bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of Computed Tomography Ischemic Lesion Location With Functional Outcome in Acute Large Vessel Occlusion Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Ernst Marielle , Boers Anna M.M. , Aigner Annette , Berkhemer Olvert A. , Yoo Albert J. , Roos Yvo B. , Dippel Diederik W.J. , van der Lugt Aad , van Oostenbrugge Robert J. , van Zwam Wim H. , Fiehler Jens , Marquering Henk A. , Majoie Charles B.L.M.
Published: August 2017

Background and Purpose—

Ischemic lesion volume (ILV) assessed by follow-up noncontrast computed tomography correlates only moderately with clinical end points, such as the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). We hypothesized that the association between follow-up noncontrast computed tomography ILV and outcome as assessed with mRS 3 months after stroke is strengthened when taking the mRS relevance of the infarct location into account.

Methods—

An anatomic atlas with 66 areas was registered to the follow-up noncontrast computed tomographic images of 254 patients from the MR CLEAN trial (Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands). The anatomic brain areas were divided into brain areas of high, moderate, and low mRS relevance as reported in the literature. Based on this distinction, the ILV in brain areas of high, moderate, and low mRS relevance was assessed for each patient. Binary and ordinal logistic regression analyses with and without adjustment for known confounders were performed to assess the association between the ILVs of different mRS relevance and outcome.

Results—

The odds for a worse outcome (higher mRS) were markedly higher given an increase of ILV in brain areas of high mRS relevance (odds ratio, 1.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.31–1.55 per 10 mL) compared with an increase in total ILV (odds ratios, 1.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.12–1.19 per 10 mL). Regression models using ILV in brain areas of high mRS relevance instead of total ILV showed a higher quality.

Conclusions—

The association between follow-up noncontrast computed tomography ILV and outcome as assessed with mRS 3 months after stroke is strengthened by accounting for the mRS relevance of the affected brain areas. Future prediction models should account for the ILV in brain areas of high mRS relevance.
Genetic Inhibition of Receptor Interacting Protein Kinase-1 Reduces Cell Death and Improves Functional Outcome After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Mice
Authors: Lule Sevda , Wu Limin , McAllister Lauren M. , Edmiston William J. , Chung Joon Yong , Levy Emily , Zheng Yi , Gough Peter J. , Bertin John , Degterev Alexei , Lo Eng H. , Whalen Michael J.
Published: August 2017

Background and Purpose—

Recent studies using cultured cells and rodent intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) models have implicated RIPK1 (receptor interacting protein kinase-1) as a driver of programmed necrosis and secondary injury based on use of chemical inhibitors. However, these inhibitors have off-target effects and cannot be used alone to prove a role for RIPK1. The aim of the current study was to examine the effect of genetic inhibition of the kinase domain of RIPK1 in a mouse ICH model.

Methods—

We subjected 2 lines of mice with
RIPK1
point mutations of the kinase domain (K45A and D138N), rendering them kinase inactive, to autologous blood ICH and measured acute cell death and functional outcome.

Results—

Compared with wild-type controls,
RIPK1

K45A/K45A

and
RIPK1

D138N/D138N

had significantly less cells with plasmalemma permeability, less acute neuronal cell death, less weight loss and more rapid weight gain to baseline, and improved performance in a Morris water maze paradigm after autologous blood ICH. In addition, mice systemically administered GSK′963, a potent, specific, brain penetrant small molecule RIPK1 inhibitor, had reduced acute neuronal death at 24 hours after ICH.

Conclusions—

The data show that the kinase domain of RIPK1 is a disease driver of ICH, mediating both acute cell death and functional outcome, and support development of RIPK1 inhibitors as therapeutic agents for human ICH.
Protecting the Mediterranean: Ottoman Responses to Maritime Violence, 1718-1770
Authors: Talbot Michael
Published: August 2017

This article examines the evolving role of the Ottoman navy in the mid-eighteenth century in protecting Ottoman seas from maritime violence. Despite enjoying a general peace with its European neighbors, merchant shipping in the waters of the eastern Mediterranean and coastal settlements were frequently subject to seaborne violence from European privateers, Maltese corsairs, and domestic pirates. Based on extensive research in the Ottoman archives, this article analyzes the development of the policy of protection (muḥāfaẓa) through defensive naval patrols, which occurred in conjunction with a strengthening of coastal fortifications and the implementation of innovative legal measures. The aims of this protective policy were to protect domestic and international trade, and to demonstrate imperial authority in Ottoman waters both in response to a demand for protection from subjects in the provinces from local and foreign violence, and as part of strengthening and consolidating Ottoman maritime territoriality in the Mediterranean.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Individual Differences in Multisensory Perception: an Overview
Authors: Jonas Clare , Spiller Mary Jane , Hibbard Paul B. , Proulx Michael
Published: August 2017

The world is full of objects that can be perceived through multiple different senses to create an integrated understanding of our environment. Since each of us has different biological and psychological characteristics, different people may perceive the world in quite different ways. However, the questions of how and why our multisensory perceptions differ have not been explored in any great depth. This special issue, arising from a series of British Psychological Society-funded seminars, presents new research and opinions on the impacts of a variety of individual differences on multisensory perception. We hope that readers will enjoy this collection of eight papers on individual differences in multisensory perception arising from developmental changes, autism, Down syndrome, migraine, sensory loss and substitution, and personality.
Uncovering a hidden diversity: two new species of Breviceps (Anura: Brevicipitidae) from northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: MINTER LESLIE R. , NETHERLANDS EDWARD C. , PREEZ LOUIS H. DU
Published: August 2017

Breviceps carruthersi sp. nov. and Breviceps passmorei sp. nov. are described from northern KwaZulu-Natal. Both new species are distinguished from B. adspersus, B. mossambicus, B. poweri and B. cf. sopranus by substantial interspecific genetic divergence (> 6.8 uncorrected p-distance) in the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene, differences in advertisement call structure and limited morphological variation. Breviceps carruthersi sp. nov. has a short, pulsatile call with minimal amplitude modulation and groups its calls. Breviceps passmorei sp. nov. differs significantly from B. adspersus and B. mossambicus in call duration and pulse number, but not in pulse rate or dominant frequency. For both new species morphological characters are of limited diagnostic value, necessitating a re-evaluation of the taxonomic status of populations currently assigned to B. adspersus and B. mossambicus in KwaZulu-Natal.
Gymnothorax visakhaensis sp. nov., a new species of elongate unpatterned moray eel (Muraenidae: Muraeninae) from the Indian Coast
Authors: MOHAPATRA ANIL , SMITH DAVID G. , MOHANTY SWARUP RANJAN , MISHRA SUBHRENDU SEKHAR , TUDU PRASAD C.
Published: August 2017

An elongate, brown unpatterned moray eel, Gymnothorax visakhaensis sp. nov., is described based on seven specimens collected from the Visakhapatnam fishing harbour, Andhra Pradesh, India. The new species is differentiated from other elongate unpatterned moray eels in having the following combination of characters: anus at about mid-point of body, preanal length 1.9–2.1 in total length; snout blunt and short; dorsal-fin margin black, 6 mandibular pores; intermaxillary teeth biserial; maxillary teeth uniserial, sharp and depressible, pre-dorsal vertebrae 7, pre- anal vertebrae 70–74, total vertebrae 163–169.
How Often Does It Really Rain?
Authors: Trenberth Kevin E. , Zhang Yongxin
Published: August 2017

The perception about whether a place is a nice place to live often depends on how often it rains (or snows). The frequency relates to how dreary the weather appears, and it is the duration much more than the amount that clouds perceptions. Yet, information about the frequency of rainfall, or precipitation in general, is spotty at best. Here, we analyze a new near-global (60°N–60°S) dataset at hourly time scales and 0.25° resolution. The dataset, the newly calibrated Climate Prediction Center morphing technique (CMORPH), enables comparison of results with 3-hourly and daily data, which is what has previously been available, and seasonal aspects are also examined. The results are quite sensitive to both the spatial scales of the data and their temporal resolutions, and it is important to get down to hourly values to gain a proper appreciation of the true frequency. At 1° resolution, values are 35% higher than for 0.25°. At 3-hourly resolution, they are about 25% higher than hourly, and at daily resolution, they are about 150% higher than hourly on average. Overall, near-global (60°N–60°S) precipitation occurs 11.0% ± 1.1% (1 sigma) of the time or, alternatively, 89.0% of the time it is not precipitating. But outside of the intertropical and South Pacific convergence zones, where values exceed 30%, and the arid and desert regions, where values are below 4%, the rates are more like 10% or so, and over land where most people live, values are closer to about 8%.
Improving Forecasts of Biomass Burning Emissions with the Fire Weather Index
Authors: Di Giuseppe Francesca , Rémy Samuel , Pappenberger Florian , Wetterhall Fredrik
Published: August 2017

In the absence of a dynamical fire model that could link the emissions to the weather dynamics and the availability of fuel, atmospheric composition models, such as the European Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Services (CAMS), often assume persistence, meaning that constituents produced by the biomass burning process during the first day are assumed constant for the whole length of the forecast integration (5 days for CAMS). While this assumption is simple and practical, it can produce unrealistic predictions of aerosol concentration due to an excessive contribution from biomass burning. This paper introduces a time-dependent factor , which modulates the amount of aerosol emitted from fires during the forecast. The factor is related to the daily change in fire danger conditions and is a function of the fire weather index (FWI). The impact of the new scheme was tested in the atmospheric composition model managed by the CAMS. Experiments from 5 months of daily forecasts in 2015 allowed for both the derivation of global statistics and the analysis of two big fire events in Indonesia and Alaska, with extremely different burning characteristics. The results indicate that time-modulated emissions based on the FWI calculations lead to predictions that are in better agreement with observations.
Dominant Synoptic Disturbance in the Extreme Rainfall at Cherrapunji, Northeast India, Based on 104 Years of Rainfall Data (1902–2005)
Authors: Murata Fumie , Terao Toru , Fujinami Hatsuki , Hayashi Taiichi , Asada Haruhisa , Matsumoto Jun , Syiemlieh Hiambok J.
Published: August 2017

The characteristics of active rainfall spells (ARSs) at Cherrapunji, northeast India, where extreme high rainfall is experienced, and their relationships with large-scale dynamics were studied using daily rainfall data from 1902 to 2005 and Japanese 55-Year Reanalysis from 1958 to 2005. Extreme high daily rainfalls occur in association with ARSs. The extremely large amounts of rainfall in the monsoon season are determined by the cumulative rainfall during ARSs. ARSs start when anomalous anticyclonic circulation (AAC) at 850 hPa propagates westward from the South China Sea and western North Pacific, and covers the northern Bay of Bengal. The AAC propagates farther westward and suppresses convection over central India during ARSs at Cherrapunji, and continues for 3 to 14 days. Consequently, a northward shift of the monsoon trough during the “break” in the Indian core region occurs. The westerly wind, which prevails in the northern portion of the AAC, transports moisture toward northeast India and enhances moisture convergence over northeast India with southerly moisture transport from the Bay of Bengal, and greatly intensifies the orographic rainfall. In the upper troposphere, the Tibetan high tends to extend southward with the onset of ARSs. A linear relationship can be seen between the length and total rainfall of an ARS. Longer ARSs tend to result in greater total rainfall. AACs with a greater zonal scale tend to produce longer and more intense ARSs. This study provides evidence for the effect of western North Pacific AACs on the Indian summer monsoon.
Dynamics and Energetics of Trapped Diurnal Internal Kelvin Waves around a Midlatitude Island
Authors: Masunaga Eiji , Fringer Oliver B. , Kitade Yujiro , Yamazaki Hidekatsu , Gallager Scott M.
Published: August 2017

The generation of trapped and radiating internal tides around Izu‐Oshima Island located off Sagami Bay, Japan, is investigated using the three-dimensional Stanford Unstructured Nonhydrostatic Terrain-following Adaptive Navier–Stokes Simulator (SUNTANS) that is validated with observations of isotherm displacements in shallow water. The model is forced by barotropic tides, which generate strong baroclinic internal tides in the study region. Model results showed that when diurnal K1 barotropic tides dominate, resonance of a trapped internal Kelvin wave leads to large-amplitude internal tides in shallow waters on the coast. This resonance produces diurnal motions that are much stronger than the semidiurnal motions. The weaker, freely propagating, semidiurnal internal tides are generated on the western side of the island, where the M2 internal tide beam angle matches the topographic slope. The internal wave energy flux due to the diurnal internal tides is much higher than that of the semidiurnal tides in the study region. Although the diurnal internal tide energy is trapped, this study shows that steepening of the Kelvin waves produces high-frequency internal tides that radiate from the island, thus acting as a mechanism to extract energy from the diurnal motions.
Determination of CERES TOA Fluxes Using Machine Learning Algorithms. Part I: Classification and Retrieval of CERES Cloudy and Clear Scenes
Authors: Thampi Bijoy Vengasseril , Wong Takmeng , Lukashin Constantin , Loeb Norman G.
Published: August 2017

Continuous monitoring of the earth radiation budget (ERB) is critical to the understanding of Earth’s climate and its variability with time. The Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) instrument is able to provide a long record of ERB for such scientific studies. This manuscript, which is the first of a two-part paper, describes the new CERES algorithm for improving the clear/cloudy scene classification without the use of coincident cloud imager data. This new CERES algorithm is based on a subset of the modern artificial intelligence (AI) paradigm called machine learning (ML) algorithms. This paper describes the development and application of the ML algorithm known as random forests (RF), which is used to classify CERES broadband footprint measurements into clear and cloudy scenes. Results from the RF analysis carried using the CERES Single Scanner Footprint (SSF) data for January and July are presented in the manuscript. The daytime RF misclassification rate (MCR) shows relatively large values (>30%) for snow, sea ice, and bright desert surface types, while lower values (<10%) for the forest surface type. MCR values observed for the nighttime data in general show relatively larger values for most of the surface types compared to the daytime MCR values. The modified MCR values show lower values (<4%) for most surface types after thin cloud data are excluded from the analysis. Sensitivity analysis shows that the number of input variables and decision trees used in the RF analysis has a substantial influence on determining the classification error.
Circulating Midregional Proadrenomedullin and Risk of Incident Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Acosta Stefan , Gottsäter Anders , Engström Gunnar , Melander Olle , Zarrouk Moncef , Nilsson Peter M. , Smith J. Gustav
Published: August 2017

Prospective clinical plasma biomarker studies in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) pathogenesis have been hampered by the need for very large cohorts and long follow-up time. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of adrenomedullin, a cardiovascular (CV) stress marker, and incident AAA risk. Prospective longitudinal cohort of middle-aged individuals from the CV cohort of the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (n = 5551; 1991-1994) was assessed. Plasma concentrations of midregional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM), C-reactive protein (CRP), and conventional risk factors were measured at baseline. Incidence of AAA was studied up to December 31, 2013. Cumulative incidence of AAA was 1.5% (men 2.9%, women 0.5%). Mean age of individuals with incident AAA was 59.7 years at study entry, and AAA was diagnosed on average 14 years later. Adjusting for age, gender, smoking, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and CRP, MR-proADM (hazard ratio: 1.28; 95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.62) was independently associated with incident AAA. The plasma biomarker MR-proADM seems to be a marker of AAA risk, implying that AAA development may be driven by long-standing CV stress on the aortic wall.
LKB1-AMPK modulates nutrient-induced changes in the mode of division of intestinal epithelial crypt cells in mice
Authors: Blackmore Katherine , Zhou Weinan , Dailey Megan J
Published: August 2017

Nutrient availability influences intestinal epithelial stem cell proliferation and tissue growth. Increases in food result in a greater number of epithelial cells, villi height and crypt depth. We investigated whether this nutrient-driven expansion of the tissue is the result of a change in the mode of intestinal epithelial stem cell division and if LKB1-AMPK signaling plays a role. We utilized in vivo and in vitro experiments to test this hypothesis. C57BL/6J mice were separated into four groups and fed varying amounts of chow for 18 h: (1) ad libitum, (2) 50% of their average daily intake (3) fasted or (4) fasted for 12 h and refed. Mice were sacrificed, intestinal sections excised and immunohistochemically processed to determine the mitotic spindle orientation. Epithelial organoids in vitro were treated with no (0 mM), low (5 mM) or high (20 mM) amounts of glucose with or without an activator (Metformin) or inhibitor (Compound C) of LKB1-AMPK signaling. Cells were then processed to determine the mode of stem cell division. Fasted mice show a greater % of asymmetrically dividing cells compared with the other feeding groups. Organoids incubated with 0 mM glucose resulted in a greater % of asymmetrically dividing cells compared with the low or high-glucose conditions. In addition, LKB1-AMPK activation attenuated the % of symmetric division normally seen in high-glucose conditions. In contrast, LKB1-AMPK inhibition attenuated the % of asymmetric division normally seen in no glucose conditions. These data suggest that nutrient availability dictates the mode of division and that LKB1-AMPK mediates this nutrient-driven effect on intestinal epithelial stem cell proliferation.

Impact statement

The underlying cell biology of changes in the polarity of mitotic spindles and its relevance to tissue growth is a new concept and, thus, these data provide novel findings to begin to explain how this process contributes to the regeneration and growth of tissues. We find that short-term changes in food intake in vivo or glucose availability in vitro dictate the mode of division of crypt cells. In addition, we find that LKB1-AMPK signaling modulates the glucose-induced changes in the mode of division in vitro. Identifying mechanisms involved in the mode of division may provide new targets to control tissue growth.
Genetic risk stratification to reduce inhibitor development in the early treatment of hemophilia A: a SIPPET analysis
Authors: Rosendaal Frits R. , Palla Roberta , Garagiola Isabella , Mannucci Pier M. , Peyvandi Flora
Published: August 2017

Key Points

It has been suggested that rFVIII, which is more immunogenic than plasma-derived FVIII (pdFVIII), can be safely used in low-risk patients. Among 235 participants in a randomized trial, genetic risk stratification did not identify a low-risk group for treatment with rFVIII.
Oriented time-domain dip moveout correction for planar reflectors in common-source domain
Authors: Khoshnavaz Mohammad Javad
Published: August 2017

Oriented time-domain imaging can be orders of magnitude faster than the routine techniques, which rely on velocity analysis. The term “oriented” refers to those techniques that use the information carried by local slopes. Time-domain dip moveout (DMO) correction, which has often been ignored by the seismic imaging community, has been coming back to attention within the last few years. I have developed an oriented time-domain DMO correction workflow that does not face the problematic loop between the dip-dependent and/or dip-independent velocities existing in the classic DMO correction algorithms. Use of the proposed approach is also advantageous over the previous oriented techniques; the proposed technique is independent of the wavefront curvature, and the input seismic data do not need to be sorted in two different domains. The application of the technique is limited to reflectors with a small curvature. The theory of the proposed technique is investigated on a simple synthetic data example and then applied to a 2D marine data set.
Implications of Early Cenozoic uplift and fault reactivation for carbon storage in the Moray Firth Basin
Authors: Guariguata-Rojas Gustavo J. , Underhill John R.
Published: August 2017

Interpretation and depth conversion of an extensive, well-calibrated seismic database provide the basis upon which to map the limits and evaluate the geologic risks of using a saline aquifer target for carbon dioxide ([Formula: see text]) storage in the Moray Firth Basin of the North Sea. The seismic interpretation demonstrates that the Lower Cretaceous (Albian-Aptian) Captain Sandstone Member is a continuous, interconnected reservoir that rises to subcrop in the western areas of the basin as a consequence of Early Cenozoic uplift and tilt. As such, the aquifer forms an open system with few barriers or sizable closures to arrest or entrap light fluids and gases en route to its western subcrop. The new interpretation also indicates that the saline aquifer is cut by several west-southwest/east-northeast-striking reactivated normal faults. Although migration along the faults permitted hydrocarbons to get into structurally elevated traps, such as the Captain Field itself, some faults also breach the seal of the Captain Sandstone Member aquifer, rise to the seabed, and increase the risk of seabed leakage. Consequently, despite its large storage capacity, the dip, subcrop, and fault reactivation affecting the Captain Sandstone Member aquifer all suggest that its use as a site for [Formula: see text] storage remains unproven and is not the best choice for an initial North Sea exemplar. As such, the study highlights the importance of undertaking a robust and forensic geologic screening of any prospective storage site prior to injection.
Orientation of native versus translocated juvenile lesser spotted eagles (Clanga pomarina) on the first autumn migration
Authors: Meyburg Bernd-U. , Bergmanis Ugis , Langgemach Torsten , Graszynski Kai , Hinz Arno , Börner Ingo , Meyburg Christiane , Vansteelant Wouter M. G.
Published: August 2017

The ontogeny of migration routines used by wild birds remains unresolved. Here we investigated the migratory orientation of juvenile lesser spotted eagles (LSE; Clanga pomarina) based on translocation and satellite tracking. Between 2004 and 2016, 85 second-hatched juveniles (Abels) were reared in captivity for release into the declining German population, including 50 birds that were translocated 940 km from Latvia. In 2009, we tracked 12 translocated juveniles, as well as eight native juveniles and nine native adults, to determine how inexperienced birds come to use strategic migration routes. Native juveniles departed around the same time as the adults and six of eight used the eastern flyway around the Mediterranean, which was used by all adults. In contrast, translocated juveniles departed on average 6 days before native LSEs, and five travelled southward and died in the central Mediterranean region. Consequently, fewer translocated juveniles (4/12) than native juveniles (7/8) reached Africa. We conclude that juvenile LSEs have a much better chance of learning the strategic southeastern flyway if they leave at an appropriate time to connect with experienced elders upon departure. It is not clear why translocated juveniles departed so early. Regardless, by the end of the year, most juveniles had perished, whether they were translocated (10/12) or not (6/8). The small number of surviving translocated juveniles thus still represents a significant increase in the annual productivity of the German LSE population in 2009.
How innate is locomotion in precocial animals? A study on the early development of spatio-temporal gait variables and gait symmetry in piglets
Authors: Vanden Hole Charlotte , Goyens Jana , Prims Sara , Fransen Erik , Ayuso Hernando Miriam , Van Cruchten Steven , Aerts Peter , Van Ginneken Chris
Published: August 2017

Locomotion is one of the most important ecological functions in animals. Precocial animals, such as pigs, are capable of independent locomotion shortly after birth. This raises the question whether coordinated movement patterns and the underlying muscular control in these animals is fully innate or whether there still exists a rapid maturation. We addressed this question by studying gait development in neonatal pigs through the analysis of spatio-temporal gait characteristics during locomotion at self-selected speed. To this end, we made video recordings of piglets walking along a corridor at several time points (from 0 h to 96 h). After digitization of the footfalls, we analysed self-selected speed and spatio-temporal characteristics (e.g. stride and step lengths, stride frequency and duty factor) to study dynamic similarity, intralimb coordination and interlimb coordination. To assess the variability of the gait pattern, left–right asymmetry was studied. To distinguish neuromotor maturation from effects caused by growth, both absolute and normalized data (according to the dynamic similarity concept) were included in the analysis. All normalized spatio-temporal variables reached stable values within 4 h of birth, with most of them showing little change after the age of 2 h. Most asymmetry indices showed stable values, hovering around 10%, within 8 h of birth. These results indicate that coordinated movement patterns are not entirely innate, but that a rapid neuromotor maturation, potentially also the result of the rearrangement or recombination of existing motor modules, takes place in these precocial animals.
New chimeric RNAs in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Rufflé Florence , Audoux Jerome , Boureux Anthony , Beaumeunier Sacha , Gaillard Jean-Baptiste , Bou Samra Elias , Megarbane Andre , Cassinat Bruno , Chomienne Christine , Alves Ronnie , Riquier Sebastien , Gilbert Nicolas , Lemaitre Jean-Marc , Bacq-Daian Delphine , Bougé Anne Laure , Philippe Nicolas , Commes Therese
Published: August 2017

Background: High-throughput next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies enable the detection of biomarkers used for tumor classification, disease monitoring and cancer therapy. Whole-transcriptome analysis using RNA-seq is important, not only as a means of understanding the mechanisms responsible for complex diseases but also to efficiently identify novel genes/exons, splice isoforms, RNA editing, allele-specific mutations, differential gene expression and fusion-transcripts or chimeric RNA (chRNA).

Methods: We used Crac, a tool that uses genomic locations and local coverage to classify biological events and directly infer splice and chimeric junctions within a single read. Crac’s algorithm extracts transcriptional chimeric events irrespective of annotation with a high sensitivity, and CracTools was used to aggregate, annotate and filter the chRNA reads. The selected chRNA candidates were validated by real time PCR and sequencing.  In order to check the tumor specific expression of chRNA, we analyzed a publicly available dataset using a new tag search approach.

Results:  We present data related to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) RNA-seq analysis. We highlight novel biological cases of chRNA, in addition to previously well characterized leukemia chRNA. We have identified and validated 17 chRNAs among 3 AML patients: 10 from an AML patient with a translocation between chromosomes 15 and 17 (AML-t(15;17), 4  from patient with normal karyotype (AML-NK) 3 from a patient with chromosomal 16 inversion (AML-inv16). The new fusion transcripts can be classified into four groups according to the exon organization.

Conclusions:  All groups suggest complex but distinct synthesis mechanisms involving either collinear exons of different genes, non-collinear exons, or exons of different chromosomes. Finally, we check tumor-specific expression in a larger RNA-seq AML cohort and identify new AML biomarkers that could improve diagnosis and prognosis of AML.
Labor Factor of Production: Prolegomenato the Analysis of Quality Changes in the XXI Century
Authors: Родина Г. , Rodina G.
Published: August 2017

The article is devoted to the identification of qualitative changes in the labor factor of production in the conditions of the formation of the information society. Based on the analysis of changes in the economy over the past half century, the modification of the nature of labor towards its intellectualization and informationization has been considered.The new role of the labor factor of production and the formation of human capital are justified. The latter is treated as the capitalized value of labor force, as a socio-economic form of the human factor.
Basic Aspects of Macroeconomic of Wage ControlAsan Indicatorof the Economic Resilience of Russia
Authors: Миргород Екатерина , Mirgorod Ekaterina , Архипова Лидия , Arkhipova Lidiya
Published: August 2017

The article deals with the issues of state and collective-contractual salary regulation, as the most important indicators of the sustainability of the socioeconomic development of the Russian Federation. The basic proportions in remuneration of labour in Russia and tendencies of their change in the light of their influence on the stability of the development of regions, the well-being of the population are analysed. The relationship between low size and wage imbalances and the scale of population poverty and social inequality is shown. The methods and instruments of regulation are described, the use of which would contribute to the creation of economic and organizational conditions for the formation of fair and decent wages. The territorial features of the ratio of wages and the value of the subsistence minimum are presented as an indicator of the differentiation of regions in terms of the standard of living of the population.
Mobility Factor of Educational Services in the System of Labor Relations
Authors: Шабанов Д. , Shabanov D.
Published: August 2017

As feedstock and final product represented by applicants and graduates, educational services are the same mobile factor of social production as capital and labor. Besides, the factor of professional specialist is more mobile than its transformed form: the factor of the employee in the industry. And if the government want to achieve the increased mobility of labor inputs, it should provide the factors of single educational service represented by pre-university, institutional and postgraduate training of professionals with the high mobility and imbalance.
A produção do conhecimento em Educação Física e suas subáreas: um panorama a partir de periódicos nacionais da área
Authors: Decian Marluce Raquel , Caputo Eduardo Lucia , Stein Fernanda , Cardozo Priscila Lopes , Lessa Helena Thofehrn , Cardoso Rodrigo Kohn , Domingues Marlos Rodrigues , Hallal Pedro Curi
Published: August 2017

Esse artigo descreve a produção do conhecimento em Educação Física em periódicos brasileiros da área, agrupando esses produtos em subáreas, verificando sua relação com a Pós-Graduação e a distribuição geográfica dos autores com base na sua afiliação institucional, a partir do último número disponível de cada periódico. Trata-se de análise documental, com dados extraídos do website dos 12 periódicos científicos da Educação Física classificados nos estratos B2, ou superior do WebQualis da CAPES de 2014. O último número disponível de cada periódico foi avaliado e os artigos publicados foram categorizados em subáreas, descritas a seguir. Foram analisados 163 artigos relacionados à área da Educação Física, distribuídos nas seguintes subáreas: Pedagógica e Sociocultural = 42,9%, Treinamento Físico e Fisiologia = 26,5%, Atividade Física e Saúde = 20,4%, Comportamento Motor = 10,2%. Pelo menos um autor dos artigos estava vinculado a um Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física em 99 (60,7%) dessas publicações. A maioria das publicações são oriundas de programas com conceito 4 e 5 da CAPES. Assinala-se a importância de os Programas de Pós-Graduação com conceitos superiores a quatro publicarem com maior frequência em revistas brasileiras, a fim de fortalecer os periódicos nacionais e auxiliar na consolidação da área da Educação Física no país.
Variety and Experience: Learning and Forgetting in the Use of Surgical Devices
Authors: Ramdas Kamalini , Saleh Khaled , Stern Steven , Liu Haiyan
Published: August 2017

We use a unique, hand-collected data set to examine learning and forgetting in hip replacement surgery as a function of a surgeon’s experience with specific surgical device versions and the time between their repeat uses. We also develop a generalizable method to correct for the left censoring of device-version-specific experience variables that is a common problem in highly granular experience data, using maximum simulated likelihood estimation with simulation over unobservables conditional on observables. Even for experienced surgeons, the first use of certain device versions can result in at least a 32.4% increase in surgery duration, hurting quality and productivity. Furthermore, with the passage of time, surgeons can forget knowledge gained about the use of particular devices. For certain devices, when the time gap between repeat uses increases from its median to its 75th percentile, surgery duration increases by about 3.4%. The high productivity and quality costs associated with device variety suggest that the gain from a new device design needs to be large enough to compensate for the short-term disadvantages of starting up on a new learning curve and of increasing the chances of knowledge depreciation over time.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2721 .

This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Surviving a National Football League Survivor Pool
Authors: Bergman David , Imbrogno Jason
Published: August 2017

In this paper, an analytical approach to National Football League (NFL) survival pools is investigated. This paper introduces into the literature NFL survival pools and presents optimization models for determining strategies. Computational results indicate that planning only partway through the season yields the highest survival probabilities, which dominate millions of randomly generated strategies.
Inherited cardiac conditions: examining two patient cases
Authors: Bellchambers Julie , Neves Emma , Pottle Alison
Published: August 2017

Inherited cardiac conditions are a variety of genetic conditions affecting the heart and vasculature, which can result in sudden cardiac death. Identification of patients with these conditions and subsequent cascade testing of family members is vital if the impact from these conditions is to be reduced. This article focuses on two such conditions which are among the most common: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and familial hypercholesterolaemia. The case studies illustrated detail the identification of the conditions, as well as the individual management of the two patients. The importance of cascade testing of relatives will be discussed in both cases together, with the need for dedicated clinics for managing patients with inherited cardiac conditions.
Extending cardiac rehabilitation: a telephone self-regulation pilot
Authors: Higgins Rosemary O , Murphy Barbara M , Navaratnam Hema S , Jackson Alun C
Published: August 2017

Introduction:

The majority of patients do not attend cardiac rehabilitation (CR); telephone programmes can help overcome access-related barriers to attendance. The Australian Centre for Heart Health developed Teleheart as a manualised, behaviourally focused home-based CR programme and wanted to assess its acceptability, feasibility and perceived impact.

Method:

The pilot programme was delivered to 22 patients following an acute cardiac event. Motivational interviewing was used to help patients select modules from: physical activity; dietary change; smoking cessation; and managing the ‘cardiac blues’. Acceptability and feasibility data as well as data on patients' behaviour change readiness, recognition of the importance of this, and confidence in ability to change were collected.

Results:

The feasibility of patient recruitment and programme acceptability were high. Readiness for behaviour change, realising its importance and confidence in ability to change increased in all patients.

Conclusion:

This theory-based behavioural intervention could be used within CR programmes to extend the reach of CR to patients unable or unwilling to attend a group programme.
Real world challenges in delivering person-centred care: A community-based case study
Authors: Riding Sylvia , Glendening Nikki , Heaslip Vanessa
Published: August 2017

Community nurses face many challenges when trying to practice evidence-based, person-centred care. Ongoing concerns regarding the impact of the 2013 Francis Report ( Ford and Lintern, 2017 ) suggest that individualised and holistic care is an impossible dream, one made harder when the client appears uncooperative. This paper presents a case study that sets out how some of these challenges were met in a potentially difficult situation experienced by a student nurse and her mentor in practice, in which the student was supported to further examine and explore issues that may have influenced the situation. In this instance, the solution came with the recognition that the client had expertise and knowledge that needed to be taken into account, alongside that of the nurses looking after him. His care became a partnership, not an imposition of expertise; a principle which is transferable to many other situations. Underpinning it was the recognition of our shared humanity, wherein lies the essence of truly holistic care, and student nurses learning this, through the guidance and support of their mentor.
First movers and fast followers
Authors: Dunkley-Bent Jacqueline
Published: August 2017

As midwifery leaders reveal their plans to implement new models of midwifery supervision, Jacqueline Dunkley-Bent spoke to two directors of midwifery who are leading the way
Leading greater integration
Authors: Yeomans Lorraine
Published: August 2017

With a drive towards greater integration of health and social care, some services may be facing significant changes. But, as Lorraine Yeomans explains, midwives are already leading the charge
Post traumatic stress disorder post childbirth versus postnatal depression: a guide for midwives
Authors: Bromley Philippa , Martin Caroline J Hollins , Patterson Jenny
Published: August 2017

Post traumatic stress disorder-post childbirth (PTSD-PC) is a powerful pathophysiological reaction that occurs in response to experiencing a traumatic birth and affects between 1–6% of women. Regardless of its trigger, PTSD-PC causes significant impairment to women's social interactions, ability to work, and daily life. A key symptom of PTSD-PC is re-experiencing the birth in the form of nightmares, flashbacks, continual replay, intrusive thoughts, and images. When these symptoms persist beyond 1 month, a diagnosis of PTSD-PC should be considered. In awareness that there are additional mental health problems that a childbearing woman could encounter, the authors have elected to focus on two of the more commonly experienced diagnoses; specifically PTSD and postnatal depression (PND). It is important for midwives to be able to differentiate between PTSD-PC and PND, because diagnoses and treatments differ. Generally, PND is treated with antidepressants and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), while PTSD is treated with eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy or emotional freedom technique (EFT). There is potential for a women to develop a dual diagnosis, with partner and family also affected. Clarity surrounding the differences between PND and PTSD are key to accessing appropriate diagnosis, referral, and treatment
Focus on cardiotocography: Intrapartum monitoring of uterine contractions
Authors: Bhogal Karnie
Published: August 2017

When undertaking training on electronic fetal monitoring, much is discussed about the fetal heart rate and less on the uterine contractions. This is also reflected when discussing the history of both fetal heart rate monitoring and uterine contraction monitoring.

Adequately monitoring the uterine contractions is an essential part of cardiotocography. It allows for an assessment of the fetal heart rate in relation to the uterine contractions, especially when there is a non-reassuring or an abnormal trace. When oxytocin is used in induced or augmented labours, it is imperative to ensure that there is no evidence of uterine hyperstimulation and that sufficient resting phases occur between contractions. However, assessing contractions adequately can be challenging in practice, especially in cases of obese parturients.

This article explores the methods used to assess uterine contractions, using clinical skills in conjunction with external tocodynamometry and electrohysterography, as well as exploring some of the background to monitoring uterine contractions.
Does extending time limits in the second stage of labour compromise maternal and neonatal outcomes?
Authors: Newman Melissa
Published: August 2017

Background:

Guidelines on intrapartum care may be based on outdated evidence that suggests that a prolonged second stage of labour is dangerous to both mother and baby.

Aims:

To examine the maternal and neonatal effects of extended second stage labour.

Methods:

Medical databases were searched, and a critical appraisal skills programme (CASP) tool used. This narrowed down the number of included studies to four, which were then critiqued.

Findings:

This literature review found that, as length of second stage increased, so did chance of spontaneous vaginal delivery. However, prolonged pushing was associated with slightly increased rates of chorioamnionitis and severe perineal trauma. Adverse outcomes were linked predominantly to the mothers but some minor neonatal effects were also noted.

Conclusion:

In alignment with the NMC Code, care plans should be formed in partnership with women and only after considering her individual circumstances and wishes. Health professionals should view guidelines as recommendations, rather than rules that must not be broken and instead consider the wider picture when dealing with extended second stage of labour.
The effect of operating lights on laminar flow
Authors: Refaie R. , Rushton P. , McGovern P. , Thompson D. , Serrano-Pedraza I. , Rankin K. S. , Reed M.
Published: August 2017

Aims

The interaction between surgical lighting and laminar airflow is poorly understood. We undertook an experiment to identify any effect contemporary surgical lights have on laminar flow and recommend practical strategies to limit any negative effects.

Materials and Methods

Neutrally buoyant bubbles were introduced into the surgical field of a simulated setup for a routine total knee arthroplasty in a laminar flow theatre. Patterns of airflow were observed and the number of bubbles remaining above the surgical field over time identified. Five different lighting configurations were assessed. Data were analysed using simple linear regression after logarithmic transformation.

Results

In the absence of surgical lights, laminar airflow was observed, bubbles were cleared rapidly and did not accumulate. If lights were placed above the surgical field laminar airflow was abolished and bubbles rose from the surgical field to the lights then circulated back to the surgical field. The value of the decay parameter (slope) of the two setups differed significantly; no light (b = -1.589) versus one light (b = -0.1273, p < 0.001). Two lights touching (b = -0.1191) above the surgical field had a similar effect to that of a single light (p = 0. 2719). Two lights positioned by arms outstretched had a similar effect (b = -0.1204) to two lights touching (p = 0.998) and one light (p = 0.444). When lights were separated widely (160 cm), laminar airflow was observed but the rate of clearance of the bubbles remained slower (b = -1.1165) than with no lights present (p = 0.004).

Conclusion

Surgical lights have a significantly negative effect on laminar airflow. Lights should be positioned as far away as practicable from the surgical field to limit this effect. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1061–6.
Usefulness of an accelerometer-based portable navigation system in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Ikawa T. , Takemura S. , Kim M. , Takaoka K. , Minoda Y. , Kadoya Y.
Published: August 2017

Aims

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of using a portable, accelerometer-based surgical navigation system (KneeAlign2) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) on the alignment of the femoral component, and blood loss.

Patients and Methods

A total of 241 consecutive patients with primary osteoarthritis of the knee were enrolled in this prospective, randomised controlled study. There were 207 women and 34 men. The mean age of the patients was 74.0 years (57 to 89). The KneeAlign2 system was used for distal femoral resection in 121 patients (KA2 group) and a conventional intramedullary femoral guide was used in 120 patients (IM group).

Results

One patient (0.8%) in the KA2 group and 19 in the IM group had an alignment which was > 3° away from the neutral mechanical axis (p < 0.01). The mean deviation from neutral alignment was 1.01° (standard deviation (sd) 1.0°) in the KA2 group and 1.93° (sd 1.7°) in the IM group (p < 0.01). Blood loss was significantly less in the KA2 group compared with the IM group (784 ml (sd 357) versus 1071 ml (sd 310), p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The KneeAlign2 system provides a technically straightforward method for identifying the femoral head and performing an accurate distal femoral resection at TKA with significantly less blood loss compared with a conventional intramedullary guide. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1047–52.