bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Sensor Positions in the Stress Wave Tomography of Internal Defects in Hardwood
Authors: Du Xiaochen , Zheng Yilei , Feng Hailin
Published: March 2024

Stress wave tomography technology uses instruments to collect stress wave velocity data via sensors, visualizes those velocity data, and reconstructs an image of internal defects using estimated velocity distribution. This technology can be used to detect the size, position, and shape of internal defects in hardwood, and it has increasingly attracted the attention of researchers. In order to obtain enough stress wave signals, 12 sensors are usually equidistantly positioned around the cross-section of trunks like a clock. Although this strategy is reasonable and convenient, it is obviously not the optimal signal acquisition strategy for all defects. In this paper, a novel sensor position’s optimization method for high-quality stress wave tomography is proposed. The relationship between the shape of defects and the planar distribution of sensors is established by taking the ray penetration ratio and degree of equidistant distribution of sensors as indicators. Through the construction of the fitness function and optimization conditions, the optimal strategy for the planar distribution of sensors was determined using the Genetic Algorithm. Seven samples containing simulated defects and real tree trunks were used to test the proposed algorithm, and the comparison results show that the image of internal defects in hardwood can be reconstructed with high accuracy after optimizing the sensor positions.
Edge-Enhanced TempoFuseNet: A Two-Stream Framework for Intelligent Multiclass Video Anomaly Recognition in 5G and IoT Environments
Authors: Saleem Gulshan , Bajwa Usama Ijaz , Raza Rana Hammad , Zhang Fan
Published: March 2024

Surveillance video analytics encounters unprecedented challenges in 5G and IoT environments, including complex intra-class variations, short-term and long-term temporal dynamics, and variable video quality. This study introduces Edge-Enhanced TempoFuseNet, a cutting-edge framework that strategically reduces spatial resolution to allow the processing of low-resolution images. A dual upscaling methodology based on bicubic interpolation and an encoder–bank–decoder configuration is used for anomaly classification. The two-stream architecture combines the power of a pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for spatial feature extraction from RGB imagery in the spatial stream, while the temporal stream focuses on learning short-term temporal characteristics, reducing the computational burden of optical flow. To analyze long-term temporal patterns, the extracted features from both streams are combined and routed through a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) layer. The proposed framework (TempoFuseNet) outperforms the encoder–bank–decoder model in terms of performance metrics, achieving a multiclass macro average accuracy of 92.28%, an F1-score of 69.29%, and a false positive rate of 4.41%. This study presents a significant advancement in the field of video anomaly recognition and provides a comprehensive solution to the complex challenges posed by real-world surveillance scenarios in the context of 5G and IoT.
Advanced Techniques for Geospatial Referencing in Online Media Repositories
Authors: Warch Dominik , Stellbauer Patrick , Neis Pascal
Published: March 2024

In the digital transformation era, video media libraries’ untapped potential is immense, restricted primarily by their non-machine-readable nature and basic search functionalities limited to standard metadata. This study presents a novel multimodal methodology that utilizes advances in artificial intelligence, including neural networks, computer vision, and natural language processing, to extract and geocode geospatial references from videos. Leveraging the geospatial information from videos enables semantic searches, enhances search relevance, and allows for targeted advertising, particularly on mobile platforms. The methodology involves a comprehensive process, including data acquisition from ARD Mediathek, image and text analysis using advanced machine learning models, and audio and subtitle processing with state-of-the-art linguistic models. Despite challenges like model interpretability and the complexity of geospatial data extraction, this study’s findings indicate significant potential for advancing the precision of spatial data analysis within video content, promising to enrich media libraries with more navigable, contextually rich content. This advancement has implications for user engagement, targeted services, and broader urban planning and cultural heritage applications.
Influence of Smoke Exhaust Volume and Smoke Vent Layout on the Ceiling Centralized Smoke Exhaust Effect in Tunnel Fires
Authors: Shi Youzhi , Qian Shixiong , Zhao Pengju , Guo Pan , Gao Zihe
Published: March 2024

This research focuses on the impact of smoke exhaust volume and smoke vent layout, which are two crucial factors affecting the smoke control efficiency in tunnels, on the smoke exhaust effect in tunnel fires. Numerical simulation methods are employed to investigate the impact of changing the smoke exhaust volume and the smoke vent number on the smoke exhaust performance in a curved tunnel with a ceiling centralized smoke exhaust system. This research primarily examines the length of the smoke distribution, the smoke temperature under the ceiling, the vertical visibility, and the exhausted smoke mass flow rate. The findings indicate that, in a tunnel with a single-side ceiling centralized smoke exhaust mode, an imbalance in smoke distribution occurs between the upstream and downstream of the fire source. The upstream area experiences a higher amount of smoke, while the downstream area has thinner smoke. Increasing the smoke exhaust volume yielded positive effects on smoke control, as evident in the reduced the smoke spread range, and improved the smoke exhaust efficiency. The influence of changing smoke vent number on the smoke exhaust effect was dependent on the smoke exhaust volume. When the smoke exhaust volume was excessive, altering the number of smoke vents had a minimal impact on smoke exhaust, while in cases with small smoke exhaust volumes, changes in smoke vent numbers obviously influenced the smoke control effect. Therefore, selecting an appropriate smoke exhaust volume and raising the smoke vent number can effectively optimize the performance of the ceiling centralized smoke exhaust system.
Changes in Flavor-Related Biomarkers in Pacific Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Following Microplastic Exposure
Authors: Liu Yu , Teng Xiaoyu , Chen Lipin , Wu Shuai , Xue Changhu , Li Zhaojie
Published: March 2024

Microplastics have been an emerging threat to filtering species and the ingestion and impacts of microplastics on oysters are a cause for concern. However, much remains unknown about the effects of microplastics on flavor-related biomarkers in oysters. Herein, a laboratory microplastic exposure with concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 mg/L for 15 days was performed to investigate the impacts of microplastics on the flavor parameters of oysters. Exposure to microplastics changed the odor characteristics of oysters. Microplastic exposure had minor effects on the fatty acid composition; however, significant alterations in free amino acids and nucleotides were observed under the 1 and 10 mg/L exposure groups, respectively. The overall results indicated 10 mg/L of microplastic exposure significantly increased the equivalent umami value of oysters. These findings stressed the effects of microplastics on oysters and would be an important reference for the assessment of the potential risks associated with microplastics in marine edible species.
Electronic Prediction of Chemical Contaminants in Aroma of Brewed Roasted Coffee and Quantification of Acrylamide Levels
Authors: Cascos Gema , Montero-Fernández Ismael , Marcía-Fuentes Jhunior Abrahan , Aleman Ricardo S. , Ruiz-Canales Antonio , Martín-Vertedor Daniel
Published: March 2024

The aim of this research was to apply an electronic device as indirect predictive technology to evaluate toxic chemical compounds in roasted espresso coffee. Fresh coffee beans were subjected to different thermal treatments and analyzed to determine volatile organic compounds, content of acrylamide and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, sensory characteristics and electronic nose data. In total, 70 different volatile compounds were detected and grouped into 15 chemical families. The greatest percentage of these compounds were furans, pyrazines, pyridines and aldehydes. The positive aroma detected had the intensity of coffee odor and a roasted aroma, whereas the negative aroma was related to a burnt smell. A linear relationship between the toxic substances and the sensory defect was established. A high sensory defect implied a lower content of acrylamide and a higher content of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Finally, electronic signals were also correlated with the sensory defect. This relationship allowed us to predict the presence of these contaminants in the roasted coffee beverage with an indirect method by using this electronic device. Thus, this device may be useful to indirectly evaluate the chemical contaminants in coffee beverages according to their sensory characteristics.
The Combined Antioxidant Effects of N-Acetylcysteine, Vitamin D3, and Glutathione from the Intestinal–Neuronal In Vitro Model
Authors: Mulè Simone , Ferrari Sara , Rosso Giorgia , Brovero Arianna , Botta Mattia , Congiusta Alessia , Galla Rebecca , Molinari Claudio , Uberti Francesca
Published: March 2024

Chronic oxidative stress has been consistently linked to age-related diseases, conditions, and degenerative syndromes. Specifically, the brain is the organ that significantly contributes to declining quality of life in ageing. Since the body cannot completely counteract the detrimental effects of oxidative stress, nutraceuticals’ antioxidant properties have received significant attention in recent years. This study assesses the potential health benefits of a novel combination of glutathione, vitamin D3, and N-acetylcysteine. To examine the combination’s absorption and biodistribution and confirm that it has no harmful effects, the bioavailability of the mixture was first evaluated in a 3D model that mimicked the intestinal barrier. Further analyses on the blood–brain barrier was conducted to determine the antioxidant effects of the combination in the nervous system. The results show that the combination reaches the target and successfully crosses the blood–brain and intestinal barriers, demonstrating enhanced advantages on the neurological system, such as a reduction (about 10.5%) in inflammation and enhancement in cell myelination (about 20.4%) and brain tropism (about 18.1%) compared to the control. The results support the cooperative effect of N-acetylcysteine, vitamin D3, and glutathione to achieve multiple health benefits, outlining the possibility of an alternative nutraceutical approach.
Content Analysis of Food Safety Information in Apple-Drying Recipes from YouTube, Blogs, Cookbooks, and Extension Materials
Authors: Low Megan , Feng Yaohua
Published: March 2024

Recurrent foodborne outbreaks associated with low-moisture foods prompted this study to evaluate apple-handling practices presented in apple-drying recipes available to United States consumers, and to explore the food safety implications of the recipes. Because little research is available on the safety of home fruit-drying, we conducted a systematic search of English-language apple-drying recipes from YouTube videos, blog articles, cookbooks, and university extension sources. Our evaluation found that most recipes excluded handwashing instructions, and potential cross-contamination practices were evident in 12% of the videos. Bruised or damaged apples were selected for drying in 16% of the videos, two blogs, and five cookbook recipes. Although more than half the blogs and videos demonstrated pre-treatment procedures, they did so predominantly to minimize browning with almost no mention of antimicrobial benefits. Drying temperature information was missing in 41% of the videos and 35% of the cookbooks that we evaluated. Even when temperatures were mentioned, most were insufficient for pathogen reduction according to the recommendations of previous studies. These videos, blogs, and cookbooks commonly advocated subjective indicators instead of unit measurements when slicing apples and checking for doneness. Our findings reveal the need for drastic improvements in food safety information dissemination to home apple-dryers and recipe developers.
Recent Advances of Chitosan-Based Hydrogels for Skin-Wound Dressings
Authors: Guo Wei , Ding Xiaoyue , Zhang Han , Liu Zhenzhong , Han Yanting , Wei Qianqian , Okoro Oseweuba Valentine , Shavandi Amin , Nie Lei
Published: March 2024

The management of wound healing represents a significant clinical challenge due to the complicated processes involved. Chitosan has remarkable properties that effectively prevent certain microorganisms from entering the body and positively influence both red blood cell aggregation and platelet adhesion and aggregation in the bloodstream, resulting in a favorable hemostatic outcome. In recent years, chitosan-based hydrogels have been widely used as wound dressings due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, safety, non-toxicity, bioadhesiveness, and soft texture resembling the extracellular matrix. This article first summarizes an overview of the main chemical modifications of chitosan for wound dressings and then reviews the desired properties of chitosan-based hydrogel dressings. The applications of chitosan-based hydrogels in wound healing, including burn wounds, surgical wounds, infected wounds, and diabetic wounds are then discussed. Finally, future prospects for chitosan-based hydrogels as wound dressings are discussed. It is anticipated that this review will form a basis for the development of a range of chitosan-based hydrogel dressings for clinical treatment.
Identification of Eggplant SmMPK Gene Family and Functional Verification of SmMPK4.1
Authors: Liao Jielei , Dong Yanxiao , Hua Ziyi , Hao Jiangnan , Zhao Na , Li Shaohang , Chen Huoying
Published: March 2024

Light is one of the important factors influencing anthocyanin synthesis, and low-light conditions (<2000 Lux) seriously affect the coloration of the peels of purple eggplant. MPK4 is an important protein kinase that regulates a number of physiological processes and is equivalent to the “molecular switch” in the plant. The function of MPK4 has been studied in Arabidopsis, rice, and apple, but its function in eggplant has not been reported. In this study, 16 SmMPK genes were identified using photo-sensitive eggplant ‘LSHX’ as a material. We found that overexpression of SmMPK4.1 could affect the phenotype of eggplant leaves and metabolites of fruits, and knockout of SmMPK4.1 affected the function of synthesizing anthocyanin in eggplant induced by high light (10,000 Lux). Furthermore, we demonstrated that SmMPK4.1 could interact with SmMYB75 in yeast and that SmMPK4.1 negatively regulated the function of anthocyanin synthesis by SmMYB75. The results of this study revealed the function of SmMPK4.1 and provided candidate genes for conducting high-quality breeding of eggplant in production.
Towards Resilient Healthcare Systems: A Framework for Crisis Management
Authors: Emami Seyedeh Gelareh , Lorenzoni Valentina , Turchetti Giuseppe
Published: March 2024

This study addresses the crucial need for resilient healthcare systems, highlighted by recent global health emergencies such as the Ebola and COVID-19 crises. It identifies a significant gap in the current literature: a lack of practical, actionable frameworks for healthcare resilience. To bridge this gap, the research introduces an innovative framework that blends theoretical resilience concepts with heuristic approaches. This framework, rooted in the principles of monitoring, anticipation, recognition, and learning, is designed to enhance the crisis management capabilities of healthcare systems. The methodology involves a comprehensive literature review, combined with heuristic methods, culminating in a framework that is both academically sound and practically applicable. This framework guides healthcare systems through various stages of crisis management, including data collection, situation analysis, risk anticipation, and response evaluation. It provides a holistic approach to enhancing resilience in healthcare settings. Overall, this paper makes a significant contribution to the field of healthcare system resilience, offering a strategic blueprint for improved crisis response and recovery. It marks an important advancement in aligning theoretical resilience concepts with practical implementation strategies, essential for tackling current and future healthcare challenges.
The Effect of Community-Based Exercise on Health Outcomes for Indigenous Peoples with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hurst Lauren , Kirwan Morwenna , Christie Vita , Cross Cara , Baylis Sam , White Liam , Gwynne Kylie
Published: March 2024

Indigenous peoples globally experience a high burden of type 2 diabetes in comparison to non-Indigenous peoples. While community-based exercise interventions designed for type 2 diabetes (T2D) management have garnered success in non-Indigenous populations, they likely require adjustments to meet the needs of Indigenous people. This systematic review aims to determine if health outcomes in Indigenous peoples with T2D could be improved by community-based exercise programmes and the features of those programmes that best meet their needs. The CINAHL, Embase, Informit Indigenous Collection, Medline, PubMed, Scopus, SportDiscus, and Web of Science databases have been searched to identify peer-reviewed literature with original outcome data that report on the health effects of community-based exercise interventions for the management of T2D among Indigenous peoples. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool and Indigenous Community Engagement Tool were implemented to assess methodological quality. Three moderate-to-high-quality studies were selected for review, including participants of Polynesian or Native American Zuni Indian descent. Results indicated positive effects of group exercise on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index, body weight, total cholesterol, blood pressure, quality of life, and patient activation levels in high-adhering participants. This review concludes that community-based exercise interventions may improve health outcomes for Indigenous adults with T2D when conducted with strong community engagement.
Implementing E-Cigarettes as an Alternate Smoking Cessation Tool during Pregnancy: A Process Evaluation at Two UK Sites
Authors: Lutman-White Eleanor , Patel Riya , Lycett Deborah , Hayward Kelly , Sampson Ruth , Arulrajah Janani , Whelan Maxine
Published: March 2024

Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of adverse maternal and foetal health outcomes, with effective smoking cessation support important. E-cigarette use in the general population has increased rapidly in recent years, with their use viewed as an alternate, additional offer to nicotine-replacement therapy and behavioural support. However, their use in pregnancy has limited investigation. This study aimed to understand how two e-cigarette pilots for pregnant women were delivered and implemented. Referrals to the general stop smoking in pregnancy service, as well as pilot enrolment, engagement and outcomes were recorded. Seven professionals involved in pilot 2 design, setup and/or delivery took part in semi-structured interviews informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Transcripts were deductively coded into CFIR. In total, 124 of 296 women accessed at least one visit after being contacted and offered the e-cigarette pilot (Pilot 1: N = 99, Pilot 2: N = 25). In Pilot 2, 13 (of 25) reached 4 weeks, and common reasons for withdrawal by 12 weeks included relapse, loss of contact and no further support wanted. Forty-five (36.3%) validated quits were reported (Pilot 1: 32 of 99 (32.3%); Pilot 2: 13 of 25 (52%)). Facilitators included regular communication and the advisors physically taking e-cigarettes to home visits. Barriers included misalignment between the pilot and the standard treatment offer and availability of the staff resource. Enrolment to both pilots was demonstrated, with greater enrolment in one pilot and notable quit rates among women across both pilots. The perceived role of e-cigarettes for pregnant women varied, and a lack of staff resources explained some challenges. Adaptations may be needed during scale-up, including additional resources and the alignment of the e-cigarette provision to standard treatment.
Influence of N-Acetylglucosamine and Melatonin Interaction in Modeling the Photosynthetic Component and Metabolomics of Cucumber under Salinity Stress
Authors: Kang Sang-Mo , Adhikari Arjun , Kwon Eun-Hae , Gam Ho-Jun , Jeon Jin Ryeol , Woo Ji-In , Lee In-Jung
Published: March 2024

The application of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and melatonin (Mel) in agriculture could be a promising avenue for improving crop resilience and productivity, especially under challenging environmental conditions. In the current study, we treated the cucumber plant with GlcNAc and Mel solely and combinedly under salt stress (150 mM) then studied photosynthetic attributes using the transient OJIP fluorescence method. The results showed that the combination of GlcNAc × Mel significantly improved the plant morphological attributes, such as root and shoot biomass, and also improved chlorophyll and photosynthetic components. The mineral elements such as K, Mg, Ca, and P were significantly elevated, whereas a lower influx of Na was observed in GlcNAc × Mel treated cucumber shoots. A significant reduction in abscisic acid was observed, which was validated by the reduction in proline content and the increase in stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (E), and substomatal CO2 concentration (Ci). Furthermore, the activities of antioxidants such as polyphenol and flavonoid were considerably improved, resulting in a decrease in SOD and CAT with GlcNAc × Mel treatment. In addition, GlcNAc × Mel treatment dropped levels of the toxic radical Malondialdehyde (MDA) and elevated amino acids in cucumber shoots. These findings suggest that the combination of GlcNAc × Mel could be an effective elicitor for modeling plant metabolism to confer stress tolerance in crops.
Toward Enhanced Antioxidant and Protective Potential: Conjugation of Corn Cob Xylan with Gallic Acid as a Novel Approach
Authors: Dantas-Berto Isabelle Luna Oliveira , Viana Rony Lucas Silva , de Medeiros Mayara Jane Campos , Nobre Leonardo Thiago Duarte Barreto , Luchiari Ana Carolina , Medeiros Valquíria Pereira , Paiva Weslley Souza , Melo-Silveira Raniere Fagundes , Rocha Hugo Alexandre Oliveira
Published: March 2024

Maize ranks as the second most widely produced crop globally, yielding approximately 1.2 billion tons, with corn cob being its primary byproduct, constituting 18 kg per 100 kg of corn. Agricultural corn production generates bioactive polysaccharide-rich byproducts, including xylan (Xyl). In this study, we used the redox method to modify corn cob xylan with gallic acid, aiming to enhance its antioxidant and protective capacity against oxidative stress. The conjugation process resulted in a new molecule termed conjugated xylan–gallic acid (Xyl-GA), exhibiting notable improvements in various antioxidant parameters, including total antioxidant capacity (1.4-fold increase), reducing power (1.2-fold increase), hydroxyl radical scavenging (1.6-fold increase), and cupric chelation (27.5-fold increase) when compared with unmodified Xyl. At a concentration of 1 mg/mL, Xyl-GA demonstrated no cytotoxicity, significantly increased fibroblast cell viability (approximately 80%), and effectively mitigated intracellular ROS levels (reduced by 100%) following oxidative damage induced by H2O2. Furthermore, Xyl-GA exhibited non-toxicity toward zebrafish embryos, offered protection against H2O2-induced stress, and reduced the rate of cells undergoing apoptosis resulting from H2O2 exposure. In conclusion, our findings suggest that Xyl-GA possesses potential therapeutic value in addressing oxidative stress-related disturbances. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the molecular structure of this novel compound and establish correlations with its pharmacological activities.
The Molecular Mechanism of the Response of Rice to Arsenic Stress and Effective Strategies to Reduce the Accumulation of Arsenic in Grain
Authors: Geng Anjing , Lian Wenli , Wang Yihan , Liu Minghao , Zhang Yue , Wang Xu , Chen Guang
Published: March 2024

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food for more than 50% of the world’s population. Owing to its growth characteristics, rice has more than 10-fold the ability to enrich the carcinogen arsenic (As) than other crops, which seriously affects world food security. The consumption of rice is one of the primary ways for humans to intake As, and it endangers human health. Effective measures to control As pollution need to be studied and promoted. Currently, there have been many studies on reducing the accumulation of As in rice. They are generally divided into agronomic practices and biotechnological approaches, but simultaneously, the problem of using the same measures to obtain the opposite results may be due to the different species of As or soil environments. There is a lack of systematic discussion on measures to reduce As in rice based on its mechanism of action. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanism of the accumulation of As in rice could result in accurate measures to reduce the content of As based on local conditions. Different species of As have different toxicity and metabolic pathways. This review comprehensively summarizes and reviews the molecular mechanisms of toxicity, absorption, transport and redistribution of different species of As in rice in recent years, and the agronomic measures to effectively reduce the accumulation of As in rice and the genetic resources that can be used to breed for rice that only accumulates low levels of As. The goal of this review is to provide theoretical support for the prevention and control of As pollution in rice, facilitate the creation of new types of germplasm aiming to develop without arsenic accumulation or within an acceptable limit to prevent the health consequences associated with heavy metal As as described here.
Serum-Soluble CD163 Levels as a Prognostic Biomarker in Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Treated with Chemoimmunotherapy
Authors: Koudouna Aspasia , Gkioka Annita Ioanna , Gkiokas Alexandros , Tryfou Thomai M. , Papadatou Mavra , Alexandropoulos Alexandros , Bartzi Vassiliki , Kafasi Nikolitsa , Kyrtsonis Marie-Christine
Published: March 2024

The majority of patients with Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) will respond to first-line treatment and be cured. However, the disease is heterogeneous, and biomarkers able to discriminate patients with suboptimal prognosis are needed. M2 CD163-positive tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) were shown to be implicated in DLBCL disease activity regulation. Serum-soluble CD163 (sCD163) functions as a scavenger receptor for haptoglobin–hemoglobin complexes and is mostly expressed by monocytes and macrophages. Its levels are used to determine macrophage activation. We aimed to determine serum sCD163 in a sample of DLBCL patients and study eventual correlations with parameters of disease activity or survival. Serum sCD163 levels were measured in 40 frozen sera from patients diagnosed with DLBCL and 30 healthy individuals (HIs) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 28. The results showed that patients who achieved complete response after standard-of-care immunochemotherapy and were alive and disease-free after 12 months of follow-up but had elevated sCD163 levels (above median) at diagnosis presented a significantly worse overall survival compared to those with initial serum sCD163 levels below the median (p = 0.03). Consequently, serum sCD163 levels in patients with DLBCL may constitute a marker of long-term response to chemoimmunotherapy.
Exploring the Molecular Tapestry: Organ-Specific Peptide and Protein Ultrafiltrates and Their Role in Therapeutics
Authors: Slivka Jakub Peter , Bauer Chris , Younsi Alexander , Wong Michelle B. F. , Chan Mike K. S. , Skutella Thomas
Published: March 2024

This study aims to characterize the proteome composition of organ-derived protein extracts from rabbits. Protein isolation was performed using soft homogenization and size exclusion via ultrafiltration. The proteome analysis of the ultrafiltrates was conducted using gel electrophoresis, and the mass spectrometry data were subjected to gene ontology analysis. Proteomic profiling revealed comprehensive protein profiles associated with RNA regulation, fatty acid binding, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and metabolism. Additionally, our results demonstrate the presence of abundant small proteins, as observed in the mass spectrometry datasets. Small proteins and peptides are crucial in transcription modulation and various biological processes. The protein networks identified in the ultrafiltrates have the potential to enhance and complement biological therapeutic interventions. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD050039.
The CD177 c.1291A Allele Leads to a Loss of Membrane Expression and Mimics a CD177-Null Phenotype
Authors: Traum Annalena , Jehle Stefanie , Waxmann Yannick , Litmeyer Anne-Sophie , Berghöfer Heike , Bein Gregor , Dammann Reinhard , Perniss Alexander , Burg-Roderfeld Monika , Sachs Ulrich J. , Bayat Behnaz
Published: March 2024

CD177 is a glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol (GPI)-linked, neutrophil-specific glycoprotein that in 3–5% of normal individuals is absent from all neutrophils. The molecular mechanism behind the absence of CD177 has not been unravelled completely. Here, we analyse the impact of the recently described CD177 c.1291G>A variant on CD177 expression. Recombinant CD177 c.1291G>A was expressed in HEK293F cells and its expression on the cell surface, inside the cell, and in the culture supernatant was investigated. The CD177 c.1291G>A protein was characterised serologically and its interaction with proteinase 3 (PR3) was demonstrated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Our experiments show that CD177 c.1291G>A does not interfere with CD177 protein biosynthesis but affects the membrane expression of CD177, leading to very low copy numbers of the protein on the cellular surface. The mutation does not interfere with the ability of the protein to bind PR3 or human polyclonal antibodies against wild-type CD177. Carriers of the c.1291G>A allele are supposed to be phenotyped as CD177-negative, but the protein is present in soluble form. The presence of CD177 c.1291A leads to the production of an unstable CD177 protein and an apparent “CD177-null” phenotype.
Clinical and Molecular Characterization of Nine Novel Antithrombin Mutations
Authors: Kállai Judit , Gindele Réka , Pénzes-Daku Krisztina , Balogh Gábor , Bogáti Réka , Bécsi Bálint , Katona Éva , Oláh Zsolt , Ilonczai Péter , Boda Zoltán , Róna-Tas Ágnes , Nemes László , Marton Imelda , Bereczky Zsuzsanna
Published: March 2024

Antithrombin (AT) is the major plasma inhibitor of thrombin (FIIa) and activated factor X (FXa), and antithrombin deficiency (ATD) is one of the most severe thrombophilic disorders. In this study, we identified nine novel AT mutations and investigated their genotype–phenotype correlations. Clinical and laboratory data from patients were collected, and the nine mutant AT proteins (p.Arg14Lys, p.Cys32Tyr, p.Arg78Gly, p.Met121Arg, p.Leu245Pro, p.Leu270Argfs*14, p.Asn450Ile, p.Gly456delins_Ala_Thr and p.Pro461Thr) were expressed in HEK293 cells; then, Western blotting, N-Glycosidase F digestion, and ELISA were used to detect wild-type and mutant AT. RT-qPCR was performed to determine the expression of AT mRNA from the transfected cells. Functional studies (AT activity in the presence and in the absence of heparin and heparin-binding studies with the surface plasmon resonance method) were carried out. Mutations were also investigated by in silico methods. Type I ATD caused by altered protein synthesis (p.Cys32Tyr, p.Leu270Argfs*14, p.Asn450Ile) or secretion disorder (p.Met121Arg, p.Leu245Pro, p.Gly456delins_Ala_Thr) was proved in six mutants, while type II heparin-binding-site ATD (p.Arg78Gly) and pleiotropic-effect ATD (p.Pro461Thr) were suggested in two mutants. Finally, the pathogenic role of p.Arg14Lys was equivocal. We provided evidence to understand the pathogenic nature of novel SERPINC1 mutations through in vitro expression studies.
Human Macrophages Activate Bystander Neutrophils’ Metabolism and Effector Functions When Challenged with Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Murphy Dearbhla M. , Walsh Anastasija , Stein Laura , Petrasca Andreea , Cox Donal J. , Brown Kevin , Duffin Emily , Jameson Gráinne , Connolly Sarah A. , O’Connell Fiona , O’Sullivan Jacintha , Basdeo Sharee A. , Keane Joseph , Phelan James J.
Published: March 2024

Neutrophils are dynamic cells, playing a critical role in pathogen clearance; however, neutrophil infiltration into the tissue can act as a double-edged sword. They are one of the primary sources of excessive inflammation during infection, which has been observed in many infectious diseases including pneumonia and active tuberculosis (TB). Neutrophil function is influenced by interactions with other immune cells within the inflammatory lung milieu; however, how these interactions affect neutrophil function is unclear. Our study examined the macrophage–neutrophil axis by assessing the effects of conditioned medium (MΦ-CM) from primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs) stimulated with LPS or a whole bacterium (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) on neutrophil function. Stimulated hMDM-derived MΦ-CM boosts neutrophil activation, heightening oxidative and glycolytic metabolism, but diminishes migratory potential. These neutrophils exhibit increased ROS production, elevated NET formation, and heightened CXCL8, IL-13, and IL-6 compared to untreated or unstimulated hMDM-treated neutrophils. Collectively, these data show that MΦ-CM from stimulated hMDMs activates neutrophils, bolsters their energetic profile, increase effector and inflammatory functions, and sequester them at sites of infection by decreasing their migratory capacity. These data may aid in the design of novel immunotherapies for severe pneumonia, active tuberculosis and other diseases driven by pathological inflammation mediated by the macrophage–neutrophil axis.
Olfactory Preferences of Sitophilus zeamais to Cereal- and Legume-Based Pasta
Authors: Trematerra Pasquale , Germinara Giacinto Salvatore , Colacci Marco
Published: March 2024

We compared the attractiveness of five commercially available Italian macaroni pastas of different shapes (penne, casarecce, and fusilli) made from cereals and/or legumes [100% Triticum durum; 100% Cicer arietinum; 100% Lens esculenta; 50% Triticum durum + 50% Cicer arietinum; 60% Triticum durum + 40% Lens esculenta] to adults of Sitophilus zeamais (L.). A multiple-choice walking bioassay showed that S. zeamais adults were more attracted to cereal than legume pastas. The modified Flit-Track M2 trap devices baited with pasta made with 100% T. durum captured an average of 61.4% of the adults released into the olfactometric arena after 7 days. Of the insects tested, pasta made with 100% C. arietinum trapped 3.8%, pasta made with 100% L. esculenta trapped 2.7%, pasta made with 50% T. durum + 50% C. arietinum trapped 4.3%, and pasta made with 60% T. durum + 40% L. esculenta trapped 4.2%. When individually compared, 79.6% of S. zeamais adults chose the Triticum durum pasta. Orientation to 100% Cicer pasta or 100% Lens pasta was not observed. In the choice test, only 37% and 25% were attracted to Triticum and Cicer pastas or Triticum and Lens pasta, respectively. Our results confirm that the low attractiveness of legume pasta is mainly due to the lack of attractant stimuli rather than the emission of repellent compounds. From a practical perspective, it is also interesting to note how mixed pasta decreases the risk of S. zeamais infestation.
Neuromuscular Anatomy and Motor Patterns at the Base of Calling Behaviour in the Female Spongy Moth Lymantria dispar
Authors: Solari Paolo , Sollai Giorgia , Crnjar Roberto
Published: March 2024

“Calling behaviour” is a stereotyped rhythmic motor pattern displayed by female moths, by which they emit the sex pheromone to attract of conspecific males. Calling occurs through a squeezing mechanism based on the turtleneck-like folding and unfolding of the ovipositor cuticle during its telescopic extensions and retractions. This mechanism is under the control of the terminal abdominal ganglion (TAG). By combining anatomical and electrophysiological approaches, here we studied the morpho-functional organisation of the abdominal muscles and the activity of motoneurons from TAG nerve N4-N6 as correlated to the ovipositor movements during calling in the female spongy moth Lymantria dispar. Our results show that the three abdominal segments S7, S8 and S9 (ovipositor) are highly specialized structures containing cuticular appendages, hinges, apodemes and several large muscles, innervated by N4 and especially by N5. N6 mainly innervates the oviductal tract. We also identified a number of motor units from N4 and N5, the spike activity of which is correlated with the ovipositor movements during calling. In conclusion, the release of sex pheromones in the female spongy moth is obtained by extensions and retractions of the ovipositor operated by a coordinated motor program, which is mainly sustained by the activity of a few motor units under the control of TAG nerves N4 and N5.
Analogies between HPV Behavior in Oral and Vaginal Cavity: Narrative Review on the Current Evidence in the Literature
Authors: Dellino Miriam , Pinto Grazia , D’Amato Antonio , Barbara Francesco , Di Gennaro Francesco , Saracino Annalisa , Laganà Antonio Simone , Vimercati Antonella , Malvasi Antonio , Malvasi Vito Maurizio , Cicinelli Ettore , Vitagliano Amerigo , Cascardi Eliano , Pinto Vincenzo
Published: March 2024

Human genital papilloma virus infection is the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection in the world. It is estimated that more than 75% of sexually active women contract this infection in their lifetime. In 80% of young women, there is the clearance of the virus within 18–24 months. In developed countries, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is now the most frequent human papilloma virus (HPV)-related cancer, having surpassed cervical cancer, and it is predicted that by 2030 most squamous cell carcinomas will be the HPV-related rather than non-HPV-related form. However, there are currently no screening programs for oral cavity infection. While the natural history of HPV infection in the cervix is well known, in the oropharynx, it is not entirely clear. Furthermore, the prevalence of HPV in the oropharynx is unknown. Published studies have found wide-ranging prevalence estimates of 2.6% to 50%. There are also conflicting results regarding the percentage of women presenting the same type of HPV at two mucosal sites, ranging from 0 to 60%. Additionally, the question arises as to whether oral infection can develop from genital HPV infection, through oral and genital contact or by self-inoculation, or whether it should be considered an independent event. However, there is still no consensus on these topics, nor on the relationship between genital and oral HPV infections. Therefore, this literature review aims to evaluate whether there is evidence of a connection between oral and cervical HPV, while also endorsing the usefulness of the screening of oral infection in patients with high-risk cervical HPV as a means of facilitating the diagnosis and early management of HPV-related oral lesions. Finally, this review emphasizes the recommendation for the use of the HPV vaccines in primary prevention in the male and female population as the most effective means of successfully counteracting the increasing incidence of OSCC to date.
Changes in the Visual Field Test after Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty in Advanced Glaucoma
Authors: Toyokawa Noriko , Araki-Sasaki Kaoru , Kimura Hideya , Kuroda Shinichiro
Published: March 2024

Background: To evaluate changes in the visual field (VF) after Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) in eyes with advanced glaucoma and previous trabeculectomy. Methods: Changes in VF, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and number of glaucoma medications were analyzed before and after DSAEK in 19 eyes. The VFs were evaluated using the 10-2 program of the Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA) and/or Goldmann perimetry (GP). Results: In nine eyes, the MD improved from −22.24 ± 6.5 dB to −18.36 ± 5.1 dB in HFA. In five out of nine eyes, postoperative MD improved >1 dB compared to preoperative MD. In GP testing, 10 out of 15 eyes showed an improvement, that is, greater than 20° in VF enlargement by the isopter of I-4e and/or new detection of a smaller or darker isopter. Overall, improvement in VF with the HFA and/or GP test was observed in 12/19 (63.2%) eyes after DSAEK. Postoperative BCVA improved by more than two lines in logMAR VA in 18 of 19 (94.7%) eyes. There were no significant differences between the preoperative and postoperative IOP and the number of glaucoma medications. Conclusions: DSAEK may produce subjective improvement in the visual field as well as improved visual acuity, even in advanced glaucomatous eyes.
Advanced Insights into Human Uterine Innervation: Implications for Endometriosis and Pelvic Pain
Authors: Astruc Audrey , Roux Léa , Robin Fabien , Sall Ndeye Racky , Dion Ludivine , Lavoué Vincent , Legendre Guillaume , Leveque Jean , Bessede Thomas , Bertrand Martin , Odimba Mpoy Jules , Nzau-Ngoma Emmanuel , Morandi Xavier , Chedotal Alain , Le Lous Maela , Nyangoh Timoh Krystel
Published: March 2024

(1) Background: Understanding uterine innervation, an essential aspect of female reproductive biology, has often been overlooked. Nevertheless, the complex architecture of uterine innervation plays a significant role in conditions such as endometriosis. Recently, advances in histological techniques have provided unprecedented details about uterine innervation, highlighting its intricate structure, distribution, and density. The intricate nature of uterine innervation and its influence on pathologies such as endometriosis has garnered increasing attention. (2) Objectives: This review aims to compile, analyze, and summarize the existing research on uterine innervation, and investigate its implications for the pathogenesis of endometriosis and associated pain. (3) Methods: A systematic review was conducted in line with PRISMA guidelines. Using the PubMed database, we searched relevant keywords such as “uterine innervation”, “endometriosis”, and “pain association”. (4) Results: The initial literature search yielded a total of 3300 potential studies. Of these, 45 studies met our inclusion criteria and were included in the final review. The analyzed studies consistently demonstrated that the majority of studies focused on macroscopic dissection of uterine innervation for surgical purposes. Fewer studies focused on micro-innervation for uterine innervation. For endometriosis, few studies focused on neural pain pathways whereas many studies underlined an increase in nerve fiber density within ectopic endometrial tissue. This heightened innervation is suggested as a key contributor to the chronic pain experienced by endometriosis patients. (5) Conclusions: The understanding of uterine innervation, and its alterations in endometriosis, offer promising avenues for research and potential treatment.
Neurocognitive Changes in Patients with Post-COVID Depression
Authors: Khodanovich Marina , Naumova Anna , Kamaeva Daria , Obukhovskaya Victoria , Vasilieva Svetlana , Schastnyy Evgeny , Kataeva Nadezhda , Levina Anastasia , Kudabaeva Marina , Pashkevich Valentina , Moshkina Marina , Tumentceva Yana , Svetlik Mikhail
Published: March 2024

Background: Depression and cognitive impairment are recognized complications of COVID-19. This study aimed to assess cognitive performance in clinically diagnosed post-COVID depression (PCD, n = 25) patients using neuropsychological testing. Methods: The study involved 71 post-COVID patients with matched control groups: recovered COVID-19 individuals without complications (n = 18) and individuals without prior COVID-19 history (n = 19). A post-COVID depression group (PCD, n = 25) was identified based on psychiatric diagnosis, and a comparison group (noPCD, n = 46) included participants with neurological COVID-19 complications, excluding clinical depression. Results: The PCD patients showed gender-dependent significant cognitive impairment in the MoCA, Word Memory Test (WMT), Stroop task (SCWT), and Trail Making Test (TMT) compared to the controls and noPCD patients. Men with PCD showed worse performances on the SCWT, in MoCA attention score, and on the WMT (immediate and delayed word recall), while women with PCD showed a decline in MoCA total score, an increased processing time with less errors on the TMT, and worse immediate recall. No differences between groups in Sniffin’s stick test were found. Conclusions: COVID-related direct (post-COVID symptoms) and depression-mediated (depression itself, male sex, and severity of COVID-19) predictors of decline in memory and information processing speed were identified. Our findings may help to personalize the treatment of depression, taking a patient’s gender and severity of previous COVID-19 disease into account.
Short- and Mid-Term Outcomes of Early Alcohol Septal Ablation Therapy for Patients with Mildly Symptomatic Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy: A Tertiary Center Experience
Authors: Oktay Veysel , Arslan Sukru , Gecit Muhammed Heja , Bulat Zubeyir , Gokce Mehmet Emin
Published: March 2024

Background: Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) impairs survival and diminishes quality of life in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). In this study, we aimed to investigate the safety and the efficacy of earlier alcohol septal ablation (ASA) in patients with HOCM. Methods: A total of 47 patients with mildly symptomatic HOCM (NYHA II) and having poor functional capacity despite maximal tolerated medical therapy were included. Results: The mean age of the patients was 55 ± 14, and 57% of the patients were male. All clinical endpoint targets including 30 d mortality (1% vs. 0% p < 0.01), 30 d adverse complications (10% vs. 0% p < 0.01), 30 d complete heart block resulting in need for permanent pacemaker (10% vs. 4.2% p < 0.01), more than moderate residual mitral regurgitation (5% vs. 2.1% p < 0.01), repeat procedure rate (10% vs. 4.2% p < 0.01), improvement of (NYHA) class (90% vs. 95.7% p < 0.01), rest and provoked (LVOT) gradient < 50 mmHg (90% vs. 97.8% p < 0.01) were significantly reached. Conclusions: In patients with mildly symptomatic HOCM (NYHA II), earlier ASA may be performed as an effective and safe procedure in experienced centers.