bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Senior High School Biology teachers perception towards implementation of 2013 revised curriculum according to school area zone in Gunungkidul
Authors: Rr W I , Mercuriani I S
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this research is to describe Senior High School Biology teachers perception towards implementation of 2013 revised curriculum according to school area zone in Gunungkidul Regency, including graduates competencies aspect, process aspect, assessment aspect and follow up aspect. It is quantitative descriptive research. Research subject consisted of 20 Biology teachers from twelve senior high schools in Gunungkidul Regency. The data in this study were collected using a questionnaire, interview and documentation. Validity is determined by construct validity (expert judgment) and skalo program. Reliability is calculated by Kuder Richardson 20. The technique of analysis through descriptive analysis. The results indicate that different perception occur in three zones. Teachers perception of four aspects as follows: (1) Northern Zone was good in three aspects and still poor in process aspect (2) Middle Zone was excellent in four aspects (3) Southern Zone was good in four aspects. There was concluded that Biology teachers in Gunungkidul Regency have different perception in four aspects of 2013 revised curriculum.
Comparison of students science process skills after using learning an experimental and virtual laboratory on Archimedes Laws
Authors: Safitri LN , Fahrudin  , Jumadi
Published: January 2020

In learning science, students can use the laboratory experiments and virtual laboratories (PhET) provided directly. This study aims to look at the comparison of students’ science process skills to the experimental and virtual laboratories in the aspects of formulating questions, measuring, conducting experiments, interpreting data, concluding and communicating. The instrument is in the form of an observation. The study was conducted on students who numbered two classes. In the first class, data collection was carried out using practicum methods with a total of 35 students from 40 students. While the second class collected data using a PhET simulation with a total of 36 students from 40 students. The research method used is experimental research using quantitative methods. At measuring aspect sig = 0.031, conclusion aspect sig = 0.010, and communicating aspect sig = 0.010 meaning statistically this difference is significant. Whereas in formulating the question aspect sig = 0.628, observing aspect of sig = 0.130, and collecting data aspect of sig = 0.218 means that this difference is not statistically significant.The results are the use of virtual laboratories has a better percentage value in student learning compared to the use of experimental laboratories on Archimedes Law.
Data literacy assessment instrument for preparing 21 Cs literacy: preliminary study
Authors: Pratama M A , Supahar  , Lestari D P , Sari W K , Putri T S Y , Adiatmah V A K
Published: January 2020

This study aims to develop an instrument to measure data literacy. Data literacy is one of the 21st century literacy (21Cs) that needed face the Industrial Revolution 4.0 (4IR). The interpretations about the ability of students’ data literacy are used as additional data. This study uses a modified instrument development stage, which consists of 6 stages. Sampling technique using purposive random sampling with a total sample 94 junior high school students. The results of the content validity test show that all questions are valid in content with a minimum Aiken’s V value of 0.76. The validity and reliability test empirically using Parscale shows that the questions are valid and reliable to measure students with abilities of -2.8 to 2.1 logit scale. Based on the research it is concluded that the data literacy instrument can be used to test the initial ability of data literacy.
Analysis problem solving skills of student in Junior High School
Authors: Franestian I D , Suyanta  , Wiyono A
Published: January 2020

This study to analyse the problem-solving skill on science learning in Junior High School. This study is a descriptive qualitative to analyse the result of problem-solving skill test. This study uses survey research method by using purposive sampling technique. The subject of this study is 80 students with low, medium, and high cognitive abilities according to the score of basic skill test upon new student admission. The instrument of the study uses five items of problem-solving skill test which have been validated and adjusted to several indicators of problem-solving skills. The result of the study shows that problem solving skill is still low in every indicator. The acquisition results of each aspect of problem-solving skills are 5.20% in identifying the problem, 57.60% in connecting the cause and effect, 47.10% in planning the solution, 37.60% in determining the relevant solution, and 39.10% in analysing the influence of solutions. In conclusion, the problem-solving skill of junior high school students in science learning is in low category.
Education change in the industry 4.0: Candidate science teacher perspective
Authors: Sari W K , Wilujeng I
Published: January 2020

This is descriptive quantitative research. Research is conducted to show candidate science teachers perception about education change in Industry 4.0. Data collected through a questionnaire which consist of 3 sections. Questionnaire purposed to measure teachers perception about future skills, education trends, and teachers ICT knowledge. Purposive sampling was used in this study and there were 66 candidate science teachers who are having teaching practice in the school. The result of the study showed that the questionnaire has a cronbach alpha score of 0.825 and based on the data, the candidate teachers have shown a positive attitude toward changing in Industry 4.0
Need assessment of STEM education based based on local wisdom in junior high school
Authors: Anikarnisia N M , Wilujeng I
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the various needs for the implementation of STEM learning based on local wisdom in junior high schools. This research was a qualitative descriptive study. The subject of the study were 17 natural science teachers in Lampung and 32 second graders in Junior High School 1 Seputih Raman. The teachers was chosen by random sampling technique while students were selected using cluster random sampling technique. The data collection was carried out by a questionnaire and descriptive qualitative is used to analyse the data. With regard to various needs in STEM learning implementation based on local wisdom, the results of this study showed; (1) the need for innovation in the learning approach (2) the need for knowledge about various approaches including the STEM approach, and (3) the integration of learning material with local wisdom.
Level of earthquake disaster preparedness and its integrity in natural science learning: A literature review
Authors: Latupeirisa V P S , Pujianto
Published: January 2020

Earthquake preparedness can be trained through a series of policies and strategies in formal and non-formal education. The characteristics of natural science as a study of nature are very strategic as a vehicle for learning mitigation. Earthquakes are one of the natural phenomena that have an impact on life. Earthquakes cause fatalities, property losses, and have an impact in education, this effect is because some people do not know about preparedness. This article uses a literature review. The purposes of writing this article are (1) literature review on earthquake preparedness attitudes (2) integrating earthquake preparedness in natural science learning (3) producing instruments for earthquake preparedness assessment instruments. The results obtained are (1) Earthquake alert attitude includes 4 aspects, 1): knowledge, attitudes and actions, 2): Early warning system, 3): Preparedness Planning, 4): Resource mobilization. (2) Integration of junior high school science subjects in the 2013 curriculum contained in the Basic Competency (Namely, KD) 3.10 which explains the layers of the earth, volcanoes, earthquakes, and risk reduction measures before, during and after disaster and KD 3.11 which analyzes the concept of vibration, waves and sounds. (3) Producing instruments with 27 statements that can be tested to determine the level of preparedness.
Analysis of Junior High School scientific literacy skills: domain competence on vibrations, waves and sound materials
Authors: Ariska I , Rosana D
Published: January 2020

This study aims to determine junior high school students’ scientific literacy skills on vibration, wave, and sound materials. This study used a quantitative descriptive study to analyze the results of the ninth grade students’ scientific literacy skills in one of junior high school in East Luwu Regency, Indonesia. The sample of the study were 90 students by using purposive sampling techniques. The instrument used scientific literacy skills test that was adapted from scientific literacy aspects and indicators according to the OECD. The number of questions consist of 8 items in the form of multiple-choice, free descriptions, brief and true false descriptions that have been developed by researchers and validated by experts. The Analysis of data used quantitative percentages. Based on the results of the analysis, it showed that the average achievement of scientific literacy skills of students in the domain competence was still in medium category. As for the acquisition of each aspects explained that scientific phenomena was 42.8% (medium category), identifying scientific issues was 37.5% (low category), and interpreting scientific data and evidence was 47.7% (medium category). The results of this acquisition indicated that the scientific literacy skills of domain competence of the students must be a serious concern.
Students’ knowledge and attitudes facing disaster preparedness volcanic eruptions: A case study in Merapi Mt. areas
Authors: Pamungkasih W , Atun S
Published: January 2020

This study aims to analyse the knowledge and atitude of disaster preparedness student who live around the Mount Merapi area in the face of natural disaster of volcanic eruptions. The research method used descriptive reseaerch using 56 students as respondents. The instruments of this study used tests and quesionnaires. Data analysisi techniques were performed using quantitatif percentages. The results showed that students in the area around Mount Merapi had good knowledge about knowing danger signs of a volcano eruption by 29% and had a disaster preparedness preparedness category of 59%. This research can be used as a development foundation to help reduce the risk of volcanic eruptions.
The integration of Palembang’s local potential in natural science learning materials
Authors: Sobiatin E , Tibrani M , Aznam N , Saputra A T , Fatharani M
Published: January 2020

Learning science is not just for memorizing concepts and materials, but students are expected to be able to apply science in everyday life. The approach that can be used in learning science and making students accustomed to science in their lives is a contextual approach, where students will learn science very interestingly, through direct and meaningful experience. Nowadays natural science learning does not apply a contextual approach as a whole. Integrating Local Potential with the material or content of natural science is one step that can be done to make learning science meaningful because it is very close to the daily lives of students. This research is a descriptive quantitative study with data collection methods through interviews, observations and also literature studies. The results of the study information that there are 22 local potentials of Palembang with 16 of them having a content of natural sciences so that they meet the criteria for being a source of learning and 6 others do not have a significant natural sciences content. The content of science that can be taught through local potential includes material in grades VII, VIII and IX of Junior High School.
Efficacy of cool roofs at reducing pedestrian-level air temperature during projected 21st century heatwaves in Atlanta, Detroit, and Phoenix (USA)
Authors: Broadbent Ashley M , Krayenhoff E Scott , Georgescu Matei
Published: January 2020

The air temperature cooling impacts of infrastructure-based adaptation measures in expanding urban areas and under changing climatic conditions are not well understood. We present simulations conducted with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, coupled to a multi-layer urban model that explicitly resolves pedestrian-level conditions. Our simulations dynamically downscale global climate projections, account for projected urban growth, and examine cooling impacts of extensive cool roof deployment in Atlanta, Detroit, and Phoenix (USA). The simulations focus on heatwave events that are representative of start-, middle-, and end-of-century climatic conditions. Extensive cool roof implementation is projected to cause a maximum city-averaged daytime air temperature cooling of 0.38 °C in Atlanta; 0.42 °C in Detroit; and 0.66 °C in Phoenix. We propose a means for practitioners to estimate the impact of cool roof treatments on pedestrian-level air temperature, for a chosen roof reflectivity, with a new metric called the Albedo Cooling Effectiveness (ACE). The ACE metric reveals that, on average, cool roofs in Phoenix are 11% more effective at lowering pedestrian-level air temperature than in Atlanta, and 30% more effective than in Detroit. Cool roofs remain similarly effective under future heatwaves relative to contemporary heatwaves for Atlanta and Detroit, with some indication of increased effectiveness under future heatwaves for Phoenix. By highlighting the underlying factors that drive cooling effectiveness in a trio of cities located in different climatic regions, we demonstrate a robust framework for estimating the pedestrian-level cooling impacts associated with reflective roofs without the need for computationally demanding simulations.
Instanton counting in class

Sk
Authors: Bourton Thomas , Pomoni Elli
Published: January 2020

We compute the instanton partition functions of

SCFTs in class

. We obtain this result via orbifolding Dp/D(p-4) brane systems and calculating the partition function of the supersymmetric gauge theory on the worldvolume of K D(p-4) branes. Starting with D5/D1 setups probing a

orbifold singularity we obtain the K instanton partition functions of 6d

theories on

in the presence of orbifold defects on T
2 via computing the 2d superconformal index of the worldvolume theory on K D1 branes wrapping the T
2. We then reduce our results to the 5d and to the 4d instanton partition functions. For k  =  1 we check that we reproduce the known elliptic, trigonometric and rational Nekrasov partition functions. Finally, we show that the instanton partition functions of

quivers in class

can be obtained from the class

mother theory partition functions with

gauge factors via imposing the ‘orbifold condition’

with

and

,

on the Coulomb moduli and the mass parameters.
Prediction of median survival time in sepsis patients by the SOFA score combined with different predictors
Authors: Li Wen , Wang Meiping , Zhu Bo , Zhu Yibing , Xi Xiuming
Published: January 2020

Background

Sepsis is the leading cause of intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The purpose of this study was to explore the prognostic value of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, the Acute Physiological and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, and procalcitonin (PCT), albumin (ALB), and lactate (LAC) levels in patients with sepsis.

Methods

Consecutive adult patients with suspected or documented sepsis at ICU admission were recruited. Their basic vital signs and related auxiliary examinations to determine their PCT and ALB levels and APACHE II score were recorded at ICU admission, and their LAC levels and SOFA scores were recorded for one week after admission. The influence of these variables on hospital mortality was evaluated. Logistic regression was used to derive the Sepsis Hospital Mortality Score (SHMS), a prediction equation describing the relationship between predictors and hospital mortality. The median survival time was calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method. In the validation group, the kappa value was calculated to evaluate the stability of the derived formula.

Results

This study included 894 sepsis patients admitted to 18 ICUs in 16 tertiary hospitals. Patients were randomly assigned to an experimental group (626 cases) and validation group (258 cases). In addition, a nonsurvival group (248 patients) of the experimental group was established according to the outcome at the time of discharge. The hospital mortality rate in the experimental group was 39.6% (248/626). Univariate and multivariate regression analyses revealed that the APACHE II score (odds ratio [OR] = 1.178), △SOFA (OR = 1.186), △LAC (OR = 1.157), and SOFA mean score (OR = 1.086) were independently associated with hospital mortality. The SHMS was calculated as logit(p) = 4.715 – (0.164 × APACHE II) – (0.171 × △SOFA) – (0.145 × △LAC) – (0.082 × SOFA mean). A receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to further investigate the accuracy of the SHMS, with an area under the curve of 0.851 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.821–0.882; p < 0.001) for hospital mortality. In the low-risk group and high-risk groups, the corresponding median survival times were 15 days and 11 days, respectively.

Conclusion

The APACHE II score, △SOFA, △LAC and SOFA mean score were independently associated with hospital mortality in sepsis patients and accurately predicted the hospital mortality rate and median survival time. Data on the median survival time in sepsis patients could be provided to clinicians to assist in the rational use of limited medical resources by facilitating prudent resource allocation.

Trial registration

ChiCTR-ECH-13003934, retrospectively registered on August 03, 2013.
Survival of South African patients on renal replacement therapy
Authors: Jardine Thabiet , Wong Esther , Steenkamp Retha , Caskey Fergus J , Davids Mogamat Razeen
Published: January 2020

Background

The majority of South Africans rely on a resource-constrained public healthcare sector, where access to renal replacement therapy (RRT) is strictly rationed. The incidence of RRT in this sector is only 4.4 per million population (pmp), whereas it is 139 pmp in the private sector, which serves mainly the 16% of South Africans who have medical insurance. Data on the outcomes of RRT may influence policies and resource allocation. This study evaluated, for the first time, the survival of South African patients starting RRT based on data from the South African Renal Registry.

Methods

The cohort included patients with end-stage kidney disease who initiated RRT between January 2013 and September 2016. Data were collected on potential risk factors for mortality. Failure events included stopping treatment without recovery of renal function and death. Patients were censored at 1 year or upon recovery of renal function or loss to follow-up. The 1-year patient survival was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and the association of potential risk factors with survival was assessed using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results

The cohort comprised 6187 patients. The median age was 52.5 years, 47.2% had diabetes, 10.2% were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive and 82.2% had haemodialysis as their first RRT modality. A total of 542 patients died within 1 year of initiating RRT, and overall 1-year survival was 90.4% [95% confidence interval (CI) 89.6–91.2]. Survival was similar in patients treated in the private sector as compared with the public healthcare sector [hazard ratio 0.93 (95% CI 0.72–1.21)]. Higher mortality was associated with older age and a primary renal diagnosis of ‘Other’ or ‘Aetiology unknown’. When compared with those residing in the Western Cape, patients residing in the Northern Cape, Eastern Cape, Mpumalanga and Free State provinces had higher mortality. There was no difference in mortality based on ethnicity, diabetes or treatment modality. The 1-year survival was 95.9 and 94.2% in HIV-positive and -negative patients, respectively. One-fifth of the cohort had no data on HIV status and the survival in this group was considerably lower at 77.1% (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The survival rates of South African patients accessing RRT are comparable to those in better-resourced countries. It is still unclear what effect, if any, HIV infection has on survival.
Maintenance of Remission Among Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease After Vedolizumab Discontinuation: A Multicentre Cohort Study
Authors: Martin Antoine , Nachury Maria , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Bouhnik Yoram , Nancey Stephane , Bourrier Anne , Serrero Melanie , Fumery Mathurin , Buisson Anthony , Laharie David , Gilletta Cyrielle , Filippi Jerome , Allez Matthieu , Bouguen Guillaume , Roblin Xavier , Altwegg Romain , Dib Nina , Pineton de Chambrun Guillaume , Savoye Guillaume , Carbonnel Franck , Viennot Stephanie , Amiot Aurelien ,   GETAID-Vedo-STOP Study Group, Amiot Aurélien , Martin Antoine , Gagnière Charlotte , Nachury Maria , Pariente Benjamin , Wils Pauline , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Zallot Camille , Bouhnik Yoram , Treton Xavier , Stefanescu Carmen , Nancey Stephane , Boschetti Gilles , Seksik Philippe , Beaugerie Laurent , Kirchgesner Julien , Bourrier Anne , Sokol Harry , Serrero Melanie , Fumery Mathurin , Yzet Clara , Brazier Franck , Laharie David , Rivière Pauline , Poullenot Florian , Buisson Anthony , Gilletta Cyrielle , Filippi Jérôme , Hebuterne Xavier , Allez Matthieu , Gornet Jean-Marc , Bouguen Guillaume , Siproudhis Laurent , Roblin Xavier , Altwegg Romain , Pineton de Chambrun Guillaume , Dib Nina , Savoye Guillaume , Carbonnel Franck , Meyer Antoine , Viennot Stephanie , Lebaut Guillaume
Published: January 2020

Background and Aim

It is unclear whether vedolizumab therapy can be discontinued in patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] after achieving steroid-free clinical remission. The aim was to assess the risk of relapse after vedolizumab therapy was discontinued.

Methods

This was a retrospective observational study, collecting data from 21 tertiary centres affiliated with the GETAID from January 2017 to April 2019. Consecutive patients with IBD, who were in steroid-free clinical remission for at least 3 months and were treated with vedolizumab for at least 6 months, were included at the time of vedolizumab discontinuation.

Results

A total of 95 patients [58 with Crohn’s disease] discontinued vedolizumab after a median duration of therapy of 17.5 [10.6–25.4] months. After a median follow-up period of 11.2 [5.8–17.7] months, 61 [64%] patients experienced disease relapse. The probabilities of relapse-free survival were 83%, 59%, and 36% at 6, 12, and 18 months, respectively. According to the multivariate analysis, a C-reactive protein level less than 5 mg/L at vedolizumab discontinuation (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.33–0.95], p = 0.03) and discontinuation due to patients’ elective choice (HR = 0.41, 95% CI [0.21–0.80], p = 0.009) were significantly associated with a lower risk of relapse. Re-treatment with vedolizumab was noted in 24 patients and provided steroid-free clinical remission in 71% and 62.5% at Week 14 and after a median follow-up of 11.0 [5.4–13.3] months, respectively, without any infusion reactions.

Conclusions

In this retrospective study, two-thirds of patients with IBD treated with vedolizumab experienced relapse within the first year after vedolizumab discontinuation. Re-treatment with vedolizumab was effective in two-thirds of patients.
‘Ut cantus consonet cum verbis’: transformations of sound and sense in Paolo da Firenze’s Lena, virtù e speranza
Authors: Lopatin Mikhail
Published: January 2020

This article explores the topos of transformation/metamorphosis and its role in creating unusually fluid and ambiguous scenarios of musico-textual behaviour in Trecento and Quattrocento song. Examining Paolo da Firenze’s ballata Lena, virtù e speranza, I show how transformation spreads from the surface level of specific poetic motifs and musical gestures to the very core of music’s relation to its text and text’s relation to its music. In this analysis, my goal is to follow the trajectory of one specific word (‘mutatio’) as it passes through various theoretical filters on its way from the textual to the musical medium (or back), creating new and often unexpected meanings realized in a musical setting.
European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) international consensus document on how to prevent, diagnose, and treat cardiac implantable electronic device infections—endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS), International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases (ISCVID), and the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)
Authors: Blomström-Lundqvist Carina , Traykov Vassil , Erba Paola Anna , Burri Haran , Nielsen Jens Cosedis , Bongiorni Maria Grazia , Poole Jeanne , Boriani Giuseppe , Costa Roberto , Deharo Jean-Claude , Epstein Laurence M , Sághy László , Snygg-Martin Ulrika , Starck Christoph , Tascini Carlo , Strathmore Neil
Published: January 2020

Pacemakers, implantable cardiac defibrillators, and cardiac resynchronization therapy devices are potentially lifesaving treatments for a number of cardiac conditions but are not without risk. Most concerning is the risk of a cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection, which is associated with significant morbidity, increased hospitalizations, reduced survival, and increased health care costs. Recommended preventive strategies such as administration of intravenous antibiotics before implantation are well-recognized. Uncertainties have remained about the role of various preventive, diagnostic, and treatment measures such as skin antiseptics, pocket antibiotic solutions, antibacterial envelopes, prolonged antibiotics post-implantation, and others. When compared with previous guidelines or consensus statements, the present consensus document gives guidance on the use of novel device alternatives, novel oral anticoagulants, antibacterial envelopes, prolonged antibiotics post-implantation, as well as definitions on minimum quality requirements for centres and operators and volumes. The recognition that an international consensus document focused on management of CIED infections is lacking, the dissemination of results from new important randomized trials focusing on prevention of CIED infections, and observed divergences in managing device-related infections as found in an European Heart Rhythm Association worldwide survey, provided a strong incentive for a Novel 2019 International State-of-the-art Consensus document on risk assessment, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CIED infections.
1. Family Law Practice and the First Interview
Authors: Sendall Jane , Hodgson Roiya
Published: January 2020

This chapter begins by identifying the various skills that family lawyers must possess. These include technical skills such as advocacy, interviewing, negotiation, and writing; and ‘soft skills’, i.e. interpersonal and organizational skills, such as persuasiveness, tact, diplomacy, and time management. The discussion then turns to the professional conduct issues that are crucial to seeing a client for the first time, including confidentiality and money laundering. It includes the new General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) which was implemented in May 2018. It also considers the importance of the first interview with the client and the client care letter. Litigants in person are also explained and discussed.
8. Jurisdiction
Authors: Sendall Jane , Hodgson Roiya
Published: January 2020

This chapter deals with the European law governing jurisdiction in divorce and the international law concepts that are a feature of this area of law. It discusses the increasingly important question of jurisdiction in divorce proceedings, and explains the concepts of ‘domicile’which includes domicile of origin, domicile of dependence, and domicile of choice. It also explains the concept of ‘habitual residence’ as how both domicile and habitual residence apply to divorce proceedings. There is finally an outline of jurisdiction in practice and the rule that if the domicile of a client is uncertain then habitual residence is usually easier to establish. There is some mention of Brexit.
20. Taxation in Family Law
Authors: Sendall Jane , Hodgson Roiya
Published: January 2020

Family law practitioners must be aware of the tax implications of any financial settlement and make it tax- efficient for the client. This chapter examines the types of tax most relevant to family law. Income tax is a type of tax paid on taxable income and, the basic personal allowance, as well as the higher and further rates, are discussed. Capital gains tax (CGT) arises on disposal of an asset or the receipt of money in respect of an asset if there is a ‘chargeable gain’, and examples of these are listed, as well as the relation of CGT and sponses/civil partners/family assets. Inheritance taxand stamp duty land tax are also discussed.
35. Protection under the Family Law Act 1996: Emergency Protection and Enforcement
Authors: Sendall Jane , Hodgson Roiya
Published: January 2020

This chapter discusses the circumstances in which an order under the Family Law Act 1996 (FLA 1996) will be made without notice to the other party to proceedings; and the availability and methods of enforcement of orders made under the FLA 1996. A client who requires protection urgently is dealt with by applying for an order without notice. The court can only make an order without notice if there is risk of significant harm to the applicant, or the applicant will be deterred from pursuing the application, or the respondent is avoiding service. Duration of a without notice order is explained, as well as enforcing an order.
Bhagat Singh’s Atheism
Authors: Elam J Daniel
Published: January 2020

Of the essays that Indian nationalist Bhagat Singh published in his lifetime, ‘Why I am an Atheist’ has remained especially popular. Bhagat Singh published the essay from jail in 1930, largely as a response to his critics among the revolutionaries, who worried that anticolonial stardom had gone to Bhagat Singh’s head – or alternatively that his anticolonial agitation had been motivated by arrogance and egotism. Quite different from the the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army’s response to M. K. Gandhi – ‘The Philosophy of the Bomb’ – ‘Why I am an Atheist’ marks a different philosophical territory, one that this essay will attempt to explore in detail. This essay demonstrates the productive relationship between religion and interwar philosophy that stands at the centre of Bhagat Singh’s concerns, the global conversation that he thus partakes in, and the relationship, ultimately, between doubt and anticolonialism. Treating this text as philosophical without reducing it to an anti-theological screed reveals the possibilities of an ethics that avoids the transcendent authority of both colonial rule and anticolonial response.
Dietary lysine affects amino acid metabolism and growth performance, which may not involve the GH/IGF-1 axis, in young growing pigs1
Authors: Hasan M Shamimul , Crenshaw Mark A , Liao Shengfa F
Published: January 2020

Lysine is the first limiting amino acid (AA) in typical swine diets. Our previous research showed that dietary lysine restriction compromised the growth performance of late-stage finishing pigs, which was associated with the changes in plasma concentrations of nutrient metabolites and hormone insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). This study was conducted to investigate how dietary lysine restriction affects the plasma concentrations of selected metabolites and three anabolic hormones in growing pigs. Twelve individually penned young barrows (Yorkshire × Landrace; 22.6 ± 2.04 kg) were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments (n = 6). Two corn and soybean meal based diets were formulated to contain 0.65% and 0.98% standardized ileal digestible lysine as a lysine-deficient (LDD) and a lysine-adequate (LAD) diets, respectively. During the 8-week feeding trial, pigs had ad libitum access to water and their respective diets, and the growth performance parameters including average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) were determined. At the end of the trial, jugular vein blood was collected for plasma preparation. The plasma concentrations of free AA and six metabolites were analyzed with the established chemical methods, and the hormone concentrations were analyzed with the commercial ELISA kits. Data were analyzed with Student’s t-test. The ADG of LDD pigs was lower (P < 0.01) than that of LAD pigs, and so was the G:F (P < 0.05) since there was no difference in the ADFI between the two groups of pigs. In terms of free AA, the plasma concentrations of lysine, methionine, leucine, and tyrosine were lower (P < 0.05), while that of β-alanine was higher (P < 0.01), in the LDD pigs. The total plasma protein concentration was lower (P < 0.02) in the LDD pigs, whereas no differences were observed for the other metabolites between the two groups. No differences were observed in the plasma concentrations of growth hormone (GF), insulin, and IGF-1 between the two groups as well. These results indicate that the lack of lysine as a protein building block must be the primary reason for a reduced body protein synthesis and, consequently, the compromised G:F ratio and ADG. The changes in the plasma concentrations of total protein and four AA suggest that the compromised growth performance might be associated with some cell signaling and metabolic pathways that may not involve the GH/IGF-1 axis.
Threatening the Unthinkable: Strategic Stability and the Credibility of North Korea's Nuclear Threats
Authors: Kodama Nick
Published: January 2020

With the spread of nuclear weapons to regional actors facing adversaries with superior conventional and nuclear forces, the prospect of deliberate nuclear first use is no longer unthinkable. This is especially the case with North Korea, which not only faces strong incentives for first use in a crisis but also has made the threat of first use a key component of its nuclear posture. To analyze the emerging US-DPRK deterrence relationship, this article presents a framework for outlining North Korea's calculus of when first use is rational, and examines the interaction between North Korea's threshold for first use and the United States’ perception of that threshold. By conceptualizing this interaction with four ideal-typical dyads, this article argues that the most stable dyad is one in which the United States recognizes that North Korea has the capability and willingness to use nuclear weapons at low crisis thresholds.
Update from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices
Authors: O’Leary Sean T , Maldonado Yvonne A , Kimberlin David W
Published: January 2020

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), a group of medical and public health experts, meets 3 times per year to develop recommendations for vaccine use in the United States. There are usually 15 voting members; members’ terms are for 4 years. ACIP members and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention staff discuss the epidemiology of vaccine-preventable diseases and vaccine research, effectiveness, safety data, and results from clinical trials. Representatives from the American Academy of Pediatrics (Y. A. M., D. W. K.) and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (S. T. O.) are present as liaisons to the ACIP. The ACIP met on 23–24 October 2019 to discuss pertussis vaccines, the child/adolescent and adult immunization schedule, influenza vaccine effectiveness and safety, Ebola vaccine, orthopoxvirus vaccines, Dengue vaccine, rabies vaccine, measles, and vaccine safety update.
Hope Among Refugee Children Attending the International School of Peace on Lesbos
Authors: Ben Asher Smadar , Sagy Shifra , Srour Anan , Walden Tsvia , Huss Ephrat , Shahar Eitan , Alsraiha Kassim
Published: January 2020

The study focuses on refugee children who live in a temporary transit camp on the Island of Lesbos in Greece, and attend a unique school, which, in the camp’s temporary conditions, endeavours to provide the children with safety, security, and an adaptive learning experience. It examines hope among the refugee children by means of the Children’s Hope Scale (Snyder, 1997), which was administered to 132 children aged 6-16 who attend the school. The general hope scores among the refugee children were similar to those found in other children’s populations. Hope scores in the Adolescent group (aged 12-16) were lower than in the other groups, and highest in the Intermediate group (aged 9-12). Additionally, differences were found between groups of children from different countries of origin. The findings indicate that the Adolescent children are more aware of the difficulties and dangers entailed in fleeing, and of the price they have paid for leaving their homes and being cut off from their extended family and community. The findings highlight the school’s contribution as a space, albeit temporary, where the children can function normatively as students in a safe environment that enables new growth in cognitive, emotional, and social realms.
Charles Kingsley’s Hypatia, Visual Culture and Late-Victorian Gender Politics
Authors: Mills Victoria
Published: January 2020

Charles Kingsley’s Hypatia or New Foes with an Old Face was first published in Fraser’s Magazine in 1852, but was reissued in numerous book editions in the late nineteenth century. Though often viewed as a novel depicting the religious controversies of the 1850s, Kingsley’s portrayal of the life and brutal death of a strong female figure from late antiquity also sheds light on the way in which the Victorians remodelled ancient histories to explore shifting gender roles at the fin de siècle. As the book gained in popularity towards the end of the century, it was reimagined in many different cultural forms. This article demonstrates how Kingsley’s Hypatia became a global, multi-media fiction of antiquity, how it was revisioned and consumed in different written, visual and material forms (book illustrations, a play, painting and sculpture) and how this reimagining functioned within the gender politics of the 1880s and 1890s. Kingsley’s novel retained a strong hold on the late-Victorian imagination, I argue, because the perpetual restaging of Hypatia’s story through different media facilitated the circulation of pressing fin-de-siècle debates about women’s education, women’s rights, and female consumerism.
Hall effect in protostellar disc formation and evolution
Authors: Zhao Bo , Caselli Paola , Li Zhi-Yun , Krasnopolsky Ruben , Shang Hsien , Lam Ka Ho
Published: January 2020

The Hall effect is recently shown to be efficient in magnetized dense molecular cores and could lead to a bimodal formation of rotationally supported discs (RSDs) in the first core phase. However, how such Hall dominated systems evolve in the protostellar accretion phase remains unclear. We carry out 2D axisymmetric simulations including Hall effect and ohmic dissipation, with realistic magnetic diffusivities computed from our equilibrium chemical network. We find that Hall effect only becomes efficient when the large population of very small grains (VSGs: ≲100 Å) is removed from the standard Mathis–Rumpl–Nordsieck size distribution. With such an enhanced Hall effect, however, the bimodality of disc formation does not continue into the main accretion phase. The outer part of the initial ∼40 au disc formed in the anti-aligned configuration ($\boldsymbol {\Omega \cdot B}\lt 0$) flattens into a thin rotationally supported Hall current sheet as Hall effect moves the poloidal magnetic field radially inward relative to matter, leaving only the inner ≲10–20 au RSD. In the aligned configuration ($\boldsymbol {\Omega \cdot B}\gt 0$), disc formation is suppressed initially but a counter-rotating disc forms subsequently due to efficient azimuthal Hall drift. The counter-rotating disc first grows to ∼30 au as Hall effect moves the magnetic field radially outward, but only the inner ≲10 au RSD is long lived like in the anti-aligned case. Besides removing VSGs, cosmic ray ionization rate should be below a few 10−16 s−1 for Hall effect to be efficient in disc formation. We conclude that Hall effect produces small ≲10–20 au discs regardless of the polarity of the magnetic field, and that radially outward diffusion of magnetic fields remains crucial for disc formation and growth.
A spectroscopic, photometric, polarimetric, and radio study of the eclipsing polar UZ Fornacis: the first simultaneous SALT and MeerKAT observations
Authors: Khangale Z N , Potter S B , Woudt P A , Buckley D A H , Semena A N , Kotze E J , Groenewald D N , Hewitt D M , Pretorius M L , Fender R P , Groot P , Bloemen S , Klein-Wolt M , Körding E , Le Poole R , McBride V A , Townsend L , Paterson K , Pieterse D L A , Vreeswijk P
Published: January 2020

We present phase-resolved spectroscopy, photometry, and circular spectropolarimetry of the eclipsing polar UZ Fornacis. Doppler tomography of the strongest emission lines using the inside-out projection revealed the presence of three emission regions: from the irradiated face of the secondary star, the ballistic stream and the threading region, and the magnetically confined accretion stream. The total intensity spectrum shows broad emission features and a continuum that rises in the blue. The circularly polarized spectrum shows the presence of three cyclotron emission harmonics at ∼4500, 6000, and 7700 Å, corresponding to harmonic numbers 4, 3, and 2, respectively. These features are dominant before the eclipse and disappear after the eclipse. The harmonics are consistent with a magnetic field strength of ∼57 MG. We also present phase-resolved circular and linear photopolarimetry to complement the spectropolarimetry around the times of eclipse. MeerKAT radio observations show a faint source that has a peak flux density of 30.7 ± 5.4 $\mu$Jy beam−1 at 1.28 GHz at the position of UZ For.
Physical correlations of the scatter between galaxy mass, stellar content, and halo mass
Authors: Bradshaw Christopher , Leauthaud Alexie , Hearin Andrew , Huang Song , Behroozi Peter
Published: January 2020

We use the UniverseMachine to analyse the source of scatter between the central galaxy mass, the total stellar mass in the halo, and the dark matter halo mass, for massive (Mvir > 1013 M⊙) haloes. We also propose a new halo mass estimator, the cen+N mass: the sum of the stellar mass of the central and the N most massive satellites. We show that, when real space positions are perfectly known, the cen+N mass has scatter competitive with that of richness-based estimators. However, in redshift space, using a simple cluster finder, the cen+N mass suffers less from projection effects in the UniverseMachine model. The cen+N mass is therefore a potential candidate to constrain cosmology with upcoming spectroscopic data from DESI. We analyse the scatter in stellar mass at fixed halo mass and show that the total stellar mass in a halo is uncorrelated with secondary halo properties, but that the central stellar mass is a function of both halo mass and halo age. This is because central galaxies in older haloes have had more time to grow via accretion. If the UniverseMachine model is correct, this implies that haloes selected using the centrals stellar mass will be biased old and that accurate galaxy-halo modelling of mass selected samples therefore needs to consider halo age in addition to mass.
Safety and efficacy of iron isomaltoside 1000/ferric derisomaltose versus iron sucrose in patients with chronic kidney disease: the FERWON-NEPHRO randomized, open-label, comparative trial
Authors: Bhandari Sunil , Kalra Philip A , Berkowitz Mario , Belo Diogo , Thomsen Lars L , Wolf Myles
Published: January 2020

Background

The optimal intravenous (IV) iron would allow safe correction of iron deficiency at a single infusion over a short time. The FERWON-NEPHRO trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of iron isomaltoside 1000/ferric derisomaltose (IIM) in patients with non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease and iron deficiency anaemia.

Methods

In this randomized, open-label and multi-centre trial conducted in the USA, patients were randomized 2:1 to a single dose of 1000 mg IIM or iron sucrose (IS) administered as 200 mg IV injections up to five times within a 2-week period. The co-primary endpoints were serious or severe hypersensitivity reactions and change in haemoglobin (Hb) from baseline to Week 8. Secondary endpoints included incidence of composite cardiovascular adverse events (AEs).

Results

A total of 1538 patients were enrolled (mean estimated glomerular filtration rate 35.5 mL/min/1.73 m2). The co-primary safety objective was met based on no significant difference in the incidence of serious or severe hypersensitivity reactions in the IIM and IS groups [0.3% versus 0%; risk difference: 0.29% (95% confidence interval: –0.19; 0.77; P > 0.05)]. Incidence of composite cardiovascular AEs was significantly lower in the IIM versus IS group (4.1% versus 6.9%; P = 0.025). Compared with IS, IIM led to a more pronounced increase in Hb during the first 4 weeks (P ≤ 0.021), and change in Hb to Week 8 showed non-inferiority, confirming that the co-primary efficacy objective was met.

Conclusions

Compared with multiple doses of IS, a single dose of IIM induced a non-inferior 8-week haematological response, comparably low rates of hypersensitivity reactions, and a significantly lower incidence of composite cardiovascular AEs.
Pipeline Embolization Device for Treatment of Extracranial Internal Carotid Artery Pseudoaneurysms: A Multicenter Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy
Authors: Akinduro Oluwaseun O , Gopal Neethu , Hasan Tasneem F , Nourollah-Zadeh Emad , Vakharia Kunal , De Leacy Reade , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Yamamoto Junichi , Mocco J , Castilla Leonardo Rangel , Tze Man Kan Peter , Boulos Alan , Levy Elad , Tawk Rabih G
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND

There is a paucity of literature regarding treatment options for extracranial pseudoaneurysms of the internal carotid artery (ICA). To date, Pipeline Embolization Device (PED; Medtronic Inc) use for the treatment of extracranial pseudoaneurysms of the ICA has only been reported from single-center case series.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of PED for the treatment of extracranial ICA pseudoaneurysms.

METHODS

This is a multicenter retrospective study involving 6 high-volume tertiary academic institutions in the United States. We analyzed patients with extracranial ICA pseudoaneurysms treated with PED between January 1, 2011, and January 1, 2019. Clinical assessment was performed pre- and postintervention using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and National Institution of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at a minimum of 4-mo follow-up.

RESULTS

A total of 28 pseudoaneurysms with a mean diameter of 17.7 mm (range: 4.1-52.5 mm) were treated with PED in 24 patients at 6 participating centers. The mean age was 52.1 yr (17-73) ± 14.3 with 14 females and 10 males. At a mean of 21-mo (range 4-66 mo) follow-up, complete occlusion was achieved in 89% (n = 25/28), with near-complete occlusion (>90% occlusion) in the remainder. There were no periprocedural complications. Postprocedure NIHSS was 0 in 88% (n = 21/24) and 1 in 12% (n = 3/24) of patients, and mRS was 0 in 83% (n = 20/24) and 1 in 17% (n = 4/24) of patients.

CONCLUSION

The treatment of extracranial ICA pseudoaneurysms with PED is safe and effective in selected patients. Randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies are needed to establish the role of flow diversion for ICA pseudoaneurysms.