bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Nutrition and Diet during COVID-19 pandemic: A narrative review
Authors: Pal Jagriti , Sethi Divya , Taywade Manish , Pal Rajni
Published: October 2022

COVID-19 has impacted mankind drastically; whether it be physical and mental health, global economy, or social disruption, everyone has sustained losses. To prevent the spread, strict containment measures and stay at home guidelines were issued by officials. Due to this, an unanticipated and rapid change has occurred in the daily routine and lifestyle of the people. Physical distancing and quarantine measures strongly impacted people’s lives, their eating habits and everyday ablutions. A comprehensive search of recent literature related to nutrition and diet during the pandemic was undertaken using electronic databases like MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate. This review deals with the effects of COVID-19 on malnutrition, the foods that help in boosting the immune system, and on specific, vulnerable, age groups. Although there are various health concerns that has come up during the pandemic, through this review, we investigate some aspects related to nutrition as the recovery of every individual who was affected by COVID-19 was influenced by their nutritional intake.
Self-efficacy and knowledge in pediatrics among family medicine physicians in Armenia: A survey study
Authors: Markosian Christopher , Baghdassarian Aline , Best Al M. , Ghazaryan Hrachuhi , Antonyan Lusine , Libaridian Lorky
Published: October 2022

Background:

Armenia has trained physicians to practice family medicine (FM) for over 20 years. The pediatric population comprises a significant proportion of patients seen by FM practices, yet to date, there have been no studies assessing the knowledge and self-efficacy of FM physicians regarding pediatric care. As the first step is needs assessment to improve the quality of care, this study aims to assess the self-efficacy and knowledge of FM physicians regarding the care of pediatric patients.

Materials and Methods:

We distributed a survey to attendees at an FM conference in Lori Province, Armenia. The survey instrument assessed demographics and experience, self-efficacy in providing pediatric care, and pediatric knowledge via questions adapted from the American Board of Family Medicine (ABFM).

Results:

Eighty-seven percent of participants were female. Roughly half (45%) had trained through an FM residency program, while the remainder had retrained to become FM physicians following a residency in another field. Almost all (97%) practiced outside of the capital city, Yerevan. About half believed that their didactic (51%) and clinical education (48%) prepared them either “extremely” or “very” well. Overall, there was no clear relationship between participants’ reported self-efficacy in a given area of pediatrics and their score in that area on the knowledge portion of the survey.

Conclusions:

Our findings reveal opportunities for improvement in knowledge related to pediatric care in FM physicians in Armenia, as well as a lack of relationship between reported self-efficacy and knowledge. Thus, future programs should not rely solely on self-reported gaps to identify or prioritize areas of focus. Further study is recommended in other specialties in Armenia and internationally to improve future programs.
Predictors of adherence to prescribed antihypertensive medications among Hypertensive (15-49 years) in India: A secondary data analysis of National Family Health Survey 4
Authors: Singh Mitasha , Yadav Kartikey , Goswami Shweta , Parashar Mamta , Gupta Ekta , Verma Madhur , Goel Sonu , Malhotra Sumit
Published: October 2022

Background:

Adherence to medications is one of the key determinants of therapeutic control of high blood pressure and is seen as a bottleneck in our fight against hypertension control. We have little scientific evidence from India that highlights the determinants of treatment adherence.

Aim:

The purpose of this study was to identify the predictor adherence to the currently prescribed antihypertensive medications.

Material and Methods:

We did a secondary data analysis of the National Family Health Survey, 2015-2016 datasets. As there were no direct variables to measure adherence, this was derived from the responses to the survey question: “currently taking a prescribed hypertensive medication to lower Blood Pressure” among those already diagnosed as hypertensives by the physician. The other sociodemographic and household-level variables were used as independent variables for analysis.

Results:

The level of awareness about their hypertensive status among the 15–49-year-olds who were subjected to blood pressure measurement was 9.34% (70,267/80,3081). Of these, 70,267 participants, 65878 with valid hypertensive individual data were included in the final analysis. Among them, 26.78% are currently adhering to antihypertensive medication. Female gender (adj OR; 95% CI: 1.17 [1.09–1.24]) and non-reserved caste ([OR] 1.24; 95% [CI]: 1.18–1.32) depicted better adherence to the current treatment. The hypertensives who preferred taking treatment from shops or at home or some other place in comparison to health facilities had a significant association with adherence (adj OR: 1.64; 95% CI: [1.43–1.88]).

Conclusion:

The current study reported low adherence to the current antihypertensive medication. Gender, higher age group, obesity, and place of taking the treatment were strongly associated with adherence to treatment.
Intraosseous Hemangioma with unusual presentation
Authors: Dash Monalisa , Pathi Jugajyoti , Singh Dhirendra K. , Sangamesh NC
Published: October 2022

Intrabony vascular lesions are extremely rare conditions. The lesions include 0.5% to 1% of all intraosseous tumors. Females are more predilected than males with a female: male ratio of 2:1, usually affecting the second decade of life. Most common sites of occurrence of these lesions are in the vertebral column and skull, jaws are the rare location with the mandible being the quite rare location. The origin of hemangiomas is still doubtful. Many of the authors believe it as hamartoma but as per World Health Organization, it as a true benign neoplasm of vascular origin. The clinical presentation of hemangiomas is variable with atypical radiographic presentations. Due to the varied presentations of this lesion, the diagnosis becomes very difficult. But diagnosing central hemangiomas early is essential for preventing uncontrollable hemorrhage and even death during any surgical intervention.

We present a case of intraosseous cavernous hemangioma which presented as periapical radiolucency with specks of calcification, quiet a rare presentation. The case was managed by embolization followed by surgical resection of the body of the mandible.
Investigating the leading reasons for primary health care encounters and its implications for health care in Trinidad and Tobago. A systematic review
Authors: Khan Raveed , Khan Adam , Mohammed Ishmail , Dan Farhaana , Cooper Valtio , Charles Sherise , Charles Nkese , Clarke Whitney , Clarke Jeniece , Creary Devonia , Chankersingh Ashley
Published: October 2022

This systematic review aims at offering a comparative analysis of the leading reasons for encounters (RFEs) of patients presenting to primary care facilities. A systemic search was carried out using MEDLINE/PUBMED, CINAHL, Google Scholar, LILACS, and PROQUEST to identify the studies relevant to RFEs in primary health care in June 2020. Fifteen studies met the eligibility criteria which included originality, published between 2015 and 2020, listed two to five RFEs at a primary health care facility, and included patients with acute and/or chronic conditions. The mean total RFEs recorded were 6753.07 (Standard deviation = 17446.38, 95% Confidence Interval 6,753.0667 ± 8,829.088 [± 130.74%]). The most common RFE chapters recorded were Respiratory and Digestive chapters. The patients recorded fever as the most frequently reported RFE while cough was ranked as most common. The physicians reported hypertension as the most frequently reported and most common RFE. The most frequently physician and patient reported RFEs to the primary health care are hypertension and fever. Respiratory and Digestive were the most frequently reported chapters. The findings are useful for the proper implementation of services, facilities, and equipment utilized in Trinidad and Tobago primary health care.
Burden of diabetic foot syndrome in rural community: Need for screening and health promotion
Authors: James Joel J. , Vargese Saritha S. , Raju Aarya S. , Johny Vinny , Kuriakose Allen , Mathew Elsheba
Published: October 2022

Context:

Living with diabetes can be difficult since it can affect the patient in many ways. Diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) is described as a group of symptoms where neuropathy reduced blood supply and infection leads to tissue breakdown and morbidity.

Aim:

This study aims to determine the prevalence of DFS and associated sociodemographic and treatment-related factors among adults living with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a rural community.

Setting and Design:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in an area under the rural health training centre of department of Community Medicine.

Methods and Material:

The study was conducted to determine DFS by measuring neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease using Michigan neuropathy screening instrument, and clinical examination.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The data collected was analyzed using SPSS 25.

Results:

The prevalence of DFS among those with type 2 diabetes mellitus was high (51.7%). DFS was associated with advanced age (>75 years), duration of diabetes for more than 5 years and with foot ulcer. Smoking and alcohol consumption were not associated with DFS.

Conclusion:

Half of those with diabetes had DFS. People with DFS were more likely to be older and living with diabetes for longer duration. This underscores the need for early identification of DFS by the primary care physicians. Further research on the role of health professionals at the primary care level in educating and screening DFS in people with diabetes are required.
Effect of rhinoplasty on changing body images in candidates for surgery
Authors: Radman Masoud , Pourhoseinali Leili
Published: October 2022

Background:

According to statistics, the number of rhinoplasty applicants is increasing. Rhinoplasty is performed to improve the nose shape fit into the face.

Objective:

The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of rhinoplasty on changing body images in rhinoplasty candidates.

Methods:

The statistical population of the present prospective study, including those referring to the Otorhinolaryngology Clinic of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences (Iran) with complaints of dissatisfaction with the appearance of the nose and demand for rhinoplasty, completed Body Image Concern (BIC) Inventory and Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) before and 6 months after surgery at the clinic. Data were analysed using SPSS software version 16 using Mann–Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests at a significance level of 0.05.

Results:

In total, 95 subjects were examined, of which 85 (89.5%) were women and 57 (60%) were single. There was no difference in the mean scores of BIC and Y-BOCS between women and men as well as between single and married subjects (p < 0.05). The Wilcoxon test results showed that the mean score of post-operative Y-BOCS was significantly increased in the rhinoplasty subjects (p < 0.001). Moreover, the mean score of post-operative BIC was significantly decreased in the rhinoplasty subjects (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

The results of this study demonstrated that the rhinoplasty could improve the body image status and increase the obsessive thoughts and actions in an individual. Therefore, psychological primary care for avoiding pointless surgical plan and pre-operative psychological counselling, is suggested to examine the individual’s psychological status and to assess the individual’s expectations of surgery along with the necessary explanations.
Quality of life among caregivers of epileptic children with degree of controlling seizures in Aseer region
Authors: Asiri Ashwag , Mohammad Asiri , Otaif Mansour , Amer Khaled Abdulwahab , Aldosari Abdulrahman Ali , Al-Maalwi Razan Saeed , Al-Muhsin Sereen Dhafer , Amer Arwa Abdulwahab
Published: October 2022

Epilepsy affects nearly 50 million people worldwide. Epilepsy can affect the quality of life of both the child and the caregiver leaving them unable to function in other areas of life. This quality of life is highly dependent on treatment adherence and how individuals feel about taking their medication. In our study, we aimed to investigate the frequency of medication adherence and the quality of life of caregivers of children with epilepsy. For this purpose, we conducted a cross-sectional survey at the Abha Maternity and Children’s Hospital. We enrolled 133 consecutive participants and asked them to complete a questionnaire. The results showed that 37.6% of the participants forgot to take their medications, 9.8% of the participants reported that they were sometimes careless about giving their children medications and sometimes stopped giving them when the children were feeling better, 15.8% of the participants indicated that they sometimes stopped giving the medication when they felt that their children were getting worse when they took the medication., and 26.3% of the participants agreed that they only administered the medication when the children were sick. It was also found that the quality of life of the caregivers decreased when they forgot to give their children the medication and the quality of life of the caregivers increased when they continued to take the medication. In conclusion, quality of life increases as adherence to treatment increases, indicating that more intervention programs are needed to improve the adherence of epilepsy patients.
Multi-sectoral implementation interface framework (MIIF) to achieve the objective of tobacco-free Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Supehia Sakshi , Raina Sunil Kumar , Bajwa Harshvardhan Singh , Sharma Aishwarya , Kumar Dinesh , Chauhan Raman , Sharma Shailja
Published: October 2022

The limitations observed in achieving the goal of a tobacco-free Himachal Pradesh have necessitated the need to contextualize the existing policy directives in tobacco reduction. Our observation has been that despite having clearly defined policy guidelines and laws, the implementation may not have followed suit. An analysis of the gaps observed had led us to develop an implementation interface framework involving stakeholders from multiple sectors.
Global perspectives on trends in health higher education
Authors: Abbasi Abianeh Nooshin , Yazdani Shahram , Heydari Majid , Farmad Somaieh Akbari
Published: October 2022

Today, changes in political and economic conditions, epidemiological and sociological developments, and the advancement of science and technology have necessitated the health and medical education systems to change. Therefore, we conducted a study entitled “Global perspectives on trends in higher education in healthcare,” to improve the quality of healthcare so that it can be used as a model for predicting future events related to medical education. This futures study applied the social, technological, economical, ecological, political, values (STEEPV) model to identify and analyze the trends that affect medical education at different levels. To collect and analyze the data, a scoping review of the articles published from the year 2000 was conducted on the World Health Organization (WHO), Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Direct, Google Scholar, EBSCO, and Cochrane databases. The review process was performed in five stages: 1- Determining the research question, 2- Identifying relevant studies, 3- Selecting the studies, 4- Charting the data, and 5- Analyzing data. The preferred reporting item for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement was used in the selection and screening of articles. A total of 213 articles were included in the study for qualitative synthesis. A total of 154 trends were identified using the STEEPV model at seven levels of health behaviors and patients, diseases and health problems, healthcare system, medical education system, medical education institutions, medical curricula, and teaching and learning. Considering the results of this study, it is possible to formulate proper and efficient future scenarios for the higher health education system. Also, it will be helpful for medical education policymaking.
SPARSH electronic sub-health centers (e-SHCs) – A model of nurse-run SHCs supported by general practitioners through telemedicine
Authors: Roy Kallol , Dutt Bhavin , Patel Jeet M. , Raithatha Shyamsundar J.
Published: October 2022

Background:

The primary health care services in India suffer from inconsistent availability of providers, lack of quality, poor availability of medicines and diagnostics, and a poorly functioning referral linkage. A multi-pronged approach is required to address these issues.

Methods:

We describe here a model of electronic sub-health centers (e-SHCs) managed by trained nurses supported by a general practitioner over telemedicine. The e-SHCs are expected to meet two objectives – 1) to create a point of comprehensive primary health care delivery at an affordable cost and 2) to create a referral support system backed by information technology and physical movement.

Results:

The model is described in nine sections – service delivery framework, human resources, diagnostics, infrastructure, quality improvement, health management information system, materials management, financing, and branding. It is a video-based real-time (synchronous) health worker to the registered medical practitioner telemedicine facility. The model has been compared with five other telemedicine and five other tele-rehabilitation models.

Conclusion:

Although there are inherent challenges to operationalize this model, it also presents a unique opportunity of testing an innovative approach of providing quality primary health care at an affordable cost. The process will generate learnings for addressing the primary care health care delivery gaps in the country.
Effect on essential health services during COVID-19 at the Primary level in India
Authors: Ahmed Tarannum , Dumka Neha , Bhagat Deepak , Hannah Erin , Kotwal Atul
Published: October 2022

Background:

Coronavirus diesease (COVID-19) led to increased demand on the Indian health system due to the pandemic as well as other communicable and non-communicable diseases. Guidance was thus issued by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), India, in April 2020 to maintain the delivery of essential health services.

Objectives:

To determine the extent of disruptions of essential healthcare services, identify associated factors, and establish pertinent correlations to address specific needs.

Methods:

The Mother and child tracking facilitation centre (MCTFC) conducted a telephonic survey with the front-line workers (FLWs) and beneficiaries in 21 Indian states. The sample size was determined using the infinite population sample size formula, and respondents were selected through a computer-generated random sequence technique. Data were quantitatively analysed using STATA-16. Descriptive univariate analysis was conducted using the Chi-square test.

Findings:

The majority of the essential health services were being satisfactorily delivered by FLWs (N= 1596; accredited social health activist (ASHA) = 798, auxiliary nurse midwife (ANM) = 798), where most of the beneficiaries (N= 1410; Pregnant Women = 708, Postnatal Women = 702) continued accessing services with minor issues concerning referral transport. FLWs reported issues in the provisioning of medicines(P= 0.000)for patients with non-communicable diseases and more ANMs than ASHAs reported it. FLWs commonly experienced challenges in extending services due to community resistance and unavailability of general health services at healthcare facilities, where a greater number of ASHAs faced it (P= 0.000). Both FLWs and beneficiaries (N= 3006; FLWs = 1596, beneficiaries = 1410) demonstrated appropriate COVID-19 knowledge and behavior.

Conclusion:

Although overwhelmed, the Indian health system performed satisfactorily well during pandemic in terms of essential health services.
Body-mass index COVID-19 severity: A systematic review of systematic reviews
Authors: Nagar Manoj , Geevarughese Nikku Mathew , Mishra Rakesh , Joshi Ankur , Galwankar Sagar , Yunus Md , Bhoi Sanjeev , Sinha Tej P. , Agrawal Amit
Published: October 2022

Objectives:

Conflicting studies have resulted in several systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the relationship between COVID-19 and body mass index (BMI).

Methods:

This systematic review of systematic reviews followed an umbrella review design, and preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines; Medical literature analysis and retrieval system online (MEDLINE) and SCOPUS databases were searched for systematic reviews on the topic. A predefined screening and selection procedure was done for the retrieved results based on the population, intervention/interest, comparator, outcome, study (PICOS) framework.

Results:

The search strategy yielded 6334 citations. With the predefined selection and screening process, 23 systematic reviews were retrieved for inclusion in the present study. Twenty-three (n = 23) systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria. As expected, there was overlap across the reviews in the included primary studies. Available evidence suggests that Class III obesity (morbid obesity) is strongly associated with increased mortality risk in patients with Covid-19. It is difficult to draw a firm conclusion about Class I and Class II obesity due to conflicting outcomes of metanalyses. Increased obesity was consistently associated with increased risk of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in all the reviews with low to moderate heterogeneity.

Conclusions:

Available evidence suggests that Class III obesity (morbid obesity) is strongly associated with increased mortality risk in patients with Covid-19. Increased BMI is positively associated with the risk of IMV and the severity of COVID- care.
Churg-Strauss syndrome: A case report
Authors: Mert Alpaslan
Published: October 2022

Churg-Strauss syndrome is a rare disease with systemic vasculitis and hypereosinophilia. It is accompanied by allergic rhinitis and asthma. Herein, we present a case of Churg-Strauss syndrome in a family medicine outpatient clinic. This report aimed to emphasize that if patients diagnosed with asthma have cough and/or hemoptysis that cannot be controlled despite interventions such as inhalation, corticosteroid therapy, montelukast treatment, and anti-histamine therapy, vasculitic diseases involving the lung may be considered.
Knowledge of Alzheimer’s disease among the healthcare staff in a medical college hospital of India
Authors: Singh Jassimran , Agrawal Aditi , Kumari Sarita , Tomar Shubham , Karn Anukul , Singh Anup
Published: October 2022

Background:

With increasing numbers of people crossing the age threshold of 65 years, there is a strong likelihood that the cases of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cases will increase manifold in the upcoming decades. It is essential for the healthcare professionals to have a reasonable background knowledge about this neurodegenerative condition. This study was done to assess the level of knowledge of AD among the healthcare staff appointed at a tertiary care hospital.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional survey study was done in a tertiary care hospital with healthcare workers. The knowledge level of AD was investigated using Alzheimer’s Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS) while a self-assessment scale was used by the participants to rate their own knowledge about the disease. The extent of background knowledge was then statistically evaluated on the basis of multiple subject-oriented factors. The impact of any prior dementia-specific training was also assessed. Data were analyzed by using SPSS-23 where P value < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:

Out of a total of 124 participants recruited during the study period, the average score on the ADKS scale was 19.2 ± 3.1. Self-rated Alzheimer’s scale depicted a mean value of 4.89 ± 1.7. The participants having a positive family history and personal/professional caring experience for AD did not obtain any remarkably better score. The doctors were more likely to score better than nurses and other healthcare staff (p < 0.001). Moreover, dementia-related training had a significantly better outcome in terms of promoting the knowledge base of AD (p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

There is a below-par knowledge of Alzheimer’s dementia among the healthcare staff of the hospital. The staff of the hospital realizes this shortcoming, and there is a need for dementia-specific training to overcome this knowledge gap.
Primary screening of cervical cancer by Pap smear in women of reproductive age group
Authors: Mishra Ruchi , Bisht Dakshina , Gupta Manisha
Published: October 2022

Introduction:

Cancer cervix is a major health problem responsible for causing a higher mortality rate in women worldwide; the exponential increase in such cases can be reduced by early screening of women. The cytology-based cervical screening had a higher success rate in reducing the incidence of cervical cancer. The present study aimed to evaluate the use of Pap smear screening to find cytological abnormalities and precancerous lesions.

Materials and Methods:

Sexually active women over 21 years of age were enrolled for the study. A detailed history was taken on the preformed proforma, and all were subjected to vaginal examination. Samples for Pap smear were taken with the help of Ayre spatula and immediately spread over a marked grease-free glass slide and dipped into 95% ethyl alcohol fixative for cytological examination.

Results:

Most of the abnormality of the epithelial cells found was in the age range of 31–50 years, and most of them were multiparous. 47.92% of the women had a chief complaint of vaginal discharge, an irregular menstrual cycle in 11.07%, and abdominal pain in 7.83%, while 30.41% were asymptomatic. Women found negative for intraepithelial neoplasia were 82.94%, while 13.36% had an inflammatory smear. 0.92% atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), 2.78% Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) were found, no woman had High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL).

Conclusion:

Pap smear is a simple, cost-effective, non-invasive, and easy to perform tool for early detection of precancerous lesions, and it is evident that every woman above the age of 25–30 years must be recommended for cervical screening.
Ocular adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines: A systematic review
Authors: Kumari Shalini , Anand Raj , Sambyal Bhumika , Singh Yudhyavir , Rangappa Pradeep , Jha Simant Kumar
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the development and rollout of several vaccines worldwide at unprecedented pace. This systematic review of published literature has been undertaken to spread awareness among general physicians and ophthalmologists about the various reported adverse effects in the eye following COVID-19 vaccination. A systematic search was performed on 25 January 2022 through PuBMed, Medline and Google scholar for publications on ocular adverse effects after COVID-19 vaccination. One brief communication, four retrospective case series, sixteen case reports, and five letters to editors were included. Ocular manifestations most commonly appear in the uvea and retina. Other manifestations are seen on the eyelid, cornea and ocular surface, and in cranial nerves innervating the eye. The incidence rate of these manifestations is quite low after COVID-19 vaccinations. Our systematic review meticulously enumerates various adverse effects of COVID -19 vaccine on the eye. Most of these adverse effects are transient and observed to resolve without any sequelae except for cases of retinal and ophthalmic vascular occlusions and corneal graft rejections. An emphasis on close follow-up and a need to delay vaccination and modified therapy to control flare up of signs and symptoms in certain sub-populations, Graves’ disease (autoimmune etiology), pre-existing uveal inflammation and corneal graft cases are warranted. We need long-term, larger, multicentric studies to substantiate our findings and establish the causal relationship with certainty. Mass vaccinations to curb this pandemic after outweighing the ocular risks associated with it is warranted.
Morbidity and mortality pattern of COVID-19 patients and its associated risk factors: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Keisam Avinash , Kulabidhu Heisnam , Singh Takhellambam B. , Devi Laishram B. , Akham Ngamba
Published: October 2022

Background:

Early identification of patients with poor prognosis may facilitate the provision of proper supportive treatment in advance and reduce mortality due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The present study estimates the recovery and mortality rates among in-house COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary care center and also determines any association between mortality and variables of interest.

Methods and Material:

This cross-sectional study was conducted in June to December 2021 among the COVID-19 patients admitted to the hospital based on their case sheets. A sample size of 1500 was calculated which was obtained by simple random sampling. Descriptive statistics were generated. Association between mortality and other variables was tested by using bivariate logistic regression and multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results:

The overall recovery rate was 80.1%. Vaccination status was significantly associated with mortality, with the AOR (95% CI) of getting both vaccine doses and a single dose being 0.18 (0.05-0.70) and 0.28 (0.15-0.55), respectively, when compared to the unvaccinated group. Also, patients who sought admission on their own were found to be having more chances of recovery compared to those who were referred from other health facilities. The risk of dying was found to be increased nearly 5-fold among those who used Non-Rebreathing machines. The use of Non-Invasive ventilation and Bain Circuit was significantly associated with a bad prognosis. None on the mechanical ventilation survived.

Conclusions:

The mortality rate of COVID-19 patients admitted to the tertiary care hospital was found to be one-fifth and the ICU-specific mortality rate was 83.6% while other factors like age and gender were not found to be associated with mortality. Among comorbidities, only liver diseases were found to be a significant determinant of mortality. Finally, patients who needed more flow rate of oxygen had a significant association with mortality.
The potential of digitalization in the field of effective dispute resolution and reduction of conflict in the business environment
Authors: Зайцева Л.И. , Созонов Т.И.
Published: October 2022

В статье проведен анализ эффективности применения цифровых технологий в области разрешения споров с целью снижения конфликтности в деловой среде как неотъемлемого условия преодоления кризисных явлений. Авторами обосновывается необходимость разработки и применения инструментария цифровой трансформации, который будет способствовать снижению степени эскалации противоречий в деятельности хозяйствующих субъектов. В качестве таких инструментов предлагается использовать технологии информационного моделирования, создание онлайн-платформ для разрешения споров и развитие машиночитаемого права.

The article analyzes the effectiveness of the use of digital technologies in the field of dispute resolution in order to reduce conflict in the business environment as an essential condition for overcoming crisis phenomena. The authors substantiate the need to develop and apply digital transformation tools that will help reduce the degree of escalation of contradictions in the activities of business entities. As such tools, it is proposed to use information modeling technologies, the creation of online platforms for resolving disputes and the development of machine-readable law.
Information technology in the judiciary of the People's Republic of China
Authors: Куделина Т.А.
Published: October 2022

В статье рассматриваются вопросы применения цифровых технологий в судах Китая, существенно изменяющего подходы к разрешению споров, повышающего гарантии судебной защиты прав граждан и юридических лиц, уменьшающего судебную нагрузку и повышающего эффективность использования судебных ресурсов. Автор исследует современный опыт Китайской Народной Республики по внедрению информационных технологий в судопроизводство, использованию судебных и посреднических онлайн-платформ КНР.

The article deals with the use of digital technologies in the courts of China, which significantly changes approaches to dispute resolution, increases the guarantees of judicial protection of the rights of citizens and legal entities, reduces the judicial burden and increases the efficiency of the use of judicial resources. The author explores the modern experience of the People's Republic of China in the implementation of information technologies in legal proceedings, the use of judicial and mediation online platforms of the PRC.
Digital Technologies in Tax Disputes as a Mechanism for Balancing Public and Private Interests
Authors: Щекин Д.М.
Published: October 2022

СТАТЬЯ ПОСВЯЩЕНА ВОПРОСАМ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ В ОБЛАСТИ РАЗРЕШЕНИЯ НАЛОГОВЫХ СПОРОВ. ОЦЕНИВАЕТСЯ ВЛИЯНИЕ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ НА ДОСТИЖЕНИЕ БАЛАНСА ПУБЛИЧНЫХ И ЧАСТНЫХ ИНТЕРЕСОВ В НАЛОГОВОМ ПРАВЕ. АВТОР ПРИХОДИТ К ВЫВОДУ, ЧТО ОДНИМ ИЗ ЭФФЕКТИВНЫХ МЕХАНИЗМОВ СНИЖЕНИЯ ПРОФИСКАЛЬНОГО УКЛОНА В ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ НАЛОГОВЫХ ОРГАНОВ МОЖЕТ СТАТЬ РАСШИРЕНИЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ЦИФРОВЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В НАЛОГОВОМ АДМИНИСТРИРОВАНИИ. МИНИМИЗАЦИЯ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО ФАКТОРА СПОСОБНА УВЕЛИЧИТЬ ОБЪЕКТИВНОСТЬ ПРАВОПРИМЕНЕНИЯ И СОКРАТИТЬ ЧИСЛО НАЛОГОВЫХ СПОРОВ. ЧТО КАСАЕТСЯ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ЦИФРОВЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ ПРИ РАЗРЕШЕНИИ СПОРОВ В СУДАХ, ТО СЛЕДУЕТ ОЖИДАТЬ ПОЯВЛЕНИЯ В БУДУЩЕМ ЦИФРОВОГО АЛГОРИТМА НА БАЗЕ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА, КОТОРЫЙ БУДЕТ ДАВАТЬ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ СУДЬЕ ПО РАЗРЕШЕНИЮ ДЕЛА НА ОСНОВЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ МАШИНОЧИТАЕМОГО ПРАВА И С УЧЕТОМ ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВ ДЕЛА, НОРМ ДЕЙСТВУЮЩЕГО ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА И АНАЛИЗА СУДЕБНОЙ ПРАКТИКИ. ПРИ ЭТОМ ЦИФРОВЫЕ АЛГОРИТМЫ НЕ СМОГУТ ЗАМЕНИТЬ СУДЬЮ ПРИ ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИИ ПРАВОСУДИЯ ПРИ РАЗРЕШЕНИИ НАЛОГОВЫХ СПОРОВ, А ОСТАНУТСЯ ЛИШЬ ВСПОМОГАТЕЛЬНЫМ ИНСТРУМЕНТОМ.

THE ARTICLE IS DEVOTED TO THE ISSUES OF DIGITALIZATION IN THE FIELD OF RESOLUTION OF TAX DISPUTES. THE IMPACT OF DIGITALIZATION ON THE BALANCE OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE INTERESTS IN TAX LAW IS ASSESSED. THE AUTHOR COMES TO THE CONCLUSION THAT ONE OF THE EFFECTIVE MECHANISMS TO REDUCE THE PRO-FISCAL INCENTIVE IN THE ACTIVITIES OF TAX AUTHORITIES CAN BE THE EXPANSION OF THE USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN TAX ADMINISTRATION. MINIMIZATION OF THE HUMAN FACTOR CAN INCREASE THE OBJECTIVENESS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND REDUCE THE NUMBER OF TAX DISPUTES. As for the use of digital technologies in resolving disputes in the courts, we should expect the appearance of a digital algorithm in the future of artificial intelligence, which will give recommendations to the judge for resolving the case based on the technology of machine -readable law and taking into account the circumstances of the case, the norms of the current legislation and analysis of judicial practice . THEREFORE, DIGITAL ALGORITHMS WILL NOT BE ABLE TO REPLACE A JUDGE IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF JUSTICE IN RESOLUTION OF TAX DISPUTES, AND WILL REMAIN ONLY A SUPPORTING TOOL.
EVIDÊNCIAS CIENTÍFICAS SOBRE A IMPORTÂNCIA DO LETRAMENTO EM SAÚDE NA OBTENÇÃO DO CONSENTIMENTO INFORMADO
Authors: De Freitas Filho Walter , Eleutério de Barros Lima Martins Andréa Maria , Alves de Carvalho Sampaio Helena , De Andrade Souto Cláudia , Souza Piber Ronaldo , Souza Barata Rosinete , Gonçalves Versiani Isadora , Ferreira de Oliveira Jéssica Fernanda , Eleutério dos Santos Neto Pedro , Alvimar Souza Antônio
Published: October 2022

Objetivo: Analisar as evidências científicas, visando identificar se o letramento em saúde éimportante no processo de obtenção do consentimento informado em pesquisas científicas.Método: Trata-se de revisão narrativa da literatura, com análise descritiva dos dados. Olevantamento bibliográfico foi realizado, em julho de 2022, na base de dados PubMed, por meioda estratégia de busca “Health Literacy” AND “Informed Consent”. Foram consideradas publicações dos últimos 10 anos nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português. Foram consideradaspublicações dos últimos 10 anos nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português. Resultados: Foramrecuperadas 676 publicações e dessas, após três etapas de seleção, foram incluídos seis estudos,publicados em inglês, em periódicos internacionais, com predomínio de estudos de intervenção.Os seis estudos incluídos foram publicados em revistas internacionais, no idioma inglês, entreos anos de 2013 e 2018. Quanto ao delineamento do estudo, predominaram os de intervenção,seguidos pelos observacionais. Todas as publicações abordavam intervenções que consideramo letramento no consentimento informado. Considerações Finais: As evidências científicasapontam para a importância do letramento em saúde no favorecimento da compreensão dopotencial participante sobre a pesquisa, bem como sobre os procedimentos a ela inerentes.Enfim, sugere-se que o letramento em saúde corrobora no processo de obtenção de umconsentimento informado crítico e consciente na pesquisa científica.
Curtailed Worship, Conspiracy Theories, and Hollywood Dystopias: Reactions to the COVID-19 Pandemic among the Reformist Muslims and Pentecostal Christians in Nigeria
Authors: Abubakar Dauda , Maigari Abdullahi Muhammad , Ibrahim Murtala , Ibrahim Arafat
Published: October 2022

COVID-19 has affected all spheres of human activities, including religion, in Nigeria. Due to its devastating effect, the state was compelled to introduce precautionary and preventive measures to reduce its spread in the country, including lockdown, ban on gatherings, and social distancing. This extraordinary situation caused different reactions among Muslim and Christian religious leaders, with some accepting COVID-19 and the restrictions and others rejecting them. This work focuses on the response to the pandemic by prominent reformist Muslim groups (the Izala and NASFAT) and two major Pentecostal Churches (Christ Embassy and Living Faith). As we show, despite many differences and even hostility between Muslims and Christians in Nigeria, Muslim and Christian leaders formulated similar responses to COVID-19. Namely, they either interpreted the pandemic in spiritual rather medical terms (as God’s punishment or the work of the devil) or rejected the very existence of the coronavirus and presented the pandemic as a Western conspiracy designed to stop Muslim and Christian religious activities in Nigeria.
Intervención educativa para el autocuidado de pacientes con preeclampsia, IMSS Tepic Nayarit
Authors: Vázquez Luz María Frias , Lizárraga Amparo López , Barragán Armida Medina , Fonseca Aimé Argüero , Ramírez Zaira Luz Orozco , Flores Gloria Cristina Brahms , Díaz Elizabeth Cristina Sánchez , Frias Jimena Maryluz Angel
Published: October 2022

Introducción: Se utilizó un diseño cuasiexperimental con un solo grupo, se estudiaron 22 pacientes con rango de edad entre 15 y 37 años, el objetivo fue evaluar la efectividad de la intervención educativa para el autocuidado de pacientes con preeclampsia. Los instrumentos empleados son pretest y el postest y la escala de autocuidado con el modelo de Dorotea Orem. Los resultados del pretest muestran que el 77 % de las pacientes estudiadas tienen un conocimiento regular sobre lo que deben manejar sobre autocuidado en la preeclampsia y un 23 % en la categoría de malos conocimientos. En el postest el 73 % de las pacientes en la escala de capacidades mostraron tener un buen nivel de conocimiento sobre autocuidado, con una media de 26.55, una desviación estándar de ± 2.58. Situación que nos permite reafirmar que la intervención educativa del profesional de salud en pacientes con preeclampsia potencializa significativamente el autocuidado, al considerar que tanto la X2 calculada fue mayor (ƥ=0.0001) que la teórica con ƥ ≤ a 0.05.
Arte e verdade no pensamento de Martin Heidegger; Art and truth in the thought of Martin Heidegger
Authors: Alves dos Santos Ribeiro Luan
Published: October 2022

Martin Heidegger buscou pensar, notoriamente, em A Origem da Obra de Arte (Der Ursprung des Kunstwerkes, 1936), a intrínseca e antes impensada relação entre o artístico e o advento da verdade do ser. O presente trabalho analisa algumas de suas reflexões sobre a supracitada temática de modo a esclarecer a significação originária do acontecimento propriamente dito da verdade em curso nas obras de arte. Para tal, primeiramente, aprofundaremos as localidades ali levantadas, a saber, o mundo (Welt) e a terra (Erde). Posteriormente, examinaremos a concepção do artista e do contemplador à luz da ontologia heideggeriana. Ainda depois, discutiremos os temas da linguagem (Sprache) originária e da poesia (Dichtung) para chegarmos, enfim, a um entendimento sobre a origem (Ursprung) da obra de arte segundo o pensador da Floresta Negra.
Abstract
Martin Heidegger thought notoriously in The Origin of the Work of Art (Der Ursprung des Kunstwerkes, 1936) about the intrinsic and, not yet thought, relationship between the artistic and the advent of the truth of being in this book. The present work analyses some of his reflections on the theme above to clarify the original meaning of the event itself and the truth in progress in the works of art. Accordingly, first, the paper delves into the structures raised there: the world (Welt) and the earth (Erde). Subsequently, it examines the artist's conception and the contemplator in light of Heidegger's ontology. Next, the work discusses the themes of the original language (Sprache) and poetry (Dichtung) to reach an understanding of the origin (Ursprung) of the work of art according to the Heidegger.
Evaluation of legal information services in the law libraries of federal universities in South-South, Nigeria
Authors: Owushi Emmanuel
Published: October 2022

This study evaluated the legal information services in law libraries in federal universities in South-South, Nigeria. The descriptive design was adopted in the study. It was guided by five objectives, from which five research questions and null hypotheses were developed. The population of the study was 3564 persons consisting of 133 lecturers, 3431 students and 20 librarians. The sample for the study was 713 persons comprising 133 lecturers, 560 students and 20 librarians. Structured questionnaire entitled: “Legal Information Services Evaluation Questionnaire (LISEQ)”. A total of 713 copies of the questionnaire were administered to respondents but 704 copies were retrieved, giving rate of 98.7%. The data collected were analysed using frequency counts, percentages, mean, standard deviation and real limit on numbers in order to answer research questions while Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed that legal information services available in the law libraries include general reference services (CAS), photocopying services, routing current periodicals etc. The study revealed legal information services that were effective to include photocopying services, routing of current periodicals etc., inadequate funding, scarcity/high cost of law books, gap in subscription of law reports etc., were problems discovered affecting law library services. It was concluded that the law library services understudied are moderately available which shows the need for improvement. It was recommended that adequate funding should be available to the law libraries to acquire books, law report, journals etc., recruitment of qualified law librarians for effective running of law libraries etc.
Implementation of PRIME-HRM Program Using Cloud-Based Technology
Authors: Manahan Jacob , Lacatan Luisito Lolong , Miguel Ana Romina
Published: October 2022

This paper exhibits how cloud based technology, with a focus on Human Resource Information System (HRIS), can be used to aid the Department of Health (DOH) implement the Program to Institutionalize Meritocracy and Excellence in Human Resource Management (PRIME-HRM) which has been in effect for government agencies in the Philippine since 2012. The objective of this study is to create a cloud based system of HRIS that could be used to improve the human resource process of the DOH and bring significant change to the traditional process currently used by the department. In order to do this, the agile methodology was used in which the requirements were carefully analyzed, the system was designed according to set criteria, selected the most feasible vendor, releasing the system, and next sprint. The product functions were also determined which are employee management, recruitment management appointment and classification, learning and development, and performance management along with the requirement specifications which are the functional and non-functional. The results of testing determined that the system operating as planned and the algorithms were able to produce the expected results. The research has concluded that it is feasible to create a cloud based HRIS that could help in the implementation of the PRIME-HRM.
PROBLEMATIKA SISWA SMK NURUL HUDA KAPONGAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN DARING (ONLINE) SELAMA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Nugraha Bayu Tirta , Dassucik Dassucik , Astindari Tri
Published: October 2022

The objectives to be achieved in this study are 1) To find out the implementation of online learning at SMK Nurul Huda Kapongan, Situbondo Regency for the 2020/2021 academic year. 2) To find out the problems or problems of online learning for students of SMK Nurul Huda Kapongan, Situbondo Regency for the 2020/2021 Academic Year. 3) To find out the efforts or solutions made to solve online learning problems at SMK Nurul Huda Kapongan, Situbondo Regency for the 2020/2021 Academic Year. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The technique used in this research is the technique of observation, interview, and documentation. Data analysis in this study includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Checking the validity of the data using triangulation of data sources and triangulation of methods. The results of this study conclude that (1) the implementation of online learning runs shorter, ie from 07:00 to 11:00 where there are two to three subjects every day; (2) In the online learning process students experience problems or obstacles, firstly the problem of quotas and internet networks, secondly some students do not have smartphones, thirdly the amount of material provided by the teacher, fourthly the lack of practicum, fifthly the lack of cooperation between parents and students, the six limitations of facilities and infrastructure. infrastructure; (3) The solution to solving problems experienced by students during online learning at SMK Nurul Huda Kapongan, Situbondo Regency is first, instructing students to study together at the location of the closest friends but not more than 3 people to overcome quota problems, internet networks and do not have smartphones, both teachers must evaluate and make learning more interesting so that students do not get bored quickly and are not too burdened with assignments, thirdly it is better for the school to facilitate students to be able to practice at face-to-face meetings, the four schools must establish good communication with people parents or guardians of students so that students become enthusiastic and motivated to learn, the five city governments can help so that institutions belonging to the remote village category can provide good internet access as well as a larger internet quota to support smooth online learning.