bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calibration of Temperature Effect on Dielectric Probes Using Time Series Field Data
Authors: Saito Tadaomi , Fujimaki Haruyuki , Yasuda Hiroshi , Inosako Koji , Inoue Mitsuhiro
Published: May 2013

Dielectric sensors have been widely used for nondestructive determination of volumetric soil water content (θ). Since the output of such sensors is influenced by soil temperature (T), the calibration for the dependence is indispensable for accurate determination of θ. The objectives of this study were (i) to apply an existing empirical temperature calibration method for capacitance probes to other types of commercial dielectric probes and (ii) to propose a new calibration method using time series of field data that requires no laboratory experiments for temperature calibration. Laboratory experiments were performed to obtain probe outputs at various T (5– 35°C) and θ (air dry–near saturation), using two soils and seven probes. From the results, a calibration equation describing the probe output as a function of θ and T was derived for every soil–probe combination and confirmed that this method is applicable not only to capacitance probes but also to impedance and TDR probes. Time series of field data (θ and T) had been previously monitored with ECH2O EC‐5 and EC‐20 capacitance probes in the Loess Plateau, China. Hourly outputs from the probes and T at the 5‐cm depth were analyzed, and calibration equations were derived using the responses of the probe outputs to daily fluctuation of T. The derived calibration equations from the field data were in good agreement with those from laboratory experiment for both probes. The equation was applied to field data and validly removed the effect of T on the probe output.
Effect of Long‐Term Irrigation with Treated Wastewater on the Root Zone Environment
Authors: Assouline Shmuel , Narkis Kfir
Published: May 2013

The increasing demand for freshwater (FW) for domestic use turns treated wastewater (WW) into an attractive source of water for irrigated agriculture. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of 16 yr of irrigation with WW on the conditions that developed in the root zone of avocado trees planted on clayey soil and compare with FW use. High‐resolution field sampling determined the spatial distribution of chloride, exchangeable sodium percentage, and dissolved organic content below the dripper, revealing higher salinity and sodicity, lower hydraulic conductivity, and possible preferential flow pattern linked to wettability in WW‐irrigated soils. Laboratory measurements on disturbed samples showed that higher swelling pressure developed in the 20‐ to 40‐cm and 40‐ to 60‐cm layers of the WW‐irrigated soil. Finally, continuous monitoring of oxygen concentration at the 10‐, 20‐, and 30‐cm depths in the root zone near the trees and halfway between adjacent trees revealed that the oxygen level at the 20‐cm depth was the most affected by WW irrigation. During the rainfall season, this layer could experience relatively long periods with minimal oxygen concentrations. During the irrigation season, less oxygen is available in that layer than in the FW‐irrigated one. Dynamics of oxygen concentration at the 30‐cm depth show a clear event of wetting and drainage in the FW‐irrigated plots, while the relatively stable high oxygen level in that depth in the WW‐irrigated plots might reveal nonuniform wetting, insufficient water percolation due to low hydraulic conductivity, and related low leaching efficiency of the soil profile.
Difficulty Associated with Donning Medical Compression Stockings: Results from a Survey Comparing Two Different Compression Stockings
Authors: Benigni Jean-Patrick , Branchoux Sébastien , Bacle Irene , Taieb Charles
Published: May 2013

Aim: Although medical compression stockings (MCSs) represent the cornerstone of conservative treatment for patients with chronic venous disease, high rates of noncompliance exist. This study compared comfort levels and the difficulty associated with putting on/removing two different MCSs; a conventional degressive MCS (ankle pressure: 24–28 mmHg; calf pressure: 14–18 mmHg) and a progressive MCS (ankle pressure: 8–12 mmHg; calf pressure: 21–25 mmHg). Patients & methods: Women wearing class III MCSs in the past 3 months were recruited from across France to complete an at-home, investigator-led questionnaire, designed to evaluate their experience with putting on/taking off MCSs. Patients were randomized to two groups (group 1: controls, degressive stocking right leg, then left leg; group 2: degressive stocking right leg, then progressive stocking left leg). Results & conclusion: Patients (n = 102) in group 1 (controls) reported no differences after wearing the degressive MCS on the right leg then the left leg. By contrast, group 2 patients (n = 118) reported statistically significant improvements with the progressive MCS compared with the degressive MCS in all questionnaire parameters, including ‘comfort’ and ‘ease of putting on/taking off’ dimensions. Progressive MCSs were associated with significantly better outcomes (ease of putting on/taking off and comfort) than the conventional MCSs.
Unintended Pregnancies among US Active-Duty Women
Authors: Rabie Nader Z , Magann Everett F
Published: May 2013

Evaluation of: Grindlay K, Grossman D. Unintended pregnancy among active-duty women in the United States military, 2008. Obstetr. Gynecol. 121 (2), 241–246 (2013). This is a study comparing the unintended pregnancy rates of active-duty women in 2008 with those rates in 2005 and the general US population. The data were obtained from the results of the Department of Defense Survey of Health-Related Behaviors among active-duty military personnel in 2005 and 2008. The 2008 survey had data from over 7000 surveys, and the 2005 survey had data from over 3000 surveys. The authors found that the unintended pregnancy rate increased from 2005 to 2008, and is approximately 50% greater than that of the US general population. Investigators also found that pregnancy rates were similar amongst women who were recently deployed. There were higher rates among younger, less educated, nonwhite and married/cohabitating women.
A parameter-free stabilized finite element method for scalar advection-diffusion problems
Authors: Bochev Pavel , Peterson Kara
Published: May 2013

We formulate and study numerically a new, parameter-free stabilized finite element method for advection-diffusion problems. Using properties of compatible finite element spaces we establish connection between nodal diffusive fluxes and one-dimensional diffusion equations on the edges of the mesh. To define the stabilized method we extend this relationship to the advection-diffusion case by solving simplified one-dimensional versions of the governing equations on the edges. Then we use H(curl)-conforming edge elements to expand the resulting edge fluxes into an exponentially fitted flux field inside each element. Substitution of the nodal flux by this new flux completes the formulation of the method. Utilization of edge elements to define the numerical flux and the lack of stabilization parameters differentiate our approach from other stabilized methods. Numerical studies with representative advection-diffusion test problems confirm the excellent stability and robustness of the new method. In particular, the results show minimal overshoots and undershoots for both internal and boundary layers on uniform and non-uniform grids.
Effects of the oxygen minimum zone on squat lobster distributions in the Gulf of California, Mexico
Authors: Hendrickx Michel , Serrano David
Published: May 2013

Distribution of squat lobsters of the genera Gastropthychus (one species), Uroptychus (1), Janetogalathea (1), Galacantha (1), Munidopsis (8), and Munida (7) in the Gulf of California, Mexico, was plotted vs. the localization of the Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ) using bottom projections of the 0.50, 0.25, 0.10, and 0.05 ml l−1 oxylines. Four fringes where oxygen concentrations were equal or lower than these concentrations were obtained, extending from the southern Gulf to about 28°–28°30′N. A total of 172 sampling locations with squat lobsters were plotted on four maps, one for each fringe, noting that with decreasing values of bottom oxygen (i.e., from 0.50 to 0.05 ml l−1) the number of locations with species included between the upper and lower boundaries of these fringes decreases as follows: 34% for 0.50, 25% for 0.25, 12% for 0.10, and 5% for 0.05 ml l−1. The upper and lower limits of the 0.05 ml l−1 fringe are recognised as threshold frontiers, acting as barriers between shallow and deep communities of squat lobsters in the area. The distribution of the localities where species have been collected with respect to the upper and lower boundaries of the 0.05 ml l−1 fringe clearly indicates a segregation pattern. Eight species of Munida (except M. perlata), and one each of Janetogalathea and Gastropthychus inhabit the shallow area, just above the OMZ core, with species of Munida generally found a rather long distance from this fringe. By contrast, species of Munidopsis, G. diomedeae and U. pubescens correspond to the deep area, i.e., below the OMZ core. It is suggested that the core of the OMZ in the Gulf of California serves as a vertical and latitudinal distribution filter, preventing species from freely migrating up and down or south and north.
The diet of the spiny-cheek crayfish Orconectes limosus in the Czech Republic
Authors: Vojkovská Renata , Horká Ivona , Ďuriš Zdeněk
Published: May 2013

The composition of the diet of the invasive spiny-cheek crayfish Orconectes limosus was studied using qualitative and quantitative analyses of stomach contents. A total of 368 specimens collected in 2003–2005 and 2008 in Czech localities were examined, predominantly from the Labe (Elbe) and Vltava River basins. Food components were compared for three size classes of crayfish and both sexes. The following conclusions were reached: (1) the spiny-cheek crayfish is an omnivorous species consuming plants, animals and detritus; (2) quantitatively, the main food component of O. limosus is detritus, while the plant component was second; (3) O. limosus may swallow whole food particles up to 4 mm in size, and the bodies of small animals may sometimes be found undamaged in their stomachs.
Assessment of pork handlers’ knowledge and hygienic status of pig meat shops of Chitwan district focusing campylobacteriosis risk factors
Authors: Ghimire L , Dhakal S , Pandeya YR , Chaulagain S , Mahato BR , Satyal RC , Singh DK
Published: May 2013

Introduction: Campylobacter causes more cases of diarrhoea than Salmonella and pork is considered as a potential source of Campylobacter infection after poultry. This study aims to assess the butchers’ knowledge and hygienic condition of slaughter slabs and retail pork shops of Chitwan district, Nepal focusing campylobacteriosis risk factors. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted from September-2012 to December-2012. Three sets of semi-structured questionnaires were formed each for slaughter slabs, retail pork shops and pork handlers focusing on butchers’ knowledge and hygienic status of pig meat shops. Each of the workers (n=40) of 10 different pork meat shops were interviewed. Results: Sixty-five percent of the pork handlers were aware about pork borne disease but none of them had heard about campylobacteriosis. Chilling practice was adopted only in 16.7% of the slaughter slabs. None of them had separate dirty section. Only 30% of the pork handlers wore apron regularly. None of them wore gloves and masks and 40% even did not wash hands regularly before and after pork handling. The hygienic practices like sanitation of equipments and regular washing of hands were significantly associated (p<0.05) with level of education. Conclusions: Hygienic condition of pig meat shops of Chitwan is poor which exposes workers as well as meat consumers at risk for campylobacteriosis and other meat borne diseases. Since education was found to affect hygienic practices, awareness generation program focusing pig borne zoonotic diseases seems necessary together with trainings on hygienic meat production and selling techniques. DOI: http://doi.dx.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i1.8004 Int J Infect Microbiol 2013;2(1):17-21
Acute psychosis due to brucellosis in a rural Iran: a report of two cases
Authors: Bidaki R , Yassini SM , Maymand MT , Mashayekhi M , Yassini S
Published: May 2013

Introduction: Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that causes multi systemic involvement. Neurobrucellosis occurs in less than 5% of patients. Psychosis as a presentation of neuro-brucellosis is a rare condition. Case Report: We report a woman that was referred because of psychotic depression following brucellosis. Also we present a 66-year-old man that was admitted because of acute psychotic symptoms. He had behavioral disorders, visual and auditory hallucination, restlessness, impulsivity, incoherency and episodic crying. Neurobrucellosis was confirmed. Conclusion: In patients with atypical psychosis in endemic areas, physicians should consider the portability of brucellosis. DOI: http://doi.dx.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i1.8007 Int J Infect Microbiol 2013;2(1):29-31
The Veil of Jinotaj: Naskova's Loviisa of Niskavuori and National Resistance at Prague's Provisional Theatre during the Protectorate
Authors: Pecharova Hana
Published: May 2013

The subject of the present article is the reception of two plays by the Finnish playwright Hella Wuolijoki, Niskavuorennaise, (The Women of Niskavuori) and its sequel, Niskavuoren leipii (The Bread of Niskavuori), which were among many works translated and performed in the Bohemian and Moravian Protectorate under fascist censorship. The first play was produced on the secondary stage of the National Theatre in Prague just before the occupation, and the sequel during the Protectorate regime. The evidence suggests that despite German censorship and despite the previous appearance of Wuolijoki 's The Women of Niskavuori in Nazi Germany, the sequel expressed a covert form of national resistance to the occupation. While such adaptations played a relatively minor role in the repertory as a whole, they worked in a distinctive way to maintain a recognition of Czech national identity and so perfonned an important, if modest, kind of political subversion. Although scholarship on resistance in the theatre in Europe during the Nazi period is only in its beginning stages, the unique story of the Czech "national" theatre in the Protectorate suggests some of the subtler forms of theatrical resistance that took place in occupied Europe during the war.
Staging Schizophrenia: The Workman Theatre Project and Terry Watada's Vincent
Authors: Johnson Kristy
Published: May 2013

Mental illness has a long and varied cultural history, in which theatrical representations have played an important role, reflecting dominant cultural perceptions but also constituting them. As a result, it is important, when investigating mental illness representations onstage, to ask questions about context: What cultural norms and forms do plays reflect or interrogate? Who creates mental illness representations and how? Who performs mental illness and for whom?
Living on the Edge: Memory, Material Circumstances, and Perception in the Theatre of Kama Ginkas
Authors: Van de Water Manon
Published: May 2013

Kama Ginkas is hailed as one of Russia's most innovative directors. His intimate. minimalist, visual productions, based on the work and life of Russia's well-known literary figures — Dostoevsky, Chekhov, and Pushkin — communicate through intuition and emotion, reportedly leaving the audience member with a sense of revelation, disrupting the perceptual norms of the dominant culture.
Book Reviews
Authors: Davis Jim , DiCenzo Maria , Bennett Susan , Lavery Carl , George David , McAuley Gay
Published: May 2013

Jacky Bratton, New Readings in Theatre History, reviewed by Jim Davis

Elaine Aston, Feminist Views on the English Stage: Women Playwrights, 1990-2000, reviewed by Maria DiCenzo

Patrice Pavis, Analyzing Performance: Theater, Dance, and Film, reviewed by Susan Bennett

Daniel Albright, Beckett and Aesthetics, reviewed by Carl Lavery

Maria Delgado, "Other" Spanish Theatres: Erasure and Inscription on the Twentieth-Century Spanish Stage, reviewed by David George

David Wiles, A Short History of Western Performance Space, reviewed by Gay McAuley
"Swallowing the Lie" in Betty Lambert's Jennie's Story
Authors: Kerr Rosalind
Published: May 2013

In the interview with Bonnie Worthington from which the above quotations are taken, Belly Lambert describes the new "fem ale tragic form" that she tried to model in Jennie's Story. Claiming that women have been ill-served by the classic Aristotelian mode, she proposes that her more accurate ref1ection of female experience will show women the futility of sacrificing themselves in the manner of the "lonely individual making that final lofty statement" in "an act of defiance against the forces and the fates". Such heroics, when performed by women, according to Lambert, have no power to change the world. Women who choose to kill themselves to defend their principles only make it easier for other women to step into the place they have vacated
Seizure outcome in surgically treated drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy based on the recent histopathological classifications
Authors: Giulioni Marco , Marucci Gianluca , Martinoni Matteo , Volpi Lilia , Riguzzi Patrizia , Marliani Anna Federica , Bisulli Francesca , Tinuper Paolo , Tassinari Carlo Alberto , Michelucci Roberto , Rubboli Guido
Published: May 2013

Object

The study was performed to investigate the relation between seizure outcome after surgical treatment of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and pathological findings, classified according to the recently proposed classifications of mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS), granule cell pathology (GCP), focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) and epilepsy-associated low-grade tumors (ELGT).

Methods

The authors analyzed data obtained in 120 consecutive cases involving patients presenting with drug-resistant MTLE, who underwent tailored anteromesial temporal lobe resection, and correlated seizure outcome with pathological findings. They identified 5 histopathological groups: Group 1—ELGT, alone or associated with other lesions (30 cases); Group 2—isolated FCD (17 cases); Group 3—MTS, with or without GCP (28 cases); Group 4—MTS associated with FCD, with or without GCP (37 cases); Group 5—other lesions (8 cases).

Results

Engel Class I outcome was observed in 83% of patients with ELGT (Class IA in 63%); in 59% of patients with isolated FCD, with FCD Type II showing a better prognosis than FCD Type I; in 82% of patients with isolated MTS (Class IA in 50%), with MTS Type 1a and MTS Type 1b showing a better prognosis than MTS Type 2 and patients with MTS and GCP having better postsurgical results than those with MTS without GCP. Engel Class I outcome was also achieved in 84% of patients with FCD associated with MTS (Engel Class IA in 62%); also in this group MTS 1a and MTS 1b associated with FCD showed a better prognosis than FCD associated with MTS 2. Finally, Engel Class I was also achieved in 2 patients with vascular malformation and in 1 with a temporal pole encephalocele.

Conclusions

Patients with MTLE and ELGT, MTS, or MTS associated with FCD showed the best postsurgical seizure outcome (Engel Class I in more than 80% of cases), whereas only 63% of patients with isolated FCD achieved the same type of outcome. Interestingly, the analysis of seizure outcome in histopathological subtypes of FCD and of MTS showed different prognoses in the different pathological subgroups, with worse outcomes for atypical MTS, absence of GCP, and isolated FCD Type I.
Nonsurgical treatment of chronic subdural hematoma with tranexamic acid
Authors: Kageyama Hiroshi , Toyooka Terushige , Tsuzuki Nobusuke , Oka Kazunari
Published: May 2013

Object

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common condition after head trauma. It can often be successfully treated surgically by inserting a bur hole and draining the liquefied hematoma. However, to the best of the authors' knowledge, for nonemergency cases not requiring surgery, no reports have indicated the best approach for preventing hematoma enlargement or resolving it completely. The authors hypothesized that hyperfibrinolysis plays a major role in liquefaction of the hematoma. Therefore, they evaluated the ability of an antifibrinolytic drug, tranexamic acid, to completely resolve CSDH compared with bur hole surgery alone.

Methods

From 2007 to 2011, a total of 21 patients with CSDH seen consecutively at Kuki General Hospital, Japan, were given 750 mg of tranexamic acid orally every day. Patients were identified by a retrospective records review, which collected data on the volume of the hematoma (based on radiographic measurements) and any complications. Follow-up for each patient consisted of CT or MRI every 21 days from diagnosis to resolution of the CSDH.

Results

Of the 21 patients, 3 with early stages of CSDH were treated by bur hole surgery before receiving medical therapy. The median duration of clinical and radiographic follow-up was 58 days (range 28–137 days). Before tranexamic acid therapy was initiated, the median hematoma volume for the 21 patients was 58.5 ml (range 7.5–223.2 ml); for the 18 patients who had not undergone surgery, the median hematoma volume was 55.6 ml (range 7.5–140.5 ml). After therapy, the median volume for all 21 patients was 3.7 ml (range 0–22.1 ml). No hematomas recurred or progressed.

Conclusions

Chronic subdural hematoma can be treated with tranexamic acid without concomitant surgery. Tranexamic acid might simultaneously inhibit the fibrinolytic and inflammatory (kinin-kallikrein) systems, which might consequently resolve CSDH. This medical therapy could prevent the early stages of CSDH that can occur after head trauma and the recurrence of CSDH after surgery.
Ossified choroid plexus papilloma of the fourth ventricle: elucidation of the mechanism of osteogenesis in benign brain tumors
Authors: Manjila Sunil , Miller Erin , Awadallah Amad , Murakami Shunichi , Cohen Mark L. , Cohen Alan R.
Published: May 2013

True ossification within benign brain tumors is rare, and the molecular mechanism for this process is poorly understood. The authors report a case of ossified choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) and analyze it to help elucidate the underlying molecular basis of osteogenesis in benign brain tumors. A 21-year-old man presented with headache and depression that progressed over years. Computed tomography, MRI, and angiography demonstrated a large heavily calcified fourth ventricular tumor with a vascular blush and no hydrocephalus. The tumor was resected and was found to be an ossified CPP. Immunohistochemical staining for VEGF, Sox2, BMP-2, osterix, osteopontin, and osteocalcin was performed in an attempt to elucidate the mechanism of bone formation. The tumor was extensively ossified with mature bone trabeculae. Immunostaining for VEGF was positive. Additional staining showed the presence of osteocalcin in this ossified tumor but not in samples of nonossified CPPs collected from other patients. Staining for osterix and osteopontin was equivocally positive in the ossified CPP but also in the nonossified CPPs examined. The presence of osteocalcin in the ossified CPP demonstrates that there is true bone formation rather than simple calcification. Its appearance within cells around the trabeculae suggests the presence of osteoblasts. The presence of osterix suggests that a pluripotent cell, or one that is already partially differentiated, may be differentiated into an osteoblast through this pathway. This represents the first systematic immunohistochemical analysis of osteogenesis within choroid plexus tumors.
Amygdalar neuromelanosis intractable epilepsy without leptomeningeal involvement
Authors: Taylor Douglas R. , Wait Scott D. , Wheless James W. , Boop Frederick A.
Published: May 2013

Neurocutaneous melanosis (NCM) is a rare, congenital neuroectodermal dysplasia generally resulting in early death from neurological decline due to leptomeningeal involvement. Nonmeningeal CNS epileptogenic lesions presenting in later childhood in the absence of leptomeningeal disease are rare. This report summarizes a rare presentation and curative epilepsy surgery.

The authors discuss the case of a 14-year-old girl with NCM who originally presented with intractable partial-onset seizures. The MRI, PET, and SPECT studies subsequently revealed a focal epileptogenic source in the right temporal lobe. Results of video-electroencephalography monitoring concurred with the imaging findings, and a right temporal lobectomy was performed including the medial structures. Following surgery, histopathological features of the lesion included multiple scattered mononuclear cells with brown pigmentation in the amygdala specimen. The patient remains seizure free 2 years postresection, and no longer needs medication for seizure management.

This patient presented with an atypical CNS manifestation of NCM that is curable by epilepsy surgery. Her intractable epilepsy developed secondary to amygdalar neuromelanosis, which had no associated leptomeningeal melanosis, an uncommon occurrence. As evidenced by the lack of seizure activity following resection, the patient's quality of life greatly improved after neurological surgery.
Registration of ‘UI Stone’ Soft White Spring Wheat
Authors: Chen J. , Wheeler J. , Clayton J. , Zhao W. , O'Brien K. , Zhang J. , Jackson C. , Marshall J. M. , Brown B. D. , Campbell K. , Chen X. M. , Zemetra R. , Souza E. J.
Published: May 2013

‘Soft white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important wheat class for domestic and international markets and is widely grown in the U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW). The objective of this study was to develop a soft white spring (SWS) wheat cultivar with high grain yield, desirable end‐use quality, and resistance to Fusarium head blight [FHB; caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe; telomorph Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch], an emerging disease of spring wheat in southern Idaho and some areas in the PNW. ‘UI Stone’ (Reg. No. CV‐1088, PI 660550) SWS wheat was developed by the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station using a modified backcross breeding procedure. UI Stone was derived from a backcross ‘Pomerelle’ *2/‘Tui’ made in 1994 in Aberdeen, ID and tested under experimental numbers A94368‐B‐7 and IDO599. UI Stone was released for its superior grain yield under both unirrigated and irrigated production conditions in southern Idaho and the PNW, its excellent end‐use quality, and its resistance to FHB. The heading date of UI Stone is similar to that of the early‐maturity cultivar ‘Nick’ but later than that of ‘UI Pettit’ (PI 620631) and earlier than that of ‘Alturas’ (PI 620631), ‘Louise’ (PI 634865), and ‘Alpowa’ (PI 566596). UI Stone has potential to replace Alturas and UI Pettit in southern Idaho and to replace Alpowa, Louise, and Nick in the PNW.
Deleuze Challenges Kolmogorov on a Calculus of Problems
Authors: Dumoncel Jean-Claude
Published: May 2013

In 1932 Kolmogorov created a calculus of problems. This calculus became known to Deleuze through a 1945 paper by Paulette Destouches-Février. In it, he ultimately recognised a deepening of mathematical intuitionism. However, from the beginning, he proceeded to show its limits through a return to the Leibnizian project of Calculemus taken in its metaphysical stance. In the carrying out of this project, which is illustrated through a paradigm borrowed from Spinoza, the formal parallelism between problems, Leibnizian themes and Peircean rhemes provides the key idea. By relying on this parallelism and by spreading the dialectic defined by Lautman with its ‘logical drama’ onto a Platonic perspective, we will attempt to obtain Deleuze's full calculus of problems. In investigating how the same Idea may be in mathematics and in philosophy, we will proceed to show how this calculus of problems qualifies not only as a paradigm of the Idea but also as the apex of transdiciplinarity.2
Who Are Our Nomads Today?: Deleuze's Political Ontology and the Revolutionary Problematic
Authors: Lundy Craig
Published: May 2013

This paper will address the question of the revolution in Gilles Deleuze's political ontology. More specifically, it will explore what kind of person Deleuze believes is capable of bringing about genuine and practical transformation. Contrary to the belief that a Deleuzian programme for change centres on the facilitation of ‘absolute deterritorialisation’ and pure ‘lines of flight’, I will demonstrate how Deleuze in fact advocates a more cautious and incremental if not conservative practice that promotes the ethic of prudence. This will be achieved in part through a critical analysis of the dualistic premises upon which much Deleuzian political philosophy is based, alongside the topological triads that can also be found in his work. In light of this critique, Deleuze's thoughts on what it is to be and become a revolutionary will be brought into relief, giving rise to the question: who really is Deleuze's nomad, his true revolutionary or figure of transformation?
Differential Effects of Chronic and Chronic-Intermittent Ethanol Treatment and Its Withdrawal on the Expression of miRNAs
Authors: Van Steenwyk Gretchen , Janeczek Paulina , Lewohl Joanne
Published: May 2013

Chronic and excessive alcohol misuse results in changes in the expression of selected miRNAs and their mRNA targets in specific regions of the human brain. These expression changes likely underlie the cellular adaptations to long term alcohol misuse. In order to delineate the mechanism by which these expression changes occur, we have measured the expression of six miRNAs including miR-7, miR-153, miR-152, miR-15B, miR-203 and miR-144 in HEK293T, SH SY5Y and 1321 N1 cells following exposure to ethanol. These miRNAs are predicted to target key genes involved in the pathophysiology of alcoholism. Chronic and chronic-intermittent exposure to ethanol, and its removal, resulted in specific changes in miRNA expression in each cell line suggesting that different expression patterns can be elicited with different exposure paradigms and that the mechanism of ethanol’s effects is dependent on cell type. Specifically, chronic exposure to ethanol for five days followed by a five day withdrawal period resulted in up-regulation of several miRNAs in each of these cell lines similar to expression changes identified in post mortem human brain. Thus, this model can be used to elucidate the role of miRNAs in regulating gene expression changes that occur in response to ethanol exposure.
The Reality Monitoring Deficit as a Common Neuropsychological Correlate of Schizophrenic and Affective Psychosis
Authors: Radaelli Daniele , Benedetti Francesco , Cavallaro Roberto , Colombo Cristina , Smeraldi Enrico
Published: May 2013

For many decades, Neuropsychological functioning has been a key point in the study of psychotic disorders. The main aim of these studies is to give a description of the neurocognitive “profile” of schizophrenia, with only little attention being paid to the common and discriminating features of different psychotic disorders. Recent studies support the hypothesis that patients affected by psychiatric disorders with psychotic symptoms have specific abnormalities of reality testing of ongoing perception, which become evident with source monitoring task. Ninety-eight patients and 50 controls were studied. Patients were divided by diagnosis and previous history of psychotic features and were administered Source Monitoring Task to test reality testing of ongoing perception. Frequencies of correct and false attributions were recorded. To obtain measures of observer sensitivity and response biases, a signal detection analysis was performed. Aims: Studying neuropsychological correlate of psychosis in euthymic mood disordered patients and patients with schizophrenia with or without delusions. Results: Patients with psychotic features use more lax criteria in evaluating self-generated, but not perceived stimuli compared to patients without psychotic features. Conclusions: Our findings support the hypothesis of selective biases in reality monitoring as neuropsychological correlates of psychosis.
On the Present Halting of Global Warming
Authors: Akasofu Syun-Ichi
Published: May 2013

The rise in global average temperature over the last century has halted since roughly the year 2000, despite the fact that the release of CO2 into the atmosphere is still increasing. It is suggested here that this interruption has been caused by the suspension of the near linear (+ 0.5 °C/100 years or 0.05 °C/10 years) temperature increase over the last two centuries, due to recovery from the Little Ice Age, by a superposed multi-decadal oscillation of a 0.2 °C amplitude and a 50~60 year period, which reached its positive peak in about the year 2000—a halting similar to those that occurred around 1880 and 1940. Because both the near linear change and the multi-decadal oscillation are likely to be natural changes (the recovery from the Little Ice Age (LIA) and an oscillation related to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), respectively), they must be carefully subtracted from temperature data before estimating the effects of CO2.
Evaluation of Structural Changes in the Coal Specimen Heating Process and UCG Model Experiments for Developing Efficient UCG Systems
Authors: Su Faqiang , Nakanowataru Takuya , Itakura Ken-ichi , Ohga Koutarou , Deguchi Gota
Published: May 2013

In the underground coal gasification (UCG) process, cavity growth with crack extension inside the coal seam is an important phenomenon that directly influences gasification efficiency. An efficient and environmentally friendly UCG system also relies upon the precise control and evaluation of the gasification zone. This paper presents details of laboratory studies undertaken to evaluate structural changes that occur inside the coal under thermal stress and to evaluate underground coal-oxygen gasification simulated in an ex-situ reactor. The effects of feed temperature, the direction of the stratified plane, and the inherent microcracks on the coal fracture and crack extension were investigated using some heating experiments performed using plate-shaped and cylindrical coal specimens. To monitor the failure process and to measure the microcrack distribution inside the coal specimen before and after heating, acoustic emission (AE) analysis and X-ray CT were applied. We also introduce a laboratory-scale UCG model experiment conducted with set design and operating parameters. The temperature profiles, AE activities, product gas concentration as well as the gasifier weight lossess were measured successively during gasification. The product gas mainly comprised combustible components such as CO, CH4, and H2 (27.5, 5.5, and 17.2 vol% respectively), which produced a high average calorific value (9.1 MJ/m3).
Isolation of Multipotent Nestin-Expressing Stem Cells Derived from the Epidermis of Elderly Humans and TAT-VHL Peptide-Mediated Neuronal Differentiation of These Cells
Authors: Kanno Hiroshi , Kubo Atsuhiko , Yoshizumi Tetsuya , Mikami Taro , Maegawa Jiro
Published: May 2013

A specialized population of cells residing in the hair follicle is quiescent but shows pluripotency for differentiating into epithelial-mesenchymal lineage cells. Therefore, such cells are hoped to be useful as implantable donor cells for regenerative therapy. Recently, it was reported that intracellular delivery of TAT-VHL peptide induces neuronal differentiation of skin-derived precursors. In the present study, we successfully isolated multipotent stem cells derived from the epidermis of elderly humans, characterized these cells as being capable of sphere formation and strong expression of nestin, fibronectin, and CD34 but not of keratin 15, and identified the niche of these cells as being the outer root sheath of the hair follicles. In addition, we showed that TAT-VHL peptide induced their neuronal differentiation in vitro, and confirmed by fluorescence immunohistochemistry the neuronal differentiation of such peptide-treated cells implanted into rodent brains. These multipotent nestin-expressing stem cells derived from human epidermis are easily accessible and should be useful as donor cells for neuronal regenerative cell therapy.
Herb-Herb Combination for Therapeutic Enhancement and Advancement: Theory, Practice and Future Perspectives
Authors: Che Chun-Tao , Wang Zhi , Chow Moses , Lam Christopher
Published: May 2013

Herb-herb combinations have been used in Chinese medicine practice for thousands of years, yet scientific evidence of their therapeutic benefits is lacking. With increasing interest in shifting from the one-drug-one-target paradigm to combination therapy or polypharmacy to achieve therapeutic benefits for a number of diseases, there is momentum to explore new knowledge by tapping the past empirical experiences of herb-herb combinations. This review presents an overview of the traditional concept and practice of herb-herb combination in Chinese medicine, and highlights the available scientific and clinical evidence to support the combined use of herbs. It is hoped that such information would provide a lead for developing new approaches for future therapeutic advancement and pharmaceutical product development. Very likely modern technologies combined with innovative research for the quality control of herbal products, identification of active components and understanding of the molecular mechanism, followed by well-designed animal and clinical studies would pave the way in advancing the wealth of empirical knowledge from herb-herb combination to new therapeutic modalities.
Dual-Specific Interaction to Detect DNA on Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Feng Chuan-Liang , Dou Xiao-Qiu , Liu Qing-Lei , Zhang Wang , Gu Jia-Jun , Zhu Shen-Min , Jenkins Andrew , Zhang Di
Published: May 2013

An approach to selectively and efficiently detect single strand DNA is developed by using streptavidin coated gold nanoparticles (StAuNPs) as efficient quenchers. The central concept for the successful detection is the combination the of streptavidin-biotin interaction with specific probe-target DNA hybridization. Biotin labeled probe DNAs act as “bridges” to bring Cy5 labeled targets to the particle surface and the fluorophore dye can be rapidly and efficiently quenched by StAuPNs. By measuring the changes of photoluminescence intensity of Cy5, an efficient, selective, and reversed detection of DNA hybridization is realized. The methodology may pave a new way for simple and rapid detections of biomolecules.
Effects of Clostridium difficile Toxin A and B on Human T Lymphocyte Migration
Authors: Wu Dan , Joyee Antony , Nandagopal Saravanan , Lopez Marianela , Ma Xiuli , Berry Jody , Lin Francis
Published: May 2013

Bacterial products such as toxins can interfere with a variety of cellular processes, leading to severe human diseases. Clostridium difficile toxins, TcdA and TcdB are the primary contributing factors to the pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated diseases (CDAD). While the mechanisms for TcdA and TcdB mediated cellular responses are complex, it has been shown that these toxins can alter chemotactic responses of neutrophils and intestinal epithelial cells leading to innate immune responses and tissue damages. The effects of C. difficile toxins on the migration and trafficking of other leukocyte subsets, such as T lymphocytes, are not clear and may have potential implications for adaptive immunity. We investigated here the direct and indirect effects of TcdA and TcdB on the migration of human blood T cells using conventional cell migration assays and microfluidic devices. It has been found that, although both toxins decrease T cell motility, only TcdA but not TcdB decreases T cell chemotaxis. Similar effects are observed in T cell migration toward the TcdA- or TcdB-treated human epithelial cells. Our study demonstrated the primary role of TcdA (compared to TcdB) in altering T cell migration and chemotaxis, suggesting possible implications for C. difficile toxin mediated adaptive immune responses in CDAD.
Les nouvelles formes d’inscription politique
Authors: Bouamama Saïd
Published: May 2013

El comportamiento político de los jóvenes provoca una multitud de análisis contradictorios. La razón es ideológica en la medida en que lo que está en juego en el conformismo o en la protesta de los jóvenes es ni más ni menos que la reproducción o no del orden social. Consideramos que no existe una juventud sino juventudes y que es preciso desconfiar de todo discurso de homogeneidad. La juventud de los medios populares es el lugar de emergencia de nuevas prácticas ciudadanas que corresponden a sus condiciones particulares de socialización debido al contexto de crisis económica que esos jóvenes conocen desde su nacimiento. Esas nuevas formas de inscripción política constituyen un replanteamiento de nuestro modelo de ciudadanía.
Les jeunes préfèrent le pragmatisme à l’idéologie
Authors: Gaudichet Nicolas
Published: May 2013

The political practices of young people have frequently been criticised. Lethargy, individualism, conservatism, an inclination to clamour for teachers and a job rather than dream of the impossible. In short the offspring of the militants of 68 are an embarassment to their parents. And yet, the new generation still has an interest in politics. But doubtless this practice is less coloured by ideology than by pragmatism. Perhaps also it is affected by an earlier awareness than others of the evolution that democracy is bound to follow. Plead for an under 25's generation.
La jeunesse et la prévention du SIDA : une interrogation sur les conceptions de l'Action sociale
Authors: Thiaudière Claude
Published: May 2013

À partir d’une description du dispositif de la prévention du SIDA, cet article analyse les usages de la jeunesse et les conceptions de l’Action sociale qu’ils impliquent. Les définitions de la jeunesse dépendent de ces fonctions sociales : dépistage, contrôle, gestion de l’opinion publique, etc. Mais la situation de la prévention du SIDA montre que la jeunesse n’est plus la catégorie-type d’une conception promotionnelle de la santé et de l’Action sociale. La question sociale du SIDA articule ainsi deux conceptions de la santé : celle du «bien-être» et celle du «danger social». La «crise» des représentations de la jeunesse est en fait un des signes du déclin de la philosophie de l’intégration et de l’une de ses composantes «modernes» : la promotion sociale.
Images symboliques de l'argent et classes d'âge
Authors: Langevin Annette
Published: May 2013

It is at the level of the family that the symbolic construction of the role of money in society is most directly perceived : which differentiates youth money from adult money. Other actors : the State, the bank, the media help confirm and complete this dual image. The deposit in a post office or a bank account is a special moment during which the symbolism of the money of young people takes on this dual register. On the one hand, a computerised currency with stable sources which is self-regenerating and on the other the currency of fundamental needs. The board and lodging provided by parents, the basic minimum salary, benefits, courses, scholarships ...are all part of the juvenilisation of those excluded from the exercice of complete adulthood Of those who are condemned to "pocket money", which does not lead to the adult symbolism of money.
Entre don, dette et professionnalisation : le cas des "grands frères"
Authors: Duret Pascal
Published: May 2013

Die "grossen Brüder"scheinen einen vorherrschenden Anteil an der Animation der schwierigen Stadtviertel zu haben. Über die Lobreden der Medien bezüglich ihrer Selbstlosigkeit hinaus, analysiert der Artikel ihre Strategien der Professionalisierung der Hilfe, die sie leisten. Ihre angebliche Selbstlosigkeit zu denunzieren läuft nicht darauf -hinaus, aus ihnen habsüchtige Karrieristen zu machen, sondern dient dazu, sich Fragen zu stellen über die Beziehungen zwischen der Gabe und der Schuld in der Herstellung des Sozialen auf der Ebene des Stadtviertels.
Les ambiguïtés d'une insertion à venir : jeunes de 16-25 ans. Mission locale et contrôle social
Authors: Jellab Aziz
Published: May 2013

One of the main aims of the «missions locales» when they were set up in 1982 was to counter rising unemployment among 16-25 year olds and assist them in their integration. However, the institution has progressively departed from its original target to concentrate on the socialisation of young people, stage considered as a prerequisite to professional integration. The ambiguity surrounding the notion of integration requires the actors of the «mission locale» to regularly define the scale and scope of their work. Everything seems to substantiate the fact that the "mission locale" has become a youth monitoring agency (fact that is borne out by the contents of the recommended actions which reflect the dominant cultural model) a kind of mediator between the economic market, political expectations and youth claims. Beyond the ideological effects generated by the practices of the «mission locale», our queries relate essentially to the ambiguity work/activity. It would appear that a possible way-out from the paradoxes experienced by the actors of the "mission locale" resides in a repositioning of the notion ofemployability in the light of the lessons and clarifications provided by the «solidarity economy». This article refers to the grassroots experience of a "mission locale" in the area of Pas-de-Calais which currently sees about 7000 young people. The main ideas emerging from this text are incorporated in a four year research project by CEFRESS (a supervisory laboratory).
Les écoles d'art : du libre usage du propre
Authors: Talbot Patrick
Published: May 2013

Les écoles d'Art, établissements d'enseignement supérieur du ministère de la Culture, ont connu de très profonds changements au cours des 20 dernières années. À la différence des autres écoles, celles-ci privilégiaient la relation pédagogique et affective plus déterminante que le rapport au savoir. Aujourd'hui, ces écoles sont des lieux où sont enseignées des disciplines à la fois théoriques et pratiques couvrant le spectre très large de la culture. Ces écoles n'ayant pas de finalités professionnelles évidentes, leur mission est plus de former des adultes capables d'affronter la complexité d'un monde en pleine mutation que de véritables spécialistes.
Des raisons d'étudier
Authors: Dubet François
Published: May 2013

Les raisons d'étudier ne sont pas homogènes. Il y a d'abord l'anticipation des « bénéfices » sociaux attachés aux diplômes. Ensuite, les étudiants peuvent étudier pour réaliser une « vocation ». Enfin, les étudiants peuvent étudier pour participer de la vie sociale des étudiants. Chacune de ces raisons prend aujourd'hui diverses formes et les étudiants doivent, à la fois, les construire et les articuler. Elles permettent de définir les hiérarchies universitaires comme les « fonctions » de l'université. Il est possible de comprendre les mobilisations étudiantes comme des expressions collectives de ces diverses raisons d'étudier.
Les mouvements de jeunesse et la formation des élites kurdes
Authors: Akin Salih
Published: May 2013

Cet article aborde la contribution des organisations de jeunesse à la formation de cadres et élites Kurdes. L 'émergence des organisations de jeunesse est contextualisée. L 'organisation des intellectuels et étudiants autour de publications légales et la recherche de nouvelles formes de lutte aboutissent en 1969 à la fondation d'une structure associative légale, les DDKO (Foyers Révolutionnaires Culturels de l'Est).

L 'examen de ces activités permet d'observer les modes de socialisation politiques de ces militants et la formation des élites et cadres, favorisés essentiellement par l'exercice de responsabilités au sein de ces foyers.