bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Six SIGMA evaluation of 17 biochemistry parameters using bias calculated from internal quality control and external quality assurance data
Authors: Çevlik Tülay , Haklar Goncagül
Published: June 2023

Background: Six Sigma is a popular quality management system that enables continuous monitoring and improvement of analytical performance in the clinical laboratory. We aimed to calculate sigma metrics and quality goal index (QGI) for 17 biochemical analytes and compare the use of bias from internal quality control (IQC) and external quality assurance (EQA) data in the calculation of sigma metrics. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in Marmara University Pendik E&R Hospital Biochemistry Laboratory. Sigma metrics calculation was performed as (TEa-bias)/CV). CV was calculated from IQC data from June 2018 - February 2019. EQA bias was calculated as the mean of % deviation from the peer group means in the last seven surveys, and IQC bias was calculated as (laboratory control result mean-manufacturer control mean)/ manufacturer control mean) x100. In parameters where sigma metrics were <5; QGI=bias/1.5 CV) score of <0.8 indicated imprecision, >1.2 pointed inaccuracy, and 0.8-1.2 showed both imprecision and inaccuracy. Results: Creatine kinase (both levels), iron and magnesium (pathologic levels) showed an ideal performance with ≥6 sigma level for both bias determinations. Eight of the 17 parameters had different sigma levels when we compared sigma values calculated from EQA and IQC derived bias% while the rest were grouped at the same levels. Conclusions: Sigma metrics is a good quality tool to assess a laboratory's analytical performance and facilitate the comparison of the assay performances in the same manner across multiple systems. However, we might need to design a tight internal quality control protocol for analytes showing poor assay performance.
A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching 🇵🇱 🇷🇴
Authors: Beauchemin James , Krueger Danya , Newman Jennifer , Beitelspacher Paul
Published: June 2023

Graduate students experience heightened levels of stress, compromising their well-being and predisposing them to mental health disorders. Graduate students are over six times more likely to experience depression and anxiety than the general population. Despite the presence of counseling services on college and university campuses, graduate students are less likely to access these services and more prone to utilize alternative institutional supports (i.e., faculty advisors or peer counselors). This pilot study assessed the effectiveness of a six-week solution focused wellness (SFW) group intervention with a graduate program cohort using a pre-post, mixed-methods design. A total of twenty-seven (N = 27) participants were included in the study. Results demonstrated significant differences in well-being, mental health, and perceived wellness between baseline and six-weeks for both the cohort group (n = 9) and the general wellness group (n = 18). ANCOVA revealed significant between-group differences for well-being and perceived wellness indicating that the cohort group improved more across wellness-specific variables. Three primary themes emerged from the qualitative data including: awareness of wellness needs, peer support, and multidimensional wellness. The aggregated results support the effectiveness of a cohort approach to graduate student wellness group implementation. Polish (https://drive.google.com/file/d/1i5vZm2QRKOiZcfxklOYRq5O2rczq4vey/view?usp=drive_link) Romanian (https://drive.google.com/file/d/18u8iXxksKznZzfWXp1xZFK5I4dhkn-XG/view?usp=drive_link)
First records of the greater white-toothed shrew Crocidura russula from Great Britain.
Authors: Bond Ian , Gilford Emily , McDevitt Allan , Young Melissa , Coomber Frazer
Published: June 2023

The presence of the greater white-toothed shrew has been confirmed from two sites in the borough of Sunderland in North East England. These represent the first records of the species in Great Britain. Dated photographic evidence indicates that the species has been established in that area since at least 2015. Research is required to ascertain the extent of its current distribution in Great Britain and its impacts on native small mammals and ecosystems more generally.
The diet of Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) around the coastal fringe of Cornwall.
Authors: Groves David , Smith Rebecca J.
Published: June 2023

Historically otters were regarded as a coastal species in Cornwall. After many years of absence they are increasingly recorded around the coasts and estuaries. These animals may be using the coast to move between river catchments or taking advantage of marine resources. The Cornwall Mammal Group organised a citizen science project to collect and analyse otter spraints from around the coastal fringe. Marine prey was shown to constitute a large part of the diet of animals close to the coast but coastal spraints also included remains of freshwater prey. Otters were feeding on a broad range of prey including many smaller items. Demonstrating the dependence of otters on coastal resources will be important in informing conservation of the coastal fringe of Cornwall.
IMAGE DETECTION EDGE IMAGE USING CANNY EDGE ALGORITHM
Authors: Damanik Romanus
Published: June 2023

In general, edge detection is widely used in image processing to find the boundaries of objects in an image. In this study, a technique for detecting edges that is commonly used will be studied, namely the Canny method under different conditions using Visual Studio software. In the testing process that the author carried out, it was concluded that sooner or later a process of converting an object would be, that the following factors affect the conversion process, including; type of image, image resolution, image format, specifications of the camera used to take pictures as well as the specifications of a computer that has a processing speed that is expected to be able to process images (images). The use of the Canny method to detect the edges of an image is considered more accurate and effective because this method is able to provide detailed output by including a calculated execution time
Higher order thinking in social science education
Authors: Christensen Anders Stig , Mathé Nora Elise Hesby
Published: June 2023

The aim of this article is to discuss what kinds of higher order thinking are encouraged in social science lessons in lower secondary school. The study used a research design employed by Klette et al. (2017) with video-taped lessons from social science education in Denmark and Norway. We identified teaching segments that included activities promoting higher order thinking and analysed them to produce an overview of the characteristics of cognitively demanding teaching. We found several examples of teaching that encouraged students’ higher order thinking, either by facilitating student’s interaction with complex knowledge or engaging them in demanding cognitive processes. By analysing selected examples, we found that the relationship between knowledge and processes was not linear: it seems possible to have a cognitively demanding task with little knowledge, and simple tasks performed oncomplex knowledge. We argue for using a two-dimensional model that captures cognitive processes as well as different types of knowledge required.
Educação, racionalidade e formação para os fins humanos
Authors: Corbiniano Simone
Published: June 2023

Como desdobramento de pesquisa na área da educação este artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar questões, conceitos e aspectos de base da razão moderna indispensáveis para a compreensão dos fundamentos racionais da educação. Tomando como base o pensamento de Kant, a razão é atividade única de conhecimento, embora exercendo-se sob dois planos epistemológicos distintos: o teórico e o prático. Na dimensão teórica a razão funda as possibilidades do sujeito do conhecimento, na dimensão prática a razão se abre ao universo dos fins humanos estabelecendo a condição do homem como um ser ético, moral. Ambos interesses da razão são indispensáveis ao sentido da natureza racional, e consequentemente ao sentido da educação. O ser humano nasce com a disposição para o entendimento e a moralidade, todavia, ambas disposições não se concretizam senão à medida que o sujeito entra em contato com a cultura, sendo, então, formado, educado. A obra kantiana marca a educação moderna pela necessidade de tornar o homem mais esclarecido possível como ser de conhecimento e ação. Afirmar que é da convergência dos dois interesses da razão – o prático e o teórico – que se pode conceber o sujeito autônomo no sentido vigoroso do termo, significa, ao mesmo tempo, afirmar que o esclarecimento passa pela questão do conhecimento mediante conceitos, passa pela formação da capacidade de pensar, e pela valorização da formação ético-política. Estes fatores juntos se constituem nos maiores esforços da educação que se possa afirmar crítica e ratificadora da liberdade.
Práticas Emancipatórias Abertas para Sustentabilidade com Ciência e Tecnologias Emergentes
Authors: Okada Alexandra , Struchiner Miriam , Almeida Maria Elizabeth , Castro Thais , Pianovski Vieira Alboni Marisa Dudeque
Published: June 2023

Não se aplica.
Public art as a sociological phenomenon of the urban artistic environment
Authors: U Bingxian
Published: June 2023

The object of the study is contemporary works of public art installed in Russia and Europe. The subject of the study is the development trends of various forms of Western and Russian public art in its relationship with the urban environment. The purpose of the article is to analyze public art projects presented in the USA, Western Europe and Russia, determining their place in the urban space and their impact on public consciousness. Since this study is interdisciplinary in nature, its methodology involves the use of an integrated approach. In the work on the article, the methods of modern art history were used, aimed at theoretical and art criticism understanding of the period of development of the public art phenomenon. One of the key research methods was a sociocultural analysis, in which the author of the article examines the features of the relationship between Western and Russian public art works with the urban environment, revealing the patterns of their historical development and the reasons for their actualization in the space of a modern city. The semiotic method made it possible to interpret public art objects in terms of their meanings and cultural patterns, which are significant for the construction of urban space. The research materials have theoretical and practical significance and can be used in the preparation of lecture courses, scientific research, publication of materials for art historians, cultural experts, historians and philosophers involved in the study of the phenomenon of public art. Considering public art in a historical and cultural context using the works of American, European and Russian artists as an example, he proves that art objects installed in city blocks are part of the modern urban environment and, having fit into the broad context of visual art, coexist in union with urban design and national the specifics of the region. But if public art in the West tries to solve the material problems of citizens, then Russian artists working in the style of public art strive to create an atmosphere of intellectual development and emotional experience.
A dynamical computational model of theta generation in hippocampal circuits to study theta-gamma oscillations during neurostimulation
Authors: Vardalakis Nikolaos , Aussel Amélie , Rougier Nicolas P , Wagner Fabien B
Published: June 2023

Neurostimulation of the hippocampal formation has shown promising results for modulating memory but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In particular, the effects on hippocampal theta-nested gamma oscillations and theta phase reset, which are both crucial for memory processes, are unknown. Moreover, these effects cannot be investigated using current computational models, which consider theta oscillations with a fixed amplitude and phase velocity. Here, we developed a novel computational model that includes the medial septum, represented as a set of abstract Kuramoto oscillators producing a dynamical theta rhythm with phase reset, and the hippocampal formation, composed of biophysically realistic neurons and able to generate theta-nested gamma oscillations under theta drive. We showed that, for theta inputs just below the threshold to induce self-sustained theta-nested gamma oscillations, a single stimulation pulse could switch the network behavior from non-oscillatory to a state producing sustained oscillations. Next, we demonstrated that, for a weaker theta input, pulse train stimulation at the theta frequency could transiently restore seemingly physiological oscillations. Importantly, the presence of phase reset influenced whether these two effects depended on the phase at which stimulation onset was delivered, which has practical implications for designing neurostimulation protocols that are triggered by the phase of ongoing theta oscillations. This novel model opens new avenues for studying the effects of neurostimulation on the hippocampal formation. Furthermore, our hybrid approach that combines different levels of abstraction could be extended in future work to other neural circuits that produce dynamical brain rhythms.
Genetic and karyotype divergence between parents affect clonality and sterility in hybrids
Authors: Marta Anatolie , Tichopád Tomáš , Bartoš Oldřich , Klíma Jiří , Shah Mujahid Ali , Bohlen Vendula Šlechtová , Bohlen Joerg , Halačka Karel , Choleva Lukáš , Stöck Matthias , Dedukh Dmitrij , Janko Karel
Published: June 2023

Asexual reproduction can be triggered by interspecific hybridization, but its emergence is supposedly rare, relying on exceptional combinations of suitable genomes. To examine how genomic and karyotype divergence between parental lineages affect the incidence of asexual gametogenesis, we experimentally hybridized fishes (Cobitidae) across a broad phylogenetic spectrum, assessed by whole exome data. Gametogenic pathways generally followed a continuum from sexual reproduction in hybrids between closely related evolutionary lineages to sterile or inviable crosses between distant lineages. However, most crosses resulted in a combination of sterile males and asexually-reproducing females. Their gametes usually experienced problems in chromosome pairing, but females also produced a certain proportion of oocytes with premeiotically duplicated genomes, enabling their development into clonal eggs. Interspecific hybridization may thus commonly affect cell cycles in a specific way, allowing the formation of unreduced oocytes. The emergence of asexual gametogenesis appears tightly linked to hybrid sterility and constitutes an inherent part of the extended speciation continuum.
Lp-PLA2 silencing ameliorates inflammation and autophagy in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis through inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 pathway
Authors: Yao Jinmei , Zhao Ying
Published: June 2023

Background

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a common cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, is characterized by inflammation and hepatocellular injury. Our research focuses on lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), an inflammation-related biomarker that has recently garnered interest in the context of NASH due to its potential roles in disease pathogenesis and progression.

Methods

We established a NASH mouse model using a high-fat diet (HFD) and treated it with sh-Lp-PLA2 and/or rapamycin (an mTOR inhibitor). Lp-PLA2 expression in NASH mice was detected by qRT-PCR. Serum levels of liver function parameters and inflammatory cytokines were detected using corresponding assay kits. We examined pathological changes in liver using hematoxylin-eosin, oil red O, and Masson staining, and observed autophagy through transmission electron microscopy. The protein levels of Lp-PLA2, mTOR, light chain 3 (LC3) II/I, phosphorylated Janus kinase 2 (p-JAK2)/JAK2, and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3)/STAT3 were determined by western blotting. Kupffer cells extracted from C57BL/6J mice were treated to replicate NASH conditions and treated with sh-Lp-PLA2, rapamycin, and/or a JAK2-inhibitor to further verify the roles and mechanisms of Lp-PLA2 in NASH.

Results

Our data indicate an upregulation of Lp-PLA2 expression in HFD-induced NASH mice. Silencing Lp-PLA2 in NASH mice reduced liver damage and inflammation markers (aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6)), while increasing IL-10 levels, an anti-inflammatory cytokine. Additionally, Lp-PLA2 silencing decreased lipid and collagen accumulation and promoted autophagy. The beneficial effects of sh-Lp-PLA2 on NASH were enhanced by rapamycin. Furthermore, Lp-PLA2 silencing resulted in the downregulation of the expression of p-JAK2/JAK2 and p-STAT3/STAT3 in NASH mice. Similar results were observed in Kupffer cells treated under NASH conditions; Lp-PLA2 silencing promoted autophagy and repressed inflammation, effects which were potentiated by the addition of rapamycin or a JAK2-inhibitor.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that silencing Lp-PLA2 promotes autophagy via deactivating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, thereby restraining NASH progression. This highlights the potential therapeutic value of targeting Lp-PLA2, adding a new dimension to our understanding of NASH pathogenesis and treatment strategies.
The Impact of Digital Finance on Import and Export Trade in 31 Provinces in China: A PVAR Model Approach
Authors: Lv Wang , Xia Xiao , Xinru Li , Jiaqi Gu
Published: June 2023

This paper provides an analysis of the current state of digital finance in China and the import and export trade situation in 31 provinces. Through an examination of relevant literature, the article identifies the different stages of development that digital finance has undergone in China. To further explore the relationship between digital finance and import or export trade, a PVAR model was constructed. In this model, the Digital Inclusive Finance Index (2011-2020) calculated by the Peking University Digital Finance Center research group was used as the core explanatory variable, while the import and export trade volume of 31 provinces and cities (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) were selected as the explained variable. Our findings suggest that: (1) the current state of foreign trade is relatively mature and in a period of high-quality development and transformation, and digital inclusive finance is in the high growth period. (2) the development of digital finance has little impact on the development of foreign trade, while the development of foreign trade will make significant effects of digital inclusive finance. Based on these conclusions, we provide policy recommendations to achieve common prosperity through the use of digital finance and foreign trade.
Influence of Seaweed Sap and Zinc on Growth and Yield of Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Simha Krishnapuram Jaya , Debbarma Victor
Published: June 2023

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif (August- October) 2022 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology And Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P). The soil of the field constituting a part of central gangetic alluvium is neutral and deep. The soil of the experimental field was sandy loam in texture, slightly alkaline in soil reaction (pH 8), low level of organic carbon (0.28%), available N (219 Kg/ha), P (11.6 kg/ha) and K (217.2 kg/ha). The experiment was conducted in randomized block design consisting of 10 treatments with 3 different levels of Seaweed sap viz. 5%, 10%, 15% (15 & 30 DAS), three different levels of Zinc viz. 10, 15, 20 (basal application) with 3 replications and the treatments were allocated randomly in each replication. The results showed that treatment 9 [ZnSO4 (20kg/ha) + Seaweed sap (15%)] recorded significantly higher plant height (176.75 cm), higher plant dry weight(g) (88.42), higher crop growth rate (97.53), higher relative growth rate (0.0910), maximum number of cobs/plant (3), maximum length of cob/plant (16.90 cm), maximum grith of cob (13.02 cm), maximum cob weight with husk(g) (47.57 g), maximum cob weight without husk(g) (12.01 g), maximum cob yield with husk (9.95 t/ha), maximum green fodder yield (24.61 t/ha) compare to other treatments. The maximum gross returns (99,500.00 INR/ha), maximum net return (62,464.00 INR/ha) and highest benefit cost ratio (1.68) was recorded in treatment 9 [ZnSO4 (20kg/ha) + Seaweed sap (15%)] as compared to other treatments. Minimum parameters were recorded in treatment 10 control plot with RDF 100:60:40 kg/ha NPK.
Digital Innovation Piracy in Online Entertainment Media in Indonesia: Determinants of Individual Planned Behavior
Authors: Lestari Elisa Jayanti , Hartono Arif
Published: June 2023

Aims: The study aims to identify factors that influence individual planned behavior and digital piracy intentions, specifically related to entertainment platform piracy in Indonesia, using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) approach to better understand piracy practices. This research was conducted in Indonesia, without being limited by geographical area.

Place and Duration of Research: This research was conducted in Indonesia between January and March 2023.

Methodology: The data in the research was obtained from an online survey of 200 respondents. In practice, this research uses a convenience sampling technique that will be applied to respondents via Google form using the SEM analysis type used in this research is Partial Least Square or PLS-SEM.

Results: The results showed that the Theory of Planned Behavior factors in this study (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, perceived risk and moral obligation) have a positive and significant influence on digital piracy intention. The outcome expectation related to the expectancy-value model based on a belief, an attitude, an opinion, or an expectation could be positive of negative from an individual perspective according to the theory of planned behavior. The perceived benefits or the effectiveness of the individual planned behavior should be highlighted with reference to the reduction of negative outcomes or adverse externalities or consequences that can result from the enactment of the behavior. Decision-makers involved in digital piracy on entertainment platforms may consider the overall responsibility as an organisation and their responsibility towards individual behavior while “planning” or “engaging” in a policy of both “taking advantages of digital piracy” and favoring individual planned behavior.
Optimal Design of the Monolithic Flexure Mount for Optical Mirror Using Response Surface Method
Authors: Lee Kyoungho , Nam Byounguk , Nam Sungsik
Published: June 2023

An optimal design of a simple beam-shaped flexure hinge mount supporting an optical mirror is presented. An optical mirror assembly is an opto-mechanically coupled system as the optical and mechanical behaviors interact. This side-supporting mount is flexible in the radial direction and rigid for the remaining degrees of freedom to support the mirror without transferring thermal load. Through thermo-elastic, optical and eigenvalue analysis, opto-mechanical performance was predicted to establish the objective functions for optimization. The key design parameters for this flexure are the thickness and length. To find the optimal values of design parameters, response surface analysis was performed using the design of experiment based on nested FCD. Optimal design candidates were derived from the response surface analysis, and the optimal design shape was confirmed through Opto-mechanical performance validation analysis.
Design of Transfer Alignment Algorithm with Velocity and Azimuth Matching for the Aircraft Having Wing Flexibility
Authors: Kang Suktae
Published: June 2023

A transfer alignment is used to initialize, align, and calibrate a SINS(Slave INS) using a MINS(Master INS) in motion. This paper presents an airborne transfer alignment with velocity and azimuth matching to estimate inertial sensor biases under the wing flexure influence. This study also considers the lever arm, time delay and relative orientation between MINS and SINS. The traditional transfer alignment only uses velocity matching. In contrast, this paper utilizes the azimuth matching to prevent divergence of the azimuth when the aircraft is stationary or quasi-stationary since the azimuth is less affected by the wing flexibility. The performance of the proposed Kalman filter is analyzed using two factors; one is the estimation performance of gyroscope and accelerometer bias and the other is comparing aircraft dynamics and attitude covariance. The performance of the proposed filter is verified using a long term flight test. The test results show that the proposed scheme can be effectively applied to various platforms that require airborne transfer alignment.
A Study On Flight Vibration Environmental Test of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle using Dual Electric Vibration Exciters
Authors: Choi Jangseob , Oh Dongho
Published: June 2023

Analysis of dynamic characteristics and flight vibration test for unmanned aerial vehicles was studied by using dummy test body. The FEM model for dummy test body was supplemented by results of modal and random vibration test. The free end boundary condition to simulate flight environments was made by test setup using bungee cable. Prior to the flight vibration test using a dual electric vibration exciters, the test procedure to calculate quantitative vibration level was studied by using military specification. The actual test was successfully done by using the analysis and pretest results. From the analysis results, it was possible to determine the feasibility of the test by predicting the excitation force of the flight vibration test and to get the response of any point which could not be measured by the test. The results of this study will much contribute to the Test and Evaluation of unmanned aerial vehicles.
A Study on Security Requirements of Shipboard Combat System based on Threat Modelling
Authors: Yun Seong-cheol , Shon Tae-shik
Published: June 2023

The shipboard combat system is a key system for naval combat that supports a command and control process cycle consisting of Detect - Control - Engage in real time to ensure ship viability and conduct combat missions. Modern combat systems were developed on the basis of Open Architecture(OA) to maximize acceptance of latest technology and interoperability between systems, and actively introduced the COTS(Commercial-of-the-shelf). However, as a result of that, vulnerabilities inherent in COTS SW and HW also occurred in the combat system. The importance of combat system cybersecurity is being emphasized but cybersecurity research reflecting the characteristics of the combat system is still lacking in Korea. Therefore, in this paper, we systematically identify combat system threats by applying Data Flow Diagram, Microsoft STRIDE threat modelling methodology. The threats were analyzed using the Attack Tree & Misuse case. Finally we derived the applicable security requirements which can be used at stages of planning and designing combat system and verified security requirements through NIST 800-53 security control items.
Health Literacy and Systemic Racism—Using Clear Communication to Reduce Health Care Inequities
Authors: Coleman Cliff , Birk Samantha , DeVoe Jennifer
Published: June 2023

This Viewpoint describes why people need health information that is easy to understand to make informed decisions about health care and why this is necessary to avoid systemic racism.
Cholinesterase Inhibitors for Treatment of Psychotic Symptoms in Alzheimer Disease and Parkinson Disease
Authors: d’Angremont Emile , Begemann Marieke J. H. , van Laar Teus , Sommer Iris E. C.
Published: June 2023

Importance

Psychotic symptoms greatly increase the burden of disease for people with neurodegenerative disorders and their caregivers. Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) may be effective treatment for psychotic symptoms in these disorders. Previous trials only evaluated neuropsychiatric symptoms as a secondary and an overall outcome, potentially blurring the outcomes noted with ChEI use specifically for psychotic symptoms.

Objective

To quantitatively assess the use of ChEIs for treatment of individual neuropsychiatric symptoms, specifically hallucinations and delusions, in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).

Data Sources

A systematic search was performed in PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, and PsychInfo, without year restrictions. Additional eligible studies were retrieved from reference lists. The final search cutoff date was April 21, 2022.

Study Selection

Studies were selected if they presented the results of placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials, including at least 1 donepezil, rivastigmine, or galantamine treatment arm in patients with AD, PD, or DLB; if they applied at least 1 neuropsychiatric measure including hallucinations and/or delusions; and if a full-text version of the study was available in the English language. Study selection was performed and checked by multiple reviewers.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Original research data were requested on eligible studies. A 2-stage meta-analysis was then performed, using random-effects models. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines were followed for extracting data and assessing the data quality and validity. Data extraction was checked by a second reviewer.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Primary outcomes were hallucinations and delusions; secondary outcomes included all other individual neuropsychiatric subdomains as well as the total neuropsychiatric score.

Results

In total, 34 eligible randomized clinical trials were selected. Individual participant data on 6649 individuals (3830 [62.6%] women; mean [SD] age, 75.0 [8.2] years) were obtained from 17 trials (AD: n = 12; PD: n = 5; individual participant data were not available for DLB). An association with ChEI treatment was shown in the AD subgroup for delusions (−0.08; 95% CI, −0.14 to −0.03; P = .006) and hallucinations (−0.09; 95% CI, −0.14 to −0.04; P = .003) and in the PD subgroup for delusions (−0.14; 95% CI, −0.26 to −0.01; P = .04) and hallucinations (−0.08, 95% CI −0.13 to −0.03; P = .01).

Conclusions and Relevance

The results of this individual participant data meta-analysis suggest that ChEI treatment improves psychotic symptoms in patients with AD and PD with small effect sizes.
Crystal structures of Na+,K+‐ATPase reveal the mechanism that converts the K+‐bound form to Na+‐bound form and opens and closes the cytoplasmic gate
Authors: Kanai Ryuta , Vilsen Bente , Cornelius Flemming , Toyoshima Chikashi
Published: June 2023

Na+,K+‐ATPase (NKA) plays a pivotal role in establishing electrochemical gradients for Na+ and K+ across the cell membrane by alternating between the E1 (showing high affinity for Na+ and low affinity for K+) and E2 (low affinity to Na+ and high affinity to K+) forms. Presented here are two crystal structures of NKA in E1·Mg2+ and E1·3Na+ states at 2.9 and 2.8 Å resolution, respectively. These two E1 structures fill a gap in our description of the NKA reaction cycle based on the atomic structures. We describe how NKA converts the K+‐bound E2·2K+ form to an E1 (E1·Mg2+) form, which allows high‐affinity Na+ binding, eventually closing the cytoplasmic gate (in E1 ~ P·ADP·3Na+) after binding three Na+, while keeping the extracellular ion pathway sealed. We now understand previously unknown functional roles for several parts of NKA and that NKA uses even the lipid bilayer for gating the ion pathway.
Chrysin 7‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside increases hepatic low‐density lipoprotein receptor expression through AMP‐activated protein kinase activation
Authors: Kaname Naoki , Fujimaki Takahiro , Horikoshi Shotaro , Fujimura Kaito , Kodaka Manami , Wakamori Shinnosuke , Katsuta Ryo , Ishigami Ken , Suzuki Tsukasa , Yamamoto Yuji , Inoue Jun
Published: June 2023

Elevated plasma low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level is a risk factor for developing atherosclerosis. Increased LDL receptor (LDLR) expression is expected to reduce the risk of atherosclerotic disease since hepatic LDLR is essential for clearing plasma LDL cholesterol. Here, we screened human LDLR promoter effectors and observed that extracts from peduncles of sweet cherry (Prunus avium) ‘Sato‐Nishiki’ induce LDLR gene promoter activity. We used several analytical and chemical methods to show that chrysin 7‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (chrysin‐7G) is one of the compounds that stimulate LDLR gene promoter activity in cherry peduncle extracts. Furthermore, synthetic chrysin‐7G increased the expression and activity of LDLR. The chrysin‐7G–mediated increase in LDLR expression and activity was completely abolished by treatment with an AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor, compound C. These results indicate that chrysin‐7G increases LDLR expression through AMPK activation and may be a useful compound that can be recycled from waste parts of agricultural products.
Sintering Temperature Dependence of the Flexibility of ZrO2‐Modified Aluminum Titanate Flexible Ceramics
Authors: Ma Qian , Shui Anze , Shan Qingliang , Chen Changrong , He Chao
Published: June 2023

ZrO2‐modified aluminum titanate (Al2TiO5, AT) flexible ceramics are prepared by solid‐state reaction method. The influence of sintering temperature and holding time on the microstructure and mechanical properties is investigated. Temperature‐dependence behavior of the flexibility is observed. It is believed that temperature‐dependence behavior of AT grain aspect ratio should take responsibility. However, average value of the aspect ratio remains unchanged regardless of holding time. Reasons are as follows: the formed zirconium titanate (ZrTiO4, ZT) grains could pin in AT grain boundaries, and internal stress generates between AT/ZT boundaries during grain growth process, thus inhibiting AT grain growth and reducing its growth rate, leading to AT grain refinement and increase of its aspect ratio. But, the increase of holding time reduces the inhibition effect and the increase of temperature strengthens the effect, resulting in rapid AT grain growth, especially its width. As a result, though the length and width of AT grains increase with the increase of holding time, its aspect ratio remains unchanged. On these bases, AT grain growth model related to holding time is proposed. It is expectable that the discovery of this study can deepen the research of particle pinning and provide a reference for abnormal grain growth.
Gate‐Defined Josephson Weak‐Links in Monolayer WTe2
Authors: Randle Michael D. , Hosoda Masayuki , Deacon Russell S. , Ohtomo Manabu , Zellekens Patrick , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Okazaki Shota , Sasagawa Takao , Kawaguchi Kenichi , Sato Shintaro , Ishibashi Koji
Published: June 2023

Systems combining superconductors with topological insulators offer a platform for the study of Majorana bound states and a possible route to realize fault tolerant topological quantum computation. Among the systems being considered in this field, monolayers of tungsten ditelluride (WTe2) have a rare combination of properties. Notably, it has been demonstrated to be a quantum spin Hall insulator (QSHI) and can easily be gated into a superconducting state. Measurements on gate‐defined Josephson weak‐link devices fabricated using monolayer WTe2 are reported. It is found that consideration of the 2D superconducting leads are critical in the interpretation of magnetic interference in the resulting junctions. The reported fabrication procedures suggest a facile way to produce further devices from this technically challenging material and the results mark the first step toward realizing versatile all‐in‐one topological Josephson weak‐links using monolayer WTe2.
Ultralow Tip‐Force Driven Sizable‐Area Domain Manipulation through Transverse Flexoelectricity
Authors: Lun Yingzhuo , Wang Xueyun , Kang Jiaqian , Ren Qi , Wang Tingjun , Han Wuxiao , Gao Ziyan , Huang Houbing , Chen Yabin , Chen Long‐Qing , Fang Daining , Hong Jiawang
Published: June 2023

Deterministic control of ferroelectric domain is critical in the ferroelectric functional electronics. Ferroelectric polarization can be manipulated mechanically with a nano‐tip through flexoelectricity. However, it usually occurs in a very localized area in ultrathin films, with possible permanent surface damage caused by a large tip‐force. Here it is demonstrated that the deliberate engineering of transverse flexoelectricity offers a powerful tool for improving the mechanical domain switching. Sizable‐area domain switching under an ultralow tip‐force can be realized in suspended van der Waals ferroelectrics with the surface intact, due to the enhanced transverse flexoelectric field. The film thickness range for domain switching in suspended ferroelectrics is significantly improved by an order of magnitude to hundreds of nanometers, being far beyond the limited range of the substrate‐supported ones. The experimental results and phase‐field simulations further reveal the crucial role of the transverse flexoelectricity in the domain manipulation. This large‐scale mechanical manipulation of ferroelectric domain provides opportunities for the flexoelectricity‐based domain controls in emerging low‐dimensional ferroelectrics and related devices.
Advancing In Situ Food Monitoring through a Smart Lab‐in‐a‐Package System Demonstrated by the Detection of Salmonella in Whole Chicken
Authors: Prasad Akansha , Khan Shadman , Monteiro Jonathan K. , Li Jiuxing , Arshad Fatima , Ladouceur Liane , Tian Lei , Shakeri Amid , Filipe Carlos D. M. , Li Yingfu , Didar Tohid F.
Published: June 2023

With food production shifting away from traditional farm‐to‐table approaches to efficient multistep supply chains, the incidence of food contamination has increased. Consequently, pathogen testing via inefficient culture‐based methods has increased, despite its lack of real‐time capabilities and need for centralized facilities. While in situ pathogen detection would address these limitations and enable individual product monitoring, accurate detection within unprocessed, packaged food products without user manipulation has proven elusive. Herein, “Lab‐in‐a‐Package” is presented, a platform capable of sampling, concentrating, and detecting target pathogens within closed food packaging, without intervention. This system consists of a newly designed packaging tray and reagent‐infused membrane that can be paired universally with diverse pathogen sensors. The inclined food packaging tray maximizes fluid localization onto the sensing interface, while the membrane acts as a reagent‐immobilizing matrix and an antifouling barrier for the sensor. The platform is substantiated using a newly discovered Salmonella‐responsive nucleic acid probe, which enables hands‐free detection of 103 colony forming units (CFU) g−1 target pathogen in a packaged whole chicken. The platform remains effective when contamination is introduced with toolsand surfaces, ensuring widespread efficacy. Its real‐world use for in situ detection is simulated using a handheld fluorescence scanner with smartphone connectivity.
Photoelectron “Bridge” in Van Der Waals Heterojunction for Enhanced Photocatalytic CO2 Conversion Under Visible Light
Authors: Ismail Pir Muhammad , Ali Sajjad , Ali Sharafat , Li Jiahao , Liu Min , Yan Dong , Raziq Fazal , Wahid Fazli , Li Guojing , Yuan Shuhua , Wu Xiaoqiang , Yi Jiabao , Chen Jun Song , Wang Qingyuan , Zhong Li , Yang Ye , Xia Pengfei , Qiao Liang
Published: June 2023

Constructing Van der Waals heterojunction is a crucial strategy to achieve excellent photocatalytic activity. However, in most Van der Waals heterojunctions synthesized by ex situ assembly, electron transfer encounters huge hindrances at the interface between the two components due to the large spacing and potential barrier. Herein, a phosphate‐bridged Van der Waals heterojunction of cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc)/tungsten disulfide (WS2) bridged by phosphate (xCoPc‐nPO4−‐WS2) is designed and prepared by the traditional wet chemistry method. By introducing a small phosphate molecule into the interface of CoPc and WS2, creates an electron “bridge”, resulting in a compact combination and eliminating the space barrier. Therefore, the phosphate (PO4−) bridge can serve as an efficient electron transfer channel in heterojunction and can efficiently transmit photoelectrons from WS2 to CoPc under excited states. These excited photoelectrons are captured by the catalytic central Co2+ in CoPc and subsequently convert CO2 molecules into CO and CH4 products, achieving 17‐fold enhancement on the 3CoPc‐0.6PO4−‐WS2 sample compared to that of pure WS2. Introducing a small molecule “bridge” to create an electron transfer channel provides a new perspective in designing efficient photocatalysts for photocatalytic CO2 reduction into valuable products.
Spin‐State Modulation on Metal–Organic Frameworks for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: He Fan , Zheng Qiang , Yang Xiaoxuan , Wang Liguang , Zhao Zilin , Xu Yunkai , Hu Lingzi , Kuang Yongbo , Yang Bin , Li Zhongjian , Lei Lecheng , Qiu Ming , Lu Jun , Hou Yang
Published: June 2023

Electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics are heavily correlated with hybridization of the transition metal d‐orbital and oxygen intermediate p‐orbital, which dictates the barriers of intermediate adsorption/desorption on the active sites of catalysts. Herein, a strategy is developed involving strain engineering and coordination regulation to enhance the hybridization of Ni 3d and O 2p orbitals, and the as‐synthesized Ni‐2,6‐naphthalenedicarboxylic acid metal–organic framework (DD‐Ni‐NDA) nanosheets deliver a low OER overpotential of 260 mV to reach 10 mA cm−2. By integrating an alkaline anion exchange membrane electrolyzer and Pt/C electrode, 200 and 500 mA cm−2 current densities are reached with cell voltages of 1.6 and 2.1 V, respectively. When loaded on a BiVO4 photoanode, the nanosheet enables highly active solar‐driven water oxygen. Structural characterizations together with theoretical calculations reveal that the spin state of the centre Ni atoms is regulated by the tensile strain and unsaturated coordination defects in DD‐Ni‐NDA, and such spin regulation facilitates spin‐dependent charge transfer of the OER. Molecular orbital hybridization analysis reveals the mechanism of OH* and OOH* adsorption energy regulation by changes in the DD‐Ni‐NDA spin state, which provides a deeper understanding of the electronic structure design of catalysts for the OER.
Fully Inkjet‐Printed Perovskite Microlaser with an Outcoupling Waveguide
Authors: Smirnov Artyom , Polushkin Artem , Falchevskaya Aleksandra , Mikhailova Mariia , Shamkhi Hadi , Zelenkov Lev , Pogosian Tamara , Morozov Maxim , Makarov Sergey , Vinogradov Alexandr
Published: June 2023

Photonic materials based on metal halide perovskites undergo rapid development owing to their unique optical properties and facile synthesis. Concurrently, there is also a growing interest in integrated photonics that can combine several elements on one chip. Nowadays technologies of integrated photonics are based on the traditional mask lithography combined with physical or chemical deposition methods. In this study, the possibility of facile fabrication of a simple pair of photonic elements is addressed, such as a microresonator with an outcoupling waveguide by means of inkjet printing on a glass substrate covered by a layer of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The printed laser has revealed an appreciably high laser emission with aQ‐factor of 3300 and a threshold excitation fluence of 34 µJ·cm−2. The outcoupling waveguide has demonstrated the capability to transfer a reasonable part of the emitted radiation. The experimental results with a numerical simulation based on an appropriate physical model are also rationalized. Thus, the study points out a perspective for integrated photonics to be possibly implemented with this relatively cheap, flexible, and scalable fabrication method.
An Ultra‐Broadband Yellow‐Emitting Phosphor KRbCa0.8Mg0.2PO4F:Eu2+ for White Light‐Emitting Diodes with High Color Rendering Index
Authors: Liu Zhengqiang , Li Zebin , Seto Takatoshi , Wang Yuhua
Published: June 2023

Phosphor‐converted white light‐emitting diodes (pc–WLEDs) realized by combining near‐ultraviolet (NUV) chips and multi‐color phosphors are found to be an effective solution to make up the shortcomings of the poor color rendering index and high correlated color temperature of the combination of blue InGaN chips with YAG:Ce3+ yellow phosphor. However, the NUV excited phosphors suffer from deficiencies such as reabsorption and dissonance deterioration rates. To surmount the drawback above, the ion substitution engineering was carried out to the (Rb,K)2CaPO4F:Eu2+ phosphors, and an NUV excited ultra‐broadband yellow‐emitting phosphor was obtained in this work. With the substitution of Mg2+ for Ca2+, the emission intensities of (Rb,K)2CaPO4F:Eu2+ phosphors are significantly improved as well as the thermal stability. Under the excitation of 380 nm, the yellow phosphor KRbCa0.78Mg0.2PO4F:0.02Eu2+ exhibits an ultra‐broad emission band covering the range from 450 to 800 nm with an amazing FWHM of 181 nm. White light with a super‐high color rendering index (Ra = 92.3), appropriate correlated color temperature (5644 K), as well as stable CIE chromaticity coordinates are achieved by the white light‐emitting diodes device fabricated with this yellow phosphor. These excellent performances indicate that KRbCa0.78Mg0.2PO4F:0.02Eu2+ has great potential to be applicated in the NUV excited white LEDs.
Automated Drone‐Delivery Solar‐Driven Onsite Wastewater Smart Monitoring and Treatment System
Authors: He Fengjie , Zhu Ming , Fan Jiawei , Ma Edwin , Zhai Shengjie , Zhao Hui
Published: June 2023

Treating potential polluted water sources is urgent and challenging, especially for natural water sources. Numerous research groups focus on either smart water monitoring or new adsorbent. However, either aspect alone is insufficient for complex nature water source treatment. Here, integrating the state‐of‐art machine learning technique, a sustainable silk‐based bioadsorbent, and wireless Internet of Things, an integrated automated drone‐delivery solar driven onsite water monitoring & treatment system (WMTS) for the contaminated nature water sources is developed. In short, the embedded sensors and microprogrammed control unit capture and upload the real‐time monitoring data to the cloud server for data analysis and optimized treatment strategy. Meanwhile, a grid map system based on the satellite remote sensing images directs the minimum number of WMTS units to cover the entire polluted region. Finally, unmanned aerial vehicles provide autonomous dispatch, operation, and maintenance, especially in hard‐to‐reach sites. Overall, this work offers a general, sustainable, energy‐efficient, and closed‐loop solution toward efficiently alerting and on‐site treating nature water source contamination.