bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Bridging Induced Anti‐Salting‐Out Effect Enabling High Ionic Conductive ZnSO4‐Based Hydrogel for Quasi‐Solid‐State Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Xuan , Huang Song , Gao Liang , Zhang Zicheng , Wang Qinyang , Hu Zuyang , Lin Xiaoting , Li Yulong , Lin Zequn , Zhang Yufei , Tang Yongchao , Wen Zhipeng , Ye Minghui , Liu Xiaoqing , Li Cheng Chao
Published: July 2024

Hydrogel electrolytes (HEs) hold great promise in tackling severe issues emerging in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries, but the prevalent salting‐out effect of kosmotropic salt causes low ionic conductivity and electrochemical instability. Herein, a subtle molecular bridging strategy is proposed to enhance the compatibility between PVA and ZnSO4 from the perspective of hydrogen‐bonding microenvironment re‐construction. By introducing urea containing both an H‐bond acceptor and donor, the broken H‐bonds between PVA and H2O, initiated by the SO42−‐driven H2O polarization, could be re‐united via intense intermolecular hydrogen bonds, thus leading to greatly increased carrying capacity of ZnSO4. The urea‐modified PVA‐ZnSO4 HEs featuring a high ionic conductivity up to 31.2 mS cm−1 successfully solves the sluggish ionic transport dilemma at the solid‐solid interface. Moreover, an organic solid‐electrolyte‐interphase can be derived from the in situ electro‐polymerization of urea to prohibit H2O‐involved side reactions, thereby prominently improving the reversibility of Zn chemistry. Consequently, Zn anodes witness an impressive lifespan extension from 50 h to 2200 h at 0.1 mA cm−2 while the Zn‐I2 full battery maintains a remarkable Coulombic efficiency (>99.7 %) even after 8000 cycles. The anti‐salting‐out strategy proposed in this work provides an insightful concept for addressing the phase separation issue of functional HEs.
Stable Meisenheimer Complexes as Powerful Photoreductants Readily Obtained from Aza‐Hetero Aromatic Compounds
Authors: Calogero Francesco , Wilczek Leonie , Pinosa Emanuele , Gualandi Andrea , Dorta Romano , Herrera Alberto , Dai Yasi , Rossignol Arthur , Negri Fabrizia , Ziani Zakaria , Fermi Andrea , Ceroni Paola , Cozzi Pier Giorgio
Published: July 2024

Excited states of radical anions derived from the photoreduction of stable organic molecules are suggested to serve as potent reductants. However, excited states of these species are too short‐lived to allow bimolecular quenching processes. Recently, the singlet excited state of Meisenheimer complexes, which possess a long‐lived excited state, was identified as the competent species for the reduction of challenging organic substrates (−2.63 V vs. SCE, saturated calomel electrode). To produce reasonably stable and simply accessible different Meisenheimer complexes, the addition of nBuLi to readily available aromatic heterocycles was investigated, and the photoreactivity of the generated species was studied. In this paper, we present the straightforward preparation of a family of powerful photoreductants (*Eox<−3 V vs. SCE in their excited states, determined by DFT and time‐dependent TD‐DFT calculations; DFT, density functional theory) that can induce dehalogenation of electron‐rich aryl chlorides and to form C−C bond through radical cyclization. Photophysical analyses and computational studies in combination with experimental mechanistic investigations demonstrate the ability of the adduct to act as a strong electron donor under visible light irradiation.
A Paramagnetic Nickel–Zinc Hydride Complex
Authors: Perez‐Jimenez Marina , Geoghegan Blaise L. , Collauto Alberto , Rößler Maxie M. , Crimmin Mark R.
Published: July 2024

Reaction of a molecular zinc–hydride [{(ArNCMe)2CH}ZnH] (Ar=2,6‐di‐isopropylphenyl) with 0.5 equiv. of [Ni(CO)Cp]2 led to the isolation of a nickel–zinc hydride complex containing a bridging 3‐centre,2‐electron Ni−H−Zn interaction. This species has been characterized in the solid‐state by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. DFT calculations are consistent with its formulation as a σ‐complex derived from coordination of the zinc–hydride to a paramagnetic nickel(I) fragment. Continuous‐wave and pulse EPR experiments suggest that this species is labile in solution. Further experiments show that in the presence of catalytic quantities of nickel(I) precursors, zinc–hydride bonds can undergo either H/D‐exchange with D2 or dehydrocoupling to form Zn−Zn bonds. In combination, the data support the activation and functionalisation of zinc–hydride bonds at nickel(I) centres.
Synthesis, spectral analysis, XRD, molecular docking simulation of dithranol and glycine mixed ligand complexes and their potential role in suppressing breast cancer cells via down‐regulating the expression of protein metalloproteinase‐9
Authors: Abd El‐Hamid Sherif M. , Aziz Safa W. , Sadeek Sadeek A. , Sabry Mohamed A. , El‐Gedamy Mohammed S.
Published: July 2024

Five novel complexes of nickel (II)(1), zinc (II)(2), zirconium (IV)(3), lanthanum (III)(4), thorium (IV)(5), with the dithranol (Dithr) ligand and glycine (Gly) were synthesized and characterized. Their structures were investigated using elemental analysis, molar conductance (Λ), magnetic studies (μeff), spectroscopic methods (FT‐IR, UV–Vis., 1H NMR, XRD), mass spectrometry, TG/DTG and DTA. Findings revealed that Dithr was chelated via two hydroxyl oxygen atoms and carbonyl group while, Gly chelated through carboxylic oxygen and nitrogen atom. All complexes appeared with molar ratio 1:1:1 (M:Dithr:Gly) and were electrolytes with 1:1 for (1), (2) and (3) complexes, 1:2 for (4) complex, and 1:3 for (5) complex according to elemental analysis and molar conductivity data. All metal‐chelates, except Th (IV)‐complex, were confirmed to have lattice water molecules based on their thermal behavior. Average crystalline size of all compounds was calculated using XRD analysis and found in the range 35.50–55.57 nm, indicating the compounds existed as nanocrystalline structure, except zirconium (IV) complex. Then, we studied cytotoxic effects of our synthetic drugs on the survival of an aggressive‐breast‐cancer‐histotype“66cl‐4.” Given its involvement in cancer‐metastasis, matrix‐metalloproteinase‐(MMP)‐9 protein expression was evaluated using western‐blotting‐assays. Th(IV)‐complex emerged as the most effective option in inhibiting cancer‐cells‐proliferation (IC50: 9.39 μM), and suppressed expression MMP‐9 levels by 86%, at 25 μM dose, and drug‐binding‐affinity was interpreted via molecular modeling.
Nanocarriers for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme: A succinct review of conventional and repositioned drugs in the last decade
Authors: Bayoumi Mahitab , Youshia John , Arafa Mona G. , Nasr Maha , Sammour Omaima A.
Published: July 2024

Glioblastoma multiforme is a very combative and threatening type of cancer. The standard course of treatment involves excising the tumor surgically, then administering chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Because of the presence of the blood–brain barrier and the unique characteristics of the tumor microenvironment, chemotherapy is extremely difficult and has a high incidence of relapse. With their capacity to precisely target and transport therapeutic medications to the tumor while overcoming the challenges provided by invasive and infiltrative gliomas, nanocarriers offer a potentially beneficial treatment option for gliomas. Drug repositioning or, in other words, finding novel therapeutic uses for medications that have received approval for previous uses has also recently emerged to provide alternative treatments for many diseases, with glioblastoma being among them. In this article, our goal is to shed light on the pathogenesis of glioma and summarize the proposed treatment approaches in the last decade, highlighting how combining repositioned drugs and nanocarriers technology can reduce drug resistance and improve therapeutic efficacy in primary glioma.
Novel drug design and repurposing: An opportunity to improve translational research in cardiovascular diseases?
Authors: Rodríguez‐Zavala José S. , Zazueta Cecilia
Published: July 2024

Drug repurposing is defined as the use of approved therapeutic drugs for indications different from those for which they were originally designed. Repositioning diminishes both the time and cost for drug development by omitting the discovery stage, the analysis of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion routes, as well as the studies of the biochemical and physiological effects of a new compound. Besides, drug repurposing takes advantage of the increased bioinformatics knowledge and availability of big data biology. There are many examples of drugs with repurposed indications evaluated in in vitro studies, and in pharmacological, preclinical, or retrospective clinical analyses. Here, we briefly review some of the experimental strategies and technical advances that may improve translational research in cardiovascular diseases. We also describe exhaustive research from basic science to clinical studies that culminated in the final approval of new drugs and provide examples of successful drug repurposing in the field of cardiology.
Students with prior anatomy experience start out stronger in medical school gross anatomy
Authors: Louro Marlene D. , Meegan Grace , Rudin Lauren R. , Granatosky Michael C. , Thompson Nathan E.
Published: July 2024

Gross anatomy is a crucial course in medical school; it sets the foundation for future coursework and is highly valued by clinicians. While both medical students and faculty recognize the importance of pre‐medical school anatomy experience, few medical schools require it as a prerequisite. Consequently, medical school gross anatomy courses have a diverse range of prior anatomy experience among students. Prior studies have shown mixed results regarding the impact of pre‐medical school anatomy experience on medical school gross anatomy performance, often using final exam scores as the metric of analysis. In this study, we investigated the relationship between pre‐medical school anatomy experience and medical school gross anatomy performance among students at New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine. We surveyed students from all four matriculated years and analyzed their individual anatomy laboratory exam scores and final anatomy laboratory course scores. We found that students with prior anatomy experience performed significantly better on the first anatomy laboratory exam, leading to an overall positive effect on their final anatomy laboratory score. However, this advantage seemed to diminish in subsequent exams, suggesting that students without prior experience rapidly adjusted to the course challenges. Students with prior anatomy experience felt more prepared for the anatomy course, reported lower stress levels, and believed they had an advantage over peers without prior experience. Our study highlights the importance of pre‐medical school anatomy experience, particularly for early performance in the anatomy course.
Structure Optimization for Cellulose‐Based Separator through Fiber Size Regulation for High Performance Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Li Zhenghao , Lu Zongtao , Zhang Tianyou , Qin Bingsen , Yan Wei , Dong Li , Dong Jie , Ma Chunxiang , Chen Zhiping , Li Wei , Zheng Yun , Zhang Jiujun
Published: July 2024

Cellulose‐based separator exhibits excellent electrolyte affinity, thermal stability, and mechanical strength, which acts as a promising alternative to commercial polyolefin separators in lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Fiber size in cellulose‐based separators plays a crucial role in determining their physicochemical structure and mechanical strength, as well as the electrochemical performance of corresponding LMBs. Herein, the fiber size in cellulose‐based separators was first time regulated to optimize their mechanical stability and the related battery performance. The influences of fiber size in the separator on chemical structure, mechanical properties, surface morphology, electrochemical behavior were investigated in detail, in which the underlying mechanism between separator structure and the related performance was elucidated. As a result, the separator optimized by fiber size regulation exhibited excellent thermal stability under 180 °C, good tensile strengths of 6.0 MPa and Young's moduli of 315.9 MPa, superior room temperature ionic conductivity of 1.87 mS cm−1, as well as significantly improved electrochemical performance of corresponding batteries. It can be concluded that structure optimization for cellulose‐based separator through fiber size regulation is an effective and indispensable approach towards high safety and high performance LMBs.
Science in Community: Anatomy, Academy, and Argument in the Eighteenth‐Century Holy Roman Empire**
Authors: Böttcher Julia Carina
Published: July 2024

Understanding physicians as actors who implemented the early modern ideal of collective empiricism into their practices within the local contexts of everyday life, the paper explores two cases from imperial cities in southern Germany in the 1720s and 1780s in which anatomical studies were contested. By analyzing the strategies and arguments that the two physicians used to justify and continue their anatomical dissections, it focuses on their references to different kinds of (local) community and relates these references to another type of collective: membership in a scientific academy. To examine references to community, it is proposed, offers an opportunity to better understand the spread and practice of the ideal of the study of nature as a collective project and how it was intertwined with concepts and structures of order and society in the Holy Roman Empire.
Tangential flow filtration‐facilitated purification of human red blood cell membrane fragments and its preferential use in removing unencapsulated material from resealed red blood cell ghosts compared to centrifugation
Authors: Gu Xiangming , Palmer Andre F.
Published: July 2024

The biodistribution of many therapeutics is controlled by the immune system. In addition, some molecules are cytotoxic when not encapsulated inside of larger cellular structures, such as hemoglobin (Hb) encapsulation inside of red blood cells (RBCs). To counter immune system recognition and cytotoxicity, drug delivery systems based on red blood cell membrane fragments (RBCMFs) have been proposed as a strategy for creating immunoprivileged therapeutics. However, the use of RBCMFs for drug delivery applications requires purification of RBCMFs at large scale from lysed RBCs free of their intracellular components. In this study, we were able to successfully use tangential flow filtration (TFF) to remove >99% of cell‐free Hb from lysed RBCs at high concentrations (30%–40% v/v), producing RBCMFs that were 2.68 ± 0.17 μm in diameter. We were also able to characterize the RBCMFs more thoroughly than prior work, including measurement of particle zeta potential, along with individual TFF diacycle data on the cell‐free Hb concentration in solution and time per diacycle, as well as concentration and size of the RBCMFs. In addition to purifying RBCMFs from lysed RBCs, we utilized a hypertonic solution to reseal purified RBCMFs encapsulating a model protein (Hb) to yield resealed Hb‐encapsulated RBC ghosts (Hb‐RBCGs). TFF was then compared against centrifugation as an alternative method for removing unencapsulated Hb from Hb‐RBCGs, and the effects that each washing method on the resulting Hb‐RBCG biophysical properties was assessed.
From individual to household decision‐making: A practical perspective on the base of the pyramid consumer
Authors: Lappeman James , Bundwini Nqobile , Chikweche Tendai
Published: July 2024

This paper proposes a new household decision‐making model for base of pyramid (BoP) consumers. Many decision‐making models focus on general consumer behaviour theory, with few focusing on the resource constraints experienced at the BoP. By focusing on the dynamics of household decisions, the data collected bring a unique perspective to BoP consumer behaviour and extend recent work in the BoP domain. The study comprised qualitative interviews with 61 household representatives (representing 233 household members) to explore decision‐making, loyalty, budgeting, shopping and category trade‐offs. The study proposes a household‐focused decision‐making framework, which is far more characteristic of BoP consumer behaviour (as opposed to isolated individual decisions). The proposed framework reveals the impact of situations and financial constraints on BoP household decision‐making and how most households operate in both the formal and informal economy. Family obligation was observed to be a key factor, as well as how functional illiteracy drives brand loyalty but also creates embarrassment. Word of mouth trumps all other sources of information and, due to household complexities, there is significant decision‐maker ambiguity, making it hard to define a target audience with a communication strategy. Brands are important, but fundamental value is still key and there is inexorable monthly variation in finances, making category trade‐offs commonplace.
Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Activities of Indian Bay Leaf (Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.‐Ham.) T. Nees & Eberm.) Essential Oils Collected from Meghalaya
Authors: Kumar Chaudhary Sushil , Kharlyngdoh Evanylla , Shukla Jitendra K. , Bhardwaj Pardeep K. , Thorat Sunil S. , Bhowmick Shovonlal , Sharma Nanaocha , Kumar Mukherjee Pulok
Published: July 2024

The current work investigates the chemodiversity, in vitro antioxidant, α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibitory potential of Cinnamomum tamala (CT) leaf essential oil (EO) collected from different localities of East Khasi Hills District of Meghalaya, India. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis of all the extracted leaf essential oils facilitated the identification of several compounds in a variable range along with eugenol as the major component (74.79–95.12 %). CT8 exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (IC50=11.23±0.27 μg/mL for 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and IC50=21.54±0.37 μg/mL for 2,2’‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS) among all EO evaluated. The results showed that the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values for CT8 were 83.26±1.92 μM trolox/g oil and 70.29±1.90 ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE)/g of oil. α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibition were highest in sample CT8 with IC50 values of 3.62±0.42 μg/mL and 16.29±0.32 μg/mL respectively. Caryophyllene, cyclohexene, 1, 5, 5‐trimethyl‐6‐(2‐propenylidene), germacrene D and eugenol showed strong binding potential toward α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase. It concluded that the chemodiversity and antidiabetic potential of C. tamla oil from Khasi Hills have never been studied. It can be taken as a dietary supplement as an antioxidant and antidiabetic to control blood glucose.
DNA‐Origami‐Armored DNA Condensates
Authors: Yamashita Nagi , Sato Yusuke , Suzuki Yuki , Ishikawa Daisuke , Takinoue Masahiro
Published: July 2024

DNA condensates, formed by liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS), emerge as promising soft matter assemblies for creating artificial cells. The advantages of DNA condensates are their molecular permeability through the surface due to their membrane‐less structure and their fluidic property. However, they face challenges in the design of their surface, e. g., unintended fusion and less regulation of permeable molecules. Addressing them, we report surface modification of DNA condensates with DNA origami nanoparticles, employing a Pickering‐emulsion strategy. We successfully constructed core‐shell structures with DNA origami coatings on DNA condensates and further enhanced the condensate stability toward fusion via connecting DNA origamis by responding to DNA input strands. The ‘armoring’ prevented the fusion of DNA condensates, enabling the formation of multicellular‐like structures of DNA condensates. Moreover, the permeability was altered through the state change from coating to armoring the DNA condensates. The armored DNA condensates have significant potential for constructing artificial cells, offering increased surface stability and selective permeability for small molecules while maintaining compartmentalized space and multicellular organization.
Multimodal Hard X‐Ray Nanotomography Probes Pore Accessibility of Technical Catalysts after Coking
Authors: Weber Sebastian , Karpov Dmitry , Kahnt Maik , Diaz Ana , Romanenko Yuliia , Kotrel Stefan , Haas Andreas , Hinrichsen Bernd , Bottke Nils , Grunwaldt Jan‐Dierk , Schunk Stephan , Sheppard Thomas L.
Published: July 2024

Coking is a common catalyst deactivation route in industrial processes involving carbonaceous species. While coking is easy to diagnose, this is often performed by bulk analysis. Understanding specific symptoms such as pore blockage and obstruction of active sites is especially challenging for technical catalysts and requires a spatially‐resolved approach. Here a combination of ptychographic X‐ray computed tomography (PXCT) and X‐ray fluorescence nanotomography (XRF‐CT) could identify and allocate regions of coke deposition within a technical zeolite‐based propane dehydrogenation catalyst. PXCT is sensitive to the quantitative electron density of the sample, therefore indirectly visualising coke deposition in meso‐ and macropores with 56–61 nm 3D spatial resolution. For more direct visualisation the catalysts were treated with Cu solution as fluorescent marker, whereby complementary XRF‐CT analysis could distinguish accessible and blocked pores based on the presence or absence of adsorbed Cu. This strategy was used to assess coking as a function of time on stream, to evaluate coke removal by oxidative regeneration, and to distinguish the presence of coke deposits separately within the zeolite and binder components. This strategy is applicable to virtually any porous solid catalyst and can deliver previously unknown insights into the common phenomenon of coke deposition particularly in technical catalysts.
Recent Developments in Immobilized Photocatalyst for Hydrogen Production
Authors: Wang Kun , Luo Yixiang , Gu Chen , Zhi Ting , Wang Longlu , Yan Dafeng
Published: July 2024

Solar‐driven water splitting for hydrogen production has emerged as one of the most promising methods for addressing environmental and energy crises. The utilization of immobilized photocatalyst for hydrogen production has attracted significant attention in recent years due to its excellent stability, high photocatalytic efficiency, and ease of recovery and reuse. Hence, a comprehensive review of the development of immobilized photocatalyst appears exceedingly significant. Herein, we initially analyze the advantages of the immobilized photocatalytic system in aspects such as light absorption, photon utilization, and charge separation. Subsequently, we introduce various assembly techniques for immobilized photocatalyst and elaborate on some representative characteristics of this immobilized system. Furthermore, we cite the examples of the application of immobilized photocatalyst in large‐scale hydrogen production to envision its future prospects. Finally, we discuss the remaining issues in this field and outline future directions of development and challenges therein. This review holds great promise for prompting the advancement of immobilized photocatalyst in the field of photocatalysis.
Evolutionary Abilities of Minimalistic Physicochemical Models of Life Processes
Authors: Pascal Robert
Published: July 2024

The ability of living organisms to persist, grow, evolve and invade environments seemingly challenges physical laws. Emerging Autonomous Systems representing autocatalytic cycles constituted of energized components in a state of Dynamic Kinetic Stability feature some of these properties. These simple theoretical models can grow, can be transferred but need an initiation to emerge and can collapse. Moreover, they can undergo kinetic selection in a way consistent with Darwinian behaviour, though they lack the ability to undergo change. The mere existence of these systems and their open‐ended growth potential are proposed to constitute a transmissible factor of a non‐coded kind. The onset and selection of epigenetic factors may therefore have preceded that of genetic polymers. Here is addressed the question of how these systems may arise from the diversity exhibited by abiotic organic matter, sometimes associated with intractable mixtures, which may actually be useful in providing initiators. The Darwinian description of evolution may therefore be merged without critical discontinuity within an origin scenario. Accordingly, such a theory would rests solely on physicochemical laws beginning with the potential of emerging autonomous systems to compete and invade the space dimension, and to further develop along other available dimensions including variability and, possibly, cognition.
Versatile Metal‐Free Arylation of BODIPY and Bis(BF2) Chromophores by Using Arylazosulfones in a Sunflow System
Authors: de Melo Shaiani Maria Gil , dos Santos Thiago , Silva Daniel Gedder , Martins Yugo Araújo , Eckhardt Paul , Lopez Renata Fonseca Vianna , Opatz Till , Protti Stefano , da Silva Emery Flavio
Published: July 2024

BODIPYs have a well‐established role in biological sciences as chemosensors and versatile biological markers due to their chemical reactivity, which allows for fine‐tuning of their photophysical characteristics. In this work, we combined the unique reactivity of arylazo sulfones with the advantages of a “sunflow” reactor to develop a fast, efficient, and versatile method for the photochemical arylation of BODIPYs and other chromophores. This approach resulted in red‐shifted emitting fluorophores due to extended electronic delocalization at the 3‐ and 5‐positions of the BODIPY core. This method represents an advantageous approach for BODIPY functionalization compared to existing strategies.
Parameter sensitivity of a wood chips flow model
Authors: Evysdotter Sofia , Vikström Tomas , Rasmuson Anders
Published: July 2024

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study of the parameter sensitivity of a wood chips model was performed on an industrial impregnation vessel, which is the first step in a continuous cooking system. The solid and liquid phases were both treated as continua and it was found that the continuum model for the solid wood chips phase could capture the previously observed oscillating formation of arches in the contracting part of the vessel, which will occur at different levels of volume fraction depending on the material constants. The parameters that were examined are the solid pressure, permeability, viscosity, and wall friction. It was found that all the parameters strongly affect the distribution of the wood chips in the vessel as well as the oscillation effects, hence also the flow field which is important to accurately predict in order to ensure optimal performance of the impregnation vessel. Thus, correct material data for these types of simulations are crucial to the outcome and should be chosen for the appropriate situation and bio‐material.
En Route to Diastereopure Polycyclic γ‐Lactones by Iridium‐Catalyzed Hydride Transfer†
Authors: Chen Yang , Zhang Jingyu , Wang Yecheng , Du Hongguang , Xu Jiaxi , Yang Zhanhui
Published: July 2024

Comprehensive Summary

The reductive lactonization strategy provides an efficient access to diastereoenriched polycyclic γ‐lactones. However, it is still a formidable challenge to develop an efficient and versatile protocol with excellent levels of diastereocontrol. Herein, we provide a highly diastereoselective and efficient route to diastereopure bi‐ and polycyclic γ‐lactones, by means of an iridium‐catalyzed hydride transfer strategy. This method features high levels of diastereocontrol, broad substrate scope, and high catalyst efficiency (S/C = up to 5000). Mechanistic studies suggest that the iridium hydride formation might be the rate‐determining step, and that the hydride transfer step be the diastereo‐determining step. The large steric hindrance of the iridium hydride species and intramolecular hydrogen bonding are critically key to the diastereocontrol of the hydride transfer process. From the perspectives of configurational analysis and Duniz angles of attack, the nature of diastereocontrol is well rationalized. A more general empirical rule based on facial selectivity analysis for explaining and predicting the stereochemistry is also proposed.
Purchase intention of brands with corporate social responsibility among generations Y and Z consumers in Chile
Authors: Bianchi Constanza , Hofer Katharina Maria , Saleh M Abu
Published: July 2024

Brands around the world are recognizing the importance of committing to sustainable development through corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives. However, the literature shows scant empirical understanding of the purchase intention of younger consumers of Generations Y and Z regarding brands that engage in CSR initiatives. Drawing on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), the objective of this study is to develop and test an extended model of purchase intention for brands with CSR initiatives among the segment of Gen Y and Z consumers. The model is tested using an online survey applied to Chilean consumers and statistically analyzed using the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique. The findings show that attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control are significantly and directly related to the consumer's intention to purchase brands that demonstrate CSR initiatives. Further, consumer involvement and trust in brands' CSR initiatives have an indirect but significant effect on purchase intention through their impact on attitude. This research contributes to the literature on CSR and branding by addressing the role of consumers in supporting brands, which contribute to sustainable consumption. Findings can help brand managers and policymakers implement strategies to encourage consumer support for CSR initiatives.
Selective Multiphase‐Assisted Oxidation of Bio‐Sourced Primary Alcohols over Ru‐ and Mo‐ Carbon Supported Catalysts
Authors: Bersani Chiara , Rodríguez‐Padrón Daily , Ballesteros Daniel , Rodríguez‐Castellón Enrique , Perosa Alvise , Selva Maurizio
Published: July 2024

The oxidation of representative bio‐based benzyl‐type alcohols has been successfully carried out in a multiphase (MP) system comprised of three mutually immiscible liquid components as water, isooctane, and a hydrophobic ionic liquid as methyltrioctylammonium chloride ([CH3(CH2)6CH2]3N(Cl)CH3), a heterogeneous catalyst (either ad‐hoc synthesized carbon‐supported Mo or a commercial 5 % Ru/C), and air as an oxidant. The MP‐reaction proceeded as an interfacial process with Mo/C or Ru/C perfectly segregated in the ionic liquid phase and the reactant(s)/products(s) dissolved in the aqueous solution. This environment proved excellent to convert quantitatively benzyl alcohols into the corresponding aldehydes with a selectivity up to 99 %, without overoxidation to carboxylic acids. The nature of the catalyst, however, affected the operating conditions with Ru/C active at a lower T and t (130 °C, 4–6 h) compared to Mo/C (150 °C, 24 h). The phase confinement was advantageous also to facilitate the products isolation and the recycle of the catalyst. Notably, in the Mo/C‐catalyzed oxidation of benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde was achieved with unaltered selectivity (>99 %) at complete conversion, for five subsequent reactions through a semicontinuous procedure in which the catalyst was reused in‐situ, without ever removing it from the reactor or treating it in any way.
Mass cytometric single cell immune profiles of peripheral blood from acute myeloid leukemia patients in complete remission with measurable residual disease
Authors: Sefland Øystein , Gullaksen Stein‐Erik , Omsland Maria , Reikvam Håkon , Galteland Eivind , Tran Hoa Thi Tuyet , Spetalen Signe , Singh Satwinder Kaur , Van Zeeburg Hester J. T. , Van De Loosdrecht Arjan A. , Gjertsen Bjørn Tore
Published: July 2024

Measurable residual disease (MRD) is detected in approximately a quarter of AML chemotherapy responders, serving as a predictor for relapse and shorter survival. Immunological control of residual disease is suggested to prevent relapse, but the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. We present a peripheral blood single cell immune profiling by mass cytometry using a 42‐antibody panel with particular emphasis on markers of cellular immune response. Six healthy donors were compared with four AML patients with MRD (MRD+) in first complete remission (CR1MRD+). Three of four patients demonstrated a favorable genetic risk profile, while the fourth patient had an unfavorable risk profile (complex karyotype, TP53‐mutation) and a high level of MRD. Unsupervised clustering using self‐organizing maps and dimensional reduction analysis was performed for visualization and analysis of immune cell subsets. CD57+ natural killer (NK)‐cell subsets were found to be less abundant in patients than in healthy donors. Both T and NK cells demonstrated elevated expression of activity and maturation markers (CD44, granzyme B, and phosho‐STAT5 Y694) in patients. Although mass cytometry remains an expensive method with limited scalability, our data suggest the utility for employing a 42‐plex profiling for cellular immune surveillance in whole blood, and possibly as a biomarker platform in future clinical trials. The findings encourage further investigations of single cell immune profiling in CR1MRD+ AML‐patients.
Exploring the Efficacy and Safety of Interleukin‐23 Inhibitors in Dissecting Cellulitis of the Scalp: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Nagshabandi Khalid Nabil , Shadid Asem , Al‐Mashali Mohammed
Published: July 2024

Background

Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp (DCS), also known as perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens or Hoffmann disease, is a rare chronic inflammatory scalp condition with an unknown etiology. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently approved multiple interleukin‐23 (IL‐23) inhibitors for chronic‐plaque psoriasis, and their off‐label use has shown promise in treating various dermatological conditions, including DCS. This review assesses the efficacy and safety of IL‐23 inhibitors for DCS, aiming to support potential FDA approval for severe refractory cases.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted in February 2024 using MEDLINE, PUBMED, and Google Scholar with the keywords “Dissecting cellulitis,” “DCS,” “Interleukin‐23 inhibitors,” “IL‐23,” and “Biologics.” The search focused on identifying studies reporting the use of IL‐23 inhibitors in DCS treatment.

Results

The search identified five cases where IL‐23 inhibitors were used to treat DCS. All patients were male, aged 17–65 years, with multiple comorbidities in four cases, primarily hidradenitis suppurativa and acne conglobata. The IL‐23 inhibitors Risankizumab, Guselkumab, and Tildrakizumab were used, resulting in significant clinical improvement, near‐complete remission, and hair regrowth. Additionally, psychosocial improvements were noted in two cases, with no reported adverse effects.

Conclusion

IL‐23 inhibitors have shown remarkable efficacy in treating severe DCS, with significant clinical and psychosocial improvements and a favorable safety profile. These findings support the consideration of FDA approval for IL‐23 inhibitors as a treatment option for refractory DCS cases, offering hope for patients with this challenging condition.
Applications of Plasma‐Rich Plasma, Exosomes, and Stem Cells in Aesthetics: A Narrative Review
Authors: Ablon Glynis , Smith Zoë Indigo , Munavalli Girish (Gilly)
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Plasma‐rich plasma (PRP), exosomes, and stem cells represent promising new treatments for facial rejuvenation and to enhance other cosmetic procedures. Although these treatments are rapidly advancing, there are no universally accepted treatment protocols for their use. The goal of the following review is to describe some of the possible benefits of PRP, exosomes, and stem cells in aesthetic medicine.

Results

A review of available studies showed that potential uses of PRP include wound healing after facial surgery, facial rejuvenation, androgenetic alopecia, acne scars, striae distensae, and vitiligo. Exosomes may provide beneficial treatment for skin rejuvenation, scar reduction, hyperpigmentation, and hair growth. Stem cells show promise for androgenetic alopecia, scar improvement, and treatment of photoaged skin. These new technologies may be used alone, but are often combined with existing aesthetic treatments.

Conclusion

PRP, exosomes, and stem cells may play an important role in restoring youthful tissue structure and function. Interpretation of some study results is sometimes challenged by the lack of standardized treatment protocols, including routes of application and dosing. When combined with other devices and techniques, results are sometime unclear as to which treatment plays the greater role.
Biometric variability of inflorescence and flower traits among ex situ accessions of the neotropical oilseed palm Acrocomia Mart.
Authors: Meyer Catherine , Hilger Thomas , Kuki Kalcida Naomi , Motoike Sérgio Yoshimitsu , Cadisch Georg
Published: July 2024

The oilseed palm genus Acrocomia is suitable for sustainable oil production in South America. The high phenotypic diversity of wild populations poses a challenge for the delimitation of the genus. Comparing the inflorescence architecture, a first‐order panicle, and staminate and pistillate flower traits could be a valuable tool in resolving the taxonomic disarray. Thus, this study aims to characterize the differences in the inflorescence architecture and floral structures of three common and economically significant Acrocomia species: A. aculeata, A. totai, and A. intumescens. Biometric traits of the inflorescence architecture and floral structures of various Acrocomia accessions in an ex situ germplasm collection in Brazil were assessed. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis based on the Gower distance was used to measure dissimilarities between the individual plants of the accessions. To our best knowledge, this study provides the first evidence of the presence of second‐order rachillae in the genus Acrocomia. Evaluated traits showed a high level of variation within and between accessions, emphasizing the phenotypic diversity of the genus. The accessions of A. totai were distinguishable from those of the other two species by their inflorescence architecture and flower traits. The dissimilarities between A. aculeata and A. intumescens were not sufficient to differentiate both. In conclusion, the quantitative assessment of inflorescence and floral traits is a valuable tool for taxonomic resolution of the genus.
Testing multiple environmental DNA substrates for detection of the cryptic and Critically Endangered burrowing freshwater crayfish Engaewa pseudoreducta
Authors: Dawkins Kathryn L. , Nevill Paul , Chambers Brian , Herbert Shane , Burnham Quinton F.
Published: July 2024

Effective conservation of endangered species depends on knowledge of their distributions, but species detection can often be challenging. An example of this is provided by the Critically Endangered Margaret River burrowing crayfish (Engaewa pseudoreducta), which is highly cryptic. Due to the burrowing habit of this crayfish, detection of this species currently requires a great deal of effort, the results are often non‐conclusive, and, as it involves manual excavation of their burrows, the habitat of this and other species is destroyed in the detection process. In response to these challenges, this study developed and optimized a species‐specific probe‐based qPCR assay targeting the 16S gene region to detect the target species from environmental samples. Three test substrates—chimney pellets (soil expelled by a crayfish as it digs its burrow), burrow scrapes (soil lining the inside of a burrow), and burrow water (water that is filling the burrow space)—were tested from 11 crayfish burrows thought to have been constructed by the target species to see if eDNA could be detected. DNA from the target species was successfully amplified from both chimney pellets (6/11 samples) and burrow scrapes (3/11 samples); however, E. pseudoreducta was not detected in any water samples. As previously stated, sampling techniques to confirm the presence of this species have relied on burrow excavation (resulting in habitat destruction) and were often not definitive; therefore, replacing the traditional survey method with a noninvasive eDNA‐based technique could be of enormous benefit to the management and conservation of this (and similar) species.
The state against the environment? Water management and the regulation of tensions between sectoral policies in France
Authors: Barone Sylvain
Published: July 2024

The effectiveness and efficiency of environmental policy largely depends on how other policies take account of ecological objectives, whether in the industrial, agricultural, urban planning, transport, housing or budget sectors. The state bears responsibility for how these public policies interrelate, including establishing a hierarchy of priority or allowing one area to ignore another. What can we learn about environmental policy from an analysis of the tensions between multiple sectoral policies, and more generally about the state and the political and institutional functioning that shapes the management of an environmental issue? Taking water management in France as a case study, this article argues that an approach focused on the regulation of tensions between various public policies can shed new light on the structural difficulties of environmental policy. It shows how ideas, norms, interests, strategies, professional cultures, and so forth, that underpin public policy outside the environmental field shape the handling of ecological issues. It also highlights the way the state views and handles these tensions between policies through institutional arrangements and socio‐political compromises with influential sectoral actors and social groups.
Impact of left atrial strain on clinical outcomes in patients with permanent pacemaker implantation
Authors: Yoshioka Goro , Yamaguchi Takanori , Tanaka Atsushi , Sakai Hikari , Koyamatsu Junji , Umeki Toshiharu , Kaneta Kohei , Sakamoto Yoshiko , Kawaguchi Atsushi , Node Koichi
Published: July 2024

Aims

This study aimed to investigate the clinical impact of pre‐procedural left atrial strain (LAS) in patients undergoing permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI).

Methods and Results

This single‐centre retrospective study enrolled 434 patients who were admitted for transvenous PPI between 2010 and 2020. After excluding patients with persistent atrial fibrillation, PPI for complete atrioventricular block, severe valvular disease, history of open‐heart surgery and those without LAS data, 172 patients were analysed. The LAS was measured using commercially available software to calculate the average strain value of the apical four‐ and two‐chamber views before PPI. The primary composite endpoint was hospitalization due to heart failure or cardiovascular death. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate risk factors for the primary composite endpoint. The mean patient age was 78 ± 8 years, and 42% of the patients were men. PPI was performed for sick sinus syndrome in 64% and second‐degree atrioventricular block in 36% of the patients. The pre‐procedure left atrial reservoir strain (LASr) was 28 ± 11%. The median follow‐up period was 4.7 years, and the primary endpoint was observed in 23 (13%) patients. In multivariate Cox proportional risk analysis, LASr was independently associated with the primary composite endpoint (hazard ratio, 1.08 per 1% decrease; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.15; P = 0.007). The receiver operating characteristic curve of the LASr for the primary composite endpoint showed a cutoff value of 21% (area under the curve 0.657, P = 0.004). The prognostic impact of LASr was consistent with that of sick sinus syndrome and atrioventricular block.

Conclusions

A decreased pre‐procedure LASr was associated with long‐term adverse outcomes after PPI use.
Prognostic implications of genotype findings in non‐ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Anastasiou Vasileios , Papazoglou Andreas S. , Gossios Thomas , Zegkos Thomas , Daios Stylianos , Moysidis Dimitrios V. , Koutsiouroumpa Ourania , Parcharidou Despoina , Tziomalos Georgios , Katranas Sotiris , Rouskas Pavlos , Didagelos Matthaios , Karamitsos Theodoros , Ziakas Antonios , McKenna William J. , Kamperidis Vasileios , Efthimiadis Georgios K.
Published: July 2024

Aims

Evidence on the relative impact of diverse genetic backgrounds associated with non‐ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains contradictory. This study sought to synthesize the available data regarding long‐term outcomes of different gene groups in DCM.

Methods and results

Electronic databases were systematically screened to identify studies reporting prognostic data on pre‐specified gene groups. Those included pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants, truncating titin variants (TTNtv), lamin A/C variants (LMNA), and desmosomal proteins. Outcomes were divided into composite adverse events (CAEs), malignant ventricular arrhythmic events (MVAEs) and heart failure events (HFEs). A total of 26 studies (n = 7255) were included in the meta‐analysis and 6791 patients with genotyped DCM were analysed. Patients with P/LP variants had a higher risk for CAEs (odds ratio [OR] 2.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.67–2.65), MVAEs (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.52–2.26), and HFEs (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.08–3.73) than genotype‐negative patients. The presence of TTNtv was linked to a higher risk for CAEs (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.20–2.63), but not MVAEs or HFEs. LMNA and desmosomal groups suffered a higher risk for CAEs, MVAEs, and HFEs compared to non‐LMNA and non‐desmosomal groups, respectively. When genes were indirectly compared, the presence of LMNA resulted in a more detrimental effect that TTNtv, with respect to all composite outcomes but no significant difference was found between LMNA and desmosomal genes. Desmosomal genes harboured a higher risk for MVAEs compared to TTNtv.

Conclusions

Different genetic substrates associated with DCM result in divergent natural histories. Routine utilization of genetic testing should be employed to refine risk stratification and inform therapeutic strategies in DCM.
Optimizing Graphene Anode Performance in Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Investigating the Effects of Diverse Thermal Conditions
Authors: Ng Zen Ian , Leong Yien Leng , Lim Hong Ngee , Chong Woon Gie , Huang Nay Ming
Published: July 2024

Herein, the graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) anode is prepared using a facile, chemical‐free, and scalable approach that combines probe sonication and microwave treatment in an argon condition. The resulting GNPs exhibit a significant number of structural defects (ID/IG: 0.262), which provide abundant active sites to store lithium ions and offer sufficient pathways for the quick transfer of lithium ions and electrons. In lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), the GNPs anode exhibits an outstanding electrochemical performance, achieving a high reversible 414 mAh g−1 capacity at the high current density of 1 A g−1 after 350 cycles. The anode maintains desirable capacities of 167 and 150 mAh g−1 even at elevated current densities of 4 and 5 A g−1, respectively. Importantly, it exhibits remarkable cycling performance with more than 100% of the initial reversible capacity retention after 350 cycles. The outcomes show noticeably enhanced performance characteristics, suggesting the potential for developing microwave‐treated graphene anode for long‐lasting and high‐performance LIBs.