasus fruticosa, Cotoneaster laxiflorus, Chamaecytisus ruthenicus, Spiraea crenata, Euonymus verrucosus, Amygdlalus nana. The shrub communities occupy the settled areas of the southern slopes of the Zhiguli Mountains (Mogutova, Strel’naya, Bakhilova, Malinovaya, Nablyudatel’). Datasets of relevés were analyzed using the JUICE software package. The cluster analysis was performed using the PC-ORD 5.0 software package. The assessment of the relationship between the ecological characteristics of plant communities and environmental factors was carried out using the L G Ramensky’s indicator values, the IBIS program. DCA-ordination of relevés is performed using the “Ordijuice” module built into the JUICE program from the R package. The studied phytocenoses are divided into three groups. The ecological-phytocenotic and floral characteristics of each cluster are given. Diagnostic, constant and dominant species are established. The list of vascular plant species listed in the federal and regional Red Books, registered in phytocenoses, is given. The results of DCA-ordination of three clusters of shrub communities with a predominance of Caragana frutex are presented. A reliable correlation between the positions of these groups in the space of the DCA-axes and the L G Ramensky’s indicators values (moisture, soil fertility and salinity, pasture digression) was established. Species composition and characteristics of ecotopes in clusters is different. Further study of this shrub communities will reveal the syntaxonomic status.
Spatial distribution of planktonic ciliates in autumn at the Priplotinny Reach of the Kuibyshev Reservoir, the Volga River, Russia
Authors: Bykova S V
Published: July 2021

Spatial distribution of planktonic ciliates at the Priplotinny Reach of the Kuibyshev Reservoir (The Volga River, Russia), including the Usinsky Bay, was studied in detail at a vast station grid in the early-autumn period. The species diversity, species richness, abundance, biomass, and production of ciliates at the Priplotinny Reach were quite low, in contrast to those at the Usinsky Bay. At the Priplotinny Reach, the number of species per sample ranged as 3-23 species, abundance, as 18-356 cells L−1, and biomass, as 0.13-17.94 μg L−1. In the Usinsky Bay, these parameters were 17-38 species, 360-2284 cells L−1, and 5.2-61.4 μg L−1, respectively. Despite relative homogeneity of the hydrophysical conditions at the reach, a high variability in the quantitative characteristics of ciliate community was observed, probably due to local hydrological conditions. On the one hand, the peaks in the ciliates abundance coincided with the period of decrease of the water inflow, i.e., they were associated with the operating mode of hydroelectric power station, and on the other hand, they were caused by the direct influence of water masses of a large tributary. The structural organization of the ciliate community, in contrast to the general quantitative characteristics, was determined by local environment. An increasing role of bacteriovorous and histophagous ciliates was recorded in that areas characterized by high level of organic matter, particularly, in the area of conditional wastewater discharge, bridge construction, and tributary confluence. In general, the distribution of plankton ciliates at the Priplotinny Reach of the Kuibyshev Reservoir was largely influenced by the Usa River, which affected the redistribution of quantitative characteristics of the ciliate communities between the deep-water and shallow-water zones of the reach.
Spatial Distribution of COVID-19 Under the Influence of Environmental Factors: Correlation and Regression Analysis
Authors: Kostina N V , Kuznetsova R S , Rozenberg G S
Published: July 2021

Close monitoring of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 has become a “supplier” of large amounts of spatially distributed information. This, in turn, has led to the creation of many models for the development of a pandemic. We used official information on the incidence and mortality of COVID-19 for 24 regions (oblasts and republics) of the Volga basin of the Russian Federation. We performed multiple regression analysis to test the significance of the impact of 19 social, economic and environmental indicators. 10 parameters turned out to be statistically significant for the number of cases, among which social indicators make a significant contribution (63.19%). For the indicator “mortality from COVID-19”, we identified 15 statistically significant factors. At the same time, we note the prevalence of socio-economic parameters (58.4%) over the environmental ones (31.2%). Among the analyzed 19 indicators, there were no such indicators with the help of which it is possible to quickly influence the incidence and mortality from COVID-19. Vaccination of the population is still a topical remedy. Nevertheless, we consider the very approach to the study of spatially distributed information to be successful. By combining the efforts of infectious disease specialists, systemologists, ecologists and other specialists, one can hope to create a workable (predictive and manageable) model for the development of COVID-19.
Biodiversity of Birch Forests in Mariy Chodra National Park
Authors: Osmanova G O , Firulina I I , Rozenberg A G
Published: July 2021

In recent decades, the interest of scientists and the entire world community in the problems of studying and preserving biological diversity has increased. Fundamental knowledge about the flora and fauna of specific areas, especially protected natural areas, should become the basis for the rational use of biological diversity as a potential for their socio-economic development. The aim of this research is to characterize the typological, taxonomic and structural diversity of birch forests in Mariy Chodra National Park, the Republic of Mari El. In this paper, the authors carried out a comprehensive study of the birch forests of Mariy Chodra National Park, where such study has not been carried out before. The classification of birch forests is fraught with significant difficulties, since their overwhelming majority occurred by changing the most diverse associations of spruce, pine, and partly oak plantations. Moreover, the birch forests themselves represent only a certain stage of forest development. In natural environment, birch forests play a vital part in the restoration of pine and spruce plantations. One can combine the associations of birch plantations into the following groups: green moss birch forests, long moss birch forests, sphagnum birch forests, herbaceous birch forests, grassy marsh birch forests, complex birch forests. Of these associations, the most common are birch forests: with spruce undergrowth, linden and spruce-linden. Other associations occupy small areas and are found mainly in the zone of significant development of oak forest elements. In this paper, the authors analyzed for the first time the biodiversity of birch forests of Mariy Chodra National Park in The Mari El Republic. The authors identified 14 types of birch forests in rather contrasting habitat conditions. The assessment of ecological conditions also showed that the studied communities are in rather contrasting habitat conditions, which made it possible to more fully assess the diversity of the analyzed territory.
Ecological aspects of the formation of the helminth fauna of Perca fluviatilis (Actinopterygii: Perciformes) of the Usinsky Bay (Kuibyshev Reservoir, Russia)
Authors: Rubanova M V , Mukhortova O V
Published: July 2021

The fauna of the multicellular parasites of European perchPerca fluviatilis(Peciformes) of the Usinsky Bay of the Kuibyshev Reservoir was studied in 2019–2020; nine taxa of helminths were found. The parasite prevalence of most of the intestinal helminth species, associated with the zooplankton community, did not exceed 12–25%. In the fish with a body length of 117–200 mm, fish juveniles and benthos organisms played a significant role in the parasite transmission. The Usinsky Bay was a buffer zone at the margin of the “river-reservoir” system and had a specific hydrological regime. This promoted favorable conditions for the spreading of alien species of aquatic organisms in the ecosystem of the reservoir; in some cases this led to an increase in the invasion of indigenous fish (European perch) by invader parasites. As a result of this process, the invasive species of trematodeApophallus muehlingibecame dominant in the helminth fauna of the European perch. High degree of infestation of European perch by this parasite indicated wide distribution of its first intermediate host, the alien molluskLithoglyphus naticoides, in the Usinsky Bay. Other species of parasites, associated with this invader, were not found inPerca fluviatilis. Helminths of the European perch can be used as biological markers to identify migratory activity, the vector of the invasion of some alien species, the range of their hosts, the population abundance, and indirect infection by alien hosts in different water bodies of the Volga River basin.
Synthesis of new environmentally friendly thermoplastic polymers based on isoprene
Authors: Sablina N A , Ulyanova D M
Published: July 2021

A significant part of the roofing sealing materials produced in the industry contains organic solvents. The use of such roofing materials causes significant harm to the environment and human health. In this study, new thermoplastic isoprene polymers with a softening point temperature in the range from 80 to 120°C have been synthesized, which make it possible to manufacture roll roofing materials used in practice without solvents. The process of production of polymers is based on the cationic polymerization of isoprene using catalytic system ethylaluminum sesquichloride-tert-butyl chloride. Varying the polymerization conditions allows one to control the molecular characteristics and softening point temperature of the polymers. A pilot batch of rolled roofing material was produced on the basis of the obtained polymer. As a result of the tests, it was shown that for a number of physical and mechanical parameters, the pilot batch of roofing material surpasses the known compositions using aliphatic hydrocarbon resins of the trade mark “Hikorez”.
Dependence of diversity of floras on climate in the Middle Volga region
Authors: Sharaya L S , Ivanova A V , Aristova M A , Kuznetsova R S , Kostina N V , Rozenberg G S
Published: July 2021

Links with climate of richness of species (Ns), genera (Ng) and families (Nf) for 28 polygons each 400 km2 in Middle Volga were studied. Negative correlations with temperatures T and positive with precipitation P of the warm period were revealed, and T and P most strongly affected diversity. Closest links with climate were for Nf, and the least for Ns. We estimated gradients of T and P in four geographic directions. The most pronounced are northern cold-humid and southeastern thermo-arid trends. The northern trend is characterized by a decrease in T by 0.34°C and an increase in P by 17 mm per 100 km; southeast- with an increase in T by 0.27°C and a decrease in P by 15 mm. The cold-humid trend provides the most favorable conditions for the growth of diversity in the region. In it, Ns increased by 36, Ng-by 17, Nf-by 6 per 100 km. For floras with highest Nf and Ng, closer links with T, P and directions are revealed; in contrast to Ns. This indicates the ecological plasticity of the diversity, with different responses to climate variations for different taxonomic levels, which contribute to the preservation of diversity in a heterogeneous climate.
Ecological trends of spatial distribution and of size-morphological structure of bacteriobenthos in the Kuibyshev Reservoir, the Volga River, Russia
Authors: Sherysheva N G
Published: July 2021

The abundance and biomass of bacteriobenthos, as well as morphological and size structure of bacteriobenthos community have been studied in 2016 in the Kuibyshev Reservoir. Three areas of the reservoir, differing by the features of the spatial distribution of bacteriobenthos, were defined: the downstream area of lake-like reaches, the mixed area of the Volga and Kama rivers confluence, and the upstream area of variable backwater. Trends in the increase in the number and biomass of bacteria along the longitudinal axis from the upstream reaches to the dam were revealed in the downstream area of lake-like reaches and in the upstream area of variable backwater. The mixed area of the Volga and Kama rivers confluence was characterized by a patchy distribution of bacteriobenthos. The abundance of bacteria in the bottom sediments was 3.6-10.5 × 109 cells mL−1, biomass, 263-971 μg mL−1. There was an increase in the abundance and biomass of bacteria in the area of the Volga and Kama rivers confluence. In the morphological structure of bacteriobenthos, the main morphological group were bacilli, followed in importance by coccobacilli. The predominant size classes of bacteria were 0.2-0.5 μm, 0.5-1.0 μm, and 1.0-2.0 μm. A number of reliable correlations were obtained between the characteristics of bacteriobenthos and the grain-size composition of sediments, organic matter content, and humus content. The share of aleurite fraction, organic matter content, and humus content affect the trends in the spatial distribution of quantitative indicators of bacteria. Main morphological and size groups of bacteria were significantly related to certain size fractions of the mechanical composition of bottom sediments, which affects the spatial distribution of these groups along the bottom of the reservoir.
Spatial and temporal dynamics of phytoplankton community in the Sviyaga River, the Volga River basin, Russia
Authors: Tarasova N G
Published: July 2021

The phytoplankton communities of the Sviyaga River, the right-bank tributary of the Volga River, were studied. It was characterized by high taxonomic diversity. In total, 365 taxa of microalgae with a rank below genus were registered during the study period. Green algae and diatoms were the most diverse groups. The data obtained in 1984 and 2016 were compared; by the XXI century, the role of Planktotrichet-type algae has increased, as well as their share in the total species richness (by 10%). The distribution of the Ponto-Caspian invading diatom species Skeletonema subsalsum and Actinocyclus variabilis within the Volga River basin has been checked. These species were found in the estuarine phytoplankton communities of the Sviyaga River.