bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2021 recommendations of the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology for the gynecological and obstetric care of patients with Sjogren’s syndrome
Authors: Oliveira Fabiola Reis , Valim Valeria , Pasoto Sandra Gofinet , Fernandes Marilena Leal Mesquita Silvestre , Lopes Maria Lucia Lemos , de Magalhães Souza Fialho Sonia Cristina , Pinheiro Aysa César , dos Santos Laura Caldas , Appenzeller Simone , Fidelix Tania , Ribeiro Sandra Lucia Euzébio , de Brito Danielle Christinne Soares Egypto , Libório Tatiana , Santos Maria Carmen Lopes Ferreira Silva , Tanure Leandro , Gennari Juliana DAgostino , Civile Vinicius Tassoni , Pinto Ana Carolina Pereira Nunes , Rocha-Filho César Ramos , Miyamoto Samira Tatiyama , Guedes Lissiane Karine Noronha , Pugliesi Alisson , Trevisani Virginia Fernandes Moça
Published: September 2021

Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands and other organs. Women with SS often experience gynecological symptoms due to the disease and need extra care regarding their sexual activity, reproductive health and during pregnancy, conditions that are not properly conducted in the clinical practice. To cover this gap, a panel of experts from the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the identification of symptoms, diagnosis, monitoring, prognosis, and treatment of these manifestations. A Focus Group meeting was held and included experts in the field and methodologists, based on a previously developed script, with themes related to the objective of the study. The most important topics were summarized and 11 recommendations were provided.
Does intraoperative mechanical prophylaxis prevent venous thromboembolism in total knee arthroplasty? – effectiveness of passive-assisted ankle motion in surgical/non-surgical side
Authors: Tateiwa Toshiyuki , Ishida Tsunehito , Masaoka Toshinori , Shishido Takaaki , Takahashi Yasuhito , Nishida Jun , Yamamoto Kengo
Published: September 2021

Background

Gradual compression stocking (GCS) and intermittent pneumatic compression device (IPCD) are used for intraoperative mechanical prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism (VTE) during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In this study, we applied a passive-assisted ankle motion in combination with GCS and IPCD during TKA and evaluated its effectiveness in preventing postoperative VTE.

Methods

We included 77 patients who underwent primary unilateral TKA. Patients were divided into group A (53 patients who underwent GCS and IPCD on their non-surgical side limb) and group B (24 patients who underwent passive ankle dorsiflexion motion in addition to GCS and IPCD on their non-surgical side limb). Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was assessed using lower extremity ultrasonography (US). The incidence of VTE in each affected limb was compared between the two groups.

Results

US was performed 4 days after surgery on average. The incidence of DVT in groups A and B was 47.2 and 70.8 %, respectively. In group A, 22.6 % of DVTs were found only on the surgical side, 11.3 % on the non-surgical side, and 13.2 % on both sides. On the other hand, in group B, 41.7 % of DVTs were found only on the surgical side, 4.2 % on the non-surgical side, and 25.0 % on both sides. No significant difference in the incidence of VTE was noted between the 2 groups.

Conclusions

The intraoperative application of passive ankle motion plus GCS and IPCD might not further reduce the incidence of postoperative DVT in TKA patients.
Evaluation of textural-based radiomics features for differentiation of COVID-19 pneumonia from non-COVID pneumonia
Authors: Soleymani Yunus , Jahanshahi Amir Reza , Hefzi Maryam , Fazel Ghaziani Mona , Pourfarshid Amin , Khezerloo Davood
Published: September 2021

Background

The false-positive rate of computed tomography (CT) images in the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a challenge for the management in the pandemic. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the textural radiomics features on chest CT images of COVID-19 pneumonia patients and compare them with those of non-COVID pneumonia. This is a retrospective study. Some textural radiomics features were extracted from the CT images of 66 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and 40 with non-COVID pneumonia. For radiomics analysis, the regions of interest (ROIs) were manually identified inside the pulmonary ground-glass opacities. For each ROI, 12 textural features were obtained and, then, statistical analysis was performed to assess the differences in these features between the two study groups.

Results

8 of the 12 texture features demonstrated a significant difference (P < 0.05) in two groups, with COVID-19 pneumonia lesions tending to be more heterogeneous in comparison with the non-COVID cases. Among the 8 significant features, only two (homogeneity and energy) were found to be higher in non-COVID cases.

Conclusions

Textural radiomics features can be used for differentiating COVID-19 pneumonia from non-COVID pneumonia, as a non-invasive method, and help with better prognosis and diagnosis of COVID-19 patients.
Reflective writing: a tool to support continuous learning and improved effectiveness in implementation facilitators
Authors: Olmos-Ochoa Tanya T. , Fenwick Karissa M. , Ganz David A. , Chawla Neetu , Penney Lauren S. , Barnard Jenny M. , Miake-Lye Isomi M. , Hamilton Alison B. , Finley Erin P.
Published: September 2021

Background

Implementation facilitators support the adoption of evidence-based practices and other improvement efforts in complex healthcare settings. Facilitators are trained to develop essential facilitation skills and facilitator effectiveness is typically evaluated post-implementation, but little is known about how facilitators apply and adapt didactic knowledge after training, or how learning and refining experiential knowledge occurs during the facilitation process. We propose the use of reflective writing as a tool to document and support facilitator learning and facilitator effectiveness.

Methods

Using an instrumental case study of the Coordination Toolkit and Coaching (CTAC) project, we explore the use of reflective writing by facilitators to support their learning and effectiveness. Six primary care clinics participated in weekly hour-long facilitation calls over a 12-month period to implement quality improvement projects related to care coordination. Two facilitators completed templated reflections after each facilitation call for their assigned sites, totaling 269 reflections. We used the declarative-procedural-reflective model, which defines the process of skill development in clinical practice, to qualitatively analyze the reflections. Two independent coders used content analysis principles to code text that captured facilitators’ observations, evaluations, interpretations, and communication. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze reflections by facilitator and by code within and across reflections.

Results

CTAC facilitators primarily used the reflections to summarize the calls (observation), assess the facilitation process and the tasks and activities they used (evaluation), document their thoughts about how to improve their own effectiveness (interpretation), and describe their communication with implementing teams. Ninety-one percent of reflections included observations, 42% interpretation, 41% evaluation, and 44% facilitator communication. In total, we coded 677 segments of text within reflections: 39% represented observation, 20% interpretation, 18% evaluation, and 23% facilitator communication.

Conclusions

The process of reflective writing allowed the CTAC facilitators the time and structure to evaluate their facilitation and to think critically about how to adjust their facilitation in response to their observations and interpretations. Reflective writing is a feasible and acceptable tool to support and document facilitator learning and effectiveness.

Trial registration

The project was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03063294) on February 24, 2017.
Role of bile acids in the prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma in HCV-induced liver cirrhosis
Authors: Khalil Ashraf , Elsheashaey Azza , Abdelsameea Eman , Obada Manar , Mohamed Bayomy F. F. , El-Said Hala
Published: September 2021

Background

Bile acids are essential organic molecules synthesized from cholesterol in the liver and regarded as indicators of hepatobiliary impairment; however, their role in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unclear. The study aimed to examine the feasibility of bile acids in distinguishing HCC from post hepatitis C virus liver cirrhosis. A UPLC/MS was used to measure 14 bile acids in patients with noncirrhotic HCV disease (n = 50), cirrhotic HCV disease (n = 50), hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 50), and control group (n = 50).

Results

The progression of liver cirrhosis to HCC was associated with a significant increase in serum bile acids compared to the normal or the noncirrhotic HCV disease (p < 0.05). The fold changes in bile acids concentrations showed a trend that HCC > cirrhotic HCV disease > noncirrhotic HCV disease. Four conjugated acids GCA, GCDCA, GUDCA, and TCDCA steadily increased across the different groups. ROC curves analysis revealed that these bile acids discriminated noncirrhotic liver patients from HCC (AUC 0.850–0.963), with a weaker potential to distinguish chronic liver cirrhosis from HCC (AUC 0.414–0.638).

Conclusion

The level of serum bile acid was associated primarily with liver cirrhosis, with little value in predicting the progress of chronic liver cirrhotic disease into hepatocellular carcinoma.
Smart computational light microscopes (SCLMs) of smart computational imaging laboratory (SCILab)
Authors: Fan Yao , Li Jiaji , Lu Linpeng , Sun Jiasong , Hu Yan , Zhang Jialin , Li Zhuoshi , Shen Qian , Wang Bowen , Zhang Runnan , Chen Qian , Zuo Chao
Published: September 2021

Computational microscopy, as a subfield of computational imaging, combines optical manipulation and image algorithmic reconstruction to recover multi-dimensional microscopic images or information of micro-objects. In recent years, the revolution in light-emitting diodes (LEDs), low-cost consumer image sensors, modern digital computers, and smartphones provide fertile opportunities for the rapid development of computational microscopy. Consequently, diverse forms of computational microscopy have been invented, including digital holographic microscopy (DHM), transport of intensity equation (TIE), differential phase contrast (DPC) microscopy, lens-free on-chip holography, and Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM). These computational microscopy techniques not only provide high-resolution, label-free, quantitative phase imaging capability but also decipher new and advanced biomedical research and industrial applications. Nevertheless, most computational microscopy techniques are still at an early stage of “proof of concept” or “proof of prototype” (based on commercially available microscope platforms). Translating those concepts to stand-alone optical instruments for practical use is an essential step for the promotion and adoption of computational microscopy by the wider bio-medicine, industry, and education community. In this paper, we present four smart computational light microscopes (SCLMs) developed by our laboratory, i.e., smart computational imaging laboratory (SCILab) of Nanjing University of Science and Technology (NJUST), China. These microscopes are empowered by advanced computational microscopy techniques, including digital holography, TIE, DPC, lensless holography, and FPM, which not only enables multi-modal contrast-enhanced observations for unstained specimens, but also can recover their three-dimensional profiles quantitatively. We introduce their basic principles, hardware configurations, reconstruction algorithms, and software design, quantify their imaging performance, and illustrate their typical applications for cell analysis, medical diagnosis, and microlens characterization.
Large-scale phase retrieval
Authors: Chang Xuyang , Bian Liheng , Zhang Jun
Published: September 2021

High-throughput computational imaging requires efficient processing algorithms to retrieve multi-dimensional and multi-scale information. In computational phase imaging, phase retrieval (PR) is required to reconstruct both amplitude and phase in complex space from intensity-only measurements. The existing PR algorithms suffer from the tradeoff among low computational complexity, robustness to measurement noise and strong generalization on different modalities. In this work, we report an efficient large-scale phase retrieval technique termed as LPR. It extends the plug-and-play generalized-alternating-projection framework from real space to nonlinear complex space. The alternating projection solver and enhancing neural network are respectively derived to tackle the measurement formation and statistical prior regularization. This framework compensates the shortcomings of each operator, so as to realize high-fidelity phase retrieval with low computational complexity and strong generalization. We applied the technique for a series of computational phase imaging modalities including coherent diffraction imaging, coded diffraction pattern imaging, and Fourier ptychographic microscopy. Extensive simulations and experiments validate that the technique outperforms the existing PR algorithms with as much as 17dB enhancement on signal-to-noise ratio, and more than one order-of-magnitude increased running efficiency. Besides, we for the first time demonstrate ultra-large-scale phase retrieval at the 8K level ($$7680\times 4320$$

7680
×
4320

pixels) in minute-level time.
Phenotypic and molecular characterizations of multidrug-resistant diarrheagenic E. coli of calf origin
Authors: Yue Shan , Zhang Zecai , Liu Yu , Zhou Yulong , Wu Chenhua , Huang Wenjing , Chen Nannan , Zhu Zhanbo
Published: September 2021

Escherichia coli has become one of the most important causes of calf diarrhea. The aim of this study is to determine the patterns of antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolates from six cattle farms and to identify prominent resistance genes and virulence genes among the strains isolated from the diarrhea of calves. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using the disk diffusion method, and PCR was used to detect resistance and virulence genes. The prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR) E. coli was 77.8% in dairy cattle and 63.6% in beef cattle. There were high resistance rates to penicillin (100%, 100%) and ampicillin (96.3%, 86.4%) in E. coli from dairy cattle and beef cattle. Interestingly, resistance rate to antimicrobials and distribution of resistance genes in E. coli isolated from dairy cattle were higher than those in beef cattle. Further analysis showed that the most prevalent resistance genes were blaTEM and aadA1 in dairy cattle and beef cattle, respectively. Moreover, seven diarrheagenic virulence genes (irp2, fyuA, Stx1, eaeA, F41, K99 and STa) were present in the isolates from dairy cattle, with a prevalence ranging from 3.7% to 22.22%. Six diarrheagenic virulence genes (irp2, fyuA, Stx1, eaeA, hylA and F41) were identified in the isolates from beef cattle, with a prevalence ranging from 2.27% to 63.64%. Our results provide important evidence for better exploring their interaction mechanism. Further studies are also needed to understand the origin and transmission route of E. coli in cattle to reduce its prevalence.
Wave dynamics and shoreline evolution in deltas: A case study of sandy coasts in the Volta delta of Ghana
Authors: Jayson-Quashigah Philip-Neri , Appeaning Addo Kwasi , Wiafe George , Amisigo Barnabas Akurigo , Brempong Emmanuel Kwadzo , Kay Susan , Angnuureng Donatus Bapentire
Published: September 2021

Erosion is a major global challenge facing coastal regions, and it is projected to increase on a regional to global scale as sea levels continue to rise. Deltas, which are important ecosystems, are particularly vulnerable due to their low-lying nature, subsidence, reduction in sediment supply, population increase, and exposure to an increasing frequency of extreme events. The need for sustainable management of these systems requires accurate estimates of shoreline dynamics at the local scale and higher spatial resolutions for engineering and decision making. We have assessed the shoreline dynamics of the Volta River delta in Ghana for a medium term of 12 years using high-resolution satellite imagery. The shoreline change rates are correlated with wave dynamics to explain the observed shoreline evolution within the delta. Our results confirm that erosion dominates the studied coasts with rates reaching as high as 31 m/yr close to the mouth of the delta where the water level shows a strong relationship with the shoreline change. These rates are evidenced by the destruction of fishing villages such as Fuveme located close to the mouth. Anthropogenic factors, such as the construction of sea defense projects, are also influencing erosion patterns across the study area. We recommend a softer approach for coastal management within the delta.
Entero-Pancreatic Hormone Secretion, Gastric Emptying, and Glucose Absorption After Frequently Sampled Meal Tests
Authors: Veedfald Simon , Rehfeld Jens F , van Hall Gerrit , Svendsen Lars B , Holst Jens J
Published: September 2021

Context

Entero-pancreatic hormone secretion has been reported during the pre-absorptive cephalic and gastric meal phases, but never with a blood sampling frequency providing a temporal resolution that allows close scrutiny and correlations with gastric emptying and glucose absorption.

Objective

We hypothesized that entero-pancreatic hormone secretion after nutrient ingestion would be rapid and correlate with gastric emptying and glucose absorption.

Methods

During 2 visits in a clinical research facility, 10 healthy young men ingested a 75-g glucose drink (OG) and a liquid mixed meal (LMM) (t = 0-2 minutes) on separate days. Acetaminophen and 3-O-methyl-D-glucopyranose (3-OMG) were added to the drinks to evaluate gastric emptying and glucose absorption, respectively. Arterialized venous blood was sampled (t = −30, −20, −18, −16, −14, −12, −10, −8, −6, −4, −2, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 30 minutes). Plasma glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), 3-OMG, and glucose were measured, as were serum insulin, C-peptide, and acetaminophen.

Results

Acetaminophen increased 8 minutes after OG (P < 0.001) and LMM (P < 0.05); 3-OMG, 8 minutes after LMM (P < 0.0001), 10 minutes after OG (P = 0.04); PP, 4 minutes after LMM (P < 0.03); gastrin, 6 minutes after LMM (P < 0.003) and OG (P < 0.003); CCK, 6 minutes after LMM (P = 0.0001); GIP, 8 minutes after OG (P < 0.05) and LMM (P < 0.03); glucose, 8 minutes after OG (P < 0.001); 12 minutes after LMM (P < 0.02); GLP-1, 12 minutes after OG (P < 0.01), 10 minutes after LMM (P < 0.01); insulin, 12 minutes after LMM (P = 0.02) and OG (P = 0.002); C-peptide, 12 minutes after OG (P = 0.002) and LMM (P = 0.04).

Conclusion

Early postprandial hormone responses show characteristic differences with regard to timing and amplitude but also great individual differences. This should be considered when interpreting mean responses and designing study protocols.
Historical Discourse and Narrativity
Authors: Carrard Philippe
Published: September 2021

Most theorists of history now seem to regard narrative as the only discursive model on which historians rely to make sense of the past. The structure of many works in current historiographic production, however, is not that of a narrative as defined in literary theory. The histories of World War II discussed here, for example, do not all tell a story; several of them take the form of synchronic analyses bearing on some aspects of the conflict. Furthermore, those histories of the war that tell a story follow different models and have widely divergent degrees of narrativity. That is, they resort at various levels of frequency and deliberateness to strategies that narratologists such as Meir Sternberg and Raphaël Baroni view as typical of storytelling. Positing readers who know how the war ended (the Allies won), they do not turn to suspense but seek to arouse curiosity by making counterfactual hypotheses (What if?) that offer alternatives to what actually happened. Furthermore, they attempt to create surprise by proposing “new versions” grounded in recently uncovered evidence and/or thus far unasked questions. As Dorrit Cohn speaks of the “distinction of fiction,” it would thus be legitimate to speak in these areas of the “distinction of historiography.” Indeed, the classical nineteenth-century extra-heterodiegetic narratives to which histories are frequently compared are unlikely to include counterfactuals, as they are unlikely to offer new, “better” versions of the events that they report.
Another Way to Tell the News, Another Way to Read the News: Immersion and Information in Narrative Journalism
Authors: Vanoost Marie
Published: September 2021

While Paul Ricoeur's Time and Narrative (1990) was only concerned with fictional and historical narratives, its influence on narrative theory has been much broader. Ricoeur's reflections expanded into the field of journalism, among other areas, notably through the notion of media narrative (or récit médiatique) as defined by Marc Lits (1997a). Following Lits, Ricoeur's legacy—and, more specifically, the distinction it inspired between immersive and informative narratives (Baroni 2018)—has been used to shed light on a specific kind of journalism often referred to as narrative journalism, that is, journalism that uses the writing techniques of fiction to tell news stories. This article further examines the dialectic between immersion and information in narrative journalism by exploring both journalists’ goals when writing their texts and receivers’ experiences when reading them. First, interviews with journalists show that they are largely aware of this dialectic and purposefully use an immersive form to help readers better understand information. Then, an exploratory study with readers reveals that they claim to look mostly for information yet seem to favor immersive narratives.
Transformational entrepreneurship and its effect on readiness for change, psychological capital, and employee performance: evidence from an Indonesian bank
Authors: Gunawan Michael , Wijayanti Retno , Chrisanty Febri Nila , Soetjipto Budi W. , Rachmawati Ani Wahyu , Rahmawati Santi
Published: September 2021

Continuing failures of financial capitalism across borders have led corporation to develop a more balanced economic growth model of transformational entrepreneurship that emphasises both short-term economic and longer-term social impacts. The model encourages entrepreneurial activities that bring major changes in the related markets and industries, as well as changes in society and culture. At the corporate level, transformational entrepreneurship prepares employees for any potential changes induced by a dynamic environment; it also improves the psychological capital of individual employees, and effective transformational entrepreneurship can eventually accelerate performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate (1) the direct and indirect effects of transformational entrepreneurship on readiness for change, psychological capital and employee performance, and (2) how the effects to readiness for change and psychological capital influence employee performance. The study data were collected using questionnaires completed by employees in 257 branches of a state-owned bank with locations throughout Indonesia. The data were analysed using the structural equation model. The results show that transformational entrepreneurship significantly and positively influences readiness for change, psychological capital, and employee performance and that readiness for change and psychological capital significantly and positively influences employee performance. Additionally, the effect of transformational entrepreneurship on employee performance is more significant if it is related to psychological capital than to readiness for change or to aspects of employee performance unrelated to transformational entrepreneurship. These findings enrich our understanding of transformational entrepreneurship and its value related to the direct and indirect effects on variables such as readiness for change, psychological capital and employee performance.
A patient satisfaction survey and educational package to improve the care of people hospitalised with COVID-19: a quality improvement project, Liverpool, UK
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Shamsher , Hicks Scott Rory , Watson Rebecca , Ahmed Rajia Akter , Jones Lewis , Vaselli Marcella , Wu Meng-San , Hayat Fatima , Ratcliffe Libuse , McKenna Mark , Hine Paul , Defres Sylviane , Wingfield Tom
Published: September 2021

Background: The perspectives and experiences of people hospitalised with COVID-19 have been under-reported during the coronavirus pandemic. We developed and conducted a COVID-19 patient satisfaction survey in a large university-affiliated secondary healthcare centre in Liverpool, UK, during Europe’s first coronavirus wave (April-June 2020). The survey found that care was rated highly, including among people of Black Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) background. However, sleep-quality and communication about medications and discharge-planning were identified as areas for improvement.  

Methods: To improve care for people with COVID-19 admitted to our centre, we designed an educational package for healthcare professionals working on COVID-19 wards. The package, implemented in August 2020, included healthcare worker training sessions on providing holistic care and placement of “Practice Pointers” posters. Patient satisfaction was re-evaluated during the second/third COVID-19 waves in Liverpool (September 2020 - February 2021).

Results: Across waves, most (95%) respondents reported that they would recommend our hospital to friends and/or family and rated overall care highly. Comparison of the responses of second/third-wave respondents (n=101) with first-wave respondents (n=94) suggested improved patient satisfaction across most care domains but especially those related to having worries and fears addressed and being consulted about medications and their side-effects.

Conclusions: People admitted with COVID-19 to our centre in Liverpool, including those from BAME background, rated the care they received highly. A simple education package improved the feedback on care received by respondents between the first and second/third waves. These UK-first findings are informing regional strategies to improve person-centred care of hospitalised people with COVID-19.
КОННОТАТИВНЫЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ ЛЕКСИКИ СОВРЕМЕННОГО РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКА (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ СОВРЕМЕННОГО РЕЧЕВОГО УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ ЗООНИМОВ ТЕМАТИЧЕМКОЙ ГРУППЫ «ЗАЙЦЕОБРАЗНЫЕ МЛЕКОПИТАЮЩИЕ»)
Authors: Bolgova Elena V.
Published: September 2021

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью фиксации процессов метаязыкового сознания, выявляемых в результате анализа функционирования языковых структур в современной речевой практике.
Цель работы ‒ проанализировать специфику коннотативного потенциала зоонимической лексики современного русского языка.
Объект исследования ‒ тематическая группа «Зайцеобразные млекопитающие».
Предмет исследования ‒ коннотативный потенциал лексики данной тематической группы.
Методами исследования являются метод сплошной выборки, метод компонентного и дискурсивного анализа, анализ словарных дефиниций. Новизна работы состоит в таком анализе семантической структуры слова, который обнаруживает значимость признака в зависимости от его закрепленности в языковом сознании говорящего, а также в выявлении тенденций развития коннотативной системы зоонимической лексики современного русского языка.
Результаты исследования. Анализ функционирования зоонимов тематической группы «Зайцеобразные млекопитающие» показал, что лексикографическое описание слов данной тематической группы не всегда отражает вторичное (переносное, метафорическое) значение. Изучение речевой практики показывает не только расширение коннотативного потенциала зоонимов, его содержания, но и изменение его состава, перераспределение его компонентов и усиление антропоцентрического начала, то есть его связи с человеческим сознанием. Были выявлены две тенденции развития коннотативного потенциала зоонимической лексики современного русского языка: первая ‒ семантические модификации, основанные на семантико-прагматических процессах, и вторая ‒ антропоцентризация, которая предполагает смену ценностной ориентации в сторону человека. Доказано, что речевая практика актуализирует как узуальные, так и окказиональные коннотативные компоненты. Утверждается, что главным механизмом возникновения коннотаций устойчивых сравнений русского языка выступают зрительные ассоциации.
Область применения результатов исследования. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в учебном процессе в языковых вузах: в лекционных курсах по лексикологии, лингвокультурологии, семиотике, стилистике, общего языкознания, в преподавании спецкурсов и спецсеминаров по этим дисциплинам, на лекционных и семинарских занятиях по интерпретации художественного текста.
ЯЗЫКОВОЙ ПУРИЗМ КАК ФОРМА ЭТНИЧЕСКОГО АНГЛИЙСКОГО НАЦИОНАЛИЗМА
Authors: Kyrchanoff Maksym W.
Published: September 2021

В настоящей статье исследуются основные тенденции в развитии лингвистического пуризма в Англии.
Целью статьи является анализ английского пуризма как тактики и практики английских националистически ориентированных интеллектуалов в тех стратегиях, которые они использовали для продвижения английской идентичности.
Методы. Методологически статья является междисциплинарной. Автор использует методологический инструментарий, предложенный интеллектуальной историей и исследованиями национализма, включая концепцию изобретения традиций, которая позволяет анализировать пуризм как одну из изобретенных традиций английского национализма.
Результаты. Анализируются различные тактики и стратегии пуристов. Показаны связи и взаимозависимости между пуризмом и английским национализмом. Пуризм определяется как форма культурного английского национализма. Слабость пуризма в английском национализме объясняется ранней институционализацией политической нации, что ослабило роль этнических тенденций. Анализируются особенности культурных и символических коммуникаций между пуристами и националистами. Автор полагает, что пуризм как форма английского национализма относится к числу маргинальных трендов. Предполагается, что роль пуризма в английском национализме несравнима со значением аналогичных явлений в других европейских национализмах.
АББРЕВИАЦИЯ В ТЕРМИНОЛОГИИ ПО ЭНЕРГЕТИКЕ И ЗАЩИТЕ ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА)
Authors: Sinenko Tatiana N.
Published: September 2021

Обоснование. Аббревиация в терминологии по энергетике и защите окружающей среды является продуктивным способом словообразования. Причиной этому является постоянный рост технического прогресса, с одной стороны и появление новых сложных научно-технических понятий, с другой. Новые условия жизни, развитие науки, появление новой терминологии меняют требования общества к готовности преподавателя иностранного языка и к подготовке студентов инженерно-технических специальностей по дисциплине «Иностранный язык» в вузе. Аббревиатуры являются важным компонентом научно-технических текстов, знание основных типов аббревиации способно в значительной степени облегчить прочтение и понимание текста специалистами.
Цель работы заключается в выделении основных, наиболее частотных типов аббревиатур, функционирующих в английской терминологии по энергетике и защите окружающей среды.
Методы исследования. В процессе исследования был проведен теоретический анализ научной литературы по изучаемому вопросу. Также был применен метод сплошной выборки и метод лингвистического наблюдения.
Материалом исследования послужил «Англо-русский словарь по энергетике и защите окружающей среды» А.С. Гольдберга, включающий около 5 000 сокращений, материалы конференций “International Conference on Environment Pollution and Prevention” (ICEPP: 2015-2020).
Результаты исследования показали, что наиболее продуктивными типами аббревиации являются буквенные сокращения. Гораздо реже в терминологии по энергетике и защите окружающей среды встречаются цифровые сокращения, усеченные слова.
В процессе исследования выявлен новый тип буквенных сокращений, который характеризуется образованием аббревиатуры путем удаления из слова гласных букв.
Область применения результатов. Практическая значимость результатов исследования заключается в возможности использования полученных данных в практике преподавания иностранного языка (английского) студентам технического вуза и при подготовке технических переводчиков.
НЕМЦЫ О НЕМЦАХ: СТЕРЕОТИП ИЛИ РЕАЛЬНОСТЬ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ НЕМЕЦКОЯЗЫЧНЫХ ПУБЛИЦИСТИЧЕСКИХ ТЕКСТОВ И РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ СВОБОДНОГО АССОЦИАТИВНОГО ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТА)
Authors: Khlopova Anna I. , Severina Ekaterina A.
Published: September 2021

Статья посвящена исследованию национальных стереотипов. Целью исследования является определение образа немца и немецкой нации в целом в сознании носителей немецкой лингвокультуры. Основными методами исследования являются свободный ассоциативный эксперимент, проведенный c носителями немецкой лингвокультуры в 2019 г., а также методы лингвистического исследования данных публицистических текстов (элементы дискурс-анализа, описательный метод, контекстуальный анализ и др.) Научная новизна исследования заключается в комплексном подходе к изучению национальных стереотипов, а также экспериментальной верификации полученных данных. Полученные результаты показали, что национальные стереотипы зачастую воспринимаются как объективно существующая реальность и закреплены в сознании как индивидов, так и целых групп. Немцы пунктуальны и точны, ценят свою историю, любят порядок и соблюдают правила. Они любят вкусно поесть и уделяют этому большое значение. Практическая ценность исследования заключается в возможности применения полученных данных в преподавании межкультурной коммуникации, лингвокультурологии и др.
РОЛЬ ОТЦОВ В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ ПОДРАСТАЮЩЕГО ПОКОЛЕНИЯ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ДЕТСКО-ЮНОШЕСКОЙ ПРОЗЫ)
Authors: Sharapova Ekaterina A. , Bozhkova Galina N. , Bykov Anton V. , Gallyamova Natalya V.
Published: September 2021

Обоснование. Данная статья посвящена изучению влияния отцов на формирование подрастающего поколения. В качестве материала для исследования были выбраны произведения современной детско-юношеской прозы.

Цели исследования: выяснить, какое влияние на воспитание детей оказывают отцы в современной детско-юношеской прозе; какие виды отцов представлены в детско-юношеской литературе 21 в.

В работе впервые проанализированы и классифицированы образы отцов в детско-юношеской прозе 21 в., а также выявлены частота появления того или иного типа отцовства в русской и зарубежной детской литературе и его влияние на формирование подрастающего поколения. Для объективности результатов исследования были проанализированы произведения как отечественных, так и зарубежных писателей различных жанров.

Материалы и методы. В статье применены качественно-количественные подходы, основными из которых являются методы контент-анализа и тематического анализа.

Исследование включает следующие этапы работы:

Выборка текстов. Нами отобраны произведения современной детско-юношеской прозы, освещающие влияние отцов на формирование подрастающего поколения.

Подбор классификаций отеческих образов. Был сформирован корпус текстов. Общий объем выборки составил 7 современных произведений.

Интерпретация произведений современных художественных текстов. Количественный метод контент-анализа позволил перевести результаты в процентный коэффициент, отразив их в таблице и диаграмме. Качественный образно-тематический анализ позволил увидеть влияние видов отцов на формирование личности подрастающего поколения.

Результаты исследования.

Гармоничные отношения отцов с детьми способствуют формированию духовно-нравственной, отзывчивой и способной чувствовать, сочувствовать личности. Особенно важна модель поведения отца для сына, поэтому в 6 произведениях из 7 героями являются сыновья. В проанализированной детско-юношеской литературе 21 в. фигурируют лишь три типа отцов-«нет дома», судья, друг [1]. Это связано, прежде всего, с психологическими особенностями восприятия мира детьми и подростками.

Область применения результатов.

Полученные результаты могут использоваться для внеурочных занятий по литературе в школе, а также при разработке курса «Детская литература» в вузе.
ОБНОВЛЕННЫЙ ЦЕННОСТНЫЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ЛЕКСИЧЕСКИХ ИННОВАЦИЙ
Authors: Yurova Tatyana A.
Published: September 2021

Цель. Данное исследование посвящено выявлению и анализу ранее заимствованных слов, но на сегодняшний момент рассматриваемых в качестве лексических инноваций, которые в процессе исторического развития общества получили расширенное значение наряду с изменением их оценочной окраски.

Метод и методология исследования. Методами исследования послужили метод частичной выборки, сопоставительный и описательный анализ.

Результаты. Анализ текстов масс-медийного дискурса способствовал выявлению заимствованных слов, которые в процессе исторического развития общества расширили значения наряду с изменением старой оценочной окраски. Данный процесс происходит под воздействием необходимости номинации вновь появившихся явлений и жизненных обстоятельств, существующих в этническом сообществе сегодня.

Область применения результатов. Практическая значимость данного исследования заключается в вероятности использования теоретических и практических выводов в лекционных курсах по лексикологии английского языка и спецкурсах по лингвистической аксиологии и дискурсу современных СМИ.
ПОДХОДЫ К ПЕРЕВОДУ ЮМОРА ПРИ АУДИОВИЗУАЛЬНОМ ПЕРЕВОДЕ
Authors: Manik Svetlana A. , Krasnova Anastasia V.
Published: September 2021

Цель. Статья посвящена вопросу перевода юмора в комедийных фильмах с английского языка на русский. Предметом исследования выступают единицы юмора из сериала How I Met Your Mother. Авторы ставят целью изучить вербальные средства и способы передачи юмора при переводе комедийного сериала на русский язык в рамках ситуативной модели перевода.

Методология проведения работы. Перечислив определения юмора и классификации его перевода, авторы создают собственную классификацию способов перевода юмористических единиц, а затем рассматривают особенности перевода единиц юмора в аудиовизуальных текстах на примере сериала-ситкома How I Met Your Mother.

Результаты. Результаты работы заключаются в том, что авторы предлагают собственную классификацию переводческих стратегий при переводе юмора (культурная адаптация, замена, компенсация, дословный перевод, опущение) и применяют данную стратегию при переводе конкретных единиц юмора.

Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в сфере теории и практики аудиовизуального перевода, а также на занятиях по переводоведению.
ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННЫЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ В ЯЗЫКЕ С ТОЧКИ ЗРЕНИЯ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ КОГНИТИВИСТИКИ
Authors: Shmeleva Tatiana S.
Published: September 2021

Статья посвящена изучению реализации пространственных отношений и представлений о пространстве в языке с точки зрения когнитивной лингвистики. Рассматривается специфика формирования в сознании человека субъективного представления о пространственной структуре внешнего мира, пространственных отношениях, анализируются особенности языковой репрезентации пространственных образов.

Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования составляют методы лингвистического описания и концептуального анализа.

В результате проведенного исследования была выявлена специфика формирования представлений о пространстве в языке как процессе и результате познавательной деятельности человека, в результате которой в сознании человека, выстраивается «когнитивная карта», т.е. субъективное представление человека о пространственной структуре внешнего мира, о пространственных отношениях между объектами. Были рассмотрены языковые средства выражения пространственных отношений.

Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в курсах по языкознанию и теоретической грамматике.
ОСНОВНЫЕ ТЕМЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ АСПЕКТОВ СТАРЕНИЯ В ЗАРУБЕЖНОЙ НАУКЕ
Authors: Pashina Lyudmila A.
Published: September 2021

Цель. Цель данной статьи состоит в актуализации социального взгляда на феномен старения. В статье осуществляется обзор современных зарубежных исследований, посвященных анализу социальных аспектов старения. Автор описывает наиболее значимые темы этой области исследований.

Метод и методология проведения работы. Основу исследования составляют общенаучные методы познания (анализ, синтез, логические методы).

Результаты. Теоретическая значимость проведенного исследования состоит в том, что полученные результаты позволяют расширить теоретические представления о социальных аспектах старения. Результаты всестороннего осмысления феномена старения могут способствовать формированию единого геронтологического знания.

Область применения результатов. Практическая значимость данного исследования обусловлена его комплексным характером, что позволяет использовать данный материал для создания курсов социально-гуманитарного цикла (социальной философии, социологии старения, геронтологии, культурологии, психологии старения), а также спецкурсов по соответствующей и смежной проблематике. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы для дальнейшей изучения геронтологической проблематики, исследующей социальные аспекты старения.
REPETIÇÃO SEM REPLICAÇÃO: ADAPTAÇÃO E FOCALIZAÇÃO EM WESTWORLD
Authors: Miranda Allana Dilene de Araújo de , Mousinho Magalhães Luiz Antonio
Published: September 2021

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o seriado da HBO Westworld (Jonathan Nolan; Lisa Joy, 2016-) como adaptação do filme Westworld (Michael Crichton, 1973). A análise irá se deter especialmente nas duas primeiras temporadas, embora faça considerações envolvendo a terceira. Para tanto, iniciaremos com considerações a respeito do gênero da ficção científica, e em seguida, lança mão da teoria da adaptação de Linda Hutcheon (2013), pensando a adaptação pelo seu viés duplo — enquanto produto e processo de criação, relacionando-o à ideia de narrativa complexa, de Jason Mittel (2015). Também traçaremos paralelos com o modelo proposto por Robert Stam (2006), além das considerações discursivas acerca da focalização utilizada no seriado e no filme, baseando-se no modelo de estudo elaborado por Gérard Genette (2017) com complementações de Carlos Reis (2018). Este trabalho também traça alguns dos intertextos encontrados na série, identificando-os como índices que contribuem para a complexificação da narrativa, além de um discurso permeado a diversas referências aos videogames.
MUNDOS QUE COLIDEM: O TENSIONAMENTO ENTRE FANTÁSTICO E O MARAVILHOSO NA SÉRIE FRONTERA VERDE
Authors: MARQUES MARCELO FERREIRA , LEANDRO DA SILVA ANALICE DA CONCEIÇÃO
Published: September 2021

Em direção diversa das narrativas romanescas e fílmicas que em geral tematizam a Amazônia e os povos indígenas a partir do misticismo simplista ou da imagem idealizada do “bom selvagem”, Frontera Verde (2019) é uma produção original da Netflix, em oito episódios, cuja trama, inicialmente policialesca, toma rumos mais profundos, obscuros e instigantes, tendo como cenário a cidade de Leticia, próxima à tríplice fronteira Brasil-Colômbia-Peru. O título da série, que tem argumento de Jenny Ceballos, Mauricio Leiva-Cock e Diego Ramírez-Schrempp, encapsula o estado permanentemente limítrofe das línguas, identidades e poderes encenado pelas personagens. No presente trabalho, pretendemos, num primeiro momento, observar como as cosmovisões presentes em Frontera Verde encenam embates culturais e acionam questionamentos políticos, éticos e estéticos de grande relevância para os tempos que vivemos, quando políticas ambientais, disputas territoriais e ameaças a modos tradicionais de viver com o meio estão na ordem do dia. Tal leitura tomará como subsídio principal o tensionamento dos conceitos de fantástico e realismo-maravilhoso, cujas precisões e imprecisões permitem o embaralhamento das ideias de ordinário e extraordinário, de natural e sobrenatural. Por fim, abordaremos brevemente as relações entre representatividade postulando provisoriamente uma definição com base na discussão de representação e sua interface com o fenômeno on demand proporcionado pelas plataformas de streaming. O aporte teórico se baseia, dentre outros, em Roas (2014), Todorov (2014), Chiampi (2013).
PENNY DREADFUL: NOS LIMITES DA TRANSGRESSÃO DO GÓTICO
Authors: Fernandes Auricélio Soares
Published: September 2021

Do ponto de vista narrativo e estético, muitas séries televisivas da atualidade vêm ganhando reconhecimento crítico e acadêmico. O aperfeiçoamento na criação de personagens, gêneros e inovações nas formas de narrar são alguns dos motivos da persistência cultural nas formas seriais audiovisuais. Nessa perspectiva inserimos Penny dreadful, adaptação seriada para a televisão que utiliza personagens da literatura como metáforas para discutir temas-tabu, como o corpo feminino como via demoníaca, sexo e sexualidade, pecados e monstruosidades. Sendo assim, esse artigo tem por objetivo discutir como esse seriado televisivo retrata os variados níveis de transgressão sexual e psicanalítica. O estudo embasou-se primordialmente na análise do personagem Dorian Gray criado por John Logan para a série. Os crimes, pecados e violação de leis tornam-se evidentes ao longo do seriado e através desses diversos atos de transgressão, o personagem materializa algumas convenções do gótico. Como um ser sobrenatural cujas ações refletem a monstruosidade, o personagem da série televisiva adiciona inúmeros outros sentidos ao texto literário do qual se originou, o romance O retrato de Dorian Gray, de Oscar Wilde. Para esse estudo, recorremos às contribuições dos estudos do cinema, de Marcel Martin (2011) sobre a linguagem cinematográfica, Botting (1996, 2005), Powell e Smith (2006), Hughes e Spooner (2006) e Wheatley (2006), para discutir sobre o gótico e sobre discussões sobre adaptação recorremos à Hutcheon (2013) e Stam (1992) e (2003).
CONTOS DO LOOP E A RESISTÊNCIA À DISTOPIA CONTEMPORÂNEA
Authors: Sasse Pedro , Bomfim Julliana
Published: September 2021

Produções recentes como as séries Black Mirror (Netflix), Eletric Dreams (Amazon Prime) e Years and Years (BBC One) vêm alimentando o imaginário contemporâneo com visões distópicas da sociedade, nas quais ganham relevo discussões sobre a alienação, reificação, controle e vigilância potencializados pela tecnologia. Na contramão dessa forte tendência da ficção científica contemporânea, surge Contos do Loop, taxada pela mídia de anti-Black Mirror por sua abordagem humanizada, sensível e majoritariamente otimista da relação entre o homem e a tecnologia. Outro aspecto importante que opõe essa série a seus pares é a escolha da época em que se passa a narrativa: não no futuro, mas no passado, sendo, assim, um representante contemporâneo da vertente da ficção científica conhecida como retrofuturismo. Através de uma análise tanto da série quanto do livro que lhe serve de inspiração, Ur Varselklotet, de Simon Stålenhag, pretendemos mostrar como o retrofuturismo surge do mesmo contexto de crise que alimenta o imaginário distópico, projetando num passado nostálgico – mas crítico – visões de futuro que não mais encontram paridade com as expectativas contemporâneas.
A ESCURIDÃO NA PENUMBRA DO ABISMO: ESPECTROS DO EXPRESSIONISMO ALEMÃO EM DARK
Authors: Bonsanto André , Da Silva Júnior Stamberg José
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo analisa elementos do expressionismo alemão nas três temporadas da série de ficção científica germânica Dark (2017, 2019, 2020). Para isso, discutimos algumas características referentes à estética estudada em relação aos aspectos discursivos, imagéticos e narrativos que compõem a mise-en-scène e o espaço diegético da série.  Os resultados apontam para um alinhamento entre os objetos analisados no que se refere a pontos como: o duplo, o espelhamento, o fantástico, a manipulação, a ciência mágica e o limiar das águas obscuras do humano.