bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL, PELATIHAN DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA GURU DI SMPN 1 KECAMATAN LUAK KABUPATEN LIMA PULUH KOTA
Authors: Adrizal Adrizal , Putri Anne
Published: October 2020

This study aims to look at the influence of emotional intelligence, training and work environment on teacher performance in SMPN 1 Luak District, Lima Puluh Kota. This type of research is quantitative research using survey methods. The sample in this study were 35 teachers with PNS and Non PNS status. The data analysis method used is SEM (Structural Equation Modelin ) analysis technique based on PLS ( Partial Lea st Square) variance .Data collected through questionnaires, interviews and documentation studies. The results of this study indicate that emotional intelligence has a significant positive effect on teacher performance. The higher the emotional intelligence, the higher the teacher's performance. This is indicated by the value of the original sample (coefficient) of emotional intelligence variables of 0.524, and p-value of 0.000. Training has a significant positive effect on teacher performance. The better the training, the better the teacher's performance, this is indicated by the value of the original sample of training variables of 0.296 and p-value of 0.034. The work environment has no effect on teacher performance. This is indicated by the original sample value of the work environment variable of 0.180 and the p-value of 0.165 which is greater than the alpha of 0.05.Keywords : Emotional Intelligence, Training, Work Environment, Teacher PerformanceThis study aims to look at the influence of emotional intelligence, training and work environment on teacher performance in SMPN 1 Luak District, Lima Puluh Kota. This type of research is quantitative research using survey methods. The sample in this study were 35 teachers with PNS and Non PNS status. The data analysis method used is SEM (Structural Equation Modelin ) analysis technique based on PLS ( Partial Lea st Square) variance .Data collected through questionnaires, interviews and documentation studies. The results of this study indicate that emotional intelligence has a significant positive effect on teacher performance. The higher the emotional intelligence, the higher the teacher's performance. This is indicated by the value of the original sample (coefficient) of emotional intelligence variables of 0.524, and p-value of 0.000. Training has a significant positive effect on teacher performance. The better the training, the better the teacher's performance, this is indicated by the value of the original sample of training variables of 0.296 and p-value of 0.034. The work environment has no effect on teacher performance. This is indicated by the original sample value of the work environment variable of 0.180 and the p-value of 0.165 which is greater than the alpha of 0.05.
Bazı Dayanıklı Şeker Pancarı Çeşitlerinin Rhizoctonia spp.’ye Karşı Reaksiyonlarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: AVAN Meltem , KATIRCIOĞLU Yakup Zekai
Published: October 2020

Şeker pancarında fide ve kök çürüklüklerine sebep olan fungal hastalıklar, bu bitkide önemli verim ve kalite kayıplarına sebep olmaktadır. Ülkemizde Konya bölgesi, şeker pancarı üretim alanlarının yaklaşık %35.5'ini elinde tutan önemli bir şeker pancarı üretim alanıdır. Son yıllarda Konya bölgesinde kök çürümesi ve çökertenin meydana getirdiği verim kayıplarında önemli artışlar meydana gelmiştir. Çeşit reaksiyon çalışmaları, 2015-2017 büyüme dönemlerinde, Konya bölgesinde şeker pancarı taç ve kök çürüklüğüne neden olan Rhizoctonia spp.’lerden tespiti yapılan AG-2-2-IIIB, AG-4-HGI, AG-4-HGII, AG-4-HGIII, AG-A ve AG-K izolatlarına karşı denenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, 10 dirençli şeker pancarı çeşidi ve izolatların anastomosis grupları belirlenen ve tüm AG'leri temsil eden %50'nin üzerinde en yüksek virülansa sahip izolatlarından birer adet seçilerek, saksı denemelerinde inokulum tabaka tekniği kullanılarak denemeye tabi tutulmuştur. Dayanıklı şeker pancarı çeşitleri, Rhizoctonia kök çürüklüğü ile entegre bir yönetimin parçasıdır. Denemeler sonucunda çok çekirdekli Rhizoctonia izolatlarında inokulum seviyesinin ve patojenin yüksek olan virülensliğinin de etkisi sonucu, çeşitlerde bir dayanıklılık tespit edilmemiştir.Virülensliği daha düşük olan iki çekirdekli Rhizoctonia’lar da ise AG-A için Iguana, Valentina, Eldorado, Rodeo, Lider ve 5K614 çeşitleri, AG-K için ise Lider ve Valentina çeşitleri yüksek dayanıklı olarak belirlenmiştir.
Coping with Homework: Two Intercultural Mothers’ Experiences with Their Children’s Schoolwork in Japan
Authors: Smith Cynthia , Thukral Lily
Published: October 2020

In this autoethnographic comparative case study, the researchers examined the parental involvement of two immigrant mothers in Japan in their children’s schoolwork. The Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler theoretical framework (Hoover-Dempsey & Sandler, 1997; Hoover-Dempsey et al., 2005) was used to investigate the influence of motivational beliefs, invitations to involvement from others, and life context variables on their involvement. Using qualitative data from surveys and interviews, the study found that additional linguistic and cultural factors specific to the mothers’ immigrant status negatively affected their engagement and attitudes toward homework and school. This chapter provides implications for school policies and support for minority families in Japan. Strategies for immigrant parents’ successful involvement are also suggested.
An American Mother Raising a Deaf Daughter in Small-Town Japan
Authors: Kamata Suzanne
Published: October 2020

In this chapter, I describe my struggle, as an American mother in Japan, to understand and adapt to the policies of the local school for the deaf, and the possible effects of being bicultural on my deaf daughter’s educational development. As Sikes and Goodson (2017) posit, we make sense of our lives through the telling and retelling of stories of our lived experiences. As such, “personal narratives have a status as personal, as well as research, data” (2017, p. 64). In the case of parents of children with disabilities, such as myself, “the potentialities or limits of a narrative plotline are contested; the available narratives are considered inadequate, and narrators turn to counter-narratives with alternative plotlines” (Shuman, 2017, p. 244). Here, I will employ personal narrative, incorporating personal memory data and self-observational and self-reflection data to explore some of the differences regarding attitudes toward and practices of education for deaf children from a bicultural background (specifically Hispanic/Latino) in the United States and my own experiences in Japan, and to suggest areas for further study.
Leaders and Egyptian Foreign Policy: Individual Factors During Nasser and Morsi Periods
Authors: DUMAN Ahmed Hayri
Published: October 2020

Egypt has witnessed two political revolutions in 1952 and 2011. Following the revolutions, while Nasser came to power after the overthrow of the Egyptian monarchy, Morsi took the lead after the fall of Mubarak’s 30-year rule in Egypt. Given leader-centric foreign policies in authoritarian/developing countries, both leaders with divergent agendas were expected to change Egypt’s existing foreign policy to a great extent. Nasser satisfied this expectation, whereas Morsi failed to make radical foreign policy changes in Egypt. This study aims firstly to present individual-level factors that play substantial roles in whether leaders become effective and influential in foreign policy and then tries to show how these factors paved the way for the difference between the impacts of Nasser and Morsi on Egypt’s foreign policy.
Modelling of a flat plate solar collector system using response surface methodology
Authors: OMO-OGHOGHO Eghosa , ALİU Sufianu
Published: October 2020

Abstract: In this study, performance analysis of flat plate solar collector has been carried out analytically.

A comprehensive mathematical modelling of thermal performance is modelled using Response Surface Methodology and optimal geometrical and thermodynamic parameters are predicted pertaining to optimum performance of the system. In this study a model was developed for evaluating and predicting the efficiency, outlet temperature and performance of a flat plate solar collector considering the hour angle, day and input temperature as input parameters.

In the cause of the work it was found that the days and months close to the beginning of the year (January, February, March and April) yielded higher outlet temperature and solar radiation due to dry season, while the months at the middle of the year showed lower outlet temperature and solar radiation due to the rainy season. The months towards the ending of the year also showed higher outlet temperature and solar radiation respectively.
BLOK ZİNCİR TEMELLİ GÜVENLİ ELEKTRONİK OYLAMA MODELİ
Authors: GÜRFİDAN Remzi , AKÇAY Zekeriya
Published: October 2020

Günümüzde bir konunun araştırılması, toplumun görüşünün alınması ya da tutumunun tespit edilebilmesi için araştırma anketleri, yüz yüze danışma, telefon görüşmeleri, web anketleri gibi çeşitli yöntemler kullanılmaktadır. Bu yöntemlerden en hızlı ve düşük maliyetli olan yöntem web anketleridir. Günümüzde küresel bazda yaşanan Covid-19 bulaş hastalığının kalabalık alanlarda yarattığı riskler göz önünde bulundurulduğunda web üzerinde çalışan sistemler hayati öneme sahiptir. Web anketi tercih edildiğinde sunucu tabanlı çalışan web uygulamaları kullanılmaktadır. Fakat sunucu tabanlı uygulamalar veri güvenliği ile ilgili bazı endişeler oluşmasına sebep olabilmektedirler. İstemci düğümlerinden sunucuya gönderilen oylama bilgileri, merkezi bir sunucu üzerindeki veri tabanına kaydedilmektedir. Verinin merkezi bir sunucu üzerinde depolanması yönteminin en büyük dezavantajı, oylama sonuçlarının siber saldırılar ya da kurcalanma risklerine savunmasız olmasıdır. Bu durum yapılan oylama sonuçlarının güvenliğini ciddi oranda olumsuz etkilemektedir. Blok zincir teknolojisi son yıllarda veri güvenliği alanında sıkça kullanılmaktadır. Blok zincir teknolojisinde sistemi merkezi bir sunucu yönetmemektedir. Eşler arası ağ oluşturulup hesap defterinin tamamının bütün düğümlerde yer alması prensibi esastır. Bu yapısı ile veri güvenliği açısından avantajlı bir teknolojidir. Ayrıca blok zincir teknolojisi, verilerin tek bir blok olarak şifrelenmesinden dolayı siber saldırılara ve dış müdahalelere karşı da güvenli durumdadır. Bu çalışmada farklı fikir ya da görüşlerin oylanması, oylama sonuçların gösterilmesi için blok zincir temelli güvenli bir elektronik oylama modeli önerilmiştir. Çalışmada C# dilinde blok zincir yapısı oluşturularak düğümlerden kullanılan oy verilerinin bir blok olarak şifrelenmesi ve bloğun zincire eklenmesi sağlanmıştır. Blok zincir tabanlı geliştirilen sistemin güvenli ve güvenilir olmasını, seçimde bulunan insanların güvenini artırmaya yardımcı olmasını bekliyoruz.
DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING OF 3D PRINTERED PROSTHETIC HAND USING MUSCLE SIGNALS
Authors: ARPAÇUKUROĞLU Emre , ÇAKIR Samet , ÖZSOY Koray
Published: October 2020

The person who has challenges not meeting needs due to the loss of his / her physical, mental and sensorial abilities to a certain extent on account of birth or any reason is defined as 'disabled' if any care or rehabilitation is required. These people have difficulty adapting to social life. Prostheses have been developed to ensure this compatibility. Today, by measuring directly from the patient, the production in place of the organ lost by the patient is carried out suitably. In this study, It was carried out to control muscle signals with EMG sensor prosthetic hand manufactured by a 3D printer. The movement of the fingers was performed by processing the signals received from the EMG sensor with a microcontroller and transmitting them to the servo motors in the form of meaningful values. Findings obtained were evaluated by comparison.
Elma Bitkisindeki Hastalıkların Yapay Zekâ Yöntemleri ile Tespiti ve Yapay Zekâ Yöntemlerinin Performanslarının Karşılaştırılması
Authors: AKSOY Bekir , HALİS Helin Diyar , SALMAN Osamah Khaled Musleh
Published: October 2020

Yapay zekânın hayatımıza girmesiyle tarım alanında yapılan yapay zekâ uygulamaları oldukça popüler hale gelmiştir. Tarım alanında karşılaşılan bitki hastalıkları üzerinde durulması gereken önemli bir konu olup bu problemin çözümü için yapay zekâdan yardım alınmaktadır. Çalışmada, elma bitkisindeki uyuz, siyah çürük ve pas hastalığına sahip yaprakların yapay zekâ ile tespiti için evrişimsel sinir ağları (CNN) mimarileri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan CNN içerisinde yer alan AlexNet, DenseNet-121, ResNet-34, VGG16-BN ve Squeezenet1_0 mimarilerinin karışıklık matrisine göre performansları değerlendirilerek en iyi doğruluk, duyarlılık, özgüllük ve F-skor değerleri bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak test veri seti için yapay zekâ ile elma bitkisindeki hastalık tespitinde en iyi modelin duyarlılık, özgüllük, doğruluk ve F-skor için sırasıyla %97,64, %99,54, %99,52, %98,62 değerleri ile ResNet-34 olduğu belirlenmiştir.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT COARSE AGGREGATE SIZES ON THE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE
Authors: NDON Akanu-ıbiam , IKPE Aniekan
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this research work is to compare the effect of coarse aggregate sizes on the strength of concrete. Materials for this study were (water, fine and coarse aggregates and cement). Acceptability criteria for tests on basic materials for concreting were ascertain such as; water according to BS 2690 standard, Fine and coarse aggregates according to BS 812:1975, part 1 to 4 standard and Cement according to BS 12:1991. The acceptability criteria for testing fresh and hardened concrete such as Workability test (slump test in accordance with BS 1881:1983, part 102) and Compressive strength test (cube test in accordance with BS 1881:1983. The specimen size for crushing strength was 150mm x 150mm x 150mm, cured and tested for 7, 14 and 28 days with concrete grade 20 of minimum compressive strength of 14 N/mm2 (mix ratio of 1:2:4). From the result gotten, the concrete strength of aggregate size of 20mm to 28mm after 28 days was higher than that of 13.2mm to 19mm and that of 3.35mm to 10 mm.
Lei de Acesso à Informação e Repositórios Governamentais como instrumentos para um modelo aberto de governança
Authors: Sousa Rosilene Paiva Marinho de , Dias Guilherme Ataíde , Shintaku Milton
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: Analisa o papel dos repositórios governamentais, para o modelo aberto de governança que aproxima os cidadãos à gestão pública pelo acesso a informações, examinando a Lei de Acesso à Informação na perspectiva do governo aberto, bem como, os tipos de repositórios e suas contribuições, considerando o exemplo da Biblioteca Digital do Ministério da Mulher, Família e Direitos Humanos.
Método: Adotar-se-á pesquisa quali-quantitativa, exploratória e bibliográfica.
Resultado: Observa-se que os repositórios asseguram o direito fundamental de acesso à informação, pela utilização de ferramentas que promovam o efetivo acesso pelo cidadão. A Biblioteca Digital do Ministério da Mulher, da Família e dos Direitos Humanos, reúne toda documentação técnica, bem como, a produção de outras instituições, cuja utilização ocorre em formato aberto, proporcionando à sociedade o amplo uso, reúso, transformação, distribuição, redistribuição, compilação, extração, cópia, difusão, modificação e/ ou adaptação dos dados e informações de forma gratuita.
Conclusões: A Lei de Acesso à Informação visa fortalecer o controle sobre a circulação de dados e informações permitindo um fluxo de caráter autêntico e integro dos mesmos para a efetivação de uma gestão transparente, salvo exceções da lei. Os repositórios digitais surgem como instrumento de garantia ao acesso e disseminação de informações aos cidadãos. O fortalecimento dos repositórios governamentais está intimamente ligado à promoção de um debate político informado, fornecendo aos cidadãos dados e informações que auxiliem na construção de sua participação nos processos sociais, assegurando-lhes o respeito às liberdades fundamentais como o acesso à informação, a dignidade da pessoa humana, e manutenção da memória institucional.
Intonational effects on English scopally-ambiguous sentences
Authors: Wu Mien-Jen , Ionin Tania
Published: October 2020

This paper examines the effect of intonation contour on two types of scopally ambiguous constructions in English: configurations with a universal quantifier in subject position and sentential negation (e.g., Every horse didn’t jump) and configurations with quantifiers in both subject and object positions (e.g., A girl saw every boy). There is much prior literature on the relationship between the fall-rise intonation and availability of inverse scope with quantifier-negation configurations. The present study has two objectives: (1) to examine whether the role of intonation in facilitating inverse scope is restricted to this configuration, or whether it extends to double-quantifier configurations as well; and (2) to examine whether fall-rise intonation fully disambiguates the sentence, or only facilitates inverse scope. These questions were investigated experimentally, via an auditory acceptability judgment task, in which native English speakers rated the acceptability of auditorily presented sentences in contexts matching surface-scope vs. inverse-scope readings. The results provide evidence that fall-rise intonation facilitates the inverse-scope readings of English quantifier-negation configurations (supporting findings from prior literature), but not those of double-quantifier configurations.
The development of language and its interaction with other aspects of cognition: the case of medial wh-questions in English and in Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Grolla Elaine , Liter Adam , Lidz Jeffrey
Published: October 2020

Preschool children acquiring English and Brazilian Portuguese display a peculiar behavior when prompted to produce multi-clause wh-questions. In elicited production tasks, structures with an extra wh-element in medial position are sometimes produced. Such medial questions are impossible in the adult languages being acquired. Following a hypothesis put forth by Grolla & Lidz (2018), we propose that children’s productions are not generated by children’s grammar, but reflect difficulties of their developing cognitive system. More specifically, we propose that children’s more limited inhibition control capacity leads them to pronounce elements with high activation levels in wrong places of the structure. Experimental data on both languages are provided which corroborate this claim. These data show that children with more limited inhibition control capacity are more likely to produce medial wh-questions.
O Perfect Existencial e suas realizações morfológicas e adverbiais no inglês americano
Authors: Costa da Silva Machado Fernanda , Leitão Martins Adriana
Published: October 2020

O aspecto perfect revela um intervalo existente entre dois pontos no tempo. Um dos tipos do perfect é o existencial (PE), que pode estar relacionado a uma situação do passado com efeitos no presente. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar as realizações morfológicas e adverbiais compatíveis com o PE, associado ao tempo presente, no inglês americano (IA). A metodologia consistiu em análises de corpora – entrevistas da TV americana e do Santa Barbara Corpus of Spoken American English – e de dados obtidos por teste linguístico. A hipótese é a de que a realização do PE associado ao tempo presente no IA ocorre só pela perífrase have + particípio, com ou sem apagamento do verbo auxiliar. A hipótese foi refutada, pois o passado simples também foi encontrado veiculando esse aspecto. Discutiu-se sobre a contribuição da forma verbal, dos advérbios de perfect e da pluralidade dos eventos na expressão do PE.
Subject ellipsis in early child English
Authors: Bertolino Karina
Published: October 2020

English-speaking children are known to omit subjects. Parametric analyses of the phenomenon have the advantage to give a simple answer to why children omit subjects and how they reach an adult grammar: the problem is reduced to a matter of parameter misseting and resetting. However, early parametric analyses of missing subjects were challenged by empirical findings. In this paper, I present a parametric analysis of null subjects in finite clauses. In this analysis, three parameters interact to explain the pattern of subject omission in adult and child language.
Errors in top-down estimates of emissions using a known source
Authors: Angevine Wayne M. , Peischl Jeff , Crawford Alice , Loughner Christopher P. , Pollack Ilana B. , Thompson Chelsea R.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Air pollutant emissions estimates by top-down methods are
subject to a variety of errors and uncertainties. This work uses a known
source, a coal-fired power plant, to explore those errors. The known
emissions amount and location remove two major types of error, facilitating
understanding of other types. Biases and random errors are distinguished. A
Lagrangian dispersion model (HYSPLIT) is run forward in time from the known
source, and virtual measurements of the resulting tracer plume are compared
to actual measurements from research aircraft. Four flights in different
years are used to illustrate a variety of conditions. The measurements are
analyzed by a mass-balance method, and the assumptions of that method are
discussed. Some of those assumptions can be relaxed in analysis of the
modeled plume, allowing testing of their validity. Meteorological fields to
drive HYSPLIT are provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather
Forecasts Fifth Reanalysis (ERA5). A unique feature of this work is the use
of an ensemble of meteorological fields intrinsic to ERA5. This analysis
supports reasonably large (30 %–40 %) uncertainties on top-down analyses.
Long-term time series of Arctic tropospheric BrO derived from UV–VIS satellite remote sensing and its relation to first-year sea ice
Authors: Bougoudis Ilias , Blechschmidt Anne-Marlene , Richter Andreas , Seo Sora , Burrows John Philip , Theys Nicolas , Rinke Annette
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Every polar spring, phenomena called bromine explosions
occur over sea ice. These bromine explosions comprise photochemical
heterogeneous chain reactions that release bromine molecules, Br2, to
the troposphere and lead to tropospheric plumes of bromine monoxide, BrO.
This autocatalytic mechanism depletes ozone, O3, in the boundary layer
and troposphere and thereby changes the oxidizing capacity of the
atmosphere. The phenomenon also leads to accelerated deposition of metals
(e.g., Hg). In this study, we present a 22-year (1996 to 2017) consolidated
and consistent tropospheric BrO dataset north of 70∘ N, derived from
four different ultraviolet–visible (UV–VIS) satellite instruments (GOME, SCIAMACHY, GOME-2A and
GOME-2B). The retrieval data products from the different sensors are
compared during periods of overlap and show good agreement (correlations of
0.82–0.98 between the sensors). From our merged time series of
tropospheric BrO vertical column densities (VCDs), we infer changes in the
bromine explosions and thus an increase in the extent and magnitude of
tropospheric BrO plumes during the period of Arctic warming. We determined
an increasing trend of about 1.5 % of the tropospheric BrO VCDs per year
during polar springs, while the size of the areas where enhanced
tropospheric BrO VCDs can be found has increased about 896 km2 yr−1. We infer from comparisons and correlations with sea ice age data that
the reported changes in the extent and magnitude of tropospheric BrO VCDs
are moderately related to the increase in first-year ice extent in the
Arctic north of 70∘ N, both temporally and spatially, with a
correlation coefficient of 0.32. However, the BrO plumes and thus bromine
explosions show significant variability, which also depends, apart from sea
ice, on meteorological conditions.
Impact of structure on the estimation of atmospherically relevant
physicochemical parameters
Authors: Isaacman-VanWertz Gabriel , Aumont Bernard
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Many methods are currently available to estimate physicochemical properties of atmospherically relevant compounds. Though a substantial body of literature has focused on the development and intercomparison of methods based on molecular structure, there has been an increasing focus on methods based only on molecular formula. However, prior work has not quantified the extent to which isomers of the same formula may differ in their properties, or, relatedly, the extent to which lacking or ignoring molecular structure degrades estimates of parameters. Such an evaluation is complicated by the fact that structure-based methods bear significant uncertainty and are typically not well constrained for atmospherically-relevant molecules. Using species produced in the modeled atmospheric oxidation of three representative atmospheric hydrocarbons, we demonstrate here that differences between isomers are greater than differences between methods. Specifically, isomers tend to differ in their vapor pressures and Henry's Law Constants by a half to a full order of magnitude greater than differences between estimation methods, and differ in their kOH by a factor of two. Formula-based estimation of these parameters is shown to be possible with little bias and an approximately normally distributed error. Specifically vapor pressure can be estimated using a combination of two existing methods, Henry's Law Constants can be estimated based on vapor pressure, and kOH can be approximated as a constant for all formulas containing a given set of elements. Formula-based estimation is therefore reasonable when applied to a mixture of isomers, but creates uncertainty commensurate with the lack of structural information.
Effect of volcanic emissions on clouds during the 2008 and 2018
Kilauea degassing events
Authors: Breen Katherine H. , Barahona Donifan , Yuan Tianle , Bian Huisheng , James Scott C.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Aerosol emissions from volcanic eruptions in otherwise clean environments are regarded as natural experiments where the aerosol effects on clouds and climate can be partitioned from other effects like meteorology and anthropogenic emissions. In this work, we combined satellite retrievals, reanalysis products, and atmospheric modeling to analyze the mechanism of aerosol-cloud interactions during two degassing events at the Kilauea Volcano in 2008 and 2018. The eruptive nature of the 2008 and 2018 degassing events was distinct from long-term volcanic activity for Kilauea. For both events, we performed a comprehensive investigation on the effects of aerosol emissions on macro and microphysical cloud processes for both liquid and ice clouds. This is the first time such an analysis has been reported for the 2018 event. Similarities between both events suggested that aerosol-cloud interactions related to the cloud albedo modification were likely decoupled from local meteorology. In both events the ingestion of aerosols within convective parcels enhanced the detrainment of condensate in the upper troposphere resulting in deeper clouds than in pristine conditions. Accounting for ice nucleation on ash particles led to enhanced ice crystal concentrations at cirrus levels and a slight decrease in ice water content, improving the correlation of the model results with the satellite retrievals. Overall, aerosol loading, plume characteristics, and meteorology contributed to observed and simulated changes in clouds during the Kilauea degassing events.
Intercomparison and evaluation of ground- and satellite-based stratospheric ozone and temperature profiles above Observatoire de Haute-Provence during the Lidar Validation NDACC Experiment (LAVANDE)
Authors: Wing Robin , Steinbrecht Wolfgang , Godin-Beekmann Sophie , McGee Thomas J. , Sullivan John T. , Sumnicht Grant , Ancellet Gérard , Hauchecorne Alain , Khaykin Sergey , Keckhut Philippe
Published: October 2020

Abstract. A two-part intercomparison campaign was conducted at Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP) for the validation of lidar ozone and temperature profiles using the mobile NASA Stratospheric Ozone Lidar (NASA STROZ), satellite overpasses from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER), meteorological radiosondes launched from Nîmes, and locally launched ozonesondes. All the data were submitted and compared “blind”, before the group could see results from the other instruments. There was good agreement between all ozone measurements between 20 and 40 km, with differences of generally less than 5 % throughout this region. Below 20 km, SABER and MLS measured significantly more ozone than the lidars or ozonesondes. Temperatures for all lidars were in good agreement between 30 and 60 km, with differences on the order of ±1 to 3 K. Below 30 km, the OHP lidar operating at
532 nm has a significant cool bias due to contamination by aerosols. Systematic, altitude-varying bias up to ±5 K compared to the lidars was found for MLS at many altitudes. SABER temperature profiles are generally closer to the lidar profiles, with up 3 K negative bias near 50 km. Total uncertainty estimates for ozone and temperature appear to be realistic for nearly all systems. However, it does seem that the very low estimated uncertainties of lidars between 30 and 50 km, between 0.1 and 1 K, are not achieved during Lidar Validation Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) Experiment (LAVANDE). These estimates might have to be increased to 1 to 2 K.
Holocene phototrophic community and anoxia dynamics in
meromictic Lake Jaczno (NE Poland) using high-resolution
hyperspectral imaging and HPLC data
Authors: Makri Stamatina , Lami Andrea , Tu Luyao , Tylmann Wojciech , Vogel Hendrik , Grosjean Martin
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Global spread of hypoxia and altered mixing regimes in freshwater systems is a growing major environmental concern. Climate change and human impact are expected to increasingly deteriorate aquatic ecosystems. The study of processes and drivers of such changes in the past provides a great asset for prevention and remediation in the future. We used a multi-proxy approach combining high-resolution Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) pigment data, with specific HPLC chlorophylls and carotenoids to examine Holocene trophic state changes and anoxia evolution in meromictic Lake Jaczno, NE Poland. A redundancy analysis RDA including pollen-inferred vegetation cover, temperature and human impacts provides insight into specific conditions and drivers of changing trophic and redox states in the lake. Anoxic and sulfidic conditions established in Lake Jaczno after initial basin infilling 9500 years ago. Until 6700 cal BP, lake trophy was relatively low, water turbidity was high, and green sulfur bacteria (GSB) were abundant within the phototrophic community, suggesting a deep oxic–anoxic boundary and weak stratification. The period between 6700–500 cal BP is characterized by constantly increasing lake production and a gradual shift from GSB to purple sulfur bacteria (PSB), suggesting a shallower oxic–anoxic boundary and pronounced stratification. Yet, the presence of spheroidene and speroidenone in the sediments indicates intermittent anoxia. After 500 cal BP, increasing human impact, deforestation and intensive agriculture promoted lake eutrophication, with a shift to PSB dominance and establishment of permanent anoxia and meromixis. Our study unambiguously documents the legacy of human impact on processes determining eutrophication and anoxia.
RECOG RL01: Correcting GRACE total water storage estimates for
global lakes/reservoirs and earthquakes
Authors: Deggim Simon , Eicker Annette , Schawohl Lennart , Gerdener Helena , Schulze Kerstin , Engels Olga , Kusche Jürgen , Saraswati Anita T. , van Dam Tonie , Ellenbeck Laura , Dettmering Denise , Schwatke Christian , Mayr Stefan , Klein Igor , Longuevergne Laurent
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Observations of changes in terrestrial water storage obtained from the satellite mission GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) have frequently been used for water cycle studies and for the improvement of hydrological models by means of calibration and data assimilation. However, due to a low spatial resolution of the gravity field models spatially localized water storage changes, such as those occurring in lakes and reservoirs, cannot properly be represented in the GRACE estimates. As surface storage changes can represent a large part of total water storage, this leads to leakage effects and results in surface water signals becoming erroneously assimilated into other water storage compartments of neighboring model grid cells. As a consequence, a simple mass balance at grid/regional scale is not sufficient to deconvolve the impact of surface water on TWS. Furthermore, non-hydrology related phenomena contained in the GRACE time series, such as the mass redistribution caused by major earthquakes, hamper the use of GRACE for hydrological studies in affected regions. In this paper, we present the first release (RL01) of the global correction product RECOG (REgional COrrections for GRACE), which accounts for both the surface water (lakes & reservoirs, RECOG-LR) and earthquake effects (RECOG-EQ). RECOG-LR is computed from forward-modelling surface water volume estimates derived from satellite altimetry and (optical) remote sensing and allows both a removal of these signals from GRACE and a re-location of the mass change to its origin within the outline of the lakes/reservoirs. The earthquake correction RECOG-EQ includes both the co-seismic and post-seismic signals of two major earthquakes with magnitudes above 9 Mw. We can show that applying the correction dataset (1) reduces the GRACE signal variability by up to 75 % around major lakes and explains a large part of GRACE seasonal variations and trends, (2) avoids the introduction of spurious trends caused by leakage signals of nearby lakes when calibrating/assimilating hydrological models with GRACE, even in neighboring river basins, and (3) enables a clearer detection of hydrological droughts in areas affected by earthquakes. A first validation of the corrected GRACE time series using GPS-derived vertical station displacements shows a consistent improvement of the fit between GRACE and GNSS after applying the correction. Data are made available as open access via the Pangea database (RECOG-LR: Deggim et al. (2020a) https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.921851; RECOG-EQ: Gerdener et al. (2020b, under revision), https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.921923).
OceanSODA-ETHZ: A global gridded data set of the surface ocean
carbonate system for seasonal to decadal studies of ocean
acidification
Authors: Gregor Luke , Gruber Nicolas
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Ocean acidification has altered the ocean's carbonate chemistry profoundly since preindustrial times, with potentially serious consequences for marine life. Yet, no long-term global observation-based data set exists that permits to study changes in ocean acidification for all carbonate system parameters over the last few decades. Here, we fill this gap and present a methodologically consistent global data set of all relevant surface ocean parameters, i.e., dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), pH, and the saturation state with respect to mineral CaCO3 (Ω) at monthly resolution over the period 1985 through 2018 at a spatial resolution of 1 × 1°. This data set, named OceanSODA-ETHZ, was created by extrapolating in time and space the surface ocean observations of pCO2 (from the Surface Ocean CO2 ATlas (SOCAT)) and total alkalinity (TA, from the Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP)) using the newly developed Geospatial Random Cluster Ensemble Regression (GRaCER) method. This method is based on a two-step (cluster-regression) approach, but extends it by considering an ensemble of such cluster-regressions, leading to higher robustness. Surface ocean DIC, pH, and Ω were then computed from the globally mapped pCO2 and TA using the thermodynamic equations of the carbonate system. For the open ocean, the cluster regression method estimates pCO2 and TA with global near-zero biases and root mean squared errors of 12 µatm and 13 µmol kg−1, respectively. Taking into account also the measurement and representation errors, the total error increases to 14 µatm and 21 µmol kg−1, respectively. We assess the fidelity of the computed parameters by comparing them to direct observations from GLODAP, finding surface ocean pH and DIC global biases of near zero, and root mean squared errors of 0.023 and 16 µmol kg−1, respectively. These errors are very comparable to those expected by propagating the total errors from pCO2 and TA through the thermodynamic computations, indicating a robust and conservative assessment of the errors. We illustrate the potential of this new dataset by analyzing the climatological mean seasonal cycles of the different parameters of the surface ocean carbonate system, highlighting their commonalities and differences. The OceanSODA-ETHZ data can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.25921/m5wx-ja34 (Gregor and Gruber, 2020).
Pyroclastic flow mitigation strategies: a new perspective
for the red area
Authors: Iacuaniello Mauro , Montanino Andrea , De Gregorio Daniela , Zuccaro Giulio
Published: October 2020

Abstract. This paper intends to show basic strategies and technical solutions that may reduce the consequence of a volcanic eruption on buildings. One of the most dangerous eruptive phenomena is pyroclastic flow, a gas-solid mixture which can flow slope down up to reach considerable distances from the point of emission, with a speed that can easily exceed 100 km/h (~30 m/s). The damage caused by the impact on buildings depends on the combination of several factors: the duration of phenomenon, the temperature of flow and the pressure produced by the impact. The study tries to define a design-oriented approach of retrofitting and new construction with specific reference to the possible eruption of Vesuvio or Campi Flegrei in the Campania Region of Italy. For both red areas, which are directly affected by the flows, the Department of Civil Protection defined only one solution, that is the preventive evacuation. Whilst through the proposed mitigation strategy, the task is to establish a resilient sector within the red areas where buildings can withstand pressure and temperature in order to achieve both economic benefits and make reconstruction easier.
Surface velocity of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS): assessment of interior velocities derived from satellite data by GPS
Authors: Hvidberg Christine S. , Grinsted Aslak , Dahl-Jensen Dorthe , Khan Shfaqat Abbas , Kusk Anders , Andersen Jonas Kvist , Neckel Niklas , Solgaard Anne , Karlsson Nanna B. , Kjær Helle Astrid , Vallelonga Paul
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS) extends around
600 km upstream from the coast to its onset near the ice divide in interior
Greenland. Several maps of surface velocity and topography of interior
Greenland exist, but their accuracy is not well constrained by in situ
observations. Here we present the results from a GPS mapping of surface
velocity in an area located approximately 150 km from the ice divide near
the East Greenland Ice-core Project (EastGRIP) deep-drilling site. A GPS
strain net consisting of 63 poles was established and observed over the
years 2015–2019. The strain net covers an area of 35 km by 40 km, including
both shear margins. The ice flows with a uniform surface speed of
approximately 55 m a−1 within a central flow band with longitudinal and
transverse strain rates on the order of 10−4 a−1 and increasing by
an order of magnitude in the shear margins. We compare the GPS results to
the Arctic Digital Elevation Model and a list of satellite-derived surface
velocity products in order to evaluate these products. For each velocity
product, we determine the bias in and precision of the velocity compared to the
GPS observations, as well as the smoothing of the velocity products needed
to obtain optimal precision. The best products have a bias and a precision
of ∼0.5 m a−1. We combine the GPS results with
satellite-derived products and show that organized patterns in flow and
topography emerge in NEGIS when the surface velocity exceeds
approximately 55 m a−1 and are related to bedrock topography.
Sudden large-volume detachments of low-angle mountain glaciers –
more frequent than thought
Authors: Kääb Andreas , Jacquemart Myléne , Gilbert Adrien , Leinss Silvan , Girod Luc , Huggel Christian , Falaschi Daniel , Ugalde Felipe , Petrakov Dmitry , Chernomorets Sergey , Dokukin Mikhail , Paul Frank , Gascoin Simon , Berthier Etienne , Kargel Jeff
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The detachment of large parts of low-angle mountain glaciers, resulting in massive ice-rock avalanches, have so far been believed to be a unique type of event, made known to the global scientific community first for the 2002 Kolka Glacier detachment, Caucasus Mountains, and then for the 2016 collapses of two glaciers in the Aru range, Tibet. Since 2016, several so-far unknown glacier detachments have been discovered and described, and new ones occurred. In the current contribution, we compile, compare and discuss 19 actual or possible large-volume detachments of low-angle mountain glaciers at nine different sites in the Caucasus, the Pamirs, Tibet, Alaska’s St. Elias mountains, and the Southern Andes. Many of the detachments reached volumes in the order of 10–100 million m3. Commonalities and differences between the cases investigated suggest that a set of different conditions drives a transient combination of factors related to low basal friction, high driving stress, concentration of shear stress, and low resistance to exceed stability thresholds. Particularly, soft bedrocks below the detached glaciers seem to be a common condition among the observed events, as they offer smooth contact areas between the glacier and its substratum while being prone to till-strength weakening and eventually basal failure under high pore-water pressure. Surface slopes of the detached glaciers range between around 10° and 20°, possibly on the one hand low enough to enable development of thick and thus large-volume glaciers, and on the other hand steep enough to allow critical basal stresses to build up. Most of the ice-rock avalanches resulting from the detachments in this study have a particularly low angle of reach, down to around 0.1 (apparent friction angle), likely due to their high ice content and connected liquefaction potential, the ready availability of soft basal slurries and large amounts of basal water, and the smooth topographic setting typical for glacial valleys. Low-angle glacier detachments combine elements, and likely also physical processes of glacier surges and ice break-offs from steep glaciers. The surge-like temporal evolution ahead of several detachments or their geographic proximity to other surge-type glaciers suggests the glacier detachments investigated can be interpreted as end-members of the continuum of surge-like glacier instabilities. Though rare, glacier detachments appear more frequent than previously thought and disclose, despite local differences in conditions and precursory evolutions, the fundamental and critical potential of low-angle soft glacier beds to fail catastrophically.
Improved ELMv1-ECA Simulations of Zero-Curtain Periods and
Cold-season CH4 and CO2 Emissions at Alaskan Arctic Tundra Sites
Authors: Tao Jing , Zhu Qing , Riley William J. , Neumann Rebecca B.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Field measurements have shown that cold-season methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions contribute a substantial portion to the annual net carbon emissions in permafrost regions. However, most earth system land models do not accurately reproduce cold-season CH4 and CO2 emissions, especially over the shoulder (i.e., thawing and freezing) seasons. Here we use the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) land model version 1 (ELMv1-ECA) to tackle this challenge and fill the knowledge gap of how cold-season CH4 and CO2 emissions contribute to the annual totals at Alaska Arctic tundra sites. Specifically, we improved the ELMv1-ECA soil water phase-change scheme, environmental controls on microbial activity, and cold-season methane transport module. Results demonstrate that both soil temperature and the duration of zero-curtain periods (i.e., the fall period when soil temperatures linger around 0 °C) simulated by the updated ELMv1-ECA were greatly improved, e.g., the Mean Absolute Error in zero-curtain durations at 12 cm depth was reduced by 62 % on average. Furthermore, the simulated cold-season emissions at three tundra sites were improved by 84 % and 81 % on average for CH4 and CO2, respectively. Overall, CH4 and CO2 emitted during the early cold season (Sep. and Oct.), which often includes most of the zero-curtain period in Arctic tundra, accounted for more than 50 % of the total emissions throughout the entire cold season (Sep. to May). From 1950 to 2017, both CO2 emissions during the 12 cm depth zero-curtain period and during the entire cold season showed increasing trends, for example, of 0.26 g C m−2 year−1 and 0.38 g C m−2 year−1 at Atqasuk. This study highlights the importance of zero-curtain periods in facilitating CH4 and CO2 emissions from tundra ecosystems.
Assinatura Florística de uma Área Úmida Prioritária para a Conservação no Leste do Brasil
Authors: Theofilo Valadares Rodrigo , Andrade Koski Diogo , Ferreira da Silva Bruno , Bento Sarnaglia Junior Valderes , Lacerda Lopes Martins Márcio
Published: October 2020

Áreas úmidas fornecem inúmeros benefícios à sociedade, mas constituem ecossistemas extremamente ameaçados, principalmente quando associados aos grandes centros urbanos. A reconhecida escassez de pesquisa nesses ambientes é alarmante e deve ser considerada uma meta frente às mudanças climáticas. Aqui nós avaliamos a riqueza florística de uma área úmida do Parque Estadual Paulo César Vinha, Espírito Santo. Nossos dados indicaram riqueza expressiva em relação a outras áreas úmidas do sudeste do Brasil. Paralelamente, uma comparação com outras áreas semelhantes indicou a formação de grupos influenciados por elementos típicos de áreas secas a sazonalmente secas que atingem a costa brasileira. Do ponto de vista regional, o Parque Estadual Paulo Cesar Vinha possui uma assinatura florística distinta provavelmente associada ao seu bom estado de conservação, servindo com uma métrica importante para avaliar outras áreas úmidas.
A multilevel local mesh refinement with the PCD Method
Authors: Tahiri Ahmed
Published: October 2020

We propose in this contribution a successive local mesh refinement with the PCD method. The multilevel local refinement improves the accuracy and gives a better precision, locally and globally, with a lower computational costs particularly if the considered problem has an anomaly. Here we present how a successive local mesh refinement can be handled. We conclude by presenting numerical experiments to show the interest of a multilevel local mesh refinement for the 2D diffusion equation.
Maharishi's Influence on the White Album and Beyond
Authors: Shumsky Susan
Published: October 2020

Susan Shumsky spent over two decades living in Maharishi Mahesh Yogi's ashrams throughout the world, and six of those years she served on his personal staff in Europe. Therefore, she was privy to the inside story behind Maharishi's influence on the Beatles and their music.