bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic approach of hepatic hydatid double cyst in pediatric patient: difficulties, indications and limitations
Authors: Drăghici Isabela M. , Popescu Maria D. , Pătru Constantin C. , Raicu Anca M. , Boloagă Roxana , Drăghici Liviu
Published: July 2017

Purpose: Laparoscopic management analysis of a rare condition having potentially severe evolution, seen in pediatric surgical pathology. Aims: Outlining the optimal surgical approach method of hepatic hydatid double cyst and the laparoscopic method’s limitations. Materials and Methods: The patient is a 6 years old girl that presented with two simultaneous giant hepatic hydatid cysts (segments VII-VIII), having close vicinity to the right branch of portal vein and to hepatic veins; she benefited from a single stage partial pericystectomy Lagrot performed by laparoscopy. Results: The procedure had no intraoperative accidents or incidents. Had good postoperative evolution without immediate or late complications. Trocars positioning had been adapted to the patient’s size and cysts topography. Conclusions: The laparoscopic treatment is feasible and safe, but is not yet the gold standard for a hepatic hydatid disease due to certain inconveniences.
The determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations of selected antimicrobials for porcine Haemophilus parasuis isolates from the Czech Republic
Authors: Nedbalcová Kateřina , Zouharová Monika , Šperling Daniel
Published: July 2017

Haemophilus parasuisisolates obtained from pigs in the Czech Republic were tested for their susceptibility to amoxicillin, penicillin, ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, tetracycline, and tulathromycin by determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations using the broth microdilution method. TheH. parasuisisolates were mostly susceptible to majority of tested antimicrobials (amoxicillin 90%, penicillin 73.3%, enrofloxacin 83.3%, and tulathromycin 83.3%). All isolates were susceptible to ceftiofur. On the other hand, no isolate was susceptible to tetracycline, 30% of tested isolates were intermediately susceptible, and 70% were resistant. These findings indicate that tested antimicrobials with the exception of tetracycline should be the preferred option used for the treatment of infection caused byH. parasuisbut due to the potential transmission of resistance from animals to humans, the use of ceftiofur is considered as a last resort option in antimicrobial treatment of animals.
Prevalence and epidemiological and histopathological features of canine cutaneous mast cell tumours in Uberlândia, Brazil
Authors: Costa Marcelo Carrijo , Silva Ana Letícia Daher Aprígio , Moreira Thais Almeida , Gundim Lígia Fernandes , Medeiros-Ronchi Alessandra Aparecida
Published: July 2017

This study aimed to perform a retrospective survey of canine cutaneous mast cell tumours at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Uberl‰ndia, as well as to gather epidemiological data, such as breed, age, sex, and location. We also sought to histopathologically classify and characterize the mast cell tumours. Mast cell tumour was the most common neoplasm, accounting for 16.78% of skin neoplasms. In terms of the epidemiological data, the mast cell tumours did not show sexual predilection. Animals aged 9 to 12 years were the most affected (44.14%). The genitalia were the most frequent location (28.15%), and mongrel dogs showed the highest prevalence (30.43%), followed by boxers (22.61%). A total of 92 slides were classified; grade II was most frequently seen (61.96%). Statistically, injuries such as necrosis, oedema, and haemorrhage were not related with histological classification (P > 0.05). Finally, the mitotic index was related to tumour grade (P < 0.05), and can act as an instrument for histological classification of these tumours. Mast cell tumour is the most common neoplasm in dogs, with no sex predilection. Contrary to what was expected, oedema, necrosis and haemorrhage do not increase according to graduation and can be seen in all classifications. Mitotic index is the best indicator to classify these neoplasms.
Surveillance perspective on Lyme borreliosis across the European Union and European Economic Area
Authors: van den Wijngaard Cees C , Hofhuis Agnetha , Simões Mariana , Rood Ente , van Pelt Wilfrid , Zeller Herve , Van Bortel Wim
Published: July 2017

Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most prevalent tick-borne disease in Europe. Erythema migrans (EM), an early, localised skin rash, is its most common presentation. Dissemination of the bacteria can lead to more severe manifestations including skin, neurological, cardiac, musculoskeletal and ocular manifestations. Comparison of LB incidence rates in the European Union (EU)/European Economic Area (EEA) and Balkan countries are difficult in the absence of standardised surveillance and reporting procedures. We explored six surveillance scenarios for LB surveillance in the EU/EEA, based on the following key indicators: (i) erythema migrans, (ii) neuroborreliosis, (iii) all human LB manifestations, (iv) seroprevalence, (v) tick bites, and (vi) infected ticks and reservoir hosts. In our opinion, neuroborreliosis seems most feasible and useful as the standard key indicator, being one of the most frequent severe LB manifestations, with the possibility of a specific case definition. Additional surveillance with erythema migrans as key indicator would add value to the surveillance of neuroborreliosis and lead to a more complete picture of LB epidemiology in the EU/EEA. The other scenarios have less value as a basis for EU-level surveillance, but can be considered periodically and locally, as they could supply complementary insights.
Development and Student Evaluation of an Anatomically Correct High-Fidelity Calf Leg Model
Authors: French Hilari M. , Dascanio John D. , Peterson Erik W. , Gilbert Gregory E. , Wright Christopher C. , Wickman David D. , Bauman Eric B.
Published: July 2017

Obstetrical chain placement requires location of specific landmarks and a certain dexterity that must be practiced. Use of low-fidelity models may not always provide students with a realistic experience. In this study we developed an anatomically correct high-fidelity calf leg model that would serve as a better teaching model for pre-clinical veterinary students than a pre-existing low-fidelity polyvinyl chloride (PVC) model. One hundred and twenty pre-clinical veterinary students were instructed how to use obstetrical chains with a low-fidelity PVC model and the anatomically correct high-fidelity calf leg model. After a 45-minute lab, students were surveyed on their experience with both models. Overall students felt the anatomically correct high-fidelity calf leg model increased accuracy in chain placement and provided more accurate landmarks, a more realistic model, and more real-life scenario training.
Examination Outcomes Following Use of Card Games for Learning Radiographic Image Quality in Veterinary Medicine
Authors: Ober Christopher P.
Published: July 2017

Understanding the concepts of radiographic image quality and artifact formation can be difficult for veterinary students. Two educational card games were previously developed to help students learn about factors affecting contrast and blackness as well as radiographic artifacts. Second-year veterinary students played one of the two card games as a part of their normal studies for their veterinary imaging course and later took the radiographic physics quiz normally administered during the course. Performance on quiz questions related to each of the two games was compared between students who played each respective game and those who did not. The hypothesis was that students who played a game would perform better on related questions than those who did not play that game. For the contrast and blackness questions, students who played the associated game as part of their studies performed better than those who only studied by conventional means (mean 4.3 vs. 3.8 out of 5 points, p=.02). However, there was no significant difference in results between groups for artifacts questions (mean 4.7 vs. 4.5 out of 5 points, p=.35). Based on these results, educational game play can have benefits to student learning, but performance may be dependent on specific game objectives and play mechanics.
Analysis on the Accuracy of Intraoral Scanners: The Effects of Mandibular Anterior Interdental Space
Authors: Chun Ji-hye , Tahk Ji , Chun Youn-Sic , Park Ji-Man , Kim Minji
Published: July 2017

In this study, we evaluated the effects of mandibular anterior interdental space on the accuracy of intraoral scanners. Four models of mandibular arch with varying distances of anterior interdental space were analyzed; incisors were evenly spaced out between the two canines by 0 mm, 1 mm, 3 mm, and 5 mm. The full arch of each model was scanned 10 times with iTero® and Trios®. The images were superimposed with those from the reference scanner (Sensable S3) and compared using Geomagic Verify. Statistical analysis was conducted using a t-test, paired t-test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Differences in the accuracy of images were statistically significant according to both iTero® and Trios®; a greater deviation was noted with increasing anterior interdental space (p < 0.05). Upon dividing the lower arch into five sections, larger deviation was observed with iTero® in the molar area, except in the model with 1 mm space. With Trios®, the largest deviation was observed in the right molar area in all models. The maximum deviations of intermolar width were 0.66 mm and 0.76 mm in iTero® and Trios®, respectively. This comparison suggests that Trios® demonstrates a higher accuracy than iTero® in all models and in all sections of the arch. However, the mean deviations indicate that both iTero® and Trios® are clinically acceptable.
3D Printing and 3D Bioprinting in Pediatrics
Authors: Vijayavenkataraman Sanjairaj , Fuh Jerry , Lu Wen
Published: July 2017

Additive manufacturing, commonly referred to as 3D printing, is a technology that builds three-dimensional structures and components layer by layer. Bioprinting is the use of 3D printing technology to fabricate tissue constructs for regenerative medicine from cell-laden bio-inks. 3D printing and bioprinting have huge potential in revolutionizing the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. This paper reviews the application of 3D printing and bioprinting in the field of pediatrics.
Clausius Relation for Active Particles: What Can We Learn from Fluctuations
Authors: Puglisi Andrea , Marini Bettolo Marconi Umberto
Published: July 2017

Many kinds of active particles, such as bacteria or active colloids, move in a thermostatted fluid by means of self-propulsion. Energy injected by such a non-equilibrium force is eventually dissipated as heat in the thermostat. Since thermal fluctuations are much faster and weaker than self-propulsion forces, they are often neglected, blurring the identification of dissipated heat in theoretical models. For the same reason, some freedom—or arbitrariness—appears when defining entropy production. Recently three different recipes to define heat and entropy production have been proposed for the same model where the role of self-propulsion is played by a Gaussian coloured noise. Here we compare and discuss the relation between such proposals and their physical meaning. One of these proposals takes into account the heat exchanged with a non-equilibrium active bath: such an “active heat” satisfies the original Clausius relation and can be experimentally verified.
Novel Substrates as Sources of Ancient DNA: Prospects and Hurdles
Authors: Green Eleanor , Speller Camilla
Published: July 2017

Following the discovery in the late 1980s that hard tissues such as bones and teeth preserve genetic information, the field of ancient DNA analysis has typically concentrated upon these substrates. The onset of high-throughput sequencing, combined with optimized DNA recovery methods, has enabled the analysis of a myriad of ancient species and specimens worldwide, dating back to the Middle Pleistocene. Despite the growing sophistication of analytical techniques, the genetic analysis of substrates other than bone and dentine remain comparatively “novel”. Here, we review analyses of other biological substrates which offer great potential for elucidating phylogenetic relationships, paleoenvironments, and microbial ecosystems including (1) archaeological artifacts and ecofacts; (2) calcified and/or mineralized biological deposits; and (3) biological and cultural archives. We conclude that there is a pressing need for more refined models of DNA preservation and bespoke tools for DNA extraction and analysis to authenticate and maximize the utility of the data obtained. With such tools in place the potential for neglected or underexploited substrates to provide a unique insight into phylogenetics, microbial evolution and evolutionary processes will be realized.
Special Issue Introduction: Role of Epigenetic Gene Regulation in Brain Function
Authors: Grayson Dennis
Published: July 2017

In 1957, Conrad H. Waddington published a paper in which he demonstrated the inheritance of an acquired characteristic in a population in response to an environmental stimulus [1].[...]
In-Situ Investigation of Strain-Induced Martensitic Transformation Kinetics in an Austenitic Stainless Steel by Inductive Measurements
Authors: Celada-Casero Carola , Kooiker Harm , Groen Manso , Post Jan , San-Martin David
Published: July 2017

An inductive sensor developed by Philips ATC has been used to study in-situ the austenite (γ) to martensite (α′) phase transformation kinetics during tensile testing in an AISI 301 austenitic stainless steel. A correlation between the sensor output signal and the volume fraction of α′-martensite has been found by comparing the results to the ex-situ characterization by magnetization measurements, light optical microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The sensor has allowed for the observation of the stepwise transformation behavior, a not-well-understood phenomena that takes place in large regions of the bulk material and that so far had only been observed by synchrotron X-ray diffraction.
Oil Palm Waste-Based Precursors as a Renewable and Economical Carbon Sources for the Preparation of Reduced Graphene Oxide from Graphene Oxide
Authors: Nasir Salisu , Hussein Mohd , Yusof Nor , Zainal Zulkarnain
Published: July 2017

Herein, a new approach was proposed to produce reduced graphene oxide (rGO) from graphene oxide (GO) using various oil palm wastes: oil palm leaves (OPL), palm kernel shells (PKS) and empty fruit bunches (EFB). The effect of heating temperature on the formation of graphitic carbon and the yield was examined prior to the GO and rGO synthesis. Carbonization of the starting materials was conducted in a furnace under nitrogen gas for 3 h at temperatures ranging from 400 to 900 °C and a constant heating rate of 10 °C/min. The GO was further synthesized from the as-carbonized materials using the ‘improved synthesis of graphene oxide’ method. Subsequently, the GO was reduced by low-temperature annealing reduction at 300 °C in a furnace under nitrogen gas for 1 h. The IG/ID ratio calculated from the Raman study increases with the increasing of the degree of the graphitization in the order of rGO from oil palm leaves (rGOOPL) < rGO palm kernel shells (rGOPKS) < rGO commercial graphite (rGOCG) < rGO empty fruit bunches (rGOEFB) with the IG/ID values of 1.06, 1.14, 1.16 and 1.20, respectively. The surface area and pore volume analyses of the as-prepared materials were performed using the Brunauer Emmett Teller-Nitrogen (BET-N2) adsorption-desorption isotherms method. The lower BET surface area of 8 and 15 m2 g−1 observed for rGOCG and rGOOPL, respectively could be due to partial restacking of GO layers and locally-blocked pores. Relatively, this lower BET surface area is inconsequential when compared to rGOPKS and rGOEFB, which have a surface area of 114 and 117 m2 g−1, respectively.
Use of a Mobile Application for Self-Monitoring Dietary Intake: Feasibility Test and an Intervention Study
Authors: Lee Ji-Eun , Song Sihan , Ahn Jeong , Kim Yoonhee , Lee Jung
Published: July 2017

Given the increasing social and economic burden of chronic disease and the need for efficient approaches to prevent and treat chronic disease, emphasis on the use of information and communication technology (ICT)-based health care has emerged. We aimed to test the feasibility of a mobile application, Diet-A, and examine whether Diet-A could be used to monitor dietary intake among adolescents. In a three-month pre–post intervention study, 9 male and 24 female high school students aged 16–18 years consented and participated in this study. Participants were instructed to record all foods and beverages consumed using voice or text mode input. Nutrient intake was measured using 24-h recalls pre- and post-intervention. We compared nutrient intake data assessed by Diet-A application with those assessed by 24-h recalls. Participants tended to underreport intakes of nutrients compared to those assessed by two 24-h recalls. There were significant decreases in sodium (p = 0.04) and calcium (p = 0.03) intake between pre- and post-intervention. Of participants who completed questionnaires of feasibility (n = 24), 61.9% reported that they were satisfied using the application to monitor their food intake, and 47.7% liked getting personal information about their dietary intake from the application. However, more than 70% of participants answered that it was burdensome to use the application or that they had trouble remembering to record their food intake. The mobile application Diet-A offers the opportunity to monitor dietary intake through real-time feedback. However, use of Diet-A may not provide accurate information on the food intake of adolescents, partly because of the recording burden.
High‐Resolution Genetic and Physical Mapping of the Eastern Filbert Blight Resistance Region in ‘Jefferson’ Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.)
Authors: Sathuvalli Vidyasagar , Mehlenbacher Shawn A. , Smith David C.
Published: July 2017

Eastern filbert blight (EFB), caused by the pyrenomycete Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Müller, is a devastating disease of European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) in the US Pacific Northwest. A dominant allele at a single locus from the obsolete pollenizer ‘Gasaway’ confers a high level of resistance to EFB. To identify the gene responsible for resistance, we initiated map‐based cloning efforts in a population of 1488 seedlings that segregated for resistance. Chromosome walking was initiated using primers designed from eight previously identified random amplified polymorphic DNA markers linked to resistance. The bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library was screened using the primer pairs in a polymerase chain reaction–based pooling and subpooling strategy. Here, we report construction of a high‐resolution genetic map and a physical map of the resistance region. Further, we sequenced BACs in the resistance region and identified and annotated the coding sequences. In seven contigs <1 cM from the resistance locus, 233 genes were predicted. The putative genes were compared with sequences in GenBank using a BLASTP search. Fifty‐one markers were placed on the high‐resolution genetic map, including markers newly developed from the BACs. Segregation in the mapping population placed the resistance locus in a single contig of three BACs (43F13, 66C22, and 85B7). Two of the putative genes are in the p‐loop NTPase and F‐box super‐families localized in a 135‐kb BAC, which have previously been shown to have disease‐resistance properties. Further mapping, complementation, and expression tests of the genes in these BACs is essential to confirm which confer resistance to EFB.
Abundant Methanol Ice toward a Massive Young Stellar Object in the Central Molecular Zone*
Authors: An Deokkeun , Sellgren Kris , Boogert A. C. Adwin , Ramírez Solange V. , Pyo Tae-Soo
Published: July 2017

Previous radio observations revealed widespread gas-phase methanol (CH3OH) in the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) at the Galactic center (GC), but its origin remains unclear. Here, we report the discovery of CH3OH ice toward a star in the CMZ, based on a Subaru 3.4–4.0 μm spectrum, aided by NASA/IRTF

L
′

imaging and 2–4 μm spectra. The star lies ∼8000 au away in projection from a massive young stellar object (MYSO). Its observed high CH3OH ice abundance (

17
%
±
3
%

relative to H2O ice) suggests that the 3.535 μm CH3OH ice absorption likely arises in the MYSO’s extended envelope. However, it is also possible that CH3OH ice forms with a higher abundance in dense clouds within the CMZ, compared to within the disk. Either way, our result implies that gas-phase CH3OH in the CMZ can be largely produced by desorption from icy grains. The high solid CH3OH abundance confirms the prominent 15.4 μm shoulder absorption observed toward GC MYSOs arises from CO2 ice mixed with CH3OH.
Aceptación y uso de los sistemas e-learning por estudiantes de Grado de Ecuador: El caso de una universidad estatal
Authors: Ramirez-Anormaliza Richard , Sabaté Ferrán , Llinàs-Audet Xavier , Lordan Oriol
Published: July 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to adapt the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to predict the use and intended use of e-learning systems among undergraduate students at a state university in Ecuador, with the intention of improving the understanding of those factors that could enhance the utilization of these systems and the implementation of policies to increase the benefits they bring to the process of teaching and learning.Design/methodology: The analysis has epistemological basis on the empirical-inductive, based on observation of perception. Based on the literature review on the evaluation and acceptance of e-learning systems, the model has been adapted to the case of Ecuador and a questionnaire with 52 items based on Likert scales was developed. The instrument was emailed to 600 undergraduate students from a state university in Ecuador, being 423 of them answered satisfactorily. We performed validity and reliability tests of structural equation model by partial least squares (PLS), with the support of statistical software SmartPLS.Contributions and results: The results indicate that all the hypotheses of TAM are met in the Ecuadorian context, when assessing the acceptance of e-learning systems among undergraduate students at a state university. The main contribution was to identify that the perceived enjoyment, social influence and computer self-efficacy have a direct effect on the two main constructs of TAM, perceived ease of use (PEOU) and perceived usefulness (PU). It was also found that satisfaction (S) is highly influenced by PU and S influences the use of e-learning systems, being the first a specific contribution of this study. Technical support showed no influence on the fundamental constructs of TAM.Limitations: The research was conducted to undergraduate students in one state Category B university of Ecuador, being the reality of this country more complex, as there are four categories with different characteristics. We haven’t considered neither age, gender, graduate students nor socioeconomic status, among other student characteristics that may affect the investigation.Practical implications: Identifying the factors that influence the acceptance and use of e-learning systems will help to create and improve teaching and learning environments for undergraduate students. Allowing exploiting the benefits of these technological tools more efficiently, adapting them to management policies of the institutions of higher education.Originality/value: This paper presents empirical data on the use and acceptance of e-learning systems for undergraduate students of a particular university in Ecuador. No similar studies are evident in the country and the model can be considered for future studies of national scope.
Influence of in-store and out-of-store creative advertising strategies on consumer attitude and purchase intention
Authors: Sameti Ardalan , Khalili Hamidreza
Published: July 2017

Purpose: With regard to the fact that people usually try to avoid repetitive and boring advertisements, creativity as the heart of advertising effectiveness has a significant role in drawing their attention. On this basis, the present study attempts to evaluate the influence of creative advertising strategies by comparing “in-store” and “out-of-store” creative advertisements.Design/methodology/approach: This research has been conducted in Tehran (capital of Iran) and 588 volunteers randomly participated in the survey so as to examine the consumers’ attitude/behaviour towards the advertised brand, advertised product, and purchases intention exposing creative in-store and out-of-store advertisements. In the current study, creative “end-of-aisle display stands” in grocery stores/supermarkets represent in-store advertising media, and creative “TV commercials” represent out-of-store advertising. Furthermore to examine the hypotheses, one-sample t-test and paired sample t-test were used.Findings: The results show that creative out-of-store advertising has influence primarily on attitude towards the advertised brand, then on attitude towards the advertised product, and finally on the purchases intention. On the other hand, creative in-store advertising, firstly has influence on the purchase intention, then on attitude towards the advertised brand, and lastly on attitude towards the advertised product. The findings provide important insights to the formulation of strategic marketing/advertising and would pave the related innovative ways to capitalize on strategic opportunities.Originality/value: The study is the first survey comparing the effectiveness of in-store and out-of-store creative advertising in order to find out a strategic marketing/advertising solution.
An Online Interaction Mode for International Trade Practice Course under Network Environment
Authors: Zhu Sasa
Published: July 2017

In this study, behavior sequence analysis was applied to analyze behavior transformation pattern of students’ online study after the introduction of animation design in the course of International Trade Practice. As an effective method to study online study behavior, behavior sequence analysis can be used to track learners’ online learning path and describe their behavior sequence so as to explore their learning habits. Based on the analysis of 240 students’ online learning log data, it is found that multiple behavior sequences are significantly related to learning effect. In this paper, the theory of behavior sequence analysis was adopted to analyze the learning effect of International Trade Practice after the introduction of animation design. The result shows that the introduction of animation design can enhance students’ learning initiative.
Construction of xAPI-based Multimedia Interaction Technology in Architectural Design Teaching
Authors: Wang Haiou
Published: July 2017

Architectural design involves both aesthetic design and mechanical calculation. It is not limited to theoretical graphics, but also needs practical support. Traditional multimedia teaching only provides static display of design drawing and passive teaching. In this mode, students cannot understand design philosophy well, students’ creativity and imagination are restricted, and the problem of learning differentiation due to difference of individual students cannot be solved. Hence, a teaching software that makes use of FLASH for display and is based on xAPI multimedia interaction technology is put forward for architectural design in this paper. Remarkable achievements of its application in teaching have been made, which is helpful to arouse students’ interest in courses, deepen students’ understanding of design, and relieve students’ learning score differentiation due to individual difference of students’ learning ability.
Emerging Economies and Financing of SMEs
Authors: Han Liang , Xiang Xin , Yang Xingquan
Published: July 2017

Existing evidence has shown that SMEs make great contributions to innovation, job creation and economic growth. This chapter reviews recent literature on (1) the important roles played by SMEs in emerging markets and (2) the impacts of financial development on SME finance in such markets. It also uses a unique database form World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES) to document the financing patterns, constraints and other financial issues of SMEs in emerging markets. The descriptive statistics derived from WBES show clear variations of SME financing patterns between emerging and developed markets and shed light on the important role played by financial development in financing SMEs.
The Influence of Specific Criteria of Emerging Markets on SME Financing in MENA Markets
Authors: Snoussi Wafa , Béjaoui Azza
Published: July 2017

In this chapter we are interested in the impact of specific microstructure criteria of emerging markets in the financing of SMEs especially in risk measures. The main risk measurement tool is the Value-at-Risk (VaR) which is recommanded by the Basel II Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS). The recommendations of the Basel II committee give financial institutions the freedom to develop their own Value-at-Risk model of risk measurement in order to calculate their capital requirements for financial risk. The Basel II committee recommends the use of back testing in order to validate the choice of the best method. In order to finance SMEs enterprises in emerging market we must consider the specific microstructure criteria of these emerging markets such as low liquidity, very pronounced asymmetric information, over predictability and high volatility how affects the risk estimation.
Short Video Production for Language Learning and Assessment
Authors: Pan Fang
Published: July 2017

To better encourage students to use a language in a meaningful context, to further provide a new learning methodology and experience, and to innovate assessment, a Chinese video project was introduced to students at the Language Centre of the London School of Economics and Political Science. The project, iFilm, asked students to make a short video using as many of the vocabulary words and grammar points they learned in class as possible. Students were given about three months to come up with the video concepts, to film, and to edit. They could complete the project using any themes they wanted and work either individually or in a group. The project was assessed under three categories: writing, speaking, and video production. Many students found the video project interesting and agreed that it helped their Mandarin learning. However, the project also met several challenges. Some constructive suggestions are provided for future application.
Privacy Concerns and Customers' Information-Sharing Intentions
Authors: Grosso Monica , Castaldo Sandro
Published: July 2017

Today companies are more and more interested in collecting personal information from customers in order to deliver goods and services effectively and to improve their Marketing database and CRM efficacy. However, the ease with which data can be acquired and disseminated, also thanks to the digital technologies, has led to many potential customers demonstrating growing concerns and ethical issues about disclosing personal information. On this topic it is difficult to make too many generalizations, since the cultural differences and the different country regulations seem to weigh significantly.
Trade in Agricultural Products and Food Security Concerns on Emerging Markets
Authors: Erokhin Vasilii
Published: July 2017

Although free trade is a key factor in promoting economic growth, there are markets, which require specific approaches. The food market is one of them due to its vital importance for securing nutritional requirements of the population. Providing the population with food in sufficient quantity and variety is a challenge, which includes a range of issues of food production and dependence on import of the food market. Food security is increasingly influenced by foreign trade policies implemented by national governments. Many of them are re-examining their strategies for dealing with food security concerns and seeking to protect domestic food producers by restricting presence of foreign competitors on the domestic food market. The chapter addresses recent food security trends in emerging countries, including BRICS, Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), and Russia, assesses the effects of food trade distortions in order to balance protection and liberalization policies for achieving effective levels of food security.
State Support of Agricultural Production in Emerging Countries as a Tool to Ensure Food Security
Authors: Lescheva Marina , Ivolga Anna , Labenko Oleksandr
Published: July 2017

The chapter examines the practices of state support of agricultural production in various emerging economies in comparison with selected OECD countries. The aim of the research is to discover how agricultural protectionism and support of domestic farmers affect the level of food security on the emerging markets in the conditions of expanding globalization and liberalization of trade in food. The authors focus on the evaluation of the best practices of state support and discovery of opportunities of their utilization on the emerging markets. Content and mechanisms of state regulation are examined based on the data and evaluation methods obtained from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The authors find out that the system of state regulation is one of the key determinants of achieving food security in the conditions of turbulent emerging markets. Both the volume and priority directions of state support of agriculture are determined by financial capacities of emerging economies and current goals of their agrarian policies.
An Approach to Mining Information From Telephone Graph Using Graph Mining Techniques
Authors: Rao Bapuji , Mishra Sasmita , Mishra Sarojananda
Published: July 2017

This chapter focuses on methods to study communication in a real world social network using the basic concepts of graph theory. The initial section of this chapter starts with a general introduction consisting of related literature and definitions towards understanding the basic concepts of graph mining and graph theory, defining a telephone graph and use of telephone graph for social contexts. The authors have proposed an algorithm for extracting different network provider's sub-graphs, weak and strong connected sub-graphs and extracting incoming and outgoing calls of subscribers which have direct application for studying the human behavior in telephone network. The authors have considered two examples. The authors have implemented the proposed algorithm in C++ programming language and obtained satisfactory results. Finally, the authors have included the snapshots of the output in the chapter to enhance the interest of the readers.
Scalable Method for Information Spread Control in Social Networks
Authors: Wojtasiewicz Michal , Kłopotek Mieczysław
Published: July 2017

In this chapter, scalable and parallelized method for cluster analysis based on random walks is presented. The aim of the algorithm introduced in this chapter is to detect dense sub graphs (clusters) and sparse sub graphs (bridges) which are responsible for information spreading among found clusters. The algorithm is sensitive to the uncertainty involved in assignment of vertices. It distinguishes groups of nodes that form sparse clusters. These groups are mostly located in places crucial for information spreading so one can control signal propagation between separated dense sub graphs by using algorithm provided in this work. Authors have also proposed new coefficient which measures quality of given clustering with respect to information spread control between clusters. Measures presented in this paper can be used for determining quality of whole partitioning or a single bridge.
The Eternal-Return Model of Human Mobility and Its Impact on Information Flow
Authors: Collard Martine , Collard Philippe , Stattner Erick
Published: July 2017

Human motions determine spatial social contacts that influence the way information spreads in a population. With the Eternal-Return model, we simulate an artificial world populated by heterogeneous individuals who differ in their mobility. This mobility model is synthetic but it represents regular patterns and it integrates the principles of periodicity, circular trajectory and variable amplitude of real patterns. We use a multi-agent framework for simulation and we endow agents with simple rules on how to move around the space and how to establish proximity-contacts. We distinguish different kinds of mobile agents, from sedentary ones to travelers. To summarize the dynamics induced by mobility over time, we define the mobility-based “social proximity network” as the network of all distinct contacts between agents. Properties such as the emergence of a giant component are given insight in the process of information spreading. We have conducted simulations to understand which density threshold allows percolation on the network when the mobility is constant and when it is varying.
The Aging and Technological Society
Authors: Ross David B. , Eleno-Orama Maricris , Salah Elizabeth Vultaggio
Published: July 2017

This chapter provides information and support for researchers, family, and medical providers concerning how technology can improve the quality of life for older adults while remain independent as they age in place at home or a community. In examining the available research, the researchers did find continuous developments in Gerontechnology to be beneficial as the aging population is rapidly increasing worldwide. There is increased recognition of the advancement in technology to help the aging in areas of autonomy, socialization, and mental and physical wellbeing. This chapter covered areas of change, independence with a better quality of life, technological devices/adoptions, generational differences and learning with technologies, and university-based retirement communities. This chapter concludes with suggestions for future development in accessibility of technology-based educational programs and the Internet, how to infuse technology to advance the older adults' independence and quality of life, and how older adults are adapting to living in life span communities.
Digital Technologies and 4D Customized Design
Authors: Novak James I. , Loy Jennifer
Published: July 2017

Digital design tools are rapidly changing and blurring the boundaries between design disciplines. By extension, the relationship between humans and products is also changing, to the point where opportunities are emerging for products that can co-evolve with their human users over time. This chapter highlights how these ‘4D products' respond to the vision laid out three decades ago for ubiquitous computing, and have the potential to enhance human experiences by creating more seamless human-centered relationships with technology. These developments are examined in context with broader shifts in sociocultural and environmental concerns, as well as similar developments being researched in Responsive Architecture, 4D printing and systems designed to empower individuals during the design process through interactive, parametric model platforms. Technology is fundamentally changing the way designers create physical products, and new understandings are needed to positively guide these changes.
Hardware Realization of Antifogging System
Authors: Deshmukh Amruta Laxman , Singh Satbir , Singh Balwinder
Published: July 2017

There are many reasons for invisibility of objects on road in daylight, majority of them are Fog (condensed water droplets in atmosphere), smog (soot particles in air). This reduced visibility is one of the prime factors responsible for accident of vehicles and disadvantage in surveillance system. This chapter takes account of a method that comprises of a complete embedded system for the process of restoring the captured foggy images. Use of a novel ‘Mean Channel Prior' algorithm for defogging is presented. Further detailed step by step explanation is given for hardware implementation of MATLAB code. Hardware consists of raspberry pi which is an ARM7 Quad Core processor based mini computer model. System serves as portable, low cost and low power processing unit with provision of interfacing a camera and a display screen.
Toward a Framework and Learning Methodology for Innovative Mobile Learning
Authors: Ossiannilsson Ebba , Ioannides Nicolas
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this chapter is to identify, analyze, and present multiple learning methodologies and frameworks that are available to academics today. The chapter begins with the presentation and analysis of a range of learning methodologies, such as mobile learning, micro learning, personal learning, challenge-based learning, collaborative learning, and ubiquitous learning. In addition, the purpose of higher educational institutions and the use of emerging technologies are discussed. Based on the findings, a theoretical framework and learning methodology for innovative mobile learning are proposed to meet the challenges of enhancing and cultivating innovative mobile learning in the 21st century. Finally, suggestions are provided regarding the role of academics and how mobile technology could be incorporated into the overall learning experience.
Implementing a Measurement Framework to Assess and Evaluate Student Readiness for Online Learning and Growth
Authors: Sampson Shannon , Bradley Kelly D. , Arrowsmith Heather , Mensah Richard
Published: July 2017

This chapter was developed out of a study on the effectiveness of an online technology mini-course to prepare students for success in online classes. The work focuses on the methodology used to measure student readiness to engage with technology, and to measure growth in student technical knowledge as a result of the mini-course. The researchers applied Rasch analysis for both of these purposes, creating measurement scales from brief surveys. This chapter describes the results of the study, providing a step-by-step description of how to develop a similar scale for use in the classroom, and how to interpret results of Rasch analysis to gain valuable insight into student understanding of technology.
Classifying Images of Drought-Affected Area Using Deep Belief Network, kNN, and Random Forest Learning Techniques
Authors: Roy Sanjiban Sekhar , Kulshrestha Pulkit , Samui Pijush
Published: July 2017

Drought is a condition of land in which the ground water faces a severe shortage. This condition affects the survival of plants and animals. Drought can impact ecosystem and agricultural productivity, severely. Hence, the economy also gets affected by this situation. This paper proposes Deep Belief Network (DBN) learning technique, which is one of the state of the art machine learning algorithms. This proposed work uses DBN, for classification of drought and non-drought images. Also, k nearest neighbour (kNN) and random forest learning methods have been proposed for the classification of the same drought images. The performance of the Deep Belief Network(DBN) has been compared with k nearest neighbour (kNN) and random forest. The data set has been split into 80:20, 70:30 and 60:40 as train and test. Finally, the effectiveness of the three proposed models have been measured by various performance metrics.
Data Science
Authors: Rajagopal Sabitha
Published: July 2017

Data Science employs techniques and theories to create data products. Data product is merely a data application that acquires its value from the data itself, and creates more data as a result; it's not just an application with data. Data science involves the methodical study of digital data employing techniques of observation, development, analysis, testing and validation. It tackles the real time challenges by adopting a holistic approach. It ‘creates' knowledge about large and dynamic bases, ‘develops' methods to manage data and ‘optimizes' processes to improve its performance. The goal includes vital investigation and innovation in conjunction with functional exploration intended to notify decision-making for individuals, businesses, and governments. This paper discusses the emergence of Data Science and its subsequent developments in the fields of Data Mining and Data Warehousing. The research focuses on need, challenges, impact, ethics and progress of Data Science. Finally the insights of the subsequent phases in research and development of Data Science is provided.
Business Schools
Authors: Rundshagen Volker
Published: July 2017

This chapter offers a conceptual contribution to the debate of European business schools and their future directions within the context of higher education internationalization. On the one hand, European business schools represent a continuous success story in terms of enrolment figures and increasing visibility on international rankings. On the other hand, particularly driven by overarching competitiveness paradigms, they are on a path of conformity and obedience to external pressures, leading to dangerously homogenous institutions. Furthermore, they are losing their esteem within society and face increasing criticism in the wake of financial and social crises, as business school contributions have come under scrutiny. Four drivers of European business schools internationalization are identified: globalization, EU policy, rankings/accreditation, and student consumerism. Opportunities and risks arising from all four drivers are highlighted in this chapter, and the subsequent discussion outlines potential future pathways of a more beneficial internationalization that allows for new perspectives beyond apparent Americanization tendencies. It is argued that, despite manifold ambiguities associated with such concepts, through a strategic elaboration of a distinct European identity, business schools could better meet their responsibilities and also develop propositions that are competitive in the global marketplace as well as inspiring constituencies beyond this continent.
The Potential of Collaborative E-Portfolios for Enhancing the Creative Teaching Skills of Pre-Service Business Education Teachers
Authors: Fouda Faten Abdelmagied Elsoudy
Published: July 2017

This study aimed at examining the use of collaborative tools and activities in producing e-portfolios for creative teaching skills of pre-service business education teachers. A list of creative teaching skills was prepared. This list included three main skills: creative planning, creative implementation, and creative evaluation of teaching. To train pre-service business education teachers to produce e-portfolios for creative teaching, an instructional module was developed based on the principles of writing interactive materials. A sample of 75 pre-service business education teachers was selected to quantify the effect of e-collaboration in producing e-portfolios. The participants were assigned to three groups, two experimental groups and a control group. The first experimental group used Google Drive tools in producing their e-portfolios collaboratively. The second experimental group used Google Drive tools in producing their e-portfolios individually. The third group did not produce any portfolio. Study results indicated that collaboration had a significant effect in producing e-portfolios for creative teaching.