bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH AMPAS TEBU UNTUK PEMBUATAN ARANG BRIKET DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BAHAN PEREKAT LEM K
Authors: Namira Siti , Bahri Syamsul , Kurniawan Eddy , Jalaluddin Jalaluddin , Masrullita Masrullita , Kamar Iqbal
Published: September 2023

Pengembangan energi alternatif saat ini menjadi penting karena semakin berkurangnya sumber daya alam. Pemanfaatan energi biomassa merupakan salah satu cara memanfaatkan energi alternatif. Bahan baku biomassa pada penelitian ini adalah limbah ampas tebu. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengamati kualitas dari briket arang limbah ampas tebu dengan menggunakan perekat lem K, dengan ukuran partikel arang 50 mesh, 80 mesh, dan 100 mesh, serta 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, dan 30% lem K sebagai perekat.Pembuatan briket arang dilakukan dengan karbonisasi untuk mengkonversi bahan baku dari suatu zat organik ke dalam karbon dengan melakukan pembakaran pada bahan baku untuk menghilangkan metode lain yang tidak dibutuhkan oleh arang. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan uji proximate. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran partikel arang 80 mesh dengan 25% perekat lem K memberikan kualitas briket arang terbaik yang memiliki karakteristik: kadar air 7,57%, kadar abu 8,10%, dan nilai kalor sebesar 5.519,9 (cal/g) . Melihat dari hasil penelitian ini bahwa limbah ampas tebu dapat dijadikan salah satu bahan baku alternatif dalam pembuatan briket dan lem K dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan perekat pada pembuatan briket, karena penggunaan lem K sebagai perekat terbukti dapat meningkatkan kualitas briket yang dihasilkan.Kata Kunci : arang, briket, energi alternatif, karbonisasi, lem K, limbah ampas tebu
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI PELARUT ETANOL DAN WAKTU PENYIMPANAN PADA PEMBUATAN EKSTRAK KLOROFIL DARI DAUN PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.)
Authors: Aulia Annisa , Muarif Agam , Meriatna Meriatna , Hakim Lukman , Azhari Azhari
Published: September 2023

Klorofil adalah pigmen hijau yang pada umumnya terdapat pada daun tanaman. Klorofil memiliki banyak manfaat bagi kesehatan tubuh diantaranya sebagai pembantu terjadinya detoksifikasi, antioksidan, antipenuaan dan antikanker. Salah satu tanaman yang memiliki klorofil tinggi adalah tanaman pepaya. Penelitian ini menghasilkan klorofil dari ekstrak daun pepaya dengan menggunakan metode ekstraksi. Ekstraksi dilakukan pada suhu 50ºC selama 120 menit dengan perbandingan sampel dan pelarut yaitu 1:4. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kadar klorofil pada daun pepaya dengan menggunakan variasi konsentrasi pelarut etanol dan waktu penyimpanan sehingga didapatkan kondisi yang dapat menghasilkan kadar klorofil yang paling tinggi. Konsentrasi pelarut etanol yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah 50%, 70% dan 96%. Variasi waktu penyimpanan sebelum ekstraksi yaitu 0 menit, 60 menit, 120 menit, 180  menit dan 240 menit. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini diperoleh kadar klorofil paling tinggi yaitu 3,9881 mg/l dengan densitas 0,9430 gr/ml pada kondisi konsentrasi etanol 96% dan waktu penyimpanan 240 menit.
ANALISA SUHU DAN WAKTU PEMBAKARAN ABU SEKAM PADI TERHADAP HASIL SILIKA DARI PROSES EKSTRAKSI MENGUNAKAN PELARUT NAOH
Authors: Padang Anisyah , Nurlaila Rizka , Meriatna Meriatna , Sylvia Novi , Ibrahim Ishak
Published: September 2023

Sekam padi merupakan limbah pertanian yang paling melimpah dari proses penggilingan padi yang dapat diolah karena memiliki manfaat, salah satunya dengan melakukan pembakaran sekam padi menjadi abu. Secara kimia, abu sekam padi mengandung silika sebesar 87-97%. Tingginya kandungan silika pada abu sekam padi tersebut menjadi acuan peneliti untuk menjadikan limbah sekam padi sebagai sumber silika, sehingga mampu meningkatkan kualitas dan nilai ekonomis sekam padi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan silika terbaik dari abu sekam padi dengan mengkaji pengaruh suhu pembakaran (700°C, 750°C dan 800°C) dan waktu pembakaran (3; 3,5; 4 dan 4,5 jam) hasil dari ekkstraksi menngunakan pelarut NaOH 5%, terhadap yield produk, kadar air, kadar abu dan kadar silika menggunakan XRF. Penelitian ini sudah pernah dilakukan sebelumnya, tetapi dengan menggunakan variasi konsentrasi pelarut NaOH, sedangkan pada penelitian ini menggunakan variasi suhu dan waktu pembakaran abu sekam padi. Proses pembuatan silika dari abu sekam melalui beberapa tahapan yaitu tahap persiapan bahan baku, pembentukan larutan Natrium Silikat, tahap pembentukan silika dan tahap analisa. Silika terbaik yang dihasilkan pada penelitian ini terdapat   pada suhu pembakaran 750°C dan waktu pembakaran selama 4 jam menghasilkan yield tertinggi 96,36%. Kadar air yang diperoleh yaitu sebesar 0,8% , besar kadar air yang diperoleh ini memenuhi standar SNI yaitu maksial 15%. Sedangkan kadar abu didapat sebesar 3,76%. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian menggunakan XRF didapatkan kandungan senyawa SiO2 sebesar 40,3%.
PEMBUATAN ASAP CAIR (Liquid Smoked) DARI LIMBAH PADAT NILAM (Pogostemon Cablin Benth) DENGAN METODE PIROLISIS
Authors: Jasmani Jasmani , Ginting Zainuddin , Masrullita Masrullita , Kurniawan Eddy , Dewi Rozanna , Faisal Faisal
Published: September 2023

Limbah padat hasil penyulingan minyak nilam banyak dijumpai diindustri penyulingan minyak nilam terutama dikota Lhokseumawe. Besarnya volume limbah padat penyulingan nilam belum termanfaatkan secara optimal. Dengan memanfaatkan limbah tersebut menjadi produk yang berguna dan mempunyai nilai tambah yang nyata. Keberadaan limbah padat nilam sangat berpotensial untuk diolah menjadi asap cair karena memiliki komponen senyawa organik yaitu selulosa, hemiselulosa dan lignin. Penelitian ini sudah dilakukan sebelumnya, yang belum adalah penggunaan limbah padat nilam sebagai bahan baku pembuatan asap cair dengan menggunakan metode pirolisis yang menghasilkan lebih banyak yield asap cair. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pembuatan asap cair serta pengaruh suhu dan waktu pirolisi terhadap yield, densitas dan pH asap cair yang dihasilkan. Metode penelitian menggunakan proses pirolisi yang dilakukan pada suhu 250oC, 300oC dan 350oC dengan variasi waktu pirolisis 60 menit, 90 menit, 120 menit dan 150 menit. Asap cair diperoleh dari kondensasi asap hasil dekomposisi senyawa organik pada proses pirolisis. Dari penelitian diketahui bahwa yield asap cair cenderung meningkat seiring naiknya suhu dan waktu pirolisis. Yield asap cair tertinggi diperoleh sebesar 16,16%. Densitas terbaik diperoleh dari asap cair hasil pirolisis sebesar 0,9916 gr/ml. pH asap cair terbaik diperoleh dari asap cair hasil pirolisis sebesar 3,32. Kandungan asap cair pada uji menggunakan GC-MS adalah fenol sebesar 46,14% dan benzene sebesar 15,55%.
Analysis Hybrid Learning on Learning Motivation Students and Mental Disorders as Moderator Variables During COVID-19
Authors: Haetami Haetami
Published: September 2023

Social distancing and physical distancing because off COVID is impact on education policy to implementation hybrid learning. Due to activities and interactional social relationships during COVID causes students sustain mental disorders and low learning motivation. The purpose is analyzing the effect of hybrid learning on learning motivation and mental disorders as moderator variables. Research subjects is 68 students of Daruul Hijri SDIT and use purposive sampling. The method used is MRA analysis through interaction, absolute difference and residual tests. The results are (1) T value > T table 3,439>1,996 and sig 0.001<0.05 which means hybrid learning has significant effect on learning motivation (2) -2.203<-1.996 and sig 0.031 < 0.05 which means hybrid learning (after added mental disorder) has negative and significant effect. (3) 2.624 > 1.996 and sig 0.011 < 0.05 which means hybrid learning has significant effect on mental disorders, (4) -2.354 < -1.996 and sig 0.022 <0.05 which means mental disorder has negative effect and significant, (5) R2 X on Y = 0.152 while R2 X on Y, Z as moderator variable=0.331 means variable Z strengthens the influence dependent and independent variables, (6) On absolute difference test, coefficient ZX-ZZ is (-0.441) which means variable Z moderates X and Y, (7) On residual test, (-3.687) < (-.1996) and sig 0.000 <0.05, which means variable Z moderates between X and Y. The conclusion is based on results hybrid learning that runs effectively can reduce the risk of mental disorders and increase learning motivation
RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT AMENDMENTS AND N LEVELS APPLIED TO THE PRECEDING RICE CROP ON THE SOIL PROPERTIES AND YIELD OF SUCCEEDING GREENGRAM CROP
Authors:   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry ,Agrl. College and Res. Institute Madurai 625 104 Tamilnadu, S JAGANNATHAN , K MAYALAGU ,   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry ,Agrl. College and Res. Institute Madurai 625 104 Tamilnadu, M PEER MOHAMED ,   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry ,Agrl. College and Res. Institute Madurai 625 104 Tamilnadu, A GOPALSWAMY ,   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry ,Agrl. College and Res. Institute Madurai 625 104 Tamilnadu
Published: September 2023

In a field study with different amendments and N levels applied to the preceding rice in a light textured soil under two irrigation regimes revealed that the residual effect of coir-pith significantly increased the available N, P and K and organic carbon contents in soil. The highest greengram grain yield was obtained under the residual effect of clayey soil under I, regime but on par with coir-pith treatment. The residual effect of N levels on soil properties and yield were non-significant.
EFFECT OF SEED DRESSING FUNGICIDES ON THE STORAGE AND VIABILITY OF SORGHUM SEEDS
Authors:   Assitant Professor,Sugarcane Research Station,Melalathur, S ENAYATHULLAH SHAH , V MARIAPPAN ,   Assitant Professor,Sugarcane Research Station,Melalathur
Published: September 2023

The now seed dressing fungicides Panoctine and Panoram were compared with other commonly used fungicides for their effect on sorghum seed viability during storage. Thiram 0.2 per cent, Vitavax 0.2 per cent, Panoram 0.4 per cent and Panoctine 0.4 per cent were found to keep the sorghum seeds viable to nine months of storage.
SEASONAL INFLUENCE AND POPULATION DYNAMCS OF GREEN LEAFHOPPER ON RICE
Authors:   Professor of Agrl,Entomology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Coimbatore 641003, S VENNILA , P.C SUNDARA BABU ,   Professor of Agrl,Entomology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Coimbatore 641003
Published: September 2023

Seasonal trends of the green leafhopper (GLH) species studied by monitoring the pest through light trap at Coimbatore and the influence of weather factors on the population dynamics showed the peak occurrence of GLH during November followed by December. Nephotettix virescens (Distant) dominated over N. nigropictus (Stal.) throughout the year, Corresponding week's weather factors, especially the total rainfall individually influenced significantly the population of N. virescens and N. nigropictus individually as well as the total population of both the species. Weather factors that prevailed a fortnight prior to catch (the developmental period) influenced N. nigropictus alone. Corresponding week's weather factors in particular, the total rainfall influenced the population of Nephotettix spp. during Kar season. The total weather factors that existed a fortnight prior to catch influenced the population during late samba and navaral seasons. In all the seasons none of the individual weather factors that existed during the developmental period influenced the population.
EFFECT OF SEED DRESSING CHEMICALS ON THE SURVIVAL OF RHIZOBIUM SP. AND GROWTH, NODULATION AND GRAIN YIELD OF GREENGRAM AND BLACKGRAM
Authors:   National Pulses Research Centre,Vamban Pudukottai, J PRABAKARAN , K RAMASAMY ,   National Pulses Research Centre,Vamban Pudukottai
Published: September 2023

When the seed dressing chemicals are used at the recommended levels on seeds of greengram and blackgram, they reduce the rhizobial population on the seed surface. However seeds treated with carbendazim and monocrotophos at the recom mended levels have not only reduce seed borne pathogens and harbouring pest but also significantly enhanced the plant growth, population and grain yield of greengram. and blackgram over the other chemicals and an untreated control.
BIO-EFFICACY OF NEEM OIL AND DELTAMETHRIN AGAINST SPOTTED BOLL WORM Earias vittella (Fab.) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) ON COTTON (MCU 5)
Authors:   ,Fredrick Inst.. of Plant Protection and Toxicology,Padappai 601 301 Tamil Nadu., . SAMUTHIRAVELU , B.V DAVID ,   ,Fredrick Inst.. of Plant Protection and Toxicology,Padappai 601 301 Tamil Nadu.
Published: September 2023

A study was carried out to test the bio-efficacy of neem oil at 0.10 to 0.50 per cent concentrations alone and in combination with the pyrethroid deltamethrin (0.09% ) on cotton CMCN 5) under field condition during winter 1986-1987. Deltamethrin (0.09%) was the most effiective treatment in minimising shoot, square, bolls, kapas and loculi infestation due to E. vittella. The next best treatments were neem oil at 0.5% alone and combinations of neem oll 0.30, 0.40 and 0.50% with deltamethrin 0.09%. Deltamethrin 0.09% spray recorded the maximum yield. Deltamethrin in com- bination with neem oil recorded higher yield than neem oil alone. Yield loss was minimum in detalmethrin 0.09% alone. Deltamethrin 0.09% alone can be used for effective control of bollworms and realising appreciably high yield of kapas. Addition of neem oil and deltamethrin spray fluid has not conferred any additional benefits.
WEED CONTROL IN SPANISH BUNCH GROUNDNUT UNDER IRRIGATED CONDITIONS
Authors:   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003 Tamilnadu, A MOHAMED ALI , R SUNDHAKARA RAO ,   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003 Tamilnadu
Published: September 2023

Experiments indicated that pre-emergence application of either fluchloralin (0.75 kg a.i/ha) or pendimethalin (1.okg a.i/ha) followed by one hand weeding were effective in controlling predominant annual grass weeds Echinoclos colonum, Dactyloctenium aegyptium and Panicum ripens and for achieving pod yields in groundnut irrigated by canal water on red sandy loam, soils of Tamil Nadu.
YIELD, WATER USE AND NUTRIENTS UPTAKE OF WHEAT AS INFLUENCED BY SOWING TIME, IRRIGATION AND NITROGEN LEVELS.
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Engineering,Indian Institute Technology,Kharagpur 721 302, S.S PARIHAR , R.S TRIPATHI ,   Department of Agricultural Engineering,Indian Institute Technology,Kharagpur 721 302
Published: September 2023

A field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India to evaluate the effects of nitrogen and irrigation levels under different sowing times on wheat during winter seasons (November-March) of 1978-79 and 1979-80. The grain yield was highest when sowing was done during the second fortnight of November. Delaying the sowing beyond 30th November resulted in decreased yields. Early sowing also produced significantly less yield as compared to normal sowing time. Grain yield Increased significantly upto 100 kg N/ha. Irrigations scheduled at 0.8 IW/CPE ratio recorded the highest grain yield. Nitrogen uptake was. maximum when sown at normal time. Water-use efficiency (WUE) decreased with increase in IW/CPE ratio from 0.8 to 1.0. Nonetheless, relatively more moisture was extracted from the upper layer at 1.0 IW/CPE ratio as compared to 0.6 and 0.8 ratios. However, soil moisture extraction from deeper layer was comparatively more under 0.6 IW/CPE than under 0.8 and 1.0. Application of nitrogen favoured the extraction of soil moisture from deeper layer.
Co 1-A DROUGHT TOLERANT BLOU BUFFEL GRASS
Authors:   Department of Forage Crops, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, SUBRAMANIAN SUKANYA , N SIVASAMY ,   Department of Forage Crops, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, S.R SREERANGASAMY ,   Department of Forage Crops, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, L.D VIJENDRADAS ,   Department of Forage Crops, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, P VAIDYANATHAN ,   Department of Forage Crops, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, S SURESH ,   Department of Forage Crops, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003
Published: September 2023

A search and study of the Cenchrus germplasm collection resulted in the identification of FS-391, a genotype from Vellakoil taluk of Coimbatore district. It has high green fodder yielding potential of 40 t/ha/yr under rainfed condition with higher DM and CP yield than C.ciliaris and C.glaucus Local. It was identified to be a type of C.glaucus being an aneuploid (2n=42) and an obligate apomict.
História nas histórias: sequências didáticas literárias para o ensino de História Antig
Authors: Menger Amanda da Silva
Published: September 2023

O presente trabalho é parte de uma pesquisa de doutorado iniciada em 2022. O objetivo é elaborar materiais didáticos que permitam aos professores do ensino básico utilizarem a Literatura como fonte e
Acquiring skills in basketball through observational learning
Authors: D. Panganiban Teejay , H. San Miguel Michael
Published: September 2023

With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic requiring us to practice social or physical distancing, the concept of observational learning has become particularly relevant. This learning process involves observing others, retaining the information, and replicating the observed behaviors later. This research determined the skill acquisition in Basketball through observational learning of pre-service teachers at Batangas State University JPLPC-Malvar to determine its implications for teaching physical education. It specifically addressed the respondents' profile in terms of sex, program, GWA, and socio-economic status significant relationship between the respondents' profile and their skill acquisition in Basketball through observational learning. This descriptive-correlational study was conducted to assess the 89 students enrolled in the College of Teacher Education program at the Batangas State University JPLPC-Malvar campus. An adequate number of respondents and an appropriate sampling technique are adopted to produce a valid and reliable result. Using a self-made questionnaire and appropriate statistical measures, the results revealed that the respondents are greatly female, mostly from Bachelor of Secondary Education, belong to the Superior Group, and have a middle income. Chi-Square revealed that sex, program, GWA, and socio-economic status have significant relationships when correlated to their encountered challenges. The above-mentioned findings recommend using multimedia or video demonstrating skills in physical education classes to train the students' skills and strengthen the use of observational learning and conducting a webinar that focuses on how we can learn Basketball through observational learning.
The effect of a goalkeeper's quiet eye training and without goalkeeper training against the accuracy of kicks on goal
Authors: Alficandra Alficandra , Henjilito Raffly , Yani Ahmad , Zulkifli Zulkifli , Makorohim M. Fransazeli
Published: September 2023

Based on the facts on the ground, one of the causes of the less-than-optimal achievements achieved is caused by the lack of accuracy of the player's kick to the opponent's goal. This study aims to analyze the differences in the effect of training using the goalkeeper's quiet eye and training using the quiet eye without the goalkeeper on the accuracy of kicks on the goal.  This research is quantitative research with quasi-experimental methodsThis research was conducted at the Tuanku Tambusai stadium, the population of PSBS Kampar, Riau Province, with a sample of 28 soccer players obtained using purposive sampling. The research instrument used to measure the accuracy of kicks to goal in this study is Loughborough Soccer Shooting (LSST). The data analysis technique used the T-test at a significance level (α) 0.05. The study showed a significant difference between the goalkeeper's quiet eye training method and the quiet eye without the goalkeeper on shooting accuracy in PSBS Kampar.  The T-test results the experimental group obtained a T count = 4.224 > T table = 2.021 and a sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000 < 0.05, that the training quiet eye increases the accuracy of shooting results.
Improvement of serum cortisol levels in obese female college students after moderate-intensity acute exercise
Authors: Puspitorini Wahyuningtyas , Soemardiawan Soemardiawan , Annamayra Ajeng , Suharto Taufik Hidayat , Pranoto Adi
Published: September 2023

Obesity is a condition that can cause metabolic stress by activating the HPA axis, which impacts increasing stress levels characterized by increased cortisol secretion. The present research aims to investigate the impact of moderate-intensity acute exercise on decreasing cortisol levels among obese female students. A true-experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design was utilized to conduct the study. A total of 20 female students between the ages of 20 and 23, with a BMI ranging from 25-28 kg/m2, voluntarily participated in the research. The participants were divided into two groups: control (n=10) and exercise (n=10) - the latter group being exposed to moderate-intensity acute exercise once as an intervention, with 40-minute sessions and an intensity level of 60-70% HRmax using the Treadmill Life Fitness equipment. The serum cortisol levels were measured through the ELISA 30 minutes pre-exercise and 6 hours post-exercise. The collected data were analyzed using an independent sample t-test with a 5% significance level. The study's findings will help compare the mean serum cortisol levels between the control and exercise groups.  Based on the results of the study, it was found it can be concluded that moderate-intensity acute exercise carried out for 40 minutes/exercise session was effective in reducing serum cortisol levels in obese female students. We recommend exercise to overcome stress-related metabolic health problems in individuals with obesity.
Combination of plyometric and ladder drill: Its impact on improving speed, agility, and leg muscle power in badminton
Authors: Labib Siena Ar Rasyid Muhammad , Wiriawan Oce , Siantoro Gigih , Ardy Kusuma Donny , Rusdiawan Afif
Published: September 2023

This research aims to determine the impact of a combination of plyometric and ladder drill training methods in increasing leg muscle speed, agility, and power. This research is a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental type and uses a nonequivalent control group design. Purposive sampling technique was used from 36 trained male students aged 12-16 years old from junior high school 1 to 36 years old badminton students. The research subjects were divided into three groups, namely TR (tuck jump-double leg run), SH (squat jump-double leg hop), and C (conventional exercise), which were divided using matched ordinal pairing. Each group consists of twelve students doing treatment with a frequency of three days a week for six weeks. The research instruments used were the 30-meter sprint, agility T-test, and Jump MD. Data collection was carried out twice during the pretest and posttest. Data analysis techniques using Manova and post hoc tests. The Manova test results showed significant differences in the three groups' increasing speed, agility, and leg muscle power simultaneously. The post hoc test showed that the TR and SH groups differed significantly from the C group (p<0.05).
The comparison between the influence of rehaencalina-rehaencalina-torso (RRT) and rehaencalina-bench press-torso (RBT) training on javelin throwing ability
Authors: Atssam Mappanyukki Andi , Sumaryanto Sumaryanto , Setyo Kriwanto Erwin , Mappaompo M. Adam , Purwanto Didik
Published: September 2023

Explosive power athletes are a significant requirement in javelin throwing. Increasing the explosive power of the arm requires proper training, including using rehaencalina exercises. This study aimed to determine the modification of rehaencalina exercises to improve the ability to throw javelins. This research uses the Experiment method, which uses a two-group pretest-posttest design. The sample in this study was 18 javelin throw athletes from Makassar State University. The research instrument used a javelin-throwing ability test. Data analysis was processed using descriptive test statistics, normality test, homogeneity test, and Anakova test. The results found a comparison of the effects of the two treatment groups on the variable javelin throwing ability, resulting in an average javelin throwing ability between exercises showing an increase in javelin throwing ability seen from the average increase in test results. The average javelin throwing ability for both groups showed that group 1 of the Rehaencalina-Rehaencalina-Torso (R-R-T) exercise resulted in a better improvement in javelin throwing ability than group 2 of the Rehanecalina-Bench Press-Torso (R-B-T) exercise. This study concludes that arm power explosiveness modification exercises with Rehaencalina exercises can improve javelin throwing ability. The results of this study can be a foothold to pay attention to the physical component in improving sports skills.
Hypoglycemic activity of ethanol leaf extract of Grona trifloral in alloxan induced diabetic mice
Authors: Sonne Ikechukwu Mbagwu  , Daniel Ikechukwu Oraekei  , Loveth Chioma Onah
Published: September 2023

Diabetes is metabolic disease characterized by elevated level of blood glucose, which leads over time to serious damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys and nerves. Diabetes can be type 1, type 2 or gestational. Attention is now being diverted to natural remedies such as herbs. This study investigated the anti-diabetic properties of Grona trifloral ethanol extract using mice diabetic model. Ethanol extract of the leaf of Grona trifloral was prepared by cold maceration and analyzed for its phytochemical components. The acute toxicity of the extract was determined. Diabetes was induced by intraperitonial injection of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg). A total of 25 mice with evidence of diabetes were randomized into 5 groups of five rats each and treated as follows: Group 1 (normal control), group 2 (diabetic control), group 3 (metformin, 100 mg/kg) and groups 4 and 5 (1/5 and 1/20 of leaf extracts LD50) respectively. Fasting blood glucose levels were determined using Glucometer on stipulated days. At the end of the experiments, LD50 ˃ 5,000 mg/kg body weight and the phytochemicals present in Grona trifloral were alkaloids, flavonoids, reducing sugars, proteins, tannins, triterpenoids and glycosides. There were significant (p ˂ 0.05) dose dependent percentage decreases in glucose levels in the groups treated with Grona trifloral leaf extract. In conclusion, Grona trifloral ethanol leaf extract had dose dependent increase in anti-hyperglycemic effects and at the highest tested dose of 500 mg/kg body weight, Grona trifloral hypoglycemic activities surpassed that of metformin (a standard anti-diabetic drug).
Intracardiac Induced Ventricular Fibrillation for the Euthanasia of Sheep
Authors: Barka Noah D , Smith Julie W , Shoyama Fernanda Miyagaki , Howard Brian T
Published: September 2023

Euthanasia is the humane termination of an animal's life and an important consideration for scientists, veterinarians, regulators, and others contemplating investigations involving animals. Techniques for euthanasia must induce the most rapid, painless, and distress-free death
possible. This study investigated the effectiveness of direct current induction of ventricular fibrillation for the euthanasia of sheep after a primary study in which artifacts or chemical contamination from injectable euthanasia agents were undesirable. Female crossbred adult sheep (Ovis
aries; n = 12) under deep isoflurane general anesthesia were instrumented with electrophysiology catheters to induce ventricular fibrillation for euthanasia. Data regarding invasive arterial blood pressure, expired airway gases, limb lead electrocardiograms, and pulse oximetry were
collected and assessed just prior to, immediately after, and at 5, 10, 15, and 20min after energy delivery. In all animals, a single 10−s application of 9V of direct current to the right ventricular endocardium via the electrophysiology catheter induced persistent ventricular fibrillation.
Arterial blood pressure (mean ± 1 SD) immediately after fibrillation induction was 22.9±4.5mmHg, with negligible difference between systolic and diastolic pressures. The lack of differential pressure continued through the end of the monitoring period. Arterial blood pressure
reached an initial nadir at 1??0.5min after fibrillation induction, peaked (40.8±11.1mmHg) due to a vasoconstrictive reflex at 3min after induction, and returned to a static uniform pressure (20.4±17.8mmHg) with mildly increased variability due to reflexive diaphragmatic contractions
at 10min after induction. The use of 9V direct current for the induction of ventricular fibrillation via an electrophysiology catheter is a reliable method of euthanasia in sheep.
L-lisin sulphate in broiler feeding
Authors:   FSBSI Federal Scientific Center “All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute” (FSC ARRTPI), Moscow region, Russia, Yegorov Ivan , Andrianova Yelena ,   FSBSI Federal Scientific Center “All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute” (FSC ARRTPI), Moscow region, Russia, Zhivina Nadezhda ,   “Premix Enterpise No. 1” SAS, Belgorod region, Russia, Balanovsky Alexey ,   “Premix Enterpise No. 1” SAS, Belgorod region, Russia
Published: September 2023

The feed industry in the manufacture of balanced full-fledged compound feeds for poultry to ensure the regulatory content of lysine most often uses synthetic lysine monochlorohydrate, a significant disadvantage of which is the presence of chlorine. The problem of excessive chlorine content in the diet is solved using lysine sulfate. The article is devoted to the evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of liquid form of lysine sulfate in the feeding of broiler chickens, obtained using an improved technology that provides a higher yield of lysine.
Improvement of sample preparation method for Proteus genus bacteria isolation in poultry slaughtering products for example of mechanically deboned meat
Authors:   “All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Poultry Processing Industry” — the branch of FSC ARRTPI (ARSRIPPI), Moscow region, Russia, Kozak Sergey
Published: September 2023

Presence of Proteus genus bacteria is determined necessarily in 1 and 0.1 g of product in the research of microbial deterioration dynamics in chilled ready-to-cook and ready-to-eat and catering poultry meat products in ac- cordance to MUK 4.2.1847-04. The research task has been improvement of sample preparation method for microbiolog- ic analysis for Proteus genus bacteria isolation in 1 g sample. The possibility has been established to use the next method for Proteus vulgaris isolation: sowing 1 g sample on liquid selective medium and incubation in 36±1oC temperature during 48 hours with the following research of cultures isolated cultural and biochemical properties.
Meat characteristics of broiler breast bones mechanical deboning with different product output (microstructure, sensory evaluation)
Authors:   “All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Poultry Processing Industry” — the branch of FSC ARRTPI (ARSRIPPI), Moscow region, Russia, Rudneva Lyudmila , Tararova Ksenia ,   “All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Poultry Processing Industry” — the branch of FSC ARRTPI (ARSRIPPI), Moscow region, Russia, Pchelkina Victoria ,   FSBSI “Federal Research Center for Food Systems named after V.M. Gorbatov” (FSBSI “FRC for Food Systems named after V.M. Gorbatov” RAS), Moscow, Russia, Derina Daria ,   “All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Poultry Processing Industry” — the branch of FSC ARRTPI (ARSRIPPI), Moscow region, Russia
Published: September 2023

Mechanically deboned poultry meat (MDPM) is high-grade raw material for different foods production. Pro- ducers use press pressure increasing for higher MDPM yield. Meat tissues destruction degree and structure are different depending on pressure. MDPM tissues proportions and structure definition with different press pressure are given in the paper. Sensory analysis has been used for evaluation of MDPM samples being received. It is possible that product micro- structural characteristics study will be the base of this meat division in quality categories.
Mindful Eating is More Effective to Beat Emotional Eating than Nutrition Education and Diet: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: İNÖZÜ İrem , KÖSE Gizem
Published: September 2023

Purpose: Mindful eating have a potential in addressing problematic eating behaviors and focusing the challenges often faced in food consumption. In this study, we conducted a randomized controlled trial that incorporated both mindful eating, including nutritional education with an energy-restricted diet. The aim is to contribute to the literature by revealing the comparative effectiveness of these approaches in alleviating problematic eating behaviors.

Methods: This prospective randomized controlled study was conducted between January-April 2021 with 70 participants without chronic disease. Our study was approved by Ethics Committee of the Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University. A questionnaire form that examined demographic data and Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ-30), Turkish Emotional Appetite Questionnaire (TEAQ) were applied as pre-test and post-test of the interventions. Interventions were conducted in the groups as diet and education groups, also with control group. Anthropometric variables were reported by participants.

Results: Mean age of our participants was 33.40±12.27 years. Participant who had the education compared to the diet and control groups, had higher scores in physical activity (p
About the duplication of news in the Ipatiev and Novgorod Chronicles: on the example of news under 6742 from the Ipatiev Chronicle and under 6745 from the Novgorod First and Fourth Chronicles
Authors: Jung-Hyun Choi
Published: September 2023

The author studies the problem of the double registration of chronicle's record in the under the year 6742 (1234 AD) in the Hypatian Codex and under the year 6747 (1239) in the Hovgorod First and Fourth chronicles in the period of feudal division and analyze the historic-political conjunction in the time of princely war at the beginning of 13th century through the written records in the various chronicles.
Beyond the Matrix: Using Multi-Agent-Reinforcement Learning and Behavioral Experiments to Study Social-Ecological Systems
Authors: Hertz Uri , Koster Raphael , Janssen Marco , Leibo Joel Z.
Published: September 2023

Social-ecological systems, in which agents interact with each other and their environment are important both for sustainability applications and for understanding how human cognition functions in context. In such systems, the environment shapes the agents’ experience and actions, and in turn collective action of agents changes social and physical aspects of the environment. Here we review current investigation approaches, which rely on a lean design, with discrete actions and outcomes and little scope for varying environmental parameters and cognitive demands. We then introduce multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) approach, which builds on modern artificial intelligence techniques, which provides new avenues to model complex social worlds, while preserving more of their characteristics, and allowing them to capture a variety of social phenomena. These techniques can be fed back to the laboratory where they make it easier to design experiments in complex social situations without compromising their tractability for computational modeling. We showcase the potential MARL by discussing several recent studies that have used it, detailing the way environmental settings and cognitive constraints can lead to the emergence of complex cooperation strategies. This novel approach can help researchers bring together insights from human cognition, sustainability, and AI, to tackle real world problems of social-ecological systems.
Hidup Sehat Melalui "GERMAS"
Authors: Qosim Nanang
Published: September 2023

Kesehatan merupakan hal yang sangat mendasar yang tak ternilai bagi individu dan masyarakat, bangsa dan negara. Namun, dalam beberapa dekade terakhir, kita telah menyaksikan tren yang mengkhawatirkan dalam pola kesehatan global. Penyakit-penyakit kronis seperti diabetes, penyakit jantung, dan kanker semakin melonjak, dan beberapa penyakit yang lain, tentu hal ini menyebabkan problem kesehatan semakin meningkat. Salah satu faktor penyebab utama adalah gaya hidup yang buruk, yang seringkali disebabkan oleh kurangnya perhatian terhadap aspek promotif dan preventif dalam dunia kesehatan.Oleh karena itu di bidang kesehatan perlu kiranya menggeser paradigma berpikir masyarakat dari mengobati menjadi mencegah agar tidak sakit dengan mengubah perilaku sakit menjadi sehat. Artinya, sudah saatnya kita beralih menuju pendekatan yang lebih proaktif, yaitu pendekatan promotif dan preventif. Ini adalah langkah yang tepat mengingat tantangan kesehatan yang semakin kompleks dan hal ini sejalan dengan berbagai permasalahan yang menyebabkan angka kesakitan tinggi karena faktor gaya hidup yang buruk dengan tidak memperhatikan prinsip dalam kesehatan sebagai penyebabnya.
The Basal Forebrain Serves Social Information Processing
Authors: Sobczak Alexandra , Bunzeck Nico
Published: September 2023

Empirical evidence suggests a critical, but little understood, contribution of the basal forebrain (BF) to motivational aspects of social cognition. Therefore, we review the current literature on reward and punishment processing in the BF, including social information, in both animals and more recently human imaging studies. This also includes interactions with other subcortical structures, especially the ventral striatum and substantia nigra / ventral tegmental area, which are part of the mesolimbic system. Importantly, the BF typically degenerates during healthy aging and shows abnormalities in autistic spectrum disorders, which may help to further understand its role in social information processing. Finally, we suggest a model of cortical and subcortical social information processing (CASSI) bringing together BF contributions in concert with the dopaminergic midbrain, medial temporal lobe and prefrontal cortex to promote social cognition.
A Future Beyond Ourselves: Can Self-Oriented Prospection Motivate Intergenerational Beneficence?
Authors: Law Kyle Fiore , Syropoulos Stylianos , Coleman Matthew B , Young Liane
Published: September 2023

Across ten high-powered studies (N = 11,261 US participants), we investigate, for the first time, the interplay between self-oriented prospection and responsibility for future generations, shedding light on theoretical and practical implications for future-thinking and ethical decision-making. In a reanalysis of existing data, four primary and six supplemental studies, and an internal meta-analysis, we consistently observe a connection between Future Self-Continuity (FSC, i.e., the amount of overlap people perceive between their present and future selves) and Consideration of Future Consequences (CFC, i.e., thinking about how present actions impact one’s own future) with increased feelings of responsibility for, perceived efficacy to impact, and identification with future generations. Drawing upon insights from behavioral economics and Construal Level Theory, our results begin to reconcile the disparate literatures on the adaptive functions of self-oriented personal future-thinking and other-oriented collective future-thinking and offer insights for efforts to improve long-term collective welfare.
Risky Hybrid Foraging: The Impact of Risk, Reward Value, and Prevalence on Foraging Behavior in Hybrid Visual Search
Authors: Liu Yanjun , Wolfe Jeremy , Trueblood Jennifer S
Published: September 2023

In hybrid foraging, foragers search for multiple targets in multiple patches throughout the foraging session, mimicking a range of real-world scenarios. This research varies the riskiness of each selection, the potential rewards and the prevalence of different types of risk in a human hybrid foraging task. Our empirical findings show a consistent tendency towards risk-averse behavior in hybrid foraging. That is, people display a preference for certainty and actively avoid taking risks. While altering the prevalence or reward value of the risky targets does influence people’s aversion to risk, the overall effect of risk remains dominant. Additionally, simulation results suggest that the observed risk-averse strategy is suboptimal and prevents foragers from maximizing their overall returns.
Development of a Monte Carlo approach to estimate the statistical power of correlation differences
Authors: Blötner Christian
Published: September 2023

Correlation difference tests might belong to the most underrated statistical techniques but receive comparatively little attention in social sciences. For instance, this technique can be used to test correlations against thresholds above or below which construct validity is or is not assumed, to examine replicability of correlations between samples, or to identify jingle or jangle fallacies by means of distinct relations with important criteria. The present study demonstrates potentials and outlines exemplary opportunities in which correlation difference tests can be used. Due to a lack of consideration for statistical power in pertinent software solutions, Monte Carlo simulation approaches were developed for different forms of correlation difference tests and implemented them in the R package diffcor. The resultant Monte Carlo approach was then applied to fictitious scenarios for the analyses of (a) the deviation of a given correlation coefficient from a fixed threshold, (b) the comparison between correlation coefficients observed in two independent samples, and (c) the comparison of two dependent correlation coefficients. In conclusion, employing statistically well-powered correlation difference tests requires a series of a priori assumptions. Considering these aspects prior to carelessly conducting respective analyses, however, promotes more robust research.
The origin of the term, "co-speech gesture"
Authors: Kita Sotaro
Published: September 2023

This preprint describes where and when the term "co-speech" gesture originated. The term "co-speech gesture" initially appeared in 1994 and 1995 publications by Adam Kendon and in the Annual Report of 1994 activities of the Gesture Project at Max Planck Institute of Psycholinguistics, which Sotaro Kita wrote. Given that Adam Kendon was visitor in the Gesture Project in 1993-1994, it seems likely that the term, “co-speech gesture” originated, or at least it was “given life”, among the scholars associated with the Gesture Project at Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in 1993 and 1994.
Examining the cognitive and perceptual perspectives of music-to-language transfer: A study of Cantonese-English bilingual children
Authors: Choi William , Lai Veronica Ka Wai , Kong Siu Hang , Bautista Alfredo
Published: September 2023

Motivated by theories of music-to-language transfer, we investigated whether and how musicianship benefits phonological and lexical prosodic awareness in first language (L1) Cantonese and second language (L2) English. We assessed 86 Cantonese-English bilingual children on rhythmic sensitivity, pitch sensitivity, non-verbal intelligence, inhibitory control, working memory, Cantonese phonological awareness, Cantonese tone awareness, English phonological awareness, and English stress awareness. Based on their prior music learning experience, we classified the children as musicians and non-musicians. The musicians performed better than the non-musicians on Cantonese phonological awareness, Cantonese tone awareness, and English phonological awareness. Additionally, the musicians had superior pitch sensitivity, non-verbal intelligence, inhibitory control, and working memory than the non-musicians. For Cantonese and English phonological awareness, neither cognitive abilities nor pitch and rhythmic sensitivities turned out to be unique predictors. However, working memory uniquely predicted Cantonese tone awareness, with age, rhythmic sensitivity, and pitch sensitivity controlled. From a theoretical perspective, our findings on Cantonese tone awareness favors the cognitive perspective of music-to-language transfer, in which working memory enhancement could explain the musicians’ superior performance in Cantonese tone awareness. However, our findings on phonological awareness do not favor the cognitive perspective, nor do they favor the perceptual perspective, in which enhanced rhythmic and pitch sensitivities could explain musicians’ advantage.
Fast-forward to boredom: How switching behaviour on digital media makes people more bored
Authors: Tam Katy Yuen Yan , Inzlicht Michael
Published: September 2023

Boredom is unpleasant, with people going to great lengths to avoid it. One way to escape boredom and increase stimulation is to consume digital media, for example watching short videos on YouTube or TikTok. One common way that people watch these videos is to switch between videos and fast-forward through them, a form of viewing we call digital switching. Here, we hypothesize that people consume media this way to avoid boredom, but this behaviour paradoxically intensifies boredom. Across seven experiments (total N = 1,223; six pre-registered), we found a bidirectional, causal relationship between boredom and digital switching. When participants were bored, they switched (Study 1); and they believed that switching would help them avoid boredom (Study 2). Switching between videos (Study 3) and within video (Study 4), however led not to less boredom, but more boredom; it also reduced satisfaction, reduced attention, and lowered meaning. Even when participants had the freedom to watch videos of personal choice and interest on YouTube, digital switching still intensified boredom (Study 5). However, when examining digital switching with online articles and with non-university samples, the findings were less conclusive (Study 6), potentially due to factors such as opportunity cost (Study 7). Overall, our findings suggest that attempts to avoid boredom through digital switching may sometimes inadvertently exacerbate it. When watching videos, enjoyment likely comes from immersing oneself in the videos rather than swiping through them.
Differences in biological motion perception associated with hearing status and age of signed language exposure
Authors: Willis Athena S. , Leannah Carly , Schwenk Melody , Palagano Joseph , Quandt Lorna C
Published: September 2023

This study investigates how American Sign Language (ASL) fluency and hearing status influence the perception of biological motion, using three point-light display (PLD) tasks. Prior research indicates that early exposure to ASL among deaf signers results in more rapid and effortless recognition of biological motion than hearing non-signers, potentially due to the expertise in deciphering complex human movements or possibly due to neuroplasticity in deaf brains. However, it remains uncertain whether this advantage stems from signed language proficiency or the experience of being deaf. To explore this, we designed three PLD tasks involving viewing randomly moving dots, identifying a person from biological motion PLDs, and determining whether right-side-up and inverted PLDs depict actions involving a ball. A diverse cohort of participants (N = 224) with varying ASL fluencies and hearing statuses completed the tasks online, providing us with reaction time and accuracy data. Our results demonstrate that earlier ASL exposure is associated with accuracy, especially on complex action identification tasks. Furthermore, we discovered robust evidence for a speed-accuracy tradeoff in deaf participants, in which they performed more quickly but less accurately. The speed-accuracy tradeoff was evident in the most difficult task, the action identification task. Further analysis of this deaf group revealed that earlier signed language acquisition led to higher accuracy in action identification task. We conclude that age of ASL exposure and hearing status both significantly contribute to variations in biological motion perception, with implications for understanding visual expertise and cognitive processing in both deaf and signing populations.