bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Riding the Blockchain Mania: Public Firms’ Speculative 8-K Disclosures
Authors: Cheng Stephanie F. , De Franco Gus , Jiang Haibo , Lin Pengkai
Published: July 2019

This paper provides evidence on public firms’ initial 8-K disclosures that mention Blockchain and investors’ response to these disclosures. We categorize the description of Blockchain activities in firms’ 8-Ks as Speculative (e.g., a vague future plan that involves Blockchain) or Existing (e.g., a description of Blockchain product). We document a sharp increase in the number of initial 8-K disclosures of Blockchain, particularly by Speculative firms, coinciding with the rise of Bitcoin prices and excitement in Blockchain technology in the last quarter of 2017. Investors react positively to the Blockchain 8-Ks issued by Speculative firms in the initial seven-day event window although the reaction is mostly reversed over the 30 days following the disclosure. The reaction is stronger when Bitcoin returns are more positive. Overall, our results are consistent with a situation that troubles the SEC and the financial press: investors overreact to a firm’s first 8-K disclosure of a potential foray into Blockchain technology and that overreaction is a function of the Bitcoin price bubble.

This paper was accepted by Brian Bushee, accounting.
Reduced bone activity in the native compartments after medial mobile-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. A prospective SPECT/CT study
Authors: Beckers L. , Ooms D. , Berger P. , Van Laere K. , Scheys L. , Vandenneucker H.
Published: July 2019

Aims

Altered alignment and biomechanics are thought to contribute to the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) in the native compartments after medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone activity and remodelling in the lateral tibiofemoral and patellofemoral compartment after medial mobile-bearing UKA.

Patients and Methods

In total, 24 patients (nine female, 15 male) with 25 medial Oxford UKAs (13 left, 12 right) were prospectively followed with sequential 99mTc-hydroxymethane diphosphonate single photon emission CT (SPECT)/CT preoperatively and at one and two years postoperatively, along with standard radiographs and clinical outcome scores. The mean patient age was 62 years (40 to 78) and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 29.7 kg/m2 (23.6 to 42.2). Mean osteoblastic activity was evaluated using a tracer localization scheme with volumes of interest (VOIs). Normalized mean tracer values were calculated as the ratio between the mean tracer activity in a VOI and background activity in the femoral diaphysis.

Results

Significant reduction of normalized tracer activity was observed one year postoperatively in tibial and femoral VOIs adjacent to the joint line in the lateral compartment. Patellar VOIs and remaining femoral VOIs demonstrated a significant, diminished normalized tracer activity at final follow-up.

Conclusion

The osteoblastic bone activity in the native compartments decreased significantly after treatment of medial end-stage OA with a UKA, implying reduced stress to the subchondral bone in the retained compartments after a UKA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:915–921.
Orthopaedic manifestations of pseudoachondroplasia
Authors: Weiner D. S. , Guirguis J. , Makowski M. , Testa S. , Shauver L. , Morgan D.
Published: July 2019

Purpose

In 1959, Maroteaux and Lamy initially designated pseudoachondroplasia as a distinct dysplasia different from achondroplasia the most common form of skeletal dysplasia. Pseudoachondroplasia is caused by a mutation in the collagen oligomeric matrix protein gene (COMP) gene on chromosome 19p13.1-p12 encoding the COMP. The COMP gene mutations result in rendering the articular and growth plate cartilages incapable of withstanding routine biomechanical loads with resultant deformity of the joints. The purpose of the study was to characterize the typical orthopaedic findings in pseudoachondroplasia.

Methods

The charts and radiographs of 141 patients with pseudoachondroplasia were analyzed. This cohort, to our knowledge, represents the largest group of patients describing the typical orthopaedic manifestations of pseudoachondroplasia.

Results

Patients with pseudoachondroplasia have normal craniofacial appearance with normal intelligence. Short stature is not present at birth and generally appears by two to four years of age. The condition is a form of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia and the long bones are characterized by dysplastic changes in the epiphysis, metaphysis and vertebral bodies. Radiographically the long bones have altered the appearance and structure of the epiphyses with small irregularly formed or fragmented epiphyses or flattening. The metaphyseal regions of the long bones show flaring, widening or ‘trumpeting’. The cervical (89%) and thoracic and lumbar vertebrae show either platyspondyly, ovoid, ‘cod-fish’ deformity or anterior ‘beaking’. Kyphosis (28%), scoliosis (58%) and lumbar lordosis (100%) are commonly seen. The femoral head and acetabulum are severely dysplastic (100%). The knees show either genu valgum (22%), genu varum (56%) or ‘windswept’ deformity (22%).

Conclusion

Most commonly these distortions of the appendicular and the axial skeleton lead to premature arthritis particularly of the hips and often the knees not uncommonly in the 20- to 30-year-old age group.

Level of Evidence

III
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy dan Fungsi Ginjal pada Penderita Hipertensi
Authors: SULASTOMO HERU , FAUZI FADLAN AKHYAR , KUSUMAWATI RATNA
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Chronic hypertension can cause complication such as left ventricular
hypertrophy (LVH).  LVH can lead renal artery vasoconstriction, impaire blood perfusion
to glomerulus and change glomerulus filtration coeficient. The aim of this study was to
compare kidney function between hypertensive patient with LVH and without LVH
Methods: This was a case control study that conducted at Dr. Moewardi General
Hospital Surakarta. All subjects has been diagnosed as hypertension more than 5 years.
The diagnosis of LVH was based on electrocardiography (ECG) result. Kidney function
was assessed based on serum ureum, creatinin, and uric acid  levels.
Results: The subject of this study was 26 hypertension patients with LVH and 13
hypertension patients without LVH. Serum ureum level in patients with LVH was higher
than hypertension patients without LVH(24.92 ± 7.99 Vs 32.33±9.91, p= 0.004). Serum
uric acid level in hypertension patients with LVH was higher compare to hypertension
patients without LVH as well (5.26 ± 1.15 Vs 6.98 ± 1.83, p= 0.029). Whereas serum
creatinine levels were not significantly different between two groups of subjects.  
Sulastomo et.al., Left Ventricular Hypertrophy dan Fungsi Ginjal pada Penderita Hipertensi
Conclusion: : Serum ureum and uric acid levels in hypertensive subjects with LVH are
higher than subjects without LVH. There is no difference between serum creatinin level in
hypertensive subject with LVH and without LVH.
A Multicenter Assessment of the Sensitivity and Specificity for a Single High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin Test at Emergency Department Presentation for Hospital Admission
Authors: Kavsak Peter A , McRae Andrew , Vatanpour Shabnam , Ismail Ola Z , Worster Andrew
Published: July 2019

Background

Studies have illustrated how a low or undetectable high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) concentration at emergency department (ED) presentation can rule out myocardial infarction (MI). A problem with using an undetectable hs-cTn cutoff is that this value may be defined differently among hospitals and is also difficult to monitor. In the present study, we assess the diagnostic performance of a clinical chemistry score (CCS) vs hs-cTn alone in the presentation blood sample in the ED for patient hospital admission in a multicenter setting.

Methods

From January 1 to June 30, 2018, consecutive patients with random glucose, creatinine (for an estimated glomerular filtration rate calculation), and hs-cTnI (Abbott, 2 hospitals, Hamilton, Ontario, n = 10496) or hs-cTnT (Roche, 4 hospitals, Calgary, Alberta, n = 25177) were assessed for hospital admission with the CCS (range of scores, 0–5) or hs-cTn alone. Sensitivity, specificity, predicative values, and likelihood ratios were calculated for a CCS of 0 and 5 and for hs-cTn alone (hs-cTnI cutoffs, 5 and 26 ng/L; hs-cTnT cutoffs, 6 and 14 ng/L).

Results

The CCS of 0 (CCS <1) identified approximately 10% of all patients as low risk and had a sensitivity for hospital admission of nearly 98% as compared to <93% when hs-cTnT (<6 ng/L) or hs-cTnI (<5 ng/L) cutoffs alone were used. A CCS ≥5 had a specificity for hospital admission >95%, with approximately 14% of patients at high risk.

Conclusions

An ED disposition (admit or send home) using the presentation blood sample could occur in nearly 25% of all patients by use of the CCS.
Accuracy Evaluation of a Tetrabromophenolphthalein Ethyl Ester Colorimetric Assay for Urinary Albumin
Authors: Krausz Alyse D , Dewar Rajan , Burns Mark A
Published: July 2019

Background

The tetrabromophenolphthalein ethyl ester (TBPE) assay has been used to quantify urinary albumin in point-of-care devices. We assessed the accuracy of this TBPE assay for urinary albumin through comparison with an established immunoturbidimetric method (ADVIA 1800 Chemistry System, Siemens).

Methods

We developed a TBPE assay protocol to quantify albumin in the range associated with microalbuminuria (0–200 mg/L). The Jaffe reaction and a 3-dimensional (3D) surface were used to compensate for creatinine interference. Spiked simulated urine samples and patient samples were used to compare the TBPE assay with the immunoturbidimetric method. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze factors that could account for discrepancies between the 2 methods.

Results

We found that creatinine interfered with the TBPE assay. To compensate, a 3D surface was successfully used to quantify albumin in spiked deionized water and simulated urine samples. In spiked simulated urine samples, the immunoturbidimetric method underestimated the albumin concentration by 2 to 45 mg/L, and the TBPE assay overestimated it by 9 to 82 mg/L. In patient samples, the albumin concentrations measured with the TBPE assay and the immunoturbidimetric method differed by an average of 184 mg/L.

Conclusions

The TBPE assay is a function of the creatinine concentration, and a 3D surface can be used to provide accurate albumin concentrations for standard samples. The corrected TBPE method and the immunoturbidimetric method deviated from known concentrations of spiked samples. Further investigation and comparisons with a third albumin measurement method, such as LC-MS/MS, are necessary before conclusions on the accuracy of the TBPE assay can be made.
Atividade de Trabalho e valor
Authors: Cunha Daisy Cunha
Published: July 2019

Qual a pertinência em pensar o trabalho como produtor de valores na atualidade? O artigo discute implicações atuais entre atividade de trabalho e produção de valor através de revisão teórico-conceitual (conceitos, construtos, redes nocionais) no campo das humanidades. São quatro campos disciplinares (Sociologia, Economia, Direito, Política) nos quais autores seminais são selecionados para pensar a relação trabalho e valor na contemporaneidade. Nesta revisão, observamos que o conceito de trabalho é colocado em questão pela volatilidade do problema da formação do valor econômico na contemporaneidade, onde há uma reestruturação das formas de organização do trabalho e dos modos de produzir bens. Como abordar a questão dos valores, sua produção e circulação, nas reconfigurações atuais do trabalho? A antiga questão do trabalho como fundamento do valor que funda a economia política de Smith à Marx teria ainda alguma pertinência? A também antiga questão das tensões no direito do trabalho entre um direito comercial e um direito social fariam sentido? Conclui-se pela necessidade de repensar as formas de abordar a experiência de trabalho real de modo a dar visibilidade aos conflitos de valor em curso nas situações de trabalho como modo, por excelência, de validar a pertinência do trabalho como produtor de valores.
Validated UV-Vis Spectrophotometric Determination of
Andrographolide in Herbal Nano-Preparation
Authors: Hairunisa Indah , Da'i Muhammad , Wikantyasning Erindyah Retno , Gilang Mahaputra Andhika Rizky , Normaidah Normaidah , Abu Bakar Mohd Fadzelly
Published: July 2019

Determination of major bioactive compounds in polyphyto-formulation is important for production of standardized herbal products. A fast, simple and inexpensive method for detection and quantification of andrographolide concentration in nanoemulsion preparations containing a combination of Andrographis paniculata (Burm f.) Ness. and Phyllanthus niruri L. has been developed. Detection and quantification were carried out using UV-vis spectrophotometry analysis with picric acid reagent and NaOH (8:2) in methanol solvents, read at maximum wavelength 479 nm with 22 min of incubation
time. Validation was done by determine the parameters such as linearity, intra and interday precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). The results obtained showed linearity with r = 0.9945 (y = 0.0109x − 0.2066) in the range of 30-80 μg/mL. The accuracy (recovery) varied in the range of 97.15 to 104.42 %. Percentage of relative standard deviation (% RSD) for precision and intermediate precision value were 3.23 and 3.02 % with LOD value 211 μg/mL and the LOQ 705 μg/mL. As a conclusion, this method is suitable to detect andrographolide content in herbal
nano-preparation.
Synthesis of New Dihydropyrazoles of Designed Curcumin Analogues
Authors: Tripathi Vishwa Deepak
Published: July 2019

Present work demonstrates a facile synthesis of a series of 20 dihydropyrazole derivatives from well designed curcumin analogues by reaction of chalcone derivatives with phenylhydrazine. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic (1H and 13C NMR, IR spectra), spectrometric (Mass spectra) data and elemental analysis. Synthesized dihydropyrazoles have diversity points on attached phenyl ring. Effect of substituent on reactivity was explained on the basis of electronic effect generated due to groups on phenyl ring. Presence of dd (double doublet) in 1H NMR spectrum of dihydropyrazoles was also explained due to presence of optically active carbon of pyrazole ring.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Cobalt(III) Complexes of 4-(2-Substituted Phenylimino)-2-(4-Substituted Phenyl)-4H-chromen-3-ol
Authors: Singh Ashok K. , Patel Suresh K. , Jafri Asif
Published: July 2019

A series of eight Co(III) complexes [CoL1-8(H2O)2Cl] (I-1 to I-8) incorporating 4-(2-substituted phenylimino)-2-(4-substituted phenyl)-4H-chromen-3-ol, as a tridentate imino flavone ligands (L1 to L8, 2-sub. = NH2, SH, 4-sub. = OMe, OH, Cl, NMe2) have been synthesized, characterized and the geometry of the complexes were optimized by DFT. The chemical structure of synthesized imino flavone ligands and their complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, UV-visible, IR, ESI-mass spectral data, conductometric and magnetic measurements. The synthesized compounds have been screened for their in vitro antibacterial activities against bacteria Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and antifungal activities against fungi Candida albicans and Aspergillus flavus by paper disc diffusion method. The complexes I-3, I-4, I-7 and I-8 showed good antimicrobial activities against pathogens.
Synthesis and Characterization of Cobalt(III) Complex of 1,5-bis(2-Hydroxybenzamido)-3-
aza pentane and its Interaction with Glutathione: A Kinetic and Spectrophotometric Study
Authors: Rudrarapu Aravind , Brahma Gouri Sankhar , Nayak Suprava
Published: July 2019

A new octahedral cobalt(III) complex of 1,5-bis(2-hydroxybenzamido)-3-aza pentane was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, UV-visible, IR, mass spectrometry and thermal analysis methods. Oxidative behaviour of the complex towards the physiologically abundant tripeptide, glutathione(GSH) was studied by UV-visible and FT-NMR techniques. Kinetics of electron transfer between the complex and GSH was studied at 25.0 ≤ t/°C ≤ 45.0, 0.025 ≤ [H+]/mol dm-3 ≤ 0.20 and I = 1.0 mol dm-3 (NaClO4). NMR spectra of the reaction mixture were taken as a function of time. Changes observed in the NMR-spectrum during the period of scanning are the initial disappearance of the fine structure and subsequent broadening of the signals of GSH protons. Peaks at (δ, ppm): 2.93 and 2.98, characteristics of Cys-CH2 δ protons in GSH get disappear slowly and new peaks develop at (δ, ppm): 3.33 and 3.38, corresponding to resonating frequencies of Cys-CH2 δ protons in GSSG. Likewise, the peak at (δ, ppm):2.93, characteristic of Cys-CH2 δ proton in GSH is replaced by the resurgence of two peaks at (δ, ppm): 4.3 and 4.1 ppm, commensurate with the resonating frequencies
of same set of protons as that of GSH but in a dimeric environment. The time dependent NMR simulation of the reaction reveals that GSH reduces the CoIII moiety successfully, while it gets converted into the dimer, GSSG. The relatively fast transformation of GSH to GSSG as evident from both electronic spectra and NMR studies together with the activation parameters obtained from the temperature dependence of reaction rate suggest that there is no involvement of any bridging group for electron transfer and the redox process may be taking place via outer sphere mechanism.
Optimization of C18-Cellulose Triacetate Thin Film for Analysis of Caffeine Residue in Water
Authors: Mazlan A.F. , Loh S.H. , Khalik W.M.A.W.M.
Published: July 2019

This study report the optimal condition of an extraction method for caffeine residue analysis in water. C18 was impregnated with cellulose triacetate by using a solution casting method to produce a thin film. Optimization work was performed based on a 23-full factorial central composite design, which was subjected to salt addition, extraction time, and stirring rate as the main parameters. The optimum condition suggested by the model was as follows; salt addition (0.6 %, m/v), extraction time (11 min) and stirring rate (300 rpm). The generated model and 2-way interaction were significant at p < 0.05.
Detection and quantification limits of the developed method were calculated at 0.06 and 0.21 ng/mL, respectively. The thin film displayed exceptional recovery (83.90-98.50 %) and repeatability (7.71-12.40 % RSD) at two levels of concentration.
Organic Boronate Affinity Sorbent for Capture of cis-Diol Containing Compounds Eman Alzahrani
Authors: Alzahrani Eman
Published: July 2019

Boronate affinity chromatography (BAC) is argued to be a critical tool in specific capture and separation of cis-diol containing compounds. In present study, organic boronate affinity monolith poly(3-acrylamido phenylboronic acid-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) (AAPBA-co-EDMA) is prepared through one-step in situ polymerization procedure within a micropipette through the application of a pre-polymerization mixture which contains functional monomer (3-acrylamido phenylboronic acid), cross-linker (ethylene dimethacrylate), porogenic solvent (methanol with poly ethylene glycol) and initiator (2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenyl-acetophenone). Following the optimization of time exposure to UV lamp with 365 nm, the macroporous organic boronate monolith was selected. Several approaches including SEM and BET analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy and measuring contact angle were applied in the characterization of the morphology of the monolith. Several cis-diol compounds that include catechol and galactose are applied in the assessment of the boronate affinity of the organic monolithic material. Additionally, the capture of glucose from urine sample is also conducted. The basic principle of the approach is that boronic acid forms covalent bond with cis-diols in basic solutions whereas the ester bonds are dissociated under acidic media. By using the study results, monolith demonstrate good selectivity towards cis-diol containing compounds. Due to the hydrophilic property of monolith, the affinity chromatography monolith can be performed for several cis-diol compounds including glycoproteins and nucleosides. Also, fabrication of the organic boronate monolithic in microfluidic equipment is essential in facilitating the extraction of boronate affinity using small-volume samples.
BENDING FATIGUE PROPERITIES RESEARCH OF POLYURETHANE CEMENT (PUC)
Authors: Zhang Kexin , Sun Quansheng
Published: July 2019

In order to study the fatigue properties of polyurethane cement (PUC), the newly bridge reinforcement material, three different densities of PUC beams were tested. The studies indicate that the fatigue life of PUC material obeys two parameters Weibull distribution, and the double logarithm fatigue equation with different failure probability is established by this mathematical model. The fatigue life equations of the PUC with three different densities (PUC1500, PUC1200 and PUC800) were established when the failure rate was 0.5. The fatigue life of PUC1500 is the largest, and the fatigue life of PUC material decreases with the decrease of its density. Under the action of bending fatigue load, the fatigue strain of PUC material can be divided into three phases.
PENDIDIKAN BERBASIS ADAB MENURUT A. HASSAN
Authors: Busthami Syarif Hidayat
Published: July 2019

Abstract

This writing discusses and analyzes A. Hassan’s concept in education that is courtesy based educational concept. The figure of A Hassan is often connected with his hard works in spreading the religion guidance that based on Quran and Sunnah besides his concern on education. The research uses qualitative critical analysis method on his works / books and interviews with figures who know and deal with the concept in Persis. The writer conclude that A. Hasssan’s educational concept emphasized courtesy or known as character education.  Not only created and educate to be tafaquh fi al-din but also be prepared to be strong/ discipline and polite person.

Abstrak

Tulisan ini menyajikan analisis mengenai pendidikan berbasis adab A. Hassan. Seringkali ketokohan A. Hassan sebagai guru utama Persatuan Islam dinilai dari sisi kegigihan dalam menegakkan al-Qur’an dan al-Sunnah. Padahal, kefiguran beliau berkaitan pula dengan dunia pendidikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan bentuk anialisis terhadap karya-karya A. Hassan dan wawancara kepada tokoh-tokoh Persatuan Islam. Penulis menyimpulkan, pendidikan A. Hassan banyak menekankan pada pendidikan adab yang dikenal dewasa ini dengan istilah pendidikan karakter. Bukan sekedar mendidik siswa untuk memahami ajaran dengan benar (tafaqquh fi al-din) namun juga mendidik supaya mereka menjadi manusia yang bisa disiplin dan beradab.
PEMIKIRAN PENDIDIKAN MUHAMMAD ABDUH DAN KONTRIBUSINYA TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN TEORI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Asifa Falasipatul
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Muhammad abduh was a reformer figure at century 19’th that the ideas were very shining to renewal of Islam from various aspects. Abduh could resurrect the fighting spirit of Muslims to advanced in Scientist after had period of stagnation. Muhammad Abduh started repaire trough education. Make education as key sectors to saved the Mesir people.Making educational improvements as a principle in scoring sholeh Muslims. Education Muhammad Abduh aims to educate mind and soul and develop it to the extent the enables students to achieves happiness in the world and the hereafter. As for its connection with the curriculum Muhammad Abduh seems to want an integral Islamic Education was integral at each level of education in accordance with the purpose of  education. while to overcome the weakness of educational methods that occurred at that time, Muhammad Abduh applied varied methods.

Abstrak

Muhammad Abduh adalah sosok pembaharu pada abad 19 yang ide-idenya sangat cemerlang untuk pembaharuan Islam dari berbagai aspek. Abduh bisa membangkitkan kembali semangat juang umat Islam untuk terus maju dalam bidang ilmu pengetahuan setelah mengalami fase kejumudan.  Muhammad Abduh memulai perbaikannya melalui pendidikan. Menjadikan pendidikan sebagai sector utama guna menyelamatkan masyarakat Mesir. Menjadikan perbaikan pendidikan sebagai asas dalam mencetak muslim yang sholeh. Pendidikan Muhammad Abduh bertujuan mendidikan akal dan jiwa serta mengembangkannya hingga batas-batas yang memungkinkan anak didik mencapai kebahagiaan hidup di dunia dan di akhirat. Adapun kaitannya dengan kurikulum Muhammad Abduh tampak menginginkan kurikulum pendidikan islam yang integral pada setiap jenjang pendidikan sesuai dengan tujuan pendidikannya. Sedangkan untuk mengatasi kelemahan metode pendidikan yang terjadi pada masa itu, Muhammad Abduh menerapkan metode yang variatif.
The Interface Between Psychiatry and Ophthalmology
Authors: Sadykov Evgenii , Studnička Jan , Hosák Ladislav , Siligardou Mikela-Rafaella , Elfurjani Hajer , Hoikam Jessica Leung , Kugananthan Surentheran , Petrovas Anastasios , Amjad Talal
Published: July 2019

Objective: The aim of this article is to review the interface between psychiatry and ophthalmology at several levels, such as the influence of psychopharmacology on eye disorders, the occurrence of psychiatric symptoms in eye diseases, and the neuroophthalmological examination methods supporting the validity of psychiatric diagnoses. Materials and Methods: We searched the PubMed computer database for the key words “Psychiatry” and “Ophthalmology” on the 28th of August, 2018 to obtain relevant articles which were consequently summarized. Results: The results showed that most patients with ocular disease simultaneously have one or more psychiatric symptoms. We also found a prevalence of eye-related side effects in patients who use psychiatric drugs. At the same time, we observed that some ophthalmology methods of diagnostics can be used as diagnostic tools in psychiatry. Conclusions: Most studies showed a significant relation between psychiatry and ophthalmology, such as eye symptoms and diseases following long-term use of psychotropics as well as psychiatric symptoms and syndromes in patients with eye disorders. Our review may be beneficial to psychiatrists, ophthalmologists, and, last but not least, the patients themselves.
Non-Recurrent Right Laryngeal Nerve: a Rare Anatomic Variation Encountered During a Total Thyroidectomy
Authors: Chrysikos Dimosthenis , Sgantzos Markos , Tsiaoussis John , Noussios George , Troupis Theodore , Protogerou Vassilios , Spartalis Eleftherios , Triantafyllou Tania , Mariolis-Sapsakos Theodoros
Published: July 2019

The non-recurrent laryngeal nerve (nRLN) is a rare anatomic variation that every head and neck surgeon must be aware of, in order to avoid intraoperative injury which leads to postoperative morbidity. We are reporting a case of a nRLN in a 47 year old female patient with medullary thyroid carcinoma who was surgically treated with total thyroidectomy and lymph node dissection. Both two inferior laryngeal nerves were identified, fully exposed and preserved along their cervical courses. However, we found that the right inferior laryngeal nerve was non-recurrent and directly arised from the cervical vagal trunk, entered the larynx after a short transverse course and parallel to the inferior thyroid artery. The safety of thyroid operations is dependent on high index of suspicion, meticulous identification and dissection of laryngeal nerves either recurrent or non-recurrent. This leads to minimum risk of iatrogenic damage of the nerves. Complete knowledge of the anatomy of these neural structures, including all their anatomic variations is of paramount importance.
TÜRKİYE, KATAR, SUUDİ ARABİSTAN VE ENDONEZYA’DAKİ İSLAMİ BANKALARIN PERFORMANSLARININ KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: AYRIÇAY Yücel , KILIÇ Meltem , BOLAT İsmet
Published: July 2019

İslami bankalar, küresel boyutta
yaşanan mali krizlerden daha az etkilendiklerinden dolayı tüm dünyada geleneksel
bankalara göre daha fazla tercih edilmeye başlanmıştır. Bunun en önemli nedeni
olarak,  İslami bankaların faizsiz
bankacılık sistemini kullanmaları ve daha çok reel sektöre yönelik bir yatırım
mantığına sahip olmaları gösterilmektedir. Faizsiz bankacılık sektöründe dünyanın
birçok yerinde faaliyet gösteren İslami bankaların aktif büyüklükleri ve sektör
içindeki payı her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye, Katar,
Suudi Arabistan ve Endonezya’daki İslami bankaların finansal performans
oranlarını açıklamak ve ülkelerdeki İslami bankaların finansal performanslarını
karşılaştırmaktır. Bu kapsamda, Türkiye, Katar, Suudi Arabistan ve Endonezya’daki
İslami bankaların 2011-2017 yılları arasındaki aktif karlılık oranları, öz
sermaye karlılık oranları, verimlilik oranı, faaliyet kaldıracı oranı,
çeşitlendirme derecesi, ücret gelirleri, öz sermaye çarpanı oranı, kredi
büyümesi ve yeniden yatırım oranı ortalamaları incelenmektedir. Ayrıca,
performans oranlarının ülke ortalamaları alınarak ülke bazında karşılaştırma
yapılmaktadır. Çalışmanın sonucunda, faaliyet kaldıracı, kar payı dışı gelir/Faaliyet
geliri ve ücret geliri oranların en yüksek olduğu ülke Suudi Arabistan iken en
düşük olduğu ülke Katar olarak bulunmuştur. Verimlilik değerleri incelendiğinde
en yüksek verimliliğe sahip ülke Endonezya olarak bulunmuşken,  en düşük etkinlik değerine sahip ülkenin Katar
olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Toplam aktif/öz sermaye, kredi büyümesi ve aktif
karlılığı en yüksek olan ülkenin Türkiye, en düşük olan ülkenin ise Suudi
Arabistan olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. En yüksek Öz sermaye karlılığı ve
yeniden yatırım oranına sahip olan ülkenin Endonezya olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
En düşük Öz sermaye karlılığı ve yeniden yatırım oranına sahip olan ülke olarak
ta Suudi Arabistan bulunmuştur.
Can a Parallel Importer Rebrand Pharmaceutical Products in the EU?
Authors: Grigienė Jurgita , Čerka Paulius , Perkumienė Dalia
Published: July 2019

The European Union has established the free movement of goods, which covers the parallel import of goods in the EU. However, the free movement of goods should not infringe on the rights of trade mark owners. In some cases, parallel importer needs not only to repackage but also to rebrand pharmaceutical products. ECJ has stated that rebranding is permissible if objective necessity to rebrand exists. But it is the national court that has to determine what objective necessity is. This paper analyses the decisions of EU Member States. In some cases, objective necessity has been determined on similar grounds. However, in other cases, a necessity to enter some part of the market has been evaluated differently in different Member States. The different evaluation of the necessity criterion could be treated as the infringement of uniform application of the free movement of goods in the EU.
Fragments of Europeanization of Georgian Property Law and Law of Obligations in the Context of Reception of German Law
Authors: Zarandia Tamar , Chitashvili Natia
Published: July 2019

The present research article focuses on the description of the dynamics of Europeanization of two fundamental concepts of Georgian property law and the law of obligations—acquisition of a thing from a non-authorized alienator and the unified concept of breach of obligation—in the context of reception of German law. At the historical stage of formation of the Civil Code of Georgia (CCG), focusing on the conceptual framework of German civil law, the German law, in its turn, was an integral part of the Europeanization process. Hence, Europeanization influenced the development of Georgian civil law through the reception of German law. When referring to the reception of German law in this article we simultaneously mean the process of Europeanization of Georgian civil law, which penetrated not directly but rather through the reception of European (in this case, German) codification. The ongoing reform of Georgian civil law inevitably requires its legal harmonization with EU codifications in the context of central paradigms of acquisition of a thing from a non-authorized alienator and the unified concept of breach of obligation. Analysis of the dynamics and often contradictory root of the Europeanization of Georgian private law will enable scholars and legislators conduct legal approximation process on the basis of research-based recommendations.
An approximation of geodesic circle passing through three points on an ellipsoid
Authors: Ahn Young Joon , Hoffmann Christoph
Published: July 2019

In this paper we present an approximation method for a geodesic circle passing through three points on an oblate ellipsoid. Our method uses a prolate ellipsoid passing through the three points, and the new approximation curve is the intersection of the oblate and prolate ellipsoids, which can be obtained algebraically without iterations. The advantage of our approximation method is that it yields a significantly smaller approximation error. Compared to the plane section curve passing through the three points on the oblate ellipse, our method reduces the approximation error by at least

98

%

98\hspace{0.1667em}\%

when the radii of geodesic circles are 100 km∼1000 km on the surface of the Earth. We illustrate the results using numerical examples.
Preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose from tea stalk and its use as a paper-strengthening agent
Authors: Zhang Yangyang , Li Yalan , Li Mengyang , Xu Min , Yue Jinquan
Published: July 2019

Tea stalk was used for producing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and a response surface methodology was used to model effective factors relative to the degree of substitution (DS). The optimum values of the independent variables were an alkalization time of 107 min, monochloroacetic acid at 3.11 g, and an etherification time of 171 min, at which the CMC had a DS of 0.668. The yield of CMC in optimization condition was 75.9 %. The optimized CMC was in a good agreement with the commercial CMC, as based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry analyses. The optimized CMC was used to enhance paper strength, and with economic factors and paper strength enhancement taken into account, the appropriate amount of optimized CMC was determined to be approximately 0.3 %. When the amount of optimized CMC was at 0.3 %, the tensile index, burst index, tearing index, and folding endurance were 26.7 N m/g,

1.0

kPa

m

2

/
g

1.0\hspace{0.1667em}\text{kPa}\hspace{0.1667em}{\text{m}^{2}}/\text{g}

,

12.1

mN

m

2

/
g

12.1\hspace{0.1667em}\text{mN}\hspace{0.1667em}{\text{m}^{2}}/\text{g}

, and 2.0, respectively. Together, these results indicated that the optimized CMC exhibited comparable paper strengthening properties relative to that of commercially available CMC.
Eisenmetallurgie in der Bronzezeit Osteuropas. Die archäologischen Quellen und ihre Interpretation
Authors: Kašuba Maja , Lehnhardt Enrico , Šramko Irina , Zadnikov Stanislav
Published: July 2019

Im Beitrag werden mehr als 180 Gegenstände aus Eisen ausgewertet, die zwischen dem 3. Jahrtausend v. Chr. und dem Anfang des 1. Jahrtausends v. Chr. im Raum zwischen den Karpaten und dem Ural gefunden wurden. Die Objekte stammen von verschiedenen Fundorten und aus 15 archäologischen Kulturen. Der zeitliche Rahmen der Studie entspricht der Bronzezeit und dem Übergang zur frühen Eisenzeit auf Grundlage der aktuellen chronologischen Vorstellungen in Osteuropa. Der Auswertung liegt eine umfangreiche Datenbank zugrunde. Vorgestellt und analysiert werden: a) die Anzahl der Eisenobjekte und ihre Verbreitung; b) die Kategorien der Gegenstände, die aus Eisen gefertigt wurden; c) die Dynamik und die Art und Weise wie Eisen in Gebrauch kam; d) forschungsgeschichtliche Aspekte. Die Auswertung des Materialkorpus mit den aktualisierten Daten und der frühen Funde aus Eisen sowie Schlacken ergibt ein konkretes Bild ihrer quantitativen und qualitativen Verteilung über zwei Jahrtausende in dem Arbeitsgebiet. Die Untersuchung wirft ein neues Licht auf die Tendenzen in der frühen Eisennutzung in Osteuropa. Das Fazit der Autoren, dass Osteuropa als ein eigenständiges Zentrum bei der Herausbildung der Eisenmetallurgie in der Alten Welt anzusehen ist, muss noch weiter überprüft und durch moderne naturwissenschaftliche Analysen abgesichert werden.
Wadle, Elmar/Thomas Gergen, Die hochmittelalterlichen Gottes- und Landfrieden als Wegbereiter des Strafrechts
Authors: Wadle Elmar , Gergen Thomas
Published: July 2019

Peace and Truce of God as legal sources of penal law. This study presents final results of the research program "The birth of the public penal law", with a grant by the German Research Community [DFG]. It can be concluded that the Peace rules were influential in numerous ways over the course of the eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Texts mentioning Peace institutions – such as the atria, cellaria, etc. or the statutum pacis – were undoubtedly inspired by the Peace councils. The article finally takes into consideration the origins of the Movement of the Peace of God in Southern France and the impact on the North of Spain, in particular Catalonia.

Inhalt: I. Eine geläufige These und die Notwendigkeit ihrer Überprüfung; II. Grundsätzliche Fragen zu Strafrecht und Landfrieden; III. Grundsätzliches zur Praxis des Landfriedensrechts; IV. Einzelstudien; V. Gottesfriede und Treuga Dei im Westen Europas
Garrido Martín, Joaquín, Die historische Rechtsschule in Spanien? Puchtas Begriff des Gewohnheitsrechts und seine Rezeption in der spanischen Rechtswissenschaft
Authors: Garrido Martín Joaquín
Published: July 2019

The German Historical School in Spain? Puchta’s concept of customary law and its reception in Spanish Jurisprudence. During the 19th century, German Jurisprudence, through the work of the Historical School of Law and the Pandectist Studies, had a decisive influence on Spanish legal science as well as in other surrounding countries. However, the introduction of the doctrines of the Historical School in Spain has generally been regarded with skepticism by legal historians: the common conclusion is that in Spain there is no reception of the Rechtsschule. After a critical review of this traditional understanding of the reception of the School, I offer an analysis of the mid-century introduction of the concept of customary law developed within the Historical School, based on the doctrine of the Überzeugungstheorie (Puchta). The German doctrine of customary law was well received by the jurists who, from the first codification projects, privileged legal custom as the primary source of law. I maintain that one can speak on the one hand of the ‘projection’ in Spain of a philosophy – the vague legal historicism condensed in the notion of the Volksgeist –, and on the other hand of a clearer ‘reception’ of the doctrinal concept of legal custom elaborated within the Historical School.
Švecová, Adriana, Deutsch-slowakische interlinguale Parallelen in der Erbrechtsterminologie am Beispiel der Tyrnauer Bürgertestamente des 18. und der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Švecová Adriana
Published: July 2019

The Interlingual German-Slovak Parallels in the Law of Succession Terminology of the Trnava Burgher Testaments from the 18th and 19th Centuries. The author focused on the terminology related to German and Slovak testaments from the 18th and 19th centuries, which can be found in the Slovak State archive in Trnava (town in the northern part of the Hungarian Kingdom, more precisely in its part called Upper Hungary which is the present-day Slovakia). The terms’ analysis was descriptive and comparative. The the research analyzes the historical language (gained through archival research), it reflects the legal-historical background and the relation of language and terminology. This research paper is of comparative character and gives evidence of how German language influenced the Slovak language due to interlingual coexistence of these two ethnic groups, dominant in the urban areas of the Upper Hungary region, i.e. the present-day Slovakia.
A Novel Oscillation-Free Force Measurement for the Determination of Material Properties during High-Speed Tests
Authors: Fang X. F. , Grams R.
Published: July 2019

The determination of material properties under high-speed loading has been a challenge for many years. Structural vibrations, or system ringing, in a conventional tensile testing machine deteriorate the quality of the force measurement, which prevents the precise determination of stress-strain curves and the corresponding mechanical properties. In this work, a new sample geometry and a corresponding measurement method are presented and analyzed. This new method allowed for the determination of oscillation-free, true stress-strain curves at high strain rates. Because a new minor plastic deformation area exists in the new Generation III sample, a quasi-movable bearing condition for the sample fixation is created. The forces acting on the sample deformed the cross section and created a displacement in this minor plastic deformation area. In this way, the elastic ringing effect was reduced significantly. This new method could also be applied to the quasi-static test and strain rates ranging from 10−4 to 103/s. Moreover, the filtering or similar manipulation of the results is no longer needed. The validity of the new method was proven by testing two steels with different strain-hardening behaviors.
Protein Structure Analysis: Introducing Students to Rational Drug Design
Authors: Szarecka Agnieszka , Dobson Christopher
Published: July 2019

We describe a series of engaging exercises in which students emulate the process that researchers use to efficiently develop new pharmaceutical drugs, that of rational drug design. The activities are taken from a three- to four-hour workshop regularly conducted with first-year college students and presented here to take place over three to four class periods. Although targeted at college students, these activities may be appropriate at the high school level as well, particularly in an AP Biology course. The exercises introduce students to the topics of bioinformatics and computer modeling, in the context of rational drug design, using free online resources such as databases and computer programs. Through the process of learning about computational drug design and drug optimization, students also learn content such as elements of protein structure and protein–ligand interactions. Based on our assessment, students enjoy the exercises, become more interested in bioinformatics and computer modeling, and demonstrate an increase in content knowledge relevant to the topics.
A methane emissions reduction equivalence framework for alternative leak detection and repair programs
Authors: Fox Thomas A. , Ravikumar Arvind P. , Hugenholtz Chris H. , Zimmerle Daniel , Barchyn Thomas E. , Johnson Matthew R. , Lyon David , Taylor Tim
Published: July 2019

Fugitive methane emissions from the oil and gas sector are typically addressed through periodic leak detection and repair surveys. These surveys, conducted manually using handheld leak detection technologies, are time-consuming. To improve the speed and cost-effectiveness of leak detection, technology developers are introducing innovative solutions using mobile platforms, close-range portable systems, and permanent installations. Many of these new approaches promise faster, cheaper, or more effective leak detection than conventional methods. However, ensuring mitigation targets are achieved requires demonstrating that alternative approaches are at least as effective in reducing emissions as current approaches – a concept known as emissions reduction equivalence. Here, we propose a five-stage framework for demonstrating equivalence that combines controlled testing, simulation modeling, and field trials. The framework was developed in consultation with operators, regulators, academics, solution providers, consultants, and non-profit groups from Canada and the U.S. We present the equivalence framework and discuss challenges to implementation.
Aníbal Quijano y su tiempo
Authors: Valladares Manuel
Published: July 2019

El artículo presenta un recorrido sobre la biografía personal, intelectual y política de Aníbal Quijano, desde sus orígenes en Áncash, su temprana juventud, formación académica y su compromiso con la militancia en la izquierda. Analiza sus propuestas más resaltantes, desde el marxismo, la teoría de la dependencia y la colonialidad. Rescata la coherencia de Quijano, dentro de su concepción ideológica y política hasta su prolífica producción sociológica, junto con sus aportes e investigaciones más resaltantes.
PENGARUH BAURAN PEMASARAN TERHADAP LOYALITAS KONSUMEN KECAP MANIS ABC DI JABODETABEK
Authors: Sa’diyah Halimatus , E Elpawati , Puspita Sari Rizki Adi
Published: July 2019

This study aims to analyze effects of marketing mixes on consumer loyalties. A total of 100 respondents drawn from consumers who never consumed or consumed soy sauce ABC at least once during the last year were interviewed. Descriptive analyses and methods Path Analyses were used to analyze the relationship between the independent variables, namely products, prices, places, and promotions on the dependent variable, customer loyalties (Y2) through mediating variables or intermediate variables, consumer behaviors (Y1). Results indicated that the variables of products, prices, places, and promotions jointly had influences on consumer behaviors while partial test showed that variables of product and promotion had direct effects on consumer loyalties, and variables of price and place did not have any influences directly but through intermediary variables namely consumer behaviors.
STRATEGI PENANGANAN RISIKO OPERASIONAL PEMASARAN PRODUK TEH CELUP HIJAU WALINI PADA INDUSTRI HILIR TEH PT PERKEBUNAN NUSANTARA VIII, BANDUNG, JAWA BARAT
Authors: Nugraha Idzhar Jaya , Wastra Akhmad Riyadi , Ichdayati Lilis Imamah
Published: July 2019

Tea is an Indonesian excellent product that has been recognized worldwide. Indonesia is the seventh best tea producer which have international market potential.Therefore Tea Indonesia is expected to take advantage on existing opportunities from downstream industry of tea. The one of stated-owned plantation company who have downstream industry of tea is PT Perkebunan Nusantara VIII. Walini’s tea is a one famous brand product for this company. The development downstream industry of tea PTPN VIII is faced with yet achieved the expected sales. Amount of cost operational marketing and sales are indicated of operational risk. The objective of this study is strategy handling of marketing operational risk Walini Green tea bag product in downstream industry of tea PTPN VIII. Identification risk is first step to know the problem of marketing operational in downstream industry of tea PTPN VIII. By using Z-Score and Value at Risk (VAR) metode, it be showed the result of probability and impact of marketing operational risk. Preventif and mitigation strategy can be handling this company to growth up the expected sales.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN USAHA CAKE BUAH NAGA SEBAGAI IKON OLEH-OLEH ASLI BATAM (Studi Kasus : CV. Aroma Cake Buah Naga, Batam)
Authors: L Lainatussifa , Muhib Acep
Published: July 2019

This study aimed to analyze the business development strategies of dragon fruit cake in C.V. Aroma Dragon Fruit, Batam. The IFE matrix, EFE, SWOT and AHP were employed to formulate strategic priorities for the business. Results of processing matrices AHP showed that priority strategies are an improvement strategy of the management system and the quality of customer service (0,157), a market penetration strategy (0,157), an improvement vision and mission of the company (0.123), and a development of new products in accordance with the development of consumer preferences (0.117 ).