bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A 0.064 mm2 16-Channels In-Pixel Neural Front-End With Improved System Common-Mode Rejection Exploiting a Current-Mode Summing Approach
Authors: Nicolini Giovanni , Fava Alessandro , Centurelli Francesco , Scotti Giuseppe
Published: June 2024

In this work, we introduce the design a 16-channel in-pixel neural analog front-end which employs a current-based summing approach to establish a common-mode feedback loop. The primary aim of this novel structure is to enhance both the system common-mode rejection ratio (SCMRR) and the common-mode interference (CMI) range. Compared to more conventional designs, the hereby proposed front-end utilizes DC-coupled inverter-based main amplifiers, which significantly reduce the occupied on-chip area. Additionally, the current-based implementation of the CMFB loop obviates the need for voltage buffers, replacing them with simple common-gate transistors and in turn decreasing both area occupancy and power consumption. The proposed architecture is further examined from an analytical standpoint, providing a comprehensive evaluation through design equations of its performance in terms of gain, common-mode rejection and noise power. A 50μm×65μm compact layout of the pixel amplifiers that make up the recording channels of the front-end was designd in a 180 nm CMOS process. Simulations conducted in Cadence Virtuoso reveal an SCMRR of 80.5 dB and a PSRR of 72.58 dB, with a differential gain of 44 dB and a bandwidth that fully encompasses the frequency range of the bio-signals that can be theoretically captured by the neural probe. The noise integrated in the range between 1 Hz and 7.5 kHz results in an IRN of 4.04 μVrms. Power consumption is also tested, with a measured value of 3.77 μW per channel, corresponding to an overall consumpution of about 60 μW. To test its robustness with respect to PVT and mismatch variations, the front-end is evaluated by means of extensive parametric simulations and Monte Carlo simulations, revealing favorable results.
Computational Fluid-Structure Interaction in Microfluidics
Authors: Musharaf Hafiz Muhammad , Roshan Uditha , Mudugamuwa Amith , Trinh Quang Thang , Zhang Jun , Nguyen Nam-Trung
Published: June 2024

Micro elastofluidics is a transformative branch of microfluidics, leveraging fluid-structure interaction (FSI) at the microscale to enhance the functionality and efficiency of various microdevices. This review paper elucidates the critical role of advanced computational FSI methods in the field of micro elastofluidics. By focusing on the interplay between fluid mechanics and structural responses, these computational methods facilitate the intricate design and optimisation of microdevices such as microvalves, micropumps, and micromixers, which rely on the precise control of fluidic and structural dynamics. In addition, these computational tools extend to the development of biomedical devices, enabling precise particle manipulation and enhancing therapeutic outcomes in cardiovascular applications. Furthermore, this paper addresses the current challenges in computational FSI and highlights the necessity for further development of tools to tackle complex, time-dependent models under microfluidic environments and varying conditions. Our review highlights the expanding potential of FSI in micro elastofluidics, offering a roadmap for future research and development in this promising area.
Neurological and Psychiatric Illness amongst Beggars: A Critical Appraisal of Indian Scienario
Authors: Dubey Souvik , Das Shambaditya , Ghosh Ritwik , Dubey Mahua , Pandit Alak
Published: June 2024

Poverty has long been associated intricately with neurological disorders. Majority of the previous studies designed to describe the effects of poverty on neurological ailments have mostly linked the association of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and nutritional deficiency disorders with poverty. Authors herein try to delve deeper into this issue. The association of begging with neuropsychiatric disorders is robust. The burden of probable autosomal dominant neurological ailments is very common among beggars; followed by neurological disorders with social stigma like abnormal movements, facial dysmorphism and gait unsteadiness. Dearth of support from family members in autosomal dominant neurological disorders (as family members are likely to be suffering from similar neurodegenerative disorder ) and poor perception about neurological diseases, misconceptions, myths and low educational attainment at large in the society can be implicated as the often overlooked but important factors underneath this association of begging and neurological disorders.
Empowering Healthcare in Rural Areas: The Transformative Role of Regional Development as a Pathway to Territorial Equity
Authors: Simoneau Christian
Published: June 2024

Objective: This study aims to establish a link between primary healthcare service accessibility among rural populations and the principle of territorial equity, a pivotal aspect of regional development strategies. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive analysis of primary healthcare service accessibility in rural Quebec, integrating theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence on territorial, regional, and community development. Through this approach, we sought to comprehend the nuanced dynamics and mechanisms contributing to territorial equity enhancement. Results: Our findings indicate that refining developmental strategies through community-driven approaches and regional initiatives can foster territorial equity. Moreover, employing sophisticated methodologies to measure primary healthcare service accessibility can promote territorial equity, emphasizing community development. Conclusion: Enhancing access to primary healthcare services and employing advanced assessment methodologies are essential for advancing territorial equity and supporting regional development initiatives. This underscores the critical importance of prioritizing healthcare accessibility in rural areas to achieve equitable development outcomes.
The Statistics of q-Statistics
Authors: Eroglu Deniz , Boghosian Bruce M. , Borges Ernesto P. , Tirnakli Ugur
Published: June 2024

Almost two decades ago, Ernesto P. Borges and Bruce M. Boghosian embarked on the intricate task of composing a manuscript to honor the profound contributions of Constantino Tsallis to the realm of statistical physics, coupled with a concise exploration of q-Statistics. Fast forward to Constantino Tsallis’ illustrious 80th birthday celebration in 2023, where Deniz Eroglu and Ugur Tirnakli delved into Constantino’s collaborative network, injecting renewed vitality into the project. With hearts brimming with appreciation for Tsallis’ enduring inspiration, Eroglu, Boghosian, Borges and Tirnakli proudly present this meticulously crafted manuscript as a token of their gratitude.
A Modeling Framework for the Thermoforming of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites
Authors: Tan Long Bin , Teo Wern Sze , Cheah Yi Wen , Narayanaswamy Sridhar
Published: June 2024

A comprehensive modeling framework for the thermoforming of polymer matrix woven laminate composite was developed. Two numerical indicators, the slip path length and traction magnitude, have been identified to be positively correlated to matrix smearing and wrinkling defects. The material model has been calibrated with picture-frame experimental results, and the prediction accuracy for intra-ply shear and thickness distribution were examined with measurements on the physically formed parts. Finally, a parametric study was conducted to determine the relationship between various process parameters and the quality of the formed part. For the trapezoidal part, orienting the laminate at 45-degrees to the mold axis reduces the likelihood of matrix smear and wrinkling defects. Although this laminate orientation yielded a greater spatial variation of part thickness, the thickness deviation is lower than that for the 0-degree orientation case. Higher forming rates were found to result in more defects due to increased slip path lengths and traction magnitudes. Optimal forming speeds should balance rapid shaping within the operating temperature window while avoiding tear. It was discovered that shallower molds benefit from faster ramp rates, while deeper molds require slower rates to manage extensive shearing, stretching, and bending. Faster forming rates lead to smaller thickness increases at high intra-ply shear regions, indicating a shift from intra-ply shear to out-of-plane bending due to the visco-plastic effect of the molten laminate, and can negatively impact part quality. Lastly, it was shown that a well-conceived strategy using darts could improve the part quality by reducing the magnitude of the defect indicators.
Adaptive Variable Design Algorithm for Improving Topology Optimization in Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Vadillo Morillas Abraham , Meneses Alonso Jesús , Bustos Caballero Alejandro , Castejon Sisamón Cristina , Ceruti Alessandro
Published: June 2024

CAD-CAE software companies have introduced numerous tools aimed at facilitating topology optimization through Finite Element Simulation, thereby enhancing accessibility for designers via user-friendly interfaces. However, the imposition of intricate constraint conditions or additional restrictions during calculations may introduce instability into the resultant outcomes. In this paper, an algorithm for updating the design variables called Adaptive Variable Design is proposed to keep the final design space volume of the optimized part always under the target value while giving the main algorithm multiple chances to update the optimization parameters and search for a valid design. This algorithm aims to producing results that are more conducive to manufacturability and potentially more straightforward in interpretation. A comparison between several commercial software and the proposed algorithm, implemented in MATLAB, is carried out to prove the robustness of the latter. By simulating identical parts under similar conditions, we seek to generate comparable results and underscore the advantages stemming from the adoption and comprehension of the proposed topology optimization methodology. Our findings reveal that the integrated enhancements within MATLAB pertaining to the topology optimization process yield favourable outcomes with respect to discretization, and the manufacturability of resultant geometries. Furthermore, we assert that the methodology evaluated within MATLAB holds promise for potential integration into commercial packages, thereby enhancing the efficiency of topology optimization processes.
High Definition Dynamic Voltage Restorer System Using Equivalent Time Sampling Techniques and Circular Structural Memory Filters
Authors: Ko Jae-ha
Published: June 2024

Due to advances in power electronics technology and the evolution of automation devices, the number of electrical devices that are sensitive to power quality is rapidly increasing, and for this reason, users are increasing their demand for high quality. To meet power quality demands, many power conversion devices are used, including dynamic voltage restorers (DVRs). DVRs are rec-ognized as devices that can effectively manage problems such as voltage segment, swells, and harmonics. DVR control requires many samples for harmonic compensation, which has the dis-advantage of being complicated to implement due to fast digital signal processing computation and the application of the cyclic discrete Fourier transform. In this paper, a high-precision DVR system configuration is proposed that compensates for harmonics using a periodically equivalent time-interval sampling technique and a novel circular structured memory filter. The proposed circular structured multi-pointer memory filter is an effective filter algorithm for high-precision input voltage measurement because it can remove noise and compensate for the delay of the phase angle of the filter in voltage measurement. A simulation and DVR prototype system was built, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the phase angle multi-filter voltage detection method and the compensation method were verified by experiments.
Numerical Simulation and Bench Test of Crawler-Type Cotton Time-Delay Hole-Forming Device Based on RecurDyn-EDEM Coupling
Authors: Pan Feng , Chen Jincheng , Zhang Hualin , Wang Baiwei , Jiang Xizhen , Ji Chao
Published: June 2024

Addressing the significant challenge in high-speed cotton dibbling operations in Xinjiang—specifically, the duck bill’s ("Duck bill" is a type of duck-billed bunch planting mechanism or component). shortened opening duration leading to seed throwing and floating—a new crawler-type delayed hole-forming mechanism has been designed. This mechanism extends the duck bill horizontally, thereby prolonging its opening time, enabling cotton sowing speeds of up to 6 km/h. Following agronomic principles for cotton planting, the overall layout of the crawler-type hole-forming mechanism, the structural parameters of the key components and the trajectory of the hole-forming are determined. We use the Discrete Element Method (DEM) and multi-body dynamics coupling method to simulate and analyze the motion process of the device. The fixed the tilt angle of the duck bill α(A), the depth of the duck bill hole-forming into the soil h(B), and the angle of rotation of the moving duck bill β(C) were taken as the experimental factors, with the longitudinal length of cotton seed hole (Y1) and the hole-forming depth of cotton seed hole (Y2) as the response values. The parameter range of each factor and the preliminary influence on the response value were determined through pre-experiments and single-factor simulation test. Based on RecurDyn-EDEM coupling, a quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination simulation test was carried out. The results show that the order of the primary and secondary factors affecting the Y1 of the time-lapse hole-forming device was: A > C > B. The order of primary and secondary factors affecting the Y2 of the delayed hole forming device was: B > C > A. When the A was 2.4 °, the B was 42.4 mm, and the C was 30.5 °, the performance of the hole-forming was the best, and the Y1 was 26.4 mm, and the Y2 was 25.0 mm. The bench verification test results show that under the optimized combination of operating parameters, the average Y1 was 29.1 mm, and the average Y2 was 23.2 mm. Compared with the results of the previous coupled simulation model, the average relative errors of the two are 7.23 % and 4.36 %, respectively, indicating the accuracy and effectiveness of the established DEM simulation model and virtual test analysis. The hole-forming area and the opening time of the duck bill after the stable operation of the machine were recorded and measured. The calculated hole dislocation rate Hc was 4.33 %, which did not exceed the national standard requirement of 6 %. The qualified rate of hole distance Hx was 94.33 %, which was much higher than the national standard requirement of 80 %. The average opening time of the duck bill at a speed of 6 km/h is 0.45 s, which is much longer than the time required for cotton seeds to fall from the duck bill 0.11 s. It meets the requirements of high-speed cotton planting in China and facilitating advancements in future high-speed planter technology.
Detailed Profiling of the Tumor Microenvironment in Ethnic Breast Cancer, Using Tissue Microarrays and Multiplex Immunofluorescence
Authors: Zaakouk Mohamed , Longworth Aisling , Hunter Kelly , Jiman Suhaib , El-Deftar Mervat , Shaaban Abeer
Published: June 2024

Breast cancer poses a global health challenge, yet the influence of ethnicity on the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains understudied. In this investigation, we examined immune cell infiltration in 230 breast cancer samples, emphasizing diverse ethnic populations. Leveraging tissue microarrays (TMAs) and core samples, we applied multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) to dissect immune cell subtypes across TME regions. Our analysis revealed distinct immune cell distribution patterns, particularly enriched in aggressive molecular subtypes triple-negative and HER2-positive tumors. We observed significant correlations between immune cell abundance and key clinicopathological parameters, including tumor size, lymph node involvement, and patient overall survival. Notably, immune cell location within different TME regions showed varying correlations with clinicopathologic parameters. Additionally, ethnicities exhibited diverse distributions of cells, with certain ethnicities showing higher abundance compared to others. In TMA samples, patients of Chinese and Caribbean origin displayed significantly lower numbers of B cells, TAMs, and FOXP3-positive cells. These findings highlight the intricate interplay between immune cells and breast cancer progression, with implications for personalized treatment strategies. Moving forward, integrating advanced imaging techniques, and exploring immune cell heterogeneity in diverse ethnic cohorts can uncover novel immune signatures and guide tailored immunotherapeutic interventions, ultimately improving breast cancer management.
A Novel and Reliable Pixel Response Correction Method (DAC-Shifting) for Spectral Photon Counting CT Imaging
Authors: Bal Navrit Johan Singh , Chitra Ragupathy Imaiyan , Tramm Trine , Nijkamp Jasper
Published: June 2024

Spectral photon counting cone-beam CT imaging is challenged by individual pixel response behaviour, which leads to noisy projection images and subsequent image artefacts like rings. Existing methods to correct for this either use calibration measurements, like signal-to-thickness calibration (STC), or perform post-processing ring artefact correction of sinogram data or scan reconstructions, without taking the pixel response explicitly into account. Here we present a novel post-processing method (DAC-shifting), which explicitly measures the current pixel response using flat field images, and subsequently corrects the projection data. The DAC-shifting method was evaluated with a repeat series of spectral photon counting imaging (Medipix3) of a phantom with different density inserts, and in iodine K-edge imaging. The method was also compared against PMMA based STC. The DAC-shifting method was shown to be effective in correcting individual pixel response, and was robust against detector instability. On the contrary, STC correction showed varying results, which was almost as good as DAC-shifting when data was acquired just after STC calibration, but worse with larger time differences. In K-edge imaging, DAC-shifting provides a sharper attenuation peak, and more uniform CT values, which is expected to benefit iodine concentration quantification.
Leveraging Medical Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models for Enhanced Mental Disorder Information Extraction
Authors: Park Chaelim , Lee Hayoung , Jeong Okran
Published: June 2024

The accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of mental health disorders such as depression remain challenging owing to the complex underlying causes and varied symptomatology. Traditional information extraction methods struggle to adapt to evolving diagnostic criteria such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fifth edition (DSM-5) and to contextualize rich patient data effectively. This study proposes a novel approach for enhancing information extraction from mental health data by integrating medical knowledge graphs and large language models (LLMs). Our method leverages the structured organization of knowledge graphs specifically designed for the rich domain of mental health combined with the powerful predictive capabilities and zero-shot learning abilities of LLMs. This research enhances the quality of knowledge graphs through entity linking and demonstrates superiority over traditional information extraction techniques, making a significant contribution to the field of mental health. It enables a more fine-grained analysis of the data and the development of new applications. Our approach redefines the manner in which mental health data are extracted and utilized. By integrating these insights with existing healthcare applications, the groundwork is laid for the development of real-time patient monitoring systems. The performance evaluation of this knowledge graph highlights its effectiveness and reliability, indicating significant advancements in automating medical data processing and depression management.
GENETIC PREDICTORS OF SARCOIDOSIS COURSE IN RUSSIAN COHORT
Authors:   Pulmonology Scientific Research Institute under Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, Russia, BALIONIS OLGA I. , NIKITIN ALEXEY G. ,   Pulmonology Scientific Research Institute under Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, Russia, AVERYANOV ALEXANDER V. ,   Pulmonology Scientific Research Institute under Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, Russia
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Introduction. Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. Studies show that sarcoidosis might be the result of exposure to unidentified antigens in genetically susceptible individuals. Clinical manifestations of sarcoidosis are highly variable, and the disease course is unpredictable. The aim of the study was to identify the most significant genetic predictors related to disease course. Materials and methods. We performed a retrospective comparative study of patients with a favorable and unfavorable course of sarcoidosis. A total 100 patients (38 men and 62 women, mean age 50±13 years) with histologically confirmed sarcoidosis were included in the study. Results. 60 patients developed favorable course. 9 patients developed progressive disease course. 31 patients had relapses. We found out that carriage of the HLA-A*24:02, HLA-C*05:01, HLA-DRB1*12:01, HLA-DRB1*14:54, HLA-DQA1*01:04. HLA-DQB1*05:03, HLA-DPB1*105:01 alleles was associated with unfavorable prognosis. We also found that HLA-DQB1 NM_002123.5:c.703G>A p.Val235Ile, HLA-C NM_002117.6:c.895+37A>G, HLA-B NM_005514.8:c.620-40A>G, HLA-B NM_005514.8:c.344-10C>G, HLA DRB1-HLA-DQA1 n.32628264_32628265insAGA, CCR5 NM_000579.3:c.-448G>A genotypes are clinical negative prognostic factors. Conclusion. The detection of genetic predictors related to the sarcoidosis course may be helpful in personalized approach and appropriate treatment.
Experiential Marketing and Quality Drive Coffee Shop Loyalty in Indonesia
Authors: Kushenda Dimas Ardyadheva , Hariasi Misti
Published: June 2024

This study analyzes the effects of Experiential Marketing, Product Quality, and Service Quality on consumer loyalty at a coffee shop in Pandaan. Using an associative quantitative approach, data from 100 consumers were collected via questionnaires and processed with SPSS. Results indicate that all three factors positively and significantly impact consumer loyalty. These findings suggest that improving these aspects can enhance customer loyalty. The study fills a knowledge gap by providing empirical evidence on the importance of experiential marketing, product quality, and service quality in the coffee shop industry.
Highlight:
 

Experiential Marketing positively impacts consumer loyalty.
High product quality boosts customer retention.
Excellent service quality enhances repeat purchases.

 
Keywoard: Experiential Marketing, Product Quality, Service Quality, Consumer Loyalty, Coffee Shop
Incidence and Risk Factors of Infection during Induction Phase of Treatment without Preventive Antibiotics and Antifungal in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Retrospective Cohort Study from a Single Center in China
Authors: liu qinqin , Fu Jinqiu , Wang Tianjiao , Si Libo , Zhang Aijun
Published: June 2024

Background
Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are highly susceptible to infections due to active leukemia and chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression during the induction phase. Knowledge on the incidence, impact and outcome of infection in children during the induction phase of treatment without prophylactic antibiotics and antifungals is currently limited.
Methods
The clinical data of pediatric patients with newly diagnosed ALL at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2019 were reviewed and analyzed.
Results
Of the 377 children in the retrospective cohort, 237 developed 259 episodes of infections in different sites. The most common infections were respiratory tract infections followed by fever of unknown origin. A total of 65 microbial strains were detected, including 39 strains of Gram-positive (G+) bacteria, 17 strains of Gram-negative (G−) bacteria, five strains of fungi and four strains of viruses. Staphylococcus was the predominant genera of G+ bacteria, whereas Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the common genera of G− bacteria. There were significant differences between infection and time from symptom onset to diagnosis (≤ 15d or > 15d), duration of granular deficiency (≥ 15d or < 15d), and whether protective isolation was given in laminar beds (P < 0.05). Of the 237 episodes of infections, 45 patients had delayed CAM chemotherapy and seven patients died.
Conclusion
Abnormal bone marrow hematopoiesis and high incidences of infection, hemorrhage, and anemia were present in pediatric patients during the induction phase. In addition, infection-related morbidity, mortality, and chemotherapy delay remain clinically significant.
Morphometric Measurements of Intraoral Anatomy in Children with Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome: A Prospective Study and Novel Approach
Authors: Romeo Dominic J. , George Andrew M. , Sussman Jonathan H. , Banala Manisha , Wiemken Andrew , Wu Meagan , Ng Jinggang J. , Taylor Jesse A. , Schwab Richard J. , Cielo Christopher M. , Kalish Jennifer
Published: June 2024

Objectives
An easy-to-use tool to objectively measure intraoral anatomy with meaningful clinical correlations may improve care for patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), who commonly have symptomatic macroglossia. This study aims to address this gap by assessing correlations between tongue morphometrics and clinical characteristics including BWS clinical score, percentage mosaicism, BWS index of macroglossia (BIG) score, sleep apnea, and surgical incidence in patients with BWS.
Methods
Children aged 2–17 years with BWS were prospectively enrolled between 12/2021-01/2024. Digital intraoral photographs with a laser ruler were taken, and morphometric measurements were made using ImageJ software. Relationships between morphometrics and outcomes including BWS clinical score, percentage mosaicism, and incidence of tongue reduction surgery were examined using t-tests and multivariate linear models.
Results
Pharyngeal morphometric measurements were obtained in 49 patients with BWS. Mouth area, width, and height differed across BWS molecular subtypes (p < 0.05). Right-to-left tongue width (p = 0.022) and mouth width (p = 0.049) were larger in those with loss of methylation at imprinting control region 2 (IC2 LOM) than other BWS variants. Patients with paternal uniparental isodisomy of chromosome 11p15 (pUPD11) had narrower mouths than others (p = 0.040). Those with tongue reduction surgery had more tongue ridging than those without surgery (p < 0.01). There were correlations between mouth area and BWS clinical score (p = 0.046), tongue width and BWS clinical score (p = 0.040), and tongue length and percentage mosaicism (p = 0.012).
Conclusion
Intraoral morphometric measurements are associated with phenotypic burden in BWS. Tongue morphology varies across the BWS spectrum, with IC2 LOM having wider tongues and mouths, and pUPD11 having narrower mouths. Tongue ridging is more common in those selected for surgery. Intraoral morphometric measurements may be safely obtained at low costs across centers caring for children with BWS or others at risk of upper airway obstruction.
Ectoparasite-posed risk may affect the spatial organization of hibernating clusters of a social bat
Authors: Sándor Attila D , Péter Áron , Beke Boróka , Boldogh Sándor A , Bücs Szilárd Lehel , Hornok Sándor
Published: June 2024

Most Palearctic bats spend the winter in hibernation, with reduced metabolic rate (including body temperature, circulation, heart-rate, etc.), while descending into a motionless stasis. They select particular sites for roosting, sites which show similar characteristics independent of bat species or geographical location: thermally stable and inaccessible for predators. Bats balance between thermal eccentricities using different techniques, like clustering, moving to colder/warmer parts of the cave or arousal and active warm-up using muscle movement. Common bent-winged bats (Miniopterus schreibersii) hibernate in the same location throughout the winter, in large tight groups independent of thermal conditions. We hypothesize that this tight clustering behaviour is interrelated with parasite avoidance, i.e., bats try to reduce the individual risk of tick-parasitism, which is present only at the edge of the cluster. Analysing photos of bat groups in deep torpor, we sought for patterns in cluster formation and compared the distribution of tick-infested individuals in smaller and larger groups of bent-winged bats. Our results showed that there are significant differences in thermal conditions inside groups, with warmer central and colder border areas. The prevalence of tick-infested individuals was larger in smaller groups, than in larger ones, moreover these individuals were positioned close to the border of the cluster. While bats positioned close to the cluster’s edge have more stable and lower temperature conditions, they bear higher risk from ectoparasites. This leads to a trade-off between maintaining energetic balance vs. parasite-infestation risk. In conclusion, bent-winged bats that are clustering in large tight-knit groups, more effectively reduce the risk of tick infestation, even if this means a higher chance of thermal instability and arousal risk in the inner part of the roosting cluster.
Development of a nomogram that predicts the risk for lower-extremity lymphedema following lymphadenectomy in Gynecologic Cancer
Authors: Yin Ya-nan , Liu Yuan , Jiang Ni-Jie
Published: June 2024

Purpose
Lower-extremity lymphedema (LEL) is a chronic and paralyzing symptom, which influences patients’ quality of life and health. The objective of this study was to develop a nomogram risk warning model for predicting lymphedema in patients with gynecologic cancer.
Methods
This case-control study included 300 patients in southwest China. Twelve parameters were evaluated following forward stepwise logistic regression analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to develop a nomogram.
Results
A total of 261 female patients were eligible for this analysis. Four predictors (operation, deep venous thrombosis, number of lymph node dissection, and lymphocyst) were revealed associated with LEL. A nomogram was developed base on these four factors. The receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn according to the significant factors and the area under the curve was 0.757 (95%CI: 0.683–0.831), and the sensitivity and specificity were 71.1% and 68.1%, respectively.
Conclusions
Deep venous thrombosis, lymphatic cyst, the number of lymph node dissections ≥ 20, and laparoscopic surgery are independent risk factors for lower-extremity lymphedema in gynecologic cancer patients. A nomogram developed from the study using clinical information may be helpful for lymphedema screening and risk stratification, thus helping to reduce the incidence of lower-extremity lymphedema and maintain quality of life.
Temporal variations in the concentrations of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in ambient air at Da Nang airport, Vietnam, and health risk assessments
Authors: Sau Trinh Khac
Published: June 2024

Air pollution by polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins/polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorobiphenyls (dl-PCBs) in three residential areas north, west, and south of Da Nang airport, was determined by using passive air samplers containing polyurethane foam (PUF) discs with three-month sampling intervals from 2017 to 2020. The total toxic equivalents (∑TEQs) of the PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs, using WHO2005-TEFs, were highest north of the airport (134 to 10610 fg WHO-TEQ/PUF day with an average of 1108 fg WHO-TEQ/PUF day). ∑TEQs were lower west of the airport, between 159 and 381 fg WHO-TEQ/PUF day, and averaged 230 fg WHO-TEQ/PUF day. The lowest ∑TEQs were south of the airport, with a range of 76 and 331 fg WHO-TEQ/PUF day and an average of 152 fg WHO-TEQ/PUF day. Construction activities, including excavation and transportation of dioxin-contaminated soil north of the airport, have increased ambient air PCDD/F and dl-PCB contamination and health risks. The average daily dose values of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs through inhalation (ADDA) for residents north of the airport were the highest (10.9 to 3434 fg WHO-TEQ/kg BW/day and average: 597 fg WHO-TEQ/kg BW/day). Residents west of the airport faced lower health risks (13-123 fg WHO-TEQ/kg BW/day and average: 39 fg WHO-TEQ/kg BW/day). Residents south of the airport were exposed to a minimum of 6.2-107 fg WHO-TEQ/kg BW/day, with an average of 28 fg WHO-TEQ/kg BW/day. The maximum and average ADDA values for residents north of the airport exceeded 10% of the tolerable daily intake (TDI) recommended by the WHO (100-400 fg WHO-TEQ/kg BW/day). In comparison, all ADDA values for residents west and south of the airport were less than and within 10% of the TDI.
Effects of an online program about intimate and romantic relationships for people with mental disorders (AIRIKI): a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kusaka Momoko , Kageyama Masako , Yokoyama Keiko , Ichihashi Kayo , Hashimoto Ryota , Nishio Kazutaka , Solomon Phyllis
Published: June 2024

Background
The concept of recovery has become internationally widespread. To promote personal recovery of individuals with mental disorders, it is important that they live life on their own terms. Many people with mental disorders wish to build intimate relationships and marry. However, people with mental disorders face obstacles in building such relationships and communicating with their partners. The program AIRIKI, which means “power to love,” was developed to help people with mental disorders gain confidence in building intimate relationships. The AIRIKI pilot study with one-group pre post test showed positive effects on self-esteem, hope, and communication. Therefore, the purpose of the proposed randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to determine the effects of the videoconferencing program on self-esteem, hope, and self-confidence in communication among un-married people with mental disorders.
Methods
The proposed randomized controlled trial has two arms (intervention group and control group). After baseline questionnaire assessment, participants will be allocated randomly. Within two months of allocation, the intervention group will participate in videoconferences about intimate relationships and marriage with 2–5 participants and 3 facilitators, which will last 3 h, for two days. Three facilitators will support participants in each session. The intervention group will complete a questionnaire for outcome assessment at termination and one month after the program. The control group will complete the outcome questionnaire at one month after baseline and two months after baseline. The questionnaire will include the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), Herth Hope Index (HHI), and Self-confidence in Communication Scale (SCS). Control group members can participate in a videoconference program, which will be held separately from the intervention group, after completing their outcome assessments.
Discussion
This trial is the first randomized controlled trial of which we are aware to test the effects of an online program for un-married people with mental disorders to consider and discuss their romantic relationship and marriage. The results will provide information on the effectiveness of an online program for people with mental disorders to imagine their romantic relationships and marriages.
Trial registration
This trial has been registered with the UNIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000052027; 2023/08/28).
Association between cognitive function, antioxidants, and clinical variables in Chinese patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Li Dan , Huang Yuanyuan , Lu Hongxin , Zhou Sumiao , Feng Shixuan , Li Hehua , Li Xuejing , Guo Yi , Fu Chunlian , Chen Guiying , Ning Yuping , Wu Fengchun , Liu Lianqi
Published: June 2024

Objective
Cognitive dysfunction is a prevalent and intricate manifestation of schizophrenia (SCZ) that may be associated with distinct clinical factors and the presence of antioxidants, which relationship is unclear. The study aimed to investigate cognitive function and its influencing factors in Chinese patients with SCZ.
Methods
A group of 133 patients with SCZ and 120 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was utilized to evaluate cognitive ability, and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to assess clinical symptoms. Levels of plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD), serum albumin (ALB) and uric acid (UA) were assessed.
Results
Compared with HCs, patients with SCZ exhibited lower cognitive performance as indicated by MCCB scores, including the dimensions of speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, and visual learning. In the SCZ group, total PANSS scores were negatively associated with all MCCB dimensions (all p < 0.05), except for the attention/vigilance score. The PANSS-negative and PANSS-cognitive subscores were negatively associated with speed of processing, verbal learning, and visual learning scores (all p < 0.05). The PANSS-excited subscores showed a negative correlation with working memory and visual learning scores (all p < 0.05). ALB levels significantly decreased, and their UA and SOD levels were notably elevated compared to HCs (all p < 0.05). ALB levels and PANSS-negative factors were correlated with to speed of processing, working memory, and visual learning dimensions. SOD levels were independent contributors to the attention/vigilance dimension.
Conclusions
The cognitive function was decreased in SCZ. The degree of cognitive impairment was closely related to ALB, SOD levels and negative clinical symptoms.
Finite element analysis of intramedullary nails designed with new locking nail fixation for tibial fractures
Authors: Wu Jiang , Pan Mingmang , Huang Junchao , Xiao Haijun , Qi Shanhong
Published: June 2024

Objective: The potential instability of tibial fracture fixation with intramedullary nails due to gap coordination between locking nails and holes was investigated. The aim of this study was to explore a more stable and reliable internal fixation method using intramedullary nails designed with new locking mechanisms.
Methods: Tibial CT image data from a healthy female were obtained to create a tibial fracture model in the middle section using finite element digital technology. Subsequently, two different intramedullary nails were utilized for fixation. The experimental group employed intramedullary nails designed with new locking mechanisms, while the control group used conventional intramedullary nails. The specimens were subjected to axial loading of 2500 N, lateral bending of 1000 N, and rotational forces of 15 Nm. The maximum stress and displacement of the bone and internal fixation were recorded for both groups.
Results: Under an axial stress of 2500 N, the maximum stress on the internal fixation in the experimental group was 247.0 MPa, with the maximum displacement of the fracture end reaching 0.200 mm. In the control group, the maximum stress on the internal fixation was 434.9 MPa, and the maximum displacement of the fracture ends was 0.538 mm. For a lateral bending stress of 1000 N, the maximum stress on the internal fixation in the experimental group was 678.0 MPa, and the maximum displacement of the fracture end was 0.255 mm. In the control group, the maximum stress on the internal fixation was 413.7 MPa, and the maximum displacement of the fracture end was 0.826 mm. When subjected to a rotational stress of 15 Nm, the maximum stress on the internal fixation in the experimental group was 626.8 MPa, with the maximum displacement of the fracture end measuring 0.839 mm. In contrast, the control group exhibited a maximum stress of 289.1 MPa on the internal fixation, along with a maximum displacement of the fracture end of 1.802 mm.
Conclusion: Compared with traditional intramedullary nail designs, the new intramedullary nail design provides superior mechanical support for middle tibial fractures and offers more biomechanical advantages.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Toluene by Three-dimensional Monolithic TiO2/Cu2O Heterojunction Foams
Authors: Chen Simiao , Zhang Li , Melhi Saad , Alshammari Dalal A. , Amin Mohammed A. , Dai Li , Li Shijie , Yu Wei , Cui Liansheng
Published: June 2024

In the photocatalytic degradation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the powdered catalysts have insufficient contact with gas and are prone to detachment from the support. To address this challenge, we present a sacrificial template and in-situ growing approach to fabricate a three-dimensional (3D) monolithic photocatalyst. The design combines the n-type TiO2 and p-type Cu2O semiconductors using foamed copper as a substrate. The 3D monolithic TiO2/Cu2O heterojunction foam was used to evaluate its toluene removal efficiency under simulated sunlight and a 15 W UV disinfection lamp. The results show that the photocatalyst outperforms conventional TiO2 and Cu2O in toluene removal under both simulated sunlight and UV light. After 180 min of exposure to a 500 W Xe lamp, the TiO2/Cu2O foam achieved a removal rate of 90.2% for toluene. This performance improvement is attributed to the unique 3D open internal structure, which enhances the gas-solid mass transfer efficiency. In addition, the formation of p-n junctions between TiO2 and Cu2O prolongs the lifetime of the photogenerated carriers, resulting in higher catalyst activity. After four cycles of experiments, its degradation rate is 88.0%, indicating its stability. The degradation pathway, toxicity analysis and catalytic mechanism of the catalytic degradation of toluene by the TiO2/Cu2O foam were explored. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the feasibility of fabricating highly active monolithic catalysts by in-situ growing of semiconductor photocatalysts onto metal foams. This approach offers a promising solution to enhance reactant contact area and minimize mass transfer resistance in gas-solid reactions.
Clinical and genetic landscape of Bruck syndrome in the Indian population
Authors: Selina Agnes , Kandagaddala Madhavi , Danda Sumita , Madhuri Vrisha
Published: June 2024

Background
Bruck syndrome (BS) is a rare form of Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) with congenital large joint contractures and bone fragility fractures. Evaluation of phenotypic and genotypic profiles of 14 children with FKBP10 and PLOD2 gene variants causing Bruck syndrome (BS) and highlighting the severe deformities in response to poor surgical treatment in the Indian cohort.
Methods
Patients with bone fragility were clinically evaluated. After informed consent, genotyping was done by next-generation sequencing, and the variants were validated by Sanger sequencing. These children were treated surgically and pamidronate was administered.
Results
Out of 14 children, 12 were with FKBP10 gene variants, and two with PLOD2 gene variants. The age at diagnosis varied from birth to four years. All were classified as type III by modified Sillence classification. twelve had joint contractures, mainly in the knees and elbows. Clubfeet was identified in seven, scoliosis in three, and severe kyphoscoliosis in three. Two had skull deformities, six with wormian bones, one with basilar invagination and another showing severe cervical compression myelopathy. Rib fractures in six, vertebral compression in nine, and protrusion acetabulae in three were noted. Surgical correction of the deformities by soft tissue release and bone shortening was partially successful, while growth modulation was unsuccessful as the implant failed. Nine of the patients were non-ambulant. Bone density was decreased in all, and the response to pamidronate was partial. This cohort had four novel FKBP10 variants and two PLOD2 variants.
Conclusion
The study highlights the proportionate representation of the two genes in our population, the severe deformities with poor response to surgical treatment, and novel variants in the population.
Deep vein thrombosis after total knee arthroplasty in patients with severe varus deformity: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Qin Jizheng , Xia Chun , Wang Shaojie
Published: June 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the incidence and associated risk factors of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients with severe varus knees after primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
Methods: From January 2015 to December 2023, a retrospective study of 226 patients who with preoperative hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angles more than 10°were enrolled. The patients were examined with ultrasonography after operation and divided into thrombosis and non-thrombosis groups according to their ultrasonographic results. A correlation analysis was performed to determine the factors associated with DVT.
Results: Of the 226 patients, 15 patients (6.6%) developed DVT, with none in proximal location. Significant differences were found in the mean age, time of application of tourniquet and mean VAS scores in patients with DVT compared with those without DVT.
Conclusions: The incidence of DVT was 6.6% in patients who underwent TKA with severe varus deformity. The rate of asymptomatic clots in the calf region was higher than the proximal location. Older age, longer durations of tourniquet application and higher VAS scores were all substantial risk factors for DVT after TKA in patients with severe varus knees.