bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Concept of ‘Person’
Authors: Paolo Gamberini SJ
Published: June 2011

The concept of ‘person’ ( hypostasis) demands a theological reformulation in the emerging context of inculturation and interreligious dialogue. Especially in Asia, there has been a remarkable growth in theological reflection on this concept in these past 40 years. Asian Catholic theology has been seriously committed to the dialogue with Eastern religions and in the promotion of justice. In revisiting the concept ‘person / hypostasis,’ we are called to redefine basic theological categories: identity, kenosis, divine sonship, corporate personality and mediation. The contribution of Asian theologians—particularly Raimon Panikkar, Masao Abe, Aloysius Pieris and Peter Phan—is crucial for the reappraisal of Western theology and for the renewal of Christology in the name of the oppressed and the marginalized.
Truth, Charity, and the Dismal Science
Authors: Pecchenino Rowena A.
Published: June 2011

In Caritas In Veritate Pope Benedict XVI decries the present state of the world socially, politically, economically, and judicially. He sets out what should be so that each and every person can attain authentic human development, rather than remain mired in physical or spiritual poverty. While Caritas In Veritate calls upon economies, governments, and institutions to be and to do more, it fails to provide direction in terms of specific, feasible, incentive compatible socio-economic policies by which these goals can be achieved. By identifying the essential message of Caritas In Veritate, from the perspective of economics rather than theology, this article determines whether or not the temporal human development goals can be achieved, and if so, how.
Telenovela writers under the military regime in Brazil: Beyond the cooption and resistance dichotomy
Authors: Ribke Nahuel
Published: June 2011

This article aims to analyse the strategic choices made by left-wing telenovela writers during the military regime in Brazil, their complex relationships with their employer, Globo Network, and the regime’s various forms of censorship. The arrival of many critical cultural producers in the television industry during the authoritarian period in Brazil (1964—85) and the alleged close links between Globo Network and the military regime stirred an intense debate among the Brazilian intelligentsia. The participation of these cultural producers in the small-screen arena during the authoritarian period has been almost invariably considered by their detractors in terms of cooption/domination, or as a form of resistance by their defenders. The recent opening of the Censor Division Archives and the deluge of biographies, autobiographies and testimonials of key television figures during the authoritarian regime, have opened up new perspectives for examining Brazilian television history. Instead of the seemingly almost perfect harmony between the military regime and the television industry, as represented by Brazilian communication giant Globo Network, the present analysis focuses on some of the tensions, subtle struggles and spaces of relative autonomy within the telenovela field during the period of authoritarian rule in Brazil.
Creating digital enclaves: Negotiation of the internet among bounded religious communities
Authors: Campbell Heidi A. , Golan Oren
Published: June 2011

This article examines the motivation behind bounded groups’ creation of digital enclaves online. Through in-depth interviews with 19 webmasters and staff of selected Israeli Orthodox websites three critical areas of negotiation are explored: (1) social control; (2) sources of authority; and (3) community boundaries. Examining these tensions illuminates a detailed process of self-evaluation which leads religious stakeholders and internet entrepreneurs to form these digital enclaves in order to negotiate the core beliefs and constraints of their offline communities online. These offer spaces of safety for members within the risk-laden tracts of the internet. Examining the tensions accompanying the emergence of these religious websites elucidates community affordances as well as the challenges to the authority that integration of new media poses to closed groups and societies.
Running the race: Competition discourse and broadband growth in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Ganesh Shiv , Zorn Theodore E.
Published: June 2011

The objective of this study is to understand key aspects of contemporary discourse surrounding telecommunications development in Aotearoa New Zealand after the privatization of telecommunications in the late 1980s. We identify various characteristics of discourse on competition and telecommunication and trace how competition discourse was rhetorically positioned in attempts to produce economic, political and cultural outcomes. In particular, we argue that a race metaphor underpinned discussions about competition in broadband development. The race metaphor itself was raced inasmuch as it tapped into national anxieties about Aotearoa New Zealand’s place in the ‘developed’ world in order to motivate action on broadband policy. We also found that competition discourse in relation to broadband policy exhibited inherent contradictions in promoting control, in the form of increased regulation, while simultaneously promoting freedom, in the form of ‘unbundling’. Implications for understanding broadband growth as well as competition discourse itself are discussed.
Scientific communication in Libya in the digital age
Authors: Mahmood Intesar , Hartley Richard , Rowley Jennifer
Published: June 2011

This study seeks to understand the scientific communication activities of Libyan scientists, and their engagement with scientific publishing. The research embraces both formal and informal communication, and explores that behaviour in the context of a developing country, Libya. A mixed methods approach including desk research, a bibliometric study of recent scientific output, interviews with key informants, and a questionnaire survey with scientists is used to gather rich data and to generate deep insights into scientific communication behaviours. Findings suggest that Libyan scientists affirm the centrality of scientific communication to successful science, but that the nature of communication is influenced by national and other cultures, and in particular, Libyan scientists value informal scientific communication. They also both access and publish in e-journals and in open access sources but are aware of a range of barriers to scientific communication in the digital age.
Experiences of dying, death and bereavement in motor neurone disease: A qualitative study
Authors: Whitehead Bridget , O’Brien Mary R , Jack Barbara A , Mitchell Douglas
Published: June 2011

Objectives: to explore the experiences of people with Motor Neurone Disease (MND), current and bereaved carers in the final stages of the disease and bereavement period.

Methods: a qualitative study using narrative interviews was used to elicit accounts from 24 people with MND and 18 current family carers and 10 former family carers.

Results: the needs of patients and carers are not being adequately met in the final stages of MND and there appears a need for increased, co-ordinated support from palliative care services. The use of advance care planning tools is regarded as beneficial for patients and carers, but health professionals demonstrate a limited understanding of them. Anxiety and distress in patients, carers and bereaved carers is heightened during this period. Carer burden is excessive and may exacerbate patient distress and desire for hastening death.

Conclusion: this study has identified a number of issues people with MND and their carers face in the final stages of the illness, indicating some ways in which health, social and palliative care services could be improved or co-operate more effectively in order to better meet their needs.
Localization of Canine, Feline, and Mouse Renal Membrane Proteins
Authors: Brandt L. E. , Bohn A. A. , Charles J. B. , Ehrhart E. J.
Published: June 2011

Immunohistochemistry allows the localization of proteins to specific regions of the nephron. This article reports the identification and localization of proteins in situ within normal canine, feline, and mouse kidney by immunohistochemistry; maps their distribution; and compares results to previously reported findings in other species. The proteins investigated are aquaporin 1, aquaporin 2, calbindin D-28k, glutathione S-transferase-α, and Tamm-Horsfall protein. Aquaporins are integral membrane proteins involved in water transport across cell membranes. Calbindin D-28k is involved in renal calcium metabolism. Glutathione S-transferase-α is a protein that aids in detoxification and drug metabolism. The role of Tamm-Horsfall protein is not fully understood. Proposed functions include inhibition of calcium crystallization and reduction of bacterial urinary tract infection. The authors’ findings in the dog are similar to those in other species: Specifically, the authors localize aquaporin 1 to the proximal convoluted tubule epithelium, vasa recta endothelium, and descending thin limbs; aquaporin 2 to collecting duct epithelium; and calbindin D-28k within distal convoluted tubule epithelium. Glutathione S-transferase-α has variable expression and is found in only the renal transitional epithelium in some individuals, in only the proximal straight tubules in others, or in both locations in others. Tamm-Horsfall protein localizes to thick ascending limb epithelium. These findings are similar in the cat, with the exception that aquaporin 1 is located in glomerular podocytes, in addition to proximal convoluted tubule epithelium, and glutathione S-transferase-α is found solely within the proximal convoluted tubule within all kidney samples examined. The mouse kidney is almost identical to the dog but expresses glutathione S-transferase-α in the glomeruli only.
Quality of Life and Clinical Outcome Comparison of Semitendinosus and Gracilis Tendon Versus Patellar Tendon Autografts for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Sajovic Matjaz , Strahovnik Andrej , Dernovsek Mojca Z. , Skaza Katja
Published: June 2011

Background: There are still controversies about graft selection for primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Prospective, randomized long-term studies are needed to determine the differences between the graft materials.

Hypothesis: Eleven years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction there is no difference in functional outcome and quality of life between patients with patellar tendon or hamstring tendon autografts; however, the patients with patellar tendon autograft would have a higher prevalence of osteoarthritis.

Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods: From June 1999 to March 2000, 64 patients were included in this prospective study. A single surgeon performed primary arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in an alternating sequence. In 32 patients, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was performed with hamstring tendon autograft (semitendinosus and gracilis [STG] group) while in the other 32 patients the reconstruction was performed with patellar tendon autograft (PT group).

Results: At the 11-year follow-up, no statistically significant differences were seen with respect to the Lysholm score and Short Form-36, KT-1000 arthrometer laxity testing, anterior knee pain, single-legged hop test, or International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) classification results. Positive pivot-shift test (1+) was significantly more frequent in the PT group ( P = .036). Twenty-two patients (81%) in the STG group and 18 patients (72%) in the PT group were still at their preinjury level of activity. Graft rupture occurred in 2 patients from the STG group (6%) and in 4 patients from the PT (12%). Grade B and C abnormal radiographic findings were seen in 84% (21 of 25) of patients in the PT group and in 63% (17 of 27) of patients in the STG group ( P = .008).

Conclusion: Both hamstring and patellar tendon autografts provided good subjective outcomes and objective stability at 11 years. Positive pivot-shift test (1+) was significantly more frequent in the PT group. No significant differences in the rate of graft failure were identified. Patients with patellar tendon graft had a greater prevalence of osteoarthritis at 11 years after surgery.
The Validation of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index for Chinese Teachers From Primary and Middle Schools
Authors: Huang Xiaozhong , Li Weijian , Sun Binghai , Chen Haide , Davis Mark H.
Published: June 2011

Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of Interpersonal Reactivity Index (C-IRI) were examined in a sample of 930 teachers in China. The subscales of the C-IRI demonstrated acceptable to good internal consistency and test–retest reliability. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed a stable four-factor structure across three independent samples. The construct validity was also demonstrated; the scores of teachers on perspective taking and empathic concern were significantly higher than those of web users and prisoners. The convergent and discriminant validity of the C-IRI subscales were evaluated using measures of social functioning in the domains of self-esteem, social anxiety, shyness, agreeableness, and forgiveness.
External Organizational Rhetoric: Bridging Management and Sociopolitical Discourse
Authors: Heath Robert L.
Published: June 2011

As is the case for internal organization rhetoric, external rhetoric is essential to understanding, evaluating, and improving organizations’ participation in the sociopolitical discourse in the communities where they operate. As a parallel to the 2008 special issue on internal organizational rhetoric, this issue examines organizations’ participation in and response to the discourse external to them and definitive of the dynamics of resource dependency. This introductory article sets the foundation for launching this discussion, which is pursued in other articles and responded to by yet additional authors. In short, the purpose of this issue is to explore how organizations engage constructively and destructively in the discourse that defines their legitimacy.
Adopting an Attitude of Wisdom in Organizational Rhetorical Theory and Practice: Contemplating the Ideal and the Real
Authors: Meisenbach Rebecca J. , Bonewits Feldner Sarah
Published: June 2011

Research and practice in external rhetoric often fall short of ideals both in terms of widespread use of a rhetorical perspective and in achieving dialogic conditions in the public sphere. In this response, the authors consider potential explanations for this shortfall, focusing on challenges that exist on a theoretical level within organizational rhetoric scholarship and on a practical level as individuals and organizations interact.
Rhetoric, Climate Change, and Corporate Identity Management
Authors: Frandsen Finn , Johansen Winni
Published: June 2011

This article examines rhetorical aspects of corporate identity management practiced by corporations in many parts of the world as a consequence of the ongoing institutionalization of climate change. Through a case study, we analyze the rhetoric produced by car producers in Denmark (the three best selling brands in 2009: Peugeot, Ford, and Toyota) to identify themselves vis-à-vis external key stakeholders. The article is based on theories stemming from neoinstitutional organizational studies, especially the Scandinavian research tradition, where organizations are active “translators” that adopt new rules, norms, and ideas in accordance with their local organizational contexts. We ask what kind of impact the new external organizational rhetoric may have on the organizations concerned and on society at large: Do organizations, in the course of time, become what they claim to be?
Concluding Thoughts and Challenges
Authors: Palenchar Michael J.
Published: June 2011

This special issue of Management Communication Quarterly mines the rhetorical heritage to explore the challenges facing those who engage in and critique external organizational rhetoric, setting its sights on helping organizations make society a better place to live. Toward this end, rhetoric focuses on strategic communication influences that at their best result from or foster collaborative decisions and cocreated meaning that align stakeholder interests. This special issue demonstrates the eclectic and complex theories, applied contexts, and ongoing arguments needed to weave the fabric of external organizational communication. Over the years, Robert Heath and others have been advocates for drawing judiciously on the rhetorical heritage as guiding foundation for issues management and public relations activities. Rather than merely acknowledge the pragmatic or utilitarian role of discourse, this analysis also aspires to understand and champion its application to socially relevant ends. In that quest, several themes stand out: (a) In theory and practice external organizational rhetoric weighs self-interest against others’ enlightened interests and choices; (b) organizations as modern rhetors engage in discourse that is context relevant and judged by the quality of engagement and the ends achieved thereby; and (c) in theory and practice external organizational rhetoric weighs relationship between language that is never neutral and the power advanced for narrow or shared interests.
Dynamics of a hydropower generator subjected to unbalanced magnetic pull
Authors: Calleecharan Y , Aidanpää J-O
Published: June 2011

Eccentricity leading to unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP) in electrical machines is a significant concern in industry. The UMP is known to be composed of two components: a radial component and a tangential one. Models that are used in industry tend to include the radial component alone. In this article, a Jeffcott rotor model together with a new UMP model that incorporates both radial and tangential UMP constituents is studied for an industrial hydropower generator. Characterizing the UMP as springs permits the model to inherit UMP stiffness contribution. Interesting dynamics are observed with the new model for a wide range of external forcing frequencies. It is shown firstly that the new UMP model is sensitive to forcing frequency in the rotor movements. Secondly, it is found that this sensitivity to forcing frequency increases with decreasing rotor system stiffness. Moreover, quasi-periodic motion in the rotor displacements is observed and it is noted that the rotor does not need to be forced by frequencies above its critical speed for this less desirable motion to occur. Thus, it becomes interesting to be able to account for the UMP stiffness contribution in order to curb machine malfunction which might result from these UMP forces.
Parameter analysis and optimization of paper feeding devices to minimize jamming and simultaneous feeding of multiple pages
Authors: Kim H , Lee J
Published: June 2011

This article investigates an optimal design for a paper-feeding system that minimizes both jamming and simultaneous feeding of multiple papers, hereafter referred to as the multi-feeding rate. A total of 11 design parameters for the paper transfer device, the paper separation device, and the paper guide path are selected and analysed in this study. A test jig for feeding and transferring papers is manufactured to obtain experimental data for use in parameter analysis and design optimization. Back-propagation neural network-based causality analysis is employed to extract five dominant variables among 11 design parameters, and the results of causality analysis are compared with sensitivity results obtained from the analysis of means in the context of experimental design. Five-variable, second-order polynomial based approximate meta-models for jam rate and multi-feeding rate are then constructed, and numerical optimization is performed using NSGA-II, a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm. Finally, two numerical Pareto optimal solutions are verified via experimental testing.
Spiral involutes and their application in gear transmission
Authors: Liu L , Huang Y H
Published: June 2011

Involute helical gears mesh based on the intersections of involute helicoids. However, spiral involutes on the tooth surface do not participate in meshing directly. A new type of gear drive, the spiral involute gear drive, is proposed that works on the contact of spiral involutes. The generation of tooth profile is introduced in detail. Through relative-stagnation method, spiral involutes prove to have conjugation characteristics. To testify whether the transmission ratio of cylindrical spiral involute gears is constant, simulation is implemented in commercial codes ADAMS based on solid models of a pair of spiral involute gears. The computed results show that this novel gear drive can achieve a constant transmission ratio. Due to transmission with uniform velocity, cylindrical spiral involute gears can be used in transmission between intersecting axes. Milling and grinding apply to manufacturing of spiral involute gears.
Barriers to Hospice for Children as Perceived by Hospice Organizations in North Carolina
Authors: Varela Ana Milena Sanchez , Deal Allison M. , Hanson Laura C. , Blatt Julie , Gold Stuart , Dellon Elisabeth P.
Published: June 2011

Despite improving organization of hospice for children with life-limiting illnesses, services may be underutilized. We asked representatives of all 76 existing North Carolina hospice organizations about barriers to serving children. Representatives of 61 agencies responded (80%). Hospices serving children differed from hospices not serving children on perception of barriers: 1) Lack of pediatric trained staff (8% vs 42%, p = 0.01); 2) lack of pediatrician consultation (23% vs 50%, p = 0.03); 3) lack of pediatric pharmacy (4% vs 32%, p = 0.006), and inconsistent plan of care between pediatrician and hospice (12% vs 47%, p = 0.01). Lack of pediatric referrals (78%) and families wanting to continue curative therapies while receiving hospice care (77%) were felt to be the most important barriers overall. Enhanced training of pediatric providers and a model of care which blends disease-specific treatment with hospice may improve access to hospice services for children.
Attitudes of Members of the National Association of College Wind and Percussion Instructors Toward Their Own and Their Students’ Teaching of Applied Music Lessons
Authors: Fredrickson William E. , Gavin Russell B. , Moore Christopher R.
Published: June 2011

The current study was designed to help examine attitudes toward private lesson teaching of a cross section of wind and percussion instrument instructors ( N = 72) who represent teachers with the potential to influence present and future instrumental music education students. The subject pool was drawn from the membership of the National Association of College Wind and Percussion Instructors (NACWPI). Results were similar in many ways to responses in previous studies involving music faculty and music students. These respondents indicated that they liked teaching, liked the challenges of teaching musicians, indicated that teaching served to help their personal performing, and that good teaching technique was not obvious and needed to be taught. They also enjoyed talking about pedagogical issues with students, periodically shared pedagogical information as part of students’ lessons, but were not committed to recommending that students take a pedagogy class. Engaging the membership of organizations such as NACWPI will be necessary if the music teacher education profession is to find ways to include the pedagogy of individual music lesson teaching for musicians interested in becoming teachers.
Imagining High-Tech Bodies
Authors: Delgado Ana , Rommetveit Kjetil , Barceló Miquel , Lemkow Louis
Published: June 2011

Seeking for broad and inclusive ways of framing ethical debates on emerging technologies, in this article the authors explore imaginaries of body enhancement as encompassed in the science fiction (sci-fi) literature. They provide in-depth descriptions of three sci-fi novels: Neuromancer, The Player of Games, and Kéthani. They explore how ethical concerns are framed within the imaginary world of these novels, emphasizing that this framing is usually ambivalent, embedded within lived narratives, as well as future and collectively oriented. Because they evoke shared imaginaries, sci-fi novels appear as useful to trigger debate on new technologies.
In the Face of Critique
Authors: Amend Elyse , Secko David M.
Published: June 2011

The qualitative literature related to health and science journalism often states that little is known about the perspectives of journalists. This is, in part, because of individual studies being like scattered pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. In this article, the authors report the results of a qualitative metasynthesis aimed at reassembling the qualitative literature involving health and science journalists. Comprehensive literature searches gave a data set of 21 studies whose synthesis produced 14 metathemes and four taxonomic groupings. This synthesis is used to show the state of qualitative knowledge and the potential for future research.
Gender Differences in Adolescents’ Wishful Identification With Scientist Characters on Television
Authors: Steinke Jocelyn , Applegate Brooks , Lapinski Maria , Ryan Lisa , Long Marilee
Published: June 2011

Adolescents’ wishful identification with televised scientist characters was examined as related to interactions among the following variables: gender of participant, gender of scientist character, program genre, and selected character attributes. Findings indicated some gender differences in adolescents’ wishful identification with scientist characters they viewed on television. Boys showed more wishful identification with male scientist than with female scientist characters for all character attributes, and girls showed more wishful identification with female scientist than with male scientist characters portrayed dominant or as working alone. Both girls and boys showed more wishful identification with scientist characters in drama programs than for those in cartoon and educational programs across all character attributes. Both girls and boys showed more wishful identification for some character attributes depending on the program genre viewed. Implications of these findings for producers of television programs and other media are discussed related to efforts to encourage adolescent girls’ interest in science careers.
Depression and Chronic Illness: A Test of Competing Hypotheses
Authors: Liew Hui-Peng
Published: June 2011

No Indonesian studies have addressed the relationship between chronic illness and depression. Using simultaneous equation modeling, this study modeled the joint dependency of depression and chronic illness. The findings showed that the odds of having at least two chronic health conditions increase with the level of depression and individuals with at least two chronic health conditions have higher odds of being in a higher depression category. The health benefits of education are greater among Indonesian women after controlling for mobility, age, marital status, and smoking. Policies directed toward reducing gender differences in education are crucial to reduce persistent health inequalities.
Air Pressure Fluctuations of Drainage Stacks at a High-rise Office Building
Authors: Liao W.J. , Mui K.W. , Cheng C.L. , Wong L.T. , He K.C.
Published: June 2011

This study examines air pressure variations along a discharging stack with unsteady discharging flow rates, including the fluctuation frequency, the maximum and average pressures with their respective standard deviations at a drainage stack of an in-use office building. With a modified constant, the maximum air pressure at the drainage stack could be described by the probability density function of the measured data using earlier proposed mathematical expressions for steady discharging flow rates. The average prediction and the maximum under-prediction of the absolute peak pressure were determined with the margin of errors taken within certain confidence levels. The results would be useful for understanding the air pressure in drainage stacks and help increase the potential of installing a real-time monitoring system in a high-rise drainage stack.
Monitoring of Indoor Radon Levels Around an Oil Refinery Using CR-39-Based Radon Detectors
Authors: Rahman S.U. , Malik F. , Matiullah  , Nasir T. , Anwar J.
Published: June 2011

Contribution of radon and its decay products towards the total effective dose has been reported to be more than 50% and is a second leading cause of the lung cancer after cigarette smoking. It is an established fact that besides soil and rocks, naturally occurring radio nuclides are also associated with the petroleum extracted from the sedimentary deposits. Therefore, radon measurement around oil refineries is desirable. In this regard, an indoor radon measurement study was carried out in 40 dwellings which were situated in the vicinity of an oil refinery in the Rawalpindi district using CR-39-based radon detectors. For comparison, indoor radon levels were also measured in 40 dwellings situated at a greater distance (>2 km) from the refinery. The maximum measured indoor radon concentration was found to be 190 ± 6 Bq·m−3 whilst the minimum recorded concentration was 12 ± 7 Bq·m−3. The mean radon concentration in the dwellings surveyed was 57 ± 29 Bq·m−3. No significant difference was observed in the average indoor radon levels in the dwellings situated near the oil refinery premises when compared with those further away. From the measured radon concentrations, an annual effective dose was calculated to be 0.9 ± 0.1 mSv which is below the ICRP recommended value.
The Effects of Physical Environmental Factors on Students’ Perceptions in Computer Classrooms
Authors: Yildirim Kemal , Capanoglu Aysen , Cagatay Kubulay
Published: June 2011

The environmental setting has a direct impact on perception, comfort, motivation, and concentration in learning environments. Accordingly, in computer classrooms, technological equipment and classroom settings can enhance psychological comfort and the learning environment. With this in mind, seemingly subtle differences in interior design/layout, as opposed to the larger matters of architectural design and floor-plan, were assumed to influence the perceptual performance of design students. To verify this hypothesis, the atmospheric attributes of two computer classrooms used to teach 3Dmax and AutoCAD drawing programs at the Department of Furniture and Decoration of Technical Education Faculty at Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, were tested by eliciting responses to ten bipolar semantic differential items on a Likert-style scale. Results showed that differences in the environmental settings of each classroom had an important influence on the perceptual evaluations of students. Factors such as proximity/distance of pieces of equipment to one another, roominess/crowdedness in terms of the placement of the PC boxes, the presence of paintings and plants, and attention to circulation and sightlines, were observed to have an effect on whether student participants perceived a space positively or negatively. These results imply that preparing an optimal environment would encourage a good relationship between the student and his or her environment, thereby encouraging more productive learning and better motivation and concentration.
Interaction in community-based aged healthcare: Perceptions of people with dementia
Authors: Gill Liz , White Lesley , Cameron Ian Douglas
Published: June 2011

This research sought to understand how people with dementia perceive interaction in the context of their service experience. Using the client data from a qualitative study that was conducted over three years and employed both inductive and deductive techniques, the data from 22 client interviews were consolidated and then analysed. Seven themes related to service experience were identified: Awareness; Communication; Dependency; Expectations; Experience; Position; and Relationship. These themes provide insights that could assist service providers to better understand and facilitate interaction with their clients. The study highlights that clients with dementia wish to be given the opportunity to have input to the creation of their service. Itpoints out that service organizations need to develop tailored mechanisms that will allow this to occur; and the study provides information that could be used to facilitate the achievement of a responsive, client-centred community-based aged healthcare service.
Art as social practice: transforming lives using sculpture in HIV/AIDS awareness and prevention in Uganda
Authors: Nabulime Lilian , McEwan Cheryl
Published: June 2011

This article explores the possibilities of art as social practice in the context of the fight against HIV/AIDS. It is inspired by notions of art having the capacity to move beyond the spaces of galleries into an expanded field, and thus beyond the visual and into the social. The article examines the potential for sculpture to play a transformative role in HIV/AIDS awareness and prevention, and in transforming the gender relations that shape the dynamics of the spread of the disease. These ideas are developed through discussion of research conducted in Uganda and in the UK, which sought to develop forms of sculptural practice for HIV/AIDS awareness and prevention in Uganda. The article explores the ways in which a series of soap sculptures are an effective tool in the fight against the disease, particularly in communities with high rates of illiteracy and in which discussion of sex and sexuality remains largely taboo. The article contends that countering taboo and facilitating dialogue between women and men, thus encouraging attitudinal and behavioural change, are perhaps the most significant impacts that this form of sculpture can make. This is because while awareness of the disease in Uganda is often high, having the capacity to discuss and act upon this awareness is often problematic, largely because of fear, stigma and taboo, and the unequal gender relations that determine the nature of men and women’s sexual lives. The article concludes that the transformative effects of the soap sculptures are revealed in the ways in which they challenge taboos, tackle fear and stigma, and facilitate dialogue between men and women.
‘The long and dusty road’: Comex travel cultures and Commonwealth citizenship on the Asian Highway
Authors: Craggs Ruth
Published: June 2011

This article explores the Comex expeditions founded in 1965 to allow young people to understand Commonwealth ideals through travelling by road to India. Comex drew on optimistic narratives about the possibilities of the Commonwealth as an antidote to the perceived problems of race and declining values in the modern world, attempting to produce enlightened Commonwealth citizens through the travel culture prescribed on route. The article argues that contact, hospitality, adventure and discipline were all central to the expeditions, feeding into and reproducing visions for the Commonwealth in the 1960s and drawing on other narratives of the road and post-colonial travel. By recalling episodes and events on these journeys, the paper highlights the creation and practice of a Comex Commonwealth citizenship through travel. It also provides insights into the reconstruction of expeditionary memories and identities through a variety of archival materials.
So close, yet so far away: imaging Chinese ‘homeland’ in Taiwan’s geography education (1945—68)
Authors: Chang Bi-yu
Published: June 2011

After their defeat in the Chinese civil war, in 1949 the exiled Kuomintang (KMT) government fled to Taiwan and endeavoured to educate the baby-boomer generation on the island to become ‘true Chinese’. Geography education was one of the fundamental vehicles used by the KMT to construct a Chinese identity and to create a longing for a Chinese motherland. This paper explores the ways in which a KMT-versioned ‘sense of place’ was constructed in elementary education during the period between 1945 and 1968, and investigates how the concepts of ‘home’ and ‘homeland’ were introduced and presented in school textbooks. By examining the geographic knowledge taught in Taiwan’s elementary schools (both through the content of textbooks and the design of the curriculum), this paper investigates how the foundations of a China-centric identity were laid, and also the ways in which a Chinese homeland was constructed through geography education. However, in the process of reinforcing a sense of Chinese-ness, the relationship between the island and its inhabitants was sacrificed. The island became distant, insignificant and absent in school education and was turned into a meaningless flatscape. This paper argues that the rise of Taiwanese awareness in the 1990s has proven that an arbitrary construction of an inauthentic Chinese identity is both problematic and unsustainable.
A full forcing oil spill forecast model based on distributed environment coupling technology
Authors: Deng J , Fei W-J , Huang L-W
Published: June 2011

The way in which a successful response to ocean pollution is performed is very important, but the marine environment is a very complex system which directly influences the pollution situation. This paper focuses on marine environmental forecast technology. Research on the full forcing oil spill forecast model (FFOSFM) can simulate the movement of oil pollution on the sea surface more accurately than the ordinary method can. An advanced numerical simulation method has been used in this system and some different successful mathematical models (including an atmospheric module, an ocean module, and a wave module) have been coupled together to forecast the full forcing environment factors, such as the sea surface wind, the sea surface current, the wave, and the elevation. This system has also been combined with geographical information system technology and has a user-friendly interface. In this paper, the system has been applied to the Zhoushan Islands as an important part of the Zhoushan Oil Spill Simulation System and supplying the environment data for oil simulation. The real experiment proves that the FFOSFM can forecast the environment data exactly; also, the precision of oil pollution has been greatly updated. Therefore, the FFOSFM can be extended as the basis of a possible future research.
Simulations on concrete penetration of shaped charges
Authors: Yavuz M Sarper , Yildirim R Orhan
Published: June 2011

In this paper, the effects of the use of various aluminium materials as liner material in shaped charges for the perforation of concrete slabs are examined with numerical simulations. Using AUTODYN-2D software, formation of the shaped charge jets for seven different aluminium materials are modelled first and then these jets are directed to 35 MPa compressive strength concrete slabs. Those analyses are performed for a constant liner thickness which corresponds to 8% of the shaped charge diameter. Furthermore, the effect of standoff on the penetration of concrete slabs is examined by using shaped charges with the same geometry and liner material (7075-T6). The cone angle of the shaped charge is taken as 100°.
“A Student [Came] Down and Said ‘There’s a . . . Guy in the . . . English Classroom With a Gun’”: Recovering From Violent Invasion
Authors: Dishman Mike L. , Lewis Jessica L. , Pepper Matthew J.
Published: June 2011

On the morning of September 27, 2006, a 53-year-old drifter with no ties to the community walked into Platte Canyon High School in Bailey, Colorado, with several firearms, taking a college-prep English class hostage. After a 4-hr stand-off, one 16-year-old student—along with the drifter—was killed in subsequent police action. This case study examines the recovery prioritization and leadership foci of the school’s administration throughout the year immediately following the shooting. Crisis recovery lessons—particularly those involving school violence—are presented and explored. The case study is presented from the perspective of Principal Bryan Krause.
Nurses with disabilities: a pilot test of the Nurses’ Attitudes toward Nurses with Disabilities Scale
Authors: Matt Susan B.
Published: June 2011

The aims of this pilot study were to describe registered nurses’ attitudes toward nurses with disabilities in the hospital nursing work force, explore factors contributing to these attitudes and explore the concept of disability climate in the hospital workplace.

The web-based 37-item Nurses’ Attitudes toward Nurses with Disabilities Scale (NANDS) was administered to a convenience sample of 131 registered nurses working in three urban tertiary care hospitals.

Respondents with experience caring for patients with disabilities indicated a significantly more positive perception of accessibility in the workplace and more positive attitudes toward the capability of nurses with disabilities than those without patient exposure. Respondents with higher levels of education indicated a higher level of Americans with Disabilities Act awareness. The disability climate was significantly more positive in outpatient clinics than in intensive care unit environments.

Nurses with physical and sensory disabilities may feel more welcomed in areas serving patients with lower acuities. Greater exposure to individuals with disabilities positively impacts attitudes toward this population. The NANDS may be useful to assist employers and nursing administrators in assessing and creating healthy, disability-friendly work environments that promote a positive disability climate and improve the work experience for nurses with disabilities.
Arthroscopic ligamentoplasty (bone–tendon–tenodesis). A new surgical technique for scapholunate instability: preliminary cadaver study
Authors: Corella F. , Del Cerro M. , Larrainzar-Garijo R. , Vázquez T.
Published: June 2011

We present an anatomical study and description of a new surgical technique for arthroscopic treatment of scapholunate ligament injuries. Five cadaver specimens were used to perform the technique. After arthroscopic surgery, anatomic dissection was performed to measure the distances to critical wrist structures such as the posterior interosseous nerve and the radial artery, and the size and position of the plasty. This arthroscopic technique offers three advantages: soft tissue damage is reduced (avoiding an extensive approach and injury to the secondary stabilizers and reducing scar tissue); injury to the posterior interosseous nerve is avoided (maintaining wrist proprioception and the role of the dynamic stabilizers); and a biotenodesis is made that ensures proper placement, tension and functionality of the flexor carpi radialis ligament reconstruction.
Children with surgically corrected hand deformities and upper limb deficiencies: self-concept and psychological well-being
Authors: Andersson G.-B. , Gillberg C. , Fernell E. , Johansson M. , Nachemson A.
Published: June 2011

We studied self-concept and psychological well-being in children with hand deformities and upper limb deficiencies. Ninety-two children, 53 boys, 39 girls, aged 9–11 years were included. The children were divided into two subgroups – one with milder (less visible) deformities and one with severe (more complex and visible) finger–hand–arm deformities. Of the 92 children, 79 had received reconstructive surgery, and 13 had been treated with prostheses. The Piers–Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale (PHCSCS) was used to measure self-esteem and well-being. Overall PHCSCS scores showed that the whole hand deformity group had ‘good’ self-concept with mean scores in excess of 60 points, equal to a comparison group of healthy children. Within the hand deformity group, those with mild deformities had lower scores than those with severe deformities. This result was also found in the group of boys but not in the girls. The children with severe deformities had even higher scores than the comparison group regarding the subscale ‘Intellectual and School Status’. The children with milder deformities had lower scores than the comparison group regarding the subscale ‘Popularity’.
Lack of the T cell–specific alternative p38 activation pathway reduces autoimmunity and inflammation
Authors: Jirmanova Ludmila , Giardino Torchia Maria Letizia , Sarma Nandakumara D. , Mittelstadt Paul R. , Ashwell Jonathan D.
Published: June 2011

Stimulation via the T-cell receptor (TCR) activates p38α and p38β by phosphorylation of p38 Tyr-323 (p38Y323). Here we characterize knockin mice in which p38α and/or β Tyr-323 has been replaced with Phe. We find that p38α accounts for two-thirds and p38β the remainder of TCR-induced p38 activation. T cells from double knockin mice (p38αβY323F) had defects in TCR-mediated proliferation and Th1 and Th17 skewing, the former corresponding with an inability to sustain T-bet expression. Introduction of p38αY323F into Gadd45α-deficient mice, in which the alternative p38 pathway is constitutively active, reversed T-cell hyperproliferation and autoimmunity. Furthermore, p38αβY323F mice had delayed onset and reduced severity of the inflammatory autoimmune diseases collagen-induced arthritis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Thus, T cell-specific alternative activation of p38 is an important pathway in T-cell proliferation, Th skewing, and inflammatory autoimmunity, and may be an attractive tissue-specific target for intervention in these processes.
Obscured phylogeny and possible recombinational dormancy in Escherichia coli
Authors: Leopold Shana R , Sawyer Stanley A , Whittam Thomas S , Tarr Phillip I
Published: June 2011

Background

Escherichia coli is one of the best studied organisms in all of biology, but its phylogenetic structure has been difficult to resolve with current data and analytical techniques. We analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms in chromosomes of representative strains to reconstruct the topology of its emergence.

Results

The phylogeny of E. coli varies according to the segment of chromosome analyzed. Recombination between extant E. coli groups is largely limited to only three intergroup pairings.

Conclusions

Segment-dependent phylogenies most likely are legacies of a complex recombination history. However, E. coli are now in an epoch in which they no longer broadly share DNA. Using the definition of species as organisms that freely exchange genetic material, this recombinational dormancy could reflect either the end of E. coli as a species, or herald the coalescence of E. coli groups into new species.
On the alleged origin of geminiviruses from extrachromosomal DNAs of phytoplasmas
Authors: Saccardo Federica , Cettul Emanuele , Palmano Sabrina , Noris Emanuela , Firrao Giuseppe
Published: June 2011

Background

Several phytoplasmas, wall-less phloem limited plant pathogenic bacteria, have been shown to contain extrachromosomal DNA (EcDNA) molecules encoding a replication associated protein (Rep) similar to that of geminiviruses, a major group of single stranded (ss) DNA plant viruses. On the basis of that observation and of structural similarities between the capsid proteins of geminiviruses and the Satellite tobacco necrosis virus, it has been recently proposed that geminiviruses evolved from phytoplasmal EcDNAs by acquiring a capsid protein coding gene from a co-invading plant RNA virus.

Results

Here we show that this hypothesis has to be rejected because (i) the EcDNA encoded Rep is not of phytoplasmal origin but has been acquired by phytoplasmas through horizontal transfer from a geminivirus or its ancestor; and (ii) the evolution of geminivirus capsid protein in land plants implies missing links, while the analysis of metagenomic data suggests an alternative scenario implying a more ancient evolution in marine environments.

Conclusion

The hypothesis of geminiviruses evolving in plants from DNA molecules of phytoplasma origin contrasts with other findings. An alternative scenario concerning the origin and spread of Rep coding phytoplasmal EcDNA is presented and its implications on the epidemiology of phytoplasmas are discussed.