bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
US IN LATIN AMERICA: KEY CURRENT INTERESTS AND METHODS OF THEIR ADVANCEMENT
Authors: Kulinich T.
Published: November 2017

The present article reviews the current set of interests of the United States of America in respect of Latin American countries. The author believes that the key groups of interests pursued by the US in Latin America are as follows: political and security interests, economic interests, and combined interests, the most important of the latter being the interests relating to combating drug trafficking.
The author believes that the economic interest, albeit being a secondary one in terms of formal hierarchy of interests, is in fact one of the core US interests in the region at present. The US is interested to preserve its influence upon the Latin American market, and further engage the Latin American workforce and industrial capacities to the benefit of the US economy. The US pursues its interests in Latin America, inter alia, through various integration projects, including NAFTA, CAFTA-DR, FTAA, and a range of free trade areas.
The article also addresses the interest of the US in the field of prevention of drug trafficking, which constitutes an important area of cooperation between the US and the Latin American countries concerned. The author argues that, despite the fact that the current outcomes of the ongoing war on drugs may be perceived as controversial, the issue in question serves as a strong factor contributing to the growth of the US influence over, and its presence within, the region.
The article also reviews key methods used by the US to further its interests in Latin America, including the classical methods and those relating to soft power.
INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE REGIME AND NATIONAL LAW: CASE-STUDY ON UKRAINE
Authors: Medvedieva M.
Published: November 2017

The article considers the inter linkages and overlaps in climate change regime at the national level. The purpose of this research is to prove that fragmentation in climate change regime at the international level can lead to fragmentation and non-compliance at the domestic level. The author stipulates that the fact that climate change is governed by multiple international regimes affects national laws and policies. The author examines different pieces of Ukrainian legislation relating to combating climate change and draws to the conclusion that Ukrainian law on climate change mitigation and adaptation is sporadic and not coherent, it lacks integrated and systematic governance. All sectoral legal acts on energy, energy efficiency, renewable energy sources, agriculture, protection of the atmosphere, etc. require deep reconsideration in light of Ukrainian international obligations on the climate change mitigation and adaptation. New legislation on monitoring, reporting, and verification of the GHGs emissions in various sectors should be adopted.
CONCEPT OF STATE SOVEREIGNTY IN INTERNATIONAL LAW
Authors: Kubalskiy V.
Published: November 2017

In the article is studied of concept ≪state sovereignty≫, his international legal properties and features of conception of state sovereignty in an international law on the modern stage. The special value undertaken a study acquires in connection with a loss Ukraine of sovereignty above separate parts of territory of Ukraine. Given the international legal acts, which contain legal opinion of the events of 2014 in Crimea.
The legal envisaged concept of state sovereignty is absent in an international law formally. The analysis of doctrine approaches of lawyers-specialists in international law is conducted to the concept ≪state sovereignty≫. The analysis of legal literature witnessed, that a concept ≪state sovereignty≫ in an international law is characterized by next signs: political and legal independence, value as primary international legal subject; needed for exceptional supremacy of state power and envisages insubordination of power of other state; conditioned by legal equality of the independent states and is in basis of modern international law.
State sovereignty is characterized international legaland internal aspects. Under the external aspect of sovereignty is understood independent of other subjects of international law. The internal aspect of territorial supremacy means the right of the state exercise its authority within its territory
Sovereign equality is a concept, what derivant from a concept ≪sovereignty≫. But in most international legal acts, the concept of ≪state sovereignty≫ is used primarily in combination with the principle of territorial integrity of states. Principle of territorial integrity essentially comes forward as a major backer-up of state sovereignty, as exactly territory is an obligatory sign of any state, sphere of action of his sovereignty.
The concept of state sovereignty in international law is based on the principles of international law, primarily the non-use of force and threat of force in international relations, the sovereign equality of states, non-interference in the internal affairs of states, inviolability of borders and territorial integrity of states. At the national level, appropriate to speak of sovereignty as a property of the state, and at the international level, the principle of respect for state sovereignty.
Thus, state sovereignty remains the base of the international legal system. The most serious crime against state sovereignty in an international criminal law is a crime of aggression. In the framework of international law, it is expedient to develop more effective mechanisms for the protection of state sovereignty, taking into account the need to protect it from contemporary forms of manifestation of an international crime ≪aggression≫, which is accompanied by information, trade, as well as ≪hybrid≫ wars.
Accuracy of motor tests related to musculoskeletal fitness as predictors of low back pain in adolescents: a pilot study
Authors: Oliveira Raphael Gonçalves de , Oliveira Rodrigo Franco de , Remonte Anne Karoline , Garcia Sandy Caroline , Sczepanski Cláudia Roberta Brunnquell , Menossi Berlis Ribeiro dos Santos , Santos Claudinei Ferreira dos , Martini Fábio Antônio Néia , Lirani Luciana da Silva , Oliveira Laís Campos de
Published: November 2017

Background: The prevalence of low back pain in adolescents is close to that found in the adult population. In view of the relationship between low back pain and the resistance of the spine stabilizing muscles, studies have sought to identify the ability of specific motor tests to predict this condition. Objectives: Our objective was to verify the predictive ability of three motor tests related to musculoskeletal fitness to identify adolescents with low back pain. Methods: The sample consisted of 150 adolescents, of both sexes, aged between 15 and 19 years. The Nordic questionnaire validated for Brazilian adolescents was applied to identify those with low back pain. Subsequently, three motor tests (one-minute sit-up test, Sorensen test and lateral plank test) were applied. Statistical analysis involved the ROC curve, to identify the Area Under the Curve (AUC), assuming a 95% confidence interval. Results: It was observed in males that all the tests had a low AUC (between 0.56 and 0.57), without statistical significance (p > 0.05). For females, AUC ranged from 0.62 to 0.66, with statistical significance (p < 0.05) for the cut-off points identified in the one-minute sit-up test (≤ 24 repetitions) and Sorensen test (≤ 28 seconds), however, without significance (p > 0.05) for the lateral plank test. Conclusion: Motor tests of abdominal and paravertebral muscle resistance were not predictors of low back pain in male adolescents. Despite the low accuracy, the cut-off points identified in the one-minute sit-up test and Sorensen test, can be used with some caution to predict low back pain in female adolescents.
Escreva, querida
Authors: Mendes Francisco De Morais
Published: November 2017

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Antonio Bonet. Plataformas
Authors: Ródenas García Juan Fernando , Domingo Magaña José Ramón
Published: November 2017

La mayoría de los edificios proyectados por Antonio Bonet (1913-89) son conocidos por el tratamiento escultórico de la cubierta. Dicho tratamiento genera una sensación de ligereza que revela el carácter aéreo, tectónico, de los mismos. Valga de ejemplo la ondulación de la cubierta de la casa La Ricarda (1949-62) que parece flotar entre los pinos. Si miramos con detenimiento la implantación de sus obras en su contexto paisajístico, podemos desvelar operaciones compositivas complementarias que realzan tal efecto, por contraste entre opuestos, como es la manipulación de la base de asiento de los edificios con plataformas, ya sean preexistentes, ya sean recreadas por el arquitecto. La plataforma es un concepto arquitectónico que se puede asociar a lo telúrico, terrenal, estereotómico, contrario a la idea de ligereza de su antagonista: el pabellón. La plataforma genera la atmósfera de las construcciones hipogeas que remiten a un origen vernáculo que puede recordar arquitecturas del pasado. La descomposición de la sección para resolver el encuentro de los edificios con el plano del suelo, en ocasiones se provoca ya desde el Plan urbanístico. Es preciso apuntar que en la obra de Bonet no puede establecerse una línea clara que separe la arquitectura del urbanismo.
Construcción mínima en la obra de Tous y Fargas
Authors: Hernández Falagán David
Published: November 2017

Entre la década de 1950 y 1960 dos arquitectos barceloneses exploraron las posibilidades técnicas de la arquitectura en un contexto dominado por el conformismo realista que la situación política determinaba. Fieles a un contacto directo con la fabricación industrial, que sus primeros trabajos había propiciado, el tándem Tous y Fargas se valió de referentes internacionales, especialmente norteamericanos, para la reproducción de soluciones constructivas y metodologías de producción innovadoras. Con la eficiencia técnica como premisa, sus trabajos persiguieron incidir en la industria constructiva local mediante la proposición de prototipos residenciales como la Casa Door y la Casa Solanas.
Párrafos de arquitectura. Core[oh]grafías. Miguel Ángel Díaz Camacho
Authors: Rubio Hernández Rosana
Published: November 2017

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Fotografía y arquitectura moderna en España. Antología de textos. Iñaki Bergera / Amparo Bernal (eds.)
Authors: Marina Jesús , Morón Elena
Published: November 2017

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Renunciar a la eternidad
Authors: Garcia Odiaga Íñigo
Published: November 2017

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To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of ramipril in albino rats
Authors: Amoghimath Siddamma , R. N. Suresha , M. K. Jayanthi
Published: November 2017

Background: Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a product of Renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS). Angiotensin‑II regulates vascular tone, stimulates the release of pro‑inflammatory cytokines, activates nuclear factor‑kappa B (NF‑κB), increases oxidant stress and functions as an inflammatory molecule. Ramipril an ACE inhibitor act by inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme, decreases angiotensinogen II activity. Hence the present was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of Ramipril.Methods: Eighteen Wistar albino rats weighing around 150-200gms of either sex were randomly selected from central animal facility and divided into three groups. The control group received normal saline 25ml/kg, standard group received Indomethacin 10mg/kg and test group received Ramipril (0.9mg/kg) orally for six days. The animals were subjected to carrageenan induced paw oedema and cotton pellet induced granuloma model.Results: Ramipril significantly decreased the mean paw oedema in carrageenan induced paw oedema when compared to control and in cotton pellet induced granuloma Ramipril decreased the mean granuloma weight when compared to control.Conclusions: Ramipril showed anti-inflammatory activity when given for 6 consecutive days per orally in albino rats in carrageenan induced paw oedema and cotton pellet induced granuloma model.
Obstetric and neonatal outcome among women presenting with reduced fetal movements in third trimester
Authors: Poojari Vidyashree G. , Kumar Sahan S. , Vasudeva Akhila
Published: November 2017

Background: Reduced maternal perception of fetal movements allows early identification, timely evaluation and intervention for fetuses at risk of adverse outcome. The primary objective of this study was to assess the pregnancy characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women presenting to hospital with reduced fetal movements (RFM).Methods: Prospective observational study, recruiting all women with singleton pregnancy at or beyond 28 weeks of gestation presenting with a subjective perception of RFM from April 2015 to December 2016. Maternal characteristics, antenatal risk factors, management pathways and perinatal outcome studied.Results: 47% belonged to high risk pregnancy. Among high risk women, although only 39% showed poor BPP at the first presentation, 58% were delivered irrespective of their gestational age, out of which 32.75% had poor neonatal outcome. Among low risk who had >2 episodes of RFM, 50% had poor neonatal outcome. 7% among high risk pregnancies and 18% among low risk, presented with RFM within 48 hours following steroid prophylaxis.24% of high risk women showed liquor volume abnormalities as compared to low risk (6.3%).Conclusions: Significant proportion of those with RFM belonged to high risk pregnancy. Among high risk group, there were high rates of stillbirth and poor BPP at the time of admission when compared to low risk group. Due to early approach to the hospital and timely intervention, significant women with abnormal BPP had good perinatal outcome. All those fetuses who were delivered on first episode of RFM in low risk group did not show evidence of compromise at birth, probably indicating unnecessary delivery. More than 2 episodes of RFM even among low risk group seems significant as good number of fetuses were compromised at birth. Steroids prophylaxis for the fetal lung maturity causes transient changes in BPP, hence unnecessary delivery should be avoided especially those among low risk pregnancy.
Conventional treatment versus vacuum therapy for diabetic foot ulcers treatment
Authors: Potula Vigna Sai
Published: November 2017

Background: This study compares the efficacy of vacuum therapy against conventional iodine povidone dressing with respect to area and time of ulcer.Methods: This study is a randomized controlled trail which was conducted in Meenakshi Medical College hospital and research institute Enathur Kanchipuram. The number of patients selected were 50, which were divided into 2 groups, Group A which consisted of 25 and received vacuum therapy, Group B which consisted of 25 and received povidone-iodine solution.Results: This study was a 16 days study, mean area of ulcer on day 0 was 11.25 cm2 in group B, 10.89 cm2 in group A. On day 6, mean area of ulcer was 10.44 cm2 in group B, 8.98 cm2 in group A. Mean area of ulcer was 10.39 cm2 in group B, 7.66 cm2 in group A on the end of the day 16. The results show that both the groups showed decrease in the area of ulcers, but patients in group A who underwent vacuum therapy have shown greater decrease in the mean area of ulcer. The decrease in surface area of ulcer was statistically significant i.e. p=0.025. There was a greater decrease in infection in group A on 16th day compared to group A on 16th day. On day 0, 48% and 60% growth of microorganisms was observed in patients of group B and group A respectively (p=0.428). On day 16, 28% and 8% growth of microorganisms was observed in patients of group B and group A respectively (p=0.034).Conclusions: Vacuum therapy was more effective compared to conventional method of povidone-iodone solution dressing in rate of healing and time of healing.
Being Christian Women in The Veranda of Mecca: Symbolizing of Jilbab as In-Between Position
Authors: Thoriquttyas Titis
Published: November 2017

This study sketches light on the implementation of sharia law in Aceh which does not explicitly oblige the Christians to wear jilbab (headscarf). However, in reality some Christian women perforce in wearing headscarf in public. Unlike many other studies which highlighted on the implementation of sharia law, this study pinpoints the attitude of Acehnese Christian women’s negotiation as the minority who live under the sharia law. The participative observation is implemented in Langsa, Aceh which is supported by using deep interview to Christian housewifes, teachers and students. This study examines life context politically, socially and religiously which encourages them in wearing headscarf and their experience in negotiating their identity as Acehnese Christian women. This study is based on habitus’s theory of Pierre Bourdie, Subaltern theory and in-between theory of Bhaba to explain the negotiation effort of Christian women in the Veranda of Mecca. This study reveals that the decision upon wearing headscarf has been a long and bitter process which involves social and personal pressure from Muslims and Christians. Furthermore, the implementation of sharia law in Aceh has created a hybrid culture among Christian women: as form of in-between, being Christian and the Veranda of Mecca community.
Формирование экономической культуры в общеобразовательной школе с учетом региональных аспектов
Authors: Гайрбеков Магомед Сайдахматович
Published: November 2017

Будущее отечественной экономики и степень цивилизованности рынка финансов во многом зависят от экономической грамотности населения нашей страны. Так как будущее России будет формироваться молодежью, необходимо акцентировать внимание на формировании экономической культуры у старшеклассников в условиях тесного сотрудничества государства с образовательными учреждениями. Большинство родителей учеников общеобразовательных учреждений чутко относятся к тому, что изучают их дети. То есть, внедряя экономическую культуру в общеобразовательные учреждения, мы повышаем экономическую грамотность родителей учеников. В статье представлен обзор исследований отечественных авторов в области формирования экономической культуры и определены мероприятия, рекомендуемые к реализации в общеобразовательных школах Чеченской Республики с учетом региональных аспектов с целью формирования экономической культуры старшеклассников.
Экономика знаний и интеграция российского образования в европейский рынок образовательный услуг
Authors: Бурденко Елена Викторовна
Published: November 2017

В исследовании уделено внимание международным программам и исследованиям по оценке достижений в области образования. Проведен анализ интеграции российского высшего образования в европейский рынок образовательных услуг на основе Болонской декларации. Уделено внимание: изменению структуры высшего образования; развитию контроля качества образования; программам, направленным на расширение мобильности студентов, преподавателей. Методологическую и теоретическую основу исследования составили труды классиков экономической теории, работы отечественных и зарубежных ученых по проблемам образования, оценки инвестиций в развитие человеческого капитала, по вопросам формирования «экономики знаний» и функционирования рынка образовательных услуг. В исследовании используются статистические данные ЮНЕСКО, ОЭСР, ООН, Всемирного банка, EFQM, Erasmus, российской Федеральной службы государственной статистки.
Развитие механизма налогообложения организаций участников электронной коммерции как критерий повышения эффективности налогового администрирования России (Часть 1)
Authors: Осокина Ирина Валентиновна
Published: November 2017

В статье рассматриваются вопросы по определению «электронной коммерции» и ее места в формировании налоговой базы как отрасли экономики, модели электронной коммерции, с определением их особенностей. На основании классификации основных видов электронной коммерции определены модели получения доходов. С точки зрения налогообложения в рассмотренных моделях электронной коммерции определены характерные особенности, отличающие ее от обычной торговли, обозначены объективные условия превращения незначительного по объему выручки вида экономической деятельности в один из магистральных секторов экономики, способных стать как существенным источником налоговых поступлений в государственную казну в будущем, так и угрозой фискальным интересам государств.
Стрессоустойчивость как показатель медико-психолого-социальной адаптации лиц с онкологическими заболеваниями
Authors: Шарова Ольга Николаевна
Published: November 2017

В данной статье рассмотрено соотношение показателей стрессоустойчивости с социально-демографическими, медико-биологическими, психологическими и социальными характеристиками лиц с онкологическими заболеваниями. Обнаружены достоверные соотношения стрессоустойчивости с фактом наличия/отсутствия химиотерапии в схеме лечения онкологического заболевания, с семейным статусом, с личностными особенностями и общей неудовлетворенностью в семье обследованной группы лиц. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы для создания программ по профилактике социально обусловленных стрессовых расстройств, а также программ реабилитации лиц, переживших стрессовую ситуацию, и людей с различными соматическими заболеваниями.
Comparative study of feeding and breeding management practices of dairy farmers in two different production systems
Authors: Sekhar M. Raja , Rajanna N. , Mahender M. , Satyanarayana Ch.
Published: November 2017

A field survey was conducted in peri urban and urban areas of Hyderabad city of Telangana state. The data was collected from hundred farmers selected from ten mandals by simple random sampling method for the study. The data on feeding and breeding management practices was collected by personal contact by using a pre-tested questionnaire. The study revealed that farmers followed colostrum feeding to new born calves, fed concentrates in soaked form before milking to the lactating animals, practiced hay making, provided extra allowance during advanced pregnancy and fed mineral supplements. Proper heat detection and insemination of the animals at right time was significantly (P>0.01) higher in peri urban areas than urban area. Majority of farmers followed combination of A.I and natural service for mating of their animals. Most of the farmers followed pregnancy diagnosis at three months in the peri urban (82.0%) area than in urban (36.0%) area. Majority of the dairy farmers bred their animals between 3-5 months after calving in urban and peri-urban areas. Overall farmers were well aware of scientific and organized herd management practices.
Effect of integrated seed treatments on growth, seed yield and quality parameters in black gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]
Authors: Narayanan G. Sathiya , Prakash M. , Kumar V. Rajesh
Published: November 2017

Pulses are one of the most important legume crops in India contributing significantly high quality protein. Among the legumes, black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper), is an important legume crop in our country belonging to the family leguminoceae. The low productivity in pulses may be due to the fact that they are normally grown in marginal lands with inadequate soil moisture and poor fertility status. To increase yield under these circumstances, integrated seed treatment is given as a presowing treatment. Hence, a study was attempted to find out the influence of integrated seed treatments on growth and yield parameters in black gram. The seeds of black gram cv VBN 4 were subjected to various seed treatments and treated seeds along with the control were evaluated for their seed quality, growth, gas exchange and yield parameters both in laboratory and field trials. The study revealed that seeds fortified with MgSO4 + polykote + carbendazim + dimethoate + bioinoculant (Pseudomononas fluorescens) + Rhizobium + Azophos + pelleting with DAP recorded higher seed yield and other parameters when compared to control.
Agronomic management of lentil under relay cropping system
Authors: Mandi Sanjib Kumar , Reja Hasim , Kundu Milan Kanti , Maji Srijani , Nath Rajib , Das Sukanta , Sarker Ashutosh
Published: November 2017

A field experiment was conducted at District Seed Farm, Kalyani, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (22.97oN, 88.43oE, 9.75m MSL), Nadia, West Bengal, India during rabi season of 2014-16 to identify the optimum seed rate and variety for relay cropping with transplanted long duration kharif rice under changing onset of monsoon. The experiment was laid down in split plot design with three replications comprising of three lentil varieties (PL6, WBL 77 and NDL 1) in main plot and four seed rates (50, 60, 70 and 80 kg ha-1) in sub-plot. The varieties and seed rates significantly affected the plant population, pods per plant, biological and seed yield. The lentil variety PL 6 recorded highest seed yield (1446.8 kg ha-1) with the seed rate of 60 kg ha-1 followed by WBL 77 and NDL 1. Among the varieties PL6 recorded highest test weight (27.58 g) followed by NDL 1 (18.36 g) and WBL 77 (16.20 g). The variety PL 6 exhibited highest seed yield which was mainly attributed by the highest test weight of seeds along with moderate plant population m-2 and number of pods plant-1.
Estimation of combining ability and gene action for yield and its components in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh]
Authors: Maida Rakesh Kumar , Patel M. P. , Ahirwar Chandrabhan , Patel A. M.
Published: November 2017

Twenty eight hybrids developed by utilizing eight parents in 8 x 8 diallel mating design excluding reciprocals were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications for twelve characters in order to understand the combining ability and gene action in pigeonpea. The analysis of variance for combining ability revealed presence of additive and non- additive gene action. The ratio of gca/sca variance was less than unity which indicated the preponderance of non- additive gene action for action in the control of pod length, harvest index, protein content and leaf area. The estimates of general combining ability suggested that parents ICPL-87119, GT-103 and AGT-2 were good general combiners for seed yield per plant and its attributing characters while, hybrids UPAS-120 x GT-103, BSMR-853 x BANAS and BSMR-853 x GT-1 showed the higher order sca effect for seed yield per plant. These cross combinations can be potentially utilized in hybrid breeding programmes.
Management of collar rot ( Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Gandhi Vishal , Taya R. S , Kumar Anil
Published: November 2017

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an important short duration crop which can be grown in all seasons and produces high quality edible and industrial oil, besides animal feed and fodders. Sclerotium rolfsii cause both pre and post-emergence mortality of young seedlings besides inciting collar rot in adult plants is considered to be potential biotic limiting factor for cultivation of sunflower. Keeping this fact in view, few fungicides and bio-agents were tested as seed treatment and soil application to manage the collar rot of sunflower under screen house and field conditions. Results indicated that use of fungicides and bio-agents as seed and soil treatments significantly reduced the incidence of collar rot. Under screen house conditions, maximum disease control (75.15 %) was obtained by Vitavax power (carboxin + thiram ) @ 2g/kg seed followed by captan 50 WP @ 3g/kg (70.35%). Trichoderma harzianum @ 20g/kg soil application showed maximum control of the disease (40.62%) as compared to untreated control. Results of studies conducted under field conditions revealed that seed treatment with captan 50 WP @ 3g/kg seed was found most effective treatment in controlling the disease incidence (73.38 %). Among the different bio-agent evaluated, Pseudomonas fluorescensas as soil application gave maximum disease control (55.11 %) of collar rot of sunflower and also maximum seed yield
Estimation of HbA1c value using artificial neural networks
Authors: Peker Musa , Sasar Ali , Ozkaraca Osman , Akcay Gurbuz
Published: November 2017

Diabetes is a life-long disease that occurs because of ineffectiveness or lack of the insulin hormone. Although the blood sugar, fructose and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values are commonly used for diagnosis, the latter give more accurate results. The HbA1c value gives information about the blood sugar levels over the past 2 to 3 months, which is required for treating diabetes. Follow-up data of diabetic patients have been used in this study. In the classification phase, a feed-forward artificial neural network (ANN) was used to estimate the factors affecting HbA1c. The designed ANN has 26 features used as input parameters. The output layer comprises two outputs: normal (HbA1c < 6.5) and high (HbA1c â‰¥ 6.5). An accuracy rate of 90.33% was obtained with the proposed method. The results, which show accurate estimation of the HbA1c level parameters, will be used in future studies to investigate which parameter affects the HbA1c levels, and in what way.

Keywords: Neural network, haemoglobin A1c, diagnosis of diabetes disease
La Escuela Rural de Utawilaya y los adventistas en el Altiplano Puneño 1898 – 1920: Precursora de la educación rural indígena peruana y Latinoamericana
Authors: Ruelas Vargas David
Published: November 2017

RESUMEN                                                                                                   La investigación sobre el desarrollo de la “Escuela Rural de Utawilaya y los Adventistas en el Altiplano puneño 1898 – 1920”, ubicada en la provincia de Puno del sur peruano, presenta como actor relevante al educador Manuel Zúñiga Camacho, fundador de  la Escuela Rural Indígena, quien consideraba a la educación como la única forma de salvación de la exclusión, explotación y pobreza. Los adventistas respaldaron a  Zúñiga para llevar a cabo el proyecto de la escuela rural para indígenas en términos de financiamiento, formalización y ampliación de la presencia educacional en todo el altiplano puneño. El objetivo de la investigación se orientó a conocer el origen, aporte, e influencia de la Escuela Rural de Utawilaya y los adventistas en el Altiplano puneño 1898 – 1920. El método de investigación es de tipo cualitativo y diseño histórico. La metodología parte de la comparación mediante estrategias de búsqueda de fuentes primarias y se sustenta en documentos históricos. Se concluye que Manuel Zúñiga Camacho fue precursor de una educación rural para indígenas en Perú y Latinoamérica. La escuela de Utawilaya, en esencia, centra su atención en la concientización e interpretación, en la comprensión crítica y la acción transformadora de su comunidad. La influencia de la escuela rural de Utawilaya y de los adventistas favoreció el surgimiento de movimientos y rebeliones indígenas, generó conciencia y motivó el enfrentamiento del indio con los sectores más conservadores de la sociedad puneña; el gamonal, las autoridades políticas y la religión, por el derecho a sus tierras y a la educación.
Evolution of Waster Cotton Fiber Hydro-Char Physicochemical Structure during Hydrothermal Carbonation
Authors: Shi Sheng , Zhang Meiling , Zhang Suying , Hou Wensheng , Yan Zhifeng
Published: November 2017

In order to study the hydrothermal behavior of cotton fiber, the carbonization process and structural evolution of discarded cotton fiber (WCF) under hydrothermal conditions were discussed use microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and glucose as model compounds. The results showed that high temperature was beneficial to the hydrolysis of discarded cotton fiber, and the yield of the sugar was 4.5% which was lower than that of MCC 6.51%. WFC and MCC are carbonized in 240~260 ℃ and 220~240 ℃ respectively, while the carbonation temperature of glucose is lower than 220 ℃. The quality ratio of C/O in WCF and glucose hydrothermal products is 5.79 and 5.85 respectively; three kinds of hydrothermal carbonization products have similar crystal structure and oxygen-containing functional groups, and the WCF carbonization products contain a lot of irregular particles while the main products of glucose carbonization are 0.5 μm carbon microspheres (CMCC). The results show that glucose is an important intermediate product of WCF hydrolysis carbonation, and there are two main paths of cotton fiber hydrothermal carbonization: some cotton fibers are completely hydrolyzed into glucose and the nucleation is formed, and then the carbon microspheres are grown; for the other part, the glucose ring of the polysaccharide oligosaccharide formed by the incomplete hydrolysis of cotton fiber in the hydrothermal environment of high temperature and pressure breaks, then forms the particulate matters.
Effect of the Addition of Molybdenum on the Structure and Corrosion Resistance of Zinc–Iron Plating
Authors: Kosugi Daichi , Hagio Takeshi , Kamimoto Yuki , Ichino Ryoichi
Published: November 2017

Zn–Ni plating is indispensable in various industries because of its high corrosion resistance. However, Ni has been reported to trigger allergies; thus, an alternative Ni-free plating is desired. Zn–Fe plating is considered to be a promising candidate, albeit its corrosion resistance still needs to be improved. The corrosion resistance of Zn–Fe plating is expected to increase by the addition of Mo as the third alloying element as it is more noble than Zn and Fe. In this study, Zn–Fe–Mo plating with a corrosion resistance nearly equivalent to that of the Zn–Ni plating was fabricated. Zn–Fe–Mo plating was electrically deposited from continuously agitated plating baths prepared by mixing ZnSO4, FeSO4, Na2MoO4, Na3C6H5O7, and Na2SO4 using Fe or Ni plates as the substrate. The surface morphology, composition, crystal phase, and electronic state of Mo of the platings were investigated by SEM-EDS, XRD, and XPS. The anti-corrosion performance was evaluated by Tafel extrapolation method. Formation of plating comprising a Mo containing alloy phase was found to be crucial for improving corrosion resistance. The Zn–Fe–Mo plating demonstrates promise for replacing anti-corrosion Zn–Ni platings.
TRAINING OF TRAINER BAGI MAHASISWA KKN TENTANG PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH KAIN DALAM RANGKA PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: Solihatin Etin , Desfrina Desfrina , Wijanarko Adi
Published: November 2017

TOT pemanfaatan limbah kain menjadi aksesoris dalam rangka pemberdayaan masyarakat  dilaksanakan  di  ruang  perlengkapan  yang  berbatasan  dengan  LPM dilaksanakan pada tanggal 26 Juni 2015. Diikuti oleh 21 mahasiswa KKN yang akan melaksanakan KKN tanggal 27 Juli 2015 – 26 Agustus 2015.

Hasil Pengabdian Masyarakat ini yaitu TOT merupakan sarana yang efektif untuk memberikan  informasi,  sekaligus  mempraktekkan/melatih  mereka  memanfaatkan  limbah kain menjadi asesoris yang baik dan bernilai ekonomis. Disamping itu tanggung jawab Perguruan Tinggi dalam Tri Dharma Perguruan tinggi dapat terealisasi dengan baik.
The Anatomy of the Articularis Genus Muscle and Its Relation to the Extensor Apparatus of the Knee
Authors: Grob Karl , Gilbey Helen , Manestar Mirjana , Ackland Timothy , Kuster Markus S.
Published: November 2017

Background:

The anatomy of the articularis genus muscle has prompted speculation that it elevates the suprapatellar bursa during extension of the knee joint. However, its architectural parameters indicate that this muscle is not capable of generating enough force to fulfill this function. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the anatomy of the articularis genus, with special emphasis on its relationship with the adjacent vastus intermedius and vastus medialis muscles.

Methods:

The articularis genus muscle was investigated in 18 human cadaveric lower limbs with use of macrodissection techniques. All components of the quadriceps muscle group were traced from origin to insertion, and their affiliations were determined. Six limbs were cut transversely in the middle third of the thigh. The modes of origin and insertion of the articularis genus, its nerve supply, and its connections with the vastus intermedius and vastus medialis were studied.

Results:

The muscle bundles of the articularis genus were organized into 3 main layers: superficial, intermediate, and deep. The bundles of the superficial layer and, in 60% of the specimens, the bundles of the intermediate layer originated from both the vastus intermedius and the anterior and anterolateral surfaces of the femur. The bundles of the deep layer and, in 40% of the specimens, the bundles of the intermediate layer arose solely from the anterior surface of the femur. The distal insertion sites included different levels of the suprapatellar bursa and the joint capsule. A number of connections between the articularis genus and the vastus intermedius were found. While the vastus medialis inserted into the whole length of the vastus intermedius aponeurosis, it included muscle fibers of the articularis genus, building an intricate muscle system supplied by nerve branches of the same medial deep division of the femoral nerve.

Conclusions:

The articularis genus, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius have a complex, interacting architecture, suggesting that the articularis genus most likely does not act as an independent muscle. With support of the vastus intermedius and vastus medialis, the articularis genus might be able to function as a retractor of the suprapatellar bursa. The finding of likely interplay between the articularis genus, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis is supported by their concurrent innervation.

Clinical Relevance:

The association between the articularis genus, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius may be more complex than previously believed, and this close anatomical connection could have functional implications for knee surgery. Dysfunction, scarring, or postoperative arthrofibrosis of the sophisticated interactive mechanism needs further investigation.
Magnetically Controlled Devices Parallel to the Spine in Children with Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Lorenz Heiko M. , Badwan Batoul , Hecker Marina M. , Tsaknakis Konstantinos , Groenefeld Katharina , Braunschweig Lena , Hell Anna K.
Published: November 2017

Background:

Children with severe spinal deformity frequently are managed with growth-friendly implants. After initial surgery, externally controlled magnetic rods allow spinal deformity correction during growth without further surgical intervention. The ability to lengthen the spine without additional surgical procedures is especially beneficial in high-risk children, such as those with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). The purpose of the present study was to assess the level of control of spinal deformity in a homogeneous group of patients with SMA who were managed with magnetically controlled implants for 2 years.

Methods:

This prospective, nonrandomized study included 21 non-ambulatory children with type-II SMA and progressive scoliosis who were managed bilaterally with a magnetically controlled implant that was inserted parallel to the spine with use of rib-to-pelvis hook fixation. Radiographic measurements of scoliotic curves, kyphosis, lordosis, pelvic obliquity, and spinal length were performed before and after implantation of the magnetically controlled device and during external lengthening. The mean duration of follow-up was 2 years.

Results:

The mean main curve of patients without prior vertical expandable prosthetic titanium rib (VEPTR) treatment decreased from 70° before implantation of the magnetically controlled device to 30° after implantation of the device. Correction was maintained during the follow-up period, with a mean curve of 31° at the time of the latest follow-up at 2.2 years. Pelvic obliquity was surgically corrected by 76% (from 17° to 4°) and remained stable during follow-up. Thoracic kyphosis could not be corrected within the follow-up period. Spinal length of children without prior spinal surgery increased by >50 mm immediately after device implantation and steadily increased at a rate of 13.5 mm/yr over the course of treatment. During treatment, 4 general complications occurred and 6 lengthening procedures failed, with 3 patients requiring surgical revision.

Conclusions:

Bilateral implantation of an externally controlled magnetic rod with rib-to-pelvis fixation represents a safe and efficient method to control spinal deformity in children with SMA, achieving sufficient and stable curve correction as well as increased spinal length. The complication rate was lower than those that have been described for VEPTR and other growing rod instrumentation strategies.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
IS IT POSSIBLE TO FORECAST FOOD DRUG INTERACTION
Authors: pathak Kamla
Published: November 2017

Most people have the mistaken belief that being natural, all herbs and foods are safe. It cannot be said to be true. The herbs and foods may interact with medications taken, that may result in serious side reactions. For the simple reason that like oral medication, food and herbs also traverse the same gastrointestinal path.
Una aplicación de la teoría del comportamiento planificado al segmento masculino latinoamericano de productos de cuidado personal
Authors: Regalado Pezúa Otto , Guerrero Medina Carlos Alberto , Montalvo Corzo Raúl Francisco
Published: November 2017

Este estudio busca identificar los factores que influyen en el consumo de productos de cuidado personal dentro del segmento masculino latinoamericano. Para ello, se aplicó un instrumento basado en la teoría del comportamiento planificado a 600 hombres pertenecientes a dos países de la región con diferentes niveles de desarrollo de la categoría en cuestión: México (alto desarrollo) y Perú (moderado desarrollo). Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados a partir de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados sugieren que, en ambos países estudiados, la norma subjetiva inhibiría el consumo de este tipo de productos entre los hombres. Asimismo, el impacto de la norma subjetiva sería menor en hombres jóvenes, teniendo ellos mayor apertura al consumo de estos productos.
Caracterización del rol actual de la mujer en la gerencia de proyectos en Colombia
Authors: Carreño Sánchez Fredy , Vargas Marín Ángela C. , Giraldo Germán Eduardo
Published: November 2017

En este estudio, se identifican características de mujeres que desempeñan roles de gerencia de proyectos en Colombia, en general, información sobre sus competencias, habilidades, capacitación, entre otras, a partir de las cuales se puedan proponer acciones que contribuyan a incrementar la participación y a mejorar el desempeño de las mujeres en esta disciplina. El estudio se realizó a partir de la revisión de literatura con información sobre estándares sobre competencias y habilidades de los gerentes de proyectos y de resultados de investigaciones sobre el tema y la participación de mujeres en la gerencia de proyectos. Para este estudio, de enfoque cualitativo, se aplicó un cuestionario estructurado en línea, respondido por veintiún participantes. A partir de la experiencia, se proponen acciones en etapas posteriores de la investigación y en trabajos futuros.
El rol de la mujer en la configuración del empresariado entre las décadas de 1950 y 1970
Authors: Hernández María E. , Barreto Bernal Patricia C. , Gutiérrez Molina Óscar
Published: November 2017

Esta investigación buscó comprender el rol de la mujer en la configuración del empresariado boyacense entre las décadas de 1950 y 1970. Para tal fin, se consultaron las notarías primera y segunda de Tunja (Boyacá) que dieran fe de la constitución de empresas con participación femenina, y se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a mujeres que crearon sus negocios en esta época e influyeron en el desarrollo empresarial de la región. Se concluyó del análisis documental y de la información obtenida de las entrevistas en profundidad que el papel real y activo de la mujer en las décadas de 1950, 1960 y 1970 en los negocios de la región fue poco representativo, aun así, las mujeres participantes fueron líderes, aguerridas e irreverentes que desafiaron los cánones sociales de la época con el fin de cumplir sus metas.
Relación entre factores administrativos e innovación
Authors: Varela Loyola José Antonio , Méndez Mendoza José Nemorio
Published: November 2017

Rev.esc.adm.neg

El objetivo del artículo es determinar la relación existente entre la innovación técnica e innovación administrativa en organizaciones conocidas como pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes) del ramo de las autopartes, considerando aquellos factores que promueven la innovación: planteamiento de objetivos, enfoque de mercado, estrategia competitiva, mercado global y relación con el cliente. Para ello, se realizó un estudio de correlación de rho Spearman asociando las variables de innovación técnica y administrativa con doce pymes del ramo de las autopartes ubicadas en el estado de Tlaxcala (México). Los resultados de esta investigación evidencian una relación positiva entre el planteamiento de objetivos, el enfoque de mercado, la estrategia competitiva, el mercado global y la relación con el cliente con la innovación técnica, mientras que no hay evidencia de una relación entre todos los factores con la innovación administrativa.
Epigenetic Basis of Twin Discordance in Diseases: Future Benefits
Authors: Demir Ayse Banu , Demir Namik
Published: November 2017

Monozygotic twins share the same genotype since they are derived from the same zygote. However, monozygotic (MZ) twin siblings frequently present many phenotypic differences, such as their susceptibilities to diseases. These isogenic individuals are not entirely identical. They exhibit phenotypic incompatibility for many features, from birth weight to complex diseases. Recently, several studies have been published showing that phenotypic differences, especially in MZ twins, are being induced from prenatal period to life-long epigenetic differences. Epigenetic studies on twins have a great potential to contribute to our understanding of complex diseases, such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, psychiatric disorders and neurological diseases. Since MZ twins are genetic clones (genetically identical), they are considered as perfect models for studying the role of environmental factors as determinants of complex diseases and phenotypes. In this review, a number of intrauterine effects and genetic mechanisms that may affect phenotypic, genotypic, and epigenetic differences between MZ twins were described and effects of epigenetic mechanisms on complex diseases were mentioned. Further work on epigenetic changes in diseases using incompatible MZ twin models, would lead to new developments in medical therapies.