bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPACT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES ON MOTIVATION IN TOURISM
Authors: Risteska Jasmina
Published: December 2021

The accelerated dynamic development of information and communication technologies has led to significant changes in the functioning of the tourist sector and in the behavior of the tourists themselves. Modern technologies have imposed a new pace of operation of tourist subjects that with easier and closer access to end consumers and will offer a unique and new tourism product. Today tourists have the opportunity before the trip to get informed and get acquainted with distant and exotic tourist destinations, the way of reservation, travel, etc., which are of great interest. Internet technology has contributed to drastic changes in the notions of spatial distance and thus created a totally different mode of communication that is very different and superior to all that has ever been. With the development of new modern communications and technologies the interconnections between travel, the other economic sectors and society as a whole have become far more integrated. The tourism value is perceived by linking entities inside and outside the tourism sector in various combinations to create and exploit new opportunities. Tourists have a primary role in using social networking sites and mobile media in search of travel information and product purchases. In recent decades, the number of tourist trips has increased significantly as a result of the growing supply of tourist products and services. The important role of motivation in tourism is seen in the continuous increase in the number of tourist trips which on the other hand are very important for future development and places to visit. The added value to be extracted from tourism incentives driven by tourism motives lies in innovation, positioning, cultural links, international trade and exchange, social support, education, learning support for local communities, and so on. The application of social networks and technologies as smart phones have proven to be powerful tools in these efforts, as well as the desire to participate, the capacity to face challenges. Seeking new, unique experiences means trying new ways of living, eating and sleeping, discovering unfamiliar cultures or joining other people en masse at major events. This desire to gather, share intense experiences and learn creates the conditions for tourists to develop tolerance, cultural awareness and a better understanding of international relations.
ANALYSIS OF THERMAL PHENOMENA IN MILLING PROCESS
Authors: Mitrović Anđelija , Radović Maja
Published: December 2021

Milling is one of the most conventional machining processes used in the industry. The cutting edge of the mill tooth periodically enters and exits from the contact with the workpiece, which leads to periodic heating and cooling during machining. This process is influenced by many output parameters and one of the most important parameters is the temperature because it affects the tool wear and tool life. Also, during the milling process the cross-section of the chip is variable. Cutting tools are expensive and have a duration that is measured in minutes and therefore, predicting temperature and tool wear during the machining process is of the great importance for the understanding and optimization of process parameters. To determine cutting temperature or temperature fields in end milling different methods can be used. During the last decades various experimental methods were developed for measuring cutting temperature. Measuring temperature with infrared thermal imaging camera is most suitable method concerning capturing values of temperature fields. An experimental approach to studying the cutting process is expensive and time-consuming, especially when a wide range of tool geometry, material, and machining parameters are included. Because of these difficulties, alternative approaches such as mathematical simulations have been developed. Numerical methods are most commonly used in those mathematical simulations. In the research field of cutting process, the finite element method is regarded as a very useful tool to study the cutting process of materials. The aim of this paper is the modeling and simulation of milling predictive temperature in the cutting zone by using the finite element method. The right choice of finite element software is very important in determining the scope and quality of the analysis that will be performed. In order to predict the occurrence of thermal processing milling was used software package Third Wave AdvantEdge. AdvantEdge contains a user-friendly interface and offers the possibility of creating new tool and workpiece geometries within the program and also to import complex geometries form other CAD files. 3D model of the workpiece and end mill was created in the software package SolidWorks. AdvantEdge also allows users to import complex geometries and have extensive material library and allows specifying new materials uses adaptive meshing to increase the accuracy of solution. Workpiece material AISI 4340 steel and tool material Carbide-General were selected from the library of 3D materials. For proper cutting conditions we have presented the results of simulation-based on which the influence of feed per tooth on the temperature in the cutting zone is analyzed.
MODERN CATTLE SLAUGHTERING TECHNOLOGY AND ITS MEAT QUALITY
Authors: Rama Vlora , Joshevska Elena , Karapetkovska Hristova Vesna
Published: December 2021

Slaughter technology has changed dramatically over the past 30 years. Methods of handling the alive animal immediately prior to slaughter, methods of stunning, killing, early postmortem handling, and carcass treatment have all seen technological advancement. The primary factors driving changes in these technical aspects of cattle slaughter have been to increase efficiency of commercial operations and the improvement of carcass and meat quality. This research has been done with the aim of identifying the quality of meat, chemical composition and nutritional value of meat from animals slaughtered with modern technology. During this research we took three samples, at different points of the cattle carcass. Sample points are: 1. Spine; 2. Chest and 3. Thigh. The samples were taken fresh immediately after slaughter, while the distance from industry to laboratory was about 1 hour. The amount for a sample was about 300 gr.The samples were packaged with vacuum to avoid the contamination or any damage. The samples were analyzed in the chemistry laboratory at the Kosovo Food and Veterinary Agency. Samples analysis was made by Food Scan with these parameters: protein, fat, moisture and collagen. Based on the above results, we see that the sample of spine is richer in protein and fat and the sample of chest is richer in moisture. In the sample of thigh, all parameters are lower than in two other samples. Since the Kosovo state doesn't have yet any official regulations for the limits of these parameters, based on the literature we have used, we see that the first sample exceed the value of the fat because by 5.2 it should have up to 4.8 based on the reference values, while the second and third samples exceed the value of moisture because by 74-76 it should have up to 70-73. However, exceeded values are minimal and we can’t say that the meat is of poor quality. At the end of the analysis, we have come to the conclusion that meat samples that we analyzed, although in some cases they had exceeded the limits, but were minimal. This makes us realize that the quality of the meat is good. If, at the end of the analysis, we would result in a concentration of moisture beyond the limits, or any other parameters, in that case we can say that is not good quality of meat.The reason why these three samples were taken for analysis is that we wanted to do the research of the quality of the meat at different points of the cattle carcass because as we know that is difficult to determine the quality of the whole carcass taking just one sample.Many factors may affect the nutritional content of the meat; one of many factors is animal welfare and stress before slaughter. The results obtained give us a conclusion that the animal had no stress before slaughter, animal welfare was respected and the meat is of good quality and has nutritional value.
VITICULTURE AND WINERY IN REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA
Authors: Lazarevski Vasko
Published: December 2021

The existence of human civilization is inextricably linked to the existence of the vine. Evolution of vines (Vitis vinefeta) is measured by millions of years, where as the evolution of man, to the intelligent Homo sapiens, took hundreds thousands years. There fore, the fact that man has enjoyed and sweet vine fruits since primordial times in indisputable. The creation of the oldest civilizations marked the start of vine growing, the origin of viticulture. Today, viticulture is a whole science that studies the range and technology of viniculture. At the same time, viticulture implies a production activity - from the production of grape seedling material to grapes that as a raw material preserves life for yet another branch - winemaking. In Republic of North Macedonia, the grapevine began to grow under the domination of the Mediterranean civilizations, and the Roman Empire had the greatest influence. In the Byzantine period (until the 7th century) and in the time of Slavic domination the tradition of vine growing continues. In Christian religious customs wine was a symbol of the blood of Christ. During the Turkish Empire (from the 14th to the 20th century) viticulture and winemaking in Republic of North Macedonia experienced stagnation and a change in range. At this time, under the influence of Islamic religion, most varieties of tablecloth were grown. At the beginning of the 20th century, in Macedonia the grapevine is represented on an area of 30,000 ha that was completely destroyed by phylloxera until 1914. This is followed by the restoration of viticulture and the growth trend of the areas under the vine, reaching its maximum in 1981 when 38,759 ha were registered. The success of viticulture and winemaking, above all, is conditioned by the existence of favorable agro-ecological conditions, and those in the Republic of North Macedonia are precisely such and enable the smooth and quality cultivation of many varieties, both table and wine.
WORKS ON STRENGTHENING BRIDGE
Authors: Morina Naser
Published: December 2021

The summary covers inspection, assessment and recommendations of repair and strengthening works for bridge no. 34 on N2 Road, Pristina - Blace section.Load capacity calculations have been carried out based on the results from Desk Study and Detailed Inspection.Special load capacity assessments have been carried out in order to define the necessary traffic restrictions to be established in the period until the strengthening of the bridge has been completed.The findings of the detailed inspection are that the condition of the bridge is poor and rehabilitation is needed.Further the load capacity of the bridge, related to Euro codes for design of bridges, is estimated to be insufficient.
THE COSTUME OF FOUNDERS OF THE KREPIČEVAC MONASTERY
Authors: Frfulanović-Šomođi Dragana
Published: December 2021

In the late Middle Ages, upon the establishment of Turkish rule in the central Balkans and the former territory of the Serbian Despotism, the not so many endowments of local greats were raised, in which art, in a more modest way, was still nurtured in the spirit of the Byzantine tradition. The Krepicevac Monastery is an endowment to the history of little known Georgio, Jan's son, as it stands in fragments of a preserved inscription. There are also mentions of Zora and Manojlo, and it would be assumed that they are members of one family. The fresco composition of donors shows Georgio singled out for dominance, carrying the model of the temple in the hands he offers to the Virgin. It does not deviate from the set norms in the depictions of the endowers, whether they are local lords or members of high nobility. These portraits pay special attention to the clothes of the founders, which have some deviations from the known fashion of the medieval lords, as a result of the influence of new trends. The work originated with the idea of analyzing the clothing and jewelry of the tinsel and finding parallels with the clothing of endowers of the late XV and XVI centuries. Caftan is a new garment originated in the Eastern tradition. The richness of floral motifs and prints indicates of the more expensive fabrics of their garments preserved probably for the most festive occasions. The very act of donating, famous as the way of clothing, respects the canons in portraiture in paintings. It illustrates the power of this great local man and his family, who was well versed in the Christian tradition, but also in the fashion of their time.
OPPORTUNITIES OF HOLISTIC APPROACH IN REHABILITATION PRACTICE
Authors: Kasnakova Petya
Published: December 2021

Holistic Medicine examines man as a single entity with his bodily, psycho-emotional and spiritual needs. Each person is an individuality and represents a bioenergy system. A holistic approach to rehabilitation practices perceives a broader view of man, health, causes of illness and treatment process.The purpose of the study is to investigate the interest and attitude of rehabilitation students regarding alternative treatment modalities in rehabilitation practice.Material and Methods: The subject of the study are 57 students in the specialty „Rehabilitation” from the Medical College at the Medical University of Plovdiv, to whom a direct anonymous questionnaire was administered.Results and discussion: Interviewed students have a different relationship to alternative methods used in rehabilitation practice. Future rehabilitators are interested in holistic approaches in rehabilitation practice in 73,68%. With the accepting attitude are 56,14%, enthusiastic are 22,8% and 22% are skeptical about alternative therapies. In 68.42% have a desire to train in different methods of holistic therapy and apply them in rehabilitation practice.Conclusions: the knowledge, skills and competences of the rehabilitative care are directly linked to the practice of alternative therapies. Holistic learning and the practice of alternative methods are interrelated in rehabilitation practice. Training is needed on alternative methods of treatment to be included in medical education.
HEALTH OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN- SOME MEDICAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS
Authors: Bakova Desislava , Petkova-Gueorguieva Elina , Gueorguiev Stanislav , Madzharov Vasil
Published: December 2021

In contemporary society child health is perceived as socially significant and its promotion and care includes knowledge from the psychological, pedagogical, social, medical and biological sciences. The overall children’s upbringing is aimed at promoting a healthy and active way of life. An essential aspect of preschool upbringing is the care for physical health and mental well-being. The present article discusses some medical and social aspects related to healthcare of preschool children. Some of the most important aspects of promoting the health of preschool children are physical activity, personal hygiene and body conditioning. Furthermore, the healthy lifestyle of the parents is of crucial importance. The child undergoes an important part of his/her development until the age of 7 which is related to his/her physical health as well as to his/her personal traits. This imposes the necessity for creating a solid background of knowledge and skills to lead a healthy lifestyle.
STUDY OF STATIC STRENGTH STABILITY OF THE ABDOMINAL, TRUNK AND GLUTEAL MUSCLES OF CHILDREN IN PRE-SCHOOL AGE WITH OVERWEIGHT
Authors: Pavlova Vanya , Paskaleva Ruska , Ivanova Violeta , Peeva Katya
Published: December 2021

The increasing incidence of overweight and obese pre-school children is a serious medical and social problem for almost all countries [10]. There is also a need for starting prevention from the earliest possible age. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of infant weight on the static-strength stability of the abdominal, trunk, and gluteal muscles in normal and overweight children. Study cohort:104 children at 5 to 6 years of age for the period 2017-2018 at the territory of the Stara Zagora municipality. A modified Kraus-Weber test according to V. Zhelev, L. Venova was applied to determine the static-strength stability of the trunk, abdominal and gluteal muscles. The study found an increase in the strength of the abdominal, trunk and gluteal muscles with age in the study group. Girls exhibited better static strength of abdominal flexors, gluteal muscles and trunk extensors than boys. The presence of an indirect, weak statistical relationship between the infant's weight and the strength of the flexors of the abdomen and hip joint, the trunk extensors and the lower limb extensors is demonstrated.
MORINGA OLEIFERA - FOOD AND MEDICINE FOR THE MODERN WORLD - MINI REVIEW
Authors: Ilieva Vasilka
Published: December 2021

The Challenges of Modernity - Stress, Obesity, Socially Significant Diseases require the search for opportunities for prevention and treatment through sources of nature. In the food chain of modern man there is a total shortage of "living photons" from the sun, nutrients supplied by primordial sources residing in the natural environment, giving the cell both nutritional and energy resources and information from the living environment of the plant world. Overweight, metabolic syndrome and the resulting complications such as hypertension, atherosclerosis and diabetes have been proven to be linked to the modern diet. It is a source of substances that support inflammatory processes in the body. Hippocrates has also said that food is our medicine. The Moringa oleifera plant has features that attract the attention of science from different fields. Moringa oleifera is grown in tropical and subtropical regions at an altitude of 0 to 2000 meters. The plant prefers well-drained clay and sandy soils. The birthplace of Moringa oleifera is the southern foothills of the Himalayas. The plant is widely cultivated in India. The leaders in the Moringa industry are Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. It is also cultivated in Africa, Thailand, the Philippines, Indonesia, Haiti and Taiwan, Southeast Asia, some US states, including Hawaii and various countries in Oceania, as well as in Peru, Paraguay, the Pacific, the Caribbean and South America. Traditionally, in these areas, the plant is used as food and medicine. In many poor regions, Moringa oleifera is a food source of proteins, vitamins and minerals. Moringa oleifera is used in traditional medicine in many societies as a medicine. The Ayurvedic healing system uses the plant to treat 300 diseases. In addition to food and medicine, Moringa oleifera is used to purify water in areas without drinking water sources, to produce oil that is used as a lubricant, as well as in paint. In ancient Egypt, it was prized for its moisturizing properties and later used by the Romans. It is known as a cosmetic for skin rejuvenation and production of perfumes and soaps. Moringa oleifera can be considered an important functional food - a source of substances important to the human body. The unusual properties and wide application of the plant in various fields of human life are of high scientific interest. The ability of Moringa oleifera to influence many of the present-day disease states has been proven. Almost all parts from Moringa can be used as a source for nutrition with other useful values.It has antioxidant properties, which are the basis of anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer effects, anti-dyslipidemic effect, effects of type 2 diabetes, anti-asthmatic, antibacterial, neuroprotective effect.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOMATOTYPOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF CHILDREN INVOLVED IN VARIOUS SPORTS ACTIVITIES
Authors: Krumova-Tsoncheva Kaloyana
Published: December 2021

In recent years, many scientific studies have been published about the impact of physical activity and sports activities on adolescent children. Modern lifestyles, modern internet communications, busy school curricula and non-classroom activities reduce adolescents' exercise time, limit their movement as a whole, as well as their participation in sports activities, and thus reduce their overall physical activity.Many scientific researches and observations show the favourable influence of regular sports activities on the physical, functional and personal development of adolescents. The biochemical and biomechanical properties of the musculoskeletal system are being improved.Regular motoric effects on the child’s growing organism lead to significant changes in the somatotypological parameters. Somatotype characterizes the structure of the body at some point in its development. Individual sports and sports disciplines have different effects on the somatotypic characteristics of adolescent athletes. The means and methods used affect different muscle groups differently and prioritise and reduce body fat.That is why we have set ourselves the goal of identifying and comparing the impact of different physical activity on the structural (somatotypological) indicators of 9-10 year old children.To accomplish our goal, we set out the following tasks:1. Determination of somatotype of children 9-10 years of age engaged in gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics and other sports and sports games2. Comparative analysis of the somatotypological indicators of children involved in different sports at 9-10 years of age.
DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES IN MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Radeva Svetlana
Published: December 2021

The management of human resources is the main function of management in the organization. This defines the nature and the development of the Organization as a whole, modifies people's management in the working process to steer them towards the goals that the organization sets itself. The effective management of human resources requires the elaboration of clear strategies for the development of staff, managers with values and patterns of behaviour, corresponding to the stated values of the organization, who understand the significant effect of improving work to improve the human resources system in order to achieve better results. In order to achieve the objectives of an organization such as the Specialized Hospital of obstetrics and gynecology for active treatment Varna (SHOGAT), the leaders of each level need to know the theoretical-methodological foundations of the staff motivation, the legal framework for the action; To know and guide conflict resolution in hospital sectors. Knowing the patterns of motivation, the management raised the 100% satisfaction of its employees by improving the jobs and renovating the building stock. Managers in the medical institution work in the direction of engaging the personnel in the curative and diagnostic process, as well as in participating in the training process of the future cadres. This helps to plan labour resources on hospital structures and to select staff.The management and development of human resources is aimed at implementing the decision and implies forming in the managing system (the supervisors) the ability to properly influence the managed system (health teams) in order to ensure that the task is implemented by using the most effective methods and means.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE PRESENCE OF LACTOBACILLUS IN SALIVA AND DENTAL CARIES IN CHILDREN WITH PERMANENT DENTITION
Authors: Naskova Sanja , Dimova Cena , Zlatanovska Katerina
Published: December 2021

Despite the scientific and technological evolution, dental caries is still one of the leading health concerns throughout the world that affects population groups from all ages, especially school children. There are numerous etiological factors for dental caries, from which most are confirmed etiological factors, but still many remain to be researched to their full extend. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether there is a significant inverse association between the intensity of dental caries and the bacterial strains of Lactobacillus. Lactobacilli were the first microorganisms to be linked and mentioned as causes of dental caries. Numerous authors have suggested that the number of lactobacilli in saliva is a better criterion than that of Streptococcus mutans, although it is considered to be closely correlated with caries. The randomly selected children from the primary schools in the city of Stip were observed for the realization of the goals. In our examination we included 71 examiners from both genders at the age of 12 years (permanent dentition) of which 31 examiners were with DMFT = 0 (control group) and 40 examiners were with DMFT (study group). We selected an age group of 12 years following WHO recommendations that recommends that age for global dental caries monitoring and applies only to children with permanent dentition. In the study we used the generally accepted index of the presence or absence of a Klein - Palmer index caries process, designated as DMFT. According to the clinical trial data, we determined the intensity (presence / absence) of dental caries (WHO, Geneve, 1997). Lactobacilli in saliva were determined by diagnostic test CRT-bacteria (Vivadent, Schaan, Lihtenstein).Between the existence of Lactobacillus in the saliva and the existence of dental caries there is a significant correlation (p<0,01). The parameters which we included in the study can give a scientific contribution in the preparation of strategies for the individual assessment of the dental caries risk, from which the dentists can act on solving the problem with actions focused on the individual risk factors responsible for dental caries, while using methods which include assessment of the clinical criteria in the detection of the early phases of evolution of dental caries and designing protocols that can be used in dental caries preventive and interceptive measures based on the dental caries status which implies educative, chemical and minimally invasive procedures. We can conclude that most of the salivary parameters can be successfully used for caries screening and that they are the most appropriate means of providing good oral care that feeds thechildren to healty life.
USE OF OZONE IN RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS
Authors: Kovacevska Ivona , Longurova Natasa
Published: December 2021

The use of ozone in dentistry was suggested because of its antimicrobial, disinfectant, biocompatibility and therapeutic properties. In the last decade, the number of therapeutic ozone fluids has been detected to present frequent dental infections associated with periodontal disease, endodontic treatments and cavities. Despite these advantages, ozone therapy in dentistry is limited due to possible side effects. Therefore, dentists should know about the proper use of ozone therapy that can provide better patient care and significantly reduce the time and costs of treatment. The ozone is successfully used in the field of medicine in developed countries and in our country. Its powerful anti-inflammatory properties, along with the favorable cellular and humoral immune response, makes the ozone effective in therapeutic purposes. Also, his ability to stop, or to make a reversion of the caries phases in a predictable way, opened a new chapter in minimal invasive dentistry.This study is based on searching information through valid textbooks, reviews, journals and medline / pubmed.Since its introduction in 1840, the use of ozone has proven to be a new therapeutic modality of great benefit to patients. The powerful antimicrobial efficacy of ozone, along with its capacity to stimulate the circulatory system and modulate the immune response, makes it a therapeutic agent of choice in the treatment of medical pathologies and infectious oral diseases. The use of ozone is an easy and painless modality of treatment. The effect of ozone is double and at the same time; it generates direct reactions at the molecular level in the medium in which it is released and indirectly destroys the bacteria by producing free radicals. It is generally accepted that ozone oxidation begins with the destruction of cell walls and cytoplasmic membranes of microorganisms; after damage to the membrane permeability increases and ozone molecules can easily enter the cells. In dentistry, most of the published articles are based on the antimicrobial effects of ozone present in the treatment of cavities.Ozone therapy is more favorable than the existing conventional therapeutic modalities that follow the minimally invasive application in dental treatment. Ozone is a promising modality for treating various teeth problems in the future. But at present, the ozone is addition to the already existing conventional modalities of dental treatment and should be used in combination until more research shows the benefit of its use alone.
ORAL SURGERY TREATMENT OF RADICULAR CYST
Authors: Rogoleva Sonja , Dimova Cena
Published: December 2021

Cysts are pathological formations that develop in the bone tissue or in the soft tissues of the upper and lower jaw. Reasons for their formation are many and varying, depending on the type. Cysts are usually caused due to root infection involving tooth decay. Untreated dental caries then allow bacteria to reach the level of the pulp, causing infection. The bacteria gains access to the periapical region of the tooth through deeper infection of the pulp, traveling through the roots. The resulting pulpal necrosis causes proliferation of epithelial rests of Malassez which release toxins at the apex of the tooth. The body's inflammatory response will attack the source of the toxins, leading to periapical inflammation. The main condition for their formation is presence of epithelial tissue on the place where the new cyst will be developed. Radicular cyst treatment and the access to them can be very variable and it depends on many different factors. The most important of them are the patient’s condition, the therapy opportunities and the intraoperative parameters.The methods of treatment and the type of surgical procedure that will be chosen depend on the size of the cyst, its location and also the pathological formation. Radicular cysts and other bone lesions in many cases cause huge bone loss therefore risk of bone fracture. Also some of the bone lessions are biologically active and they can cause bone destruction if they are not removed correctly and on time. That's why these days bone grafts are used when the defect is big. About the oral surgery treatment, a survey was conducted to define the modern surgical techniques for radicular cysts remove. This study was conducted to evaluate the contemporary oral surgical treatments that are used for treating radicular bone cysts. The study has taken place in a specialized dental office for oral surgery, using questionnaire, clinical examinations and paraclinical examination techniques. The results have shown that radicular cysts are mostly developed in the older adults and more often on the teeth in the transcanine sector. About the symptoms found in the patients, they had experienced mostly pain and swell, rarely fistula and tooth discoloring. The analyze of the data has shown that most often treatment options for radicular cysts are cystectomy with apicotomy and cystectomy with extraction. In the cases treated with apicotomy, intraoperative canal filling was also used. Bone grafting was used rarely, dependently on the patients’ requests. Postoperative, patients have experienced pain and swelling in the first 24 hours after the treatment. The survey and the results collected from it can be used to makea better evaluation and better therapy planning for the radical cysts. Firstly to achieve better results in the tissue consolidation, also to have bigger satisfaction of the treated patients that depends on the postoperative parameters such as pain, swelling or some others consequences of the treatment.
THE INFLUENCE OF HYPERPROLACTINEMIA ON THE LEVEL OF ESTRADIOL AND PROGESTERONE IN WOMEN
Authors: Spasov Mire , Spasovа Verica , Spasov Hristijan , Ajeti Valjdrina
Published: December 2021

Prolactin is a polypeptide hormone that is synthesized and secreted by specialized cells in the adenohypophysis called lactotrophs.Excretion of prolactin from lactotrophs is regulated by neurohormones or neurotransmitters who are secreted in the hypothalamus, and they have a stimulating or inhibiting role in its secretion.By maintaining a balance in the excretion of these factors, the level of prolactin concentration in the serum is within normal reference limits.Disruption of dopamine excretion as the strongest inhibitor of prolactin secretion increases the level of prolactin, a condition known as hyperprolactinaemia. A prolonged increase in prolactin levels in serum, in the absence of pregnancy or lactation is referred to as pathological hyperptopectinemia, which is most common in women. Physiological conditions in which an increased level of prolactin appears, and which are not a disease, are pregnancy, breast-feeding, nipple stimulation, physical activity, stress condition, longer-term sleep, and more.The aim of the study was to determine the level of prolactin in the group of patients with confirmed hyperprolactinaemia, compared with the control group of patients, and at the same time to analyze the influence of hyperprolactinemia on the level of ovarian steroids, estradiol, and progesterone in the hyperprolactinemic group of patients,in relation to the control group. Patients aged 25-35 years with pre-established hyperprolactinaemia were examined. Prolactin, estradiol and progesterone were examined. Patients were divided into three groups, a control group of patients with values for prolactin within the limits of the reference, a group of patients with diagnosed hyperprolactinaemia,that is an elevated level of prolactin and a group under the therapy with Bromergon or Dostinex.Our results suggest that in hyperprolactinemia the concentration of prolactin in patients is significantly increased in relation to the control group, but after treatment with Dostinex or Bromergon in the treated group of patients, the level of prolactin significantly decreases to concentrations close to the control group. In hyperprolactinemic patients, the serum estradiol level was significantly reduced with respect to the control group, but with the application of antiprolactin therapy the concentration significantly increased to levels close or higher compared to the control group. The value of progesterone in hyperprolactinemic patients is significantly reduced in relation to the control group, but in the treated group of patients with Bromergon or Dostinex there is a significant increase in progesterone in the serum to levels that are slightly higher compared to the values for progesterone from the control group.
DEEP WOUND INFECTIONS (MEDIASTINITIS) AFTER OPEN HEART SURGERY
Authors: Stoev Hristo , Dimitrov Konstantin
Published: December 2021

Deep wound infections are a serious complication after open heart surgery and are directly related to patient survival both in the short and long term. Despite prevention, their appearance continues to be significant - 0.5% - 6.8% and the associated in-hospital mortality ranges from 7% to 35%. Analysis of the clinical material concerning the development of mediastinitis after cardiac surgery with total median sternotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass, reporting the results from the applied surgical methods, as well as consideration of prevention options, such as biomarkers – procalcitonin (PCT) and C-Reactive protein (CRP), and early diagnosis of these potentially life-threatening complications. The report presents 7- year experience of the Cardiac surgery department with prophylaxis, diagnosis and treatment of patients who develop deep wound infections after open heart surgery covering the period of January 2011 to January 2018. For this period 4563 patient with different types of cardiac pathology we operated, 94 (2.06%) of them developed deep wound infection. Patients are divided into groups depending on the type of surgery – CABG, valve correction, aortic surgery or combined procedures. The study is retrospective, and the clinical data used is from the hospital records. Sex ratio is 1,5:1 – males/females. The mean age for both sexes is 67.5 years. In hospital mortality was evaluated - 22.34% (21 patients). In 100 of the patients PCT and CRP were tested during the first postoperative day. 15 of them PCT was more 2 ng/ml and 9 (60%) patients developed deep wound infection. In all these patients, bacterial agent was isolated from wound and vacuum-assisted therapy was used. In 2 cases we used titanium plates for sternal reconstruction along with mobilization of omentum majus. Despite the progress of surgical techniques and the minimally invasive techniques, the rate of development of deep wound infections remains relatively high. The use of vancomycin paste, gentamicin-impregnated sponges, reducing the use of sternal wax and excessive cauterization of tissues seems to be a preventive measure. Evaluation of PCT And CRP on POD-1 proves to be an effective prognostic marker for the development of infectious complications. The data presented in the report is comparable to those reported in the world literature. Open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary by-pass leads to a risk of developing mediastinitis. Improved surgical techniques and research on specific biomarkers could reduce the development of this life-threatening complications.
FEBRILE CONDITION IN 23-YEAR OLD PREGNANT WOMAN
Authors: Ivanov Asen , Gonovski Todor , Stoev Hristo
Published: December 2021

A 23-year-old woman in her 29th gestation week of pregnancy was admitted in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department with symptoms of fever, dyspnea and shortness of breath. The blood test examinations showed significant leukocytosis and elevated c-reactive protein levels. Transthoracic(TT) echocardiography was performed showing severe mitral valve regurgitation with posterior cusp destruction confirming the diagnosis of infective endocarditis. The condition of the patient significantly deteriorated, and she was urgently transferred to the Cardiovascular Surgery Department for an emergent surgical treatment. She was admitted in the Intensive Care Unit with clinical signs of severe septic shock and severe left heart insufficiency. A consultation of gynaecologist was performed and fetal death in utero from fetal ultrasonography was diagnosed. A decision for an emergent simultaneous operation was taken. During the anesthesia induction the patient developed severe circulatory shock needing a cardiopulmonary resuscitation which restored the spontaneous circulation after one minute. At first, before heparinization sectio parva was performed confirming the diagnosis of fetal death. During the cardiac operation after the cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) institution, mitral valve replacement and inspection of the tricuspid valve was performed. The CPB was discontinued with three catecholamine support. In the postoperative period she was febrile with severe multiple organ system failure(MOSF) manifestation, generalized single tonic-clonic seizure and in the following hours three seizures with focal onset(muscle contractions in the right facial half) were observed. On the postoperative day(POD) 2 she developed clinical signs of blue discoloration of the distal phalanx of the left foot. Doppler ultrasound examination showed subtle pulsations on the left dorsal pedal artery. Ultrahemofiltration with antiseptic filter was performed for cytokine removal. In the following days the condition of the patient improved. She was extubated on POD 4, transferred to the post-operative department on POD 7 and discharged on POD 23. Despite advances in medicine, the treatment of the infective endocarditis is associated with high mortality and complication rates. Multidisciplinary collaboration is crucial for achieving the best outcome.
PARÂMETROS CINÉTICOS DE PRODUÇÃO DE GÁS IN VITRO DE DIFERENTES GENÓTIPOS DE CAPIM-ELEFANTE (Pennisetum purpureum SCHUM.)
Authors: Aguiar Rodrigues Janderson , Gonçalves de Abreu Joadil , Lima Correa Abreu Matheus , Matheus Barros Assis Lucas , Tousube da Rocha Natalia , Batista de Souza Júnior Vicente , Fellipe Nunes Xavier Maxuel
Published: December 2021

Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar modelos matemáticos comparando os parâmetros cinéticos na produção de gás in vitro em diferentes genótipos de capim-elefante. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizados com três repetições com cincos tratamentos que foram os genótipos de capim-elefante (BRS Canará, Napier, Vruckwona, Cameroon e CNPGL 93-41-1) com idade de maturidade de rebrota aos 45 dias. O inóculo ruminal foi obtido através de dois bois Nelores machos inteiros mantidos em piquetes formados por Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, no período seco do ano. As incubações foram consecutivas mensurando as leituras de pressão de produção de gás realizadas em 2; 4; 6; 8; 10; 12; 19; 24; 36; 48; 60; 72; 84 e 96 horas. A determinação da cinética de produção de gases foi testada dois modelos não lineares que são: Monomolecular e o Logístico. Onde foram estimados o volume final ( /mL), taxa média de produção de gás ( /h-1), o tempo de latência de produção ( /h) e o tempo médio de digestão (TMD/h-1). Os modelos testados, o Logístico com latência apresentou melhor ajuste para todos os perfis das cultivares. A cultivar BRS Canará e CNPGL 93-41-1 e Wrockwona, apresentam estimativas dos parâmetros cinéticos de produção de gás semelhantes e melhores aos comparados das cultivares Cameroon e Napier.
PSEUDO-HERMAFRODITISMO MASCULINO EM CAPRINO (Capra aegagrus hircus Linnaeus, 1758) RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Soares Oliveira Jefferson Bruno , Ferreira Neto José Vicente , Soares de Araujo José Allan
Published: December 2021

Anomalias de intersexo são relatadas em diversas espécies animais. Tal fato resulta de falhas durante o desenvolvimento embrionário e fetal, originando animais hermafroditas verdadeiros e pseudo-hermafroditas. Com este trabalho objetivou-se relatar um caso de pseudo- hermafroditismo masculino em caprino ocorrido no município de Manaus – AM. Devido ao crescimento da pecuária no relacionada ao segmento correspondente a criação de caprinos, torna-se essencial para o sucesso da atividade que falhas no manejo reprodutivo sejam corrigidas haja visto que a ocorrência de intersexualidade em caprinos está relacionada principalmente ao caráter mocho dos animais ligados a fatores hereditários. O presente trabalho relata o caso de um caprino mocho, que apresentava- se ao exame clínico, morfologicamente como sendo do sexo feminino, com presença de estrutura vulvar anormal. Ao realizar o estudo anatômico, através da dissecação das estruturas, observou-se órgãos que se assemelhavam tanto aos femininos quanto aos masculinos, com presença de testículos intra-abdominal e órgão apresentando-se semelhante ao útero. Para a correta identificação destes órgãos efetuaram-se estudos histológicos, com a identificação correta e características de cada segmento analisado. De acordo com as estruturas encontradas foi possível diagnosticar o animal como tratando-se de um caso de pseudo-hermafroditismo masculino.
Modern Arap Romanı Araştırmalarına Dair Bir Öneri Çalışması
Authors: ZOR Salih , ARSLAN Adnan
Published: December 2021

Özellikle 2000’li yıllardan itibaren Arap üniversitelerinde yapılan modern Arap romanı incelemelerinde hatırı sayılır bir artış gözlemlenmektedir. Önceleri daha ziyade filoloji ve klasik edebiyat konularını inceleyen alan araştırmacıları, son yirmi yıldır Arapların divanı haline gelen roman türü eserlerin irdelenmesine ilgi göstermektedir. Arap ülkelerinde on yıllarca totaliter rejimlerin baskısı altında kalan Arap entelektüellerinin seslerini yükseltebildikleri bir alan olarak işlev görev roman türü çalışmaları, kaleme alındığı coğrafyanın sosyopolitik yapısını yansıttığı için sadece edebiyatçıların değil psikoloji ve sosyoloji gibi diğer bilim dalları araştırmacılarının da dikkatini çekmektedir. Arap romanı, son yıllarda ülkemizde de Arap edebiyatı araştırmacılarının ilgisine mazhar olmuştur. İlk zamanlarda daha ziyade Mısır romanına gösterilen akademik ilgi, son yıllarda başta Cezayir ve Arabistan romanı gibi diğer Arap ülke edebiyatlarına da yönelmiştir. Pek çok genç akademisyen adayı lisansüstü tez çalışmasına değer bir roman yazarı bulmak için araştırmalar yapmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Arap dünyasında, romanlarındaki sanatsal başarı ve etki gücüyle haklı bir üne kavuşmuş fakat ülkemizde pek de tanınmayan bazı roman yazarları, temayüz ettikleri yönleriyle tanıtılmıştır. Sadece takdim değil aynı zamanda bu roman yazarlarının eserlerinin hangi açıda incelemeye tabi tutulabileceği ile ilgili tavsiyelerde de bulunulmuştur.
Rûyânî ve Bahru'l-Mezheb Adlı Eseri
Authors: YAŞAR Mehmet Aziz
Published: December 2021

Şâfiî mezhebinin ikinci döneminde yer alan hicrî V. yy. da yetişen önemli simalardan biri Ebü’l-Mehâsin er-Rûyânî’dir. Dönemin önemli ilim merkezlerine seyahatler yaparak birçok Şâfiî fukahâsından ders alan Rûyânî, Şâfiî mezhebine derin bir vükufiyet elde etmiştir. Zamanın Şâfiî’si olarak anılan Rûyânî, medrese ve camilerde ders vererek çok sayıda âlim yetiştirmiştir. Bunun yanında Şâfiî fıkhına yönelik çalışmalar yaparak Şâfiî mezhebinin gelişiminde önemli katkılar sunmuştur. Bu çalışmaları arasında en çok dikkat çeken ise Baḥrü’l-meẕheb fî fürûʿı meẕheb adlı eseridir. Müellifinin ününü geçerek hak ettiği şöhrete ulaşan eserde, mezhep içi ihtilaflara yer verilmesinin yanında diğer mezheplerin görüşlerine de yer verilmiştir. Bu anlamda da eser, hem mezhep içi hem de mezhepler arası mukayeseli bir çalışma niteliğini kazanmıştır. Makalemizde Rûyânî’nin kısa biyografisinden sonra Baḥrü’l-meẕheb adlı eseri farklı açılardan incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda eserin içerik ve tasnifine ana hatlarıyla değinildikten sonra istifade ettiği kaynaklar ve eserde izlenen metod tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ardından eserin mezhepteki konumu de ele alınmıştır.
Yapay Embriyo Üzerindeki Müdahalelerin İslam Hukuku Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ALKIŞ Alpaslan , TABAK Tayyibe
Published: December 2021

İslam hukuku açısından embriyo üzerinde yapılan müdahalenin meşruluğu, insan yaşamının ne zaman başladığı sorusunun cevabıyla yakından ilgilidir. Zira bir şeyin insan olmasıyla olmaması arasında sonuca etki yapacak önemli farklar bulunmaktadır. Söz konusu soruya, döllenme, embriyonun anne rahmine tutunması, ruhun üflenmesi, ceninin uzuvlarının belirginleşmesi veya kalbinin çalışmaya başlaması gibi farklı cevaplar verildiği görülmektedir. Cevapların değişkenliği sebebiyle embriyoya müdahalenin meşruluğu da tartışmalı bir mesele olmaya devam etmektedir. Embriyoya müdahale açısından döllendirilmiş sperm ve yumurtaların gen dizilimine (gen kalitesine) karar verme, yumurtayı dölleyecek olan spermin taşıdığı kromozom çeşidini seçme (cinsiyet tayini), kök hücre tedavisinde kullanılmak üzere embriyo elde edilmesi ya da herhangi bir yolla elde edilen embriyonun bu tür tedavi ya da çalışmalarda kullanımı, dondurulmuş embriyoların imhası gibi hususlar çalışmada hukuk, etik ve dini yönden tartışılmıştır. Söz konusu meselelere İslam hukukunun yaklaşımı klasik ve modern çalışmalar ışığında incelenerek sonuca varılmaya çalışılmıştır.