Measurement Report: Bio-physicochemistry of tropical clouds at Maïdo (Réunion Island, Indian Ocean): overview of results from the BIO-MAÏDO campaign
Authors: Leriche Maud , Tulet Pierre , Deguillaume Laurent , Burnet Frédéric , Colomb Aurélie , Borbon Agnès , Jambert Corinne , Duflot Valentin , Houdier Stéphan , Jaffrezo Jean-Luc , Vaïtilingom Mickaël , Dominutti Pamela , Rocco Manon , Mouchel-Vallon Camille , El Gdachi Samira , Brissy Maxence , Fathalli Maroua , Maury Nicolas , Verreyken Bert , Amelynck Crist , Schoon Niels , Gros Valérie , Pichon Jean-Marc , Ribeiro Mickael , Pique Eric , Leclerc Emmanuel , Bourrianne Thierry , Roy Axel , Moulin Eric , Barrie Joël , Metzger Jean-Marc , Péris Guillaume , Guadagno Christian , Bhugwant Chatrapatty , Tibere Jean-Mathieu , Tournigand Arnaud , Freney Evelyn , Sellegri Karine , Delort Anne-Marie , Amato Pierre , Joly Muriel , Baray Jean-Luc , Renard Pascal , Bianco Angelica , Réchou Anne , Payen Guillaume 
Published: August 2023

Abstract. The BIO-MAÏDO (Bio-physicochemistry of tropical clouds at Maïdo (Réunion Island): processes and impacts on secondary organic aerosols formation) campaign was conducted from the 13th of March to the 4th of April 2019 on the tropical Réunion Island and implied several scientific teams and state-of-the-art instrumentation. The campaign was part of the BIO-MAÏDO project with the main objective is to improve our understanding of cloud impacts on the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) from biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) precursors in a tropical environment. Instruments were deployed at five sites: a receptor site, the Maïdo observatory (MO) at 2165 m asl, and four sites along the slope of the Maïdo mountain. The obtained dataset includes measurements of the gas-phase mixing ratio of volatile organic compounds (VOC), the characterization of the physical, chemical, and biological (bacterial diversity) properties of aerosols and the characterization of the physical, chemical and biological (identification of viable bacteria through culture-based approaches) properties of the cloud water. In addition, the turbulent parameters of the boundary layer, radiative fluxes, and emissions fluxes of BVOC from the surrounding vegetation were measured to help with the interpretation of the observed chemical concentrations in the different phases. Dynamical analyses show two preferred trajectories routes for air masses arriving at MO during the daytime both corresponding to the return branches of the trade winds associated with the up-slopes thermal breezes. These air masses likely encountered cloud processing during transport along the slope. The highest mixing ratio of oxygenated VOC (OVOC) were measured above the site located in the endemic forest and the highest contribution of OVOC to total VOC at MO. Chemical composition of particles during the daytime shows a higher concentration of oxalic acid and a more oxidized organic aerosol at MO than at other sites along the slope. This is a signature of photochemical aerosols aging along the slope potentially influenced by cloud processing. Despite an in-depth analysis of organic compounds in cloud water, around 80 % on average of dissolved organic compounds is undefined highlighting the complexity of the cloud organic matter.