bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel allyl-hydrazones including 2,4-dinitrophenyl and 1,2,3-triazole moieties as optical sensor for ammonia and chromium ions in water
Authors: Mohamed Hanan A. , Abdel-Wahab Bakr F. , Yousif Mahmoud N. M. , Abdelhameed Reda M.
Published: April 2022

It is critical to take safety action if carcinogenic heavy metals and ammonia can be detected quickly, cheaply, and selectively in an environmental sample. As a result, compound 4a [4-(1-(2-(2,4-Dinitrophenyl)hydrazineylidene)-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)allyl)-5-methyl-1-phenyl-1 H-1,2,3-triazole] and compound 4b [4-(1-(2-(2,4-Dinitrophenyl)hydrazineylidene)-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)allyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1 H-1,2,3-triazole] were prepared. The aldol condensation process of 4-acetyl-1,2,3-triazoles 1a,b (Ar = C6H4; 4-FC6H4) with 2-naphthaldehyde yields 1-acetyl-1,2,3-triazoles 1a,b (Ar = C6H4; 4-FC6H4) (5-methyl-1-aryl-1 H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl) -3-(naphthalen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-ones 3a,b with a yield of around 95%. The target compounds 4a,b are obtained in around 88% yield by condensation of 3a,b with (2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazine in a refluxing acidic medium. Compounds 4a,b exhibited possible colorimetric detection for chromium ion in the range of 0–14 ppm and ammonia in the range of 0–20 ppm. As a result, this research suggests that strong electron-withdraw groups in related probes can improve anion detection ability, while the conjugation effect should also be considered while building structures.
Responses to defoliation of Robinia pseudoacacia L. and Sophora japonica L. are soil water condition dependent
Authors: Li Mingyan , Guo Xiao , Liu Lele , Liu Jian , Du Ning , Guo Weihua
Published: April 2022

Key message

Defoliation significantly affected biomass allocation of Robinia pseudoacacia L. and Sophora japonica L., but leaf physiology readjusted to control levels at the end of the experiment. Considering carbon or sink limitation and relative height growth rate, defoliated R. pseudoacacia grew faster than S. japonica under well-watered conditions, while defoliated S. japonica and R. pseudoacacia had similar performance under drought conditions.

Context

Climate change may result in increases of both drought intensity and insect survival, thereby affecting both exotic and native trees in warm temperate forests.

Aims

In this study, we examined the interaction effects of defoliation and drought on an exotic species Robinia pseudoacacia and a native species Sophora japonica in a warm temperate area, to provide a theoretical basis for predicting the distribution and dynamics of the two species under future climate change.

Methods

In a greenhouse, both species were exposed to three soil moisture (75%, 55%, and 35% of field capacity) and three defoliation treatments (no defoliation, 50% defoliation, and 100% defoliation). Leaf physiology, biomass, and non-structural carbohydrate were determined.

Results

Leaf physiology of defoliated trees did not differ from controls trees, but defoliated seedlings allocated relatively more resources to the leaves at the end of the experiment. In well-watered conditions, defoliated R. pseudoacacia was not carbon or sink limited and defoliated S. japonica was carbon limited, while defoliated individuals of the two species were sink limited under drought. Defoliated R. pseudoacacia grow more rapidly than S. japonica in well-watered conditions. Defoliated R. pseudoacacia had a similar growth rate to S. japonica in drought.

Conclusions

Defoliation clearly affects biomass allocation of the two species, but not leaf physiology. Considering the carbon or sink limitation, the growth of S. japonica and R. pseudoacacia may be limited by future global climate change scenarios.
Knockdown of circ_0003928 ameliorates high glucose-induced dysfunction of human tubular epithelial cells through the miR-506-3p/HDAC4 pathway in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Liu Qiong , Cui Yuanyuan , Ding Nan , Zhou Changxue
Published: April 2022

Background

Previous data have indicated the importance of circular RNA (circRNA) in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The study is designed to investigate the effects of circ_0003928 on oxidative stress and apoptosis of high glucose (HG)-treated human tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) and the underlying mechanism.

Methods

The DN cell model was established by inducing HK-2 cells using 30 mmol/L D-glucose. RNA expression of circ_0003928, miR-506-3p and histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cell viability and proliferation were investigated by cell counting kit-8 and 5-Ethynyl-29-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays, respectively. Oxidative stress was evaluated by commercial kits. Caspase 3 activity and cell apoptotic rate were assessed by a caspase 3 activity assay and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Protein expression was detected by Western blotting analysis. The interactions among circ_0003928, miR-506-3p and HDAC4 were identified by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays.

Results

Circ_0003928 and HDAC4 expression were significantly upregulated, while miR-506-3p was downregulated in the serum of DN patients and HG-induced HK-2 cells. HG treatment inhibited HK-2 cell proliferation, but induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis; however, these effects were reversed after circ_0003928 depletion. Circ_0003928 acted as a miR-506-3p sponge, and HDAC4 was identified as a target gene of miR-506-3p. Moreover, the circ_0003928/miR-506-3p/HDAC4 axis regulated HG-induced HK-2 cell dysfunction.

Conclusion

Circ_0003928 acted as a sponge for miR-506-3p to regulate HG-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis of HK-2 cells through HDAC4, which suggested that circ_0003928 might be helpful in the therapy of DN.
Circulating Metabolic Biomarkers Are Consistently Associated With Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Asian and European Populations
Authors: Seah Jowy Yi Hoong , Hong Yueheng , Cichońska Anna , Sabanayagam Charumathi , Nusinovici Simon , Wong Tien Yin , Cheng Ching-Yu , Jousilahti Pekka , Lundqvist Annamari , Perola Markus , Salomaa Veikko , Tai E Shyong , Würtz Peter , van Dam Rob M , Sim Xueling
Published: April 2022

Context

While Asians have a higher risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) than Europeans for a given body mass index (BMI), it remains unclear whether the same markers of metabolic pathways are associated with diabetes.

Objective

We evaluated associations between metabolic biomarkers and incidence of T2D in 3 major Asian ethnic groups (Chinese, Malay, and Indian) and a European population.

Methods

We analyzed data from adult males and females of 2 cohorts from Singapore (n = 6393) consisting of Chinese, Malays, and Indians and 3 cohorts of European-origin participants from Finland (n = 14 558). We used nuclear magnetic resonance to quantify 154 circulating metabolic biomarkers at baseline and performed logistic regression to assess associations with T2D risk adjusted for age, sex, BMI and glycemic markers.

Results

Of the 154 metabolic biomarkers, 59 were associated with higher risk of T2D in both Asians and Europeans (P < 0.0003, Bonferroni-corrected). These included branched chain and aromatic amino acids, the inflammatory marker glycoprotein acetyls, total fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, apolipoprotein B, larger very low-density lipoprotein particle sizes, and triglycerides. In addition, 13 metabolites were associated with a lower T2D risk in both populations, including omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and larger high-density lipoprotein particle sizes. Associations were consistent within the Asian ethnic groups (all Phet ≥ 0.05) and largely consistent for the Asian and European populations (Phet ≥ 0.05 for 128 of 154 metabolic biomarkers).

Conclusion

Metabolic biomarkers across several biological pathways were consistently associated with T2D risk in Asians and Europeans.
Patterns and Persistence of Perioperative Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Neuroinflammatory Protein Biomarkers After Elective Orthopedic Surgery Using SOMAscan
Authors: Dillon Simon T. , Otu Hasan H. , Ngo Long H. , Fong Tamara G. , Vasunilashorn Sarinnapha M. , Xie Zhongcong , Kunze Lisa J. , Vlassakov Kamen V. , Abdeen Ayesha , Lange Jeffrey K. , Earp Brandon E. , Cooper Zara R. , Schmitt Eva M. , Arnold Steven E. , Hshieh Tammy T. , Jones Richard N. , Inouye Sharon K. , Marcantonio Edward R. , Libermann Towia A. ,   RISE Study Group
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND:

The neuroinflammatory response to surgery can be characterized by peripheral acute plasma protein changes in blood, but corresponding, persisting alterations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins remain mostly unknown. Using the SOMAscan assay, we define acute and longer-term proteome changes associated with surgery in plasma and CSF. We hypothesized that biological pathways identified by these proteins would be in the categories of neuroinflammation and neuronal function and define neuroinflammatory proteome changes associated with surgery in older patients.

METHODS:

SOMAscan analyzed 1305 proteins in blood plasma (n = 14) and CSF (n = 15) samples from older patients enrolled in the Role of Inflammation after Surgery for Elders (RISE) study undergoing elective hip and knee replacement surgery with spinal anesthesia. Systems biology analysis identified biological pathways enriched among the surgery-associated differentially expressed proteins in plasma and CSF.

RESULTS:

Comparison of postoperative day 1 (POD1) to preoperative (PREOP) plasma protein levels identified 343 proteins with postsurgical changes (P < .05; absolute value of the fold change [|FC|] > 1.2). Comparing postoperative 1-month (PO1MO) plasma and CSF with PREOP identified 67 proteins in plasma and 79 proteins in CSF with altered levels (P < .05; |FC| > 1.2). In plasma, 21 proteins, primarily linked to immune response and inflammation, were similarly changed at POD1 and PO1MO. Comparison of plasma to CSF at PO1MO identified 8 shared proteins. Comparison of plasma at POD1 to CSF at PO1MO identified a larger number, 15 proteins in common, most of which are regulated by interleukin-6 (IL-6) or transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFB1) and linked to the inflammatory response. Of the 79 CSF PO1MO-specific proteins, many are involved in neuronal function and neuroinflammation.

CONCLUSIONS:

SOMAscan can characterize both short- and long-term surgery-induced protein alterations in plasma and CSF. Acute plasma protein changes at POD1 parallel changes in PO1MO CSF and suggest 15 potential biomarkers for longer-term neuroinflammation that warrant further investigation.
Urinary Catheterization Induces Delirium-Like Behavior Through Glucose Metabolism Impairment in Mice
Authors: Jiang Zhangjie , Liang Feng , Zhang Yida , Dong Yuanlin , Song Annie , Zhu Xiaoping , Zhang Yiying , Xie Zhongcong
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND:

Delirium, an acute confusion status, is associated with adverse effects, including the development of Alzheimer’s disease. However, the etiology and underlying mechanisms of delirium remain largely to be determined. Many patients have urinary catheterization (UC), and UC is associated with delirium. However, the cause effects of UC-associated delirium and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. We, therefore, established an animal model of UC, without urinary tract infection, in mice and determined whether UC could induce delirium-like behavior in the mice and the underlying mechanism of these effects.

METHODS:

Adult female mice (16 weeks old) had UC placement under brief isoflurane anesthesia. The delirium-like behavior was determined using our established mice model at 3, 6, 9, and 24 hours after UC placement. We measured the amounts of glucose in both blood and brain interstitial fluid, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration in the cortex, and glucose transporter 1 in the cortex of mice using western blot, immunohistochemistry imaging, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and fluorescence at 6 hours after the UC placement. Finally, we used vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the interaction studies.

RESULTS:

We found that UC induced delirium-like behavior in mice at 3, 6, 9, but not 24 hours after the UC placement. UC decreased glucose amounts in brain interstitial fluid (86.38% ± 4.99% vs 100% ± 6.26%, P = .003), but not blood of mice and reduced ATP amounts (84.49% ± 8.85% vs 100% ± 10.64%, P = .031) in the cortex of mice. Finally, UC reduced both protein amount (85.49% ± 6.83% vs 100% ± 11.93%, P = .040) and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression (41.95% ± 6.48% vs 100% ± 19.80%, P = .017) of glucose transporter 1 in the cortex of mice. VEGF attenuated these UC-induced changes.

CONCLUSIONS:

These data demonstrated that UC decreased brain glucose and energy amounts via impairing the glucose transport from blood to brain, leading to delirium-like behavior in mice. These findings will promote more research to identify the etiologies and underlying mechanisms of delirium.
Rivaroxaban Reduces the Dabigatran Dose Required for Anticoagulation During Simulated Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Nadtochiy Sergiy M. , Stefanos Tatsiana , Angona Ronald E. , Lebedko Natalie , Baldzizhar Aksana , Feng Changyong , Eaton Michael P.
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND:

Heparin is the standard anticoagulant for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB); however, there are problems with its use that make the development of suitable alternatives desirable. Currently, no ideal alternative exists. We have previously reported that the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran can prevent coagulation in simulated CPB at high concentrations. These high concentrations may cause difficulties in achieving the reversal of dabigatran with idarucizumab, given the markedly different pharmacokinetics of the 2 drugs. Herein, we test the hypothesis that the addition of the anti-Xa drug rivaroxaban would provide suitable anticoagulation at a lower concentration of dabigatran given likely synergy between the 2 classes of drugs. The primary goal of the study was to investigate whether the addition of rivaroxaban reduces the concentration of dabigatran necessary to allow 2 hours of simulated CPB.

METHODS:

The study was performed in sequential steps. Blood collected from consenting healthy donors was used throughout. First, we added graded concentrations of dabigatran and rivaroxaban alone and in combination and assessed inhibition of anticoagulation using thromboelastometry. Using results from this step, combinations of dabigatran and rivaroxaban were tested in both Chandler loop and simulated CPB circuits. Dabigatran and rivaroxaban were added before recalcification, and the circuits were run for 120 minutes. In both models of CPB, 120 minutes of circulation without visible thrombus was considered successful. In the Chandler loop system, idarucizumab was added to reverse anticoagulant effects. In the CPB circuits, the arterial line filters were examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM) to qualitatively assess for fibrin deposition.

RESULTS:

In vitro analysis of blood samples treated with dabigatran and rivaroxaban showed that dabigatran and rivaroxaban individually prolonged clotting time (CT) in a dose-dependent manner. However, when combined, the drugs behaved synergistically. In the Chandler loop system, dabigatran 2400 and 4800 ng/mL plus rivaroxaban (150 ng/mL) effectively prevented clot formation and reduced the dynamics of clot propagation for 120 minutes. Idarucizumab (250–1000 µg/mL) effectively reversed anticoagulation. In the CPB circuits, dabigatran (2500 ng/mL) and rivaroxaban (200 ng/mL) were successful in allowing 120 minutes of simulated CPB and prevented fibrin deposition. Biomarkers of coagulation activation did not increase during simulated CPB. Heparin controls performed similarly to dabigatran and rivaroxaban.

CONCLUSIONS:

The dual administration of oral anticoagulant drugs (dabigatran and Rivaroxaban) with different pharmacologic mechanisms of action produced synergistic inhibition of coagulation in vitro and successfully prevented clotting during simulated CPB.
Higher 24-h Total Movement Activity Percentile Is Associated with Better Cognitive Performance in U.S. Older Adults
Authors: DOOLEY ERIN E. , PALTA PRIYA , WOLFF-HUGHES DANA L. , MARTINEZ-AMEZCUA PABLO , STAUDENMAYER JOHN , TROIANO RICHARD P. , PETTEE GABRIEL KELLEY
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This study aimed to assess the association of a wrist-worn, device-based metric of 24-h movement with cognitive function and subjective cognitive complaints among older adults, 60 yr and older.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional analysis of the 2011–2012 and 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles. A wrist-worn ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer captured total 24-h movement activity, analyzed as Monitor-Independent Movement Summary units (MIMS-units), and quantified into placement based on an age- and sex-standardized percentile. Cognitive tests in the domains of memory, language/verbal fluency, and executive performance were administered. Test-specific cognitive z-scores were generated. Subjective cognitive complaints included perceived difficulty remembering and confusion/memory loss.

Results

The analytical sample included 2708 U.S. older adults (69.5 ± 0.2 yr, 55% female, 20.9% non-White). Multivariable linear regressions revealed those in quartiles 3 (50th–74th percentile) and 4 (≥75th percentile) for their age and sex had higher cognitive function z-scores across all domains compared with those in quartile 1. Logistic regressions demonstrated those in quartiles 3 and 4 also had lower odds of reporting difficulty remembering (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.31–0.89; AOR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.37–0.88) and confusion/memory loss (AOR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.27–0.91; AOR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.27–0.98), respectively, compared with those in quartile 1.

Conclusions

In a representative sample of U.S. older adults, higher cognitive functioning occurs among those that perform total 24-h movement activity at or above the 50th percentile for their age and sex. Future studies should consider movement behaviors across a 24-h period on cognitive health outcomes in older adults. More research exploring prospective associations of MIMS-units and time-use behaviors across midlife and older adulthood that may affect cognitive functioning across diverse populations is needed.
Validation and clinical application of a method to quantify efavirenz in cervicovaginal secretions from flocked swabs using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Olagunju Adeniyi , Nwogu Jacinta , Eniayewu Oluwasegun , Atoyebi Shakir , Amara Alieu , Kpamor John , Bolaji Oluseye , Adejuyigbe Ebunoluwa , Owen Andrew , Khoo Saye
Published: April 2022

Background : A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method to quantify drugs in dried cervicovaginal secretions from flocked swabs was developed and validated using the antiretroviral efavirenz as an example.

Methods: Cervicovaginal swabs (CVS) were prepared by submerging flocked swabs in efavirenz-spiked plasma matrix. Time to full saturation, weight uniformity, recovery and room temperature stability were evaluated. Chromatographic separation was on a reverse-phase C18 column by gradient elution using 1mM ammonium acetate in water/acetonitrile at 400 µL/min. Detection and quantification were on a TSQ Quantum Access triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operated in negative ionisation mode. The method was used to quantify efavirenz in CVS samples from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women in the VADICT study (NCT03284645). A total of 98 samples (35 paired intensive CVS and DBS pharmacokinetic samples, 14 paired sparse CVS and DBS samples) from 19 participants were available for this analysis.

Results: Swabs were fully saturated within 15 seconds, absorbing 128 µL of plasma matrix with coefficient of variation (%CV) below 1.3%. The method was linear with a weighting factor (1/X) in the range of 25-10000 ng/mL with inter- and intra-day precision (% CV) of 7.69-14.9%, and accuracy (% bias) of 99.1-105.3%. Mean recovery of efavirenz from CVS was 83.8% (%CV, 11.2) with no significant matrix effect. Efavirenz remained stable in swabs for at least 35 days after drying and storage at room temperature. Median (range) CVS efavirenz AUC 0-24h was 16370 ng*h/mL (5803-22088), C max was 1618 ng/mL (610-2438) at a T max of 8.0 h (8.0-12), and C min was 399 ng/mL (110-981). Efavirenz CVS:plasma AUC 0-24h ratio was 0.41 (0.20-0.59).

Conclusions: Further application of this method will improve our understanding of the pharmacology of other therapeutics in the female genital tract, including in low- and middle-income countries.
Prognostic value of lactate in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Charlton Karl , Stagg Hayley
Published: April 2022

Background:

The prognostic role of lactate in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains unclear.

Aims:

To explore serum lactate as a predictor of return of spontaneous circulation in patients experiencing OHCA after arrival at hospital.

Methods:

This 13-month prospective observational cohort study involved patients aged ≥18 years. Serum lactate levels were measured during cardiopulmonary resuscitation before ROSC. Patients were divided into two groups by lactate level: Group 1, low (≤9.9 mmol/l) and Group 2, high (≥10 mmol/l).

Findings:

105 patients were included, 50 in group 1 and 55 group 2. Median lactate were 7.4 mmol/l and 14.2 mmol/l respectively. More patients in group 1 were found with ventricular fibrillation (40% versus 14.5%; P≤0.01), obtained ROSC more quickly (37 minutes 38 seconds versus 39 minutes 13 seconds; P=0.79) and achieved short-term survival (survived >24 hours) (40% versus 23.5%; P=0.32), versus group 2; prediction of survival did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusion:

Lower lactate levels in OHCA appear to be associated with better short-term outcomes but the cut-off points regarding survival remain unclear.
Chemosterilization in Male: ‘Past And Present’ in Reproductive Biology
Authors: Sengupta Pallav , Dutta Sulagna
Published: April 2022

The effects of chemosterilizing agents on the testes and sperm production and maturation are much less understood than their effects on the ovaries and oogenesis. It was discovered that sterilising male insects with ionising radiation caused the emergence of chromosome-wide or chromatid-specific dominant lethal mutations, which led to the development of the classical male castration techniques1, 2. It was discovered in those investigations that alterations were not frequently found on spermatozoa, but that they were commonly visible in anomalies during the division of the zygote in the fertilised egg2, 3. Dominant lethal mutation in the screw-worm, Cochliomyia hominivorax, were first discussed vividly by LaChance & Riemann (1964)3 and LaChance & Crystal (1965)4, in the most classic experiments ever conducted. Detailed information on and complications related to dominant lethal mutations in insects caused by irradiation and sterilizing agents have been enumerated by LaChance (1967), who has also incorporated a detailed references containing research that dispensed this arena long before the era when chemosterilizing agents were introduced into the scientific community5.
Unusual Course of Posterior Intercostal Vein at the 3rd Intercostal Space – A Case Report
Authors: Esakkiammal. N Esakkiammal. N , Archana. R Archana. R , WMS Johnson WMS Johnson
Published: April 2022

The posterior intercostal veins drain the thoracic wall and lie in the costal grooves along with the intercostal arteries and nerves posterior to the thoracic sympathetic chain. During routine dissection of the posterior mediastinum of a formalin-fixed male cadaver in the Anatomy department of an undergraduate and postgraduate teaching medical college in India, a large-sized posterior intercostal vein was identified crossing anterior to the thoracic sympathetic chain at the level of the 3rd intercostal space on the right side. The presence of such variation may hinder the surgical procedure of the posterior mediastinum and will pose an increased risk of intraoperative or postoperative bleeding. Knowledge of such variation is necessary to avoid laceration of the posterior intercostal vein, which is the potential cause of bleeding in the region of the thorax.
A Comprehensive Review Study on: Optimized Data Mining, Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques for Breast Cancer Prediction in Big Data Context
Authors: Kirola Madhu , Memoria Minakshi , Dumka Ankur , Tripathi Amrendra , Joshi Kapil
Published: April 2022

In recent years, big data in health care is commonly used for the prediction of diseases. The most common cancer is breast cancer infections of metropolitan Indian women as well as in women worldwide with a broadly factor occurrence among nations and regions. According to WHO, among 14% of all cancer tumours in women breast cancer is well-known cancer in women in India also. Few researches have been done on breast cancer prediction on Big data. Big data is now triggering a revolution in healthcare, resulting in better and more optimized outcomes. Rapid technological advancements have increased data generation; EHR (Electronic Health Record) systems produce a massive amount of patient-level data. In the healthcare industry, applications of big data will help to improve outcomes. However, the traditional prediction models have less efficiency in terms of accuracy and error rate. This review article is about the comparative assessment of complex data mining, machine learning, deep learning models used for identifying breast cancer because accuracy rate of any particular algorithm depends on various factors such as implementation framework, datasets(small or large),types of dataset used(attribute based or image based)etc. Aim of this review article is to help to choose the appropriate breast cancer prediction techniques specifically in the Big data environment to produce effective and efficient result, Because “Early detection is the key to prevention-in case of any cancer”.
Functional Characteristics of Young Men Who Regularly Experience Feasible Physical Activity
Authors: Medvedev Ilya N. , S. Kachenkova Ekaterina , A. Ovchinnikova Marina , V. Zbrueva Yulia , V. Kulkova Irina
Published: April 2022

In the modern world, college-age youth often have various somatic dysfunctions and pathologies. This places an additional burden on hospitals and further increases costs in the health care system. Moreover, this situation threatens to weaken the intellectual and general labor potential of the society. The emerging circumstance may negatively affect the state of the economy. Low functional characteristics of modern youth are directly related to their low physical activity. This leads to a weakening of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems in young people, greatly reduces the general functionality and forms the risk of developing pathology. Improvement of widely applicable schemes of dosed physical activity among young people, aimed at mass health improvement and increase in general working capacity, is becoming very urgent. The appointment of the scheme of systematic physical training developed by the authors with the use of simulators that activate the muscles of the trunk and extremities showed its greater efficiency in young men in terms of stimulating the functions of the heart and respiratory system. Against the background of regular trainings according to the tested scheme, the boys' physical performance increased and their functional reserves increased. The developed training technique made it possible to optimize hemodynamics, significantly increase resistance to hypoxia, heart and lung reserves, and also increase overall physical activity in young men studying at the university.
Development and Validation of a UV-spectroscopic Method for the Analysis of Black Plum in Marketed Preparations Using Ethanol as a Solvent
Authors: Ferdowsy Koly Sabiha , Munira Shirajum , Zaman Sonia , Shahriar Saimon , Amran Shah , Chowdhury Abu Asad
Published: April 2022

Herbal drugs are composed of single or several types of medicinal plants with additives. This type of preparations is gaining a wide range of popularity among a large a number of people throughout the world. With the increase of usage, it is necessary to maintain the quality of these drug preparations. Therefore, analytical approaches for their intended use in drug quality evaluation need to be validated. Our aim was to develop simple, rapid, selective, precise and economical UV-spectroscopic method for the quality control of black plum containing herbal preparation in different marketed formulation. Spectrometric analysis of black plum using ethanol shows the maximum absorbance at 279 nm. It has shown linear absorbance over the concentration range of 0.1-0.5 µg/ml with R2 value 0.9914. The developed method was validated as per ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines for various parameters namely linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness. The results were calculated statistically and it showed compliance with ICH guidelines. The relative standard deviation values and percent recovery has been found to be satisfactory, suggesting that the approach proposed is accurate. This proposed method can thus be used for the regular analytical study of black plum in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation.
Prospects for a New Materialist Informatics: Introduction to a Special Issue
Authors: Klumbytė Goda , Draude Claude
Published: April 2022

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Una estructura neurodidáctica para el desarrollo de las funciones ejecutivas en los adolescentes
Authors: Ramos Regalado Iris , Codina Mònica , Aldana Duby , Piédrola Isabel
Published: April 2022

Existe un creciente interés por generar prácticas neuroeducativas que pongan el foco en los procesos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes con el fin de poder generar cambios en sus capacidades cognitivas y, por ende, facilitar una mejoría del rendimiento académico.A lo largo de este artículo se presenta una estructura neurodidáctica diseñada para el desarrollo de las funciones ejecutivas (FE) en la etapa adolescente y pensada para ser incorporada en las distintas materias escolares, dado que, si se quiere incidir en las FE, estas deben estar integradas de manera transversal dentro de la competencia aprender a aprender. Para su aplicación, se plantea un estudio dividido en tres fases.Finalmente, se argumenta la necesidad de promover estrategias comunes para la creación de aulas neuroeducativas que desarrollen las funciones ejecutivas, favorezcan el buen desarrollo cognitivo de los adolescentes y aporten un cambio de mirada a los profesionales de la educación sobre el desarrollo y las potencialidades de la mente adolescente.
Revisión teórica de la relación entre Memoria de Trabajo, Estilo Cognitivo Dependencia/Independencia de Campo y Estilos de Enseñanza con el Rendimiento Académico
Authors: Flórez Durango Ana María , Toro Carlos Andrés , Montoya-Zuluaga Paula Andrea
Published: April 2022

El objetivo del presente artículo de revisión fue identificar la relación existente entre la Memoria de Trabajo, el Estilo Cognitivo Dependencia/Independencia de Campo y el Estilo de Enseñanza con el Rendimiento Académico. Se encontró que la Memoria de Trabajo es un predictor significativo del Rendimiento Académico, demostrándose que aquellos niños que poseen deficiencias en este sistema de memoria, tienden a tener dificultades específicamente en lectura y matemáticas. Con relación al estilo cognitivo Dependencia-Independencia de Campo, se muestra que los niños Independientes de Campo tienen un Rendimiento Académico más alto que los Dependientes de Campo; no obstante, se encuentra que, dependiendo del área de conocimiento, la correspondencia entre el estilo cognitivo del docente y del niño, es una variable que facilita los logros académicos, lo que complejiza establecer una relación directa entre la Independencia de Campo y el Rendimiento Académico, máxime si se tiene en cuenta que algunos estudios indican que en los niños de 6 y 7 años no se evidencia el estilo cognitivo Independiente de Campo pero sí el Dependiente de Campo. Referente a los Estilos de Enseñanza, se plantea una relación directa con el Rendimiento Académico. Se puede concluir que las variables independientes neuropsicológicas (Memoria de Trabajo del estudiante), psicológicas (estilo cognitivo Dependencia-Independencia de Campo, tanto del estudiante como del docente) y pedagógicas (Estilo de Enseñanza del docente) son factores que se relacionan con la variable dependiente Rendimiento Académico. De acuerdo con lo anterior, se destaca entonces que existen pocas investigaciones que aborden las distintas variables independientes en relación con el Rendimiento Académico, máxime en la población de 6 a 8 años de edad, confirmando la complejidad para instaurar, a partir de evidencia empírica, las variables relacionadas con el aprendizaje escolar, en tanto incurren diversos factores que no sólo afectan al estudiante, sino su contexto y las interacciones adecuadas que se tengan con el mismo.
Neurociencia aplicada a la educación en Costa Rica
Authors: Chaverri Chaves Pablo
Published: April 2022

Este artículo presenta una revisión sobre la neurociencia aplicada en la educación en Costa Rica basada en una consulta a investigadores vinculados con este campo. En una primera sección se refiere a los orígenes de la neurociencia aplicada a la educación. Seguidamente aborda las iniciativas actuales sobre aplicación de la neurociencia a la educación. Posteriormente identifica obstáculos para la aplicación de la neurociencia a la educación. A continuación señala oportunidades de la neurociencia aplicada a la educación. Finalmente plantea recomendaciones para el avance de la neurociencia aplicada a la educación.
If you build it, will they come?
Authors: Proud Steven
Published: April 2022

INTRODUCTION. Active learning has been demonstrated to lead to better learning outcomes for students within education, but within higher education institutions, there are still a wide range of barriers that prevent active learning from taking place.
METHOD. In this article, I discuss some of the key barriers, including the design of the teaching space, the use of new technologies (such as lecture capture), and challenges created by the COVID-19 pandemic.
RESULTS & DISCUSSION. Much of the literature suggests that, whilst there are structural barriers that discourage the use of active learning (such as the built environment), it is not sufficient to merely remove these barriers, but it is also important to create a demand from educators (and students) for newer, active pedagogies.
Apropriações dos objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentável pelo mercado imobiliário na produção do espaço urbano
Authors: Baumgartner Wendel Henrique
Published: April 2022

Com uma abordagem crítica e dialética sobre os Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) e a produção capitalista do espaço urbano, o texto busca analisar como os agentes do mercado imobiliário estão se apropriado de discursos de sustentabilidade e de espaços de natureza para a valorização de empreendimentos destinados à população de maior renda, contribuindo para o processo de gentrificação verde. A metodologia da pesquisa se baseia na leitura e análise de referências bibliográficas, planos de implementação dos ODS, pesquisa em jornais e em resultados de trabalhos de campo. Foram analisados os programas municipais e empreendimentos imobiliários em Curitiba, São Paulo e Salvador, que indicam que o processo de comodificação da sustentabilidade se faz presente. Demonstrar diferentes formas de apropriação capitalista da natureza e da ideia de sustentabilidade urbana pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de reversão desse processo e promover a universalização do direito à natureza na cidade.
Revistas críticas. Ubicación y sentido
Authors: Rubiales Pérez Miguel
Published: April 2022

Un debate recurrente en Scripta Nova tiene que ver con la orientación crítica que se espera de los artículos que publica la revista. Ciertamente, no es fácil definir cómo debería ser un artículo “con orientación crítica”. Por lo mismo, no siempre tenemos presente en qué medida el componente crítico añade una aportación específica y sustantiva al conjunto de la ciencia social, o si al final lo realmente importante es realizar y divulgar investigaciones bien hechas.
Geopolitica crítica y fronteras. Presentación
Authors: Lois María
Published: April 2022

Hoy en día, hablar de Geopolítica como campo de investigación sigue resultando relativamente controvertido. Las asociaciones entre la práctica de la geopolítica y diversos proyectos políticos e influencias intelectuales (desde el determinismo espacial de Ratzel o Kjellen hasta la Geopolitik de Haushofer y del Instituto de Estudios Geopolíticos de Münich, pasando por el plan Alpaca de Augusto Pinochet o por la geopolítica de una globalización militarizada de Thomas Barnett) la mantienen como objeto de dudosa reputación. Sin embargo, el recurso a la Geopolítica para justificar proyectos políticos o para argumentar sobre las formas hegemónicas de ver el mundo no invalidan su objeto de estudio, ni debilitan su trascendencia. De hecho, las diferencias en torno a la definición conceptual del término son precisamente una de las claves para comprender la constante renovación de la disciplina.
Paisajes grabados demediados: Canaletto, Goya y Hokusai
Authors: Vives Piqué Maria Rosa
Published: April 2022

Por diferentes motivos, ya sean conceptuales, formales, funcionales o materiales -plancha y papel-, la partición compositiva ha sido frecuente en los grabados de gran formato, en lo que denominamos grabado o estampa mural. No obstante, aquí se trata de casos singulares de partición de grabados de tamaño medio o pequeño, grabados de paisaje de Canaletto, Goya y Hokusai cuya composición se ha demediado. Una composición dividida simétricamente en cuanto al espacio medido y que conduce a analogías formales, simbólicas e iconográficas con otro tipo de obras y a diferentes contextos desde la tradición hasta la modernidad.A tenor de ello se reflexiona sobre las interrelaciones entre autores y vínculos en los modos de observar una estampa y, especialmente, en lo que implica la continuidad fragmentada de la mirada, ya que una lectura ordenada y convencional de la composición total de un grabado lleva implícita la sensación de avance entre los trazos negros y los espacios blancos del papel entre texturas, tanto ópticas como táctiles, de gran proximidad e impacto sensorial. Una sensación que, de repente, se ve truncada por un vacío, una fractura, una grieta o un pliegue según sea el ancho de la vertical divisoria y según el medio técnico del grabado. Y como la reimpresión de las dos mitades de las planchas demediadas, tanto en Canaletto como en Goya, alude a la resistencia del espectador a la partición, al deseo por ver el conjunto primigenio, de reunir una vez más el paisaje que antes había sido una unidad, como una voluntad opuesta a la fragmentación y tendente a lo ‘uno’, a lo que se considera lo completo, incluso por encima de la voluntad del autor.
Combining fluorescence lifetime with spectral information in fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy (FLIO)
Authors: Hammer Martin , Simon Rowena , Meller Daniel , Klemm Matthias
Published: April 2022

Fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy (FLIO) provides information on fluorescence lifetimes in two spectral channels as well as the peak emission wavelength (PEW) of the fluorescence. Here, we combine these measures in an integral three-dimensional lifetime-PEW metric vector and determine a normal range for this vector from measurements in young healthy subjects. While for these control subjects 97 (±8) % (median (interquartile range)) of all para-macular pixels were covered by this normal vector range, it was 67 (±55) % for the elderly healthy, 38 (±43) % for age-related macular degeneration (AMD)-suspect subjects, and only 6 (±4) % for AMD patients. The vectors were significantly different for retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) lesions in AMD patients from that of non-affected tissue (p < 0.001). Lifetime- PEW plots allowed to identify possibly pathologic fundus areas by fluorescence parameters outside a 95% quantile per subject. In a patient follow-up, changes in fluorescence parameters could be traced in the lifetime-PEW metric, showing their change over disease progression.
Two-dimensional wavefront characterization of adaptable corrective optics and Kirkpatrick–Baez mirror system using ptychography
Authors: Moxham Thomas E. J. , Dhamgaye Vishal , Laundy David , Fox Oliver J. L. , Khosroabadi Hossein , Sawhney Kawal , Korsunsky Alexander M.
Published: April 2022

Aberrations introduced during fabrication degrade the performance of X-ray optics and their ability to achieve diffraction limited focusing. Corrective optics can counteract these errors by introducing wavefront perturbations prior to the optic which cancel out the distortions. Here we demonstrate two-dimensional wavefront correction of an aberrated Kirkpatrick-Baez mirror pair using adaptable refractive structures. The resulting two-dimensional wavefront is measured using hard X-ray ptychography to recover the complex probe wavefield with high spatial resolution and model the optical performance under coherent conditions. The optical performance including the beam caustic, focal profile and wavefront error is examined before and after correction with both mirrors found to be diffraction limited after correcting. The results will be applicable to a wide variety of high numerical aperture X-ray optics aiming to achieve diffraction limited focussing using low emittance sources.
High speed surface defects detection of mirrors based on ultrafast single-pixel imaging
Authors: Liu Ai , Gao Lie , Zou Wenchao , Huang Jingsheng , Wu Qiang , Cao Yulong , Chang Zhenghu , Peng Chen , Zhu Tao
Published: April 2022

High speed surface defects detection of mirrors is of great significance, for detecting the quality of the mirrors on-site, and ultimately for monitoring the operating states of laser systems. The speeds of conventional proposals are relatively low as they utilize mechanically scanning methods or two-dimensional charge-coupled devices. Here, we propose a high speed surface detection method based on ultrafast single-pixel imaging, which consists of a spatial Fourier optical module for frequency-space mapping and a dispersive Fourier transform module for frequency-time mapping. An optical grating is utilized to map the wideband spectrum of dissipative soliton into the spatial domain under far-field diffraction, where the mirror is inspected. Dispersive Fourier transform is used to map the surface-defects-coded spectral information into the temporal domain, then recorded by a high speed single-pixel detector. The detection system permits continuous single-shot spectra measurement with a frame rate equivalent to the pulse repetition rate (8.4 MHz). We extract amplitude defects by demodulating light intensity, and obtain phase defects by demodulating the interference spectrum with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer structure. Experimental results show that the damaged mirror with a two-dimensional width of 10 × 13 mm can be obtained with a spatial resolution of 90 µm. The obtained phase accuracy after Hilbert transformation is 0.00217 rad, corresponding to a depth resolution of 51 nm. This scheme can find promising applications for surface defects detection of large aperture mirrors, and real-time monitoring of laser systems with high energy.
Robust, ultralow-loss, and broadband light-recycling for a nanophotonic delay line
Authors: Koh Young-Seo , Xiong Xiao , Sohn Young-Ik
Published: April 2022

The optical delay line is a key building block for applications in photonics. It requires low loss, wide bandwidth, and small footprint. In this work, we adopt the light recycling approach based on spatial-mode multiplexing, and achieve high performance with a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI)-based design, which significantly increases the fabrication error tolerance. The proposed nanophotonic delay lines allow fabrication errors of ±10 nm over the broad bandwidth of 100 nm while maintaining the excess insertion loss below 0.5 dB. It will enable power-efficient, ultralow-loss, small-footprint, and broadband optical information processing capabilities in diverse applications.
Extremely narrow resonant linewidths in metal-dielectric heterostructures
Authors: Zheng Jie , Zhu Jinfeng , Yang Zhilin
Published: April 2022

Plasmonic high-quality factor resonators with narrow surface plasmon resonance (SPR) linewidths are extremely significant for surface-enhanced Raman scattering, optical sensors, imaging, and color filters. Unfortunately, extensive research on narrowing SPR linewidths is mainly based on noble metal nanostructures that are restricted by intrinsic loss. Here, heterostructures consisting of metal and dielectric metaphotonics are experimentally designed and fabricated for elaborating SPR linewidths. The results demonstrate that the SPR linewidths can be narrowed by 66.7% relative to that of aluminum nanostructures. The resonant linewidths are directly shrunk due to the interaction between low loss in the semiconductor nanostructures and electromagnetic confinement in the metal counterparts. Meanwhile, the resonant wavelength governed by heterostructure configurations shifts from 600 to 930 nm. This work will pave an avenue toward controlling resonant linewidths of metal-dielectric heterostructures for numerous applications.
Effects of selenium supplementation on glycemic control markers in healthy rodents: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Ferreira Rannapaula Lawrynhuk Urbano , de Sousa Ângela Waleska Freire , Oliveira Antonio Gouveia , de Rezende Adriana Augusto , Cobucci Ricardo Ney , Pedrosa Lucia Fatima Campos
Published: April 2022

Background

In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that Se has an insulin-mimetic action associated with its antioxidant activity. Other studies, in turn, suggest that high Se doses and high selenoprotein expression interfere with insulin signaling. This study aims to evaluate the effects of Se supplementation on glycemic control markers in healthy rodents.

Methods

The protocol was developed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Metaanalysis Protocol (PRISMA-P) and was published in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews database (PROSPERO; CRD4202121201142019119181). Experimental, randomized, or non-randomized studies of healthy rodents models will be included. All forms of supplemented Se will be considered, including organic, inorganic, and synthetic compounds, selenium-enriched yeasts, zerovalent Se nanoparticles, and selenized polysaccharides. Fasting blood glucose will be considered the primary outcome. Homeostatic model assessment, plasma and erythrocyte Se concentration, GPX activity, SELENOP concentration, and other Se biomarkers will be considered secondary outcomes. EMBASE, Scopus, Pubmed/Medline, Web of Science, and CINAHL will be searched for articles published with no language restrictions. Two reviewers will independently conduct the search and selection of articles, data extraction, and quality analysis. The risk of bias and methodological quality analyses of the included studies will be performed using the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) and Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review (CAMARADES) tools, respectively. The results will be presented as a narrative synthesis according to the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (SWiM) Reporting Guideline. Meta-analyses will be conducted where appropriate using random-effects models.

Discussion

The review may clarify the interaction between different forms of supplemented Se and glycemic control in rodents models. The results will provide evidence that will help select doses and forms of Se to administer in clinical trials while according to impact on the glycemic control while elucidating mechanisms of Se metabolism.