bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Age-Related Changes in Glucose Metabolism, Hyperglycemia, and Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Chia Chee W. , Egan Josephine M. , Ferrucci Luigi
Published: September 2018

Aging and diabetes mellitus are 2 well-known risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). During the past 50 years, there has been an dramatic increase in life expectancy with a simultaneous increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the older population. This large number of older individuals with diabetes mellitus is problematic given that CVD risk associated with aging and diabetes mellitus. In this review, we summarize epidemiological data relating to diabetes mellitus and CVD, with an emphasis on the aging population. We then present data on hyperglycemia as a risk factor for CVD and review the current knowledge of age-related changes in glucose metabolism. Next, we review the role of obesity in the pathogenesis of age-related glucose dysregulation, followed by a summary of the results from major randomized controlled trials that focus on cardiovascular risk reduction through glycemic control, with a special emphasis on older adults. We then conclude with our proposed model of aging that body composition changes and insulin resistance link possible dysregulation of physiological pathways leading to obesity and diabetes mellitus—both forms of accelerated aging—and risks for CVD.
Heart Centers for Women
Authors: Lundberg Gina P. , Mehta Laxmi S. , Sanghani Rupa M. , Patel Hena N. , Aggarwal Niti R. , Aggarwal Neelum T. , Braun Lynne T. , Lewis Sandra J. , Mieres Jennifer H. , Wood Malissa J. , Harrington Robert A. , Volgman Annabelle S.
Published: September 2018

Heart Centers for Women (HCW) developed as a response to the need for improved outcomes for women with cardiovascular disease (CVD). From 1984 until 2012, more women died of CVD every single year in comparison with men. Initially, there was limited awareness and sex-specific research regarding mortality or outcomes in women. HCW played an active role in addressing these disparities, provided focused care for women, and contributed to improvements in these gaps. In 2014 and 2015, death from CVD in women had declined below the level of death from CVD in comparison with men. Even though awareness of CVD in women has increased among the public and healthcare providers and both sex- and gender-specific research is currently required in all research trials, not all women have benefitted equally in mortality reduction. New strategies for HCW need to be developed to address these disparities and expand the current HCW model. The HCW care team needs to direct academic curricula on sex- and gender-specific research and care; expand to include other healthcare professionals and other subspecialties; provide new care models; address diversity; and include more male providers.
First record of Gauguin's blunt-nose lizardfish, Trachinocephalus gauguini Polanco, Acero & Betancur 2016 (Teleostei: Synodontidae) outside the Marquesas Archipelago
Authors: WANG SHIH-YU , CHEN JHEN-NIEN , RUSSELL BARRY C. , CHEN WEI-JEN
Published: September 2018

Trachinocephalus gauguini Polanco, Acero & Betancur, 2016 was described based on eighteen specimens collected from off the Marquesas Islands, the only location where this species has been recorded until now. Through morphological and molecular examination of Trachinocephalus specimens collected from an exploratory cruise conducted in June 2014 under the Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos program along the northern coast of the New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, we demonstrate the presence of this species in Papua New Guinea waters. This new record suggests a wide distribution for this rarely collected species in the western Pacific Ocean.
The Impact of the NAO on the Delayed Break-Up Date of Lake Ice over the Southern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Liu Yong , Chen Huopo , Wang Huijun , Qiu Yubao
Published: September 2018

The changing characteristics of lake ice phenology over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are investigated using historical satellite retrieved datasets during 2002–15 in this study. The results indicate that the freezing process mainly starts in December, and the ice melting process generally occurs in April for most lakes. However, the changes in lake ice phenology have varied depending on the location in recent years, with delayed break-up dates and prolonged ice durations in the southern TP, but no consistent changes have occurred in the lakes in the northern TP. Further analysis presents a close connection between the variation in the lake ice break-up date/ice duration over the southern TP and the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The positive NAO generally excites an anomalous wave activity that propagates southward from the North Atlantic to North Africa and, in turn, strengthens the African–Asian jet stream at its entrance. Because of the blocking effect of the TP, the enhanced westerly jet can be divided into two branches and the south branch flow can deepen the India–Myanmar trough, which further strengthens the anomalous cyclonic circulation and water vapor transport. Therefore, the increased water vapor transport from the northern Indian Ocean to the southern region of the TP can increase the snowfall over this region. The increased snow cover over the lake acts as an insulating layer and lowers the lake surface temperature in the following spring by means of snow–ice feedback activity, resulting in a delayed ice break-up date and the increased ice duration of the lakes over the southern TP in recent years.
Improved Analysis of Manganese in Steel Samples Using Collinear Long–Short Double Pulse Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)
Authors: Cui Minchao , Deguchi Yoshihiro , Wang Zhenzhen , Tanaka Seiya , Fujita Yuki , Zhao Shengdun
Published: September 2018

A long–short double pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (long–short DP-LIBS) method was employed to improve the analytical performance of LIBS for the measurement of manganese in steel samples. The long pulse with a duration of 60 μs was generated using a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser which was operated at free-running (FR) mode. To investigate the detection ability without sample preparation, the steel washers were tested using single-pulse LIBS (SP-LIBS) and long–short DP-LIBS, respectively. The measurement results show that long–short DP-LIBS was able to record clear spectra from the steel washers with a surface layer. Through the observation on the laser craters with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), the results suggest that the improvement in detection ability can be attributed to the pre-irradiation effect of long-pulse laser beam. Next, the analytical performance for quantitative measurement of manganese was evaluated employing ten standard steel samples. The results show that the linearity fit (R2) of the calibration curve is 0.988 for long–short DP-LIBS, whereas, R2 is only 0.810 for SP-LIBS under the same measurement conditions. The repeated measurement results show that the average relative standard deviation (RSD) of the tested samples is 29.3% for SP-LIBS and is 10.5% for long–short DP-LIBS. The prediction results also show that the average relative error of prediction (REP) is 94.9% for SP-LIBS and is 4.9% for long–short DP-LIBS.
Afterword: Time is of the essence
Authors: Sheller Mimi
Published: September 2018

This Afterword to the Current Sociology Monograph on ‘Migrant Temporalities: Rethinking Migrant Trajectories and Transnational Lifestyles in the Asian Context’ reflects on how this issue adds fundamental insights to our understanding not only of migration, but also of time itself. Through these articles we gain a new appreciation of time in a multiplicity of forms: time as duration, time as discipline, time as politics, time as rhythm, time as flexible, time as suspension, time as liminal.
‘Making time’: Long-distance marriages and the temporalities of the transnational family
Authors: Acedera Kristel Anne , Yeoh Brenda SA
Published: September 2018

By focusing on the relations of intimacy between migrant wives working in Singapore and their left-behind husbands living in the Philippines, this article investigates how transnational couples negotiate the liminalities and temporariness embedded in the experience of labour migration. Using the timescales of migration as a conceptual frame, the article analyses the mutual, if uneven, shaping of marital relationships at the micro-timescale of transnational family time and the meso-timescale of Singapore’s labour migration regime. It focuses on how ‘doing family’ across distance is centrally facilitated through the affordances of communication technologies to create rhythms and manage ruptures. These technologies are crucial in (re)making domestic family time in the transnational household. The way the micro-temporalities of transnational family life are reorganised works in tension with how couples negotiate liminal conditions imposed by Singapore’s work permit and pass system. The article argues that temporariness and precarity, which deter the imagination of a stable future, are constantly negotiated in the lives of the transnational family through different temporal strategies. By bracketing off intense emotions and downplaying ruptures in relationships, the transnational family is able to focus on their future aspirations of achieving their projects through migration. As migration timelines are indefinitely extended and family separation is prolonged, the transnational family strives to endure through these strategies of (re)making their temporalities.
The Musical Eulogy and Other Functions of Funeral Music
Authors: Bruin-Mollenhorst Janieke
Published: September 2018

This article examines the function of music during contemporary funerals in the Netherlands. Using a performance-based approach, this article shows that music adds to the ritual dimension of contemporary funerals, by relating the music to the funeral itself, the deceased person’s identity, and to emotions. Zooming in on the music that in contemporary personalized funerals is selected because it is—one way or another—related to the deceased, it will be shown that the lyrical content of this music is less important than social and emotional aspects. Theoretically, the concept of the musical eulogy is introduced as a hermeneutic tool to examine music in ritualized contexts.
Dispositional Perspective-Taking and Empathic Concern Modulate the Impact of Cognitive Load on Empathy for Facial Emotions
Authors: Bajouk Omar , Hansenne Michel
Published: September 2018

Meeting other people involves the importance to share their experiences and to understand their perspectives or, more simply, to empathize with them. Empathy research distinguishes two main dimensions of empathy, the affective sharing and the cognitive understanding. In the present study, we focus on the impact of cognitive load on empathy to pain, fear, happiness, and neutral facial emotions. Participants had to judge the intensity of the emotion when looking to facial expressions (empathize group), or with an additional eight-digit memory task (cognitive load group). While we assumed that cognitive load would reduce empathy, inconsistently with previous findings, our results did not show any significant effect of group. Interestingly, regression analyses showed that perspective-taking and empathic concern were positively related to pain, fear, and happiness ratings within the cognitive load group. These results reveal that when judging empathy under high cognitive load, dispositional empathic concern and perspective-taking could allow individuals to override the supposed deleterious cognitive load effect on empathy.
Framing regeneration: Embracing the inhabitants
Authors: Jones Menna Tudwal
Published: September 2018

Cities are central to neoliberalism and therefore, there is a need to understand the tools used by policy makers to present and garner support from inhabitants to this ideology. By understanding how policy makers encourage inhabitants to support the attraction of private investment, it will be possible to recognise how power is manifested at a local level. This article proposes to demonstrate how the Local Authority and other public and private (and public–private partnership) organisations in Liverpool intend to embrace the inhabitants in urban neoliberal policies. Such recognition gives insight on how the process of urban neoliberalism has evolved and is advocated at a local level. By means of frame analysis (Goffman E (1986) Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience. Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press) of strategic documents, it is proposed that the inhabitants are stereotyped according to specific characterisations and hence, included within the narratives of urban regeneration as a ‘product’. It is argued that this commodification and one-dimensional image of the inhabitants becomes a means of giving a global representation through the reappropriation of historical stereotypes. The paper demonstrates how future success is constructed, with neoliberalism legitimated through imposition and control of the inhabitants’ identity.
Shame and Guilt in India: Declining Social Control and The Role Of Education
Authors: Patel Pravin J.
Published: September 2018

Contemporary Indian society struggles to arrest moral erosion, as traditional social control mechanisms backed by shame have declined. The article argues that unless individual self-control based on a re-configurated morality emphasising shame as well as guilt is sufficiently strengthened, the present negative spiral cannot be reversed. Differences between shame culture and guilt culture are explored to identify how socialisation and education as key mechanisms for transmitting values and morality may be revamped to nurture better consciousness and moral renewal. Educational strategies would need to emphasise duties rather than rights, already reflected in constitutional guidance about Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution. Thus, a rational, secular approach that trusts educators to deliver value-based education in India without necessarily strengthening Hindu nationalist tendencies is suggested as a viable way forward.
Positive correlation between cognitive impairment and renal microangiopathy in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Li Jinyu , Pan Jiamin , Li Bohan , Tian Huiyu , Zhu Ying , Liao Zhihao , Kou Li , Tang Chaogang , Wang Mingwei , Ye Guoqiang , Wang Ming
Published: September 2018

Objective

This study was performed to explore the correlation between cognitive impairment and renal microangiopathy in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) by detecting changes in cognitive function and cerebral metabolism in these patients with different stages of T2DN.

Methods

Prospectively maintained databases were reviewed from 2006 to 2017. Blood biochemical indexes and the urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) were measured in all participants. Cognitive function was assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA). Cognitive impairment was the primary endpoint. Renal microangiopathy was the secondary endpoint. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess correlations.

Results

Two hundred sixteen patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were divided into three groups according to their UAER: T2DM without nephropathy (n=72), early T2DM with nephropathy (n=74), and the clinical stage of early T2DM with nephropathy (n=70). Healthy participants were selected as the normal control group (n=70). Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that the total MMSE and MoCA score was negatively correlated with the UAER (r=−0.327) and positively correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (r=0.428) in patients with T2DN.

Conclusions

The present study showed a positive correlation between cognitive impairment and renal microangiopathy in patients with T2DN.
Book Review: Nand and Sarika Dhameja. 2016. Infrastructure Development and Financing
Authors: Srivastava Vikas
Published: September 2018

Nand and Sarika Dhameja. 2016. Infrastructure Development and Financing. New Delhi: Viva Books Private Limited, ISBN-10: 813093454X; ISBN-13: 9788130934549.
Team Effectiveness: A Relational Approach with Employee Retention
Authors: Ansari K. R. , Bijalwan Pankaj
Published: September 2018

Purpose:

The current study endeavours to highlight the relation among team effectiveness (TE) and the employee’s decision to stay with or leave the organization. The research also studies the impact of demographic factors such as gender, qualification, experience, and tenure on employee retention (ER) and TE.

Approach:

The research was conducted to collect the response through questionnaire by the employees working in different organizations of service sector (such as educational institute, banking, insurance, and several others) in Uttarakhand state. Different statistical tools, such as Cronbach’s alpha, coefficient of correlation, t-test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA), have been applied to test the hypothesis.

Findings:

The result of the study reveals that tenure of the employee in an organization influences its decision to stay in the organization, which further helps the teams to perform effectively.

Limitations:

Irrespective of limitations, such as small sample size and survey of few teams from a certain type of sector, this research carries implications for researchers to investigate the unrevealed facts on TE and ER in the context of the service sector of Uttarakhand.

Practical Implication:

The ER strategies can help to improve and develop TE, which has paramount importance for service sector.

Originality:

This article fulfils and identifies the need of retaining valuable employees to increase the organizational and individual effectiveness.
Book Review: Ruby R. Brougham (Ed.). 2009. New Directions in Aging Research: Health and Cognition
Authors: Srivastava Shashi Kant
Published: September 2018

Ruby R. Brougham (Ed.). 2009. New Directions in Aging Research: Health and Cognition. New York: Nova Biomedical Books, 200 pp., £41.73, ISBN 978-1-61728-547-9
‘Improvement focused’ evaluation of place-based initiatives: An examination of three methodologies
Authors: Heery Lauren , Naccarella Lucio , McKenzie Rosemary
Published: September 2018

Place-based initiatives offer a comprehensive, whole-of-community approach to solving complex problems. Impact evaluation of complex initiatives is challenging and alternative ‘improvement focused’ methodologies, such as developmental evaluation, action research and quality improvement, are being used. Limited understanding exists about how these methodologies work when used in place-based initiatives, which contexts they are individually best suited to and what they can achieve. This article examines the methodologies of developmental evaluation, action research and quality improvement when applied to the evaluation of place-based initiatives. The approach used a realist evaluation methodology, involving a 10-year literature review and three ‘instrumental’ case studies, which is described in detail in an accompanying paper (Heery, Naccarella & McKenzie, 2018). Contextual factors, mechanisms and outcomes for the application of developmental evaluation, action research and quality improvement to place-based evaluation were identified so as to build a theory for each methodology. The three methodologies have similar mechanisms; they are cyclical and comprise planning, doing, studying and acting, and all result in continuous improvement of the initiatives, increasing collaboration and increasing evaluation capacity. A key difference between the methodologies is their perceived purpose. These findings can support practitioners, commissioners and users of evaluation working in the place-based arena in three ways: advocating for the adoption of ‘improvement focused’ evaluation; selecting the most appropriate ‘improvement focused’ methodology; and identifying and addressing the facilitating factors particular to the selected methodology to increase the effectiveness of the evaluation.
Reworks: A robust system efficiency measure
Authors: Renger Ralph , Keogh Brain , Hawkins Andrew , Foltysova Jirina , Souvannasacd Eric
Published: September 2018

The article reports on the inaugural Australian-American system evaluation summit convened in Wyoming, USA, focusing on the application of system evaluation theory (SET). The think tank noted SET’s efficiency principles and published illustrations are emergency response sector specific and pondered whether efficiency measures could be identified for systems targeting complex social problems. The article describes how the think tank used the concept of system waste as a springboard to identify reworks as a universal system efficiency measure. Reworks were defined as repeating all or part of a system standard operating procedure (SOP) or adding additional steps to the SOP to satisfy externalities to the primary purpose. The article then describes the think tank conclusions regarding the utility of reworks as a proxy measure for the four SET factors influencing system efficiency: training, information technology, leadership and culture. The think tank concludes with a discussion of the cautions evaluators should observe when interpreting reworks.
Functional Family Therapy (FFT) for Behavior Disordered Youth Aged 10–18: An Overview of Reviews
Authors: Weisman Clio Belle , Montgomery Paul
Published: September 2018

Purpose:

This overview of reviews analyses the existing evidence base of functional family therapy (FFT), which is a manualized, family-based intervention for youth with behavioral problems and their families. FFT has been implemented among youth aged 10–18 at risk of, or presenting with, behavioral problems such as delinquency, violence, substance abuse, sexual perpetration, and truancy.

Method:

A multipronged search was conducted across 15 databases, 10 websites, and expert contacts in February 2018.

Results:

The search yielded 159 hits of which 31 were included and critically appraised. Included reviews were published between 1986 and 2018 and the number of included studies ranged from 1 to 18 (including 20–5,344 participants). Main effects of the intervention on core outcomes (recidivism and substance abuse) were modest and out-of-home placement was not reported. Secondary outcomes were also modest but generally positive.

Conclusions:

Findings demonstrate that overall quality of reviews is low, which makes any certainties about FFT inconclusive; this overview provides a concise, valid, and methodologically sound synthesis of the research into FFT, which requires more rigorous investigation.
Telemedicine in long-term care of glaucoma patients
Authors: Odden Jamie L , Khanna Cheryl L , Choo Clara M , Zhao Bingying , Shah Saumya M , Stalboerger Gina M , Bennett Jeffrey R , Schornack Muriel M
Published: September 2018

Introduction

This manuscript describes data from an original study, simulating a tele-glaucoma programme in an established clinic practice with an interdisciplinary team. This is a ‘real life’ trial of a telemedicine approach to see a follow-up patient. The goal is to evaluate the accuracy of such a programme to detect worsening and/or unstable disease. Such a programme is attractive since in-clinic time could be reduced for both the patient and provider. This study evaluates agreement between in-person and remote assessment of glaucoma progression.

Methods

A total of 200 adult glaucoma patients were enrolled at a single institution. The in-person assessment by an optometrist or glaucoma specialist at time of enrolment was used as the gold standard for defining progression. Collated clinical data were then reviewed by four masked providers who classified glaucoma as progression or non-progression in each eye by comparing data from enrolment visit to data from the visit immediately prior to enrolment. Agreement of glaucoma progression between the masked observer and the in-person assessment was determined using Kappa statistics. Intra-observer agreement was calculated using Kappa to compare in-person to remote assessment when both assessments were performed by the same provider ( n = 279 eyes).

Results

A total of 399 eyes in 200 subjects were analysed. Agreement between in-person versus remote assessment for the determination of glaucoma progression was 63%, 62%, 69% and 68% for each reader 1–4 (kappa values = 0.19, 0.20, 0.35 and 0.33, respectively). For intra-observer agreement, reader 1 agreed with their own in-person assessment for 65% of visits (kappa = 0.18).

Discussion

Intra-observer agreement was similar to the agreement for each provider who did not see the patient in person. This similarity suggests that telemedicine may be equally effective at identifying glaucomatous disease progression, regardless of whether the same provider performed both in-clinic and remote assessments. However, fair agreement levels highlight a limitation of using only telemedicine data to determine progression compared with clinical detail available during in-patient assessment.
Book Review: Wiegratz, J. 2016: Neoliberal Moral Economy: Capitalism, Socio-cultural Change and Fraud in Uganda
Authors: Cader Jean
Published: September 2018

Wiegratz, J. 2016: Neoliberal Moral Economy: Capitalism, Socio-cultural Change and Fraud in Uganda. London and New York, NY: Rowman & Littlefield international Limited. 375 pp. £29.95/US$44.95. £31.95 (paperback) ISBN: 978 1 78348 854 4 (paperback). ISBN: 978 1 78348 853 7 (cloth). ISBN: 978 1 78348 855 1 (e-book).
Book Review: Cooper, E. and Pratten, D., editors. 2015: Ethnographies of Uncertainty in Africa
Authors: Groenewoudt Aleid
Published: September 2018

Cooper, E. and Pratten, D., editors. 2015: Ethnographies of Uncertainty in Africa. Anthropology, Change and Development Series. UK: Palgrave Macmillan. xiii + 198 p. Ä89,99 (Paperback). Ä93,99. ISBN: 978-1-137-35082-4 (Hardback). ISBN: 978-1-349-46860-7 (Softcover).
Book Review: Gorringe, H. 2017: Panthers in Parliament: Dalits, Caste and Political Power in South India
Authors: Kapadia Karin
Published: September 2018

Gorringe, H. 2017: Panthers in Parliament: Dalits, Caste and Political Power in South India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. Xxvi + 398 pp. £32.99 (Hardback). ISBN-13: 978-0199468157.
Elevation of cerebrospinal fluid cytokine/chemokines involved in innate, T cell, and granulocyte inflammation in pediatric focal cerebral arteriopathy
Authors: Kothur Kavitha , Troedson Christopher , Webster Richard , Bandodkar Sushil , Chu Stephanie , Wienholt Louise , Pope Alun , Mackay Mark T , Dale Russell C
Published: September 2018

Aim

To determine the role of inflammation in pediatric transient focal cerebral arteriopathy using cerebrospinal fluid cytokine/chemokines as biomarkers.

Methods

We measured 32 cytokine/chemokines in acute cerebrospinal fluid collected from children with stroke due to focal cerebral arteriopathy (n = 5) using multiplex immunoassay and compared with two patients with arterial ischemic stroke due to other causes (non-focal cerebral arteriopathy group, vertebral dissection, n = 1; cryptogenic, n = 1), pediatric encephalitis (n = 43), and non-inflammatory neurological disease controls (n = 20).

Results

Median age in the focal cerebral arteriopathy group was 9.3 years (range, 2.8–13 years). In the focal cerebral arteriopathy group (n = 5), four patients had middle cerebral ± distal carotid arteriopathy; one patient had posterior circulation arteriopathy. The median time from symptom onset to cerebrospinal fluid sampling was four days (range, 0.6–7 days). Only IL-6, IL-8, CXCL1, and CXCL10 levels were significantly higher in the acute cerebrospinal fluid of focal cerebral arteriopathy patients compared to non-inflammatory neurological disease controls and non-focal cerebral arteriopathy stroke. In contrast to focal cerebral arteriopathy, a broad array of Th1, Th2, Treg, Th17, B-cell related, and other broad spectrum cytokine/chemokines were elevated in encephalitis.

Conclusion

The elevated cerebrospinal fluid cytokine/chemokines support innate, T cell, and granulocyte inflammatory mechanisms in children with focal cerebral arteriopathy. This warrants larger cohort studies to discriminate primary inflammatory signals of the arteriopathy from secondary inflammation due to the stroke itself.
Clinical prediction of thrombectomy eligibility: A systematic review and 4-item decision tree
Authors: Koster Gaia T , Nguyen T Truc My , van Zwet Erik W , Garcia Bjarty L , Rowling Hannah R , Bosch J , Schonewille Wouter J , Velthuis Birgitta K , van den Wijngaard Ido R , den Hertog Heleen M , Roos Yvo BWEM , van Walderveen Marianne AA , Wermer Marieke JH , Kruyt Nyika D
Published: September 2018

Background

A clinical large anterior vessel occlusion (LAVO)-prediction scale could reduce treatment delays by allocating intra-arterial thrombectomy (IAT)-eligible patients directly to a comprehensive stroke center.

Aim

To subtract, validate and compare existing LAVO-prediction scales, and develop a straightforward decision support tool to assess IAT-eligibility.

Methods

We performed a systematic literature search to identify LAVO-prediction scales. Performance was compared in a prospective, multicenter validation cohort of the Dutch acute Stroke study (DUST) by calculating area under the receiver operating curves (AUROC). With group lasso regression analysis, we constructed a prediction model, incorporating patient characteristics next to National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) items. Finally, we developed a decision tree algorithm based on dichotomized NIHSS items.

Results

We identified seven LAVO-prediction scales. From DUST, 1316 patients (35.8% LAVO-rate) from 14 centers were available for validation. FAST-ED and RACE had the highest AUROC (both >0.81, p < 0.01 for comparison with other scales). Group lasso analysis revealed a LAVO-prediction model containing seven NIHSS items (AUROC 0.84). With the GACE (Gaze, facial Asymmetry, level of Consciousness, Extinction/inattention) decision tree, LAVO is predicted (AUROC 0.76) for 61% of patients with assessment of only two dichotomized NIHSS items, and for all patients with four items.

Conclusion

External validation of seven LAVO-prediction scales showed AUROCs between 0.75 and 0.83. Most scales, however, appear too complex for Emergency Medical Services use with prehospital validation generally lacking. GACE is the first LAVO-prediction scale using a simple decision tree as such increasing feasibility, while maintaining high accuracy. Prehospital prospective validation is planned.
How Enclosure and Spatial Organization Affect Residents’ Use and Experience of a Dementia Special Care Unit: A Case Study
Authors: Van Hecke Liesl , Van Steenwinkel Iris , Heylighen Ann
Published: September 2018

Aim:

We aim to gain insight into how a dementia special care unit is used and experienced by its residents and what design aspects are important therein.

Background:

In Flanders, housing for people with dementia evolves toward small-scale, homelike environments. As population aging challenges the affordability of this evolution, architects and other designers are asked to design dementia special care units that offer the advantages of small scaleness within the context of large-scale residential care facilities. How these units are used and experienced is not systematically evaluated.

Method:

A case study was conducted in a recently built residential care facility where a dementia special care unit was foreseen on the ground floor, yet after a few months was moved to the top floor. The case study combined architectural analysis, participant observation, and qualitative interviews with residents and care staff.

Results:

Comparing the original situation on the ground floor with the new situation on the top floor highlights how enclosure (physical and visual access to outside and the rest of the facility) and spatial organization affect how residents use and experience a dementia special care unit.

Conclusions:

Depending on the type and stage of dementia, residents may have different needs for space to move, sensory stimuli, and social contact. In order to meet these different needs, confining residents to a dementia special care unit to the top floor should be avoided unless it is carefully designed, providing sufficient freedom of movement and connection with the outside world.
Rhinolithiasis: A Misleading Entity
Authors: Adib Hayat , Natout Mohamad Ali El , Zaytoun Georges , Hadi Usamah Al
Published: September 2018

Introduction

Rhinolithiasis is a rare entity; it entails a stone located in the nasal cavity. The entity presents with different signs and symptoms that can be easily confused with other more common clinical entities such as chronic rhinosinusitis. However, it can also mimic sinonasal tumors, making its proper diagnosis crucial.

Materials and Methods

In this article, we present a case series of 15 patients over the past 13 years between 2002 and 2015 who were seen in the clinics at the American University of Beirut Medical Center. We will shed light on the common presenting symptoms, physical examination findings, proper diagnostic modalities, and treatment options. Our data will be compared to the literature.

Conclusion

Rhinolithiasis could present with a wide spectrum of signs and symptoms and could be overlooked or mistaken for other diagnosis such as sinusitis or malignancy. It could be differentiated from other entities by rigid nasal endoscopy and computed tomography scan. The diagnosis of rhinolithiasis requires a high index of suspicion.
No Child Left Behind: Gifted Children and School Counselors
Authors: Gentry Marcia
Published: September 2018

A gifted-education researcher discusses the potential effects of No Child Left Behind on gifted children and adolescents as well as implications for those who counsel such children in public schools. With the primary purpose of stimulating thought, discussion, and action, she addresses the marginalization of gifted and other at-risk children in the current educational climate and provides recommendations for school counselors.
Exploratory Study of Common and Challenging Ethical Dilemmas Experienced by Professional School Counselors
Authors: Bodenhorn Nancy
Published: September 2018

Results of a survey asking public school counselors in Virginia to indicate their most common and most challenging ethical dilemmas are presented. Ninety-two school counselors reported that the most common and challenging ethical dilemmas included those involving student confidentiality, dual relationship with faculty, parental rights, and acting on information of student danger to themselves or others. Results are reported for differences in academic level. Implications for professional school counselors and counselor educators are discussed.
The Career Fair as a Vehicle for Enhancing Occupational Self-Efficacy
Authors: Kolodinsky Pit , Schroder Vincent , Montopoli George , McLean Scott , Mangan Peter A. , Pederson William
Published: September 2018

Career development objectives, as codified in the American School Counselor Association's National Standards, can be overshadowed by the growing emphasis on academic standards, testing, and accountability so thematic of national educational and public policy initiatives. The career fair vehicle, which proactively employs the wisdom of social cognitive learning and self-efficacy theory (Bandura, 1995), may be well suited to this challenge. In this study, 139 predominantly high school-aged adolescents attending a career fair were exposed to a variety of mostly female professionals discussing and demonstrating their professions. Pre- and post-test analysis of occupational self-efficacy, or confidence in performing the duties associated with a range of occupations, revealed that this variable was strongly influenced in the short term. The authors discuss these results in the context of self-efficacy theory as well as implications for school counselors engaged in career development.
Using Multimedia to Reduce Bullying and Victimization in Third-Grade Urban Schools
Authors: McLaughlin Laura , Laux John M. , Pescara-Kovach Lisa
Published: September 2018

This study investigated the effects of increasing levels of multimedia interventions (cognitive behavioral treatment, videotapes, and CD-ROM modules) on self-reported bullying and victimization among urban third graders. Students’ self-ratings were assessed using Reynolds’ Bully Victimization Scale (Reynolds, 2003). The results indicated that the interventions did produce statistically significant reductions in bullying and victimization scores; however, these reductions were not universally associated with multimedia intervention type. Implications for school counselors and future researchers are offered.
School Counseling Departmental Web Sites: What Message Do We Send?
Authors: Milsom Amy , Bryant Jill
Published: September 2018

School counselors have struggled to define their roles for years. The use of technology has been discussed as one method for disseminating information about school counselor roles. Content from 456 school counseling departmental Web sites was examined and results showed that the majority of Web sites did not contain information pertaining to school counselor roles, comprehensive, developmental counseling programs, or other current trends in school counseling. Suggestions for using departmental Web sites for school counselor self-advocacy are provided.
Understanding the Concerns of Parents of Students with Disabilities: Challenges and Roles for School Counselors
Authors: Taub Deborah J.
Published: September 2018

Parents of children with disabilities share concerns common to all parents, but they also have additional concerns that are unique to their children's disabilities. Professional school counselors can be more effective in their work with parents of students with disabilities, as well as with the students themselves, the students' teachers, and other students, if they understand parental perspectives. Areas of concern are described, and implications for school counselors are discussed.
Preparing Inner-City Adolescents to Transition into High School
Authors: Turner Sherri L.
Published: September 2018

The study in this article investigated how academic preparation, career development skills, parental assistance, and social/environmental barriers predicted inner-city adolescents' psychological preparation to transition into high school. Results showed that academic preparation, parents' instrumental assistance, adolescents' career development skills efficacy, lack of teacher and peer support, and teenage pregnancy were predictive for both boys and girls. Suggestions appropriate to assist inner-city youth in preparing for high school are offered.
Helping Rural Adolescents Make Successful Postsecondary Transitions: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Lapan Richard T. , Aoyagi Mark , Kayson Marc
Published: September 2018

The longitudinal study in this article tested whether advantages in the career development of high school seniors resulted in better transition outcomes for these young adults 3 years after they graduated from high school. Enhanced career development in high school was significantly connected to more successful transitions into the adult roles of worker and learner and to greater satisfaction with one's life. Providing consistent and competent career development services to all students in high school is an essential task for professional school counselors.
Counseling Adolescent Girls for Body Image Resilience: Strategies for School Counselors
Authors: Choate Laura Hensley
Published: September 2018

Because body image dissatisfaction is such a pervasive problem in adolescent girls, school counselors need to develop effective prevention programs in this area. In this article, a model to promote girls' body image resilience is presented. The model identifies five protective factors that contribute to girls' abilities to resist sociocultural pressures regarding thinness. Specific prevention and counseling strategies that school counselors can use to promote positive body image in adolescent girls are provided.
Developmental Counseling and Therapy as a Model for School Counselor Consultation with Teachers
Authors: Clemens Elysia
Published: September 2018

Referral requests for individual counseling pose a threat to the implementation of comprehensive school counseling programs (Jackson & White, 2000). Consulting with teachers is one way that school counselors can efficiently respond to some referrals while also providing system support. Using a developmental counseling and therapy–based consultation model, school counselors can assess how a teacher is conceptualizing a student's behavior, respond to the stress a teacher may feel connected to that behavior, and indirectly effect change in a classroom system.
Critical Incidents in the Development of Supportive Principals: Facilitating School Counselor-Principal Relationships
Authors: Dollarhide Colette T. , Smith Alexanderia T. , Lemberger Matthew E.
Published: September 2018

The qualitative study in this article explores critical incidents that may facilitate the support a principal provides for a school counseling program. Through structured interviews, supportive principals are asked to reflect on their prior experiences with school counselors, their educational exposure to school counseling, and their recommendations for school counselors. Results suggest that by demonstrating effective leadership and systemic interactions, school counselors can foster relationships with principals that can help them expand their roles and their programs.
Middle School Students’ Expectations about Counseling
Authors: Moore-Thomas Cheryl , Lent Robert W.
Published: September 2018

Although counseling expectations have been studied in late adolescent and adult samples, little is known about younger adolescents’ openness to counseling and perceptions of the counseling process. In this study, 329 middle school students completed the Expectations About Counseling Questionnaire–Brief Form (Tinsley, 1982). An exploratory factor analysis indicated support for a two-factor structure, consisting of expectations about (a) the student's role and (b) the school counselor's role. Implications are considered for future research and practical efforts to enable young adolescents to benefit more fully from responsive counseling services.
Conducting Adolescent Violence Risk Assessments: A Framework for School Counselors
Authors: Bernes Kerry B. , Bardick Angela D.
Published: September 2018

There have been numerous publications devoted to preventing violence and bullying in schools, resulting in school counselors being well equipped with school-wide violence prevention ideas and programs. Despite these violence prevention efforts, some students may pose a threat to others and thus may require a comprehensive assessment for violence risk, especially targeted violence. The purpose of this article is to provide school counselors with a framework for assessing students who may be at risk for violence in general or who may be at risk specifically for targeted violence.
In the Aftermath of a School Hostage Event: A Case Study of One School Counselor's Response
Authors: Daniels Jeffrey A. , Bradley Mary C. , Cramer Daniel P. , Winkler Amy , Kinebrew Kisha , Crockett Deleska
Published: September 2018

The authors interviewed a school counselor to determine her response to an armed hostage event in a classroom. They found that her primary interventions took place after the perpetrator had been taken into custody, through counseling students who had been in the room, contacting professionals from the school district and the local mental health facility for help, and coordinating these other professionals. Results are presented in light of the crisis intervention literature. Finally, implications for professional school counselors are discussed.
Student Success Skills: A Promising Program to Close the Academic Achievement Gap for African American and Latino Students
Authors: Miranda Alexis , Webb Linda , Brigman Greg , Peluso Paul
Published: September 2018

Academic achievement data from four previous Student Success Skills (SSS) studies were aggregated and examined to determine if there were differential effects in improved test scores among White, Latino, and African American students. Results showed that posttest scores for the treatment group were significantly higher than the comparison group in math as well as reading. There were no interactions or main effects for ethnicity. White, Latino, and African American students showed similar gains after SSS participation.
Therapeutic Letter Writing from School Counselors to Students, Parents, and Teachers
Authors: Oliver Marvarene , Nelson Kaye W. , Cade Rochelle , Cueva Catherine
Published: September 2018

This article discusses therapeutic letter writing by school counselors as a way of enhancing effectiveness of direct services to students. Writing as an effective therapeutic tool has been well-documented, and therapeutic letter writing specifically has been shown to have positive effects. This article provides a brief literature review, along with sample letters that might be used in elementary, middle, and high school levels. Guidelines for constructing letters are included.
Integrating Academic Interventions into Small Group Counseling in Elementary School
Authors: Steen Sam , Kaffenberger Carol J.
Published: September 2018

Professional school counselors face the challenge of delivering guidance and counseling services to students while connecting to the educational mission of schools. This article is a summary and evaluation of a small group counseling program that targets academic issues while addressing personal/social issues with elementary-aged children. Results suggest that integrating academic interventions and group counseling improved students’ behavior related to school achievement. Implications for school counselors and application of the ASCA National Model® are briefly discussed.
Creating Narrative Leagues in Schools
Authors: Olson Seth D. , Korcuska James S. , Paez Susan B.
Published: September 2018

The authors present a practical set of guidelines for school counselors interested in initiating and using narrative leagues after a small group experience ends. A case example demonstrates how a narrative league can help students to maintain new skills or behaviors.
Creating Healthy Acculturation Pathways: Integrating Theory and Research to Inform Counselors’ Work with Immigrant Children
Authors: Park-Taylor Jennie , Walsh Mary E. , Ventura Allison B.
Published: September 2018

This article has two purposes. First, it integrates the underlying principles of developmental systems theory (Ford & Lerner, 1992; Lerner, 2002, 2004) with the most recent research on immigrant youth. Second, based on an analysis of both theory and research, it offers implications for school counseling professionals’ work with immigrant youth that take into account contextual factors, sources of risk and resilience, and the impact of multiple levels of development over the course of the lifespan.
An Investigation of a Model of Academic Motivation for School Counseling
Authors: Scheel Michael J. , Gonzalez Jaime
Published: September 2018

A theoretical model of academic motivation consisting of (a) academic self-efficacy, (b) purposefulness and intentionality, and (c) support through school counseling for autonomous learning was explored with 346 high school juniors. Regression analysis indicated academic self-efficacy and utilization of school counseling to be significant predictors of academic motivation after controlling for previous school performance. A second regression analysis supported the premise that students who are more optimistic about their future and perceive fewer impediments to future goals will be more likely to use school counseling services. Recommendations for school counseling practice and research are discussed.