bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One-Way Substitution Newsboy Problem under Retailer’s Budget Constraint
Authors: Zhang L. L. , Yang Y. , Cai J. Q.
Published: March 2020

One-way substitution means that when low-end brand goods are sold out, high-end brand goods can be offered to consumers as substitute goods, but not the opposite. In realistic economic activity, “shortage of funds” is a common practical problem for the retailer in making order decision. This paper proposes a nonlinear optimization model with the retailer’s budget to study the optimal order quantities and substitution discount for two one-way substitution products under a stochastic demand scenario, and the objective is to maximize the retailer’s revenue. We solve the model mainly according to the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) theorem and present the conditions of optimal decisions. Finally, through the numerical study, we analyze the influence of the budget constraint and other parameters on the optimal solutions.
Comparisons of Efficacy between Autograft and Allograft on Defect Repair In Vivo in Normal and Osteoporotic Rats
Authors: Dreyer Chris H. , Rasmussen Marina , Pedersen Rasmus Hestehave , Overgaard Søren , Ding Ming
Published: March 2020

Introduction. In the field of orthopaedic surgery, the use of osteogenic material in larger defects is essential. Autograft and allograft are both known methods, and autograft is believed to be the best choice. But autograft is associated with additional invasive procedures which can prove difficult in fragile patients and can cause local side effect after bone harvest. For feasible purposes, the use of allograft is hereby rising and comparing efficacies, and the differences between autograft and allograft are essential for the clinical outcome for the patients. Method. 24 female Norwegian brown rats were included, 12 normal rats and 12 induced with osteoporosis (OP). OP inducement was verified in vivo by bone volume fraction (BV/TV) at 90 days after ovariectomy (OVX). The primary surgery in each rat consisted of a 2.5 × 3 mm hole in the proximal tibia, bilaterally. Autograft and allograft were randomly allocated in the right and left tibia. After an observation of 21 days, the rats were sacrificed. Tibia samples were harvested, micro‐CT scanned for bone inducement and microarchitectural properties, and then embedded for histology. Results. The OP induction was verified three months after the OVX by a reduction of 68.5% in the trabecular bone BV/TV compared to normal bone. Microarchitectural analysis and histology showed no significant differences in the bone‐forming capabilities between autograft and allograft in normal or osteoporotic bone after 3 weeks. Conclusion. This study did not demonstrate any difference between autograft and allograft in a normal or osteoporotic rat tibial defect model after 21 days, suggesting allograft is a good alternative to autograft.
Age at Diagnosis and Patient Preferences for Treatment Outcomes in AML: A Discrete Choice Experiment to Explore Meaningful Benefits
Authors: Richardson Daniel R. , Crossnohere Norah L. , Seo Jaein , Estey Elihu , O'Donoghue Bernadette , Smith B. Douglas , Bridges John F.P.
Published: March 2020

Background:

The recent expansion of treatment options in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has necessitated a greater understanding of patient preferences for treatment benefits, about which little is known.

Methods:

We sought to quantify and assess heterogeneity of the preferences of AML patients for treatment outcomes. An AML-specific discrete choice experiment (DCE) was developed involving multiple stakeholders. Attributes included in the DCE were event-free survival (EFS), complete remission (CR), time in the hospital, short-term side effects, and long-term side effects. Continuously coded conditional, stratified, and latent-class logistic regressions were used to model preferences of 294 patients with AML.

Results:

Most patients were white (89.4%) and in remission (95.0%). A 10% improvement in the chance of CR was the most meaningful offered benefit (P < 0.001). Patients were willing to trade up to 22 months of EFS or endure 8.7 months in the hospital or a two-step increase in long-term side effects to gain a 10% increase in chance of CR. Patients diagnosed at 60 years or older (21.6%) more strongly preferred to avoid short-term side effects (P = 0.03). Latent class analysis showed significant differences of preferences across gender and insurance status.

Conclusions:

In this national sample of mostly AML survivors, patients preferred treatments that maximized chance at remission; however, significant preference heterogeneity for outcomes was identified. Age and gender may affect patients' preferences.

Impact:

Survivor preferences for outcomes can inform patient-focused drug development and shared decision-making. Further studies are necessary to investigate the use of DCEs to guide treatment for individual patients.
Red and Processed Meat, Poultry, Fish, and Egg Intakes and Cause-Specific and All-Cause Mortality among Men with Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer in a U.S. Cohort
Authors: Wang Ying , Jacobs Eric J. , Shah Roma A. , Stevens Victoria L. , Gansler Ted , McCullough Marjorie L.
Published: March 2020

Background:

Research on the relationship of meat, fish, and egg consumption and mortality among prostate cancer survivors is limited.

Methods:

In the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort, men diagnosed with nonmetastatic prostate cancer between baseline in 1992/1993 and 2015 were followed for mortality until 2016. Analyses of pre- and postdiagnosis intakes of red and processed meat, poultry, fish, and eggs included 9,286 and 4,882 survivors, respectively. Multivariable-adjusted RRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results:

A total of 4,682 and 2,768 deaths occurred during follow-up in pre- and postdiagnosis analyses, respectively. Both pre- and postdiagnosis intakes of total red and processed meat were positively associated with all-cause mortality (quartile 4 vs. 1: RR = 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03–1.25; Ptrend = 0.02; RR = 1.22; 95% CI, 1.07–1.39; Ptrend = 0.03, respectively), and both pre- and postdiagnosis poultry intakes were inversely associated with all-cause mortality (quartile 4 vs. 1 RR = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82–0.98; Ptrend = 0.04; RR = 0.84; 95% CI, 0.75–0.95; Ptrend = 0.01, respectively). No associations were seen for prostate cancer–specific mortality, except that higher postdiagnosis unprocessed red meat intake was associated with lower risk.

Conclusions:

Higher red and processed meat, and lower poultry, intakes either before or after prostate cancer diagnosis were associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality.

Impact:

Our findings provide additional evidence that prostate cancer survivors should follow the nutrition guidelines limiting red and processed meat consumption to improve overall survival. Additional research on the relationship of specific meat types and mortality is needed.
Circulating Biomarker Score for Visceral Fat and Risks of Incident Colorectal and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer: The Multiethnic Cohort Adiposity Phenotype Study
Authors: Le Marchand Loïc , Wilkens Lynne R. , Castelfranco Ann M. , Monroe Kristine R. , Kristal Bruce S. , Cheng Iona , Maskarinec Gertraud , Hullar Meredith A. , Lampe Johanna W. , Shepherd John A. , Franke Adrian , Ernst Thomas , Lim Unhee
Published: March 2020

Background:

Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) may play a greater role than subcutaneous fat in increasing cancer risk but is poorly estimated in epidemiologic studies.

Methods:

We developed a VAT prediction score by regression equations averaged across 100 least absolute shrinkage and selection operator models in a cross-sectional study of 1,801 older adults in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC). The score was then used as proxy for VAT in case–control studies of postmenopausal breast (950 case–control pairs) and colorectal (831 case–control pairs) cancer in an independent sample in MEC. Abdominal MRI–derived VAT; circulating biomarkers of metabolic, hormonal, and inflammation dysfunctions; and ORs for incident cancer adjusted for BMI and other risk factors were assessed.

Results:

The final score, composed of nine biomarkers, BMI, and height, explained 11% and 15% more of the variance in VAT than BMI alone in men and women, respectively. The area under the receiver operator curve for VAT >150 cm2 was 0.90 in men and 0.86 in women. The VAT score was associated with risk of breast cancer [OR (95% confidence interval [CI]) by increasing tertiles: 1.00, 1.09 (0.86–1.39), 1.48 (1.16–1.89); Ptrend = 0.002] but not with colorectal cancer (P = 0.84), although an association [1.00, 0.98 (0.68–1.39), 1.24 (0.88–1.76); Ptrend = 0.08] was suggested for this cancer after excluding cases that occurred within 7 years of blood draw (Pheterogeneity = 0.06).

Conclusions:

The VAT score predicted risks of postmenopausal breast cancer and can be used for risk assessment in diverse populations.

Impact:

These findings provide specific evidence for a role of VAT in breast cancer.
Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy Is Primarily Associated with Reduced Risk of Colorectal Cancer Arising through the Adenoma-Carcinoma Pathway
Authors: Labadie JD , Harrison T , Buchanan D , Campbell P , Chan A , Gallinger S , Giles GG , Gunter M , Hoffmeister M , Jenkins M , Ogino S , Slattery ML , Van Guelpen B , Peters U , Newcomb PA
Published: March 2020

Our goal was to evaluate whether the inverse association of postmenopausal hormone therapy (PMH) and colorectal cancer (CRC) differs by molecularly defined CRC tumor subtypes. Methods: We pooled data on tumor markers and PMH use among 8,220 post-menopausal women (3,898 CRC cases and 4,322 controls) from eight observational studies in the Genetics of Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium and the Colon Cancer Family Registry. We used multinomial logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of ever versus never PMH use and each tumor subtype compared with controls. We defined subtypes according to microsatellite instability (MSI-high or -low/stable), CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP positive or negative), oncogenic mutations in BRAF and KRAS, and combinations of these markers that have been linked to specific pathways (adenoma-carcinoma, serrated, alternate). Additionally, we investigated whether associations varied by tumor anatomic location (proximal colon, distal colon, rectum). All models were adjusted for study, age, body mass index, smoking status, and family history of CRC. Wald chi-square tests were used to evaluate whether the association differed by tumor-specific subtypes. Results: Ever use of PMH was associated with a 38% reduction in overall CRC risk (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.56–0.69). In general, this association was observed regardless of individual markers for MSI, CIMP, BRAF, or KRAS status. However, when taken altogether and grouping cases by pathway, the association was attenuated for tumors arising through the serrated pathway compared with the adenoma-carcinoma pathway (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.65–1.01; p for difference 0.046). We also observed a weaker association for tumors of the proximal colon compared with the distal colon and rectum (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.62–0.80; p for difference 0.010). Conclusions: In this large consortium analysis, we observed a strong inverse association between PMH use and overall CRC risk. The association may predominantly reflect a benefit of PMH use for tumors arising through the adenoma-carcinoma pathway and tumors of the distal colon and rectum, as the association was weaker for tumors arising through the serrated pathway and proximal colon tumors.
Do-It-Yourself Sunscreen Tutorials on YouTube
Authors: Julian AK , Farley ZS , Beach A , Perna FM
Published: March 2020

Sunscreen is a common but complex sun safety product regulated in the US as a non-prescription drug. Recently, contributors on social media such as YouTube and Pinterest have advocated for making your own sunscreen at home. Such online tutorials likely represent misinformation in that they present an untested product as a safe replacement for a regulated drug. Purpose of the Study: To describe Do-It-Yourself sunscreen tutorials on YouTube, to determine whether viewers are making sunscreen, and whether specific misinformation is crowd-corrected in the online environment. This study demonstrates the use of online comments to identify behavioral outcomes of misinformation on social media. Method: We searched YouTube (March 2019) using search terms DIY sunscreen and Do-It-yourself sunscreen and selected the top 15 English-language videos sorted by relevance and views (N = 30). We double-coded the recipes for inclusion of FDA-approved photofilters, ingredient measurements and product claims (e.g., SPF level). We collected and coded all viewer comments (N = 2,477) for valence, presence of comments suggesting use on children is safe, crowd-correction by the online community, and indication of past or planned behavior change. Results: Most videos (67%) included SPF claims that were not accompanied by testing. Zinc oxide was the only photofilter used (present in 83%) and 17% of recipes contained no FDA-approved photofilters. Ingredient quantity was imprecise or absent in 23% of recipes. A notable fraction of videos (33%) had all supportive and no critical comments. Many videos (47%) had comments indicating a plan to use the recipe on babies, toddlers or children. Response to comments about use on children did not correct this misinformation. Comments indicated viewers had made or planned to make the recipe in 63% of videos. Discussion: Sunscreen is a drug intended to prevent sunburn and cancer, yet recipes for DIY sunscreen mischaracterize resulting product properties, thus misinforming the public. Further, viewers of DIY sunscreen videos frequently post positive comments regarding homemade sunscreen and do not correct false statements regarding their safety for use on infants and children. Making sunscreen, especially for use on children, may lead to skin damage.
The Use of the Nicotine Metabolite Ratio as a Biomarker to Personalize Smoking Cessation Treatment: Current Evidence and Future Directions
Authors: Siegel Scott D. , Lerman Caryn , Flitter Alex , Schnoll Robert A.
Published: March 2020

The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), a genetically informed biomarker of rate of nicotine metabolism, has been validated as a tool to select the optimal treatment for individual smokers, thereby improving treatment outcomes. This review summarizes the evidence supporting the development of the NMR as a biomarker of individual differences in nicotine metabolism, the relationship between the NMR and smoking behavior, the clinical utility of using the NMR to personalize treatments for smoking cessation, and the potential mechanisms that underlie the relationship between NMR and smoking cessation. We conclude with a call for additional research necessary to determine the ultimate benefits of using the NMR to personalize treatments for smoking cessation. These future directions include measurement and other methodologic considerations, disseminating this approach to at-risk subpopulations, expanding the NMR to evaluate its efficacy in predicting treatment responses to e-cigarettes and other noncigarette forms of nicotine, and implementation science including cost-effectiveness analyses.

See all articles in this Special Collection Honoring Paul F. Engstrom, MD, Champion of Cancer Prevention
Biomonitoring of Zn pollution by using Leaves, Stems and Roots of a Medicinal Plant Centella Asiatica
Authors: Yap C. K. , G. H. Ong
Published: March 2020

In this study, three parts (leaves, stems and roots) of Centella asiatica and surface soils were collected from 11 geographical sampling sites in Peninsular Malaysia. Ranges of Zn concentrations (µg/g dw) in soil was 102.70-826.11 while 81.16-198.56 for leaves, 56.27-146.93 for stems and 95.72-285.00 for roots. In C. asiatica, Zn accumulation was found the highest in roots followed by leaves and stems. Correlation analysis based on Zn concentrations between the three parts of plants and soils were found to be significantly (P< 0.05) correlated (root-soil, R= 0.973; leaves-soils, R= 0.955; stem-soils, R= 0.952). For the transplantation study, three sites were selected as unpolluted (UPM), semi-polluted (Balakong) and polluted sites (Sg. Juru). Based on transplantation study under experimental field and laboratory conditions, Zn concentrations in the leaves, stems and roots of C. asiatica were significantly (P< 0.05) higher after three weeks. The Zn accumulation was the highest in Sg. Juru, followed by Balakong and UPM which were in accordance with the Zn contamination levels in the soils. Thus, these experimental findings confirmed that leaves, stems and roots can reflect the Zn levels in the soils where C. asiatica were found. After three weeks of back transplantation to clean soils, the Zn levels in the three parts were still higher than the initial Zn level even though elimination occurred. In conclusion, all the above findings indicated that the leaves, stems and roots of asiatica are good biomonitors of Zn pollution.
Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS): Model and Security Issues
Authors: T Devi , R Ganesan
Published: March 2020

Cloud computing is making a big revolution in the field of information technology thereby reducing capital expenditures spent. Computing is delivered as a service enabling effective utilization of computational resources. Certain security issues exist which prevents individuals and industries from using clouds despite its advantages. Resolving such problems may increase the usage of cloud thereby reducing the amount spent for resources. The paper focuses on one of the three service delivery models, Platform-as-a-Service(PaaS). PaaS model, layers in PaaS and PaaS providers are described along with the security issues encountered in PaaS clouds. The issues along with solutions discussed provide an insight into PaaS security for both providers and users which may help in future PaaS design and implementation.
An Integrated Approach for Compendium Generator using Customized Algorithms
Authors: Suman M. , Maddu Tharun , Mohan M.
Published: March 2020

Text Summarization is a process that is to give the shorter version of a text document. For many research scholars who want to do their research on a specific domain has to search a lot of documents on that topic related to a specific domain. It is also difficult to go through the lot of the research papers present  in that particular domain which takes a lot of time at this moment of time there are  lots of chances in missing some key words present in those research papers.  So that Summarizer is used to give the summary of a paper. The aim of our project is to reduce the body of the text and maintaining coherence and avoiding redundancy. Winnowing is an algorithm that gives the coherence between the multiple papers when multiple papers are given as the input. Redundancy that is the repeated words or sentences can be avoided using the MMR algorithm.
Assessment of BIM Implementation among MEP Firms in Nigeria
Authors: Wang Chen , Adetola Shittu Hammed , Abdul-Rahman Hamzah
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study is to assess the awareness level and potential challenges for Building Information Modelling (BIM) adoption among the Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing (MEP) design consultants and contractors in Nigeria, and to get the perspective of BIM in the industry. The research method used in this study was a fieldwork survey using structured questionnaires. The results from the responses were analysed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA test for statistical significant difference, Chi-Square test, and Cross Tab analysis. The findings from the survey show that Nigeria MEP firms have a relatively high level of awareness toward BIM technology. The Most important challenges identified as barriers for BIM adoption are lack of technical expertise on BIM tools utilisation, lack of awareness of BIM technology, and high investment cost in training staff, process change, and software/hardware upgrade.
Enhanced Derivative-Free Conjugate Gradient Method for Solving Symmetric Nonlinear Equations
Authors: Sabi'u Jamilu
Published: March 2020

In this article, an enhanced conjugate gradient approach for solving symmetric nonlinear equations is propose without computing the Jacobian matrix. This approach is completely derivative and matrix free. Using classical assumptions the proposed method has global convergence with nonmonotone line search. Some reported numerical results shows the approach is promising.
 
Comparison of Mamdani-Type and Sugeno-Type Fuzzy Inference Systems for Transformer Tap Changing System
Authors: Sarimuthu Charles R. , Ramachandaramurthy Vigna K. , Mokhlis H. , Agileswari K.R.
Published: March 2020

Voltage control is considered one of the basic operational requirements of electrical power systems. The most popular voltage control equipment includes On-Load Tap Changer (OLTC) transformer controlled by Automatic Voltage Control (AVC) relay. Recent studies have shown that fuzzy inference systems (FIS) are applicable for transformer tap changing system. In this paper, FIS are developed for transformer tap changing system using Mamdani-type and Sugeno-type fuzzy models. The results of the two fuzzy inference systems (FIS) are compared. The basic difference between the Mamdani-type FIS and Sugeno-type FIS is included in this paper. It also shows which one is a more suitable choice of the two FIS for transformer tap changing system.
Small Hydro Power Schemes: Technical Aspects
Authors: Sachdev Hira Singh , Akella Ashok Kumar
Published: March 2020

Small hydro systems play a major role in meeting power requirements of remote, isolated, hilly areas in a decentralized manner by tapping water streams, rivulets and canals of small discharge. Small hydroelectric system captures the energy in flowing water and converts it to electricity.
Of all the non-conventional renewable energy sources, small hydro stands first as it is more resourceful, reduces system  losses, environment friendly, non-consumptive and source is renewable due to their enormous advantages over large hydro and other power plants, lot of small hydro-power plants have come up across the world to meet the ever increasing demand of electrical energy. Lowering the high initial cost of the small hydro-power plants and its popularization is today’s challenges. This paper describes basic techniques design of the small hydro-power development.
Congestion Aware Multi-Path Routing Protocol with Load Balancing
Authors: Supriya K.Sangeetha , Chand M.Gopi , Sekhar K.Raja
Published: March 2020

The multi-path routing protocol is one of the approaches used to have less overhead, better bandwidth cost through the load distribution among a set of paths. However, due to the interference of the paths during the communication, it increases the end to end delay and do not work well under a highly congested network. We have proposed the congestion aware multi-path routing protocol with load balancing. The paper explains the problem associated with the end-to-end delay. It deals with the problem of channel interference during the Multi-path communication. It suggests the congestion control mechanisms to improve the protocol performance. It proposes an additive increase/ multiplicative decrease and fast retransmits and recovery process and also it suggest the algorithm for load balancing scheme. In order to minimize the congestion formation, it selects the node disjoint paths for communication. The correlation factor among the selected multiple paths are calculated. It calculates the congestion formation in the network. It compares the proposed MPR protocol with ordinary DSR through the simulation and the simulation results are discussed.
Identification of a Non-Linear System Using Volterra Series Model with Calculated Kernels by Legendre Orthogonal Function
Authors: Mossadegh Vahid , Ghanbari Mahmood
Published: March 2020

Modeling and identification of non-linear systems have gained lots of attentions especially in industrial processes. Most of the actual systems have non-linear behavior and the first and simplest solution in modeling such systems is to linearize them which in most cases the result of linearization is not satisfactory. In this paper, modeling of non-linear systems is investigated using Volterra series model based on Legendre orthogonal function. Expansion of Volterra series kernels by Legendre orthogonal functions causes a reduction in the number of model parameters; hence, complexity of calculations would be decreased. Besides, if the free parameter is selected properly in these orthogonal functions, error is reduced and convergence speed of parameters is increased which leads to an increase in identification accuracy. In this paper, identification of non-linear system is presented with Volterra series expanded by Legendre function and PSO algorithm is used to calculate the optimum free parameters of Legendre function. Finally, in order to validate the efficacy and accuracy, the proposed algorithm is implemented on a non-linear system i.e. heat exchanger with actual data
Comparative Study of Various Neural Network Architectures for MPEG-4 Video Traffic Prediction
Authors: Kharat J.P.
Published: March 2020

Network traffic as it is VBR in nature exhibits strong correlations which make it suitable for prediction. Real-time forecasting of network traffic load accurately and in a computationally efficient manner is the key element of proactive network management and congestion control. This paper comments on the MPEG-4 video traffic predictions evaluated by different types of neural network architectures and compares the performance of the same in terms of mean square error for the same video frames. For that three types of neural architectures are used namely Feed forward, Cascaded Feed forward and Time Delay Neural Network. The results show that cascade feed forward network produces minimum error as compared to other networks. This paper also compares the results of traditional prediction method of averaging of frames for future frame prediction with neural based methods. The experimental results show that nonlinear prediction based on NNs is better suited for traffic prediction purposes than linear forecasting models.
Study of Absorption Loss Effects on Acoustic Wave Propagation in Shallow Water Using Different Empirical Models
Authors: Al-Alaboosi Yasin Yousif , Al-Aboosi Jenan Abdulkhalq
Published: March 2020

Efficient underwater acoustic communication and target locating systems require detailed study of acoustic wave propagation in the sea. Many investigators have studied the absorption of acoustic waves in ocean water and formulated empirical equations such as Thorp’s formula, Schulkin and Marsh model and Fisher and Simmons formula. The Fisher and Simmons formula found the effect associated with the relaxation of boric acid on absorption and provided a more detailed form of absorption coefficient which varies with frequency. However, no simulation model has made for the underwater acoustic propagation using these models. This paper reports the comparative study of acoustic wave absorption carried out by means of modeling in MATLAB. The results of simulation have been evaluated using measured data collected at Desaru beach on the eastern shore of Johor in Malaysia. The model has been used to determine sound absorption for given values of depth (D), salinity (S), temperature (T), pH, and acoustic wave transmitter frequency (f). From the results a suitable range, depth and frequency can be found to obtain best propagation link with low absorption loss.
Data Visualization and Analysis of Engineering Educational Statistics
Authors: Urolagin Siddhaling , Upadhyaya Ishita , Thakur Afrah Abbas
Published: March 2020

Engineering, is one of the most popular fields of higher education in the modern day woreld. Majority of the students these days opt for engineering as a career, due to the vastness of choices provided by engineering. Mechanical, Electrical, Computer Science, Civil and Biotechnology are the various disciplines and have varying strength in terms of number of students who join a particular discipline. In this research, we have gather data from various published articles about engineering education and carried out the data visualization and analysis using Tableau 9.2. The objective of the analysis is to help the students to make the decision and the choice about discipline of engineering from which particular university would be the most suitable based on the data collected and represented. Various categories of statistics such as number of graduates from a particular university in a particular discipline, and which university had the maximum number of graduates in a certain year will help the students make their decisions about their future in a more easy and a sorted manner.
Mobile Application Development with Android
Authors: Deshmukh Rajesh Keshavrao , Markandey Shilpa , Sahu Pooja
Published: March 2020

The Android is mobile platform. It is an open source and free operating system application, by Google it is developed and maintained. It was designed essentially for touch screen mobile devices, such as and tablet, computers, smart phones, watch television, cars etc. Android is one of the most widely used mobile OS. Android is a not only operating system but also key applications and middleware. Android is an open source operating system. It is developed by the open handset Alliance, led by Google, and other companies. Those are used to android studio 2.2.3 version and development the mobile application.
Design PV system for a small GEO satellite and studying the effect of using different types of propulsion
Authors: Lotfy A. , Anis W. , Halim Joseph V. M.
Published: March 2020

This paper presents an optimum design of the solar Photo-Voltaic (PV) power system for small Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites using triple junction solar cells and advanced Lithium Ion batteries. The paper applies the proposed system on various propulsion technologies; full chemical, full electrical and hybrid propulsions. This research work studies the capability to fulfil efficiently all the satellite power requirements during both the launching and the on-station phases while reducing the high cost challenge. Since the propulsion type is a key factor for the satellite cost, an economic analysis is demonstrated and investigated in two different strategies. The first scenario fixes the satellite weight and offers the revenue due to the increase in the satellite payload. However, the second scenario evaluates the saving profits due to the reduction in the satellite weight using the same number of satellite transponders. The analytical comparison among the different propulsion techniques shows the superior advantages of using the full electrical satellites.   
Machining time and number of machine for the production planning of wheel nut releaser with the demand of 100 units/day
Authors: Qosim Nanang , Hartono Mohammad
Published: March 2020

The impact of competition in the industry has driven people to improve the effectiveness of production process. One of the main factors supporting that effectiveness is the good planning of both the need and the number of machines. The aim of this study is to estimate the machining times to determine the number of machines to manufacture 100/day of the nut releaser tool for car wheel. The result shows that the need of the number of machines to manufacture each component of the nut releaser tool for car wheel are 7 units of power hacksaw, 27 units of lathe machine, 8 units of drilling machine, 12 units of milling machine, 2 units of EDM machine and 25 units of bench work.
Cache optimization cloud scheduling (COCS) algorithm based on last level caches
Authors: Kumar K. Vinod , Ranvijay Ranvijay
Published: March 2020

Recently, the utilization of cloud services like storage, various software, networking resources has extremely enhanced due to widespread demand of these cloud services all over the world. On the other hand, it requires huge amount of storage and resource management to accurately cope up with ever-increasing demand. The high demand of these cloud services can lead to high amount of energy consumption in these cloud centers. Therefore, to eliminate these drawbacks and improve energy consumption and storage enhancement in real time for cloud computing devices, we have presented Cache Optimization Cloud Scheduling (COCS) Algorithm Based on Last Level Caches to ensure high cache memory Optimization and to enhance the processing speed of I/O subsystem in a cloud computing environment which rely upon Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS). The proposed COCS technique helps to reduce last level cache failures and the latencies of average memory in cloud computing multi-processor devices. This proposed COCS technique provides an efficient mathematical modelling to minimize energy consumption. We have tested our experiment on Cybershake scientific dataset and the experimental results are compared with different conventional techniques in terms of time taken to accomplish task, power consumed in the VMs and average power required to handle tasks.
Performance analysis of security framework for software defined network architectures
Authors: Varun Kumar K. A. , Arivudainambi D.
Published: March 2020

Software defined data centers (SDDC) and software defined networking (SDN) are two emerging areas in the field of cloud data centers. SDN based centrally controlled services takes a global view of the entire cloud infrastructure between SDDC and SDN, whereas Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is widely used for providing virtual networking between host and Internet Service Providers (ISP’s). Some Application as a Service used in NFV data centers have a wide range in building security services like Virtual firewalls, Intrusion Detection System (IDS), load balancing, bandwidth allocation and management. In this paper, a novel security framework is proposed to combat SDDC and SDN based on NFV security features. The proposed framework consists of a Virtual firewall and an efficient bandwidth manager to handle multiple heterogeneous application requests from different ISPs. Real time data were taken from an experiment for a week and A new simulation based proof of concept is admitted in this paper for validation of the proposed framework which was deployed in real time SDNs using Mininet and POX controller.
Caderno de esboços MM T 2784
Authors: Zwick Ludmila Menezes
Published: March 2020

Tradução, do norueguês ao português, do caderno de esboços MM T 2784, de Edvard Munch.
A poesia de Mallarmé encontra a pintura de Manet
Authors: Micaelia Caroline
Published: March 2020

Dentre os trabalhos críticos que o jovem Mallarmé dedicou à pintura, “The Impressionists and Édouard Manet” (1876) talvez seja o mais importante, mesmo sendo provavelmente o mais desconhecido. Nesse texto, Mallarmé comenta a prática dos colegas impressionistas, sobretudo de Manet, estabelecendo uma analogia entre os caminhos da pintura e os da poesia em fins do século XIX francês. Este artigo busca explorar a abordagem analógica de Mallarmé em “The Impressionists”, valendo-se das reflexões que o poeta elabora sobre Manet e sobre o impressionismo para investigar como esse pensamento encontra par em seus próprios trabalhos. Partindo das quatro linhas de força que, segundo Bertrand Marchal (2011), Mallarmé observaria nos trabalhos desses artistas (ar livre, simplificação, perspectiva e descondicionamento do olhar), assim como de textos mallarmeanos tão diversos quanto La Musique et les Lettres (1895) e “Don du poëme” (1866) – mas sem perder de vista a historicidade de ambos –, o intuito aqui consiste em mostrar como as trajetórias da poesia e da pintura se tocam, naquele fim de século, através de alguns pontos de encontro entre a obra de Mallarmé e a de Manet.
O diálogo pré-rafaelita de D’Annunzio e Alma Tadema
Authors: Dalla Bona Fabiano
Published: March 2020

A interação entre palavras e imagens é perpétua. Algumas vezes a relação é conflitual, outras vezes prevalece um estado de cooperação. Não é insólito que para compensar a ausência de um dos adversários, o outro evoque a sua presença: as imagens ilustram as palavras e as palavras descrevem as imagens. Essa última estratégia é exatamente a ékphrasis, uma das tantas formas nas quais se manifesta a relação entre a literatura e as artes figurativas, especialmente a pintura. É apenas uma palavra, mas seu significado não é unívoco. As discussões sobre o caráter da ékphrasis se entrelaçam com outras disputas sobre as relações entre as duas artes com muita intensidade na obra do italiano Gabriele D’Annunzio. Tratar-se-á das relações e dos diálogos entre os escritos dannunzianos (jornalismo, prosa e poesia) e a obra pictórica do pintor Pré-rafaelita Sir Lawrence Alma Tadema.
Thatcherismo e cidadania
Authors: Maschette Lenon Campos
Published: March 2020

O presente artigo examina o surgimento do discurso conservador de active citizenship na administração da primeira-ministra britânica, Margaret Thatcher, no final da década de 1980. A análise investiga as razões de curto prazo que levaram à fabricação deste discurso, o qual emergiria como resposta a um clima de crescente disputa ideológica – consequência de visões distintas sobre a relação entre indivíduo e Estado e seus respectivos papéis, atribuições e deveres – e contestação popular, que alcançariam seu auge com as reformas no Welfare State britânico, na terceira administração Thatcher. Portanto, argumenta-se que o discurso de active citizenship não seria uma consequência direta dos graves problemas sociais britânicos, mas antes uma resposta ao acirramento ideológico do final da década, que chegaria ao seu clímax pela junção de diferentes e emergentes fatores contemporâneos.
Escravos hipotecados, Campinas, 1865-1874
Authors: Ribeiro Maria Alice Rosa , Penteado Maria Aparecida Alvim Camargo
Published: March 2020

O artigo tem por objetivo analisar o crédito por meio das escrituras públicas de empréstimo a juros com obrigações hipotecárias no município de Campinas, de 1865 a 1874, transcritas do Livro n. 2, “Inscrições de Hipotecas Especiais”. A análise concentra-se na propriedade escrava fornecida pelos devedores aos credores para assegurar o empréstimo. Procuramos analisar a composição dos escravos hipotecados, de acordo com sexo, origem, idade, e a riqueza patrimonial e ocupação dos principais devedores e credores hipotecários.
That Would Have Been Better
Authors: Bouxsein Hilary
Published: March 2020

While contrary-to-fact conditions in Homeric narrative have already received considerable attention, those that occur in character speech, which potentially share some of the important and even metapoetic qualities as narrative conditions, have been understudied. This paper begins by offering a new classification of different kinds of counterfactuals that occur in direct speech, incorporating some of the methods of pragmatic linguistics. By building on this classification, it becomes possible to see new resonances in the way that Homeric characters speak and present themselves.
‘Irrational Lengthening’ in Virgil
Authors: Thompson Rupert , Zair Nicholas
Published: March 2020

Word-final syllables consisting of a short vowel or a short vowel followed by a single consonant sometimes scan as heavy in Latin hexameter poetry, a feature known as ‘irrational lengthening’, lengthening in arsis, diastole etc. We examine the contexts in which this occurs in the poetry of Virgil. It is widely acknowledged that this phenomenon is based on a similar licence in earlier Greek and Roman models for Virgil, but it has also been argued that other, metrical or phonological, aspects may have been relevant to the use of lengthening. We examine these environments, and, where possible, carry out statistical analysis. We conclude that, while some of these are descriptively true, the position of lengthened words is primarily due to the constraints that Virgil applied to the construction of his hexameter rather than any other explanation.
The Introduction of European-Style Artillery and the Reform of Siege Tactics in 17th Century China—a Case Study of the Tragedy of Jiangyin (1645)
Authors: Chung Yan Hon Michael
Published: March 2020

While the importance of European-style artillery, also called “red-barbarian cannon” by the people of the time, to the Ming-Qing transition (1618-1683) is generally recognized, much less is known about the actual performance of the weapon on the battlefield. Such a dearth of knowledge hinders historians from evaluating the extent of its impact on the Manchu conquest of China. Hoping to fill this gap, this article examines the actual performance of red-barbarian cannon through reconstructing the siege of Jiangyin (1645). Close examination of this episode reveals that, although the Qing army possessed abundant European-style artillery, the absence of appropriate and effective artillery siege tactics greatly constrained the effectiveness of these weapons in siege warfare. Hence, the importance of artillery in the early stage of the Ming-Qing transition (1618-1645) is likely to have been minimal. However, the siege of Jiangyin witnessed a reform of siege tactics in the Qing artillery corps. These newly devised siege tactics enabled the Qing army to capture the city with efficiency by fully utilizing the red-barbarian cannon. The reform greatly enhanced the siege ability of the Qing forces and paved the way for the Qing conquest of China.
Contrastive Pragmatics and Corpora
Authors: Aijmer Karin
Published: March 2020

Contrastive pragmatics is closely associated with the use of parallel and comparable corpora for studying the similarities and differences between languages. Parallel corpora have now been extended to more than two languages making them more relevant for typological research, and they can be used to investigate whether there are (discourse) universals across languages. Contrastive pragmatic studies also need to take into account aspects of the communication situation and the social and cultural context. As a result, many contrastive studies nowadays are doubly contrastive in that they compare pragmatic phenomena across both genres and languages. Scholars have also begun to combine contrastive analysis (translations) with the diachronic analysis of pragmatic phenomena in historical corpora, and pragmatic phenomena are studied contrastively with the focus being on sociolinguistic aspects. Illustrating these new uses is a case study which compares English absolutely with Swedish absolut.
Sonerila sulpheyi (Melastomataceae, Sonerileae): A new species from the Southern Western Ghats, India

Authors: SALIM PICHAN M. , MATHEW JOSE , HRIDEEK THODUVAYIL K.
Published: March 2020

A new species of Sonerila (Melastomataceae: Sonerileae), S. sulpheyi, from the Southern Western Ghats of India is described. The branched inflorescence is the distinguishable character of this new species amongst acaulescent members of Western Ghats Sonerila. A taxonomic description, morphological comparisons with its allied taxa, diagnostic characters and colour photographs of the new taxon are provided.
Chascolytrum serranum (Poaceae: Pooideae: Poeae: Calothecinae), a new microendemic species from Campos de Cima da Serra, southern Brazil

Authors: N. DA SILVA LEONARDO , SAARELA JEFFERY M. , SOKOLOFF PAUL C. , ESSI LILIANA , T. DE SOUZA-CHIES TATIANA
Published: March 2020

Chascolytrum serranum, a new species of C. sect. Hildaea restricted to Serra Geral National Park and surroundings, in Cambará do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically similar to C. ambiguum and C. juergensii var. angustilemma, but is distinguished from them mainly by having paleas more than 2/3 the length of the lemmas (up to 2/3 the length of the lemmas in C. ambiguum and C. juergensii var. angustilemma), glabrous and smooth lemmas (strigose in C. juergensii var. angustilemma), and puberulous paleas (glabrous in C. ambiguum). The species can be recognized in the field by the purplish and shiny spikelets. It inhabits river banks and, less frequently, swamps.
Can Tropical Pacific Winds Enhance the Footprint of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation on the Upper-Ocean Heat Content in the South China Sea?
Authors: Xiao Fuan , Wang Dongxiao , Yang Lei
Published: March 2020

In this study, an enhanced footprint of the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO) on the upper-ocean heat content (OHC) in the South China Sea (SCS) since the 1990s is revealed. The negative OHC–IPO correlation is significant (r= −0.71) during 1990–2010 [period 2 (P2)], whereas it is statistically insignificant during 1960–80 [period 1 (P1)]. Analyses show that the scope of the equatorial Pacific wind anomalies is wider during P2 compared with that during P1 due to a larger east–west SST gradient and enhanced tropical warming in the Indian Ocean. When the IPO is negative during P2, a wider scope of the wind stress anomalies associated with the IPO could lead to 1) the southward migration of the North Equatorial Current bifurcation latitude (NECBL) by affecting the wind stress curl over the key region where it is near the climatological NECBL and 2) an increase in the interbasin pressure gradient (sea surface height difference) between the western Pacific and the SCS; these two processes strengthen the Kuroshio and weaken the Luzon Strait transport (LST) or SCS throughflow into the SCS. Also, 3) the equatorial Pacific wind anomalies are wide enough to directly weaken the LST in the SCS through the “island rule.” These three pathways finally change the oceanic gyre in the SCS and increase the OHC. Our results suggest that the scope of the tropical wind stress is the crucial factor when we consider the relationship between the upper ocean thermal conditions in the SCS and the Pacific variability.
Middle ear Pathologies in Adults Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sebothoma Ben , Khoza-Shangase Katijah
Published: March 2020

Introduction:

Middle ear pathologies have been linked with HIV. The onset and development of these pathologies in individuals with HIV have not been categorized; and clarity has not been gained regarding whether their presentation is any different in this population when compared to HIV negative control group.

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to explore and document published evidence reflecting trends in middle ear pathologies in adults living with HIV.

Methods:

A systematic review of literature from January 1982 to December 2018 was conducted using Medline, CINAHL, PubMed, and Psych Info. Studies that reported the occurrence rate of middle ear pathologies in adults with HIV and published in English were included.

Results:

Twelve articles met the inclusion criteria. Evidence suggests that the reported occurrence rates of middle ear pathologies ranges from 2.5% to 58% in this population. The variability in assessment measures as well as the different cut-off criteria used in studies seem to have an influence in the findings, with pure tone audiometry identifying more middle ear pathologies in the current review than tympanometry with 226 Hz probe tone and clinical examination. Otitis media, conductive hearing loss, and type B tympanogram were common findings reported in this study. No evidence of an association between the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and the rates of middle ear pathologies was found.

Conclusion:

Although there are very few studies that have reported on middle ear pathologies in adults living with HIV, the available studies have sufficiently established a link between HIV and middle ear disease in this population, and have revealed that the rate of occurrence is influenced by a number of factors. Key amongst these is the type of assessment measure used. Careful analysis of middle ear pathologies in this population through well controlled research designs that include different assessment measures. The use of case-control and longitudinal designs to determine differences between groups and to establish the time of onset and development of middle ear pathologies is required.