bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A network analysis study on the relationship between generalized anxiety symptoms, big five personality and perceived social support of Chinese residents during COVID-19
Authors: Yang Jiaqin , Man Xiaotong , Liu Chunlei
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Under the background of COVID-19, people’s mental health problems are concerned by researchers. Network analysis is a new method of exploring the interactions between mental health issues at the symptom level. This study investigates the network structure of generalized anxiety symptoms among Chinese residents during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of “society-family-personality,” and explores its relationship with the Big Five personality traits and perceived social support.

Methods

A multi-stage random sampling cross-sectional survey was conducted in 120 cities across China Mainland from July 10, 2021 to September 15, 2021, based on the PBICR database. The Big Five Scale (BFI-10), Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), and Generalized Anxiety Scale (GAD-7) were used for measurement. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the variables mentioned in this research, and network analysis was used to estimate the psychopathological network of the three variables.

Results

A total of 11,031 subjects were included in the study, with 17% of individuals suffering from severe generalized anxiety symptoms. The results showed a correlation between the three research variables, and it was found that perceived social support in both dimensions and agreeableness of the Big Five personality traits were at the center of the network, with a significant impact on the overall network. There is a positive correlation between agreeableness and family support, but a negative correlation with generalized anxiety symptoms. Agreeableness serves as an indicator linking the other two variables; No significant gender differences were found through gender network testing.

Conclusion

According to this study, we believe that interventions in family atmosphere and social interaction can be used to prevent symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. The limitation of this study is that it cannot determine the causal relationship between variables and its generalizability in general contexts has not been confirmed. Future research can further explore its directionality based on this study and consider the influence of cultural factors to extend its applicability to other backgrounds.
Integrating generative adversarial networks with IoT for adaptive AI-powered personalized elderly care in smart homes
Authors: Naseer Fawad , Addas Abdullah , Tahir Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Nasir , Sattar Noreen
Published: February 2025

The need for effective and personalized in-home solutions will continue to rise with the world population of elderly individuals expected to surpass 1.6 billion by the year 2050. The study presents a system that merges Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) with IoT-enabled adaptive artificial intelligence (AI) framework for transforming personalized elderly care within the smart home environment. The reason for the application of GANs is to generate synthetic health data, which in turn addresses the scarcity of data, especially of some rare but critical conditions, and helps enhance the predictive accuracy of the system. Continuous data collection from IoT sensors, including wearable sensors (e.g., heart rate monitors, pulse oximeters) and environmental sensors (e.g., temperature, humidity, and gas detectors), enables the system to track vital indications of health, activities, and environment for early warnings and personalized suggestions through real-time analysis. The AI adapts to the unique pattern of healthy and behavioral habits in every individual’s lifestyle, hence offering personalized prompts, reminders, and sends off emergency alert notifications to the caregiver or health provider, when required. We were showing significant improvements like 30% faster detection of risk conditions in a large-scale real-world test setup, and 25% faster response times compared with other solutions. GANs applied to the synthesis of data enable more robust and accurate predictive models, ensuring privacy with the generation of realistic yet anonymized health profiles. The system merges state-of-the-art AI with GAN technology in advancing elderly care in a proactive, dignified, secure environment that allows improved quality of life and greater independence for the aging individual. The work hence provides a novel framework for the utilization of GAN in personalized healthcare and points out that this will help reshape elderly care in IoT-enabled “smart” homes.
Mapping of long COVID condition in India: a study protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jain Nidhi , Shah Komal , Chauhan Roshani , Gupta Abhishek , Arora Priyanka , Saxena Deepak , Mavalankar Dileep
Published: February 2025

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has reported significant alarming aftereffects experienced by some individuals following acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, commonly referred to as long COVID. Long COVID is a set of symptoms that remain for weeks or months, after the initial phase of COVID-19 infection is ended.

Objective

This study protocol outlines the methodology of a systematic review followed by a meta-analysis to comprehensively assess the chronic effects of COVID-19 infection on the Indian population and determine the likely risk factors connected to the development and persistence of long COVID.

Methodology

This study will employ comprehensive search through a custom-made search strategy across significant databases (PubMed, MEDLINE etc.) and grey literature to identify related literature from January 2020 to December 2023. A systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted to synthesize data from various studies. The data synthesis will involve a comprehensive narrative and tabular presentation of outcome data from included studies, focusing on long-term effects of COVID-19 infection in Indian population. A meta-analysis will be conducted contingent upon the availability and suitability of data. If sufficient and comparable quantitative data are identified across the included studies, statistical synthesis will be undertaken. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses will manage confounders, while MedCalc software will facilitate a meta-analysis to assess pooled data. Publication bias will be evaluated using statistical tests to ensure the integrity of the findings. In the absence of adequate data, a narrative synthesis will be performed to summarize the findings systematically and transparently.

Conclusion

The anticipated findings will contribute to a refined understanding of this condition and its lingering symptoms, guiding healthcare interventions and future research endeavors to mitigate the impact of long COVID in the Indian population.
Grand challenges for burrowing soft robots
Authors: Le Caitlin L. , Yirmibesoglu Osman Dogan , Even Sean , Buckner Trevor , Ozkan-Aydin Yasemin , Kramer-Bottiglio Rebecca
Published: February 2025

Robotic burrowing holds promise for applications in agriculture, resource extraction, and infrastructure development, but current approaches are ineffective, inefficient, or cause significant environmental disruption. In contrast, natural burrowers penetrate substrates with minimal disturbance, providing biomechanical principles that could inspire more efficient and sustainable mechanisms. A notable feature of many natural burrowers is their reliance on soft body compositions, raising the question of whether softness contributes to their burrowing success. This review explores the role of soft materials in biological burrowing and their implications for robotic design. We examine the mechanisms that soft-bodied organisms and soft robots employ for submerging and subterranean locomotion, focusing on how softness enhances efficiency and adaptability in granular media. We analyze the gaps between the capabilities of natural burrowers and soft robotic burrowers, identify grand challenges, and propose opportunities to enhance robotic burrowing performance. By bridging biological principles with engineering innovation, this review aims to inform the development of next-generation burrowing robots capable of operating with the efficiency and efficacy seen in nature.
Outdoor recreation, nature-based tourism and food: experiences and adaptations in the hospitality industry during the COVID-19 pandemic—a review
Authors: Calvén Anna , Beery Thomas , Kristofers Hannah , Johansson Marcus , Carlbäck Mats , Wendin Karin
Published: February 2025

During the COVID-19 pandemic, participation in outdoor recreation increased in several countries, with nature taking on an expanded role as a social space for meetings and activities with food. This development may have created opportunities for nature-based hospitality providers to navigate the pandemic crisis. This review examines how food and eating were part of outdoor recreation and nature-based tourism during COVID-19, focusing on hospitality providers in rural Sweden. A literature search was performed for research articles, newspapers, and magazine articles. The results show creativity in adapting to new outdoor and nature tourism situations. The main findings that emerged focused on local and national guests, preventing the spread of infection, food as part of the experience in nature, experience packages, comfort, local food, food trucks and takeaway food, and other hospitality industry changes. Trends observed before COVID-19 but accelerating during the pandemic were also highlighted. Further research is needed to improve our understanding of food as part of outdoor recreation and nature-based tourism and how this knowledge can support sustainable thinking in the hospitality sector while contributing to resilient rural development.
Case report: Resolution of lameness via compartmental resection of a malignant nerve sheath neoplasm of the median nerve in a dog
Authors: Smith Jeffery , Kent Marc , Glass Eric , Davis Garrett
Published: February 2025

A 7-year-old golden retriever was evaluated for a 6-month history of progressive right thoracic limb lameness. A lameness (grade 3 out of 5 on visual gait analysis) and pain with palpation of the medial aspect of the brachium proximal to the elbow were identified on exam. Magnetic resonance imaging of the right thoracic limb revealed a well-delineated, ovoid mass arising from the median nerve just proximal to the elbow. Compartmental resection of the mass with limb preservation was performed. Microscopically, the mass was a malignant nerve sheath neoplasm. One week postoperatively, the lameness was mild (grade 1). Three months postoperatively, the lameness had resolved (grade 0). One year postoperatively, the dog’s gait remains normal. Malignant nerve sheath neoplasms commonly arise in the brachial plexus or cervical spinal nerves, often affecting the innervation provided by the radial nerve. Given its role in providing weight support, dysfunction of the radial nerve significantly impacts the gait. Conversely, dysfunction of the median nerve should not impair the gait. In the present case, compartmental resection of the neoplasm affecting the median nerve resolved the dog’s lameness. The return of normal limb function supports the contention that the lameness was consequent to general somatic afferent dysfunction, neuropathic pain, rather than general somatic efferent function (paresis).
Energy-Coupling-Based Control for Unmanned Quadrotor Transportation Systems: Exploiting Beneficial State-Coupling Effects
Authors: Han Lincong , Zhou Zengcheng , Li Ming , Geng Haokun , Li Gang , Zhang Menghua
Published: February 2025

Cable suspension transport is a crucial method for quadrotors to transport goods and materials. During transportation, the quadrotor transport system (QTS) faces external disturbances and system uncertainties. Particularly, the underactuated nature of the system poses significant challenges to its stable operation. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a hierarchical control scheme that enhances coupling and leverages advantageous state-coupling to achieve precise positioning and eliminate payload swings for QTS. By leveraging the cascading characteristics of QTS, the design process is greatly simplified through the separate design of the torque input for the inner loop and the force input for the outer loop. Simulation results demonstrate the effective control performance of this method.
Effects of Fish Bone Meal Supplementation on Growth Performance, Blood Immunity, Intestinal Morphology, and Gut Microbiota in Laying Hens
Authors: Wu Kangle , Wang Fang , Yang Shihang , Zhang Chongyang , Xie Meizhu , Li Jiayang , Yin Yulong , Yao Kang
Published: February 2025

The poultry industry relies heavily on soybean meal to feed egg-laying chickens, but its high cost and price instability necessitate the exploration of more affordable and reliable alternatives. Fish bone meal, a nutritious byproduct from fish processing, offers high-quality protein and essential minerals, making it a promising addition to poultry diets. In this study, 240 Hy-Line Brown laying hens (31 weeks old, average weight 1.90 ± 0.1 kg, egg laying 11 weeks) were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments for 12 weeks: one group received a regular diet, while the other was fed a diet containing 3% fish bone meal. Each treatment included 12 replicates with 10 hens per replicate, and all birds were maintained under identical environmental conditions using a completely randomized experimental design. The results showed that hens fed the fish bone meal diet produced more eggs (p < 0.05) and had heavier yolks (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. Furthermore, intestinal health indicators, including villus height and crypt depth, were significantly improved (p < 0.05), along with enhanced immune markers (p < 0.05) in the fish bone meal group. However, no significant differences were observed in other egg quality parameters or feed conversion efficiency between the two groups (p > 0.05). These findings demonstrate that fish bone meal can improve egg production, yolk quality, intestinal health, and immune function in laying hens.
Prophage ϕSA169 Enhances Vancomycin Persistence in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Authors: Li Yi , Berti Andrew D. , Abdelhady Wessam , Xiong Yan Q.
Published: February 2025

Background: Persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) endovascular infections present a significant clinical therapeutic challenge. Prophages are increasingly recognized as important genetic factors influencing the pathogenicity of S. aureus, yet their role in antibiotic persistence in MRSA remains underexplored. Our previous work demonstrated that prophage ϕSA169 promotes vancomycin (VAN) persistence in an experimental model of endocarditis caused by MRSA strains with a clonal complex (CC) 45 genetic background. However, it is unknown whether this persistence-promoting effect of ϕSA169 extends to other clinically relevant MRSA lineages. This study aims to elucidate the role of ϕSA169 in influencing VAN persistence across diverse MRSA genetic backgrounds. Methods: A pilot analysis of clinical data suggested that patients infected by MRSA containing ϕSA169-like prophage appear to have worse clinical outcomes. Thus, we lysogenized representative clinical resolving bacteremia (RB) MRSA strains with ϕSA169 and evaluated phenotypes closely associated with VAN persistence, including VAN susceptibility, biofilm formation, and the efficacy of VAN treatment in an experimental infective endocarditis (IE) model. Each ϕSA169 lysogenic strain was compared to its isogenic MRSA parental counterpart. Results: ϕSA169 lysogeny significantly promotes biofilm formation and enhances survival to VAN exposure under human-mimicking conditions for RB strains from CC5 and CC30. ϕSA169 lysogeny significantly reduces VAN effectiveness in the IE model due to RB lysogen from CC5 despite no detectable impact on VAN MICs. Conclusions: These results indicate that ϕSA169 promotes VAN persistence across clonal backgrounds, likely through biofilm formation and VAN tolerance. Targeting prophage could provide new strategies to combat persistent MRSA infections.
Chronic Wound Initiation: Single-Cell RNAseq of Cutaneous Wound Tissue and Contributions of Oxidative Stress to Initiation of Chronicity
Authors: Jabbari Parnian , Kim Jane H. , Le Brandon H. , Zhang Wei , Zhang Huimin , Martins-Green Manuela
Published: February 2025

Chronic wounds (CWs) in humans affect millions of people in the US alone, cost billions of dollars, cause much suffering, and still there are no effective treatments. Patients seek medical care when wound chronicity is already established, making it impossible to investigate factors that initiate chronicity. In this study, we used a diabetic mouse model of CWs that mimics many aspects of chronicity in humans. We performed scRNAseq to compare the cell composition and function during the first 72 h post-injury and profiled 102,737 cells into clusters of all major cell types involved in healing. We found two types of fibroblasts. Fib 1 (pro-healing) was enriched in non-CWs (NCWs) whereas Fib 2 (non-healing) was in CWs. Both showed disrupted proliferation and migration, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in CWs. We identified several subtypes of keratinocytes, all of which were more abundant in NCWs, except for Channel-related keratinocytes, and showed altered migration, apoptosis, and response to oxidative stress (OS) in CWs. Vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells were both less abundant in CWs and both had impaired migration affecting the development of endothelial and lymphatic microvessels. Study of immune cells showed that neutrophils and mast cells are less abundant in CWs and that NCWs contained more proinflammatory macrophages (M1) whereas CWs were enriched in anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2). Also, several genes involved in mitochondrial function were abnormally expressed in CWs, suggesting impaired mitochondrial function and/or higher OS. Heat shock proteins needed for response to OS were downregulated in CWs, potentially leading to higher cellular damage. In conclusion, the initiation of chronicity is multifactorial and involves various cell types and cellular functions, indicating that one type of treatment will not fix all problems, unless the root cause is fundamental to the cell and molecular mechanisms of healing. We propose that such a fundamental process is high OS and its association with wound infection/biofilm.
Depositional History Reconstruction of the Miocene Formations in the Carpathian Foredeep Area Based on the Integration of Seismostratigraphic and Chemostratigraphic Interpretation
Authors: Łaba-Biel Anna , Urbaniec Andrzej , Kubik Benedykt , Kwietniak Anna , Bartoń Robert
Published: February 2025

Detailed recognition of the paleoenvironment of sedimentation for the monotonous series of heterolithic sediments of the Machow Formation in the central part of the Carpathian Foredeep is still relatively poor. This study presents an unconventional approach of integrating results of seismostratigraphic interpretation with conclusions from analyses of chemostratigraphic profiles in boreholes. The results obtained from the studies allowed the resolution of the seismic data to be increased, enabling it to be accurately tied to the well data. The studies showed a high consistency between results obtained by the two methods mentioned above, and their combination provided a range of additional information and conclusions that could not be drawn from using a single method. The possibility of correlating interpreted sedimentary sequences with specific elements of the paleoenvironment and stages of the depositional history of the analyzed sedimentary basin was also demonstrated. An important benefit of the integrated interpretation methodology used is the possibility to recognize an apparently monotonous profile of heterolithic formations, which was previously not possible with standard interpretation methods.
Three-Dimensionally Printed Gypsum Located Within Micro-Encapsulated Phase Change Material: Thermal Conductivity Benefits of Selective Activation Technique
Authors: El Yassi Marwa , Pierre Alexandre , Danché Valentine , Darcherif Ikram , Mélinge Yannick
Published: February 2025

The widespread occurrence of encapsulated phase change materials (PCMs) within a mineral matrix has been demonstrated to improve the thermo-physical properties of final products. The upscaling of such materials has not yet been achieved, as traditional onsite mixing and casting processes could damage the capsule, leading to a leakage of the active content and then a deterioration of the final element. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the influence of selectively depositing a layer of PCM on plaster, through a powder bed 3D printing process, on its density and thermal conductivity. A home-made selective-binding 3D printer has been used to assess samples of composites of calcium sulfate and encapsulated PCM. Thermal conductivity and Scanning Electron Microscope measurements were carried out on pure calcium sulfate as well as on a mix design containing a 5% mass ratio of PCM. The SEM measurements highlight that the PCM shells are undamaged by the selective-binding 3D printing process compared to the traditional mixing and casting process. Also, the 3D-printed composite material demonstrates a thermal conductivity reduction of 39%, which is linked to the 17% decrease in density. This applicative study validates the idea of designing functionally composite construction materials with phase change materials inserted as a thin layer between printed plaster layers and also demonstrates the great potential of this innovative selective-binding 3D printing technique.
Dam Deformation Monitoring Model Based on Deep Learning and Split Conformal Quantile Prediction
Authors: Su Yan , Fu Jiayuan , Lin Weiwei , Lin Chuan , Lai Xiaohe , Xie Xiudong
Published: February 2025

The construction of an interval prediction model capable of explaining deformation uncertainties is crucial for the long-term safe operation of dams. High effective coverage and narrow interval coverage widths are two key benchmarks to ensure that the prediction interval (PI) can accurately quantify deformation uncertainties. The vast majority of existing models neglect to control the interval coverage width, and overly wide PIs can cause decision confusion when operators are developing safety plans for hydraulic structures. To address this problem, this paper proposes a novel interval prediction model combining bidirectional long-short-term memory network (Bi-LSTM) and split conformal quantile prediction (SCQP) for dam deformation prediction. The model uses Bi-LSTM as a benchmark regressor to extract and explain the nonlinear feature of dam deformation in the continuous time domain. SCQP is used to quantify the uncertainties in dam deformation prediction to ensure that the constructed PI can achieve high effective coverage while further improving the accuracy of the quantification of deformation uncertainties. The effectiveness of the proposed model is validated using deformation monitoring data collected from an arch dam in China. The results show that the average prediction interval effective coverage (PICP) of the proposed model is as high as 0.951 while the mean prediction interval width (MPIW) and coverage width-based criterion (CWC) are both only 5.815 mm. Compared with other models, the proposed method can construct higher-quality PIs, thus providing a better service for the safety assessment of dams.
Improving the Performance Prediction of Process Simulation Models for TBM Tunneling Using Real-Time Project Data
Authors: Jodehl Annika , Berns Judith , Thewes Markus , König Markus
Published: February 2025

The planning of production, logistics, and maintenance in mechanized tunneling relies on project-specific conditions and assumptions about numerous production parameters. Analyzing multiple scenarios for TBM production is crucial for ensuring robust project flow. Process simulation models are valuable for this analysis. However, deviations from the plan often occur due to uncertainties in initial assumptions and unforeseen events during construction, especially given the variable ground conditions in TBM tunneling. This paper presents a concept for adapting offline simulation models used in the planning phase for real-time optimization by integrating actual project data. Continuously updating these models with new data from the construction site improves performance predictions. The concept involves integrating current construction progress into the simulation model and updating the originally assumed input data with project-specific actual data. An example study demonstrates the continuous adjustment of a simulation model and its impact on project duration prognosis. The enhancement of the prognosis by integrating real-time data is investigated, and an initial assessment of the earliest possible time for an update is made. The benefits of using real-time data in process simulation during construction are discussed, highlighting the improved accuracy in performance prediction and the potential for more efficient project management.
Modelling Systems with a Finite-Capacity Queue: A Theoretical Investigation into the Design and Operation of Real Systems
Authors: Raicu Serban , Costescu Dorinela , Popa Mihaela
Published: February 2025

This study investigates M/M/n:(m/FIFO) systems with a limited queue capacity (incorporating both “waiting and rejection”). This category of systems can be considered to be mixed-service systems. They operate as queuing systems for customers admitted to the system awaiting service, as well as systems that implement rejection or loss for customers who are denied when the system is full (when all servers and the buffer capacity are occupied). The correlation between the system size and a set of performance measures is analysed for the given arrival and service rates. The system size is determined based on a threshold rate of rejected customers. The correlation between the buffer size and the utilisation factor has direct relevance in the design of real systems (e.g., when the dynamics of the arrival rate can be estimated, it provides a solution for phasing the building of physical waiting places for a specific service capacity). In addition, the analysis of customer rejection probability and average waiting time as a function of the effective utilisation factor could yield practical insights for designing and operating real systems. The second part of this study presents a model for optimising the size of a multi-server system with a finite queue capacity. Initially, the number of servers is determined, assuming that the existing situation does not allow for an increase in the buffer capacity. Then, the case in which both server and buffer capacities become decision variables is presented. The operating losses (which are more straightforward to measure than the related costs) are used as an optimisation criterion.
Gain Analysis of Self-Fitting Over-the-Counter Hearing Aids: A Comparative and Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Knoetze Megan , Manchaiah Vinaya , Cormier Kayla , Schimmel Carly , Sharma Anu , Swanepoel De Wet
Published: February 2025

Objectives: To investigate the gain provided by self-fitting over-the-counter (SF-OTC) hearing aids compared to clinical NAL-NL2 targets, the differences between various FDA-approved SF-OTC devices, and potential changes in gain over time. Methods: Two experiments were conducted: (1) a cross-sectional comparison of six SF-OTC hearing aids (n = 43) and (2) a longitudinal evaluation of gain within five days of self-fitting and four additional time points (n = 15). Real-ear measurements (REMs) were used to measure gain. Results: SF-OTC hearing aid gain corresponded with 10 dB SPL but not 5 dB SPL criteria from NAL-NL2 targets. Differences between NAL-NL2 targets and gain did not differ significantly between devices. There were no significant changes in gain over time for any input level. Conclusions: SF-OTC hearing aids generally provide user-selected gain levels lower than clinical targets, particularly at higher frequencies. The gain remains stable over time, indicating limited user adjustment after initial fitting. OTC hearing aid manufacturers should consider implementing fitting algorithms that allow for gradual user acclimatization.
New Sparkling Wines from Traditional Grape Varieties and Native Yeasts: Focusing on Wine Identity to Address the Industry’s Crisis
Authors: Basile Teodora , Debiase Giambattista , Mazzone Francesco , Scarano Leonardo , Marsico Antonio Domenico , Cardone Maria Francesca
Published: February 2025

The objective of this research was the production of new sparkling wines using either commercial or native yeast strains along with traditional Italian grape varieties. This approach preserves the unique character of the region, represented by the typical grape varieties, and incorporates the concept of “microbial terroir”, which is linked to the native yeasts. The wines produced have been analyzed for conventional parameters such as pH, titratable acidity, volatile acidity, alcohol content, and residual sugar, as well as for their aromatic profile through GC-MS analysis. To evaluate the acceptance of the wines, a sensory analysis was conducted, and NIR spectra were collected to identify the factors influencing their preferences. Two varieties, Fiano and Falanghina, produced sparkling wines well appreciated with pleasant floral and white fruit notes. The positive reception of these innovative sparkling wines was connected to their chemical composition, offering valuable insights into the future production of similar products.
Electromagnetic Fields, Electrical Stimulation, and Vacuum Simultaneously Applied for Major Burn Scars
Authors: Marafioti Salvatore , Veronese Sheila , Pecorella Claudio , Tavernese Carlo Felice , Costantino Sara , Busoni Maurizio , Sbarbati Andrea
Published: February 2025

Background: Regeneration in the case of major burn subjects must involve tissue and structural regeneration, but also functional regeneration, as scars derived from burns often compromise motility. Electromagnetic fields and electrical stimulation may be a possible treatment for these cases, considering they cause a thermal effect and magneto-mechanical transduction first and selective tissue stimulation second. Methods: A case of a majorly burned woman with severe motor deficits, treated with electromagnetic fields and electrical stimulation in vacuum, associated with a personalized nutritional program, was described. The latter was necessary to favor weight loss with the preservation of the weakened structure. Ultrasonography, Doppler ultrasound, and body composition were measured. Moreover, postural evaluation was performed. Results: Immediately after the treatment, a restructuring of all tissue was seen. After 6 months, the tissue regeneration was evident, with neo-angiogenesis. From the functional point of view, her motility improved, and she stopped using a walker. Conclusions: The combined therapy allows her to obtain unthinkable results in a short time. For this reason, it could become the elective treatment for major burn scars.
Minimizing Stress in White Sharks: Non-Invasive Epidermal Biopsies for Isotopic and Vitellogenin Analyses
Authors: Consales Guia , Campani Tommaso , Di Noi Agata , Garofalo Marco , Di Marcantonio Eduardo , Reinero Francesca Romana , Casini Silvia , Dallai Luigi , Sperone Emilio , Marsili Letizia , Micarelli Primo
Published: February 2025

The great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias), a keystone predator vital to marine ecosystem stability, is increasingly exposed to anthropogenic threats, including endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). This study highlights the use of non-invasive epidermal biopsies to assess physiological and ecological parameters in 28 live specimens sampled from the Dyer Island Nature Reserve, South Africa. Epidermal tissue was analyzed for vitellogenin (Vtg), a biomarker of estrogenic exposure, while dermal tissue was used for stable isotope analyses of carbon and nitrogen, essential for understanding the feeding habitat of white sharks. Vitellogenin, typically restricted to sexually mature females, was unexpectedly detected in males and immature females, indicating significant exposure to estrogenic pollutants. This finding raises concerns about the potential reproductive and population-level impacts on this vulnerable species. Stable isotope analyses confirmed that dermal tissue alone is sufficient for trophic studies, eliminating the need for deeper muscle sampling. By demonstrating that epidermal and dermal tissues provide critical data for both biomarkers and isotopic studies, this research supports the adoption of minimally invasive techniques. Shallower biopsies reduce stress on the animals, making this method a valuable tool for conservation research and management of C. carcharias.
Complex Spiking Neural Network Evaluated by Injury Resistance Under Stochastic Attacks
Authors: Guo Lei , Li Chongming , Liu Huan , Song Yihua
Published: February 2025

Background: Brain-inspired models are commonly employed for artificial intelligence. However, the complex environment can hinder the performance of electronic equipment. Therefore, enhancing the injury resistance of brain-inspired models is a crucial issue. Human brains have self-adaptive abilities under injury, so drawing on the advantages of the human brain to construct a brain-inspired model is intended to enhance its injury resistance. But current brain-inspired models still lack bio-plausibility, meaning they do not sufficiently draw on real neural systems’ structure or function. Methods: To address this challenge, this paper proposes the complex spiking neural network (Com-SNN) as a brain-inspired model, in which the topology is inspired by the topological characteristics of biological functional brain networks, the nodes are Izhikevich neuron models, and the edges are synaptic plasticity models with time delay co-regulated by excitatory synapses and inhibitory synapses. To evaluate the injury resistance of the Com-SNN, two injury-resistance metrics are investigated and compared with SNNs with alternative topologies under the stochastic removal of neuron models to simulate the consequence of stochastic attacks. In addition, the injury-resistance mechanism of brain-inspired models remains unclear, and revealing the mechanism is crucial for understanding the development of SNNs with injury resistance. To address this challenge, this paper analyzes the synaptic plasticity dynamic regulation and dynamic topological characteristics of the Com-SNN under stochastic attacks. Results: The experimental results indicate that the injury resistance of the Com-SNN is superior to that of other SNNs, demonstrating that our results can help improve the injury resistance of SNNs. Conclusions: Our results imply that synaptic plasticity is an intrinsic element impacting injury resistance, and that network topology is another element that impacts injury resistance.
Study of Different Recycling Approaches for Gypsum-Based Composites with Recycled Rubber Aggregates
Authors: Ferrández Daniel , Zaragoza-Benzal Alicia , Atanes-Sánchez Evangelina , Merillas Beatriz , Mateus Ricardo , Santos Paulo
Published: February 2025

The worldwide demand for gypsum resources is continuously growing due to its versatility in the building industry. In this context, incorporating recycled aggregates is gaining attention for enhancing the physico-mechanical properties of gypsum-based composites. Recycled rubber aggregates have stood out in recent decades as a common option in the development of prefabricated panels and sheets. This study presents a design of gypsum-based composites in which 20 to 40% of the volume of the binding material has been replaced with recycled rubber in two different formats: granulates (1.0–2.5 mm) and powder (<0.8 mm). Three series of composites have been developed to explore their recyclability: Series 1, recycled rubber aggregates and commercial gypsum; Series 2, recycled rubber aggregates (by trituration of samples from Series 1) and commercial gypsum; and Series 3, 100% recycled gypsum and rubber aggregates. All the composites surpass the minimum values of flexural and compressive strength (1 and 2 MPa, respectively) indicated by the normative result. Furthermore, the physicochemical characterisation showed the effectiveness of the recycling process of the triturated dihydrate for obtaining the hemihydrate. A study of the environmental impact revealed a 60% reduction in CO2 emissions, the equivalent of producing 1 m2 of prefabricated board using traditional gypsum. Therefore, this research outlines the potential of gypsum recycling with recycled rubber aggregates, thus promoting the circularity of construction products and decreasing the building’s environmental footprint. This represents a novelty compared to current studies, which are more oriented towards recycling and recovery of waste from conventional plasterboards.
Technical Review of Solar Distribution Calculation Methods: Enhancing Simulation Accuracy for High-Performance and Sustainable Buildings
Authors: Rocha Ana Paula de Almeida , Oliveira Ricardo C. L. F. , Mendes Nathan
Published: February 2025

Solar energy utilization in buildings can significantly contribute to energy savings and enhance on-site energy production. However, excessive solar gains may lead to overheating, thereby increasing cooling demands. Accurate calculation of sunlit and shaded areas is essential for optimizing solar technologies and improving the precision of building energy simulations. This paper provides a review of the solar shading calculation methods used in building performance simulation (BPS) tools, focusing on the progression from basic trigonometric models to advanced techniques such as projection and clipping (PgC) and pixel counting (PxC). These advancements have improved the accuracy and efficiency of solar shading simulations, enhancing energy performance and occupant comfort. As building designs evolve and adaptive shading systems become more common, challenges remain in ensuring that these methods can handle complex geometries and dynamic solar exposure. The PxC method, leveraging modern GPUs and parallel computing, offers a solution by providing real-time high-resolution simulations, even for irregular, non-convex surfaces. This ability to handle continuous updates positions PxC as a key tool for next-generation building energy simulations, ensuring that shading systems can adjust to changing solar conditions. Future research could focus on integrating appropriate modeling approaches with AI technologies to enhance accuracy, reliability, and computational efficiency.
Photodegradation of Emerging Pollutants Using a Quaternary Mixed Oxide Catalyst Derived from Its Corresponding Hydrotalcite
Authors: Castro L. V. , Alcántar-Vázquez B. , Manríquez M. E. , Albiter E. , Ortiz-Islas E.
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to synthesize a multicationic hydrotalcite and transform it into mixed oxide nanostructures (ZnO/TiO2/CeO2/Al2O3, referred to as MixO) to serve as a heterogeneous photocatalyst for degrading various pollutants, including methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO), paracetamol (PA), and paraquat (PQ). The hydrotalcite was synthesized via an ultrasound-assisted method and calcined at 700 °C to obtain the corresponding mixed metal oxide. A comprehensive characterization of both the multicationic hydrotalcite (MC-LDH) and the mixed metal oxides (MixO) was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), N2 adsorption–desorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and pHPZC analysis. The MixO sample exhibited an optical bandgap of 3.19 eV. Photocatalytic performance was evaluated during 240 min of UV irradiation, demonstrating high degradation efficiencies attributable to the synergistic interactions among ZnO, TiO2, and CeO2. Degradation efficiencies reached 99.3% for MO and 95.2% for MB, while PA and PQ showed moderate degradation rates of 60% and 15%, respectively. The degradation kinetics of all pollutant compounds followed the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model. Additionally, the MixO catalyst maintained consistent performance over four consecutive degradation cycles, highlighting its reusability and stability. These findings underscore the potential of MixO mixed oxide nanostructures as practical and recyclable photocatalysts for environmental remediation, particularly in wastewater treatment applications.
Promoting Effect of Copper Doping on LaMO3 (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) Perovskite-Supported Gold Catalysts for Selective Gas-Phase Ethanol Oxidation
Authors: Yue Lijun , Wang Jie , Liu Peng
Published: February 2025

Developing more effective gold–support synergy is essential for enhancing the catalytic performance of supported gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the gas-phase oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde (AC) at lower temperatures. This study demonstrates a significantly improved Au–support synergy achieved by copper doping in LaMO3 (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) perovskites. Among the various Au/LaMCuO3 catalysts, Au/LaMnCuO3 exhibited exceptional catalytic activity, achieving an AC yield of up to 91% and the highest space-time yield of 764 gAC gAu−1 h−1 at 225 °C. Notably, this catalyst showed excellent hydrothermal stability, maintaining performance for at least 100 h without significant deactivation when fed with 50% aqueous ethanol. Comprehensive characterization reveals that Cu doping facilitates the formation of surface oxygen vacancies on the Au/LaMCuO3 catalysts and enhances Au–support interactions. The LaMnCuO3 perovskite stabilizes the crucial Cu+ species, resulting in a stable Au-Mn-Cu synergy within the Au/LaMnCuO3 catalyst, which facilitates the activation of O2 and ethanol at lower temperatures. The optimization of the reaction conditions further improves AC productivity. Kinetic studies indicate that the cleavages of both the O-H bond and the α-C-H bond of ethanol are the rate-controlling steps.
Fibromyalgia and Inflammation: Unrevealing the Connection
Authors: García-Domínguez Mario
Published: February 2025

Fibromyalgia represents a chronic pain pathology characterized by severe musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, disturbances in sleep, and cognitive issues. Despite its presence, the underlying mechanisms of fibromyalgia remain inadequately understood; however, recent investigations have suggested that inflammation could play a fundamental role in the pathophysiology of this condition. Several studies highlight elevated concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, dysregulation of immune responses, and neuroinflammation in fibromyalgia patients. Furthermore, chronic low-grade inflammation has been proposed as a potential catalyst for the sensitization of pain pathways, which exacerbates the symptoms of fibromyalgia. Understanding the role of inflammation in this disease might open new avenues for therapeutic interventions while providing a more profound insight into the complex nature of this debilitating disorder. Although progress has been made, further research is needed to uncover the complexities involved. This review investigates the intricate relationship between inflammation and fibromyalgia, analyzing the evidence that supports the involvement of both peripheral and central inflammatory processes in the onset and persistence of the disorder.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Yang Han-Mo
Published: February 2025

Mitochondrial dysfunction represents a pivotal characteristic of numerous neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. These conditions, distinguished by unique clinical and pathological features, exhibit shared pathways leading to neuronal damage, all of which are closely associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. The high metabolic requirements of neurons make even minor mitochondrial deficiencies highly impactful, driving oxidative stress, energy deficits, and aberrant protein processing. Growing evidence from genetic, biochemical, and cellular investigations associates impaired electron transport chain activity and disrupted quality-control mechanisms, such as mitophagy, with the initial phases of disease progression. Furthermore, the overproduction of reactive oxygen species and persistent neuroinflammation can establish feedforward cycles that exacerbate neuronal deterioration. Recent clinical research has increasingly focused on interventions aimed at enhancing mitochondrial resilience—through antioxidants, small molecules that modulate the balance of mitochondrial fusion and fission, or gene-based therapeutic strategies. Concurrently, initiatives to identify dependable mitochondrial biomarkers seek to detect pathological changes prior to the manifestation of overt symptoms. By integrating the current body of knowledge, this review emphasizes the critical role of preserving mitochondrial homeostasis as a viable therapeutic approach. It also addresses the complexities of translating these findings into clinical practice and underscores the potential of innovative strategies designed to delay or potentially halt neurodegenerative processes.
The Development of Standardized National Head Circumference Growth Charts for Jordanian Children Aged 0–5 Years: A Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Al-Qerem Walid , Jarab Anan , Al-Azayzih Ahmad , Eberhardt Judith , Zumot Ruba , Alasmari Fawaz , Hammad Alaa
Published: February 2025

Background: Head circumference (HC) is a key indicator of growth and brain development in children, used to identify abnormalities like microcephaly and macrocephaly. While WHO growth standards are widely adopted, they may not account for regional variations due to genetic, environmental, and socio-economic factors. This study aimed to develop and validate national HC growth charts for Jordanian children aged 0–5 years and compare them with WHO standards. Method: This study analyzed 628,456 HC measurements from 250,276 Jordanian children (51.6% boys, 48.4% girls) aged 0–1800 days, using data from the Hakeem program. Only healthy children were included. HC measurements followed international guidelines, and data were analyzed using the Lambda–Mu–Sigma (LMS) statistical method. Percentiles were calculated, and growth patterns were compared with WHO standards. Results: National HC-for-age growth charts were developed for the 3rd, 15th, 50th, 85th, and 97th percentiles. Median percentiles for Jordanian children aligned with WHO standards, but the 3rd percentile was lower, particularly for girls after 840 days. The 97th percentile diverged after 240 days, with larger HC measurements observed in Jordanian children. Conclusions: This study provides the first validated HC growth charts for Jordanian children, addressing the limitations of international standards in reflecting regional variations. These charts offer clinicians and public health professionals a precise tool for assessing and monitoring growth, promoting better health outcomes in Jordanian children.