bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The multiple fields created by two perfectly‐conducting punches on piezoelectric/piezomagnetic materials with anisotropy
Authors: Zhou Yue‐Ting , Lee Kang Yong , Jang Yong Hoon , Li Jian
Published: February 2017

This article proposes an analytical model of two perfectly conducting punches acting on piezoelectric/piezomagnetic materials with anisotropy. For six types of distinct or repeated roots, related auxiliary function are obtained. The closed‐form solutions of the reduced integral equations are derived for two electrically‐conducting and magnetically‐conducting flat punches. The stress, electric displacement and magnetic induction intensity factors at both edges of each punch are given explicitly in terms of the distance between the two punches and the width of each punch. Numerical test is done to demonstrate the contributions of the distances between the two flat punches and various material properties on the contact behaviors. The obtained results delineate that at the outer edges, there has stronger strength for the singularities of the surface contact stress, surface electric displacement and surface magnetic induction compared with that at the inner edges.
Glasgow Prognostic Score and Prognosis After Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Abe Tomoyuki , Tashiro Hirotaka , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Hattori Minoru , Kuroda Shintaro , Ohdan Hideki
Published: February 2017

Background

Systemic inflammation can promote tumor growth. The Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), a simple assessment of systemic inflammation status, could be useful to predict the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after hepatectomy.

Methods

Consecutive HCC patients were enrolled following hepatectomy at our institution between 2005 and 2012. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify variables associated with overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival. Patients were stratified according to the GPS. To minimize selection bias, propensity score analysis was performed.

Results

An elevated GPS (1–2), des‐gamma carboxyprothrombin levels (≥40 mAU/mL), and the presence of multiple tumors were significantly associated with a poor OS. Alpha‐fetoprotein levels (≥20.0 ng/mL), des‐gamma carboxyprothrombin levels (≥40 mAU/mL), and the presence of multiple tumors were independent risk factors for a poor recurrence‐free survival. After one‐to‐one matching, 92 patients each with a normal GPS (0) and an elevated GPS (1–2) had similar preoperative and operative characteristics. Poorer OS times in patients with an elevated GPS were confirmed by excluding possible misinterpretation.

Conclusions

An elevated GPS was an independent prognostic indicator for OS after hepatectomy in HCC patients. The GPS, which employs inexpensive and readily available biomarkers, could be a novel tool for predicting survival in such patients.
Thrombotic and Infectious Morbidity Are Associated with Transfusion in Posterior Spine Fusion
Authors: Johnson Daniel J. , Johnson Christine C. , Cohen David B. , Wetzler Joshua A. , Kebaish Khaled M. , Frank Steven M.
Published: February 2017

Background

Although previous investigators have established an association between blood transfusion and adverse outcomes, the relative frequency of different morbid events and the association with transfusion dose are not well understood.

Questions/Purposes

The purpose of the study is to characterize the relationship between blood transfusion and different types of morbidity after posterior spine fusion.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed electronic medical records for 963 patients who underwent posterior spinal fusion surgery at a single institution, of which 603 (62.6%) received an allogeneic blood transfusion. Then, we assessed patient and surgical characteristics in a risk-adjusted fashion to identify various morbid event rates and independent predictors in these adverse outcomes.

Results

Compared to the non-transfused patients, transfused patients had a higher incidence of any morbid event (9.1 vs. 2.5%. P < 0.0001), thrombotic events (4.6 vs. 1.1%, P = 0.0025), and hospital-acquired infections (2.3 vs. 0.6%, P = 0.039). Renal, respiratory, and ischemic morbidity occurred less frequently and were not more common in transfused patients. Risk-adjusted analysis revealed a dose-response effect, whereby for each unit of allogeneic blood transfused, the risks of any morbid event (OR 1.183; 95% CI 1.103–1.274; P < 0.0001), thrombotic complication (OR 1.104; 95% CI 1.032–1.194; P = 0.0035), and infectious complication (OR 1.182; 95% CI 1.077–1.332; P = 0.0002) were increased.

Conclusion

Our data demonstrate risk-adjusted and transfusion dose-related increases in perioperative morbidity, with thrombotic and infectious events being the most common.
How Consumers Respond to Incentivized Word of Mouth: An Examination across Gender
Authors: Tercia Christiana Yosevina , Teichert Thorsten
Published: February 2017

While word-of-mouth (WOM) activities may be planned by marketers, customers have to execute them. And although marketers may attempt to encourage customers to do so by providing either unconditional or conditional incentives, customers have the ultimate control whether or not they execute WOM-related activities. WOM senders’ actions might be somewhat aligned with a company's objectives, but marketers have even less control over the responses of WOM receivers. Thus, from the receivers’ perspective, this paper examines how incentivized WOM should be designed to boost the success of a marketing program. The theory of planned behavior serves as a framework to explain both the internal and the external drivers that determine receivers’ reactions to WOM stimuli. An experimental design is applied to investigate different modes of mobile coupons as a novel tool of WOM. Gender is identified as a major source of heterogeneity in receivers’ responses. Results show that incentives’ conditionality exerts a negative impact on receivers’ responses. The inequality of incentives does significant harm to WOM campaigns that are aimed at male consumers. By contrast, external drivers exert a particularly strong influence on females’ reaction to WOM stimuli. Situations of reciprocity reduce women's perceived behavioral control and thereby increase their likelihood to execute the desired WOM action. Research findings hint at the need to design gender-specific incentive schemes to foster WOM.
Epigenetic regulation of RELN and GAD1 in the frontal cortex (FC) of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) subjects
Authors: Zhubi Adrian , Chen Ying , Guidotti Alessandro , Grayson Dennis R.
Published: February 2017

Both Reelin (RELN) and glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD1) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). We have previously shown that both mRNAs are reduced in the cerebella (CB) of ASD subjects through a mechanism that involves increases in the amounts of MECP2 binding to the corresponding promoters. In the current study, we examined the expression of RELN, GAD1, GAD2, and several other mRNAs implicated in this disorder in the frontal cortices (FC) of ASD and CON subjects. We also focused on the role that epigenetic processes play in the regulation of these genes in ASD brain. Our goal is to better understand the molecular basis for the down‐regulation of genes expressed in GABAergic neurons in ASD brains.

We measured mRNA levels corresponding to selected GABAergic genes using qRT‐PCR in RNA isolated from both ASD and CON groups. We determined the extent of binding of MECP2 and DNMT1 repressor proteins by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. The amount of 5‐methylcytosine (5mC) and 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) present in the promoters of the target genes was quantified by methyl DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) and hydroxyl MeDIP (hMeDIP).

We detected significant reductions in the mRNAs associated with RELN and GAD1 and significant increases in mRNAs encoding the Ten‐eleven Translocation (TET) enzymes 1, 2, and 3. We also detected increased MECP2 and DNMT1 binding to the corresponding promoter regions of GAD1, RELN, and GAD2. Interestingly, there were decreased amounts of 5mC at both promoters and little change in 5hmC content in these same DNA fragments.

Our data demonstrate that RELN, GAD1, and several other genes selectively expressed in GABAergic neurons, are down‐regulated in post‐mortem ASD FC. In addition, we observed increased DNMT1 and MECP2 binding at the corresponding promoters of these genes. The finding of increased MECP2 binding to the RELN, GAD1 and GAD2 promoters, with reduced amounts of 5mC and unchanged amounts of 5hmC present in these regions, suggests the possibility that DNMT1 interacts with and alters MECP2 binding properties to selected promoters. Comparisons between data obtained from the FC with CB studies showed some common themes between brain regions which are discussed.
Cosmic microspheres in the Carboniferous deposits of the Usolka section (Urals foredeep)
Authors: Sungatullin R.Kh. , Sungatullina G.M. , Zakirov M.I. , Tsel’movich V.A. , Glukhov M.S. , Bakhtin A.I. , Osin Yu.N. , Vorob’ev V.V.
Published: February 2017

Magnetite microspheres from the Carboniferous deposits of the Usolka reference section were studied by probe microanalysis, with comparison of the distributions of chemical elements and microspheres. The presence of microspheres in sedimentary strata is considered to be an additional factor for stratigraphic correlation between sedimentary sections. The microspheres are shown to be of cosmic nature. The Late Paleozoic paleoclimatic changes (extreme cooling) and biotic crises were caused by the periodical Solar System motion in the Galaxy, cosmic-dust fallout, and meteorite bombardments of the Earth.
Paleomagnetism and magnetostratigraphy of Upper Cretaceous and Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary intervals, southern Kulunda basin (West Siberia)
Authors: Gnibidenko Z.N. , Levicheva A.V. , Semakov N.N. , Rusanov G.G.
Published: February 2017

The study presents new paleomagnetic data on the Upper Cretaceous and Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary intervals of the southern Kulunda basin (Alei area), which were obtained from core samples collected from a 305-m-thick section penetrated in two wells. The paleomagnetic sections of each well were compiled and correlated based on the characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM). Paleomagnetic, geological, stratigraphic, and paleontological data were used to compile the Upper Cretaceous and Cretaceous–Paleogene magnetostratigraphic section of the southern Kulunda basin. The magnetostratigraphic section consists of five magnetozones, one normal polarity zone, and four reversed polarity zones spanning the Upper Cretaceous and Lower Paleogene. The lower part of the Gan’kino Horizon, showing normal polarity, forms a single normal polarity magnetozone N. The upper part of the Gan’kino Horizon comprises two reversed polarity magnetozones (R1km and R2mt). The Talitsa and Lyulinvor Formations of Lower Paleogene age correspond to two reversed polarity magnetozones (R1zl an R2i). The compiled Upper Cretaceous and Lower Paleogene magnetostratigraphic section was correlated with the geomagnetic polarity time scale. Two options were considered for correlating the lower normal polarity part of the section with geomagnetic polarity time scale of Gradstein.
Approximation properties of -expansions II
Authors: BAKER SIMON
Published: February 2017

Let $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}\in (1,2)$ be a real number. For a function $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F9}:\mathbb{N}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}_{\geq 0}$, define $W_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F9})$ to be the set of $x\in \mathbb{R}$ such that for infinitely many $n\in \mathbb{N},$ there exists a sequence $(\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}_{i})_{i=1}^{n}\in \{0,1\}^{n}$ satisfying $0\leq x-\sum _{i=1}^{n}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}_{i}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}^{i})\leq \unicode[STIX]{x1D6F9}(n)$. In Baker [Approximation properties of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$-expansions. Acta Arith. 168 (2015), 269–287], the author conjectured that for Lebesgue almost every $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}\in (1,2)$, the condition $\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }2^{n}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F9}(n)=\infty$ implies that $W_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F9})$ is of full Lebesgue measure within $[0,1/(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}-1)]$. In this paper we make a significant step towards proving this conjecture. We prove that given a sequence of positive real numbers $(\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{n})_{n=1}^{\infty }$ satisfying $\lim _{n\rightarrow \infty }\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{n}=\infty$, for Lebesgue almost every $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}\in (1.497,\ldots ,2)$, the set $W_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{n}\cdot 2^{-n})$ is of full Lebesgue measure within $[0,1/(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}-1)]$. We also study the case where $\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }2^{n}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F9}(n)<\infty$ in which the set $W_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F9})$ has Lebesgue measure zero. Applying the mass transference principle developed by Beresnevich and Velani in [A mass transference principle and the Duffin–Schaeffer conjecture for Hausdorff measures. Ann. of Math. (2) 164(3) (2006), 971–992], we obtain some results on the Hausdorff dimension and the Hausdorff measure of $W_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F9})$.
Publications sur l'ancienne Afrique française au sud du Sahara
Authors: Cornevin Robert
Published: February 2017

Le nombre de publications s'intérressant à l'Afrique est de plus en plus grand et il est de plus en plus difficile de couvir l'ensemble de la documentation concernant l'Afrique noire.

Dans cet article, nous ne donnerons qu'un bref aperçu de l'ensemble des publications. Nous n'envisagerons ici que l'Afrique noire à l'exclusion de Madagascar, encore que de nombreuses revues citees concernent egalement la grand ile.

Une remarque préliminaire s'impose, c'est, le domaine des sciences naturelles excepte, l'absence de spécialisation veritable des revues qui concernent soit l'ancien domaine colonial, soit ce que nous appelons maintenant le Tiers Monde.

A cette absence de spécialisation des revues, correspond bien souvent une absence de spécialisation des articles, tel article sur une tribu du Centre-Afrique ou du Nord-Dahomey faisant intervenir simultanément la géographie, l'histoire, l'ethnologie, la religion, le développement économique etc.
Africana at Duquesne University Library
Authors: Lee Hwa-Wei
Published: February 2017

Interest in African studies has long been an established tradition of Duquesne University and its founders, the Fathers of the Congregation of the Holy Ghost, who began missionary work in Africa in the year 1778. By this tradition, books on Africa have been treasured ever since the University Library came into existence.

In November 1956, with the inauguration of the new Institute of African Affairs at Duquesne, special efforts were made to develop the collection to include large quantities of government documents, serial publications and books, and to enlist the active interest and assistance of Holy Ghost Fathers in obtaining and preserving material on Africa. The initial steps taken were all well received. Invaluable source materials poured in from the continent of Africa and from all over the world. This greatly strengthened the original collection.
West African Languages Congress
Authors: Greenberg Joseph
Published: February 2017

The Third West African Languages Congress took place in Freetown, Sierra Leone, from March 26 to April 1, 1963. This was the third of the annual meetings of those interested in West African languages sponsored by the West African Languages Survey, previous meetings having been held in Accra (1961) and Dakar (1962). The West African Languages Survey is a Ford Foundation project. Additional financial assistance from UNESCO and other sources contributed materially to the scope and success of the meeting.

This meeting was larger than previous ones both in attendance and in number of papers presented and, it may be said, in regard to the scientific level of the papers presented. The official participants, seventy-two in number, came from virtually every country in West Africa, from Western European countries and from the United States. The linguistic theme of the meeting was the syntax of West African languages, and a substantial portion of the papers presented were on this topic. In addition, there was for the first time at these meetings a symposium on the teaching of English, French and African languages in Africa. The papers of this symposium will be published in the forthcoming series of monographs planned as a supplement to the new Journal of West African Languages. The other papers are to appear in the Journal of African Languages edited by Jack Berry of the School of Oriental and African Studies.
Comment: African Arts and Political Science
Authors: Coleman James S.
Published: February 2017

The study of Africa has helped to further several healthy trends in the development of the discipline of political science. Confrontation with the rich variety of structural forms and modes of human expression of contemporary Africa has compelled the political analyst to look beyond the narrow “political” realm and conventional “political” structures for a more complete understanding and explanation of political phenomena. This African impact upon the discipline has come at a most propitious time—a time of intensive self-criticism from which at least three new emphases in research are beginning to emerge. One is the holistic approach reflected in efforts to classify and to compare political systems as wholes. A second approach, obviously related to the first but independently pursued by its proponents, is an ever-increasing explicit concern with non-political factors (e. g., the family, voluntary associations, the economic system, the social stratification system, cultural values, and so forth) as they may be related to and effect the political system and political behavior. Here, the impact of other disciplines, and particularly sociology, anthropology and psychology, is clearly manifest not only in the type of data gathered but in such neologisms as “political socialization” and “political acculturation.”
Anang Art, Drama, and Social Control
Authors: Messenger John C.
Published: February 2017

Carving, raffia weaving, and appliqueing are the main art forms of the northern Anang of Calabar Province, Nigeria. A great variety of carved and woven objects is produced by numerous Anang artisans, many of whom exhibit a high order of talent, especially when creating artifacts for traditional (rather than tourist) usage. Unfortunately, the appliqueing of funeral cloths for ritualistic purposes is a rapidly disappearing art, while the painting of funeral murals to serve the same end, which preceded and for a time was practiced concurrently with appliqueing, has disappeared altogether.

Both-carvers and weavers serve the nineteen Anang voluntary associations, of which seven are religious groups, five are social, five are orchestral, and two are dramatic. Four of the associations employ wooden masks, four raffia masks and costumes, and two wooden puppets, and all utilize an assortment of minor carved and woven articles produced by professional artisans. This paper will be concerned with the use of wooden masks, puppets, and figurines by one of the drama associations——in plays which are presented to amuse audiences by ridiculing the motives and actions of well-known individuals and groups. All of the Anang associations have social control functions as regards their membership or the larger community, or both, but , through its system of rules governing the behavior of members and through its plays acted by humans and puppets, exerts the broadest measure of social control of any association-over individuals, kinship and political groups, other associations, and even the missions and, at one time, the colonial government.
Taking Sides in Wars of Attrition
Authors: POWELL ROBERT
Published: February 2017

Third parties often have a stake in the outcome of a conflict and can affect that outcome by taking sides. This article studies the factors that affect a third party's decision to take sides in a civil or interstate war by adding a third actor to a standard continuous-time war of attrition with two-sided asymmetric information. The third actor has preferences over which of the other two actors wins and for being on the winning side conditional on having taken sides. The third party also gets a flow payoff during the fighting which can be positive when fighting is profitable or negative when fighting is costly. The article makes four main contributions: First, it provides a formal framework for analyzing the effects of endogenous intervention on the duration and outcome of the conflict. Second, it identifies a “boomerang” effect that tends to make alignment decisions unpredictable and coalitions dynamically unstable. Third, it yields several clear comparative-static results. Finally, the formal analysis has implications for empirical efforts to estimate the effects of intervention, showing that there may be significant selection and identification issues.
Neutrality and Security Policy as Components of the Swiss Model
Authors: Freymond Jean
Published: February 2017

IT IS NOT SO EASY TO DETECT THE SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE Helvetian model in the Switzerland of today. They should rather be sought in what has made Switzerland what it is in seven centuries of the association of different communities, often disunited, fiercely determined to maintain their own sovereignty and independence. Switzerland was born from the conviction that only a system of collective security would in the long term assure to each community the liberty to which all aspired. It was a double liberty: that which was threatened by external aggression, and that which had to be preserved against interference from those which one was committed to succour. For, in binding themselves, from the second half of the thirteenth century, by successive treaties of alliance, the first confederated cantons in no way surrendered their own liberties.

The system of collective security thus set up in the thirteenth century was the cornerstone on which Switzerland was built, its spinal column. The engagements formed in the pact of 1291 were set out in a few lines, and are still valid seven centuries later. They have certainly enabled the Confederation to stand up to external danger almost until the end of the Ancien Régime in 1798. It is these secular experiences in matters of collective security which have inspired and, after many changes, fashioned modern Swiss security policy.
Extracts from an Article: The Campaign of the European Congresses
Authors: de Rougemont Denis
Published: February 2017

JUST AS THE REVOLUTION OF 1848 WAS PRECEDED BY A ‘campaign of banquets’, so, a hundred years later, the European revolution was announced by a ‘campaign of congresses’ spread over the years 1947–49. These congresses expressed the state of mind, and stimulated the major trends, of a heterogeneous and many-sided movement — a movement curiously inefficient in its tactics, and direct in its strategy, but to which the Council of Europe owes its existence, and because of which the Community of the Six has been able to take shape and to win the acceptance of public opinion, and hence of the parliaments and governments responsible to public opinion in those days.

Historians may argue that the congresses achieved nothing — and indeed we do not normally expect congresses to achieve much. Members of the same profession meet together to sit through tedious sessions and enjoy themselves all the better afterwards. But in those days, a strange driving passion, unknown to this generation, inspired the militants of Europeanism, and induced them to prefer the nightly labours of commissions and operas. It is the sense of this driving passion which must be communicated, if we are to convey the psychological and historical reality of the campaign of congresses, and pay due tribute to the influence it exerted. Their action should not be considered as that of a general seizing a military position, a law-giver imposing a legal structure, or even a medicine effecting a cure. Rather should it be regarded as a concerted concentration of psychic and psychological factors which prepare the ground and enable the organism to resorb certain poisons, overcome certain inhibitions and liberate new energies. It is such profound metamorphoses which really deserve the name of revolution.
Quality of life of young patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
Authors: Montaño-Velázquez B B , Nolasco-Renero J , Parada-Bañuelos J E , Garcia-Vázquez F , Flores-Medina S , García-Romero C S , Jáuregui-Renaud K
Published: February 2017

Objective:

To assess quality of life of children and teenagers with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, according to the evidence of infection by human papillomavirus types 6 and 11, compared with healthy volunteers and patients with chronic otitis media.

Method:

Participants and their parents completed the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0.

Results:

Patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis and their parents reported lower quality of life than healthy subjects (p < 0.01), but similar quality of life to patients with chronic otitis media. Those with human papillomavirus type 11 showed the lowest scores among all participants (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Young Mexican patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis and their parents perceive a poor quality of life, and they may experience limitations in interactions with their peers. Infection by human papillomavirus type 11 may increase the impact of the disease on quality of life.
Hippocampal subregion volume changes associated with antipsychotic treatment in first-episode psychosis
Authors: Rhindress K. , Robinson D. G. , Gallego J. A. , Wellington R. , Malhotra A. K. , Szeszko P. R.
Published: February 2017

Background

Hippocampal dysfunction is considered central to many neurobiological models of schizophrenia, yet there are few longitudinalin vivoneuroimaging studies that have investigated the relationship between antipsychotic treatment and morphologic changes within specific hippocampal subregions among patients with psychosis.

Method

A total of 29 patients experiencing a first episode of psychosis with little or no prior antipsychotic exposure received structural neuroimaging examinations at illness onset and then following 12 weeks of treatment with either risperidone or aripiprazole in a double-blind randomized clinical trial. In addition, 29 healthy volunteers received structural neuroimaging examinations at baseline and 12-week time points. We manually delineated six hippocampal subregions [i.e. anterior cornu ammonis (CA) 1–3, posterior CA1–3, subiculum, dentate gyrus/CA4, entorhinal cortex, and fimbria] from 3T magnetic resonance images using an established method with high inter- and intra-rater reliability.

Results

Following antipsychotic treatment patients demonstrated significant reductions in dentate gyrus/CA4 volume and increases in subiculum volume. Healthy volunteers demonstrated non-significant volumetric changes in these subregions across the two time points. We observed a significant quadratic (i.e. inverted U) association between changes in dentate gyrus/CA4 volume and cumulative antipsychotic dosage between the scans.

Conclusions

This study provides the first evidence to our knowledge regarding longitudinalin vivovolumetric changes within specific hippocampal subregions in patients with psychosis following antipsychotic treatment. The finding of a non-linear relationship between changes in dentate gyrus/CA4 subregion volume and antipsychotic exposure may provide new avenues into understanding dosing strategies for therapeutic interventions relevant to neurobiological models of hippocampal dysfunction in psychosis.
Preface
Authors: Schneider Gretchen
Published: February 2017

With this tribute to Dr. Juana de Laban, Dance Research Journal acknowledges the part that the whole life of the scholar plays in one's contribution to a field. In this particular case, we are trying to show the multiplicity of experiences that Juana de Laban brought to her profession. Although well-recognized as a teacher and a scholar, Juana's early life and her professional dancing career remained a mystery to many of her colleagues, friends, and students. The field of dance research, new by the standards of many disciplines, has been the product of a number of dedicated individuals, many of whom are still living. How we can responsibly document their lives, and in the process, the discipline of dance studies, is a question to which these articles on Juana de Laban attempt a response.
Tributes to Selma Jeanne Cohen
Authors: Chazin-Bennahum Judith , Au Susan , Woodruff Dianne L. , Vaughan David , Dorris George
Published: February 2017

In 1953, we sat in a small, harshly lit room in the old High School of Performing Arts building on 46th Street and Broadway, our legs hanging, perched or straggled on chairs in front of us. We were tired from hours of technique and rehearsals, coming straight from the studio in our worn tights and warmers. A small woman with red curls and glasses spoke intensely about Louis XIV's court ballets; she evoked a world of magic, opulence, and beauty. I remember looking around me and thinking that if I had lived then, things would be very different. And I also remember thinking how kind of this woman to let us sit in such an unladylike way in her Dance History class.

Selma Jeanne Cohen has always understood her purpose in the world, and she tolerated many mishaps for her goal—to create an academic discipline out of this amusing art form. Tired as we were, we were transfixed by the clarity of her detailed descriptions of the seventeenth-century ballet form. She was straightforward, substantive, and loving.
Introduction
Authors: Siegel Marcia B.
Published: February 2017

When I was asked to organize a panel for the 2001 Congress on Research in Dance (CORD) conference in honor of my friend and colleague Deborah Jowitt, I thought of calling it “Life After Dance.” I was thinking about how research and writing can be a way for dancers to go on living in their profession when they're no longer actively dancing, as Deborah Jowitt has done. But I also see the products of dance research as giving life back to the profession. I wanted the session to approach research from different points of view. The four presenters I invited here are all friends of Deborah Jowitt; all of them are writers and teachers. Their papers revealed four very different personalities, actively engaged in interpreting dance as a presence in our lives.
Dance and the Political: States of Exception
Authors: Franko Mark
Published: February 2017

My first idea was to compare Ausdruckstanz literature to work in other fields on the theorization of fascist aesthetics. This would establish a critical framework for the vexed question of the fascistization of German modern dance. As the research of Susan Manning, Marion Kant, and Laure Guilbert has made patently evident, Ausdruckstanz begs the question of dance and politics because of the easy and massive accommodation of German modern dance to the cultural policies of the Third Reich. The history of Ausdruckstanz has long been veiled, but the original research of these scholars persuades us to reconsider dance modernism from the political perspective. An early twentieth-century avant-garde art movement and an authoritarian state apparatus encounter each other at a moment crucial in the development of each; something new is being created, both artistically and politically, that reveals contradictory forces and tendencies at work. Only when these dance scholars lifted the veil and rewrote history could we begin to perceive dance in the full light of the political. They have inaugurated an area of inquiry that requires further work. But any serious critical development of dance study methodology must also be tested against their re-evaluation Ausdruckstanz.
“Oh, You Black Bottom!” Appropriation, Authenticity, and Opportunity in the Jazz Dance Teaching of 1920s New York
Authors: Robinson Danielle
Published: February 2017

Head tossed back wearing a mile-wide grin, ecstatic arms stretched to the sky, jutting knees counterbalancing a substantial backside—the Jazz Age had no symbol more potent than the moving black body (Figure 1). Nearly always an illustration, and in many cases a caricature, these images depicted anonymous black movers rather than recognizable individuals. Yet, looking beyond this superficial representation, it was actually visibly white dance professionals who primarily marketed jazz steps to the American public as teachers and choreographers. A quick glance through the pages of the nascent Dance Magazine of the 1920s reveals numerous jass dance routines with names such as “High Yaller,” “Pickin’ Cotton,” “The Savannah Stomp,” and the “Hula-Charleston,” each represented by a specific white Broadway performer (Fig. 2). Standing just behind each dancer, however, is a dark dancing figure that remains nameless and faceless.
Iranian Urban Popular Social Dance and So-Called Classical Dance: A Comparative Investigation in the District of Tehran
Authors: Ameri Azardokht
Published: February 2017

Some readers may find the style and organization of Ms. Ameri's article different from those that they are used to finding in Dance Research Journal. One must keep in mind that in Iran the performance of dance, with the exception of male folk dancing in front of all-male audiences, has been banned for over twenty-five years. Even the performance of solo improvised dance in private parties, such as weddings, can result in severe punishment. Prior to the 1978/79 revolution only one serious, but deeply flawed, article (Zoka' 1979) in Persian had appeared in print. Ms. Ameri's article is a pioneering effort, the first serious scholarly article to appear in print in Iran by an Iranian in a quarter of a century, and one that the reader can more readily appreciate when he or she realizes that the research materials available to dance researchers in the West, Japan, and other parts of the world do not exist in Iran. Thus, the work Ms. Ameri undertook was burdened by a lack of knowledge of trends in contemporary dance research that many of us take as commonplace; the article took great personal courage to write.
Choreographing Postcoloniality: Reflections on the Passing of Edward Said
Authors: Browning Barbara
Published: February 2017

Nearly twenty years ago, I took a graduate seminar on postcolonial theory with Edward Said in the Department of Comparative Literature at Yale University. It was a heady experience: competitive grad students and young faculty members vied for his imperious (I realize the irony of the word in reference to Said!) attentions. We read novels—potent, searing, difficult novels—alongside some of the theorists of political struggle who would indelibly alter my understanding of what cultural resistance could mean. Said's recent death, which of course coincided with a period of distressing shifts in political tides, has placed pressure on those of us engaged with cultural analysis to probe even more deeply the significance of anticolonial struggle in cultural forms. As a dance scholar, I have found myself reflecting on the ways in which postcolonial theory might inform my understanding of the power of choreography to affect political change—but also on the ways in which dance can inform our readings of postcolonial theory.
Concert Dance in Israel
Authors: Eshel Ruth
Published: February 2017

Israel is a society of Jewish immigrants who have returned to their ancient biblical homeland. It is also a complex society made up of people of varied cultures and ideologies, enduring changing economic and political situations. For the past eighty years, Israeli dancers have reflected and helped to shape the internal dialogues of Israeli life and contributed to a global exchange of dance ideas, especially with modern dancers from Europe and America.

The independence of ancient Israel came to an end in C.E. 73, when Romans destroyed the Temple in Jerusalem after fierce battles with the Jews. The great revolt against Roman rule (132–135) failed, and in its wake the Romans banished the Jews from their country. Thus began a two-thousand-year exile, during which the Jews in the diaspora preserved their religion, suffered anti-Semitic persecutions, and dreamed of returning to their land, to Eretz Israel—Zion.
Precious Son, Reliable Daughter: Redefining Son Preference and Parent–Child Relations in Migrant Households in Urban China
Authors: Ling Minhua
Published: February 2017

This article examines the parent–child relations within rural-to-urban migrant households to explore the continuations and changes in the patrilineal family system under the forces of migration and urbanization in late-socialist China. Based on ethnographic data collected between 2008 and 2015 in Shanghai, it takes a processual approach to understand son preference as a contextualized family practice and examines four aspects of parent–child relations in migrant households: reproductive strategy, childrearing practices, educational investment, and parental expectation of adult children. Through exploring intimate negotiations between migrant parents and their children over material and emotional resources at different life stages, this article demonstrates how the gendered parent–child relations in migrant households in Shanghai have been shifting away from the traditional focus on sons and gradually giving way to pragmatic adjustments and emotional redefinition under the forces of socialist institutions and capitalist markets.
Bifurcation sets of families of reflections on surfaces in ℝ3
Authors: Giblin P. J. , Janeczko S.
Published: February 2017

We introduce a new affinely invariant structure on smooth surfaces in ℝ3 by defining a family of reflections in all points of the surface. We show that the bifurcation set of this family has a special structure at ‘ points’, which are not detected by the flat geometry of the surface. These points (without an associated structure on the surface) have also arisen in the study of the centre symmetry set; using our technique we are able to explain how the points are created and annihilated in a generic family of surfaces. We also present the bifurcation set in a global setting.
Zygosity Diagnosis of Twins by Questionnaire for Twins’ Mothers
Authors: Ooki S. , Yamada K. , Asaka A.
Published: February 2017

Subjects were 74 twin pairs, 61 MZs and 13 same-sexed DZs who entered the High School affiliated with Tokyo University, Japan. Their mothers also participated. The twins’ zygosity was previously identified by many genetic markers. This study aimed at clarifying the effectiveness of zygosity diagnosis by questionnaires distributed to twins’ mothers. The questionnaire consisted of three questions concerning the degree of similarity of twins at one year of age; whether they were confused, and if so, by whom. It was slightly modified from that reported earlier by Ooki et al [11] for twins themselves. According to the degree of similarity of the twins, points were allotted thus: from 1 to 3 points for answers to questions (1) and (2) and from 1 to 4 points for answers to questions (3). The sum of the points was calculated, then ranged from 3 to 10. Zygosity was determined by the sum of these points. If the sum was 3-6, the twin pairs were considered MZ and if the sum was 7-10 DZ. It was revealed that more than 90% of twins were identified correctly as MZ or DZ by applying this cutting point and this result was in accordance with that obtained by use of discriminant function analysis. Moreover, the accuracy of the mothers’ responses was nearly the same as that obtained by the questionnaire for twins themselves. It was concluded, therefore, that the information from twins’ mothers is as correct as that from twins themselves. This questionnaire is simple, practical and especially useful when twins are still too young to participate personally.
A comparison of annual layer thickness model estimates with observational measurements using the Berkner Island ice core, Antarctica
Authors: Massam A. , Sneed S.B. , Lee G.P. , Tuckwell R.R. , Mulvaney R. , Mayewski P.A. , Whitehouse P.L.
Published: February 2017

A model to estimate the annual layer thickness of deposited snowfall at a deep ice core site, compacted by vertical strain with respect to depth, is assessed using ultra-high-resolution laboratory analytical techniques. A recently established technique of high-resolution direct chemical analysis of ice using ultra-violet laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA ICP-MS) has been applied to ice from the Berkner Island ice core, and compared with results from lower resolution techniques conducted on parallel sections of ice. The results from both techniques have been analysed in order to assess the capability of each technique to recover seasonal cycles from deep Antarctic ice. Results do not agree with the annual layer thickness estimates from the age–depth model for individual samples <1 m long as the model cannot reconstruct the natural variability present in annual accumulation. However, when compared with sections >4 m long, the deviation between the modelled and observational layer thicknesses is minimized to within two standard deviations. This confirms that the model is capable of successfully estimating mean annual layer thicknesses around analysed sections. Furthermore, our results confirm that the LA ICP-MS technique can reliably recover seasonal chemical profiles beyond standard analytical resolution.
Methylated Spirits: Epigenetic Hypotheses of Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Stahl Stephen M.
Published: February 2017

Our spirits may be regulated by the methylation of our genes. Methylation, acetylation, and other biochemical processes are the molecular switches for turning genes on and off. There is evidence now that certain behaviors, feelings, and psychiatric symptoms may be modified by turning various genes on or off. If classical genetics is the sequence of DNA that is inherited, then epigenetics is a parallel process determining whether a given gene (ie, a sequence of DNA coding for transcription) is expressed into its RNA or is silenced. Epigenetics is now entering psychiatry with the hypothesis that normal genes as well as risk genes can both contribute to a mental disorder. That is, it has long been hypothesized that when “abnormal” genes with an altered sequence of DNA are inherited as risk genes for a mental illness, these risk genes will make an abnormal gene product in neurons, contributing to inefficient information processing in various brain circuits and creating risk for developing a symptom of a mental illness. Now comes the role of epigenetic actions in mental illnesses.
Assessing Effects of Treatment With Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate for Pediatric ADHD Using a Parental Survey
Authors: Antonucci Donna , Kunins Craig , Manos Michael , López Frank A. , Kerney Donna L.
Published: February 2017

Introduction:

Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) is a prodrug stimulant approved for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults and children 6–12 years of age. Parent surveys provide valuable information regarding the impact of ADHD treatments.

Methods:

Parents of children with ADHD beginning treatment with LDX voluntarily completed surveys through an automated telephone system or the Internet before and 6 weeks after LDX treatment initiation. Prescribing physicians received individual reports of the responses for each survey completed by their patients' parents. All patients whose parents completed both baseline and 6 week surveys were included in the analyses. Subgroup analyses were conducted for those previously treated with medications to treat ADHD, including mixed amphetamine salts-extended release.

Results:

LDX treatment was associated with a significant decrease in ADHD symptom interference with school activities, family interactions, homework, and social interactions (P<.01; N= 11,576). Parents rated satisfaction with LDX as significantly higher than with their child's previous treatment (P<.01). On average, global improvement, tolerability, convenience, and satisfaction with LDX were all highly rated.

Conclusion:

Patients treated with LDX showed significant symptom improvement and parents reported significantly greater satisfaction than with prior treatment.
Psychoticism and Paranoid Ideation in Patients With Nonpsychotic Major Depressive Disorder: Prevalence, Response to Treatment, and Impact on Short- and Long-Term Treatment Outcome
Authors: Dording Christina M. , Mischoulon David , Goodness Tracie M. , Baer Lee , Clain Alisabet , Stewart Jonathan W. , Matthews John D. , McGrath Patrick J. , Nierenberg Andrew A. , Fava Maurizio , Papakostas George I.
Published: February 2017

Objective/Introduction: We sought to characterize the impact of the 90-item Symptom Checklist (SCL-90) subscales for paranoid ideation (PI) and psychoticism (P) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), on acute anti-depressant response and on relapse prevention.

Methods: Subjects with Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders-diagnosed non-psychotic MDD were recruited into a clinical trial of open-label fluoxetine 10–60 mg/day for 12 weeks, followed by double-blind randomization of responders (n=262) to fluoxetine continuation or placebo for 12 months. PI and P were assessed with the patient-rated SCL-90. The association of these symptoms with response to treatment was assessed by logistic regression.

Results: We found significant decreases in PI and P during acute treatment phase for fluoxetine responders and nonresponders, although only 10.3% and 7.5% of patients experienced a ≥50% reduction in PI and P scores, respectively. Neither PI nor P scores significantly predicted time to relapse. P scores predicted a lower response rate to treatment with fluoxetine.

Discussion: The results of the present study suggest that there is a significant relationship between the presence of psychoticism in patients with nonpsychotic MDD, and the likelihood of overall depressive symptom improvement following a trial of monotherapy with fluoxetine.

Conclusion: An increased burden of psychoticism in depressed subjects may confer poorer response to fluoxetine, but not increased risk of relapse among fluoxetine responders.
A Psychobiological Rationale for Oxytocin in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Olff Miranda , Langeland Willie , Witteveen Anke , Denys Damiaan
Published: February 2017

Although cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), many patients fail to attain remission with CBT. The authors propose augmentation of CBT with oxytocin in the treatment of PTSD. Oxytocin has a combination of pharmacologic effects that result in a “sense of safety” for the patient, which is a prerequisite to successful treatment of PTSD. We suggest a dual explanatory mechanism as to why oxytocin may be effective: through a reduction of fear response (decreasing amygdala activation, inhibiting fear response, and enhancing extinction learning) and through an increase of social interaction (activating social reward-related brain regions increasing engagement in the therapeutic alliance). Given that PTSD is marked by deficits in anxiety/stress regulation and in social functioning, and that oxytocin is implicated in both of these areas, oxytocin seems a likely candidate for treatment of patients with PTSD. Further clinical studies of the therapeutic value of oxytocin are indicated.