bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolation and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli found in chilled chicken carcasses in the Federal District Region and surrounding areas
Authors: Silva Patricia Renault , Palma Joana Marchesini , Souza Nara Rubia , Moura Helenira Melo de , Perecmanis Simone , Santana Angela Patricia
Published: August 2019

This study aimed to isolate Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from chilled chicken carcasses marketed in the Federal District Region and surrounding areas, as well as to detect the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance and genes responsible for the same. A total of 105 chilled chicken carcasses were collected, of which 7 (6.67%) were positive for C. jejuni and 4 (3.81%) were positive for C. coli. These results were obtained using both the conventional microbiological isolation method and polymerase chain reaction assays. All of the positive strains were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing for seven antimicrobials. The resistance incidences found in the C. jejuni strains were as follows: 71.43% for tetracycline and nalidixic acid, 42.86% for streptomycin and gentamicin, 57.14% for ciprofloxacin and erythromycin, and 28.57% for chloramphenicol. Among the C. coli strains, 100% were resistant to tetracycline and streptomycin, 75% were resistant to erythromycin, 50% were resistant to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and nalidixic acid, and no strains were resistant to chloramphenicol. While analyzing the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes in the isolated C. jejuni strains, the aph3-1 (resistance to aminoglycosides), aadE (resistance to streptomycin), and tet(O) (resistance to tetracycline) genes were identified, with occurrence rates of 57.14%, 28.57%, and 42.86%, respectively, whereas in the C. coli strains, there was a 25% occurrence rate for both the aph3-1 and tet(O) genes. The aadE gene was not found in the C. coli isolates. The results of this study demonstrated the presence of C. jejuni and C. coli in chilled chicken carcasses marketed in the Federal District Region and surrounding areas, as well as the antimicrobial resistance and the presence of resistance genes in these bacteria, which may pose threats to public health.
A retrospective study of reproductive disorders in female dogs from the city of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Costa Alisson Souza , Silva Meire Ellen Mendes , Santos Thaisa Reis dos , Bisinoto Mariana Barbosa , Tsuruta Suzana Akemi , Borges Stefânia Beatriz Alves , Barbosa Sara Pedrosa Franco , Alves Aracelle Elisane , Mundim Antonio Vicente , Headley Selwyn Arlington , Saut João Paulo Elsen
Published: August 2019

Diseases of the reproductive system are common in both sexes in the most varied of species. In female dog, these diseases produce different degrees of morbidity and mortality and are influenced by environmental conditions, reproductive history, and previous drug treatments. Reproductive disease may have different consequences, ranging from the absence of clinical signs to the impairment of fertility. The objective of this study was to determine the causes of reproductive diseases in female dogs admitted to the Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Uberlândia, during a six-year period (2012-2017) and to identify the most frequently occurring diseases. Information relative to the species, age, breed, and sex of 32,944 were obtained for animals. Of these, 16,480 were female dogs and 1,185 were diagnosed with alterations to the reproductive system. The animals were divided into four groups according to age (puppies, young adults, adults, and old) and disease of the reproductive system (Group 1 - vaginal and vulvar alterations; Group 2 - alterations to the estrous cycle, ovary, and uterus; Group 3 - alterations to the gestational period and parturition). The highest occurrence of diagnoses (47%) was recorded in young adult female dogs (1 to 5 years old). The most frequent alterations in female dogs were pyometra (48.8%), dystocia (13.6%), and transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) (12.6%). Crossbred dogs were the most affected with alterations to the reproductive system, representing 60% of all the female dogs diagnosed with any pathologic alteration. In conclusion, a 7.2% occurrence of reproductive disorders shows the relevance of these diseases in small animals and suggests that new methods are needed for the prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of these disorders.
Economic analysis of strategic control program (5, 8, 11) for gastrointestinal nematodes in grazing beef cattle during the growing phase in Central Brazil
Authors: Conde Mário Henrique , Heckler Rafael Pereira , Borges Dyego Gonçalves Lino , Onselen Valter Joost Van , Brumatti Ricardo Carneiro , Borges Fernando de Almeida
Published: August 2019

This study aimed to analyze economically different control protocols for beef cattle gastrointestinal nematodes in Brazil. Field study data previously published was used to compare three groups: 1) non-dosed; 2) current deworming program with two doses - May and November; and 3) alternative strategic control program with three doses - May, August, and November. An economic sensitivity analysis was performed based on beef carcass price (BCP) variation, thus creating three economic scenarios: 1) more probable (M) using the mean BCP in the studied region; 2) optimistic (O) using the mean BCP plus standard deviation; and 3) pessimistic (P) using the mean BCP minus standard deviation. Stock valuation (SV), operational result (OP), and treatment differential (TD) were calculated for each scenario. Average BCP was US$ 2.93 kg-1 carcass (± US$ 0.27 kg-1 carcass). The mean annual cost of deworming per animal was US$ 5.43 and US$ 7.97 for protocols with two and three doses, respectively. The cost of anthelmintic treatment represented 0.63% and 0.74% of operating results, both in M scenario. TD ranged from 9.5% to 27.6% for the assessed protocols. Regardless of the scenario, the protocol with three annual dosages presented the highest SV and OP, which economically justifies its implementation in strategic control of gastrointestinal nematodes in grazing beef cattle in Central Brazil. These results also demonstrate the relevance of strategic anthelmintic treatments in weaned stocker calves in tropical and humid subtropical areas.
Morphogenesis and tiller density of Aruana grass managed at different heights under sheep grazing
Authors: Negri Renata , Santos Guilherme Batista dos , Macedo Vicente de Paulo , Silveira Magali Floriano da , Wlodarski Leticia , Kluska Sabrina
Published: August 2019

This study aimed to assess the morphogenic characteristics and tiller density of Aruana grass managed at different heights under sheep grazing. Aruana grass was managed at four mean heights (12, 15, 20, and 25 cm) distributed in a randomized block design with three replications, totaling 12 paddocks of 250 m² each. Twenty-four crossbred Dorper x Santa Inês lambs, with mean age and weight of 60 ± 15 days and 16.69 ± 2.70 kg, respectively, were randomly distributed in the treatments. Five tillers were demarcated per paddock for measuring morphogenic variables. A representative area in the paddock was used for counting the number of tillers. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed for leaf appearance rate, leaf elongation rate, stem elongation rate, leaf senescence rate, final leaf length, and leaf life span between the assessed heights. Phyllochron was longer at the height of 25 cm when compared to 15 and 20 cm (19.35, 12.11, and 12.75 days, respectively). The number of live leaves was higher at heights of 12, 15, and 20 cm when compared to 25 cm (3.99, 4.35, 4.15, and 2.86, respectively). The number of basal and aerial tillers presented no variation (P > 0.05) between canopy heights. Management heights from 15 to 20 cm allowed a higher number of live leaves and a shorter phyllochron in Aruana grass pastures managed for sheep. Canopy height management did not influence other morphogenic characteristics and tiller density.
Light interception, chemical, and productive characteristics of elephant grass subjected to different cutting intervals
Authors: Sânches Sâmara Stainy Cardoso , Rodrigues Rosane Cláudia , Araújo Ricardo Alves , Costa Clésio dos Santos , Santos Franscisco Naysson Sousa , Castro Francisco Martins de , Shigaki Francirose , Araújo Ivo Guilherme Ribeiro , Silva Ivone Rodrigues , Araújo Jocélio Santos
Published: August 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the interception of light (%IL), leaf area index (LAI), and the chemical and productive characteristics of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) under different defoliation frequencies (30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 days after cutting). The experimental design was completely randomized with five replications and five treatments (cutting frequencies). The chemical composition was analyzed in a factorial arrangement 2 ×5 (two fractions: leaf and stem, and five defoliation frequencies). The pattern of variation in IL and LAI in function of the frequency of cutting was ascending order. The maximum values of %IL and LAI occurred at 75 and 90 days after cutting with 98.46%; 98.72% (%IL) and 7.08; 8.10 (LAI), respectively. There was no effect of cutting frequency on the total yield of forage, leaf production, generation of stem and dead material, tillers alive, dead tillers and height. Only the leaf/stem ratio was not influenced (P > 0.05) among the factors studied. The frequency of cutting influenced (P < 0.05) the chemical composition, where decreased cutting frequency significantly increased the levels of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose, and ash in two fractions evaluated (leaf and stem); the crude protein content showed a decline from the moment the frequency of cutting was increased. The LAI, and productive and chemical characteristics of elephant grass were influenced by increased frequency of cutting. Limiting the cutting of the grass to 60 days implies an optimal point of production and quality.
Quality of leucaena, gliricidia, and pornunça silages with different old man saltbush levels
Authors: Voltolini Tadeu Vinhas , Belem Kaio Victor Justo , Araújo Gherman Garcia Leal de , Moraes Salete Alves de , Gois Glayciane Costa , Campos Fleming Sena
Published: August 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the quality of leucaena, gliricidia, and pornunça silages with different levels of old man saltbush inclusion in their composition. A completely randomized design was used with five levels of old man saltbush (Atriplex nummularia) inclusion (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) in leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala), gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium), and pornunça (Manihot sp.) silages, with 5 replications per treatment, totaling 75 experimental mini-silos maintained in a covered shed and free of opportunistic animals. Silos were opened after 100 days of ensilage, and the silage of the first 15 cm of their ends was discarded. The remaining material was homogenized and sampled for determining the bromatological composition, in vitro digestibility, and fermentation profile. Old man saltbush inclusion levels in leucaena silages promoted a negative linear effect for dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ethereal extract, pH, and ammoniacal nitrogen, while a positive linear effect was found for mineral matter, in vitro dry matter digestibility, total carbohydrates, non-fibrous carbohydrates, and propionic acid (P < 0.05). This silage also had a quadratic effect for lactic acid. Gliricidia silages showed a positive linear behavior for dry matter, mineral matter, and total carbohydrates, whereas organic matter, crude protein, and ethereal extract presented a negative linear behavior (P < 0.05). The contents of organic lactic, acetic, and propionic acids showed a quadratic effect for gliricidia silage as old man saltbush levels increased (P < 0.05). Regarding pornunça silage, dry matter, mineral matter, total carbohydrates, propionic acid, and butyric acid presented a linear increasing behavior, while organic matter, crude protein, ethereal extract, and non-fibrous carbohydrates presented a linear decreasing behavior (P < 0.05). Lactic acid and acetic acid concentrations for pornunça silage showed a quadratic behavior according to the increasing old man saltbush inclusion levels (P < 0.05). The highest contribution of old man saltbush in the silages promoted changes in the profile of organic acids, allowing an improvement in silage quality, favoring lactic fermentation rather than acetic fermentation. Butyric acid contents were low for all treatments and indicated the control of undesirable fermentation processes. These results indicate that old man saltbush inclusion in silage composition may contribute to bromatological composition and fermentation process of the studied silages.
Nutritional and morphostructural characterization of pre-dried winter grass silage
Authors: Simionatto Márcio , Maeda Emilyn Midori , Fluck Ana Carolina , Silveira Allan Patrick , Piran Filho Francisco Antônio , Paula Fabiana Luiza Matielo de , Costa Olmar Antônio Denardin , Mayer Lilian Regina Rothe , Macedo Vicente de Paulo
Published: August 2019

The aim was to evaluate the productive quality and fermentative as like the nutritional parameters of winter grass silage in the vegetative and reproductive stages in two consecutive crop years. The experiment was carried out at Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campus Dois Vizinhos, Brazil, from April 2012 to December 2013. The experimental field had a 560 m2 area; it comprised 32 plots of 16 m2 each, with a space of 0.5 m between blocks. Four winter grass species were used, including Avena sativa L. ‘IPR 126’ (white oat), Avena strigosa Schreb. ‘IAPAR 61’ (lopsided oat), Lolium multiflorum Lam. ‘Barjumbo’ (ryegrass), and Secale cereale L. ‘Temprano’ (rye), being evaluated through silage making in two phenological stages, vegetative and reproductive. The experimental design was randomized block in a bifactorial scheme (cultivar and phenological phase of pasture). The experimental materials were ensiled in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microsiles, with four replicates per treatment. Pre-drying and ensiling allowed the preservation of material quality. The highest yields of dry matter per hectare were obtained in the reproductive stage; however, the nutritive content at this stage was relatively lower when compared with vegetative. The rye presented relatively less variation of the nutritional composition between the studied phenological stages. The ash content of the forage influenced the pH of the silage, and the highest pH was verified at the vegetative stage. Even with pre-dehydration, the vegetative stage presented a greater loss of effluents than the reproductive stage.
Nutritional value of sugarcane silages added with different acetic acid doses
Authors: Jesus Diego Lucas Soares de , Rigueira João Paulo Sampaio , Monção Flávio Pinto , Alves Wagner Sousa , Moura Marielly Maria Almeida , Sales Eleuza Clarete Junqueira de , Silva Marcos Felipe Pereira da , Melo Jozelia Aparecida Ribeiro de , Santos Alexandre Soares dos , Rocha Júnior Vicente Ribeiro
Published: August 2019

The objective was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of acetic acid during the ensiling of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) on fermentation quality and nutritional value. The treatments consisted of sugarcane silages, variety (IAC 86-2480) additives with four inclusion levels of glacial acetic acid (1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 % in natural matter) plus the control. A completely randomized design was used, being 5 treatments and 6 replicates. The glacial acetic acid showed a pH 2.9 (0,1M). There was a reduction of 0.07 units in the pH of the sugarcane silage for each 1% inclusion of acetic acid (P < 0.01). The N-NH3 concentration was not modified in the ensiled mass of the treatments, with a mean of 0.45% in dry matter (P =0.91). The averages of effluent losses were adjusted to the quadratic regression model with the application of acetic acid (P < 0.01). There was a reduction in the yeast population in the order of 0.44 log UFC/g of silage (P < 0.01). The addition of acetic acid in sugarcane silage reduces fermentative losses, the yeast population and improves the nutritional value in doses from 1.5% of natural matter.
Ruminal degradation of dry matter, crude protein and fiber fraction of oilseed byproducts
Authors: Antunes Ana Paula da Silva , Pires Aureliano José Vieira , Teixeira Fábio Andrade , Carvalho Gleidson Giordano Pinto de , Corrêa Marcelo Mendes , Monção Flávio Pinto , Ribeiro Leandro Sampaio Oliveira , Dias Daniel Lucas Santos , Rocha Wéder Jânsen Barbosa , Tolentino Daniella Cangussu
Published: August 2019

The objective was to evaluate the rumen degradability of dry matter, crude protein and fiber fraction of some oilseed byproducts. Oilseed byproducts evaluated were: Sunflower Meal, Cotton Cake and Castor Bean Cake. The rumen degradability test was performed following a split plot randomized complete block design with three treatments (plots) and seven incubation times (subplots) and six blocks (animals). The readily soluble fraction of the dry matter of sunflower meal was 35.0% higher than the same fraction of cotton cake and castor bean cake (mean 24.46%, P < 0.01). The highest potential degradability of crude protein (P < 0.01) was verified in castor bean cake (96.90%, 5% rate of passage). Sunflower meal had the lowest insoluble fraction of the fiber fraction, 34.4%, compared to cotton cake and castor bean cake, with 64.4% and 39.4%, respectively (P < 0.01). Sunflower meal had the highest fiber effective degradability (25.2%). Sunflower meal presented better values of ruminal parameters of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber in relation to the other byproducts.
In situ degradability of elephant grass ensiled with acerola by-product
Authors: Ferreira Ana Cristina Holanda , Rodriguez Norberto Mario , Neiva José Neuman Miranda , Pimentel Patrícia Guimarães , Lopes Fernando César Ferraz , Gomes Silas Primola , Mizubuti Ivone Yurika , Pinto Andréa Pereira
Published: August 2019

This study evaluated the inclusion of increasing contents (0; 35; 70; 105 and 140 g kg-1) of dried acerola fruit (Malpighia glabra, Linn.) by-product (DABP) in the ensilage of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum.) considering the in situ degradability of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and hemicellulose. Plastic drums with 210 L capacity were used as experimental silos. After 45 days of ensiling, silos were opened and silage samples were collected for the degradability trial and laboratory analysis. For the in situ degradability trial, was used one rumen-fistulated adult male cattle. The five by-product inclusion contents were tested in three replicates, with five incubation times, in a randomized complete split-plot design in which the contents of DABP were the treatments (plots), the different silos were the replicates and the incubation times were the sub-plots. Longer incubation times significantly increased (P < 0.05) the disappearance rates of DM, CP, NDF, ADF and hemicellulose. The effective degradability of the DM, NDF and hemicellulose was higher in the silages with 35 g kg-1 of DABP in the rumen passage rates of 0.02; 0.05 and 0.08 h-1. Dried acerola fruit by-product can be added to elephant grass ensiling up to 35 g kg-1 without reducing the effective degradability of nutrients.
Efficacy of pyraclostrobin on the production and chemical composition of forage and silage of wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. BRS Umbu) and oats (Avena strigosa cv. Embrapa 139) preceded by successive cuts in the hard dough grain stage
Authors: Venancio Bruno José , Neumann Mikael , Silva Marlon Richard Hílario da , Pontarolo Giovanna Bobato , Santos Leslei Caroline , Costa Luísa da , Santos Leandro Alvarenga , Spliethoff Jhonatan
Published: August 2019

The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the productivity, nutritional value and degradability of forage and silage of wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. BRS Umbu) and black oats (Avena strigosa cv. Embrapa 139), preceded by successive cuts, harvested at the hard dough stage, subjected or not to treatment with pyraclostrobin fungicide. Plants were harvested manually with a height of 0.08 m from the ground surface, at the hard dough stage, after two cuts at the vegetative stage; two applications of pyraclostrobin, 0.6 L ha-1 were made, before the first and the second cut. Pyraclostobin decreased the dry matter losses from 21.1% of the control system to 7.7% for the system with pyraclostrobin, reduced the neutral detergent fiber from 70.05% to 66.73%, decreased detergent fiber acid from 43.37% to 39.96%, decreased lignin from 14.37% to 10.13% and increased the relative value of the food from 75.27% to 82.72%, all in the forage, which resulted in changes in silage, with a decrease in neutral detergent fiber from 64.00% to 58.46%, acid detergent fiber from 38.76% to 35.87%, lignin from 10.11% to 6.78% and an increase in the relative value of the food from 85.87 to 97.26. In the evaluation of the forages, wheat presented the best productivity, with 10,068 kg ha-1 vs. 8,238 kg ha-1 black oats, lower neutral detergent fiber (60.32% vs. 76.46%), lower acid detergent fiber (34.49% vs. 48.84%) and higher relative value of the food (96.04 vs. 61.95), these data were from the forage, which were reflected in the resulting silage. It is recommended to use pyraclostrobin as it reduces losses during fermentation, changes fiber composition and improves the degradability of the food. Among the forages, the wheat was more promising, than black oats, due to its productivity, combined with its better chemical composition and degradability.
Performance and body composition of young Nellore bulls slaughtered at different body weights
Authors: Passetti Ludmila Couto Gomes , Macedo Francisco de Assis Fonseca de , Teixeira Alfredo Jorge Costa , Santos Anselmo Domingues Ferreira , Backes Alfredo Acosta , Barbosa Leandro Teixeira , Lima Antônio Victor Oliveira , Passetti Rodrigo Augusto Cortêz
Published: August 2019

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of slaughter body weight on the quantitative characteristics of carcasses and the yield of commercial cuts of young Nellore bulls. Twenty-four non-castrated, 11-month-old, feedlot-fed Nellore bulls were distributed in a completely randomized design, in three treatments: 350 kg, 400 kg or 450 kg of body weight at slaughter (SBW). Slaughter was performed in a commercial slaughterhouse. The data were analyzed by an ANOVA followed by a Tukey test (p ? 0.05). SBW had no relationship with dry matter intake (6.05 kg/day or 75.74 g/kg BW0.75), feed efficiency (22.16) or feed conversion (4.67). Average daily gain was different depending on the SBW. Animal slaughtered at 350 kg had gained 1.17 kg/day, whereas animals slaughtered at 400 and 450 kg had gained 1.49 and 1.47 kg/day, respectively. Cold carcass weight increased with SBW (189.50, 209.33, and 242.39, respectively). Other carcass characteristics, like pH at 48 h (5.75), cold dressing carcass (52.61%), chilling losses (1.79%), fat thickness (5.54 mm), marbling (3.34 points), intramuscular fat (6.68%), longissimus muscle area (63.10 cm2) and sarcomere length (1.60 ?m), were not affected by SBW, but SBW increased cold carcass weight. The treatments had effects on the primary and commercial cut weights. However, the cut yields for the forequarter (39.84%), hindquarter (47.82%) and side-cut (12.34%), and the secondary cuts: chuck (14.38%), hump steak (1.94%), shoulder clod (16.97%), brisket point end (5.56%), neck steak (1.00%), striploin (7.77%), outside flat (5.30%), topside (9.36%), tenderloin (2.16%), flank steak (3.41%), eyeround (2.67%), rump tail (1.20%), rump eye (3.89%), shank (4.44%), knuckle (5.25%) and rump cap (1.40%), were not affected by SBW. SBW did not influence (p > 0.05) the commercial cut compositions for all cuts in the forequarter and hindquarter. Finishing young bulls in a feedlot is a strategy to produce beef with reduced feed costs. After all, the slaughter body weight (350, 400 or 450 kg) influenced the quantitative characteristics of the carcass; however, it did not affect the yield of commercial cuts from young Nellore bulls.
Traumatic Arthrotomy
Authors: Brubacher Jacob W. , Grote Caleb W. , Tilley Michael B.
Published: August 2019

Evaluation of periarticular traumatic wounds for joint penetration is a common clinical concern for orthopaedic surgeons. Wounds that violate the joint capsule can result in deep infection and sepsis. Understanding the anatomic landmarks and capsular extensions of the major joints is key to proper evaluation. Initial evaluation of periarticular wounds includes thorough examination of the wound and plain radiographs. Historically, the saline load test has been the diagnostic test of choice for assessing traumatic arthrotomy; however, CT has recently been shown to have excellent sensitivity and specificity for detecting open knee joint injuries. Current treatment of traumatic arthrotomy includes intravenous antibiotics and surgical irrigation and débridement. Future areas of research must focus on further validation of CT evaluation and its use in other major joints, standardizing antibiotic treatment, and further delineating the role of nonsurgical management in minor injuries.
Management of Acute Compartment Syndrome
Authors: Osborn Col. Patrick M. , Schmidt Andrew H.
Published: August 2019

The Management of Acute Compartment Syndrome Clinical Practice Guideline is based on a systematic review of current scientific and clinical research. The purpose of this clinical practice guideline is to guide the clinician's ability to diagnose and treat acute compartment syndrome by providing evidence-based recommendations for key decisions that affect the management of patients with extremity trauma. This guideline contains 15 recommendations including both diagnosis and treatment. In addition, the workgroup highlighted the need for better research in the diagnosis and treatment of acute compartment syndrome.
Resistance and Correlation of Pod Shattering and Selected Agronomic Traits in Soybeans
Authors: Kataliko Richard Katembo , Kimani Paul M. , Muthomi James W. , Wanderi Wothaya S. , Olubayo Florence M. , Nzuve Felister M.
Published: August 2019

Pod shattering is a serious production constraint that causes 34 to 99% seed losses in soybean. Identification, development and utilization of varieties with resistance to pod shattering can reduce yield losses. However, there is limited information on genetic variability of this trait in local germplasm. Twenty soybean genotypes were evaluated at KALRO-Embu and KALRO-Mwea Research Centers, in Eastern and Central highlands of Kenya during the 2016 short and long rain seasons in an alpha lattice design arranged in a 4 x 5 pattern with three replicates. Data was collected on maturity, plant height, biomass, number of seeds per pod, pod shattering and grain yield and analyzed using Genstat software (15th edition). Pearson’s correlation estimates for pod shattering and agronomic traits was done using Statistix-8 statistical package. Results showed significant interactions between genotypes, sites and seasons for days to maturity, plant biomass and pod shattering. Seasonal and location effects were significant for all the traits measured except for plant height, grain yield and pod shattering. Genotype effects showed significances for all the traits. Results showed 17.87% of soybean pod shattering in Embu and 17.41% in Mwea; 16.58% during the long rains and 18.77% during the short rains. Based on their scores, ten genotypes were classified as resistant, seven as moderately resistant, one as moderately susceptible and two as highly susceptible. Genotypes SB-8 followed by Gazelle, SB-74, SB-4, Nyala and SB-20 were the most resistant. SB-93 and SB-25 were the most susceptible genotypes. Three varieties (931/5/34, 915/5/12 and SB-154) performed well with grain yields of up to 1800 kg ha-1. The study found that pod shattering resistance was negatively correlated with number of seeds per pod (r=-0.13*). Plant with few seeds per pod tended to have high resistance to pod shattering. The resistant genotypes can be utilized for production and in effective breeding programs.
Polish harpsichord music in the period of 1936–2016
Authors: Gajecka-Antosiewicz Aleksandra
Published: August 2019

The article touches on Polish harpsichord pieces written between 1936 and 2016, dividing this time into three periods. The first of them is connected with the renaissance of harpsichord music, the second one focuses on the activity of Elżbieta Chojnacka and avant-garde works expanding the harpsichord playing technique, whereas for the third period the article presents compositions written for modern and historical harpsichord featuring the new media, as well as for other early instruments. An addition to the article are two annexes containing a list of academic publications on the discussed topic discussed, and a catalogue of CDs entirely devoted to harpsichord pieces written by contemporary Polish composers, which were released by Polish recording companies.
A piano accompanist – pros and cons, schemes and pitfalls
Authors: Holeksa Hanna
Published: August 2019

The article is an attempt to describe the schemes, dependencies and models of conduct in the profession of an accompanist, which have been identified by the author during the 20 years of her professional experience. She tries to thoroughly study the processes which the musicians’ community often regards as intuitive or dependent on specific individual predispositions. The presentation of certain casual links is aimed at solving the most frequent problems occurring while working on score material. These elements are analysed considering academic achievements of psychologists and neurophysiologists.
Music in The Architect of Ruins, a postmodern novel by Herbert Rosendorfer
Authors: Roguska Agnieszka
Published: August 2019

Herbert Rosendorfer’s work entitled The Architect of Ruins fits in the postmodern novel trend. Its connections with culture texts include references to literary texts and music pieces. The most important references of the first type seem to be the ones to Jan Potocki’s novel The Saragossa Manuscript. The existence of music compositions in the novel by Rosendorfer, a witter and a musicologist in one person, functions on a number of levels. Here it is worth to mention the concept coined by the Polish scholar Michał Głowiński according to which music may appear in a novel on three levels – when it is an element of the plot, when it constitutes a topic by itself, and when the work of music referred to acquires a symbolic dimension in the context of a music piece. These three literary situations can easily be found in Rosendorfer’s book. What is particularly important and interesting, however, is applying a construction pattern taken from the field of music in a literary work. Such a possibility, i.e., musical elements functioning in in a literary piece, is described in Andrzej Hejmej’s Musicality of a Literary Work. In The Architect of Ruins construction references fit in the specificity of a postmodern novel: as stated by Magdalena Janoszka, Potocki’s The Saragossa Manuscript, which was an important inspiration for Rosendorfer, should be classified as a polyphonic novel. According to Bachtin’s concept, a word does not a exist in an isolated and independent way, but it is an answer to other words written in the past. As a writer and musicologist, Rosendorfer skilfully moves in the field of references to music and literary works – e.g. Mozart’s Don Giovanni and the literary thread of Giacomo Casanova’s Memoirs. In his book, the Austrian writer presents the profiles of musicians – a virtuoso (whom music lovers are desperate to hear live – in vain), an organist performing a truly postmodern Musiquiana, and a vampiric composer stealing every new composition written by his student. This way, in The Architect of Ruins music becomes the material with which the author of the novel co-creates his work as if with literary motifs.
Atributos da Atenção Primária à Saúde e ferramentas de medicina de família no atendimento às diversidades sexual e de gênero: Relato de caso
Authors: Lima Átila Mourão , Do Nascimento Rodrigo Torres , Cazelli Carla Moura , De Carvalho Thais Gonçalves Ferrão
Published: August 2019

Objetivo: Este trabalho objetiva apresentar o médico de família e comunidade como um importante profissional na área da saúde da população de lésbicas, gays, bissexuais e transsexuais. Métodos: Relato de caso ilustrando encontro clínico e uso de ferramentas da medicina de família e comunidade. Conclusões: O médico de família consegue elaborar um projeto comum para o manejo dos problemas dessa população, que, além dos de origem biológica, compreende outros fatores que podem provocar adoecimento: o preconceito que atravessam no mero ato de sair à rua, a pressão de familiares descontentes com sua diversidade, sexual ou de gênero, a dificuldade psicológica da pessoa para se livrar dos seus próprios tabus e preconceitos para se permitir aceitar novas identidades
MURATORI E OS DEFEITOS DA JURISPRUDÊNCIA: CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE OS FUNDAMENTOS TEÓRICOS DAS REFORMAS JURÍDICAS SETECENTISTAS
Authors: Castro Alexander De
Published: August 2019

O intuito desse trabalho é fazer um balanço da importância da obra de Lodovico Antonio Muratori para a formação do reformismo jurídico setecentista. Analisam-se as críticas que Muratori faz à ciência jurídica do antigo regime como parte integrante do discurso político sobre a felicidade pública que se difunde a partir da primeira metade do século XVIII e do qual o próprio Muratori foi um importante expoente. Tal discurso, que – porder-se-ia argumentar – mais tarde iria desenvolver-se no sentido de contribuir para a fundamentação dos direitos humanos e da personalidade, foi inicialmente tópico importante da justificação da centralização absolutista. Procura-se demonstrar, assim, a conexão entre a teoria da reforma do direito e os primórdios da formação da ideia de absolutismo esclarecido. Em seguida, explica-se como as ideias de Muratori foram recepcionadas por autores iluministas e, através deles, ganharam toda a Europa, tornando-se parte do repertório comum da crítica ao antigo regime no século XVIII. Por fim, comenta-se a possibilidade de reverberação das ideias de Muratori durante os primórdios das reformas jurídicas pombalinas.
A JURISTOCRACIA NO BRASIL E O FUTURO DA CONSTITUIÇÃO
Authors: Barbosa Claudia Maria
Published: August 2019

Costuma-se associar de maneira virtuosa a expansão do Poder Judiciário, a constitucionalização de direitos e a efetividade do Estado Democrático de Direito, premissa contestada nesse artigo. O estudo bibliográfico qualitativo realizado analisa as características e a trajetória do constitucionalismo liberal, alguns traços de teorias constitucionais contemporâneas que explicam a expansão do papel do intérprete e da discricionariedade judicial, e a construção de Ran Hirschl sobre juristocracia, com o objetivo de sustentar a hipótese contrária: a de que o tipo de regime político da juristocracia que tem se fortalecido em democracias ocidentais é incompatível com o constitucionalismo liberal e fragiliza as Constituições desses Estados, tornando-as disfuncionais e incapazes de assegurar o equilíbrio de poderes, a defesa de direitos e conter o abuso do poder estatal. Inicia-se com uma abordagem teórico dedutiva com a qual explica-se cenários da juristocracia no estado democrático de Direito para, em seguida, analisar-se as especificidades da emergência da juristocracia no Brasil A conclusão é de que a juristocracia torna as constituições liberais disfuncionais e é um risco para o Estado Democrático de Direito no mundo e também no Brasil.
Background and Review of Cavity-Enhanced Spontaneous Parametric
Down-Conversion
Authors: Slattery Oliver , Ma Lijun , Zong Kevin , Tang Xiao
Published: August 2019

Spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in a nonlinear crystal has been a
workhorse for the generation of entangled and correlated single-photon pairs used
for quantum communications applications for nearly three decades. However, as a
naturally broadband process, the ability of SPDC to interface with the very narrow
energy transitions in atomic ensembles for implementing quantum memories, which are
needed for quantum repeaters to extend the reach of quantum communications, was
initially limited. To overcome this limitation, the process was enhanced by placing
the nonlinear crystal inside a resonating cavity. This modified process has some
important advantages, including narrowing the spectral linewidth of generated
photons into brighter resonant modes of the cavity, and the ability to lock the
desired mode of the cavity to the targeted transition frequency of the atomic
ensemble. This paper presents an overview of the principle of cavity-enhanced SPDC,
a review of works to date using this technique, and an example of one of these
implementations.
Extensive intraspecies cryptic variation in an ancient embryonic gene regulatory network
Authors: Torres Cleuren Yamila N , Ewe Chee Kiang , Chipman Kyle C , Mears Emily R , Wood Cricket G , Al-Alami Coco Emma Alma , Alcorn Melissa R , Turner Thomas L , Joshi Pradeep M , Snell Russell G , Rothman Joel H
Published: August 2019

Innovations in metazoan development arise from evolutionary modification of gene regulatory networks (GRNs). We report widespread cryptic variation in the requirement for two key regulatory inputs, SKN-1/Nrf2 and MOM-2/Wnt, into the C. elegans endoderm GRN. While some natural isolates show a nearly absolute requirement for these two regulators, in others, most embryos differentiate endoderm in their absence. GWAS and analysis of recombinant inbred lines reveal multiple genetic regions underlying this broad phenotypic variation. We observe a reciprocal trend, in which genomic variants, or knockdown of endoderm regulatory genes, that result in a high SKN-1 requirement often show low MOM-2/Wnt requirement and vice-versa, suggesting that cryptic variation in the endoderm GRN may be tuned by opposing requirements for these two key regulatory inputs. These findings reveal that while the downstream components in the endoderm GRN are common across metazoan phylogeny, initiating regulatory inputs are remarkably plastic even within a single species.
Measuring peripheral nerve involvement in Friedreich’s ataxia
Authors: Creigh Peter D. , Mountain Joan , Sowden Janet E. , Eichinger Katy , Ravina Bernard , Larkindale Jane , Herrmann David N.
Published: August 2019

Objective

Experimental therapies under development for Friedreich’s Ataxia (FRDA) require validated biomarkers. In‐vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) of skin is a noninvasive way to quantify Meissner’s corpuscle (MC) density and has emerged as a sensitive measure of sensory polyneuropathies. We conducted a prospective, cross‐sectional study evaluating RCM of MCs and conventional peripheral nerve measures as candidate peripheral nerve markers in FRDA.

Methods

Sixteen individuals with FRDA and 16 age‐ and gender‐matched controls underwent RCM of MC density and morphology, skin biopsies for epidermal nerve fiber density (ENFD), nerve conduction studies (NCS), and quantitative sensory testing (QST) including touch, vibration, and cooling thresholds.

Results

MC densities were measurable in all participants with FRDA, and were lower at digit V (hand), thenar eminence, and arch (foot) compared to controls. By contrast, sensory NCS showed floor effects and were obtainable in only 13% of FRDA participants. QST thresholds for touch, vibration, and cooling were higher at the hand and foot in FRDA than controls. Reductions in ENFDs were present in more severely affected individuals with FRDA (Friedreich’s Ataxia Rating Scale (FARS) >60) compared to matched controls, although skin biopsies were not well tolerated in children. MC densities, ENFDs, and touch and vibration thresholds were associated with clinical disease severity (FARS and modified FARS) and duration since symptom onset.

Interpretation

MC density, ENFD, and QST thresholds provide structural and physiologic markers of sensory involvement in FRDA. Longitudinal evaluation is needed to determine whether these measures can identify changes associated with disease progression or treatment.
Perovskite‐Based Phototransistors and Hybrid Photodetectors
Authors: Xie Chao , Liu Chun‐Ki , Loi Hok‐Leung , Yan Feng
Published: August 2019

In the past several years, organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites and all inorganic perovskites have attracted enormous research interest in a variety of optoelectronic applications including solar cells, light‐emitting diodes, semiconductor lasers, and photodetectors for their plenty of appealing electrical and optoelectrical properties. Benefiting from the inherent amplification function of transistors and the pronounced photogating effect, perovskite‐based phototransistors and hybrid photodetectors can provide very high photoresponsivity and gain, rendering them highly promising for some specific applications especially ultrasensitive light detection. A review on the recent progress of phototransistors and hybrid photodetectors using perovskites as light‐sensitive materials is presented. The efforts and development in 3D and 2D perovskite‐based phototransistors, and perovskite/functional material (e.g., graphene, 2D semiconductors, organic semiconductors, and other semiconductors) heterojunction‐based hybrid photodetectors are introduced and discussed systematically. Some processing techniques for optimizing device performance are also addressed. In the final section, a conclusion of the research achievements is presented and possible challenges as well as outlook are provided to guide future activity in this research field.
Chalcogenide Thermoelectrics Empowered by an Unconventional Bonding Mechanism
Authors: Yu Yuan , Cagnoni Matteo , Cojocaru‐Mirédin Oana , Wuttig Matthias
Published: August 2019

Thermoelectric materials have attracted significant research interest in recent decades due to their promising application potential in interconverting heat and electricity. Unfortunately, the strong coupling between the material parameters that determine thermoelectric efficiency, i.e., the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity, complicates the optimization of thermoelectric energy converters. Main‐group chalcogenides provide a rich playground to alleviate the interdependence of these parameters. Interestingly, only a subgroup of octahedrally coordinated chalcogenides possesses good thermoelectric properties. This subgroup is also characterized by other outstanding characteristics suggestive of an exceptional bonding mechanism, which has been coined metavalent bonding. This conclusion is further supported by a map that separates different bonding mechanisms. In this map, all octahedrally coordinated chalcogenides with good performance as thermoelectrics are located in a well‐defined region, implying that the map can be utilized to identify novel thermoelectrics. To unravel the correlation between chemical bonding mechanism and good thermoelectric properties, the consequences of this unusual bonding mechanism on the band structure are analyzed. It is shown that features such as band degeneracy and band anisotropy are typical for this bonding mechanism, as is the low lattice thermal conductivity. This fundamental understanding, in turn, guides the rational materials design for improved thermoelectric performance by tailoring the chemical bonding mechanism.
Hierarchical Assembly of Prussian Blue Derivatives for Superior Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wang Yueqing , Chen Si , Zhang Jintao
Published: August 2019

Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) and their derivatives with tailorable physicochemical properties are ideal functional materials for chemical sensing, energy storage, and conversion. Herein, an innovative strategy is demonstrated to prepare PBA nanoarchitectures on various metal substrates. The interfacial redox reactions between metal cyanide ions and metal substrate result in the formation of desirable PBA nanostructures via the in situ precipitation process. Furthermore, the morphology and growth rates of PBAs can be readily regulated by changing the pH value of the reaction solution. The obtained PBA nanostructures can be transformed into the corresponding metal oxides via the simple thermal treatment. More importantly, the hollow oxide derivative manifests considerable catalytic activity with a low potential of 1.53 V to achieve the benchmark current density of 10 mA cm−2 and impressive prolonged durability over 600 h. This novel synthetic approach provides a favorable pathway to synthesize binder‐free PBAs and their derivatives on diverse metal substrates, enabling new kinds of nanoarchitectures with desirable morphology and compositions for specific applications.
Controllable 1D Patterned Assembly of Colloidal Quantum Dots on PbSO4 Nanoribbons
Authors: Enomoto Kazushi , Inoue Daishi , Pu Yong‐Jin
Published: August 2019

Control of the 1D self‐assembly pattern of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) on PbSO4 nanoribbon (NRb) templates is achieved. The internal structure of the NRbs is investigated by X‐ray diffraction, revealing the isotropic packing of the PbSO4 nanoclusters in the NRbs. Colloidal QDs in a chloroform/hexane mixture are adsorbed onto the region close to the edges of the NRbs and form a 1D assembly of straight single line or double lines by controlling the amount of OAm. This is the first demonstration of a densely packed 1D self‐assembly of colloidal QDs with a straight line pattern without the use of any molecular bridge or adhesive. Atomic force microscopy measurements of the NRbs show depressions in the phase profile along the width of the NRbs, corresponding to the position of the 1D QD chain. The amount of adsorbed QDs on the NRbs in solution decreases as the addition of OAm increases, suggesting that additional OAm prevents interaction between the QDs and NRbs but facilitates the uniform adsorption of the 1D assembly. The low‐dimensional self‐assembly of colloidal QDs in this study opens up the possibility for the creation of anisotropically assembled QD superstructures.
Signal Output of Triboelectric Nanogenerator at Oil–Water–Solid Multiphase Interfaces and its Application for Dual‐Signal Chemical Sensing
Authors: Jiang Peng , Zhang Lei , Guo Hengyu , Chen Chaoyu , Wu Changsheng , Zhang Steven , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: August 2019

A liquid–solid contact triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based on poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) film, a copper electrode, and a glass substrate for harvesting energy in oil/water multiphases is reported. There are two distinctive signals being generated, one is from the contact electrification and electrostatic induction between the liquid (water/oil) and the PTFE film (VTENG and ITENG); and the other is from the electrostatic induction in the copper electrode by the oil/water interfacial charges (ΔVinterface and Iinterface), which is generated only when the liquid–solid contact TENG is inserted across the oil/water interface. The two signals show interesting opposite changing trends that the VTENG and ITENG decrease while the oil/water interfacial signals of ΔVinterface and Iinterface increase after coating a layer of polydopamine on the surfaces of PTFE and glass via self‐polymerization. As an application of the observed phenomena, both the values of ITENG and Iinterface have a good linear relationship versus the natural logarithm of the concentration of the dopamine. Based on this, the first self‐powered dual‐signal detection of dopamine using TENG is demonstrated.