bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Criteria-evaluation apparatus of bachelors’ professional and legal competence development
Authors: Knyazeva Anna Gennadievna
Published: December 2020

The paper raises a question of assessing professional and legal competence of bachelors majoring in social work at university. Professional and legal competence is a professional property of a graduate in the field of social work, which can effectively solve professional problems in the field of legal regulation of social protection of the population. Attention is paid to the relevance of this professional quality among specialists for modern Russia. The instrument of its evaluation is the criteria-evaluation apparatus, including motivational criterion (indicators: educational, professional motives, interest in law); content-cognitive criterion (indicators: knowledge of the theory of states and law, main branches of Russian law, knowledge of legal acts in the field of regulation of social protection of the population); creative activity criterion (indicators: ability to apply skills and abilities for solving professional and legal problems, sequence of tasks, knowledge of methods of search, analysis and application of normative legal acts in the field of social protection of the population); regulatory and reflexive criteria (indicators: stability in behavior, self-assessment of cognitive activity and sequence of tasks). The paper contains a brief review of research on the development of criteria and indicators for assessing various pedagogical phenomena. The author focuses on the systematic approach as a methodological basis for the analysis of the criteria-evaluation apparatus, which proposes to be considered as an integrative integrity, including the purpose, object, subjects, subject, content and result. Criteria-evaluation apparatus of bachelors professional and legal competence development can be used in the system of advanced training of specialists in social work.
To the 100 anniversary of «Samara University Scientific News»
Authors: Mochalov Oleg Dmitrievich , Buranok Oleg Mikhailovich
Published: December 2020

To the 100 anniversary of Samara University Scientific News
Characteristics of the world and Russian production of fruits products (apples and pears)
Authors: Demenina Lyubov Georgievna , Petrova Anna Borisovna , Savitskaya Kristina Andreevna , Kavelenova Lyudmila Mikhailovna
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the peculiarities of the biological characteristics of the most important fruit crops of temperate climates apple and pear (Rosaceae family, subfamily Maloideae), taking into account the world, national and regional cultivation. Both cultures are characterized by significant food and commodity value, have some differences in the chemical composition of the fruit, including the leading components of the mass and biologically active substances, which determine the peculiarities of their use in the human diet. In both global and national fruit-growing, pears play a secondary role compared to apple, giving way to the number of varieties, the volume of production and the areas occupied. Based on the analysis of available statistical data of the FAO database, the dynamics of changes from 1990 to 2016 of the world production of apple and pear fruits with visualization on the continents, identifying world leaders and major trends are considered. For the USSR (from 1962 to 1990) and in Russian Federation (from 1992 to 2016) the paper presents a picture of changes in the volume of fruit production, discusses the status of fruit production in the country. The features of the historical development and current state of fruit growing in the Samara Region and prospects are discussed.
A new methodological approach to evaluation of mechanical resistance of green plantings in urban environments
Authors: Kornienko Vladimir Olegovich , Prikhodko Svetlana Anatolyevna
Published: December 2020

The trees growing in urban environments are exposed to the highest pressure of negative exogenous factors and, consequently, many tree species come to the critical age and become hazardous. A complex approach to evaluate the condition of green plantings under the technogenous load using visual, instrumental, biomechanical etc. methods allows timely and reliable identification of hazardous trees. For this purpose, we developed a new methodology of determining the hazardous degree of trees in residential areas. This method is based on the accounts of tree mechanical hardiness evaluation and up-to-date instrumental research data to be used by municipal services employed in plantings monitoring and care. The main parameters are: age, diameter of the base, diameter at height, trunk girth at the base, trunk girth at a height of 1,3 m, the height of the tree, the angle of inclination of the trunk, the vital status score for Saveleva, morphological damage to the trunk, the description of the crown architectonics, the presence of morphogenetic and exogenous damage to the leaf blade, the population of the trunk pests, the presence of hollows, the wind feature and the loading of this site, the mode of visiting the territory (recreational load), the direction of possible fall, percentage of sound rot, modulus of elasticity of wood, density of wood, the ratio of biomass to critical mass, mechanical resistance to static and dynamic loads according to calculations on biomechanics. In the case study of a model tree (London plane) the applicability of this approach to landscaping practices is shown.
Assessment of relevant and exchange acidity of cespitose-podsolic sandy loamy soil when the Hotynetsky field zeolite is used
Authors: Kulikova Alevtina Hristoforovna , Kozlov Andrey Vladimirovich , Uromova Irina Pavlovna
Published: December 2020

The following paper considers influence extent of zeolite breed of the Hotynetsky field on indicators of relevant and exchange acidity of the cespitose-podsolic sandy loamy soil in the Nizhny Novgorod Region. A three-year experiment, representing microfield experiment, was started in 2014 in the Borsky District Elitkhoz. Zeolite was brought in the plough-layer once in high doses 3, 6 and 12 t/hectare. During the research (20152017) on allotments the main crops of the region were grown up. The acidity of the soil was estimated on рН indicators, defined from water and salt extracts which were selected during the autumn period after cultural plants harvesting. As a result of the conducted researches positive action of all doses of the studied zeolite on indicators of the acid and main mode of the cespitose-podsolic soil was established. The essential effect was traced already at the minimum dose of material: 12,0% increase of рНwater indicator and 6,3% increase of рНsalt indicator on average during the research time. Application of 6 t/hectare of zeolite breed in the greatest measure promoted reduction of the relevant acidity of the soil by 20%, exchange acidity for 13% and also for 60% to increase in an ionic exchanging of the soil solution system with preservation of the action force during the research time.
Epidemiological transition of the urban Middle Volga Region population
Authors: Rumyantseva Maria Aleksandrovna
Published: December 2020

The epidemic transition is the most important part of the demographic transition, which in turn determines the current trends in fertility and mortality in modern Russia. The paper attempts to trace the main regional features of the process by the example of the Middle Volga Region. Using the statistics reported in the census, statistical handbooks, central and local archives, the author traces the changes in morbidity and mortality of the urban population of the Middle Volga Region, making the conclusion that the epidemiological transition in the region was essentially completed in the period of the Khrushchev thaw. There was also a rapid increase in mortality from malignant neoplasms and circulatory diseases, which is characteristic of the final stage of the epidemic transition. The author of the paper revealed some lag of the region in terms of exogenous morbidity. It was associated with the rapid growth of industry in the region, and as a consequence, not always appropriate conditions of hygiene and life of the urban population. However, mortality trends in the Middle Volga Region corresponded to those in the RSSR as a whole, which was primarily due to the achievements of medicine of the time: the emergence of antibiotics, mass vaccination of the population, improving the quality of medical services.
Operation Ajax in the CIA analytics: colonial knowledge in postcolonial age
Authors: Levin Yaroslav Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2020

The paper is devoted to one of the first large operations of CIA in Third World countries of the Cold War period. The changes connected with the end of World War II and the beginning of a new global opposition led to the growth of national movements in all former colonies. Besides relations of the USA with the closest allies became more tense as Washington supported the breaking-up colonial empires which were favorable for the USA. Generally the USA wanted to replace the weakened European powers. There was understanding that the new independent states represented prospective important allies, both in the light of possible direct opposition, and within expansion of sales markets. In these conditions CIA that had recently been restored and reformatted got into active prospecting gear and search of the best mechanisms of work with the new independent states. One of the first critical situations in the relations developed in Iran where the Prime Minister Mohammed Mosaddegh broke off diplomatic relations with Great Britain, enjoyed support of the local Communist Party and spoke about a possibility of rapprochement with the USSR. That was unacceptable both for Washington and for London. As a result, investigations of two countries made a decision to perform a joint operation which aim was to overthrow the objectionable government. The summary report of Donald Wilber, a CIA analyst, who was carrying out strategic planning and the leadership in the operation code-named Ajax, opens the most interesting details of a general course and the results of that action.
Theoretical aspects of higher education internationalization problem in the modern world
Authors: Kuzovenkova Kseniya Olegovna
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses conceptual aspects of higher education internationalization problem in terms of native and foreign scientists. The author of the study comes to the conclusion that internationalization of higher education is assessed differently by specialists and there is no consensus in assessing benefits and possible risks associated with the internationalization and in the terminological definition of the process itself. Key components of internationalization methodology in the context of the university are analyzed. In the course of the work the author determines that the internationalization of education is one of the factors in the formation of a global space for higher education and can be represented by a multitude of processes, including international academic mobility, introduction of world standards, internationalization of training courses, intercultural programs, etc. The author defines basic components of the university culture which must be developed in conditions of internationalization. The definitions of the concepts of internal, external, national, cross-border and international levels of the internationalization of higher education are considered.
Diversity and number of woodpeckers (Picidae) in the Chuvash Trans-Volga Region in winter
Authors: Kolenov Sergei Evgenievich
Published: December 2020

This article gives some data on the winter fauna of woodpeckers (Picidae) in the Trans-Volga Region of the Chuvash Republic. We analyze the species richness, their number and trends of its changes. To do it, it is possible when the reserachers analyze the results of the collected materials of 20102018 (on the example of three routes during ornithological surveys according Y.S. Ravkins method). The author believes that the importance of work is to show the lack of surveys concerning the analysis of winter fauna of woodpeckers in the Chuvash Trans-Volga Region. Moreover it shows to determine what impact on the avifauna of the Transvolga was caused by destructive fires in the summer of 2010 (as it destroyed up to 30% of the forest cover of the investigated territory). The article presents that the Chuvash Trans-Volga Region is inhabited by 6 species of woodpeckers out of 9, named in the Chuvash Republic. A great spotted woodpecker was a numerous and dominant species, black woodpecker was ordinary species, and the rest were less common. The greatest variety of woodpeckers was noted on the route with the maximum variety of vegetation and plenty of dead wood. A reliable positive population trend was revealed for the black woodpecker. The population of the great spotted woodpecker as a whole remained stable although it showed considerable fluctuations from year to year, depending on the yield of coniferous trees. For other species, it was not possible to identify any long-term trend. Three species of woodpeckers (the black, the lesser spotted and the three-toed woodpeckers) demonstrated mutual changes of the average winter density. All these species showed a significant increase in numbers, which gave a way to a decline then. We believe that the growth in numbers was due to the fires and drought of 2010, which provoked an outbreak of xylophagous insects and fodder base of these species. The subsequent clearing of the burners and the sanitary cutting reduced the food resources available for insects, what decrease the number of woodpeckers. We believe that sanitary cuttings should be abandoned in some areas of the Trans-Volga Region to preserve these species.
Species diversity and photobiont localization specificities in epigene lichens (on the example of the genus Cladonia)
Authors: Korchikov Evgene Sergeevich , Bolgov Egor Vladimirovich , Ilyina Elena Sergeevna , Pankratov Timofey Anatolyevich
Published: December 2020

The article describes the taxonomic composition and photobionts localization specificities in above-ground lichens of the genus Cladonia. Moreover it analyzes the amount and algal species in thallus homogenates due to their age: in zones of active growth, aging zone and destruction zone; alga cells in washings from surface of thalli. Also the article analyzes the influence of the mycobiont on the photobiont species and abundance of the photobiont. It gives the comparison analysis of these data in lichens in the north taiga zone (Murmansk Region) and steppe zone (on the example of Orenburg Region). The method of direct microscopy helped to determine the taxonomic affiliation of the photobionts to the genus. Here the authors mean the size, shape of the cells, the nature of the chromatophore, etc. The number of photobionts in samples was studied both by light microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. The paper presents the comparison results of the amount and algae diversity in in the thalli of the above-ground lichens of the genus Cladonia due to their geographical location and the specificity of the age dynamics of the podecium. The research shows the fact that Asterochloris alga was the dominant group in the actively growing lichen podecia. However geographical location is not important. Chlorella, Stichococcus, Pseudococcomyxa were found in lichens algae. The authors believe that the new information about the changes in the taxonomic composition of algae, due to the age of the thallus is important for science. Pseudococcomyxa algae dominated in the old parts of the north taiga lichens and Stichococcus dominated in the steppe areas. Moreover the authors give the attempt of resynthesize lichen tallium from previously isolated cultures of the mycobiotic and photobiont. This attempt was unsuccessful at the period of the research work.
Invasive species of Asteraceae family in Kursk flora
Authors: Nagornaya Olga Vyacheslavovna
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with biological features and quantitative characteristics of populations of some invasive species of the family Asteraceae in Kursk flora and their distribution. Kursk, being the industrial and administrative center of the Kursk Region, is characterized by a strong degree of flora transformation, as a result of the active transformation of the territory in recent years, which determines the suitable conditions for the introduction of invasive species and their wide distribution. In Kursk flora there are 43 invasive species, the proportion of Asteraceae is 21%. The paper presents biological features and characteristics of Xanthium albinum and Cyclachaena xanthiifolia populations. The following population indicators were studied: number of individuals, height and total projective cover. It was revealed that the populations of Xanthium albinum in different growing conditions show significant differences in the studied parameters. In the populations of Cyclachaena xanthiifolia fluctuations were observed in the number of individuals per 1 m. The reasons that determine the parameters of populations of invasive species is the degree of disturbance and shading. The study of urban vegetation is a necessary step in the development of measures to optimize the urban environment. The obtained materials will allow to evaluate the consequences of the introduction of these invasive species in the plant communities of Kursk and will provide a scientific basis for monitoring in order to prevent biological invasions.
Morphological and biochemical characteristic of Tanacetum vulgare L. plant
Authors: Portnyagina Nadezhda Vasilyevna , Echishvili Elmira Elizbarovna , Punegov Vasiliy Vitalyevich , Fomina Marina Gennadyevna
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the results of studying the introduction of seven Tanacetum vulgare samples of different geographical origin in the Botanical garden at the Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of RAS. In the first year of life the plants of tansy ordinary are in the pregenerative period, from the second year they bloom regularly and bear fruit. It has been established that in the conditions of culture the species are highly resistant and long-lived (more than 12 years). The study of the seasonal development of plants Tanacetum vulgare has showed that all samples retain phenological rhythms peculiar to this species: stretched flowering periods (3344 days) and fruiting periods (4452 days). Early and late samples have been identified by the timing of the entry of plants into the flowering phase. The vegetation period from the beginning of vegetation to the formation of mature fruits is 116138 days. The growth of plants in height (109131 cm) continues to the phase of mass flowering. The highest average daily growth (2,63,6 cm) was observed in the budding phase. Morphological options of generative escape have been studied. It has been revealed that the signs characterizing the flora part of the escape vary in populations at high and very high levels, which indicates the real possibility of improving the population by the method of targeted selection. The productivity and component composition of the essential oil from above-ground phytomass Tanacetum vulgare have been determined. The obtained data indicate the possibility of cultivation of this species in order to obtain high-quality medicinal raw materials. The optimal method of growing plants to create long-term plantations has been revealed.
Current state of the ecosystem of the reservoir cooler (on the example of the Surgut Power Station)
Authors: Shornikova Elena Aleksandrovna , Kukurichkin Gleb Mikhaylovich
Published: December 2020

Rapid development of an oil and gas industry in the north of Western Siberia in the middle of the 20th century has demanded a significant amount of the electric power. This strategic task was carried out step by step in the neighborhood of Surgut (the largest oil and gas industry center on the Middle Priobye). Two gas-fired power stations have been consistently constructed. The integrated reservoir cooler has been built on the river Chernaya for cooling of circulating water in the system of reverse water supply of power plants. The article presents the assessment of consequences of flooding at construction of the Surgut reservoir. The total area of the water area of a reservoir is 2211 hectares, including 50% of forest, 20% of meadow, 5% of peat bog communities were under flooding. The authors of the paper develop the basic ecological map of the reservoir and neighborhood with the indication of natural and technogenic objects. Moreover they give the results of two years' monitoring of microbial community structure in the coastal zone of the reservoir cooler. They find it is important to provide the assessment of intensity of self-cleaning processes of the water object and analyze the sources of anthropogenic load on the water object. The microbiological methods which important to use for bio indication of an ecological condition of the Surgut reservoir have allowed to estimate the trophic status, to reveal ecologically unsuccessful sites of the water area, and to define intensity of self-cleaning processes in the water body.
Bone and antler implements of the Early Neolithic Dnepr-Dvina interfluve settlements: technological and functional features, context
Authors: Malyutina Anna Andreevna
Published: December 2020

In this paper we consider the results of the use-wear analysis of the bone and antler implements received as a result of excavation of the Early Neolithic settlements on the territory of Dnepr-Dvina interfluve. This kind of research is conducted for this category of archaeological material for the first time. For the analysis we have selected 27 bone, antler and teeth items occurring from two settlements of the Serteysky microregion Serteya X and Rudnya Serteyskaya. The good preservation of items has allowed us to study macro- and microtraces connected with technology of processing of raw materials and receiving products, ways of usage of finished utilitarian and not utilitarian character items. The following categories of implements have been marked out: knives, awls, pendants, spear-heads, arrowheads, barbed points, preforms, fragments of items with processing traces. The obtained information is correlated to other materials of settlements ceramics, stone artifacts, economic and cultural characteristic of settlements in general. Ceramic traditions in upper courses of the Western Dvina belong to 7 millennium BC. The earliest ceramic traditions are combined in Serteyskaya archaeological culture. Later, in materials of the Early Neolithic sites influence of Early Neolithic cultures of East Baltics is traced. As a result, on the territory of Podvinya the Rudnyanskaya Early Neolithic culture is formed.
Cultural attribution of the dwelling-workshop on the basis of the Taldysay settlement ceramics analysis
Authors: Yermolayeva Antonina Sergeevna , Kaliyeva Zhanargul Serikovna , Dubyagina Ekaterina Viktorovna
Published: December 2020

The following paper considers important characteristics of classical ceramic collection from the dwelling-workshop situated in the metallurgical settlement Taldysay. The workshop had one period of settlement and belongs to the Petrov archeological culture (the type of the monument is Nurtai for Central Kazakhstan). In previous years of the research, we made attempts to determine the cultural affiliation of the thermal engineering structures on the basis of ceramic material that constitutes ground and mine types in dwelling and production complexes that functioned in different chronological periods and contained various cultural materials. Due to the fact that the collection is quite limited, the present publication consists of the preliminary analysis of the artifacts and includes systematization of the accumulated ceramic materials from the settlement. From 100 fragments, only 41 specimens were selected for the further analysis, and 35 of which were found directly in the heat engineering facilities and near them. Importantly, even now we can conclude that the ceramic material proves that the thermal engineering structures of ground and mines types in a single-layer dwelling-workshop belong to the monuments of Petrov archeological culture of Nurtai type. Finally, the considered collection determines the start of the metal production on the territory of Central Kazakhstan by the first half of the second millennium BC.
Using mobile technologies for studying foreign languages
Authors: Drygina Mariia Viktorovna
Published: December 2020

In our modern world mobile devices play an important role in the learning process and provide more opportunities for access to educational resources. The use of mobile devices in the learning process is a promising direction that attracts researchers all over the world. Although mobile devices are widely used and they are accessible means of studying, they are still not perceived as means of foreign language learning. The use of mobile technologies will make it possible not only to induce the learning process visibility, divisiveness and interaction, but also to improve the quality of education, and to expand the possibilities for both students and teachers. The paper presents a systematic review of resources on the problem of mobile assisted language learning. The results of the research have shown that this method is widely used by researchers in Scandinavian countries. The classification has been made on the basis of the existing concept of mobile learning. In addition, the paper describes main technical, pedagogical and psychosocial factors which influence the development of modern resources for mobile learning of foreign languages.
Support for decision-making on nominating research and teaching staff to awards
Authors: Zheleznov Dmitry Valerianovich , Asabin Vitaly Viktorovich , Garanin Maksim Alekseevich
Published: December 2020

Nomination to awards is among the tasks of the head. The drawback of this work is the subjectivity of the decisions made. In the long run, this can become an irritating factor for employees, so this could be avoided by a transparent and understandable procedure. Within the framework of the research conducted in Samara State Transport University, a procedure has been developed to support the decision-making on nominating research and teaching staff to awards. The calculation is carried out on the basis of several indicators: work experience, presence / absence of disciplinary penalties, efficiency of an employees activity over the given period, frequency of employees awards and the history of awarding. The criteria for assessing the staff efficiency are digitized. The boundary conditions of each criterion are also described. For separate criteria a logarithmic function is adopted. So the paper presents a mathematical interpretation of the procedure Support of decision-making on nominating University staff to awards. Practical implementation is illustrated on the cases of 20 employees. The proposed procedure is applicable in educational organizations of any level, but it is most optimal for industrial educational organizations of higher and secondary vocational training. This is due to the fact that the procedure allows you to take into account the industrial component. Mathematical interpretation enables to introduce it into the electronic systems of employees, for example, 1.C system, Personnel module.
The genus Cypripedium L. in the unique habitat of orchids in the Novosibirsk Region
Authors: Gerasimovich Lyudmila Vladimirovna
Published: December 2020

This paper provides information about the unique habitat, where 13 species of orchids of the genera Dactylorhiza Nevski, Epipactis Zinn, Gymnadenia R. Br., Herminium R. Br., Orchis L., Platanthera L.C.M. Rich., Cypripedium L. grow in Iskitim District of the Novosibirsk Region. A morphological description of three kinds of shoes is given, including a new for the Novosibirsk Region species Cypripedium ventricosum Sw., which is proposed to be included in the Red Book of the Novosibirsk Region. The investigated community of shoes is located in a birch-high-herbage forest, in the Koyniha river basin. Comparison of the characteristics of the vegetative and generative organs Cypripedium x ventricosum Sw., Cypripedium calceolus L. and Cypripedium macranthon Sw, described as a result of monitoring, is compared with literary data. It was shown that all parameters of C. calceolus, except for the bract length (greater than average), are included in the described range. In the studied habitat, most of the parameters of C. macranthon and C. ventricosum (the length and width of the bract, the length and width of the lateral leaf of the perianth of the inner circle) have higher values. It allows us to conclude that the eco-cenotic conditions of the studied habitat are most favorable for C. macranthon and C. ventricosum. Cenopopulations of all three species exist for a fairly long period and are in their real optimum.
Variety of plants and fungi of the Krasnoyarsk forestry near the Zharenyi Bugor village
Authors: Kuzovenko Oksana Anatolyevna , Korchikov Evgeniy Sergeevich , Sochneva Elena Vasilyevna
Published: December 2020

There are 298 species of vascular plants from 205 genera, 60 families, 5 classes and 4 divisions, as well as 30 species of lichen-forming and 6 species of non-lichen-forming fungi in the Krasnoyarsk forestry near the Zharenyi Bugor village. Most species of vascular plants belong to the divisio of Spermatophyta (293 species, 98,3%), a small number of species belong to the divisio of Equisetophyta (2 species, 0,67%), Pteridophyta (2 species, 0,67%) and Ophioglossophyta (1 species, 0,33%). The taxonomical diversity of Krasnoyarsk forestry is quite high. The average number of species in the family of vascular plants is 4,96. There are 10 families, which occupy the leading position, including 187 species (62,75% of the total number of species): Asteraceae 35 species (11,74%), Poaceae 26 (8,72%), Rosaceae 23 (7,71%), Fabaceae 20 (6,71%), Lamiaceae 19 (6,37%), Ranunculaceae 15 (5,03%), Scrophulariaceae 14 (4,70%), Caryophyllaceae 13 (4,36%), Brassicaceae 12 (4,03%), Apiaceae 10 (3,36%). On the study area, the species of vascular plants Adonanthe vernalis, A. volgensis, Cephalanthera rubra, Cypripedium calceolus, Fritillaria ruthenica, Helichrysum arenarium, Gladiolus tenuis, Ophioglossum vulgatum, Platanthera bifolia, Pulsatilla patens, Pyrola rotundifolia, Stipa pennata, Tulipa biebersteiniana, as well as lichen-forming fungi Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia rangiferina and non-lichen-forming fungi Fistulina hepatica, Geastrum fimbriatum, Hericium coralloides are in the Red Book of the Samara Region. The rare species excluded from the second edition of the Red Book of the Samara Region are Epipactis helleborine, Gentiana cruciata, Hypericum elegans, Lychnis chalcedonica, Myostis alpestris, Populus alba.
Steppe communities in the vicinity of Togliatti (Samara Region)
Authors: Lysenko Tatyana Mikhaylovna
Published: December 2020

The paper describes the study of steppe vegetation in the Samara Region. It contains results of the steppe communities field study conducted in 20142015 in the vicinity of Togliatti (Samara Region). Geobotanical relevs were made on standard sites for steppe vegetation. Projective covering of plant species in field conditions was estimated as a percentage and then converted to scores using B.M. Mirkins scale. The relevs are placed in the geobotanical database Vegetation of the Volga and Ural Basins and processed using the computer program JUICE. Bioindication studies were conducted using the IBIS program. As a result of the syntaxonomic analysis carried out using the floral approach to the classification of vegetation by J. Braun-Blanquet, 2 new associations and 6 new subassociations were identified. Their names are given in accordance with the International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature. Their position in the system of higher syntaxons of Europe is established, nomenclature types, diagnostic types are given, composition and structure, ecology and distribution of communities are characterized as well as the results of processing according to the scales by L.G. Ramensky. The communities of all established syntaxons are recommended for inclusion in the 2nd edition of the Green Book of the Samara Region.
Ectoparasites of the bats from karst caves of the nature reserve «Ichalkovsky Bor» (Nizhny Novgorod Region)
Authors: Fadeeva Galina Anatolievna , Boryakova Elena Evgenievna
Published: December 2020

The fauna of parasitic mites of bats from the karst caves in the region of the Volga Upland was studied in 20042005. Six species of bats such as Daubentons water bat, Brandts bat, whiskered bat, pond bat, northern bat and long-eared bat were examined. 18 species of arthropods were detected, among them there are gamasid mites (10 species) and harvest mites (2 species). Leptotrombidium russicum (Oud., 1902) and Myotrombicula sp. were found for the first time in Central Russia. Spinturnix acuminatus (Koch, 1836), Steatonyssus spinosus (Willmann, 1936), Steatonyssus periblepharus (Kolenati, 1858), Macronyssus flavus (Kolenati, 1856) turned out to be the main group of parasites in this study. As for the insects flies of the family Nycteribiidae and fleas of the family Ischnopsyllidae were found. The cluster analysis of ectoparasite fauna has showed that they are more or less evenly distributed among all members of mixed colonies of bats, while there is no violation of specificity in the choice of hosts. Low values of the Berger-Parker index marked a lack of competition between species, which indicates the stability of parasitic communities formed on bats in mixed colonies and in natural habitats. This fact indicates a complex relationship between the parasites in the community on the one hand, and long-term existence of the community on the other hand. This, in its turn, shows that in long-evolving communities competitive relationships between parasites are obliterated, which gives them stability. Herewith the bat colony is used as an integral whole, although some parasitic species prefer certain types of hosts.
A complex of ritual objects from the elite female burial in Western Kazakhstan
Authors: Lukpanova Yana Amangeldyevna
Published: December 2020

The paper discusses in detail the items from the female burial of mound 6, Taksai-1 burial site, located in the West Kazakhstan Region, Terektinsky District, near the village Dolinnoe. A complex architectural gravestone structure, an accompanying rite of burial with the use of fire, the presence of rich clothing with various decorations, a complex of specific objects found in the pit, testify to the special status of the buried. All archaeological materials from the central pit of mound 6 performed a certain role in the life of the early nomads, composing a complex of ritual things for performing special rites. The functional significance of all the artifacts identified in the grave emphasizes the relation of the buried to the priestly class. In scientific literature there is no consensus about the existence of the priesthood as a profession in ancient times, but the early nomads revered the cult of a woman the ancestor, and the priestesses were guides, keepers of the fire, the Sun, revered the goddess responsible for fertility. The burials of rich priestesses are distinguished by their special pomp of funeral ritual, the presence of gold jewelry and the individual composition of the inventory. All these characteristics are traced in mound 6 of Taksai-1 burial, it is a cult monument confirming the existence of a special priestly status in a social organization of the nomadic society.
The return of the ancient papyrus: the discovery and fate of the ancient Greek papyrus from Mangalia (Romania)
Authors: Yarovoy Evgeny Vasilyevich
Published: December 2020

On the west coast of the Black sea excavations of ancient cities have been conducted for more than a century and a half. Among them, a special place is considered to be the Dorian colony of Kallatis, founded by immigrants from Heraclea of Pontius, most likely in the VI century BC. Currently on its territory there is a Romanian city of Mangalia. In 1959, during the excavations of the ancient mound on the Hellenistic burial ground, an ungraded burial in a stone sarcophagus was discovered. It was a backbone of an adult with a gilded bronze wreath. Near his hands there was an ancient Greek papyrus. For his conservation a Soviet restorer M. Alexander was invited, he managed to preserve the rarity. At the request of the Romanian side, he took the papyrus for restoration to Moscow, where his traces were lost. In 2001, Romanian archaeologists began searching for the papyrus. After three years of work in museums and libraries, they were able to locate the rest of the scroll. It turned out that they are stored in the Center of restoration Grabar in Moscow. As a result of the negotiations, thanks to the good will of the Russian side, it was possible to reach an agreement on the return of a unique discovery for Romania to its historical homeland.
Cult caves building on the territory of European Russia
Authors: Stepkin Vitaly Victorovich
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with cult caves building on the territory of European Russia. The author draws attention to the fact that the process primarily depended on the nature of rock formation where the caves were constructed. In a softer and loose ground the walls and the ceiling were strengthened by armour stone or bricks after taking up the rocks. There was no need in additional fastening of hard rocky ground. The waling was done according to the beds and rock jointing. An adze, a spade, a crowbar as well as other metal tools were used. Construction works proceeded both during the daytime and at night. The space was lighted with candles. The work was organized by the community formed during the cave construction with an active support of the local population. Drawings and plans of venerated underground holy places in Christian pilgrimage centres could be used for construction works. In case of making the cave construction official a professional architect could be invited, the example of it could be Belogorskaya cave which is the longest one in Russia. Intensity of work depended on the age and gender characteristics of the employed and official authorities.
An effective system of electronic courses development and maintenance as a key problem of electronic information and educational environment development at university
Authors: Dobudko Tatiana Valerianovna , Pugach Valeriy Isaakovich , Gorbatov Sergey Vasilievich , Dobudko Alexandr Valerianovich , Pugach Olga Isaakovna
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses one of the urgent problems of education quality management at the pedagogical university the design and use of an effective system of electronic courses development and maintenance. This problem is analyzed taking into account the results of a pilot survey of pedagogical universities teachers, as well as the experience of deployment and modernization of electronic information and educational environment (EIEE) at various universities of the Samara Region. It is noted that in terms of classification of EIEE maturity levels, a significant number of regional pedagogical universities are at the second or the beginning of the third level, at which all EIEE opportunities from a quarter to a half of teachers and students are actively used. The paper presents the hypothesis substantiation: the transition to the next level of EIEE maturity can and should be carried out purposefully and systematically. At the same time the necessary condition for the growth of EIEE maturity is the qualification improvement of the majority of the university teaching staff, as well as the deployment of its own infrastructure (hardware and software), a possible version of which is also briefly described in the paper. An alternative is to rent several dedicated servers from a reliable service provider with data centers in the Russian Federation. The obtained materials can serve as a basis for the design of new approaches to the construction оf EIEE pedagogical universities in Russia.
Ecological and geographical testing of garden roses in three climatic zones
Authors: Klimenko Zinaida Konstantinovna , Vasilyeva Olga Yurievna , Zorina Ekaterina Vladimirovna , Dzuba Olga Vladimirovna
Published: December 2020

The paper states that it is necessary to expand the work in the field of ecological and geographical testing of economically valuable plant objects in the system of Botanical institutions supervised by the Council of Botanical gardens of Russia. The role of unique natural polygons of three Botanical gardens belonging to the Russian Academy of Sciences is emphasized. The main collection funds of the Nikita Botanical Garden are located in the Mediterranean climate zone (Yalta). In the Central Siberian Botanical Garden of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences plants are introduced into the culture in the conditions of the continental climate of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia (Novosibirsk). In the Botanical Garden-Institute of Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences the gene pool of cultural and natural flora is studied in the monsoon climate (Vladivostok). The authors describe peculiarities of seasonal development, morphogenesis, organogenesis, ontogeny and reproductive biology of garden roses varieties of the Nikita Botanical Garden selection in three climatic zones. It is shown that in the geographical point of varieties breeding located near Yalta, the influence of climatic conditions leads to the absence of winter rest and natural end of the growing season it is artificially regulated by the annual February pruning. In the monsoon climate of Vladivostok, the largest number of cloudless days (upto 80%) is observed in winter, which can not affect the vegetation of roses in the open ground, but has a beneficial effect on the development and cutting production of roses in greenhouses. In the forest-steppe of Western Siberia varieties from the groups of tea-hybrid, floribunda, grandiflora, Cordes roses and miniature throughout the study period did not enter the postgenerative period, the final ontogenetic state was g₃. The main criterion for the selection of garden roses promising varieties in a continental climate is biomorphological the ability of annual shoots to bloom. Breeding work with roses in the southern coast of the Crimea is carried out in the open ground, in the continental and monsoon climate in greenhouses.
Adaptations of the hooded crow (Corvus cornix Linnaeus, 1758) to urban environment
Authors: Korotkova Tatyana Borisovna , Poddubnaya Nadezhda Yakovlevna
Published: December 2020

The crow birds are an inalienable component of anthropogenic ecosystems and the most successful species is the hooded crow. The success of a species depends on the conformity of a speed of adaptation process to the change rate in the environment. Organisms, adapting to the new environmental parameters in the city, demonstrate adaptive mechanisms, and can be a model for studying the evolutionary process. The process of urbanization of the hooded crow continues at present in many parts of its range, but the causes and mechanisms of these processes are not fully understood. The tasks of our research included finding out the directions and rates of the hooded crow adaptations to the changing urban environment. The research was conducted in 19972018. In Cherepovets, the hooded crow began to adapt to the urban environment in the late 1950s. The fastest rate of adaptations of the species was observed in the last decade. The main adaptive processes of the hooded crow in the urban system were the following: 1) territorial changes occur at different rates, following changes in the urban development of residential buildings and in the age composition of trees, as well as changes in the culture of household waste collection service; 2) changes in the habitats of the hooded crow are the increase in the tree species used for nesting and changes in the height of the nests, and occur during the last 15 years; 3) changes in seasonal life in Cherepovets, hooded crows begin breeding 2 weeks earlier than in the vicinity; 4) changes in trophic links increasing the proportion of anthropogenic feed in the diet of hooded crows as Cherepovets develops; 5) ethological changes hooded crows became less careful at the end of the 1990s and have learned the skills of extracting food from different packages, cleaning contaminated food and dry food maceration.
Materials for the ecological-geographical analysis of Kuznetsov Mountain (Samara Region) vascular plants flora
Authors: Makarova Yulia Vladimirovna , Golovlyov Aleksey Alekseevich , Prokhorova Nataliya Vladimirovna
Published: December 2020

According to the results of the ecological-geographical analysis, the aboriginal fraction of the vascular plant flora of Kuznetsov Mountain (Samara Region) is presented Eurasian (74,8% of species from the composition of the aboriginal fraction), Pluriregional (14,5%) and European (10,7%) geographical elements. The largest number of species have Eurasian (32,2%), European-West Asian (14,4%), Holarctic (12,1%), Euro-Siberian (10,3%), European (8,8%) and European-West Siberian (8,4%) longitude areal types. The latitudinal component of the areal is dominated by plurizonal (36,9% of the natural fraction of the flora), boreal-nemoral (21,5%), forest-steppe (15,4%) and nemoral (12,1%) plant species. The adventive fraction of flora is mainly formed by species of the Mediterranean, the North American (28,3% each of the composition of the adventive fraction) and the Iranian-Turanian (24,5%) origin. The current geographical distribution of a significant part of the adventitious species is associated with Holarctic (30,2%), Eurasian (22,6%), Hemicosmopolitan (17,0%) and European-West Asian (11,3%) areals. The endemic species ( Crataegus volgensis Pojark.) and 8 relict species [ Anemone altaica Fisch. ex C.A. Mey., Bupleurum aureum (Hoffm.) Fisch. ex Hoffm., Laser trilobum (L.) Borkh., Pulmonaria mollis Wulfen ex Hornem., Geranium robertianum L., Caragana frutex (L.) C. Koch, Aconitum septentrionale Koelle, Corydalis solida (L.) Clairv.] have been identified in the flora of the vascular plants of Mountain Kuznetsov. The boundaries of the areals of 7 flora species [ Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro, Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth, Aconitum septentrionale Koelle, Crataegus volgensis Pojark., Bupleurum aureum (Hoffm.) Fisch. ex Hoffm., Campanula latifolia L., Anemone altaica Fisch. ex C.A. Mey.], represented on Mountain Kuznetsov, pass through the territory of the Samara Region.
The study of halophytic vegetation of the Penza Region and its protection
Authors: Novikova Lyubov Aleksandrovna , Vasjukov Vladimir Mikhailovich , Gorbushina Tatiana Viktorovna
Published: December 2020

15 sites with saline soils have been identified and described in the Penza Region. Only 2 of them have a status of a nature sanctuary. They are the Solontsovaya Steppe in the Luninsky District and the Danilovskaya Solontsovaya Polyana in the Maloserdobinsky District. The other 13 sites are proposed to be included in the existing system of specially protected natural territories of the Penza Region as nature sanctuaries. They are Zhmakinsky Solonetz, Kaysarovsky Solonetz (Kolyshley District); Litvinovsky Solonetz (Lopatinsky District); Chunak Solontsovaya Glade, Korzovaya Hollow (Maloserdobinsky District); Kellerovsky Solonetz, Mansurovsky Solonetz, Karnovarsky Solonetz (Neverkinsky District); Olshansky Solonetz, Andreevsky Solonetz, Vasilyevsky Solonetz (Penza District); Serdobsky Solonetz, Krasny Solonetz (Serdobsky District). We provide the following data for each site. This is the history of discovery (dates, researches), location, belonging to the basins of large rivers, approximate area, information about economic use in the past and the degree of anthropogenic disturbances, the characteristics of the relief and soil. The main attention is paid to the description of the nature of the distribution of halophilic vegetation, depending on the degree of salinity and soil moisture. Data on the steppes vegetation, meadows and swamps found in the described sites are also given. Dominant and rare species of vascular plants (in The Red Book of the Penza Region) are listed.