bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic changes in mitochondrial localization in human neocortical basal radial glial cells during cell cycle
Authors: Gkini Vasiliki , Gómez‐Lozano Inés , Heikinheimo Oskari , Namba Takashi
Published: June 2024

Mitochondria play critical roles in neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation and fate decisions. The subcellular localization of mitochondria in neural stem/progenitor cells during mitosis potentially influences the distribution of mitochondria to the daughter cells and thus their fates. Therefore, understanding the spatial dynamics of mitochondria provides important knowledge about brain development. In this study, we analyzed the subcellular localization of mitochondria in the fetal human neocortex with a particular focus on the basal radial glial cells (bRGCs), a neural stem/progenitor cell subtype attributed to the evolutionary expansion of the human neocortex. During interphase, bRGCs exhibit a polarized localization of mitochondria that is localized at the base of the process or the proximal part of the process. Thereafter, mitochondria in bRGCs at metaphase show unpolarized distribution in which the mitochondria are randomly localized in the cytoplasm. During anaphase and telophase, mitochondria are still localized evenly, but mainly in the periphery of the cytoplasm. Mitochondria start to accumulate at the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. These results suggest that the mitochondrial localization in bRGCs is tightly regulated during the cell cycle, which may ensure the proper distribution of mitochondria to the daughter cells and, thus in turn, influence their fates.
The Rohde‐like cells at the posterior end of the dorsal nerve cord of amphioxus (Cephalochordata)
Authors: Holland Nicholas D. , Holland Linda Z.
Published: June 2024

For postmetamorphic specimens of amphioxus (Cephalochordata), serial block‐face scanning electron microscopy (SBSEM) is used to describe the long‐ignored Rohde‐like cells (RLCs) at the extreme posterior end of the dorsal nerve cord. These cells, numbering about three dozen in all, are divisible into a group with larger diameters running near the dorsal side of the cord and a more ventral group with smaller diameters closely associated with the central canal of the neurocoel. It is possible that the smaller ventral cells might be generated at the ependymal zone of the dorsal nerve cord and later migrate to a dorsal position, although a functional reason for this remains a mystery. All the RLCs have conspicuous regions of microvilli covering as much as 40% of their surface; limited data (by others) on the more anterior bona fide Rohde cells also indicate an extensive microvillar surface. Thus, both the RLCs and the better‐known Rohde cells appear to be rhabdomeric photoreceptors, although a specific function for this feature is currently unknown. Even more perplexingly, although the Rohde cells are quintessential neurons extending giant processes, each RLC comprises a perikaryon that does not bear any neurites.
Recycling of chicken feathers
Authors: Xu Guiyin , Shan Minghui , Chen Huijun , Cao Yunteng , Nie Ping , Xiang Tengfei , Dang Chenyang , Stapelberg Myles G. , Zhu Dongyang , Zhu Meifang
Published: June 2024

The extensive consumption of chicken has resulted in the emergence of a significant environmental issue in the form of chicken feather waste. As such, there is an urgent need for the development of green treatment and recycling methods for chicken feathers. Chicken feathers can serve as a type of heteroatomic doping carbon source, making them an excellent candidate for the electrode materials used in electrochemical energy devices. Furthermore, their unique structures and functional groups make them highly promising for use as adsorbents, electronics, and building materials. In this paper, we provide a summary and review of recent progress made in the use of chicken feathers for energy and environmental applications. Based on the theoretical knowledge and practical applications presented in this review, promising green recycling processes of chicken feathers can be developed. These processes can help to reduce environmental pollution and promote sustainable development.
Improving ROUGE‐1 by 6%: A novel multilingual transformer for abstractive news summarization
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Solanki Arun
Published: June 2024

Natural language processing (NLP) has undergone a significant transformation, evolving from manually crafted rules to powerful deep learning techniques such as transformers. These advancements have revolutionized various domains including summarization, question answering, and more. Statistical models like hidden Markov models (HMMs) and supervised learning have played crucial roles in laying the foundation for this progress. Recent breakthroughs in transfer learning and the emergence of large‐scale models like BERT and GPT have further pushed the boundaries of NLP research. However, news summarization remains a challenging task in NLP, often resulting in factual inaccuracies or the loss of the article's essence. In this study, we propose a novel approach to news summarization utilizing a fine‐tuned Transformer architecture pre‐trained on Google's mt‐small tokenizer. Our model demonstrates significant performance improvements over previous methods on the Inshorts English News dataset, achieving a 6% enhancement in the ROUGE‐1 score and reducing training loss by 50%. This breakthrough facilitates the generation of reliable and concise news summaries, thereby enhancing information accessibility and user experience. Additionally, we conduct a comprehensive evaluation of our model's performance using popular metrics such as ROUGE scores, with our proposed model achieving ROUGE‐1: 54.6130, ROUGE‐2: 31.1543, ROUGE‐L: 50.7709, and ROUGE‐LSum: 50.7907. Furthermore, we observe a substantial reduction in training and validation losses, underscoring the effectiveness of our proposed approach.
Thinking Three‐Dimensionally: A Self‐ and Externally‐Controlled Approach to Screening for Drug–Drug–Drug Interactions Among High‐Risk Populations
Authors: Acton Emily K. , Hennessy Sean , Gelfand Michael A. , Leonard Charles E. , Bilker Warren B. , Shu Di , Willis Allison W. , Kasner Scott E.
Published: June 2024

The global rise in polypharmacy has increased both the necessity and complexity of drug–drug interaction (DDI) assessments, given the growing potential for interactions involving more than two drugs. Leveraging large‐scale healthcare claims data, we piloted a semi‐automated, high‐throughput case‐crossover‐based approach for drug–drug–drug interaction (3DI) screening. Cases were direct‐acting oral anticoagulant (DOAC) users with either a major bleeding event during ongoing dispensings for potentially interacting, enzyme‐inhibiting antihypertensive drugs (AHDs) (Study 1), or a thromboembolic event during ongoing dispensings for potentially interacting, enzyme‐inducing antiseizure medications (ASMs) (Study 2). 3DI detection was based on screening for additional drug exposures that served as acute outcome triggers. To mitigate direct effects and confounding by concomitant drugs, self‐controlled estimates were adjusted using negative cases (external “control” DOAC users with the same outcomes but co‐dispensings for non‐interacting AHDs or ASMs). Signal thresholds were set based on P‐values and false discovery rate q‐values to address multiple comparisons. Study 1: 285 drugs were examined among 3,306 episodes. Self‐controlled assessments with q‐value thresholds yielded 9 3DI signals (cases) and 40 DDI signals (negative cases). External adjustment generated 10 3DI signals from the P‐value threshold and no signals from the q‐value threshold. Study 2: 126 drugs were examined among 604 episodes. Assessments with P‐value thresholds yielded 3 3DI and 26 DDI signals following self‐control, as well as 4 3DI signals following adjustment. No 3DI signals met the q‐value threshold. The presented self‐ and externally‐controlled approach aimed to advance paradigms for real‐world higher order drug interaction screening among high‐susceptibility populations with pre‐existent DDI risk.
How green transformational leadership drives environmental performance and firm performance? Empirical evidence from an emerging economy
Authors: Le Thanh Tiep , Chau Thoi Le Quan , Ngoc Lien Tran Thi , Tieu Thanh Tran
Published: June 2024

This study attempted to inspect the influence of green transformational leadership (GTL) on the development of business performance (FP) and environmental performance (EP) in SMEs of Vietnam with a mediating of green innovation (GI). Besides, the current study evaluated the positive impact of GTL on green human resource management (GHRM) and green thinking (GT), and ultimately on GI. The study investigated the hypotheses supplied by 416 survey samples from managers and directors at SMEs using structural equation modeling. Our findings reveal that GTL significantly influences the three green criterias, GHRM, GT, and GI. It investigates the impact of green factors in the context of Vietnamese SMEs. Specifically, the uniqueness of this study lies in examining the mediating role of GI with respect to the link between GTL and EP, FP, to compare how the indirect effects of GTL on EP and FP differ under the same conditions. Besides, the finding highlights that businesses will benefit from continual GI regarding the environment, earnings, and corporate image. Thus, the implications arising from this study and related documents contribute to helping managers understand the needs and benefits of green factors, thereby prioritizing the transmission of green goals to employees via vision and mission, thereby creating a new cultural dimension that contributes to the natural environment's sustainability. Furthermore, managers are urged to recruit, inspire, and provide opportunities for green human resources to use their potential for enhancing green products and processes to build the business and contribute to the environment.
Reproducibility assessment of WHO reporting system for pancreaticobiliary cytopathology: A single institution experience
Authors: Selvaraj Sivaranjani , Dharmalingam Priya , Alashetty Soumya , Patil Akkamahadevi
Published: June 2024

Background

The World Health Organization (WHO) reporting system for pancreaticobiliary cytopathology was released to internationalize the reporting, assisting in correct diagnosis and patient treatment with significant revisions from the previous Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology (PSC) system. The “neoplastic: benign” and “neoplastic: other” categories have mostly been superseded by two new ones: “pancreatic neoplasia‐low‐grade” (PaN‐low) and “pancreatic neoplasia‐high‐grade” (PaN‐high), which classify intermediate neoplastic lesions based on cytological atypia. We aim to assess the reproducibility and risk of malignancy (ROM) for reporting pancreaticobiliary cytopathology by the WHO system in comparison with the PSC system.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective study by reviewing archival slides sent for pancreaticobiliary cytological evaluation from June 2021 to June 2023, by two pathologists blinded to each other's findings. Absolute ROM was determined by histopathology/cell block study/clinical follow‐up (minimum 6 months)/overtly malignant imaging/metastasis.

Results

A total of 332 cases from 329 patients met the inclusion criteria, comprising pancreatic, gallbladder, and biliary lesions. The median patient age was 54 years (range, 14–86 years). The overall sensitivity of the test is 74.9% specificity is 93.2%, positive predictive value of 96.8%, negative predictive value of 57.6%, and a diagnostic accuracy of 81.8%.

The absolute ROM for each site in all categories was comparable with that of the published data from the WHO system.

Conclusion

Our study highlights the reliability of the WHO system for guiding clinical decision‐making and patient management in the context of pancreaticobiliary. However, continual efforts among pathologists are essential to maintain consistent accuracy in cytological interpretations.
Trends in research approaches and gender in plant ecology dissertations over four decades
Authors: Poddar Urmi , Lam Kristi , Gurevitch Jessica
Published: June 2024

Dissertations are a foundational scientific product; they are the formative product that early‐career scientists create and share original knowledge. The methodological approaches used in dissertations vary with the research field. In plant ecology, these approaches include observations, experiments (field or controlled environment), literature reviews, theoretical approaches, or analyses of existing data (including “big data”). Recently, concerns have been raised about the rise of “big data” studies and the loss of observational and field‐based studies in ecology, but such trends have not been formally quantified. Therefore, we examined how the emphasis on each of these categories has changed over time and whether male and female authors differ in the methods employed. We found remarkable temporal consistency, with observational studies being dominant over the entire time span examined. There was an increase in the number of approaches employed per dissertation, with increases in analyses of databases and theoretical studies adding to rather than replacing traditional methodologies (like observations and field experiments). The representation of women increased over time. There were some differences in the approaches taken by men and women, which requires further investigation.
Age structure and body size of two Tibetan toad (Bufo tibetanus) populations from different elevations in China
Authors: Xu Mengshuang , Wang Gege , Liu Putong , He Zhuolin , He Kaiqin , Cheng Zhiqiang , Wang Ziqi , Chen Wei , Li Zhibing , Zhang Lixia
Published: June 2024

Understanding how age and body size vary across elevations can provide insights into the evolution of life‐history traits in animals. In the present study, we compared the demographic (using skeletochronology) and morphological traits of the Tibetan toad (Bufo tibetanus) between two populations from different elevational habitats (2650 vs. 3930 m). We found that (1) the mean age and body size of females were significantly greater than those of males in both populations; (2) both sexes of toads from the higher elevation tended to be significantly older in age and larger in body size; (3) there was a significant positive relationship between age and body size within each sex of the toad at both elevations; and (4) growth rates varied between the two populations, with the higher rate observed in the lower‐elevation population. Our results suggested that factors other than age, such as elevation‐associated temperature, influence the observed differences in body size between the two populations. Future research at a broader range of elevations should focus on these factors and evaluate their influence on animal growth patterns.
Energy Transfer Processes in NaBiF4 Nanocrystals Co‐Doped with Tb3+ and Eu3+ Dispersed in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Hu Xiaowu , Ruggieri Silvia , Bettinelli Marco , Piccinelli Fabio
Published: June 2024

The synthesis of hexagonal NaBiF4 co‐doped with Tb3+ and Eu3+(NaBi0.75−xTb0.25EuxF4; with x=0, 5, 10, 20 and 30) was achieved via a facile and fast precipitation route at 35 °C. Powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) and luminescence spectroscopy have been employed to characterize and investigate the materials. The study of luminescence spectroscopy and decay kinetics of the 5D4 excited state of Tb3+ provides the evidence of a Tb3+→Eu3+ energy transfer process. Sodium citrate has been adopted as capping agent to promote a homogeneous dispersion of the materials into water and to protect the inorganic host, which is water sensitive, from direct contact with this molecule. The comparison of luminescence properties between bare and citrate‐capped samples of NaBiF4 co‐doped with Tb3+ and Eu3+ reveals a marked difference in the Tb3+→Eu3+ energy transfer efficiency, which has been tentatively explained on the basis of a different environment surrounding the lanthanide ions in the two families of compounds.
Blockchain for sustainable city transformation: A review on Bangladesh
Authors: Joysoyal Rahul , Uddin Shekh S. , Islam Touhid , Sarker Subrata K. , Li Li , Ahsan Faiaz , Bhatti Uzair Aslam , Zafir Ehsanul Islam
Published: June 2024

Blockchain (BCn) revolution across the world leads the global transformation by altering the existing structure and introducing the accessible and decentralized paradigm. This technology facilitates access to resources and redefines conventional frameworks, empowering people and communities globally. Motivated by these attention‐seeking potentiality of BCn features, in this article, we examine the challenges, advancements, and emerging prospects of the BCn revolution in Bangladesh. With a specific focus on BCn implications for sustainability and smart development, this study addresses the urgent need to understand how BCn can facilitate sustainable development in rapidly evolving countries like Bangladesh. The goal of this research is to draw attention to the successful revolution of BCn in the world and use this knowledge to extract best practices and cutting‐edge strategies for sustainable transformation of Bangladesh. The contribution of this study covers the underlying concepts of the BCn technology, showing the revolutionary state of BCn across the world, applications of BCn for sustainability, assessment of its current usage, and highlighting the BCn implementation problems. Furthermore, this study serves as a gateway to a transparent, decentralized future that fosters inclusive national progress and aligns with sustainable development goals. This study also strives to inspire individuals to use this transformational technology for the collective benefit of society by highlighting BCn's potential to empower communities while driving positive change.
ZIF‐8 decorated FeMo nanoparticles: H2 Production from the catalytic hydrolysis of ammonia‐borane
Authors: Yılmaz Can , Yıldırım Hüseyin Ali , Top Tuba , Yurderi Mehmet , Zahmakıran Mehmet
Published: June 2024

Ammonia‐Borane (AB) is considered a promising solid hydrogen storage material due to its high hydrogen content (19.6 wt%) and its use for safe hydrogen transport. The most effective way to produce H2 from AB is to perform the hydrolysis reaction in the presence of a suitable catalyst. In this study, Fe0.2Mo0.8/ZIF‐8 nanocatalyst was synthesized in two steps: (i) synthesis by following the colloidal synthesis technique by thermal decomposition of Mo(CO)6 and Fe(acac)3 in the presence of OM and ODE at high temperatures, and (ii) the resulting colloidal Fe0.2Mo0.8 NPs were decorated into ZIF‐8. The as‐prepared Fe0.2Mo0.8/ZIF‐8 catalyst was identified using advanced characterization techniques such as ICP‐OES, P‐XRD, SEM, SEM–EDX, TEM, TEM‐EDX, XPS, and BET. The catalytic activities of the Fe0.2Mo0.8/ZIF‐8 catalyst in the hydrolysis of AB were investigated in different parameters (temperature, catalyst [Fe0.2Mo0.8] and substrate [H3NBH3] concentration, and recyclability). The results show that high crystallinity Fe0.2Mo0.8 NPs with a uniform 1.31 ± 0.13 nm distribution were formed on the ZIF‐8 surface. Fe0.2Mo0.8/ZIF‐8 catalyst provides a maximum H2 generation rate of 184.2 mLH2 (g catalyst)−1 (min)−1 at 343 K. This uniquely cost‐effective, active and durable Fe0.2Mo0.8/ZIF‐8 catalyst has strong potential for H2‐based fuel cell (PEM: Proton Exchange Membrane) applications where AB is a suitable H2 carrier.

Highlights

FeMo NPs were synthesized by a colloidal synthesis method and decorated into ZIF‐8.

FeMo/ZIF‐8 catalyst is an active catalyst in the hydrolysis of AB.

FeMo/ZIF‐8 catalyst showed an initial TOF value of 449.85 mol(H2)·molFe0.2Mo0.8−1·h−1 in the AB hydrolysis at 338 K.
Performance and hydrodynamic study of a new multi‐stage solar photoreactor with immobilized ZnO for synthetic wastewater treatment
Authors: Boutra Belgassim , Sebti Aicha , Mahidine Sarah , Trari Mohamed
Published: June 2024

This study aims to design a new multi‐stage photoreactor with immobilized ZnO and assess its performance in reducing textile wastewater toxicity using solar energy. The electric conductivity measurement is retained as a detection method to obtain the residence time distribution (RTD) function. The RTD is then used to characterize the hydrodynamic behavior of the photoreactor and to evaluate its deviation from the distribution curves of ideal reactors. Solar experiments are conducted to demonstrate the performance of this multistage reactor towards the degradation of a textile azo dye namely Solophenyl Red 3BL (SR 3BL). The influence of the flow rate and the SR 3BL initial concentration (CO) are considered. The variation of the flow rate slightly influences the SR 3BL photodegradation efficiency and it is inversely proportional to its concentration. The study of the reuse of the immobilized catalyst shows that the degradation efficiency of 98% is reached even after multiple photocatalytic cycles. The figure of merit collector area per order was in the range of 35 to 110 . This result provides useful information for scaling up and estimating energy efficiency of the reactor.
Unlocking the potential of low concentration biodiesel blended with green synthesized novel carbon black nanoparticles from Ricinus communis outer shell: An experimental study under different compression ratios and EGR concentrations
Authors: Murugan M. Ananda , Ganesan Nataraj
Published: June 2024

The outer prickly shells of the Ricinus communis (castor plant) have intrigued researchers interested in the synthesis of carbon black (CB) nanoparticles because of their excellent biocompatibility, low toxicity, and widespread availability. Both chemical and physical synthesis methods, such as pyrolysis and ball milling, are employed to obtain the fine‐sized CB nanoparticles. The ball milling process is done for 5 h to reduce the size of the biochar from the pyrolysis process. The as‐synthesized CB nanoparticles are characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction, and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis. The energy dispersive spectrum also confirmed that the nanoparticles are highly composed of carbon and oxygen. CB nanoparticles made from green materials are added to a low‐concentrated biodiesel blend of waste fried edible oil at a rate of 100 ppm. The experiment was performed in a single‐cylinder diesel engine under varying compression ratios (CRs) (16:1–18:1), loads (0–16 kg), and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates (0%, 15%, and 25%). The results revealed that the existence of carbon in nanoparticles increased the mean gas temperature, and the mass fraction burned was also slightly higher than diesel. Raising both CR (16:1–17:1 and 16:1–18:1) and EGR (25%) boosted the cylinder pressure of CBB30 (1.844% and 10.391%, respectively). In contrast, it lowered the net heat release rate (7.88% and 14.56%, respectively). Similar to this, smoke emissions decreased by 6.38% and 15.02%, respectively, at the same CR and EGR parameters. On the other hand, brake thermal efficiency slumped by 7.22% and 10.13% concurrently.
Minimal Arias intensity modification of ground motions to achieve extreme structural response
Authors: Hernandez Eric M.
Published: June 2024

This paper presents a methodology to minimally modify a ground motion time history to induce collapse in nonlinear single‐degree‐of‐freedom systems (SDOF). The metric used to characterize the modification is the Arias intensity. The proposed procedure is a heuristic extension of a closed‐form solution derived to achieve a target maximum response in linear systems. The methodology is presented as a potential alternative to incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) widely used in earthquake engineering.
Effects of Metabolic Disruption on Lipid Metabolism and Yolk Retention in Zebrafish Embryos
Authors: Boom Rik , Vergauwen Lucia , Knapen Dries
Published: June 2024

A subgroup of endocrine-disrupting chemicals have the ability to disrupt metabolism. These metabolism-disrupting chemicals (MDCs) can end up in aquatic environments and lead to adverse outcomes in fish. Although molecular and physiological effects of MDCs have been studied in adult fish, few studies have investigated the consequences of metabolic disruption in fish during the earliest life stages. To investigate the processes affected by metabolic disruption, zebrafish embryos were exposed to peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist rosiglitazone, the PPARγ antagonist T0070907, and the well-known environmentally relevant MDC bisphenol A. Decreased apolipoprotein Ea transcript levels indicated disrupted lipid transport, which was likely related to the observed dose-dependent increases in yolk size across all compounds. Increased yolk size and decreased swimming activity indicate decreased energy usage, which could lead to adverse outcomes because the availability of energy reserves is essential for embryo survival and growth. Exposure to T0070907 resulted in a darkened yolk. This was likely related to reduced transcript levels of genes involved in lipid transport and fatty acid oxidation, a combination of responses that was specific to exposure to this compound, possibly leading to lipid accumulation and cell death in the yolk. Paraoxonase 1 (Pon1) transcript levels were increased by rosiglitazone and T0070907, but this was not reflected in PON1 enzyme activities. The present study shows how exposure to MDCs can influence biochemical and molecular processes involved in early lipid metabolism and may lead to adverse outcomes in the earliest life stages of fish. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1880–1893. © 2024 The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Piezoelectric stimulation enhances bone regeneration in alveolar bone defects through metabolic reprogramming of macrophages
Authors: Sui Baiyan , Ding Tingting , Wan Xingyi , Chen Yuxiao , Zhang Xiaodi , Cui Yuanbo , Pan Jie , Li Linlin , Liu Xin
Published: June 2024

Immunomodulation has emerged as a promising strategy for promoting bone regeneration. However, designing osteoimmunomodulatory biomaterial that can respond to mechanical stress in the unique microenvironment of alveolar bone under continuous occlusal stress remains a significant challenge. Herein, a wireless piezoelectric stimulation system, namely, piezoelectric hydrogel incorporating BaTiO3 nanoparticles (BTO NPs), is successfully developed to generate piezoelectric potentials for modulating macrophage reprogramming. The piezoelectric stimulation reprograms macrophages towards the M2 phenotype, which subsequently induces osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). RNA sequencing analysis reveals that piezoelectricity‐modulated macrophage M2 polarization is closely associated with metabolic reprogramming, including increased amino acid biosynthesis and fatty acid oxidation. The composite hydrogel with excellent biocompatibility exhibits immunomodulatory and osteoinductive activities. In a rat model of alveolar bone defects, the piezoelectric hydrogel effectively promotes endogenous bone regeneration at the load‐bearing sites. The piezoelectric‐driven osteoimmunomodulation proposed in this study not only broadens understanding of the mechanism underlying piezoelectric biomaterials for tissue regeneration but also provides new insights into the design and development of next‐generation immunomodulatory biomaterials.
The laminar position, morphology, and gene expression profiles of cortical astrocytes are influenced by time of birth from ventricular/subventricular progenitors
Authors: Lozano Casasbuenas Daniela , Kortebi Ines , Gora Charles , Scott Erica Y. , Gomes Celeste , Oliveira Markley Silva , Sharma Tanvi , Daniele Emerson , Olfat Arman , Gibbs Rachel , Yuzwa Scott A. , Gilbert Emily A. , Küry Patrick , Wheeler Aaron R. , Lévesque Martin , Faiz Maryam
Published: June 2024

Astrocytes that reside in superficial (SL) and deep cortical layers have distinct molecular profiles and morphologies, which may underlie specific functions. Here, we demonstrate that the production of SL and deep layer (DL) astrocyte populations from neural progenitor cells in the mouse is temporally regulated. Lineage tracking following in utero and postnatal electroporation with PiggyBac (PB) EGFP and birth dating with EdU and FlashTag, showed that apical progenitors produce astrocytes during late embryogenesis (E16.5) that are biased to the SL, while postnatally labeled (P0) astrocytes are biased to the DL. In contrast, astrocytes born during the predominantly neurogenic window (E14.5) showed a random distribution in the SL and DL. Of interest, E13.5 astrocytes birth dated at E13.5 with EdU showed a lower layer bias, while FT labeling of apical progenitors showed no bias. Finally, examination of the morphologies of “biased” E16.5‐ and P0‐labeled astrocytes demonstrated that E16.5‐labeled astrocytes exhibit different morphologies in different layers, while P0‐labeled astrocytes do not. Differences based on time of birth are also observed in the molecular profiles of E16.5 versus P0‐labeled astrocytes. Altogether, these results suggest that the morphological, molecular, and positional diversity of cortical astrocytes is related to their time of birth from ventricular/subventricular zone progenitors.
A case of malignant pheochromocytoma with neurofibromatosis type 1 having difficulty in differentiating spinal tumor
Authors: Segawa Kohei , Yamamoto Yoshiyuki , Kato Taigo , Hatano Koji , Kakuta Yoichi , Kawashima Atsunari , Fukuhara Shinichiro , Nonomura Norio
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Neurofibromatosis type 1 is a hereditary condition often associated with pheochromocytomas but rarely with malignant pheochromocytomas. Neurofibromatosis type 1 is often associated with bone lesions, which complicates the distinction between malignant and benign tumors.

Case presentation

A 46‐year‐old man with a medical history of neurofibromatosis type 1 presented with right abdominal pain. Computed tomography revealed a right adrenal tumor, and metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy showed accumulation in the right adrenal gland and thoracic vertebrae. He was diagnosed with pheochromocytoma, and a right adrenalectomy was performed. After surgery, a bone biopsy was conducted on the spinal lesion, confirming metastasis of pheochromocytoma, prompting irradiation. After that, lung and liver metastases emerged, and chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and dacarbazine was initiated; however, the disease progressed, and he died 11 months after surgery.

Conclusion

We report a case of malignant pheochromocytoma associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 in which bone metastasis was difficult to diagnose.
Characterization of ERα Signaling to Cell Proliferation Induced by Chronic and Pulsatile E2 Stimulation in 2D and 3D Cell Cultures
Authors: Fiocchetti Marco , Raimondi Serena , Bastari Giovanna , Bartoloni Stefania , Marino Maria , Acconcia Filippo
Published: June 2024

17β‐estradiol is a hormone that plays a vital role in human physiology. It acts through estrogen receptors, specifically estrogen receptor α and estrogen receptor β, and its action is determined by the pulsatile secretion in the bloodstream. 17β‐estradiol affects cell proliferation, and dysregulation of 17β‐estradiol:estrogen receptor α signaling contribute to the development of breast cancer. Previous research on 17β‐estradiol:estrogen receptor α signaling has primarily used two‐dimensional cell cultures, which do not fully recapitulate the complexity of tumors that exist in a three‐dimensional environment and do not consider the pulsatile nature of this hormone. To address these limitations, we studied 17β‐estradiol:estrogen receptor α signaling in cell proliferation using both two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional breast cancer cell culture models under continuous and pulsatile stimulation conditions. Results revealed that breast cancer cells grown in an alginate‐based three‐dimensional matrix exhibited similar responsiveness to 17β‐estradiol compared with cells grown in conventional two‐dimensional culture plates. 17β‐estradiol induced the expression of proteins containing estrogen response element in the three‐dimensional model. The efficacy of the antiestrogen drugs fulvestrant (ICI182,280) and 4OH‐tamoxifen was also demonstrated in the three‐dimensional model. These results support the use of the three‐dimensional culture model for studying tumor response to drugs and provide a more realistic microenvironment for such studies. Furthermore, the study revealed that a brief 5‐min exposure to 17β‐estradiol triggered a physiological response comparable with continuous hormone exposure, suggesting that the cellular response to 17β‐estradiol is more important than the continuous presence of the hormone. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that the alginate‐based three‐dimensional culture model is suitable for studying the effects of 17β‐estradiol and antiestrogen drugs on breast cancer cells, offering a more realistic representation of tumor‐microenvironment interactions. The results also highlight the importance of considering the physiological importance of the temporal dynamics in studying 17β‐estradiol signaling and cellular responses.
Limitations of the knee society score in kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Leica Alexandra , Sava Manuel‐Paul , Khan Zainab‐Aqeel , Hügli Rolf W. , Hirschmann Michael T.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The Knee Society Scoring System (KSS) is a frequently used outcome score which quantifies functional patients' outcomes before and after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Several problems arise when trying to implement KSS for obtaining postoperative outcomes after more personalised aligned TKAs. Scoring for valgus femorotibial angle (FTA) intervals outside moderate ranges is often poorly explained, the specific version of KSS used for outcome collection is frequently unclear and the exact measuring methods are typically not described in the literature. The aims of this systematic review were to investigate the latest user practice, the application of KSS and its limitations after kinematically aligned (KA) TKA.

Methods

A systematic literature search following PRISMA guidelines was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Medline and Scopus to identify potentially relevant articles for this review, published from the beginning of January 2013 until the end of January 2023. Broad Mesh terms such as ‘kinematic alignment’, ‘total knee arthroplasty’ and ‘knee society score’ were used for building search strategy in each database accordingly. Articles reporting postoperative values of the objective surgeon‐assessed KSS after KA TKA or KA and mechanically aligned TKA were included. For assessing included randomised control trials (RCTs), an Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's design‐specific scale for assessing RCTs was used. The non‐RCTs were assessed by using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool. The Ottawa–Newcastle Score system was also used. Studies were additionally evaluated for their radiological methodology by using a five‐question checklist (Radiological Assessment Qualit criteria).

Results

The initial search identified 167 studies, of which 129 were considered for screening. Ten studies reporting outcomes after KA TKA did not use the objective surgeon‐assessed part of KSS for clinical outcome measurement, and 30 studies reporting outcomes after KA TKA did not use KSS at all for clinical and/or functional outcomes. From the 10 included studies, only six have used the latest KSS score (2011), the rest using its 1989 variant; and out of these six studies, only two presented values of the FTA, which is needed for calculating the KSS's ‘alignment’ subcomponent, the rest presenting hip–knee–ankle angle (HKA) values. Additionally, when converting these HKA values to FTA intervals, the authors of this systematic review found that KA TKA FTA intervals display limits, which tend to be outside the ‘well‐scored’ KSS anatomical alignment interval.

Conclusion

The inconsistent and nonstandardised use of the surgeon‐assessed KSS across studies reviewed compromises assessment reliability and patient outcome scores. To enhance precision and comparability, it is crucial to standardise the KSS application, incorporating personalised alignment strategies for more accurate patient evaluations.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Evaluation of monkeypox‐ and vaccinia‐virus neutralizing antibodies before and after smallpox vaccination: A sero‐epidemiological study
Authors: Marchi Serena , Piccini Giulia , Cantaloni Paolo , Guerrini Noemi , Zannella Roberta , Coluccio Rosa , Benincasa Linda , Solfanelli Niccolò , Remarque Edmond J. , Viviani Simonetta , Kistner Otfried , Temperton Nigel , Montomoli Emanuele , Manenti Alessandro , Trombetta Claudia Maria
Published: June 2024

Since May 2022, several countries outside of Africa experienced multiple clusters of monkeypox virus (MPXV)‐associated disease. In the present study, anti‐MPXV and anti‐vaccinia virus (VACV) neutralizing antibody responses were evaluated in two cohorts of subjects from the general Italian population (one half born before the WHO‐recommended end of smallpox vaccination in 1980, the other half born after). Higher titers (either against MPXV or VACV) were observed in the cohort of individuals born before the interruption of VACV vaccination. An association between VACV and MPXV antibody levels was observed, suggesting that the smallpox vaccination may confer some degree of cross‐protection against MPXV infection. Results from this study highlight low levels of immunity toward the assessed Orthopoxviruses, especially in young adults, advocating the introduction of a VACV‐ or MPXV‐specific vaccine in case of resurgence of monkeypox disease outbreaks.
Integrating the science of epigenetics with existential–humanistic counseling to increase wellness with Black males
Authors: Burt Isaac , Tosado Luis A.
Published: June 2024

The recent emphasis on racial unrest and systemic inequality perpetuated by COVID‐19 has made the counseling profession seek more appropriate methods for clients, especially with Black males. Epigenetics, a science examining how behaviors and environment intersect to impact gene expression, could serve as this tool. This article advocates for providing therapy through an epigenetics framework, integrated with existential–humanism to give counselors the tools necessary to work with contemporary Black male clients.
Association between celiac disease and pneumococcal infections in hospitalized pediatric patients in the United States
Authors: Jang Janet , Krishnamurthy Jayasree , Nylund Cade M.
Published: June 2024

Objective

Celiac disease (CD) is an immune‐mediated enteropathy that is associated with pneumococcal infections in adults. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between CD and pneumococcal infections in hospitalized pediatric patients in the United States (US).

Study Design

The triennial Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids' Inpatient Database was used in a retrospective analysis of children hospitalized in the US from 1997 to 2019. Billing codes were used to define patients with CD who were admitted with Streptococcus pneumoniae speciated infections or an infection commonly caused by S. pneumoniae. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to quantify increased odds of various types of infections for patients with CD.

Results

Among 55,080,914 pediatric hospital admissions, 15,412 were identified with CD, and 1,722,872 were admitted with the specified infections. CD was associated with both pneumococcus speciated infections (odd ratio [OR], 2.16, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38–3.38) and infections commonly caused by S. pneumoniae (OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.61−1.96): pneumonia (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.53−1.89), sinusitis (OR, 2.41, 95% CI, 1.76−3.30), and bacteremia (OR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.56−2.88). Patients with CD had a significantly longer length of stay (p < 0.001) and a greater cost of hospitalization (p < 0.001) with pneumococcus associated infections.

Conclusions

CD is associated with an increased risk of both pneumococcus speciated and pneumococcus‐associated infections requiring hospitalization. CD admissions are associated with longer hospital stays and higher costs without increased risk of death. Routine pneumococcal vaccinations are strongly recommended for pediatric patients with CD.
Lateral extra‐articular tenodesis does not enhance ACL graft healing, however, does reduce graft tunnel widening
Authors: Jacob George , Lim Yoong Ping , Brito Cristian Ayet , Parker David A.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The study hypothesized that the addition of lateral extra‐articular tenodesis (LEAT) in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) had a significant effect on ACL graft healing.

Methods

A total of 80 patients were divided into two cohorts matched for gender, age, body mass index, time from surgery to post‐operative MRI and graft diameter. Forty patients underwent ACL reconstruction alone, while 40 underwent ACLR in addition to LEAT. Patients underwent a magnetic resonance imaging scan at 12 months post‐surgery; tunnel apertures were measured using multiplanar reformation, graft healing was assessed using signal‐to‐noise quotient (SNQ) in three regions of interest and finally graft maturity and integration were classified using the Howell and Ge scale, respectively. In addition, clinical evaluation and patient‐reported outcome measures were collected.

Results

The mean femoral tunnel widening at 12 months post‐surgery was 39.8 ± 14.0% in the ACLR + LEAT group and 55.2 ± 12.7% in the ACLR alone group (p < 0.05). The mean tibial tunnel widening was 29.3 ± 12.7% in the ACLR + LEAT group and 44.4 ± 12.1% in the ACLR group (p < 0.05). The mean adjusted graft SNQ was 9.0 ± 14.9 in the ACLR + LEAT group and 9.5 ± 11.4 in the ACLR group (n.s.).

Conclusion

At 1 year post‐operatively, we noted significantly less femoral and tibial tunnel widening in the ACLR + LEAT group. LEAT did not result in a statistically significant effect on graft healing.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Thermal Enhanced Energy Transfer and High Thermal Sensitivity of Sb3+ Doped Cs2KYbCl6 Rare Earth Double Perovskites
Authors: Wang Yanchao , Hou Haowen , Bai Yunlong , Zou Bingsuo , Zeng Ruosheng
Published: June 2024

Rare‐earth based double perovskites (DPs) have attracted much attention due to stable, efficient, and unique luminescence, and wide applications in many optoelectronic fields. However, their weak near‐infrared (NIR) emission and poor anti‐thermal quenching severely limit the further applications. Herein, Sb3+‐doped Cs2KYbCl6 DP with cyan self‐trapped exciton (STE) and NIR emission is prepared by a solvothermal method, and the separate photoluminescence quantum yields from STE and NIR emission reached ≈26.1% and 43.8%, respectively. More importantly, Sb3+ not only contributes to the absorption and energy transfer but also helps to establish an effective thermally enhanced energy transfer channel through self‐trapping state, resulting in the NIR emission with superior anti‐thermal quenching resistance. The thermal sensitivity of luminescence intensity ratio (LIR) of I1010 nm/I505 nm (I is the intensity of PL) and time‐resolved temperature sensor reach 21.4 and 13.6% K−1, respectively, which are ahead of most temperature sensing materials. Furthermore, it is found that the material exhibited advanced multifunctional applications in LED lighting, flexible luminescent thin film, and NIR imaging. This work provides in‐depth understanding on photophysical mechanisms of rare‐earth luminescent materials and references for designing high‐performance materials.
HDAC inhibitor regulates the tumor immune microenvironment via pyroptosis in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Yang Xue , Cui Xiaoqing , Wang Ge , Zhou Mengying , Wu Yonglin , Du Yaying , Li Xingrui , Xu Tao
Published: June 2024

Pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of cell death, promotes the release of immunogenic substances and stimulates immune cell recruitment, a process, which could turn cold tumors into hot ones. Thus, instigating pyroptosis in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) serves as a viable method for restoring antitumor immunity. We analyzed the effects of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors (HDACi) on TNBC cells using the Cell Counting Kit‐8 and colony formation assay. Apoptosis and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays were utilized to determine the form of cell death. The pyroptotic executor was validated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Transcriptome was analyzed to investigate pyroptosis‐inducing mechanisms. A subcutaneously transplanted tumor model was generated in BALB/c mice to evaluate infiltration of immune cells. HDACi significantly diminished cell proliferation, and pyroptotic “balloon”‐like cells became apparent. HDACi led to an intra and extracellular material exchange, signified by the release of LDH and the uptake of propidium iodide. Among the gasdermin family, TNBC cells expressed maximum quantities of GSDME, and expression of GSDMA, GSDMB, and GSDME were augmented post HDACi treatment. Pyroptosis was instigated via the activation of the caspase 3‐GSDME pathway with the potential mechanisms being cell cycle arrest and altered intracellular REDOX balance due to aberrant glutathione metabolism. In vivo experiments demonstrated that HDACi can activate pyroptosis, limit tumor growth, and escalate CD8+ lymphocyte and CD11b+ cell infiltration along with an increased presence of granzyme B in tumors. HDACi can instigate pyroptosis in TNBC, promoting infiltration of immune cells and consequently intensifying the efficacy of anticancer immunity.
Nonequilibrium–diffusion limit of the compressible Euler radiation model in ℝ3
Authors: Li Lei , Zhang Zhengce
Published: June 2024

This article studies the nonequilibrium–diffusion limit of the compressible Euler model arising in radiation hydrodynamics in
with the general initial data. Combining the moment method with Hilbert expansion, we show that the radiative intensity can be approximated by the sum of interior solution and initial layer. We also show that the solution satisfied by the density, temperature, and velocity can be approximated by the interior solutions. Our results can be considered as an extension from
in arXiv.2312.15208 by Ju, Li, and Zhang to
. In contrast to arXiv.2312.15208, we get the exact convergence rates by studying the error system derived from the primitive system, the zeroth‐order to the second‐order about the radiative intensity, and the zeroth‐order about the hydrodynamics.
A multilayer frequency‐selective rasorber for wideband transmission based on harmonic suppression
Authors: Chen Yuxu , Wan GuoBin , Ma Xin , Fu Bin , Jiao Xinhui
Published: June 2024

To break through the limitation of harmonic loss on transmission bandwidth, a multilayer frequency‐selective rasorber (FSR) for wideband transmission is present in this letter. First, the principle of harmonic suppression implemented by a lossy layer is described and analyzed in detail. Second, based on this lossy layer, an absorption–transmission (A–T) rasorber with harmonic suppression, which can generate a wide passband above the lower absorption band, is achieved. And then, by combining with a transmission–absorption (T–A) rasorber, an absorption–transmission–absorption (A–T–A) FSR with a wide and low insertion loss (IL) passband can be obtained. The simulation result shows that the −1‐dB passband ranges from 7.1 to 17.49 GHz with 84.5% relative bandwidth. Finally, a prototype is fabricated and measured to validate the design.