bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Políticas educativas, ocio inclusivo y equidad social ante los nuevos futuros de la educación
Authors: Luzón Trujillo Antonio , Caride Gómez José Antonio , Sevilla Merino Diego
Published: July 2023

Situando sus principales argumentos en los valores que invocan, con perspectiva histórica, la equidad y la inclusión social, el texto que presentamos pone énfasis en el importante protagonismo que tienen las políticas educativas en los logros asociados a un mejor futuro para las personas y la sociedad. Siendo así, no se obvia la relevancia que han adquirido sus discursos y prácticas –en convergencia con las que nombran la cooperación y la solidaridad, la paz, la libertad o la justicia social– en las declaraciones internacionales, comprometiendo sus iniciativas con un doble reto: de un lado, garantizar el derecho a una educación de calidad a lo largo de toda la vida, ampliando y diversificando las oportunidades educativas, los modos de educar y educarse en sociedad; de otro, aprovechar el potencial transformador de la educación como un bien público mundial, en el tránsito hacia un porvenir que sea más habitable y sostenible, ecológica y socialmente.Imaginarlo y construirlo requiere un nuevo contrato social para la educación, en la que el ocio –como un derecho de tercera generación, con el que se da respuesta a necesidades básicas relacionadas con el descanso, la recreación, el desarrollo personal, el bienestar o la calidad de vida– precisa conciliar la libertad con la igualdad, la inclusión con cambios y procesos de transformación tecnológica, social, cultural, etc. para que nadie se quede atrás.
Conciliación familiar de los tiempos cotidianos con hijos e hijas en educación primaria: impactos del confinamiento
Authors: Caballo Villar María Belén , Gradaílle Pernas Rita , Martínez García Rubén
Published: July 2023

El confinamiento obligado a causa de la COVID-19 impactó con fuerza en la organización de los tiempos de la ciudadanía, cambió las rutinas diarias y planteó importantes desafíos para las familias. Así, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la realidad de la conciliación de las familias con hijos e hijas escolarizadas en Educación Primaria en España, poniendo el foco en sus principales dificultades y en el estudio del tiempo de ocio familiar durante este período. Para ello, se recurrió a una metodología cuantitativa de tipo descriptivo, haciendo uso de un cuestionario elaborado ad hoc aplicado de forma telemática en el territorio nacional. Se obtuvieron un total de 1.309 casos válidos. Los principales resultados revelan que casi la mitad de los participantes sintieron que la conciliación de sus tiempos empeoró durante el confinamiento, siendo las mujeres las que mayoritariamente vieron reducido su tiempo personal para atender a las distintas responsabilidades laborales y familiares. El acompañamiento en la realización de las tareas escolares fue el factor que más limitó la gestión de los tiempos familiares y en el que las mujeres se implicaron mucho más que los padres, provocando una profunda insatisfacción en ellas como consecuencia de la falta de tiempo. Por su parte, el confinamiento también influyó en el ocio familiar. Durante este período las familias incrementaron el tiempo dedicado a compartir actividades lúdicas, especialmente los fines de semana. Además, otorgaron una gran importancia a esos tiempos compartidos, afirmando haberlos disfrutado, lo que ha repercutido en su crecimiento personal. En conclusión, el confinamiento impactó de forma negativa en la conciliación de los tiempos cotidianos de las familias, principalmente en el de las madres y evidenció la importancia de recuperar tiempos para un ocio compartido en familia.
Derecho al ocio de la infancia y ocio familiar en el confinamiento: aprendizajes y desafíos
Authors: Varela-Garrote Lara , Fraguela-Vale Raúl , Varela Crespo Laura , Carretero-García Miriam
Published: July 2023

El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la relación entre el ocio y la conciliación de las familias durante el confinamiento, analizando la función desempeñada por las instituciones educativas y los cambios experimentados en el ocio infantil durante la pandemia. Este estudio presenta un carácter exploratorio en el que se utiliza un diseño cualitativo a través de la entrevista en profundidad semiestructurada y se realiza un análisis basado en procesos tanto inductivos como deductivos, mediante el programa para el análisis cualitativo ATLAS.ti. Para la realización del estudio se seleccionó a un grupo de 11 personas expertas (72,7% mujeres) vinculadas al análisis y/o puesta en marcha de servicios de apoyo a las familias y actividades de ocio de la infancia. Los resultados indican que el ocio familiar durante el confinamiento supuso un aumento del tiempo compartido, de la realización de actividades en común y una mejora del conocimiento mutuo, pero también un incremento del uso de pantallas y una mayor conflictividad en la convivencia en las familias con adolescentes. Respecto al ocio de la infancia tras el confinamiento, se detecta una mayor valoración de las actividades al aire libre y en el medio natural y un ocio festivo en grupo más reducidos, pero también un incremento del coste de las actividades y una gran demanda de las familias en cuestiones de apoyo psicológico-emocional a la infancia. La valoración del papel de las instituciones durante la pandemia es negativa, identificándose un sentimiento de abandono de las familias y de las empresas en materia de ocio. Se concluye que durante este periodo tuvieron lugar cambios y aprendizajes en las dinámicas familiares respecto al ocio, lo que nos permite conocer las prioridades y necesidades de las familias abriendo una posible línea de investigación para estudiar si estas modificaciones han venido para quedarse.
Dinamización de una performance teatral con estudiantes de educación secundaria para prevenir la violencia micromachista
Authors: Pradena-García Yasna , Anguita-Martínez Rocío , Fernández-Rodríguez Eduardo
Published: July 2023

Partiendo de una metodología cualitativa basada en un estudio de casos, este trabajo surge a partir de los datos obtenidos de la dinamización que ha realizado un grupo de 45 estudiantes de Formación Profesional (FP) con un público de estudiantes de educación secundaria (ESO) tras las presentaciones de una performance teatral. Estas dinamizaciones tenían como objetivo facilitar el distanciamiento cognitivo y la recuperación de los conoci­mientos tácitos que traía consigo dicho público sobre las construcciones sociales de género y, específicamente, las situaciones de violencia. En este contexto, se han descrito y analizado algunas muestras de las aportaciones realizadas por distintos grupos de estudiantes de la ESO para presentar alternativas de mejora en el contenido de la performance teatral. Los resultados permiten concluir que: a) las particulares características de la performance teatral y la dinamización permiten que la juventud se vea representada e interpelada respecto de la violencia micromachista; b) las posibilidades que ofrece el propio espacio teatral como laboratorio de creación ciudadana amplía las competencias espectatoriales y/o comunicati­vas de las y los adolescentes desde una perspectiva crítica de género; y c) las competencias profesionales del alumnado de FP aumentan en la experiencia de dinamización, a modo de prácticas, al transferir conocimientos vinculados con la igualdad y la educación con perspec­tiva de género que desarrollará, posteriormente, en su vida laboral.
Elementos para pensar (lo impensable) del horror. La tortura eléctrica como paradoja de la violencia en la dictadura chilena
Authors: Fuenzalida Bahamondes Nicole
Published: July 2023

Este artículo pretende aportar elementos para reflexionar sobre el concepto de tortura institucional o aquella que deriva de prácticas de violencia política. Particularmente, se problematiza la relación entre tortura y electricidad como componente sustancial de la sofisticación de los saberes dictatoriales y de parte importante de los sistemas penales del mundo hasta la actualidad. De este modo, se abordan las expresiones paradójicas de la tortura eléctrica, tomando como caso paradigmático la experiencia dictatorial chilena y especialmente, la represión desarrollada por la organización terrorista de la Dirección Nacional de Inteligencia (DINA), entre 1974 y 1977. Utilizando datos de diversos campos disciplinares, el testimonio de sobrevivientes y aspectos contextuales generales, se pretende ensayar la hipótesis de que la tortura eléctrica se presenta como paradoja de la violencia, en sentidos específicos: técnica humanizada y barbarie; inocuidad y permanencia; encarnación y liberación; ontologías cotidianas y ontologías límite. La figura de la paradoja se instala así, como recurso reflexivo que permite acercarnos a pensar (lo impensable) del horror que conformó esta clase de experiencia.
Insumisas, nómades y deseantes: madres excéntricas en los cines clásicos argentino y español
Authors: Aimaretti María
Published: July 2023

Siendo parte de una investigación más amplia centrada en la puesta en diálogo de representaciones de la maternidad en los cines clásico-industriales de Argentina y de España, este artículo problematiza la figura de la “madre excéntrica”, advirtiendo cómo su presencia es especialmente relevante tanto en términos dramáticos como de puesta en escena, y afecta al sistema de personajes que se organiza y desorganiza a su alrededor. Frente a la desexualización y la deserotización dominantes, Pequeñeces (Juan de Orduña, 1950, España) y Armiño negro (Carlos Hugo Christensen, 1953, Argentina) presentan figuraciones femenino-maternales anómalas que tensan dispositivos de compostura y subordinación, rasgando el interdicto categórico al ser mujeres con deseo, sexual y de poder, además —y más allá– de ser madres.Articulando la historia cultural, los estudios de género y de cine; y con un enfoque comparado, la primera parte del texto traza un panorama de las condiciones materiales y socio-culturales que hicieron posible ambas cintas, reponiendo los contextos cinematográfico e histórico-político en los que se inscribieron y circularon; mientras que la segunda sección, se aboca al análisis espectacular y dramático de los relatos, tomando en cuenta especialmente las interacciones entre espacio, luz y corporalidades.
Testimonios de deportadas y trabajadoras forzadas para la Alemania nazi. Resistencias, deber de memoria y denuncia
Authors: Negrete Peña Rocio
Published: July 2023

Los trabajos forzados en los campos de concentración y de exterminio nazis es una de las líneas de trabajo menos investigada en los estudios sobre la deportación en España. Esta afirmación cobra aún más sentido en el caso de las mujeres. Sin embargo, como los testimonios de algunas de sus protagonistas nos indican, ellas también fueron utilizadas como fuerza de trabajo forzada por la maquinaria nazi. En ellos, encontramos denuncias al régimen de explotación laboral de los hombres y mujeres deportados, del papel jugado por la industria alemana. De igual modo, se hacen eco de las implicaciones que tenían estos trabajos en su proceso de deshumanización, el cual combatieron con diversas estrategias de resistencia. Precisamente, su compromiso antifascista las llevó incluso a desarrollar acciones de oposición como el sabotaje. En este artículo analizaremos estas voces, inscritas en la historia del testimonio a nivel nacional, pero también en relación con mujeres de otras nacionalidades dentro de una historia transnacional.
Las autobiografías de Mariano Rajoy y Pedro Sánchez: márquetin político y ethos empresarial
Authors: Girona Fibla Nuria
Published: July 2023

El género autobiográfico resulta particularmente idóneo para interpretar ciertas tendencias relevantes en la reconfiguración de la subjetividad contemporánea, ya que escenifica cómo un sujeto se convierte en objeto para sí mismo, es decir, compone un régimen de subjetivación. Este artículo se centra en las autobiografías de Mariano Rajoy (En confianza. Mi vida y mi proyecto de cambio para España, 2011; Una España mejor, 2019) y Pedro Sánchez (Manual de resistencia (2019) con un doble objetivo: por un lado, determinar hasta dónde el márquetin político condiciona su relato de vida y lo eleva ejemplarmente. Por otro, cómo este modelo responde a una norma subjetivizante presidida por el rendimiento y la competitividad, cercana a la figura del “empresario de sí mismo” que promueve la gubernamentabilidad neoliberal.
Illustraciencia, un ecosistema para la ilustración científica
Authors: Ortega Alonso Diego
Published: July 2023

La ilustración científica es una disciplina al servicio de la comunicación científica que está fundamentada en la representación gráfica de conceptos propios de las diversas áreas de las ciencias. La información visual sintetizada, objetiva y precisa que ofrece la ilustración científica, no obstante, contiene aspectos inherentes a los lenguajes de las artes visuales, como son la composición, la técnica o la estética. En el presente artículo, se realiza una revisión sobre la situación profesional del ámbito de la ilustración científica, para profundizar posteriormente en el proyecto Illustraciencia, de la Asociación Catalana de Comunicación Científica (ACCC) y el Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCC-CSIC). Este proyecto, que nace como un certamen de ilustración científica, se ha convertido en un referente de esta disciplina a escala internacional gracias a la promoción y difusión de trabajos a través de plataformas digitales, y ha evolucionado con el paso de los años para ofertar actividades de carácter formativo, realizar congresos y exposiciones itinerantes e incluso publicar libros tanto en soporte digital como impreso, con la ilustración científica siempre como protagonista. El análisis de las ilustraciones seleccionadas como finalistas en los nueve certámenes desarrollados entre 2009 y 2022 permite extraer una serie de conclusiones sobre la evolución de la ilustración científica internacionalmente en los últimos años y las temáticas abordadas, que muestran la heterogeneidad de esta disciplina y la constante evolución de sus profesionales para adaptarse a las necesidades de la ciencia y de la transferencia del conocimiento.
Emerging themes in the Identifying Successful STARTS Methodologies project and exhibition
Authors: Doyle Denise , Glover Richard , Khechara Martin , Groes Sebastian
Published: July 2023

In 2019 a team of multi-disciplinary researchers undertook a research project entitled Identifying Successful STARTS Methodologies (ISSM) (2019-2021) in order to analyze the innovative and collaborative strategies utilized by the global Science, Technology and Arts (STARTS) Prize Winners and nominees. The aim was to identify and articulate successful STARTS Methodologies through a series of interviews and in-depth case studies of the recognized projects. The project culminated in a series of case studies and an exhibition at the Made in Wolves Gallery at the University of Wolverhampton, UK, and further presented at the UK Garden of Earthly Delights at Ars Electronica in 2020. The project identified three emerging themes: the significance of building a new language of art and science through a third space, the process of anti-disciplinarity as an emergent form of practice, and the importance of different ways of knowing through art and science. A number of the case studies and themes are presented here alongside images from the exhibition.
From electrography to expanded graphics: a vision on digital printmaking today and its hybridization processes
Authors: Mínguez García Hortensia , Méndez Llopis Carles
Published: July 2023

This article outlines how, with the introduction of electrographic processes, engravers have broadened their way of thinking and producing their art in relation to the concept of expanded graphic. After delimiting the term electrography and describing its historical development, the text exposes how hybrid practices have expanded the margins of graphics in a post-digital world. They have opened the way to different lines of action that have been popularizing some terms – mainly, in Spanish –, such as intangible matrix, digital print or digital printing. In this way, we will be able to observe the expansion of these languages, their theorization and their implementation through several artworks that will show the discursive possibilities of graphics, from this extended hybridization to other fields, helping to describe different ways of understanding the creative processes of contemporary electrographic art.
Diversity of bioprotective microbial organisms in Upper Region of Assam and its efficacy against Meloidogyne graminicola
Authors: Jena Rupak , Choudhury Bhupendranath , Das Debanand , Bhagawati Bhabesh , Borah Pradip Kumar , Prabhukartikeyan Seenichamy Rathinam , Singh Swoyam , Mahapatra Manaswini , Lal Milan Kumar , Tiwari Rahul Kumar , Kumar Ravinder
Published: July 2023

Meloidogyne graminicola has a well-established negative impact on rice yield in transplanted and direct-seeded rice, resulting in yield losses of up to 20 to 90 percent. Studies were undertaken to isolate potential native strains of bio-control agents to manage the devastating Rice Root Knot Nematode (M. graminicola). Eighteen bacterial strains and eleven fungal strains were isolated from the rhizosphere of crops like rice, okra, ash gourd, chili, beans and cucumber, enveloping diverse soil types from the Upper Brahmaputra Valley region of Assam. Six bacterial strains were gram-positive according to morphological results, while twelve others stained negatively. Fifteen bacteria were rod-shaped, two were coccus and one was diplococcus, and all the bacterial isolates showed signs of movement. All the bacterial strains exhibited positivity for gelatin hydrolysis and catalase test. Seven bacteria showed positive, while eleven showed negative reactions to possess the ability to deduce carbon and energy from citrate. The study of the in vitro efficacy of the twenty-nine bacterial and fungal isolates tested against second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne graminicola revealed that all the bacterial and fungal isolates potentially inhibited the test organism and caused significant mortality over sterile water treatment. The promising bacterial and fungal isolates that exhibited mortality above 50% were identified as BSH8, BTS4, BTS5, BJA15, FJB 11 and FSH5. The strain BSH8 exhibited the best result of mortality, with 80.79% mortality against J2 of M. graminicola. The strain BTS4 and BTS5 expressed mortality of 71.29% and 68.75% under in-vitro conditions and were significant. The effective and promising bioagents were identified using the 16 S rRNA sequencing as Bacillis subtilis (BSH8), Bacillus velezensis (BTS4), Alcaligenes faecalis (BTS5), Rhizobium pusense (BJA15), Talaromyces allahabadensis (FSH5) and Trichoderma asperellum (FJB11). These results indicated the microorganism’s potential against M. graminicola and its potential for successful biological implementation. Further, the native strains could be tested against various nematode pests of rice in field conditions. Its compatibility with various pesticides and the implication of the potential strains in integrated pest management can be assessed.
QUALIDADE DA INFORMAÇÃO NOS PORTAIS DE TRANSPARÊNCIA DAS SECRETARIAS QUE INTEGRAM O GOVERNO DO ESTADO DO AMAZONAS
Authors: Da Rocha Dalyenne Souza Alencar , Da Cunha Edileuza Lobato , Medeiros Rafael Lima , Maduro Márcia Ribeiro , De Lima Orlem Pinheiro , Nunes Keyla Cirqueira Cardoso , Teixeira Elton Pereira
Published: July 2023

O objetivo desse trabalho é avaliar a qualidade da informação nos portais de transparência das secretarias que integram o Governo do Estado do Amazonas. O estudo apresenta a análise de 16 (dezesseis) sítios eletrônicos de portais da transparência do governo estadual sob 16 (dezesseis) critérios divididos e pontuados como exigências essenciais, obrigatórias e recomendadas presentes na resolução nº 09/2018 da Associação dos Membros dos Tribunais de Contas do Brasil. O resultado da média geral da qualidade da informação nos sites analisados alcançou a nota 61,52%, considerada como nível “Mediano”. Conclui-se que os portais apresentam algumas deficiências e limitações, que devem ser aperfeiçoados e modelados regularmente a fim de aprimorar a qualidade da informação.
What It Means to Put Your Thinking Hat on: Six Thinking Hats to Enhance Creativity
Authors: Sohi Kamalpreet Kaur , Singh Neha
Published: July 2023

Aims: To assess the effect of ‘Six Thinking Hats’ training on creativity among adolescents.

Study Design: Pre-post experimental control group design was used.

Methodology: 200 participants were included (50 control group; 150 experimental group; age range 16-18 years) from different schools of Patiala and Sangrur using incidental sampling. The participants of the experimental group were given intervention over 4 weeks.

Results: The results revealed that participants in the experimental group exhibited higher levels of creativity (M = 30.62) compared to the control group (M = 25.24). The intervention had a significant effect on creativity, as indicated by the statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups [F (1, 198) = 42.11, P< .001].

Conclusion: The ‘Six Thinking Hats’ training yielded a statistically significant enhancement in creativity among the participants in the experimental group.
Response of Various Intercrops on Growth and Yield Attributes of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under Irrigated Situation
Authors: Sangameshwari P.
Published: July 2023

Intercropping in cotton is one of the best approachs to improve the food security and soil fertility in addition to that of generating cash income of the rural poor. At present intercropping is common in conventional agriculture to augment the land use and also symbolic in reducing the weeds infestation. But, introducing superfluity population of intercrops without reducing the base crop population is of preeminence. Therefore field experiments were conducted at farmer’s field located at Erode District in Tamil Nadu, India (during 2018-2019) to investigate the compatible, remunerative and best smothering intercrops on the base crop, cotton. The experiment was outlayed in randomized block design with three replications. The treatment encompass of seven treatments viz., Cotton alone (Gossypium hirsutum L.), Cotton + Blackgram (Vigna mungo), Cotton + Greengram (Vigna radiata), Cotton + Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), Cotton + Coriander  (Coriandrum sativum), Cotton + Onion (Allium cepa)  and Cotton + Sesame (Sesamum indicum). The study clearly showed that among the treatments Cotton + Cowpea showed superior response in growth attributes like plant height (harvest stage) (153.23 cm), LAI -Leaf Area Index at 70 DAS (6.18), DMP – Dry Matter Production at harvest ( 6788.01 kg per ha) and yield attributes like number of Monopodial branches per plant (3.22), number of Sympodial branches per plant (19.62), number of squares per plant (48.83), number of bolls per plant (32.23), boll weight (3.98 g) and seed cotton yield (2455.70 t ha-1) and next in order was Cotton + Blackgram. The result evidently proved that Cotton + Cowpea will be an appropriate intercropping system for cotton and it was having considerable increase in growth and yield of cotton.
Robust Ratio Estimation with an Application to Covid-19 Data from Louisiana
Authors: Ahmed Azaz , Hanif Muhammad , Oral Evrim
Published: July 2023

Traditional ratio estimator loses its efficiency when there are outliers in the data or when the error term is not normally distributed. Specifically in health-related data, many biological processes can be modeled by Laplace distribution. We propose a novel robust ratio estimator that utilizes Lloyd’s estimator for the cases where the error term is from the Laplace distribution. We derive the mean square error of the proposed estimator and compare it with some other existing estimators using extensive simulations. We use the proposed estimator to estimate Covid-19 cases and deaths in Louisiana and demonstrate its performance.
Dual Foreign Exchange Rate in Nigeria: Stylised Facts and Volatility Modelling
Authors: Ohwadua E. O. , Akanji A. R.
Published: July 2023

This study examines the dual dynamics of Interbank Foreign Exchange Market (IFEM) and Bureau De Change (BDC) Market rates between the Nigerian Naira and the US Dollar over a ten-year period from 2012 to 2022. We investigate the dual foreign exchange rates – Interbank Foreign Exchange Market (IFEM) and Bureau De Change (BDC) Market rates between the Nigerian Naira and the US Dollar for ten years from 2012 to 2022. By employing MGARCH (multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity), we analyse the volatility of the naira in the dual foreign exchange windows and examine the stylised facts as it affects forex management in Nigeria. Our findings confirm and extend the results of previous research, emphasizing the role of market segmentation, information asymmetry, autocorrelation, stationarity, volatility clustering, correlation dynamics, and spillover effects in the foreign exchange markets.
Dinâmica do uso e da cobertura da terra e a expansão da cana-de-açúcar no município de Ouro Verde (SP) entre os anos de 2004 a 2018
Authors: Gois Abonízio Maraci , Vale Barros França Danyella , Rodrigues Nunes João Osvaldo
Published: July 2023

A cana-de-açúcar caracteriza-se como uma cultura que impulsiona a dinamicidade dos usos em diferentes municípios brasileiros, sobretudo nos que estão a oeste do estado de São Paulo. Desta forma, o presente artigo objetiva analisar a dinâmica do uso e da cobertura da terra nos anos de 2004, 2010, 2015 e 2018 a partir da expansão da cana-de-açúcar no município de Ouro Verde (SP). Para alcançar o objetivo proposto realizou-se o levantamento de dados a respeito da produção canavieira com base no Censo Agropecuário do IBGE (2017), bem como análise espaço-temporal do uso e da cobertura da terra nos anos de 2004, 2010, 2015 e 2018 considerando a disponibilidade das imagens de satélite para a área de estudo através da classificação supervisionada modelo MaxVer. Observou-se que a expansão da monocultura canavieira em Ouro Verde aumentou a concentração de terras, com intensa diminuição das classes de lavouras temporárias e pastagem, além de fragmentação e posterior homogeneização da paisagem. Compreende-se que a expansão da cana foi responsável pelas diversas alterações sociais e ambientais no município de Ouro Verde a partir dos anos 2000 e que essa lavoura orientou toda a dinamicidade do uso e da cobertura da terra nos últimos 14 anos.
As boçorocas urbanas e rurais no Brasil
Authors: Bueno Francisco Alyson
Published: July 2023

As boçorocas são grandes formas erosivas existentes em áreas degradadas do território brasileiro, distribuídas pelos espaços rural e urbano, relacionadas aos contextos de cobertura da terra, condições climáticas, declividades topográficas e tipos de solos. Este artigo visa apresentar uma síntese do estado da arte concei- tual das boçorocas e denominações nacionais e internacionais, com exemplos em diversos estados brasileiros representados pela cartografia em escala topográfica. As cartas das boçorocas localizadas em São Francisco de Assis (Rio Grande do Sul), Gilbués (Piauí), Buriticupu (Maranhão), Ouro Preto (Minas Gerais), Rio Claro (Rio de Janeiro) e Quatá (São Paulo); e imagens de sensoriamento remoto em Manaus (Amazonas) e Bauru (São Paulo) são resultados da análise geográfica buscando a compreensão das causas do desenvolvimento das grandes formas erosivas. As boçorocas rurais possuem condicionantes climáticos, ação do pisoteio do rebanho, fragilidade do solo, ausência de cobertura vegetal em áreas íngremes, considerando que mesmo em relevo colinoso, com baixa declividade, condições de degradação podem desenvolver as boçorocas. No caso das boçorocas urbanas, foi notável a falta de projetos de drenagem urbana para direcionamento das águas pluviais para o curso d’água receptor, com concentração das águas pluviais em drenagem e erosão remontante. Existem práticas de controle das boçorocas com implantação de paliçadas em ravinas laterais, revegetação da cabeceira e fundo das grandes formas erosivas. Em relação às boçorocas urbanas, existem projetos para implantação de sistema de drenagem urbana para evitar a erosão remontante e zoneamento das áreas de risco.
leitura dos conflitos territoriais no Brasil contemporâneo na obra de Kleber Mendonça Filho
Authors: Cunha Ronell
Published: July 2023

O presente artigo se insere no conjunto de estudos que buscam a interface entre a ciência geográfica e a produção cinematográfica. Em forma de ensaio analítico de obras fílmicas, o texto visa discutir os conflitos sociais e territoriais do Brasil contemporâneo e a forma como estes são representados nos filmes O Som ao Redor, Aquarius e Bacurau, do cineasta Kleber Mendonça Filho. A metodologia de análise fílmica explora os elementos qualitativos das películas à luz da análise e da interpretação sócio-histórico-geográfica e simbólica das obras. A partir desta análise afirma-se que os filmes formam uma unidade autoral na qual o território é central na abordagem.
The Fall
Authors: Bridges Christine
Published: July 2023

In this narrative medicine essay, a palliative medicine physician learns firsthand how to listen to her mother’s end-of-life wishes amid the waves of loss and the noise of the treatment options being offered.
Evaluation of the Conrad 30 Waiver Program’s Success in Attracting International Medical Graduates to Underserved Areas
Authors: Ramesh Tarun , Brotherton Sarah E. , Wozniak Gregory D. , Yu Hao
Published: July 2023

This cross-sectional study evaluated the growth and distribution of physicians in the Conrad 30 Waiver program during the past 2 decades.
Trends in Alcohol-Related Deaths by Sex in the US, 1999-2020
Authors: Karaye Ibraheem M. , Maleki Nasim , Hassan Nawaal , Yunusa Ismaeel
Published: July 2023

Importance

Alcohol consumption rates have been increasing among women in the US, which may affect mortality rates and sex gaps. Therefore, conducting a comprehensive assessment of sex differences in alcohol-related deaths is essential to inform targeted interventions and policies aimed at reducing the burden of alcohol-related harm among the population.

Objective

To examine sex differences in the burden and trends of alcohol-related mortality in the US from 1999 to 2020.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional time series study used Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research data on alcohol-related deaths from 1999 to 2020. Alcohol-related deaths were identified from the underlying cause of death files using International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, codes, including alcohol-related poisoning, liver disease, gastritis, cardiomyopathy, myopathy, polyneuropathy, and pseudo-Cushing syndrome, among others.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) were analyzed by sex and substratified by race and ethnicity, age, and census region. Rate ratios and 95% CIs calculated by Taylor series were used to assess sex differences in mortality burden. Joinpoint regression was used to assess temporal trends.

Results

A total of 605 948 alcohol-attributed deaths were identified in the US from 1999 through 2020 (AAMR, 8.3 per 100 000 persons; 95% CI, 8.3-8.3 per 100 000 persons). The mortality burden was higher among male individuals than female individuals, with male individuals being 2.88 (95% CI, 2.86-2.89) times more likely to die compared with female individuals. However, temporal trends showed an increase in alcohol-related deaths for both male and female individuals in recent years, with higher rates of increase among female individuals relative to male individuals. The AAMR increased by 12.5% (95% CI, 6.4%-19.1%) per year among male individuals from 2018 to 2020 but increased by 14.7% (95% CI, 9.1%-20.5%) per year among female individuals during the same period. Trend differences were observed across subtypes of age, race and ethnicity, cause, and region.

Conclusions and Relevance

This study of alcohol-related mortality in the US suggests there has been a significantly higher rate of increase in deaths among female individuals in recent years. These findings underscore the need for further research to understand the specific factors associated with this trend. The development of targeted interventions and evidence-based treatments for alcohol use among female individuals becomes imperative in effectively addressing the increasing rates of alcohol-related deaths.
Influence of environmental conditions on population growth and age‐specific vital rates of a long‐lived primate species in two contrasted habitats
Authors: Neves Elisa , Vallet Dominique , Pierre Jean‐Sébastien , Thierry Hugo , Le Gouar Pascaline , Ménard Nelly
Published: July 2023

As wildlife is increasingly affected by environmental change, identifying how vital rates vary with ecological factors is essential to predict the consequences of environmental perturbations on wild population dynamics. We explored the effects of habitat constraints on the demographic and life history patterns of two Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus) populations living in two contrasted habitats in Algeria. Using 11 years of field data, we estimated age‐specific survival rates of females and of infants of both sexes, as well as female reproduction rates. We investigated how these vital rates were influenced by both intra‐ and inter‐habitat environmental variations. We parameterized age‐structured female‐only transition matrices and conducted a prospective analysis to estimate the contribution of each vital rate to the populations' asymptotic growth rates (λ). A retrospective analysis (LTRE, Life Table Response Experiment) was also conducted to determine how each vital rate contributed to the observed differences in λ between populations. The macaques exhibited common patterns of survival and reproduction (low rates at young ages, and then high and stable until a decrease at old ages), with first evidence of both actuarial and reproductive senescence. Both populations were growing. In both populations, adult and immature survival had the highest elasticities, and remained stable in changing environmental conditions. By contrast, infant survival and female reproduction had low elasticities, and varied more with environmental variations. As Barbary macaque habitats are increasingly degrading, we provide robust estimates of their vital rates with conservation implications, in particular to predict population responses to anthropogenic perturbations.
Plant Chimaeras and Mosaics
Authors: Bossinger Gerd , Spokevicius Antanas V
Published: July 2023

Plant chimaeras and mosaics are not only found in our gardens as variegated ornamentals. They also constitute valuable research tools with a range of applications in developmental and molecular biology. For example, much of our knowledge about the development of the shoot and root apical meristems is derived from studying patterns of variegation, and where patterns persist throughout the plant, deductions can be made as to the fate of individual meristematic cells and the number and arrangement of initial cells giving rise to a variety of plant organs or structures. At a molecular level, chimaeras and mosaics can shed light on the cell autonomy of a certain trait, inform us about the propagation and movement of molecular signals and indeed allow us to directly compare genetically distinct tissues in a single organism to determine specific gene function.

Key Concepts

Meristematic tissue contains undifferentiated cells which divide and differentiate to produce the plant body.

Apical meristems are found at the tips of shoots and roots and comprise of meristematic tissue.

By grafting, plant parts are manually brought together to physically connect to each other and continue to grow.

Fate mapping is a methodology used in developmental biology to understand how cell/s divide to contribute to an organism's body.

Cell signalling involves obtaining, interpreting and/or transferring information between cells and their environment.

Genetic transformation involves the transfer of foreign DNA and its integration into the genome of a host cell from where it is then passed onto daughter cells.

Bud sports are lateral shoots or inflorescences which are visibly different to the rest of the plant.
The Eukaryotic mRNA Cap Structure
Authors: Pelletier Jerry , Sonenberg Nahum
Published: July 2023

In contrast to bacteria, eukaryotic cellular cytoplasmic (except for organellar) mRNAs are blocked at their 5′ ends by a unique structure – the m7GpppN cap, where N is any nucleotide and m is a methyl group. The cap is an essential mRNA feature as it is critical to several steps of gene expression. Its role in translation and mRNA stability is particularly well studied. Interest in the cap has recently surged given the development of mRNA‐based vaccines and mRNA therapeutics.

Key Concepts

The m7GpppN cap plays a pivotal role in gene expression in eukaryotes.

The rapid development of SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccines underscores the importance of funding fundamental research, without a translational milestone, as this is the path that often leads to paradigm shifts in knowledge base.

Many forms of translation control (stimulation and repression) are mediated by different cap‐binding proteins and underscore the broad roles that the cap plays in gene expression.

Development of synthetic cap structures enables the implementation of user‐defined regulation of gene expression.

Fundamental research on the cap structure over the last 45 years has set the stage for its use in RNA‐based medicines (e.g. SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccines) that could be rapidly deployed with guaranteed performancein vivo.
Metal–amino acid complexes (Zn, Se, Cu, Fe, and Mn) enhance immune response, antioxidant capacity, liver function enzymes, and expression of cytokine genes in Nile Tilapia reared under field conditions
Authors: El-Sayed Abdel-Fattah M. , Figueiredo-Silva Claudia , Zeid Salma M. S. , Makled Sarah O.
Published: July 2023

Objectives

In the present study, we investigated the effects of partial or total replacement of dietary inorganic trace materials (ITM) with metal–amino acid complexes (MAACs) on immune response, antioxidant capacity, cytokine genes expression, and overall health status of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus reared in in-pond hapas (mesh cages) under field conditions.

Methods

All-male Nile Tilapia with an average initial weight of about 90 g fish−1 were stocked into the hapas, in quadruplicates, at a density of 60 fish per hapa (30 fish m−3). The fish in each hapa were acclimatized to culture conditions and test diets for 1 week. Water quality parameters, including temperature (°C), pH, dissolved oxygen (mg L−1), and total ammonia (mg L−1), were monitored regularly. The MAACs were formulated to contain the same mineral concentrations found in the inorganic premix. Metal–amino acid complexes replaced the ITM premix at 0 (control), 25, 50, 75, and 100% levels (Table 1). The diets were fed to caged Nile Tilapia twice a day, for 80 days, at a daily rate of 3% of their body weights. The fish were weighed every 10 days, and the daily rations were readjusted. At harvest, fish in each hapa were collected, counted, and weighed collectively. Five fish from each hapa were rapidly anesthetized, and used for chemical and physiological analyses, including antioxidant and immune response analyses, liver function analysis, and gene expression.

Result

The activities of lysozyme, respiratory burst (%), alternative complement (ACH50), phagocytic cells, phenoloxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and liver function enzymes were all improved with increasing supplemental MAACs up to the 50% substitution level. The expression of cytokine genes, including interferon, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, serum alkaline phosphatase, the integrated microbial genomes, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, and transforming growth factor genes, was significantly upregulated in fish fed on MAAC-supplemented diets compared with the control group. The 50% MAAC level produced the highest upregulation of these genes, whereas gene expression decreased with increasing dietary MAAC levels to 75% and 100%. The quadratic regression analysis indicated that about 60–65% MAAC is required for maximum promotion of immunological and oxidative stress responses, gene expression, and overall health status of Nile Tilapia reared in in-pond hapas under field conditions.

Conclusion

Replacement of the ITM premix with a MAAC premix enhanced the immune and antioxidant responses of Nile Tilapia.
Block grant on the hot seat again as House subcommittee marks up SUPPORT Act
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2023

During a daylong meeting on July 19, the House Energy and Commerce Committee “marked up” (considered) the SUPPORT for Patients and Communities Act. The initial markup took place on Thursday, July 13. The bill is the Support for Patients and Communities Reauthorization Act, H.R. 4531. Known as the SUPPORT Act, the law, passed by the full Congress in 2018, has never been fully funded.
Pandemic fueled a major expansion of home‐based treatment provider
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: July 2023

Leaders of a home‐based substance use treatment company that experienced substantial growth during the COVID‐19 pandemic said they are establishing important models in both service delivery and payment structure. Most of the media attention to Aware Recovery Care's work has focused on counteracting the notion that addiction care must take place in a facility, but the company's CEO also pointed out that its pioneering managed care contract brings the field closer to value‐based payment for services.
Commentary on belief that addiction is the fault of the user
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2023

Rob Kent has been general counsel for the New York state Office of Addiction Services and Supports and the federal Office of National Drug Control Policy. He has worked to support the rights of drug users to treatment, and to dignity.
Structure Formation in Tailor‐Made Buriti Oil Emulsion During Simulated Digestion
Authors: Freire Rafael V. M. , Hong Linda , Peterek Miroslav , Canarelli Stéphane , Rezzi Serge , Salentinig Stefan
Published: July 2023

Functional food emulsions enriched in health‐promoting nutrients can help to maintain and improve health and lifestyle. The oil extracted from the Amazonian buriti fruit is renowned for its high levels of carotenoid, vitamin E, and unsaturated fatty acids, which have been linked to improvements in cardiometabolic health. Here, buriti oil in water emulsions are developed and their colloidal transformations are investigated in an advanced digestion model with oral, gastric, and intestinal parts with in situ synchrotron small‐angle X‐ray scattering, cryogenic electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering under simulated “healthy” and “compromised” digestive conditions. The interior oil phase of whey‐stabilized buriti oil‐in‐water emulsion transforms into highly ordered lyotropic liquid crystalline structures during simulated intestinal digestion at compromised bile conditions. Simulated gastric digestion influences intestinal digestion by slowing it down, resulting in less ordered structures. The digestion‐triggered structure formation is pH‐ and bile salt‐dependent and can be modulated by adding vitamin E to the oil. This tailoring of structures during digestion offers a new pathway to steer digestion kinetics and nutrient bioavailability.
Adaptive Interfacial Contact between Copper Nanoparticles and Triazine Functionalized Graphdiyne Substrate for Improved Lithium/Sodium Storage
Authors: Liu Jingyi , Zhang Luwei , Wang Kaihang , Jiang Chao , Zhang Chunfang , Wang Ning
Published: July 2023

The high activity of nano‐sized metal particles (NMPs) makes it easy to appear uncontrolled aggregation, which seriously affects Li/Na storage in electrode materials. Introducing adaptive substrates with proper affinity to NMPs is an effective strategy that optimizes the stability and capacity of the related electrodes. Herein, a comprehensive strategy for the fabrication of adaptive interfacial contacts between metallic Cu nanoparticles (NPs) and triphenyl‐substituted triazine graphdiyne (TPTG) substrates is reported. The sp C in the acetylenic linkers and N heteroatoms in the triazine groups synergistically stabilized the Cu NPs loaded onto the TPTG substrates. The stabilizing effect of the TPTG substrate induces a reversible lattice change of the Cu NPs during the charge–discharge process, thus efficiently facilitating the stable transfer of Li+/Na+. Intrinsic mechanism analysis indicates that the heterojunction contact interface of Cu NPs/TPTG provides branched charge transfer pathways from Li/Na to the Cu NPs and TPTG substrates, which synergistically adjusts the affinity to Li/Na atoms and ultimately improves the electrochemical performance in Li/Na storage. The investigation of the structure–property relationship deepens the understanding of the function of heterointerfaces, which is essential for optimizing the performance of energy storage devices.
Direct Synthesis of Fluorinated Carbon Materials via a Solid‐State Mechanochemical Reaction Between Graphite and PTFE
Authors: Jang Boo‐Jae , Zhao Qiannan , Baek Jae‐Hoon , Seo Jeong‐Min , Jeon Jong‐Pil , Kweon Do Hyung , Han Gao‐Feng , Xu Chaohe , Baek Jong‐Beom
Published: July 2023

Fluorinated carbon materials (FCMs) have received significant attention, because of their exceptional stability, which is associated with the strong C‐F bonding, the strongest among carbon single bonds. However, the fluorination of carbon materials requires extremely toxic and moisture‐sensitive reagents, which makes it inapplicable for practical uses. Here, a straightforward and relatively safe method are reported for the scalable synthesis of FCMs, by mechanochemical depolymerization of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and fragmentation of graphite. The resultant FCMs are evaluated as anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). An optimized FCM delivered capacities as high as 951.6 and 329.3 mAh g −1 at 0.05 and 10 A g −1, respectively. It also demonstrated capacity retention as high as 76.6% even after 1000 cycles at 2.0 A g −1.
hESC‐Derived Epicardial Cells Promote Repair of Infarcted Hearts in Mouse and Swine
Authors: Luo Xiao‐Ling , Jiang Yun , Li Qiang , Yu Xiu‐Jian , Ma Teng , Cao Hao , Ke Min‐Xia , Zhang Peng , Tan Ji‐Liang , Gong Yan‐Shan , Wang Li , Gao Ling , Yang Huang‐Tian
Published: July 2023

Myocardial infarction (MI) causes excessive damage to the myocardium, including the epicardium. However, whether pluripotent stem cell‐derived epicardial cells (EPs) can be a therapeutic approach for infarcted hearts remains unclear. Here, the authors report that intramyocardial injection of human embryonic stem cell‐derived EPs (hEPs) at the acute phase of MI ameliorates functional worsening and scar formation in mouse hearts, concomitantly with enhanced cardiomyocyte survival, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis. Mechanistically, hEPs suppress MI‐induced infiltration and cytokine‐release of inflammatory cells and promote reparative macrophage polarization. These effects are blocked by a type I interferon (IFN‐I) receptor agonist RO8191. Moreover, intelectin 1 (ITLN1), abundantly secreted by hEPs, interacts with IFN‐β and mimics the effects of hEP‐conditioned medium in suppression of IFN‐β‐stimulated responses in macrophages and promotion of reparative macrophage polarization, whereas ITLN1 downregulation in hEPs cancels beneficial effects of hEPs in anti‐inflammation, IFN‐I response inhibition, and cardiac repair. Further, similar beneficial effects of hEPs are observed in a clinically relevant porcine model of reperfused MI, with no increases in the risk of hepatic, renal, and cardiac toxicity. Collectively, this study reveals hEPs as an inflammatory modulator in promoting infarct healing via a paracrine mechanism and provides a new therapeutic approach for infarcted hearts.