bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shared genetic influences on ADHD symptoms and very low‐frequency EEG activity: a twin study
Authors: Tye Charlotte , Rijsdijk Frühling , Greven Corina U. , Kuntsi Jonna , Asherson Philip , McLoughlin Gráinne
Published: November 2011

Background:  Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common and highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex aetiology. The identification of candidate intermediate phenotypes that are both heritable and genetically linked to ADHD may facilitate the detection of susceptibility genes and elucidate aetiological pathways. Very low‐frequency (VLF; <0.5 Hz) electroencephalographic (EEG) activity represents a promising indicator of risk for ADHD, but it currently remains unclear as to whether it is heritable or genetically linked to the disorder.

Methods:  Direct‐current (DC)‐EEG was recorded during a cognitive activation condition in 30 monozygotic and dizygotic adolescent twin pairs concordant or discordant for high ADHD symptom scores, and 37 monozygotic and dizygotic matched‐control twin pairs with low ADHD symptom scores. Structural equation modelling was used to quantify the genetic and environmental contributions to the phenotypic covariance between ADHD and VLF activity.

Results:  Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was significantly associated with reduced VLF power during cognitive activation, which suggests reduced synchronization of widespread neuronal activity. Very low‐frequency power demonstrated modest heritability (0.31), and the genetic correlation (−0.80) indicated a substantial degree of overlap in genetic influences on ADHD and VLF activity.

Conclusions:  Altered VLF activity is a potential candidate intermediate phenotype of ADHD, which warrants further investigation of underlying neurobiological and genetic mechanisms.
Lower Triassic stromatolites in Luodian County, Guizhou Province, South China: evidence for the protracted devastation of the marine environments
Authors: EZAKI Y. , LIU J. B. , ADACHI N.
Published: November 2011

Stromatolites are one of the oldest and most intriguing organosedimentary deposits. In contrast to stromatolites of the Precambrian to Early Ordovician, Phanerozoic equivalents occurred episodically under specific conditions. A group of previously undescribed stromatolites in composition occur in the Lower Triassic (Olenekian) at the Dajiang section in the Luodian region of Guizhou Province, South China. We described the textures of these stromatolites with the aim of determining the genetic mechanisms and revealing the nature of interactions between micro‐organisms and marine environments. Mesoscopic features show that the stromatolites consist of several sets of stacked slices, and that they are embedded in alternating beds of fine and coarse microsphere packstones that include aggregates of microspheres, forming grapestones and lumps. Microscopically, the stromatolites consist of spar‐ and dolomite‐infilled microspheres (average diameter, 100 μm), micrites, peloids, small‐sized pyrite framboids (average diameter, 5.8 μm) and fenestrae. Micrite‐dominant intercalations accentuate laminated textures at a mesoscopic level and are laterally continuous with micrite‐rich parts in surrounding interstromatolites, indicating the simultaneous, widespread deposition of these layers. The microspheres and associated micrites were the products of in situ microbial activity, probably sulphate‐reducing or anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria, which led to the formation of these unusual stromatolites. Even during a protracted period of harsh marine conditions, the micrite‐rich carpets were deposited intermittently on the stromatolites and their surroundings under severely anoxic/sulphidic conditions. The presence of Early Triassic stromatolites and their subtle but important vertical variations in texture provide a record of temporal changes in marine conditions during geobiologically critical intervals.
Context‐dependent interplays between truncated demographies and climate variation shape the population growth rate of a harvested species
Authors: Hidalgo Manuel , Rouyer Tristan , Bartolino Valerio , Cerviño Santiago , Ciannelli Lorenzo , Massutí Enric , Jadaud Angelique , Saborido‐Rey Fran , Durant Joël M. , Santurtún Marina , Piñeiro Carmen , Stenseth Nils C.
Published: November 2011

Fisheries ecologists traditionally aimed at disentangling climate and fishing effects from the population dynamics of exploited marine fish stocks. However, recent studies have shown that internal characteristics and external forcing (climate and exploitation) have interactive rather than additive effects. Thought most of these studies explored how demographic truncation induced by exploitation affected the response of recruitment to climate, identifying a general pattern revealed to be difficult as interactions are often case‐specific. Here we compared five exploited stocks of European hake Merluccius merluccius from the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea to investigate how the interaction between internal characteristics and external forces affect the variability of the population growth rate and their consequences on recruitment. Our results show that demographic truncation induces a novel population scenario in which the growth rate is maximized when the reproductive stock is younger and less diverse. This scenario is shaped by the climate variability and the fishing pattern. The population growth rate becomes more dependent on the maturation schedule and less on the survival rates. The consequences for the recruitment dynamics are twofold; the effect of density‐dependent regulatory processes decreases while the effect of the density‐independent drivers increases. Our study shows that the interaction between internal characteristics and external forces changes across geographic locations according to 1) the importance of demographic truncation, 2) the influence of the climate on the regional hydrography and 3) the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the physical environment to which fish life history is adapted.
Apolipoprotein E influences melatonin biosynthesis by regulating NAT and MAOA expression in C6 cells
Authors: Liu Ya‐Jing , Meng Fan‐Tao , Wang Li‐Li , Zhang Li‐Feng , Cheng Xin‐Ping , Zhou Jiang‐Ning
Published: November 2011

Abstract:  Previous studies have demonstrated that apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype and melatonin are closely associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the relationship between ApoE genotype and melatonin remains unclear. Recently, we reported that cultured rat cortical astrocytes and glioma C6 cells synthesize melatonin. In the current study, we investigated the effect of ApoE genotype on melatonin biosynthesis. C6 cells with stable expression of ApoE isoforms (ApoE 2, 3 and 4) were established. A higher level of melatonin was demonstrated in cultured ApoE4‐C6 cells than that in ApoE3‐C6 cells. In addition, we found that N‐acetyltransferase (NAT) protein level was up‐regulated in ApoE4‐C6 cells compared with ApoE3‐C6 cells. Further study suggested that mRNA expression of monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) and monoamine oxidase B (MAOB) decreased in ApoE4‐C6 cells. In conclusion, the increased melatonin level in ApoE4‐C6 cells results from up‐regulation of NAT expression, a key enzyme for melatonin synthesis, and down‐regulation of MAOA and MAOB expression, the metabolic enzyme for its precursor serotonin.
EVALUATION OF COOKING, MICROSTRUCTURE, TEXTURE AND SENSORY QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF SHRIMP MEAT‐BASED PASTA
Authors: KADAM SHEKHAR U. , PRABHASANKAR P.
Published: November 2011

Pasta formulation was substituted with shrimp meat (SM), at three different levels of 10, 20 and 30% (w/w) formulation, to develop pasta with enhanced nutritional profile. All samples were evaluated for their physicochemical, cooking, microstructure and sensory attributes. With an increase in the level of SM, there was an increase in protein, fat and ash content. Similarly, cooking loss (6.05–8.25%), shear force (3.52–4.21 N), b‐value (12.36–13.86) and protein digestibility (83.99–87.61%) of pasta have increased with increased addition of SM. Sensory evaluation indicated that pasta with 20% SM have a better overall score. The microstructure of pasta indicated that samples containing 20% SM have shown gelatinized starch granules enveloped by protein matrix of SM, indicating a better structure as compared with 10 and 30% SM pasta. The present study revealed that pasta with 20% SM substitution has a better sensory profile and improved nutritional value.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

The present manuscript demonstrated that the use of shrimp meat (SM) would improve the functional and nutritional quality of pasta products. The outcome of the present study will have greater potential for pasta industries to develop healthier pasta products using SM.
Design of a High Energy Absorbing Urethane Cylinder for Ship Fendering Systems
Authors: Krayterman B. L. , Magrab E. B.
Published: November 2011

A new design for a urethane cylinder is presented which exhibits very high energy absorption for a given maximum compressive force and for a given amount of urethane. These characteristics are obtained by altering the buckling response of the cylinder by casting in place equally spaced annular steel rings along the cylinder’s length and by introducing a small concave curvature to the cylinder’s walls. This geometry has been analyzed using nonlinear finite element analysis and confirmed with experiment for up to a 50 percent decrease in the cylinder’s original length. The comparison between theory and experiment is good.
Vibration Analysis of Anisotropic Simply Supported Plates by Using Variable Kinematic and Rayleigh-Ritz Method
Authors: Carrera Erasmo , Fazzolari Fiorenzo Adolfo , Demasi Luciano
Published: November 2011

This work deals with accurate free-vibration analysis of anisotropic, simply supported plates of square planform. Refined plate theories, which include layer-wise, equivalent single layer and zig-zag models, with increasing number of displacement variables are take into account. Linear up to fourth N-order expansion, in the thickness layer-plate direction have been implemented for the introduced displacement field. Rayleigh-Ritz method based on principle of virtual displacement is derived in the framework of Carrera’s unified formulation. Regular symmetric angle-ply and cross-ply laminates are addressed. Convergence studies are made in order to demonstrate that accurate results are obtained by using a set of trigonometric functions. The effects of the various parameters (material, number of layers, and fiber orientation) upon the frequencies and mode shapes are discussed. Numerical results are compared with available results in literature.
Influence of Nonviscous Modes on Transient Response of Lumped Parameter Systems With Exponential Damping
Authors: García-Barruetabeña Jon , Cortés Fernando , Manuel Abete José
Published: November 2011

This paper is aimed at investigating the influence of nonviscous modes on the vibrational response of viscoelastic systems. Thus, exponential damping models are considered. Provided that nonviscous modes disappear with time, they have influence on only the transient response of the system. Thus, the system response is obtained by means of modal superposition in order to examine the contribution of each mode. The analysis is carried out on two lumped parameter systems; systems involving a single degree and three degrees of freedom are studied. For the former, the analytic solution is derived via modal superposition and Laplace transformation. For the latter, the analytic response is contrasted with that provided via two numerical direct methods. From this investigation, it can be concluded that the system may present no oscillations, even if elastic modes are underdamped modes.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Streptomyces
sp. Strain Wigar10, Isolated from a Surface-Sterilized Garlic Bulb
Authors: Klassen Jonathan L. , Adams Sandye M. , Bramhacharya Shanti , Giles Steven S. , Goodwin Lynne A. , Woyke Tanja , Currie Cameron R.
Published: November 2011

Streptomyces
sp. strain Wigar10 was isolated from a surface-sterilized garlic bulb (
Allium sativum
var. Purple Stripe). Its genome encodes several novel secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters and provides a genetic basis for further investigation of this strain's chemical biology and potential for interaction with its garlic host.
Complete Genome Sequence of Acidaminococcus intestini RYC-MR95, a Gram-Negative Bacterium from the Phylum Firmicutes
Authors: D'Auria Giuseppe , Galán Juan-Carlos , Rodríguez-Alcayna Manuel , Moya Andrés , Baquero Fernando , Latorre Amparo
Published: November 2011

Acidaminococcus intestini
belongs to the family
Acidaminococcaceae
, order
Selenomonadales
, class
Negativicutes
, phylum
Firmicutes
.
Negativicutes
show the double-membrane system of Gram-negative bacteria, although their chromosomal backbone is closely related to that of Gram-positive bacteria of the phylum
Firmicutes
. The complete genome of a clinical
A. intestini
strain is here presented.
Genome Sequence of Sphingomonas elodea ATCC 31461, a Highly Productive Industrial Strain of Gellan Gum
Authors: Gai Zhonghui , Wang Xia , Zhang Xiaoyun , Su Fei , Wang Xiaoyu , Tang Hongzhi , Tai Cui , Tao Fei , Ma Cuiqing , Xu Ping
Published: November 2011

The commercial gelling agent gellan gum is a heteropolysaccharide produced by
Sphingomonas elodea
ATCC 31461. However, the genes involved in the biosynthesis, regulation, and modification of gellan gum have not been fully characterized. Here we describe the draft genome sequence of stain ATCC 31461 and major findings from its annotation.
Improving the Catalytic Activity of HyperthermophilicPyrococcus horikoshiiProlidase for Detoxification of Organophosphorus Nerve Agents over a Broad Range of Temperatures
Authors: Theriot Casey M. , Semcer Rebecca L. , Shah Saumil S. , Grunden Amy M.
Published: November 2011

Prolidases hydrolyze Xaa-Pro dipeptides and can also cleave the P-F and P-O bonds found in organophosphorus (OP) compounds, including the nerve agents soman and sarin.Ph1prol (PH0974) has previously been isolated and characterized fromPyrococcus horikoshiiand was shown to have higher catalytic activity over a broader pH range, higher affinity for metal, and increased thermostability compared toP. furiosusprolidase,Pfprol (PF1343). To obtain a better enzyme for OP nerve agent decontamination and to investigate the structural factors that may influence protein thermostability and thermoactivity, randomly mutatedPh1prol enzymes were prepared. FourPh1prol mutants (A195T/G306S-, Y301C/K342N-, E127G/E252D-, and E36V-Ph1prol) were isolated which had greater thermostability and improved activity over a broader range of temperatures against Xaa-Pro dipeptides and OP nerve agents compared to wild typePyrococcusprolidases.
Antiviral and Virucidal Activities of N-Cocoyl-L-Arginine Ethyl Ester
Authors: Yamasaki Hisashi , Tsujimoto Kazuko , Ikeda Keiko , Suzuki Yukiko , Arakawa Tsutomu , Koyama A. Hajime
Published: November 2011

Various amino acid-derived compounds, for example, Nα-Cocoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester (CAE), alkyloxyhydroxylpropylarginine, arginine cocoate, and cocoyl glycine potassium salt (Amilite), were examined for their virucidal activities against herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), influenza A virus (IAV), and poliovirus type 1 (PV-1) in comparison to benzalkonium chloride (BKC) and sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) as a cationic and anionic control detergent and also to other commercially available disinfectants. While these amino acid-derived compounds were all effective against HSV-1 and HSV-2, CAE and Amilite were the most effective. These two compounds were, however, not as effective against IAV, another enveloped virus, as against HSV. Cytotoxicity of CAE was weak; at 0.012%, only 5% of the cells were killed under the conditions, in which 100% cells were killed by either SDS or BKC. In addition to these direct virucidal effects, CAE inhibited the virus growth in the HSV-1- or PV-1-infected cells even at 0.01%. These results suggest a potential application of CAE as a therapeutic or preventive medicine against HSV superficial infection at body surface.
Good Blood, Bad Blood: Multivocality, Metonymy, and Mediation in Zechariah 9
Authors: Niditch Susan
Published: November 2011

Abstract

A number of scholars have pointed to the ways in which Zechariah 9 convincingly functions as a literary and conceptual whole. Approaching Zechariah 9 as a unity, however, raises important questions concerning a recurring motif in the chapter that has especially deep cultural connotations: blood.Blood is forbidden as food and unclean-rendering in Zech 9:7, blood is intimately involved in the covenantal relationship between Yahweh and Israel in 9:11 and it is part of the Israelites’ post-victory feast in several important Septuagintal traditions in 9:15. A study of the blood motif in Zechariah 9 through the lenses of a variety of anthropological and literary approaches reveals the ways in which blood operates as a symbolically rich, multivalent motif not only in this chapter but in the larger Israelite tradition.
Das synchronistische Exzerpt aus den Annalen der Könige von Israel und Juda
Authors: Levin Christoph
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Das Rahmenwerk der Bücher der Könige beruht auf einem kombinierten Exzerpt aus den Annalen der Könige von Israel und den Annalen der Könige von Juda. Diese Quelle hat das Ziel, die Geschichte Israels und Judas nachträglich als Einheit erscheinen zu lassen. Sehr wahrscheinlich vertritt dieses offizielle Dokument den Anspruch der Könige von Juda auf die Vertretung der Gesamtheit von Juda und Israel im letzten Drittel des 7. Jahrhunderts. Aus diesem Grund, und weil die Verfasser auf das Archiv der Könige Zugriff hatten, muss es noch in der Königszeit entstanden sein. Damit eröffnet sich ein Ausweg aus der Alternative, zwischen einer vorexilischen Entstehung der Königebücher (Kuenen, Cross) und der exilischen Datierung der deuteronomistischen Redaktion (Noth, Smend) entscheiden zu müssen. Auf die Unterscheidung von Quelle und Redaktion angewendet, treffen beide Optionen zu.

The framework of the Books of Kings is based on a combined excerpt from the annals of the kings of Israel and the annals of the kings of Judah. The purpose of this source is to show in retrospect Israel’s and Judah’s history as a unity. Most probably this official document states the claim of the kings of Judah to represent Judah and Israel as a common entity. Because the authors had access to the kings’ archives, this document must have been written in the time of the monarchy, i.e. in the last third of the 7th century. By way of this argument we may escape the dilemma to decide upon a pre-exilic origin of the books of kings (Kuenen, Cross) on the one hand or the exilic dating of the Deuteronomistic redaction (Noth, Smend) on the other. Applied to the distinction between (pre-exilic) source and (exilic) redaction, both options are correct.
Anthropology of Christianity and Missiology: Disciplinary Contexts, Converging Themes, and Future Tasks of Mission Studies
Authors: Jørgensen Jonas Adelin
Published: November 2011

Abstract

The anthropology of Christianity is claimed to be a recent innovation in the discipline of social anthropology and focuses on the study of Christian forms of life. The purpose of this paper is threefold: first, to identify the nature of the anthropology of Christianity; second, to focus on converging themes in the anthropology of Christianity and missiology as academic disciplines; and third, to offer an interpretation of what such convergence might imply for the future of missiology.
Regional Variability within Global-Scale Relations between Passive Microwave Signatures and Raining Clouds over the Tropical Oceans
Authors: Seo Eun-Kyoung , Biggerstaff Michael I.
Published: November 2011

Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of radiance vectors associated with emission and scattering indices for the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) has been performed to examine the regional variability in relations between brightness temperature and rain rate over portions of the tropical oceans known to exhibit regional differences due to different thermodynamic environments and different large-scale forcing. The TMI indices and rain rates used in this study are the products of the Goddard profiling algorithm (GPROF), version 6. The EOF framework reduces the nine-dimensional space of the brightness temperatures and their polarizations to just two dimensions associated with the EOF coefficients. Vertical profiles of reflectivity from the TRMM precipitation radar (PR) are used to show that the statistically obtained EOFs represent bulk physical characteristics of raining clouds. Hence, EOF analysis provides an efficient framework for diagnosing regional differences in cloud structures that affect brightness temperature–rain-rate relations. The EOF framework revealed fundamental differences in the behavior of TMI surface rain-rate retrievals versus retrievals that are based on the PR aboard the TRMM satellite. In EOF space, TMI rain rates were bimodally distributed, with one mode indicating higher rain rates with greater high-density ice and rainwater content in the cloud and the other mode being consistent with moderately heavy warm rain from shallow convection. In contrast, the PR rain-rate distribution showed high rain rates being assigned over a much greater diversity of cloud structures. The manifold of EOF space constructively shows that, of the regions examined here, the tropical northwestern Pacific Ocean region produces the greatest occurrence of particularly strong cumulonimbus clouds.
The desert and the sea: The Sapphic sublime of Frederick Sommer
Authors: TIMBERLAKE JOHN
Published: November 2011

This article considers tropes of fragmentation and immersion in photographs made by Frederick Sommer (1905–1999) in the 1940s. It problematizes Kant-derived conceptions of the sublime, arguing that the radical nature of Sommer’s work of this period challenges dyadic relationships
of the figure/ground that are associated with depictions of the Kantian sublime. Reviewing some of the writing on Sommer’s work to date, the article draws upon a close reading of his photographic prints and technique in the context of his wider practice, and alongside work done over
the past four decades in Literature Studies, Feminist Studies, Lesbian and Gay Studies, and Classical Studies, to propose that a model of the Sapphic sublime is appropriate to Sommer’s work of this period.
Negotiating the Punk in Steampunk: Subculture, Fashion & Performative Identity
Authors: CHERRY BRIGID , MELLINS MARIA
Published: November 2011

The term ‘punk’ has become a highly contested and problematic label since its appropriation in the 1970s, when it was commonly used to describe music produced by many anarchic and irreverent bands. Subsequently, the term has been used to describe genres of fiction that juxtapose
punk attitudes with cyberspace (cyberpunk), extreme gore (splatterpunk) or anachronistic technology (steampunk). Although originally coined ironically, steampunk is a particularly interesting case of the wider meanings of punk in terms of a DIY ethos and a rejection of social norms. Drawing
on surveys and analysis of online discourses and presentations of self on the one hand, and the responses collected from in-depth interviews with steampunks on the other, we set out the ways steampunk has evolved into a performative style subculture associated with recognisable fashions and
lifestyle accessories. Focusing specifically on fashion and music, we analyse steampunk as a subcultural constructor of identity, articulating complex discourses concerning gender and class. The pleasures of steampunk lifestyle are associated with the rejection of contemporary lifestyles and
social mores, and a return to ingenuity, craftsmanship and invention, and a real-world acting out of imagined histories. Whilst the steampunk ethos revealed in the desire to reclaim clothing and technology is organized bricolage as opposed to the chaotic anarchy of punk, steampunk, like punk,
rejects the norm, and makes a display of difference. The activities of the steampunk community not only intersect with punk and alternative music subcultures, but also exist in the intersections of subculture and fan culture.
A contribuição da história dos conceitos à ciência da informação: dimensões categórico-abstratas e analítico-causais
Authors: Rabello Rodrigo
Published: November 2011

A história dos conceitos, embora ainda pouco explorada pela ciência da informação, pode fornecer importantes contribuições para o estudo de conceitos-chave que constituem o quadro teórico-conceitual num contexto científico. Nessa direção, a história dos conceitos é apresentada como uma ferramenta para o estudo da diacronia e da sincronia do conceito científico na ciência da informação. Para tanto, foi mister compreender a intersecção das dimensões categórico-abstratas e analítico-causais, ambas relevantes por serem constitutivas da própria proposição da história dos conceitos elaborada por Reinhart Koselleck.
Dicionários disponíveis on-line para aprendizes de inglês: estruturação e recursos
Authors: Selistre Isabel Cristina Tedesco
Published: November 2011

O artigo descreve a estrutura e as formas de acesso características dos dicionários eletrônicos do tipo on-line disponíveis ao aprendiz de língua inglesa, comparando o conteúdo e os recursos de dois dicionários monolíngues e dois dicionários bilíngües - o Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary (CALD, 2009), o Merriam-Webster Learner's Dictionary (MWLD, 2009), o Reverso Dictionary English/Portuguese (RDEP, 2008) e o Wiktionary Inglês/Português (WIP, 2009). Discute-se a funcionalidade desses instrumentos em relação às demandas do aprendiz.
Inclusão escolar de crianças e adolescentes com paralisia cerebral: esta é uma realidade possível para todas elas em nossos dias?
Authors: Santos Lúcia Helena C. dos , Grisotto Karen Pangracio , Rodrigues Danielle Caldas B , Bruck Isac
Published: November 2011

OBJETIVO: Descrever a distribuição escolar de um grupo de crianças e adolescentes com paralisia cerebral (PC) e analisar o impacto da função motora grossa e outros déficits no processo de inclusão. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo de pacientes do Ambulatório de Paralisia Cerebral da Universidade Federal do Paraná, avaliados em 2005. Pais ou cuidador completaram um questionário com dados relativos a: tipo de escola frequentada, dificuldades do aprendizado e necessidade de suporte psicopedagógico e fonoaudiológico. Os dados obtidos incluíram quem era o cuidador primário, seu nível de escolaridade e renda. As variáveis coletadas dos prontuários foram antecedentes perinatais e pós-natais, classificação topográfica da PC e função motora (Sistema de Classificação Motora Grossa - SCFMG), classificação da fala e presença de epilepsia. RESULTADOS: 105 crianças e adolescentes foram incluídos. A média de idade foi 10,8 anos, 61 (58%) masculinos. Dentre as 105 crianças, 97 (92%) frequentavam a escola, 36 (34%) em classe regular, 7 (6,5%) em classe especial e 54 (51%) em escola especial. Crianças que frequentavam a escolar regular apresentavam predominantemente SCFMG nível I ou II, hemiplegia, epilepsia ausente ou com bom controle e fala normal ou disartria. Aqueles em escola especial eram crianças com SCFMG níveis III, IV e V, diplegia ou tetraplegia, epilepsia refratária e atraso na fala ou sua ausência. CONCLUSÕES: Até o momento, a inclusão de crianças com PC em escolas regulares parece trazer benefícios para aquelas com hemiplegia, nível I ou II do SCMFG, sem epilepsia e com fala normal.
É possível a ética do discurso de HABERMAS para pessoas com deficiência?
Authors: Sella Ana Carolina , Muller Maria Cristina
Published: November 2011

O presente estudo objetiva discutir, em primeiro lugar, a possibilidade de participação de pessoas com deficiência(s) no discurso, na ação e na interlocução. Em segundo lugar, analisa-se a Ética do Discurso de Jürgen Habermas e sua relação com a possibilidade de participação de pessoas com deficiência(s) no discurso, na ação e na interlocução; essa ideia é corroborada pelo fato de defensores e autodefensores de pessoas com deficiência sugerirem que a teoria de Habermas e sua Ética do Discurso deveriam servir como base para a busca/luta por equidade de respeito e de oportunidades. Apesar de a teoria de Habermas parecer referir-se apenas a pessoas que são capazes de falar por si mesmas “naturalmente”, isto é, a pessoas que não necessitam de modificações ambientais para participarem do discurso, da ação e da locução, a Ética do Discurso de Habermas levanta uma questão urgente a ser enfrentada pela sociedade humana: o respeito à pluralidade humana.
Concepções de surdez: a visão do surdo que se comunica em língua de sinais
Authors: Lopes Mara Aparecida de Castilho , Leite Lúcia Pereira
Published: November 2011

Na atualidade, diversas concepções sobre surdez estão presentes na sociedade. Tais concepções, em geral, caracterizam-se pela disputa teórica entre possibilidades comunicativas - oral ou gestual - fundamentadas na importância da apropriação de um código linguístico para o desenvolvimento da linguagem, constitutiva da subjetividade do ser humano. Nesse direcionamento, este estudo objetivou identificar as concepções dos próprios sujeitos surdos a respeito de sua condição. Para coletar os dados da pesquisa utilizou-se um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado, que foi aplicado a dez participantes surdos, adultos e usuários da Língua Brasileira de Sinais - Libras. As entrevistas foram filmadas, transcritas e submetidas à análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicam que as concepções de surdez dos surdos constituem uma visão multifacetada sobre essa condição, influenciada pelas relações sociais estabelecidas ao longo de suas trajetórias de vida. Percebeu-se também que o aprendizado da Libras possibilitou aos surdos a própria autoafirmação enquanto ser diferente, com necessidades distintas.
Overview of the Guidelines and Evidence for the Pharmacologic Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Liday Cara
Published: November 2011

The number of novel treatment options for type 2 diabetes mellitus, including those with distinctive mechanisms of action, has risen sharply this decade, and health care providers must be aware of the drugs' safety and efficacy in order to provide patients with the best care possible. Guidelines for type 2 diabetes provide recommendations for initiating and continuing treatment that will enable patients to achieve glycemic control and maintain it over time. Several recently completed, large clinical trials have provided information pertaining to potential benefits and risks of achieving specific treatment goals, and medical professionals should consider applying the insights from these trials when optimizing care for their patients. The pharmacist plays an essential role in helping patients achieve and maintain tight glycemic control by assisting other health care providers in understanding and utilizing the guidelines as part of individualized treatment regimens.
Erosion control and protection from torrential floods in Serbia-spatial aspects
Authors: Ristic Ratko , Radic Boris , Nikic Zoran , Trivan Goran , Vasiljevic Nevena , Dragicevic Slavoljub , Zivkovic Nenad , Radosavljevic Zoran
Published: November 2011

Torrential floods represent the most frequent phenomenon within the category
of ?natural risks? in Serbia. The representative examples are the torrential
floods on the experimental watersheds of the rivers Manastirica (June 1996)
and Kamisna (May 2007). Hystorical maximal discharges (Qmaxh) were
reconstructed by use of ?hydraulics flood traces? method. Computations of
maximal discharges (Qmaxc), under hydrological conditions after the
restoration of the watersheds, were performed by use of a synthetic unit
hydrograph theory and Soil Conservation Service methodology. Area sediment
yields and intensity of erosion processes were estimated on the basis of the
?Erosion Potential Method?. The actual state of erosion processes is
represented by the coefficients of erosion Z=0.475 (Manastirica) and Z=0.470
(Kamisna). Restoration works have been planned with a view to decreasing
yields of erosive material, increasing water infiltration capacity and
reducing flood runoff. The planned state of erosion processes is represented
by the coefficients of erosion Z=0.343 (Manastirica) and Z=0.385 (Kamisna).
The effects of hydrological changes were estimated by the comparison of
historical maximal discharges and computed maximal discharges (under the
conditions after the planned restoration). The realisation of restoration
works will help decrease annual yields of erosive material from W?=24357 m3
to W?=16198.0 m3 (Manastirica) and from W?=19974 m3 to W?=14434 m3 (Kamisna).
The values of historical maximal discharges (QmaxhMan=154.9 m3?s-1;
QmaxhKam=76.3 m3?s-1) were significantly decreased after the restoration
(QmaxcMan=84.5 m3 ?s-1; QmaxcKam=43.7 m3?s-1), indicating the improvement of
hydrological conditions, as a direct consequence of erosion and torrent
control works. Integrated management involves biotechnical works on the
watershed, technical works on the hydrographic network within a precisely
defined administrative and spatial framework in order to achieve maximum
security for people and their property and to meet other requirements such
as: environmental protection, sustainable soil usage, drinking water supply,
rural development, biodiversity sustaining, etc. The lowest and the most
effective level is attained through PAERs (Plans for announcement of erosive
regions) and PPTFs (Plans for protection from torrential floods), with HZs
(Hazard zones) and TAs (Threatened areas) mapping on the basis of spatial
analysis of important factors in torrential floods formation. Solutions
defined through PAERs and PPTFs must be integrated into Spatial Plans at
local and regional levels.
Inhibition of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases Ameliorates Hypertension-Induced Renal Vascular Remodeling in Rat Models
Authors: Jing Li , Zhang Jianzhong , Sun Jinping , Guo Fengying , An Xin , Yang Kan , Li Ping Andy
Published: November 2011

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor, PD98059, on high blood pressure and related vascular changes. Blood pressure was recorded, thicknesses of renal small artery walls were measured and ERK1/2 immunoreactivity and erk2 mRNA in renal vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells were detected by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in normotensive wistar kyoto (WKY) rats, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and PD98059-treated SHR. Compared with normo-tensive WKY rats, SHR developed hypertension at 8 weeks of age, thickened renal small artery wall and asymmetric arrangement of VSMCs at 16 and 24 weeks of age. Phospho-ERK1/2 immunoreactivity and erk2 mRNA expression levels were increased in VSMCs and endothelial cells of the renal small arteries in the SHR. Treating SHR with PD98059 reduced the spontaneous hypertension-induced vascular wall thickening. This effect was associated with suppressions of erk2 mRNA expression and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in VSMCs and endothelial cells of the renal small arteries. It is concluded that inhibition of ERK1/2 ameliorates hypertension induced vascular remodeling in renal small arteries.
The New Pelagic Operational Observatory of the Catalan Sea (OOCS) for the Multisensor Coordinated Measurement of Atmospheric and Oceanographic Conditions
Authors: Bahamon Nixon , Aguzzi Jacopo , Bernardello Raffaele , Ahumada-Sempoal Miguel-Angel , Puigdefabregas Joan , Cateura Jordi , Muñoz Eduardo , Velásquez Zoila , Cruzado Antonio
Published: November 2011

The new pelagic Operational Observatory of the Catalan Sea (OOCS) for the coordinated multisensor measurement of atmospheric and oceanographic conditions has been recently installed (2009) in the Catalan Sea (41°39'N, 2°54'E; Western Mediterranean) and continuously operated (with minor maintenance gaps) until today. This multiparametric platform is moored at 192 m depth, 9.3 km off Blanes harbour (Girona, Spain). It is composed of a buoy holding atmospheric sensors and a set of oceanographic sensors measuring the water conditions over the upper 100 m depth. The station is located close to the head of the Blanes submarine canyon where an important multispecies pelagic and demersal fishery gives the station ecological and economic relevance. The OOCS provides important records on atmospheric and oceanographic conditions, the latter through the measurement of hydrological and biogeochemical parameters, at depths with a time resolution never attained before for this area of the Mediterranean. Twenty four moored sensors and probes operating in a coordinated fashion provide important data on Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs; UNESCO) such as temperature, salinity, pressure, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll fluorescence, and turbidity. In comparison with other pelagic observatories presently operating in other world areas, OOCS also measures photosynthetic available radiation (PAR) from above the sea surface and at different depths in the upper 50 m. Data are recorded each 30 min and transmitted in real-time to a ground station via GPRS. This time series is published and automatically updated at the frequency of data collection on the official OOCS website (http://www.ceab.csic.es/~oceans). Under development are embedded automated routines for the in situ data treatment and assimilation into numerical models, in order to provide a reliable local marine processing forecast. In this work, our goal is to detail the OOCS multisensor architecture in relation to the coordinated capability for the remote, continuous and prolonged monitoring of atmospheric and oceanographic conditions, including data communication and storage. Accordingly, time series of measurements for a number of biological parameters will be presented for the summer months of 2011. Marine hindcast outputs from the numerical models implemented for simulating the conditions over the study area are shown. The strong changes of atmospheric conditions recorded in the last years over the area have altered the marine conditions of living organisms, but the dimension of the impact remains unclear. The OOCS multisensor coordinated monitoring has been specifically designed to address this issue, thus contributing to better understand the present environmental fluctuations and to provide a sound basis for a more accurate marine forecast system.
Modeling and Analysis of an Energy-Efficient Mobility Management Scheme in IP-Based Wireless Networks
Authors: Hwang Ho Young , Kwon Sun-Jong , Chung Yun Won , Sung Dan Keun , Park Suwon
Published: November 2011

An energy-efficient mobility management scheme in IP-based wireless networks is proposed to reduce the battery power consumption of mobile hosts (MHs). The proposed scheme manages seven MH states, including transmitting, receiving, attention/cell-connected, attention/paging area(PA)-connected, idle, off/attached, and detached states, to efficiently manage battery power, radio resources, and network load. We derive the stationary probabilities and steady state probabilities of the seven MH states for the proposed scheme in IP-based wireless networks in compact form. The effects of various input parameters on MH steady state probabilities and power consumption are investigated in the proposed scheme compared to the conventional scheme. Network costs such as cell updates, PA updates, binding-lifetime-based registrations, and paging messages are analyzed in the proposed and conventional schemes. The optimal values of PA size and registration interval are derived to minimize the network cost of the proposed scheme. The combined network and power costs are investigated for the proposed and conventional schemes. The results provide guidelines to select the proper system parameters in IP-based wireless networks.
A critical analysis of Gretha Wiid�s sex ideology and her biblical hermeneutics
Authors: Nortj�-Meyer Lilly
Published: November 2011

Gretha Wiid and Angus Buchan have established themselves as the moral gurus of the Afrikaner Christian community with their �Worthy Women� and �Mighty Men� mass conferences. Wiid is also often invited by the broadcast media to participate in TV and radio talks to discuss her views on relationships and sex � she is even invited by popular Afrikaans singers to share the stage with them. Recently, Gretha Wiid was again on the front pages of popular magazines to promote her and her husband�s views on sex and sexuality based �on the Bible�. She suggests that women hand over their sexuality, their bodies and their sexual decisions completely into the hands of men. Her view is that the husband is the king, prophet and priest in the family and should be honoured accordingly. The aim of this article was to use Wiid�s public appearances and publications as a case study to analyse her statements, hermeneutic principles and procedures and to demonstrate how her interpretation of sex and sexuality is infused by heteropatriarchal biblical discourse. The purpose of the article was to unveil the hermeneutic principles �ordinary� Christians such as Wiid apply in interpreting biblical texts and how these are culturally inscribed on women�s and children�s bodies.
A tale of two interfaces: How facets affect the library catalog search
Authors: Ramdeen Sarah , Hemminger Bradley M.
Published: November 2011

In the summer of 2008 all University of North Carolina libraries switched from a traditional library catalog interface supporting text‐based searching (TextOnly) to a text and facet‐based interface (TextFacet) to improve users' search experiences. This study seeks to understand the differences between these two interfaces and how they affect the search experience of the novice user. In this study, 40 participants were asked to search for resources using both interfaces. Their search times and accuracy were measured across three types of search tasks (known, partially known, and exploratory). After completing the searches, they were asked a series of questions about their experiences. The data were analyzed in order to identify strengths and weaknesses in both search interfaces. Thirty‐six out of 40 participants preferred the TextFacet interface to the TextOnly interface. Using three dependent variables—time, accuracy, and rating—the two interfaces were compared and interactions were tested with the three task types. Search times for the TextFacet were shorter and participants preferred the TextFacet search interface over the TextOnly search interface. Performances across the three task types were different in terms of search time. The partially known and exploratory task types showed similar distributions for rating and accuracy. These distributions were distinctly different from the known task type. The results of this study may assist libraries in developing improved library catalog search interfaces that utilize facets as well as text searching.
Investigation of the impact of Tat export pathway enhancement on E. coli culture, protein production and early stage recovery
Authors: Branston Steven D. , Matos Cristina F.R.O. , Freedman Robert B. , Robinson Colin , Keshavarz‐Moore Eli
Published: November 2011

The twin arginine translocation (Tat) pathway occurs naturally in E. coli and has the distinct ability to translocate folded proteins across the inner membrane of the cell. It has the potential to export commercially useful proteins that cannot be exported by the ubiquitous Sec pathway. To better understand the bioprocess potential of the Tat pathway, this article addresses the fermentation and downstream processing performances of E. coli strains with a wild‐type Tat system exporting the over‐expressed substrate protein FhuD. These were compared to strains cell‐engineered to over‐express the Tat pathway, since the native export capacity of the Tat pathway is low. This low capacity makes the pathway susceptible to saturation by over‐expressed substrate proteins, and can result in compromised cell integrity. However, there is concern in the literature that over‐expression of membrane proteins, like those of the Tat pathway, can impact negatively upon membrane integrity itself. Under controlled fermentation conditions E. coli cells with a wild‐type Tat pathway showed poor protein accumulation, reaching a periplasmic maximum of only 0.5 mg L−1 of growth medium. Cells over‐expressing the Tat pathway showed a 25% improvement in growth rate, avoided pathway saturation, and showed 40‐fold higher periplasmic accumulation of FhuD. Moreover, this was achieved whilst conserving the integrity of cells for downstream processing: experimentation comparing the robustness of cells to increasing levels of shear showed no detrimental effect from pathway over‐expression. Further experimentation on spheroplasts generated by the lysozyme/osmotic shock method—a scaleable way to release periplasmic protein—showed similar robustness between strains. A scale‐down mimic of continuous disk‐stack centrifugation predicted clarifications in excess of 90% for both intact cells and spheroplasts. Cells over‐expressing the Tat pathway performed comparably to cells with the wild‐type system. Overall, engineering E. coli cells to over‐express the Tat pathway allowed for greater periplasmic yields of FhuD at the fermentation scale without compromising downstream processing performance. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:983–991. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inhibition of glutamine‐dependent autophagy increases t‐PA production in CHO Cell fed‐batch processes
Authors: Jardon Mario A. , Sattha Beheroze , Braasch Katrin , Leung Amy O. , Côté Hélène C.F. , Butler Michael , Gorski Sharon M. , Piret James M.
Published: November 2011

Understanding the cellular responses caused by metabolic stress is crucial for the design of robust fed‐batch bioprocesses that maximize the expression of recombinant proteins. Chinese hamster ovary cells were investigated in chemically defined, serum‐free cultures yielding 107 cells/mL and up to 500 mg/L recombinant tissue‐plasminogen activator (t‐PA). Upon glutamine depletion increased autophagosome formation and autophagic flux were observed, along with decreased proliferation and high viability. Higher lysosomal levels correlated with decreased productivity. Chemical inhibition of autophagy with 3‐methyl adenine (3‐MA) increased the t‐PA yield by 2.8‐fold. Autophagy‐related MAP1LC3 and LAMP2 mRNA levels increased continuously in all cultures. Analysis of protein quality revealed that 3‐MA treatment did not alter glycan antennarity while increasing fucosylation, galactosylation, and sialylation. Taken together, these findings indicate that inhibition of autophagy can considerably increase the yield of biotechnology fed‐batch processes, without compromising the glycosylation capacity of cells. Monitoring or genetic engineering of autophagy provides novel avenues to improve the performance of cell culture‐based recombinant protein production. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1228–1238. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.