bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NOTES ON LARVA OF EUCHAETES EGLE, Clem
Authors: French G. H.
Published: February 2010

On July 5th, 1884, several larvæ of this species were handed me by a neighbor, who had found them feeding on Asclepias quadrifolia gorwing in the yard. They were just ready to pass the last moult, evidently leaving the plant for the purpose of moulting; some of them being found on a fence attracted the notice of the person finding them. As found they were .55 of an inch long; body brownish balck, each joint with eight tubercles from which project tufts of hairs. Those from the four dorsal, on joints 2 and 3, are long and black, part of those on joint 4 are white; the posterior three joints also supporting long tufts. The dorsal tufts between these are ochre colored, about a third as long as the anterior or posterior, and bend towards the centre from each side. the lower tufts on the anterior part of the body are gray, the rest balck. Head black.
NOTE ON CHALCOGRAPHA SCALARIS, LeConte
Authors: Hagen H. A.
Published: February 2010

I may give an addition to my note (June, No. 6, p. 120, 1884). During the last seventeen years this beetle has never been rare in Cambridge, Mass., but never so overwhelmingly common as this year. As this elegant beetle was the first I had collected here in October, 1867, it had become my pet, and I paid some attention to it every year. This year it was very common on a long board fence in Ware St., which I have to pass four times every day. The fence surrounds a large garden with many elm trees near. when I heard that the beetle had been very destructive to elm trees in some places on the north side of the College grounds, and that it had nearly denuded some trees in Sommerville, I gave closer attention to it. Till June the leaves of the elms in Ware St. were comparatively uninjured. Then appeared the second brood of larvæ, and very soon the leaves were honeycombed with more or less round holes, and turned yellow prematurely. The larvæ were first described by Harris, Injur. Ins., 1841, and the same repeated in all following editions; the edition of 1862 gives a figure of the larva and beetles.
REMARKS ON CHRYSOMELA SCALARIS, Lec., CHRYSOMELA LABYRINTHICA, Lec., AND PHYSONOTA UNIPUNCTA, Say
Authors: Caulfield F. B.
Published: February 2010

Chrysomela labyrinthica, Lec. This insect is, I believe, by some entomologists thought to be a variety of C. scalaris, Lec. I incline myself to the belief that it is a distinct species, but my knowledge of it is too limited for me to form a decided opinion. Both forms occur here; scalaris is common wherever basswood or elm are found; labyrinthica is scarce, and as far as my experience goes, is confined to one locality, viz., that portion of the Mountain Park lying between the head of Redpath Street and the road through the Park. I have only found labyrinthica during the early part of summer; scalaris occurs both in spring and fall. Mr. Moffat, who records labyrinthica from Hamilton (Can. Ent., vol. xiv., page 57), took a specimen on May 23rd, and found its season to last about four weeks, during which he took over a dozen. It appears to be very rare, and is in very few lists. Mr. Pettit does not give it in his Grimsby List. Mr. D'Urban records scalaris common at Montreal, but does not mention labyrinthica. The same author, in his list from the Valley of the River Rouge, gives scalaris as “abundant on alders throughout the district, from the end of June to the end of September,” but says nothing of labyrinthica. Mr. Ritchie gives both scalaris and labyrinthica in his Montreal List, but without dates.
SPINNING CATERPILLARS
Authors: Clarkson Frederick
Published: February 2010

Milton, when he wrote of Nature's bounty, and referred to the . . . . “Millions of spinning worms That in their green shops weave the smooth-haid'd silk,” had thoughts no doubt of the obedience due from Nature's subjects to Nature's King. A work ordered and a work performed. Were men as loyal to their King, what a garment of righteousness would each man weave wherein to appear, amid the flood-light at the Court on high! The caterpillar, at the sighing of the antumnal wind, enfolds itself in its silken shroud, preparatory to a winged flight, leaving to the world the record of a life well spent—an unbroken thlead of duty done: a treasury of silk to deck the sons of men “In courts, in feasts, and high solemnities.”
WEEVIL VERSUS CURCULIO
Authors: Devereaux W. L.
Published: February 2010

Curculio is an ancient Roman word, not at all used to denote a plum insect. It is slightly difficult to pronounce, and it certainly fails to inform the popular mind as clearly as the suggestive oid Anglo-Saxon word, “weevil.”

Weevil, in its original and right use, designates only insects of the snout-beetle kinds, like the plum weevil, bean and pea weevils, corn or granary weevil, rice, pine, nut, water, and other weevils. Perhaps the only erroneous use of weevil made in this country was with the little yellow maggot of the wheat fly.
NOTES ON A FEW SPECIES OF COLEOPTERA WHICH ARE CONFUSED IN MANY COLLECTIONS, AND ON SOME INTRODUCED EUROPEAN SPECIES
Authors: Hamilton John
Published: February 2010

In exchanging Coleoptera it is common to find many erroneous determinations of species. While these errors are for the most part individual, several are wide spread and seem to be perpetuated by tradition from the older collectious. The object of this paper principally is to direct attention to a few of the latter.

1. Triplax thoracica Say, and T. flavicollis Lac. These species are often found in colonies feeding together on the same fungus, and have the same appearance. The separation of mature specimens is easy, the under side of thoracica being entirely rufous, while the metathorax and abdomen of flavicollis are black or piceous.
CERATOCAMPA (CITHERONIA) REGALIS, Fab.
Authors: Hamilton John
Published: February 2010

In the first number of this volume one of your contributors, Mr. Clarkson, writing about Citheronia regalis, infers that the moth always appears about the end of May, regardless of the time at which the larva enters the earth, and that it is the habit of the pupa to work out of the earth and lay on the surface of the ground during the winter. The first statement is correct in a certain sense. The insect in question is not uncommon here, and I have had them in numbers. Take a larva captured the first week in August and another the last in September, and allow them to pupate in the same box and to remain together—they will disclose within a day or two of each other; but whether at the last of May or at some other time, depends on the temperature at which they have been kept. Keep the pupa of the one taken in August at a temperature a few degrees lower than that of the September one, and it will disclose much later, perhaps about the time the offspring of the other are entering the earth. I had one pupa that did not disclose till June of the second year. The time of development seems to largely depend on the temperature that surrounds the pupa—a fact that is well known.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NOTES
Authors: Fischer Ph.
Published: February 2010

I have often read articles about keeping parasites out of cabinets, and have seen in many entomological papers different remedies suggested to keep them from destroying, in a very short time, even the largest collection. I will now add my own experience, and remedy which always proved to be efficient during my 14 years' collecting, in which time I have not even lost one specimen. It will especially prove of interest to the beginner. In the first place I would advise all those who cannot afford a large cabinet with good fitting drawers, to go to any good joiner and have some boxes made after the following pattern: Take the lumber about three-sixteenth inch thick for top and bottom, for the sides quarter of an inch. Have the box about 15 inches long by 12 inches wide, and 4 inches thick outside measure, and shape it book form, the bottom and top a quarter of an inch projecting. That portion which represents the cover of the book is cut into lengthwise, so as to make two receptacles, each about two inches high.
NOTES ON COLIAS CHRISTINA, Edwards
Authors: Lyman H. H.
Published: February 2010

Dr. Hagen, in his paper on the genus Colias, recently published, discussing the species described by Mr. Wm. H. Edwards under the name of C. Christina, comes to the conclusion that it is merely a variety of C. Edwardsii, which he regards as only a form of C. Interior, Scud., including also under the latter name. Emilia, Astrœa, Scudderi, Alexandra, Occidentalis, Harfordii and Laurentina.
NOTES ON THE TORTRICIDÆ
Authors: Fernald C. H.
Published: February 2010

At the time when my Catalogue of the Tortricidæ was published, I was inclined to believe that Cacœia transiturana Walk., and C. obsoletana Walk., were the same species, for they were taken in the same localities, and only females of the former and males of the latter species were to be found in collections.

Prof. Forbes has recently sent me two examples for determination, which he bred from two lots of leaf-rollers on the strawberry, in Illinois, and from each lot he obtained males and females, all the males being obsoletana, and all the females transiturana. We may, therefore, consider the question settled by Prof. Forbes, and these two insects are only the two sexes of our species, which should be known as Cacœcia obsoletana Walk.
SOME FRAGMENTS OF INSECT STATISTICS
Authors: Bean Thos. E.
Published: February 2010

Pupal Term of Arctia nais.

♀ found June 16, 1875, laying eggs in a depression in ground recently dug. Total number of eggs obtained about 500, 16th to 19th of June.

Larvæ began to appear June 24th. They were fed chiefly on Polygonum acre, and one or two species nearest allied to acre, partly on Polygonum aviculare, var. erectum, and partly on red clover.

Pupation began July 23rd, and continued daily to August 8th, inclusive; a few more pupæ formed to the 16th inclusive, when pupation practically ceased, Only 5 pupations occurred later; two about 20th of August, one about 1st of October, and two in the last ten days of October.
NOTES ON PEGOMYIA BICOLOR (Wiedemann), A LEAF-MINING FLY NEW TO CANADA
Authors: Fyles Thomas W.
Published: February 2010

Egg laid on the under side of the reaf of the Dock (Rumex obtusifolius). Newly hatched larva bites through to the upper surface of the parenchyma, and works under the epidermis, until the leaf presents a blistered appearance. sometimes three or four larvæ are found in one leaf.

Full-grown larva, four-tenths of an inch long, white, semi-transparent. Segments marked with greenish yellow. Head retractile, furnished with a snout-like process, the apparent use of which is to raise the epidermis as the creature feeds. Mouth set back. Alimentary canal visible under the microscope, also two ducts terminating in spout-like organs protruding from what appears to be the upper edge of the somewhat truncated last segment of the larva. The tuberculose spiracles on the second segment very conspicuous; on the third, less so, and so on diminishing.
THE SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST AMONG CERTAIN SPECIES OF PTEROSTICHUS AS DEDUCED FROM THEIR HABITS
Authors: Hamilton John
Published: February 2010

The ultimate extinction of many species of Coleoptera in the vicinity of large cities is unquestionable, especially of the larger Carabidæ. The conditions of life with some are such as admit of no adaptation to the methods of civilization, and for them no refuge from the encroachments of agriculture will eventually remain. They are now retiring, retiring, and in time the last goal will be reached. In localities where the population is becoming dense, and all land available placed under cultivation, many fine species that once were common are now rarities and others fast becoming so. It is less than half a century since Mr. Randall described eighty four species from localities in Maine and Massachusetts, most of them common; but, according to Mr. Austin, in the same places several of these species are now extinct and many of them have become rare.
ADDITIONS TO CANADIAN LISTS OF COLEOPTERA
Authors: Harrington W. Hague
Published: February 2010

My collections in this extensive family contain over ninety species, of which several are yet undetermined. The great similarity of the species in some genera and the variation in form and color of individuals in other groups render their determination difficult.

Donacia pubescens Lec. This species is readily distinguished by the dense pubesence of thc upper surface, which in our other species is of metallic lustre. It was described from a specimen taken by Dr. Le Conte at Smoky Hill river, while on the W. Pac. Ry. survey between kansas and New Mexico in 1867, (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Vol. 11, pg. 55.) It has since been recorded from Michigan and Buffalo. Four or tive specimens taken by Mr. Fletcher in a small swamp near the city, in 1878.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NOTES
Authors: Hanham A. W.
Published: February 2010

I have to record the capture of some Coleoptera in rather an unusual manner. Last week while out in the woods on one of my collecting tramps, I was attracted to an old stump by the glittering of something in the sun. Closer acquaintance did not at first solve the mystery; the bright object seemed to be buried among some debris. Further examination revealed the dried and withered remains of a small toad, the glitter being that of some Buprestidæ partly exposed in what was once the stomach of the defunct batrachian.
THE RASPBERRY SAW-FLY: Selandria rubi Harris
Authors: The Editor
Published: February 2010

This destructive insect appeared in great force during the past season in many parts of our Province, doing much damage to the foliage of raspberry plants. Although in form and habits the larva of this insect much resembles the currant worm, it is not nearly so well known, nor is it usually so promptly recognized. There are several reasons for this. The raspberry saw-fly does not appear in such flocks as the currant worm, because the eggs are laid singly and not often near together; nor is the larva easily detected owing to the fact that in color it so exactly resembles that of the leaf on which it feeds.
REMARKS ON SOME SPECIES OF COLEOPTERA, WITH SUPPLEMENTARY DESCRIPTIONS
Authors: Hamilton John
Published: February 2010

Many of the species of coleoptera have been described from single, or, at the most, two or three specimens; these often imperfect, immature, or with individual peculiarities. Owing to this, those who undertake to determine their insects by descriptions, even allowing a wide latitude of interpretation, are frequently in doubt and uncertainty. Where families and genera have passed through recent monographic review, the re-description of the species from better preserved or more abundant material usually obviates the difficulty, but enough still remain to give trouble.

Among these, the ones here introduced seem deserving of notice, as some further description is necessary for their identification without having recourse to friendly aid.
ADDITIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA
Authors: Provancher L.
Published: February 2010

In a lot of Hymenoptera captured in Vancouver Island, and sent me by Mr. Brodie from Toronto, I found the following new species:—

Ichneumon Vancouveriensis, nov. sp.

♂—Length, .62 inch. Black; face with four dots white, one on each side near the clypeus and one under each antenna. These entirely black and sub-moniliform. One dot on the alar scales with a line before and another one under, the collar, and scutellum, white. Wings slightly infuscated; the areolet pentagonal, the nervures black. Metathorax with the angles projecting, sub-spinose, the ventral area transverse, its anterior angles rounded. Legs black, the four anterior tibiæ with a white line exteriorly, the posterior with a smaller one near the base. Abdomen elongate, with the peduncle slender and punctured, entirely black. Vancouver.
ON THE RELATIONS OF FUNGI TO GALLS AND TO LARVÆ OF CECIDOMYIA LIVING IN GALLS
Authors: Thomas Friedrich
Published: February 2010

[This paper, an excellent addition to an excellent American paper by Mr. W. Trelease (Psyche, vol. iv., p. 195), is published in the Jrmischia, vol. v., No. 1, p. 4, 1885. As it will be difficult for American students to have access to this periodicar, I have translated the substance. Dr. Thomas has seen only the record of Mr. Trelease's paper in Botan. Centralblatt, xx., p. 356, by Dr. Ludwig.—H. A. Hagen.]

Larvæ of Cecidomyia living in the spore-layers of Uredineæ are also found in Thuringia, Germany. In fact the discovery of the community in the same layer of two otherwise very different parasites is at first somewhat wonderful and startling.
MONOGRAPH OF THE EMBIDINA
Authors: Hagen H. A.
Published: February 2010

1. Oligotoma Cubana, n. sp.

Olyntha? spec. larva. Hag. Synops. Neur. N. Amer., p. 7.

Olyntha Cubana, larva, imago, Hag. Psoc. Embid. Synops. Verh. Wien. Z. B. Gesell. 1866, p. 221, 223 (no description).

Olyntha Cubana, McLachl. Linn. Soc. Jour. Zool., vol. xiii., p. 381.

Male, dry. Length of body about 8 mill.; exp. of wings about 12 mill. Head light brown, little longer than broad, narrowed behind the eyes, convex above, without any impression, rounded at the sides, cut straight near prothorax; labrum large, paler, rounded; antennæ pale brown (only 13 joints present); 1st large, cylindrical; 2nd very short, as long as broad; 3rd as long as 1st, thinner, somewhat thicker at tip; all following similar but a little shorter; antennæ and head densely clothed with very pale hairs; maxillary palpi 5-jointed, pale brown, apical joint long, conical; labial palpi small; tip of mandibles black.
ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENERA OF CARABIDÆ ALONG A RIVER SYSTEM
Authors: Townsend C. H. T.
Published: February 2010

The St. Joseph River runs nearly diagonally through the township of Constantine, from N. E. to S. W. A small affluent, called Fawn River, empties into it at the point where the town itself is located.

The characteristic vegetation along the banks of the main river above town is beech, maple, elm, iron-wood, walnut, butternut, papaw, magnolia (or a tree very nearly allied), spice-bush, prickly-ash, sumach, witch-hazel, wild grape, ash, oak and hickory, with many quite rare and beautiful wild flowers, such as are found in rich and favorable places. But that of the affluent region is almost entirely oak and hickory (mostly oak), with hazel, sumach, a few poplars, willows, and in some places cedars, but with few wild flowers of any account. The cedars are also found upon the main river, both above and below town. This difference in vegetation is probably due to a difference in the nature of the soil, the lower and richer soil of parts of the main river producing a richer and more varied flora than the higher and poorer parts adjoining the affluent.
HISTORY OF THE PREPARATORY STAGES OF VANESSA MILBERTI, Godart
Authors: Edwards W. H.
Published: February 2010

EGG.—Conical, the base flattened, the top rounded; ribbed vertically, the ribs being either 8 or 9 in number; these rise from the surface at about one third distance from base, increase in elevation graduaily, and end at the summit about the little flattened space which contains the micropyle, with its rosette of minute reticulations; the ribs meet the summit at an angle of about 45°; in the last part of their course they are thin, and are grooved on both sides to the surface; between them are many fine horizontal striæ; color green. Duration of this stage probably 4 or 5 days.
ENTOMOLOGY AT BRIGANTINE BEACH, N. J., IN SEPTEMBER
Authors: Hamilton John
Published: February 2010

In the preceding volume of the Entomologist (vol. xvi., p. 186) an account is given of some of the Coleoptera found in September on Brigantine Beach, N. J.; and having been there this season from the 1st till the 18th of the same month, I propose to give a further account of some of the insects inhabiting that region.

Cicindela dorsalis Say is found in great abundance on the shore between the lines of high and low tide, keeping as close to the water as it can get. If too closely pursued it frequently takes wing, alighting in the surf and coming to the shore in the foam, from which it usually escapes before it can be taken. It is sluggish in its movements, running about a yard, then stopping, and so on alternately, and flying only when pursued, and then for but short distances. More than two-thirds of the females captured want either a part of an antenna or of a hind leg, these mutilations occurring on the right side in a large majority.
TRAPPING COLEOPTERA
Authors: Caulfield F. B.
Published: February 2010

Wishing to procure a good series of Silphidæ for my collection, about the middle of August I put some scraps of cooked meat into an empty tomato can and hid it under a shrub. I visited it after a few days but found it untouched. I then baited a can with uncooked meat and placed it in a similar situation.
NOTES ON CHRYSOMELA SCALARIS, Lec
Authors: Caulfield F. B.
Published: February 2010

In No. 7 of Entomologica Americana, Mr. G. W. J. Angell gives some interesting notes on this insect. Having examined a large number from various localities “showing a nearly complete gradual gradation from the finely maculate form of Philadelphica, to the strongly marked scalaris type,” Mr. Angell is of opinion that Philadelphica Lin., multipuncta Say and its supposed varieties, are all varieties of scalaris Lec. I incline myself to the belief tirat scalaris and philadelphica are distinct species, and as my experience of these forms appears to be different to that of some other col lectors, I give it in the hope that it may lead to a careful study of their life habits. I find that Dr. Harris' history and figure of scalaris fit it exactly as it occurs in the neighborhood of Montreal. For years past I have found it on elm and linden, and on no other plant or tree. Philadelphica and Bigsbyana I find on willow and alder; never on elm and linden. Dr. Packard in his Guide states that scalaris is abundant on the alder.
HYBERNATION OF FORMICA HERCULEANA, Linn
Authors: Bowles G. J.
Published: February 2010

On the 20th October last, when in Brighton, Ont., I went to the woods in search of hybernating insects, and while examining the prostrate trunk of a small pine, found several female specimens of our large black ant, F. herculeana (ligniperda Latr.) in their winter quarters. Each ant was in an oval excavation in the wood, just under the bark, about an inch long and half an inch wide and deep. In each cell was found a single ♀ ant, together with from six to fifteen larvæ. On tearing off the bark, about half a dozen cells were exposed, on different and widely separated parts of the trunk. In one or two instances there was a single worker ant with the large ♀. The larvæ were about an eighth of an inch long, and were all alive. They were, in every case, crowded together in a mass, each one in the same position, with the head bent over in front. This observation is, I think, interesting, as it gives a clue to the manner in which colonies of this wood-destroying ant are established.
LARVÆ OF HEMILEUCA MAIA, Dru
Authors: Goodhue Chas. F.
Published: February 2010

It was my good fortune, in May last, to find a brood of the larvæ of this species. As they were very different from the only description we have seen, i. e., that of Morris in his Synopsis, we herewith give a description of three of its stages. As all the stages were not observed we will begin with the last, as it will by that means be more short. Mature larvæ, 1.50 to 1.75 inches long, color black, thickly dotted with yellowish white. Head slightly triangular, smooth and shining. Head, top of segment next to it, feet and vent, rich reddish brown.
PREPARATORY STAGES OF ICHTHYURA ORNATA
Authors: French G. H.
Published: February 2010

Egg.—Diameter .035 of an inch, about the same in height; blunt, conical, the base flat; smooth; white, a dull red band round each a little below the middle, which is pretty well defined on its lower edge, but the upper is irregular, sometimes a small red speck on the apex. Duration of this period 10 days.

Young Larva.—Length .08 of an inch. General color grayish white, a purplish red band across each of the following joints, 2, 5, 7 and 12, with a faint row of the same along each side. Head jet black, broader than the body; joint 12 a little elevated; thoracic feet black, the others concolorous with the body; the body sparsely covered with white hairs half the length of the larva. Duration of this period from 2 to 3 days.
BRITISH COLUMBIAN HYMENOPTERA
Authors: Taylor Geo. W.
Published: February 2010

In the June number of the Canadian Entomologist, p. 114, there is a paper by M. L'Abbe Provancher, containing descriptions of a new genus, Platysoma, and 7 new species of Canadian Hymenoptera. Six of these new species, Ich. Vancouveriensis, Platysomatibialis, Limneria compacta, Mesoleptus fasciatus, Phylax pacificus and Phylax niger, are from Vancouver Island, and I am under the impression, for reasons which I will now state, that the specimens of these species from which M. Provancher's descriptions were made were from my collection, though no mention of my name appears in M. Provancher's paper.
DESCRIPTION OF LARVA OF ARROTIS DECLARATA, Wlk
Authors: The Editor
Published: February 2010

Several specimens of the larva of this insect were received on the 8th of July, 1884, from Mr. Acton Burrows, Deputy Minister of Agriculture, Winnipeg, Manitoba. They were reported as seriously injuring vegetables and field crops in that Province.

Length, one and half to one and three quarter inches.

Head medium in size, yellowish brown, with a polished surface, dotted and streaked with dark brown.

Form nearly cylindrical, tapering a little towards the head.
EUMACARIA BRUNNEARIA, Packard
Authors: Kellicott D. S.
Published: February 2010

I have recently obtained this elegant Phalenid from its larva, which feeds on the wild red cherry (Prunus Pennsylvanica). July 8, several nearly mature caterpillars were discovered on the twigs of their foodplant. They were an inch in length; color dull red, closely simulating the bark of the branches; and to more effectually conceal themselves by mimicry, they hold on, when at rest, by their pro-legs only, the body standing out like a short branch, or they hold to a leaf by their fore legs, making their bodies appear like a petiole.
A NEW PAMPHILA
Authors: French G. H.
Published: February 2010

Pamphila myus, n. sp.

Male.—Expanse .95 of an inch. Upper surface dark olivaceous brown, with a slight vinous reflection, about the same shade as cernes, which it much resembles. The primaries have the discal cell and the area in front of the cell like cernes, heavily washed with yellow of a little darker shade than that species, the same color ectending beyond the cell along the costal area three fourths the distance from the base to the outer margin (as the wings are spread); below the cell the same shade of yellow extends along the median vein the same distance, the area below this to the margin rather heavily sprinkled with yellow scales, except the space beyond the lower half of the stigma. This varies but little from the yellow of cernes. In cernes there is a quadrate sinus of the terminal dark brown of the wing dipping into the yellow beyond the cell, coming up to the cross vein. In this species the sinus is of the same width, but extends inward above the median vein, ending in a point half way to the base of the wing. The stigma is black, narrow, oblique, entire, though constricted below the middle, shorter than in cernes, does not reach the submedian below, and the upper end only reaches the second branch of the median, while in cernes it passes beyond this veinule, the lower third bent a little towards the base, in width not more than half as wide as in cernes; below the stigma an oblong patch of blackish scales that are bronzy in certain lights. Secondaries sprinkled with yellow scales, the inner half with yellowish hairs that are less olivaceous than in cernes.
HIBERNATION OF COLEOPTERA
Authors: Hamilton John
Published: February 2010

The condition in which Coleoptera pass the winter is a subject on which there are in American literature but few recorded observations. That no species hibernates in the egg stage is highly probable, though in all the others it occurs—some wintering in the perfect state alone, some in the larva and the imago condition, and others as larva and pupa.

Many of the species appear to make some preparation, retiring to situations that will more or less protect them from intense cold; others seem to have power to survive without any practical protection, as Lixus concavus and Megilla maculata, to be mentioned further on.
A NEW TENTHREDINID
Authors: Provancher L.
Published: February 2010

Genus Synairema, Hartig.

This genus was detached from Tenthredo by Hartig in 1837, for an insect described in 1793 by Panzer, under the name of Tenthredo rubi, found in Germany, Sweden, France, Tyrol, &c. In 1849, Bremi described a new species found in Helvetia, which he named S. alpina. It has not yet been recorded as met with in America.

Synairema differs only from Tenthredo by its lanceolate cell, which is largely contracted in the middle, while in the last it is separated by a straight nervule.
NORTH AMERICAN PYRALIDÆ
Authors: Fernald C. H.
Published: February 2010

Crambus zeellus, n. s.

expanse of wings, from 18 to 24 m. m.

Palpi, head and thorax, pale leaden gray. The labial palpi extend forward as far as the length of the head and thorax. The maxillary palpi are as long as the head.
DESCRIPTION OF SOME OF THE PREPARATORY STAGES OF PARNASSIUS SMINTHEUS, Doubl., AND OF P. CLODIUS, Men
Authors: Edwards W. H.
Published: February 2010

Mr. W. L. Courtis, in 1883, sent me many eggs of this species, laid by females confined with Sedum. All the butterflies were of the variety Hermodur, H. Edw., the females being very black. I related Mr. Courtis's observations in Papilio III., p. 158. The eggs were forwarded to Dr. H. S. Jewett, Dayton, Ohio, in default of ice here, and were placed in an ice box in that town, and so remained till late in Jan., '84. I received them 28th. Two days after, several of the eggs were found to have hatched, the day being warm, 55° Far. at noon. I gave the larvæ leaves of our wild Sedum, and also of some cultivated sorts that I had brought together for the purpose. Three days later the wild leaves were noticed eaten or nibbled a little, the other sorts not all. In former years, at least twice, I had had these larvæ out of egg, and they refused our Sedum and starved. In the present case, little holes were eaten on the upper side of leat half way through the fleshy part. Several larvæ died speedily, but a few did well. On 5th Feb'y, two were visibly stouter than the rest. On 6th, I happened on some larvæ feeding, this time at the edges of the leaves. On 8th, the two largest began to swell at second segment; on 10th, one of these died in the effort to moult, the time from the egg being 11 days. On 12th, the other larva passed 1st moult, at 13 days. On 15th, a third passed same moult; next day another, and I was fortunate in seeing the process.
TWELVE YEARS' EXPERIENCE WITH RUBBER STOPPERS. USED IN THE BIOLOGICAL COLLECTION OF THE MUSEUM IN CAMBRIDGE
Authors: Hagen H. A.
Published: February 2010

The late Professor L. Agassiz, in 1867, requested of me a detailed plan for the development of the entomological department of the Museum, Among the different collections proposed was a biological collection similar to my own for Neuroptera and Pseudo-neuroptera, but extended to include all Arthropoda. The Professor in a marginal note stated that this collection should be commenced immediately, and developed as rapidly as possible. In my collection the alcoholic objects were included in vials placed horizontally near the pinned dry objects, so that all belonging to one species were together and presented a clear view to the observer. I used vials closed with cork stoppers, which for a small collection and by a continual supervision, proved sufficiently safe. Nevertheless experiments were made with several substances, hoping to prevent the evaporation of the alcohol and the necessity of refilling a large number of vials every six months.
SOME NOTES UPON THE SPHINGIDÆ OF THE UNITED STATES
Authors: Holland W. J.
Published: February 2010

I am indebted to my esteemed correspondent, Prof. C. H. Fernald, for a copy of his recent Synopsis of the Sphingidæ of New England. I have been greatly pleased with it, and trust that it will meet with that general distribution among the students of our beautiful science which it deserves. In the following lines I wish to present a few observations which the perusal of Prof. Fernald's book suggests.

Hemaris Tenuis, Grote.

Prof. Fernald remarks of this species: “The early stages and food plants are unknown.” Presuming that the statement of the learned Professor is warranted by an exhaustive search through the literature of the subject, I shall venture to supply from my own observation what strikes me as a surprising deficiency, since Hemaris Tenuis is one of our most abundant species in Western Pennsylvania.
NATURAL HISTORY NOTES ON COLEOPTERA. No. 2
Authors: Hamilton John
Published: February 2010

Harpalus viduus Lec. The type of this species was taken at Rock Island, Illinois. It must be somewhat rare, as it does not appear in any local catalogue nor exchange list under my notice. Here it is found in one place only, and that in some abundance—on the side of a high hill in its primitive state, possessed of a warm, friable, vegetable soil, with a scanty vegetation, and flat stones on the surface. The females have the elytra opaque, but not pubescent, as one of my correspondents claims they should be to meet the description of Dr. Leconte—“sericeo-opaca,” which here evidently means opaque with a silky lustre. The males are moderately shining. The beetle makes its appearance during September and October, though few of them mature till the following spring, remaining under the shelter of the stones, where from one to half a dozen are often associated. At first the beetles are of a pale color, the elytra gradually changing to black; but the head and thorax mostly remain red till winter. In the spring they are shining bIack, and are only then fit to be placed in a collection. In the great struggle for “survival of the fittest” the chances seem to be against this insect.
PROF. FERNALD'S SPHINGIDÆ OF NEW ENGLAND
Authors: Grote A. R.
Published: February 2010

This very carefully written pamphlet brings us quite a step forward in our knowledge of the structure of our Hawk Moths. In the first place, it may be doubted whether the divisions of the Sphingidæ, first laid down in their present shape in Grote & Robinson's Synonymical Catalogue (1865), are not of lower rank than sub-families, but as all our divisions are based on comparative characters, this point need not detain us long. I had diligently searched the literature for older terms for these groups, finding them in part, but they were not adopted by Butler, and the terms of our Catalogue of 1865 with a sub-family ending seem to be preferred. I commenced with the Macroglossinæ, because these genera more resemble the Hesperidæ in their frequent diurnal flight, pupation on the ground between leaves with a few threads of silk, and in the more prismatic antennæ, Our genera are Hemaris, Aellopos, Euproserpinus and Lepisesia, with entire wings. I never was so fortunate as to possess any specimens of the genera Lepisesia or Pogocolon.
EMBIA MINUTA, Costa
Authors: Hagen H. A.
Published: February 2010

I am indebted to Sc. E. Bergroth, Helsingforz, for knowledge of this species. Prof. A. Costa has published, Atti della R. Accad. Sc. fisiche, etc., vol. vii., 1878, Napoli No. 2, the account of his journey through Egypt and Palestine. He was (p. 11) very interested to find, Feb. 17, after Assouan, at Kom-Ombos, on irrigated and humid grounds, a very small (long. corp. 5 millim.) species of Embia, for which he proposes the name E. minuta. As far as I know, nothing more has been given about this insect, and we will have to wait till Prof. A. costa will publish its description.
BROTIS VULNERARIA Hubn
Authors: Hulst Geo. D.
Published: February 2010

In the Canadian Entomologist, this volume, p. 72, Mr. Ph. Fischer tells us of the capture of the above moth at Buffalo, N. Y., adds something of the bibliography of the species, and remarks upon its aberrant appearance and character. Permit me to add a few words to what was there said.

Guenee, Phalenites, vol. ii., p. 116, 1857, describes this species of Hubner, under the generic name Sphecelodes, crediting the species to Hubner, but ignoring his genus, as was Guenee's custom. He also describes the ♀, and pl. 22, f. 9, gives a figure of it. It differs very much from the ♂, having ciliated antennæ, and lacking the triangular fleshcolored costal spot.
ON THE HISTORY AND THE PREPARATORY STAGES OF FENESICA TARQUINIUS, Fabr.
Authors: Edwards W. H.
Published: February 2010

Nothing has been known of the history or earlier stages of this butterfly till quite recently, except what Boisduval and LeConte (1833) gave, both plate and text having been copied from Abbot (about 1800). On the plate the mature larva is represented as lying on a leaf of Hawthorn, and the chrysalis is attached to a stem of same. The larva is green and white-striped, and neither in coloration nor shape resembles the real larva, and the description in the text is made up from the figure. The chrysalis is a little better. The larva (according to Abbot) “lives upon Cratægus, and the species is very scarce.” We also read that “this butterfly is plainly quite unlike the true Polyommati in its caterpillar and the shape of its chrysalis. Godart, who knew this species only by the description of Fabricius, wrongly believed that it was an Erycina.” Boisduval puts it in Polyommatus with Phleas.
CATOCALA NOTES
Authors: French G. H.
Published: February 2010

C. Sappho, Strecker.—Last season five specimens of this rare species were taken near here, and it was found about ten miles further north than before. It is as constant in its markings as any species.

C. Retecta, Grote.—Both the pale and the dark forms of this species were taken last year, with intergrades. I should probably have taken them this season, but I was away from home at the time they were flying. In the woods the habits of the two forms are alike.
A NEW PHYTOPTOCERIDIUM FROM NORTH AMERICA, ON ACHILLEA
Authors: Hagen H. A.
Published: February 2010

In the middle of September, 1886, Prof W. G. Farlow sent to me several specimens of the heads of Achillea (probably A. millefolium L.) collected on Mt. Washington. They correspond well with the deformity described by Dr. Fr. Thomas in Giebel's Zeitschr., 1872, vol. 39, p. 464, on A. moschata Wulf. The flowers are to a large part changed in white hairy sacs or galls, containing a number of living Phytoptas. As far as known to me, this gall is not yet described from the U. S., and is very similar to those of A. millefolium described by Mr. Fr. Loew, Verhdl. Wien. Z. B. Ges., 1878, vol. 28, p. 130, which is to be found in Baron Thuemen Herbar. mycolog. oeconom. Suppl., I., No. 60. Our collection possesses a specimen by Prof. Thomas with the indication of Tylenchus (Anguillula) millefolii Loew.
THE HIGHEST ELEVATION FOR NEUROPTERA IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors: Hagen H. A.
Published: February 2010

Mr. H. W. Turner, U. S. Geol. Survey, San Francisco, Cal., has sent to me Phryganid cases from Mt. Conness, Mono Co., living in water at an altitude of over 10,500 feet. They are 15 m. m. long, the front half made by irregular small bits of stones, the apical half of short bits of pine leaves, and the case being narrower; around the case are placed longer parts of pine leaves or grasses in a herring-bone fashion. A few dry larvæ and the shape and arrangement of the cases show them to belong to the family of Limnophilidæ, and to the group of Hallisus.

Other cases were collected from a small lake on the north side of Mt. Dana, at an altitude of over 11,500 ft. These cases are smaller, 10 m. m. long, of little bits of mica and other stones, more cylindrical, sloping a little to the end. They seem to belong to the family of Sericostomidæ, which is at least not contradicted by some remnants of dry larvæ.
THE OPERATIONS OF A PREHISTORIC BEETLE
Authors: Scudder Samuel H.
Published: February 2010

Some years ago, I received from Prof. G. J. Hinde, of Toronto, a twig of juniper about as thick as, and a little longer than, one's finger, which he had taken from interglacial deposits at Scarboro', near Toronto, and which showed the marks where beetles had bored the surface just beneath where the bark had been. From the same locality a number of remains of beetles have also been found, mostly Carabidæ, two of which I described at the time as new species of Loricera and Loxandrus. The others still remain unpublished, but there are none among them which could have made these borings, as these are evidently the peculiar work of some species of Scolytidæ, and apparently one of the Hylurgini, though in our very imperfect knowledge of the characteristics of the mines made by existing forms of this family, it is difficult to pronounce on its relations.
NOTICE OF DR. WILH. MULLER'S WORK ON THE SOUTH AMERICAN LARVÆ OF THE NYMPHALIDÆ
Authors: Grote A. R.
Published: February 2010

Readers of The Canadian Entomologist have, no doubt, through the papers of W. H. Edwards, followed with interest the discovery of so many facts bearing on the evolution of species in the Butterflies. We have now a work by a German writer of remarkable industry and ability, on the larval peculiarities of the Nymphalidæ, which deserves the study of all interested in Lepidopterology in America. The work is adorned by four plain lithographic plates of the caterpillars and their peculiar structure, of such fineness and softness of execution that, with all my experience, I hardly know where to find their equal. The work itself is a separate part of my friend Prof. Spengel's very useful “Jahrbücher,” a zoological publication which deserves to be largely encouraged. The publication may be obtained at the office of Gustav Fischer, Jena, Germany, and this work on the Nymphalidæ costs about three dollars (11 marks). The book itself (252 pp.) is too lengthy to be adequately reviewed here. It is a minute study, throwing light on the genealogy of the family from the structure of the caterpillars, and it is conducted with an ability which is simply marvellous.
NOTES ON THREE SMALL COLLECTIONS OF DIURNAL LEPIDOPTERA MADE DURING THE SUMMER OF 1886
Authors: Geddes Gamble
Published: February 2010

The following species were taken by Capt. Gilpin Brown (late H. M. 92nd Regiment) in the Island of Newfoundland, during the months of July and August last:

1. Grapta Faunus, Edw.

2. Chrysophanus Florus, Edw. (or C. Helloides, Boisd.—uncertain.)

3. C. Epixanthe, Bd.–Lec.

4. Argynnis Atlantis, Edw.

5. Melitea Harrisii, Scud.

6. Phyciodes Tharos, Drury.

7. Colias Interior, Scud.

8. ib. var. Laurentina, Scud.

9. Cœnonympha Inornata, Edw.
CORRECTIONS TO MY PAPER IN JULY NO. OF CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
Authors: Grote A. R.
Published: February 2010

On pages 121–122 the generic term Lepisesia is twice written wrongly, “Lipisesia.” To my statement with regard to the food plants of the Smerinthinœ, must be added that several unocellated genera feed on forest trees, such as poplar, linden, oak, etc. I have taken our geminatus on willow; my statement as to fruit trees (Rosaceœ, Caryœ) gives the general food of Cressonia, Calasymbolus, Smerinthus and Paonias. I would likewise add to my remarks as to the sequence of the groups that they seem to me to form two series; the first embracing the Macroglossinœ, Chœrocampinœ and Smerinthinœ; the second the Acherontinœ and Sphinginœ; the members of each series resembling each other more than the members of the opposed series. With regard to my List, p. 126 et seq., I would say that the manuscript was in the main long completed, perhaps nearly a year before I received Prof. Fernald's excellent paper. After receiving it I merely so far corrected and added to my MSS.
NOTES ON ABNORMAL TYPES OF THE LARVA OF SMERINTHUS MYOPS
Authors: Bunker Robert
Published: February 2010

For three years past I have reared this species from eggs and young worms, and in no instance have they agreed with descriptions I have met with. Two years ago I had a brood of eight. Three of them had six spots—three on each side—two four spots, one two spots, and two without spots.

Last year I had nine, not one of which had the least semblance of a spot, and were lighter green than those of the year before. This year the brood consisted of seven, two of which were unspotted, one with four, three with two, and one with a single spot.
OCCURRENCE OF THE CHINCH-BUG (BLISSUS LEUCOPTERUS, Say) AT BUFFALO, N. Y.
Authors: van Duzee E. P.
Published: February 2010

This pernicious insect has been very abundant here for many years. As early as 1874 I found it in considerable numbers among moss on dry, grassy hill-sides at Lancaster, N. Y. This season (1886) it was remarkably abundant in a dry upland hay field near the same locality. I have also taken it at Ridgeway, Ont. Ordinarily the short winged form predominates, but in hot, dry summers, such as those of 1881 and 1886, they mostly acquire fully developed membranes. I find on comparison with a lot of perhaps one hundred fully developed examples from Kansas, that ours are quite uniformly larger and more robust, with longer hairs on the pronotum.
LIST OF ORTHOPTERA TAKEN IN THE VICINITY OF MONTREAL, P. Q.
Authors: Caulfield F. B.
Published: February 2010

*Stylopyga orientalis, Linn. Common in houses; have also taken it under stones in a lane behind a bakery in summer.

Ischnoptera pennsylvanica, De Geer, Not common. I took a specimen under bark of a stump on Montreal Mountain some years since, and on June 4th, 1885, I took three specimens under bark of a stump at Abbotsford, P. Q.

Temnopteryx marginata. Rare. Two specimens taken under bark of a fallen tree on Montreal Mountain.

*Ectobia Germanica, Stephens. Common in houses in the city of Montreal. Has been so to my knowledge for the last fifteen years; how much longer I cannot say.
ON A NEW LIBRARY PEST
Authors: Hagen H. A.
Published: February 2010

Everybody now-a-days has books, even if he never reads them. It has become an acknowledged fashion—the more books the larger the wisdom, the finer the culture. The climax is reached in France, where you can buy as decoration for fine rooms large libraries, where all the prominent classic authors are represented only by the handsomely lettered backs of the volumes, stored in cabinets with glass doors. The key of the cabinets is invariably mislaid; in fact, the cabinets do not open at all. But even where book-cases contain real volumes, it is interesting to observe which authors are never taken out. In German private libraries, the binding of Klopstok's masterpiece, the Messiah, is almost invariably as fresh as possible, and in England and here I have often seen Paradise Lost in a very fine condition. As an instance of the contrary, when I was a young man, an older prominent naturalist singled out a volume from my library in a condition best to be described by book and binding in tatters, and then exclaimed, “That is just how I like to see books.” It was on bugs, and my scientific digestive organs were at that time in excellent condition. Later I was always interested in picking out books in similar condition in libraries, in order to have an idea of the taste and favorite studies of the patrons.
NOTES ON STAPHYLINIDÆ
Authors: Townsend C. H. T.
Published: February 2010

The following are some notes on a dozen of the more interesting species of Staphylinidœ which I have found in this vicinity. Two of the species, which will be duly given, were determined by M. Fauvel. All the others were identified by Dr. Horn.

Falagria dissecta Er. Numbers of this almost minute species were taken 8 Oct., 1884, in, on and under decaying and rain-soaked fragments of a large, reddish-tinged fungus growth, which I had previously plucked and broken to pieces to obtain Phenolia grossa Fab.