bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transformation of biochemical processes in soil due to contamination by pharmaceuticals
Authors: Tregubova P. N. , Abroskin D. P. , Volkova E. A. , Zherebker A. Y. , Nikolaev E. N.
Published: December 2024

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are emerging contaminants widely detected in natural environments, primarily in freshwater sources and wastewater. Currently, an extensive database of cases of detection of PPCPs in soils has been collected, and the problem of pollution with these emerging substances is especially relevant for agricultural landscapes. The study aimed to assess the influence of selected PPCPs on the processes occurring in the soils, especially in the rhizosphere, on the example of a test plant. As a working hypothesis, it was suggested that the introduction of selected PPCPs could change the biochemical processes in the rhizosphere, affecting the activity of the microbial community and, therefore, the characteristics of the labile pool of soil organic matter represented by watersoluble forms could change. In a short-term incubation experiment on the humus horizon of chernozem soil, we studied the effect of PPCPs represented by the most frequently prescribed therapeutic groups and often found in natural environments: ciprofloxacin (antibiotic), ketoprofen (analgesic), atenolol (beta-blocker), clotrimazole (antifungal agent). Selected substances were applied to the soil in concentration gradients. Lettuce (Lactúca sativa L.) was used as a test plant. At the end of the experiment, the biomass of shoots and roots and urease enzymatic activity in variants treated by PPCPs differed significantly from the control. Mainly, differences from control samples were expressed in the inhibitory effect; at the same time, an increase in indicators values was observed in several cases. A change in the composition of dissolved organic matter in the rhizosphere soil was noted: in general, even in low concentrations, samples treated with ciprofloxacin, ketoprofen, and atenolol differed from the control variant. While the changes were irregular in terms of concentrations of PPCPs, the observed effects caused by the introduction of selected substances can be explained by both the studied soil’s buffer capacity and the soil’s biological activity, particularly the rhizosphere community.
DONNA MITTENTE I DONNA DESTINATARIA – DVA PRIMERA EPISTOLA KATARINE SIJENSKE „UVAŽENIM GOSPAMA”
Authors: Mitić Marija
Published: December 2024

Poznato je da se koncept života tokom poznog srednjeg veka posebno vezuje za manastire, kao važne centre kulture. Govoreći o književnoistorijskom kontekstu, jedan od značajnijih medijevističkih žanrova jeste, svakako, epistola koja je bila važno sredstvo komunikacije u crkvenim krugovima. Kada je reč o autorima srednjovekovnih epistola, značajno mesto pripada Katarini Sijenskoj, monahinji dominikanskog reda koja je za sobom ostavila opus epistola poznatiji pod nazivom L’Epistolario. Među njenim epistolama upućenim važnim ličnostima iz svetovnog i duhovnog života posebno su značajne epistole upućene ženama. One nam ukazuju na kompleksnost uloge srednjovekovne žene u sferi duhovnog i svetovnog života, zbog čega predstavljaju značajan žanr u okviru medijevističke književne tradicije. U ovom radu pokazaćemo kako je u epistolama Katarine Sijenske žena prikazana kao dvostruki protagonista, kao ona koja piše i ona kojoj je pismo upućeno.
MUZEJ KAO „TREĆI PROSTOR”
Authors: Dakić Jovana
Published: December 2024

Aktuelna razmatranja o tome kako organizovati funkcionisanje muzeja u cilju efikasnijeg učenja stvaraju određeni pritisak na njih koji bi trebalo da dovede do transformacije učenja u muzeju. Naime, ono bi umesto transmisije informacija, trebalo da predstavlja rezultat socijalnih interakcija i aktivnog učešća u zajednici onih koji uče. „Treći prostor”, osim što se može posmatrati kao informalni prostor za učenje, predstavlja mesto nastanka novih obrazaca učenja i novih znanja integracijom iskustava stečenih u različitim situacijama, te mesto transformacije učešća u zajednicama prakse, gde raste potencijal za nastanak i razvoj novih znanja. Cilj ovog istraživanja ogleda se u sagledavanju muzeja kao „trećih prostora” koji posetiocima omogućuju da u međusobnoj saradnji uče jedni od drugih u informalnom kontekstu, i zajedničkim doprinosom stvaraju nove zajednice prakse i nova znanja, a ostvaruje se primenom metode teorijske analize i tehnike analize sadržaja. U skladu sa tim, u prvom delu rada su predstavljeni različiti pristupi konceptu „trećeg prostora”, dok je u drugom delu rada razjašnjeno na koji način je moguće sagledati muzej u okviru tog koncepta. Pedagoške implikacije ovog rada obuhvataju bolje razumevanje muzeja kao „trećeg prostora”, s obzirom na to da se takvim načinom posmatranja muzeja naglašava socijalni kontekst učenja, kao neophodan za konstrukciju novih znanja.
ABSENT MOTHERS AND GHOSTLY DOUBLES IN DIANE SETTERFIELD’S THE THIRTEENTH TALE
Authors: Krombholc Viktorija , Vujin Bojana
Published: December 2024

Neo-Victorian literature recontextualises popular Victorian tropes and re-examines fictional and historical Victoriana’s place within today’s larger culture. Contemporary neo-Victorian narratives often repurpose Gothic motifs, whose unsettling nature illustrates our own ambivalent attitudes towards the Victorians and the cultural heritage they left behind. This paper analyses Diane Setterfield’s debut novel The Thirteenth Tale (2006), positing it as a neo-Victorian Gothic text and paying special attention to the motifs of doubles and motherlessness, so as to examine the ideas of identity, origin and belonging that permeate this novel on the thematic and narrative level. Particular emphasis is also placed on intertextual relationships The Thirteenth Tale fosters with codifying Victorian Gothic texts, especially Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights and Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre. The rich intertextuality of The Thirteenth Tale demonstrates that the novel is ultimately a story about stories and storytelling, a quintessential neo-Victorian text which re-evaluates the Victorian era’s cultural, historical and literary legacy.
Analysis of EM4 Probiotics Added in The Water on The Hematological Profile of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Faizah Khansa Nur , Fayyadhafif Naufal Dzaky , Shafia Nabila , Azmi Muhammad Izzudin , Shabrina Tsabitah , Dzakirah Nabilah , Mahandaru Muhammad Shahruriza Rakai , Anggraini Laily Nur , Ramadhani Annisa Yuwan
Published: December 2024

This journal reviews the effect of giving EM4 probiotics on the hematological profile of tilapia. This study aims to determine the effects that will arise after administering EM4 probiotics for several days on the blood of tilapia fish. This research uses experimental methods so that the results used are the results of experiments carried out by the author. The results of this study explain the blood profile of tilapia after administration of EM4 probiotics including levels of erythrocytes, leukocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin and differential counting. There was a decrease in erythrocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrit levels, and an insignificant increase in leukocyte and hematocrit levels.
Application of the Simplex Lattice Design Method to Determine the Optimal Formula of Diclofenac Sodium Nanoemulsion
Authors: Nahdhia Nadhifatun , M. Agus Syamsur Rijal  , Esti Hendradi  , Riyanto Teguh Widodo
Published: December 2024

Background: The success of nanoemulsion preparation, with the aim of producing good characteristic values, is determined by the ratio of each component. The design of experiments (DoE) approach using the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method can be used to determine the optimal formula for nanoemulsions, with variable factors consisting of oleic acid, Tween 20:ethanol (4:1), and water. The observed response variables included droplet size, PDI, and pH. Objective: DoE can help reduce the energy, cost, and time needed to make the optimal formula for diclofenac sodium nanoemulsions. Methods: Nanoemulsions were prepared using low-energy emulsification. Their characteristics were evaluated and analyzed using Design Expert software. Results: The optimal nanoemulsion formulation consisted of 4.17% oleic acid, 37.5% emulsifier (Tween 20: ethanol, 4:1), and 58.33% water. The nanoemulsion characteristics were good, with 20.37 a droplet size, 0.42 PDI, of 4.75 pH. The observed values were not significantly different from the predicted values, and the formula could effectively trap 1% diclofenac sodium. Conclusion: The simplex lattice design method is very useful for pharmaceutical development, such as nanoemulsion optimization.
An ABC-VEN Analysis for Outpatient Medicines Use in the Department of Internal Medicine at Universitas Airlangga Teaching Hospital
Authors: Zedny Norachuriya  , Suprapti Budi , Dinda Monika Nusantara Ratri  , Cahyo Wibisono Nugroho  , Yosiyanita Safari
Published: December 2024

Background: Application of the ABC-VEN method in evaluating drug planning can increase efficiency and ensure optimal medicine availability and stable access to medications. Objective: To analyze ABC-VEN combinations to examine the profile of medicine use in the internal medicine department. Methods: This was an observational study with retrospective prescription data from outpatients in the Internal Medicine Department from January to March 2020. Collected data included the type, number of medicines, and medicine prices. Patients undergoing chemotherapy and retroviral therapy for HIV were excluded from the study. Subsequently, an ABC-VEN analysis was performed. Results: Of 4,242 prescription samples, 188 types of medicines were used. Based on the drug use evaluation with ABC analysis, category A contained 23 items (12.17%), category B contained 35 items (18.52%), and category C contained 130 items (69.31%). The ABC analysis for investment value found that category A contained eight items (4.23%), category B contained 22 items (11.64%), and 158 items (84.13%). Based on the VEN analysis, Group V had six medicine items, Group E had 152 medicine items, and Group N had 30 medicine items. The ABC-VEN investigation showed that there were eight, 151, and 29 items of medicines in Categories I, I, and III, respectively. Conclusion: Although there are medicines that are highly used, their investment value is quite low. The use of the ABC-VEN method to evaluate medicine use is crucial for organizing and controlling the medicine supply.
Le revenu agricole des agriculteurs et des éleveurs en France : une forte variabilité interannuelle (2010-2022) et de grandes disparités
Authors: CHATELLIER Vincent
Published: December 2024

En utilisant les données du Réseau d’information comptable agricole (RICA) sur la période 2010 à 2022, cet article présente une analyse de l’évolution des revenus des exploitations agricoles françaises et de leur dispersion. L’indicateur utilisé pour en rendre compte est le résultat courant avant impôt (RCAI) par unité de travail agricole (UTA) non salariée. Dans un premier temps, l’analyse est conduite toutes orientations de production confondues. Elle met en évidence une forte variabilité interannuelle du revenu moyen des agriculteurs français, avec un pic à 55 800 euros en 2022 et un creux à 21 300 euros en 2016 (pour une moyenne de 34 100 euros par an sur la période 2010-2022). Une grille typologique distinguant 64 cases est ensuite proposée pour démontrer l’influence de trois indicateurs essentiels sur le niveau des revenus, à savoir « la productivité du travail », « l’efficience productive » et « la capacité de l’exploitation à faire face à ses engagements financiers ». Dans un deuxième temps, l’analyse est menée selon les orientations de production. Tout en rendant compte des écarts internes à chacune d’elles, ce travail démontre que le revenu moyen dégagé dans les exploitations spécialisées en productions de ruminants est, dans une approche de long terme, clairement inférieur à celui obtenu dans d’autres orientations de production telles que les grandes cultures, la viticulture ou la production porcine. En combinant les trois indicateurs précités, une méthode permet enfin de répartir les exploitations bovins-lait et bovins-viande selon huit classes dites de « performances économiques ».
Efektivitas Sistem Prefabrikasi RISHA dan RUSPIN dalam Pembangunan Perumahan Berkelanjutan: Studi Komparatif
Authors: Sulistiana Putu Didik , Bili Herman Tadu , Dewi Dewa Ayu Rai Silvia
Published: December 2024

Indonesia, sebagai negara kepulauan dengan potensi strategis yang besar, menghadapi tantangan serius dalam penyediaan perumahan yang terjangkau dan layak huni. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi inovasi dalam metode konstruksi melalui dua produk unggulan: Rumah Instan Sederhana Sehat (RISHA) dan Rumah Unggul Sistem Panel Instan (RUSPIN). Kedua metode ini mengadopsi teknologi prefabrikasi dan modular, yang terbukti mampu mempercepat waktu pembangunan—dengan RISHA yang dapat diselesaikan dalam waktu hanya 5 hari untuk tipe 36 m²—serta mengurangi biaya konstruksi hingga 10% dibandingkan dengan metode konvensional. Pendekatan studi literatur digunakan untuk menganalisis keunggulan dan kelemahan masing-masing metode, serta memberikan wawasan mendalam mengenai komponen struktural dan non-struktural yang terlibat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa integrasi teknologi modern dalam konstruksi tidak hanya meningkatkan kualitas dan ketahanan bangunan, tetapi juga memberikan solusi efektif untuk daerah rawan bencana yang memerlukan respons cepat. Lebih jauh, perbandingan ini merekomendasikan pengembangan fleksibilitas desain dan ukuran komponen pracetak untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat yang beragam. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa RISHA dan RUSPIN merupakan solusi inovatif yang dapat memperkuat upaya pemerintah dalam mencapai pembangunan perumahan yang efisien, berkelanjutan, dan responsif terhadap tantangan sosial-ekonomi di Indonesia. Inovasi ini diharapkan dapat menjadi model bagi negara-negara lain yang menghadapi tantangan serupa dalam sektor perumahan.
Isolation and Characterization of a Roseophage Representing a Novel Genus in the N4-like Rhodovirinae Subfamily Distributed in Estuarine Waters
Authors: Huang Xinyu , Chen Yu , Lu Longfei
Published: December 2024

Background
Roseobacteraceae, often referred to as the marine roseobacter clade (MRC), are pivotal constituents of bacterial communities in coastal and pelagic marine environments. During the past two decades, 75 roseophages that infect various Roseobacteraceae lineages have been isolated. The N4-like Rhodovirinae subfamily, which encompasses 15 members, represents the largest clade among these roseophages.
Results
In this study, we isolated a novel roseophage, vB_DshP-R7L, that infects Dinoroseobacter shibae DFL12 from Xiamen Bay in the East China Sea. Conserved genes of Schitoviridae have been identified in the genome of vB_DshP-R7L, and following phylogenetic analysis suggest that the newly isolated phage is a member of the Rhodovirinae subfamily and is indicative of a newly proposed genus, Xianganvirus. The genome of vB_DshP-R7L harbors six auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs), most of which potentially enhance DNA de novo synthesis. Additionally, a gene encoding ribosomal protein was identified. Comparative genomic analysis of AMG content among Rhodovirinae indicates a distinct evolutionary history characterized by independent ancient horizontal gene transfer events. Read-mapping analysis reveals the prevalence of vB_DshP-R7L and other Rhodovirinae roseophages in estuarine waters.
Conclusions
Our work illustrates the genomic features of a novel roseophage clade among N4-like Rhodovirinae. The AMG content of vB_DshP-R7L are under severe purification selection, which revealed their possible ecological importance. We also demonstrated that vB_DshP-R7L and other Rhodovirinae roseophages are restrictively distributed in estuaries. Our isolation and characterization of this novel phage expand the understanding of the phylogeny, gene transfer history and biogeography of N4-like Rhodovirinae infecting marine Roseobacteraceae.
Development and Characterization of Metalloantibiotics for Pathogen Removal from Water: Insights from Antibacterial and Antiviral Activities
Authors: Hassan Safaa , Mohamed Eman , Maged Kirolos , Hassan Salma , Omran Alaa , Nasr Shahinda , Reda Salma , Nabil Poula , George Andrew , Shoukry Mohamed , Aly Samar , Saleh Aml
Published: December 2024

Background
In recent efforts to address the critical need for clean and portable water, we have focused on innovative methods to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms. To this aim, the Glycyl-L-leucine peptide ligand was complexed with different transition metal ions [Cu(II), Ni(II), and Cd(II)]. The compounds were characterized and examined using various analytical methods, including elemental analysis (CHN), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and assessments of magnetic properties, molar conductivity, and thermogravimetric analysis. An N2O2 arrangement of ligand atoms coordinated all metals. The coordination sites were completed with a carbonyl oxygen atom and a water molecule. The complexes showed polymeric structures using bridging carboxylate groups.
Results
Their antibacterial properties were screened using disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentrations techniques against the identified bacterial organisms from the water samples collected along the Nile River. Cu(II)-chelate showed the best results for our investigation. The docking results supported and displayed that Cu(II)-chelate exhibited the minimum binding energy as compared to Ni(II), Cd(II), and free peptide which is in agreement with antibacterial results.
Conclusions
our study successfully demonstrated the potential of Glycyl-L-leucine peptide ligands complexed with transition metal ions, particularly Cu(II), in eliminating pathogenic microorganisms from water. Cu(II)-chelate exhibited superior antibacterial properties, as confirmed by both experimental and molecular docking results. This compound not only showed the lowest binding energy but also proved to be the most effective against bacterial and viral targets. These findings highlight the promising application of Cu(II)-chelate in developing advanced water purification systems.
Enhancing the volatile compounds and sensory profile of Nebbiolo wines through wood formats alternative to traditional barrels
Authors: Asproudi Andriani , Barera Silvia Raffaela , Panero Loretta Maria , Cravero Maria Carla , Bonello Federica , Mulinazzi Walter , Castagna Matteo , Copart Antoine , Piano Federico , Petrozziello Maurizio
Published: December 2024

In winemaking, wood products alternative to barrels are used to achieve various oenological goals, including rapid release of desirable volatile and polyphenolic compounds, color stabilization, and economic benefits. In this research study, oak wood formats (staves, cubes, and chips) were added to red Nebbiolo wines at two vinification stages: during and after alcoholic fermentation. Aromatic composition was analyzed at racking off, after three and seven months of aging. Samples were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). After seven months, a trained panel assessed the sensory profiles of the wines who varied significantly based on the timing of wood addition and the type of wood used. Higher levels of vanillin and furan compounds were found in wines with wood added after fermentation and in those treated with staves. Wines treated with cubes had elevated benzoic aldehyde levels, while those with chips showed higher levels of whisky lactone, a key molecule for "boisé" notes. Sensory analysis revealed greater intensity of vanilla and oak wood descriptors in wines treated with cubes and chips. Cubes particularly enhanced spicy aromas like cloves and pepper, offering a more balanced aroma and sensory profile compared to staves and chips.
Treatment of Wastewater from Methylene Blue Dye and E. Coli Bacteria by High-Performance Fe 3 O 4 /rGO/TiO 2 Nanocatalyst
Authors: Sanjari Mahjube , Molaei Mehdi , Seifi Akram , Iranmanesh Parvaneh , Farahmandzadeh Farzad
Published: December 2024

The photocatalysis-based technology has an insight into decreasing the disadvantages of those traditional approaches and is identified as an appropriate way to eliminate dyes and bacteria from wastewater. In this work, Fe3O4/rGO/TiO2 photocatalyst material was synthesized by a simple and fast hydrothermal method. The photocatalyst process results showed that Fe3O4/rGO/TiO2 nanocomposite degraded methylene blue dye completely in 4 min. Also, Fe3O4/rGO/TiO2 nanocomposite was very efficient (4.92 log reduction value) for E. Coli bacteria inactivation in 60 min photocatalyst process. The superparamagnetic behavior of Fe3O4/rGO/TiO2 nanocomposite was investigated by VSM analysis which gives simple and fast separation from media to Fe3O4/rGO/TiO2 nanocatalyst. The structural and morphology properties of Fe3O4/rGO/TiO2 nanocomposite were studied by XRD, Raman, FT-IR, EDS, FESEM, and TEM analysis. The obtained results confirmed that Fe3O4/rGO/TiO2 nanocomposite is an efficient nanocatalyst for MB dye removal and water disinfection.
H2-driven xylitol production in Cupriavidus necator H16
Authors: Jämsä Tytti , Claassens Nico J. , Salusjärvi Laura , Nyyssölä Antti
Published: December 2024

Background: Biocatalysis offers a potentially greener alternative to chemical processes. For biocatalytic systems requiring cofactor recycling, hydrogen emerges as an attractive reducing agent. Hydrogen is attractive because all the electrons can be fully transferred to the product, and it can be efficiently produced from water using renewable electricity. In this article, resting cells of Cupriavidus necator H16 harboring a NAD-dependent hydrogenase were employed for cofactor recycling to reduce D-xylose to xylitol, a commonly used sweetener. To enable this bioconversion, D-xylose reductase from Scheffersomyces stipitis was heterologously expressed in C. necator.
Results: D-xylose reductase was successfully expressed in C. necator, enabling complete bioconversion of 30 g/L of D-xylose into xylitol within 7 days using resting cells. It was found that over 90% of the energy and protons derived from hydrogen were spent for the bioconversion, demonstrating the efficiency of the system. The highest xylitol productivity reached was 0.7 g L-1 h-1. Additionally, the same chassis efficiently produced L-arabitol and D-ribitol from L-arabinose and D-ribose, respectively.
Conclusions: This study highlights the efficient utilization of renewable hydrogen as a reducing agent to power cofactor recycling. Hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria, such as C. necator, can be promising hosts for performing hydrogen-driven biocatalysis.
Synthesis and characterization of block-graft terpolymer by reversible addition/fragmentation chain transfer and ring-opening polymerization and grafting to "click" chemistry
Authors: Göktaş Melahat , Aykaç Cengiz
Published: December 2024

In this contribution, well-known poly(ԑ-caprolactone-b-4-vinylbenzyl-g-ethyleneglycol) [poly(ԑ-CL-b-VB-g-EG)] block-graft terpolymer was prepared via reversible addition/fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT), ring-opening polymerization (ROP) and “click” chemistry methods. For this purpose; in the first part, a RAFT-ROP agent was obtained by the reaction of 3-chloro-1-propanol and ethylxanthic acid potassium. In the second part, poly(ԑ-caprolactone-b-4-vinyl benzyl chloride) [poly(ԑ-CL-b-VBC)] block copolymer was prepared by RAFT polymerization of 4-vinyl benzyl chloride, and ROP of ԑ-caprolactone using synthesized a RAFT-ROP agent in the one-step. In the third part, poly(ԑ-caprolactone-b-4-vinyl benzyl chloride-N3) [poly(ԑ-CL-b-VB-N3)] was obtained by reaction of the poly(ԑ-CL-b-VBC) block copolymer and NaN3. On the other hand, alkyne-terminated PEG (PEG-propargyl) was acquired via the reaction of polyethylene glycol (PEG-3000) with propargyl chloride. Finally, poly(ԑ-CL-b-VB-g-EG) block-graft terpolymer was prepared from the reaction PEG-propargyl and poly(ԑ-CL-b-VB-N3) via the grafting to "click" chemistry method. The structure of the final products was characterized by instruments such as GPC, 1H-NMR, FT-IR, TGA, DSC and SEM.
Ferrotoroidicity in Cs2FeCl5·D2O
Authors: Rodriguez-Velamazan J. Alberto , Fabelo Oscar , Qureshi Navid
Published: December 2024

The promise of antiferromagnetic spintronics largely relies on the possibilities of electrical manipulation of antiferromagnetic states, which requires the exploration of innovative material platforms to meet the challenge. Erythrosiderite-type compounds constitute a class of non-oxide materials presenting magneto-electric couplings ranging from multiferroicity to linear magneto-electric behaviour. In this communication, we demonstrate that Cs2[FeCl5(D2O)] shows evidence of another ferroic order, ferrotoroidicity, providing an alternative way of manipulating the magnetic states. The magnetic structure of this compound (a collinear antiferromagnet with moments along b) allows a toroidal moment in the ac-plane. We have used spherical neutron polarimetry on a single crystal of Cs2[FeCl5(D2O)] cooled in different configurations of applied electric (E) and magnetic (H) fields to show that the toroidal domains can be selected by a conjugate field (ExH) coupling with the c-component of the toroidal moment. The extraordinary sensitivity of spherical neutron polarimetry allows detecting and quantifying this toroidal domain selection.
Effectiveness of a Super-Oxidized Solution for Decontaminating ACL Grafts: A Prospective Study on Bacterial Contamination and Antibiotic Susceptibility
Authors: Lesman Jędrzej , Nowak Krzysztof , Poszepczyński Jan , Compagnioni Riccardo , Randelli Pietro , Domżalski Marcin
Published: December 2024

Background
Accidental contamination of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) grafts during surgery is a relatively unexplored issue. This study aims to evaluate bacterial contamination in ACL grafts and the effectiveness of Microdacyn® in reducing contamination. The species of bacteria present on contaminated grafts and their antibiotic susceptibility were also analyzed.
Methods
A total of 70 patients undergoing ACL reconstruction between 2019 and 2022 were included. Patients with prior knee surgery or immunodeficiency were excluded. Grafts were divided into three groups: (1) control (kept sterile), (2) contaminated (dropped on the operating room floor), and (3) rinsed (dropped and then decontaminated in Microdacyn®). Bacteriological examination and drug sensitivity tests were performed on all grafts. Statistical analysis was conducted using chi-square tests.
Results
Grafts dropped on the floor showed a 74.3% (52 out of 70) contamination rate, with Staphylococcus epidermidis being the most commonly observed bacteria. After decontamination with Microdacyn®, 65.7% (46 out of 70) of the grafts were found sterile. The most sensitive antibiotics were vancomycin, gentamicin, and meropenem (100% effectiveness), while trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole and ceftazidime were 97% effective.
Conclusions
While Microdacyn® reduced bacterial contamination, a significant portion of grafts remained contaminated, indicating that it is not fully effective. However, the bacteria found on the grafts showed high susceptibility to simple and inexpensive antibiotics, which did not contribute to increased resistance. Further studies exploring alternative decontamination methods are recommended to reduce the risk of complications from graft contamination during ACL reconstruction.
Level of evidence: II
Early Postoperative Bevacizumab for Preventing Neovascular Glaucoma in Phacovitrectomy for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Hwang Sunjin , Hong Eun Hee , Kang Min Ho , Shin Yong Un
Published: December 2024

Purpose
To evaluate the effectiveness of postoperative intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) in preventing neovascular glaucoma (NVG) and identify associated risk factors in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) undergoing phacovitrectomy.
Methods
Patients with PDR who underwent phacovitrectomy were enrolled and categorized into two subgroups based on their postoperative treatment regimen: one group received IVB within 2 months following phacovitrectomy (Group 1); the other did not receive IVB during this period (Group 2). A comparative analysis evaluated the distinguishing characteristics of the two groups after 1:1 propensity score matching. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was utilized to determine the incidence of NVG after phacovitrectomy. Multivariate analysis with the Cox proportional hazards model identified risk factors associated with NVG postphacovitrectomy.
Results
A total of 220 eyes of 220 patients were investigated in this study. NVG developed in 29 eyes (13.18%). The probabilities of NVG occurrence at 6, 12, and 24 months following phacovitrectomy were 2.72%, 5.45%, and 13.18%, respectively. When comparing Groups 1 (n = 58) and 2 (n = 58), a significant difference was observed in the occurrence of NVG (P < 0.001). In Group 1, only two cases of NVG (3.44%) were noted, whereas all other NVG cases occurred in Group 2 (16.67%). Male sex and high preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) were associated with NVG occurrence following phacovitrectomy, and the administration of IVB within 2 months postphacovitrectomy demonstrated efficacy in preventing the development of NVG.
Conclusion
Male sex and high preoperative IOP were associated with a higher incidence of NVG, and postoperative IVB had a protective effect against NVG occurrence.
Melanophore and fluoroleucophore synergistically photo-protect the Arabian killifish, Aphanius dispar, embryo from ultraviolet light
Authors: Alenize Maryam , Minhas Rashid , Kudoh Tetsuhiro
Published: December 2024

Pigment cells in fish species play crucial roles in forming colour patterns of each species and other physiological characteristics including photoprotection. Research on photoprotection by pigment cells in animals has primarily concentrated on black pigment cells, known as melanophores. However, the roles of other pigment cells and their synergistic effects on UV protection remain poorly understood. In this study, we use the Arabian killifish embryos as a model for studying the mechanisms of UV protection by different pigment cells. This species features highly fluorescent pigment cells called fluoroleucophores and black pigment cells known as melanophores. The fluorescent pigments and black melanin pigments are generated by genes gch (GTP cyclohydrolase) and tyr (tyrosinase) respectively. We generated gch(-/-) and gch/tyr(-/-) double mutant lines using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing and examined the UV sensitivity of these mutant embryos. Both morphology and gene expression data revealed that the gch/tyr(-/-) double mutant line exhibited the highest UV sensitivity, and the gch(-/-) line also demonstrated a greater stress response compared to wild type (WT). From the study, we have identified the synergistic role of black and fluorescent pigment cells in providing effective UV protection from the early stages of embryonic development.
Application of BOPPPS and Flipped Classroom Joint Teaching Model into Clinical Practice Ability of Obstetrics and Gynecology Residents in Standardized Training
Authors: Wei Linna , Yu Xinyang , Wang Yiming , Shan Nan
Published: December 2024

Background/Aim To explore how a teaching model that integrates bridge-in, objective/outcome, pre-assessment, participatory learning, post-assessment, and summary (the BOPPPS model) and flipped classroom teaching will affect the clinical practice abilities of obstetrics and gynecology residents in standardized training. Methods Seventy standardized training residents from the obstetrics and gynecology training base of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from June 2023 to June 2024 were selected as research subjects. They were randomly and equally divided into an experimental group (adopting the BOPPPS model combined with the flipped classroom approach) and a control group (adopting traditional teaching methods). The effectiveness of the teaching model was assessed by comparing the performances of the two groups in clinical practice ability simulation assessments, clinical thinking ability, self-directed learning ability, and satisfaction with the teaching methods.
Results The experimental group was scored significantly higher than the control group in patient reception, clinical thinking assessment, and practical skill assessment. The experimental group significantly outperformed the control group in clinical thinking ability scores, self-directed learning ability scores, and overall scores. The experimental group showed significantly higher satisfaction with the BOPPPS and flipped classroom teaching combined model in enhancing self-directed learning ability, learning interest, practical operation levels, teamwork, comprehensive quality, and doctor-patient communication skills, and in cultivating clinical thinking ability.
Conclusions The BOPPPS combined with flipped classroom teaching in standardized training can effectively improve the assessment scores, clinical thinking and self-directed learning abilities of obstetrics and gynecology residents, stimulate their initiative and enthusiasm for learning, meet their teaching needs, and thus enhance teaching quality and assessment passing rates.
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Recombinant Human Interferon Alfa-2b Vaginal Suppository after Process Change in Chinese Rhesus Macaque
Authors: Zhang Xueyan , Zhou Baisong , Gong Yihan , Liu Yulin
Published: December 2024

Introduction：Recombinant human interferon Alfa-2b vaginal suppository is a gynecological preparation mainly made of interferon, commonly used to treat diseases related to viral infections such as cervical erosion. As a recombinant protein drug, it is important to pay attention to the possibility of modifications that may lower the quality of the drug during the production process.
Purpose：The aim of this study is to evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) characteristics of this product in Chinese rhesus macaque after purification process changes, and to demonstrate that there is no difference in the biological activity of recombinant human interferon Alfa-2b vaginal suppository stock solution before and after process changes.
Methods：There are 12 test animals: Chinese rhesus macaques who received a two-group crossover design and were subcutaneously injected with the same active dose of 500,000 IU/kg around the navel in the abdomen.
Results：According to maximum concentration (Cmax) and time of maximum concentration (Tmax) within non-parametric test (P>0.05), geometric mean ratio of PK parameter Cmax for the drugs after purification process changes (sample S) compared to the before purification process changes one (sample R) was 97.09%, with a 90% confidence interval (CI) of 87.39% to 107.87%. The geometric mean ratio Cmax of serum Beta2-microglobulin (PDmax) for PD index is 100.07%, with a 90% CI of 97.16% to 103.07%; Geometric mean ratio of AUEC0-t is 98.91%, with a 90% CI of 96.53% to 101.34%. The geometric mean of the PD index, neopterin PDmax, is 97.75%, with a 90% CI of 92.53% to 103.25%; Geometric mean of AUEC0-t is 105.59%, with a 90% CI ranging from 97.22% to 114.68%. The important parameters of PK/PD meet the equivalence requirements, and biological activity of the recombinant human interferon Alfa-2b vaginal suppository stock solution after purification process change is no different from before the change. Under the same active dose administration conditions, the same biological effects were produced, achieving the same effect as before the change.
Enhancing the Therapeutic Efficacy of silibinin via Silica-Coated magnetic Nanocomposite against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates and HepG2 cancer cells Running title: Potential therapeutic properties of silibinin
Authors: Borji Sanaz , Shahriarinour Mahdi , Shariati Shahab , Ranji Najmeh , Nikpassand Mohammad
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Silibinin is a notable component extracted from Silybum marianum with antioxidant, antitumor, hepatoprotective, and antibacterial activities. This study aims to enhance the delivery of silibinin by synthesizing magnetic nanocomposites (MNCs) to address its poor solubility in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa and HepG2 cancer cells.
Methods: The physicochemical characterization of Fe3O4@SiPr@Silibinin nanocomposites was thoroughly measured via FT-IR, TGA-DTG, TEM, FE-SEM, XRD, and VSM. Clinical isolates and standard strain of P. aeruginosa were treated with Fe3O4@SiPr@Silibinin (sub-MIC) in combination with ciprofloxacin (sub-MIC) compared to treatment with sub-MIC of ciprofloxacin alone. Additionally, the anticancer effects of Fe3O4@SiPr@Silibinin were assessed on HepG2 cells.
Results: The nanocomposites had particle sizes ranging from 40 to 80 nm and significantly enhanced the antimicrobial effects of ciprofloxacin when used in combination. The Fe3O4@SiPr@Silibinin + ciprofloxacin treatment resulted in decreased expression of biofilm and efflux pump genes compared to ciprofloxacin treatment alone. Fe3O4@SiPr@Silibinin (IC50=35.79 µg/mL) also demonstrated anti-cancer activity against HepG2 cells. In Silibinin treated HepG2 cells, overexpression of the P53 gene and under-expression of the Bcl2 gene were observed.
Discussion: Our anulysis suggests that Fe3O4@SiPr@Silibinin MNCs, with high stablilty and high solublity in water, can more efficiently transfer silibinin into pathogenic and tumorigenic cells, thus increasing its therapeutic functions against P. aeruginosa and HepG2 cells. Given the antimicrobial and anti-tumor properties of silibinin, these magnetic nanocarriers may represent a novel strategy for its targeted delivery.
Novel antioxidant peptides from tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.): Isolation, characterization, and cytoprotective functions on HepG2 and Caco-2 cells
Authors: Quan Yu , Chen Lin , Fan Meiqi , Zhao Xia , Hao Jianxiong
Published: December 2024

The antioxidant activity of the peptides from tiger nut was investigated for the first time. The tiger nut peptides (TNP) were found to perform excellent antioxidant activity supported by their chemical and cell antioxidant behaviors, amino acid composition, and morphological observation. Higher 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power were observed in the TNP with more hydrophobic amino acids compared with traditional soybean and peanut peptides. Furthermore, the peptides from tiger nut could effectively protect H2O2-induced HepG2 and Caco-2 cells from oxidative damage by enhancing endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities and reducing oxidative stress levels, especially the T3 peptides purified from the fraction less than 1 kD molecular weight. And increased catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities, while high intracellular reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde inhibition occurred. This study could provide a new strategy for the development of promising antioxidant peptides for food applications.
Association Between Obesity, Physical Activity and Falls Among Older Patients Attending the Family Medicine Clinics of a Teaching Hospital in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Oseni Tijani Idris Ahmad , Ibharokhonre Abel Onons , Olawumi AbdulGafar Lekan , Iyalomhe Esiemokhai Samuel , Adebayo Caleb Udukhomoshi , Adewuyi Bolanle Oluwatoyin , Fuh Francis Neba
Published: December 2024

Background
Falls are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among older adults, often resulting in injury, disability, and loss of independence. Obesity and physical inactivity are believed to impact the risk of falls among older adults, yet the relationship remains poorly understood, especially in Nigeria. This study aimed to evaluate the association between obesity, physical activity, and falls among older patients attending the Family Medicine Clinic of Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital (ISTH), Edo State, Nigeria.
Methods
Using a cross-sectional design, 288 older patients were systematically sampled. Data collection included socio-demographic information, fall history, physical examination, and anthropometric measurements, using body mass index (BMI) and physical activity using World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Chi square test and logistic regression analysis were used to determine associations between variables. Level of significance was set at P value < 0.05%.
Result
Among participants, 25.9% reported at least one fall in the previous year. Obesity prevalence was 14.4%, with 77.5% of obese participants reporting falls compared to 17.2% among non-obese participants (p < 0.0001). Physical inactivity was also associated with increased fall risk, though this was not statistically significant. Logistic regression analysis revealed that obese participants had a significantly higher risk of falling (adjusted odds ratio [aOR = 16.55; 95%CI = 7.33–37.38), while physical inactivity showed no significant association with falls (aOR = 0.52; p = 0.297).
Conclusion
Obesity appears to be a strong predictor of fall risk among elderly individuals. There is need for incorporating weight reduction and physical activity programs into the older people’s care to mitigate fall risk. Further research, particularly interventional studies, is recommended to establish effective preventive measures tailored to the older populations.
Clinical trial number: Not applicable
Fibrinolytic Enzyme from The Endophytic Bacillus subtilis InaCC-B1658 Isolated from Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Leaves
Authors: Hastuty Aerma , Hidayat Iman , Bowolaksono Anom , Indriawati Indriawati , Sufiandi Sandi , Rahmani Nanik , Suhartono Maggy Thenawidjaya , Mangunwardoyo Wibowo
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to investigate the potential thrombolytic characteristics of the extracellular protease of endophytic Bacillus subtilis strain InaCC-B1658 isolated from papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.) and the gene structure of the fibrinolytic protein enzyme was predicted using the in-silico method. The enzyme exhibited optimum activity at 60°C and pH 10.0. The assay of metal ions and inhibitors on the fibrinolytic enzyme activity found that adding Cu2+ stimulated, while Mg2+ reduced the activity. PMSF and TPCK inhibited enzyme activity while adding EDTA and EGTA increased the activity. These suggest that the fibrinolytic enzymes belong to the serine protease group. The genomic sequence of B. subtilis strain InaCC-B1658 revealed 12 proteases/peptidases classified into four groups based on their cellular location, including three unknown proteases. Four of these genes encode proteins related to fibrinolytic enzyme activity: subtilisin E, cell wall-associated protease WprA, minor extracellular protease Vpr, and bacillopeptidase F, a serine protease. Based on physicochemical analysis, secondary structure prediction, and 3D structure prediction, the AprN, wprA, Vpr, and bpr protein genes from B. subtilis strain InaCC-B1658 are predicted to be thermostable. The protein has a strong reaction with water and is hydrophilic. It has stable properties, more flexible hydrophobic amino acids like glycine and proline, and a lot of enzyme activity when Cu2+ ions are present. It is new information on endophytic bacteria from papaya leaves as an alternative thrombolytic agent.
Serotonin Release Mediates Analgesia via Opioidergic System and Withdrawal Symptoms in Chronic Kratom Extract-Treated Mice
Authors: Indriani Dwi Wahyu , Rahmawati Siti Irma , Bayu Asep , Ahmadi Peni , Sari Anissa Nofita , Zuraida Zuraida , Dharmayanti Ni Luh Putu Indi , Putra Masteria Yunovilsa
Published: December 2024

Introduction
Kratom alleviates pain by activating mu-opioid receptors (MOR). MOR activation promotes serotonin release, resulting in analgesia. Serotonin is also known to interfere the effects of drug abuse. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of serotonin in the analgesic effects and withdrawal symptoms in mice treated with kratom.
Methods
The analgesic effect was assessed using hot-plate test. To induce withdrawal symptoms, mice received naloxone after being treated with kratom extracts for five days at increasing doses. Another group of morphine-dependent mice was treated with kratom extracts to ameliorate their withdrawal symptoms. A molecular docking study was conducted to investigate the predicted binding target of alkaloid kratom for increasing serotonin levels.
Results
Chronic administration of kratom alkaloid extract (20 mg/kg) produced analgesic effects comparable to morphine (10 mg/kg). In contrast, kratom crude extracts (10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg) demonstrated lower analgesia activity. This analgesic effect was caused by MOR activation, followed by decreased intracellular cAMP, and increased serotonin transmission. Repeated and increasing doses of crude or alkaloid extracts of kratom (8 mg/kg to 45 mg/kg) produced less severe withdrawal symptoms than morphine. Increased dopamine and serotonin levels contributed to the onset of withdrawal symptoms. In the morphine group, treatment with kratom extracts increased serotonin levels while lowering dopamine. Molecular docking result revealed that alkaloid kratom interacts more readily with enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase that catalyzes serotonin biosynthesis.
Conclusions
Kratom extracts have the potential to provide analgesic effects and withdrawal symptoms, both of which are mediated by elevated serotonin release.
Changing Relationship between the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and North Pacific Meridional Mode in a Warming Climate
Authors: Zhou Cong , Zhang Renhe , Wu Liguang
Published: December 2024

The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the North Pacific Meridional Mode (NPMM) are prominent climate modes in the North Pacific. Recent research has highlighted the influence of NPMM on PDO variability. However, how the relationship between these two modes will evolve from historical to future climates remains uncertain. This study investigates the evolving relationship between the NPMM and PDO under a warming climate. The shift in the NPMM-PDO relationship is attributed to changes in the NPMM and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) transition cycle. Results from the Community Earth System Model Version 2 large ensemble suggest that external forcing has played a key role in triggering these shifts. Additionally, our findings indicate that the influence of NPMM on PDO weakens in future climates due to altered tropical teleconnection patterns and enhanced NPMM intensity, which can further modify the PDO pattern, offering new insights into North Pacific climate variability projections.
Ship Detection Algorithm Based on Structural Reparameterize Dilated Large-Kernel Convolution and Spatial Selective Kernel Mechanism
Authors: Shi Yujing , Wang Haicheng , Li Shanqiang
Published: December 2024

In response to the issues of large target scale variations and complex background environments in ship detection, this paper presents a single-stage ship detection algorithm named DrbLSK, which is an improvement on YOLOv5. Firstly, to enhance the model's ability to model the context of targets with different scales, a kernel selection module is introduced into the backbone network. By dynamically selecting the receptive field, environmental interference is reduced. Simultaneously, the combination of large-kernel dilated convolution and structural reparameterization is employed to reduce model parameters and enhance the feature expression capability of the backbone network. Next, a decoupled detection head is utilized to alleviate the conflict between classification and regression tasks in the target detection task. Moreover, CIoU is used in the detection head to replace the original loss function, thereby accelerating the convergence of the network. Experimental results show that, on the ABOships dataset, the improved model reduces the number of parameters while increasing accuracy by 2.5\% compared to YOLOv5, with a mean average precision of 63.9.