Genesis of Antibiotic Resistance (AR) XLII Multiple risk factors induced selection pressure enhance AR
Authors: Escobedo Julio , Soto Elsa , Mendoza Jonathan , Barrientos April , Chavez Norma , Perez Ashley , Martinez Thaliza , Riojas Robert , Kannan Subburaj 
Published: June 2021

The agrarian community of the Texas Department of State Health Services Region 8 (TXHSR8) is subjected to exposure to a variety of risk factors causing susceptibility to infectious disease such as a. Socioeconomic disparities in access to the reasonable antibiotics and preventive medicine, b. Low wind flow induced spread of antibiotic resistance genes across the region, c. Wastewater storage from the fracking sites across the HSR8, d. Waterborne infectious diseases from Rio Grande River basin, e. Multinational without appropriate health check, delivering babies in the regional healthcare facilities, f. annual migrant worker flow across the region to northern prairies and repatriation: 4,241 migrants / 2017–18 fiscal year, g. Floating population across the U.S – Mexico border crossing: Weekly border crossings average 72,900, adding 150,000 people to the Eagle Pass‐Piedras Negras population, h. Live stocks shipment across the border from Mexico to the United States, i. Produce / Processed food shipment across the U.S – Mexico border crossing: ex: approximately 119, 000 – 145,000 trucks, estimated 5.8 million pounds of produce per annum, j. vector‐borne disease, and k. Multinational workforce crossing across the U.S‐Mexico. As per the McDonald–Kreitman test, using a two‐way contingency table, where Ds = the number of synonymous substitutions per gene, Dn = the number of non‐synonymous substitutions per gene, Ps = the number of synonymous polymorphisms per gene, Pn = the number of non‐synonymous polymorphisms per gene, applying the selection pressure imparted by aforesaid factors affecting agrarian community of TXHSR8, we predict that Dn/Ds > Pn/Ps less variation within the population but significant difference between rest of the community implying a divergence and a positive selection also referred to as directional selection. Applying the preceding contributing factors to determine the beneficial effect of the mutation that Ka/Ks ratio would be significantly above one indication that selects few mutations would be helpful for the survival of the agrarian community. Taken together, it is suggested that factors above play a significant role in ‘Genetic Drift” (flow of genes across the population) through mutation. Subsequently, the agrarian community is better adapted in responding to the changes impinging upon the gene pool that would be the best fit for the survival. As per “Cladistics” agrarian community –TXHSR8 represent a “paraphyletic clade” with “shared derived character” unique to this particular clade. Evolutionary factors such as “Maximum parsimony” assumes that the agrarian community –TXHSR8 that requires the fewest evolutionary events would have maximum likelihood alteration in antibiotic resistance genes (ARG). Evolutionary factors such as “Maximum parsimony” assumes that the agrarian community –TXHSR8 that requires the fewest evolutionary events would have maximum likelihood alteration in ARG.

Support or Funding Information

Supported by the Professional Development Funds by SWTJC to Subburaj Kannan

This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.