bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analytical study of parameters affecting entropy generation of nanofluid turbulent flow in channel and micro-channel
Authors: Sheikhzadeh Ghanbarali , Aghaei Alireza , Ehteram Hamidreza , Abbaszadeh Mahmoud
Published: April 2016

In this study, thermo-physical and geometrical parameters affecting entropy
generation of nanofluid turbulent flow such as the volume fraction, Reynolds
number and diameter of the channel and micro-channel with circular cross
section under constant flux are examined analytically. Water is used as a
base fluid of nanofluid with nanoparticles of Ag, Cu, CuO and TiO2. The study
is conducted for Reynolds numbers of 20000, 40000 and 100000, volume
fractions of 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.04, channel diameters of 2, 4, 6 and 8
cm and micro-channel diameters of 20, 40, 60 and 80 micrometers. Based on the
results, the most of the generated entropy in channel is due to heat
transfer, and also, with increasing the diameter of the channel, Bejan number
increases. The contribution of entropy generation due to heat transfer in the
micro-channel is very poor and the major contribution of entropy generation
is due to friction. The maximum amount of entropy generation in channel
belongs to nanofluids with Ag, Cu, CuO and TiO2 nanoparticles, respectively,
while in the micro-channel this behavior is reversed; and the minimum entropy
generation happens in nanofluids with Ag, Cu, CuO and TiO2 nanoparticles,
respectively. In channel and micro-channel, for all nanofluids except for the
water-TiO2, with increasing volume fraction of nanoparticles, the entropy
generation decreases. In channel and micro-channel, the total entropy
generation increases as Reynolds number augments.
Energy management strategies for combined heat and electric power micro-grid
Authors: Barbaric Marina , Loncar Drazen
Published: April 2016

The increasing energy production from variable renewable energy sources such
as wind and solar has resulted in several challenges related to the system
reliability and efficiency. In order to ensure the supply-demand balance
under the conditions of higher variability the micro-grid concept of active
distribution networks arising as a promising one. However, to achieve all the
potential benefits that micro-gird concept offer, it is important to
determine optimal operating strategies for micro-grids. The present paper
compares three energy management strategies, aimed at ensuring economical
micro-grid operation, to find a compromise between the complexity of strategy
and its efficiency. The first strategy combines optimization technique and an
additional rule while the second strategy is based on the pure optimization
approach. The third strategy uses model based predictive control scheme to
take into account uncertainties in renewable generation and energy
consumption. In order to compare the strategies with respect to cost
effectiveness, a residential micro-grid comprising photovoltaic modules,
thermal energy storage system, thermal loads, electrical loads as well as
combined heat and power plant, is considered.
Simulation of changes in temperature and pressure fields during high speed projectiles forming by explosion
Authors: Markovic Milos , Milinovic Momcilo , Jeremic Olivera , Jaramaz Slobodan
Published: April 2016

The Research in this paper considered the temperatures fields as the
consequently influenced effects appeared by plastic deformation, in the
explosively forming process aimed to design Explosively Formed Projectiles
(henceforth EFP). As the special payloads of the missiles, used projectiles
are packaged as the metal liners, joined with explosive charges, to design
explosive propulsion effect. Their final form and velocity during shaping
depend on distributed temperatures in explosively driven plastic deformation
process. Developed simulation model consider forming process without metal
cover of explosive charge, in aim to discover liner?s dynamical correlations
of effective plastic strains and temperatures in the unconstrained detonation
environment made by payload construction. The temperature fields of the
liner?s copper material are considered in time, as the consequence of
strain/stress displacements driven by explosion environmental
thermodynamically fields of pressures and temperatures. Achieved final
velocities and mass loses as the expected EFP performances are estimated
regarding their dynamical shaping and thermal gradients behavior vs.
effective plastic strains. Performances and parameters are presented vs.
process time, numerically simulated by the Autodyne software package.
Numerical Modeling of an FG Plate Behavior Impacted at Low Velocity in a Temperature Field
Authors: Smahat Amine , Megueni Abdelkader
Published: April 2016

This paper analyzes the behavior of a functionnally graded plate subjected to impact force at a low velocity by adopting the Hertz law. The differential equation which governs the impact phenomenon is used to calculate the contact force, indentation and indentation velocity. Elastic properties of the FGM plate are obtained by integration of the components volume fraction across the thickness. A parametric study is conducted to evaluate effects of temperature, the power law index, the projectile mass on the contact force and indentation. The results obtained are compared to those in the literature for other structures.
Outcome of pneumatic balloon dilatation of lower oesophageal sphincter of oesophagus of patients suffering from achalasia cardia
Authors: Islam ASM Nazmul , Alamgir Md Razibul , Rahman Mohammed Atiqur , Kabir Anwarul , Ahmed Faruque , Ahmed Dewan Saifuddin , Masud Md Hasan , Raihan ASMA
Published: April 2016

Achalasia is an oesophageal motility disorder of unknown cause, primarily characterized by absence of peristalsis of the esophageal body and impaired relaxation of lower oesophageal sphincter resulting invariably in dysphagia for solids/liquids or both and regurgitation of undigested foods. The diagnosis is usually made by classical symptoms, barium swallow X-ray of oesophagus or by endoscopy. Goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms, improve esophageal emptying and reduce the risk of associate complications. The two most successful treatment options are pneumatic dilation of lower oesophageal sphincter and surgical myotomy. This quasi-experimental study was carried out from January 2010 to December 2011 involving 31 patients of Achalasia Cardia admitted in the Department of Gastroenterology of BSMMU, Dhaka who underwent pneumatic balloon dilatation. Immediately after pneumatic dilatation all the patients got relief of dysphagia and were discharged from hospital next day. At follow-up 4 weeks after pneumatic dilatation, majority (96.2%) of the patients remained improved symptomatically. Significant weight gain was also found at 4 weeks after pneumatic dilatation. Pneumatic dilatation came out to be a simple, safe and effective method for treating patients with achalasia cardia.Bangladesh Med J. 2015 May; 44 (2): 76-81
Opinion of 3rd year medical students about assessment system in 1st professional MBBS examination in Bangladesh
Authors: Asaduzzaman AKM , Aloy Nirjhar Mandal , Aich Nibedita
Published: April 2016

This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 384 third year medical students from 6 government and 6 non-government medical colleges to find out the opinion regarding newly introduced assessment system in the 1st professional MBBS examination which was held in January 2012. It was found that majority (75%) of the respondents expressed their satisfaction with the newly introduced assessment system. Ninety one percent students opined that short answer question in written examination had inclined students to understand content rather than memorization. Eighty nine percent and eighty six percent respondents expressed their opinion in favor of MCQ and objective structured practical examination respectively. Majority (82.03%) students opined that inclusion of structured oral examination (SOE) instead of traditional oral exam was better. Nearly 87% respondents thought that adding of a certain percentage of mark of formative assessment was a positive initiative. On the other hand, 35% students felt that examination phobia in oral or viva is not reduced by introducing SOE, 27% believed that all examination are not judged in same standard by the examiners by means of OSPE and 24% respondents believed that result of SOE depends, to some extent, upon examiners desire and intension. So, it revealed that the new assessment method is not implemented properly, teachers were not trained accordingly and students were not aware about the new assessment method.Bangladesh Med J. 2015 May; 44 (2): 92-96
Complications of ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreaticogrphy) in Gastroenterology department of BSMMU
Authors: Alam Md Razibul , Islam ASM Nazmul , Islam Ali Monsur Mohammad Shariful , Masud Md Hasan
Published: April 2016

Endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreaticogrphy (ERCP), though complex and invasive, is one of the commonly performed endoscopic procedures. Its benefits are sometimes compromised by complications which may be life threatening in some instances. Pancreatitis, bleeding, perforation, infections (cholangitis & cholecystitis) and sedation-related complications are common ERCP related complications. This prospective observational study was carried out in the department of Gastroenterology, BSMMU from September 2014 to December 2014 on 56 consecutive patients who underwent ERCP with the intention to assess the occurrence of different ERCP related complications. Nearly half of the patients (51.78%) in this study were suffering from obstructive jaundice due to malignant biliary obstruction. Thirty two percent (32 %) patients had stone in the common bile duct presenting with or without cholangitis. Total 9 patients developed complications and among them 5 patients developed cholangitis in the post ERCP period. Rest of the 2 patients developed pancreatitis. Patient related factors including underlying diagnosis together with variability in endoscopic settings and health care environments may be responsible for occurrence of complications and differences rate of complications across different institutions.Bangladesh Med J. 2015 May; 44 (2): 97-101
Bicuspid aortic valve with severe aortic stenosis: a case report
Authors: Ranjan Redoy , Rahman Md Mushfiqur , Khan Omar Sadeque , Aftabuddin Md , Adhikary Asit Baran
Published: April 2016

A bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) can be a serious disorder of heart valve in which the valve only has two leaflets or flaps that control blood flow through the heart. Between one and two percent of all people have this defect and it affects more men than women. This report presents a case of severe aortic stenosis with mild to moderate aortic regurgitation due to bicuspid aortic valve with hypertension. A 37 years old male presented with high record of blood pressure and occasional shortness of breath on exertion. Echocardiography (Color Doppler) revealed severe aortic stenosis with mild to moderate aortic regurgitation due to bicuspid aortic valve with moderately severe concentric LV wall hypertrophy. Surgical treatment (aortic valve replacement) was scheduled based on echocardiography findings. On surgical resection a well defined bicuspid aortic valve was found with calcification and friable valve leaflet. Histopathology of valve tissue shows large areas of calcification. Patient was discharged from hospital on 7th POD with an advice to attend cardiac surgery OPD after 1 month. Aortic valve replacement must be considered in this type of lesion.Bangladesh Med J. 2015 May; 44 (2): 105-108
A 42 year male presenting with swelling in both parotid regions
Authors: Alam Mohammad Rafiul , Mahmud Sharfuddin , Rahman Md Siddiqur , Islam Md Shaikhul , Dutta Utpal Kumar , Aich Mani Lal , Alam Md Zahedul
Published: April 2016

A 42 years old male smoker presented with swelling in both parotid regions, 3.5x2.5cm in left & and about 2.5x1.5 cm in right, for 8 months with no pain, fever, dysphagia, dyspnoea, epistaxis or any ear problem. After all necessary investigations, including MRI and FNA, it was diagnosed as Warthin tumor. Warthin`s tumour is a benign tumour of salivary glands affecting mostly parotid gland. Smokers and older individuals are at greater risk of developing Warthin`s tumour. FNA has good accuracy for diagnosing this type of tumour though some literatures show risk of developing sialocutaneous fistula. MRI possesses high specificity and sensitivity for warthin`s tumour. From different available treatment options we chose local excision.Bangladesh Med J. 2015 May; 44 (2): 109-111
Hearing aids, audition, cognition, ageing and listening success: a philosophical aspect
Authors: Sarwar Md Golam
Published: April 2016

Abstract not availableBangladesh Med J. 2015 May; 44 (2): 117
A Question of Loyalty: Wordsworth and the Beaumonts, Catholic Emancipation and Ecclesiastical Sketches
Authors: Fay Jessica
Published: April 2016

In the Roman Catholic Emancipation debate, William Wordsworth took the opposite view to his friend and patron Sir George Beaumont. Whilst Wordsworth's position as a committed anti-emancipationist is well-known, this essay explores the Beaumonts’ Catholic heritage and their political allegiances. This contextual material provides a backdrop for a reading of a previously un-noted document that Lady Beaumont sent to the Wordsworths in 1809: ‘An account of an English Hermit’. This pamphlet, by an unknown Anglican clergyman (Thomas Barnard), describes the life of an unknown nonjuror (Thomas Gardiner). Analysis of the manuscript, and the circumstances of its circulation, resituates Wordsworth's objections to Emancipation and casts new light on the tone of his Ecclesiastical Sketches (1822). I explore how Wordsworth uses the ‘Advertisement’ to the sonnets in order to counter any resentment the anti-Catholic publication may have engendered between the poet and Sir George, and conclude with a close reading of ‘Catechising’.
The Materialization of the Lyric and the Romantic Construction of Place: Bards and Beasts on Dartmoor
Authors: Fulford Tim
Published: April 2016

In an influential article of 1965, Geoffrey Hartman argued that the Romantic nature lyric was born when Wordsworth liberated from its material context a genre of poetry originally intended to be marked on an object in the landscape. 1 The ‘nature-inscription,’ was typically supposed to be written on a plaque, or a seat, or a stone; after Wordsworth's intervention, this ‘lapidary’ deixis was left behind – replaced by the poem's accentuated reference to ‘the meditative mind’ of the poet himself (223). ‘Romantic poetry,’ Hartman concludes, ‘transcends its formal origin in epigram and inscription and creates the modern lyric’ (229). In this article I trace Romantic poetry along a different path and argue that one of its most significant legacies has occurred not through de-materialization but through re-materialization – not simply by lyric's incorporation in the material context of printed books, 2 but also by its re-inscription on the landscape to which it points. By virtue of this re-inscription, I argue, Romantic poetry has brought a material place, 3 both mundane and sacred – in effect, uncanny –into being. Dartmoor – now marked on the map and enshrined in law as a National Park –is a Romantic region, a place first written into history and geography – into culture – on stone.
Mediating Vision: Wordsworth's Allusions to Thomson's Seasons in The Prelude
Authors: Somervell Tess
Published: April 2016

The importance of James Thomson's eighteenth-century poem The Seasons to Wordsworth's The Prelude has been systematically underestimated by critics, who take at face value Wordsworth's dismissals in his prose writings of Thomson's diction. In fact The Prelude contains a large number of allusions to and direct borrowings from The Seasons. Examining three of the most significant of these allusions, this essay argues that Wordsworth turned to Thomson in order to find a language that could express communion with the external, natural world, and specifically a communion that is mediated by the ‘bodily eyes’, with all their flaws and susceptibility to misapprehension. The poetic vision that is produced out of the eyes’ inaccurate vision is fundamentally ambivalent; mediation between the internal and external creates a space for the mind to exercise its creative and subjective power, but also reveals the mind's limitations. As well as assisting Wordsworth to articulate the mediated character of his encounters with nature, Thomson's language acts as a mediating presence itself, both facilitating and impeding Wordsworth's relationship with another great predecessor, Milton.
Shelley's ‘compelling rhyme schemes’ in The Triumph of Life
Authors: Rawes Alan
Published: April 2016

Many critics have noted The Triumph of Life's contradictory understandings of ‘life’, interpreting these contradictions as the product of thematic intention or thematic uncertainty. Drawing on a few deconstructive concepts about language and applying these to Shelley's rhymes in The Triumph of Life, this essay argues that in Shelley's poem rhymes create and disseminate equivocality of meaning but also offer Shelley a means of engaging creatively with that equivocality, and it is this interplay between form and poet that produces the poem's contradictory readings of ‘life’. It also suggests that paying attention to this interplay working itself out does not just tell us something fundamental about The Triumph of Life but also a great deal about Shelley's more general sensitive responsiveness to what he describes in A Defence of Poetry as the ‘relations’ between ‘sounds’ and the ‘uniform and harmonious recurrence of sound’, without which poetry, for Shelley, ‘were not poetry’.
Different Responses of the Quality Parameters of Coriandrum sativum to Organic Substrate Mixtures and Fertilization
Authors: Pacheco L. Neith , Cano-Sosa Julia , Poblano C. Fernando , Rodríguez-Buenfil Ingrid , Ramos-Díaz Ana
Published: April 2016

In order to standardize the quality of agricultural products, it is necessary to control the factors affecting plant development, such as plant nutrition. The best results in terms of homogeneity of the quality of vegetable crops were achieved using inert substrates and application of nutrients; however, production costs are high due to the cost of irrigation systems and substrate management and importation. This work aims to evaluate the effect of the local substrate mix and the amount of organic fertilizer on different quality parameters of coriander. To evaluate the quality of coriander, we considered different parameters such as size, biomass, antioxidant capacity and aroma (evaluated by volatile compounds detection with gas chromatography). The results show that the culture system differentially affects each parameter, and the compounds associated with the aroma of coriander and the diameter of plants are sensitive to the culture system, while the length of plants, number of leaves and antioxidant activity are not affected by the concentration of fertilizer. Moreover, organic farming conditions do not reduce quality parameters of the crops when using adequate fertilization. Additionally, local substrates would be practical substitutes for expensive importations.
Multi-Variable, Multi-Layer Graphical Knowledge Unit for Storing and Representing Density Clusters of Multi-Dimensional Big Data
Authors: Adikaram K. , Hussein Mohamed , Effenberger Mathias , Becker Thomas
Published: April 2016

A multi-variable visualization technique on a 2D bitmap for big data is introduced. If A and B are two data points that are represented using two similar shapes with m pixels, where each shape is colored with RGB color of (0, 0, k), when A ∩ B ≠ ɸ, adding the color of A ∩ B gives higher color as (0, 0, 2k) and the highlight as a high density cluster, where RGB stands for Red, Green, Blue and k is the blue color. This is the hypothesis behind the single variable graphical knowledge unit (GKU), which uses the entire bit range of a pixel for a single variable. Instead, the available bit range of a pixel is split, and a pixel can be used for representing multiple variables (multi-variables). However, this will limit the bit block for single variables and limit the amount of overlapping. Using the same size k (>1) bitmaps (multi-layers) will increase the number of bits per variable (BPV), where each (x, y) of an individual layer represents the same data point. Then, one pixel in a four-layer GKU is capable of showing more than four billion overlapping ones when BPV = 8 bits (2(BPV × number of layers)) Then, the 32-bit pixel format allows the representation of a maximum of up to four dependent variables against one independent variable. Then, a four-layer GKU of w width and h height has the capacity of representing a maximum of (2(BPV × number of layers)) × m × w × h overlapping occurrences.
The Role of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) in the Control of Obesity and Metabolic Derangements in Breast Cancer
Authors: Molfino Alessio , Amabile Maria , Monti Massimo , Arcieri Stefano , Rossi Fanelli Filippo , Muscaritoli Maurizio
Published: April 2016

Obesity represents a major under-recognized preventable risk factor for cancer development and recurrence, including breast cancer (BC). Healthy diet and correct lifestyle play crucial role for the treatment of obesity and for the prevention of BC. Obesity is significantly prevalent in western countries and it contributes to almost 50% of BC in older women. Mechanisms underlying obesity, such as inflammation and insulin resistance, are also involved in BC development. Fatty acids are among the most extensively studied dietary factors, whose changes appear to be closely related with BC risk. Alterations of specific ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly low basal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels, appear to be important in increasing cancer risk and its relapse, influencing its progression and prognosis and affecting the response to treatments. On the other hand, DHA supplementation increases the response to anticancer therapies and reduces the undesired side effects of anticancer therapies. Experimental and clinical evidence shows that higher fish consumption or intake of DHA reduces BC cell growth and its relapse risk. Controversy exists on the potential anticancer effects of marine ω-3 PUFAs and especially DHA, and larger clinical trials appear mandatory to clarify these aspects. The present review article is aimed at exploring the capacity of DHA in controlling obesity-related inflammation and in reducing insulin resistance in BC development, progression, and response to therapies.
Resveratrol and Ophthalmic Diseases
Authors: Abu-Amero Khaled , Kondkar Altaf , Chalam Kakarla
Published: April 2016

Resveratrol, a naturally occurring plant polyphenol found in grapes, is the principal biologically active component in red wine. Clinical studies have shown that resveratrol due to its potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties are cardio-protective, chemotherapeutic, neuroprotective, and display anti-aging effects. Oxidative stress and inflammation play a critical role in the initiation and progression of age-related ocular diseases (glaucoma, cataract, diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration) that lead to progressive loss of vision and blindness. In vitro and in vivo (animal model) experimental studies performed so far have provided evidence for the biological effects of resveratrol on numerous pathways including oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, pro-survival or angiogenesis that are implicated in the pathogenesis of these age-related ocular disorders. In this review, we provide a brief overview of current scientific literature on resveratrol, its plausible mechanism(s) of action, its potential use and current limitations as a nutritional therapeutic intervention in the eye and its related disorders.
Conductive Elastomers for Stretchable Electronics, Sensors and Energy Harvesters
Authors: Noh Jin-Seo
Published: April 2016

There have been a wide variety of efforts to develop conductive elastomers that satisfy both mechanical stretchability and electrical conductivity, as a response to growing demands on stretchable and wearable devices. This article reviews the important progress in conductive elastomers made in three application fields of stretchable technology: stretchable electronics, stretchable sensors, and stretchable energy harvesters. Diverse combinations of insulating elastomers and non-stretchable conductive materials have been studied to realize optimal conductive elastomers. It is noted that similar material combinations and similar structures have often been employed in different fields of application. In terms of stretchability, cyclic operation, and overall performance, fields such as stretchable conductors and stretchable strain/pressure sensors have achieved great advancement, whereas other fields like stretchable memories and stretchable thermoelectric energy harvesting are in their infancy. It is worth mentioning that there are still obstacles to overcome for the further progress of stretchable technology in the respective fields, which include the simplification of material combination and device structure, securement of reproducibility and reliability, and the establishment of easy fabrication techniques. Through this review article, both the progress and obstacles associated with the respective stretchable technologies will be understood more clearly.
Resource Symmetric Dispatch Model for Internet of Things on Advanced Logistics
Authors: Qin Guofeng , Wang Lisheng , Li Qiyan
Published: April 2016

Business applications in advanced logistics service are highly concurrent. In this paper, we propose a resource symmetric dispatch model for the concurrent and cooperative tasks of the Internet of Things. In the model, the terminals receive and deliver commands, data, and information with mobile networks, wireless networks, and sensor networks. The data and information are classified and processed by the clustering servers in the cloud service platform. The cluster service, resource dispatch, and load balance are cooperative for management and monitoring of every application case during the logistics service lifecycle. In order to support the high performance of cloud service, resource symmetric dispatch algorithm among clustering servers and load balancing method among multi-cores in one server, including NIO (Non-blocking Input/Output) and RMI (Remote Method Invocation) are utilized to dispatch the cooperation of computation and service resources.
Providing Aquatic Organism Passage in Vertically Unstable Streams
Authors: Castro Janine , Beavers Aaron
Published: April 2016

Aquatic organism passage barriers have been identified as one of the key impediments to recovery of salmonids and other migratory aquatic organisms in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. As such, state and federal agencies invest millions of dollars annually to address passage barriers. Because many barriers function as ad hoc grade control structures, their removal and/or replacement can unwittingly set off a cascade of effects that can negatively impact the very habitat and passage that project proponents seek to improve. The resultant vertical instability can result in a suite of effects that range from floodplain disconnection and loss of backwater and side channel habitat, to increased levels of turbidity. Risk assessment, including an evaluation of both the stage of stream evolution and a longitudinal profile analysis, provides a framework for determining if grade control is warranted, and if so, what type of structure is most geomorphically appropriate. Potential structures include placement of large wood and roughness elements, and constructed riffles, step-pools, and cascades. The use of structure types that mimic natural reach scale geomorphic analogues should result in improved aquatic organism passage, increased structural resilience, and reduced maintenance.
Left ventricular function measurements in a mouse myocardial infarction model
Authors: Hendrikx Geert , Bauwens Matthias , Wierts Roel , Post Mark , Mottaghy Felix
Published: April 2016

Aim: To assess the accuracy of ECG-gated micro (µ)-SPECT in a mouse myocardial infarction (MI) model in comparison to 3D-echocardiography. Animals, methods: In a mouse (Swiss mice) MI model we compared the accuracy of technetium-99m sestamibi (99mTc-sestamibi) myocardial perfusion, electrocardiogram (ECG) gated µSPECT to 3D-echocardiography in determining left ventricular function. 3D-echocardiography and myocardial perfusion ECG-gated µSPECT data were acquired in the same animal at baseline (n = 11) and 7 (n = 8) and 35 (n = 9) days post ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Sham operated mice were used as a control (8, 6 and 7 mice respectively). Additionally, after day 35 µSPECT scans, hearts were harvested and 2,3,5-triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and autoradiography was performed to determine infarct size. Results: In both infarcted and sham-operated mice we consistently found comparable values for the end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV) and ejection fraction (EF) obtained by 3D-echocardiography and ECG-gated µSPECT. Excellent correlations between measurements from 3D-echocardiography and ECG-gated µSPECT were found for EDV, ESV and EF (r = 0.9532, r = 0.9693 respectively and r = 0.9581) in infarcted mice. Furthermore, comparable infarct size values were found at day 35 post MI by TTC staining and autoradiography (27.71 ± 1.80% and 29.20 ± 1.18% with p = 0.43). Conclusion: We have demonstrated that ECG-gated µSPECT imaging provides reliable left ventricular function measurements in a mouse MI model. Obtained results were comparable to the highly accurate 3D-echocardiography. This, in addition to the opportunity to simultaneously image multiple biological processes during a single acquisition makes µSPECT imaging a serious option for studying cardiovascular disease in small animals.
Avortement et norme procréative de la dernière génération soviétique en Russie
Authors: Claro Mona
Published: April 2016

En Russie soviétique, après la déstalinisation, l’avortement était accessible légalement sur simple demande de la femme, mais les politiques publiques encourageaient peu la diffusion de la contraception ‘moderne’. Les femmes de la ‘dernière génération soviétique’, entrées dans l’âge adulte autour des années 1980, recouraient souvent aux méthodes ‘traditionnelles’ et avortaient en moyenne trois ou quatre fois au cours de leur vie : rarement pour repousser à plus tard la première naissance, le plus souvent pour espacer et limiter les suivantes. Cet article analyse les rationalités situées de leurs choix procréatifs, et montre que la non-planification des grossesses prenait des significations différentes en fonction, notamment, des enfants déjà nés et du contexte conjugal.
Contrôler et contraindre : la planification médicalisée des femmes indigènes au Guatemala
Authors: Garcia Anaïs
Published: April 2016

Cet article propose un éclairage sur la manière dont les représentations en termes d’altérité genrée, sociale et culturelle façonnent des discours normatifs dans le domaine de la santé sexuelle et reproductive. Au Guatemala, ces discours légitiment l’exercice d’un contrôle autoritaire, par le secteur médical, de la vie reproductive des femmes indigènes. La violence ciblée des programmes de planification familiale semble alors s’inscrire en continuité avec la violence du récent conflit armé, à travers l’appropriation physique et symbolique du corps de ces femmes.
La transaction : un détournement du regard sociologique sur « l’entre »
Authors: Foucart Jean
Published: April 2016

Les notions de transition, de passage, de transformation et d’autres ont intérêt à être abordées à partir de la notion d’« entre ». La quotidienneté se déroule « entre ». La vie sociale se déroule dans une sorte de clair-obscur, dans un dépassement de frontières dans des tensions perpétuelles entre la liaison et la séparation. L’anthropologie, la psychanalyse, la science politique, l’économie sous des vocables divers ont essayé d’approcher cet « entre ». L’« entre » signifie aussi le voyage, le mouvement. C’est une notion qui prend une importance particulière dans le monde d’aujourd’hui qui est un monde fluide, liquide. Les notions de position, de stabilité tendent à être réinterrogées. Dans un monde fluide, l’individu est « entre ». Le paradigme de la transaction nous offre un concept « mou », « flou » (au sens de la logique floue) permettant d’approcher cet « entre ».
La coopération au sein d’un réseau international interuniversitaire revisitée à l’aune des processus de transaction et de transition
Authors: Lafont Pascal
Published: April 2016

Cette contribution met en exergue une analyse relative à l’évolution des relations de coopération entre membres d’un réseau international pris dans des espaces transactionnels et transitionnels. La contextualisation des situations de travail permet d’interroger ces espaces pour observer des logiques qui ont conduit les membres à marquer leur opposition ou, au contraire, à conforter leur coopération à travers leur pratique de formation, de recherche et de développement. Ainsi s’interroge-t-on, d’une part, sur l’origine des conflits cristallisés par des postures répondant à de nouvelles exigences inhérentes aux mutations de l’enseignement supérieur, et d’autre part, sur les conditions de réalisation de compromis formels et informels. Au bout du compte, dans un environnement interculturel qu’impose le développement de l’internationalisation de l’offre de formation et des pratiques de recherche, le projet coopératif entre les membres de ce réseau international interuniversitaire s’en trouve-t-il affaibli ou à l’inverse, renforcé ?
L’espace des politiques mémorielles locales. Variables territoriales et part du national dans quatre anciens ports négriers de France et du Royaume-Uni
Authors: Hourcade Renaud
Published: April 2016

Cet article propose une analyse comparée des politiques mémorielles locales mises en œuvre dans quatre anciens ports négriers de France et du Royaume-Uni : Nantes, Bordeaux, Liverpool et Bristol. Reposant sur des données recueillies par un travail empirique, il élabore une comparaison de niveau intermédiaire permettant le repérage des variables qui expliquent les formes contrastées prises par les politiques mémorielles dans ces quatre villes. La question à résoudre porte sur l’impact respectif des variables territoriales et nationales dans les orientations données à cette politique. Il apparaît que certaines différences entre villes s’expliquent par les configurations particulières des territoires sous deux aspects : la politisation du dossier et son association à d’autres politiques municipales. En revanche, le contenu de la politique suivie et les instruments choisis dérivent de référentiels cognitifs qui échappent à l’espace local : les villes britanniques mettent en œuvre une politique de reconnaissance de la communauté noire, dans le cadre britannique des race politics tandis que les villes françaises déclinent localement l’approche nationale colour-blind des enjeux identitaires.
La participation électorale au prisme de la variable ethnique. Premiers résultats et perspectives de recherche
Authors: Audemard Julien , Gouard David
Published: April 2016

La variable ethnique est rarement mobilisée pour expliquer la participation électorale. Lorsque c’est le cas, les études soulignent régulièrement le fait que la proximité à des groupes ethniques minoritaires est un facteur d’abstention. Le présent article examine au contraire l’hypothèse inverse : dans quelle mesure l’appartenance à des groupes ethniques minoritaires peut-elle être un facteur de participation électorale ? L’analyse s’appuie sur une étude empirique de la participation électorale de 10 475 électeurs répartis dans dix bureaux de vote à Montpellier lors des élections présidentielle et législatives de 2012. À partir de l’analyse des listes d’émargement de ces bureaux, et en croisant ces informations avec les bases de données INSEE, nous avons pu estimer le poids de la variable ethnique sur la participation. La comparaison des résultats obtenus pour chacun des bureaux de vote, sélectionnés en raison de leurs situations spatiales et sociales contrastées, montre que les Français issus de l’immigration maghrébine vivant dans les quartiers populaires de la ville se sont plus mobilisés que les Français issus de cette même région d’émigration vivant dans les quartiers de classes moyennes lors de l’élection présidentielle. Ce résultat suggère que l’appartenance ethnique peut, sous certaines conditions, jouer un rôle positif du point de vue de la mobilisation électorale. Nos résultats montrent que l’impact de l’appartenance ethnique sur la participation électorale est déterminé à la fois par le statut social de l’électeur, des facteurs relatifs au contexte social et par la conjoncture médiatique propre à certains scrutins.
Celles qui survivent : dispositions improbables des dirigeantes dans la finance
Authors: Boussard Valérie
Published: April 2016

Être une femme dirigeante dans le métier financier des fusions-acquisitions est le résultat d’un double exploit : être rentrée et restée dans un métier explicitement étiqueté comme masculin et y avoir atteint les positions les plus hautes. Cet article interroge cet exploit à partir d’une large enquête combinant une base de données des acteurs intervenus en fusions-acquisitions en 2010, des entretiens biographiques et des observations du travail. Il montre comment l’ethos professionnel du groupe, explicitement masculin, agit comme clôture en restreignant l’accès des femmes aux positions dirigeantes. Ce dernier correspond dès lors à la combinaison assez improbable de dispositions qui leur permet une adaptation à cet ethos professionnel masculin.
Le ciel de plomb des organisations patronales
Authors: Rabier Marion
Published: April 2016

Cet article analyse la place des femmes dans l’espace de la représentation patronale. Après avoir présenté les mécanismes d’adhésion aux organisations patronales, le diagnostic de la place des femmes montre une forte sous-représentation des cheffes d’entreprise : qu’il s’agisse des mandats internes ou externes, elles se heurtent à un « ciel de plomb » et occupent moins de 15 % des postes à responsabilité. Établir la « preuve chiffrée » de la sous-représentation des femmes dans cet espace permet de saisir des éléments du fonctionnement de celui-ci, notamment dans les rapports de force pour l’accès à certains mandats, et, plus largement, dans la division sexuée du travail de représentation patronale. Dans les organisations patronales, les tendances relevées pour les autres organisations politiques sont très marquées, les femmes étant cantonnées aux mandats sociaux et aux mandats les moins prestigieux. Des inégalités importantes, dont les organisations patronales semblent peu se préoccuper.
Cheffes d’orchestre, le temps des pionnières n’est pas révolu !
Authors: Ravet Hyacinthe
Published: April 2016

Si, de manière générale, la musique demeure le domaine le moins féminisé des métiers de la création et de l’interprétation artistique, la direction d’un ensemble symphonique représente un cas paroxystique. Les femmes chefs – les cheffes – d’orchestre restent particulièrement peu nombreuses. Surtout, elles ont du mal à se faire une place dans le milieu et à s’y faire reconnaître comme de véritables « chefs ». Étudier cet univers de pouvoir très hiérarchisé et très « masculin », qui résiste toujours à l’arrivée de musiciennes, permet ainsi de sonder les enjeux symboliques autour du pouvoir créateur. Cela permet d’interroger la manière dont le genre traverse les domaines de pouvoir, comme dans tous les univers de travail et d’apprentissage, et – paradoxalement ? – les domaines de la création. Cela permet aussi d’observer la manière dont le genre de pratiques très sexuées progressivement se métamorphose.
Les miettes du salariat : l’engagement au travail des sans-emploi
Authors: Kuehni Morgane
Published: April 2016

Fondé sur une enquête empirique auprès de chômeurs et chômeuses assigné-e-s à un programme d’emploi temporaire en Suisse romande, l’article questionne les raisons évoquées pour « tenir le poste » dans une situation de travail aux marges du salariat. L’accès aux trajectoires biographiques et aux vécus permet de montrer que la dimension contraignante de ces mesures d’insertion professionnelle ne suffit pas à expliquer l’engagement au travail des sans-emploi. Les raisons évoquées par les individus se déclinent toujours au pluriel, articulant des dimensions matérielles et symboliques. La mobilisation d’une perspective de genre met au jour les différents rapports de domination que subissent les femmes au chômage tant dans la sphère professionnelle, que privée. Elle permet de questionner les enjeux sexués qui sous-tendent leur engagement dans ce type de programmes, notamment la menace d’un renvoi vers l’inactivité.
Revision Through Twitter: Do Tweets Affect Students’ Performance?
Authors: Juhary Jowati
Published: April 2016

Twitter is one of the free microbloggings available today. Created in 2006, Twitter has about 500 million registered users worldwide. Many scholars have been debating over the use of Twitter in teaching and learning. This brief research paper aims to look at Twitter as a source for revision for a course offered at the Defence University in Kuala Lumpur. The assumption is that the students are able to score a higher grade when Twitter is used as a revision tool. 32 students participated in this study and tweets were used to support students during their revision period before the second test and the final examination. Data were analysed based on the results of Test 1 (without Twitter as a revision tool) and Test 2, where comparisons were made to see whether there is a change in the students’ results. Further, the tweets sent to/shared with students and the retweets shared by students were also examined. A survey was also conducted to explore the respondents’ thoughts on using Twitter as a revision tool. Preliminary findings suggest that the students had greatly benefitted when Twitter is used as a revision tool. This is because the results of Test 2 show that all students had an increase in the test result. The results of the survey also indicate that students were positive about using Twitter as a revision tool. Although it cannot be conclusively determined whether Twitter was the only factor that contributed to the increase of students’ results in Test 2, this paper will highlight how Twitter can be used as an effective revision tool.
Personalized Overseas Chinese Education Model Based on Map-Reduce Model of Cloud Computing
Authors: Huang Zhehuang , Huang Jianxin
Published: April 2016

The rapid updates of the resources and media in the big data age provide new opportunities for oversea Chinese education. It is an urgent task to effectively use the big data to boost the development of oversea Chinese education. However, very few studies are conducted in this area. Map-Reduce is a programming model of cloud computing used for the parallel computing of the large-scale data sets and this model enables programmers to run their own programs in the distributed system. In this paper we proposed a personalized overseas Chinese education model based on Map-Reduce mechanism , which can analyze the behavioral habits and personal preferences of users from a large pool of Chinese educational resources. In this way, the customer needs can be accurately grasped and their favorite resources are recommended from huge amounts of resources. The proposed model has a good application prospect for overseas Chinese education .
The Impact of an Interactive Virtual Museum on Students’ Attitudes Toward Cultural Heritage Education in the Region of Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ismaeel Dina Ahmed , Al-Abdullatif Ahlam Mohammed
Published: April 2016

The goal of this study was to investigate students’ views of the interactive Virtual Museum of Al Hassa Cultural Heritage. In this context, a study was carried out during the second semester of the 2014–2015 school year among sixth-grade elementary school students in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia. After participating in an interactive virtual museum, 118 students answered a questionnaire after the teaching intervention. SPSS v.21 was used to analyze the data. The results indicated that students had a positive attitude toward the use of an interactive virtual museum in cultural heritage education. The results support the inclusion of cultural heritage in the social studies curricula in K–12 education in Saudi Arabia in order to raise awareness and knowledge of national heritage. The results also confirmed the views of experts regarding the importance and the value of virtual museums as a method for effective learning about cultural heritage.
Online and other ICT-based Assessment Tools for Problem-solving Skills
Authors: Drigas Athanasios , Karyotaki Maria
Published: April 2016

Problem-solving skills assessment starts with the imperative that the hypothesized construct of skills, is theoretically sound. Secondly, assessment refers to identifying and recording inductive and deductive types of reasoning as well as divergent and convergent thinking skills. The aforementioned procedures should be measured, independent of specific learning domains or knowledge backgrounds. Future research should be oriented towards the development of a prototype set of tasks that would embed problem-solving skills in different content and context areas and that would act as a model for implementation in online large-scale assessments. Furthermore, the classroom provides an environment amenable to collaborative problem solving, in which capturing the progress of students’ both social and cognitive processes through identifying the exchange of implicit and explicit types of information, remains to be sufficiently addressed. Effective collaborative problem-solving assessment is related to well-defined, real-world problems as well as to the provision of respective scaffolds to group members for developing their cognitive and meta-cognitive skills. In other words, effective collaborative problem-solving assessment should bring about and measure group members’ cognitive and meta-cognitive skills, evolving from the social regulation of processes, such as goal setting, connecting information and patterns as well as testing hypotheses.
The siLang Simulation Tool for Business Secondary Technical Education E.S.P. Students
Authors: Tsihouridis Charilaos , Batsila Marianthi
Published: April 2016

The purpose of the paper is to detect Technical Secondary Education learners’ views on the siLang software. Particularly the aim is to investigate its effectiveness on learners’ reading and listening English language skills competence. A number of 64 learners and their four teachers participated in the research, conducted with quantitative and qualitative research methods. According on the results of students’ questionnaire answers, focus group discussions and teachers’ interviews the particular software is considered to be an authentic-like tool for business purposes, relevant to learners’ future working needs, and capable of promoting learner motivation and participation in the lesson. The software was also found to improve learners’ reading and listening skills in English.