bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovation Ecosystems for the Moldovan Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
Authors: Ubreziova Iveta , Diacikova Anna , Sokil Oksana , Apostol Stefan
Published: July 2020

In the last decades, the word 'innovation' can be heard more and more on the entrepreneurial side. It has a crucial role in satisfying the customers, competition with other companies, and increasing the turnover of the enterprises. SME's economic performance is directly affecting the national budget. Still, there is not a precise method of assessing and improving the innovation process at neither firm nor national level. The paper aims to analyze the current innovative performance of Moldovan SMEs. The analysis will explore factors affecting enterprise innovation. It will determine how the existing innovation ecosystem affects the one in an enterprise, and what methods should be applied to improve innovation as well as the ecosystem. To gain insight, the study conducted an email survey of 150 companies, which were the object for research in the Republic of Moldova. The primary purpose of the study is to emphasize the importance of innovation issues related to increasing SME's competitiveness, in connection with presenting the theoretical aspects in the field, proving basic concepts and quantifying them in the study of innovation as well as various forms, types, and factors influencing innovative organizations. The objective of these enterprise questionnaires is to accumulate substantial and reliable information that is significant to responding to the fundamental research questions. Methodological tools of the research methods were the tools for statistical analysis based on using primary data from the questionnaire research. The reference period for statistical research was 2013 and 2017. The author collected the data between August and September 2018 based on questionnaires filled in on paper or sent through the email by the enterprises included in the research. The results of the study provide the following insights: product innovation is the primary innovation type among Moldovan SMEs; the country lacks financial resources for innovation support. Also, Moldova's weak innovation ecosystem and lack of highly qualified workers slow down the development of enterprises. At the end of the thesis, several recommendations for enterprise managers as well as high-level government organizations were provided.
Keywords
ecosystems, entrepreneurs, innovation, small and medium-sized enterprises, SMEs, Moldova.
Management of Innovation of the Economic Potential of the Rural Enterprises
Authors: Partlova Petra , Strakova Jarmila , Vachal Jan , Pollak Frantisek , Dobrovic Jan
Published: July 2020

The analysis and management of innovation of the economic potential of the rural enterprises are currently the limiting factors of the stability and development of the enterprises; on the other hand, it is a condition for maintaining rural viability. Innovation is a catalyst for the growth of the enterprises, both within their internal environment and in the rural areas and the settlements established in such areas. Only the interconnection of the two levels of innovation (corporate and territorial) ensures stability and profitability for the enterprise. The paper focuses on the latter-mentioned part of innovation, both in terms of the methodology and research. The method for determining the innovative economic potential of rural settlements is presented in the paper, defined as the existential and development base for different enterprises. In relation, the paper discusses the issue of quantification of the economic potential of the clusters. The data acquisition is based on secondary data of the LAGs of the South Bohemian Region and the data from Ekotoxa. All municipalities of Trebonsko LAG (Czech Republic) are included in the data collection. The method for clustering the municipalities by their specifics is supposed to be the most important result of the research, together with defining the areas suitable for innovation processes. Four models - Economic Cluster, Social Cluster, Cluster of Infrastructure, and Cluster of Environment - are defined based on four groups of the variables (economic, social, infrastructure, and environmental). A municipality is classified into an appropriate group based on the group (pillar) in which the municipality scored the highest average order. The average order of the municipality in each pillar is calculated as well. The method is followed by a verified procedure for defining the business potential of the clusters. The stepwise backward regression method is used to define the index of progressivity of the economic structure, determining the socio-economic differentiation of the regions in the Czech Republic. Regarding both the methodological procedure and the analytical tool, it is possible to state their suitable choice; the research results are relevant, valid, and usable in practice. The activities with high economic and innovation potential in the tested area include transport services, availability of the services, municipal infrastructure, drinking water supply, the occurrence of water bodies, and the structure of the population.
Keywords:
municipality, economic potential, rural area, cluster, Stepwise backward regression, models, LAG of Trebonsko.
Business Model Management of Low-Cost Carriers: in a Search for Impact-Factors of Performance (Case of AirAsia Group Airlines)
Authors: Wu Chen-Yuh , Heiets Iryna , Shvindina Hanna
Published: July 2020

The study is aimed at analyzing how social and economic development indicators, global and regional economic indices are influencing low-cost carriers (LCC), AirAsia Group Berhad (AAGB) in particular. It is crucial not only to define the impact-factors but to embed them in a management framework for further decision-making. Passenger traffic is the main indicator of LCC performance, unlike the Full-Service Network Carriers (FNSC) that taking advantage of both passengers and freights. However, both categories depending on the macroenvironment and business environment dynamics, and KPIs should be reconsidered to face the current global challenges. The global GDP, GDP per capita are commonly used to access the economic and social development trends, the passenger numbers per annum, unemployment rate, and else are used to understand the status of operations in LLC performance management. This study deals with several overlapped categories of research, such as low-cost carriers business model, impact-factors of air transport development, global trends in several industries. The research methodology is a combination of comparative analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and forecasting, using secondary data from annual reports and quaternary financial reports. The comparative analysis gave us an understanding of the general performance trend of the group and subsidiaries. One of the study components is the correlation analysis that revealed the most correlated factors for the economic development of AAGB, such as global GDP, regional GDP, regional GDP per capita, population growth. The global and regional dimensions were presented in the research to reveal what affects airline performance the most. Global GDP is the most correlated indicator for the global and regional development within AAGB, and the regional GDP per capita comes the second by its significance. The population size has a great influence on performance indicators (globally and regionally), and if this indicator is taken into account for forecasting the potential growth is expected in the next five years. These findings enable to design of the business-model of LLC more accurate in accordance with the forecast analysis towards innovative cost decisions.
Keywords:
business model, management, KPI, performance management, Low-Cost Carrier, airline, AirAsia group, passenger traffic.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ADVANCED METHOD OF FINDING SOLUTIONS FOR NEURO-FUZZY EXPERT SYSTEMS OF ANALYSIS OF THE RADIOELECTRONIC SITUATION
Authors: Pievtsov Hennadii , Turinskyi Oleksandr , Zhyvotovskyi Ruslan , Sova Oleg , Zvieriev Oleksii , Lanetskii Boris , Shyshatskyi Andrii
Published: July 2020

Nowadays, artificial intelligence has entered into all spheres of our life. The system of analysis of the electronic environment is not an exception. However, there are a number of problems in the analysis of the electronic environment, namely the signals. They are analyzed in a complex electronic environment against the background of intentional and natural interference. Also, the input signals do not match the standards due to the influence of different types of interference. Interpretation of signals depends on the experience of the operator, the completeness of additional information on a specific condition of uncertainty. The best solution in this situation is to integrate with the data of the information system analysis of the electronic environment and artificial neural networks. Their advantage is also the ability to work in real time and quick adaptation to specific situations. These circumstances cause uncertainty in the conditions of the task of signal recognition and fuzzy statements in their interpretation, when the additional involved information may be incomplete and the operator makes decisions based on their experience.

That is why, in this article, an improved method for finding solutions for neuro-fuzzy expert systems of analysis of the electronic environment is developed.

Improving the efficiency of information processing (reducing the error) of evaluation is achieved through the use of neuro-fuzzy artificial neural networks that are evolving and learning not only the synaptic weights of the artificial neural network, but also the type and parameters of the membership function. High efficiency of information processing is also achieved through training in the architecture of artificial neural networks by taking into account the type of uncertainty of the information that has to be assessed and work with clear and fuzzy products. This reduces the computational complexity of decision-making and absence of accumulation of an error of training of artificial neural networks as a result of processing of the arriving information on an input of artificial neural networks. The use of the proposed method was tested on the example of assessing the state of the electronic environment. This example showed an increase in the efficiency of assessment at the level of 20–25 % on the efficiency of the processing information
ACETILAÇÃO ENZIMÁTICA DO BIODIESEL DE Ricinus communis L. (MAMONA) VISANDO A REDUÇÃO DE SUA VISCOSIDADE
Authors: Assunção João Carlos Costa , Valdevino Francisca Ítala da Silva Paiva , Rodrigues Francisco Eduardo Arruda
Published: July 2020

O presente trabalho objetivou a investigação da redução da viscosidade do biodiesel de mamona (Ricinus communis L.) através de acetilação enzimática. Foram avaliadas seis variedades de lipases comerciais, Amano Lípase OS de Burkholderia cepacia imobilizada em terra diatomácea, lipase de Candida rugosa, lipase do pâncreas de porco (PPL), Amano PS, Lipozyme RM e a Novozyme. A enzima selecionada foi a Amano Lipase OS imobilizada. Um planejamento experimental fatorial completo 24 foi elaborado com o intuito de encontrar as melhores condições reacionais. Massa de enzima, temperatura, tipo de solvente e doador de grupo acila foram os parâmetros avaliados. Os fatores de maior impacto foram a massa de enzima e o tipo de solvente, sendo uma massa de 10 mg de enzima e hexano como solvente os que resultaram em rendimentos mais elevados (>99%). A alta temperatura influenciou negativamente. O estudo cinético revelou que a reação enzimática se ajustou a um modelo de pseudo-primeira ordem. As medidas das propriedades físico-químicas para o óleo, biodiesel e biodiesel acetilado revelaram bons resultados e condizentes com os limites estabelecidos pelas normas da ANP, dentre elas estão o teor de umidade, índice de acidez, iodo e massa especifica, e para alguns metais, enxofre e fósforo. O principal objetivo da pesquisa foi alcançado, conseguiu-se reduzir a viscosidade do biodiesel da mamona em cerca de 50% após acetilação do grupo hidroxila (OH), diminuindo dessa forma a sua polaridade, e melhorando suas propriedades.
Study on the organization of water-conservation activities and guiding strategies for urban communities based on public participation in China
Authors: Xue Binxia , Li Tongyu , Hou Xiaohe , Guo Jiayi
Published: July 2020

Water shortages and pollution in China are severe situations caused by rapid economic development and urbanization. The current water-conservation policies focus on implementing new technologies and management strategies at important spatial nodes while neglecting the significance of the response from the community and the public. In this paper, the elements that influence the public participation of water conservation within the community are analyzed and divided into three levels: the internal world elements of the residents, the different individual characters of the residents, and external world elements. Among these three levels, the internal world element level, including the desire to realize oneself, is crucial, as it will significantly strengthen an individual's participation activity once motivated. Based on Maslow's five-level theory of human needs, to establish a model of public participation in water-conservation communities, economic benefits, environmental improvement benefits, and the self-fulfilling satisfaction of participation will become the motivation for the model to function. In a new project, reclaimed water landscapes are established in the community, and eco-recreational activities with water-conservation themes are organized to guide and encourage public participation to foster water-conservation consciousness and to establish aging water-conservation guiding policies and implementation methods in the community.
Development of high-resolution 72 h precipitation and hillslope flood maps over a tropical transboundary region by physically based numerical atmospheric–hydrologic modeling
Authors: Trinh T. , Ho C. , Do N. , Ercan A. , Kavvas M. L.
Published: July 2020

Long-term, high spatial and temporal resolution atmospheric and hydrologic data are crucial for water resource management. However, reliable high-quality precipitation and hydrologic data are not available in various regions around the world. This is, in particular, the case in transboundary regions, which have no formal data sharing agreement among countries. This study introduces an approach to construct long-term high-resolution extreme 72 h precipitation and hillslope flood maps over a tropical transboundary region by the coupled physical hydroclimate WEHY-WRF model. For the case study, Da and Thao River watersheds (D-TRW), within Vietnam and China, were selected. The WEHY-WRF model was set up over the target region based on ERA-20C reanalysis data and was calibrated based on existing ground observation data. After successfully configuring, WEHY-WRF is able to produce hourly atmospheric and hydrologic conditions at fine resolution over the target watersheds during 1900–2010. From the modeled 72 h precipitation and flood events, it can be seen that the main precipitation mechanism of DRW and TRW are both the summer monsoon and tropical cyclone. In addition, it can be concluded that heavy precipitation may not be the only reason to create an extreme flood event. The effects of topography, soil, and land use/cover also need to be considered in such nonlinear atmospheric and hydrologic processes. Last but not least, the long-term high-resolution extreme 72 h precipitation and hillslope flood maps over a tropical transboundary region, D-TRW, were constructed based on 111 largest annual historical events during 1900–2010.
Hydro-meteorological characteristics and occurrence probability of extreme flood events in Moroccan High Atlas
Authors: Saidi Mohamed El Mehdi , Saouabe Tarik , El Alaoui El Fels Abdelhafid , El Khalki El Mahdi , Hadri Abdessamad
Published: July 2020

Flood frequency analysis could be a tool to help decision-makers to size hydraulic structures. To this end, this article aims to compare two analysis methods to see how rare an extreme hydrometeorological event is, and what could be its return period. This event caused many deadly floods in southwestern Morocco. It was the result of unusual atmospheric conditions, characterized by a very low atmospheric pressure off the Moroccan coast and the passage of the jet stream further south. Assessment of frequency and return period of this extreme event is performed in a High Atlas watershed (the Ghdat Wadi) using historical floods. We took into account, on the one hand, flood peak flows and, on the other hand, flood water volumes. Statistically, both parameters are better adjusted respectively to Gamma and Log Normal distributions. However, the peak flow approach underestimates the return period of long-duration hydrographs that do not have a high peak flow, like the 2014 event. The latter is indeed better evaluated, as a rare event, by taking into account the flood water volumes. Therefore, this parameter should not be omitted in the calculation of flood probabilities for watershed management and the sizing of flood protection infrastructure.
Effect of liquid digestate recirculation on biogas production and enzyme activities for anaerobic digestion of corn straw
Authors: Xue Shuaixing , Qiu Ling , Guo Xiaohui , Yao Yiqing
Published: July 2020

To accelerate the degradation of substrate, 50% liquid digestate recirculation (LDR) was used in the anaerobic digestion (AD) of corn straw. The effects of recirculation on the enzyme activities and biogas production were investigated by comparing with control reactor (ReactorCK). During the AD process, the fermentation system with 50% LDR was more stable. The average biogas and methane production in ReactorLDR were 7,891 mL·d−1 and 347 mL CH4·g−1 VSadded·d−1 respectively. The total volatile fatty acids (TVFAs) concentration in the two reactors both increased at first and then decreased with time. The LDR made the VFAs accumulation significant, especially propionic acid accumulation in 4 ∼ 16 days. The maximum peak value of cellulase, xylanase, dehydrogenase and coenzyme F420 activities in ReactorLDR were 0.51 mg·g−1·h−1, 0.29 mg·g−1·h−1, 4.88 mL·g−1·h−1 and 6.69 μmol·L−1, respectively, which were higher than that in ReactorCK. With or without recirculation, the concentration of TVFAs was positively correlated with cellulase, xylanase and dehydrogenase activities, while was negatively correlated with coenzyme F420 activity. Besides, a very significant correlation existed between hydrolase and dehydrogenase activities and daily biogas production in ReactorCK. And the peaks of cellulase, xylanase and dehydrogenase activities appeared ahead of the peak of daily biogas production with the LDR.
Recent Advances in the Cross-Coupling of Arylaluminums with Electrophile Reagents
Authors: Qinghan Li , Xin Jiang , Kun Wu , Ruiqiang Luo , Zhihao Zhang , Meng Liang , Zheyao Huang
Published: July 2020

:

The arylaluminum reagents are good nucleophiles for organic reactions because of their
high reactivity, high chemoselective, low toxicity, and ease of preparation. Therefore, arylaluminum
reagents are widely applied in many organic reactions. This review summarizes the recent advancement
of the arylaluminum reagents applied in cross-coupling reactions, involving various reaction
systems and properties of reaction.
Synthesis and Apoptotic Activities of New 2(3H)-benzoxazolone Derivatives in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Erdag Emine , Becer Eda , Mulazim Yusuf , Vatansever Hafize Seda , Kabadayı Hilal , Kesanli Banu
Published: July 2020

Background:

2(3H)-Benzoxazolone derivatives are preferential structural blocks in pharmacological
probe designing with the possibility of modifications at various positions on the core structure. Benzoxazolones
showed various biological activities such as analgesics, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer.

Objective:

In the present work, we have prepared new Mannich bases of 2(3H)-benzoxazolone derivatives and
evaluated their cytotoxicities and proapoptotic properties in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line.

Methods:

The structures of these compounds were characterized by FT-IR, elemental analysis, 1H and 13C
NMR. Cytotoxicities of all the target compounds were investigated by MTT assay. Apoptotic properties of
compounds were evaluated by immunocytochemistry using antibodies against caspase-3, cytochrome-c, FasL,
and also TUNEL assay.

Results:

These two novel compounds, 1 and 2, both have the same piperazine substituent on the nitrogen atom
of benzoxazolone and the main difference in the structures of these compounds is the presence of Cl substituent
at the 5- position of the benzoxazolone ring. MTT results showed that compounds 1 and 2 were effective in
terms of reduction of cell viability at 100μM and 50μM concentration for 48h, respectively. As a result of immunohistochemical
staining, Fas L and caspase-3 immunoreactivities were significantly increased in MCF-7
cells after treatment with compound 1. Additionally, caspase-3 and cytochrome-c immunoreactivities were also
increased significantly in MCF-7 cells after treatment with compound 2. The number of TUNEL positive cells
was significantly higher in MCF-7 cells when compared with the control group after treatment with both compounds
1 and 2.

Conclusion:

It could be concluded that N-substituted benzoxazolone derivatives increase potential anti-cancer
effects and they could be promising novel therapeutic agents for chemotherapy.
The Anti-Breast Cancer Effects of Green-Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Carob Extracts
Authors: Pouresmaeil Vahid , Haghighi Shaghayegh , Raeisalsadati Asieh S. , Neamati Ali , Homayouni-Tabrizi Masoud
Published: July 2020

Background:

The use of nanoparticles synthesized by the green method to treat cancer is fairly recent.
The aim of this study was to evaluate cytotoxicity, apoptotic and anti-angiogenic effects and the expression
of involved genes, of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) synthesized with Carob extracts on different human
breast cancer cell lines.

Methods:

ZnO-NPs were synthesized using the extracts of Carob and characterized with various analytical
techniques. The MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 cells were treated at different times and concentrations of ZnO-NPs.
The cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and anti-angiogenic effects were examined using a series of cellular assays. Expression
of apoptotic genes (Bax and Bcl2) and anti-angiogenic genes, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)
and its Receptor (VEGF-R) in cancer cells treated with ZnO-NPs were examined with Reverse Transcriptionquantitative
Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR). The anti-oxidant activities of ZnO-NPs were evaluated by
ABTS and DPPH assay.

Results:

Exposure of cells to ZnO-NPs resulted in a dose-dependent loss of cell viability. The IC50 values at 24,
48, and 72 hours were 125, 62.5, and 31.2μg/ml, respectively (p<0.001). ZnO-NPs treated cells showed, in
fluorescent microscopy, that ZnO-NPs are able to upregulate apoptosis and RT-qPCR revealed the upregulation
of Bax (p<0.001) and downregulation of Bcl-2 (p<0.05). ZnO-NPs increased VEGF gene expression while
decreasing VEGF-R (p<0.001). The anti-oxidant effects of ZnO-NPs were higher than the control group and
were dose-dependent (p<0.001).

Conclusion:

ZnO-NPs synthetized using Carob extract have the ability to eliminate breast cancer cells and
inhibit angiogenesis, therefore, they could be used as an anticancer agent.
Levodopa Therapy for Parkinson's Disease: History, Current Status and Perspectives
Authors: Bogetofte Helle , Alamyar Arezo , Blaabjerg Morten , Meyer Morten
Published: July 2020

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a preferential
degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. This results in a profound
decrease of striatal dopamine (DA) levels, which in turn leads to the cardinal motor symptoms
of PD; muscle rigidity, hypo- and bradykinesia and resting tremor. Even 50 years after its initial use,
the DA precursor levodopa (L-dopa), is still the most effective medical therapy for the symptomatic
treatment of PD. Long-term L-dopa treatment is however, unfortunately associated with undesirable
side effects such as motor fluctuations and dyskinesias. Furthermore, despite the disease alleviating
effects of L-dopa, it is still discussed whether L-dopa has a neurotoxic or neuroprotective effect on dopaminergic
neurons. Here we review the history of L-dopa, including its discovery, development and
current use in the treatment of PD. We furthermore review current evidence of the L-dopa-induced
side effects and perspectives of L-dopa treatment in PD compared to other established treatments such
as DA-agonists and the inhibitors of catechol-o-methyltransferase and monoamine oxidase B.
Prospective Function of Different Antioxidant Containing Natural Products in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Habibur , Akter Rokeya , Kamal Mohammad Amjad
Published: July 2020

Neurodegenerative diseases represent one of the most important public health problems
and concerns, as they are a growing cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, particularly in the
elderly. However, natural products have a significant function in the avoidance of disease by boosting
health in humans as well as animals. These natural products have been scientifically acknowledged
to have a range of biological characteristics like antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory actions.
Both In vitro and in vivo studies have more recognized the convenience of natural products in different
preclinical models of neurodegenerative disorders. Moreover, most NPs comprise phytoconstituents,
including polyphenolic antioxidants; originate in herbs, fruits, nuts, vegetables, as well
as, also in marine with freshwater flora. These phytoconstituents might actively repress neuro-degeneration
and recover memory as like cognitive actions of the brain. Moreover, they are well recognized
to participate in an essential position in the prevention of like treatment of different neurodegenerative
diseases, like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, and additional
neuronal disorders. However, the large-scale neuro-pharmacological actions of natural products
have been familiar owing to the consequence of also the inhibition of inflammatory processes, or
the up-regulation of various cell endurance proteins or a mixture of together. Owing to the shortage
of human studies on neuroprotective belongings of natural products, this review highlights a variety
of documented actions of natural products in vitro and in vivo preclinical models and their possible
neuro-protection applications by the accessible awareness in writing.
Evaluación de medidas morfométricas de tendones y ligamentos metacarpales palmares por ultrasonografía en caballos criollos colombianos
Authors: Reyes-Bossa Bernardo Jose , Medina-Rios Hernan Isaias , Cardona-Álvarez Jose Alberto
Published: July 2020

Objetivo. Determinar los parámetros morfométricos ultrasonográficos de los tendones y ligamentos metacarpales palmares de caballos criollos colombianos clínicamente sanos. Materiales y métodos. Treinta caballos criollos colombianos clínicamente sanos de 6.4 ± 2.5 años se evaluaron en diferentes zonas del departamento de Córdoba (Colombia). Se midieron las variables área transversal (cm2), ancho latero medial (ALM) (cm) y espesor dorso palmar (EDP) (cm) en las estructuras de la región metacarpiana en los dos miembros anteriores mediante ultrasonografía. Resultados. La ecografía reveló que el área transversal del ligamento suspensorio fue la estructura de mayor área en las regiones proximales (1A, 1B y 2A), tanto para la extremidad izquierda como para la derecha. Por otro lado, no hubo una diferencia significativa (p>0.05) entre la extremidad izquierda y derecha para las mediciones de las estructuras en cualquier zona, y no hubo una diferencia significativa entre los grupos de edades e índice de masa corporal (IMC) de los caballos. Conclusiones. Se obtuvieron valores de referencia para los tendones y ligamentos en la región metacarpiana palmar en equinos proporcionando una guía de referencia cuando se sospechan condiciones patológicas metacarpo en equinos.
Role of Artificial Intelligence in Patient Safety Outcomes: Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Choudhury Avishek , Asan Onur
Published: July 2020

Background

Artificial intelligence (AI) provides opportunities to identify the health risks of patients and thus influence patient safety outcomes.

Objective

The purpose of this systematic literature review was to identify and analyze quantitative studies utilizing or integrating AI to address and report clinical-level patient safety outcomes.

Methods

We restricted our search to the PubMed, PubMed Central, and Web of Science databases to retrieve research articles published in English between January 2009 and August 2019. We focused on quantitative studies that reported positive, negative, or intermediate changes in patient safety outcomes using AI apps, specifically those based on machine-learning algorithms and natural language processing. Quantitative studies reporting only AI performance but not its influence on patient safety outcomes were excluded from further review.

Results

We identified 53 eligible studies, which were summarized concerning their patient safety subcategories, the most frequently used AI, and reported performance metrics. Recognized safety subcategories were clinical alarms (n=9; mainly based on decision tree models), clinical reports (n=21; based on support vector machine models), and drug safety (n=23; mainly based on decision tree models). Analysis of these 53 studies also identified two essential findings: (1) the lack of a standardized benchmark and (2) heterogeneity in AI reporting.

Conclusions

This systematic review indicates that AI-enabled decision support systems, when implemented correctly, can aid in enhancing patient safety by improving error detection, patient stratification, and drug management. Future work is still needed for robust validation of these systems in prospective and real-world clinical environments to understand how well AI can predict safety outcomes in health care settings.
Public Disclosure on Social Media of Identifiable Patient Information by Health Professionals: Content Analysis of Twitter Data
Authors: Ahmed Wasim , Jagsi Reshma , Gutheil Thomas G , Katz Matthew S
Published: July 2020

Background

Respecting patient privacy and confidentiality is critical for doctor-patient relationships and public trust in medical professionals. The frequency of potentially identifiable disclosures online during periods of active engagement is unknown.

Objective

The objective of this study was to quantify potentially identifiable content shared on social media by physicians and other health care providers using the hashtag #ShareAStoryInOneTweet.

Methods

We accessed and searched Twitter’s API using Symplur software for tweets that included the hashtag #ShareAStoryInOneTweet. We identified 1206 tweets by doctors, nurses, and other health professionals out of 43,374 tweets shared in May 2018. Tweet content was evaluated in January 2019 to determine the incidence of instances where names or potentially identifiable information about patients were shared; content analysis of tweets in which information about others had been disclosed was performed. The study also evaluated whether participants raised concerns about privacy breaches and estimated the frequency of deleted tweets. The study used dual, blinded coding for a 10% sample to estimate intercoder reliability using Cohen κ statistic for identifying the potential identifiability of tweet content.

Results

Health care professionals (n=656) disclosing information about others included 486 doctors (74.1%) and 98 nurses (14.9%). Health care professionals sharing stories about patient care disclosed the time frame in 95 tweets (95/754, 12.6%) and included patient names in 15 tweets (15/754, 2.0%). It is estimated that friends or families could likely identify the clinical scenario described in 242 of the 754 tweets (32.1%). Among 348 tweets about potentially living patients, it was estimated that 162 (46.6%) were likely identifiable by patients. Intercoder reliability in rating the potential identifiability demonstrated 86.8% agreement, with a Cohen κ of 0.8 suggesting substantial agreement. We also identified 78 out of 754 tweets (6.5%) that had been deleted on the website but were still viewable in the analytics software data set.

Conclusions

During periods of active sharing online, nurses, physicians, and other health professionals may sometimes share more information than patients or families might expect. More study is needed to determine whether similar events arise frequently and to understand how to best ensure that patients’ rights are adequately respected.
Predicting Early Warning Signs of Psychotic Relapse From Passive Sensing Data: An Approach Using Encoder-Decoder Neural Networks
Authors: Adler Daniel A , Ben-Zeev Dror , Tseng Vincent W-S , Kane John M , Brian Rachel , Campbell Andrew T , Hauser Marta , Scherer Emily A , Choudhury Tanzeem
Published: July 2020

Background

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) are chronic conditions, but the severity of symptomatic experiences and functional impairments vacillate over the course of illness. Developing unobtrusive remote monitoring systems to detect early warning signs of impending symptomatic relapses would allow clinicians to intervene before the patient’s condition worsens.

Objective

In this study, we aim to create the first models, exclusively using passive sensing data from a smartphone, to predict behavioral anomalies that could indicate early warning signs of a psychotic relapse.

Methods

Data used to train and test the models were collected during the CrossCheck study. Hourly features derived from smartphone passive sensing data were extracted from 60 patients with SSDs (42 nonrelapse and 18 relapse >1 time throughout the study) and used to train models and test performance. We trained 2 types of encoder-decoder neural network models and a clustering-based local outlier factor model to predict behavioral anomalies that occurred within the 30-day period before a participant's date of relapse (the near relapse period). Models were trained to recreate participant behavior on days of relative health (DRH, outside of the near relapse period), following which a threshold to the recreation error was applied to predict anomalies. The neural network model architecture and the percentage of relapse participant data used to train all models were varied.

Results

A total of 20,137 days of collected data were analyzed, with 726 days of data (0.037%) within any 30-day near relapse period. The best performing model used a fully connected neural network autoencoder architecture and achieved a median sensitivity of 0.25 (IQR 0.15-1.00) and specificity of 0.88 (IQR 0.14-0.96; a median 108% increase in behavioral anomalies near relapse). We conducted a post hoc analysis using the best performing model to identify behavioral features that had a medium-to-large effect (Cohen d>0.5) in distinguishing anomalies near relapse from DRH among 4 participants who relapsed multiple times throughout the study. Qualitative validation using clinical notes collected during the original CrossCheck study showed that the identified features from our analysis were presented to clinicians during relapse events.

Conclusions

Our proposed method predicted a higher rate of anomalies in patients with SSDs within the 30-day near relapse period and can be used to uncover individual-level behaviors that change before relapse. This approach will enable technologists and clinicians to build unobtrusive digital mental health tools that can predict incipient relapse in SSDs.
A preliminary model to describe the transmission dynamics of Covid-19 between two neighboring cities or countries (Preprint)
Authors: Isea Raul
Published: July 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

We present a mathematical model that would allow one to describe the transmission dynamics of Covid-19 between two neighboring cities or countries. This model is analyzed both analytical and numerically. It is a preliminary model because it assumes that the migration rate and the mortality rate are constant over time. Despite these simplifications, only two of the four equilibrium conditions were deduced from the system of equations proposed in this paper. Finally, we show an example the transmission dynamics between Portugal and Spain according to the cases registered before June 3, 2020.
Lexical Incorporation of Loanwords in the Sengwato Dialect of Setswana
Authors: Al Mahmoud Mahmoud S.
Published: July 2020

This paper reports on the incorporation of lexical items into one of the well-known dialects of Setswana, namely Sengwato. A native speaker of the Sengwato dialect provided much of the data for this study. The data show that borrowings from English and Afrikaans Dutch adhere to the phonological canons of Sengwato via the application of a number of sound change processes such as lenition, fortition, affrication, palatalization and obstruent devoicing to name a few. In addition, the data demonstrate how lexical borrowings undergo gender-based classification when incorporated into Sengwato and are categorized into fourteen gender classes identified from the Swadesh list provided by the informant. The paper discusses how the semantic content of loanwords plays a vital role in their incorporation into the Sengwato dialect.
Recentralisation and Urban Service Delivery in Kampala Capital City Authority—Uganda
Authors: Madinah (PhD) Nabukeera
Published: July 2020

Recentralisation in of Kampala City took effect in 2010 under the Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) Act with responsibility to manage the city on behalf of government of Uganda with the view to improve service delivery. The dynamics provided for both decentralization and Recentralisation policies during its implementation which led to shift of powers back to the centre. The study focused on quantitative data analysis and finding reviled 60.8 percent of female under school going age are not attending school, there is 98.9 percent have access to clean piped water, 62 percent of solid waste is from residential areas, 8.2 percent use commercial toilets and 72.6 percent are 5 kilometers away from the health facility hence a significant improvement in service delivery.
Critical Analysis of 40 Years of Education Reform in Educational Leadership Preparation in China
Authors: Li Yu , Yan Wenfan
Published: July 2020

The success of a principal often depends on the preparation quality. The United States attaches great importance to the cultivation of educational leadership, and has established various professional organizations to study and manage the cultivation of educational leadership, which has promoted the continuous improvement of the cultivation plan of American educational leadership. In the past 40 years of China’s reform and opening up, the preparation level of principals in primary and secondary schools has risen from undergraduate to postgraduate. However, at present, it still shows the importance of on-the-job training of principals in primary and secondary schools, while neglecting the research and reform of pre service education activities of educational leaders, which leads to the standardization and professionalism of preparation methods of educational leaders to be improved. Therefore, we can learn from the preparation experience of American, combine with the actual situation of China, attach great importance to the professional training of education leaders, carry out extensive relevant academic research, enhance the direction leading role of education value and social responsibility, systematically design the preparation program of education leaders, and truly build a diversified social support and promotion network, improve the preparation effect of educational leadership in an all-round way.
Ахроматизированные объективы тепловизоров
Authors: Шишкин И.П. , Шкадаревич А.П.
Published: July 2020

Дано описание конструкции ахроматизированных объективов, работающих в ИК‑области спектра (8–12 мкм). При проектировании тепловизионных объективов необходимо учитывать тот факт, что размер пиксела современных микроболометров составляет 10–12 мкм, а плотность пикселей достигла формата 1 280 × 1 024. Эти параметры определяют более высокие требования, предъявляемые к качеству изображения, разрешающей способности и полю зрения разрабатываемого объектива. При этом объектив должен быть светосильным, термостабилизированным и иметь фокусировку. Рассмотрены объективы: 4-линзовый с фокусом 50 мм, 3-линзовый с фокусом 150 мм и 7-линзовый с переменным фокусом 30–150 мм.
A description is given of the design of achromatized lenses operating in the infrared region of the spectrum (8–12 μm). When designing thermal imaging lenses, it is necessary to take into account the fact that the pixel size of modern microbolometers is 10–12 μm, and the pixel density has reached 1280 × 1024 format. These parameters determine higher requirements for image quality, resolution and field of view of the developed lens. In this case, the lens should be fast, thermally stabilized and have focus. The following lenses are considered: 4-lens with a focus of 50 mm, 3-lens with a focus of 150 mm and 7-lens with a variable focus of 30–150 mm.
Sistem Pakar Untuk Mengidentifikasi Hama Dan Penyakit Pada Tanaman Apel Menggunakan Metode Dempster Shafer
Authors: Permana Muhammad Rizky Iman , Azhar Yufiz , Endarto Otto
Published: July 2020

In this study, the identification of pest and disease attack on apple plant on with case study in Balitjestro. The problem faced is the difficulty of determining the information of pests or diseases that attack on apple plants that must meet an expert directly, it takes a long time and cost. The purpose of this study is to accelerate the information obtained from the identification of pests and diseases of the apple plant and its solution without having to meet an expert. Types of pests and diseases that is in pests are Green Lice, Mites, Trips, Leaf Cats, Leaf Sucking Insects, Black Leaf Caterpillars and Fruit Flies. In the disease there are Flour Powder, Leaf Spot, Upas Mushroom, Cancer and Rotten Fruit. From pest and disease data, all symptom data is 38 data. To get the information, made Expert System. Expert system in this study to determine the results of identification using Dempster Shafer calculation method. Demster Shafer is one of the mathematical theories used to perform a proof that is based on the function of trust and also logic makes sense. At the test stage yields an accuracy value of 100%. However there is one test of the expert only producing one and the results of the system show more than one. But one of the results given by the system is the same as the result given by an expert, then it is justified.
Evaluasi Kualitas Website Digital Library UMM Menggunakan Metode Webqual 4.0 Dan Importance Performance Analysis
Authors: Ashari Muhammad Reza , Pradana Dharma Surya , Wahyuni Evi Dwi
Published: July 2020

Digital Library adalah perpustakaan yang mengelola semua atau sebagian yang subtansi dari koleksi-koleksinya dalam bentuk komputerisasi sebagai bentuk alternatif, suplemen atau pelengkap terhadap cetakan konvensional dalam bentuk mikro material yang saat ini didominasi koleksi perpustakaan. Namun, dari sejak awal hingga saat ini belum pernah dilakukan evaluasi terhadap Digital Library yang dikaji dari sisi kualitasnya. Evaluasi dilakukan untuk menjawab permasalahan bagaimana pendapat pengguna tentang kualitas Digital Library yang telah diimplementasikan Universitas Muhammdiyah Malang. Berdasarkan Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa pada variabel usability dengan nilai 0,67, information quality 0,86, service interaction 0,71 dan untuk rata-rata dari keseluruhan variabel 0,74. Dari hasil analisis kesenjangan ditemukan bahwa seluruh variabel bernilai positif atau Qi GAP > 0 yang artinya kinerja sudah sesuai yang diharapkan oleh pengguna. kesimpulan yang didapatkan ada 15 atribut yang masuk kedalam kuadran 1 dan 3. Saran yang diberikan berupa rekomendasi mockup untuk meningkatkan kualitas pada kuadran 1 dan 3 IPA. Kesimpulan dari penelitian bahwa kualitas dari website Digital Library masih kurang karena masih banyak atribut yang perlu ditingkatkan kualitasnya.
Deteksi Topik Tentang Tokoh Publik Politik Menggunakan Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA)
Authors: Hikmah Faizun Nuril , Basuki Setio , Azhar Yufis
Published: July 2020

Twitter merupakan salah satu Social Networking yang memperbolehkan pengguna untuk mengirim dan membaca sebanyak 140 karakter. Berdasarkan survey sekitar 500 juta tweet tiap harinya yang dikirim melalui twitter. Data-data tersebut dapat berupa opini-opini publik mengenai politik, tokoh publik, makanan, dan lain sebagainya. Data tersebut akan diolah dengan teknik Topic Detection untuk menghasilkan suatu topik yang sedang marak dibicarakan masyarakat tentang tokoh publik politik. Permasalahan dalam penulisan ini yaitu, bagaimana mengekstraksi suatu tweet tentang tokoh publik politik dari pengguna Twitter. Data tweet yang diambil tentang tokoh publik politik diantaranya yaitu mengenai Joko Widodo, Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (Ahok), Anies Baswedan, Sandiaga Uno, dan Habib Rizieq Shihab. Dengan adanya data atau tweet tentang tokoh publik politik dapat diolah menggunakan metode Agglomerative untuk mengcluster tiap data yang akan digunakan sebagai topik acuan, LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) yang akan berfungsi sebagai pemodelan topik dari tweet-tweet yang telah tercluster, serta TF-IDF untuk mengetahui tweet mana saja yang mengandung kata-kata dalam LDA yang akan dijadikan sebagai topik acuan. Sehingga akan menghasilkan deteksi topik yang relevan berdasarkan tweet mengenai tokoh publik politik.
Ekstraksi Fi'il dan Isim Pada Kaidah Nahwu Shorof Berbasis Android
Authors: Himawan Nizarullah , Wicaksono Galih Wasis , Nuryasin Ilyas
Published: July 2020

Ilmu nahwu shorof merupakan kunci yang paling utama dalam mempelajari bacaan atau memahami segala aspek yang berhubungan dengan bahasa arab.Bacaan bahasa arab akan lebih mudah dipelajari jika dilakukan pemisahan kata, salah satunya dengan ekstraksi fi'il dan isim .Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan kata dasar dari bahasa arab sesuai kaidah nahwu yang diaplikasikan pada fi'il dan isim.selain itu, menormalisasikan kata dasar imbuhan depan dan belakang.Metode yang digunakan adalah metode alghoritma light stemming dengan menghilangkan imbuhan depan dan imbuhan belakang pada sebuah kata sesuai kaidah yang ditentukan.Pengujian dilakukan dengan memasukkan beberapa kalimat bahasa arab untuk mengetahui tingkat ketepatan kaidah nahwu yang sesuai dengan refrensi pakar.Pada penelitian ini tingkat keberhasilan dari 108 kata yang telah diuji tingkat ketepatan bahasa arab sesuai kaidah nahwu sebanyak 102 kata. Sehingga,ketingkat akurasi data sebesar 94% dari data yang telah diuji.