bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Work-Family Interaction Strain: Coping Strategies Used by Successful Women in the Public, Corporate and Self-Employed Sectors of the Economy
Authors: Brink Beatrix , de la Rey Cheryl
Published: July 2017

The main objective of this study was to identify the coping strategies used by successful South African women of all races in dealing with work-family interaction strain. Using a transactional approach, the study also investigated cognitive appraisal as a key antecedent of coping with work-family interaction strain. A survey was conducted with a sample comprising 110 women in the public, corporate and self-employed sectors of the economy. All the participants were married with at least one child of pre school or school going age. The women worked in positions from middle management and higher in corporate or public sector organisations or were business owners with at least four employees. Quantitative and qualitative data were obtained by means of a self-report questionnaire. The main finding of the study showed that the participants used both emotional and problem-focused coping strategies to deal with the hypothetical work-family interaction strain situation. These strategies were positive reappraisal, planful problem solving, self-controlling and seeking social support. Not one of these coping strategies was significantly favoured above the others. The study did not find evidence of a relationship between the participants' cognitive appraisal of the hypothetical situation and their choice of coping strategy, except with regard to cognitive appraisal, control and the coping strategy, escape avoidance; the higher the participant scored on cognitive appraisal, control, the less likely they were to choose escape-avoidance as a coping strategy in dealing with the situation. The article discusses these findings in relation to past studies in other countries and suggestions for further research are presented.
Migration and the Quasi-labor Market in Russia
Authors: Mitchneck Beth , Plane David A.
Published: July 2017

This paper explores the twin concepts of labor demand and labor mobility during the Soviet and post-Soviet periods. The study uses a detailed data set on labor stock, industrial labor demand, and labor flows for the 1980s in the Yaroslavl Oblast, and data on migration and regional labor markets for all Russian regions in the 1990s. Contextual features, such as the social contract, full employment, methods of labor allocation, and a generally low rate of geographic mobility, distinguish the centrally planned quasi-labor market from the labor market in capitalist democracies. The findings suggest that net in-migration induces employment change in the current period rather than in a future period. The job creation effects appear concurrent with migration during the Soviet period. In the post-Soviet period, migration and employment relationships are not predictable based on the same relationships during the Soviet period.
A Zero-inflated Poisson Model of Migration Frequency
Authors: Bohara Alok K. , Krieg Randall G.
Published: July 2017

This paper shows that the frequency of migration can be best modeled by a zero-inflated Poisson process, because it takes into account the overwhelming presence of zeros (nonmigrants) in the data. A failure to do so can cause the coefficients to be biased and also result in poor prediction. The major finding is that by using a zero-inflated process, the performance of the model in predicting migration behavior is substantially improved. In addition, frequent movers tend to be white, nonunionized, and tend to have fewer children, less stable marriages, and more frequent occupational changes.
Determining side of vestibular dysfunction with rotatory chair testing
Authors: Hamid Mohamed A.
Published: July 2017

Determining side of vestibular lesion remains a challenging task during neurotologic investigations, particularly if auditory laterallzing signs are absent. Traditionally, absent or decreased caloric response has been regarded as evidence of unilateral vestibular deficit. But, the inability of the chair test to detect side of lesion has been generally accepted because rotation stimulates both end organs. A retrospective study postulated and tested a hypothesis that low‐frequency asymmetry of sinusoidal harmonic acceleration (SHA) testing can determine side of lesion when phase is abnormal. The present prospective, double‐blind study was designed to further test the retrospective study hypothesis. Results showed that SHA asymmetry detects side of unilateral vestibular deficit when phase is abnormal in 97% of cases.
Myringoplasty in children
Authors: Shih Lucy , de Tar Thomas , Crabtree James A.
Published: July 2017

This series examines the results of myringoplasty in children using the overlay technique. Controversy still surrounds the issue of proper timing of surgery on the basis of preoperative assessment of tubal function. Results of this technique in children, using contralateral ear status as the primary predictor of success, found an overall success rate of 78%. Age appears to be a significant factor because children 10 years old and younger were found to have a higher incidence of surgical failures.
St. Stephen's Society, Hong Kong
Authors: Pullinger Jackie
Published: July 2017

St. Stephen's Society, Hang Fook Camp, Kowloon, Hong Kong was formally registered in 1981, but its origins go back to 1966. It is a member of the Hong Kong Council of Social Services and the central Registry of Drug Abuse. The Society works in cooperation with the courts, doctors and social workers to provide a spiritual, physical, emotional, educational and social rehabilitation programme. St. Stephen's houses about 300 people on any given day. It meets in Hang Fook Camp which is leased to them by the Hong Kong Government where a regular meeting is held for Christian Fellowship, the Hang Fook Christian Fellowship.
National survey of children aged 8-18 years with persisting communication problems associated with cleft palate
Authors: Nash Penelope , Stengelhofen Jackie , Toombs Louise , Brown Jane , Kellow Beryl
Published: July 2017

A national postal survey was sent to all speech and language therapy managers/directors in England and Wales (n =206), to identify individuals aged 8-18 years with a cleft palate, who have persisting communication difficul-ties. Twelve of the 303 young people identified in the survey were studied further through a residential intervention programme (July 1999). The findings have far-reaching implications for all involved in the management of these children/adolescents’ psychosocial welfare, especially the Cleft Palate Team and those responsible for their education. [The term ‘cleft palate’ incorporates those with cleft lip and palate and non-cleft velopharyngeal incompetence (VPI).]
Case studies on the efficacy of expansions and subject-verb-object models in early language intervention
Authors: Loeb Diane Frome , Armstrong Nicole
Published: July 2017

This study evaluated the effectiveness of two early language interventions. Five toddlers (three with current specific expressive language delays and two with a history of expressive language delay) were randomly assigned to a subject-verb-object (SVO) intervention, which targeted increasing SVO productions or a short expansion (SE) intervention, which targeted increasing mean length of utterance (MLU). All children made gains in their targeted goals and did not show gains in their control goals. The rate and extent of change as a result of intervention varied across children and may be explained by factors specific to the child and the intervention procedure.
The effectiveness of a prosodic intervention on children’s metrical patterns
Authors: Shea Rebecca L , Tyler Ann A
Published: July 2017

Use of a trochaic template (S-w) stress pattern in early words and phrases has been documented in both normal and disordered populations. The purpose of this multiple baseline study was to determine the effectiveness of a prosodic intervention focusing on w-S stress patterns in phonological phrases and prosodic words, and its generalization to w-S patterns in untrained multi-syllabic words and phrases. Two children with speech and language impairments participated in a three-phase experimental treatment that focused on the article ‘the’ in phrases. Generalization probes designed to examine all phases of the therapy sequence and untrained stimuli were administered throughout therapy. Results indicate that the intervention procedures facilitated change in both children’s productions of w-S stress patterns in untrained multisyllabic words, although less so in untrained phrases.
Making a Drama Out of a Crisis? A Consideration of the Book of Job as a Drama
Authors: Shelton Pauline
Published: July 2017

The article considers afresh whether the book of Job may have originated as a drama, as suggested by its three-act structure, and its use of the play-within-a-play device. It assesses its relationship to other early dramatic forms—tragedy, comedy and Semitic drama—and concludes that there is sufficient structural evidence to explore Job as a drama, thus opening the text up to new meanings and insights. The untheatrical drama of Job is then compared to the highly theatrical drama of Luigi Pirandello's 1921 play Six Characters in Search of an Author in terms of plot, character, dialogue, thought and enactment, allowing each text to illuminate the dramatic nature of the other. The concluding observation is that Six Characters enacts isolation, entrapment and a breakdown in communication; while the drama of the book of Job passes beyond this primal scream to reveal truths of incarnation and redemption.
Hägerstrand matters: life(-path) and death matters—some touching remarks
Authors: Pred Allan
Published: July 2017

[C]haracteristically, it is not only a man's knowledge or wisdom, but above all his real life—and this is the stuff stories are made of—which first assumes transmissible form at the moment of his death. Just as a sequence of images is set in motion inside a man as his life comes to an end—unfolding the views of himself in which he has encountered himself without being aware of it—suddenly in his expressions and looks the unforgettable emerges, and imparts to everything that concerned him that authority which even the poorest wretch in the act of dying possesses for the living around him. This authority lies at the very origin of the story.
Book Review: Colonial precedents and sovereign powers: a response
Authors: Gregory Derek
Published: July 2017

One thought alone preoccupies the submerged mind of Empire: how not to end, how not to die, how to prolong its era. By day it pursues its enemies. It is cunning and ruthless, it sends its bloodhounds everywhere. By night it feeds on images of disaster: the sack of cities, the rape of populations, pyramids of bones, acres of desolation.
“Sisters First”: Betrothal Order and Age at Marriage in Fifteenth-Century Ragusa
Authors: Rheubottom David B.
Published: July 2017

This reinterpretation of the Mediterranean Marriage Pattern is based on an anthropological-historical study of patrician marriages in the fifteenth-century city-state of Ragusa. In a comparison of marriage in Ragusa and Florence, it is argued that age at marriage is related to the order in which siblings are betrothed. That order is that sisters should become betrothed before brothers. Using computer simulation, it is shown that this does significantly delay the age at which brothers can become betrothed. This interpretation is related to considerations of honor, dowry, the economics of householding, and ties of patronage between affines.
Church Membership, Consanguineous Marriage, and Migration in a Scotch-Irish Frontier Population
Authors: Reid Russell M.
Published: July 2017

This article discusses the persistence of a pattern of close consanguineous marriages among a group of Scotch-Irish American families that migrated in almost every generation from the early 1700s to the mid-1800s These migrations involved not separate nuclear families, but small networks of families already related by marriage and common descent. Such kin-structured migration created a small set of kin at each new destination who became the focus of spouse selection for the next generation of marriages. The histories of these families suggest that ethnic and denominational separateness from other frontier populations may have contributed both to the pattern of kin-structured migration and, through endogamy, to the associated consanguineous marriages.
Survival Strategies in Female-Headed Households: Linen Workers in Tullylish, County Down, 1901
Authors: Cohen Marilyn
Published: July 2017

Recent scholarship reveals that women's employment patterns in the nineteenth century were more complex than the prevailing family wage ideology might suggest. This was especially true for those women living in female-headed households. Although female-headed households represented a sizeable minority of the working class, there has been little systematic analysis of them in Ireland. This article addresses this gap and contributes to a more differentiated perspective by examining several survival strategies utilized by female-headed households to ensure independence in the Ulster parish of Tullylish, in 1900, including employment patterns, household formation, marriage patterns, literacy, and schooling.
Changes in Crystallinity of the HDPE Matrix in Composites with Cellulosic Fiber Using DSC and FTIR
Authors: Colomw X. , CaÑavate J. , Pagέs P. , Saurina J. , Carrasco F.
Published: July 2017

The ageing of HDPE/cellulosic fiber composite exposed to drastic weather and the percentages of cellulosic fibers are responsible for some changes in the crystallinity of component matrix (HDPE). Two types of samples have been evaluated during different periods of time (up to 90 days). One in which cellulosic fibers have not been treated and another in which fibers have been given a treatment with a coupling agent, silane type, which favours the fiber adhesion to the matrix. Two instrumental analysis techniques have been used to determine the crystallinity changes of HDPE: Fourier Transform Infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC).
Effectiveness of Anchorage in Concrete Beams Retrofitted with Sprayed Fiber-reinforced Polymers
Authors: Lee H. K.
Published: July 2017

This paper presents the result of an experimental study conducted to investigate the effectiveness of anchorage in concrete beams retrofitted with sprayed fiber-reinforced polymers (SFRP). It was intended to investigate whether the anchorage was an effective method to enhance the bond between the repair system and the application face. The anchorage is based on the idea of embedding the ends of the SFRP layer into preformed slits in the concrete so that the SFRP layer and anchors behave as a body. A series of three-point bending tests were conducted on notched plain concrete specimens retrofitted with SFRP layer and anchors. The test results were compared with those of control specimens and specimens retrofitted with SFRP without anchors to compare the performance enhancement between specimens with and without anchorage. The results show that the bond between the application face and the SFRP was sufficient enough to transfer the loads in the specimen to the repair system. The anchorage was not essential to enhancing the performance of concrete beams retrofitted with SFRP.
Dynamic Behavior of Thick Composite Beams
Authors: Koo Kyo-Nam , Lee In
Published: July 2017

A numerical computation and experimental tests have been performed for the investigation of dynamic behavior of thick composite beams. The present finite element method can effectively evaluate transverse shear deformation by considering layerwise in-plane displacements. The natural frequencies and damping values were measured by fitting the frequency response function obtained from FFT analyzer. The frequencydependent damping properties of composite material were measured to utilize them for the finite element analysis of thick cross-ply cantilevered beams. The experimental results are in good agreement with those of finite element analysis.
A Micromechanical Analysis of the Elastic Behavior of Aligned Short-Fiber Reinforced Composites
Authors: Chen Du , Cheng Shun
Published: July 2017

This paper presents a cell-stress approach for predicting the elastic and thermal behavior of aligned short-fiber reinforced composites, which is based on modeling a composite lamina with a regular array of material cells, constructing a possible stress pattern for a representative cell and then minimizing the complementary energy of the representative cell under given average stresses. The procedure is concise in concept, theoretically adaptable and easy to conduct. Typical features of the stress state in a material cell of the composite are exhibited. The concerned overall properties of the composite are studied numerically in relation to its geometrical parameters of construction.
Determination of Shear Properties for RP Pultruded Composites
Authors: Sonti S. S. , Barbero E. J. , Winegardner T.
Published: July 2017

A complete understanding of the behavior of a structural system comprising RP components necessitates the determination of material properties for these components. Properties of interest include tensile, compressive, shear and bending stiffness and strength. This study focuses on the identification of a reliable test method for the determination of in-plane shear modulus and strength. Iosipescu shear tests and torsion tests were conducted on coupon samples. Results indicate that the torsion test is an easier and reliable method for the determination of shear modulus whereas the Iosipescu test should be used for the determination of shear strength.
Structural Durability of Damaged Metallic Panel Repaired with Composite Patches
Authors: Minnetyan Levon , Chamis Christos C.
Published: July 2017

Structural durability/damage tolerance characteristics of an aluminum tension specimen possessing a short crack and repaired by applying a fiber composite surface patch is investigated via computational simulation. The composite patch is made of graphite/epoxy plies with various layups. An integrated computer code that accounts for all possible failure modes is utilized for the simulation of combined fiber-composite/ aluminum structural degradation under loading. Damage initiation, growth, accumulation, and propagation to structural fracture are included in the simulation. Results show the structural degradation stages due to tensile loading and illustrate the use of computational simulation for the investigation of a composite patch repaired cracked metallic panel.
Experimental Analysis of Relation between Shear Coupling Element and Bias Angle of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polyether-Polyester Elastomer Composites
Authors: Shonaike G. O. , Matsuo T.
Published: July 2017

Carbon fiber reinforced polyether-polyester elastomer composites with different fiber volume fraction were fabricated by compression molding. Comparison between the experimental and theoretical values of the ratio of the shear modulus to extensional modulus and the relation between the in-plane shear coupling deformation and bias angle were studied. Excellent agreement between theory and experiment is observed when the fiber volume fraction is equal or less than 50%. Similarly, the in-plane shear coupling deformation vanishes around 53.8° in samples with 40 and 50% fiber volume fraction. In sample with 60% fiber volume fraction, it disappears at 50.6°. Therefore, the disappearance of shear coupling deformation depends on the fiber volume fraction.
Viscoplastic Behaviour of PMMA Blends-the Effect of Moisture Absorption
Authors: Kontiou E. , Spathis G. , Kavadias C.
Published: July 2017

The mechanical properties of a polymeric blend based on PMMA and Poly(butyl methacrylate, methylmethacrylate) were studied. This mixture is the main component of the so-called bone cement used for various biomedical applications. Different types of samples have been prepared with varying the antibiotic content. The compressive stress-strain behaviour has been studied at various strain rates, before and after immersion in water at 37°C, simulating in this way the physiological environment of these materials. Moreover, thermal expansion coefficient tests were carried out in order to check the dimensional stability of the materials examined.
Analysis of Composite Structures Using the 3-D Global/3-D Local Method
Authors: Srinivasan S. , BIGGERS S. B. , Latour R. A.
Published: July 2017

A global/local (G/L) method is presented for the analysis of composite structures that need to be modeled in 3-D. The method employs a modified version of effective stiffnesses specification at the global level such that both extensional and flexural behavior of symmetric composite structures are replicated. A numerical verification problem of a quasi-isotropic composite cantilever beam with mid-beam cut-outs under edge pressure load is used to determine the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed 3-D Global/3-D Local method. The effect of global stiffness specification on the local solution is explored. Results indicate that the proposed G/L method may be over 20 times more efficient while the error in both in-plane and interlaminar stresses are less than 5% when compared to the predictions of a highly refined finite element model used as a control.
Preliminary Plastic Part Design: Focus on Material Selection and Basic Geometry While Balancing Mechanical Performance and Manufacturing Cost
Authors: Beiter Kurt A. , Cardinal James M. , Ishii Kosuke
Published: July 2017

This paper describes a procedure for considering mechanical requirements, manufacturing costs, and material selection in the design of injection molded parts. The benefit of this approach is the simultaneous consideration of the implications of material selection and part geometry on estimated manufacturing cost during candidate design selection. The current implementation uses the allowable deflection of a flat plate as an example performance measure. Manufacturability concerns include required part thickness and gating scheme to adequately mold the part, and a resulting cycle time based on part cooling time estimates. Part manufacturing cost includes material cost, cycle time, and production costs. A PC-based program illustrates our proposed procedure.
A Design Procedure for Large Spherical Domes under External Pressure
Authors: Krishnamachari S. I. , Broutman L. J.
Published: July 2017

Large, thinwalled, spherical domes are favored as view windows in underwater leisure vehicles. Such domes are made of polycarbonate material for clarity. Also, their design and construction are governed by the applicable ASME Code [1]. At the basis of the said ASME standard are small aperture windows subjected to high pressure, such as those used in very deep sea research vehicles. However, the leisure vehicles are different both in size and the applied external pressure. Such domes need to be designed against buckling.

Buckling of apparently symmetrical shapes can be unsymmetrical due to thickness variations, property variations, orientations, non-linear behavior of the material, hydraulic gradients of the pressure over the dome surface, and fluctuations of external pressure due to waves. Furthermore, the theoretical mode shapes for perfect, thin walled, symmetrical shells can themselves be unsymmetrical. Thus, one needs to recognize the shell buckling in unsymmetrical mode, at a pressure far less than the critical pressure predicted by linear elastic theories; also, the corresponding mode shape does not necessarily relate to the lowest mode.

In this paper, an extra-code viewpoint is discussed for the design of large view diameter domes for functionality. An example is used to simulate the buckling process by the finite element method. Lastly, a design procedure is proposed which essentially assumes the experimentally observed lower buckling pressures as the basis rather than the linear elastic buckling formulas.
Effect of Load Distribution and Placement in the Iosipescu Shear Test
Authors: Whitney James M.
Published: July 2017

The presence of the v-notch has tended to be the focus of stress analyses performed in conjunction with the Iosipescu shear test. However, load placement and distribution relative to the notch cross section can have an effect on the shear stress distribution. In addition, the axial normal and transverse normal stresses do not necessarily vanish between the notches. Loading effects are examined in the present paper by considering an exact elasticity solution for a straight beam (no v-notch) with Iosipescu type loading. Numerical results indicate that load placement and distribution effects depend on material properties.
Visualization of Injection Molding
Authors: Bress Thomas J. , Dowling David R.
Published: July 2017

Even though it is considered a mature technology, the commercial importance of injection molding continues to drive research on how processing parameters impact final part characteristics. In particular, the influence of flow phenomena, which largely control molecular orientation within the mold cavity, is not fully understood. Results are presented from a study of polymer flow during injection molding using a clear mold that allows optical access from three sides, in a standard commercial machine, under standard molding conditions for polystyrene. Comparisons are drawn between the experimental results and the predictions of a commercial code for global mold filling properties.
Effect of Macro and Micro Voids on Elastic Properties of Polymer Composites
Authors: Wu Yinan , Shivpuri Rajiv , Lee L. James
Published: July 2017

An analytical model is presented to estimate elastic properties of polymer composites with voids of various sizes and locations. The model is based upon a multi level homogenization procedure incorporated with a micromechanics model. Different scenarios of voids in fiber reinforced composites are considered and their effects on deterioration of elastic properties of the composites are analyzed. Comparisons with finite element numerical results and available experimental results for unidirectional fiber reinforced composites are also provided as an evidence of the applicability of the model.
Models for Predicting Thermomechanical Properties of Three-Dimensional Orthogonal Woven Composites
Authors: Tan Ping , Tong Leyong , Steven Grant P.
Published: July 2017

Unit cell and laminate modeling approaches were previously developed for predicting the effective elastic constants of three-dimensional (3D) orthogonal woven fabric composites [1]. For both models, the finite element analysis (FEA) and theoretical analysis methods were proposed. In the FEA method, finite element meshes were generated using the commercial FEA software Strand6, while in the theoretical analysis methods, closed-form formulas were derived using elastic mechanics theory and the "X model," "Y model" and "Z model" [2]. In this paper, both the unit cell and laminate modeling approaches were used to predict the effective coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) for 3D orthogonal woven fabric composites. The present numerical study showed that there is a good agreement between the FEA and theoretical analysis results. Also, a good agreement was noted between the present predicted results and experimental results available in the literature. Parametric studies were conducted to investigate the effects of the yarn cross-sectional shape, lamina block layer number, lamina block thickness, through-the-thickness (or z) yarn volume fraction and its space (i.e., space between two adjacent z yarns) on the effective coefficients of thermal expansion. It is worth pointing out that the theoretical models and the relevant formulas for predicting the effective coefficients of thermal expansion can also be used to predict the effective coefficients of moisture expansion for 3D orthogonal woven fabric composites.
Shrinkage Analysis of Molded Parts Using Neural Network
Authors: Lee Sang Chan , Youn Jae Ryoun
Published: July 2017

To predict the shrinkage of molded parts using numerical simulations, the mathematical model should be simplified to overcome the difficulties of formulation due to non-linearity of problems. It is hard to predict the shrinkage exactly because of the simplification.

In the present work, the neural network is used to predict the shrinkage which can implement nonlinear models very well. Comparison between the results of neural network and that of the commercial analysis software, ABAQUS, shows that the result of the neural network is in better agreement with that of the experiments.
Studies on the Variations in Compression Strengths of Graphite Powders Bearing Glass-Epoxy Composites Exposed to Humid Conditions
Authors: Singh V. K. , Kishore
Published: July 2017

The moisture absorption and changes in compression strengths in glassepoxy (G-E) composites without and with discrete quantities of graphite powders introduced into the resin mix prior to its spreading on specific glass fabric (layers) during the lay-up (stacking) sequence forms the subject matter of this report. The results point to higher moisture absorption for graphite bearing specimens. The strengths of graphite-free coupons show a continuous decrease, while the filler bearing ones show an initial rise followed by a drop for larger exposure times. Scanning fractographic features were examined for an understanding of the process. The observations were explained invoking the effect of matrix plasticizing and the role of interfacial regions.
Design and Analysis of Spiral Mandrel Dies for Wire Coating Application
Authors: Schläfli Daniel
Published: July 2017

Spiral mandrel dies are commonly used for pipe and blown film extrusion. Despite their attractive properties they have not been used for wire-coating applications, because the feeding of the rather large number of spirals led to designs with unacceptably high pressure losses.

A design procedure using only a few spiral channels avoids the aforementioned drawbacks and is suitable for wire-coating applications. Backed up by experimental data and a numerical flow analysis, excellent results in terms of concentricity and regularity can be obtained.
Fibre Prestressed Composites: Improvement of Flexural Properties through Fibre Prestressing
Authors: Motahhari Siamak , Cameron John
Published: July 2017

The effects of fibre prestressing have been investigated on the flexural properties of glass-epoxy composites. Fibre prestressed composites were made by applying and maintaining a known amount of tension on the fibres during the curing process of the epoxy resin. In the next step, bending tests were conducted on a tensile machine using four point bending. In this study the modulus and strength of the fibre prestressed composite increased up to 33%. The experimental data also indicated that there existed a fibre prestressing level at which the flexural properties reached their maximum values. This prestressing level was found to be a function of the curing temperature. A mechanism has been proposed to explain the improvement of the flexural properties by the use of fibre prestressing during the cure process.
Knowledge Gap on Cervical, Colorectal Cancer Exists among U.S. Women
Authors: Gaziano Cecilie , Horozvitz Alice M.
Published: July 2017

This study finds a knowledge gap among women aged 40 and over concerning cervical and colorectal cancers. The gap is greatest for the more publicized issue, colorectal cancer.
Meaningful Discussion of Performance Missing
Authors: Nemeth Neil , Sanders Craig
Published: July 2017

Content analysis reveals that corrections and ombudsman columns deal mostly with objective errors but contribute little to a meaningful discussion about newspapers' performance.
Verification Procedures for Non-Staff News Items
Authors: Bridges Lamar W. , Bridges Janet A.
Published: July 2017

City editors at 187 daily newspapers ranging in size from less than 5,000 circulation to 100,000-plus say they have policies to safeguard against bogus information getting into print. But enough papers still report problems with bogus letters to the edior and fake obits to raise concerns about accuracy and the impact on credibility.
Application of Libel Law Principles by Kansas Editors
Authors: Bunker Matthew D.
Published: July 2017

These editors demonstrated a reasonable grasp of libel law. Some editors, however, expressed considerable wariness about certain libel issues.
The Impact of Shared Mail on Editorial Quality in Non-Daily Newspapers
Authors: Smith Ken
Published: July 2017

Study of non-dailies in Utah shows competition from shared mail had varied impact on quality of editorial content.
Newspaper Accuracy: A New Approach
Authors: Kennedy George
Published: July 2017

Checking before publication reduces errors. What's more, both sources and readers favor the idea.
Better Evaluation Is Needed for Economic Development Programs to Thrive
Authors: Bartik Timothy J.
Published: July 2017

This article makes the case for more rigorous evaluations of state and local economic development programs, and provides some suggestions on how more rigorous evaluations may be accomplished.
Introduction: Women's Fortunes and Economic Restructuring
Authors: Dewar Margaret E. , Fitzgerald Joan , Leigh Nancey Green
Published: July 2017

Little information exists about the effects of economic restructuring on American women. Effects on men and women likely differ because women have the major responsibility for household work and because men and women are segregated by occupation. Women lose jobs less often than men, but are unemployed longer, less likely to find new work in manufacturing, and much more likely to leave the labor force. Women account for the majority of the increase in multiple jobholders. Geographically isolated female workers affect the location, growth, or reorganization of work—in low-wage manufacturing and office functions, for instance. Much remains unknown about the differential effects on men and women of the increase in temporary work and multiple jobholding, for instance, and the nature of economic restructuring stimulated by poor female minority populations in inner cities. Conventional economic development programs are poorly adapted to solving the problems women face during economic restructuring.
Assembling “Genuine GM Parts”: Rural Homeworkers and Economic Development
Authors: Gringeri Christina E.
Published: July 2017

This article examines industrial homeworking, a particular form of restructured production, in two rural, midwestern communities that incorporated these jobs as part of an economic development strategy. Case studies of these communities provide the data to discuss the process of development and the conditions of homeworking. Homework, as development, incorporated the gendered division of labor in the home into market relations and promoted uneven development between urban and rural areas. These cases point to the need to reconceptualize development, especially in rural communities.
Rural Women in a Restructuring Economy: Work and Commuting in Eastern Iowa
Authors: MacDonald Heather , Peters Alan
Published: July 2017

Rural women's labor-force participation rates have increased rapidly over the past decade and a half, simultaneous with economic restructuring in both metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. This article examines women's labor-force participation and returns to employment within four nonmetropolitan counties in eastern Iowa, contiguous with three metropolitan areas. The job structures and job rewards of women employed in four industry groups in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan job locations are compared in the context of the constraints posed by commuting costs. Also examined are findings about the nature and extent of nonmetropolitan women's labor-force participation in the context of the employment restructuring trends in the metropolitan and nonmetropolitan portions of the study area.
Sheffield's Institute for Information Technology
Authors: Wellington J.J.
Published: July 2017

The University of Sheffield's Institute for Information Technology was formally opened in 1986. It is located in premises close to the centre of Sheffield and contains a large foyer/exhibition area, a seminar room, meeting rooms and offices. Since its inception, the institute has developed a number of important initiatives in the development and dissemination of information technology (IT) which are described in detail in this report.
Planning for lifelong education
Authors: Weimer William A.
Published: July 2017

Continuing education has become a large market with participation by industrial firms, educational institutions and firms in the business of education. Both education and industry should develop strategies for their involvement in continuing education. Both should commit to the concept of lifelong learning as essential for their success. Both should consider cooperative projects as one of the most cost-effective ways of providing continuing education. Both should improve communication with each other to improve our capability to identify appropriate joint projects and to improve our management of them.
Marketing academic technology
Authors: Duff E. J.
Published: July 2017

Universities are increasingly feeling the need to commercialize the results of their research. This article describes the experiences of one of the major UK institutions established for this purpose, Vuman Ltd. The company was established in 1981 by the Victoria University of Manchester for the purpose of exploiting technology arising from research from within the university. Vuman Ltd is a multi-activity company, with interests ranging from contract research, the implementation of expert systems, and the manufacture of scientific and medical equipment. It offers a software systems house and provides a patenting and licensing service to the university. The origins of Vuman are described, together with its modus operandi, and the consequences of success and failure are discussed.
Common ground Lessons for building industry-university alliances
Authors: Blandin Don M.
Published: July 2017

On the occasion of the formation of the European University-Industry Forum, the director of the US Business-Higher Education Forum reflects on lessons learned about business-academic alliances during the first ten years of the American Forum's experiment in collaboration.
Management education: A proposal for engineers and technologists
Authors: Wild Ray
Published: July 2017

This paper presents some personal views of the author on management education and on the education of engineers and technologists. It looks at the relationship between education and training for these two groups. It describes a need for action in the provision of management education and proposes an experimental centre to undertake the kind of education that is beyond the means of engineering departments and business schools.
Creating Biocompatibles Limited
Authors: Chapman Dennis
Published: July 2017

This paper discusses some of the attitudes of academics to industry as seen over the time period of 1968–88, and indicates some of the recent changes which have taken place. A recommendation made in an inaugural lecture in 1968 that greater coupling of basic science into the industrial world should occur has been put into practice with the creation of a new bioscience company -Biocompatibles Limited. This new company is situated at the new Brunel University Science Park.
Industrial Liaison Executives propose to mobilize EC scientific resources
Authors: Sellar F. Keith
Published: July 2017

The future place that the European community attains in the international high-technology markets will greatly depend on whether it is capable of properly mobilizing and marketing its relevant scientific and technological resources, including those emanating from its higher education (HE) sector.
The Reading University-industry link
Authors: Giles A.K.
Published: July 2017

The last decade has seen the emergence and growth in this country, and elsewhere, of science parks. In 1984 the United Kingdom Science Park Association (UKSPA) was set up with eight founder members. The mushrooming that followed meant that by 1986 the Association could report 28 fully operated parks, seven others under construction and a number of Associate Members, of which Reading University was one.
A Review of the Science Council of Canada's Study of University–Industry Interaction and Economic Renewal
Authors: Gillies Donald J.
Published: July 2017

In the first of two articles published together on the Science Council of Canada's study, Winning in a World Economy, Donald Gillies introduces the Science Council of Canada, discusses the origins of the study, reviews the report in general and its recommendations, and then reviews in turn each of the background papers that make up the study.
COMETT—Past, Present and Future
Authors: O'Sullivan David
Published: July 2017

The COMETT conference was opened by David O'Sullivan Head of Unit in the Task Force, Human Resources, Education, Training and Youth, the EC Commission Service that manages the COMETT programme. This paper gives a broad historical overview of the COMETT programme, from its inception at a meeting in Galway, Ireland, in 1984 to its prospects after the end of COMETT II at the end of 1994.
Role of University—Enterprise Interface Institutions
Authors: Fernandes António S.C.
Published: July 2017

Following the conclusions of recent IRDAC reports, an analysis is presented which considers the COMETT Programme objectives and the projected evolution of the education and the training systems in the European Community. The concept, praxis and the potential of University Enterprise Training Partnerships (UETPs) are measured against their role in promoting the growth and adaptation of these systems to the new needs of Europe.
Dos and Don'ts of Academic–Industrial Collaboration
Authors: Burgmeier Sharron Thompson
Published: July 2017

This article is written from personal experience of four collaboration projects. The author is with a software company and her article contains a list of suggestions for industrialists and academics about to embark on a collaboration.
Establishing Successful Partnerships
Authors: Blandin Don M.
Published: July 2017

Against the background of the cost crisis in US educational institutions and the changing nature of the global economy and international competition, both of which factors are acting as accelerating forces in the establishment and development of industry–higher education partnerships, Don Blandin sets out five key criteria that are fundamental to the evolution of successful partnerships. He then tests these criteria in the context of the efforts of the US Business–Higher Education Forum to establish relationships with and encourage university–industry cooperation in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The article offers insights into the working of industry–education relationships in general as well as the challenge and opportunity inherent in exchanging experience across political, economic and social cultures.
New Methods of Technological Cooperation in Europe
Authors: Schmied Helwig
Published: July 2017

This article is founded on the basic assumption that Europe taken as a whole possesses all the necessary resources to combat successfully any non-European competitor in the fields of technology, provided that it solves the management problem of organizing the coordination of those resources. At present, the author argues, they are dispersed and so underexploited. To contribute to the solution of this core problem, he sets out a new approach to research collaboration, using the example of the German–French Institute for Automation and Robotics to show ways in which HEIs can cooperate internationally to provide industry with what it needs to be truly competitive.
Science Policy in Poland
Authors: Szefler Małgorzata Dαbrowa
Published: July 2017

The history of university–industry relations under the centralized economy is outlined and recent changes are explained. Commercialization of research and the financing structure of HE institutes are described. The new management schools that have blossomed in the post-Communist era are explained in some detail.
Leadership Training in Latin America
Authors: Lentz Alice B.
Published: July 2017

Alice Lentz offers a brief view of the role of the Americas Fund for Independent Universities (AFIU) in relation to significant initiatives in various Latin American countries. In a region where the function and development of private higher education institutions is especially important, the focus of the AFIU's activities is on private universities' ability to provide trained business leaders with the skills necessary to meet the challenges of enterprise growth in these developing economies. She mentions in particular the strengthening of financing capabilities within the university, and the evolution of three-way partnerships among business corporations, AFIU, and universities in Latin America.
Technology Diffusion
Authors: Sheen Margaret R.
Published: July 2017

The need for a policy on technology diffusion is a high priority in the UK if the manufacturing base is to be sustained. Although HE institutions are the largest and most extensive publicly-funded resource of technical expertise in the UK, their first responsibility is teaching and research; they do not have the resources to assist companies on routine matters or help them to adopt new technology. This article suggests that technology diffusion centres are needed at a regional level to provide technical expertise to small companies. Mechanisms for enhancing the technological performance of smaller companies and non-core technologies of larger companies are discussed and the Faraday proposals are examined. Particular attention is paid to the unique Institute of Product Development in Denmark which seems to offer a successful model of an intermediate institution which can be established relatively cheaply.
Third-Party Project Management Services
Authors: Baumhauer Christian
Published: July 2017

This article analyses the emergence of a new type of service provider, specializing in third-party management services (TPMSPs), and investigates the impact of their involvement in collaborative projects. After assessing the benefits and risks of using TPMSPs, the author suggests that a code of conduct should be elaborated and puts forward initial ideas on what such a code might include. Finally, he suggests that the European Commission should facilitate the access of consortia to these types of services while at the same time enforcing rules of ‘good behaviour’.
International Schemes and Programmes Promoting Technology Transfer and Industrial R&D
Authors: Szabo Manfred E.
Published: July 2017

The author examines a number of schemes and programmes that promote technology transfer and industrial R&D through university—industry linkages. He identifies the creation of receptor capacities, the establishment of networks of technology transfer and the adoption of appropriate science and technology policies as key elements in the success of such linkages.
University—Industry—Government Relations
Authors: Marceau Jane
Published: July 2017

This paper addresses governments' efforts to link knowledge production and a knowledge-based production system. It suggests that the ‘Triple Helix’ image of university—industry—government relations neglects important aspects of players' activity, the systematic schizophrenia in much public policy and the critical variations over time and technologies in inter-relations between the knowledge-producing system and the structures and functioning of the surrounding political economy. The paper suggests that analysis of a nation's industrial ‘complexes' will provide valuable information and permit better adapted approaches.
TTI '96
Authors: Robson E.H.
Published: July 2017

This special issue of Industry and Higher Education is devoted to a selection of papers from TTI '96, an international conference on technology transfer and innovation held in London in July 1996. In this introductory paper, the author gives the context of the conference, summarizes presentations made by invited speakers, and sets out some of the points made by participants.