bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fifty years of the Centre for Balkan Studies of the Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Govedarica Blagoje
Published: March 2023

Balkanology has long tradition in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Beginnings and development of balkanology are closely linked to the strong wave of Europeanization and modernization of the entire life that flooded this area with the arrival of Austro-Hungarian rule in the late 19th century. Institute for Balkan research founded already in 1904 by the visionary Karl Patschis the first institution of this kind in Southeast Europe. Although it was not long-lived, the activity of the Institute, in particular continuous activity of its parent organization, the National Museum, have greatly contributed that Sarajevo became an important centre of new research ideas and aspirations in the region. The emergence of the Centre for Balkan Studies of theAcademy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina should be considered in this context. The establishment of this institution in 1963 was a major innovation in the field of balkanology, but this certainly would not have happened if there was not a long and valuable experience from the previous period. The Centre for Balkan Studies from the beginningconceived as an interdisciplinary institution that deals with the study and presentation of the cultural history of the Balkans, from prehistory to the modern age. The Centre’s full organizational structure consists of a working core in the Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, specialists from the balkanology disciplines – director and regular members,leading scientists in the domain of archaeology, history, linguistics, ethnology and anthropology, from  different institutions of former Yugoslavia, Balkans  and Europe. Thanks to this organization Centre was  able to activate eminent associates not only in the local  context, but also to a far wider area. Scientific programs  are designed and carried out in cooperation of the working core and the members, which ensures systematic interdisciplinary communication and reaches a high level and broad scope of scientific work. The main activity of the Centre is carried out within the scientific research projects that involvefield research, creating the documentation’s centres, organization of scientific meetings and publications that present results of those activities to scientific and wider public. So far, six extensive field research in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Serbia were conducted, 17 thematic meetings and conferences were held, 41 volume of Godišnjak with 559 articles and contributions,24 special editions and monographs, and 5-volume edition Prehistory of Yugoslav Countries were published, while Spiritual culture Illyrians cartulary was created and prepared for digitalization. About these activities will be further discussed in the entitled article.
Archaeological Researches on the Processes of Ethnogenesis in the Western Balkan’s Prehistory: Possibilities and Limitations
Authors: Kaljanac Adnan
Published: March 2023

Ethno-genetic studies of prehistoric communities are present from the period of the renaissance antiquarians to the first moments of the modern science formation in the late nineteenth century. During this period in the archaeological research a full range of scientific tools for studying the chronological and typological aspects of material culture developed,and the most important step towards ethno-genetic discourse by forming the concept of archaeological cultures as methodological categories remained present in terms of archaeology is accomplished at the beginning of the XXI century. Archaeological culture is equated with ethnic communities, precisely historical categories. During the second half of the twentieth century in the former Yugoslavia under the influence of German methodological approach, question of the ethno-genetic  research has begun its peak from the First Congress  of archaeologists Yugoslavia in Niška Banja, and reached the peak of its development within the work of the Centre for Balkan Studies (CBI) of the Academyof Science and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina. European archaeology has experienced a similar development and a loss of interest at the end of the twentieth century. By the S. Jones’ work The Archaeology of Ethnicity Constructing identities in the past and present studying ethno-genetic processes in Europe revived again. Within the re-actualization of this issuein the archaeological discourse the question of whether and under what methodological framework or integration with other sciences, opportunities for further development ethno-genetic research in the Western Balkans exists. In that sense, in terms ofmodern archaeology lays one of the most important issues of the relation between traditional archaeology and its interpretations towards problem of the integration with population’s genetics, as well as the traditional unanswered question of whether one archaeological culture at the same time represents a particular ethnic group.
Revisiting the Fundamentals of Untargeted Data Analysis with Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (GC×GC): With Great Peak Capacity, There Must Also Come Great Responsibility
Authors: Hantao Leandro Wang
Published: March 2023

This article provides a general overview of untargeted analysis using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC), while revisiting some fundamental aspects of method development. The original definition of chemometrics is also revised according to the latest developments of the field. We discuss how GC×GC has become an important backbone for new strategies in separation science, especially in multivariate data analysis. The concept of pixel is also revisited, as an important pixel-based data processing method, namely the Fisher ratio proposed by Synovec and coworkers, has been successfully implemented in important software for GC×GC.
LES ENJEUX ETHIQUES DANS LA PRISE EN CHARGE DES PATIENTS SANS COUVERTURE MALADIE EN SOINS PRIMAIRES : ETUDE QUALITATIVE AUPRES DE PROFESSIONNELS DES SOINS PREMIERS
Authors: KHOUANI J , MOSTEGHANEMI SIMONETTI D , AADIL S , THERY D , LUTAUD R
Published: March 2023

Introduction. Depuis 2010, l’Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) rappelle la nécessité d’offrir à la population une couverture sanitaire universelle. En 2021, La France n’avait toujours pas atteint cet objectif. Ce constat de l’OMS est partagé par le monde associatif et institutionnel français. L’exercice médical auprès des personnes n’ayant pas de couverture maladie est source de nombreux dilemmes éthiques. Il n’y avait pas, dans la littérature, d’étude s’intéressant directement aux acteurs des soins primaires. Objectif. Interroger des professionnels des soins premiers sur les questionnements éthiques suscités par la prise en charge de patients sans couverture maladie. Méthode. Étude qualitative s’appuyant sur des entretiens collectifs par focus groups et des entretiens individuels semi-directifs réalisés entre janvier 2020 et juillet 2021. Résultats. La prise en charge de patients sans couverture maladie confronte le soignant à une prise de décision au vécu émotionnel variable. Cette variation est influencée par sa perception des responsabilités inhérentes à cette situation (responsabilité du patient, responsabilité du contexte politico-juridique). Cette perception et ce vécu émotionnel impactent directement ses prises de décisions. Le soignant se heurte ainsi à un exercice du soin où la synthèse des quatre principes éthiques est périlleuse. Conclusion. Si le professionnel donne du sens à ses émotions et les intègre dans sa posture professionnelle, elles catalyseront en retour ses décisions en sorte de concilier les quatre principes éthiques.
CABINET DE MEDECINE GENERALE : OU EN SOMMES NOUS AVEC LE REGLEMENT GENERAL SUR LA PROTECTION DES DONNEES
Authors: ZERHOUI L , MESSAADI W , CALAFIORE M , DELEPLANQUE D , BAYEN S , MESSAADI N
Published: March 2023

Introduction. Le règlement général sur la protection des données (RGPD) est entré en vigueur en 2018 et est applicable aux médecins généralistes (MG). Il n’y a pas de travaux disponibles sur les pratiques de sécurité informatique des MG. Objectifs. Réaliser un état des lieux des différentes pratiques en lien avec la sécurité des données en médecine générale, dans le cadre du RGPD. Méthode. Étude descriptive transversale sur 50 MG du Nord-Pas-de-Calais avec entretiens de type directif. Résultats. Peu de médecins interrogés connaissaient le RGPD et aucun ne pouvait se déclarer conforme au RGPD. Les plus grosses problématiques étaient la gestion des mots de passe, la communication entre professionnels de santé de manière sécurisée et la mise à jour du matériel informatique. Conclusion. La mise en conformité au RGPD est possible. L’amélioration de la situation actuelle passerait par une prise de conscience par les MG de l’importance de la sécurité des données et des conséquences pour leurs patients
VACCINATION CONTRE LA COQUELUCHE A CHAQUE GROSSESSE
Authors: BACON T
Published: March 2023

Depuis avril 2022, la Haute Autorité de santé (HAS) recommande de vacciner les femmes enceintes contre la coqueluche à chaque grossesse à partir du deuxième trimestre, en privilégiant la période de 20 à 36 semaines d’aménorrhée (SA). Le taux d’anticorps anticoquelucheux décroît rapidement après la vaccination. La vaccination des femmes à chaque grossesse doit permettre la protection des nourrissons dans l’attente de leur propre vaccination1. Le territoire de Mayotte faisait déjà l’objet d’une recommandation équivalente depuis 20181. En France, entre 2000 et 2017, un nombre moyen annuel de 2,6 décès par an a été attribué à la coqueluche chez les nourrissons de 10 jours à 2 mois. La létalité de la coqueluche est comprise entre 1 et 3 % des cas déclarés3. Les nourrissons de moins de 6 mois représentent 90 % des cas mortels de coqueluche en France. Une contamination intrafamiliale est retrouvée dans la plupart des cas de coqueluche chez les nourrissons (par les parents, en particulier les mères, ou la fratrie)1...
SITUATIONS DE DEPART ET ATTENDUS D APPRENTISSAGE EN DEUXIEME CYCLE DES ETUDES MEDICALES : COMMENT UTILISER CES NOUVEAUX REFERENTIELS EN MEDECINE GENERALE ?
Authors: THEBAULT J-L , KADLUB N , REGENT A , BERNARD P , DELPECH R , KHOUANI J , LORENZO M , MAYNIE-FRANCOIS C , POUILLON M , PY T , ROGER S , ZUMSTEIN C , GHASAROSSIAN C , LE BEL J
Published: March 2023

La réforme du deuxième cycle des études médicales introduit une approche par compétences dans la formation et l’évaluation des étudiants. Elle se fonde sur un référentiel de connaissances hiérarchisées composé de 367 items et un référentiel de compétence qui comporte 7 compétences génériques et 356 situations de départ (SDD). Chaque SDD contient une liste d’attendus d’apprentissage qui sont les tâches que l’étudiant doit réaliser face à cette situation. Les SDD peuvent être à la base de plusieurs modalités de formation ou d’évaluation. En premier lieu, elles doivent utilisées par les maîtres de stage pour accompagner l’étudiant dans l’acquisition du niveau de compétences attendu, en utilisant les SDD les plus prévalentes en médecine générale. Elles doivent également être utilisées comme point de départ pour la conception d’examens cliniques objectifs et structurés (ECOS) ou la rédaction d’épreuves d’examens écrits. Il est donc important que les maîtres de stage et les enseignants de médecine générale s’approprient dès maintenant ce référentiel qui apporte des changements importants dans la formation des étudiants de deuxième cycle des études médicales.
L INTEGRATION D UN OUTIL PEDAGOGIQUE INTERACTIF LORS D UN ENSEIGNEMENT A DISTANCE : QUEL INTERET POUR LES ETUDIANTS ?
Authors: RAJAONAH A , CAMPAGNE L , KORSIA-MEFFRE S , RUELLE Y , MERCIER A , ASTRUC A
Published: March 2023

La situation sanitaire liée à la pandémie de Covid-19 a contraint les enseignants des facultés de médecine à adopter de nouvelles modalités pédagogiques. La réalisation d’enseignements à distance peut accroître les difficultés d’interaction entre les enseignants et les étudiants1. Les outils pédagogiques interactifs (OPI) utilisent les technologies numériques qui facilitent la communication : ils pourraient améliorer l’interactivité et mieux impliquer les étudiants lors de l’enseignement. L’objectif de cet article est de partager l’expérience de l’utilisation d’un OPI lors d’un enseignement dirigé (ED) à distance de médecine générale.
ANALISIS DAMPAK WISATA TERHADAP PENDAPATAN DESA DAN KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: Haryati Yati , Matori Imam
Published: March 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana dampak wisata Sukageri View dalam meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Pemerintah Desa dan kesejahteraan masyarakat Desa Cisantana, serta apa saja kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang, dan ancaman wisata Sukageri View. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menyajikan data dalam bentuk deskripsi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan narasumber antara lain Pemerintah Desa Cisantana, masyarakat lokal Desa Cisantana, pengelola wisata, dan pengunjung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan wisata Sukageri View mampu memberikan dampak dalam meningkatkan Pendapatan Pemerintah Desa dan Kesejahteraan masyarakat Desa Cisantana. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan pendapatan dari sektor pariwisata yang terus meningkat dan kesadaran akan pendidikan dari masyarakat serta daya beli masyarakat yang semakin meningkat. Kekuatan utama wisata ini adalah keindahan alam, kelemahan lahan kering, peluang wisata dengan konsep ekowisata, dan ancaman hadirnya wisata baru di Desa Cisantana.
ANALISIS MALWARE DENGAN METODE DINAMIK MENGGUNAKAN FRAMEWORK CUCKOO SANDBOX
Authors: Novansyah Hairil , Sutabri Tata
Published: March 2023

Di era revolusi 4.0 yang menerapkan teknologi otomatis dan pertukaran data dalam teknologi manufaktur. Penerapan industri 4.0 di Indonesia dapat ditemui di berbagai bidang industri, salah satunya yaitu bidang teknologi informasi. Perkembangan revolusi 4.0 ini mempunyai dampak positif di bidang informasi, yang memudahkan tiap individu untuk mendapatkan informasi dimana saja. Namun, hal ini juga memiliki dampak negative yaitu munculnya berbagai macam tindak kejahatan siber, seperti penyebaran malware. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis karakteristik malware yang ditemukan pada jaringan Institut Teknologi Pagar Alam. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Dynamic Analysis dan menggunakan tool Cuckoo Sandbox, sehingga tidak ada resiko untuk terinfeksi malware. Berdasarkan Analisa yang dilakukan tentang karakteristik dari malware, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat signature, string, dan perubahan pada value registry.
Distinction of Pseudoprogression and Progression in Glioblastoma Multiforme After Treatment: Utility of Ratio of Decrease in rCBV and rCBF Values on Serial Perfusion MRIs
Authors: ŞAHİN Olgun , ŞAHİN Hilal , ÇALLI Mehmet Cem
Published: March 2023

Aim: To assess the value of perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (pMRI) in the differentiation of early pseudoprogression from true progression in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients taking Temozolomide (TMZ) with radiotherapy (RT) treatment. Materials and Methods: Pre-RT and post-RT cranial pMRI scans of 23 GBM patients treated with RT-TMZ were reviewed. Relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of the residual enhancing lesions were measured on serial pMRI scans and proportioned. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to determine a threshold ratio of decrease in rCBV and rCBF. Results: There were nine patients (39%) with signs of radiological progression, of whom six (67%) had real progression and three (33%) had pseudoprogression based on follow-up MRI studies, clinical parameters and/or pathology. Ratio of decrease was 2.928 in rCBV and 2.510 in rCBF in the pseudoprogression group, which were significant according to Mann-Whitney U test (p=0.02). Cut-off ratio of decrease value of 1.73 for rCBV and 1.62 for rCBF between pre-RT and post-RT pMRI study, could differentiate the presence of early pseudoprogression with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity.
Conclusion: Ratio of decrease in rCBV and rCBF is a reliable predictor of early pseudoprogression in GBM patients under RT-TMZ treatment.
An Evaluation of Ranking-to-Learn Approaches for Test Case Prioritization in Continuous Integration
Authors: Lima Jackson Antonio do Prado , Regina Vergilio Silvia
Published: March 2023

Continuous Integration (CI) environments is a practice adopted by most organizations that allows frequent integration of software changes, making software evolution more rapid and cost-effective. Such environments require dynamic Test Case Prioritization (TCP) approaches that adapt better to the test budgets and frequent addition/removal of test cases. In this sense, Ranking-to-Learn approaches have been proposed and are more suitable for CI constraints. By observing past prioritizations and guided by reward functions, they learn the best prioritization for a given commit. In order to contribute for improvements and direct future research, this work evaluates how far the solutions produced by these approaches are from optimal solutions produced by a deterministic approach (ground truth). To this end, we consider two learning-based approaches i) RETECS, which is based on Reinforcement Learning; and ii) COLEMAN, an approach based on Multi-Armed Bandit. The evaluation was conducted with twelve systems, three test budgets, two reward functions, and six measures concerning fault detection effectiveness, early fault detection, test time reduction in the CI cycles, prioritization time, and accuracy. Our findings have some implications for the approaches application and reward function choice. The approaches are applicable in real scenarios and produce solutions very close to the optimal ones, respectively, in 92% and 75% of the cases. Both approaches have some limitations to learn with few historical test data (a small number of CI Cycles) and deal with a large test case set, in which many failures are distributed over many test cases.
Suporte a Tolerância a Falhas no Ambiente de Programação DPC++
Authors: Pilla Maurício Lima , Barreto Marcos Ennes , Santos Rafael R. dos , Cavalheiro Gerson G. H. , Navaux Philippe O. A.
Published: March 2023

Este trabalho apresenta o suporte a Tolerância a Falhas para o ambiente de programação DPC++. O mecanismo que está sendo implementado atualmente é constituído por um algoritmo de criação e recuperação de checkpoints, o qual permite a um programa realizar recuperação automática de falhas de um objeto distribuído, aumentando a confiabilidade da aplicação. As aplicações DPC++ são geradas através do pré-compilador DPC++, o qual possibilita que aplicações utilizem o mecanismo de tolerância a falhas de modo transparente ao usuário.
Reintegração de Servidores em um Sistema de Replicação de Arquivos
Authors: Pasin Marcia , Weber Taisy Silva
Published: March 2023

Sistemas distribuídos representam uma plataforma ideal para implementação de sistemas computacionais com alta confiabilidade e disponibilidade devido a redundância fornecida por um grande número de estações interligadas. Falhas em uma estação servidora podem ser contornadas pela reconfiguração do sistema. Entretanto, falhas em sequência que afetem múltiplas estações comprometem não apenas o desempenho do sistema, mas também a continuidade do serviço e sua confiabilidade. Servidores falhos, que tenham sido isolados do sistema, devem ser reintegrados tão logo quanto possível. Este artigo trata de sistemas de arquivos replicados e da reintegração de servidores nestes sistemas. É assumido um ambiente distribuído que garante alta confiabilidade em aplicações convencionais através da técnica de replicação de arquivos.
Um Esquema de Injeção de Defeitos Baseado em Operadores de Mutação
Authors: Nakagawa Elisa Yumi , Maldonado José Carlos
Published: March 2023

A Injeção de Defeitos (Fault Injection) é uma técnica que vem sendo utilizada para a construção de sistemas que precisam ser altamente confiáveis. Para a sistematização dessa técnica, a utilização de taxonomias ou modelos de defeitos tem um papel fundamental. Neste artigo é proposto um esquema de injeção de defeitos baseado nos operadores de mutação do critério de teste Análise de Mutantes.
Injeção de falhas em protocolos tolerantes a falhas utilizando a arquitetura Ferry clip
Authors: Araujo Marcos Renato Rodrigues , Martins Eliane
Published: March 2023

Na validação de protocolos tolerantes a falhas são necessários testes que validem seus mecanismos de tolerância a falhas. Para isto um dos métodos utilizados é a injeção de falhas via software, dada sua simplicidade e baixo custo de desenvolvimento. Estes testes são chamados de testes de tolerância à falhas neste contexto. Este artigo descreve uma ferramenta que está sendo desenvolvida para permitir realizar testes de tolerância à falhas de implementações de protocolos de comunicação. Esta ferramenta utiliza uma variação da arquitetura Ferry clip, modificada com o propósito de permitir a realização de testes de tolerância à falhas.
Sistema de Controle de Trens - Desenvolvimento de uma Aplicação Simulada para Tolerância a Falhas
Authors: Minghelli Marcelo André , Denardin Fernanda Kruel , Jansch-Pôrto Ingrid
Published: March 2023

Este artigo apresenta um tópico experimental em desenvolvimento no projeto de “sistemas distribuídos de alta confiabilidade para aplicações críticas”. O aspecto abordado constitui-se em um enfoque preliminar da aplicação que será utilizada para testes das técnicas e ferramentas estudadas e desenvolvidas no decorrer do projeto. Como aplicação básica optou-se por trabalhar com um sistema de controle de trens, que na vida prática enquadra-se na classe de aplicações críticas, atuando no transporte de pessoas ou cargas, onde qualquer tipo de perda ou acidente é totalmente indesejável. Será apresentado como o sistema foi projetado e desenvolvido até o presente momento e o estado atual de desenvolvimento da simulação deste.
Substituição Dinâmica de Classes com Validação de Objetos
Authors: Haetinger Werner , Lisbôa Maria Lúcia Blanck
Published: March 2023

A necessidade de evolução de software é uma realidade presente em todos os sistemas de computação, seja para alterar ou adicionar funcionalidades. Um importante aspecto a considerar é a possibilidade de antecipar, ainda na fase de projeto, os tipos de alterações que o software poderá sofrer durante a sua fase operacional. A antecipação permite construir componentes de software que isolem os aspectos sujeitos a alterações, de forma a facilitar a sua substituição por uma nova versão. O sistema de substituição dinâmica aqui apresentado utiliza o modelo de objetos para a construção de componentes encapsulados e emprega reflexão computacional para hospedar técnicas de tolerância a falhas, visando assegurar a manutenção da confiabilidade da nova versão do software.
Detecção de Falha para Redes de Larga Escala no Fault-Tolerant CORBA
Authors: Lung Lau Cheuk , Fraga Joni da Silva
Published: March 2023

Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de extensão da especificação do serviço de detecção de falha do padrão FF CORBA [OMG99]. A motivação disso, é que muitos dos requisitos de tolerância falha para sistemas de larga-escala, tal como a internet, ainda não foram discutidos, de forma precisa, nessa especificação. A solução proposta visa atender aos requisitos de sistemas de larga escala (inerentemente assíncronos). Um protocolo de acordo baseado em voto majoritário é adaptado de forma a melhor se adequar à especificação FT CORBA.
Using Common Knowledge to Improve Fixed-Dependency-After-Send
Authors: Garcia Islene C. , Buzato Luiz E.
Published: March 2023

Checkpoint patterns that enforce the rollbak-dependency trackability (RDT) property allow effcient solutions to the determination of consistent global checkpoints that include a given set of checkpoints. Fixed-Dependency-After-Send (FDAS) is a well-known RDT protocol that forces the dependency vector of a process to remain unchanged during a checkpoint interval after the first message-send event. In this paper, we explore processes' common knowledge about their behavior to derive a more effcient condition to induce checkpoints under FDAS. We consider that our approach can be used to improve other RDT checkpointing protocols.
RPM: Um Sistema para Posicionar Réplicas
Authors: Zampieri André , Weber Taisy Silva , Pasin Marcia
Published: March 2023

Replicação de objetos é usada para garantir uma maior disponibilidade de recursos em um sistema distribuído. Porém, surgem problemas como o controle da consistência, o número de réplicas necessárias e onde estas réplicas devem estar posicionadas. A consistência é garantida por um protocolo de consistência de réplicas. O problema da determinação do número de réplicas e onde as mesmas devem estar posicionadas é resolvido, atualmente, de forma empírica pelos projetistas ou administradores dos sistemas. Neste artigo são abordados aspectos a serem considerados nas decisões de posicionamento automático de réplicas e é proposto um módulo gerente, o RPM, Replica Placement Manager, o qual determina onde as réplicas devem ser posicionadas, através de informações obtidas pelo monitoramento dinâmico do sistema.
A Meta-Level Software Architecture based on Patterns for Developing Dependable Collaboration-based Designs
Authors: Beder Delano M. , Rubira Cecília M. F.
Published: March 2023

The focus of this paper is the design and implementation of dependable quality requirements, and their incorporation in the description of software architecture in an explicit and structured manner. More specifically, we propose three architectural styles for developing dependable collaboration-based software designs based on three notions: (i) the idealized fault-tolerant component model, (ii) the collaboration/role interaction model, and (iii) computational reflection together with a set of design patterns that focus on providing design solutions for implementing fault tolerance techniques, namely, error handling, coordinated recovery and software redundancy. Computational reflection defines a meta-level architecture that is composed of a base level where the application’s logic is implemented and a meta level where meta components are responsible for implementing the application’s quality requirements in a way that it is transparent to application designers. Application designers can apply the notion of separation of concerns and concentrate their attention on the functional requirements, abstracting from the quality requirements.
Estratégia para teste de Máquinas Finitas de Estados Estendidas
Authors: Uber Flavio Rogério , Martins Eliane
Published: March 2023

Este artigo apresenta um método para melhorar a estratégia de geração de dados por parte da CONDADO [Sab98], uma ferramenta desenvolvida para testes baseados em máquinas finitas de estados estendidas(MFEE). Para isso pretende-se considerar os predicados associados às transições da máquina com o uso dos testes de domínios. Com essa modificação será melhorado o potencial para detecção de falhas, e ainda, será reduzido o número de casos de teste correspondentes a caminhos não executáveis.
Failure Detection in Asynchronous Distributed Systems
Authors: Macêdo Raimundo José de Araújo
Published: March 2023

Being able to detect failures is an important issue in designing fault-tolerant distributed systems. However, the actual behaviour of a system limits the ability to provide such a mechanism. From one extreme of the spectrum, synchronous systems (i.e., with bounded message transmission delay and processing times) allow for the construction of perfect failure detection based simply on local timeouts. At the other extreme, accurate failure detection cannot be developed for asynchronous systems (i.e. systems with no bounds on message transmission delays and processing times), unless some extra properties can be guaranteed, such the ones specified in a seminal article by Chandra and Toueg [1]. The present paper discusses the requirements and describes the implementations of failure detectors for two important fault-tolerant mechanisms meant to asynchronous environments: process group membership and <>S Failure Detector based distributed consensus [1]. These implementations are based on a mechanism called the Time Connectivity Indicator, introduced in this paper.
Diagnóstico em Redes de Topologia Arbitrária: Um Algoritmo Baseado em Inundação de Mensagens
Authors: Duarte Jr. Elias Procópio , Mattos Giorgia de Oliveira
Published: March 2023

Considere uma rede de computadores de topologia arbitrária. Um algoritmo de diagnóstico distribuído permite que os nodos sem falha desta rede determinem quais outros nodos da rede são alcançáveis em um determinado momento. Este trabalho apresenta um algoritmo de diagnóstico em redes de topologia arbitrária. Cada nodo da rede testa os seus vizinhos. Quando um nodo detecta a falha de um link este dissemina, em paralelo, para os seus vizinhos, uma pequena mensagem contendo três campos, o identificador dos nodos envolvidos e um contador indicando a falha, avisando-os da falha encontrada. Cada nodo, ao receber a mensagem, atualiza as informações locais de diagnóstico e dissemina a mensagem para seus vizinhos, exceto para aquele do qual a mensagem foi recebida. Quando um nodo ja conhece o evento propagado pela mensagem, esta é simplesmente descartada. Experimentos obtidos através de simulação em redes de diferentes topologias confirmam que a latência do algoritmo é a melhor possível, isto é, proporcional ao diâmetro da rede. Os experimentos mostram que o número prático de mensagens redundantes geradas é, na média, menor que o máximo possivel, isto é, o dobro do número de links.
Experiência com a Implementação de um Injetor de Falhas em Linux
Authors: Leite Fábio Olivé , Weber Taisy Silva
Published: March 2023

Este artigo trata da validação experimental de mecanismos de Tolerância a Falhas através da Injeção de Falhas, relatando a experiência obtida durante a implementação da ferramenta ComFIRM. É feita uma pequena revisão dos conceitos genéricos de Injeção de Falhas (por simulação, hardware e software) e então são dissecadas as técnicas de implementação de injetores de falhas em software, considerando suas vantagens e desvantagens. É dada especial atenção à Injeção de Falhas no nível do Sistema Operacional.
Um Sistema de Padrões para Injeção de Falhas por Software
Authors: Leme Nelson G. M. , Martins Eliane , Rubira Cecília M. F.
Published: March 2023

Sistemas computacionais tolerantes a falha tem se tomado cada vez mais numerosos e importantes. Consequentemente, testá-los e verificar se eles comportam-se adequadamente na presença de falhas também ficou mais importante. Para isso, uma técnica que tem se mostrado muito útil é a de Injeção de Falhas. Esta técnica gera falhas dentro do sistema sob teste e observa seu comportamento. A maioria das atuais ferramentas que usam essa técnica operam sob condições muito restritas, havendo portanto a necessidade de se desenvolver ferramentas que sejam mais genéricas e customizáveis. Este trabalho propõe criar um Sistema de Padrões para Injeção de Falhas por Software, de tal maneira que seja mais fácil para os desenvolvedores criarem novos programas e ferramentas que façam injeção de falhas usando os padrões descritos nesse sistema. Esses padrões irão descrever, independentemente de linguagem e ambiente, a arquitetura e estruturas necessárias para realizar injeção de falhas.
Im Angesicht des Krieges – Arendt und Habermas
Authors: Heuer Wolfgang
Published: March 2023

In ihrer Haltung zum Krieg weisen Arendt und Habermas große Unterschiede auf. Während Arendt publizistisch mit großer Emotionalität für die bewaffnete Selbstverteidigung des jüdischen Volkes gegen Hitler eintrat, warnt Habermas vor einer solchen Emotionalität und zu viel Engagement im Fall des Kriegs gegen die Ukraine. Diese unterschiedlich emotionalen Haltungen beider als Bürger spiegeln sich in ihren vermeintlich nicht emotionalen Differenzen als Theoretiker wider, beispielhaft dargestellt an Arendts »Macht und Gewalt« und der Kritik von Habermas an diesem Essay.
Was hält unsere Gesellschaft noch zusammen?
Authors: Höffe Otfried
Published: March 2023

Wie gelingt es modernen (»westlichen«) Gesellschaften, dass sie, trotz unabweisbar immenser Herausforderungen, nicht auseinanderbrechen, sondern immer noch, wenn auch manchmal nur »unter Ächzen und Stöhnen«, zusammenhalten und in vielen Bereichen und Hinsichten ein eindrucksvolles Blühen, ein wirtschaftliches, wissenschaftliches, technisches und kulturelles, selbst ein gesellschaftliches und politisches Wohlergehen zustande bringen? Auf diese Frage kommt der Essay zu dem Schluss, dass moderne Gesellschaften nicht nur trotz der religiösen und weltanschaulichen Neutralität, sondern gerade wegen ihr auch in Krisensituationen nicht auseinanderbrechen. Mit der für sie charakteristischen Offenheit und Flexibilität verfügen sie über ein Innovationspotential, einschließlich der Fähigkeit zur Selbstkorrektur, das sie, wenn auch nicht ohne gewisse Brüche und Spannungen, im Widerspruch zu den beliebten Theorien des Auseinanderbrechens befähigt, zusammenzuhalten.
Anti-Politik des Transhumanismus
Authors: Lüddecke Dirk
Published: March 2023

Der Transhumanismus verfolgt das Ziel, die biologische Evolution wissenschaftlich-technisch kontrolliert über den Menschen hinaus fortzuführen und alle Möglichkeiten des wissenschaftlich-technischen Fortschritts zu nutzen, um die Wahrscheinlichkeit des Posthumanen zu erhöhen. Diese Möglichkeiten werden einfallsreich bis phantastisch ausgemalt. Zur politischen Ordnung aber fällt dem Transhumanismus nichts ein. Hier klafft eine offensichtliche Lücke in der transhumanistischen Reflexion. Im Beitrag wird es zunächst um eine geistesgeschichtliche Einordnung des Transhumanismus gehen, der als naturalistische und technische Transformation einer metaphysischen Philosophie gelesen werden kann, die dem Menschen über zwei Jahrtausende ein erstaunliches Noch-nicht nachgesagt hat. Daran schließt sich eine Sichtung der dürftigen Ausbeute politiktheoretischer Reflexionen des Transhumanismus an. Mit einem Rückgriff auf eine frühe Demokratietheorie in der griechischen Antike soll die grundsätzliche Problematik im Verhältnis zwischen technischem Können und Fortschritt einerseits und den Gelingensbedingungen politischer Lebensteilung andererseits in Erinnerung gerufen werden. Schließlich wird sich der Transhumanismus als eine Variante (anti-)politischer Eschatologie erweisen.
Die Selbstbestimmung der Evolution? Von der Eugenik zum Transhumanismus
Authors: Hammer Dominik
Published: March 2023

Mit der modernen Eugenik, wie sie sich in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts entwickelte, entstand eine Synthese aus revolutionär-utopischen, sozialreformerischen und individuellen Ansätzen, die zur Überwindung dessen beitragen sollten, was als Krise der Moderne gesehen wurde. Aus der Idee individueller Zuchtwahl wurden schnell Programme zur erzwungenen Unfruchtbarmachung von Personen die als sozial unerwünscht erklärt wurden. Diese Zwangssterilisationsprogramme wurden in autoritären und totalitären Regimen ebenso durchgeführt wie in liberalen Demokratien. Begründet wurden sie vor allem mit dem Verweis auf die Zukunft. Das Heraufbeschwören künftiger Niedergänge oder in die Zukunft projizierte Heilsversprechen motivierten aber nicht nur Eugeniker aller Couleur, sie inspirieren auch die Transhumanisten, deren Ziel es ist, die Begrenzungen des menschlichen Körpers durch neue Technologien zu überwinden. In diesem Artikel werden die zentralen Argumente der eugenischen und der transhumanistischen Bewegung dargestellt sowie ihre Entwicklung und ihr geschichtlicher Kontext nachgezeichnet.
Das tragische Fragment als konstruktives Formprinzip in Hölderlins ›Empedokles‹-Projekt
Authors: Weiß-Sinn Elisabeth
Published: March 2023

Hölderlin’s reflections on form can be grasped with the concept of the ›principle of form‹, which transforms a fragment into a productive concept with reference to the ›logic of being produced‹ (Adorno). The tragic fragment, as a principle of form, divides tragedy and the tragic. In order to trace this moment of fragmentation in terms of its historical efficacy, this study examines the Empedocles project and presents two vignettes of impact: 1. Nietzsche’s fragment collection on Empedocles, which also indicates a moment of fragmentation and can be read as a precursor of Zarathustra; and 2. Szondi’s work on Hölderlin as a firm reevaluation of Hölderlin’s work as a philosophy of the tragic.
Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Observation of Earth’s Changes
Authors: A. Alshari Eman , W. Gawali Bharti
Published: March 2023

This chapter discusses the primary components that contribute to the observation of Earth’s changes, including Land Observation Satellites, land classification techniques and their stages of development, and Machine Learning Techniques. It will give a comprehensive summary of the development stages of high-resolution satellites. It also details land classification with artificial intelligence algorithms. It will also give knowledge of classification methodologies from various Fundamentals of Machine Learning Classifiers: Pixel-based (PB), Sub-pixel-based (SPB), Object-based (OB), Knowledge-based (KB), Rule-based (RB), Distance-based (DB), Neural-based (NB), Parameter Based (PB), object-based image analysis (OBIA). It includes several different classifiers for LULC Classification. This chapter will include two applications for land observation satellites: The first is land use and land cover change observation with a practical example (study land use and land cover classification for Sana’a of Yemen as a case study from 1980 to 2020). The second application is satellite altimetry monitoring changes in mean sea level. The most significant contributions of it are the integration of these components. This chapter will be crucial in helping future researchers comprehend this topic. It will aid them in selecting the most appropriate and effective satellites for monitoring Earth’s changes and the most efficient classifier for their research.
A Study on the Methyl and Ethylmercury Artifacts in Biological Samples Using Sodium Tetra(n-Propyl)Borate as a Derivatizing Agent
Authors: A.S. Elgazali Abdelkarem , F. Lawgali Youssef , Fawzi Gharour Hatem
Published: March 2023

Sodium tetra (n-propyl) borate was used as derivatizing agent to measure methyl and ethylmercury compounds. This study investigated the artifact formation of methyl and ethylmercury compounds during derivatization using NaBPr4, simultaneously with the influence of this artifact on methylmercury analysis in biological samples (chlor alkali hair samples). The artifact methylmercury and ethylmercury compounds during derivatization using NaBPr4 were evident and depended strongly on the amount of inorganic mercury (Hg2+) present in the sample solution for derivatization and depended on the purity of sodium tetra (n-propyl) borate reagent. The high formation rate of artifact Et-Hg (0.76–0.81% of high-level Hg2+ present) interferes strongly with the ethylmercury analysis. The rate of artifact formation of Me-Hg is small and constant at the different concentration ranges of In-Hg (0.012% of In-Hg present) and does not affect on Me-Hg analysis and it can be subtracted from this Me-Hg artifact ratio from the measured value of Me-Hg in the biological samples. However, the mathematical correction for Me-Hg measurement can be done only when the Et-Hg peak is already appearing in the chromatogram samples.
Fashion: From 3D Printing to Digital Fashion
Authors: Victória Rocha Maria
Published: March 2023

Our scope is to emphasize the massive changes brought about by 3D and 4D printing in the fashion world (now connected with augmented reality and virtual reality) by addressing the concept of 3D printing and explaining when and how it started to develop in fashion, becoming the sewing machine of the twenty-first century. It has allowed for great changes in the fashion industry, namely the appearance of more sustainable, and customized apparel and accessories, simpler logistics and less transaction costs. This requires increased creativity, because it demands the cooperation of specialists from many different areas. New and before deemed impossible shapes have arisen. The final idea of prosumer and its meaning is before us. If we add 4D printing, that is, “intelligent” materials, 3D printing enters our day lives, with wearables and smart clothes. All this raises questions regarding copyright and industrial property protection and possible infringement in those areas. Current 4D products also raise questions regarding personal data protection. We will address how to protect intellectual property and personal data in this world of digital fashion, where augmented and virtual reality play a roll of increased importance.
Small Organic Molecule as Corrosion Inhibitors for Mitigating Metal Corrosion
Authors: V. Chopda Lakha
Published: March 2023

Metal corrosion constitutes degradation of metals in the presence of favorable corrosive atmosphere. It worsens metal quality. The prevention of metal corrosion is so significant to save metals for their better utility. Corrosion inhibitors are widely used for the mitigation of metal corrosion. Small organic molecules as corrosion inhibitors are showed prominent corrosion inhibitive property because of their unique electron donating capacity to the metal orbitals. The bonding occurred between organic molecules and metals are main aspect to retard the corrosive environment toward metal.
Dental Anatomy and Morphology of Permanent Teeth
Authors: Lidia Crăciunescu Emanuela , Negruţiu Meda-Lavinia , Romînu Mihai , Codruţa Novac Andreea , Modiga Cristina , Caplar Borislav-Duşan , Sinescu Cosmin , Pop Daniela-Maria
Published: March 2023

The present chapter is proposing a detailed and illustrated description of dental morphology of permanent dentition. The main topics are related to nomenclature, age of emergence, a description of teeth’s tissues (pulp, dentin, enamel, and cement), and morphology of all permanent teeth. The main focus of this chapter is the description of individualized morphology and specific variations of each permanent tooth. The goal of all treatment phases in dental medicine is to restore the function, integrity, and morphology of the oral cavity, and all these achievements are reached through deep knowledge of dental morphology. Cavities are restored with direct dental materials, which need to be carved according to the natural shape, outlines, occlusal and proximal contacts of teeth’s morphology, reproducing also the shade and translucencies of natural teeth. The same goal dominates the prosthodontic field. It is well known in dental medicine that shape, size, and position assure the optimal function and preserve the self-maintenance of dental arches and dento-maxillary system. For esthetic, function, and self-preservation, all dental treatment fields have to first consider the dental morphology.
Current Concepts in Curative Surgery for Cystic Echinococcosis of Liver
Authors: Kniepeiss Daniela , Schemmer Peter
Published: March 2023

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) may cause unspecific symptoms like abdominal discomfort in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen due to capsule tension pain of the liver related to an increased expansion of the cyst. Further, a growing cyst may put pressure on intrahepatic bile ducts or can get direct access to the biliary system with complications like obstruction, cholangitis and fistulas. Large or rapid growing cysts may cause compression of blood vessels with thrombosis or Budd-Chiari syndrome. However, the vast majority of patients with CE of the liver is asymptomatic. CE of the liver can be cured surgically in many cases. In the past, cystectomy with resection of the pericyst components was performed as a standard. The today’s parenchymal sparing state-of-the-art surgery is endocystectomy combined with partial cystectomy. This procedure includes (i) evacuation of paracyte-derived cyst content, (ii) sterilization of the cyst wall (host) and (iii) deroofing of the cyst (partial cystectomy). Here the advantages, risks and outcomes of the surgical approaches are discussed, and the need for an interdisciplinary treatment of these patients is outlined.
Sustainable Land Development: Biodiversity, Natural Disasters, and Topographic Gradient
Authors: Fujihira Kazutoshi
Published: March 2023

Inappropriate land development has been causing various problems, such as environmental destruction, biodiversity loss, climate change, and increased natural disaster risks. Aiming to avoid such issues and achieve sustainable land development, this study shows a method of dividing a region or municipality into development-restrictive areas and allowable areas. First, it presents three significant land attributes related to judging the appropriateness of development: (1) biodiversity, (2) natural disaster risk, and (3) topographic gradient. Then, regarding these land attributes, the following three sections illustrate ways to define problematic areas for development. Section 3 examines how to delineate sites contributing more to biodiversity, considering both significant areas for biodiversity and conservation practices. The fourth section outlines ways to avoid high-risk areas from predicted climatic and tectonic hazards, aiming to reduce natural disaster risks. Section 5 examines topographic gradient standards for determining steep-sloping areas. Finally, this study demonstrates how to integrate these three kinds of spatial data in the Geographic Information System (GIS) and delineate development-restrictive areas.
Matter/Anti-Matter Propulsion
Authors: Pickrell Mark
Published: March 2023

One of the key potential technologies for generating high speeds in space is matter/anti-matter annihilation. With the Compton effect, if positrons and electrons can be annihilated in a controlled way, and in sufficient quantities, then humans are able to achieve relativistic speeds in space. This chapter describes a technology, matter/anti-matter propulsion, which is likely to enable the generation of relativistic speeds in space. To explain this technology, background information and prior efforts to promote matter/anti-matter annihilation as a propulsion source are introduced. Further, based on recent experiments conducted in the United States and Germany, the theoretical feasibility of generating relativistic speeds in space is explained. Finally, initial experiments designed to evaluate matter/anti-matter propulsion are described.
The Future of Education: Strengthening the Relevance of Lifelong Learning
Authors: Vold Tone
Published: March 2023

This chapter explores educational practices to increase work relevance in lifelong learning education programmes. The outlet of the analysis is the development of skills for change, and to lay the grounds for innovativeness and entrepreneurial behaviour in future organizations. For the Higher Education Institutions (HEI’s), there are different pathways to shape and improve on their relevance to education for the work life. We examine how higher education institutions can consolidate their position in the future by agile attention to the development of the necessary skills that promote innovative and entrepreneurial behaviour. The primary argument is a need for a dynamic co-evolving relationship between the work environment and the fine tuning of educational content and educational practices in order to bridge the gap from curriculum to work context, and the probability of a meaningful application of educational content at work. The qualitative data is collected through interviews with students and their colleagues and superiors within two different organizations in Norway. From the analysis, we suggest a conceptual model providing further details of these “relational interdependences” between educational and work factors and outline some basic underlying factors in the work environment that help shape the relevance of skills needed in work life.