bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of metformin on cardiac troponin-I and ST resolution in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction undergoing thrombolytic therapy
Authors: Aslanabadi Naser , Beheshtirouy Samineh , Mashayekhi Sina , Heidari Zahra , Hamedani Sana , Entezari-Maleki Taher
Published: March 2022

Abstract Background: Thrombolytic therapy is a key in the management of ST elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI). Metformin implies a series of cardioprotective effects. We aimed to investigate how pretreatment with metformin could affect cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels following reteplase therapy amid STEMI patients. Methods: A pilot randomized clinical trial was carried out in 84 patients with STEMI undergoing thrombolytic therapy with reteplase. The metformin group (n = 42) received a single dose of 1000 mg metformin orally before receiving reteplase, while the control group (n = 42) received only reteplase. The serum level of cTnI was measured at baseline, 8, 16, 24, and 32 hours after the admission to assess myocardial damage. Results: No significant differences were observed in cTnI levels at baseline (p = 0.657), 8 (p = 0.93), 16 (p = 0.690), 24 (p = 0.217), and 32 (p = 0.517) hours after STEMI diagnose between two groups. The mean differences were also not significant for changes of cTnI at baseline and other time frames. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that early use of 1000 mg metformin prior to reteplase could not reduce the level of cTnI in STEMI patients.
In vitro and In silico studies on the anticancer and antimicrobial activity of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) complexes with bis (pyrazolyl) borate derivative ligand
Authors: Ghorbanpour Monireh , Soltani Behzad , Molavi Ommoleila , Mehdizadeh Aghdam Elnaz
Published: March 2022

A bidentate N-donor pyrazole-based ligand abbreviated as K[H2B(PzMe2)2] and corresponding complexes with Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) were synthesized and characterized, where PzMe2=3,5-dimethylpyrazole. The synthesized ligand and complexes were evaluated for anticancer activities against (MDA-MB-231) human breast cell line. Their Antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was investigated. Also, their molecular docking with YmaH (PDB ID: 3HSB), ecKAS III (PDB ID: 1HNJ) protein and DNA dodecamer (PDB ID: 1BNA) as the possible targets was performed. In silico molecular docking along with the experimental MTT assay and antibacterial studies, indicated the metal complexes are more bioactive than free uncoordinated ligand and can be excellent candidates for further evaluations in the biological area.
Attitude and satisfaction towards electronic exams in medical sciences faculty members
Authors: Zahedi Zahra , Salehiniya Hamid , Zarei Afagh , Abbaszadeh Hamid
Published: March 2022

Background: The use of electronic exams (E-exams) has benefits in educational systems. The views of critical stakeholders, including faculty members, around E-exams should be taken into consideration in order to derive the most benefits. Due to the recent expansion of the use of E-exams at the Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), this study was conducted to assess faculty members ‘ attitude towards and satisfaction with E-exams. Methods: This cross-sectional study included all faculty members at the university using a census sampling method. A researcher-created questionnaire with demographic, attitude, and satisfaction sections was used to collect the data. The content validity index and the content validity ratio were used to assess validity, and Cronbach’s alpha was used to assess reliability. Scoring was based on a 5-point Likert scale. SPSS was used to analyze the data using t-test and ANOVA at a significance level of 0.05. Results: Of the 126 faculty members who participated, 56.3% were women and 43.7% were men. The mean score of faculty members’ attitude was 69.19±9.51 and their satisfaction score was 33.27±5.00. A significant difference was found in the mean score of attitude by faculty (P=0.038). A positive correlation was found between attitude and satisfaction (r=0.537), and attitude and satisfaction with work experience (r=0.002 and r=0.233, respectively) which indicates that the correlation between attitude and satisfaction was significant (P <0.001) Conclusion: Overall, there was a moderately positive attitude toward and a high level of satisfaction with e-exams among medical sciences faculty members. Given the correlation between attitude and satisfaction, these two categories should be taken into consideration together.
Reproductive adaptations of sea urchins with planktotrophic larvae
Authors: Zhadan P. M. , Vaschenko M. A.
Published: March 2022

The brief review summarizes the authors' original data on the role of environmental factors in triggering and synchronization of spawning in natural populations of two species of sea urchins with planktotrophic larvae. It is shown that both species exhibit similar reproductive adaptations aimed at enhancing reproductive success. The high sensitivity of sea urchins, primarily males, to environmental signal(s), most likely to phytoplankton, can be considered as a large-scale adaptation characteristic of many marine invertebrates with external fertilization and planktotrophic larvae and promoting the development of mass spawning events. Night time, as well as the new moon and full moon phases, are modulating factors that increase the likelihood of mass spawning. Longer duration of spawning in males compared to females, longer duration of sperm release during mass spawning compared to that during solitary spawning, longer duration of spawning in males living in an environment with higher level of phytoplankton, and approach of males and females during mass spawning can be considered as small-scale adaptations that increase the likelihood of fertilization.
Cardiovascular component of post-COVID-19-syndrome
Authors: Vakhnenko Y. V. , Dorovskikh I. E. , Domke A. P.
Published: March 2022

Observation of patients suffering from acute COVID-19 shows that many of them have a long persistence of various symptoms, which often significantly worsen the quality of life and are combined with the concept of "postvoid syndrome". The study of this phenomenon is actively continuing, but its types and manifestations are already known, registers of patients are created, their condition is monitored, and postcovid syndrome is included in the International Classification of Diseases. The review covers predictors, mechanisms of development and main signs of Long-Covid, systemic affection of internal organs, which is explained, among other things, by damaging effect of the virus on different tissues, endothelial dysfunction and micro thrombosis. Particular attention is paid to the causes and types of cardiovascular system disorders. The features of functioning of the world health care system during the pandemic waves which influenced the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are outlined. It is emphasized that postvascular syndrome is susceptible both to persons who had acute form of COVID and to asymptomatic patients. They equally require medical attention. Electronic means of communication help to provide such care during pandemic period.
Immediate results of using both internal thoracic arteries for coronary artery bypass surgery in patients with ischemic artery disease
Authors: Muradov A. G. , Efendiev V. U. , Andin A. V. , Demidov D. P. , Drobot D. B. , Sakovich V. A.
Published: March 2022

Objective: To compare direct results of «in situ» and Y-graft bimammary autoarterial bypass in patients having coronary artery disease.

Methods:  From January 2018 to November 2020, 107 patients having ischemic artery disease undergone coronary artery bypass surgery in the Cardiac Surgery Department No.1 of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Federal Center for Cardiovascular Surgery" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk). The distribution of the groups was carried out in a 3:1 ratio: in the first group (24 patients) both internal thoracic arteries were used for myocardial revascularization according to the «in situ» technique, in the second group (composite bypass surgery) (83 patients) the right internal thoracic artery was anastomosed with a free graft with the left internal thoracic artery (Y- graft).

Results: There were no cases of hospital mortality. The duration of operations in the composite bypass group was significantly higher than in the «in situ» group (126.4  minutes ± 20.1 minutes versus 172.3 minutes ± 27.1 minutes, p = 0.038). The reason for extra time is the necessity to put a large number of distal anastomoses. Bleeding in the early postoperative period was observed only in one case (1.2%) in the composite bypass group. Perioperative myocardial infarctions, neurological complications, and deep wound infection of the sternum weren't observed in any group. One patient from the «in situ» group (4.2%) and one patient from the composite bypass grafting group (1.2%), experienced the postoperative period complicated by a superficial wound infection in the area of the sternotomy access (p = 0.649). In the «in situ» group, average blood flow velocity according to flowmetry data was 32 ml / min ± 8.1 ml / min, and in the composite shunting group it counted 51.8 ml / min ± 12.3 ml / min, p = 0.001.

Conclusions. Using both internal thoracic arteries for coronary artery bypass surgery provides a favorable effect of surgical treatment in the postoperative period. This operation technique can be safely performed with low mortality rate and less complications. It may be associated with improved long-term patient survival; but this requires further analysis of the study results in a longer period.
Changes in microcirculation and metabolic activity in soft tissue after local injection of hyaluronic acid in different modes in experimental explosive injury
Authors: Shperling I. A. , Semakin R. V. , Shulepov A. V. , Shperling N. V. , Bazhenov M. V.
Published: March 2022

Objective: To identify changes in microcirculation and metabolic activity in soft tissues in an experimental explosive wound after local administration of hyaluronic acid and to determine the mode of its use, in which these changes are sanogenetically significant.

Methods: The experiments were approved by the local Ethics Committee and performed on 96 male Wistar rats weighing 300-350 g. at the age from 4 to 4.5 months. The design of the study included the following stages: wound modeling (according to the method which has RF patent for invention No. 2741238); closing the wound with a pressure bandage and fixing it with a patch; primary surgical treatment of the wound 3 hours after the injury; fan (5-6 points) intramuscular injection of hyaluronic acid (“Hyalift” medication) diluted with 0.9% sodium chloride solution to 1.75% (total volume – 0.5-0.8 ml); dynamic observation accompanied by daily wound dressings (chlorhexidine, and Levomekol ointment) until its epithelialization and by intramuscular administration of antibacterial drug (Gentamicin sulfate) during the first 7 days after the injury. The study of microcirculation and metabolism of tissues of the injury zone using laser Doppler flowmetry, optical tissue oximetry and laser fluorescence diagnostics (using the device "Lakk-M") was conducted on the 7th, 14th and 28th day after the injury.

Results: Early (3 hours after the injury) local application of HA in case of an explosive soft tissue wound improves the perfusion characteristics of microcirculation, has a positive effect on the trophism and oxidative metabolism of skeletal muscles, and reduces the time of wound healing. The early administration (3 hours after the injury) of HA in the mode: locally in the para volar tissues, after 3 hours (at the end of the primary surgical treatment of the wound) and additionally after 24 hours after the injury is considered to be the most effective.

Conclusions: Intramuscular injection of hyaluronic acid into the para volar tissues in the first hours after the wound in case of an explosive soft tissue wound is a sanogenetically justified method of correcting the wound process.
Desenho de projetos viários
Authors: Silva Walber Paschoal da
Published: March 2022

No processo de desenvolvimento dos projetos viários, o desenho técnico é a parte que, no cotidiano, apresenta os maiores problemas relacionados ao atendimento às normas e padrões de representação. Isto ocorre devido a vários fatores, entre os quais se destacam, a grande quantidade de símbolos e convenções de traços e linhas, e as eventuais atualizações e substituições de normas técnicas, associadas à falta de uma divulgação efetiva dessas mudanças para as firmas de engenharia e, mesmo, para as instituições de ensino. Tal situação tem como resultado uma grande variedade de padrões de representação, dando margem a dúvidas durante a leitura desses desenhos, e risco de erros na execução da obra. Nesse contexto, este livro tem como objetivo auxiliar estudantes e projetistas, durante o desenvolvimento dos desenhos de projetos viários, integrantes do setor de transportes dos cursos de engenharia civil, apresentando informações teóricas e práticas, atualizadas e comentadas. Para tanto, sua estrutura contempla os seguintes assuntos principais: noções de desenho de topografia; desenho do projeto geométrico horizontal; desenho do projeto geométrico vertical; desenho do projeto em seção transversal.
Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Fen Bilimleri Dersine Yönelik Algılarının Metafor ve Öğrenci Çizimleri Yoluyla İncelenmesi
Authors: SOĞUKPINAR Ramazan , KARIŞAN Dilek
Published: March 2022

Çalışmanın amacı, ortaokul öğrencilerinin fen bilimleri dersine yönelik algılarını metafor ve öğrenci çizimleri yoluyla belirlemektir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden betimsel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu Türkiye’nin batı bölgesindeki bir devlet ortaokulunda 6, 7 ve 8. sınıflarda öğrenim görmekte olan 504 (260 kız, 244 erkek) ortaokul öğrencisinden oluşmuştur. Veriler “fen bilimleri dersine yönelik metaforik algı ve çizim formu” ile toplanmıştır. Toplanan veriler, nitel araştırmada kullanılan içerik analizi ile çözümlenmiş ve içerik analizinden elde edilen veriler, betimsel olarak frekans ve yüzde değerleri tablo şeklinde verilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda fen bilimleri dersine yönelik 6. sınıf öğrencileri 81, 7.sınıf öğrencileri 87 ve 8. sınıf öğrencileri 66 farklı metafor üretmişlerdir. En fazla üretilen metaforlar; 6. sınıflarda kitap ve hayat, 7. sınıflarda kitap ve deniz, 8. sınıflarda hayat ve öğretmendir. Fen bilimleri dersi ile ilgili 6. ve 7. sınıftaki öğrenciler en fazla deney, 8. sınıftakiler ise fen dersi öğretmeni çizimi yapmışlardır.
Meslek Yüksekokulu Öğrencilerinde Farklı Sınav Tiplerinde Stres Seviyesinin Tükürük Kortizolüyle Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: AKSOY Neval , ÖZDİL Nesrin , MENEKŞE KILIÇ Meryem
Published: March 2022

Bu çalışmada, Meslek Yüksekokulu öğrencilerinde sözlü proje sınavı ve yazılı sınav tiplerinde stres ölçütü olarak kabul edilen tükürük kortizolünün ölçülerek, öğrencilerin stres düzeylerinin belirlenmesi ve karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Tükürük örnekleri final yazılı sınavı döneminde ve sözlü proje sınavı döneminde sınavdan en az yarım saat önce ve relaks dönemde özel tükürük tüplerine alınmıştır. Örnekler hastanemiz laboratuvarında kemilimünesans metotla ölçümleri yapılmış ve ölçüm sonuçları SPSS for Windows version 24.0 paket programında analiz edilmiştir.

Örneklemdeki 31 öğrencinin yaşları 18-19 olup, 11 (%35,5)’i erkek ve 20 (%65,5)’si kadındır. Relaks dönemde tükrük kortizolü ortalama 12,58± 5,04 mg/dl, yazılı sınavda 13,1±5,42 ve proje sözlü sınavdaysa 12,55±5,9 bulunmuştur. Dönemler arası kortizol değeri karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel anlamlılık saptanmamıştır.(P=0,533). Üç farklı dönemde alınan kortizol ölçümleri bakımından kadın ve erkek öğrenciler arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark gözlenmemiştir. Bu çalışma ile yazılı ya da sözlü sınavların meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerinde, her iki cinsiyette HPA aks üzerine etkisi olmadığı ve stres nedeni olmadığı gösterilmiştir.
“Regrowth-free” fabrication of high-current-gain AlGaN/GaN heterojunction bipolar transistor with N-p-n configuration
Authors: Kumabe Takeru , Watanabe Hirotaka , Ando Yuto , Tanaka Atsushi , Nitta Shugo , Honda Yoshio , Amano Hiroshi
Published: March 2022

An AlGaN/GaN heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) with N-p-n configuration was fabricated by the “regrowth-free” method, resulting in a contamination-free emitter-base AlGaN/GaN heterojunction. The low-bias-power-based low-damage inductively coupled plasma–reactive ion etching was employed in this study for emitter mesa definition instead of the conventional selective-area-regrowth technique. The method successfully minimized the etching-induced damage in the p-GaN base layer and the contamination at the emitter-base AlGaN/GaN heterojunction. Consequently, the fabricated device exhibited a high current gain of 25, the highest current density of 15.0 kA cm−2, and the lowest on-state voltage offset of 0.75 V ever reported for AlGaN/GaN HBTs.
High-efficiency broadband second-harmonic-generation of YCa4O(BO3)3 crystal
Authors: Zhao Xuezhi , Wu Zhixin , Wang Zhengping , Wang Xinle , Yu Fapeng , Xu Xinguang
Published: March 2022

High-efficiency broadband second-harmonic-generation (SHG) of YCa4O(BO3)3 (YCOB) crystal was demonstrated for the first time. The theoretical calculation predicted that the retracing point wavelength for type-I SHG of YCOB crystal was at around 1650 nm, which was proved by the followed phase-matching experiment. With a tunable femtosecond laser as the light source, the type-I SHG experiments of YCOB crystal were performed in the range of 1550–1700 nm. Compared with other broadband SHG crystals, YCOB crystal presented the highest optical conversion efficiency of 58%, the largest spectral bandwidth conversion ratio of 65%, and the broadest wavelength acceptance bandwidth of 118.8 nm·cm1/2.
Engineering-geological Conditions of the Upper Stream of the Tekhuri River Gorge
Authors:   Georgian Technical University, Giorgadze Anzor
Published: March 2022

The economic development of modern Georgia is closely related to the development of exogenous energy resources (water, solar and wind). Among them, the great potential for the existence and development of hydro resources is especially noteworthy. One of the important bases for the development of hydropower resources is the construction and operation of hydraulic structures in a geologically sustainable environment. Special attention should be paid to the very interesting Tekhuri River gorge. Studying engineering-geological features of the area is closely related to the construction of the planned cascade of hydropower plants (Lechekha, Erjia, Khifa, Tskhimra, Nobulevi) along the 21 km section of the Tekhuri River gorge (from Lebarde resort to the village of Nobulevi). Moreover, detailed engineering-geological mapping, determination of physical-mechanical properties of rocks and soils and their statistical analysis were carried out. In addition, the first attempt to calculate data on a relatively new classification of rock masses, Geological Stiffness Index (GSI) data for the territory of Georgia using RMR is described.
Symbolic-informational "Architectural Culture" and Its Importance in the Formation of a Tourist Cluster
Authors:   Georgian Technical University, Imnadze Nino , Vardosanidze Giorgi ,   Georgian Technical University
Published: March 2022

One of the directions of tourism – Wine Tourism – was established at the beginning of the XXI century as a wine architecture and developed in many countries around the world, including Georgia. The relationship between wine and architecture on the example of famous wineries from an architectural-artistic point of view and understands their importance in the context of the formation of a tourist cluster is analyzed. The analysis revealed that architectural interpretations have created unique tourist sites far from the city, in the countryside or in the vicinity, which integrates radically different architectural currents, diverse concepts, including multifaceted contextualism with several aspects in mind: synthesis, psycho-emotion, script, and associations. Thus, a peculiar symbolic-informative architectural culture of wine was created to popularize wine tourism.
Revilitalization as a Means of Reviving Social Communication
Authors:   Georgian Technical University, Khabeishvili Nino , Tsetskladze Mariam ,   Georgian Technical University
Published: March 2022

During the reconstruction and restoration of the facade of a monument or any building in an urban environment, revitalization is presented as a process, and not the result of a new load, which is called a healthy platform for public communication. One of the directions of our research is covered, the main idea of which is that in the process of rehabilitation the surrounding area of a monument or building is preserved and not lost, by a new method of covering the facade, namely, the LED curtain panel becomes the future type of facade, thanks to which the building no longer needs in temporary storage. Thus, the packaging of the current workflow at the facility during the rehabilitation of the urban environment will arouse more interest among people and will not change the trajectory of their movement. Such an installation will attract more people, and social communication will not be interrupted due to rehabilitation work, but will continue uninterrupted and, moreover, may even become livelier. In conclusion, despite the existence of many factors in the formation and development of society in the world, architecture is still an important part of the environment. Individual subjects in society create architecture, function, communicate, bring architecture to society and use it as a necessary means of communication. Therefore, the influence of architecture on a person is quite large. It seems to be a necessary means of establishing a connection.
Impact of Underground Waters on the Stability of the Mountain Rock Slope. Depression Surface Equation
Authors:   Georgian Technical University, Kvitsiani Tariel , Kvatskhava Liana ,   Georgian Technical University
Published: March 2022

The underground waters move in the slope massif of a homogeneous mountain rocks. It is demonstrated that the filtration forces are the main cause for the decreased soil strength and slope deformation that further causes landslides. It was found that calculating the variability of groundwater levels and the location of the depressive curve plays an important role in the slope sustainability analysis. To solve this problem, the movement of the filtration water flow is considered within the slope of a homogeneous soil, which relies on the water-permeable cliffy bed sloping at an angle  to the horizon. A common differential equation for the motion of the filtration water flow is deduced and reduced to the first-order linear equation, which is satisfied by the equation of the depression line. The method to draft a theoretical depression curve by using the solution of the differential equation is discussed. Based on this method, several typical points on the depression curve were selected. By using different values of geometrical parameters and ground characteristics of the slope, the coordinates of the typical points were determined. Auxiliary graphs were construed based on the results obtained by the numerical method to determine the coordinates of the outcrop of the depression curve on the slope surface and midpoint. The solution of a test example is given for illustration purposes. As the filtration water moves through the ground of the mountain rock slope, the impact of filtration forces or hydrodynamic pressure on the reduction of the slope ground stability is substantiated. Additional shear forces are taken into account in the calculation of the slope stability: hydrostatic and hydrodynamic pressures. The impact of the sums of these two forces results in the decreased ground mass strength, landslides and avalanches. For the slope stability analysis, the condition of the stability of the unit volume of the ground particle on the slope surface is considered. The formula to calculate the shear strength coefficient is deduced.
The Problem of Borders and Georgia’s Security Challenges in the Information Age
Authors:   Georgian Technical University, Kuprashvili Henri
Published: March 2022

In the new information age, the security of modern Georgia, as well as other countries, is generally conditioned by many new challenges and threats. Moreover, the provision of its national security is to some extent also in the border security of Georgia. The global challenges of the information age have revealed the modern trends, containing the serious threats, which are reflected in national security: gradually reducing the influence of states, facilitate the penetration of state borders etc. In the information age, the concept of border management is changing significantly; it is quite difficult to solve the problem completely at the level of a state, and even in certain circumstances it becomes unimaginable. Appeared an objective need to intensify international cooperation in this direction. This can be practically reflected in the organization of an integrated border management system, which has been widely introduced in recent years.
Integration of Internally Displaced Persons as a Right
Authors:   Georgian Technical University, Giorgadze Grigol
Published: March 2022

The discussion of the issues presented in the paper leads us to say that in analyzing the ways and approaches of durable solutions to IDPs, it is important to have a broad understanding of the issue, including the characteristics of IDPs, that is derivative to their vulnerability and the need for the specific support; As well as the accurate assessment of the needs of IDPs in the process of application of the most relevant form of the durable solution and the creation of the necessary conditions for the integration process, as well as the respective adaptation of the constituent components of integration; And for the implementation of all this, to establish an appropriate regulatory framework and to develop effective mechanisms.
Economic Field as a Tool of Social Structuration
Authors:   Georgian Technical University, Dadunashvili Sergo
Published: March 2022

Generative potential of exchange as a mechanism for structuring and stabilizing society is discussed. As a way of organizing social life and structuring the beginning of the economy, the exchange is based on the principles of commodity-centrism and cyclist, which are actually manifested in various segments of the commodity environment. Commodity-centrism is one of the mechanisms for maintaining the stability of the social space embodying the principles of static stability and integrity. The concept of the economic field is introduced – a special reality that manifests itself in the social space, organizing social practices and representations of agents included in the system of production and consumption of products. Economic agents (creators of products, participants in production, sellers, and buyers) are owners of various forms of capital, which they use to strengthen their position in the social space.
RASPBERRY PI 3 SEBAGAI SISTEM KEAMANAN GUDANG PT. KARYA ANDALAN MANDIRI JAYA MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR PIR DAN KAMERA PI VIA TELEGRAM
Authors: Wahyuawaludin Nizam , Painem Painem
Published: March 2022

Berdasarkan judul diatas, karya tulis ini bertujuan untuk membuat system keamanan Gudang PT. Karya Andalan Mandiri Jaya menggunakan sensor gerak yang akan mendeteksi setiap gerakan yang ada dan akan di tangkap oleh kamera menggunakan Raspberry pi 3. Pada Gudang PT. Karya Andalan Mandiri Jaya hanya di jaga oleh kepala gudang yang selalu berada di gudang jadi siapa saja bisa memasuki area gudang, dan tidak dapat memonitoring siapa saja masuk, sehingga beberapa kali terjadi kehilagan barang yang tentunya dapat merugikan perusahaan dan tidak dapat di ketahuai siapa pelakunnya, Untuk dapat memonitor aktivitas gudang dan meminimalisir terjadinya pencurian dan tindak kejahatan lainnya, karya tulis ini bertujuan untuk membuat sebuah alat yang dapat memonitor aktivitas yang ada didalam gudang, dengan menggunakan modul sensor pir, kamera pi, Raspberry Pi dan aplikasi telegram. Alat tersebut akan di buat menjadi suatu alay yang mampu memenuhi kebutuhan dan mengatasi masalah yang ada pada gudang Gudang PT. Karya Andalan Mandiri Jaya, sensor Pir akan mendeksi gerakan yang ada, lalu di akan ditangkap oleh kamera, akan otomatis tersimpan pada Raspberry Pi, selain itu alat ini juga mampu mengirim foto atau video secara real time yang terjadi saat itu juga, selanjutnya file yang di tangkap akan dikirim melalui pesan ke aplikasi telegram dengan notivikasi.
SURGERY DURING EARLY COVID- 19 PANDEMIC – CHALLENGES FACED AND OUTCOMES
Authors: Singh Bhau Kulwant , Ahmed Mufti Mahmood , Sudan Parikshit , Saleem Mir Iqbal
Published: March 2022

Aims: To study the challenges faced for conducting surgeries and assess the outcome during early Covid - 19 Pandemic; Materials and Methods:
All patients scheduled for non-urgent but essential surgeries during the pandemic were subjected to preoperative RT-PCR test 24-96 hours before
surgery and for emergency surgeries RAT testing as per the algorithm. Surgical patients being managed conservatively in the wards but showing
Covid suspected symptoms were also subjected to RAT testing; Results: A total of 3725 surgeries were done from March 2020 to January 2021
during the pandemic out of which 636 cases were on elective basis. Almost 7% cases scheduled for surgeries tested positive and were managed as
per the protocol. Positivity rate for RATtesting was found to be 5.0 % and for RT-PCR it was 7.9 percent; the mean post-operative hospital stay was
4.09 days. There were 224 minor, 76 major complications. Conclusion: Adherence to updated guidelines, Standard Operative Procedures should
always be followed. Role of Administrative machinery acts as an adjunct to tide over a disaster like Public health crisis as experienced during this
pandemic. Use of Preoperative RT-PCR for elective surgeries and RAT testing for emergency surgeries was found to be effective in decreasing the
exposure to the health care givers but potential for infectivity during incubation period was always a concern. RAT testing had low positivity rate
but was effective in detecting conrmed cases among surgical patients being managed conservatively in the wards and helped in increasing contact
tracing. Overall, it was possible to start selective non-urgent but essential surgeries initially with acceptable surgical outcomes and the spectrum of
surgeries expanded as the magnitude of pandemic decreased in the region.
PROXIMAL CONDUCTION VELOCITY OVER H-REFLEX ARC IN MALNOURISHED CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS OF AGE.
Authors: Md Zabihullah Md Zabihullah , Kumar Agrawal Dhirendra , Shahab Tabassum , Kumar Tribhuwan
Published: March 2022

INTRODUCTION: Malnutrition in children affects the development and function of every organ system including the peripheral and central
nervous systems. Hoffmann reex (H-reex) is an important neurological screening tool, especially in the paediatric population. Conduction
velocity over the H-reex arc has been used to assess proximal motor and sensory pathways. The present study attempted to demonstrate slowed
conduction over H-reex arc in malnourished children below ve years of age.
MATERIALAND METHODS We studied 82 under-ve children with protein-energy malnutrition. 60 age-matched healthy children served as
control subjects. As proximal conduction velocity over H-reex arc changes with age, study subjects were divided into four groups on the basis of
age. Based on the degree of malnutrition, the patients were further divided into two groups. The H-reex was recorded from soleus muscle by
stimulating posterior tibial using Neuro perfect EMG/NCV/EPSYSTEM (Medicaid systems, Chandigarh,160002, India).
RESULTS The conduction velocity over the soleus H-reex arc was signicantly decreased in severely malnourished children. However,
conduction velocity over the soleus H-reex arc in the children suffering from mild-to-moderate malnutrition was comparable with normal
children.
CONCLUSION The ndings suggest that severely malnourished children demonstrate slowed postnatal peripheral neural maturation.
Conduction over the soleus H-reex arc was signicantly decreased in severely malnourished children.
A REVIEW STUDY ON TUBERCULOSIS AND COVID-19 CO-INFECTION
Authors: Ibrahim Auwalu , Akinola Ajoke , Shinkafi Jagaba Jamilu Ibrahim
Published: March 2022

Tuberculosis (TB) and COVID-19 are highly infectious pathogens that primarily affect the lungs. The symptoms of both diseases are similar such
as cough, fever, and dyspnea (difculty in breathing). Although the incubation period of TB is longer and the onset of the disease is moderate in
collation with COVID-19, Health services, including national programs to battle TB. Active engagement in ensuring an effective and rapid
response to COVID-19 is required while ensuring that TB services are maintained. WHO universal TB Program, WHO territorial and national
ofces developed an information note to support health authorities. Precise diagnostic tests are required for both TB and COVID-19. WHO and
international partners endorsed the establishment of TB laboratory networks for COVID 19 diagnosis and surveillance. TB program staff, with
their experience and capacity, including an ongoing case nding coupled with contact tracing, are well placed to spread understanding, skills, as
well as provision of technical and logistical support. After a TB patient coughs, sneezes, shouts, or sings, tubercle bacilli residue hangs in the air, the
droplet nuclei rest for several hours, and people who inhale them can get infected. COVID-19 transmission has primarily been attributed to the
direct breathing of droplets expelled by someone with COVID-19. Tuberculosis (TB) causes more deaths than any other infectious disease
globally, and Africa has one of the highest TB infection rates globally, especially in Namibia. In 2018, an estimated 13,000 people in Namibia fell ill
with TB, and more than 5,000 were not diagnosed. Given that, there is a need to raise more awareness and adequate preventive majors that are
effectively curving the menace of Tuberculosis.
GIANT INGUINOSCROTAL HERNIA - A RARE CASE MANAGED AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors: Ahmed Ansari Waqar , Bhavesh Gada Parth , Dilip Nagwani Pooja , Kandan Mudaliar Veena
Published: March 2022

Massive inguinoscrotal hernias are rare hernias that extend below the midpoint of the inner thigh, in the standing position. We present a case of a 66-
year-old patient with a very large irreducible bilateral direct inguinal hernia, without signs of obstruction or gangrenous changes. The patient was
taken up for surgery under general anesthesia after optimizing the patient using preoperative incentive spirometry and nebulization. We used the
laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal laparoscopic(TAPP) approach to reduce the hernial content which was followed by Lichtenstein's open
bilateral inguinal hernioplasty. The patient was kept sedated and paralyzed on ventilatory support in intensive care for 2 days. Management of giant
hernia is challenging due to various problems such as loss of domain, intraoperative cardiorespiratory complications, increase in intra-abdominal
and intrathoracic pressures. Even after successful management recurrence is another complication faced when compared to other inguinoscrotal
hernias. We describe laparoscopic reduction along with open bilateral inguinal hernioplasty as a viable technique in this patient followed by
elective ventilation in the postoperative period. He did not require bowel resection as adequate abdominal relaxation is attained with this approach.
DEPRESSION AMONG UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Rajshri Rajshri , Jee Keshav , Sharma Uday Narayan
Published: March 2022

Background : Medical education is a stressful professional course . Periodic assessment of students is imperative to identify psychological
problems like depression which adversely affect the physical, social and mental well being of the students . Methods :It was a cross sectional study
conducted among undergraduate students of a medical college in Gaya, Bihar. Sociodemographic details were collected using a proforma . Beck's
depression inventory ( BDI) was used to assess depression and its severity. Statistical analysis was done and results tabulated. Results: 57 %
students were found to be suffering from depression maximum of which were of mild degree(45%) . Maximum students of nal year were found to
be depressed (60%) followed closely by rst year students ( 56%). Conclusion : Medical students are vulnerable to psychological problems like
depression. Early identication can help can help them cope with life situations better
Learning From Human Correction For Data-Centric Deep Learning
Authors: Guo Tong
Published: March 2022

In industry NLP application, our manually labeled data has a certain number of noisy data. We present a simple method to find the noisy data and relabel them manually, meanwhile we collect the correction information. Then we present novel method to incorporate the human correction information into deep learning model. Human know how to correct noisy data. So the correction information can be inject into deep learning model. We do the experiment on our own text classification dataset, which is manually labeled, because we relabel the noisy data in our dataset for our industry application. The experiment result
shows that our method improve the classification accuracy from 91.7%
to 92.5%. The 91.7% accuracy is trained on the corrected dataset, which
improve the baseline from 83.3% to 91.7%.
Exploring the behavioural spectrum with efficiency vs. fairness goals in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Kokkinogenis Zafeiris , Silva Margarida , Pitt Jeremy , Rossetti Rosaldo
Published: March 2022

The concept of fairness has been studied in philosophy and economics for thousands of years, so human actors in social systems have had plenty of time to ``learn'' what does, and does not, work. Yet, only recently. However, it is a relatively new question how software agents in a multi-agent system can use Reinforcement Learning models to develop an architecture that promotes equality or equity in the distribution of rewards to the agents within the system. Recent significant contributions have focused on optimising for efficiency based on the assumption that efficiency and fairness are opposites to be traded off against each other, but actually, the result of mixing fair and efficient policies is unknown in multi-agent reinforcement learning settings. In this work, we experiment with fair and efficient behaviours jointly, based on an extension of the state-of-the-art model in fairness SOTO that intertwines efficient and equitable recommendations. We analyse the fair versus efficient behavioural spectrum in the Matthew Effect and Traffic Light Control problems, finding some solutions that outperform the baseline SOTO and others that outperform a selfish baseline with comparable architectural design. We conclude it is possible to optimise for fairness and efficiency and this is important when computation of the reward distribution has to be paid for from the rewards themselves.
Anomaly Detection Based on Sigmoid Metric and Object Area Filtering in Hyperspectral Images
Authors: Esmaeili Najafabadi Hamid , Zhang Zhenkai , Yousefan Mahdi , Nasirimajd Amirshayan
Published: March 2022

This paper outlines a new approach to detect anomalies in hyperspectral images based on peripheral pixels. The proposed methodology contains two main steps. First, a new distance score is introduced based on the sigmoid function and root mean square error (RMSE). We estimate how likely the target pixel is an anomaly by averaging the new metric over its neighboring window.

 Second, a state-of-the-art method is applied to eliminate unacceptable objects according to their size. In this light, the objects whose size is out of an acceptable interval are removed.

 Comprehensive experimental evaluations have been conducted to confirm that the proposed method significantly outperforms several recent algorithms in accuracy and computational time.
On Sparse Gain Flattening in Pump-Constrained Submarine Links
Authors: Bononi Alberto , Lasagni Chiara , Tiburcio de Araujo Juliana , Antona Jean-Christophe
Published: March 2022

Having in mind the capacity optimization of power-constrained submarine links, by following the work in [1] we first compare the achievable information rate (AIR) of gain-flattened and un-flattened blocks of N b ≤ 12 spans with span loss 16.5dB and with end-span single-stage co-pumped erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) when the transmitted wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) channels all have the same transmitted power. All EDFAs have the same pump power and the same physical parameters. In the flattened case, each EDFA is followed by an ideal gain-flattening filter (GFF) that chops off the EDFA gain exceeding the span loss. No GFFs are used in the un-flattended case. We show that, for block length Nb > 7, at large-enough input power the AIR of the GFF block exceeds that of the no-GFF block, while for Nb ≤ 7 at large input power the AIR is about the same. We next build a long submarine link by concatenating the Nb-span no-GFF blocks, and placing a GFF at the last EDFA of each block in order to flatten the block gain down to the Nb-span loss, and calculate the AIR of the resulting sparse-GFF submarine link, accounting also for nonlinear interference. For the 287-span case-study link with span loss 9.5dB used in [5], [9], we show that the best power efficiency is achieved by blocks of size Nb = 6 (i.e., one GFF every 6 spans) when the pump is around 12 mW. When the GFF excess loss is 0.3dB the top-AIR gain over the standard all GFF system is 9.5%, a value that decreases to 4% when the excess loss is zero. Considering that modern submarine-grade GFFs have almost zero excess loss, and that the most efficient pump power is likely too low to operate with, we conclude that sparse-GFF links offer little advantage in practice over the current design.
Totalising Partial Algebras
Authors: Bergstra Jan Aldert , Tucker John V.
Published: March 2022

We will examine totalising a partial operation in a general algebra by using an absorbtive element, bottom, such as an error flag. We then focus on the simplest example of a partial operation, namely subtraction on the natural numbers: n - m is undefined whenever n < m.  We examine the use of bottom in algebraic structures for the natural numbers, especially semigroups and semirings. We axiomatise this totalisation process and introduce the algebraic concept of a team, being an additive cancellative semigroup with totalised subtraction. Also, with the natural numbers in mind, we introduce the property of being generated by an iterative function, which we call a splinter. We prove a number of theorems about the algebraic specification of datatypes of natural numbers.
National Development Plans and Rural Development in Nigeria: The Environmental Situation
Authors: Onyeke Brian O.
Published: March 2022

National development planning involves processes which ensure that policies and strategies are realized, and that development which cuts across all levels of government and society are fully integrated into nation-building. Nigeria has initiated many development programs and plans from the colonial to the postcolonial period. This review analyzes the contributions of the National Development Plans of 1960-1985 to rural development in Nigeria. It reasons that the National Development Plans did not bring about meaningful development to rural areas due to several factors including corruption and mismanagement, faulty planning from above rather than bottom-up approach, and pursuance of colonial and neocolonial dependent economic and social policies among others. To achieve rapid and sustained rural development, it recommends government to adopt a rural-based and bottom-up approach to development, especially in economic development. Rural areas which are major sources of Nigeria’s vast natural resources and home to half of national population should not be left with little of the wealth generated from the use and management of these resources. Hence, there is need for more budgetary allocation and socio-economic amenities for rural areas.
Mucormycosis of the bones of the facial skull, nasal cavity and par anasal sinuses in patients with COVID19
Authors: Baranova Irina B. , Yaremenko A.I. , Zubareva A.A. , Karpischenko S.A. , Popova Marina O. , Kurus A.A. , Portnov G.V. , Pinegina O.N. , Lukina O.V. , Malyarevskaya M.V. , Kalakuckiy I.N. , Ilyukhina M.O. , Klimko Nikolay N.
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Currently, the relevance of the issues of diagnosis and treatment of invasive fungal diseases has increased significantly due to the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 and the massive use of corticosteroids for the treatment. The key success factors in the outcome of invasive fungal diseases are early diagnosis and treatment, including the applying of an adequate systemic antifungal therapy and surgical treatment. Extensive areas of mycotic lesions of the facial bones and paranasal sinuses are lifethreatening conditions due to anatomical proximity to brain structures and a high risk of dissemination of I invasive fungal diseases with a fatal outcome. The objective of this work was to study the risk factors, possible pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment strategy of invasive fungal diseases of the orofacial region in convalescents of COVID-19. We present case-series data on six patients in the clinics of maxillofacial surgery and otorhinolaryngology of the Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University over the period of 2021–2022. Predisposing factors, clinical and radiological symptoms, features of diagnosis, therapy and surgical strategy were analyzed. The presented observations confirm the relevance and danger of complications after a COVID-19 in the form of the development of invasive fungal diseases with damage to the maxillofacial region caused by mucormycetes and Aspergillus spp., as well as importance of early diagnosis and treatment.
Books and Olive Oil: Why Antitrust Must Deal with Consolidated Corporate Power
Authors: Bogus Carl
Published: March 2022

Following an epic battle in the marketplace between Apple and major book publishers, on one side, and Amazon, on the other side, the United States Department of Justice and thirty-three states filed an antitrust lawsuit against Apple and the publishers, alleging that they had conspired to fix the prices of ebooks. Both the district court and a divided panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit decided the case in the government’s favor. This Article argues that government regulators and the courts took the wrong side in the dispute and did so because of fundamental flaws in current antitrust policy. Adhering to the standard approach, regulators and the courts ignored unique aspects of the industry and treated books just as they would have treated cans of olive oil. Focusing exclusively on consumer welfare—that is, consumer prices and total industry output—regulators and the courts ignored critical social, cultural, and political ramifications of the dispute. Moreover, the widely accepted view that business firms are rational profit maximizers led regulators and the courts into making serious factual misjudgments. Although there are many calls for antitrust reform, most are limited to calls for more rigorous application of existing doctrine. This case study demonstrates why that is inadequate and a paradigm shift in antitrust policy is required.