bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic Status of Cage, Pen and Pond Culture Freshwater Fish Farmers in Seraikela Kharswan District, Jharkhand
Authors: Kumar Debashish , Singh P. K. , Gautam Yash
Published: June 2023

The study was investigated to assess the livelihood of fishermen from different fish production system in Seraikela Kharswan district. It focused on the age, community, education level, family size, farming experience, source of credit etc. In cage and pen culture system the maximum percentage of people fall in the age group of 30-39 with 34.72 and 43.05 percentage. Out of the four selected communities, OBC is the predominant among them. The result of the study revealed that 19.44 percent of illiterate respondent comes under pond culture. Cage culture and pen culture has recently introduced in inland sector in India therefore in terms of experience both category respondents have less experience. In pen culture 90.28 percent of people have only 1-4 years of experience category whereas in case of pond culture 56.94 percentage of respondents have experience above 10 years. Newer technology comes with more active respondents therefore Cage culture and pen culture respondents were 81.94 and 72.22 percentage while the percentage was only 43.06 percentage in case of pond culture.
Using Interactive Time-series Cluster Analysis to Relate Metabolomic Data with Perturbed Pathways
Authors: Thomas Reji Kurien
Published: June 2023

The study conducted on interactive time-series cluster analysis has shed light on the dynamic nature of the interaction that exists between metabolites and the activities that occur within living organisms. Integration of metabolomic data with pathways that had been disrupted was the method that was used to achieve this goal. We investigated the significance of metabolomics in biological systems, the fundamentals and applications of time-series cluster analysis, and the connection between metabolomic data and pathways that have been altered in the various sections of this research paper, such as the introduction, the literature review, the methodology, the results, the discussion, and the recommendations. These sections include: the introduction; the literature review; the methodology; the results; the discussion; and the recommendations. The introduction, the literature review, the methodology, the results, the discussion, and the suggestions are included in these parts.
Willingness to Pay for Centralized Modern Locust Bean Processing Equipment in Ekiti State, Nigeria
Authors: Abdu-Raheem K. A. , Oluwatusin F. M. , Kolawole A. O. , Adekunmi A. O. , Ajewole O. C. , Osundare F. O.
Published: June 2023

This study investigated the propensity to pay for modern apparatus processing locust beans in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Utilizing primary data and a multistage sampling strategy, 240 processors were chosen for the study. The collected data were analyzed utilizing descriptive statistics and an inferential statistical instrument, such as Logit and ordinary least square regression analysis. About 72 percent of processors were married and had an average of eight years of experience processing locust legumes. The majority of respondents belonged to a cooperative group (66.7%) and had no access to credit (100%). The average monthly income from processing was N18,000. The majority of respondents (65%) were unwilling to pay for the service of centralized, advanced or contemporary processing equipment. According to the results of the Logit regression analysis, the variables that significantly influence willingness to pay for the service of centralized modern locust bean processing equipment were household income and processing experience (1%), level of education and age (5%), and household size (10%). The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) analysis reveals that household size and education level were significant at the 1% level, while age and marital status were significant at the 5% level and processing experience was significant at the 1% level. The study suggests that processors ready to pay should form a formidable cooperative to secure grants or loans to establish a centralized, contemporary locust processing cottage. The government should educate processors on modern food processing and safety at all levels.
Seed Germination and Seedling Vigour of Spine Gourd (Momordica dioica Roxb.) in Response to Different Physical and Chemical Treatments
Authors: Padhiary Gargi Gautami , Sahu Gouri Shankar , Tripathy Pradyumna , Rout Gyana Ranjan , Samal Kailash Chandra
Published: June 2023

The present investigation was carried out at Department of Vegetable Science, OUAT, Bhubaneswar during 2019-2021. Five to six months old stored spine gourd seeds were exposed to various physical (T1: control, T2: 48 hours soaking in water, T3: hot water treatment for 20 minutes + 48 hourssoaking in water, T4: scarification by sand paper + 48 hours soaking in water, T5: removal of seed coat + 48 hours soaking in water) and chemical (C1: GA3 100 ppm, C2: GA3 200 ppm, C3: KNO3 1%, C4: KNO3 2%, C5: Thiourea 1%, C6: Thiourea 2% & C7: Control) treatments. The experiment was laid out in factorial CRD design with 35 treatment combinations replicated twice. The seeds were sown in plastic trays containing cocopeat media. The effect of these treatments on percentage of germination, length of seedling, seedling dry weight, seedling vigour index- I and II were studied. It was concluded that among the physical treatments, T5 (removal of seed coat + 48 hours soaking in water), among the chemical treatments, C1 (GA3 100 ppm) and between the interactions, T5C1 recorded highest germination percentage, seedling length, seedling dry weight, vigour index- I and vigour index – II. The lowest values were recorded in control. From the experimental results.it was observed that seed coat removed seeds soaked for 48 hours in water followed by treatment with GA3 100 ppm recorded highest germination percentage and seedling vigour in spine gourd.
Growth Indices of Bt and Non Bt High Density Planted Cotton as Influenced by Integrated Nutrient Management Practices
Authors: Vinay G. , Vani K. P. , Padmaja B. , Jayasree G. , Triveni S.
Published: June 2023

A field experiment was conducted at College Farm, Agricultural College, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, during kharif 2019-20 and 2020-21 to study the effect of genotypes and integrated nutrient management practices on growth of HDPS cotton. Experiment was laid out in Split plot design, with two genotypes as main plots (M) and nine Integrated Nutrient Management practices as sub-plots (S). Among genotypes, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Absolute Growth Rate (AGR), Relative Growth Rate (RGR), Net Assimilation Rate (NAR) were recorded with Bt (KCH-14 K59 BG II) compared to Non-Bt (ADB-542) during kharif 2019-20 and 2020-21. Among integrated nutrient management treatments, significantly higher LAI, AGR, RGR, NAR were observed with 100% RDF + soil application  Jeevamrutha @ 500 L ha-1 at 15 days interval up to harvest (S5) during both years and which was comparable with 100 % RDF + Foliar spray of Jeevamrutha @ 5% at 15 days interval up to harvest (S7) and 100 % RDF (S3), respectively. Finally, Bt cotton had recorded LAI, AGR, RGR, NAR than non Bt. Among integrated nutrient management practices, S5 had recorded maximum LAI, AGR, RGR, NAR.
Effect of Fertility Levels and Weed Management Practices on Weed Species and Weed Dry Matter Accumulation
Authors: Mishra Hariom , Tripathi Ankur , Bhayankar  , Pal Ram Pratap , Singh Ravi Shanker
Published: June 2023

The present investigation was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) during Rabi season of 2019-20. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized block design with three replications keeping four fertility levels viz., 100% RDF-IF (150 kg/h), 125% RDF-IF (25% through FYM), 100% RDF + 25%RDN through FYM, 75%RDF-IF+25%RDN through FYM and four weed management practices Weedy Check, Weed free up to 60 days, Sulfosulfuron @ 30 g/h + Carfentazole @ 20 g/h, Clodinafoppropagynol(60 g) + metsulfuron(4 g)=(64 g/h). Results revealed that among fertility levels application of 125% RDF-IF (25% through FYM) and in weed management practices weed free followed by125% RDF-IF (25% through FYM)+Clodinafoppropagynol (60 g) + metsulfuron (4 g)=(64 g/h) a.i ha-1 proved as superior than other treatments with respect to weed population, nutrient loss by weed, dry matter accumulation in weed, was found with the application of 125% RDF-IF (25% through FYM) and weed free treatment combination.
Effect of Cut-Off Irrigation levels on Production of Teosinte Forage Crop in Clay Soil
Authors: Abdel-Fattah Ibrahim M. , Hatab Safwat Hussein , El-Nahrawy Shereen M. , El-Gaafarey Tamer G.
Published: June 2023

The present study was carried out at Sakha Agricultural Research Station (clay soils) middle north of Nile Delta area during summer seasons 2021 and 2022 in randomized complete block design with three replications. The objective of this research was to find out the response of yield, water saving and some water functions for teosinte forage crop to cut-off surface irrigation owing to produce " more per less”. Three irrigation levels were executed; 100% i.e., full irrigation, 90% cut-off irrigation and 80% cut-off irrigation. The mean performances of plant height, fresh and dry forage yields in the two seasons and combined are significantly affected by irrigation levels applied, whereas normal or control treatment with100% irrigation i.e., no cut-off (Trt. A) has the tallest of plant height. On the other hand, the low irrigation level with 80% cut-off (Trt. C) has the shortest plants at the three cuts. Also, traits reduced with the decrease of irrigation water level at the three cuts. Both fresh and dry forage yields are severely decreased when plants irrigated by 80% cut-off. Decreasing the irrigation water level than the commonly controlled of 100% without cut-off (Trt.A) markedly reduced all studied growth characters at the three cuts. The inhibiting effect of the water deficit stress on the studied parameters notably appeared more pronounced under the 80% cut-off than that of 90% .The obtained results may refer to that decreasing the irrigation water lowered the soil moisture content which restricted the mobility of nutrients to plant that would reduce the efficiency of physiological and metabolic processes needed for plant growth. Regarding water relations, irrigation with 90% cut-off resulted in several advantages; almost same yield as obtained under full irrigation, 10% water saving as well as the highest values of crop-water functions                     of water productivity (WP) and productivity of irrigation water (PIW). The mean values of fresh forage yield of 100% irrigation levels recorded 610 and 685 Kg/strip with compared to 585                    and 655kg/strip for 90 %irrigation treatment at first and second cuts, respectively in the first      season.
Practicing Humility to Medical Students: Sharing Experience during Community Service to Specific Lay Church Congregation
Authors: Siagian Forman Erwin , Suryowati Trini , Sunarti Lusia Sri , Diani Yusias Hikmat , Daroedono Ekarini , Lin Windra , Putri Rini Anjarwati Kusuma , Vighneshwara Dewa
Published: June 2023

Aims: The aim of this sharing of experience was to explore the foundational concepts of humility that helped medical students better understand and implement the principles of humility into his/her undergraduate medical education and also expressing it to the people they serve during community service

Discussion: Medical student’s beliefs strongly contributed in the achievement of high standards and noble values, which already incorporated into medical curriculum. Unfortunately, due to their big size curriculum, medical students rarely get the opportunity to study and apply it directly in the community. Fortunately, the community service activities are only an optional activity that might help medical students become an integral part of the community and foster relationships that will build their sincere morale, especially humility. Medical students and also the community they serve surely benefiting this two-way mutualism from an involvement in community service.

Conclusion: Medical students surely need out-door learning experiences, out of the classroom, clinic room and hospital room, in order to become an integral parts of the communities in which they will practice medicine.
Desordens orais potencialmente malignas
Authors: Pires Alessandra Laís Pinho Valente , Couto Graziane Ribeiro , Lins-Kusterer Liliane , Ribeiro Patricia Miranda Leite , Sarmento Viviane Almeida , Gonzalez Thaís Feitosa Leitão de Oliveira
Published: June 2023

Introdução: as desordens orais potencialmente malignas (DOPMs) são condições que podem preceder o aparecimento do câncer em cavidade bucal. Objetivo: descrever os principais aspectos clínicos, histológicos e tratamento da leucoplasia, eritroplasia, queilite actínica e líquen plano oral. Metodologia: trata-se de uma revisão da literatura atual, em que foram consultados artigos nas bases do MEDLINE/PUBMED e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, publicados nos últimos 10 anos. Os descritores foram localizados usando o vocabulário controlado do MeSH, sendo eles: Leukoplakia; Erythroplakia, Actinic cheilitis, Oral lichen planus, Diagnosis, Therapeutics. Resultados: as apresentações clínicas das DOPMs são diversas. A leucoplasia é a mais comum e deve ser distinguida da leucoplasia verrucosa proliferativa que tem uma apresentação clínica generalizada e uma tendência à recorrência após a excisão; a eritroplasia, embora rara, tem maior chance de malignização. A queilite actínica acomete com frequência o lábio inferior, tem forte relação com exposição solar e pode progredir para o carcinoma escamocelular labial; o líquen plano oral tem uma variedade de apresentações clínicas, sendo a forma reticular a mais comum. O tipo erosivo, atrófico ou bolhoso é acompanhado de sintomatologia dolorosa variável. A biópsia é essencial para confirmar a suspeita clínica das DOPMs e o encaminhamento oportuno para um especialista é indicado. Conclusão: as DOPMs podem ser encontradas durante o exame bucal, possibilitando assim, o diagnóstico precoce, e o correto encaminhamento a um especialista e a intervenção adequada, podendo reduzir a taxa de progressão dessas condições para câncer.
Mechanical Properties of Window Frames Exposed to High Temperatures
Authors: Lee Byeong-Heun , Kwon Young-Jin
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to examine the risks from window frames installed in the opening of an outer wall when exposed to high temperatures and to secure the DB through tests on the thermal and tensile strength characteristics of different materials. Al6063-T5 was tested up to 600 ℃ at intervals of 100 ℃. Changes in the thermal properties and decreases in the tensile strength occurred rapidly at 400 ℃. The tensile strength was measured as 84.41 MPa, i.e., 34.1% of that at room temperature at 600 ℃ (the maximum test temperature). In the case of polyvinyl chloride, tests were conducted up to 70 ℃ at intervals of 10 ℃. The thermal characteristics were found to be constant and did not significantly affect the increase in temperature. However, the increase in temperature and decrease in tensile strength were found to be proportional. In the case of the tensile strength, a tensile strength of 14.98 MPa (45% of room temperature) was measured at 70 ℃ (the maximum test temperature).
Flame Retardant Performance of Oak Plywood According to Main Ingredients of Flame Retardant
Authors: Lim Soo Hee , Kong Ha Sung
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this preliminary study was to analyze the effectiveness and variability of the flame retardant performances of different flame retardants with different main ingredients. This study selected plywood made of oak and three types of flame retardants with different main ingredients. The flame retardant performance measurements were conducted according to Article 31, Paragraph 2 of the “Enforcement Rule of the Fire Safety Installation and Management Act” and Article 7-2 of the “Flame Retardant Performance Test of Flame Retardant Materials.” The flame retardant performance of the plywood was also measured according to the domestic legal standard. The following conclusions were drawn. First, the after-flame and after-glow times were both measured as 0 seconds regardless of the flame retardant treatment. This was presumed to be because oak plywood is made from a species of oak tree that is naturally fire-resistant owing to its thick bark layer. Second, the flame retardant performances differed depending on the main ingredient of the flame retardant used on the oak plywood. The experimental results confirmed that a phosphorus mixture was the most effective main ingredient. Third, based on the results of this study and previous studies, it was confirmed that flame retardant performances vary depending on their main ingredients and composition ratios, as well as according to the tree species and type of flame retardant. Therefore, it is necessary to continue researching and comparing flame retardant performances through quantitative measurements based on the main ingredients and composition ratios for various tree species and flame retardants.
Prevalence of Iron Deficiency and Iron-Deficiency Anemia in US Females Aged 12-21 Years, 2003-2020
Authors: Weyand Angela C. , Chaitoff Alexander , Freed Gary L. , Sholzberg Michelle , Choi Sung Won , McGann Patrick T.
Published: June 2023

This study examines prevalence of iron deficiency among females aged 12 to 21 years to inform future screening strategies for iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia.
Janus Kinase Inhibitors for Alopecia Areata
Authors: Liu Ming , Gao Ya , Yuan Yuan , Yang Kelu , Shen Caiyi , Wang Jiancheng , Tian Jinhui
Published: June 2023

Importance

Alopecia areata (AA) is a common chronic tissue-specific autoimmune disease. Several studies have reported outcomes of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors for treating AA, but limited evidence has emerged.

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety associated with JAK inhibitors for AA.

Data Sources

MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched from inception until August 2022.

Study Selection

Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included. Pairs of reviewers independently and in duplicate selected the studies.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman random-effects models were used for meta-analysis. Certainty of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. This study is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcomes of interest were (1) proportion of patients who achieved 30%, 50%, and 90% improvement in Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score from baseline, (2) change from baseline SALT score, and (3) treatment-related adverse event (AE).

Results

Seven RCTs with 1710 patients (1083 females [63.3%]; mean [SD] age range, 36.3 [10.4] to 69.7 [16.2] years) were eligible and included in the study. JAK inhibitors were associated with more patients achieving 50% improvement (odds ratio [OR], 5.28 [95% CI, 1.69-16.46]; GRADE assessment: low certainty) and 90% improvement (OR, 8.15 [95% CI, 4.42-15.03]; GRADE assessment: low certainty) in SALT score from baseline compared with placebo. JAK inhibitors were associated with more lowered SALT scores from the baseline compared with placebo (mean difference [MD], –34.52 [95% CI, −37.80 to −31.24]; GRADE assessment: moderate certainty), and JAK inhibitors were not associated with more treatment-related AEs (relative risk [RR], 1.25 [95% CI, 1.00-1.57]; GRADE assessment: high certainty) compared with placebo. High certainty of evidence showed that JAK inhibitors may not be associated with more severe AEs compared with placebo (RR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.41-1.43). The subgroup analysis showed that oral JAK inhibitors were more efficient than placebo (change from baseline SALT scores: MD, –36.80; 95% CI, −39.57 to −34.02), and no difference was found between external JAK inhibitors and placebo (change from baseline SALT scores: MD, –0.40; 95% CI, −11.30 to 10.50).

Conclusions and Relevance

Results of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that JAK inhibitors, compared with placebo, were associated with hair regrowth and that the outcome of oral JAK inhibitors was better than the external route of administration. Although the safety and tolerability of JAK inhibitors were acceptable, longer RCTs are needed to further assess the effectiveness and safety of these treatments for AA.
Audio–Visual Input and Language Learning
Authors: Muñoz Carmen
Published: June 2023

The increasing digitization of society has dramatically boosted the opportunities for contact with additional languages, and more and more language learning is taking place outside the classroom and through audio–visual input. Audio–visual input is an enriched, multimodal form of input characterized by the interaction among sound, image, and, often, written language on the screen. This interaction is thought to support L2 processing and learning. Moreover, the presence of imagery provides additional semantic support and contextual clues, which facilitates comprehension. The presence of on‐screen text, and particularly captions (in the language of the soundtrack), helps learners visualize word boundaries, making auditory text more comprehensible too. The main focus of research in L2 learning through audio–visual input has been on comprehension and vocabulary learning, but studies have also shown clear benefits in other areas, such as aural perception. The pedagogical benefits of audio–visual input are many. First, while the input limitations of schools, in terms of both quantity and quality, have been made evident by research, audio–visual input provides large amounts of authentic input. This offers learners unlimited opportunities for incidental learning, but the teacher can also promote intentional learning and suggest adequate strategies to foster L2 learning through audio–visual input. It is suggested that classroom‐based programs of extensive viewing can supplement extensive reading programs since audio–visual input has great appeal among children and adolescents, especially. By breaking down the classroom walls, audio–visual input can also make school language instruction more relevant to students' needs and interests and foster their motivation.
Integrating Sub‐Nano Catalysts into Metal‐Organic Framework toward Pore‐Confined Polysulfides Conversion in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zeng Qinghan , Xu Liangliang , Li Guanxing , Zhang Qi , Guo Sijia , Lu Haibin , Xie Lin , Yang Junhua , Weng Jingqia , Zheng Cheng , Huang Shaoming
Published: June 2023

Shuttle effect and sluggish redox kinetics of sulfur species still hinder the practical application of lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs). Herein, a strategy of integrating sub‐nano catalysts into metal‐organic framework (MOF) is proposed for developing efficient sulfur host to tackle these issues. The designed MOF host (MOF‐TOC) endowed with sub‐nano TiO clusters (TOCs) in the mesopores of MOF can act as an efficient reaction chamber in LSBs. Systematic electrochemical measurements and calculations demonstrate that MOF‐TOC can trap and confine lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) via strong chemical interaction. Moreover, the highly active TOCs isolated in different nanopores can accelerate the bidirectional redox reaction of sulfur species through the d‐p orbital hybridization with sulfur species. Benefiting from these merits, MOF‐TOC delivers LSBs with remarkably improved areal capacity and cycling stability at high sulfur loadings and lean electrolytes. This work gives insight into the rational design of catalyst‐containing MOF hosts and will shed light on the development of advanced catalytic hosts for high‐performance LSBs.
Impact of Side Chain Extension on the Morphology and Electrochemistry of Phosphonated Poly(Ethylenedioxythiophene) Derivatives
Authors: Hopkins Jonathan , Ta Daniel , Lauto Antonio , Baker Carly , Daniels John , Wagner Pawel , Wagner Klaudia K. , Kirby Nigel , Cazorla Claudio , Officer David L. , Mawad Damia
Published: June 2023

One factor with great bearing on the electrochemical performance of conjugated polymers is the film morphology. A balance between crystalline and amorphous domains needs to be achieved for the polymer to have an optimal ionic‐electronic conductance. Herein, the morphological and electrochemical properties of poly(ethylenedioxythiophene) polymers functionalized with phosphonate groups separated by methylene and butylene alkyl spacers from the backbone are compared. Extending the spacer from methylene to butylene increases structural ordering in the solid state as revealed by grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering. However, the ordered domains are only short range, suggestive of a paracrystalline morphology in which ordered regions are separated by amorphous regions. This has a negative impact on the intermolecular charge transport. The longer spacer appears to have impeded the uptake of hydrated counterions, seen by the increase in the ionization potential and energy requirement for electrochemical switching, as well as the decrease in the volumetric capacitance. These results elucidate the advantages of having the phosphonate pendant group close to the backbone, separated only by a methylene spacer. This synthetic design likely facilitates hydrated counterions to accumulate around the polar phosphonate groups, close to the doped backbone where they can easily compensate the charge carriers formed upon oxidation.
Quantifying the Energy Loss of Triplet Excitons on High‐Lying Triplet States to Develop High Efficiency Blue Fluorescence OLEDs Based on AIE Emitter
Authors: Xie Dian , Han Pengbo , Lin Chengwei , Qiao Xianfeng , Yang Dezhi , Dai Yanfeng , Sun Qian , Qin Anjun , Tang Ben Zhong , Ma Dongge
Published: June 2023

“Hot exciton” molecules that allow the transition of excitons from a high‐lying triplet state (Tn, n≥ 2) to singlet states (Sm, m≥1) by a reverse intersystem crossing (hRISC) process have become an effective strategy to achieve high efficiency fluorescence organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, the understanding of the dynamic behavior of the “hot exciton” process is still very lacking. Herein, the exciton dynamics of an aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) molecule TPA‐An‐mPhCz with the “hot exciton” property are deeply investigated, and the proportion between hRISC and internal inversion (IC) of excitons on Tn is successfully quantified by in situ transient electroluminescent measurements and theoretical calculation. It is found that the IC process increases severe energy loss of Tn excitons. By introducing a triplet–triplet annihilation up‐conversion layer in the emissive layer to efficiently recapture the IC excitons and further doping a blue fluorescent emitter in the TPA‐An‐mPhCz layer to achieve high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), the resulting OLED achieves a maximum external quantum efficiency of 12.5% with negligible efficiency roll‐off. More impressively, the operational lifetime LT75 (lifetime to 75% of the initial luminance) of the device with efficient triplets utilization performs a remarkable 116 h under 1000 cd m−2. This work provides the fundamentals for the design of hot exciton materials with efficient exciton utilization to develop efficient blue fluorescence OLEDs.
Venous thromboembolism mortality and trends in older US adults, 2011–2019
Authors: Giorgio Katherine , Walker Rob F. , MacLehose Richard F. , Adrianzen‐Herrera Diego , Wang Wendy , Alonso Alvaro , Zakai Neil A. , Lutsey Pamela L.
Published: June 2023

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) affects 1.2 million people per year in the United States. With several clinical changes in diagnosis and treatment approaches in the past decade, we evaluated contemporary post‐VTE mortality risk profiles and trends. Incident VTE cases were identified from the 2011–2019 Medicare 20% Sample, which is representative of nearly all Americans aged 65 and older. The social deprivation index was linked from public data; race/ethnicity and sex were self‐reported. The all‐cause mortality risk 30 days and 1 year after incident VTE was calculated in demographic subgroups and by prevalent cancer diagnosis status using model‐based standardization. Risks for major cancer types, risk differences by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and socio‐economic status (SES), and trends over time are also reported. The all‐cause mortality risk among older US adults following incident VTE was 3.1% (95% CI 3.0–3.2) at 30 days and 19.6% (95% CI 19.2–20.1) at 1 year. For cancer‐related VTE events, the age‐sex‐race‐standardized risk was 6.0% at 30 days and 34.7% at 1 year. The standardized 30‐day and 1‐year risks were higher among non‐White beneficiaries and among those with low SES. One‐year mortality risk decreased 0.28 percentage points per year (95% CI 0.16–0.40) on average across the study period, with no trend observed for 30‐day mortality risk. In sum, all‐cause mortality risk following incident VTE has decreased slightly in the last decade, but racial and socio‐economic disparities persist. Understanding patterns of mortality among demographic subgroups and in cancer‐associated events is important for targeting efforts to improve VTE management.
Real‐world effectiveness of mepolizumab in severe asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis in the United States: Impact of comorbidity and sinus surgery
Authors: Silver Jared , Deb Arijita , Laliberté François , Gao Chi , Bhattacharyya Neil
Published: June 2023

Background

Trial data demonstrate that mepolizumab, a humanized anti‐interleukin 5 monoclonal antibody, is effective for patients with severe asthma and comorbid chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps. This real‐world, retrospective cohort study investigated mepolizumab for US patients with severe asthma and CRS with/without sinus surgery.

Methods

IQVIA PharMetrics Plus claims data from baseline and follow‐up (12 months before and after mepolizumab initiation) were used to analyze three patient cohorts: cohort 1 (severe asthma only); cohort 2 (severe asthma + comorbid CRS without sinus surgery); and cohort 3 (severe asthma+comorbid CRS+sinus surgery), allowing for cross‐cohort comparisons.

Results

The analysis included 495, 370, and 85 patients in cohort 1, cohort 2, and cohort 3, respectively. Systemic and oral corticosteroid use was lower for all cohorts after mepolizumab initiation. In cohort 3, asthma rescue inhaler and antibiotic use were lower during follow‐up than baseline. Asthma exacerbations were reduced by 28% to 44% comparing follow‐up versus baseline, with the largest reduction in cohort 3 (ratio of incidence rate ratio [RR] vs cohort 1: 0.76; p = 0.036). Reductions in oral corticosteroid claims were greater following mepolizumab initiation for cohort 3 versus cohort 1 (RR, 0.72; p = 0.011) and cohort 2 (RR, 0.70; p < 0.01). In cohorts 1 through 3, outpatient and emergency department visits were reduced by 1 to 2 and 0.4 to 0.6 visits annually, asthma‐related and asthma exacerbation–related total costs were reduced by $387 to $2580 USD, and medical costs were reduced by $383 to $2438 USD during follow‐up.

Conclusions

Consistent with trial data, mepolizumab use in real‐world practice shows benefits across comorbid patient cohorts with more a pronounced impact in those with severe asthma+comorbid CRS + sinus surgery.
Establishment of image‐guided radiotherapy of orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model
Authors: Zhou Kaixiao , Jiang Yabo , Feng Shuang , Mo Wei , Nie Jing , Cao Jianping , Jiao Yang
Published: June 2023

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer. Recently, developments in radiotherapy technology have led to radiotherapy becoming one of the main therapeutics of HCC. Therefore, a suitable animal model for radiotherapy of the orthotopic HCC mouse model is urgently needed.

Methods

In the present study, Hepa1‐6 cells were injected into the liver of C57BL/6 mice in situ to mimic the pathological characteristics of the original HCC. Tumor formation was monitored by applying magnetic resonance imaging techniques and verified by H&E histopathological staining, AFP staining, and Ki67 staining. A single dose of 10 Gy X‐ray was applied to simulate clinical radiotherapy plans using image‐guided radiotherapy (IGRT) equipment. The efficiency of radiotherapy was then assessed by examining tumor size and weight one week after radiation. Cleaved‐caspase3 staining and TUNEL were used to assess apoptosis in tumor tissues.

Results

Intrahepatic tumor development was detected in the liver according using MRI. A high‐density shadow could be seen 10 days after cell injection, which indicated the formation of HCC in vivo. The tumors grew steadily bigger, and underwent precision radiotherapy 20 days after injection. The typical pathological characteristics of HCC, such as large, deeply stained nuclei and irregular cell size, were visible with H&E staining. After radiotherapy, significantly higher expression of the immunohistochemical markers Ki67 and AFP were detected in tumor tissue than in the nearby normal tissue. Compared with the control group, the tumor volume (p = 0.05) and weight (p < 0.05) of the irradiated group were significantly reduced. In addition, a higher frequency of apoptosis was identified in irradiated HCC tumor tissue using the TUNEL and cleaved‐caspase3 staining assay.

Conclusions

In a well‐established orthotopic HCC model, MRI was utilized to monitor the formation of tumors, and IGRT was used to simulate clinical radiotherapy. The present study could provide a suitable preclinical system for HCC radiotherapy‐related studies.
Designing a label‐free electrochemical aptasensor based on polypyrrole‐l‐cysteine‐reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for detection of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3
Authors: Heydari Maryam , Rahbar Nadereh , Gholoobi Aida , Mohammadinejad Arash , Rezayi Majid
Published: June 2023

Reliable and precise quantification of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 in clinical samples is vital because vitamin D3 deficiency lead to several disorders, such as mental illness, osteoporosis, and coronavirus disease. Herein, we report the fabrication of a novel electrochemical aptasensor using a nanocomposite, including reduced graphene oxide, pyrrole, and l‐cysteine, for the sensitive detection of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3. Subsequently, the aptamer of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 was immobilized on the surface of the modified electrode. Differential pulse voltammetry signals were utilized for studying the binding and measurement of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 based on the oxidation peak. Under the optimum conditions, the designed electrochemical aptasensor exhibited a linear detection range of 0.001–150 nM, with a limit of detection of 0.006 nM. Furthermore, the proposed aptasensor selectively detected 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 compared to other analogs. Moreover, this aptasensor was successfully applied for the detection of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 in human serum samples, which were quantified by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method. The acceptable recoveries of 82.67%–111.07% demonstrated that this proposed electrochemical aptasensor can be a promising alternative for clinical methods of vitamin D determination.
Mitigation of Binder Migration Behavior during the Drying Process by Applying an Electric Field for Fast‐Charging in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Park Keemin , Ryu Myeungwoo , Jung Yongmin , Yoo Hee Eun , Myeong Seungcheol , Lee Dongsoo , Kim Soo Chan , Kim Chanho , Kim Jeongheon , Kwon Jiseok , Lee Kangchun , Cho Chae‐Woong , Paik Ungyu , Song Taeseup
Published: June 2023

The binder migration due to the capillary force‐driven solvent evaporation during the drying process in the electrode manufacturing process induces inhomogeneous binder distribution in the electrode, which deteriorates Li‐ion kinetics and corresponding poor fast‐charging properties in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Here, we report an effective strategy to mitigate the binder migration behavior by applying an electric field during the drying process. As the employed carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) binders have a negative charge in an aqueous anode slurry system (pH 7), the binder migration behavior could be mitigated by generating an electrical attraction force into the bottom direction by positive electrification of the current collector. The anode prepared with electric field exhibits homogeneous binder distribution in the longitudinal direction, which enhances Li‐ion kinetics, corresponding constant current charging capacity, and cycling stability compared to those of the anode prepared without electric field.
An assessment of the impact of Raman based glucose feedback control on CHO cell bioreactor process development
Authors: Gibbons Luke , Maslanka Francis , Le Nikky , Magill Al , Singh Pankaj , Mclaughlin Joseph , Madden Fiona , Hayes Ronan , McCarthy Barry , Rode Christopher , O'Mahony Jim , Rea Rosemary , O'Mahony‐Hartnett Caitlin
Published: June 2023

Process analytical technology (PAT) tools such as Raman Spectroscopy have become established tools for real time measurement of CHO cell bioreactor process variables and are aligned with the QbD approach to manufacturing. These tools can have a significant impact on process development if adopted early, creating an end‐to‐end PAT/QbD focused process. This study assessed the impact of Raman based feedback control on early and late phase development bioreactors by using a Raman based PLS model and PAT management system to control glucose in two CHO cell line bioreactor processes. The impact was then compared to bioreactor processes which used manual bolus fed methods for glucose feed delivery. Process improvements were observed in terms of overall bioreactor health, product output and product quality. Raman controlled batches for Cell Line 1 showed a reduction in glycation of 43.4% and 57.9%, respectively. Cell Line 2 batches with Raman based feedback control showed an improved growth profile with higher VCD and viability and a resulting 25% increase in overall product titer with an improved glycation profile. The results presented here demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy can be used in both early and late‐stage process development and design for consistent and controlled glucose feed delivery.
Is no feedback perceived as a risk in online reviews?
Authors: Hwang JiWon , Han EunKyoung
Published: June 2023

Online reviews are critical in consumer decision‐making regarding making online purchases. Given that reviews allow consumers to leave personal feedback about a product or service, it is unclear why some choose not to. This study is an examination of whether consumers tend to perceive no feedback as a sign of risk in online product listings along with the effects of no feedback on purchase intention. Regulatory focus theory is also applied to elucidate the differences in perceived risk between offerings with either high or low numbers of transactions accompanied by no feedback. Through online survey, data were gathered with 450 participants who had used any online marketplaces within 3 months. Consumers with a focus on both prevention and promotion perceive higher risk when there are many transactions with no feedback (high number of no‐feedback condition), whereas consumers with a promotion focus perceive significantly lower risk when there are few transactions with no feedback (low number of no‐feedback condition). From the analyses of regression and structural equation modeling, perceived risk negatively affected purchase intention in both the high and low number of no‐feedback condition. Also in both the promotion and prevention focus groups, purchase intention is significantly higher in the low no feedback condition than the high no feedback. This study's findings confirm that consumers perceive offerings with high no feedback as high risk.
Urinary bladder metastasis from suspected second primary breast cancer presenting with ambiguous lower urinary tract symptoms: A case report and literature review
Authors: Chang‐Chieh Liao , Yen‐Chuan Ou , Min‐Che Tung , Wei‐Shiang Hu , Tang‐Yi Tsao , Chao‐Yu Hsu
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

Common urinary symptoms may arise from metastases from uncommon sites. In patients with a history of cancer, the focus should be on the currently affected organ and the status of the underlying malignancy.
Stroke prevention in an octogenarian with atrial fibrillation, cerebral amyloid angiopathy and intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Stöllberger Claudia , Finsterer Josef , Schneider Birke
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

Left‐atrial‐appendage‐closure (LAAC) is suggested as alternative to antiplatelet/anticoagulant therapy (AP/AC) for stroke‐prevention in patients with cerebral‐amyloid‐angiopathy (CAA), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and atrial fibrillation (AF). Disadvantages of LAAC are the need for postinterventional AP and impairment of left atrial function, thus promoting heart‐failure. Therefore, in an 83‐year‐old edoxaban‐treated AF‐patient with ICH and CAA, only antihypertensive therapy with neither AP/AC nor LAAC was recommended. Twenty‐seven months without stroke/ICH support this strategy, which needs confirmation by a randomized‐trial.
A comparison of the effects of NOAC and VKA therapy on the incidence of dementia in patients with atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Fan Weiguo , Su Yuhao , Hong Kui
Published: June 2023

Atrial fibrillation (AF) patients are more susceptible to dementia, but the results about the effect of oral anticoagulants (OACs) on the risk of dementia are not consistent. We hypothesize that OAC is associated with a reduced risk of dementia with AF and that nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOAC) are superior to vitamin K antagonists (VKA). Four databases were systematically searched until July 1, 2022. Two reviewers independently selected literature, evaluated quality, and extracted data. Data were examined using pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Fourteen research studies involving 910 patients were enrolled. The findings indicated that OACs were associated with a decreased risk of dementia (pooled HR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.55–0.82, I2 = 87.7%), and NOACs had a stronger effect than VKAs (pooled HR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.79–0.95, I2 = 72%), especially in participants with a CHA2DS2VASc score ≥ 2 (pooled HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.72–0.99). Subgroup analysis demonstrated no statistical significance among patients aged <65 years old (pooled HR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.64–1.07), patients in “based on treatment” studies (pooled HR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.75–1.06), or people with no stroke background (pooled HR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.71–1.15). This analysis revealed that OACs were related to the reduction of dementia incidence in AF individuals, and NOACs were better than VKAs, remarkably in people with a CHA2DS2VASc score ≥ 2. The results should be confirmed by further prospective studies, particularly in patients in “based on treatment” studies aged <65 years old with a CHA2DS2VASc score < 2 or without a stroke background.
Carbon‐Coated Porous Hollow Silicon Microspheres for High‐Capacity and Durable Lithium Storage
Authors: Yang Yumei , He Ruhan , Zhuang Dingyue , Chen Ran , Li Qi , Mai Liqiang , Zhou Liang
Published: June 2023

Silicon‐based materials are promising lithium‐ion battery (LIB) anodes owing to their natural abundance and high capacity. However, their practical application is restricted by the poor electrical conductivity and large volume expansion. Herein, we successfully construct carbon coated porous hollow silicon microspheres (Si‐40@C) as LIB anode materials, which are derived from the acid etching of commercial AlSi alloy with subsequent chemical vapor deposition carbon coating. The porous hollow structure of Si‐40@C buffers the volume variation and promotes the transportation of Li+; the carbon coating enhances the overall conductivity as well as structural stability. The as‐prepared Si‐40@C porous hollow microspheres deliver a high reversible capacity (2029 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1), good cyclability (1668 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.2 A g−1), and an ideal rate capability (1200 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1).
Measurement of GLUT4 Traffic to and from the Cell Surface in Muscle Cells
Authors: Antonescu Costin N. , Ishikura Shuhei , Bilan Philip J. , Klip Amira
Published: June 2023

Elevated blood glucose following a meal is cleared by insulin‐stimulated glucose entry into muscle and fat cells. The hormone increases the amount of the glucose transporter GLUT4 at the plasma membrane in these tissues at the expense of preformed intracellular pools. In addition, muscle contraction also increases glucose uptake via a gain in GLUT4 at the plasma membrane. Regulation of GLUT4 levels at the cell surface could arise from alterations in the rate of its exocytosis, endocytosis, or both. Hence, methods that can independently measure these traffic parameters for GLUT4 are essential to understanding the mechanism of regulation of membrane traffic of the transporter. Here, we describe cell population–based assays to measure the steady‐state levels of GLUT4 at the cell surface, as well as to separately measure the rates of GLUT4 endocytosis and endocytosis. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Measuring steady‐state cell surface GLUT4myc

Basic Protocol 2: Measuring steady‐state cell surface GLUT4‐HA

Basic Protocol 3: Measuring GLUT4myc endocytosis

Basic Protocol 4: Measuring GLUT4myc exocytosis
Mechanisms of Arrestin‐Mediated Signaling
Authors: Gurevich Vsevolod V. , Gurevich Eugenia V.
Published: June 2023

Arrestins were first discovered as proteins that selectively bind active phosphorylated GPCRs and suppress (arrest) their G protein–mediated signaling. Nonvisual arrestins are also recognized as signaling proteins regulating a variety of cellular pathways. Arrestins are highly flexible; they can assume many different conformations. In their receptor‐bound conformation, arrestins have higher affinity for a subset of binding partners. This explains how receptor activation regulates certain branches of arrestin‐dependent signaling via arrestin recruitment to GPCRs. However, free arrestins are also active molecular entities that regulate other signaling pathways and localize signaling proteins to particular subcellular compartments. Recent findings suggest that the two visuals, arrestin‐1 and arrestin‐4, which are expressed in photoreceptor cells, not only regulate signaling via binding to photopigments but also interact with several nonreceptor partners, critically affecting the health and survival of photoreceptor cells. Detailed in this overview are GPCR‐dependent and independent modes of arrestin‐mediated regulation of cellular signaling. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.