bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tree tobacco (Nicotiana glauca) cuticular wax composition is essential for leaf retention during drought, facilitating a speedy recovery following rewatering
Authors: Negin Boaz , Hen‐Avivi Shelly , Almekias‐Siegl Efrat , Shachar Lior , Jander Georg , Aharoni Asaph
Published: November 2022

Despite decades of extensive study, the role of cuticular lipids in sustaining plant fitness is far from being understood. We utilized genome‐edited tree tobacco (Nicotiana glauca) to investigate the significance of different classes of epicuticular wax in abiotic stress such as cuticular water loss, drought, and light response.

We generated mutants displaying a range of wax compositions. Four wax mutants and one cutin mutant were extensively investigated for alterations in their response to abiotic factors.

Although the mutations led to elevated cuticular water loss, the wax mutants did not display elevated transpiration or reduced growth under nonstressed conditions. However, under drought, plants lacking alkanes were unable to reduce their transpiration, leading to leaf death, impaired recovery, and stem cracking. By contrast, plants deficient in fatty alcohols exhibited elevated drought tolerance, which was part of a larger trend of plant phenotypes not clustering by a glossy/glaucous appearance in the parameters examined in this study.

We conclude that although alkanes have little effect on whole N. glauca transpiration and biomass gain under normal, nonstressed conditions, they are essential during drought responses, since they enable plants to seal their cuticle upon stomatal closure, thereby reducing leaf death and facilitating a speedy recovery.
Translational models of addiction phenotypes to advance addiction pharmacotherapy
Authors: Ray Lara A. , Nieto Steven J. , Grodin Erica N.
Published: November 2022

Alcohol and substance use disorders are heterogeneous conditions with limited effective treatment options. While there have been prior attempts to classify addiction subtypes, they have not been translated into clinical practice. In an effort to better understand heterogeneity in psychiatric disorders, the National Institute for Mental Health Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) has challenged scientists to think beyond diagnostic symptoms and to consider the underlying features of psychopathology from a neuroscience‐based framework. The field of addiction has grappled with this approach by considering several key constructs with the potential to capture RDoC domains. This critical review will focus on the efforts to apply translational models of addiction phenomenology in human clinical samples, including their relative strengths and weaknesses. Opportunities for forward and reverse translation are also discussed. Deep behavioral phenotyping using neuroscience‐informed batteries shows promise for a better understanding of the clinical neuroscience of addiction and advancing precision medicine for alcohol and substance use disorders.
A lower prevalence of malignant lymphoma in Sjögren's syndrome patients: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Saleh Wafaa , Elashry Mohamed M. , Winn Nicole , Mona Mahmoud , Katz Joseph , Cha Seunghee
Published: November 2022

Objective

This study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with lymphoma in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS).

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional study on pSS patients who were registered into the Integrated Data Repository (IDR) at the University of Florida (UF) Health Shands Hospital. The parameters, such as age, sex, race, and smoking status, were included. Lymphoma types in pSS were categorized. The clinical and laboratory features were compared between pSS patients with and those without lymphoma by utilizing the items in the EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI).

Results

Among 1,211,343 patients, we found 6799 patients (0.56%) with lymphomas and 2562 patients (0.21%) with pSS. Out of the 2562 pSS patients, 67 patients (2.6%) were diagnosed with lymphoma. The difference in the clinical and laboratory features listed under the ESSDAI domains between pSS patients with lymphomas and pSS without it was significant (p < 0.05 or 0.01): fever, weight loss, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, lacrimal gland diseases, cough, shortness of breath, hematuria, cerebrovascular accident diseases, peripheral nerve involvement due to vasculitis, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia.

Conclusion

We report 2.6% of lymphoma prevalence in pSS, lower than previously reported in the literature.
Does telehealth influence the decision to transfer residents of residential aged care facilities to emergency departments? A scoping review
Authors: Sunner Carla , Giles Michelle Therese , Kable Ashley , Foureur Maralyn
Published: November 2022

Background

Emergency Departments (ED) can be crowded places and not ideal environments for Residential Aged Care Facilities (RACF) residents awaiting assessment. Assessment and care planning may be made available via telehealth thereby avoiding unnecessary transfer to ED, without compromising the quality of care for the older person. Telehealth is attractive addition to improving healthcare decision‐making in RACFs.

Objectives

The aim of this scoping review is to explore the evidence around the use of telehealth and whether it influences the decision to transfer residents of RACF to ED.

Methods

All peer reviewed literature that focused on RACFs, decision‐making and assessment of residents using telehealth in real time, was included. All study designs, pilot studies and some systematic reviews were considered. Databases Medline, Embase and CINAHL were used in this search in June 2022. Search terms were a combination of the population: RACF residents, decision‐making and assessments using telehealth, and or transfer to the ED. The search was assisted by a senior university research academic librarian/information specialist and reviewed by senior researchers. The PRISMA‐ScR guidelines were used to report this study.

Results

Of the 124 articles initially identified, 31 were eligible for inclusion for synthesis. The date range of the included studies was 2001 to 2022, with 15 published in the last five years. Critical appraisal was conducted using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.

Conclusion

This scoping review has mapped evidence that telehealth has been widely used in multiple settings. The association between the use of telehealth with improved clinical outcomes highlights its potential utility in enhancing care delivery for an older population in RACFs. Telehealth has shown that it can improve the decision‐making for residents in RACFS, but more robust research designs are needed.

Implications for practice

Using video/telehealth appears to improve RACF staff access to expert clinicians who can then assess and jointly plan care/management that can be provided in the resident's home. Knowledge and skills of RACF staff appear to be improved through joint assessment and decision‐making with the use of video/telehealth access to expert clinicians.
Which Predictor, SctO2 or SstO2, Is more Sensitive for Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Spine Surgery: A Prospective Observational Study?
Authors: Guo Fei , Jia Shuaiying , Wang Qiyan , Liu Qinyu , Hu Mingquan , Wang Wenzhang , Liu Shijian , Li Qiang , Lu Bin , Zheng Yeying
Published: November 2022

Objective

Patients undergoing spinal surgery in the prone position may experience venous stasis, often resulting in edema in dependent areas of the body, including the head, and increased postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Not only does POCD present challenges for post‐operative care and recovery, it can also cause permanent damage to the patient's brain and increase mortality and social costs. We aimed to clarify the incidence of POCD in patients with hypertension after prone spine surgery and to further determine the association between intraoperative somatic tissue oxygen saturation (SstO2)/cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (SctO2) and POCD.

Methods

Patients with hypertension scheduled for open prone spine surgery from January 2020 to April 2021 were included in this single‐center, prospective, observational study. SctO2 and SstO2 were monitored by near‐infrared spectroscopy continuously throughout the surgery. The primary outcome was POCD assessed using the Mini‐Mental Status Examination (MMSE). The association of SstO2 and SctO2 with POCD was evaluated with unadjusted analyses and multivariable logistic regression.

Results

One hundred and one of 112 identified patients were included, 28 (27.8%) of whom developed POCD. None of the investigated SctO2 indices were predictive of POCD. However, the patients with POCD had greater decreases in intraoperative absolute SstO2 and relative SstO2 than the patients without POCD (P = 0.037, P = 0.036). Moreover, three SstO2 indices were associated with POCD, including a greater absolute SstO2 decrease (P = 0.021), a greater relative SstO2 decrease (P = 0.032), and a drop below 90% of the baseline SstO2 (P = 0.002), independent of ASA III status, preoperative platelets and postoperative sepsis. In addition, there was no correlation between intraoperative SctO2 and intraoperative SstO2 or between their respective absolute declines.

Conclusion

Twenty‐eight (27.7%) of 101 patients developed POCD in patients with hypertension undergoing prone spine surgery, and intraoperative SstO2 is associated with POCD, whereas SctO2 shows no association with POCD. This study may initially provide a valuable new approach to the prevention of POCD in this population.
The effect of empagliflozin on index of cardio‐electrophysiological balance in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: İnci Ümit , Güzel Tuncay
Published: November 2022

Background

Empagliflozin is a new antidiabetic drug with positive effects on glucose regulation and the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The effect of empagliflozin on arrhythmias has not been adequately studied. The index of cardio‐electrophysiological balance (iCEB) is a popular marker used to predict ventricular arrhythmias. Therefore, in our study, we aimed to examine the effect of empagliflozin on iCEB and iCEBc in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without heart failure (HF).

Methods

A total of 70 patients were included in the study prospectively. Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic evaluations of all patients were reviewed at baseline and the end of the third month.

Results

The median age of the patients was 57 (43–68 IQR), and 30 (42.9%) were male. Tp‐e (100 [88–120] vs. 94 [82–105], p = .01), Tp‐e/QT (0.27 [0.25–0.33] vs. 0.25 [0.23–0.30], p = .001) were significantly shorter after treatment. iCEB (4.24 [3.8–4.5] vs. 3.92 [3.79–4.42], p = .009) and iCEBc (4.78 [4.25–4.92] vs. 4.48 [4.0–4.71], p = .001) values decreased significantly after treatment compared to baseline.

Conclusions

Tp‐e, Tp‐e/QT, iCEB, and iCEBc values decreased within physiological limits in patients with T2DM without HF. This result may be associated with a reduced risk of potential ventricular arrhythmias.
In situ deletions reveal regulatory components for expression of an intracellular immune receptor gene and its co‐expressed genes in Arabidopsis
Authors: Yu Huiyun , Yang Leiyun , Li Zhan , Sun Feng , Li Bo , Guo Shengsong , Wang Yong‐Fei , Zhou Tong , Hua Jian
Published: November 2022

Intracellular immune receptor nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeats (NLRs) are highly regulated transcriptionally and post‐transcriptionally for balanced plant defence and growth. NLR genes often exist in gene clusters and are usually co‐expressed under various conditions. Despite of intensive studies of regulation of NLR proteins, cis‐acting elements for NLR gene induction, repression or co‐expression are largely unknown due to a larger than usual cis‐region for their expression regulation. Here we used the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology to generate a series of in situ deletions at the endogenous location of a NLR gene SNC1 residing in the RPP5 gene cluster. These deletions that made in the wild type and the SNC1 constitutive expressing autoimmune mutant bon1 revealed both positive and negative cis‐acting elements for SNC1 expression. Two transcription factors that could bind to these elements were found to have an impact on the expression of SNC1. In addition, co‐expression of two genes with SNC1 in the same cluster is found to be mostly dependent on the SNC1 function. Therefore, SNC1 expression is under complex local regulation involving multiple cis elements and SNC1 itself is a critical regulator of gene expression of other NLR genes in the same gene cluster.
ABA‐responsive AREB1/ABI3‐1/ABI5 cascade regulates IAA oxidase gene SlDAO2 to inhibit hypocotyl elongation in tomato
Authors: Lei Lei , Zhang Jing‐Ya , Pu Dan , Liu Bing‐Zhu , Meng Xian‐Min , Shang Qing‐Mao , Duan Yun‐Dan , Zhang Feng , Zhang Meng‐Xia , Dong Chun‐Juan
Published: November 2022

Hypocotyl elongation is dramatically influenced by environmental factors and phytohormones. Indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) plays a prominent role in hypocotyl elongation, whereas abscisic acid (ABA) is regarded as an inhibitor through repressing IAA synthesis and signalling. However, the regulatory role of ABA in local IAA deactivation remains largely uncharacterized. In this study, we confirmed the antagonistic interplay of ABA and IAA during the hypocotyl elongation of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings. We identified an IAA oxidase enzyme DIOXYGENASE FOR AUXIN OXIDATION2 (SlDAO2), and its expression was induced by both external and internal ABA signals in tomato hypocotyls. Moreover, the overexpression of SlDAO2 led to a reduced sensitivity to IAA, and the knockout of SlDAO2 alleviated the inhibitory effect of ABA on hypocotyl elongation. Furthermore, an ABA‐responsive regulatory SlAREB1/SlABI3‐1/SlABI5 cascade was identified to act upstream of SlDAO2 and to precisely control its expression. SlAREB1 directly bound to the ABRE present in the SlDAO2 promoter to activate SlDAO2 expression, and SlABI3‐1 enhanced while SlABI5 inhibited the activation ability of SlAREB1 by directly interacting with SlAREB1. Our findings revealed that ABA might induce local IAA oxidation and deactivation via SlDAO2 to modulate IAA homoeostasis and thereby repress hypocotyl elongation in tomato.
Tumor necrosis factor‐α inhibitor‐induced morphea and psoriasiform dermatitis in a pediatric patient with Crohn's disease
Authors: Reinhart Jacob P. , Aird Jenna L. , Stephens Michael C. , Asch Sarah , Orandi Amir B. , Tollefson Megha M.
Published: November 2022

Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha inhibitor therapy for inflammatory bowel disease may be associated with paradoxical cutaneous adverse events, most commonly psoriasiform eruptions. We present the case of a pediatric female patient with Crohn's disease who developed multiple concurrent cutaneous eruptions while on infliximab treatment, including morphea, psoriasiform dermatitis, and genital lichen sclerosus. Although refractory to skin‐directed treatments, all three conditions resolved upon discontinuation of infliximab, supporting their development as a paradoxical reaction to infliximab therapy.
The IPTA Nashville consensus conference on Post‐Transplant lymphoproliferative disorders after solid organ transplantation in children: II—consensus guidelines for prevention
Authors: Green Michael , Squires James E. , Chinnock Richard E. , Comoli Patrizia , Danziger‐Isakov Lara , Dulek Daniel E. , Esquivel Carlos O. , Höcker Britta , L'Huillier Arnaud G. , Mazariegos George Vincent , Visner Gary A. , Bollard Catherine M. , Dipchand Anne I. , Ferry Judith A. , Gross Thomas G. , Hayashi Robert , Maecker‐Kolhoff Britta , Marks Stephen , Martinez Olivia M. , Metes Diana M. , Michaels Marian G. , Preiksaitis Jutta , Smets Françoise , Swerdlow Stephen H. , Trappe Ralf U. , Wilkinson James D. , Allen Upton , Webber Steven A. , Dharnidharka Vikas R.
Published: November 2022

The International Pediatric Transplant Association (IPTA) convened an expert consensus conference to assess current evidence and develop recommendations for various aspects of care relating to post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder after solid organ transplantation in children. In this report from the Prevention Working Group, we reviewed the existing literature regarding immunoprophylaxis and chemoprophylaxis, and pre‐emptive strategies. While the group made a strong recommendation for pre‐emptive reduction of immunosuppression at the time of EBV DNAemia (low to moderate evidence), no recommendations for use could be made for any prophylactic strategy or alternate pre‐emptive strategy, largely due to insufficient or conflicting evidence. Current gaps and future research priorities are highlighted.
Don't Tell Me What I Don't Want to Hear! Politicization and Ideological Conflict Explain Why Citizens Have Lower Trust in Climate Scientists and Economists Than in Other Natural Scientists
Authors: Schrøder Thor Bech
Published: November 2022

Studies suggest that citizens have higher trust in some groups of scientists than in others. However, we still know little about the causes of these trust gaps. The current study fills this knowledge gap by examining Norwegian citizens' trust in climate scientists, economists, and so‐called “less politicized natural scientists.” I argue that trust in climate scientists and economists is lower than trust in less politicized natural scientists because the former fields are politicized, while the latter are not. Politicization strengthens ideological conflicts between citizens' ideology and research produced by climate scientists and economists, which leads to lower trust in these groups of scientists. I test this argument by running regression analyses on data from a representative survey of the Norwegian population. The results support the argument: Citizens have significantly higher trust in less politicized natural scientists than in both climate scientists and economists, and these differences can be explained by ideological biases in trust. Citizens with a proeconomic growth ideology have significantly lower trust in climate scientists than in less politicized natural scientists, and citizens with a left‐wing economic ideology have significantly lower trust in economists than in less politicized natural scientists.
Induction of ovulation using repeated doses of sulpiride, a dopamine antagonist, in ewe lambs
Authors: Kivrak Mehmet Bugra , Aydin Ibrahim
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to test the hypothesis that sulpiride can increase the concentration of circulating gonadotropin that can promote puberty in pre‐pubertal ewe lambs. Here, 12 1–3‐year‐old Merino rams and 60 7–9‐month‐old Merino sheep were included in the study. The sheep were randomly divided into sulpiride (n = 30) and control (n = 30) groups. The sulpiride group was subcutaneously injected with 0.6 mg/kg sulpiride twice daily (morning and evening) for 9 days. During these 9 days, blood samples were taken from the sheep before drug administration and at 4 h after every drug administration. The number of ovulating animals in the sulpiride group was significantly higher than that in the control group (90% vs. 32%). No oestrous signs were observed in either group during ram release. Further, there were no differences in the levels of mean follicle‐stimulating hormone in the two groups based on treatment (p = .2), time (p = .3) or treatment‐by‐time interaction (p = .3). After sulpiride administration, the luteinizing hormone (LH) levels of the sulpiride group rapidly increased and remained stable for a long time, whereas physiological LH fluctuations in the control group remained unchanged. Within‐group changes in terms of LH concentrations were significant for both groups (p < .001), whereas LH pulse frequency was significantly different between the sulpiride group (p = .03). Therefore, it is concluded that sulpiride can be used as a non‐steroidal alternative to stimulate pre‐pubertal ewe lambs and sheep during anoestrus.
Two steps forward following an acute exacerbation of COPD
Authors: Lee Annemarie L. , Cheng Sonia , McKeough Zoe J.
Published: November 2022

See related article
Social investments in the knowledge economy: The politics of inclusive, stratified, and targeted reforms across the globe
Authors: Garritzmann Julian L. , Häusermann Silja , Palier Bruno
Published: November 2022

As countries transition from industrial to post‐industrial knowledge economies, education and skills are crucial. Consequently, policy‐makers around the globe have increasingly focused on social investment, that is, policies aiming to create, mobilize, or preserve skills. Yet, countries around the globe have developed social investments to different degrees and in highly different forms. Our goal is twofold: First, we introduce a new typology of social investment policies, distinguishing nine types along two dimensions: three distributive profiles (inclusive, stratified, targeted) and three functions (skill creation, preservation, mobilization). This differentiation allows fine‐grained analyses of the causes and consequences of different kinds of social investments, thus offering a perspective to study the relationship between efficiency and inclusiveness in a way that goes beyond the mere discussion how social investment policies grosso modo affect inequalities (‘equalizing’ versus ‘Matthew Effects’). Second, we theorize on the politics of social investment. We argue that the interaction of policy legacies and socioeconomic factors is the main explanation for which functions of social investment policies are introduced, whereas their distributive profiles are crucially shaped by political coalitions. We illustrate with empirical material from democracies around the globe.
Study on soil cracks in pneumatic subsoiling based on LSTM
Authors: Li Xia , Wang Sichao , Jiang Zhangjun , Li Xinglong , You Birong , Rui Chengjie
Published: November 2022

This paper reports research based on pneumatic subsoiling and the design of a pneumatic subsoiling mechanism to overcome the problems of high resistance and high energy consumption of subsoiling. By analysing soil‐specific resistance, soil disturbance rate and soil bulkiness under different air pressure conditions, it is concluded that pneumatic subsoiling can effectively break the soil plough pan and reduce resistance to subsoiling. In order to analyse the impact of air pressure on subsoiling, in this study, principal component analysis was used to analyse the pneumatic subsoiling disturbance parameters (working air pressure, working depth and working speed), and the test results show that the contribution of air pressure to subsoiling resistance and subsoiling disturbance surface reached 24% and 25%, respectively. An orthogonal test was used to analyse the specific resistance of subsoiling, and its significance coefficient is 0.95. Long short‐term memory neural networks (LSTM) and bidirectional long short‐term memory neural networks Bi‐LSTM. are used to predict the cracks on the disturbed surface of subsoiling. LSTM is a method to predict future occurrence using time series data, which can be used to predict the cracks on the disturbed surface of soil, while Bi‐LSTM network is an innovative computing paradigm, which learns bidirectional long‐term correlation between time step and sequence data, to predict the trend of fissures on the disturbed soil surface. The RSME of LSTM and Bi‐LSTM are 4.80 and 6.55, and their determinative factor R2 is 0.95 and 0.94 respectively, which indicates that LSTM and Bi‐LSTM can effectively predict the cracks of pneumatic subsoiling. By analysing the specific resistance of pneumatic subsoiling, it can be shown that pneumatic subsoiling can reduce subsoiling resistance and expand the disturbance surface of subsoiling so as to achieve the effects of subsoiling, drag reduction and reduction of fuel consumption.
On deducing ethical egoism from psychological egoism
Authors: Tilley John J.
Published: November 2022

A familiar question is whether psychological egoism (suitably supplemented with plausible further premises) entails ethical egoism. This paper considers this question, treating it much more thoroughly than do any previous treatments. For instance, it discusses all the most common understandings of ethical and psychological egoism. It further discusses many strategies and arguments relevant to the question addressed. Although this procedure creates complexity, it has value. It forestalls the suspicion, aroused by so many treatments of this subject, that the results stem largely from leaving stones unturned—for instance, from ignoring many natural argumentative strategies and many familiar understandings of the views discussed. The paper's conclusion is that psychological egoism (suitably supplemented …) does not entail ethical egoism.
‘Cute face and quiet … but her look don't match her personality’: Commodifying flesh, shaping labour expectations and domestic workers' treatment in Singapore
Authors: Antona Laura
Published: November 2022

While it is well established that domestic work has long been commodified, this paper builds on existing literature to show how employment agencies use the production of biodata to simultaneously, and strategically, homogenise and differentiate domestic workers in Singapore as racialised commodities. As such, and building on existing literatures on racialisation, bodily commodification, corporeality and domestic labour, this paper develops the concept of ‘fleshly commodity’ to convey domestic workers' positioning as racialised, captive, fungible and simultaneously homogenised and differentiated corporeal objects. Moreover, this paper will bring attention to the broader implications of the processes by which employment agencies market, fetishize, and then sell domestic workers. It does so by illuminating how recruitment practices shape the labour required/expected of domestic workers, before demonstrating how their living and working conditions and relations are also impacted. Through engagement with ethnographic data, this paper also demonstrates how domestic workers' humanity, personhood and agency continually contest and undo attempts to render them fleshly commodities.
Dancers as diplomats? Quiet diplomacy and post‐conflict geopolitics in the 1990 Cambodian National Dance Company Tour to the UK
Authors: Rogers Amanda
Published: November 2022

This paper examines the relationship between performance and diplomacy during the 1990 Cambodian National Dance Company Tour to the UK. The tour stemmed from Oxfam UK's Kampuchea Campaign, which attempted to restore bilateral aid to the State of Cambodia by pushing for international recognition and a brokered peace settlement. Contributing to geographical work on diplomacy, the paper examines the different agents involved in the tour and their response to the dancers as diplomatic actors, examining the different types of performance in operation and their relationship to diplomacy. Dance was often oriented towards geopolitical ends, but there were also moments when dancers used their artistic performances to open up new modes of subjectivity and identity. The paper attends to these experiences and to how the dancers' actions extend existing conceptions of diplomatic subjectivity by considering vulnerability. In examining these dynamics, the paper also contributes to existing work on art and geopolitics, both through its diplomatic focus and its analysis of how diplomatic and creative practices were intertwined through an aesthetic of quietness. It thus attends to how geopolitical aesthetics matter, and how, in this instance, quiet aesthetics were a mark of international disempowerment.
Influenza D virus exposure among US cattle workers: A call for surveillance
Authors: Leibler Jessica H. , Abdelgadir Anfal , Seidel James , White Roberta F. , Johnson W. Evan , Reynolds Stephen J. , Gray Gregory C. , Schaeffer Joshua W.
Published: November 2022

Although cattle are a reservoir for influenza D virus (IDV), little is known about human exposure to IDV. We assessed IDV exposure and associated health effects among United States dairy workers, a population at heightened risk of cattle zoonoses. In prospective, cross‐shift sampling of 31 workers employed at five large‐herd dairy operations in two states, we found evidence of IDV in the nasal washes of 67% of participants at least once during the 5‐day study period. IDV exposure was not associated with respiratory symptoms in these workers. These findings suggest that IDV is present in dairy cattle environments and can result in worker exposure.
Modes of Adaptation: Black Representation in Maurice Leblanc’s Arsène Lupin, Gentleman-Burglar and Netflix’s Lupin
Authors: S Maria Baptist , R Bhuvaneswari
Published: November 2022

Adaptation refers to adapting literary works (short stories, novels) into another medium (play, film, television series). Adaptation elongates the survivability of the text. The primary concern of adaptation is fidelity, the degree to which a film reflects the original work, theorists suggest various approaches, perspectives and concepts to understand the original source and the adapted work. Dudley Andrew’s Modes of Adaptation is taken for the analysis/study. Dudley Andrew classifies three modes of adaptation. ‘Borrowing’ denotes the exact imitation of the work as a film. ‘Intersecting’ converges the text with the contemporary world and ‘Transformation’ treats the literary work as an outline and weaves a similar story without affecting the originality of the source work. In the novel, Arsène Lupin, Gentleman-Burglar (1907), a crime novel, Maurice Leblanc narrates a story of a thief, Arsène Lupin, who commits robbery without any traces or evidences using his wit. The Lupin series (2021), broadcasted on Netflix, is a modern-day approach of Arsène Lupin. In the Lupin series, Assane Diop, the protagonist, steals a necklace in the auction, which lets him to face various consequences. The paper focuses on racial discrimination in the series and compares Maurice Leblanc’s Arsène Lupin, Gentleman-Burglar and Netflix’s Lupin series through the lens of Dudley Andrew’s Modes of Adaptation.
Elliptical Bladed Savonius Rotor for Wind Energy: Efficacy of RANS Modeling for Flow Characteristics
Authors: Dewan Anupam , Bishnoi Ashok Kumar , Singh Tej Pratap , Tomar Shivam Singh
Published: November 2022

Wind energy is a key contributor to renewable energy production. Vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) of Savonius type is advantageous in places of small-scale power production and low wind speed regions. It is a VAWT of the drag-based type. The disadvantage of a Savonius rotor is its low efficiency due to the generation of negative torque on the returning blade. To reduce the negative torque, the performance parameters of a Savonius rotor need to be optimized. The shear-stress transport variant of k–ω turbulence model is used in the current study to compute 2D unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes calculations for an ellipse shape blade Savonius rotor to capture its aerodynamic behavior. The flow complexities, such as vortex generation and circulation, are analyzed for four different azimuthal angles 0deg, 45deg, 90deg, and 135deg for a tip speed ratio (TSR) of 0.8. A rise in CD to 1.0 at TSR equal to 0.9 indicates an adverse pressure gradient region on the forward-moving blade. The circulation studied in the present paper could be of practical importance in situations involving an array of Savonius rotors to find an optimum rotor position and rotational direction as in the case of horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT).
Influence of the Cl2 etching on the Al2O3/GaN metal–oxide–semiconductor interface
Authors: Meyer T. , Boubenia S. , Petit-Etienne C. , Salem B. , Pargon E.
Published: November 2022

Controlling the plasma etching step involved in metal-oxide-semiconductor high-electron-mobility-transistor (MOSHEMT) GaN fabrication is essential for device performance and reliability. In particular, understanding the impact of GaN etching conditions on dielectric/GaN interface chemical properties is critically important. In this work, we investigate the impact of the carrier wafers (Si, photoresist, SiO2, and Si3N4) used during the etching of GaN in chlorine plasma on the electrical behavior of Al2O3/n-GaN metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) capacitors. X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses show that the Al2O3/GaN interface layer contains contaminants from the etching process after the Al2O3 deposition. Their chemical nature depends on the plasma chemistry used as well as the chemical nature of the carrier wafer. Typically, Cl and C are trapped at the interface for all substrates. In the particular case of Si carrier wafer, a significant amount of SiOx is present at the Al2O3/GaN interface. The capacitance–voltage (C–V) characteristics of the MOS capacitors indicate that the presence of Si residues at the interface shifts the flat band voltage to negative values, while the presence of Cl or C at the interface increases the hysteresis. We demonstrate that introducing an in situ plasma cleaning treatment based on N2/H2 gas, before the atomic layer deposition, allows the removal of most of the residues except silicon and suppresses the hysteresis.
Brain Endurance Training Improves Physical, Cognitive, and Multitasking Performance in Professional Football Players
Authors: Staiano Walter , Merlini Michele , Romagnoli Marco , Kirk Ulrich , Ring Christopher , Marcora Samuele
Published: November 2022

Purpose: Brain endurance training (BET)—the combination of physical training with mentally fatiguing tasks—could help athletes adapt and increase their performance during sporting competitions. Here we tested whether BET completed after standard physical training improved physical and mental performance more than physical training alone during a preseason football training camp. Methods: The study employed a pretest/training/posttest design, with 22 professional football players randomly assigned to BET or a control group. Both groups completed 40 physical training sessions over 4 weeks. At the end of a day of physical training, the BET group completed cognitive training, whereas the control group listened to neutral sounds. Players completed the 30–15 Intermittent Fitness Test, repeated sprint ability random test, soccer-specific reactive agility test, and Stroop and psychomotor vigilance tests pretraining and posttraining. Mixed analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. Results: In the posttest (but not pretest) assessments, the BET group consistently outperformed the control group. Specifically, the BET group was faster (P = .02–.04) than the control group during the 30–15 Intermittent Fitness Test, the directional phase of the repeated sprint ability random test, and the soccer-specific reactive agility test. The BET group also made fewer errors (P = .02) during the soccer-specific reactive agility test than the control group. Finally, the BET group responded faster (P = .02) on the Stroop test and made fewer (P = .03) lapses on the psychomotor vigilance test than the control group. Conclusion: The inclusion of BET during the preseason seems more effective than standard physical training alone in improving the physical, cognitive, and multitasking performance of professional football players.
Aquatic life and its parallels
How Far the Light Reaches: A Life in Ten Sea Creatures
Sabrina Imbler
Little, Brown, 2022. 320 pp.
Authors: Berwald Juli
Published: November 2022

Blurring the personal and the scientific, an author probes the beauty, terror, and richness of the natural world
Unexplored Challenges of Minoritized Microbiologists in Academia
Authors: Torres Alfredo G.
Published: November 2022

The scientific community is making significant efforts to be inclusive and to promote diversity and equity. The microbial sciences are not the exception, and organizations, such as the American Society for Microbiology (ASM), are implementing strategic plans to advance these initiatives.
Spectrum of Neutral Excitations in the 1/3 Laughlin Liquid
Authors: Grigor’ev O. A. , Musina L. I. , Zagitova A. A. , Van’kov A. B. , Kulik L. V.
Published: November 2022

A calculation scheme has been developed to determine energies of neutral excitations with spin 1 in a Laughlin liquid at a filling factor of 1/3. The parameters of the confining potential of an electron system in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells, as well as regions of magnetic fields, at which spin-1 excitations are the lowest in energy are calculated.
A probabilistic Bayesian methodology for the strain-rate correction of dynamic CPTu data
Authors: Collico Stefano , Arroyo Marcos , Kopf Achim , Devincenzi Marcelo
Published: November 2022

Dynamic Cone Penetration Test (CPTu) profile offshore sediments by impact penetration. To exploit their results in full, the measured data are converted to obtain a quasi-static equivalent profile. Dynamic CPTu conversion requires calibrated correction models. Calibration is currently done by using paired (i.e., very close) quasi-static and dynamic tests. It is shown here that paired test data, which may be inconvenient to acquire offshore, are not strictly necessary to convert dynamic CPTu data. A new probabilistic methodology is proposed to call upon quasi-static results from a much wider area in the conversion procedure. Those results feed the prior distribution of a converted profile, within a Bayesian updating scheme where strain-rate coefficient and correction model error are also described by updated stochastic variables. The updating scheme is solved numerically using the Transitional Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling algorithm. To avoid undue influence of local profile heterogeneity, the statistic treatment of the quasi-static CPTu data takes place in the frequency domain, using a discrete cosine transform. The new procedure is applied to a CPTu campaign offshore Nice (France): dynamic tests are converted with equal precision using quasi-static data acquired at distances orders of magnitude larger than what was previously employed.
Top squark signal significance enhancement by different machine learning algorithms
Authors: Fraga Jorge , Rodriguez Ronald , Solano Jesus , Molano Juan , Ávila Carlos
Published: November 2022

In this paper, a study of four different machine learning (ML) algorithms is performed to determine the most suitable ML technique to disentangle a hypothetical supersymmetry (SUSY) signal from its corresponding Standard Model (SM) backgrounds and to establish their impact on signal significance. The study focuses on the production of SUSY top squark pairs (stops), in the mass range of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]GeV, from proton–proton collisions with a center of mass energy of 13[Formula: see text]TeV and an integrated luminosity of [Formula: see text], emulating the data-taking conditions of the run II Large Hadron Collider (LHC) accelerator. In particular, the semileptonic channel is analyzed, corresponding to final states with a single isolated lepton (electron or muon), missing transverse energy, and four jets, with at least one tagged as [Formula: see text]-jet. The challenging compressed spectra region is targeted, where the stop decays mainly into a [Formula: see text] boson, a [Formula: see text]-jet, and a neutralino ([Formula: see text]), with a mass gap between the stop and the neutralino of about 150[Formula: see text]GeV. The ML algorithms are chosen to cover different mathematical implementations and features in ML. We compare the performance of a logistic regression (LR), a Random Forest (RF), an eXtreme Gradient Boosting, XGboost (XG) and a Neural Network (NN) algorithm. Our results indicate that XG and NN classifiers provide the highest improvements (over 17%) in signal significance, when compared to a standard analysis method based on sequential requirements of different kinematic variables. The improvement in signal significance provided by the NN increases up to 31% for the highest stop mass considered in this study (800[Formula: see text]GeV). The RF algorithm presents a smaller improvement that decreases with stop mass. On the other hand, the LR algorithm shows the worst performance in signal significance which even does not compete with the results obtained by an optimized cut and count method.
PIRAP: Chaotic Fuzzy Encryption (CFE) Technique and Greedy Chemical Reaction Optimization (GCRO) Algorithm-Based Secured Mobi-Cloud Framework
Authors: Garg Vishal , Kaur Bikrampal , Kumar Tajinder , Sharma Purushottam , Alowaidi Majed , Sharma Sunil Kumar
Published: November 2022

This paper uses the chaotic fuzzy encryption (CFE) technique and a greedy chemical reaction optimization algorithm based on mobile cloud computing to protect data from any assault. Mobile users who use protected mobile cloud computing (Mobi-Cloud) must trust the cloud service provider to keep the data sent from their mobile devices safe when mobile users express strong reservations about storing personal information in the public cloud. The Greedy Chemical Reaction Optimization (G-CRO) algorithm reduces critical limitations by determining the offloading end with motion at run time, i.e. the task’s operating time, CPU usage, memory utilization, and energy usage. The experimental results show that the proposed method performs better in terms of file uploading time, file downloading time, memory usage in file uploading, memory usage in file downloading, encryption time, decryption time, memory usage on file encryption, memory usage on file decryption, security levels, and key generation time. Compared to the Proxy Re-Encryption (PRE) algorithm, the suggested method consumes less time for key creation (26.04).
PIRAP: Security Assessment Framework for Heterogeneous Web Service Composition
Authors: Padmanaban R. , Thirumaran M. , Aruna R. , Jayakumar L.
Published: November 2022

In recent times, enterprise environments such as E-banking, E-commerce, etc., are greatly affected by the evolution of web services and their associated attacks. The process of web service composition gives rise to security issues due to the incompatibility standards of the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) and representational state transfer (REST) features and the compromising service-level agreement (SLA) between the end parties which has not been considered yet. Also, the security assessment process needs to cooperate with good security standards and web services. In case of heterogeneous web services, assessment done using machine learning technologies makes use of pattern analysis where this does not work with the evolving trend behind the web service environment. Hence, there is a need for a security assessment model which will incorporate finite state machine (FSM) in its assessment process to keep track of the various WS-attacks that arise in the web application via web services in heterogeneous environments. The proposed model does the web service composition by compromising all the security conflicts that arise due to the usage of dissimilar web services. We experimented the concept by testing several web services and observed that the performance of the proposed framework in attack detection is accurate and automatic thereby achieving traceability and computability metrics.
Non-commutative stochastic processes with independent increments
Authors: Schürmann Michael
Published: November 2022

This paper is on the research of Wilhelm von Waldenfels in the mathematical field of quantum (or non-commutative) probability theory. Wilhelm von Waldenfels certainly was one of the pioneers of this field. His idea was to work with moments and to replace polynomials in commuting variables by free algebras which play the role of algebras of polynomials in non-commuting quantities. Before he contributed to quantum probability he already worked with free algebras and free Lie algebras. One can imagine that this helped to create his own special algebraic method which proved to be so very fruitful. He came from physics. His PhD thesis, supervised by Heinz König, was in probability theory, in the more modern and more algebraic branch of probability theory on groups. Maybe the three, physics, abstract algebra and probability, must have been the best prerequisites to become a pioneer, even one of the founders, of quantum probability. We concentrate on a small part of the scientific work of Wilhelm von Waldenfels. The aspects of physics are practically not mentioned at all. There is nothing on his results in classical probability on groups (Waldenfels operators). This is an attempt to show how the concepts of non-commutative notions of independence and of Lévy processes on structures like Hopf algebras developed from the ideas of Wilhelm von Waldenfels.
Dynamics of a SIR epidemic model with variable recruitment and quadratic treatment
Authors: Mukherjee Manisha , Mondal Biswajit
Published: November 2022

The dynamical behavior of a variable recruitment SIR model has been investigated with the nonlinear incidence rate and the quadratic treatment function for a horizontally transmitted infectious disease that sustains for a long period (more than one year). For a long duration, we have incorporated human fertility in variable recruitment. The societal effort, i.e. all types of medical infrastructures, have a vital role in controlling such a disease. For this reason, we have considered the quadratic treatment function, which divides the system into two subsystems. We have established the existence and stability of different equilibrium points that depend mainly on the societal effort parameter in both subsystems and also global stability. Different rich dynamics such as forward bifurcation, Hopf bifurcation, limit cycle, and Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation of co-dimension 2 have been established by using bifurcation theory and the biological significance of these dynamics has been explained. Different numerical examples have been considered to illustrate the theoretical results. Finally, we have discussed the advantage of our model with the model by Eckalbar and Eckalbar [Nonlinear Anal.: Real World Appl. 12 (2011) 320–332].
Modified Sombor index of unicyclic graphs with a given diameter
Authors: Shooshtari H. , Sheikholeslami S. M. , Amjadi J.
Published: November 2022

The modified Sombor index of a graph [Formula: see text] is defined as the sum of weights [Formula: see text] over all edges [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are the degrees of the vertices [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text], respectively. In this paper, we give a sharp lower bound on the modified Sombor index of unicyclic graphs with given diameter in terms the number of vertices.
New conjugate gradient image processing methods
Authors: Hassan Basim A. , Moghrabi Issam A. R. , Sulaiman Ibrahim M.
Published: November 2022

The particular choice of the coefficient that scales the latest search direction to compute the new one is usually the focal point in conjugate gradient methods. In this paper, a quadratic model is utilized to produce new conjugacy coefficients for the conjugate gradient technique, which are then used to solve picture restoration issues. The algorithms show global convergence and have the required descent property. The results obtained from the numerical tests, demonstrate that the new conjugate gradient approaches outperform the traditional FR conjugate gradient method when employed in solving image restoration problems.
Fairing of discrete planar curves to integrable discrete analogue of Euler’s elasticae
Authors: Zurita Sebastián Elías Graiff , Kajiwara Kenji , Suzuki Toshitomo
Published: November 2022

We construct a method for fairing a given discrete planar curve by using the integrable discrete analog of Euler’s elastica, which is a discrete version of the approximation algorithm presented by Brander et al. We first give a brief review of the integrable discrete analog of Euler’s elastica proposed by Bobenko and Suris, then we present a detailed account of the fairing algorithm, and we apply this method to an architectural problem of characterizing the keylines of Japanese handmade pantiles.