bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estudio comparativo de las competencias cognoscitivas de estudiantes de la licenciatura en química
Authors: Martinez Alonzo Judith Marcela
Published: July 2022

La presente investigación que se desarrolló en la Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo (UASD), Recinto San Francisco de Macorís, tuvo como propósito principal realizar un estudio comparativo de las competencias cognoscitivas de estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Biología y Química, específicamente en los Semestres 2020-10 y 2020-20, de las asignaturas Química Básica y General, respectivamente. Para ello se hizo un análisis estadístico con el programa SPSS de las dimensiones: 1) Actitud en el proceso de enseñanza, 2) Manifestación de emociones, 3) Empatía y 4) Condiciones de aprendizajes. El diseño que se aplicó en función del paradigma cuantitativo no experimental y transversal, cuyo instrumento para la obtención de información fue el cuestionario y como técnica la encuesta. Se trata de un informe de investigación cuantitativa. Los resultados indican que los estudiantes fortalecieron sus competencias cognoscitivas y motivacionales producto de las prácticas de laboratorio. Como conclusiones, se percibió un aumento de los promedios entre el primero y tercer cuatrimestre.

 
Critical Regionalism in Architecture with Respect to the Jaipur City
Authors: Pandey Divya , Tyagi Tamnna
Published: July 2022

Abstract: Critical regionalism has emerged as an attack on the universal and homogeneous image of utopian modernity in architecture. Critical regionalist theory is used to address the literal imitation of folk style and the importance of a universal architectural environment. Critical regionalism is an architectural concept that aims to remedy sterile and abstract modernism by focusing on local needs, native wants, and potential using contextual influences. Critical regionalism provides resistance to the homogenizing pressures of global modernism as economic processes disrupt and supplant local construction traditions in India's metropolitan centers. This study examines important architectural importance in Jaipur from history to the present day that incorporates critical regionalism ideas into their designs. The many strategies used by regionalist architects to deal with local climate, topography, materials, and socialism complexes are discussed. By focusing on urban regionalist works, the paper aims to emphasis that important regionalism is more than a collection of aesthetic preferences; it is a conceptual framework capable of producing varied types of architecture despite identical external forces coming from similar site conditions. (bahga, 1 May 2019). This post attempts to understand the main theory of critical regionalism as an approach to post-independence Indian architectural practices. The city of Jaipur, Rajasthan takes advantage of these qualities for research. The current discussion of critical regionalism is a case study of two institutional buildings in Jaipur, 20 years apart, with a critical regionalism of from a theoretical approach to a practical approach in two very different approaches. Analysing the translation. Supported by research. These studies will help determine how to translate and approach critical regionalism in more recent Indian architecture.
Impact of Pomegranate Juice, Antidiabetic Therapy on Glycemic Control and Lipid Subfraction Status
Authors: S. Aski Basavaraj , Biradar N.S. , Walvekar S.S , Naregal G.V. , N. Biradar Nikil.
Published: July 2022

Over the last decade, studies have linked the beneficial effect of pomegranate juice on glycemic control. They have a significant secretory influence on beta-cell, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism turnover in preventing and treating type ii diabetes. However, hypoglycaemic drugs have side effects such as lactic acidosis and abdominal discomfort. Hence, we aimed for a new treatment regime that included oral antidiabetic drugs and pomegranate juice, which works as an anti-oxidant and a potential antidiabetic agent. The study included randomly chosen145 type 2 diabetes mellitus male subjects and 36 healthy male participants. The study was carried out in two stages. Initially, all subjects were allowed to be on their respective antidiabetic drugs/insulin and to have a regular check-up of blood glucose twice a week for four weeks, after which they were redistributed into three groups, one of which was given pomegranate juice along with their respective antidiabetic drugs. After a 4-week run-in period, patients improved their ability to self-monitor blood glucose values and a wash-out period of 3 weeks, during which oral hypoglycaemic drugs and insulin were discontinued. The subjects were randomly assigned to follow the treatment protocol. Subjects received either an antidiabetic medicine or insulin, while the others received 200 ml of pomegranate fruit juice every day, along with antidiabetic therapy assigned to two-month treatment intervals. Glycemic rate and lipid profile changes were observed at the end of the period. The subjects with Pomegranate Juice with drug treatment showed a significant reduction in the levels of HbAlc (6.2 ± 0.2% vs. 8.2 ± 0.3%.)), LDL cholesterol concentration (120.61 ± 12.81, vs 136.23 ± 16.58 mg/dl P < 0.05), and Phospotidyl choline (27.20 ± 1.98 vs 22.80 ± 2.20 mg/cc. P < 0.05 as compared to other groups. This study has observed that pomegranate juice combined with an antidiabetic therapy regime has outstanding potential advantages in glucose control and a significant reduction in dyslipidemia and increased phospholipids levels compared to insulin or drug alone. These changes are linked to disease progression in numerous tissues. Pomegranate juice therapy may lower the need for diabetic medication or insulin, and natural diet fruits may impact pancreatic cell activation.
Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Mimordica Charantia Medicinal Plant Against Selected Common Human Pathogenic Microorganisms
Authors: V. Padwad Sonali , P. Lambat Ashish , A. Lambat Prachi , R.Chaudhary Ankita , D.Tiple Ashish
Published: July 2022

Momordica charantia is a plant belonging to Cucurbitaceae family known for decades for its medicinal and nutritional value. The objective of the present study was to do qualitative evaluation and compare the antibacterial activity of M. charantia leaf, seeds and fruits. Results of our study showed that hybrid seed methanol extract had more active phytoconstituents like alkaloid, carbohydrate, saponin, proteins, resin, flavonoid, diterpens, reducing sugars than other extracts of fruit, leaf and seed of wild and hybrid varieties of M. charantia extracted using different solvents. Carbohydrate, phytosterol, and proteins are mostly present in all extracts of Mimordica charantia. Flavonoids are significantly present in seeds. So hybrid seed methanol extract can be considered as the main source of above mentioned phytochemicals to facilitate pharmaceutical industries. Methanol extracts of hybrid seed exhibited highest zone of inhibition against Salmonella paratyphi A (30±0.64mm) & Staphylococcus aureus (26±0mm) and chloroform extract of wild fruit showed highest activity against E.coli (22.5±0.64mm).Hence these extracts may be used to treat infectious diseases, surgical wounds, skin lesions, salmonellosis, enteric fever, food poisoning. The purpose of the current study was to investigate antimicrobial activity of M. charantia, apart from being used as anti-psoriatic drugs and this plant earlier have been used also as antibacterial agents, hence the activity was also carried out against other organisms such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi and Aspergillus niger. Further phytochemical analysis (using techniques like TLC and HPLC) will be necessary to isolate the active constituents and clinical studies are required to understand the mechanism and the actual efficacy of these extracts in treating various infections and skin diseases. This will have significant importance in pharmaceutical and herbal industries.
Comparative Evaluation of Push-Out Bond Strength & Adaptation of A Fiber Post Cemented with Biodentine, MTA & Resin Cement: An in Vitro Study.
Authors: Chand Baranwal Harakh , Kumar Neeraj , Rani Prachi , Yadav Jyoti
Published: July 2022

Aim of our study is to evaluate & compare the push-out bond strength and adaptation of a fiber post cemented with Biodentine, MTA, and dual-cure Resin cement. A total of thirty mandibular premolars with a single oval root canal were prepared and obturation was done by AH plus sealer and gutta-percha. The teeth were stored at 37 0C with 100% humidity for one day. The gutta-percha was removed by peeso reamer, leaving at least 4 mm of filling material, and post spaces were prepared by corresponding fiber post drill. The specimens were randomly distributed into (n=10) among each 3 groups. Glass fiber Posts were lutted with three different materials and coronally sealed with glass ionomer cement followed by stored in water for 24 h at 37 0 C. Each tooth was sectioned into 3 parts of 2-mm-thick slices in coronal, middle and apical zone. Push-out bond strength was measured with help of a universal testing machine and evaluated the adaptation by scanning electron microscope after 7 and 28 days. Statistical analysis was done by one-way anova and post hoc test. The push-out bond strength of dual-cure resin and Biodentine was non-significant but higher in comparison to Pro Root MTA. Dual cure resin cement and Biodentine also showed better surface adaptation to post in comparison to MTA. This present study showed that Biodentine can also be used for luting the fiber post as an alternative to dual-cure resin cement.
A Review on Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease in Traditional Medicine Vs. Modern Science
Authors: Khatoon Shaikh Rashda , G.Kanase Vanita
Published: July 2022

Alzheimer's is a degenerative brain disease associated with memory depletion and mild cognitive dysfunction, leading to dementia. Medicinal plants have a major role to play in Alzheimer’s and memory loss control. Ayurveda, homeopathy, Siddha and Unani medicine systems are main conventional therapeutic approaches. Herbal remedies, like that of the Egyptians, Chinese and Indians have their roots in ancient times. Use of medicinal herbs in of AD treatment includes improving overall health and well-being. Interest in medicinal herbs has grown fast during the recent years leading to increased interest of researchers in therapeutic utilization plants for treatment and enhancement of disease and wellbeing, often without severe side effects. The modern age of drug discovery in Alzheimer's disease began with the proposal of the cholinergic memory impairment hypothesis and the 1984 research criteria for AD. There are modest symptom-reducing effects of FDA authorized medications, but they really does not affect the eventual course of the AD. In the campaign against Alzheimer's disease, the hunt for newer drugs which are safe and effective are already required the cooperation of large number of researchers with many willing subjects. But that's a long way off! 146 medications have been rejected since 1998. Popular herbal plants for treating Alzheimer's disease are discussed in this review. The report also centered on FDA-approved medications for treating Alzheimer's disease. This review discusses all aspects of AD treatment including the comparison between the traditional and the Allopathic medicines that was missed by some articles. Most review studies focus on either traditional treatment or the management in Modern science of the disease but rarely on a comparison of both. The study also addresses the possibilities for the management of AD in future.
A case of tongue cancer in which it was difficult to distinguish cervical lymph node metastasis owing to post-treatment Hodgkin's lymphoma recurrence versus tongue cancer metastasis
Authors: Ohashi Yu , Katagiri Katsunori , Saito Daisuke , Oikawa Shin-ichi , Tuchida Kodai , Miyaguchi Jun , Kusaka Takahiro , Yamada Hiroyuki , Shiga Kiyoto
Published: July 2022

We report a case in which it was difficult to distinguish cervical lymph
node involvement from Hodgkin’s lymphoma vs cervical lymph node
metastasis from tongue cancer. Additionally, we report the
histopathology for a postoperative follow-up biopsy of an enlarged lymph
node in this patient with Hodgkin’s lymphoma in remission.
Corona Virus Diseases Manifestation During Pregnancy: A Case Series of Western Nepal From Private Tertiary Care Center
Authors: PALIKHE BISHNU
Published: July 2022

Coronavirus disease is an infectious disease caused by newly discovered
corona virus This case series was conducted in 11 Asian pregnant women.
Clinical symptoms, pregnancy complications, medication used, maternal
and neonatal outcomes and fatality rate were investigated.
Evidence Based Reconstruction for Digital Forensics
Authors:   Digital Forensics and Cyber Security Graduate Programme Department of Information Systems & Innovations Ghana Institute of Management & Public Administration Greenhill, Accra, Ghana E-mail: ellen.abaga@st.gimpa.edu.gh, Abanga Ellen Akongwin
Published: July 2022

Evidence based reconstruction may often be even more illuminating than other traditional evidence gathering strategies, but it is also extremely delicate and unpredictable due to the fact that evidence may not always be conclusive. The integrity of digital evidence is therefore extremely important, particularly when it comes from allegedly unlawful, illegitimate, or harmful activity. Regardless of the good or bad consequences of the acts and activities that created the evidence, the capture and reconstruction of events are critical to the operation of the digital world. Owing to the lack of skill and knowledge of digital forensics in Ghana, it creates a susceptible environment for criminals to continue their operations while avoiding prosecution due to a lack of evidence to prosecute them. The reconstruction of occurrences based on evidence is considered an eminent need for Africa and for that matter Ghana. Hence, the need for well-defined and advanced knowledge in evidence based reconstruction in digital forensics investigation to bridge the gap currently existing. This paper reviews literature on the concept of evidence based reconstruction as a means to advance knowledge on its relevance to the Africa region and Ghana for that matter. This would help forensics investigators to better understand the need for focus on using digital tools for reconstruction and focusing on evidence driven activities in case of crime and investigations. Finally, this paper presents an elaborated view from a literature point of view over the evidence based reconstruction and also helps other fellow colleagues in their quest to further understand the concept. Keywords: Evidence, Reconstruction, Digital evidence, Digital forensics, Investigation.
Liabilities of Shared System in Forensic Analysis
Authors:   Digital Forensics and Cyber Security Graduate Programme Department of Information Systems & Innovations Ghana Institute of Management & Public Administration Greenhill, Accra, Ghana E-mail: niihack.gh@gmail.com, Badger Eric Sowah
Published: July 2022

In today’s connected world, there is a tendency for connectivity even in the sectors which conventionally have been not so connected in the past, such as power systems substations. Substations have seen considerable digitalization of the grid hence, providing much more available insights than before. This has all been possible due to connectivity, digitalization, and automation of the power grids. Interestingly, this also means that anybody can access such critical infrastructures from a remote location, and gone are the days of physical barriers. The power of connectivity and control makes it a much more challenging task to protect critical industrial control systems. This capability comes at a price, in this case, increasing the liabilities and risk of potential cyber threats to substations. (ASIF, FARHAN , & EKSTEDT) Keywords: Digital Evidence Backlog, Digital Forensic Challenges BOOK Chapter ǀ Research Nexus in IT, Law, Cyber Security & Forensics. Open Access. Distributed Free Citation: Eric Sowah Badger (2022): Liabilities of Shared System in Forensic Analysis Book Chapter Series on Research Nexus in IT, Law, Cyber Security & Forensics. Pp 191-196 www.isteams.net/ITlawbookchapter2022. dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/CRP-BK3-P31
Analysing Network Information and Protocol Using Wireshark
Authors:   Digital Forensics & Cyber Security  Graduate Programme  Ghana Institute of Management & Public Administration Greenhill, Accra, Ghana E-mail: tbotway@yahoo.com
Published: July 2022

The volume and variety of threats and attacks against computer systems has increased the value of computer network security. There is growing need for a network manager to have the ability to inspect and analyse network data in order to understand what is going on and to respond quickly if an attack is detected. During a network investigation, protocol analysis is the evaluation of some fields in a protocol's data structure. Understanding the components of a network protocol may be quite beneficial during an inquiry. Wireshark is a useful tool for analysing network packets and their dynamics and may be used to identify and categorize many sorts of attack in this regard. This paper examines network protocols that are often utilized by applications using Wireshark. Wireshark can decode the stream of data traveling across a network and display those bits in the protocol's structured representation. The purpose of this paper is to show how Wireshark may be used to analyse network information and protocol. Keywords: Packet Sniffer, Wireshark, Protocol Analyser, Network Packet Analysis BOOK Chapter ǀ Research Nexus in IT, Law, Cyber Security & Forensics. Open Access. Distributed Free Citation: Theophilus Botcway (2022): Analysing Network Information and Protocol Using Wireshark Book Chapter Series on Research Nexus in IT, Law, Cyber Security & Forensics. Pp 203-208 www.isteams.net/ITlawbookchapter2022. dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/CRP-BK3-P33
Current and Future Trends In Mobile Device Forensics
Authors:   Digital Forensics & Cyber Security  Graduate Programme  Department Of Information Systems And Innovations Ghana Institute of Management & Public Administration Greenhill, Accra, Ghana E-mail: anyocot2005@yahoo.com, Anyomi Godwin
Published: July 2022

The contemporary nature of Mobile Devices has brought about evolution process making computational algorithm and networking capabilities to keep up to pace with its constantly growing workload requirements in it usage. This has allowed devices such as smartphones, tablets, and Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) to perform increasingly complex activities making it more efficient enough to replace the traditional options like desktop computers and notebooks. However, due to their portability and size, these devices are more prone to theft, to become compromised, or to be exploited for attacks and other malicious activity. The need for investigation of the aforementioned incidents resulted in the creation of the Mobile Forensics (MF) discipline. MF, a sub-domain of digital forensics, is specialized in extracting and processing evidence from mobile devices in such a way that attacking entities and actions are identified and traced. Apart from the MF being used for extraction and processing evidence from mobile devices, the MF has recently expanded its scope to encompass the organized and advanced evidence representation and analysis of future malicious entity behavior. The activity of mobile device in crime also falls under the classification of cybercrime as sophisticated devices such as smartphones can be used by hackers on the move. Nonetheless, data acquisition still remains its focus. While the field is under continuous research activity, new concepts such as the involvement of Cloud Computing in the MF ecosystem and the evolution of enterprise mobile solutions – particularly Mobile Device Management (MDM) and Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) – bring new opportunities and issues to the discipline. The current paper presents the research conducted with the MF ecosystem during the last 7 years (Konstantia Barmpatsalou, Tiago Cruz, Edmundo Monteiro, and Paulo Simoes. 2018. Current and Future Trends in Mobile Device Forensics), identifies the gaps, and highlights the impact or implication in different jurisdiction. There is a need to have well defined research programmes to constantly search into the behaviors and flaws of institution on cyber safety and challenges that behalf governance on decision making. Keywords: Mobile Forensics, Cybersecurity, Device Management, smartphones, Politics, Trust BOOK Chapter ǀ Research Nexus in IT, Law, Cyber Security & Forensics. Open Access. Distributed Free Citation: (2022): Current and Future Trends In Mobile Device Forensics Book Chapter Series on Research Nexus in IT, Law, Cyber Security & Forensics. Pp 215-220 www.isteams.net/ITlawbookchapter2022. dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/CRP-BK3-P35
Feasibility test of activity index summary metric in human hand activity recognition
Authors: Medarevic Jelena , Novicic Marija , Markovic Marko
Published: July 2022

Activity monitoring is a technique for assessing the physical activity that a
person undertakes over some time. Activity Index (AI) is a metric that
summarizes the raw measurements from tri-axial accelerometers, often used
for measuring physical activity. Our research compared the Activity Index
for different activity groups and hand usage [1]. We also tested this metric
as a classification feature, and how different data acquisition and
segmentation parameter configurations influence classification accuracy.
Data acquisition was done with a previously developed system that includes a
smartwatch on each wrist and a smartphone placed in the subject?s pocket;
raw data from smartwatch accelerometers was used for the analysis. We
calculated the Activity Index for labeled data segments and used ANOVA1
statistical test with Bonferroni correction. Significant differences were
found between cases of hand usage (left, right, none, both). In the next
analysis phase, the Activity Index was used as the classification feature
with three supervised machine learning algorithms-Support Vector Machine,
k-Nearest Neighbors, and Random Forest. The best accuracy (measured by F1
score) of classifying hand usage was achieved by using the Random Forest
algorithm, 50 Hz sampling frequency, and a window of 10 s without overlap
for AI calculation, and it was 97%. On the other hand, the classification of
activity groups had a low accuracy, which indicated that a specific activity
group can?t be identified by using only one simple feature.
Does Public Company Accounting Oversight Board Regulatory Enforcement Deter Low-Quality Audits?
Authors: Lamoreaux Phillip T. , Mowchan Michael , Zhang Wei
Published: July 2022

Regulatory economics suggests that one benefit of public enforcement is the deterrence of improper conduct. Using a difference-in-differences (DiD) design, we investigate whether a deterrence effect follows the revelation of Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) enforcement. We find that large audit firm offices improve audit quality following enforcement naming another office within their firm while small firm offices improve following enforcement of local small firm competitors, with these responses varying by enforcement type. To understand potential mechanisms for the geographic deterrence effect, we examine the first occurrence of a revoked PCAOB registration within a market and find that results are stronger if there is greater news coverage or if nonsanctioned firms are in closer proximity to the sanctioned auditor. Supplemental tests reveal that results are stronger when nonsanctioned auditor clients are similar to the sanctioned firm’s clientele. Our findings suggest a positive but varied deterrence effect following PCAOB enforcement.

JEL Classifications: G38; M42; M48.
The β-Cell in Type 1 Diabetes Pathogenesis: A Victim of Circumstances or an Instigator of Tragic Events?
Authors: Mallone Roberto , Halliez Clémentine , Rui Jinxiu , Herold Kevan C.
Published: July 2022

Recent reports have revived interest in the active role that β-cells may play in type 1 diabetes pathogenesis at different stages of disease. In some studies, investigators suggested an initiating role and proposed that type 1 diabetes may be primarily a disease of β-cells and only secondarily a disease of autoimmunity. This scenario is possible and invites the search for environmental triggers damaging β-cells. Another major contribution of β-cells may be to amplify autoimmune vulnerability and to eventually drive it into an intrinsic, self-detrimental state that turns the T cell–mediated homicide into a β-cell suicide. On the other hand, protective mechanisms are also mounted by β-cells and may provide novel therapeutic targets to combine immunomodulatory and β-cell protective agents. This integrated view of autoimmunity as a disease of T-cell/β-cell cross talk will ultimately advance our understanding of type 1 diabetes pathogenesis and improve our chances of preventing or reversing disease progression.
Lifestyle Intervention Strategy to Treat Diabetes in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Celli Alessandra , Barnouin Yoann , Jiang Bryan , Blevins Dean , Colleluori Georgia , Mediwala Sanjay , Armamento-Villareal Reina , Qualls Clifford , Villareal Dennis T.
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE

Lifestyle intervention is recommended as first-line treatment of diabetes at all ages; however, little is known about the efficacy of lifestyle intervention in older adults with diabetes. We aimed to determine whether lifestyle intervention would improve glycemic control and age-relevant outcomes in older adults with diabetes and comorbidities.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A total of 100 older adults with diabetes were randomly assigned to 1-year intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) (diet and exercise at a facility transitioned into community-fitness centers and homes) or healthy lifestyle (HL) group. The primary outcome was change in HbA1c. Secondary outcomes included glucoregulation, body composition, physical function, and quality of life. Changes between groups were analyzed with mixed-model repeated-measures ANCOVA following the intention-to-treat principle.

RESULTS

HbA1c improved more in the ILI than the HL group (mean ± SE −0.8 ± 0.1 vs. 0.1 ± 0.1%), associated with improved insulin sensitivity (1.2 ± 0.2 vs. −0.4 ± 0.2) and disposition (26.0 ± 8.9 vs. −13.0 ± 8.4 109 min−1) indices (between-group P < 0.001 to 0.04). Body weight and visceral fat decreased more in the ILI than HL group (−8.4 ± 0.6 vs. −0.3 ± 0.6 kg, P < 0.001, and −261 ± 29 vs. −30 ± 27 cm3, P < 0.001, respectively). Physical Performance Test score increased more in the ILI than HL group (2.9 ± 0.6 vs. −0.1 ± 0.4, P < 0.001) as did VO2peak (2.2 ± 0.3 vs. −1.2 ± 0.2 mL/kg/min, P < 0.001). Strength, gait, and 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) Physical Component Summary score also improved more in the ILI group (all P < 0.001). Total insulin dose decreased in the ILI group by 19.8 ± 4.4 units/day. Adverse events included increased episodes of mild hypoglycemia in the ILI group.

CONCLUSIONS

A lifestyle intervention strategy is highly successful in improving metabolic and functional health of older adults with diabetes.
Relation of Incident Type 1 Diabetes to Recent COVID-19 Infection: Cohort Study Using e-Health Record Linkage in Scotland
Authors: McKeigue Paul M. , McGurnaghan Stuart , Blackbourn Luke , Bath Louise E. , McAllister David A. , Caparrotta Thomas M. , Wild Sarah H. , Wood Simon N. , Stockton Diane , Colhoun Helen M.
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE

Studies using claims databases reported that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection >30 days earlier was associated with an increase in the incidence of type 1 diabetes. Using exact dates of diabetes diagnosis from the national register in Scotland linked to virology laboratory data, we sought to replicate this finding.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A cohort of 1,849,411 individuals aged <35 years without diabetes, including all those in Scotland who subsequently tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, was followed from 1 March 2020 to 22 November 2021. Incident type 1 diabetes was ascertained from the national registry. Using Cox regression, we tested the association of time-updated infection with incident diabetes. Trends in incidence of type 1 diabetes in the population from 2015 through 2021 were also estimated in a generalized additive model.

RESULTS

There were 365,080 individuals who had at least one detected SARS-CoV-2 infection during follow-up and 1,074 who developed type 1 diabetes. The rate ratio for incident type 1 diabetes associated with first positive test for SARS-CoV-2 (reference category: no previous infection) was 0.86 (95% CI 0.62, 1.21) for infection >30 days earlier and 2.62 (95% CI 1.81, 3.78) for infection in the previous 30 days. However, negative and positive SARS-CoV-2 tests were more frequent in the days surrounding diabetes presentation. In those aged 0–14 years, incidence of type 1 diabetes during 2020–2021 was 20% higher than the 7-year average.

CONCLUSIONS

Type 1 diabetes incidence in children increased during the pandemic. However, the cohort analysis suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection itself was not the cause of this increase.
Comparing IADPSG and NICE Diagnostic Criteria for GDM in Predicting Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: He Yuanying , Ching Wan Ma Ronald , McIntyre H. David , Sacks David A. , Lowe Julia , Catalano Patrick M. , Tam Wing Hung
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE

To compare the performance of diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) proposed by the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) with those endorsed by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We performed a secondary data analysis of the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes (HAPO) study participants in five study centers. Logistic regression analyses were performed, and Akaike information criterion were applied for the comparison of different statistical prediction models. We further analyzed the performance by four racial/ethnic subgroups, namely, Whites, Hispanics, Asians, and Blacks.

RESULTS

Among all, IADPSG criteria diagnosed 267 (4.1%) more women with GDM, but predicted primary caesarean section (CS) and large for gestational age (LGA) and neonatal adiposity better than did NICE criteria after adjustment for potential confounders. Among Whites, IADPSG criteria diagnosed 65 (2.5%) more subjects with GDM and predicted LGA and neonatal adiposity better, but predicted hypertensive disorders, primary CS and clinical neonatal hypoglycemia worse. Among Hispanics, the IADPSG criteria diagnosed 203 (12.1%) more with GDM but performed better in predicting hypertensive disorders, LGA, neonatal adiposity, and hyperinsulinemia. Among Asians, the IADPSG criteria diagnosed 34 (2.0%) fewer subjects with GDM but predicted hypertensive disorders better in the unadjusted model. In Blacks, IADPSG criteria diagnosed 34 (10.5%) more women with GDM.

CONCLUSIONS

IADPSG criteria appear to be more favorable than NICE for identification of adverse pregnancy outcomes among Hispanic and Asian women, while they are comparable to NICE among White women.
Physical Function in Middle-aged and Older Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: Long-term Follow-up of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study
Authors: Martin Catherine L. , Trapani Victoria R. , Backlund Jye-Yu C. , Lee Pearl , Braffett Barbara H. , Bebu Ionut , Lachin John M. , Jacobson Alan M. , Gubitosi-Klug Rose , Herman William H. , Group the DCCT/EDIC Research
Published: July 2022

  

Objective: To describe the prevalence and clinical correlates of functional limitations in middle-aged and older adults with long-standing type 1 diabetes.

Research Design and Methods: Functional limitations were assessed for 1,094 participants in the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study, a multi-center, longitudinal, observational follow-up of participants with type 1 diabetes randomly assigned to intensive or conventional diabetes therapy during the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT). The primary outcome measure was a score <10 on the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). The secondary outcome, self-reported functional limitation, was assessed by written questionnaire. Logistic regression models assessed associations of both outcomes with demographic and clinical factors (glycemic and non-glycemic factors, micro- and macrovascular complications, DCCT cohort and treatment assignment). 

Results: Fifty-three percent of participants were male. The mean age was 59.5±6.8 years and mean diabetes duration was 37.9±4.9 years. The prevalence of SPPB score <10 was 21%. The prevalence of self-reported functional limitations was 48%. While DCCT treatment assignment was not associated with physical function outcomes measured ~25 years after the end of the DCCT the time-weighted DCCT/EDIC mean HbA1c was associated with both outcomes. Other clinical factors associated with both outcomes in multivariable analyses were BMI, general psychological distress, and cardiac autonomic neuropathy. 

Conclusions: Almost half of the middle-aged and older adults with long-standing type 1 diabetes reported functional limitations, which were associated with higher HbA1c and BMI, general psychological distress, and cardiac autonomic neuropathy. Future research is needed to determine if these findings are generalizable.
A Collating Study for Health and Management Practices Followed by Stall Fed and Extensive Rearing Goat Farmers of Punjab
Authors:   Dept. of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab (141 012), India, Dhaliwal Aman Deep Singh , Kasrija Rajesh ,   Dept. of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab (141 012), India, Singh Parminder ,   Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Majra, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar (Mohali), Punjab (140 103), India, Jadoun Y. S. ,   Dept. of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab (141 012), India
Published: July 2022

The present study was conducted in all the six different agro-climatic zones of Punjab state during February 2019 to April 2020 to study the awareness of goat farmers rearing goats on Stall fed (Group I) and Extensive/Grazing (Group II) system regarding health and management practices. A total of 120 goat farmers were randomly selected in such a way that 10 goat farmers belong to Group I and Group II each from all the six different agro-climatic zones, thereby making sample size of 60 goat farmers for Group I and Group II each. Personal interview schedule as tool of data collection was used to gather information. In Punjab, most of the goat farmers were between age group 31-60 years, male, with education level up to high school, had main occupation as goat farming, had joint families and were landless. The mean knowledge percentage at Punjab level was reported to be 33.20%. The health and management knowledge score of Group I and Group II goat farmers in different agro-climatic zones of Punjab differ significantly at p<0.05. The knowledge score of Group I (in medium category) is significantly higher (at p<0.05) than Group II (in Low category). The present study gives light on the facts that there is dire need to enrich knowledge of goat farmers about health and management practices by conducting demonstrations and training programmes at field level. The knowledge level of goat farmers should be assessed before organizing any extension programme, as it varies from zone (area) to zone (area) and between different farming system. Also, the goat farmers should be educated about advantages of stall rearing system, so as to give momentum to goat farming in the state.
Equisetum arvense (horsetail) Extract: The First Approved Basic Substance Allowed for EU Crop Protection
Authors:   nstitut de l’Agriculture et de l’Alimentation Biologiques (ITAB) Inputs Dept., 149 rue de Bercy, F- 75595 Paris CEDEX 12, France, Taylor A. , Bonafos R. ,   Montpellier SupAgro, Dept. of Biology and Ecology 2 Place Pierre Viala, F-34060 Montpellier, France, Chovelon M. ,   nstitut de l’Agriculture et de l’Alimentation Biologiques (ITAB) Inputs Dept., 149 rue de Bercy, F- 75595 Paris CEDEX 12, France, Parvaud C. E. ,   nstitut de l’Agriculture et de l’Alimentation Biologiques (ITAB) Inputs Dept., 149 rue de Bercy, F- 75595 Paris CEDEX 12, France, Furet A. ,   ADABIO, 95 rue des Soudanières, F-01250 CEYZERIAT, France, Aveline N. ,   nstitut de l’Agriculture et de l’Alimentation Biologiques (ITAB) Inputs Dept., 149 rue de Bercy, F- 75595 Paris CEDEX 12, France, Bertrand C. ,   Universite de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Dept. CRIOBE Centre de Recherches Insulaires et Observatoire de l'Environnement (USR 3278), 52 avenue Paul Alduy, F-66860 PERPIGNAN Cedex 9, France, Marchand P. A. ,   nstitut de l’Agriculture et de l’Alimentation Biologiques (ITAB) Inputs Dept., 149 rue de Bercy, F- 75595 Paris CEDEX 12, France
Published: July 2022

Equisetum arvense is an herbaceous perennial plant traditionally used in human medicine (i.e. for organic silicon supplementation). It is an approved basic substance with fungicidal properties under Article 23 of agricultural EU pesticide regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 (Anonymous, 2009) since 2014 and in Organic Production since 2016. Currently, its approved uses are for arboriculture, horticulture, ornamentals and viticulture through initial approval and two use extensions granted in 2016 and 2017. Further use extensions to allow cereal use have been submitted to the EU Commission for evaluation in 2018. Thus, fungicide usages for the cereals are being evaluated by the EU regulatory assessment organisation, with ESA outcome in 2020 and further discussion at Commission level since. Horsetail extract has recently been shown to have antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antitumor, cytotoxic and anticonvulsant activities. Initial main field trials to demonstrate its plant protection properties were coordinated in France by the “4P” project “Protection des Plantes Par les Plantes” (Plant Protection by Plants) between 2010 and 2013 but additional field trials were later collected. We detail in this study the results obtained and all the uses of this decoction as a plant protection product. In addition, we describe the full approval processes for the basic substance Equisetum arvense and the extensions of use, covered by the Article 23 of the plant protection regulation in EU.
Antimicrobial Potential of Panchagavya Formulation from Indian Cow Breeds
Authors:   Dairy Chemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana (132 001), India, Rai Satyam , Rao Priyanka Singh ,   Dairy Chemistry Section, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Southern Regional Station, Bengaluru, Karnataka (560 030), India, Sharma Vivek ,   Dairy Chemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana (132 001), India, Pradhan Diwas ,   Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana (132 001), India, Singh Richa ,   Dairy Chemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana (132 001), India
Published: July 2022

The Sanskrit word panchagavya means the “mixture of five cow products”, viz. dung, urine, milk, curd and ghee. The present study involves standardization of method for preparation of panchagavya formulations on the basis of antimicrobial activity. For that, panchagavya prepared in three different ratios (A, B and C) were kept for fermentation at two different temperatures (37° and 25°C) up to 30 days. At 10 days interval, raw samples and their distillates were analyzed for pH and antimicrobial activities against selected indicator strains. The ratio A, B and C had pH value 7.49±0.09, 8.01±0.16 and 8.23±0.26, respectively at 0 day while distillate of corresponding samples showed pH towards the alkaline side. On fermentation the pH value of RA and its distillate shifted towards acidic side while that of ratio B and C and their distillate towards alkaline side. No antibacterial activity was observed against gram negative bacteria. The distillate of ratio A (DRA) fermented at 37°C showed maximum activity against the two-gram positive bacteria i.e.,Bacillus. subtilis and Bacillus. cereus on 20th day. Similarly in antifungal activity, the distillate of ratio A (DRA) fermented at 37°C showed maximum activity against Candida. Butyri, Rhodotorulaglutinis, Penicillium camemberti and Aspergillus niger. Overall, the highest antimicrobial activity was observed in the distillate of panchagavya prepared by mixing all the raw ingredients in equal ratio, fermented at 37°C up to 20 days. The activity was more predominant in panchagavya distillate of Gir and Sahiwal compared to Tharparkar and Karan Fries.
Response of Rice Variety Nagina 22 (N22) and its Putative Mutants to Aluminium Toxicity Conditions in North-East India
Authors:   School of Crop Improvement, College of Post-Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Umiam, Meghalaya (793 103), India, Longkumer Limasunep , Rai Mayank ,   School of Crop Improvement, College of Post-Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Umiam, Meghalaya (793 103), India, Tyagi Wricha ,   School of Crop Improvement, College of Post-Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Umiam, Meghalaya (793 103), India
Published: July 2022

The study was performed to evaluate the wildtype genotype Nagina 22 (N22) and its mutants generated by ethyl methyl sulphonate (EMS)for aluminium (Al) toxicity tolerance. Based on performance under upland acidic field conditions on the basis of twelve different traits,among several available M4N22 mutants,four putative mutants N 714, N 721, N 4249 and N 4487 were selected for hydroponics evaluation. The seeds of the four selected lines were subjected to germination and grown in modified Magnacava’s broth supplemented with varying doses of AlCl3 under aseptic conditionsand phenotypic variations for traits like root length, shoot length, root biomass and shoot biomass were recorded. Haematoxylin staining of roots were also carried out on the seedlings grown under control as well as Al toxicity conditions which further revealed that putative mutants N 721 and N 4249 were better performers when compared to N22. Additionally, twelve candidate gene based markers targeting four known Al toxicity tolerance genes resulted in detection of gel based polymorphism for markers AR051-2, AR051-3 and OsFRLD4-1. These putative variations need further validation by running the markers on a set of at least 10 individual putative mutants and sequencing. Al toxicity tolerance in rice is a quantitative trait, these identified mutants can be used to obtain better understanding of tolerance mechanisms and then if possibleuse them synergistically to obtain better tolerance.
Dietary Addition of Black Cumin (Nigella Sativa) Seed on the Performance of Broiler Chicken during Summer Season
Authors:   Dept. of Livestock Production and Management, Nagaland University, Sasrd, Medziphema, Nagaland (797 106), India, Devi N. Sushma , Vidyarthi V. K. ,   Dept. of Livestock Production and Management, Nagaland University, Sasrd, Medziphema, Nagaland (797 106), India, Zuyie R. ,   Dept. of Livestock Production and Management, Nagaland University, Sasrd, Medziphema, Nagaland (797 106), India
Published: July 2022

A experiment was conducted with a total number of 120 Cobb-400 strains of broilers were selected and subjected to four dietary treatments with 30 birds each having five replications per treatment. The birds of control group 1were offered standard broiler starter diet till 21 days and thereafter standard finisher diet up to 42 days. The birds of other groups were also offered the same diet as in group 1 along with black cumin seed powder supplementation at the rate of 1.0 (Group 2), 2.0 (Group 3) and 3.0 (Group 4) % of the diet. The values for average body weight, gain in weight, feed consumption,feed conversion efficiency, performance index and carcass weight per bird during the summer season had not shown any impact irrespective of treatments but it had significant (p<0.05) effect on haemoglobin, red blood cells, white blood cells, packed cell volume, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein and Cholesterol. There was no mortality and hence liveability percentage was 100 % in all groups. The dressing percentage, carcass yield and organ weight was found to be best in treatment groups than control. The haematological and biochemical parameters were found to have positive effect in the treatment groups than control. However, the control group had the highest net profit return than treatment groups. Hence, it was concluded that using of black cumin seed as herbal feed additive helps in the improvement of health condition of the birds.
Critical Performance Analysis of The Health Insurance Sector In India During Covid-19 Outbreak
Authors: Yadav Babita , Kaur Sukhmeet , Devi Saloni , Manocha Sanjay
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Health insurance is one of the main non-life insurance sectors, which contributes nearly 29% of general insurance premium income. Almost every industry in the world has been affected by the COVID-19 outbreak and its associated lockdowns, including the Indian insurance industry, which makes a significant contribution to a nation's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and economic development.
Objectives: This review of literature aims to critically evaluate the performance of Indian health insurance companies along with examining various opportunities and challenges during the time of COVID-19 pandemic.
Method: The present study is a combination of both exploratory and descriptive literature review types and was entirely based on published secondary data. Literature searches were performed using Google Scholar, Research Gate, ProQuest, and Scopus databases for articles published between 2020 and 2022. The study also used various annual reports of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI), the internet, newspaper articles, and company websites for the study.
Results: Even though there was a lack of literature on this topic, 19 articles were identified for review based on the keyword search that most closely matched the topic of the study. The study assesses the effectiveness of various Indian health insurance companies using four key metrics: gross health premium income, incurred claim ratio, number of policies issued or covered and amount of claim paid. Results of the study have shown that as more people get health insurance during the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a notable growth seen in the overall performance of the health insurance business.
Conclusion: Health insurers faced both opportunities and challenges as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the imperative need to develop more customer-centric new products and services that enable them to provide a significant health insurance benefit to the large untapped population of the Indian market.
*((The paper presented at the 7th International Conference on Embracing Change & Transformation Innovation and Creativity 26-28 May 2022)