bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Guillain-Barré Syndrome with asystole requiring permanent pacemaker: a case report
Authors: Patel Mehul B , Goyal Sandeep K , Punnam Sujeeth R , Pandya Khyati , Khetarpal Vipin , Thakur Ranjan K
Published: January 2009

Introduction

Guillain-Barré syndrome is an acute demyelinating disorder of the peripheral nervous system that results from an aberrant immune response directed at peripheral nerves. Autonomic abnormalities in Guillain-Barré syndrome are usually transient and reversible. We present a case of Guillain-Barré syndrome requiring a permanent pacemaker in view of persistent symptomatic bradyarrhythmia.

Case Presentation

An 18-year-old Caucasian female presented with bilateral lower limb paraesthesias followed by bilateral progressive leg weakness and difficulty in walking. She reported an episode of an upper respiratory tract infection 3 weeks prior to the onset of her neurological symptoms. Diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome was considered and a lumbar puncture was performed. Cerebrospinal fluid revealed albuminocytologic dissociation (increased protein but normal white blood cell count) suggestive of Guillain-Barré syndrome and hence an intravenous immunoglobulin G infusion was started. Within 48 hours, she progressed to complete flaccid quadriparesis with involvement of respiratory muscles requiring mechanical ventilatory support. Whist in the intensive care unit, she developed multiple episodes of bradycardia and asystole requiring a temporary pacemaker. In view of the persistent requirement for the temporary pacemaker for more than 5 days, she received a permanent pacemaker. She returned for follow-up three months after discharge with an intermittent need for ventricular pacing.

Conclusion

Guillain-Barré syndrome can result in permanent damage to the cardiac conduction system. Patients with multiple episodes of bradycardia and asystole in the setting of Guillain-Barré syndrome should be evaluated and considered as potential candidates for permanent pacemaker implantation.
Low-intensity body building exercise induced rhabdomyolysis: a case report
Authors: Gagliano Massimiliano , Corona Daniela , Giuffrida Giuseppe , Giaquinta Alessia , Tallarita Tiziano , Zerbo Domenico , Sorbello Massimiliano , Paratore Annalaura , Virgilio Carla , Cappellani Alessandro , Veroux Pierfrancesco , Veroux Massimiliano
Published: January 2009

Introduction

Rhabdomyolysis is a severe and debilitating condition that promotes muscle breakdown and is a relatively rare, not always diagnosed cause of acute renal failure (ARF) with an 8–20% reported incidence. Exertional rhabdomyolysis only appears in adult patients 24–48 h after strenuous activities as military basic training, weight lifting, and marathon running.

Case presentation

A 30-year-old man was admitted to our department because of weakness and painful swelling of the muscles as well as dark urine appearing 24 h after carrying out a body-building exercises of low intensity. The development of an acute exertional rhabdomyolysis was confirmed by the increased serum enzyme levels and myoglobinuria. The patient was treated with intravenous sodium chloride, and sodium bicarbonate. The nephrotoxicity of myoglobin was decreased by forced alkaline diuresis.

Conclusion

The reported case emphasizes the occurrence of acute rhabdomyolysis even in those who underwent a low-intensity exercise. A proper treatment is mandatory to avoid a sudden worsening of clinical conditions eventually evolving to acute renal failure.
Transition to Entrepreneurship from the Public Sector: Predispositional and Contextual Effects
Authors: Özcan Serden , Reichstein Toke
Published: January 2009

Studies of career dynamics implicitly claim that government employees are not entrepreneurial. Utilizing longitudinal data from the U.S. Panel Study for Income Dynamics, we investigate the reasons for the low rate of entrepreneurship from the public sector. We conjecture that it is due to labor market matching processes and the bureaucratic nature of public organizations and bureaucratization of individuals. Our life-course analysis identifies labor market matching as a major determinant: nonentrepreneurial types choose public sector employment. We also uncover tenure and context effects, which decrease and increase the hazard rate of entrepreneurial exit, respectively. Whereas the former effect points toward adaptation and internal labor market sorting, the latter draws attention to exits due to frustration.
Sensitivity to Distance and Baseline Distributions in Forecast Evaluation
Authors: Jose Victor Richmond R. , Nau Robert F. , Winkler Robert L.
Published: January 2009

Scoring rules can provide incentives for truthful reporting of probabilities and evaluation measures for the probabilities after the events of interest are observed. Often the space of events is ordered and an evaluation relative to some baseline distribution is desired. Scoring rules typically studied in the literature and used in practice do not take account of any ordering of events, and they evaluate probabilities relative to a default baseline distribution. In this paper, we construct rich families of scoring rules that are strictly proper (thereby encouraging truthful reporting), are sensitive to distance (thereby taking into account ordering of events), and incorporate a baseline distribution relative to which the value of a forecast is measured. In particular, we extend the power and pseudospherical families of scoring rules to allow for sensitivity to distance, with or without a specified baseline distribution.
Brimonidine Tartrate Poisoning in Children: Frequency, Trends, and Use of Naloxone as an Antidote
Authors: Becker Melisa Lai , Huntington Noelle , Woolf Alan D.
Published: January 2009

BACKGROUND. Brimonidine tartrate, a centrally acting selective α-2 adrenergic agonist with a toxicity that is often compared with that of clonidine, is used as eye drops to lower intraocular pressure in glaucoma. We investigated characteristics of childhood exposures to brimonidine-containing products.

METHODS. All brimonidine exposures in children 0 to 5 years of age between 1997 and 2005 were retrieved from the American Association of Poison Control Centers' Toxic Exposure Surveillance System database and the US Food and Drug Administration's Medwatch Adverse Events Reporting System. The design of the study was retrospective, and the main outcome measures were frequency of exposures over time, reason, symptoms/signs of toxicity, dose, management site, treatment, and outcome.

RESULTS. There were 413 brimonidine reports in the Toxic Exposure Surveillance System and 340 in the Adverse Events Reporting System during the 9 years under study, of which 185 Toxic Exposure Surveillance System reports involved children ≤5 years of age versus 15 cases in the Adverse Events Reporting System. There were no deaths. The peak age of poisoning in the Toxic Exposure Surveillance System pediatric cases was 2 years of age, and circumstances were unintentional poisoning in 176 cases, usually by ingestion (84.3%). Common symptoms in 176 children included drowsiness (40.9%), ataxia (4.5%), pallor (4.5%), irritability (4.0%), hypotension (4.0%), bradycardia (4.0%), miosis (3.4%), and respiratory depression (3.4%). Of the 176 unintentional pediatric poisonings, 73 children were observed at home and 103 were seen at a health care facility; 28 were hospitalized and 11 received naloxone. Of the 15 pediatric cases in the Adverse Events Reporting System data set, all were hospitalized, and 13 had ocular exposures only.

CONCLUSIONS. All children ≤5 years of age with confirmed brimonidine ingestions should be medically evaluated and monitored for an extended period. Indications for the use of naloxone in brimonidine poisoning remain uncertain.
Influence of non-ideal storage conditions on carrot moisture content loss
Authors: Kaszab Tímea , Firtha Ferenc , Fekete András
Published: January 2009

The objective of the work reported here was to determine changes in the moisture content, firmness characteristics, color attributes and NIR absorbance of two carrot cultivars during storage. There was a definite loss in the moisture content that caused changes in the firmness. This result shows that carrot firmness is very sensitive to the moisture content. The firmness — especially the cutting force — is a good characteristic for predicting changes in carrot moisture content during storage. The color characteristics — a* and b* — showed a slight change in the function of the moisture content. However, these color characteristics are suitable for distinguishing the phloem and xylem parts of carrot cultivars. There were not found definite changes in the NIR absorbance as the function of the moisture content. Consequently, the specific cutting force and the impact stiffness coefficient are good characteristics of the carrot moisture content and the mass reduction during storage under non-ideal conditions.
Analysis of drought and storage for Mula project using ANN and stochastic generation models
Authors: Awchi Taymoor A. , Srivastava D. K.
Published: January 2009

A hybrid model for streamflow generation is presented to explore the possibilities of using the multilayer feedforward artificial neural networks (ANNs) as generators of future scenarios, with emphasis on the ability to reproduce the statistics of flows related to drought and storage. The artificial neural network model has two components: deterministic and random. The second part of the model incorporates the uncertainty associated with the hydrological processes. The model is applied to the monthly inflows of Mula irrigation project in Maharashtra, India. A comparison of drought and storage among other statistics was made between the performance of the ANN-based model results and the results of the Thomas–Fiering models. The results show that ANN is a promising alternative modelling approach for flow simulation purposes, with interesting potential in the context of water resources systems management and optimization.
Comparison between magnetic ion exchange resin-ultrafiltration and enhanced coagulation–filtration for the treatment of an NOM loaded surface water
Authors: Cromphout J. , Verdickt L. , Martin E. , Vanhoucke R. , Vanhullebusch T.
Published: January 2009

The raw water of the waterworks in Kluizen contains high levels of NOM and alkalinity. The current treatment concept comprises enhanced coagulation followed by sludge blanket clarification, filtration, ozonation and Granular Activated Carbon filtration (GAC). A final disinfection with chlorine is applied. The enhanced coagulation, applied to achieve maximum NOM removal, requires a lot of chemicals and produces a lot of solid waste. In spite of this, the treated water still has a relatively high TOC content, resulting in a limited biostability. This disadvantage incited VMW to investigate an alternative treatment scheme consisting of magnetic ion exchange resin, ultrafiltration, ozonation, GAC filtration and chlorine disinfection. The alternative treatment scheme was operated over a two-year period in a pilot plant with a capacity of 50 m3/h, and its results with respect to water quality, chemical demand and operational costs were compared with those of the full-scale plant. The pilot treatment gives rise to an improved removal of NOM, which can be attributed mainly to the magnetic ion exchange resin process. This was shown to have a beneficial effect on both the biostability of the treated water and on the formation of disinfection by-products. The costs associated with the magnetic ion exchange resin process, which can be attributed mainly to resin loss and regeneration, are counterbalanced by cost savings due to lower chemical demand and solid waste formation.
Processes for enhanced NOM removal: beyond Fe and Al coagulation
Authors: Jarvis Peter , Banks Jenny , Molinder Roger , Stephenson Tom , Parsons Simon A. , Jefferson Bruce
Published: January 2009

Source waters containing high concentrations of natural organic matter (NOM) have conventionally been treated using metal salts (normally Fe3 +  and Al3 +  based products). The main reason for NOM removal in potable water production is to prevent disinfection by-products (DBPs) from forming during disinfection processes. Using a common water source containing up to 15 mg L−1 dissolved organic carbon (DOC), NOM removal was assessed using 1) advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) (ultra-violet light/hydrogen peroxide (UV/H2O2) and Fenton's reagent (FR)); 2) a novel coagulant ZrCoag® (Zr4 + ); and, 3) ion-exchange (magnetic ion-exchange resin, MIEX®) combined with coagulation at reduced coagulant doses. These results were compared with optimised conventional coagulation using ferric sulphate (Fe). High levels of NOM removal were achievable, with between 7–11% increased DOC removal for the advanced treatments over coagulation with Fe3 + . The formation of DBPs (trihalomethanes) for the treatment systems were compared. There were also significant differences in the properties of the floc formed for the different treatment systems. Flocs formed after coagulation following pre-treatment with magnetic resin and coagulation using Zr4 +  resulted in significantly larger flocs compared with Fe3 +  coagulation by 37 and 27% respectively. Flocs formed using FR were smaller than Fe3 +  coagulant flocs by 28%. The paper discusses the practical implications of using the different advanced treatment processes to achieve incremental increases in overall NOM removal when compared with conventional coagulation.
Youth Bulges, Busts, and Doing Business in Violence-Prone Nations
Authors: Marcus Alfred A. , Islam Mazhar , Moloney John
Published: January 2009

To ascertain whether youth bulges are related to violent conflict and whether violent conflict falls off when youth bulges are followed by busts, we analyzed data from 1998–2005 covering 127 nations. Controlling for variables representing such factors as socio-development, macroeconomics, technology advancement, government capacity, and geo-politics, we find that youth bulges are related to violent conflict, but when youth bulges are followed by busts violent conflict grows rather than diminishes contrary to the prediction we make. From this analysis, we draw implications for further research and analysis with regard to doing business in violence-prone nations.
Influence of Different Primer Application Times On Bond Strength of Self-etching Adhesive Systems to Unground Enamel
Authors: Britta L. C. , Martins M. , França F. M. G.
Published: January 2009

Clinical Relevance

An increase in application time of acid primer does not improve the bonding of self-etching adhesive systems to unground enamel.
Effect of LED Light-curing on the Relative Hardness of Tooth-colored Restorative Materials
Authors: Mobarak E. , Elsayad I. , Ibrahim M. , El-Badrawy W.
Published: January 2009

Clinical Relevance

The use of high intensity LED curing units will result in the polymerization of tooth-colored restoratives using shorter times.
A New Approach to Multiple Fault Diagnosis: A Combination of Diagnostic Matrices, Graphs, Algebraic and Rule-Based Models. The Case of Two-Layer Models
Authors: Ligęza Antoni , Kościelny Jan
Published: January 2009

A New Approach to Multiple Fault Diagnosis: A Combination of Diagnostic Matrices, Graphs, Algebraic and Rule-Based Models. The Case of Two-Layer Models

The diagnosis of multiple faults is significantly more difficult than singular fault diagnosis. However, in realistic industrial systems the possibility of simultaneous occurrence of multiple faults must be taken into account. This paper investigates some of the limitations of the diagnostic model based on the simple binary diagnostic matrix in the case of multiple faults. Several possible interpretations of the diagnostic matrix with rule-based systems are provided and analyzed. A proposal of an extension of the basic, single-level model based on diagnostic matrices to a two-level one, founded on causal analysis and incorporating an OR and an AND matrix is put forward. An approach to the diagnosis of multiple faults based on inconsistency analysis is outlined, and a refinement procedure using a qualitative model of dependencies among system variables is sketched out.
Actuator Fault Tolerance in Control Systems with Predictive Constrained Set-Point Optimizers
Authors: Marusak Piotr , Tatjewski Piotr
Published: January 2009

Actuator Fault Tolerance in Control Systems with Predictive Constrained Set-Point Optimizers

Mechanisms of fault tolerance to actuator faults in a control structure with a predictive constrained set-point optimizer are proposed. The structure considered consists of a basic feedback control layer and a local supervisory set-point optimizer which executes as frequently as the feedback controllers do with the aim to recalculate the set-points both for constraint feasibility and economic performance. The main goal of the presented reconfiguration mechanisms activated in response to an actuator blockade is to continue the operation of the control system with the fault, until it is fixed. This may be even long-term, if additional manipulated variables are available. The mechanisms are relatively simple and consist in the reconfiguration of the model structure and the introduction of appropriate constraints into the optimization problem of the optimizer, thus not affecting the numerical effectiveness. Simulation results of the presented control system for a multivariable plant are provided, illustrating the efficiency of the proposed approach.
Decomposition Of The Symptom Observation Matrix And Grey Forecasting In Vibration Condition Monitoring Of Machines
Authors: Cempel Czesław
Published: January 2009

Decomposition Of The Symptom Observation Matrix And Grey Forecasting In Vibration Condition Monitoring Of Machines

With the tools of modern metrology we can measure almost all variables in the phenomenon field of a working machine, and many of the measured quantities can be symptoms of machine conditions. On this basis, we can form a symptom observation matrix (SOM) intended for condition monitoring and wear trend (fault) identification. On the other hand, we know that contemporary complex machines may have many modes of failure, called faults. The paper presents a method of the extraction of the information about faults from the symptom observation matrix by means of singular value decomposition (SVD), in the form of generalized fault symptoms. As the readings of the symptoms can be unstable, the moving average of the SOM is applied with success. An attempt to assess the diagnostic contribution of a primary symptom is made, and also an approach to assess the symptom limit value and to connect the SVD methodology with neural nets is considered. Finally, a condition forecasting problem is discussed and an application of grey system theory (GST) to symptom prognosis is presented. These possibilities are illustrated by processing data taken directly from the machine vibration condition monitoring area.
Cyanobacterial hepatotoxins, microcystins and nodularins, in fresh and brackish waters of the Pomeranian Province, northern Poland
Authors: Mazur-Marzec Hanna , Spoof Lisa , Kobos Justyna , Pliński Marcin , Meriluoto Jussi
Published: January 2009

Microcystins (MCs) and structurally related nodularins (NODs) are hepatotoxic cyclic peptides produced by bloom-forming cyanobacteria. These toxins have been implicated in the deaths of wild and domestic animals as well as in incidents of human illness. Cyanobacterial toxins occurring in the fresh and brackish waters of the Pomeranian Province, northern Poland were characterized in this study. Water samples collected from seven lakes in August and September 2005 were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and protein phosphatase inhibition assay (PPIA). Cyanobacterial toxins present in field samples and in an isolated strain of Planktothrix agardhii were also characterized by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). In most of the fresh water samples MC-LR, MC-RR and MC-YR dominated. In the lakes where P. agardhii was most abundant demethylated microcystin variants tentatively identified as [D-Asp3]MC-LR, [D-Asp3]MC-YR and [D-Asp3]MC-RR, were found. Total concentrations of the toxins measured by HPLC ranged from 0.1 μg 1-1 to 305.4 μg 1-1. Nodularia spumigena bloom samples were collected from brackish waters of the Gulf of Gdańsk, southern Baltic, and LC-ISP-MS/MS of extract from these revealed the presence of two geometrical isomers of linear nodularin and nodularin variant with aspartic acid methyl ester [MeAsp1(OMe)]NOD.
Katja — the 24th week of virtual pregnancy for dosimetric calculations
Authors: Becker Janine , Zankl Maria , Fill Ute , Hoeschen Christoph
Published: January 2009

Katja — the 24th week of virtual pregnancy for dosimetric calculations

Virtual human models, a.k.a. voxel models, are currently the state of the art in radiation protection for computing organ irradiation doses without difficult or morally unfeasible experiments. They are based on medical image data of human patients and offer a realistic, three dimensional representation of human anatomy.

We present our newest voxel model Katja, a virtual woman in the 24th week of pregnancy. Katja integrates two previous voxel models, one obtained from the abdominal MRI scan of a pregnant patient and an already segmented model of a non-pregnant woman. The latter is the ICRP-AF, fitting the reference values for standard height, weight and organ masses given by the Internationals Committee of Radiological Protection (ICRP). The dataset was altered in order to fit the segmented foetus taken from the abdominal MRI scan. The resulting pregnant woman model, Katja, complies with the ICRP reference values for the adult female.
The Effect of Organic Amendments from Brassicaceae and Solanaceae Plants and Trichoderma harzianum on the Development of Verticillium dahliae Kleb.
Authors: Smolińska Urszula , Kowalska Beata
Published: January 2009

The Effect of Organic Amendments from Brassicaceae and Solanaceae Plants and Trichoderma harzianum on the Development of Verticillium dahliae Kleb.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of plant material from Brassicaceae and Solanaceae plants, containing biologically active compounds, and antagonistic microorganisms on survival of microsclerotia and development of Verticillium wilt of eggplant. Water extracts from tomato and rapeseed plants added to the agar media showed negative effect on the development of fungus Verticillium dahliae. The most toxic effect was observed for the fresh extract from tomato green parts. The pasteurization or sterilization of extracts in an autoclave decreased their detrimental effect. The addition of water extracts from rapeseed and tomato plants also hampered growth of mycelia and development of V. dahliae microsclerotia on Czapek-Dox medium with cellophane. The addition of rapeseed meal, water extracts from rapeseed meal or tomato plants, significantly decreased number of V. dahliae propagules in the soil. Also, the inoculation of soil with antagonistic fungus Trichoderma harzianum strain PBG decreased population of V. dahliae in soil samples. The plant material and T. harzianum strain PBG had positive effect on the growth and yield of eggplants in the soil infested with microsclerotia of V. dahliae. However, the most beneficial effect exerted fumigation of the infested soil with Nemazin 97 XX (97% dazomet), used in this experiment as a reference treatment.
The Influence of Spinosad and Azadirachtin on Beneficial Fauna Naturally Occurring on Cabbage Crops
Authors: Nawrocka Bożenna
Published: January 2009

The Influence of Spinosad and Azadirachtin on Beneficial Fauna Naturally Occurring on Cabbage Crops

The influence of spinosad (SpinTor 480 SC) and azadirachtin (Neem Azal T/S) on beneficial fauna naturally occurring on cabbage crops was evaluated in field experiments conducted in years 2004-2006. The insecticides were applied as a plant spray in field recommended dosages i.e. 96 g of active ingredient (a.i.) per ha for spinosad and 24 ml a.i. per ha for azadirachtin. The effect of direct contact of larva or adult of Coccinellidae ssp., Syrphidae spp. and Chrysopidae ssp. and the percentage of cabbage aphid parasited by Diaeretiella rapae M'Intosh with residues on leaves were observed on the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 21st day after treatment. The results obtained in conducted experiments indicated that there was no influence of two tested insecticides on the reduction of above mentioned groups of predators and parasite. The number of beneficial fauna occurring on treated cabbage plants was similar to those present on control plots.
Yielding and Fruit Quality of Three Sweet Pepper Cultivars from Organic and Conventional Cultivation
Authors: Szafirowska Anna , Elkner Krystyna
Published: January 2009

Yielding and Fruit Quality of Three Sweet Pepper Cultivars from Organic and Conventional Cultivation

The investigations were undertaken to study the effect of cultivar and growing system (organic vs. conventional) on sweet pepper (Capsicum annum L.) yielding, fruit morphology and antioxidants content.

Two hybrids Caryca and Roberta and one open pollinated cultivar Mercedes all of the Polish origin were compared during 2007 and 2008 in the field experiments. Conventional production was based on mineral fertilization and chemical plant protection, while organic relied on compost fertilization and stabilized ecosystem with no chemical used according to EU Regulation 2092/91 for organic farming. The results revealed a good response of bell pepper to organic cultivation system. Marketable fruit yield was higher and morphological characters better from organic cultivation. The content of human health beneficial compounds such as acsorbic acid, total flavonoids, soluble phenols and beta- carotene were investigated at the red stage of fruit maturity. Both the cultivar and growing method influenced the level of examined compounds. Pepper fruits obtained from organic cultivation system comprised higher amount of vitamin C, beta-carotene total flavonoids and polyphenols than from the conventional. Roberta F1 revealed the higher content of vitamin C, beta-carotene than Caryca F1 and Mercedes. Moreover cultivar Roberta F1 demonstrated the highest level of polyphenols in both cultivation systems.
Effect of Long Term Storage on Some Nutritive Components and Isothiocyanates Content in Roots of Two Horseradish Types
Authors: Kosson Ryszard , Horbowicz Marcin
Published: January 2009

Effect of Long Term Storage on Some Nutritive Components and Isothiocyanates Content in Roots of Two Horseradish Types

During two-years experiments the effect of long-term storage in cold room (0-1°C) on content of some nutritive constituents including isothiocyanates (ITC) in horseradish roots cultivated in Poland and Hungary was studied. Freshly harvested roots of Polish horseradish contained higher content of analyzed allyl- and phenylethyl-isothiocyantes (AITC and PEITC) in comparison to horseradish of Hungarian origin. Level of both ITCs affect the hot taste of horseradish products, so it seems that roots of Polish horseradish are more suitable for such production. During long-term storage in cold room variation of content of both isothicyanates were observed, but mean level of the pungent compounds: AITC and PEITC, remained relatively high, what is important for processing of the vegetable, and quality of products. During long term storage of both horseradish roots types in cold room the significant decline of ascorbic acid content was noted, but after 10 months storage period its level was still high.
Appraisal of suspended sediment concentration on reference level according to van Rijn's method
Authors: Michalec Bogusław
Published: January 2009

Appraisal of suspended sediment concentration on reference level according to van Rijn's method

Appraisal of suspended sediment concentration on reference level according to van Rijn's method. The paper presents the results of sediment concentration measurements in the River Dłubnia at differentiated discharges of 0.44 m-3·s-1, 1.96 m-3·s-1 and 7.41 m-3·s-1. The elaborated concentration profiles based on hydrometric measurements permitted determination of Ca concentration on reference level "a" above the bed. The obtained reference concentrations were compared with the values obtained from calculations by use of van Rijn's formula. It was found that the calculated Ca concentration, applying the van Rijn's formula, is over five times higher than determined from concentration profiles. In order to obtain Ca concentration values, calculated by use of the empiric formula, approximate to real values coefficient correction must be determined. The elaborated preliminary estimation of the possibility of van Rijn's formula application for determination of this concentration on the reference level "a" above the bed showed that application of this method for appraisal of Ca concentration, by use van Rijn's formula, performed in the Dłubnia river of the catchment of the Upper Vistula river may be charged by errors. A faulty calculation of suspension sediment transport applying van Rijn's method may also point to it. Adoption of this method needs further verification and adaptation.
The use of dilatometer test for the determination of undrained shear strength in organic soils
Authors: Rabarijoely Simon
Published: January 2009

The use of dilatometer test for the determination of undrained shear strength in organic soils

The use of dilatometer test for the determination of undrained shear strength in organic soils. In engineering practice the empirical correlations or charts are often use to determine soil properties for design calculations. The DMT tests results are analysed on the basis of the empirical formulas proposed by Marchetti (1980). In this paper the new chart to determine the τfu of organic mud was proposed. The chart presents the relationships between dilatometer readings (p0 - u0), (p1 - u0), σ'v0 and τfu. The chart will be helpful in geotechnical design of embankments constructed on organic subsoil.
Evaluation of nonwoven geotextile as a filtration layer for internally unstable soils
Authors: Wojtasik Dariusz
Published: January 2009

Evaluation of nonwoven geotextile as a filtration layer for internally unstable soils

Evaluation of nonwoven geotextile as a filtration layer for internally unstable soil. This paper presents the laboratory tested results evaluating the performance of three nonwoven geotextile material used as filtration layer to protect for three internally unstable soils. Test research was performed in apparatus ASTM-D-5101 (1990) which was modified through installed additional piezometers in distance 4 mm and 8 mm above geotextile material tested. Applied piezometers ensure measurements pressure in layer of soil situated near fabric. Laboratory test were performed for total hydraulic gradient in range i = 1 to 10. Base on the test result the relationship for the evaluation of the change soil gradient ratio (soil layers 17 and 4 mm above the geotextile) is proposed.
Teaching Mathematics for Understanding: An Analysis of Lessons Submitted by Teachers Seeking NBPTS Certification
Authors: Silver Edward A. , Mesa Vilma M. , Morris Katherine A. , Star Jon R. , Benken Babette M.
Published: January 2009

The authors present an analysis of portfolio entries submitted by candidates seeking certification by the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards in the area of Early Adolescence/Mathematics. Analyses of mathematical features revealed that the tasks used in instruction included a range of mathematics topics but were not consistently intellectually challenging. Analyses of key pedagogical features of the lesson materials showed that tasks involved hands-on activities or real-world contexts and technology but rarely required students to provide explanations or demonstrate mathematical reasoning. The findings suggest that, even in lessons that teachers selected for display as best practice examples of teaching for understanding, innovative pedagogical approaches were not systematically used in ways that supported students’ engagement with cognitively demanding mathematical tasks.
Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) Levels in Different Grades of Protein Energy Malnutrition
Authors: Chowdhury Md Serajul Islam , Rahman ABM Ziaur , Haque Mahmudul , Nahar Nazibun , Taher Abu
Published: January 2009

The present study was designed to analyze serum AST, ALT levels in different grades of protein energy malnutrition to facilitate early diagnosis, management and rehabilitation of PEM. The serum AST and ALT levels of 50 children of aged 5months to 5 years of both sexes were studied. Among them, 30 children suffering from protein energy malnutrition of 3 different grades were selected for experimental group. Age and sex matched 20 apparently healthy children with no systemic disorder and with weight/height ratio greater than 80% were included in control group. Serum AST and ALT levels were measured by kinetic ultraviolet method according to International Federation of Clinical Chemistry. Data were analyzed statistically by un-paired student 't' test. Mean Serum AST and ALT levels of different grades of protein energy malnutrition were significantly higher (p<0.001) than that of control. Values of mean serum AST and ALT levels were highest in grade-I PEM and it were significantly higher (p<0.001) than both grade-II and grade-III. Again mean serum AST and ALT levels were significantly higher (p<0.001) in grade-II PEM than that of grade-III PEM. The elevated levels of serum AST and ALT is due to tissue break down and hepatobiliary disorder. The results of this study indicate that serum ALT and AST levels are increased in PEM which varies according to its severity. Key Words: Aminotranserase; Malnutrition; Protein  DOI:10.3329/jbsp.v2i0.978 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2007 Dec;(2): 17-19.
Doctors Vision Regarding Undergraduate Medical Curriculum of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md Mohidur , Rahman Shafiqur , Begum Noorzahan , Asaduzzaman AKM , Firoz Ahmed , Shahjahan Md , Metul Morshida Sikder , Nabi Chawdhury Md Golam
Published: January 2009

This study was done to identify the lacking in conducting MBBS course-curriculum of Bangladesh. For this purpose a descriptive survey was done among 30 MBBS doctors (Passed within 10 years) of Faridpur district. No internship doctors were included. Self-administered unstructured questionnaire was supplied to them and qualitative analysis of data was done. Majority doctors dissatisfied with (i) Gaining knowledge and skill (ii) Environment of medical colleges (iii) Teaching method (iv) Less MCQ (v) Existing viva-voce (vi) Library facilities (vi) Less clinical symposium. Key Words: Under Graduate; Medical Education; Curriculum; Doctor; Bangladesh   DOI:10.3329/jbsp.v2i0.986 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2007 Dec;(2): 54-59.
Evaluation of FVC, FEV1, FEV1/ FVC % in Patients with Chronic Arsenicosis
Authors: Habiba Taseen , Begum Noorzahan , Begum Shelina , Ferdousi Sultana , Ali Taskina
Published: January 2009

Background: Arsenic toxicity from ground water contamination is highly focused public health problem in Bangladesh. Consumption of arsenic contaminated water may be associated with respiratory symptoms and can decrease lung functions along with skin lesion. Proper investigation of this problem is crucial to prevent respiratory complications in these arsenic vulnerable populations. Objectives: FVC, FEV1, FEV1/ FVC % were studied in chronic arsenicosis patients with skin lesion from arsenic exposed area to observe their lung function status. In addition, correlations of these lung function parameters with arsenic concentration in drinking water and duration of consumption were also studied in this group of population. Study design: For this, total 80 subjects age ranged from 20-50 years of both sexes were included. Among them 40 were patients of chronic arsenicosis with skin lesion and were taken in study group and age and sex matched 40 apparently healthy subjects residing in the same arsenic contaminated area but without skin lesion, were designated as control group. Methods: This study was carried out in the department of Physiology, BSMMU from July 2005 to June 2006. FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC % were measured by Digital Spirometer. Arsenic level of the tubewell water was determined by Hybrid Generation Atomic Absorbance Spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed statistically by Chi- square test, Student's unpaired "t" test and Pearson's correlation coefficient test as applicable. Results: The mean percentage of predicted values of FVC, FEV1 in exposed non-arsenicosis subjects were within normal ranges. Again they were significantly lower in chronic arsenicosis patients. There was no significant difference in FEV1/FVC% between the two groups. FVC and FEV1 were negatively correlated with arsenic concentration in tube well water in both groups. But FEV1/FVC% was negatively correlated in exposed nonarsenicosis subjects and positively correlated in arsenicosis patients. Again, with duration of consumption of arsenic contaminated tube well water, FVC was positively and FEV1/FVC% was negatively correlated in both exposed non arsenicosis and chronic arsenicosis patients. But FEV1 was negatively correlated in non arsenicosis and positively correlated in chronic arsenicosis patients. But all the relationships were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Therefore, the result of the present study reveals that arsenicosis patients are suffering from respiratory insufficiency. In addition, populations consuming higher arsenic concentration in drinking water are at the risk of lung function impairment and ultimately may lead to respiratory disorder. Key words: FVC, FEV1, Arsenicosis. Â  doi: 10.3329/jbsp.v3i0.1792 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol.2008 Dec;(3):35-41.
Recurrent Scar Endometriosis in A Young Lady of 23 Years
Authors: Siddiquee Fayela Subrun , Sen Shila , Rahman Md Mahbubur
Published: January 2009

A young lady of 23 years was admitted in the Gynaecology & Obstetrics department of the Community Based Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh with sensation of irregular fixed mass in left side of lower anterior abdominal wall in and around her previous scar for 01 year and periodic pain in that mass for 8 months during menstruation. Some times she felt colicky pain in lower and umbilical region, not related with menstruation. This lady was married for 6 years and para - 01 (still birth) and delivery was done by lower uterine caesarean section 4Â½ years back, and developed such mass for a few months after lower uterine caesarean section. This mass was excised 3Â½ years back. On the basis of history , clinical findings, ultra sonongrphic finding and histopathological report, this case was diagnosed as scar endometriosis. She was also getting post operatively synthetic androgen for 6 months (400 mg daily). She again developed that mass 01 year after operation. Now she is almost free from pelvic pain by using synthetic androgen (Denazol) and is advised for pregnancy with assisted by reproductive technology. All current therapies offer relief but cannot assure cure of recurrent scar endometriosis. Even after definitive surgery, endometriosis may recur. Definitive surgical treatment followed by long term oestrogen therapy yields better results. However the future treatment options should greatly improved upon what is offered now. Key Words: Endometriosis; scar; pelvis; pain Â Â  doi: 10.3329/jbsp.v3i0.1804 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol.2008 Dec;(3):85-89.
Good Hospital Pharmacy Practices for Better Health Care of People
Authors: Ahmed Feroz Uddin
Published: January 2009

doi:10:3329/sjps.v1i1.1778S. J. Pharm. Sci. 1(1&2): 1-2
Evaluation of Aceclofenac Loaded Agarose Beads Prepared by Ionotropic Gelation Method
Authors: Yesmin Farhana , Talukder Md Mesbah Uddin , Islam Muhammad Shahidul , Laila Susmita , Haque Tasnuva
Published: January 2009

Aceclofenac loaded agarose beads were prepared by ionotropic gelation method and drug release profile, swelling index (SI %) and entrapping efficiency (EE %) of aceclofenac were investigated. The drug was dissolved in melted 4 % agar solution in different ratios. Beads were prepared by dropping the hot aqueous solution into a beaker of different percentages of chilled CaCl2 solution followed by filtering the solution and drying at room temperature. The entrapment efficiency was 100Â±5 %. The swelling index was found to be highest (18.22 % in 4 hours) for beads containing aceclofenac-agar (1:2) in 4 % electrolyte solutions and the swelling property was decreased with increasing electrolyte concentration. In vitro dissolution of beads was carried out in USP apparatus-II (paddle method) at 75 rpm. The drug release was measured by using UV-Spectrophotometer at Î»max of 268 nm for acid media and 274 nm for buffer media. The dissolution data were treated with zero order, first order and Higuchi model. Half of the formulations were fitted to Higuchi model and rest half to first order model. Finally it can be concluded that with the increasing polymer (agar) concentration, the release rate of aceclofenac was decreased and swelling index was increased and with the increasing electrolyte concentration, the release rate was increased and swelling index was decreased. Key Words: Aceclofenac, Agarose bead, Electrolyte, Ionotropic Gelation method. Â  doi:10.3329/sjps.v1i1.1780 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 1(1&2):10-17
In Vitro Nitric Oxide Scavenging Activity of Ethanol Leaf Extracts of Four Bangladeshi Medicinal Plants
Authors: Saha Moni Rani , Jahangir Rumana , Vhuiyan Md Mynol Islam , Biva Israt Jahan
Published: January 2009

The ethanol leaf extracts of four medicinal plants named Hibiscus mutabilis, Leucas aspera, Ixora coccinea and Polyalthia longifolia were examined for their possible regulatory effect on nitric oxide (NO) levels using sodium nitroprusside as a NO donor in vitro. Most of the extracts tested demonstrated direct scavenging of NO and exhibited significant activity and the potency of scavenging activity was in the following order: Leucas aspera > Ixora coccinea > Hibiscus mutabilis> Polyalthia longifolia. All the evaluated extracts exhibited a dose-dependent NO scavenging activity. The ethanolic leaf extract of Leucas aspera showed the greatest NO scavenging effect of 80.50% at 320 Î¼g/ml with IC50 value of 94.15 Î¼g/ml as compared to the positive control ascorbic acid where 74.56 % scavenging was observed at similar concentration with IC50 value of 62.48 Î¼g/mL. The maximum NO scavenging of Ixora coccinea, Hibiscus mutabilis and Polyalthia longifolia were 79.65 %, 78.60% and 70.67 % with IC50 values of 43.72 Î¼g/ml, 147.64 Î¼g/ml and 167.08 Î¼g/ml respectively. The present results suggest that these plants might be potent and novel therapeutic agents for scavenging of NO and the regulation of pathological conditions caused by excessive generation of NO and its oxidation product. Keywords: Nitric oxide scavenging activity, Antioxidant study, Active nitrogen species. Â  doi:10.3329/sjps.v1i1.1809 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 1(1&2): 57-62
Governance from below: contesting corporate environmentalism in Durban, South Africa
Authors: Van Alstine James
Published: January 2009

Multinational corporations (MNCs) operating in developing countries face increasing social and environmental risk. Previous work on how MNCs seek to mitigate these risks has often failed to recognize the complexity and interaction between international, home and host country governance mechanisms. Here, however, changes in corporate environmental behaviour at the site level are evaluated in terms of the dynamics of local and cross‐scale institutionalization processes. The subject of the paper is the contestation of industrial pollution at Shell's Sapref oil refinery in Durban, South Africa. Using a novel research design, institutional and organizational theory is combined with social network analysis to explore how and why Sapref's environmental performance has changed over time. The analysis highlights mechanisms of institutional change and how MNC environmental performance can be contested and constructed from the bottom up, thus calling into question the effectiveness of the global environmental governance processes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Computer application in solving statically determinate truss problems using FEA and Matlab
Authors: Zhao Jiaxin
Published: January 2009

Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is a very powerful tool that is used in virtually every area in the field of Mechanical Engineering and many other disciplines. It is beneficial for the mechanical engineering students to have exposure to this tool as early as possible and as frequently as possible in their engineering education. The earliest time comes when the students are taught the truss problems in Statics. However, the traditional finite element formulation uses the displacement as the solution variable, and the deformation theory is generally not covered in a traditional Statics course. In this article, a MATLAB computer model of FEA solution for truss problems is presented. Finite element formulations for truss problems with the solution variables being the forces inside the truss members and the reaction forces at the fixed and sliding joints are presented step by step. The property of the final assembled coefficient matrix, with the boundary conditions applied, determines the truss problem at hand to be statically determinate or statically indeterminate. Using this approach, students in sophomore Statics course can be taught the FEA methodology, without knowing the deformation theory. The computer implementation using Matlab also strengthens the students' knowledge of the software that they learned in a freshman Computer Tools For Engineers class and their programming skills. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 17: 363–371, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20168
Social anxiety in adolescents: the effect of video feedback on anxiety and the self‐evaluation of performance
Authors: Parr Clare J. , Cartwright‐Hatton Sam
Published: January 2009

Background: A negative self‐generated image is thought to play a role in the development and maintenance of social anxiety. Video feedback (VF) is an effective therapeutic technique for correcting this distorted image with adults during stressful social tasks. This study investigated the effectiveness of VF with adolescents. Method: Thirty‐six highly socially anxious adolescents (13 to 17‐year‐olds) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: VF or no VF. Both groups gave two brief speeches to a video camera. Self‐rated measures of anticipatory anxiety, predicted performance and actual performance during the speeches were completed at several time points. The speeches were also rated by two independent observers. Results: Adolescents who received VF, in comparison with control participants, developed more positive appraisals of their performance during the first speech. Predictions of their performance on the second speech also improved, and a reduction in state anxiety was observed. Furthermore, a more positive appraisal of performance was generalized to the second speech. The independent observers could not distinguish between the participants who received VF and those who did not. Conclusions: When used with socially anxious adolescents, VF may be a beneficial therapeutic technique in correcting a distorted self‐perception of performance, reducing anxiety prior to entering a stressful social task and enhancing predictions of performance for future tasks. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.