bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nucleation as a rate-determining step in catalytic gas generation reactions from liquid phase systems
Authors: Solymosi Thomas , Geißelbrecht Michael , Mayer Sophie , Auer Michael , Leicht Peter , Terlinden Markus , Malgaretti Paolo , Bösmann Andreas , Preuster Patrick , Harting Jens , Thommes Matthias , Vogel Nicolas , Wasserscheid Peter
Published: November 2022

The observable reaction rate of heterogeneously catalyzed reactions is known to be limited either by the intrinsic kinetics of the catalytic transformation or by the rate of pore and/or film diffusion. Here, we show that in gas generation reactions from liquid reactants, the nucleation of gas bubbles in the catalyst pore structure represents an additional important rate-limiting step. This is highlighted for the example of catalytic hydrogen release from the liquid organic hydrogen carrier compound perhydro-dibenzyltoluene. A nucleation-inhibited catalytic system produces only dissolved hydrogen with fast saturation of the fluid phase around the active site, while bubble formation enhances mass transfer by more than a factor of 50 in an oscillating reaction regime. Nucleation can be efficiently triggered not only by temperature changes and catalyst surface modification but also by a mechanical stimulus. Our work sheds new light on performance-limiting factors in reactions that are of highest relevance for the future green hydrogen economy.
Reshuffling of the Coral Microbiome during Dormancy
Authors: Brown Anya L. , Sharp Koty , Apprill Amy
Published: November 2022

Using a high-resolution sampling time series, this study is the first to demonstrate a persistent microbial community shift with quiescence (dormancy) in a marine organism, the temperate coral
Astrangia poculata
. Furthermore, during this period of community turnover, there is a shedding of putative pathogens and copiotrophs and an enhancement of the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (
Nitrosococcales
) and archaea (“
Candidatus
Nitrosopumilus”).
Draft Genome Sequences of Antibiotic-Resistant
Serratia
sp. Strains Isolated from Raw Sewage and Sediment Sludge in Georgia, USA
Authors: Hassan Jouman , Esseili Malak A. , Mann David , Osman Marwan , Li Shaoting , Deng Xiangyu , Kassem Issmat I.
Published: November 2022

Sewage has been established as a prime matrix for monitoring the emergence and dissemination of etiologic agents and antibiotic resistance determinants in a population. Here, we report the draft genomes and the acquired resistance genes of 11 antibiotic-resistant
Serratia
sp. isolates that were detected in samples from wastewater treatment plants.
Physical Properties and Shifting of the Extracellular Membrane Vesicles Attached to Living Bacterial Cell Surfaces
Authors: Kikuchi Yousuke , Toyofuku Masanori , Ichinaka Yuki , Kiyokawa Tatsunori , Obana Nozomu , Nomura Nobuhiko , Taoka Azuma
Published: November 2022

Compared to the increasing knowledge about MV release mechanisms from donor cells, the mechanism by which recipient cells receive cargo from MVs remains unknown. Herein, we have successfully imaged single MV-binding processes in living bacterial cell surfaces.
Family Integrated Care in Uganda: a feasibility study
Authors: Duby Jessica , Kabajaasi Olive , Muteteri Judith , Kisooka Efulansi , Barth Delaney , Feeley Nancy , O'Brien Karel , Nathan Kenya-Mugisha , Tagoola Abner , Wiens Matthew O
Published: November 2022

Objective

To determine the feasibility of adapting Family Integrated Care to a neonatal hospital unit in a low-income country.

Design

Single-centre, pre/post-pilot study of an adapted Family Integrated Care programme in Uganda (UFICare).

Setting

Special Care Nursery at a Ugandan hospital.

Patients

Singleton, inborn neonates with birth weight ≥2 kg.

Interventions

As part of UFICare, mothers weighed their infant daily, assessed for severe illness (‘danger signs’) twice daily and tracked feeds.

Main outcome measures

Feasibility outcomes included maternal proficiency and completion of monitoring tasks. Secondary outcomes included maternal stress, discharge readiness and post-discharge healthcare seeking.

Results

Fifty-three mother–infant dyads and 51 mother–infant dyads were included in the baseline and intervention groups, respectively. Most mothers were proficient in the tasks 2–4 days after training (weigh 43 of 51; assess danger signs 49 of 51; track feeds 49 of 51). Mothers documented their danger sign assessments 82% (IQR 71–100) of the expected times and documented feeds 83% (IQR 71–100) of hospital days. In the baseline group, nurses weighed babies 29% (IQR 18–50) of hospitalised days, while UFICare mothers weighed their babies 71% (IQR 57–80) of hospitalised days (p<0.001). UFICare mothers had higher Readiness for Discharge scores compared with the baseline group (baseline 6.8; UFICare 7.9; p<0.001). There was no difference in maternal stress scores or post-discharge healthcare seeking.

Conclusions

Ugandan mothers can collaborate in the medical care of their hospitalised infant. By performing tasks identified as important for infant care, mothers felt more prepared to care for their infant at discharge.
Ibuprofen efficacy, tolerability and safety in obese children: a systematic review
Authors: Shamsaee Eman , Huws Alaw , Gill Andrea , McWilliam Stephen J , Hawcutt Daniel B
Published: November 2022

Objective

Childhood obesity can affect drug disposition and efficacy of ibuprofen. The primary objective was to assess efficacy of ibuprofen in obese children.

Design

A systematic review was undertaken following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses methodology. Studies were identified from 12 databases. Two independent reviewers evaluated studies against the inclusion criteria and assessed for methodological quality.

Setting

Any clinical setting.

Patients

Patients under 18 years who were overweight/obese.

Interventions

Patients taking ibuprofen for any indication, dose or regimen.

Main outcome measures

The efficacy and tolerability of ibuprofen treatment in obese children and presence of any adverse drug reactions.

Results

Searches identified 1305 studies. Four studies met inclusion criteria: three retrospective cohort studies (n=583, median age: 6 years, range: 1–18 years; n=200, median age: 11 years, range: 3–18 years; n=358 median age: 3.1 years, range: 1.2–8.5 years, respectively) and one case study. Each study differed in their method of dosing ibuprofen (weight-based, age-based and adjusted body weight dosing). Various doses were used: 5 mg/kg every 6 hours, 400 mg three times a day, 120 mg/dose and a dose calculated using adjusted body weight. One study reported efficacy (obese n=189, non-obese, n=394), where adequate pain control was achieved using 5 mg/kg. The other three studies did not determine if efficacy differed between obese and non-obese children.

One study described adverse effects. An increased risk of bleeding with ibuprofen was noted but did not differentiate between obese and non-obese children.

Conclusion

There are little published data to guide clinicians prescribing ibuprofen in obese children.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021213500.
Pyogenic brain abscess associated with an incidental pulmonary arteriovenous malformation
Authors: Ryan Kara Morgan , Siegler Eugenia
Published: November 2022

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are rare and often asymptomatic vascular anomalies that can be associated with serious neurological consequences due to right-to-left shunting. We report a case of a woman in her 80s without substantial medical history who presented with a headache, weakness and personality changes, and was found to have a pyogenic brain abscess requiring emergent neurosurgical evacuation. The abscess grew oral flora, suspected to have reached the brain via an incidentally discovered PAVM. With drainage and antibiotics, the patient achieved a full recovery and the PAVM was embolised. To our knowledge, this is the oldest presentation of a PAVM-associated brain abscess in the published literature. Older patients may present without the typical signs and symptoms of a given illness, which complicates accurate diagnosis and treatment. Primary care physicians can help facilitate timely care and positive clinical outcomes.
Combination of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Zhao Jinlong , Liang Guihong , Han Yanhong , Yang Weiyi , Xu Nanjun , Luo Minghui , Pan Jianke , Liu Jun , Zeng Ling-Feng
Published: November 2022

Objectives

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) combined with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA).

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Participants

Patients with KOA.

Interventions

Use of MSCs+PRP.

Primary and secondary outcomes

Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and adverse reactions.

Data sources

PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched from inception to 15 July 2021.

Measures

The OR or weighted mean difference (WMD) of relevant outcome indicators was calculated. Study quality was evaluated using the risk-of-bias assessment tool version 2.0. Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated by calculating I2. If I2＜50%, a fixed-effect model was applied; conversely, if I2≥50%, a random-effect model was applied.

Results

Six controlled clinical trials with 493 cases were included. The meta-analysis results showed that in terms of the VAS score 3 months after treatment, MSCs+PRP had no significant effect on the reduction of the VAS score in patients with KOA compared with the control (p=0.09), hyaluronic acid (HA) (p=0.15) or PRP alone (p=0.07). MSCs+PRP was more effective in reducing the VAS score at 6 and 12 months after treatment than the control (WMD=−0.55, 95% CI −0.87 to −0.22, p<0.001), HA (WMD=−1.20, 95% CI −2.28 to −0.13, p=0.03) or PRP alone (WMD=−0.54, 95% CI −0.89 to −0.18, p=0.003). Regarding the decrease in the total WOMAC score at 3 and 6 months after treatment, MSCs+PRP showed better clinical efficacy than the control or HA alone (p<0.01). Compared with the control, MSCs+PRP exhibited no significant difference in reducing the total WOMAC score 12 months after treatment (p=0.39). There was no significant difference between MSCs+PRP and the control in terms of improvement of the KOOS 12 months after treatment (p=0.16). Compared with MSCs alone, MSCs+PRP exhibited no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions (p=0.22) 12 months after treatment.

Conclusions

Treatment with MSCs+PRP showed good clinical efficacy in improving pain and joint function in patients with KOA. Compared with MSCs alone, there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions with MSCs+PRP.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD 42021275830.
Long-term health conditions in UK working-age adults: a cross-sectional analysis of associations with demographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial and health-related factors in an inner-city population
Authors: Stagg Anne L , Hatch Stephani , Fear Nicola T , Dorrington Sarah , Madan Ira , Stevelink Sharon A M
Published: November 2022

Objectives

To study the overall disease prevalence, and associations between demographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, and health-related factors, and self-reporting one or more long-term health conditions (LTCs) in a working-age inner-city population.

Design

Cross-sectional household-based survey with a follow-up timepoint.

Setting

South-East London Community Health survey data.

Participants

893 adults aged 16–64 years living in Lambeth and Southwark, London.

Outcome measures

Prevalence estimates of individual and multiple LTCs. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyse the association of demographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial and health-related indicators with having one and multiple LTCs at two timepoints.

Results

More than one third of participants reported at least one LTC, with the most prevalent being musculoskeletal conditions and asthma. The prevalence of one LTC at both timepoints was 20.6% and 21.4%, and of multimorbidity was 14.0% and 16.4%. At both timepoints, the 35–44 age group showed the largest increase in prevalence of one LTC compared with the preceding age group (16–34). After adjusting for age and gender, small social networks and a larger number of stressful life events were associated with increased risk of having both one and multiple LTCs. The risk of multimorbidity was greater than for initial LTCs for small social networks (3.8 (95% CI: 1.8 to 7.8) compared with 2.0 (95% CI: 1.0 to 3.9)), and three to five stressful life events (3.0 (95% CI: 1.7 to 5.3) compared with 1.5 (95% CI 1.0 to 2.2)).

Conclusions

In this study, the prevalence of multimorbidity increased more than the prevalence of one LTC between the two timepoints, indicating a progression of the overall disease prevalence over time. The 35–44 age group showed the greatest increase in the number of initial LTCs which support health-promotion interventions targeting younger age groups. Focusing on increasing social support networks and treating the psychological impact of stressful life events may also be of benefit.
Effect of compression by elastic bandages on pain and function in individuals with knee osteoarthritis: protocol of a randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: Ferrari Angelica Viana , Perea Julya Pegatin Moreno , Dantas Lucas Ogura , Silva Hugo Jário Almeida , Serrão Paula Regina Mendes da Silva , Sendín Francisco Alburquerque , Salvini Tania F
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Although compression is used to control pain in knee osteoarthritis (KOA), its clinical application is poorly supported, and there is a lack of scientific evidence to support its clinical use. As a low-cost and accessible protocol, compression using elastic bands could be a non-pharmacological intervention to reduce pain and improve physical function in individuals with KOA. This study aims to evaluate the effects of compression on pain and function in individuals with KOA.

Methods and analysis

A randomised controlled clinical trial will be conducted. Individuals with KOA (n=90; both sexes; between 40 and 75 years old) will be allocated to three groups (n=30/group): compression (compression by the elastic bandage on the affected knee, once a day for 20 min, on four consecutive days); sham (same protocol, but the elastic band is placed around the affected knee without compression) and control (no intervention). The individuals in the three groups will be evaluated 1 day before the first intervention, 1 day after the last intervention, and at the 12th and 24th weeks after the end of the intervention. Pain intensity by the Visual Analogue Scale and pain scale from Western Ontario & McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) will be the primary outcomes. The secondary variables will be physical function assessed by the WOMAC questionnaire and physical tests (step test; 30 s sit and stand test; 40 m accelerated walk test). The Global Rating of Change Scale (GRC) will also be applied to quantify the volunteers’ perceived change.

Ethics and dissemination

The project was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil (3955692). The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

NCT04724902.
Implementation and outcomes of a system-wide women’s health ‘team goal’ to reduce maternal morbidity for black women: a prospective quality improvement study
Authors: Hamm Rebecca Feldman , Howell Elizabeth , James Abike , Faizon Robert , Bloemer Tina , Cohen Jennifer , Srinivas Sindhu K
Published: November 2022

Objective

In response to the unacceptable racial disparities in US obstetric outcomes, our health system established a formal goal to reduce maternal morbidity for black women. Here, we describe our process for meeting this equity-focused goal in the context of diverse implementation climates at 5 inpatient sites.

Study design

To meet the system goal, we established a collaborative of multidisciplinary, site-based teams. The validated 18-question Implementation Climate Scale (ICS) was distributed to site clinicians at baseline. Sites focused on haemorrhage, performing case reviews of black women meeting morbidity criteria. Comparing cases by site, site-specific areas for improvement in haemorrhage risk assessment, prevention and management emerged. Evidence-based practices (EBPs) were then selected, tailored and implemented by site. Monthly system-wide team meetings included (1) metric tracking and (2) site presentations with discussions around barriers/facilitators to EBP implementation. Maternal morbidity rates among black women were compared the year before goal development (1 July 2019–30 June 2020) to the year after (1 July 2020–30 June 2021).

Results

Mean ICS scores for inpatient obstetric units differed by site (p=0.005), with climates more supportive of implementation at urban/academic hospitals. In response to case reviews, sites reported implementing 2 to 8 EBPs to meet the goal. Despite different ICS scores, this process was associated with significant reductions in maternal morbidity for black women from pregoal to postgoal development overall and at sites 1, 2 and 3, with non-statistically significant reductions at sites 4 and 5 (overall: −29.4% reduction, p<0.001).

Conclusions

A health system goal of reducing maternal morbidity for black women led to a data-driven, collaborative model for implementing site-tailored interventions. If health systems prioritise equity-focused goals, sites can be supported in implementing EBPs that improve care.
Emergent readmission and long-term mortality risk after incident atrial fibrillation hospitalisation
Authors: Weber Courtney , Hung Joseph , Hickling Siobhan , Li Ian , Murray Kevin , Briffa Tom
Published: November 2022

Objective

To assess the frequency and predictors of unplanned readmissions after hospitalisation for incident atrial fibrillation (AF) and the association of readmissions with mortality over 2 years.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study using Western Australian morbidity and mortality data to identify all patients, aged 25–94 years, who survived incident (first-ever) hospitalisation for AF (principal diagnosis), between 2001 and 2015. Ordinal logistic models determined the covariates independently associated with unplanned readmission(s), and Cox proportional hazards models with time-varying exposures determined the hazard ratios (HR) of one or more readmissions for mortality over 2 years after incident AF.

Results

Of 22 956 patients, 57.7% male, mean age 67.9 (SD 13.8) years, 44.0% experienced 22 053 unplanned readmissions within 2 years, 50.6% being cardiovascular-related. All-cause death occurred in 8.0% of the cohort, and the multivariable-adjusted mortality HR of 1 (vs 0) readmission was 2.9 (95% CI 2.6 to 3.3), increasing to 5.6 (95% CI 5.0 to 6.5) for 3+ readmissions. First emergent readmission for AF, stroke, heart failure or myocardial infarction was independently associated with an increased hazard for mortality. Coexistent cardiovascular and other comorbidities were independently associated with increased readmission and mortality risk, whereas AF ablation was associated with reduced risk.

Conclusion

This study highlights the large burden of unplanned all-cause and cardiovascular-specific readmissions within 2 years after being hospitalised for incident AF and their associated adverse impact on mortality. Concomitant comorbidities are independently associated with unplanned hospitalisations and mortality, which supports integrated multidisciplinary management of comorbidities, along with AF-targeted treatments, to improve long-term outcomes in patients with AF.
Investigating the impact of a 20 miles per hour speed limit intervention on road traffic collisions, casualties, speed and volume in Belfast, UK: 3 year follow-up outcomes of a natural experiment
Authors: Hunter Ruth F , Cleland Claire L , Busby John , Nightingale Glenna , Kee Frank , Williams Andrew James , Kelly Paul , Kelly Michael P , Milton Karen , Kokka Kelly , Jepson Ruth
Published: November 2022

Background

Evidence regarding the effectiveness of 20 miles per hour (mph) speed limit interventions is limited, and rarely have long-term outcomes been assessed. We investigate the effect of a 20 mph speed limit intervention on road traffic collisions, casualties, speed and volume at 1 and 3 years post-implementation.

Methods

An observational, repeated cross-sectional design was implemented, using routinely collected data for road traffic collisions, casualties, speed and volume. We evaluated difference-in-differences in collisions and casualties (intervention vs control) across three different time series and traffic speed and volume pre-implementation, at 1 and 3 years post-implementation.

Results

Small reductions in road traffic collisions were observed at year 1 (3%; p=0.82) and year 3 post-implementation (15%; p=0.31) at the intervention site. Difference-in-differences analyses showed no statistically significant differences between the intervention and control sites over time for road traffic collisions. There were 16% (p=0.18) and 22% (p=0.06) reductions in casualty rates at years 1 and 3 post-implementation, respectively, at the intervention site. Results showed little change in mean traffic speed at year 1 (0.2 mph, 95% CI −0.3 to 2.4, p=0.14) and year 3 post-implementation (0.8, 95% CI −1.5 to 2.5, p=0.17). For traffic volume, a decrease in 57 vehicles per week was observed at year 1 (95% CI –162 to −14, p<0.00) and 71 vehicles at year 3 (95% CI −213 to 1, p=0.05) post-implementation.

Conclusion

A 20 mph speed limit intervention implemented at city centre scale had little impact on long-term outcomes including road traffic collisions, casualties and speed, except for a reduction in traffic volume. Policymakers considering implementing 20 mph speed limit interventions should consider the fidelity, context and scale of implementation.
Reduced BDNF expression in the auditory cortex contributed to neonatal pain-induced hearing impairment and dendritic pruning deficiency in mice
Authors: Li Nanqi , Chen Bing , Jia Gaogan , Xu Rui , Xia Ying , Lai Chuijin , Li Gang , Li Wenxian , Han Yuan
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Procedural pain in neonates is associated with impaired neurodevelopment. Whether hearing development is impaired, however, remains unknown. This study examined potential cause-and-effect relationship between neonatal pain and subsequent hearing loss in mice.

Methods

Male C57BL/6J mouse pups received an intra-plantar injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant on postnatal day 7 or repetitive needle prick stimuli from postnatal days 0–7. Mechanical and thermal pain thresholds were tested between postnatal days 14 and 49. The auditory brainstem response test was used to determine hearing thresholds. The inner ear structures and dendritic morphology in auditory cortex were assessed using immunofluorescence and Golgi-staining. The effects of oxycodone, tropomyosin receptor kinase B agonists and antagonists were tested.

Results

Neonatal pain resulted in impaired hearing in adulthood of both pain models No damage or synapse loss was found in the cochlea but increased dendritic spine density and reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor level were found in auditory cortex in neonatal pain group. Oxycodone attenuated hearing loss and the associated changes in dendritic spine density and brain-derived neurotrophic factor changes in auditory cortex. A tropomyosin receptor kinase B agonist reversed neonatal pain-induced hearing impairment and decreased caspase 3 expression in auditory cortex. Administration of tropomyosin receptor kinase B antagonist in naïve mouse pups impaired hearing development suppressed phosphorylated-AKT, and increased caspase 3 expression.

Conclusion

Chronic pain during the neonatal period resulted in impaired hearing in adulthood in mice, possibly via the brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling pathway and dendritic spine pruning deficiency in auditory cortex.
Primary palliative care in Japan: needs estimation and projections – national database study with international comparisons
Authors: Ito Masami , Aoyama Maho , Murtagh Fliss E M , Miyashita Mitsunori
Published: November 2022

Objectives

We aimed to estimate the potential population that requires palliative care, clarify the relationship between this population and the rate of ageing in Japan, and compare these trends with those of other countries.

Design

We used the national death registration data and population projections for Japan to estimate the population in need of palliative care using the minimal estimate method developed by Murtaghet al. Linear regression was used to create a model of mortality using sex, age at intervals of 5 years, and each major disease classification. We calculated the future population in need of palliative care until 2040 and compared the ageing data to those of other countries.

Setting/participants

All adults in Japan who died from 1980 to 2040 at intervals of 5 years.

Results

The number of people who might need palliative care from 2020 to 2040 will also increase linearly from 1 059 000 to 1 405 000. The proportion of Alzheimer’s, dementia and senility of the total need for palliative care will increase to 43.4% in 2040. The correlation coefficient between the proportion of the population in need of palliative care and the rate of ageing was 0.24 in developed countries.

Conclusion

In Japan, the population requiring palliative care in 2040 will be 1.5 times that in 2015. Palliative care needs to be provided urgently for people with Alzheimer’s disease, dementia and senility. The proportion of patients in need of palliative care may not change, although the number of patients requiring such gradually increases in developed countries.
$$D_s^{*} \rightarrow \phi $$ helicity form factors and the exclusive weak decays
Authors: Cheng Shan , Ju Yao-hui , Qin Qin , Yu Fu-sheng
Published: November 2022

The decay width of the $$D_s^{*}$$

D
s

∗

meson is dominated by the electromagnetic mode $$D_s^*\rightarrow D_s \gamma $$

D
s
∗

→

D
s

γ

, and it is thus the longest-lived charged vector meson. In light of this point, we perform the first QCD LCSRs calculation of $$D_s^{*}\rightarrow \phi $$

D
s

∗

→
ϕ

helicity form factors and discuss the experiment potential of discovering exclusive $$D_s^{*}$$

D
s

∗

weak decays. The main result is the partial decay widths, which read as $$\varGamma _{D_s^*\rightarrow l \nu } = 2.44 \times 10^{-12} \, \textrm{GeV}$$

Γ

D
s
∗

→
l
ν

=
2.44
×

10

-
12

GeV

, $$\varGamma _{D_s^*\rightarrow \phi l \nu } = (3.28^{+0.82}_{-0.71}) \times 10^{-14} \, \textrm{GeV}$$

Γ

D
s
∗

→
ϕ
l
ν

=

(
3
.

28

-
0.71

+
0.82

)

×

10

-
14

GeV

, $$\varGamma _{D_s^{*} \rightarrow \phi \pi } = ( 3.81^{+1.52}_{-1.33} ) \times 10^{-14} \, \textrm{GeV}$$

Γ

D
s

∗

→
ϕ
π

=

(
3
.

81

-
1.33

+
1.52

)

×

10

-
14

GeV

and $$\varGamma _{D_s^{*}\rightarrow \phi \rho } = ( 1.16^{+0.42}_{-0.39} ) \times 10^{-13} \, \textrm{GeV}$$

Γ

D
s

∗

→
ϕ
ρ

=

(
1
.

16

-
0.39

+
0.42

)

×

10

-
13

GeV

. We show that these channels are promising in the near future, serving as the first experimental observation of weak decays of a vector meson, and would open up a new playground for precision test of the standard model.
Viscous cosmology in f(T) gravity
Authors: Yang Jing , Lin Rui-Hui , Zhai Xiang-Hua
Published: November 2022

We propose a new model for the viscosity of cosmic matters, which can be applied to different epochs of the universe. Using this model, we include the bulk viscosities as practical corrections to the perfect fluid models of the baryonic and dark matters since the material fluids in the real world may have viscosities due to thermodynamics. Such inclusion is put to the test within the framework of f(T) gravity that is proved to be successful in describing the cosmic acceleration, where T denotes the torsion scalar. We perform an observational fit to our model and constrain the cosmological and model parameters by using various latest cosmological datasets. Based on the fitting result, we discuss several cosmological implications including the dissipation of matters, the evolutionary history of the universe, f(T) modification as an effective dark energy, and the Hubble tension problem. The corresponding findings are (i) The late time dissipation will make the density parameters of the matters vanish in the finite future. Moreover, the density ratio between the baryonic and dark matters will change over time. (ii) The radiation dominating era, matter dominating era and the accelerating era can be recovered and the model can successfully describe the known history of the universe. (iii) The f(T) modification is the main drive of the acceleration expansion and currently mimics a phantom-like dark energy. But the universe will eventually enter a de Sitter expansion phase. (iv) The Hubble tension between local and global observations can be significantly alleviated in our model.
Characterization of a high light yield liquid scintillator with a novel organosilicon fluor developed for astroparticle physics experiments
Authors: Sidorenkov A. , Borshchev O. , Fazliakhmetov A. , Lukanov A. , Lubsandorzhiev B. , Lubsandorzhiev S. , Nanzanov D. , Ponomarenko S. , Skorotetcky M. , Surin N. , Svidchenko E. , Ushakov N. , Voronin D.
Published: November 2022

A new high light yield liquid scintillator based on linear alkylbenzene (LAB) as an organic solvent and a novel nanostructured organosilicon liminophore as a scintillation fluor has been developed for the next generation large-scale experiments in astroparticle physics. It is shown that the developed liquid scintillator has light yield almost two times higher than traditional LAB-based liquid scintillator with PPO fluor, when peak light yield values are compared, since the former peaks at 490 nm, while the latter peaks at 360 nm. At the same time light emission kinetics is characterized by about 10 ns decay time constant for its fastest component which contributes more than 80% to the total light yield of the scintillator.
Electrically charged multi-field configurations
Authors: Bazeia D. , Marques M. A. , Paganelly M.
Published: November 2022

In this work we investigate the presence of electrically charged structures that are localized in two and three spatial dimensions. We use the Maxwell-scalar Lagrangian to describe several systems with distinct interactions for the scalar fields. The procedure relies on finding first order differential equations that solve the equations of motion and ensure stability of the corresponding minimum energy solutions. We illustrate the many possibilities in two and in three spatial dimensions, examining different examples of electrically charged solutions that engender internal structure.
Prospects for beam-based study of dodecapole nonlinearities in the CERN High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider
Authors: Maclean E. H. , Carlier F. S. , Dilly J. , Le Garrec M. , Giovannozzi M. , Tomás R.
Published: November 2022

Nonlinear magnetic errors in low-$$\beta$$βinsertions can have a significant impact on the beam-dynamics of a collider, such as the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and its luminosity upgrade (HL-LHC). Indeed, correction of sextupole and octupole magnetic errors in LHC experimental insertions has yielded clear operational benefits in recent years. Numerous studies predict, however, that even correction of nonlinearitites up to dodecapole order will be required to ensure successful exploitation of the HL-LHC. It was envisaged during HL-LHC design that compensation of high-order errors would be based upon correction of specific resonances, as determined from magnetic measurements during construction. Experience at the LHC demonstrated that beam-based measurement and correction of the sextupole and octupole errors was an essential complement to this strategy. As such, significant interest also exists regarding the practicality of beam-based observables of multipoles up to dodecapole order. Based on experience during the LHC’s second operational run, the viability of beam-based observables relevant to dodecapole order errors in the experimental insertions of the HL-LHC are assessed and discussed in detail in this paper.
DOES CULTURE EXPLAIN THE HIGH PRIVATE SAVING BEHAVIOR IN EAST ASIAN COUNTRIES? FURTHER EVIDENCE
Authors: GUO NIANZHI , TU ANTHONY H.
Published: November 2022

Attempts within the prior studies to determine whether the disparities in national saving rates can be explained by cultural attributes have been largely unsuccessful, essentially as a result of the formidable problems of measurement of culture, data availability and endogeneity. We first extend the prior research using the six measurable cultural dimensions of Hofstede et al. [( 2010 ). Culture and Organizations: Software of the Mind, Intercultural Cooperation and Its Importance for Survival, 3rd Edition. New York: McGraw Hill], along with the largest panel database currently available, containing 84 countries over the period 1981–2012, on culture-related variables and saving rates, to test our hypothesis that cultural factors can influence private saving behavior in an international context. We then focus our study on three main cultural variables in East Asian countries — Confucianism, Long-term Orientation (LTO) and Uncertainty Avoidance (UA) — and find that they all have significant impacts on private saving rates around the world. Our findings also potentially solve the puzzle of why China, Japan and other East Asian countries save so much and so persistently since we find that the high LTO measures within these regions determine their high levels of private savings, whilst their low UA measures explain the persistence of their high saving rates, even during a period of financial crisis.
A Parallel Text Recognition in Electrical Equipment Nameplate Images Based on Apache Flink
Authors: Liu Zhen , Li Lin , Zhang Da , Liu Liangshuai , Deng Ze
Published: November 2022

Information on the equipment nameplate is important for the storage, transportation, verification and maintenance of electrical equipment. However, because a natural image of the device on the text nameplate may be multidirectional, curved, noisy or blurry, automatically recognizing the image from the device nameplate can be difficult. Meanwhile, image preprocessing methods are carried out in a serial manner, so the processing speed with regard to the above problems is slower and takes a longer time. Accordingly, this study proposes a parallel and deep-learning-based text automatic recognition method. In the proposed method, a pretreatment method comprising edge detection, morphological manipulation and projection transformation is used to obtain the corrected nameplate region. The connectionist text proposal network (CTPN) is then activated to detect text lines on the corrected nameplate area. Next, a deep-learning method is proposed to study the classification methods of convolutional recurrent neural networks and connectionist time classification for identifying text in each line of text detected by CTPN. Finally, we use Apache Flink to parallelize the above processes, including parallelization preprocessing and bidirectional long short-term memory parallelization in the process of text line detection and text recognition. Experimental results on the collected nameplate show that the proposed imaging processing method has a good recognition performance and that the parallelization method significantly reduces the data processing time cost.
The Construction of an Intelligent Service System for Students’ Physique and Health
Authors: Zhai Huan
Published: November 2022

The development of young people’s physique and health is the core element of national manpower reserves, which is related to the rise and fall of national power in the future. In recent years, a large-scale physical fitness test for students has been carried out by the state every year; thus, abundant data have been accumulated. However, for a long time, the collection, integration, analysis and utilization of these data resources have been seriously insufficient; thus, it is difficult to meet the needs of student health services. Wireless devices are emerging rapidly due to their sensing, computing and communication capabilities and are gradually being applied to physique and health research. This is expected to improve the traditional service model. Personalized physique and health information of students can be obtained via wearable devices. However, to effectively analyze and utilize these data and improve the effectiveness of corresponding health management decisions, intelligent analysis methods are needed. Machine learning, as the core of artificial intelligence technology, can learn from big data and mine the potential value of data in order to predict events and propose countermeasures. This paper aims to collect and transmit various kinds of physique and health data of students through wireless communication technology and to realize intelligent analysis and management of these data based on a machine learning algorithm.
A Deep Learning-Based Surface Defects Detection and Color Classification Method for Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Zhao Yang , Huang Shuangcheng , Kang Huifeng , Han Haimin
Published: November 2022

In recent years, solar photovoltaic-based power generation technology has become the key planning direction of many countries around the world. In the process of making solar cells, the quality inspection requirements are very particular, such as physical damages, surface scratches, broken grids and microcracks. In traditional factory production, the detection of the above defects requires professional inspectors to carry out visual inspection, which often leads to low detection efficiency, subjective assumption and fatigue, as well as some detection errors. In recent years, the rapid development of computer vision makes it possible to be used to detect the defects in solar cells. To overcome existing barriers, this paper proposes a method for detecting surface defects in solar cells based on deep neural network. Specifically, a specified image segmentation model named U-Net is developed for this purpose. By automatically segmenting little objects using the proposed recognition approach, surface defects detection can be realized. At last, we use a set of experiments on images from real scenes to verify the proposed method.
Particle decay, Oberth effect and a relativistic rocket in the Schwarzschild background
Authors: Pavlov Yu. V. , Zaslavskii O. B.
Published: November 2022

We relate the known Oberth effect and the nonrelativistic analogue of the Penrose process. When a particle decays to two fragments, we derive the conditions on the angles under which debris can come out for such a process to occur. We also consider the decay and the Oberth effect in the relativistic case, when a particle moves in the background of the Schwarzschild black hole. This models the process when a rocket ejects fuel. Different scenarios are analyzed depending on what data are fixed. The efficiency of the process is found, in particular, near the horizon and for a photon rocket (when the ejected particle is massless). We prove directly that the most efficient process occurs when fuel is ejected along the rocket trajectory. When this occurs on the horizon, the efficiency reaches 100% for a photon rocket. We compare in two ways how a rocket can reverse its direction of motion to a black hole near the event horizon by restoring the initial energy-to-mass ratio: (i) by a single ejection or (ii) in the two-step process when it stops and moves back afterwards. For a nonphotonic rocket, in case (ii) a larger mass can be taken out from the vicinity of a horizon. For a photonic one, there is no difference between (i) and (ii) in this respect. We also consider briefly the scenario when a rocket hangs over a black hole due to continuous ejection of fuel. Then, the fuel mass decays exponentially with the proper time.
An Interval Model Updating Method Based on Meta-Model and Response Surface Reconstruction
Authors: Zhan Pengming , Qin Xianrong , Zhang Qing , Sun Yuantao
Published: November 2022

In this paper, a new interval finite element model updating method is proposed for interval identification of structural parameters based on meta-model and response surface reconstruction. The lower and upper bounds of the uncertain structural parameters are determined by solving the optimization problem which minimizes the difference between the interval of the predicted and measured responses. The response surface models are reconstructed based on the resampling technique for mapping the relationship between a single input and a single output. Then the accurate interval of the responses during the iteration step can be efficiently estimated using the vertex method. Meanwhile, the Gaussian process regression model (GPRM) is constructed as the meta-model to replace the finite element model for calculating the responses of the system to improve computational efficiency. Several numerical and experimental examples are investigated to elucidate the feasibility of the proposed method in the interval identification of structural parameters. Obtained outcomes have demonstrated that the proposed method outperforms many existing approaches in the literature, especially for the nonlinear monotonously non-increasing problem.
A Novel Regularized Adaptive Matching Pursuit for Moving Force Identification Using Multiple Criteria and Prior Knowledge
Authors: Xu Bohao , Yu Ling
Published: November 2022

Moving force identification (MFI) is one of the challenging tasks in structural health monitoring (SHM) of bridges. As an inverse problem, continuous attention is needed to address the ill-posedness of MFI system matrix, computational efficiency and accuracy. Therefore, a novel regularized adaptive matching pursuit (NRAMP) framework is proposed for MFI using multiple criteria and prior knowledge in this study. Firstly, a relationship between moving forces and structural responses is established. With the utilization of redundant matrix, the MFI problem is converted into one of the sparse recoveries. A new adaptive criterion related to atoms both in the sparse regularization and LSQR factorization is introduced into the regularized orthogonal matching pursuit (ROMP) process. The ill-posedness of system matrix in sparse recovery can be reduced greatly, and the unknown sparsity problem can be skipped. Furthermore, the optimal atoms of redundant matrix will be selected repeatedly based on another criterion related to prior knowledge that the static axle-weight of a vehicle is the main component of moving vehicle force. The residual in each iteration will be saved and the atoms with the smallest residual are chosen at last. Finally, to assess the feasibility of the proposed method, numerical simulations on identification of single moving force with impulse components and two unequal moving forces, and experimental verifications on MFI of a model vehicle moving on a beam in laboratory are also carried out. The results show that the relative percentage errors between the identified and true gross vehicle weight keep under 3.6% in all measured cases, and the executive time of the proposed method is far less than that due to common OMP methods.
Multi-switches and representations of braid groups
Authors: Bardakov Valeriy , Nasybullov Timur
Published: November 2022

We introduce the notion of a (virtual) multi-switch which generalizes the notion of a (virtual) switch. Using (virtual) multi-switches we introduce a general approach of how to construct representations of (virtual) braid groups by automorphisms of algebraic systems. As a corollary we introduce new representations of virtual braid groups which generalize several previously known representations.
On generalized injective modules and almost injective modules
Authors: Fuchigami Hayate , Kuratomi Yosuke , Shibata Yoshiharu
Published: November 2022

A module [Formula: see text] is called [Formula: see text]-almost-invariant for a module [Formula: see text] if, for any homomorphism [Formula: see text], either [Formula: see text], or there exist nonzero direct summands [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] is an isomorphism and [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are the injective hulls of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. This is a generalization of an almost [Formula: see text]-injective module. In this paper, we give a new characterization of a generalized [Formula: see text]-injective module by homomorphisms between their injective hulls, and consider conditions for an [Formula: see text]-almost-invariant module to be almost [Formula: see text]-injective. Moreover, we study a relationship between generalized [Formula: see text]-injective, almost [Formula: see text]-injective and [Formula: see text]-almost-invariant modules.
Dual Lie bialgebra structures of the twisted Heisenberg–Virasoro type
Authors: Song Guang’ai , Su Yucai , Yue Xiaoqing
Published: November 2022

In this paper, by studying the maximal good subspaces, we determine the dual Lie coalgebras of the centerless twisted Heisenberg–Virasoro algebra. Based on this, we construct the dual Lie bialgebras structures of the twisted Heisenberg–Virasoro type. As by-products, four new infinite dimensional Lie algebras are obtained.
Symbolic power decompositions of disjoint cycle graphs
Authors: Cooper Susan M. , Noteboom Ben
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we study the connection between the odd cycles of a finite, simple graph [Formula: see text] and the symbolic powers of its edge ideal. When the odd cycles of [Formula: see text] are disjoint, we give a decomposition of the symbolic powers of the edge ideal based on the number and size of the odd cycles of [Formula: see text]. This shows that the symbolic powers of the edge ideal are completely dependent on the odd cycles of [Formula: see text].
Fully homomorphic encryption scheme and Fermat’s little theorem
Authors: Chun Samgu , Choi Wonseok , Hyun Jin Woo , Kang Seok-Jin , Kim Hyoung Joong , Kim Young Rock
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we take an algebraic approach to the generalized DGHV scheme without using bootstrapping technique. We investigate the homomorphic evaluation algorithm in detail and provide several sufficient conditions for correct homomorphic evaluation of arbitrary polynomial circuits. Compared with the bootstrapping procedure, we show that our approach is much simpler and more efficient. Moreover, we prove that both of the key sizes are actually bounded above and that these upper-bounds depend only on the plaintext space and the security parameter. Hence we need only one pair of secret key and public key for correct homomorphic evaluation of all polynomial circuits, which implies the generalized DGHV scheme is a fully homomorphic encryption in itself. Thus our approach shows that the generalized DGHV scheme provides extremely simple and efficient algorithms.