bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OCCUPATIONAL PATHOLOGY AT THE ENTERPRISES OF THE NENETS AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT: RISK FACTORS, STRUCTURE, PREVALENCE
Authors: Syurin Sergey A. , Gorbanev S. A.
Published: December 2019

Background. Human labor in the Arctic area is carried out in extreme climatic conditions creating an increased risk of developing health problems, including occupational diseases (OD). The purpose of the study was to investigate the working conditions, the structure and prevalence of OD in the population of the Nenets Autonomous District (NAD), the basis of the which economy is oil and gas production. Material and methods. The data of social and hygienic monitoring in the section “Working conditions and occupational morbidity” of the population of the NAD in 2008-2017 was studied. Results. The most significant harmful production factors at NAD enterprises have been established to be non-ionizing electromagnetic fields and radiations, unfavorable microclimate of workplaces, noise, intensity, and the hardness of the labor process. More than half of all district employees are involved in enterprises with satisfactory working conditions. In the NAD working population, occupational pathology is diagnosed mainly in the flight personnel of civil aviation (88% of cases) in the form of sensorineural hearing loss (96% of cases). The risk of OD development among air transport workers was higher than that of the entire population of the district (RR = 4.42; CI 2.95-6.62) and those employed in oil and gas producing enterprises (RR = 23.2; CI 8.32 - 64.4). Additional occupational health risks associated with the extraction of hydrocarbons in Arctic have not been established. Conclusion. The priority direction in the prevention of occupational pathology (mainly sensorineural hearing loss) should be the reduction of the level of industrial noise among air transport workers.
WAYS FOR MINIMIZING THE NEGATIVE EFFECT OF TOBACCO AEROSOL COMPONENTS DURING PASSIVE SMOKING
Authors: Markova Olga L. , Kiryanova M. N. , Ivanova E. V. , Zaritskaya E. V.
Published: December 2019

Introduction. There are reported air quality assessment findings in enclosed spaces in experimental conditions using two kinds of nicotine-containing products - cigarettes and electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS), seem to be the most common types of smoking. Мaterial and Methods. In the process of the experiment concentrations of tobacco aerosol components, i.e.: 12 chemicals and two aerosols were measured. Studies were carried out in isolated rooms under monitored microclimate parameters and uniform air mixing. Groups of volunteers using cigarettes or electronic nicotine delivery systems and the control non-smoker group participated in the study; everybody gave their informed consent for participation in the experiment. Control of background indices for comparison of air quality in rooms where tobacco products were being smoked was carried out. Results. Our studies allowing to identify chemicals evolving into the air of enclosed rooms where “PARLAMENT Aqua Blue” cigarettes were smoked or electronic tobacco delivery systems “CRICKET Classic 3.0” were used, to estimate total amount of chemicals in air. Prevailing chemicals affecting human health, which can be recommended for the use in calculations and air study of enclosed rooms exposed to tobacco aerosol, were identified. Estimated values of adverse chemical concentrations, air flow and air expenditure rate, resulting from experimental data allow designing ventilation system with regard to hygienic requirements based on maximum allowable concentration values for atmospheric air. Conclusions. Suggested recommendations on calculation of ventilation parameters to produce comfortable human environment in passive smoking conditions will improve air quality in public buildings.
THE ROLE OF ADRENOCORTICAL HORMONES IN THE REGULATION OF ORGANISM RESPONSE TO INTRATRACHEAL INJECTIONS OF ELECTROLYSIS DUST TO WISTAR RATS
Authors: Khripach Ludmila V. , Knyazeva T. D. , Zheleznyak E. V. , Koganova Z. I. , Pinigin M. A. , Fedotova L. A. , Budarina O. V. , Sabirova Z. F. , Shipulina Z. V.
Published: December 2019

Introduction. Adrenocortical hormones play a leading role in the adaptation of human organism to damaging factors. The aim of this study is to compare levels of cortisol and biochemical markers of organism damage (MOD) in blood samples of rats under a model of electrolysis dust (ED) inhalation exposure. ED being component of emissions in aluminum production and has high content of resinous substances (RS), including 3,4-benzpyrene. Material and methods. Male Wistar rats were injected ED intratracheally once per month, in doses corresponding to keeping of animals at ED concentrations of 1.0; 5.2 and 25.1 mg/m3, calculated on RS mass. 2 weeks after the 1st and 2nd ED administration and 6 days after the 3rd one, blood serum samples were used for determination of cortisol levels (ELISA) and the following 6 MOD: the intensity of luminol-enchanced chemiluminescence, activities of catalase, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), acid DNAse, acetylesterase and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT). Results. 2 weeks after the 1st and 2nd ED administrations (cortisol content 2 times reduced or not changed), similar significant changes were observed in almost all MOD; 2nd experimental point, if comparing with 1st point, had slight increase in oxidative stress and significant rise in GGT activity (a marker of precancer changes) at the maximum dose. On the contrary, 6 days after the 3rd injection of ED, in parallel with the increase of cortisol content in rat blood by 1.5 - 2 times, small significant changes were found for only one marker (NAG). The obtained data fit into existing concepts about protective role of cortisol and biphasic nature of its release into the blood, allow us to consider the absence of MOD, in parallel with rising levels of C, as a transit phase and have common problem aspects with CIRCI syndrome (Critical illness-Related Corticosteroid Insufficiency) in emergency medicine. Conclusion. Determination of cortisol levels by ELISA assay can be easily incorporated into any toxicological protocol as index of organism adaptive response, but further investigations are needed to clarify its characteristics and to build continuous model from separate time-dose points.
MONITORING HEALTH INDICES IN FEMALES OF DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS
Authors: Aminova Olga S. , Tyatenkova N. N. , Uvarova Yu. E. , Yakovlev S. V.
Published: December 2019

Introduction. Health - is a complex and at the same integral multivariable dynamic state, developing in the process of realization of the genetic potential in a particular social and ecological environment, which permits a person to carry out its biological and social functions. Material and methods Health indices deteriorate with age. In this situation, special attention should be paid to older age groups. However, recent studies prefer to investigate young people. Data about health status of different age groups is not well investigated. Survey of 415 women aged 20 to 59 years residing on Yaroslavl region has been performed. Evaluation of age-related changes in health indices included questionnaire, morphological and functional examination, definition of physical development and adaptative potential according to the calculated indices and reference values. Results. The study examined the dynamics of health indices and established a statistically significant difference in the gain in body weight, blood pressure, total blood cholesterol, decreased lung capacity relative to body mass and adaptive capacity of the cardiovascular system with the age. Analysis of the incidence showed that chronic diseases incidence has increased from 56% in the 20-29 years group to 88% among 50-59 years old persons. Diseases of cardiovascular and musculoskeletal system (48-49%) become predominant pathology with age. Evaluation of lifestyle shows that poor physical activity and sleep disorders were registered in 77% and 32% respectively regardless of age. Eating disorders were registered in 41% patients aged of 20-29 years. Ratio tobacco users decreased from 23% to 10% with age, while the number of cigarettes smoked per day was increased. Сonclusion. The study established the negative dynamics of health indices to be typical for women aged 20-59 years, while the rate of deterioration exceeds the average one in the Russian population. Self-preservation behavior is not predominant in all age groups, it is typical only for 3% of young women and 11-15% of other groups.
THE INFLUENCE OF SEASONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXACERBATIONS OF THE MOST COMMON DISEASES OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM. GENDER AND AGE PECULIARITIES
Authors: Gruzdeva A. Yu. , Saltykova Marina Yu. , Bobrovnitskii I. P. , Balakaeva A. V. , German S. V.
Published: December 2019

Introduction. The aim of the study was to assess seasonal differences in the exacerbations rate of diseases of the circulatory system (DCS), taking into account the nosological form (ICD code), gender and age of patients. Material and methods. 428 727 emergency medical service (EMS) calls to patients with exacerbations of DCS in Yaroslavl for the period 2012-2017 were analyzed. The EMS calls to men and women were analyzed separately. Four groups were identified: AH (arterial hypertension), CHD (coronary heart disease), RD (rhythm disturbance), CVD (cerebrovascular disease), which were divided into age subgroups. To assess the impact of the seasons of the year, the subgroups “winter” (all emergency calls in the winter period (from December to February) and “summer” (all emergency calls in the summer period (from June to August) were additionally identified. Results. The calls due to an elevated arterial blood pressure were most frequent among all the EMS calls from DCS patients. Among them, in all age subgroups older than 40, there were significantly more calls from women, while the calls for exacerbation of other DCS were significantly higher from men. In winter, the number of EMS calls for arterial hypertension was significantly higher than in summer in all age subgroups of men and women older than 40 years. For other analyzed DCS, such regularities were not detected. Conclusion. The patterns revealed in this study should be taken into account both in clinical and preventive practice, and in the organization of work of emergency medical service.
PREVALENCE AND FORECASTING OF ALIMENTARY RISK FACTORS AMONG PATIENTS WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Ivanenko A. V. , Goloschapov-Aksenov R. S. , Kicha Dmitry I.
Published: December 2019

Introduction. The high incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) in the population is largely determined by the significant prevalence of risk factors, including alimentaryones. Risk factors for MI are widely studied, however, forecasts of outcomes of MIare not associated with the prognostic significance of specific factors. Estimates have shown the prognostic significance of priority risk factors for myocardial infarction to remain virtually unexplored. Material and research methods. The object of the study was MI patients treated in hospital. The volume of the study was 162 MI patients (main group) and 140 practically healthy individuals (control group). The subject of the study was the calculation of prognostic coefficients (according to a special formula) based on the analysis of nutritional risk factors for myocardial infarction and an assessment of their prognosticity and prevalence. The sociological method-questioning of patients was applied. Results. The frequent consumption of salty and fatty foods, butter, a large amount of carbohydrate products, the presence of 2nd and 3rd degree obesity patients were establish to have the greatest prognostic value in MI patients. Monitoring highly predictive nutritional risk factors for MI allows identifying the priority preventive impacts, which, in addition, will not be passive, but active. The methodology for predicting the degree of risk of nutritional factors is confirmed in the context of comparative studies of experience and control groups. Conclusion. The identification of these nutritional risk factors in a patient visited the polyclinic allows attributing it to a risk group for the development of myocardial infarction with subsequent targeted laboratory and instrumental examination and registration with the dispensary. Assessment of the prevalence and prognostic significance of nutritional risk factors among MI patients provides opportunities for early detection of health abnormalities and the development of preventive actions.
THE USE OF AGENTS BASED ON THE BACTERIUM BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS VAR. ISRAELENSIS FOR MOSQUITO CONTROL
Authors: Roslavtseva Svetlana A.
Published: December 2019

Mosquito control is necessary to improve the epidemic and, consequently, the sanitary and hygienic situation in human settlements. At the same time, the safest and more environmentally friendly way of controlling is not the fight against adult mosquitoes, but the treatment of reservoirs with microbiological larvicides based on entomopathogenic, aerobic, spore-forming, saprophytic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis (de Barjac) (Bti). A new serotype of the bacterium B. thuringiensis was found in Israel in the Negev desert. This serotype being more active against larvae of blood-sucking and non-blood-sucking mosquitoes and midges than previously known serotypes, was named israelensis. Bti endotoxin is a typical insecticide with intestinal type of action for different mosquito species. For example, Bti H14 is highly insecticidal to the larvae of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus at very low concentrations. The parasporal body (endotoxin crystal), a crystalline protein consisted of four main polypeptides and two minor polypeptides, possesses of a larvicidal action. Larvicidal activity is associated with a synergistic effect in a combination of four polypeptides. The possibility of development of resistance to products based on Bti and Bacillus sphaericus in populations of mosquitoes (Culicidae) was investigated. The use of domestic microbiological formulations based on Bti («Baktitsid», «Larviol-pasta», and «Antinat») was shown an eradication the larvae of bloodsucking mosquitoes and midges to be possible and rational, since they are not generated resistant populations of mosquitoes. This is confirmed by more than 30 years of the use of such formulations.
EARTHWORMS ECOLOGICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGIC CONTRIBUTION TO PREVENTION OF TOXOCARIASIS
Authors: Erofeeva Viktoria V. , Maslennikova O. V.
Published: December 2019

Introduction. Morbidity toxocariasis, second in prevalence geohelminthiasis in Russia, is a serious problem in recent years, especially in metropolitan areas. The involvement of earthworms in the life cycle of toxocarias remains poorly understood. The role of earthworms (paratenic hosts) in the circulation and prevention of toxocariasis is established. The work is aimed at a contribution finding out of earthworms Еisеniа fеtidа (paratenic hosts) in toxocariasis circulation and prevention. Material and methods. Nematodes dehelminthization derived from animals. For the first time in Russian Federation, experiments have been conducted on infestation of earthworms Е. fеtidа with infective eggs Tоxоcаrа cаnis and Tоxоcаrа mystax. Results. In the conducted experiments, possibility is proved of infestation of earthworms Е. fеtidа with infective eggs Т. canis and Т. mystax via earth bacterized with 10000 infective eggs. For the first time migration was proved of ascaridate larvae from intestines to skin-muscular sac of the earthworms. Conclusion. Besides, investigation was conducted aimed at finding out of the period duration of Т. canis and Т. mystax larvae staying in earthworms’ intestines and sinews.
Artificial Neural Network Techniques for the Determination of Condensation Nusselt Number in Horizontal Smooth Tubes
Authors: Sevindir Mustafa Kemal , Gönül Alişan , Çebi Alican , Mercan Hatice
Published: December 2019

In
this study, using readily available experimental data in the literature,
artificial neural networks (ANN) method is adopted to specify condensation
Nusselt number in horizontal smooth tubes. Condensation heat transfer of R22,
R134a and 50/50 and 60/40 of the R32/ R125 azeotropic refrigerant mixtures were
examined with four different ANN methods. The experimental data is taken from
the study of Dobson et al. [1]. The input parameters are mass flux, quality,
hydraulic diameter, Soliman's modified Froude number, density of fluid phase
and dynamic viscosity of liquid phase where the output parameter is the
condensation Nusselt number. In this study the interval for tube diameters is
between 3.14-7.04 mm, and the interval for mass flux is between 50-800 kg/m2s.  The training algorithms are tested using
different neuron numbers and the best algorithm was found as Bayesian
regularization having 8 neurons. It is observed that the Nu number evaluated
using ANN is ± 15% error margin compared to experimental results. Furthermore,
for increasing mass flux rates the error margin is around ± 5%.
Experimental Design of Reactive Extraction of Levulinic Acid Using Green Solvents
Authors: Gök Aslı
Published: December 2019

Levulinic
acid is a carboxylic acid used in many different areas of the industry. It is
used as pesticide and fertilizer in agriculture industry, and it is also used
in the cosmetic industry due to its unique caramel odor and in the food
industry due to its aromatic properties. Carboxylic acids are generally
produced in the industry by fermentation processes, and the final product
concentration is approximately 10% in aqueous solution. There are many
different methods for the separation of acid from an aqueous solution. One of
them is reactive extraction. In this study, it was aimed to remove levulinic
acid from aqueous solution by reactive extraction using Tri-n-octylphosphine
oxide and environmentally friendly solvents (Diethyl
succinate+1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate). The experimental
design was performed, and optimum experimental results were calculated, and
data were analyzed with ANOVA. As a result of the experimental study, the
maximum extraction efficiency was found as 55.1%. The model equation between
the independent variables for the extraction efficiency was determined.
According to these data, the obtained R2 value was calculated as
0.9899.
Focused Software Quality Assurance in Mobile Applications
Authors: Sirshar Mehreen , Imran Sania , Mehboob Faiqa
Published: December 2019

As the time passes the modification in technology world lead to the evaluation in mobile application as well. With evaluation in mobile industry it is an open challenge for software quality researcher that how to enhance software quality to meet the needs of changes? Quality assurance play a key role in differentiating good application from bed application. With the continuous evaluation of mobile application developing process should be quick and efficient to comply with user requirements and satisfaction. While the listed requirement leads to bad design choices known as antipatterns, which in turn affect the reliability of the code. A tool based method PAPRIKA is used in the proposed re-search to identify and monitor these antipatterns together with a two-step assessment model for software quality assurance and object oriented software quality matrix.
A Study Analysis on Effect of Software Scope Management and Scope creeping Factors in Software Project Management
Authors: Sirshar Mehreen , Khalid Muneeza
Published: December 2019

Scope, time, and cost permanently effects each other and most of Information Technology projects fails due to these three factors. Scope shifting mostly occur due to time and cost. At project start, lack of understanding of project and product scope is focal involvement that leads to unsuccessful projects. Complete software scope definition determines quality of project. Defining the customer requirement and the definite scope of project has key role for implementation of project management. The complications originates when systems are developed from impractical expectations and misunderstanding requirements. These problems are cause of many changes, occurs in system development and leads to poor scope management. Scope creep is one of the momentous prompting parameter on the success of project. The failure in manage scope creep leads for 80 percent of software projects failure. However, using agile approach the impact of scope creep on projects become insignificant. A correctly distinct scope tends us to develop a quality product, within identified plans and decided cost to the stake-holders.
Keterkaitan Spasial di Enam Negara Asia: Analisis Input-Output Dunia
Authors: Muchdie M. , Imansyah M. Handry , Prihawantoro Socia
Published: December 2019

This paper presents spatial linkages on calculations of spill-over and feed-back effects of World input-output tables, which is aggregated specifically into six-Asian countries includes China, Indonesia, India, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, plus Australia, United States, and the Rest of the World. The results showed that, firstly output multipliers in six Asian countries tend to increase during 2000–2014, indicating a consistent economic growth. Secondly, except China, output multipliers occurred in other countries tend to increase. Thirdly, in 2000, the United States and Japan were two countries receiving highest output spill-over. However, in year 2014, most of output spill-over moved to China. India and Indonesia received only small part of spill-over from other countries. Fourthly, the highest feed-back effect occurred in China and Japan. The smallest feed-back effect occurred in India and Indonesia. China had smallest spill-over effect but received the highest feed-back effect. ------------------------------------------- Artikel ini menyajikan hasil analisis keterkaitan spasial di enam negara Asia, berdasarkan perhitungan efek limpahan dan efek balik pada tabel input-output dunia, yang diagregasikan untuk enam negara Asia, yang meliputi Cina, Indonesia, India, Jepang, Korea, dan Taiwan ditambah Australia, Amerika Serikat, dan the Rest of the World. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan bahwa, pertama, pengganda output di enam negara Asia cenderung meningkat dalam waktu 2000–2014. Ini merupakan indikasi pertumbuhan ekonomi yang konsisten. Kedua, kecuali di Cina, efek limpahan juga cenderung meningkat. Ketiga, tahun 2000, negara yang paling besar menikmati limpahan adalah Amerika Serikat dan Jepang, tetapi tahun 2014, limpahan terbesar beralih ke Cina. Keempat, efek balik yang terbesar terjadi di Cina dan Jepang. Efek balik terkecil terjadi di India dan Indonesia. Cina mempunyai efek limpahan terkecil tetapi menerima efek balik terbesar.
PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI PENELITIAN TINDAKAN KELAS MELALUI METODE PELATIHAN, PENERAPAN DAN PENDAMPINGAN BAGI GURU SEKOLAH SATU ATAP WASUR DI KABUPATEN MERAUKE
Authors: Sumarsono Adi , Syamsudin
Published: December 2019

Kebutuhan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) harus sudah di lakukan oleh seorang guru guna mengevaluasi dan mencari solusi guna mencapai pembelajaran yang efektif. Guna mendukung program penelitian bagi guru-guru, maka diselenggarakan kegiatan pengabdian ini. Melalui pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk menambah pemahaman, kemampuan keterampilan profesional seorang guru. Metode dalam pengabdian ini melalui tiga tahap kegiatan yaitu pelatihan, penerapan dan pendampingan. Masing-masing program dilaksnakan secara berurutan dengan mengedepankan pemahaman guru-guru. Kegiatan ini terlaksana di Sekolah Menengah Terintegrasi Satu Atap Wasur di Kabupaten Merauke. Proses pelatihan dilakukan melalui kegiatan pemberian materi teori didalam kelas, metode penerapan langsung aiajarkan menulis di komputer menggunakan lab. Komputer sekolah dan pendampingan dilakukan proses revisi penelitian jika proposal hasil kerja sudah selesai dikerjakan. Hasil dari pengabdian ini sangat memberikan tambahan dan penyegaran ilmu kepada guru-guru, hal ini disampaikan bahwa materi PTK masih banyak guru yang belum memahami sebelum diadakan pelatihan ini. Akan tetapi setelah mengikuti kegiatan ini banyak ide yang muncul dan sudah bisa membuat alur penelitian tindakan kelas. Berdasarkan data pretest dan postest terdapat peningkatan pemahaman guru yang signifikan. Kegiatan pengabdian ini sukses terselanggara dengan dukungan dari fihak sekolah sebagai mitra.
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN PRODUK BAHAN ALAM UNTUK PERAWATAN KULIT PADA PESERTA PENDIDIKAN KESETARAAN PAKET B SMPN 138 JAKARTA
Authors: Ambarwati Neneng Siti Silfi , Armandari Mari Okatini , Asnia Marisa
Published: December 2019

Abstract

 Non-formal education of equality education package B in SMP Negeri 138 is organized to meet the learning needs of the community provided and managed by the community in the context of community empowerment in accordance with economic, social and cultural potential, and the natural environment. This training implementation method is 1) Identifies Partner's Problems 2) Troubleshooting 3) Training Implementation 4) Monitoring and Evaluation 5) Output. Implementation begins with the help of knowledge and demonstrations and in the process are guided. Then the participants get to make a bridal scrub by actually producing the following values: from 31 participants who showed very good performance as many as 5 people with a value of 8 with a percentage of 22%, then those who asked for a proposal well 3 people with a value of 7 with a percentage value of 12%, the third criterion is quite good obtained a value of 6 as many as 15 people with a percentage value of 66%. If seen from the results above, the average value of the participants is quite good. This training is about training to provide knowledge about natural ingredients that can be used as skin care and training in making skin care skills. It is hoped that after participating in community service activities, students can make their own skin care cosmetics that are good for themselves and for sale so they can increase family enrichment.

 

Abstrak

Pendidikan nonformal pendidikan kesetaraan paket B di SMP Negeri 138  diselenggarakan untuk memenuhi berbagai kebutuhan belajar masyarakat yang didirikan dan dikelola oleh masyarakat dalam rangka pemberdayaan masyarakat setempat sesuai dengan potensi ekonomi, sosial dan budaya, serta lingkungan alam. Metode pelakasanaan pelatihan ini ialah 1)Mengidentifikasi Masalah Mitra 2)Pemecahan Masalah 3)Pelaksanaan Pelatihan 4)Monitoring dan Evaluasi 5)Luaran. Pelaksanaan diawali dengan pemberian pengetahuan dan demonstrasi serta dalam pengerjaannya dibimbing. Kemudian peserta diminta untuk membuat lulur pengantin dengan benar sehingga menghasilkan nilai sebagai berikut: dari 31 peserta yang menunjukan kinerja sangat baik sebanyak 5 orang dengan nilai yang dihasilkan 8 dengan nilai presentase 22%, kemudian yang memenuhi kriteria baik terdapat 3 orang dengan nilai 7 dengan nilai presentase sebesar 12%, kriteria ketiga yaitu cukup baik didapatkan nilai sebesar 6 sebanyak 15 orang dengan nilai presentase sebesar 66%. Bila dilihat dari hasil diatas bahwa nilai rata-rata peserta cukup baik. Pelatihan ini difokuskan pada kegiatan memberikan pengetahuan tentang bahan alam yang dapat digunakan sebagai kosmetika perawatan kulit dan pelatihan keterampilan membuat kosmetika perawatan kulit. Diharapkan setelah mengikuti kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini, peserta didik dapat membuat sendiri kosmetika perawatan kulit tersebut baik untuk diri sendiri maupun untuk diperjualbelikan sehingga dapat memperkuat perkonomian keluarga.
Contactless Automated Express Evaluation of Damages to a Car Body by Visual Parameters
Authors: Tarasovа M. , Filkin N. , Yurtikov R.
Published: December 2019

Explosive development of computer technologies and their availability made it possible to extensively focus nowadays on emerging state-of-the-art technologies, digitalization, artificial intelligence, and automated systems, including in the field of road safety. It would be reasonable to implement some technical devices in this respect to remove human factor and automate some procedures completed at the scene of a road accident. Automatically filled up road accident inspection records and, mainly, diagrams of the accident will reduce time required for the examining inspector and remove human factor. Ultimately, an automated road accident data sheet is suggested to be established. To tackle the issues above requires a technique to determine whether the produced damages to the car body result from the same road accident. The fact remains that there are circumstances when even vehicle trace examination would not do the job, in case of multiple corrosive damage to the body. In view of the above, a technique designed to determine whether the damages produced are caused at the same point of time gains its ground. A technique for a time-related corrosion examination is offered herein to cut expenditures for diagnostics and expert examination of road accidents. That will also eliminate the matters of argument with respect to the road accident evaluation in court. Among added benefits of the technique are that it is simple, quick to implement, and requires no human involvement. It is a well-established fact that each chemical element or a mixture of substances has its own timeinvariant color attributes which allows to determine availability of one or another substance during corrosion of metal surfaces, by emission from the surface in question.
A Two-Echelon Green Supply Chain for Urban Delivery
Authors: Rossolov A. , Lobashov O. , Kopytkov D. , Botsman A. , Lyfenko S.
Published: December 2019

In recent years the urbanization to affect many countries of the world has made the significant changes to the material flow at all levels of the supply chain. The last mile logistics operating in the urban area has also changed notably. An increase in the volume of material flow within cities has led to a growth in the number of deliveries and the freight turnover, accordingly. The above-stated processes greatly reduce the sustainability of cities, which while keeping the urbanization trend, can lead to the serious negative results of the social and environmental nature not only for the cities, but also for the countries. One way to solve this problem is to create the green supply chains from the multi-echeloning principles. In the paper, the authors have presented a two-echelon green supply chain using the zero transport emissions within the second echelon. A multi-criteria function has been developed to assess the rational location of a transfer point in order to reduce the negative environmental impact from the transportation system. With the PTV Visum software product, a simulation has been conducted to evaluate the alternative scenarios for generating a green supply chain.
Increasing the Quality of Transient Processes in the Vehicle Transmission
Authors: Taratorkin A. , Derzhankii V. , Taratorkin I.
Published: December 2019

The paper shows results of an experimental and theoretical study of dynamic processes in the vehicle transmission after kinematic alignment of elements during gearshifts. The purpose of the research is increasing the quality of transient processes in the vehicle transmission. Applying an analysis of experimental results obtained through looking into dynamics of a 3-ton vehicle transmission and studying literature sources it was established that dynamic loading of the transmission after the kinematic stage of shifting (i. e. synchronizing speeds of driving and driven elements in the gearbox) is influenced by oscillations which are in the single-node mode. Solving the task of increasing transient processes is achieved by applying a method of control power redistribution. By employing simulation models a number of methods were used to regulate power redistribution. Results of computations made it possible to determine that the efficiency of power redistribution are closely related to initial conditions of the process under the study. In the progress of the research a method for identifying the initial conditions was developed. This method is based determining signatures of the torque and its derivatives. In accordance with the research results it turned out that it is appropriate to apply the ZVD (zero vibration derivation) algorithm of power redistribution for low gears (below 4th) from point of view achieving better overshoot and robustness characteristics and a satisfactory response rate level. For higher gears it is recommended that the Ramp algorithm (linear increase in the control input) be used for the cases when the response rate is not longer than period of the single-node mode of oscillations occurring in the dynamic system during a gear shift. Application of the proposed algorithms allows to bring down dynamic loading of the transmission and also to improve the comfort in vehicles.
Signal Pre-Selection for Monitoring and Prediction of Vehicle Powertrain Component Aging
Authors: Udo Sass A. , Esatbeyoglu E. , Iwwerks T.
Published: December 2019

Predictive maintenance has become important for avoiding unplanned downtime of modern vehicles. With increasing functionality the exchanged data between Electronic Control Units (ECU) grows simultaneously rapidly. A large number of in-vehicle signals are provided for monitoring an aging process. Various components of a vehicle age due to their usage. This component aging is only visible in a certain number of in-vehicle signals. In this work, we present a signal selection method for in-vehicle signals in order to determine relevant signals to monitor and predict powertrain component aging of vehicles. Our application considers the aging of powertrain components with respect to clogging of structural components. We measure the component aging process in certain time intervals. Owing to this, unevenly spaced time series data is preprocessed to generate comparable in-vehicle data. First, we aggregate the data in certain intervals. Thus, the dynamic in-vehicle database is reduced which enables us to analyze the signals more efficiently. Secondly, we implement machine learning algorithms to generate a digital model of the measured aging process. With the help of Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) the model gets interpretable. This allows us to extract the most relevant signals and to reduce the amount of processed data. Our results show that a certain number of in-vehicle signals are sufficient for predicting the aging process of the considered structural component. Consequently, our approach allows to reduce data transmission of in-vehicle signals with the goal of predictive maintenance.
Sisal Fiber-Polymer–Treated Sand Mechanical Properties in Triaxial Test
Authors: Wu Lilin , Qian Wei , Liu Jin , Song Zezhuo , Kanungo Debi Prasanna , Bai Yuxia , Bu Fan
Published: December 2019

Natural sisal fiber is an environment-friendly and efficient material for soil reinforcement. Many studies have reported that the shear strength of soil has been improved by the addition of fiber. However, the mechanical properties of sand can be more effectively improved by the incorporation of water-based polymer and sisal fiber. An extensive laboratory testing program was conducted to determine the effect of water-based polyurethane and sisal fiber reinforcement on sand. Laboratory tests included sieve analysis, X-ray diffraction, conventional triaxial compression, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests. The effects of polymer content (PC), fiber content (FC), fiber length (FL), and sample dry density (ρ) are thoroughly investigated. The results indicate that the increases of PC, FC, and ρ all improve the mechanical properties of sand. For FL, this improvement in shear strength was maintained to FLs of up to 18 mm. Beyond 18 mm, the shear strength decreased with further increase in FL. The mixing of polymer and fiber changes the failure mode from shear faulting to ductile flow. This indicates that the ductility of sand is improved. From the SEM images we found that sisal fibers, binding with colloidal materials formed by polymer, fill the sand voids and join the sand particles. This demonstrates that mixing of fiber and polymer can enhance the bonding of sand particles.
Atención en salud materno-infantil y maternidad adolescente en localidades menores de 100 000 habitantes
Authors: Suárez-López Leticia , De Castro Filipa , Hubert Celia , De la Vara-Salazar Elvia , Villalobos Aremis , Hernández-Serrato María I , Escamilla-Núñez Alberto , Shamah-Levy Teresa , Ávila-Burgos Leticia
Published: December 2019

Objetivo. Comparar la cobertura de atención continua de salud materna y de atención en la primera infancia en mujeres con y sin maternidad en la adolescencia (MA), que habitan en localidades menores de 100 000 habitantes. Material y mé­todos. Análisis transversal de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 100k (Ensanut 100k) 2018 en 767 mujeres de 12 a 49 años residentes en localidades con menos de 100 000 habitantes que tuvieron su último hijo dos años anteriores a la encuesta. Se calcularon coberturas de atención a partir de modelos de regresión logística. Resultados. Las mujeres con MA tienen menor cobertura continua en salud materna que las que no tuvieron MA (8.1 y 19.6%, respectivamente). La cobertura de atención del infante con contenido adecua­do fue menor a 30% y no hubo diferencias entre los grupos. Conclusión. Es necesario fortalecer acciones focalizadas en este grupo de mujeres para reducir brechas en las coberturas y mejorar la salud materno-infantil.
Alta prevalencia de anemia en mujeres mexicanas en pobreza, Ensanut 100k
Authors: Mejía-Rodríguez Fabiola , Mundo-Rosas Verónica , Rodríguez-Ramírez Sonia , Hernández-F Mauricio , García-Guerra Armando , Rangel-Baltazar Eduardo , Gómez-Acosta Luz María , Shamah-Levy Teresa
Published: December 2019

Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia y distribución de anemia en mujeres mexicanas y su asociación con factores socio­demográficos y la diversidad de la dieta. Material y mé­todos. Se incluyeron mujeres en edad fértil de la encuesta probabilística Ensanut 100k, que representa a los hogares con menos capacidades económicas. Se estimó la prevalencia de anemia mediante concentración de hemoglobina, con infor­mación sociodemográfica, de salud, inseguridad alimentaria y diversidad de la dieta. Resultados. El 34.3% de las mujeres presentó anemia; los factores protectores para anemia fueron pertenecer al tercil 3 de condición de bienestar (OR=0.26, IC95% 0.16-0.61), alta diversidad de la dieta en áreas rurales (OR=0.57, IC95%0.36-0.92), así como vivir en un hogar con seguridad alimentaria. Conclusiones. Es necesario implementar acciones de detección y atención temprana de la anemia en las mujeres de edad fértil, así como identificar las causas subyacentes y fortalecer y reformular estrategias para prevenirla.
Editorial
Authors: Fuentes Mario Luis
Published: December 2019

[No disponible]
Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2018-19: metodología y perspectivas
Authors: Romero-Martínez Martín , Shamah-Levy Teresa , Vielma-Orozco Edgar , Heredia-Hernández Octavio , Mojica-Cuevas Jaime , Cuevas-Nasu Lucía , Rivera-Dommarco Juan
Published: December 2019

Objetivo. Describir el diseño metodológico de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (Ensanut) 2018. Material y métodos. La Ensanut 2018 es una encuesta probabilística de hogares. Se describen los siguientes elementos del diseño: alcance de la encuesta, procedimiento de muestreo, procedi­miento de medición, procedimiento de inferencia y organiza­ción logística. Resultados. Se obtuvieron 44 064 entrevistas de viviendas completas y 82 499 entrevistas completas de individuos. La tasa de respuesta de hogar fue 87%. La tasa de respuesta de individuos fue de 98%. Conclusiones. El dise­ño probabilístico de la encuesta Ensanut 2018 permite hacer inferencias estadísticas válidas sobre parámetros de interés para la salud pública a nivel nacional y para catorce estados. Además, sus resultados son comparables con la Ensanut 2012 para poder identificar potenciales cambios en los estados de salud y nutrición de la población mexicana, para que en caso de ser necesario se adecuen las políticas de salud.
Health System Factors Influencing Uptake Of Human Papilloma Virus (Hpv) Vaccine Among Adolescent Girls 9-15 Years In Mbale District, Uganda
Authors: NABIRYE JULIET , Andrew Okwi Livex , Nuwematsiko Rebecca , Kiwanuka George , Muneza Fiston , Carol Kamya , Babirye Juliet N
Published: December 2019

Introduction Globally, cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women with more than 85% of the burden in developing countries. In Uganda, cervical cancer has shown an increase of 1.8% per annum over the last twenty years. The availability of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine presents an opportunity to prevent cervical cancer. Understanding how the health system influences uptake of the vaccine is critical to improve it. This study aimed to assess how the health systems is influencing uptake of HPV vaccine so as to inform policy for vaccine implementation and uptake in Mbale district, Eastern Uganda. Methods We conducted a cross sectional study of 407 respondents, selected from 56 villages. Six key informant interviews were conducted with District Health Officials involved in implementation of the HPV vaccine. Quantitative data was analyzed using Stata V.13. Prevalence ratios with their confidence intervals were reported. Qualitative data was audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using MAXQDA V.12, using the six steps of thematic analysis developed by Braun and Clarke. Results 56 (14%) of 407 adolescents self-reported vaccine uptake. 182 (52.3%) of 348 reported lack of awareness about the HPV vaccine as the major reason for not having received it. Receiving vaccines from outreach clinics (p=0.02), having many options from which to receive the vaccine (p=0.02), getting an explanation on possible side-effects (p=0.024), and receiving the vaccine alongside other services (p=0.024) were positively associated with uptake. Key informants reported inconsistency in vaccine supply, inadequate training on HPV vaccine, and the lack of a clear target for HPV vaccine coverage as the factors that contribute to low uptake. Recommendation We recommend training of health workers to provide adequate information on HPV vaccine, raising awareness of the vaccine in markets, schools, and radio talk shows, and communicating the target to health workers. Conclusion Uptake of the HPV vaccine was lower than the Ministry of health target of 80%. We recommend more training of health workers to clearly provide adequate information on HPV vaccine, increasing awareness about the vaccine to the adolescents and reaching out to adolescents in and out of school for vaccination..
Experiences from Decentralised Radiological Services in Norway- a rural case study.
Authors: Myklebust Aud Mette , Eide Hilde , Ellis Brian , Beattie Rona
Published: December 2019

Background Implementation of the Norwegian government’s Coordination Reform (2012) aims to decentralise health care services from centralised hospitals to local communities. Radiological services in Norway are mainly organised in hospitals, because of the significant financial and human resource demands engendered by the need for advanced technological equipment, and specialised staff. Some selected conventional x-ray services have been decentralised into rural communities. The purpose of this single case study was to highlight experiences from different stakeholders’ of organiseing decentralised radiological services in a rural area in Norway. Methods A qualitative single case study design was adopted, collected data using focus groups with healthcare professionals and managers to obtain stakeholder’s experiences of the radiological services in this rural area. The key emergent themes from the literature, decentralisation, quality, professional roles, organisation and economic consequences were discussed with each focus group. Thematic analysis was used for analyzing the primary data collected. Results Four main themes emerged from the focus groups: 1) organisation, 2) quality and safety, 3) funding of radiological services and 4) cooperation between health care professions and health care levels. It was found that the organisation of decentralised radiological services to rural areas is challenging because of the way health services are structured in Norway. The quality of service was found to be inadequate in some areas because of the superficial level of training given to non-radiographic staff. The experience is that the Norwegian funding system hinders an efficient decentralised health care service. Effective cooperation and responsibility between health care professions and levels was challenging. There needs to be improved co-working by clearly defining roles and responsibilities. Conclusions A key recommendation for the organisation of rural radiological service was the development of a satellite link with an acute hospital. Quality of the service could be improved and should be given priority. Structural change to the financial system whereby money follows patients, might also facilitate more patientcentred services across healthcare levels. Improved mutual understanding between rural radiological services and hospital specialists and managers is important for a high quality and consistent radiological service to be delivered across Norway.
Comparative study on the effects of different feeding habits and diets on intestinal microbiota in Acipenser baeri Brandt and Huso huso
Authors: Xu Guanling , Xing Wei , Li Tieliang , Xue Min , Ma Zhihong , Jiang Na , Luo Lin
Published: December 2019

Background: Siberian sturgeon ( Acipenser baeri Brandt) and Beluga sturgeon ( Huso huso ) are two important commercial fish in China, and the feeding habits of them are very different. Diets and feeding habits are two significant factors to affect the gastrointestinal microbiota in ﬁsh. The intestinal microbiota has been reported to play a key role in nutrition and immunity. However, it is rarely reported about the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and feeding habits/diets on different Acipenseridae fish. This study is to comparative analysis of gut microbial community in Siberian sturgeon and Beluga sturgeon fed with the same diet/Beluga sturgeon fed with different diets in order to determine the effects of different feeding habits/diets on the fish intestinal microbiota. Results: According to the experimental objectives, BL and BH groups were Beluga sturgeon ( Huso huso ) fed with low fishmeal diet and high fishmeal diet, respectively. SH group represented Siberian sturgeon ( Acipenser baeri Brandt) fed with the same diet as BH group. After 16 weeks feeding trial, the intestinal microbiota was examined by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology. On the phylum level, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were signiﬁcantly higher in BL group than BH group, and Cyanobacteria showed the opposite trend. Compared with BH group, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were signiﬁcantly increased in SH group, whereas Cyanobacteria were clearly decreased. At the genus level, Pseudomonas and Citrobacter in BL group were signiﬁcantly higher comparing with BH group, while Bacillus , Luteibacter , Staphylococcus and Oceanobacillus was lower in BH group than SH group. Conclusions: Alpha and beta diversities indicated that the intestinal microﬂora were significant difference between Siberian sturgeon and Beluga sturgeon when they fed with the same diet. Meanwhile, Beluga sturgeon fed with low fishmeal diet can increase the species diversity of intestinal microbiota than it fed with high fishmeal diet. Therefore, feeding habits clearly affected the gastrointestinal microbiota of sturgeons. Moreover, the impact of changes in food on the gut microbiota of sturgeons should be taken into consideration during the process of sturgeon aquaculture.