bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Analysing of Coupled Bending Tosion and Shear-Lag of Curved Box Girder Bridge Considering Prestress and Initial Curvature
Authors: Qiao Jin Li , Jin Yong , Tian Wen Ling , Li Fan
Published: February 2012

Based on the theory of thin-walled curved bar and considered the impact of initial curvature and prestress on the vertical flexure, the shear lag warp displacement function is replenished on the basic deformation of the curved box girder flange plate, for which the longitudinal dispersive function is utilized. According to the energy functional differential methods, the coupled bending tosion and shear lag of elasticity governing differential equations of curved prestressed box girder are deduced with different boundary conditions in considering prestress and initial curvature. The numerical solution is gained by Galerlein method. The calculated value of this article coincides well with the value of the experiment and finite-element method. It builds the theory analysing basic of shear lag effect of curved box girder bridge considering prestress and initial curvature.
Modelling of Carbon Dioxide Diffusion into Surface-Biodeposited Concrete
Authors: Li Pei Hao , Qu Wen Jun , Jin Bo
Published: February 2012

To gain an insight into the protective mechanism of surface biodeposition, a theoretical study of carbon dioxide diffusion through surface-biodeposited concrete is required. The present paper proposes a physical model for surface biodeposition and the concept of water-percolated porosity, and develops a theoretical model to predict carbonation of surface-biodeposited concrete structures. The model describes movement and retention of heat, moisture and carbon dioxide by means of balance equations and diffusion laws. The influences of biodeposition and substrate properties on carbon dioxide diffusion are studied by a finite difference model. Results indicate that carbon dioxide diffusion is controlled by both the biodeposition and the substrate. Biodeposition can significantly reduce carbon dioxide concentration at the concrete surface, but this interfacial concentration increases with time.
The Comparison of Coral Concrete and other Light Weight Aggregate Concrete on Mechanics Performance
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhao Yan Lin
Published: February 2012

The concrete which take coral fragments as aggregate can solve the shortage of building materials in the ocean reef island effectively, The coral concrete shall be classified as light weight aggregate concrete from the angle of the apparent density of building materials, its basic mechanical properties are similar to ordinary light weight aggregate, but there are also significantly different. The different between coral concrete and pumecrete、haydite concrete and the basic mechanics characteristics of coral concrete were study in this paper. The intensity、development of intensity with age、stress-strain relations、failure mode under load were discussed.
The Strength of the Steel Bar Embedded in the Masonry Wall
Authors: Ren Xiao Song , Wang Wei Liang , Zhou Bin
Published: February 2012

The experimental research on the strength of the steel bar embedded in the masonry wall is presented in this paper. Six existing masonry buildings of different construction age are concerned in site test. Only the steel bar with diameter of 6mm and embedded depth of 100mm is selected as the specimen for test. Few cases of damage by the rapture of glue are found. The two failure modes as cone rapture of brick and yield of steel bar illustrate the effectiveness of the embedded steel bar. By the pull-off test and side push test, the strength of the embedded steel bar in the masonry wall is got.
The Finite Element Analyses for Beam Strengthen-Bolt Spliced Connection for Steel Moment Frame
Authors: Zhang Yan Xia , Ye Quan Xi , Wang Lu Yao
Published: February 2012

Two types of beam Strengthening-Bolt spliced connection were analyzed by using ABAQUS. The results showed that Beam Strengthen- Bolt Spliced Connection can effectively make the relocation of the plastic hinge. The plastic rotation and energy dissipation capacity of beam Strengthen-Bolt spliced connection exhibited excellent.
In Situ Study on Reinforced Effect of Silt by Ram-Compaction Gravel Pile with End Expansion
Authors: Ye Chao Liang , Feng Huai Ping , Liu Yao Jun
Published: February 2012

Ram-compaction gravel pile with end expansion is widely adopted in the treatment of silty clay foundations. In this paper, the bearing properties of rammed gravel pile reinforced foundations and soil between piles were investigated by use of static load tests and heavy-duty dynamic penetration test. It is demonstrated that the settlement curves (P-S curve) of ram-compaction gravel pile with end expansion reinforced foundation and soil between piles were monotonic, without turning point being observed. With the increases of pile length, the bearing capacity of pile increases. According to the experimental results from heavy dynamic penetration tests and static load test, the strength of soil between piles is improved, which also have effects on the elimination of the uneven settlements. Comparison the results between heavy-duty dynamic penetration tests and over-heavy dynamic penetration tests shows that the later one is suitable on testing of the soil properties between piles. In addition, from in-situ measurements of uplift deformation of different depths, it is found that uplift behavior occurs with depth more than 0.5m, whit largest uplift value of 21cm. The result provides a reference for the design and construction of rammed gravel pile reinforced foundation.
Accidental Injury Detecting and Warning System for the Maglev Bridge
Authors: Li Fang Yuan , Wu Pei Feng
Published: February 2012

There are many roads crossed the bridge of the Maglev train. Due to overheight or irregular vehicles may bump or scratch the bridge, damage the electronic lines, or even damage the bridge, it is necessary to monitor these vehicles for the particularity of the Maglev transport. According to the possibility of different injury, this paper developed corresponding recognition modes and methods, discussed several early-warning systems and signal transmission mode. After compared some plans, feasible method was tested. After finished the system design and equipment processing and test, the final testing program was verified using the integrated early-warning system according to the field situation, proved the system reliability, sensitivity. The next step research was suggested.
The Pattern Recognition of Structural Damage Based on Wavelet Kernel Function SVM
Authors: Zhang Mao Yu , Li Bo , Wang Yan Ru , Zhang Jian Fang
Published: February 2012

This paper presents the pattern recognition method of structural damage based on least square wavelet kernel function-SVM, which uses limited data about change rate of natural frequency. The method remedies the shortages of traditional methods, which are insensitive to the natural frequency. The result of numerical simulation indicates that the method has favorable recognition precision, better anti-noise capability, and well robustness.
The Material Parameter Identification for Functionally Graded Materials by the Isoparametric Graded Finite Element
Authors: Huang Li Xin , Wang Lin , Chen Yue , Yao Qi , Zhou Xiao Jun
Published: February 2012

A material parameter identification method is proposed for functionally graded materials (FGMs) which are modeled by the isoparametric graded finite elements (IGFE). The material parameter identification problem is formulated as the problem of minimizing the objective function defined as a square sum of differences between the measured displacement and the computed displacement by the IGFE. Levenberg-Marquardt optimization method, in which the sensitivity analysis of displacements with respect to the material parameters is based on the finite difference approximation method, is used to solve the minimization problem. Numerical example is given to illustrate the validity of the proposed method for parameter identification.
Experiment Study on Corrosion Rate of Concrete Specimens Immersed in Sulfuric Acid
Authors: Song Zhi Gang , Min Hong Guang , Zhang Xue Song
Published: February 2012

Concrete degradation in sulfuric acid environment had been widely recognized and the corrosion mechanism needs be further understood. A long time immersion test of concrete specimens in dilute sulfuric acid is carried out. The experiment is designed by uniform design method and through which eight groups of concrete specimens with water cement ratios (W/C) ranging from 0.35 to 0.70 are soaked in sulfuric acid with pH values ranging from 2.00 to 4.00 for 150 days. The pH meter is used to monitor the pH changing of the soak solution. The titrating sulfuric acid is added to maintain the original pH value of the solution and then acid consumption of specimens is recorded. Based on concentration boundary layer theory, a theoretical reaction rate model is proposed and whose validity is proved by experiment. The comparison shows that the theoretical model can well reflect the experimental results in the early phase of immersion and in later phase of immersion, it will over estimate the corrosion speed due to the gypsum layer effect is ignored.
Study on Smooth Blasting of Tunnel in Fault Formation
Authors: Gao Fu Qiang
Published: February 2012

From the characteristics of rock damage, the mechanism of rock blasting into seam was discussed. Based on the joint mechanism of stress waves and explosive gases, the blasting method adopting slotted pipe charge structure in fault formation was studied, and the test results were used in Guanjiao tunnel of Qinghai-Tibet railway. The field tests show that the perimeter hole adopting slotted pipe charge structure improves the phenomenon of over-excavation in fault formation obviously.
Experimental Study on Seismic Behavior of Steel-Plate Reinforced Concrete Shear Wall with Rectangular CFST Columns
Authors: Zhang Jian Wei , Cao Wan Lin , Dong Hong Ying
Published: February 2012

The steel-plate reinforced concrete shear wall with rectangular concrete filled steel tube (CFST) columns is a new kind of composite shear wall. In order to ascertain its seismic behavior and failure mechanism, four 1/5 scale specimens with the same shear span ratio 1.5, different thickness of the steel-plate and different axial force ratio, were tested under horizontal cyclic loading. The thickness of steel-plate in the walls is 2mm, 4mm, 4mm and 6mm, respectively. Based on the experiment, the load-bearing capacity, hysteretic characteristics, ductility, stiffness degradation, energy dissipation capacity and failure mode of the specimens were contrastively analyzed. And the effect of the ratio of height to sectional thickness of steel-plate and the value changes of axial force ratio on seismic behavior of the new shear wall was also analyzed. The result shows that the steel-plate reinforced concrete shear wall with rectangular CFST columns has good seismic performance and important engineering value.
Tracking the Rheological Behavior Change of a Fresh Granular-Cement Paste Material to a Granular Material Based on DEM
Authors: Hoornahad Hooman , Koenders Eduard A. B.
Published: February 2012

The common approach to describe the rheological behavior of a granular-paste material relies on a description of the motion within the frame of continuum mechanics. However, since a granular-paste system cannot be considered as a homogeneous continuous fluid its behavior should not be estimated by common fluid models, such as Bingham or Herschell Bulkley models. Therefore, a continuum approach is not considered the best option to study the phase effects of a multi-phase material and its corresponding rheological behavior. In this particular case analytical techniques based on the multi-phase models are required. A more appropriate approach is to consider a granular-paste material as a two phase model that accounts for the effect of the gradually decreasing the volume fraction of the pasty phase until getting to zero value on the rheological behavior of the material. In this investigation, a cone test is used to evaluate the rheological behavior of a granular mix where a discrete element method (DEM) is considered as a basis of the numerical simulation.
Path Planning for Crane Lifting Based on Bi-Directional RRT
Authors: Wang Xin , Lin Yuan Shan , Wu Di , Zhang Cheng Wen , Wang Xiu Kun
Published: February 2012

Path planning is a key technology in the process of crane lifting, how to work out a safe and efficient lifting path in the complex environment is the core of the crane lifting field. In this paper, a method based-on bi-directional RRT is applied to the crane lifting. The problem description, cost function and security analysis are presented, then a valid lifting path is obtained. Finally, the effectiveness of this method is verified by a practical engineering lift.
Study on the Risk Management Framework of International EPC Cement Engineering Project
Authors: Wang Yi Bin , Lou Hai Jun
Published: February 2012

In view of of the numerous risk events negatively affecting the project schedule, expenses, performances and other expected projectresults in China’s practice in the international EPC cement engineering projects, and their respective causes，this paper conducts a systematic study of the key risk factors existing in construction environment, market operations, and implementation process of projects and proposes the Enginerring Risk Management Information System (ERMIS) of the international EPC engineering projects, together with its construction model, basic procedures, practical functions and applications, and in particular, the risk database to collect and process information about major risk factors, risk events and countermeasure in the cement engineering projects while the expert system will utilize the Risk Database, Integrated Assessment Software and expert intelligence to collect and process dynamic data related to the risk identification, assessment, decision-making and monitoring and control of an intended building engineering projects. The risk assessment model set up in this paper is to consider the implementation of the software in ERMIS to adopt the upgraded AHP-MFCE technology to solve problems related to the total risk evaluation in the engineering project based on multi-empowerment.
A Conceptual Model to Assess the Buildability of Building Structure at Design Stage in Malaysia
Authors: Nourbakhsh Mehdi , Mydin Shaik Hussein , Rosli Mohamad Zin , Zolfagharian Samaneh , Irizarry Javier , Zahidi Mardiyah
Published: February 2012

Buildability is increasingly becoming a major requirement in building construction practice. The aim of buildability is to improve efficiency of the overall building process by developing construction sensitive designs. The objective of this study is to develop a model to assess the buildability of the buildings within Malaysian construction projects. To achieve the objective of this study, a structured interview with an expert panel, including 30 construction professionals, was conducted to compare the common buildability attributes with common construction systems for building structure in Malaysia using analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The proposed model to assess the buildability of the construction buildings was evaluated and the model was amended to fulfill the requirements of the construction industry in Malaysia. Results of this study are useful to evaluate the design of the buildings within Malaysian construction projects, thus saving time, cost, and enhancing quality.
Earthquake Damage Model of Concrete-Filled Rectangular Tubular Column
Authors: Guo Rong , Guo Shuang , Wang Rong Xia
Published: February 2012

Abstract. In order to establish damage model of concrete-filled rectangular tubular (CFRT) column, the paper utilized the cumulative dissipated hysteretic energy through 7 CFRT columns’pseudo static test. Moreover, the earthquake damage model based on CFRT columns has been set up by regression analysis. The damage model offers references for reinforcing the damaged structures caused by earthquakes and evaluating the ability of aseismatic of structures.
Construction of Four-Dimensional Disaster Prevention Space in Hilly Cities
Authors: Qian Si Ru , Li Jia Hua
Published: February 2012

Based on the experience of earthquake, through the search and summary on natural features of the hilly cities , aim at the common problem exist in disaster prevent in urban planning and lost in research, research on the specific construction model and technical methods in four-dimensional disaster prevention space of the hilly cities which possess dynamic and comprehensive.
Realization of Strong Column-Weak Beam Failure Mode for Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubular Frame Structure
Authors: Liu Jing Bo , Li Xue
Published: February 2012

Strong column-weak beam failure mode is considered to be a preferable mode for its large capability to absorb earthquake energy and prevent collapse. However, for composite frames composed of steel-concrete composite beams and concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns, strong column-weak beam design methods are not given in Chinese codes. The column-to-beam strength ratio is one of the most important factors that influence the failure mode of frame structures. Moreover, large axial compression ratio of columns may cut down the actual bending capacity of columns, and thus has an adverse effect upon the realization of strong column-weak beam failure mode. In order to investigate the influence of column-to-beam strength ratio and axial compression ratio on the failure mode of concrete-filled square steel tubular frame structures, pushover analysis of a five-story three-bay composite frames with various column-to-beam strength ratios and axial compression ratios are carried out. Based on the analysis results, suggestions about the reasonable value of column-to-beam strength ratio with different axial compression ratios of columns are given to ensure the realization of strong column-weak beam failure mode for concrete-filled square steel tubular frame structures.
Seismic Performance Analysis of Transmission Tower System Based on MATLAB Numerical Calculation
Authors: Cao Zhi Xiang , Cao Xiu Li
Published: February 2012

Transmission tower line system dynamic response and failure mechanism are very complex under seismic load, the dynamic response and cooperation mechanism of the upper structure, pile and soil of transmission tower line system under seismic load based on the MATLAB numerical calculation method in this paper, and the displacement, acceleration velocity and displacement of axial force distribution of different positions of transmission tower line system are calculated by building transmission tower line of the stiffness matrix, equivalent load node, system quality matrix, motion equation and the upper structure of whole pile of model and with the help of the solution of the MATLAB function. The numerical calculation results show that the soil-consider the upper structure of pile-coordination effects for displacement and acceleration amplification effect are obvious, but the truss of axial force amplification effect is relatively small. Meanwhile, the earthquake action soil pile-between the upper structure are strong dynamic interaction, which provides certain theoretical guidance for recognizing transmission tower line system dynamic response mechanism under earthquake and adopting efficient anti-seismic measures.
Experimental Study on Seismic Performance of Frame Joints Strengthened by Self-Compacting Concrete Considering the Influence of Interface Treatments
Authors: Zheng Jian Lan , Wu Wen Da
Published: February 2012

This paper produced four frame joints strengthened by self-compacting concrete and one unstrengthened joint for comparison. Take MTS servo loading system of static test for the frame joints under secondary load，to study the influence of different interface treatments for the seimic performance. The interface of the four strengthened joints respectively using roughening and grooving with different grooving density. The results of the damage process, strain of the old steel and new steel, the load -displacement hysteresis loops was analyzed，and it was found that the cooperational performance of the old concrete and new concrete was good when using self-compacting concrete to strengthen the frame joints with the interface treatments roughening and grooving. Considering the impact of the interface treatment, the ultimate strength, displacement, and displacement ductility coefficient of the reinforced joints etc. were slightly increased. And the the more the grooving density was, the better the strengthening effect was, which could be considered in the design of strengthening as its interface treatment.
Mix Ratio Test and Basic Property Analysis for Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) Block
Authors: Fu Ze Wu , Zeng San Hai
Published: February 2012

Through the mix ratio optimization test, the appropriate autoclaved aerated concrete block may be prepared for the production demand, whose technical indexes could satisfy the requirement of national specification. Furthermore, in the light of the research on the property of autoclaved aerated concrete block for this mix ratio, the strength of concrete block would decrease with the increase of total porosity among the pore diameter from 0.5mm to 1.5mm. The autoclaved aerated concrete block possessed the strong capability of absorbing water, so the volume water absorption rate increased quickly at first and then went down furiously, which could make the shrinkage of autoclaved aerated concrete block augment because of the decrease of its water absorption rate.
Investigate the Statistical Damage Model of Transversely Isotropic Soil
Authors: Chen Si Yang , Zhu Yan Peng , Li Zhong , Zhang Tian Yu , Teng Xiao Fei
Published: February 2012

The introduction of can reasonable description of transversely isotropic soil micro-element strength parameters - damage variable, according Mohr-Coulomb strength theory and soil micro-element theory of geotechnical failure to obey normal distribution characteristic,the damage variables can true reflection of transversely isotropic soil softening characteristics.Based on the uniaxial stress-strain curve of the geotechnical rupture process of statistical damage constitutive model of geotechnical, statistical damage variable is adjusted, establishing the reflect the complete process of geotechnical failure of 3D statistical damage constitutive model.Model is simple, easy to use, can better reflect the actual.The model reflects the failure process of geotechnical damage not only with geotechnical micro-unit strength changes, and the effect of geotechnical stress state.
Experimental Investigation of Ductility of Reinforced High Strength Concrete T-Section Beams Retrofitted with CFRP
Authors: Wang Su Yan , Wang Ze Yuan
Published: February 2012

The objective of this paper is to investigate the ductility of reinforced high strength concrete (HSC) T-section beams retrofitted with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheet, and to analyse how such retrofitting affects deflection, curvature and energy ductility of strengthened T-section beams. Two series, a total of nine T-section beams-two control specimen and seven strengthened beams were constructed and tested under flexural load. The effect of longitudinal CFRP amount, type of cross-section of specimen, and the location and configuration of U-anchorage on ductility was studied. The influence of distribution of strain and interface shear stress of CFRP sheets on ductility was analysed as well. This paper also proposes the quantitative relationship between CFRP amount and displacement ductility indiced by means of theoretic calculation method. And relevant suggestions for its design and application are also presented.
Review of the Nonlinear Vibration Analysis of Simply Supported Beams
Authors: Sun Wen Bin , He Wei Zhong
Published: February 2012

The research of large amplitude vibration of simply supported beams can be dated back to 1950; many achievements and some evolution were accomplished by many researchers over hundred and fifty years. The development of nonlinear vibration formulations for beams has gone through distinct phases–earlier continuum solutions, development of appropriate forms, extra-variational simplifications, debate and discussions, variationally correct formulations and finally applications. A review of work in each of these phases is very necessary in order to have a complete understanding of the process of evolution of this field. This paper attempts to achieve precisely this objective.
Numerical Simulation Research about Group High-Rise Buildings around Wind Environment
Authors: Huang Ling , Liu Xia Bing
Published: February 2012

Using the common classical turbulence model, k-ε turbulence model which has fairly common usability，CFD simulations for group high-rise building and wind-induced static interference between tall buildings, are conducted. Based on the comparison between the CFD and relative wind tunnel test ,it shows that: the method of numerical simulation have better accuracy, could be used for group high-rise buildings study of static interference.
Reliability Analysis of Concrete-Filled Tube Column
Authors: Liu Lei Lei
Published: February 2012

To improve the accuracy of describing the nonlinear behavior of long concrete-filled tubes (CFT) and make the nonlinear reliability analysis method more valuable for engineering application, based on the response surface and nonlinear finite element method, the reliability analysis model for the nonlinear carrying capacity of concrete-filled steel tube structure is made, with the help of consistent mode imperfection method to consider the initial geometric defects of the structure. After a parametric analysis of the diameter-thickness ratio and the slenderness ratio, the application scope is examined. The numerical results show that as the slenderness ratio increases, the influence of the initial geometric defects on the reliability of carrying capacity increases gradually. It is suggested that when the slenderness ratio is bigger than 15, the effect of initial geometric defects on the reliability index should be included. Moreover, when the diameter-thickness ratio is smaller, influence of geometric nonlinearity on the reliability index of the carrying capacity is obvious.
Research on Serpiginous Bars Connectors of Steel-Concrete Composite Beams
Authors: Li Qing Ning , Zhang Zhong Yu , Jiang Wei Shan
Published: February 2012

This paper mainly presents the research on serpiginous bars connectors of steel-concrete composite beams, which is used in practical engineering in recent years, and this paper also analyzes the characteristic and details of serpiginous bars connectors. According to the shear capacity of bend bar connectors and reversely bend bar connectors,the shear capacity calculation formulas are proposed on condition that frictional resistance on the contact surface have been ignored, which can provide references for engineering design.
Different Design Parameters Analysis of Unbonded Precast Reinforced Concrete Frame Structure
Authors: Han Jian Qiang , Fu Xiu Yan , Tang Jiang Ming
Published: February 2012

This thesis studies deeply the crack development characteristics, failure pattern, hysteresis curve and the displacement ductility of unbonded precast reinforced concrete frame, by analyzing one unbonded precast reinforced concrete frame under low reversed cyclic load test. We build a model using finite element analysis software to the test piece model analysis, the analysis result agree well with the experimental results. So we build finite element analysis models with different design parameters to analysis the impaction for seismic performance. Numerical analysis results can provide a scientific reference for the unbonded precast frame structure design.
New Rock Burst Prediction Method
Authors: Deng Lin , Lv Yan , Deng Rong Gui
Published: February 2012

This paper gives a new rock burst prediction method of potential index, according to the rock deformation and failure of the rock and the relationship between energy transfer, the characteristics of uniaxial compression stress-strain entire process curve. The new prediction method of rock burst of energy with existing method for forecasting index was compared and analyzed. Testing study was made on the typical rocks of rhyolite, from the deep deposit of Niba mountain tunnel, Combined with the actual phenomen of rock burst, the rock burst potential index is verified to be able to show fairly well the rock burst proneness. Finally, a criterion of rock burst proneness is put forward.
A New Method to Assess Ductility of CFT Box Columns with Binding Bars under Axial Compression
Authors: Long Yue Ling , Cai Jian
Published: February 2012

A new method based on material properties instead of experimental data was proposed to assess the ductility of concrete-filled steel box columns with binding bars and those without binding bars. Comparison between ductility coefficients based on experimental data and the calculated values by the proposed method shows good agreement.
A Novel Approach for Evaluation of Stress Intensity Factors Using X-FEM
Authors: Wu Liang , Zhang Li Xing , Guo Ya Kun
Published: February 2012

A new energy approach is proposed by coupling the virtual crack extension with the extended finite element method (X-FEM) to extract the Strain Energy Release Rates and then convert it to stress intensity factors. By means of meshes independence of the location and geometry of the crack, the proposed approach avoids the mesh perturbation around the crack tip to compute the stiffness derivatives with respect to a virtual extension of the crack. In comparison to the interaction integral, this combined method is implemented more easily without the post-processing of the numerical results. The effect of different enriched region around the crack tip on the accuracy of results is discussed. Numerical results presented are in excellent agreement with the available analytical and those obtained using the interaction integral.
Initial Stiffness Analysis of Steel Portal Frame End-Plate Connections Based on Finite Element Method
Authors: Liu Hong Wei , Li Jun
Published: February 2012

Steel portal frame is easy to build,but the connection styles of end-plate have greater influence on the structure. In this paper, The formula about initial stiffness of end-plate connections has been given.The essay uses ANSYS to analyze the initial stiffness of end-plate connections. Several factors have also been analyzed about the stiffness.The conclusion is that the form of end-plate, thickness, bolt diameter all affect the structural deflections.But these reasons couldn’t change the integral moment of the structure.
The Analysis of Structure Deformation Using DDA with Third Order Displacement Function
Authors: Huang Tao , Liu Yi
Published: February 2012

Third order displacement function is introduced into DDA (DDA3O), which can easy to analysis the nonlinear distribution of deformation, stress and strain within a single block. In this paper, additional nodes were inserted on the boundary. So, when large deformation is involved, even the original straightly boundary of block will deform to one formed by curved edges, the simplex integration along the curved edge can increase accuracy and simulation of contact between blocks can be more reasonable. On the other hand，the problem of transferring the initial stress from previous step to next step is difficulty and unresolved problem, because of the strain matrix of high order displacement function involving the unknown variables x, y. A new method presented herein is inherent previous the displacement of block to next step, which is proved right and efficient. At last, some example was calculated to demonstrate the excellent accuracy and efficiency of DDA3O.
Comparisons of EWM and DSM for Load-Carrying Capacity of Cold-Formed Lipped Channel Columns under Axial Compression
Authors: Zheng Song Jun , Yang Yan Wu , Sun De Fa
Published: February 2012

The stability bearing capacity of cold-formed lipped channel columns under axial compression is presented. It is shown that DSM is valid for prediction the stability capacity of cold-formed lipped channel columns under axial compression. The results calculated by suggested method agree quite well with the effective width method in Technical code of cold-formed thin-wall steel structures (GB50018-2002) and the test results are safe.
Influence of Permeated Crystalline Waterproof Materials on Impermeability of Concrete
Authors: Wang Ke Liang , Hu Ting Zheng , Xu Shang Jie
Published: February 2012

Influence of permeated crystalline waterproof materials on permeability and automation healing of concrete was studied by impermeability test methods for two and a few times. Microstructure of concrete was analyzed and characterized with SEM and MIP. The results showed that permeated crystalline waterproof materials had function of durable self-repairing and impermeability of concrete improved with increasing of permeated crystalline waterproof materials. It was because that reaction crystallization of active component in permeated crystalline materials and Ca(OH)2 in concrete filled interfacial of concrete and cement paste matrix. In addition, pore size distribution of concrete with permeated crystalline waterproof materials was so good that there were more content of less harmful and less content of harmful pore in concrete. Therefore, most probable pore diameter of concrete reduced and impermeability of concrete improved.
Analysis on Flexural Capacity of FRP Reinforced Concrete Members
Authors: Li Chun Xia , Ding Zhi Sheng , Yan Shi Lin
Published: February 2012

The balanced reinforcement ratio of FRP-reinforced concrete members and the flexural capacity under two different failure modes (concrete crushing and FRP rupture) are established, based on the analysis on flexural capacity of steel-reinforced concrete members in current concrete code. The effect of material properties on the balanced ratio, the variation of flexural capacity with different reinforcement ratio and a simplified nominal flexural capacity under FRP-rupture failure are derived.
The Discussions about the Relationship between Road Capacity with Building Floor Area Ratio
Authors: Hu Bing , Xuan Deng Dian , Fan Hui Ming , Zhang Zhen Guo , Wu Xin
Published: February 2012

There are relationship between road capacity with building floor area ratio. It can be coordinated that between city planning, construction scheme and road system volume by find out connection of them. This paper will discuss the effect of the road capacity to city planning and building floor area ratio. At the same time it explain how traffic systems engineering infiltrate and cross with the city planning subjects in teaching, further raise students’ interests in the study, reinforce the ability of combining theory with practice, cultivate students’ open-minded and creative thinking by example analysis.
Establishing Urban Expansion Evaluating System in China
Authors: Zhao Cong Xia , Zhou Peng Guang
Published: February 2012

In order to distinguish the rationality of urban expansion, find out the problems in expansion and then guide city's develop healthy, the thesis attempt to establish urban expansion evaluating system. Because there is no definite line to discriminate reasonable and unreasonable land expanding phenomenon, the thesis uses the fuzzy comprehensive evaluating method. The land expansion evaluating system includes 53 indexes covering three levels which are based on expanding way, expanding land benefits and expanding influences. The thesis also introduces the evaluating standard, evaluating model, and the way to determine the indexes' weight etc. The evaluating result may be useful for government department concerned to make or revise the land use planning or master planning.
Best Practice in Low-Carbon Community Planning
Authors: Luo Qiao Ling , Zhan Qing Ming
Published: February 2012

This paper discusses the theory and practice of low-carbon communities. The paper suggests that the following points should be considered when constructing a low-carbon community: (1) mixed-functions; (2) public transport; (3) carbon fixation through forestry; (4) green building design; (5) water recycling; (6) energy-saving building design and the use of renewable energy sources.
Research on Style-Shaping Strategies of Small Towns Based on Style Symbol
Authors: Yuan Qing , Leng Hong , Shi Tuo
Published: February 2012

Small town is a key point in China's urbanization to achieve urban-rural integration. Style is a significant factor to evaluate development. In order to resolve problems, such as lack of protection to historic style, confusion in expression to current style and insufficient in innovation to future style, this article analyzed the connotation, significance and characteristics of style symbol through a comparison with style carrier. Then, it makes a further symbol subdivision according to topography, geology, hydrology, meteorology climate, landscape ecology, as well as history, culture, industry, economic, spatial texture and the community spirit. In addition, this paper proposes strategies on the protection, expression and innovation in style-shaping, hoping to promote further research and practice.
Compound Development Direction of City and Scenic Spot - To Create Wuhan City East Lake Recreation Area's Industrial Economy
Authors: Wen Yi , Wang Xin
Published: February 2012

“Protection is development” is the main development direction which most scenic spots in China tend to while they still lack specific measures at present. The arrival of the tourism and recreation era and the rapid development of city construction in China require specific development direction and systematic implementation measures. Taking Wuhan City East Lake Recreation Area as an example , this paper breaks the usual “protection slogan”, sets up a new space planning pattern based on protection and draws up a compound development direction of city (Wuhan) and scenic spot(East lake area).
The Research on Method of Regional Urban Design Oriented by Gene Recombination Concept
Authors: Xu Yu Hui , Wei Ning , Huang Ying
Published: February 2012

Urban development is a process of continuous growth, in which historic context as a contact clues, has determined the regional expression of the city. Based on the regional context, taking regional city as research object, through analyzing the regional urban design theory development trend and practical problems, this paper tries to introduce the concepts of “gene recombination” into urban design of regional city, and takes the urban design of waterfront district of Yuanjiang county, Yunnan province for case study. It applies the method which expresses the context of “extraction-repair-integration” to reconstruct the regional context from three aspects of natural condition and physical space, social and cultural environment, economic and technical support. And it promotes integrating among regional natural, humanistic environment and material space form, and then achieves the goal of expression and continuation of cities with regional characteristics. At the same time, it would give a inspiring thinking way for the research on regional urban design.
Primary Exploration on the Human Elements of Middle East Railway Residential Buildings
Authors: Zhang Jun , Yin Qing , Zhang Yi
Published: February 2012

This article analyzes from different aspects to probe the various impacts that the dominant human elements exerted on the formation and development of Middle East Railway residential buildings by focusing on illustrating from three aspects, namely the cultural structure and formation, methods of cultural diffusion and cultural symptom.
Call for Humanity - Reflection on Landscape Design of Urban Residence Public Space
Authors: Zhang Xun , Wang Ya
Published: February 2012

Environmental landscape in a residential area plays an increasingly important role. With about two-thirds of the time spent in residence community for city dwellers, residential environment and landscape quality have direct impacts on their psychological, physical and spiritual life. Artistic characteristics from creative design in some public spaces,like walking trails and plazas, where there are a lot of human activities, can give a comfortable, cozy home feeling.
Explored the Fully-Mechanized Caving Mining of Water Flowing Fractured Zone
Authors: Li Qiang , Luo Chun Xi , Meng Ling Hui
Published: February 2012

In one class mining under water, the height of water flowing fractured zone can realize safe mining is the main parameters. This paper is a stage summary and explored in Tiefa coal group Co., LTD. KangPing coal mine about water flowing fractured zone.This template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text.
Research on the Urban Landscape System Planning and Layout Based on the Perspective of Ecological Infrastructure
Authors: Deng Yi , Cai Ling , Gong Zhao Xian
Published: February 2012

As the ecological infrastructure, the development of the ecological function of urban landscapes is determined not only by the reasonable design on its own scale, but also by the interaction of the urban-scaled landscape system. Virtually, the planning and layout of the urban landscape system represent the reasonable position of various projects in the overall landscape structure. The current paper, combined with the landscape ecology theory, put forward the idea primarily determining the distribution of single landscape projects through the priority of single project location, as well as the selection of ecological strategic points. In considering the distribution mode and landscape index, the overall layout of urban landscape system can be adjusted and optimized by consulting the landscape connectivity index, PX, and the nearest neighbor index, NNI. This planning idea is in favor of sustaining and strengthening the continuity of the whole landscape pattern, and maintaining the general ecological security of urban system.
The Anti-Seismic Numerical Simulation for a Multi-Storey Frame with Bamboo Engineering Materials
Authors: Li Yan , Dong Wen Yang
Published: February 2012

Bamboo has many good features, is an ideal material for the construction industry. The numerical simulation of multi-layer seismic frame structure of bamboo by hand shows that, for re-bamboo wood columns, typical of the two failure modes for the transverse deformation is too large can not continue to load and top of the fibers in the lateral pressure exploded; bamboo column can be restored in the unloaded more than 80% of deformation, has excellent elastic recovery; bamboo can withstand the load beam is actually controlled by the stiffness, not strength.
Construction of Green Space System of Disaster-Prevention in Old Districts of Zhengzhou City
Authors: Zhu Li Juan , Jia Yan
Published: February 2012

Zhengzhou is the important traffic and communications center. With the rapid development of economic and increase in population, but the speed of construction on urban disaster prevention and reduction is far behind the process of urban economy. Once the earthquake disaster was happened, the consequences was serious. This paper investigates the construction of disaster-prevention green space in old districts of Zhengzhou city, analyzes the problems in the capacity of refuge and planning layout of disaster-prevention green space, and presents to enhance awareness of prevention, perfect green space system of disaster-prevention, expand the capacity in green space of disaster-prevention and increase constantly input in scientific research.
An Analysis of the Evolution of Nanjing’s Green Space Based on Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Images
Authors: Xu Hao , Qian Gang
Published: February 2012

This paper extracted green space distribution information from multi-temporal LANDSAT multi-spectral remote sensing images to analyze the evolution of Nanjing’s green space between 1988 and 2007. The findings suggest that the current distribution of green space is not balanced and that the total area of green space has decreased over time. The trend towards fragmentation is obvious in the disproportionately large decline in medium-sized green spaces. Mountain forest and other large green spaces, however, have been better protected. Before 1998, the fragmentation was most apparent in the green spaces of the city’s inner circle. After 1998, the green space in the city’s middle circle began to suffer from the effects of severe human interference. After 2003, the outer circle of green space began to fragment and diminish as a result of urbanization, and the original ecological corridor surrounding the city collapsed.
A Selection of Possible Pitfalls on the Usage of Empirical Models in the Rational Seal Design Method of South Africa
Authors: Mwanza Aaron D. , Hao Pei Wen , White Mike H.
Published: February 2012

A large portion of surfaced roads in Zambia have asphalt as part of their pavement structure. Most of these surfaces and to some extent base layers are in a deplorable state. This situation, coupled with unfavorable economic conditions, leaves highway authorities with a huge backlog on highways sustainability. The past practice of “worst-first” is still a common principle other than maintaining pavements earlier in their service life to reduce life cycle costs. In order to include pavement preservation as a pavement network strategy, road surface sealing is adopted. This paper is focused on a selection of possible pitfalls on the usage of empirical models in the rational flexible road surfacing seal design of South Africa, which is commonly used in Zambia. The aggregates, fillers (dust) and bitumen used in surface seal coats vary to a large extent and with the availability of good quality natural materials becoming less, the challenges in providing good quality seal coats are increasing. Since the emphasis is based on failures rather than successes, few answers are provided on the number of questions that usually arise from seal coat design and the aim is to create awareness on some possible pitfalls for using the rational seal design method. The paper emphasizes on design aspects that are not addressed in the Interim guidelines for the design and construction of seal coats in South Africa (Technical Recommendations for Highways (TRH3, 2007)). A few case studies from recent projects in Zambia are also included and evaluated.
Research on the Method of Urban Landscape Ecological Sustainable Planning in the Viewpoint of Deep Ecology
Authors: Deng Yi , Cai Ling , Li Xi Lin
Published: February 2012

Replying for the exigent needs of eco-sustainability in urban landscapes, this paper discussed the research countermeasures of urban landscape ecological sustainable planning from the levels of design philosophy and design method, through introducing the deep-ecology idea and the landscape ecology theory. Furthermore, a framework of ecological sustainable planning method was built up basing on space pattern and ecology-space correlation. This framework which mainly includes five planning aspects is the beneficial progress for the traditional urban landscape planning method.
Research of Wisdom Mode of Construction Program
Authors: Liu Yan'an , Li Ying
Published: February 2012

This paper mainly aims at researching the process of the development and evolution in the practice of construction project. It discusses the static changing process from the aspect of system theory and establishes the framework of wisdom dynamic construction project, providing a new approach for positive development of construction project.
Field Test and Analysis of Swelling Force under Atmosphere Action
Authors: Li Xiong Wei , Wang Yong , Zhang Yong
Published: February 2012

Considering the influence of atmosphere action, field test of swelling force on expansive soil is carried out in Nanning Guangxi. The test sustains a whole rain season. The testing results show that swelling force is closely linked to the process of rainfall. The phenomenon, that long drought turns the rain, induces a sudden change of swelling force. But the persistence of rainfall brings different influence on vertical and horizontal swelling force. The results of field test can provide reference to optimize the engineering design.