bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genomic insights into the taxonomic status of the Bacillus cereus group
Authors: Liu Yang , Lai Qiliang , Göker Markus , Meier-Kolthoff Jan P. , Wang Meng , Sun Yamin , Wang Lei , Shao Zongze
Published: September 2015

The identification and phylogenetic relationships of bacteria within the Bacillus cereus group are controversial. This study aimed at determining the taxonomic affiliations of these strains using the whole-genome sequence-based Genome BLAST Distance Phylogeny (GBDP) approach. The GBDP analysis clearly separated 224 strains into 30 clusters, representing eleven known, partially merged species and accordingly 19–20 putative novel species. Additionally, 16S rRNA gene analysis, a novel variant of multi-locus sequence analysis (nMLSA) and screening of virulence genes were performed. The 16S rRNA gene sequence was not sufficient to differentiate the bacteria within this group due to its high conservation. The nMLSA results were consistent with GBDP. Moreover, a fast typing method was proposed using the pycA gene and where necessary, the ccpA gene. The pXO plasmids and cry genes were widely distributed, suggesting little correlation with the phylogenetic positions of the host bacteria. This might explain why classifications based on virulence characteristics proved unsatisfactory in the past. In summary, this is the first large-scale and systematic study of the taxonomic status of the bacteria within the B. cereus group using whole-genome sequences and is likely to contribute to further insights into their pathogenicity, phylogeny and adaptation to diverse environments.
Recovery trajectories of kelp forest animals are rapid yet spatially variable across a network of temperate marine protected areas
Authors: Caselle Jennifer E. , Rassweiler Andrew , Hamilton Scott L. , Warner Robert R.
Published: September 2015

Oceans currently face a variety of threats, requiring ecosystem-based approaches to management such as networks of marine protected areas (MPAs). We evaluated changes in fish biomass on temperate rocky reefs over the decade following implementation of a network of MPAs in the northern Channel Islands, California. We found that the biomass of targeted (i.e. fished) species has increased consistently inside all MPAs in the network, with an effect of geography on the strength of the response. More interesting, biomass of targeted fish species also increased outside MPAs, although only 27% as rapidly as in the protected areas, indicating that redistribution of fishing effort has not severely affected unprotected populations. Whether the increase outside of MPAs is due to changes in fishing pressure, fisheries management actions, adult spillover, favorable environmental conditions, or a combination of all four remains unknown. We evaluated methods of controlling for biogeographic or environmental variation across networks of protected areas and found similar performance of models incorporating empirical sea surface temperature versus a simple geographic blocking term based on assemblage structure. The patterns observed are promising indicators of the success of this network, but more work is needed to understand how ecological and physical contexts affect MPA performance.
Donkey genome and insight into the imprinting of fast karyotype evolution
Authors: Huang Jinlong , Zhao Yiping , Bai Dongyi , Shiraigol Wunierfu , Li Bei , Yang Lihua , Wu Jing , Bao Wuyundalai , Ren Xiujuan , Jin Burenqiqige , Zhao Qinan , Li Anaer , Bao Sarula , Bao Wuyingga , Xing Zhencun , An Aoruga , Gao Yahan , Wei Ruiyuan , Bao Yirugeletu , Bao Taoketao , Han Haige , Bai Haitang , Bao Yanqing , Zhang Yuhong , Daidiikhuu Dorjsuren , Zhao Wenjing , Liu Shuyun , Ding Jinmei , Ye Weixing , Ding Fangmei , Sun Zikui , Shi Yixiang , Zhang Yan , Meng He , Dugarjaviin Manglai
Published: September 2015

The donkey, like the horse, is a promising model for exploring karyotypic instability. We report the de novo whole-genome assemblies of the donkey and the Asiatic wild ass. Our results reflect the distinct characteristics of donkeys, including more effective energy metabolism and better immunity than horses. The donkey shows a steady demographic trajectory. We detected abundant satellite sequences in some inactive centromere regions but not in neocentromere regions, while ribosomal RNAs frequently emerged in neocentromere regions but not in the obsolete centromere regions. Expanded miRNA families and five newly discovered miRNA target genes involved in meiosis may be associated with fast karyotype evolution. APC/C, controlling sister chromatid segregation, cytokinesis and the establishment of the G1 cell cycle phase were identified by analysis of miRNA targets and rapidly evolving genes.
Signatures of new d-wave vortex physics in overdoped Tl2Ba2CuO6+x revealed by TF-µ+SR
Authors: Brewer Jess H. , Stubbs Scott L. , Liang Ruixing , Bonn D. A. , Hardy W. N. , Sonier J. E. , MacFarlane W. Andrew , Peets Darren C.
Published: September 2015

The spontaneous expulsion of applied magnetic field, the Meissner effect, is a defining feature of superconductors; in Type-II superconductors above the lower critical field, this screening takes the form of a lattice of magnetic flux vortices. Using implanted spin-1/2 positive muons, one can measure the vortex lattice field distribution through the spin precession and deduce key parameters of the superconducting ground state and thereby fundamental properties of the superconducting pairing. Muon spin rotation/relaxation (µSR) experiments have indeed revealed much interesting physics in the underdoped cuprates, where superconductivity is closely related to, or coexistent with, disordered or fluctuating magnetic and charge excitations. Such complications should be absent in overdoped cuprates, which are believed to exhibit conventional Fermi liquid behaviour. These first transverse field (TF)-µ+SR experiments on heavily-overdoped single crystals reveal a superfluid density exhibiting a clear inflection point near 0.5Tc , with a striking doping-independent scaling. This reflects hitherto unrecognized physics intrinsic to d-wave vortices, evidently generic to the cuprates and may offer fundamentally new insights into their still-mysterious superconductivity.
Signatures of selection in tilapia revealed by whole genome resequencing
Authors: Hong Xia Jun , Bai Zhiyi , Meng Zining , Zhang Yong , Wang Le , Liu Feng , Jing Wu , Yi Wan Zi , Li Jiale , Lin Haoran , Hua Yue Gen
Published: September 2015

Natural selection and selective breeding for genetic improvement have left detectable signatures within the genome of a species. Identification of selection signatures is important in evolutionary biology and for detecting genes that facilitate to accelerate genetic improvement. However, selection signatures, including artificial selection and natural selection, have only been identified at the whole genome level in several genetically improved fish species. Tilapia is one of the most important genetically improved fish species in the world. Using next-generation sequencing, we sequenced the genomes of 47 tilapia individuals. We identified a total of 1.43 million high-quality SNPs and found that the LD block sizes ranged from 10–100 kb in tilapia. We detected over a hundred putative selective sweep regions in each line of tilapia. Most selection signatures were located in non-coding regions of the tilapia genome. The Wnt signaling, gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor and integrin signaling pathways were under positive selection in all improved tilapia lines. Our study provides a genome-wide map of genetic variation and selection footprints in tilapia, which could be important for genetic studies and accelerating genetic improvement of tilapia.
Polarization dependent photocurrent in the Bi2Te3 topological insulator film for multifunctional photodetection
Authors: Yao J. D. , Shao J. M. , Li S. W. , Bao D. H. , Yang G. W.
Published: September 2015

Three dimensional Z2 Topological insulator (TI) is an unconventional phase of quantum matter possessing insulating bulk state as well as time-reversal symmetry-protected Dirac-like surface state, which is demonstrated by extensive experiments based on surface sensitive detection techniques. This intriguing gapless surface state is theoretically predicted to exhibit many exotic phenomena when interacting with light and some of them have been observed. Herein, we report the first experimental observation of novel polarization dependent photocurrent of photodetectors based on the TI Bi2Te3 film under irradiation of linearly polarized light. This photocurrent is linearly dependent on both the light intensity and the applied bias voltage. To pursue the physical origin of the polarization dependent photocurrent, we establish the basic TI surface state model to treat the light irradiation as a perturbation and we adopt the Boltzmann equation to calculate the photocurrent. It turns out that the theoretical results are in nice qualitative agreement with the experiment. These findings show that the polycrystalline TI Bi2Te3 film working as a multifunctional photodetector can not only detect the light intensity, but also measure the polarization state of the incident light, which is remarkably different from conventional photodetectors that usually only detect the light intensity.
Luteinizing hormone induces ovulation via tumor necrosis factor α-dependent increases in prostaglandin F2α in a nonmammalian vertebrate
Authors: Crespo Diego , Goetz Frederick W. , Planas Josep V.
Published: September 2015

Ovulation is induced by the preovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) that acts on the ovary and triggers the rupture of the preovulatory ovarian follicle by stimulating proteolysis and apoptosis in the follicle wall, causing the release of the mature oocyte. The pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and prostaglandin (PG) F2α (PGF2α) are involved in the control of ovulation but their role mediating the pro-ovulatory actions of LH is not well established. Here we show that Lh induces PGF2α synthesis through its stimulation of Tnfα production in trout, a primitive teleost fish. Recombinant trout Tnfα (rTnfα) and PGF2α recapitulate the stimulatory in vitro effects of salmon Lh (sLh) on contraction, proteolysis and loss of cell viability in the preovulatory follicle wall and, finally, ovulation. Furthermore, all pro-ovulatory actions of sLh are blocked by inhibition of Tnfα secretion or PG synthesis and all actions of rTnfα are blocked by PG synthesis inhibitors. Therefore, we provide evidence that the Tnfα–dependent increase in PGF2α production is necessary for the pro-ovulatory actions of Lh. The results from this study shed light onto the mechanisms underlying the pro-ovulatory actions of LH in vertebrates and may prove important in clinical assessments of female infertility.
Simultaneous determination of 10 plant growth promoters in fruits and vegetables with a modified QuEChERS based liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method
Authors: Shuiying Ren , Yun Gao , Shun Feng , Yi Lu
Published: September 2015

In this study, the QuEChERS methodology coupled with MS triple quadrupole was used to determine 10 plant growth promoters (PGPs) popularly used in fruits and vegetables. It offers a fast and safe alternative to typical multi-PGP analysis methods for real samples.
Electrochemical detection of DNA by using “Pd/GO label copper stain” for signal amplification
Authors: Wang Zhifei , Yang Jingjing , Jiang Yanyun , Zhang Yuanyin , Zhang Liming , Wu Fu-Gen , He Nongyue
Published: September 2015

A new strategy for signal amplification by labeling DNA with Pd/GO nanoparticles, which further act as catalysts to reduce copper ions to metallic copper to enhance the signal, is presented.
Blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials based on bis(phenylsulfonyl)benzene derivatives
Authors: Liu Ming , Seino Yuki , Chen Dongcheng , Inomata Susumu , Su Shi-Jian , Sasabe Hisahiro , Kido Junji
Published: September 2015

Two bis(phenylsulfonyl)benzene-based compounds were developed as thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters for efficient blue electroluminescence.
RNA responsive and catalytic self-assembly of DNA nanostructures for highly sensitive fluorescence detection of microRNA from cancer cells
Authors: Zhou Wenjiao , Li Daxiu , Chai Yaqin , Yuan Ruo , Xiang Yun
Published: September 2015

MicroRNA triggered catalytic self-assembly of DNA nanostructures enables highly sensitive fluorescence detection of microRNA from human breast cancer cells.
Atom-economical synthesis of γ-valerolactone with self-supplied hydrogen from methanol
Authors: Li Zheng , Tang Xing , Jiang Yetao , Wang Yanjun , Zuo Miao , Chen Wei , Zeng Xianhai , Sun Yong , Lin Lu
Published: September 2015

An atom-economical Cu–Cr catalyzed synthesis of gamma-valerolactone (GVL) from biomass derived methyl levulinate (ML) is reported. Methanol is occupied as H2 source with an initial amount of only 29 mol% of substrate and, can be in situ supplied along with the generation of GVL.
Construction of an enterobactin analogue with symmetrically arranged monomer subunits of ferritin
Authors: Nakajima Hiroshi , Kondo Mio , Nakane Taiki , Abe Satoshi , Nakao Takahiro , Watanabe Yoshihito , Ueno Takafumi
Published: September 2015

The symmetric arrangement of ferritin subunits served as a versatile foundation to produce a symmetric coordination space with designed ligands.
The effect of oleic acid on the synthesis of Fe3−xO4 nanoparticles over a wide size range
Authors: Moya Carlos , Batlle Xavier , Labarta Amílcar
Published: September 2015

This work reports on the effect of the oleic acid concentration on the magnetic and structural properties of Fe3−xO4 nanoparticles synthesized by thermal decomposition of Fe(acac)3 in benzyl-ether.
Association of small aromatic molecules with PAMAM dendrimers
Authors: DeFever Ryan S. , Sarupria Sapna
Published: September 2015

Dendrimer pockets enable association by reducing naphthalene hydration even near the dendrimer periphery.
Mechanical control of magnetism in oxygen deficient perovskite SrTiO3
Authors: Zhang Yajun , Wang Jie , Sahoo MPK , Shimada Takahiro , Kitamura Takayuki
Published: September 2015

Magnetism changes with pressure for deficient SrTiO3. A negative pressure enhances the magnetic moment while a positive pressure eliminates it.
A method to calculate redox potentials relative to the normal hydrogen electrode in nonaqueous solution by using density functional theory-based molecular dynamics
Authors: Jono Ryota , Tateyama Yoshitaka , Yamashita Koichi
Published: September 2015

We demonstrate the redox potential calculations relative to the normal hydrogen electrode (NHE) in non-aqueous solution by density functional theory based molecular dynamics (DFT-MD) simulation.
Hydrothermal conversion of macroalgae-derived alginate to lactic acid catalyzed by metal oxides
Authors: Jeon Wonjin , Ban Chunghyeon , Park Geonu , Woo Hee Chul , Kim Do Heui
Published: September 2015

Macroalgae-derived alginate was used as a renewable biomass feedstock for producing lactic acid in a hydrothermal reaction catalyzed by metal oxides.
Ni3Se2film as a non-precious metal bifunctional electrocatalyst for efficient water splitting
Authors: Shi Jinle , Hu Jianming , Luo Yonglan , Sun Xuping , Asiri Abdullah M.
Published: September 2015

In this communication, we report on the first use of Ni3Se2film electrochemically deposited on Cu foam (Ni3Se2/CF) as a bifunctional catalyst for both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with good durability at alkaline media.
Active and regioselective rhodium catalyst supported on reduced graphene oxide for 1-hexene hydroformylation
Authors: Tan Minghui , Yang Guohui , Wang Tiejun , Vitidsant Tharapong , Li Jie , Wei Qinhong , Ai Peipei , Wu Mingbo , Zheng Jingtang , Tsubaki Noritatsu
Published: September 2015

An active and regioselective rhodium catalyst supported on reduced graphene oxide for 1-hexene hydroformylation was prepared by a one-pot liquid-phase reduction method.
Concise access to iminophosphonamide stabilized heteroleptic germylenes: chemical reactivity and structural investigation
Authors: Prashanth Billa , Singh Sanjay
Published: September 2015

A heteroleptic three coordinate germylene monochloride, its adduct with a Lewis acid, and germaacid-chloride & -ester derivatives with sulfur and selenium have been reported.
Synthesis of tin oxide nanospheres under ambient conditions and their strong adsorption of As(iii) from water
Authors: Zhang Ge , Sun Wuzhu , Liu Lingmei , Yang Weiyi , Xu Zhengchao , Li Qi , Shang Jian Ku
Published: September 2015

SnO2 nanospheres demonstrated effective As(iii) adsorption even with exceptionally high concentrations of co-existing ions, and a good regeneration capability.
Atomic spectrometry update. Review of advances in the analysis of metals, chemicals and functional materials
Authors: Carter Simon , Fisher Andy , Garcia Raquel , Gibson Bridget , Lancaster Steve , Marshall John , Whiteside Ian
Published: September 2015

This review covers advances in the analysis of advanced materials, metals, fuels and lubricants, nano structures, ceramics, refractories, organic and inorganic chemicals, catalysts and nuclear materials by a range of techniques including X-ray, ICP, LIBS, mass spectrometry, synchrotron-based techniques, plus non-destructive and ablation surface techniques.
Strain-tuned optoelectronic properties of hollow gallium sulphide microspheres
Authors: Zhang Yin , Chen Chen , Liang C. Y. , Liu Z. W. , Li Y. S. , Che Renchao
Published: September 2015

The strain distribution of gallium sulphide microspheres were studied by TEM–GPA method.
Correction: New fluorinated fructose analogs as selective probes of the hexose transporter protein GLUT5
Authors: Soueidan Olivier-Mohamad , Trayner Brendan J. , Grant Tina N. , Henderson Jeff R. , Wuest Frank , West F. G. , Cheeseman Chris I.
Published: September 2015

Correction for ‘New fluorinated fructose analogs as selective probes of the hexose transporter protein GLUT5’ by Olivier-Mohamad Soueidan, et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2015, 13, 6511–6521.
Simple green synthesis of solid polymeric bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) and its flame retardancy in epoxy resins
Authors: Zhao Wei , Liu Jiping , Zhang Yi , Ban Daming
Published: September 2015

A simple and green method for the preparation of solid polymeric bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (PBDP), aimed at improving the flame retardancy of epoxy resins (EP) is presented.
In vitro and in vivo study of a colon-targeting pH-sensitive hydrocortisone sodium succinate hydrogel
Authors: Wang Ke , Dong Kai , Yan Yan , Xu Wei , Zhang Lu , Zhao Guilan , Xing Jianfeng
Published: September 2015

The aim of this study was to prepare and characterize a novel pH-sensitive hydrocortisone sodium succinate loaded hydrogel (HSS-GEL) for specifically delivering HSS to the colon, and evaluate its targeting properties.
Metabolic responses to water deprivation in C57BL/6J mice using a proton nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabonomics approach
Authors: Cui Fengxia , Liu Huaqing , Zou Zhongmei , Li Hao
Published: September 2015

1H NMR-based metabonomics approach is effective for elucidating underlying mechanisms response or adaption to water deprivation in mammals. Metabolic relevance of differential compounds in response of C57BL/6J mice to water deprivation was discussed.
Perfluorinated gelators for solidifying fluorous solvents: effects of chain length and molecular chirality
Authors: Yajima Tomoko , Tabuchi Erika , Nogami Emiko , Yamagishi Akihiko , Sato Hisako
Published: September 2015

With a purpose of solidifying fluorous solvents, a novel series of perfluorinated gelators based on 1,2-diaminocyclohexane (denoted as CFn: n = the number of carbon chain in perfluoroalkanoyl moiety) were developed.
A green route for preparation of low surface area SiO2 microspheres from wheat straw ash with activated carbon and NPK compound fertilizer as by-products
Authors: Cui Jinlong , Cui Liying , Cheng Fupeng , Liu Lingjuan , Sun Hongliang , Li Song , Wen Zhongsheng , Sun Juncai
Published: September 2015

Every components of the wheat straw ash and all the chemicals involved in this route have been effectively used.
One-step in situ synthesis of single aligned graphene–ZnO nanofiber for UV sensing
Authors: Sahatiya Parikshit , Badhulika Sushmee
Published: September 2015

Schematic of the microfabrication of gold electrodes, electrospinning with collector as pre patterned electrode, UV sensing with single aligned Gr–ZnO nanofiber device.
Zinc bromide in aqueous solutions of ionic liquid bromide salts: the interplay between complexation and electrochemistry
Authors: Easton Max E. , Turner Peter , Masters Anthony F. , Maschmeyer Thomas
Published: September 2015

Voltammetric studies of ZnBr2 (50 mM) in aqueous equimolar solutions of ionic liquid bromide salts (1-alkyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bromide, [CnMPyrr], and tetraalkylammonium bromide, [Nn,n,n,n]Br, 50 mM, where n = 2, 4 or 6) are reported.
Optimizing the prepared condition of TiO2 1D/3D network structure films to enhance the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Wang Baoyuan , Wan Jingshu , Liu Qingyun , Zhang Jun , Wang Hao
Published: September 2015

TiO2 films with 1D/3D network structures have been prepared via two-step hydrothermal method and applied in DSSCs, an high efficiency of 7.68% was achieved.
Highly stable foams generated in mixed systems of ethanediyl-1,2-bis(dodecyldimethylammonium bromide) and alcohols
Authors: Song Bing-Lei , Yu Xiao-Na , Zhao Jian-Xi , Sun Guo-Jing
Published: September 2015

Highly stable foams were generated using a gemini surfactant, ethanediyl-1,2-bis(dodecyldimethylammonium bromide) (12-2-12) together with hexanol (C6OH) or heptanol (C7OH), in aqueous solution. There exists the optimum addition for both alcohols.
Synthesis, physical properties and ion recognition of a novel larger heteroacene with eleven linearly-fused rings and two different types of heteroatom
Authors: Gu Pei-Yang , Gao Junkuo , Wang Chengyuan , Zhang Qichun
Published: September 2015

A novel larger stable heteroacene, 8N8O, has been synthesized and demonstrated to act as an efficient anion sensor for iodide over a wide range of other anions.
High rate sodium ion battery anodes from block copolymer templated mesoporous nickel–cobalt carbonates and oxides
Authors: Bhaway Sarang M. , Tangvijitsakul Pattarasai , Lee Jeongwoo , Soucek Mark D. , Vogt Bryan D.
Published: September 2015

A soft templating approach enables facile synthesis of ordered mesoporous nickel cobaltite. These materials act as efficient anodes for high rate sodium ion batteries.
InP and Sn:InP based quantum dot sensitized solar cells
Authors: Yang Suolong , Zhao Pengxiang , Zhao Xiaochong , Qu Liangti , Lai Xinchun
Published: September 2015

InP and Sn doped InP (Sn:InP) based quantum dot sensitized solar cells with a moderate efficiency were successfully fabricated.
β-Iminoenolate boron complex with terminal triphenylamine exhibiting polymorphism and mechanofluorochromism
Authors: Zhang Zhenqi , Wu Zhu , Sun Jingbo , Yao Boqi , Xue Pengchong , Lu Ran
Published: September 2015

Two types of crystals are gained from the β-iminoenolate boron complex, and the molecular packing mode can be memorized during mechanofluorochromic processes.
Oestrogen receptors interact with the α-catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase
Authors: Lipovka Yulia , Chen Hao , Vagner Josef , Price Theodore J. , Tsao Tsu-Shuen , Konhilas John P.
Published: September 2015

Normal and pathological stressors engage the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling axis to protect the cell from energetic pressures. Sex steroid hormones also play a critical role in energy metabolism and significantly modify pathological progression of cardiac disease, diabetes/obesity and cancer. AMPK is targeted by 17β-oestradiol (E2), the main circulating oestrogen, but the mechanism by which E2 activates AMPK is currently unknown. Using an oestrogen receptor α/β (ERα/β) positive (T47D) breast cancer cell line, we validated E2-dependent activation of AMPK that was mediated through ERα (not ERβ) by using three experimental strategies. A series of co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed that both ERs associated with AMPK in cancer and striated (skeletal and cardiac) muscle cells. We further demonstrated direct binding of ERs to the α-catalytic subunit of AMPK within the βγ-subunit-binding domain. Finally, both ERs interacted with the upstream liver kinase B 1 (LKB1) kinase complex, which is required for E2-dependent activation of AMPK. We conclude that E2 activates AMPK through ERα by direct interaction with the βγ-binding domain of AMPKα.
Subcellular trafficking of guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A with concurrent generation of intracellular cGMP
Authors: Mani Indra , Garg Renu , Tripathi Satyabha , Pandey Kailash N.
Published: September 2015

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) activates guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A (GC-A/NPRA), which lowers blood pressure and blood volume. The objective of the present study was to visualize internalization and trafficking of enhanced GFP (eGFP)-tagged NPRA (eGFP–NPRA) in human embryonic kidney-293 (HEK-293) cells, using immunofluorescence (IF) and co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) of eGFP–NPRA. Treatment of cells with ANP initiated rapid internalization and co-localization of the receptor with early endosome antigen-1 (EEA-1), which was highest at 5 min and gradually decreased within 30 min. Similarly, co-localization of the receptor was observed with lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP-1); however, after treatment with lysosomotropic agents, intracellular accumulation of the receptor gradually increased within 30 min. Co-IP assays confirmed that the localization of internalized receptors occurred with subcellular organelles during the endocytosis of NPRA. Rab 11, which was used as a recycling endosome (Re) marker, indicated that ∼20% of receptors recycled back to the plasma membrane. ANP-treated cells showed a marked increase in the IF of cGMP, whereas receptor was still trafficking into the intracellular compartments. Thus, after ligand binding, NPRA is rapidly internalized and trafficked from the cell surface into endosomes, Res and lysosomes, with concurrent generation of intracellular cGMP.
System flexibility provision using short term grid scale storage
Authors: Devlin Joseph , Li Kang , Higgins Paraic , Foley Aoife
Published: September 2015

This study presents a novel analysis of the utilisation of grid scale energy storage to mitigate negative system operational impacts due to high penetrations of wind power. This was investigated by artificially lowering the minimum stable generation level of a gas thermal generating unit coupled to a storage device over a five hour storage charging window using a unit commitment and economic dispatch model. The key findings of the analysis were a 0.18% reduction in wind curtailment, a 2.35 MW/min reduction in the ramping rate required to be met by all generators in the test system during a representative period and a total generation cost reduction of €6.5 million.
Features for micro‐Doppler based activity classification
Authors: Björklund Svante , Petersson Henrik , Hendeby Gustaf
Published: September 2015

Safety and security applications benefit from better situational awareness. Radar micro‐Doppler signatures from an observed target carry information about the target's activity, and have potential to improve situational awareness. This article describes, compares, and discusses two methods to classify human activity based on radar micro‐Doppler data. The first method extracts physically interpretable features from the time‐velocity domain such as the main cycle time and properties of the envelope of the micro‐Doppler spectra and use these in the classification. The second method derives its features based on the components with the most energy in the cadence‐velocity domain (obtained as the Fourier transform of the time‐velocity domain). Measurements from a field trial show that the two methods have similar activity classification performance. It is suggested that target base velocity and main limb cadence frequency are indirect features of both methods, and that they do often alone suffice to discriminate between the studied activities. This is corroborated by experiments with a reduced feature set. This opens up for designing new more compact feature sets. Moreover, weaknesses of the methods and the impact of non‐radial motion are discussed.
Modelling and simulation of synchro and synchro‐to‐digital converter for electrical motor drives
Authors: Chenumalla Deepak , Kishore Garimella Venkat , Gangavarapu Amarendra
Published: September 2015

In this study, modelling and simulation of synchro and synchro‐to‐digital converter (SDC) are presented. This study is useful to estimate the shaft position and speed of induction motor using SDC through a synchro. The SDC uses scott‐T circuit to convert three signals of synchro into two signals format. The position information of synchro shaft is present in peak amplitudes of scott‐T outputs. A demodulator circuit is designed to extract the peak amplitude levels. The quadrant in which the shaft angle falls is determined by quadrant detector. On the basis of the peak amplitude levels and quadrant information, the synchro shaft angle is computed. This method provides shaft position and speed in digital form. The reuse of quadrant detector in the evaluation of shaft speed shows the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Microwave frequency measurement method using microwave phase detection
Authors: Zhang Xiaomin , Cheng Ping , Ci Yanke , Tian Si
Published: September 2015

In modern warfare, communication carrier frequency of opponent's communication radar should be frequently measured, so as to make demodulation and obtain its binary communication information for declassification. To make demodulation on opponent's communication signal, certain method must be adopted to estimate the frequency of such communication microwave signal. Therefore, the measurement of the frequency of unknown microwave signal is an important application in military warfare. In this study, a new microwave frequency measurement method is proposed based on the detection of unknown microwave signal's phase shift. Theoretical analysis has been made. The formula of theoretical derivation can prove the feasibility of the project. Relevant experimental verification has been conducted. The final experiment in this study also proves the practicality and feasibility of the method.
The role of transitional phase formation during ignition of reactive multilayers
Authors: Pauly C. , Woll K. , Bax B. , Mücklich F.
Published: September 2015

The ignition processes of sputter-deposited reactive Ru/Al multilayers were studied, measuring temperatures and calculating activation energy of ignition for bilayer thicknesses between 22 nm and 222 nm. Microstructural investigations of a partially reacted sample show that the grain boundary-dominated formation of a transitional Al6Ru phase plays an important role during ignition by triggering a more exothermic formation of the final product phase. A model of hot-plate ignition is proposed, based and tested on a designed three-component Ru/Al/Cu multilayer showing a strongly reduced ignition temperature versus its binary counterpart. The results demonstrate the role of transitional phase formation during ignition and provide a further means to modify ignition temperatures of reactive systems.
Helicon waves in uniform plasmas. II. High m numbers
Authors: Stenzel R. L. , Urrutia J. M.
Published: September 2015

Helicons are whistler modes with azimuthal wave numbers. They have been studied in solids and plasmas where boundaries play a role. The present work shows that very similar modes exist in unbounded gaseous plasmas. Instead of boundaries, the antenna properties determine the topology of the wave packets. The simplest antenna is a magnetic loop which excites m = 0 or m = 1 helicons depending on whether the dipole moment is aligned parallel or perpendicular to the ambient background magnetic field B0. While these low order helicons have been described by J. M. Urrutia and R. L. Stenzel [“Helicon modes in uniform plasmas. I. Low m modes,” Phys. Plasmas 22, 092111 (2015)], the present work focuses on high order modes up to m = 8. These are excited by antenna arrays forming magnetic multipoles. Their wave magnetic field has been measured in space and time in a large and uniform laboratory plasma free of boundary effects. The observed wave topology exhibits m pairs of unique field line spirals which may have inspired the name “helicon” to this mode. All field lines converge into these nested spirals which propagate like corkscrews along B0. The field lines near the axis of helicons are perpendicular to B0 and circularly polarized as in parallel whistlers. Helical antennas couple to these transverse fields but not to the spiral fields of helicons. Using a circular antenna array of phased m = 0 loops, right or left rotating or non-rotating multipole antenna fields are generated. They excite m < 0 and m > 0 modes, showing that the plasma supports both modes equally well. The poor excitation of m < 0 modes is a characteristic of loops with dipole moment across B0. The radiation efficiency of multipole antennas has been found to decrease with m.
Translation of waves along quantum vortex filaments in the low-temperature two-dimensional local induction approximation
Authors: Van Gorder Robert A.
Published: September 2015

In a recent paper, we give a study of the purely rotational motion of general stationary states in the two-dimensional local induction approximation (2D-LIA) governing superfluid turbulence in the low-temperature limit [B. Svistunov, “Superfluid turbulence in the low-temperature limit,” Phys. Rev. B 52, 3647 (1995)]. Such results demonstrated that variety of stationary configurations are possible from vortex filaments exhibiting purely rotational motion in addition to commonly discussed configurations such as helical or planar states. However, the filaments (or, more properly, waves along these filaments) can also exhibit translational motion along the axis of orientation. In contrast to the study on vortex configurations for purely rotational stationary states, the present paper considers non-stationary states which exhibit a combination of rotation and translational motions. These solutions can essentially be described as waves or disturbances which ride along straight vortex filament lines. As expected from our previous work, there are a number of types of structures that can be obtained under the 2D-LIA. We focus on non-stationary states, as stationary states exhibiting translation will essentially take the form of solutions studied in [R. A. Van Gorder, “General rotating quantum vortex filaments in the low-temperature Svistunov model of the local induction approximation,” Phys. Fluids 26, 065105 (2014)], with the difference being translation along the reference axis, so that qualitative appearance of the solution geometry will be the same (even if there are quantitative differences). We discuss a wide variety of general properties of these non-stationary solutions and derive cases in which they reduce to known stationary states. We obtain various routes to Kelvin waves along vortex filaments and demonstrate that if the phase and amplitude of a disturbance both propagate with the same wave speed, then Kelvin waves will result. We also consider the self-similar solutions to the model and demonstrate that these types of solutions can model vortex kinks that gradually smooth and radiate Kelvin waves as time increases. Such solutions qualitatively agree with what one might expect from post-reconnection events.
Large magnetoresistance in current-perpendicular-to-plane pseudo spin-valves using Co2Fe(Ga0.5Ge0.5) Heusler alloy and AgZn spacer
Authors: Du Ye , Furubayashi T. , Sasaki T. T. , Sakuraba Y. , Takahashi Y. K. , Hono K.
Published: September 2015

Fully epitaxial pseudo spin-valves (PSVs) using 10-nm-thick Co2Fe(Ga0.5Ge0.5) (CFGG) ferromagnetic layers and a 5-nm-thick AgZn space layer annealed at 630 °C show a large current-perpendicular-to-plane giant magnetoresistance (CPP-GMR) output with resistance-change area product, ΔRA, of 21.5 mΩ μm2 and MR ratio of 59.6% at room temperature. These values are substantially enhanced to ΔRA of 59.8 mΩ μm2 and MR ratio of 200.0% at 10 K. The large MR is attributed to the high spin polarization of the CFGG electrodes with the enhanced L21 ordering induced by the atomic diffusion of Zn through the CFGG layers. The CPP-PSV shows relatively large ΔRA of 10.9 mΩ μm2 with the MR ratio of 25.6% for the low annealing temperature of 350 °C, which is a practically useful feature for read sensor applications.
Propagation of localized structures in relativistic magnetized electron-positron plasmas using particle-in-cell simulations
Authors: López Rodrigo A. , Muñoz Víctor , Viñas Adolfo F. , Valdivia Juan A.
Published: September 2015

We use a particle-in-cell simulation to study the propagation of localized structures in a magnetized electron-positron plasma with relativistic finite temperature. We use as initial condition for the simulation an envelope soliton solution of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, derived from the relativistic two fluid equations in the strongly magnetized limit. This envelope soliton turns out not to be a stable solution for the simulation and splits in two localized structures propagating in opposite directions. However, these two localized structures exhibit a soliton-like behavior, as they keep their profile after they collide with each other due to the periodic boundary conditions. We also observe the formation of localized structures in the evolution of a spatially uniform circularly polarized Alfvén wave. In both cases, the localized structures propagate with an amplitude independent velocity.
Characterization on the phase separation behavior of styrene-butadiene rubber/polyisoprene/organoclay ternary blends under oscillatory shear
Authors: Liu Xianggui , Dong Xia , Liu Wei , Xing Qian , Zou Fasheng , Han Charles C. , Wang Dujin , Liang Aimin , Li Chuanqing , Xie Ximing
Published: September 2015

The present work investigated the influence of organoclay (organo-montmorillonite, OMMT) on the phase separation behavior and morphology evolution of solution polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR)/low vinyl content polyisoprene (LPI) blends with rheological methodology. It was found that the incorporation of OMMT not only reduced the droplet size of the dispersion phase, slowed down the phase separation kinetics, also enlarged the processing miscibility window of the blends. The determination on the wetting parameters indicated that due to the oscillatory shear effect, the OMMT sheets might localize at the interface between the two phases and act as compatibilizer or rigid barrier to prevent domain coarsening, resulting in slow phase separation kinetics, small droplet size, and stable morphology. The analysis of rheological data by the Palierne model provided further confirmation that the addition of OMMT can decrease the interfacial tension and restrict the relaxation of melt droplets. Therefore, a vivid “sea-fish-net” model was proposed to describe the effect of OMMT on the phase separation behavior of SSBR/LPI blends, in which the OMMT sheets acted as the barrier (net) to slow down the domain coarsening/coalescence in phase separation process of SSBR/LPI blends.
A simple extrapolation of thermodynamic perturbation theory to infinite order
Authors: Ghobadi Ahmadreza F. , Elliott J. Richard
Published: September 2015

Recent analyses of the third and fourth order perturbation contributions to the equations of state for square well spheres and Lennard-Jones chains show trends that persist across orders and molecular models. In particular, the ratio between orders (e.g., A3/A2, where Ai is the ith order perturbation contribution) exhibits a peak when plotted with respect to density. The trend resembles a Gaussian curve with the peak near the critical density. This observation can form the basis for a simple recursion and extrapolation from the highest available order to infinite order. The resulting extrapolation is analytic and therefore cannot fully characterize the critical region, but it remarkably improves accuracy, especially for the binodal curve. Whereas a second order theory is typically accurate for the binodal at temperatures within 90% of the critical temperature, the extrapolated result is accurate to within 99% of the critical temperature. In addition to square well spheres and Lennard-Jones chains, we demonstrate how the method can be applied semi-empirically to the Perturbed Chain - Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (PC-SAFT).
Controlled generation of switching dynamics among metastable states in pulse-coupled oscillator networks
Authors: Zou Hai-Lin , Katori Yuichi , Deng Zi-Chen , Aihara Kazuyuki , Lai Ying-Cheng
Published: September 2015

Switching dynamics among saddles in a network of nonlinear oscillators can be exploited for information encoding and processing (hence computing), but stable attractors in the system can terminate the switching behavior. An effective control strategy is presented to sustain switching dynamics in networks of pulse-coupled oscillators. The support for the switching behavior is a set of saddles, or unstable invariant sets in the phase space. We thus identify saddles with a common property, localize the system in the vicinity of them, and then guide the system from one metastable state to another to generate desired switching dynamics. We demonstrate that the control method successfully generates persistent switching trajectories and prevents the system from entering stable attractors. In addition, there exists correspondence between the network structure and the switching dynamics, providing fundamental insights on the development of a computing paradigm based on the switching dynamics.
Pentacene organic ferroelectric transistors with [P(VDF-TrFE)] gate by Langmuir-Blodgett process
Authors: Sun Yilin , Xie Dan , Xu Jianlong , Feng Tingting , Zang Yongyuan , Zhang Cheng , Dai Ruixuan , Meng Xiangjian , Ji Zhuoyu
Published: September 2015

We report the fabrication and electrical properties of pentacene-based ferroelectric organic field-effect transistors (FeOFETs) with ultrathin poly(vinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] gate insulators. A ultrathin and uniform P(VDF-TrFE) film was successfully deposited by Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition with well-defined ferroelectric microdomains at the interface between P(VDF-TrFE) films and pentacene active layers. The P(VDF-TrFE) films derived by LB deposition significantly enhance the crystallization of the upper pentacene channel films and thus the performance of our FeOFETs. Our FeOFET device achieves a threshold voltage shift of 8.56 V induced by ferroelectric polarization under different voltage sweeping directions and such enhancement indicates a great potential for future organic nonvolatile memory applications.
InAlN high electron mobility transistor Ti/Al/Ni/Au Ohmic contact optimisation assisted by in-situ high temperature transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Smith M. D. , O'Mahony D. , Conroy M. , Schmidt M. , Parbrook P. J.
Published: September 2015

This paper correlates the micro-structural and electrical characteristics associated with annealing of metallic multi-layers typically used in the formation of Ohmic contacts to InAlN high electron mobility transistors. The multi-layers comprised Ti/Al/Ni/Au and were annealed via rapid thermal processing at temperatures up to 925 °C with electrical current-voltage analysis establishing the onset of Ohmic (linear IV) behaviour at 750–800 °C. In-situ temperature dependent transmission electron microscopy established that metallic diffusion and inter-mixing were initiated near a temperature of 500 °C. Around 800 °C, inter-diffusion of the metal and semiconductor (nitride) was observed, correlating with the onset of Ohmic electrical behaviour. The sheet resistance associated with the InAlN/AlN/GaN interface is highly sensitive to the anneal temperature, with the range depending on the Ti layer thickness. The relationship between contact resistivity and measurement temperature follow that predicted by thermionic field emission for contacts annealed below 850 °C, but deviated above this due to excessive metal-semiconductor inter-diffusion.
Phase ordering of zig-zag and bow-shaped hard needles in two dimensions
Authors: Tavarone Raffaele , Charbonneau Patrick , Stark Holger
Published: September 2015

We perform extensive Monte Carlo simulations of a two-dimensional bent hard-needle model in both its chiral zig-zag and its achiral bow-shape configurations and present their phase diagrams. We find evidence for a variety of stable phases: isotropic, quasi-nematic, smectic-C, anti-ferromorphic smectic-A, and modulated-nematic. This last phase consists of layers formed by supramolecular arches. They create a modulation of the molecular polarity whose period is sensitively controlled by molecular geometry. We identify transition densities using correlation functions together with appropriately defined order parameters and compare them with predictions from Onsager theory. The contribution of the molecular excluded area to deviations from Onsager theory and simple liquid crystal phase morphology is discussed. We demonstrate the isotropic–quasi-nematic transition to be consistent with a Kosterlitz-Thouless disclination unbinding scenario.
Computation of entropy and Lyapunov exponent by a shift transform
Authors: Matsuoka Chihiro , Hiraide Koichi
Published: September 2015

We present a novel computational method to estimate the topological entropy and Lyapunov exponent of nonlinear maps using a shift transform. Unlike the computation of periodic orbits or the symbolic dynamical approach by the Markov partition, the method presented here does not require any special techniques in computational and mathematical fields to calculate these quantities. In spite of its simplicity, our method can accurately capture not only the chaotic region but also the non-chaotic region (window region) such that it is important physically but the (Lebesgue) measure zero and usually hard to calculate or observe. Furthermore, it is shown that the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy of the Sinai-Ruelle-Bowen measure (the physical measure) coincides with the topological entropy.
Ab initio two-component Ehrenfest dynamics
Authors: Ding Feizhi , Goings Joshua J. , Liu Hongbin , Lingerfelt David B. , Li Xiaosong
Published: September 2015

We present an ab initio two-component Ehrenfest-based mixed quantum/classical molecular dynamics method to describe the effect of nuclear motion on the electron spin dynamics (and vice versa) in molecular systems. The two-component time-dependent non-collinear density functional theory is used for the propagation of spin-polarized electrons while the nuclei are treated classically. We use a three-time-step algorithm for the numerical integration of the coupled equations of motion, namely, the velocity Verlet for nuclear motion, the nuclear-position-dependent midpoint Fock update, and the modified midpoint and unitary transformation method for electronic propagation. As a test case, the method is applied to the dissociation of H2 and O2. In contrast to conventional Ehrenfest dynamics, this two-component approach provides a first principles description of the dynamics of non-collinear (e.g., spin-frustrated) magnetic materials, as well as the proper description of spin-state crossover, spin-rotation, and spin-flip dynamics by relaxing the constraint on spin configuration. This method also holds potential for applications to spin transport in molecular or even nanoscale magnetic devices.