bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PCBs in Sludge: Development of a Practical Extraction Procedure and Its Application in an Urban Water Resource Recovery Facility
Authors: Kaya Devrim , Karakas Filiz , Sanin F. Dilek , Imamoglu Ipek
Published: July 2014

Sludges originating from water resource recovery facilities act as a sink for various contaminants including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Investigation of such pollutants provides detailed information about the pollutant burden of the region from which incoming wastewater is derived. However, the current extraction methods for PCBs in wastewater and sludge are both time‐ and solvent‐consuming. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to develop a practical PCB extraction procedure and to monitor PCB levels in sludge originating from an urban water resource recovery facility (WRRF). Procedure applicability was shown by comparing the extraction results of certified reference materials with that of Soxhlet and by checking surrogate recovery. Diethyl ether, hexane, and hexane:acetone mixture were evaluated as the PCB extraction solvent; hexane was the most efficient solvent with the recovery results (89 to 102%) in an acceptable range of 70 to 130%. The PCB concentrations of the WRRF sludges were in the range of 3.6 ± 0.3 to 64.4 ± 9.3 μg/kg dry matter.
Reconsideration of mass-distribution models
Authors: Ninkovic S.
Published: July 2014

The mass-distribution model proposed by Kuzmin and Veltmann (1973) is
revisited. It is subdivided into two models which have a common case. Only
one of them is subject of the present study. The study is focused on the
relation between the density ratio (the central one to that corresponding to
the core radius) and the total-mass fraction within the core radius. The
latter one is an increasing function of the former one, but it cannot exceed
one quarter, which takes place when the density ratio tends to infinity.
Therefore, the model is extended by representing the density as a sum of two
components. The extension results into possibility of having a correspondence
between the infinite density ratio and 100% total-mass fraction. The number
of parameters in the extended model exceeds that of the original model. Due
to this, in the extended model, the correspondence between the density ratio
and total-mass fraction is no longer one-to-one; several values of the
total-mass fraction can correspond to the same value for the density ratio.
In this way, the extended model could explain the contingency of having two,
or more, groups of real stellar systems (subsystems) in the diagram
total-mass fraction versus density ratio.
Radiative transfer in silylidene molecule
Authors: Sharma M. , Sharma M.K. , Verma U.P. , Chandra S.
Published: July 2014

In order to search for silylidene (H2CSi) in the interstellar medium, Izuha
et al. (1996) recorded microwave spectrum of H2CSi in laboratory and made an
unsuccessful attempt of its identification in IRC +10216, Ori KL, Sgr B2,
through its 717-616 transition at 222.055 GHz. For finding out if there are
other transitions of H2CSi which may help in its identification in the
interstellar medium, we have considered 25 rotational levels of ortho-H2CSi
connected by collisional transitions and 35 radiative transitions, and solved
radiative transfer problem using the LVG approximation. We have found that
the brightness temperatures of 919-818, 918-817, 101,10-919, 1019-918,
111,11-101,10, 111,10-1019 and 121,12-111,11 transition are larger than that
of 717-616 transition. Thus, these transitions may help in detection of H2CSi
in the interstellar medium.
Research of blazars at the Astronomical observatory of Belgrade
Authors: Vince O. , Damljanovic G.
Published: July 2014

At the beginning of 2013, we have a team of scientists at the Astronomical
Observatory of Belgrade, focusing on observations and research of blazars. At
the same time, we established a cooperation with the Astronomical Observatory
of Torino (Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino), center for the Whole Earth
Blazar Telescope (WEBT) international collaboration. In this paper, we
describe the WEBT project, present our equipment as well as some preliminary
results. We also point to some issues that we have encountered during the one
year experience and found important from the observational point of view.
A spectral atlas of λ Bootis stars
Authors: Paunzen E. , Heiter U.
Published: July 2014

Since the discovery of ? Bootis stars, a permanent confusion about their
classification can be found in literature. This group of non-magnetic,
Population I, metal-poor A to F-type stars, has often been used as some sort
of trash can for "exotic" and spectroscopically dubious objects. Some
attempts have been made to establish a homogeneous group of stars which share
the same common properties. Unfortunately, the flood of "new" information
(e.g. UV and IR data) led again to a whole zoo of objects classified as ?
Bootis stars, which, however, are apparent non-members. To overcome this
unsatisfying situation, a spectral atlas of well established ? Bootis stars
for the classical optical domain was compiled. It includes intermediate
dispersion (40 and 120? mm-1) spectra of three ? Bootis, as well as
appropriate MK standard stars. Furthermore, "suspicious" objects, such as
shell and Field Horizontal Branch stars, have been considered in order to
provide to classifiers a homogeneous reference. As a further step, a high
resolution (8? mm-1) spectrum of one "classical" ? Bootis star in the same
wavelength region (3800-4600?) is presented. In total, 55 lines can be used
for this particular star to derive detailed abundances for nine heavy
elements (Mg, Ca, Sc, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Sr and Ba).
Professor Ján Jakubík nonagenarian
Authors: Frič Roman , Ploščica Miroslav
Published: July 2014

This issue of Mathematica Slovaca is in honour of Prof. Ján Jakubík’s 90th birthday. We present here a brief account of his research (to date) and a personal sketch of the gentleman.
Amalgamation bases for the class of lattice-ordered groups
Authors: Bludov V. , Glass A.
Published: July 2014

We prove

TheoremA. The cardinal product of two copies of the integers is an amalgamation base for the class of all lattice-ordered groups but their lexicographic product is not.

This answers Problem 27 of [Black Swamp Problem Book (W. Charles Holland, ed.), Bowling Green State University, 1982].

We also prove

TheoremB. he cardinal product of n copies of the integers is not an amalgamation base for the class of all lattice-ordered groups if n ≥ 3.
Low-dimensional topology and ordering groups
Authors: Rolfsen Dale
Published: July 2014

This expository paper explores the interaction of group ordering with topological questions, especially in dimensions 2 and 3. Among the topics considered are surfaces, braid groups, 3-manifolds and their structures such as foliations and mappings between them. A final section explores currently ongoing research regarding spaces of homeomorphisms and their orderability properties. This is not meant to be a comprehensive survey, but rather just a taste of the rich relationship between topology and the theory of ordered groups.
Hölder categories
Authors: Hager Anthony , Martínez Jorge
Published: July 2014

Hölder categories are invented to provide an axiomatic foundation for the study of categories of archimedean lattice-ordered algebraic structures. The basis of such a study is Hölder’s Theorem (1908), stating that the archimedean totally ordered groups are precisely the subgroups of the additive real numbers ℝ with the usual addition and ordering, which remains the single most consequential result in the studies of lattice-ordered algebraic systems since Birkhoff and Fuchs to the present.

This study originated with interest in W*, the category of all archimedean lattice-ordered groups with a designated strong order unit, and the ℓ-homomorphisms which preserve those units, and, more precisely, with interest in the epireflections on W*. In the course of this study, certain abstract notions jumped to the forefront. Two of these, in particular, seem to have been mostly overlooked; some notion of simplicity appears to be essential to any kind of categorical study of W*, as are the quasi-initial objects in a category. Once these two notions have been brought into the conversation, a Hölder category may then be defined as one which is complete, well powered, and in which

(a) the initial object I is simple, and

(b) there is a simple quasi-initial coseparator R.

In this framework it is shown that the epireflective hull of R is the least monoreflective class. And, when I = R — that is, the initial element is simple and a coseparator — a theorem of Bezhanishvili, Morandi, and Olberding, for bounded archimedean f-algebras with identity, can be be generalized, as follows: for any Hölder category subject to the stipulation that the initial object is a simple coseparator, every uniformly nontrivial reflection — meaning that the reflection of each non-terminal object is non-terminal — is a monoreflection.

Also shown here is the fact that the atoms in the class of epireflective classes are the epireflective hulls of the simple quasi-initial objects. From this observation one easily deduces a converse to the result of Bezhanishvili, Morandi, and Olberding: if in a Hölder category every epireflection is a monoreflection, then the initial object is a coseparator.
The endomorphism spectrum of a monounary algebra
Authors: Jakubíková-Studenovská Danica , Potpinková Katarína
Published: July 2014

The endomorphism spectrum specA of an algebra A is defined as the set of all positive integers, which are equal to the number of elements in an endomorphic image of A, for all endomorphisms of A. In this paper we study finite monounary algebras and their endomorphism spectrum. If a finite set S of positive integers is given, one can look for a monounary algebra A with S = specA. We show that for countably many finite sets S, no such A exists. For some sets S, an appropriate A with spec A = S are described.

For n ∈ ℍ it is easy to find a monounary algebra A with {1, 2, ..., n} = specA. It will be proved that if i ∈ ℍ, then there exists a monounary algebra A such that specA skips i consecutive (consecutive eleven, consecutive odd, respectively) numbers.

Finally, for some types of finite monounary algebras (binary and at least binary trees) A, their spectrum is shown to be complete.
On inverse limits of monounary algebras
Authors: Halušková Emília
Published: July 2014

We study inverse limits of monounary algebras. All monounary algebras A such that A can arise from A only by an inverse limit construction are described. We deal with an existence of an inverse limit. Some inverse limit closed classes are described. The paper ends with two problems.
On the Kluvánek construction of the Lebesgue integral with respect to a vector measure
Authors: Riečan Beloslav
Published: July 2014

The Kluvánek construction of the Lebesgue integral is extended in two directions. First, instead of a compact interval [a, b] in the real line an abstract non-empty set X is considered, instead of the ring generated by subintervals of [a, b] an arbitrary ring A of subsets of X. Secondly, instead of the length of intervals (λ([c, d]) = d−c) any vector measure λ: A→V is considered, where V is a Riesz space.
Representations of zero-cancellative pomonoids
Authors: Paseka Jan
Published: July 2014

Several familiar results on representations of MV-algebras shape the idea that the use of solving systems of linear equations can be studied also in the setting of zero-cancellative commutative pomonoids. This paper investigates this idea and shows that for the class of linearly representable zero-cancellative commutative pomonoids the respective results apply as well.
Uncertainty in Shear Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Beams With Stirrups – Comparison of EN 1992-1-1 and fib Mc 2010 Approaches
Authors: Krejsa Jan , Holicky Milan , Sykora Miroslav
Published: July 2014

The submitted contribution is focused on the model uncertainty related to shear resistance of reinforced concrete beams with stirrups. Using available test results, effects of basic variables on the model uncertainty are analysed. Considering the section-oriented models provided in EN 1992-1-1 and in the new fib Model Code 2010 are critically compared. Proposed probabilistic description of the model uncertainty consists of the lognormal distribution having the mean and coefficient of variation dependent on the considered model. Strength of shear reinforcement seems to be the most important basic variable for most of the considered models.
Verification of Flexural Behavior and Simplified Modeling of Steel-Concrete Composite Bridge
Authors: Odrobinak Jaroslav
Published: July 2014

An experimental verification of actual flexural behavior of composite steel-concrete girder bridge is presented. The comparison of the experimentally obtained values with the values calculated using suitable computational model is also given in the paper. Introduction of changes in stiffness of concrete slab due to concrete cracking into the global analysis is discussed, too.
Algorithmization of Reliability-Based Optimization
Authors: Slowik Ondřej , Novák Drahomír
Published: July 2014

The paper presents newly developed university software FNPO designed for reliability-based optimization. The program works with a newly proposed optimization method called Aimed Multilevel Sampling (AMS) in the optimization cycle of reliability-based optimization. For simulation at different levels of the algorithm AMS and reliability calculations program uses cyclic calls of program FReET - so called double-loop approach. The developed software enables to optimize model of general complexity with consideration of deterministic and/or reliability constraints.
Experimental Measurements of Prestressed Masonry with using Sliding Joint
Authors: Stara Marie , Janulikova Martina
Published: July 2014

Contribution deals with experimental measurements of deformations in the place exposed to local load caused by additional pre-stressing. The measurements are made at the masonry corner built in the laboratory equipment. The laboratory equipment was designed at Faculty of Civil Engineering VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava for measurement tri-axial stress-strain conditions in masonry. In this masonry corner two pre-stressing bars are placed. These bars are in different height and are anchored to the anchor plates, which transfer pre-stressing forces to the masonry. The specimen for laboratory testing is performed in the proportion to the reality of 1:1. In the bottom part masonry is inserted asphalt strip. It operates in the masonry like a sliding joint and reduces the shear stress at interface between concrete and masonry structures. The results are compared with the results of masonry without the use of sliding joints, including comment on the effect of sliding joints on the pre-stressing masonry structures.
Transmission of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus from father to child: a report of limited person-to-person transmission, Guangzhou, China, January 2014
Authors: Xiao X C , Li K B , Chen Z Q , Di B , Yang Z C , Yuan J , Luo H B , Ye S L , Liu H , Lu J Y , Nie Z , Tang X P , Wang M , Zheng B J
Published: July 2014

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
Two clustered cases of confirmed influenza A(H5N1) virus infection, Cambodia, 2011
Authors: Chea N , Yi S D , Rith S , Seng H , Ieng V , Penh C , Mardy S , Laurent D , Richner B , Sok T , Ly S , Kitsutani P , Asgari N , Roces M C , Buchy P , Tarantola A
Published: July 2014

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
Genesis of the novel human-infecting influenza A(H10N8) virus and potential genetic diversity of the virus in poultry, China
Authors: Qi W , Zhou X , Shi W , Huang L , Xia W , Liu D , Li H , Chen S , Lei F , Cao L , Wu J , He F , Song W , Li Q , Li H , Liao M , Liu M
Published: July 2014

Human infection with a novel influenza A(H10N8) virus was first described in China in December 2013. However, the origin and genetic diversity of this virus is still poorly understood. We performed a phylogenetic analysis and coalescent analysis of two viruses from the first case of influenza A(H10N8) (A/Jiangxi-Donghu/346-1/2013 and A/Jiangxi-Donghu/346-2/2013 and a novel A(H10N8) virus (A/chicken/Jiangxi/102/2013) isolated from a live poultry market that the patient had visited. The haemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), PA subunit of the virus polymerase complex, nucleoprotein (NP), M and nonstructural protein (NS) genes of the three virus strains shared the same genetic origins. The origins of their HA and NA genes were similar: originally from wild birds to ducks, and then to chickens. The PA, NP, M, and NS genes were similar to those of chicken influenza A(H9N2) viruses. Coalescent analyses showed that the reassortment of these genes from A(H9N2) to A(H10N8) might have occurred at least twice. However, the PB1 and PB2 genes of the chicken A(H10N8) virus most likely originated from H7-like viruses of ducks, while those of the viruses from the case most likely stemmed from A(H9N2) viruses circulating in chickens. The oseltamivir-resistance mutation, R292K (R291K in A(H10N8) numbering) in the NA protein, occurred after four days of oseltamivir treatment. It seems that A(H10N8) viruses might have become established among poultry and their genetic diversity might be much higher than what we have observed.
Rapid spread of the novel respiratory syncytial virus A ON1 genotype, central Italy, 2011 to 2013
Authors: Pierangeli A , Trotta D , Scagnolari C , Ferreri M L , Nicolai A , Midulla F , Marinelli K , Antonelli G , Bagnarelli P
Published: July 2014

Respiratory infections positive for human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) subtype A were characterised in children admitted to hospitals in Rome and Ancona (Italy) over the last three epidemic seasons. Different strains of the novel RSV-A genotype ON1, first identified in Ontario (Canada) in December 2010, were detected for the first time in Italy in the following 2011/12 epidemic season. They bear an insertion of 24 amino acids in the G glycoprotein as well as amino acid changes likely to change antigenicity. By early 2013, ON1 strains had spread so efficiently that they had nearly replaced other RSV-A strains. Notably, the RSV peak in the 2012/13 epidemic season occurred earlier and, compared with the previous two seasons, influenza-like illnesses diagnoses were more frequent in younger children; bronchiolitis cases had a less severe clinical course. Nonetheless, the ON1-associated intensive care unit admission rate was similar, if not greater, than that attributable to other RSV-A strains. Improving RSV surveillance would allow timely understanding of the epidemiological and clinicopathological features of the novel RSV-A genotype.
European survey on laboratory preparedness, response and diagnostic capacity for Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever, 2012
Authors: Fernandez-García M D , Negredo A , Papa A , Donoso-Mantke O , Niedrig M , Zeller H , Tenorio A , Franco L , the ENIVD members collective
Published: July 2014

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
Phylogeny and antagonistic activity of some protoplast fusants in Trichoderma and Hypocrea
Authors: Hassan Mohamed M. , Ismail Ismail A. , Sorour Abd El-Latif A.
Published: July 2014

The present work aimed to apply mutagenesis and inter-specific protoplast fusion techniques of two locally isolated Hypocrea and Trichoderma to enhancement their biocontrol abilities against some important plant fungal pathogens which cause damping-off diseases that attacking different crops. The mutants were selected after EMS/UV treatment of Trichoderma isolates. The obtained protoplasts were fused by polyethylene glycol, and six fusants were selected for further studies. The phylogeny of the parental strains was carried out using sequence of ITS region. The BLAST of the obtained sequence was identified these isolates as H. koningii and T. asperellum. The fused protoplasts of the two mutant strains have been regenerated on PDA medium supplemented with the two fungicides. Most of the fusants exhibited fast mycelial growth on PDA as compared to parent strains. The obtained results indicated that partial or incomplete genetic recombination may be possible during nuclear and cytoplasmic protoplast fusion. Most of the fusants have shown powerful antagonistic activity against the grapevine pathogens as Pythium ultimum and Fusarium roseum as shown in dual culture and observed by SEM technique. Results of the present study demonstrated the scope and significance of the protoplast fusion technique, which can be used to develop superior hybrid strains of filamentous fungi that absent sexual stages in Trichoderma enhance biological control activity.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i2.10113 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(2): 146-151
Profile of Paediatric Poisoning at a Tertiary Care Center in Karnataka
Authors: Dnyanesh DK , Dnyanesh Suma , Bellad Roopa
Published: July 2014

Objectives: To determine the profile and outcome of paediatric patients presenting with poisoning to a tertiary care center in Karnataka. Methods: Retrospectively we studied the PICU records of all the paediatric patients who presented with acute poisoning during the 4-years period from Feb 2010 to Jan 2014. All children aged less than 18 years with a definite history and suspected cases of poisoning were included. Results: 106 patients presented with acute poisoning during the study period. The majority of our patients were in the 0 - 6 year age group. Poisoning in this age group was most common with higher frequency in males, the ratio being 1.2:1. The agents most frequently used were hydrocarbons (43.1%), pyrethrine compounds 15.5%, Organo-Chlorine compounds 12.1%drugs, Organo-Phospherous compounds 12.1%, drugs 1.8%. In 1 - 6 year age group 54.7% cases were accidental in nature, whereas in the 12 - 18 year group 93.3% were suicidal. All patients were symptomatic and needed symptomatic or definitive treatment. 21 patients required mechanical ventilation. Almost 3/4th of patients underwent Gastric lavage. Specific antidote was given to 41 patients. 2 patients of OP poisoning died. Conclusion: Our study concluded that accidental poisoning is common in 0-6 year children, the common substance being used in rural areas was kerosene and in urban areas it was found to be pyrethrin compounds. Lack of awareness of parents regarding appropriate storage of these dangerous household products is the main cause. Measures should be taken to educate the parents and public in order to decrease the poisoning cases. Suicidal cases are increasing in adolescents and precipitating factors like exam fear, exam failure, love failure and parental pressure regarding studies needs counseling of both parents and childrenDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i2.10140Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(2): 142-145
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Fish Tissue of Oreochromis Mossambicus Collected from Kedilam River, Cuddalore, Tamilnadu, India
Authors: Bhuyan Gyaneswar , Anandhan R. , Kavitha V.
Published: July 2014

Qualitative and quantitative histological alteration was taken to analyze in fish Oreochromis mossambicus collected from Kedilam River at three stations, which receive mostly industrial effluent and municipal runoff. Histoarchitecture of tissue alteration and percentage of prevalence was used as protocol for analysis. Results showed that number of histological alteration observed in gill like structural alteration of epithelium, epithelial lifting, fusion of secondary lamellae and hyperplasia. In liver blood congestion, regressive changes like degeneration of hepatocytes, vacuolation, and necrosis observed where as in kidney it shows glomerular congestion, tubular degeneration, progressive changes like hypertrophied epithelial cells, haemorrhage in bowman’s space. Among the three stations severe histological alteration and percentage prevalence was observed in order of station 1> station 2 >station 3. Highest histological alteration and percentage of prevalence in three organs of fish o. mossambicus are kidney >gill >liver. The major reason for this histological alteration and contamination of fish is mostly due to industrial effluent. Repeated and continuous monitoring is must needed to protect the aquatic organism.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i2.10141Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(2): 135-141
Degrading and Detoxifying Industrial Waste Water using Bioremediation Approach
Authors: Agrawal P. K. , Prabha Sangeet , Mittal Shalu
Published: July 2014

Bioremediation uses various microorganisms to detoxify or degrade various harmful substances in the nature, particularly soil and water. In the proposed work, five species of micro-organisms were used to analyse their impact on various physico-chemical parameters of water. In the first attempt the actual physico chemical parameters of the collected sample water were noted down (Fresh sample parameters). Then the sample water was treated with micro-organisms (one at a time). The growth of microbes was noted carefully over 96 hours after inoculation. The physico chemical parameters were recorded again and were compared with the fresh sample parameters. The results were analysed for any change and on this basis an impact factor was developed. The study reveals all the selected microbes have a great capacity of degrading and simplifying the complex molecules into simpler ones. Bioremediative treatment further enhances this capacity and therefore this approach can be utilized on large scale to minimize pollution of water bodies.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i2.10146Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(2): 132-134
Comparative Efficacy of Different Mastitis Markers for Diagnosis of Sub-Clinical Mastitis in Cows
Authors: Langer Anil , Sharma Sunanda , Sharma Narendra Kumar , Nauriyal DS
Published: July 2014

Seven hundred ninety six milk samples from 266 quarters of 69 lactating cows were subjected to microbiological investigations for identification of pathogens. One hundred ninety bacterial isolates were recovered from 89 infected quarters, among these monomicrobial infection was found in 50 (56.2%) quarters, whereas, mixed infection was observed in 39 (43.8%) quarters. Bacterial isolates identified were Staph. chromogenes (49.47%), Staph. hyicus (21.1%), Staph. epidermidis (11.05%), Str. agalactiae (5.8%), Staph. aureus (4.2%), Staph. intermedius (3.1%), Enterobacter sp. (1.5%), Klebsiella sp., E. coli (1.05%), Micrococcus sp. (1.05%) and Serratia marcescens (0.52%). Milk samples from every quarter of each cow were also subjected to 6 mastitis marker tests named Somatic cell count (SCC), California mastitis test (CMT), electrical conductivity (EC) by EC-meter as well as by Hand-held mastitis detector, pH detection by impregnated paper strip and also by pH meter. Efficacy of mastitis markers for diagnosis of sub-clinical mastitis was determined by comparing results of mastitis marker tests with microbiological findings. Mean value of SSC in milk from healthy quarters was significantly lower (p than that in milk from infected quarters. Significantly higher (p value of SSC was observed in milk samples having coagulase positive staphylococci as compared to that in milk from quarter with coagulase negative pathogens. The mean electrical conductivity (EC) in milk samples from infected quarters was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that from healthy quarters. Numbers and percentages of samples showing true positive, true negative, false positive and false negative results with SSC, CMT, EC by EC-meter, EC by hand-held meter, pH by impregnated strips, pH by digital pH-meter tests were evaluated and compared. The sensitivity and specificity of impregnated pH paper strip, CMT, pH-meter test, SCC, electrical conductivity by EC-meter and the same by Hand-held mastitis detector were evaluated The compatibility between the results of SCC, impregnated pH paper strip, CMT, EC-meter, pH-meter, Hand-held mastitis detector and bacteriological culture examination (reference test) was found to be 64.4, 63.4, 61.5, 59, 59 and 53 respectively.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i2.10191Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(2): 121-125
Effect of Flue Gas on Microalgae Population and Study the Heavy Metals Accumulation in Biomass from Power Plant System
Authors: Guruvaiah Mahendraperumal , Lee Keesoo
Published: July 2014

Microalgae have high photosynthetic efficiency that can fix CO2 from the flue gas directly without any upstream CO2 separation, and concomitantly produce biomass for biofuel applications. These gases, both untreated and treated into current discharge standards, contain CO2, N2, H2O, O2, NOx, SOx, CxHy, CO, particulate matter, halogen acids and heavy metals. Microalgae population studies were conducted in a batch mode experiments at Power plant site of Chamois, Missouri. The experiments were conducted in different period (June to December 2011) of time. This study evaluated the effect of several heavy metals that are present in flue gases on the algae, focusing on the growth and accumulation of lipids in the algae that can be converted to biodiesel. The genus Scenedesmus presented the greatest richness of species and number of counted individuals in the flue gas ponds compare than non flue gas treatment ponds. Among the diatomaceae the genus Navicula sp, Nitizchia sp and Synedra sp. presented the next subdominant richness in the ponds. The last results of counted green algae Ulothrix sp and Coelastrum sp were least number of cells reported in these ponds. The heavy metal-contaminated in flue gas and also enter into the microalgae biomass population. Comparative studies were carried out by flue gas and control system of open ponds. Control system of microalgae population was represented in less amount of heavy metals compare than flue gas ponds.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i2.10247 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(2): 114-120
In Vitro Callus Induction and Regeneration Potentiality of Aromatic Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars in Differential Growth Regulators
Authors: Roly Zahida Yesmin , Islam Md. Mahmudul , Shaekh Md. Pallob Ebna , Arman Md. Saiful Islam , Shahik Shah Md. , Das Dipesh , Haamem Md. Mujjammil E , Khalekuzzaman Dr. Md.
Published: July 2014

Abstract Aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars are strong aromatic rice cultivars which can thrive well in rice fields prone to flood, drought and other soil constraints. The present investigation was undertaken to determine a suitable media compositions for callus induction and regeneration using immature embryo of six aromatic grown rice cultivars of Bangladesh, namely, Chinigura, Kalijira, Radhuni Pagal, Modhumala, Kataribog and Mohonbhog. For callus induction different concentrations and combinations of 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyaceticacid (2, 4-D) along with NAA were evaluated. Maximum callus induction (97.22%) was observed in Kalijira when 2 mg/L of 2, 4-D and 0.5 mg/l NAA was used and less Modhumala (66.67%) and remaining cultivars showed moderate. For regeneration initially different concentrations and combinations of 6-BenzylAminoPurine (BAP) and Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IBA) were tested. Maximum regeneration frequency (91.67%) was observed Kalijira when the optimum concentrations and combinations of 0.5 mg/l of BAP + 0.1 of mg/l IBA were used. Presently optimized regeneration method holds promise for facilitating the deployment of agronomical important trait through genetic transformation for the improvement of this important food crops.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i2.10313Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(2): 160-167
Documentation of Invasive Alien Plants Species of Rupandehi District, Western Nepal
Authors: Singh Anant Gopal , Sharma Anil
Published: July 2014

Invasive species are non-native to the locality. They have been introduced in any area both accidentally and intentionally. Their introduction undoubtedly modifies the structure and functions of the ecosystem supply and alters the rate of nutrient cycling. Invasive alien species compete with the crop mainly for water, light, and nutrients. During study we have collected fifty-five species which are invasive and alien. They directly affect the productivity of food crop like rice, wheat, maize etc.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i2.10370Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(2): 168-175
Physico-Chemical and Biological Parameters of the Three Rural Ponds of Sasaram of Bihar
Authors: Choudhary Jyoti , Singh S.N. , Singh Sunita
Published: July 2014

Physico chemical and biological parameters of the three rural pond of Sasaram,Bihar has been studied to see the present condition for its better utilization. The study revealed that parameters are within permissible limit for fish culture and the stocking should be done as per the productivity of the water. As per the BOD estimation the ponds falls under moderately polluted category.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i2.10371Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(2): 206-210
Hepatoprotective effect of Alchornea cordifolia leaf on liver damage in albino rats
Authors: Jacob J. M. , Olaleye M. T. , Olugbuyiro J. A. O.
Published: July 2014

Ethnopharmacological relevance: The dry leaf of Alchornea cordifolia (AC) is used, in traditional medicine in the S Nigeria, for the preparation of blood tonic, remedies for urinary, respiratory, liver and gas intestinal disorders. Aim of the study: This study investigated the protective property of AC leaf against liver damage in animals with a view to exploring its use for the treatment of hepatotoxicity in humans. Material and methods:  Ethanol extract of A. cordifolia was used to study the hepatoprotective activity in acetaminophen-induced Albino rats (150-200g). Animals in Group 1 served as vehicle control, Group 2 served as hepatotoxin (Acetaminophen 2g/kg treated) group, Groups 3 and 4 served as positive control (Vitamin E and Curcumin 100 mg/kg bw respectively) groups, and Groups 5-8 served as (200-500mg/kg bw) AC leaf extract treated groups while Group 9 served as normal group (AC extract only 300 mg/kg bw). Results: The hepatotoxic group showed hepatocytic necrosis, cellular infiltration and inflammation in the liver. The treatment group restored the liver cells to their normal lobular architecture in a dose dependent manner. The protection offered by the plant extract compared well with the standard antioxidant agents (Curcumin and Vitamin E). Tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins were detected in the phytochemical screening. Conclusion: Our findings suggest Alchornea cordifolia ethanol leaf extract as promising herpatoprotective herb and give credence to the folkloric use of this plant for the treatment of liver problems.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i2.10473Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(2): 217-221
Decentralization of Scientific Research in Nepal
Authors: Shrivastava Umesh Prasad
Published: July 2014

No abstractDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i2.10655
A single but prolonged and eventually fatal episode of capillary leak syndrome with a diagnosis of a small tumor mass B cell lymphoma
Authors: Schlier Majorie , Rondeau-Lutz Murielle , Weber Jean-Christophe
Published: July 2014

The capillary leak syndrome is a rare and serious condition. It is characterized by acute episodes of extravasation of liquids and proteins through the capillary wall to the interstitial space, with generalized edema, hemoconcentration, hypoproteinemia. Most often, capillary leak syndrome is idiopathic. Some cases are associated with neoplastic diseases. We describe a new case of capillary leak syndrome as a paraneoplastic syndrome of a large-B-cell lymphoma. This case is unusual because of the evolution of the capillary leak syndrome during a single but extended and fatal episode. The etiologic diagnosis in this case was particularly difficult to prove because of the small tumour mass. Our case report is thus the fourth reported case of capillary leak syndrome revealing a B-cell lymphoma with a small tumour mass. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaim.v3i1.10702   Journal of Advances in Internal Medicine 2014;03(01):34-37
A study of the energy enhancement of electron in radio frequency (RF) linear accelerator of iris loaded waveguards
Authors: Nguyen H.-B. , Trinh H.-L. , Chau V.-T. , Nguyen V.-T.
Published: July 2014

In this paper the Hamiltonian theory of particle motion has been applied for developing the motion equations of electrons in linear accelerator of Iris-loaded waveguides. Using J. C. Slater asumption for determining electric field in Oz direction, the energy increase of electron in the guide wave pipe following the linacs resonance cavity with circulated electromagnetic distribution and repeat-cycle of given number of resonance cavities has been developed. The energy gain of electron following the electron way in Oz axle direction of the accelerator with the different injection phase and phase shift of RF has been obtained. The results indicate that the energy increase of electron depends on the injection phase of RF and cell-to-cell phase shift.
Learning from Electric Cars as Socio-technical Mobility Experiments
Authors: Newman Daniel , Wells Peter , Nieuwenhuis Paul , Donovan Ceri , Davies Huw
Published: July 2014

This article considers electric cars as socio-technical experiments in meeting mobility requirements. There have been numerous trials and government incentives to promote such vehicles, but with a notable lack of success. The article thus seeks to address an urgent need to understand such “transition failure,” which may ultimately impact upon how progress is measured in sociotechnical transitions. Presenting results from a recent research project, it is suggested that shared usage models hold greater potential for achieving sustainable personal mobility. It is concluded, however, that multiple niche experiments present a highly complex situation in which cumulative learning is problematic.
Rail Networks, Mobility, and the Cultures of Cities
Authors: Spalding Steven D.
Published: July 2014

Scholars writing about railway mobility have pointed to the rails' impact on the culture of cities, while urban theorists and critics have cited the crucial importance of movement and mobility to how cities are lived. A truly interdisciplinary approach, which balances the priorities of mobility studies and urban studies, and informs itself through compelling cultural artifacts (including visual, literary, or other media) offers insight into the processes of urban cultural production and their close link to the discursive valences of urban rail mobility.
Harry Beck's London Underground Map
Authors: Schwetman John D.
Published: July 2014

After Harry Beck designed his map of the London Underground, it became an icon of the city and a model for maps in other large transit networks around the world. The map allowed its readers to see themselves as components of the large, organized structure of the metropolis but also confronted them with the possibility of losing themselves to that structure. An analysis of the post-Beck subway map tradition shows it to be a battleground between the zeal for order and the latent chaos at the heart of the urban communities that the map represents and also situates this conflict in a larger context of the emergence of a global societal structure bound together by the control of capital and of the information that enables such control.
Reflections on Rails and the City
Authors: Revill George
Published: July 2014

As the articles in this special section show, railways mark out urban experience in very distinctive ways. In the introduction, Steven D. Spalding makes plain there is no clear relationship between railway development and the shape and size of cities. For many cities, suburban rail travel has been either substantially insignificant or a relative latecomer as a factor in urban growth and suburbanization. Walking, tramways and the omnibus may indeed have had a much greater impact on built form, yet the cultural impact of railways on the city life should not be minimized. Iconic city stations are both objects of civic pride and socially heterogeneous gateways to the promise of a better urban life. The physical presence of substantial tracts of infrastructure, viaducts, freight yards and warehousing, divide and segregate residential districts encouraging and reinforcing status differentials between communities. Subways, metros, and suburban railways open on to the often grubby quotidian underbelly of city life whilst marking out a psychic divide between work and domesticity, city and suburb. Railways not only produced new forms of personal mobility but by defining the contours, parameters, and possibilities of this experience, they have come to help shape how we think about ourselves as urbanized individuals and societies. The chapters in this special section mark out some of this territory in terms of, for example: suburbanization, landscape, and nationhood (Joyce); the abstractions of urban form implicit in the metro map (Schwetman); the underground as a metaphor for the topologically enfolded interconnections of urban process (Masterson-Algar); and the competing lay and professional interests freighting urban railway development (Soppelsa). In the introduction Spalding is right to stress both the multiple ways that railways shape urban experience and the complex processes that continuously shape and re-shape urban cultures as sites of contest and sometimes conflict. As Richter suggests, in the nineteenth century only rail travel demanded the constant and simultaneous negotiation of both urban social disorder and the systematic ordering associated with large technological systems and corporate business. Thus “the railroad stood squarely at the crossroad of the major social, business, cultural and technological changes remaking national life during the second half of the nineteenth century.”
Comparison of two algorithms for the application of real-time image mosaicking in neuroendoscopy
Authors: Liebig Kay Niklas , Maslehaty Homajoun , Petridis Athanasios K. , Konen Wolfgang , Scholz Martin
Published: July 2014

Object

Neuroendoscopy is used more and more frequently in neurosurgical procedures and has become an important tool in the neurosurgical armamentarium. However, the main restriction of neuroendoscopy is the limited field of view. A better overview of the area of interest would increase surgical safety and decrease procedure-related morbidity rates. In the present study, the authors aimed to improve this restriction by using and comparing two algorithms to create endoscopic panoramic images, which increase the field of view during neuroendoscopic procedures.

Methods

Different endoscopic methods with or without a stand and with linear or circular endoscope movements were performed in cadaveric ventricles. Video of the endoscopy was used to create image mosaics of the lateral ventricle with the help of the Kourogi or LogSearch (LS) algorithm. In the LS algorithm, different template sizes were used. Three observers graded the quality of the image mosaic in terms of usefulness in surgery. The fastest frame rate was 3–4 frames/second.

Results

The LS algorithm with a larger template size showed significantly better results for the creation of image mosaics than the Kourogi algorithm in linear endoscopic movement with or without a stand. In circular endoscopic movements, the results seemed to be better with the LS algorithm but were not significantly different from those obtained with the Kourogi algorithm. In summary, image quality in the experimental paradigms was satisfying.

Conclusions

Results in the study showed that the creation of image mosaics is possible and reliable with the featured algorithms. Image mosaicking is an applicable device for neuroendoscopy and can increase the field of view during endoscopic procedures. Its use can increase the safety and the field of application of neuroendoscopy. However, faster frame rates will be required to create a smooth image for practical use during surgery.
Predictors of outcome in civilians with gunshot wounds to the head upon presentation
Authors: Gressot Loyola V. , Chamoun Roukoz B. , Patel Akash J. , Valadka Alex B. , Suki Dima , Robertson Claudia S. , Gopinath Shankar P.
Published: July 2014

Object

Prediction of outcome from initial presentation after a gunshot wound to the head (GSWH) is essential to further clinical decision making. The authors' goals are to report the survival and functional outcomes of these patients, to identify prognostic factors, and to propose a scoring system that can predict their outcome.

Methods

The records of 199 patients admitted with a GSWH with dural penetration between 1990 and 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. The inclusion criterion was a CT scan available for review. Patients declared brain dead on presentation were excluded, which yielded a series of 119 patients. Statistical analysis was performed using a logistic regression model.

Results

Fifty-eight (49%) of the 119 patients died. Twenty-three patients (19%) had a favorable outcome defined as a 6-month Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score of moderate disability or good recovery, 35 (29%) had a poor outcome (GOS of persistent vegetative state or severe disability), and 3 (3%) were lost to follow-up. Significant prognostic factors for mortality were age older than 35 years, nonreactive pupils, bullet trajectory of bihemispheric (excluding bifrontal), and posterior fossa involvement compared with unihemispheric and bifrontal. Factors that were moderately associated with higher mortality included intracranial pressure (ICP) above 20 mm Hg and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score at presentation of 3 or 4. Upon multivariate analysis, the significant factors for mortality were bullet trajectory and pupillary response. Variables found to be significant for good functional outcome were admission GCS score greater than or equal to 5, pupillary reactivity, and bullet trajectory of unihemispheric or bifrontal. Factors moderately associated with good outcome included age of 35 years or younger, initial ICP 20 mm Hg or lower, and lack of transventricular trajectory. In the multivariate analysis, significant factors for good functional outcome were bullet trajectory and pupillary response, with age moderately associated with improved functional outcomes. The authors also propose a scoring system to estimate survival and functional outcome.

Conclusions

Age, pupils, GCS score, and bullet trajectory on CT scan can be used to determine likelihood of survival and good functional outcome. The authors advocate assessing patients based on these parameters rather than pronouncing a poor prognosis and withholding aggressive resuscitation based upon low GCS score alone.