bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review of entamoebahistolytica genome, virulence factors, phylogenetic tree and treatment
Authors: Alshaibani Hind AbdulzahraAbdulkadhim
Published: March 2024

The study in this review aims to know and study the parasite Entamoebahistolytica that causes Amoebiasis worldwide. During its life cycle, E. histolytica passes through several phases, trophozoite stage, precyst stage, the cyst stage, the Metacyst stage, and Metacystictrophozoite stage. In this study, the spread of the parasite globally and in the Arab world and methods of treating the disease were also discussed. The Genomic structureof E. histolytica, like other organisms, is characterized by diversity and heterogeneity in its genetic content, which is one of the most important reasons for its survival and its ability to infect. Interestingly, the genome of the E. histolytica contains a large amount of genes presumed to be of bacterial origin. The study of the genetic diversity of E. histolytica gives paths to the developmental change that resulted in the emergence of evolutionary features or traits. Understanding amoebic virulence is important. Several studies have shown that genetic factors influence the virulence of parasitic infections. Studying the virulence of E. histolytica by Serine-rich protein (REHP) gene is among the important issues used in molecular epidemiological studies.
The Foreign Policy of the President of Lithuania towards Poland in the context of
security in 2019–2023
Authors: Malużinas Martinas
Published: March 2024

Objectives

The aim of this article is to analyse the Lithuanian foreign policy pursued by the President of
the Republic of Lithuania, Gitanas Nausda, towards Poland in the years 2019–2023 and to
attempt to assess the main directions of its activities in this aspect.

Methods

The use of scientific publications, expert reports, official statements, public speeches and previously published interviews in the Lithuanian or foreign press.

Results

l. Firstly, the actions of President Nausėda and Duda resulted in the mobilization of other countries to act on behalf of Ukraine and the development of a common position on further actions against the Kremlin in the form of sanctions;
2. Secondly, thanks to the diplomatic means of Nausėda, Lithuania. Poland gradually freed itself from the Russian energy dictatorship, contributing to the political independence of the region;
3. Thirdly, thanks to the same diplomatic measures of Nausėda and Duda, during the NATO summit in Vilnius in 2023, an agreement was reached on the new regional defence plans of the Alliance, fully meeting the expectations of the Baltic states and Poland.

Conclusions

The four years of Nausėda's presidency were full of challenges, including:
extraordinary circumstances related to the migration crisis as a hybrid attack by the
Belarusian regime in 2021, Russian military aggression against Ukraine in 2022 or the energy price crisis in 2021–2022 and the stationing of the Wagner group in Belarus, which prompted Nausėda to look for new directions in Lithuanian foreign policy - which explains the search for a new path with the countries of the region, especially Poland.
Antiproliferative and Apoptosis-Inducing Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Morus Alba Leaves on Human Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia K-562 Cell Lines
Authors: Abdul Aziz Muhammad Yusran
Published: March 2024

The rate of occurrence and prevalence of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) are increasing globally, despite it being a rare type of cancer. Morus alba also known as mulberry, has been used in Chinese traditional medicine for a long time to treat various conditions and diseases like hypertension and arthritis. Modern scientific studies have also recognized its medicinal properties, including antioxidant, antidiuretic, antidiabetic, antimicrobial and anticancer. However, its antiproliferative effects on specifically human CML K-562 cell lines remain poorly elucidated. This study aims to determine the antiproliferative effects of M. alba on K-562 cells. In vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Acridine orange and propidium iodide (AO/PI) dual staining were then employed to assess the method of cell death. The ethanolic extract of M. alba leaves exhibited significant antiproliferative activity, with the lowest maximal half inhibitory concentration (IC50) value observed at 72 hours being 23 µg/mL. Notably, AO/PI staining revealed significant morphological changes, such as membrane blebbing, nuclear fragmentation, and indicator of early apoptosis, and late apoptosis. These results demonstrated that ethanolic extract of M. alba leaves induces apoptotic cell death in K-562 cells. Overall, these findings suggested that ethanolic extract of M. alba leaves exerts potent antiproliferative effects on human CML K-562 cells a in time- and dose-dependent manner.
Refractory Hypotension in Young Hypertension: A Case Report
Authors: Hehsan Muhamad Rafiqi
Published: March 2024

With changes in lifestyle habits and reduced diagnostic thresholds for hypertension, the prevalence of hypertension among young individuals is expected to rise. We become aware of the adverse effects of pharmacological interventions related to anaesthesia. We present a case in which refractory hypotension emerged after the induction of anaesthesia for orthopaedic surgery. The procedure went smoothly, and there were no issues with the extubation in the intensive care unit. The patient required significantly more pharmacological support over an extended period of the procedure after developing refractory hypotension following an induction phase of anaesthesia that was resistant to fluid resuscitation. We present the case while addressing the current management and potential future management for a foreseeable future strategy.
The Different Molecular Targets and Its Significant Role in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review
Authors: Dr. P Perumal  , Manimekalai Pichaivel
Published: March 2024

Alzheimer's disease is a severe neurodegenerative brain illness that affects the majority of the older population. Alzheimer's disease has become a substantial public health problem due to increased life expectancy in the general population and a better understanding of the disease's socioeconomic effects. This review explores the cholinergic theory, amyloid plaque formation, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation pathway, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, genetic aetiology, infectious pathways, and environmental factors in Alzheimer's disease. Physical and neurological tests, which include intelligence, muscle tone and strength, vision and hearing, and communication, are used to diagnose Alzheimer's disease. In order to make an early diagnosis, brain imaging techniques such as MRI and CT are used. Inflammatory biomarkers like IL-1, IL-6, TNF- α, and TGF- β are all computed in blood testing. The activity of acetylcholinesterase and the concentration of neurotransmitter acetylcholine are measured using a biochemical probe. There is no definite cure, although symptomatic treatment includes cholinesterase inhibitors such as Tacrine, Donepezil, and Rivastigmine, as well as NMDA antagonists such as Memantine are available. For better efficacy, combination therapy such as cholinesterase inhibitors with antioxidants and a combination of hybrid inhibitors has become preferred. Current research focuses on establishing various causes of disease and generating more effective, target-oriented pharmaceutical treatments.
6-Parts Haematology Parameters Evaluation Using Abbott Alinity H
Authors: Zulkafli Zefarina , Noor Haslina  , Mohamed Yusoff Shafini
Published: March 2024

Nowadays, there are variety of automated hematology analyzers available in the market. However, the new product of diagnostic equipment should be evaluated and validated to ensure their capability.  Thorough process of testing on all new hematology analyzers must be performed to certify that reliable result will be released and for patient safety. This study was carried out to evaluate automated hematology analyzers; Abbott Alinity H, in the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia setting.  Blood samples send for complete blood count were selected randomly (n = 50) from healthy subjects and those who have different blood disorders. Blood specimens and quality control materials were analysed on the Abbott Alinity H to evaluate the precision. For correlation, the Sysmex XN-1000 was used as the comparative method. The study showed very good correlation between Abbott Alinity H and Sysmex, XN-1000 in the parameters such as white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), mean cell volume (MCV), platelet (PLT), neutrophil (NEU), lymphocyte (LYM), monocyte (MONO), eosinophil (EOS), and basophil (BASO). For the precision, all the parameters are performed well within allowable limits of performance for Abbott Alinity H. In conclusion, the Abbott Alinity H demonstrated an acceptable performance in term of precision and the analyzer was equivalent with the Sysmex XN-1000.
Trivial Complaint in an Eisenmenger Syndrome Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Abu Bakar Mimi Azliha , Yaacob Normalinda , Baharuddin Kamarul Aryffin , Mohd Ghouse Ahmad Ghaus , Wan Ahmed Wan Aireene
Published: March 2024

Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a life-threatening cardiorespiratory condition. Shortness of breath and cyanosis in an active daily living patient with Eisenmenger Syndrome (ES) obscuring the early diagnosis of acute PE. We reported a case of a 41-year-old lady with underlying Eisenmenger syndrome presented to Emergency Department with sudden onset of palpitation. Otherwise, she did not complain of any worsening shortness of breath or reduced effort tolerance. Compensation of the heart causing normalization of the blood pressure in ES may mask the features of massive PE and make it more challenging in managing this kind of patient. However, with the complaint of acute onset palpitation trigger the managing team to think about PE. Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA) had done, and there were significant blood clots in the right main pulmonary artery. Luckily, she survived after thrombolytic therapy, warded a few days, and discharge well with a life-long oral anticoagulant.
A Study of Hippocampal T2 Relaxometry Value in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patient
Authors: Basri Niemah
Published: March 2024

In the advancement of the current imaging technique for detection of mesial temporal sclerosis in temporal lobe epilepsy patient, there are multiple Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) quantitative techniques. One of the long known to be valuable quantitative technique is T2 relaxometry where it has overall better accuracy for detection of mesial temporal sclerosis compared with the qualitative assessment only. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia from August 2021 to January 2023 which include 51 participants, 19 (36.5%) were temporal lobe epilepsy patient and 33 (63.5%) were control. The hippocampal T2 relaxometry was calculated for temporal lobe epilepsy patient and control. The mean T2 relaxometry reading for these groups were compared using Independent T-test.  The correlation of T2 relaxometry value  with age, duration of epilepsy and seizure frequency were analysed using Pearson correlation. Cohen Kappa inter-rater reliability was done for MR qualitative assessment. The participant age range was from 15 to 65 years old. Total of 23 samples were male (44.2%). The mean T2 relaxometry for epilepsy patient was higher than control. For correlation, moderate to good positive correlation was seen between the duration of epilepsy with T2 relaxometry of right hippocampus. Whereas poor positive correlation between the right hippocampus T2 relaxometry with age (P>0.01), as well poor positive correlation between both hippocampus T2 relaxometry with seizure frequency (P>0.01). There was one patient (5.2%) reported to be negative for mesial temporal sclerosis by qualitative assessment, but the T2 relaxometry reading however was raised.  As a conclusion, T2 relaxometry sequence can be use as adjunct to the current qualitative assessment to increase sensitivity and specificity in detecting mesial temporal sclerosis.

Keywords: Temporal lobe epilepsy, Mesial temporal sclerosis, T2 relaxometry, MRI epilepsy protocol
Evans Syndrome in Rectal Carcinoma
Authors: Ghani Ahmad Ashraf
Published: March 2024

Malignancy is rarely associated with autoimmune disease, and it may complicate rare condition such as Evans Syndrome (ES). ES is an infrequent condition that manifests as a combination of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) with Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP). There were reported cases of ES associated with hematological malignancy but association with rectal carcinoma is relatively unknown. We report a case of a young gentleman with stage III rectosigmoid adenocarcinoma who underwent successful oncological resection and presented a month later with severe anemic symptoms. Blood investigations were consistent with AIHA and ITP.  He was treated with steroids and received multiple blood transfusions but eventually succumbed to death.
Discrepancy in ABO Blood Grouping: A Report of B Subgroup with Cold Alloantibody
Authors: Hassan Mohd Nazri , Adzahar Sumaiyah , Ramli Marini , Mohd Noor Noor Haslina , Zulkafli Zefarina , Iberahim Salfarina , Abdullah Marne , Wan Ab Rahman Wan Suriana
Published: March 2024

The ABO antigens are the most important in both blood transfusion and transplantation as their antibody can cause severe haemolytic transfusion reaction when ABO-incompatible transfusion occurs. It has been claimed that variants of the ABO blood group are very rare, including B subgroups. We reported a young healthy female with B subgroup and underlying cold-reacting alloantibody causing challenges in determining of her ABO blood group. Initial ABO blood grouping was misinterpreted as group O. Presence of alloantibody in her plasma was suspected after revealing positive antibody screening. Repeated blood grouping at 37oC revealed a discrepancy of the forward and reverse grouping, which suggested B subgroup. Cross-matching showed difficulties in finding compatible blood with both group O and B cells due to the presence of clinically significant cold alloantibody. Determining of correct ABO blood group is mandatory in transfusion practices as haemolytic transfusion reaction can be prevented.
Exploring the Spectrum of Acute Coronary Syndromes:
Authors: Nik Him Nik Ahmad Shaiffudin , Nik Mohamad Nik Arif , Nurin Natasha  , Nurul Aqilah  , Siti Nurizah  , Hamzah Mohd Lotfi
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objective: To present a case series highlighting the diverse clinical presentations and management approaches in patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS).
Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of four ACS cases, focusing on clinical history, examination findings, diagnostic tests, and treatment strategies.
Results: The case series includes patients with unstable angina (UA), non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) with acute decompensated heart failure, and ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Each case illustrates the importance of early recognition and individualized management.
Discussion: ACS encompasses a broad spectrum of clinical presentations, requiring prompt diagnosis and risk stratification for appropriate intervention. These cases emphasize the critical role of tailored management in improving patient outcomes.
Conclusion: ACS management should consider the heterogeneity of clinical presentations and prioritize accurate diagnosis and risk assessment.
Biochemical Evaluation of Hypoglycemic Effect of Stingless Bee Pollen in High Fat Diet Fed-Low Dose STZ Induced Experimental Type 2 Diabetes in Rats
Authors: Budi Setyawan Annaas
Published: March 2024

The present study was aimed to evaluate the hypoglycemic properties of stingless bee pollen in HFD fed-low dose STZ induced experimental type 2 diabetes in rats. Healthy, male wistar rats weighing between 160-180g were used in the present study. The rats were divided into four groups of six animals each. Group I served as control rats fed with normal pellet diet. Group II fed with a high fat diet for two weeks and intraperitoneally injected with a low dose of STZ (35mg/kg. b.w.) to induce experimental type 2 diabetes. Group III were induced with diabetes and treated with stingless bee pollen (100 mg/kg b.w/rat/day) for oral administration, respectively. Group VI was diabetic rats treated with metformin (50mg/kg.b.w.), a standard drug used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Body weight, food and fluid consumption were recorded periodically. At the end of the experimental period, the animals were starved overnight and OGTT was performed.  After 30 days of experimental period, the animals were overnight fasted, anesthetized and scarified by cervical decapitation. Blood was collected with and without anticoagulants for the separation of plasma and serum, respectively. The biochemical analysis performed includes fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, plasma insulin, C-peptide and urine sugar. Insulin resistance, β-cell function and insulin sensitivity were also manipulated from HOMA-IR, HOMA β-cell function and QUICK-I index. The results of the present study clearly indicate that the stingless bee pollen significantly decreased the levels of fasting blood glucose and HbA1c. Stingless bee pollen improves the plasma insulin and C-peptide levels. From the arithmetic data, stingless bee pollen reduces the insulin resistance and enhances β-cell function and insulin sensitivity. The antidiabetic efficacy was more pronounced in rats treated with stingless bee pollen. The results obtained clearly evidenced that the stingless bee pollen significant antidiabetic properties used in the present study.

Keyword: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, High fat diet, stingless bee pollen, Antidiabetic properties
Liar, liar, Pants on Fire’ – Management of Genitorinary Injury Sustained post ‘Cherry Bomb’ Explosion
Authors: Mohammad Saiful Segar Mohammad Irsyadiee
Published: March 2024

Penile trauma comprised of 10-16% of genitourinary injury based on several single institution series [1]. Penetrating external genitalia trauma was 0.57%, of all trauma. 28% of it, was penile injuries, with concomitant urethra injuries occurred in 13% [2]. In ballistic injury, the penetrating wound could be superficial, however misleading and underrepresented of the actual extent of  injury. Principle of treatment: immediate exploration, copious irrigation, excision of foreign matter, antibiotic prophylaxis and surgical closure [3]. The functional outcomes were excellent [4]. A case of 29 years old male with penetrating penile trauma with concomitant urethral trauma.
Psoariasis Vrs Alstonia Scholaris: Computational Validation as Functional Food
Authors: Bhattacharya Deepak , Tripathy Chandra  Sejhar , Abdulabbas Hadi Sajid , Al-Mawlah Yasir Haider , Payrol Juan Abreu , Asadollah Asadi , Abdolmalliki Arsh , KHAN AMJAD
Published: March 2024

Introduction : Psoriasis is a skin disease. It is rare & is expanding worldwide. In this investigation the ion channel protein TRPV3 (Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily III ) has been targeted vis-à-vis  psoriasis, which is a important factor.

Objective : To find out Alstonia scholaris’s  phyto compounds efficacy against psoriasis  and use as functional food.

Material and Methods : (i) The sun dried powder of the whole bark of medicinal plant Alstonia scholaris in capsule form @450mg/cap as ‘Functional Food’ in Fixed dose (ii) Two phytocompounds (Alstolenine and (-) Scholarine) were taken from the mature tree’s bark for In Silico investigation.

Results : (i) Functional Food use as was administered and results recorded indicate near clear results with no toxicity. In-Silico molecular docking indicates Alstolenine as the champion with a binding affinity of -7.25 kcal/mol  against the TRPV3 ion channel.  It is also non-toxic. Synergistic with conventional therapeutics : vis-à-vis psoriasis.

Conclusion :  Alstonia scholaris bark as whole supports use as ‘Functional Food’. Alstolenine posits as a good candidate for further ‘Drug Discovery’ related studies : vis-à-vis psoriasis.
Radon Regulation Crisis in Russia: Scale of the Problem and Proposals for Remediation
Authors: Capalov Andrey , Miklyaev Peter , Petrova Tat'yana , Kuvshinnikov Sergey
Published: March 2024

Among the many accumulated challenges, radon mitigation measures for existing buildings are not still carried out in Russia that, combined with the use of an inadequate method for indoor radon measurements, has led to stagnation and crisis of the radon regulation system. To overcome the crisis, a ranking of buildings and responsibility distribution in radon control, including theses on updating the national norms and regulations for ensuring radiation safety, as well as nine priority activities of the radon action plan are proposed in accordance with IAEA requirements.
Methods and Devices for Reconstruction Radiation Spectra from Spatial Distributions
Authors: Lelyuhin Aleksandr
Published: March 2024

The paper considers the principles of construction of non-classical radiation spectrometers. Schemes for the formation of spatial distributions of radiation fields are presented, and the problem of reconstructing the spectra from attenuation curves and profiles of secondary radiation fields is formulated. A review of non-classical spectrometers is presented and a systematization of non-classical radiation spectrometers is proposed based on the principle of obtaining information about the primary radiation beam. A technique for determining radiation conditions from reconstructed spectral distributions is described.
About the Possibilities of Using Alpha Beta Radiometer UMF-2000 with «SpDec» Software for Spectrometric Measurements
Authors: Semenischev Vladimir , Kosmychev Artem , Denisov Evgeniy
Published: March 2024

The experience of exploitation of a a§b-radiometer UMF−2000 with «SpDec» software in spectrometric mode was described. Good linear approximation was shown for energ calibration curve for a-emitters (18 isotopes), whereas the similar energy calibration curve for bemitters (8 isotopes) showed bad linear approximation. Some limitations in identification of a-emitters due to low energy resolution of spectra, emanation of radon isotopes from sources and difference in source thickness were described. The device was tested using two samples of natural water with a high uranium content.
Measuring Transportability and Standard Geometric Deviation of Transportability of Radioactive Aerosols Using a Cascade Impactor
Authors: Vvedensky Vladimir , Sypko Sergey
Published: March 2024

An approach is proposed for the operational measurement of transportability and standard geometric deviation of transportability of radioactive aerosols in industrial conditions. The cascade impactor is preliminarily calibrated (graduated) in transportability units - this is a preliminary single measurement of transportability at each impactor cascade. After calibrating the impactor in transportability units, the transportability and standard geometric deviation of the transportability of radioactive aerosols can be repeatedly measured periodically and/or as needed. To do this, it is enough to measure the activity of the radionuclide at each impactor cascade using any available method. Based on measurements of radionuclide activity at each impactor cascade,an integral transportability distribution function is constructed for all cascades in percentage, then on paper. for lognormal probability graphs, the logarithms of the transportability of the cascade elements are plotted along the ordinate axis (but transportability values are indicated), and the total amount of the fraction activity is plotted along the abscissa axis. The obtained points determine the straight line f(S), the required transportability is S50, where f(S50) = 50%, the desired standard geometric deviation is bg = S84/S50, where f(S84) = 84%. A patent for the invention RU 2801822 C2 was issued for the presented means of measuring transportability and standard geometric deviation of transportability of radioactive aerosols.
Peran Kebudayaan dalam Dunia Pendidikan di Kabupaten Sintang
Authors: Tsalitsa Puja , Purnawan Endar , Pusarti Melja , Fatmawati Ela
Published: March 2024

This journal discusses practical aspects of education that cannot be separated from cultural values. Through the analysis of literature review, this research provides deep insight into the role and interrelated relationship between culture and education, as well as strategies for strengthening education through local cultural values in the world of education in Sintang Regency. The method used in this study is a literature study with a descriptive qualitative approach. The results showed that culture is an integral part of the educational process. The role and relationship between culture and education in Sintang Regency is manifested in the vision of the Sintang Regency Education and Culture Office, which aims to create equitable and quality education services to form an intelligent and cultured society in Sintang Regency. The strategy of strengthening education through local cultural values in Sintang Regency is implemented through various activities, one of which is through the Strengthening the Profile of Pancasila Students in the context of formal education in schools, as a concrete effort to introduce and root local culture and wisdom.
Growth Mindset dan Efikasi Diri Akademik pada Mahasiswa
Authors: Dhimas Arya Wahyukencana  , Narastri Insan Utami
Published: March 2024

This research aims to determine the relationship between growth mindset and academic self-efficacy in students. The hypothesis in this research is that a positive relationship exists between growth mindset and academic self-efficacy in students. This research method uses quantitative research. The type of research used is descriptive. The primary data source used is students. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire with a Likert scale. The data analysis used a correlation between variables. The research results obtained a correlation coefficient (rxy) = 0.507 (p = 0.000), meaning a positive relationship exists between growth mindset and academic self-efficacy in students. The coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.257, which shows that work enthusiasm contributes to work discipline only 25.7%. At the same time, the rest is influenced by other factors not examined in this research.
Pengaruh Pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning terhadap Kemampuan Pemahaman Konsep Matematis Peserta Didik SMA
Authors: Rahmi Fitria  , Zulhendri Zulhendri , Kasman Ediputra
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis peserta didik kelas X SMA Muhammadiyah Bangkinang Kota. Salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi masalah ini adalah dengan menggunakan pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis peserta didik yang menerapkan pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning dengan peserta didik yang menerapkan pembelajaran konvensional. Penelitian ini merupakan quasi eksperimental dengan menggunakan non-randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari kelas X IPA yang berjumlah 23 peserta didik dan X IPS yang berjumlah 25 peserta didik. Teknik sampel yang digunakan adalah random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu lembar obsevasi dan soal tes kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan rata-rata hasil tes kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis peserta didik pada kelas eksperimen dengan menggunakan pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning dengan kelas kontrol yang menerapkan pembelajaran konvensional pada peserta didik kelas X SMA Muhammadiyah Bangkinang Kota. Hal tersebut dapat dibuktikan melalui uji Independent Sample T-Test memperoleh nilai sig (2-tailed) 0,000 < 0,05 maka H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima.
Analisis Citra Visual Fase-Fase Bulan dalam Tinjauan Sistem Koordinat Bola Langit
Authors: Abd. Haji Amahoru  , Ashari Bayu Prasada Dulhasyim  , Sri Rahmadani Pulu
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengamati dan merekam citra digital dari setiap fase bulan yang tampak di langit maluku, kemudian dilakukan analisis citra visual berdasarkan sistem koordinat bola langit. Variabel yang diamati dalam penelitian ini berupa data visual dan parameter astronomi yang meliputi: a) Fase Bulan; b) Fraksi Iluminasi Bulan; c) Ketinggian Bulan; d) Ketinggian Matahari; e) Umur bulan; f) Azimuth Bulan; dan g) Azimuth Matahari. Data utama berupa bentuk fase-fase bulan didapatkan dari hasil pemotretan menggunakan kamera lapangan SONY DSC-H300. Data citra visual yang diperoleh pada setiap fase kemudian dianalisis berdasarkan sistem koordinat bola langit yang memberikan hasil berupa data realtime dan gambaran dari bulan dan matahari pada koordinat bola langit yang mempengaruhi terbentuknya fase-fase bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa setiap kali bulan teramati pada fase tertentu maka bulan selalu berada pada ketinggian yang berbeda di atas horizon. Saat fase purnama terjadi, nilai fraksi iluminasi mendekati 100% dengan nilai selisih azimuth antara bulan dan matahari mencapai 180o dan umur bulan mencapai 14-15 hari. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa perubahan bentuk visual pada setiap fase-fase bulan yang kita amati dari bumi diakibatkan oleh perubahan ketinggian, azimuth serta parameter astronomis lainnya yang dimiliki bulan dan matahari dalam kerangka koordinat bola langit sehingga hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai rujukan untuk menganalisis dan memahami mekanisme perubahan bentuk dari setiap fase bulan, sehingga fase-fase bulan tidak hanya dipandang sebatas fenomena alam yang indah, melainkan dapat dipahami sebagai suatu peristiwa sains yang komprehensif.
Clinical and pathogenetic justification for the use of therapeutic plasma exchange in the complex of preoperative preparation of patients with non-small cell lung cancer complicated by the inflammatory process
Authors: Ushakova N. D. , Rozenko D. A. , Tikhonova S. N. , Kharagezov D. A. , Popova N. N.
Published: March 2024

Purpose of the study. Determination of pathogenetic substantiation and indication criteria for the inclusion of extracorporeal detoxification methods in preoperative preparation of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) complicated by inflammation.

Patients and methods. This study included the data on 222 patients with newly diagnosed stage I–IV NSCLC referred for elective surgical treatment to the Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Medical Centre for Oncology, in 2017–2019. Endogenous intoxication was evaluated in all patients depending on the leukogram results: leukocytic intoxication index (LII), body resistance index (BRI), reactive neutrophil response (RNR), and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Indicators of the inflammatory response, i. e. interleukin 6 and procalcitonin, were also studied.

Results. 36.5 % of NSCLC patients developed inflammation. That over 70 % of the NSCLC patients showed pronounced clinical and laboratory signs of endogenous intoxication and inhibited protective systems of homeostasis. Initial sub- or decompensated endotoxicosis together with reduced overall reactivity of the body poses a high risk of systemic inflammatory response to antitumor surgical treatment. This justifies the inclusion of extracorporeal detoxification into preoperative preparation of this category of patients as an active preoperative therapy.

Conclusions. Simultaneous elevation of LII, RNR and NLR characterizing the presence of endotoxicosis in sub- and decompensation of endogenous intoxication by own physiological detoxification systems requires an active preoperative preparation with extracorporeal detoxification.
MicroRNA-34, microRNA-130, microRNA-148, microRNA-181, microRNA-194 and microRNA-605 expression in colon cancer tissue
Authors: Azovsky D. I. , Afanasyev S. G. , Avgustinovich A. V. , Spirina L. V. , Kovaleva I. V. , Zinnurova A. B. , Belova V. A.
Published: March 2024

Purpose of the study. Determination of the expression of microRNA‑34, microRNA‑130, microRNA‑148, microRNA‑181, microRNA‑194 and microRNA‑605 in colon tumor tissue depending on the clinical and morphological features of the tumor and the effectiveness of treatment.

Materials and methods. The study included 56 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer aged 43 to 75 years with the average age of 54 years. Taking into account the local prevalence of the process patients received surgical or combined treatment, including neoadjuvant chemotherapy, in the clinics of the Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk NRMC. MicroRNA expression was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in real time.

Results. The obtained information revealed the relation of microRNA‑130 to the tumor size. The development of regional metastases was associated with changes in microRNA‑130, microRNA‑194 and microRNA‑605. The level of histological organization of the tumor was associated with microRNA‑34, microRNA‑130, microRNA‑148, and the response to therapy – with microRNA‑130, microRNA‑148 and microRNA‑605. In addition, according to the study, the significance of microRNA‑130 was revealed, which is associated with tumor spread, histological differentiation and response to antitumor therapy.

Conclusion. The features of expression of microRNA‑34, microRNA‑130, microRNA‑148, microRNA‑181, microRNA‑194 and microRNA‑605 associated with clinical and morphological features of colon tumors were revealed. Correlations between the studied indicators are noted, which probably determine the outcome and prognosis of the disease.
Characteristics of anesthetic and surgical tactics in treatment of a patient with a giant thyroid mass in a cancer center (clinical case)
Authors: Rozenko D. A. , Engibaryan M. A. , Kharagezov D. A. , Zhenilo M. V. , Popova N. N. , Bauzhadze M. V. , Marykov E. A.
Published: March 2024

This paper describes an example of radical surgical treatment of a patient with a giant retrosternal goiter complicated by compression of the organs of the neck and mediastinum. Considering all the risks and possible complications, we should take into account the fact that enlarged thyroid (T) body with retrosternal location can cause displacement and stenosis of the trachea and esophagus, and dislocation of large vessels and nerves of the mediastinum. This anatomical specificity is an imminent threat to successful treatment, and it also carries a certain risk of asphyxia and sudden death of the patient. In this clinical case, radical surgical treatment in this patient included sequential mobilization in two pleural cavities, and then the total removal of T through the traditional surgical access. The anesthetic complexity to support the surgical intervention involved both difficult intubation due to tracheal stenosis, and also the required separate ventilation of the lungs to visualize anatomical structures and mobilize a multinodular formation in two pleural cavities. Standard methods of artificial lung ventilation could be ineffective and even dangerous in this case due to the location and size of the tumor. We focused our attention on high-frequency ventilation (HFV), the best method of respiratory support during surgeries for tracheal and bronchial pathologies. The main task of the anesthetic team in this clinical case was to prevent the development of hypercapnia and hypoxia during intubation of the stenotic tracheal segment, and then adequate ventilation of the lungs with reduced area of proper gas exchange due to bilateral surgical pneumothorax. Thus, the full treatment was carried out due to the only safe method of compensating lung ventilation with anesthesia by HFV. The applied HFV method creates an adequate gas exchange in the lungs due to the small ventilation volume and high frequency of respiratory cycles per minute. HFV both prevented the development of threatening complications during intubation of the stenotic tracheal area and ensured an adequate gas exchange during successive thoracoscopic stages of thyroid tumor mobilization.
Immunologic aspects of colorectal cancer progression
Authors: Tishina A. V. , Vladimirova L. Yu. , Sagakyants A. B. , Dzhenkova E. A. , Novikova I. A. , Zlatnik E. Yu.
Published: March 2024

Colorectal cancer remains in the leading positions in the structures of morbidity and mortality among both sexes. A large number of studies are aimed to reveal new biomarkers targeted at both early diagnosis and improving the effectiveness of drug therapy. Colorectal carcinoma (CC) is heterogeneous in its morphological, molecular and immunological aspects and is a heterogeneous disease. The existing molecular genetic classifications and biomarkers capable of predicting the effectiveness of therapy aren’t optimal enough. New prognostic markers would make it possible to identify a subgroup of patients with a high risk of tumor recurrence, for whom enhanced monitoring and diagnostic monitoring should be established, as well as the selection of highly effective methods in the treatment of colorectal cancer. It has been established that some immune cells in the tumor microenvironment are able to stimulate the development of disease progression. Cytokines and chemokines in the tumor microenvironment stimulate the development of metastases, and their serum levels reflect the current inflammatory response in the tumor tissue. The identification and analysis of immune markers involved in the processes of metastasis and the mechanisms of progression remains an important task of modern medicine. The purpose of the study was to analyze modern ideas about the importance of the immunological microenvironment in the progression of colorectal cancer. The effect of molecular heterogeneity of the tumor on the development of metastases, as well as on resistance to ongoing antitumor therapy. The review reflects the immunological characteristics of CC, including in the context of molecular biological subtypes. It describes the involvement of cells of the immune system (lymphocytes, macrophages) and their products (cytokines, chemokines) in the progression of colorectal cancer, including in the processes of neoangiogenesis, as well as the relationship of the T- and B-cell composition of the tumor microenvironment on the course of the disease. The review also shows the immunogenomic stratification of CC, which can be used to predict the response to immunotherapy for colorectal cancer.
Las Flipped Classroom a Través del Smartphone: Efectos de su Experimentación en Educación Física de Secundaria: Estudio de Réplica (Gómez et al., 2015)
Authors: R. Caizatoa Wellington , G. Sánchez Temístocles , M. Jácome Sheyla
Published: March 2024

En la actualidad se requiere implementar metodologías emergentes para la enseñanza en educación física que permitan potenciar las habilidades motoras de los estudiantes, tanto en la clase como en la casa. El aula invertida o Flipped Classroom es una de las opciones efectivas para asignar actividades que puedan transformar el conocimiento en experiencias de aprendizaje prácticas e incluso personalizadas. Esta investigación describe los alcances del aula invertida en la praxis de las clases de educación física en el nivel de educación básica superior, al incorporar las variables notables para la asignatura como son: el rendimiento académico, la percepción del esfuerzo y el tiempo de compromiso motor. La finalidad de este estudio fue experimentar y encontrar los impactos académicos a través de la incorporación de la metodología de aula invertida mediante el dispositivo móvil y comprobar su factibilidad en los contenidos de la disciplina de educación física en básica superior. El diseño de la investigación es de tipo cuasiexperimental, en el que participaron 220 estudiantes de dos unidades educativas del régimen costa y sierra del Ecuador. La intervención se realizó con un postest en los grupos de control y experimental. Los resultados evidenciaron desigualdad representativa entre los grupos en el desempeño escolar y en la apreciación de los beneficios de la metodología estudiada apoyada en la tecnología. Se concluye que el empleo de las Flipped Classroom tiene alcances significativos en la disciplina de educación física básicamente porque considera el ritmo de aprendizaje del estudiante.
Fim da culpa na responsabilidade civil?
Authors: Pádua Felipe Bizinoto Soares
Published: March 2024

Sob a égide da sociedade de riscos, a culpa foi colocada em xeque na responsabilidade civil, que se assoberba a partir da responsabilidade objetiva. Ao lado da sua função de gerar o dever de indenizar, a culpa reascende com um outro papel, o de medir a indenização. Criar ou mensurar o dever de indenizar, a culpa ainda existe (e persiste) na responsabilidade civil.
Inteligência Artificial e responsabilidade civil: uma análise do anteprojeto do Marco Legal da Inteligência Artificial e do Projeto de Lei 2338/2023
Authors: Melo Gustavo da Silva
Published: March 2024

O presente artigo tem como objeto a análise da responsabilidade civil trazida no anteprojeto do Marco Legal da Inteligência Artificial no Brasil, analisando os seus pontos positivos e negativos. Busca-se verificar ainda se haveria a necessidade de o Marco Legal tratar sobre responsabilidade civil. Para tanto, o trabalho será dividido em duas partes: primeiramente, será analisado o desenvolvimento da IA no Brasil, bem como serão vistas as críticas ao Projeto de Lei nº 21/2020, que previu uma responsabilidade subjetiva em caso de danos causados por sistema de IA. Posteriormente, será analisado o anteprojeto do Marco Legal de IA no Brasil, examinando as novidades trazidas sobre responsabilidade civil, como a criação dos termos “risco excessivo” e “alto risco”. Além disso, será analisada a possibilidade da criação de um seguro obrigatório em casos envolvendo danos causados por IA. Através do estudo feito, será visto que, considerando as cláusulas gerais de responsabilidade civil previstas tanto no Código de Defesa do Consumidor quanto no Código Civil, não se mostra necessário a previsão de um regramento específico sobre responsabilidade civil no anteprojeto do Marco Legal de Inteligência Artificial.
A multifuncionalidade da responsabilidade civil no direito concorrencial brasileiro
Authors: Martins Fernanda Lopes , Alves Mariana Domingues
Published: March 2024

Partindo da observação do sistema de defesa da concorrência estadunidense e europeu, o artigo se dedica a analisar o enforcement privado do direito antitruste no Brasil estabelecido pela Lei de Defesa da Concorrência e investigar a multifuncionalidade da responsabilidade civil diante dos danos concorrenciais, considerando as possibilidades e limitações conferidas pela própria legislação antitruste, sobretudo após as alterações da Lei n. 14.470/2022, em que foram instituídos os double damages, por exemplo. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com a metodologia hipotético-dedutiva, a partir do método bibliográfico. Em exame das dimensões funcionais da responsabilidade civil concorrencial, foi possível identificar as funções reparatória, punitiva, preventiva e promocional. Isso demonstra um alinhamento do direito antitruste à uma lógica multifuncional da responsabilidade civil, que se desdobra em, ao menos, quatro funções, que comportam potencialidades para lidar com mais eficiência diante dos complexos desafios apresentados pelos ilícitos concorrenciais.
Resenha da obra “Responsabilidade civil médica e inteligência artificial: culpa médica e deveres de conduta no século XXI”, de Rafaella Nogaroli (2023)
Authors: Santos Romualdo Baptista dos
Published: March 2024

A obra Responsabilidade civil médica e inteligência artificial: culpa médica e deveres de conduta no século XXI é o resultado das pesquisas desenvolvidas pela autora, sob orientação do professor Paulo Nalin, para a composição de sua dissertação de mestrado, aprovada com distinção e louvor pela banca examinadora na Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR).
Responsabilidad por daño moral en el ámbito del Derecho de Familia
Authors: De Verda y Beamonte José Ramón
Published: March 2024

El artículo trata sobre el ingreso de la responsabilidad civil en el derecho de familia. Menciona algunas de las principales situaciones que pueden dar lugar a una obligación de compensar. Trata de la responsabilidad por ruptura de la promesa del matrimonio; de la causación dolosa o negligente de la nulidad matrimonial; incumplimiento de los deberes matrimoniales y de las expectativas justas que surgen del matrimonio; la obstaculización indebida de las relaciones entre un progenitor y sus hijos comunes. El artículo investiga cuestiones como la legitimación procesal y requisitos de responsabilidad como el nexo de causalidad y el daño indemnizable en cada una de las situaciones expuestas, con énfasis en el derecho español
Sustentabilidade no Corpo de Bombeiros Militar do Paraná por meio da implantação de sistema de energia solar fotovoltaica
Authors: Sentone Rafael Gomes , Molleta Felipe José
Published: March 2024

O objetivo do presente artigo é analisar como a geração de energia solar fotovoltaica pode trazer benefícios para o meio ambiente e para o desenvolvimento sustentável no âmbito do Corpo de Bombeiros Militar do Paraná. O tema desenvolvimento sustentável e sustentabilidade vem ganhando destaque no âmbito da Administração Pública devido a sua importância no cenário nacional e internacional. Nesse artigo serão abordados os benefícios da utilização de sistemas de energia solar no Corpo de Bombeiros do Estado do Paraná, por meio de um projeto piloto para o Quartel do Comando do Corpo de Bombeiros, objetivando estimular a economia de recursos públicos e a geração de energia renovável sustentável, de forma a contribuir para a matriz energética nacional bem como evitar crises energéticas. Dessa forma, objetivando proporcionar um aumento da sustentabilidade ambiental e econômica, destaca-se a importância da busca pelo desenvolvimento sustentável no âmbito do Corpo de Bombeiros Militar do Paraná, em consonância com os valores da sustentabilidade, para o efetivo cumprimento da missão institucional de proteção ambiental, alinhado ao seu Plano Estratégico institucional, que possui como um dos eixos, além da prevenção, a gestão dos recursos e ações socioambientais voltadas para o desenvolvimento sustentável. A reflexão pretendida no presente artigo destaca a importância de uma atuação efetiva por parte da Administração Pública Militar Estadual, visando adotar práticas de sustentabilidade ambiental, especialmente no que diz respeito à utilização da energia solar fotovoltaica. Para a realização deste trabalho foi utilizada a pesquisa bibliográfica em fontes primárias e secundárias, exploratória e qualitativa.