bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization and Mechanism of Cadmium Removal Using Biochar Obtained from Wetland Emergent Plant Zizania caduciflora
Authors: Wang Xiaoshu , Wang Yan , Luo Yimin , Wang Yangyang , Xu Nan , Zhu Jia , Li Yinyin , Wang Longquan , Wang Jinsheng , Huang Xuquan , Wang Lei
Published: January 2023

Wetland emergent plants are considered a good source of biochar materials, which have proven to be an effective alternative to activated carbon for water treatment and soil amendment purposes. In this work, physicochemical properties of biochar made from the root, stem, and leaf of Zizania caduciflora (ZCR, ZCS, and ZCL) under the same pyrolysis condition were compared to evaluate their ability on adsorbing cadmium (Cd) in aqueous solutions. Batch experiments exhibited that the maximum adsorption capacities of Cd(II) by different organs were in the order of ZCL (59.8 mg/g) > ZCS (40.6 mg/g) > ZCR (36.2 mg/g), which have shown some advantages in relevant scientific researches. The adsorption trends at different temperatures were determined and fitted using Langmuir and Freundlich models. The best‐fitted adsorption isotherm was found to be the Langmuir isotherm. Two different kinetic models, pseudo‐first‐order and pseudo‐second‐order, were used to fit the kinetics data, with the latter best describing the experimental data (R2 > 0.989). Statistical analyses showed that ionic strength played an important role in controlling the sorption of Cd(II) onto the ZCR, ZCS, and ZCL. Concerning the mechanism, the adsorption of cadmium on biochar is recognized to be a chemical process as surface complexation and metal ions exchange, while it also exhibits some physisorption features due to the porous and defective structure.
Effects of two kinds of Bacillus on flavour formation of Baijiu solid‐state fermentation with pure mixed bacteria
Authors: Wang Jiwei , Yan Chunyue , Ma Chunlei , Huang Shikuan , Chang Xu , Li Zhijun , Chen Xiong , Li Xin
Published: January 2023

Bacillus plays a unique role in Baijiu brewing, but its functions have not been fully explored. In this study, Aspergillus niger, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Thermoactinospora rubra were used as chassis microorganisms in a fermentation system. Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis, which are common in Maotai‐flavoured Baijiu, were studied in the fermentation. Their metabolic differences and effects on the formation of Baijiu flavour in the process of stacking fermentation were analysed. The combined fermentation system of B. licheniformis showed the highest glucose metabolism, good flavour production, the greatest number of flavour compounds and the highest contents of important compounds, including ethanol (80.51%) and tetramethylpyrazine (0.35%). The maximum concentrations of glucan, maltotriose, maltose monohydrate and glucose were 349.64, 70.98, 64.34 and 51.31 mg g−1, respectively. These results suggested that the metabolism of sugar and its derivatives was closely related to the overall flavour of the fermentation system.
Effects of injection conditions on temperature and component distributions in a CVD furnace for large‐size silica glass
Authors: Li Chengshuai , Zhang Han , Ma Qianli , Fang Haisheng
Published: January 2023

Silica glass is a superior functional material due to its excellent thermophysical properties. With the increasing demand for large‐size and high‐purity silica glass, a novel chemical vapor deposition (CVD) furnace characterized by a crucible has been proposed, which requires a deep understanding of heat and mass transport characteristics inside for better control. Aimed at this, a comprehensive simulation model is developed in the paper. The model is well verified with the experimentally measured temperature and is then used to examine distributions of temperature and critical components in the furnace. Effects of the injection conditions are further investigated, among which the H2–O2 equivalence ratio and flow rate have a great influence on the temperature and components distributions, whereas the SiCl4 flow rate mainly affects the SiO2 distribution. An improved injection condition is put forward finally, which is much better than the reference case; the average for the temperature and SiO2 concentration on the deposition surface is increased, respectively, by 23 K and 0.018 mol/m3, and sufficient homogeneity is maintained.
Orthodontic pretreatment with aligners for optimizing the result prior to fixed restorations in the esthetic zone
Authors: Happe Arndt , Blender Sarah , Luthardt Ralph G.
Published: January 2023

Objective

To show the benefit of a minor orthodontic pretreatment prior to fixed restorations in the esthetic zone in challenging situations.

Overview

Esthetic rehabilitations in complex situations need careful treatment planning and comprehensive interdisciplinary approach. Minor orthodontic pretreatments may transfer complex situations into straight forward situations. Typical indications are space opening in order to provide space for a restoration with anatomic proportion or corrections of the tooth axis.

Conclusion

This article presents three clinical cases that show how decision making can be facilitated by a functional and esthetic wax‐up/mock‐up workflow and how orthodontic pretreatment can contribute to a more functional, less invasive, and more esthetic outcome of restorative treatments in the esthetic zone.

Clinical Significance

Some complex cases in restorative dentistry can be transformed to straight forward cases with the help of minor orthodontic tooth movements.
Targeting carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 isoforms in the hypothalamus: A promising strategy to regulate energy balance
Authors: Rodríguez‐Rodríguez Rosalía , Fosch Anna , Garcia‐Chica Jesús , Zagmutt Sebastián , Casals Nuria
Published: January 2023

Tackling the growing incidence and prevalence of obesity urgently requires uncovering new molecular pathways with therapeutic potential. The brain, and in particular the hypothalamus, is a major integrator of metabolic signals from peripheral tissues that regulate functions such as feeding behavior and energy expenditure. In obesity, hypothalamic capacity to sense nutritional status and regulate these functions is altered. An emerging line of research is that hypothalamic lipid metabolism plays a critical role in regulating energy balance. Here, we focus on the carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) enzyme family responsible for long‐chain fatty acid metabolism. The evidence suggests that two of its isoforms expressed in the brain, CPT1A and CPT1C, play a crucial role in hypothalamic lipid metabolism, and their promise as targets in food intake and bodyweight management is currently being intensively investigated. In this review we describe and discuss the metabolic actions and potential up‐ and downstream effectors of hypothalamic CPT1 isoforms, and posit the need to develop innovative nanomedicine platforms for selective targeting of CPT1 and related nutrient sensors in specific brain areas as potential next‐generation therapy to treat obesity.
Trajectories of positive youth development and promotive factors among adolescents during the transition to high school in China
Authors: Chai Xiaoyun , Xiong Peng , Lin Danhua
Published: January 2023

Within the framework of positive youth development (PYD) and life course theory, this study was designed to examine patterns of PYD and promotive factors over the first semester of Chinese high school with a sample of 480 students (boys, 43.96%). The growth mixture model identified four trajectories of PYD, labeled high start–fast decreasing, high start–low decreasing, low start–low increasing, and mid–persistent. Results also showed that membership in a PYD trajectory is significantly related to three promotive factors: parental involvement, teacher involvement, and intentional self‐regulation. These findings have important theoretical and practical insights for a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms of positive development in adolescents following the critical period surrounding the transition to high school.
Positioning modernist texts in the English department in Hong Kong: From ‘planetary’ modernisms to ‘planetary’ pedagogies?
Authors: Chan Evelyn Tsz Yan
Published: January 2023

This essay discusses the pedagogical implications of recent theorizations of new modernisms as ‘planetary’ for Asian contexts such as Hong Kong. It explains how modernist texts lend themselves strongly to the uncanny experience of seeing the self in the other and vice versa in the setting of Hong Kong modernities, which leads to a much deeper understanding of both the self and the other. The essay argues that this quality can be harnessed using a creative writing approach that emphasizes exploring these present modernities in courses on modernism in English departments. One of the conscious goals of modernist studies in Asian settings such as Hong Kong then becomes not only (or even not primarily) the turn outward, but also the turn inward, the defamiliarization and refamiliarization of the ‘home’.
Global modernist studies: Asian perspectives
Authors: Zhang Nan , Shin Kunio
Published: January 2023

Bringing together a polyphony of voices from Asia, this special issue seeks to contribute to a more nuanced picture of modernist histories and practices during both the heyday of modernism in the arts in the early twentieth century and the present day, when the new modernist studies keeps refreshing conceptions of modernism across multiple spatiotemporal scales. With case studies situated in Korea, Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong, and India, the issue aims to be illustrative rather than comprehensive in terms of its focus, scope, and approaches. Addressing conceptual, institutional, and pedagogical aspects of modernist practices across various sites of Asia, this cluster of essays offers new data and fresh perspectives, from which we can examine how an internally diverse region like Asia simultaneously uncovers the intricate complexities of global modernist studies and furnishes possibilities to rethink, or even reshape, its ongoing development.
Beyond taxonomies: Vagrantly “inhabiting” the modernist classroom
Authors: Mundeja Ruchi
Published: January 2023

This article takes the current transnational turn in modernist studies as entry point to probe how that plays out in the classroom in non‐Western locations that are often also the “locales” of that disciplinary shift. I propose a waylaying of the energies of dispersion and diffusion that currently animate the modernist field to decolonize the modernist classroom through a parallel vagrancy, but one focused on recovering the local from these compelling taxonomic shifts. It is quite easy to be sucked under by the adrenaline rush of these expansions of new modernist studies that mirror modernism's own self–mythologies. To resist that, we need to be vagrants inside the classroom, to bring into it the choice pickings from our wider reading and research. Our fealty to the modernist archive and the professional competence incumbent on us notwithstanding, our ability to bring tentative new findings from our own research and readings, can potentially dynamize our teaching spaces, as also our commitment to a more decenterd approach. Ready embraces of belatedly discovered writers into the modernist corpus might make our taxonomies look suitably plural and fashionable but subsume the writers' own demonstrated recalcitrance to those taxonomies. Teaching modernism as a core course with a fixed, prescribed, syllabi comprising largely of the Anglo‐American presences such as Virginia Woolf and Joseph Conrad has in some ways released the itinerant in me. Through carefully culled examples from my own teaching of the modernist canon, I argue that a genuine opening of modernist studies within the classroom can come from a tempering of the ‘professional’ by itinerant interludes.
The role of structural variants in pest adaptation and genome evolution of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)
Authors: Cohen Zachary P. , Schoville Sean D. , Hawthorne David J.
Published: January 2023

Structural variation has been associated with genetic diversity and adaptation. Despite these observations, it is not clear what their relative importance is for evolution, especially in rapidly adapting species. Here, we examine the significance of structural polymorphisms in pesticide resistance evolution of the agricultural super‐pest, the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata. By employing a parent offspring trio sequencing procedure, we develop highly contiguous reference genomes to characterize structural variation. These updated assemblies represent >100‐fold improvement of contiguity and include derived pest and ancestral nonpest individuals. We identify >200,000 structural variations, which appear to be nonrandomly distributed across the genome as they co‐occur with transposable elements and genes. Structural variations intersect with exons in a large proportion of gene annotations (~20%) that are associated with insecticide resistance (including cytochrome P450s), development, and transcription. To understand the role structural variations play in adaptation, we measure their allele frequencies among an additional 57 individuals using whole genome resequencing data, which represents pest and nonpest populations of North America. Incorporating multiple independent tests to detect the signature of natural selection using SNP data, we identify 14 genes that are probably under positive selection, include structural variations, and SNPs of elevated frequency within the pest lineages. Among these, three are associated with insecticide resistance based on previous research. One of these genes, CYP4g15, is coinduced during insecticide exposure with glycosyltransferase‐13, which is a duplicated gene enclosed within a structural variant adjacent to the CYP4g15 genic region. These results demonstrate the significance of structural variations as a genomic feature to describe species history, genetic diversity, and adaptation.
Genomic basis of Y‐linked dwarfism in cichlids pursuing alternative reproductive tactics
Authors: Singh Pooja , Taborsky Michael , Peichel Catherine L. , Sturmbauer Christian
Published: January 2023

Sexually antagonistic selection, which favours different optima in males and females, is predicted to play an important role in the evolution of sex chromosomes. Body size is a sexually antagonistic trait in the shell‐brooding cichlid fish Lamprologous callipterus, as “bourgeois” males must be large enough to carry empty snail shells to build nests whereas females must be small enough to fit into shells for breeding. In this species, there is also a second male morph: smaller “dwarf” males employ an alternative reproductive strategy by wriggling past spawning females into shells to fertilize eggs. L. callipterus male morphology is passed strictly from father to son, suggesting Y‐linkage. However, sex chromosomes had not been previously identified in this species, and the genomic basis of size dimorphism was unknown. Here we used whole‐genome sequencing to identify a 2.4‐Mb sex‐linked region on scaffold_23 with reduced coverage and single nucleotide polymorphism density in both male morphs compared to females. Within this sex region, distinct Y‐haplotypes delineate the two male morphs, and candidate genes for body size (GHRHR, a known dwarfism gene) and sex determination (ADCYAP1R1) are in high linkage disequilibrium. Because differences in body size between females and males are under strong selection in L. callipterus, we hypothesize that sexual antagonism over body size initiated early events in sex chromosome evolution, followed by Y divergence to give rise to bourgeois and dwarf male reproductive strategies. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that sexually antagonistic traits should be linked to young sex chromosomes.
Placebo effects in functional dyspepsia: Causes and implications for clinical trials
Authors: Jones Michael P. , Holtmann Gerald
Published: January 2023

Placebo responses to an apparently inactive intervention are of interest from a scientific perspective as they suggest possible mechanism(s) at work beyond the intervention itself. They are also of interest from a clinical trials perspective since high rates of placebo response limit the potential to demonstrate worthwhile efficacy of a new intervention. This mini‐review was motivated by the work of Bosman and colleagues(Neurogastroenterol Motil, 2022, and e14474) that is published in this issue of the journal in which they report on a systematic review and meta‐analysis of placebo response in functional dyspepsia clinical trials. The review sets the scene for their work by putting it in the context of other disorders of brain–gut interaction and extra‐gastrointestinal disorders. The review canvasses potential mechanisms of placebo response.
Work‐family research: A review and next steps
Authors: Allen Tammy D. , French Kimberly A.
Published: January 2023

Our review highlights key contributions to the work‐family literature, including research published in Personnel Psychology. We review foundational key constructs (e.g., work‐family conflict), theories (e.g., boundary management), and methodology and measurement issues (e.g., episodic versus levels approaches) at the intersection of work and family. We then review select topics that move from the more micro (e.g., individual emotions and health) to the more macro (e.g., cross‐cultural) in scope. In addition, taking stock of the work‐family field's trajectory, we mapped future research directions that have been posed by researchers over the past two decades in previous narrative reviews and examine the extent that they have been heeded within the Personnel Psychology work‐family literature. We use insights from the past and from contemporary research, as well as from societal trends, to provide a set of “next generation” future research directions. Finally, we provide practical implications from the research to date.
Antigen‐specific IgG subclass composition in recipient mice can indicate the degree of red blood cell alloimmunization as well as discern between primary and secondary immunization
Authors: Wabnitz Hanna , Cruz‐Leal Yoelys , Lazarus Alan H.
Published: January 2023

Background

Despite the vast antigen disparity between donor and recipient red blood cells (RBCs), only 2%–6% of transfusion patients mount an alloantibody response. Recently, RBC antigen density has been proposed as one of the factors that can influence alloimmunization, however, there has been no characterization of the role of antigen density along with RBC dose in primary and secondary immunization.

Study Design and Methods

To generate RBCs that express distinct antigen copy numbers, different quantities of hen egg lysozyme (HEL) were coupled to murine RBCs. The HEL‐RBCs were subsequently transfused into recipient mice at different RBC doses and their HEL‐specific IgM, IgG, and IgG subclass response was evaluated.

Results

Productive immune responses could be generated through a high copy number antigen transfused at low RBC doses or a low copy number transfused at high RBC doses. Further, primary but submaximal humoral immunization predominantly induced the IgG2b and IgG3 subclasses. In contrast, a maximal primary immunization or a secondary immunization induced all four IgG subclasses.

Discussion

Our results confirm the existence of an antigen threshold for productive immune responses but indicate that a high antigen copy number alone might not be enough to induce a response, but rather a combination of both antigen copy number and cell dosage may determine the outcome of immunization. Further, this study provides a proof of concept that the IgG subclass composition can be an indicator of the level of RBC alloimmunization as well as discern between primary and secondary immunization at least in this murine model.
Trimethylamine-N-oxide is associated with cardiovascular mortality and vascular brain lesions in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Luciani Marco , Müller Daniel , Vanetta Chiara , Diteepeng Thamonwan , von Eckardstein Arnold , Aeschbacher Stefanie , Rodondi Nicolas , Moschovitis Giorgio , Reichlin Tobias , Sinnecker Tim , Wuerfel Jens , Bonati Leo H , Saeedi Saravi Seyed Soheil , Chocano-Bedoya Patricia , Coslovsky Michael , Camici Giovanni G , Lüscher Thomas F , Kuehne Michael , Osswald Stefan , Conen David , Beer Jürg Hans
Published: January 2023

Objective

Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a metabolite derived from the microbial processing of dietary phosphatidylcholine and carnitine and the subsequent hepatic oxidation. Due to its prothrombotic and inflammatory mechanisms, we aimed to assess its role in the prediction of adverse events in a susceptible population, namely patients with atrial fibrillation.

Methods

Baseline TMAO plasma levels were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in 2379 subjects from the ongoing Swiss Atrial Fibrillation cohort. 1722 underwent brain MRI at baseline. Participants were prospectively followed for 4 years (Q1–Q3: 3.0–5.0) and stratified into baseline TMAO tertiles. Cox proportional hazards and linear and logistic mixed effect models were employed adjusting for risk factors.

Results

Subjects in the highest TMAO tertile were older (75.4±8.1 vs 70.6±8.5 years, p<0.01), had poorer renal function (median glomerular filtration rate: 49.0 mL/min/1.73 m2(35.6–62.5) vs 67.3 mL/min/1.73 m2(57.8–78.9), p<0.01), were more likely to have diabetes (26.9% vs 9.1%, p<0.01) and had a higher prevalence of heart failure (37.9% vs 15.8%, p<0.01) compared with patients in the lowest tertile. Oral anticoagulants were taken by 89.1%, 94.0% and 88.2% of participants, respectively (from high to low tertiles). Cox models, adjusting for baseline covariates, showed increased total mortality (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.17 to 2.32, p<0.01) as well as cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.86, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.88, p<0.01) in the highest compared with the lowest tertile. When present, subjects in the highest tertile had more voluminous, large, non-cortical and cortical infarcts on MRI (log-transformed volumes; exponentiated estimate 1.89, 95% CI 1.11 to 3.21, p=0.02) and a higher chance of small non-cortical infarcts (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.16 to 2.22, p<0.01).

Conclusions

High levels of TMAO are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and cerebral infarction in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Trial registration number

NCT02105844.
Prospective study of sleep duration, snoring and risk of heart failure
Authors: Zhuang Sheng , Huang Shue , Huang Zhe , Zhang Shun , Al-Shaar Laila , Chen Shuohua , Wu Shouling , Gao Xiang
Published: January 2023

Objective

To investigate whether nighttime sleep duration and snoring status were associated with incident heart failure (HF).

Methods

A prospective study was conducted based on Kailuan cohort including 93 613 adults free of pre-existing cardiovascular diseases. Sleep duration and snoring status were assessed by self-reported questionnaire. Incident HF cases were ascertained by medical records. Cox proportional hazards model was applied to calculate the HR and 95% CI of risk of developing HF. Mediation analysis was used to understand whether hypertension and diabetes mediated the association between sleep duration, snoring and HF. Data analysis was performed from 1 June 2021 to 1 June 2022.

Results

During a median follow-up of 8.8 years, we documented 1343 incident HF cases. Relative to sleep duration of 7.0–7.9 hour/night, short sleep duration was associated with higher risk of developing HF: adjusted HR was 1.24 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.55) for <6 hours/night and 1.29 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.57) for 6.0–6.9 hours/night, after adjustment for potential confounders such as age, sex, smoking, hypertension and diabetes. A similar 20%–30% higher risk of incident HF was found in individuals reporting occasional or frequent snoring relative to never/rare snorers: adjusted HR was 1.32 for occasional snoring (95% CI 1.14 to 1.52) and 1.24 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.46) for frequent snoring. Presence of diabetes significantly mediated the association between both short sleep duration and snoring and HF risk and hypertension significantly mediated the snoring–HF relationship.

Conclusion

Short sleep duration and snoring were associated with high risk of HF.
Spontaneous, naturally occurring cancers in non-human primates as a translational model for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Deycmar Simon , Gomes Bruno , Charo Jehad , Ceppi Maurizio , Cline J Mark
Published: January 2023

The complexity of cancer immunotherapy (CIT) demands reliable preclinical models to successfully translate study findings to the clinics. Non-human primates (NHPs; here referring to rhesus and cynomolgus macaques) share broad similarities with humans including physiology, genetic homology, and importantly also immune cell populations, immune regulatory mechanisms, and protein targets for CIT. Furthermore, NHP naturally develop cancers such as colorectal and breast cancer with an incidence, pathology, and age pattern comparable to humans. Thus, these tumor-bearing monkeys (TBMs) have the potential to bridge the experimental gap between early preclinical cancer models and patients with human cancer.

This review presents our current knowledge of NHP immunology, the incidence and features of naturally-occurring cancers in NHP, and recent TBM trials investigating CIT to provide a scientific rationale for this unique model for human cancer.
Antibody-induced erythrophagocyte reprogramming of Kupffer cells prevents anti-CD40 cancer immunotherapy-associated liver toxicity
Authors: Pfefferlé Marc , Dubach Irina L , Buzzi Raphael M , Dürst Elena , Schulthess-Lutz Nadja , Baselgia Livio , Hansen Kerstin , Imhof Larissa , Koernig Sandra , Le Roy Didier , Roger Thierry , Humar Rok , Schaer Dominik J , Vallelian Florence
Published: January 2023

Background

Agonistic anti-CD40 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have emerged as promising immunotherapeutic compounds with impressive antitumor effects in mouse models. However, preclinical and clinical studies faced dose-limiting toxicities mediated by necroinflammatory liver disease. An effective prophylactic treatment for liver immune-related adverse events that does not suppress specific antitumor immunity remains to be found.

Methods

We used different mouse models and time-resolved single-cell RNA-sequencing to characterize the pathogenesis of anti-CD40 mAb induced liver toxicity. Subsequently, we developed an antibody-based treatment protocol to selectively target red blood cells (RBCs) for erythrophagocytosis in the liver, inducing an anti-inflammatory liver macrophage reprogramming.

Results

We discovered that CD40 signaling in Clec4f+Kupffer cells is the non-redundant trigger of anti-CD40 mAb-induced liver toxicity. Taking advantage of the highly specific functionality of liver macrophages to clear antibody-tagged RBCs from the blood, we hypothesized that controlled erythrophagocytosis and the linked anti-inflammatory signaling by the endogenous metabolite heme could be exploited to reprogram liver macrophages selectively. Repeated low-dose administration of a recombinant murine Ter119 antibody directed RBCs for selective phagocytosis in the liver and skewed the phenotype of liver macrophages into a Hmoxhigh/Marcohigh/MHCIIlowanti-inflammatory phenotype. This unique mode of action prevented necroinflammatory liver disease following high-dose administration of anti-CD40 mAbs. In contrast, extrahepatic inflammation, antigen-specific immunity, and antitumor activity remained unaffected in Ter119 treated animals.

Conclusions

Our study offers a targeted approach to uncouple CD40-augmented antitumor immunity in peripheral tissues from harmful inflammatoxicity in the liver.
Visualization and Visual Analytics Approaches for Image and Video Datasets: A Survey
Authors: Afzal Shehzad , Ghani Sohaib , Hittawe Mohamad Mazen , Rashid Sheikh Faisal , Knio Omar M. , Hadwiger Markus , Hoteit Ibrahim
Published: January 2023

Image and video data analysis has become an increasingly important research area with applications in different domains such as security surveillance, healthcare, augmented and virtual reality, video and image editing, activity analysis and recognition, synthetic content generation, distance education, telepresence, remote sensing, sports analytics, art, non-photorealistic rendering, search engines, and social media. Recent advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and particularly deep learning have sparked new research challenges and led to significant advancements, especially in image and video analysis. These advancements have also resulted in significant research and development in other areas such as visualization and visual analytics, and have created new opportunities for future lines of research. In this survey article, we present the current state of the art at the intersection of visualization and visual analytics, and image and video data analysis. We categorize the visualization articles included in our survey based on different taxonomies used in visualization and visual analytics research. We review these articles in terms of task requirements, tools, datasets, and application areas. We also discuss insights based on our survey results, trends and patterns, the current focus of visualization research, and opportunities for future research.
Subjective Health and Physical-Activity Engagement across Adulthood: Distinguishing between Within-Person and Between-Person Associations
Authors: Wong Natalie , Gong Xianmin
Published: January 2023

Introduction: It is assumed that age-related increases in loss (e.g., health decline) motivate behavioral changes (e.g., prevention of health decline) across adulthood. This assumption has rarely been directly tested in empirical research, and the current study seeks to fill this gap. Methods: By performing random intercept cross-lagged panel model and multilevel modeling analyses on a three-wave longitudinal dataset from the Midlife in the United States survey (N = 7,108; 51.6% female; between 20 and 75 years at T1), we examined the between-person and the within-person associations between subjective health and engagement in physical activity. Chronic conditions, difficulty in performing daily activities, and demographic variables were controlled for. Results: At the between-person level, subjective (i.e., self-rated) health was positively associated with physical activity in the whole sample and the older subgroup (T1 age >55 years), but not in the younger subgroup (T1 age <35 years). At the within-person level, the association between subjective health and subsequent physical activity was negative in the whole sample and the older subgroup, but nonsignificant (between T1 and T2) or positive (between T2 and T3) in the younger subgroup. Discussion: This study revealed various associations between subjective health and engagement in physical activity across levels (the within- vs. between-person level) and across age groups (younger vs. older group). The finding contributes to a better understanding of people’s health behavior in reaction to health decline at different ages. It also supports the proposition that age-related intraindividual increases in losses (e.g., health decline) motivate behaviors that counteract such losses (e.g., physical activity that protects health).
Review of Pediatric Extraosseous Chordomas with a Unique, Illustrative Case
Authors: Lee Benjamin J. , Grossen Audrey , Shi Helen , Abu Mehsen Sara , Yu Zhongxin , Fung Kar-Ming A. , Memon Khairuddin , Gernsback Joanna E.
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Chordoma is a rare, aggressive tumor that is believed to originate from notochord remnants. It can occur anywhere from the clivus to the sacrum and often recurs even after resection and radiotherapy. We present a unique case that initially suggested a different pathology based on imaging and presentation but was found to be a chordoma on gross and pathological analysis. Case Presentation: An 11-year-old girl presented outpatient for scoliosis evaluation and was found to have what appeared to be a right L4 peripheral nerve sheath tumor on MRI, causing dextroconvex scoliosis. She underwent a gross total resection via a retroperitoneal approach and was found to have what appeared to be an extraosseous, extradural, extra-spinal canal lumbar chordoma. Immunohistochemical features on surgical pathology were consistent with chordoma. The patient was referred to radiation oncology for adjuvant radiotherapy and pediatric hematology/oncology for recurrence monitoring. Discussion: Our case is the first to present in such a manner, was shown to be external to the spinal canal, encasing the nerve root, and was the first such case in a pediatric patient. We reviewed the growing body of literature on spinal extraosseous chordomas and their characteristics within the pediatric patient population. We also reviewed chordoma pathogenesis theories as well as current and future treatment options.
Dose-Dependent Association between Sarcopenia and Moderate-To-Severe Thoracic Vertebral Fragility Fracture in Older Adults
Authors: Chiu Ching-Ming , Yang Kuen-Cheh , Chang Hao-Hsiang , Lu Chia-Wen , Chiang Chien-Hsieh , Huang Kuo-Chin
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Sarcopenia and vertebral fracture affect a large number of older adults and can be debilitating. However, the correlation between sarcopenia and vertebral fracture has not been well studied. Thus, this study investigates the correlation between vertebral fragility fracture and the severity of sarcopenia. Method: This cross-sectional study included 300 community-dwelling older adults with risk higher than 10-year probability of 3% for a hip fracture and 20% for a major osteoporotic fracture by FRAX score. Sarcopenia was defined according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia consensus. Bone mineral density (BMD) was classified into normal or abnormal groups (T score ≤ −1.0) according to WHO criteria. Vertebral fracture was graded mild, moderate, and severe by a standardized semi-quantitative method. The association between sarcopenia and vertebral fragility fracture was investigated using a logistic regression model adjusted for confounding factors. Results: Compared with the normal BMD group, the abnormal BMD group had a significantly higher prevalence of sarcopenia (7.4 vs. 26.6%, p < 0.001), poorer muscle mass (p < 0.001), and poorer hand grip (p < 0.001). The prevalence of moderate-to-severe fracture was significantly different (p = 0.006) among severe sarcopenia (16.7%), sarcopenia (6.9%), and non-sarcopenia (3.7%) for thoracic vertebrae. In the logistical regression model adjusted for confounding factors, sarcopenia plus severe sarcopenia was identified as a risk factor for moderate-to-severe thoracic vertebral fragility fracture (odds ratio [OR] = 3.29, 95% CI: 1.23–8.78, p = 0.018). We further classified the participants into normal, sarcopenia, and severe sarcopenia and found that sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia had a dose-dependent association with prevalence of thoracic vertebral fragility fractures with ORs of 2.56 (95% CI: 0.66–9.91) and 4.04 (95% CI: 1.24–13.20), respectively; p for trend = 0.014. Conclusion: Sarcopenia is a potential risk factor for and has a dose-dependent association with moderate-to-severe thoracic fragility fracture in older adults at increased risk for fractures.
ВИВЧЕННЯ СПЕКТРАЛЬНИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ДЕКСТРОМЕТОРФАНУ
Authors: Mykhalkiv M. M. , Yatsyuk V. M. , Korobchuk V. M. , Dmytriv M. I. , Ivanusa I. B.
Published: January 2023

Мета роботи. Вивчити ІЧ- та УФ-спектри поглинання декcтрометорфану, розрахувати його молярні та питомі показники світлопоглинання у розчинниках різної полярності.

Матеріали і методи. Для аналізу було використано субстанцію декстрометорфану гідроброміду. Для запису електронних спектрів поглинання і вимірювання абсорбції застосовували спектрофотометри Cary 50 M і Lambda-25. ІЧ-спектроскопічне вивчення декcтрометорфану гідроброміду здійснювали з використанням спектрометра Nicolet iS 10FTIR.

Результати й обговорення. Ми вивчили УФ-спектри декстрометорфану в різних розчинниках, які відрізняються полярністю: етанол, хлороформ, вода, гексан, діетиловий ефір. Як показують результати наших досліджень, максимум поглинання декстрометорфану в УФ-ділянці знаходиться в діапазоні 280 - 282 нм у всіх розчинниках. Особливістю і відмінністю спектрів у різних за полярністю розчинниках є наявність меншого чи більшого розширення-роздвоєння у максимумі смуги поглинання. Як показали результати наших досліджень, найбільший молярний і питомий показники світлопоглинання характерні для розчинів декстрометорфану в хлороформі (2193 та 80,83 відповідно) і етанолі (2181 та 80,40 відповідно). Було розшифровано ІЧ-спектр декcтрометорфану.

Висновки. Отримані ІЧ- та УФ-спектри поглинання декстрометорфану можуть у подальшому будуть використані для ідентифікації та кількісного визначення, розраховані молярні та питомі показники світлопоглинання у різних розчинниках. При кількісному визначенні як розчинник раціонально використовувати етиловий спирт.
ВПЛИВ СУХОГО ЕКСТРАКТУ ПАГОНІВ ВЕРБИ САХАЛІНСЬКОЇ НА АГРЕГАЦІЮ І ГЕМОСТАЗ В УМОВАХ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОГО ТРОМБОФЛЕБІТУ
Authors: Maloshtan L. M. , Artemova K. O.
Published: January 2023

Мета роботи. Дослідження впливу СЕПВС на агрегаційні властивості та гемостаз в умовах експериментального тромбофлебіту у кролів.

Матеріали і методи. Експеримент проводився на 5 групах кролів. 1 група – інтактний контроль, 2 група – тварини з експериментальним тромбофлебітом, 3 група тварин отримувала у профілактичному режимі СЕПВС. 4 група отримувала референтний препарат – АСК за дві години до експерименту. 5 група – ескувіт. Експериментальний тромбофлебіт викликали введенням у ділянку крайової вени вуха кроля розчину 2% люголю. З метою оцінки реологічних властивостей крові у кролів досліджували агрегацію тромбоцитів за допомогою турбідиметричного оптичного методу Борна з використанням агрегометра та індукторів агрегації тромбоцитів – аденозин-5-дифосфат (АДФ) і адреналіну.

Результати й обговорення. Експериментально установлено, що в групі тварин, які отримали СЕПВС, спостерігалося достовірне збільшення ПЧ у 1,2 раза порівняно з групою контрольної патології. На фоні лікування СЕПВС швидкість і ступінь агрегації тромбоцитів достовірно знижувалась у порівнянні з КП р<0,05 в 1,6 та 1,5 раза, і до кінця експерименту практично досягала рівня інтактного контролю. Ацетилсаліцилова кислота виявила виражену дію на вплив адреналін-індукованої агрегації тромбоцитів, що виявилося у достовірному зниженні всіх досліджуваних показників. Ескувіт проявив менш виражену дію.

Висновки. Результати дослідження свідчать про виражений вплив фітоекстракту, що вивчається, на агрегацію тромбоцитів в умовах експериментального тромбофлебіту. Сухий екстракт пагонів верби сахалінської знижує чутливість тромбоцитів до адреналіну, що дозволяє розглядати його як перспективний засіб у лікуванні кардіоваскулярної патології.
Досвід виконання одномоментної залобкової простатектомії та симультанної передочеревинної герніопластики у хворих на доброякісну гіперплазію простати та пахвинну грижу
Authors: Шапринський В. О. , Горовий В. І. , Капшук О. М. , Морару-Бурлеску Р. П. , Довгань І. І. , Маласаєв М. О. , Балацький О. Р. , Тагеєв В. Р.
Published: January 2023

Мета роботи: оцінити безпосередні та віддалені результати одномоментної залобкової простатектомії та симультанної передочеревинної герніопластики у хворих на доброякісну гіперплазію простати та пахвинну грижу.
Матеріали і методи. представлено результати лікування 152 хворих на доброякісну гіперплазію простати: основну групу становили 32 (21,1 %) пацієнти із доброякісною гіперплазією простати та пахвинною грижею, яким у клініці виконали одномоментну залобкову простатектомію та симультанну передочеревинну пахвинну герніопластику. Групу порівняння становили 120 (78,9 %) хворих із доброякісною гіперплазією простати, яким виконали одномоментну залобкову простатектомію. Ускладнення після хірургічних операцій оцінювали за Clavien – Dindo. Оцінку якості життя хворих після симультанних передочеревинних герніопластик пахвинних гриж проводили за опитувальником EuraHS – Quality of Life scale через 6 та 12 місяців після операції.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення.  Середній вік хворих групи порівняння становив (68,0±7,2) року, основної групи – (67,1±6,9) року; середній об’єм простати у хворих групи порівняння становив (94,4±42,3) см3, основної групи – (91,2±32,6) см3. У всіх 32 хворих основної групи виявлено пахвинну грижу, у 4 хворих із них – з обох боків (всього 36 пахвинних гриж). Середні терміни виконання залобкової простатектомії в основній групі хворих та групі порівняння були статистично однакові ((82,8±25,6) та (80,1±17,4) хв), а симультанна герніопластика з одного боку тривала у середньому (35,0±17,4) хв. Неурологічні ускладнення в основній групі хворих спостерігали у 2 (6,25 %) хворих, у групі порівняння – 9 (7,5 %); урологічні – 11 (34,2 %) та 40 (33,3%) відповідно і статистично були однаковими. Середній післяопераційний ліжко-день у хворих основної групи становив (9,5±1,7) дня; у групі порівняння – (9,8±2,9) дня. Якість життя хворих після симультанних операцій була статистично краща через зазначені терміни після хірургічного втручання при порівнянні із доопераційною якістю життя. Рецидивів пахвинної грижі через 3–5 років після операції не виявили.
Виконання симультанної передочеревинної пахвинної герніопластики одночасно із одномоментною залобковою простатекто­мією у хворих на доброякісну гіперплазію простати та пахвинну грижу статистично не погіршує безпосередні і віддалені результати залобкової простатектомії, а також  допомогає надійно усунути із одного хірургічного доступу одночасно два захворювання.
Вибір системи оцінки тяжкості бойової хірургічної травми в поранених із вогнепальними дефектами м’яких тканин на І–ІІ рівнях медичного забезпечення
Authors: Хоменко І. П. , Хорошун Е. М. , Макаров В. В. , Негодуйко В. В. , Тертишний С. В. , Майданюк В. П. , Вайс Б.
Published: January 2023

Мета роботи: вивчити особливості комбінації ПІ та AdTS під час діагностичних алгоритмів у ході лікувально-діагностичного процесу в поранених із вогнепальними дефектами м’яких тканин та довести ефективність.

Матеріали і методи. У дослідження було включено 342 поранені, з яких 128 – поранені основної групи та 214 – поранені групи порівняння. В основній групі на перший рівень медичного забезпечення надійшли всі 128 (100 %) поранених із вогнепальними дефектами мʼяких тканин. Медичну допомогу за першим рівнем надавали військовослужбовці Збройних Сил України в порядку само- та взаємодопомоги в 87 (68,0 %) випадках, санітари-інструктори – в 26 (20,3 %), фельдшери – в 12 (9,4 %), лікарі – в 3 (2,3 %).

У групі порівняння всі 214 поранених із вогнепальними дефектами мʼяких тканин становили вихідний потік. Після надання медичної допомоги за першим рівнем нетяжку травму за шкалою AdTS та ПІ мали 74 (34,6 %) поранених, тяжку – 112 (52,3 %) та вкрай тяжку – 28 (13,1 %). Відповідно до планіметричної класифікації вогнепальних дефектів мʼяких тканин надвеликі розміри ушкоджень мали 14 (6,5 %) поранених, великі – 70 (32,7 %), середні – 130 (60,8 %) поранених групи порівняння.

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Аналіз отриманих результатів дає змогу зробити висновок про необхідність визначеня тяжкості бойової хірургічної травми в поранених із вогнепальними дефектами мʼяких тканин на рівнях медичного забезпечення саме за запропонованою методикою. Швидка об’єктивна оцінка тяжкості бойової хірургічної травми в поранених із вогнепальними дефектами мʼяких тканин була невід’ємною складовою вибору диференційованої тактики надання хірургічної допомоги пораненим із мультимодальним підходом до реконструкції вогнепальних дефектів мʼяких тканин інфузійно-трансфузійної терапії і визначення можливості виконання медичної евакуації. Таким чином, шкалу AdTS та ПІ слід вважати комплексними діагностичними критеріями тяжкості бойової хірургічної травми в поранених із вогнепальними дефектами мʼяких тканин, які дають змогу оцінити стан периферичного кровотоку і своєчасно оптимізувати методи інтенсивної терапії та обрати відповідну хірургічну тактику лікування.
Цифрова комп’ютерна планіметрія ранових дефектів різного генезу
Authors: Фармага Т. І. , Лукавецький О. В. , Чемерис О. М.
Published: January 2023

Мета роботи: розпрацювати власну компʼютерну методику для оцінки планіметричних характеристик рани та їх апробувати.

Матеріали і методи. Розроблено та апробовано компʼютерну методику для оцінки планіметричних характеристик рани. Визначено площу, периметр, радіус, довжину й ширину глибокого і поверхневого опіку у 16 пацієнтів, післятравматичних ран – у 5 пацієнтів, кусаних ран – у 2 пацієнтів.

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Розроблена комп’ютерна методика дала змогу швидко та достовірно оцінити планіметричні характеристики рани, проводити моніторинг процесу її загоєння та зберігати отриману інформацію. З метою апробації методики було обстежено пацієнтів, які лікувалися у Міському центрі термічної травми та пластичної хірургії і хірургічному відділенні, ВП “Лікарня Святого Луки”, КНП “1ТМО м. Львова” впродовж 2019–2022 років. Точність методу цифрової вульнерометрії підтверджено шляхом порівняння з результатами планіметрії за допомогою контактних методів та методики оцінки площі рани за R. W. Sessions.
The choice of treatment method for recurrent inguinal hernias after laparoscopic hernioplasty
Authors: Bugridze Z. D. , Parfentiev R. S. , Grubnik V. V. , Grubnyk Vik. V.
Published: January 2023

The aim of the work: to determine the optimal method of reoperation for recurrent inguinal hernias after laparoscopic hernioplasty.

Materials and Methods. The research was conducted on the basis of the Regional Clinical Hospital (Odesa). During the period from 2012 to 2021, 36 patients with relapses after previous laparoscopic interventions for inguinal hernias were operated on in our clinic. Among these patients, there were 29 men and 7 women. Bilateral inguinal hernias were observed in 9 patients. Relapse occurred on one side in 6 patients, bilateral recurrence was in 3 patients.  The results were evaluated according to the following criteria: the severity of postoperative pain, the number of postoperative complications, the length of stay in the hospital, recovery time after surgery and the patient's return to work.

Results and Discussion. The duration of repeated laparoscopic interventions was (82±10) min and significantly exceeded the duration of open operations (p<0.05). The severity of pain in 12 patients after repeated operations that could be performed laparoscopically was significantly lower than in open interventions (VAS 4.8 vs 8.7, p < 0.05). Severe seromas in the area of the installed mesh were observed in 5 patients operated on by the laparoscopic method and in 4 patients operated on using the Liechtenstein method. Suppuration of the postoperative wound was observed in 3 patients, two of them underwent conversion. Patients started work after laparoscopic operations in 14–18 days, after open operations in 19–27 days (p>0.05).

The choice of the method of repeated interventions for recurrent inguinal hernias depends on many factors. The main method of repeated interventions should be considered an open operation according to the Lichtenstein method. Under certain conditions, a second laparoscopic hernioplasty can be performed.
Курйозна причина виникнення гострої непрохідності травного каналу
Authors: Бенедикт В. В. , Продан А. М. , Пижевський О. А. , Ватаманюк С. Я.
Published: January 2023

У статті описано рідкісний випадок непрохідності товстої кишки, спричиненої стороннім тілом, яке видалили лапаротомічним доступом. Випадок характеризується нетиповою клінічною симптоматикою.
Рідкісний випадок синдрому Грізеля в дитини
Authors: Процайло М. Д. , Дживак В. Г. , Крицький І. О. , Гощинський П. В.
Published: January 2023

У статті описано рідкісний випадок синдрому Грізеля, діагностований за допомогою сучасних методів діагностики, атиповий перебіг захворювання гострої респіраторної інфекції та їхнє успішне лікування, що запобігло подальшим ускладненням.