bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shalom van ’n Afrikanerdom tikmasjienpianis: Suidpunt-jazz van André Letoit
Authors: Steenberg D. H.
Published: May 2013

Hierdie opskrif laat min of meer reg geskied aan ’n belangrike baken in die ontwikkeling van die Afrikaanse prosa aan die einde van ’n dekade wat begin het met die meer tradisionele klem op die persoonlike, soos in die kortverhale van Hennie Aucamp en M.C. Botha. Nie dat dit by die private ache bly steek het nie! Sonder gevaar van teenspraak kan ’n mens hierdie roman ná die resepsie van Somer II en die ooreenkoms wat dit daarmee toon, as postmodernistiese teks benader. In die loop van hierdie bespreking sal om die beurt aan kernwoorde in die opskrif aandag gegee word.
Bosman and self-conscious fiction
Authors: Meihuizen N.
Published: May 2013

Bosman, in a number of ways, underlines his fascination with his medium. In this article, an attempt is made to indicate some of the ways in which he does this. Particular attention is paid to Bosman’s use of commentary, his own self-conscious reflections on the text before the reader. Using two stories, “Unto Dust”, and “Old Transvaal Story”, I present the ways in which Bosman’s self-consciousness manifests itself in his art. If he is so adept at undermining illusion, what yet entertains us in the most self-conscious of his texts? It is argued that his fascination with his medium is buttressed by his ability to delude us, which displaces our reliance on illusion.
Some notes on further readings of Wilma Stockenström’s slave narrative, The Expedition to the Baobab Tree
Authors: Gray S.
Published: May 2013

This article considers some aspects of Wilma Stockenström’s novella of 1981, Die Kremetartekspedisie, in its English translation by J.M. Coetzee of 1983, The Expedition to the Baobab Tree. After isolating the formal aspects which are characteristic of the structure of the work, as explained by the author in the text, it reviews and identifies a general reluctance in the responses to date to engage with the text in terms it sets for itself. Arising out of this deadlock situation, the article suggests some approaches which could more appropriately be applied in further readings of the work. These are with regard to the author’s use of: (a) received South African history and (b) narrative mode, both of which contribute to the beginnings of the formation of a new, particularly female, consciousness and scope in South African fiction.
A semiotic interpretation of national typology: the English, the Boers and ... the Russians (Ivan Goncharov’s Frigate Pallas)
Authors: Mondry H.
Published: May 2013

This article examines the text of renowned nineteenth century Russian travellers notes, The Frigate Pallada, by Ivan Goncharov, the author of Oblomov. Using the teachings of Victor Shklovsky, Yurij Tynianov and Yurij Lotman on the role of the genre of travellers notes in the history of Russian literature, the author examines the chapter on the Cape Province. She demonstrates that in his descriptions of the two nations of the Cape Province - the English and the Boers - Goncharov is applying that which is known to him - his own cultural model of the Russian society of the mid-nineteenth century. In his examination of differences between the English and the Boers Goncharov applies the ideological dichotomy between the Slavophiles and the Westernisers. Goncharov, by "inverting" the "dual model of Russian culture" (Lotman & Uspensky, 1984a) draws comparisons between the Russians of the Oblomov Slavophile type on the one hand, and the English on the other hand as the model for the improvement of the industry of the economically backward Russian nation. To Goncharov the Boers resemble the Oblomov, old world side of dichotomy, which by inversions of the dual model can fluctuate between "the good" and "the bad" categories.
Aspekte van Lacaniaanse psigo-analise as kode by ’n semiotiese lesing van Breytenbach se ('yk')
Authors: Sienaert M.
Published: May 2013

As representative of Breyten Breytenbach’s more recent writings, the anthology of prison poems ('yk') appears to a great extent hermeneutically closed on a first reading. Recurring references to the poet’s position in his own discourse, as well as the expression of despairing feelings of depersonalisation experienced by prisoners in general, however provide the key to a possible reading of these poems, especially when analysed in terms of the French psycho-analyst Jacques Lacan’s theory of subjectivity. This article highlights relevant aspects of this theory, showing subjectivity to be a process which is always constituted in relation to discourse, and offers a reading of the poem "Nekra" to illustrate the way in which it elucidates the Breytenbach discourse.
The matrix and the echo: Intertextual re-modelling in Stoppard’s Rozencrantz and Guildenstern are dead
Authors: De Lange A. , Combrink A.
Published: May 2013

This article investigates the ‘intertextual dialogue’ between Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Stoppard’s Rozencrantz and Guildenstern are dead. A tangential look is also directed at Stoppard’s Dogg’s Hamlet and Beckett’s Waiting for Godot. The intertextual relationship between the texts is approached from different angles and different defining concepts are used - Topia’s typology (1984), involving the view of both vertical and horizontal perspectives to effect fusion, separation or intertextuality, is used to help determine that Stoppard’s remodelling of the Shakespearian matrix results in completely new texts, not merely a ‘slightly’ distorted text.
Editors, texts, and performance: the value of textual criticism in the age of relativity
Authors: Potter A. M.
Published: May 2013

The article is an attempt in part to refute what are seen as gross distortions of the work of Shakespeare’s editors in a recently-published article by Johannes Birringer. Initially the work of such editors is analysed, with particular emphasis being placed on their acknowledgement of the tentative nature of their conclusions, in refutation of Birringer’s claim that they are obsessed with ‘authority’ and definitive texts. It is then pointed out that Birringer bases his argument on a false perception of the relationship between text and performance in the Elizabethan theatre, and the value of sound editorial work is then indicated, based on a more accurate assessment of this relationship. The argument is then extended into a more general discussion of the attitudes underlying Birringer’s article, which are questioned in a number of ways on the basis of the contradiction between theory and practice.
Dat die klip kan heers: Pieter Fourie se Die koggelaar
Authors: Coetser J. L.
Published: May 2013

Die koggelaar (The teaser), by playwright Pieter Fourie, is generally regarded as exceptional among his recent works. The purpose of this article is to discuss the title and drought as recurring themes in the drama. The teaser is Boet Cronje, but he is of the opinion that everyone teases him. In an ironic twist of events he finally believes that God teases him by not providing the rain he so desperately needs. An investigation of the text reveals the utilization of psychoanalytical theory, i.e. the theory of the collective and the personal unconscious as formulated by Jung. In this case physical drought initiates events which lead to the development of a fully-fledged psychosis in Boet. As a consequence of the interconnection of the personal and the collective unconscious the physical drought surrounding Boet additionally becomes a dramatic metaphor for the figurative drought in the community of which he is part.
Elisabeth Eybers: die volgehoue 'edel spel'
Authors: Du Plooy H.
Published: May 2013

This article pays tribute to Elisabeth Eybers who was not only the first woman to publish a volume of poetry in Afrikaans, but who has also received numerous awards for her poetry over the years. She has recently been awarded the P.C. Hooftprijs, the most prestigious literary award in the Netherlands. The relevance of her work is indicated by a discussion of her unique position in the Afrikaans and Dutch literary worlds, and by proposing a new reading of a well-known poem to illustrate the point of view that good poetry can always be reread in relevant ways.
Uit die oogpunt van ’n vrou? Perspektief op feministiese literêre kritiek in die kader van die Airikaanse prosa
Authors: Du Plessis J. W. , Steenberg D. H.
Published: May 2013

Feminists feel that in literary criticism not enough consideration is given to feminism as an ideology in the production of texts. According to them, existing literary criticism is strongly man-centred. This is especially true of the practice of South African literary criticism. Although feminism does not have at its disposal a formulated feminist literary criticism, a great deal of research has been done in this direction abroad. This is especially the case in Europe and America. Feminist literary critics apply themselves to the representation of the woman in works by male authors and an analysis of feminine experience in the production of texts by women. This article is an exploration of the Anglo-American and French approaches in feminist literary criticism. An attempt is made to formulate the aims of a possible South African feminist literary criticism in order that not only the general norms, but also the feminist codes in the production of a text, speak towards the final interpretation of a work.
Karakterisering in Christine: ’n Jungiaanse perspektief
Authors: Crous M. L.
Published: May 2013

The central character in Bartho Smit’s complex drama Christine is Paul Harmse. This essay focuses on the text and regards it as the psyche of the protagonist Paul Harmse. Jung’s theory of the collective unconscious and the archetypal figures that inhabit the collective unconscious is implemented in the analysis of the text. The characters are regarded as representations of the shadow and the anima. There is a prevailing conflict between Paul Harmse and the subconscious forces at work in his psyche.
Woman and language in darkest Africa: The quest for articulation in two postcolonial novels
Authors: Brink A.
Published: May 2013

The paper focuses on issues raised by Conrad’s Heart of Darkness and on ways in which two recent novels, The Expedition to the Baobab Tree (Stockenstrdni) and The Whales in Lake Tanganyika (Hagerfors) employ the same model of the journey of exploration in order to break down phallo- and eurocentric concepts of language in an attempt to arrive at a new articulation of Africa. In Heart of Darkness Marlow crosses the limits of language in his confrontation with the Other (Kurtz, and Africa, both of which have a female dimension) and has to invent a ‘new’ language, post facto, to explain his discovery to the Woman who awaits him at the other end. In the Stockenstrdm text, the narrator and central personage is already female, but she is illiterate; and in order to articulate her body, in which her journey is subsumed, an implied narrator may have to narrate on her behalf, in a language which first has to liberate itself from the processes of bondage and appropriation to which the slave woman has been subjected all her life. In The Whales in Lake Tanganyika an interiext arises from the dialogue of this narrative with H.M. Stanley's historical journal; and this projects the diarist Shaw as the deconstructor of male and European dichotomies. Shedding conventional langitage, linearity and 'reality’, his diary becomes the translation of an inaccessible ‘new’ language which is the only way in which Spivak’s 'subaltern’ can attain speech to articulate the femininity implicit in Africa.
Die Afrikaanse letterkunde in ’n amptelik Engels-eentalige Suid-Afrika
Authors: Van Coller H. P. , Steyn J. C.
Published: May 2013

In this article the situation of Afrikaans literature in an officially English monolingual South Africa is discussed. The growth and decline of languages are influenced by so many factors and processes that it is impossible to predict precisely how loss of official status and the concomitant loss of important legal and conventional language rights presently enjoyed by Afrikaans speakers would affect Afrikaans. Nevertheless it is certain that at least three areas will be affected. Firstly, loss of recognition and the anglicization of tertiary education will bring about a decline in Afrikaans as a scientific language, resulting in a loss in diversity and the decay of certain registers. The anglicization of the electronic mass media will deprive Afrikaans of a crucial function of a modem language - serving its community as the medium of information and recreation. Vie role of radio and TV in providing an example of standard language use will disappear Secondly, with English the sole official language, it is very probable that a language shift from Afrikaans will take place, a major catastrophe for any language. A dwindling body of readers affects any literature or publishing industry directly. Thirdly: loss of status will have economic repercussions, making it increasingly difficult for the Afrikaans community to buy and for publishers to produce books.
Neo-Fascisme, norme, literatuur: Oor Pieter Stoffberg se Die hart van ’n bond
Authors: De Jong M.
Published: May 2013

In this article it is argued that Pieter Stoffberg's collection of stories, Die hart van ’n hond, forces the reader to constitute racist frames in order to interpret. Furthermore the author proposes that Kristeva's formalisation of the 'negation of negation', developed in The Revolution of Poetic Language, can theorise the textual process in these stories as a transgression in which the taboo on political rightist conservatism in a "New South Africa' is broken. To produce this transgression, the text places the reader in the position of the other, a position in which normative decision-taking is precluded. This itself could, however, constitute an ethical moment. On the basis of the Neo-Fascist aspects of Die hart van ’n hond, the article proposes a re-introduction of the ethical in literary’ discourse and critically comments on Afrikaans literary culture in this respect.
The reader’s role in the fiction of Menán du Plessis
Authors: Daymond M. J.
Published: May 2013

The reception theory’ of Wolfgang Iser is used to explore the effects of the differences in the narration of Du Plessis’ novels. The chief differences are the degree of consciousness with which the reader engages in meaning-making and the level at which the reader encounters the major enigma on which the larger interpretation of each novel rests. Also considered are some implications of the analogy, to which my interpretation leads, between narrative form and Du Plessis’ judgement of her world.
Maarten’t Hart bestaat niet
Authors: Werhnan H.
Published: May 2013

Maarten 't Hart werd in 1944 geboren in het Nederlandse stadje Maasshuis. Daar spelen verscheidene van zijn autobiografische romans, een teken dat hij verknocht is aan zijn geboortegrond. In zijn eerste romans Stenen voor een ransuil (1971) en Ik had een wapenbroeder (1973) staat het thema van de homoseksualiteit centraal. In zijn latere werk spelen de liefde tussen man en vrouw en de liefde voor de natuur en de muziek een grote rol. Veel van zijn werk, vooral zijn beroemdste roman Een vlucht regenwulpen, staat in het teken van de gewenste eenzaamheid. Behalve zeventien romans en verhalenbundels (de meest recente roman Onder de korenmaat verscheen in 1991) publiceerde Maarten 't Hart een tienlal boeken met populair-welenschappelijke studies en essays. In Ratten (1973) gaat het over zijn voorliefde voor een gediscrimineerd dier, in De som van misverstanden (1978) beschrijfl hij zijn liefde voor de literatuur, in De vrouw bestaat niel trekt hij len strijde tegen het feminisme en in Een dasspeld uit Toela (1990) rekent hij af met de literatuurcritici. Maarten't Hart is een uitnemend en gevoelig verteller Waarschijnlijk is het aan zijn nogal slordige stijl en zijn afkeer van het experiment in de romankunst te wijten dal hij na de Multatuliprijs-1975 voor zijn verhalenbundel Het vrome volk (1974) geen enkele lileraire prijs meer heeft gekregen. Wei halen zijn boeken hoge oplagen en is hij ereburger van Maasshuis.
Die siening van die Griekse tragedie by Aristophanes
Authors: Conradie P. J.
Published: May 2013

This article attempts to prove that the literary contest in Aristophanes’ Frogs is important as a reflection of contemporary literary discussions. A survey is given of the different aspects of Greek tragedy which are discussed and of the various and contradictory opinions which are expressed. The latter are not necessarily those of Aristophanes himself. In the 5th century B.C. the Greeks seem to have been mainly concerned with questions of style and with the moral influence of tragedy. With reference to the question of how much importance should be ascribed to the comic treatment of literary' matters, the view is put forward that The Frogs contains an exposition of genuine convictions about art. The parallel of Sheridan’s play The Critic confirms this conclusion. The present interpretation of Aristophanes is corroborated by the great influence The Frogs had on criticism right up to the 20th century.
Aristoteles se siening van dramatiese spanning in die tragedie en die invloed daarvan op moderne dramateorie
Authors: Cilliers L.
Published: May 2013

Aristotle’s remarks about dramatic suspense in the Poetics are so diffuse and divergent in nature that it seems highly unlikely that he meant them to be regarded as a systematic theory on this subject. Yet his views in this regard - although set down in writing some 2400 years ago - are still in many respects the basis of modern drama theory. The emphasis which he places on the linear plot and on causal connection is an early recognition of two very important requisites for unity in a drama. The phases in the course of action which he pointed out and on which scholars like Scaliger, Freytag and Verhagen have built their theories, are still accepted in broad outline today. The desirability of concentrated action and of the identification of the spectator with the dramatis personae are factors which are still valid. And finally, his discussion of the effect which tragedy has on the spectators is the point of departure of modern reader-oriented theories.
Die konsolidasie van die Afrikaanse taalgemeenskap
Authors: Du Plessis H.
Published: May 2013

Without trying to distinguish between the subject Afrikaans and the language Afrikaans, and without denying the metaphoric meaning of a statement like ‘Afrikaans is oppressive’, this article investigates the position of Afrikaans among the other ten main languages of South Africa. The idea that Afrikaans is a mere minority language in South Africa is repudiated. Statistical figures indicate that Afrikaans is the language with the largest number of speakers and the third largest mother longue in South Africa. The question as to why Afrikaans is regarded as a minority language - even by its own users - is also touched upon. In this article it is argued that the political system of apartheid has split the language community into two parts and that therefore this community has never been a unity. The future role of Afrikaans in a democratic South Africa will also be determined by the users of Afrikaans, given that the Afrikaans language community could be consolidated. This article argues that the lack of unity within the Afrikaans speech community is mainly the reason for the belief that Afrikaans is, in a statistical sense, a minority language. I f the Afrikaans speech community can be consolidated, Afrikaans will be able to take its natural place among the other ten languages of South Africa. Such a consolidation, however, has to be brought about by those who form this community.
Het die tekslinguistiek enige implikasies vir die studie van literatuur?
Authors: Carstens W. A.M.
Published: May 2013

It is generally accepted that the study of linguistics and literary theory can benefit from each other. The question asked in this article is whether the principles and methods of the developing discipline of text linguistics will have any implications for the better understanding of literary texts. It is argued that the study of text linguistics - because of its interdisciplinary nature - certainly has the potential for this, but that knowledge of the principles and methods of this discipline should not be regarded as essential for the obtaining of any insights in literary texts.
City and labyrinth: Theme and variation in Calvino and Duranti’s cityscapes
Authors: Wilson R.
Published: May 2013

For a number of Italian writers the modem city has come to mean as much a style, a fractured syntax, a paratactic sign-system, as a physical construct with certain demonstrable boundaries. In the works of such authors as halo Calvino and Francesca Duranti the crisis of reason is symbolized by indeterminate aleatory structures - such as the labyrinth or the chessboard - all of which can be considered variations on the theme of the modem city. Calvino and Duranti’s invisible or labyrinthine cities serve as an infinitely malleable poetic dramatization of the mind. The cities are both projections of their respective narrators and images that shape the reader's experience. By analysing the spatial structures of the narratives and by examining the use of space as a locus of fantasy this article shows how these novels chart cityscapes of the mind.
Simbolistiese trekke in die poësie van C. Louis Leipoldt
Authors: Bosmart M.
Published: May 2013

Due to Leipoldt's long stay abroad as well as his extensive reading of European literature, there is a strong possibility of Symbolist influence on his poetry. However, the large volume of Leipoldt’s poetry cautions against concluding too much from symbolistic traits in isolated poems. Rather, the presence of a symbolistic world view, encompassing the acknowledgement of a transcendental world, and a conception of poetry as having to represent this world, should be traced as a background against which individual poems could be read. Critics have identified a number of characteristics of Leipoldt’s poetry which might bear on Symbolism. These include the poet's individualism, a dualistic tension between various oppositions, an interest in the exotic and the occult and a consciousness of beauty. An overriding theme in Leipoldt’s work seems to be the search for meaning. Rejecting traditional Christian religion, Leipoldt tries to fin d meaning elsewhere. An awareness of some transcendental world can be shown in a number of poems. This world seems to be identified gradually with Nature as an eternal and omnipotent force. Against this background, certain repetitive motifs in Leipoldt’s poetry attain symbolic status, alluding to meanings hidden in the transcendental world.
Postmodern cinema and postmodern culture: information-communication, otherness and history in Wenders’s Himmel über Berlin (Wings of Desire)
Authors: Olivier B.
Published: May 2013

What one may call the obscenity of information is the common thread that runs through Wim Wenders's film Wings of Desire, postmodern culture a n d Baudrillard's radical cultural critique. The latter shows that communication has degenerated into the availability of information (in advanced, post-industrial countries , at least), while Wenders’s film provides a paradigm for the problematization of communication and personal history in a postmodern culture of fragmentation.
Beyond Propp and Oedipus: Towards expanding narrative theory
Authors: Prinsloo J.
Published: May 2013

Aspects of theory surrounding both narrative and reception of film is examined and interrogated. The structural analysis offered by Propp, among other theorists, and insights of psychoanalysis are considered to rework the Oedipal scenario. This paper draws on ideas around transgression and refers to aspects of Oedipus’s life which are largely ignored as the focus of psychic scenario. The narratives of two films. On the Wire and Mississippi Masala are examined in relation to contradictions surrounding their reception.
’n Interpretasie van Karel Schoeman se roman, ’n Ander land binne die raamwerk van die laat negentiendeeeuse estetisistiese en dekadente literêre tradisie
Authors: Grobbelaar M. , Roos H.
Published: May 2013

The first motivation for reading Karel Schoeman’s novel ’n Ander land within the framework of late nineteenth century Western European decadcnt literature is the strong resemblance between Schoeman's character Versluis and Des Esseintes, main character of the so-called Bible of Decadence, namely Joris- Karl Huysmans’ A Rebours (1884). Schoeman’s cultivated narrative style, his use of archaic Dutch and French words and the fact that this novel h as 'no story’, confirm the affinity of ’n Ander land with the decadent literary tradition as established by Huysmans’ plotless novel. The ultimate vision communicated in ’n Ander land is that death, like the landscape of Africa, is infinitely empty. The journey of the dying Versluis to Bloemfontein with its emphasis on intense heat and desolation and its affinities with Dante's Divina Commedia can be seen as a symbolic descent into hell, with the suggestion that Versluis will never reach paradise.
Gordimer’s rendition of the picaresque in A Sport of Nature
Authors: Wenzel M.
Published: May 2013

The aim of this article is twofold: firstly, to explore the picaresque elements present in Nadine Gordimer’s A Sport of Nature and secondly, to relate them to her more pronounced stance on feminism which has evolved since the 1980s. I suggest that an appropriate reading strategy would not only foreground these issues but also highlight A Sport of Nature as one of her most underrated novels. Following the example of the Latin American authors Isabel Allende and Elena Poniatowska, Cordimer has appropriated the picaresque tradition as an ideal vehicle to depict the elements of social critique and feminist assertion which characterize A Sport of Nature. The ironic retrospective stance on society, conventionally represented by a picaro as a social outcast, is reinforced by the introduction of a picara, thereby underlining the double marginalization of women as subjects and sexual objects. I propose that a feminist-oriented reading of the text which recognizes this subversive quality, would lend a different dimension to its interpretation. The character of Hillela serves as an implicit example of female ingenuity which attains political equality through devious means despite, and as a result of, the constraints of a hypocritical society and an entrenched patriarchal system. Seen from this perspective, the seemingly disparate elements of the novel coalesce to present a damning picture of contemporary society.
Die rol van bioptemie in die postmodernistiese teks
Authors: Muller M.
Published: May 2013

The term bioptemes is applied to explain the ‘impossible’ communication in the postmodern text. The topological processes in the postmodern text whereby 'normal' boundaries (like those between fiction and reality) are transgressed, make it possible to communicate beyond these so-called borders. The 'conversation’ is carried on in a bioptemie way. Bioptemie interaction is found when the output affects the input: the character rebels against the author, the imbedded text affects the primary text, and the discourses in the text are mutually affected, which often results in the forming of a new discourse. The bioptemes encourage the transgression process and this stresses the necessity to surpass existing modes of thought. Texts included in this study are Theresa se droom (Fransi Phillips), "Die Bruid" (A.H. de Vries) and Louoond (Jeanne Goosen).
Extraordinary events and primeval images: Magic realism in the works of Northern Sotho novelist O.K. Matsepe
Authors: Grobler G. M.M.
Published: May 2013

Fictive reality in the conventional novel is required to adhere to the laws of real life. Magic realism, however, presents a peculiar and unique world: a fictive but everyday reality, interspersed with extraordinary or 'unreal’ events. In addition, primeval images or archetypes operate in the text, e.g. the image of happiness or paradise, of the father, of the wise old man, of the Messiah and of the eternal return. The art of O.K. Matsepe sufficiently displays these features to justify the conclusion that he may be regarded as a magic realist in the mould of Hubert Lampo and Gabriel García Márquez, among others.
Ons wag op die kaptein (Elsa Joubert): Bybel en Christendom as intertekste
Authors: Prins M. J.
Published: May 2013

The Bible and Christianity are the most important intertexts in the novels of Elsa Joubert. The purpose of this article is to examine the part played by these intertexts in Ons wag op die kaptein. To this end the relationship between certain passages of Scripture as well as some basic beliefs of Christianity and aspects of the novel are examined: the theme, Ana-Paula's attitude towards the people of Africa as well as to her white subordinates, Carlos' treatment of his labourers, the significance of the arrival of the ‘captain' and the reconciliation which takes place during the very last moments before this arrival. Finally a brief look is taken at the link between the above-mentioned intertexts and some of the leading motifs in the narrative.
Drama en geskiedenis: ’n voorlopige verkenning
Authors: Coetser J. L.
Published: May 2013

This article attempts to establish a theoretical framework within which the relationship between drama and history may be traced. The theoretical framework is provided by the juxtaposition of Keir Elam's interpretation of possible worlds in drama and Fredric Jameson's three horizons of interpretation. The framework is subsequently applied to Afrikaans playwright N.P. van Wyk Louw's commissioned drama, Die pluimsaad waai ver. But, Jameson's interpretation of an ‘ideology of form’ (ascribed to his third horizon of interpretation) is partly modified by the inclusion of postcolonial theory of literature. It is, consequently, possible to deduce that Die pluimsaad waai ver is, at least in part, a post-colonial text.
The shape of a woman's life: Lady Anne Barnard's Memoir
Authors: Lenta M.
Published: May 2013

In her old age, Lady Anne Barnard revised the diaries and letters which remained from her life in Scotland, London, and at the Cape. She shaped part of these records into a six-volume Memoir and since a man's memoir would concentrate attention on his public life and achievements, she cast it into a shape which recalls that of the female’ novel of the eighteenth century. She therefore presents her rejection of the lifestyle of her family, that of impoverished Scottish aristocrats, and her move to London, as a quest for a suitable marriage. This view of her life was not, however, entirely congenial to her: she had a strong sense of her achievements as an autonomous individual, rather than as the lesser partner in a marriage, and although the Memoir ends with her marriage, there is much evidence in it of her pride in having originated and achieved for herself a new lifestyle.
Le mythe du bon sauvage Hottentot
Authors: Boisacq M-J
Published: May 2013

Two themes in the Voyage á l'intérieur de I'Afrique par le Cap de Bonne-Espérance by Francois le Vaillant, 1790, attracted our attention: firstly, the criticism of the colonial system, modelled on Denis Diderot's criticism, and secondly, the description of the Hottentot people according to the mythical vision of the tribes as suggested by Jean-Jacques Rousseau. A brief explanation of Diderot's anti-colonial ideas and of the myth of the ‘noble Savage' as suggested by Rousseau, will be followed by a critical analysis of the Voyage ... so as to prove that this work is in perfect agreement with the ideologies existing in France during the second half of the 18th century and in line with the reformist notions of the thinkers who reconcile humanity and self-interest.
The skaz narrative mode in short stories by W. C. Scully, Percy FitzPatrick, Perceval Gibbon and Herman Charles Bosman
Authors: MacKenzie C.
Published: May 2013

While an overwhelming amount of cultural activity worldwide has been (and is being) conducted in societies which had (or have) very little or no knowledge at all of writing, and which can therefore be described as predominantly ‘oral’ cultures, very little attempt has been made in the field of South African literature to examine how oral modes of cultural exchange influence and interpenetrate the more recent written (literary) modes. South Africa is a region which has several rich oral traditions and it is therefore important to explore how aspects of these traditions are incorporated into (written) literature. This paper looks at the use of the fictional narrator and skaz (the Russian Formalist term meaning 'speech') in some South African short stories by Scully, FitzPatrick, Gibbon and Bosman. It is argued that whereas Scully and FitzPatrick produce only partially successful narratives in the skaz style, Gibbon and Bosman introduce greater artistic and ideological complexity to the form.
Die verdonkerende spieël: Simbolistiese trekke in Wilma Stockenstrom se eerste drie bundels
Authors: Lombard M. , Viljoen H.
Published: May 2013

This article is an attempt to relate the first three of Wilma Stockenstrom's collections of poetry to international Symbolism. First we discuss possible links between her work and Symbolism. The mam emphasis then falls on Stockenstrom’s method of Symbolism, the possible symbolist tone of her work and prominent symbolist motifs in her work. Finally we consider some manifestations of the symbolist oilier world in these collections. The conclusion arrived at is that Stockenstrom's earlier work shows many of the main characteristics of Symbolism so that her work can be regarded as a continuation of the symbolist tradition. This tradition undergoes three important transformations in her work: the European world of symbolist poetry is replaced by an archeologically rich but mute African world, modern science and technology replaces the medieval system of reference of Symbolism, and sound and musicality p la y a much smaller part in Stockenstrom's poetry. Stockenstrom's cynical, ironic tone, the use of opaque kafkaesque symbols, her emphasis on tentative visions, her distrust of language and her tendency to relativize frames of reference in the endings of her poems, show that Stockenstrom's poetry has already crossed the boundary to Modernism.
Uitgebreide attributiewe konstruksies in Duits - ’n uitdaging vir Afrikaanssprekende studente
Authors: Steyn E. C.
Published: May 2013

Complex attributive constructions have become a characteristic of modern German and appear regularly in all types of texts, even those meant for foreigners. This aspect of German syntax has no corresponding manifestation in Afrikaans or English, as can be seen when comparing parallel texts. A limited investigation showed that this phenomenon undeniably creates problems for Afrikaans-speaking students learning German. They find sentences containing lengthy attributive constructions difficult to understand and, when writing German, either misconstrue such phrases or, more often than not, try to avoid them by using adjectival clauses instead. Although the constant use of such clauses cannot strictly be regarded as incorrect, it reveals all too clearly the interference of Afrikaans and differs conspicuously from the modern German style of writing. Various exercises are recommended to overcome comprehension problems and to break away from the restricted sentence patterns which are due to interference of the mother tongue.
Vondste uit de oude doos: Hommage á T.T. Cloete
Authors: Venter L.
Published: May 2013

Six decades ago T.S. Eliot (1932:49) emphasized that no poet "has his complete meaning alone" and advocated a historical sense that realized the "pastness of the past" but also the presence of the past. T.T. Cloete puts his ideal in effect in three poems: "Leipoldt 100" can be read as a "catalogue of connotations" (Riffaterre, 1982:9), representing a positive appraisal of Leipoldt's oeuvre: "Hommage á CM v d Heever" offers a homage "for little", implicating Van den Heever'spoems "Die vertrekkende wildeganse" and "Die gevalle Zoeloe-indoena"; the poem "N.a.v. FvdH WEGL en JFEC" comments upon the outdated theme of idealizing the farm and country as in Toon van den Heever's and W.E.G. Louw's poetry and criticizes Jan F.E. Celliers's style as drcnvling. The three poems p resent an estimation of a considerable part of the Afrikaans history of literature.
’n Herlees van ‘Die sindelinghaan’
Authors: Meintjes G.
Published: May 2013

In 1963 Ria Schulte published an article in Standpunte with the title "Die sindelinghaan". In this article she analysed a poem which appears in a prose text "Gerwe-ry en trap" by Boerneef. While Schutte's analysis opens up various perspectives on the poem and suggests a number of ways in which the poem could be interpreted, she ignores the transtextual links between the poem and the prose text in which it is embedded. This article is the report o f a re-reading of the same poem. The re-reading suggests that the poem indeed has an important transtextual function in the text, that the poem as sign system becomes duplicitous in its transtextual relationship(s) with the text at large and concludes that the poem functions as an integrated component of the narrative structure as a whole.
Fictionalization, conscientization and the trope of exile in Amandla and Third Generation
Authors: Geertsema J.
Published: May 2013

The purpose of this article is to examine Amandla (by Miriam TIali) and Third Generation (by Sipho Sepamla) as anti-apartheid novels of resistance which are faced by a number of serious contradictions. The article is an attempt to analyse the ways in which these texts seek to cope, on the one hand, with what seems to be a lost cause, a struggle without an end, and on the other hand with their own status as fictional texts which attempt to change precisely that which seems to deny all possibilities of subversion. Both texts attempt to make sense of a reality which is perceived to be so horrifyingly real as to be fictional (in the sense of the fictive, unreal, ethereal). On the one hand the power of the apartheid state is seen to be insurmountable, and on the other hand, that stale has to be subverted and destroyed. The resulting dialectic, posited in the texts, of the state of affairs in reality and the state of affairs that is desired, can only be solved by the use of the trope of exile as an imaginary resolution to a very real contradiction in order to achieve at least some measure of conscientization in the readership.
Heart of Darkness and the epistemology of cultural differences
Authors: Armstrong P. B.
Published: May 2013

Heart of Darkness has a long history of disagreement about whether to regard it as a daring attack on imperialism or a reactionary purveyor of colonial stereotypes. Taking Achebe’s now famous indictment and Clifford's recent praise that Conrad was an exemplary anthropologist, this article argues that Conrad is neither a racist nor an exemplary anthropologist hut a skeptical dramatist of epistemological processes. The novella has received these divergent responses because its enactment of the dilemmas entailed in understanding cultural otherness is inherently double and strategically ambiguous. The article argues that the novella is a calculated failure to depict achieved cross-cultural understanding presented to the reader through textual strategies which oscillate between affirming and denying the possibility of understanding otherness. The article acknowledges that charges such as that made by Achebe are extremely valuable because they break the aura of the text and establish reciprocity between it and its interpreters by putting them on equal terms, and concludes that a recognition of how unsettingly ambiguous the text is about the ideals of reciprocity and mutual understanding will empower us to engage in a sort of dialogue with it which Marlow never achieves with Africans or anyone else.
Afrikaans as universiteitstaal: Onlangse ontwikkelinge in historiese en internasionale perspektief
Authors: Steyn J. C.
Published: May 2013

A study of the history of South African universities from 1918 to 1948 showed that six factors influenced the use of a particular language as a language medium at a university, namely economic and political power, as well as the number of people in the language community (which determines matters such as the official status of the language and the availability of money for universities), lecturers' and students ’ knowledge of the language, its position as scholarly language, language loyalty and attitudes toward other languages and the support enjoyed by language and related ideologies. Whereas these factors were reasonably favourable for Afrikaans universities in the past, they currently pose a threat to the survival of Afrikaans-medium universities. The standpoint is defended that retaining Afrikaans as educational and scholarly language should be an important factor when making decisions on universities. The tension between internationalisation and retention of the own language and culture is also topical in Europe, and steps have been taken to try to protect the retention of Dutch as language medium at Dutch and Flemish universities.
Postmodernisme: doelgerig of vrolike fuif? 'n Polisieroman en 'n moorddroom
Authors: Burger W.
Published: May 2013

The incredulity towards metanarratives in the postmodernist era holds serious implications for historiography. Two "historiographic metafictional novels" (Hutcheon's term), one Flemish and one Afrikaans, are discussed in this article. There is a significant difference in the way these two texts react to ontological doubt. On the one hand there is a celebration of the loss of metanarratives in Het beleg van Laken (Walter van den Broeck). On the other hand this loss is used in a very serious way to undermine existing metanarratives in Kroniek uit die doofpot (John Miles). The joyous humour and celebration in Het beleg van Laken is absent in Kroniek uit die doofpot. It is concluded that some historiographic metafiction frivolously celebrates decentring and the incredulity towards metanarratives. In other historiographic metafiction ontological doubt manifests without humour or celebration and serves to undermine metanarratives. It might he true that the celebration belongs to a late capitalist Western culture whereas it is unsuitable for a developing country.
Bevrijding en verzoening in ‘Libera nos, Domine’
Authors: De Wind M. B.
Published: May 2013

The poem "Libera nos, Domine" appears in the Dutch poet Geerten Gossaert's only published volume of poetry. Experimenten (1911). This poet of the Generation of 1910 has lately drawn renewed interest. In my opinion this particular poem is important, especially in the current literary climate where emphasis is placed on intertextuality. In addition, liberation and reconciliation are topical issues in the current political and religious climate. Gossaert hid behind many disguises which also manifested themselves in his use of a pseudonym. Regarding this poem, it is commonly held that the poet used the disguise of the apostle going to Emmaus. In my opinion the poet also hid behind another figure, and made use of other intertexts. The prevailing view is that the title "Libera nos. Domine” can he traced back to the Lord's prayer as it appears in the Vulgate: it is believed to derive from "Libera nos a malo". In my view the title "Libera nos, Domine" refers to a different intertext, the Requiem, allowing for a different interpretation of this poem.
Die term dramaties: terug na Aristoteles
Authors: Pauw D. A.
Published: May 2013

The word dramatic: Back to AristotleExpressions such as dramatic portrayal, dramatic action or dramatic scene frequently occur in works discussing drama. What is, however, meant by the word dramatic? Do we fully appreciate its meaning as it was meant to be understood by Aristotle in his Ars Poetica? Commencing from Aristotle's definition of tragedy and his ensuing discussion of its elements, the wide spectrum of meaning of the word dramatic is illustrated. The aspects touched upon are the following: the functionality of information, conflict, complication, suspense, turning point, tragic flaw, catharsis and pathos. The identification with protagonist and antagonist is discussed, as well as the relevance of character portrayal for the action. Graphic, exciting and moving descriptions form part of dramatic portrayal, and so do the monologue, the speech and dialogue, finally, the word dramatic may he defined in terms of emotions evoked, while dramatic action mostly comprises a timeless universal truth.
Die klassiflkasie van die antieke Griekse liriekvorms
Authors: Henderson W. J.
Published: May 2013

Early Greek lyric poetry was composed for and performed on specific occasions. Instead o f a general term such as our 'lyric particular forms of 'lyric’ were composed for particular occasions and for particular ways of performance. In this article such distinctions as are encountered among the poets themselves, as well as the theoretical classifications of the 'lyric' forms in the Classical period (5th to late 4th century) as exemplified by Plato and Aristotle, and in the Hellenistic or Alexandrian period (late 4th to 1st century B.C.) - as reflected, inter alia, in the Chrestomatheia of Proclus (410-485 C.E.) are examined.
Om ou koeie uit die sloot te grawe: is daar lesse te leer uit die verlede? — Enkele kantaantekeninge
Authors: Carstens W. A.M.
Published: May 2013

This article focuses on views expressed in newspaper articles and in letters to the editor about the future of Afrikaans in a new political dispensation. It seems as if people do not believe that despite the constitutional assurances of November 1993 - Afrikaans will be able to maintain its present status as one of the official languages of South Africa as the mistakes of the past are constantly being thrown into its face. There have been signs in the business community (for example by Toyota, Coca-Cola, BMW, SA Breweries) and in the political arena that English, rather than Afrikaans, is the favoured language. The views expressed in the articles and letters indicate that the Afrikaans community will not accept this attitude and that a new struggle for language rights (especially those of Afrikaans in the light of the history of Afrikaans) could be the result. This struggle could according to one letter writer - have serious consequences for peace in the country after the assumption of power by a new government will come to power after April 27 1994.
Lucebert en de religie: Een oratorium
Authors: Van der Elst J.
Published: May 2013

This article reviews the intertextual relations between the poetry of the Dutch poet Lucebert and the Bible. Although Lucebert is by no means a religious poet he freely uses Biblical citations and allusions in his poetry. This has special relevance for one of his newest volumes of poetry entitled Troost de hysterische robot - Gedichten en een oratorium (Console the hysterical robot - Poems and an oratorio). The last part of this title refers to an oratorio - which can be defined as a lyrical-musical drama which usually has a religious substance. The Biblical jargon that Lucebert uses does not only refer to texts but also refers to isolated words or phrases which belong to Biblical or religious jargon in general. In his reflections on human destiny and fate, the poet uses many anchoring texts from the Bible. One comes to the conclusion that Lucebert's poems do not fall within the framework of a religious system, but he does use religion and then especially Biblical allusions to testify to his dissatisfaction with established institutions which include the church. The main stylistic device he uses to reach his objective is antithesis, which is also a topic of discussion in this article.