bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospective Comparison of Healing Rates and Therapy Costs for Conventional and Four-Layer High-Compression Bandaging Treatments of Venous Leg Ulcers
Authors: Taylor A. D. , Taylor R. J. , Marcuson R. W.
Published: January 2017

Objective:

To compare healing rates and associated treatment costs of four-layer high-compression bandaging (HCB) and conventional management (CM), as available on FP10, in the treatment of venous leg ulcers.

Design:

Randomized prospective study in which patients were allocated to one of two treatment groups.

Setting:

Hospital-based leg ulcer service and community.

Patients:

Thirty-six patients presenting with venous leg ulcers (30 compilers): 16 patients (nine female) in the HCB group and 14 patients (10 female) in the CM group.

Interventions:

A 12-week treatment period with either a four-layer HCB regime or CM.

Main outcome measures:

The significance of the difference between the number of ulcers healed, and associated treatment costs, was investigated using the Mann–Whitney U-test and survival analysis.

Results:

Four-layer HCB achieves a significantly ( p = 0.003) higher healing rate of ulcers (75% of patients versus 21%) over a 12-week period. Weekly treatment costs for the four-layer therapy was significantly less than that of CM (mean difference in cost = £6.45, 95% CI = £1.22–11.68; p = 0.042).

Conclusion:

It is more efficacious and economical for nurse specialists to treat patients presenting with leg ulcers with a four-layer HCB regime than for district nurses to carry out the standard palliative treatments available on GP prescription form FP10.
Changes in Interface Pressure under Elastic and Short-Stretch Bandages during Posture Changes and Exercise
Authors: Hirai M.
Published: January 2017

Objective:

To evaluate the pressure under short-stretch and elastic bandages.

Design:

Prospective study in 20 healthy volunteers, comparing the two different kinds of bandages.

Setting:

Department of Surgery, Aichi Prefectural College of Nursing, Nagoya, Japan.

Main outcome measures:

Pressure measurements were made beneath the bandages with different initial pressures of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 mmHg, during supine resting, standing, tip-toe exercise and walking.

Results:

Short-stretch bandages showed a significant increase in pressure during standing and exercise at lower initial pressures compared with elastic bandages. In analysing the pressure waveform during tip-toe exercise and walking, a significantly greater pressure difference between muscle contraction and relaxation was noted for short-stretch bandages compared with elastic bandages at any initial pressures.

Conclusions:

Short-stretch bandages produce a higher working pressure and a larger pressure difference during exercise. However, the effect depends on the initial pressures at the time of application. In clinical practice, prevention of a decrease in pressure with time and uniform application of bandages are important.
Should Body Mass Index Affect the Choice of Probe Frequency in the Clinical Assessment of Varicose Veins Using Hand-Held Doppler?
Authors: Kent P. J. , Weston M. J.
Published: January 2017

Objective:

The aim of this study was to determine whether an increased body mass index should influence the choice of continuous-wave Doppler probe frequency in the clinical assessment of patients with varicose veins.

Design:

Prospective assessment of the effect of raised body mass index on the accuracy of clinical assessment of venous reflux using 4 and 8 MHz Doppler probes compared with duplex scanning.

Setting:

The ultrasound department of a university teaching hospital.

Patients:

Seventy-two patients with symptomatic primary varicose veins (108 limbs), who had not undergone previous injection sclerotherapy or surgical treatment.

Main outcome measures:

Measurement of body mass index and assessment of reflux with hand-held Doppler using 4 and 8 MHz probes immediately followed by duplex scanning.

Results:

There was no significant difference between the 4 and 8 MHz Doppler probes in the accuracy of detection of reflux at the sapheno-femoral junction, in the long saphenous vein or at the sapheno-popliteal junction in the whole patient group or in the obese subgroup.

Conclusion:

Body mass index should not influence the choice of probe frequency (between 4 and 8 MHz) in the clinical assessment of patients with primary previously untreated varicose veins.
Multiple Victimisation: Its Extent and Significance
Authors: Farrell Graham
Published: January 2017

The extent and significance of multiple and repeat victimisation have gone largely unrecognised. The literature is explored with respect to demonstrating that multiple victimisation is robust across crime types and method of study. Nine different research methods suggest a similar pattern of the distribution of victimisation; a small proportion of the population experience a large proportion of all crime. In the British Crime Survey, 70% of all incidents were reported by the 14% of respondents who are multiple victims (a conservative figure). With respect to significance, victimisation should not be studied without fully accounting for multiple victimisation. Many areas of policy and practice may be affected by a recognition of the importance of multiple victimisation. For crime prevention policy, if repeat or multiple victimisation can be prevented, a large proportion of all crime might be prevented. Crime prevention strategy developed through responses to victimisation should be spatially and temporally focused.
Family Disruption, Violent Victimization and Protest Masculinity
Authors: Austin Roy L. , Arthur John
Published: January 2017

Americans show great concern over the likely harmful effects of father-absent families on children, especially when families are black. Little or no concern is shown over step-families although these are expected to be the predominant family form by the year 2000. Our study finds the emphasis on female-based black households to be misplaced when violent victimization is the harm of interest. Data for 1973, 1976, 1980 and 1984 from national samples of Americans indicate that persons reared in both father-absent and step-father families were more likely to be victims of violence (being punched or beaten) than persons reared by both natural parents. The relationship was stronger for step-father families. Also, the only significant interaction between race and family structure (family type, family composition) showed a stronger relationship between family structure and violent victimization among whites. In addition, adverse effects of family structure occurred when family disruption was due to divorce or separation but not to death of the father. The emphasis in protest masculinity theory on involvement in violence as an expression of exaggerated masculinity is inconsistent with the finding of no relationship when the father is dead and the relatively strong relationship when a step-father is present.
Economic Exchange between Battered Wives and their Husbands in Israel
Authors: Avni Noga
Published: January 2017

Based on unconstructed interviews with thirty-five Israeli battered wives taking refuge in a shelter, this study analyzes patterns of economic exchange between them and their husbands. The norms concerning breadwinning and housekeeping are similar throughout western society, and men and women are conscious of the familial role expectations that are ascribed to them. Nevertheless, it was found that in practice battering husbands do not subscribe to these social norms, for it is more often their wives who bear the burden of providing for the family, in addition to their housekeeping duties. This situation throws new light on the unique victimizer—victimized exchange system in intimate relations. It was also found that battered wives whose husbands earn a good living sustain different, yet no less severe, forms of economic-related victimization. Their husbands exact payment for their financial support in the form of absolute obedience and submissiveness. It seems that these men regard their earnings not as an obligation in the family exchange-net, but rather as a favor that entitles them to receive extra benefit in return.
Women Battering on the Navajo Reservation
Authors: Feinman Clarice
Published: January 2017

This paper focuses on the relationship between Navajo traditional cultural values and history and the problems associated with women battering on the Navajo Reservation. The author argues that public policy regarding the problem of women battering must take into consideration the history and cultural traditions of the victims, batterers, and those in a position to help them. With this understanding, it may be possible to develop more effective means of resolving the problem among discrete groups of people.
Intervention Strategies for Victims of Sexual Abuse: A Model for Building Self-Esteem,
Authors: Heide Kathleen M. , Solomon Eldra P.
Published: January 2017

This article begins by explaining the devastating effects of child sexual abuse on the self-esteem of its victims. Intervention strategies are discussed with a focus on a self-esteem model — the SEAs Program — developed by psychologist James Messina. This program uses trained psychotherapists and group members to expand each survivor's support system. Cognitive and experiential techniques are implemented in a humanistic framework to help clients recover from low self-esteem. Preliminary results from an outcome study utilizing three measures of self esteem and coping strategies (the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory, the Need for Harmony Scale and Spielberger's Anger Expression Scale) suggest that this model shows promise in helping women who are survivors of child sexual abuse to build healthy self-esteem and warrants further investigation.
Taking Woman Abuse Seriously: A Critical Response to the Solicitor General of Canada's Crime Prevention Advice
Authors: Dekeseredy Walter S. , Burshtyn Hyman , Gordon Charles
Published: January 2017

While women experience male violence and intimidation in both public and private settings, the most serious and common threats to their physical and psychological well-being are abusive acts committed by known men. However, the Solicitor General of Canada's recent crime advice to women does not address this problem. The principal objective of this paper is to show how this discourse obscures the reality of woman abuse in Canada.
Confidence in the Police as a mediating Factor in the Fear of Crime
Authors: Bennett Trevor
Published: January 2017

The paper draws attention to findings of research which show or suggest that confidence in the police might be negatively correlated with fear of crime. The paper argues that the potential mediating effect of confidence in the police on fear is an important research issue as it might suggest practicable policy options. In order to examine this relation aggregated data drawn from surveys conducted in four residential areas in England were analysed using both bivariate and multivariate methods of analysis. The research showed that while there appeared to be a negative correlation between confidence in the police and fear at the bivariate level this effect disappeared at the multivariate level when other relevant factors were taken into account. The paper concludes that the connection between public views on the quality of policing and fear of crime deserves further research in order to determine under what conditions (if any) confidence might affect fear and to learn more about the nature of public perceptions of the police as a potential source of protection against public worries and fears.
Fear of Crime: What Can Children Tell Us?
Authors: Goodey Jo
Published: January 2017

This paper attempts to re-address a number of issues raised in debates on fear of crime, and in particular women’s fear of crime, with the argument for research of a much neglected section of the population, children. It is argued that gendered socialisation practices are crucial during the adolescent years with the emergence of the individual as ‘sexual being’, so leading to differential fear of crime between the sexes. Developmental fear processes are postulated and related to existing theories on global gender constructs and the notion of fear. Evidence is elicited from adult victimisation surveys, and from current research on adolescents. Future research directions and policy implications are examined.
The Structural Determinants of Fear of Crime: An Analysis Using Census and Crime Survey Data from England and Wales
Authors: Hale Chris , Pack Pat , Salked John
Published: January 2017

The research presented in this article develops the explanation of fear of crime beyond that which concentrates upon the characteristics and attributes of individuals to consider structural or neighbourhood level determinants. After reviewing the theoretical arguments for such an approach, an empirical model which combines neighbourhood level data constructed from the 1981 British Census with individual level data from the 1984 British Crime Survey is presented. The results support the contention that neighbourhood structure is an important factor when discussing fear of crime.
Effects of the Red Bull energy drink on cognitive function and mood in healthy young volunteers
Authors: Wesnes Keith A , Brooker Helen , Watson Anthony W , Bal Wendy , Okello Edward
Published: January 2017

The present study compared the cognitive and mood effects of two commercially available products, Red Bull energy drink 250 mL and Red Bull Sugarfree energy drink 250 mL, together with a matching placebo 250 mL. Twenty-four healthy young volunteers took part in a randomised, placebo controlled, double-blind, three-way cross-over study. Cognitive function was assessed using an integrated set of nine computerised tests of attention, working and episodic memory. On each study day the volunteers received a standardised breakfast prior to completing a baseline performance on cognitive tests and mood scales, followed by the consumption of the study drink. The cognitive tests and scales were then re-administered at 30, 60 and 90 min post-dose. Red Bull was found to produce significant improvements over both the Sugarfree version and the placebo drink on two composite scores from the six working and episodic memory tests; one combining the 12 accuracy measures from the six tasks and the other the average speed of correct responses from the working memory and episodic recognition memory tasks. These improvements were in the range of a medium effect size, which reflects a substantial enhancement to memory in young volunteers.
A drug–drug conditioning paradigm reveals multiple antipsychotic–nicotine interactions
Authors: Feng Min , Sparkman Nathan L , Sui Nan , Li Ming
Published: January 2017

Clinical studies indicate a reciprocal impact between nicotine use and antipsychotic medications in patients with schizophrenia. The present study used a conditioned avoidance response (CAR) test (a behavioral test of antipsychotic effect) and examined the specific drug–drug interactions between nicotine and haloperidol or clozapine. Following acquisition of the avoidance response, rats were first tested under either vehicle, nicotine (0.2, 0.4 mg/kg, sc), haloperidol (0.025, 0.05 mg/kg, sc), clozapine (5.0, 10.0 mg/kg, sc), or a combination of nicotine and haloperidol or nicotine and clozapine for seven consecutive days. Afterward, they were challenged with nicotine (0.2 mg/kg), haloperidol (0.025 mg/kg), or clozapine (5.0 mg/kg) in the CAR to assess if haloperidol or clozapine affected the behavioral effect of nicotine on avoidance response and if nicotine altered the avoidance suppressive effect of haloperidol and clozapine. During the seven avoidance drug test days, nicotine did not alter the avoidance suppressive effect of haloperidol or clozapine. However, in the challenge test, prior nicotine treatment (0.2 mg/kg) attenuated haloperidol’s (0.05 mg/kg) sensitized effect on avoidance response. On the other hand, prior haloperidol treatment increased nicotine’s (0.2 mg/kg) avoidance disruptive effect, and even engendered nicotine 0.4 mg/kg to exhibit an “acquired” avoidance suppressive effect. The combined nicotine and clozapine treatment did not produce any detectable interactive effects on avoidance response and motor activity. These findings suggest that nicotine is capable of altering the long-term antipsychotic efficacy of haloperidol, while haloperidol can alter the behavioral effects of nicotine. Clozapine and nicotine are less likely to influence each other.
The Search for Circadian Clock and Sleep Genes
Authors: Kolker D.E. , Turek F.W.
Published: January 2017

In recent years, there has been extraordinary progress in elucidating the molecular components of the mammalian circadian clock system. The discovery of circadian clock genes in lower organisms (such as fruit flies and fungi), which show many similarities with clock genes in mammals, together with advances in mouse molecular genetics have led to major new discoveries on the molecular and genetic basis of mammalian circadian rhythms. This article reviews both of these lines of research from an historical perspective and discusses how these lines have merged to provide unique insights into the molecular mechanisms of circadian function. The review also speculates on how the discovery of circadian clock genes may lead directly or indirectly to the discovery of mammalian sleep genes. The determination of the molecular mechanisms via which circadian clock genes (and their protein products) regulate the timing and the need for sleep, and the identification of new genes involved in sleep regulation, may produce new information on the genetic and molecular control of sleep which could ultimately lead to the development of new treatments for sleep disorders.
Evaluation of Severe Insomnia In The General Population: Results of a European Multinational Survey
Authors: Chevalier H. , Los F. , Boichut D. , Bianchi M. , Nutt D. J. , Hajak G. , Hetta J. , Hoffmann G. , Crowe C.
Published: January 2017

The epidemiology of severe insomnia and its effect on quality of life and healthcare consumption was assessed in a survey of the general population of five northern European countries. Applying established consumer sampling techniques, insomnia sufferers were selected from the general population using a questionnaire, conducted by face-to-face interview, and severity of insomnia was ranked (severe, mild/moderate, no sleep complaint) using a specific algorithm. Population samples were matched according to case control methodology for age, gender and geographical region. A second questionnaire gathered information on sleep problems, quality of life (SF-36 scores) and healthcare consumption. The prevalence of severe insomnia ranged from 4% to 22%, was higher in females than in males, but did not increase significantly with age. Patients with severe insomnia had been experiencing sleeping problems for a median of 2–6 years. In all countries, insomnia had a negative impact on quality of life, and the degree of impairment in quality of life was directly related to the severity of insomnia. Individuals with severe insomnia also showed a higher level of healthcare consumption. Despite this, severe insomnia did not appear to feature prominently in the doctor-patient relationship.
The Addition of Oxprenolol to Hypertensive Patients Treated with Methyldopa – A General Practice Study
Authors: Murphy J E , Standen Susan M , Forrest W A
Published: January 2017

In eighty-seven hypertensive patients in general practice, treated with either methyldopa or the combination of methyldopa and a diuretic, oxprenolol 80 mg was added to the regime with subsequent reduction in methyldopa dosage. In the two groups of patients studied, those whose blood pressure was ‘well controlled’ and another group with a higher blood pressure, the control of blood pressure levels was improved and the incidence of reported tiredness decreased.
A Double-Blind Comparison of Three Times Daily and Single Night Dosage of the Tricyclic Anti-Depressant Dothiepin
Authors: Pearce J B , Rees W Linford
Published: January 2017

The study here presented was designed to evaluate the advantages of a once a day dosage of tricyclic anti-depressants as against a thrice daily dosage regimen using dothiepin (Prothiaden) and matching placebo capsules in a group comparative double-blind trial design. A total of sixty-two patients were admitted to the trial and were randomly allocated to one or other of the dosage regimes. Patients were assessed weekly for five weeks. More favourable results were achieved with patients taking the single dose nocturnally which was well tolerated in addition to being effective in relieving symptoms of depression. A number of possible advantages of this method of administration are discussed.
Clinical Trials Procedures: A Summary of Requirements in Thirty-Three Countries
Authors: Marsh B T
Published: January 2017

The requirements and documentation needed before undertaking clinical trials in thirty-three countries excluding the UK and USA were determined by a questionnaire. There was no clear pattern between countries on the same continent, sharing the same language or in the same economic community. Greater standardization of these requirements is necessary to ensure that worthwhile new drugs reach the patient at the earliest opportunity consistent with careful and adequate investigation.
A Double-Blind Comparative Study with Dolo-Neurobion® and its Separate Constituents in the Treatment of Polyneuritis
Authors: Reyes-Armijo E
Published: January 2017

A double-blind study was carried out with Dolo-Neurobion® and matching tablets containing:

the vitamin B combination, and the metamizol component of the preparation.

Forty-five patients suffering from polyneuritis were each treated with eight tablets a day for fourteen days.

All fifteen patients who received Dolo-Neurobion were free from pain after treatment but this result was not observed in the patients treated with the vitamin combination alone nor with the metamizol component of the preparation.

Dolo-Neurobion also proved more successful after the first half of the treatment (one week), the degree of pain being reduced more significantly than with the other two forms of medication.
Sites of Action of a New Muscle Relaxant (Baclofen, Lioresal®, Ciba 34 647–Ba)
Authors: Fehr H U , Bein H J
Published: January 2017

Baclofen exerts a pronounced muscle-relaxant effect in non-anaesthetized animals. It reduces experimental rigidity in surgically and in anaemically decerebrated cats. It decreases monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflex transmission, as well as post-tetanic potentiation of the monosynaptic mass reflex in about the same dosage range. It reduces the activity of γ-moioneurones. It has no effect on neuromuscular transmission or on the sensory input from de-efferented muscle spindles and from slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors.

The compound affords protection against convulsions induced by thiosemicarbazide and pentetrazole but not against those due to electric shock strychnine or picrotoxin.
A Double-Blind Trial of Bradilan (Tetranicotinoylfructose) in Perniosis in General Practice
Authors: Donnan F de S
Published: January 2017

An initial double-blind cross-over study and a subsequent double-blind comparative study against placebo tablets has shown Bradilan (tetranicotinoylfructose) to be an effective treatment of chilblains. The difference between the active and placebo group was highly significant statistically with p < ·001
A Comparative Clinical Trial of Benorylate and Indomethacin in the Treatment of Active Rheumatoid Arthritis in General Practice
Authors: Malcolm Alastair
Published: January 2017

Benorylate was compared with indomethacin in a double-blind cross-over trial in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Twelve patients completed treatment. All measurements showed a trend towards benorylate giving greater improvement, although the differences were not statistically significant. Nine patients out of the twelve preferred benorylate.
A Comparison of Metosyn and Betnovate in the Treatment of Eczema and Psoriasis
Authors: Cunliffe W J , Nicholls J T
Published: January 2017

A double-blind, paired-lesion comparison of fluocinonide 0·05% in a fatty alcohol propylene glycol base and betamethasone- 17-valerate 0·1% cream in the treatment of patients with eczema or psoriasis, is described. The fluocinonide preparation, ‘Metosyn’, was significantly superior to betamethasone- 17-valerate in the treatment of patients with eczema. Both topical steroids were equally effective in the treatment of psoriasis. The advantage of fluocinonide over betamethasone- 17-valerate was seen mainly in those patients who had been treated with betamethasone- 17-valerate preparations before the start of the investigation. Tolerance was equally good with both preparations.
A Double-Blind Evaluation of an Aspirin-Containing Gum Tablet for Relief of the Pain of Common Sore Throat
Authors: Bernstein Joel E , Nelson F Kirk
Published: January 2017

Twenty subjects with painful sore throat and evidence of pharyngitis on physical examination were treated with aspirin in a gum vehicle and identical-appearing and flavoured placebo tablets in a double-blind cross-over design study. Subjects were divided into two equal groups and then followed two protocols that differed only in the time required between the two chewings of study medication. Results were similar for the two groups. For both groups significant differences in favour of the aspirin chewing gum were demonstrated for the time required for relief of sore throat pain and the amount of relief afforded by the study medication. Additionally, a highly significant number of the subjects expressed a preference for the relief provided by the aspirin-containing tablet as compared to placebo (eighteen out of twenty expressed preference for the aspirin-containing gum). These results have demonstrated that the aspirin-containing gum tablet is effective and fast-acting therapy for the temporary relief of occasional sore throat.
Oxprenolol in Hypertension: A Report on 187 Patients in General Practice Originally Treated with Clonidine
Authors: Forrest W A
Published: January 2017

Substitution, in part or totally, of the β- receptor antagonist, oxprenolol, for clonidine in 187 hypertensive patients resulted in significant reduction in blood pressure levels, particularly of systolic pressure.

The incidence of unwanted side-effects was markedly reduced, with an accompanying improvement in the quality of the patient's life.
Maprotiline (Ludiomil) and Imipramine in Depressed In-Patients: A Controlled Study
Authors: Rieger W , Rickels K , Norstad N , Johnson J
Published: January 2017

In this double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial of maprotiline ( Ludiomil) against imipramine involving twenty-five newly admitted hospitalized patients, a strong tendency in favour of maprotiline over imipramine emerged. Improvement occurred faster and also at treatment end-point the trend in favour of maprotiline was still to be seen. The slight superiority in clinical efficacy of maprotiline over imipramine was present in both physician and patient measures. Incidences of side-effects were slightly lower for maprotiline than for imipramine.
Antihypertensive Effect and Tolerability of Metoprolol during Long-Term Treatment: A Multicentre Study
Authors: Rosengard S
Published: January 2017

One hundred and forty-seven patients with essential hypertension participated in this multicentre study. The results indicate that metoprolol in a dosage of 150-450 mg daily is an effective and well tolerated therapy both in patients previously untreated and in patients unsatisfactorily treated with other antihypertensive agents.
Topical Treatment of Eczema with Triamcinolone Acetonide Benzoyl-β-Amino-Isobutyrate: A Double-Blind Comparison with Betamethasone Dipropionate
Authors: Roessei F E
Published: January 2017

The results are reported of a double-blind study of the topical efficacy of triamcinolone acetonide benzoyl-β-amino-isobutyrate (TBI), in 21 patients with symmetrically paired lesions of acute eczema. The effects were compared with those of betamethasone dipropionate.

On the indication chosen, the two corticosteroids were equally efficacious; tolerance, also, was the same for both substances.
An Experimentally Controlled Evaluation of the Effect of Inositol Nicotinate upon the Digital Blood Flow in Patients with Raynaud's Phenomenon
Authors: Holti G
Published: January 2017

The vaso-active effects of inositol nicotinate (Hexopal®) were investigated in thirty patients with primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon using several non-invasive experimental techniques under controlled conditions. The earlier formed impression that this drug requires a prolonged ‘build-up’ period was confirmed. Recording the time required to induce Raynaud's phenomenon as well as assessments of total and nutrient digital blood flow showed significant beneficial therapeutic effects upon the skin's microcirculation by inositol nicotinate.

This study suggests that the therapeutic effect of this drug is not merely due to vasodilation but that other mechanisms such as enhanced fibrinolysis and lowering of serum lipids may play a significant part in its overall effect.

Smokers responded slower than non-smokers, but even elderly patients with longstanding vasospastic disease showed measurably improved digital circulation. Unlike some other drugs in this field inositol nicotinate was found to be effective orally and to be devoid of unwanted side-effects. However, in the majority of patients it failed to abolish their increased vascular spasm although it diminished it significantly in most. It appears to be a safe and well tolerated drug, which, together with other symptomatic measures, merits to be used in the management of vasospastic disease of the extremities even in the presence of partial obliteration of the microcirculation.
The Incidence of Dipyrone-Induced Agranulocytosis in Greece during 1975
Authors: Varonos D D , Santamouris S , Karambali S
Published: January 2017

A retrospective epidemiological study was conducted in Greece during 1975 to assess the incidence of agranulocytosis following treatment with dipyrone. Twenty-four cases of agranulocytosis were reported, of which fifteen were possibly associated with medication. If all fifteen cases are attributed to dipyrone, the incidence of agranulocytosis following treatment with this drug lies between one case in every 133,000 and one case in every 466,000 treatments.
The Treatment of Atrophic Vaginal Conditions with Ortho-Gynest: A Pilot Study
Authors: Karoussos K E , Studer S , Wyss H J
Published: January 2017

A clinical study was undertaken, in twenty-four patients with atrophic vaginal changes, to assess the efficacy and the acceptability of treatment with Ortho-Gynest vaginal suppositories, which have as their active constituent the naturally occurring substance oestriol.

A regenerative effect on the vaginal epithelium could be objectively demonstrated by an increase in the proportion of superficial cells following treatment. Changes in the vaginal epithelium were accompanied by a diminution in the incidence of infection and inflammation.

Subjective complaints such as dyspareunia, pruritis and kraurosis vulvae, which could also be ascribed to a relative oestrogen deficiency, responded well to treatment.
The Effect of a Single Dose of Quazepam (Sch-16134) on the Sleep of Chronic Insomniacs
Authors: Roth Thomas , Tietz Elizabeth I , Kramer Milton , Kaffeman Mark
Published: January 2017

The present study evaluated the efficacy of 25 mg of quazepam, a new benzodiazepine hypnotic, in a population of chronic insomniacs. The results indicate that a single dose (25 mg) administered for one night was efficacious when measured both objectively by polysomnographic recording and subjectively by questionnaire with no reported side-effects. The change in the objective measures paralleled the direction of change in subjective measures. Sleep efficiency and sleep maintenance were improved without EEG changes in Stages 2, 3-4, and REM. Further study is needed to evaluate the effects of chronic administration of different doses of quazepam in chronic insomniacs.
Prophylactic Disopyramide: Its Clinical Effects Related to Plasma Concentration in Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Hillson Rowan Mary , Boyd E , Cunningham J
Published: January 2017

Sixty-three patients, fifty-two with acute myocardial infarction and eleven with ischaemic heart disease or non-cardiac chest pain, were given either disopyramide phosphate or placebo, orally, in a randomized double-blind study. Thirty-two patients on disopyramide (twenty-six with acute myocardial infarction) received an initial dose of 300 mg followed by 150 mg six-hourly for 3 days.

There was a reduction in the number of patients with cardiac dysrhythmias on the first 3 days following infarction in subjects taking disopyramide as compared with controls. This reduction was not statistically significant. There was a significant reduction in the mean ectopic count per hour in patients taking disopyramide compared with those taking placebo on the second day only (p < 0.005). Urinary retention, dry mouth and jaundice were recorded more frequently in the test group.

There were wide ranges of pre-dose plasma concentrations on all 3 days. (Day 1: 1.3 to 7.7 μg per ml. Day 2: 2.5 to 8.9 μg/ml and Day 3: 2.5 to 11.5 μg per ml). The mean plasma concentration of disopyramide was higher but not significantly so, in the treatment group without evidence of dysrhythmias than those with dysrhythmias (3.8 ± S.D. 1.5 μg/ml and 3.0 ± 0.8 μg/ml respectively). The mean plasma level in patients who required anti-emetic therapy was significantly lower than those who did not (2.8 ± 0.8 μg/ml and 3.8 ± 1.9 μg/ml respectively, p < 0.025).

The wide range of plasma levels observed is probably due in part to irregular absorption with vomiting after myocardial infarction. If disopyramide is to be used prophylactically following myocardial infarction, a therapeutic plasma level will be achieved quickly in all cases only by giving an intravenous starting dose.
Study of Migraine and the Treatment of Acute Attacks in Industry
Authors: Jones Alan , Harrop Christine
Published: January 2017

A simple study of migraine was undertaken in an industrial setting to identify facts about the condition of migraine which had previously been unrecorded in industry.

The study was based on a definition of migraine encompassing headache accompanied by visual or gastro-intestinal disturbances.

During the period from April 1979 to December 1979 there were 111 separate incidents reported to this department, with 281 working days lost in this period, which would give an average annual loss of 420 working days through migraine.

Approximately 6% of the workforce were seen to be affected by migraine.

Using a simple treatment it was possible to return the majority of the workforce to the place of work within 1 hour, with no subsequent problem caused to their health, either through migraine or accident.
Intravenous Indoprofen for Prompt Relief of Acute Gout: A Regimen-Finding Study
Authors: Marcolongo R , Lucchese M , Caruso I , Fumagalli M , Bruni G , Sacchetti G
Published: January 2017

The results of an open exploratory trial with different regimens of indoprofen in patients with acute gouty arthritis are described. Two main daily regimens were assessed: (a) indoprofen 200 mg as an intravenous bolus, followed by slow infusion of 100 mg/hour for about 4 hours (24 attacks treated in twenty-three patients); and (b) indoprofen 400 mg as an intravenous bolus (13 attacks treated in twelve patients). In both regimens intravenous indoprofen was supplemented with 400–600 mg daily of indoprofen by mouth. The patient's response, as judged by pain, tenderness, local heat, redness, range of motion and joint circumference, was dramatic in both series, with no significant difference between them at any time of observation. Substantial improvement was apparent for subjective variables already within 2 hours after the beginning of treatment, and a complete resolution was obtained in 35 of 37 attacks within 48 hours. A mild adverse reaction was recorded in one patient for each group (dizziness and gastric pain, respectively). Intravenous indoprofen appears to afford an extremely rapid relief of acute gout; of the two regimens assessed, the second should be preferred in that it seems to be at least equally effective but less troublesome for the patients.
Fenbufen, a New Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agent in Rheumatoid Arthritis, its Efficacy and Toxicity
Authors: Becker Alfred , Hoffmeister Rex T
Published: January 2017

Fenbufen, a new butanoic acid derivative with anti-inflammatory properties, was evaluated in an open-label study. It was found that fenbufen was an effective anti-inflammatory agent with tolerable and acceptable potential side-effects. Its advantages appeared to be its long clinical half-life and relatively mild toxicity and/or allergic response.
Long-Term Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis with Disalcid®
Authors: Fazarinc Prim dr Franc , Steen Stephen N
Published: January 2017

Disalcid®, a salicylic acid pro-drug, was administered for 3 months to eighteen rheumatoid arthritis patients, with monitoring of clinical response, side-effects and laboratory changes. The drug produced a satisfactory to excellent response in fourteen patients and was unsatisfactory in four.

Gastric side-effects occurred in three patients and allergic reaction in one. Serum salicylic acid concentrations were adequately maintained between 15 to 25 mg/100 ml.

Funduscopic monitoring revealed one retinal defect in a patient with hypertension. Laboratory examinations, blood chemistry and urine analyses remained within normal limits during the 12-week trial.
A Comparison of Biperiden Hydrochloride (Akineton) and Benzhexol (Artane) in the Treatment of Drug-Induced Parkinsonism
Authors: Magnus R V
Published: January 2017

A single-blind study compared the clinical efficacy of biperiden hydrochloride (Akineton®, Abbott) and benzhexol (Artane®, Lederle) in the treatment of neuroleptic-induced Parkinsonism. Both drugs were highly effective and all patients responded favourably to medication. No significant difference was observed between the two treatment groups when individual symptoms were examined.
Controlled Trial with Trithiozine in Duodenal Ulcer
Authors: Elakovic̀ M , Petrovic̀ Z̄ , Ŝoŝic̀ M , Lukaĉevic̀ S , Kuŝic̀ N , Ivanovic̀ O , Elakovic̀ Mihajlo
Published: January 2017

Fifty patients were treated double-blind for 4 weeks: thirty with trithiozine (1200 mg/day) and twenty with placebo. The endoscopic examination at the end of the treatment confirmed the therapeutic effectiveness of the drug, which proved to be significantly more active than the placebo and led to healing of the ulcer in 70% of cases versus 30% in those treated with placebo (p < 0.02). Trithiozine proved to be significantly more effective than placebo in reducing the pain symptoms as well (p < 0.005). In no case did the drug lead to any side-effects.
Local Therapy of Atrophic Vaginal Conditions with Oestriol Suppositories
Authors: Michalas S , Papandrikos A , Koutselini E , Tzingounis V
Published: January 2017

Twenty post-menopausal women were treated using oestriol vaginal suppositories (Ortho-Gynest®*).

Subjective disturbances such as dyspareunia, pruritis, and kraurosis vulvae showed a good response to the therapy, while the anaplastic activity of the vaginal epithelium to the suppositories was shown by an increase in the vaginal superficial cells which followed the course of treatment. Side-effects were minimal and disappeared following cessation of treatment.
The Efficacy of Triazolam and Chloral Hydrate in Geriatric Insomniacs
Authors: Piccione P , Zorick F , Lutz T , Grissom T , Kramer M , Roth T
Published: January 2017

A double-blind crossover study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of hypnotics in geriatric insomniacs. Twenty-seven patients with a mean age of 70 years (range 60–94 years) received each of five treatments on 5 consecutive nights. The treatment conditions, consisting of chloral hydrate 250 and 500 mg, triazolam 0.25 and 0.50 mg, and placebo, were administered using a Latin Square design. Subjective estimates of sleep were collected in the morning following each treatment night. The patients' global evaluation of effectiveness indicated that triazolam 0.25 mg and 0.50 mg improved sleep more than placebo, while chloral hydrate 250 and 500 mg were not better than placebo. Triazolam 0.50 mg was felt to be significantly better than either dose of chloral hydrate. In addition, triazolam 0.50 mg was found to significantly decrease the patients' estimates of their sleep latency. Patients estimated their total sleep time to be longer following the use of triazolam 0.25 mg as compared to choral hydrate 500 mg, and their estimates of the number of awakenings was significantly lower on triazolam 0.50 mg than it was on chloral hydrate 500 mg or placebo.
A Clinical Study of Quazepam in Hospitalized Patients with Insomnia
Authors: Uhthoff Hans K , Brunet Jacques A , Aggerwal Anand , Varin Raymond
Published: January 2017

The efficacy of quazepam (Sch-16134) 15 mg capsules as a hypnotic has been compared with that of placebo in a 9-day study, using a parallel-group design. The physician's global evaluation numerically favoured quazepam 63% (nineteen of thirty) over placebo 50% (fifteen of thirty). Furthermore, it demonstrated greater improvement in Hypnotic Activity Index and Sleep Quality Index from baseline scores, and caused no adverse reactions.
Assessment of Pharmacodynamics of a New “Controlled-Release” Form of Diazepam (Valium® CR Roche) by Quantitative EEG and Psychometric Analysis in Neurotic Subjects
Authors: Saletu B , Grünberger J , Amrein R , Skreta M
Published: January 2017

In a double-blind, double dummy, placebo-controlled study, the encephalotropic, psychotropic and pharmacodynamic properties of a new controlled-release form of diazepam (Valium CR) and the standard 5 mg tablets were compared by means of quantitative EEG and psychometric analysis methods.

Ten patients exhibiting emotional and vegetative lability, nervousness and phobias, with an elevated neuroticism score (Eysenck), were recruited for the study.

They were treated according to a crossover design with placebo, 15 mg diazepam CR and 3×5 mg diazepam with a 3-day wash-out interval between each administration period.

They all received one tablet t.i.d. (8 a.m., 2 p.m. and 8 p.m.) and one capsule in the evening (8 p.m.).

The main difference between the two forms of diazepam can be illustrated by the fact that in the morning, i.e. 8 hours after the evening medication, the increase in the anxiolytic drug effect on the CNS was consistently greater, to a statistically significant degree, during the Valium CR schedule than during the 5 mg tablet schedule. This was the case even after chronic administration of the drug over 5 days.

The two forms of diazepam also differed with regard to their acute effects on attention, CFF and CNS activation. Attention deteriorated significantly less after the administration of the controlled-release forms than after 3 × 5 mg diazepam (3 hours after the morning medication). CFF was significantly more augmented in the morning after 5 mg diazepam than after 15 mg diazepam CR. There were no significant psychotropic inter-drug differences after chronic administration.

The absence of clinically relevant changes in pulse rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and side-effects indicates extremely good tolerance of both forms of diazepam by neurotic patients.
How Capable of Driving are Hospitalized Psychiatric Patients under Psycho-Active Drug Therapy?
Authors: Hobi V , Kielholz P , Gilsdorf U
Published: January 2017

In an open investigation design two patient groups, under neuroleptics (n = 30) and under antidepressants (n = 31), were examined three times, the third time under steady-state conditions. A matched control group (n = 32) provided the normative values. Various variables, thought to be psychologically relevant in traffic situations, were measured on two test apparatus (tracking and complex reaction time).

The result shows that the antidepressant group closely approaches the achievement of the control group on the most important variables measured. It may be concluded that psychopharmacologically well balanced depressive patients at the time of the steady-state are capable of producing results comparable to a control group with respect to traffic-relevant cognitive-psychomotor functions. The neuroleptic group, however, exhibits deviations on the same variables. In this sub-sample the primary disturbances of the underlying morbus (maintaining attention, continuous focusing ability) become conspicuous. From the medical point of view, the call for an individual clinical judgement of driving capacity by the treating physician continues to remain necessary, although the results produced offer some general decision aids.
Efficacy and Tolerance of Betamethasone Dipropionate Propylene Glycol for Resistant Psoriasis and other Resistant Steroid-Responsive Dermatoses
Authors: Aldana Guillermo Gutierrez
Published: January 2017

Betamethasone dipropionate, 0 05%, in a propylene glycol ointment vehicle (Diprolene Ointment(R)) was administered to forty-seven patients with resistant psoriasis or other resistant steroid-responsive dermatoses in a 2-week open study.

The efficacy and tolerance of this new topical corticosteroid preparation were evaluated. Response was rapid, as illustrated by the sharp decrease in the severity of signs and symptoms. All patients improved. Lesions cleared in 25.5% of cases (twelve patients), showed marked improvement in 66% (thirty-one patients) and showed moderate improvement in 8.5% (four patients). Six patients developed folliculitis which did not necessitate discontinuation of Diprolene therapy. No changes in adrenal function were detected.
Comparative Merits of Two Topical Corticosteroid-Antimicrobial Drugs
Authors: Barba-Rubio J , Calle-Vélez G , Dommguez-Soto L , Londoño F
Published: January 2017

The anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of two topical creams, one containing halcinonide, neomycin and nystatin (HNN), and the other betamethasone valerate, gentamicin, iodochlorhydroxyquin and tolnaftate (BGI), were compared in a randomized, parallel study of 154 patients (eighty-seven secondarily infected ecematous dermatoses; sixty-seven cutaneous candidiasis). Repeated clinical assessments showed that the two creams produced equivalent therapeutic responses both in patients with infected eczematous lesions and candidiasis. HNN and BGI creams eradicated the bacterial pathogens isolated prior to treatment in 80% and 76%, respectively, of the patients with eczematous dermatoses. The organism most frequently isolated in these patients was S. aureus. Local irritation prompting discontinuance of therapy occurred in just one patient receiving HNN, and two patients receiving BGI.
The Bioavailability of Erythromycin Stearate versus Enteric-Coated Erythromycin Base When Taken Immediately before and after Food
Authors: Clayton D , Leslie A
Published: January 2017

Erythromycin plasma concentrations were determined in twenty subjects after a single dose, immediately before food, of erythromycin, 500 mg, as: erythromycin stearate (Erythrocin®, 500 mg, ovaloid tablets), and erythromycin base (Eryc®, 250 mg, capsules containing enteric-coated pellets). Plasma concentrations were again determined in eighteen of the original subjects with the same dose given immediately after food. Maximum Plasma Concentrations (mcg/ml) Erythromycin stearate was more bioavailable than erythromycin base when administered immediately before food. The preparations were bioequivalent when given immediately after food. Erythromycin stearate was more bioavailable than erythromycin base when administered immediately before food. The preparations were bioequivalent when given immediately after food.