bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Giant Serous Cystadenoma of the Pancreas (⩾10 cm): The Clinical Features and CT Findings
Authors: Liu Qing-Yu , Zhou Jun , Zeng Yu-Rong , Lin Xiao-Feng , Min Jun
Published: August 2016

Purpose. To report the clinical features and CT manifestations of giant pancreatic serous cystadenoma (≥10 cm).Methods.We retrospectively reviewed the clinical features and CT findings of 6 cases of this entity.Results.All 6 patients were symptomatic. The tumors were 10.2 cm–16.5 cm (median value, 13.0 cm). CT imaging revealed that all 6 cases showed microcystic appearances (n=5) or mixed microcystic and macrocystic appearances (n=1). Five patients with tumors at the distal end of the pancreas received distal pancreatectomy. Among these 5 patients, 2 patients underwent partial transverse colon resection or omentum resection due to close adhesion. One patient whose tumor was located in the pancreatic head underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy; however, due to encasement of the portal and superior mesenteric veins, the tumor was incompletely resected. One patient had abundant draining veins on the tumor surface and suffered large blood loss (700 mL). After 6–49 months of follow-up the 6 patients showed no tumor recurrence or signs of malignant transformation.Conclusions.Giant pancreatic serous cystadenoma necessitates surgical resection due to large size, symptoms, uncertain diagnosis, and adjacent organ compression. The relationship between the tumors and the neighboring organs needs to be carefully assessed before operation on CT image.
A Tool for Beamforming and Real-Time Link Budget Analysis in Aeronautical Communications Using Kinematics
Authors: Erturk M. Cenk , Aksan Yasin
Published: August 2016

Aeronautical Communication (AC) systems are likely to be a part of future tiered communication network structures. Therefore maintaining a robust AC link with a minimum power burden on the host platform has a critical importance. In this paper, we analyze the AC systems from a link budget analysis point of view and define the requirements for the parameters of link budget with an emphasize on antenna gains. First, we study the link budget analysis in an AC system. Then, we present a mathematical framework to provide an end-to-end link budget analysis utilizing the platform kinematics. Finally, we present the numerical results for typical AC scenarios and discuss that these results can be used for calculating the real-time link budget and electronic beamforming to provide a robust link.
Characterization of Cellular and Molecular Heterogeneity of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells
Authors: Elsafadi Mona , Manikandan Muthurangan , Atteya Muhammad , Hashmi Jamil Amjad , Iqbal Zafar , Aldahmash Abdullah , Alfayez Musaad , Kassem Moustapha , Mahmood Amer
Published: August 2016

Human bone marrow‐derived stromal stem cells (hBMSC) exhibit multiple functions, including differentiation into skeletal cells (progenitor function), hematopoiesis support, and immune regulation (nonprogenitor function). We have previously demonstrated the presence of morphological and functional heterogeneity of hBMSC cultures. In the present study, we characterized in detail two hTERT‐BMSC clonal cell populations termed here CL1 and CL2 that represent an opposing phenotype with respect to morphology, markers expression: alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and CD146, and ex vivo differentiation potential. CL1 differentiated readily to osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes as shown by expression of lineage specific genes and proteins. Whole genome transcriptome profiling of CL1 versus CL2 revealed enrichment in CL1 of bone‐, mineralization‐, and skeletal muscle‐related genes, for example, ALP, POSTN, IGFBP5 BMP4, and CXCL12. On the other hand, CL2 transcriptome was enriched in immune modulatory genes, for example, CD14, CD99, NOTCH3, CXCL6, CFB, and CFI. Furthermore, gene expression microarray analysis of osteoblast differentiated CL1 versus CL2 showed significant upregulation in CL1 of bone development and osteoblast differentiation genes which included several homeobox genes: TBX15, HOXA2 and HOXA10, and IGF1, FGFR3, BMP6, MCAM, ITGA10, IGFBP5, and ALP. siRNA‐based downregulation of the ALP gene in CL1 impaired osteoblastic and adipocytic differentiation. Our studies demonstrate the existence of molecular and functional heterogeneity in cultured hBMSC. ALP can be employed to identify osteoblastic and adipocytic progenitor cells in the heterogeneous hBMSC cultures.
Evaluation of the Effects of Pinus koraiensis Needle Extracts on Serum Lipid and Oxidative Stress in Adults with Borderline Dyslipidemia: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, and Placebo‐Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Lee Hansongyi , Kim Hyerang , Choue Ryowon , Lim Hyunjung
Published: August 2016

Background. Dyslipidemia has been well‐known as a common metabolic disorder contributing to cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Pinus koraiensis needle extracts (PKE) on the blood cholesterol and oxidative stress. Method. We conducted a 12‐week randomized, double‐blinded controlled trial to examine the effect of PKE on blood lipid profiles in adults with borderline dyslipidemia. Thirty‐three eligible persons were recruited and randomly assigned into PKE (n = 20) and placebo groups (n = 13). Serum lipids including total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein‐ (LDL‐) cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein‐ (HDL‐) cholesterol, very low‐density lipoprotein‐ (VLDL‐) cholesterol, and triglyceride were measured before and after trial. Serum insulin, glucose, and antioxidant indicators were also analyzed before and after trial and anthropometry and blood pressure were measured every 4 weeks. Results. After 12 weeks, PKE statically significant decreases in systolic blood pressure (p < 0.05) and waist circumference (p < 0.05) were observed. Also, VLDL‐cholesterol significantly decreased (from 24.4 ± 10.0 mg/dL at baseline to 18.4 ± 4.1 mg/dL after 12 weeks) (p < 0.05) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased (6.12 ± 0.41 U/mL to 9.06 ± 0.62 U/mL) (p < 0.01) in PKE group. However, after adjustment with WC, VLDL‐cholesterol was not significant between groups (p = 0.095) and while SOD remained significant between groups (p = 0.013). Conclusion. The results show that PKE was effective in improving the superoxide dismutase in the individuals with borderline dyslipidemia.
Band-Notched UWB Antenna with Switchable and Tunable Performance
Authors: Wu Wei , Li Yun-Bo , Wu Rui-Yuan , Shi Chuan-Bo , Cui Tie-Jun
Published: August 2016

A band-notched UWB antenna is presented, which can switch between two notch bands and tune the central frequency simultaneously. It is the first time that the switchable and tunable behaviours are combined together in band-notched UWB antennas. In the band-notched structure, PIN diodes are used to switch the lower and upper frequency bands, while varactors could vary the central frequency of each notch band continuously. Measurement results show that the notch bands could switch between 4.2 GHz and 5.8 GHz when the state of varactors is fixed, and the ranges of tuning are 4.2–4.8 GHz and 5.8–6.5 GHz when the state of PIN diodes is ON and OFF, respectively.
A Hierarchical Reliability Control Method for a Space Manipulator Based on the Strategy of Autonomous Decision-Making
Authors: Gao Xin , Wang Yifan , Sun Hanxu , Jia Qingxuan , Chen Gang , Du Mingtao , Yang Yukun
Published: August 2016

In order to maintain and enhance the operational reliability of a robotic manipulator deployed in space, an operational reliability system control method is presented in this paper. First, a method to divide factors affecting the operational reliability is proposed, which divides the operational reliability factors into task-related factors and cost-related factors. Then the models describing the relationships between the two kinds of factors and control variables are established. Based on this, a multivariable and multiconstraint optimization model is constructed. Second, a hierarchical system control model which incorporates the operational reliability factors is constructed. The control process of the space manipulator is divided into three layers: task planning, path planning, and motion control. Operational reliability related performance parameters are measured and used as the system’s feedback. Taking the factors affecting the operational reliability into consideration, the system can autonomously decide which control layer of the system should be optimized and how to optimize it using a control level adjustment decision module. The operational reliability factors affect these three control levels in the form of control variable constraints. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve a greater probability of meeting the task accuracy requirements, while extending the expected lifetime of the space manipulator.
The Development of a Critical Care Resident Research Curriculum: A Needs Assessment
Authors: Jain Sangeeta , Menon Kusum , Piquette Dominique , Gottesman Ronald , Hutchison James , Gilfoyle Elaine , Group Canadian Critical Care Trials
Published: August 2016

Background. Conducting research is expected from many clinicians’ professional profile, yet many do not have advanced research degrees. Research training during residency is variable amongst institutions and research education needs of trainees are not well understood.Objective. To understand needs of critical care trainees regarding research education.Methods. Canadian critical care trainees, new critical care faculty, program directors, and research coordinators were surveyed regarding research training, research expectations, and support within their programs.Results. Critical care trainees and junior faculty members highlighted many gaps in research knowledge and skills. In contrast, critical care program directors felt that trainees were prepared to undertake research careers. Major differences in opinion amongst program directors and other respondent groups exist regarding preparation for designing a study, navigating research ethics board applications, and managing a research budget.Conclusion. We demonstrated that Canadian critical care trainees and junior faculty reported gaps in knowledge in all areas of research. There was disagreement amongst trainees, junior faculty, research coordinators, and program directors regarding learning needs. Results from this needs assessment will be used to help redesign the education program of the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group to complement local research training offered for critical care trainees.
Identification of a Novel lincRNA-p21-miR-181b-PTEN Signaling Cascade in Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Yu Fujun , Lu Zhongqiu , Chen Bicheng , Dong Peihong , Zheng Jianjian
Published: August 2016

Previously, we found that long intergenic noncoding RNA-p21 (lincRNA-p21) inhibits hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and liver fibrosis via p21. However, the underlying mechanism of the antifibrotic role of lincRNA-p21 in liver fibrosis remains largely unknown. Here, we found that lincRNA-p21 expression was significantly downregulated during liver fibrosis. In LX-2 cells, the reduction of lincRNA-p21 induced by TGF-β1 was in a dose- and time-dependent manner. lincRNA-p21 expression was reduced in liver tissues from patients with liver cirrhosis when compared with that of healthy controls. Notably, lincRNA-p21 overexpression contributed to the suppression of HSC activation. lincRNA-p21 suppressed HSC proliferation and induced a significant reduction inα-SMA and type I collagen. All these effects induced by lincRNA-p21 were blocked down by the loss of PTEN, suggesting that lincRNA-p21 suppressed HSC activation via PTEN. Further study demonstrated that microRNA-181b (miR-181b) was involved in the effects of lincRNA-p21 on HSC activation. The effects of lincRNA-p21 on PTEN expression and HSC activation were inhibited by miR-181b mimics. We demonstrated that lincRNA-p21 enhanced PTEN expression by competitively binding miR-181b. In conclusion, our results disclose a novel lincRNA-p21-miR-181b-PTEN signaling cascade in liver fibrosis and suggest lincRNA-p21 as a promising molecular target for antifibrosis therapy.
Predicting Responses to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer: ACRIN 6691 Trial of Diffuse Optical Spectroscopic Imaging
Authors: Tromberg Bruce J. , Zhang Zheng , Leproux Anaïs , O'Sullivan Thomas D. , Cerussi Albert E. , Carpenter Philip M. , Mehta Rita S. , Roblyer Darren , Yang Wei , Paulsen Keith D. , Pogue Brian W. , Jiang Shudong , Kaufman Peter A. , Yodh Arjun G. , Chung So Hyun , Schnall Mitchell , Snyder Bradley S. , Hylton Nola , Boas David A. , Carp Stefan A. , Isakoff Steven J. , Mankoff David
Published: August 2016

The prospective multicenter ACRIN 6691 trial was designed to evaluate whether changes from baseline to mid-therapy in a diffuse optical spectroscopic imaging (DOSI)–derived imaging endpoint, the tissue optical index (TOI), predict pathologic complete response (pCR) in women undergoing breast cancer neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). DOSI instruments were constructed at the University of California, Irvine (Irvine, CA), and delivered to six institutions where 60 subjects with newly diagnosed breast tumors (at least 2 cm in the longest dimension) were enrolled over a 2-year period. Bedside DOSI images of the tissue concentrations of deoxy-hemoglobin (ctHHb), oxy-hemoglobin (ctHbO2), water (ctH2O), lipid, and TOI (ctHHb × ctH2O/lipid) were acquired on both breasts up to four times during NAC treatment: baseline, 1-week, mid-point, and completion. Of the 34 subjects (mean age 48.4 ± 10.7 years) with complete, evaluable data from both normal and tumor-containing breast, 10 (29%) achieved pCR as determined by central pathology review. The percent change in tumor-to-normal TOI ratio (%TOITN) from baseline to mid-therapy ranged from −82% to 321%, with a median of −36%. Using pCR as the reference standard and ROC curve methodology, %TOITN AUC was 0.60 (95% CI, 0.39–0.81). In the cohort of 17 patients with baseline tumor oxygen saturation (%StO2) greater than the 77% population median, %TOITN AUC improved to 0.83 (95% CI, 0.63–1.00). We conclude that the combination of baseline functional properties and dynamic optical response shows promise for clinical outcome prediction. Cancer Res; 76(20); 5933–44. ©2016 AACR.
White–Black Differences in Cancer Incidence, Stage at Diagnosis, and Survival among Adults Aged 85 Years and Older in the United States
Authors: Krok-Schoen Jessica L. , Fisher James L. , Baltic Ryan D. , Paskett Electra D.
Published: August 2016

Background: Increased life expectancy, growth of minority populations, and advances in cancer screening and treatment have resulted in an increasing number of older, racially diverse cancer survivors. Potential black/white disparities in cancer incidence, stage, and survival among the oldest old (≥85 years) were examined using data from the SEER Program of the National Cancer Institute.

Methods: Differences in cancer incidence and stage at diagnosis were examined for cases diagnosed within the most recent 5-year period, and changes in these differences over time were examined for white and black cases aged ≥85 years. Five-year relative cancer survival rate was also examined by race.

Results: Among those aged ≥85 years, black men had higher colorectal, lung and bronchus, and prostate cancer incidence rates than white men, respectively. From 1973 to 2012, lung and bronchus and female breast cancer incidence increased, while colorectal and prostate cancer incidence decreased among this population. Blacks had higher rates of unstaged cancer compared with whites. The 5-year relative survival rate for all invasive cancers combined was higher for whites than blacks. Notably, whites had more than three times the relative survival rate of lung and bronchus cancer when diagnosed at localized (35.1% vs. 11.6%) and regional (12.2% vs. 3.2%) stages than blacks, respectively.

Conclusions: White and black differences in cancer incidence, stage, and survival exist in the ≥85 population.

Impact: Continued efforts are needed to reduce white and black differences in cancer prevention and treatment among the ≥85 population. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(11); 1517–23. ©2016 AACR.
Complement-Regulatory Proteins CFHR1 and CFHR3 and Patient Response to Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibody Therapy
Authors: Rogers Laura M. , Mott Sarah L. , Smith Brian J. , Link Brian K. , Sahin Deniz , Weiner George J.
Published: August 2016

Purpose: Anti-CD20 mAb therapies, including rituximab and obinutuzumab (GA101), are common treatments for follicular lymphoma. In an effort to better understand the role of complement in mAb action, we recently performed germline SNP profiling on 142 follicular lymphoma patients and found rs3766404 genotype correlated with patient response to rituximab. To assess the role of three SNP-associated complement-regulatory proteins (CFH, CFHR1, and CFHR3) in clinical response to anti-CD20 mAb, we studied two cohorts of patients treated with anti-CD20 mAb.

Experimental Design: Cohorts included the Iowa/Mayo Lymphoma SPORE observational cohort of subjects with a new diagnosis of follicular lymphoma treated with rituximab and the GAUSS prospective randomized trial cohort of follicular lymphoma subjects randomized to receive single-agent rituximab or obinutuzumab. Circulating protein expression was measured for CFH, CFHR1, and CFHR3 and correlated to clinical outcome.

Results: rs3766404 genotype correlated with expression of the related downstream genes CFHR1 and CFHR3. Loss of CFHR1 expression correlated with inferior patient outcome in the observational cohort, but not in the GAUSS cohort. Loss of CFHR3 correlated with superior event-free survival in GAUSS subjects treated with obinutuzumab, but not rituximab.

Conclusions: We conclude that the relationship between complement-regulatory proteins CFHR1 and CFHR3 and response to anti-CD20 mAb therapy varies based on the specific anti-CD20 mAb used. We propose that CFHR3 is a candidate biomarker for obinutuzumab response. Further studies are needed to validate these findings and to better understand how complement pathways and complement-regulatory proteins impact on the efficacy of anti-CD20 mAb therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 23(4); 954–61. ©2016 AACR.
Exaggerated Increases in Microglia Proliferation, Brain Inflammatory Response and Sickness Behaviour upon Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation in Non-Obese Diabetic Mice
Authors: McGuiness Barry , Gibney Sinead M. , Beumer Wouter , Versnel Marjan A. , Sillaber Inge , Harkin Andrew , Drexhage Hemmo A.
Published: August 2016

The non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse, an established model for autoimmune diabetes, shows an exaggerated reaction of pancreas macrophages to inflammatory stimuli. NOD mice also display anxiety when immune-stimulated. Chronic mild brain inflammation and a pro-inflammatory microglial activation is critical in psychiatric behaviour. Objective: To explore brain/microglial activation and behaviour in NOD mice at steady state and after systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Methods: Affymetrix analysis on purified microglia of pre-diabetic NOD mice (8-10 weeks) and control mice (C57BL/6 and CD1 mice, the parental non-autoimmune strain) at steady state and after systemic LPS (100 μg/kg) administration. Quantitative PCR was performed on the hypothalamus for immune activation markers (IL-1β, IFNγ and TNFα) and growth factors (BDNF and PDGF). Behavioural profiling of NOD, CD1, BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice at steady state was conducted and sickness behaviour/anxiety in NOD and CD1 mice was monitored before and after LPS injection. Results: Genome analysis revealed cell cycle/cell death and survival aberrancies of NOD microglia, substantiated as higher proliferation on BrdU staining. Inflammation signs were absent. NOD mice had a hyper-reactive response to novel environments with some signs of anxiety. LPS injection induced a higher expression of microglial activation markers, a higher brain pro-inflammatory set point (IFNγ, IDO) and a reduced expression of BDNF and PDGF after immune stimulation in NOD mice. NOD mice displayed exaggerated and prolonged sickness behaviour after LPS administration. Conclusion: After stimulation with LPS, NOD mice display an increased microglial proliferation and an exaggerated inflammatory brain response with reduced BDNF and PDGF expression and increased sickness behaviour as compared to controls.
Potential Mechanism of Post-Acute Aortic Dissection Inflammatory Responses: The Role of mtDNA from Activated Platelets
Authors: Qin Chaoyi , Gu Jun , Qian Hong , Liu Ruiqi , Xu Fei , Li Yajiao , Xiao Zhenghua , He Qian , Hu Jia , Meng Wei
Published: August 2016

Background: Acute aortic dissection (AD) is a lethal cardiovascular disease with severe inflammatory complications. Considering the proinflammatory properties of plasma mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), we postulate that plasma mtDNA from activated platelets may be responsible for post-acute AD inflammatory responses. Methods: We consecutively enrolled 68 patients with acute AD as well as matched hypertensive and healthy participants. Blood samples were collected on admission for blood routine tests, mtDNA assay, and inflammatory cytokine analysis. A computed tomography scan was used to evaluate the extent of dissections. Results: Our results demonstrate that plasma mtDNA, platelet activation, and inflammatory levels were remarkably higher in acute AD patients than in hypertensive or healthy participants. These parameters were also higher in the Stanford A group than in the Stanford B group (p < 0.05). Bivariate correlation analysis demonstrated positive associations between mtDNA and inflammatory levels (tumor necrosis factor-α: r = 0.577; interleukin-6: r = 0.632), mtDNA and platelet activation (r = 0.642), and platelet activation and the extent of dissection (r = 0.635). Conclusion: Our study suggests that acute AD-induced tunica media exposure causes platelet activation, which leads to the initiation of inflammatory responses via the release of mtDNA into the circulation. Our study provides a novel fundamental basis and a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of post-AD inflammatory responses.
Neighbourhood Determinants of Caries Experience in Preschool Children: A Multilevel Study
Authors: Priesnitz M.C. , Celeste R.K. , Pereira M.J. , Pires C.A. , Feldens C.A. , Kramer P.F.
Published: August 2016

Objectives: To investigate the association between neighbourhood factors and decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) index among preschool children. Methods: The sample of this cross-sectional study comprised 1,110 children (0-5 years old) clustered in 16 official neighbourhoods of Canoas city, southern Brazil. Multilevel binomial models were used to estimate the association of contextual variables at neighbourhood level (Human Development Index, average income, and public primary health care units) with two oral health outcomes: decayed teeth (dt) and missing or filled teeth (mft), after adjusting for individual variables (gender, age, maternal education, equivalent household income logarithm, household, and point of care). Results: Overall, 24.9% of the sample had dental caries experience (dmft >0), and 92.3% of the dmft was untreated caries. There was no statistical significant association (p > 0.05) of contextual characteristics with the decay component. The teeth of children living in richer areas had 2.87 (95% CI: 1.05-7.86) times more chances of being treated (mft component). Variance attributed to neighbourhood level was estimated as 5.9% (p < 0.01) and 4.1% (p = 0.17) for dt and mft, respectively, in adjusted models. Conclusions: Intra-urban areas seem homogeneous, with small variability between neighbourhoods, having no contextual effect on untreated dental caries (dt). Contextual variables may influence treatment access (mft) through the use of dental services in preschool children.
Decreased Physical Activity Associated with Executive Dysfunction Correlates with Cognitive Impairment among Older Adults in the Community: A Retrospective Analysis from the Kurihara Project
Authors: Kobayashi Yoritoshi , Takahashi Yumi , Seki Takashi , Kaneta Tomohiro , Amarume Kenichi , Kasai Mari , Meguro Kenichi ,   members of the Kurihara Project
Published: August 2016

Background/Aims: No previous studies have explored the relationship between physical activity (PA) and executive dysfunction. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the PA for 590 older participants in the Kurihara Project; 221 participants had a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) of 0 (healthy), 295 CDR 0.5 (very mild dementia), and 74 CDR 1+ (dementia). Results: In the complicated task, whether the motor intensity was high (e.g. farming) or low (e.g. shopping), PA exhibited an inverse relationship with the CDR level. By contrast, for simple tasks with high intensity (e.g. walking), no CDR group differences were noted. For PA with low intensity (e.g. cleaning), the CDR 1+ group exhibited decreased levels. Conclusion: PA was related to the burden of executive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment; however, in patients with dementia, PA was related to both the burden of executive function and motor intensity.
Profilometric Quantification of Erosive Tissue Loss in Dentine: A Systematic Evaluation of the Method
Authors: Schlueter Nadine , Jung Katja , Ganss Carolina
Published: August 2016

Profilometry is established in erosion research. However, in the case of dentine, factors such as the demineralised organic matrix, desiccation effects, or type of measuring device may have an impact on the measurement results, which were investigated in the present study. Dentine specimens were eroded with citric acid (1%, pH 2.6) for 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min (n = 15 each). For each specimen, tissue loss was determined under various conditions - before/after enzymatic matrix removal, under standardised wet and desiccated (2/10 min) conditions - with non-contact and contact profilometry. In the presence of matrix, under wet conditions, non-contact profilometry revealed almost no tissue loss. Values (mean ± SD) ranged between 0.3 ± 0.7 µm (5 min) and 3.4 ± 1.5 µm (120 min). Contact profilometry increased values significantly (range: 2.9 ± 1.1 to 30.6 ± 5.8 µm). Desiccation (2 min) significantly increased values, except for 5 min of demineralisation, for non-contact profilometry (range: 0.8 ± 1.3 to 22.1 ± 5.5 µm), and decreased values for contact profilometry up to 15 min and increased them as from 90 min (range: 0.9 ± 1.2 to 33.0 ± 5.5 µm); results after 10 min of desiccation were comparable. After the removal of matrix, under wet conditions, values were distinctly higher (non-contact: 3.5 ± 0.8-55.5 ± 7.4 µm; contact: 4.2 ± 1.3-57.8 ± 8.1 µm). Desiccation (10 min) lowered values by about 2-5 µm due to specimen deformation. Bland-Altman comparisons of various outcomes revealed distinct significant proportional and relative biases. Loss of mineralised tissue cannot be adequately quantified in the presence of matrix. Desiccation leads to matrix shrinkage and specimen deformation. Most importantly, tissue loss values obtained in the presence or absence of matrix are not proportional. Therefore, if mineral status is the target criterion, matrix removal and moisture control are prerequisites.
Sex Reversal in Non-Human Placental Mammals
Authors: Parma Pietro , Veyrunes Frédéric , Pailhoux Eric
Published: August 2016

Gonads are very peculiar organs given their bipotential competence. Indeed, early differentiating genital ridges evolve into either of 2 very distinct organs: the testis or the ovary. Accumulating evidence now demonstrates that both genetic pathways must repress the other in order for the organs to differentiate properly, meaning that if this repression is disrupted or attenuated, the other pathway may completely or partially be expressed, leading to disorders of sex development. Among these disorders are the cases of XY male-to-female and XX female-to-male sex reversals as well as true hermaphrodites, in which there is a discrepancy between the chromosomal and gonadal sex. Here, we review known cases of XY and XX sex reversals described in mammals, focusing mostly on domestic animals where sex reversal pathologies occur and on wild species in which deviations from the usual XX/XY system have been documented.
Insulinotropic Effects of Whey: Mechanisms of Action, Recent Clinical Trials, and Clinical Applications
Authors: Adams Rachel L. , Broughton Kenneth Shane
Published: August 2016

Background: The insulinotropic effect of whey protein is not fully understood and has clinical implications in the regulation of chronic and acute hyperglycemia. Summary: This review describes the composition of whey protein and potential mechanisms through which whey exerts an insulinotropic effect, including increasing the gastric emptying rate, effect on incretin hormones particularly gastric inhibitory peptide and glucagon-like polypeptide-1, and whey's role as a dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor. Recent clinical evidence on the use of whey protein concentrate, isolate and hydrolysate in the management of type 2 diabetes and in the acute care adult population is reviewed. Key Messages: The mechanism through which whey protein exerts its insulinotropic effect is multifactorial. Increasing evidence supports the potential use of whey protein in medical/nutritional therapy to manage glycemia; however, additional research is needed to determine the most appropriate dose, form and delivery method for whey supplementation.
Genotype/Phenotype Analysis in 67 Chinese Patients with Gitelman's Syndrome
Authors: Liu Ting , Wang Cui , Lu Jingru , Zhao Xiangzhong , Lang Yanhua , Shao Leping
Published: August 2016

Background: Gitelman's syndrome (GS) is an autosomal recessive renal tubular disorder, which is caused by the mutations in SLC12A3. This study was designed to analyze the characteristics of the genotype and phenotype, and follow-up in the largest group of Chinese patients with GS. Methods: Sixty-seven patients with GS underwent SLCl2A3 analysis, and their clinical characteristics and biochemical findings as well as follow-up were reviewed, aiming to achieve a better description of GS. Additionally, the association of genotype and phenotype was explored. Results: Forty-one different mutations were identified within these 67 GS patients, including 11 novel mutations and 5 recurrent ones. Typical hypocalciuria and hypomagnesemia were not found in 6 (9%) and 8 (11.9%) patients, respectively. Male patients and those harboring severe mutations in both alleles had significant higher urinary fractional excretion (FE) of potassium, magnesium and chlorine. In addition, there were 2 patients who had chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73 m2) and 32 patients with abnormal glucose metabolism. Conclusions: We identified 41 mutations related to GS, containing 11 novel variants and 5 high-frequency ones, which should facilitate earlier and more accurate diagnosis of GS. FE of electrolytes in urine may be more sensitive in the phenotype evaluation and differential diagnosis than corresponding serum electrolytes. Hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia in GS were difficult to correct; however, spironolactone might be helpful for hypokalemia to some degree. Compared with normal people, patients with GS were at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
A Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled, Randomized Phase 1 Cross-Over Study with ALLN-177, an Orally Administered Oxalate Degrading Enzyme
Authors: Langman Craig B. , Grujic Danica , Pease Rita M. , Easter Linda , Nezzer Jennifer , Margolin Alexey , Brettman Lee
Published: August 2016

Background: Hyperoxaluria may result from increased endogenous production or overabsorption of dietary oxalate in the gastrointestinal tract leading to nephrolithiasis and, in some, to oxalate nephropathy and chronic kidney disease. ALLN-177 is an oral formulation of a recombinant, oxalate specific, microbial enzyme oxalate decarboxylase intended to treat secondary hyperoxaluria by degrading dietary oxalate in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby reducing its absorption and subsequent excretion in the urine. Methods: This double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized, cross-over, phase 1 study of ALLN-177 evaluated the tolerability of ALLN-177 and its effect on urinary oxalate excretion in 30 healthy volunteers with hyperoxaluria induced by ingestion of a high oxalate, low calcium (HOLC) diet. The primary end point was the difference in the mean 24-hour urinary oxalate excretion during the ALLN-177 treatment period compared with the placebo treatment period. Results: The daily urinary oxalate excretion increased in the study population from 27.2 ± 9.5 mg/day during screening to 80.8 ± 24.1 mg/day (mean ± SD) on the HOLC diet before introducing ALLN-177 or placebo therapy for 7 days. Compared to placebo, ALLN-177 treatment reduced urinary oxalate by 11.6 ± 2.7 mg/day, p = 0.0002 (least squares mean ± SD). Conclusions: In healthy volunteers, with diet-induced hyperoxaluria treatment with ALLN-177, when compared to placebo, significantly reduced urinary oxalate excretion by degrading dietary oxalate in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby reducing its absorption. ALLN-177 may represent a new approach for managing secondary hyperoxaluria and its complications.
The Influence of Age in the Relationship between Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Edentulism. The Atahualpa Project
Authors: Del Brutto Oscar H. , Mera Robertino M. , Zambrano Mauricio
Published: August 2016

Background: The association between edentulism and cerebral small vessel disease is controversial. We aimed to assess this relationship in community-dwelling older adults living in rural Ecuador. Methods: MRI was performed in 311 (81%) of 385 individuals ≥60 years enrolled in the Atahualpa Project. Participants were classified in 2 groups according to whether they have severe edentulism (<10 remaining teeth) or not. Using multivariate logistic regression and exposure effect models, we assessed whether edentulism correlated with severity of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), after adjusting for relevant confounders. Results: Mean age of participants was 70 ± 8 years (57% women). Severe edentulism was noticed in 152 (49%) individuals and moderate-to-severe WMHs in 81 (26%). In univariate analyses, moderate-to-severe WMHs were more common among edentulous individuals (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.13-3.16, p = 0.015). Such difference became non-significant in the logistic regression model (OR 1.65, 95% CI 0.91-2.99, p = 0.098); in this model, the single relevant covariate was age. A weighted exposure effect model revealed no association of severe edentulism with moderate-to-severe WMH (average exposure effect: 0.73, 95% CI -0.01 to 0.16, p = 0.10). Conclusion: The relationship between edentulism and diffuse subcortical damage of vascular might be explained by the high prevalence of both variables in older adults.
Costal Cartilages Do Not Overgrow in Patients with Pectus Excavatum
Authors: David Vlad-Laurentiu , Cerbu Simona , Haragus Horia , Popoiu Marius-Calin , Stanciulescu Corina-Maria , Cozma Gabriel , Burlacu Ovidiu , Boia Eugen-Sorin
Published: August 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not patients with pectus excavatum (PE) exhibit costal cartilage overgrowth compared to normal subjects. Materials and Methods: The computed tomography acquisitions of 32 patients with PE and 35 normal controls were analyzed. On axial images the length of the 4th-7th costal cartilages was measured to calculate the Haller index. The ratio between the length of the cartilages and the median of the transverse and longitudinal thorax diameters were recorded to account for anatomical variability. The length of the cartilages was compared between the PE and control subjects using the independent-samples t test. For patients with asymmetric PE the length of the 4th-7th costal cartilages was compared between the rotated and nonrotated sides. Results: The mean transverse and coronal thorax diameters were 233.29 ± 24.47 and 231.69 ± 22.47 mm for PE patients and 252.67 ± 37.25 and 238.64 ± 27.40 mm for controls, respectively, with no significant differences between the two groups (p = 0.816 and 0.145). The mean sagittal diameter (59.30 ± 14.21 mm) and Haller index (4.02 ± 1.34) in the PE group were significantly different from the controls (107.34 ± 19.59 and 2.2 ± 0.54 mm, respectively; p = 0.00). Actual and relative lengths of costal cartilages were similar in both PE subjects and controls for all 4 costal cartilages measured. In subjects with asymmetric PE, both relative and absolute costal cartilage lengths were similar on the rotated and nonrotated side. Conclusions: The length of the 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th costal cartilages was similar in PE patients and the control subjects. These was also similar between the rotated and nonrotated sides of the sternum in patients with asymmetric PE.
Key insights to understand the immunogenicity of FVIII products
Authors: Goudemand Jenny , Peyvandi Flora , Lacroix-Desmazes Sébastien
Published: August 2016

The treatment of haemophilia has made significant progress in recent decades, and patients are now being treated safely with great clotting products. However, inhibitor development remains the largest problem, particularly in children. Consequently, the haemostasis that was obtained with traditional clotting factors is not being achieved. Moreover, inhibitor complications translate into adult life and there are an increasing number of situations where adult patients with an inhibitor require major surgery but the clinician is faced with the knowledge that required haemostasis levels are difficult to achieve. Therefore, it is of upmost importance to consider factors relating to inhibitor development, and to determine how inhibitors can be prevented and/or eliminated. Of the various factors at play with regard to inhibitor development, it is important to consider the immunogenicity of factor VIII (FVIII) products, and this topic is the focus of the current paper.
Contemporary issues in the management of von Willebrand disease
Authors: Königs Christoph , James Andra , Federici Augusto
Published: August 2016

Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder. Bleeding scores in VWD, focused in particular on mucosal bleeding, can be very useful in the diagnosis and validation of different types of treatment. The results of an extended prospective study with a large amount of information on clinical phenotype and implications in treatment are reviewed in this article. Treatment of mucosal and joint bleeding in severe VWD remains difficult in some patients. Due to the lack of data on the use of prophylaxis in these patients it is difficult to establish optimal treatment regimens. An overview of the literature, with a focus on the ongoing PRO.WILL study, is provided here. Furthermore, understanding the changes in von Willebrand factor (VWF) levels during pregnancy is very important for establishing the optimal management strategy for pregnancy and delivery in women with VWD. A recently published prospective observational cohort study in women with and without VWD during the postpartum period provides important data that should allow the improvement of postpartum treatment protocols.
The Academic Advising and the Learning Diary as resources for the development of autonomy in the context of teaching and learning German as a Foreign Language
Authors: Ferreira Mergenfel , Marques-Schäfer Gabriela
Published: August 2016

This article advocates the need for a work dedicated to the development of autonomy strategies that can contribute to the awareness of students of German as a Foreign Language on its importance in the learning process at the university context. To this purpose, a survey was developed under graduate students of German at a university in Rio de Janeiro, in order to investigate the influence of the use of methodological resources such as the individual advising and the learning diary over their perception of aspects related to autonomous learning and the central role of learners in the learning/ acquisition process of German as Foreign Language. Thus, this work will discuss not only the results of this research, but will also present the main theoretical assumptions that guided the data analysis
Paula Ludwig: "Aus Berlin emigriert 1933! 13 Jahre Brasilien; 1953 Heimkehr – fatal!"
Authors: Quandt Christiane
Published: August 2016

Die Österreichische Dichterin Paula Ludwig ist eine tragische Figur der Exilgeschichte deutschsprachiger Autoren in Brasilien. Der vorliegende Artikel behandelt den Weg der Autorin, die am Verlust ihrer Liebe, Iwan Goll, und vor allem ihrer Sprache nahezu zerbricht. Anhand verschiedener Stationen, Publikationen und anderen Lebensereignissen wird ihr Werdegang nachvollzogen. Hier soll es primär um die von der Exilerfahrung geprägte persönliche Geschichte einer Dichterin gehen, die ein nahezu vergessenes lyrisches Erbe hinterlassen hat, das womöglich weitaus bedeutender hätte ausfallen können
Brazilian literature written in German, and its criticism
Authors: Sousa Celeste Ribeiro de
Published: August 2016

This text aims to divulge a chronological and commented panorama of the critical studies published about the literature produced by German-speaking immigrants and their descendants in Brazil, arguing that this is a partial critique. This text also aims to emphasize the need to draw attention to this field of research. Nowadays, in addition to the poetic approach, other critical perspectives, such as cultural studies, imagology and memory studies, open new horizons. The encouraging words of Boris Fausto in Fazer a América (1999) must be taken into consideration as well as the support positions of Wander de Melo Miranda in Nações literárias (2010). According to Melo Miranda for example we could say that the literary production in German in Brazil belongs to the Brazilian culture and is a literary nation within this country
Luís e Antônio Xavier de Jesus: trajetórias de africanos entre a Bahia e o Golfo do Benim, no século XIX
Authors: Falheiros Elaine Santos
Published: August 2016

Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir alguns aspectos sobre as trajetórias de vida dos africanos Luís e Antônio Xavier de Jesus. Após anos vivendo na Bahia como escravo e uma vez conquistada a liberdade, Luís Xavier tornou-se um liberto rico e próspero. Em 1835, ele foi acusado de ter participado da revolta escrava, ocorrida em janeiro daquele ano. Ele foi preso e finalmente expulso do Brasil em novembro. Após partir para a África, Luís Xavier solicitou, insistentemente, o seu retorno à Bahia, para liquidar negócios deixados aos cuidados de seu ex-escravo, o também africano, Antônio Xavier de Jesus, mas nunca conseguiu regressar ao Brasil. Antônio Xavier, nomeado seu herdeiro universal, era também um dos receptadores de escravos africanos que Luís enviava ilegalmente da Costa da África, depois de 1835. Antônio herdou alguns dos bens do seu ex-senhor, envolveu-se em conflitos e demandas judiciais ao longo da vida, o que também será objeto de análise do presente artigo.
Homens de Letras: intelectuais negros no Brasil imperial
Authors: Felipe Adilson Ednei
Published: August 2016

Homens e mulheres negros traçaram diversificadas estratégias de ascensão durante o século XIX, em pleno regime escravocrata. Dentre estas estratégias, cabe destacar o envolvimento com a produção gráfica – como autores ou editores. Este artigo visa a exposição de alguns representantes de uma elite intelectual negra e uma possível apreensão de alguns elementos que criaram condições para que tal grupo existisse.
Epistemología del Sur: una visión descolonial a los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible
Authors: Ruano Javier Collado
Published: August 2016

O objetivo de pesquisa do presente artigo é identificar as diferentes perspectivas epistemológicas e metodológicas que tem emergido desde o Sul global. Aborda-se também o surgimento da globalização e os processos transfronteiriços da mudança climática a partir da chamada “epistemologia do Sul”. Como resultado, a necessidade de criar pontes transculturais entre os povos do mundo para superar a encruzilhada paradigmática onde estamos como sistema-mundo, com o fim de alcançar os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável estabelecidos pelos manifestos das Nações Unidas do ano 2030.
Shrek e Bauducco chegam à corte: novas narrativas de crianças como sujeitos de direito e a decisão paradigmática do superior tribunal de justiça brasileiro sobre propaganda dirigida ao público infantil
Authors: Nassar Paulo , Andreucci Ana Claudia Pompeu Torezan
Published: August 2016

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as novas narrativas presentes na decisão judicial do Superior Tribunal de Justiça brasileiro acerca da campanha publicitária dirigida ao público infantil “É hora de Shrek”, da Empresa Bauducco à luz dos princípios protetivos estabelecidos pela Constituição Federal de 1988 e Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente.
O estudo de representações publicitárias sob uma perspectiva histórica: desafios e apontamentos metodológicos
Authors: Mazetti Henrique
Published: August 2016

O objetivo do trabalho é refletir sobre as opções e os desafios metodológicos envolvidos em pesquisas que se propõem a elaborar análises das representações publicitárias sob uma perspectiva histórica. Inicialmente, são identificados alguns dos protocolos metodológicos tipicamente empregados no estudo da publicidade e também em sua interface com a história. Em seguida, discute-se possibilidade de articulação de métodos quantitativos e qualitativos na pesquisa sobre publicidade. O artigo se encerra com algumas considerações acerca dos potenciais e dos limites da proposta metodológica apresentada.
Publicidade midiática e memórias de elefante
Authors: Cezar Silva Dos Santos Luiz LZ
Published: August 2016

A publiCIDADE como um conceito de publicização dos espaços públicos é o foco da discussão do presente artigo. O corpus de análise é composto por cartazes com a ilustração antiga de um elefante contendo a frase “A Revolução não será televisionada” espalhados na Avenida Paulista na cidade de São Paulo. Os cartazes servem como peças ilustrativas de mensagens críticas contra a mídia. A análise perpassa a publiCIDADE e suas relações imagéticas com as memórias do cotidiano expressas nas ruas e avenidas das grandes metrópoles, instaurando o diálogo entre Publicidade, memória e cidade.
Do consumo de marcação à marcação do consumo: #riachuelo e a moda midiatizada
Authors: Souza Lívia Silva de
Published: August 2016

O consumo midiatizado caracteriza-se pela crescente relevância da mídia na formação de práticas de consumo (Trindade e Perez, 2014). Na circulação nas redes digitais, tais práticas se manifestam de formas singulares, na passagem de uma sociedade do consumo de marcação (Douglas e Isherwood, 2013) para uma sociedade centrada no consumidor, que cria sentidos nos seus usos e na marcação de seu consumo. Aqui, dirigimos nosso olhar para a marca de moda Riachuelo, a partir dos usos da hashtag #riachuelo na rede social Instagram.