bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinico-histopathological analysis of orbito-ocular lesions: a hospital-based study
Authors: Kafle Santosh Upadhyaya , Singh Mrinalini , Kafle Prerna Arjyal , KC Bal Kumar , Yadav Sanjeev Kumar , KC Anadi Khatri
Published: January 2020

Introductions: Preoperative diagnosis of orbital and ocular lesions is necessary for optimum treatment. The study aims to analyze the histomorphological spectrum of orbito-ocular lesions and to evaluate the need of ancillary techniques for confirmation of diagnosis.

Methods: A cross sectional hospital based study of orbito-ocular surgical biopsy samples obtained in the Department of Pathology, at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital, Nepal during one-year period was analysed for clinical and histopathological findings. Demographic data, site and tissue type, benign or malignant, recommendations for special stains and immunohistochemistry panel study were analysed.

Results: Out of 185 total samples, male to female ratio of 1.1:1, age ranged from ten month to 82 years, 11-20 year age group had 39 (21.1%) orbito-ocular lesions and cornea-conjunctiva was involved in 104 (56.2%). Clinical diagnosis correlated well with histopathological diagnosis, p<0.001. The non-neoplastic, benign and malignant lesions were 36.7%, 33.5% and 29.7% respectively. Squamous cell carcinoma was seen in 28 (50.9%) of malignant lesions followed by sebaceous carcinoma 7 (12.7%). The special stains and immunohistochemistry panel was recommended in 38 (20.5% and 21 (11.3%) cases respectively.

Conclusions: Findings suggest the clinical and histopathological diagnosis correlated well in diagnosis of a wide spectrum of orbito-ocular lesions.
Efficacy of intravenous Tramadol in prevention of catheter-related bladder discomfort in upper urinary tract surgery
Authors: Manandhar Sujita , Manandhar Kishor
Published: January 2020

Introductions: Catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) is common in patients with urinary catheterization. Centrally acting intravenous opioid like Tramadol inhibits detrusor activity and incidence of CRBD. Present study aims to analyze efficacy of intravenous (IV) Tramadol in prevention of CRBD in patients undergoing upper urinary tract surgery.

Methods: Adult patients undergoing elective open upper urinary tract surgeries at Bir Hospital, National Academy of Medical Sciences (NAMS), Nepal, over a period of six months, requiring urinary catheterization were randomly divided into Control (C) and Tramadol (T) groups. After general anesthesia, patients in T-group received IV Tramadol 1.0 mg/kg and C-group received normal saline 30 minutes before extubation. In post-operative ward, CRBD was graded as mild, moderate or severe at 0, 1, 2 and 6 hours. Post-operative Ramsay sedation score and nausea vomiting were compared in two groups.

Results: There were total 70 patients, 35 in each of groups-T and C. Incidence of CRBD in T-group was significantly low compared to the C-group at all points of evaluation (p<0.05). Postoperative sedation score, analgesic requirement and nausea vomiting were not significantly different in two groups.

Conclusions: Intravenous Tramadol administered before extubation in upper urinary tract surgery reduces the incidence of CRBD.
Mutiloculated thymic cyst: unusual presentation of mediastinal mass
Authors: Laudari Uttam , Bhandari Shreya , Ramtel Rupesh , Adhikari Bibhuti , Bhandari Mohan Dev
Published: January 2020

Here we present a case of 47 year male found to have large multiloculated thymic cyst during work up done for recurrent pleural effusion. Mediastinal cyst constitutes 10-15% of all radiographically detected mediastinal masses. Thymic cyst account only 5% of mediastinal masses. Thymic cyst can cause difficulty in diagnosis due to its rare presentation, invasive nature and occasional associated with thymic neoplasm. They have been detected incidentally and associated with Sjögren’s syndrome, aplastic anemia myasthenia gravis and immunocompromised patients. Here we present a case of 47-year-old male initially work up done for recurrent pleural effusion turned out to be large multilocuated thymic cyst improved after excision which had no associated syndromes and immunocompromised state.
Working mother’s awareness and practice regarding feeding of expressed breast milk
Authors: Lama Monika
Published: January 2020

Introductions: Expressed breast milk (EBM) is a healthy feeding option as compared to formula milk for working mothers. Awareness and practice towards EBM may be helpful towards its promotion.

Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at Patan Hospital, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Nepal. Working mothers with breastfeeding child of less than 2 year were interviewed for and practice regarding EBM. A self-constructed open and close ended questionnaire in Nepali was used for data collection to analyze the association of mother’s age, types of family structure and number of children with EBM.

Results: Out of 178 working mothers, 121 (67.9%) had awareness about EBM and 22 had practiced it. Mother’s age, types of family structure and number of children were not statistically significant with level awareness. There was positive correlation between awareness and practice of EBM.

Conclusions: This study demonstrated 2/3rd of working mothers had awareness of EBM and 1/10th practiced EBM feeding, and there was positive correlation of awareness and practice.
Incidence of neonatal hypothermia and its association with low birth weight, preterm delivery, APGAR score and nursing care
Authors: Shrestha Shanta Dangol
Published: January 2020

Introductions: Neonatal hypothermia increases morbidity and mortality . This study aimed to assess the incidence of neonatal hypothermia and its association with low birth weight, preterm delivery, APGAR score and nursing care practices.

Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out to assess the neonatal hypothermia in neonates born via vaginal deliveries at Maternity ward of Patan hospital, Patan Academy of Health Sciences (PAHS), Nepal, during Aug–Sept 2018. The study was approved from institutional review committee of PAHS. Axillary temperature was measured 4 times, at ten minutes and at 1,2, 4 hours after delivery by using Micro Life digital thermometer. The SPSS was used to analyse data for association of hypothermia with low birth weight, preterm delivery, APGAR score and nursing care practices. Chi square and fisher exact tests were used and p<0.05 was considered significant.

Results: Out of 153 neonates, neonatal hypothermia was seen in 61 (39.8%), 66 (43.1%), 52 (33.9%) and 41 (26.8%) at 10 minutes and 1, 2 and 4 hours after delivery. There was statistically significant association between APGAR score and hypothermia at 1 hour. There was significant association between nursing care practices after delivery and hypothermia at 4 hours.

Conclusions: In this study, the incidence of neonatal hypothermia was highoccurringin40% at 10 minutes and 25% at four hours after delivery. Low APGAR score was associated with hypothermia.
Situational judgement test: Psychometric analysis of a pilot study for selecting post graduate medical student in residency program
Authors: Shrestha Ashis , Bhandary Shital , Shrestha Shrijana
Published: January 2020

Introductions: Selection process of post graduate medical students requires combination of knowledge, cognitive abilities and skills. Situational judgement test (SJT) is one on the important tools to measure cognitive abilities and skills. This study aims to measure the internal consistency reliability of SJT tool and item quality for local validation of the non-academic attributes. It also aims to do sub-group analysis of SJT scores based on this tool to provide further evidence for validity.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Patan Academy of Health Sciences (PAHS) in May 2017. Two sets of SJTs were developed after iterative discussion and modification to suit the local context. Set A had five options to a given situation, students had to rank these options from most appropriate to least appropriate. Set B had seven options to a given situations, students had to pick three best options. Medical officers and interns who were working at PAHS as medical officers participated in this study.

Results: One hundred and sixteen medical officers participated in the study. Thirty-nine (33.6%) participants were interns who had graduated from PAHS and 77 (66.4%) were medical officers who had graduated from various institute inside and outside the Nepal. The overall Cronbach’s alpha for 35 questions was 0.65, that for set A (19 questions) was 0.56 and that for set B (16 questions) was 0.52. Adding SJT questions improved value of Cronbach’s alpha for SJT test as 40, 50, 60 and 70 questions gave Cronbach’s alpha of 0.68, 0.73, 0.76 and 0.79. Average percentage correct of set A was 76.3% and that of set B was 60.5%. SJT scores were statistically different for medical graduates from Nepal and different universities within Nepal.

Conclusions: Locally developed situational judgement test is found to be reliable instrument for measuring non-academic construct of post-graduate medical entrance examination.
The North Atlantic trade with Iceland, Shetland, Orkney and the Faroes and the policy of the Hanseatic Diet (1369–1535)
Authors: Hammel-Kiesow Rolf
Published: January 2020

This paper explores the limits of the Hanseatic Diet’s ability to regulate Hanseatic trade with Iceland and the North Atlantic island groups of Shetland, Orkney and the Faroes*. It comes to the conclusion that the Hanseatic Diets prohibited direct commercial links to Shetland, Orkney and the Faroes consistently from 1416, but turned a blind eye to the Iceland trade. The reasons for this inconsistent policy were the necessity of maintaining the Bergen’s monopoly on the stockfish trade (which was also in the interest of the Danish-Norwegian crown),  while at the same time keeping the door open for Hanseatic merchants who were not active in the Bergen trade to forge commercial links with Iceland, albeit at their own risk. The representatives of the Hanseatic towns often preferred to leave an issue undecided, in order to keep as many options open as possible. The huge divergence in the interests of merchants and towns forced the Diet to dissemble, pursuing policies out of the public gaze which subverted the resolutions the Diet had passed for public consumption.
Rumpelstiltsken’s feat: cloth and German trade with Iceland
Authors: Hayeur Smith Michéle
Published: January 2020

Identifying foreign cloth imports in the Icelandic archaeological corpus is difficult at best, yet given widespread similarities in homespun cloth from sites across the country, imported cloth can be identified visually through the presence of refined finishing techniques (such as teaseling, shearing, and fulling) that were uncommon in Iceland and were the products of specialist craftsmen in Europe. This paper examines textile assemblages from deposits datable to the period of Hanseatic trade at three sites, Gilsbakki, Reykholt, and Stóra-Borg that represent two wealthy, interior, parish centres and a moderate-sized coastal farm, respectively. Variations in the number and diversity of imported cloth items within these sites’ assemblages suggest that while Hanseatic material culture was widely spread on Icelandic rural sites, the nature of the material culture sub-assemblages attributable to Hanseatic trade was not obviously a direct function of households’ wealth or proximity to harbours but may have engaged other cultural factors linked to the political and social challenges of the post-Reformation period and the roles of individual households in regional or intra-Icelandic trade.
Medieval and early modern ceramics in urban and rural Norway as evidence for trade within the Hanseatic world
Authors: Demuth Volker
Published: January 2020

In Norway, pottery from the fourteenth to seventeenth centuries is always imported and mostly concentrated in the urban centres. The few finds of pottery from this period in a non-urban context can, however, shed light on the spreading of a continental or Hanseatic culture into the periphery of this country. This paper provides a broad overview of archaeological finds of pottery from Bergen and their implications as sources of cultural history. Furthermore, this paper presents various rural and underwater finds of late medieval and early modern pottery in different regions of Norway, along with a discussion of a possible interpretation of the finds as sources for Hanseatic history.
Shetland and her German merchants, c. 1450–1710
Authors: Smith Brian
Published: January 2020

From around 1450 to 1712 merchants from North German towns, especially Bremen and Hamburg, took ships to the Shetland Islands. They broke the rules of the Hanse with a view to buying fish from the Shetlanders, and gave them goods in exchange that they could not otherwise acquire. They played a vital part in Shetland’s economy, and their activities were regulated by local officials. From 1610, however, they received more and more attention from customs officers, who imposed heavy tolls and duties on them. Battered by those officials, and from the 1690s by privateers and the collapse of the Shetland economy, they hung on until the first decade of the new century. Disappearing, after 1707, they were replaced by enterprising Shetlanders as purchasers and exporters of the Shetlanders’ fish.
Low German influence on the Scandinavian languages in late medieval times – some comments on loan words, word-forming, syntactic structures and names
Authors: Særheim Inge
Published: January 2020

There was a strong influence from the Low German language on the languages in Scandinavia in late medieval times due to the considerable economical and cultural contact and interaction between northern Germany and the Scandinavian countries in this period, especially the Hanse trade. The vocabulary was especially affected, but also the grammatical structure and names. Some place-names from south-western Norway seem to reflect Low German influence. The loans from Low German are well integrated and adjusted to the structure of the Scandinavian languages.
The Notau harbour and the Kontor in Bergen
Authors: Ersland Geir Atle
Published: January 2020

The Hanseatic Kontor in Bergen was one of the main hubs of trade in the North Sea region. This paper explores a possibility suggested in a late sixteenth-century manuscript that the Norwegian Kontor for some time was also located at Notau, a place south of Bergen. It is argued that this written source might refer to the years 1427–33 when the Hanseatic merchants withdrew from Bergen because of an on-going war between King Erik and northern German princes. Notau is mentioned several times in sources from the fifteenth century and most of these references are related to Hanseatic activity. However, viewed in a broader context, Notau stands out as an important harbour on the south-western Norwegian coast, visited both by Norwegians and Hanseatics, as well as travellers from other regions.
Aspects of Hanse archaeology in the Faroe Islands
Authors: Arge Símun V.
Published: January 2020

Compared to the neighbouring countries in the North Atlantic, very few sites in the Faroe Islands can be interpreted as trading sites ascribed to German merchants. This paper deals with physical evidence found around the islands that might attest to such activity. It is based on place-name evidence, local oral traditions, and, not least, archaeological remains, such as buildings and artefacts. A few sites are examined, and the presence of the Germans in the capital of Tórshavn is particularly discussed. Two of the most characteristic buildings at the peninsula of Tinganes, the Munkastovan and Leigubúðin, are reinterpreted. The site of Krambatangi on the island of Suðuroy is equally important for this discussion. Archaeological investigations took place there in 1952. The place-name as well as local tradition connected to the site suggest the presence of a merchants’ booth – a trading site – located by a very fine natural harbour. The site is located close to the local assembly site in the village of Øravík.
Strain rate effect on the acoustic emission characteristics of concrete under uniaxial tension
Authors: Wang Yan , Wang Na , Yan Chao , Zhang Tingting , Chen Lijun , Gu Jie
Published: January 2020

Concrete is an important engineering material whose tensile property plays an important role in structural safety. Thus, the effect of strain rate on crack evolution in concrete during tension cracking cannot be neglected. Within a strain rate range of 10−6 to 10−4 s−1, an acoustic emission monitoring test for the whole process of concrete under uniaxial tension including the post-peak softening stage was conducted. Moreover, damage evolution, along with the cracking mechanism of concrete at various strain rates was discussed with respect to the effect of strain rate on acoustic emission. The results show that the acoustic emission activity of concrete is delayed due to an increase in strain rate. This indicates that the hysteresis of deformation and cracking can be observed in a uniaxial tension test of concrete. During the whole loading process, as the strain rate increased, the average level of the acoustic emission hit rate increased significantly, indicating that an increase in strain rate accelerates crack initiation and propagation in concrete. Average acoustic emission values, duration and energy also show an increasing trend, and the scatter distribution range between them and the acoustic emission amplitude changes significantly, a fact that can be used to identify the damage degree of concrete under different strain rates. A peak frequency and cd4 band wavelet energy spectrum coefficient tends to decrease, while the ca8 band wavelet energy spectrum coefficient increases. In other words, the proportion of low frequency acoustic emission signals increases, indicating that an increase in strain rate increases the proportion of macroscopic cracks in concrete. At various strain rates, the average level of acoustic emission characteristic parameters and the proportion of high frequency signals at the post-peak stage in concrete are higher than those at the pre-peak stage, indicating that the development of microcracks in concrete mainly concentrates during the post-peak softening stage.
Roll optimization via numerical modeling of stress distribution
Authors: Goryany Vyacheslav , Schubrikoff Erich , Myronova Olga
Published: January 2020

Numerous FEM calculation models for load introduction onto rolling mill rolls have been developed. The stress that can arise during heat treatment as well as during roller use was calculated. This has made it possible to optimize roll use conditions and to develop new roll qualities. The following results are described: stress in the heat treatment of rolls, the calculation of large work rolls of a heavy plate mill, the counter-bending of rolls whose body length is greater than 6,000 mm, von Mises stress in roll necks, contact stress at the edge region of working and back-up rolls, stress distribution in pre-stressed composite profile rolls in use
Submerged arc welding of Ramor 500 Steel and numerical modeling of the residual stress
Authors: Gur Ali Kaya , Ozay Cetin , Taskaya Semih
Published: January 2020

Ramor 500 armor steel is classified as a high-strength ballistic protection steel with thicknesses of 505–590 HV with a thickness of 2–30 mm. ANSYS is a simulation software program used in engineering fields. This program is used after the modeling phase and allows testing in a virtual environment before the prototype is produced. In this study, 3 mm thick and 65 × 55 mm Ramor 500 steel which is used as armor steel and basic combat vehicle in the armed forces in the market has been selected. These pairs of steel groups were combined by submerged arc welding at 250 constant amps, 20, 25, 30 volt voltages and 20, 25, 30 cm × min welding feed rates. Radiographic examination tests, metallographic microstructure and microhardness investigations of the structures formed in the intersection after the joints were performed. ANSYS package software has analyzed the mechanical distortions that occur after the merge process. As a result of the analysis, it was examined that all weldings had full penetration in radiographic examination test. In the microstructure examination, a coarse-grained structure from the weld seam to the base material and a grain structure that changed from the smaller grained structure were observed. In the microhardness test and ANSYS software, it was observed that the hardness of the welded seams increased compared to the hardness of the base material, elastic tensions were very high during the welding process and it was replaced by permanent stresses.
Life extension heat treatment of IN 783 bolts
Authors: Zhao Qiang , Wang Jiaqing , Liu Junjian , Wu Yue , Du Xiaodong
Published: January 2020

A large number of strip-like structures were found distributed along the axial direction of inconel 783 alloy bolts. Large-sized Nb were concentrated and precipitated in the interior, which makes the material structure uneven, resulting in a reduction of toughness and plasticity. Adopting a heat treatment method for increasing the solution temperature and at the same time prolonging the aging time improved the material properties to a certain extent. The results show that the large Nb easily develops inclusions, which reduces the impact properties of the material. After heat treatment, the strip-like structures disappeared, the size of the Nb decreased and nano-scale carbides were precipitated out, thus increasing plasticity by 11.5 %, toughness by nearly two times and improving the comprehensive mechanical properties in general.
An Almost Fatal Case of the Hypereosinophilic Syndrome: A Dilemma Between Vasculitis or Clonal Disorder
Authors: Levy Ilana , Kessel Aharon , Paz Alona , Solopov Anna , Weller Boaz , Rimar Doron , Dobrecky-Mery Idit , Levy Ilana , Schliamser Liliana , Croitoru Milian , Jiries Nizar , Ginsberg Shira , Tadmor Tamar
Published: January 2020

Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a rare and potentially life-threatening disorder. While many
conditions can cause eosinophilia, it can also be provoked by rarer diseases such as vasculitis or
myeloproliferative disorders. Here we present an almost fatal presentation of HES characterized with both
vasculitis and clonal features. Treatment with combined chemo-immunotherapy allowed reversal of most
of the complications. There is still much uncertainty in the diagnosis and management of HES, and research
should be done to improve knowledge on pathophysiology and cytogenetics of this disease in order to
improve treatment and prevent life-threatening complications.
Padronização de técnicas por citometria de fluxo para avaliar Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosise células fagocitárias murinas
Authors: RAYNAL JOSÉ TADEU , Pedral Sampaio Geraldo , Lucia Costa Vale Vera , Ferreira de Moura-Costa Lília , Evangelista Fraga Ricardo , Henrique de Melo Santos Herbert , Conceição Aquino de Sá Maria , Lopes Bastos Bruno , Castro Trindade Soraya , Meyer Roberto
Published: January 2020

The understanding of bioprocesses has been allowed the increase of techniques to study cellular interactions, such as flow cytometry (FC). This technic is an important tool for counting and classifying microscopic particles suspended in flowing liquid medium, analyzing parameters from cells diverse origins, including bacteria. Thus, the aim of this study was to standardize protocols by flow cytometry to evaluate the absolute count and physiological aspects of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in murine phagocytic cells. C. pseudotuberculosis was grown in 0.5% BHI –Tween80 medium, followed by the labeling of this microorganism with fluorescent dyes, at different periods and different physiological stages. In the phagocytosis assay, murine peritoneal cells from two strains were used after sodium thioglycolate-induced peritonitis. After cell adhesion, the challenge with stained bacteria was done and after 1h 30 min the adherent cells were trypsinized, washed and centrifuged for the (FC) assay. A growth period similar to a standard microbial growth curve was observed, and allowed to distinguish among different physiological stages. Data obtained from (FC) show phagocytic cell populations containing bacteria in the cytoplasm. A population with low internal complexity, similar to that presented by lymphocytes, and a population with moderate internal complexity similar to that presented by cells of monocytic origin were observed. The (FC) technique with flowering marking was effective to evaluate the growth and viability of C. pseudotuberculosis, as well as the interaction of bacterial cells with murine peritoneal phagocytic cells. Therefore, FC is an efficient technique to evaluating the growth curve of this bacterium, distinguishing different physiological stages, and may even indicate a mechanism of escape from phagocytosis.
Conhecimento sobre a transmissão e profilaxia da Febre amarela no município de São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Santos Ed
Published: January 2020

Yellow fever is an infectious non-contagious disease that can cause acute, febrile and hemorrhagic conditions. The State of São Paulo has experienced an epidemic in the last two years. As Brazil presents an extensive enzootic area for wild yellow fever, knowledge of the main forms of transmission and prophylaxis is fundamental to avoid new epidemics. This study evaluated the population's knowledge about these factors. Although Aedes aegypti has not promoted transmission of the disease in Brazil since 1942, most of the interviewees believe that it is the main vector, however, it is known that vaccination is the best way to prevent the disease.
Viabilidade de isolados de Malassezia pachydermatis e Rhodotorula spp. mantidos em água destilada
Authors: Gois Padilha Hugen Gustavo , SILVA Anna Luiza , SERRA Emanoele Figueiredo , RIPOLL Márcia Kutscher , WALLER Stefanie Bressan , MARTINS Otávia de Almeida , De FARIA Renata Osório , MEIRELES Mário Carlos Araújo
Published: January 2020

Biological collections has a propose to store various ecosystem organisms in laboratories for identification and research. For fungi it is necessary to be careful about which methods of conservation to use, because they have different genres and peculiarities. Among the methods of storage, Castellani (distilled water) is considered a simple form and get good results for its use in the storage of microorganisms in vitro. Therefore, it was proposed the study with the purpose of evaluating the viability of Malassezia pachydermatis and Rhodotorula spp. stored by the Castellani method. Four isolates of M. pachydermatis and three isolates of Rhodotorula spp. by the Center of Diagnosis and Research in Veterinary Medicine (MicVet). The isolates were stored in test tubes containing sterile distilled water for six months at room temperature. Subsequently the tubes were lightly stirred and an aliquot of the solution was seeded in Petri dish containing ideal culture for each fungal species. In the working conditions, all isolates of Rhodotorula spp. were recovered, whereas no isolates of M. pachydermatis had growth. In conclusion, the method of conservation in distilled water was viable for Rhodotorula spp., but it is not suitable for M. pachydermatis.
Determinação da qualidade imunológica do colostro de cadelas por refratometria
Authors: Ferreira Dias FRANCISCA ELDA FERREIRA DIAS , Moraes Albuquerque Suzane de Cássia , Batista Silva Cassia Batista Silva , Silva Cleidson Manoel Gomes da Silva3 , Arrivabene Mônica Arrivabene , Souza Aníbal Pereira de Souza , Rodrigues Samara Dias Cardoso Rodrigues , Cavalcante Tânia Vasconcelos Cavalcante
Published: January 2020

Transfer of immunity in pregnant bitches is inefficient, only 5 to 10% of the antibodies are transferred through the placenta to their offspring. Therefore, newborns are dependent on the transfer of antibodies through colostrum, having a poorly developed immune system. He knows that immediate neonatal diseases represent a great challenge for the veterinarian, since there is a high correlation between canine neonatal mortality and the lower concentration of immunoglobulin in their first days of life. Thus, adequate colostrum intake immediately after delivery of bitches is essential. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of colostrum by digital refractometry (% Brix) in the different pairs of teats of bitches after normal delivery and cesarean section. Ten bitches of different breeds, reproductive ages and varied body characterizations were used, in which the samples were collected in the 24 hours after calving, with females submitted to normal deliveries (n = 4) and cesareans (n = 6). Colostrum samples after normal delivery or cesarean delivery were evaluated by total protein concentration (PT) using the Digital Refractometry (% Brix) technique. Statistical analysis was used ANAVA followed by the Tukey test (P < 0.05). The means of% Brix by digital refractometry of colostrum, collected from bitches that had normal delivery and cesarean were 28.22 ± 1.38 and 27.08 ± 1.65 respectively. No effect of the type of delivery, as well as the type of theta (right x left) on the total protein value evaluated by refractometry was observed. In conclusion, the refractometry method used in this study proved to be practical, low cost and easy to perform and can be easily used. In addition, it was verified that the quality of colostrum in the different pairs of teats of bitches does not present significant differences and does not suffer from the type of delivery.
BAGAIMANA RASA INGIN TAHU REMAJA DITINJAU DARI KEINGINAN UNTUK MENGAKTUALISASIKAN DIRI DALAM RUANG LINGKUP SEKOLAH
Authors: Tarigan Angeline Hosana Zefany , Nugroho Indra Prapto
Published: January 2020

Remaja memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang besar. Keingintahuan ini dapat menyebabkan remaja semakin termotivasi untuk menjadi lebih baik daripada sebelumnya. Rasa ingin tahu pada remaja juga merupakan bagian dari usaha untuk menjadi bermakna tidak hanya bagi dirinya sendiri melainkan juga orang lain. Saat rasa ingin tahu remaja sudah terpenuhi, maka remaja akan terdorong untuk mengaktualisasikan dirinya. Hal ini merupakan bagian dari kebutuhan eksistensi dari remaja. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan hubungan rasa ingin tahu dengan keinginan untuk mengaktualisasikan diri pada remaja. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif korelasional dimana jumlah partisipan sebanyak 100 orang serta menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara rasa ingin tahu dengan aktualisasi diri pada remaja dalam ruang lingkup sekolah (r = 0,581; p = 0,000). Artinya semakin tinggi rasa ingin tahu maka semakin tinggi kemampuan siswa untuk mengaktualisasikan dirinya. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara rasa ingin tahu dengan keinginan untuk mengaktualisasikan diri pada remaja dalam ruang lingkup sekolah. Rasa ingin tahu yang besar menyebabkan individu berusaha mengumpulkan informasi baru dan penting untuk memaksimalkan potensi dalam diri sehingga mampu mengaktualisasikan dirinya._______________________________________________________________ Teenagers have great curiosity. This curiosity can cause teenagers become more motivated to be a better person than before. Curiosity in adolescents is also part of the effort to be meaningful not only for themselves but also for others. When a teenager's curiosity is fulfilled, the teenager will be encouraged to actualize himself. This is the part of the existence needs of adolescents. The purpose of this study is to explain the relationship between curiosity and the desire to actualize themselves in adolescents. This research is a quantitative correlational study where the number of participants is 100 people in which uses Self Actualization Activity Inventory (SAAI). This study uses a simple purposive sampling technique. The results showed that there was a relationship between curiosity and self-actualization in adolescents in the school scope (r = 0.581; p = 0,000). This means that the higher the curiosity, the higher the ability of students to actualize themselves. From this study it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between curiosity and the desire to actualize themselves in adolescents in the scope of the school. Great curiosity causes individuals to try to gather new information and it is important to maximize the potential in themselves so they are able to actualize themselves.
EFFORTS TO INCREASE THROUGH SELF EFFICACY WITH COUNSELING SERVICES TECHNICAL SELF MANAGEMENT TO CONVICTED CRIMINAL IN JAIL II B CLASS LABUHAN DELI 2018
Authors: Lesmana Gusman
Published: January 2020

Prisoners have considered themselves to be a group that is considered dangerous and who consider themselves to have a large disability and are considered low in society. Therefore, there needs to be an effort to improve the prisoners' self-efficacy to improve their motivation in interacting and interacting with other normal communities when they join later in society by using relevant methods namely self management with indicators of development at the stage of self-monitoring or self-observation , self-evaluation and then self-improvement. The phenomenon of rejection of the presence of prisoners has sounded very common. This has a major impact on the survival of prisoners after being released from prison sentences. This study aims to improve the self efficacy of individual ex-prisoners in the Labuhan Deli Class IIB Detention Center using the services of Guidance and Counseling self management techniques. The subject of this study amounted to 85 people, namely inmates in the Labuhan Deli Class IIB Detention Center with a detention period of 6 months down to be free. Self management techniques are forming and changing desired behavior through three stages. The results of the study show that self management techniques are effective in increasing prisoners' self-efficacy to interact with the general public. This research was conducted to explain the quantitative relation between service of counseling technique of Self Management with Self efficacyof convict. The results of the research conclude that the state of Self efficacyof convict community members is at a low level due to the strong rejection from the community towards the convict community. The results and conclusion to answer the positive hypothesis is (r count> r table), so, thus (0.915> 0.304) The analysis process of SPSS from the questionnaire of the research respondents is 40 prisoners sample of 0.915 which means 91.5% with sig. 0,000 the magnitude of the influence of the application of self-management technique counseling to prisoners' self-efficacy.
PROGRAM BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING PRIBADI SOSIAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN PENYESUAIAN DIRI SISWA
Authors: Hairullah Safrudin
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi atas fenomena banyaknya bermunculan boarding school dengan siswa yang memiliki keragaman budaya atau memiliki latar belakang budaya yang berbeda. Kergaman budaya tidak hanya menunjukkan kekayaan budaya tetapi memungkinkan munculnya prasangka-prasangka yang menjurus ke perselisihan antar siswa, pelanggaran norma sosial karena egois budaya masing-masing. Untuk menumbuhkan kebersamaan, toleransi dan penghargaan terhadap budaya lainnya siswa perlu memiliki kemampuan penyesusaian diri, terutama dalam menghadapi keragaman budayanya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan metode deskriptif pengembangan (research and development) yang diarahkan sebagai a process used to develop and validate educational product (Borg dan Gall, 1989). Produk penelitian ini adalah program bimbingan dan konseling pribadi sosial untuk meningkatkan kemampuan penyesuaian diri siswa. Penelitian dilakukan di SMK Negeri 2 Banjarmasin yang tergolong boarding school dengan keragaman budaya siswa. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program bimbingan dan konseling pribadi sosial secara signifikan mampu meningkatkan kemampuan penyesuaian diri siswa terhadap keragaman budaya. Artinya program yang disusun telah mampu meningkatkan pemahaman dan kesadaran terhadap budaya sendiri, budaya lain, norma atau sistem nilai yang berlaku dalam lingkungannya, dan memiliki kemampuan bagaimana berperilaku dalam lingkungannya._________________________________________________________ This research is motivated by the phenomenon of many emerging boarding schools with students who have cultural diversity or have different cultural backgrounds. Cultural diversity not only shows cultural richness but allows the emergence of prejudices that lead to disputes between students, violations of social norms due to the selfish culture of each. To foster togetherness, tolerance and respect for other cultures students need to have the ability to adapt themselves, especially in dealing with cultural diversity. This research uses a quantitative approach and descriptive method of development (research and development) which is directed as a process used to develop and validate educational products (Borg and Gall, 1989). The product of this research is a personal tutoring and social counseling program to improve students' adaptability abilities. The study was conducted at the SMK Negeri 2 Banjarmasin which was classified as boarding school with the diversity of students' cultures. The population of this study was grade X students. The research findings showed that social counseling and personal counseling programs were significantly able to improve students' adaptability to cultural diversity. This means that the programs that have been prepared have been able to increase understanding and awareness of one's own culture, other cultures, norms or value systems that apply in their environment, and have the ability to behave in their environment.
LAYANAN KONSELING KELOMPOK DENGAN TEKNIK POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN DISIPLIN SISWA DI SEKOLAH SMP NEGERI 9 BANJARBARU
Authors: Hasan Hasan , Farial Farial , Nurmiati Nurmiati
Published: January 2020

Disiplin adalah faktor yang sangat penting dimiliki seorang siswa dalam dunia pendidikan dan bekal untuk kehidupan selanjutnya bagi para siswa. Disiplin menunjuk pada kepatuhan seseorang dalam mengikuti peraturan atau tata tertib karena didorong oleh adanya kesadaran yang ada pada kata hatinya dan dikeluarkan oleh dirinya. Biasanya ketertiban terjadi lebih dahulu baru kemudian berkembang menjadi disiplin. Tata tertib adalah peraturan peraturan yang mengikat seseorang atau mengharuskan seseorang dan kelompok guna menciptakan keamanan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan disiplin siswa kelas VIII A SMP NEGERI 9 BANJARBARU dengan penguatan positif (Positive Reinforcement)  dalam  layanan konseling kelompok. Penelitan ini adalah penelitian eksperimen yaitu pre-eksperimental design one-group pretest dan posttest. Hasil penelitian menunjukan sebelum diberikan teknik positive reinforcement dalam penggunaan layanan konseling kelompok rata-rata skornya adalah 261,375 (70,5%) dan sesudah diberikan teknik positive reinforcement dalam penggunaan layanan konseling kelompok maka diketahui hasilnya adalah sebanyak rata-rata 285,375 (77,25%).__________________________________________________________ Discipline is a very important factor for students in the world of education and provision for the next life for students. Discipline refers to a person's approval in following rules or regulations because it is supported by the awareness that exists in the word peace and issued by faith. Usually order occurs first and then develops into discipline. Order is a regulation that binds a person or asks someone and a group to create security. The purpose of this study was to improve the discipline of students of class VIII A SMP NEGERI 9 BANJARBARU with positive reinforcement (Positive Strengthening) in group counseling services. This research is an experimental research that is pre-experimental one-group pretest and posttest design. The results showed before being given a positive reinforcement technique in the use of group counseling services the average score was 261,375 (70.5%) and given a positive reinforcement technique in the use of group counseling services so as to produce an average of 285,375 (77.25%).
Post Two Way Stratification Analysis for Vaccinations in Sudan
Authors: SAAD ALIA
Published: January 2020

The present research deal with post two stratification analysis for vaccinations data of MICS5 in Sudan. In order to guarantee more precision for estimated indicators: percentage of Child ever given BCG, Polio, PENTA and Measles or MMR vaccination. State and mother education level are determined as two stratification variables since the correlation between them is small and the correlation with target indicators are some of size. So the two way stratification analysis for the four indicators gives more precise estimates the post stratification with high relative efficiency.
Geotechnical Characteristics of Mass Movements in Manaus – AM
Authors: Ramos Charles Maciel , Torres Alemar Pereira , Pereira Igor Nonato Almeida , Frota Consuelo Alves da
Published: January 2020

For decades, the urban area of ​​Manaus has been expanding inappropriately, and horizontally, clearing forests and occupying unfit areas for housing. Administrative zones, like the East Zone, did not have the same evolution in their urban infrastructure as this expansion happened. Thus, mass movements arise, mainly due to anthropic factors associated with the presence of geological, topographic and environmental conditions. For the Municipality of Manaus, there is the landslide risk analysis addressed in 2012 by the Geological Survey of Brazil (CPRM) in conjunction with the Municipal Civil Defense. Currently, this risk diagnosis is made through field visits, surface investigation and completion of descriptive form in order to store information of the area under study. This methodology, described by the Ministry of Cities, is widely applied in several Brazilian municipalities with satisfactory results. In this context, the aforementioned procedure was used in the present work, and aiming to reduce subjectivity, the Hierarchical Analysis Process (AHP) was added. In the present study it was observed that this system, besides not modifying the basic approach of the Ministry of Cities method, incorporated a quantitative examination that verified the contribution (in the form of weights) of each danger indicator, besides hierarchizing the slopes with problem. Thus, it was found that the AHP method compared to that applied by the Ministry of the City were similar in the evaluation of the slopes of Jorge Teixeira neighborhood, located in the east zone of Manaus, the region object of the present study, chosen because it was more susceptible to landslide events (CPRM, 2012), aggravated by anthropogenic conditions. It is also verified that the slope stability, employing Bishop's method with the aid of Slope / W software for the slope (S01) in Jorge Teixeira neighborhood, registered results compatible with that found by the AHP method.
CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS IN PAKISTAN (1998-2015)
Authors: Taj Shaista , Shah Zahir , Ahmad Manzoor
Published: January 2020

Pakistan remained under military domination for about 32 years (1958-1971,1977-1988 and 1999 to 2008). The perpetual influence of military overshadowed the civilian in one way or the other. To analyze civil-military nexus accurately, it is necessary to assess how both civil and military leaders handle policy discrepancies between them. The entire concept of the overall civil-military nexus is broadly based on the fact of how to assure civil control over the military. During Musharrafs regime, various nonmilitary practices with the vested interest of the military as a priority encouraged the military greatly while the civilians were kept in the background. But in spite of such defiance towards the army, a sound political leadership could not be brought forward to stand against military power and to keep them confined to their barracks. The civilian power that has governed the country encompasses two families monopoly i.e. the Bhutto and Sharif
Expressing Attitudinal Stance in Pakistani Academic Writing: A Corpus Based Study
Authors: Azher Musarrat , Jehanagir Humaira , Faiz Rabia
Published: January 2020

The present research aims to investigate the use of attitudinal stance devices proposed by Biber (2006) in Pakistani academic writing with respect to variation among disciplines. A special purpose corpus of Pakistani Academic Writing is built up with 235 research dissertations of M.Phil and PhD graduates representing three important disciplines (Humanities, Social Sciences and Sciences) and is tagged for the lexical and grammatical features expressing attitudinal stance to measure the frequency count of each feature out of 1000 words. The frequencies of attitudinal stance devices are separately calculated for each discipline and one way ANOVA is administered to see the significant differences among disciplines on the use of attitudinal stance devices. The findings reveal statistically significant differences among disciplines and would support the ESP syllabus designers and Pakistani academic writers.Key words: Attitudinal Stance Devices, Disciplinary variation, Pakistani Academic writing
Effectiveness of the Teacher Appraisal System in Public Higher Secondary Schools of Punjab (Pakistan)
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad , Arif Seema , Asghar Muhammad Zaheer
Published: January 2020

Quantitative research was conducted to find out the effectiveness of the existing performance appraisal system (PAS). A survey research design was planned to determine the level of awareness of the teachers with the existing teacher appraisal system; moreover, the effectiveness was determined by the level of satisfaction or dissatisfaction of teachers with PAS and its probable effect on teaching practices. A random sampling technique was used to access the target population. A self-constructed questionnaire was distributed among 78 principals of public higher secondary schools and the reliability of the instrument was found to be .862. Step-wise regressions inform us dissatisfaction of teachers is associated with the transparency of the appraisers. Management support and motivation were not found to be significant predictors need for improvement. The results further highlighted that a lack of awareness about PAS negatively affects motivation to perform better. A lot of improvement is needed to make the appraisal process more effective.
Understanding Pakistani Science Students’ Memorization Cognitive Processing Strategies in the Context of Their Culture, Socio-Economic Class and Education System
Authors: Ali Rafaquat , Shahzad Abid , Haidar Syed Zubair
Published: January 2020

Students use cognitive processing strategies (CPS) to learn from learning content. Each kind of CPS leads to specific kind of learning outcomes. The CPS may be broadly grouped into rehearsal, organization and elaboration. The culture, teaching learning situations and students conceptions limit choices to use different CPS. Because of contextual nature of students CPS, qualitative approaches appeared advantageous to explore students CPS. In this study, focus group interviews were used to discover Pakistani students opinions of their CPS. The public-e school students of Punjab were the population of the study. Purposive sampling was used to select sample to conduct focus group interviews. Students views were analysed by implying applied thematic analysis. Rehearsal in its passive form was the sole CPS recognisable in students views. Different aspects and characteristics of rehearsal behaviour were discussed in the context of Pakistani science students culture, teaching methods, parallel education systems and social class