bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peroxiredoxin promotes longevity and H2O2-resistance in yeast through redox-modulation of protein kinase A
Authors: Roger Friederike , Picazo Cecilia , Reiter Wolfgang , Libiad Marouane , Asami Chikako , Hanzén Sarah , Gao Chunxia , Lagniel Gilles , Welkenhuysen Niek , Labarre Jean , Nyström Thomas , Grøtli Morten , Hartl Markus , Toledano Michel B , Molin Mikael
Published: July 2020

Peroxiredoxins are H2O2scavenging enzymes that also carry out H2O2signaling and chaperone functions. In yeast, the major cytosolic peroxiredoxin, Tsa1 is required for both promoting resistance to H2O2and extending lifespan upon caloric restriction. We show here that Tsa1 effects both these functions not by scavenging H2O2, but by repressing the nutrient signaling Ras-cAMP-PKA pathway at the level of the protein kinase A (PKA) enzyme. Tsa1 stimulates sulfenylation of cysteines in the PKA catalytic subunit by H2O2and a significant proportion of the catalytic subunits are glutathionylated on two cysteine residues. Redox modification of the conserved Cys243 inhibits the phosphorylation of a conserved Thr241 in the kinase activation loop and enzyme activity, and preventing Thr241 phosphorylation can overcome the H2O2sensitivity of Tsa1-deficient cells. Results support a model of aging where nutrient signaling pathways constitute hubs integrating information from multiple aging-related conduits, including a peroxiredoxin-dependent response to H2O2.
Transition and factors associated with the level of physical activity combined with sedentary behavior of the elderly: A longitudinal study
Authors: Alves Silva Lilane Maria , Dos Santos Tavares Darlene Mara , Rodrigues Leiner Resende
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Physical activity and sedentary behavior are emerging issues in public health, especially in developing countries.Objective: To verify transition and factors related to physical activity combined with sedentary behavior among the elderly followed for 24 months.Materials and methods: We conducted a longitudinal observational study with people aged 60 years or over living in the urban area of Uberaba, Brazil. We collected the data from sociodemographic, health, and physical tests in 2014 and 2016 using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Katz Index, the Lawton and Brody Scale, the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). For the combined evaluation we considered a cutoff point of 150 minutes of physical activity per week and the percentile 75 (420 minutes/day) for sedentary behavior constituting the groups: Unsatisfactory (insufficient sum of physical activity and sedentary behavior), intermediate (loss of only one of the two components) and satisfactory (sufficient sum of physical activity and sedentary behavior). The statistical descriptive and inferential analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences™, version 21.0, considering p<0.05.Results: Of the 374 elderly, 61 (16.3%) improved their physical activity and sedentary behavior condition, 226 (60.4%) remained in the same category and 87 (23.3%) got worse. Unsatisfactory levels of physical activity and sedentary behavior were related to the eldest group (p=0.031), the absence of professional activity (p<0.001), the dependence for instrumental activities of daily living (p=0.013), and a worse physical performance (p<0.001).Conclusion: Our results showed a relationship between sociodemographic and health factors with physical activity and sedentary behavior, reiterating the need for further research on the subject.
Ivermectina subcutánea en el tratamiento de un síndrome de hiperinfección por Strongyloides stercoralis
Authors: Hennessey Diana Carolina , Ballesteros Óscar Andrés , Merchán Diego Javier , Guevara Freddy Orlando , Severiche Diego Fernando
Published: July 2020

La estrongiloidiasis es una enfermedad causada por el nematodo Strongyloides stercoralis, endémico en las regiones rurales de los países tropicales y subtropicales. Los pacientes inmunosuprimidos tienen un mayor riesgo de infección con este parásito y pueden terminar desarrollando un síndrome de hiperinfección que conlleva un alto riesgo de muerte. En el tratamiento se utiliza la ivermectina, pero, ni en Colombia ni en el mundo, existe una presentación parenteral del medicamento para uso en humanos, lo cual es un problema en aquellos pacientes que puedan tener comprometida la absorción intestinal, como es el caso de aquellos con obstrucciones intestinales.Se reporta el caso de un síndrome de hiperinfección por S. stercoralis en Colombia tratado con ivermectina subcutánea; la idea al presentarlo es incentivar los estudios de farmacocinética y farmacodinamia que analicen esta vía de administración como alternativa para el tratamiento de pacientes con riesgo de fracaso terapéutico con la vía oral.
Beyond loot boxes: a variety of gambling-like practices in video games are linked to both problem gambling and disordered gaming
Authors: Zendle David
Published: July 2020

A variety of practices have recently emerged which relate to both video games and gambling. These range from opening loot boxes, to esports betting, real-money video gaming, token wagering, and social casino spending. It is unknown either how harmful or how widespread many of these activities are. A sample of 1,081 adults from the UK aged 18+ was therefore recruited. This sample was purposively recruited via quota sampling to represent the UK population in terms of sex, age, and ethnicity. Engagement in all forms of gaming-related practices were significantly associated with both problem gambling and disordered gaming. A total of 18.5% of the sample had engaged in these activities at least once in the new year. These results suggest a convergent ecosystem of practices that relate to both video games and gambling. Engagement in each of these activities is linked to problem gambling. However, it remains unclear whether engagement in these activities causes problem gambling.
Functional, Sensory and Cooking Qualities of Acha-Tigernut Noodles
Authors: Ayo J. A. , Atondo D. M.
Published: July 2020

The functional, sensory and cooking characteristics of noodles from blends of Acha-tigernut composite flour were investigated. The flour blends and noodles produced were analyzed for functional properties and cooking characteristics. The tiger nut flour was substituted into acha flour at 5, 10, 15 and 20% to produce Acha-tigernut composite flour which was used with other ingredients (salt and powdered ginger) to produce acha-tigernut based noodles. The functional properties of the flour, sensory and cooking characteristics of the noodles produced were determined. The water absorption capacity and swelling capacity increased from 210.59 to 215.53 (g/g) and 524.43 to 586.57, respectively with increase in tigernut flour. While oil absorption, solubility and bulk density decreases from 209.80 to 192.72 (g/g), 10.17 to 5.19 and 0.79 to 0.61 (g/ml) respectively. The swelling capacity ranged from 524.43 to 586.57 (%) with an increase in tigernut flour. The final viscosity of the samples was found to range from 2833.00to 2201.00 (m2/s). The peak properties decreased from 2680.67 to 1580.33 (RVU). The pasting temperature increases from 82.47to 87.57°C. The addition of tigernut decreased the trough, breakdown and peak time from 1730.67 to 1205.67, 985.67 to 434.67, and 5.84 to 5.71 RVU, respectively. The average mean scores for colour decreased from 6.95 to -6.30(%) While that of taste, flavor, texture and general acceptability increased from 5.55 to 6.60, 5.95 to 6.85 (%), 5.95 to 6.44 (%) and 6.70 to 6.83 (%), respectively, as the percentage of tigernut increased.
Evaluation of Rhizosphere Bacterial Antagonists for the Management of Fusarium Wilt in Tomato Plants
Authors: Shiva Bhanothu , Srinivas P. , Khulbe Deepa
Published: July 2020

Fusarium wilt of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici is a serious problem limiting tomato production worldwide. The intent of the study was to evaluate potential of bacterial antagonists to suppress fusarium wilt disease development and evaluate the role of the strains as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in tomato. Among fifty-two bacterial strains isolated from rhizoplane and rhizosphere of healthy tomato roots, five isolates viz. isolate-01, isolate-17, isolate-23, isolate-24 and isolate-32 were found highly inhibitory against mycelial growth of Fusarium sp., in dual cultures.  Highest inhibition of radial mycelial growth of pathogen in dual culture was induced by isolate-24 (72.2%) followed by isolate-32 (71.9%). In greenhouse experiments percent disease incidence (PDI) was lower in artificially inoculated tomato plants treated with isolate-32 (7.8%) and isolate-24 (8.9%), with percent disease reduction over control of 85.6% and 83.6%, respectively. These isolates also exhibited significant difference in seed germination percentage under artificial inoculation along with pathogen, highest germination percentage was recorded by isolate-32 (91%) followed by isolate-24 (89%) as compared to pathogen inoculated control (24%). The study concluded that the two native rhizobacteria isolated from root zone of healthy tomato plants could successfully protect the tomato plants from the lethal infection by Fusarium sp. while enhancing the germination of the treated plants.
A Survey of Concentrations and Source Characterization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Surface Waters of the Imiringi River System
Authors: Aigberua A. O.
Published: July 2020

Ten water samples were collected along the Imiringi water channel, cutting across several sub-communities of the upstream to downstream sections of the river. All samples were collected in the month of August 2019, reflecting increased tidal movement of water and aggravated pollutants redistribution which is typical of the rainy season. Analysis was carried out using the HP 6890 Plus gas chromatograph – flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The rate of ionization of each PAH component was directly proportional to the obtained concentration. The total concentrations of 14 PAHs ranged from <0.01 to 300.1 µgL-1, with the high molecular mass PAHs (4-6 ring HPAHs) observed as the most important fractions showing 82.4% distribution. Also, the low molecular mass PAHs (2-3 ring LPAHs) were found in trace concentrations, accounting for 17.6% of total PAH mass. The application of PAH source diagnostic ratios revealed vegetation and coal combustion as primary sources, followed by petroleum combustion, and then, petroleum sources. Correlation cluster analysis (CCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) showed discrete localization for samples of stations OL1, OB2 and OS4. The pyrogenic inputs are most likely from runoffs of seasonally burnt vegetation at near-coastal farmlands as well as leachates from surrounding waste-dumpsites. Petroleum sources may have resulted from neighbouring oil installations and illegal oil bunkering sites. Overall, the study is aimed at identifying the most important contributing sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) micro-pollutants in the aquatic environment.
Specialized Lead Design of Leadframe Packages for Improved Mold Adhesion
Authors: Gomez Frederick Ray , Rodriguez Rennier
Published: July 2020

This paper presents an advanced design of Quad-Flat No-leads (QFN) and Quad-Flat Package (QFP) leadframe to mitigate the propagation of delamination between high stress level areas particularly the mold-to-leads interface. The integration of through-hole mechanism on leadframe provides mechanical anchoring of mold material to the lead junction interface and/or vice versa. To produce interlocking, the through-hole design will be penetrated by the epoxy mold compound during conventional molding process affixing each individual lead to the encapsulation material. On the other hand, the package design is materialized through repeated cycle of chemical etching and masking process during leadframe manufacturing, the mechanical anchoring can be implemented on the conventional design of carriers. This approach, considering the design and assembly method of the new leadframe design, is a cost-effective alternative in improving the interfaces of key material such as mold and leadframe.
Mental health care at the psychosocial care center under the family’s look
Authors: Vasconcelos Mardênia Gomes Ferreira , BEZERRA INDARA CAVALCANTE , Paula Milena Lima de , Pereira Sabrina da Silva , Meneses Kathyanne de Vasconcelos , Jorge Maria Salete Bessa
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: Discutir o cuidado em saúde mental prestado pela equipe do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial geral a partir dos discursos de familiares, descrevendo as transformações vivenciadas com a mudança ocorrida no modelo de atenção em saúde mental. Métodos: Trata-se de uma investigação descritiva com abordagem qualitativa. Para a coleta de dados, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com os familiares que desempenham papel de cuidadores de usuários do serviço. Utilizou-se o genograma e o ecomapa para caracterização das família e suas redes de apoio. A análise dos dados deu-se por meio da Análise de Conteúdo Temática. Resultados: Os familiares se sentem apoiados e acolhidos no serviço e o reconhecem como forte recurso terapêutico. No entanto, ainda existem muitos limites nos serviços de atenção psicossocial. Conclusão: Diante desse cenário, apresenta-se, como desafio, desenvolver métodos e técnicas práticas capazes de qualificar a assistência aos familiares.
Perspectives of man submitted to penectomy
Authors: Madriaga Luiz Carlos Veiga , Souza Silvia Sant'Anna Silva de , Pereira Gicélia Lombardo , Aguiar Beatriz Gerbassi Costa
Published: July 2020

Objective: this article aims to describe the perspectives of patient submitted submitted to penectomy and to know the perspectives of this patient after the penectomy. Methods: its a case study realized in a federal hospital of Rio de Janeiro city with two patients who were admitted to the hospital during 2017 and underwent to penectomy surgery. The data collection was realized during 2018 with a semi-structured interview. The participants were protected by the ethics principles established by the resolution 466/ 2012 of the National Health Council and this study was approved under the number 2.769.381. Results: it was found that penectomy in this case studies was the only therapy. Thereby, the desire of being among their family and to extend their life was determinants to adhere the therapy. Conclusion: it was concluded that even with the changes in their body, the penectomy was realized to extend the life.
A new protocol for long‐term culture of a specific subpopulation of liver cancer stem cells enriched by cell surface markers
Authors: Zhang Biao , Wang Hai‐Yang , Wang Dong‐Xing , Zeng Quan , Fan Zeng , Xi Jia‐Fei , Nan Xue , He Li‐Juan , Zhou Jun‐Nian , Pei Xue‐Tao , Yue Wen
Published: July 2020

Liver cancer stem cells (L‐CSCs) are considered to be an important therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study provides a new in vitro long‐term culture model for a specific subpopulation of L‐CSCs enriched by cell surface markers. We combined CD13, CD133 and EpCAM to selectively enrich L‐CSCs, which we then cultured in modified chemically defined medium. The enriched L‐CSCs exhibited enhanced proliferation, self‐renewal and long‐term clonal maintenance ability as compared with non‐CSCs. Compared with wild‐type hepatocellular carcinoma, the expression of stemness surface markers, oncogenes, drug resistance and tumorigenicity in enriched L‐CSCs was significantly increased. In summary, the subpopulation of L‐CSCs still maintains cancer stem cell‐related phenotypes after 14 days of culture.
Tracking control of vertical taking‐off and landing vehicles with parametric uncertainty
Authors: Dong Wenjie , Dony Md Nur‐Adam , Rafat Mohammad
Published: July 2020

This paper considers the position and attitude tracking control of a quadrotor with inertia parameter uncertainty. With the aid of the cascade structure of the dynamics of the system, an immersion and invariance observer is proposed to estimate the unknown mass of the system first. Secondly, a saturation controller is designed for the thrust force. Thirdly, a virtual controller is proposed for the angular velocity of the quadrotor with the aid of a nonlinear transform of the Euler angles. Finally, adaptive and robust controllers are proposed for the torque input of the quadrotor to deal with the unknown inertia moment of the system. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Machine Learning‐Enabled Smart Sensor Systems
Authors: Ha Nam , Xu Kai , Ren Guanghui , Mitchell Arnan , Ou Jian Zhen
Published: July 2020

Recent advancements and major breakthroughs in machine learning (ML) technologies in the past decade have made it possible to collect, analyze, and interpret an unprecedented amount of sensory information. A new era for “smart” sensor systems is emerging that changes the way that conventional sensor systems are used to understand the world. Smart sensor systems have taken advantage of classic and emerging ML algorithms and modern computer hardware to create sophisticated “smart” models that are tailored specifically for sensing applications and fusing diverse sensing modalities to gain a more holistic appreciation of the system being monitored. Herein, a review of the recent sensing applications, which harness ML enabled smart sensor systems, is presented. First well‐known ML algorithms implemented in smart sensor systems for practical sensing applications are discussed. Subsequent sections summarize the practical sensing applications under two major categories: physical and chemical sensing and visual imaging sensing describing how the sensor technologies are coupled with ML “smart” models and how these systems achieve practical benefits. Finally, an outlook on the current trajectory and challenges that will be faced by future smart sensing systems and the opportunities that may be unlocked is provided.
Secular change in height and weight of rural school children and youth in west‐central Poland: 1986 to 2016
Authors: Bartkowiak Sylwia , Konarski Jan M. , Strzelczyk Ryszard , Janowski Jarosław , Malina Robert M.
Published: July 2020

Objective

To evaluate secular changes in the heights and weights of rural school youth in west‐central Poland across decennial surveys of the same communities spanning 1986 and 2016.

Methods

Heights and weights of school youth 7 to 15 years in 10 rural communities in the vicinity of the city of Poznań were measured in 1986 (1417 boys, 1326 girls), 1996 (979 boys, 947 girls), 2006 (871 boys, 843 girls), and 2016 (1189 boys, 1105 girls). Descriptive statistics for sex‐specific single year chronological age groups were calculated by survey, while the sample was partitioned into three age groups (7‐9, 10‐12, 13‐15 years) for detailed analysis of changes across surveys using sex‐specific ANCOVA with age and age2 as covariates. Pairwise post hoc comparisons between specific surveys, adjusted for multiple comparisons (Bonferroni), were evaluated.

Results

Heights and weights of rural school youth increased significantly between 1986 and 2016, but estimated secular gains between adjacent surveys were variable and not linear over time.

Conclusion

Significant secular changes occurred in the heights and weights of rural school children in the 10 rural communities between 1986 and 2016, but estimated rates of change across sequential decennial surveys were variable. The results were generally consistent with corresponding studies of Polish youth.
Neurocognitive development and capabilities in boys with 49,XXXXY syndrome
Authors: Gropman Andrea L. , Porter Grace F. , Lasutschinkow Patricia C. , Sadeghin Teresa , Tipton Elizabeth S. , Powell Sherida , Samango‐Sprouse Carole A.
Published: July 2020

49,XXXXY was previously associated with profound to severe intellectual deficits. However, prior research papers on the cognitive profiles of this population were confounded by small samples sizes, wide age spreads, and incomplete histories of testosterone replacement therapy. This study is the first comprehensive, international investigation of the neurocognitive aspects of 49,XXXXY, and the potential effects of biological treatment on this profile. Sixty‐seven boys from infancy to 11 years of age were enrolled in this longitudinal study, with the majority of boys postnatally diagnosed though chromosomal analysis. These boys received a comprehensive neurocognitive evaluation tailored to specific language‐based deficits and cognitive challenges. Results revealed higher neurocognitive capacities, both verbally and nonverbally, than previously reported in this disorder. Infant boys with 49,XXXXY who received early hormonal therapy (EHT) had significantly higher scores on the cognitive domain of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development than untreated infants (p = .013). In addition, treated school‐aged participants had significantly better scaled scores than untreated boys in form completion (p = .042), a task that requires deductive reasoning, on nonverbal testing on the Leiter International Performance Scales. This study indicates greater cognitive capacities with a wide range of abilities in the child with 49,XXXXY, thus warranting further investigation to identify and understand the critical influences on the etiology and the variability of those capacities.
Facile preparation and strong adhesive strength of honeycomb polyurethane films with small pore diameter
Authors: Hong Zhen , Xue Mingshan , Luo Yidan , Yin Zuozhu , Xie Chan , Ou Junfei , Wang Fajun
Published: July 2020

With the continuous development of bionics, such as, geckos and virginia creeper with both superhydrophobic and super‐adhesive, the surface wetting and super‐adhesive properties of various porous materials have attracted extensive attention of the scientific and medical communities. Here, the honeycomb polyurethane (PU) porous films with strong adhesion were successfully prepared by microphase separation method and the effects of growth parameters on their microstructure and adhesive strength to ice were investigated. It was found that a high relative humidity (e.g., 100%) and a low solution concentration (e.g., 2%) facilitated the formation of ordered honeycomb PU porous films, and as‐prepared PU pores with average pore diameter as small as 5 μm are better ordered and more uniform than these in related documents. Although the contact angle of water droplets on the surface of PU porous films increased from the premodification value of 85–130° to more than 160° after surface modification with polydopamine (PDA), the corresponding rolling angle remained approximately constant (180°), indicating that the surface of PU porous films has strong adhesion similar to geckos and virginia creeper. Furthermore, at lower temperature, the PU porous films exhibited the high adhesive strength of 142.13 kPa on ice, which was strongly dependent on the porous microstructures and surface compositions. The improved adhesive behavior to ice of honeycomb PU porous films modified with PDA provides new strategies for surface modification of materials and potential applications in medical domain.
Host‐Guest Complexations Between Pillar[6]arenes and Neutral Pentaerythritol Derivatives
Authors: Han Chengyou , Zhao Dezhi , Dong Shengyi
Published: July 2020

It is demonstrated that three kinds of neutral pentaerythritol derivatives possess promising host‐guest complexations with pillar[6]arenes both in solution and in the solid state. The inclusion structures were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography. The complexation properties in different solvents were also investigated.
Early optical imaging polarimetry of type I superluminous supernova 2020ank
Authors: Lee Chien‐Hsiu
Published: July 2020

We present imaging polarimetry observations of the recently discovered type I superluminous supernova 2020ank, in order to use (a)symmetry of the ejecta and SN photosphere that manifest themselves in the supernova lights as a probe of its explosion mechanism and investigate the energy sources that power the superluminous supernovae behind the scene. We have obtained linear imaging polarimetry in the optical with the Alhambra Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera mounted on the 2.5 m Nordic Optical Telescope. Our observations on March 1, 2020 manifest negligible polarization at 0.6 ± 0.3% level, shortly after the supernova reached its maximum brightness in mid‐February. The low degree of polarization implies that the explosion of SN 2020ank is nearly spherical; this is consistent with results of polarimetric observations of other superluminous supernovae at early epochs.
The Feasibility and Outcomes of Genetic Testing for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders on an Inpatient Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Service
Authors: Besterman Aaron D. , Sadik Joshua , Enenbach Michael J. , Quintero‐Rivera Fabiola , DeAntonio Mark , Martinez‐Agosto Julian A.
Published: July 2020

Diagnostic genetic testing is recommended for children with autism spectrum disorder and other neurodevelopmental disorders. One approach to improve access to genetic testing is to offer it on the inpatient child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP) service. We provided medical genetics education to CAP fellows and retrospectively compared the genetic testing rates and diagnostic yield pre‐ and post‐education. We compared demographics to similar patients who received testing on other clinical services and assessed rates of outpatient genetics follow‐up post‐discharge. The genetic testing rate on the inpatient CAP service was 1.6% before the educational intervention and 10.7% afterward. Genetic risk factors were identified in 4.3% of inpatients. However, 34.8% had variants of unknown significance. 39.1% of patients who received genetic testing while inpatients were underrepresented minorities, compared to 7.7% of inpatients who received genetic testing from other clinical services. 43.5% of patients were lost to outpatient genetics follow‐up. We have demonstrated that it is feasible to provide medical genetics education to CAP fellows on an inpatient service, which may improve genetic testing rates. This preliminary evidence also suggests that genetic testing for inpatients may identify variants of unknown significance instead of well‐known neurodevelopmental disorder risk variants. Genetic testing on an inpatient CAP service may also improve access to genetic services for underrepresented minorities, but assuring outpatient follow‐up can be challenging.

Lay Summary

Genetic testing is recommended for children with autism and related developmental conditions. We provided genetic testing to a group of these children who were in a psychiatric hospital by teaching their doctors how it can be helpful. We identified a genetic risk factor in a small percentage of children and a possible genetic risk factor in a large percentage of children. However, many children did not end up receiving their genetic test results once they left the hospital. These results tell us that the psychiatric hospital may be a good place for children with autism and behavioral problems to get genetic testing, but that it is really important that doctors assure follow‐up is feasible for all patients to receive their genetic test results once they leave the hospital. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1450–1464. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Engineering the Gut Microbiome for Treatment of Obesity: A Review of Current Understanding and Progress
Authors: Lim Yvonne Yijuan , Lee Yung Seng , Ooi Delicia Shu Qin
Published: July 2020

Obesity is a complex, multifactorial disease that is increasing in prevalence despite extensive research and efforts to curb it. Over the last decade, gut microbiome has emerged as an important contributor to the pathogenesis of obesity. Microbiome profile is altered in obese phenotype and the causative role of microbiome in obesity is demonstrated in fecal microbiota transplantation studies. Herein, recent evidences supporting the role of gut microbiome in obesity and the current therapies designed to engineer gut microbiome for treatment of obesity will be reviewed. The microbial enterotypes associated with obesity is outlined, and the gut microbiota‐driven metabolism and low‐grade inflammation linking gut microbiome and obesity is examined. How the different intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as host genetics, mode of childbirth delivery, diet, lifestyle habits and use of antibiotics influence the composition of the gut microbiome in the development of obesity is evaluated. Also, the efficacy of current microbiome‐based therapies in the forms of prebiotics, probiotics and engineered microbes that are used to manipulate gut microbiome in treating obesity is discussed.
Optimization of Single‐Column Batch and Multicolumn Continuous Protein A Chromatography and Performance Comparison Based on Mechanistic Model
Authors: Guo Jing , Jin Mi , Kanani Dharmesh
Published: July 2020

Expensive Protein A chromatography resins drive the need to maximize process productivity as well as resin capacity utilization. To this end, two strategies are explored. The first one is termed “super‐batch,” which utilizes a single short‐bed‐height column with rapid cycling to increase productivity, combined with variable load flow rates to enhance resin capacity utilization. The second one is multicolumn continuous chromatography, which utilizes multiple columns in the load zone to achieve high resin capacity utilization. The general rate model is used to simulate and optimize single‐column super‐batch and multicolumn continuous chromatography. Compared to conventional long‐bed‐height chromatography, both strategies yield productivity enhancements of 2.5‐fold at 1, threefold at 5, and fourfold at 15 g L−1 of feed titer. Using the mechanistic model, the performances of conventional batch, single‐column super‐batch, and multicolumn continuous Protein A chromatography are investigated at a 2000 L scale considering perfusion and fed‐batch cell culture processes. Multicolumn continuous chromatography achieves resin capacity utilization >90%, 16% higher than that of the super‐batch process for a 15 g L−1 cell culture process, and it does not show any meaningful performance improvement compared to the single‐column super‐batch process in a low‐titer perfusion cell culture process.
Development of competency‐based training system in Assiut‐ITEC: A case study
Authors: Ahmed Adel , Sayed Khairy
Published: July 2020

Introduction

This paper presents a didactic model that was developed at Assiut Integrated Technical Education Cluster (ITEC) to support the implementation of a competency‐based training system (CBT). ITEC was established in Assiut, Egypt, to meet community demands, to raise the status of vocational education, and also to change the community perception of this type of education.

Objective

A new didactic model is introduced in terms of its conceptualization, realization, and evaluation. The model is built using concepts of competency‐based didactic methods. Didactic methods are implemented to help teachers support students in developing their ability to integrate skills, knowledge, and attitudes, such that they are able to solve professional technical tasks and challenges. A case study is applied in Assiut city using a competency‐based approach for the development and evaluation of training modules. These modules were first developed using learning situations. This includes determining the appropriate knowledge base for vocational and technical education teachers, core curriculum, minimal standards, new models of delivery, pedagogy, and connections with practice, relationships necessary with industry, research, and evaluation. The implementations of three programs at ITEC Assiut were based on discipline‐specific didactic methods with multiple integrated systems. The scheme adapts the training courses into a series of flexible modules.

Discussion

Integrated learning situations are developed to enrich students' skills in electrical technology modules. This system, called the competency‐based training, incorporates an intelligent didactic system. It is necessary to work continuously in small groups in order to achieve noticeable learning progress for the competencies to be gained successfully.
Electrodeposited Tin‐Antimony Alloys as Novel Electrocatalysts for Selective and Stable Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Formate
Authors: Lucas Francisco W. S. , Lima Fabio H. B.
Published: July 2020

The activity of SnSb alloy films as electrocatalysts for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to formate was presented for the first time. The effects of the film composition, electrochemical potential, and nature and concentration of the supporting electrolyte on the activity and long‐term stability of these catalysts were evaluated. Sn9Sb1 alloy exhibited improved long‐term stability when compared to pure Sn films, and this was attributed to the lower insertion of alkali and lower formation of hydride species, inhibiting the electrode disintegration. Additionally, the Sn9Sb1 film exhibited the highest faradaic efficiency (F.E.) among all prepared films, including pure Sn, reaching 96.2 % at −1.25 V vs. RHE. This was ascribed to the better balance between the number of Sn atoms (active species) exposed on the surface and the induced morphologic effect brought by the presence of Sb, generating cube‐shaped crystallites. These structures have a high number of undercoordinated surface atoms (located on the steps, corners, and kinks) and grain boundaries, resulting in more “reactive” Sn atoms, which serve as CO2 activation sites, increasing the overall activity and F.E. for formate production.
In Situ Electrochemical Formation of a Core‐Shell ZnFe2O4@Zn(Fe)OOH Heterostructural Catalyst for Efficient Water Oxidation in Alkaline Medium
Authors: Appiah‐Ntiamoah Richard , Baye Anteneh Fufa , Kim Hern
Published: July 2020

Low‐cost, stable and highly active electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are needed to improve the efficiency of hydrogen production via water splitting. However, developing such a catalyst is still a challenge. Zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) is non‐toxic and made from cheap and earth‐abundant materials making it a potential raw material for synthesizing “green” low‐cost catalysts for the OER. However, it has largely been ignored due to its low stability, conductivity and OER‐inactive Zn2+. Herein, ZnFe2O4 is used effectively as a pre‐catalyst to synthesize core‐shell ZnFe2O4@Zn(Fe)OOH polycrystalline heterostructures in situ via cyclic voltammetry. The ZnFe2O4@Zn(Fe)OOH heterostructures display much higher OER catalytic activity and stability than the benchmark RuO2 catalyst in alkaline medium, owing to its high conductivity, stability and electrochemically active surface area (ECSA). Our findings thus reveal a new and effective way by which ZnFe2O4 can be applied in water electrolysis.
Green and Eco‐Friendly Removal of Mycotoxins with Organo‐Bentonites; Isothermal, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Studies
Authors: Saeed Muhammad , Farooq Komal , Nafees Muhammad , Arshad Muhammad , Akhter Mohammad Salim , Waseem Amir
Published: July 2020

In the current study the application of organo‐modified bentonite for the adsorption of mycotoxins (aflatoxin B1, citrinin, patulin, and zearalenone) is presented. The modification of clays is carried out using benzyl‐tri‐n‐butyl ammonium bromide (BTB), benzethonium chloride (BTC), and dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DSS). Various experimental parameters such as pH, time, adsorbent dose, and mycotoxins concentration are thoroughly studied. The modified clays (B‐BTB, B‐BTC and B‐DSS) are characterized by X‐ray fluorescence, X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results depicted the high detoxification efficiency (≈99%) of modified clays for the removal of mycotoxins under optimized conditions (pH 5, time: 30 min, adsorbent amount: 50 mg). The adsorption capacities of modified clays are found in the order of: B‐BTC (AFB1: 18.02, CIT: 18.35, PAT: 18.21, ZEA: 18.09 mg g−1) > B‐BTB (AFB1: 17.7, CIT: 18.11, PAT: 17.95, ZEA: 17.90 mg g−1) > B‐DSS (AFB1: 17.5, CIT: 18.02, PAT: 17.86, ZEA: 17.80 mg g−1). The obtained results fitted well with thermodynamic, isothermal (Langmuir) and pseudo‐second order kinetics. Low cost organo‐modified bentonite shows the promise in mitigating mycotoxin contamination, which could improve food safety and reduce environmental contamination.
Mechanism and policy of multimedia communications model and green low‐carbon development mechanism in coal industry with cloud Internet of Things
Authors: Wang Xilian , Jia Xianmin
Published: July 2020

With the rapid development of China's economy, the extensive mode of growth supported by coal has caused great damage to resources and the environment. Problems such as gas drainage, coal gangue dumping, water resources destruction, and surface subsidence during the coal mining process have directly led to severe damage to the environment in the mining area to ensure the survival and development of the coal industry, and to achieve sustainable development, we must actively promote the “optimized layout, intensive development, green mining, safe production, and clean use.” This paper proposes the multimedia communications model and green low‐carbon development mechanism in coal industry with cloud Internet of Things (IoT) to deal with this challenge. In a distributed computing scenario, the communication bandwidth between different nodes is very limited and heterogeneous, and some different computing nodes support a wide range of computing capabilities. Decentralized computing connects devices with computing power to the network, and the nodes communicate directly or indirectly will deal with this challenge effectively. The multimedia transmission is also applied to guarantee the visualized model. The experiment compared with the other state‐of‐the‐art methodologies has proven that the proposed model has the higher transmission efficiency and robustness.
Investigation of antioxidant and anti‐nociceptive potential of isoxazolone, pyrazolone derivatives, and their molecular docking studies
Authors: Anwar Tayyaba , Nadeem Humaira , Sarwar Sadia , Naureen Humaira , Ahmed Safia , Khan ArifUllah , Arif Muazzam
Published: July 2020

A series of new isoxazolone (3a–d) and pyrazolone (4a–d) derivatives were synthesized and assessed for their antioxidant and analgesic activity. Among synthesized compounds, 3b and 4b having nitro (NO2) group show high analgesic activity at a dose of 6 mg/kg. Analgesic activity was further proceeded to explore the contribution of opioidergic mechanisms in the mediation of analgesic effects. Animals were administered with naloxone, a nonselective opioid inverse agonist, at the dose of 0.5 mg/kg. The results obtained suggested that the analgesic effects of the synthesized compounds were not reversed by naloxone, specifying that the compounds 3b and 4b do not follow the opioidergic pathway in order to relieve pain in animal models. Further, the binding interactions of compounds 3b and 4b were analyzed by docking them against nonopioid receptors COX‐1 (3N8X) and COX‐2 (3LN1). The results demonstrate the analgesic potential of isoxazolone and pyrazolone derivatives, especially compounds 3b and 4b can be considered promising lead molecules for further investigation and development into potent analgesic drugs. In addition, the antioxidant potential of compounds was also found to be related to better analgesic activity, thus providing an insight into the role of oxidative stress in the mediation of analgesia.
Complete mitochondrial genome and assembled DNA barcoding analysis of Lutjanus fulgens (Valenciennes, 1830) and its comparison with other Lutjanus species
Authors: Afriyie Gyamfua , Wang Zhongduo , Dong Zhongdian , Ayisi Larbi Christian , Asiedu Berchie , Guo Yusong
Published: July 2020

Lutjanus fulgens (Valenciennes, 1830) is a teleost species classified under the family Lutjanidae which is a native of the Eastern Atlantic Ocean. Though highly commercialized due to its abundance and good taste, the production output has declined in recent years. This is an indication of the need for effective management and conservation measures. However, accurate species identification will ensure strategic management and conservation measure. DNA‐based species identification has proven its reliability in this regard via precise species identification. Several researchers have confirmed the accuracy of DNAbarcode as a species identification tool as well as species phylogeny analysis based on both the complete mitogenome and COI gene. Currently, nine specimens of L. fulgens were sampled from Ghana and subjected to DNA‐based analysis, namely, complete mitochondrial DNAand COI gene (DNA barcoding) analyses. The mitogenomic result revealed that L. fulgens is made up of a 16,500 base pairs (bp) mtDNA which consists of 22 transfer RNAs, 13 protein‐coding genes, and two ribosomal RNAs (GenBank Accession Number: MN398650). Furthermore, a sequence polymorphism analysis of the COIgene (MN986442–MN986450) detected two haplotypes. These haplotypes were both collected from the same fish landing site which suggests a possible cryptic linage diversity in the L. fulgens population at Vodza. According to the phylogeny examination, a close taxonomic relationship exists between L. fulgens and Lutjanus buccanella caused by a recent evolution termed as sympatric speciation. This study serves as a novel study for this species, building the foundation for future molecular‐based study for this species and as a DNA barcode reference data.
Morphology and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells cultured on a nanoscale structured substrate
Authors: Yamazaki Masashi , Kojima Hiroki , Miyoshi Hiromi
Published: July 2020

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) is known to show responsiveness to the physical properties, such as stiffness and nano to microstructures, of the extracellular environment. However, the signaling mechanism has not been fully elucidated yet. Here, the effects of nanoscale pillar arrays of the cell culture substrate on morphology and differentiation were evaluated in human MSC to understand the signaling mechanism in regulation of differentiation in response to the nanoscale structures. Human MSCs were cultured on a quartz substrate with the three types of pillar‐arrays with 200 nm in side length, 150 nm in height, and different center‐to‐center spacings (300, 400, and 700 nm) in a cell culture medium with no differentiation induction regent. The cells were well spread, and about half of the cells showed osteogenic differentiation on the flat region of the substrate. The spreading and the osteogenic differentiation were suppressed in the cells on the pillar‐arrayed region regardless of the pillar spacing. This provided insight that the human MSCs spontaneously differentiate into the osteoblast in response to the stiff substrate with no structure, and the suppression of the cell spreading caused by the nanoscale structures can downregulate the progress of the osteogenic differentiation.
Comparison of Carbon‐based Electrodes for Detection of Cresols in Voltammetry and HPLC with Electrochemical Detection
Authors: Vosáhlová Jana , Sochr Jozef , Baluchová Simona , Švorc Ľubomír , Taylor Andrew , Schwarzová‐Pecková Karolina
Published: July 2020

The electrochemical behavior of o‐cresol and p‐cresol was investigated using boron doped diamond (BDD) and sp2 carbon‐based electrodes. BDD electrodes with different boron doping levels were used to optimize conditions for detection of cresols using differential pulse and square‐wave voltammetry. Comparable detection limits from 2.74 μM to 0.79 μM were achieved, using in‐situ anodic pretreatment to prevent fouling of electrode surface. Lower detection limits for cresols and other phenolic pollutants, in the 10−7 M concentration range, were obtained using amperometric detection in HPLC. The proposed voltammetric and HPLC methods were utilized for determination of cresols in model river water samples.
Effects of caregiver dementia training in caregiver‐patient dyads: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Birkenhäger‐Gillesse Elizabeth G. , Achterberg Wilco P. , Janus Sarah I.M. , Kollen Boudewijn J. , Zuidema Sytse U.
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Caregivers for people with dementia (PWD) have reported needing emotional and social support, improved coping strategies, and better information about the illness and available support services. In this study, we aimed to determine the effectiveness of an Australian multicomponent community‐based training program that we adapted and implemented in a non‐medical Dutch health care setting.

Methods and design

A randomized controlled trial was performed: 142 dyads of cohabiting caregivers and PwD were randomized to control (care as usual) or intervention (training program) groups and outcomes were compared. Programs lasted 1 week, comprised 14 sessions, and were delivered by specialist staff. We included 16 groups of two to six caregivers. The primary outcome was care‐related quality of life (CarerQol‐7D) at 3 months. The main secondary outcomes for caregivers were self‐rated burden, health and mood symptoms, and for PwD were neuropsychiatric symptoms, quality of life, and agitation.

Results

No significant difference was observed for the primary outcome. However, caregivers experienced fewer role limitations due to physical function (adjusted mean difference, 13.04; 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 3.15‐22.93), emotional function (13.52; 95%CI, 3.76‐23.28), and pain reduction (9.43; 95%CI, 1.00‐17.86). Positive outcomes identified by qualitative analysis included better acceptance and coping and improved knowledge of dementia and available community services and facilities.

Conclusion

Quantitative analysis showed that the multicomponent course did not affect care‐related quality of life but did have a positive effect on experienced role limitations and pain. Qualitative analysis showed that the course met the needs of participating dyads.
Investigating cortico‐subcortical circuits during auditory sensory attenuation: A combined magnetoencephalographic and dynamic causal modeling study
Authors: Hua Lingling , Recasens Marc , Grent‐'T‐Jong Tineke , Adams Rick A. , Gross Joachim , Uhlhaas Peter J.
Published: July 2020

Sensory attenuation refers to the decreased intensity of a sensory percept when a sensation is self‐generated compared with when it is externally triggered. However, the underlying brain regions and network interactions that give rise to this phenomenon remain to be determined. To address this issue, we recorded magnetoencephalographic (MEG) data from 35 healthy controls during an auditory task in which pure tones were either elicited through a button press or passively presented. We analyzed the auditory M100 at sensor‐ and source‐level and identified movement‐related magnetic fields (MRMFs). Regression analyses were used to further identify brain regions that contributed significantly to sensory attenuation, followed by a dynamic causal modeling (DCM) approach to explore network interactions between generators. Attenuation of the M100 was pronounced in right Heschl's gyrus (HES), superior temporal cortex (ST), thalamus, rolandic operculum (ROL), precuneus and inferior parietal cortex (IPL). Regression analyses showed that right postcentral gyrus (PoCG) and left precentral gyrus (PreCG) predicted M100 sensory attenuation. In addition, DCM results indicated that auditory sensory attenuation involved bi‐directional information flow between thalamus, IPL, and auditory cortex. In summary, our data show that sensory attenuation is mediated by bottom‐up and top‐down information flow in a thalamocortical network, providing support for the role of predictive processing in sensory‐motor system.