bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phonology-Based Instruction for Pre-Literacy Japanese Elementary Students
Authors: Watanabe Naomi
Published: August 2021

This study investigated the following three points regarding the effectiveness of phonology-based instruction on Japanese elementary school students. (1) Does phonology-based instruction have positive effects on improving phonological awareness in Japanese elementary school students?; (2) To what extent does phonology-based instruction enhance letter knowledge in Japanese elementary school students?; and (3) Does phonology-based instruction motivate Japanese elementary school students to learn English? Twenty-nine fourth graders in a public elementary school received phonology-based instruction, such as reciting and singing along with nursery rhymes, detecting rhymes or initial phonemes, and counting syllables. These activities took place during weekly 15-minute modules in English classes. Additionally, letter activities were conducted in English and other subjects to help develop phonological awareness. Study results suggested that phonology-based instruction was effective in improving students’ phonological awareness and attitudes to learn English.

本研究は、日本の小学生に対する音韻指導の有効性について、以下の3点について調べたものである。(1) 日本の小学生の音韻認識の向上にプラスの効果があるか。(2) 日本の小学生の文字知識をどの程度向上させるか。(3) 日本の小学生が英語を学ぶことへの動機付けとなるか。参加者は、公立小学校の4年生29名で、ナーサリーライムの暗唱や歌唱、脚韻や最初の音素の気付き、音節の数などの音韻指導を受けた。これらの活動は、毎週の英語の授業で15分の帯活動で実施され、さらに、音韻認識の発達を促進するために英語および他の教科で文字の活動が行われた。結果として音韻指導が小学生の音韻認識と英語学習に対する態度を向上するのに効果的であることが示唆された。
Supporting Learning During Short-Term Study Abroad: Evaluating a Pedagogical Intervention
Authors: Sullivan Kristen
Published: August 2021

This paper will discuss a pedagogical intervention that was implemented during a short-term study abroad program conducted in the summer of 2019 to Brisbane, Australia. The aim was to create a deeper learning experience by encouraging participants to actively engage with their study abroad communities in the target language and to reflect on their experiences. The effectiveness of the intervention, titled the Challenges Project, is considered through an analysis of the reflection reports students wrote as part of the intervention, as well as responses to a post-program feedback questionnaire. From this analysis the paper suggests that the effectiveness of the intervention could have been strengthened by providing more support of the reflection process before, during, and after the study abroad program. Specific recommendations for how this can be achieved are given.

本論文は、短期留学プログラムにおける学生の留学経験をより有意義なものにすることを目指して、2019年夏にオーストラリア・ブリスベンでの短期留学期間中に実施した教育的介入について分析した。その教育的介入では、筆者が参加者に対して、留学先のコミュニティと対象言語を使って積極的に関わることを目的としたアクティビティへの参加とその経験について振り返ることを促した。ここでは、介入の一環として参加学生が留学中に書いた振り返りレポートの内容分析および帰国後に行ったアンケート調査の分析結果から介入の効果を考察した。分析からは、留学開始前・留学中・留学後の各過程において、振り返りのあり方に関するサポートをより充実させることによって、教育的介入の効果を高めることができるという結論に至った。教育的介入においては、学生の振り返り活動をどのようにして支えればよいかに関する具体的な方法を提示する。
L2 Vocabulary Knowledge Across Modes of Production: A Pilot Study
Authors: Brooks Gavin , Jordan Jennifer
Published: August 2021

The pilot study described in this paper builds on existing studies of lexical diversity to determine the extent to which learners’ L2 vocabulary proficiency affects the lexical diversity of the texts they produce across three modes of production. To do this, the researcher examined the relationship between first-year students’ (n = 17) L2 vocabulary knowledge, as measured by Webb, Sasao, and Ballance’s (2017) updated Vocabulary Levels Test (uVLT), and the lexical diversity of their academic writing, academic presentations, and academic discussions. The results showed that even learners with higher scores on the uVLT tended not to use those low-frequency words in their academic writing and presentations. As a result, there was no statistically significant correlation between students’ uVLT scores and the lexical diversity of their essays or presentations. However, the analysis did show a statistically significant correlation between vocabulary knowledge and the lexical diversity of their academic discussions.

本稿で検証する予備研究は、語彙の多様性に関する既存の研究を基に、学習者のL2語彙力が三形態にわたるテクスト産出の多様性にどの程度の影響を及ぼすかを明らかにするものである。そのために、本稿ではウェッブ、笹尾、バランス（2017）の語彙レベルテスト更新版（uVLT）で測定した1年生（n = 17）のL2語彙知識と、学術的なライティング、プレゼンテーション、および討論における語彙の多様性との関係を調査した。その結果、uVLTのスコアが高い学習者であっても、低頻出語を学術的ライティングやプレゼンテーションで使用しない傾向が見られた。調査結果では、学生のuVLTスコアと、ライティングやプレゼンテーションにおける語彙の多様性との間には、統計的に有意な相関は認められなかったが、語彙知識と学術的な討論における語彙の多様性との間には、統計的に有意な相関が示された。
Raising Cultural Awareness in EFL Classes
Authors: Mine Irene , Mimura Chieko
Published: August 2021

Teaching culture is essential in a language class, as language is an inseparable part of culture. Yet incorporating culture into an EFL class can give rise to challenges, such as indefinable target cultures, the creation of possible stereotypes, unforeseeable results, difficulties in assessment, and the elusive concept of culture itself. Accepting those challenges, culture can be incorporated into a language classroom not by explicitly introducing a specific culture, but by attempting to raise the students’ cultural awareness. In this study we presented students with real-life stories of intercultural experiences in university English classes. The students’ responses to reading prompts, class reflections, and interviews demonstrated the effectiveness of the teaching activity in raising cultural awareness. We also found that raising cultural awareness leads to a wider awareness of “unknowns.” Our results suggest that teaching culture implicitly may be effective in raising the cultural awareness of students in a language class.

言語の授業において文化を教えることは必要不可欠である。言語は文化の一部であり切り離すことはできないからである。しかし、EFL（外国語としての英語）の授業において文化を組み入れることは難しい。ターゲットとする文化が決められないこと、ステレオタイプを生む可能性があること、結果が見えづらいこと、評価が困難であること、そして、文化の定義そのものの問題である。これらの課題を受け入れ、特定の文化を明示的に指導するのではなく、学習者の文化的意識を高めることを目指して文化を指導することが有効である。本研究では、大学の英語の授業で、教員の異文化体験の実話を教材とした。その結果、教材への問いや、リフレクション及びインタビューから、異文化意識の向上が見られた。異文化意識はまた、「知らないことへの意識」というさらに深い意識へとつながった。本研究は学習者の異文化意識向上のために文化を非明示的に指導する可能性を示唆する。
Representación de la corrupción en la cultura popular: los casos de la danza Siqlla, la danza K’anchis y de los “Doctorcitos"
Authors: Murguía Sánchez Luis Ernesto
Published: August 2021

El estudio tiene por objetivo presentar el fenómeno de la corrupción a partir de la crítica social en la cultura popular. Los resultados constituyen la descripción etnográfica de la danza “los doctores” Siqlla que se baila en el Cusco, “Doctorcitos” en el altiplano Peruano-boliviano y el “Docturcha” entre los K’anchis del distrito de Ayaviri, departamento de Puno; seguido una etnoclasifcación de “doctores”, “doctorcitos”, y “doctorazos”, con título real o falso provenientes de la cantera mayor la universidad. Las conclusiones constituyen una generalización para casos particulares y señalan que la corrupción es vista como degradación, descomposición o desviación de la virtud, motivo por el cual son objeto de crítica social a partir de la representación popular, la danza y, dentro de esta, privilegia el recurso de la mofa, burla y la sorna.
Escuela, género e incesto ideológico
Authors: Mazeres Gaitero Francisco Javier
Published: August 2021

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Estructura socioeconómica y hábitos alimentarios en el estado nutricional de los estudiantes del sur peruano
Authors: Lipa Tudela Luzbeth , Geldrech Sanchez Patricia , Quilca Soto Yessica , Mamani-Coaquira Humberto , Huanca-Arohuanca Jesús Wiliam
Published: August 2021

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Uso de la bola adiposa de bichat como injerto para tratar la recesión gingival
Authors: Falcón-Guerrero Britto Ebert , Falcón-Pasapera Guido Sebastián
Published: August 2021

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REALITAS LITERASI MEDIA PADA IBU-IBU JAMAAH MAJELIS TAKLIM NURUL HIKMAH, DESA TANJUNG KARANG, CIGALONTANG, TASIKMALAYA, JAWA BARAT
Authors: Simamora Santa Lorita
Published: August 2021

Impressions program broadcast media were more varied, especially the entertainment program demanding society audience should have the ability to screen a wide range of entertainment programs such content. The reality is not so, is not proportional between variety program and the community's ability to filter information which may enter into her mind. This is especially seen in public audiences in rural areas. As stated by Nielsen Media Research that the majority of the audience in Indonesia is a community social economic status C and D, where their ability to seek more entertainment through a private television station. While their ability to sort out the entertainment program content can not be said to be feasible. The Research method used is descriptive qualitative research. Through this research, the researcher tries photographing reality lack the ability of mothers touched Majelis Taklim Nurul Hikmah, Tanjung Karang Village, Cigalontang, Tasikmalaya, West Java during the first month, which is the period of May 29 to June 26, 2018. Additionally depth interviews were conducted that research subjects 30 mothers touched Majelis Taklim Nurul Hikmah. The results of the research findings that the ability of mothers in sorting, filtering content impressions entertainment program is minimal, so with various limitations, the mothers can not provide assistance to the children or their grandchildren when watching television programs, especially the entertainment program.
FIQIH MINORITAS MUSLIM DALAM BERINTERAKSI KEPADA NEGARANYA
Authors: Alkhotob Imam Taufik Alkhotob
Published: August 2021

When the Muslim community lives in a country as a minority, they usually stay active with limited space and movement. This is because they come with different religions and cultures. As a minority, Islam regulates how they should interact with the country where they live. Through qualitative methodology and descriptive analysis writing, the author will explain the forms of interaction that must be carried out. The result is six things; Minority Muslims are obliged to preach Islam to the Community and the State, Maintain the implementation of the main religious syari'at for individuals in the life of the state, Maintain the rules of the shari'ah that have been agreed upon regarding its halalness and prohibitions, even though the State legalizes it, Obligation to be involved in the process building the State and resolving the problems of the State, the obligation to maintain relations between fellow citizens of the State and not to carry out rebellion against the State unless they have the ability and after seeing the magnitude of the Maslahat caused
TOLERANSI DA’WAH MOHAMMAD NATSIR
Authors: Lukman Lukman , Fadlilah Siti Nur
Published: August 2021

Da’wah pada hakikatnya harus tegak diatas sendi-sendi toleransi, yaitu menyampaikan hujjah yang benar dan tidak memaksakan suatu keyakinan kepada orang lain. Toleransi dalam arti tasamuh dalm Islam mempunyai prinsip-prinsip yang harus ditegakkan dalam aktivitas da’wah. Mohammad Natsir sebagai seorang da’i sangat paham dan menyadari hal tersebut sehingga dalam aktivitas da’wahnya senantiasa didasarkan dan merujuk kepada Al-Qur’an dan As-Sunnah serta pengamalan para sahabat Nabi. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan (library research), di mana peneliti melakukan penelusuran, analisa, dan penelaahan terhadap aktivitas-aktivitas da’wah Mohammad Natsir yang terekam dalam karya-karya beliau dan juga literatur yang terkait dengan penelitian ini. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa da’wah Mohammad Natsir dalam berbagai bidang sangat sarat dengan nilai-nilai toleransi, antara lain toleransi da’wah Mohammad Natsir dalam hubungan antar umat beragama, toleransi da’wah Natsir dalam dunia politik. Seorang da’i, baik sebagai politisi, birokrat, dokter, guru maupun masyarakat biasa dalam menjalankan da’wahnya harus senantiasa memancarkan nilai-nilai tasamuh atau toleransi Islam.
Re-description of the assassin bug species Pygolampis striata Miller, 1940 with new distributional records from Japan and Indonesia (Heteroptera, Reduviidae, Stenopodainae)
Authors: Okuda Kyosuke
Published: August 2021

Pygolampis striata Miller, 1940 was previously described, based on a single male specimen. However, there are no records of the species since then. The females and nymphs were not described and knowledge about their habitat is insufficient.

This is the first record of the assassin bug Pygolampis striata Miller, 1940 from Japan and Indonesia. Here, this species has been re-described and, for the first time, the female has been described. The species was collected from the surfaces of dried Poaceae grasslands using the "Gasa-Gasa collecting method".
Six new species of Sporothrix from hardwood trees in Poland
Authors: Ostafińska Agnieszka , Jankowiak Robert , Bilański Piotr , Solheim Halvor , Wingfield Michael J.
Published: August 2021

Sporothrix (Sordariales, Ascomycota) is a well-supported monophyletic lineage within the Ophiostomatales, species of which occur in a diverse range of habitats including on forest trees, in the soil, associated with bark beetles and mites as well as on the fruiting bodies of some Basidiomycota. Several species have also been reported as important human and animal pathogens. During surveys of insect- and wound-associated Ophiostomatales from hardwood trees in Poland, many isolates with affinity to Sporothrix were recovered. In the present study, six undescribed Sporothrix spp. collected during these surveys are characterized based on their morphological characteristics and multi-locus phylogenenetic inference. They are described as Sporothrix cavum, Sporothrix cracoviensis, S. cryptarchum, S. fraxini, S. resoviensis, and S. undulata. Two of the Sporothrix spp. reside in the S. gossypina-complex, while one forms part of the S. stenoceras-complex. One Sporothrix sp. is a member of lineage F, and two other species grouped outside any of the currently defined species complexes. All the newly described species were recovered from hardwood habitats in association with sub-cortical insects, wounds or woodpecker cavities. These species were morphologically similar, with predominantly asexual states having hyaline or lightly pigmented conidia, which produce holoblastically on denticulate conidiogenous cells. Five of the new taxa produce ascomata with necks terminating in long ostiolar hyphae and allantoid ascospores without sheaths. The results suggest that Sporothrix species are common members of the Ophiostomatales in hardwood ecosystems of Poland.
Experimental study the anti-inflammatory and osteo-regenerative qualities of the paste based on symphytum officinale tincture and calcium hydroxide
Authors: Kostyiuk Iryna , Kostiuk Victor , Kimak Halyna , Oktysyuk Yuriy , Tarnavska Lilia
Published: August 2021

Replacement of the damaged bone remains actual and is far from being completely solved nowadays, despite its centuries-old history. The purpose of study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and osteo-regenerative qualities of the paste based on Symphytum officinale tincture and calcium hydroxide in treatment on teeth with chronic granulating apical periodontitis in children and in an experiment on animals. Performed morphological and densitometric studies showed that remodeling of bone injury of the lower jaw in rats occurs almost equally in both experimental and control groups, and a paste based on Symphytum officinale tincture and calcium hydroxide also promotes bone regeneration at the defect site and stimulates osteosynthesis. Analysis of liver tissue, soft and hard tissues of the lower jaw in animals suggest that the proposed paste does not produce any toxic effect and provides significant anti-inflammatory properties. The gained result provide grounds to recommend the developed paste for therapeutic use in children as a temporary root canal sealing material in permanent teeth with granulating apical periodontitis.
Dapagliflozin – structure, synthesis, and new indications
Authors: Balkanski Stefan
Published: August 2021

Dapagliflozin is a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors used in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. An aryl glycoside with significant effect as glucose-lowering agents, Dapagliflozin also has indication for patients with Heart Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease. This review examines the structure, synthesis, analysis, structure activity relationship and uses of the product. The studies behind this drug have opened the doors for the new line of treatment – a drug that reduces blood glucoses, decreases the rate of heart failures, and has a positive effect on patients with chronic kidney disease.
COVID-19 as a concomitant diagnosis and the emergencies behind COVID-19 mask – a real challenge that requires a multidisciplinary view of the patient
Authors: Atanasov Petar Yordanov , Moneva-Sakelarieva Maria Georgieva , Kobakova Yozlem Ali , Ivanova Stefka Achkova , Obreshkova Danka Petrova , Petkova Valentina Boyanova , Becheva Maria Vakrilova
Published: August 2021

The etiological cause of Coronavirus infection, which has captured the attention of almost the whole world at the moment, is SARS-CoV2. The clinical picture of coronavirus infection varies from asymptomatic to severe respiratory infection with manifestations of respiratory failure, the development of respiratory distress syndrome and even death. Already in the first months of the coronavirus pandemic in the United States there was a serious decline in the number of patients seeking medical care in the Emergency Department (49.3%) compared to 2019. There is evidence of increased mortality during the pandemic, which causality cannot be directly or associated with coronavirus infection. Even in the context of a global pandemic, we must not forget all other diagnoses and conditions that exist as comorbidity, and emergency care must be provided without delay and delay.
René Worms récidiviste
Authors: Chenu Alain
Published: August 2021

En lettres puis en sciences, René Worms a peiné à obtenir un doctorat, ne réussissant que lors d’une seconde tentative. Sa ténacité n’a pas été récompensée : en 1912 le grade de docteur lui a été attribué avec des réserves telles qu’il ne lui ouvrait aucune nouvelle perspective de carrière. Pour ce collectionneur de diplômes, la soutenance de sciences était une amère victoire.
La vulgarisation de la science sociale de Le Play
Authors: Savoye Antoine , Guerlain Laetitia
Published: August 2021

Les auteurs examinent comment Le Play et son école ont œuvré à la vulgarisation de leur science sociale. Le Play s’est montré plutôt réticent à cette vulgarisation. Par contre, plusieurs de ses disciples de la Société d’économie sociale ont participé au mouvement d’éducation populaire des sciences sociales au cours du second XIXè. Leur contribution la plus marquante a été, à la fin du siècle, le Comité de défense et de progrès social, présidé par Anatole Leroy-Beaulieu.
Hobbes/Bentham. Influences et modernité anglaise
Authors: Bourcier Benjamin , Jakonen Mikko
Published: August 2021

Alors que plus d’un siècle sépare Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) et Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832), leurs philosophies respectives entretiennent des rapports étroits qui, bien qu’ils aient souvent retenu l’attention des historiens de la philosophie et commentateurs, n’ont jamais été étudiés spécifiquement. On cherche ici à pallier ce manque par une étude des rapports entre Hobbes et Bentham dans le champ de la philosophie politique, juridique et morale. On espère ainsi expliquer les points communs, influences, réappropriations, différences et oppositions existant entre ces deux pensées et contribuer par là à faire mieux comprendre leur rôle dans l’histoire de la philosophie moderne anglaise.
Hobbes, Bentham et la Common Law
Authors: Béal Christophe
Published: August 2021

La doctrine classique de la Common Law est la cible de nombreuses critiques de la part de Hobbes et de Bentham. Tous deux remettent en cause les principes qui fondent et justifient cette composante fondamentale du droit anglais. Sont notamment visés le caractère coutumier qui lui est attribué, sa prétendue rationalité ainsi que l’interprétation qu’en font les juges. Moment décisif dans l’histoire des théories du droit, cette controverse tend à faire prévaloir l’idée d’un droit créé par un acte de volonté sur un droit non écrit, tiré de la coutume, que les juges s’efforcent d’appliquer et de perpétuer. Mais, au-delà de leur portée critique, les textes de Hobbes et Bentham présentent des divergences qui font apparaître deux conceptions distinctes de la Common Law et de la décision judiciaire.
Identification and Screening of Human Trafficking Victims
Authors: Wilks Lorna , Robichaux Katherine , Russell Matthew , Khawaja Lubna , Siddiqui Umar
Published: August 2021

An estimated 88% of victims of human trafficking (HT) endorsed interfacing with a health care provider during their trafficking experience. Across disciplines and settings, including emergency and outpatient, health care providers are in a unique position to identify and intervene in the care of patients with a past or current history of HT. Conversely, health care providers reported a low level of confidence in their abilities to adequately identify trafficked patients. There is an urgent need for the training of health care providers on the complex physical and psychological sequalae of HT, as well as a culturally responsive and trauma-informed approach to the screening and assessment process. This article will examine the physical and psychological implications, various validated and unvalidated screening tools and assessment guidelines for providers, and the role health care providers can play in the identification process and mitigation of risk for future exploitation and harm to the patient.

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Psychiatr Ann
. 2021;51(7):364–368.]
Coefficient Omega
Authors: Taylor John M.
Published: August 2021

This article raises the concern that nursing education research may be unduly subject to several limitations inherited from an overreliance on Cronbach's α. Consequently, researchers are encouraged to make greater use of coefficient omega since it is expected to perform just as well as or better than Cronbach's α, especially when tau-equivalence goes unmet. Several resources are noted that may help researchers estimate omega for composite measurements.

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J Nurs Educ
. 2021;60(8):429–430.]
Copositivity meets D. C. optimization
Authors: Moudafi Abdellatif , Mainge Paul-Emile
Published: August 2021

Based on a work by M. Dur and J.-B. Hiriart-Urruty[3], we consider the problem of whether a symmetric matrix is copositive formulated as a difference of convex functions problem. The convex nondifferentiable function in this d.c. decomposition being proximable, we then apply a proximal-gradient method to approximate the related stationary points. Whereas, in [3], the DCA algorithm was used.
The generalized quadratic Gauss sums and its sixth power mean
Authors: Lv Xingxing ,   School of Mathematics, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, Zhang Wenpeng
Published: August 2021

In this article, we using elementary methods, the number of the solutions of some congruence equations and the properties of the Legendre's symbol to study the computational problem of the sixth power mean of a certain generalized quadratic Gauss sums, and to give an exact calculating formula for it.
Computational Expression
Authors: Strawhacker Amanda L. , Sullivan Amanda A.
Published: August 2021

In the past two decades, STEM education has been slowly replaced by “STEAM,” which refers to learning that integrates science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics. The added “Arts” portion of this pedagogical approach, although an important step towards integrated 21st century learning, has long confused policymakers, with definitions ranging from visual arts to humanities to art education and more. The authors take the position that Arts can be broadly interpreted to mean any approach that brings interpretive and expressive perspectives to STEM activities. In this chapter, they present illustrative cases inspired by work in real learning settings that showcase how STEAM concepts and computational thinking skills can support children's engagement in cultural, performing, and fine arts, including painting, sculpture, architecture, poetry, music, dance, and drama.
Fostering Computational Thinking in Homes and Other Informal Learning Spaces
Authors: Govind Madhu
Published: August 2021

This chapter provides theoretical and practical insights for fostering children's computational thinking (CT) in homes and other family-friendly spaces such as libraries, museums, and after-school programs. The family context—the kinds of roles, interactions, and opportunities afforded by parents, caregivers, and siblings—is essential for understanding how young children learn and engage in CT. This work is informed by research on how everyday activities and educational technologies (and the contexts in which they are used) can be designed to promote opportunities for CT and family engagement. This chapter discusses ways to support children's CT by co-engaging family members in collaborative coding activities in homes and other informal learning spaces.
Coding, Computational Thinking, and Cultural Contexts
Authors: Hunt Libby , Bers Marina Umaschi
Published: August 2021

This chapter examines the relationship between coding, computational thinking, and the contexts in which those concepts are learned. It recounts a pilot study where a 12-week robotics curriculum was taught in kindergarten classrooms at eight interfaith and secular schools in Boston, United States of America and Buenos Aires, Argentina. In this chapter, the authors explore how teachers and students drew from their socio-cultural environments to inform the language of computational thinking and support the internalization of computational concepts and, in turn, how computational thinking was used as a tool for deeper exploration of cultural traditions and beliefs, meaning-making, and creative expression.
Calculating Dynamic Strengths of Concrete Subjected to Impact Load
Authors: Abdulabbas Zainab Hasan , Al Asadi Layth Abdul Rasool
Published: August 2021

The objective of this paper is to calculate the influential properties of concrete. These are the dynamic properties of sustainable concrete in the situation in which metal waste can found within its components. Growing the rate of pollution in the world, a fast decrease of the original resource, the requirement for utilization more areas of natural land, and increase the price of the newly available area are the reasons that make the researchers give great attention to the new concrete (green concrete) and destruction of unwanted material in the green mix. The concept of reuse aimed at sustainable structures was implemented within the current paper through consuming metal waste of cans and bottle caps in concrete. The waste materials were consumed in two modes; at 1st mode, it was applied in the role of fibres and mixed using 15% by weight of cement. On the 2nd mode, it was applied as coarse aggregate with 25% replaced by volume. The procedure includes testing 4 concrete mixes. The estimated properties were the flexural and compressive strengths, besides modulus of elasticity. Adding bottle caps (waste materials fibres) in concrete led to enhancement in strengths. The use of walls of cans (waste materials fibres) in concrete reduced the strengths. While in the case of compacted bottle caps plus pull-tab of cans (waste materials aggregate), concrete mechanical properties a little below the reference mix. The dynamic properties of concrete contain these types of waste under impact load were determined. As known, the dynamic properties are so helpful in the strategy that deals with civil constructions put in danger of impact loads like runways, gas explosion, etc. CEB-FIP (2010) code provides wide-ranging formulas to predict the strain change of concrete. The dynamic properties are determined by this code with consideration strain level between (10-2-100). In this range, dynamic loads in the civil constructions at the level of quasi-static strain were predicted.
Numerical Investigation of New Cooling Method for Clinker Flow in Opposite Direction with Airflow at Different Height Ratios
Authors: Jabbar Nasr A. , Alshammary Ali Amer , Hussain Ihsan Y. , Alansari Luay S.
Published: August 2021

Several parameters affect the properties of Portland cement and one of these parameters is the cooling rate of the clinker. If the effectiveness of the cooling method of the clinker increases, a good enhancement in the properties of Portland cement will be found. Depending on the new cooling method suggestion by Nasr et. al. [20], the counter pattern of air clinker flow was studied using (FLUENT 6.3.26). The dimensions of the cooling room in grate cooler, the constant mass flow rate of both clinker and air, different height ratios, and different clinker porosity were considered in this numerical work. The results show that the heat transfers in the first half of the cooling room (0 < X < 0.9 m) is larger than that in the second half (0.9 < X < 1.8 m), and this leads to an increase in the temperature of outlet air so can benefits from it in the heating of furnace. When the clinker and air are flowing in the counter direction, the cooling method is more beneficial when compared with that of parallel flow because the exiting clinker has a great rate of cooler and the air exits from the grate cooler is loaded with large thermal energy. Finally, it can design the best length of gate according to the required clinker temperature at the outlet side, and this results to reduce the cost of the cooling process according to the temperature distribution results at (0 < X > 1.8m) for different porosity and H.R values.
Study the Behavior of Castellated Steel Column Encasing by Different Reactive Powder Concrete Thickness with Laced Reinforcement
Authors: Ghazi Mustafa Mazin , Alshimmeri Ahmad Jabbar Hussain
Published: August 2021

Castellated columns are structural members that are created by breaking a rolled column along the center-line by flame after that rejoining the equivalent halves by welding such that for better structural strength against axial loading, the total column depth is increased by around 50 percent. The implementation of these institutional members will also contribute to significant economies of material value. The main objectives of this study are to study the enhancement of the load-carrying capacity of castellated columns with encasement of the columns by Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) and lacing reinforcement, and serviceability of the confined castellated columns. The Castellated columns with RPC and Lacing Reinforcement improve compactness and local buckling (web and flange local buckling), as a result of steel section encasement. This study presents axial load test results for four specimens Castellated columns section encasement by Reactive powder concrete (RPC) with laced reinforcement. The encasement consists of, flanges unstiffened element height was filled with RPC for each side and laced reinforced which are used inclined continuous reinforcement of two layers on each side o0f the web of the castellated column. The inclination angle of lacing reinforcement concerning the longitudinal axis is 45o. Four specimens with four different configurations will be prepared and tested under axial load at columns. The first group was the control group (CSC1) Unconfined castellated steel column, the second group was consists of Castellated columns (web and flange) confined with 17mm of (RPC), welded web, and 6mm laced reinforcement (CSC3). While group three (CSC4) consists of a Castellated steel column same as the sample (CSC3), but without using welding between two parts of the castellated steel column. Groups four and five consist of a Castellated steel column same as sample (CSC4) encased partially with reactive powder concrete (25.5 mm) (CSC5) and full encased flange with reactive powder concrete (34mm) mm (CSC6), respectively. The tested specimens' results show that an increase in the strength of the column competitive with increasing the encased reactive powder concrete thickness. And the best sample was sample CSC6 with (34mm) mm in experimental and ABAQUS results.
Cure Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Rubber Compound Reinforced with Activated Carbon from Coconut Husks as Alternative to Carbon Black
Authors: Oyales Mitch Irene Kate , Yorro Miguel Lorenzo H. , Valdez-Liu Marietta M. , Razonado Ivy Ann C. , Diaz Leslie Joy L.
Published: August 2021

Selection of raw materials for rubber products is an important aspect of rubber engineering. One of the components often investigated is the filler material, wherein among the considerations include reinforcing capability, cost, and environmental impact. In this study, a greener alternative to carbon black (CB) was explored using activated carbon (AC) from coconut husk. Results showed that AC has lower fixed carbon content (33.64 wt%C) than CB (96.92 wt%C) due to the retained volatile organic components. AC also has a larger particle size distribution (< 150μm) in terms of 80% passing than CB (which is 28-36 nm for technically specified particle size of commercial N330). However, AC exhibits larger BET surface area (423.66 m2/g) due to natural porosity of activated carbon materials as compared to CB (58.109 m2/g). Moreover, AC was found to be basic while CB has a neutral pH. Consequently, the tensile strength and complex modulus G* of the AC-compound (4.3 MPa and 75.36 kPa, respectively) are inferior to CB-compound (20.3 MPa and 87.41 kPa, respectively). This is thought to be mainly due to the larger particle size and porous structure of the activated carbon. Yet, the % elongation and hardness values are comparable. Processability may also be a concern in using activated carbon as a filler due to higher Mooney viscosity (45.8 M). Nonetheless, the scorch time and cure index of the two compounds were found to be comparable. Hence, the potential of complete replacement of carbon black with activated carbon is viable for rubber products with low tensile strength requirements, such as protective matting.
Simulation of Accelerated Ageing Conditions on Ballistic Resistance of Dyneema® Polyethylene Composites
Authors: Ahmed Adnan , Din Naveed Akmal
Published: August 2021

The main aim of this paper is to study and analyze methods of predicting the serviceability and lifespan of ballistic armors made of a high-strength polyethylene ultra-high molecular weight (UHMWPE) fibers composites. Experimental tests were conducted on the accelerated use of composite ballistic inserts in lab to predict the durability; changes in the ballistic, physical, and mechanical properties occurring due to accelerated conditions of use. Data of following ageing simulation methods under controlled environment was used. 1-Application of mechanical load to the insert, 2-application of mechanical load and temperature cycle treatment to the product and 3-applying mechanical load, temperature cycle and immersion in liquid solution simulating human sweat to the test product. It was revealed that mechanical loading, temperature cycling, and the solution simulating human sweat incites the degradation and disintegration of the polyethylene material. To evaluate the correlation between the natural ageing process and the simulated one, ballistic insert samples were also examined under natural conditions for 5, 7, 9 and 13 years. Ansys Workbench Explicit Dynamics (R1 2020) and Solidworks (2018) were used to model and simulate the ballistic impact on standard product as well as accelerated aged samples. Experimental testing data was used in simulation and results were compared to analyze the ageing behavior of composite armor.
Effect of Fiber Loading on the Chemical, Structural and Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Polylactic Acid/Abaca Microcrystalline Cellulose Composites
Authors: Custodio Cyron L. , Cabañero Joel M. , Paglicawan Marissa A. , Basilia Blessie A.
Published: August 2021

In an attempt to improve the physical properties of 3D printed poly lactic acid (PLA), this study aims to develop a microcrystalline cellulose fiber and observe the effects of fiber loading on the PLA/cellulose composites to the composition, crystallinity, morphology, and tensile properties of the resulting 3D printed material. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) have been extracted from indigenous raw abaca fibers and used as the fiber reinforcement for the PLA matrix. Composites of 1 and 3 wt% MCC fibers with PLA were processed using the twin-screw extruder to produce filaments. The resulting composite filaments were 3D printed utilizing the fused deposition modeling technology. FTIR, XRD, digital microscopy, and mechanical testing were used in characterizing the various 3D printed PLA/MCC composite. With the incorporation of cellulose, the PLA/MCC had up to 32% increase in tensile strength and 43% increase in modulus at just 3 wt% fiber loading due to the inherent high modulus of abaca cellulose. The MCC significantly influences the chemical, structural and mechanical properties of the 3D printed PLA/MCC composites.
Physical Properties of Cement-Sand Brick Made by Kenaf Core: Discovering the Optimal Formulation
Authors: Salehuddin Nurul Aini , Arshad Mohd Fadzil , Ahmad Zakiah , Mohd Nor Mohd Zaim , Hassan Abdul Hadi
Published: August 2021

In this study, the effect of replacing the river sand with industrial waste and cellulosic waste was investigated. The cellulosic waste use in this study only focuses on kenaf core, while the industrial waste use in this study is quarry dust. The fine aggregate formulation is adjusted with a different percentage of kenaf core. While the quarry dust is fixed at 50% replacement level. The water-cement ratio set for the formulation is 0.75, and the cement-sand ratio fixes at 1:8. The physical properties are measured through compressive strength and density at 28 days. The result shows that 10% is the maximum replacement of sand with kenaf core to produced brick that using 50% of quarry dust. The compressive strength value of the 10% of kenaf core at 28 days is 8.16 N/mm2 while for density is 1830 kg/m3 at 28 days. All the result shows that kenaf core has the potential to be used as a lightweight fine aggregate. But kenaf core needs to combine with other materials that contribute to the strength.
STAT5 Represses a STAT3-Independent Th17-like Program during Th9 Cell Differentiation
Authors: Canaria D Alejandro , Yan Bingyu , Clare Maia G , Zhang Zonghao , Taylor Grace A , Boone David L , Kazemian Majid , Olson Matthew R
Published: August 2021

IL-9–producing Th cells, termed Th9 cells, contribute to immunity against parasites and cancers but have detrimental roles in allergic disease and colitis. Th9 cells differentiate in response to IL-4 and TGF-β, but these signals are insufficient to drive Th9 differentiation in the absence of IL-2. IL-2–induced STAT5 activation is required for chromatin accessibility within Il9 enhancer and promoter regions and directly transactivates the Il9 locus. STAT5 also suppresses gene expression during Th9 cell development, but these roles are less well defined. In this study, we demonstrate that human allergy-associated Th9 cells exhibited a signature of STAT5-mediated gene repression that is associated with the silencing of a Th17-like transcriptional signature. In murine Th9 cell differentiation, blockade of IL-2/STAT5 signaling induced the expression of IL-17 and the Th17-associated transcription factor Rorγt. However, IL-2–deprived Th9 cells did not exhibit a significant Th17- or STAT3-associated transcriptional signature. Consistent with these observations, differentiation of IL-17–producing cells under these conditions was STAT3-independent but did require Rorγt and BATF. Furthermore, ectopic expression of Rorγt and BATF partially rescued IL-17 production in STAT3-deficient Th17 cells, highlighting the importance of these factors in this process. Although STAT3 was not required for the differentiation of IL-17–producing cells under IL-2–deprived Th9 conditions, their prolonged survival was STAT3-dependent, potentially explaining why STAT3-independent IL-17 production is not commonly observed in vivo. Together, our data suggest that IL-2/STAT5 signaling plays an important role in controlling the balance of a Th9 versus a Th17-like differentiation program in vitro and in allergic disease.
Applications of the Hill 1948 Yield Criterion Development, Performance Evaluation and Comparison for Describing the Behaviour of Different CRCA Grades
Authors: Sivam S.P. Sundar Singh , Natarajan Harshavardhana , Kumaran Durai , Ratna P.R. Shobana Swarna
Published: August 2021

The sheet metal forming processes in several industries like automobile and aerospace suppose the yielding of the sheet metals once strained. Yielding is categorized by the plastic flow of the materials once strained. The yield purpose just in case of uniaxial tension may be simply determined from the stress strain graph, however just in case of multi axial stresses it gets complicated. A relationship among the principal stresses is required requiring the circumstances underneath that plastic flow happens. This complexity is addressed by the anisotropic yield functions. Also, the investigation to get yield loci could also be expensive and time taking. In such case these yield functions prove to be very effective. The yield criteria also facilitate in decisive planar distribution of yield stresses and anisotropic coefficients which gives a decent estimate of these mechanical parameters while not having to through the pain of experimental determination. This study aims at using Hill 1948 criterion to get the Yield Surface Diagrams for three different grades of CRCA Sheets such as ordinary (o), Deep Drawing (DD) and Extra Deep Drawing (EDD) to get the planar distribution of the uniaxial yield stress and anisotropic coefficient. Also, the performance analysis of different grades the distributions are done using accuracy index.
A Study on Material Removal Rate and Surface Roughness of Abrasive Water Jet Machining Process on Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Shunmugasundaram M. , Praveenkumar A. , Sankar L. Ponraj , Sivasankar S.
Published: August 2021

Hybrid metal matrix composite (HMMC) plays a crucial role in the development of better and advanced materials and in their automotive and aeronautical applications. In this investigation also HMMC is prepared using aluminium alloy, as matrix of material and boron nitrate and silicon carbide are chosen for reinforcing material and stir casting method is employed to prepare this new HMMC. The abrasive water jet method is employed for machining the developed HMMCs. The Taguchi approach with ANOVA approach is utilized for optimizing the independent machining parameters to exploit removal rate of material and surface roughness is to be minimized. The Taguchi based response surface methodology(RSM) is utilized for optimizing the machining parameters. Based on the response tables, the rate of feed and stand of distance are more influential parameters on the rate of removal of material and roughness of surface. The optimized machining parameters for improving the rate of removal the material are 100mm/min of FR, 1.5mm SOD and 600gm/min. The 125mm/min FR, 1.5mm SOD and 400gm/min AFR are the optimized machining parameters for minimizing the surface roughness.
Dual Control of Asynchronous Motor for EV Fed by 5-level Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverter using SPWM Technique
Authors: Ahmed Syed Muzafar , Ahmed K. Shafeeque , Shuaib Y. Mohamed
Published: August 2021

This paper presents the discussion about the working principle and simulation of three phases Induction Motor (IM) for electric vehicle fed by five level diode clamped multilevel inverter. Multilevel inverter technology has emerged recently as a very important alternative in the area of EV system. The main objective of this paper is to control the speed of an IM by using 5-level diode clamped multilevel inverter. To obtain high quality sinusoidal output voltage with reduced harmonics, multicarrier PWM control scheme is proposed for diode clamped multilevel inverter. A speed control and torque control can be achieved by using sinusoidal output voltage which has high quality by multicarrier Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) technique. The planned system is best progress in production of towering switching losses results compared with other conventional method. The proposed system is an effective replacement for the conventional method which produces high switching losses and results in poor drive performance. The simulation results reveal that the proposed circuit effectively controls the motor speed and enhances the drive performance through reduction in total harmonic distortion. Also this shows that the planned method controls the speed and torque of motor in efficient manner. Hence, the system usefulness is established through simulation.
Effect of Variable Compression Ratio on Performance and Emissions in Compression Ignition Engine Fuelled with Waste Cooking Oil with Copper Oxide Nano Fluid Blends
Authors: Kumaran Durai , Sivam S.P. Sundar Singh
Published: August 2021

One of the challenging issues in the world today is waste management. Improper waste management could be the main source of environmental pollution. In this context, an attempt has been made to prevent the disposal of large quantities of Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) from hotels and restaurants and utilize them as a fuel in diesel engines. WCO is one of the viable alternative fuels, used by researchers in Compression Ignition (CI) engines due to its low cost, no toxicity, biodegradability and renewability. In this research, copper oxide (CuO) nano fluids were prepared by an one-step chemical synthesis method in different mass fractions of 15 ppm, 25 ppm, 35ppm and 50 ppm and blended with WCO. Based on the fuel stability, WCOCN25 and WCOCN50 test fuels are considered. The diesel and WCO were considered as base fuels. A fully equipped, single cylinder, four stroke, water cooled, direct injection, variable compression ratio diesel engine was used for experimentation. The compression ratio of the engine was varied from 16:1 to 18:1. The engine was loaded at different loading conditions by an eddy current dynamometer to measure the performance and emission parameters for the test fuels. The experimental results have shown that the addition of CuO nano fluids and increasing the compression ratio improved the Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) of the engine. It is observed that the combustion parameters have been improved due to the higher ignition delay and catalytic activity of CuO nano fluids. In addition, CuO nano fluids have a major role in controlling hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and smoke emissions.
Monitoring and Detection of Vehicle Emissions on Steady State Mode using Internet of Things
Authors: Selvakumar R. , Sasikumar N. , Prudhiv P. , Jagadeesh Babu S. , Rakesh V. , Raghu N.
Published: August 2021

This project is to develop a compact system to identify and display pollutants in a vehicle. The level of emissions can be monitored and inspected by this system. Database of each vehicle emissions test can be recorded and the report can be obtained to create an awareness to the drivers and owners about the pollution caused by the vehicle. An IoT (Internet of Things) based air pollution observing framework incorporated a MQ series sensor interfaced to a node MCU set with an ESP8266 WLAN connector to send the sensor reading to an Ubidots cloud. This outline is used for noticing pollutions in demeanour of specific territory and to get the air peculiarity or property examination. The obligated framework will focus on checking the air pollutants concentration with the help of a mixture of internet of things with wireless sensor systems. The investigation of emissions should be possible by figuring out the air quality index (AQI).