bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unusual course of glyphosate-induced acute kidney injury: a case report of tubulointerstitial nephritis treated with steroids
Authors: Omote Daichi , Makino Shin-ichi , Okunaga Issei , Ishii Masayoshi , Tatsumoto Narihito , Aizawa Masashi , Asanuma Katsuhiko
Published: July 2024

Glyphosate is a widely used herbicide that is generally considered safe; however, acute kidney injury (AKI) caused by glyphosate ingestion can be severe and require hemodialysis. We present a unique case of a 68-year-old Japanese man who developed AKI after accidental ingestion of glyphosate and required hemodialysis. Based on the clinical presentation and findings, the patient was diagnosed with renal AKI with severe tubulointerstitial damage. However, the precise pathogenesis of the tubulointerstitial damage remained unclear. An elevated beta-2 microglobulin level discovered by the urinalysis during admission raised the suspicion of tubulointerstitial nephritis caused by glyphosate. Gallium scintigraphy revealed accumulation in both kidneys. A renal biopsy revealed acute tubulointerstitial nephritis rather than acute tubular necrosis, which is commonly observed with glyphosate-induced renal injury. After initiating steroid therapy, his kidney function gradually improved and he was weaned from hemodialysis. This report is the first to describe glyphosate-induced acute tubulointerstitial nephritis that was successfully treated with immunosuppressive therapy. Furthermore, this report highlights the importance of steroid therapy for cases of persistent kidney injury after the discontinuation of agents associated with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis.
Radiation shielding and experimental characteristics of tincal waste added with obsidians
Authors: Aygun Z. , Astam A. , Aygun M.
Published: July 2024

The use of natural resources and waste products represents an effective way of addressing a pressing concern for the future of the global population. It is therefore crucial to evaluate wastes and natural materials as raw materials in many industries. The present study sought to investigate the radiation protection features and experimental characteristics of tincal waste added with obsidians from Eastern Turkey (Nemrut, Pasinler, Sarıkamış and Ikizdere regions). Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy and Energy dispersive spectroscopy were used to have knowledge for morphological and structural properties of the samples. The X-ray diffraction analysis of the samples with higher obsidian content revealed an amorphous structure with a minor presence of crystalline phases. In contrast, the samples with a higher tincal waste content exhibited crystalline phases. Based on morphologic results, it can be said that obsidian samples exhibited relatively smooth and glassy surfaces, whereas tincal waste displayed a rough surface comprising randomly shaped small particles. In addition, radiation attenuating abilities of the tincal waste added with obsidians were determined by the calculation of tenth value layers, half value layers, mean free paths, mass attenuation coefficients, linear attenuation coefficients, fast neutron removal cross sections, effective atomic numbers and buildup factors using the newly produced Phy-X/PSD code. It is obtained that the samples show good radiation protection performances and the samples can be evaluated as better radiation shields for radiation applications especially in construction industry.
The Brain Salience Network at the Intersection of Pain and Substance use Disorders: Insights from Functional Neuroimaging Research
Authors: Li Xinyi , Kass Gabriel , Wiers Corinde E. , Shi Zhenhao
Published: July 2024

Purpose of Review

The brain’s salience network (SN), primarily comprising the anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortex, plays a key role in detecting salient stimuli and processing physical and socioemotional pain (e.g., social rejection). Mounting evidence underscores an altered SN in the etiology and maintenance of substance use disorders (SUDs). This paper aims to synthesize recent functional neuroimaging research emphasizing the SN’s involvement in SUDs and physical/socioemotional pain and explore the therapeutic prospects of targeting the SN for SUD treatment.

Recent Findings

The SN is repeatedly activated during the experience of both physical and socioemotional pain. Altered activation within the SN is associated with both SUDs and chronic pain conditions, characterized by aberrant activity and connectivity patterns as well as structural changes. Among individuals with SUDs, functional and structural alterations in the SN have been linked to abnormal salience attribution (e.g., heightened responsiveness to drug-related cues), impaired cognitive control (e.g., impulsivity), and compromised decision-making processes. The high prevalence of physical and socioemotional pain in the SUD population may further exacerbate SN alterations, thus contributing to hindered recovery progress and treatment failure. Interventions targeting the restoration of SN functioning, such as real-time functional MRI feedback, neuromodulation, and psychotherapeutic approaches, hold promise as innovative SUD treatments.

The review highlights the significance of alterations in the structure and function of the SN as potential mechanisms underlying the co-occurrence of SUDs and physical/socioemotional pain. Future work that integrates neuroimaging with other research methodologies will provide novel insights into the mechanistic role of the SN in SUDs and inform the development of next-generation treatment modalities.
Developing a multi-objective model for a multi-level supply chain of blood products under uncertainty and the global pandemic: a hybrid robust optimization approach
Authors: Esfandabadi Abolfazl Moghimi , Shishebori Davood , fakhrzad Mohammad-Bagher , Zare Hassan Khademi
Published: July 2024

The global COVID-19 pandemic has caused a substantial decrease in the blood supply and its products as a vital commodity. It has had adversely affected on the activities of blood organizations and facilities as well as public health. In this critical situation, the particular supply and blood demand products have affected certain sensitive managerial decisions. The purpose of the present study is to develop a multi-objective formulation for a multi-level supply chain of blood products under uncertainty and global pandemic conditions. The modeling is based on three objectives: minimizing the costs of the entire blood supply chain network, minimizing the pandemic virus transmission by donors in each of the blood donation centers, and maximizing the attractiveness of the blood donation centers in order to optimize the blood supply chain conditions and meet the needs of patients in the best possible way. Besides, since uncertainty is an integral part of supply chains, an efficient combination of scenarios, intervals and fuzzy robust optimization approaches is applied. As the results show, using robust approaches to deal with uncertain parameters can provide excellent conditions for efficient responses to those who demand blood products as well as pandemic patients who need the plasma of survivors.
Dynamics of urban heat island intensity in Lecce, Italy: seasonal, diurnal and heat wave influence
Authors: Pappaccogli Gianluca , Giangrande Francesco , Esposito Antonio , Donateo Antonio , Lionello Piero , Buccolieri Riccardo
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the impact of Heat Waves (HWs) on Urban Heat Island Intensity (UHII) in Lecce, a Mediterranean city in southern Italy. UHII was assessed using air temperature data from six weather stations over a four-year period (2020–2023). The results indicate that UHII is generally higher in winter and spring, with the ARPA (Environmental Protection Regional Agency) station consistently showing the highest values, particularly in summer, attributed to urban characteristics. The diurnal cycle of UHII reveals a peak in the early morning at most stations, followed by a decrease to near zero or slightly negative values during midday. Evening values then increase and persist throughout the night. Stations surrounded by green areas or located in suburban settings recorded the lowest UHII values. A total of eleven HWs occurred during the study period, with an average duration of 10 days. UHII was significantly more intense during HWs at all stations, with the greatest average observed at the ARPA station (2.60 °C) and the smallest at the LST (Liceo Scientifico Tabacchi) station (0.74 °C). These findings highlight the significant impact of HWs on UHI intensification in Lecce, especially in densely developed areas compared to suburban regions. This study emphasizes the importance of investigating UHII dynamics in Mediterranean cities to develop strategies for mitigating the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect during extreme heat events.
Distribution of Power and Value Crucial for a Successful Circular Economy Transition
Authors: Tukker Arnold , Akkerman Renzo , Heideveld Antoine , Quist Jaco , Vrijhoef Ruben , Withagen Cees , Beumer Mark
Published: July 2024

The circular economy (CE) is heralded as reducing material use and emissions while providing more jobs and growth. We explored this narrative in a series of expert workshops, basing ourselves on theories, methods and findings from science fields such as global environmental input-output analysis, business modelling, industrial organisation, innovation sciences and transition studies. Our findings indicate that this dominant narrative suffers from at least three inconvenient truths. First, CE can lead to loss of GDP. Each doubling of product lifetimes will halve the related industrial production, while the required design changes may cost little. Second, the same mechanism can create losses of production jobs. This may not be compensated by extra maintenance, repair or refurbishing activities. Finally, ‘Product-as-a-Service’ business models supported by platform technologies are crucial for a CE transition. But by transforming consumers from owners to users, they lose independence and do not share in any value enhancement of assets (e.g., houses). As shown by Uber and AirBNB, platforms tend to concentrate power and value with providers, dramatically affecting the distribution of wealth. The real win-win potential of circularity is that the same societal welfare may be achieved with less production and fewer working hours, resulting in more leisure time. But it is perfectly possible that powerful platform providers capture most added value and channel that to their elite owners, at the expense of the purchasing power of ordinary people working fewer hours. Similar undesirable distributional effects may occur at the global scale: the service economies in the Global North may benefit from the additional repair and refurbishment activities, while economies in the Global South that are more oriented towards primary production will see these activities shrink. It is essential that CE research comes to grips with such effects. Furthermore, governance approaches mitigating unfair distribution of power and value are hence essential for a successful circularity transition.
Clinical applications of SPECT/CT in assessment of bone lesions in POEMS syndrome
Authors: Hou Yaqin , Zhao Zhilian , Zhang Haiqin , Guan Le , Li Ze , Song Tianbin , Lu Jie
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Retrospectively analyse the 99mTc-MDP SPECT whole-body bone scan in POEMS syndrome to explore its clinical value.

Methods

Twenty-four untreated patients with pathologically confirmed POEMS syndrome were included in the study. 24 of them underwent 99mTc-MDP SPECT whole-body bone scan, 24 underwent CT examination and 18 patients underwent X-ray examination in different parts. Features of bone lesions in 99mTc-MDP SPECT, and X-ray, CT were analysed. Three experienced radiologists read the images and gave diagnosed results for bone lesions.

Results

Of the 24 POEMS syndrome patients, three types of bone lesions were found: osteosclerotic lesions, osteolytic lesions and mixed lesions, of which the most common type was osteosclerotic. 54.16% (13/24) patients were found bone lesions by SPECT; 44.44% (8/18) patients underwent X-ray and 62.50% (15/24) patients underwent CT were detected bone lesions. We compared the difference of the X-ray, CT and SPECT scans of the bone lesions by chi-square and found that there was no difference (P = 0.51) in detection of bone lesions among the three methods.

Conclusion

99mTc-MDP SPECT wholebody bone scan also useful in evaluating patients with suspected POEMS syndrome. We can use it as a supplement examination of the CT in the confirmation of one minor diagnostic criterion for POEMS syndrome: bone lesions.
Land-use suitability assessment for urban development using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Analysis in the Himalayan districts of Shimla, Nainital, and Darjeeling, India
Authors: Suthar Neeraj , Das Dip , Mallik Jyotirmoy
Published: July 2024

After India gained independence in 1947, notable advancements in healthcare and socio-economic sectors resulted in a remarkable population surge, consequently driving substantial expansion in built-up areas throughout the country. The consequences of the rapid and unplanned expansion are adverse in the Himalayas where earthquake, landslides, flash floods are frequent. The already established hill stations saw a rapid surge in tourism and subsequent urbanization. This study delves into assessing the urban suitability of such hill stations namely Nainital, Shimla, and Darjeeling. The surge in tourism led to alarming population growth with haphazard urbanization which is often severely affected by growing natural hazards. The aim of this study is to assess the urbanization suitability of the regions based on multiple factors that affects the choice of suitable place for urban growth. We employed the GIS based Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach (MCDMA) considering geological, socio-economical, ecological, and prohibitive factors using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The obtained land-use suitability maps for urbanization show that in Nainital the most suitable area for urbanization is the foothills of the Himalayas whereas in Shimla it is around the central and southern part. The northern part and the eastern boundary of Darjeeling are the most suitable area for urbanization. Upon comparing the already existing built-up areas with the AHP derived site suitability results we found that the Darjeeling district is most vulnerable as almost half of the built-up area (49%) lies within a very low to moderate suitable zone. Our findings show that Darjeeling has the highest amount of suitable land for urbanization as the bare ground in the region is not suitable for agriculture. Interestingly, the farmlands in Nainital show highest suitability when urbanization is considered. This brings out a serious problem in urbanization trend and it is observed throughout the world. Thus, more careful research is needed ensuring proper land use and food security for the growing population. This study lays a foundational understanding of challenges associated to urbanization in a tectonically active mountain range.
A systematic literature review on the relationship between education and gender ideology
Authors: Hossain Delwar , Islam Rabiul
Published: July 2024

The nexus between education and gender ideology is a debated issue worldwide, including in Bangladesh. This study aims to understand the educational influences on gender ideology. Authors have reviewed electronic databases, including Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, to collect published material from 2014 to 2023. Based on the research objectives, 20 studies were reviewed among 1438. The study found various theories and models, such as human capital theory, gender role theory, patriarchy theory, intersectionality theory, empowerment theory, gender identity theory, behavioral theory, and socialization and reproduction model, exploring the link between education and gender ideologies. This study also found that the quantitative methods dominate the research landscape, while qualitative and mixed-method approaches offer profound insights into the contextual factors that influence gender ideology. Additionally, findings from the studies indicate that education is positively associated with liberal gender ideology. This study suggests an insight for future researchers on the educational impact of gender ideology, its theoretical frameworks, methodologies, and the current knowledge gap.
Reynolds number effects in shock-wave/turbulent boundary-layer interactions
Authors: Laguarda L. , Hickel S. , Schrijer F.F.J. , van Oudheusden B.W.
Published: July 2024

We investigate Reynolds number effects in strong shock-wave/turbulent boundary-layer interactions (STBLI) by leveraging a new database of wall-resolved and long-integrated large-eddy simulations. The database encompasses STBLI with massive boundary-layer separation at Mach

$2.0$

, impinging-shock angle

$40^{\circ }$

and friction Reynolds numbers

${\textit {Re}}_\tau$

$355$

,

$1226$

and

$5118$

. Our analysis shows that the shape of the reverse-flow bubble is notably different at low and high Reynolds number, while the mean-flow separation length, separation-shock angle and incipient plateau pressure are rather insensitive to Reynolds number variations. Velocity statistics reveal a shift in the peak location of the streamwise Reynolds stress from the separation-shock foot to the core of the detached shear layer at high Reynolds number, which we attribute to increased pressure transport in the separation-shock excursion domain. Additionally, in the high Reynolds case, the separation shock originates deep within the turbulent boundary, resulting in intensified wall-pressure fluctuations and spanwise variations associated with the passage of coherent velocity structures. Temporal spectra of various signals show energetic low-frequency content in all cases, along with a distinct peak in the bubble-volume spectra at a separation-length-based Strouhal number

$St_{L_{sep}}\approx 0.1$

. The separation shock is also found to lag behind bubble-volume variations, consistent with the acoustic propagation time from reattachment to separation and a downstream mechanism driving the shock motion. Finally, dynamic mode decomposition of three-dimensional fields suggests a Reynolds-independent statistical link among separation-shock excursions, velocity streaks and large-scale vortices at low frequencies.
Near-tip correction functions for the actuator line method to improve the predicted lift and drag distributions
Authors: Trigaux Francois , Villeneuve Thierry , Dumas Guy , Winckelmans Grégoire
Published: July 2024

The actuator line method (ALM) is a commonly used technique to simulate slender lifting and dragging bodies such as wings or blades. However, the accuracy of the method is significantly reduced near the tip. To quantify the loss of accuracy, translating wings with various aspect and taper ratios are simulated using several methods: wall-resolved Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations, an advanced ALM with two-dimensional (2-D) mollification of the force, a lifting line method, a mollified lifting line method and a vortex lattice method. Significant differences in the lift and drag distributions are found on the part of the wing where the distance to the tip is smaller than approximately 3 chords and are identified to arise from both the forces mollification and the uneven induced velocity along the chord. Correction functions acting on the lift coefficient and effective angle of attack near the wing tip are then derived for rectangular wings of various aspect ratios. They are then also applied to wings of various taper ratios using the ‘effective dimensionless distance to the tip’ as the main parameter. The application of the correction not only leads to a much improved lift distribution, but also to a more consistent drag distribution. The correction functions are also obtained for various mollification sizes, as well as for ALM with three-dimensional (3-D) mollification. These changes mostly impact the correction for the effective angle of attack. Finally, the correction is applied to simulations of the NREL Phase VI wind turbine, leading to an enhanced agreement with the experimental data.
Moral Understanding and Media
Authors: Friend Stacie , Nyhout Angela , Smith Murray , Ferguson Heather
Published: July 2024

Abstract: According to a widespread view in the arts and humanities, artworks are not only cognitively but also morally valuable. However, arguments for this claim often proceed with little attention to empirical evidence. At the same time, artists, filmmakers, and media creators deliberately deploy various devices to effect cognitive change; but whether these devices have the desired effects, and on whom, also remains largely untested. If we want to understand the ways that film and media can have moral impacts, we must step out of our disciplinary siloes. It is not enough for film experts, philosophers, and experimentalists to merely take note of each other’s work; collaborative interdisciplinary research is required, both to improve methods and to examine questions that have not yet been empirically explored. In this article we propose a framework for this kind of research, focusing on how media can influence moral understanding. We first outline the challenges that must be met for such research to be successful, including clarifying and operationalizing concepts, measuring moral understanding, and applying empirical methods to media and the arts. We then describe the advantages of interdisciplinary collaboration for meeting these challenges, in the context of some recent examples of interdisciplinary projects on related themes.
High Arctic Vegetation Communities With a Thick Moss Layer Slow Active Layer Thaw
Authors: Schuuring Sil , Halvorsen Rune , Bronken Eidesen Pernille , Niittynen Pekka , Kemppinen Julia , Lang Simone I.
Published: July 2024

Svalbards permafrost is thawing as a direct consequence of climate change. In the Low Arctic, vegetation has been shown to slow down and reduce the active layer thaw, yet it is unknown whether this also applies to High Arctic regions like Svalbard where vegetation is smaller, sparser, and thus likely less able to insulate the soil. Therefore, it remains unknown which components of High Arctic vegetation impact active layer thaw and at which temporal scale this insulation could be effective. Such knowledge is necessary to predict and understand future changes in active layer in a changing Arctic. In this study we used frost tubes placed in study grids located in Svalbard with known vegetation composition, to monitor the progression of active layer thaw and analyze the relationship between vegetation composition, vegetation structure and snow conditions, and active layer thaw early in summer. We found that moss thickness, shrub and forb height, and vascular vegetation cover delayed soil thaw immediately after snow melt. These insulating effects attenuated as thaw progressed, until no effect on thaw depth was present after 8 weeks. High Arctic mosses are expected to decline due to climate change, which could lead to a loss in insulating capacity, potentially accelerating early summer active layer thaw. This may have important repercussions for a wide range of ecosystem functions such as plant phenology and decomposition processes.
Foxp3 inhibitory peptide encapsulated in a novel CD25-targeted nanoliposome promotes efficient tumor regression in mice
Authors: Serrano Alejandro , Casares Noelia , Trocóniz Iñaki F. , Lozano Teresa , Lasarte Juan J. , Zalba Sara , Garrido María J.
Published: July 2024

P60, a Foxp3 inhibitory peptide, can hinder the regulatory T cell (Treg) activity and impair tumor proliferation. However, low systemic stability and poor specificity have led to daily dosing to achieve therapeutic effect. Therefore, this study aims to improve P60 stability and specific delivery through its encapsulation in liposomes targeting CD25, constitutively expressed in Tregs. P60 liposomes formulated with DSPE-PEG750 or DSPE-PEG2000 were incubated with DSPE-PEG2000-Maleimide micelles conjugated to Fab’ fragments of anti-CD25 to develop two targeted formulations or immunoliposomes (IL): IL-P602000 (DSPE-PEG2000 only) and IL-P60750 (combining DSPE-PEG750 and DSPE-PEG2000). P60 encapsulation efficiency was 50%–60% irrespective of PEG chain length. Treg uptake was 2.5 and 14 times higher for IL-PEG750 compared with IL-PEG2000 and non-targeted liposomes, respectively, in in-vitro assays. In fact, IL-P60750 allowed CD8+  T cells ex-vivo proliferation in presence of Treg at doses 10–20 times lower than for free P60. Antitumor response of P60 and IL-P60750 in monotherapy and combined with anti-PD-1 was evaluated in MC38 and LLCOVA tumor bearing mice. In MC38 model, IL-P60750 monotherapy induced total tumor regression in 40% of mice reaching 100% for anti-PD-1 combination. This effect was associated with a significant increase in activated CD8+ T cells in tumors. Notably, IL-P60750 also inhibited human Treg in ex-vivo assay, showing the translational capability of this formulation. In conclusion, IL-P60750 formulated with different PEG chain lengths, has demonstrated antitumor efficacy by selective inhibition of Treg activity and enhances the effect of anti-PD1. Altogether, this novel IL represents a promising nanoplatform for cancer immunotherapies.
Cell fate decision by a morphogen-transcription factor-chromatin modifier axis
Authors: Ming Jin , Lin Lihui , Li Jiajun , Wu Linlin , Fang Shicai , Huang Tao , Fu Yu , Liu Dong , Zhang Wenhui , Li Chen , Yang Yongzheng , Huang Yi , Qin Yue , Kuang Junqi , Huang Xingnan , Guo Liman , Zhang Xiaofei , Liu Jing , Chen Jiekai , Zhao Chengchen , Wang Bo , Pei Duanqing
Published: July 2024

Cell fate decisions remain poorly understood at the molecular level. Embryogenesis provides a unique opportunity to analyze molecular details associated with cell fate decisions. Works based on model organisms have provided a conceptual framework of genes that specify cell fate control, for example, transcription factors (TFs) controlling processes from pluripotency to immunity1. How TFs specify cell fate remains poorly understood. Here we report that SALL4 relies on NuRD (nucleosome-remodeling and deacetylase complex) to interpret BMP4 signal and decide cell fate in a well-controlled in vitro system. While NuRD complex cooperates with SALL4 to convert mouse embryonic fibroblasts or MEFs to pluripotency, BMP4 diverts the same process to an alternative fate, PrE (primitive endoderm). Mechanistically, BMP4 signals the dissociation of SALL4 from NuRD physically to establish a gene regulatory network for PrE. Our results provide a conceptual framework to explore the rich landscapes of cell fate choices intrinsic to development in higher organisms involving morphogen-TF-chromatin modifier pathways.
Efficient reduction-oxidation coupling degradation of nitroaromatic compounds in continuous flow processes
Authors: Mao Yueshuang , Yu Bingnan , Wang Pengfei , Yue Shuai , Zhan Sihui
Published: July 2024

Nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) with electron-withdrawing nitro (-NO2) groups are typical refractory pollutants. Despite advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) being appealing degradation technologies, inefficient ring-opening oxidation of NACs and practical large-scale applications remain challenges. Here we tackle these challenges by designing a reduction-oxidation coupling (ROC) degradation process in LaFe0.95Cu0.05O3@carbon fiber cloth (LFCO@CFC)/PMS/Vis continuous flow system. Cu doping enhances the photoelectron transfer, thus triggering the -NO2 photoreduction and breaking the barriers in the ring opening. Also, it modulates surface electronic configuration to generate radicals and non-radicals for subsequent oxidation of reduction products. Based on this, the ROC process can effectively remove and mineralize NACs under the environmental background. More importantly, the LFCO catalyst outperformed most of the recently reported catalysts with lower cost (13.72 CNY/ton) and higher processing capacity (3600 t/month). Furthermore, the high scalability, material durability, and catalytic activity of LFCO@CFC under various realistic environmental conditions prove the potential ability for large-scale applications.
High-precision flexible sweat self-collection sensor for mental stress evaluation
Authors: Wang Chenhao , Wang Zhengyu , Wei Wei , Zhang Zhenjie , Li Anne Ailina , Huang Guanghao , Li Xian , Ge Shuzhi Sam , Zhou Lianqun , Kong Hui
Published: July 2024

As a stress hormone existing in the human body, cortisol can reflect the psychological stress and health status in daily life, and is a potential biomarker of the body’s stress response. To effectively collect sweat and accurately identify the target, this paper reports a flexible wearable cortisol detection device with outstanding reliability and sensitivity. Molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) ensures cortisol specificity. And carbon nanotubes (CNT) on electrodes increase sensitivity, expanding the detection range to 10−3 to 104 nM, with sensitivity at 189.2 nA/lg(nM). In addition, porous chitosan hydrogel (PCSH) collects sweat effectively, its adhesive properties and 80% swelling rate offer a low-cost alternative to microfluidics. Flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) and serpentine electrode (SE) ensure device durability. This non-invasive, highly sensitive device offers a novel method for mental stress monitoring and clinical diagnosis, advancing human physiological state monitoring.
Multiferroic quantum material Ba2Cu1−xMnxGe2O7 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) as a potential candidate for frustrated Heisenberg antiferromagnet
Authors: Thoma Henrik , Dutta Rajesh , Hutanu Vladimir , Granata Veronica , Fittipaldi Rosalba , Zhang Qiang , Lynn Jeffrey W. , Čermák Petr , Khan Nazir , Nandi Shibabrata , Angst Manuel
Published: July 2024

Multiferroic Ba2CuGe2O7 was anticipated as a potential member of the exciting group of materials hosting a skyrmion or vortex lattice because of its profound Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) and the absence of single ion anisotropy (SIA). This phase, however, could not be evidenced and instead, it exhibits a complex incommensurate antiferromagnetic (AFM) cycloidal structure. Its sister compound Ba2MnGe2O7, in contrast, is characterized by a relatively strong in-plane exchange interaction that competes with a non-vanishing SIA and the weak DMI, resulting in a quasi-two-dimensional commensurate AFM structure. Considering this versatility in the magnetic interactions, a mixed solid solution of Cu and Mn in Ba2Cu1−xMnxGe2O7 can hold an interesting playground for its interactive DMI and SIA depending on the mixed spin states of the transition metal ions towards the skyrmion physics. Here, we present a detailed study of the micro- and macroscopic spin structure of the Ba2Cu1−xMnxGe2O7 solid solution series using high-resolution neutron powder diffraction techniques. We have developed a remarkably rich magnetic phase diagram as a function of the applied magnetic field and x, which consists of two end-line phases separated by a potentially quantum-critical phase at x = 0.57. An AFM conical structure at zero magnetic field is demonstrated to persist up to x = 0.50. Our results provide crucial information on the spin structure and magnetic properties, which are necessary for the general understanding and theoretical developments on multiferroicity in the frame of skyrmion type or frustrated AFM lattice where DMI and SIA play an important role.
Template-assisted covalent modification underlies activity of covalent molecular glues
Authors: Li Yen-Der , Ma Michelle W. , Hassan Muhammad Murtaza , Hunkeler Moritz , Teng Mingxing , Puvar Kedar , Rutter Justine C. , Lumpkin Ryan J. , Sandoval Brittany , Jin Cyrus Y. , Schmoker Anna M. , Ficarro Scott B. , Cheong Hakyung , Metivier Rebecca J. , Wang Michelle Y. , Xu Shawn , Byun Woong Sub , Groendyke Brian J. , You Inchul , Sigua Logan H. , Tavares Isidoro , Zou Charles , Tsai Jonathan M. , Park Paul M. C. , Yoon Hojong , Majewski Felix C. , Sperling Haniya T. , Marto Jarrod A. , Qi Jun , Nowak Radosław P. , Donovan Katherine A. , Słabicki Mikołaj , Gray Nathanael S. , Fischer Eric S. , Ebert Benjamin L.
Published: July 2024

Molecular glues are proximity-inducing small molecules that have emerged as an attractive therapeutic approach. However, developing molecular glues remains challenging, requiring innovative mechanistic strategies to stabilize neoprotein interfaces and expedite discovery. Here we unveil a trans-labeling covalent molecular glue mechanism, termed ‘template-assisted covalent modification’. We identified a new series of BRD4 molecular glue degraders that recruit CUL4DCAF16 ligase to the second bromodomain of BRD4 (BRD4BD2). Through comprehensive biochemical, structural and mutagenesis analyses, we elucidated how pre-existing structural complementarity between DCAF16 and BRD4BD2 serves as a template to optimally orient the degrader for covalent modification of DCAF16Cys58. This process stabilizes the formation of BRD4–degrader–DCAF16 ternary complex and facilitates BRD4 degradation. Supporting generalizability, we found that a subset of degraders also induces GAK–BRD4BD2 interaction through trans-labeling of GAK. Together, our work establishes ‘template-assisted covalent modification’ as a mechanism for covalent molecular glues, which opens a new path to proximity-driven pharmacology.
Caspase-4 in glioma indicates deterioration and unfavorable prognosis by affecting tumor cell proliferation and immune cell recruitment
Authors: Di Longjiang , Li Mengyan , Lei Xianli , Xie Wenting , Liu Guoqiang , Wang Yongqing , Zhang Wenjing , Zhu Wei-Guo
Published: July 2024

Gliomas are the most common malignant tumors of the central nervous system, accounting for approximately 80% of all malignant brain tumors. Accumulating evidence suggest that pyroptosis plays an essential role in the progression of cancer. Unfortunately, the effect of the pyroptosis-related factor caspase-4 (CASP4) on immunotherapy and drug therapy for tumors has not been comprehensively investigated. In this study, we systematically screened six hub genes by pooling differential pyroptosis-related genes in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) glioma data and the degree of centrality of index-related genes in the protein–protein interaction network. We performed functional and pathway enrichment analyses of the six hub genes to explore their biological functions and potential molecular mechanisms. We then investigated the importance of CASP4 using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of glioma patients. TCGA and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) databases showed that reduced CASP4 expression leads to the potent clinical deterioration of glioma patients. Computational analysis of the effect of CASP4 on the infiltration level and recruitment of glioma immune cells revealed that CASP4 expression was closely associated with a series of tumor-suppressive immune checkpoint molecules, chemokines, and chemokine receptors. We also found that aberrant CASP4 expression correlated with chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity. Finally, analysis at the cellular and tissue levels indicated an increase in CASP4 expression in glioma, and that CASP4 inhibition significantly inhibited the proliferation of glioma cells. Thus, CASP4 is implicated as a new prognostic biomarker for gliomas with the potential to further guide immunotherapy and chemotherapy strategies for glioma patients.
Field evaluation of a volatile pyrethroid spatial repellent and etofenprox treated clothing for outdoor protection against forest malaria vectors in Cambodia
Authors: Vajda Élodie A. , Ross Amanda , Doum Dyna , Fairbanks Emma L. , Chitnis Nakul , Hii Jeffrey , Moore Sarah J. , Richardson Jason H. , Macdonald Michael , Sovannaroth Siv , Kimheng Pen , McIver David J. , Tatarsky Allison , Lobo Neil F.
Published: July 2024

Cambodia’s goal to eliminate malaria by 2025 is challenged by persistent transmission in forest and forest fringe areas, where people are exposed to Anopheles mosquito bites during the day and night. Volatile pyrethroid spatial repellents (VPSRs) and insecticide-treated clothing (ITC) could address these gaps. This study evaluated the outdoor application of one passive transfluthrin-based VPSR, four etofenprox-ITCs paired with a picaridin topical repellent, and a combination of VPSR and ITC against wild Anopheles landing in Cambodia. A 7 × 7 Latin-square study was conducted over 49 collection nights in temporary open structures in Mondulkiri Province. All interventions substantially reduced Anopheles landing, with protective efficacy ranging from 61 to 95%. Mathematical modeling showed significant reductions in vectoral capacity, especially with the combined ITC and VPSR and VPSR alone, albeit with decreased effectiveness over time. These interventions have the potential to reduce outdoor and daytime Anopheles biting, offering valuable contributions to malaria elimination efforts in Cambodia and the Greater Mekong Subregion, contingent upon achieving effective coverage and adherence.
Joint AI-driven event prediction and longitudinal modeling in newly diagnosed and relapsed multiple myeloma
Authors: Hussain Zeshan , De Brouwer Edward , Boiarsky Rebecca , Setty Sama , Gupta Neeraj , Liu Guohui , Li Cong , Srimani Jaydeep , Zhang Jacob , Labotka Rich , Sontag David
Published: July 2024

Multiple myeloma management requires a balance between maximizing survival, minimizing adverse events to therapy, and monitoring disease progression. While previous work has proposed data-driven models for individual tasks, these approaches fail to provide a holistic view of a patient’s disease state, limiting their utility to assist physician decision-making. To address this limitation, we developed a transformer-based machine learning model that jointly (1) predicts progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AE), (2) forecasts key disease biomarkers, and (3) assesses the effect of different treatment strategies, e.g., ixazomib, lenalidomide, dexamethasone (IRd) vs lenalidomide, dexamethasone (Rd). Using TOURMALINE trial data, we trained and internally validated our model on newly diagnosed myeloma patients (N = 703) and externally validated it on relapsed and refractory myeloma patients (N = 720). Our model achieved superior performance to a risk model based on the multiple myeloma international staging system (ISS) (p < 0.001, Bonferroni corrected) and comparable performance to survival models trained separately on each task, but unable to forecast biomarkers. Our approach outperformed state-of-the-art deep learning models, tailored towards forecasting, on predicting key disease biomarkers (p < 0.001, Bonferroni corrected). Finally, leveraging our model’s capacity to estimate individual-level treatment effects, we found that patients with IgA kappa myeloma appear to benefit the most from IRd. Our study suggests that a holistic assessment of a patient’s myeloma course is possible, potentially serving as the foundation for a personalized decision support system.
A direct comparison of the thermal reprocessing potential of associative and dissociative reversible bonds in thermosets
Authors: Susa Arijana , Vogelzang Willem , Teunissen Wouter , Molenveld Karin , Maaskant Evelien , Post Wouter
Published: July 2024

This study compares the thermal reprocessing potential of thermosets comprising associative or dissociative dynamic covalent bonds by evaluating their rheological behavior.
Ultralow thermal conductivity in defect pyrochlores: balancing mass fluctuation scattering and rattling modes
Authors: Ormerod Natasha , Powell Anthony V. , Grau-Crespo Ricardo , Gover Richard K. B. , Cox Christina J.
Published: July 2024

Progressive replacement of non-framework K+ cations with Cs+ cations in defect pyrochlores leads to reductions in thermal conductivity, the extent of which reflects a balance between the effects of mass fluctuation and rattling vibrations.
Markovnikov selective hydroaminocarbonylation of alkenes over a porous monophoshine polymer supported palladium catalyst
Authors: Li Jiajun , Zhao Kang , Cui Xinjiang , Wang Lailai , Shi Feng
Published: July 2024

Here we develop a porous monophoshine polymer supported Pd catalyst (Pd/POL-m-3vPPh3) for hydroaminocarbonylation of aromatic alkenes with amines, showing excellent catalytic activity (up to 97% yield) and Markovnikov selectivity (up to 99%).
Beyond catalysts: enhancing electrocatalytic CO2 reduction through diverse strategies
Authors: Liu Lu , Yue Mingzhu , Li Bingkun , Xie Wenfu , Peng Nana , Wang Qiang
Published: July 2024

The current research progress on electrode engineering, electrolyte tailoring, reactor design, and external field-assisting for CO2 electroreduction is highlighted. The intrinsic structure–activity relationships and reaction mechanisms are discussed.
Above room temperature spin crossover in mononuclear iron(ii) complexes featuring pyridyl-benzimidazole bidentate ligands adorned with aliphatic chains
Authors: Šagátová Alexandra , Kotrle Kamil , Brachňaková Barbora , Havlíček Lubomír , Nemec Ivan , Herchel Radovan , Hofbauerova Monika , Halahovets Yuriy , Šiffalovič Peter , Čižmár Erik , Fellner Ondřej F. , Šalitroš Ivan
Published: July 2024

The alkylated derivatives of bidentate pyridyl-benzimidazole ligands were employed in the synthesis of SCO active ferrous complexes, which were specifically designed for the preparation of molecular films.
A comprehensive review on salted eggs: quality formation mechanisms, innovative pickling technologies and value-added applications
Authors: Wang Xiaotuo , Zhang Jingshou , Vidyarthi Sriram K. , Xu Mingqiang , Liu Ziliang , Zhang Chunjiang , Xiao Hongwei
Published: July 2024

Salted eggs are very popular in China for their pleasant flavor and texture.
Machine learning for carbon dot synthesis and applications
Authors: Duman Ali Nabi , Jalilov Almaz S.
Published: July 2024

One of the hottest topics in nanoparticles research right now is carbon dots (CDs).
Effect of precipitant on pro-oxidative and antibacterial properties of CeO2 nanoparticles – an experimental study
Authors: Maddheshiya Shilpa , Rajwani Priyanka , Nara Seema
Published: July 2024

Graphical representation of synthesis of CeO2 NZs and their characterization with different techhniques, pro-oxidative (peroxidase and oxidase) mimic activity and antibacterial properties.
Robust, malleable, degradable, self-healable, weldable and recyclable polyimine thermosets from natural peach gum and chitosan
Authors: Zhang Ningning , Pan Xianjie , Xi Aoqian , Chen Wenpei , Huang Ting , Zeng Yanning
Published: July 2024

Bio-based PI networks (PGCS) exhibit good mechanical properties, high thermal stability, degradability, recyclability and healing ability.
Rapid, microwave-assisted deposition of anisotropic silver nanostructures on various substrates
Authors: Choudhari K. S. , Shivashankar S. A. , Kulkarni Suresh D.
Published: July 2024

A facile, rapid, and scalable in situ microwave-assisted solvothermal technique (MAST) has been developed to deposit anisotropic silver nanoparticles (AgNP) on various substrates in a solution medium.
Computational assessment of the radical scavenging activity of cleomiscosin
Authors: Nguyen Trung Quang , Mechler Adam , Vo Quan V.
Published: July 2024

Cleomiscosins from traditional medicinal plants are promising radical scavengers in aqueous physiological environments.
A novel strategy combining hydrogenotrophic methanogens' bioaugmentation and biochar biostimulation for simultaneous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation and bioenergy recovery
Authors: Tang Rui , Zhang Min , Li Xin
Published: July 2024

A novel strategy combining hydrogenotrophic methanogens' bioaugmentation and biochar biostimulation for simultaneous PAH biodegradation and bioenergy recovery is proposed.
Tailoring of structural, morphological, electrical, and magnetic properties of LaMn1−xFexO3 ceramics
Authors: Thakur Priyanka , Nassar Kais Iben , Kumar Deepak , Kumar Pawan , Sharma Prianka , Tirth Vineet , Alosaimy Ali Saad , Algahtani Ali , Essid Manel , Lal Madan
Published: July 2024

This study undertakes a comparative analysis of the structural, morphological, electrical, and magnetic characteristics of Fe-doped LaMnO3 ceramics.
Computer-aided multi-objective optimization integrated with multi-dimensional assessment for oil to chemical process
Authors: Zhou Xin , Zhang Zhibo , Shi Huibing , Zhao Deming , Wang Yaowei , Yan Hao , Zhao Hui , Liu Yibin , Luo Haiyan , Zhang Weitao , Chen Xiaobo , Wu Lianying , Yang Chaohe
Published: July 2024

Integrating offshore green wind power and seawater desalination for maximizing chemical production from offshore crude oil via a one-step process.
Novel fungal diphenyl ether biosynthetic gene clusters encode a promiscuous oxidase for elevated antibacterial activities
Authors: Liu Qingpei , Gao Shuaibiao , Fang Jin , Gong Yifu , Zheng Yiling , Xu Yao , Zhang Dan , Wei Jiayuan , Liao Liangxiu , Yao Ming , Wang Wenjing , Han Xiaole , Chen Fusheng , Molnár István , Yang Xiaolong
Published: July 2024

This work describes a novel pathway for fungal diphenyl ether (DPE) biosynthesis, including a promiscuous hydroxylase whose substrate range is modulated by its C-terminus. DPEs may provide antibiotics against multidrug-resistant human pathogens.
Unraveling mechanisms of protein encapsulation and release in coacervates via molecular dynamics and machine learning
Authors: Wang Yiwei , Zou Rongrong , Zhou Yeqiang , Zheng Yi , Peng Chuan , Liu Yang , Tan Hong , Fu Qiang , Ding Mingming
Published: July 2024

By meticulously managing the sequence of ingredient additions in the complex coacervate, the encapsulation efficiency for various proteins can be significantly enhanced.
A nitrile solvent structure induced stable solid electrolyte interphase for wide-temperature lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Zhongming , He Zhiyuan , Wang Zhongsheng , Yang Jixu , Long Kecheng , Wu Zhibin , Zhou Gang , Mei Lin , Chen Libao
Published: July 2024

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are extensively employed in various fields.
A cooperative nanoscale ZnO–NiO–Ni heterojunction for sustainable catalytic amidation of aldehydes with secondary amines
Authors: Shelte Amishwar Raysing , Patil Rahul Daga , Pratihar Sanjay
Published: July 2024

Metal–metal hydroxide/oxide interface catalysts are valued for their multiple active sites, enabling synergistic reactions in close proximity for advanced catalytic applications.
Heteroatom-based doping and neutron diffraction: doping strategies and mechanisms for ionic conductivity enhancement in inorganic solid-state electrolytes
Authors: Dong Yingjie , Shi Haiting , Li Hao , Wu Xianyan , Jiang Wanwei , Cui Wenhui , Niu Jiarong , Xu Zhiwei
Published: July 2024

Exploring doping fundamentals to boost inorganic SSEs, we detail their application in various electrolytes, highlighting neutron diffraction's role in revealing microstructural and lithium-ion distribution effects.
Excellent dielectric energy storage performance achieved by synergistically increasing the permittivity and breakdown strength of poly(vinylidene chloride-co-vinyl chloride) with a stabilized conformation
Authors: He Yijin , Zhang Guanxiang , Qin Ba , Li Wenxuan , He Guansong , Zhu Bofeng , Zhang Xiao , Tan Shaobo , Zhang Zhicheng
Published: July 2024

The increased conformational barrier endows P(VDC-VC) with superior dielectric energy storage performance.
Formation of a planar biomimetic membrane with a novel zwitterionic polymer for nanopore sequencing
Authors: Yang Xiaowei , Yang Jinfeng , Wei Lai , Zhang Yuning , Yang Jingnan , Ni Ming , Dong Yuliang
Published: July 2024

Formation of a planar biomimetic membrane with a novel amphiphilic zwitterionic polymer for successful protein insertion.
Osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells on linearly aligned triangular micropatterns
Authors: Zeng Ye , Shen Junyi , Zhou Xintong , Ouyang Zhi , Zhong Jian , Qin Yixue , Jin Linlu , He Xueling , Li Liang , Xie Jing , Liu Xiaoheng
Published: July 2024

The engineered surfaces, linearly aligned triangular micropatterns (TPs) with small interspaces, promote osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs via Piezo1-mediated myosin remodeling and YAP1 nuclear translocation. Cells were enlarged and elongated.