bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutritional Qualities and Valorization Trends of Vegetable and Fruit Byproducts: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Tsegay Zenebe Tadesse , Gebreegziabher Sarah Tewolde-Berhan , Mulaw Guesh
Published: October 2024

Vegetable and fruit byproducts are different parts of vegetables and fruits plus secondary products derived from primary agrofood production processes. With the increasing growth of global vegetable and fruit production, utilization of their byproducts for recovery of health benefit dietary nutrients required emphasis. The current food system and manufacturers are inadequate to maximize the existing food or plant resources’ public demand concurrently to minimize environmental pollution. Important sources of nutritional qualities of these byproducts and their valorization trends are getting research interests. In this review, we have summarized the nutritional qualities and their means of valorization of vegetable and fruit byproducts which have maximum global production from the FAO (2021) published data. The nutritional qualities of the main byproducts are highlighted and the current trends to valorize them into innovative health‐promoting products were assessed. Valorization investigations conducted on these byproducts into food additives (dietary fiber concentrates), nutraceuticals, edible food packaging materials, fermented beverages, and natural dyes were mainly focused on in this review. There are limitations in valorizing technologies of vegetable and fruit byproducts. Hence, further studies are vital to develop novel processing techniques for each of these byproducts. Benefiting from the food waste is a pearl of wisdom and ignoring the value can be participating in pollution.
Analysis of the Diffusion SIR Epidemic Model With Networked Delay and Nonlinear Incidence Rate
Authors: Tang Xiangyu , Chen Yujuan
Published: October 2024

This paper is concerned with the qualitative analysis of a diffusion SIR epidemic model with networked delay and nonlinear incidence rate. First, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the model by using the method of upper and lower solutions. Then, we prove that the trivial equilibrium (0, 0) is unstable; the disease‐free equilibrium (N, 0) is locally asymptotically stable if the reproduction number and unstable if ; the endemic equilibrium (S∗, I∗) is locally asymptotically stable if or if and ; and (S∗, I∗) is unstable if and . Moreover, when , we show that hopf bifurcation occurs at (S∗, I∗) and . Numerical results are provided for theoretical discoveries.
LDHD‐Net: A Lightweight Network With Double Branch Head for Feature Enhancement of UAV Targets in Complex Scenes
Authors: Zhang Cong , Gao Qi , Shi Rui , Yue Mingkai
Published: October 2024

The development of small UAV technology has led to the emergence of new challenges in UAV countermeasures. The timely detection of UAVs can effectively prevent potential infringements on airspace and privacy. Currently, methods based on deep learning demonstrate excellent performance in target detection. However, in complex scenes, there is a tendency for false alarms (FAs) and misdetections to occur at a higher rate. To solve these problems, we propose a lightweight infrared small target detection algorithm LDHD‐Net. First, we design a novel Ghost‐Shuffle module in the backbone network to enhance the network feature extraction capability. Meanwhile, we remove redundant layers from the network to make the backbone network more lightweight. Second, we design a hierarchical attention enhancement module in the neck network to improve the saliency of UAV targets and reduce background noise interference. In addition, we design a novel small target detection structure and prediction heads in the shallow layers of the network to improve small target detection accuracy. Finally, we design a novel attention dual‐branch head to reduce interference between different tasks and improve the real‐time performance of algorithm detection. The experimental results show that compared with the original model, inference time remains essentially the same, LDHD‐Net parameters are only 3.9 M and AP improves by 12.6%. Compared to SOTA methods, LDHD‐Net shows better performance on SIDD and Anti‐UAV410 datasets. The algorithm effectively improves the accuracy and real‐time detection of UAVs in complex scenes.
Figure S4 from A Precision Engineered Interleukin-2 for Bolstering CD8+ T- and NK-cell Activity without Eosinophilia and Vascular Leak Syndrome in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Ma Lina , Acuff Nicole V. , Joseph Ingrid B. , Ptacin Jerod L. , Caffaro Carolina E. , San Jose Kristine M. , Aerni Hans R. , Carrio Roberto , Byers Anthony M. , Herman Rob W. , Pavlova Yelena , Pena Michael J. , Chen David B. , Buetz Christen , Ismaili Taylor K. , Pham Helene V. , Cucchetti Margot , Sassoon Ingrid , Koriazova Lilia K. , Leveque Joseph A. , Shawver Laura K. , Mooney Jill M. , Milla Marcos E.
Published: October 2024

Figure S4
Figure S3 from A Precision Engineered Interleukin-2 for Bolstering CD8+ T- and NK-cell Activity without Eosinophilia and Vascular Leak Syndrome in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Ma Lina , Acuff Nicole V. , Joseph Ingrid B. , Ptacin Jerod L. , Caffaro Carolina E. , San Jose Kristine M. , Aerni Hans R. , Carrio Roberto , Byers Anthony M. , Herman Rob W. , Pavlova Yelena , Pena Michael J. , Chen David B. , Buetz Christen , Ismaili Taylor K. , Pham Helene V. , Cucchetti Margot , Sassoon Ingrid , Koriazova Lilia K. , Leveque Joseph A. , Shawver Laura K. , Mooney Jill M. , Milla Marcos E.
Published: October 2024

Figure S3
Figure S2 from A Precision Engineered Interleukin-2 for Bolstering CD8+ T- and NK-cell Activity without Eosinophilia and Vascular Leak Syndrome in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Ma Lina , Acuff Nicole V. , Joseph Ingrid B. , Ptacin Jerod L. , Caffaro Carolina E. , San Jose Kristine M. , Aerni Hans R. , Carrio Roberto , Byers Anthony M. , Herman Rob W. , Pavlova Yelena , Pena Michael J. , Chen David B. , Buetz Christen , Ismaili Taylor K. , Pham Helene V. , Cucchetti Margot , Sassoon Ingrid , Koriazova Lilia K. , Leveque Joseph A. , Shawver Laura K. , Mooney Jill M. , Milla Marcos E.
Published: October 2024

Figure S2
Figure S1 from A Precision Engineered Interleukin-2 for Bolstering CD8+ T- and NK-cell Activity without Eosinophilia and Vascular Leak Syndrome in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Ma Lina , Acuff Nicole V. , Joseph Ingrid B. , Ptacin Jerod L. , Caffaro Carolina E. , San Jose Kristine M. , Aerni Hans R. , Carrio Roberto , Byers Anthony M. , Herman Rob W. , Pavlova Yelena , Pena Michael J. , Chen David B. , Buetz Christen , Ismaili Taylor K. , Pham Helene V. , Cucchetti Margot , Sassoon Ingrid , Koriazova Lilia K. , Leveque Joseph A. , Shawver Laura K. , Mooney Jill M. , Milla Marcos E.
Published: October 2024

Figure S1
Figure 6 from A Precision Engineered Interleukin-2 for Bolstering CD8+ T- and NK-cell Activity without Eosinophilia and Vascular Leak Syndrome in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Ma Lina , Acuff Nicole V. , Joseph Ingrid B. , Ptacin Jerod L. , Caffaro Carolina E. , San Jose Kristine M. , Aerni Hans R. , Carrio Roberto , Byers Anthony M. , Herman Rob W. , Pavlova Yelena , Pena Michael J. , Chen David B. , Buetz Christen , Ismaili Taylor K. , Pham Helene V. , Cucchetti Margot , Sassoon Ingrid , Koriazova Lilia K. , Leveque Joseph A. , Shawver Laura K. , Mooney Jill M. , Milla Marcos E.
Published: October 2024

SAR’245 promotes activation of exhausted CD8 T cells. A, CD8 T cells were cocultured with peptide (pool) pulsed dendritic cells for 12 days. Freshly pulsed dendritic cells (DC) were added every 4 days to drive exhaustion. Cells were then labeled with CFSE and incubated with fresh peptide-pulsed DC in the presence of 10 μg/mL rhIL-21, 10 μg/mL rhIL-2, a titration of SAR’245 or peptide-pulsed DC alone (no treatment) for an additional 7 days. B, Representative CFSE plots; C, average proliferation; and D, cytokine secretion on day 19 of culture are shown. E, Representative histogram plots of PD-1, TIM-3, and LAG-3 expression by tetramer-specific CD8 T cells 12 days after no stimulation or repeated peptide stimulation. Number indicates MFI. F, MFI of PD-1, LAG-3, TIM-3, and TIGIT of exhausted CD8 T cells after 7 days treatment with SAR’245. N = 12 donors. Data are shown as average ± SEM. G, Percentage of exhausted CD8+ T cells expressing 0–4 markers of exhaustion (PD-1, LAG-3, TIM-3, and TIGIT) after 7 days treatment with rhIL-21, rhIL-2, or SAR’245 at 10 mg/mL. N = 12 donors. Significance was calculated by two-way ANOVA. CFSE, carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester; DC, dendritic cell; Ig, immunoglobulin; ITIM, immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif; LAG-3, lymphocyte-activation gene 3; MFI, median fluorescence intensity; PD-1, programmed cell-death protein 1; rhIL, recombinant human interleukin; TIGIT, T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains; TIM-3, T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3.
Keratoderma-Like T-Cell Dyscrasia: A Case Report
Authors: Shadid Asem , Al Haddad Sukaina , Alharithy Rua’a , Al-Zaid Tariq J.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Cutaneous T-cell dyscrasia (CTCD) encompasses a heterogeneous group of T-cell infiltrates, often clonal and epitheliotropic. While the etiology remains unclear, certain medications, including statins, have been linked to cutaneous T-cell lymphocytic infiltrate development. Case Description: A patient presented with a pruritic, scaly eruption on her palms and soles unresponsive to topical steroids for 1 month. Histopathological examination revealed compact orthokeratosis, mild lymphocytic infiltrate with focal exocytosis, and atypical lymphocytes. Immunophenotyping demonstrated a predominance of CD3+ T cells with a 1:1 CD4/CD8 ratio and reduced CD7 expression. The clinical presentation, histopathology, and immunophenotype supported a diagnosis of statin-induced CTCD. Conclusion: Statin discontinuation led to complete symptom resolution, emphasizing the reversibility of drug-induced T-cell dyscrasia. This case highlights the importance of a detailed medication history as drug-induced T-cell dyscrasia, unlike classic CTCD with its characteristic lymphoid atypia, phenotypic abnormalities, and clonality leading to a refractory course, can be reversed by drug withdrawal.
Effect of Selected Crystalloid and Colloid Solutions on Coagulation Status Evaluated by Rotational Thromboelastometry and Platelet Function Analyser: An in vitro Study
Authors: Jonas Jakub , Durila Miroslav , Vymazal Tomas
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Crystalloid and colloid solutions commonly used in intensive and perioperative care can affect haemocoagulation status. This in vitro study assessed the impact of Plasma-Lyte, albunorm 5%, and Gelaspan 4% solutions on primary and secondary haemostasis using rotational thromboelastometry and platelet function analyser. Methods: In this prospective study, we examined blood samples from 20 healthy volunteers using rotational thromboelastometry and platelet function analyser. Simultaneously, we analysed the blood samples subjected to 10% dilution using Plasma-Lyte, albunorm 5%, and Gelaspan 4% solutions. Results: Compared to controls, Plasma-Lyte shortened EXTEM-CT (p = 0.005) and reduced FIBTEM-MCF (p = 0.017). albunorm 5% prolonged EXTEM-CFT (p = 0.001), decreased EXTEM-alpha (p < 0.001) and MCF in EXTEM, INTEM, and FIBTEM tests (p < 0.001, p = 0.038, p = 0.001, respectively), along with MCE in the PLTEM test (p < 0.001). Gelaspan 4% also prolonged EXTEM-CFT (p < 0.001), decreased EXTEM-alpha (p < 0.001) and MCF in EXTEM, INTEM, and FIBTEM tests (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.009, respectively), along with MCE in the PLTEM test (p < 0.001). Gelaspan 4% also reduced EXTEM-CT (p = 0.021). All solution prolonged CT in PFA Col/ADP (p = 0.003 for Plasma-Lyte, p < 0.001 for albunorm and Gelaspan) and albunorm 5% also prolonged CT in Col/Epi (p = 0.003). Conclusion: Plasma-Lyte had the least effect on secondary haemostasis, whereas albunorm 5% had the least effect among colloids. Gelaspan 4% adversely affected the propagation phase of coagulation, maximal strength and elasticity of the coagulum, and the level of functional fibrinogen. All solutions adversely affected platelet function in primary haemostasis, with Plasma-Lyte showing the least effect.
A Case of Conjunctival Melanoma Presenting as a Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Menna Feliciana , Tschopp Markus , Meyer Peter , Papazoglou Anthia
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Conjunctival melanoma (CM) is a rare but potentially lethal ocular malignancy that arises from melanocytes in the conjunctiva. Its clinical presentation can mimic other more common conjunctival lesions, such as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), leading to diagnostic challenges. Case Presentation: We present a case of CM initially misdiagnosed as conjunctival SCC due to overlapping clinical features. Conclusion: CM presenting as nonpigmented, conjunctival tumor is a diagnostic challenge. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for conjunctival melanocytic or amelanotic lesions, particularly those with atypical features.
A Case Series Suggests Peaking Transimpedance as a Possible Marker for Scalar Dislocations in Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Kopsch Anna C. , Wagner Luise , Plontke Stefan K. , Kösling Sabrina
Published: October 2024

Introduction: During postoperative implant control, we observed extraordinary peaks in transimpedance measurements. While searching for a possible reason, it appeared that they might correlate with scalar dislocations. Methods: In this retrospective case series, six adult CI patients who underwent transimpedance measurements and postoperative imaging were analyzed. Intra- and postoperative transimpedance measurements were visual inspected. The intracochlear position of electrodes was radiologically identified. Results: From 6 patients with transimpedance matrices showing an extraordinary peak in the off-diagonal area, five electrode arrays showed no correct scalar localization in the scala tympani, and one had a correct scalar localization in the scala tympani. Conclusions: A peaking transimpedance might be a marker for scalar dislocation in CIs.
Implementation of Machine Learning Algorithms to Screen for Advanced Liver Fibrosis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: An In-Depth Explanatory Analysis
Authors: Dabbah Shoham , Mishani Itamar , Davidov Yana , Ben Ari Ziv
Published: October 2024

Introduction: This study aimed to train machine learning algorithms (MLAs) to detect advanced fibrosis (AF) in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) patients at the level of primary care setting and to explain the predictions to ensure responsible use by clinicians. Methods: Readily available features of 618 MASLD patients followed up at a tertiary center were used to train five MLAs. AF was defined as liver stiffness ≥9.3 kPa, measured via 2-dimension shear wave elastography (n = 495) or liver biopsy ≥F3 (n = 123). MLAs were compared to Fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) fibrosis score (NFS) on 540 MASLD patients from the primary care setting as validation. Feature importance, partial dependence, and shapely additive explanations (SHAPs) were utilized for explanation. Results: Extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) achieved an AUC = 0.91, outperforming FIB-4 (AUC = 0.78) and NFS (AUC = 0.81, both p < 0.05) with specificity = 76% versus 59% and 48% for FIB-4 ≥1.3 and NFS ≥−1.45, respectively (p < 0.05). Its sensitivity (91%) was superior to FIB-4 (79%). XGBoost confidently excluded AF (negative predictive value = 99%) with the highest positive predictive value (31%), superior to FIB-4 and NFS (all p < 0.05). The most important features were HbA1c and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) with a steep increase in AF probability at HbA1c >6.5%. The strongest interaction was between AST and age. XGBoost, but not logistic regression, extracted informative patterns from ALT, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.001). One-quarter of the false positives (FPs) were correctly reclassified with only one additional false negative based on the SHAP values of GGT, platelets, and ALT which were found to be associated with a FP classification. Conclusions: An explainable XGBoost algorithm was demonstrated superior to FIB-4 and NFS for screening of AF in MASLD patients at the primary care setting. The algorithm also proved safe for use as clinicians can understand the predictions and flag FP classifications.
Mandalas as a Source of Self-Expression
Authors: Miłek Katarzyna , İPEK Jale , Breś Anna
Published: October 2024

The article is a presentation of the meaning and characteristics of mandalas that derive from Sanskrit symbolism. The Kabbalistic overtones of their compositions intrigued early psychoanalysts. They have been assimilated to treat and calm patients suffering from neurosis, psychosis, depression. They were seen as expressive, diagnostic and therapeutic. The article presents different views on the values and effects of the use of mandalas in education, relaxation and therapy. Due to the lack of scientific premises for use, relaxation use is encouraged during rehabilitation, after-school and speech therapy classes. A substantive approach to the subject encourages the search for applications in education in various fields, but this requires undertaking scientific research and verification of applications. The article is an exhaustive analysis of the literature on the use of mandalas.
Stereotypes in Families: Parents’ Gender Characters and Youngsters’ Aspirations
Authors: Sierto Maricel E. , Navarro Ricky J.
Published: October 2024

The study’s main purpose is to determine the impact of parents’ beliefs and behavior to the professional aspirations of their children. The present study specifically pursued answers to the subsequent questions: (1) What is the status of gender stereotypes in families of students at Bulacan State University-Bustos Campus?; (2) What is the percentage of parents’ gender characters toward their children? And (3) What is the impact of parents’ beliefs and behavior in their children’s professional aspirations? This study used a descriptive study that used a questionnaire to collect relevant data. The results show that (1) Even though there are parents who decide about the career path of their children, there are parents who let their children decide about their professional aspirations; (2) The key influence on the development of gender stereotyping in early life is parents' conduct towards their offspring, which is the primary influence on the development of gender role stereotyping in early life. The socialization process of children is influenced by parents providing a helpful setting within the family for them to engage in face-to-face interactions with their children; and (3) It is essential for a child to make this decision themselves. Choosing a profession helps kids become more independent. Children who are given the opportunity to make a decision that will affect their future will become more confident and reliant on themselves.
Factors Affecting the Level of Exhaustion among Public School Teachers in Catbalogan City
Authors: Aler Eleanor A.
Published: October 2024

Teachers' exhaustion is a prevalent issue that affects their well-being and job performance. It is crucial for educational institutions and policymakers to address these factors and implement strategies to support and prioritize the well-being of teachers. Teaching is a demanding profession that requires high levels of energy and commitment. The study aimed to assess the factors affecting the level of exhaustion of single and married teachers in public schools in Catbalogan City Division. This study utilized a descriptive-correlational research design. Accordingly, "Financial Background”, and "Financial Components” ranked 1st, and 2nd among 7 factors affecting exhaustions to teacher-respondents, thus, the Composite Mean= 3.65 with descriptive interpretation of “Agree.” Further, there was a low positive association between Civil Status, and Years of Teaching; and Level of Exhaustion. Moreover, there was no significant correlation between Civil Status and Level of Exhaustion. The findings suggest a complex interplay between civil status, years of teaching, and levels of exhaustion among educators. While years of teaching experience shows a low positive association with exhaustion, civil status alone does not significantly correlate with exhaustion levels. Future research could further explore the specific contextual factors in Catbalogan City and similar settings to better understand the dynamics of teacher exhaustion. Additionally, longitudinal studies could provide insights into how teachers' experiences of exhaustion evolve over time and the role of coping strategies in mitigating burnout.
Adherence to Pediatric Screening
Authors: Gauen Abigail M. , Wang Yaojie , Perak Amanda M. , Davis Matthew M. , Rosenman Marc , Lloyd‐Jones Donald M. , Zmora Rachel , Allen Norrina B. , Petito Lucia C.
Published: October 2024

Background

Preventive screenings in children encourage maintenance of optimal cardiovascular health, but gaps may exist between recommendations and clinical practice. We evaluated adherence to pediatric guidelines for universal age‐based and risk‐based screening for body mass index, blood pressure, lipids, and blood glucose.

Methods and Results

We used 2010 to 2018 ambulatory visit data from children aged 2 to 12 years within CAPRICORN (Chicago Area Patient‐Centered Outcomes Research Network), an electronic health record network in Chicago. This study included 87 549 children who attended 197 559 well‐child encounters. Across all encounters, children were 51.5% male and mean (SD) age 6.4 (3.3) years. For each child who attended a well‐child visit and met age and/or risk‐based criteria, receipt of body mass index, blood pressure, lipids, and/or hemoglobin A1c or fasting blood glucose measurements were assessed. We used generalized estimating equations to calculate proportion adherence for each metric overall and stratified by age, sex, race and ethnicity, and insurance status. Universal age‐based screening prevalence (95% CI) per 100 eligible visits was 77.1 (76.8–77.3) for body mass index, 33.4 (33.1–33.7) for blood pressure, and 9.6 (9.3–9.9) for lipids. Risk‐based screening prevalence (95% CI) per 100 eligible visits was 13.9 (12.2–15.9) for blood pressure, 6.9 (6.4–7.5) for lipids, and 13.3 (12.6–14.1) for blood glucose.

Conclusions

Early screening of cardiovascular health risk factors could lead to earlier interventions, which could alter cardiovascular health trajectories across the lifetime. Low‐to‐moderate levels of adherence to universal age‐based and risk‐based cardiovascular health screening highlight the gap between recommendations and clinical practice, emphasizing the need to understand and address barriers to screening in pediatric populations.
Specific Morphology of Coronary Artery Aneurysms in Mainly White Patients With Kawasaki Disease: Initial Data From the Cardiac Catheterization in Kawasaki Disease Registry
Authors: Weisser Julia , Arnold Leonie , Wällisch Wolfgang , Quandt Daniel , Opgen‐Rhein Bernd , Riede Frank‐Thomas , Gräfe Florentine , Michel Jörg , Arnold Raoul , Schneider Heike , Tanase Daniel , Herberg Ulrike , Happel Christoph , Tietje Mali , Tarusinov Gleb , Grohmann Jochen , Hummel Johanna , Rudolph André , Haas Nikolaus , Jakob André
Published: October 2024

Background

Patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) with coronary artery involvement require long‐term cardiac care. Although respective evidence‐based recommendations are missing, cardiac catheterization is still considered the gold standard for diagnosing detailed coronary pathology. Therefore, to better understand coronary artery pathology development, we conducted a survey to document and evaluate cardiac catheterization data in a European population.

Methods and Results

We retrospectively analyzed cardiac catheterization data from KD children from the year 2010 until April 2023. This registry covers basic acute‐phase clinical data, and more importantly, detailed information on morphology, distribution, and the development of coronary artery pathologies. A total of 164 mainly White patients (65% boys) were included. A relevant number of patients had no coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) at the cardiac catheterization, indicating that distal CAAs were almost exclusively detected alongside proximal CAAs. Patients with multiple CAAs revealed a significant positive correlation between the number of CAAs and their dimensions in diameter and in length. Location of the CAA within the coronary artery, age at onset of KD, or natal sex did not significantly influence CAA diameters, but CAAs were longer in older children and in boys.

Conclusions

That distal CAAs were only present together with proximal ones will hopefully reduce diagnostic CCs in patients with KD without echocardiographically detected proximal CAAs. Furthermore, this study gives valuable insights into dimensional specifics of CAAs in patients with KD. As an ongoing registry, future analyses will further explore long‐term outcomes and performed treatments, helping to refine clinical long‐term strategies for patients with KD.

REGISTRATION

URL:
https://drks.de/
; Unique Identifier: DRKS00031022.
Bayesian Model Projecting Cardiovascular Disease Related Mortality Trends in the United States
Authors: Deo Salil V. , Al‐Kindi Sadeer , Salerno Pedro R. V. O. , Cotton Antoinette , Elgudin Yakov , Virani Salim S. , Nasir Khurram , Petrie Mark C. , Sattar Naveed , Rajagopalan Sanjay
Published: October 2024

Background

As future cardiovascular disease mortality trends have public health implications, we aimed to project ischemic heart disease (IHD), cerebrovascular disease (CeVD), and heart failure (HF) mortality rates for adults (40–79 years).

Methods and Results

In this population‐level study, we linked the yearly mortality rates (per 100 000 US residents) (2000–2019) with IHD, CeVD, or HF as the primary cause of death from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide‐Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research with the midyear US population estimates (2000–2035) for adults (40–79 years). We calculated the observed age‐standardized mortality rates (2000–2019) (per 100 000 residents) (aSMR) and fitted Bayesian age‐period‐cohort models to project aSMR for IHD, CeVD, and HF up to 2035 in the United States. Between 2019 (last year of observed data) and 2035 (last year of projected results), the US population (40–79 years) will increase by 16% and age. The IHD aSMR will reduce from 111.9 (in 2019) to 81.8 (66.7–96.9) in 2035, an effect observed for all age groups. The CeVD aSMR will remain comparable between 2019 (37.4) and 2035 (38.6 [30.7–46.5]). The HF aSMR will increase from 16.5 in 2019 to reach 30.9 (13–48.8) in 2035; such increases were observed in all age groups.

Conclusions

In the United States, between 2020 and 2035, the aSMR for IHD is expected to decrease, for CeVD will remain stable, and for HF will increase substantially. These data can inform resource allocation for future public health initiatives.
Procedural Volume and Outcomes After Septal Reduction Therapies in Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Patel Nirav , Shetty Naman S. , Gaonkar Mokshad , Shahid Abdulla , Divekar Girija P. , Pampana Akhil , Vekariya Nehal , Li Peng , Ahmed Mustafa I. , Arora Garima , Arora Pankaj
Published: October 2024

Background

Septal myectomy and alcohol septal ablation (ASA) are septal reduction therapies for patients with symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Operator and hospital volume may influence outcomes, but contemporary data on this relationship are limited.

Methods and Results

This retrospective cohort study used data from the Vizient Clinical Data Base (2016–2022). Patients with undergoing septal myectomy and ASA were identified using
International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification
(
ICD‐10‐CM
) codes and stratified into low‐, medium‐, and high‐volume groups based on annualized operator and hospital volumes. The outcomes were 30‐day in‐hospital mortality and 90‐day readmission, analyzed using multivariable adjusted logistic and Cox models. Among 5725 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (3990 septal myectomy; 1735 ASA), most operators and hospitals performed <10 procedures annually. For septal myectomy, low‐volume operators were associated with higher odds of 30‐day mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.86 [95% CI, 1.11–3.15]) and greater risk for 90‐day readmission (aOR, 1.51 [95% CI, 1.22–1.88]), and medium‐volume operators had higher odds of 30‐day mortality (aOR, 1.93 [95% CI, 1.05–3.55]). Medium‐volume hospitals had higher 30‐day mortality (aOR, 2.29 [95% CI, 1.32–3.99]), with low‐volume hospitals showing greater risk for 90‐day readmission (aOR, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.14–2.23]). For ASA, low‐ and medium‐volume operators had increased 30‐day mortality (aOR, 2.99 [95% CI, 1.15–7.75] and aOR, 3.86 [95% CI, 1.30–11.46]), but the risk of 90‐day readmission was similar. Hospital volumes did not significantly impact outcomes for ASA.

Conclusions

Low operator and hospital volumes were associated with worse outcomes for septal reduction therapies, emphasizing the need to refer patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to high‐volume centers with experienced operators.
Dynamic functional connectivity: Why the controversy?
Authors: Vidaurre Diego
Published: October 2024

In principle, dynamic functional connectivity in fMRI is just a statistical measure. A passer-by might think it to be a specialist topic, but it continues to attract widespread attention and spark controversy. Why?
Challenges in the measurement and interpretation of dynamic functional connectivity
Authors: Laumann Timothy O. , Snyder Abraham Z. , Gratton Caterina
Published: October 2024

In functional MRI (fMRI), dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) typically refers to fluctuations in measured functional connectivity on a time scale of seconds. This perspective piece focuses on challenges in the measurement and interpretation of functional connectivity dynamics. Sampling error, physiological artifacts, arousal level, and task state all contribute to variability in observed functional connectivity. In our view, the central challenge in the interpretation of functional connectivity dynamics is distinguishing between these sources of variability. We believe that applications of functional connectivity dynamics to track spontaneous cognition or as a biomarker of neuropsychiatric conditions must contend with these statistical issues as well as interpretative complications. In this perspective, we include a systematic survey of the recent literature, in which sliding window analysis remains the dominant methodology (79%). We identify limitations with this approach and discuss strategies for improving the analysis and interpretation of sliding window dFC by considering the time scale of measurement and appropriate experimental controls. We also highlight avenues of investigation that could help the field to move forward.
Rethinking Mahjar Literature and the Arab Nahḍah: Jubrān’s Critical Intervention
Authors: Arslane Ghazouane
Published: October 2024

This paper foregrounds the ways in which Jubrān Khalīl Jubrān represents and addresses the project and concept of the Nahḍah. It demonstrates how the Arab renaissance is represented and engaged in Jubrān’s work as a polyvocal and contested space in which the particular and the universal dialectically and creatively intersect. Equally, it argues that a constant emphasis on individual and collective moral autonomy (al-istiqlāl al-maʿnawī) undergirds Jubrān’s Nahḍawī vision. Serving as the premise of creative aesthetic production, moral autonomy transforms the role of the poet from a crafter (ṣāniʿ) into a creator of a new mode of thinking/being in the world. It also functions as the sine qua non of original national and civilizational awakening, which is conceived of beyond traditionalism and westernization. This Nahḍawī engagement at once underlies and straddles poetics and politics, forcing us to re-evaluate Jubran’s role as a renaissance intellectual within and beyond the frameworks of literary Romanticism and postcolonialism.
Biology, morphometric and integrative taxonomy of litchi fruit borer, Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley, 1986: A major pest of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)
Authors: Pasam Maheswara Reddy , Longchar Imtinaro , Choudhary Jaipal S. , Maiti Chandan S. , Devi Hijam Shila , Neog Pankaj , Banik Susanta
Published: October 2024

Conopomorpha sinensis (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), commonly known as the litchi fruit borer, is a devastating pest of litchi, leading to substantial economic losses in fruit production. The present study was incepted to supplement updated information on biology, morphometrics, integrative taxonomy, and phylogenetic analysis of C. sinensis. The duration of developmental stages such as egg, larval, pre-pupal, pupal, male and female adult lasts for 3.45 ± 1.13, 11.10 ± 2.52, 2.05 ± 0.51, 5.85 ± 0.88, 5.55 ± 1.00, and 9.00 ± 1.12 days, respectively. The average fecundity was 33.10 ± 6.84 eggs/female. The head capsule width for five larval instars was 0.11 ± 0.01, 0.18 ± 0.02, 0.34 ± 0.01, 0.58 ± 0.04, and 0.64 ± 0.06 mm, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct species-groups formed by C. sinensis with other fruit borer species considered (C. cramerella, C. litchiella Bradley, and Thaumatotibia batrachopa (Meyrick)). Understanding the life cycle of C. sinensis and its correct identification is crucial for targeted pest control strategies. Traditional and molecular taxonomy assist in rapid and accurate species identification and understanding of the evolutionary relationships among Conopomorpha species.
Internal Self-Determination in Ethiopia
Authors: Afesha Nigussie
Published: October 2024

This paper discusses cluster statehood and its implications on minority ethnic groups. Using the three statehood exercises (South-Western Ethiopian Peoples, Southern Ethiopia and Central Ethiopian regional state) as a case study, this paper highlights the main issues and challenges minority ethnic groups face in the process of statehood exercise. These include the application of the simple majority vote rule in a statehood referendum, the implication of cluster statehood on minority ethnic groups’ rights, the challenge of clustering ethnic minorities without their wishes and restructuring minorities’ ethnic administrative boundaries without a referendum. It concludes that the simple majority followed in statehood referendum makes the role of minority ethnic groups rubber-stamp rather than reflect their real interests. Creating the Central Ethiopian State without a referendum is a flagrant disregard of the constitutional procedure and hinders the full political authority of minority nnp s to decide on their affairs.
A Comparative Investigation of Monsoon Active and Break Events over the Western North Pacific
Authors: Xu Ke , Lu Riyu
Published: October 2024

This study identifies 86 active events and 66 break events of the western North Pacific summer monsoon (WNPSM) from 1979 to 2020. These active and break events exhibit sharp contrast in large-scale convection and circulation fields. During the active period, deep convection almost covers the entire WNP domain (0°–25°N, 120°–170°E), accompanied by the strengthening of a local monsoon trough and monsoon westerlies extending from the Arabian Sea to the WNP. In contrast, during the break period, along with weakened monsoon westerlies, the subtropical high replaces the monsoon trough to dominate the WNP domain, leading to the disappearance of deep convection. Results about the convection evolution at multiple time scales indicate that active/break events are primarily contributed to by the wet/dry phases of intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs). The phase transitions of ISOs are nearly symmetric between active and break events. However, these two types of events present notable asymmetric features in convection anomalies relative to climatology, which can be attributable to the modulation of the seasonal mean component. Specifically, both active and break events correspond to anomalously strong seasonal mean convection, which amplifies (weakens) the convection enhancement (suppression) during the active (break) period and results in normal (enhanced) convection during adjacent periods. The preferred occurrence of active and break events in strong summer monsoons is because related mean backgrounds, including increased low-level positive vorticity, specific humidity, and easterly vertical shear, facilitate the intensification of ISOs. These mean backgrounds are likely induced by SST cooling in the north Indian Ocean and warming in the equatorial central Pacific during the simultaneous summer.

Significance Statement

The subseasonal variation in monsoon rainfall typically manifests as fluctuations between active events with abundant rainfall and break events with deficit rainfall, which can induce converse extremes such as floods and droughts, significantly affecting water management, agriculture planning, and economic activities. This study aims to reveal the characteristics, formation, and occurrence regularity of active and break events during the western North Pacific summer monsoon (WNPSM). We note that the occurrence of these active and break events is determined not only by intraseasonal oscillations but also by seasonal mean backgrounds, which result in certain asymmetrical features between the two types of events. These results will enhance our understanding of the monsoon’s intraseasonal variability and the physical association between multiple time scales over the WNP domain (0°–25°N, 120°–170°E).
The effect of crystallinity on fatigue properties of glass fiber reinforced poly (ether ether ketone) composite materials
Authors: Xie Huaming , Gu Xinghe , Yao Jianan , Zhang Jindong , Liu Gang , Chen Chunhai
Published: October 2024

Glass fiber reinforced poly (ether ether ketone) (GF/PEEK) composite materials with different crystallinity were manufactured by controlling the cooling rate of the hot pressing process. Then, two crystallinity kinetics equations were used to analyze the non-isothermal crystallization process of the GF/PEEK composite materials. In addition, the effect of PEEK resin matrix crystallinity on the fatigue properties of composite materials was further revealed through the tension-tension fatigue test in this study. The crystallization kinetics showed that the nucleation mode of the GF/PEEK composite materials was mainly heterogeneous nucleation. Moreover, the crystallinity and crystal size of the composite materials decreased with the increase in cooling rates. Meanwhile, the fatigue failure modes of the composite materials could be observed in the fatigue failure microstructure figure, which included matrix cracking, interface failure, fiber debonding and fiber fracture. It had been found that crystallinity greatly influences the fatigue properties of composite materials. In the GF/PEEK composite materials with low crystallinity, the surface of failed fibers became rough or even adhesion to the permanently deformed resin matrix with a wide range of plastic yield. Moreover, the fatigue crack passes the amorphous phase more quickly, resulting in more significant residual stiffness degradation and shorter fatigue life.
Effects of Traditional Chinese Martial Arts and Stretching Exercises on Symptoms of Fibromyalgia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mao Sujie , Qian Guoping , Xiao Kaiwen , Xu Hong , Zhang Shikun , Zhou Wensheng
Published: October 2024

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic condition characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain and various associated symptoms. Non-pharmacological interventions have gained attention for managing FMS and improving patient outcomes. We reviewed past research to investigate the effects of traditional Chinese martial arts (TCMA) and stretching training (ST) on symptoms of patients with FMS. We searched Web of Science, Medline via PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and EMBASE from their inceptions to June 1, 2023. Across selected studies, we evaluated TCMA and ST using Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) scores, pain symptoms, fatigue levels, and sleep quality as outcome measures. Compared with control groups, participants receiving TCMA and ST interventions showed significantly lower FIQ scores (Standard Mean Difference (SMD) = -3.01, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [−4.83,−1.19]), improved pain symptoms (SMD = −0.77, 95% CI [−1.07,−0.47]), less fatigue (SMD = 1.31, 95% CI [0.50,2.11]), and enhanced sleep quality (SMD = −0.55, 95% CI [−0.97,−0.12]). Subgroup analyses revealed that, irrespective of intervention duration, both TCMA and ST interventions were effective in relieving pain symptoms in these patients. ST interventions showed significant improvement in fatigue symptoms, while TCMA interventions positively influenced sleep quality. These findings highlight potential non-pharmalogical benefits of TCMA and ST interventions in managing FMS. However, future research should explore the optimal duration, frequency, intensity, and types of interventions for TCMA and ST and design targeted exercise intervention programs to study the effects of these interventions on different characteristics of FMS patients. Attention should be given to the effects of short-term interventions on improving fatigue symptoms, sleep quality, and pain relief, to provide more personalized and effective FMS treatment plans.
The Moderating Role of Oxytocin in the Association Between Parental Support and Change in Secure Attachment Development
Authors: Budniok Samuel , Bakermans-Kranenburg Marian , Bosmans Guy
Published: October 2024

According to the Learning Theory of Attachment, neuroendocrinological processes affect the association between parental support and change in attachment. The current study aimed to test this assumption for oxytocin (OT) given its role in social behavior. We conducted a three-wave longitudinal study in which 91 children (56% girls, M age = 9.55, SD age = 0.63) participated. Change in attachment was assessed from Wave 1 to Wave 3 and was indexed by measuring trust in maternal support and Secure Base Script (SBS) knowledge. Measures of salivary child OT and parental support (child and mother report) were obtained during respectively the first and last wave. Results indicated that child-reported parental support was positively related to change in trust and more so for children with high OT levels. No (moderation) effects were found for SBS knowledge. Overall, these findings illustrate the importance of considering biological factors along with experienced parenting to explain differences in attachment.
The effect of very preterm birth on the Five-Factor Model of personality traits: A meta-analysis of individual participant data
Authors: Liu Yiwen , Realo Anu , Mendonça Marina , Baumann Nicole , Bartmann Peter , Räikkönen Katri , Heinonen Kati , Robinson Rachel , Marlow Neil , Johnson Samantha , Ni Yanyan , Kajantie Eero , Hovi Petteri , Tikanmäki Marjaana , Wolke Dieter
Published: October 2024

There is mixed evidence on personality differences among those born very preterm or with very low birth weight (VP/VLBW). This meta-analysis of individual participant data aimed to examine differences in personality traits between VP/VLBW ( n = 568) and term-born ( n = 1,060) adults, and the role of neonatal characteristics and neurosensory impairments in childhood, which have not been previously investigated. Six studies were identified from two research consortia and a systematic search of the literature (PubMed and Scopus); studies were eligible if they included VP/VLBW and term-born adults followed from birth and assessed personality using the Five-Factor Model. Risk of bias (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale) was generally not a concern apart from the use of self-reported measures and the rate of follow-up. Using a one-stage approach, VP/VLBW scored lower on extraversion and openness and higher on neuroticism and agreeableness than term-born participants after adjusting for sex and parental education. Within the VP/VLBW group, those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia scored lower on extraversion and higher on neuroticism, with similar findings after removing participants with neurosensory impairments. Altogether, these findings suggest that a proportion of the effect of VP/VLBW birth on personality may be attributed to neonatal morbidities and altered brain development, although other confounding factors require further research.
Performance analysis of uncoated and coated (TiN-, TiAlN-) carbide drills in drilling graphene-reinforced GF/epoxy nanocomposites: Analytical and experimental study
Authors: Mishra Bishnu Prasad , Mishra Debadutta , Mahapatra Trupti Ranjan , Sahoo Prafulla K , Panda Pranabini
Published: October 2024

The present study aims to investigate the performance of conventional uncoated and coated (TiN, TiAlN) solid carbide drill tools in drilling bi-directional graphene-reinforced (2 wt.%) glass fiber (GF)/epoxy polymer nanocomposite laminate with two distinct lamination schemes ([0/90]12S and [0/90/±45]6S). Performance measures included thrust force, torque, tool flank wear, peak acoustic emission, root mean square (RMS) of acoustic energy, and average surface roughness. Moreover, the delamination that occurs beyond the critical value of thrust force (computed analytically) has also been addressed. Optimized drilling parameters were used for experimentation to minimize thrust force and torque simultaneously. Both TiN and TiAlN-coated carbide drills outperformed uncoated carbide drills for fewer holes (around 25 for TiN and about 40 for TiAlN), but their performance deteriorated with more holes due to coating chipping or peeling from the original tool material. The (0/90 ± 45)6S graphene-reinforced layup showed less tool wear, deterioration, and acoustic emission energy compared to the (0/90)12S neat layup. TiAlN-coated drills exhibited the smallest wear on the flank face followed by TiN-coated and uncoated carbide drills. Moreover, the smoothest cut surface throughout the 300 holes drilled, averaging 1.5 µm to 1.8 µm in surface roughness, was observed with the TiAlN-coated drill. Therefore, the TiAlN-coated drill is recommended for drilling a larger number of holes due to its reduced tool wear, smoother cut surfaces, and better form accuracy with minimal delamination.
Trust in scientific institutions and experts during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic in Finland
Authors: Jallinoja Piia T. , Vento Eetu V. , Väliverronen Esa T.
Published: October 2024

Aims:

To explore variations in trust in science and scientific institutions in Finland during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the factors influencing trust in experts of a key institution in the management of the pandemic, the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL). These results are contrasted with trust in the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health.

Methods:

Five surveys were conducted between April 2020 and March 2022 ( n=5448). The changes were tested with the chi-square test. Predictors of trust in THL and the ministry was examined with binary logistic regression.

Results:

Trust in science and key scientific institutions remained consistently high throughout this period. In the early pandemic, trust in the ministry declined. The most significant explanatory factors for trust in THL and the ministry were being a supporter of some other party than the right-wing Finns Party and belonging to the age groups over 50 years.

Conclusions:

Our findings indicate that the pandemic, marked by unpredictability, did not weaken trust in science and THL, whereas trust in the ministry responsible for managing the pandemic and university experts weakened. In increasingly politically polarised societies, the impact of political sentiments on health-related perceptions and choices should be analysed more in future public health studies.