bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PENGELASAN GTAW PADA LOGAM BIMETAL PLAT BAJA KARBON RENDAH DAN STAINLESS STEEL TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK SAMBUNGAN LAS
Authors: Agustriyana Lisa , Sarjiyana Sarjiyana , Suyanta Suyanta
Published: March 2021

Stainless steel material (stainless steel) is used in the home industry and the military industry, and also in the nuclear industry. Steel material is divided into five types, namely austenite, ferrite, martensite, duplex and precipitation hardening. Ferritic stainless steel is an attractive alternative in vehicle production because of its corrosion resistance. Different metals have different characteristics from one another, so the welding process of dissimilar metals requires certain techniques.
The purpose of this study is to determine the tensile strength of welds in bimetallic welding between low carbon steel plates and stainless-steel plates and to know the hardness of welds in bimetal welding between low carbon steel plates and stainless-steel plates using GTAW welding.
The research method used: this research is part of the testing of technical materials conducted by the destructive test method with the category of science and technology development in the field of Mechanical Engineering.
There is a trend of increasing tensile strength, yield strength and hardness of bimetallic welding of low carbon steel plates and stainless-steel plates using GTAW welding, that the greater the welding amperes will increase tensile strength, yield strength and hardness. The highest tensile strength was 41.18 Kg / mm2 and the highest yield strength was 41.16 Kgf / mm2 at 60 amperes and the highest hardness was 571.01 BHN at 55 amperes with the corresponding amperage range from the usage table 45 - 65 amperes. In the HAZ area when compared to the parent material, the HAZ area hardness is higher than the parent material and lower than the weld filler.
EVALUASI DAN PERENCANAAN SALURAN DRAINASE DI JALAN SANGGA BUANA II KOTA PALANGKA RAYA
Authors: Agustulusnu Agustulusnu , Kamiana I Made , Saputra Raden Harya
Published: March 2021

The siltation occurs nearly along the drainage channel at Sangga Buana II Street Palangka Raya. The catchment area for rainfall is increasingly dense with both residence and shop buildings so that the recharge area is also getting decreased. These factors are assumed able to cause a bigger flood. This study aims to evaluate the flood potential in the channel and design the dimensions of the channel required if the drainage discharge consists of design-discharge with a 2-year return period and domestic-wastewater discharge.
This study is conducted in 2019 by using a survey approach. The flood potential is analyzed based on the comparison between both the drainage capacity and drainage discharge. The channel capacity is analyzed by the Manning method while the drainage discharge is analyzed by the Rational method. The domestic-wastewater discharge is assumed equally to 80% of the total use of clean water.
The result of study showed that the channel capacity is smaller than the drainage discharge, and it occurs almost along the drainage channel of Sangga Buana II Street Palangka Raya. It means that the channel has flood potential so that it needs to be re-designed. The channel is designed with an opened-channel type and squared-shape with 0,65 m width and 0,65 m depth. The discharge direction is divided into two directions. The first direction flows to the drainage channel at Batu Suli Street while the second one flows to the drainage channel at Lawu Street. It is needed to build box culvert in the five locations to ensure that the discharge direction can flow to the drainage channel both at Batu Suli Street and Lawu Street.
PENAMBAHAN LINGKARAN PELINDUNG PADA TURBIN AIR ROTOR SAVONIUS
Authors: Rendi Rendi , Herlina Firda
Published: March 2021

The savonius water turbine has a main component, which is blade, the concave portion has a positive work and the convex blade has a negative work. Concave profiles in advancing blade as flow catchers and convex profiles on the returning blade as reflecting flow so that there is a difference in torque. The greater the torque difference the better the turbine performance. The way to enlarge this torque difference is by enlarging the drag force. This study aims to increase the difference in torque by adding a protective circle behind the blade advancing blade. This research uses Solidwork software to design turbines and Ansys CFX 19.2 software to analyze torque. Based on the analysis results, the addition of a protective circle can increase the difference in torque. The largest torque value is owned by the turbine with the addition of a protective circle 10 mm from the blade of 46,524 Nm, the largest power value is owned by the turbine with the addition of a protective circle 10 mm by 182 Watts and the greatest efficiency value is owned by the turbine with the addition of a protective circle 10 mm 50% turbine. The addition of a protective circle 10 mm away from the blade is the most optimal turbine geometry for use in water flow power plants, especially in slow-flow rivers.
ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN UDARA PEMBAKARAN UNTUK MENGOPTIMALKAN PROSES PEMBAKARAN BOILER PT. PLN (PERSERO) SEKTOR PEMBANGKITAN ASAM ASAM UNIT 3 & UNIT 4
Authors: Syarief Akhmad , Setiambodo Yudistira Bayu , Ramadhan Muhammad Nizar , Sabitah A'yan
Published: March 2021

The performance of a power plant unit is strongly influenced by various aspects, one of which is very determined by how the combustion process occurs in the combustion chamber, because it can affect the efficiency of the power plant itself, especially in the efficiency aspects of the boiler combustion process. To find out the efficient operation of the boiler, the operator as the holder of the power plant must understand what the combustion process is like in it. Good combustion will always require the right combination of fuel and air (oxygen). From the results of the research that has been done, it can be seen that if the actual amount of air flow needed for the combustion process is closer to the ideal air flow value it will indirectly increase the combustion efficiency value of the boiler.
PERKEMBANGAN PONDASI TIANG KAYU PADA RUMAH TINGGAL DI BANJARMASIN
Authors: Nurfansyah Nurfansyah , Saud Muhammad Ibnu , Wastuti Prima Widya , Aini Ahmad Qurrata , Agusniansyah Nursyarif
Published: March 2021

Banjarese houses are developed especially in the wooden foundation’s construction. In case, this construction had many problems as an unstable foundation that caused building slope, building renovation, vertical development, etc. Pole stick hardwood timbers are needed to strengthen to support the building’s load. Based on this condition, it is necessary to conduct research related to find a model that explained how wooden foundations are modified. This paper's method was to collect field observation data by a photograph. Samples of observation were chosen that show the modification and variation progress of pole stick hardwood and woodpile foundation. Applied modification models were founded, that it were combined the wooden foundations with concrete foundations. It is useful to strengthen the building’s load support. This model was suited to the wetland area.
STUDI PEMANFAATAN ABU TERBANG LIMBAH HASIL PEMBAKARAN CAMPURAN CANGKANG DAN SERABUT KELAPA SAWIT SEBAGAI SUBSTITUSI SEMEN PADA PEMBUATAN BETON NORMAL DI LAHAN BASAH
Authors: Rahman Fauzi , Hidayat Gawit , Bertiani Novita
Published: March 2021

According to the Badan Pusat Statistik data in 2018, the total area of oil palm plantations in Indonesia currently reaches around 12.3 million hectares. Solid waste is the most waste, which is around 35-40% of the total Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) which is processed in the form of empty fruit bunches, fiber, fruit shells, and burnt ash. PT. Hasnur Citra Terpadu in Rantau, Tapin Regency, South Kalimantan is one of the Palm Oil Mill which in the combustion process of a boiler engine using oil palm shells and fibers is burned simultaneously. The result of the combustion process produces waste in the form of boiler crust ash which is fine textured (fly ash) and coarse textured (bottom ash). This study uses fly ash as a cement substitution for concrete mixtures.
The making of mortar specimens was varied with fly ash with a percentage of 0%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% which will be tested for compressive strength at the age of 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days. Then the making of concrete specimens is planned with a quality of 25 MPa and the concrete compressive strength is tested at the age of 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, 28 days and 56 days and the split tensile strength test of the concrete at 28 days.
Based on the results of the mortar compressive strength analysis, the optimum mixture of fly ash is 10% which is used for making concrete. The average compressive strength of normal concrete at 28 days is 26.33 MPa and the compressive strength of concrete with 10% fly ash (optimum concrete) is 26.14 MPa exceeding the design compressive strength of 25 MPa. Based on the results of the split tensile strength test of concrete at the age of 28 days, it was obtained 3,914 MPa for normal concrete and 3,466 MPa for optimum concrete.
ANALISIS RADIUS PEMUTUS BERAM (CHIP BREAKER) TERHADAP KEKASARAN PERMUKAAN PADA PROSES BUBUT
Authors: Hardjito Agus
Published: March 2021

In the cutting process on the tirning machine the shape of chips generatedvaries among long chip (continuous chip) and a dashed chip, chip shape isinfluenced by the geometry of the tool including chip breaker radius appliedcutting tool, and the radius of the breaker chip thought to have an influence onworkpiece surface roughness and tools durabulity. The influence of the radius ofthis chip breaker needs to be analyzed for how it effect the value of the surfaceroughness. The goal of my research is to find the optimal surface roughness isgenerated by certain radius enabling have to be used for guidance for thetoolmaker in turning machine in metal manufakturing. The conclusion from thisstudy is the difference in roughness significant value to the amount of burr givenradius breaker.
ANALISA PENGERING IKAN AIR TAWAR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM HYBRID KOLEKTOR SURYA TIPE RAK DENGAN SOLAR CELL
Authors: Arifin Jainal , Marsudi Muhammad
Published: March 2021

In South Kalimantan precisely in regency of Hulu Sungai Selatan Amuntai, itis one of the dry fish manufacturing of regency in South Kalimantan. The process ofdrying fish is still doing by traditionally where the fish are drying by utilizing theenergy of the sun directy. The main problem that arise in unfavorable of dryingprocess is a decrease in quality such as a large distribution of water content, thedamage that caused by fungus or biochemical change that unwanted. If thedistribution of heat and air is uneven or uniform, the drying rate of the material willalso be uneven.The method of research was conducted by several stage, first prepare the testequipment, namely fish dryer that has been designed in such a way based on theresult of calculation and then put in the test location and the collector is directed tothe sun and for testing sample by using freshwater fish, sepat fish and haruan fishobtained from the result of local resident, as a measure of temperature in the dryingchamber is using a thermometer to know the temperature in the fish dryer.Based on the data of analysis and discussion, can be taken the conclusionabout fish dryer that is the distribution of the drying rate in the each rack havevariation according to the temperature of the each rack. The result of drying the sepatfish for 7 hours by using solar power dryer were able to reduce the weight of sepatfish from 500 g to 200 g and the wet weight of haruan fish from 500 g to 200 g. Thetotal efficiency of solar power dryer is 79.768%
DESAIN MODEL MINIATUR MESIN CETAK PLASTIK INJEKSI SEBAGAI ALAT BANTU AJAR MATA KULIAH PLASTIK MOULDING DENGAN PENDEKATAN METODE KANO DAN QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT (QFD)
Authors: Puspitasari Etik
Published: March 2021

Injection molding is the process of printing plastic products that are commonlyused for thermoplastic plastic materials. The working principle of this process isthat the plastic material is heated in a container called a barrel until it reaches itsmelting temperature. Then the material is injected into the print cavity to the brim.Once full, the plastic goods are cooled and ready to be released from the mold.The background of the researchers taking this study was because researchers wereeager to make miniature injection molding machines to be used as teachingmaterials in theory classes so that the lecturers could explain directly thecomponents and workings of injection molding machines in real terms not justimages or videos. The design of miniature models of plastic injection moldingmachines as teaching aids for molding plastic courses uses the canoe methodapproach and Quality Function Deployment (QFD). From the results of theKANO method approach obtained from 11 statement attributes of all attributesincluded in the Must Be category. None of the attributes entered the Indefferentcategory. Then the results of the KANO model correlation with Quality FuntionDeployment (QFD) are known as the priority sequence of attributes in the targetspecifications that will be used for product design. highest priority at House ofQuality (HOQ). And the final stage of the target specifications obtained can bemade of miniature injection molding machines which are used as teaching aids forplastic molding courses.
KEMAMPUAN MEMAHAMI TEKS EKSPLANASI PESERTA DIDIK KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 24 BANJARMASIN
Authors: Ramlah  , Jumadi  , Hermawan Sainul
Published: March 2021

Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia ialah salah satu pelajaran yang wajib dilaksanakan di sekolah terutama di Indonesia. Pada kurikulum 2013 yang mengharuskan pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia berbasis teks. Diantaranya ialah teks eksplanasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan memahami teks eksplanasi peserta didik kelas VIII SMP NEGERI 24 Banjarmasin. Adapun aspek yang akan diteliti meliputi (1) aspek kebahasaan teks eksplanasi, dan (2) memahami isi teks eksplanasi. Metode yang digunakan ialah metode deksriptif kuantitatif. Kemudian, hasil dari penelitian ini  menunjukkan bahwa: 1) nilai  yang diperoleh peserta didik dalam tes kemampuan memahami aspek kebahasaan teks eksplanasi adalah 77,69 dengan rincian 3,8% tidak mampu, 3,8% kurang mampu, 19,2% cukup mampu, 15,4% mampu, dan 57,8% sangat mampu memahami aspek kebahasaan teks eksplanasi, 2) nilai yang diperoleh peserta didik untuk tes kemampuan memahami isi teks eksplanasi  adalah 71,61 dengan rincian 3,8% tidak mampu, 7.7% kurang mampu, 23,1% cukup mampu, 34,6% mampu, dan 30.8% sangat mampu.
MAKIAN PADA KOLOM KOMENTAR BERITA DI INSTAGRAM
Authors: Almani Fahmi , Fatah Yasin Moh. , Taqwiem Ahsani
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk dari makian yang terdapat dalam kolom komentar berita di Instagram dan menjelaskan fungsi serta makna dari kata makian yang terdapat dalam kolom komentar berita di Instagram . Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh komentar-komentar yang memakai kata makian pada kolom komentar berita di Instagram. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan pendekatan kualitatif. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah komentar yang dituliskan pengguna Instagram kepada pengunggah berita di Instagram. Hasil dari penelitian ini yang pertama menemukan tiga bentuk makian. Yaitu, berbentuk kata, frasa dan klausa. Yang kedua fungsi dan makna dari kata makian yang dilihat dari konteks. Kedua hasil penelitian ini didapat dari 20 data komentar yang diambil secara acak di Instagram.
KEMAMPUAN MEMAHAMI ISI CERPEN “PERSAHABATAN” KARYA YUKSINAU SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 26 BANJARMASIN
Authors: Indah Sari Yulita , Fatah Yasin Moh. , Taqwiem Ahsani
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan kemampuan memahami isi cerpen ‘Persahabatan’ karya Yuksinau yang dibaca peserta didik kelas VIII SMP Negeri 26 Banjarmasin. Penelitian ini menggunakan  pendekatan kuantitatif dengan analisis deskriptif. Pengambilan sampel 50% dari populasi, yakni sebanyak 92 orang menggunakan teknik menceritakan kembali cerpen yang dibaca berdasarkan tes lisan unsur-unsur pembangun cerpen. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan kemampuan memahami isi cerpen ‘Persahabatan’ karya Yuksinau yang dibaca siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 26 Banjarmasin termasuk dalam kategori mampu. Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh skor rata-rata hasil tes lisan kemampuan peserta didik yang memiliki kemampuan maksimal mencapai ≥77,0 dengan presentase 9,8% peserta didik yang “kurang mampu” dalam memahami isi cerpen dengan frekuensi tujuh orang, 30,4% peserta didik yang “cukup mampu” dalam memahami isi cerpen dengan frekuensi dua puluh delapan orang, 42,2% peserta didik yang “mampu” dalam memahami isi cerpen dengan frekuensi tiga puluh sembilan orang, dan 17,4% peserta didik yang “sangat mampu” dalam memahami isi cerpen dengan frekuensi enam belas orang, dan 0,2% peserta didik yang “belum mampu” dalam memahami isi cerpen dengan frekuensi dua orang.
PEMAHAMAN KOSAKATA BAHASA INDONESIA DALAM TEKS DESKRIPSI PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS IX-D MTSN 2 BANJARMASIN
Authors: Aulia Rahman Muhammad , Effendi Rustam , Alfianti Dewi
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur pemahaman peserta didik terhadap kosakata bahasa Indonesia pada teks deskripsi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan metode deskriptif. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah hasil jawaban peserta didik pada soal yang diberikan, soal terdiri dari pilihan ganda, mengisi teks rumpang dan asosiasi kata. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas IX-D MTs Negeri 2 Banjarmasin. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui tes berupa tes pilihan ganda, mengisi teks rumpang, dan membuat asosiasi kata. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik perhitungan SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman kosakata bahasa Indonesia dalam teks deskripsi pada peserta didik kelas IX-D berada pada kategori baik dengan rata-rata nilai 70.
KEEFEKTIFAN KALIMAT DALAM KARANGAN EKSPOSISI PESERTA DIDIK KELAS VIII-B SMP NEGERI 24 BANJARMASIN
Authors: Charniago Aas , Cahaya Noor , Faradina
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini, yaitu mendeskripsikan keefektifan kalimat dalam karangan eksposisi peserta didik kelas VIII SMP Negeri 24 Banjarmasin. Metode penelitian yang digunakan, yaitu metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data penelitian, yaitu kalimat dalam karangan eksposisi. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan tabel analisis ciri kalimat efektif dengan bantuan peneliti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan kalimat efektif dan kalimat tidak efektif berdasarkan (1) kesepadanan struktur; (2) keparalelan bentuk; (3) ketegasan makna, yaitu peletakan frasa dan partikel; (4) kehematan kata, yaitu pengulangan subjek dihilangkan, menghindari kesinoniman, dan tidak menjamakkan frasa berbentuk jamak; (5) kecermatan dan kesantunan, yaitu pemilihan kata yang tepat dan tidak tepat; (6) kepaduan makna, yaitu keutuhan bentuk kata; dan (7) kelogisan makna, yaitu tidak ambigu.
KETERAMPILAN MENULIS CERITA FANTASI BERDASARKAN KOMIK “DORAEMON” PESERTA DIDIK KELAS VII-I MTSN 2 KOTA BANJARMASIN
Authors: Khairunnisa Rizka , Cahaya Noor , Taqwiem Ahsani
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keterampilan menulis cerita fantasi berdasarkan komik “Doraemon” peserta didik kelas VII-I MTsN 2 Kota Banjarmasin berdasarkan unsur pembangun dan ciri kebahasaan cerita fantasi. Unsur pembangun cerita fantasi tersebut yaitu tema, tokoh, latar, alur, sudut pandang, dan amanat. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Berdasarkan seluruh aspek yang telah diteliti, seluruh peserta didik tergolong terampil pada aspek tokoh, alur, dan sudut pandang. Peserta didik kelas VII-I MTsN 2 Kota Banjarmasin yang tergolong terampil berjumlah 10,71%. Peserta didik yang tergolong mampu berjumlah 64,29%. Peserta didik yang tergolong cukup terampil berjumlah 21,43%. Peserta didik yang tergolong kurang terampil berjumlah 3,57%.
KETERAMPILAN MENULIS TEKS NARASI EKSPOSITORIS PESERTA DIDIK KELAS VII-F SMP NEGERI 31 BANJARMASIN
Authors: Syirmadinah  , Noortyani Rusma , Luthfiyanti Lita
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan keterampilan menulis teks narasi ekspositoris peserta didik kelas VII-F SMP Negeri 31 Banjarmasin. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif. Hasil tes menulis yang telah didapatkan yaitu peserta didik kelas VII-F SMP Negeri 31 Banjarmasin tidak memuat 17 kriteria yang telah ditentukan. Kriteria yang banyak dimuat peserta didik, seperti alur, tokoh, latar tempat, sudut pandang, orientasi, kata ganti orang, dan kata latar tempat. Kriteria yang tidak banyak dimuat peserta didik, seperti watak, latar waktu, latar suasana, komplikasi, resolusi, kata latar suasana, kata latar waktu, kata sambung urutan waktu, ungkapan terkejut, dan penggunaan dialog. Peserta didik kelas VII-F SMP Negeri 31 Banjarmasin dominan mendapatkan nilai 75 atau kategori baik.
IMPLIKATUR PERCAKAPAN DALAM NOVEL SIRKUS POHON KARYA ANDREA HIRATA DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA DI SMA
Authors: Gita Amalia  , Maria L.A.S.  , Lita Luthfiyanti
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini menguraikan implikatur percakapan pada novel Sirkus Pohon dan akan diimplementasikan pada pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia di SMA. Metode yang dipakai yaitu metode penelitian deskriptif dengan jenis penelitian kualitatif. Setelah melihat hasil analisis data pada novel Sirkus Pohon karya Andrea Hirata, terdapat 20 buah implikatur percakapan dengan 12 tujuan dari berimplikatur, yaitu: 1) memberikan sindiran; 2) memberikan persetujuan; 3) memberikan penegasan; 4) menyatakan permintaan; 5) memenuhi permintaan; 6) memberikan persyaratan; 7) memberikan penghormatan; 8) melakukan penolakan; 9) menyatakan rasa tidak percaya; 10) memberikan perintah; 11) memberikan peringatan; 12) membela diri. Pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia untuk tingkat SMA yang berhubungan dengan implikatur bisa diaplkasikan dalam memahami materi pembelajaran berupa sebuah teks. Aplikasinya ketika peserta didik mendapatkan sebuah teks, berupa teks anekdot, teks cerita (novel) sejarah, maupun sebuah buku fiksi, peserta didik mampu memahami teks tersebut secara tepat. Peserta didik dapat memahami makna yang ambigu, dan mendapatkan pesan yang tersirat  dalam materi tersebut. Dengan demikian materi pembelajaran dapat dipahami dan tujuan pembelajaran tercapai.
KEMAMPUAN MENCERITAKAN KEMBALI ISI FABEL PESERTA DIDIK KELAS VII-B SMP NEGERI 3 BANJARMASIN
Authors: Retno Sari Maulida  , Maria Lusia Anita Sumaryati  , Noor Cahaya
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan kemampuan menceritakan kembali isi fabel peserta didik kelas VII-B SMP Negeri 3 Banjarmasin. Metode deskriptif kuantitatif digunakan pada penelitian ini dan statistik deskriptif untuk analisis datanya. Selain itu, Fabel “Semut dan Belalang” dan tes unjuk kerja menceritakan kembali menjadi instrumen yang digunakan. Datanya berupa hasil tes kemampuan menceritakan kembali isi fabel dalam bentuk tulisan. Berdasarkan aspek-aspek yang diteliti, peserta didik kelas VII-B berada pada kategori mampu. Mampu tersebut dinyatakan dari rata-rata perolehan nilai akhirnya yaitu 82.8 dengan predikat C (Cukup). Dengan demikian, sebanyak 93.75% peserta didik (30 orang) termasuk mampu, sedangkan 6.25% peserta didik (2 orang) termasuk tidak mampu.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND TIME ON DRYING OF RAW MATERIALS IN THE CASSAVA AND SWEET POTATO FLOUR PRODUCTION ON THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Mardina Primata , Sari Laila Amalia , Noerhayati Erna
Published: March 2021

This study aims to obtain the optimum temperature and time of raw materials drying in the manufacture of cassava and sweet potatoes flour, and studying the physical and chemical properties of cassava and sweet potatoes flour through a series of tests. Cassava and sweet potatoes as raw material are cut 1 mm thick and then dried with a temperature of 70, 85, 100oC, each drying time of 3 and 4 hours. Both materials are made into flour, then physical and chemical quality analysis is tested. The results showed that the optimum drying temperature and time of raw materials in making cassava and sweet potatoes flour were 70oC for 3 hours. The physical and chemical properties of the resulting flour are quite good overall and qualified samples are 70oC flour with 3 and 4 hours, and sweet potato with 3 hours and 85oC.
ADSORPTION OF Zn AND Pb METAL IN PRINTING WASTE OF PT. GRAFIKA WANGI KALIMANTAN USING CORN COBS CHARCOAL AS ADSORBENT
Authors: Syauqiah Isna , Kusuma Fajar Insan , Mardiana Mardiana
Published: March 2021

Heavy metals produced from several industrial processes cause many environmental problems. Efforts made to overcome this heavy metal pollution include adsorption methods. Agricultural by-products have the potential as an adsorbent, one of which is corn cobs. In this study, corncobs were used as Pb and Zn adsorbents. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of particle size and stirring speed in the process of Zn and Pb metal absorption using activated charcoal. Adsorption was done by mixing 100 mL waste of PT. Grafika Wangi Kalimantan with 10 grams of activated charcoal measuring 355 micron, 500 micron and 710 micron. Each mixture is stirred for 15 minutes at speeds of 30, 60, 90, and 120 rpm and then allowed to stand for 3 hours. Analysis of the absorbed Zn and Pb metal content was carried out using a spectrophotometer at adjusted wavelengths. The greater the stirring speed, and the small size of the active charcoal particle used, decrease of Zn and Pb levels is increasing due to the better absorption of adsorbate by the adsorbent. The biggest decrease in Zn and Pb levels was seen at a stirring speed of 90 rpm and the active charcoal particle size of 355 microns where the Zn and Pb parameters contained in the sample were <0.01 mg / L.
THE DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF A CENTRALIZED DOMESTIC WASTEWATER SEWERAGE SYSTEM NETWORK IN THE SOUTH AREA OF SURAKARTA
Authors: Firdaus Aprillia Bunga , Pribadi Arqowi , Nengse Sulistiya , Utama Teguh Taruna , Nilandita Widya
Published: March 2021

Surakarta merupakan kota pertama dan menjadi kota percontohan di Indonesia untuk penerapan sistem sanitasi terpusat (off-site system). Kepadatan penduduk Kota Surakarta saat ini relatif tinggi dengan laju pertumbuhan penduduk per-tahun mulai 2010-2018 adalah 0,435% serta kepadatan penduduk mencapai 11.718,78 jiwa/km2. Dari hasil evaluasi yang telah dilakukan, diketahui bahwa cakupan pelayanan sanitasi terpusat Kota Surakarta untuk jalur selatan masih mencapai angka 21,99% sehingga perlu dilakukan optimalisasi dan atau pengembangan jaringan perpipaan sanitasi terpusat (off-site system). Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut, perencanaan pengembangan jaringan sistem penyaluran air limbah domestik terpusat Kota Surakarta jalur selatan akan direncanakan pemasangan pipa lateral dan sambungan rumah (SR). Perencanaan pengembangan jaringan sistem penyaluran air limbah domestik terpusat (SPALD-T) jalur selatan Kota Surakarta menggunakan sistem gravitasi. Topografi wilayah jalur selatan Kota Surakarta relatif datar dengan elevasi berkisar antara 90 – 110 meter dan menyesuaikan dengan jaringan pipa sekunder maupun primer eksisting. Total sambungan rumah (SR) baru adalah sebanyak 175 SR yang terbagi atas 5 kelurahan. Dimensi pipa yang digunakan adalah sebesar 100 mm untuk pipa SR dan 150 mm untuk pipa lateral serta memiliki kecepatan swa bersih perhitungan <0,6 m/dt dan kedalaman galian <3meter. Total rencana anggaran biaya pada perencanaan ini adalah sebesar ± Rp 2.387.100.000,00.
EDIBLE FILM FUNCTIONAL OF BANANA PEEL AND CHICKEN EGG FLOUR WITH CINNAMON LEAF (Cinnamomum burmanii) EXTRACT
Authors: Asiyah Nor , Ayuningtyas Agata Febby , Halisyah Fitri , Nata Iryanti Fatyasari
Published: March 2021

The biggest obstacle to the food industry is the limited shelf life of products. One approach to reduce this problem is by using edible film. Edible film is a thin layer that can be consumed and as a protective food material against the environment such as water vapor, oxygen, and air humidity. This study aims to evaluate the edible film made in terms of the mass composition of chicken egg shell flour and banana peel flour, determine the optimum composition of the addition of cinnamon leaf extract (Cinnamomum burmanii) as a source of antioxidants, test the physical and chemical properties and the ability to apply the resulting edible film. Edible film was made from a mixture of chicken eggshell flour (5%, 10%, 15% w/w) and banana peel pectin (6 g) in distilled water (93.5 mL), then added with cinnamon leaf extract with various compositions (0.025). %, 0.050%, 0.075%, 0.10% v/v) then added glycerol (1.5 g). The mixture was heated to a temperature of ± 96 0C, 1000 rpm for 40 minutes. The best composition of the edible film produced with 10% chicken eggshell flour containing 0.10% cinnamon leaf extract. The benefits of this functional edible film can help to extend the shelf life of food and be environmentally friendly.
DISOLVED OXYGEN PERFORMANCE IN DEGRADATION OF TOTAL PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS BY EX SITE ACTIVATED SLUDGE
Authors: Tuhuloula Abubakar
Published: March 2021

Contamination of soil by the activities of exploration, production and disposal of oil waste into the environment causes serious damage to the environmental ecosystem, the target of processing by the activated sludge as a model for remediation of petroleum contaminated site. Optimization of oxygen supply becomes special attention in aerobic bioprocess for optimizing the growth of microorganisms to degrade total petroleum hydrocarbons. Thus, the study was focused on determining the performance of dissolved oxygen in degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons by ex situ activated sludge. The research used biological methods (bioremediation), with the ratio of contaminated soil to water was 20:80%(w/v) and a soil size 40/50 mesh.  The degradation process was carried out with 15% and 20% (v/v) activated sludge put into the bioreactor slurry with a capacity of 4 liters and stirring was 90 rpm at a temperature of 30oC as well as aeration and nutrient injection into the bioreactor. TPH analysis was measured by the gravimetric method. The results obtained showed that the performance of dissolved oxygen increased well in the bioreactor slurry at 15% (v/v) and 20% (v/v) activated sludge concentrations was 3.31–8.57 mg/L and 3.5–8.21 mg/L respectively, which had an impact on the level of TPH degradation, namely from 18,000 µg/g to 2870 µg/g and 18,000 µg/g to 1970 µg/g during the 49 days remediation period. In general, activated sludge shows good performance throughout the remediation period.
PREPARATION OF AN ORGANOSILICA-BASED MEMBRANE FROM TEOS-MTES AND ITS APPLICATION FOR DESALINATION OF WETLAND SALINE WATER
Authors: Septyaningrum Lilis , Rahmawati Rahmawati , Mustalifah Fitri Ria , Rahma Aulia , Sari Dewi Puspita , Elma Muthia
Published: March 2021

When hot season, South Kalimantan society which especially, in Muara Halyung village frequently go through clean water lacking. It becomes worst by water dirtied on wetland aquifer aftermath the seawater intrusion. Wetland water sources become saline and cannot be used for household needs. Organosilica membrane technology is one of methods can be used to remove salt contain in water. This study aims are to investigate the functionalization and organosilica membrane performance from TEOS-MTES which calcined on particularly temperature for wetland saline water desalination. Synthesis of organosilica sol was conducted by sol-gel method. Then the dried sol was calcined at 350°C and 600 °C, and characterized by FTIR (Fourier Transform InfraRed). Subsequently organosilica membrane was applicated for wetland saline water desalination via pervaporation. The result shows organosilica membrane performance was obtained the water flux 10,55 and 0,87 kg.m-2h-1 which calcined at 350 and 600 °C. The salt rejection in all membrane exhibits extremely high over 99%. It evinces the organosilica membrane from TEOS-MTES which calcined at 350 °C is great to applicated for wetland saline water desalination by both of water fluxes and salt rejection showed high.
scikit-activeml: A Library and Toolbox for Active Learning Algorithms
Authors: Kottke Daniel , Herde Marek , Pham Minh Tuan , Benz Alexander , Mergard Pascal , Roghman Atal , Sandrock Christoph , Sick Bernhard
Published: March 2021

Machine learning applications often need large amounts of training data to perform well. Whereas unlabeled data can be easily gathered, the labeling process is difficult, time-consuming, or expensive in most applications. Active learning can help solve this problem by querying labels for those data points that will improve the performance the most. Thereby, the goal is that the learning algorithm performs sufficiently well with fewer labels. We provide a library called scikit-activeml that covers the most relevant query strategies and implements tools to work with partially labeled data. It is programmed in Python and builds on top of scikit-learn.
Integrative Systems Biology Approaches to Identify Potential Biomarkers and Pathways of Cervical Cancer
Authors: Oany Arafat Rahman , Mia Mamun , Pervin Tahmina , Alyami Salem A. , Moni Mohammad Ali
Published: March 2021

Nowadays, cervical cancer (CC) is treated as the leading cancer among women throughout the world. Despite effective vaccination and improved surgery and treatment, CC remains its fatality rate about half of the infected populations globally. The major screening biomarkers and therapeutic target identification have now become a global concern. The present study, we have employed systems biology approaches to retrieve the potential biomarkers and pathways from the transcriptomic profiling. Initially, we have identified 76 of each up-regulated and down-regulated gene from a total of 4,643 differentially expressed genes. The up-regulatory genes are mainly concentrating on immune-inflammatory response and the down-regulatory genes are on receptor binding and gamma-glutamyltransferase. The involved pathways associated with these genes were also assessed through pathway enrichment and they were mainly focused on different cancer pathways, immunoresponse, and cell cycle pathways. After the subsequent enrichment of these genes, we have identified 12 hub genes, which play a crucial role in CC. Furthermore, the survival of the hub genes was also assessed, and among them, finally, CXCR4 has identified as one of the most potential differentially expressed gene that might play a vital role to the survival of CC patients. Thus CXCR4 could be used as a prognostic biomarker and development of a drug target for CC.
Real Time Aircraft Atypical Approach Detection for Air Traffic Control
Authors: Jarry Gabriel , Delahaye Daniel , Puechmorel Stephane , Feron Eric
Published: March 2021

In this paper, a complete tool for real-time detection of atypical energy behaviors of airplanes is presented. The methodology extends in real time an existing offline process using Dubins trajectories as a predictor of the remaining distance to the runway threshold. Two major contributions are presented in this paper. First, a real-time measure of the aircraft energy behaviour is defined, indicating whether the aircraft is in good condition to intercept the extended runway centreline from its current position. Secondly, a 2D trajectory suggestion is given, allowing safe management of the approach path according to atypical criteria of historical data. Finally, this document proposes a comprehensive tool for air traffic controllers, which is a major step forward in understanding, becoming aware of and resolving critical situations that could lead to accidents.
Lilium Philadelphicum Flower as a Novel Source of Antimicrobial Agents: A Study of Bioactivity, Phytochemical Analysis and Partial Identification of Antimicrobial Metabolites
Authors: Singh Shefali , Singh Vineeta , Alhazami Alaa , Mishra B.N. , Haque Shafiul , Egamberdieva Dilfuza , Sayyed R. Z.
Published: March 2021

The members of the Liliaceae family have been regarded as an excellent source of biologically active compounds. However, the work on antimicrobial potential and characterization of the bioactive fractions of Lilium philadelphicum flower is limited and needs to be explored. The present study reports the antimicrobial potential, anti-inflammatory and anticancer potential of the bioactive fraction extracted from the flower of L. philadelphicum (Red Lily) and characterization of these bioactive compounds. The antimicrobial activity was tested against nine different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of methanolic extract of L. philadelphicum flower against Acinetobacter bouvetii, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Bacillus subtilis MTCC 121, Candida albicans MTCC 183, Klebsiella pneumoniae MTCC 3384, and Salmonella typhi MTCC 537 were 25, 50, 12.5, 50, 100 and 50 μg mL-1, respectively. The phytochemical analysis of the extract reveals the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, glycosides, coumarins, and quinones. The cytotoxicity of the partially purified compound against the HepG2 cell line in MTT assay demonstrates up to 90% cell viability with a bioactive compound concentration of 50 μg/ml. However, with the increase in bioactive compound concentration up to 1000 μg/ml results into nearly 80% cell viability, just a minor decline in cell viability suggests the importance of bioactive compounds for suitable therapeutic applications. Spectroscopic studies of the bioactive compound by UV-Visible spectroscopy, FT-Infra Red spectroscopy, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) as well as its phytochemical analysis suggests the presence of terpenoids moiety, responsible for the antimicrobial property of L. philadelphicum flower.
Using Blockchain-Enabled Solutions as SDG Accelerators in the International Development Space
Authors: Aysan Ahmet Faruk , Bergigui Fouad , Disli Mustafa
Published: March 2021

As the world is striving to recover from the shockwaves triggered by the Covid-19 crisis, all hands are needed on deck to transition towards a green recovery and make peace with nature as prerequisites of a global sustainable development pathway. In this paper, we examine the blockchain hype and the gaps in data and tools to build promising use cases for blockchain technology to accelerate global efforts in the decade of action towards achieving the SDGs. We attempted to break the hype-cycle portraying blockchain’s superiority by navigating a rational blockchain use case development approach. By prototyping an SDG Acceleration Scorecard to use blockchain-enabled solutions as SDG accelerators, we aim to provide useful insights towards developing an integrated approach that is fit-for-purpose to guide organizations and practitioners in their quest to make informed decisions to design and implement blockchain-backed solutions as SDG accelerators. Acknowledging the limitations in prototyping such tools, we believe these are minimally viable products and should be considered as living tools that can further evolve as the blockchain technology is getting mature, its pace of adoption increasing, and its lessons learned, good practices and standards widely shared and internalized by teams and organizations working on innovation for development.
Metabolomic Characterization of Olive Xylem Sap Reveals Differences According to Plant Age and Genotype
Authors: Anguita-Maeso Manuel , Haro Carmen , Montes-Borrego Miguel , De La Fuente Leonardo , Navas-Cortés Juan A. , Landa Blanca B.
Published: March 2021

Vascular pathogens are the causal agents of main diseases threatening the health and growth of olive crops worldwide. The use of endophytic microorganisms represents a challenging and promising strategy for management of vascular diseases in olive. Although current research has been focused on analyzing the structure and diversity of the endophytic microbial communities inhabiting the olive xylem, the characterization of this ecological niche has been overlooked and to date remain unexplored, despite that the characterization of the xylem sap composition is essential to unravel the nutritional requirements of xylem-limited microorganisms. In this study, branches from plantlets and adult olive trees of cultivars ‘Picual’ and ‘Arbequina' were selected to characterize the chemical composition of olive xylem sap extracted using a Scholander pressure chamber. Metabolome and ionome analyses of xylem sap were performed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based and by inductively coupled plasma with optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), respectively. Olive xylem sap metabolites included a higher relative percentage of sugars (54.35%), followed by alcohols (28.85%), amino acids (8.01%), organic acids (7.68%) and osmolytes (1.12%). Within each of these groups, the main metabolites in the olive xylem sap were mannitol, ethanol, glutamine, acetate and trigonelline, whereas K and Cl- were the main element and inorganic anion, respectively. Metabolomic profile varied when comparing olive plant age and genotype. The levels of glucose, fructose, sucrose and mannitol, choline, B and PO43 were significantly higher in adult trees than in plantlets for both olive genotypes, whereas NO3- and Rb content showed the opposite behavior. On the other hand, levels of aspartate, phenylalanine and Na were significantly higher in ‘Picual’ than in ‘Arbequina’ whereas Fe showed the opposite behavior but only for adult trees. Non-supervised hierarchical clustering analysis separated xylem sap composition firstly according to the plant age and then by the olive cultivar. Supervised PLS-DA analysis revealed that B, ethanol, Fe, Fructose, glucose, mannitol, sucrose and Sr were the most significative compounds discriminating adult trees from plantlets, whereas asparagine, aspartate, glutamate and phenylalanine or aspartate, arginine, ethanol and Sr were the most contributory compounds in the discrimination of both olive genotypes for adult trees or plantlets, respectively. Knowledge of the chemical composition of xylem sap will lead to a better understanding of the complex nutritional requirements of olive xylem-inhabiting microorganisms, including its vascular pathogens, and would allow the design of artificial growing media to improve culturing the olive microbiome.
Enhanced Expression of Human Cyclin G1 (CCNG1) in Tumors, a Novel Biomarker in Development for Cancer Therapy/Gene Therapy
Authors: Ravicz Joshua , Szeto Christopher , Reddy Sandeep , Chawla Sant , Morse Michael , Gordon Erlinda
Published: March 2021

Background: Metastatic cancer is associated with an invariably fatal outcome. However, DeltaRex-G, a tumor- targeted retrovector encoding a CCNG1 inhibitor gene, has induced long term (>10 years) survival of patients with chemo-resistant metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma, MPNST, osteosarcoma, B-cell lymphoma, and breast carcinoma. Objective: To evaluate the level of CCNG1 expression in tumors as a potential biomarker for CCNG1 inhibitor therapy. Methods: CCNG1 RNA expression levels were measured in tumors (TCGA, N=9161), adjacent “tissues” (TCGA, N=678) and GTEx normal tissues (N=7187) across 22 organ sites. Differential expression of CCNG1 and Ki-67 in primary (N= 9161) vs metastatic (N= 393) tumors were also compared and particularly in primary (N=103) vs. metastatic (N=367) skin cancer (i.e., melanoma). Results: Enhanced CCNG1 RNA and protein expression were noted in tumors compared to normal analogous counterparts, and CCNG1 expression correlated significantly with that of Ki-67. Further, CCNG1 expression tended to be higher than that of Ki-67 in metastatic vs primary tumors, particularly in skin cancer (melanoma). Conclusions: Taken together, these data indicate that (1) CCNG1 expression is frequently enhanced in tumors when compared to their normal analogous counterparts, (2) CCNG1 and Ki-67 expressions are higher in metastatic vs primary tumors, (3) CCNG1 expression is significantly correlated with that of Ki-67, and (4) CCNG1 may be a stronger marker of metastasis than Ki-67. Phase 2 studies are planned to identify patients who are likely to respond favorably to CCNG1 inhibitor therapy by correlating treatment outcome parameters with CCNG1 expression levels in various cancer types.
Understanding the Heterogeneity of Human Pericyte Subsets in Blood-Brain Barrier Homeostasis and Neurological Diseases
Authors: Bohannon Diana , Long Danielle , Kim Woong-Ki
Published: March 2021

Pericytes are increasingly recognized as being important in the control of blood-brain barrier permeability and vascular flow. Research on this important cell type has been hindered by widespread confusion regarding the phenotypic identity and nomenclature of pericytes and other perivascular cell types. In addition, pericyte heterogeneity and mouse-human species differences have contributed to confusion. Herein we summarize our present knowledge on the identification of pericytes and pericyte subsets in humans, primarily focusing on recent findings in humans and nonhuman primates. Precise identification and definition of pericytes and pericyte subsets in humans may help us to better understand pericyte biology and develop new therapeutic approaches specifically targeting disease-associated pericyte subsets.
Land temperature variability driven by oceans at millennial timescales
Authors: Hébert Raphaël , Herzschuh Ulrike , Laepple Thomas
Published: March 2021

Variations in regional temperature have widespread implications for society, but our understanding of the amplitude and origin of long-term natural variability is insufficient. This is especially the case for terrestrial temperature variability which is currently thought to be weak over long timescales. Here, we provide the first comprehensive estimate of regional temperature variability from annual to millennial timescales based on sedimentary pollen records and instrumental data from the Northern Hemisphere. We show that the short-term random variations are overprinted by strong ocean-driven climate variability on multi-decadal and longer timescales. This may cause substantial climate change at the regional scale in the coming century, contrasting the rather monotonous warming projected by climate models. Due to the marine influence, regions characterized by stable oceanic climate at sub-decadal timescales experience stronger long-term variability while continental regions with higher sub-decadal variability show weaker long-term variability. This fundamental relationship between the timescales provides unique insight into the mechanisms governing slow terrestrial climate variability and sets the basis to project its amplitude.