bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Piaget's Theory in Mathematics Education in Elementary School
Authors: Sampel Korompis Ferry Laurens
Published: June 2023

Since the passing of Law No. 2 of 1989, the landscape of education in Indonesia should be distinguished by the consistency of its system, thus by a series of adjustments. Some possible adjustments to the primary school curriculum to the high school level include (1) imbalances in the effective learning offered. This is supported by the fact that, since the implementation of the national exam (in elementary schools), the field of mathematics studies has one of the lowest average values among national exam subjects. (2) The ongoing curriculum's requirements not fit with students intellectual development. This study will employ theory of learning based on Piaget's intellectual development from a variety of learning theories based on cognitive theory. According to Piaget's hypothesis, a child's development progresses over the course of 4 sequential phases, consisting :(1) Sensory motor period (ages 0 to 2 years), (2) per-operational period (ages 2 to 7 years), (3) concrete operational period (ages 7 to 11 years), and (4) formal operational period (ages 11 and onwards).The purpose of this research is to determine the level of effectiveness in teaching geometry unit math based on the conservation aspects of Piaget's theory. These goals can be summarized as follows: 1) Determining the amount of efficacy in teaching geometry unit math using Piaget's theory's conservation components;2) Identifying differences in the influence of age (9, 10, and 11) on receiving geometry unit math teachings based on the conservative aspects of Piaget's theory. To accomplish the study's objectives, the research utilized a per-experimental research design, particularly a pre-test-post-test design with one group. The results indicated that the learning accomplishment of geometry unit math based on the conservation aspects of Piaget's theory did not vary by age (9, 10, or 11 years). The study's findings indicate that there is no interaction effect between the ages of 9 and 10 on math learning achievement, (2.2) that there is no interaction effect between the ages of 9 and 11 on math learning achievement, (2.3) there is no interaction effect between the ages of 10 and 11 on math learning achievement, and (2.4) that there is no interaction effect between the ages of 9 and 10 on math learning achievement.

Keywords: Mathematics, elementary school.
The Effect of Talent Management, Performance Allowances, and Self Awareness on the Performance of Employees at the Regional Office of the National Land Agency in North Sumatera Province with Employee Well-Being as an Intervening Variable
Authors: M. Br Ginting Holentaria , F. Dalimunthe Ritha , Siahaan Elisabet
Published: June 2023

This study aims to examine the influence of talent management, performance allowances, and self-awareness on the performance of employees at the Regional Office of the National Land Agency in North Sumatera Province through employee well-being. This study used a quantitative and descriptive research design. The population of this study consists of employees working at the Regional Office of the National Land Agency in North Sumatera Province, with a sample size of 114 employees. The data analysis technique used was structural equation modeling (SEM) with Smart PLS version 4.0 as the analysis tool. The results of the study indicate that: (1) talent management has a positive but insignificant effect on employee well-being; (2) talent management has a positive and significant effect on employee performance; (3) performance allowances have a positive and significant effect on employee well-being; (4) performance allowances have a positive and significant effect on employee performance; (5) self-awareness has a positive and significant effect on employee well-being; (6) self-awareness has a positive and significant effect on employee performance; and (7) employee well-being has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Furthermore, the results also reveal that (8) talent management has a positive but insignificant effect on employee performance through employee well-being as an intervening variable, (9) performance allowances have a positive and significant effect on employee performance through employee well-being as an intervening variable, and (10) self-awareness has a positive and significant effect on employee performance through employee well-being as an intervening variable.

Keywords: Talent management, performance allowances, self-awareness, employee well-being, and employee performance.
Analysis of School Readiness in Organizing Inclusive Education
Authors: Zuraidah Niken , Haryani Sri , . Sunarto
Published: June 2023

Every child has the same education and it is guaranteed by law. Children with special needs also want to go to a regular school where they gather with normal students. Inclusive education is one of the solutions to conduct education with these mixed students. The results showed that the school's readiness to carry out inclusive education at SDN 2 Weru Kidul, Cirebon Regency, was good. The curriculum has been prepared, the teaching staff has been trained and adequate, the school facilities and infrastructure have met the existing standards. The obstacle faced is the provision of supporting facilities, especially those related to the needs of children with disabilities, which still need updating. This is because the education budget is relatively insufficient to meet all the needs of these facilities and infrastructure.

Keywords: Inclusive Education, Children with Disabilities, School Readinesss
A Study of Visual Improvement and Variation in IOP Following Nd-YAG Laser Capsulotomy
Authors: V Sangavi , S Manavalan , V Sridevi
Published: June 2023

AIM: To study the visual improvement and to correlate the effect of energy used and number of shots with post procedural IOP spike following Nd-YAG laser capsulotomy cases.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 36 patients presented with pseudophakia with PCO attending ophthalmology outpaient department at Rajah Muthiah medical college hospital during the period of October 2020 - December 2022 were included in the study. Patients with glaucoma, Uveitis, high myopia, posterior segment disorders will be excluded from the study. The patient will be subjected to visual acuity testing, detailed slit lamp examination, IOP measurement using Non-contact tonometer pre and post laser procedure and detailed fundus examination done and results were interpreted.
OBSERVATION: Among the total 36 participants, 31.4% belong to age group 56 to 65 years followed by 28.6% in the age group 66 to 75 years. 51.4% were males and 48.6% were females. Of the total participants 28.6% had visual acuity of 6/24 in the affected eye and 22.9% had visual acuity of 6/36 in the affected eye.one subject presented with visual acuity of hand movements (HM) only in the involved eye.The mean pre-operative intraocular pressure among the participants was 1.85±0.73. 45.7% had preoperative IOP of 13 to 16 mmHg and 34.3% had preoperative IOP of 8 to 12. The mean number of YAG shots among the participants was 1.96±0.81. 36.3% were provided with 5 to 8 YAG shots and 33.3% with 2 to 4.The mean IOP among the participants in the preop was 14.03±2.92. The mean IOP immediately after the intervention was 15.29±2.83.The mean IOP 20 mins after the intervention was 17.43±2.96.Our study shows that the change in mean IOP after ND YAG LASER administration was significant with P value of less than 0.05 and also our study shows improvement in post laser BCVA with significant P values
CONCLUSION: The study concluded that all patients had good visual recovery. The post laser IOP raise is minimal and transient. It varies with amount of laser energy used. Hence recommended to use minimum possible laser energy and must be followed up for raised intraocular pressure changes.

Keywords: Intraocular pressure, Neodymium: Yttrium Aluminium GARNET Capsulotomy.
Encapsulated Papillary Carcinoma of The Breast: A Case Report of Rare Male Breast Cancer Clinically Presented as Soft Tissue Tumor
Authors: S Abinaya , Priyya D Mohana , AR Anjanaa
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND: Male breast cancer is a rare condition, accounting for less than 1% of all breast cancers, and infiltrating ductal carcinoma is the most common type. However, Encapsulated Papillary Carcinoma (EPC) in males is a rare type of breast cancer, and the exact etiology is unknown.
CASE REPORT: A 66-year-old male presented with a 15x10 cm mobile swelling over the left side of the anterior chest wall, which was clinically and radiologically diagnosed as a soft tissue tumor. Wide local excision of the swelling of the anterior chest wall was performed. Grossly, it was an encapsulated tumor with solid and cystic areas filled with gelatinous material, papillary excrescences, hemorrhage, and necrosis. Microscopic examination revealed Grade 2 encapsulated papillary carcinoma of the left breast.
CONCLUSION: This case report highlights the importance of considering male breast cancer as a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with anterior chest wall soft tissue swelling.

Keywords: Male breast cancer, encapsulated papillary carcinoma, anterior chest wall swelling.
Association of Serum Lipid Profile with Diabetic Retinopathy in a Tertiary Care Center in Tamilnadu, India
Authors: S Sreevibya. , V Sridevi. , M Nithya.
Published: June 2023

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered to be a pandemic which impose a significant financial burden on developing nations in terms of resource management. As per the International Diabetes Federation 10th edition, the global prevalence in 2021 is 536.6 million, which is projected to increase to 783.2 million by 2045. The prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy and its risk factors have generally received minimal attention, and eye screening compliance is often low. In order to further research and gain a better knowledge of the risk variables, this study is being done.
Methods: The present study was cross sectional descriptive conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, at a tertiary care centre in South India for 24 months. All patients who were diagnosed with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in the study while patients with cataract or retinopathy due to other pathologies were excluded. A recent lipid profile values of the participants were assessed. Their fundus was viewed and analyzed.
Results: A total of 84 diabetic patients were included. Diabetic retinopathy, irrespective of the type, was found in 83 patients with a prevalence of 98.8%. Majority of the patients fell under the category moderate NPDR in our study. Among the lipid parameters, most of the cases have deranged triglyceride values of more than 150mg/dl. The association between the serum triglycerides and the severity of diabetic retinopathy as well as the association between the serum total cholesterol and the HbA1c was found statistically significant.
Conclusion: The results of the current study clearly highlight the statistical association between the various lipid profile parameters and diabetic retinopathy. It enlightens the importance of proper lipid control in diabetic patients which in turn reduces the severity of diabetic retinopathy.

Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Diabetic retinopathy, Blindness, Lipid, Triglycerides
A influência do programa PIBID/CAPES no rendimento escolar da disciplina de matemática das escolas de Sumé-PB.
Authors:   , de Sousa Costa Danilo
Published: June 2023

Com a crescente ampliação das universidades no Brasil, a acessibilidade ao ensino superior tem sido meta de muitos estudantes da educação básica. Cada vez mais estudantes são favorecidos com a proximidade de uma instituição de educação de nível superior. Com esta difusão do ensino superior a relação universidade – sociedade é favorecida em uma das formas através de ações desenvolvidas com graduandos que atuam diretamente na sociedade, seja com disciplinas específicas como as de estágio supervisionado, ou através de projetos criados que envolvam a sociedade nos seus diversos setores (educacional, cultural, público, etc.). Nos projetos desenvolvidos pelas universidades o graduando tem oportunidade de, dependendo do tipo de projeto que se engaje, vivenciar sua futura prática, ter experiências com outra área que não seja a de sua atuação entre outras, e isso acarreta num profissional mais certo de seus objetivos e com uma visão um pouco mais ampla em relação aqueles que não passaram pela experiência prática possibilitada pelos projetos. Com as diversas áreas de atuação de um projeto de intervenção social, focamos a área da educação, tendo em vista nossa formação em um curso de licenciatura. Com a implementação de um projeto que visa favorecer a educação com suas ações, temos a necessidade de observar os resultados obtidos com a implementação deste. Para tanto, observamos a influência do Programa Institucional de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) um dos programas financiados pela CAPES – Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, no processo de aprendizagem dos estudantes, os quais encontram-se em vigência em escolas públicas da cidade de Sumé- PB. Trata-se de uma pesquisa na qual fará referência às médias bimestrais obtidas pelos estudantes.
O Ensino de geografia na escola do campo: o caso da Escola Municipal de Educação Infantil e Ensino Fundamental Rodolfo Santa Cruz - Sumé - PB.
Authors:   , de Lourdes Maria
Published: June 2023

A pesquisa tem como objetivo Identificar as práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas no ensino de Geografia na Escola Municipal de Educação Infantil e Ensino Fundamental Rodolfo Santa Cruz – Sumé – PB. Foram utilizados os pressupostos da pesquisa qualitativa, através do estudo de caso. No primeiro momento, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica de livros e artigos na biblioteca do CDSA - UFCG, como também em sites dos seguintes temas: ensino de geografia, ensino de geografia nos anos iniciais e educação do campo. No segundo momento foi realizada a pesquisa de campo, através das seguintes técnicas de pesquisa: a entrevista, a observação e a aplicação de questionários. A seção terceira titulada “O Ensino de Geografia na Escola do Campo”, nesta seção analisou-se o estudo da ciência geográfica com base nas concepções dos alunos e mostramos como é desenvolvido o ensino de geografia, através da organização pedagógica do ensino de geografia realizada pelos professores abrangendo as seguintes dimensões: conteúdos, objetivos, conceitos geográficos, metodologia, recursos didáticos e avaliação. No decorrer da pesquisa identificamos que o ensino da geografia passou por mudanças significativas nos últimos anos. Mas na escola do campo (pesquisada) não há um acompanhamento dessas mudanças no tocante ao ensino da disciplina. São muitos os fatores que impedem o professor do ensino fundamental de utilizar-se das dinâmicas que o espaço geográfico oferece. Para se fazer um trabalho voltado especificamente para a área de geografia é preciso que o professor seja dinâmico, tenha um bom planejamento para ensinar os conteúdos e os conceitos de geografia, tenha contato com os recursos ambientais, entre outros, e se utilize dos recursos existentes no espaço escolar e geográfico.
Planejamento de ensino : melhoria para a prática pedagógica da escola do campo.
Authors:   , Renaly Maciel Franciely
Published: June 2023

Apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa de campo referenciada em pressupostos teóricos relacionados ao planejamento de ensino, tendo objetivo de estudo as contribuições deste para a prática pedagógica em classes multisseriadas na escola do campo Mariano Gonçalves, situada no município de Sumé/PB. Nesta perspectiva o trabalho fundamenta-se em Campos (2010), Libâneo (2008), Gandin (2005), entre outros. A análise se baseia em coletas de dados presenciais, observações dos planejamentos de ensino, e observações da prática pedagógica em sala de aula,bem como a entrevista com a professora, entre outros métodos e técnicas que deram suporte para realização da pesquisa. Foi constatada a falta de estrutura da escola, os desafios que a professora enfrenta na prática pedagógica para suprir as necessidades dos alunos, e a importância de se trabalhar com eixo temático de educação contextualizada. A pesquisa possibilitou experiências e conhecimentos acerca do planejamento de ensino e sua importância enquanto instrumento facilitador do trabalho pedagógico.
Aprender jogando: o lúdico no ensino de biologia.
Authors:   , Lima de Melo Claudia
Published: June 2023

Este trabalho é o resultado da pesquisa realizada na Escola Estadual de Ensino Fundamental e Médio Professor José Gonçalves de Queiroz, Município de Sumé-Paraíba na disciplina de Biologia nas turmas do 2º Ano. O objetivo principal foi construir um jogo didático, aplicá-lo no ensino de biologia e verificar se este recurso facilita na compreensão dos conceitos biológicos, facilitando a aprendizagem. Foi empregado o método exploratório experimental, utilizando de pesquisa de campo e referenciais teóricos. A coleta dos dados foi através da observação, aplicação de jogo “microcaminho”- vírus e questionário. Sua abordagem é qualitativa / quantitativa por apresentar argumentos construtivistas não apenas em torno de números, mas também de análises dos momentos vivenciados relevantes do problema que se vale de informações fundamentais para a pesquisa. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram os alunos de duas turmas do 2º Ano, da Escola Estadual de Ensino Médio do Município de Sumé- PB, em que uma turma teve aula do conteúdo e aplicação do questionário enquanto a outra teve a aula, aplicação do jogo e questionário. A pesquisa buscou identificar através do jogo didático com conteúdo de vírus, se á sua aplicação seria propícia para facilitar a construção do conhecimento e de habilidades. Com a utilização do jogo didático e questionário foi possível analisar as dificuldades e possibilidades para os alunos compreender os conceitos biológicos. E os fatores que ocasionam para que este instrumento não seja utilizado dentro do espaço escolar. Os resultados mostraram que a turma onde foi aplicado obteve um melhor desempenho na avaliação.
ANALISA PERHITUNGAN SISTEM PLUMBING PENYEDIAAN AIR BERSIH PADA GEDUNG BERTINGKAT 3
Authors: Rivaldi Muhammad
Published: June 2023

Plumbing systems can be defined as practices, materials and equipment used in installing, maintaining, and changing piping, fittings, equipment, associated with sanitation or drainage facilities. Then also ventilation systems, and public or private water supply systems. This system can be an inseparable part in building construction. The plumbing system for providing clean water in this building includes a clean water supply system, clean water installation, analysis of the calculation of clean water needs which includes the estimated number of occupants, the use of clean water in a day and knowing how much clean water do you use?The results of this calculation are the total need for clean water is 139.6 [m³/day]., The total unit load for plumbing equipment for this entire building is 45 pieces, the total peak water usage for the building as a whole is 31.41 [liter/minute] ., The total peak water usage for the building as a whole is 31.41 [liter/minute].Keywords: Clean Water, Pipelines, Pump Power.AbstrakSistem perpipaan dapat didefinisikan sebagai praktik, bahan, dan peralatan yang digunakan dalam pemasangan, pemeliharaan, dan modifikasi perpipaan, perlengkapan, dan peralatan yang terkait dengan pemipaan atau drainase. Kemudian sistem ventilasi dan sistem pasokan air publik atau swasta. Sistem ini dapat menjadi bagian integral dari konstruksi bangunan. Sistem perpipaan untuk menyediakan air bersih pada gedung ini meliputi sistem penyediaan air minum, fasilitas air bersih dan perkiraan jumlah kebutuhan air bersih. Tahukah Anda berapa banyak air bersih yang Anda gunakan? dan berapa banyak air bersih yang Anda gunakan dalam sehari?Dari perhitungan tersebut, total kebutuhan air bersih adalah 139,6 [m³/hari]. Total beban unit fasilitas sanitasi di gedung ini adalah 45 unit, dan total konsumsi air puncak seluruh gedung adalah 31,41 [m³/hari]. liter/menit] Total konsumsi air puncak untuk seluruh bangunan adalah 31,41 [liter/menit].Kata Kunci: Air Bersih , Jaringan Pipa , Daya Pompa.
ETIOLOGICAL BACTERIAL SPECTRUM OF PATIENTS WITH ODONTOGENIC AND NON-ODONTOGENIC ABSCESSES AND PHLEGMONS IN THE MAXILLOFACIAL AREA
Authors:   Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital ", Yankov Yanko ,   Sveta Marina",   , Medical University - Varna, Bulgaria.
Published: June 2023

Background: Clarifying the bacterial causes of inflammatory diseases has a major role in the treatment of this type of pathology. Materials and methods: In a retrospective study of 138 adult patients with abscesses and phlegmons of the head and neck, hospitalized and operated on urgently in the Clinic for Maxillofacial Surgery at University Multispecialty Hospital for Active Treatment "Sveta Marina" EAD – city of Varna, Bulgaria. Depending on their origin, the patients were divided into two groups - with odontogenic and non-odontogenic abscesses. Results: The study group consists of 73 men (52.9%) and 65 women (47.1%) with a mean age of 43 (18-84) years. The mixed resident microflora, including more than one bacterial species, is isolated in the largest number of cultures – 64.2%. The total number of cultures with Gram-positive bacteria isolated in the samples of the studied 92 patients with isolates is 20,33%. Representatives of Gram-negative bacteria are isolated in 7.49% of all. Obligate anaerobes are found in 2.14% of the isolates. Microorganism fungi are encountered in 3.21% of the crops. In patients with phlegmons of odontogenic origin the ratio between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria is 3:1. In phlegmons of non-odontogenic origin, they are entirely of the Gram-negative spectrum. Conclusion: Microorganisms are not isolated in a third of the examined patients, which are most likely long errors in taking material for microbiological examination or in its improper storage and transportation. Of the other crops, the share of resident microorganisms as opportunistic pathogens is the largest. Of the conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, Gram-positive ones predominate.
Evaluation of Conducting Properties of Biopolymer Electrolyte K-Carrageenan with The Effect of Three Different Ammonium Salts
Authors: Nithya Manikam
Published: June 2023

In the present work kappa-carrageenan (KC) with different ammonium salts NH4Cl, NH4Br, and NH4I membrane were successfully synthesized by the solution casting technique. The prepared eco-friendly membrane is subjected to ionic conductivity study, XRD study, transference number studies, and then it’s compared. The ionic conductivity value for KC with 200 mg NH4Cl is 1.81× 10-4 S/cm, KC with 300 mg NH4Br is 2.80× 10-3 S/cm, KC with 400 mg NH4I is 5.88× 10-5 S/cm. Among all the three, combinations the KC with 300 mg NH4Br gives high ionic conductivity. From the X-Ray Diffraction pattern, KC-NH4Cl incorporation greatly enriched the amorphous region. All the three membranes transference numbers are very close to unity. Among all the three combinations, KC with 300 mg NH4Br is the best combination for the application of fuel cell battery.
Optimization of the Effects of Binary Hybrid Nanofluid Synthesis Parameters on the Thermal and Hydraulic Characteristics
Authors: Keklikcioglu Orhan , Ozceyhan Veysel
Published: June 2023

Due to the growing interest in hybrid nanofluids, researchers have been primarily focused to obtain the thermophysical properties of hybrid nanofluids. Several parameters such as temperature, volume or weight fractions, nanoparticle types and shapes affected the thermophysical properties of nanofluids. Accordingly, the optimization in thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluids obtained by mixing binary nanocomposite particles GnP-Fe3O4 in an ethylene glycol-water base fluid with a mixing ratio of 20-80 % was investigated in this study. The Taguchi approach is used for single-objective optimization and the significance values of the synthesis parameters were determined using the ANOVA technique. Five different factors, including mechanical strring time, ultrasonic mixing time and power, surfactant mixing ratio, and nanofluid weight ratio, were optimized at three different levels during the synthesis of hybrid nanofluids. The experimental L27(35) orthogonal array trial was built in order to carry out the optimization. According to the results, mechanical striring time was found to have the least impact on both thermophysical parameters, whereas ultrasonic mixing power, nanofluid weight ratio, and ultrasonic mixing time were also ranked from low to high impact. The usage of surfactant was shown to be the parameter that had the greatest impact, with rates of 63.57% and 65.31%, on thermal conductivity and viscosity, respectively.
Studies of the Families Cleonymidae, Coelocybidae, Epichrysomallidae, Eunotidae, Heydeniidae, Megastigmidae, Neanastatidae, Pirenidae, Spalangiidae and Systasidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)
Authors: Carlos Henrique Marchiori
Published: June 2023

The family Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) is reviewed with the goal of providing nomenclatural changes and morphological diagnoses in preparation for a new molecular phylogeny and a book on world fauna that will contain keys to identification. Most subfamilies and some tribes of Pteromalidae are elevated to the family level or transferred elsewhere in the superfamily. The resulting classification is a compromise, with the aim of preserving the validity and diagnosability of other, well-established families of Chalcidoidea and forming the following families: Cleonymidae, Coelocybidae, Epichrysomallidae, Eunotidae, Heydeniidae, Megastigmidae, Neanastatidae, Pirenidae, Spalangiidae and Systasidae. From the methodological point of view, the research was conducted through the adoption of bibliometric approaches and content analysis. Bibliometrics is guided by the principle of analyzing scientific or technical activity through quantitative studies of publications, that is, through this approach that used databases, articles were published from 1979 to 2022 in indexed scientific research, scientific chapters of books, banks of theses, university dissertations, national and international scientific articles, scientific magazines, documents and even in general magazines when considered of interest. The main terms used were: Hymenoptera Parasitic, parasitoid, hosts and microhymenoptera.
Comparison of Intra-lesional Methotrexate and Intra-lesional Triamcinolone Acteonid in the treatment of Localized Alopecia Areata
Authors: Rafique Saira , Hassan Tahir , Shahzad Muhammad Khurram , Aliya Naima , Rafique Sumaira , Rafique Sarwar
Published: June 2023

Background: One of the common reasons of non-scarring, patchy or confluent hair loss that can affect any part of the body, but most frequently the scalp, is alopecia areata. Alopecia areata (AA) has a variety of therapy options, but it is still a difficult condition with varied severity, recurrence, and a significant cosmetic problem. Aim: To compare the effects of intralesional triamcinolone acetate and intralesional metatrexate in the treatment of localized alopecia areata in patients at the dermatology department. Study design: Comparative clinical study. Methodology: The dermatology division of Sheikh Zayed Hospital Rahim Yar Khan conducted the current study. The current study included 128 participants. Each chosen group included 64 patients. The sample size was calculated assuming a research power of 80%, a confidence level of 95%, and an efficacy of 60.0% for methotrexate and 80.0% for triamcinolone. Using a 30-gauge needle connected to an insulin syringe, both groups will get intralesional injections in patches with alopecia areata three weeks apart for a maximum of four sessions. A follow-up will be conducted a year following the end of the treatment. The analysis of the data was done using SPSS 23. Chi-square/exact Fisher's tests were performed to examine the gender distribution, results, respondents, and recurrence rate between the two groups with a p-value of less than 0.05. Results: Patients in group A had an average age of 29.2 +/-3.8 years, whereas those in group B had an average age of 30.0 +/-2.1 years. There was no discernible difference in the mean age of the patients between the two groups, according to an independent sample t test (p = 0.178). The gender distribution between the two groups is not significantly different, according to the p-value of 0.857. The p-value of 0.115 shows that there was no discernible difference in the two groups' rates of remission. The p-value of 0.188 shows that the two groups' recurrence rates did not differ significantly from one another. Practical Implication: This study helped researchers investigate the efficacy of intra-lesional triamcinolone acetonide as a treatment for localized alopecia areata due to its accessibility and safety. Second, it added to the corpus of information in the field regarding alternative, successful treatment options that are comparable. Conclusion: It was determined that there was no statistically significant difference between the outcomes for the Triamcinolone group and the Methotrexate group. Keywords: Alopecia Areata, Efficacy, Intralesional Methotrexate, Triamcinolone Acetonide and Clinical Outcomes.
KİTAP İNCELEMESİ: DÜNYANIN TEKDÜZELEŞMESİ MÜPHEMLİK VE ÇEŞİTLİLİK KAYBI ÜZERİNE
Authors: KOTAN Cem
Published: June 2023

Bauer’in temel tezi; yaşadığımız dünyanın din, sanat, siyaset ve doğa gibi birçok alanda var olan müphemliğini, çeşitliliğini ya da çokanlamlılığını gittikçe kaybettiği, bunun sonucunda da insanlık olarak tekdüzeliğin, tek anlamlılığın ve kayıtsızlığın yaygınlaştığı hoşgörüden uzak bir ortama mahkûm olduğumuzdur. Kitabın Türkçe çevirisi, Tahsin Görgün’ün takdimi ile başlamaktadır. Görgün burada kitabın genel tezi etrafında kısa bir tanıtımını yaptıktan sonra, Bauer’in hakikat kavramını ele alış biçimine, İslam’ın hakikat anlayışı etrafında genel bir eleştiri getirmektedir. Takdimden sonra kitabın on bölümden oluşan ana başlıklarına geçilmektedir. Bu başlıklarda Bauer; “çeşitlilik”, “tekdüzelik”, “müphemlik”, “fundamentalizm”, “kayıtsızlık”, “otantiklik”, “özdeşlik” gibi bir dizi kavramı kültür, din, sanat ve politika ile ilişkilendirerek ele almaktadır. Aşağıda söz konusu kavramlar ve ilişkiler üzerinden kitabın genel bir değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır.
Community Water Governance In Lower Thiba Sub-Catchment, Kenya
Authors: Wangechi Sarah Wagatwe , M'IKiugu Mutembei Henry , Kironchi Geoffrey Kironchi
Published: June 2023

Effective water governance ought to involve the manner in which allocative and regulatory politics are exercised in the management of water resource, and should embrace the formal and informal institutions by which authority is exercised. In Lower Thiba Sub-catchment of Kenya, slightly over 70% of the population in the area depend on water for irrigation purposes. This study explored how the existing legal instruments and institutions affect water governance in the area. Data was collected from 361 respondents using questionnaires, 9 key informant interviews, 5 focus group discussions, as well as direct observations. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Software. The results showed that 87% (P≤0.05) of the respondents were aware that they need to protect water resources, though only 50% reported a supportive attitude. This can be explained by the fact that river water is accessible throughout the year to most farmers, hence the need to conserve water is not urgent. 76% of the respondents were aware of existing water sector government institutions and rules in existence. Awareness of the water sector laws was at 68% while compliance to the same was at 80% (P≤0.05). Low awareness level of the public at 65% and weak enforcement from the regulators (20%) were cited as major reasons for non- compliance to the existing water rules. Main enforcement agencies were the water committees at 50% (P≤0.05), formed from water users associations in the area. In all, 56% of the respondents felt that the existing legal and institutional frameworks governing water were effective. Only 51% were members of community water institutions, with WRUA having the highest membership of 44% across the sub-catchment. Based on the findings, the study concluded that there is need for strengthening community involvement in water governance, enhancing capacity building to the surrounding community, and enforcement of water conservation and management laws within the sub-catchment.
Investigation of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Usage in Kifri District (Iraq) by using NPI and WQI Indices
Authors: Abdulmutalib Raafat Sarhat  , Muhammad Mohsin  , Aram Hassan Mohammed
Published: June 2023

The present study was mainly proposed to investigate the quality of groundwater for drinking in Kifri District. The main aim of this study was to identify some pollutants of groundwater using two types of indexes which are: Nemerow’s pollution index (NPI) and Water quality index (WQI). The groundwater samples were collected from 36 stations (deep wells) and analyzed for seven physico-chemical parameters including EC, TDS, pH, TH, TA, Ca+2 andSO4-2; as well as, the results were compared to WHO standards. The results presented undesirable values for almost all physico-chemical parameters, according to WHO standard limits for drinking. Based on WQI, the results show that 33 stations out of 36 were classified under the ‘Poor Quality’ category. Also, most of the NPI values of EC, TDS, Ca+2, TH, TA, and SO4-2 concentrations were (>1) and exceeded the WHO standard. Thus, all the stations reported high values of WQI and NPI and all the groundwater samples belonged to polluted water.
Az önkéntes menedzsment megvalósulása a székelyföldi civil-nonprofit szervezeteknél, valamint a közintézményeknél
Authors: Silló Ágota
Published: June 2023

Az önkéntesek bevonzása és menedzselése nem egyszerű feladat a civil-nonprofit szervezetek számára. Az önkéntesek a humánerőforrás speciális kategóriáját képezik, így az ő irányításuk is egy speciális humán erőforrás menedzsmentet követel, amelyet önkéntes menedzsmentnek hív a szakirodalom. A terepmunka a székelyföldi Hargita megye területén zajlott 2021 április-júliusában civil-nonprofit szervezet, illetve önkormányzati és közintézmények vezetői körében. Összesen 33 intézmény vezetőjével sikerült felvenni a kapcsolatot. Kutatásom célja volt megvizsgálni, hogy az önkéntes programok során ezek a vezetők hogyan alkalmazzák az önkéntes menedzsmentet, illetve feltárni azokat a problémákat, amelyek akadályozzák a hatékony önkéntes együttműködéseket, valamint kiemelni a meglévő erősségeket a székelyföldi civil-nonprofit szervezetek, valamint állami és közintézmények esetében. Az eredmények azt tükrözik, hogy a székelyföldi önkéntesekkel együttműködő szervezetek és intézmények nem tervezik meg és dolgozzák ki előre az önkéntes programjaikat. Következésképpen nem érvényesül megtervezetten az önkéntes menedzsment szemléletmódja, de fragmentáltan jelen vannak különböző elemei: önkéntesek toborzásának folyamata, az önkéntesek bevezetése a szervezetbe, az önkéntesek motiválása, jutalmazása, illetve néhány esetben az önkéntes munka kiértékelése. Az önkéntes menedzsment szervezethez kapcsolható intézkedései, mint például az önkéntesség, mint érték felvállalása, az önkéntes program megtervezése, dokumentáció előkészítése, alkalmazottak felkészítése, önkéntes koordinátor alkalmazása, költségvetés elkülönítése az önkéntes programra, hiányoznak.
Aktív önkéntesek a felvidéki, az erdélyi, a vajdasági és a kárpátaljai 15-29 éves magyar fiatalok körében, 2020-ban
Authors: Morauszki András , Bartal Anna Mária
Published: June 2023

A határon túli magyar fiatalok önkéntességének mértékéről, az önkéntesek szociodemográfiai jellemzőiről eddig egyáltalán nem álltak rendelkezésre reprezentatív kutatási adatok. Tanulmányunk célja, hogy átfogó képet adjon a Magyar Ifjúság Kutatás 2020 reprezentatív adatbázisának felhasználásával azokról – a 15-29 éves, felvidéki, erdélyi, vajdasági, illetve kárpátaljai fiatalokról, és megkülönböztető jellemzőikről –, akik a felvételt megelőző évben önkéntesek voltak. Mivel a magyarországi elemzések – a különböző szociodemográfiai mutatók mentén – lényeges különbségeket találtak az aktív önkéntesek és egyes korcsoportjai között, ezért további célként a korcsoportok szerinti elemzést is végeztünk. Adataink szerint a határon túli magyar fiatalok körében mért aktív önkéntesek aránya jelentősen és pozitív irányban tért el az adott országok teljes népességében regisztrált adatoktól. Eredményeink szerint a négy határon túli régióban az aktív önkéntesek négy különböző típusa bontakozott ki. A felvidéki magyar fiatalok körében az aktív önkéntesek egy jól körülírható csoportot alkottak és az az általános tendencia, hogy az önkéntesek inkább a magasabb társadalmi és jobb anyagi helyzetűek közül kerülnek ki, egyértelműen érvényesült körükben. Ez alapján azt valószínűsítjük, hogy esetükben az önkéntesség a jobb társadalmi státusz velejárója. Hasonló állítások fogalmazhatóak meg – főként a jobb anyagi helyzet tekintetében – az erdélyi fiatal aktív önkéntesekkel kapcsolatosan is, akiknek többsége 15-18 éves volt. Kiemelendő a 24-29 éveseknél a szülői státusz erős befolyásoló hatása az aktív önkéntessé válásra. A vajdasági aktív önkéntesek a határon túli fiatalok egy másik különleges csoportját jelenítik meg, és eredményeink alapján azt valószínűsítjük, hogy az önkéntesség a társadalmi státusz-emelkedés egyik lehetőségét kínálja e fiatalok számára. A kárpátaljai fiatalok között az aktív önkéntesek ugyancsak egy „speciális” csoportot – a leginkább 15-18 éves, közép- és felsőoktatásban tanuló, vallásos, közép és felsőfokú végzettségű anyák gyermekeit – jelenítettek meg. A korcsoport szerinti elemzések azt mutatták, hogy az aktív önkéntesek bázisát a felvidéki és a vajdasági magyar fiatalok körében a 19-29 évesek, az erdélyiek és a kárpátaljaiak esetében pedig a 15-24 évesek adják. Eredményeinktől azt várjuk, hogy a határon túli civil és ifjúsági szervezetek számára is differenciáltan meg tudjuk mutatni, hogy milyen önkéntes-bázisra számíthatnak, megtartásukban milyen tényezőket kell figyelembe venniük, illetve mely korosztályokban vannak még potenciális lehetőségek a fiatalok önkéntességbe való bevonásának.
Prevalence of esophageal eosinophilia in patients referred for diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: Azizullah Azizullah , Shahzad Arslan , Shaukat Hina , Mahmood Rashad
Published: June 2023

Background and Aim: Esophageal eosinophilia such as gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) are associated with several conditions. Esophagus eosinophilic infiltration characterized the Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). The purpose of the present study was to determine the esophageal eosinophilia prevalence in patients underwent diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 96 male adult patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for unexplained upper GI symptoms in the department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology and Faculty of Medicine, DHQ Hospital Haripur KPK and Type-D Hospital Jamrud District Khyber  from June 2022 to November 2022. Patient age>16 years with upper GI symptoms such as nausea, upper abdominal pain, dysphagia, vomiting, and heart burn referred for upper GI endoscopy were enrolled. Individual’s history, demographic details, physical examination, clinical details, laboratory tests such as serum creatinine, CBC, upper GI endoscopy, differential leucocytic count, liver biochemical tests, biopsy, and biopsy staining for histopathological examination were recorded. Data analysis was done in SPSS version 27. Results: Of the total 96 patients, incidence of Esophageal eosinophilia (EE), EoE, and low-grade esophageal eosinophilia was 33.3% (n=32), 5.2% (n=5), and 29.2% (n=28) respectively.
Responding to a Potpourri of Objections To the Modal Argument
Authors: Moreland J.P.
Published: June 2023

I present and clarify one form of the modal argument for substance dualism, and go on to state and provide defeaters for five of the major arguments raised against the modal argument as a whole. I do not provide an unabridged defence of the modal argument. Instead, I focus on a range
of defeaters scattered throughout the literature that are raised against the modal argument. In my view, these have not been gathered in one place and freshly evaluated. Accordingly, my limited purpose is to fill this lacuna. Thus, I present a representative version of the modal argument to
set the context for what follows. Next, I clarify and critique the five major objections directed at the modal argument in general.
Mexican Indigenous Psychologies, Cosmovisons, and Altered States of Consciousness
Authors: Ciofalo Nuria
Published: June 2023

Indigenous psychologies are informed by their cosmogonies and cosmologies, philosophies, spirituality and religions, traditions and customs, and knowledge and praxis systems. This paper reviews some conceptions of consciousness, psyche, spirit, mental and physical health, relations
to all Earth Beings (human and nonhuman), ancestors, nature, and altered states of consciousness among the Nahua and Maya of Mexico. Colonization has threatened these rich legacies by imposing the conquerors' cosmologies. However, these Indigenous communities continue to use plants, mushrooms,
and some animals to generate altered states of consciousness, enacting sacred rituals and healing. The conclusion recommends learning from these knowledge and praxes systems and their related consciousness and spiritual states to expand the emergence of decolonial psychology that may offer
alternatives to address the challenges of our time.
Guna Concepts Of Consciousness, Soul, and Spirit
Authors: Mauri Mònica Martínez
Published: June 2023

Based on ethnographic evidence collected over the last two decades in Gunayala Comarca (autonomous territory), Panama, this article explores understandings of human consciousness from the perspective of the Guna people. After a brief account of the linguistic, historical, and political
context, it continues with a presentation of the notions of burba, niga, and gurgin, which are used to refer to notions of soul, spirit, and consciousness. After translating these words and describing their particularities, I show the extent to which these notions, with
roots in knowledge passed down from generation to generation, or revealed through dreams or visions, make it possible to understand the conception of the human being in relation with other non-human beings. Finally, the article seeks to open up a discussion with works produced over the last
few decades by philosophers, psychologists, and neurologists, and to respond from the Guna standpoint to some of the questions that have recently been raised in these fields.
Heart, Not Souls, Of Consciousness in Asabano Ethnopsychology
Authors: Lohmann Roger Ivar
Published: June 2023

Ethnic cultural conceptualizations of consciousness often posit souls or other spirits, but these do not always address consciousness itself. This article describes an autochthonous model of consciousness that was current among the Asabano people of central New Guinea before first contact
in the mid-twentieth century. In their conceptualization, one's own souls were not seen as essences of the self or agents of personal awareness. Rather, they merely inflected awareness, which was understood to occur in the heart. This autochthonous model of consciousness attributed selfish
impulses and bodily strength to a 'little soul' and generous inclinations to a 'big soul'. The heart was the seat of thought and feeling and the recipient of the souls' proddings, and sensory perceptions originating in other body parts.
Variability in Cultural Understandings of Consciousness: A Call for Dialogue with Native Psychologies
Authors: Lorencova Radmila , Trnka Radek
Published: June 2023

Investigation of Indigenous concepts and their meanings is highly inspirational for contemporary science because these concepts represent adaptive solutions in various environmental and social milieus. Past research has shown that conceptualizations of consciousness can vary widely
between cultural groups from different geographical regions. The present study explores variability among a few of the thousands of Indigenous cultural understandings of consciousness. Indigenous concepts of consciousness are often relational and inseparable from environmental and religious
concepts. Furthermore, this exploration of variability reveals the layers with which some Indigenous peoples understand their conscious experience of the world. Surprisingly, Indigenous understandings of global consciousness was found not to be in opposition to local consciousness. The final
concluding section of this study discusses the usability of Indigenous concepts and meanings for recent scientific debates
The study of plankton parameters for the cultivation of Eucheuma cottonii seaweed around Pancana Beach, Barru Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Patang
Published: June 2023

Background: This study aims to determine the possibility of cultivating Eucheuma cottonii seaweed based on plankton aspects around Pancana Beach, Barru Regency, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: The study was divided into 3 observation stations (ST) based on the characteristics of each location. Data was collected and analyzed by descriptive analysis. Results: The results showed that based on the plankton aspect, the research location was still suitable for the cultivation of seaweed of the type Eucheuma cottonii when viewed from the aspects of plankton abundance, diversity, uniformity and dominance. Conclusions: All study sites have suitable plankton abundance, diversity and uniformity which can support the growth and survival of Eucheuma cottonii, and no plankton dominates in these waters.
Core String Parallel Experiment Study for Volcanic Rock in Xushen Gas Field
Authors: Guo Chaohua
Published: June 2023

Volcanic gas reservoir in Xushen gas field has complex microscopic pore throat structure and dense physical property, which is quite different from that of conventional high-permeability sandstone gas reservoir. It is of great significance to know its seepage mechanism for scientific and efficient development technology countermeasures. Through the parallel and series experiments of volcanic fracture cores and matrix cores, the gas flow changes of fractures and matrix cores with different permeability levels under different pressure gradients were measured, and the percolation mechanism of volcanic gas reservoirs with different pressure gradients was revealed when fractures and matrix cores were in parallel or series. The experimental results show that the fracture is the dominant channel relative to the matrix, and the supply and exhaust capacity of the fracture is much larger than that of the matrix, and the permeability of the matrix determines the supply and exhaust capacity of the series system composed of fracture and matrix