bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Remedies and the Baumgartner Joint Endeavour Principle: Aspects of the Minimum Equity Rule
Authors: Williams Maxen
Published: February 2025

The doctrine in Baumgartner v Baumgartner – the joint endeavour principle – is now a firmly entrenched feature of Australian equity jurisprudence. However, substantial uncertainties remain as to its remedial operation. It is unclear when the principle can override other doctrines, such as resulting trusts and equitable estoppel, in providing a remedy. It is also unclear if the quantum and form of such a remedy can be determined in accordance with legal principle, including where interested third parties are present. These obscurities have led to significant academic criticism of the doctrine. This article argues that these uncertainties can be resolved by attention to the minimum equity rule: the notion that equity will only grant the minimum remedy necessary to relieve the conscience of the defendant. In so arguing, the joint endeavour principle is upheld, contrary to the academic commentary, as an example, par excellence, of the principled development of the law.
The Reality of Shareholder Ownership: For-profit Corporations as Slaves
Authors: Wallace Duncan
Published: February 2025

What is the relationship between shareholders and the corporation? The present scholarly consensus is that, whatever the relationship is, it is not one of owner and owned. This article contests that consensus. It argues that corporations are owned by their shareholders and, further, that corporations so-owned are slaves. In support of this contention, the Roman law of slavery is brought to bear as an important point of comparison, with various startling similarities between Roman slaves and for-profit corporations highlighted and drawn upon. The significance of identifying the for-profit corporation as a slave is that it provides a novel explanation for why corporations pathologically maximise profits. Further, by implication, it yields a proposal for addressing this problematic behaviour – that is, that for-profit corporations ought to be freed from their enslavement. The article has three substantive sections. The first discusses corporate personhood; the second corporate ownership; and the third free corporations.
Uncaria gambier Roxb flavonoid extraction, antibacterial activity assessment against Escherichia coli, and flavonoid bio-nanoparticle preparation
Authors: Suparno Suparno , Ariswan Ariswan , Kuswanto Heru , Lestari Eka Sentia Ayu , Grace Deby
Published: February 2025

Escherichia coli (E. coli) was reported to cause 1.7 billion diarrhea cases per year in Indonesia, with a population of 275 million projected for 2024. This study reports the successful use of natural flavonoids from the medicinal plant Uncaria gambier Roxb (UGR) against E. coli. The flavonoid extraction was performed using the decoction method on small pieces of very hard UGR stem to replicate the traditional method, which has been proven effective for generations. The flavonoid content was determined using the aluminum chloride colorimetric assay and visible spectrophotometry. The antibacterial assessment was carried out using the Kirby-Bauer method. Furthermore, bio-nanoparticles were created using filtration, centrifugation, and subsequent characterization using the dynamic light scattering technique. The results showed that the flavonoid content in UGR was (31.55 ± 0.29) mg QE/g. By using the prediction curve and employing the same concentration unit, namely %, the effectiveness of 5% chloramphenicol was found to be the same as that of 0.0225% flavonoids. E. coli showed resistance to 5% chloramphenicol after 39 hours, which continued to decrease slowly, as indicated by the reduction in clear zone diameter. However, it did not show resistance against the flavonoid at all concentrations up to the last measurement at 75 hours. These findings suggest that UGR can be a promising source of natural flavonoids that have been proven to be efficacious in combating E. coli.
Pedagogical basis of the development of future teachers’ didactic culture: Key components of formation
Authors: Kantayeva Gulnur , Baltynova Aizhan , Dossanova Altynay , Ainash Alzhanova , Ospanova Farida
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study is to explore how the development of professional and didactic culture is shaped by the pedagogical ideal of an integral teacher’s personality. It aims to understand how didactic culture influences the teacher's professional competence, self-regulation, and self-development, ultimately contributing to their overall professional and pedagogical effectiveness. This research adopts a qualitative and interpretive approach, focusing on the theoretical and conceptual analysis of the professional and didactic culture of future teachers. It integrates pedagogical, psychological, and sociological perspectives to examine the interplay between the teacher's personal qualities, professional knowledge, didactic skills, and their internal culture. The study employs a literature review and theoretical modeling to explore the dynamics of professional self-regulation and the role of internal culture in shaping teacher competence. It is highlighted that didactic culture plays a dual role in shaping the teacher's professional identity and competence. It not only provides a framework for the teacher's external professional image but also fosters an internal culture that drives self-development and self-regulation. This internal culture is a critical component of professional and pedagogical culture, enabling teachers to achieve and sustain high levels of competence.
Islamitische Afghaanse vluchtelingen in Nederland
Authors: Bender Michael , Van Osch Yvette , He Jia , Güngör Derya , Eldja Azim
Published: February 2025

Minorities who face negative interactions with other groups may experience both an increased identification with their ethnic group and a decreased identification with a majority group. First, we argue that it is important to understand the associations minorities have with negative interactions with other groups, especially among minorities who are rarely included in empirical research. Muslim refugees are often treated differently and experience more negative interactions than other immigrants. Second, we combine insights (a) about the role of religiosity in acculturation, suggesting that religiosity does not have positive effects on well-being in societies that do not value (a specific) religion (the religiosity-as-social-value hypothesis), and (b) insights from rejection (dis)identification models, to understand which aspects of being Muslim are associated with discrimination, (dis)identification, and well-being. The central research question is whether the religious practices of Muslims, but not their religious beliefs, coping mechanisms, or principles, are associated with increased perceived discrimination and identification, suggesting that this is due to the high visibility of such practices. Data from Islamic Afghan refugees in the Netherlands (N = 183) shows that only religious practices are positively related to perceived discrimination. Perceived discrimination intensifies the relationship between religious practices and disidentification with the majority group, as well as the relationship between religious practices and well-being. We propose that the visibility of an individual’s religious behavior is relevant to the outcomes of the acculturation process.
Czynniki żywieniowe w aspekcie profilaktyki chorób układu krążenia u funkcjonariuszy służb mundurowych
Authors: Białecka-Dębek Agata ,   Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego, Orysiak Joanna , Łastowiecka-Moras Elżbieta ,   Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Published: February 2025

Nutritional factors in the aspect of prevention of circulatory system diseases in uniformed services officers
Uniformed services officers make many dietary mistakes, which, combined with the nature of their work, stress and other factors, may
increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases in this professional group. The diet aimed at cardiovascular disease prevention
should primarily include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, legumes, fish and dairy products, while limiting red meat (especially
processed meat) and products containing saturated fatty acids and trans fats and/or table salt. It is important to emphasize that following the principles of a healthy diet ensures the provision of all essential nutrients and does not require additional supplementation.
Keywords: nutrition, nutrients, healthy diet
The key application of mathematics in wind energy generation
Authors: Jin Yifan
Published: February 2025

Applied mathematics aims to solve problems in various fields using mathematical methods, and it also plays an important role in wind power generation. This article introduces the fluid dynamics model and wind speed profile model established through mathematical modeling. These two models can deeply analyze the potential of wind energy and optimize the performance of turbines. By studying these models, we can further understand the operating mode and optimization space of wind energy, thereby promoting the development of wind energy technology. Improve power generation efficiency, understand its operating mode and optimization space, and promote the development of wind energy technology. Applied mathematics not only enhances the scientific design and implementation of wind power generation but also promotes the progress and sustainable development of renewable energy technology. This article points out that under the background of green energy, with the continuous deepening of data analysis and modeling technology, future wind power generation systems will be more efficient and reliable. Meanwhile, this article aims to make greater contributions to achieving global energy transition and addressing climate change, promoting the advancement and sustainable development of renewable energy technologies.
Improving the Quality of Decision Making for Investors: A Research under Behavioral Finance and Psychology
Authors: Lyu Jinze
Published: February 2025

Behavioral finance theory emerged as a response to concerns and shortcomings in existing financial theories, such as the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) and the Capital Allocation Pricing Model (CAPM), by incorporating elements of human psychology and behavior into the framework of finance research. The major difference between behavioral finance and classical financial theory (such as CAPM and EMH) lie in their assumptions and interpretations of investor behavior, particularly on whether investors are indeed rational or not. To deal with these crucial issues that behavioral finance raises, investors must first acknowledge the presence of these issue, understand the notion of them and how they influence decision-making, and be aware that their decisions may alter depending on the source and use of money. This paper aims at understanding the key crucial concepts of behavioral finance and presenting several ways to deal with the behavioral finance related issues. Loss aversion, overconfidence and mental accounting will be examined in detail in this paper to explore the reason behind these phenomenon and present ways to deal with these issues.
Balancing Autonomy and Human Oversight: A Review of Automation and Control Systems in Large-Scale Industrial Processes
Authors: Zhou Yuxuan
Published: February 2025

Automation and control systems have become indispensable components of modern industrial processes, permeating sectors such as automotive manufacturing, oil and gas production, logistics and warehousing, and countless other domains. As technology advances, questions arise about the optimal degree of automation, the necessary balance between human oversight and autonomous operation, and the most effective approaches to software platforms (open-source versus proprietary). This literature review aims to provide an exploration of automation and control systems within large-scale industrial contexts, illuminating the key debates, pinpointing research gaps, offering concrete examples, and grounding its observations in authoritative references. The discussion centers on what the future holds for industrial automation when considering fully autonomous systems versus hybrid models, along with the trade-offs between open-source software flexibility and proprietary frameworks.
Afghan Geopolitical Chessboard: The Interplay of Interest Groups and Persistent Instability
Authors: Yasmin Samina
Published: February 2025

Afghanistan has historically been under the attention of the superpower and the corrupt. Afghanistan has long been at the center of geopolitical rivalries, with external interventions exacerbating its socio-political instability). Therefore, the continuous interventions of nations and the competition of the major trans-regional and global powers have caused the crisis in Afghanistan. We assess how foreign interests and external interventions contribute to Afghanistan's instability through a historical and analytical approach. This study employs a historical and analytical approach to examine the impact of global and regional power dynamics on Afghanistan's persistent crises. The research findings show that there are many factors contributing to the country's crisis and instability: Global regional and trans-regional factors are at the root; the country has experienced prolonged periods of civil war; ethnic and tribal division; and playing in the hands of external factors, weak government, etc. are major factors that need to be considered.
Microservices for real-time data processing in airline management systems
Authors: Kumar Hemanth
Published: February 2025

Real-time data processing in airline management systems is critical for operational efficiency and customer satisfaction. This paper explores the adoption of microservices architecture for real-time data processing in airline management systems, highlighting its potential to revolutionize operations. We discuss best practices, challenges, and benefits, presenting case studies to illustrate real-world applications. The paper concludes with a framework for future developments and considerations for effective implementation.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DO USO DE FÓRMULAS GOURMET
Authors: Araújo Fábio Marcelo Akegawa de , Soares Luiza Amaral , Amorim Vivianne Rodrigues
Published: February 2025

Introdução: A Farmácia Magistral é o estabelecimento farmacêutico responsável pela manipulação de medicamentos de forma individualizada mediante fórmulas prescritas, o que garante o atendimento  de acordo com as necessidades e as demandas de doses específicas de cada paciente. Nisso entra a farmacotécnica a qual é uma disciplina abrangente que engloba vários aspectos da farmácia, desde a formulação até a aplicação clínica dos medicamentos.Metodologia:A metodologia utilizada foi mediante pesquisa bibliográfica realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: Google Acadêmico, Science Direct, Scielo, National Institutes of Health (NIH), World Health Organization (WHO), Jornais e revistas eletrônicas, constituído por artigos compreendidos entre 2014 a 2024, nos idiomas portugues, inglês e hispânico.  Resultados e discussão: Avançou-se um desenvolvimento ao longo do trabalho sobre a evolução da farmacotécnica, a importância da resolução nº 67, o papel imperioso do farmacêutico na manipulação e a designação das fórmulas gourmet, destacando elas como chocolate, goma, pirulito, strip, efervescentes, comprimidos mastigáveis e orodispersíveis. Conclusão: Aponta-se como novas formas de adesão à farmacoterapia estão se otimizando com o objetivo de facilitar a aprovação de medicamentos para a comunidade.
MEDICINA DE PRECISÃO: SISTEMA DE GERENCIAMENTO E CONTROLE DE DADOS RETROALIMENTÁVEIS PARA O APRIMORAMENTO DO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE ALGORITMOS DE MACHINE LEARNING NO BRASIL
Authors: Oliveira Wellerson Henrique Araújo
Published: February 2025

A pesquisa visa o desenvolvimento de um sistema inovador para os setores de Computação e Saúde. Projetado para otimizar processos e favorecer o desenvolvimento de algoritmos de machine learning aplicados na medicina, ele alia formas de se resolver alguns paradigmas da computação e de diversas Entidades com ou sem fins lucrativos, seja em aspectos de regulamentação ou de avaliação qualitativa da ciência. A partir de recursos integrados e métodos de operação responsáveis, o sistema propõe o compartilhamento de tecnologias e pesquisas de qualidade. O foco está no aprimoramento das bases de dados do país a fim de fornecer um ambiente confiável, unificando-as. Além disso, o sistema visa incentivar práticas éticas e responsáveis ao longo de sua utilização, incluindo suporte técnico eficiente. Um sistema simples, inclusivo e confiável que permitirá a criação de ambientes de pesquisas virtuais entre pesquisadores de todo o país. Com características únicas e benefícios claros, o sistema surge como uma solução viável e inovadora para a regulamentação e expansão do desenvolvimento das IA’s.
Tính toán hệ số phát thải đặc trưng quốc gia cho sản xuất xi măng tại Việt Nam
Authors: Cao Thị Tú Mai  , Ngô Thị Bích  , Nguyễn Minh Quỳnh Nhung
Published: February 2025

Kết quả kiểm kê khí nhà kính ngành Xây dựng năm 2022 ước tính toàn ngành phát thải hơn 100 triệu tấn CO2tđ, trong đó sản xuất xi măng chiếm 80% tổng lượng phát thải. Các kết quả kiểm kê được tính bằng cách sử dụng các hệ số phát thải mặc định của IPCC. Nghiên cứu này ước tính hệ số phát thải khí nhà kính đặc trưng quốc gia cho hoạt động sản xuất xi măng tại Việt Nam. Dữ liệu phục vụ phân tích và tính toán được thu thập từ 71 dây chuyền của 48 nhà máy sản xuất xi măng trên cả nước. Kết quả cho thấy, hệ số phát phát thải của hoạt động sản xuất xi măng ở Việt Nam là 718 kgCO2tđ/tấn xi măng và 897 kg CO2tđ/tấn clanhke. Trong đó, nguồn phát thải từ quá trình phân huỷ thành phần cacbonat trong nguyên liệu thô chiếm hơn 60%, tương ứng với 410 kgCO2tđ/tấn xi măng và 532 CO2tđ/tấn clanhke. Sau nguyên liệu là phát thải từ nhiên liệu chiếm 30% và phát thải gián tiếp từ điện chiếm khoảng 10%.
PENGARUH MODERNISASI SISTEM PERPAJAKAN, METODE PERHITUNGAN PAJAK DAN SOSIALISASI PERPAJAKAN TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK PEMILIK USAHA DI PLATFORM E-COMMERCE
Authors: Tarigan Krisnawati , Angellica Friscilla
Published: February 2025

Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengaruh implementasi reformasi sistem perpajakan, mekanisme kalkulasi pajak, serta program edukasi perpajakan terhadap tingkat kepatuhan fiskal pelaku usaha yang menjalankan bisnis di platform e-commerce, khususnya Shopee dan Tokopedia di wilayah Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, dengan pengumpulan data primer melalui penyebaran kuesioner kepada para pemilik usaha yang beroperasi di kedua platform tersebut. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penerapan Reformasi Sistem Perpajakan memiliki korelasi positif dan signifikan terhadap tingkat kepatuhan fiskal dalam sektor e-commerce. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa semakin optimal sistem perpajakan yang diterapkan, semakin tinggi pula kepatuhan wajib pajak. Selain itu, Mekanisme Kalkulasi Pajak juga berkontribusi secara signifikan dan positif, menegaskan bahwa kejelasan serta akurasi dalam proses perhitungan pajak meningkatkan kemungkinan wajib pajak dalam memenuhi kewajiban fiskalnya secara tepat dan sesuai regulasi yang berlaku. Selanjutnya, Sosialisasi Perpajakan terbukti berperan secara signifikan dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan pajak, yang menunjukkan bahwa semakin efektif program sosialisasi yang dilaksanakan, semakin besar pula kepatuhan pelaku usaha online di Shopee dan Tokopedia. Secara keseluruhan, ketiga variabel tersebut berkontribusi secara substansial dalam mendorong kepatuhan pajak di sektor e-commerce, menegaskan pentingnya modernisasi sistem perpajakan, metode perhitungan yang akurat, serta sosialisasi yang efektif dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan fiskal pelaku usaha digital.
MEMBINGKAI PERAN KAUM PRIA DALAM PERTUMBUHAN GEREJA DI LINGKUP GEREJA PENTAKOSTAL
Authors: Simanjuntak Parulian
Published: February 2025

The history of Christian civilization records that in every movement across generation, the role of men was vital. Unfortunately, facts on the ground show that there are still many men who call themselves believers, who actually do not understand the importance of their existence for the growth of the church. In the context of academic research in Indonesia, especially in the realm of journals, there are still very few articles discussing the contribution of men to church growth. This research aims to frame the role of men in church growth within the Pentecostal church. By using descriptive qualitative methods as well as support from literature studies, it is hoped that this article will be able to provide a strong, sharp and systematic picture regarding the image of men and their position in the church, a description of church growth in the Pentecostal sphere, as well as the role of men in the growth of Pentecostal churches. It is concluded that men will contribute maximally to the growth of churches in the Pentecostal sphere when they are able to play modeling roles, supporting roles, educational roles and mentoring roles well at home, church environment and at work.
Venous excess ultrasound: A mini-review and practical guide for its application in critically ill patients
Authors: Chin Wei Ven , Ngai Melissa Mei Ing , See Kay Choong
Published: February 2025

Advancements in healthcare technology have improved mortality rates and extended lifespans, resulting in a population with multiple comorbidities that complicate patient care. Traditional assessments often fall short, underscoring the need for integrated care strategies. Among these, fluid management is particularly challenging due to the difficulty in directly assessing volume status especially in critically ill patients who frequently have peripheral oedema. Effective fluid management is essential for optimal tissue oxygen delivery, which is crucial for cellular metabolism. Oxygen transport is dependent on arterial oxygen levels, haemoglobin concentration, and cardiac output, with the latter influenced by preload, afterload, and cardiac contractility. A delicate balance of these factors ensures that the cardiovascular system can respond adequately to varying physiological demands, thereby safeguarding tissue oxygenation and overall organ function during states of stress or illness. The Venous Excess Ultrasound (VExUS) Grading System is instrumental in evaluating fluid intolerance, providing detailed insights into venous congestion and fluid status. It was originally developed to assess the risk of acute kidney injury in postoperative cardiac patients, but its versatility has enabled broader applications in nephrology and critical care settings. This mini review explores VExUS’s application and its impact on fluid management and patient outcomes in critically ill patients.
Post-reperfusion syndrome in liver transplant recipients: What is new in prevention and management?
Authors: Puchany Austin James , Hilmi Ibtesam
Published: February 2025

Post-reperfusion syndrome (PRS) in liver transplant recipients remains one of the most dreaded complications in liver transplant surgery. PRS can impact the short-term and long-term patient and graft outcomes. The definition of PRS has evolved over the years, from changes in arterial blood pressures and heart and/or decreases in the systemic vascular resistance and cardiac output to including the fibrinolysis and grading the severity of PRS. However, all that did not reflect on the management of PRS or its impact on the outcomes. In recent years, new scientific techniques and new technology have been in the pipeline to better understand, manage and maybe prevent PRS. These new methods and techniques are still in the infancy, and they have to be proven not in prevention and management of PRS but their effects in the patient and graft outcomes. In this article, we will review the long history of PRS, its definition, etiology, management and most importantly the new advances in science and technology to prevent and properly manage PRS.
Air Scribe: Seamless Air Gesture Text Input and Virtual Mouse Functionality Web Interfaces
Authors:   CSE (AIML) -Lokmanya Tilak College of Engineering, Pawar Ashwini
Published: February 2025

Air Scribe is a web-based application that uses advanced computer vision and machine learning techniques to convert hand-written gestures performed in the air into digital text. This application detects and interprets user movements, translating them into text on a screen. In addition to text transcription, Air Scribe incorporates a virtual mouse feature, enabling users to interact with digital interfaces using air gestures. This functionality aims to enhance user experience by providing an intuitive and innovative method for text input and digital navigation. The application offers a new approach to user interaction with digital systems, allowing for seamless integration of gesture-based controls. Air Scribe has the potential to revolutionize how individuals engage with technology, particularly in environments where traditional input methods may not be feasible or practical. This paper presents the underlying technology of Air Scribe, its development process, and the significance of its application in various fields.

Key Words:  computer vision, machine learning, air gestures, digital text, virtual mouse, user interaction
Gender Equality in Entrepreneurial Motivation: An Analysis of Students Respondents in North-East India
Authors:   Head of the Department Department of Commerce Ramthakur College, Tripura, Gope Dr. Arjun
Published: February 2025

Entrepreneurship is a key driver of innovation and economic growth and. Understanding the motivations behind
entrepreneurial activity is essential for fostering a thriving entrepreneurial ecosystem. The study investigates

gender-based perceptions regarding the entrepreneurial motivators - education and skills and the desire for self-
employment. The analysis uses the Mann-Whitney U test to evaluate differences between male and female

responses to the knowledge and skill relating to the entrepreneurial activities. The results indicate no statistically
significant differences between male and female respondents on either statement, suggesting that both genders
share similar views on the role of education and skills and the desire for self-employment which act as part of
motivation in equipping students with entrepreneurial activity.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Gender equality, Skills, Knowledge, North-east India
AI System to Summarize and Analyze Legal Documents: A Transformative Approach
Authors: Shanmugapriya Dr.V , S Guru Moorthy , K Akash , S Sanjay
Published: February 2025

Legal documents, such as contracts, agreements,
and case summaries, are often complex, lengthy,
and difficult to comprehend. Understanding these
documents requires significant time and effort,
particularly for legal professionals and businesses
dealing with extensive paperwork daily. The
emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has opened
new possibilities for automating the analysis and
summarization of legal texts, making them more
accessible and easier to interpret. This paper
explores the development of an AI-powered system
designed to read, classify, summarize, and analyze
legal documents, enabling users to extract essential
information quickly and efficiently.
The proposed AI system leverages Natural
Language Processing (NLP) techniques to process
legal language, identify key clauses, and generate
concise summaries while preserving the original
meaning. Additionally, it incorporates risk detection
capabilities to highlight potentially problematic
sections, such as ambiguous terms, unfair clauses,
or legal inconsistencies that might require further
review. The system also features an advanced
search function that allows users to locate specific
terms and phrases within lengthy documents,
further enhancing usability.

To develop this system, a substantial dataset of legal
documents is required for training machine learning
models, ensuring that the AI can accurately classify
different types of legal texts and generate
meaningful insights. The integration of Optical
Character Recognition (OCR) further enables the AI
to process scanned or printed legal documents,
expanding its applicability to various formats. A
user-friendly interface is designed to facilitate
seamless interaction, allowing users to upload
documents and receive structured summaries, risk
assessments, and suggestions for potential
improvements.
Mérföldkövek
Authors: László Zsuzsanna
Published: February 2025

Az életfogytig tartó szabadságvesztés vegyesen fordul elő a magyar jogtörténetben és kodifikációban. Ez azt jelenti, hogy a szankció megítélése a törvényhozás szintjén való első megjelenésétől (1435, 1492) a 18. és 19. század nagy kodifikációs munkáin keresztül egészen napjainkig folyamatosan változott: egyes javaslatok és kódexek ismerték és részletesen szabályozták, mások nem; a szankció formáját, a büntetés szükségességét tehát időről időre másként ítélték meg. A büntetés nagyon lassan foglalta el helyét a szankciók rendszerében. Mindez annak is betudható, hogy a börtönt elsősorban egyéb előzetes letartóztatási célokra használták, majd a testi fenyítés szerepét is betöltötte, így nem tartották szükségesnek a néhány évnél hosszabb ideig tartó szabadságvesztést. Jelen tanulmány célja az életfogytig tartó szabadságvesztés kronologikus bemutatása a Bencsik-javaslattól (1712) az 1795-ös büntető törvénykönyv tervezetéig.
Új módszertani kézikönyv – kezdőknek és haladóknak
Authors: Sallai Balázs
Published: February 2025

A jogtörténettel foglalkozó kutatók abban a szerencsés helyzetben vannak, hogy tudományterületük „keresztülfekvő” jellegű. Egyfelől a jogtudományhoz, s ezáltal a társadalomtudományokhoz tartozik, másfelől pedig sok szállal kapcsolódik az általános történettudományhoz, ilyen módon pedig a bölcsészettudományokhoz is. Ebből logikusan következik az, hogy e két nagy tudományos ág módszertani megközelítései jól ötvözhetővé válnak a jogtörténeti vizsgálódások megvalósítása során. A jog társadalomtudományi (empirikus) metódusairól néhány éve jelent meg egy hiánypótló kötet Empirikus jogi kutatások címmel. Ebben számos olyan fejezet kapott helyet, amelyek a jogtörténészek számára jól hasznosítható módszerekkel foglalkoznak. A 2023-as év végén azonban napvilágot látott egy másik, hasonlóan nélkülözhetetlen könyv a bölcsészettudományok részéről, amelyben a legaktuálisabb és legfontosabb metodológiai megfontolások kaptak helyet, összegezve számos szakirodalmat és íratlan szakmai gyakorlatot, tapasztalatot e téren.
Anita Grandke und der Fünfte Familienbericht von 1994
Authors: Sander Johanna
Published: February 2025

Anita Grandke (geb. 1932) war die bekannteste DDR-Familienrechtlerin, die nach der Wiedervereinigung die ostdeutsche Perspektive in die Reformdiskurse zum gesamtdeutschen Familienrecht eingebracht hat. Ihr Einfluss auf die weitere Entwicklung des Familienrechts wird anhand ihrer Mitarbeit am Fünften Familienbericht von 1994 herausgearbeitet.
Beiträge von Juristinnen zu den Verfassungsdebatten (Art. 3 und Art. 6 GG) Anfang der 1990er Jahre
Authors: Isert Matthias
Published: February 2025

In den Verfassungsdebatten im Zuge der Wiedervereinigung Anfang der 1990er Jahre wurde auch über eine Reform der Art. 3 II und Art. 6 GG diskutiert. Der Beitrag beleuchtet die verschiedenen Reformentwürfe und untersucht die Gründe für die gelungene Ergänzung des Art. 3 II GG und die gescheiterte Reform des Art. 6 GG.
Maria Hagemeyer (1896–1991) – Gleichberechtigung im deutsch-deutschen Vergleich
Authors: Etgeton Karolina
Published: February 2025

Als Leiterin des Referats »Gleichberechtigung von Mann und Frau« im Bundesministerium der Justiz leistete Maria Hagemeyer wichtige Vorarbeiten für das 1957 verkündete Gleichberechtigungsgesetz. Der Beitrag vergleicht Hagemeyers Forderungen mit dem Gleichberechtigungsgesetz und untersucht zudem ihre Perspektive auf das DDR-Familienrecht.
Hilde Benjamin (1902–1989) – Frauenförderung in der Justiz und durch Reformen im Familienrecht
Authors: Nübel Maren
Published: February 2025

Hilde Benjamin war die erste Justizministerin der DDR und weltweit die erste Frau in dieser Position. Der Beitrag untersucht vor allem ihren Einfluss auf die Frauenförderung in der Justiz und auf Reformen des DDR-Familienrechts.
Elisabeth Selbert (1896–1986) – Der Kampf um die Gleichberechtigung
Authors: Schreiber Finn Peter
Published: February 2025

Der in Art. 3 II GG verankerte Gleichberechtigungsgrundsatz war in den Debatten des Parlamentarischen Rats keine Selbstverständlichkeit, sondern wurde insbesondere durch die SPD-Abgeordnete Elisabeth Selbert erkämpft. Neben diesem Kampf um die Gleichberechtigung zeichnet der Beitrag Selberts Leben und Wirken nach.
Inge Hieblinger (1928–2007) – Frauenförderung mit Hilfe des Arbeits- und Sozialrechts
Authors: Frenzel Emil
Published: February 2025

Inge Hieblinger war ab 1967 als Professorin für Staatsrecht und Rechtstheorie in Halle (Saale) tätig und forschte zu Fragen der Gleichberechtigung im DDR-Recht. Der Beitrag kontextualisiert ihr wissenschaftliches Wirken, das auch Rechtsvergleiche zur BRD enthält.
'Onna tenka' e 'Dorei': se in scena comandano le donne. Un contrappunto teatrale in Giappone fra Meiji (1868-1912) e Taishō (1912-1926)
Authors: Marangoni Rossella
Published: February 2025

Nel Giappone dei primi anni del XX secolo si accende il dibattito sulla Nuova Donna (atarashii onna). Due opere teatrali che vedono la luce in questo periodo costituiscono un interessante contrappunto sulla percezione della donna moderna nella cultura di massa. "Onna tenka" (1907) e "Dorei" (1914) ‒ la prima scritta da un uomo, la seconda da una donna ‒ rappresentano due visioni della coppia contrapposte ma complementari, appartengono a generi diversi (commedia l’una, dramma l’altra) e esprimono due modi differenti di intendere il teatro nel Giappone dell'epoca: quello dello shinpa e quello dello shingeki.
OVERVIEW OF STREET PHOTOGRAPHER OBJECTIVES FOR THE PHOTOJOURNALISM GENRE
Authors: TAJUDDIN LAILI MARDZIAH , RAHMAN ANDRIALIS ABD , RAHMAN NOR AZIYANA ABD , AHMAD ROSLIZA
Published: February 2025

This study is a review of borderless street photography, aiming to explore the objectives behind each captured subject and the storytelling conveyed through the recorded and displayed images. The methodology used combines both contemporary studies and literature references. Several images from current street photographers were selected for analysis, linking the purpose behind the captures with insights from previous literature. Interviews with photographers were also conducted to further strengthen the data obtained. The analysis revealed that the purpose of street photography, whether direct or indirect, holds significant value. Originally, street photographers pursued this as a hobby, capturing moments of human movement while applying artistic techniques with contemporary photography technology. However, these photographs unintentionally became valuable historical evidence and documentation, shedding light on the economic development of certain areas depicted. In addition to economic growth, these images also reflect cultural absorption, societal norms, and lifestyle changes over time, as seen through the continuous documentation by photographers. Behind the creation of these images, there exists a social interaction and communication between the subject and the photographer, with ethical considerations necessary to maintain human dignity and values. Moreover, photographers still must consider technical aspects such as monitoring lighting, whether artificial or natural, to achieve the best shot.
THE FORMATION OF CHINESE SCHOLARS (SHI) CLASS AND THEIR CULTURAL CONSCIOUSNESS
Authors: WU JIAQI , CHONG YEW YOONG
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the emergence and evolution of the Chinese scholar-official class (Shi 士), recognized as one of the earliest ideological and intellectual groups in Chinese society. The study examines the gradual formation of this class as a dynamic process shaped by a complex interplay of socio-political, economic, and cultural factors. It emphasizes how historical milestones, such as the establishment of Confucianism as the state ideology and the implementation of institutional systems like the imperial examination, facilitated the expansion and upward mobility of this group. Particular attention is given to the Wei-Jin period, a transformative era that marked a heightened sense of intellectual self-awareness and cultural identity among scholars. By analyzing key shifts in historical contexts and the evolving roles of the scholar-official class, this paper explores how this elite group not only solidified its social standing but also articulated its unique cultural consciousness. Ultimately, the research sheds light on the profound influence of the scholar-official class on Chinese cultural and intellectual history, offering insights into the development of literati traditions and their enduring legacy.
Újabb ismeretek a geografikus atrófiáról (pontszerző, referáló közlemény, tesztkérdésekkel)
Authors: Papp András , Nagy Zoltán Zsolt , Resch Miklós
Published: February 2025

A geografikus atrófia (GA) az időskori makuladegeneráció száraz típusú és nagyfokú látásromlást okozó formája, amely társadalmilag egyre nagyobb kihívásokat okoz, ugyanakkor intenzív kutatás témáját is képezi. Jelen továbbképző közlemény célja a tudomány állásának naprakész eredményeit bemutatni a GA-val kapcsolatban. A multimodális képalkotás fejlődésével és egyre szélesebb körű elterjedésével mind a korai diagnózis, mind a progresszió követése lehetővé vált. A retina bizonyos mikrostrukturális eltérései biomarkerként szolgálnak a kórjóslat felállításában. A hagyományos visusvizsgáló módszerek mellett egyéb látás funkcionális vizsgálatok is indokoltak GA esetében a beteg panaszainak pontos követésében. A korábban egyáltalán nem kezelhető GA terápiás tárházában napjainkra már megjelentek hatékony gyógyszerek, amelyek folyamatos bővülése várható.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for English Language and Literature Studies, Vol. 15, No. 1
Authors: Ding Alice
Published: February 2025

Reviewer Acknowledgements for English Language and Literature Studies, Vol. 15, No. 1, 2025.
Intelligent Defense: Redefining OS Security with AI
Authors: Khan Ali Raza A , Khan Muhammad Ismaeel , Arif Aftab , Anjum Nadeem , Arif Haroon
Published: February 2025

The escalating complexity and sophistication of cyber threats necessitate a paradigm shift in operating system (OS) security. Traditional security measures, while effective against known vulnerabilities, struggle to adapt to dynamic attack vectors. This paper introduces Intelligent Defense, an innovative approach to OS security powered by Artificial Intelligence (AI). By integrating advanced machine learning algorithms and neural network architectures, Intelligent Defense transforms an operating system into an adaptive, self-learning security platform capable of identifying, predicting, and mitigating cyber threats in real-time. The study explores the architecture and functionality of an AI-powered OS, highlighting its ability to detect zero-day exploits, thwart malware intrusions, and provide a proactive response to emerging threats. Furthermore, the paper discusses the ethical considerations, computational challenges, and scalability of implementing AI in system-level security. Through case studies and simulations, we demonstrate the superior resilience and efficacy of Intelligent Defense compared to conventional OS security frameworks. This pioneering approach underscores the potential of AI to redefine the cybersecurity landscape, setting a new benchmark for OS security in the age of intelligent systems.
Generative AI Driven Aerodynamic Shape Optimization: A Neural Network-Based Framework for Enhancing Performance and Efficiency
Authors: Sahibzada Shumail , Malik Farrukh Sher , Nasir Sheharyar , Lodhi Shahrukh Khan
Published: February 2025

Aerodynamic shape optimization plays a crucial role in enhancing the efficiency and performance of air and fluid flow-based systems, particularly in aerospace and automotive industries. Traditional optimization techniques rely on computationally expensive simulations and iterative solvers, which pose significant challenges in terms of time and resource consumption. In this study, we propose a novel Generative AI-driven aerodynamic shape optimization framework that leverages deep neural networks to streamline the optimization process. Our approach integrates generative adversarial networks (GANs) and variational autoencoders (VAEs) to generate and refine aerodynamic shapes with optimal performance metrics. By training the neural network on high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) datasets, we enable the model to predict optimal aerodynamic shapes with reduced computational overhead. The proposed framework incorporates physics-informed machine learning techniques, ensuring adherence to fluid dynamics principles while significantly accelerating the optimization process. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by applying it to benchmark aerodynamic cases, including airfoil and automotive body designs, where the AI-driven optimization leads to a substantial reduction in drag and improved lift-to-drag ratios. Comparative analysis against traditional evolutionary algorithms and adjoint-based solvers highlights the superior efficiency and accuracy of our method. Our findings underscore the potential of generative AI in revolutionizing aerodynamic design, making it more accessible, cost-effective, and adaptable to real-time optimization scenarios. The study paves the way for integrating AI-driven techniques in future aerodynamic modeling, enabling rapid prototyping and enhanced engineering solutions for various high-performance applications.
Analisis Tindak Tutur Representatif dan Impositif dr. Tirta pada Video Kesehatan #suaratirta dalam Kanal YouTube Tirta PengPengPeng
Authors: Allamanda Kusumaning Anjora  , Erika Anggraeni  , Hesti Kurnianingtyas  , Meisa Nuri Aisyah  , Nafhisa Diva Salsabella  , Asep Purwo Yudi Utomo  , Antonius Edi Nugroho  , Winda Dwi Hudhana
Published: February 2025

Pragmatics is one of the branches of semiotics, alongside semantics and syntax, that examines the relationship between signs and their usage. Speech acts, or activities involving a speaker and a listener, are divided into five types: representative, commissive, directive, expressive, and declarative speech acts. This study primarily focuses on one of these types—representative speech acts. The researcher collected health-related videos tagged #suaratirta from the YouTube channel Tirta PengPengPeng using the Listen, Free, Engage, Speak (SBLC) method along with note-taking techniques. The data were then analyzed using matching and distributional techniques. The findings reveal 93 instances of representative speech acts, detailed as follows: a) 13 declarative statements, b) 27 explanatory statements, c) 42 informative statements, d) 9 warning statements, and e) 2 speculative statements. Additionally, 19 instances of impositive speech acts were identified, categorized as follows: a) 5 directive statements, b) 7 advisory statements, c) 2 prohibitive statements, and d) 5 interrogative statements.
MODELLING THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM EFFICIENCY UNDER DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF TAX POLICY: ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Rossikhina Halyna , Kobylnik Dmytro , Rossikhin Vasyl , Biriuk Dmytro , Rusnak Alla
Published: February 2025

The aim of the research is to study the impact of using electronic channels for reporting and paying taxes on increasing the financial system efficiency using multiple regression models. The research employed correlation and regression analysis, as well as a doctrinal approach. The study confirmed that the e-filing rate for Value Added Tax (VAT) and Corporate Income Tax (CIT) has a significant impact on the timeliness of tax payments, expenditures, and net revenue. At the same time, the level of electronic declaration for Personal Income Tax (PIT) did not demonstrate an impact on the studied indicators. In summary, it was noted that the digital transformation of tax policy has a noticeable impact on the efficiency of the financial system and sustainable development, particularly through the development of electronic declarations. However, the desired result depends on the effectiveness of the digital transformation process itself. The regulation of digital transformation in different jurisdictions plays an important role in this. In view of the experience of the European Union (EU), the regulation of digital transformation should take into account standardisation and harmonisation, cooperation, exchange of information, and modernisation in order to increase efficiency. The use of this experience in other countries can contribute to simplifying the interaction between the participants in the process, increasing transparency, combating tax evasion and corruption, increasing the efficiency of the tax collection process, and ensuring fairness for taxpayers.
ECOLOGICAL MODERNISATION OF PRODUCTION FOR INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES
Authors: Kupalova Halyna , Honcharenko Nataliia , Andrusiv Uliana , Oleshko Evhenii , Demchenko Kseniia
Published: February 2025

Rapid ecological modernisation of production and implementation of innovative environmental solutions are crucial conditions for ensuring the competitiveness of industrial enterprises in the context of the implementation of the decarbonisation policy, toughening environmental requirements for anthropogenic impact on the environment and high risks in the energy sector. It has been established that ecological modernisation helps to reduce anthropogenic impact on the environment, increase the efficiency of the use of raw materials, improve energy efficiency, and introduce the best available technologies and production methods.Limited investment resources, short implementation time and high-security risks necessitate improving the efficiency of environmental management in terms of environmental investment. The purpose of the study is to develop proposals for improving the environmental management of industrial enterprises by developing an optimisation model for assessing the effectiveness of ecological modernisation and introducing innovative environmentally friendly technologies into production, which serves as an information base for making informed management decisions.An optimisation modelling of investment in ecological modernisation is proposed, which will ensure the most efficient allocation of available resources. It is determined that the preparatory stage of investing in ecological modernisation includes an inventory of the quantitative and qualitative condition of production modules, an environmental audit of anthropogenic impact, an assessment of the potential for introducing the best technologies and management methods, and the development of alternative scenarios.An integral indicator of the efficiency of ecological modernisation of production is proposed, which consists of two components: the index of return on investment and the index of environmental categories of impact. Optimisation modelling of efficiency of ecological modernisation allows identification and assessment of alternative scenarios of investing in ecological modernisation and selection of the best one. The practical use of optimisation modelling of ecological modernisation efficiency will help to improve the efficiency of environmental management and make informed decisions.