bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When Accurate Information Harms People
Authors: Kamada Hitoshi
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered the generation of a large amount of information not just directly about the virus but also about its various societal impacts. This paper describes the atmosphere that the pandemic has created in the Japanese society and examines the information spread about infection clusters. Besides misinformation and disinformation, the paper highlights another problem in information dissemination during this pandemic. Regardless of the legitimate intention of reporting this type of information, people reacted by blaming or discriminating against those who were associated with clusters. The information on infection clusters has brought to the surface the privacy issues and has brought attention to emerging issues that concern information and media literacy. Understanding how people interact with information in a particular social or cultural setting, not just from an objective but also from an emotional perspective, becomes more important for enhancing people’s information literacy.
Voting in New Zealand local government elections: the need to encourage greater voter turnout
Authors: Asquith Andy , Webster Karen , Cardow Andrew
Published: July 2021

Within a global context, local government in New Zealand occupies an enviable position: it enjoys both a statutorily-defined ‘power of general competence’ and financial autonomy from central government. However, despite this, voter turnout rates in New Zealand local elections continue to fall as ever fewer New Zealanders engage in this fundamental act of civic engagement. This review article examines the decline in voting over the last four New Zealand local government elections (2010/13/16/19). It aims to do three things: plot the decline; identify and analyse the causes of this decline; and suggest ways in which the decline might be countered. The authors reach the conclusion that local government in New Zealand is at a crossroads – it will either be rejuvenated as a source of local democracy and prosper, or decline into an administrative arm of central government.
Neoliberalismo y globalización
Authors: Lbisate Francisco Javier
Published: July 2021

El neoliberalismo cobra fuerza, no sólo en razón de la desintegración política y descomposición económica de los socialismos reales, sino porque se fundamenta en las fuerzas motrices de la nueva revolución tecnológica. La "cultura de la exclusión", agravada por la simbiosis del neoliberalismo y la globalización, saca de la escena económica a muchedumbres de mano de obra, a miles de empresas productivas, a Estados conformistas y debilita la misma identidad nacional. Somos mundos y países tan diferentes y tan distanciados, cultural y económicamente, que sólo una vía no nos podría congregar a todos. Lo importante es que haya creatividad, sin imperios ideológicos.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 53, No. 600, 1998: 893-908.
Líneas de pobreza y canastas de hambre en Zipitío
Authors: Selva Sutter Ernesto A.
Published: July 2021

En este artículo se pone de manifiesto que el método para medir la pobreza en los países desarrollados, la línea de pobreza, es inequitativo y manipulable. En la base de la cuantificación de la relación entre el ingreso, la alimentación y la pobreza, establecida por este método, es donde se encuentran los primeros trazos de inequidad y la posibilidad para la manipulación. Para conocer la verdadera situación del país, se deberían construir líneas de pobreza específicas, que reflejaran las circunstancias económicas y sociales propias. En este contexto, el autor considera que es prioritario el desarrollo de una política alimentaria y nutricional, la resolución del problema de vivienda, así como la aplicación de políticas redistributivas, destinadas a cambiar la estructura de poder y la acumulación de recursos y ganancias.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 56, No. 636, 2001: 933-953.
Pandillas y capital social
Authors: Cruz José Miguel
Published: July 2021

El artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación diseñada para identificar los factores sociales y económicos que posibilitan la aparición de pandillas en una comunidad. El estudio se hizo en tres municipios salvadoreños en base a un sondeo de hogares. Los resultados muestran que la confianza entre los ciudadanos, la existencia de espacios de encuentro públicos y la poca desigualdad en los ingresos de los hogares de una comunidad, constituyen los factores más decisivos en la explicación de la aparición de las pandillas juveniles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 56, No. 637-638, 2001: 1099-1118.
Ellacuría
Authors: Montoya Aquiles
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 56, No. 637-638, 2001: 1139-1143.
El proceso de cambio y las elecciones internas en el FMLN
Authors: Artiga-González Álvaro
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 56, No. 637-638, 2001: 1144-1153.
World terror center y la actual crisis mundial
Authors: Ribera Ricardo
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 56, No. 637-638, 2001: 1162-1165.
Análisis de la coyuntura económica
Authors: Goitia Rodrigo , Gonzáles Sara , Lazo Marín Francisco , Vega Lilian
Published: July 2021

Este análisis de la coyuntura económica del segundo semestre del año 2001 parte de la tendencia del crecimiento económico desde inicios de la década de los noventa y de su capacidad para acercarse al pleno empleo, a la baja inflación y a tasas de crecimiento aceptables y así transitar la senda del desarrollo, a mediano y largo plazo. la tendencia del crecimiento económico sería la piedra de toque de la eficiencia del modelo económico gubernamental, es decir, el parámetro con el cual calificar como exitoso o no al modelo económico lanzado desde inicios de los años noventa. La "coyuntura" actual acumula los efectos de las políticas económicas aplicadas a lo largo de la década y preludia la evolución que se puede esperar en el futuro. Se presenta, asimismo, el análisis de los diversos sectores de la economía, con la lógica ya apuntada y la evolución actual de los diferentes sectores, con sus equilibrios o desequilibrios. Es importante dar seguimiento al accionar de la política económica, pues, las acciones que se tomen (o no se tomen) indican las pautas económicas que se pueden esperar.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 57, No. 639-640, 2002: 19-47.
2001
Authors: Brand Sergio , González Luis Armando
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 57, No. 639-640, 2002: 95-100.
Posición del FMLN a 10 años de la firma del Acuerdo de Paz
Authors: Editor El
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 57, No. 639-640, 2002: 159-161.
La prensa y su desempeño en 2001
Authors: Peraza Xiomara
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 57, No. 641-642, 2002: 302-311.
Reforma de salud reivindicativa, democrática y con enfoque público
Authors: Selva Sutter Ernesto A.
Published: July 2021

Los efectos adversos de la crisis política, económica y social, incluida la polarización de las fuerzas políticas, han abierto un espacio para discurir propuestas de reforma del sector salud, de carácter reivindicativo. Dada la crisis del sector salud, lo fundamental es profundizar en la definición de las funciones, los derechos y las responsabilidades de los actores. Una reforma de salud es un cambio, regido por un plan con una misión: mejorar la equidad, la calidad y la eficiencia del sistema actual. Un sistema con estas características exige la fusión del subsistema de seguridad social con el de los servicios públicos, es decir, la fusión de las distintas instituciones: el Instituto Salvadoreño del Seguro Social, el Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social, el Instituto Salvadoreño de Rehabilitación de Inválidos, Bienestar Magisterial y Sanidad Militar. Esta concepción rechaza tanto el asistencialismo estatal de corte neoliberal, como la práctica del sector privado que, en complicidad con el Estado neoliberal, conviene la atención de la salud en una práctica médica individualizada ---curativa, paliativa o de rehabilitación---

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 58, No. 651-652, 2003: 21-41.
Los ánimos y desánimos ante el proceso electoral de 2003
Authors: De Opinión Pública Instituto Universitario
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 58, No. 651-652, 2003: 99-102.
A propósito de las propuestas electorales
Authors: UCA CIDAI
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 58, No. 651-652, 2003: 103-107.
La contemplación en la acción de la justicia. La contribución de Ignacio Ellacuría a la espiritualidad cristiana
Authors: Ashley James Matthew
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

Revista latinoamericana de teología, Vol. 17, No. 51, 2000: 211-232.
Recensiones, No. 51
Authors: Latinoamericana de Teología Revista
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

Revista latinoamericana de teología, Vol. 17, No. 51, 2000: 309-319.
El Popol Vuh, expresión y sumario del sentido ético fundamental
Authors: Morán Angel
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

Revista latinoamericana de teología, Vol. 18, No. 52, 2001: 49-64.
La "salvación en Jesucristo" en la reflexión teológica latinoamericana
Authors: Palacio Carlos
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

Revista latinoamericana de teología, Vol. 18, No. 53, 2001: 125-152.
La teología en tiempo de SIDA
Authors: MacDonagh Enda
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

Revista latinoamericana de teología, Vol. 19, No. 55, 2002: 61-81.
Tendencias actuales de la teología moral en América Latina
Authors: Brackley Dean
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

Revista latinoamericana de teología, Vol. 19, No. 56, 2002: 95-120.
La utopía de los pobres y el reino de Dios
Authors: Sobrino Jon
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

Revista latinoamericana de teología, Vol. 19, No. 56, 2002: 145-170.
Un silencio elocuente o la paradoja del final de Marcos. "Y no dijeron nada a nadie porque tenían miedo" ( Mc 16, 8b) (I)
Authors: Alegre Xavier
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

Revista latinoamericana de teología, Vol. 20, No. 58, 2003: 3-24.
Recordatorios importantes y necesarios para el mundo de hoy
Authors: Cardenal Rodolfo
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

Revista latinoamericana de teología, Vol. 20, No. 58, 2003: 53-63.
La fe pascual en la resurrección de Jesús
Authors: Ellacuría Ignacio
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

Revista latinoamericana de teología, Vol. 20, No. 60, 2003: 209-222.
La fe del pueblo del Antiguo Testamento frente al sufrimiento (II). El problema de Job y la Sabiduría
Authors: Sivatte Rafael de
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

Revista latinoamericana de teología, Vol. 20, No. 60, 2003: 243-261.
La opción por los pobres. Dar y recibir "Humanizar la humanidad"
Authors: Sobrino Jon
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

Revista latinoamericana de teología, Vol. 20, No. 60, 2003: 283-307.
Las experiencias divinas en los seres humanos
Authors: Támez Elsa
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

Revista latinoamericana de teología, Vol. 21, No. 61, 2004: 77-85.
Recensiones, No. 61
Authors: Latinoamericana de Teología Revista
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

Revista latinoamericana de teología, Vol. 21, No. 61, 2004: 87-96.
Con Mons. Romero y el papa Francisco hacia la Iglesia de los pobres
Authors: Maier Martin
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

Revista latinoamericana de teología, Vol. 35, No. 104, 2018: 83-95.
Diálogo interreligioso en medio de una sociedad pluralista
Authors: Segura Céspedes Luis Diego
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

Revista latinoamericana de teología, Vol. 35, No. 104, 2018: 169-179.
Identification, characterization and application of a natural food colourant from Hibiscus sabdariffa
Authors:   , Sipahli Shivon
Published: July 2021

Hibiscus sabdariffa is an under-utilised plant that has been reported to have great potential in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. The vibrant red pigment indicates a source of anthocyanins that could be produced into a food colourant with additional nutritional benefits however stability is a hindering factor. The crude anthocyanins were extracted from dried calyces by means of four different acidified ethanol and methanol solvent systems to determine the maximum crude anthocyanin yield. The crude extracts were analysed under the following parameters; heat, light, pH stability and degradation kinetics, which included thermal degradation and DPPH radical scavenging ability. Two synthetic colourants were analysed based on the stability parameters; heat, light and pH and compared with the natural H. sabdariffa crude extracts. Each of the four crude extracts were analysed for the total phenolic content using Folin Ciocalteu’s method. The DPPH and FRAP assays were used to determine the radical scavenging activity of the extract with the highest yield. The identification and quantification of the crude anthocyanins were carried out using HPLC-DAD. The highest crude anthocyanin yield of 19.92% was observed by HCl acidified ethanol extract Acetic acid/water/methanol extract produced the lowest yield of 8.72%. The stability results showed that pigment retention of samples heated at 80˚C had a greater decrease over time than those heated at 50˚C. The pH stability of samples incubated for 7 days indicated that crude anthocyanins degraded slower at acidic pH, which is in keeping with reported literature therefore this extract, should be added to foods with lower pH. Light stability showed slower degradation in dark incubated samples resulting in 84% pigment retention after a 10 day period. Synthetic colourants proved to be superior, as they had showed better stability than the natural colourant under the same conditions. Half-life of thermally treated samples showed a decrease upon heating, colour was also affected as samples became dull and murky. DPPH of thermal treated samples showed a decline in radical scavenging activity from 70 to 85˚C and thereafter an increase was observed between 85 and 90˚C, this could be due to the release of degradation products that have antioxidant capability. Solvent systems did not have an effect on the total phenolic content of crude extracts as no significant difference was observed by each of the H. sabdariffa crude extracts contained an average of 54.67 mg/ml GAE. The radical scavenging ability assessed by the DPPH and FRAP assays showed 53.75% and 57.51% radical scavenging ability respectively. Although the synthetic colourants showed better stability, a natural food colourant from H. sabdariffa can still be beneficial as it has potential to be applied into foods that contain low pH such as jelly and yoghurt. The additional benefits that natural food colourants possess aid in the marketability of the product.
ABIOTIC STRESS MODERATION AND CROP PRODUCTION IN CHANGING CLIMATE: BENEFICIALTRACE ELEMENTS: REVIEW
Authors: Chakraborty Ananya , Chakraborty Barkha , Bandopadhyay Pintoo
Published: July 2021

Concerns around food security have emerged in recent years, with rising food demand and the options to meet. The FAO projections indicate that global food demand may increase by 70 percent by 2050, with much of the projected increase in demand for major food crops expectedly coming from soaring population and their dietary changes.Moreover, various abiotic stresses accentuated with changing climate has jeopardized the crop production scenario. Ensuring secured food production in the face of climate change is a formidable challenge. Furthermore, in the post-green revolution period, practice of intensive cultivationand extravagant usage of high analysis fertilizers to over-responsive high yielding cultivars have caused havoc micronutrient mining from the soil itself and thus backfired on sustainable food production. In addition to micronutrients, certain beneficial elements are found to be very useful withbetter plant physiology led crop production and nutritive value of the consumables. These elements are collectively referred to as beneficial-trace elements and play a stellar role in moderating various abiotic stresses. Therefore, the application of beneficial-trace elementsas soil and foliar application is needed to be focusedon toassure quality food production through ensuring their effects on crop physiology
EVALUATION OF COATINGS FOR SHELF LIFE ENHANCEMENT AND QUALITY RETENTION IN BER (ZIZYPHUS MAURITIANA LAMK.)
Authors: Relhan Ankush , Bakshi Manish , Gupta Prerna , Kumar Vikas , Singh Shailesh Kumar , Singh Sanjay
Published: July 2021

Ber, a climacteric fruit crop, is liable to spoilage during storage. This study aims to evaluate the effect of coatings on shelf life and quality retention in ber under ambient storage conditions. Coated and uncoated ber fruits were stored at ambient storage temperatures (±25ºC) for 10 days and accessed every 2 days for analysis. Ber fruits reported minimum weight loss (2.68g), PLW (14.35%) and TSS (9.52%) with the application of petroleum jelly coating. Minimum total sugars (8.98%), minimum reducing sugar content (3.96%), maximum non-reducing sugars (5.69%) and maximum antioxidant activity (63.83%) was recorded in fruits with petroleum jelly coating. This study highlights the importance of coating of fruits for enhanced shelf life and quality retention under ambient storage conditions.
The Theatre of Yes: Beauty as the Axis of Change for the Transformation of Communities Through Their Own Stories
Authors: Pallarès Elias Marina
Published: July 2021

Tejidos is a community artistic project that aims to develop a community to give voice to the particular stories of those who live in Oaxaca (women and the deaf community) and Mexico City (older adults). The project has been funded by the Arts Council England (2018) and Iberescena (2019). “Theatre of Yes” is a methodology that uses the power of beauty as a language to break the stereotypes of situations that society views with apathy. By creating a provocative and emotional performance, we can transform the lives of people who suffer social exclusion.
Yet, how can we create a high-quality performance with people who are not professional actors but have stories that should be shared? How can we use powerful performances as an axis of change? How can emotions be the motor for the struggle against the social oppression that many groups suffer?
Artistic work has helped us to observe how creativity pushes people to find a freer self and, above all, to be close to the essence of the human being. The base of the Theatre of YES brings together the universal characteristics, honesty, simplicity, humility and generosity. The characteristics of the methodology developed with these groups are the yes as a weapon against the non-worthy self, beauty as the axis of change, physical theatre according to the Lecoq methodology.
A flux tower dataset tailored for land model evaluation
Authors: Ukkola Anna M. , Abramowitz Gab , De Kauwe Martin G.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Eddy covariance flux towers measure the exchange of water, energy and carbon fluxes between the land and atmosphere. They have become invaluable for theory development and evaluating land models. However, flux tower data as measured (even after site post-processing) are not directly suitable for land surface modelling due to data gaps in model forcing variables, inappropriate gap-filling, formatting and varying data quality. Here we present a quality-control and data-formatting pipeline for tower data from FLUXNET2015, La Thuile and OzFlux syntheses and the resultant 170-site globally distributed flux tower dataset specifically designed for use in land modelling. The dataset underpins the second phase of the PLUMBER land surface model benchmarking evaluation project, an international model intercomparison project encompassing > 20 land surface and biosphere models. The dataset is provided in the Assistance for Land-surface Modelling Activities (ALMA) NetCDF format and is CF-NetCDF compliant. For forcing land surface models, the dataset provides fully gap-filled meteorological data that has had periods of low data quality removed. Additional constraints required for land models, such as reference measurement heights, vegetation types and satellite-based monthly leaf area index estimates, are also included. For model evaluation, the dataset provides estimates of key water, carbon and energy variables, with the latent and sensible heat fluxes additionally corrected for energy balance closure. The dataset provides a total of 1040 site years covering the period 1992–2018, with individual sites spanning from 1 to 21 years. The dataset is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.25914/5fdb0902607e1 (Ukkola et al., 2021).
PROBLEMS OF REGULATION OF INFORMATION INTERMEDIACY IN THE FIELD OF TRADE WITHIN THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION
Authors: Lapin Sergey Sergeevich
Published: July 2021

This article aims to identify the position of the institution of information intermediacy within the framework of a combination of the aspects of disclosure of relations, the subject of which is information that is conceived as an intangible good of a special kind, the main condition for the existence of which is an indissoluble connection with the material carrier, with the aspect of international legal trends in the course of neighborhood integration that have been the most relevant for our country for many years. The status of the main participants in these legal relations related to the transfer of material, its placement, as well as the procedure for implementing the organizational foundations of their activities, is not sufficiently disclosed in the considered Eurasian legal field, which gives grounds for further consolidation of the regulatory framework in this area.
ISRAEL: TRANSPORT COSTS AND CUSTOMS DUTY — IS ON YOU THE INCREASE IN CUSTOMS VALUE IN ISRAEL, DUE TO THE INCREASE IN TRANSPORT PRICES – THE PROBLEM, AND THE WAY TO THE SOLUTION
Authors: Omer Wagner
Published: July 2021

This article discusses transport costs and customs duties, namely the problems and solutions to the increase in customs value in Israel due to the increase in transport prices
THE ROLE OF FISCAL ACTIVITIES OF CUSTOMS AUTHORITIES IN ENSURING ECONOMIC SECURITY
Authors: Fakhretdenova Evelina Vladimirovna
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to researching the activities of the Russian Federation customs authorities in the context of ensuring the economic security of the state and protecting its economic interests. The author places special emphasis on the fiscal function of the customs authorities, which is expressed in the formation of the federal budget revenues. Apart from that, fiscal function is a fundamental one from the point of view of determining the state economic potential. The article provides a detailed analysis of the mechanism of customs revenue administration, which is integral to solving the fiscal problem, and the legal foundations of which are laid both at the national and supranational levels.
MODEL OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR INTERNATIONAL CRIMES IN THE LAW OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO
Authors: Kengamu Renedy Booto
Published: July 2021

This article deals with accountability for international crimes in the law of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Development and Validation of Extended Multi-Dimensional Scale of Entrepreneurial Ecosystem in the context of Pakistan
Authors: Sethar Waqar Ahmed , Pitafi Adnan , Bhutto Arabella
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this research is to validate the multi-dimensional scale of EntrepreneurialcEcosystem in the context of Pakistan. This research is based on 7 constructs with 54 items that affect the entrepreneurial ecosystem in any given region. The sample of 244 respondents are the owners of companies and, startups who participated in this research.The Confirmatory factory analysis showed factor loadings of all constructs greater than 0.40, while partial least square structural equation modeling showed acceptable values of construct reliability, composite reliability, however, average variance extracted was shown to be greater than 0.40 and less than the acceptable value of 0.5 for some constructs, while the HTMT ratio established discriminant validity of the constructs another criterion i.e. Fornell-Larcker criterion also established the discriminant validity of the constructs with some constructs having values less than 0.705, while some of the item outer loadings were found to be between 0.6-0.70 however, within the acceptable range. This research has validated the multi-dimensional scale of the entrepreneurial ecosystem with new sub-domain i.e. support professions and support finance. This scale can be used to measure the strength of the entrepreneurial ecosystem of any region with appropriate homogeneous sample
APONTAMENTOS ACERCA DO PROCESSO DECISÓRIO NOS PEDIDOS DE TUTELA PROVISÓRIA INIBITÓRIA: DA PROBABILIDADE DO DIREITO AO PERIGO QUALIFICADO DA OCORRÊNCIA DO ILÍCITO.
Authors: Campos Silva Bruno , Caldas da Gama e Abreu Vinícius
Published: July 2021

O presente estudo busca analisar o processo de fundamentação da decisão judicial nos casos de pedido de tutela provisória inibitória. Para tanto foi realizada uma breve exposição acerca dos tipos de tutela provisória trazidos pelo Código de Processo Civil, da prevenção do ilícito como peça chave da tutela inibitória e das particularidades nas definições do fumus boni iuris e do periculum in mora, essenciais para a construção da decisão judicial provisória.
A BOA-FÉ NO DIREITO PROCESSUAL CIVIL: DIMENSÃO CONCEITUAL E LEITURA CRÍTICA À LUZ DOS DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS PROCESSUAIS
Authors: Reichelt Luis Alberto
Published: July 2021

O presente estudo propõe-se a examinar, a partir de estudo bibliográfico e jurisprudencial, o conteúdo da cláusula geral de boa-fé inscrita no Código de Processo Civil brasileiro, considerando-o em perspectiva crítica à luz dos direitos fundamentais à dignidade da pessoa humana e à segurança jurídica.
A LEGITIMIDADE ATIVA DA ORDEM DOS ADVOGADOS DO BRASIL PARA A AÇÃO CIVIL PÚBLICA
Authors: Martins Dias Handel , Rosa Coelho Fernanda , Côrte Vitória Mateus
Published: July 2021

Por meio de pesquisa da legislação, literatura jurídica e jurisprudência, assim como da metodologia participante para a interpretação do fenômeno jurídico e normativo, este trabalho trata da legitimação para a propositura da ação civil pública, mais especifica-mente da legitimidade ativa da Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil (OAB). Tendo como problema de pesquisa a extensão da legitimidade extraordinária da Ordem dos Advoga-dos do Brasil na ação civil pública, o objetivo precípuo do presente estudo consistiu em analisar o fundamento legitimador e, a partir de então, as situações jurídicas coletivas passíveis de tutela pela entidade máxima de representação dos advogados via ação cole-tiva. Constatou-se que a legitimidade da OAB para ajuizar ação civil pública é universal, estando dispensada do requisito da pertinência temática tanto para a proteção de interes-ses metaindividuais como de direitos individuais homogêneos.
COMENTARIOS SOBRE ORALIDAD, CONTRADICCIÓN Y CONVICCIÓN JUDICIAL EN EL SISTEMA PROCESAL PENAL CHILENO, 20 AÑOS DESPUÉS
Authors: RAU ATRIA JOSE IGNACIO
Published: July 2021

En el presente trabajo, expondremos que, luego de revisar algunos conceptos claves vinculados a los principios del proceso, las reglas técnicas de procesamiento y los sistemas de enjuiciamiento, y después de analizar diversas normas del Código Procesal Penal chileno, con el prisma derecho internacional de los derechos humanos en lo que a derecho de defensa se refiere, comentando sobre oralidad, contradicción y convicción del juzgador penal, 20 años después de la entrada en vigencia del nuevo sistema, en plena vigencia del estado de excepción constitucional por pandemia de COVID19, el juicio oral puede desarrollarse vía remota, sin vulnerar las garantías del imputado y demás intervinientes.
LA EJECUCIÓN PROVISIONAL DE LA SENTENCIA EN EL PERÚ
Authors: Velásquez M. Raffo
Published: July 2021

La reciente regulación peruana busca cambiar el régimen de ejecución provisional de sentencias. Sin embargo, su incomprensión como técnica anticipatoria genera problemas y contradicciones en su regulación. En algunos casos, el legislador obliga a que se mantenga la ejecución provisional a pesar de la revocación de la sentencia, y en otros casos, obliga a levantarla siempre que se revoque la sentencia, incluso cuando eso se debe a motivos que no afectan la fuerte probabilidad del derecho. Solo su comprensión como técnica anticipatoria permitirá una lectura coherente del instituto.
Space Pattern of Samudera Pasai Sultanate
Authors: Mirsa Rinaldi , Muhammad Muhammad , Saputra Eri , Farhana Izzati
Published: July 2021

Samudera Pasai is one of the Islamic Sultanates in Indonesia which appeared in the Middle Ages or around 1267 AD. Evidence of the existence of the Sultanate of Samuedra Pasai in Indonesia is listed in the book Rihlah ilal-Masyriq (Wanderings to the East) written by Abu Abdullah Ibnu Batutha (1304 - 1368 AD), a Muslim adventurer who traveled to Samudera Pasai in 1345 AD. The spatial pattern of the Samudera Pasai Sultanate is no longer visible because there are no traces of archaeological remains in the form of any remaining buildings, except for the tombs of Sultanate figures and historical records of foreign adventurers who have explored the Samudera Pasai Sultanate. This record strengthens the evidence of the existence of the Samudera Pasai Sultanate. The methodology used in this case is a phenomenological approach and a historical approach, which are expected to approach optimal results in uncovering spatial patterns in the development of Islam. The spatial arrangement of the sultanate generally used the concept of catur gatra tungga, which was arranged in the form of: alun-alun (the square) as the center of space, markets to the north of the square, palaces to the south of the square, and mosques to the west of the square. The spatial arrangement then formed a spatial pattern that became the center of the Samudera Pasai Sultanate.
Genetic identification of the causative agent of Brucellosis
Authors: Jakipov Yerkebulan , Mustafin Muafik , Valdovska Anda , Baiseitov Sayat , Aitkulova Ayauly
Published: July 2021

The development of animal husbandry suffers various kinds of losses due to the spread of infectious diseases among animals, in particular Brucellosis. A challenge faced by Brucella researchers has been the accurate identification of new isolates within the genus while preserving sufficient, and not excessive, biosafety and biosecurity requirements. The availability of discriminatory molecular typing tools to inform and assist conventional epidemiological approaches would be invaluable in controlling these infections, but efforts have been hampered by the genetic homogeneity of the genus. In this work, for better identification of infection, for control and monitor the source of outbreaks in prosperous areas was carried out identification of Brucella spp. strains which circulating in the Kostanay region. For this was used using multilocus analysis of a variable number of tandem repeats sequenced by 16 s – PNK on a genetic analyzer (sequencer). According to the results of a study of cattle, cultures of microorganisms were infected: No. 4, 5, 7, 8. Comparison of the obtained results with similar results of domestic and foreign works by A. Shevtsov, G. Borrello, P. Le Fleche, G. Garofolo suggest that the genotyping of local strains has an importance in the molecular epizootology of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Identificación del Potencial de Recarga Hídrica en La Microcuenca Samincheni, Pichanaki – Perú
Authors: MARCELINO TARMEÑO EDGAR AVELINO
Published: July 2021

Los parámetros geomorfológicos de una cuenca y el uso del territorio son factores que determinan el nivel de recarga hídrica y por consiguiente la disponibilidad de agua. Con el objetivo de determinar el potencial de recarga hídrica en la microcuenca Samincheni se analizaron cinco variables: Pendiente del terreno, tipo de cobertura vegetal, uso de suelo, tipo de suelo y formaciones geológicas, integrándose finalmente las cinco variables mediante una operación algebraica utilizando el software ArcGIS. Las imágenes tomadas por el satélite PERUSAT-1 fueron cruciales para la obtención de mapas de cobertura vegetal y uso de suelo con un alto grado de precisión. Los resultados muestran que en la microcuenca estudiada predominan áreas con potencial de recarga hídrica bajo, esto determinado principalmente por la presencia de la agricultura como actividad predominante de la población local y la ausencia de cobertura vegetal, debido a la tala indiscriminada que se presenta a lo largo de las últimas décadas en la selva peruana.
Biodiversity of Vegetation around the Mingechevir Reservoir
Authors: Vagif Novruzov V , Zilkhumar İsmailova
Published: July 2021

Mingechevir reservoir is one of the deep-water artificial reservoirs in the territory of Azerbaijani was created on the Kura River in the 50s. Before the construction of the Mingechevir reservoir, 681 species of plants belonging to 74 families and 325 genera were found here. As a result of our research in the valley in 2019-2021, only 154 species were found, belonging to 24 families and 36 genera. As a result of changes during the last 70 years of the hydrographic regime, the influence of edaphic, physical, anthropogenic factors, the original vegetation cover of the Mingechevir Valley has completely changed, and urbanization, land reclamation and other works have further accelerated these changes. If the successions that have begun are not prevented, there may be a risk of destruction of the high-pressure earth dam built in Europe using the leaching method. With the implementation of the proposed phytomeliorative measures, the bare slopes of the reservoir dam can be turned into a “green cover”.
Test Results of the Technology Accelerating the Fructification of Rkatsiteli Vine
Authors: Shavadze Levan , Ichukaidze Niko
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the results of the work carried out on the scientific – research plot of land of Iakob Gogebashvili Telavi State University, in particular, the test results of the technologies accelerating the harvest on one of the most widespread vine species in Georgia such as Rkatsiteli. The experiments were carried out in the village Gulgula, Telavi district, in the agro – ecological conditions of the alluvial soils of the Alazani Valley during the years of 2019 – 2020. The experiment was arranged according to the following options: Option I – 2,5 X 1,5 meter scheme (control); Option II – 2,5 X 1,25 meter scheme; Option III – 2,5 X 2 meter scheme; According to the methodology green operations were carried out in each option during the first vegetation year, such as normalizing sprouts and removing suckers and after the completion of the vegetation, i.e. during the initial pruning of a young vine there was carried out the formation of a stem, which provided to speed up harvesting. The obtained results show that the technologies that speed up harvesting are effective and their usage provides good results in the vineyard planted with Rkatsiteli. At the same time, during the experiment it became clear that intensive vine crop, i.e. planting scheme 2,5 X 1,25 m. provides better result in terms of quantitative growth of the crop per unit area in the planted vineyard.
Georgian-Austrian Unknown Preludes of the Treaty of Georgievsk
Authors: Natsvaladze Mamuka
Published: July 2021

Studying the external policy of the king Erekle II is a topical issue for the modern historiography. The information maintained in the archives of various European cities, namely of Vienna, Vatican and Venice, convey to us the fact that while exercising pragmatic attitude toward relations with the European countries the King of Kartli and Kakheti considered the interests of both his own country and of those European countries as well. Over the years 1781-82 Erekle II sends his ambassadors to Europe twice: first he sends a Capuchin monk Domenique who dies in Constantinople in uncertain circumstances not having reached the destination; after him Erekle II sends another Capuchin Mauro the Veronese who also dies for unknown reasons while still on his way. It is a very important fact that the letters sent by the King Erekle, unlike the ambassadors, reach their destination which is the Emperor’s Court in Austria.The present article shows the international political background that the king Erekle II had at that time and that he attempted to use for the interests of his country.The plan of dividing Europe anew, officially developed by the relevant imperial authorities of Saint Petersburg and Vienna, aimed at neutralizing the Ottoman Empire and dividing its territories. According to the Greek Project, it was supposed to resurrect the Byzantine Empire that would be formally independent from Russia but factually acting as a marionette with the Romanov dynasty ruling in it and build Dacia Kingdom as a buffer between the Ottoman and the Austrian Empires.This project was topical for Erekle II who was trying to get involved in the international political processes to the maximum level as the king of a sovereign and independent country, as in the result of implementation of the Greek Project Georgia would obtain an environment of Christian countries instead of the previous encirclement by Muslim countries. Thus, Georgia would find herself in an absolutely different qualitative dimension that had been a sacred dream of the Georgian Kings at all times. This was why the Greek Plan held such a great importance for Erekle II. This international project was made secret by the empress Catherine the Great and Joseph II, therefore, the official pragmatic reason that Erekle II referred to when sending ambassadors to Austria which was obtaining financial support for two regiments was merely a mask behind which in reality the ambassadorial mission served the purpose of active involvement and participation in the implementation of the Greek Project. The Austrian Emperor’s Court, on its part, was going to use this intension of the Georgian king for its own pragmatic goals which implied strengthening of the Holy Roman Empire that had been actually made fictitious by that time. The widely acknowledged and reputed international level diplomats of the Austrian Empire Kaunitz and Kobenzl were involved in the process.
Characteristics of Old Georgian Literary Language in Akaki Tsereteli’s Works
Authors: Geldiashvili Nunu
Published: July 2021

Literary Works byAkaki Tsereteli are considered as versatile and diverse. In his works he touches upon almost everything by his poetry, prose, journalism or public work. It is obvious that he established "a type of versatile writer who is equally engaged in prose, poetry, journalism, dramaturgy, translations, children's literature and fables”. He was an extremely optimistic person who deeply believed in the future. The following words from one of his works seem amazingly and expressive: “Even if you kill a swallow, Spring will definitely come”. Connection between the old and the new forms, that is clearly shown within this emotionally colored expression, has become the goal of the research. We tried to find an answer to the question- what is the role of using old Georgian forms in Akaki's work?! Given paper analyses the samples such as: 1. Using proper name by its stem form in nominative case; 2. Ending words by - მან [-man] in the ergative form; 3. Full stems of demonstrative pronouns - ‘ამ’ [am] , ‘ეგ’ [eg] (=this, that); 4. Using postposition – ‘ზე’ [ze] (=on), along with the forms - ზედ [-zed] and -ზედა [-zeda] (=on, over); 5. instrumental case forms formed by a suffix - ით [-it] (=with) (without postpositions); 6. Postposition and full agreement of attribute and antecedent 7. Characteristics of using inflection as a reflection of Old Georgian (გწყალობდესთ [gtskalobdet]...; გამოვჰკითხავ [gamovhkitkhav]...; ჰსვამ [hvsvam]...; ჰნიშნავს [hnishnavs]...; წარმოსთქვა [tsarmostkva]...; გასტეხე [gastekhe]...); 8. Using conjunction - ვით [vit] (=as/like) for comparison and so on. If we ask questions concerning the function of old Georgian forms in Akaki Tsereteli’s works, it becomes clear that they can be used for: 1. rhythm, emotiveness and expressiveness; 2. Preserving traditional forms, to maintain the connection between old and new Georgian. It should be mentioned that similar forms are equally reflected in Akaki’s prose and poetry which further reinforces the idea in favor of showing the connection between the old and the new and the desire to maintain this connection and always remember where we come from and who we are ... .This fact does not completely contradict the idea that Akaki is a representative of the generation that courageously rejected the old linguistic norms and contributed to the democratization (rapprochement process with the spoken language) of the literary language.
Metaphors of Life in German Idioms
Authors: Modebadze Tsisana
Published: July 2021

The aim of the study is to define the metaphoric meaning of the concept ‘life’ in the German idioms. The German word das Leben means both to live and life in Georgian. It means German does not differentiate them. Our task is to define the positive and the negative connotations of idioms containing the concept of life/ live. To solve this task, we searched for the relevant phraseologisms in the dictionaries and classified them. The study has revealed that lexemes denoting seasons prevail in such idioms. In a metaphoric sense, we can show these idioms as a whole life cycle: from cradle to grave. The lexeme spring stands for youth years (Der Frühling des Lebens-the spring of life), while the lexeme autumn stands for the old age (Der Herbst des Lebens- the autumn of life). In the same figurative sense, the lexeme Lebenmay refers to one day only. For instance, Leben ist ein Tag – Life is one day. This phraseologism shows the brevity of life. Metaphorical compound Lebensabend means the evening of life, that is the old age. The brevity of life is also reflected in the idiom sein letztes Stündlein hat geschlagen- ‘his last hour struck’, meaning, his life came to an end. Metaphorisation of human’s life is also common with the following lexemes: plants, travel, road, food, struggle, liquid and vessel. Thus, life is alternation of positive and negative moments. The former are often compared to light and the sun, while the latter - to shade, darkness and night. Proceeding from this life is a regular alteration of light and darkness, the sun and shade, light and dark.
Linguo-Paradigmatic Aspects of the Concept “Tree”
Authors: Todua Miranda , Ketsbaia Nona
Published: July 2021

In ancient Georgia, tree was designated as a beam, which is a common Kartvelian linguistic symbol. Tree is often used as a part, forming the complex basis and acquires another metaphorical meaning. Symbolic meaning of three is also very interesting which is met in Christian, as well as pagan world. A trace of worshiping a tree is met in oral telling, fairy tales and native poems and songs, as well as toponyms and the monuments of the objective culture. There are a lot of symbols of tree. Each type expresses different aspects of the sacral tree symbolism. A cult of a tree has a certain place in historical development of the Christian religion. In the Christian perception, an eternity of life is related to a tree. It is a metaphor creating the world. In the ecclesiastic poetry, “A tree of knowledge” and “A life tree”, both consider the Christ. Symbolism of a beam is also interesting. It is connected to the torment of the Savior as well. It is called as “a beam of life”, which underlies the vivifying power of a cross, which spread the blessing grace on the world. Symbolism of the tree yield is also distinguished. It is represented in various ways in the Bible and the Spiritual poetry.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WEAK AND STRONG SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT MODELS
Authors: Amir oglu Hajiyev Ayaz
Published: July 2021

The concepts of weak and strong sustainable development are used in the analy­sis of sustainable development. At the scientific level, the concepts of sustai­nability and sustainable development have been tried in different ways, and over time, dif­ferent view aspects have emerged. As is generally known, sustainable development sees the best way to ensure the well-being of future generations in providing the next generation with the same resources as today. At this point, there is some discussion about the nature of the resource that needs to be protected. This discussion to­uching on the relationship between human capital and natural capital has led to the emergence of the concepts of weak and strong sustainability, i.e., models of weak and strong sustainable development.The emergence of weak and strong sustainable development models, the basics and principles that differs them from each other, as well as the study and analysis of the arguments of the supporters of these approaches, are of great relevance. Analyzing in the article the positions of those, who support strong sustainability, it is con­c­luded that the replacement of development characterized by quantitative growth with qualitative sustainable development to increase welfare is one of the important principles of strong sus­tainable development.
Neopatrimonialism and Party Clientelism
Authors: Kareli Teimuraz
Published: July 2021

The article deals with the features of formation of the party systems in the post-Soviet space. To understand the specific processes, the attention is focused on the inverse logic of the post-Soviet states, the basic features of which can be expressed by the concept of neopatrimonialism. In this context the functioning features of political parties, their principal tasks and the logic of creating the "power party" are described. The article examines the key criteria for the concept of the dominant party, such as its ability to consistently and steadily win the elections, the significant duration of its stay in power, as well as its personnel Control over the government. In the sociopolitical discourse the "power party" enjoys a privileged ideological position and has more opportunities compared to its competitors to appeal to voters. Along with that the party dominance reveals itself not only in its external manifestation (the stay in power), but also in the substantial one – the ability to exercise an effective political choice. The article analyzes the factors of sustainability of the "power party" systems: the historical merits of the "power party"; the ruling party’s ability to effectively take advantage of the electoral system; its strong relationships with the most affluent social groups and major corporations, as well as with the predominant ethnic or linguistic social groups; a privileged access of the ruling party to media resources. These factors are also effective in the polycentric political systems without any dominant party. However, under the dominant party systems they manifest themselves in a complex way, providing the ruling camp with a multi-layered protection due to a synergy effect. Particular attention is paid to the phenomenon of clientelism, widely used by the ruling party as a strategy of political mobilization. However, if discrimination arose by clientelism reaches the level that denies clients the right to choose, this is certainly not consistent with the rules of democracy.