bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Catalogue of Christian Arabic Bible Translations at the British Library
Authors: Lindgren Hjälm Mirjam
Published: January 2025

The present work contains records of the Christian Arabic Bible translations and Bible commentaries that are kept at the Department of Asian and African Studies at the British Library. Many of these manuscripts have previously been described in various catalogues, yet with different levels of detail. The main problem, however, for those interested in the material is to navigate through all these printed Arabic, Syriac, and Coptic catalogues, as well as the handwritten acquisition registers, in order to get an overview of the corpus. As a means of enabling access to such an overview, this catalogue aims at systematizing and updating codicological and content-related information about these valuable sources, many of which have previously been described only by title and approximate date and some, which have not yet been catalogued. Based on recent research findings, it also provides information regarding the biblical versions transmitted in these translations as well as sample images of the manuscripts it describes and indices over scribes, commissioners, dating systems, immediate sources of acquisition, etc
Aprenentatge Basat en Problemes
Authors: Serrat-Graboleda Eva , Mantas-Jiménez Susana , Ballester-Ferrando David , Fuentes-Pumarola Concepció , Cámara-Liebana David
Published: January 2025

This guide serves as a roadmap for teaching staff involved in PBL methodology, providing complete and clear information on methodology, organisation, operation and assessment processes. It also incorporates the gender perspective and the Sustainable Development Goals, current challenges for the University, which acts as a key agent to address them. It is an essential basic guide for teaching staff who are new to this methodology, and it is also open to researchers and health professionals who seek to deepen their knowledge of this methodology and adapt it to the current needs of nursing education.
Educación financiera: una mirada desde el sector panelero
Authors: Pardo Ortiz María Nuvia , Martínez Delgado Camilo Andrés , Cortés Lizarazo Mauricio
Published: January 2025

Financial education goes beyond knowing terms of financial mathematics, the importance of saving and the recognition of interest rates, when being part of the financial system. Financial education must be a cultural attitude, with a vision of the future, where the different actors such as academia, banking, associations and government guide without falling into bureaucratization, rethinking social responsibility in the light of this concept, reflecting, visualizing and materializing what the country really needs.
The panel sector in Colombia, through this research, reveals the importance of persuading and promoting knowledge in financial education as a key and prospective element for decision making, where the concept of savings and indebtedness culture, allow maintaining the viability of the productive units.
The Prevalence of Ocular Morbidity in Leprosy Patients at Kuyera Leprosy Rehabilitation Center
Authors:   General Ophthalmologist, Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Mekonen Teferi Kibrom , Woldeyes Tefera Alemayehu ,   Assistant Prof of Ophthalmology & public health Specialist, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Published: January 2025

Background: Leprosy is among the oldest disease in the world but it is the list studied chronic disease in Ethiopia and worldwide
to cause more ocular complications than any other systemic bacterial disease.
Methods: Community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April 2023 among leprosy patients at Kuyera
Rehabilitation Center. Detailed sociodemographic, medical hitory and clinical examination findings were recorded by the
principal investigator. Comprehensive eye examinations, including slit-lamp evaluation, fundus examinations, and refraction were
performed on all participants. Descriptive statistical and logisttic regression analysis was done.
Results: A total of 70 participants were included. Most participants were over 40 years old (n=61, 87.2%), and 95.7% (n=
67) had leprosy for more than 5 years. Most of them (93%) had ocular complaints. Cataract was the most common ocular
condition observed (21.4%), while refractive errors were the leading cause of visual impairment (24.3%). The prevalence of visual
impairment and blindness among the participants was 34% and 20%, respectively.
Conclusion: Ocular complications are frequent among leprosy patients in Ethiopia. Regular eye examinations are necessary to
prevent leprosy-related ocular complications.
Classifying the UN SDGs research: The problems, approaches and prospects for generative artificial intelligence
Authors: Selivanova I. V. , Blinov P. Y. , Malysheva A. V. , Kosyakov D. V.
Published: January 2025

The subject classification of research publications enhances navigation in the flow of science literature, enables bibliometric analysis, multitier assessment of research performance. The universal character of the UN agenda of sustainable development and importance of sustainable development goals (SDGs) and scientific research to achieve them, and the complex and multiaspect SDGs stir high interest of bibliographers, scientometrics community, international science databases, in the problem of correlating science publications and SDGs. The Web of Science, Scopus, Dimensions, as well as the individual researchers apply various approaches to classifying the articles on SDGs, and these classifications have their strengths and weaknesses. The differences in the resulting classifications calls for the analysis and improvement of methods and approaches. The evolving generative artificial intelligence technologies and big language models open up new possibilities for the subject classification of science texts including those related to the UN SDGs. The authors analyze the methods used to classify publications as SDG-related, and demonstrate the applicability of big language models as exemplified by ChatGPT
Early childhood STEM education research in Türkiye: a meta-synthesis study
Authors: Çelik Büşra , Günşen Gülşah , Genek Selvet Ece , Uyanık Gülden
Published: January 2025

This research aims to establish a comprehensive framework for studying STEM education in early childhood using the meta-synthesis approach. A total of 97 studies conducted in Türkiye between 2017 and October 2024 were examined, focusing on their contributions to the field. The studies were categorized based on sample groups, research methods, data collection tools, and the impact of STEM-based educational practices on children, teachers, and teacher candidates. The findings highlight that STEM education in early childhood generally yields positive outcomes, fostering children’s cognitive, social, and problem-solving skills. Teachers and teacher candidates also benefit, as these practices enhance their interdisciplinary teaching abilities and confidence in integrating STEM into their curricula. Despite the growing interest in STEM education, certain areas remain underexplored, such as long-term impacts on children, parental involvement, and the role of school administrators. Additionally, while experimental methods dominate, there is a need for more qualitative and mixed-methods research to provide a nuanced understanding of contextual and process-oriented factors. The results indicate a significant increase in research dedicated to STEM education in recent years, reflecting its critical role in preparing children for the demands of the 21st century. This meta-synthesis study provides a comprehensive overview of trends, gaps, and future directions in the field. By identifying commonalities and under-emphasized points, it offers valuable insights for researchers, educators, and policymakers aiming to advance STEM education in early childhood settings.
The Comparison of Technology Integration Experiences of Teachers and Faculties: Distance Teaching Context
Authors: Şendurur Emine , Altun Ayşegül
Published: January 2025

The study aims to compare the technology integration practices of teachers and faculties from their perspectives within the context of distance education. The study's research design is a cross-sectional survey. Technology Integration in Distance Education Questionnaire was prepared by the researchers. The instrument was administered to 189 faculties and 91 teachers with distance teaching experience. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to analyze data. The findings suggest that participants perceived themselves as proficient in designing instruction for distance education, but no significant differences were found between teachers and faculties. EFA was conducted to determine questionnaire structure, and results showed three factors; planning the instruction, process, and post instructional process. Comparison of these factors scores showed no significant differences in planning the instruction and post-instructional process but significant differences in process between teachers and faculties. Content analysis results show that material types are divided into six main themes, namely: (i)audio, (ii)visual, (iii)audio-visual, (iv)interactive, (v)textual, and (vi)real objects/models/sources. Instructional methods are divided into three main themes, namely: (i)student-centered, (ii)teacher-centered, and (iii)mixed. In addition, content analysis results also showed that participants perceived themselves as proficient but needed clarification about methods and materials used in distance education. These findings were discussed in detail.
Analisis Aspek Desain Ergonomis Tempat Wudu Pada Masjid Islamic Center Lhokseumawe
Authors: Muliana Erna , Olivia Sisca , Fithri Cut Azmah , Nurfebruary Nanda Sitti , Andria Melly , Nurdin Erwinsyah
Published: January 2025

The ablution place has an important role in the life of Muslims. Wudu space not only serves as a place to prepare for worship, but also as a manifestation of one of the Islamic values, namely sustainability. Therefore, it becomes important to understand how the ergonomic use of space in the design of the ablution place of the Islamic Center Mosque of Lhokseumawe City as the locus of this observation. The main objective of this study is to analyze the physical-internal factors that influence the design of wudu stations based on the perspective of space ergonomics theory so that wudu stations can be used sustainably. This research uses descriptive-analytical method with qualitative data processing. The results found in the case study are that there are several typologies of wudu spaces that affect user comfort in terms of ergonomics. In addition, the redundancy of water and circulation corridor spaces is a challenge for the sustainability of wudu places. This paper is expected to make a positive contribution to the guidelines for sustainable wudu spaces, as well as provide direction for architects, designers, and developers in creating ergonomic wudu spaces that combine Islamic architecture values with strong sustainability principles.
Autokorelasi Spasial Densifikasi Bangunan di Kota Pontianak
Authors: Wulandari Agustiah , Purnomo Yudi
Published: January 2025

Pontianak, the capital of West Kalimantan Province, possesses unique characteristics that set it apart from other Indonesian cities. The city exhibits distinct characteristics compared to other cities in Indonesia. Pontianak is the focus of this study due to its significant urban growth, which necessitates an in-depth analysis to support sustainable urban planning. The ongoing densification of buildings in Pontianak and population growth impact the land required to support daily activities. This research seeks to specify and analyze the spatial distribution patterns of building densification in Pontianak using spatial autocorrelation. The study utilized a quantitative analysis method. The data comprises building distribution and area data sourced from Open Street Map (O.S.M.). These data were analyzed using Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis techniques, specifically Moran's I Index and Local Indicators of Spatial Autocorrelation (L.I.S.A.). The analysis strives to define the patterns of relationships or correlations between building locations in Pontianak. The examination results indicated that Moran's I Index is 0.762, signifying a positive spatial autocorrelation of buildings in Pontianak. It suggests that similar-sized buildings cluster together. The L.I.S.A. analysis further revealed that the Pontianak Kota District predominantly falls within the High-High category, indicating that buildings with high spatial potential surround this district. Additionally, the Pontianak Kota District is identified as the City Service Center (PPK) according to the Pontianak City Spatial Plan (R.T.R.W.) for 2013-2033. These findings demonstrate a significant correlation between the distribution of buildings and their areas within Pontianak City.
Penerapan Universal Design Pada Asrama Mahasiswa Nusantara Surabaya terhadap Aksesibilitas Penghuni
Authors: Haryo Prastyo Aloysius Yoga Soni
Published: January 2025

Nusantara Student Dormitory is a dormitory with various supporting activities, such as assembly, sports, national defense activities and other activities that have a lot of space to accommodate these activities, so that the movement of occupant circulation is quite large, therefore it is necessary to apply universal design to be able to make occupant accessibility more comfortable. The purpose of this study is to determine the accessibility conditions, space, and facilities that can support various student activities and adjust to applicable universal design regulations. This study uses a qualitative approach with the methods used are observation, survey, and visual data analysis by comparing the survey results with applicable theories and regulations. The results of this study show the application of universal architecture in accordance with the theory or principles and standards that can make occupants comfortable when doing activities, so that later the application of universal design principles in the Nusantara Student Dormitory can be improved so that it can become a comfortable place in terms of accessibility for its occupants so that it allows its occupants to carry out all existing activities.
Learning by Doing: Challenging but Successful
Authors: Skipworth Sue Ann
Published: January 2025

Learning by doing is a common method for teaching others how to do certain tasks or develop skills. Experiential learning opportunities such as internships and simulations are primary vehicles for students to learn by doing. Students benefit from gaining hands-on experience, developing or honing a particular skill set, and acquiring a deeper understanding and appreciation of the subject matter. This type of learning also has benefits that go beyond the immediate course environment and extend to future practical life and career applications. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the utility and practicality of experiential learning by using examples from an upper-division simulation course and internship courses in political science at a state flagship university. A deep dive into how these courses were designed and student performance provides insight into both the challenges and successes encountered in a learning-by-doing environment.
A New theory for Description of Accelerated Expansion of the Universe, the Origin of CMB Radiation and its Anisotropies
Authors: Soltani Abolfazl
Published: January 2025

In this article, we show that our expanding cosmos probably is inside a supergiant spherical shell. In fact, here we show that probably the reason for the accelerated expansion of the universe, the origin of CMB radiation and the origin of a part of the anisotropies of this radiation is the existence of a huge rigid spherical shell that surrounds entire of the universe. In the last part of the article, we show that between the theory of the cosmos’s shell and the theory of the last scattering surface, it is more logical to consider the cosmic shell as the cause of the existence of CMB.
Targeted next-generation sequencing for antimicrobial resistance detection in ventilator-associated pneumonia
Authors: Li Yuting , Jiang Yanfang , Liu Hao , Fu Yao , Lu Junying , Li Hongyan , Sheng Lulu , Gu Dejian , Zhang Dong
Published: January 2025

Background

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) carries a high mortality rate in the intensive care units (ICUs) due to its widespread drug resistance. Traditional microbial cultures limited by speed and sensitivity, are often unable to help clinicians make effective diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a rapid and accurate test that can identify both pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to improve the prognosis of patients with VAP.

Study design

We analyzed samples from ICU patients with suspected VAP using both microbial tests and targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS), comparing the results of tNGS pathogen and AMR detection against microbial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST).

Results

Involving 199 patients with suspected VAP, tNGS showed a sensitivity rate of 98.98% for pathogen identification. While the sensitivity rate of microbial culture was just 66.84%. Additionally, tNGS performed almost half the turnaround time of microbial culture (1.66 days vs 3.00 days). For AMR, the overall consistency between AST and tNGS was 79.31%. The great performance particularly exhibited for Acinetobacter baumannii carbapenem-penicillin-cephamycin resistance.

Conclusion

tNGS excels in identifying pathogens and AMR. Its rapid workflow makes it ideal for managing critically ill patients, enhancing treatment precision, and reducing antibiotic misuse.
Impaired hemodynamic forces assessed by routine CMR and its determinants in different duration T2DM patients with normal LV function and myocardial strain
Authors: Shao Guozhu , Cao Yukun , Cui Yue , Li Hongyan , Shi Heshui
Published: January 2025

Background

Early detection of subclinical myocardial dysfunction in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is essential before overt changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and myocardial strain occur. The objective of this study is to quantitatively assess hemodynamic forces (HDFs) using a rigorous mathematical model based on conventional cine cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) images in patients with T2DM, and investigate their correlation with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and duration of diabetes.

Methods

We recruited 63 T2DM patients and 50 healthy volunteers to undergo contrast-enhanced CMR examinations. T2DM patients were divided into three groups according to the course of disease: early, middle and later stage (time <5 years, 5 ≤ time <10 years, time ≥10 years, respectively). LV deformation parameters, global circumferential strain (LVGCS), radial strain (LVGRS), longitudinal strain (LVGLS) and HDFs parameters such as longitudinal (apical-basal/A-B), transversal (lateral-septal/L-S) HDF strength (RMS) were measured and compared among the three groups.

Results

Compared with healthy volunteers, no significant differences in LV function and strains were observed (P > 0.05), while HDF Strength (RMS) L-S (%) were significantly higher in T2DM patients (p < 0.001). LVGLS was significantly decreased in late T2DM patients (p < 0.05), but HDF Strength (RMS) L-S (%) was significantly increased compared with early T2DM patients. Both HDF Strength (RMS) L-S (%) and HDF Strength (RMS) A-B (%) value were independently related to the extent of LGE (β = 0.435, p = 0.001; β = −0.329, p = 0.006, respectively). In addition, HDF Strength (RMS) L-S (%) was also independently correlated with insulin treatment(β = 0.291, p = 0.013).

Conclusions

HDF analysis can provide valuable insights into subclinical myocardial dysfunction prior to changes in ejection fraction and myocardial strain, suggesting that HDF analysis may be a potential early marker of subclinical myocardial dysfunction. LVGLS damage is gradually obvious with the prolongation of diabetes duration in T2DM patients. HDFs parameters are associated with the extent of LGE, and the transversal component of HDF increased with the duration of diabetes.
Altered association between cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels in the early stage of type 2 diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: Wang Liang , Meng Xiaomei , Tang Yuxiao , Hao Yaping
Published: January 2025

Objectives

In the early stages of various critical infections and diseases, altered association of cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels occurs, with cortisol levels increasing and ACTH levels remaining normal or decreasing. This study aimed to explore the relationship between ACTH and cortisol levels in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and the influence of the severity of DKA.

Methods

A total of 106 type 2 diabetes patients with DKA admitted to the Endocrinology Department of Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital from February 2018 to May 2023 were divided into groups without (n=54) and with bacterial infection (n=52). Twenty type 2 diabetes patients without infection or DKA admitted during the same period were included as the control group. Cortisol and ACTH levels were measured on the first day of admission and the day after DKA correction for patients with DKA and on the first day of admission and the day before discharge for the control group.

Results

Compared with the control group, the DKA groups both with and without infection had significantly higher cortisol levels (P<0.05) and significantly lower ACTH levels (P<0.01) at admission. DKA patients with infection had significantly higher cortisol levels at admission than those without infection (734.51 ± 348.69 nmol/L vs 508.79 ± 268.72 nmol/L, P<0.01), while ACTH levels did not differ significantly between the two groups (P>0.05). After correction of DKA, no differences in cortisol or ACTH levels were observed among the three groups. Compared with levels at admission, DKA patients both with and without infection had lower cortisol levels and higher ACTH levels after DKA correction (all P<0.001). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that for all DKA patients and for subgroups with and without infection, the cortisol level at admission was independently positively correlated with the ACTH level and negatively correlated with the bicarbonate level (both P<0.01).

Conclusions

In the early stage of DKA, a phenomenon of altered association between cortisol–ACTH occurs and is especially prominent in DKA patients with infection. This altered association between cortisol–ACTH disappears after DKA correction, and the severity of DKA is an independent influencing factor on the cortisol level in early-stage DKA.
Association between migraine severity and sleep quality: a nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Almansour Nura A. , Alsalamah Seham S. , Alsubaie Razan S. , Alshathri Nada N. , Alhedyan Yasmeen A. , Althekair’s Faisal Y.
Published: January 2025

Background

Migraine is a primary headache disorder that affects more than 1 billion individuals globally and imposes a significant disability burden on society. Although migraine patients commonly experience poor sleep quality, the relationship between migraine and sleep is not yet fully understood. This study therefore aimed to determine the association between sleep quality and migraine severity.

Methods

A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,399 participants across all regions of Saudi Arabia from August to October 2023 using standardized questionnaires. Participants were categorized into patients with migraine and non-migraine patients, according to the International Headache Society (IHS) criteria. This study utilized The Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to evaluate migraine severity and sleep quality, respectively.

Results

The prevalence of migraine was 25%, while poor sleep quality was evident in 42.4% of the patients. No significant difference in PSQI scores was observed between patients with migraine and non-migraine patients (p = 0.821). Migraine patients with poor sleep quality showed significantly higher MIDAS scores than those with good sleep quality (10.37 vs. 6.58; p = 0.002), while patients with migraine with higher levels of disability had higher PSQI scores than those with lower levels of disability, although the difference was not statistically significance (7.61 vs. 6.81, p = 0.053). A significant positive correlation was found between the PSQI and MIDAS scores (r = 0.179, p < 0.001). MIDAS was also significantly positively correlated with the following PSQI components: subjective sleep quality (p = 0.047), sleep latency (p < 0.001), sleep disturbance (p < 0.001), and daytime dysfunction (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

These findings suggest a notable correlation between poor sleep quality and increased migraine severity, emphasizing the importance of addressing sleep disturbance as a potential strategy to mitigate migraine severity and improve patient outcomes.
How much can we save by applying artificial intelligence in evidence synthesis? Results from a pragmatic review to quantify workload efficiencies and cost savings
Authors: Abogunrin Seye , Muir Jeffrey M. , Zerbini Clarissa , Sarri Grammati
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Researchers are increasingly exploring the use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in evidence synthesis, a labor-intensive, time-consuming, and costly effort. This review explored and quantified the potential efficiency benefits of using automated tools as part of core evidence synthesis activities compared with human-led methods.

Methods

We searched the MEDLINE and Embase databases for English-language articles published between 2012 and 14 November 2023, and hand-searched the ISPOR presentations database (2020–2023) for articles presenting quantitative results on workload efficiency in systematic literature reviews (SLR) when AI automation tools were utilized. Data on efficiencies (time- and cost-related) were collected.

Results

We identified 25 eligible studies: 13 used machine learning, 10 used natural language processing, and once each used a systematic review automation tool and a non-specified AI tool. In 17 studies, a >50% time reduction was observed, with 5-to 6-fold decreases in abstract review time. When the number of abstracts reviewed was examined, decreases of 55%–64% were noted. Studies examining work saved over sampling at 95% recall reported 6- to 10-fold decreases in workload with automation. No studies quantified the economic impact associated with automation, although one study found that there was an overall labor reduction of >75% over manual methods during dual-screen reviews.

Discussion

AI can reduce both workload and create time efficiencies when applied to evidence gathering efforts in SLRs. These improvements can facilitate the implementation of novel approaches in decision making that consider the real-life value of health technologies. Further research should quantify the economic impact of automation in SLRs.
Artificial intelligence conversational agents in mental health: Patients see potential, but prefer humans in the loop
Authors: Lee Hyein S. , Wright Colton , Ferranto Julia , Buttimer Jessica , Palmer Clare E. , Welchman Andrew , Mazor Kathleen M. , Fisher Kimberly A. , Smelson David , O’Connor Laurel , Fahey Nisha , Soni Apurv
Published: January 2025

Background

Digital mental health interventions, such as artificial intelligence (AI) conversational agents, hold promise for improving access to care by innovating therapy and supporting delivery. However, little research exists on patient perspectives regarding AI conversational agents, which is crucial for their successful implementation. This study aimed to fill the gap by exploring patients’ perceptions and acceptability of AI conversational agents in mental healthcare.

Methods

Adults with self-reported mild to moderate anxiety were recruited from the UMass Memorial Health system. Participants engaged in semi-structured interviews to discuss their experiences, perceptions, and acceptability of AI conversational agents in mental healthcare. Anxiety levels were assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale. Data were collected from December 2022 to February 2023, and three researchers conducted rapid qualitative analysis to identify and synthesize themes.

Results

The sample included 29 adults (ages 19-66), predominantly under age 35, non-Hispanic, White, and female. Participants reported a range of positive and negative experiences with AI conversational agents. Most held positive attitudes towards AI conversational agents, appreciating their utility and potential to increase access to care, yet some also expressed cautious optimism. About half endorsed negative opinions, citing AI’s lack of empathy, technical limitations in addressing complex mental health situations, and data privacy concerns. Most participants desired some human involvement in AI-driven therapy and expressed concern about the risk of AI conversational agents being seen as replacements for therapy. A subgroup preferred AI conversational agents for administrative tasks rather than care provision.

Conclusions

AI conversational agents were perceived as useful and beneficial for increasing access to care, but concerns about AI’s empathy, capabilities, safety, and human involvement in mental healthcare were prevalent. Future implementation and integration of AI conversational agents should consider patient perspectives to enhance their acceptability and effectiveness.
COVID-19 clinical presentation, management, and epidemiology: a concise compendium
Authors: Maison David P. , Tasissa Hawi , Deitchman Amelia , Peluso Michael J. , Deng Youping , Miller F. DeWolfe , Henrich Timothy J. , Gerschenson Mariana
Published: January 2025

Coronavirus Disease 2019, caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2, has been an ever-evolving disease and pandemic, profoundly impacting clinical care, drug treatments, and understanding. In response to this global health crisis, there has been an unprecedented increase in research exploring new and repurposed drugs and advancing available clinical interventions and treatments. Given the widespread interest in this topic, this review aims to provide a current summary—for interested professionals not specializing in COVID-19—of the clinical characteristics, recommended treatments, vaccines, prevention strategies, and epidemiology of COVID-19. The review also offers a historical perspective on the pandemic to enhance understanding.
Farmer perceptions toward the adoption of agroforestry practices: a case study of northwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Gashu Mulunesh Yayehrad , Mesfin Demamu , Dessie Tadsual Asfaw
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Despite several reports emphasizing the role of agroforestry in enhancing rural livelihoods, promoting sustainable development, protecting the environment, and supporting climate change mitigation and adaptation, little is known about rural households’ perceptions of the different benefits of agroforestry and the extent of adoption of its different agroforestry technologies, including contour farming with tree planting, alley cropping, woodlot and timber production, integration of fruits, nuts, medicinal trees, home gardens, fruits on farmland, boundary cropping, and live fences. Therefore, this study aimed to examine farmers’ perceptions and adoption of agroforestry practices as well as the factors influencing these actions in the Banja district of Northwestern Ethiopia.

Methods

A cross-sectional research design was conducted in three kebeles of the Banja district, encompassing a sample of 340 households. The study employed a quantitative and qualitative approach, with multi-stage sampling technique results employed to select sample households using a binary logit model.

Result and discussions

The study found that 59% of respondents perceived agroforestry as advantageous, with 91.57, 75, and 60.5% recognizing its benefits for farm productivity, household income, and food security, respectively. The remaining 41% of sample households were not perceived. Approximately 56% of the respondents adopted different agroforestry practices, mainly live fences and taungya. The results of the binary logit model indicated that the adoption of agroforestry practices was influenced by factors such as sex, educational status, access to extension services, family size, soil fertility, farmland size, and slope of farmland. In contrast, age, distance to farmland, land tenure, livestock size, farm experience, and market distance were not significant. The study recommends that extension workers should strengthen rural education, improve extension services, focus on soil fertility through soil and water conservation practices, and ensure sustainability through regular monitoring, evaluation, and implementation of diverse agroforestry practices, thereby ensuring environmental sustainability and improving livelihoods at the household, community, and national levels.
Evaluation of the killing effects of UV254 light on common airborne porcine viruses
Authors: Qiu YingWu , Li QunHui , Zhao WenKai , Chang Hao , Wang JunHua , Gao Qi , Zhou Qingfeng , Zhang GuiHong , Gong Lang , Wang LianXiang
Published: January 2025

UV exposure is a common method of disinfection and sterilization. In the present study, the parallel beam test was performed to collect fluids containing infectious viruses using a parallel beam apparatus after UV254 irradiation (0, 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, or 20 mJ/cm2). The air sterilization test was performed by irradiating the air in the ducts with UV254 light (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 6 mJ/cm2) to collect airborne particles containing viruses through the air sterilization equipment. Furthermore, viral inactivation was assessed based on cytopathic effect (CPE) detection and immunofluorescent assays (IFA). Both the CPE and immunofluorescence signal intensity decreased as the UV254 dose increased. The UV254 doses required to inactivate ASFV (107.75 copies/mL), PRRSV (106.29 copies/mL), and PEDV (107.71 copies/mL) in the water were 3, 1, and 1 mJ/cm2, respectively. The UV254 dose required to inactivate ASFV (104.06 copies/mL), PRRSV (103.06 copies/mL), and PEDV (104.68 copies/mL) in the air was 1 mJ/cm2. This study provides data required for biosecurity prevention and control in swine farms.
Study on the Characteristics of a Composite Power System with a Tip-Jet-Driven Rotor
Authors: Wu Yifei , Wang Yun , Wu Jinwu , Tang Jianxiang
Published: January 2025

Tip-jet helicopters operate by utilizing the reaction force generated by a high-speed tip jet, offering advantages such as a simplified and compact fuselage design and a reduction in empty weight by eliminating anti-torque balancing equipment. In tip-jet helicopter research, the composite power system is regarded as a crucial and bottleneck element. This study employs numerical simulations to comprehensively analyze the internal flow characteristics of the gas generator and tip-jet-driven rotor within the composite power system. Specifically, an in-depth investigation has been conducted on the influence laws of various parameters on the system characteristics. These parameters encompass the tip-jet-driven rotor speed, which takes on values of 50 rad/s, 80 rad/s, 100 rad/s, 120 rad/s, and 150 rad/s, the tip-jet-driven rotor length, measured at 1585 mm, 1785 mm, 1985 mm, 2185 mm, 2385 mm, 2585 mm, and 2785 mm, and the tip-jet-driven rotor nozzle area, which is specified by six values corresponding to multiples of the straight section area of the rotor’s internal channel, namely 0.25 times, 0.5 times, 0.75 times, 1 times, 1.25 times, and 1.5 times. The analysis of the obtained results indicates several significant relationships. Firstly, it is observed that the available moment exhibits a linear decrease as the tip-jet-driven rotor speed increases. Secondly, the maximum available moment is attained when the tip-jet-driven rotor length (L) satisfies the relationship L = Vr/2ω. Additionally, the maximum available power is achieved when the transport velocity of the tip-jet-driven rotor nozzle is precisely half of the relative velocity of the nozzle. Moreover, under the condition that the mass flow rate of the tip-jet-driven rotor nozzle remains constant, a positive correlation between the available moment and the reduction in the tip-jet-driven rotor nozzle area is noted.
Profitability Analysis of the Robusta Coffee Value Chain in the Tshopo Province, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Bamenga Bopoko Louis Pasteur , Trefon Theodore , Mate Jean-Pierre , Michel Baudouin
Published: January 2025

This article addresses the financial viability of agents in the robusta coffee sector. The objective is to calculate and analyze the profitability performance of the coffee sector in Tshopo in order to inform the subsequent development of business projects in the robusta coffee sector. Moreover, the analysis will assist decision-makers and investors in determining the optimal allocation of funds to the most profitable links in the robusta coffee sector in Tshopo. A cost-benefit analysis was conducted, employing a discounting methodology to evaluate the cash flows of agents engaged in the robusta coffee sector. This entailed the calculation of the net present value, internal rate of return, and payback period. The results demonstrate that the coffee sector is performing well, with agents’ cash flow sufficient to repay the initial investment. It can thus be concluded that, in consideration of the favorable profitability criteria, there is minimal risk in investing in the robusta coffee sector in Tshopo.
Efficient Triple Attention and AttentionMix: A Novel Network for Fine-Grained Crop Disease Classification
Authors: Zhang Yanqi , Zhang Ning , Zhu Jingbo , Sun Tan , Chai Xiujuan , Dong Wei
Published: January 2025

In the face of global climate change, crop pests and diseases have emerged on a large scale, with diverse species lasting for long periods and exerting wide-ranging impacts. Identifying crop pests and diseases efficiently and accurately is crucial in enhancing crop yields. Nonetheless, the complexity and variety of scenarios render this a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a fine-grained crop disease classification network integrating the efficient triple attention (ETA) module and the AttentionMix data enhancement strategy. The ETA module is capable of capturing channel attention and spatial attention information more effectively, which contributes to enhancing the representational capacity of deep CNNs. Additionally, AttentionMix can effectively address the label misassignment issue in CutMix, a commonly used method for obtaining high-quality data samples. The ETA module and AttentionMix can work together on deep CNNs for greater performance gains. We conducted experiments on our self-constructed crop disease dataset and on the widely used IP102 plant pest and disease classification dataset. The results showed that the network, which combined the ETA module and AttentionMix, could reach an accuracy as high as 98.2% on our crop disease dataset. When it came to the IP102 dataset, this network achieved an accuracy of 78.7% and a recall of 70.2%. In comparison with advanced attention models such as ECANet and Triplet Attention, our proposed model exhibited an average performance improvement of 5.3% and 4.4%, respectively. All of this implies that the proposed method is both practical and applicable for classifying diseases in the majority of crop types. Based on classification results from the proposed network, an install-free WeChat mini program that enables real-time automated crop disease recognition by taking photos with a smartphone camera was developed. This study can provide an accurate and timely diagnosis of crop pests and diseases, thereby providing a solution reference for smart agriculture.
Crop–Livestock Integrated Systems Improve Soil Health in Tropical Sandy Soils
Authors: Vanolli Beatriz da Silva , Dias Henrique Boriolo , da Luz Felipe Bonini , Lamparelli Rubens Augusto Camargo , Magalhães Paulo Sergio Graziano , Cherubin Maurício Roberto
Published: January 2025

The degradation of pastures in tropical regions, particularly in sandy soils, poses significant challenges to sustainable agricultural practices. Crop–livestock integration (CLI) systems have emerged as a promising strategy to restore these degraded soils. This study evaluated the impact of land-use transitions on soil health in Western São Paulo, Brazil, focusing on the conversion from pasture (Urochloa brizantha) to CLI systems with U. brizantha (CLI-u) and M. maximum (CLI-m). A comprehensive set of chemicals (pH, phosphorus, potassium), physical (aggregate stability, bulk density), and biological (β-glucosidase activity, soil organic carbon) indicators were assessed across four land-use types: native vegetation (NV), pasture (PA), CLI-u, and CLI-m. The Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF) was applied to calculate the Soil Health Index (SHI) across three soil depths (0–0.1 m, 0.1–0.2 m, 0.2–0.3 m). At the surface layer (0–0.1 m), PA and NV exhibited the highest SHI values (0.65 and 0.63, respectively), while CLI-m showed a lower SHI (0.56). In the subsurface layer (0.1–0.2 m), CLI-m and NV presented the highest SHI values (0.66 and 0.67, respectively), whereas PA and CLI-u had lower values (0.52 and 0.58). At the deepest layer (0.2–0.3 m), SHI values in CLI systems were comparable to NV (0.56), while PA recorded the lowest SHI (0.48). These results demonstrate that land-use transitions and management practices significantly affect soil health in sandy soils. The findings underscore the potential of CLI systems, particularly those incorporating M. maximum, to enhance biological and chemical soil health indicators in tropical agroecosystems. Further refinement of CLI management strategies is essential to optimize soil health recovery in sandy soil ecosystems.
Coffee Compounds Protection Against Lipotoxicity Is Associated with Lipid Droplet Formation and Antioxidant Response in Primary Rat Hepatocytes
Authors: Arroyave-Ospina Johanna C. , Martínez Magnolia , Buist-Homan Manon , Palasantzas Victoria , Arrese Marco , Moshage Han
Published: January 2025

Metabolic dysfunction associated with steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the result of disturbed lipid metabolism. In MASLD, the accumulation of free fatty acids (FFAs) in hepatocytes causes lipotoxicity mediated by oxidative stress. Coffee compounds are known for their beneficial effects in MASLD; however, the mechanisms still need to be further explored. The aim of this study was to elucidate the protective mechanisms of coffee compounds against palmitate-induced lipotoxicity in primary hepatocytes. Methods: Primary hepatocytes were isolated from male Wistar rats and treated with palmitate (1 mmol/L) in combination with caffeine (CF: 1 mmol/L) or chlorogenic acid (CGA: 5 µmol/L). Mitochondrial ROS production, palmitate-induced necrosis, antioxidant response, ER stress markers and lipid droplet (LD) formation were assessed. Monoacylglycerols 2-SG (2-Stearolylglycerol), 2-OG (2-Oleoylglycerol) and SCD-1 (Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1) inhibitors were used to modulate LD formation. LD formation in steatotic Zucker rat hepatocytes was also investigated. Results: CF and CGA prevented palmitate-induced cell death and reduced ROS production. CF and CGA induced the antioxidant response, especially HO-1 expression, but had no significant effect on ER stress markers. CF and CGA increased LD formation in palmitate-treated cells. This effect was significantly reduced by 2-SG and SCD-1 inhibitors but enhanced by 2-OG. Lipid droplets were associated with lower palmitate toxicity and reduced ROS production. Conclusions: CF and CGA protect hepatocytes from lipotoxicity via modulation of the antioxidant response and enhance lipid droplet formation via an SCD-1-dependent mechanism. Oxidative stress-related toxicity in hepatocytes can be prevented by enhancing LD formation.
Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution of Enavogliflozin in Mice Using a Validated Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method
Authors: Pang Minyeong , Lee Jihoon , Choi Min-Koo , Song Im-Sook
Published: January 2025

Enavogliflozin, a sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, was approved in 2022 by the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety as a therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes mellitus and has been investigated for expanded therapeutic efficacy in diabetic retinopathy and cardioprotection. In this study, we developed and validated an analytical method to precisely detect enavogliflozin in mouse plasma, employing liquid–liquid extraction combined with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Overall, the analytical method, covering a range of 5–3000 ng/mL, is reliable for investigating the time-concentration profiles of enavogliflozin, demonstrating acceptable accuracy, precision, extraction recovery, and minimal matrix effects without stability concerns as evidenced by assessments of post-treatment stability, freeze–thaw stability, and short-term stability of enavogliflozin. Pharmacokinetic profiles and all pharmacokinetic parameters of enavogliflozin in mice did not differ between fed and fasted states after oral administration of enavogliflozin (1 mg/kg). Additionally, no differences in the pharmacokinetic profiles of enavogliflozin were observed among single, 7-day repeated, and 14-day repeated oral administrations at 1 mg/kg. In the tissue distribution study, enavogliflozin showed the highest distribution in the kidneys, followed by the large intestine, stomach, small intestine, liver, heart, lungs, spleen, and testes after oral administration at both 1 and 3 mg/kg doses. Dose proportionality in tissue distribution was observed except for the kidneys. In conclusion, enavogliflozin can be administered without concern for pharmacokinetic changes, regardless of single or multiple dosing and whether in fed or fasted states. Furthermore, the tissue distribution profile may offer valuable insights into the therapeutic potential of this drug.
Is Physical Exercise Beneficial for People with Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome? Findings from a Systematic Review
Authors: Ayán-Pérez Carlos , Carballo-Afonso Rocío , Bueno-Russo Rodrigo , González-Devesa Daniel
Published: January 2025

Background: The aim of the study was to identify and critically evaluate the best available evidence on the impact of physical exercise on patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Methods: Studies were searched in four electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and SportDiscus) from their inception up to September 2024. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the 10-point Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale and the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS). Results: A total of four randomized controlled trials and one comparative study were analyzed. The training programs evaluated varied in duration, ranging from 12 to 28 weeks. Exercise was found to have a positive intra-group impact on fatigue, quality of life, and functional capacity. However, exercise does not demonstrate superior effects compared to standard treatment for improving quality of life and disease impact. Conclusions: It is essential to increase the number of studies involving individuals with primary Sjögren’s syndrome across various exercise conditions to more comprehensively evaluate the potential benefits.