bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of autogenous GTAW on the reciprocating sliding wear behavior of a carbon martensitic steel
Authors: Paula Thalita Cristina de , Mazzaferro Cintia Cristiane  Petry , Giarollo Daniela Fátima , Hidalgo Gelsa Edith Navarro , Basso Breno
Published: March 2021

Martensitic steels have been successfully employed in resource-based industries where components must endure aggressive conditions. In industrial practice, many parts of these components are joined by welding techniques. The aim of this work was to understand the influence of welding on the wear resistance of quenched and tempered carbon martensitic steel subjected to dry linear reciprocating sliding micro-wear tests. Weld-joints were produced using autogenous Gas Tungsten Arc Welding process (GTAW). Micro-wear tests were performed at base metal (BM), weld metal (WM), coarse grained heat affected zone (CG-HAZ) and lowest hardness region of heat affected zone (LHR-HAZ). LHR-HAZ was softened during welding process so plastic deformation was facilitated, and consequently adhesion, material displacement and micro-ploughing. WM and CG-HAZ presented a similar martensitic structure, which explain the similarities found on wear behavior. These regions presented the lowest worn volume average values (w). It was interesting to note that despite its highest microhardness value, the highest w was observed for BM. For some BM samples, debris had a key role promoting material loss by micro-cutting which causes great extent of material removal compared to other micro-wear mechanisms as micro-ploughing and adhesion. Due to debris action BM also presented a great dispersion in w results. The results suggest that material loss of welded joint and BM was strongly controlled by micro-wear mechanisms.
Use of carbonized corn cob biomass to reduce acidity of residual frying oil
Authors: Bavaresco Aline , Fonseca Jhessica Marchini , Scheufele Fabiano Bisinella , Silva Camila da , Teleken Joel Gustavo
Published: March 2021

The objective of this work was to evaluate the ability of CCC as an adsorbent material for the acidity removal of RFO, aiming at the application of the oil in biodiesel production. For that, a RCCD was used for FFA removal by applying the CCC and CAC for comparative purposes. In the RCCD removal assays the effect of the Temperature, Agitation and Mass factors were assessed over acidity removal of the oil. Under the best conditions from RCCD, an evaluation of adsorption kinetics was performed, wherein it was observed the equilibrium was reached within 4 h, for the CCC. Also, the influence of the adsorbent dosage was performed. It was verified that 4 g was sufficient to allow the system to reach the maximum FFA removal. Overall, the CCC presented results approximately twice as high than those obtained by the CAC, mainly due to the pore size distribution which led to a “molecular sieving effect” for the CCC adsorbent. It allowed the major diffusion of the FFA molecules inside its narrow-distributed pores, whereas the CAC with a wider pore distribution (up to 260 Å) resulted in the larger molecules competition for the active sites inside the porous structure. The adsorbents’ characterization also evidenced that CCC adsorbent presented a higher content of oxygenated groups in its surface which acted as potential active sites for the FFA molecules resulting in an enhanced adsorbent-adsorbate affinity. Lastly, the wastes generated in the adsorption experiments, were evaluated as to their calorific power resulting in a value of 31,933 J g-1, suggesting that it could be further used for energetic purposes, such as a solid fuel for boilers and furnaces to generate thermal energy. Based on these results, the CCC stands out as a promising material for RFO acidity removal.
Production of antimicrobial biobased packaging and application in sliced cooked ham
Authors: Rodrigues Regiane Maria da Silva , Souza Silvio José de , Balan Geane Cristiane , Droval Adriana Aparecida , Yamashita Fabio , Gonçalves Odinei Hess , Leimann Fernanda Vitória , Shirai Marianne Ayumi
Published: March 2021

In this work, active sheets composed by thermoplastic starch and poly (lactic acid) (PLA) coated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were obtained. The mechanical properties and water vapor permeability of the sheets were not affected by the presence of the silver nanoparticles. As a proof of concept, the sheets were applied to pack sliced cooked ham for 7 days at 10°C. Migration of metallic silver from the sheets to the sliced ham was detected in a considered safe concentration, according to literature data, by ICP-MS. The sheets coated with AgNPs were able to significantly hinder psychrotrophic and mesophilic bacteria growth during 7 days of storage when compared to the control sample (sheets without AgNPs). Furthermore, lipid oxidation occurred in a higher proportion in the ham packaged with AgNPs, probably due to the catalyst effect of silver. It may be concluded that the sheets composed by starch and PLA acted as an effective support for the AgNPs, as well as an active packaging for sliced cooked ham.
Distribuição de riqueza aos empregados e desempenho financeiro: uma análise de trilha no setor bancário brasileiro
Authors: Brandão Isac de Freitas , Oliveira Marcelle Colares
Published: March 2021

O trabalho estuda a relação entre gastos com pessoal e desempenho financeiro no setor bancário brasileiro, investigando o efeito direto da distribuição da riqueza per capita aos empregados sobre indicadores de rentabilidade e o efeito indireto mediado por rotatividade de pessoal e produtividade dos empregados. A relação entre gastos com pessoal e desempenho financeiro foi medida por meio da técnica estatística análise de trilha, numa amostra de 22 bancos, de 2010 a 2018. Os resultados indicam que gastos com pessoal elevam a produtividade dos empregados. Entretanto, ganhos de produtividade sobre o desempenho financeiro não superaram o gasto adicional com pessoal, tornando este gasto adicional financeiramente ineficaz. O trabalho evidencia a importância de se analisar os benefícios financeiros indiretos da distribuição de riqueza aos empregados e apresenta um modelo teórico que pode ser utilizado para análise do retorno financeiro dos gastos com pessoal em outros contextos organizacionais.
Polaridade e diferentes efeitos dos conflitos de papel e ambiguidade de função na satisfação no trabalho de controllers no setor público e privado brasileiro
Authors: Nez Evandro de , Stolle Cristiane , Da Silva Marcia Zanievicz
Published: March 2021

Existem diversos tipos de conflitos no ambiente profissional, relacionados com o desempenho de papel e de função, que acabam por influenciar a satisfação no trabalho. Na atuação do controller, dada as características da função, frequentemente ocorre dicotomia funcional, razão pela qual tais profissionais devem possuir habilidades para equilibrar papéis duplos. Nesse contexto, o estudo objetiva identificar polaridades e diferenças dos efeitos dos conflitos de papéis e a ambiguidade de funções na satisfação no trabalho dos controllers do setor público e de empresas privadas brasileiras. O estudo, cujos dados foram coletados por meio de survey, possui uma amostra de 115 respondentes. Para análise dos dados foi aplicada a regressão Modelagem de Equações Estruturais baseada em mínimos quadrados parciais (SEM-PLS). Os resultados confirmaram a existência de relação negativa de conflito de papel e ambiguidade de função com a satisfação no trabalho o que prejudica o desempenho de controller que atuam tanto no setor público quanto privado. Nas empresas privadas a influência do conflito de papel na satisfação no trabalho é maior que nas instituições públicas. O mesmo não foi verificado quanto a ambiguidade de função, já que em instituições públicas a percepção do controller é maior que em instituições privadas na satisfação no trabalho. Estes resultados destacam a importância das organizações na definição das funções de cada indivíduo, bem como os resultados de suas ações. Também que as organizações públicas devem centrar atenção ao alinhamento das questões políticas com os valores reais da função e de seus indivíduos. Tais condições podem melhoram a satisfação no trabalho dos indivíduos e por consequência das próprias organizações.
Beyond Unconventional: What Do We Really Know about Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells?
Authors: de Lucía Finkel Pablo , Xia Wenjing , Jefferies Wilfred A.
Published: March 2021

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are a set of effectors that mediate the expulsion of helminthic parasites but also drive allergic lung inflammation. As innate agents, they do not recognize Ag, instead, they are sensitive to alarmin engagement, upon which they produce type 2 cytokines that amplify adaptive immunity. Their lymphoid identity appoints them as an intriguing group of unconventional cells; however, increasing evidence is unraveling a series of unprecedented functions that <5 years ago were unthinkable for ILC2s, such as acquiring a proinflammatory identity that enables them to support TH1 immune responses. Their plastic nature has allowed the characterization of ILC2s in more detail than ever; however, the novelty of ILC2 biology requires constant updates and recapitulations. This review provides an overview of ILC2s and describes memory ILC2, regulatory ILC2, inflammatory ILC2, and type 1 ILC2 subsets based on activation status, tissue environments, and function.
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine and bladder cancer incidence: Scoping literature review and preliminary analysis
Authors: Trigo Sabrina , Gonzalez Kaitlin , Di Matteo Livio , Ismail Asmaa , Elmansy Hazem , Shahrour Walid , Prowse Owen , Kotb Ahmed
Published: March 2021

Background: The Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine has long been used for the prevention of tuberculosis (TB) around the world. BCG is also used as an immunotherapy agent for the treatment of non-muscle invasive urinary bladder cancer. This scoping literature review and preliminary data analysis aims to summarize the literature correlating infantile BCG vaccination with the incidence of future bladder cancer. Methods: Studies were identified by a formal literature search of MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Registrar of Controlled Trials following PRISMA guidelines. Preliminary data analysis was conducted on publicly accessible data summarizing the impact of gender, BCG vaccination, and socio-economic effects on crude and age-standardized rates of bladder cancer. Results: As part of our analysis, preliminary regression models demonstrated BCG vaccination status, gender, and socio-economic status to have statistically significant effects on crude and age-standardized rates of bladder cancer incidence. BCG vaccination was associated with a 35-37% lower age-standardized rate of bladder cancer incidence. Conclusions: There is very little literature examining the relationship between prior BCG vaccination and rates of bladder cancer incidence. Our limited data analysis indicates that a relationship does exist between infantile BCG vaccination and later bladder cancer development, although extensive future investigation is needed in this area.
Age above 70 years and Charlson Comorbidity Index higher than 3 are associated with reduced survival probabilities after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. Data from a contemporary series of 334 consecutive patients
Authors: Maffezzini Massimo , Fontana Vincenzo , Pacchetti Andrea , Dotta Federico , Cerasuolo Mattia , Chiappori Davide , Guano Giovanni , Mantica Guglielmo , Terrone Carlo
Published: March 2021

Objective: To assess the joint effect of age and comorbidities on clinical outcomes of radical cystectomy (RC).Methods: 334 consecutive patients undergoing open RC for bladder cancer (BC) during the years 2005-2015 were analyzed. Pre-, peri- and post-operative parameters, including age at RC (ARC) and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), were evaluated. Overall and cancer-specific survivals (OS, CSS) were assessed by univariate and multivariate modelling. Furthermore, a three-knot restricted cubic spline (RCS) was fitted to survival data to detect dependency between death-rate ratio (HR) and ARC. Results: Median follow-up time was 3.8 years (IQR = 1.3-7.5) while median OS was 5.9 years (95%CL = 3.8-9.1). Globally, 180 patients died in our cohort (53.8%), 112 of which (62.2%) from BC and 68 patients (37.8%) for unrelated causes. After adjusting for preoperative, pathological and perioperative parameters, patients with CCI > 3 showed significantly higher death rates (HR = 1.61; p = 0.022). The highest death rate was recorded in ARC = 71-76 years (HR = 2.25; p = 0.034). After fitting an RCS to both OS and CSS rates, two overlapping nonlinear trends, with common highest risk values included in ARC = 70-75 years, were observed. Conclusions: Age over 70 years and CCI > 3 were significant factors limiting the survival of RC and should both be considered when comparing current RC outcomes.
Is there a PSA cut-off value indicating incidental prostate cancer in patients undergoing surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia?
Authors: Tonyali Senol , Ceylan Cavit , Aglamis Erdogan , Dogan Serkan , Tastemur Sedat , Karaaslan Mustafa
Published: March 2021

Aim: To investigate incidental prostate cancer (IPCa) rate and to determine prostate specific antigen (PSA) cut-off value indicating PCa in patients who underwent surgery by being diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) clinically or by standard prostate biopsy. Methods: Data of 317 patients, who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or open prostatectomy (OP) with pre-diagnosis of BPH, were evaluated retrospectively. The examined parameters included patients’ demographics, preoperative serum PSA values, digital rectal examination (DRE) findings, surgical method, histopathological findings and Gleason Scores.Results: A total of 317 patients were included the study. The median age of patients was 69 years (min: 51-max: 79) and the median PSA value was 3.24 ng/dl (min: 0.17-max: 34.9). In 21 patients (6.6%); DRE findings were in favor of malignancy, but prostate biopsy resulted as BPH. While 281 (88.6%) of the patients underwent TURP, 36 (11.4%) underwent open prostatectomy. PCa was detected in 21 (6.6%) patients. PSA was statistically higher in patients who underwent OP compared to patient who underwent TUR-P, 5.9 (min: 1.2 - max: 27.6, IR: 8.7) vs. 2.8 (min: 0.1-max: 34.9, IR: 4.2) ng/dl, p < .001. The rate of IPCa among four PSA group was similar (p = 0.46). There was no difference between the rate of IPCa in patients younger and older than 70 years, (p = 0.11). Please change whole sentence as 'The median PSA level was slightly higher in patients diagnosed with BPH compared to patients diagnosed with IPCa, 3.2 (min: 0.1-max: 34.9) vs. 2.7 (min: 0.3-max: 26.5) ng/dL, p = 0.9. Conclusions: IPCa still remains an important clinical problem. We were not able to find any correlation of PSA and age with incidental PCa.
Maternal hydronephrosis in pregnant women without ureteral stones and characteristics of symptomatic cases who need treatment: A single-center prospective study with 1026 pregnant women
Authors: Bayraktar Zeki , Kahraman Şerife Tuğba , Alaç Elif Seçkin , Yengel İrem , Sarıkaya Kalkan Deniz
Published: March 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the proportion of maternal hydronephrosis and symptomatic cases requiring treatment in pregnant women without ureteral stones and the characteristics of these cases. Materials and methods: Between February 2018 and April 2019, all pregnant women followed for pregnancy in obstetrics and outpatient policlinic were evaluated prospectively. Maternal hydronephrosis rate, degree of hydronephrosis and side, symptomatic hydronephrosis rate, maximum renal anteroposterior diameter of renal pelvis and visual analogue scale were detected. Symptomatic patients were treated conservatively or surgically. Findings in both treatment groups were analyzed by t-test or Chi-squared test. Pearson or Spermean’s tests were used for correlation analyzes. Results: A total of 1026 pregnant women aged 18-45 (27.7 ± 5.2 years) were followed prospectively. The rate of maternal hydronephrosis was 28.7% and the rate of symptomatic hydronephrosis was 4.7%. Of the patients with symptomatic hydronephrosis, 73.4% (3.5% of total) were treated conservatively and 26.5% (1.3% of total) were treated surgically. There was a positive correlation between hydronephrosis and gestational week (p < 0.001), visual analogue scale (p < 0.001) and hematuria (p < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between hydronephrosis and maternal age (p < 0.05) and number of pregnancies (p < 0,001). The anteroposterior diameter of renal pelvis (p < 0.001), visual analogue scale (p < 0.05) and fetal body weight values (p < 0.05) on the right side were higher in the surgical treatment group than the conservative group. Conclusions: The majority of cases with maternal hydronephrosis in pregnant women without ureteral stones are asymptomatic. Most symptomatic cases can also be treated conservatively. In cases requiring surgical treatment (1.3%), fetal body weight, visual analogue scale and anteroposterior renal pelvis diameter are higher.
Effects of COVID-19 on male sex function and its potential sexual transmission
Authors: Rodriguez Bustos Héctor , Bravo Maturana Gonzalo , Cortés-Chau Felipe , Defaur Torres Joelle , Cortés-Pino Felipe , Aguirre Pablo , Arriaza Onel Camilo
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified by the Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on January 8, 2020 and was declared as a global pandemic on March 11, 2020 by WHO. SARS-CoV-2 uses the Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor as an entry route, associated with the transmembrane serine protease protein (TMPRSS2), which makes the testis and particularly spermatogenesis potentially vulnerable, since this tissue has high expression of ACE2. Material and methods: We performed a systematic literature review by electronic bibliographic databases in Pubmed, Scopus and ScienceDirect up to August 2020 about the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on male sexual function and its transmission, to assess possible repercussions on sex organs and the existence of a sexual transmission path. Results: Although SARS-CoV-2 presence has not been found in testicle samples, it has been demonstrated that it causes histological changes compatible with orchitis, and sex hormone disturbances. TMPRSS2 is up-regulated in prostate cancer where it supports tumor progression, thus these patients may have a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. TMPRSS2 inhibitors may be useful for the treatment or prevention of COVID-19. No viral material has been found in blood or semen, however it has been proven to be present in stool and saliva. Conclusion: The male reproductive system would be highly vulnerable and susceptible to infection by SARS-CoV-2 given the expression of the ACE2 receptor in somatic and germ cells. The seminal fluid would remain free of viral presence in patients with COVID-19. Regardless, non-genital sex could be an important source of viral transmission. In assisted reproduction techniques all necessary tests must be carried out to ensure the donor is free of the virus at the time of collection and handling of the seminal sample.
The woman and the penile prosthetic implant. Primary or secondary role? Personal experiences on 355 implanted patients
Authors: Pozza Diego , Berardi Alberto , Pozza Mariangela , Mosca Augusto , Pozza Carlotta
Published: March 2021

In a group of 355 pts  submitted to Penile Prosthesis Implant (PPI) we recorded data on their relationships with the woman (wife, partner, girlfriend, lover); the aspects of their sexual life; if they were married, divorced or widowed; if they had a lover; if they frequented brothels; if they were satisfied of their actual couple’s life; after operation we recorded data concerning if they had some difficulties utilizing the PPI and their level of satisfaction. After operation most pts (93%) confirmed their satisfaction. Relational aspects:  Unmarried pts: 6 pts (21-30 years old) who weren’t able to penetrate their girlfriends managed to have regular sex with PPI and could marry. 42/46 unmarried pts after PPI decided to marry.  In the group of married pts 3 pts weren’t able to penetrate  their wives; after PPI  they  managed to have regular intercourses and pregnancies. 15 widowers and 23 divorced  pts decided to have a PPI for possible sexual encounters or stable relationships. 96/271 (28,2%) married pts declared a stable extramarital relation that could represent the main reason for having a PPI.  The results of PPI are commonly accepted. Until now PPI may re-establish  penile rigidity and maintenance. In our opinion the simple act of penetrate and ejaculate in vagina, without considering the importance of personal, relational, emotional factors  often well linked to the specific woman, cannot be considered the ideal target of PPI.
Contrast-enhanced encephalopathy and massive cerebral edema after endovascular coiling of cerebral aneurysm. A case report
Authors: Jia-hao Zhou , Richard Seidu A. , Yin-sheng Deng , Ming Jiang , Yan Zhuang
Published: March 2021

Contrast-induced encephalopathy (CIEP) is a rare complication after endovascular therapy. The etiology of CIEP is still a matter of debate. We present a rare occurrence of CIEP in a known hypertensive and type 2 diabetic patient after endovascular coiling of cerebral aneurysm with oculomotor nerve palsy. A 68-year old female presented with seven days history of headache and left ptosis or blepharoptosis with mild mydriasis. The headaches were localized mainly at the left side of the nose, orbit, and upper forehead while the left ptosis was associated with blurred vision. Computed tomography angiography revealed an aneurysm in between the C4 segment of the left internal carotid artery (ICA) and the bifurcation of the left posterior communicating artery. Digital subtraction angiography further confirmed the aneurysm. We used the transarterial approach to assess the aneurysm and subsequent coiling. Iohexol (Omnipaque) contrast agent was used during the endovascular procedure. The patient’s condition deteriorated into acute confusion state with cardinal symptomology of CIEP immediately after the operation. Computed tomography scan revealed cortical contrast enhancement in the vascular territory of the ICA as well as edema. Her symptomatology resolved 48 hours after treated with anticonvulsants, intracranial pressure reduction and hydration. Chronic hypertension as well as type 2 diabetics may be critical predisposing factors to CIEP. CIEP should be suspected in patients presenting with acute confusion state after endovascular therapy. Massive edema with ischemic brain changes in white matter of the brain before endovascular procedure should rise suspicion of CIEP.
The management and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 infection in a series of neurosurgical patients
Authors: Farahbakhsh Farzin , Rostami Mohsen , Khoshnevisan Alireza , Naderian Negin , Ghorbani Mohammad , Fehlings Michael , Rahimi-Movaghar Vafa
Published: March 2021

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted neurosurgical practice worldwide. In Iran, hospitals have halted their routine activities, and most hospital beds have been assigned to COVID-19 patients. Here, we share our experience with 10 neurosurgical cases with confirmed COVID-19. Materials and Methods: From February 24, 2020 to April 20, 2020, we were able to obtain clinical data on ten neurosurgical patients with COVID-19 through a predefined electronic form. Results: Of the 10 patients with COVID-19 on neurosurgical units, eight underwent surgical interventions. The age of the patients ranged from 21 to 75 years and 70% were males. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was based on chest imaging findings and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for coronavirus and an infectious disease specialist and a pulmonologist confirmed the diagnoses. In two cases, there was a significant decrease in O2 saturation intraoperatively. Three patients in this series died during the assessment period. One death was due to respiratory failure induced by the coronavirus infection. The cause of death in other two patients was cardiovascular failure not related to COVID-19. Conclusions: We hope we can provide a reference for future studies and help develop a clearer understanding of neurosurgical practice and outcomes in patients with COVID-19. In the time of COVID-19 pandemic when dealing with neurosurgical emergencies, a conservative approach is recommended. Using committed personal protective equipment, short-time operating procedures or minimally invasive surgery must be considered in the management of emergent patients. Resuming elective surgeries need defining measures needed to ensure patients and health-care providers' safety. Reorganizing the health-care system for telemonitoring released patients can lessen hospital visits.
Customized cost-effective polymethyl-methacrylate cranioplasty implant using three-dimensional printer
Authors: Dabadi Sambardhan , Dhungel Raju , Sharma Upama , Shrestha Dinuj , Gurung Pritam , Shrestha Resha , Pant Basant
Published: March 2021

There is no doubt that many synthetic materials used in cranioplasty have given good result regarding patient's calvarial shape. However, the use of these materials is costly to the patient and requires complex intraoperative process. There has been a long history regarding the use of acrylic bone cement called as polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) as an implant due to its desirable properties. Here, we present three cases of simple, cost effective manually sculpted calvarial defect using three-dimensional (3D) printer. Sharing the achievement and challenges, we want to focus that the 3D customized implant of PMMA can be used as bone substitute.
Safety and effectiveness of a modified ASAP technique during mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke: Initial clinical experience
Authors: Ohshima Tomotaka , Kawaaguchi Reo , Matsuo Naoki , Miyachi Shigeru
Published: March 2021

Objectives: For patients with acute ischemic stroke, various endovascular approaches have been reported with high recanalization rates and good clinical outcomes. However, the best technique for the first attempt at mechanical thrombectomy remains a matter of debate. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of a modified version of a stent-retrieving into an aspiration catheter with a proximal balloon (ASAP) technique. Materials and Methods: Modification 1: After stent deployment, the microcatheter was not removed immediately. Modification 2: After the withdrawal of the stent retriever into an aspirator and its removal from the entire system, we focused on the drainage of fluid into a pump. The aspirator was withdrawn slowly until the fluid appeared to be draining continuously into the pump. Before the removal of the aspirator, we performed angiography through the aspirator. We carried out a retrospective analysis of 30 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke caused by occlusion of the anterior circulation who were treated with the modified ASAP technique at our institution. Results: A thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score of 2B or 3 was achieved in 29/30 patients (96.7%). The average number of passes was 1.2 ± 0.5. The mean time from puncture to recanalization was 17.6 ± 6.84 min. Twenty-three (76.7%) patients achieved a modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2 at 3 months after the procedure. Conclusions: We found that the modified ASAP technique yielded fast recanalization, minimal complications, and good clinical outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy in this case series.
Maxillary Anterior Implant Placement with Autogenous Guided Bone Regeneration
Authors: Chaudhary Pratibha , Mehra Pravesh
Published: March 2021

Anterior implant placement is quite a challenge that clinicians face due to ridge deformity as it is an esthetic zone. This case report presents an innovative approach of using autogenous bone graft (ABG) to correct an atrophic ridge in conjunction with implant placement. A 23-year-old male patient lost a maxillary central incisor tooth due to trauma followed by abscess formation. Due to severe and active infection, ridge augmentation was not feasible at the time of tooth extraction, resulting in prominent loss of buccal plate. The guided bone regeneration was performed at the extracted site procuring graft from the parasymphysis region, followed by the implant placement. After 1 year of function, both clinical and radiographic examinations revealed promising and stable treatment outcomes. ABG from the parasymphysis region is a good option for ridge augmentation procedures. The only disadvantage is the second operating site.
Adsorption of acetaldehyde from air by activated carbon and carbon fibers
Authors: Park Soohyung , Yaqub Muhammad , Lee Seunghan , Lee Wontae
Published: March 2021

The adsorption of acetaldehyde from air using various activated carbon and carbon fibers was investigated in this study. These adsorbents included activated carbon (AC), carbon fibers (CFs), activated carbon fibers (ACFs), and metal-coated carbon fibers (MCCFs) supplied by different manufacturers. AC was categorized as AC1, AC2, AC3, and AC4, CFs were denoted as ACF1, while ACFs and MCCFs were expressed as ACF2 and ACF3, respectively. Five composite materials were prepared using the AC and ACFs in different ratios, and experiments were conducted to assess their acetaldehyde adsorption efficiency under dry and wet conditions. The results showed that the acetaldehyde adsorption efficiency of an impregnated AC4 was higher (95.9%) than that of both non-impregnated AC1 and AC3 and an impregnated AC2 after 1 min of operation. ACF2 showed a higher acetaldehyde adsorption efficiency (50.9%) as compared to ACF1 and ACF3 because of its larger surface area and selective absorption capability after 1 min of operation. A composite material comprising 6.3 g of AC4 and 1 g of ACF2 showed the highest adsorption efficiency of 97.9% under dry conditions. However, this adsorption efficiency significantly decreased under wet conditions.
В поисках тотального порядка: затвердевание границ и стабильная идентичность
Authors: Troitskiy Sergey A.
Published: March 2021

«Застывшие» границы как результат установившегося после Второй мировой войны миропорядка казались незыблемыми в Европе и Северной Америке, несмотря на активное перекраивание пространства в остальных регионах. Однако распад дуальной системы порядков в 1980-е гг. и последовавшее за этим активное движение пограничных линий привело к стремлению создать основание для их фиксации. Политическая воля к «уплотнению» границ совпала с электоральными ожиданиями стабильности и порядка, в связи с чем государственные образования, не способные противопоставить достаточно устойчивый экономический, культурный, политический заслон для давления на границы извне, для сохранения внутреннего социального статус-кво вынуждены создавать условия для консервации социального порядка, фактически жертвуя развитием. В статье предпринимается попытка объяснить «уплотнение» («затвердевание») границ через концепт порядка, реализующийся на ментальном уровне в консервативном эссециалистском мировоззрении, обозначенном в тексте как стабильная идентичность. Результатом исследования стало объяснение взаимосвязи между фиксацией границ в пространстве, замиранием процессов экономического и политического развития и принятием в качестве идеала консервативной модели идентичности как наиболее комфортной. Это позволяет описать многие процессы, происходящие в общественном сознании, и по наличию одного из намеченных элементов предсказать дальнейшее развитие двух других.
Uma discussão a partir da filosofia da diferença: currículo e o ensino de ciências da natureza - primado dos desejos e das subjetividades
Authors: Ernst Daniela Carolina , Keske Cátia , Nonenmacher Sandra Elisabet Bazana , Rigodanzo Sirlei , Nicolay Deniz Alcione
Published: March 2021

Este texto escrito de maneira ensaistica, enseja problematizar o currículo e o ensino de Ciências da Natureza, a partir do primado dos desejos e das subjetividades, na perspectiva da Filosofia da Diferença. Questionamo-nos, dessa forma, sobre: O que entendemos  por currículos escolares? De que maneira e quais atividades curriculares podem contribuir nos processos de aprender e de ensinar visando a atender as carências, faltas ou desejos dos alunos?Pode o currículo e o ensino de Ciências da Natureza dar conta das diferenças? Como ferramenta de operacionalização desta escrita, faremos uso da cartografia enquanto possibilidade de se observar os movimentos que perpassam esses corpos e espacos e tempos curriculo-escolares.
Opening the Ears that Science Closed: Transforming Qualitative Data Using Oral Coding
Authors: Bernauer James
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this article is to describe an alternative method for transcribing and transforming (analyzing and interpreting) oral data collected from interviews. Rather than record and then immediately transcribe data, the “oral coding” approach relies on a Three-Phase Approach. Phase One involves extended and reflective listening to the original interview data. This extended time with data in its original oral form enables researchers to construct both propositional and tacit knowledge in relation to the phenomenon being investigated. Intensive encounters with the original data are continued during the Second Phase of analysis and interpretation by re-recording on another device those segments that are thought to be potentially thematic as well the researcher’s own reflective and interpretive comments in relation to these segments. Finally, in Phase Three, using a combination of keyboarding and optionally voice recognition software, both in vivo quotes and researcher reflections are transcribed to text and organized by research question. This entire Three Phase process is intended to transform raw data into understandable accounts by allowing researchers to “hang on” to the original oral data for an extended time thus delaying reduction to text and thereby enabling researchers to capture participant nuances conveyed through tone, inflection, volume, pause, and emphases. Consequently, this method may have the potential to promote a higher degree of credibility and trustworthiness. Experience to date provides limited support for this process based on a previously published article (Bernauer, Semich, Klentzin, & Holdan, 2013) that used both traditional and oral coding and another article (Bernauer, 2015) that used only oral coding. It is hoped that colleagues try out this method and “transform” it based on their own creative insights.
A Pattern-Generating Tool for Use in Semi-Structured Interviews
Authors: Paine Greg
Published: March 2021

This paper, the first in a pair, describes the development and use of a research tool designed to not only derive the “usual” research patterns from analysis and synthesis of data, but also to extend that research outcome into useful lessons and instructions for others to act on in the non-research world. Research is essentially about finding and explaining patterns to help us understand phenomena and to measure similarities and differences. Pattern also has other useful attributes – as tools, templates, and instructive advices – that tend not to be given as much attention in research. The tool discussed in this paper seeks an easy-to-use “close fit” between these two uses of pattern. It enabled maximum engagement by the research participants, in-depth exploration of the area between the abstract (theory) and the concrete (practice) of the issue at hand, and development of useful instructive advices for others to use. It comprises an original design that can be adapted for use in other research with similar aims. A second paper, in a subsequent edition of The Qualitative Report, describes the development of the subsequent “pattern language” of instructive advices.
Theorizing EFL Teachers’ Perspectives and Rationales on Providing Corrective Feedback
Authors: Ostovar-Namaghi Seyyed , Shakiba Kamal
Published: March 2021

Researchers condemn teachers by saying that tradition, rather than research findings, derive their practice while teachers condemn researchers by saying that their research findings are universal generalizations that fail in practice. To turn mutual distrust to mutual trust, this data-driven study aims at theorizing practice, rather than enlighten practice through theory-driven research. The theoretical sampling of twenty EFL teachers’ perspectives concerning corrective feedback, together with the rigorous coding schemes of grounded theory yielded some context-sensitive corrective feedback techniques: direct feedback; indirect feedback such as recast, providing an alternative, asking other students, pausing before the error, providing the rule, using the correct structure and showing surprise; feedback through other language skills including writing and listening; and no correction on cognitive, affective and information processing grounds. Moreover analysis uncovered a set of specifications on when, where, and why to use these techniques. Not only do the findings help practitioners get in-sights and improve their providing feedback, but also they help researchers modify their hypotheses before testing them through the quantitative research that aims at generalization.
Measuring Pedagogical Content Knowledge Using Multiple Points of Data
Authors: Morrison Ann , Luttenegger Kathleen
Published: March 2021

Pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) is the intersection of a teacher’s knowledge of content, pedagogy, and of the context of the learning situation, including her students. Many different methods have been used by researchers to study PCK. We propose that PCK cannot be measured through one approach. Rather, it is more accurately measured by triangulating data gathered through observation of instructional events, teacher interviews, and assessments of content knowledge. This is illustrated through a case study of Maria, a paraeducator leading small group reading intervention lessons in a kindergarten classroom over a period of 10 weeks.
Identity Construction in the Margins: A Case Study Involving Non-Conforming Youth
Authors: Harnischfeger Alice
Published: March 2021

This qualitative instrumental case study explores how student members of an alternative educational program in a successful public middle school constructed identity, and how they interpreted their schooling experiences in relation to hegemonic educational practices. It draws on sociocultural and postmodern theories to focus on these youths’ identities and on their perspectives of self and school practices. Its multiple methods collected data through alternative and mainstream classroom observations, focus group sessions, semi-structured individual interviews with students, parents, and school professionals, and an analysis of school documents. The youth participants of this study held multiply-constructed identities, and actively resisted and affirmed others’ constructions of their “differences.” Additionally, they readily deconstructed educational practices and offered a number of suggestions for reforms. This study adds to the literature on identity construction and advocates for the inclusion of non-conforming youths’ own sociocultural and change oriented perspectives, along with increased reform efforts targeted towards this lesser-recognized population.
Demystifying the Mystery of Second Career Teachers’ Motivation to Teach
Authors: Hunter-Johnson Yvonne
Published: March 2021

Within the field of education, there has been much discussion regarding what prompts the career change of second career teachers. This study examines motivational factors that influence second career teachers’ decision to teach and how their previous careers influence their teaching experience. The theoretical framework that acts as foundational platform is the Expectancy Theory. The study utilized a qualitative approach. Data was collected using focus groups and analyzed utilizing open coding consistent with Corbin and Strauss (2010). The results of the study revealed that most participants were intrinsically motivated to transition to the teaching profession.
“Being in Balance”: Self-Management Experiences Among Young Women with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Visekruna Sanja , Edge Dana , Keeping-Burke Lisa
Published: March 2021

Women possess characteristics and experiences unique and different from men. Biological processes such as puberty, menstruation, motherhood and menopause may present challenges to self-management for individuals living with type 1 (T1) diabetes mellitus. In this study, descriptive phenomenology was used to uncover the self-management experiences of nine women aged 22- 30 years living with T1 diabetes. Data collection and analysis occurred simultaneously and followed the methodical structure of van Manen (1997). Study findings revealed five themes: 1) elusiveness of control; 2) dualism of technology; 3) forecasting and maintaining routines; 4) dealing with the “ups and downs”; and, 5) interfacing with the health care team. The essence of the experience for participants revolved around trying to achieve a state of “being in balance.” For these young women, self-management encompassed a desire and need to be in balance with their life and blood sugar levels.
Two Ethnographic Researchers Embark on a Narrative Journey
Authors: Abbas Randa , Court Deborah
Published: March 2021

In this article two ethnographic researchers present a life story that emerged, almost against their will, as one of 120 in-depth interviews with Israeli Druze. The ethnographic study was designed to provide understanding of Israeli Druze society today through the discovery of thematic patterns. One interviewee, however, simply refused to follow the loosely structured interview format and told her story. Hana's story about the importance of her father in her professional success, and about her struggles to abide by the tenets of her religion, shed new light on the ethnographic data and taught these two researchers some new methodological sensibilities.
Relationship between Decision-Making and Professional Experiences of a Pakistani Female Head Teacher in Initial Years of Headship
Authors: Khan Sumaira
Published: March 2021

This study investigated how a head teacher’s decisions were informed by her prior professional experiences in coping with the challenges in the initial years of headship in Government Secondary School in Pakistan. It is a qualitative case study of a newly promoted female head teacher with twenty-nine years of teaching experience, posted in the same school. Multiple data collection tools (interviews, observations, document analysis and field notes) were used to collect data about the inquiry. The study found that decision-making processes and professional experiences were co-related in teaching and learning, managing the staff, efficient and effective placement of the staff, strategic planning and development of the school, and resource management and accountability. Other factors, which influenced the head teacher’s decisions were: pressure from high management and the community, accountability, personal values and priorities, and relationships with stakeholders. The study recommended that policy makers provide support and professional development opportunities for novice and aspiring head teachers and has raised questions for further exploration.
Senior Companion Program Volunteers: Exploring Experiences, Transformative Rituals, and Recruitment/Retention Issues
Authors: Ulsperger Jason , McElroy Jericho , Robertson Haley , Ulsperger Kristen
Published: March 2021

Senior Companion Programs (SCPs) help the homebound elderly. They operate through local Area Agencies on Aging, but any nonprofit institution can apply for funding and operate a SCP. Program volunteers are 55 and older. They visit qualified elderly clients, which includes people who do not have the ability to fully care for themselves. Volunteers provide social interaction to clients, but they also provide a minimal level of services, such as grocery shopping, light housekeeping, and respite for caregivers. Examining the experiences of volunteers in these programs can help us better understand why actively engaging with others is important as we age. It can also help us establish a knowledge base that aids in our understanding of how to recruit and retain senior volunteers. This article uses data gathered from phenomenologically based, qualitative in-depth interviews of 10 SCP volunteers. Focusing on volunteer experiences, it uses structural ritualization theory to analyze various volunteer activities, which the research considers ritualized symbolic practices. It also considers how transformative rituals within a SCP impact volunteerism, and it provides recommendations on how to increase SCP volunteer recruitment and retain volunteers. The article concludes with suggestions for future research.
Catching the “Tail/Tale” of Teaching Qualitative Inquiry to Novice Researchers
Authors: Mulvihill Thalia , Swaminatha Raji , Bailey Lucy
Published: March 2021

This article responds to the call for deeper examination of qualitative inquiry teaching practices by presenting representative examples from the pedagogies of three teacher-educators who have taught Qualitative Research Methods courses for the past 15 years. We focus in particular on the pedagogical complexities of teaching data analysis, which is a topic that remains under-theorized and under-represented in contemporary scholarship on qualitative methodologies. Using a critical friends framework, we analyze and synthesize our pedagogical responses to key dilemmas we have encountered in our respective contexts, all state universities, to introducing qualitative inquiry to novice researchers who often enter the analytic process with positivist notions of knowledge creation. They sometimes enter the analytic process with the belief if they can only “catch the tail” of this thing called qualitative research they will be able to “do it right.” Yet, as the metaphor implies, catching a fierce beast by the tail, thinking you can control its actions, can intrude on the inductive and holistic character of the qualitative inquiry process.
Translating the News: A Grounded Theory of Care Initiation by Individuals Living with HIV
Authors: Perazzo Joseph , Martsolf Donna , Pritchard Tracy , Tehan Rebecca
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this research study was to develop a theoretical framework to explain the psychosocial process of care initiation in individuals living with HIV, and to identify the critical junctures that influence individuals living with HIV in their decision to initiate HIV care. Grounded theory method was used to identify the psychosocial process of care initiation by individuals living with HIV. Thirty individuals living with HIV (28 men, 2 women) shared their stories about initiating HIV care. Participants described a process in which they progressed through five distinct stages following diagnosis: a) receiving the news, b) interpreting the news, c) incorporating the news, d) acting on the news, and e) moving beyond the news. Each stage was moderated by influential factors including perceived susceptibility to HIV infection, symptoms, HIV information, and feedback from others. The participants were able to translate the news, from something bad into something good, as demonstrated in the constructed framework: “Translating the News: A Grounded Theory of HIV Care Initiation” A key to successful care initiation is helping individuals with HIV to realize that while the diagnosis may seem like bad news, there is also good news: HIV is not a death sentence.
Small Doses
Authors: Cherry Sabrina
Published: March 2021

In Sweetwater (2013), Robin M. Boylorn presents an intricate look at the lives of rural, Black women. The author weaves in her own story as she details the day-to-day struggles, negotiations and realities of living in a small town while being Black, poor, and female. This review attempts to provide praise for Boylorn’s work, while also offering critiques and further considerations.