bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel and robust method of indexing the uncoded stripes for multi‐line based structured light application
Authors: Xue Jiawen , Hu Yi , Li Guolin , Wang Zhihua , Xie Xiang
Published: October 2021

Finding the correspondence between the captured and projected uncoded stripe pattern, which is called the indexing problem, has proved to be difficult to overcome reliably. Due to the interference of the non‐ideal phenomena, the extracted stripe might be lost, increased or shifted undetectably. This letter proposes a graph‐matching based method to address this problem. The captured stripes are categorized into two parts according to whether they should be offset after projection. For the non‐offset stripes, they can be accurately indexed by the predetermined projection pattern. Based on the structural similarity that exists on the two kinds of stripes, we establish two graphs and match them to index the offset stripes fast and effectively. Thus, the iterative process in the previous study is avoided and the troublesome issues are solved. The proposed method is applied to the virtual touchpad scheme to make an arbitrary surface touch‐sensitiveness. Experimental results show that the ameliorated virtual touchpad scheme yields an average touch detection accuracy of 96.07%, and the indexing accuracy evaluated by randomly selected patterns is 100%.
Analysis of temporal carrier build‐up in reconfigurable field‐effect transistor
Authors: Park Jeong Woo , Lee Seong Hyun , Kim Sang Hoon , Roh Tae Moon , Suh Dongwoo
Published: October 2021

Based on the analysis of the carrier density change of a symmetric gate reconfigurable field‐effect transistor that can operate p‐ or n‐type transistors in an integrated circuit (IC), its unique limiting factor, carrier build‐up time, is quantitatively derived for operating speed in addition to conventional resistance and capacitance (RC) and transit time effect. Originating from the characteristic of carrier confinement in a channel between two Schottky potential barriers, the carrier build‐up time for the operation could take up to ∼1000 times longer than the transit time across the channel.
Safety effect analysis of motorcycle V2I collision warning system
Authors: Hsu Tien‐Pen , Wen Ku‐Lin , Liu Chin‐Hung
Published: October 2021

Connected vehicle technology can help the driver make decisions, improve awareness of the road environment, and thereby possibly enhance traffic safety. This study explored the impact of a motorcycle vehicle‐to‐infrastructure (V2I) warning system on road safety through a field trial of a Motorcycle Safety Warning System (MSWS). This study used principal component analysis, K‐means, and ordinal logistic regression to explore the effects of the MSWS. After system activation, the road safety level (RSL) improved at 50% of the field trial sites. This study provides a reference for evaluating RSLs through the composite index of this study and verifies that the V2I warning signs of the MSWS provide a certain degree of improvement of motorcycle traffic safety. A V2I system like the MSWS can be used to collect data on driving behaviours in a short period for safety effect analysis, as compared to crash data, which require an extended period. In addition, the traffic behaviour data collected by a V2I system can also be used to identify potential high crash risk locations. The warning signs developed in this study can prevent accidents by alerting drivers who are speeding and at risk of crashes.
Maximizing the latency fairness in UAV‐assisted MEC system
Authors: Hydher Hassaan , Jayakody Dushantha Nalin K. , Panic Stefan
Published: October 2021

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) assisted edge computing has risen as an assuring technique to accommodate ubiquitous edge computation for resource‐limited devices. Thus, this paper proposes an approach to maximize the latency fairness in a UAV‐assisted multi‐access edge computing (MEC) system. To maximize latency fairness, the authors focus on minimizing the maximum latency experienced among the users. In here, multiple ground users (GUs) offload their tasks to MEC UAV in the absence or unavailability of ground servers due to a disaster or heavy traffic where an iterative algorithm is proposed to minimize the maximum latency among the users subject to minimum control link rate and total power constraints. Sequentially, the UAVs' 3D location, offloading ratio, GUs' transmit power and GUs' computational capacity are optimized. The location of the UAV is optimized by using the novel approach, guided pattern search algorithm while the altitude of the UAV is optimized by analyzing the elevation angle dependant behaviour of the channel gain. A simple approach is utilized for optimizing the offloading ratio of the users by considering the problem as minimizing the point‐wise maximum of two convex functions while the bisection method is used to optimize the power allocation. Numerical simulation results illustrate that the proposed approach outperforms other baseline approaches in convergence, minimizing the maximum latency and maximizing and maintaining the fairness among the GUs. Furthermore, it is proved that the guided pattern search algorithm converges at least 3.5 times better while the proposed combined optimization gives 400% fairness gain, in comparison with the baseline approach.
Structural optimal design and power generation characteristics of a bionic type nautilus vertical axis wind turbine
Authors: Li Zheng , Gao Menghai , Cao Xin , Cheng Liyuan , Wang Xueting , An Guoqing , Sun Hexu
Published: October 2021

Nautilus vertical axis wind turbine is a new breed which is being designed and developed through bionics and geometry, this kind of wind turbine is not only novel in appearance, and stable in structure, but also has excellent aerodynamic performance. Based on this type of wind turbine, combined with its structural characteristics, this paper designed 20 prototypes by continuously adjusting the structural parameters of the spiral blades. The performance of these prototypes is compared by simulation, the optimal structure of this kind of wind turbine is selected. This optimized wind turbine has a strong ability to collect wind energy and can obtain higher wind energy utilization in a wider range of wind speed, the maximum wind energy utilization rate reaches 32.842%. Then the wake characteristics are analysed, the reasonable arrangement is designed. This paper also built an equal scale reduced version of the real object using a 3D printer, and assembles it with a small disc type electric machine to construct a vertical axis wind power generation apparatus. Finally, experiments are conducted in a real environment to analyse the rotational speed and voltage waveform of this apparatus under different operating conditions experimentally.
Rehabilitation bei rheumatoider Arthritis
Authors: Meyer-Olson Dirk , Hoeper Kirsten
Published: October 2021

Die rheumatoide Arthritis stellt unter den Erkrankungen des Bewegungssystems eine
besondere Herausforderung für die Rehabilitationsmedizin dar 1. Eine genaue Kenntnis der Erkrankung,
inklusive der medikamentösen und der nicht medikamentösen
Behandlungsoptionen, ist die wesentliche Voraussetzung für einen
nachhaltigen Rehabilitationserfolg und um den berechtigen Anspruch der
Erkrankten auf berufliche und soziale Partizipation umzusetzen.
Mehrstufige Rehabilitation bei osseointegrierter Prothesenversorgung
Authors: Schnadthorst Philipp Georg , Schulze Christoph , Althoff Michael , Willy Christian , Lison Andreas
Published: October 2021

Die erfolgreiche Wiederherstellung der Gehfähigkeit nach Amputation einer unteren Extremität ist eine große Herausforderung. Transkutane osseointegrierte Prothesen gewinnen als modernes Behandlungsverfahren zunehmend an Bedeutung. Diese Kasuistik vergleicht die mehrstufige Rehabilitation eines Patienten, welcher primär mittels schaftgeführter und sekundär mittels osseointegrierter Prothese versorgt wurde.
Persönliches Budget: Bindungswirkung einer Zielvereinbarung, Befristung – BSG klärt weitere Grundsatzfragen
Authors: Schian Marcus , Goldbach Christiane
Published: October 2021

Kerninhalte der aktuellen Entscheidung

1. Eine Befristung einer Leistungserbringung in Form eines Persönlichen Budgets bei auf Dauer angelegten Leistungen scheidet regelmäßig aus.

2. Eine Zielvereinbarung zum Persönlichen Budget bindet die Beteiligten in der Regel nicht materiell im Hinblick auf den individuellen Leistungsbedarf.
Endoskopassoziierte Kreuzkontaminationen – 10 Jahre im Überblick
Authors: Andersen Nils
Published: October 2021

Weltweite Berichte über Ausbrüche endoskopassoziierter Infektionen können schon seit Jahren beobachtet werden. Vermehrte Berichterstattungen in den Medien, dass die Übertragung einer Infektion mit multiresistenten Mikroorganismen über kontaminierte Endoskope häufiger auftritt als bisher angenommen, führten zu dieser Literaturrecherche.

In einer Suche in zwei Datenbanken konnten 26 relevante Artikel identifiziert werden, wovon 10 zusammengefasst wurden, da sie jeweils denselben Ausbruch aus unterschiedlichen Blickwinkeln beleuchteten. In den 21 Ausbrüchen werden die meisten im Zusammenhang mit Duodenoskopen berichtet (71,43 %), aber auch einige mit Gastroskopen, Koloskopen oder Endosonografiegeräten (19,05 %). Die meisten Ausbrüche wurden aus der EU (47,62 %) und den USA (42,86 %) berichtet. Insgesamt wurde von 252 infizierten Patienten und 14 Todesfällen berichtet. Als ursächliche Mikroorganismen wurden vornehmlich K. pneumoniae (47,62 %), E. coli (23,81 %) und P. aeruginosa (19,05 %) berichtet. Die meisten Kontaminationen wurden auf eine nicht sachgemäße Reinigung zurückgeführt (38,10 %). In einem Drittel der Fälle konnte die Ursache des Ausbruchs nicht ermittelt werden (33,33 %).

Um die Inzidenz von Endoskopkontaminationen zu erkennen, ist eine offene Kommunikation zwischen Herstellern, Kliniken und Regierungsstellen dringend erforderlich. Studien zum Endoskoprisikofaktor und gründliche Untersuchungen der Ausbrüche durch Experten sind entscheidend für die Senkung und letztendliche Prävention von Infektionen. Diese Studien sollten zu Verbesserungen des Endoskopdesigns (bei der Endoskopgestaltung), der Endoskopwiederaufbereitung sowie der mikrobiologischen Überwachung führen. Regelmäßige intensive Schulungen des Aufbereitungspersonals und regelmäßige Audits erscheinen unerlässlich. Ein großes Augenmerk sollte hierbei auf die Ausbildung und spezifische Geräteeinweisung gelegt werden. Neue Wiederaufbereitungsmaßnahmen wie die EO-Sterilisation zeigen keine überlegenen Ergebnisse und sind kostspieliger umzusetzen. Einwegduodenoskope würden das Risiko der Übertragung exogener Mikroorganismen vollständig eliminieren, aber sie sind ebenfalls kostenintensiv. Die Abwägung der Kostenwirksamkeit jeder Neugestaltung oder Verwendung von Einwegendoskopen mit dem tatsächlichen Risiko der Übertragung exogener Mikroorganismen wird letztlich bestimmen, welche Lösungen angenommen und langfristig genutzt werden.
HPTLC Fingerprint Authentication of Selected Sideritis spp. Using a Pharmacognostic Approach
Authors: Pihan Lisa-Anna-Maria , Peter Samuel , Vollmer Günter , Meier Beat , Wolfram Evelyn
Published: October 2021

The genus Sideritis (Lamiaceae) comprises around 150 species, of which many are popular herbal remedies in Mediterranean folk medicine. Already mentioned by Dioscorides and Theophrastus, the “ironwort” or “Greek mountain tea” has been receiving increased attention in recent years. A European Union herbal monograph and assessment report (HMPC) has been issued, covering the species Sideritis scardica, S. clandestina, S. raeseri, and S. syriaca. This study presents results of a first pharmacognostic examination of the botanical and phytochemical differences among and between these emerging commercial species, and other, less studied species. An HPTLC method is proposed for normal phase separation of the species; this means applying two mobile phases on silica plates and subsequent derivatization with natural product reagent (NP/PEG) for visualization of phenolic compounds and anisaldehyde for a broader detection. With the help of selected reference
compounds, a system suitability test was established for proper chromatographic separation. The method was applied to specimens from botanical gardens and commercial raw material in order to test its suitability for differentiation and authentication. The HPTLC analysis also includes, for the first time, S. hyssopifolia and other less used Sideritis species. The results might enable the development of a validated phytochemical fingerprint authentication procedure for quality assurance of Sideritis herba.
Organic Sulfinic Acids and Salts in Visible Light-Induced Reactions
Authors: Lu Hongjian , Lu Zheng , Shang Mingzhou
Published: October 2021

Sulfinic acids and their salts are a useful source of sulfur-containing structures. Photocatalysis of these compounds with visible light enables to achieve various transformations under mild conditions. This review summarizes visible-light-induced reactions of sulfinic acids and their salts. It is organized by reaction type and brief discussions on plausible reaction mechanisms for typical transformations are presented.

1 Introduction

2 Sulfonylation Reactions

2.1 Sulfonylation of Alkenes

2.2 Sulfonylation of Alkynes

2.3 Sulfonylation of Arenes

2.4 sp3 C–H Functionalization

3 Desulfonylation Reactions

4 Sulfenylation Reactions

4.1 Sulfenylation of Heteroarenes

4.2 Sulfenylation of Carbonyl Chlorides

5 Conclusions
Results of the Diaphragmatic Plication Database: 10 Years' Experience
Authors: Kosse Nils Jurriaan , Galetin Thomas , Schwarz Sarah Bettina , Mathes Tim , Koryllos Aris , Lopez-Pastorini Alberto , Beckers Frank , Stoelben Erich
Published: October 2021

Background Unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis or paresis (UDP) in adults is an often overlooked disease which relevantly impairs the patient's lung function and quality of life. Particularly in idiopathic UDP, there is no evidence for conservative therapy and only little evidence for surgical therapy.

Methods The method involves retrospective single-center analysis of patients with UDP persistent for at least 1 year who were operated by diaphragmatic resection, plication, and augmentation with a polypropylene mesh. The patients were tested for lung and diaphragmatic function, six-minute walk test (6MWT), and blood gas analysis before, 3 and 12 months after surgery.

Results In total, 85 patients received surgery for UDP. The most frequent reasons for UDP were idiopathic (67%), iatrogenic (mainly cardiac and cervical spine surgery; 24%), and trauma (9%). The mean operation time was 84 ± 24 minutes, the length of hospital stay 8.4 ± 3.9 days, chest tubes were removed after 11.7 ± 4.1 days. Overall morbidity was 42%, mortality 0%. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) in supine position improved by 12.4% absolute, vital capacity by 11.8% absolute, and sniff nasal inspiratory pressure by 1.4 kPa 12 months after surgery (p <0.001 each). Total lung capacity increased by 6.8% absolute at 12 months (p = 0.001) The 6MWT distance improved by 45.9 m at 3 months and 50.9 m at 12 months (p = 0.001, each).

Conclusion Surgical therapy for UDP is highly effective in the long term. The superiority over conservative treatments needs to be evaluated prospectively with standardized physiotherapeutic protocols. FEV1 in supine position and 6MWT are easy to perform tests and represent statistically and patient-relevant outcomes.
Fractal-like photonic lattices and localized states arising from singular and nonsingular flatbands
Authors: Xie Yuqing , Song Limin , Yan Wenchao , Xia Shiqi , Tang Liqin , Song Daohong , Rhim Jun-Won , Chen Zhigang
Published: October 2021

We experimentally realize fractal-like photonic lattices by use of the cw-laser-writing technique, thereby observing distinct compact localized states (CLSs) associated with different flatbands in the same lattice setting. Such triangle-shaped lattices, akin to the first generation Sierpinski lattices, possess a band structure where singular non-degenerate and nonsingular degenerate flatbands coexist. By proper phase modulation of an input excitation beam, we demonstrate not only the simplest CLSs but also their superimposition into other complex mode structures. Our experimental and numerical results are corroborated by theoretical analysis. Furthermore, we show by numerical simulation a dynamical oscillation of the flatband states due to beating of the CLSs that have different eigenenergies. These results may provide inspiration for exploring fundamental phenomena arising from the interplay of fractal structure, flatband singularity, and real-space topology.
Survey of paediatric telehealth benefits from the caregiver perspective
Authors: Hiscock Harriet , Pelly Rachel , Hua Xinjang , West Sue , Tucker Dianne , Raymundo Chin-Mae , Dalziel Kim
Published: October 2021

Objective This study determined caregivers’ evaluations of telehealth consultations for their child, preference over in-person consultations and potential cost savings by child condition, family socioeconomic status and location. Methods A survey was conducted of 2436 caregivers attending a telehealth consultation with their child for a broad group of conditions between 3 June and 25 August 2020 at a tertiary paediatric hospital in Melbourne, Australia. Results Most caregivers found telehealth consultations convenient, acceptable, safe and private, and capable of answering their questions and concerns. However, caregivers who spoke a language other than English and patients attending for behavioural and mental health, developmental or other (e.g. allied health) concerns were more likely to prefer in-person consultations over telehealth. Mean (±s.d.) reported cost savings on caregiver time were A$144.98 ± 99.04 per family per consultation, whereas mean (±s.d.) transport cost savings were A$84.90 ± 100.74 per family per consultation. Cost savings were greatest for families living in low and middle socioeconomic areas and regional or rural areas. Conclusions Paediatric telehealth video consultations were largely viewed favourably by caregivers, except for those attending for behavioural and mental health or developmental concerns. What is known about the topic? Adult consumers of telehealth consultations view them as useful, convenient and cost saving, but less is known about caregivers’ evaluations of telehealth consultations and potential cost savings for paediatric patients, and whether these differ by family location, socioeconomic status or child condition. What does this paper add? This is the first Australian paper to report on caregivers’ evaluations across a range of paediatric conditions and locations. Most caregivers found telehealth consultations convenient, safe, acceptable, able to answer their questions and concerns about their child’s health and cost saving. What are the implications for practitioners? Caregivers of children with behavioural, mental health or developmental problems were less likely to prefer telehealth over in-person consultations, so practitioners should consider providing such consultations in person.
Ideologia cavalleresca e cavalleria sportiva nel
Curial
Authors: Escartí Vicent Josep
Published: October 2021

Astratto

Questo articolo fa un percorso sulla ideologia
della cavalleria, dalle proposte teoriche di Raimondo Lullo fino
alle novelle Tirante il Bianco e Curial e
Güelfa. Tra il Duecento ed il Quattrocento si osserva
una evoluzione degli ideali e della pratica della cavalleria nella
Corona d’Aragona. Si passa di una cavalleria ideologica e religiosa
a una cavalleria dove il componente amoroso e di esibizione sociale
ha un ruolo importantissimo. Tra le teorie di Lullo colla quale si
formavano i cavaliere -anche nella letteratura del XV secolo- e la
prassi delle novelle alla fine del Medioevo, le differenze sono
evidentissime.
Observacions sobre l’expressió dels sentiments en el
Curial e Güelfa
Authors: Antolí Martínez Jordi M.
Published: October 2021

Resum

Curial e Güelfa reflecteix la
nova conceptualització de l’experiència amorosa difosa per la
novel·la sentimental europea del segle XV, caracteritzada pel
naturalisme amorós. Aquesta novetat cultural, la nova manera de
sentir l’amor i el desamor, anirà acompanyada de la renovació del
camp semàntic de l’expressió dels sentiments. En aquest estudi
pretenem d’identificar i d’analitzar alguns d’aquests recursos
lingüístics de l’expressió dels sentiments en el Curial e
Güelfa. Això ens permetrà caracteritzar amb detall la
llengua de l’obra, dins del context de l’evolució del cat. antic (s.
XIII–XVI) i en contrast amb les altres llengües que podrien haver
interferit l’anònim autor, especialment el toscà literari. Aquesta
aproximació a l’obra d’una banda ens permet ponderar amb una
objectivitat major l’originalitat del text des de la perspectiva
lingüística i, en concret, valorar l’esforç que s’hi fa en el camp
de l’expressió del sentiment amorós; d’altra banda, l’estudi ens
permetrà reforçar amb arguments nous les hipòtesis plantejades fins
ara sobre l’autoria i les fonts de l’obra. Per a fer-ho, hem
identificat un seguit de construccions lingüístiques vinculades a
l’expressió dels sentiments en el Curial e Güelfa,
i les hem contrastades amb el català i l’italià coetanis. Per a
fer-ho, hem fonamentat les nostres hipòtesis en l’anàlisi de corpus
textuals informatitzats: el Corpus Informatitzat de la
Gramàtica del Català Antic per al català antic, i el
Corpus OVI dell’Italiano antico per a l’italià
antic, així com en el buidatge de la lexicografia històrica de
referència.
Derivational patterns in spontaneous data of French-speaking parent-child
interactions before age three
Authors: Kilani-Schoch Marianne , Xanthos Aris
Published: October 2021

This chapter is a first step towards the characterisation
of the morphological structure of the French lexicon in early first language
acquisition, i.e. before children coin novel word formations. Focusing on
nouns and verbs, it analyses the variety of derivational means used by
toddlers and caregivers in two corpora of French-speaking children
(1;4/1;6–2;11). A comparison is done with a sample of adult-directed (ADS)
speech. Findings on derivation are compared with previous observations on
compounds in the same data. The results display the development of
tight-knit morphological relationships within the lexicon and a clear
prevalence of suffixation over other derivational means and compounding.
Along with errors in affixed words, these relationships provide cues of
early detection of derivational morphology in child speech.
Derivation in Finnish child speech and child-directed speech
Authors: Laalo Klaus
Published: October 2021

This chapter examines the early phases of the
acquisition of Finnish derivational morphology: what kind of derivational
types are used in early child speech and child-directed speech? Which types
emerge first and why these types? The analysis is based on recorded and
transcribed material of two Finnish-speaking children and their caregivers.
In addition, some diary data are used to illustrate the emergence of
innovative derived words and the productivity of different derivational
types. The study shows the importance of productivity and frequency to the
emergence of Finnish derivational types can best be observed in verbs and
adjectives: the derivational types which are most frequently used and
productive in Finnish emerge early and are frequently used in child
speech.
Capronia chlorospora
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: October 2021

A description is provided for
Capronia chlorospora
, found on rotten branch of
Salix caprea
. Some information on its morphological characteristics, associated organisms and substrata, dispersal and transmission, habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Europe (Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Norway, Spain, Sweden), Switzerland, UK, North America (Canada, Prince Edward Island), USA (Arizona, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Ohio, Vermont), South America (Argentina)).
Capronia pleiospora
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: October 2021

A description is provided for
Capronia pleiospora
, which has been found on dead and often decorticated branches, twigs and other woody material. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, dispersal and transmission, habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Europe (Belgium, Denmark, France, Luxembourg, Norway, Sweden, UK), North America (Canada (British Columbia))).
Capronia pulcherrima
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: October 2021

A description is provided for
Capronia pulcherrima
, found on bark, wood, dead branches and other woody debris, and has been recorded in sputum of humans suffering from cystic fibrosis. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, dispersal and transmission, habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Spain, Sweden, UK), North America (Canada (Nunavut, Ontario), USA (Florida))).
Ceramothyrium linnaeae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: October 2021

A description is provided for
Ceramothyrium linnaeae
(Chaetothyriaceae, Chaetothyriales) found on living leaves of
Linnaea borealis
. Information on its morphology, habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Sweden and Canada (New Brunswick)) and associated organisms (
Metacoleroa dickiei, Equisetum fluviatile, Linnaea borealis, Linnaea borealis
var.
americana
and
Lycopodium annotinum
).
Knufia peltigerae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: October 2021

A description is provided for
Knufia peltigerae
found on degraded thalli of
Peltigera canina
. Information on its morphology, habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Greenland, Papua New Guinea, Turkey, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Canada (Ontario), USA (Alaska) and Colombia) and associated organisms (
Peltigera britannica, P. canina, P. rufescens
(thallus),
Peltigera
sp.,
Buxus sempervirens
and
Pinus sylvestris
).
Phialophora americana
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: October 2021

A description is provided for
Phialophora americana
(Herpotrichiellaceae, Chaetothyriales) found on decayed wood. Some information on its morphology, habitats, dispersal and transmission, conservation status and economic impacts is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Antarctica, China (Changbai Mountains), Iran, Taiwan, Australia (Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia), Austria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, UK, Canada (New Brunswick, Northwest Territories), Mexico, USA (Minnesota, New York, Virginia, Wisconsin), Chile, Brazil (Parana, Pernambuco, Sao Paulo) and Uruguay) and associated organisms (man, woody plants and other wood-inhabiting fungi).
Integration features of intact latent HIV-1 in CD4+ T cell clones contribute to viral persistence
Authors: Huang Amy S. , Ramos Victor , Oliveira Thiago Y. , Gaebler Christian , Jankovic Mila , Nussenzweig Michel C. , Cohn Lillian B.
Published: October 2021

Latent intact HIV-1 proviruses persist in a small subset of long-lived CD4+ T cells that can undergo clonal expansion in vivo. Expanded clones of CD4+ T cells dominate latent reservoirs in individuals on long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) and represent a major barrier to HIV-1 cure. To determine how integration landscape might contribute to latency, we analyzed integration sites of near full length HIV-1 genomes from individuals on long-term ART, focusing on individuals whose reservoirs are highly clonal. We find that intact proviruses in expanded CD4+ T cell clones are preferentially integrated within Krüppel-associated box (KRAB) domain–containing zinc finger (ZNF) genes. ZNF genes are associated with heterochromatin in memory CD4+ T cells; nevertheless, they are expressed in these cells under steady-state conditions. In contrast to genes carrying unique integrations, ZNF genes carrying clonal intact integrations are down-regulated upon cellular activation. Together, the data suggest selected genomic sites, including ZNF genes, can be especially permissive for maintaining HIV-1 latency during memory CD4+ T cell expansion.
All eyes on a phosphatase in glioma stem cells
Authors: Lindquist Robert A. , Weiss William A.
Published: October 2021

In this issue of JEM, Zhang et al. (2021. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20202669) identify a dependency of glioma stem cells on tyrosine phosphatase activity of EYA2 and a new role for this phosphatase at the centrosome, offering a new therapeutic approach to target mitotic activity.
ML277 regulates KCNQ1 single-channel amplitudes and kinetics, modified by voltage sensor state
Authors: Eldstrom Jodene , McAfee Donald A. , Dou Ying , Wang Yundi , Fedida David
Published: October 2021

KCNQ1 is a pore-forming K+ channel subunit critically important to cardiac repolarization at high heart rates. (2R)-N-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-thiazolyl]-1-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-2 piperidinecarboxamide, or ML277, is an activator of this channel that rescues function of pathophysiologically important mutant channel complexes in human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes, and that therefore may have therapeutic potential. Here we extend our understanding of ML277 actions through cell-attached single-channel recordings of wild-type and mutant KCNQ1 channels with voltage sensor domains fixed in resting, intermediate, and activated states. ML277 has profound effects on KCNQ1 single-channel kinetics, eliminating the flickering nature of the openings, converting them to discrete opening bursts, and increasing their amplitudes approximately threefold. KCNQ1 single-channel behavior after ML277 treatment most resembles IO state-locked channels (E160R/R231E) rather than AO state channels (E160R/R237E), suggesting that at least during ML277 treatment, KCNQ1 does not frequently visit the AO state. Introduction of KCNE1 subunits reduces the effectiveness of ML277, but some enhancement of single-channel openings is still observed.
X-ray grating interferometry design for the 4D GRAPH-X system
Authors: Patera Alessandra , Arboleda Carolina , Ferrero Veronica , Fiorina Elisa , Jefimovs Konstantins , Giudice Alessandro Lo , Milian Felix Mas , Mereu Paolo , Pallotta Stefania , Ramello Luciano , Re Alessandro , Visca Lorenzo , Cerello Piergiorgio
Published: October 2021

The 4D GRAPH-X (Dynamic GRAting-based PHase contrast x-ray imaging) project aims at developing a prototype of an x-ray grating-based phase-contrast imaging scanner in a laboratory setting, which is based on the Moirè single-shot acquisition method in order to be optimized for analysing moving objects (in the specific case, a dynamic thorax phantom), that could evolve into a suitable tool for biomedical applications although it can be extended to other application fields. When designing an x-ray Talbot-Lau interferometer, high visibility and sensitivity are two important figures of merit, strictly related to the performance of the system in obtaining high quality phase contrast and dark-field images. Wave field simulations are performed to optimize the setup specifications and construct a high-resolution and high-sensitivity imaging system. In this work, the design of a dynamic imaging setup using a conventional milli-focus x-ray source is presented. Optimization by wave front simulations leads to a symmetric configuration with 5.25 μm pitch at third Talbot order and 45 keV design energy. The simulated visibility is about 22%. Results from GATE based Monte Carlo simulations show a 19% transmission percentage of the incoming beam into the detector after passing through all the gratings and the sample. Such results are promising in view of building a system optimized for dynamic imaging.
Quantum phase transitions and band mixing in 135Ba
Authors: Majarshin A J , Luo Yan-An , Pan Feng , Fortune H T , Zhang Yu , Draayer J P
Published: October 2021

Quantum phase transitions and band-mixing phenomena are considered within the framework of a two-state boson–fermion model for the odd-mass 135Ba nucleus. The purpose of the study is to further explore the nature of the interplay between these modalities within the framework of an even–even boson core described by an IBM Hamiltonian coupled to a j = 3/2 fermion as a function of the strength of the coupling constant that links the boson and fermion pictures. The results show that excitation energies and the known E2 strengths of 135Ba are sensitive to the strength of the coupling constant, with a best fit to known experimental results yielding results that lie close to those of the recently proposed E(5/4) model.
Highly adjustable piezoelectric properties in two-dimensional LiAlTe2 by strain and stacking
Authors: Qiu Jian , Chen Xianping , Zhang Fusheng , Zhu Bao , Guo Haojie , Liu Xiaodong , Yu Jiabing , Bao Jiading
Published: October 2021

Two-dimensional (2D) piezoelectric materials have attracted wide attention because they are of great significance to the composition of piezoelectric nanogenerators. In this work, we have systematically studied the piezoelectric properties of 2D LiAlTe2 by using the first-principles calculation and found the 2D LiAlTe2 monolayer exhibits both large in-plane piezoelectric coefficient d
11 (3.73 pm V−1) and out-of-plane piezoelectric coefficient d
31 (0.97 pm V−1). Moreover, the piezoelectric coefficients of 2D LiAlTe2 are highly tunable by strain and stacking. When different uniaxial strains are applied, d
11 changes dramatically, but d
31 changes little. When 2% stretching is applied to 2D LiAlTe2 monolayer along the x-axis, d
11 reaches 7.80 pm V−1, which is twice as large as the previously reported 2D piezoelectric material MoS2. Both AA stacking and AB stacking can enhance the piezoelectric properties of 2D LiAlTe2, but they have different effects on in-plane and out-of-plane piezoelectric coefficients. AA stacking can greatly increase d
31 but has little impact on d
11. In the case of four-layer AA stacking, the d
31 reaches 3.32 pm V−1. AB stacking can both increase d
11 and d
31, but d
11 grows faster than d
31 as the number of layers increases. In the case of four-layer AB stacking, d
11 reaches 18.05 pm V−1. The excellent and highly tunable piezoelectric performance provides 2D LiAlTe2 greater potential for the application of piezoelectric nano-generators and other micro-nano piezoelectric devices.
Collective stimulated Brillouin scattering with shared ion acoustic wave under the action of two overlapping laser beams
Authors: Qiu Jie , Hao Liang , Cao Lihua , Zou Shiyang
Published: October 2021

The overlapping of multiple beams is common in inertial confinement fusion (ICF), making the collective stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) with shared ion acoustic wave (IAW) potentially important because of the effectively larger laser intensities to drive the instability. In this work, based on a linear kinetic model, an exact analytic solution for the convective amplification of collective SBS with shared IAW stimulated by two overlapped beams is presented. From this solution, effects of the wavelength difference, crossing angle, polarization states, and finite beam overlapping volume of the two laser beams on the collective SBS modes with shared IAW are studied. It is found that a wavelength difference of several nanometers between the laser beams has negligible effects, except for a very small crossing angle about one degree. However, the crossing angle, beam polarization states, and finite beam overlapping volume can have significant influences. Furthermore, the out-of-plane modes, in which the wavevectors of daughter waves lie in different planes from the two overlapped beams, are found to be important for certain polarization states and crossing angles of the laser beams. This work is helpful to comprehend and estimate the collective SBS with shared IAW in ICF experiments.
Stimulation of the dorsal root ganglion using an Injectrode®
Authors: Dalrymple Ashley N , Ting Jordyn E , Bose Rohit , Trevathan James K , Nieuwoudt Stephan , Lempka Scott F , Franke Manfred , Ludwig Kip A , Shoffstall Andrew J , Fisher Lee E , Weber Douglas J
Published: October 2021

Objective. The goal of this work was to compare afferent fiber recruitment by dorsal root ganglion (DRG) stimulation using an injectable polymer electrode (Injectrode®) and a more traditional cylindrical metal electrode. Approach. We exposed the L6 and L7 DRG in four cats via a partial laminectomy or burr hole. We stimulated the DRG using an Injectrode or a stainless steel (SS) electrode using biphasic pulses at three different pulse widths (80, 150, 300 μs) and pulse amplitudes spanning the range used for clinical DRG stimulation. We recorded antidromic evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs) in the sciatic, tibial, and common peroneal nerves using nerve cuffs. We calculated the conduction velocity of the ECAPs and determined the charge-thresholds and recruitment rates for ECAPs from Aα, Aβ, and Aδ fibers. We also performed electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements for both electrode types. Main results. The ECAP thresholds for the Injectrode did not differ from the SS electrode across all primary afferents (Aα, Aβ, Aδ) and pulse widths; charge-thresholds increased with wider pulse widths. Thresholds for generating ECAPs from Aβ fibers were 100.0 ± 32.3 nC using the SS electrode, and 90.9 ± 42.9 nC using the Injectrode. The ECAP thresholds from the Injectrode were consistent over several hours of stimulation. The rate of recruitment was similar between the Injectrodes and SS electrode and decreased with wider pulse widths. Significance. The Injectrode can effectively excite primary afferents when used for DRG stimulation within the range of parameters used for clinical DRG stimulation. The Injectrode can be implanted through minimally invasive techniques while achieving similar neural activation to conventional electrodes, making it an excellent candidate for future DRG stimulation and neuroprosthetic applications.
Adaptive asynchronous control system of robotic arm based on augmented reality-assisted brain–computer interface
Authors: Chen Lingling , Chen Pengfei , Zhao Shaokai , Luo Zhiguo , Chen Wei , Pei Yu , Zhao Hongyu , Jiang Jing , Xu Minpeng , Yan Ye , Yin Erwei
Published: October 2021

Objective. Brain-controlled robotic arms have shown broad application prospects with the development of robotics, science and information decoding. However, disadvantages, such as poor flexibility restrict its wide application. Approach. In order to alleviate these drawbacks, this study proposed a robotic arm asynchronous control system based on steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) in an augmented reality (AR) environment. In the AR environment, the participants were able to concurrently see the robot arm and visual stimulation interface through the AR device. Therefore, there was no need to switch attention frequently between the visual stimulation interface and the robotic arm. This study proposed a multi-template algorithm based on canonical correlation analysis and task-related component analysis to identify 12 targets. An optimization strategy based on dynamic window was adopted to adjust the duration of visual stimulation adaptively. Main results. Experimental results of this study found that the high-frequency SSVEP-based brain–computer interface (BCI) realized the switch of the system state, which controlled the robotic arm asynchronously. The average accuracy of the offline experiment was 94.97

%

, whereas the average information translate rate was 67.37 ± 14.27 bits·min−1. The online results from ten healthy subjects showed that the average selection time of a single online command was 2.04 s, which effectively reduced the visual fatigue of the subjects. Each subject could quickly complete the puzzle task. Significance. The experimental results demonstrated the feasibility and potential of this human-computer interaction strategy and provided new ideas for BCI-controlled robots.
Effects of zonal flows on ion temperature gradient instability in the scrape-off layer of a field-reversed configuration
Authors: Wei X.S. , Wang W.H. , Lin Z. , Choi G.J. , Dettrick S. , Lau C. , Liu P.F. , Tajima T.
Published: October 2021

Gyrokinetic simulations of long wavelength ion temperature gradient (ITG) turbulence in the scrape-off layer (SOL) of a field-reversed configuration (FRC) find that zonal flows are nonlinearly generated and are the dominant mechanism for the nonlinear saturation of the ITG instability. After the ITG saturation, zonal flows remain undamped and gradually suppress the turbulent transport to a very low level. In the simulations with collisions, collisional damping gradually reduces zonal flow amplitude to a lower level, which allows finite ITG turbulence intensity and ion heat transport in the SOL. The steady state turbulence intensity and ion heat transport are found to be proportional to the collision frequency. This favorable scaling suggests that minimizing collisions (e.g. increasing temperature, reducing impurity content, etc) and preserving toroidal symmetry could improve plasma confinement in the FRC.
Topological hybrid nanocavity for coupling phase transition
Authors: Zhang Hongyu , Zheng Yanji , Yu Zhi-Ming , Hu Xiaoyong , Lu Cuicui
Published: October 2021

Topological photonic nanocavity provides a robust platform for realizing nano-photonic devices and studying light–matter interaction. Here, a topological photonic-plasmonic hybrid nanocavity, assembling a topological photonic crystal (PhC) nanocavity with a plasmonic nano-antenna, is proposed to have an ultra-high figure of merit Q/V of

1.5
×

10
6

(
λ

/

n

)

−
3

, which is two orders higher than that of the bare topological PhC nanocavity. The single-atom cooperativity parameter is improved by over 60 times due to the large enhancement of Q/V, which makes the coupling between light and a single emitter enter a strong coupling region in topological photonic realm for the first time. Meanwhile, strong coupling and weak coupling can be easily switched in the topological hybrid system by tuning the structure dimension of plasmonic nano-antennas. This work provides a robust platform to control coupling phase transition between light and a single emitter, which has great potential in topological lasers, quantum optics and quantum information.
Detuning regulation of temporal solitons in a CaF2 microcavity
Authors: Xu Xin , Jin Xueying , Gao Haoran , Ye Huichun , Chen Dong , Lu Yang , Yu Liandong
Published: October 2021

Detuning regulation based on the scanning pump wavelength plays an important role in the generation of temporal solitons in an optical microcavity. Field evolution inside a CaF2 microcavity during the detuning regulation process is demonstrated. It is found that a stable single soliton can be excited when modulation instability dominates in the microcavity during frequency tuning with an appropriate scanning speed and operational parameters. However, due to the excessive loss caused by tuning, the soliton eventually evolves into a DC distribution. The influence of different parameters on the light field after formation of the soliton is also studied. Other different parameters lead to different distributional forms of soliton evolution. For maintenance of the single soliton, the appropriate detuning parameter and pump power are changed suddenly after the soliton is generated, causing the soliton to remain stable. Moreover, in the single soliton region, a path within the parameter space of detuning and pump power is planned in order to compress the pulse width of the soliton, and the comb spectrum is broadened. The results of theoretical analysis are important for studying field and spectral characteristics during frequency detuning and for maintaining the temporal soliton in the microcavity.
The role of NaSICON surface chemistry in stabilizing fast-charging Na metal solid-state batteries
Authors: Quérel Edouard , Seymour Ieuan D , Cavallaro Andrea , Ma Qianli , Tietz Frank , Aguadero Ainara
Published: October 2021

Solid-state batteries (SSBs) with alkali metal anodes hold great promise as energetically dense and safe alternatives to conventional Li-ion cells. Whilst, in principle, SSBs have the additional advantage of offering virtually unlimited plating current densities, fast charges have so far only been achieved through sophisticated interface engineering strategies. With a combination of surface sensitive analysis, we reveal that such sophisticated engineering is not necessary in NaSICON solid electrolytes (Na3.4Zr2Si2.4P0.6O12) since optimised performances can be achieved by simple thermal treatments that allow the thermodynamic stabilization of a nanometric Na3PO4 protective surface layer. The optimized surface chemistry leads to stabilized Na|NZSP interfaces with exceptionally low interface resistances (down to 0.1 Ω cm2 at room temperature) and high tolerance to large plating current densities (up to 10 mA cm−2) even for extended cycling periods of 30 min (corresponding to an areal capacity 5 mAh cm−2). The created Na|NZSP interfaces show great stability with increment of only up to 5 Ω cm2 after four months of cell assembly.
mySmartCheck, a Digital Intervention to Promote Skin Self-examination Among Individuals Diagnosed With or at Risk for Melanoma: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Manne Sharon L , Marchetti Michael A , Kashy Deborah A , Heckman Carolyn J , Ritterband Lee M , Thorndike Frances P , Viola Adrienne , Lozada Carolina , Coups Elliot J
Published: October 2021

Background

Regular skin self-examination (SSE) reduces melanoma mortality but is not often conducted.

Purpose

To promote SSE performance in individuals at increased risk for melanoma.

Methods

One hundred sixteen individuals at heightened risk for development of melanoma (i.e., personal/family history of melanoma, high-risk mole phenotype) who did not conduct a thorough SSE during in the prior 3 months were randomly assigned to receive either an automated internet-based intervention (mySmartCheck) or usual care (UC). One hundred sixteen participants completed surveys before random assignment and 99 completed the follow-up survey 13-weeks afterward. The primary outcome was participant self-reported examination (SSE) of all 15 parts of the body in the last 3 months. Secondary outcomes were SSE of any part of the body in the last 3 months and number of body parts examined during the last SSE.

Results

More mySmartCheck participants examined all 15 body parts (32.6% vs. 7.1%, p = .001). More individuals in mySmartCheck reported conducting SSE on any body part than those in UC (81.4% vs. 62.5%, p = .04). Effect sizes were large (d = 1.19 all 15 body parts) to moderate (d = 0.55 for any body part). mySmartCheck participants examined more body areas than UC participants (12.7 vs. 10.3, p = 0.003) during the last SSE. Participants in mySmartCheck reported higher levels of knowledge of suspicious lesions, SSE benefits, SSE self-efficacy, and planning for SSE, and lower SSE barriers, than those assigned to UC.

Conclusions

mySmartCheck had a significant positive impact on SSE performance and behaviors. Additional research with a larger sample size, a longer follow-up, and more varied clinical settings is needed.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov registration # NCT03725449 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03725449).