bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forms of protection of interests in family law
Authors: Khodak Svitlana
Published: June 2021

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to determine the forms of protection of interests in family law. It is also necessary to disclose the features of forms of protection of interests in family law, and consideration of jurisdictional and non-jurisdictional forms of their protection. Methodology. Among the philosophical, general and special scientific methods used such as is the technical and legal method, which is used in the study of methods and forms of protection of interests in family law. Scientific novelty is that the article states that under the form of protection of interests in Family law should be understood as an internally agreed set of family law-based organizational and other measures carried out within a single type of procedures, agreed on a common goal, aimed at preventing, terminating violations and restoring them, by a special jurisdiction The study further developed the provision that the list of ways to protect family interests should go beyond the Family Code, be open, which determines the possibility of their protection in other ways not prohibited by law. Under the jurisdictional form of protection of interests in family law means e activity of the bodies authorized by the state on protection of family rights and interests of participants of family relations. The bodies that provide such protection include: the court, guardianship authorities, notary and prosecutor. The universality of the judicial form of protection of interests in family law is substantiated. At the same time, an approach has been adopted, according to which not only the violated interest is subject to protection, but also such an interest, which has not been violated at the time of protection in order to prevent violation. A non-jurisdictional form of protection of family interests is a factual action that a subject of family law commits to protect his or her own interest or the interest of another person without recourse to the relevant jurisdictions. Results. The author singles out two ways of exercising the right to self-defense of interest in family law: 1) self-defense of one's interest; 2) self-defense of another person's interest. The article proves the effectiveness of mediation as a jurisdictional form of protection of family interests. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in lawmaking to improve legislation in the field of legal regulation of the category of interest; in the educational process - in the development of textbooks, teaching materials on the subject "Family Law of Ukraine".
Psychological and legal features of resocialization of convicted persons
Authors: Romanova A.
Published: June 2021

Purpose. The aim of the article is to analyze the elements of resocialization of convicted persons, methods of influencing the process of formation of law-abiding behavior for life at large, as well as psychological and legal factors influencing the process of adaptation of convicted persons to lawful self- actualization at liberty. Methodology. The methodology includes a comprehensive analysis and generalization of available scientific and theoretical material and the formulation of relevant conclusions and recommendations. Such methods of scientific cognition as terminological, system-structural, dialectical, comparative, logical-normative, and logical-semantic were used during the research. Results. In the course of the research, it is stated that resocialization of convicted persons is a continuous process aimed at the conscious restoration of the convict in the social status of a full member of society, which is hindered by socio-psychological deviations of legal awareness of the convict and society, the immediate environment of the person serving sentences. Resocialization of convicted persons should take place based on the respect for human rights and freedoms, in accordance with the principles of human dignity, as well as domestic and international normative and legal acts. Scientific novelty. In the course of the research, it is established that a full-fledged, effective process of resocialization should be aimed at correcting the distorted legal consciousness, lawful social and normative formation of a person in society, as well as preventing the negative consequences of forced isolation from society. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in law-making to improve the current legislation and bring it closer to European standards in order to enrich the universal values that constitute the content of the requirements of natural law, as well as to increase the effectiveness of legal regulation of public relations through the enshrinement of guarantees for the implementation, provision and protection of human rights and freedoms in the current legislation.
Civil society participation in the legislative process
Authors: Lesko Natalia
Published: June 2021

Purpose. The aim of the article is to analyze the participation of civil society in the legislative process. Method. The methodology includes a comprehensive analysis and generalization of available scientific and theoretical material and formulation of relevant conclusions. During the research, the methods of scientific cognition were used: comparative-legal, logical-semantic, functional, system-structural, and logical-normative. Results. In the course of the research, it was recognized that one of the key ways of interaction between the state and civil society is the participation of citizens in the legislative activity of the parliament. The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, as a representative body aimed at protecting the interests of citizens, can promote more active public involvement in its activities. The examples of the European Union countries show that there are many different forms and ways of such participation at different levels of interaction. The presented methods allow determining the general model of citizen participation in the work of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Forms of public participation in the activities of the parliament are revealed: informing, consulting and dialogue. Citizens’ participation in decision-making is a complex and complex process that takes place under the influence of various factors. Due to the incomplete process of reforming the political system of the country, the system of forms and methods of citizen participation in the decision-making process are in the process of formation and constant transformation. Scientific novelty. The study found that the formation of a model of citizen participation and civil society institutions in the legislative process should reflect the institutional mechanisms of public participation and the integration of civil society structures in the main activities of parliament. Practical significance. The applied value of the research is determined by the fact that the scientific results create a basis for improving the legislation on the participation of civil society institutions in the legislative process.
Вплив акцентуацій характеру на агресивну поведінку підлітків
Authors: Михайлишин Уляна , Ільїна Валентина
Published: June 2021

У статті розглянуто психологічні особливості впливу акцентуацій характеру на агресивну поведінку підлітків.
Представлено та проаналізовано результати емпіричного дослідження впливу акцентуацій характеру на агресивну поведінку підлітків з подальшою статистичною обробкою даних.
Методи: при дослідженні використано методи математичної статистики (кореляційний аналіз за Пірсоном) та наступні психодіагностичні методики: методика на визначення акцентуацій характеру (Г. Шмішек), ПДО, методика на визначення агресивності (Л.Г. Почебут), методика «Агресивна поведінка» (Є.П. Ільїн, П.А. Ковальов).
Результати. У результаті теоретико-методологічного дослідження акцентуацій характеру та агресивної поведінки підлітків з’ясовано, що акцентуації характеру визначаються як крайні варіанти норми, при яких окремі риси характеру надмірно виражені. Підлітковий вік є періодом становлення характеру, у цей час формується більшість характерологічних типів. Саме у цьому віці різні типологічні варіанти норми («акцентуації характеру») виступають найбільш яскраво, тому що риси характеру ще не згладжені й не скомпенсовані життєвим досвідом.
Зазначено, що акцентуації характеру можуть впливати на агресивну поведінку у підлітковому віці. Встановлено, що єдиного загальноприйнятого значення терміну «агресія» немає, але в найзагальнішому вигляді його можна визначити, як нанесення будь-якої шкоди, психологічної або фізичної, іншому об’єкту або предмету.
Таким чином, у період становлення характеру, що відбувається в підлітковому віці, його типологічні особливості, які були ще згладжені і завуальовані життєвим досвідом, виявляються настільки яскраво, що іноді нагадують психопатії, тобто патологічні аномалії характеру та можуть спричиняти прояву агресивності.
Подано методики емпіричного дослідження акцентуацій характеру та агресивної поведінки підлітків.
У результаті емпіричного дослідження та кореляційного аналізу зʼясовано вплив акцентуцій характеру на агресивну поведінку у підлітковому віці, а саме, для осіб з гіпертимним, дистимічним, психостенічним, шизоїдним та конформним типом акцентуацій характеру не властиві прояви агресивності та ворожості. Для даних осіб не характерні спалахи гніву, фізичної, вербальної агресії.
Особи, у яких спостерігаються емотивний, застрягаючий, екзальтований, демонстративний, неврівноважений, астено-невротичний, епілептоїдний, істероїдний та нестійкий типи акцентуацій характеру, схильні до проявів ворожості та агресивності, зокрема до спалахів гніву, фізичної та вербальної агресії.
Висновки: у результаті кореляційного аналізу встановлено, що між акцентуаціями характеру та агресивною поведінкою існує взаємозв’язок.
Ключові слова: акцентуації, агресивність, поведінка, характер, підлітковий вік.
Nebulization Practice and use of Antibiotic in the Treatment of Childhood Asthma at the Rural Area
Authors: Alam MD Shafiul , Yasmeen B H Nazma , Md Benzamin - , Haq Nadia , Hasan Md Shariful
Published: June 2021

Background : Management of childhood asthma is not optimum in our country especially at the community level.

Objectives : The study was conducted to see the nebulization practice in the management of moderate and sever acute asthma in children at the community level.

Methodology : This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in different private clinics and pharmacy of Daudkandi Upazila of Cumilla during the period of November 2017 to March 2018. Total 30 doctors’ diagnosed cases of acute exacerbation of moderate and severe asthma between 2-15 years of age were included in this study. Each patient’s treatment advice was followed up to see whether the use of nebulized Salbutamol and Antibiotic in the management of acute asthma was appropriate or not. All data were recorded in to a pretested proforma. Data were analyzed manually, and values were expressed as frequency and percentage.

Results : Among the cases 25 (83.33%) cases had moderate and 5 (16.67%) cases had severe exacerbation of asthma. For nebulization, salbutamol was used to all cases and ipratropium bromide was added to 11 (36.7%) cases. Nebulization frequency was as per national guideline but the ratio of salbutamol respiratory solution to normal saline was not appropriate in most of the cases. Antibiotic was given to all cases and among them parenteral Ceftriaxone was given to 22 (73.3%) cases.

Conclusion : Frequency of nebulization was appropriate but ratio of Salbutamol respiratory solution to normal saline was inappropriate. Antibiotic was given to all cases.

Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.11 (2) Jan 2020: 471-474
Korku Öğesi Bulunduran Reklamların Markaya ve Reklamın Güvenilirliğine Yönelik Tutum Üzerindeki Etkisinin Araştırılması
Authors: AYDIN İbrahim
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı televizyonda çıkan korku öğesi barındıran ve virüsten korunma temalı reklamların markaya yönelik ve reklamın güvenilirliğine yönelik tutum üzerinde meydana getirdiği etkileri araştırmaktır. Bu tür reklamlar ile karşılaşmış bireyler, araştırmanın hedef kitlesini oluşturmaktadır. İnternet üzerinden erişilen anket çalışmasına katılan 625 kişiden elde edilen verilerle araştırma yapılmıştır. Demografik özellikler çalışmanın bağımsız değişkenlerini oluşturmakta olup, bağımlı değişkenleri markaya ve reklamın güvenilirliğine yönelik tutumdur. Çalışmada korku öğesi bulunduran reklamların markaya yönelik ve reklamın güvenilirliğine yönelik tutumda bir farklılığa neden olup olmadığı, ayrıca demografik özelliklerin markaya yönelik ve reklamın güvenilirliğine yönelik tutumda farklılığa neden olup olmadığı araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre korku öğesi bulunduran reklamların markaya yönelik ve reklamın güvenilirliğine yönelik olumlu etkisinin olduğu; demografik değişkenlerde ise reklamın güvenilirliğine yönelik tutumda herhangi bir farklılık olmadığı anlaşılmıştır. Reklamda verilen markaya yönelik tutumlarda ise kadınlar erkeklere göre, bekârlar evlilere göre daha olumlu yönde etkilenmişlerdir. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde tek yönlü çok değişkenli varyans analizi ve tek örneklem t testi kullanılmıştır.
NUTRITIONAL AND SENSORY ANALYSES OF WHEAT-UNRIPE PLANTAIN COMPOSITE FLOUR ON BREAD MAKING
Authors: J. Etti Christopher , G. Ekanem Victoria
Published: June 2021

This study analyzes the nutritional and sensory
properties of wheat- and unripe plantain composite flour
having a mix ratio of 70:30, 80:20, 90:10 and 100:0
respectively, with 100:0 ratio mix serving as the control.
Unripe plantain flour was selected due to its high iron
content which can solve dietary concerns encountered by
anaemic and celiac patients because of low iron and high
protein (gluten) content in wheat bread. The nutritional
analysis of the composite flour such as ash, lipid, fibre,
carbohydrate, protein, moisture content and iron contents
of the mixed flour were determined. Physical properties of
the composite bread were determined: loaf weight, loaf
volume, loaf height, and loaf specific volume.The
incorporation of plantain flour into baking bread became
effective because it is economical, better supplies essential
nutrients such as iron and protein to humans, and a better
overall use of domestic agricultural products such as
plantain.Incorporation of higher amount of unripe
plantain flour increased loaf weight with a corresponding
reduction in specific volume of the bread, which affected
the bread making process. It was concluded that
organoleptically acceptable bread could be formulated
from wheat-unripe plantain composite flours using up to
70:30 mix ratio as maximum acceptable levels of
substitution for bread making
HERBAL WINE PRODUCTION FROM FRUITS AND VEGETABLE WASTES AND PEELS
Authors: Deshmukh A. Waheed , Deshmukh Sadiya A. , Deshmukh Sadiya A.
Published: June 2021

-Production of herbal wine from fruits
and vegetable waste and their peels was carried
out by using different herbs, by simple
fermentation process. Different herbs such as
tulsi, amla, ginger, tea leaves, aloe vera, and
peppermint were used. The fermentation was
carried out in two groups A and B. In group A
all the herbs are used with pineapple, beetroot
and carrot peels while in group B all the herbs
are used with pineapple, beetroot and carrot
waste obtained after extracting their juices. The
fermentation process was carried out in
presence of active yeast (Saccharomyces
Cerevisiae) at room temperature for 10 days.
Various fermentation parameters such as pH,
specific gravity and alcohol content were
determined for both the Groups A & B at room
temperature. The yield of alcohol contents was
found to be 10.5 and 15.75 % in peels and waste
of selected material respectively. These herbal
wines were found to be better in quality and due
its various health benefits it can be widel1y used
in medical application for preventing and
treating various disorders.
ANALYTICAL STUDY OF BEHAVIOR OF COLD FORMED STEEL SECTIONS WITH AND WITHOUT PERFORATION UNDER COMPRESSIVE LOADING
Authors: M. Baraskar Majahar , Shetake Pranil , Bogar Prof. V. M , Ghugal Dr. Y. M
Published: June 2021

Steel is used in construction industry due to its
hardness and tensile strength. Cold formed steel is type of
steel which is manufactured at lower temperature. Cold
form steel became more popular in twentieth century in
construction industry due to its high strength to weight
ratio and post-buckling strength. The purpose of this study
is to study the behavior of cold-formed steel sections of
different shapes but of same cross sectional area for
compressive loading. Effect of lips within same cross
sectional area, effect of perforation and shape stiffener is
evaluated on different sections as channel section, Z
section and hat section. Eigen value buckling analysis was
carried out to on twelve different models to obtain the
buckling load and failure pattern. ANSYS WORKBENCH
software was used for numerical simulation of sections. I.S.
801:1975 has been taken under consideration wherever
required. Based upon the results, optimum section in each
of cases as with lips, without lips and perforated amongst
all three sections is suggested. Effect of shape stiffeners
provided by previous researcher P. Manikandan on solid
sections is evaluated to check its suitability with perforated
sections.
THYROID DETECTION USING MACHINE LEARNING
Authors: R Chandan , Vasan Chetan , MS Chethan , H S Devikarani
Published: June 2021

The Thyroid gland is a vascular gland
and one of the most important organs of a human
body. This gland secretes two hormones which help
in controlling the metabolism of the body. The two
types of Thyroid disorders are Hyperthyroidism
and Hypothyroidism. When this disorder occurs in
the body, they release certain type of hormones into
the body which imbalances the body’s metabolism.
Thyroid related Blood test is used to detect this
disease but it is often blurred and noise will be
present. Data cleansing methods were used to make
the data primitive enough for the analytics to show
the risk of patients getting this disease. Machine
Learning plays a very deciding role in the disease
prediction. Machine Learning algorithms, SVM -
support vector machine, decision tree, logistic
regression, KNN - K-nearest neighbours, ANNArtificial Neural Network are used to predict the
patient’s risk of getting thyroid disease. Web app is
created to get data from users to predict the type of
disease.
AUTOMATIC ANESTHESIA CONTROL SYSTEM
Authors: R Chandana , V Kaveen , M Gajalakshmi , Manisha S Dr. Joshi
Published: June 2021

It is important that during any operation, for the
patient to be in an anesthetic condition. The patient won’t
feel any pain during the medical procedure using
anesthetics and the impact of the anesthesia should be there
for as long as the operation goes on. It is also important to
measure biomedical parameters such as heart rate and
body temperature since these parameters play a vital role.
It will create serious health problems if proper dosage of
anesthesia is not administered at specified time intervals
and to overcome such unfavorable situations this project
has been designed to develop an automatic anesthesia
control system. Using this, the predefined number of doses
can be administered at regular time intervals by
simultaneously measuring parameters such as heart rate
and temperature.
FASHION PEDAGOGY IN INDIA: THE LINKAGE BETWEEN FORMAL AND INFORMAL PEDAGOGY
Authors: Singh Reetu
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study is to explore
how “Fashion Professional’s capabilities and creative skills
are developed and the development of one’s skills as a
creative profession includes the crux process of designing
which gives rise to fashion industries”.
The research briefs about ‘fashion pedagogy
ecosphere’ that has transpired from the bond between
fashion pedagogy and professional development, which
uplifts the industry through the amplified creative skills of
the designers which defines the competencies with respect
to growth.
This is in the reference of “Fashion education and Fashion
industry development” based on based on the professional
development of individuals via direct or indirect aspects of
education. This article discusses the proficiency, dexterity
and adroitness of fashion designers developed within
Indian scenario
An Innovative Approach to the Creation of Teaching Materials on the Subject of English
Authors: Abdullaeva G. , Matyakubov J.
Published: June 2021

The paper is dedicated to the use of new technologies in creating of trading-methodical materials on the English language for the students of the architectural and civil construction institute. In particularly, we discuss issues related to creation of textbooks with the use of the QR-codes, this will allow students to learn widely the theoretical and practical materials during the lessons, as well as to do self-guided work in learning the English language.
Professionally Oriented Communication Skills Development Mechanisms for Future Economists (in the Process of Learning English)
Authors: Tursunova U. , Ibadullayeva U.
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the importance of professionally oriented communication skills development mechanisms in the process of learning English of non-linguistic specialists. The importance of professionally oriented approach to foreign language teaching is grounded and its essence is analyzed. The ways of implementing professionally oriented approach in the process of learning English for future economists are considered.
Low carbon cities: planning and data
Authors: Llovel Arminel , Lanfranchi Gabriel , Parry Laura , Pana Tronca Luciano , Atherton Mark
Published: June 2021

Climate Action Plans supported by data for public good are helping cities cut emissions. The panel will debate and propose policy recommendations on: innovation in planning, data monitoring and disclosure, and finance.
Solution stars - Mitigation solutions for green recovery
Authors: Mockute Agota , Zanoletti Alessandra , Foster Chloe , Holland Claire , Melis Emanuela , Hallett Jason , Rodriguez Benuz Joan Marc , Sainz Jorge , Rosano Mariangela , Buchs Milena , Harry Ofonime , Thornley Patricia , Kolesnikov Sergey , Motta Wladmir , Zhou Ying
Published: June 2021

This rapid-paced Pecha Kucha session will see presenters from around the world propose, in 2 minutes, their mitigation solution for green recovery and technologies that might just provide the solution for a greener future. Topics will include bio-based solutions, using AI, decarbonisation and managing natural resources.
Access to finance
Authors: McCoy Toby , Islam Md Mofakkarul , Pana Tronca Luciano , Espelage Aglaja , Fowles Valerie , Quigley Ellen , Puranasamriddhi Akaraseth
Published: June 2021

This session will bring together research on financial access including the gender gap, inequality (including intra and intergenerational equality), urban vs. rural and the use of digital technologies. The session will explore how the issues associated with financial access overlap with climate finance and whether there are opportunities to tackle both issues together.
Piecing Together Large Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Fullerenes: A Combined ChemTEM Imaging and MALDI-ToF Mass Spectrometry Approach
Authors: Gover R. K. E. , Chamberlain T. W. , Sarre P. J. , Khlobystov A. N.
Published: June 2021

Motivated by their importance in chemistry, physics, astronomy and materials science, we investigate routes to the formation of large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules and the fullerene C60 from specific smaller PAH building blocks. The behaviour of selected PAH molecules under electron (using transmission electron microscopy, TEM) and laser irradiation is examined, where four specific PAHs—anthracene, pyrene, perylene and coronene—are assembling into larger structures and fullerenes. This contrasts with earlier TEM studies in which large graphene flakes were shown to transform into fullerenes via a top-down route. A new combined approach is presented in which spectrometric and microscopic experimental techniques exploit the stabilisation of adsorbed molecules through supramolecular interactions with a graphene substrate and enable the molecules to be characterised and irradiated sequentially. Thereby allowing initiation of transformation and characterisation of the resultant species by both mass spectrometry and direct-space imaging. We investigate the types of large PAH molecule that can form from smaller PAHs, and discuss the potential of a “bottom-up” followed by “top-down” mechanism for forming C60.
Soluble Platelet Release Factors as Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Baidildinova Gaukhar , Nagy Magdolna , Jurk Kerstin , Wild Philipp S. , ten Cate Hugo , van der Meijden Paola E. J.
Published: June 2021

Platelets are the main players in thrombotic diseases, where activated platelets not only mediate thrombus formation but also are involved in multiple interactions with vascular cells, inflammatory components, and the coagulation system. Although in vitro reactivity of platelets provides information on the function of circulating platelets, it is not a full reflection of the in vivo activation state, which may be relevant for thrombotic risk assessment in various disease conditions. Therefore, studying release markers of activated platelets in plasma is of interest. While this type of study has been done for decades, there are several new discoveries that highlight the need for a critical assessment of the available tests and indications for platelet release products. First, new insights have shown that platelets are not only prominent players in arterial vascular disease, but also in venous thromboembolism and atrial fibrillation. Second, knowledge of the platelet proteome has dramatically expanded over the past years, which contributed to an increasing array of tests for proteins released and shed from platelets upon activation. Identification of changes in the level of plasma biomarkers associated with upcoming thromboembolic events allows timely and individualized adjustment of the treatment strategy to prevent disease aggravation. Therefore, biomarkers of platelet activation may become a valuable instrument for acute event prognosis. In this narrative review based on a systematic search of the literature, we summarize the process of platelet activation and release products, discuss the clinical context in which platelet release products have been measured as well as the potential clinical relevance.
Persons with Disabilities Facing the Mirage of the Right to Education: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Díaz Santa María Yonatan , Molina Saorín Jesús
Published: June 2021

This article collects the educational path derived from the significant changes that have taken place throughout the recent history of education in Spain and, specifically, in relation to people with disabilities. As a starting point, an analysis is carried out of the transformations that have occurred in the discourse on the education of people with lower functional performance, until a historical approach is reached by virtue of which the different stages and binding educational regulations are revealed (with national and international character), highlighting‒exclusively–those that have a direct impact on the quality of life of people in a situation of disabilities. As can be imagined, the history of education in Spain has evolved as policies have changed their purposes around the diversity of students and their universality in the classroom. In this sense, the need to make visible this new paradigm of human rights derived from the International Convention on the Rights of Persons in a situation of Disabilities (UN, 2006) and, in contrast, the continuity of a national corpus juris that reveals the ineffectiveness of the State and other institutions to extinguish situations of discrimination on the grounds of low functional performance.
Long-Term Antithyroid Drug Treatment of Graves’ Disease in Children and Adolescents: A 20-Year Single-Center Experience
Authors: Song Ari , Kim Su Jin , Kim Min-Sun , Kim Jiyeon , Kim Insung , Bae Ga Young , Seo Eunseop , Cho Young Seok , Choi Joon Young , Cho Sung Yoon , Jin Dong-Kyu
Published: June 2021

Background/purpose

Graves’ disease (GD) is the most common cause of thyrotoxicosis in children and adolescents. There is some debate regarding the optimal treatment and predicting factors of remission or relapse in children and adolescents with GD. In this study, we report a retrospective study of 195 children and adolescents with GD treated at a single tertiary institution in Korea.

Methods

This study included children and adolescents with GD diagnosed before 19 years of age from January of 2000 to October of 2020. The diagnosis of GD was based on clinical features, high thyroxine (FT4), suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone, and a positive titer of thyrotropin receptor antibodies. Remission was defined as maintenance of euthyroid status for more than six months after discontinuing antithyroid drug (ATD).

Results

A total of 195 patients with GD were included in this study. The mean age at diagnosis was 12.9 ± 3.2 years, and 162 patients (83.1%) were female. Among all 195 patients, five underwent thyroidectomy and three underwent radioactive iodine therapy. The mean duration of follow-up and ATD treatment were 5.9 ± 3.8 years and 4.7 ± 3.4 years, respectively. The cumulative remission rates were 3.3%, 19.6%, 34.1%, 43.5%, and 50.6% within 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 years of starting ATD, respectively. FT4 level at diagnosis (P = 0.001) was predicting factors for remission [HR, 0.717 (95% CI, 0.591 – 0.870), P = 0.001]. Methimazole (MMI)-related adverse events (AEs) occurred in 11.3% of patients, the most common of which were rash and hematologic abnormalities. Of a total of 26 AEs, 19 (73.1%) occurred within the first month of taking MMI.

Conclusions

In this study, the cumulative remission rate increased according to the ATD treatment duration. Long-term MMI treatment is a useful treatment option before definite treatment in children and adolescents with GD.
A Machine Learning Method to Identify Genetic Variants Potentially Associated With Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Monk Bradley , Rajkovic Andrei , Petrus Semar , Rajkovic Aleks , Gaasterland Terry , Malinow Roberto
Published: June 2021

There is hope that genomic information will assist prediction, treatment, and understanding of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, using exome data from ∼10,000 individuals, we explore machine learning neural network (NN) methods to estimate the impact of SNPs (i.e., genetic variants) on AD risk. We develop an NN-based method (netSNP) that identifies hundreds of novel potentially protective or at-risk AD-associated SNPs (along with an effect measure); the majority with frequency under 0.01. For case individuals, the number of “protective” (or “at-risk”) netSNP-identified SNPs in their genome correlates positively (or inversely) with their age of AD diagnosis and inversely (or positively) with autopsy neuropathology. The effect measure increases correlations. Simulations suggest our results are not due to genetic linkage, overfitting, or bias introduced by netSNP. These findings suggest that netSNP can identify SNPs associated with AD pathophysiology that may assist with the diagnosis and mechanistic understanding of the disease.
A Missense Mutation rs781536408 (c.2395G>A) of TYK2 Affects Splicing and Causes Skipping of Exon18 in vivo
Authors: Chen Suqing , Wu Peilin , Wu Bin , Lin Chenye , Chen Junhong , Chen Lishengdan , Lv Ge
Published: June 2021

TYK2 variants can impact disease onset or progression. In our previous study, we identified abnormal splicing that happened near rs781536408 in the TYK2 gene. The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of the mutation on alternative splicing in vivo and in vitro. Whole exome sequencing was performed to identify the mutations followed by bidirectional Sanger sequencing. Then the minigene analysis was carried out based on HeLa and HEK293T cell lines. The results showed that rs781536408 (c.2395G>A, p.G799R) was homozygous in the patient, but heterozygous in parents. PCR amplification confirmed the abnormal splicing in the somatic cells of the patients, but not in the parents. Sanger sequencing results showed that there was a skipping of exon18 near the mutation. For minigene analysis, there was no difference between the wild-type and the mutant type in the two minigene construction strategies, indicating that mutation c.2395G>A had no effect on splicing in vitro. Combining the results of in vivo, we speculated that the effect of the mutation on splicing was not absolute, but rather in degree.
Identification of Regulatory Functions of LncRNAs Associated With T. circumcincta Infection in Adult Sheep
Authors: Chitneedi Praveen Krishna , Weikard Rosemarie , Arranz Juan J. , Martínez-Valladares María , Kuehn Christa , Gutiérrez-Gil Beatriz
Published: June 2021

Several recent studies have demonstrated the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in regulating the defense mechanism against parasite infections, but no studies are available that investigated their relevance for immune response to nematode infection in sheep. Thus, the aim of the current study was to (i) detect putative lncRNAs that are expressed in the abomasal lymph node of adult sheep after an experimental infection with the gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) Teladorsagia circumcincta and (ii) to elucidate their potential functional role associated with the differential host immune response. We hypothesized that putative lncRNAs differentially expressed (DE) between samples from animals that differ in resistance to infection may play a significant regulatory role in response to nematode infection in adult sheep. To obtain further support for our hypothesis, we performed co-expression and functional gene enrichment analyses with the differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE lncRNAs). In a conservative approach, we included for this predictive analysis only those lncRNAs that are confirmed and supported by documentation of expression in gastrointestinal tissues in the current sheep gene atlas. We identified 9,105 putative lncRNA transcripts corresponding to 7,124 gene loci. Of these, 457 were differentially expressed lncRNA loci (DELs) with 683 lncRNA transcripts. Based on a gene co-expression analysis via weighted gene co-expression network analysis, 12 gene network modules (GNMs) were found significantly correlated with at least one of 10 selected target DE lncRNAs. Based on the principle of “guilt-by-association,” the DE genes from each of the three most significantly correlated GNMs were subjected to a gene enrichment analysis. The significant pathways associated with DE lncRNAs included ERK5 Signaling, SAPK/JNK Signaling, RhoGDI Signaling, EIF2 Signaling, Regulation of eIF4 and p70S6K Signaling and Oxidative Phosphorylation pathways. They belong to signaling pathway categories like Cellular Growth, Proliferation and Development, Cellular Stress and Injury, Intracellular and Second Messenger Signaling and Apoptosis. Overall, this lncRNA study conducted in adult sheep after GIN infection provided first insights into the potential functional role of lncRNAs in the differential host response to nematode infection.
Case Report: SATB2-Associated Syndrome Overlapping With Clinical Mitochondrial Disease Presentation: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Zarate Yuri A. , Vernon Hilary J. , Bosanko Katherine A. , Ramani Praveen K. , Gokden Murat , Writzl Karin , Meznaric Marija , Vipotnik Vesnaver Tina , Ramakrishnaiah Raghu , Osredkar Damjan
Published: June 2021

SATB2-associated syndrome (SAS) is an autosomal dominant neurogenetic multisystemic disorder. We describe two individuals with global developmental delay and hypotonia who underwent an extensive evaluation to rule out an underlying mitochondrial disorder before their eventual diagnosis of SAS. Although the strict application of the clinical mitochondrial disease score only led to the designation of “possible” mitochondrial disorder for these two individuals, other documented abnormalities included nonspecific neuroimaging findings on magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy, decreased complex I activity on muscle biopsy for patient 2, and variation in the size and relative proportion of types of muscle fibers in the muscle biopsies that were aligned with mitochondrial diseases. SAS should be in the differential diagnoses of mitochondrial disorders, and broad-spectrum diagnostic tests such as exome sequencing need to be considered early in the evaluation process of undiagnosed neurodevelopmental disorders.
A Competing Risk Analysis of Women Dying of Maternal, Infectious, or Non-Communicable Causes in the Kintampo Area of Ghana
Authors: Abubakari Sulemana Watara , Badasu Delali Margaret , Apraku Edward Anane , Amenga-Etego Seeba , Asante Kwaku Poku , Bawah Ayaga Agula , Owusu-Agyei Seth
Published: June 2021

Background: Maternal, infectious, and non-communicable causes of death combinedly are a major health problem for women of reproductive age (WRA) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Little is known about the relative risks of each of these causes of death in their combined form and their demographic impacts. The focus of studies on WRA has been on maternal health. The evolving demographic and health transitions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) suggest a need for a comprehensive approach to resolve health challenges of women beyond maternal causes.

Methods: Deaths and person-years of exposure (PYE) were calculated by age for WRA within 15–49 years of age in the Kintampo Health and Demographic Surveillance System (KHDSS) area from January 2005 to December 2014. Causes of death were diagnosed using a standard verbal autopsy questionnaire and the 10th Revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10). Identified causes of death were categorized into three broad areas, namely, maternal, infectious, and non-communicable diseases. Multiple decrements and associated single decrement life table methods were used.

Results: Averting any of the causes of death was seen to lead to improved life expectancy, but eliminating infectious causes of death leads to the highest number of years gained. Infectious causes of death affected all ages and the gains in life expectancy, assuming that these causes were eliminated, diminished with increasing age. The oldest age group, 45–49, had the greatest gain in reproductive-aged life expectancy (RALE) if maternal mortality was eliminated.

Discussion: This study demonstrated the existence of a triple burden. Infectious causes of death are persistently high while deaths from non-communicable causes are rising and the level of maternal mortality is still unacceptably high. It recommends that attention should be given to all the causes of death among WRA.
Role of Tunneling Nanotubes in Viral Infection, Neurodegenerative Disease, and Cancer
Authors: Tiwari Vaibhav , Koganti Raghuram , Russell Greer , Sharma Ananya , Shukla Deepak
Published: June 2021

The network of tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) represents the filamentous (F)-actin rich tubular structure which is connected to the cytoplasm of the adjacent and or distant cells to mediate efficient cell-to-cell communication. They are long cytoplasmic bridges with an extraordinary ability to perform diverse array of function ranging from maintaining cellular physiology and cell survival to promoting immune surveillance. Ironically, TNTs are now widely documented to promote the spread of various pathogens including viruses either during early or late phase of their lifecycle. In addition, TNTs have also been associated with multiple pathologies in a complex multicellular environment. While the recent work from multiple laboratories has elucidated the role of TNTs in cellular communication and maintenance of homeostasis, this review focuses on their exploitation by the diverse group of viruses such as retroviruses, herpesviruses, influenza A, human metapneumovirus and SARS CoV-2 to promote viral entry, virus trafficking and cell-to-cell spread. The later process may aggravate disease severity and the associated complications due to widespread dissemination of the viruses to multiple organ system as observed in current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. In addition, the TNT-mediated intracellular spread can be protective to the viruses from the circulating immune surveillance and possible neutralization activity present in the extracellular matrix. This review further highlights the relevance of TNTs in ocular and cardiac tissues including neurodegenerative diseases, chemotherapeutic resistance, and cancer pathogenesis. Taken together, we suggest that effective therapies should consider precise targeting of TNTs in several diseases including virus infections.
Acquired Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Blockades: The Underlying Mechanisms and Potential Strategies
Authors: Zhou Binghan , Gao Yuan , Zhang Peng , Chu Qian
Published: June 2021

The immune checkpoint blockade therapy has completely transformed cancer treatment modalities because of its unprecedented and durable clinical responses in various cancers. With the increasing use of immune checkpoint blockades in clinical practice, a large number of patients develop acquired resistance. However, the knowledge about acquired resistance to immune checkpoint blockades is limited and poorly summarized. In this review, we clarify the principal elements of acquired resistance to immune checkpoint blockades. The definition of acquired resistance is heterogeneous among groups or societies, but the expert consensus of The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer can be referred. Oligo-progression is the main pattern of acquired resistance. Acquired resistance can be derived from the selection of resistant cancer cell clones that exist in the tumor mass before therapeutic intervention or gradual acquisition in the sensitive cancer cells. Specifically, tumor intrinsic mechanisms include neoantigen depletion, defects in antigen presentation machinery, aberrations of interferon signaling, tumor-induced exclusion/immunosuppression, and tumor cell plasticity. Tumor extrinsic mechanisms include upregulation of other immune checkpoints. Presently, a set of treatment modalities is applied to patients with similar clinical characteristics or resistance mechanisms for overcoming acquired resistance, and hence, further research is required.
Approach to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Woopen Christina , Schleußner Katharina , Akgün Katja , Ziemssen Tjalf
Published: June 2021

For more than a year now, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been causing the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic with high mortality and detrimental effects on society, economy, and individual lives. Great hopes are being placed on vaccination as one of the most potent escape strategies from the pandemic and multiple vaccines are already in clinical use. However, there is still a lot of insecurity about the safety and efficacy of vaccines in patients with autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS), especially under treatment with immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive drugs. We propose strategic approaches to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination management in MS patients and encourage fellow physicians to measure the immune response in their patients. Notably, both humoral and cellular responses should be considered since the immunological equivalent for protection from SARS-CoV-2 after infection or vaccination still remains undefined and will most likely involve antiviral cellular immunity. It is important to gain insights into the vaccine response of immunocompromised patients in order to be able to deduce sensible strategies for vaccination in the future.
Effective Management of Closed Hypereutrophic Estuaries Requires Catchment-Scale Interventions
Authors: Lemley Daniel A. , Lamberth Stephen J. , Manuel Warren , Nunes Monique , Rishworth Gavin M. , van Niekerk Lara , Adams Janine B.
Published: June 2021

Increased nutrient loading associated with rapid population growth is the leading cause of deteriorating water quality in urbanized estuaries globally. Small estuaries are particularly sensitive to changes when connection with the marine environment is restricted, or lost, because of high water retention. The temporarily closed Hartenbos Estuary (South Africa) is an example of how such pressures can culminate in a severely degraded ecosystem. Wastewater treatment work (WWTW) discharges introduce substantial volumes of freshwater (8,000 m3 d–1) and nutrient loads (38 kg DIN d–1 and 22 kg DIP d–1) into this estuary. This constant inflow has necessitated frequent artificial breaching (inducing alternating states) of the estuary mouth to prevent flooding of low-lying developments and, occasionally, to mitigate against extreme events such as fish kills and sewage spills. This study investigated the efficacy of artificial mouth breaching practices in eliciting responses in selected abiotic and biotic parameters. Microalgal (phytoplankton and benthic diatoms), benthic macrofauna and fish community dynamics were assessed in response to mouth state and water quality conditions using a seasonal monitoring programme. The hypereutrophic nature of the Hartenbos Estuary was highlighted by persistent high-biomass phytoplankton accumulations (>100 μg Chl-a l–1), extreme dissolved oxygen conditions (0.4–20.5 mg O2 l–1) and the predominance of harmful algal bloom (HAB) events comprising Nannochloropsis sp. and Heterosigma akashiwo. Artificial breaching of the mouth facilitated limited tidal exchange and occurred approximately bimonthly once water levels exceeded 1.9 m above mean sea level (MSL). Current pressures and management interventions have culminated in an ecosystem void of natural fluctuations and instead characterised by low diversity and shifts between undesirable states. This is highlighted by the near year-round dominance of only a few opportunistic species/groups tolerant of adverse conditions (e.g., Nannochloropsis sp., Halamphora coffeiformis, oligochaetes, estuarine round herring Gilchristella aestuaria, and southern mullet Chelon richardsonii). Therefore, catchment-scale interventions such as the diversion of WWTW discharges and restoration of hydrodynamic variability are management priorities for improving the health and biodiversity of small, closed microtidal systems such as the Hartenbos Estuary.