bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Individualised evaluation based on pathophysiology for moyamoya vasculopathy: application in surgical revascularisation
Authors: Zhang Xin , Lei Yu , Su Jiabin , Gao Chao , Li Yanjiang , Feng Rui , Xia Ding , Gao Peng , Gu Yuxiang , Mao Ying
Published: August 2023

Background

Although bypass surgery is an effective treatment for moyamoya vasculopathy (MMV), the incidence of postoperative complications is still high. This study aims to introduce a novel evaluating system based on individualised pathophysiology of MMV, and to assess its clinical significance.

Methods

This multicentre, prospective study enrolled adult patients with MMV from Huashan Hospital, Fudan University and National Center for Neurological Disorders, China between March 2021 and February 2022. Multimodal neuroimages containing structural and functional information were used to evaluate personalised disease severity and fused to localise the surgical field, avoid invalid regions and propose alternative recipient arteries. The recipient artery was further selected intraoperatively by assessing regional haemodynamic and electrophysiological information. The preanastomosis and postanastomosis data were compared with assist with the postoperative management. Patients who received such tailored revascularisations were included in the novel group and the others were included in the traditional group. The 30-day surgical outcomes and intermediate long-term follow-up were compared.

Results

Totally 375 patients (145 patients in the novel group and 230 patients in the traditional group) were included. The overall complication rate was significantly lower in the novel group (p˂0.001). In detail, both the rates of postoperative infarction (p=0.009) and hyperperfusion syndrome (p=0.010) were significantly lower. The functional outcomes trended to be more favourable in the novel group, though not significantly (p=0.260). Notably, the proportion of good functional status was higher in the novel group (p=0.009). Interestingly, the preoperative statuses of perfusion and metabolism around the bypass area were significantly correlated with the occurrence of postoperative complications (P˂0.0001).

Conclusions

This novel evaluating system helps to identify appropriate surgical field and recipient arteries during bypass surgery for MMV to achieve better haemodynamic remodelling and pathophysiological improvement, which results in more favourable clinical outcomes.
Naïve Bayes classifier assisted automated detection of cerebral microbleeds in susceptibility-weighted imaging brain images
Authors: Ateeq Tayyab , Faheem Zaid Bin , Ghoneimy Mohamed , Ali Jehad , Li Yang , Baz Abdullah
Published: August 2023

Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) in the brain are the essential indicators of critical brain disorders such as dementia and ischemic stroke. Generally, CMBs are detected manually by experts, which is an exhaustive task with limited productivity. Since CMBs have complex morphological nature, manual detection is prone to errors. This paper presents a machine learning-based automated CMB detection technique in the brain susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) scans based on statistical feature extraction and classification. The proposed method consists of three steps: (1) removal of the skull and extraction of the brain; (2) thresholding for the extraction of initial candidates; and (3) extracting features and applying classification models such as random forest and naïve Bayes classifiers for the detection of true positive CMBs. The proposed technique is validated on a dataset consisting of 20 subjects. The dataset is divided into training data that consist of 14 subjects with 104 microbleeds and testing data that consist of 6 subjects with 63 microbleeds. We were able to achieve 85.7% sensitivity using the random forest classifier with 4.2 false positives per CMB, and the naïve Bayes classifier achieved 90.5% sensitivity with 5.5 false positives per CMB. The proposed technique outperformed many state-of-the-art methods proposed in previous studies.
A power storage system planning model for the Wolfe Island wind farm
Authors: Rao Fuwei , Li Zhong
Published: August 2023

As one of the alternatives to conventional energy sources, wind power is a fast-growing renewable technology. The intermittent characteristic of wind speed leads to unstable wind power production; therefore, a storage system is typically needed at wind power farms to stabilize the power output. This project aims to develop a power storage system planning model to optimize the power transfer between wind turbines and storage devices on an hourly basis to stabilize power output and maximize annual net earnings. The developed model utilizes the dynamic programming technique, and it is applied to a case study of the Wolfe Island Wind Farm in Ontario, Canada, for the year of 2020. Two scenarios with different power output tolerance considerations (i.e., tolerance ranges based on 6- and 8-hour subperiods) are analyzed to compare the fluctuations of power output and the total net earnings. The optimized number of storage devices is also discussed. The developed model can provide technical support for the design and operation of power storage systems at wind power farms.
Quantum entanglement and coherence in a system of four-level atom interacting with a nonlinear field
Authors: Raffah Bahaaudin M. , Berrada K. , Abdel-Khalek S. , Alruqi Adel Bandar
Published: August 2023

Entanglement and atomic coherence are investigated for a system that consists of a four-level atom (FLA) coupled with a nonlinear field. We explore the influence of field deformation and photon transition on the dynamical behavior of the quantum measures when the quantized field is initially in a coherent state or in a Schrödinger cat state with and without energy dissipation. The results indicate that the entanglement and coherence in the FLA–field system can be controlled and manipulated through the nature and initial state of the quantized field.
Holographic aspects of non-minimal RFμα(a)F(a)μα black brane
Authors: Sadeghi Mehdi
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we consider Einstein–Hilbert gravity in the presence of cosmological constant and an electric field of Yang–Mills type, which is minimally coupled to gravity. We couple the Ricci scalar to the Yang–Mills invariant to obtain a modified theory of gravity. The black brane solution of this model is introduced up to the first order of the [Formula: see text] term. Then, the color non-Abelian direct current (DC) conductivity and the ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density are calculated for this solution. Our results recover the Yang–Mills Schwarzschild AdS black brane in the limit of [Formula: see text].
Higgs production at next generation e+e− colliders
Authors: Yilmaz Deniz , Sahin Mehmet , Yavuz Dogukan Hazar
Published: August 2023

In this study, Higgs production processes, Higgsstrahlung and vector boson ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) fusion processes, are investigated for four different future lepton colliders (CEPC, ILC, CLIC, and FCC-ee). The cross-sections for each production process and corresponding backgrounds are calculated considering the Initial State Radiation (ISR) and Beamstrahlung (BS) effects. Various cuts and the b-tagging method are used to reduce the background. Finally, the number of events for each collider is determined, and significance calculations are performed. In our calculations, high event numbers are obtained for all four colliders for the Higgsstrahlung, [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] fusion process. This shows that electron–positron colliders will play an important role in future Higgs physics research.
Analysis of free bioconvective flow of hybrid nanofluid induced by convectively heated cone with entropy generation
Authors: Ahmad Shafiq , Naveed Khan Muhammad , Ali Rifaqat , Ahmad Lone Showkat
Published: August 2023

The phenomenon of free convection above an isothermal vertical cone in the flow of Newtonian fluid suspended with solid nanoparticles like silver (Ag) and magnesium oxide (MgO) is numerically analyzed in this paper. Here, a convectively heated vertical cone is immersed in the infinite nanofluid with a porous medium. The fluid motion occurs due to the thermal gradient and force of gravity in the system. Energy transportation is studied with help of the empirical theory of Cattaneo–Christov. The physical effects included in the problem are heat source, stratification, chemical reaction, and motile microorganism. Further, the total entropy rate is computed. The flow, temperature, concentration, and microorganism distribution are explored in view graphical abstracts which are computed numerically by integration of the governing non-linear system of equations using the bvp4c technique. The outcomes are validated by relating them to earlier available data in the field, which is a remarkable feature of the proposed model. In this feature, an admired balance has been attained. The investigation proves that the buoyancy ratio characteristic and bioconvection Rayleigh number reduce the fluid velocity. Further, the concentration and microorganism stratification parameter effect diminish the motile microorganism and concentration distribution.
Dynamic Buckling Characteristics of Drill String in Horizontal Wells
Authors: Tian Jialin , Song Haolin , Yang Yinglin , Mao Lanhui , Song Junyang
Published: August 2023

Buckling may cause drill string damage or even drilling failure. For the 3[Formula: see text]000-m-long horizontal section drill string, a simplified analysis model of drill string in horizontal well is established, and the dynamic response results of axial displacement, angular displacement and contact force are obtained. When buckling, the closer the position of drill string is to the bottom, the later the buckling time, the smaller the buckling deformation degree, the slower the growth rate of axial displacement, and the smaller the attenuation degree of angular displacement and contact force amplitude. After buckling, drill string undergoes tensile deformation and eventually remains stable in the tensile state. After stabilization, from the top of drill string to the bottom of drill string, axial displacement increment increases first, then remains unchanged and then decreases, and the relative torsion angle between different positions gradually decreases. The drill string is always in horizontal contact with the wellbore, resulting in the same contact force values at different locations. The change of well inclination angle does not affect the change law of displacement and contact force. The absolute value of angular displacement is negatively correlated with the change of well inclination angle, and the value of axial displacement increment and contact force is positively correlated with the change of well deviation angle, but the value of contact force is quite close. The research results can provide reference for alleviating the buckling of drill string in horizontal wells.
Propagation of electrostatic potential with dynamical behaviors and conservation laws of the (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear extended quantum Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation
Authors: Junaid-U-Rehman Muhammad , Almusawa Hassan , Awrejcewicz Jan , Kudra Grzegorz , Abbas Naseem , Rasool Azhar
Published: August 2023

The [Formula: see text]-expansion scheme is used to execute many wave results for the partial differential equation, namely, the nonlinear extended quantum Zakharov–Kuznetsov (NLEQZK) equation which plays a significant role in mathematical physics, and this equation is accomplished in quantum electron–positron–ion magneto plasmas. The Lie approach is used to find the infinitesimal generators, and group invariant solutions, and help us to reduce the considered PDEs into ODEs. Then a planer dynamical system approach is used to see the existence of closed-form solutions. All possible phase portraits are obtained and the existence of electrostatic wave potentials is reported. Meantime, periodic and super-nonlinear electrostatic wave potentials are found for different initial value conditions with the help of the Runge–Kutta method. Moreover, new traveling wave patterns of the considered models are constructed and presented graphically. Then, the conserved vectors of the given physical model with the use of the multiplier scheme are presented.
On the existence of the electromagnetic energy tensor in second-order Lovelock gravities
Authors: Martínez-Bohórquez R.
Published: August 2023

In this work, we prove that there are no electromagnetic energy tensors in second-order Lovelock gravities that verify properties equivalent to those of the Maxwell electromagnetic energy tensor in general relativity.
Synthesis, structures and alkane oxygenation reactivity of bioinspired fluoroalkyl iron phthalocyanines
Authors: Zhort Mufeda , Lee Hyun-Jin , Gorun Sergiu M.
Published: August 2023

We report the synthesis, structural characterization and reactivity of perfluoroalkyl (R[Formula: see text] substituted perfluoro phthalocyanines, [F[Formula: see text]PcFe(II)L2], L = axial H2O, methanol or pyridine, and [F[Formula: see text]PcFe(III)L], L = methoxy and cyanide anions. X-ray structures of the Fe(II) complexes reveal that axial H2O and methanol are nested in the hydrophobic R[Formula: see text] pocket of the macrocycle. The aqua complexes exhibit columnar stacking with a central linear chain of H-bonded H2O-Fe-H2O groups that form a hydrophilic, linear “core“embedded in surrounding R[Formula: see text] groups. The electron-deficient fluoroalkyl fluoro ([Formula: see text]-C3F[Formula: see text]F8PcFe(II)L2 complexes are all low-spin, diamagnetic, unlike the F[Formula: see text]PcFe complex, L = H2O, which is paramagnetic. The P450-related PcFe(II) complexes, which exhibit no macrocyclic C-H bonds, catalyze cyclohexane (C[Formula: see text] oxygenations using both t-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) and air, without noticeable catalyst decomposition, to produce C6-alcohol and C6-ketone in ~1:1 ratio (KA-oil). Relatively high TOFs, 180 and 85/hr, are observed for TBHP and O2-based oxygenations, respectively. No catalyst decomposition is observed for at least 8 hours, even up to 100[Formula: see text]C, when O2 is the oxidant, in the absence of a co-reductant. Fluoroalkylated phthalocyanine iron catalysts lacking C-H bonds could be suitable for other aerobic oxidations and oxygenations.
DEVELOPING INDICATORS OF OPEN INNOVATION EVENT OUTCOMES
Authors: GAGNE CORALIE , VEILLEUX SOPHIE , ARMELLINI FABIANO , COHENDET PATRICK , SIROIS LUC
Published: August 2023

Open innovation (OI) events are potent instruments for the development of dynamic ecosystems. However, the literature analyses the structure and mechanisms of OI events insufficiently to demonstrate their efficacy, making it difficult to justify the investments necessary for their success. With better data confirming their impact, funding for OI events should improve by becoming more accessible and, therefore, more conducive to efficient value creation. This regional study contributes to the literature on innovation ecosystems and field-configuring events by responding to the call for more effective measures of OI events to coordinate and improve the ecosystems’ overall competitiveness. Based on an analysis of six in-depth case studies, 28 semi-structured interviews, and secondary sources, we identify 54 best practices and 34 indicators of an event’s success for various actor types. Moreover, we suggest 11 measures of the short- and long-term impacts of an event on its ecosystem.
Non-Linear Non-Classical Modeling of Microparticles Manipulation Based on Finite Element Method
Authors: Korayem Moharam Habibnejad , Hefzabad Rouzbeh Nouhi
Published: August 2023

A comprehensive model was presented using the finite element method to analyze the dynamics of cylindrical microparticles, considering non-linear and size effects. The governing equations of motion have been derived based on the weak form method. The stiffness and mass matrices, along with the force vectors, have been presented for non-classical non-linear models of both the Euler–Bernoulli and Timoshenko types. The manipulation dynamics of cylindrical gold microparticles was simulated using FEM. In the simulations, four models of Euler–Bernoulli and Timoshenko beams were utilized. A mesh independence study was investigated. In non-linear models, the stiffness matrix takes into account the effects of higher-order strain terms, leading to a decrease in the maximum bending of the microparticle. The examination of the effects of aspect ratio showed that decreasing it reduces the deflection. After investigating the effects of length scale parameter and aspect ratio, a gold microparticle was manipulated by 200 nm using various models, and the final position of the particle was recorded. To validate the results, the deformations of polystyrene microrods were compared with the available data. The results can be used to make accurate estimates for the positioning of cylindrical microparticles, such as nanowires, nanorods and nanotubes.
The Surface Modification Strategy Toward Long Wavelength Emission of Carbon Dots
Authors: Pei Runfang , He Pinyi , Li Min , Wang Guangyan , Wang Xinyu , Qin Fu , Yu Xu , Bai Jianliang , Ren Lili
Published: August 2023

Carbon dots (CDs), as an important carbon-based nanomaterial, have been widely used in fluorescence (FL) detection, bioimaging, photocatalysis, light-emitting devices (LEDs) and many other fields, owing to their excellent optical properties. Regulating the fluorescent properties of carbon dots (CDs) in a controlled manner has been a fundamental research goal. Herein, solvent-dependent CDs (N-CDs) are synthesized through the solvothermal reaction of [Formula: see text]-phenylenediamine (OPD) in ethanol. When N-CDs are dispersed in solvents of different polarities, the emission wavelength only turned 39[Formula: see text]nm red-shift. While, the O-CDs are obtained by modifying the surface of N-CDs with 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid (TMA). O-CDs show four obvious FL emission peaks in the yellow, orange and red regions at 554[Formula: see text]nm, 604[Formula: see text]nm, 650[Formula: see text]nm and 712[Formula: see text]nm with a tail extending to 750[Formula: see text]nm, even entering into near-infrared-I (NIR-I) region. Thus, according to the special structure of CDs, this work provides a novel donor-[Formula: see text]-acceptor (D-[Formula: see text]-A) strategy for preparing long wavelength emissive CDs. Finally, the N-CDs and O-CDs are successfully applied to cellular imaging.
Algebraic connectivity of Kronecker products of line graphs
Authors: Chauhan Shivani , Reddy A. Satyanarayana
Published: August 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be a tree with [Formula: see text] vertices and [Formula: see text] be its line graph. In this work, we completely characterize the trees for which the algebraic connectivity of [Formula: see text] is equal to [Formula: see text], where × denotes the Kronecker product. We provide a few necessary and sufficient conditions for [Formula: see text] to be Laplacian integral. The algebraic connectivity of [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a tree of diameter 4 and [Formula: see text]-book graph is discussed.
Phase-field simulations of topological conservation in multi-vortex induced by surface charge in BiFeO3 thin films
Authors: Wang Mengyuan , Liu Di , Wang Jing , Liang Deshan , Huang Houbing
Published: August 2023

The creations and manipulations of vortexes in ferroelectric materials with external stimuli are expected to be used in the design and fabrication of sensing materials and multifunctional electronic devices. In this work, we investigated the surface charge-induced multi-vortex evolution using the phase-field simulations in BiFeO3. A combination of domain morphology, polarization distribution and winding number calculation was considered. The results show that vortex and anti-vortex exist simultaneously in pairs, and the total value of winding numbers is always 0. In addition, the minimum distance [Formula: see text] between the surface charge regions is 9[Formula: see text]nm when the vortex domains are independent of each other. This work provides a reference for the manipulation of ferroelectric vortex induced by surface charges, which lays a theoretical foundation for the design and fabrication of high-density vortex memories.
Thermodynamic Properties and Magnetocaloric Effect of Spins - 1/2 Square Lattice
Authors: Choubi M. , Harir S. , El Ghazrani A. , Lahbibi A. , Sougrati M. , Boughaleb Y.
Published: August 2023

This work aims to investigate the thermodynamic properties and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of spins - 1/2 square lattice using Monte Carlo simulation. The considered Ising model is parameterized by the couplings J, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]; where J is the ferromagnetic exchange interaction between first nearest-neighbor spins, a is the anisotropic parameter and [Formula: see text] is the ferromagnetic exchange interaction between second nearest-neighbor spins. Monte Carlo simulation under Metropolis algorithm allows us to study some thermodynamic properties and MCE of spins - 1/2 square lattice. The discussion of the obtained results allowed us to specify the conditions which can enrich the MCE in spins - 1/2 square lattice. The two-dimensional anisotropic Ising model presents clarifying the critical point of the ferromagnetic–paramagnetic transition, and we have shown that the maximum entropy variation increases when it occurs at the ferromagnetic–paramagnetic transition temperature regardless of the intensity of the applied magnetic field and the values of “a” and “b”.
Fabrication of thin-walled hat-shaped beams from ultrahigh strength steel by laser-assisted robotic roller forming
Authors: Liu Yi , Qiu Junpeng , Wang Jincheng , Bambach Markus , Min Junying
Published: August 2023

Laser-assisted robotic roller forming (LRRF) can be applied to forming ultrahigh strength sheets to products with high geometrical accuracy. In this study, the geometrical profiles and three-point bending performance of thin-walled hat-shaped beams formed by LRRF and robotic roller forming (RRF, i.e., without laser heating) were experimentally investigated. It is found that the geometrical distortion resulted from the accumulation of longitudinal tension during multi-pass roller forming is significantly alleviated by LRRF. In addition, the bending performance of LRRF beam assembly is ameliorated at the initial deformation stage of three-point bending. The improvement is ascribed to a smaller bending radius and the alter of mechanical properties at the laser heat-affected zone. The lower geometrical precision of beams formed without laser heating results in early failure of spot welds of the beam assembly during three-point bending. LRRF beam assembly exhibits larger displacements at failure, and the failure mode is cracking at the edge of the laser-irradiated region. The pronounced microstructure differences on both sides of the crack suggest that the obvious laser-induced mechanical property gradients are responsible for the failure of LRRF beam assembly during three-point bending.
Equation of states at extreme compression ranges: Pressure and bulk modulus as an example
Authors: Srivastava Shivam , Singh Prachi , Pandey Anjani K. , Dixit Chandra K. , Pandey Kapil , Tripathi Shipra
Published: August 2023

This work uses number of theoretical EOSs at extreme compression ranges and it will present a clear picture of extreme compression behavior of materials. This theory has been developed under extreme compressions ranging from 0.01 to 0.001. From theoretical analysis, it has been proved that Pressure and bulk modulus have a special relationship at extreme compressions. To prove this, we have used three different EOSs: the Birch–Murnaghan EOS, the Brennan–Stacey EOS, and the modified Lenard-Jones EOS.
EnML: Multi-label Ensemble Learning for Urdu Text Classification
Authors: Mehmood Faiza , Shahzadi Rehab , Ghafoor Hina , Asim Muhammad Nabeel , Ghani Muhammad Usman , Mahmood Waqar , Dengel Andreas
Published: August 2023

Exponential growth of electronic data requires advanced multi-label classification approaches for the development of natural language processing (NLP) applications such as recommendation systems, drug reaction detection, hate speech detection, and opinion recognition/mining. To date, several machine and deep learning–based multi-label classification methodologies have been proposed for English, French, German, Chinese, Arabic, and other developed languages. Urdu is the 11th largest language in the world and has no computer-aided multi-label textual news classification approach. Unlike other languages, Urdu is lacking multi-label text classification datasets that can be used to benchmark the performance of existing machine and deep learning methodologies. With an aim to accelerate and expedite research for the development of Urdu multi-label text classification–based applications, this article provides multiple contributions as follows: First, it provides a manually annotated multi-label textual news classification dataset for the Urdu language. Second, it benchmarks the performance of traditional machine learning approaches particularly by adapting three data transformation approaches along with three top-performing machine learning classifiers and four algorithm adaptation-based approaches. Third, it benchmarks performance of 16 existing deep learning approaches and the four most widely used language models. Finally, it provides an ensemble approach that reaps the benefits of three different deep learning architectures to precisely predict different classes associated with a particular Urdu textual document. Experimental results reveal that proposed ensemble approach performance values (87% accuracy, 92% F1-score, and 8% hamming loss) are significantly higher than adapted machine and deep learning–based approaches.
A Study of Learning Achievement Using a Flipped-Classroom Model Combined with Online Cooperative Learning in Soil Mechanics Laboratory
Authors: Saekram Surawut , Pramongudomrat Prasit , Katawaethwarag Sakda , Maneekeaw Siriphat
Published: August 2023

The objectives of this research were (1) to assess the appropriateness, (2) to study the learning achievement, and (3) to study the satisfaction of learners of the flipped-classroom model combined with online cooperative learning in the Soil Mechanics Laboratory. The research sample are 56 students enrolled in Soil Mechanics Laboratory, semester 1/2021, Civil Engineering and Education Program; Department of Teacher Training in Civil Engineering; Faculty of Technical Education; King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok. There were five experts in content and another 10 in education. The tools used in the research were online lessons and a learning achievement test. Another tool included a student satisfaction questionnaire with a flipped-classroom model combined with online cooperative learning. The statistics used in the research were percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The results showed (1) the overall suitability of the flipped-classroom model combined with online cooperative learning was at a high level of 4.30/5.00, (2) the overall mean exercise/quiz scores (E1/E2) of learning achievement with a flipped-classroom model combined with online cooperative learning were 85.18/81.01 (100), and (3) the overall learner satisfaction with the flipped-classroom model combined with online cooperative learning was at the highest level of 4.56/5.00.
Phenotypic Characterization, Evaluation, and Classification of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Accessions in Ethiopia
Authors: Bilate Daemo Berhanu , Belew Yohannes Derbew , Mulualem Beyene Tewodros , Abtew Wosene Gebreselassie
Published: August 2023

Cassava has a crucial role in benefiting smallholder farmers as the main food and income source in southern Ethiopia. Characterization accessions are crucial for assessing variation, classifying, and identifying desirable accessions for crop improvement and conservation. In this regard, there needs to be more information on the morphological characterization and classification cassava accessions. Thus, the aim of this research was to systematically characterize, evaluate, and classify cassava accessions using qualitative characters to provide useful information for breeding program and conservation. A total of 64 accessions were planted using a simple lattice design during the 2020-2021 cropping season. Thirty qualitative data were collected at 3, 6, 9, and 18 months after planting and analyzed using the SAS and R-software packages. The high variable characteristics were the shape of the central leaflet, petiole color, leaf retention, branching habit, the color of the stem epidermis, the color of the stem exterior, the external color of the storage root, and the color of the root pulp towards frequency distribution analysis. The Shannon–Weaver diversity index ranged from 0.24 to 1.47, with an overall mean of 0.84. The first three dimensions in the multiple correspondent method explained approximately 39.39% of the total variation, with Dim 1 accounting for 20.77% and Dim 2 accounting for 9.98%, while petiole color and texture of the root epidermis were the leading contributors to the total variation, respectively. In clustering analysis, 64 accessions were classified into 4 clusters of varying sizes. The distribution of accessions in each cluster revealed that 52 accessions were in cluster I, 6 in cluster II, 5 in cluster III, and 1 in cluster IV. Each cluster was varied by a major group characteristic that it represented. Furthermore, the study identified the desirable accessions for desired storage root characteristics such as root constrictions, the external color of the storage root, the color of root pulp, the color of the root cortex, and cortex peeling tendency. In conclusion, the various analyses performed indicated the existence of sufficient genetic variability for the characteristics evaluated, which could be attributed to the dissimilar genetic backgrounds of the evaluated accessions. Thus, these could be utilized for breeding work and conservation.
The Changes of Phenotypic Characteristics of Shewanella putrefaciens under Cold Adaptation
Authors: Gao Xin , Sun Min , Li Bo , Xie Jing
Published: August 2023

Shewanella putrefaciens (S. putrefaciens) is frequently detected as a serious threat to food safety because it causes spoilage of aquatic products during cold chain transportation. Here, we studied phenotypic changes in S. putrefaciens at low temperatures to discuss the specific behavior of its spoiled aquatic products. S. putrefaciens was found to grow considerably through the growth curve at 0–30°C. In order to investigate the strong putrefaction of aquatic significant amounts under cold storage at 0–10°C, SEM was used to examine the microstructure of S. putrefaciens that had been cultivated at various temperatures. At low temperatures, it was discovered that the cell membrane surface of S. putrefaciens was smoother. FITC-labeled fluorescence microscope was used to view the results. Analysis of S. putrefaciens cultivated at various temperatures revealed that the integrity and permeability of the cell membrane deteriorated with the drop of culture temperature; however, the downward trend slowed down when the temperature was below 10°C. In addition, as the temperature continued to drop below 10°C, the capacity of S. putrefaciens to build biofilms did not diminish noticeably. The findings demonstrate that S. putrefaciens’s cold adaptation mechanism at low temperatures involves modifications to the morphological and phenotypic characteristics of cell membranes, plays a significant role in the organism’s ability to corrode aquatic products at low temperatures, and provides an important target for prevention and control of S. putrefaciens’ ability to contaminate aquatic products and cause financial losses.
Coinheritance of the c.-19 G > C and c.315 + 1 G > A Variants in the β-Globin Gene Leads to Thalassemia Disease: A Report from the North of Iran
Authors: Jalali Hossein , Mahdavi Mahan , Eslamijouybari Mohammad , Mahdavi Mohammad Reza
Published: August 2023

Up to now, more than 300 pathogenic variants have been identified in the β-globin gene, some of which are categorized as silent mutations that do not change the hematological indices. In the present study, our aim is to introduce the first report of a case with thalassemia intermedia with coinheritance of the c.315 + 1 G > A pathogenic variant and a silent variant (HBB: c.-19 G > C) that was missed during the screening program. Multiplex-Gap-PCR and Sanger sequencing methods were applied to identify α- and β-globin gene mutations in a 26-year-old male subject with diagnosis of thalassemia. The identified mutations were also checked on the parent’s sample. The CBC and capillary electrophoresis tests were performed on the parent’s blood samples. The case was compound heterozygote for the c.315 + 1 G > A and c.-19 G > C (rs1239893012) variants. The subject’s mother carried the c.-19 G > C variant in the β-globin gene while her CBC and electrophoresis test results showed a normal pattern. Silent mutations are susceptible to being missed during premarital screening of β-thalassemia carriers, and the c.-19 G > C variant is recommended to be classified as a pathogenic variant in the β-globin gene.
Removable Transduodenal Bypass: Development of a New Endoscopic Concept
Authors: Finze Alida , Otto Mirko , Kähler Georg
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Obesity and obesity-related disease such as diabetes mellitus type 2 are a permanently rising concern worldwide. Current effective therapeutic options mostly include medication and surgery, but there is a lack of effective treatment options between medication and surgery. Previously, devices such as EndoBarrier® have been placed on the market. However, high complication rates, especially liver abscesses, were seen in patients after implantation of the device. Nevertheless, duodenal lining seems to be an effective therapy for type 2 diabetes in obese patients and can lead to weight loss. Methods: A new removable transduodenal bypass was developed and tested on a porcine model. In this course, the device evolved in its mechanism and handling. The device is designed to avoid typical complications seen in previous duodenal liners. Results: After further development of the device, implantation and use were feasible and safe in the porcine model. Autopsies showed that the device stayed in place and remained intact. Discussion: The new removable transduodenal bypass aims to be a removable therapeutic option for diabetes mellitus type 2 and obesity, replacing previous duodenal lining devices. Use and handling of the device, however, are yet to be tested in the human model in the future.
Neural Specialization for English and Arabic Print in Early Readers
Authors: Centanni Tracy M.
Published: August 2023

Learning to read requires the specialization of a region in the left fusiform gyrus known as the visual word form area (VWFA). This region, which initially responds to faces and objects, develops specificity for print over a long trajectory of instruction and practice. VWFA neurons may be primed for print because of their pre-literate tuning properties, becoming specialized through top-down feedback mechanisms during learning. However, much of what is known about the VWFA comes from studies of Western orthographies, whose alphabets share common visual characteristics. Far less is known about the development of the VWFA for Arabic, which is a complex orthography and is significantly more difficult to achieve fluency in in reading. In the current study, electroencephalography responses were collected from first grade children in the United Arab Emirates learning to read in both English and Arabic. Children viewed words and false font strings in English and Arabic while performing a vigilance task. The P1 and N1 responses to all stimulus categories were quantified in two occipital and two parietal electrodes as well as the alpha band signal across all four electrodes of interest. Analysis revealed a significantly stronger N1 response to English compared to Arabic and decreased alpha power to Arabic compared to English. These findings suggest a fundamental difference in neural plasticity for these two distinct orthographies, even when instruction is concurrent. Future work is needed to determine whether VWFA specialization for Arabic takes longer than more well-studied orthographies and if differences in reading instruction approaches help accelerate this process.
A new damselfy from the Lower Eocene Green River Formation (Odonata, Dysagrionidae)
Authors: NEL ANDRÉ , PALAZZO GAETANO J. , AASE ARVID
Published: August 2023

The Eocene Green River Formation in the USA is well known as a Konservat-Lagerstätte, and has yielded an enormous number of beautifully preserved fossil insects from the Parachute Creek Member of Lake Uinta in Colorado and Utah, USA (Grande, 1984) where insects dominate the fauna. In Fossil Lake deposits, fish dominate the fauna with insects a minor component. This formation spans a 5-myr-long period between ca. 53.5 and 48.5 Ma (Smith et al., 2003) in three distinct basins containing lacustrine sediments. Many of these fossils are in an exquisite state of preservation, occasionally even with soft tissues and colour patterns preserved (e.g., Bechly et al., 2020). As this entomofauna is one of the most diverse for the Early Eocene, increasing its knowledge is crucial for the understanding of the evolution of the insects at that time. This is especially the case for the Odonata, a clade that remains poorly known for the Paleocene and early Eocene (Nel & Jouault, 2022). Bechly et al. (2020) provided a first revision of the damselflies from the Green River Formation, but continuing excavation produces new specimens. The specimen described herein was recently discovered while excavating fossil fish in the Fossil Lake deposits of the Green River Formation in southwest Wyoming. This new species of Zygoptera from the Fossil Lake deposits further demonstrates its impressive diversity of Odonata.
Invisible women: Gender representation in high school science courses across Australia
Authors: Ross Kathryn , Galaudage Shanika , Clark Tegan , Lowson Nataliea , Battisti Andrew , Adam Helen , Ross Alexandra K , Sweaney Nici
Published: August 2023

The visibility of female role models in science is vital for engaging and retaining women in scientific fields. In this study, we analyse four senior secondary science courses delivered across the states and territories in Australia: Biology, Chemistry, Environmental Science, and Physics. We compared male and female representation within the science courses by examining the mentions of male and female scientists along with the context of their inclusions in the syllabuses. We find a clear gender bias with only one unique mention of a female scientist. We also find a clear Eurocentric focus and narrow representation of scientists. This bias will contribute to the continuing low engagement of women in scientific fields. We outline possible solutions to address this issue, including the accreditation of scientific discoveries to include female scientists and explicit discussion of structural barriers preventing the participation and progression of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM).
Transparent Automated Advice to Mitigate the Impact of Variation in Automation Reliability
Authors: Gegoff Isabella , Tatasciore Monica , Bowden Vanessa , McCarley Jason , Loft Shayne
Published: August 2023

Objective

To examine the extent to which increased automation transparency can mitigate the potential negative effects of low and high automation reliability on disuse and misuse of automated advice, and perceived trust in automation.

Background

Automated decision aids that vary in the reliability of their advice are increasingly used in workplaces. Low-reliability automation can increase disuse of automated advice, while high-reliability automation can increase misuse. These effects could be reduced if the rationale underlying automated advice is made more transparent.

Methods

Participants selected the optimal UV to complete missions. The Recommender (automated decision aid) assisted participants by providing advice; however, it was not always reliable. Participants determined whether the Recommender provided accurate information and whether to accept or reject advice. The level of automation transparency (medium, high) and reliability (low: 65%, high: 90%) were manipulated between-subjects.

Results

With high- compared to low-reliability automation, participants made more accurate (correctly accepted advice and identified whether information was accurate/inaccurate) and faster decisions, and reported increased trust in automation. Increased transparency led to more accurate and faster decisions, lower subjective workload, and higher usability ratings. It also eliminated the increased automation disuse associated with low-reliability automation. However, transparency did not mitigate the misuse associated with high-reliability automation.

Conclusion

Transparency protected against low-reliability automation disuse, but not against the increased misuse potentially associated with the reduced monitoring and verification of high-reliability automation.

Application

These outcomes can inform the design of transparent automation to improve human-automation teaming under conditions of varied automation reliability.
The Editor’s Note: The power of the bright side
Authors: Preston Teresa
Published: August 2023

The September 2023 issue of Kappan focuses on “What’s going well in schools?” But it’s being published in a time when the news about schools seems to be nothing but bad. Teresa Preston, Kappan’s editor-in-chief, explains that there are lots of good things going on in individual districts, schools, and classrooms. Seeing the good takes time and mental discipline, but forming the habit of looking for good things makes it easier to recognize them when they appear.
A design course for every student
Authors: Kemp Susanna
Published: August 2023

Integrating STEAM with human-centered design is one way to transform the teaching of high school mathematics. Susanna Kemp described how this was done at Evanston Township High School in Illinois through a project-based learning class called STEAM Design Thinking & Innovation. The course equips students with real-world skills like critical thinking, creativity, communication, curiosity, collaboration, and empathy. Kemp describes the creation of the course as well as the design thinking process, shares how the course addresses critiques of design thinking, and encourages educators to develop curricula that focus on process over outcome and that de-emphasize competition.
Why teachers leave: It isn’t what you think
Authors: Pendola Andrew , Marshall David T. , Pressley Tim , Trammell Deja L.
Published: August 2023

With all the talk of turnover and shortages, it would be easy to think that many teachers have simply given up on education. Yet, despite the myriad challenges teachers have faced recently, this is not the case: Teachers care about their work as much as ever. Andrew Pendola, David Marshall, Tim Pressley, and Deja Trammell present a new narrative suggesting that there is no shortage of teacher dedication, even if some are leaving. They provide strategic, school-level changes that can not only help keep our best teachers, but also enrich their core purpose and dedication.
Policy Solutions: Should we abolish school boards?
Authors: Collins Jonathan E.
Published: August 2023

News about violence and dysfunction at school board meetings may shape the impressions most people have of the public school governing body. While school boards have their flaws, Kappan columnist Jonathan E. Collins argues that they are worth preserving. School boards offer localized decision making and a way for a community to choose their representatives. School board meetings by law are open to the public and allow children under the age of 18 to speak and participate. Importantly, school boards are able to address student needs on a systemwide scale.
North America’s Amish-Mennonites adopt abroad: The ideologies and institutional conditions that cracked the homogeneity of an ethnic religion
Authors: ANDERSON Cory , ANDERSON Jennifer
Published: August 2023

Under what social conditions would ethnic sectarians in developed countries engage in inter-country adoption, grafting ethnically diverse children into their homogeneous contexts? In this article, we present a case study of Amish-Mennonite adoption-oriented children’s homes in underdeveloped countries. As the ethnic sectarian, family-oriented, evangelical Amish-Mennonites met little success proselytizing adults, adoption-oriented children’s home allowed adoptive parents to demonstrate their commitment to mission while maintaining sectarian-style control over a child’s socialization. Ultimately, the children’s homes were short lived, coming and going based on larger geo-political dynamics, signaling that this unusual international adoption project is internally motivated but enabled and constrained by larger institutional contexts. Although the actual percentage of inter-country adoptees to Amish-Mennonite homes is small, this case demonstrates that the right combination of values and broader political dynamics create conditions facilitating migration of children from lesser developed countries into wealthy contexts, a process cracking – even if not fully opening – Amish-Mennonite ethnic/racial homogeneity.
An evaluation framework for predictive models of neighbourhood change with applications to predicting residential sales in Buffalo, NY
Authors: Vergara Jan Voltaire , Rodriguez Maria Y , Phillips Jonathan , Dohler Ehren , Villodas Melissa L , Wilson Amy Blank , Joseph Kenneth
Published: August 2023

New data and technologies, in particular machine learning, may make it possible to forecast neighbourhood change. Doing so may help, for example, to prevent the negative impacts of gentrification on marginalised communities. However, predictive models of neighbourhood change face four challenges: accuracy (are they right?), granularity (are they right at spatial or temporal scales that actually matter for a policy response?), bias (are they equitable?) and expert validity (do models and their predictions make sense to domain experts?). The present work provides a framework to evaluate the performance of predictive models of neighbourhood change along these four dimensions. We illustrate the application of our evaluation framework via a case study of Buffalo, NY, where we consider the following prediction task: given historical data, can we predict the percentage of residential buildings that will be sold or foreclosed on in a given area over a fixed amount of time into the future?