bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trap or Opportunity: Impact of the Fishing Ban Compensation Policy on the Income of Returning Fishermen in China
Authors: Feng Ji , Wen Yali , Zhang Huiyuan , Hou Yilei , Zhang Zhe
Published: May 2024

The conflict between biodiversity conservation and economic development is intense in developing countries. With the decline in biodiversity, the Chinese government imposed a 10-year fishing ban in the priority waters of the Yangtze River Basin, which resulted in many fishermen losing their livelihood. However, a compensation policy was subsequently introduced. To investigate the impact of the ban, we conducted a two-year study using balanced panel data and the PSM-DID model for 365 households in the Poyang Lake area and introduced fixed effects to discuss the impact of the Yangtze River fishing ban compensation policy on the income of returning fishermen and their choices for alternative income. We also explored the interactive effects of fishing ban compensation and other biodiversity conservation policies on their income. The results showed that the fishing ban negatively impacted the agricultural income of households but not the total household income, and the compensation somewhat subsidized the fishermen’s loss of income. Moreover, this was an opportunity for farmers to adjust their livelihood strategies. These findings improve our understanding of the impact of this fishing ban and compensation policy on the household incomes of returning fishermen and their adaptive strategies for alternative income.
Study Roadmap Selection Based on the Thermal Comfort of Street Trees in Summer: A Case Study from a University Campus in China
Authors: Zheng Guorui , Xu Han , Liu Fan , Lin Xinya , Wang Suntian , Dong Jianwen
Published: May 2024

The intensification of the urban heat island effect, characterized by persistent high temperatures in Chinese cities during summer, has led to notable shifts in urban residents’ activity patterns and travel preferences. Given that street trees, as fundamental components of urban road networks, have significant interaction with residents, it is imperative to investigate their thermal comfort impact. This study aims to enhance the comfortable summer travel experience for urban dwellers. Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU) was selected as the case study site, with eight street tree species identified as measurement points. The summer solstice (21 June 2023) served as the representative weather condition. Through monitoring temperature and humidity, the study explored the correlation between street tree species, their characteristic factors, and thermal comfort. Utilizing ENVI-met and ArcGIS, the thermal comfort of campus travel routes was assessed, leading to the development of a summer travel guide based on thermal comfort considerations. The research novelty lies in applying a combined ENVI-met 5.0.2 and ArcGIS 10.8 software approach for modelling and visualizing the microclimate, which enables a more precise analysis of the thermal comfort variations of different campus paths, thus improving the accuracy and applicability of the results in urban planning. The findings reveal several points. (1) Different street trees possess varying capacities to enhance human comfort, with Falcataria falcata and Mangifera indica exhibiting the strongest cooling and humidifying effects, whereas Bauhinia purpurea and Amygdalus persica perform the poorest. Additionally, the research confirms ENVI-met’s scientific accuracy and practicality for microclimate studies. (2) The contribution of street trees to the comfort of campus road travel is primarily determined by the Sky View Factor (SVF), which negatively correlates with cooling and humidifying intensity and positively with thermal comfort. (3) During midday, travel comfort conditions on campus roads are better. Based on the thermal comfort assessment, a summer roadmap was created for the campus. In this case, the campus roads indicated by road A are considered the best travel routes in summer, and the roads indicated by roads B and C are considered alternatives for travelling. This practical application demonstrates how theoretical research results can be translated into practical tools for daily commuting and urban planning. It provides data references and empirical cases for the scientific optimization and enhancement of urban roads.
Provincial Coal Flow Efficiency of China Quantified by Three-Stage Data-Envelopment Analysis
Authors: Jiang Gaopeng , Jin Rui , Lu Cuijie , Gao Menglong , Li Jie
Published: May 2024

The exploration of regional variations in coal flow efficiency (CFE) in China and the collaborative strategies for emission reduction are vital for accelerating the progress of ecological civilization within the coal industry and achieving an optimal allocation of coal resources. To unveil the evolutionary traits of actual CFE and its decomposition, this study employs a current technology based on a combined super-efficient measure (SBM), global SBM, the stochastic frontier approach (SFA), and the global Malmquist–Luenberger index (GML) model on panel data from 2010 to 2021 across 30 provinces in China. The research conclusions are as follows. First, significant efficiency gaps are observed among provinces, showcasing superior performance in the north and east regions. Moreover, the impact of environmental factors and random disruptions on individual slack variables varies, resulting in a decrease of 0.18 and 0.43 in the CFE of source-area and sink-area when these factors are not taken into account. Thirdly, a clear distinction emerges between the technical efficiency change index (EC) and the best-practice gap change index (BPC). Lastly, the CFE displays regional disparities marked by an upward trajectory and fluctuating patterns resembling a “W” shape.
Toxicity of Bioactive Compounds of Strychnos pseudoquina (Loganiaceae) in Spodoptera frugiperda (Noctuidae)
Authors: Souza Tainá A. A. , Menezes Antônio C. S. , Santos Cássia K. G. , Jesus Flávio G. , Rocha Ednaldo C. , Araújo Márcio S.
Published: May 2024

The objective of this study was to assess the toxicity of leaf and bark extracts of Strycns pseudoquina and their fractions, as well as flavonoids isolated from its bark, in a population of Spodoptera frugiperda. Crude bark and leaf extracts, as well as fractions of these extracts, were obtained using a rotary evaporator and different solvents; the ethyl acetate fraction was obtained, and flavonoid compounds were isolated, consisting mostly of 3-O-methylquercetin and minimally of strychnobiflavone. The crude extracts, extract fractions, and isolated flavonoids were applied separately to maize leaves, which were offered to S. frugiperda larvae; then, biological parameters of this insect population were evaluated. Toxic effects of topical applications of the isolated flavonoids on the larvae were also evaluated. The results highlighted the larvicidal effects of the crude bark extract and its fractions and the significant toxicity of this crude extract (LC50 = 0.048%), which was six times more toxic to larvae than its ethyl acetate fraction (LC50 = 0.288%). The investigated flavonoids showed no significant larvicidal effect. The pronounced larvicidal effect of S. pseudoquina bark crude extract and its fractions on S. frugiperda indicates that this plant presents an insecticidal potential to be explored in integrated pest management programs.
Spatiotemporal Flood Hazard Map Prediction Using Machine Learning for a Flood Early Warning Case Study: Chiang Mai Province, Thailand
Authors: Panyadee Pornnapa , Champrasert Paskorn
Published: May 2024

Floods cause disastrous damage to the environment, economy, and humanity. Flood losses can be reduced if adequate management is implemented in the pre-disaster period. Flood hazard maps comprise disaster risk information displayed on geo-location maps and the potential flood events that occur in an area. This paper proposes a spatiotemporal flood hazard map framework to generate a flood hazard map using spatiotemporal data. The framework has three processes: (1) temporal prediction, which uses the LSTM technique to predict water levels and rainfall for the next time; (2) spatial interpolation, which uses the IDW technique to estimate values; and (3) map generation, which uses the CNN technique to predict flood events and generate flood hazard maps. The study area is Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. The generated hazard map covers 20,107 km2. There are 14 water-level telemetry stations and 16 rain gauge stations. The proposed model accurately predicts water level and rainfall, as demonstrated by the evaluation results (RMSE, MAE, and R2). The generated map has a 95.25% mean accuracy and a 97.25% mean F1-score when compared to the actual flood event. The framework enhances the accuracy and responsiveness of flood hazard maps to reduce potential losses before floods occur.
Promoting Sustainable Coal Gas Development: Microscopic Seepage Mechanism of Natural Fractured Coal Based on 3D-CT Reconstruction
Authors: Zhang Chunwang , Jin Zhixin , Feng Guorui , Zhang Lei , Gao Rui , Li Chun
Published: May 2024

Green mining is an effective way to achieve sustainable development in the coal industry. Preventing coal and gas outburst dynamic disasters are essential for ensuring sustainable and safe mining. The numerous microscopic pores within the coal serve as the primary storage space for gas, making it critical to explore the structural distribution and seepage characteristics to reveal the disaster mechanism. Under mining stress, gas within the micropores of the coal migrates outward through cracks, with these cracks exerting a significant control effect on gas migration. Therefore, this study focuses on utilizing natural fractured coal bodies as research objects, employing a micro-CT imaging system to conduct scanning tests and digital core technology to reconstruct sample pore and fracture structures in three dimensions, and characterizing the pores, cracks, skeleton structure, and connectivity. A representative elementary volume (REV) containing macro cracks was selected to establish an equivalent model of the pore network, and a seepage simulation analysis was performed using the visualization software. Revealing the seepage characteristics of fractured coal mass from a microscopic perspective. The research results can provide guidance for gas drainage and dynamic disaster early warning in deep coal mines, thus facilitating the sustainable development of coal mining enterprises.
Green Buying Behaviour: An Integrated Model
Authors: Duque Oliva Edison Jair , Sánchez-Torres Javier A. , Arroyo-Cañada Francisco-Javier , Argila-Irurita Ana , Fuente Jaime Gil-La , Palacio-López Sandra-Milena , Arrubla-Zapata Juan-Pablo
Published: May 2024

The pursuit of a sustainable world has today compelled both companies and individuals to scrutinize the environmental impact of goods and services. As a result, the field of green marketing, encompassing topics like sustainability, ecologism, and social impact, has gained significance. This study aims to explore the attributes influencing consumers’ decisions to purchase green products. The research builds upon an extensive literature review conducted using databases such as Scopus and Web of Science. The resulting model integrates the variables linked to green buying behaviour. Empirical analysis utilizing partial least squares (PLS) methodology validates multiple hypotheses, including those concerning personality traits, altruistic attitude, environmental commitment, and the influence of social factors. This study also highlights the intricate relationship between environmental awareness, positive attitudes towards green products, and perceptions of greenwashing. In conclusion, this research contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the factors guiding consumers towards sustainable purchasing choices, shedding light on the intricate interplay of attitudes, influences, and perceptions in the realm of green consumption.
Evaluation of Classification Performance of New Layered Convolutional Neural Network Architecture on Offline Handwritten Signature Images
Authors: Ozkan Yasin , Erdogmus Pakize
Published: May 2024

While there are many verification studies on signature images using deep learning algorithms in the literature, there is a lack of studies on the classification of signature images. Signatures are used as a means of identification for banking, security controls, symmetry, certificates, and contracts. In this study, the aim was to design network architectures that work very fast in areas that require only signature images. For this purpose, a new Si-CNN network architecture with existing layers was designed. Afterwards, a new loss function and layer (Si-CL), a novel architecture using Si-CL as classification layer in Si-CNN to increase the performance of this architecture, was designed. This architecture was called Si-CNN+NC (New Classification). Si-CNN and Si-CNN+NC were trained with two datasets. The first dataset which was used for training is the “C-Signatures” (Classification Signatures) dataset, which was created to test these networks. The second dataset is the “Cedar” dataset, which is a benchmark dataset. The number of classes and sample numbers in the two datasets are symmetrical with each other. To compare the performance of the trained networks, four of the most well-known pre-trained networks, GoogleNet, DenseNet201, Inceptionv3, and ResNet50, were also trained with the two datasets with transfer learning. The findings of the study showed that the proposed network models can learn features from two different handwritten signature images and achieve higher accuracy than other benchmark models. The test success of the trained networks showed that the Si-CNN+NC network outperforms the others, in terms of both accuracy and speed. Finally, Si-CNN and Si-CNN+NC networks were trained with the gold standard dataset MNIST and showed superior performance. Due to its superior performance, Si-CNN and Si-CNN+NC can be used by signature experts as an aid in a variety of applications, including criminal detection and forgery.
Monophyly or Homoplasy? The Relationships of a Rare New Species of Cambeva (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest with a Bicolored Caudal Pattern
Authors: Costa Wilson J. E. M. , Feltrin Caio R. M. , Mattos José Leonardo O. , Katz Axel M.
Published: May 2024

The Brazilian Atlantic Forest, one the five main biodiversity hotspots in the world, still houses many organisms that are rare and unknown to science, mostly concentrated in mountain ranges. Herein, we describe a rare new species of Cambeva from the Rio Tietê drainage at the Serra da Mantiqueira, exhibiting a caudal fin color pattern comprising a light-yellowish–white bar posteriorly edged by a black pigmented area. A similar color pattern was described for C. castroi, C. diabola, and C. melanoptera, also endemic to the Rio Paraná basin, and considered evidence of close relationships among these three species. However, other morphological characteristics highly suggest that the new species is not closely related to C. castroi, C. diabola, and C. melanoptera). Herein, we perform a molecular phylogenetic analysis using two mitochondrial genes and one nuclear gene, including all species with that bicolored caudal pattern. The analysis strongly supports the new species as a member of the alpha-clade, and therefore as distantly related to those three species belonging to the beta-clade, indicating that this color pattern has homoplastically arisen in Cambeva. The data reported here reinforce the urgent need for field studies to better understand the different evolutionary patterns found in the genus, since an intense process of environmental degradation is in course.
A Simple, Ecofriendly, and Fast Method for Nitrate Quantification in Bottled Water Using Visible Spectrophotometry
Authors: da Ascenção Wellington Diego , Augusto Caroline Cristine , de Melo Vitor Hugo Soares , Batista Bruno Lemos
Published: May 2024

There are many works associating the presence of nitrate in water and the occurrence of cancer in humans. The most common method for quantifying nitrate in water is based on the use of toxic cadmium as a reductant. In this work, a new approach was developed for the quantification of nitrate in bottled water with indirect spectrophotometry using Zn0 as a reductant. Nitrate is reduced to nitrite using Zn0 in a buffered medium (acetate/acetic acid) and quantified with visible spectrophotometry using the Griess reaction between sulfanilamide and N-(1-naphthyl)-ethylenediamine. The influence of pH, buffer solution (constitution and concentration), Zn0 (mass and granulometry), and agitation time on the efficiency of nitrite generation was evaluated. The optimal conditions were an acetate–acetic acid buffer solution with a concentration and pH of 0.75 mol L−1 and 6.00, respectively, and a Zn0 particle size of 20 MESH and Zn0 mass of 300 mg. The limits of detection and quantification (LoD and LoQ) were 0.024 and 0.08 mg L−1, respectively. The method’s accuracy and precision were evaluated using the analysis of commercial bottled water. In conclusion, the use of Zn0 instead of cadmium provided a green method with excellent LoD/LoQ. Further, the method proved to be simple and easy to apply during outdoor analysis.
The Possible Role of Mycotoxins in the Pathogenesis of Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Unicsovics Márkó , Molnár Zsófia , Mézes Miklós , Posta Katalin , Nagyéri György , Várbíró Szabolcs , Ács Nándor , Sára Levente , Szőke Zsuzsanna
Published: May 2024

Endometrial cancer is one of the most common cancer types among women. Many factors can contribute to the development of this disease, including environmental factors and, thus, eating habits. Our study aims to determine the levels of various mycotoxins and their metabolites in the blood serum and endometrial tissue samples of participants with previously proven endometrial cancer and to find possible contributions to cancer development. In the cohort clinical trial, 52 participants aged between 44 and 86 were studied. The participants were divided into two groups: patients or matched controls. All patients had previously histologically diagnosed endometrial cancer. The cancer patients were divided into low-grade endometrioid and low- plus high-grade endometrioid groups. Controls had no history of endometrial malignancy or premalignancy. Blood serum and endometrial tissue samples were obtained from all study patients. We compared the concentrations of total Aflatoxins (Afs), Deoxynivalenol (DON), Ochratoxin-A (OTA), T2-toxin and HT2 toxin (T2/HT2 toxin), Zearalenone (ZEN), alpha-Zearalenol (α-ZOL), and Fumonisin B1 (FB1) in the serum and endometrium between the different study groups. As a result, we can see a significant correlation between the higher levels of Afs and zearalenone and the presence of endometrial cancer. In the case of Afs, DON, OTA, T2/HT2 toxins, ZEN, and alpha-ZOL, we measured higher endometrial concentrations than in serum. Considering the effect of mycotoxins and eating habits on cancer development, our results might lead to further research exploring the relationship between certain mycotoxins and endometrium cancer.
Phantom Scalar Field Cosmologies Constrained by Early Cosmic Measurements
Authors: Nájera José Antonio , Escamilla-Rivera Celia
Published: May 2024

In this work, we explore new constraints on phantom scalar field cosmologies with a scalar field employing early-time catalogs related to CMB measurements, along with the local standard observables, like Supernovae Type Ia (SNIa), H(z) measurements (Cosmick clocks), and Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) baselines. In particular, we studied a tracker phantom field with hyperbolic polar coordinates that have been proposed in the literature. The main goal is to obtain precise cosmological constraints for H0 and σ8, in comparison to other constructions that present tension in early cosmological parameters. Our results show that phantom scalar field cosmologies have a reduced statistical tension on H0 that it is less than 3σ using model-independent CMB catalogs as SPT-3G+WMAP9 and ACTPol DR-4+WMAP9 baselines. This suggests that these models, using a different phantom potential, might address the Hubble constant problem and reduce the systematics involved.
An Adjuvanted Vaccine-Induced Pathogenesis Following Influenza Virus Infection
Authors: Hsu Shiou-Chih , Lin Kun-Hsien , Tseng Yung-Chieh , Cheng Yang-Yu , Ma Hsiu-Hua , Chen Ying-Chun , Jan Jia-Tsrong , Wu Chung-Yi , Ma Che
Published: May 2024

An incomplete Freund’s adjuvant elicited an overt pathogenesis in vaccinated mice following the intranasal challenge of A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) virus despite the induction of a higher specific antibody titer than other adjuvanted formulations. Aluminum hydroxide adjuvants have not induced any pathogenic signs in a variety of formulations with glycolipids. A glycolipid, α-galactosyl ceramide, improved a stimulatory effect of distinct adjuvanted formulations on an anti-influenza A antibody response. In contrast to α-galactosyl ceramide, its synthetic analogue C34 was antagonistic toward a stimulatory effect of an aluminum hydroxide adjuvant on a specific antibody response. The aluminum hydroxide adjuvant alone could confer complete vaccine-induced protection against mortality as well as morbidity caused by a lethal challenge of the same strain of an influenza A virus. The research results indicated that adjuvants could reshape immune responses either to improve vaccine-induced immunity or to provoke an unexpected pathogenic consequence. On the basis of these observations, this research connotes the prominence to develop a precision adjuvant for innocuous vaccination aimed at generating a protective immunity without aberrant responses.
Canine Amniotic Fluid at Birth Holds Information about Neonatal Antibody Titres against Core Vaccine Viruses
Authors: Groppetti Debora , Pecile Alessandro , Filipe Joel , Riva Federica , Inglesi Alessia , Kuhn Pietro Andrea , Giussani Elisa , Dall’Ara Paola
Published: May 2024

There is a growing interest in the composition of amniotic fluid (AF) in both humans and animals. In addition to its nutritional and protective functions for the foetus, current knowledge demonstrates that AF also serves advanced diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic roles. Newborn dogs have an underdeveloped immune system, making them highly susceptible to dangerous pathogens such as canine parvovirus (CPV-2), canine infectious hepatitis virus (CAdV-1), and canine distemper virus (CDV), thus exposing them to a high risk of mortality in the first weeks of life. Immunoglobulins G (IgGs) represent the only antibody isotype capable of crossing the placenta in a small amount and have been detected also in canine AF. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of AF collected at birth as a marker of passive immunity in canine species. For this purpose, total and specific IgGs against CPV-2, CAdV-1, and CDV were investigated and quantified in both maternal plasma and AF collected at the time of caesarean section. The vaccination status of the bitches was also taken into consideration. Since the immune system can be influenced by gestational age, with preterm infants having immature innate and adaptive immunity, IgG concentrations were correlated with amniotic lecithin, sphingomyelin, cortisol, surfactant protein A, and pentraxin 3 levels. In a previous study from our group on foetal maturity these molecules were measured in the same samples. Finally, correlations between their amniotic content and neonatal outcomes were investigated. This study demonstrates that AF analysis at birth can provide valuable insights into neonatal immunity in puppies, offering a non-invasive method to detect potential early health risks, for improved puppy care and management.
Bankline Abutment Scour in Compound Channels
Authors: Abdelaziz Ahmed A. , Lim Siow Y. , Kim Jong R.
Published: May 2024

This paper presents the results of bed scouring near an abutment that spans the entire floodplain width and terminates at the edge of the main channel, termed here as the bankline abutment. The cross section can be divided into a scoured section and an un-scoured section. The scoured bed profile can be approximated using a power function. An analytical method has been suggested to predict the maximum scour depth at bankline abutment. This method is valid irrespective of whether the original bed is at or below the threshold condition of sediment motion. The proposed method is consistent with the experiments from this study and previous studies.
Characteristics of Anthropogenic Pollution in the Atmospheric Air of South-Western Svalbard (Hornsund, Spring 2019)
Authors: Pawlak Filip , Koziol Krystyna , Wilczyńska-Michalik Wanda , Worosz Mikołaj , Michalik Marek , Lehmann-Konera Sara , Polkowska Żaneta
Published: May 2024

The character of atmospheric pollution and its impact on surface waters may vary substantially in space, and hence, we add a potentially important location for the studies of atmospheric air pollution to the map of the High Arctic. We have investigated the anthropogenic particle characteristics and selected persistent organic pollutant concentrations, in a priorly unmonitored location in the Arctic (Svalbard), exposed to a climatic gradient. Single-particle analysis of PM indicates that besides the prevailing natural aerosol particles, anthropogenic ones were present. The likely anthropogenic origin of some particles was established for spherical Fe-rich or aluminosilicate particles formed in high-temperature processes or metal-rich particles of the chemical composition corresponding to industrial products and atypical for natural minerals; soot, tar balls, and secondary sulfate were also likely of anthropogenic origin. Some of the observed anthropogenic particles could only come from remote industrial sources. POP concentrations indicated a background of LRAT, consistent with the ΣPCB concentrations and volatility profile. However, the ΣDDX composition indicating aged sources and an order of magnitude higher concentrations of both ΣDDXs and ΣHCHs than at other High Arctic monitoring stations indicate their potential source in two types of re-emission from secondary sources, i.e., from seawater and snowpack, respectively.
Research and Application of the Mine 3D DC Resistivity Method for Detecting Grouting in the Floor of an Ultrawide Working Face, Taking the Yongmei Xinqiao Coal Mine in Henan Province as an Example
Authors: Li Ning , Li Maofei , Wang Xuhong , Tong Xuerui , Sun Ruosong
Published: May 2024

Generally, ground grouting is used to treat confined water areas before mining at the working face, but there is a lack of testing methods for determining the effectiveness of such a grouting treatment on the floor of ultrawide working faces. Therefore, we propose a 3D DC resistivity method for mines and apply it to the detection of the effect of grouting on the mine floor. This study took the Yongmei Xinqiao Coal Mine in Henan Province as the research object and used a combination of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and measured data analysis to study the effect of the 3D resistivity method on detecting the effect of grouting on the floor of an ultrawide working face in the mine. The research results indicated that compared with the 2D observation mode of same-side power supply and reception, the 3D observation mode of opposite-side power supply and reception using the tunnels on both sides of the working face was more sensitive to the response of the water-rich area 60 m below the coal seam’s floor. Regarding the model’s set-up in this article, when traditional apparent resistivity calculations were used, the apparent resistivity obtained by the 3D observation mode was opposite to the model’s setting, and accurate electrical information of anomalous bodies must be obtained through 3D inversion. The measured data showed that although the ground grouting treatment effectively reduced the water volume in the floor, the treatment’s result was affected by human factors, and the water in the floor was redistributed.
Analysis of Leakage Current in Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Systems Based on LCC-S Architecture
Authors: Hou Siyu , Zhang Benhui , Hou Yanjin , Sun Xuenan , Zhang Tongkun , Zhang Xiaoyu , Sun Qianfang
Published: May 2024

This paper investigates the issue of leakage current at the transmitter in the Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer (DWPT) system for electric vehicles and puts forward a novel bilateral resonant compensation topology structure based on the conventional LCC-S architecture. Based on the LCC-S framework, a circuit model was developed for traditional (unilateral)/bilateral resonant compensation topologies. The Fourier series voltage-to-earth expansions for the power supply rail were deduced for both topologies. Subsequently, the voltage-to-earth waveforms for the power supply rail were obtained by utilizing the Fourier series expansions of the voltage-to-earth and the corresponding circuit simulation models. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the bilateral resonant compensation topology in mitigating higher-order harmonics of the voltage to earth on the power supply rail by effectively suppressing the distortion in the leakage current and minimizing its conduction. The effectiveness of the double-ended resonant compensation topology in suppressing leakage current conduction has been verified through experimental tests and waveform comparisons of the voltage to earth and leakage current on the power supply rail under two different topologies. Through experimental testing, during which the unilateral/bilateral resonant compensation topologies were compared, an analysis was conducted on the waveforms of the voltage to earth and leakage current of the power supply rail. The results verified the effectiveness of the bilateral resonant compensation topology in mitigating the conduction of leakage current. This study provides empirical evidence supporting the use of the bilateral resonant compensation topology for suppressing leakage current in power rail applications.
Free Riding of Vehicle Companies under Dual-Credit Policy: An Agent-Based System Dynamics Model
Authors: Zhou Zhong , Shen Yuqi
Published: May 2024

The dual-credit policy promotes green transition in automobile companies. This paper investigates the dual-credit policy framework in the Chinese automotive industry, with a focus on the phenomenon of free riding. This occurs when traditional vehicle manufacturers within an alliance benefit from the excess credits generated by a transitioning vehicle company without fully committing to their own green transitioning. The focus of this study lies on an alliance constituted by a transitioning vehicle company in partnership with two traditional vehicle manufacturers, all interconnected via equity ties. Utilizing an agent-based system dynamics model, this study explores the strategic behaviors emerging from such credit collaborations and their consequent effects on operational efficiency and financial performance. The findings reveal that 1. free riding negatively impacts the transitioning company’s revenue but benefits the alliance by easing transition pressures and boosting collective performance; 2. stricter policies increase intra-alliance credit transfers and performance, while lower credit prices reduce transfer value and harm the transitioning company’s earnings. This study implies that transitioning vehicle companies with equity-linked partners can benefit from a nuanced understanding of how policy mechanisms interact with alliance dynamics under free riding. By adjusting credit transfer strategies in line with market conditions and policy trends, they can better navigate the dual-credit policy landscape, balancing individual profitability with the needs of the broader alliance and long-term sustainability goals.
Exploring the Multidimensional Characteristics of Selected and Non-Selected White British and British South Asian Youth Cricketers: An Exploratory Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Brown Tom , Cook Robert , Gough Lewis A. , Khawaja Irfan , McAuley Alexander B. T. , Kelly Adam L.
Published: May 2024

Selection into a County Age Group (CAG; under 10–18) programme is the first step for young aspiring cricketers on their journey to achieving professional status. Recognising that the British South Asian (BSA) community represents 30% of those who play recreational cricket compared to less than 5% of those who are selected to play at the professional level in England and Wales, it is important to better understand the characteristics of selected and non-selected players based on ethnicity to identify potential sociocultural differences during selection. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the multidimensional factors that differentiated between selected and non-selected adolescent male cricketers as well as between White British (WB) and BSA selected players into a CAG programme. A total of 82 male participants aged between 14 and 17 years were included (mean = 15.3 ± 1.1 years: selected n = 33 and non-selected n = 49: WB n = 34, BSA n = 44, Other n = 4). In total, 104 characteristics were measured over nine tests, which were subsequently placed into five overarching factors: (a) physiological and anthropometrical, (b) perceptual–cognitive expertise, (c) psychological, (d) participation history, and (e) socio-cultural influences. A Bayesian binomial regression was performed in rSTAN using a weak normal prior to highlight differentiators in selection as well as differences between WB and BSA selected players. The results highlighted that athleticism, wellbeing and cohesion, the number of older brothers, and being born in birth quarters two and three were positively correlated with player selection into a CAG. Conversely, increases in psychological scores, a greater number of younger brothers and older sisters, as well as antisocial behaviour resulted in a reduced chance of player selection. Finally, several developmental factors (i.e., athleticism, wellbeing and cohesion, psychological distress, and levels of anti-social behaviour) differed based on ethnicity. These exploratory findings serve as a useful opening to highlight there are important differences to consider based on selection and ethnicity in CAG cricket.
Long-Term Results of Plastic Replacement of Defects After Excision of Primary Skin Melanoma
Authors:   Krasnodar Oncological Dispensary № 1, Yargunin S.A. , Shoyhet Ya.N. , Lazarev A.F. ,   Altay State Medical University
Published: May 2024

The results of surgical treatment of patients with primary skin melanoma (MC) were analyzed depending on the localization of the primary tumor, the type of incision and the method of suturing the postoperative defect. The necessity of performing a round excision of localized primary tumors of the trunk and elliptical excision on the extremities with subsequent plastic replacement in all cases was established. In stage III patients with any tumor localization, the type of incision and suturing of the defect was not of fundamental importance. It was revealed that patients with plasty of the postoperative defect with tumor localization on the trunk had an advantage over linear suturing in progression-free survival (PFS): with a rounded incision at all stages throughout the observation period (12, 36, 60 months) by 18.8, 23.8, 26.5% (p < 0.050). The greatest benefit in PFS was observed in patients with localized forms of melanoma from 0 to IIc st over the entire follow-up period 12, 36, 60 months: from 0–IIa st to 22.0, 31.8, 32.0%, with IIb–IIc st by 35.6, 28.5, 34.8%. With an elliptical incision in IIb–IIc st in the long term up to 36–60 months of observation by 25.7%. In the adjusted overall survival (AOS), patients with a rounded incision and plastic surgery in the initial stages of the disease 0-IIa up to 36 and 60 months had a benefit by 24.4 and 29.3%, respectively, and with an elliptical incision and plastic – from 0–IIa st in the period 12–36 months by 24.4%. With the localization of the primary tumor on the extremities, a statistical difference was revealed with the best indicators in patients with an elliptical incision and plastic surgery in PFS compared with patients with a rounded incision and plastic surgery in the period of 3–60 months by 18.6% and 26.7%, respectively, as well as over patients with a conventional incision without plastic surgery as a whole in the subgroup for periods up to 36 and 60 months by 26.4 and 29.4% with a tendency to improve this indicator in the long term, as well as better AOS in the long term in these patients with a difference by 19.3% (36–60 months of observation).
Immunotherapy of Metastatic Melanoma: Six-Year Follow-Up Experience
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Zhukova N.V. , Antimonik N.Yu. , Orlova R.V. , Belyak N.P. , Kutukova S.I. , Kaledina Ye.A. , Malkova A.M. ,   City Clinical Oncology Center, Saint Petersburg
Published: May 2024

Purpose – to evaluate the efficacy of nivolumab in oncologic patients with advanced cutaneous melanoma after six-year follow-up in real-life clinical practice. Materials and methods. In the St. Petersburg ‘City Clinical Oncology Dispensary’, under our supervision in the period from 2015 to 2022, 12 patients with a diagnosis of metastatic or recurrent skin melanoma were prescribed nivolumab. The study included patients aged 40 to 84 years (average age 59.66 ± 12.91 (95% CI 51.46–67.87). Among the 12 patients diagnosed with advanced melanoma included in this analysis, there were 8 women (66.7%) and 4 men (33.3%). The mean time from the moment of melanoma diagnosis to the development of the metastatic stage was 59.83 ± 15.1 months (95% CI 26.61–93.06). The number of metastatically affected organs varied from 1 to 4. Results. The duration of treatment of patients with nivolumab ranged from 5 to 32 months. The median duration of treatment with nivolumab was 6 months. Long-term results of treatment with nivolumab were as follows: 6-year PFS was 40%, 6-year OS was 50%. The median progression-free time and median overall survival in this group were comparable and amounted to 64 months (95% CI 63.0–80.0). A subgroup analysis revealed that in the group of patients with an objective response achieved on the background of nivolumab therapy, 6-year PFS and OS were better. The six-year PFS in the objective response and stabilization groups was 60% and 25%, respectively (p = 0.0040). Overall survival at 6 years was 75% in the group of patients with an objective response and 25% in patients with a maximum response to stabilization therapy (p = 0.0032). Conclusion. Our results (median overal survival 64 months, 6-year OS 50%) are consistent with the results of the CheckMate 067 study, as well as with other standard drug approaches in first-line treatment of metastatic melanoma, such as pembrolizumab, for which a 5-year OS is 43.2%, or the combination of BRAF and MEK inhibitors, in the presence of a BRAF mutation, with a 5-year OS of 31% to 35%. 6-year follow-up results in real clinical practice demonstrate sustained, improved clinical outcomes with nivolumab in patients with metastatic melanoma.
Possibilities of Chemotherapy in the Era of Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy in Patients with Advanced Melanoma of the Skin
Authors:   N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center for Oncology, Akhmetianova A.E. , Orlova K.V. , Demidov L.V.
Published: May 2024

Modern drug therapy has radically changed approaches to the treatment of common skin melanoma. Unfortunately, some patients have no response to this therapy or the disease progresses after a while. In such a situation, we return to chemotherapy. Despite the resistance of melanoma to chemotherapy drugs, recent studies show that after the progression of the disease against the background of immunotherapy, the use of chemotherapy in late lines allows you to achieve results that are not inferior to those that were achieved earlier in the first line of treatment. This review is devoted to comparing the results of chemotherapy in patients with skin melanoma in late lines with the results obtained before the era of modern drug therapy.
Triple Combination in the Treatment of Patient with Metastatic Melanoma of the Skin with Braf V600 Mutation
Authors:   N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Tsareva A.S. , Nazarova V.V. , Orlova K.V. , Tulin P.Ye. ,   N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Demidov L.V.
Published: May 2024

The article presents a clinical case of the use of combined therapy with BRAF/MEK inhibitors and anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody in a patient with metastatic melanoma of the skin with a BRAF mutation. This clinical case demonstrates a recurrent course of the disease associated with resistance to anti-PD-1 monotherapy, targeted BRAF/MEKi therapy, intolerant toxicity when using combined immunotherapy and relative success when attempting triple immunotargeted therapy with BRAF/MEK inhibitors (dabrafenib + trametinib) and an immune response checkpoint inhibitor (prolgolimab).
Possibilities of Pyrexia Correction in Patients with BRAF+ Melanoma Receiving Targeted Therapy
Authors:   N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, Orlova K.V. , Demidov L.V.
Published: May 2024

The success of modern drug therapy (targeted and immunotherapy) has significantly changed the prognosis of life of patients with melanoma. Modern approaches to therapy can significantly increase the overall survival of patients with metastatic melanoma, as well as reduce the risk of disease progression after surgical treatment in patients with high-risk skin melanoma and increase overall survival, including when used as adjuvant therapy. Targeted therapy (a combination of drugs dabrafenib and trametinib, vemurafenib and cobimetinib, encorafenib and binimetinib) in most cases is characterized by the development of reversible and mild/moderate adverse events (AE). Many AE are considered class-specific, for example, dermatological, gastrointestinal, from the organ of vision, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal. Nevertheless, a number of AE seem to be related to the drug used. Fever/pyrexia (more characteristic of dabrafenib) and photosensitization (characteristic of vemurafenib) are the most common and clinically important examples of AE that require separate consideration. In this article we will focus in detail on pyrexia.
How to Determine the Optimal Sequence of Therapy for Metastatic BRAF+ Melanoma of the Skin
Authors:   Moscow City Oncological Hospital № 62, Stroyakovsky D.L. , Yurchenkov A.N.
Published: May 2024

Over the past decade, the development of targeted therapy (BRAF and MEK inhibitors) and monoclonal antibodies against PD-1 or CTLA-4 has radically changed the landscape of treatment of BRAF positive melanoma and significantly improved the condition of patients. Nevertheless, the availability of both targeted therapy and immunotherapy has led to a reasonable clinical dilemma, which type of therapy to prescribe in the first line to a particular patient. This review presents the current results of clinical trials and patient characteristics that should be considered when choosing the optimal treatment regimen.
The Effectiveness of Immunotherapy in Metastatic Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors:   A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific and Practical Center, Smolin S.A. ,   N.N. Burdenko Main Military Clinical Hospital, Feoktistova P.S. , Smolin A.V.
Published: May 2024

The article presents a clinical case of the effectiveness of immunotherapy for metastatic pleural mesothelioma in a young woman, which is still rare for Russia.
The Reasons for the Off-Label Use of Antitumor Drugs in Oncology
Authors:   Tula Regional Сlinical Oncology Center, Каrabina Е.V. , Sakaeva D.D. , Lipatov О.N. ,   Bashkir State Medical University,   Clinical Hospital “Mother and Child”
Published: May 2024

The integration of precision diagnostics and therapy into the routine practice of oncologists, the active use of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of malignant tumors, and the improvement of diagnostic methods for rare forms of malignant tumors potentially increase the risk of the number of agnostic use of “off-label” anticancer drugs. The existence of these trends in the context of an increasing number of registrations of new antitumor agents and indications requires an active study of the reasons for the prescription of off-label antitumor drugs by oncologists. The study of the reasons for the use of off-label drugs in oncology will provide detailed information on the feasibility and safety of such prescriptions in patients with malignant tumors at different stages of the treatment of the tumor process. This article is devoted to understanding the reasons for prescribing off-label anticancer drugs in oncology
Complex Morphological Diagnosis of Lung Adenocarcinoma. Observation from Practice
Authors:   Krasnodar Scientific Research Institute – S.V. Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital No 1., Pavlyuk K.S. , Leonov M.G. , Slavnova E.N. ,   Novorossiysk Oncological Dispensary No. 3,   P.A. Herzen Moscow Research Oncological Institute
Published: May 2024

A clinical case of diagnosis of advanced lung adenocarcinoma in a 72-year-old woman is presented. Thanks to the use of cytological and immunocytochemical methods in the study of the patient's pericardial fluid, a diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma was established even before the start of treatment. Further examination using fibrobronchoscopy and a trans-bronchial lung biopsy allowed to obtain material for cytological, histological, immunohistochemical studies, the results of which coincided. The patient was diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma. Del19ex deletion in the EGFR gene was detected using molecular genetic examination of biopsy material. Taking into account the results of morphological and molecular genetic studies, the patient was prescribed targeted therapy with osimertinib.
The Average Age of Cancer Diagnosis in the Krasnodar Territory (According to the Population Cancer Registry Krasnodar Region)
Authors:   Krasnodar Clinical Oncological Dispensary No. 1, Murashko R.A. ,   Kuban State Medical University, Teslenko L.G. , Stepanova L.L. , Tsokur I.V.
Published: May 2024

The article presents the dynamics of the values of the average age of first-time patients with malignant neoplasms in the Krasnodar Territory for the period 2011–2022 based on the data of the Population Cancer Registry for the formation of a program of cancer prevention among certain age groups of the population.
Principles for Diagnosing Chronic Gastritis Associated with Pathological Duodenogastric Reflux: a Series of Clinical Observations
Authors:   A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific and Practical Center  Russian University of Medicine, Moscow, Bordin D.S. , Shchelochenkov S.V. , Livzan M.A. ,   The Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University,   Tver State Medical University,   Omsk State Medical University, Mozgovoy S.I. , Gaus O.V.
Published: May 2024

In recent years in the structure of the incidence of chronic gastritis, there has been a decrease in the proportion of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis, but the contribution of other etiological factors is increasing. In addition to H. pylori, one of the most frequently diagnosed gastritis in real clinical practice is chemical gastritis, associated with the development of pathological duodenogastric reflux. The increase in prevalence makes the issue of diagnosing biliary gastritis relevant. This publication was prepared with the aim of systematizing and analyzing available data on the incidence, risk factors, mechanisms of formation, as well as clinical, endoscopic and pathomorphological signs of biliary gastritis and is illustrated by a series of observations from real clinical practice.