bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological control of itch cholinergic constituent in atopic dermatitis patients
Authors: Grebenchenko E I , Gushchin I S , Fedenko E S , Grebenchenko E G , Gushin I S , Fedenko E S
Published: July 2021

The aim of the study. To study pharmacological efficacy of antihistamines with both M-holino- and H-histaminoreceptors activity and with electoral effect on H1- histaminoreceptors on acetylholine - induced itch in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. Materials and methods. 60 AD patients were investigated. All patients were divided on 2 groups. The 1-st group took chloropiramine hydrochloride 25 mg three times daily for 7 days. The 2-d group took cetirizine hydrochloride 10 mg once daily for 7 days. Microcirculation in two symmetric sites of the intact skin area of forearms was estimated with laser doppler flowmetry in standard conditions. Then 20 µIΛ of 0,5 M acetylholine (ACH) solution was injected intracutaneously into a back surface of the left forearm (for control the same volume of 0,9% NaCl solution was injected into a symmetric point of the right forearm) and during 20 minutes the skin reaction was measured with microcirculation index (1sm proximately ACH injection) and local sensation was estimated by means of visual analog scale before treatment, on 7th day of antihistamines treatment and 3d day after treatment. Also index SCORAD, intensity of itch, facts of diary self-control was estimated before treatment, on 7th day of antihistamines treatment and 3d day after treatment. Results. AD patients felt an itch in the ACH injection site before the beginning of antihistamines administration. All patients from the lgroup and patients with mild and moderate dermatitis on the 3-rd day after antihistamines treatment felt ACH-induced tingling and burning. All patients from the 2 group and severe AD patients from the 1 group felt a weak itch in the ACH injection site at the 7-th day of administration and at the 3-rd day after antihistamines treatment completion. Intracutaneous ACH-injection increased cutaneous blood-flux, weal and flare reactions in mild and moderate AD; in severe AD there was no increasing of cutaneous blood-flux, weal and flare reactions, but a significant increased intensity and duration of itch. During chloropiramine and cetirizine treatment the recovery of normal reaction of skin was established. Chloropiramine demonstrated long-term reduction of itch at the 3-d day after the treatment completion as compared with cetirizine. Conclusions: Administration of lgeneration antihistamines with anthicholinergic activity in complex therapy of AD patients is more preferable to reduce itch.
ETIOLOGY OF CHRONIC URTICARIA
Authors: Golubchikova R N , Danilycheva I V , Golubchikova R N , Danilycheva I V
Published: July 2021

Chronic urticaria (CU) is persisting for 6 weeks or more. CU is triggered through allergens (food, medications, herbs, insect bites), non-allergic direct and indirect mast-cell releasers, other different or unknown mechanisms, some cases are infection-associated. It is known that one-third of patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria have histamine - releasing auto-antibodies directed against either the high-affinity IgE receptor or, less frequently against IgE. CU is a disease without clear etiology in the vast majority cases and this condition is termed as a chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU).
Allergen-specific immunotherapy with pollen allergoids in the treatment ofhay fever in children
Authors: Gayduk I M , Makarova I V , Trusova O V , Breykin D V , Sukhorukova V G , Arakelyan R N , Korostovtsev D S , Gaiduk I M , Makarova I V , Trusova O V , Breykin D V , Sukhorukova V G , Arakelyan R N , Korostovtsev D S
Published: July 2021

Background. The research of effective methods of allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) with good tolerability is important in children with allergic disorders.
The aim of the study was to investigate effectiveness and safety of ASIT with pollen allergoids for hay fever treatment in children.
Methods. 71 patients 5 to 17 years old with diseases caused by tree pollen sensitization: allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in 36 patients, rhinitis combined with pollen asthma in 17, combined with atopic dermatitis in 1, and pollen asthma in 17, were included in the study. 2 courses of subcutaneous ASIT out of flowering season were conducted in every child using commercially available pollen allergoids. ASIT effectiveness was assessed using 4-point scale where 4 points represents complete disease remission, and 1 point represents lack of effectiveness. Local and systemic side effects were registered as parameters of ASIT safety.
Results. Total dose of allergen was 13 768 PNU after the 1st course of ASIT, and 12 700 PNU after the 2nd course. Effectiveness of the 1st course of ASIT was 4,0 points out of 4,0 and of the 2nd course - 4,0 points. Local side effects (infiltration larger than 25 mm, itching and oedema in injection site) in 19,7% patients and systemic side effects (allergic rhinitis exacerbation, urticaria) in 11,3% patients were stopped after allergoid dose adjustment. Conclusion. ASIT with pollen allergoids is effective for hay fever treatment in children. Children with bronchi
al asthma are at higher risk for adverse events and need individual dose adjustment.
ACTRAPID AND PROTAPHANE ALLERGY: RECURRENT URTICARIA, ANGIOEDEMA. CLINICAL CASE
Authors: Prylutski A S , Prylutskaya O A , Polkovnik E S
Published: July 2021

The increasing number of the patients with diabetes who use insulin for treatment makes the study of side effects to the above mentioned medicines important and relevant. Due to the current use of human genetically engineered insulin analogues, complications caused by their use develop less often. We described the case of an allergic reaction to the аctrapid and рrotaphane in a patient with Type 1 Diabetes manifested in the form of chronic, recurrent urticaria and angioedema. Sensitization to the above mentioned insulin preparations was proved clinically and with specific immunoallergological methods. The replacement of insulin preparations caused a stable clinical effect.
ACTUAL CONCEPTION OF ALLERGEN-SPECIFIC IMMUNOTHERAPY MECHANISMS, POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS OF EFFICACY AND WAYS OF ENHANCEMENT
Authors: Pavlova K S , Kurbacheva O M , Galitskaya M A , Smirnov D S
Published: July 2021

The article analyzes international position papers on the allergen-specific immunotherapy mechanisms, discusses potential biomarkers for evaluation of ASIT efficacy, as well as the perspectives for ASIT enhancement.
THE PLACE OF ANTILEUKOTRIENE MEDICATIONS IN ANTIINFLAMMATORY THERAPY OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
Authors: Kurbacheva O M , Galitskaya M A
Published: July 2021

Phenotypes and endotypes of bronchial asthma are discussed; place of personalized approach to basic antiasthmatic therapy is established as well as leukotriene receptors antagonists usage in bronchial asthma therapy is described.
PERSISTENT SUBCLINICAL INFLAMMATION IN THE SKIN AS A RISK FACTOR FOR RELAPSE IN ATOPIC DERMATITIS: FROM PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TO TREATMENT
Authors: Kalyuzhin O V
Published: July 2021

Lowgrade cutaneous inflammation, which persists after induction of remission of atopic dermatitis (AD), determines the risk of repeated relapses and progression of the disease. It has been well established that subclinical inflammation in the skin of atopic patients may be inhibited by topical corticosteroids (TCS) and topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCI), and proactive courses of these drugs prolong remission of the disease. In terms of prolonged application, TCI have some advantages over TCS in the context of safety. However, the routine use of TCI in AD is constrained by many practitioners who do not accept the concept of subclinical chronic inflammation and the strategy of maintenance antiinflammatory therapy on areas prone to repeated relapses, as well as obsolete myths about the association of TCI application with increased risk of cutaneous lymphoma. The review presents modem data on the pathophysiology of AD with a focus on subclinical skin inflammation, which persists after regression of acute manifestations of the disease, and the possibilities of suppressing this inflammation with TCI. Data on the safety of TCI for longterm use and the absence of prooncogenic potential are given. In addition, the relevance and expediency of pimecrolimus use in children under 2 years of age are emphasized.
Influence of topical immunosuppressive therapy with tacrolimus on local immune response in skin of atopic dermatitis patients
Authors: Elisyutina O G , Fedenko E S , Boldyreva M N , Kadochnikova V V
Published: July 2021

Background. To study tacrolimus 0,1% ointment influence on the skin local immune parameters in patients with moderate and severe atopic dermatitis (AD). Materials and methods. The study included 30 patients with moderate (n=20) and severe (n=10) AD. All patients underwent a topical continuous course of treatment with tacrolimus 0,1% ointment twice a day for 14 days. The clinical efficacy of tacrolimus 0,1% ointment was evaluated by the change of the following parameters: SCORAD index, Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) before and after the treatment. All patients underwent a study of local immune response before and after the treatment with the assessment of the expression of IL4, IL5, IL7, IL8, IL10, IL17A, IL23, IL23, IFNγ TGFB1, FOXP3 genes in irritated and treated skin lesions obtained by biopsy. Results. Positive clinical effect - reduction of infiltration, papular rash, dryness, intensity of itch, reflected in the significant decreasing of SCORAD index and IGA was found. The significant decreasing of TGFß (p=0,043308) and IL8 (p=0,038867) gene expression level was revealed, TGFβ and IL8 are the markers of chronic inflammation in atopic dermatitis. The decrease of these parameters during the topical tacrolimus treatment demonstrates local immune response changes in the skin, accompanied by improvement of AD symptoms. Conclusion. The study showed clinical efficacy as well as immunosuppressive activity of tacrolimus 0,1% ointment in patients with moderate and severe AD represented in decreasing of proinflammatory cytokines gene expression TGFβ and IL8 in skin lesions.
Review of specialized food products for treatment and prevention of food allergies in young children
Authors: Revyakina V A , Abramova T V , Kon I Ya
Published: July 2021

The article provides an overview of specialized food products intended for young children suffering from food allergies.
The basic and applied medical research in the Russian Federation: differentiation, prioritization, funding channels
Authors: Rebrova O Yu
Published: July 2021

Currently, there is no consistent view for the differentiation of basic and applied medical research in the Russian medical research community. Priority areas of applied science (but not fundamental) can be determined by the state on the basis of scientific methods and mechanisms implemented through competitive funding. The state as a qualified customer of applied research can be an important component of the development of Russian medical science.
Transepithelial initiation of allergic response
Authors: Gushchin I S
Published: July 2021

The paper is focused on structure and functions of airway epithelial barrier and allergen-mediated innate immune response of the epithelium leading to facilitation of allergy development.
THE STUDY OF BALANCE OF Th1/Th2 IMMUNE RESPONSE DURING VIRUS-INDUCED ASTHMA EXACERBATION
Authors: Gaisina A R , Shilovskiy I P , Nikonova A A , Sundukova M S , Zaretskaia M A , Smirnov V V , Kamishnikov O Y , Ivanova A S , Khaitov M R
Published: July 2021

Bronchial asthma (BA) is the most common chronic disease of the airways affecting up to 18% of population in different regions of the world. Respiratory viruses such as rhinoviruses and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are the main causes of BA exacerbations. Current data demonstrate the major role of Th1- and Th2-response and corresponding cytokines in the development of infectious and allergic inflammation of the airways. At the same time, there are no data available concerning changes in Th1/Th2-balance during virus-induced asthma exacerbations. In the current study, we evaluated Th1/Th2-balance using developed mouse model of RSV-induced BA exacerbation. In was demonstrated, that RSV infection does not increase Th2-immune response but enhances Th1-response that shifts Th1/Th2-balance towards Th1.
Immune parameters in moderate seasonal allergic rhinitis
Authors: Sizyakina L P , Andreeva I I , Semenova N I
Published: July 2021

The results of the immune parameters changes of 29 moderate seasonal allergic rhinitis patients are presented in this study. The humoral and cellular parameters of innate and adaptive immune system were investigated during clinical manifestation and remission. The interpretation of the obtained data according to pathogenetic principle showed no difference between recognition phase, active phase or remission phase. The number of peripheral Treg cells was reduced only in the active phase, at the same time Il-4, CD3+CD8+Gr+, IgA, IgE - indicators of effector phase remained elevated during clinical remission.
Asthma induced by physical effort - the problem of a large sports and not only
Authors: Glushkova E F , Surovenko T N , Shartanova N V , Krasnova J N
Published: July 2021

For many decades it was thought that exercise can only have a positive impact on health. However, increasingly there are publications over the past few years that this view is mistaken. The article presents data on asthma physical effort, its impact on the condition of the respiratory tract, preventive and medical methods to combat it.
Agreed recommendations on the use of FDC budesonide/formoterol in a single inhaler (SMART) for the treatment of patients with bronchial asthma
Authors: - -
Published: July 2021

Conclusion paragraphs were discussed at the Advisory Board and adopted by majority of votes during voting. After Advisory Board the initiative group edited the draft opinion in accordance with the received comments and suggestions. The final draft of conclusion has been agreed by all experts of the Advisory Board.
Predictive model of development of atopic dermatitis in children
Authors: Levashcva S V , Etkina E I , Fazylova A A , Sakaeva G D , Babenkova L I , Orlova N A
Published: July 2021

Background. To identify the set of possible predictors of atopic dermatitis forming in children. Methods. There were 440 children aged from 0 to 18 years old (315 patients with atopic dermatitis, 125 - children of the monitoring group) under investigation. Mathematical models used logistic regression method were developed. Results. On the basis of the obtained data the logistic regression equation was selected, including 16 predictors, statistical significance of which was within 5% of the Wald statistics. Conclusion. Practical application of the devised formula will help to identify children with high risk to develop atopic dermatitis.
Oral allergy syndrome in children with pollen sensitization in Tomsk region
Authors: Fedotova M M , Fedorova O S , Ogorodova L M , Evdokimova T A
Published: July 2021

Background. Oral allergy syndrome (OAS) is defined as immediate IgE-mediated allergic reaction localized in the oral mucosa and developing after consuming raw fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes in pollen sensitized patients. Objective. To study the prevalence of OAS in children in the Tomsk region. Material. The cross-sectional study in random groups of primary schoolchildren aged 7-10 years (n=13 010) from the Tomsk region, Russia, was performed in frames of (EuroPrevall, № FP6-2006-TTC-TU-5 Proposal 045879). During the screening phase a survey with standardized questionnaire was carried out. Clinical stage (n=1288) included clinical interviewing with parents/guardians, the clinical examination of patients, skin prick testing with extracts of food and pollen allergens (ALK-Abello, Spain), measurement of specific IgE level in serum to food and pollen allergens, component resolved diagnostics (ImmunoCAP, Phadia, Sweden). Results. OAS registered in 13,71% of children with pollen sensitization. The main triggers were apples, carrots, peaches, peanuts. Main cause of OAS in the Tomsk region was cross-reactivity to Bet v 1 - homologues belonging to PR-10 family: to apple - Mal d 1 (r=0,92; p=0,01); to peach - Pru p1 (r=0,87; p=0,01); to peanut - Ara h 8 (r=0,74; p=0,01); to hazelnut - Cor a 1 (r=0,76; p=0,01); to carrot - Dau c 1 (r=0,54; p=0,01). Conclusion. OAS was observed in 13,71% of children with pollen sensitization and was developesed due to crossreactivity to the birch allergen Bet v 1.
CLINICAL EFFICACY OF SUBLINGUAL ALLERGEN IMMUNOTHERAPY WITH ANTIPOLLIN MIXED WEEDS IN ADULTS
Authors: Glushkova E F , Sidorovich O I
Published: July 2021

Background. To evaluate the effectiveness of one course of sublingual allergen-specific immunotherapy (sASIT) in adults with allergy to wormwood and goose-foot pollen. Materials and methods. 28 adults aged between 20 and 53 years old with various forms of respiratory allergy were included in the study. All of them received sASIT with Antipollin Mixed weeds. The effectiveness of treatment was assessed using a visual analogue scale of rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms and Asthma Control Questionnaire. Results. As a result of sASIT a 61,6% of rhinorrhea, a 61,6% of nasal congestion , a 71,43% of nasal itching, and 82% of eyes itching reduction was shown as well as asthma control was achieved in 83,3% of patients.
Clinical and laboratory features in young patients with bronchial asthma and obesity
Authors: Demko I V , Sobko E A , Soloveva I A , Kraposhina A Yu , Ishenko O P , Gordeeva N V , Egorov S A , Vturina S S
Published: July 2021

Background. To study the clinical and functional features in interrelationship between the level of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines in young patients with bronchial asthma and alimentary obesity for optimization of therapy. Methods. 133 persons were examined: 93 patients with bronchial asthma were divided into 2 groups depending on body weight index (BWI): the 1st group included patients with bronchial asthma with BWI less than 25 kg/m2, the 2nd group included patients with bronchial asthma with BWI 30 kg/m2 and more. The group of control included 40 almost healthy persons. We studied external respiration function, cellular structure of the induced sputum, the level of TNFα, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-15, Creactive protein in blood. Results. The results of cytokines at patients with bronchial asthma depending on BWI out of an exacerbation of the disease within the last 2 months. We found the signs of more significant systemic inflammation in the group with obesity the increasing of the level of IL2, IL6, TNFa and Creactive protein in plasma was found. Conclusion. We found that there was more sever course of bronchial asthma in young patients with obesity, decreased external respiration functions, increased level of proinflammatory cytokines and proteins of acute phase in peripheral blood.
Clinical and immunological characteristics of bronchial asthma phenotype with syndrome of secondary immune deficiency
Authors: Sizyachina L P , Churyukina E V
Published: July 2021

Background, To study the clinical and immunological features of the phenotype of bronchial asthma with syndrome of secondary immune deficiency. Methods, The analysis of observation of 105 patients with bronchial asthma (BA) was conducted, 70 patients had a clinical markers of secondary immune deficiency. Results, Patients suffering from BA with secondary immune deficiency were observed, there was inhibition of cellular and phagocytic links on the background of activation of the humoral immune system. Changes in immune status were recorded on the clinical course of the disease. Conclusion, BA patients with a concomitant syndrome of secondary immune deficiency had heterogeneous disorders of the immune system, leading to clinical manifestations of secondary immune deficiency, making it difficult for bronchial asthma, contributes to chronic foci of infection, refractoriness to traditional treatment methods.
Colostrum and breast milk cytokines in sensitized women
Authors: Geneva M S , Munblit D B , Pampura A N
Published: July 2021

There is some evidence to suggest that colostrum/breast milk immunological composition have potential in infant gut immunity modulation early in life. Objective. To assess levels of cytokines in colostrum and breast milk in atopic and non-atopic mothers, and in those, who have self-reported allergy. Patients and methods. 277 Moscow women were recruited as a part of an International (Great Britain, Russia, Italy) study assessing immune composition of colostrum and breast milk. Skin prick-tests were used to assess sensitization in recruited women. Electrochemiluminiscence of colostrum and breast milk samples for HGF, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, TGF β1, TGF β2, TGF β3 was performed in a Flow Cytometry Lab, Imperial College London. Results. In 19,4% of Moscow women a sensitization to one or more allergens was revealed. According to univariate analysis colostrum and/or breast milk levels of TGF β1, TGF β3, HGF, IL-5, IL-10 and IFN-γ were higher in sensitized women. No difference in IL-2, IL-4, IL-12, IL-13, TGF β2 levels was revealed in relation to sensitization. Conclusion. Cytokine and growth factors differences of colostrum and breast milk samples from Moscow women allow to assume the lack of IL-4 and IL-13 shift of cytokine and growth factors in relation to sensitization.
Features of the cytokine profile in humoral primary immunodeficiency patients
Authors: Sizyakina L P , Andreeva I I , Antonova E A
Published: July 2021

The results of cytokines serum levels in patients with infectious and autoimmune phenotypes of X-linked agammaglobulinemia (X-AGG) and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) are presented. In patients with varying nature of the primary agammaglobulinemia similar cytokine changes were estimated.
Federal clinical recommendations for primary immunodeficiencies in adults: prerequisites, problems, solutions
Authors: Latysheva E A , Ilina N I
Published: July 2021

Clinical recommendations (CR) - is a consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with certain nosology, created by experts in various fields of medicine based on the experience of experts, and data from multicenter trails. CR optimize patient management, minimizing the risk of medical error. CR of a particular importance are CR for the rare diseases, because the majority of doctors lack of experience. One of the illustrations of such rare diseases are primary immunodeficiencies (PID). Owing to the development of fundamental immunology, diagnostic and therapeutic options, these patients may survive to adulthood, so this problem has gone beyond the field of pediatricians. Now the probability to meet such patients is much higher for many doctors of different specialities. The paper discusses the problem of PID in Russia, the challenges of creating a CR on this disease and the ways of their solution.
ACE and PLA2G7genes expression in children with a history of food anaphylaxis
Authors: Esakova N V , Okuneva T S , Saakyan E K , Kondratieva N S , Kokaeva Z G , Klimov E A , Pampura A N
Published: July 2021

Background. The aim of this study was to evaluate transcriptional activity of PLA2G7 (platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase) and ACE (аngiotensin-сonverting enzyme) genes in patients with a history of anaphylaxis. Methods. 97 children were enrolled in the study: 27 children with a history of food anaphylaxis; 35 children with atopic dermatitis; 35 children without allergic diseases: 26 children were IgE-negative, 9 children were IgE-positive («Phadia 100»; «Phadia AB», Sweden). RNA was extracted from blood samples with Trizol RNA Prep kits («Isogen», Russia). cDNA production was performed with MMLV RT kit («Evrogen», Russia). Real-time PCR was held with CFX-96 device («Bio-Rad», USA) and qPCRmix-HS PCR mix («Evrogen», Russia). Oligonucleotide primers and probes were synthesized at «DNK-Sintez» (Russia). Results. In children with a history of food anaphylaxis decrease in PLA2G7 gene expression was detected comparing to control groups (p
Efficiency of montelukast in control of atopic diseases at children of preschool age
Authors: Volkova N A , Beltyukov E K
Published: July 2021

The aim of study. To estimate clinical efficiency of the antagonist of the leukotriiene receptors - montelukast in control of atopic diseases at children of preschool age. Materials and methods. Open randomized comparative study of clinical efficiency of montelukast in parallel groups of children of preschool age having atopic diseases was conducted. Results. Inclusion of montelukast (singular) in basic therapy of children of preschool age, having atopic diseases, allowed to decrease the number of exacerbations of a bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis and as well as the necessity of «emergency aid», when a dose of topical glucocorticosteroids reduced 1,9 times. Conclusion. Montelukast treatment showed high clinical efficiency and allowed to control symptoms of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma, when it was included in the basic therapy of atopic diseases at children of preschool age.
GASTROINTESTINAL MANIFESTATIONS OF FOOD ALLERGY: PATHOGENESIS, CLINICAL FORMS AND CLUES TO THERAPY
Authors: KOROSTOVTSEV D S , KORNIENKO E A , GALENKO L A , TRUSOVA O V , KAMAEV A V , MAKAROVA I V
Published: July 2021

Food allergies (fa), defined as an adverse immune response to food proteins, effect up to 3-5% of the popula- tion in westernized countries, and their prevalence appears to be rising. a variety of mechanisms underlie the allergic reactions, not all of them run through the IgE sensitisation. the absence of sIgE in peripheral circulation characterize a group of non-Ig-Emediated disorders, such as food protein-induced enterocolitis, enteropathy and prococolitis. In case of eosinophilic esophagitis, gastritis and enterocolitis IgE sensitization arises in nearly 50%, therefore these disorders are classified as mixed-type. In some cases of gastrointestinal fa local IgE production, when switching to IgE synthesis occurs only in one organ, have been proved. although systemic investigation of this phenomenon is still lacking. Immune inflammation coursed by food allergens can involve nearly all organs and systems. this review focuses on gastroenterological manifestations of food allergy, except of broad field of gluten intolerance that demands a separate thorough reviewing.
Polyfunctional antiallergic potencies of Д-antihistamine levocetirizine
Authors: Gushchin I S
Published: July 2021

The burden of allergic diseases worldwide is such that it represents a serious public health problem that attracts considerable efforts to identify effective and safe therapies. Antihistamines are an important part of the therapeutic options for allergic diseases. Levocetirizine is the R-enantiomer of cetirizine with pharmacokinetically and pharmacodynamically favourable characteristics. It is a potent inverse agonist of H 1-receptors with anti-inflammatory/anti-allergic properties. It appears to have grater in vivo H 1-receptor occupancy comparatively with other 2 nd generation H 1-antihistamines. This may confer an advantageous efficacy and safety profile. clinical trials indicate that it is safe and effective for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria and some other allergic conditions in adults and children with a minimal number of untoward reactions. It is also becoming clearer that, in addition to its being a potent antihistamine, levocetirizine has several anti-inflammatory/anti-allergic effects that are observed at clinically relevant concentrations that may enhance its therapeutic benefit.
First results of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine treatment in patients with chronic bronchopulmonary diseases: evaluation safety and tolerability
Authors: Protasov A D , Zhestkov A V , Kostinov M P
Published: July 2021

The data on the safety and tolerability of vaccination with the 13valent conjugated vaccine against pneumococcal infection of patients with chronic bronchopulmonary diseases is cited. Background. To evaluate the safety and tolerability of 13valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in patients with chronic bronchopulmonary disorders (COPD and asthma). Methods. The study involved 67 patients with chronic bronchopulmonary diseases, 33 of them had COPD (group I), and 34 had asthma (group II). Patients received 1 dose of vaccine, «Prevenar13» intramuscularly in the left shoulder. Within 7 days after vaccination all subjects filled out specially designed questionnaire, reflecting the local and general adverse events. Results. Vaccination with 13valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine of patients with COPD or asthma was well tolerated, no serious adverse events within 7 days of postvaccination period were observed.
BRONCHOLITIC THERAPY IN BRONCHIAL ASTHMA: PROPER CHOICE
Authors: Kurbacheva O M , Polner S A , Smirnov D S
Published: July 2021

In this article the problems of improving the control of bronchial asthma through optimization of bronchodilator therapy are discussed. Cholinergic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of asthma and the possibilities of use of long-acting m-anticholinergic - tiotropium (via liquid inhaler R espimat) - in the treatment of this disease are shown. Pharmacological properties of bronchodilators are discussed to identify the main groups of patients who need tiotropium therapy.
LONG-TERM CONTROL OF SKIN ALLERGIC INFLAMMATION IN ATOPIC DERMATITIS PATIENTS
Authors: ELISYUTINA O G , FEDENKO E S
Published: July 2021

Modern approaches to topical treatment of atopic dermatitis (ad) are presented in the review. the application of different proactive therapy patterns like topical corticosteroids intermittent treatment and topical calcineurin inhibitors as antirecurrent therapy of ad patients are discussed.
INFLUENCE OF DELIVERY ON PATIENTS’ ADHERENCE TO THERAPY OF BRONCHOOBSTRACTIVE DISEASES
Authors: Shartanova N V
Published: July 2021

Bronchial asthma (BA) - a global public health problem worldwide. All treatments aimed at improving the control of symptoms of the disease, prevention of exacerbations and improving the quality of life for patients. The use of inhalation therapy is the basis for the treatment of all bronchoobstructive diseases. The effectiveness of treatment depends not only on the quality of the inhaled drug, but also by means of delivery of the drug into the bronchi. Easyhaler - a new dry powder inhaler, inhalation activated enables precise dosing of the drug. According to various studies, the method of delivery of drugs has proven high efficiency, ease to use and adherence of patients to the unit.
TREATMENT OF RECURRENT HERPES VIRUS INFECTION: STANDARD APPROACHES AND NEW PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Zuikova I N , Shulzhenko A E , Shchubelko R V , Zuikov I A , Karimova I M
Published: July 2021

Chronic recurrent herpes virus infection is a major problem of modern health care, not only due to its wide distribution among the reproductive age population, but also due to the complexity of the control of this disease, in spite of modern treatment methods. This situation is a result of the development of so called «vicious circle» - the severity of herpes virus infection depends on the degree of immunosuppression and on the nature of immune system disorders caused by immunosuppressive properties of the virus. Understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease and especially local and systemic immune response helps to shape immunopathogenetic approach to therapy of herpes virus infection. Study of immunomodulator Laennek® («Japan Bioproducts Co., Ltd», Japan) efficacy as adjuvant therapy of chronic recurrent viral infection caused by the herpes simplex viruses type 1, 2 showed good results.
NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE TREATMENT OF UNCONTROLLED ASTHMA IN RUSSIA
Authors: Ilina N I , Shartanova N V , Latysheva E A , Denisov M A
Published: July 2021

Bronchial asthma (BA) is one of the most socially significant diseases of the respiratory system. The control over the symptoms of BA is achieved less than in 50% of cases even in highly developed countries. The reasons for the lack of control are heterogeneous. One of the most important reasons for the lack of control over symptoms BA in Russia is the unavailability of highly effective drugs for socially unprotected layers of the population. The solution of this problem could be the creation of Russian analogs for asthma treatment. A new Russian product - a combination of topical corticosteroids and DBA (fluticasone/salmeterol) - Suticase-native is going to appear on the Russian market. A study to assess the efficacy and safety of the new product was carried out on the base of three Russian scientific centers. This trail compared a new drug Suticase-nativ (salmeterol 50 mcg plus fluticasone propionate 250 mcg/dose), powder for inhalation (produced by «Nativ» - company, Russia), with its famous counterpart - a Seretide accuhaler diskus (salmeterol 50 mcg plus fluticasone propionate 250 mcg/ dose), powder for inhalation dosed, production Glaxo Operates UK Ltd, in patients with bronchial asthma. The results of the study showed high efficiency and safety of Suticase-Nativ, comparable to Seretide.
Polymorphism in genes encoding xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (GSTM1 and GSTT1) and the risk of asthma onset in Moldovan and other ethnic groups: a meta-analysis
Authors: Vasilos L V , Kyrstya O N , Ivashchenko T E , Kozhokaru A N , Aseyev M V , Arama M G , Horodishtyanu-Banuh A I , Savoskina D V
Published: July 2021

Background. The aim of the study was to examine the association of the risk of asthma onset with polymorphisms in genes encoding proteins xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (GSTT1 and GSTM1) in Moldovans and other ethnic groups using the meta-analysis method. Methods. A meta-analysis of the association of genetic polymorphism of GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes and the risk of asthma development in 180 Moldovan subjects in comparison with published data on various ethnogeographical affiliations was performed. Results. The meta-analysis results were based on sixteen studies which included a total number of 3873 patients and 4863 healthy individuals. The meta-analysis showed an increased risk of disease development in subjects who are carriers of the GSTM1 null genotype (odds ratio of the cumulative risk was 1,29; 95% CI 1,09-1,54), whereas the GSTT1 0/0 genotype was associated with a 1,32 fold increase of the cumulative risk of asthma onset (95% CI 0,99-1,75). Conclusion. The obtained results suggest that the risk of asthma development is associated with the deletion polymorphism in genes encoding proteins xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (GSTT1 and GSTM1), but the mechanisms of the disease also depend on the gene-by-gene and gene-environment interactions.
10% INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN GAMUNEX IN THE TREATMENT OF PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCIES PATIENTS: OWN EXPERIENCE AND LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Smirnova I N , Kosacheva T G , Shvetz O V , Zimin S B , Shcherbina A Yur'evna
Published: July 2021

Intravenous immunoglobulin G preparation (IVIG) is an effective and safe therapeutic modality in the primary immunodeficiencies (PID) management. We investigated effectiveness and safety of the 10% preparation of IVIG Gamunex in treatment of 26 patients with primary immunodeficiencies at ages 8 months 17 years. Percentage of nonsevere reactions to Gamunex infusions was similar as to other 5% IVIG preparations (2,9 vs 2,8%). Average time of infusion was reduced from 88 minutes for 5% IVIG to 67 minutes for Gamunex. Average trough IgG level after Gamunex infusions was sufficient (6,8 g/l) and resulted in the absence of significant infectious episodes in PID patients during the study period. Our study demonstrated good efficacy and safety profile of Gamunex.
Features of sensitization to widespread allergens in residents of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region with common allergic deseases
Authors: Aak O V , Sobolev A V
Published: July 2021

Background. To identify differences in sensitization to widespread allergens in patients with common allergic diseases: allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, angioedema, allergic urticaria and atopic dermatitis. Materials and methods. Determination of sIgE in serum using commercial and domestic reagent kits («AllergoI-FA-specific IgE» and biotinylated allergens of «Alcor Bio», St. Petersburg) was conducted in patients with allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, angioedema, allergic urticaria and atopic dermatitis. Results. There was a significant similarity between the spectrum of sensitization in patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma In atopic dermatitis patients the increasing of frequency of food and especially mold sensitization was estimated. The high degree of correlation between the moulds, plants and food allergens in atopic dermatitis was observed. Conclusion. The results obtained in the study can be interesting for physicians in allergological examination and for the researchers to identify new cross-reactive allergens.
Treatment of itch in allergic dermatoses
Authors: Perlamutrov Y N , Olkhovskaya K B
Published: July 2021

Pruritus is one of the most frequent symptoms in different skin diseases. Pathophysiology of pruritus has been insufficiently studied, but to this day it is considered that the main mediator of itch is histamine. Given the important role of histamine and the location of itch receptors in the superficial layers of the epidermis, the optimum is to use a topical antihistamine. The unique properties of dimethindene (Fenistil) provides rapid elimination of symptoms of itching and inflammation in allergic dermatoses.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of diet therapy in infants with gastrointestinal manifestations of food allergy
Authors: Sentsova T B , Kirillova O O , Vorozhko I V , Revyakina V A , Monosova O Yu , Denisova S N , Belitskaya M Yu , Timopheeva A M , Myagkova M N
Published: July 2021

Background. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the diet therapy in infants with gastrointestinal manifestations of food allergy to cow’s milk protein. Materials and methods. 126 bottlefed infants aged from 1 to 12 months were examined for mucosal immunity and bowel microbiota parameters. Results. The changes of intestinal microbiota with in creased of conditionally pathogenic species (Klebsiella, Proteus, Citrobacter spp., etc.) with normal rates of anaerobic bacteria (bifido- and lactobacilli spp.) were revealed. sIgA levels in coprofiltrates in infants with gastrointestinal manifestations of food allergy were significantly reduced compared with the control group. Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels compared with healthy children were obtained. Elevated levels of total IgE as well as allergen-specific IgE to cow’s milk proteins incoprofiltrates were estimated being the evidence of food sensitization. Using of adapted formulas based on the New Zealand goat milk with a complex of prebiotics in infants with gastrointestinal manifestations of food allergy led to normalization of intestinal microflora with reducing of Enterobacteriaceae spp. colonization. Positive changes in mucosal immunity were observed: increase of sIgA levels, decrease of total and allergen-specific IgE and CRP levels in coprofiltrates. Conclusion. The study demonstrated the usefulness of adapted formulas based on the New Zealand goat milk with a complex of prebiotics as diet therapy in infants with gastrointestinal manifestations of food allergy.
MODULATORY EFFECT OF PREDOMINATELY PHYSICAL NATURE FACTORS ON HUMAN AND ANIMAL IMMUNE SYSTEMS (PART 1)
Authors: MARTYNOV A I
Published: July 2021

The review presents the data on mechanical vibration and two types of non-ionizing radiation influence on im- munological reactivity of the organism. Mechanical vibration causes a cell immunity suppression and immuno- pathological syndromes development. li EMr activates t-lymphocytes and increases expression of il-1b, iFn-g and tnFa genes which determine anti-inflammatory effect. li lr has hormesis effect: it`s small doses activate immunocyte and cytokine production and it`s high doses lead to immunosuppression.
THE QUESTIONNAIRE FOR PERIOPERATIVE DRUG ANAPHYLACTIC RISK ASSESSMENT
Authors: ZHUKOVA D G , FEDENKO E S , YUDIN A A , TSYVKINA E A
Published: July 2021

Background. To investigate the drug’s hypersensitivity reactions occuring during perioperative period in central clinical hospital of the russian academy of sciences during 2010-2012 years. The article proposes the introduction of the special questionnaire for perioperative anaphylactic risk assessment. Materials and methods. We compiled a questionnaire for perioperative drug hypersensitivity risk assessment. The questionnaire built up by recording the individual scores related to the most relevant anaphylaxis parameters (i. e. medical history, symptoms and medication for asthma, rhinitis and urticaria etc.) and by adding them on all together; consists of 2 parts: questions in part 1 correspond to the doctor, questions in part 2 - to the patient. Based on the results of the questionnaire, the risk of drug’s hypersensitivity reactions was estimated as low, me- dium, high or very high. We performed retrospective questionnaire survey using special questionnaire of 3240 allergic patients [2398 (74%) women, 842 (26%) man - aged between 18-85 years old (50,3±0,3)] in preoperative period in central clinical hospital of the russian academy of sciences during 2010-2012. The control group consisted of 20 healthy respondents, those with no medical education. all reviewed patients had anesthesia and surgical interventions, 23 of them (13 women, 10 men aged between 22-84 years old) showed drug’s hypersen- sitivity reactions during early postoperative period. Results. all respondents noted clarity and concreteness of the items of the questionnaire. reproducible answers amounted to 95%. We detected the increase of the resulting frequency of the perioperative drug hypersensiti- vity in patients with increasing number of scores. The questionnaire was able to distinguish patients with risk of perioperative drug hypersensitivity reactions (known-group validity). identified significant differences in rates of patients with allergic diseases and practically healthy persons (p< 0,001). Conclusion. The questionnaire is a reliable, valid, and sensitive tool for screening patients at risk of perioperative drug’s hypersensitivity reactions. The questionnaire could be used in the perioperative period to evaluate the anaphylactic risk and to prescribe risk-oriented premedication protocols.
Peanut allergy: update concepts
Authors: Ogorodova L M , Fedorova O S , Fedotova M M , Evdokimova T A
Published: July 2021

Allergy to peanuts is an actual problem of practical health care associated with a significant prevalence and severity of peanut-allergic reactions, which can include anaphylaxis. The characteristic of peanut allergen components is presented in the review. Modern approaches to the diagnosis of allergy to peanuts reflected in the article. The article presents research findings on development and natural history of allergy to peanuts, clinical mmanifestations, also considered the priority therapeutic approaches.
MODERN VIEW ON THE PROBLEM OF HOUSE DUST MITES SENSITIZATION
Authors: Kurbacheva O M , Pavlova K S , Melnikova E A
Published: July 2021

Dermatophagoides pteronissinus, Dermatophagoides farinea and their products of vital activity are the main allergenic components of house dust. The only pathogenetic and effective method of treatment of patients with house dust mites induced allergic rhinitis and atopic bronchial asthma according to positions of evidencebased medicine is allergenspecific immunotherapy (ASIT) with house dust mites (Dermatophagoides pteronissinus, Dermatophagoides farinea) allergens. Modern data on prevalence of a sensitization to house dust mites at patients with respiratory manifestations of allergy are presented in the review, questions of carrying out ASIT by various methods with application of the standardized allergens, its efficiency and safety are discussed.
SKIN BARIER, XEROSIS, KUPEROSIS
Authors: Kochergin N G
Published: July 2021

This review is devoted to skin barrier function of epidermis, factors underlying xerosis, clinical features of kuperosis, case report of rosaceae as an example of skin barrier function abnormality is presented.
Influence of the Рriorix vaccination on cytokine profile and IgE level in healthy children and patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Toptygina A P , Alioshkin V A
Published: July 2021

Background. The aim of the study was to investigate peculiarities of immune responses on the vaccination with Priorix in healthy children and patients with atopic dermatitis. Methods. Thirty five healthy children aged 1-2 years old (Group 1) and 15 children the same age with atopic dermatitis (Group 2) were vaccinated with Priorix. Serum level of IgE was measured by ELISA, and serum concentrations of 7 cytokines: IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were measured by BioPlex technology before vaccination, 7 days, and 30 days after. Serum level of IgE was measured by ELISA. Results. The level of serum IgE relatively decreased or increased on seventh day after vaccination. In a month IgE level returned back. It was found that in group1 51,4% children demonstrated Th1 type response and 48,6% children showed Th2 type response on the vaccination. Similar distribution was obtained in group 2 (53,3% children showed Th1 type response and 46,7% children demonstrated Th2 type). A significant positive correlation was observed between IgE level increasing and Th2 type of immune response. It was shown that 68,6% of children of group 1 and 66,7% of children of group 2 demonstrated after vaccination the superiority of anti-inflammatory IL-10 over pro-inflammatory TNF-α. We suppose that children with atopic dermatitis can be vaccinated with Priorix.
THE FUNCTIONAL STATUS OF THE SKIN BARRIER IN CHILDREN WITH ATOPIC DERMATITIS
Authors: Kindeeva E T , Varlamov E E , Pampura A N
Published: July 2021

Introduction. One of the factors in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis is a dysfunction of the skin barrier. Background. To reveal the features of the barrier function of the skin in children with atopic dermatitis by measuring transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and the pH of the skin. Methods. The study included 98 children with atopic dermatitis. All patients measurement was performed by TEWL (Tewameter TM 300, Multi Probe Adapter MPA 5/9, Courage + Khazaka) and the pH of the skin (Skin-pHMeter, Multi Probe Adapter MPA 5/9, Courage + Khazaka). Results. TEWL value was significantly higher in children with severe atopic dermatitis (p=0,00001), in children up to 3 years (p=0,002), in patients with skin colonization of Staphylococcus aureus (p=0,006) and with specific IgE to staphylococcal enterotoxins. Skin pH was significantly higher in children with severe atopic dermatitis (p=0,0001), and in children under the age of 3 years (p=0,04). Conclusion. The determination of the level of TEWL and skin pH to assess the degree of inflammation activity in atopic dermatitis and to justify use of topical therapy, aimed to restoring the epidermal barrier of the skin at children with atopic dermatitis, is substantiated.