bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three Genres of Indonesian Popular Music: Genre, Hybridity, and Globalization, 1960-2012
Authors: Yampolsky Philip
Published: June 2013

Artikel ini menguraikan riwayat tiga jenis musik populer Indonesia—kroncong, lagu stambul, dan gambang kromong—dari abad kesembilan belas sampai dengan abad kedua puluh satu. Ketiga jenis musik tersebut pernah menonjol di media massa (rekaman dan radio) pada zaman kolonial tetapi kemudian terpinggirkan, dan semuanya mengalami perubahan besar dalam hal konteks sosial dan penggemarnya. Artikel ini menelusuri ketiga jenis tersebut sebelum munculnya media massa, perkembangannya dalam pelukan media, dan riwayatnya sesudah sorotan media bergeser ke jenis-jenis lain.
The Sound and Spectacle of Dangdut Koplo : Genre and Counter-Genre in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Weintraub Andrew N.
Published: June 2013

Artikel ini mempelajari konsep sebuah genre dan kontra-genre melalui penelaahan pada sifat dan praktek bermusik dangdut koplo dan kaitannya dengan dangdut sebagai pendahulunya. Dangdut koplo (atau Koplo) adalah sebuah bentuk musik dangdut daerah yang berasal dari Jawa Timur. Bentuk dangdut daerah memperlihatkan tingkat kreatifitas artistik yang memadukan bahasa daerah, elemen musik, dan/atau pelaksanaan pertunjukannya. Dangdut koplo memiliki pola gendang yang khas, irama cepat, campuran genre musik lain, dan gaya berjoget yang erotis. Dangdut koplo muncul pada pertengahan tahun 1990-an bersamaan dengan perubahan situasi politik dan ekonomi, peningkatan akses pada teknologi, pengurangan produksi rekaman lokal, dan desentralisasi industri musik. Sebagai studi kasus, dangdut koplo memperlihatkan sebuah formasi genre musik baru pada era pasca reformasi Indonesia. Data penelitian berdasarkan pada studi lapangan yang dilakukan di daerah Jawa Timur, terutama Surabaya dan sekitarnya (Lamongan, Gresik, dan Sidoarjo), 2007–2012.
History, Modernity, and Music Genre in Indonesia: Popular Music
Genres in the Dutch East Indies and Following Independence
Authors: Wallach Jeremy , Clinton Esther
Published: June 2013

Esai pengantar ini membahas genre sebagai akar dari musik populer Indonesia. Hal ini menyarankan bahwa keberadaan beberapa hibridisasi kreatif liar yang dibuat oleh para musisi populer Indonesia ternyata dilatarbelakangi oleh sistem genre tripartit yang makro, yang terdiri dari musik dangdut/daerah, pop, serta underground/indie. Artikel-artikel dalam edisi khusus ini, yang menangani beragam jenis musik seperti dangdut koplo, campursari, indie, keroncong, dan jazz/etnik fusion , memakai berbagai pendekatan sejarah, musikologi, maupun etnografi pada genre musik di Indonesia dari jaman penjajahan sampai dengan jaman sekarang. Jika dibaca secara keseluruhan, artikel-artikel itu mengungkapkan kepentingan yang mendasar dalam musik Indonesia yang rumit dan secara berkelanjutan berhadapan dengan modernitas.
Fall Risk and Prevention Needs Assessment in an Older Adult Latino Population: A Model Community Global Health Partnership
Authors: Hanlin Erin R. , Delgado-Rendón Angélica , Lerner E. Brooke , Hargarten Stephen , Farías René
Published: June 2013

Background: The impact of falls in older adults presents a significant public health burden. Fall risk is not well-described in Latino populations nor have fall prevention programs considered the needs of this population. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to develop a needs assessment of falls in older adult Latinos at a community center (CC), determine fall prevention barriers and strengths in this population, determine the level of interest in various fall prevention methods, and provide medical students an opportunity for participation in a culturally diverse community project. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a convenience sample of older adult program participants. The survey was developed in collaboration with both partners. CC participants were approached by the interviewer and asked to participate. They were read the survey in their preferred language and their answers were recorded. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: We conducted 103 interviews. We found that 54% of participants had fallen in the last year, and of those 21% required medical care, 81% were afraid of falling again, and 66% considered themselves at risk for falling again. Of all respondents, 52% had 5 or more of the 10 surveyed risk factors for falling; 4% had no risk factors. Of all respondents, 75% were afraid of falling. Talking with health care providers and participating in an exercise class were the preferred methods of health information delivery (78% and 65%, respectively). Conclusion: Older adult Latinos in this selected population frequently fall and are worried about falling. Risk factors are prevalent. A fall prevention program is warranted and should include exercise classes and a connection with local primary care providers. A partnership between an academic organization and a CC is an ideal collaboration for the future development of prevention program.
"Making a Place of Respect": Lessons Learned in Carrying Out Consent Protocol With First Nations Elders
Authors: Baydala Lola T. , Worrell Stephanie , Fletcher Fay , Letendre Sherry , Letendre Liz , Ruttan Lia
Published: June 2013

Background: This article explores the issue of informed consent by First Nations Elders modifying and implementing a substance abuse prevention program for youth, Nimi Icinohabi , among the Alexis Nakota Sioux Nation. The Elders who approved and guided the research maintained that informed consent procedures carried out by the Western academic institutions were redundant given adherence to their own culturally based protocol. Objectives: The objective of this article is to present lessons learned regarding the cultural basis of consent involving First Nations Elders to improve our own and other researchers' ethical practice in this context. Methods: Two focus groups were held with our team of community and university-based researchers ( n = 6) to discuss our experience of the Elder consent procedures used during the project. Results: Elder involvement was integral to the success of the program. Using methods of consent originating from Western thought and given historical and ongoing issues of trust with Western institutions, signing consent forms was unacceptable to them and perceived as undermining their own ethical practices. An oral consent process utilizing cultural protocol and a tool to keep track of participation in this process was subsequently approved by our Research Ethics Board (REB) and used successfully. Conclusions: When researchers use standard informed consent practices, they risk losing the trust of community partners by undermining cultural values and practices. As academic researchers, it is our ethical responsibility, in the spirit of restorative justice, to honor the principles of beneficence and justice in research by ensuring consent within the context of cultural protocol.
Assessment of Oral Health Needs and Barriers to Care in a Gullah Community: Hollywood Smiles
Authors: Leite Renata , Hudson Christine , West Lynn , Carpenter Elizabeth , Andrews Jeannette O.
Published: June 2013

Objectives: To assess the oral health (OH) needs and barriers to OH care in Gullah African American communities. Methods: A community advisory board (CAB) was formed to guide the research study. Five focus groups ( n = 27 participants) were conducted to explore the OH needs/barriers. Participants completed demographic surveys and participated in discussions facilitated by open-ended questions. All sessions were audio-recorded, transcribed and analyzed using NVivo8. Results: Facilitators of OH included positive experiences and modeling. Fear and access to care were the most cited barriers. Tooth extraction was the dental treatment of choice. Intervention recommendations included improving clinic access, using the churches to socially influence receipt of OH care, providing group educational sessions with OH specialists, and having local "lay people" to provide support and help to navigate OH care systems. Conclusions: The design of a multilevel, culturally and locally relevant intervention may lead to a decrease in OH disparities in Gullah communities.
A Community-Based Wellness Program to Reduce Depression in African Americans: Results From a Pilot Intervention
Authors: Nicolaidis Christina , McKeever Corliss , Meucci Sandra
Published: June 2013

Background: African Americans are less likely than non-Hispanic Whites to find antidepressants acceptable or seek care for depression. Objective: To develop and pilot test a culturally tailored, community-based, psychoeducational wellness and exercise promotion program to reduce depressive symptoms in African Americans. Methods: Participants were African Americans with moderate depressive symptoms who were interested in exercise but were not exercising regularly. They attended a 6-week psychoeducational group program during which they set personal activity goals and learned depression self-management skills. We conducted pre- and postintervention surveys and postintervention feedback sessions. Results: Twenty-one African Americans participated in the intervention. The program had excellent attendance and satisfaction. We found a large reduction in depressive symptoms, with mean Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores dropping from 14.8 to 7.1 ( p < .0001), and increases in exercise and depression self-efficacy and behaviors. Conclusions: This pilot study offers promising preliminary evidence to inform further research on the use of community-based, culturally tailored wellness programs to address depression.
Building a Navigation System to Reduce Cancer Disparities Among Urban Black Older Adults
Authors: Bone Lee R. , Edington Kristen , Rosenberg Jessica , Wenzel Jennifer , Garza Mary A. , Klein Catherine , Schmitt Lisa , Ford Jean G.
Published: June 2013

Background: Although cancer outcomes have improved in recent decades, substantial disparities by race, ethnicity, income, and education persist. Increasingly, patient navigation services are demonstrating success in improving cancer detection, treatment, and care and in reducing cancer health disparities. To advance progress in developing patient navigation programs, extensive descriptions of each component of the program must be made available to researchers and health service providers. Objective: We sought to describe the components of a patient navigation program designed to improve cancer screening based on informed decision making on cancer screening and cancer treatment services among predominantly Black older adults in Baltimore City. Methods: A community-academic participatory approach was used to develop a patient navigation program in Baltimore, Maryland. The components of the patient navigation system included the development of a community academic (advisory) committee (CAC); recruitment and selection of community health workers (CHWs)/navigators and supervisory staff, initial training and continuing education of the CHWs/navigators, and evaluation of CHWs/navigators. The study was approved by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Institutional Review Board. Conclusions: The incorporation of community-based participatory research principles into each facet of this patient navigation program facilitated the attainment of the intervention's objectives. This patient navigation program successfully delivered cancer navigation services to 1,302 urban Black older adults. Appropriately recruited, selected and trained CHWs monitored by an experienced supervisor and investigators are the key elements in a patient navigation program. This model has the potential to be adapted by research and health service providers.
Assessing Follow-up Care After Prostate-Specific Antigen Elevation in American Indian / Alaska Native Men: A Partnership Approach
Authors: Tilburt Jon C. , James Katherine M. , Koller Kathryn , Lanier Anne P. , Hall Ingrid J. , Smith Judith Lee , Ekwueme Donatus U. , Nicometo Ann M. , Petersen Wesley O.
Published: June 2013

Background: Although many studies conducted among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations may help to advance medical science and lead to improvements in health and health care, historically few have endeavored to share their findings, benefits, and/or expected outcomes with the communities in which they are conducted. This perceived lack of responsiveness has contributed to a perception in some AI/AN communities that researchers are disrespectful and may not make community needs a priority. Objectives: In the context of a study assessing the care received by AI/AN men with incident elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, this paper describes our experience building collaborative relationships, planning, conducting analyses, and disseminating findings with four AI/AN communities. Methods: We established formal partnerships with three Northern Plains AI communities and one AN tribal health organization, convened a 12-member Community Advisory Board (CAB), and obtained study approvals from all necessary tribal and institutional review bodies before implementing our study. A menu of options for study implementation was given to key collaborators at each site. CAB members and collaborating tribes contributed to each phase of the study. After data analysis, results were shared with tribal and institutional leaders. Lessons Learned: Face-to-face communication, flexibility, and adaptability, as well as clearly defined, respectful roles contributed to the success of the study on the part of both the researchers and community partners. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the importance and feasibility of forging collaborative relationships with AI/AN community leaders in regions of Alaska and the Northern Plains in cancer control initiatives for AI/AN men.
Training Community Health Students to Develop Community-Requested Social Marketing Campaigns: An Innovative Partnership
Authors: Lindsey Billie J. , Hawk Carol Wetherill
Published: June 2013

Background: This paper describes a sustained partnership between a university community health program and local and regional community health agencies. As a key component of the Health Communication and Social Marketing course, the partnership involves undergraduate community health students working for and with community agencies and community members to design social marketing campaigns based on community-identified health needs. Objectives: The goals of the course are to (1) provide students with the opportunity to work within the community to apply their skills in program planning, evaluation, and communication and (2) provide community agencies with a tailored campaign that can be implemented in their communities. Methods: Throughout the 10-week quarter, teams of students follow the principles of community participation in planning a social marketing campaign. These include (1) audience segmentation and formative assessment with the intended audience to determine campaign content and strategies and (2) pretesting and revisions of campaign messages and materials based on community feedback. Conclusion: This partnership contributes to the promotion of health in the local community and it builds the skills and competencies of future health educators. It demonstrates a successful and sustainable combination of community-based participatory research and experiential learning. From 2005 to 2011, 35 campaigns have been developed, many which have been implemented.
Heart of Hypertension Project: Development of a Community-Based Prevention Program for Young African American Men
Authors: Savoca Margaret , Oakley Monica , Austin Anna , Wideman Laurie , Martinek Thomas , Carter Kevin
Published: June 2013

Background: Early-onset hypertension (HTN) is a major contributor to shortened life expectancy of African American men. Lifestyle changes are known to reduce blood pressure (BP); however, interventions tailored for young African American men have not been developed. Objectives: With a community partner, we developed and assessed a HTN education and lifestyle intervention for young African American men. Methods: A preliminary plan was presented to experts and to 18- to 22-year-old African American men, and revised based on their feedback. The revised plan (health screening and 6-week intervention) was tested with the focal group. Lessons Learned: Participants were enthusiastic about the program and suggested improvements included increasing individualized guidance, building on relationships, and defining the Heart of Hypertension community. Conclusions: The Heart of Hypertension Project holds promise for HTN prevention among young African American men. The next steps are to incorporate feedback from participants into the approach and evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention on lifestyle change and BP in young African American men with pre-HTN.
Community-Based Participatory Research and User-Centered Design in a Diabetes Medication Information and Decision Tool
Authors: Henderson Vida A. , Barr Kathryn L.C. , An Lawrence C. , Guajardo Claudia , Newhouse William , Mase Rebecca , Heisler Michele
Published: June 2013

Background: Together, community-based participatory research (CBPR), user-centered design (UCD), and health information technology (HIT) offer promising approaches to improve health disparities in low-resource settings. Objectives: This article describes the application of CBPR and UCD principles to the development of iDecide/Decido, an interactive, tailored, web-based diabetes medication education and decision support tool delivered by community health workers (CHWs) to African American and Latino participants with diabetes in Southwest and Eastside Detroit. The decision aid is offered in English or Spanish and is delivered on an iPad in participants' homes. Methods: The overlapping principles of CBPR and UCD used to develop iDecide/Decido include a user-focused or community approach, equitable academic and community partnership in all study phases, an iterative development process that relies on input from all stakeholders, and a program experience that is specified, adapted, and implemented with the target community. Results: Collaboration between community members, researchers, and developers is especially evident in the program's design concept, animations, pictographs, issue cards, goal setting, tailoring, and additional CHW tools. Conclusions: The principles of CBPR and UCD can be successfully applied in developing health information tools that are easy to use and understand, interactive, and target health disparities.
Translating Community-Based Participatory Research Principles Into Practice
Authors: Burke Jessica G. , Hess Sally , Hoffmann Kamden , Guizzetti Lisa , Loy Ellyn , Gielen Andrea , Bailey Maryanne , Walnoha Adrienne , Barbee Genevieve , Yonas Michael
Published: June 2013

Background: Although academics are trained in research methods, few receive formal training in strategies for implementing equitable community engaged research. Academics and their community partners can benefit from such direction and assistance as they establish and maintain community-based participatory research (CBPR) partnerships. Research partners from the University of Pittsburgh, the Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, and the House of Ruth Maryland, one of the nation's leading domestic violence centers serving Baltimore and the surrounding areas, joined together to design, implement, and evaluate a series of activities to increase local CPBR capacity. Objectives: This article provides an overview of process and findings from two CBPR workshops jointly held for academic and community members and explores specific suggestions from the workshop participants about how to put the CBPR principles into practice to promote community engaged research to address intimate partner violence (IPV). Methods: Twenty-four academic and community partners with experience addressing IPV participated in the two workshops. Facilitators led discussions based on the core CPBR principles. Participants were asked to interpret those principles, identify actions that could help to put the principles into practice, and discuss challenges related to CBPR approaches for IPV research. Observational notes and transcripts of the discussions and workshop evaluations are summarized. Results: The CBPR principles were interpreted and revised through consensus into common language that reflected the group discussion of the core CBPR principles. Workshop participants provided a range of actions for putting the principles into practice and identified the need for sensitivity in relation to IPV research. A majority of participants felt that the workshop generated novel ideas about how they could use CPBR in their own work. Conclusions: Translating CBPR principles into common, action-oriented language is a useful first step when building a new academic-community research partnership.
Exploring Cancer Screening in the Context of Unmet Mental Health Needs: A Participatory Pilot Study
Authors: Williams Abigail , Erb-Downward Jennifer , Bruzelius Emilie , O'Hara-Cicero Ellen , Maling Alison , Machin Lauren , Viera-Delgado Meiling , Valera Pamela , Maysonet Nicole , Weiss Elisa S.
Published: June 2013

Background: Cancer is the leading cause of preventable death in the Bronx, New York. Service providers in this mental health provider shortage area identified untreated mental illness as an important barrier to participation in cancer screening, a finding that supports existing literature. The Mental Health and Cancer (MHC) Connection partnership formed to investigate and address this issue. Objectives: We sought to use an ecological framework to examine barriers and facilitators to obtaining mental health services in the Bronx, and to explore how lack of access to mental healthcare affects cancer screening. Methods: In this community-based participatory research (CBPR)-driven pilot study, semistructured, qualitative interviews based on an ecological framework were conducted with 37 Bronx-based service providers representing a range of professional perspectives. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis and techniques from grounded theory. Results: Similar barriers and facilitators were reported for mental healthcare and cancer screening utilization across ecological levels. Providers emphasized the impact of urban poverty-related stressors on the mental health of their clients, and affirmed that mental health issues were a deterrent for cancer screening. They also recognized their own inability to connect clients effectively to cancer screening services, and rarely saw this as part of their present role. Conclusions: Findings highlight how unmet mental health needs can affect cancer screening in impoverished urban contexts. Participants recommended improving linkages across healthcare and social service providers to address mental health and cancer screening needs simultaneously. Study results are being used to plan a collaborative intervention in the Bronx through the MHC Connection partnership.
Writing the Personal: The Evolution of Assia Djebar’s Autobiographical Project from L’Amour, La Fantasia to Nulle Part Dans La Maison de Mon Père
Authors: Mortimer Mildred
Published: June 2013

Examining Djebar’s autobiographical project as a quest for truth—and an interrogation of “truth”—I chart the difficult process of self-disclosure in the three published texts of the Algerian Quartet: L’amour, la fantasia (1985) (Fantasia, An Algerian Cavalcade); Ombre sultane (1987) (A Sister to Scheherazade); Vaste est la prison (1995) (So Vast the Prison) then show that Nulle part dans la maison de mon père (2007) (No place in my father’s house), draws closer to the autobiographical pact. Probing the shift in Djebar’s autobiographical writing from a collective project to express community concerns to a singular voice, I argue that Nulle part dans la maison de mon père reformulates the writer’s trajectory as a circular movement, circling back to episodes of previous works, in the attempt to achieve a more truthful self
Iranian Women’s Life Narratives
Authors: Milani Farzaneh
Published: June 2013

In this article I consider the production, reception, co-optation, and market commodification of Iranian women’s life narratives. I argue that although life narratives in their western sense were literary misfits in Iran until the middle of the twentieth century, the genre has exploded in recent decades, especially in diaspora. I trace the trajectory of my own evolving views on autobiographies and biographies, and ask why, in the unprecedented flourishing of writings about Iran in the U.S., a category of books, which I label “hostage narratives,” portray the Iranian woman as a prisoner without parole and reprieve. I discuss four main factors that have contributed to the popular appeal of these best-sellers: the familiarity of captivity as a theme, the allure of life narratives generally, a relative lack of translated works from Iran (and other parts of the Middle East), and American audiences’ genuine desire to learn more about the region.
Miracles for the Marginal?: Gender and Agency in a Nineteenth-Century Autobiographical Fragment
Authors: Malhotra Anshu
Published: June 2013

In this article the question of agency is explored in the autobiographical fragment of a nineteenth-century poetess of Punjab, Piro. In this “pre-modern” text Piro portrays an enormous sense of self-worth and presents herself as loquacious and active. She simultaneously adheres to the norms of her bhakti devotional world where the guru was held in high esteem and often displayed his elevated status through miraculous interventions in earthly matters. Piro refers to such a marvelous encounter at a moment of crisis in her own life, attributing her redemption to the miraculous powers of the guru. Between Piro’s depiction of self-worth and her self-abnegation in front of the guru, how does one read her agency? This article views western understanding of agency in the genre of autobiographies, and also follows the critique of the western liberal feminist positions on the issue. It underscores the significance of context to understand women’s agency in different cultures.
Locating Women’s Autobiographical Writing in Colonial Egypt
Authors: Booth Marilyn
Published: June 2013

This article explores the often faint strains of autobiographical writing affixed to female signatures in Egypt as feminist discourse was emerging. Rather than focusing on discrete “autobiographies” it argues that autobiographical writing was submerged in other genres; yet these fragmentary texts provided grounding for later, more overt autobiographical writing. An analytics founded in caution, flexibility, and respect is appropriate to a time when the feminine signature itself was fluid or uncertain. Authors considered are ‘A’isha Taymur, Zaynab Fawwaz, and Mayy Ziyada.
Life/History/Archive: Identifying Autobiographical Writing by Muslim Women in South Asia
Authors: Lambert-Hurley Siobhan
Published: June 2013

For historians, the debates surrounding autobiography have focused on the question of reliability: can it be considered an appropriate historical source only when verified by “real” material from “real” archives? Scholars from other disciplines have been more interested in defining autobiography as a genre by asking if it can be distinguished from other literary forms. Far from hypothetical, these questions about where to draw the line are pertinent to the historian in the field faced with the very real problem of identifying materials. The problem seems compounded when the historian’s subject is Muslim women in South Asia, a group often characterized as silent and secluded and thus presumed not to write autobiography at all. As part of the task of “defining the genre,” this article considers the range of possibilities to be included under the labels of personal narratives, life histories, or, ultimately, autobiographical writing—from autobiographical biographies and biographical autobiographies to travelogues, reformist literature, novels, devotionalism, letters, diaries, interviews, and ghosted narratives. It raises questions about the nature of archives and the distinctiveness of women’s writing as these relate to nomenclature, structure, chronology, language, voice, and regional specificity.
Identities in Motion: Reading Two Ottoman Travel Narratives as Life Writing
Authors: Micallef Roberta
Published: June 2013

This article examines two travel narratives by two Ottoman women: Haremlik (1909) by Demetra Vaka Brown and A Turkish Woman’s European Impressions (1913) by Zeyneb Hanoum in order to understand how they represented themselves in a well-established field of harem literature. I ask how they constructed their autobiographical subjectivity. In their representation of life at home we see how memory interacts with the processes of identification and differentiation to illuminate the authors’ textual autobiographical subjectivity. I focus on three topics that both texts emphasize: education, life in the harem, and political participation. The narrators’ commentaries on these topics at times coincide, but more often are in conflict and reveal much about the relationship between their location, the historical moment, and their evolving autobiographical personas.
Whose Self-Determination? Barriers to Access to Emergency Hormonal Contraception in Italy
Authors: Ceva Emanuela , Moratti Sofia
Published: June 2013

In Italy, Emergency Hormonal Contraception (EHC) is a prescription drug, available only in pharmacies. Evidence suggests that a number of doctors and pharmacists refuse to provide EHC, on grounds of conscience, although the exact frequency of this phenomenon is unknown. This creates a barrier to access to EHC for women, thus risking undermining their right to reproductive self-determination. In this article, we aim to offer a clearer empirical and theoretical understanding of the situation and to assess the force of doctors’ and pharmacists’ claims against providing EHC. Unlike standard discussions of the issue, we argue that the category of conscientious objection is not the most appropriate one for making sense of these claims, because they are not grounded in a conflict between two contrasting moral duties. The seemingly forced choice between protecting doctors’ and pharmacists’ professional self-determination and women’s reproductive self-determination could be prevented by distributing EHC without medical prescription and in a number of outlets (including supermarkets), thus relieving doctors and pharmacists from the legal duty to provide it.
A Procedural, Pragmatist Account of Ethical Objectivity
Authors: Roth Amanda
Published: June 2013

This article offers a procedural, pragmatist account of objectivity in the domain of the good that is inspired by pragmatic and feminist critiques of objectivity in philosophy of science and epistemology. I begin by asking first what we want to capture—or ought to want to capture—with a notion of ethical objectivity and in answer to this question I identify four “points” to ethical objectivity: undergirding the possibility of mistakenness, making genuine disagreement possible, making sense of our appreciation of the ethical perspectives of others, and making possible a sense of ethical improvement or learning. I then lay out a process-based account of objectivity in ethics that makes good on the four points I have identified. Finally, I consider worries related to convergence, bias, and ontology and defend the procedural, pragmatist account in light of those potential objections.
Autism Spectrum Disorders, Risk Communication, and the Problem of Inadvertent Harm
Authors: Rossi John , Newschaffer Craig , Yudell Michael
Published: June 2013

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are an issue of significant and growing importance to the field of public health. The prevalence of ASDs is rising, and these disorders significantly impact the quality of life of affected persons and their families. Though the etiology of ASDs has long been poorly understood, in recent years, studies are revealing genetic and environmental risk information about ASDs, with much more risk information expected to follow from scientific studies currently underway. The availability of this risk information raises questions about whether and how it should be communicated to individuals, families, and the public at large. One ethical issue of particular concern with ASD risk communication is the possibility that it may cause inadvertent harm to risk message recipients. Here we review the emerging picture of ASD risk, discuss some ways in which it may lead to inadvertent harm, and suggest some future directions for risk communication research and practice that might help to address this issue.
Llamas and Alpacas as “Sheep” in the Colonial Andes: Zoogeography Meets Eurocentrism
Authors: Gade Daniel W.
Published: June 2013

Los españoles y otros europeos idearon a las llamas y alpacas de los Andes como ovinos. Al ser considerados “carneros de la tierra” o “ovejas de la tierra,” las particularidades zoológicas de estos animales fueron ignoradas. No obstante, en el siglo XVIII, la ciencia clasificadora de Linneo volcó la fórmula eurocéntrica para reubicar los llamados auquénidos en la familia camélida. De allí en adelante, la llama y la alpaca como vocablos entraron en los léxicos de las principales lenguas europeas. La predominancia durante dos siglos de esta analogía zoológica falsa puede considerarse como ejemplo histórico de la imposición de la epistemología europea en su contacto con los pueblos colonizados de América. Perspectivas coloniales suministran una base para entender la actualidad y el futuro.
Sustainable Development in Costa Rica: A Geographic Critique
Authors: Herrera-Rodríguez Mauricio
Published: June 2013

Este artículo propone una conceptualización del desarrollo como un proceso geográfico que necesita de lugares como instrumentos para materializar visiones particulares sobre lo que debe existir. Esta conceptualización críticorealista se complementa con aportes de la geografía marxista para mapear las transformaciones geográficas desiguales asociadas al paradigma neoliberal que permea la práctica del desarrollo en Costa Rica y alrededor del mundo. El artículo identifica explícitamente los valores y actitudes en los que se fundamentan tanto el neoliberalismo como el ambientalismo, y que legitiman y forman parte fundamental del modelo costarricense de desarrollo sostenible y sus consecuencias. El texto concluye que esta mezcla contradictoria y contraproducente ha creado una geografía nacional fragmentada dónde conservación, crecimiento económico y turismo coexisten con degradación ambiental y miseria.
From Travel to Tourism: Harry Franck’s Writing on Mexico (1916–1940)
Authors: Driever Steven L.
Published: June 2013

Desde los primeros años de la República, los estadounidenses han consumido una literatura de viajes susceptible de traerles el mundo a casa. Mientras que los primeros relatos de viajes se dirigían a viajeros imaginarios atraídos por cuentos de aventuras, en el decenio de 1930, en cambio, la llegada del turismo de masas, con un llamado a documentales de interés turístico, podía servir como base a nuevos itinerarios. Siguiendo las tendencias de este género, Harry Franck, el más prolífico escritor norteamericano de viajes, publicó cuatro libros, entre 1916 y 1940, en su mayor parte sobre México. Exploro cómo nuestro escritor viajó y cómo retrató tierras y poblados mexicanos, enfocándome asimismo en la vertiente literaria de sus obras. En todos los libros de Franck, México está dividido en tres regiones diferentes: la Meseta Mexicana, las tierras bajas tropicales y el Yucatán. En la más amplia escala se consideraba a México como “la tierra de los indígenas” con un barniz de americanización e hispanidad.
Ecuadorian State-Capacity Building through Territorial Strategic Asset Management
Authors: Narins Thomas P.
Published: June 2013

Aunque el tamaño territorial y económico es un importante factor geográfico en la determinación de la importancia política y económica de determinados países latinoamericanos, la toma de decisiones internas en los países más pequeños, como el Ecuador, es también instructiva para destacar las formas en que la geopolítica se está desarrollando en la región. El presidente Rafael Correa ha tratado de fortalecer la capacidad del Estado ecuatoriano, haciendo uso de los “activos territoriales estratégicos” geográficamente arraigados como un medio de posicionamiento del Estado dentro de marcos político-económicos regionales y trans-regionales, y así prestar importancia al Ecuador como un actor económico y político en su propio derecho.
Areas de Atención Prioritaria en México: una óptica medioambiental
Authors: Manent Manuel Bollo , Hernández Santana José R. , Méndez Linares Ana P.
Published: June 2013

According to the Regulation of the General Law of Ecological Equilibrium and Protection to the Environment (Spanish acronym LGEEPA), areas with ‘priority of attention’ within a territory are defined as zones presenting environmental conflicts due to antagonistic sectorial activities and areas which, due to their characteristics, deserve immediate environmental attention. The Program of General Ecological Planning of the Territory establishes these areas based on two indicators: the level of inter-sectorial conflict, which is defined in regional workshops with the participation of Federal Public Administration institutions, and the present state of the environment of 145 biophysical environmental units (BEUs) in the Mexican territory that are evaluated by means of 16 indicators of biophysical degradation, anthropic modification and socioeconomic situation. The sum total of inter-sectorial conflicts by BEU allowed the establishment of five categories (null to very high). Based on these categories, five levels of priority of attention were determined. The level of priority of attention is very high in 0.90 percent of the country’s surface, high in 6.75 percent, medium in 39.40 percent, low in 21.81 percent and 31.14 percent of the national territory of Mexico currently does not need attention.
The Drowned Prostitute: National Development, Public Morality, and the Shifting Geography of Sexual Commerce in Alto Paraná, Paraguay, 1974–1982
Authors: White John Howard
Published: June 2013

La construcción de la mayor represa hidroeléctrica del mundo, Itaipú Binacional, trajo un número sin precedente de trabajadores migrantes a la frontera del Alto Paraná. Al mismo tiempo, cientos de mujeres también llegaron para trabajar en las zonas de proliferación del comercio sexual. Las autoridades locales luchaban por mantener el orden en un período de rápida transformación de las comunidades fronterizas. Sin embargo, la muerte de una trabajadora sexual en 1979, desató un debate nacional sobre el papel apropiado del comercio sexual en el esquema más grande del país de desarrollo nacional y la controversia local cambió la distribución de la prostitución en las comunidades fronterizas.
The History and Disappearance of Glaciers in Venezuela
Authors: Braun Carsten , Bezada Maximiliano
Published: June 2013

La desaparición de los glaciares en Venezuela es narrada cronológicamente a través de una extensa recopilación y análisis de la literatura científica, mapas y fotografías históricas. Un análisis de datos climáticos y mapeo GPS en 2009 y 2011 proporcionan el contexto moderno del único remanente glacial presente. La recesión glacial venezolana durante el siglo veinte es similar a otras partes de América del Sur y en consonancia con los efectos previstos del cambio climático regional. Hoy en día, solo un glaciar con una superficie de aproximadamente 0.1 km 2 queda en los Andes venezolanos cerca la ciudad de Mérida, este probablemente desaparecerá en la presente década. Sin embargo, la falta de datos sobre el balance de masa de este glaciar limita nuestra capacidad de apreciar la historia de los glaciares en Venezuela y un programa de monitoreo integral se necesita con urgencia antes de que Venezuela se convierta en un país totalmente libre de hielo glacial.
“Nosotras también hacíamos descenso”: Rescatando la participación de las mujeres en el descenso de río con fines turísticos y deportivos en Jalcomulco (Veracruz, México)
Authors: Carrión Isis Arlene Díaz
Published: June 2013

Gender studies aim to make visible processes that generate differences between men and women. In geography, gender mainstream allows the identification of different time and space uses as a consequence of gender. Rafting is a masculine tourist and sport activity that takes advantage of social norms and gender stereotypes in Jalcomulco; however, it is also a space where women can perform the construction of newer and richer identities.
La construcción social del espacio y los componentes de la satisfacción en el programa urbano “Bando Dos” en la Ciudad de México
Authors: Celis María del Pilar Fuerte , Villarroel Sazcha Marcelo Olivera
Published: June 2013

This article presents multiple points of view about the urban development project Bando Dos of Mexico City and the conflicts involved in its implementation. It transformed the urban landscape of Mexico City by limiting housing construction in the outlying areas of the city, while encouraging it in downtown zones. The study analyzes urban re-densification in those districts and barrios with infrastructure and underused public services that were losing population. However, while it does not directly analyze the perceptions of satisfaction or discomfort that the program has generated among residents of these districts, it leads us to understand what are the conditions that the new downtown residents perceive as critical to building a better city.
Tonosyntax and reference restriction in Dogon NPs
Authors: Heath Jeffrey , McPherson Laura
Published: June 2013

Lexical tone melodies of words and word strings in Dogon languages are overridden by syntactically conditioned word-level or broader tone overlays. In Ben Tey and other Dogon languages, certain NP-internal elements—possessors, adjectives, relative clauses, demonstratives—are controllers, imposing overlays such as {L} and {HL} on adjacent words or word strings (the targets). Other elements (nonsingular quantifiers, discourse-functional morphemes) do not control overlays. The semantic generalization is that reference restrictors are controllers, while non-reference restrictors are not. Tonosyntactic processes have access to input stem-class categories and semantic/pragmatic groupings thereof, input phonological features (tone of the adjacent edge of the controllers), prosodic weight of the target, and, with possible minor exceptions, linear adjacency. Such operations can only be accounted for in a model of grammar with an enriched syntax-phonology interface.
Tonal alignment is contrastive in falling contours in Dinka
Authors: Remijsen Bert
Published: June 2013

This study investigates a contrast in tonal alignment that involves falling contours in Dinka. This contrast calls into question the assumption that tonal alignment cannot distinguish contour tones of the same shape within the syllable domain (e.g. Odden 1995). A qualitative description and a small-scale perception study are followed by a detailed production study. The results indicate that the main correlate of the contrast is indeed tonal alignment: the early-aligned fall sets in during the onset or early in the vowel; the late-aligned fall sets in well into the vowel. The production study also suggests that it is unlikely for more than two patterns of alignment in contour tones of the same shape to be accurately produced and perceived, given various phonetic limitations. The contrast is represented phonologically using a binary feature. This representation is adequate in an explanatory sense, in that the category boundary is in line with the quantal threshold hypothesized in House 1990. The results also corroborate the hypothesis of three-level vowel length in Dinka.
The role of multiple sources in the formation of an innovative auxiliary category in Light Warlpiri, a new Australian mixed language
Authors: O'Shannessy Carmel
Published: June 2013

Light Warlpiri, a new Australian mixed language combining Warlpiri (Pama-Nyungan) with varieties of English and/or Kriol that has emerged within approximately the last thirty-five years, shows radical restructuring of the verbal auxiliary system, including modal categories that differ from those in the source languages. The structure of Light Warlpiri overall is that of a mixed language, in that most verbs and some verbal morphology are drawn from English and/or Kriol, and most nominal morphology is from Warlpiri. Nouns are drawn from both Warlpiri-lexicon and English-lexicon sources. The restructuring of the auxiliary system draws selectively on elements from Warlpiri and several varieties and styles of English and/or Kriol, combined in such a way as to produce novel constructions. It may be that when multiple sources provide input to a rapidly emerging new system, innovative categories are likely to appear.
(Non)integrated evaluative adverbs in questions: A cross-Romance study
Authors: Mayol Laia , Castroviejo Elena
Published: June 2013

The goal of this article is to analyze the semantic contribution of evaluative adverbs (EAs) such as unfortunately in several languages of the Romance family, namely French, Catalan, and Spanish. Following Bonami and Godard (2008), we propose to analyze EAs as items that convey projective meaning in order to explain their peculiar semantic behavior (they cannot be directly denied, do not change the truth conditions of the proposition they evaluate, and are not factive) and their unacceptability in negative assertions. Unlike what has been claimed for many other languages, French allows EAs in questions, and we show that Catalan and Spanish do too, as long as some conditions are met. We propose an account that derives their interpretation in both assertions and questions: integrated French EAs take the proposition to their right, and if they appear in a WH -question, their interpretation is similar to that of unconditionals. In contrast, nonintegrated EAs in Catalan and Spanish have scope over a set of propositions, and are acceptable in questions only if the speaker is biased toward one of the propositions in the set denoted by the question. The acceptability of EAs in such questions, rejected by previous literature, is confirmed by an experimental study.
Neurophysiological evidence for morphological underspecification in German strong adjective inflection
Authors: Opitz Andreas , Regel Stefanie , Müller Gereon , Friederici Angela D.
Published: June 2013

In the present study we investigate the relevance of the concept of underspecified inflection markers for the processing of language in the human brain. Underspecification is recognized as the main source of syncretism in many current morphological theories. However, relatively little is known about its cognitive status. In underspecification-based theories, a competition among morphological exponents arises systematically. In order to win such a competition, an inflection marker has to meet two requirements: COMPATIBILITY and SPECIFICITY . If underspecification is real, these two principles should also be an inherent part of the language processing system. One should therefore be able to observe separable effects for the violation of each of the criteria. We used the event-related potential (ERP) violation paradigm to test this hypothesis in the domain of strong adjective inflection in German. We expected differences in brain potentials between two incorrect conditions whenever they represented different types of violation (of compatibility and specificity). Our findings strongly support underspecification: an ERP-component related to morphosyntactic integration (viz. left anterior negativity; LAN) was modulated by violations of specificity versus compatibility. Furthermore, the neurophysiological evidence helps to distinguish between two kinds of morphological underspecification that have been proposed: it argues for maximal rather than minimal underspecification. Finally, the observed brain responses indicate increased processing demands for highly specific markers, which suggests that LAN effects may be sensitive not only to morphosyntactic violations but also to the degree of processing effort.