bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of emergency material distribution routes in flood disaster with truck‐speedboat‐drone coordination
Authors: Gong Ying , Wang Weili , Zhou Yufeng , Cheng Jiahao
Published: November 2024

To improve the effectiveness of flood disaster relief operations, by ensuring timely and accurate delivery of urgently needed supplies to affected areas, this study focuses on the problem of emergency material distribution during floods. With the objective of minimizing the overall delivery time of emergency materials, we propose a coordinated optimization model that integrates trucks, speedboats, and drones for effective distribution of emergency supplies in flood‐affected areas. To solve this optimization problem, we introduce an improved adaptive large neighborhood search (IALNS) algorithm, which builds on the traditional ALNS framework through refined tuning of deletion and insertion operators. Comparative analyses are conducted with a genetic algorithm, simulated annealing algorithm, and tabu search algorithm. The results reveal that the average performance gap of IALNS compared to these methods is 91.13%, 152.72%, and 16.92%, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that the efficiency of the proposed model and algorithm in addressing the emergency supply distribution problem during flood disasters, highlighting the superior performance of IALNS. This research contributes to enhancing disaster response strategies, ultimately leading to improved outcomes for flood‐affected communities.
Long‐term clinical and endoscopic outcomes of ustekinumab in pediatric Crohn's disease with anti‐tumor necrosis factor failure
Authors: Yamamoto Yoko , Takeuchi Ichiro , Shimizu Hirotaka , Fujikawa Hiroki , Toda Masanori , Miyata Eri , To Hiroaki , Nagata Satoru , Arai Katsuhiro
Published: November 2024

Background and Aim

Only a few studies have reported the long‐term effects of ustekinumab on pediatric Crohn's disease. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the long‐term clinical and endoscopic outcomes of ustekinumab and its safety profile in pediatric‐onset Crohn's disease with anti‐tumor necrosis factor failure.

Methods

Medical records of patients with pediatric‐onset Crohn's disease in whom anti‐tumor necrosis factor therapy failed and ustekinumab treatment was initiated from 2017 to 2022 at a Japanese tertiary children's hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The primary outcome was the continuation rates at weeks 8, 52, and 106. The secondary outcomes were the steroid‐free remission rates at weeks 8, 52, and 106, changes in the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease, and adverse events during follow‐up.

Results

Forty‐three patients were enrolled. The median ages at diagnosis and ustekinumab introduction were 9.7 (interquartile range: 6.7–13.0) years and 13.6 (interquartile range: 8.0–16.0) years. The median follow‐up period was 136 (interquartile range: 102–172) weeks. The continuation rates were 100%, 91%, and 80% at weeks 8, 52, and 106, respectively. The incidence of discontinuation was 6.2% per patient‐year of follow‐up. The steroid‐free remission rates were 44%, 71%, and 80% at weeks 8, 52, and 106, respectively. The Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease of patients in clinical remission at the last follow‐up significantly decreased (P < 0.01), and the safety profile was acceptable.

Conclusions

Ustekinumab appeared effective in maintaining long‐term clinical remission with endoscopic improvement in pediatric‐onset Crohn's disease with anti‐tumor necrosis factor failure.
Management of inoperable malignant bowel obstruction using the 4‐step BOUNCED diet
Authors: Allan Lindsey , Hatchett Naomi , Skene Simon S. , Eastley Kate Bennett , Michael Agnieszka
Published: November 2024

Background

Malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) presents with multiple symptoms. The 4‐step BOUNCED diet educates patients to self‐manage oral intake according to symptoms. It includes clear fluids, thin liquids, purée and soft, sloppy foods, which are low in fibre.

Methods

This mixed methods single‐arm feasibility study aimed to establish if the diet could reduce MBO symptoms in patients with inoperable colorectal and gynaecological malignancies. The secondary objectives were to investigate if it was easily followed, improved quality of life (QOL) and reduced hospital admissions. Patients able to tolerate an oral diet with one or more symptoms (pain, bloating, early satiety, nausea and vomiting) were eligible. Following informed consent, an oncology dietitian took a diet history and determined which step of the diet they needed to follow using a detailed patient information leaflet. Patients remained on the trial for 28 days. Symptom and QOL data were collected on Days 1 and 28 using the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC‐QLQ‐C30) questionnaires.

Results

Thirty patients (24 female, 6 male) aged 18–85 years consented from March 2021 to November 2022. Twenty‐six participants completed the trial and 25 found the diet very easy or easy to understand. There was a significant reduction in pain from 96% on Day 1 to 63% on Day 28 (p = 0.004). The mean increase of EORTC global health status/QOL was 23.5 points, 95% CI (12.4–32.5) (p ≤ 0.001). There was a significant difference between number of admissions (p = 0.018) and bed days (p = 0.004) in the 28 days prior to consent compared to the trial period.

Conclusions

A modified consistency low‐fibre diet is easily followed, may reduce symptoms of MBO, admissions to hospital and improve QOL.
Material flow and supply–demand feature of thulium in China
Authors: Zhang Tianyu , Dong Huijuan , Geng Yong , Li Jinze
Published: November 2024

Limited insights have been obtained regarding the flows and stocks of thulium, the scarcest rare earth element. Thus, this study quantifies the thulium material flow from 2011 to 2020 in China, the largest thulium producer and reserve holder. Dynamic material flow analysis method is used and the demand and supply pattern of China's thulium is clarified. Results reveal that the final demand for thulium grows at an annual rate of 6.2%, reaching from 121 tonnes in 2011 to 208 tonnes in 2020, driven mainly by laser‐related end‐use sectors. Accumulative 1506 tonnes (80.7%) of domestically produced thulium in China originates from illegal mining during 2011–2020. This, combined with imported thulium compounds, bridges the significant gap between final demand and domestic legal supply. Moreover, 1422 tonnes of thulium are stocked in end‐use sectors by 2020, with 30.8% in fiber‐optic communication sector. A supply–demand gap has emerged since 2016 with thulium demand surpassing its domestic supply, which is projected to further widen in the future. Measures like promoting recycling and recovery, optimizing the trade patterns, and exploring material and technology substitution are proposed to mitigate such a gap.
Development and evaluation of the Trauma Screener‐Intellectual Disability: a post‐traumatic stress disorder screening tool for adults with mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning
Authors: Versluis A. , Schuengel C. , Mevissen L. , de Jongh A. , Didden R.
Published: November 2024

Background

This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the adult self‐report and proxy version of the Trauma Screener‐Intellectual Disability (TS‐ID) in adults with mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning (MID‐BIF). An optimal cut‐off value was determined for the ratio of specificity to sensitivity for predicting the diagnosis of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Methods

The TS‐ID was adapted from a Dutch Child and Adolescent Trauma Screener, for use with adults with MID‐BIF. Outcomes based on the TS‐ID were compared with the presence of PTSD, as classified using the Diagnostic Interview Trauma and Stressors–Intellectual Disability (Mevissen et al. 2018). The TS‐ID adult version was administered to 97 participants with MID‐BIF who lived in supported housing, whereas the TS‐ID proxy version was administered to 92 family members or professional caregivers.

Results

The TS‐ID adult version showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .94) and excellent validity (AUC = .94) for distinguishing PTSD in adults with MID‐BIF. Optimal specificity and sensitivity was found at a cut‐off score of 18. Although the TS‐ID proxy version demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .93), it showed no validity in statistically distinguishing PTSD in adults with MID‐BIF.

Conclusions

The TS‐ID showed favourable psychometric qualities as a screening instrument of PTSD in the case for people with MID‐BIF.
Reevaluating the variation of cesarean scar defect
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroshi , Imanaka Shogo
Published: November 2024

Aim

The increasing incidence of cesarean sections has led to a higher prevalence of cesarean scar defects (CSDs), predominantly characterized by postmenstrual bleeding in affected women. CSD manifests in various forms, including isolated myometrial defects, intrauterine cystic protrusions, and extrauterine cystic extensions. The pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning CSD and its associated symptoms remain insufficiently understood. This review explores the pathogenesis of CSD, highlights its morphological characteristics with an emphasis on variable clinical diversity, and addresses the challenges for future research.

Methods

A comprehensive narrative review was conducted using electronic databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar, to identify 41 relevant literatures published up to December 31, 2023.

Results

The myometrium comprises two distinct layers—the inner and outer myometrium—with differences in their origin, structure, and function. Disruptions within these layers contribute to CSD development. Histopathologically, symptomatic CSD may be linked to uterine scar endometriosis, cystic adenomyosis, or endometrial cysts, suggesting that CSD, particularly those necessitating surgical intervention, are not limited to myometrial defects but may also involve iatrogenic endometriosis or adenomyosis, thereby exacerbating clinical symptoms.

Conclusion

This review provides an updated understanding of the histopathological features and classification of CSD, with an emphasis on elucidating its underlying pathogenesis.
Gender quotas influence the appointment of women to precarious leadership positions: A signalling approach
Authors: Shemla Meir , Ihmels Anika , Wegge Juergen
Published: November 2024

In this research we address the ongoing debate about the existence of the glass‐cliff phenomenon by investigating boundary conditions and mechanisms influencing its persistence and decline. Drawing on signalling theory, we hypothesize that the glass‐cliff's presence fluctuates with the clarity of signals associated with appointing women board members at various stages of quota policy implementation. In Study 1, we analyzed a dataset of 258 board appointments in German‐listed companies from 2003 to 2020. We found that women executives were more likely to be appointed following periods of declining performance during Stage 1 (pre‐quota announcement) and Stage 3 (post‐quota enforcement), but not in Stage 2 (post‐announcement, pre‐enforcement). In Study 2, an experiment with 476 respondents, we tested for changes in signal clarity as an underlying mechanism. Results indicate that signal clarity associated with appointing women following performance decline is influenced by quota policies. Signal clarity was highest during stages 1 and 3, but diminished in Stage 2. These findings support the signalling explanation for the glass‐cliff, highlighting that its occurrence is influenced by country‐level policies and emphasizing that the symbolic value of appointing women to board positions as indicators of change depends on the clarity of these signals.
A narrative review of monogenic disorders causing nephrolithiasis and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Assadi Farahnak , Faghihi Toktam
Published: November 2024

The incidence and prevalence of genetic diseases associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been increasing over the last decades. To identify the monogenic causes of kidney stone disorders linked to CKD, a comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify monogenic genes causing nephrolithiasis and CKD. Among 41 identifiable monogenic causes of nephrolithiasis the following diseases primary hyperoxaluria familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis, cystinuria; Dent disease, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency, Lesch–Nyhan syndrome, and idiopathic Infantile hypercalciuria have been linked to CKD and may progress to end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD). Autosomal dominant hypocalcemia and Bartter syndrome (BS) are also hereditary kidney diseases that can cause urolithiasis but are rarely associated with CKD. A few BS type III can be complicated with CKD. A substantial number of kidney stone patients with genetic disorders progress to CKD. Genetic diagnosis should be initiated in all children presenting with kidney stones.
Autophagy is essential for somatic embryogenesis in citrus through regulating amyloplast degradation and lipid homeostasis
Authors: Gao Erlin , Zhao Yunju , Wu Mengxia , Wang Kun , Zheng Qiwei , Li Yanlong , Qu Xiaolu , Wu Xiaomeng , Guo Wenwu , Wang Pengwei
Published: November 2024

Autophagy is a conserved degradation pathway that regulates the clearance of paternal substrate at the early embryogenesis stage of animals. However, its mode of action is likely different in plants, which can regenerate through apomixis without fertilisation.

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a unique plant process widely used for plant propagation and germplasm utilisation. Here, we studied citrus as an example and found a higher autophagic activity after SE initiation. Interestingly, amyloplasts were frequently found inside autophagosomes, whereas the inhibition of autophagy blocks amyloplasts/starch degradation and hinders somatic embryo formation.

Furthermore, the consumption of storage lipids was faster in autophagy mutants, suggesting lipid metabolism is activated when starch utilisation is blocked. Exogenous application of autophagy‐inducing chemicals (e.g. spermidine) significantly promoted the formation of autophagosomes and increased SE efficiency, indicating a positive correlation between autophagy, energy metabolism, and somatic embryo formation in citrus.

Taken together, our study unveils a pathway for the degradation of plant‐specific organelles and provides an effective approach for plant propagation.
The HIAL storm: Resisting the technological transformation of air traffic control
Authors: Thomas Huw , Turnbull Peter
Published: November 2024

Whether and under what conditions the implementation of technology can be resisted hinges on how labour can mobilise structural, associational, institutional, coalitional and ideational power resources. The failed attempt of Highlands and Islands Airports Limited (HIAL) to create a remote tower centre at Inverness to control air traffic at seven regional airports, with the loss of well‐paid jobs in local communities, demonstrates the importance of the composition and interaction of different power resources. By analysing a group of workers with abundant power resources during a ‘storm’ as well as a period of calm, we demonstrate how different power resources can complement but also compromise workers' interests, thereby explaining why unions might be hesitant to utilise specific resources over time and place.
Implementation and Impact of a Lifting Cushion for Care Home Residents Who Have Fallen
Authors: Houghton Rianne , Cowdell Fiona , Fry David , Dyson Judith
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Falls are a global public health problem and the second leading cause of death from unintentional injury. Globally, approximately 30%–50% of people living in nursing or residential care homes fall each year. Falls have an impact on quality of life and morbidity. Prevention of falls is gold standard care. When falls do occur, implementation of safe strategies to help the person rise is required. Structured risk assessment and the use of a ‘lifting’ cushion are one such strategy.

Aims

To evaluate the impact of the lifting cushion on management of falls and assess barriers and facilitators to staff use of the lifting cushion in 18 care homes.

Methods

Two‐phase study involving (i) capturing quantitative pre‐ and post‐cushion implementation data along with comparison of means testing and (ii) theoretically underpinned qualitative semi‐structured interviews to explore barriers and facilitators to cushion implementation with inductive and deductive data analysis.

Results

The cushion was used a total of 32 times out of 567 post‐implementation recorded falls (6% of all falls). Barriers and facilitators to cushion use aligned to the Theoretical Domains Framework include knowledge, skills and confidence, emotion, beliefs about safety and decision processes, environmental context and resources and social influences.

Conclusion

The lifting cushion was poorly adopted. Identified barriers to adoption would not be addressed using routine train and cascade processes. We identified facilitators that could be enhanced to promote uptake. Theoretically underpinned implementation strategies, tailored to assess determinants, are known to be more effective; however, this approach has rarely been used in care homes. We have demonstrated a structured approach to implementation of cushion use; this may be transferable to other care home practices.

Implications for Practice

Cae home leaders should be aware that giving information alone will not change practice. Implementation or improvement strategies will be more effective.
Unravelling the Molecular Dialogue of Beneficial Microbe−Plant Interactions
Authors: Srivastava Ashish K. , Singh Reema D. , Pandey Girdhar K. , Mukherjee Prasun K. , Foyer Christine H.
Published: November 2024

Plants are an intrinsic part of the soil community, which is comprised of a diverse range of organisms that interact in the rhizosphere through continuous molecular communications. The molecular dialogue within the plant microbiome involves a complex repertoire of primary and secondary metabolites that interact within different liquid matrices and biofilms. Communication functions are likely to involve membrane‐less organelles formed by liquid−liquid phase separation of proteins and natural deep eutectic solvents that play a role as alternative media to water. We discuss the chemistry of inter‐organism communication and signalling within the biosphere that allows plants to discriminate between harmful, benign and beneficial microorganisms. We summarize current information concerning the chemical repertoire that underpins plant−microbe communication and host‐range specificity. We highlight how the regulated production, perception and processing of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is used in the communication between plants and microbes and within the communities that shape the soil microbiome.
GmSTOP1‐3 Increases Soybean Manganese Accumulation Under Phosphorus Deficiency by Regulating GmMATE2/13 and GmZIP6/GmIREG3
Authors: Liu Guoxuan , Chen Qianqian , Li Dongqian , Mai Huafu , Zhou Yuming , Lin Maoxin , Feng Xiaonan , Lin Xiaoying , Lu Xing , Chen Kang , Tian Jiang , Liang Cuiyue
Published: November 2024

Mineral nutrient deficiencies and metal ion toxicities coexist on acid soils. Phosphorus (P) deficiency in plants is generally accompanied with significant levels of leaf manganese (Mn) accumulation. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms underpinning remain unclear. The present study found that P‐deficient soybean plants accumulated more Mn compared to P‐sufficient ones on acid soils in both field and greenhouse experiments. Meanwhile, both P deficiency and Mn toxicity enhanced the expression of GmSTOP1‐3. Over‐expressing GmSTOP1‐3 enhanced Mn accumulation in transgenic soybean hairy roots, but RNA‐interference did not show obvious differences. Moreover, transgenic soybeans with GmSTOP1‐3‐overexpression showed enhanced root citrate exudation and augmented Mn accumulation. RNA‐sequence identified four downstream genes of GmSTOP1‐3, including multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (GmMATE2/13) and metal transporter genes (GmZIP6/GmIREG3), which encode plasma membrane proteins. GmSTOP1‐3 activated the transcription of these four genes by directly binding to their promoter regions. In addition, both GmZIP6 and GmIREG3 functioned in Mn uptake as manifested by the higher Mn concentration and decreased growth of soybean hairy roots with their overexpression. Taken together, it is suggested that upregulation of GmSTOP1‐3 by low P stress on acid soils activates transcripts of GmMATE2/13 and GmZIP6/GmIREG3, which consequently result in enhanced Mn accumulation in soybean.
Hyperspectral Leaf Reflectance Detects Interactive Genetic and Environmental Effects on Tree Phenotypes, Enabling Large‐Scale Monitoring and Restoration Planning Under Climate Change
Authors: Corbin Jaclyn P. M. , Best Rebecca J. , Garthwaite Iris J. , Cooper Hillary F. , Doughty Christopher E. , Gehring Catherine A. , Hultine Kevin R. , Allan Gerard J. , Whitham Thomas G.
Published: November 2024

Plants respond to rapid environmental change in ways that depend on both their genetic identity and their phenotypic plasticity, impacting their survival as well as associated ecosystems. However, genetic and environmental effects on phenotype are difficult to quantify across large spatial scales and through time. Leaf hyperspectral reflectance offers a potentially robust approach to map these effects from local to landscape levels. Using a handheld field spectrometer, we analyzed leaf‐level hyperspectral reflectance of the foundation tree species Populus fremontii in wild populations and in three 6‐year‐old experimental common gardens spanning a steep climatic gradient. First, we show that genetic variation among populations and among clonal genotypes is detectable with leaf spectra, using both multivariate and univariate approaches. Spectra predicted population identity with 100% accuracy among trees in the wild, 87%–98% accuracy within a common garden, and 86% accuracy across different environments. Multiple spectral indices of plant health had significant heritability, with genotype accounting for 10%–23% of spectral variation within populations and 14%–48% of the variation across all populations. Second, we found gene by environment interactions leading to population‐specific shifts in the spectral phenotype across common garden environments. Spectral indices indicate that genetically divergent populations made unique adjustments to their chlorophyll and water content in response to the same environmental stresses, so that detecting genetic identity is critical to predicting tree response to change. Third, spectral indicators of greenness and photosynthetic efficiency decreased when populations were transferred to growing environments with higher mean annual maximum temperatures relative to home conditions. This result suggests altered physiological strategies further from the conditions to which plants are locally adapted. Transfers to cooler environments had fewer negative effects, demonstrating that plant spectra show directionality in plant performance adjustments. Thus, leaf reflectance data can detect both local adaptation and plastic shifts in plant physiology, informing strategic restoration and conservation decisions by enabling high resolution tracking of genetic and phenotypic changes in response to climate change.
Factors Influencing Professional Help‐Seeking Intentions for Sexual and Gender‐Based Violence Among Female University Students in Eswatini
Authors: Jung Mi Sook , Dlamini Nondumiso Satiso
Published: November 2024

Objectives

To investigate the prevalence of sexual and gender‐based violence (SGBV) among female college students, identify factors influencing intention to seek professional help among SGBV survivors, and compare help‐seeking determinants among survivors based on their prior utilization of healthcare services.

Design

A cross‐sectional online survey was employed among female students aged 18–24 years from two universities in Eswatini.

Measurements and Sample

A total of 271 female college students were recruited to assess SGBV experience, attitudes, social norms, perceived control, help‐seeking intention, and other factors not originally included in the theory of planned behavior. Data analyses utilized descriptive statistics, comparative analyses, and multiple regression methods.

Results

Among the participants, 73.1% reported experiencing one or more forms of SGBV, while only 43.4% sought professional help through health services. Help‐seeking intentions of survivors were significantly associated with positive attitudes, subjective norms, and marital status, collectively explaining 66% of the variance. In subgroup analyses, the subjective norm and attitude emerged as the most robust predictors of help‐seeking intentions.

Conclusion

The results revealed a high prevalence of SGBV and a concerning trend of low help‐seeking behavior, with attitudes and subjective norms emerging as the most influential factors shaping intention. These results provide valuable insights for designing theory‐driven and culturally sensitive public health nursing interventions and educational programs aimed at effectively supporting SGBV survivors.
Developing a Scale to Measure Public Health Nurses’ Advocacy Practices in Group and Community Settings in Japan
Authors: Hatono Yoko , Suzuki Hiroko , Shimazu Taeko
Published: November 2024

Objective

This study aimed to develop a scale to assess public health nurses’ (PHNs’) advocacy practices in groups and communities in Japan and determine its reliability and validity.

Design and Sample

This study is a cross‐sectional investigation. The sample comprised PHNs across various municipalities in Japan.

Measurements

Anonymous self‐administered questionnaires were conducted, including the attributes of PHNs, a preliminary scale, and external criteria. Reliability was assessed by calculating the alpha coefficient. To ascertain construct validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted.

Results

A total of 432 questionnaires were analyzed. The scale comprised 27 items divided into five factors: “Raising awareness of the challenging situation faced by disadvantaged individuals,” “Empowering disadvantaged individuals to improve their situation autonomously,” “Establishing a foundation in local governments and community groups of disadvantaged individuals for advocacy initiatives,” “Working toward policy changes,” and “Collaborating with stakeholders and organizations to enhance the effectiveness of activities.” The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for this scale was 0.945. Model fit indices included a comparative fit index of 0.907, a goodness‐of‐fit index of 0.840, an adjusted goodness‐of‐fit index of 0.806, and a root mean square approximation of 0.067.

Conclusions

The developed scale demonstrated satisfactory reliability and validity.
Macrophytes Used as Multifaceted Benefits Including Feeding, Bioremediation, and Symbiosis in Freshwater Aquaculture—A Review
Authors: Mandal Rathidra Nath , Bera Pujadebi
Published: November 2024

The utility of macrophytes in freshwater aquaculture is diverse. We review the benefits of macrophytes in aquaculture into broadly three useful perspectives: (i) Feeding, (ii) Bioremediation, and (iii) Symbiosis. Macrophytes are used as direct food by herbivores for their potential nutrient values with a maximal protein content of 35% (D/W basis) and as ingredients for fish feed preparation with optimal 50% protein inclusion to reduce feed cost in commercial aquaculture. Macrophytes are used for wastewater treatments to eliminate contaminants, including As, Cu, Cd, Cr, Hg, and Pb, to 99.9%, and to reduce BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) to improve water quality. Intake of remedied wastewater into aquaculture enhances water productivity through phytoplankton growth. An estimate is that 1.0 L of remedied wastewater, particularly sewage effluent adds an average of 0.05 g N & P and 0.99‐L freshwater into aquaculture to yield an average of 0.309 g fish. Macrophytes are integrated with fish in commercial aqua‐farming. Plants and fish are farmed together in aquaponics. They are used as substrates for some commercial fish species to lay eggs in farming. They are raised with ornamental fish for benefits in aquariums. Nevertheless, extensive studies are required to harness more benefits from macrophytes.
Psychometric Properties of the Danish International Trauma Questionnaire—Child and Adolescent Version (ITQ‐CA)
Authors: Sigurðardóttir Katla , Qambar Noor , Elklit Ask , Auning‐Hansen Mikkel A. , Nielsen Sabrina B.
Published: November 2024

With the introduction of the ICD‐11 diagnostic manual, the need for developing and validating new assessment instruments has become urgent. The International Trauma Questionnaire‐Child and Adolescent version (ITQ‐CA) assesses posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) based on the ICD‐11 diagnostic definition. This study examines the psychometric properties of the Danish version of the ITQ‐CA in a non‐clinical sample of 226 adolescents. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed to study the effects of gender, age, trauma exposure, family dysfunction, and SDQ variables on PTSD and Disturbances in Self‐Organization (DSO). Results showed that 16 participants (7%) met the ITQ‐CA criteria for CPTSD and 11 (5.7%) for PTSD. The full model of gender, age, family dysfunction, trauma exposure, and SDQ variables was found to predict PTSD and DSO. The present study supports the validity of the Danish version of the ITQ‐CA and represents an important step of establishing and applying validated tools for assessing  PTSD and CPTSD in children and adolescents. The results also underscore the need for a broader trauma definition. Future research should examine the sensitivity of the ITQ‐CA.
The influencing factors of willingness to participate in crop rotation and fallow: A behavioural economics perspective
Authors: Wu Haohao , He Linbo , He Junhong
Published: November 2024

Crop rotation and fallow practices are increasingly adopted to mitigate ecological resource pressures and accelerate the development of modern agriculture. These practices have significant implications for environmental protection, soil quality enhancement and the promotion of sustainable, high‐quality agricultural development. Despite their importance, empirical research on the factors influencing participation in crop rotation and fallow remains limited and comparative analyses of different compensation scenarios are scarce. This study, grounded in behavioural economics, utilizes data from the China Rural Revitalization Survey (CRRS) and employs propensity score matching (PSM) and binary logistic regression models to analyse farmers' behaviour regarding both induced and voluntary crop rotation and fallow. The research aims to identify the factors that influence farmers' decisions to engage in these practices. The findings indicate that, under a fixed subsidy standard, the participation rates for crop rotation and fallow were 14.5% and 5.4%, respectively. Among the farmers participating in crop rotation, 43.8% were induced, while 56.2% were voluntary. For fallow practices, 47.9% of the participants were induced and 52.1% were voluntary. In the context of induced crop rotation and fallow, ecological subsidies significantly increased farmers' willingness to participate (p‐value <.001). Conversely, in voluntary contexts, resource endowment had a significantly positive impact on crop rotation behaviour (p‐value <.1), whereas path dependence and policy awareness significantly constrained fallow behaviour (p‐value <.05). The impact of ecological subsidies on farmers' crop rotation and fallow behaviour varied significantly across different ecological regions, with other factors also exhibiting notable heterogeneity. The results of this research offer valuable guidance for the implementation of future crop rotation and fallow programmes. Additionally, they provide insights into the relationship between ecological subsidy systems and farmers' welfare in other underdeveloped areas, suggesting improvements and offering new perspectives for further research.
Utilization of IGN historical aerial photographs and Google earth for measuring changes in land use and evolution of termite lenticular mound abundance in paddy fields in Cambodia
Authors: Muon Ratha , Zaiss Rainer , Lao Chanrithy , Ann Vannak , Jouquet Pascal
Published: November 2024

This study was conducted to investigate termite mounds' dynamics in paddy fields in Cambodia. Historical aerial images collected in the 50s by the French Institut Géographique National (IGN) and recent Google Earth (GE) were analysed to study land use changes and mound distribution in 30 plots. A significant decrease in the surface covered by scrublands and forests was measured (from 37% in 1953 to less than 2% in 2021). We observed that most mounds seen in the field in 2021 could also be seen in IGN and GE images (88.6%), indicating that mounds have a long lifespan but also that they can be built in less than 70 years. Mound density was neither influenced by the topography nor by the restructuring of the paddy field boundaries during the Khmer Rouge regime. However, areas that were more recently converted into paddy fields had more mounds compared to areas that were already paddy fields in 1953 (2.92 vs. 1.53 mounds ha−1, respectively). Therefore, deforestation and other environmental changes have turned mounds into remnants of the forests that had almost completely disappeared. This highlights the importance of protecting these specific environments in a changing world facing a major crisis of biodiversity loss.
TaWRKY24 integrates the tryptophan metabolism pathways to participate in defense against Fusarium crown rot in wheat
Authors: Xu Xing , Yu Tai‐Fei , Wei Ji‐Tong , Ma Xiao‐Fei , Liu Yong‐Wei , Zhang Jin‐Peng , Zheng Lei , Hou Ze‐Hao , Chen Jun , Zhou Yong‐Bin , Chen Ming , Ma Jian , Jiang Yun‐Feng , Ji Hu‐Tai , Li Li‐Hui , Ma You‐Zhi , Zhang Zhi‐An , Xu Zhao‐Shi
Published: November 2024

Wheat growth process has been experiencing severe challenges arising from the adverse environment. Notably, the incidence of Fusarium crown rot (FCR), a severe soil‐borne disease caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum (Fp), has significantly intensified in various wheat‐growing regions, resulting in a decline in grain yield. However, the identification of wheat varieties and the exploration of effective gene resources resistant to FCR have not yet been accomplished. Here, we screened and identified the tryptophan metabolism pathway to participate in wheat resistance to FCR by correlation analysis between transcriptome and metabolome, and found that indole‐3‐acetaldehyde (IAAld) and melatonin, two key metabolites in the tryptophan metabolic pathway, were significantly accumulated in Fp‐induced wheat stem bases. Interestingly, exogenous application of these two metabolites could significantly enhance wheat resistance against Fp. Additionally, we observed that the activity of TaALDHase, a crucial enzyme responsible for catalyzing IAAld to produce indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA), was inhibited. Conversely, the activity of TaMTase, a rate‐limiting involved in melatonin biosynthesis, was enhanced in the Fp‐induced wheat transcriptome. Further analysis showed that TaWRKY24 could regulate IAA and melatonin biosynthesis by inhibiting the expression of TaALDHase and enhancing the transcription of TaMTase, respectively. Silencing of TaALDHase could significantly increase wheat resistance to FCR. However, interference with TaWRKY24 or TaMTase could decrease wheat resistance to FCR. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the crucial role of the tryptophan metabolism pathway in conferring resistance against FCR in wheat, thereby expanding its repertoire of biological functions within the plant system.
Risk of introducing Zika virus in the Canadian cord blood supply: A risk analysis
Authors: Lewin Antoine , O'Brien Sheila F. , Seftel Matthew , Latour Catherine , Allan David , Chouinard Marie‐Claude , Fournier Diane , Renaud Christian
Published: November 2024

Background

In Canada, as many as 24% of mothers are deferred from cord blood (CB) donation due to risk factors for Zika virus (ZIKV). However, the ZIKV epidemic has waned considerably since 2016, and there has not been any report of ZIKV transmission by CB transplantation, which questions this policy. Thus, we performed an analysis of the risk of introducing ZIKV in the CB supply maintained by Héma‐Québec (HQ) and Canadian Blood Services (CBS).

Study Design and Methods

This simulation considered the following parameters: the risk of travel exposure in a high‐risk ZIKV country, the duration of travel, the daily risk of acquiring ZIKV in a high‐risk country, the probability of materno‐fetal ZIKV transmission, the probability of asymptomatic fetal viremia, and the probability of sexual transmission. A hundred million Monte Carlo simulations were run.

Results

In the most‐likely scenario (probability of traveling to a high‐risk ZIKV country while pregnant = 0.178), the risk was estimated at 0.9 ZIKV‐positive donations per million donations (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.4–1.6)—or one every 868 years at HQ and one every 453 years at CBS. In the pessimistic model (probability of traveling to a high‐risk ZIKV country while pregnant = 0.240), the risk was estimated at 1.2 ZIKV‐positive donations per million donations (95% CI = 0.6–2.1)—or one every 644 years at HQ and one every 340 years at CBS.

Discussion

We conclude that the risk of introducing ZIKV in the Canadian CB supply is too small to justify maintaining the current policy.
Why is the Roy–Borjas model unable to predict international migrant selection on education? Evidence from urban and rural Mexico
Authors: Leopold Stefan , Ruhose Jens , Wiederhold Simon
Published: November 2024

The Roy–Borjas model predicts that international migrants are less educated than nonmigrants because the returns to education are generally higher in developing (migrant‐sending) countries than in developed (migrant‐receiving) countries. However, empirical evidence often contradicts this prediction, even when comparing migrants from different regions of the same country. Specifically, whilst Mexicans migrating to the United States from urban areas are negatively selected based on education, those from rural areas are positively selected – despite similar returns in both regions. Leveraging this setting, we demonstrate that the inconsistency between theory and evidence can be resolved by assessing migrants' human capital using a two‐dimensional measure of occupational skills rather than educational attainment. Our findings caution against using positive migrant selection on education as evidence to reject the Roy–Borjas framework for explaining international migration.
Exploring the imperative of “relational documentary”: Process, power, and unruly collaboration in media production on Palestine
Authors: Bishara Amahl
Published: November 2024

Becoming an anthropologist of Palestine during the War on Terror meant that the specter of violence and exclusion always loomed over my research; yet I had become an anthropologist out of a commitment to presence in and engagement with people from the Middle East. I investigate the ways in which Faye Ginsburg's approach to studying polarizing issues, her analysis of Indigenous media, and her commitment to ethical collaboration has shaped my written and video work. In the first part of the paper, I discuss how reflexivity and positionality propelled me forward in an ethnographic study of journalistic production. In the second half, I reflect on collaborative film projects that illuminated themes of risk and positionality that are at the heart of politics and media production in Palestine. The model of “relational documentary” analyzed by Ginsburg that considers ethics and politics both on and off screen informs my approach to the obligations of long‐running partnerships. Just as much, Ginsburg's commitment to play and creativity allowed me to imagine unexpected explorations of mobility, voice, and place to ask what we can do, working across lines of difference, to be able to hear each other and make space for each other to be heard.
Outcomes and Perioperative Complications of Surgical Resection on Canine Carotid Paragangliomas (21 Cases): A Veterinary Society of Surgical Oncology Study
Authors: Paskoff Kathryn Marie , Matz Brad , Fournier Quentin , Aisa Josep , Oblak Michelle L. , Bray Jonathan , Linden Daniel
Published: November 2024

Carotid body paragangliomas represent an uncommon neoplasm in dogs. The objective of this study was to report outcomes and complications associated with surgical excision of carotid body paragangliomas in 21 dogs. Cases were recruited retrospectively via medical record review from 9 veterinary speciality centres. The perioperative complication rate was 52% (11/21). Complications encountered in this cohort related to removal of carotid body tumour included airway obstruction, aspiration pneumonia, megaesophagus, unilateral laryngeal paralysis, coughing and Horner's syndrome. The overall perioperative mortality rate was 4.7% (1/21 dogs) and median survival time was 554 days for the six patients with known dates of death. One‐ and two‐year survival rates were 61% and 42%, respectively. This is the largest collection of carotid body paraganglioma cases reported in veterinary literature. Based on these results, surgical resection of carotid body paragangliomas was associated with low perioperative mortality and long survival times.
Cross-country variation in psychophysiological responses to traffic noise exposure: Laboratory experiments in India and the UK
Authors: Manohare Manish , Aletta Francesco , Oberman Tin , Elangovan Rajasekar , Parida Manoranjan , Kang Jian
Published: November 2024

Traffic noise exposure has detrimental effects on human health, including both auditory and nonauditory impacts. As one such nonauditory factor, individuals and communities in different countries may exhibit different patterns of noise sensitivity and corresponding tolerance levels, leading to a change in overall noise perception. This paper investigated the cross-country differences in psychophysiological responses to traffic noise exposure between Indian and British individuals. A psychophysiological signal-based [heart rate variability (HRV) and skin conductance response (SCR)] listening experiment was conducted in India and the United Kingdom to analyze changes in noise perception and psychophysiological responses resulting from exposure to the same noise stimuli. HRV analysis indicated greater cardiovascular impact in the British group due to a significant increase in heart rate (W = 653, p < 0.01). Also, a significant increase in the SCR (W = 535, p < 0.001) was noted, indicating a greater level of physiological stress among British participants due to traffic noise stimuli. These findings highlight the difference in noise perception due to cross-country variation using psychophysiological responses. Understanding these cross-country differences can inform targeted interventions and policies to mitigate the adverse effects of traffic noise on human well-being.
Flight-Time Method Modified: Development of a Novel and More Accurate Method for Measuring Vertical Jump Height Using a Smartphone Application
Authors: Nishioka Takuya , Yamaguchi Shota , Inami Takayuki
Published: November 2024

Purpose: The flight-time method (FT) is used for measuring vertical jump height (JH) in the field because of its convenience; however, FT overestimates JH when the lower limb is flexed at landing. Herein, we proposed a new method (ie, flight-time method modified [FTM]) to address the problem of FT and evaluate its validity and reliability. Methods: A total of 24 men performed 6 countermovement jumps on force plates (sampling rate: 1000 Hz) while being recorded with a smartphone high-speed camera at 240 frames·s–1. JH was calculated by the impulse–momentum method (IM), FT, and FTM. For FTM, the flight time and JH were calculated based on the displacement of the greater-trochanter marker using a smartphone application. Results: JH calculated using FT was significantly higher (P < .001) compared with JH calculated by IM; however, JH calculated by FTM showed no significant difference with JH calculated by IM. Furthermore, JH calculated by FTM, compared with JH calculated by FT (ρ = .882; 95% CI, .838–.914), exhibited a stronger, nearly perfect, and significantly positive correlation (ρ = .987; 95% CI, .982–.991) with JH calculated by IM and showed high reliability. Conclusions: The FTM proposed in this study had higher concurrent validity compared with FT and a high reliability for measuring countermovement JH because it was not affected by lower-extremity flexion at landing. Therefore, practitioners should consider using FTM as a convenient, low-cost, reliable, and more valid method for measuring JH in the field.
Contextual Measurement of Sources of Exercise Amotivation: The Revised Amotivation Toward Exercise Scale-2
Authors: Vlachopoulos Symeon P.
Published: November 2024

The aim of the study was to modify the Amotivation Toward Exercise Scale-2 by dropping the outcome amotivation beliefs subscale while retaining the capacity, effort, value, and task characteristics amotivation beliefs. Data from 515 Greek nonexerciser adults aged 19–64 years and 399 Greek nonexerciser older adults aged 65–82 years, men and women, supported the latent four-factor structure of the Revised Amotivation Toward Exercise Scale-2 scores within each sample separately. The hierarchical model was also supported. Measurement invariance of Revised Amotivation Toward Exercise Scale-2 scores was supported across groups of gender, age, body mass index, and educational levels within adults and older adults. Configural measurement invariance supported a replicable factor structure across adults and older adults. Metric and strong invariance was supported across middle-aged and older adults but not between younger and older adults. Full measurement invariance was supported between younger and middle-aged adults.
Anterior segment ischaemia following insertion of a PreserFlo Micro-Shunt with mitomycin-C for uncontrolled open angle glaucoma
Authors: Ali Ali Ibrahim Ali Hassan , Malick Huzaifa
Published: November 2024

To our knowledge, this is the first report of anterior segment ischaemia after PreserFlo Micro-Shunt insertion surgery. Our patient developed anterior chamber (AC) activity and keratic precipitates 1 week after surgery. Five weeks after surgery, examination revealed a shallow AC, a distorted pupil with posterior synechiae and surface iris neovascularisation. Ocular ischaemic syndrome was excluded after performing fundus fluorescein angiography and carotid Doppler ultrasound. The patient responded well to frequent topical steroids and atropine eye drops. 10 weeks postoperatively, the iris neovascularisation had completely regressed with a deep and quiet AC and diffuse filtering bleb with an intraocular pressure of 10 mm Hg without using any pressure-lowering drops. Proposed steps to minimise future incidence of anterior segment ischaemia include avoidance of peri-limbal cautery, controlled use of mitomycin-C application and avoidance of extensive superior fornix dissection.