bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Water-Conducting Fractured Zone in Jiaojia Gold Mine With Deep Mining Based on Constitutive Model
Authors: Pang Chuming , Wang Ying , Shi Longqing
Published: May 2021

The deep resources of the gold mines have great potential to be the leading area of the national gold industry. However, with the increase of mining depth in Jiaojia gold mine of Shandong province, China, the overburden stress is increasing, the spatial and temporal distribution of mining stress field is more complex to cause spatial structure of overlying strata seriously damaged, which often leads to mine water disaster. Therefore, the research on the law of surrounding rock stress and water-conducting fractured zone development has become an important topic for safe mining of gold mines. In this paper, based on the analysis of borehole data and profile map, three-dimensional geological model was established to predict the height of the water-conducting fracture zone by using Sufer17, Rhino 6, Griddle plug-in and FLAC3D software, and the mining process with the method of downward horizontal slice stoping-filling was simulated by using constitutive model. Results show that the maximum height of the water-conducting fractured zone is about 21.2 m during the whole mining at -700 level, the shape is from near horizontal to micro arch, the failure range of the plastic area near the fault is larger than that far away from the fault. The stress distribution on both sides of the fault is not continuous, which is larger in the hanging wall than that in the footwall. The stress concentration zone is formed in the front and back of the stope during mining process and increases with mining depth. This method can restore the original state of underground stress field to the greatest extent, and make up for the lack of empirical formula theory and the limitation of similar material method for deep mining, which is relatively more accurate and reliable.
CRISPR typing of Campylobacter jejuni reveals a link between CRISPR array preservation and Guillain-Barré syndrome
Authors: Hamid Yameen , Jahan Israt , Hayat Shoma , Rahman Mohammad Imtiazur , Asad Asaduzzaman , Das Avizit , Islam Zhahirul
Published: May 2021

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a post-infection sequela of Campylobacter jejuni-induced enteritis. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and associated genes (CRISPR-Cas) confers adaptive immunity and plays role in virulence in many bacteria. We investigated C. jejuni CRISPR type (CT) to explore association of CRISPR-Cas with risk of developing GBS. We analysed CRISPR-Cas in C. jejuni isolated from 30 patients with GBS, 60 patients with enteritis and 52 healthy controls from Bangladesh. CRISPR types were determined by PCR followed by CRISPR array sequencing. Statistical and genomic analyses were performed using SPSS and multiple web-based software respectively. We found preserved CRISPR array was significantly more frequent in GBS-related strains than healthy control-related strains (P = 0.02, OR = 2.95). Increased CRISPR array length was significantly associated with GBS compared to healthy control- (P = 0.003, AUC = 0.7) and enteritis-related strains (P = 0.02, AUC = 0.65). We reported 38 new CT found among 70 CRISPR-preserving strains. CT of GBS-related strains were unique from enteritis- and healthy control-related strains. Eighty spacers, including 20 novel spacers, were identified among the CRISPR-preserving strains. CRISPR typing had more discriminatory power than PCR-based subtyping in enteritis- and healthy control-related strains. Further genomic analyses are warranted to elucidate role of the C. jejuni CRISPR array in GBS pathogenesis.
PinX1-Induced Autophagy Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces Cell Apoptosis by Inhibiting the NF-κB/p65 Signaling Pathway in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Yang Mengxue , Chen Fang , Yu Chaosheng , Cai Zhimou , Zhong Qingwen , Feng Jialian , Li Guanxue , Shen Congxiang , Wen Zhong
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThe role of PinX1 in tumorigenesis and development has been extensively studied. We have previously reported roles for PinX1 in modulating proliferation, apoptosis, EMT, and stemness in NPC cells. However, the relationship between PinX1, autophagy, and cell function in NPC remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanisms by which PinX1 regulates autophagy in NPC, and to investigate its clinical significance and biological role with respect to disease progression. MethodsMTT and xenograft tumorigenicity assays were used to assess the proliferative capacity of NPC cells. Autophagic flux was monitored using a tandem monomeric DAPI–FITC–LC3 reporter assay. The rates of apoptosis and the cell cycle in NPC cells were analyzed using flow cytometry. Reverse-transcription quantitative PCR was used to evaluate the expression of hTERT and PinX1. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the activation of autophagy and the signaling status of the AKT/mTOR and NF-κB/p65 pathways. ResultsPinX1 overexpression induced autophagy and apoptosis, while suppressing NPC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and decelerated cell-cycle progression; inhibiting autophagy via 3-methyladenine reversed these outcomes. Mechanistic investigations clarified that PinX1 overexpression significantly reduced the expression of p-AKT, p-mTOR, p65, and p-p65. Chloroquine treatment in PinX1-overexpressing cells did not significantly alter p-AKT and p-mTOR levels, whereas 3-MA treatment in PinX1-overexpressing cells resulted in increased p65 and p-p65 expression, relative to untreated PinX1-overexpressing cells.ConclusionThese findings indicate that PinX1 promotes autophagy by inhibiting the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway; this, in turn, inhibits the NF-κB/p65 signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis in NPC cells.
Early Identification of Loss to Follow-Up in Orthopaedic Trauma Patients: Development of a Multivariable Risk Prediction Model
Authors: Sweeney Aidan P. , McDonald Michael , Kravets Victoria , Bush Kay E. , Maceroli Michael A. , Schechter Marcos Coutinho , Schenker Mara L.
Published: May 2021

Background: Loss to clinic follow-up is common among orthopaedic trauma survivors. The purpose of this study was to develop a prediction tool to identify patients at risk for orthopaedic trauma clinic follow-up non-adherence.Methods: Comprehensive social determinants of health (SDOH) assessment surveys were administered to adult patients (age ≥18) who were hospitalized with orthopaedic trauma injuries at an urban Level 1 trauma center. Clinic follow-up adherence within the 90-day post-operative period was examined using adherence fractions ([number of attended follow-up visits]/[number of attended follow-up visits + number of missed visits]). Adherence fractions ≥0.75 were considered to be “High” and £0.75 considered to be “Low”. Demographic and SDOH factors, including the Distressed Communities Index (DCI), were analyzed for their association with clinic follow-up adherence. A risk prediction tool for follow up non-adherence was developed using a multivariable logistic regression model.Results: 294 patients were included for final analysis. Higher community distress, more severe injury, lack of private insurance, lower education levels, no primary care physician, financial and relationship instability, and lack of transportation were significantly associated with low clinic follow up adherence (p<0.05, Table 2 and 3). Low clinic adherence (£0.75) was also significantly associated with presentation to the emergency department within the 90-day post-operative period (p<0.01). The final risk prediction model included 5 covariates: “Distressed” or “At Risk” DCI levels, lack of private insurance, high school or lower education, no primary care physician, and male gender (n=210, AUROC=0.65, 95% CI = 0.57-0.72). The maximum possible risk score was 8. The mean score for patients with low clinic adherence was 4.0±1.6 and 3.1±1.75 for those with high adherence (p<0.01).Discussion: Coordinated care of patients in the aftermath of trauma is imperative to improve healthcare quality and patient outcomes. This study suggests that post-trauma clinic adherence may be predicted at the time of hospital discharge based on a combination of five demographic and SDOH risk factors. We offer a predictive tool for such behavior, which we visualize as a valuable component in a social work discharge plan. Future studies should assess interventions for patients at high risk for follow up non-adherence.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Induces Airway Hyperresponsiveness Through miR-34b/c-5p/CXCL10 Axis
Authors: Liu Dan , Tang Zhongxiang , Bajinka Ousman , Dai Pei , Wu Guojun , Qin Ling , tan yurong
Published: May 2021

Background: There is growing evidence on miRNAs with pivotal role in viral infection-induced airway diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the related mechanism of RSV infection affecting airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is largely unknown.Methods：We obtained the miRNA and mRNA databases of patients with RSV infection, as well as the miRNA databases of asthma and COPD patients from the GEO database. Through intergrated analysis we screened differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs) and genes (DEGs).Further analysis was carried out to obtain the hub gene through the biological pathways and enrichment pathways of DEGs targeted by DEmiRs and construction of a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Finally, the expression of DEmiRs and hub gene were verified in vivo and in vitro experiments, and the regulatory relationship between DEmiRs and hub gene was further explored.Results: The five differential molecules (miR-34b/c-5p, CD14, CXCL10 and RHOH) screened through animal experiments have the same expression trend in the acute and chronic phases of RSV infection. Following the infecting of BEAS-2B cells with RSV, we confirmed that RSV infection can down-regulate miR-34b/c-5p, and the expression levels of CXCL10 and CD14 were significantly increased in the infected group. Furthermore, the results of the dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that CXCL10 is the target of miR-34c-5p.Conclusion: We confirmed that the increase of CXCL10 after RSV infection is regulated by miR-34b/c-5p. This study shed some lights on the mechanism of RSV infection affecting airway inflammation and AHR. In addition, the study provides diagnostic indicators and therapeutic targets for AHR caused by persistent RSV infection.
Emergency Department Point-of-care Ultrasound for Upper Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Tan Gregory , Ng Mingwei
Published: May 2021

BackgroundUpper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT) is an uncommon disease but has to be carefully considered in patients with isolated unilateral upper limb swelling due to its potential to cause devastating complications and sequelae such as pulmonary embolism and septic thrombophlebitis. Given the extreme rarity of this condition, it is not surprising that point-of-care ultrasonographic evaluation of the upper limb for deep venous thrombosis is hardly ever performed in the emergency department. This case report serves to highlight how point-of-care ultrasonographic evaluation of the upper extremity venous system could be incorporated as a tool in the diagnostic armamentarium of the emergency physician.Case PresentationA 51-year-old Chinese gentleman presented to the emergency department with a one-day duration of progressive right upper extremity swelling and pain. On examination, his hemodynamic parameters were stable with no tachycardia. He was noted to have a hyperaemic and grossly swollen but non-tender right upper limb. Distal pulses remained strong. Point-of-care ultrasonography of his right upper limb venous system with doppler colour flow and single-point augmentation with the arm squeeze manoeuvre immediately confirmed the diagnosis of right upper extremity deep venous thrombosis, which in turn permitted anticoagulation to be instituted promptly whilst in the emergency department.ConclusionThe use of point-of-care ultrasonography of the upper limb venous system can prove invaluable as a rapid, non-invasive technique to facilitate expedient diagnosis of and early intervention for UEDVT in the emergency department.
Irritant Contact Dermatitis in Military Healthcare Personnel During COVID-19: Case Report
Authors: Goh Chubin , Kok Wai Leong
Published: May 2021

Background:

Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is one of the most commonly reported occupational skin diseases, which is hard to differentiate from allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) clinically. Failure to identify the different forms of contact dermatitis can lead to suboptimal treatment and management of the patient, with long-term impacts on occupation and quality of life. In this manuscript, we describe a case of ICD occurring in a military healthcare personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic. While the patient presented with an acute pruritic rash over bilateral hands, a clinical feature characteristic of ACD, the patch tests performed on all test series returned negative. He was eventually diagnosed with ICD.
Case Presentation:

A 18-year old military medic developed an acute pruritic vesicular rash over his bilateral hands. He was exposed to butyl gloves from his personal protective equipment as well as frequent hand washing. As confirmatory patch tests were unavailable during the COVID-19 period, he was initially managed with topical corticosteroids and barrier protection with cotton gloves. He was then reviewed by a dermatologist with the suspension of exposure through discontinuation of direct contact with butyl gloves. The medic’s rash resolved with desquamation without scarring within one week of conservative treatment while waiting for confirmatory patch testing at a tertiary dermatological institution when patch test services resumed. The patch test performed on the medic’s butyl glove, other gloves, standard series, and rubber series, all returned negative. He was eventually diagnosed with acute ICD to frequent hand washing and wetwork and there was no further recurrence of the rash.
Conclusion:

Occupational history and a heightened awareness of the possibility of work-related illnesses were important factors for accurate diagnosis. Prompt suspension of exposure and engineering control measures through a double glove method helped to prevent a recurrence of ICD.
Effect of Benign Thyroid Disease on the Risk and Aggressiveness of Breast Cancer: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Han Mingyue , Zhao Xue , Wang Yao , Cui Haiying , Wang Guixia , Gang Xiaokun
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThe relationship between benign thyroid disease (BTD) and breast cancer (BC) has been discussed for a long time. However, the exact connection and underlying mechanism between them remained controversial. Our meta-analysis aimed at performing a comprehensive assessment of the relationship between different types of benign thyroid disease and the risk of breast cancer, and at the same time assessing whether benign thyroid disease exerts an influence on the aggressiveness of brea†st cancer.MethodA literature search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and Embase databases for studies published from 1982 to August 2020. All data including odds ratio (OR) and its corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were analyzed using STATA software, version 16.0. Publication bias and quality assessment of the included studies were conducted.ResultAfter strict literature search and selection, 18 articles were included in our meta-analysis. The result showed that autoimmune thyroiditis (OR 2.57, 95%CI 1.96–3.38), goiter (OR 2.13, 95%CI 1.19-3.79), and Graves’ disease (OR 4.17, 95%CI 1.08-16.05) were associated with increased risk of BC. Both hypothyroidism (OR 0.82, 95%CI 0.64-1.04) and hyperthyroidism (OR 1.07, 95%CI 0.93-1.24) had no correlations with the risk of breast cancer. Additionally, our pooled analysis showed no significant correlation was observed between benign thyroid disease and aggressiveness of breast cancer on the whole. However, a positive relationship was found between benign thyroid disease and aggressiveness of breast cancer in the Europe subgroup (HR:2.05, 95%CI 1.32-3.17).ConclusionAmong benign thyroid disease, autoimmune thyroiditis, goiter, and Graves’ disease were related to the increased risk of breast cancer. As a whole, benign thyroid disease was positively associated with the risk of breast cancer. Thus, special attention should be paid to these patients during treatment and follow-up. Additionally, benign thyroid disease increases the aggressiveness of breast cancer in the European population while no significant correlation was observed in other subgroups. Thus, more large-scale cohort studies are urgently needed soon to confirm the results. † Mingyue Han, Xue Zhao and Yao Wang should be considered shared first authors.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Prevent Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporosis Formation in Mice by Intraosseous Vascular Remodeling
Authors: Wang Weizhou , Wang Yanghao , Tang Zhihong , Chen Yongcheng , Liu Zhui , Duan Hao , Zhong Zongyu , He Fei
Published: May 2021

BackgroundPostmenopausal osteoporosis is the most common type of primary osteoporosis that is characterized by a decrease in bone mass and an increase risk of fractures. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can promote osteogenesis and are a promising therapy for postmenopausal osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between improved intraosseous microcirculation and increased bone mass by MSCs in postmenopausal osteoporosis.MethodsWe isolated primary MSCs and characterized their cellular properties. Bone volume and morphological analyses of mouse femurs were performed by transplanting the cells into post-ovariectomized mice via tail vein. Femoral artery ligation was performed on mice. By Laser Speckle flowmetry, vascular perfusion and femoral trabecular bone and cortical bone analysis, we determined the effects of MSCs in promoting intraosseous angiogenesis and preventing osteoporosis in mice. ResultsMSCs transplantation enhanced trabecular number, trabecular bone volume / total volume, and trabecular bone mineral density in ovariectomized mice. Reduced intraosseous blood flow due to hindlimb ischemia can lead to accelerated bone loss. In contrast, MSCs promoted the reconstruction of intraosseous microcirculation and reduced bone loss.ConclusionsMSCs could effectively prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis formation, which is associated with the involvement of MSCs in the reestablishment of microcirculation within the skeleton. This study has revealed the potential role of MSCs in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and lays the foundation for clinical application studies.
Sublingual Immunotherapy Versus Subcutaneous Injection Immunotherapy in Children With House Dust Mite Allergy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Dib Ghazal , Doya Leen , Al-hakim Amal , Ismaeel Mayya
Published: May 2021

Background

Subcutaneous Immunotherapy is an effective treatment for allergic diseases. It decreases the new sensitizations in individuals who were monosensitized. It may be associated with mild local symptoms with difficult to apply in children. The aim of the current study is to compared Sublingual Immunotherapy versus Subcutaneous Injection Immunotherapy in Children with House Dust Mite allergy.
Methods

In an open-label randomized clinical trial included 20 children aged (6–13) years with House Dust Mite allergic asthma and/ or rhinitis who were admitted to Al Assad University Hospital over 1 year between January 2014 to January 2015. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to a randomized schedule, one of them was treated with Subcutaneous Injection Immunotherapy (SCIT), and the other received Sublingual Immunotherapy (SLIT). We monitored the patients every 3 months over 1 year to evaluate the clinical improvement, side effects of the treatment, drug dependence.
Results

The current study showed remarkable and fast improvement of the clinical symptoms with a decrease in the need for the medication in the Sublingual Immunotherapy group compared to the Subcutaneous Injection Immunotherapy group with a significant difference. There was no difference observed in safety between the two groups, and side effects were mild in both groups.
Conclusion

The current study confirmed that the use of the Sublingual Immunotherapy group is more rapid and effective in children with allergic diseases.
Impact of RNAi-Targeted Silencing of Survivin and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α on the Biological Behaviors of Gastric Cancer SGC-7901 Cells In Vitro
Authors: Mu Runhong , Ge Yinlin , Li Mingcheng , Li Binxian
Published: May 2021

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) plays crucial roles in the primary transcriptional responses to hypoxia stress by modulating hypoxia gene expression. Survivin is regarded as an effector downstream of HIF-1 that promotes cell survival under hypoxia conditions. HIF-1α and survivin are proposed as potential targets in the treatment of gastric cancer. This study was designed to investigate the anticancer effects of RNA interference targeting survivin and HIF-1α on the gastric cancer cell line, SGC-7901 under hypoxia. In this study, cultured cells were divided randomly into four groups: a blank control group, a scrambled siRNA (SCR) control group, a siRNA-Survivin group (ss group) and a siRNA-Survivin+siRNA-HIF-1α group (sis+siH group). The siRNA targeting survivin and/or HIF-1α genes were transfected into SGC-7901 cells. The expression of survivin and HIF-1α was identified by RT-PCR and Western blotting assay. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. The invasion and migration abilities of the cells were evaluated by transwell and wound healing assays, respectively. Cell growth curves were determined by MTT assay at 48 h indicated that the viability of the SGC-7901 cells was inhibited in a time-dependent manner with a highest inhibitory rate of 82.1 ± 0.85 % at 48 h. The siRNA targeting the survivin gene decreased the expression of survivin and the combined transfection of siRNA targeting survivin and HIF-1α down-regulated the expression of both survivin and HIF-1α (P < 0.05). Compared with the blank control group, the combined siRNA groups exhibited obvious features with decreased invasion and migration abilities (P < 0.05). The apoptosis rate increased and the cell proliferation decreased following gene silencing (P < 0.05). The down-regulation of survivin and HIF-1α may induce an anticancer effect in SGC-7901 cell lines by enhancing cell apoptosis and decreasing proliferation, migration and invasion ability.
Transcatheter Versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement on Hemodynamic and Left Ventricular Remodeling: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wu Shi-li , Tang Bi , Zhang Heng , Liu Jin-jun , Shao Su-yun , Zhu Yan-hua , Xuan Ling , Wang Hong-ju
Published: May 2021

Background

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become the choice for the treatment of severe aortic stenosis(AS) patients at high surgical risk in clinical practice. This meta-analysis aimed to further investigate the effect of the relative hemodynamics and postoperative LV remodeling by TAVR and surgical aortic valve replacement(SAVR).
Methods

Relevant studies were identified via systematic searches of PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane database. Relevant data were pooled as weighted mean difference (WMD) or odds risk(OR), with their 95% confidence intervals (CI). A random-effect model or fixed effect model was utilized according to the results of the heterogeneity test.
Results

The results indicated that peak aortic pressure gradient (WMD=-3.86, 95%CI(-6.63,-1.09), P = 0.006) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF%) (WMD=-0.66, 95%CI(-1.31,-0.22), P = 0.045) were lower in the TAVR group compared with the SAVR group, but there was no significant difference between TAVR group and SAVR group in effective orifice area(EOA)(WMD = 0.05, 95%CI(-0.19,0.28), P = 0.697), left ventricular mass(LVM)(WMD = 5.24, 95%CI(-10.33, 20.80), P = 0.509). Compared with SAVR group, the incidence of prosthesis-patient mismatch(PPM) was significantly lower in the TAVR group(OR = 0.37, 95% CI(0.23, 0.61), P < 0.0001).
Conclusion

For patients with severe AS, TAVR could have better performance on the hemodynamics than after SAVR in terms of peak aortic pressure gradient, LVEF%, and the incidence of PPM, TAVR was comparable to SAVR at LV remodeling.
Disposable Diapers Home-scale Composting Enhanced by Spirulina Platensis and Its Utilization As a Growing Medium for Maize and Cayenne Pepper
Authors: Kusumawati Diana Indah , Mangkoedihardjo Sarwoko
Published: May 2021

Disposable diaper waste harms the environment and human health. Composting has gained attention for diaper waste recovery because of cost-effectiveness and wastes conversion into value-added products. Cyanobacteria advantages over other microorganisms to enhance the disposable diapers composting has studied. This research aimed to determine the affection of Spirulina platensis, which is one of the Cyanobacteria species, in the diapers composting. Given the complexity of separating materials, the process involves all parts of disposable diapers. The reactor volume is 30 litres, made of clear plastic to allow Spirulina absorbs light to carry out photosynthesis. A total of 3 kg of disposable diapers composted together with 7 kg of food waste, 250 grams of rice husks as a bulking agent, and pure culture of S. platensis with various density: 1.5, 3.0, 6.0 million of sinusoids. All composting reactors operated in triplicates. The parameters analyzed were organic Carbon, Total Nitrogen, C / N ratio, moisture content, pH, and temperature. After a 6-week composting process, compost with the 6.0 million sinusoids attained the highest degradation rate and the total nitrogen 47% higher than the control. The final compost had good quality and accomplished the limits set in the national regulation. It can be used as a growing medium, as shown in the phytotoxicity tests performed using maize and cayenne pepper. It is a feasible and affordable option for the valorization of disposable diapers, which can apply on a small or home-scale by the community.
City Flood Disaster Scenario Simulation based on 1D-2D Coupled Rain-flood Model: A Case Study in Luoyang, China
Authors: Liu Chengshuai , Yang Fan , Hu Caihong , Yao Yichen , Sun Yue , Zha Bin
Published: May 2021

In order to realize the reproduction and simulation of urban rainstorm and waterlogging scenarios with complex underlying surfaces. Based on the Mike series models, we constructed an urban storm-flood coupling model considering one-dimensional river channels, two-dimensional ground and underground pipe networks. Luoyang City was used as a pilot to realize the construction of a one-dimensional and two-dimensional coupled urban flood model and flood simulation. where is located in the western part of Henan Province, China. The coupled model was calibrated and verified by the submerged water depths of 16 survey points in two historical storms flood events. The average relative error of the calibration simulated water depth was 22.65%, and the average absolute error was 13.93cm; the average relative error of the verified simulated water depth was 15.27%, The average absolute error is 7.54cm, and the simulation result is good. Finally, 28 rains with different return periods and different durations were designed to simulate and analyze the rainstorm inundation in the downtown area of Luoyang. The result shows that the R2 of rainfall and urban rainstorm inundation is 0.8776, and the R2 of rainfall duration and urban rainstorm inundation is 0.8141. Therefore, rainfall is the decisive factor in the formation of urban waterlogging disasters, which is actually the rainfall duration. The study results have important practical significance for urban flood prevention, disaster reduction and traffic emergency management.
Stunting and the Associated Factors among Under-five Children in Shire Endaslassie Town, Tigray, North West Ethiopia
Authors: Geleta Dessalegn , Tesfaye Neamin , Zara Merkeb
Published: May 2021

Background: Globally, 158 million under five children suffer from childhood stunting. On the continent, 87 million stunted were in Asia, 59 million were in Africa and 6 million were in Latin America and Caribbean. In Ethiopian the number of stunting children declines from 6.13 million in 2012 to 5.85 million in 2015 with the prevalence of 38% as per 2016 EDHS. Objective: To determine the prevalence and associated factors of stunting among 6–59 months of age in Shire Endaslassie Town, northwest Ethiopia.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Shire Endaslassie, northwestern Ethiopia, from April 7 to 20, 2017. Multistage sampling technique was used to select 356 study subjects. Child and family status were assessed using the structured questionnaire and anthropometric measurement was conducted to measure nutritional status of the children. Data were cleaned by EPI-Info version 3.5.1, and height for age was converted to Z-score with ENA-SMART software. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to investigate factors associated with stunting. An adjusted odd (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) is used to show the strength of the association, and variables with P values <0.05 are considered statistically significant.Results: The prevalence of stunting was 35% (95% CI: 30 %–40%) among study participants. Unprotected water source [AOR = 3.20, 95%CI: (1.74, 5.73)], Monthly income< 3000 ETB [AOR = 2.59, 95%CI: (1.44, 4.66)], providing breast feeding when only child cry [AOR = 2.22, 95%CI: (1.24, 3.99) were positively associated with stunting, while, having enough time to prepare meal [AOR = 0.50, 95%CI: (0.30, 0.81)], usage of family planning [AOR = 0.26, 95%CI: (0.12, 0.56)] were found to be preventive factor.Conclusion The prevalence of stunting was high in the study area. We found that stunting was significantly correlated with monthly income, water source, having enough time to prepare time, time of breastfeeding, and usage of family planning. Therefore, intervention focusing on supporting housewives, family planning, and education on child feeding and nutrition should be implemented.
Epidemiology Characteristic and Co-infection Pattern of Pathogens in Patients With Respiratory Tract Infection in Southern China, 2018-2020.
Authors: Liang Jingyi , Wang Zhufeng , Liu Yong , Zeng Linxiu , Li Zhengtu , Liang Jiamin , Liang Hanwen , Jiang Mei , Yang Zifeng
Published: May 2021

Background: Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) is the highest prevalent disease and southern china has a wide spectrum of respiratory pathogen. The aim of this work was to renew the epidemiology characteristics of respiratory pathogens found in children and adults with RTIs from 2018 to 2020 in southern China. Methods: In this work, a total of 134,552 nasopharyngeal or throat swabs (patients from 407 hospitals) were analyzed, and fourteen respiratory viruses (Influenza A virus, influenza B virus, parainfluenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, human rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, human Coronavirus, human bocavirus, enterovirus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae) were detected using PCR/RT-PCR. Result: The most common respiratory pathogens in southern china were ADV (16.19%), RSV (15.48%), RHV (11.51%), IAV (10.93%), MP (8.95%), EBV (8.70%), PIV (7.67%), IBV (5.44%), with IAV and ADV as the most prevalent pathogens in adults (11.68%) and children (17.10%) respectively. In detail, ADV (16.30%) and RSV (18.93%) are most common in 0-4 years old, with IAV (16.68%), ADV (20.36%) in 5-14 years old, with EBV (7.48%, 8.74%), IAV (15.43, 9.76%) in 15-49y, 50-64y and IAV (7.37%), IBV (2.43%) in 65-105y. Over three years witnessed an increase in PDR of PIV in 0-4y, 5-14y and 65-105y, and RHV in 5-14y and 15-49y. In month distribution, the positive detection rate of pathogens in adults were generally lower than that in children except for EBV and majority of pathogens has shown a sharp decline in 2020. In Upper RTIs, 77.27% (17/ 22) of co-infected patients had infection to ADV, with poly-infection to ADV and RHV the highest (8/22). In Lower RTIs, the ADV infected patients showed that its co-infection rate to MP, PIV, RHV or RSV were 19.51% (48/246), 15.45% (38/246), 14.63% (36/246) and 14.63% (36/246) respectively. Only IAV, IBV and EBV were detected in co-infection patients with lower RTIs. Conclusion: IAV and ADV were the most important respiratory pathogen in adults and children respectively in southern Chin and cross-reactivity might exist between ADV, RHV, PIV and MP. These should be taken into consideration when they formulate the strategies for co-infection avoidance in patients.
Regulation of Uterine Function During Estrous Cycle, Anestrus Phase and Pregnancy by Steroids in Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L.)
Authors: Kotlarczyk Angelika M. , Grzyb Martyna , Korzekwa Anna
Published: May 2021

Background: Steroid synthesis and production in ruminant uterus is not obvious, especially in those seasonally reproduced. We compared steroid production by investigating selected enzymes involved in red deer uterine steroid metabolism in reproductive seasons. Methods: Blood and uteri tissues (endometrium and myometrium) were collected post mortem from hinds on 4th day of the estrous cycle (N = 8), 13th day of the cycle (N = 8), anestrus (N=8) and pregnancy (N = 8). The expression of cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450), 3 -beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), 17 -beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD), aldo-keto reductase family 1 C1 (AKR1C1), estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), and progesterone receptors (PRs), were analyzed using real-time-PCR and Western Blotting. Plasma samples were assayed for 17 -beta-estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle -stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone (T4) concentrations by EIA. Results: Hinds at the beginning of the estrous cycle, mainly in endometrium, were characterized by a high mRNA expression of 3β-HSD, AKR1C1, PRs and ERα, contrary to the expression in myometrium during pregnancy (P ˂ 0.05). For P4, E2, and FSH, concentration was the highest during the 13th day of the estrous cycle (P ˂ 0.05). Conclusions: The results showed that uterine steroid production and output in hinds as a representative seasonally reproduced ruminant occurred mainly during the estrous cycle and sustained in anestrus.
No Survival or Morbidity Advantage Associated With Cesarean Section in VLBW Infants
Authors: Kim Jin Kyu , Hwang Jong Hee , Lee Myung Hee , Chang Yun Sil , Park Won Soon
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to determine whether CS was associated with survival and/or morbidity advantage. The infants were assigned to group 1 (n = 5,296) and 2 (n = 3,990) with a survival rate of <50% and ≥50%, respectively, at 23-24 gestational weeks (GW) to reduce skewing of the neonatal outcomes by wide institutional variation in the quality of neonatal intensive care. Each group of infants was further stratified into subgroups according to 23-24, 25-26, 27-28 and 29-34 GW. Mortality and major morbidities were measured. While significantly lower overall mortality and morbidity rates including intraventricular hemorrhage were associated with CS than vaginal delivery in both groups, the gestational age-stratified and adjusted odds ratios for mortality and morbidity were not significantly improved with CS. The mortality rate of group 1 was significantly lower than that of group 2 regardless of delivery mode. CS was not associated with survival or morbidity advantage in VLBWIs. The significantly lower mortality in group 1 than in group 2 regardless of delivery mode suggests that the quality level of neonatal intensive care at each institution rather than the mode of delivery might be a prerequisite for the survival and/or morbidity advantage.
Immortalization of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells
Authors: Wang Weiran , Zhang Meng , Feng Bo , Feng Chen , Hu Ge , Mu Xiang , Zhang Qian
Published: May 2021

Objectives : Microvascular endothelial cells (MECs) have been proved by increasing studies to play important roles in the process of endocrine, immune response, and pathogenic microorganism infection. However, most types of MECs have a limited number of divisions. Therefore, the immortalization of primary MECs may provide a better cell model for research. And the present research is aimed to establish an immortal human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs). Methods : To immortalize HDMECs, the telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene was transferred into the primary HDMECs by lentiviral infection. The passages of HDMECs transfected with hTERT or without hTERT were analyzed. At the same time, the relative telomerase activity and telomere length in HDMECs transfected with hTERT were detected by RT-PCR assay. And the β-galactosidase (β-GAL) activity in HDMECs transfected with hTERT was detected by ELISA kits. Finally, karyotype and tube formation analysis were used to evaluate the effects of transfection with hTERT on the characteristics of HDMECs. Results: The results showed that the number of passages of HDMECs transfected with hTERT was significantly increased. The telomerase activity of HDMECs transfected with hTERT gene was enhanced, and β-GAL activity was significantly reduced. Moreover, the transfection of hTERT gene has almost no effect on the karyotype and tube formation of HDMECs. Conclusion: These data indicate that transfection of hTERT gene could successfully enhance the cleavage ability of HDMECs, and the characteristics of hTERT-HDMECs remain almost unchanged.
Non-causal Effect of Circulating Vitamin D Levels on the Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Two-sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Xiang Kun , Hu Yu-Qian , He Yi-Sheng , Wang Peng , Tao Sha-Sha , Chen Yue , Feng Ya-Ting , Yang Xiao-Ke , Pan Hai-Feng
Published: May 2021

Background: Recently, many studies have indicated the potential roles of vitamin D in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the present study, the published available GWAS summary data was used to perform two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to infer the causal effect between circulating vitamin D levels and RA risk.Methods: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which significantly associated with exposure were selected as instrumental variables from larger-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS). The robust analytical methods including MR Egger, inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median and weighted mode were conducted to infer the causal links. Results: The IVW method suggested that there was no causal relationship of genetically predicted circulating vitamin D on RA (Asian: odds ratio (OR)=0.911, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.542-1.534, P=0.727; European: OR=0.897, 95% CI, 0.633-1.269, P=0.538). MR Egger (Asian: OR=0.937, 95% CI, 0.373-2.352, P=0.895; European: OR=0.853, 95% CI, 0.469-1.553, P=0.639), weighted median (Asian: OR=0.895, 95% CI, 0.499-1.606, P=0.711; European: OR=0.885, 95% CI, 0.620-1.264, P=0.503) and weighted mode (Asian: OR=0.904, 95% CI, 0.515-1.588, P=0.738; European: OR=0.898, 95% CI, 0.618-1.306, P=0.604) demonstrated that vitamin D was not directly related to RA as well. Conclusions: The MR analysis indicates that there is no evidence of causal effect of genetically predicted circulating vitamin D levels on RA risk.
Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment for long-term postoperative sequelae in children operated for type III esophageal atresia: A series case
Authors: Manzotti Andrea , Alati Alessia , Galli Matteo , Cerritelli Francesco , Leva Chiara , Alberti Adele , Stizzoli Alessandro , Costanzo Sara , Maestri Luciano , Pelizzo Gloria
Published: May 2021

Background and purpose of the study: Esophageal atresia (AE) is a congenital anomaly that affects the normal development of the esophagus in neonates. The timely surgical approach allows its resolution, but long-term morbidities in adolescents show neurological developmental abnormalities and musculoskeletal deformities. The goal in this preliminary study is to investigate the recovery of the range of the right upper limb movement and on the rise of the anthropometric parameters through the osteopathic manipulative treatment, which, by acting on the connective system has a trophotropic effect documented. Materials and Methods: 5 children with type III AE were included in the study. 6 OMTs were performed in 4 months. At each treatment, the following were assessed height, weight, BMI and ROM in elevation of the right upper limb. OMT has been applied to improve scar, larynx, rib cage, and sternum mobility. Results: in the statural growth there was an average change of 2.3 cm in 4 months and in the ROM of the upper limb there was an average increase of 8° in 4 months. There were no significant changes in weight and BMI. Conclusions: This preliminary study suggests that it is a viable option to be further researched. In addition, the study provides potentially valuable evidence that the osteopathic manipulative treatment could benefit the increase in anthropometric parameters and the mobility of the right upper limb of children operated on for AE. In light of the results, new studies to evaluate the effectiveness of OMT in post surgical treatment of congenital malformations of the thorax can be considered in the future.
Study of Safety Investment in Mines Based on Utility Function From a Game Perspective: Experiences From China
Authors: Yu Jian , Chen Zhe , Deng Yan
Published: May 2021

Mining industry, especially coal-mining industry, is faced with many safety problems in China such as the lack of coordination between the mining enterprises and the safety administration, decision-making of production and safety investment and so on. In order to reduce costs and maximize profits, many mining enterprises are gaming in safety investment under the mining safety supervision although relative supervision provisions are strict, which results in frequent occurrence of mine accidents. In order to find out the causes that are behind the economic motivation, based on utility function with two variables, technology and cost, from a game perspective, a safety investment analysis for decision makers in coal-mining enterprises is made in this article by focusing on the technological level and production cost and presenting the gaming process during deciding safety investment among these enterprises. The result is that there is no enough incentive in short term for mining enterprises to make safety investment under the condition of low technological level and high cost in China. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance safety awareness, strengthen supervision and improve safety status during mining, which is also helpful for all mining enterprises and sustainable development.
Dynamic Response of the Vegetation Carbon Storage in the Sanjiang Plain to Changes in Land Use/cover and Climate
Authors: Li Haiyan , Qu Yi , Zeng Xingyu , Zhang Hongqiang , Cui Ling , Luo Chunyu
Published: May 2021

Large-scale human activities especially the destruction of forest land, grassland, and unused land result in a large amount of carbon release into the atmosphere and cause drastic changes in land use/cover in the Sanjiang Plain. As a climate change-sensitive and ecologically vulnerable area, the Sanjiang Plain ecosystem’s carbon cycle is affected by significant climate change. Therefore, studying the impact of the changes in land use/cover and climate on the carbon storage of the vegetation in the Sanjiang Plain is important. The dynamic impact of the changes in land use/cover and climate on the vegetation carbon storage was analyzed using Remote Sensing (RS), Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, and mathematical statistics and taking TM and MODIS Normal Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) remote sensing data, temperature, and precipitation as main data sources. Research results showed the following observations. From 2001 to 2015, the vegetation carbon storage in the Sanjiang Plain continued to increase (total increase = 97.65 Tg). The carbon storage of the forest land increased by 98.73 Tg, and the carbon storage of cultivated land increased by 0.56 Tg. The carbon storage values of grassland and unused land decreased to 0.86 and 0.78 Tg, respectively. The increase in the carbon storage of cultivated land was caused by the increased area, and that of forest land was attributed to the increased carbon density. The decrease in the carbon storage of grassland and unused land was out of the decrease in its area. Therefore, the transform in land use types and vegetation carbon density changed the vegetation carbon storage. Through the pixel-by-pixel analysis of the invariant region, the carbon storage of various vegetations in the Sanjiang Plain was negatively correlated with the average temperature and positively correlated with the average precipitation. The partial correlation analysis of the changes in climate and land use/cover concluded that the changes in land use/cover and vegetation carbon density in the Sanjiang Plain were the main controlling factors for the changes in the vegetation carbon storage.
Scaffolding Novice L2 Teachers’ Cognitions of Classroom Management: A Sociocultural Perspective
Authors: Karimi Mohammad Nabi , Nazari Mostafa
Published: May 2021

Despite the substantial body of knowledge on classroom management (CM), there is little research addressing the developmental growth of novice teachers’ cognitions of CM. Drawing on mediation and microgenetic analysis components of sociocultural theory, the present study aimed to investigate the contributions of a scaffolding initiative to language teachers’ cognitions of CM. The initiative involved mediating the teachers’ cognitions by prompting a number of central notions in CM to the teachers and investigating their own video-recorded classroom instruction. Data analyses indicated that the teachers navigated the process through the stages of CM-related conceptual change, developmental practice-informed awareness of CM, and heightened expertise in representing CM. The findings of the study imply that novice teachers need more attention from policymakers and teacher educators to facilitate the process of transition to professionalism in the beginning of their career, particularly developing heightened awareness of the importance of CM in their instruction.
An Improved Dynamics Modeling During Milling of the Thin-walled Parts Based on Magnetorheological Damping Fixture
Authors: Jiang Xiaohui , Yang Ning , Zhang Yong , Gao Shan
Published: May 2021

Aerospace thin-walled parts vibrates during the process of milling due to their characteristics of low rigidity, which influences the machining quality of the workpiece. Based on the characteristics of magnetorheological fluid excitation solidification, a magnetorheological damping fixture is designed to semi-actively suppress the vibration generated during the machining process. This paper simplifies the multi-characteristic structure of aerospace thin-walled parts into rectangular thin plates. In accordance with Kirchhoff G.’s small deflection bending theory of elastic thin-plates and Daramberg’s principle, the differential equations for the transverse vibration of the thin-walled parts are established, which aims to obtain the natural frequency as well as vibration mode function of the thin-walled parts. In consideration of damping characteristics and the external dynamic milling force after the magnetorheological fluid excitation solidification, this paper uses the mode superposition method and an improved dynamic response mathematical model of the magnetorheological damping fixture thin-walled parts system of the linear multiple degrees of freedom, which has different volumes of magnetorheological fluids under forced vibration, was established. The maximum error between the predicted and measured values ​​of the fixture-workpiece system dynamic response of displacement and acceleration is 16.2% and 15.5%, respectively. Finally, this paper verifies the feasibility as well as the effectiveness of the model through dynamics experiment and milling machining experiment.