bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social validity of telepractice in early intervention: Effectiveness of family‐centered practices
Authors: Martínez‐Rico Gabriel , García‐Grau Pau , Cañadas Margarita , González‐García Rómulo J.
Published: January 2023

Objective

The present study evaluates the impact of family‐centered practices on families' ratings of social validity of telepractice in 659 Spanish families in early childhood intervention (ECI) services.

Background

The integration of telepractice in ECI services has been accelerated by the social and health situation caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Until then, telepractice was a well‐known but scarcely used resource in early intervention. Social validity assessments are critical for telepractice because services are focused on supporting primary caregivers. Social validity, therefore, refers to whether the intervention approach and outcomes match the needs of children and families, allowing for improved planning, implementation, and evaluation of early intervention programs.

Method

A survey‐based cross‐sectional study on families' ratings of social validity was carried out. A structural equations model was performed in order to assess the influence of families' ratings of the social validity of telepractice. The model analyzed a mediation through latent variables: family‐centered practices (X), fit of services to family needs (M), and social validity of telepractice (Y).

Results

Our study shows an overall good perception of social validity of telepractice by families. Focusing on family needs and priorities and professionals encouraging families to have an active role completely mediates the relationship between family‐centered practices and family social validity scores. No differences in telepractice modalities were found.

Conclusions and Implications

A family‐centered approach to telepractice in ECI is needed, not only for greater social validity, but also for improved child and family outcomes, especially when services support real family needs and priorities.
Examining novice language teachers' reflections in an online community of practice
Authors: Urzúa Alfredo , Asención‐Delaney Yuly
Published: January 2023

Reflective thinking, which constitutes an important goal in language teacher education, can be fostered by participating in online communities of practice. This study explored types of reflective discourse generated by novice Spanish language teachers, and associated themes and categories, as they participated in a weekly blog and a video‐conferencing session. Types focused on descriptive versus critical reflections, while categories comprised teacher‐, learner‐, and context‐oriented themes. Blog posts, comments to posts, and video‐conference transcripts were analyzed using a mixed‐methods approach that included a corpus‐based analysis and a content discourse analysis. The results show that critical, teacher‐oriented reflections predominated in the data. This points to the benefits of engaging novice teachers in an online community of practice in terms of promoting more critical reflections during their initial teacher education, as well as the challenges inherent on expanding the focus of reflections on students' learning.
Inflammatory and differentiation cellular response to calcium silicate cements: An in vitro study
Authors: Alqassab Fadela , Atmeh Amre R. , Aldossary Nada , Alzahrani Nada , Madi Marwa , Omar Omar
Published: January 2023

Aim

Inflammatory‐regenerative cell interaction is believed to mediate hard tissue formation. This study aimed to investigate the interaction between human inflammatory monocytes with human regenerative fibroblasts after exposure to different calcium silicate materials.

Methodology

Human monocytes were cultured on three materials, polystyrene (PS), mineral trioxide aggregates (MTA) and biodentine (BD), in the presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Half of the monocyte‐conditioned media (MoCM) of each group was used to analyse inflammatory cytokine secretion, namely TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐1RA and IL‐6. The remaining MoCM was used to culture recipient fibroblasts, measuring the cell number (proliferation) and levels of alkaline phosphatase (differentiation) and lactic acid dehydrogenase (cytotoxicity).

Results

In absence of LPS, MTA was associated with higher secretion of TNF‐α and lower secretion of IL‐1β, while BD triggered higher secretions of both cytokines when both materials were compared to control (PS). When LPS was added, higher levels of all analysed cytokines were observed in the PS and BD groups, whereas for the MTA group, only TNF‐α and IL‐6 were increased. Fibroblasts responded differently to the MoCM from the different groups, revealing significant increases in proliferation and differentiation capacities, particularly when cultured in CM from monocytes exposed to MTA. The morphological evaluation revealed different patterns of fibroblast shape and spread in the different MoCM groups.

Conclusion

Calcium silicate materials modulate the monocyte inflammatory response, which subsequently induce differential effects on the recipient fibroblasts. MTA appears to promote the secretion of prodifferentiation signals from the monocytes, which are received by fibroblasts, promoting their proliferation and differentiation. The model represents a promising tool to evaluate the interaction of different cells in response to different materials.
Complement‐dependent loss of inhibitory synapses on pyramidal neurons following Toxoplasma gondii infection
Authors: Carrillo Gabriela L. , Su Jianmin , Cawley Mikel L. , Wei Derek , Gill Simran K. , Blader Ira J. , Fox Michael A.
Published: January 2023

The apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii has developed mechanisms to establish a central nervous system infection in virtually all warm‐blooded animals. Acute T. gondii infection can cause neuroinflammation, encephalitis, and seizures. Meanwhile, studies in humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents have linked chronic T. gondii infection with altered behavior and increased risk for neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. These observations and associations raise questions about how this parasitic infection may alter neural circuits. We previously demonstrated that T. gondii infection triggers the loss of inhibitory perisomatic synapses, a type of synapse whose dysfunction or loss has been linked to neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. We showed that phagocytic cells (including microglia and infiltrating monocytes) contribute to the loss of these inhibitory synapses. Here, we show that these phagocytic cells specifically ensheath excitatory pyramidal neurons, leading to the preferential loss of perisomatic synapses on these neurons and not those on cortical interneurons. Moreover, we show that infection induces an increased expression of the complement C3 gene, including by populations of these excitatory neurons. Infecting C3‐deficient mice with T. gondii revealed that C3 is required for the loss of perisomatic inhibitory synapses. Interestingly, loss of C1q did not prevent the loss of perisomatic synapses following infection. Together, these findings provide evidence that T. gondii induces changes in excitatory pyramidal neurons that trigger the selective removal of inhibitory perisomatic synapses and provide a role for a nonclassical complement pathway in the remodeling of inhibitory circuits in the infected brain.

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Amaranth cystatin inhibits the growth of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.) pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Manzo‐Valencia María Karina , Cervantes‐Juan María Magdalena , Mozqueda‐Cervantes María del Socorro , Olalde‐Portugal Víctor , Arias‐Padró María Dolores , Valdés‐Rodríguez Silvia
Published: January 2023

Head soft rot is the major disease of broccoli caused by Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pectobacterium carotovorum (formerly Erwinia carotovora). However, in the present work, Pseudomonas sp. was isolated along with Pantoea agglomerans and Serratia liquefaciens, from broccoli heads with disease symptoms. Different phytopathogenic assays confirmed the ability of the isolated Serratia liquefaciens strain to produce soft rot disease in stems and florets of broccoli. This study also investigated the effect of an amaranth cystatin (AhCPI) on the growth of these three bacterial pathogens and on the development of soft rot symptoms in broccoli. AhCPI significantly reduced the severity of head soft rot symptoms caused by Pseudomonas sp., and S. liquefaciens in vitro. Bacterial growth inhibition increased with the increase in AhCPI concentration. In the same way, it was demonstrated that the application of AhCPI (10 or 20 μM) on florets of broccoli with soft rot symptoms significantly reduced the severity of disease caused by S. liquefaciens or Pseudomonas sp. Our results suggest that S. liquefaciens can produce head soft rot in florets of broccoli and AhCPI could be a new sustainable alternative for the control of head soft rot disease in broccoli.
The relationship between chronotype, dispositional mindfulness and suicidal ideation among medical students: mediating role of anxiety, insomnia and social dysfunction
Authors: Nowakowska‐Domagała Katarzyna , Podlecka Marlena , Sadowski Karol , Pietras Tadeusz , Mokros Łukasz
Published: January 2023

The aim of the study was to assess whether chronotype and subjective amplitude may predict suicidal ideation independently of mindfulness, and whether anxiety/insomnia and social dysfunction may be mediators of the relationship between chronotype and suicidal thoughts among medical students. The study group comprised 600 students of the medical faculties (191 men and 409 women), with a mean (SD, range) age of 21.94 (1.81, 18–31) years. The participants completed the Chronotype Questionnaire, the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐28). Two items from GHQ‐28 depression scale were extracted to measure suicidal ideation. The FFMQ score correlated negatively with the suicidal ideation score. The total effect of chronotype was insignificant when controlled for FFMQ. In the case of indirect effects, subjective amplitude score predicted suicidal ideation via both anxiety/insomnia and social dysfunction scores. The FFMQ score predicted suicidal ideation only via the social dysfunction scale. The direct effect of subjective amplitude was insignificant. Our findings indicate that the flexibility (or rigidity) of circadian rhythm may be linked to the intensity of experienced suicidal ideation, but only via anxiety/insomnia and social dysfunction, independently of mindfulness and morningness–eveningness.
ZmSIZ1a and ZmSIZ1b play an indispensable role in resistance against Fusarium ear rot in maize
Authors: Liao Xinyang , Sun Juan , Li Quanquan , Ding Wenyan , Zhao Binbin , Wang Baobao , Zhou Shaoqun , Wang Haiyang
Published: January 2023

Fusarium ear rot (FER) is a destructive fungal disease of maize caused by Fusarium verticillioides. FER resistance is a typical complex quantitative trait controlled by micro‐effect genes, leading to difficulty in identifying the host resistance genes. SIZ1 encodes a SUMO E3 ligase regulating a wide range of plant developmental processes and stress responses. However, the function of ZmSIZ1 remains poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that ZmSIZ1a and ZmSIZ1b possess SUMO E3 ligase activity, and that the Zmsiz1a/1b double mutant, but not the Zmsiz1a or Zmsiz1b single mutants, exhibits severely impaired resistance to FER. Transcriptome analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in plant disease resistance‐related pathways, especially in plant–pathogen interaction, MAPK signalling, and plant hormone signal transduction. Thirty‐five candidate genes were identified in these pathways. Furthermore, the integration of the transcriptome and metabolome data revealed that the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway was induced by F. verticillioides infection, and that accumulation of flavone and flavonol was significantly reduced in the Zmsiz1a/1b double mutant. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that ZmSIZ1a and ZmSIZ1b play a redundant, but indispensable role against FER, and provide potential new gene resources for molecular breeding of FER‐resistant maize cultivars.
The R2R3‐MYB‐SG7 transcription factor CaMYB39 orchestrates surface phenylpropanoid metabolism and pathogen resistance in chickpea
Authors: Saxena Samiksha , Pal Lalita , Naik Jogindra , Singh Yeshveer , Verma Praveen Kumar , Chattopadhyay Debasis , Pandey Ashutosh
Published: January 2023

Flavonoids are important plant pigments and defense compounds; understanding the transcriptional regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis may enable engineering crops with improved nutrition and stress tolerance. Here, we characterize R2R3‐MYB domain subgroup 7 transcription factor CaMYB39, which regulates flavonol biosynthesis primarily in chickpea trichomes.

CaMYB39 overexpression in chickpea was accompanied by a change in flux availability for the phenylpropanoid pathway, particularly flavonol biosynthesis. Lines overexpressing CaMYB39 showed higher isoflavonoid levels, suggesting its role in regulating isoflavonoid pathway. CaMYB39 transactivates the transcription of early flavonoid biosynthetic genes (EBG). FLAVONOL SYNTHASE2, an EBG, encodes an enzyme with higher substrate specificity for dihydrokaempferol than other dihydroflavonols explaining the preferential accumulation of kaempferol derivatives as prominent flavonols in chickpea.

Interestingly, CaMYB39 overexpression increased trichome density and enhanced the accumulation of diverse flavonol derivatives in trichome‐rich tissues. Moreover, CaMYB39 overexpression reduced reactive oxygen species levels and induced defense gene expression which aids in partially blocking the penetration efficiency of the fungal pathogen, Ascochyta rabiei, resulting in lesser symptoms, thus establishing its role against deadly Ascochyta blight (AB) disease.

Overall, our study reports an instance where R2R3‐MYB‐SG7 member, CaMYB39, besides regulating flavonol biosynthesis, modulates diverse pathways like general phenylpropanoid, isoflavonoid, trichome density, and defense against necrotrophic fungal infection in chickpea.
Effects of non‐invasive vagus nerve stimulation on cognitive and autonomic correlates of perseverative cognition
Authors: De Smet Stefanie , Ottaviani Cristina , Verkuil Bart , Kappen Mitchel , Baeken Chris , Vanderhasselt Marie‐Anne
Published: January 2023

Perseverative cognitions can provoke psychophysiological stress in the absence of an actual stressor and are considered important transdiagnostic vulnerability factors for several (mental) health issues. These stress‐related cognitive processes are reflected by both cognitive (assessed by self‐reports) and autonomic inflexibility (assessed by heart rate variability; HRV), with a key role attributed to the vagus nerve. Interestingly, modulation of the afferent branches of the vagus can be achieved with transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS), a non‐invasive technique that employs a low‐intensity electrical current applied to the ear. In a sample of healthy individuals, we investigated the effects of taVNS of the left concha, compared to sham (earlobe) stimulation, on the cognitive and autonomic correlates of perseverative cognition following a psychosocial stress task. Interestingly, taVNS significantly reduced cognitive rigidity, reflected by reduced subjective perseverative thinking after psychosocial stress. Although there were no direct effects on autonomic correlates of perseverative cognition, individual differences in perseverative thinking after the stressor significantly affected the effects of taVNS on HRV. Specifically, more autonomic inflexibility during the stress task (i.e., reduced HRV) was associated with increases in perseverative thinking afterward for the sham condition, but not the active taVNS condition. Additional exploratory analyses revealed no significant moderation of stimulation intensity. Overall, the study findings endorse the association between perseverative cognitions and vagus nerve functioning.
Anticipatory Economic Stressors: Perceived and Potential Sources of Economic Disadvantage for LGBTQ Adults
Authors: Bosley‐Smith Emma R.
Published: January 2023

This article examines anticipatory economic stress—or the stress of future economic crises or events that may negatively impact material well‐being—for LGBTQ adults. Using qualitative interview data from 76 LGBTQ adults, three main sources of anticipatory economic stress emerged: the family, the workplace, and health care. Following an intersectionality framework, these anticipatory economic stressors are experienced differently across gender and racial lines, heightening anticipatory economic stress for LGBTQ people of color and transgender respondents. This article has significant implications for understanding the role of future economic stress in the present and provides important insight into what specific forms of anticipatory economic stress that shape the lives of LGBTQ individuals.
XFEM Analysis of Strain Rate Dependent Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured 17-4 Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel
Authors: Kalita B. , Jayaganthan R.
Published: January 2023

Additively manufactured (AM) specimens of 17-4 precipitation hardening (PH) stainless steel (SS) corresponding to the three-point bend test, compact tension test, and single edge cracks were analyzed using the extended finite element method (XFEM) approach. A two-dimensional and three-dimensional elastic-plastic simulation were conducted using “abaqus 6.14” software based on the experimental results and validated with the simulation results. In XFEM, the partition of unity was used to model a crack in the standard finite element mesh. Based on simulation results, the present study compares the mechanical properties of AM 17-4 PH stainless steel samples with those of wrought 17-4 PH samples. Stress intensity factor and J integral were used to measure fracture toughness of the specimens. The change in fracture toughness with strain rate was evaluated by simulating two-dimensional compact tension specimens. The presence of defects such as pores resulting from entrapped gas, un-melted regions, and powder particles resulting from lack of fusion were the main reasons for lower elongation to failure of laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) produced 17-4 PH SS reported in the literature.
Thermodynamic Optimization of Utilization of LiBr + LiCl/H2O Solution Mixture on a Single-Effect Absorption Chiller Driven by Solar Energy
Authors: Aktemur Cenker , Ozturk İlhan Tekin
Published: January 2023

The interest in absorption chillers for air conditioning applications has increased recently due to the negligible electricity requirement. Especially in Turkey, where the potential of renewable energy sources such as solar energy is high, it is possible to achieve significant energy savings by utilizing absorption chillers. This study presents comprehensive energy and exergy analyses of a solar-driven single-effect absorption chiller with LiBr + LiCl/H2O (mass ratio 2:1) solution mixture. Thermodynamic optimization is carried out for the first time in this study to determine the optimum generator temperature using different absorber and condenser temperatures to maximize exergy efficiency of the absorption chiller. Also, generator temperature ranges for each absorber and condenser level are determined in this study so that the chiller using solution mixture can operate without crystallization. The coefficient of performance, total exergy destruction rate, and exergy efficiency of solar-driven absorption chiller for solar collector area of 194 m2 under a certain optimized operating condition are 0.402, 113.63 kW, and 1.255%, respectively. Thanks to an alternative solution mixture compared to LiBr/H2O, the effective thermodynamic parameters can be improved and become more advantageous. The comparison results demonstrated that the thermodynamic performance of the system not only increased but also the thermal capacities and collector area decreased.
Simplified Calculation of Recess Pressure Considering the Hydrodynamic Effect
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Jiang Sen , Huang Jiuqi , Xiong Wencai , Hu Jingwei , Meng Zhaozhe , Kouediatouka Ange Nsilani , Dong Guangneng
Published: January 2023

The hydrostatic journal bearing’s recess pressure is to be determined using a novel approach. This method treats the circumferential bearing lands on both sides of recesses as infinitely long bearings, and the axial bearing lands on both sides of recesses as infinitely short bearings. The Newton–Cotes integral formula is used to solve the definite integration. By this simplification, a new analytical expression of recess pressure considering the hydrodynamic effect on bearing land is obtained. The recess pressure versus eccentricity, supply oil pressure, recess wrap angle, and attitude angle solved by the new method is compared with that calculated by the finite difference method and Liang’s method from two kinds of four-recess hydrostatic journal bearing compensated by capillary restrictor. The results indicate that the new process has high accuracy and its precision is not almost affected by the parameters change. Moreover, the new method has low time consumption.
An Engineering Approach for Estimating the Radiation Efficiency of Orthogonally Stiffened Plates
Authors: Knuth Christopher , Squicciarini Giacomo , Thompson David
Published: January 2023

A systematic investigation of the sound radiation of orthogonally stiffened plates is presented using a numerical procedure that combines the finite element method with the Rayleigh integral. Results are computed for stiffened plates with different numbers of stiffeners, stiffener depth, and plate thickness to investigate the dependence on the most important parameters. Differences between the radiation efficiency of stiffened plates and unstiffened panels are seen. In the monopole region, the result depends on the mode that dominates the response. For excitation within a bay, the radiation efficiency is reduced to that of the single bay if the stiffeners are stiff enough. If excited on a stiffener, the plate tends to radiate sound over its full surface area. In the short-circuiting region, on average, the radiation efficiency is equal to that of a smaller bay-sized panel with clamped edges, regardless of the excitation position. Results from the systematic study of 120 numerical cases are used to develop asymptotic formulae for the radiation efficiency of stiffened plates based on existing formulae for unstiffened panels. For all tested configurations, the average difference between the formulae and the numerical calculations was 0.3 dB over the whole frequency spectrum, with a standard deviation of ± 1.5 dB. Between the frequency bands, the mean value varied between −2 and 3 dB, with a standard deviation of up to ± 1.5 dB in the monopole region and up to ± 5 dB in the short-circuiting region.
Accelerating Hybrid Systems Differential Dynamic Programming
Authors: Nganga John N. , Wensing Patrick M.
Published: January 2023

This letter presents approaches that reduce the computational demand of including second-order dynamics sensitivity information into optimization algorithms for robots in contact with the environment. A full second-order differential dynamic programming (DDP) algorithm is presented where all the necessary dynamics partial derivatives are computed with the same complexity as DDP’s first-order counterpart, the iterative linear quadratic regulator (iLQR). Compared to linearized models used in iLQR, DDP more accurately represents the dynamics locally, but it is not often used since the second-order partials of the dynamics are tensorial and expensive to compute. This work illustrates how to avoid the need for computing the derivative tensor by instead leveraging reverse-mode accumulation of derivatives, extending previous work for unconstrained systems. We exploit the structure of the contact-constrained dynamics in this process. The performance of the proposed approaches is benchmarked with a simulated model of the MIT Mini Cheetah executing a bounding gait.
Low-energy scattering parameters: A theoretical derivation of the effective range and scattering length for arbitrary angular momentum
Authors: Pera Jordi , Boronat Jordi
Published: January 2023

The most important parameters in the study of low-energy scattering are the s-wave and p-wave scattering lengths and the s-wave effective range. We solve the scattering problem and find two useful formulas for the scattering length and the effective range for any angular momentum, as long as the Wigner threshold law holds. Using that formalism, we obtain a set of useful formulas for the angular-momentum scattering parameters of four different model potentials: hard-sphere, soft-sphere, spherical well, and well-barrier potentials. The behavior of the scattering parameters close to Feshbach resonances is also analyzed. Our derivations can be useful as hands-on activities for learning scattering theory.
Low-cost quadrature optical interferometer
Authors: Melody Tanner M. , Patel Krishna H. , Nguyen Peter K. , Smallwood Christopher L.
Published: January 2023

We report on the construction and characterization of a low-cost Mach–Zehnder optical interferometer in which quadrature signal detection is achieved by means of polarization control. The device incorporates a generic green laser pointer, home-built photodetectors, 3D-printed optical mounts, a circular polarizer extracted from a pair of 3D movie glasses, and a python-enabled microcontroller for analog-to-digital data acquisition. Components fit inside of a 12″×6″ space and can be assembled on a budget of less than US$500. The device has the potential to make quadrature interferometry accessible and affordable for instructors, students, and enthusiasts alike.
Experimental investigation of the tropospheric temperature gradient with Flightradar24
Authors: Vogt Patrik , Kasper Lutz
Published: January 2023

Sitting on the terrace on a warm summer evening and looking up at the sky, we often wonder where an airplane is going to fly. Based on the observed flight direction, we can make assumptions, but rarely check if they are really correct. The app Flightradar24 offers the possibility to confirm our assumptions. For this purpose, you just need to target the aircraft with your smartphone or tablet and then you will get augmented reality (AR) information for the flight displayed in the live image (Fig. 1): takeoff and destination, distance to the observer, airline, and type and photo of the aircraft. By tapping on the AR window, more detailed information on the flight times, the distance traveled, and the exact flight route is displayed on a map (Fig. 2). In this way, data of particular physical interest can also be retrieved, namely the aircraft’s current altitude, its speed, its position, the prevailing wind speed, and the outside temperature. This corresponds to a retrieval of measurement data, so that the app can also be used for physical quasi-experiments. At this point, the investigation of the temperature profile of the troposphere will be described. Many further quantitative analyses can be found in Ref. 2. This approach to modeling also provides an example of handling real data in the sense of data literacy.
Confined Brownian suspensions: Equilibrium diffusion, thermodynamics, and rheology
Authors: Sunol Alp M. , Zia Roseanna N.
Published: January 2023

We examine the impact of confinement on the structure, dynamics, and rheology of spherically confined macromolecular suspensions, with a focus on the role played by entropic forces, by comparing the limits of strong hydrodynamics and no hydrodynamics. We present novel measurements of the osmotic pressure, intrinsic viscosity, and long-time self-diffusivity in spherical confinement and find confinement induces strong structural correlations and restrictions on configurational entropy that drive up osmotic pressure and viscosity and drive down self-diffusion. Even in the absence of hydrodynamics, confinement produces distinct short-time and long-time self-diffusion regimes. This finding revises the previous understanding that short-time self-diffusion is a purely hydrodynamic quantity. The entropic short-time self-diffusion is proportional to an entropic mobility, a direct analog to the hydrodynamic mobility. A caging plateau following the short-time regime is stronger and more durable without hydrodynamics, and entropic drift—a gradient in volume fraction—drives particles out of their cages. The distinct long-time regime emerges when an entropic mobility gradient arising from heterogeneous distribution of particle volume drives particles out of local cages. We conclude that entropic mobility gradients produce a distinct long-time dynamical regime in confinement and that hydrodynamic interactions weaken this effect. From a statistical physics perspective, confinement restricts configurational entropy, driving up confined osmotic pressure, viscosity, and (inverse) long-time dynamics as confinement tightens. We support this claim by rescaling the volume fraction as the distance from confinement-dependent maximum packing, which collapses the data for each rheological measure onto a single curve.
The “Face” of Coach Development: A Systematic Review of the Role of the Coach Developer
Authors: Jones Timothy , Allen Justine , Macdonald Stephen
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this paper was to systematically review the peer-reviewed literature on the role of the coach developer (CD). Three questions guided this review: (a) who is the CD, (b) what do they do, and (c) how do they do it? Using five electronic databases—SPORTDiscus, ERIC, PsycInfo, Web of Science, and Scopus—a total of 595 articles were initially found with 42 identified as appropriate for inclusion following PRISMA guidelines. A further 11 were added, via the screening of reference lists and during the process of writing, to total 53 articles. Data analysis comprised of content analysis to describe and identify gaps in the research, and reflexive thematic analysis to facilitate the analysis of the findings from the included studies. Content analysis findings show an increase in researching this role and a breadth of methodology and theoretical frameworks being employed. Utilising reflexive thematic analysis, seven themes were generated to understand the who, what, and how of the CD. Findings suggest a diverse and contextualised appreciation of the various roles the CD undertakes as encompassed by the International Council for Coaching Excellence (ICCE) umbrella term definition. The discussion reveals the complexity of the role as CDs navigate who they are, what they do, and how they do it. Recommendations are made for future research to mediate knowledge gaps and move towards alignment and understanding of this key figure.
Evolution of Public Health Physical Activity Applications of Accelerometers: A Personal Perspective
Authors: Troiano Richard P.
Published: January 2023

Accelerometer technology and applications have expanded and evolved rapidly over approximately the past two decades. This commentary, which reflects content presented at a keynote presentation at 8th International Conference on Ambulatory Monitoring of Physical Activity and Movement (ICAMPAM 2022), discusses aspects of this evolution from the author’s perspective. The goal is to provide historical context for newer investigators working with device-based measures of physical activity. The presentation includes discussion of the fielding of accelerometer devices in the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, selected recommendations from relevant workshops between 2004 and 2010, and the author’s perspective on the current status of accelerometer use in population surveillance and public health. The important role of collaboration is emphasized.
Let us Dance Around the World! Toward More Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Research
Authors: ChinAPaw Mai , Anselma Manou
Published: January 2023

We strongly believe that diversity, equity, and inclusion in research lead to better science, more innovations and more relevant outcomes that better serve society at large. Historically, scientific research is quite WEIRD, meaning that it is dominated by researchers and study samples from Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic countries. Such WEIRD research leads to results that better serve a small, privileged group of WEIRD people, widening health inequalities. Research among a selective group with similar backgrounds and perspectives results in bias and hinders innovation. As a result, we end up missing out on the valuable holistic viewpoint that more inclusive research would gain. In this invited commentary based on the International Conference on Ambulatory Monitoring of Physical Activity and Movement (ICAMPAM) 2022 keynote presentation by Prof. ChinAPaw, we discuss the importance of diversity, equity, and inclusion in research and introduce our vision for AWESOME science—All-inclusive, Worldwide ranging, Equitable, Sincere, Open-minded, Mindful of our own implicit bias, and Essential—that is more inclusive and relevant for everyone regardless of who they are and where they live. More diversity, equity, and inclusion make our collective dance toward healthy societies more beautiful and impactful!
Advocating for Gender Equity in Sport: An Analysis of the Canadian Women and Sport She’s Got It All Campaign
Authors: Marashi Maryam , Malouka Sabrina , den Houdyker Tahla , Sabiston Catherine M.
Published: January 2023

Despite increasing access to sport and exercise opportunities, girls and women in Canada continue to face gender disparity in sport participation. Several media campaigns have emerged to address this disparity and advocate for gender equity in sport. However, there is little understanding or evaluation of the content of these media campaigns. Informed by sport participation research, the She’s Got It All campaign was designed to highlight the challenges and intersecting disadvantages that girls and women face in sport. The purpose of the current study was to assess the textual and visual content of this campaign. The posters (N = 48) were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis (text) and deductive content analysis (visual) to identify the characteristics of the images and the themes in the messages. Based on the thematic analysis, seven main themes pertaining to girls’ and women’s barriers to sport participation are identified including physiology, gendered social behaviors, intrapersonal beliefs, environmental contexts, stereotypes, female representation, and interpersonal support. Based on the content analysis, most of the models presented in the posters are perceived as White and average-sized adult women, with visible muscle definition, slightly or nonrevealing clothing, and performing an individual sport. The poster visual and text material seem to miss opportunities to highlight the experiences of girls and women identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer (or sometimes questioning), and others and those classified as lower socioeconomic status. These findings provide foundational information for future research and media campaign designed to target gender equity in sport.
A Zinc Finger Motif in the P1 N Terminus, Highly Conserved in a Subset of Potyviruses, Is Associated with the Host Range and Fitness of Telosma Mosaic Virus
Authors: Gou Bei , Dai Zhaoji , Qin Li , Wang Yuanzheng , Liu Haobin , Wang Linxi , Liu Peilan , Ran Minyuan , Fang Chuanying , Zhou Tao , Shen Wentao , Valli Adrián A. , Cui Hongguang
Published: January 2023

Viruses belonging to the family
Potyviridae
represent the largest group of plant-infecting RNA viruses, including a variety of agriculturally and economically important viral pathogens. Like all picorna-like viruses, potyvirids employ polyprotein processing as the gene expression strategy.
In Vivo
Gene Expression Profiling of Staphylococcus aureus during Infection Informs Design of Stemless Leukocidins LukE and -D as Detoxified Vaccine Candidates
Authors: Haag Andreas F. , Liljeroos Lassi , Donato Paolo , Pozzi Clarissa , Brignoli Tarcisio , Bottomley Matthew J. , Bagnoli Fabio , Delany Isabel
Published: January 2023

Vaccination is an attractive strategy for preventing bacterial infections in an age of increased antimicrobial resistance. However, vaccine development frequently suffers significant setbacks when candidate antigens that show promising results in
in vitro
experimentation fail to protect from disease.
Gapless Genome Assembly of Puccinia triticina Provides Insights into Chromosome Evolution in Pucciniales
Authors: Li Chuang , Qiao Liuhui , Lu Yanan , Xing Guozhen , Wang Xiaodong , Zhang Gengyun , Qian Huimin , Shen Yilin , Zhang Yibo , Yao Wen , Cheng Kun , Ma Zhenling , Liu Na , Wang Daowen , Zheng Wenming
Published: January 2023

Rust fungi (Pucciniales) are the largest group of plant pathogens. Adaptive radiation is a predominant feature in Pucciniales evolution.
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Virus Infections in Wild Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) Show Neurotropism and Adaptive Virus Mutations
Authors: Bordes Luca , Vreman Sandra , Heutink Rene , Roose Marit , Venema Sandra , Pritz-Verschuren Sylvia B. E. , Rijks Jolianne M. , Gonzales José L. , Germeraad Evelien A. , Engelsma Marc , Beerens Nancy
Published: January 2023

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses caused high mortality among wild birds from 2021 to 2022 in the Netherlands. Recently, three wild foxes were found to be infected with HPAI H5N1 viruses, likely due to the foxes feeding on infected birds.
Antimicrobial Resistance and Mechanisms of Azithromycin Resistance in Nontyphoidal Salmonella Isolates in Taiwan, 2017 to 2018
Authors: Chiou Chien-Shun , Hong Yu-Ping , Wang You-Wun , Chen Bo-Han , Teng Ru-Hsiou , Song Hui-Yung , Liao Ying-Shu
Published: January 2023

Antimicrobial resistance in NTS isolates is a major public health concern in Taiwan, and the mechanisms of azithromycin resistance are rarely investigated. Azithromycin and carbapenems are the last resort for the treatment of invasive salmonellosis caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant
Salmonella
strains.
Quantification of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Binding Antibody Levels To Assess Infection and Vaccine-Induced Immunity Using WHO Standards
Authors: Pernet Olivier , Balog Steven , Kawaguchi Eric S. , Lam Chun Nok , Anthony Patricia , Simon Paul , Kotha Rani , Sood Neeraj , Hu Howard , Kovacs Andrea
Published: January 2023

Accurate quantification of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies can be achieved using a universal standard with sample dilution within the linear range. With hybrid immunity being now common, it is critical to use protocols adapted to high Ab levels to standardize serological results. We validated this approach with the Los Angeles Pandemic Surveillance Cohort by comparing the antibody decay rates in vaccinated participants and vaccinated infected participants.
Identification and Evaluation of
Cryptosporidium
Species from New York City Cases of Cryptosporidiosis (2015 to 2018): a Watershed Perspective
Authors: Alderisio Kerri A. , Mergen Kimberly , Moessner Heather , Madison-Antenucci Susan
Published: January 2023

It is important to identify the species causing human cryptosporidiosis in a population in order to investigate possible sources or routes of contamination. Many species of
Cryptosporidium
are host-adapted and therefore have the potential to be tracked back to specific sources that can subsequently be managed.
Glacier-Fed Stream Biofilms Harbor Diverse Resistomes and Biosynthetic Gene Clusters
Authors: Busi Susheel Bhanu , de Nies Laura , Pramateftaki Paraskevi , Bourquin Massimo , Kohler Tyler J. , Ezzat Leïla , Fodelianakis Stilianos , Michoud Grégoire , Peter Hannes , Styllas Michail , Tolosano Matteo , De Staercke Vincent , Schön Martina , Galata Valentina , Wilmes Paul , Battin Tom
Published: January 2023

Antimicrobial resistance is an omnipresent phenomenon in the anthropogenically influenced ecosystems. However, its role in shaping microbial community dynamics in pristine environments is relatively unknown.
Test Performance and Potential Clinical Utility of the GenMark Dx ePlex Blood Culture Identification Gram-Negative Panel
Authors: McCarty T. P. , Cumagun P. , Meeder J. , Moates D. , Edwards W. S. , Hutchinson J. , Lee R. A. , Leal S. M.
Published: January 2023

The GenMark Dx ePlex rapid blood culture diagnostic system enables earlier time to identification of antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative bacteria causing bloodstream infections. Its ability to rule out Gram-positive bacteria enabled early discontinuation of unnecessary antibiotics in 63/98 (64.3%) cases on average 26.2 h earlier.
‘Our courage has grown’: a grounded theory study of enablers and barriers to community action to address violence against women in urban India
Authors: Gram Lu , Paradkar Sukanya , Osrin David , Daruwalla Nayreen , Cislaghi Beniamino
Published: January 2023

Transforming communities into supportive environments for women facing risks of violence requires community members to play an active role in addressing violence against women (VAW). We did a grounded theory study of enablers and barriers to community response to ongoing violence, sampling from programme areas of a non-governmental organisation (NGO)-led community mobilisation intervention in informal settlements in Mumbai, India. We held 27 focus group discussions and 31 semistructured interviews with 113 community members and 9 NGO staff, along with over 170 hours of field observation. We found that residents responded to violence in diverse ways, ranging from suicide prevention to couple mediation to police and NGO referral. Enabling and constraining factors fit into a social ecological model containing intrapersonal, immediate social network, and wider societal levels. We identified four themes interlinking factors: legitimacy of action, collective power, protection against risk and informal leadership. Legitimacy of action was negotiated in the context of individual disputes, making community members question not only whether VAW was ‘wrong’, butwhowas ‘wrong’ in specific disputes. Collective power through neighbourhood solidarity was key to action but could be curtailed by violent gang crime. Interveners in incidents of VAW turned out to need significant physical, social and legal protection against reprisal. However, repeat interveners could become informal leaders wielding influential prosocial reputations that incentivised and facilitated action. Our model integrates multiple perspectives on community action into one analytical framework, which can be used by implementers to ensure that community members receive encouragement, support and protection to act.
Study of the medical service efficiency of county-level public general hospitals based on medical quality constraints: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Li Jing , Guo Binbin , Huang Xiaojun , Wang Huakang , Zuo Guangyan , Lu Wei
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Since the new medical reform in 2009, county-level hospitals in China have achieved rapid development, but health resource waste and shortage issues still exist.

Design

We applied the meta-frontier and slacks-based measurement-undesirable data envelopment analysis model to measure the medical service efficiency with or without medical quality constraints of the county-level public general hospitals (CPGHs). The assessment includes four inputs, three desirable outputs and one undesirable output. We conducted the assessment via Max-DEA V.8.19 software. Moreover, we analyse the factors affecting CPGHs’ medical service efficiency based on the fractional response model.

Setting

A total of 77 sample CPGHs were selected from Shanxi province in China from 2013 to 2018.

Results

The results of this study showed that the efficiency level of county-level public hospitals in Shanxi Province is relatively low overall (the mean value of efficiency is 0.61 without quality constraints and 0.63 under quality constraints). This showed that ignoring medical quality constraints will result in lower efficiency and lower health resource usage for high medical quality hospitals. The medical service efficiency of CPGHs differs greatly among different regions. Under the meta-frontier, the hospitals in the central region had the highest efficiency (efficiency score 0.70), followed by those in the south (efficiency score 0.63) and the hospitals in the north had the lowest efficiency (efficiency score 0.54). Factors that have larger impacts on the service efficiency of county public hospitals are the average length of hospital stay, per capita disposable income and financial subsidy income.

Conclusions

To improve CPGHs’ medical service efficiency, the government should increase investment in the northern region, and hospitals should improve the management level and allocate human resources rationally.
Efficacy and safety of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for fibromyalgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Xinxin , You Jiuhong , Ma Hui , Zhou Mei , Huang Cheng
Published: January 2023

Objective

To investigate the efficacy and safety of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) for fibromyalgia (FM).

Design

A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources

PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, VIP (China Science and Technology Journal Database), CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) and WanFang database were searched from from inception to 22 October 2022.

Eligibility criteria

We included clinical trials (randomised controlled and non-randomised controlled trials) of HBOT for FM.

Data extraction and synthesis

Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data and evaluated the quality of the included studies, with disagreements resolved by a third researcher. The Cochrane Collaboration checklists and the Methodological Index for Non-randomised Studies were used to assess the risk of bias. Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan V.5.4.1 software. Random effect models were used for meta-analysis.

Results

Nine studies were included in this review, with a total of 288 patients. For pain assessment, we combined the results of the Visual Analogue Scale and Widespread Pain Index. The results showed that HBOT could relieve the pain of FM patients compared with the control intervention (standardised mean difference=−1.56, 95% CI (−2.18 to –0.93),p<0.001,I2=51%). Most included studies reported that HBOT ameliorated tender points, fatigue, multidimensional function, patient global and sleep disturbance in FM. Adverse events occurred in 44 of 185 patients (23.8%). Twelve patients (6.5%) withdrew because of adverse reactions. No serious adverse events or complications were observed.

Conclusions

HBOT might have a positive effect in improving pain, tender points, fatigue, multidimensional function, patient global and sleep disturbance in FM, with reversible side effects. Low pressure (less than 2.0 atmospheric absolute) may be beneficial to reduce adverse events in FM. Further studies should be carried out to evaluate the optimal protocol of HBOT in FM.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021282920.