bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Accessory Protein ORF3 Contributes to Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Replication by Direct Binding to the Spike Protein
Authors: Kaewborisuth Challika , He Qigai , Jongkaewwattana Anan
Published: July 2018

The porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an important swine pathogen responsible for severe watery diarrhea, particularly in neonatal piglets. Despite extensive studies performed to elucidate the function of several viral proteins, the contribution of an accessory protein ORF3 in PEDV replication is still largely unknown. Here, we constructed expression plasmids as well as recombinant PEDV carrying myc-tagged ORF3 to assess their expression and subcellular localization in both transfected and infected cells. In PEDV-infected cells, ORF3 was predominantly localized in the cytoplasm, partially in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus (Golgi). Interestingly, ORF3 with the N-terminal Flag tag was also detected on the cell surface concomitant with the spike (S) protein as determined by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. ORF3 and S proteins were also co-localized at perinuclear compartments and in the vesicle-like structures in transfected and infected cells. We also demonstrated that both full-length and naturally truncated ORF3 proteins could interact with the S protein but with different binding affinity, which correlate with the ability of the protein to regulate virus replication in cell culture. Collectively, our results underscore the unprecedented role of the ORF3, which involves the interaction of ORF3 with S and, possibly, other structural protein during PEDV replication.
The ND10 Complex Represses Lytic Human Herpesvirus 6A Replication and Promotes Silencing of the Viral Genome
Authors: Sanyal Anirban , Wallaschek Nina , Glass Mandy , Flamand Louis , Wight Darren J. , Kaufer Benedikt B.
Published: July 2018

Human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) replicates in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and various T-cell lines in vitro. Intriguingly, the virus can also establish latency in these cells, but it remains unknown what influences the decision between lytic replication and the latency of the virus. Incoming virus genomes are confronted with the nuclear domain 10 (ND10) complex as part of an intrinsic antiviral response. Most herpesviruses can efficiently subvert ND10, but its role in HHV-6A infection remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated if the ND10 complex affects HHV-6A replication and contributes to the silencing of the virus genome during latency. We could demonstrate that ND10 complex was not dissociated upon infection, while the number of ND10 bodies was reduced in lytically infected cells. Virus replication was significantly enhanced upon knock down of the ND10 complex using shRNAs against its major constituents promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML), hDaxx, and Sp100. In addition, we could demonstrate that viral genes are more efficiently silenced in the presence of a functional ND10 complex. Our data thereby provides the first evidence that the cellular ND10 complex plays an important role in suppressing HHV-6A lytic replication and the silencing of the virus genome in latently infected cells.
Forces Driving the Morphological Evolution of a Mud-Capped Dredge Pit, Northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Wang Jiaze , Xu Kehui , Li Chunyan , Obelcz Jeffrey B.
Published: July 2018

Sandy sediments preserved as paleo-channel fill on the inner shelf, some of which are overlain by modern muds, have been mined for barrier island restoration along the northern Gulf of Mexico. These mined areas have been termed “mud-capped” dredge pits. The processes governing the morphological evolution of the pits are poorly constrained due to limited observational data. Physical oceanographic (e.g., currents and waves) and sedimentary data were collected at Sandy Point dredge pit offshore Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana in summer 2015. Currents outside the pit flowed southward and/or southeastward at speeds of 8–20 cm/s, while currents inside the pit had speeds less than 2 cm/s with no clear dominant direction. Wave heights detected inside the pit were less than 0.4 m. A high turbidity layer with suspended sediment concentration around 4 g/L was observed above the pit floor, and its thickness was ~0.5 m. With observational data as input, three 2–D numerical models were employed to predict pit morphological responses, including pit infilling, margin erosion and slope change. The model results suggest that resuspension events were rare on the seafloor adjacent to the pit under summer fair weather conditions. Modeled pit margin erosion was very limited. With little resuspension of seafloor sediment locally, weak margin erosion and stable pit walls, the dominant process governing pit evolution was infilling sourced by the deposition of suspended sediments from the Mississippi River plume.
Assessing the Effects of Urbanization on Flood Events with Urban Agglomeration Polders Type of Flood Control Pattern Using the HEC-HMS Model in the Qinhuai River Basin, China
Authors: Fang Guohua , Yuan Yu , Gao Yuqin , Huang Xianfeng , Guo Yuxue
Published: July 2018

Urban agglomeration polders type of flood control pattern (UAPFCP) is an extensively used pattern for urban flood control in plain water system areas. Urbanization and polders are two main factors that affect the runoff process in these regions. The Qinhuai River basin, one of the representative watersheds of this flood control pattern in East China, was selected to perform the study. Five urbanization scenarios (the historical, current, and three assumed future urbanization scenarios) of the basin were defined in this paper. The Hydrologic Engineering Center’s Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) was used to simulate basin runoff. The results indicate that the UAPFCP increased the flood volume (Qv) and peak flow (Qp) compared to the results under the condition without polders. With the constant improvement of the urbanization level of the basin, Qv and Qp under the with polder condition increased correspondingly, and the potential changes show a linear relationship. The urbanization and urban agglomeration polders have interactions with flood events. The effect of urbanization on the flood process is weakened because of the existence of urban agglomeration polders. With the constant improvement of the urbanization level, the effect on the flood process caused by urban agglomeration polders becomes gradually weaker.
Radar Data Analyses for a Single Rainfall Event and Their Application for Flow Simulation in an Urban Catchment Using the SWMM Model
Authors: Barszcz Mariusz Paweł
Published: July 2018

The disadvantage of radar measurements is that the obtained rainfall data is imprecise. Therefore, the use of radar data in hydrological applications usually requires correction. The main aim of the study was to verify and optimize various methods of estimating the rainfall depths for single events based on radar data, as well as determining their influence on the values of peak flow and outflow volume of hydrographs simulated using the SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) hydrodynamic model. Regression analyses were used to find a relationship between the rain gauge rainfall rate R and radar reflectivity Z for the urban catchment of the Służewiecki Stream in Warsaw, Poland. Five methods for determining calculational values of radar reflectivity in reference to specific rainfall cells with 1 km resolution within an event duration were applied. Moreover, the correction coefficient for data from the SRI (Surface Rainfall Intensity) product was established. The Z-R relationships determined in this study offer much better rainfall rate estimation as compared to Marshall-Palmer’s relationship. Different scenarios were applied to investigate the stream response to changes in rainfall depths estimated on the basis of radar data, in which the data both for 2 existing, as well as 64 virtual, rain gauges assigned to appropriate rainfall cells in the catchment were included. Relatively good agreement was achieved between the measured parameters of the hydrograph of flows and those simulated in response to rainfall depths which had been calculated for single events using the correction coefficient and the determined Z-R relationships. Radar estimates of rainfall depths based on the tested methods can be used as input data to the SWMM model for the purpose of simulating flows in the investigated urban catchment.
Clinical relevance of bacterial resistance in lower respiratory tract infection in primary care: secondary analysis of a multicentre European trial
Authors: Teepe Jolien , Broekhuizen Berna DL , Goossens Herman , Hordijk Patricia Marinka , Loens Katherine , Lammens Christine , Ieven Margareta , Little Paul , Butler Chris C , Coenen Samuel , Godycki-Cwirko Maciek , Henriques-Normark Birgitta , Verheij Theo JM ,   on behalf of the GRACE consortium
Published: July 2018

Background

The impact of antimicrobial resistance on clinical outcomes in patients with lower respiratory tract infection in primary care is largely unknown.

Aim

To determine the illness course of infections with resistant bacteria in adults presenting to primary care with acute cough.

Design and setting

Secondary analysis of a multicentre European trial in primary care.

Method

A total of 2061 adults with acute cough (lasting ≤28 days) were recruited from primary care and randomised to amoxicillin or placebo. To reflect the natural course of disease, only patients in the placebo group (n = 1021) were eligible. Nasopharyngeal flocked swabs and/or sputa (when available) were analysed at baseline and Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae isolates underwent susceptibility testing. Patients recorded their symptoms in a diary every day for 4 weeks. Patients with and without resistant bacterial infection were compared with regards to symptom severity, duration of symptoms, worsening of illness, and duration of interference with normal activities or work.

Results

Of the 834 patients with diary records, 104 showed S. pneumoniae and/or H. influenzae infection. Of this number, 54 (52%) were resistant to antibiotics, while seven (7%) were resistant to penicillin. For the duration of symptoms rated ‘moderately bad or worse’ (hazard ratio 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.67 to 2.44), mean symptom severity (difference −0.48, 95% CI = −1.17 to 0.21), and worsening of illness (odds ratio 0.31, 95% CI = 0.07 to 1.41), there was no statistically significant difference between the antibiotic-resistant and antibiotic-sensitive groups.

Conclusion

The illness course of antibiotic-resistant lower respiratory tract infection does not differ from that caused by antibiotic-sensitive bacteria.
Multi-phenomena Modeling of the New Bullet-like Cluster ZwCl 008.8+52 Using N-body/Hydrodynamical Simulations
Authors: Molnar S. M. , Broadhurst T.
Published: July 2018

We use N-body/hydrodynamical simulations to interpret the newly discovered Bullet-Cluster-like merging cluster ZwCl 0008.8+5215 (ZwCl008 hereafter), where a dramatic collision is apparent from multiwavelength observations. We have been able to find a self-consistent solution for the radio, X-ray, and lensing phenomena by projecting an off-axis, binary cluster encounter viewed just after first core passage. A pair of radio relics traces the leading (bow) and trailing (back) shock fronts that our simulation predicts, providing constraints on the collision parameters. We can also account for the observed distinctive comet-like X-ray morphology and the positions of the X-ray peaks relative to the two lensing mass centroids and the location of the well-defined bow shock. Relative to the Bullet Cluster, the total mass is about 70% lower, ∼1.2 × 1015
M
⊙, with a correspondingly lower infall velocity, ∼1800 km s−1, and an impact parameter of P ∼ 400 kpc. As a result, the gas component of the infalling cluster is not trailing significantly behind the associated dark matter as in the case of the Bullet Cluster.
The spider genus Pterotricha in Iran, with the description of a new genus (Araneae, Gnaphosidae)
Authors: Zamani Alireza , Seiedy Marjan , Saboori Alireza , Marusik Yuri M.
Published: July 2018

The spider genusPterotrichaKulczyński, 1903 (Gnaphosidae) is surveyed in Iran. To date, three species of this genus were known in the country:P.loeffleri(Roewer, 1955),P.lentiginosa(C. L. Koch, 1837) andP.pseudoparasyriacaNuruyeva & Huseynov, 2016. Here two new species are described,P.kovblyukiZamani & Marusik,sp. n.(♂, western Iran) andP.montanaZamani & Marusik,sp. n.(♀, central and southwestern Iran), and P.cf.dalmasi Fage, 1929 (from Algeria to Jordan) is reported in Iran for the first time.PterotrichatikaderiGajbe, 1983syn. n.(India) andP.loeffleri(Roewer, 1955),syn. n.are synonymized withP.strandiSpassky, 1936 (hitherto known from Turkmenistan only). The record ofP.lentiginosafrom Iran is apparently based on misidentification. A distribution map of the genus in Iran with new provincial records is provided. In addition,IranotrichaZamani & Marusik,gen. n., a new genus closely related toPterotricha, is described from southeastern Iran with the type speciesI.lutensisZamani & Marusik,sp. n.
Unlocking the Gate to Inner Peace With Yoga
Authors: Dard Delphine
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this chapter is to show that yoga as a mind-body practice is absolutely relevant for promoting peace worldwide. Yoga proposes to any individual to first cultivate his inner peace and easing his own tensions in order to behave more peacefully with others. Starting from the modern physical practice of yoga in the West, the first part will demonstrate how yoga can first help any practitioner relaxing his own body. As a mind-body practice, yoga has also the ability to help any individual calming down the fluctuations of his mind. Cultivating inner steadiness will help the people reaching a more spiritual state of mind to become open enough to listen more carefully to the universal wisdom taught by yoga. In the second part, an explanation of the philosophical basis and of the roots of yoga will help one to understand how the discipline furthers the art of oneness. The last part will display examples of how yoga is particularly relevant for addressing modern issues that specific population such as refugees, soldiers, and prisoners are facing.
The Implementation of Modern Information Technologies in Educational Fields
Authors: Aleksandrov Anatoly A. , Proletarsky Andrey V. , Neusypin Konstantin A. , Shen Kai
Published: July 2018

As known to all, we are living in an information society today. Learners can acquire knowledge, skill, and ability by participating in teaching, training and learning systems. As the basis of teaching, training, and learning system, the management system is significantly important in the management of online materials and intercommunion between students and teachers. In order to construct more effective systems of management, virtual organizations should be considered with latticed structure, which can easily adapt to external environment changing and may even inspire more innovations in the fields of education.
Open Source Software Usage in Education and Research
Authors: Jammoul Samih M. , Syuzev Vladimir V. , Andreev Ark M.
Published: July 2018

Information technology and telecommunication is considered a new and quickly evolving branch of science. New technologies and services in IT and telecommunications impose successive changes and updates on related engineering majors, especially in practical qualification that includes using software facilities. This chapter aims to join the efforts to spread the use of open source software in academic education. The chapter consists of two main sections. The first presents the trend of using open source software in higher education and discusses pros and cons of using open source software in engineering education. The second section presents network traffic analysis as an example of recent effective research topics and provides a set of open source tools to perform the research's practical steps. The research example with the suggested tools is valid as practical lab work for telecommunication and IT-related majors.
Integration of Moodle and Electronic University Systems at BMSTU
Authors: Chernikov Alexander Sergeevich , Zagidullin Ravil Shamilievich , Chibisov Alexander Alexandrovich
Published: July 2018

The free platform Moodle was integrated with protected University Administrative Information System Electronic University (UAIS EU) of Bauman Moscow State Technical University, which serves to support the administrative work for control of educational process. The following main problems were solved: creation of unified data representation in the two systems; creation of students' and training courses' databases in Moodle based on data from UAIS EU. As result unique software was developed, new quality of service was obtained, namely different sides of University activity such as teaching, learning, and administrative control of educational process were automated and joined together; the time required for information processing and administrative decision-making was reduced; the number of errors in the systems due to the influence of a human factor was reduced. The results obtained can be used to simplify the work of teachers and enhance the performance and operational efficiency of the administrative system at any university.
Conceptual Principles of Engineering Education Based on Evolutional-Activity Approach
Authors: Nesterenko Vladimir M.
Published: July 2018

The concept of education using an evolutional-activity approach is presented. This approach resolves the problem of continuous self-development of specialists in their professional activity. The conformity of their evolution to individual and social changing needs is supported by development of skills for reliable generation of a new valuable knowledge in the right time and in the right place of the professional space. This new knowledge becomes a basis for generation of time- and energy-effective engineering solutions, including unique ones. The novelty of the proposed approach comes from the establishment of an axiomatic basis. The core categories of the basis are activity classes. The whole conceptual framework and fundamental laws are represented as consequences of initial axioms and postulates of the basis. This approach allows the higher education pedagogy to overcome the conceptual crisis, which resulted from the variety of existing conceptual frameworks.
The Logistic Model Based on Positions (LoMoBaP [MoLoBaC]) and Industry 4.0
Authors: José G. G. Hernández R.  , Gilberto J. Hernández G.  , María J. García G.
Published: July 2018

This chapter relates business logistics, Industry 4.0 and multicriteria decision making. It is analyzed how the Logistic Model Based on Positions, it is adapted to the approach of Industry 4.0. Business logistics is related practically with every area of an organization, which making it appropriate to study organizations. But at the same time these multiple relationships make its study complex.To minimize the complexity of business logistics learning, four models were created to facilitate their teaching. One of them, MoLoBaC, which studies logistics based on the functions performed by those who have positions associated with it, has repercussions in all areas of the organization. This impact makes the MoLoBaC an ideal candidate to study the new business approaches. At the same time it generates interest to know as the MoLoBaC, can adapt to the approach of Industry 4.0. From everything previous the general objective of this work arises: Perform a qualitative-quantitative analysis of the adaptation of the Logistic Model Based on Positions to the new business approach, Industry 4.0.
Ceramic Industry 4.0
Authors: Barata João , Silva Francisco , Almeida Marisa
Published: July 2018

Industry 4.0 presents new challenges for traditional sectors of the economy, for example, the production of ceramic products. This chapter reveals how traditional ceramic industries can (1) assess, (2) plan, and (3) execute Industry 4.0 adoption. The findings are based on the Portuguese ceramic sector. Three interrelated dimensions of the fourth industrial revolution are studied, namely, (1) digital ecosystems, (2) security and safety, and (3) digital sustainability. Industry 4.0 is not restricted to high-tech products and cannot be addressed by one-size-fits-all solutions. Moreover, it requires cooperation within business ecosystems. The authors propose a model for Ceramic Industry 4.0 and accessible guidelines for managers involved in global supply chains. This chapter suggests emergent research opportunities for (1) sectorial maturity models, (2) data quality and regulatory compliance, (3) cyber-security and risk management, and (4) an integrated vision of sustainability in the digital era.
Enterprise Integration With the Structural Services Architectural Style
Authors: Delgado José Carlos Martins
Published: July 2018

The Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Representational State Transfer (REST) architectural styles are the most used for the integration of enterprise applications. Each is more adequate to a different class of applications and exhibits advantages and disadvantages. This chapter performs a comparative study between them. It is shown that SOA and REST are dual architectural styles, one oriented towards behavior and the other towards state. This raises the question of whether it is possible to combine them to maximize the advantages and to minimize the disadvantages. A new architectural style, Structural Services, is proposed to obtain the best characteristics from SOA and REST. As in SOA, services are able to offer a variable set of operations and, as in REST, resources are allowed to have structure. This style uses structural interoperability, based on structural compliance and conformance. A service-oriented programming language is also introduced to instantiate this architectural style.
Multiple Antennas-Based Improved Sensing Detector
Authors: Bagwari Ashish , Kanti Jyotshana , Tomar Geetam Singh
Published: July 2018

5G is one of the newest and most acclaimed engineering technology of wireless era. This technology is also known as CRNs, in which spectrum detection plays a key role. Through this chapter, the authors explore multiple antennas-based improved sensing detector (MA_ISD). In the said scheme by using adaptive threshold and multiple antennas patterns, its easy to mitigate sensing failure issue enriches reliability. The presented scheme uses two detectors (TD) concept. The concept of two detectors (i.e., TD scheme has been applied in which multiple antennas are used for electing the quality signals). The considered model upgrades the detection operation and acquires limited or inferior detection time. The first energy detector uses a single adaptive threshold (ED-SAT) while another energy detector employs two adaptive thresholds (ED-TAT). The threshold value is accommodative as it relays on noise variance (σ_ω^2), the behavior of noise variance transforms in accordance with noise signal. Both the detectors run collaboratively and their gain is then supply to a decision device which operates OR functions. In this research work, results shows that with cooperation of two antennas (Nr=2) in multiple antennas-based improved sensing detector (MA_ISD) technique delivers enhancement in detection performance by 24.6%, 53.4%, 37.9%, and 49.6%, in contrast to existing schemes (i.e., EDT-ASS-2015 scheme, ED and cyclo-2010, adaptive SS-2012, and conventional-ED) scheme at -12dB SNR, respectively. During the time, proposed technique also reduces the sensing time in the order of 47.0 ms, 49.0 ms, and 53.2 ms as compared to existing schemes (EDT-ASS-2015, Adaptive SS-2012, and ED and Cyclo-2010) scheme at - 20 dB SNR, respectively.
Organizational Structure at the Contemporary Interface
Authors: Thanh Le Minh
Published: July 2018

Organizational structure in today's complex ecosystems of the hospitality industry should be redesigned to secure their well-connected, leading, and adaptable position for success in the digital age. The combination of both traditional hierarchical and network structure has been used in this chapter as a practical framework to foster hospitality firms' corporate culture in triggering a virtuous cycle of growth. It also provides an operational insight into the opening question of how the organization as networks could be nimble, swift, and creative enough to grab opportunities at the social and digital interface. For this purpose, development of digital capabilities is one of the most critical needs for most leaders, from both customer and employee perspectives. An integrated corporate entrepreneurship attribute is also presented in a well-connected organizational structure that further provides various digital HR solutions of how to design tri-dimensional value propositions with real-time decision-making capability.
Decision-Making Cognitive Process
Authors: Spiegel Thais , Silva Ana Carolina P V
Published: July 2018

In the study of decision-making, the classical view of behavioral appropriateness or rationality was challenged by neuro and psychological reasons. The “bounded rationality” theory proposed that cognitive limitations lead decision-makers to construct simplified models for dealing with the world. Doctors' decisions, for example, are made under uncertain conditions, as without knowing precisely whether a diagnosis is correct or whether a treatment will actually cure a patient, and often under time constraints. Using cognitive heuristics are neither good nor bad per se, if applied in situations to which they have been adapted to be helpful. Therefore, this text contextualizes the human decision-making perspective to find descriptions that adhere more closely to the human decision-making process. Then, based on a literature review of cognition during decision-making, particularly in healthcare context, it addresses a model that identifies the roles of attention, categorization, memory, emotion, and their inter-relations, during the decision-making process.
Gaining Sustainable Competitive Advantage
Authors: Gomes Jorge , Romão Mário
Published: July 2018

Competitive advantage (CA) arises from a firm's attributes that allow one firm to create better customer value than others. Organizations of all sectors of the economy believe that sustainability is a way to achieve a differential advantage. CA is recognised as being the major cause for explaining top organizational performance and is a fundamental goal of academic management studies. There are two main views about obtaining a stable competitive position in the marketplace; The theory of industrial organization, re-introduced by Porter in the 1980s arguing that competitive advantage is caused by environmental opportunities. The resource-based view, which argues that every company creates its own competencies and capabilities can result in competitive advantages. The article shows how the balanced scorecard (BSC) can assist organizations in obtaining sustainable competitive advantage (SCA). The BSC development is a response to the criticism of traditional forms of accounting assessment. Academics and practitioners recognize the benefits of adopting the BSC concept.
Leveraging Pervasive Games for Tourism
Authors: Nóbrega Rui , Jacob João , Coelho António , Ribeiro João , Weber Jessika , Ferreira Soraia
Published: July 2018

Creating an augmented reality (AR) urban tourism application presents several interactivity challenges on how to convey an engaging multimedia experience on-site. This article describes a methodology for fast prototyping of multimedia mobile applications dedicated to urban tourism storytelling with special focus on AR techniques. Following the lessons learned in previous applications the systematic creation of location-based augmented reality (LBAR) applications is explored in this article. The goal is to create serious games for tourism that follow a main narrative but where the story can automatically adapt itself to the current location of the player, assimilate possible detours and allow posterior out-of-location playback. Adaptable stories can use dynamic information from map sources such as points of interest (POI), elevation or virtual buildings. The article discusses and presents solutions for media acquisition, interactive storytelling, game-design interface and multi-disciplinary coordination for mobile app development.
Creating Collaborative Environments for the Development of Slum Upgrading and Illegal Settlement Regularization Plans in Brazil
Authors: Zschaber de Araújo Rogério Palhares , Moura Ana Clara Mourão , Nogueira Thaisa Daniele Apóstolo
Published: July 2018

This article describes how slum upgrading comprehensive plans and urban regularization plans are two planning tools which have been used by Brazilian municipalities to promote integrated interventions in slums and illegal settlements. Aimed at urban-environmental improvements, as well as land regularization and socio-economic community development, these plans have been, however, criticized for being too technical, time-consuming, expensive and top-down oriented, lacking sufficient participation and a strategic approach to achieve community consensus on priorities, under severe budget restrictions to face complex problems and fast changing realities. This article discusses the results of a workshop held in Belo Horizonte, Brazil aimed at developing a methodology for the Maria Tereza neighborhood plan, using Geodesign framework and geovisualization strategies to create a collaborative environment and enhance stakeholders' participation. The decision model achieved proved to be a promising support tool for more effective and inclusive neighborhood rehabilitation and land regularization planning policies.
Big Data and Its Visualization With Fog Computing
Authors: Segall Richard S. , Niu Gao
Published: July 2018

Big Data is data sets that are so voluminous and complex that traditional data processing application software are inadequate to deal with them. This article discusses what is Big Data, and its characteristics, and how this information revolution of Big Data is transforming our lives and the new technology and methodologies that have been developed to process data of these huge dimensionalities. Big Data can be discrete or a continuous stream of data, and can be accessed using many types and kinds of computing devices ranging from supercomputers, personal work stations, to mobile devices and tablets. Discussion is presented of how fog computing can be performed with cloud computing as a mechanism for visualization of Big Data. An example of visualization techniques for Big Data transmitted by devices connected by Internet of Things (IoT) is presented for real data from fatality analysis reporting system (FARS) managed by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) of the United States Department of Transportation (USDoT). Big Data web-based visualization software are discussed that are both JavaScript-based and user interface-based. Challenges and opportunities of using Big Data with fog computing are also discussed.
Fog Computing Qos Review and Open Challenges
Authors: Babu R. , Jayashree K. , Abirami R.
Published: July 2018

Internet of Things (IoT) enables inters connectivity among devices and platforms. IoT devices such as sensors, or embedded systems offer computational, storage, and networking resources and the existence of these resources permits to move the execution of IoT applications to the edge of the network and it is known as fog computing. It is able to handle billions of Internet-connected devices and is well situated for real-time big data analytics and provides advantages in advertising and personal computing. The main issues in fog computing includes fog networking, QoS, interfacing and programming model, computation offloading, accounting, billing and monitoring, provisioning and resource management, security and privacy. A particular research challenge is the Quality of Service metric for fog services. Thus, this paper gives a survey of cloud computing, discusses the QoS metrics, and the future research directions in fog computing.
Automatic Composition System Based on Melodic Outlines and Music Theory
Authors: Yoshida Takayuki , Hochin Teruhisa , Nomiya Hiroki
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this article is to compose music clips satisfying selected ambience on an intended melody easily, and to get the satisfaction of self-making. The targets are beginners of music theory. To achieve those purposes, this article proposes the automatic composing system that takes impression words and outlines, which represent the melody's profile lines, as inputs. This system makes several arrangements and modifications to the initial melody based on the music theory. It is experimentally clarified that the music clips composed by the system are satisfactory, and their moods fit the specified impression words.
Taxicab Geometry Based Analysis on Skyline for Business Intelligence
Authors: Ghosh Partha , Goto Takaaki , Sen Soumya
Published: July 2018

This article describes how multi-criteria decision making problems are difficult to handle in normal SQL query processing. Skyline computation is generally used to solve these types of requirements by using dominance analysis and finding shortest distance with respect to a prime interesting point. However, in real life scenarios shortest distance may not be applicable in most of the cases due to different obstacles or barriers exist between the point of interests or places. In order to consider the presence of obstacles for geographically dispersed data, this research work uses Taxicab geometry for distance calculation, which is a simple Non-Euclidian geometry with minimum time complexity. Another limitation of previous skyline based works are that they only focus upon a single interesting point and can't be apply for multiple interesting points. This research article focuses upon multiple visiting points for the travelers in an optimized way. In addition to this, the article also selects areas for setting up of new business properties considering the constraints.
Technology and Ethical Behavior in Running Sports
Authors: Smith Norma
Published: July 2018

Wearable technologies' popularity in sporting practices continues to grow. Runners use GPS watches and activity trackers to track steps, log miles, map courses, and monitor heart rates. Likewise, wearables are integrated into long distance running events, with race officials relying on technologies to effectively execute events. However, technologies can also enable and monitor cheating. Many studies focusing on the individual explore why cheaters make unethical decisions. Actor-Network Theory shifts cheating's focus from the individual and moral failings to an assemblage that includes not only the runner, but nonhumans, such as technology, as well. A 2015 Canadian Ironman cheating incident case study illuminates intricate relationships and networks between humans and nonhumans. By examining the intersections of cheating and technology in running sports, the authors see where and how technology works as intended or is repurposed. Whereas a human-centered approach to sport and cheating dismisses wearables' agency, Actor-Network Theory reveals their underexamined, sociotechnical complexities.
Online Metacognitive Reading Strategies by Internal and External Locus of Control
Authors: Mesgar Mitra , Tafazoli Dara
Published: July 2018

This quantitative study focuses on online metacognitive reading strategies used by 39 Iranian postgraduate students with internal and external locus of control. The students were selected through locus of control questionnaire and it is followed by OSORS questionnaire to measure online metacognitive strategies used by students. The results of study revealed that online metacognitive reading strategies used mostly by internal locus of control students rather than external locus of control students. There were clear interrelationships among types of metacognitive reading strategies used and internal locus of control characteristics. Among three subcategories of metacognitive strategies, students with internal locus of control are more interested to use global strategies, whereas students with external locus of control tend less to use this strategy. Also, there was no significant difference in using problem-solving and supportive strategies used by the students.
Analysing disability policy in Namibia: An occupational justice perspective
Authors: Chichaya Tongai F. , Joubert Robin W.E. , McColl Mary Ann
Published: July 2018

Background: The Namibian disability policy of 1997 has not been reviewed for about 20 years, which has raised concerns with persons with disabilities and stakeholders in the fields of disability and rehabilitation. In March 2017, the government publicised its intention to review the policy. Thus, this study’s purpose was to generate evidence that can contribute to the development of a more current disability policy that will promote occupational justice.Objectives: The aim of the study was to develop an alternative disability policy option for Namibia and to present outcomes and trade-offs using a policy analysis approach while applying the occupational justice framework to gather evidence.Method: A qualitative research design and Bardach’s eightfold path approach to policy analysis were used. Critical disability theory provided the theoretical framework. The occupational justice framework was the conceptual framework for the study. Evidence from preceding phases of this study and appropriate literature was utilised to construct possible disability policy alternatives in Namibia, set evaluative criteria, project outcomes and confront trade-offs.Results: Three main disability policy alternatives emerged: access policy, support policy and universal coverage policy. Access policy had the fewest trade-offs, and the support policy had the most trade-offs in the Namibian context. Access policy was projected to foster occupational participation among persons with disabilities.Conclusion: Results have implications for selecting disability policy alternatives that promote occupational participation and justice among persons with disabilities in Namibia. Furthermore, the study has implications for advancing the practice of occupational justice in disability policy formulation.
A public practical-theological response and proposal to decolonisation discourse in South Africa: From #YourStatueMustFall and #MyStatueShouldBeErected to #BothOurStatuesShouldBeErected
Authors: Magezi Vhumani
Published: July 2018

The years 2015 and 2016 were marked by violent protests at South African universities. While the focus of many of the protests was on access to university education, an equally major theme was the decolonisation of universities. University statues, such as that of Cecil John Rhodes at the University of Cape Town and many others, were pulled down or defaced. Within the discourse on decolonisation of curriculum, statues were viewed as symbols of maintaining and preserving the colonial hegemony that is being sustained by a Western or Eurocentric curriculum taught at universities. These developments led to a national discourse, which, among others, highlighted universities as spaces of exclusion because of residual colonial features. These protests became represented by hashtags such as #RhodesMustFall. These protests indicated a conflict and contest to eradicate the remnants of colonialism, as represented by statues (#YourStatueMustFall), which some protesters argued should be replaced by symbols of black liberation and anti-apartheid iconic symbols (#MyStatueShouldBeErectedInstead). For an integrated South Africa, with its constitutional ideals of a rainbow nation, a discourse of coexistence is required (#BothOurStatuesShouldBeErected). In this situation, a contextually engaged reformatory public practical theology is required to contribute to a constructive discourse and coexistence.
A survey of plants used by rural small-scale farmers to control pests of cabbage in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Skenjana Nolitha L. , Poswal Maxwell A.
Published: July 2018

Background: Resource-poor small-scale farmers often cannot afford the high prices of chemical insecticides to control pests on crops; as a result, some use botanical insecticides. Aim: The aim of the study was to document ethnobotanical pest control methods used by rural small-scale farmers to control pests of cabbage in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Setting: 217 rural small-scale crop-producing farmers from 14 towns in the Amathole, Joe Gqabi, Alfred Nzo, Chris Hani and OR Tambo Districts participated in the study. Methods: Questionnaires were administered to consenting farmers between July and November in 2012, using the convenience and stratified purposive sampling techniques. Data collected were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis. Results: The majority of farmers using botanical insecticides were females above the age of 60 years. The farmers identified 23 plants, which they use in their pest control strategies against seven pests of cabbage. The annual herb Tagetes minuta L. (Asteraceae) was cited as the most commonly used herb by 47% of the respondents, followed by Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (Chenopodiceae), Aloe ferox Mills. (Asphodelaceae) and Nicotiana tabacum L. (Solanaceae). Various plant parts were used in combinations or alone in the preparation of formulations mainly against aphids, cutworms and the diamondback moth. Conclusion: The plants, plant parts, combinations and formulations used by farmers in their cabbage pest control strategies need to be scientifically authenticated for efficacy.
Designing a nutritional scoring system for assessing diet quality for children aged 10 years and under in the UK
Authors: Simon Antonia , O'Connell Rebecca , Stephen Alison M
Published: July 2018

In the UK there is no Diet Quality Index (DQI) that enables estimates of diet quality to be made for children of different age groups. This paper discusses the methodological complexities of designing an appropriate DQI for children aged 10 years and under, using dietary data in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) in relation to UK dietary guidelines. Two stages of the process of developing this score are described. The final score was employed as an outcome measure in secondary analysis of the NDNS and as a means of sampling 48 case study children from the NDNS. This DQI, like all composite measures, produces a summary of overall dietary quality. This may mask individual components important for understanding the health impacts of children's diets. However, DQIs are methodologically advantageous over 'data driven' dietary pattern approaches because they are based on existing knowledge of optimal dietary patterns and provide clear nutritional benchmarks for comparing dietary quality for population sub-groups. Our innovative scoring system enables children's diets to be compared for different age groups relative to UK dietary guidelines and is appropriate for use in quantitative analysis and for assessing diet quality more qualitatively for small groups of children.
Parámetros significativos durante los procesos de vaciado en conducciones de agua
Authors: Coronado-Hernández O.E. , Fuertes-Miquel V.S. Samuel , Iglesias-Rey P.L. , Mora-Meliá D.
Published: July 2018

El proceso de vaciado en conducciones de agua genera depresiones por la expansión del aire en el interior de las tuberías y esto podría causar el colapso del sistema dependiendo de las condiciones de instalación y de la rigidez de la conducción. En este artículo se presenta el análisis de sensibilidad del modelo matemático desarrollado por los autores, analizando los principales parámetros hidráulicos y termodinámicos que intervienen en este proceso tales como: diámetro interior de la tubería, factor de fricción, pendiente longitudinal de la tubería, coeficiente politrópico, diámetro de la ventosa, tamaño de la bolsa de aire y tiempo de apertura. Este análisis se realizó para dos casos posibles: Caso No. 1, tubería con el extremo aguas arriba cerrado; y Caso No. 2, tubería con una ventosa instalada en el extremo aguas arriba. Los resultados muestran que para el Caso No. 1 los parámetros que más inciden en las depresiones son la pendiente longitudinal de la tubería, el coeficiente politrópico y el tamaño de la bolsa de aire; mientras que para el Caso No. 2, la mayoría de los parámetros influyen significativamente durante el proceso de vaciado.
Aesthetic Theory, Abstract Art, and Lawrence Carroll
Authors: Carrier David
Published: July 2018

Boldly developing the central traditions of American modernist abstraction, Lawrence Carroll’s paintings engage with a fundamental issue of aesthetic theory, the nature of the medium of painting, in highly original, frequently extraordinarily successful ways. Aesthetic Theory, Abstract Art, and Lawrence Carroll explains how he understands the medium of painting; shows what his art says about the identity of painting as an art; discusses the place of his paintings in the development of abstraction; and, finally, offers an interpretation of his art. The first monograph devoted to him, this philosophical commentary employs the resources of analytic aesthetics. Art historians trace the development of art, explaining how what came earlier yields to what comes later. Taking for granted that the artifacts they describe are artworks, art historians place them within the history of art. Philosophical art writers define art, explain why it has a history and identify its meaning. Pursuing that goal, Aesthetic Theory, Abstract Art, and Lawrence Carroll roams freely across art history, focused at some points on the story of old master painting and sometimes on the history of modernism, but looking also to contemporary art, in order to provide the fullest possible philosophical perspective on Carroll’s work.