bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise comparativa das ferramentas de gestão: Plano de Manejo da APA Itupararanga e os Planos Diretores Municipais
Authors: Bernardi Iara , Silva Lais Ribeiro , Falco Patricia Bortoleto , Pires José Salatiel Rodrigues , Dos Santos Andre Cordeiro Alves
Published: February 2020

A APA de Itupararanga foi criada em 1998 e inclui áreas dos municípios de Alumínio, Cotia, Votorantim, Vargem Grande Paulista, Mairinque, São Roque, Piedade e Ibiúna. É uma Unidade de Conservação importante no contexto regional, pois foi criada para a conservação do principal manancial da região, o reservatório de Itupararanga. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal analisar o Plano de Manejo da APA e os Planos Diretores Municipais nas áreas de intersecção, levantando os possíveis conflitos de uso da terra. Foi observada pouca inter-relação entre a elaboração dos Planos Diretores Municipais e a APA, o que resultou em 12 conflitos de uso e ocupação de solo (cerca de 20% da área da APA) entre o zoneamento da APA e aquele definido nos Planos Diretores. Assim, aponta-se para a necessidade de revisão dos Planos Diretores e elaboração do Plano de Manejo da APA para se alcançar a manutenção da qualidade ambiental e o desenvolvimento sustentável, com a efetiva participação dos órgãos municipais e da população.
Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Sirih dan Metode Ekstraksinya Dalam Menghambat Penyakit Antraknosa pada Cabai Pascapanen
Authors: Trisnawati Desi , Nugroho Lilik Pujantoro Eko , Tondok Efi Toding
Published: February 2020

Extract of Piper betle as An Inhibitor of Anthracnose Postharvest Disease on Chili Pepper

Chili is a horticultural commodity that mostly needed by consumers in the fresh condition. However, there is an interval of time needed to deliver it from producers (farmers) to consumers. During the supply chain, deterioration of the quality of chilli fruit can occur by the presence of anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum spp. The use of syntetic fungicides to control anthracnose disease is not recommended because it will leave residues that are harmful to consumers. The alternative that can be done is to use botanical pesticides as fungicides. The aim of this research is to study the potential of Piper betle leaves extract (PLE) in inhibiting the development of the antracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum acutatum on the chili during storage. The sequences of this research were strarted with production of PLE by boiling method which was preceded by blanching, chopping, and without treatment of betel leaves, then bioassay of betel extract by measuring the diameter of fungus growth on PDA+ PLE. The third test was application of PLE on fresh chili fruits by spraying and soaking, continued by observed the antracnoseinsidence on chili during storage time (21 days). The results showed that the chopping method was the best betel leaf extraction method among other treatments, the use of 10% PLE concentration was the most effective concentration in inhibiting the growth of C. acutatum in vitro, spraying treatment using 10% EDS was the most effective in inhibited the insidence of anthracnose disease.
Keindahan Terselubung Web Series Sore : Kajian Estetika
Authors: Tazkiyah Destyanisa
Published: February 2020

This article discusses the aesthetic assessment of the web series Sore which is done through a semiotic approach, as well as the beauty of delivering the moral message behind the purpose of the web series as advertisement. The first step on the research is to develop basic narrative scheme to guide the determination of the main signifiers in the web series. Next is to analyze the style of language contained in the dialogue that has a metaphor in it. And finally, the aesthetic assessment of the delivery of moral messages in the web series. After analyzing the authors found the hidden beauty of the web series Sore is the simple form of main signifier, the use of metaphors that have beauty as supporting the delivery of the meaning in some scenes on the web series, as well as the web series successfully deliver the moral messages with such a natural and beautiful scene that accordance with the purpose of literature to entertain and educate.
Primary Hyperparathyroidism Manifesting with Severe Hypercalcemia in a Nonagenarian Man: Pitfall of Common Imaging Techniques, Localization by 18F-Choline Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography and Successful Management with Calcimimetics
Authors: Foppiani Luca , Bottoni Gianluca , Piccardo Arnoldo
Published: February 2020

A nonagenarian hypertensive man with chronic kidney disease (CKD) was admitted to the emergency department for gastrointestinal symptoms and worsening symptoms of depression. Severe hypercalcemia (15.3 mg/dL) was found and he was hospitalized. Fluids, loop diuretics and glucocorticoids were administered intravenously, which partially reduced calcium levels over a few days and improved his clinical condition. PTH levels proved increased (306 pg/mL) and 25-OHD levels were reduced; primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) was diagnosed. Neck ultrasonography (USG) did not show parathyroid enlargement, nor did 99mTechnetium-sestamibi (SESTAMIBI) scintigraphy reveal hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands. By contrast, 18F-choline PET/CT evidenced a nodule located close to the oesophagus, behind the right thyroid lobe, which proved compatible with a hyperfunctioning parathyroid gland. Since the patient declined surgery, and zoledronate was unfit owing to areas of rarefaction of the jaw, the calcimimetic cinacalcet was started; the dosage was progressively titrated up to 120 mg/day with normalisation of calcium levels over time. PTH levels, however, proved erratic and showed an upward trend over the first year of therapy; however its levels partially decreased following increase of vitamin D levels by replacement therapy. Cinacalcet is a useful and safe drug, which can normalise calcium levels and improve the clinical condition, even in very old patients with severe PHPT who decline or are unfit for surgery.
SKUTECZNE OCENIANIE GRAMATYKI: OD TRADYCYJNYCH TESTÓW DO ZADAŃ KOMUNIKACYJNYCH
Authors: Mirosław Pawlak
Published: February 2020

Irrespective of the educational level, grammar is typically tested in a very traditional manner by means of such tasks as multiple choice, gap filling, paraphrasing or translation. The problem with this manner of evaluation is that it mainly taps into learners’ explicit, declarative knowledge that can only be applied when sufficient time is available. In addition, these tasks primarily focus on form, simultaneously ignoring the semantic and pragmatic aspects of grammatical knowledge. The article argues that such traditional tests should be complemented by what is referred to as productive and receptive focused communication tasks (Ellis, 2003), which necessitate the use of a specific grammar structure or at least are designed in such a way that such use is conducive to the attainment of the communicative goal. The application of such tasks allows insights into the implicit, or at least highly automatized, knowledge of the targeted structures (Ellis, 2009; DeKeyser, 2010) as well as shedding light on their form, meaning and use (Larsen-Freeman, 2003). It is suggested that their use not only enhances the validity of testing grammar but can also havea beneficial effect on the ways in which grammar is taught and learned.
CZYNNIKI OSOBOWOŚCIOWE W PROCESIE PRZYSWAJANIA I UŻYCIA JĘZYKA OBCEGO – KWESTIA EWALUACJI WYPOWIEDZI USTNEJ
Authors: Katarzyna Nosidlak
Published: February 2020

Communication in a foreign language requires activation of numerous, not necessarily linguistic, competences. As recent studies suggest, in order to facilitate this complicated process, people tend to put on different masks and change their personality-related behaviours. Such behavioural changes seem to be typical for testing situations when students’ actions are additionally influenced by stress. Drawing on her own observations and teaching experience, the author of this article strives to point to the correspondence between the manifestation of some behaviours resulting from students’ personality makeups and the effectiveness of their spoken performance in a foreign language. By directing readers’ attention to this correlation, she wants to underline the importance of personality training for the sake of effective communication in a foreign language. Additionally, this article presents the results of a survey conducted among 54 students of English at the Pedagogical University of Cracow – the data collected shows that students intentionally alter their personality-related behaviours in an attempt to earn higher scores on their oral exams. The direction of these changes might constitute useful advice for less experienced foreign-language test-takers.
The Use of the “Dry Submarine” Technique and Other Allegations in Proceedings Before the United Nations Committee on Enforced Disappearaances. Remarks on the Yrusta v. Argentina case no. 1/2013
Authors: Łasak Katarzyna
Published: February 2020

The prohibition on enforced disappearances is one of the fundamental norms of con-temporary international law which is intended to protect the individual from state re-pression. Under certain circumstances, a violation of the prohibition is recognized as a crime of international law. There are no exceptions to the implementation of the norm. Since the prohibition is a treaty, States must expressly agree to be bound by it. Not all States have done this, but some have, including Argentina. Despite this, Roberto Agustín Yrusta disappeared. His enforced disappearance was preceded by numerous and elaborate forms of evil, cruel and humiliating treatment. This paper seeks to answer the question of how international law can ensure effective enforcement of the prohibition on enforced disappearance.
Criminal Liability for Crimes Against Humanity as a Problem of International Law
Authors: Diallo Boubacar Sidi Diallo
Published: February 2020

The article sets out the nature, the history and the general structure of the crime against humanity and provides a comprehensive analytical commentary of the elements of such crimes as a problem of international law. The contextual element determines that crimes against humanity involve either large-scale violence in relation to the number of victims or its extension over a broad geographic area (widespread), or a methodical type of violence (systematic). This excludes random, accidental or isolated acts of violence. In addition, Article 7(2) (a) of the Rome Statute determines that crimes against humanity must be committed in furtherance of a State or organizational policy to commit an attack. The plan or policy does not need to be explicitly stipulated or formally adopted and can, therefore, be inferred from the totality of the circumstances. In contrast with genocide, crimes against humanity do not need to target a specific group. Instead, the victim of the attack can be any civilian population, regardless of its affiliation or identity.
Efficacy of Low-Level Laser, Hard Occlusal Appliance and Conventional Pharmacotherapy in the Management of Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome; A Preliminary Study
Authors: Azangoo Khiavi Hassan , Ebrahimi Hooman , Najafi Shamsolmolouk , Nakisa Maryam , Habibzadeh Sareh , Khayamzadeh Mina , Kharazifard Mohammad Javad
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS) is a common temporomandibular joint disorder. Due to its multifactorial etiology, treatment usually involves more than one modality to obtain complementary results. The purpose of this study was to compare the combined effect of a low-level laser, a hard occlusal appliance, and conventional pharmacotherapy with pharmacotherapy only in the management of patients with MPDS. Methods: In this study, 15 patients with MPDS were diagnosed and randomly assigned to 3 groups (n=5). Subjects in Group 1 were treated with pharmacotherapy (PT); Group 2 received the diode laser (940 nm gallium arsenide) every other day for a total of 10 sessions, plus pharmacotherapy (PTL) and Group 3 were given hard occlusal splint 12 h/day for 4 weeks, plus pharmacotherapy (PTO). The intensity of pain was measured using the visual analog scale (VAS) prior to the treatment, 2 and 4 weeks after the onset of treatment and 2 weeks later. The maximum painless mouth opening and pain intensity at muscle palpation were also recorded. Comparisons were made between the groups via repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) (P<0.05). Results: Pain relief in the subjective VAS was observed in both laser and appliance groups in the third and fourth examination sessions (P<0.05). No statistically significant reduction in pain was noted using pharmacotherapy only. The maximum painless mouth opening and muscle tenderness were not significantly different between the 3 groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Both the laser and the occlusal appliance combined with pharmacotherapy proved to be effective for pain reduction in patients with MPDS. All groups, however, failed to result in a significant improvement in the maximum mouth opening or tenderness in masticatory muscles.
Influence of Different Surface Treatments on the Shear Bond Strength of Resin Cement to Base Metal Alloys
Authors: Raeisosadat Farkhondeh , Ghoveizi Rahab , Eskandarion Solmaz , Beyabanaki Elaheh , Tavakolizadeh Sara
Published: February 2020

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the effect of different surface treatments on the bond strength of resin cement to nickel-chrome (Ni-Cr) alloy. Methods: Forty disk-shaped specimens of Ni-Cr alloy were prepared and divided into 4 groups. In the first group, the specimens’ surface was sandblasted with 50 µ Al2 O3 particles. In the second group, the specimens were prepared with the Er:YAG laser. In the third group, the specimens were prepared using the Er:YAG laser after sandblasting. In the fourth group, the specimens’ surface was covered with a thin layer of MKZ metal primer after sandblasting. Then the cylinders of composite resin were bonded to the treated metal surfaces using Panavia F2.0 resin cement. All of the samples were subjected to 2000 thermal cycles. The shear bond strength was tested using a universal testing machine at the crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The failure mode was also observed by a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA and the Tukey HSD test at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The shear bond strength from the highest to the lowest were as follows: the Er:YAG laser group, the sandblast and MKZ primer combination group, the sandblast group, and the sandblast and Er:YAG laser combination group. The mean differences of shear bond strength between the Er:YAG laser group and the sandblast group (P=0.047) and also between the Er:YAG laser group and the sandblast and Er:YAG laser combination group (P=0.015) were statistically significant. Conclusion: Among the different surface treatments employed in this study, Er:YAG laser treatment increased the shear bond strength between the metal alloy and the resin cement (Pavnavia F2).
The Effect of the Er:YAG Laser and MI Paste Plus on the Treatment of White Spot Lesions
Authors: Yassaei Soghra , Motallaei Mohammad Nima
Published: February 2020

Introduction: White spot lesions (WSLs) occurring after orthodontic treatment lead to patient dissatisfaction and aesthetic problems. The role of calcium-phosphate demineralization systems and the Er:YAG laser in the treatment of these lesions has recently been taken into account. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the Er:YAG laser and MI Paste Plus on the treatment of WSLs. Methods: A total of 65 premolars extracted due to orthodontic treatment were studied in this research. To create enamel lesions, the teeth were placed in a demineralizing solution. The teeth were then randomly divided into five groups (n=13) as follows: first group, control; second group, saliva; third group, MI Paste Plus; fourth group, Er:YAG laser; and fifth group, MI Paste Plus together with the Er:YAG laser. The teeth were kept in artificial saliva between treatment processes. Artificial saliva was replaced daily with fresh artificial saliva. The teeth were sectioned longitudinally by a disc from the middle of the exposed enamel and each section was mounted in polyester resin. The surface of the samples was serially polished and the microhardness of the teeth was measured at depths of 0, 50, 100, and 150 µm. Results: The microhardness was significantly higher in the fifth group than other groups at depths of 50 and 150 µm (P<0.005). Using the laser or MI Paste Plus alone did not significantly increase the microhardness. Conclusions: The combined application of the Er:YAG laser and MI Paste Plus is effective in the treatment of WSLs.
Effect of the Fractional CO2 Laser on the Quality of Life, General Health, and Genitourinary Symptoms in Postmenopausal Women With Vaginal Atrophy: A Prospective Cohort
Authors: Adabi Khadijeh , Golshahi Fatemeh , Niroomansh Shirin , Razzaghi Zahra , Ghaemi Marjan
Published: February 2020

Introduction: After menopause women experience vaginal atrophy related to hormonal changes and estrogen deficiency. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the effect of the fractional CO2 laser on the quality of life, vaginal atrophy symptoms, and urine incontinency in menopause women. Methods: This prospective study was conducted among 140 women from 2017 to 2018 in Yas hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. They encountered the fractional microablative CO2 laser system three times at four-week intervals. The short form of the Health Questionnaire (SF-12) and the Female Sexual Functional Index (FSFI) questionnaire were utilized to assess the participants’ quality of life. Also, the standard measuring tools including the vaginal health index (VHI) and International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ) Form were used to evaluate the vaginal atrophy symptoms. Results: The quality of life improved significantly in somatic, social function, and mental health. In the sexual context, arousal and satisfaction status improved significantly. Also, the frequency of urinary incontinence, enuresis, urgency, and the leak improved significantly (P<0.05). Among the scale variables for urinary function, it was seen that the urgency impact had no improvement. All vaginal indices improved (P<0.05). Conclusion: The fractional CO2 laser can be effective in treating vaginal atrophy and urinary symptoms. Besides, it improved the quality of life and the sexual function of post-menopausal women.
The Beneficial Effects of High-Intensity Laser Therapy and Co-Interventions on Musculoskeletal Pain Management: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ezzati Kamran , Laakso E-Liisa , Salari Amir , Hasannejad Anahita , Fekrazad Reza , Aris Arash
Published: February 2020

Introduction: High-intensity laser therapy (HILT) has been used more recently in the therapeutic protocols of pain managements. Adding therapeutic interventions to laser therapy is usual in clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of HILT and beneficial effects of adding cointerventions to HILT in musculoskeletal pain management. Methods: The following databases were searched up to August 2018: Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Google Scholar, Springer and ISI. The keywords of pain, HILT, high power laser therapy, laser therapy, photobiomodulation, physical therapy and rehabilitation were searched. The quality of the articles was assessed using the PEDro scale. The primary measure was pain severity expected to be reported in all studies. Effect size was calculated as standardized mean differences divided by the standard deviation of either the treatment or other group. Results: Initially 52 potential studies were found. Eighteen of these studies were excluded based on title and abstract. The full text of 34 remaining articles was screened and 15 of the studies were excluded. All included studies had high quality (PEDro ≥7). Approximately, 94% of included articles (n=18) revealed positive effects of HILT on pain. The effect sizes for HILT and placebo/comparator groups were 0.9-9.11 and 0.21-11.22 respectively. Also, the differences of effect size between two groups were between 0.03 to 5.85. Conclusion: It is early to determine that HILT may be an effective non-invasive agent in the management of musculoskeletal pain, as few studies have shown its clinical efficacy. Adding related co-interventions to HILT may enhance the beneficial effects of laser therapy. The variability of the study methods and outcomes suggests that further long-term follow-up, randomized controlled clinical trials with appropriate methodological design are needed regarding the effectiveness of HILT on pain.
Signature of Gut Microbiome by Conventional and Advanced Analysis Techniques: Advantages and Disadvantages
Authors: Rezasoltani Sama , Ahmadi Bashirzadeh Dorrieh , Nazemalhosseini Mojarad Ehsan , Asadzadeh Aghdaei Hamid , Norouzinia Mohsen , Shahrokh Shabnam
Published: February 2020

Gut microbiota is considered as a human organ with its own specific functions and complexity. Development of novel techniques such as shut gun sequencing, metagenomics, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled bypassing the traditional culturedependent bias and has significantly expanded our understanding of the composition, diversity, and roles of the gut microbiota in human health and diseases. Although amplicon sequencing characterizes the taxonomic composition of the gut microbiome, it is impossible to cover the direct evidence of the microbial biological functions related to the gut microbial community. Hence, the critical next step for gut microbiome studies is shifting from gene/ genome-centric analysis to mechanism-centric techniques by integrating omics data with experimental results. Realizing gut microbial diversity and their bioactive metabolites function will provide insight into the clinical application of gut microbiota in diagnoses and treatments of several diseases. In this review, we focused on explaining the conventional and advanced microbiome analysis techniques regarding gut microbiota investigation with considering the advantages and disadvantages of the platforms.
Qualidade de vida de acadêmicos de enfermagem: análise à luz do modelo de Pender
Authors: Lima Rosane Saraiva de , Cavalcante Jeane Lima , Machado Maria de Fátima Antero Sousa , Cavalcante Edilma Gomes Rocha , Quirino Glauberto da Silva , Rebouças Vitória de Cássia Félix
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: compreender os estilos de vida dos acadêmicos de enfermagem à luz do Modelo de Promoção da Saúde Nola Pender. Métodos: estudo qualitativo, realizado com 11 acadêmicos de enfermagem por meio de um grupo focal a partir de um roteiro semiestruturado. Obtiveram-se duas categorias analíticas: Características e experiências individuais; Sentimentos e conhecimentos sobre o comportamento que se quer alcançar. Resultados: como principais fatores que repercutem na qualidade de vida os acadêmicos relataram baixa qualidade e pouco tempo de sono, sedentarismo e alimentação inadequada, que estão relacionados à rotina universitária. Conclusão: a utilização do referido Modelo foi importante para identificar os fatores que repercutem nos estilos de vida dos acadêmicos, em seus aspectos biopsicossocial e suas correlações, demonstrando a sua relevância ao apontar a necessidade de intervenções que atendam a sua realidade.
Fatores associados à ideação suicida em cuidadores de sobreviventes de acidente vascular encefálico
Authors: Costa Tatiana Ferreira da , Bezerra Thaíse Alves , Pimenta Cláudia Jeane Lopes , Silva Cleane Rosa Ribeiro da , Ferreira Gerlania Rodrigues Salviano , Costa Kátia Neyla de Freitas Macedo
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: identificar os fatores associados à presença de ideação suicida em cuidadores de sobreviventes de acidente vascular encefálico. Métodos: pesquisa transversal, realizada com 151 cuidadores informais primários. Utilizaram-se da Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse-21 (Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale) e de questionário para avaliação da presença de pensamentos de ideação suicida, cujos dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: a maior parte dos cuidadores apresentou níveis normais de depressão (76,8%), ansiedade (76,2%) e estresse (79,5%), assim como a ausência de pensamentos de ideação suicida (70,9%). A correlação entre as escalas evidenciou que à medida que os níveis de ansiedade, depressão e estresse aumentam, os pensamentos de ideação suicida se elevam de maneira proporcional. Conclusão: observou-se que níveis elevados de depressão, ansiedade e estresse favoreceram o aumento da frequência de pensamentos de ideação suicida entre os cuidadores de sobreviventes de acidente vascular encefálico.
Determinantes sociais da saúde de gestantes acompanhadas no pré-natal de alto risco
Authors: Pires Gadelha Ivyna , Diniz Flaviane Fabricio , Aquino Priscila de Souza , Silva Denise Montenegro da , Balsells Marianne Maia Dutra , Pinheiro Ana Karina Bezerra
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: avaliar os determinantes sociais da saúde de gestantes acompanhadas no pré-natal de alto risco. Métodos: estudo observacional e transversal, realizado com 276 gestantes de alto risco. A coleta deu-se mediante aplicação de questionário estruturado acerca dos determinantes sociais da saúde, além de dados clínicos e obstétricos das mulheres. Os dados foram analisados através do programa estatístico Jamovi®, versão 0.9, e discutidos segundo o Modelo de Dahlgren e Whitehead. Resultados: as condições individuais; o comportamento e estilo de vida; a rede social e comunitária; e a condição de vida, tais como: trabalho, saúde, educação, saneamento básico e habitação podem constituir fator de risco ou de proteção à saúde da gestante. Conclusão: determinantes como idade, raça, tipo de gestação, nível educacional, a situação de moradia e o acesso aos serviços de saúde foram considerados favoráveis à saúde da maioria das gestantes, porém, a prevalência de gravidez não planejada como comportamento desfavorável.
Vinte anos da Rev Rene
Authors: Cardoso Maria Vera Lúcia Moreira Leitão , Pagliuca Lorita Marlena Freitag
Published: February 2020

Em datas significativas, é natural relembrar de fatos que marcaram a trajetória do que se está a comemorar. Discorrer sobre esses fatos, principalmente quando ilustra um caminho de muito trabalho e compromisso, enlaça-nos em sentimentos de vitória. Em júbilo e repletos de encorajamento, a Revista alcança seus vinte anos de existência.
Siri, Do I like You? Digital Voice Assistants and Their Acceptance by Consumers
Authors: Ewers Karolina , Baier Daniel , Höhn Nadine
Published: February 2020

Nowadays, digital voice assistants (DVAs) such as Amazon’s Alexa, Google’s Assistant, or Apple’s Siri provide speech-oriented human-computer interfaces that have the potential to make consumers’ interaction with other consumers, firms, or devices more convenient, enjoyable, and productive. However, at least currently, DVA acceptance is limited, even among digital natives and corresponding explanations are missing. This paper seeks to close this gap by investigating which factors have an impact on DVA acceptance. Therefore, we develop a new approach that combines elements of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as well as the Uses and Gratifications Approach (UGA). A sample of 283 digital natives participated in a Siri field experiment. The results demonstrate that especially enjoyment, but also social status and social influence are main DVA acceptance drivers. Nevertheless, Millennials have some privacy concerns about companies getting too much personal information while using DVAs. This study provides valuable insights into main drivers of DVA acceptance. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Physically nonlinear deformation of a thin interphase inclusion under antiplane problem conditions
Authors: Piskozub Yosyf , Sulym Heorgiy , Piskozub Liubov
Published: February 2020

The longitudinal shear problem of the bimaterial with thin physically nonlinear inclusion at the interface matrix materials is considered. The solution of the formulated problem is constructed by the method of the conjugation of limit values of analytical functions with the use of the jump function method. A model of thin inclusion with arbitrary nonlinear strain characteristics is constructed. The solution of the problem is reduced to a system of singular integral equations with variable coefficients. A convergent iteration method for solving such a system for different types of physically nonlinear deformation is proposed. An incremental calculation method for calculating stress-strain state under multistep (including cyclic) quasi-static loading is developed. Numerical calculations of the body stress-strain state for various values of the parameters of the nonlinearity of the inclusion material are carried out. Their influence on the mode of deformation of the matrix under loading by a balanced system of concentrated forces is investigated.
Sexual Orientation and Suicide Attempt Disparities Among US Adolescents: 2009–2017
Authors: Raifman Julia , Charlton Brittany M. , Arrington-Sanders Renata , Chan Philip A. , Rusley Jack , Mayer Kenneth H. , Stein Michael D. , Austin S. Bryn , McConnell Margaret
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND:

Sexual minority adolescents face mental health disparities relative to heterosexual adolescents. We evaluated temporal changes in US adolescent reported sexual orientation and suicide attempts by sexual orientation.

METHODS:

We used Youth Risk Behavioral Surveillance data from 6 states that collected data on sexual orientation identity and 4 states that collected data on sex of sexual contacts continuously between 2009 and 2017. We estimated odds ratios using logistic regression models to evaluate changes in reported sexual orientation identity, sex of consensual sexual contacts, and suicide attempts over time and calculated marginal effects (MEs).

RESULTS:

The proportion of adolescents reporting minority sexual orientation identity nearly doubled, from 7.3% in 2009 to 14.3% in 2017 (ME: 0.8 percentage points [pp] per year; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.6 to 0.9 pp). The proportion of adolescents reporting any same-sex sexual contact increased by 70%, from 7.7% in 2009 to 13.1% in 2017 (ME: 0.6 pp per year; 95% CI: 0.4 to 0.8 pp). Although suicide attempts declined among students identifying as sexual minorities (ME: −0.8 pp per year; 95% CI: −1.4 to −0.2 pp), these students remained >3 times more likely to attempt suicide relative to heterosexual students in 2017. Sexual minority adolescents accounted for an increasing proportion of all adolescent suicide attempts.

CONCLUSIONS:

The proportion of adolescents reporting sexual minority identity and same-sex sexual contacts increased between 2009 and 2017. Disparities in suicide attempts persist. Developing and implementing approaches to reducing sexual minority youth suicide is critically important.
Suicidal Ideation and Behavior Among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Youth: 1995–2017
Authors: Liu Richard T. , Walsh Rachel F.L. , Sheehan Ana E. , Cheek Shayna M. , Carter Sarina M.
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVES:

In this study, we determined trends in prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and heterosexual youth from 1995 to 2017 using population-based surveillance data.

METHODS:

Data were drawn from the Massachusetts Youth Risk Behavior Survey from 1995 to 2017 (unweighted N = 41 636). The annual percent change (APC) in prevalence of suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts was stratified by sexual orientation as indexed by sexual identity and sexual behavior.

RESULTS:

Among sexual minority youth, prevalence rates declined over the entire study period for suicidal ideation (APCsexual identity = −1.25; APCsexual behavior = −1.83), plans (APCsexual identity = −1.88; APCsexual behavior = −1.95), and attempts (APCsexual identity = −2.64; APCsexual behavior = −2.47). Among heterosexual youth, prevalence rates declined from 1995 to 2007 for suicidal ideation (APCsexual identity = −6.67; APCsexual behavior = −6.77) and plans (APCsexual identity = −5.73; APCsexual behavior = −6.25). These declines in ideation and plans were steeper than those for sexual minority youth. Prevalence of suicide attempts declined across the entire study period among heterosexual youth (APCsexual identity = −3.66; APCsexual behavior = −4.01). Prevalence of all 3 outcomes remained markedly high among sexual minority youth across the 23-year study period.

CONCLUSIONS:

Although suicidal thoughts and behavior have generally declined among sexual minority and heterosexual youth, disparities in these outcomes persist, and their prevalence among sexual minority youth has remained consistently elevated. Prioritized screening for risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors in this vulnerable population is imperative to reduce disparities and prevalence of these outcomes.
Penyerapan Anggaran Belanja Langsung Pada Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bandung
Authors: Anggara Sahya , Pilawati Pilawati
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze, study and find out how the absorption of direct expenditure budget at the Bandung District Health Office 2017 Fiscal Year. In measuring the budget absorption variable, the author uses Halim's theory of budget absorption which includes budget, budget absorption, supporting factors and obstacles to budget absorption. The research approach used is qualitative research type description. Data collection techniques were carried out by direct observation, in-depth interviews, and document studies. Data analysis techniques using the theory of Miles and Huberman which consists of three activities namely Data Reduction, Data Presentation, Drawing Conclusions. The results showed that based on three-dimensional indicators the absorption of direct budget in general has been going well. But there are still a number of things that need to be improved, namely regarding the approval of the budget that has not been timely, the lack of human resources (employees) and there are programs that have not been achieved effectively and efficiently so that it affects the absorption of direct expenditure that is not yet optimal. So that the Bandung District Health Office must make efforts to increase and optimize budget absorption by means of approving budgets in a timely manner, proposing an increase in the number of employees and conducting socialization to employees about the budget that will be used in carrying out any program activities that have been previously determined so that the absorption of the budget can be absorbed immediately optimally.
Incidencia de los agregados monetarios asociados a la liquidez del público en la rentabilidad de los bancos privados venezolanos (período 2009-2012).
Authors: Ramírez-Quintero Freddy Antonio
Published: February 2020

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la incidencia de los agregados monetarios asociados a la liquidez del público en larentabilidad de los bancos privados venezolanos para el período 2009-2012, para lo cual fue necesario describir el comportamiento históricode los agregados monetarios asociados a la liquidez del público; describir el comportamiento histórico de la rentabilidad de los bancos; yestablecer el impacto de los agregados monetarios asociados a la liquidez del público en la rentabilidad de los bancos. Se trató de un estudiocuantitativo, con diseño documental y nivel descriptivo, aplicado en Banesco Banco Universal, C.A., Banco Mercantil, C.A., y BancoProvincial, S.A. En cuanto al comportamiento histórico los agregados monetarios asociados a la liquidez del público, el Dinero M1 evidenciódisponibilidad positiva, el cuasi-dinero presentó inestabilidad en su crecimiento, la Liquidez Monetaria (M2) mostró comportamientospositivos así como el da M3, siendo favorable tanto para los agregados monetarios como para el sistema económico nacional. En cuanto alcomportamiento histórico de la rentabilidad de los bancos estudiados, se tiene que la entidad que experimentó mejores resultados generales enlos indicadores de la rentabilidad fue Mercantil Banco Universal, seguida de Banesco Banco Universal, C.A. y por último Banco ProvincialS.A., Banco Universal. En torno al impacto de los agregados monetarios asociados a la liquidez del público en la rentabilidad de los bancos,se manifiestan correlaciones negativas mayoritariamente, es decir, relaciones de correlación inversa, lo cual indica que a medida que aumentael comportamiento de los indicadores de los agregados monetarios, disminuye los valores de los indicadores de rentabilidad de la banca. Losagregados monetarios inciden en mayor medida en la rentabilidad de Mercantil Banco Universal, no siendo los indicadores clave para lageneración de renta en Banesco Banco Universal, C.A. y Banco Provincial S.A., Banco Universal
Aibi, una revista para la difusión de conocimiento científico.
Authors: Santiago-Rivera Jose Armando
Published: February 2020

Esta edición de la Revista Aibi representa la publicación de un nuevo volumen, demostrando su persistencia, perseverancia y constancia al mantener el ritmo progresivo de esta iniciativa editorial afanada por divulgar planteamientos reveladores del esfuerzo institucional de difundir conocimientos y experiencias derivadas de la investigación. En esa dirección, este medio divulgativo es coherente con los estándares de calidad académica e investigativa, promovidos por el desarrollo académico de la Universidad de Santander, en su gestión por consolidar un espacio para socializar la labor perseverante de los investigadores.
Adjuvant Chemotherapy of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Saltz Leonard B. , Kemeny Nancy E.
Published: February 2020

Advances have been made in the adjuvant therapy of colorectal cancers. Fluorouracil-based chemotherapy has now been demonstrated to improve long-term disease-free survival rates in patients with resected stage III colon cancer. Combined radiation therapy plus fluorouracil-based chemotherapy has been shown to improve both local control and disease-free survival in patients with stage II and III rectal cancer. In this article we will review in detail the current recommendations for treatment of patients with resected colorectal cancers and the data on which these recommendations are based. We will also review some of the more promising investigational approaches which are being pursued in an attempt to further improve the cure rates in patients with local-regionally advanced colorectal cancers. Results from these investigations can be expected to further clarify the role of both currently available and new treatment strategies, and to improve the long-term outlook for patients with resectable colorectal cancers.
Drug Resistance
Authors: Giaccone Giuseppe , Pinedo Herbert M.
Published: February 2020

Chemotherapy fails to cure most cancer patients with advanced disease, particularly patients with the most common forms of solid tumors. The presence or development of resistance to anticancer agents is the major cause of this failure. Several of the mechanisms underlying drug resistance to cytotoxic drugs have been elucidated in the last two decades, largely by employing in vitro drug-selected cancer cell lines. In unselected cell lines and probably also in human cancer, multiple mechanisms are redundantly present to defend the organism from the insults of drugs. Mechanisms have been unraveled by which cross-resistance ensues to multiple drugs (multidrug resistance), similar to what is commonly seen in patients. More recently, the identification of downstream genes, intimately involved in cell-cycle checkpoints, appears also to directly contribute to determining the sensitivity to cytotoxic drugs by regulating the response of the cell to the drug damage. The identification of mechanisms of drug resistance has provided ways of attempting to revert the drug resistance. Although, so far, attempts to revert P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance have only sorted out limited efficacy, new drugs and new strategies are being devised and implemented, such as high-dose chemotherapy and gene transfer.
To Lap or Not to Lap
Authors: Cho L. Chinsoo , Levinson Barry H. , Glatstein Eli
Published: February 2020

Experience at various institutions has shown staging laparotomy to be an important procedure to define a subset of patients who may be treated with radiation therapy alone. Available clinical tests without staging laparotomy understage patients in approximately one-third of the time. Since the majority of pathologic stage III patients are probably best treated with combination chemotherapy, initial treatment with radiation therapy without staging laparotomy may be suboptimal. The patients with clinical stage I and II Hodgkin's disease who present for therapy should be treated with a regimen that maximizes the chances for cure the first time around. The group of patients which fails initial radiation therapy after clinical staging may experience toxicities of both full-dose radiation therapy and salvage chemotherapy without survival benefit. Staging laparotomy has acceptable morbidity, and it continues to provide crucial data for effective treatment planning.
Purine Analogs for the Treatment of Low-Grade Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Authors: Fidias Panos , Chabner Bruce A. , Grossbard Michael L.
Published: February 2020

Primary purpose. Low-grade lymphoproliferative disorders follow an indolent clinical course but are incurable with current therapy. Recently, three active agents for the treatment of these diseases have been identified: the purine analogs fludarabine, pentostatin and 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the mechanism of action, clinical activity and toxicities of the purine analogs.

Methods. Articles, abstracts and letters to the editor appearing in English literature and involving the use of the purine analogs in the treatment of hairy cell leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, cutaneous T cell lymphomas and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia were reviewed.

Results and conclusion. Purine analogs have marked cytoreductive potential in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and hairy cell leukemia. Major side effects include myelosuppression and infections. Profound lymphocytopenia can be sustained, predisposing patients to opportunistic infections. Although remissions achieved with these agents can be long-lasting, minimal residual disease frequently persists. Postremission strategies aimed at eradicating such microscopic diseases can potentially improve the results of purine analog therapy. Alternatively, the up-front combination of these agents with traditional chemotherapy may lead to higher response rates and more sustained remissions.
Interleukin 1 Trials in Cancer Patients: A Review of the Toxicity, Antitumor and Hematopoietic Effects
Authors: Veltri Salvatore , Smith John W.
Published: February 2020

Clinical trials of interleukin 1α (IL-1α) and IL-1β have been completed that assess the toxicities of these cytokines as well as their hematopoietic and antitumor effects. Both forms of IL-1 recognize the same cell surface receptors and have similar toxicities and similar biological activities. Toxicities including fever, flu-like symptoms and dose-limiting hypotension can be severe yet manageable, and IL-1 can be given safely to human cancer patients. Most toxicities and biological effects appear to be dose-related. IL-1 alone has little antitumor activity against melanoma, renal cell carcinomas or other malignancies. The hematopoietic effects, including megakaryocytopoietic effects, are modest and are probably not worth the toxicity necessary to achieve them. However, IL-1 seems to endow certain progenitor cells with responsiveness to other hematopoietic cytokines including colony-stimulating factors and IL-3. One potential application of IL-1 is to help expand bone marrow ex vivo following stem cell harvest, which could allow further chemotherapy dose escalations in chemotherapy-sensitive tumors.
Surgical Sphincter Preservation in Rectal Cancer
Authors: Schlag P.M.
Published: February 2020

Improved understanding of the biological features and advances in diagnostic and surgical procedures have been the basis for increased applications of sphincter preserving operations in lower rectal tumors. The relevant treatment strategies along with their indications will be presented and analyzed. New operative procedures comprise transanal excision of early rectal cancer or trans-sphincteric resection or ultralow anterior resection with colon-pouch creation to improve continence. Recently, for cases in which the removal of the rectal sphincter is indispensable for oncological reasons, a continent perineal colostomy has been developed. Reconstruction of the sphinter function is achieved using a seromuscular cuff. This procedure avoids an abdominal colostomy. The neosphincter can also be formed secondarily, after a prior abdomino-perineal excison with transabdominal colostomy.
Congenital Marrow Failure Syndromes and Malignant Hematopoietic Transformation
Authors: Freedman Melvin H.
Published: February 2020

In the current era of advanced supportive care and administration of recombinant cytokines and other effective therapies, patients with congenital (inherited) marrow failure syndromes usually survive the early years of life and beyond. With the extended lifespan, a new “natural history” for these syndromes is evident. Although these disorders were always classified as “benign” historically, it is now evident that most of these conditions confer an inordinately high predisposition to myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myelogenous leukemia (MDS/AML). Since carcinogenesis occurs as a sequence of events that is driven by genetic damage and by epigenetic changes, the hypothesis is advanced that the first “hit” or leukemia-initiating step is the constitutional genetic mutation, itself, that initially manifests as a single lineage or multiple lineage marrow failure. The leukemic promotion and progression steps leading to MDS/AML can then ensue readily in the initiated pool of progenitors or stem cells. Thus, the distinction between benign and malignant hematology in the context of the inherited marrow failure disorders has become blurred and new definitions for these syndromes should be developed.
Aplastic Anemia, Pediatric Aspects
Authors: Alter Blanche P.
Published: February 2020

Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (BMFs) comprise at least one-fourth of children with aplastic anemia, and perhaps up to 10% of adults. The most common syndrome is Fanconi's anemia (FA), with more than 1,000 reported cases. FA is autosomal recessive, with birth defects in ~75% of patients. It is a DNA repair syndrome, diagnosed by finding chromosomal aberrations in cells treated with clastogenic agents. The major problems in FA are, in order, aplastic anemia, leukemia, and other cancers. There are at least five complementation groups; the gene for Group C has been cloned. Carrier identification and gene therapy are beginning in families at risk for FAC mutations. Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is primarily X-linked (at Xq28), with autosomal recessive and dominant cases as well. Patients classically have reticulated hyperpigmented skin, dystrophic nails, and mucous membrane leukoplakia. ~50% develop aplastic anemia, sometimes prior to the DC phenotype, and ~10% develop cancer. Shwachman-Diamond syndrome consists of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency with neutropenia; ~25% develop aplastic anemia and 5%-10% develop leukemia. Amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia presents in infancy, and often evolves into aplastic anemia and/or leukemia. Single cytopenias include Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA), which is inherited pure red cell aplasia; transient erythroblastopenia of childhood; Kostmann's syndrome (KS) or infantile genetic agranulocytosis, and thrombocytopenia with absent radii in which there is neonatal thrombocytopenia and absent radii. DBA and KS, particularly the latter treated with G-CSF, may develop leukemia, and solid tumors have been reported in DBA. Treatment for the various BMFs includes bone marrow transplantation, androgens, and hematopoietic cytokines such as G-CSF. These inherited syndromes thus include various combinations of marrow failure and premalignancy.