bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From soil water to surface water – how the riparian zone controls the transport of major and trace elements from a boreal forest to a stream
Authors: Lidman Fredrik , Boily Åsa , Laudon Hjalmar , Köhler Stephan J.
Published: December 2016

Abstract. The riparian zone is the narrow strip of land, which lines lakes and watercourses. In the boreal region the riparian zone of headwaters often tends to be -wetland-like with high concentrations of organic matter, low pH and more or less reducing conditions. This means that riparian soils in many respects are different from the podzols and other types of mineral soils that dominate the boreal landscape. In this study a large number of major and trace elements (Al, As, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Rb, Se, Si, Sr, Th, Ti, U, V, Zn, Zr) and other parameters such as sulphate, total organic carbon (TOC) and pH were analysed in groundwater and soil water in a boreal hillslope. The objective was to investigate how the chemistry changes as the groundwater passes through the riparian zone and enters the stream. Most of the investigated elements displayed substantially higher (up to 60 times) concentrations in the riparian soils than in the uphill mineral soils. There were also examples of nearly uniform concentrations throughout the transect (e.g. Na and Si), but in only a few cases were lower concentrations observed in the riparian zone (e.g. K, Mg and Ca). The degree of enrichment in the riparian soils could be linked to the affinity for organic matter, indicating that the pattern with strongly elevated concentrations in riparian soils is typical for organophilic elements. However, the elevated concentrations of many elements in the riparian zone could not be linked to increased uptake in biota (bilberry leaves and spruce shoots). In summary, the results confirmed that the riparian zone plays a central role for regulating the stream water quality and the transfer of a wide range of elements from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems. Hence, riparian soils are essential for understanding the fate of nutrients, pollutants and other substances in the boreal landscape.
Quantifying the effect of seasonal and vertical habitat tracking on planktonic foraminifera proxies
Authors: Jonkers Lukas , Kučera Michal
Published: December 2016

Abstract. The composition of planktonic foraminiferal (PF) calcite is routinely used to reconstruct climate change and variability. However, PF ecology leaves a large imprint on the proxy signal. The seasonal and vertical habitat of planktonic foraminifera (PF) species varies spatially, causing variable offsets from annual mean surface conditions recorded by sedimentary assemblages. PF seasonality changes with temperature in a way that minimises the environmental change that individual species experience. While such habitat tracking could lead to an underestimation of spatial or temporal trends and variability in proxy records, most paleoceanographic studies are based on the assumption of a constant habitat. Although the controls on depth habitat variability are less well constrained, it is not unlikely that habitat tracking also affects PF depth habitat. Despite the implications, the effect of this behaviour on foraminifera proxy records has not yet been formally quantified on a global scale. Here we attempt to characterise the effect of habitat tracking on the amplitude of environmental change recorded in sedimentary PF using core top δ18O data from six species, which we compare to predicted δ18O. We find that the offset from mean annual near-surface δ18O values varies with temperature, with PF δ18O indicating warmer than mean conditions in colder waters (on average by −0.1 ‰ (or 0.4°C) per °C), thus providing a first-order quantification of the degree of underestimation due to habitat tracking. We then use an empirical model to estimate the contribution of seasonality to the observed difference between PF and annual mean δ18O and use the residual Δδ18O to assess trends in calcification depth. Our analysis indicates that in all species calcification depth increases with temperature. Consistent with hydrographic conditions, vertical habitat adjustment is dominant in tropical species, whereas cold-water species mainly changes their seasonality when tracking their "optimum" habitat. Assumptions of constant PF depth or seasonal habitat made when interpreting proxy records are thus invalid. The approach outlined here can be used to account for these effects, enabling more accurate reconstructions and improved data-model comparison.
Drought and Flood in the Anthropocene: Modelling Feedback Mechanisms
Authors: Di Baldassarre Giuliano , Martinez Fabian , Kalantari Zahra , Viglione Alberto
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Over the last few decades, numerous studies have investigated human impacts on drought and flood events, while conversely other studies have explored human responses to hydrological extremes. Yet, there is still little understanding about the dynamics resulting from their interplay, i.e. both impacts and responses. Current quantitative methods therefore fail to assess future risk dynamics and, as a result, while risk reduction strategies built on these methods often work in the short term, they can lead to unintended consequences in the longer term. In this paper, we review the puzzles and dynamics resulting from the interplay of society and hydrological extremes, and describe our initial efforts to model hydrological extremes in the Anthropocene. In particular, we first discuss the need for a novel approach to explicitly account for human interactions with both drought and flood events, and then present a stylized model simulating the reciprocal effects between water management and hydrological extremes. Lastly, we highlight the unprecedented opportunity offered by the current proliferation of big data to unravel the coevolution of hydrological extremes and society across scales, and along gradients of social and hydrological conditions.
Extreme weather exposure identification for road networks – a comparative assessment of statistical methods
Authors: Schlögl Matthias , Laaha Gregor
Published: December 2016

Abstract. The assessment of road infrastructure exposure to extreme weather events is of major importance for scientists and practitioners alike. In this study, we compare the different extreme value approaches and fitting methods with respect to their value for assessing the exposure of transport networks to extreme precipitation and temperature impacts. Based on an Austrian data set from 25 meteorological stations representing diverse meteorological conditions, we assess the added value of partial duration series over the standardly used annual maxima series in order to give recommendations for performing extreme value statistics of meteorological hazards. Results show the merits of the robust L-moment estimation, which yielded better results than maximum likelihood estimation in 62 % of all cases. At the same time, results question the general assumption of the threshold excess approach (employing partial duration series, PDS) being superior to the block maxima approach (employing annual maxima series, AMS) due to information gain. For low return periods (non-extreme events) the PDS approach tends to overestimate return levels as compared to the AMS approach, whereas an opposite behaviour was found for high return levels (extreme events). In extreme cases, an inappropriate threshold was shown to lead to considerable biases that may outperform the possible gain of information from including additional extreme events by far. This effect was neither visible from the square-root criterion, nor from standardly used graphical diagnosis (mean residual life plot), but from a direct comparison of AMS and PDS in synoptic quantile plots. We therefore recommend performing AMS and PDS approaches simultaneously in order to select the best suited approach. This will make the analyses more robust, in cases where threshold selection and dependency introduces biases to the PDS approach, but also in cases where the AMS contains non-extreme events that may introduce similar biases. For assessing the performance of extreme events we recommend conditional performance measures that focus on rare events only in addition to standardly used unconditional indicators. The findings of the study directly address road and traffic management, but can be transferred to a range of other environmental variables including meteorological and hydrological quantities.
Wind-farm layout optimisation using a hybrid Jensen–LES approach
Authors: Bokharaie Vahid S. , Bauweraerts Pieter , Meyers Johan
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Given a wind farm with known dimensions and number of wind turbines, we try to find the optimum positioning of wind turbines that maximises wind-farm energy production. In practice, given that optimisation has to be performed for many wind directions, and taking into account the yearly wind distribution, such an optimisation is computationally only feasible using fast engineering wake models such as the Jensen model. These models are known to have accuracy issues, in particular since their representation of wake interaction is very simple. In the present work, we propose an optimisation approach that is based on a hybrid combination of large-eddy simulation (LES) and the Jensen model; in this approach, optimisation is mainly performed using the Jensen model, and LES is used at a few points only during optimisation for online tuning of the wake-expansion coefficient in the Jensen model, as well as for validation of the results. An optimisation case study is considered, in which the placement of 30 turbines in a 4 km by 3 km rectangular domain is optimised in a neutral atmospheric boundary layer. Optimisation for both a single wind direction and multiple wind directions is discussed.
"Reclaiming the Internet" with distributed architectures: An introduction
Authors: Musiani Francesca , Méadel Cécile
Published: December 2016

The papers in this First Monday special issue were originally part of the final symposium of the research project ADAM (Architecture Distribuée & Applications Multimédias, French acronym of Distributed Architectures and Multimedia Applications). This introduction elaborates on the issues at stake in the study of distributed network architectures beyond engineering sciences; it explores their political, social and legal implications and shows, by introducing the papers, the important challenges distributed architectures pose to our societies, economic systems, legal norms and collective behaviors.
The decentralization of knowledge: How Carnap and Heidegger influenced the Web
Authors: Halpin Harry , Monnin Alexandre
Published: December 2016

Does the centralization of the Web change both the diffusion of knowledge and the philosophical definition of knowledge itself? By exploring the origins of the Semantic Web in the philosophy of Carnap and of Google’s machine learning approach in Heidegger, we demonstrate that competing philosophical schools are deeply embedded in artificial intelligence and its evolution in the Web. Finally, we conclude that a decentralized approach to knowledge is necessary in order to bring the Web to its full potential as a project for the spread of human autonomy.
Monuments of cyberspace: Designing the Internet beyond the network framework
Authors: Chrysos Paris
Published: December 2016

In light of the challenges entailed by the (re)design of the Internet, this paper develops the concept of “monuments of cyberspace”, to address the lack of clarity in current debates and more particularly in the use of the conceptual frameworks of “networks” and “communities”. To do so, I revisit the conceptual grounds of network approaches in different disciplines and those of communities of practice, using as an entry point the debate on personal data. To illustrate the value of the concept introduced, the article reviews the design of the “datagram” and that of an online communication setting for developers.
Ocular Pulse Amplitude after Panretinal Photocoagulation in Normotensive Eyes with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Bozic Marija M. , Karadzic Jelena B. , Kovacevic Igor M. , Marjanovic Ivan S.
Published: December 2016

Purpose

To assess the effect of panretinal laser photocoagulation on ocular pulse amplitude (OPA) in normotensive eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Methods

Prospectively, we performed unilateral argon laser panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) in 30 patients with diabetes mellitus type II and previously untreated bilateral proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Before and 7 and 30 days after the treatment, OPA was measured using dynamic contour tonometer.

Results

Compared with the untreated contralateral eyes, laser photocoagulation led to a reduction of OPA. Ocular pulse amplitude did not significantly differ in photocoagulated eyes 7 days after the treatment, but there was a significant difference in OPA 30 days after the treatment. The decrease in OPA values was 15% 7 days after PRP and 40% 30 days after PRP.

Conclusions

Ocular pulse amplitude reduction after PRP indirectly informs us about choriocapillary closure, already reported in previous studies.
Eventos adversos em uma unidade de iternação cirúrgica: estudo descritivo
Authors: Sell Bruna Telemberg , Amante Lúcia Nazareth , Martins Tatiana , Sell Camilla Telemberg , Pinho Fabiana Minati de , Da Silva Renata
Published: December 2016

Objetivo: Verificar a ocorrência de infecção do sítio cirúrgico, perda ou infecção do acesso venoso e quedas em pacientes internados em Unidade deInternação Cirúrgica de um Hospital de Ensino. Método: Estudo descritivo de abordagem quantitativa. O período de coleta de dados foi entre 23 de março e14 de abril de 2015, em dias alternados, totalizando 94 pacientes. Resultado: A média do tempo de internação foi de 8,46 dias, com desvio padrão de 11,294.Observou-se um total de 20 (7,9%) eventos adversos. Houve nove (3,6%) notificações de perda do acesso venoso, sete notificações de infecção do sítio cirúrgico(2,8%) e quatro (1,6%) notificações de infecção do acesso venoso. Conclusão: Observou‑se que o índice de ocorrência dos eventos adversos foi superiora um estudo semelhante, evidenciando a necessidade de ações que estimulem a notificação de eventos adversos e a promoção da segurança do paciente.
Physical Activity and Respiratory Health (PhARaoH): Data from a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Orme Mark W. , Esliger Dale W. , Kingsnorth Andrew P. , Steiner Michael C. , Singh Sally J. , Malcolm Dominic , Morgan Mike D. , Sherar Lauren B.
Published: December 2016

The dataset consists of a densely phenotyped sample of adults collected from March to August 2014. The dataset captures behavioural, physical, physiological and psychosocial characteristics of individuals with and without a General Practitioner diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Data were collected at Glenfield Hospital on 436 individuals (139 COPD patients and 297 apparently healthy adults) aged 40–75 years, residing in Leicestershire and Rutland, United Kingdom. The dataset includes seven days of raw wrist-worn accelerometry, venous blood biomarkers, non-invasive point-of-care cardio-metabolic risk profiles, physical measures and questionnaire data.
PERFIL CLÍNICO E TERAPÊUTICO DA NEURITE CAUSADA PELA HANSENÍASE
Authors: Andreola Gabriel Martinez , Ottoboni Vanessa Cristhine Dallolmo , Mukai Maira Mitsue
Published: December 2016

Objetivos: Avaliar as características clínicas e terapêuticas dos pacientes com neurite no Ambulatório de Hanseníase em Hospital Universitário entre janeiro de 2005 e dezembro de 2013. Métodos: Estudo observacional, retrospectivo, baseado na revisão de prontuários. Foram analisados 108 prontuários e a análise estatística foi feita por médias e medianas (Microsoft Excel®). Resultados: A média de idade foi de 49,3 anos. Aproximadamente 67% da população eram homens e a maioria dos pacientes é procedente do Paraná, sendo que boa parte pertencente a grande Curitiba. As formas multibacilares prevaleceram, com a forma virchowiana (40,2%), seguida pela dimorfa (27,1%). Dos pacientes, 34% apresentaram neurite. O espessamento neural foi detectado em mais da metade dos pacientes e quase 50% dos pacientes desenvolveram reações hansênicas, mais comuns nos multibacilares. Cerca de 75% dos doentes foram submetidos a avaliação funcional inicial e 45,6% destes apresentavam algum grau de incapacidade ao diagnóstico. Dos 37 pacientes com neurite em uso de poliquimioterapia específica associada ao tratamento da neurite, apenas 4 melhoram o grau funcional, enquanto 2 pacientes tiveram piora e em 18 indivíduos houve apenas a estabilização do quadro clínico. Conclusão: O presente estudo está de acordo com a literatura em relação aos dados epidemiológicos. Observamos o predomínio das formas multibacilares e a presença significativa da neurite nas reações hansênicas. Sugerimos que o tratamento leva à uma estabilização das incapacidades funcionais com as terapêuticas atuais usadas no Serviço.
DETECÇÃO DE ENFERMIDADES VISUAIS EM CRIANÇAS COM TDAH
Authors: Iankilevich Liana Grupenmacher , Hayashi Araujo Luissa Hikari , Iankilevich Pérola Grupenmacher , Kusma Solena Ziemer
Published: December 2016

OBJETIVO: Identificar a prevalência das enfermidades visuais em crianças previamente diagnosticadas com Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH).MÉTODOS: A amostra utilizada consistiu em 132 prontuários de crianças entre 07 e 14 anos diagnosticadas com TDAH, entre 2010 e 2014, encaminhadas pelo serviço de neurologia de um hospital pediátrico para o serviço de oftalmologia do mesmo hospital para avaliação oftalmológica de rotina. Foram avaliados o sexo do paciente, idade, consultas oftalmológicas prévias, uso prévio de óculos, alterações visuais e tratamento oftalmológico proposto.RESULTADOS: Constatou-se que 84,8% (n=112) não tinham avaliação oftalmológica prévia. Das queixas referidas pelos pacientes na avaliação oftalmológica, as mais frequentes foram baixa acuidade visual em 30,3% (n=20) e cefaleia em 27,3% (n=19). Uma ou mais enfermidades oftalmológicas foram encontradas em 51,5% (n=68), sendo a hipermetropia a mais prevalente (35,6%, n=47).CONCLUSÕES: Pode-se inferir que há uma relação entre TDAH, dificuldade de aprendizado e alterações visuais. Se todas as crianças passassem por avaliação oftalmológica antes do completo desenvolvimento ocular, as enfermidades visuais poderiam ser precocemente tratadas, melhorando o prognóstico global do paciente.Descritores: TDAH, dificuldade de aprendizado na infância, enfermidades oftalmológicas pediátricas, vícios de refração.
ANÁLISE DE FATORES DE RISCO ASSOCIADOS À INDICAÇÃO DE RECOSNTRUÇÃO MAMÁRIA IMEDIATA
Authors: Resende Maíra Camargos , Okamura Mirna Namie , Rodrigues Luis Afonso De Araújo Peixoto da Costa , Sampaio Marcelo Moura Costa , Barros Alfredo Carlos Simões Dornellas , Batista Bernardo Pinheiro da Senna Nogueira
Published: December 2016

Objetivos: Esse trabalho teve como objetivo identificar se os fatores de risco descritos estão associados à contra-indicação de reconstrução mamária imediata em um serviço filantrópico da cidade de São Paulo. Métodos: Registros de uma base de dados mantida prospectivamente incluindo todas as pacientes operadas no Serviço de Filantropia do Núcleo de Mastologia do Hospital Sírio Libanês durante o ano de 2015 foi consultado. Os fatores de risco analisados foram: Idade, comorbidades, tabagismo, índice de massa corporal e tratamento neoadjuvante. A indicação de reconstrução imediata das mamas foi considerada como desfecho principal. Resultados: Foram incluídas no estudo 225 pacientes operadas por câncer de mama. Destas, 124 (55,1%) pacientes realizaram a reconstrução mamária no mesmo tempo cirúrgico. A idade média das pacientes que realizaram reconstrução imediata das mamas foi 52,3 com desvio padrão de 1,0. Cento e trinta e oito pacientes (61,3%) possuíam alguma comorbidade clínica. Dessas, 65 (47%) realizaram reconstrução imediata. Das pacientes tabagistas, 16 (59,3%) realizaram resconstrução imediata. Já do grupo de pacientes composto por ex tabagistas e por pacientes que nunca fumaram, 102 (58,7%) foram submetidas ao procedimento cirúrgico. A média de IMC das pacientes que realizaram reconstrução imediata das mamas foi 27 com desvio padrão de 0,4. Das pacientes que realizaram neoadjuvância, 55 (73,3%), também foram submetidas à reconstrução imediata. Conclusão: A indicação cirúrgica deve ser personalizada, levando em consideração diversas características da paciente.
AVALIAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO DE MÉDICOS E EQUIPE DE ENFERMAGEM NAS OCORRÊNCIAS DE SEPSE.
Authors: Melech Cecilia Souza , Paganini Maria Cristina
Published: December 2016

Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento dos profissionais de Enfermagem e Medicina na identificação das ocorrências de sepse com o objetivo de implantar ações para a redução de morbimortalidade de pacientes vitimados por essa síndrome.Método: Trata-se de um estudo de campo com abordagem quantitativa realizado em uma unidade de urgência e emergência, em um hospital público na cidade de Curitiba-PR, no período de agosto até setembro de 2015, cuja amostra inicial era de 236 profissionais, sendo 65 médicos, 31 enfermeiros, 39 técnicos e 101 auxiliares de enfermagem. Para avaliar o conhecimento desses profissionais foi aplicado um instrumento com perguntas e análise de 5 estudos de casos sobre a identificação de sinais e sintomas de sepse.Resultado: 92 profissionais participaram do estudo, sendo entre eles 27 médicos, 24 enfermeiros, 10 técnicos de enfermagem e 31 auxiliares de enfermagem. A partir da análise de dados, verificou-se um conhecimento inadequado pelos profissionais, tanto no reconhecimento de sinais e sintomas relacionados a SIRS e a disfunção orgânica, como também na identificação dos quadros clínicos. Com relação a sequência de atendimento ao paciente séptico nas primeiras 6 horas, apenas 17,4% responderam corretamente, contudo, referente ao momento correto para coleta de culturas, 81,5% do total dos profissionais responderam corretamente.Conclusões: Visto que o conhecimento desses profissionais está diretamente ligado a identificação e tratamento precoce da síndrome séptica, acredita-se que a realização dessa pesquisa possa colaborar para implantação de ações que visem diminuir o índice de morbimortalidade por essa síndrome.
ACIDENTES DE TRANSPORTE TERRESTRE ENVOLVENDO VEÍCULOS AUTOMOTORES NO ESTADO DO PARANÁ
Authors: Fernandes Yuri Costa Farago , Favaretto Paulo Eduardo , Slaviero Raffael Sehn , Griep Rubens
Published: December 2016

Objetivos: Buscou-se analisar o perfil dos acidentes de transporte terrestre envolvendo veículos automotores, descrevendo algumas características relacionadas ao evento e às vítimas no estado do Paraná, nos anos de 2009 a 2014. Métodos: As informações foram coletadas em banco de dados secundário no sítio eletrônico da Corporação de Bombeiros do Paraná, relativas ao período de seis anos (janeiro de 2009 a dezembro de 2014). Registrou-se a quantidade e tipo dos acidentes, o dia da semana e período do dia das ocorrências, e a quantidade, sexo, idade, e estado clínico das vítimas. Resultados: No período estudado houveram 248.805 acidentes de transporte. Automóveis e motocicletas representaram a maioria dos veículos envolvidos. Os acidentes ocorreram principalmente no fim de semana e nos períodos da tarde e noite. Esses acidentes resultaram em 307.916 vítimas, e o perfil típico foi representado por jovens do sexo masculino. A gravidade das lesões foi, mais frequentemente, classificada como leve. Conclusão: Os resultados mostram que o peso dos acidentes de transporte é bastante grande em nosso meio. Assim, é importante que se produzam mais estudos, além de desenvolver e implantar ações que levem a um trânsito mais seguro.
Uso de beta-bloqueadores em pacientes maiores que 65 anos com insuficiência cardíaca sistólica
Authors: Moura Lídia Zytynsky , Kusma Solena Ziemer , Garcia Isabalea C. B. , Loures Maria Eduarda I. A. da Rocha , De Souza Mariane Adelle P.
Published: December 2016

Esse artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma revisão de literatura sobre o uso de beta-bloqueadores em pacientes idosos com insuficiência cardíaca sistólica, sua prescrição e eficácia terapêutica. A Insuficiência Cardíaca (IC) é uma síndrome multifatorial de alta incidência, com disfunção ventricular esquerda sistólica na maioria dos casos. A sua prevalência aumenta com a idade e com o número de comorbidades associadas. As diretrizes preconizam como tratamento a associação de um inibidor da enzima conversora da angiotensina II (iECA) ou bloqueador do receptor de angiotensina II (BRA) com beta-bloqueadores (BB), sendo estas drogas disruptivas no tratamento dessa doença.
Reproductive ethogram and mate selection in captive wild Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis)
Authors: Carazo Ignacio , Chereguini Olvido , Martín Ignacio , Huntingford Felicity , Duncan Neil
Published: December 2016

Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) have a high potential for aquaculture that is hampered by reproductive behavioural problems. These problems result in limited breeder participation in spawning. The present study provided an ethogram and described mate selection and spawning of captive wild Senegalese sole. Two tanks of breeders were studied that had 29 and 25 breeders (mean weight = 1.6 ± 0.1 kg). The behaviour was studied during 20 periods of 24 hours: 10 periods where spawning events were recorded and 10 control periods without spawning events. Periods where spawning occurred had three times more locomotor activity than periods without spawning. Two distinct behaviours, termed the “following” behaviour and the “coupled swim”, were only observed during periods with spawning. The courtship sequence (n=12) began with males predominantly involved in “following” behaviours, whilst females remained mainly stationary on the bottom of the tank. Males rested on the females and encouraged the females to begin swimming. When the female began to swim the male swam under the female and the pair made a “coupled swim” to the surface to release gametes. Gamete release was strictly in pairs of one male with one female. Failed “coupled swims” without gamete release were 5.6 times more frequent than successful “coupled swims”. Mate selection was evident as the sole engaged in: paired spawning, males displayed to females, males encouraged females to spawn and females accepted or rejected the male’s advances. The mate selection process provided the opportunity for fish to dominate the spawning and also demonstrated how fish were excluded from spawning.
Effects of regulated deficit irrigation on physiology, yield and fruit quality in apricot trees under Mediterranean conditions
Authors: Pérez-Sarmiento Francisco , Mirás-Avalos José M. , Alcobendas Rosalía , Alarcón Juan J. , Mounzer Oussama , Nicolas Emilio
Published: December 2016

Scarce water resources mainly in arid and semi-arid areas have caused an increasing interest for applying irrigation protocols aiming to reduce water spends. The effects of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on the performance of apricot trees (Prunus armeniaca L. cv. “Búlida”) were assessed in Murcia (SE Spain), during three consecutive growing seasons (2008-2010). The hypothesis was that RDI would not restrict yield but increase fruit quality while saving water. Two irrigation treatments were established: i) control, irrigated to fully satisfy crop water requirements (100% ETc) and ii) RDI, that reduced the amount of applied water to: a) 40% of ETc at flowering and stage I of fruit growth; b) 60% of ETc during the stage II of fruit growth and c) 50% and 25% of ETc during the late postharvest period (from 60 days after harvest). Stem water potential, gas exchanges, trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA), fruit diameter, yield and fruit quality traits were determined. Vegetative growth was decreased by the use of RDI (12% less TCSA on average for the three years), whereas yield was unaffected. In addition, some qualitative characteristics of the fruits, such as the level of soluble solids, sweetness/acidity relation and fruit colour, were improved by the use of RDI. These results and average water savings of approximately 30%, lead us to conclude that RDI strategies are a possible solution for irrigation management in areas with water shortages, such as arid and semi-arid environments.
Ten Classic Onboarding Errors – Violations of the HRM - Employee Relationship
Authors: Caldwell B. Gail , Caldwell Cam
Published: December 2016

Although many organizations and Human Resource Professionals overlook the importance of onboarding new employees, this Human Resource Management process is extremely important for transitioning employees and is a moral and ethical duty owed to those employees. This paper identifies ten classic onboarding errors and suggests solutions to those ethical missteps. By correcting these errors, organizations can improve the transition of their new employees, build trust and commitment, reduce employee stress, and increase new employee productivity.
Some Adaptations to Sea Level Rise in the Coastal City of Limbe, Cameroon
Authors: Kometa Sunday Shende , Lambi Cornelius Mbifung , Sunjo Tata Emmanuel
Published: December 2016

Abundant scientific evidence at our disposal clearly demonstrates that the world’s climates have been changing particularly since the advent of the Industrial Revolution. One of these evidences has been the rise in sea level. While inland cities might be confronted with other evidences and impacts of climate change, adapting to sea level rise remains a daunting task for most coastal cities especially those of developing countries. This paper therefore examines the extent of sea level rise in the Cameroonian coastal city of Limbe and the various indigenous adaptation strategies which are being put in place to combat this sea level rise. Using secondary data relating to sea level rise in tropical coastal areas and primary data relating to the various adaptation options to sea level rise, the study establishes that sea level rise will continue to be a problem to this location if adequate and lasting measures are not put in place. While the city has recorded successes especially in real estate development adaptations, other infrastructural facilities which largely support the tourism sector especially along the city’s coast line have remained unsustainable. In the wake of the growing sea level rise, perhaps, it is incumbent on the city’s authorities to have a holistic approach in the development and management of its coastal infrastructures in order to combat the sea level rise problem which has become a cruel reality in this active tectonic and mobile region of Cameroon.
Bestuurswetenschappen 70 jaar: de mannen (en een vrouw) van het eerste uur
Authors: Reussing Rik
Published: December 2016

‘Bestuurswetenschappen’ 70 years: the men (and a woman) of the first hour

This year we are celebrating volume 70 of the Dutch magazine ‘Bestuurswetenschappen’ (Administrative Sciences in English). The first complete volume was published in 1947, but the first issue had already appeared in November 1946, so last month our magazine had its 70th anniversary. It is an appropriate age to reflect for a moment on the launch of our magazine in this anniversary issue, because 70 is rapidly becoming the new 65. It is also an opportunity for us to pay respect in this editorial to those people who were involved at the launch of the magazine which happened under difficult circumstances (because of the consequences of the Second World War and the huge task of rebuilding the Netherlands). At the same time this homage is an impressive ‘who’s who’ of Dutch (and also partly the international) administrative sciences at that time, with many remarkable and influential characters playing a role. Apart from all the male authors and editors, one woman (Hermine Revers) was the editorial secretary of the magazine. Chief editor was Gerrit van Poelje, who is considered by many to be the founder of Public Administration in the Netherlands.
A LabVIEW-based electrical bioimpedance spectroscopic data interpreter (LEBISDI) for biological tissue impedance analysis and equivalent circuit modelling
Authors: Bera Tushar Kanti , Jampana Nagaraju , Lubineau Gilles
Published: December 2016

Under an alternating electrical signal, biological tissues produce a complex electrical bioimpedance that is a function of tissue composition and applied signal frequencies. By studying the bioimpedance spectra of biological tissues over a wide range of frequencies, we can noninvasively probe the physiological properties of these tissues to detect possible pathological conditions. Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) can provide the spectra that are needed to calculate impedance parameters within a wide range of frequencies. Before impedance parameters can be calculated and tissue information extracted, impedance spectra should be processed and analyzed by a dedicated software program. National Instruments (NI) Inc. offers LabVIEW, a fast, portable, robust, user-friendly platform for designing data-analyzing software. We developed a LabVIEW-based electrical bioimpedance spectroscopic data interpreter (LEBISDI) to analyze the electrical impedance spectra for tissue characterization in medical, biomedical and biological applications. Here, we test, calibrate and evaluate the performance of LEBISDI on the impedance data obtained from simulation studies as well as the practical EIS experimentations conducted on electronic circuit element combinations and the biological tissue samples. We analyze the Nyquist plots obtained from the EIS measurements and compare the equivalent circuit parameters calculated by LEBISDI with the corresponding original circuit parameters to assess the accuracy of the program developed. Calibration studies show that LEBISDI not only interpreted the simulated and circuit-element data accurately, but also successfully interpreted tissues impedance data and estimated the capacitive and resistive components produced by the compositions biological cells. Finally, LEBISDI efficiently calculated and analyzed variation in bioimpedance parameters of different tissue compositions, health and temperatures. LEBISDI can also be used for human tissue impedance analysis for electrical impedance-based tissue characterization, health analysis and disease diagnosis.
Técnicas aerofotogramétricas digitais aplicadas ao estudo da erosão
Authors: Pinheiro Marcos Roberto , Redivo Igor André Cubateli
Published: December 2016

As fotografias aéreas são um dos produtos de sensoriamento remoto mais utilizados nos estudos de erosão, porém a medição direta de feições erosivas lineares sobre as fotos não é adequado, devido aos problemas geométricos inerentes a estas. Nesse contexto, este trabalho apresenta um exemplo de aplicação de uma técnica mais precisa para o estudo da erosão a partir de fotos aéreas, a aerofotogrametria digital. Esta foi empregada na análise da evolução temporal (1962 a 2006) de ravinas e voçorocas da bacia do Querosene (São Pedro/SP, sudeste do Brasil). O estudo foi realizado por meio de uma estação fotogramétrica constituída de um notebook, o software DVP e um estereoscópio de espelhos próprio para o uso no computador. Para a correção da geometria das fotos (1962: 1:25.000; 1978: 1.35.000; 1995: 1:25.000; 2006: 1:30.000) foram usados os parâmetros técnicos das câmeras utilizadas nos aerolevantamentos, coordenadas obtidas em cartas planialtimétricas (1:10.000) e um modelo digital de terreno elaborado a partir destas cartas base. Os resultados mostraram o grande potencial da aerofotogrametria digital para visualizar e representar mais precisamente as formas de relevo e as feições erosivas, inclusive de pequenas dimensões, como sulcos e trilhas de pisoteio. Além disso, a medição das dimensões das feições erosivas lineares de 1962 até 2006 permitiu entender a sua evolução temporal e calcular seu ritmo de expansão. O método mostrou-se eficiente não apenas para o estudo da erosão, como também para o mapeamento geomorfológico.
External Stimuli Responsive 2D Charge Transfer Polymers
Authors: Zhang Zhuolei , Xu Beibei , Xu Bolei , Jin Lei , Dai Hai‐Lung , Rao Yi , Ren Shenqiang
Published: December 2016

2D conjugated charge‐transfer polymers hold the fundamental importance of both atomically defined molecular structures and unique spatial confinement for distinctive and exotic material properties. However, such 2D crystalline networks exhibit a fundamental processing challenge in polymer science and molecular assembly, which precludes emerging applications for 2D polymers. Here, an operationally simple solvothermal crystallization of conjugated charge‐transfer polymer into a freestanding and ultrathin 2D nanosheet directed by electrostatic recognition, π–π interaction, and charge‐transfer complexation is reported. High flexibility and 3D stacking capability of ultrathin 2D conjugated polymers provide a robust solution‐processing platform to uncover their emerging optoelectronics and multisensing capabilities. Resembling covalent organic framework assembly, these materials potentially open up a new exciting field of 2D conjugated networks with the structure flexibility and materials‐by‐design opportunities for all organic electronics.
Thermal Induced Strain Relaxation of 1D Iron Oxide for Solid Electrolyte Interphase Control and Lithium Storage Improvement
Authors: Zhao Kangning , Wen Mingying , Dong Yifan , Zhang Lei , Yan Mengyu , Xu Wangwang , Niu Chaojiang , Zhou Liang , Wei Qiulong , Ren Wenhao , Wang Xuanpeng , Mai Liqiang
Published: December 2016

High energy lithium ion battery based on multi‐electron redox reaction is often accompanied by inherent large volume expansions, sluggish kinetics, and unstable solid electrolyte interphase layer, leading to capacity failure. Here, thermal induced strain relaxation is proposed to realize the solid electrolyte interphase control. It is demonstrated that through thermal treatment, lattice strain is well released and defect density is well reduced, facilitating the charge transfer, improving the interparticle contacts and the contacts at the interface of electrode to withstand the huge volume expansion/contraction during cycling. In this way, the as‐prepared α‐Fe2O3 electrode at 800 °C with no protective shell shows an outstanding reversible capacity of 1200 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1 and an excellent high‐rate cyclability with a capacity fading of 0.056% per cycle for 1200 cycles at 5 A g−1. It is expected that such findings facilitate the applications of high capacity anode and cathode material systems that undergo large volume expansion.
Iodine‐Catalyzed Formation of Amide Bond: Efficient Strategy for the Synthesis of Aromatic Primary Amides
Authors: Xie Zengyang , Chen Ruijiao , Du Zhongyu , Kong Lingdong , Li Zhenquan , Li Zhaolou , Wang Ning , Liu Jun
Published: December 2016

A practical and efficient methodology for the synthesis of aromatic primary amides by reaction of benzylic alcohols and aqueous ammonia in the presence of an I2/TBHP system in acetonitrile was developed. This oxidative amidation proceeded smoothly at ambient temperature and tolerated a variety of functional groups. A wide range of aromatic primary amides were obtained in moderate to high yields. Preliminary kinetic studies and a possible mechanism of the oxidative amidation reaction were also discussed.
A Large π‐Extended Carbon Nanoring Based on Nanographene Units: Bottom‐Up Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and Selective Complexation with Fullerene C70
Authors: Lu Dapeng , Zhuang Guilin , Wu Haotian , Wang Song , Yang Shangfeng , Du Pingwu
Published: December 2016

Herein we report the organoplatinum‐mediated bottom‐up synthesis, characterization, and properties of a novel large π‐extended carbon nanoring based on a nanographene hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene (HBC) building unit. This tubular structure can be considered as an example of the longitudinal extension of the cycloparaphenylene scaffold to form a large π‐extended carbon nanotube (CNT) segment. The cyclic tetramer of a tetramesityl HBC ([4]CHBC) was synthesized by the reaction of a 2,11‐diborylated hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene with a platinum complex, followed by reductive elimination. The structure of this tubular molecule was further confirmed by physical characterization. Theoretical calculations indicate that the strain energy of this nanoring is as high as 49.18 kcal mol−1. The selective supramolecular host–guest interaction between [4]CHBC and C70 was also investigated.
Stereocontrolled Total Syntheses of (−)‐Rotenone and (−)‐Dalpanol by 1,2‐Rearrangement and SNAr Oxycyclizations
Authors: Nakamura Kayo , Ohmori Ken , Suzuki Keisuke
Published: December 2016

The total syntheses of (−)‐rotenone and (−)‐dalpanol have been achieved by a group‐selective, stereospecific 1,2‐shift of an epoxy alcohol and SNAr cyclizations. Three oxacycles are constructed, thus illustrating a versatile synthetic route to various rotenoids.
Ursachen der unterschiedlichen Reaktivität von [AlCeOx]+ (x=2–4) gegenüber Methan in Abhängigkeit vom Sauerstoffgehalt
Authors: Zhou Shaodong , Li Jilai , Schlangen Maria , Schwarz Helmut
Published: December 2016

Die thermischen Gasphasenreaktionen der geschlossenschaligen heteronuklearen Metalloxidcluster [AlCeOx]+ (x=2–4) mit Methan wurden mittels FT‐ICR‐Massenspektrometrie und quantenchemischer Rechnungen untersucht. Während [AlCeO2]+ und [AlCeO4]+ unter thermischen Bedingungen gegenüber Methan inert sind, reagiert [AlCeO3]+ spontan unter Wasserstoffatomabstraktion. Unter Berücksichtigung mechanistischer Aspekte konnten die Ursachen dieser deutlich unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften der [AlCeOx]+/CH4‐Paare aufgedeckt werden; die elektronische Grundlage der beispiellosen, einfachen Wasserstoffatomabstraktion von Methan durch den geschlossenschaligen Cluster [AlCeO3]+ wird diskutiert.
Catalyst‐Free Polyhydroboration of Dodecaborate Yields Highly Photoluminescent Ionic Polyarylated Clusters
Authors: Lee Mark W.
Published: December 2016

The incorporation of polyhedral boranes into novel photoluminescent materials is an area with increasing interest. While the neutral carboranes have been widely investigated for this purpose, the dodecaborate ion has received much less attention. Herein we report a significant expansion to the scope of substitution reactions for the dodecaborate ion, whereby this cluster was observed to react directly with a wide range of arenes in a step‐wise and controlled manner. In the products of these reactions, the dodecaborate ion serves as a core upon which up to nine mono‐ or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ligands are exohedrally bonded. Spectroscopic evidence suggests the presence of conjugation between the π systems of the aryl ligands and the dodecaborate core, resulting in materials which exhibit high solution‐phase photoluminescence, as well as molar absorptivities and Stokes shifts that are significantly larger than those of the free arenes from which they were derived. We propose that this broad reactivity is a valuable synthetic tool for the incorporation of polyhedral boron into novel organic structures.
Stereospecific Construction of Contiguous Quaternary All‐Carbon Centers by Oxidative Ring Contraction
Authors: Yu Xin , Hu Jiadong , Shen Zhigao , Zhang Hui , Gao Jin‐Ming , Xie Weiqing
Published: December 2016

Oxidative ring contraction of cyclic α‐formyl ketones was facilitated by the action of H2O2 under operationally simple and environmentally benign reaction conditions. The process was highly regioselective and enables stereospecific construction of contiguous quaternary all‐carbon centers from stereodefined all‐substituted all‐cyclic ketones. The asymmetric syntheses of (+)‐cuparene and (+)‐tochuinyl acetate were also successively achieved by taking advantage of this novel protocol.
On the Origin of the Remarkably Variable Reactivities of [AlCeOx]+ (x=2–4) towards Methane as a Function of Oxygen Content
Authors: Zhou Shaodong , Li Jilai , Schlangen Maria , Schwarz Helmut
Published: December 2016

The thermal gas‐phase reactions of the closed‐shell heteronuclear metal–oxide clusters [AlCeOx]+ (x=2–4) with methane have been explored by FT‐ICR mass spectrometry and high‐level quantum‐chemical calculation. Whereas [AlCeO2]+ and [AlCeO4]+ are inert towards methane under ambient conditions, [AlCeO3]+ spontaneously abstracts one hydrogen atom from methane. Mechanistic aspects have been addressed to reveal the reasons for the rather distinct reactivities of the [AlCeOx]+/CH4 couples, and the electronic origins of the unprecedented single hydrogen‐atom abstraction from methane by closed‐shell [AlCeO3]+ are discussed.
Vanadium(III) complexes containing phenoxy–imine–thiophene ligands: Synthesis, characterization and application to homo‐ and copolymerization of ethylene
Authors: do Prado Nayara T. , Ribeiro Ronny R. , L. Casagrande Osvaldo
Published: December 2016

A set of vanadium(III) complexes, namely {SNO}VCl2(THF)2 (2a, SNO = thiophene‐(N═CH)‐phenol; 2b, SNO = 5‐phenylthiophene‐(N═CH)‐phenol; 2c, SNO = 5‐phenylthiophene‐(N═CH)‐4‐tert‐butylphenol; 2d, SNO = 5‐methylthiophene‐(N═CH)‐phenol; 2e, SNO = 5‐methylthiophene‐(N═CH)‐4‐tert‐butylphenol; 2f, SNO = 5‐methylthiophene‐(N═CH)‐2‐methylphenol; 2g, SNO = 5‐methylthiophene‐(N═CH)‐4‐fluorophenol), were synthesized by reaction of VCl3(THF)3 with phenoxy–imine–thiophene proligands (1a–g). All vanadium(III) complexes were characterized using elemental analysis and infrared and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies. Upon activation with methylaluminoxane (MAO), vanadium precatalysts 2a–g proved active in the polymerization of ethylene (213.6–887.2 kg polyethylene (mol[V])−1⋅h−1), yielding high‐density polyethylenes with melting temperatures in the range 133–136 °C and crystallinities varying from 28 to 41%. The 2e/MAO catalyst system was able to copolymerize ethylene with 1‐hexene affording poly(ethylene‐co‐1‐hexene)s with melting temperatures varying from 126 to 102 °C and co‐monomer incorporation in the range 3.60–4.00%.
Geospatial modelling for predicting the ideal free settlement of Rapa
Authors: LANE BRIAN G.
Published: December 2016

This paper describes a geospatial model that was developed to be the basis for applying models from human behavioural ecology (HBE). Specifically, the logic of the ideal free distribution (IFD) is narrowed and applied to the post‐colonisation spread of intensive agriculture in order to predict the order and locations of its expansion. The island of Rapa, Austral Islands, is used to highlight the utility of this method. Rapa is an ideal location due to the prominent use of intensive irrigated taro agriculture and its role in explanations of the social development of territoriality on the island. The use of similar geospatial models has wider implications for island archaeology in furthering the understanding of diachronic settlement patterns.
Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of Dendritic Platinum Nanoparticles with HEK‐293 Cells
Authors: Shim Kyubin , Kim Jeonghun , Heo Yoon‐Uk , Jiang Bo , Li Cuiling , Shahabuddin Mohammed , Wu Kevin C.‐W. , Hossain Md. Shahriar A. , Yamauchi Yusuke , Kim Jung Ho
Published: December 2016

Dendritic platinum nanoparticles (DPNs) have been synthesized from l‐ascorbic acid and an amphiphilic non‐ionic surfactant (Brij‐58) via a sonochemical method. The particle size and shape of the DPNs could be tuned by changing the reduction temperature, resulting in a uniform DPN with a size of 23 nm or 60 nm. The facets of DPNs have been studied by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. The cytotoxicity of DPNs has been investigated using human embryonic kidney cells (HEK‐293), and the biological adaptability exhibited by DPNs has opened a pathway to biomedical applications such as drug‐delivery systems, photothermal treatment, and biosensors.