bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photosensitising reactive oxygen species with titanium dioxide nanoparticles decorated with PbS quantum dots
Authors: Perepelitsa Aleksey S. , Aslanov Sergey V. , Ovchinnikov Oleg V. , Smirnov Mikhail S. , Grevtseva Irina G. , Latyshev Anatoly N. , Kondratenko Tamara S.
Published: June 2024

The development of new efficient photocatalysts based on nanostructured materials with a wide range of photosensitivity in visible and near-infra-red regions and high efficiency of reactive oxygen species generation is an important task. The purpose of this project was to establish the possibility of photosensitising the process of generating reactive oxygen species (ROSs) with TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) decorated with colloidal PbS quantum dots (QDs) passivated with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3MPA) as well as the possibility of increasing the spectral sensitivity of synthesised nanoheterosystems into the redregion.    The paper analyses the photocatalytic properties of TiO2 NPs with an anatase structure and average size of 12 nm decorated with colloidal PbS QDs with an average size of 2.7 nm passivated with 3MPA. It also provides structural and spectral substantiation of the formation of TiO2 NPs – PbS/3MPA QDs nanoheterostructures. Absorption and luminescence techniques were used to establish the efficiency of generating various ROSs by TiO2 NPs – PbS/3MPA nanoheterostructures and their individual components under excitation in the UV and visible radiation.    It was shown that TiO2 NPs decoration with PbS QDs extends the spectral range of sensitivity to the generation of reactive oxygen species in the UV to 1,100 nm. The study revealed an increased efficiency of hydrogen peroxide generation by nanoheterostructures as compared to individual PbS QDs and TiO2 nanoparticles.
The effect of the synthesis conditions on the crystal structure of palladium(II) oxide nanofilms
Authors: Samoilov Alexander M. , Kopytin Stanislav S. , Ivkov Sergey A. , Ratkov Egor A. , Tutov Evgeny A.
Published: June 2024

Nanocrystalline films of palladium(II) oxide obtained by oxidation of the initial metallic Pd layers with a thickness of 35 nm on Si (100) substrates in atmospheric air were studied using XRD analysis, TEM, and RHEED. PdO/SiO2/Si (100) heterostructures were synthesised in two stages. First, we obtained finely dispersed layers of metallic Pd on SiO2/Si (100) substrates with an ~ 300 nm SiO2 buffer layer using thermal sublimation in a high vacuum. The Pd layers were then oxidised in the temperature range Tox = 620 – 1100 K in atmospheric air (with the partial pressure of oxygen of about 21 kPa). The study determined that the deformation of the tetragonal crystal structure of homogeneous nanocrystalline PdO films is explained by an increase in the values of lattice parameters with the oxidation temperature. The deformation reaches its maximum values at Tox ~ 970 K. Comparison of the obtained results with the earlier data regarding PdO/SiO2/Si (100) heterostructures synthesised in a dry oxygen atmosphere (with the partial pressure of oxygen of about 101.3 kPa) demonstrated that PdO films synthesized in an oxygen atmosphere are characterized by a higher degree of deformation of the crystal structure.       The effect of the oxidation temperature and O2 partial pressure on the increase in the tetragonal lattice parameters of the PdO films can be explained by the formation of interstitial oxygen atoms in the octahedral void in the centre of the palladium(II) oxide unit cell.
Organic fouling of anion-exchange and bipolar membranes during the separation of amino acid and sucrose by electrodialysis
Authors: Kharina Anastasiia Yu. , Charushina Olga E. , Eliseeva Tatiana V.
Published: June 2024

The article presents a study of the behaviour of the MA-41 anion-exchange membrane and MB-2 bipolar membrane during the electrodialysis of a solution containing tyrosine and sucrose. It establishes changes in current-voltage, transport, and structural characteristics of ion-exchange membranes. The study of the evolution of membrane characteristics during a prolonged contact with solutions containing an aromatic amino acid and disaccharide is aimed at providing a deeper understanding of and finding solutions to the problem of organic fouling of membranes, which complicates the electromembrane separation of components of the solution during microbiological synthesis of amino acids.     It was found that the fluxes of tyrosine and sucrose through the MA-41 membrane measured after its operation during 50-hour electrodialysis reach higher values than during the first hours of operation after the system reaches a steady state. However, it was noted that when the membrane continues to be used, the flux of components through the MA-41 membrane decreases. What is more, this change is pronounced with a high current density.     This decrease in mass transport, an increased voltage drop on the MB-2 and MA-41 membranes, and lower values for the effective ОН- ion transport number for the MA-41 membrane are associated with the phenomenon of organic fouling confirmed by revealed structural changes in the ion-exchange material, which become significant after a prolonged contact (more than 60 hours) with a mixed solution of tyrosine and sucrose. These changes are associated with the accumulation of an amino acid and its oxidation product, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, in the membrane phase, as well as with a decrease in the content of sucrose absorbed by the membrane.
Preparation, luminescence, and application of LiMeBO3 borates, Me = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Cd. Review
Authors: Khamaganova Tatyana N.
Published: June 2024

The review summarises and analyses data on the preparation, structure, and spectral-luminescent properties of LiMeBO3-based borates, Me = bivalent metal.    These polycrystalline borates are prepared traditionally by solid-phase reactions and self-propagating high-temperature synthesis and its modifications based on a combustion reaction.    Frameworks of lithium borates with alkaline earth metals, zinc, and cadmium are formed from large metal polyhedra between which there are boron-oxygen triangles isolated from each other. Doping with rare-earth and heavy metal ions leads to the formation of solid solutions which normally have defective structures. Doped activator ions often become the main part of the luminescence centre in the phosphor. The luminescent properties of ions of rare-earth elements arise from the possibility of electronic transitions between states within the 4f-configuration. The paper discusses the most likely mechanisms of charge compensation during heterovalent substitution in LiMeBO3 borates (co-doping and formationof cation vacancies). It is shown that charge compensation during the combined introduction of ions of REEs and alkali metals into the structure has a positive effect on the emission yield. The review considers the results of thermoluminescent, upconversion, and photoluminescent properties and processes and phenomena that cause them. It also explains the mechanism of resonance energy transfer from the sensitiser to the activator using the example of Yb3+→Er3+.    It discusses the possibility of using the considered borates as phosphors that emit green, blue, and red light in white LEDs and as effective materials for personnel neutron dosimetry and the dosimetry of weak ionising radiation
Confirmation of spontaneous doping of GaN nanowires grown on vicinal SiC/Si substrate by electron beam induced current mapping
Authors: Reznik Rodion R. , Gridchin Vladislav O. , Kotlyar Konstantin P. , Neploh Vladimir V. , Osipov Andrei V. , Kukushkin Sergey A. , Saket Omar , Tchernycheva Maria , Cirlin George E.
Published: June 2024

This study is devoted to the confirmation of spontaneous doping of GaN nanowires grown on vicinal SiC/Si hybrid substrates by electron beam induced current mapping.       GaN nanowires (NWs) were grown on singular and vicinal SiC/Si substrates by molecular beam epitaxy with nitrogen plasma activation. The morphological properties of the NWs were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The electrophysical properties of the obtained nanostructures were studied by electron beam induced current mapping.       By electron beam induced current mapping, we confirmed the spontaneous doping of the GaN NWs grown on vicinal SiC/Si wafers. It was also shown that the GaN NWs grown on singular SiC/Si substrates did not exhibit an induced current signal, indicating that they were not doped
Phase transformations during the annealing of Ga2O3 films
Authors: Osipov Andrei V. , Sharofidinov Shukrillo Sh. , Kremleva Arina V. , Smirnov Andrey M. , Osipova Elena V. , Kandakov Andrei V. , Kukushkin Sergey A.
Published: June 2024

A growth technique has been developed to obtain the three main crystalline phases of Ga2O3, namely: a-phases, e-phases, and b-phases using hybrid vapour phase epitaxy (HVPE). The substrate temperatures and precursor fluxes were determined at which only the a-phase, only the e-phase, or only the b-phase were deposited. It was found that the annealing of the metastable a- and e-phases led to completely different results. The e-phase quickly transforms into the stable b-phase as a result of annealing, while the a-phase, upon annealing, transforms into an intermediate amorphous phase, after which it peels off and is destroyed. The obtained result is explained by the fact that the reconstructive phase transition from the a-phase into the b-phase is accompanied by too large an increase in density (~10%), leading to enormous elastic stressesand, consequently, an increase in the height of the phase transition barrier
Synthesis and luminescent properties of PbS/SiO2 core-shell quantum dots
Authors: Grevtseva Irina G. , Smirnov Mikhail S. , Chirkov Kirill S. , Latyshev Anatoly N. , Ovchinnikov Oleg V.
Published: June 2024

The research focuses on the development of techniques for creating core-shell structures, based on colloidal PbS quantum dots (PbS QDs) and establishing the influence of the dielectric SiO2 shell on the luminescent properties of PbS QDs. The objects of the study were PbS QDs with an average size of 3.0±0.5 nm, passivated with thioglycolic acid (TGA) and PbS/SiO2 QDs, based on them with an average size of 6.0±0.5 nm. When we passivated the PbS QD interfaces with thioglycolic acid molecules, there were two luminescence peaks at 1100 and at 1260 nm. It was found that increasing the temperature of the colloidal mixture to 60 °C provides an increase in the intensity of the long-wave peak. An analysis of the luminescence excitation spectra of both bands and the Stokes shift showed that the band at 1100 nm is associated with the radiativeannihilation of an exciton, while the band at 1260 nm is due to recombination at trap levels. The formation of PbS/SiO2 QDs suppresses trap state luminescence, indicating the localization of luminescence centers predominantly at QD interfaces. The exciton luminescence at 1100 nm becomes more intensive
Spontaneous photomagnetoelectric effect in ferromagnetic GaMnAs epitaxial layers
Authors: Parchinskiy Pavel B. , Gazizulina Alisa S. , Nusretov Rafael A.
Published: June 2024

Spontaneous photomagnetoelectric effect in ferromagnetic GaMnAs epitaxial layers has been investigated. The goal of this work is to study the temperature dependence of the spontaneous PME effect, determined along [110] and [110] crystal axes. GaMnAs layers with Mn concentration of 2.9 atomic percent studied in this paper were grown by low-temperature molecular beam epitaxy on semi-insulating GaAs (001) substrate. It was shown that below Curie temperature in the illuminated GaMnAs epilayers a transverse voltage (photo-EMF) was observed. This photo-EMF is associated with the photomagnetoelectric effect resulting from the separation the photogenerated carriers by the intrinsic magnetic field of the semiconductor matrixin ferromagnetic state. The temperature dependence of intrinsic photomagnetoelectric effect in GaMnAs epilayer was determined along [110] and [110] crystallographic axes. It was found that the photo-EMF measured along [110] crystal axis exhibits a maximum at temperatures of 35–40 K, while the photo-EMF measured along [110] axis increases monotonically with temperature decay. It was shown that the non-monotonous temperature dependence of the photomagnetoelectric effect along [110] axis can arise due to the reorientation of the easy axis of the sample with decreasing temperature
Setting and Customizing OT-2 for LAP Entries v1
Authors: Mariya Anhel Ana , Alejaldre Lorea , Goñi-Moreno Ángel
Published: June 2024

Automation scripts such as those included in the LAP repository (https://www.laprepo.cbgp.upm.es/repository/) require set up steps that not directly part of the experimental process but are essential for execution. This protocol is divided into 5 sections: connecting to an OT-2, transferring files between the robot and the user system, creating and uploading custom labware to the OT app and robot system and preparing the robot system. These steps establish the necessary environment for running experiments with the LAP entry scripts and user-specific variables. Not all sections are required for every LAP entry run. For more information on each script in the LAP repository, visit www.laprepo.com and refer to the documentation attached to each entry. LAP repository entries can contain links to protocols.io entry to provide a step by step experimental validation protocol.
ARTIC SARS-CoV-2 sequencing protocol v4 (LSK114) v2
Authors: Quick Josh , Lansdowne Lauren
Published: June 2024

Amplicon sequencing protocol for SARS-CoV-2 v4 (LSK114) We thank the ARTIC network, Oxford Nanopore Technologies, New England Biolabs, BCCDC, COG-UK, CanCOGen and protocols.io commenters for their assistance developing this protocol. Changes in this version: -Up to 95 samples per run with EXP-NBD196 native barcode kit -Substitution of SuperScript IV for LunaScript RT SuperMix and reaction volume reduced to 10 uL. -Substitution of Ultra II Ligation Module for Blunt/TA Ligase Master Mix and reaction volume reduced to 10 µL. -Native barcode ligation reaction volume reduced to 10 uL. -SFB wash volume reduced.
Bacterial genome annotation script using BLASTN v2
Authors: Mariya Anhel Ana , Alejaldre Lorea , Goñi-Moreno Ángel
Published: June 2024

This protocol uses a python based script and command-line BLASTn to annotate in a final table single-read sequencing results from genome amplifications, within other output files. Its main use in our lab (https://biocomputationlab.com) is to identify the location and gene locus of transposon inserts in microbial bacterial genomes of Pseudomonas putida KT2440. However, this script can be used for other bacterial genomes for which its genome sequence and annotation are available. Script was developed and tested in python 3.11.9 with blastn version 2.9.0, sickle version 1.33 and fastqc version 0.11.9 This is a description of the LAP entry LAPu-InsertsGenAnnotation-2.0.0 located in the LAP repository, specifically LAPu-InsertsGenAnnotation-2.0.0 and Github Entry LAPu-InsertsGenAnnotation-2.0.0, 2 places that you can download directly the script used and usage examples The major changes from previous version are: File format for -identity Argument: Now accepts XLSX and CSV files. New Argument --summaryMap: Added the --summaryMap argument. Enhanced -quality Argument: When provided, the merged quality file (FastQC file) will use the file name (without extension) as the sequence identifier, which will match the qaccver in the table_reads_gene_description.csv file. Support for Numeric Identifiers: Numeric identifiers follow the same rules as well names for locating them in a file or sequence identifier. Identifier Pattern for Sequences: The script recognizes the last element of the pattern (+well_, +number_, _well_, _number_) as the sequence identifier for -identity and --summaryMap arguments. More read extensions accepted: they will be treated as previously txt files are treated for all other arguments
MOLECULAR ANALYSES v1
Authors: A. de Oliveira Marco
Published: June 2024

This protocol details the molecular analyses of assembly of a serine integrase-based platform for functional validation of genetic switch controllers in eukaryotic cells
Protocol for assembly of a serine integrase-based platform for functional validation of genetic switch controllers in eukaryotic cells-Human v1
Authors: A. de Oliveira Marco
Published: June 2024

This protocol describes the assembly of a serine integrase-based platform for functional validation of genetic switch controllers in eukaryotic cells in human.
EVALUATION OF BEARING CAPACITY INCREASE FOR WOVEN GEOTEXTILE REINFORCED SOILS IN TERMS OF WIDTH OF FOOTING
Authors: Ateş Bayram , Şadoğlu Erol
Published: June 2024

If it is understood that a soil medium cannot safely support the planned structure from the point of bearing capacity and settlement, various options can be applied in geotechnical engineering. These are relocation of the structure, usage of deep foundation, stabilisation of the soil, substitution of weak soil with well-graded coarse-grained soil by compaction, usage of geosynthetics, etc. These alternatives are evaluated according to the cost and availability of necessary materials and equipment. Geotextiles, one of the geosynthetic products, have been widely used for soil reinforcement recently. Therefore, the study intends to specify the soil's bearing capacity increase with geotextile and its dependence on footing width. For this aim, a testing apparatus has been produced, and the experiments have been conducted with a strip footing model on soil with various relative densities. Besides, this test setup was simulated with PLAXIS 2D software depending on the finite element method (FEM), and numerical analyses were performed. The numerical results were compared with the laboratory tests to verify parameters of M-C material model. Consequently, the study stated that the relative density of the sand, footing width, and reinforcement layer are significant factors for the bearing capacity increase of granular soils.
ELEKTRİKLİ ARAÇ ŞARJ İSTASYONLARININ ENERJİ DAĞITIM HATLARINA OPTİMUM ŞEKİLDE KONUMLANDIRILMASI
Authors: Çıkan Murat , Nacar Çıkan Nisa
Published: June 2024

Elektrikli araçların (EA) güç sistemlerine büyük ölçekli entegrasyonu elektrik şebekesinin güç kalitesinin düşmesine, hatlardaki aktif güç kayıplarının artmasına ve dağıtım hattının güvenirlilik indeks değerlerinin azalmasına neden olur. Bu tarz problemler elektrikli araç şarj istasyonlarının (EAŞİ) şebekeye optimal şekilde konumlandırılması ile minimize edilebilir. Bu çalışmada, sürüş eğitimi-temelli optimizasyon (DTBO) algoritması kullanılarak 200 baralı test sisteminde optimal yük akışı ve EAŞİ'lerin optimum noktalara konumlandırılması eş zamanlı olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, üç farklı senaryo ve her bir senaryoya ait üç farklı durum göz önüne alınmıştır. Birinci senaryoda EAŞİ’lerin hatta bulunmadığı durumda optimal güç akışının gerçekleştirilmesi, ikinci senaryoda EAŞİ’lerin rastgele baralara konumlandırılarak, üreteçlerin aktif/reaktif güç çıkışlarının optimize edilmesi ve üçüncü senaryoda ise EAŞİ’lerin DTBO algoritması ile optimum noktalara yerleştirilerek ve üreteçlerin çıkış güçlerinin birlikte optimize edilmesi olarak özetlenebilir. Her senaryoda üç farklı durum (serbest çalışma, deterministik ve meta-sezgisel metot yaklaşımları) göz önüne alınarak sistemdeki aktif güç kayıpları minimize edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, DTBO algoritmasının kullanılmasıyla EAŞİ’lerin optimal noktalara konumlandırılması sonucunda aktif güç kayıplarının %32 oranında azaldığı göstermektedir.
MARMARA DENİZİ'NDE GÖRÜLEN MÜSİLAJIN ORTADAN KALDIRILMASINA YÖNELİK POLİTİKALARIN SİSTEM DİNAMİĞİ İLE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Demirel Duygun Fatih , Sezer Eylül
Published: June 2024

Jeopolitik, ekonomik ve ekolojik açıdan önemli bir yeri olan Marmara Denizi’nde yaşanan kirlilikteki artış son yıllarda farklı çevrelerin dikkatini çekmekle birlikte özellikle 2020-2021 yıllarında yaşanan müsilaj problemi sorunun ciddiyetini ortaya koymuştur. Literatürde iklim değişikliği, topografik yapı, artan nüfus, sanayileşme, tarım aktiviteleri, atıksu arıtma sistemlerinde kullanılan teknolojinin yetersizliği, vb. etmenlerin müsilaj oluşumunu tetiklediği öne sürülmektedir. Müsilaj sorununun çözümüne yönelik çeşitli stratejiler öne sunulmakla birlikte bu stratejilerin ne gibi sonuçlar doğuracağına ilişkin sayısal bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu amaçla bu makalede Marmara Denizi’nde görülen müsilaj olgusunu modellemek ve sorunu çözmeye yönelik politikaların etkilerini incelemek üzere sistem dinamiği yaklaşımına dayalı bir benzetim modeli sunulmaktadır. Önerilen model müsilaja neden olan temel mekanizmalar ile müsilajın ekonomik etkilerini temsil etmekte olup müsilaj problemini ortadan kaldırmaya yönelik çeşitli stratejilerin etkinlik seviyelerini farklı senaryolarla ortaya koymaktadır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre ileri biyolojik arıtma seviyelerinin arttırılması, tarım ve hayvancılık aktiviteleri için alınacak önlemler ve bölge nüfus artışına karşı alınacak önlemlerin bir arada uygulanmasının Marmara Denizindeki müsilaj riskini sınırlandıracağı sonucuna varılmaktadır.
PİRAZOL TÜREVI BİR BİLEŞİĞİN KURAMSAL HESAPLAMALARI VE HİRSHFELD YÜZEY ANALİZİ
Authors: Özdemir Tarı Gonca
Published: June 2024

Bu çalışmanın temeli, pirazol grubu bir bileşiğin kuramsal hesaplamaları üzerine kurulmuştur. Molekül yapısı daha önce X-ışını (Wang vd., 2005) ile aydınlatılmış olan bileşiğin teorik hesaplamaları yapılmış, deneysel sonuçlarla karşılaştırılmıştır. Bileşiğin en düşük enerjili kararlı durumuna ulaşabilmek için molekül Hartree Fock (HF) yöntemi ve Yoğunluk Fonksiyonel Kuramı (YFK)/B3LYP ve B3PW91 yöntemleri ve 6-311(d,p) ve 6-311++(d,p) baz setleriyle optimize edilmiştir. Moleküler yapının bu yöntemlerden B3LYP yöntemi ile en düşük enerjili duruma sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Molekülün reaktif olduğu bölgeleri belirleyebilmek için moleküler elektrostatik potansiyel haritaları, yük analizleri ve Fukui fonksiyonları belirlenmiş, sonuçlar karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca, molekülde bulunan etkileşimlerin belirlenebilmesi için Hirshfeld yüzey analizi yapılmış, sonuçlar tartışılmıştır.
MULTİSPEKTRAL VE HİPERSPEKTRAL GÖRÜNTÜLEME TEKNİKLERİNİN MEYVE - SEBZE İŞLEME TESİSLERİNDE KULLANIM OLANAKLARI
Authors: Özen Özgür Neşe , Akkoyun Fatih , Görgüç Ahmet , Yılmaz Fatih Mehmet
Published: June 2024

Bu çalışmada ileri görüntüleme tekniklerinden olan multispektral görüntüleme ve hiperspektral görüntülemenin meyve ve sebze endüstrisinde kullanım olanakları derlenmiştir. Multispektral görüntüleme ve hiperspektral görüntüleme teknikleri; meyve sebzeleri sınıflandırma, olgunluğa göre sıralama, kusurlu ürün ayırma, kuraklık ölçümü yapma, hasat zamanını belirleme gibi birçok uygulamada teşhis ve müdahale amacıyla kullanılmaktadır. Deneysel çalışmalarda multispektral görüntülemenin görünür ve yakın dalga boylarında gıdaların sınıflandırılması amacıyla kullanıldığında yüksek oranda başarılı olduğu görülmüştür. Hiperspektral görüntülemede ise meyve ve sebzelerde renk, sıkılık, asitlik, şeker, antioksidan madde miktarı, toplam çözünür kuru madde miktarını belirlemek gibi spesifik durumların yanında olgunluk, fizyolojik bozukluk, mekanik hasar, duyusal kalite, biyolojik kusur gibi kalite parametrelerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla da kullanıldığı görülmüş ve yüksek oranlarda başarılar elde edilmiştir. Bu görüntüleme teknikleri diğer sınıflandırma yöntemlerine kıyasla hızlı sonuç veren, çevreye duyarlı, meyve ve sebzelerde tahribat yaratmayan yöntemlerdir.
SENTEZLENEN METAL OKSİT NANOKOMPOZİT YARDIMIYLA SUCUL ÇÖZELTİLERDEN REAKTİF AZO BOYA GİDERİMİ
Authors: Şentürk İlknur
Published: June 2024

Bu çalışma, kesikli adsorpsiyon prosesi ile Reaktif Orange 16 boyasının (RO 16) adsorpsiyonu için manyetik nanokompozit materyal olarak Fe3O4@ZnO@TiO2'nin kullanılma olasılığını araştırmaktadır. Adsorban dozajının, temas süresinin, boya başlangıç konsantrasyonunun ve sıcaklığın RO 16 giderim performansı üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmak için kesikli adsorpsiyon sistemi kullanılmıştır. Sentezlenen Fe3O4@ZnO@TiO2 nanokompozitin yüzey özellikleri ve elementel analizi için SEM ve EDS analizleri yapılmıştır. Denge izoterm verileri, 40◦C'de 38,61 mg/g maksimum adsorpsiyon kapasitesi ile Langmuir modeli kullanılarak en iyi şekilde ilişkilendirilmiştir. Sözde ikinci dereceden model adsorpsiyon kinetiğini iyi bir şekilde temsil etmiş ve kemisorpsiyonu takip etmiştir. Hazırlanan Fe3O4@ZnO@TiO2, reaktif boyaların atık sulardan uzaklaştırılmasında kullanılabilecek etkili bir adsorbent adayıdır.
KENEVİR TOHUMU YAĞI VE NAOH-KOH KULLANILARAK ÜRETİLEN METİL ESTERLERİN MOTORİNLE HARMANLANMASI İLE ELDE EDİLEN BİYOYAKITLARIN KİNEMATİK VİSKOZİTE DEĞERLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: Demirbaş Fatmanur , Aslan Volkan
Published: June 2024

Fosil yakıtların tükenme tehlikesi, bu yakıtlardan enerji üretimi ile havaya salınan sera gazlarının küresel iklim değişikliğine olumsuz etkileri ve ekolojik dengenin sarsılması nedenlerinden dolayı alternatif yakıtların kullanımı hayati önem kazanmıştır. Alternatif yakıtlardan biri olan biyodizel; uygun emisyon ve yanma profili, karbon nötr özelliği, yüksek parlama noktası, çok yönlü kullanımı nedeniyle son zamanlarda büyük ilgi görmektedir. Bu çalışmada, kenevir yağının, sodyum hidroksit ve potasyum hidroksit varlığında, metanol ile reaksiyonu sonucunda biyodizel üretimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Her iki katalizörün en uygun biyodizel sentezi için katalizör ağırlığı (0,4–1,0 %ağ.), alkol:yağ molar oranı (3:1–9:1), reaksiyon sıcaklığı (30–60°C) ve reaksiyon süresi (30–75 dk.) parametreleri klasik metot kullanılarak optimize edilmiştir. Sodyum hidroksit ile yapılan denemelerde %94.89 biyodizel verimi elde edilirken, potasyum hidroksit kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen çalışmada %95,91 biyodizel verimi sağlanmıştır. Optimum sonuçlarda üretilen yakıtlar dizel yakıtı ile hacimsel olarak %10, %20, %30, %40, %50, %60, %70, %80 ve %90 oranlarında harmanlanmış ve karışım yakıtların 40°C’de kinematik viskozite değerleri belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, karışım yakıtların ASTM D6751 ve EN 14214 standartlarına uygun olduğu ve sodyum hidroksit ile üretilen yakıtların potasyum hidroksitle elde edilen yakıtlara göre daha düşük kinematik viskoziteye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
BENTONİT KUM KARIŞIMLARINDA ELASTİK DRENAJSIZ MODUL-SERBEST BASINÇ MUKAVEMETİ İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: Karakan Eyyüb
Published: June 2024

Zeminlerin mühendislik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi için temel parametrelerden biri de gerilme şekil değiştirme davranışıdır. Zeminlerin gerilme şekil değiştirme özellikleri laboratuvarda serbest basınç ve statik üç eksenli deneyler ile bulunabilir. Bu çalışmada yüksek plastisiteye sahip Bentonit kili ile kum karışımları kullanılmıştır. Karışımlar %100Bentonit kilinden başlayıp, %10kum ilave edilerek %100 kuma kadar, 11 karışım oluşturulmuştur. Serbest basınç deneyleri optimum su içeriği, optimum +2 su içeriği ve optimum-2 su içeriği olmak üzere 3 farklı su içeriklerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deney sonuçları incelendiğinde, en yüksek serbest basınç mukavemeti %100 bentonit kilinde optimum su içeriğinde ve 303.207 kPa olarak elde edilmiştir. En düşük serbest basınç mukavemeti ise optimum-2 su içeriğinde, %20bentonit-%80kum karışımında ve 30.09 kPa olarak bulunmuştur. Bentonit-kum karışımlarının artan kum içeriği ile birlikte her üç su içeriğinde de serbest basınç mukavemetleri azalmıştır. Artan bentonit içeriği ile birlikte karışımların drenajsız sekant modülü artmıştır. En yüksek drenajsız sekant modülü değerleri optimum su içeriklerinde elde edilmiştir. Her üç su içeriği için, drenajsız sekant modülü ile serbest basınç mukavemeti arasında doğrusal bir ilişki elde edilmiştir. Üç farklı su içeriği için, bentonit içeriği ile enerji sönümleme kapasitesinin değişimi hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar bentonit içeriği ile enerji sönümleme kapasitesi arasında düzgün bir artış ya da azalış ilişkisinin elde edilemediğini göstermektedir.
3B YAZICIDA ABS VE PLA MALZEME İLE ÜRETİLMİŞ LEVHALARLA OLUŞTURULAN TEK TESİRLİ YAPIŞTIRMA BAĞLANTILARININ ARAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: Kamer Muhammed Safa , Temiz Şemsettin
Published: June 2024

3 boyutlu (3B) yazdırılmış malzemelerin yapıştırma davranışlarının araştırılması, bu ürünlerin kullanım alanlarının genişletilebilmesi açısından önemlidir. Yapıştırma davranışlarının araştırılmasında kullanılan yöntemlerden biri tek tesirli yapıştırma bağlantılı test yöntemidir. Bu çalışmada, 3B yazıcı ile ABS ve PLA filamentler kullanılarak 3,2 mm kalınlığında, 100x25 mm boyutlarında polimer levhalar üretilmiştir. Üretilen levhaların 25x25 mm’lik kısımları üst üste gelecek şekilde yerleştirilmiş olup, aralarına iki farklı yapıştırıcı (Araldite 2011, Araldite 2015-1) uygulanarak tek tesirli yapıştırma bağlantıları oluşturulmuştur. Bu şekilde hazırlanan tek tesirli yapıştırma bağlantılı test numunelerinin kütle, sertlik ve yüzey pürüzlülüğü değerleri ölçülmüştür. Test numunelerine 1 mm/dk hızla çekme testi uygulanmıştır. 3B yazdırılmış ABS ve PLA levhaların farklı epoksi yapıştırıcılar kullanılarak yapıştırılmasıyla oluşturulan tek tesirli yapıştırma bağlantılarının çekme testi davranışları araştırılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda PLA malzeme ile üretilen test numunelerinde fırınlama işlemi sırasında polimer test levhasının kalınlığında yaklaşık olarak % 1,8’lik bir artış olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araldite 2011 epoksi yapıştırıcı ile yapıştırılan ABS test numunelerinde adeziv tip kopmanın meydana geldiği tespit edilmiştir. Araldite 2011 epoksi yapıştırıcı ile yapıştırılan ABS test numunelerinin en düşük çekme dayanımına sahip numune olduğu, Araldite 2015-1 epoksi yapıştırıcı ile yapıştırılan ABS test numunelerinin ise en yüksek kopma uzamasına sahip numune olduğu belirlenmiştir. Tüm parametreler arasında en yüksek çekme dayanımının PLA test numunelerinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
The criminal law protection of virtual property
Authors: Jin Tao , Yao Jing-jing
Published: June 2024

Virtual property in the sense of criminal law has the dispute between data attribute and property attribute, which leads to the differences in the criminal law protection path of virtual property. Virtual property has dual attributes of data and property, data attribute is its physical attribute, property attribute its essential attribute. According to the essential attribute of virtual property, virtual property should be protected as property, and the property protection path should be adopted. Virtual property is divided into physical virtual property, account virtual property and currency virtual property. Virtual property with management possibility, transfer possibility, relative non-replicability and property value should be protected as property.

Virtual property should be protected by classification, and the property protection path should be adopted for physical virtual property and currency virtual property with property value. The account type virtual property and the physical virtual property without property value should be protected as data.
The Burden of Proof on Gang-related Property: Defunctionalization and Regulation
Authors: Yao Xian-sen , Zhang Yao-yuan
Published: June 2024

Anti-Organized Crime Law establishes the proof system of gang-related property. However, due to the abstraction of the proof system and the disagreement of the distribution of the burden of proof, the proof system has the risk of blurring the burden of gang-related property, and forms a tendency of confiscation that is unfavorable to the accused. The defunctionalization of the burden of proof is manifested as the defunctionalization of the main body, the content and the function of the burden of proof. In view of the problem, criminal presumption rules, inversion of burden of proof, transfer of burden of proof and other distribution schemes of burden of proof cannot solve the problem.

In accordance with Article 45 (3) of the Anti-organized Crime Law, the public prosecution should bear the burden of proof on gang-related property, moderately reduce the evidentiary requirements and proof standards of the prosecution’s allegations to ease the prosecution’s difficulty in proving, thus negate the vanity of the burden of proof. At the same time, the defendant bears the obligation to clarify the case of gang-related property, and participates in the identification of gang-related property, so as to realize the legitimacy identification of the nature of the gang-related property.
P–S Travel-Time Detection and Hypocenter Location of Low-SNR Events Using Polarization in the Time–Frequency Domain
Authors: Sun Jingyi , Mukuhira Yusuke , Nagata Takayuki , Nonomura Taku , Fehler Michael C. , Moriya Hirokazu , Nakata Nori , Ito Takatoshi
Published: June 2024

The detection of microseismic events with low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) can expand the seismic catalog and provide opportunities for a deeper understanding of subsurface reservoir features. We propose a novel polarization analysis method for comprehensively detecting S-wave arrival and P–S travel time of low-SNR events from the particle motion of P and S waves in the time and frequency domain. In most circumstances, the direct S-wave particle motion shows a flat plane, and that is perpendicular to the direct P-wave motion direction. We combine these two properties to detect the S-wave arrival of low-SNR events. Our previous study applied spectral matrix (SPM) analysis to characterize the 3D particle motion of P waves. However, SPM analysis had limitations in detecting S-wave arrivals. We then introduce the time-delay components of the SPM (complex spectral matrix [cSPM]) to characterize the S-wave particle motion, separate the S-wave from the noise, and detect S-wave arrivals. Using the cSPM analysis method, we assess the planarity and perpendicularity of the S-wave polarization in the time and frequency domains. We then define a characteristic function that detects S-wave arrivals by combining two properties, planarity and perpendicularity, to detect more low-SNR events. The P–S travel time is obtained by setting the threshold values for the P- and S-wave characteristic functions. We apply our method to 4 hr and 2 months of field data recorded at the Groningen field in the Netherlands. Our method successfully detects the P–S travel time of all catalog events and several additional undetected events. We locate the hypocenter of all events using the detected P–S travel times with a grid-based search method.
Representation in Corpus Studies of Music: Commentary on Shea's (2022) "A Demographic Sampling Model and Database for Addressing Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Bias in Popular-music Empirical Research"
Authors: De Clercq Trevor
Published: June 2024

This commentary responds to the article by Nicholas Shea in Vol. 17(1) of this journal, which offers a method to encode the demographic information of the artists in a corpus of popular music and then describes a resampling procedure to create a new corpus based on specific demographic targets. I argue that attempts to diversify the demographic distribution of popular music corpora should occur not at the sampling stage but instead at a prior stage when the researcher is determining the musical style or era to study. Once this musical style or era has been determined, empirical principles oblige the researcher to create a corpus that faithfully represents the statistical population.
Commentary on David Temperley's "Melodic Pattern Repetition and Efficient Encoding: A Corpus Study"
Authors: Prince Jon B.
Published: June 2024

The following is a commentary of David Temperley's article on melodic pattern repetition and encoding. The article advances our understanding of patterns that could foster efficient encoding of melodies in Western tonal music. The research has room to grow in the theoretical context and provides opportunities for experimental work to test its predictions.
Influence of Derivatization Temperature and Butylated Hydroxytoluene on the Content of Malondialdehyde in Liver Homogenates
Authors: Konev A.D. , Aksenov I.V. , Tutelyan V.A.
Published: June 2024

Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a product of lipid peroxidation that is widely used as a marker of oxidative stress in biomedical research. Detectable levels of MDA can vary significantly, which may be due to its formation in vitro during sample preparation. The purpose of the work was to analyze the methodological reasons for overestimating the malondialdehyde content in the liver and to find approaches to eliminate the flaws of the method. The amount of MDA was estimated by its derivatization with 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) with subsequent analysis by HPLC with fluorimetric detection. Increasing the derivatization temperature had no significant effect on the intensity of MDA-TBA complex formation when standard MDA solutions were used, but led to a sharp increase in its content in liver homogenates, which was dose-dependently prevented by the inclusion of butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) in the reaction mixture. The results obtained may be in demand for the development of methods for the analysis of MDA in organs and tissues, as well as for the interpretation of relevant data from biomedical studies.
Academic Readiness of First-Year Students for Studying Mathematical Disciplines at an Economic University
Authors: Коннова Л.П. , Рылов А.А. , Степанян И.К.
Published: June 2024

От того, насколько подготовлен вчерашний школьник к образовательной среде университета, зависят его академические успехи, желание осваивать профессиональные навыки и проявлять творческую активность. Цель исследования заключается в уточнении критериев готовности первокурсников экономического университета к изучению дисциплин математического цикла и в формировании контента для проверки отдельных компонентов готовности. Приводится краткий обзор оценки степени подготовленности студентов первого курса бакалавриата к изучению базовых дисциплин. Уточнен инструментальный компонент известной структурной модели категории готовности обучающихся вуза. Основным методом исследования служит анализ, в результате которого авторам удалось диагностировать уровни академической готовности студентов экономического бакалавриата Финансового университета при Правительстве РФ к изучению дисциплины «Математика». Результатом исследования стала система апробированных в Финансовом университете учебных средств и педагогических мероприятий для адаптации первокурсников к изучению курса высшей математики. Показана особая роль универсальных цифровых навыков, которые в процессе обучения должны трансформироваться в профессиональные цифровые навыки для создания фундамента цифровой компетентности выпускников экономического университета.Ключевые слова: академическая готовность студента к изучению дисциплины, курс высшей математики, инструментальный компонент модели готовности первокурсников к изучению высшей математики, цифровая компетентность обучающихся.

His academic success, desire to learn professional skills and be creative depend on how prepared yesterday’s schoolchild is for the educational environment of the university. The purpose of the study is to clarify the criteria for the readiness of first-year students at an economics university to study the disciplines of the mathematical cycle and to develop content for testing individual components of readiness. A brief overview of the assessment of the degree of preparedness of first-year undergraduate students to study basic disciplines is provided. The instrumental component of the well-known structural model of the category of readiness of university students has been clarified. The main research method is analysis, as a result of which the authors were able to diagnose the levels of academic readiness of undergraduate economics students at the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation to study the discipline “Mathematics”. The result of the study was a system of teaching aids and pedagogical activities tested at the Financial University for the adaptation of first-year students to studying a higher mathematics course. The special role of universal digital skills is shown, which in the learning process should be transformed into professional digital skills to create the foundation for the digital competence of economic university graduates.
Quality of the Organization of Educational Process at a Medical University: Students’ Opinions
Authors: Черненков Ю.В. , Воротникова Н.А. , Клоктунова Н.А. , Барсукова М.И.
Published: June 2024

Приводятся результаты опроса студентов педиатрического факультета медицинского университета. Актуальность исследования определяется необходимостью систематического мониторинга организации учебного процесса для обеспечения качества образовательной деятельности. Вопросы анкеты, составленной авторами, акцентируют внимание обучающихся выпускного курса на причинах выбора университета и специальности, позволяют определить мотивы выбора траектории образования, выяснить предпочтения будущих педиатров на этапе постдипломного образования. Проведенный анализ мнений респондентов позволил сделать выводы о результативности профориентационной работы в вузе, о предпочтениях студентов в выборе места обучения и профиля будущей профессии, о готовности заниматься научно-исследовательской деятельностью или желании посвятить себя узкопрофильной специализации. Это позволяет корректировать организацию образовательной деятельности в вузе с цель повышения ее качества и планировать обеспечение кадрами системы здравоохранения региона.

The results of a survey of students of the pediatric faculty of a medical university are presented. The relevance of the study is determined by the need for systematic monitoring of the organization of the educational process to ensure the quality of educational activities. The questions in the questionnaire compiled by the authors focus the attention of graduate students on the reasons for choosing a university and specialty, make it possible to determine the motives for choosing an educational trajectory, and to find out the preferences of future pediatricians at the stage of postgraduate education. The analysis of respondents’ opinions allowed us to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of career guidance work at the university, about students’ preferences in choosing a place of study and the profile of their future profession, about their readiness to engage in research activities or the desire to devote themselves to a narrow specialization. This makes it possible to adjust the organization of educational activities at the university in order to improve its quality and plan the provision of personnel to the region’s healthcare system.
Caracterização molecular de populações de Meloidogyne enterolobii e M. konaensis no estado do Ceará, Brasil
Authors: Souza Junior Francisco Jorge Carlos de , Milfont Neto Aglaiso Bispo , Assunção Mayara Castro
Published: June 2024

A fruticultura é uma atividade realizada em todas as regiões do Brasil, apresentando grande importância econômica e social para o país, com produção superior a 40 milhões de toneladas por ano, ocupando a terceira posição no ranking mundial. Durante o processo produtivo diversos fatores podem causar prejuízos aos produtores, dentre os quais, a ocorrência de problemas fitossanitários, como a presença de nematoides, destacam-se como uma das principais causas. Os nematoides do gênero Meloidogyne são os principais, popularmente conhecidos como nematoide das galhas, ocasionando importante doença em frutíferas no Brasil, incluindo as culturas da goiaba e do mamão, responsáveis por causar danos econômicos. Com isso, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar isolados de Meloidogyne enterolobii e M. konaensis associados a cultura da goiaba e mamão do Estado do Ceará, utilizando marcadores enzimáticos e moleculares. Os isolados de M. enterolobii e M. konaensis foram obtidos da Coleção de Fitonematoides do Laboratório de Fitopatologia da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC). Para a identificação molecular realizou-se o sequenciamento das regiões D2-D3 do 28S rDNA e a região ITS. Os cladogramas realizados nesse trabalho a partir do sequenciamento obtido, agruparam as populações de M. enterolobii e M. konaensis com base na análise da máxima verossimilhança com isolados do Brasil e de outros países, atingindo 98-99% de similaridade. Duas espécies de Meloidogyne foram identificadas: M. enterolobii (MeCE-01) e M. konaensis (MkCE-01). A identificação precisa de espécies de Meloidogyne é necessária para a adoção de medidas de manejo da doença que preconizem a redução das populações deste nematoide, principalmente, quando há interesse de se utilizar variedades resistentes.
How does human capital in the public sector affect tax uncertainty?
Authors: Hou Weiyi , Sun Kunpeng
Published: June 2024

This paper provides new evidence on human resources management within the public sector. We explore the impact and mechanisms of the education and skills of tax inspectors on tax uncertainty using data from A-share-listed companies from 2009 to 2016. Our findings show that tax uncertainty is negatively correlated with the increase in human capital in the tax inspection bureau. That is, tax inspectors with higher levels of education and those who are certified tax agents help reduce tax uncertainty. Further analysis demonstrates that the impact of tax inspectors on tax uncertainty is most pronounced within large-scale and long-established firms.
Protective effects of thymogen analogues, modified by D-alanine, in hydrazine liver damage
Authors: Chulanova Anna A. , Smakhtina Angelina M. , Mal Galina S. , Bobyntsev Igor I. , Mishina Ekaterina S. , Smakhtin Mikhail Yu. , Kopeykin Pavel M. , Bogomolova Elena G.
Published: June 2024

Introduction: It is known that the insertion of D-amino acids into the structure of a peptide molecule can increase its half-life. The pharmacological drug Thymogen was modified with D-alanine from the N- and C-terminus of the molecule. The aim of the investigation was to study the reparative and antioxidant activity of structural analogues of thymogen in toxic liver damage by hydrazine in rats.
Materials and Methods: The investigation was conducted on 40 Wistar rats. Acute toxic liver damage was simulated with a single intraperitoneal injection of hydrazine hydrochloride at a dose of 50 mg/kg. Thymogen and its modified D-Ala analogues were administered intraperitoneally in equimolar doses for 5 days after intoxication. The animals were removed from the experiment 12 hours after the final administration of the peptides.
Results and Discussion: It has been established the reparative and antioxidant activities of thymogen structural analogues increased in conditions of liver damage with hydrazine. Peptides with the insertion of D-Ala reduced the level of free radical reactions more significantly in comparison with thymogen. All peptides comparably increased catalase activity in blood plasma and liver homogenate.
Conclusion: Thymogen analogues modified with D-Ala from the N- and C-terminus of the molecule can be considered as promising pharmacological substances for the development of new hepatoprotective drugs.
Can Work Motivation Strengthen Citizens' Behavior in Old Organizations? Work Environment and Career Development Approach
Authors: Putri Dewi Setianingrum Riska , Lusianti Dina , Tamara Fahira Keke
Published: June 2024

This study aims to determine the influence of the work environment and career development on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) through work motivation as an intervening variable at Percetakan Menara Kudus. The study uses quantitative methods with the object of research at Percetakan Menara Kudus. The research sample consisted of 103 respondents using a purposive sampling technique with the criteria of employees who have worked for at least one year at Percetakan Menara Kudus. The data analysis method used was Partial Least Square (PLS), operated using the SmartPLS version 3.0 program. The study results show that the work environment and career development each positively and significantly affect work motivation. The work environment and career development do not affect OCB. Another result of this research is that work motivation positively and significantly affects OCB. Apart from that, research also shows that work motivation can be an intervening variable in the work environment and for career development on OCB as well.
Keywords: work environment, career development, work motivation, organizational citizenship behavior