bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Establishment and application of quantitative detection of Bacillus velezensis HMB26553, a biocontrol agent against cotton damping‐off caused by Rhizoctonia
Authors: Su Zhenhe , Liu Gaoge , Li Cong , Liu Xiaomeng , Guo Qinggang , Wang Peipei , Dong Lihong , Lu Xiuyun , Zhao Weisong , Zhang Xiaoyun , Qu Yuanghang , Zhang Jiaqi , Mo Shaojing , Li Shezeng , Ma Ping
Published: February 2024

A highly sensitive quantitative PCR (qPCR) method was developed for detection and quantification of Bacillus velezensis HMB26553 in cotton rhizosphere. The study aimed to develop a quantitative detection method for the strain HMB26553, and explore the relationship between its colonization of the cotton rhizosphere and its control effect. The whole genome sequence of strain HMB26553 was obtained by genome sequencing and a unique specific sequence pB‐gene0026 on plasmid plaBV2 was identified by using high‐throughput alignment against NCBI. Plasmid plaBV2 could be stably genetically inherited. Based on this sequence, specific primers for amplifying 106 bp and a minor groove binder (MGB) TaqMan probe for enhancing sensitivity were designed. The copy number of plaBV2 in strain HMB26553, which was 2, was confirmed by internal reference primers and the MGB TaqMan probe based on housekeeping gene gyrB. The established detection technique based on these primers and probes had high specificity and sensitivity compared to traditional plate counting method, with a detection limit of 1.5 copy genome. Using this method, the study discovered a likely correlation between the quantity of colonization in cotton rhizosphere and efficacy against cotton damping‐off caused by Rhizoctonia after seed soaking and irrigation with strain HMB26553. Thus, this method provides scientific support for the rational application of strain HMB26553 in the future.
Phenotypic homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia successfully treated with proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors
Authors: Tani Ryosuke , Matsunaga Keiji , Toda Yuta , Inoue Tomoko , Fu Hai Ying , Minamino Tetsuo
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical Message

Recent data reveal phenotypic HoFH patients may be responsive to PCSK9 inhibitors, challenging prior assumptions. Genetic testing advancements now more accurately forecast patient responses to these therapies, improving treatment strategies.
High‐Throughput Colorimetric Detection and Quantification of Indoles and Pyrroloindoles for Enzymatic Activity Determination
Authors: Amariei Diana A. , Haase Mona , Klischan Moritz K. T. , Wäscher Martin , Pietruszka Jörg
Published: February 2024

Indoles and pyrroloindoles are structural motifs present in many biologically active natural products. Multiple classes of enzymes catalyze the transformation of indoles into pyrroloindoles via group transfer followed by intramolecular cyclization, such as peroxydases, methyltransferases, and prenyltransferases. Due to the selective introduction of a stereogenic center, these enzymes receive increasing attention as catalytic tools for the production of pharmacologically relevant compounds. Two new colorimetric assays are described in this work, which allow for the quantification of such enzymatic reactions from the perspective of the substrate and the product. For the substrates, the indole assay is based on a modified version of the Ehrlich test, with the use of light as a driving force for color formation. The pyrroloindole assay uses cerium sulfate as a reagent for the colorimetric quantification of the enzymatic products. The assays are complementary and both were successfully utilized for enzymatic activity determination of a C3‐indole methyltransferase. They can facilitate high‐throughput screening of mutant libraries, offering support for the engineering of such enzymes, but can also be used as stand‐alone methods for the detection and quantification of natural products.
A Comparative Study of the Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Na3V2(PO4)3/C Cathode Materials for Na‐ion Batteries Prepared by Sol‐Gel vs. Solid‐State Methods
Authors: Kaewmala Songyoot , Kamma Natthapong , Aranmala Komsak , Pipitworrakul Purumet , Nash Jeffrey , Limphirat Wanwisa , Meethong Nonglak
Published: February 2024

Na‐ion batteries have attracted much attention as one of the most promising alternatives to lithium‐ion batteries. Na3V2(PO4)3 has been widely investigated as a cathode material for Na‐ion batteries because of its high structural and thermal stability, leading to high cycling performance and safety. The cathode material also possesses a three‐dimensional open framework and consequently provides high ionic conductivity, as well as high‐rate capability. However, the cathode type experiences poor electronic conductivity, affecting its electrochemical properties. It is well established that preparation methods have remarkable effects on the crystal structure and morphology of electrode materials, altering their electrochemical performance. Thus, this work focuses on a comparative study of the morphology, structures, electrochemical performance, and kinetic properties of Na3V2(PO4)3/C cathodes prepared by sol‐gel and solid‐state methods, which are simple and scalable. The results reveal that sol‐gel and solid‐state reaction processes provide Na3V2(PO4)3/C cathode materials with different structural and morphological characteristics, significantly affecting their electrochemical performance and kinetic properties. This is a crucial key to finding a proper synthesis method to achieve Na3V2(PO4)3/C with high performance for commercial large‐scale production.
Evaluating Diazene to N2 Interconversion at Iron‐Sulfur Complexes
Authors: Hooper Reagan X. , Wertz Ashlee E. , Shafaat Hannah S. , Holland Patrick L.
Published: February 2024

Biological N2 reduction occurs at sulfur‐rich multiiron sites, and an interesting potential pathway is concerted double reduction/ protonation of bridging N2 through PCET. Here, we test the feasibility of using synthetic sulfur‐supported diiron complexes to mimic this pathway. Oxidative proton transfer from μ‐η1 : η1‐diazene (HN=NH) is the microscopic reverse of the proposed N2 fixation pathway, revealing the energetics of the process. Previously, Sellmann assigned the purple metastable product from two‐electron oxidation of [{Fe2+(PPr3)L1}2(μ‐η1 : η1‐N2H2)] (L1=tetradentate SSSS ligand) at −78 °C as [{Fe2+(PPr3)L1}2(μ‐η1 : η1‐N2)]2+, which would come from double PCET from diazene to sulfur atoms of the supporting ligands. Using resonance Raman, Mössbauer, NMR, and EPR spectroscopies in conjunction with DFT calculations, we show that the product is not an N2 complex. Instead, the data are most consistent with the spectroscopically observed species being the mononuclear iron(III) diazene complex [{Fe(PPr3)L1}(η2‐N2H2)]+. Calculations indicate that the proposed double PCET has a barrier that is too high for proton transfer at the reaction temperature. Also, PCET from the bridging diazene is highly exergonic as a result of the high Fe3+/2+ redox potential, indicating that the reverse N2 protonation would be too endergonic to proceed. This system establishes the “ground rules” for designing reversible N2/N2H2 interconversion through PCET, such as tuning the redox potentials of the metal sites.
The impact of cancer metastases on COVID‐19 outcomes: A COVID‐19 and Cancer Consortium registry‐based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Castellano Cecilia A. , Sun Tianyi , Ravindranathan Deepak , Hwang Clara , Balanchivadze Nino , Singh Sunny R. K. , Griffiths Elizabeth A. , Puzanov Igor , Ruiz‐Garcia Erika , Vilar‐Compte Diana , Cárdenas‐Delgado Ana I. , McKay Rana R. , Nonato Taylor K. , Ajmera Archana , Yu Peter P. , Nadkarni Rajani , O’Connor Timothy E. , Berg Stephanie , Ma Kim , Farmakiotis Dimitrios , Vieira Kendra , Arvanitis Panos , Saliby Renee M. , Labaki Chris , El Zarif Talal , Wise‐Draper Trisha M. , Zamulko Olga , Li Ningjing , Bodin Brianne E. , Accordino Melissa K. , Ingham Matthew , Joshi Monika , Polimera Hyma V. , Fecher Leslie A. , Friese Christopher R. , Yoon James J. , Mavromatis Blanche H. , Brown Jacqueline T. , Russell Karen , Nanchal Rahul , Singh Harpreet , Tachiki Lisa , Moria Feras A. , Nagaraj Gayathri , Cortez Kimberly , Abbasi Saqib H. , Wulff‐Burchfield Elizabeth M. , Puc Matthew , Weissmann Lisa B. , Bhatt Padmanabh S. , Mariano Melissa G. , Mishra Sanjay , Halabi Susan , Beeghly Alicia , Warner Jeremy L. , French Benjamin , Bilen Mehmet A. ,   for the COVID‐19 and Cancer Consortium
Published: February 2024

Background

COVID‐19 can have a particularly detrimental effect on patients with cancer, but no studies to date have examined if the presence, or site, of metastatic cancer is related to COVID‐19 outcomes.

Methods

Using the COVID‐19 and Cancer Consortium (CCC19) registry, the authors identified 10,065 patients with COVID‐19 and cancer (2325 with and 7740 without metastasis at the time of COVID‐19 diagnosis). The primary ordinal outcome was COVID‐19 severity: not hospitalized, hospitalized but did not receive supplemental O2, hospitalized and received supplemental O2, admitted to an intensive care unit, received mechanical ventilation, or died from any cause. The authors used ordinal logistic regression models to compare COVID‐19 severity by presence and specific site of metastatic cancer. They used logistic regression models to assess 30‐day all‐cause mortality.

Results

Compared to patients without metastasis, patients with metastases have increased hospitalization rates (59% vs. 49%) and higher 30 day mortality (18% vs. 9%). Patients with metastasis to bone, lung, liver, lymph nodes, and brain have significantly higher COVID‐19 severity (adjusted odds ratios [ORs], 1.38, 1.59, 1.38, 1.00, and 2.21) compared to patients without metastases at those sites. Patients with metastasis to the lung have significantly higher odds of 30‐day mortality (adjusted OR, 1.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–2.00) when adjusting for COVID‐19 severity.

Conclusions

Patients with metastatic cancer, especially with metastasis to the brain, are more likely to have severe outcomes after COVID‐19 whereas patients with metastasis to the lung, compared to patients with cancer metastasis to other sites, have the highest 30‐day mortality after COVID‐19.
Electron–ion temperature relaxation in nonideal plasmas: High accuracy classical molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Lavrinenko Yaroslav S. , Morozov Igor V. , Valuev Ilya A.
Published: February 2024

In this work, we prepare a simulation framework for a high‐accuracy numerical study of electron–ion temperature relaxation in nonideal (strongly coupled) plasmas. The existing relaxation rate theories require either parameter selection or some pre‐knowledge of the electron–ion correlation functions and effective interaction potentials. This makes non‐equilibrium classical and quantum molecular dynamics simulations a crucial stage in the study of energy transfer rates. We begin by revisiting the classical molecular dynamics simulations of a system of equally charged particles with different masses on a neutralizing background. We accurately simulate this simple ab‐initio (parameterless) system with controlled precision in terms of number of particles, mass ratio, and energy convergence. The predictions for the equally charged system are compared to the previous simulations and theories, which are reproduced with higher accuracy. We also perform a series of classical molecular dynamics simulations of the system of oppositely charged particles with the corrected Kelbg potential based on the quantum statistical approach. We analyze the differences and similarities between the same‐charge and opposite‐charge systems. Some remarks about the forthcoming application of quantum simulations with the help of WPMD or WPMD‐DFT methods are given.
Gut microbiota and host metabolizing enzymes co‐contribute to pharmacokinetic variability in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats
Authors: Gong Jupeng , Yang Li , Su Qiaoling , Zhong Weizhi , Xiao Jianbo
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetic difference of quercetin between normal and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. Our results showed that the mean residence time and half time were significantly increased, while the peak concentration was significantly reduced in T2DM rats, compared to the control rats. In addition, quercetin remained a high concentration in the liver for a long time with the highest concentration (13.51 ± 4.66 μg/mL) at 4 h after oral administration in T2DM rats. Furthermore, the CYP3A4 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were downregulated and UGT1A1 mRNA levels in liver were upregulated in T2DM rats. In addition, the relative abundances of Bacteroides, norank, Parabacteroides, and Alistipes were decreased, while the relative abundances of Acrococcus, Frisingicoccus, Romboutsia, and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 were increased in the T2DM rats. The metabolism of quercetin in T2DM rats was slower compared to the normal group, which may be related to the lower level of CYP3A4 and the higher level of UGT1A1 in T2DM, as well as the significant enrichment of Acrococcus and other bacteria in the gut of T2DM rats.
Natural bioactive compounds as potential sources for alleviation and treatment of androgenetic alopecia: A research advance
Authors: Fang Chao , Yang Haixia , Hui Junfeng , Fan Daidi , Deng Jianjun
Published: February 2024

Alopecia is a common chronic skin disease, which can be categorized as androgenetic alopecia (AGA), scarring line alopecia, genetic alopecia, and chemical alopecia due to the different reasons. Among which AGA caused by metabolism of the androgen system accounts for the majority. Due to the high prevalence of AGA and the lack of an effective cure, the urgent search for a safe and effective anti‐AGA drug has been our aim. With the advantages of its own wide source and low toxicity and side effects, the use of natural bioactive compounds and their extracts in the treatment of AGA has been a research hotspot. The objective of this work is to compile and synthesize experimental findings on natural bioactive compounds that possess the potential to alleviate AGA. On the basis of the known pathogenesis of AGA, combined with the target analysis of AGA by network pharmacology, identify natural bioactive compounds and their signaling pathways for the treatment of alopecia and hair growth promotion, and select representative hotspot compounds, to reveal their specific mechanisms and abstract the commonalities. Based on previous extensive research, hundreds of AGA targets (e.g., Wnt, TGF, and VEGF) closely regulate neogenesis, tissue development, and vascular function, to collect and summarize compounds such as ginseng, baicalein, curcumin, and so on, which have great potential to improve hair growth. Our work will inspire future research based on their mechanisms of action, providing more complete evidence and ideas for the feasibility of developing natural anti‐AGA drugs.
Quercetin ameliorates hyperuricemic nephropathy by repressing uric acid synthesis and reabsorption in mice and cells
Authors: Li Wenhui , Chen Xuerui , Li Feng , Huiyao Zhang , Song Zunyang , Li Dapeng
Published: February 2024

Hyperuricemia as one of the key factors for gout, and quercetin could reduce the uric acid (UA) content. However, the mechanism of quercetin reduces UA content is still uncovered. Herein, we found quercetin can reduce UA content, induce antioxidant enzyme activity, inhibit the enzyme activity of xanthine oxidase (XOD) in hyperuricemia mice. Moreover, the UA reabsorption was also significantly reduced in the kidney and the kidney inflammation was alleviated by quercetin in hyperuricemia mice. Meanwhile, the protein level of ATP‐binding cassette super‐family G member 2 (ABCG2) was markedly induced and the protein levels of urate transporter 1 (URAT1) and glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9) were significantly repressed by quercetin in hyperuricemia mice and HK‐2 cells and by quercetin‐3‐O‐glucuronide in HK‐2 cells. Additionally, the docking mode indicated that quercetin is stable bound to the active site of XOD. Overall, the data reveal that quercetin alleviates hyperuricemia by repressing the activity of XOD, reducing the UA absorption via enhancing ABCG2 expression, and repressing URAT1 and GLUT9 expression.
Heart failure during acute coronary syndrome and the long‐term cancer risk: the ABC‐9† Study on heart disease
Authors: Mahmoud Heba T. , Berton Giuseppe , Cordiano Rocco , Palmieri Rosa , Merotto David , Menegon Francesco
Published: February 2024

Aims

A higher risk of cancer among patients with heart failure (HF) has been suggested in recent community‐based studies. This study aimed to investigate the impact of HF during hospitalization with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) on the long‐term cancer risk.

Methods and results

The study included 572 patients admitted with ACS to three Italian hospitals, discharged cancer‐free, and prospectively followed for 24 years or until death. All but three patients completed the follow‐up, which represented 6440 person‐years (mean age: 66 ± 12 years; 70% males). Baseline HF was diagnosed in 192 (34%) patients. A total of 129 (23%) patients developed cancer (103 without HF and 26 with HF), and 107 (19%) patients died due to it (81 without HF and 26 with HF). The incidence rates for cancer onset and cancer death were not different according to HF status. Cox regression analysis revealed no association between HF or left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and cancer risk. In addition, no difference in cancer risk was observed among patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction, HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction, and HF with reduced ejection fraction. In competing risk regression analysis, the risk of cancer onset associated with HF was sub‐hazard ratio (SHR) 0.47 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.30–0.72; P = 0.001] and SHR 1.02 (95% CI: 1.01–1.04; P = 0.002) with LVEF. Results were the same in the adjusted model. Yet the fully adjusted model showed an attenuated association between cancer death and HF (SHR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.37–1.05; P = 0.08) and LVEF (SHR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.99–1.06; P = 0.08). Consistent results were obtained after using propensity score matching analysis that created 192 pairs. A negative interaction between age and HF and a positive interaction between age and LVEF for cancer risk have also been found.

Conclusions

An inverse association between baseline HF and long‐term cancer risk has been observed among the ABC Study on heart disease patients who were followed for 24 years after ACS.
Isolable Dipyrromethene‐Based Heavier Group 14 and 15 Element Complexes
Authors: Bao Qidi , Dai Yuyang , Liu Chen , Liu Xiaona , Xiao Jing , Xu Daqian , Su Yuanting
Published: February 2024

Boron‐dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) have attracted much attention owing to their unique properties and widespread applications; however, the incorporation of the heavier group 14 and 15 elements in the rigid dipyrromethene ligands remains limited. Herein, the dipyrromethene‐based heavier group 14 and 15 element complexes, tin‐dipyrromethene (SNDIPY, 1) and arsenic‐dipyrromethene (ASDIPY, 2), which are direct analogues of BODIPY, have been facilely synthesized and isolated in moderate yields. Both compounds have been investigated by NMR, UV‐vis absorption, photoluminescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammogram, X‐ray crystallography, as well as theoretical studies. Both compounds exhibit green photoluminescence. Notably, SNDIPY 1 is air‐stable and compound 2 represents the first isolable and structurally characterized ASDIPY.
Commentary regarding “An entropy model for Carreau nanofluid ciliary flow with electroosmosis and thermal radiations: A numerical study”
Authors: Pantokratoras Asterios
Published: February 2024

A serious error exists in the paper: Alharbi KAM, Riaz A, Sikandar S. An entropy model for Carreau nanofluid ciliary flow with electroosmosis and thermal radiations: a numerical study. Electrophoresis. 2024;45:1112–1129.
Forecasting realized volatility of crude oil futures prices based on machine learning
Authors: Luo Jiawen , Klein Tony , Walther Thomas , Ji Qiang
Published: February 2024

Extending the popular HAR model with additional information channels to forecast realized volatility of WTI futures prices, we show that machine learning‐generated forecasts provide better forecasting quality and that portfolios that are constructed with these forecasts outperform their competing models resulting in economic gains. Analyzing the selection process, we show that information channels vary across forecasting horizon. Variable selection produces clusters and provides evidence that there are structural changes with regard to the significance of information channels.
Interdisciplinary optimisation of injection methods in the construction lot H52 BBT
Authors: Burger Ulrich , Hofmann Matthias , Leitner Stefan , Voringer Jürgen
Published: February 2024

For the excavation of a hydrogeologically important section of the Brenner Base Tunnel (BBT), intensive injection works before excavation are necessary. The main objective of an interdisciplinary working group is to optimise these injections during the construction phase. The so‐called Hochstegen zone comprises two water‐bearing zones. The first zone, consisting of porous, metamorphic Triassic rocks, requires fine granular injection mediums, injections with maximum rates of 20 l/min and cementitious and chemical injection materials. The second zone, a water‐bearing zone in the Jurassic Hochstegen marble with micro‐karstic solution elements, requires a high volume injection method with maximum rates of approximately 500 l/min and an injection mortar with high density (2.3 t/m3).
Mapping the functional and structural connectivity of the scene network
Authors: Watson David M. , Andrews Timothy J.
Published: February 2024

The recognition and perception of places has been linked to a network of scene‐selective regions in the human brain. While previous studies have focussed on functional connectivity between scene‐selective regions themselves, less is known about their connectivity with other cortical and subcortical regions in the brain. Here, we determine the functional and structural connectivity profile of the scene network. We used fMRI to examine functional connectivity between scene regions and across the whole brain during rest and movie‐watching. Connectivity within the scene network revealed a bias between posterior and anterior scene regions implicated in perceptual and mnemonic aspects of scene perception respectively. Differences between posterior and anterior scene regions were also evident in the connectivity with cortical and subcortical regions across the brain. For example, the Occipital Place Area (OPA) and posterior Parahippocampal Place Area (PPA) showed greater connectivity with visual and dorsal attention networks, while anterior PPA and Retrosplenial Complex showed preferential connectivity with default mode and frontoparietal control networks and the hippocampus. We further measured the structural connectivity of the scene network using diffusion tractography. This indicated both similarities and differences with the functional connectivity, highlighting biases between posterior and anterior regions, but also between ventral and dorsal scene regions. Finally, we quantified the structural connectivity between the scene network and major white matter tracts throughout the brain. These findings provide a map of the functional and structural connectivity of scene‐selective regions to each other and the rest of the brain.
Probabilistic coverage of the frontal aslant tract in young adults: Insights into individual variability, lateralization, and language functions
Authors: Linn Wen‐Jieh , Barrios‐Martinez Jessica , Fernandes‐Cabral David , Jacquesson Timothée , Nuñez Maximiliano , Gomez Ricardo , Anania Yury , Fernandez‐Miranda Juan , Yeh Fang‐Cheng
Published: February 2024

The frontal aslant tract (FAT) is a crucial neural pathway of language and speech, but little is known about its connectivity and segmentation differences across populations. In this study, we investigate the probabilistic coverage of the FAT in a large sample of 1065 young adults. Our primary goal was to reveal individual variability and lateralization of FAT and its structure–function correlations in language processing. The study utilized diffusion MRI data from 1065 subjects obtained from the Human Connectome Project. Automated tractography using DSI Studio software was employed to map white matter bundles, and the results were examined to study the population variation of the FAT. Additionally, anatomical dissections were performed to validate the fiber tracking results. The tract‐to‐region connectome, based on Human Connectome Project‐MMP parcellations, was utilized to provide population probability of the tract‐to‐region connections. Our results showed that the left anterior FAT exhibited the most substantial individual differences, particularly in the superior and middle frontal gyrus, with greater variability in the superior than the inferior region. Furthermore, we found left lateralization in FAT, with a greater difference in coverage in the inferior and posterior portions. Additionally, our analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the left FAT inferior coverage area and the performance on the oral reading recognition (p = .016) and picture vocabulary (p = .0026) tests. In comparison, fractional anisotropy of the right FAT exhibited marginal significance in its correlation (p = .056) with Picture Vocabulary Test. Our findings, combined with the connectivity patterns of the FAT, allowed us to segment its structure into anterior and posterior segments. We found significant variability in FAT coverage among individuals, with left lateralization observed in both macroscopic shape measures and microscopic diffusion metrics. Our findings also suggested a potential link between the size of the left FAT's inferior coverage area and language function tests. These results enhance our understanding of the FAT's role in brain connectivity and its potential implications for language and executive functions.
Retropharyngeal abscess due to Fusobacterium necrophorum complicated by progressive internal carotid artery stenosis and multiple cranial nerve palsies
Authors: Matsumura Sohta , Sato Takeo , Matsushima Satoshi , Kokubu Tatsushi , Umehara Tadashi , Komatsu Teppei , Sakai Kenichiro , Mitsumura Hidetaka , Iguchi Yasuyuki
Published: February 2024

Background

A case of retropharyngeal abscess complicated by both artery and nerve injury has rarely been reported.

Methods

A 36‐year‐old woman suddenly presented with right eye visual loss, dilated pupil, reduced direct light reflex, ptosis and ocular motility disorder on the side of inflammation progression, and was diagnosed with retropharyngeal abscess due to Fusobacterium necrophorum. The patient was treated only with antibiotics and, no further surgery was necessary but tracheotomy. Four months later, MRA showed right ICA occlusion and left ICA stenosis. MRI revealed continuous spread of inflammation due to the abscess from the retropharyngeal to the intracranial space.

Results

These severe complications would be attributed to an endothelial damage to the arterial wall and an ischemic neuropathy caused by inflammation and thrombogenesis due to Fusobacterium necrophorum.

Conclusions

This case should provide a better understanding of the mechanism of vascular and cranial nerve injury due to retropharyngeal infections, and highlights the need for early antibiotic therapy and repeated vascular evaluation.
The effect of in‐vehicle agent embodiment on drivers' perceived usability and cognitive workload: Evidence from subjective reporting, ECG, and fNIRS
Authors: Ren Zenggen , Guo Fu , Li Mingming , Lyu Wei , Duffy Vincent G.
Published: February 2024

To improve the interaction between drivers and the in‐vehicle information system (IVIS), various intelligent agents, such as robot agents, virtual agents, and voice‐only agents, have been integrated into vehicles. However, it is not yet clear which type of in‐vehicle agent is best suited to the driving context. This study aims to investigate the effect of in‐vehicle agent embodiment on drivers' perceived usability and cognitive workload. In a within‐subject simulated driving experiment, 22 participants interacted with three different in‐vehicle agents (smartphone agent, robot agent, and virtual agent). Functional near‐infrared spectroscopy and electrocardiogram (ECG) were used to record prefrontal cortex activation and electrical changes associated with cardiac activity during simulated driving, respectively. The results show that the smartphone agent had the lowest perceived usability scores, oxygenated hemoglobin concentration variation (ΔHbO), and maximum ECG signal variation compared to baseline. There were no statistical differences in cognitive workload, perceived usability scores, brain area activation, and ECG signals between the robot agent and the virtual agent. The research findings demonstrate the positive effects of the anthropomorphic appearance of in‐vehicle agents on perceived usability and contribute to improving the design of in‐vehicle intelligent agents.
High CRP/PNI levels predict an unfavorable prognosis in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: A propensity score matching study
Authors: Guo Chunxia , Wang Huan , Wang Xiaorong , Tian Shan
Published: February 2024

Background

This study aimed to identify a novel inflammatory index and construct a nomogram for predicting in‐hospital mortality due to severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS).

Methods

This cohort included 610 patients with SFTS hospitalized in Wuhan Union Hospital between March 2017 and November 2022. The ratio of C‐reactive protein (CRP) to the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) was calculated and used to reflect patients' inflammatory status. Propensity score matching (PSM) was utilized to balance confounding factors between the low‐ and high‐CRP/PNI groups. SFTS individuals from Jinyinhu Hospital were used as the validation cohort.

Results

Patients with SFTS and high CRP/PNI were significantly correlated with a higher percentage of severe and critical SFTS types and higher in‐hospital mortality rates than those with low CRP/PNI. CRP/PNI was the potent risk indicator for in‐hospital mortality in individuals with SFTS. The CRP/PNI nomogram showed a good predictive value for in‐hospital mortality in patients with SFTS. After PSM, the predictive performance of CRP/PNI for 28‐day mortality was excellent. Finally, the CRP/PNI could still assess patients with SFTS at different risks based on SFTS data from another medical center.

Conclusion

The CPR/PNI ratio exhibited a strong positive correlation with the SFTS disease type and could predict in‐hospital mortality in the early stages of SFTS. The CPR/PNI ratio could substantially help clinicians facilitate the early identification of patients with high‐risk SFTS and the timely initiation of intensive therapy.
Value co‐creation (VCC) and value co‐destruction (VCD) via open government data (OGD): Empirical case of Tanzania
Authors: Ishengoma Fredrick , Shao Deo , da Silva Raphael Gouvea , Wiedenhoft Guillherme Costa , Alexopoulos Charalampos , Rizun Nina , Saxena Stuti
Published: February 2024

Having emphasized upon the potential benefits of Open Government Data (OGD) initiatives via value derivation and innovation pursuits of the stakeholders, it falls in place to complement this line of OGD research in the specific case of Tanzania, a developing country, to support the inferences. Specifically, it is important to understand the manner in which OGD VCC‐one of the hinges of OGD initiatives‐ and OGD VCD‐a possible fall out of OGD initiatives‐happens to pass. Thus, a content analysis of the interviews of 15 public officials and managers associated directly with the management and operationationalization of OGD initiatives is being done to arrive at the conclusions. Thus, the interviewees aver that OGD Value Co‐creation (VCC) may be facilitated on top‐priority bases by consistent marketing efforts by the government as also the partnerships with the key stakeholders of the OGD ecosystem, and, among the prominent Value Co‐Destruction (VCD) factors may be counted the issues linked with data privacy and resource restriction. Literature on OGD VCC is at a nascent stage and the one on OGD VCD is evolving. As an atypical empirical validation case vis‐a‐vis the emerging OGD VCC‐VCD research, the study is an additional contribution to the extant literature with specific reference to the developing country's experiences.
The longitudinal relationship between loneliness and both social anxiety and mobile phone addiction among rural left‐behind children: A cross‐lagged panel analysis
Authors: Wu Dehua , Liu Menghua , Li Dan , Yin Huazhan
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Left‐behind children are a special group that needs urgent attention. Due to enduring separation from their parents, loneliness is considered the most common and prevalent developmental hurdle in the experiences of left‐behind children. This longitudinal cross‐lagged study examined the direction of the association between loneliness and both internalizing and externalizing symptoms, with considering gender and left‐behind status differences.

Methods

A total of 1175 rural Chinese children (48.3% boys, 39.9% left‐behind children, Mage = 14.54 ± 1.18 at baseline) completed self‐reported loneliness, social anxiety, and mobile phone addiction at two‐time points with 6 months intervals. Descriptive statistics, cross‐lagged panel analysis, and multiple group analysis were estimated in the present study.

Results

Loneliness exacerbated social anxiety and mobile phone addiction, and vice versa. In addition, gender and left‐behind status moderated these relationships, with boys more likely to be mobile phone addicted due to loneliness and girls more likely to be lonely due to mobile phone addiction. More importantly, left‐behind children with loneliness are more prone to social anxiety and mobile phone addiction, and vice versa, compared with non‐left‐behind children.

Conclusions

The targeted interventions should be carried out for different genders and left‐behind statuses. Particularly for left‐behind children, neglecting to address both the symptoms of loneliness and both social anxiety and mobile phone addiction could significantly undermine the efficacy of intervention programs that solely target either one of these afflictions.
Risk factors for human papillomavirus infection and disease: A targeted literature summary
Authors: del Pino Marta , Vorsters Alex , Joura Elmar A. , Doorbar John , Haniszewski Marta , Gudina Irene Asensio , Kodjamanova Petya , Velicer Christine , Drury Rosybel
Published: February 2024

Adolescents are the primary cohort for routine human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, but unvaccinated adults may also benefit. A lack of consensus on which adults to target and the presence of reimbursement barriers likely contribute to the lag in adult vaccinations, highlighting missed prevention opportunities. Understanding factors contributing to risk of HPV infection and disease could help in decision making on vaccination. This review summarizes existing literature on risk factors for HPV infection and disease and includes 153 studies reporting relative risks or odds ratios for factors associated with HPV infection or disease in adults, published between 2009 and 2020. Despite inconsistent design and reporting of risk factors across studies, this review confirmed several risk factors associated with adult infection, including human immunodeficiency virus positivity, number of sex partners, and smoking. These findings can support policymaking, guideline development, and clinical decision making for HPV vaccination and screening of high‐risk adult groups.
Progression of retinal choroidal neovascularization by latent human cytomegalovirus infection and immunological signaling among neonatal patients admitted to tertiary care hospital
Authors: Roy Debsopan , Chatterjee Aroni , Mishra Lopamudra , Chakraborty Nilanjan
Published: February 2024

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a serious condition that affects the retina, causing partial or complete blindness in people of different ages. While CNV is a common occurrence in various chorioretinopathies, research on its occurrence in neonates is limited. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a significant health threat to neonates, with a strong association with retinal angiogenesis. However, there has been limited investigation into HCMV‐associated CNV progression. In this article, we extensively studied the expression of different inflammatory cytokines and chemokines during latent HCMV‐associated retinal neovascularization. Our research found that HCMV‐induced CNV progression was significantly prominent in the presence of AT2R‐dependent angiogenesis (p < 0.001), whereas in the absence of HCMV, AT1R‐dependent CCL‐5‐mediated angiogenesis was documented. We also observed significant increases in CCL‐19, CCL‐21 chemokine responses, followed by CCR‐7 chemokine receptor activation (p < 0.001) in HCMV‐induced CNV patients compared to HCMV non‐induced CNV groups. Furthermore, significant changes in predictive chemokine markers of HCMV‐induced CNV were positively correlated with HCMV viremia. These immunological alterations ultimately lead to the switching of NFκB canonical and noncanonical pathways, respectively, in HCMV‐induced neonatal CNV and HCMV non‐induced CNV. This clinical observation presents a novel hypothesis that ocular HCMV latency poses a noteworthy risk factor for the progression of retinal neovascularization through a distinctive immunological signaling pathway. The current study represents the first of its kind to report on this association, which may have significant implications for the clinical management of patients with ocular HCMV.
A nomogram for predicting food allergy in infants with feeding problems and malnutrition
Authors: Yang Fan , Zhou Chunyan , Li Luanluan , Wang Xirui , Wang Bin , Hu Yabin , Zhang Yue , Chen Chen , Li Juan , Yu Xiaodan
Published: February 2024

Background and Objective

As oral food challenge (OFC) cannot be performed routinely in the general outpatient, this study aimed to construct a nomogram to predict the odds of food allergy in infants with idiopathic feeding problems and malnutrition.

Methods

From August 2018 to December 2021, 289 infants (median age, 6 months; P25–P75, 4–8) with idiopathic feeding problems and malnutrition were enrolled from seven hospitals in Shanghai, China. Food allergy was defined as a positive response to a skin prick test or OFC, with gastrointestinal, dermatologic, or respiratory symptom improvement after 4 weeks of avoidance of the suspected food. Demographic characteristics, Cow's Milk‐related Symptom Scores (CoMiSS), and blood eosinophil amounts were evaluated for their associations with food allergy. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify variables to develop a nomogram model with the bootstrapped‐concordance index as an assessment metric.

Results

Totally 249 of 289 infants had food allergy (86.2%). After logistic regression analysis, the feeding pattern (odds ratio [OR] = 5.28, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.13–13.09), a family history of allergy (OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 0.71–4.51), CoMiSS (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.19–1.77), and eosinophil percentage (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.11–1.60) were used to develop the model, which had a good performance with an area under the curve of 0.868 (95% CI: 0.792–0.944) and a bootstrapped‐concordance index of 0.868.

Conclusion

Food allergy is common in infants with idiopathic feeding problems and malnutrition. The developed nomogram may help identify infants with food allergy for further diagnosis.
Increased risk for early revision with quadriceps graft compared with patellar tendon graft in primary ACL reconstructions
Authors: Zegzdryn Marek , Moatshe Gilbert , Engebretsen Lars , Drogset Jon Olav , Lygre Stein Håkon Låstad , Visnes Håvard , Persson Andreas
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Bone patella‐tendon bone (BPTB) and hamstring tendon (HT) autografts are the most used grafts in primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions (ACLR) in Norway. Quadriceps tendon (QT) autograft has gained more popularity during the past years. The purpose of this study is to compare revision rates and patient‐reported outcomes of primary QT with BPTB and HT autograft ACL reconstructions in Norway at 2‐year follow‐up. It was hypothesized that there would be no difference in 2‐year revision rates between all three autografts.

Methods

Data included primary ACLR without concomitant ligament surgeries, registered in the Norwegian Knee Ligament Register from 2004 through 2021. Revision rates at 2 years were calculated using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Hazard ratios (HR) for revision were estimated using multivariable Cox regression analysis with revision within 2 years as endpoint. Mean change in patient‐reported outcome was recorded preoperatively and at 2 years through the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) subcategories ‘Sport’ and ‘Quality of Life’ was measured for patients that were not revised and analysed with multiple linear regression.

Results

A total of 24,790 primary ACLRs were identified, 10,924 with BPTB, 13,263 with HT and 603 with a QT graft. Patients in the QT group were younger (23.5 years), more of them were women (58.2%) and over 50% had surgery <3 months after injury. The QT group had the highest prevalence of meniscal injuries (61.9%). Revision estimates at 2‐years were 3.6%, 2.5% and 1.2% for QT, HT and BPTB, respectively (p < 0.001). In a Cox regression analysis with QT as reference, BPTB had a lower risk of revision (HR 0.4, 95% Cl 0.2–0.7, p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed in the revision risk between QT and HT (HR 1.1, 95% Cl 0.7–1.8, n.s.). The two most common reported reasons for revision were: traumatic graft rupture and nontraumatic graft failure. There were no differences between the groups in change of KOOS in subcategories ‘Sport’ and ‘Quality of Life’ at 2‐years follow‐up.

Conclusion

The 2‐year risk of revision after ACLR with QT was higher than BPTB and similar to HT. No difference was found between the groups in patient‐reported outcomes. This study provides valuable insights for both surgeons and patients when making decisions about the choice of autografts in primary ACL reconstructions.

Level of Evidence: Level II.
Efficient Cascaded Third‐Harmonic Generation in Sampled‐Grating Periodically‐Poled Lithium Niobate Waveguides
Authors: Wu Xiao , Zhang Li , Hao Zhenzhong , Zhang Yuchen , Kang Shuting , Ma Rui , Gao Feng , Bo Fang , Zhang Guoquan , Xu Jingjun
Published: February 2024

Periodically poled thin‐film lithium niobate (PPTFLN) waveguides enable efficient quadratic nonlinear processes due to the strong light confinement and the utilization of the largest nonlinear coefficient d33 of lithium niobate. Here, an efficient third harmonic (TH) generation is reported with a normalized conversion efficiency of 6481% W−2 cm−4 in a sampled‐grating PPTFLN waveguide under the pump of a continuous laser, which is improved by 4 orders of magnitude compared with reported results. Such an efficient TH generation is realized by cascaded second‐harmonic (SH) generation and sum‐frequency (SF) generation supported by a sampled‐grating domain structure with two Fourier coefficients of 0.44 and 0.37, respectively. Phase matching conditions for the SH and cascaded SF processes are simultaneously achieved by finely tuning the geometric dispersion, domain structure, and operating temperature of the PPTFLN waveguides.
Analyzing cyclic shear behavior at the sand–rough concrete interface: An experimental and DEM study across varying displacement amplitudes
Authors: Zhang Shixun , Liu Feiyu , Zeng Weixiang , Ying Mengjie
Published: February 2024

Pile foundations frequently endure dynamic loads, necessitating an in‐depth examination of the cyclic shear properties at the pile–soil interface. This study involved a series of cyclic direct shear (CDS) tests conducted on sand and concrete with irregular surface, utilizing varying displacement amplitudes (1, 3, 6, and 10 mm) and joint roughness coefficients (0.4, 5.8, 9.5, 12.8, and 16.7). Discrete Element Method (DEM) models, informed by experimental data, facilitated mesoscopic mechanical response analyses. Findings indicate that the sand–concrete interface undergoes softening, with hysteresis loops' morphology dependent largely on displacement amplitude. A maximum ultimate shear stress corresponds to a specific critical surface roughness, while the initial tangent modulus escalates with increased concrete roughness. Volume variations of the specimen inversely correlate with displacement amplitude and directly with surface roughness. As displacement amplitude expands, there is a reduction in the maximum shear stiffness and an elevation in the maximum damping ratio. Empirical formulas for the surface roughness and normalized shear stiffness were proposed. Larger displacement amplitudes result in more substantial shear bands and heightened energy dissipation, yet the incremental energy ratio remains largely unaffected. Predominant energy dissipation mechanisms include both slip and rolling slip, with the former surpassing the latter in energy dissipation capacity. The anisotropy directions of contact normal, normal contact forces, and tangential contact forces consistently fluctuate with shear direction alterations.
Assumed strain methods in micromechanics, laminate composite voxels and level sets
Authors: Lendvai Jonas , Schneider Matti
Published: February 2024

This work deals with the composite voxel method, which—in its original form—furnishes voxels containing more than one material with a surrogate material law accounting for the heterogeneity in the voxel. We show that the laminate composite voxel technique naturally arises as an assumed strain method, that is, the general framework introduced by Simo‐Rifai, for a specific choice of enhanced strain field. As a consequence, laminate composite voxels may be regarded as a kinematic assumption within a discretization scheme rather than a part of material modeling, as suggested originally. We discuss how to seamlessly integrate composite voxels into the framework of a level‐set description of the microstructure, in particular the accurate and efficient computation of normals and cut‐volume fractions. In contrast to more traditional strategies based on subvoxelizations, the introduced method avoids systematic errors when computing composite voxel properties. We demonstrate the applicability of the developed technology for a number of relevant computational examples.