bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impactos das mudanças climáticas no desempenho termoenergético de edificações residenciais brasileiras
Authors: Machado Jéssica de Mello , Malta Nayara Salera , Bussolotti Victor Moura , Ferrão Ariane Louzada Sasso , Nico-Rodrigues Edna Aparecida , Alvarez Cristina Engel de
Published: October 2022

As mudanças climáticas apontam para um cenário futuro de projeções heterogêneas de aquecimento terrestre. Nesse contexto, os edifícios são responsáveis por uma parcela significativa do consumo energético global destinado à manutenção do conforto térmico dos ocupantes, especialmente quando não pode ser obtido por meio de estratégias passivas de condicionamento. O objetivo da pesquisa foi comparar o impacto das mudanças climáticas no conforto, no desempenho térmico e no consumo energético de uma edificação multifamiliar naturalmente ventilada à sua proposta de adaptação das esquadrias e dos sistemas de vedação vertical ao contexto climático local. Foram selecionadas Manaus, Vitória, Brasília e Porto Alegre para a realização de simulações de um Modelo Real (MReal) – representativo de edificações existentes – e de um Modelo Otimizado (MOt) – que incorpora recomendações da NBR 15575 e estratégias de condicionamento passivo. Os cenários climáticos considerados foram o período atual (com base na série histórica 1961-1990) e futuros (2020s, 2050s e 2080s). Os resultados demonstraram que, em cenários futuros, há aumento no número de horas de desconforto térmico por calor, tanto no MReal quanto no MOt. Em geral, o MOt minimizou o desconforto térmico por calor, principalmente no período atual e na parcela de tempo de 2020s, mas apresentou, a partir de 2050s, redução na capacidade de proporcionar conforto, considerando a adoção de estratégias passivas de condicionamento. Ratifica-se que a NBR 15575 poderia incluir parâmetros de projeções climáticas futuras para adequação das edificações ao clima e contenção das alterações climáticas antrópicas.
Materiais de mudança de fase como sistema de resfriamento passivo em habitações de interesse social pré-fabricadas leves
Authors: Almeida Fernando da Silva , Brandalise Mariane Pinto , Mizgier Martin Ordenes
Published: October 2022

Os Materiais de Mudança de Fase (do inglês, Phase Change Materials – PCMs) apresentam capacidade de armazenar ou de liberar energia térmica, através de oscilações da temperatura. Estes podem estabilizar as flutuações de temperatura interna, além de melhorar a eficácia energética de edifícios. Observa-se considerável número de pesquisas que avaliam o consumo energético, entretanto, estudos que analisam as condições de conforto térmico em ambientes naturalmente ventilados ainda são incipientes. Dessa maneira, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a implantação de PCMs como método passivo em uma edificação de interesse social pré-fabricada naturalmente ventilada, na estação de verão, através de simulações em três cidades do Brasil, sendo elas: Brasília (DF), Palmas (TO) e Santa Maria (RS). Nas análises realizadas, no município de Brasília, o melhor resultado obtido foi com o PCM 22, incorporado na cobertura e na parede em simultâneo, mantendo aproximadamente 100% das horas em conforto. Já em Santa Maria, o melhor desempenho térmico foi na mesma posição, porém, com o PCM 25, obtendo apenas 8% das horas fora da faixa de conforto. Por fim, em Palmas, o mesmo modelo apresentou cerca de 82% das horas em conforto. Em todos os casos, a utilização do PCM foi positiva, sendo este capaz de diminuir a amplitude térmica da residência e melhorar sua inercia térmica.
ÇÇocuk Yoğun Bakım Ünitesine Yatış Gerektiren Ağır Kızamık Vakaları
Authors: KIRAL Eylem , YETİMAKMAN Ayse Filiz
Published: October 2022

AMAÇ: Kızamık aşı ile önlenebilir bir hastalıktır. Yerel salgın durumlarında, özellikle aşılanmamış kişilerde sporadik ve ciddi vakalar gözlenebilir. Bu çalışmada, çocuk yoğun bakım ünitesinde yatış gerektiren kızamık tanısı kesin olan çocukların klinik ve laboratuvar bulgularını ve sonuçlarını geriye dönük olarak değerlendirdik.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: 1 Ocak-30 Haziran 2019 tarihleri ​​arasında Şanlıurfa Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi çocuk yoğun bakım ünitesinde izlenen 14 kızamık tanılı çocuğun tıbbi kayıtları geriye dönük olarak değerlendirildi.
BULGULAR: hastaların median yaşı 9,5 aydı (1 ile 120 ay arasında değişiyordu). Pediatrik yoğun bakım ünitesine en sık yatış nedenleri bronkopnömoni (n: 10) ve/veya sepsis idi. İki hastada pediatrik akut solunum sıkıntısı sendromu, dört hastada sepsis ve bir hastada meningoensefalit tanısı konuldu. Mortalite oranı %14,2 idi. Yoğun bakım ünitesine kabul ile ilişkili risk faktörleri arasında aşılanmamış olma, yetersiz beslenme, altta yatan bir durumun olması ve komplikasyon olarak bronkopnömoni gelişimi yer almaktadır.
SONUÇ: Önlenebilir bir hastalık olan kızamık nedeniyle yoğun bakım yatışı gereksinimi olan çocuklarda ölüm oranı erken müdahalelere rağmen yüksektir.
SERVIÇO ESPECIALIZADO EM SEGURANÇA E MEDICINA DO TRABALHO (SESMT) E A COVID-19
Authors: Alves Luciane Maria Schmidt , Krug Suzane Beatriz Frantz , Kautzmann Ana Elizabeth , Bertelli Caroline
Published: October 2022

Diante da pandemia mundial e da necessidade da adoção de estratégias de enfrentamento e prevenção no trabalho em saúde, este estudo objetiva relatar a experiência do SESMT de um hospital de referência da região sul do Brasil, em tempos de pandemia de COVID-19. Com a chegada da Covid-19 ao Brasil, o hospital passou a se organizar para o atendimento adequado de casos suspeitos e confirmados da doença. Desde o início da pandemia, o SESMT foi intensamente solicitado pelas equipes e setores do hospital para auxiliar no enfrentamento das dúvidas e dificuldades relacionadas à saúde e segurança dos trabalhadores. Foram diversas definições de protocolos referentes aos tipos de equipamentos de proteção individual (EPIs) a serem utilizados em cada atividade, bem como, repetidas capacitações e orientações realizadas e que foram sendo atualizadas com frequência, em função das modificações nas resoluções da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). Considera-se que a forma de atuação do SESMT na pandemia valorizou, de forma muito singular e significativa, suas ações e atividades na instituição hospitalar, dando visibilidade ao seu trabalho e destacando sua atuação integrada, como equipe e como serviço imprescindível para o bom desenvolvimento de ações de preservação da saúde e segurança do trabalhador.
“SOU A VOZ DO JUIZ NA RUA”
Authors: Reis Peixoto Carine , Raya Amazarray Mayte
Published: October 2022

Este artigo apresenta resultados de estudo qualitativo realizado com oficiais de justiça dos Poderes Judiciário Estadual e Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Essa categoria profissional trabalha majoritariamente na rua, enfrentando diversas situações que caracterizam uma atividade permeada de imprevisibilidades. O objetivo do estudo foi compreender as relações entre o contexto de trabalho e os processos de saúde-adoecimento para esses servidores. Utilizou-se a técnica de entrevista individual semiestruturada para coleta dos dados, tendo como participantes 30 oficiais de justiça. O material empírico foi submetido à análise temática e discutido à luz da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho. As categorias temáticas demonstraram que os participantes têm vivenciado experiências de prazer-sofrimento no trabalho, cujo impacto tem repercutido em sua saúde física e psíquica.
Распространение вариантов вируса SARS-COV-2, вызывающих озабоченность (VOC) на основе количества их геномов, депонированных в базу данных GISAID за неделю с 01.10.2022 г. по 07.10.2022 г.
Authors: Чумачкова Елена , Краснов Ярослав , Дмитриева Людмила , Осина Наталия , Зимирова Анастасия , Иванова Александра , Карнаухов Игорь , Караваева Татьяна , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: October 2022

В обзоре представлена информация по циркулирующим в настоящее время вариантам вируса SARS-COV-2 вызывающих озабоченность (VOC), геномные последовательности которых размещены в международной базе данных GISAID за неделю с 01.10.2022 г. по 07.10.2022 г.
Computer-Aided Planning and 3D-Printed Surgical Guide in Patients with Extreme Cubitus Varus Deformity
Authors: Marinelli Alessandro , Guerra Enrico , Rotini Roberto , Mortellaro Marco , Minopoli Paolo , Pietroluongo Livia Renata , Russo Raffaele
Published: October 2022

Case:

We describe 2 patients with extreme triplanar cubitus varus deformity, treated with step-cut corrective virtually planned osteotomies and performed with custom-made surgical guides. The surgery was simulated on the patients’ bone 3D-printed model to verify the effectiveness of the surgical plans. At a medium 21-month follow-up after surgery, in both patients, clinical and radiological results were fully satisfactory, and no complications have been reported.

Conclusion:

The precision of computer-aided surgical planning and custom-made surgical guides allow to perform reproducible and relatively safe surgeries even in extreme deformities where the surgical complexity could discourage attempts at surgical correction.
Review of an Initial Physician Assistant Training Program Orthopaedics Course Curriculum Using Kern's 6-Step Process
Authors: Chalupa Robyn L. , Beahm Lance A. , Donias Adrian , Nevels Torrance L. , Walters Teresa A.
Published: October 2022

Graduating an average of 169 graduates per year, the Interservice Physician Assistant Program (IPAP) is the largest physician assistant training program in the world. The IPAP orthopedics course is a 4-credit hour course that started as approximately 60 hours of lecture, 9 hours of laboratory practice to prepare for an Objective Structured Clinical Examination, and 4 hours of splinting laboratory. After several cohorts performed poorly on the second block exam and student critiques voiced the need for course revision, the curriculum committee formed a sub-committee to review the course content and structure. The primary course instructor was familiar with Kern's 6-step approach to curriculum development and proposed using the Kern’s approach for the curriculum review and revision. This article aims to demonstrate the use of Kern's 6-step approach for review and revision of an introductory orthopedic course curriculum. This article shows how an IPAP curriculum sub-committee executed the 6 steps of the Kern’s process: (1) problem identification and general needs assessment, (2) targeted needs assessment, (3) development of goals and objectives, (4) development of educational strategies, (5) implementation, and (6) evaluation and feedback. To our knowledge, this is the first example of a physician assistant program using Kern's 6-step process to revise a curriculum. Thus far, the revisions show a positive change, indicating that other physician assistant programs could conduct similar reviews using the Kern’s 6-step approach.
Sexify Sexify
Authors: Fabris Angela
Published: October 2022

Il presente contributo analizza la serie polacca Sexify (2021).
Autekologi Gemor (Nothaphoebe coriacea Kosterm.) di Kelompok Hutan Sungai Kahayan-Sungai Sebangau, Kalimantan Tengah
Authors: Heriyanto N.M. , Garsetiasih R. , Iskandar Sofian
Published: October 2022

Pohon gemor (Nothaphoebe coriacea Kosterm) merupakan salah satu pohon endemik yang tumbuh di hutan rawa gambut, yang keberadaannya semakin terancam punah karena diambil kulitnya untuk bahan baku insektisida. Penelitian autekologi gemor telah dilakukan di kelompok hutan Sungai Kahayan-Sungai Sebangau, Kalimantan Tengah pada bulan Oktober 2020, dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan potensi di habitat alamnya. Pengumpulan data menggunakan plot bujur sangkar ukuran 20 m × 20 m, jumlah satuan contoh sebanyak lima plot per lokasi dan diulang dua kali, sehingga terdapat total 10 plot. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lingkungan fisik pohon gemor pada suhu antara 25–35°C dan kelembapan udara antara 52–76%. Jenis tumih (Combretocarpus rotundatus [Miq.] Danser) berasosiasi paling kuat dengan gemor, diikuti gelam tikus (Syzygium zeylanicum [L.] DC.) dan enyak berok (Baccaurea polyneura Hook.f.). Vegetasi dominan di sekitar gemor adalah tumih (C. rotundatus), gelam tikus (S. zeylanicum), dan enyak berok (B. polyneura). Regenerasi alami gemor (N. coriacea) di kelompok hutan Sungai Kahayan-Sungai Sebangau tidak normal karena gangguan dari manusia dalam bentuk pemanfaatan kulit pohonnya.
Pendekatan Proaktif dalam Program Konservasi Sumber Daya Genetik Aneka Ubi Indonesia di Bank Gen Lapangan
Authors: Hidayatun Nurul , Dewi Nurwita , Risliawati Andari , Afza Higa , Andarini Yusi Nurmalita , Sabda Muhammad , Dwiatmini Kristina
Published: October 2022

Indonesia memiliki sumber daya genetik ubi yang cukup beragam. Sekitar 2.500 aksesi yang mencakup setidaknya 8 jenis ubi di-konservasi di bank gen lapangan Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian di Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian (BB Biogen). Tulisan ini memberikan pandangan mengenai pengelolaan koleksi sumber daya genetik aneka ubi yang dikoservasi di BB Biogen pada kurun waktu 2010–2019. Tulisan mencakup hambatan dalam pengelolaan, langkah-langkah yang telah ditempuh, dan langkah ke depan yang dibutuhkan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dalam kegiatan konservasi. Sumber data dukung utama diperoleh dari laporan tahunan kegiatan, sedangkan konsep dasar dan pedoman pengelolaan sumber daya genetik dari sumber terpercaya dijadikan sebagai acuan. Konservasi sumber daya genetik aneka ubi di BB Biogen mengalami berbagai kendala yang menyebabkan hilangnya sejumlah aksesi. Hambatan utama dalam pengelolaan aneka ubi di lapangan adalah kurang diprioritaskannya kegiatan konservasi. Beberapa pendekatan telah dilakukan untuk mengu-rangi terjadinya kehilangan aksesi, seperti pemindahan lokasi dan penggantian sistem tanam, dan perbaikan pengelolaan tenaga teknis lapangan. Pemindahan tanam dari pertanaman lapangan ke pertanaman di pot disertai penunjukan tenaga teknis khusus yang telah dilakukan terhadap enam komoditas ubi menunjukkan kondisi hasil pertanaman yang lebih baik dan berkurangnya kasus kehilangan aksesi. Upaya ini perlu diteruskan dan diterapkan untuk seluruh koleksi ubi. Selain itu, untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pengelolaan, pendekatan proaktif pada aspek yang lain juga diperlukan. Pada aspek administrasi, sistem pengelolaan yang mandiri dengan dukungan kapasitas sumber daya manusia, fasilitas, dan pembiayaan yang memadai dibutuhkan untuk menjamin keber-langsungan kegiatan operasional bank gen. Pada aspek teknis, perlu dilakukan rasionalisasi aksesi, pembentukan koleksi inti, dan meningkatkan penyimpanan duplikat keamanan melalui konservasi berbasis in vitro.
An Ontology-based approach for Modelling and Querying Alzheimer’s Disease Data
Authors: TAGLINO FRANCESCO , Cumbo Fabio , Antognoli Giulia , Arisi Ivan , D’Onofrio Mara , Perazzoni Federico , Voyat Roger , Fiscon Giulia , Conte Federica , Canevelli Marco , Bruno Giuseppe , Mecocci Patrizia , Bertolazzi Paola
Published: October 2022

Background: The recent advances in biotechnology and computer science have led to an ever-increasing availability of public biomedical data distributed in large databases worldwide. However, these data collections are far from being “big” enough and “standardized” so to be integrated, making impossible to fully exploit latest machine learning technologies for the analysis of data themselves. Hence, facing this huge flow of biomedical data is a challenging task for researchers and clinicians due to their complexity and high heterogeneity. An effective strategy to address this issue could be the building of a formal conceptual model, which in general allows the design of semantic tools to collect and explore data for a given pathology. This is the case of neurodegenerative diseases and the Alzheimer Disease (AD), in particular. The last years have witnessed the creation of specialized data collections such as the one maintained by the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), which contains the largest number of biomedical concepts in the field of AD. For this class of diseases Big Data and Deep Learning give hope for the discovery of new biomarkers for early diagnosis. Hence, a new way must be undertaken of collecting and managing biomedical data.
Results: We developed a detailed ontology for clinical multidimensional datasets from the ADNI repository in order to simplify the data access, to obtain new diagnostic knowledge about Alzheimer’s disease and ease the task of harmonization.
Conclusions: The semantic data base, populated by ADNI data will suggest new queries allowing machine learning techniques to be applied to any possible combination of data set. The conceptual model could be adopted by any center, so giving rise to new databases that, if made public available, will simplify data integration and multi center data collection projects.
Cinematographic imaging and analysis of the electron beam-induced formation of an endohedral metalloporphyrin-fullerene hybrid
Authors: Hölzel Helen , Lee Sol , Amsharov Konstantin , Jux Norbert , Harano Koji , Nakamura Eiichi , Lungerich Dominik
Published: October 2022

The bottom-up synthesis of strained hollow cage structures, such as fullerenes, using traditional thermal or photochemical methods remains one of the most challenging tasks in organic chemistry. Here, we demonstrate the synthetic use of an electron beam by in-depth single-molecule atomic resolution time-resolved transmission electron microscopy studies to induce the formation of an elusive doubly-holed fullerene-porphyrin cage structure from a well-defined benzoporphyrin precursor deposited on graphene. Through real-time imaging, we analyze the hybrid's peculiar ability to host up to two Pb atoms and subsequently gain insights into the dynamics of the Pb–Pb binding motif in this exotic metallo-organic cage structure. Through density functional theory calculations and image simulations, we conclude that the much slower secondary electrons, which accumulate in the irradiated area's periphery, can also initiate chemical reactions. Consequently, designing advanced carbon nanostructures by e-beam lithography will depend on the understanding and limitations of molecular radiation chemistry.
Effectiveness of Aligners Versus Rapid Palatal Expander on Palatal Volume in Mixed Dentition Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bruni Alessandro , Gallo Vittorio , Parrini Simone , Ferrillo Martina , Garino Francesco , Deregibus Andrea , Castroflorio Tommaso
Published: October 2022

Aim.
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects on the palatal volume and surface area measurements, as well as on the inter-dental linear measurements, produced by CAT compared with RPE in mixed dentition patients.

Methods.
In this open two-arm parallel groups multi-center equal-randomized (1:1) interventional prospective trial 39 patients were assigned to one of two expansion methods (arm A: Invisalign®
First clear aligners, arm B: tooth-borne Hyrax-type maxillary expander) according to a computer-generated randomization list immediately before the start of treatment. Inclusion criteria were (1) indications for maxillary expansion treatment, (2) mixed dentition, (3) cervical vertebral maturation stage (CVMS) not exceeding 4, (4) erupted first moalrs, (5) transverse discrepancy ≤5mm, (6) upper second premolar cusps position apical to half pulp chamber (HPC) line of the ipsilateral upper first permanent molars on pre-treatment panoramic radiographs, (7) good standards of oral hygiene. Digital models were obtained before and after treatment using intraoral scanner (iTero® Element, AlignTechnology, San Jose, CA, USA). Palatal volume and surface area were measured with Geomagic Control X (3D Systems Inc., Rock Hill, SC, USA) as the primary endpoint. Linear measures of upper arch (inter-canine width at cusp and gingival level; inter-molar width at cusp and gingival level) were measured as the secondary endpoint. Due to the nature of the intervention blinding was not possible. Potential statistical differences between the two intervention groups were evaluated.

Results.
A significant increment in palatal volume (p<0.05) was observed in aligner group aligners (243,95±473,24 mm 3 mean increase) and in RPE group (532,01±540,52 mm 3 mean increase). Also surface area has increased in aligner group (64,51±64,25 mm 2 mean increase) and RPE group (81,34±71,05 mm 2 mean increase). A significant increase was experienced in both groups for linear measurements too. No differences (p<0.05) were detected in terms of variation from T0 to T1 between aligners and RPE group for all the outcomes assessed, except for inter-molar width at gingival level (tab.3).

Conclusions.
A significant increase in palatal volume, so as in the other parameters, has been proved for both treatments.
Strong HONO Emissions from Fertilized Soil in the North China Plain Driven by Nitrification and Water Evaporation
Authors: Xue Chaoyang , Ye Can , Liu Pengfei , Zhang Chenglong , Su Hang , Bao Fengxia , Cheng Yafang , Catoire Valéry , Ma Zhuobiao , Zhao Xiaoxi , Lu Keding , Liu Yuhan , McGillen Max , Mellouki Abdelwahid , Mu Yujing
Published: October 2022

Soil was proposed as an important nitrous acid (HONO) source but has not so far been demonstrated by field flux measurements and its atmospheric impacts are highly uncertain. Through field flux measurements we found strong soil HONO emission flux (FHONO) enhanced by nitrogen fertilizer use for agricultural fields. FHONO showed distinct diurnal variations with noontime peaks up to hundreds of ng-N m-2 s-1. With soil samples where field measurements took place, our laboratory experiments subsequently found that the release of soil nitrification-originated nitrite as HONO was largely accelerated by surface water exchange. This process was parameterized by a modified Arrhenius equation that reproduced field flux observations well. With the consideration of FHONO, the box model could well reproduce the observed ambient HONO and found that FHONO could significantly accelerate ozone production, highlighting the amplified role of nitrogen fertilizer in exacerbating regional ozone pollution. Moreover, we found that nitrification inhibitors could reduce HONO emissions by ~90%, indicating their great potential to mitigate air pollution. Furthermore, we estimated yearly HONO emission of 0.25 Tg-N from global fertilizer use for agriculture, representing a considerable reactive nitrogen source and significantly affecting atmospheric oxidizing capacity and air quality on a global scale.
A protocol pre-specified interim overall survival analysis of the randomised phase III GEMSTONE-302 trial: sugemalimab or placebo plus platinum-based chemotherapy for first-line metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhou Caicun , Wang Ziping , Yang Jason
Published: October 2022

In the primary analysis of the GEMSTONE-302 trial, sugemalimab plus platinum-based chemotherapy conferred significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) versus placebo in patients with previously untreated metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with no known driver oncogene alterations. Here we report data from a protocol pre-specified interim overall survival (OS) analysis of that trial. In this randomised, double-blind, phase III trial (NCT03789604), adult patients with systemic-treatment-naïve stage IV NSCLC and no known driver oncogene alterations were randomised 2:1 to receive sugemalimab (1200 mg, intravenously) or placebo plus platinum-based chemotherapy every 3 weeks for up to four cycles, followed by maintenance therapy with intravenous sugemalimab or placebo plus pemetrexed (non-squamous NSCLC) or sugemalimab or placebo (squamous NSCLC). Placebo-treated patients could cross over to receive sugemalimab monotherapy upon disease progression. As of 22 November 2021 [median follow-up, 25.4 months (sugemalimab) vs 24.9 months (placebo)], median OS was 25.4 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 20.1-not reached] and 16.9 months (95% CI 12.8–20.7) for the sugemalimab and placebo groups, respectively [hazard ratio (HR) 0.65, 95% CI 0.50–0.84;P = 0.0008]. Median investigator-assessed PFS was 9.0 months (95% CI 7.4–10.9) and 4.9 months (95% CI 4.8–5.2), respectively (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.40–0.61;P < 0.0001). The OS and PFS benefit with sugemalimab was maintained regardless of histology types and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Sugemalimab-treated patients had a significantly higher objective response rate (ORR) versus placebo (63.4% versus 40.3%;P < 0.0001) with a longer median duration of response [9.9 months (95% CI 8.6–13.2) versus 4.4 months (95% CI 3.5–6.1)]. There were no new safety signals. Sugemalimab plus chemotherapy conferred a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in OS and PFS regardless of PD-L1 expression and histology types, supporting sugemalimab as a new first-line treatment option for metastatic NSCLC.
CsPbBr3/graphene nanowall artificial optoelectronic synapses for controllable perceptual learning
Authors: Yue Zengji , Li Runze , Dong Yibo , Qian Fengsong , Yang Xieyi , Chen Xi , Zhang Qiming , Gu Min
Published: October 2022

The rapid development of neuromorphic computing has stimulated extensive research interest in artificial synapses. Optoelectronic artificial synapses using laser beams as stimulus signals have the advantages of broadband, fast response, and low crosstalk. However, the optoelectronic synapses usually exhibit short memory duration due to the low lifetime of the photo-generated carriers. It greatly limits the mimicking of human perceptual learning, which is a common phenomenon in sensory interactions with the environment and practices of specific sensory tasks. Herein, a heterostructure optoelectronic synapse based on graphene nanowalls and CsPbBr 3 quantum dots was fabricated. The graphene/CsPbBr 3 heterojunction and the natural middle energy band in graphene nanowalls extend the carrier lifetime. Therefore, a long half-life period of photocurrent decay - 35.59 s has been achieved. Moreover, the long-term optoelectronic response can be controlled by the adjustment of numbers, powers, wavelengths, and frequencies of the laser pulses. Next, an artificial neural network consisting of a 28 × 28 synaptic array was established. It can be used to mimic a typical characteristic of human perceptual learning that the ability of sensory systems is enhanced through a learning experience. The learning behavior of image recognition can be tuned based on the photocurrent response control. The accuracy of the image recognition keeps above 80% even under a lowfrequency learning process. We also verify that less time is required to regain the lost sensory ability that has been previously learned. This approach paves the way toward high-performance intelligent devices with controllable learning of visual perception.
Imaging modality-dependent carotid stenosis severity variations against intravascular ultrasound as a reference: Carotid Artery intravasculaR Ultrasound Study (CARUS)
Authors: Tekieli Lukasz , Kablak-Ziembicka Anna , Dabrowski Wladyslaw , Dzierwa Karolina , Moczulski Zbigniew , Urbanczyk-Zawadzka Malgorzata , Mazurek Adam , Stefaniak Justyna , Krupinski Maciej , Przewlocki Tadeusz , Odrowaz-Pieniazek Piotr , Musialek Piotr
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Different non-invasive and invasive imaging modalities are used to determine carotid artery stenosis severity as a principal parameter in clinical decision-making. We compared stenosis degree obtained with different modalities against intravascular ultrasound (IVUS).

Methods

300 consecutive patients (age 47–83 years, 192 men, 68% symptomatic) with carotid artery stenosis of “≥50%” referred for potential revascularization received as per study protocol (i) duplex ultrasound (DUS), (ii) computed tomography angiography (CTA), (iii) invasive quantitative angiography (iQA) and (iv) the vascular imaging gold standard, IVUS. Correlation of measurements with IVUS (r), proportion of those concordant (within 10%) and proportion of under/overestimated were calculated along with recipient-operating-characteristics (ROC).

Results

For IVUS area stenosis (AS) and IVUS minimal lumen area (MLA), there was only a moderate correlation with DUS velocities (peak-systolic, PSV; end-diastolic, EDV; r values of 0.42–0.51, p < 0.001 for all). CTA systematically underestimated both reference area and MLA (80.4% and 92.3% cases) but CTA error was lesser for AS (proportion concordant-57.4%; CTA under/overestimation 12.5%/30.1%). iQA diameter stenosis (DS) was found concordant with IVUS in 41.1% measurements (iQA under/overestimation 7.9%/51.0%). By univariate model, PSV (ROC area-under-the-curve, AUC, 0.77, cutoff 2.6m/s), EDV (AUC 0.72, cutoff 0.71m/s) and CTA-DS (AUC 0.83, cutoff 59.6%) were predictors of ≥ 50% DS by IVUS (p < 0.001 for all). Best predictor, however, of ≥ 50% DS by IVUS was iQA densitometry (AUC 0.87, cutoff 68%, p < 0.001). On multivariate model, however, CTA came as the sole independent non-invasive diagnostic modality (p = 0.008).

Conclusion

IVUS validation shows significant imaging modality-dependent variations in carotid stenosis severity determination.
Direct visualization of dark exciton condensates in moiré superlattices
Authors: Liu Huan , Wang Jiangcai , Chen Shihong , Sun Zejun , Xu Haowen , Han Yishu , Wang Chong , Liu Huixian , Huang Li , Liu Dameng , Luo Jianbin
Published: October 2022

Moiré superlattices have emerged as an unprecedented manipulation tool for engineering correlated quantum phenomena in van der Waals heterostructures1-4. With moiré potentials as a naturally configurable solid-state that sustains high exciton density, interlayer excitons in transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) heterostructures are expected to achieve high-temperature exciton condensation and related superfluidity5. However, the exciton condensation is usually optically inactive due to the finite momentum of interlayer excitons. The experimental observation of dark exciton condensation in moiré potentials remains challenging with traditional optical techniques. Here we directly visualize the dark-exciton condensation in twisted TMDC heterostructures using femtosecond transient absorption microscopy. We observe a quantum transition from classical exciton gas to exciton condensation by imaging temperature-dependent exciton transport. With decreasing temperature, exciton diffusion rates exhibit an accelerating downwards trend under a critical degeneracy temperature, indicative of exciton condensation. This result is attributed to moiré potentials drastically suppressing exciton transport to promote exciton condensation. The ability to image exciton condensates opens the door to quantum information processing6 and high-precision metrology in moiré superlattices.
Age and sex dependent inhalation doses for different human organs from indoor thoron and radon progeny concentration
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Kumar Ajay , Mehra Rohit
Published: October 2022

In the assessment of health effects due to inhalation of radon and thoron progeny aerosols, particle size is one of the most influential parameters. Therefore, the present work aimed at deposition of inhaled particles in different body organs (bone surfaces, spleen, breast, stomach, kidneys, lungs, liver, and ET airways) from radon and thoron progeny concentration were calculated taking into account eight age and sex groups for the inhibitors of Reasi district, Jammu & Kashmir, India. The estimated age dependent mean doses for different body organs due to inhalation of radon progeny through air for all age groups varied between 1.05E-08 and 0.08 n Svy− 1 and due to inhalation of thoron progeny varied between 7.72E-08 and 6.52E-04 Svy− 1 which were found to be well within the recommended limit of 1000 µSvy− 1(ICRP 2010). The percentage contribution of thoron progeny dose is negligible for spleen, brain, stomach ULI, and LLI, respectively and contributes only 1–4% to bone surfaces, kidneys, and liver for all age groups. However, The percentage contribution of radon progeny dose is negligible for all body organs except lungs and ET airways, respectively. A good positive correlation has been observed between all radon and thoron progeny concentrations.
Safety evaluation of an anti-haemorrhoid (pile) herbal recipe (locally called ‘agbo jedi-jedi’) of southwestern Nigeria using animal genetic assays
Authors: AKINBORO AKEEM , Ibrahim Asiata , Muhammed Jemilat , Oloyede Hamidah , Alimi Rofiat
Published: October 2022

Background In this study, an anti-haemorrhoid herbal recipe containing bark ofAlstonia booneiand dried cloves -Syzygium aromaticumwas investigated for cytogenotoxicity, mutagenicity and histopathological effects following the micronucleus and sperm morphology assays using Swiss albino rats. The rats were administered anti-haemorrhoid herbal recipe at 25.0%, 50.0% and 100.0%, while distilled water and 0.05% sodium azide were the negative and positive controls, respectively. Phytochemicals in the herbal recipe were elucidated using the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID) techniques. Results In the treated rats, there was increase in body weight, cells division inhibition, micronucleated erythrocytes (MNPCEs & MNNCEs) and abnormal sperm cells were significantly induced at 100.0% (P < 0.05), whereas 25.0% promoted cell division. The herbal recipe at 50.0% and 100.0% did not cause any histopathological damages on the liver, kidney and testis except 25.0%. Polyphenolics, terpenoids and alkaloids were detected in the anti-haemorrhoid herbal recipe which could be cytotoxic, clastogenic and spermatotoxic at a high concentration (100.0%). Conclusion These results necessitate regulation and control of consumption of this anti-haemorrhoid herbal recipe by people through the authorized government agencies in Nigeria.
The Selective Inhibitory Effect of Silver Nitroprusside Nanoparticles on Breast Tumor Growth
Authors: Fernandes Daniela Silvestrini , Jayme Cristiano Ceron , Matsuo Flavia Sayuri , de Lima Sarah Caroline Gomes , Fantacini Daianne Maciely Carvalho , de Souza Lucas Eduardo Botelho , Tedesco Antonio Claudio
Published: October 2022

A number of different metallic nanoparticles have been extensively investigated in recent years based on their diverse potential in biomedical and cancer applications, antibacterial activity, and chemical properties. Here, silver nitroprusside nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared from silver nitrate and sodium nitroprusside, and their anticancer activity was evaluated. AgNPs were prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (DRX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray dispersive energy spectroscopy (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In vitro tests were performed using two breast cancer cell lines, including a non-malignant breast epithelial cell line (MCF-10A) and a breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). The results obtained through cytotoxicity assays (MTT and resazurin) and bright-field microscopy revealed that AgNPs (3.0 mg/mL) exhibited specific selectivity for non-malignant breast epithelial cells. They were toxic to tumorigenic cells (MCF-7) with a lower selective toxicity to non-malignant breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A). In vivo imaging system (IVIS) imaging demonstrated the antitumor activity of AgNPs (3.0 mg/mL) compared to that of the control, and this was confirmed through histological analysis without any potential systemic toxicity. These results suggest that AgNPs possess potential anticancer applications in breast cancer treatment.
Beyond Model Splitting: Preventing Label Inference Attacks in Vertical Federated Learning with Dispersed Training
Authors: Wang Yilei , Lv Qingzhe , Zhao Minghao , Sun Yuhong , Ran Lingkai , Li Tao
Published: October 2022

Federated learning is an emerging paradigm that enables multiple organizations to jointly train a model without revealing their private data. As an important variant, vertical federated learning (VFL) deals with cases in which collaborating organizations own data of the same set of users but with disjoint features. It is generally regarded that VFL is more secure than horizontal federated learning. However, recent research (USENIX Security’22) reveals that it is still possible to conduct label inference attacks in VFL, in which attacker can acquire privately owned labels of other participants; even VFL constructed with model splitting (the kind of VFL architecture with higher security guarantee) cannot escape it. To solve this issue, in this paper, we propose the dispersed training framework. It utilizes secret sharing to break the correlations between the bottom model and the training data. Accordingly, even if the attacker receives the gradients in the training phase, he is incapable to deduce the feature representation of labels from the bottom model. Besides, we design a customized model aggregation method such that the shared model can be privately combined, and the linearity of secret sharing schemes ensures the training accuracy to be preserved. Theoretical and experimental analyses indicate the satisfactory performance and effectiveness of our framework.
A closer look at third-party punishment under the risk of counterpunishment: An effect of additional material (and not social) costs
Authors: Toribio-Flórez Daniel , Cypris Niklas , Brüggemann Marie , Şeker Firat , Baumert Anna
Published: October 2022

Previous work has pointed to the anticipated reaction of the perpetrator of a norm violation (i.e, counterpunishment) as a main discouraging factor of third-party punishment. To date, the only experimental study addressing the impact of counterpunishment (Balafoutas et al., 2014) demonstrated that, indeed, the likelihood of third-party punishment decreased under the risk of counterpunishment. However, the underlying mechanisms of counterpunishment remain unclear. The present research examined two non-mutually exclusive accounts. The effect of counterpunishment could be due to a) the additional material costs counterpunishment imposes on third parties (additional cost account), and/or b) the explicit interpersonal conflict counterpunishment entails, and which people might try to avoid (antagonism aversion account). In two studies (Ns = 443, 1662), we experimentally disentangled these two accounts by comparing the decrease in third-party punishment under risk of counterpunishment and under risk of an algorithm imposing an equivalent cost on third-party punishment. Relative to a baseline condition, third-party punishment similarly decreased across the two experimental conditions (Studies 1 and 2). Importantly, this decrease depended on the magnitude of counterpunishment (Study 2). Our results suggest that, despite the social nature of counterpunishment, its effect should be understood as an effect of material costs on third-party punishment.
Genomics prominent role of the PAX family in Tumorigenesis Running Title: The PAX family in Tumorigenesis
Authors: Choudhury Shouhartha
Published: October 2022

The tumour in the brain is a glial cell origin. Tumour factors govern cell fate during development. Murine PAX family control the transcription of embryonic cell lineages and contribute an immense role during development. PAX1-PAX9 genes assist the origination of neural crest in the NS (nervous system). Also, paired-box-associated genes emerged with numerous derivatives during neurogenesis. So, the tumorigenesis in CNS suggested a novel molecular signature found among factors in neurogenesis. An early study demonstrated the paired-box domain involved genes degraded by molecular and immunogenic mechanisms in tumours such as Wilms tumour, Rhabdomyosarcoma, Brain tumour, and Lymphoma. The paired-box domain-mediated genes in tumour development are the subject of rigorous investigation of proliferation and prevention of apoptotic strategy. Therefore, I performed a genome-wide analysis to prevail enlightenment of PAX domains in the mammalian genome. In this study, I observed paired-box domains containing genes in two different organisms (i.e. Homo sapiens and Mus musculus). In this document, my analysis data provided that the PAX domain-containing genes promote a unique group of proto-oncogenes. Also, the analysis data suggested PAX3 (target gene) and the number of PAX domain-initiated genes in the PAX family. My observation concluded the PAX domain-containing genes control the equilibrium between growth and polarity in multifunctional cells. The normal functions of the PAX3 gene might be a feature of tumour biology. In contrast, the fusion genes (PAX3 and FOXO1) potentially target for cancer-immunotherapy.
Kinetics Investigation of Cis-Trans Isomerization Reaction of Azobenzene in Ionic Liquids: Role of Viscosity and Polarity
Authors: Thawarkar Sachin , Udavant Rohini , Warangule Amol , Borude Kailash , Huge Kishor , Khupse Nageshwar
Published: October 2022

We have examined the kinetic of cis to trans isomerization of azobenzene in different classes of ionic liquids. The role of rate controlling properties of ionic liquids such as polarity and viscosity were investigated in cis to trans isomerization of azobenzene and substituted azobenzene. Two classes of imidazolium protic and aprotic ionic liquids were used in this study and having broad range in polarity and viscosity of these ionic liquids. The polarity of ionic liquids directed the isomerization through the stabilization of polar transition state while viscosity plays role in the force of friction the rotation mechanism. Rate of isomerization is higher in more polar bromide based ionic liquids compared to low polar [BF4]- based ionic liquids and also rate of isomerization in polar protic ionic liquids is higher than polar aprotic ionic liquids. The effect of viscosity is restricted to particular series of ionic liquids either of [BF4]- or Br- series, however, polarity of ionic liquids very important in stabilization of polar transition state of azobenzene. In the case of substituted azobenzene based ionic liquids, inversion mechanism is more prominent due to the presence of ester as electron withdrawing group on azobenzene. Interestingly, rate of isomerization of substituted azobenzene in low alkyl chain [bmIm]+ and [hmIm]+ based ionic liquids is depends on polarity and viscosity while in higher alkyl chain [omIm]+ ionic liquids, the isomerization of azobenzene is depend on the structural orientations. From the temperature dependent kinetic study, it is observed that the isomerization of azobenzene is enthalpically favorable.
Universal suppression of superfluid weight by non-magnetic disorder in $s$-wave superconductors independent of quantum geometry and band dispersion
Authors: Lau Alexander , Peotta Sebastiano , Pikulin Dmitry , Rossi Enrico , Hyart Timo
Published: October 2022

Motivated by the experimental progress in controlling the properties of the energy bands in superconductors, significant theoretical efforts have been devoted to study the effect of the quantum geometry and the flatness of the dispersion on the superfluid weight. In conventional superconductors, where the energy bands are wide and the Fermi energy is large, the contribution due to the quantum geometry is negligible, but in the opposite limit of flat-band superconductors the superfluid weight originates purely from the quantum geometry of Bloch wave functions.
Here, we study how the energy band dispersion and the quantum geometry affect the disorder-induced suppression of the superfluid weight.
In particular, we consider non-magnetic disorder and s-wave superconductivity.
Surprisingly, we find that the disorder-dependence of the superfluid weight is universal across a variety of models, and independent of the quantum geometry and the flatness of the dispersion. Our results suggest that a flat-band superconductor is as resilient to disorder as a conventional superconductor.
Efficacy of probiotics for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Tsukanov V. V. , Vasyutin A. V. , Tonkikh Ju. L.
Published: October 2022

A review of current literature data was made, substantiating the high prevalence and social significance of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In different regions of the world, the prevalence of IBS ranges from 10% to 15%. The pathogenesis of IBS is a multifactorial process, including dysmotility, sluggish immune inflammation, changes in intestinal permeability, dysbiosis, exposure to infectious agents, malnutrition, neurohumoral dysregulation, changes in the central nervous system (psychological stress, cognitive dysfunction) in combination with genetic factors. The complexity of the pathogenesis determines the heterogeneity of the clinical manifestations of IBS, among which there may be forms with a predominance of pain, constipation, diarrhea, flatulence, which in turn complicates approaches to the treatment of this disease. The decisive importance of fecal dysbiosis for the pathogenesis of functional bowel pathology is now recognized. A 2019 systematic review showed a clear decrease in the genera Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium, an increase in the families Lactobacillaceae, Enterobacteriaceae and the genus Bacteroides in patients with IBS compared with healthy individuals. The Rome IV criteria, the recommendations of the British Society of Gastroenterology, the United European Gastroenterology and the European Society for Neurogastroenterology and Motility, the Russian Gastroenterological Association substantiate the use of probiotics for the treatment of IBS. Placebo-controlled clinical studies confirm the action of Bifidobacterium longum 35624 to normalize the frequency and form of stools, relieve general symptoms, abdominal pain, bloating, and improve the quality of life in patients with IBS. The expert council, held on March 18, 2022 in Moscow, chaired by the chief gastroenterologist of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Academician of the RAS V.T. Ivashkin, confirmed the effectiveness of probiotics for the treatment of IBS.
Pathogenetic role of cholecystokinin in functional dyspepsia
Authors: Shklyaev A. E. , Kazarin D. D. , Shutova A. A. , Maksimov K. V. , Grigoreva O. A.
Published: October 2022

Introduction. The high prevalence of functional dyspepsia in the population requires detailing the mechanisms of its development with the definition of the role of hormones of the gastrointestinal tract in the development of clinical symptoms.Purpose of the study: to clarify the pathogenetic role of cholecystokinin in functional dyspepsia.Materials and methods. A prospective examination of 90 people aged 22.3 ± 0.17 years, divided into 3 groups, was carried out: patients with postprandial distress syndrome (PDS), patients with epigastric pain syndrome (EPS), practically healthy. The participants of the study were questioned according to the GSRS questionnaire, their anthropometric data, the concentration of cholecystokinin in the blood before and after the drinking test were determined. Statistical processing included calculation of means, their errors, Mann-Whitney U-test for independent samples and Wilcoxon W-test for related samples, Spearman’s rank correlation test.Results. Patients with EPS are characterized by a statistically significantly greater severity of abdominal pain syndrome (4.33 ± 0.51 points) than those suffering from PDS (2.47 ± 0.38 points) and healthy people (2.19 ± 0.22 points). Dyspeptic syndrome is more typical for patients with PDS (2.07 ± 0.12 points) than those with EPS (1.10 ± 0.04 points). Patients with PDS are characterized by higher values of height, hip volume, lean mass, waist to hip ratio than patients with EPS. The concentration of cholecystokinin in the blood on an empty stomach in patients with EPS (213.37 ± 14.35 pg/ml) is statistically significantly higher than in those examined with PDS (129.45 ± 10.44 pg/ml) and healthy people (146.99 ± 5.17 pg/ml). The level of cholecystokinin in the blood after water exercise in patients with PDS increased statistically significantly to 176.14 ± 8.16 pg/ml, with EPS – decreased to 187.98 ± 7.26 pg/ml. Correlations between the magnitude of cholecystokininemia and the main anthropometric data in EPS and PDS are multidirectional.Conclusion. Cholecystokinin plays an important role in the pathogenesis of gastroduodenal motility disorders in patients with functional dyspepsia.