bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aktywność misyjna gnostyków na przykładzie walentynian
Authors: Piwowarczyk Przemysław
Published: November 2020

The source base for the study on the Gnostic missionary activity in general is rather scarce, nonetheless in the case of the Valentinians, one of the major bran­ches of ancient Christian gnosticism, the main characteristics of the their mission could be given with some certainty. First of all the Valentinians run the mission directed to other Christians. It was conducted by means of public teaching during the open gatherings of the Valentinian communities. The more interested were then taken aside and provided with more specific instructions. The written texts, such as letters or introductory treatises, were also in use. Valentinian mission had probably mostly educational character, because there is no source evidence for Valentinian efforts to gain new members for their own church communities. The main goal was to bring the spiritual enlightenment, divine knowledge, to brothers who did not yet received it. Of course such an enlightened Christian presumably in greater part joined the Valentinian community, however the sources do not con­firm, that it was either demanded or recommended. The mission to the Pagans is not so well testified. The Valentinian texts from Nag Hammadi Codices, such as Tractatus Tripartitus and Letter to Rheginus prove that there were some converts from among the Pagans, but probably not numerous and not eagerly sought. Only the former text mentions some kind of apostles of good message, who might be recognized as those who preach to non-Christians. We do not know however, if they spread the basics of Christianity or at once its deeper Gnostic meaning.
Wątek składania ofiar w dekoracji budowli sakralnych Dura Europos
Authors: Skupińska-Løvset Ilona
Published: November 2020

Dura Europos, or as proposed today Europos Dura, was a fortified settlement on the border between the Roman Empire and the East. The archeological dis­coveries reflected the character of the settlement – the fortified agglomeration grouped at the military camp. After its fall Europos Dura was covered by desert sand only to be discovered in the XXth century. Archaeological research has dis­closed documentation of its multicultural character. This paper points to the fact of coexistence of various religions in late antiquity Europos Dura. Paintings and sculptures discovered in situ indicate that scene of offering was a favorite subject in the sacral art of Europos Dura, independent of religion. The ceremony of in­cense burning constitutes the dominant form of offering regarding visualizations of this important ceremony.
Epitafia dla najmłodszych i najstarszych chrześcijan w katakumbach rzymskich
Authors: Stawoska-Jundziłł Bożena
Published: November 2020

In this article I analyse text on epitaphs in Roman Catacombs (III-VI cen­tury) of youngest (children to one years old) and oldest (above eighty years old) Christians. We observe here huge number of children in funeral inscriptions in comparison to other age group. In both analysed groups have similar character of inscription. It shows minimal amount of text and not very many religion refer­ence. Perhaps it is result of believing that short or “to long” life are lacking value.
Przebaczenie grzechów w nauczaniu Jana Chryzostoma. Zarys problematyki
Authors: Szczur Piotr
Published: November 2020

This article attempts to show the teaching of John Chrysostom (c. 350-407) on the mercy of God and His love for mankind, which mani­fests itself in the forgiveness of sins. God loves all people, but sometimes allows them to suffer in order to bring them closer to Himself and show them His love (Chrysostom uses here the image of the father and the doctor). The loving close­ness of God is an invitation for sinners to return to their loving Father. The Church is an area of activity of the merciful God. It is in the Church that the sinner can obtain forgiveness by practicing repentance. However, the return to the merciful Father cannot be limited to an act of will, but the decision of will must be followed by action – concrete attitude expressing a real desire to implement the decision.
What body will not inherit the kingdom of God? An early Christian exegesis of the First Epistle to the Corinthians 15:50
Authors: Szram Mariusz
Published: November 2020

Celem artykułu jest prześledzenie egzegezy wersetu 1Kor 15, 50 w literaturze wczesnochrześcijańskiej na przykładzie pism trzech autorów, reprezentujących podstawowe tradycje geograficzno-kulturowe funkcjonujące w Kościele pierw­szych wieków: Ireneusza z Lyonu – przedstawiciela tradycji azjatyckiej; Tertu­liana z Kartaginy – związanego z tradycją północnoafrykańską, zbliżoną w wielu punktach do azjatyckiej; oraz Orygenesa – wywodzącego się z tradycji aleksan­dryjskiej. U wszystkich wspomnianych pisarzy przeważała interpretacja moral­na zwrotu „ciało i krew” jako grzesznych uczynków, które należy porzucić, aby wejść do królestwa niebieskiego. Każdy z nich dopuszczał jednak również swo­istą interpretację dosłowną tego wersetu, próbując pogodzić ją z fundamentalną prawdą wiary o cielesnym zmartwychwstaniu: Ireneusz akcentował, że ciało nie może zmartwychwstać i osiągnąć królestwa Bożego o własnych siłach, a jedynie z pomocą Ducha Świętego; Tertulian był przekonany, że ciało w ziemskiej pos­taci zmartwychwstanie, ale nie będzie mogło wejść do królestwa niebieskiego bez przyjęcia nowych cech; Orygenes posunął się najdalej, podając w wątpliwość powrót do życia ciał w ziemskim kształcie. Przeanalizowane komentarze do Paw­łowego wersetu dowodzą, że egzegeza patrystyczna była ukierunkowana teolo­gicznie i zależna od ówczesnych sporów doktrynalnych. Ukazują też pewien pa­radoks: niekiedy w celu uzasadnienia konkretnego stanowiska filozoficzno-teolo­gicznego zwolennik literalizmu lub umiarkowanej alegorezy mógł przywiązywać większą wagę do przenośnego znaczenia tekstu natchnionego niż zdeklarowany alegorysta, który z kolei odwoływał się do daleko idącej interpretacji dosłownej.
Arethas of Caesarea and Aristotelian studies. Study of case
Authors: Terezis Christos , Artemi Eirini
Published: November 2020

Artykuł przybliża postać bizantyjskiego myśliciela, przedstawiciela renesan­su bizantyjskiego, żyjącego w X w., biskupa Aretasa z Cezarei, oraz jego ko­mentarz do Kategorii Arystotelesa. Celem jest ukazanie naukowego warsztatu i badawczej pasji, jaką odznaczał się biskup Aretas w komentowaniu szczególnie wymagającego tekstu, jakim są Arystotelesowskie Kategorie, oraz przedstawie­nie zasad bizantyńskiej hermeneutyki tekstów filozoficznych, której główną cechą jest krytycyzm oraz unikanie filologicznych i objaśniających komentarzy. Scholia Aretasa do Arystotelesa pokazują, że biskup Cezarei używał tekstu filozofa przede wszystkim do wykładania na jego podstawie neoplatońskiej ontologii.
Stephan Schiwietz (Siwiec) – uczeń w szkole Maxa Sdralka
Authors: Uciecha Andrzej
Published: November 2020

Stefan Schiwietz (Stefan Siwiec), 1863-1941 – a Roman Catholic priest, Doctor of Theology, historian of the Eastern Orthodox Church, pedagogue – was born in Miasteczko Śląskie (Georgenberg) on 23th August 1863. He studied theo­logy at the University of Wrocław for 3 years (1881-1884) under H. Laemmer, F. Probst, A. König and M. Sdralek, among others, and then continued his theo­logical studies in Innsbruck (1884-1886), where he was a pupil of J. Jungmann and G. Bickell. The seminarist spent two years (1885-1886) in Freising in Bavaria, where in 1886 he took his holy orders. Siwiec published his doctoral thesis in Wrocław in 1896, so at the time when Sdralek took the chair of Church History. The subject of the Silesian scholar’s dissertation concerned the monastic reform of Theodore the Studite De S. Theodoro Studita reformatore monachorum Basilianorum. Siwiec combined his didactic work as a religious and mathematics teacher in the public middle school in Racibórz with his academic studies on the history of Eastern Orthodox Christianity, especially on monasticism. The results of his research were published both in German and in Polish. His most significant work is a three-volume monograph Das morgenländische Mönchtum (Bd. 1: Das Ascetentum der drei ersten christl. Jahrhunderte und das egyptische Mönchtum im vierten Jahrhundert, Mainz 1904; Bd. 2: Das Mönchtum auf Sinai und in Palästina im 4 Jahrhundert, Mainz 1913; Bd. 3: Das Mönchtum in Syrien und Mesopotamien und das Aszetentum in Persien vierten Jarhundert, Mödling bei Wien 1938) on the history of the beginnings and development of Oriental monas­ticism in Egypt, Palestine, Syria and Persia, until the 4th century, which up to the present day has been cited in the world Patristic literature. Yet, Siwiec’s academic work still remains little known, especially in the circle of historians of antiquity and Polish patrologists. The equally little known figure of Max Sdralek, another Silesian (coming from Woszczyce) priest and academic, Rector of University of Wrocław, provides a significant context with the research methodology which this eminent scholar initiated, developed and tried to pass down to his pupils, among whom was also Stefan Siwiec. Sdralek strictly demanded that the principle of the priority of Church history over history of religion and psychology should be kept. In his works a description of socio-cultural factors and natural conditions determining the process of development of Christianity enables to see in a much clearer way how God’s plan has unfolded in history. The mutual dependence of Sdralek and Siwiec, the similarities and differences in their ways of studying and understanding Church history still remains an issue worth further exploration.
Elity chrześcijańskie wobec islamu (VII-X wiek)
Authors: Wolińska Teresa
Published: November 2020

It is difficult to find equally important event in history as the birth of Islam and Arab expansion, although their importance was not appreciated at first. Its appear­ance was a breakthrough in several dimensions: religious, political, economic, cultural and lingual. The article attempts to discuss the reaction of Christian elites to the new monotheist religion. Initially, Islam was not identified as a new, separate religion. It was believed that the invaders would be chased away soon. The invasion was perceived in the biblical context, as a punishment for sins and as a work of the devil. So thought Sophronios, Theodor, John of Nikiu. Other writers pointed out Jews and heretics as the cause of God’s anger (Maximus the Confessor), but also emperor Constans (Anastasius the Synaite, Sebeos, some anonymous authors). A debate between Christians and Muslims commenced when Muhammad was still alive and both parties knew virtually nothing of each other. With time, the knowledge about Islam increased, although it still depended on education, social status, place of residence and knowledge of Arabic. In the 8th century it became obvious that Muslim rule would continue which can be observed in the opinion expressed by such writers as Sebeos, Anastasios, Denys of Tell Mahré or Ghewond. The task of Christian elites then, was to survive in an alien, not in­ frequently hostile environment and to preserve Christian faith. It was even more important when, particularly under the Umayyad rule, the religious policy be­came worse for Christians, which resulted in numerous conversions to Islam. The church must have felt threatened, consequently new arguments in the disputes with Muslims were needed. A form of a dialogue or polemics between two ad­versaries appeared. This can be seen in the texts of Theodor Abu Qurra, John on Damascus, in the polemics between patriarch Timothy with caliph Mahdi (781), homilies of a Syriac bishop from Iraq Mar Aba II (641-751), a discourse between monk Bert Hale and a wealthy Muslim or the answer of emperor Leo III to caliph Umar II (719), to mention just a few. The Christians attacked primarily Muhammad himself. He was accused of being a heretic or fake prophet. His knowledge would come either from Jews or heretic Christians. His adversaries pointed out that he had not done miracles as Christ had. It was also said that his revelation had been nothing but his dream or a result of his illness (epilepsy), or even that he had been possessed by daemons. Another target of attacks was the Quran, which was presented as a falsified Scripture. According to Niketas, it was not created by God, but by a daemon, as a compilation of many, often contradicting texts. It was also criticized as being non-original. Islam, was also be spread with the sword rather than with the word.
Obraz kapłana-duszpasterza w nauczaniu św. Grzegorza z Nazjanzu
Authors: Wygralak Paweł
Published: November 2020

The article presents the thoughts of St. Gregory of Nazianzus on the attitudes of priests in their pastoral work. The bases of this study are selected speeches and works of poetry by St. Gregory. The Bishop of Nazianzus indicates first and fore­most the importance of the spiritual formation of each priest. Without reducing the importance of an intellectual formation, he puts the concern for the development of the inner life in the primary place. The deeply spiritual priest, having a thor­ough theological knowledge, can take up the mission of proclaiming God’s word responsibly. The fruitfulness of this ministry also depends on the discernment of the spiritual, moral and intellectual state of the faithful, whom he is serving. St. Gregory also points out the dangers that threaten every priest. These are above all: pride, which leads to the desire to rule and not to serve, as well as materialism and the use of one’s office to further one’s own private interests.
Ideał mędrca w listach św. Ambrożego
Authors: Wysocki Marcin
Published: November 2020

St. Ambrose’s letters are a unique example of bishop’s concern for pastoral, social and political issues relating to the city, the diocese, the Empire and the Church. They have been a special way of his pastoral influence and work. He in­cluded in them a number of moral, legal and dogmatic instructions, among which he described a model of the Christian sage. It was based on the statements of the Stoic philosophy, but finally the Christian character arising from Scripture, and es­pecially from the teaching of St. Paul the Apostle, was added to Ambrose’s model of a sage. According to Ambrose, the basic feature of the sage is freedom, but it also provides a number of other features – such as submission to God, love for the neighbours, the spirit of repentance, knowledge of God’s Law – which constitute the perfect sage, and ultimately – the perfect Christian.
Znaczenie instytucji wdów w odniesieniu do stanu dziewic w pierwszych wiekach Kościoła
Authors: Zalewski Dariusz
Published: November 2020

Herein the article it is given the analyses of the institution of widows and sta­tus of virgins. A special attention is paid to their mutual relations and status at the first centuries of the Church. On the basis of the above mentioned analyses we can see how the mutual relations between them have been changed during centuries. Since the times of the Apostles the widows have been surrounded by a special care and played a very important role at the community. In regard of the great effort which widows, who had been already acquainted with the marital consump­tion, had to make to keep abstinence their value was greater than value of virgins. A special attention to this fact was paid by Tertullian and Clemens of Alexandria. In the course of time the situation has been slowly changing. The change of the ministerial status at the Church and the edict of toleration issued by Galerius in the year 311 brought to a gradual acceptance by virgins of the status which earlier had been a privilege of widows. The process of valorization was escalating more and more simultaneously with the development of monasteries and monastic life at the IVth century.
Kontynuacja i zmiana w topografii późnoantycznej Meridy
Authors: Zimnowodzka Anna
Published: November 2020

Merida (Augusta Emerita) was founded in 25 BC by Augustus on the territory of Roman province of Lusitania. From the beginning it was one of the most im­portant cities in the Empire, anticipating continuous prosperity for long centuries. The aim of this article is to examine the changes in the topography of Merida in Late Antiquity. These transformations are connected with the Christianization of the city, especially with the foundation of bishopric and development of the cult of local martyr Eulalia.
Pemanfaatan Klasifikasi Soal Biologi Cognitive Domain Bloom’s Taxonomy Menggunakan KNN Chi-Square Sebagai Penyusunan Naskah Soal
Authors: Listiowarni Indah , Puspa Dewi Nindian
Published: November 2020

The question manuscript is a document that contains a collection of exam questions that are commonly used by an educator to test the absorption of their students on the material that has been presented in class. Question manuscripts made by educators are made based on a pre-made question grid, and contain a certain percentage of each cognitive domain category in the bloom taxonomy. The level in the bloom taxonomic cognitive domain describes the level of difficulty of each item made, so that an educator must first make a formula in a planning script called a question grid. The items that have been classified based on the cognitive domain taxonomic level of bloom using the KNN classifier method and the Chi-square feature selection are proven to be the right combination, the classification results of these items will be used for the preparation of a text for exam questions with an adjusted percentage formula. With the question grid that has been made beforehand, it is hoped that this research can be used to facilitate educators in drafting appropriate exam questions for their students
Indigestão vagal em ruminantes – revisão de literatura
Authors:   Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Ribeiro Ana Clara Sarzedas , Conceição Ângela Imperiano da ,   Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Silva Tatiane Vitor da ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Silva Bruna Higino de Souza ,   Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Silva Poliana Araújo ,   Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Campos Édipo Moreira ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Soares Gliére Silmara Leite ,   Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Afonso José Augusto Bastos ,   Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
Published: November 2020

The objective was to conduct a systematic review on vagus indigestion in ruminants. This syndrome, caused by vagus nerve dysfunction and characterized by motility disorders of the pre-stomachs and abomasum, is categorized into four types, based on the location of the functional disorder: type I or failure in eructation, type II or failure in omasal transport, type III or failure in the pyloric flow and type IV or indigestion caused by advanced pregnancy. Due to its clinical and economic importance for cattle breeding, it is essential to approach this disease, aiming to expand knowledge and promote the correct diagnosis by veterinarians working in the field of internal medicine for ruminants.
Factors affecting the decision for routine health checkup: evidence from survey data in Khanh Hoa province
Authors: Thái Phạm Thành , Nam Võ Chí
Published: November 2020

Routine health checkup is the simplest and most scientific method for early detection, minimizing harm, and preventing complications of diseases. However, until now, only a fraction of the population is aware of its importance. Studies in the world and in Vietnam show that the proportion of the population having routine health checkups remains modest. Understanding which factors affect the decision to have routine health checkups is important in creating a system and environment that encourage people to have regular health checkups. The study is based on the survey data of 420 people in Khanh Hoa province to identify the main factors affecting their decision of routine health checkups, using the Logit regression model. The results shows that factors affecting decisions on routine health checkups include: education level, occupation, income, age, chronic illness, waiting time, and the impact of cost. The study also determines that gender and marital status have no effect on regular health checkups. The results highlight the importance of taking into consideration the priorities of time and cost when developing policies to encourage regular health checkups in the population.
Improving laws on Public-Private Partnership projects appraisal council – Experiences from Korean laws
Authors: Cao Như Thị Thùy
Published: November 2020

Appraisal is an important stage in the preparation of Public-Private Partnership projects, which has an important influence on the project investment decision. However, the reality of the appraisal work over the past time has not been as effective as expected. To improve this situation, first of all, it is necessary to improve the legal basis of the organization, operation as well as the responsibility of the subject assigned to the appraisal task (the appraisal council). Only when the legal status of the appraisal council is independently designed, the composition of the appraisal council meets the professional requirements and the legal responsibility of each member of the appraisal council are clearly defined, thus the appraisal work can be done seriously and effectively. With the above orientation, this article will clarify Vietnamese legal regulations related to the appraisal council for Public-Private Partnership projects, including the current provisions of Decree 63/2018/ND-CP and the upcoming provisions of the Law on Public-Private Partnership Investment 2020. At the same time, this article will also compare with similar provisions of the Korean laws to have multidimensional views. On that basis, this article will propose a number of personal views to complete the legal basis for the appraisal of Public-Private Partnership projects in our country.
Topic modeling for analyzing online reviews in hotel sector
Authors: Ho Nguyen Van , Thanh Ho Trung
Published: November 2020

Recently, with the growth of technology and the Internet, customers can easily create their opinions and feedbacks about products and services of hotels on websites or social media. This information is stored in textual form, and is a huge source of data to explore. In order to continue developing to meet customers' needs, businesses need to gain customers' insights that customers discuss and concern. In this study, we firstly collected a corpus of 26,482 customer comments and reviews written in English from some e-commerce websites in the hospitality industry. After preprocessing the collected data, our team conducted experiments on this corpus and chose the best number of topics (K) by Coherence Score measurements as input parameters for the model. Finally, experiment on the corpus according to the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model with K coefficient to explore the topic. The model results found hidden topics with the corresponding list of keywords, reflecting the issues that customers are interested in. Applying empirical results from the model will support decision making to improve products and services in business as well as in the management and development of businesses in the hotel sector.
Using free-living nematode communities as biological monitoring of environmental quality status in Ben Tre city
Authors: Tran Thai Thanh , Que Lam Nguyen Le , My Yen Nguyen Thi , Luu Pham Thanh , Hoang Yen Tran Thi , Huynh Nguyen Thi , Tan Lam Van , Quang Ngo Xuan
Published: November 2020

Nematode communities were used as a tool to assess the environmental quality status of sediment of the water bodies in Ben Tre city. Eight locations in the main canals and river in the city were surveyed during the rainy season (September). The study recorded 51 genera belonging to 33 families, 10 orders (Araeolaimida, Chromadorida, Desmodorida, Dorylaimida, Enoplida, Monhysterida, Mononchida, Plectida, Rhabditida, and Triplonchida), 2 classes (Chromadorea and Enoplia). The density of nematode communities at most survey locations is quite high, ranging from 29.88 +/- 38.01 to 1172.08 +/- 659.74 individuals/10 cm2. However, the biodiversity is quite low, species richness index (S) ranged from 5.33 1.15 to 18.33 4.72, and Shannon diversity index (H') from 1.28 +/- 0.12 to 3.19 +/- 0.50 and Pielou's evenness index (J') from 0.47 +/- 0.04 to 0.93 +/- 0.04. The Maturity Index (MI) of nematode communities was applied to assess the environmental quality status of sediment. The results showed that the environmental quality status of sediment recorded disturbances, classified as bad to moderate. The colonizer-persister (c-p) combined with the MI is a potential tool in biological monitoring of environmental quality status. However, to increase the reliability of evaluation conclusions, the combination of MI and biological indicators as well as physical-chemical parameters is necessary.
The effect of the blue light on the pericarp cell growth and lycopene content of cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) fruit
Authors: Pham Dien Thi Kieu , Do Kiet Thuong , Nguyen Sanh Du
Published: November 2020

The cherry tomato fruit size depends on the growth of the pericarp which is parenchymal cells. The blue light stimulates the expansion of cotyledon cells, hypocotyl cells and leaf cells. In this study, the cherry tomato fruit was used as a material to investigate the effects of the blue light on the pericarp cells growth in fruit growth stage and lycopene accumulation in fruit growth and ripening stage. After 7 days of the blue light (440, 450 or 460 nm) treatment, pericarp cells growth and physiological, biochemical changes of the pericarp cells of 7-day-old fruit pericarp piece in vitro were analyzed. The lycopene content and some organic compound contents of 42-day-old postharvest fruits treated by the blue light similarly in 7 days and 7, 21-day-old fruit wrapped with blue filter (440-510 nm filtered) in 7 days were measured. The results showed that the 450 nm wavelength blue light the increased pericarp thickness of 7-day-old fruits through the increasement of the pericarp cell diameter. The 460 nm wavelength blue light the increased lycopene content of 42-day-old postharvest fruits. The blue filter treatment increased the sugar total content of 7- day-old fruits and increased the lycopene content of 21-day-old fruits.
The Synthesis of silica nanoparticles from Vietnamese rice husk - Application for adsorption of heavy metals in industrial wastewater
Authors: Tâm Đào Thi Băng , Độ Nguyễn Trung , Quốc Lưu Kiến , Nhân Hà Thúc Chí
Published: November 2020

Heavy metals are known to be toxic, even at low content (ppm), for living organisms[1,2]. The presence of heavy metals and other pollutants in water continues to be a major concern and the removal of such contaminants is considered as an important solution for environmental remediation[3,4]. In this paper, we study the ability adsorption of  Pb2+ and Cd2+ heavy ionic metal on silica nanomaterials which was extracted and purified from Vietnamese rice husk. The structure of the materials was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FT-IR spectroscopy. By Adsorption Atomic Spectroscopy (AAS) analysis, the results have demonstrated the time taken for attaining equilibrium adsorption is about 1.5 hours for both cases, and the adsorption capacity of Pb2+ and Cd2+ on silica are 21 and 24 mg/L, respectively.
Design of a monitoring and control system for Aquaponics based on Iot technology
Authors: Nguyen Nhan Chi , Nguyen Khang Phuoc Hoang , Nguyen Quan Hoang , Nguyen Hieu Van , Ho Huy Thanh
Published: November 2020

This paper presents the design of environmental monitoring and control system in aquaponics based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology. This system allows users to monitor and control the operation of devices through the application on smartphones, including: 3 water pumps, 3 air pumps, pH sensor, dissolved oxygen (DO) sensor, temperature sensor and humidity sensor, exhaust fan and misting. These devices are monitored and controlled in two modes: automatic and manual control. For 3 pumps and 3 air pumps, in automatic mode, allows the user to set the pump time between water pumps and between air pumps. In manual control mode, allows the user to control water pumps and air pumps by the push of a button on a smartphone application. Monitor pH, DO and allows the user to set the pH threshold and DO threshold to give an alert when the pH and DO exceed the threshold. Monitor the parameters of temperature, humidity in the membrane house and allow setting the temperature threshold and humidity threshold to control the exhaust fan and misting respectively when the temperature and humidity exceed the threshold. This system tested at aquaponics farm - Dong Thap Aqua. The results show that this system is working reliably and promising which brings significantly benefits to aquaponics. Besides, it also contributes to improve production efficiency and sustainable development of green agriculture.
Cyber Space Crimes and IT Laws in opposition of Cyber Offence
Authors: Pathak Phalguni , Saraswat Saumya , Yadav Rahul
Published: November 2020

In today's scenario where each activity takes place on Internet, from paying bills to buying groceries and to booking movie tickets to online banking. It is necessary to have the proper knowledge about the trending security threats and laws, in reference of those threats. Use and users of internet is increasing on daily basis, which makes this virtual field, all the more perfect for cybercrime. In this paper, the discussion is based on what are the security threats we face on daily basis, their specific types and nature also what are the Cyber Laws we have against cyber-crimes.
THE REGULATION OF ISSUES OF PERFORMING BAPTISM AND OCCASIONAL CHURCH RITUALS IN THE CONTEXT OF RUSSIA-ARMENIA INTERFAITH RELATIONS (1828–1905)
Authors: Blokhin Vladimir
Published: November 2020

The article attempts to analyze the regulation of situations in which, for the commission of the sacrament of baptism and other church demands, persons of Orthodox confession were forced to turn to the priests of the Armenian Apostolic Church, and persons of the Armenian confession to the Orthodox priests. However, it was not a question of a change in religion. It was established that such situations occurred due to forced circumstances and often entailed negative consequences of state-legal, church-canonical and domestic nature. For example, the fact that an Armenian priest baptized a child born to Orthodox spouses was regarded as "seduction from Orthodoxy", even if it was caused by a dangerous disease of a newborn. The baptism of an Armenian child in the Orthodox rank led to intra-family religious strife: the child was now considered a member of the Orthodox Church, while his parents continued to belong to the Armenian Church.
It is concluded that, firstly, the entry of Eastern Armenia and the Armenian Apostolic Church into Russia played a significant role in the emergence of church-practical situations and the need for their regulation by Russian law and the governing bodies of both Churches. Secondly, the decree of the Echmiadzin Synod of 1854 granted the Armenian priests the right to perform all church sacraments in respect of children baptized in their infancy in the Orthodox rite, provided that the parents, being of Armenian religion, did not give a written obligation to raise their children in the Orthodox religion. Thirdly, the patronizing policy of the empire regarding Orthodoxy and the dominant position of the Russian Church led to a complication of relations between the Orthodox clergy and the clergy of the Armenian Church. In cases where representatives of both Churches had equal initial rights to perform public church actions (for example, the rite of blessing of water on the feast of the Epiphany within the same city), primacy, and in some cases (as, for example, in 1858 in Astrakhan) exclusive right granted to the Russian Church.
ABOUT PRACTICE OF HYDROTHERAPY IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS OF THE GOLDEN HORDE PERIOD
Authors: Abzalov Lenar F.
Published: November 2020

In this article, based on brief information from Arab sources, as well as the achievements of hydrotherapy and balneology, the author attempts to analyze the practice of hydrotherapy in one of the regions of the Golden Horde, in the current Caucasian Mineralnye Wody, which was a health resort in the Golden Horde’s period. The purpose of this article is to characterize the practice of hydrotherapy in the region of Caucasian Mineralnye Wody by representatives of the Golden Horde elite. The research methodology is based on the historical-comparative method, the method of retrospective analysis, applied on the basis of an interdisciplinary approach, based on the achievements of modern scientific knowledge in physiotherapy, balneology, Spa treatment. Analysis of Ibn Battuta's brief reports suggests that water treatment was practiced in the Golden Horde, and the healing properties of the mineral waters of the North Caucasus were actively used. Hydrotherapy procedures were carried out in accordance with certain standards that could be developed both empirically and theoretically based on the works of famous doctors. In the Golden Horde were not only known, but also actively practiced water procedures for the treatment of various diseases, and it is possible that they were more common than was generally believed. In every region of the Golden Horde was its healing and mineral water sources, and each nation had its own ideas about water, health and healthy lifestyle, which determined the special techniques of hydrotherapy, but due to various objective factors, hydro- and balneotherapy found its greatest spread in the region of Caucasian Mineralnye Wody.
TWO BURIALS OF THE BURIAL GROUND OF THE XIII-XV CENTURY SETTLEMENT «RAILWAY-2»
(Krymsky district of Krasnodar territory)
Authors: Narozhny Yevgeny I. , Tishchenko Igor B.
Published: November 2020

the article introduces into scientific circulation two female graves (№94 and №177) OF the XIII-XIV centuries from the Lower prikuban (burial ground of the settlement "Railway-2". The burial inventory of burials fully characterizes the main lifetime occupations of the buried. These are shearing sheep, processing wool, making wool threads and tailoring. The most expressive are the earrings from burial # 177. They - with an asymmetric metal bead, are a variant of chernoklobutskih jewelry. Jewelry becomes another argument in favor of the version about the migration of these nomads from porosya to the North Caucasus, where they gradually "dissolve" in the local ethno-cultural environment.
DAGESTAN. MOUNTAIN-VALLEY HORTICULTURE:
DEFINING AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE AND GARDENING
Authors: Magomedkhanov Magomedkhan М. , Chenciner Robert , Chenciner Marian , Musaeva Maysarat K. , Garunova Saida M.
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to the historical and ethnographic description of mountain gardening in Dagestan. A brief overview of the definitions of agriculture, horticulture and gardening is given. The importance of avoiding confusion between these basically close and partly identical terms in anthropological and ethnographic studies is illustrated in the case of mountain-valley horticulture. This approach examines a) the symbiosis of the economic and cultural traditions of the region; b) components of ethno-economics and ethno-ecology; c) technological modernization of the agricultural industry; d) an indicator of the resource potential of sustainable development of mountainous areas, the population of which retains traditional economic specialization; e) economic integration of mountainous territories into the region, the country, and the formation of interregional ties that give stability to the ethnic economy; f) criteria for the appropriate preservation of traditional ethno-culture. 
The multiethnic composition of the population of the Russian Federation and the different levels of socio-economic development of its regions, highlight problems not only in the Caucasus but in all regions of the country. Many mistakenly see sustainable development in the recreational potential of the territory and the use of ethnic originality as a "brand" without considering potential, often negative consequences. In this regard, social problems are identified associated with the need to preserve the historical, cultural and natural heritage, traditional life support systems, and economic specialization. Craft centres that preserve the tradition of Russian "brands" are compared to authentic regional products. Since the 1990s mountain-valley gardening in Dagestan is in a state of stagnation due to socio-political, legal (land tenure and land use), and demographic (depopulation of mountainous territories) factors.
EARLY MEDIEVAL BURIAL GROUND GUSARA I IN NORTH OSSETIA
Authors: Kadzaeva Zalina P. , Kanukova Maria M.
Published: November 2020

In 2003 the Alagir archaeological team of the Institute of History and Archaeology (IHA) at North Ossetian state University named after K. L. Khetagurov (now the IHA Republic of North Ossetia-Alania) excavated the Gusara I burial ground in the Alagirsky district of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. The destroyed and looted part about 70 square meters of the burial ground was studied. In total, three underground catacombs were excavated. They contained a few, but quite expressive archaeological material (fibulae, buckles, beads, etc.). The studied catacombs were made in T-shaped type I. There are two varieties of burials according to the details of its constructions. The first variety: entrance pits are narrow and long; the bottom of the entrance pit and the chamber are at the same level, the dromos is not expressed, the vault of the chamber is flat. The chambers are small, most likely intended for the burial of a single person. Presumably, the buried were put with their heads to the left of the entrance. The second variety: the entrance pit is short; a step separated the bottom of the entrance pit from the bottom of the chamber; the dromos is expressed; the vault is designed as an arch; under the buried is traced a bed of organic origin. The buried lay with their heads to the left of the entrance; an artificially deformed skull was fixed. According to the funeral rite and inventory, investigated underground catacombs belong to the early medieval stage of the Alan culture in the North Caucasus during the 2nd half of VI – the 1st half of VII centuries A.D. The investigated archaeological inventory is close to the materials as early Alan culture so the Hun time. The purpose of the article is the introduction into scientific activities the archaeological materials of Gusara I.
Implementasi DVR pada Saluran Penyulang Pujon dengan Kompensasi Tegangan Dip
Authors: Suryo Arief Trisno Eko , Wijono Wijono , Siswojo Bambang
Published: November 2020

Makalah ini mendiskusikan tentang impelementasi DVR pada saluran penyulang Pujon dengan kompensasi tegangan Sag/Dip. Tegangan Dip penyebabnya sering akibat dari gangguan hubung singkat 1 fasa ke tanah. Tegangan Dip membuat tripping dan kerusakan peralatan beban yang menjadi permasalahan yang harus diatasi. Implementasi DVR digunkana untuk mengkompensasit tegangan Dip. Metode kontrol ANN diusulkan untuk mengatur kinerja DVR dalam mengkompensasi tegangan Dip. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan dengan implementasi DVR pada saluran penyulang Pujon mampu mengkompensasi tegangan Dip sebesar rata-rata 0.97% dari gangguan hubung singkat 1 fasa ke tanah dengan persentase penurunan tegangan pada fasa R sebesar 50%-70%.
Desain dan Implementasi Bidirectional DC-DC Converter Untuk Penerangan Darurat
Authors: Rahayu Nancy , Irianto Irianto , Prasetyono Eka
Published: November 2020

Sistem penerangan merupakan salah satu pemakaian energi listrik yang besar. Saat ini sistem penerangan terutama penerangan darurat sangat dibutuhkan untuk mengatasi kondisi tiba-tiba padam pada malam hari. Penerangan darurat tersebut mendapatkan sumber energi listrik dari baterai dan baterai mendapatkan sumber energi listrik dari PLN.  Untuk mengatur sumber energi listrik tersebut maka digunakan suatu konverter DC-DC dengan metode bidirectional. Bidirectional converter merupakan 1 konverter yang mempunyai 2 fungsi yaitu mode buck dan mode boost yang bekerja ketika sumber utama dari PLN padam maka secara otomatis sistem penerangan akan di suplai oleh baterai sebagai sumber cadangan. Mode buck dalam proses charging digunakan untuk menyimpan energi listrik ke dalam baterai dengan kapasitas baterai sebesar 12V 30Ah . Sedangkan mode boost dalam proses discharging digunakan untuk menyalurkan energi listrik dari baterai ke beban dengan beban lampu sebesar 10W. Proses  charging dan discharging  dikontrol menggunakan kontrol proportional integral metode analitik. Proses charging pada mode buck dengan nilai Kp sebesar 8,62 dan Ki sebesar 17240 didapatkan nilai tegangan keluaran sebesar 13,99V. Sedangkan proses discharging  pada mode boost dengan nilai Kp sebesar 2,44 dan Ki sebesar 344,63 didapatkan nilai tegangan keluaran sebesar 23,99V.
Perancangan Sistem Optimasi Smart Solar Electrical pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) dengan Metode Tracking Dual Axis Technology
Authors: Khotama Rean , Santoso Dian Budhi , Stefanie Arnisa
Published: November 2020

Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) merupakan pembangkit listrik yang ramah lingkungan, dan Indonesia merupakan negara tropis yang mendapatkan pencahayaan sinar matahari optimum rata – rata 4,8 kWh per hari. Namun pada umumnya jenis pemasangan panel surya dilakukan secara tetap (statis) pada sudut tertentu sehingga radiasi matahari yang diserap oleh panel surya menjadi tidak optimal pada saat matahari membelakangi panel surya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang suatu sitem yang mampu menyerap pancaran sinar matahari secara optimum dengan menggunakan metode Tracking Dual Axis Technology Berbasis mikrokontroller ATmega 2560 sebagai pengendali Sistem dan Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) Sebagai sensor pelacak matahari. Sehingga dapat memaksimalkan penyerapan radiasi matahari oleh panel surya. Untuk pengujian Tracking Dual Axis Technology di dapatkan tegangan maksimum yang dihasilkan panel surya sebesar 20,99 Volt dan minimum 19,75 Volt serta arus maksimum sebesar 21,04 mA dan minimum 14,12 mA.
Performance Evaluation of Capacitive Based Force Sensor for Electroencephalography Head Caps
Authors: I.F. Warsito , A. Hunold , J. Haueisen , E. Supriyanto
Published: November 2020

Accurate electrode signal measurement using EEG head caps can only be achieved through sufficient contact or force. A flexible force sensor is required to obtain accurate force measurement underneath EEG head caps. In this study, we evaluate the performance of a capacitive based sensor including its accuracy, repeatability, hysteresis, and stability. The result shows that accuracy error and repeatability error were 3.03±2.8 % and 3.84±2.92 %, respectively. The stability errors were 2.37±0.15 %(10 gram), 2.54±0.00 % (50 gram), 2.37±0.15 % (100 gram), 5.07±1.16 % (150 gram), 7.27±0.39 % (200 gram). The hysteresis error of the sensor was 4.48±0.47 %. Based on the results, the capacitive based force sensor provides sufficiently low errors in accuracy, repeatability, stability, and hysteresis and is thus suitable for measuring adduction force in EEG cap applications
Protein Concentration Determination in Latex Glove Using Biocompatibility Morphological Mean Test
Authors: C.  K. Toa , K.  S. Sim , Y.  K. Chan
Published: November 2020

Latex gloves are seen as an indispensable item in the healthcare field because it offers superior protection for both the medical staff and patient against harmful substances. However, latex gloves with high protein concentration have a high possibility to induce latex allergy which in the worst case can lead to a life-threatening condition. To minimize the occurrence of an allergy reaction, the computerized Biocompatibility Morphological Mean (BMM) test for protein detection is proposed. This test initially goes through the chemical process to determine the protein that resides in the glove sample. After that, the sample is electronically converted into a digital image. Finally, the image undergoes color image processing for calculating the color difference values. These values are then plotted on a standard curve. A high correlation coefficient (R2>0.97) of the standard curve gives better accuracies. The proposed method only takes about 40 minutes to complete the test, while existing methods need at least 6 hours.
Development of Visual-based Rehabilitation Using Sensors for Stroke Patient
Authors: C.  C. Lim , K.  S. Sim , C.K. Toa
Published: November 2020

This project concerns on the development of applications using sensors for the rehabilitation of stroke patients. Thus, the leap motion sensor is employed for the finger motor rehabilitation training while the Microsoft Kinect sensor is utilized for the upper limb motor rehabilitation. Two applications which are named ‘Pick and Place’ and ‘Stone Breaker’ are developed. For the first application, the patient is required to pick up the virtual blocks and stack it up. The ‘Stone Breaker’ game requires the patient to move the upper limb in controlling the paddle movement in the game. At the end of the project, it is able to achieve the dominant objective of the project when the tested patient shows significant improvement in both the application
CHALLENGES POSED BY THE IRAQI, SYRIAN AND LIBYAN CRISIS TO THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Kis-Benedek József
Published: November 2020

Povzetek: Leta 2016 in predvsem 2017 so se na kriznih območjih Bližnjega vzhoda in Severne Afrike pojavile nekatere pozitivne spremembe. Spodbuden dogodek je bila uspešna akcija iraških in pešmerskih sil, ki jih podpira zahodna koalicija, proti tako imenovani Islamski državi, katere rezultat je bila izguba ozemlja ekstremističnih organizacij. Avtor analizira vidike kriznih območij, in sicer Iraka, Sirije in Libije, ki se nanašajo na posledice nerešenega vprašanja migrantov. Poleg kriznih območij predstavlja tudi situacijo tujih borcev in varnostna tveganja, ki jih povzroča njihova vrnitev v domovino. Navaja ukrepe, ki so jih sprejele EU in njene države članice, da bi preprečile in obvladale grožnjo, ki jo predstavlja vračanje tujih borcev. Ključne besede: Bližnji vzhod, Evropska unija, migracije, Sirija, Libija, tuji borci. Abstract: In 2016, but mainly in 2017 some positive changes happened in the crisis areas of the Middle East and North Africa. Encouraging event was the successful actions of Iraqi and Peshmerga forces supported by the western coalition against the so called Islamic State, the result is the loss of territory of the extremist organizations. The author analyzes the perspectives of the crisis areas, namely Iraq, Syria and Libya, referring to the effects of the unresolved migrant issue. Besides the two crisis zones, he also presents the situation of foreign fighters and the security risks posed by their return. He specifies the measures taken by the EU and its member states to avert and handle the threat represented by returning foreign fighters. Key words: Middle-East, European Union, migration, Syria, Libya, foreign fighters.