bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety and efficacy of biologic drugs in children or adolescents with atopic dermatitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Felix de Farias Santos Ana Clara , Zamora Fernanda Valeriano , Galvao Lorhayne Kerly Capuchinho Scalioni , Pimenta Nicole dos Santos , Salles João Pedro Costa Esteves Almuinha , Heffel Kélen Klein
Published: August 2024

Children and adolescents suffering from moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis (AD) face a significant disease burden that greatly impacts their quality of life. Treatment options for AD are currently limited. To assess the safety and efficacy of biologic drugs, dupilumab, lebrikizumab, or tralokinumab, in improving outcomes in patients with moderate to severe inadequately controlled AD. We searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing dupilumab, lebrikizumab or tralokinumab to placebo in patients with AD. We computed odds ratios (ORs) for binary endpoints, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), random effects model was used and a p‐value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. We analysed data into Review Manager 5.4. A total of five RCTs and 973 patients were included, of whom 592 were prescribed a biologic drug. Compared with placebo, patients receiving a biologic drug had a greater improvement, achieved an Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) score of 0 or 1 (OR 5.05; 95% CI 3.08–8.29), Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) 75 (OR 6.87; 95% CI 4.71–10.02), EASI 50 (OR 8.89; 95% CI 6.18–12.78) and EASI 90 (8.30; 95% CI 4.81–14.31). The proportion of patients with 3 points or more (OR 6.56; 95% CI 4.34–9.90) or 4 points or more (OR 8.09; 95% CI 5.19–12.59) improvement from baseline in peak pruritus NRS was significantly higher with biologic drugs than placebo. There were no significant differences between groups regarding adverse events (OR 0.79; 95% CI 0.58–1.07), and conjunctivitis (OR 2.08; 95% CI 1.00–4.33). In this meta‐analysis, dupilumab, lebrikizumab, and tralokinumab have shown significant improvements in signs, symptoms and quality of life in children or adolescents with moderate to severe AD. Larger studies may be needed to continue evaluating the safety and efficacy of these biologic drugs in this patient population.
Rain, rain, go away: 194 potential exclusion‐restriction violations for studies using weather as an instrumental variable
Authors: Mellon Jonathan
Published: August 2024

Instrumental variable (IV) analysis relies on the exclusion restriction—that the instrument only affects the dependent variable via its relationship with the independent variable and not via other causal routes. However, scholars generally justify the exclusion restriction based on its plausibility. I propose a method for searching for additional violations implied by existing social science studies. I show that the use of weather to instrument different independent variables represents strong prima facie evidence of exclusion‐restriction violations for all weather‐IV studies. A review of 289 studies reveals 194 variables previously linked to weather: all representing potential exclusion‐restriction violations. Using sensitivity analysis, I show that the magnitude of many of these violations is sufficient to overturn numerous existing IV results. I conclude with practical steps to systematically review existing literature to identify and quantify possible exclusion‐restriction violations when using IV designs.
Collaborative wildlife disease outbreak investigation and response at Bells Swamp Victoria, February 2023
Authors: McKimmie M , Morrow HJ , Hawes MC , Robins A , Lynch M , Bodley K , Ryan F , Cox‐Witton K , Death C , Whiteley P
Published: August 2024

In February 2023, a report of morbidity and mortality in waterbirds triggered a collaborative regional wildlife disease outbreak investigation and response, led by Parks Victoria. Triage, rehabilitation and diagnosis of sick and dead birds were undertaken by Zoos Victoria (ZV), Agriculture Victoria, Vets for Compassion, Wildlife Victoria and Melbourne Veterinary School (MVS). The field response focused on collection of sick and dead birds for wildlife welfare, for diagnosis, and to reduce environmental contamination. Botulism was suspected, based on clinical signs and lack of significant gross pathology, and this diagnosis was confirmed by PCR testing. Low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) viruses non H5 or H7 were detected in two birds and ruled out in all in others tested. These incidental, non‐clinical LPAI detections are considered part of the natural wild bird virus community in Australia. A number of elements contributed to the collaborative effort. Regional individuals had the necessary connections for reporting, collecting and transporting birds. There was rapid determination by the Victorian Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action (DEECA) that Parks Victoria, as the land managers, should lead the response. Zoos Victoria provided capacity and expertise in wildlife triage and rehabilitation, and Agriculture Victoria, ZV and MVS were responsible for veterinary management of the response and diagnosis. Field investigation and response were conducted by Parks Victoria, Agriculture Victoria, MVS and veterinary teams from Vets for Compassion and Wildlife Victoria. Wildlife Health Australia (WHA) provided guidance and information, approved National Significant Disease Investigation Program funding and captured the event in the national wildlife health information database. Communication and media were important for community understanding of the event.
Mobile applications on app stores for deprescribing: A scoping review
Authors: Okati Lina , Lo Sarita , Gnjidic Danijela , Li Susan Jiayu , Thillainadesan Janani
Published: August 2024

Deprescribing is an evidence‐based intervention to reduce potentially inappropriate medication use. Yet its implementation faces barriers including inadequate resources, training and time. Mobile applications (apps) on app stores could address some barriers by offering educational content and interactive features for medication assessment and deprescribing guidance. A scoping review was undertaken to examine existing deprescribing apps, identifying features including interactive and artificial intelligence (AI) elements. A comprehensive search was conducted in August 2023 to identify mobile apps with deprescribing content within the Apple and Google Play Stores. The apps found were screened for inclusion, and data on their features were extracted. Quality assessment was undertaken using the Mobile App Rating Scale. Six deprescribing‐related apps were identified: the American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria 2023, Dementia Training Australia Medications, Evidence‐Based Medicine Guide, Information Assessment Method Medical Guidelines, MedGPT‐Medical AI App, and Polypharmacy: Manage Medicines. These apps focused primarily on educating both patients/carers and healthcare professionals about deprescribing. Amongst them, two apps included interactive features, with one incorporating AI technology. While these features allowed for search queries and input of patient‐level details, the apps provided limited personalised deprescribing advice. In terms of quality, the apps scored highly on functionality and information, and poorly on engagement and aesthetics. This review found deprescribing apps, despite being educational, have limitations in personalization and user engagement. Future research should prioritize evaluating their feasibility and user experience in clinical settings, and further explore how AI and interactivity could enhance the usefulness of these apps for deprescribing practices.
Drop‐out rates in animal‐assisted psychotherapy – Results of a quantitative meta‐analysis
Authors: Seeger Linnea , Kübler Andrea , Hilger Kirsten
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Animal‐assisted psychotherapy is an emerging field with great potential and growing popularity. However, empirical research on its effectiveness is insufficient, and consistent evidence about patients' commitment is missing. The present meta‐analysis addresses this gap by systematically comparing drop‐out rates in animal‐assisted psychotherapy and by relating the resulting across study drop‐out rate to across study drop‐out rates reported in meta‐analyses on conventional psychotherapy.

Method

Fifty‐seven studies published until August 2022 were identified as eligible for meta‐analytic comparison, that is, they conducted animal‐assisted psychotherapy on at least one group of psychiatric patients and reported drop‐out rates. Potential moderating influences of the type of animal and patients' disorder were considered, as well as multiple other demographic and study design variables.

Results

The across study drop‐out rate in animal‐assisted psychotherapy was 11.2%. This was significantly lower than the across meta‐analyses drop‐out rate of conventional psychotherapy (d = −.45, p = .0005). Although effects of moderator variables could not be evaluated statistically due to too small and heterogeneous data sets, descriptive results suggest influences of the type of animal and patient disorder. However, study quality ratings identified serious shortcomings regarding proper research design, most critically concerning the report of effect size measures, the use of standardized intervention plans and Open Science practices.

Conclusion

Drop‐out constitutes a major problem of psychotherapeutic research and practice. By proposing that the inclusion of an animal in the psychotherapeutic setting can enhance patients' commitment and by outlining challenges and opportunity of animal‐assisted psychotherapy, this meta‐analysis offers a starting point for future research in this evolving field.
Irreversible electroporation of localised prostate cancer downregulates immune suppression and induces systemic anti‐tumour T‐cell activation – IRE‐IMMUNO study
Authors: Geboers Bart , Scheltema Matthijs J. , Jung Jason , Bakker Joyce , Timmer Florentine E.F. , Cerutti Xanthe , Katelaris Athos , Doan Paul , Gondoputro William , Blazevski Alexandar , Agrawal Shikha , Matthews Jayne , Haynes Anne‐Maree , Robertson Tim , Thompson James E. , Meijerink Martijn R. , Clark Susan J. , de Gruijl Tanja D. , Stricker Phillip D.
Published: August 2024

Objectives

To prospectively compare systemic anti‐tumour immune responses induced by irreversible electroporation (IRE) and robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) in patients with localised intermediate‐risk prostate cancer (PCa).

Patients and Methods

Between February 2021 and June 2022, before and after treatment (at 5, 14 and 30 days) peripheral blood samples of 30 patients with localised PCa were prospectively collected. Patient inclusion criteria were: International Society of Urological Pathologists Grade 2–3, clinical cancer stage ≤T2c, prostate‐specific antigen level <20 ng/mL). Patients were treated with IRE (n = 20) or RARP (n = 10). Frequency and activation status of lymphocytic and myeloid immune cell subsets were determined using flow cytometry. PCa‐specific T‐cell responses to prostatic acid phosphatase (PSAP) and cancer testis antigen (New York oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 [NY‐ESO‐1]) were determined by interferon‐γ enzyme‐linked immunospot assay (ELISpot). Repeated‐measures analysis of variance and two‐sided Student's t‐tests were used to compare immune responses over time and between treatment cohorts.

Results

Patient and tumour characteristics were similar between the cohorts except for age (median 68 years [IRE] and 62 years [RARP], P = 0.01). IRE induced depletion of systemic regulatory T cells (P = 0.0001) and a simultaneous increase in activated cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA‐4)+ cluster of differentiation (CD)4+ (P < 0.001) and CD8+ (P = 0.032) T cells, consistent with reduction of systemic immune suppression allowing for effector T‐cell activation, peaking 14 days after IRE. Effects were positively correlated with tumour volume/ablation size. Accordingly, IRE induced expansion of PSAP and/or NY‐ESO‐1 specific T‐cell responses in four of the eight immune competent patients. Temporarily increased activated myeloid derived suppressor cell frequencies (P = 0.047) were consistent with transient immunosuppression after RARP.

Conclusions

Irreversible electroporation induces a PCa‐specific systemic immune response in patients with localised PCa, aiding conversion of the tumour microenvironment into a more immune permissive state. Therapeutic efficacy might be further enhanced by combination with CTLA‐4 checkpoint inhibition, potentially opening up a new synergistic treatment paradigm for high‐risk localised or (oligo)metastatic disease.
Household assets and business cycle fluctuations
Authors: Miura Shogo
Published: August 2024

This paper shows that an increase in the ratio of household assets to gross domestic product (GDP) predicts higher GDP growth in the short term, but lower growth in the long term. It is also associated with lower consumption, investment, and employment rates in the future. The result is robust to controlling for various economic indicators including credit spreads, household debt to GDP ratio, and leverage ratio. Finally, we estimate a structural vector autoregressive model and find that an increase in the interest rate is associated with a decrease in the household assets to GDP ratio, in contrast to the findings of Galí and Gambetti (2015, American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 7(1), 233–257). This appears to support the conventional view of monetary policy.
Market integration effect on technological innovation empirical analysis: A novel concept
Authors: Luo Zhuo
Published: August 2024

In today's globalization and rapid technological development, market integration has an important impact on the competitiveness and innovation ability of enterprises. Market integration includes the integration of factor markets and goods markets, aiming to optimize resource allocation and expand market size, thus promoting economic growth and technological innovation. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of market integration on technological innovation. Using a two‐stage least‐squares (IV‐2SLS) model and combining the data of Chinese stock market and accounting research from 2012 to 2021, it is pointed out that market integration has a significant impact on innovation ability. Research shows that the integration of factor and goods markets promotes innovation through market expansion, innovation in emerging technologies, and increased competitiveness of firms. However, there are also differences in the way that region, type of enterprise ownership, and economic sector influence market integration innovation. Factor market integration effectively promotes technological innovation by reducing government intervention and optimizing resource allocation. The results of the study provide an important reference for enterprises to make strategic decisions, especially in the face of the different effects of market integration on innovation.
Unveiling hierarchy and spatial distribution of O6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase promoter methylation in World Health Organization grade 2–3 gliomas
Authors: Li Mingxiao , Liu Jiang , Weng Jiancong , Dong Gehong , Chen Xuzhu , Cui Yong , Ren Xiaohui , Shen Shaoping , Jiang Haihui , Zhang Xiaokang , Zhao Xuzhe , Li Ming , Wang Xijie , Ren Hongxiang , Li Qiang , Zhang Yulian , Cheng Quan , Yu Yanbing , Lin Song
Published: August 2024

This study investigated the role of O6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase promoter (MGMTp) methylation hierarchy and heterogeneity in grade 2–3 gliomas, focusing on variations in chemotherapy benefits and resection dependency. A cohort of 668 newly diagnosed grade 2–3 gliomas, with comprehensive clinical, radiological, and molecular data, formed the basis of this analysis. The extent of resection was categorized into gross total resection (GTR ≥100%), subtotal resection (STR >90%), and partial resection (PR ≤90%). MGMTp methylation levels were examined using quantitative pyrosequencing. Our findings highlighted the critical role of GTR in improving the prognosis for astrocytomas (IDH1/2‐mutant and 1p/19q non‐codeleted), contrasting with its lesser significance for oligodendrogliomas (IDH1/2 mutation and 1p/19q codeletion). Oligodendrogliomas demonstrated the highest average MGMTp methylation levels (median: 28%), with a predominant percentage of methylated cases (average methylation levels >20%). Astrocytomas were more common in the low‐methylated group (10%–20%), while IDH wild‐type gliomas were mostly unmethylated (<10%). Spatial distribution analysis revealed a decrement in frontal lobe involvement from methylated, low‐methylated to unmethylated cases (72.8%, 59.3%, and 47.8%, respectively). In contrast, low‐methylated and unmethylated cases were more likely to invade the temporal‐insular region (19.7%, 34.3%, and 40.4%, respectively). Astrocytomas with intermediate MGMTp methylation were notably associated with temporal‐insular involvement, potentially indicating a moderate response to temozolomide and underscoring the importance of aggressive resection strategies. In conclusion, our study elucidates the complex interplay of MGMTp methylation hierarchy and heterogeneity among grade 2–3 gliomas, providing insights into why astrocytomas and IDH wild‐type lower‐grade glioma might derive less benefit from chemotherapy.
Children consider informants' explanation quality with their social dominance in seeking novel explanations
Authors: Ma Shaocong , Cui Yixin K. , Wan Shan , Chen Eva E. , Corriveau Kathleen H.
Published: August 2024

Identifying high‐quality causal explanations is key to scientific understanding. This research (N = 202; 50% girls; M
age: 5.82 years; 64% Asian, 33% White, and 3% multiracial; data collected from 2018 to 2024) examined how explanation circularity and informants' social dominance impact children's learning preferences for causal explanations. Raised in a culture valuing circular logic, Chinese children still preferred non‐circular explanations and learning from informants providing non‐circular explanations (d ≥ 0.50). When informants with non‐circular explanations were subordinate to those with circular explanations, Chinese and American children preferred non‐circular over circular explanations (d = 1.10), but did not prefer learning new information from either informant. Although children weigh explanation quality over informant dominance when seeking explanations for given questions, they consider both cues when evaluating informants' credibility.
Obesity in European nursing homes participating in nutritionDay 2016–2021—Prevalence and resident characteristics
Authors: Galicia Ernst Isabel , Worf Isabella , Tarantino Silvia , Hiesmayr Michael , Volkert Dorothee
Published: August 2024

The objective of this study is to assess obesity prevalence and characterize European nursing home (NH) residents with obesity comprehensively. Cross‐sectional nutritionDay data from 2016 to 2021. Descriptive characterization of European NH residents ≥65 years with and without obesity. Binomial logistic regression to identify factors associated with obesity. A total of 11 327 residents (73.8% female, 86.4 ± 7.9 years, mean body mass index 25.3 ± 5.4 kg/m2) from 12 countries were analysed. Obesity prevalence was 17.7%, mostly class I (13.0%). Taking ≥5 drugs/day (OR 1.633; 95% confidence intervals 1.358–1.972), female sex (1.591; 1.385–1.832), being bed/chair‐bound (1.357; 1.146–1.606), and having heart/circulation/lung disease (1.276; 1.124–1.448) was associated with increased obesity risk, older age (0.951; 0.944–0.958), mild (0.696; 0.601–0.805) and severe (0.591; 0.488–0.715) dementia, eating less than ¾ of lunch on nutritionDay (0.669; 0.563–0.793), needing assistance for eating (0.686; 0.569–0.825), and being identified by NH staff at risk for (0.312; 0.255–0.380) or with malnutrition (0.392; 0.236–0.619) decreased obesity risk. Almost one in five residents in European NH participating in nutritionDay is affected by obesity. Through a wide exploratory analysis, including data from 12 European countries, we confirmed previous findings and identified additional factors associated with obesity that should be considered in the daily care of affected residents.
Risk of developing high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or anal cancer after anal condylomata treatment in people living with HIV
Authors: Hewitt Austin , Kawak Samer , Yang Qiuyu , Stafford Linda Cherney , Bailey Howard H. , Striker Robert , Hayden Dana M. , Sanger Cristina B.
Published: August 2024

Aim

To assess the risk and natural history of developing advanced anal disease after diagnosis of anal condyloma in people living with HIV (PLWH).

Methods

This was a single‐centre retrospective cohort study of PLWH and anal condyloma from 2001 to 2021. Patients who developed advanced anal disease (AAD; anal high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and/or anal cancer) were compared to those who did not progress (non‐AAD). We assessed the potential association between AAD and condyloma location, recurrence, and treatment modality. AAD‐free survival was calculated utilizing Kaplan–Meier methods.

Results

A total of 118 PLWH and anal condyloma were included. Mean overall follow‐up time was 9.3 years. A total of 31% of patients developed AAD (n = 37). Average time to AAD from condyloma diagnosis was 5.6 years. On multivariate analysis, risk for AAD development was associated with perianal location of condyloma (OR 4.39, p = 0.038) and increased time from initial condyloma diagnosis (OR 1.12, p = 0.008). Higher CD4/CD8 ratios were associated with lower risk of AAD (OR 0.15, p = 0.029). Condyloma recurrence and treatment type were not associated with development of AAD. AAD‐free survival was longer in those with intra‐anal only condyloma versus those with either perianal disease alone or combined intra‐anal/perianal disease (mean survival times: 22.8 vs. 8.7 vs. 10.7 years, p = 0.017).

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates the need for careful, long‐term follow‐up of PLWH and condyloma, particularly in the setting of perianal disease and low CD4/CD8 ratio. Risk of anal disease progression is present even in the setting of condyloma regression following treatment.
Patient‐reported outcomes in diabetes‐related foot conditions: Is patient experience influenced by ethnicity? A mixed‐methods systematic review
Authors: Highton Patrick , Jeffers Shavez , Butt Ayesha , O'Mahoney Lauren , Jenkins Sian , Abdala Ruksar , Haddon Louise , Gillies Clare , Curtis Ffion , Hadjiconstantinou Michelle , Khunti Kamlesh
Published: August 2024

Aims

Research in diabetes‐related foot conditions (DRFC) often focuses on ulcer‐related care, whilst the patient experience and influence of sociodemographic factors are under‐researched. This systematic review investigated patient‐reported outcomes and experience in people with DRFC.

Methods

Multiple databases were searched from inception to 16 August 2023. All original articles that assessed any patient‐reported outcome or experience in DRFC and reported participant ethnicity were included. Data were synthesized using a sequential contingent approach. Study quality was assessed using study design‐specific tools.

Results

Twenty‐three studies were included (11 qualitative, 11 quantitative and one mixed‐methods). DRFC had a largely negative impact on various life dimensions, including social and daily life, work, emotional and psychological well‐being, necessitating dependence on others in the form of emotional, social and/or religious support, which were experienced differently by different groups. Patient DRFC knowledge and self‐care habits were typically suboptimal, and levels of hope and feeling of control over their condition varied between groups. Outcomes varied slightly between ethnicities across studies, with some ethnicity‐specific themes identified such as beliefs about disease cause and footwear habits. Quantitative and qualitative findings were mostly congruent.

Conclusions

DRFC profoundly and negatively impacts patient‐reported outcomes and experience, with limited evidence suggesting an influence of ethnicity.
Citizen engagement in climate adaptation surveyed: Identifying challenges in education and capacity building
Authors: Skarzauskiene Aelita , Mačiulienė Monika , Kovaitė Kristina
Published: August 2024

The accelerating impacts of climate change present significant challenges to sustainable urban development, testing the resilience of current governance frameworks and stakeholder responsibilities. In alignment with the EU's Green Deal, robust adaptation strategies and proactive climate risk anticipation are essential. Traditional discussions emphasize overcoming technological, financial and institutional barriers; however, social and individual factors also significantly hinder adaptation. This study explores the pivotal role of citizen engagement in climate risk management and adaptation, focusing on the Lithuanian context and comparing the results with a survey in Sweden. The research evaluates both external influences, such as experiences with climate‐related hazards and adaptation actions, and internal factors, including beliefs, values and individual adaptive capacity. Key findings reveal that adaptation behaviour in Lithuania and in Sweden is deeply influenced by past experiences with extreme weather events and economic considerations, with a significant portion of the population having faced such events recently. Factors such as economic considerations (low costs, financial benefits) are identified as critical motivators for future adaptation actions in Lithuania. On the other hand, in Sweden, respondents first preferred ecological factors (such as contributing to climate change mitigation) when considering future adaptation actions. The study underscores the need for targeted educational interventions to enhance community resilience, highlighting the importance of socio‐cultural contexts in shaping adaptation strategies. It emphasizes the necessity for comprehensive, inclusive educational programmes that address local climate impacts and promote proactive community involvement. The findings advocate for further comparative studies across diverse socio‐cultural settings to deepen insights into effective adaptation measures and to support the development of resilient communities worldwide.
Examining pre‐service teachers' teaching anxiety during student teaching: A Chinese perspective
Authors: Ao Narentuya , Zhang Manman , Tian Guoxiu
Published: August 2024

To better understand pre‐service teachers' teaching anxiety in specific cultural contexts and promote their overall anticipatory socialisation process, this study investigated the level, dimensions and causality of Chinese pre‐service teachers' teaching anxiety during student teaching. We conducted a survey of 426 Chinese pre‐service teachers who were at the end of their bachelor or master programmes to become primary or secondary school teachers. The results of this study revealed that the participants experienced moderate anxiety (M = 25.51), with more concerns about their professional teaching competencies (M = 10.75) and teaching management ability (M = 7.66) than personal image, personal affairs and evaluation (M = 2.92, 2.35, 1.82). Moreover, gender, educational background, self‐concept, student ability, job demands and job resources were correlated with teaching anxiety. Among these, self‐concept and job demands best explained teaching anxiety with estimated regression weights of −0.541 for self‐concept and 0.079 for job demands (p < .001). This study contributes to the literature on teaching anxiety by exploring culturally specific elements in China and offers valuable implications for interventions to reduce anxiety among pre‐service teachers.
Myelofibrosis and anemia: A German claims data analysis to describe epidemiology and current treatment
Authors: Slowley Alexander , Weinmann Sofie , d'Estrube Tim , Phiri Kelesitse , Karl Florian M. , Gleißner Erika , Mueller Sabrina , Junker Sophia , Göthert Joachim R.
Published: August 2024

Objectives

There is limited data on the incidence, prevalence, and treatments for myelofibrosis (MF) in Germany. This retrospective study examined claims data from 3.3 million insured individuals, spanning from 2010 to 2021.

Methods

Four sensitivity scenarios were explored to identify cases of MF. Point prevalence and cumulative incidence of MF were determined as of December 31, 2021, and within 2021, respectively. A cross‐sectional analysis used the main scenario definition of MF to identify cases and evaluate the period prevalence of patients receiving treatment for symptoms and/or splenomegaly, including first‐line (1L) Janus kinase inhibitor (JAKi), second‐line, or further (2L+) MF‐related treatment therapies during 2021. The prevalence of anemia treatment was also reported.

Results

The estimated standardized point prevalence of MF on December 31, 2021, was 9.9–12.4 cases per 100 000 persons, and cumulative incidence in 2021 was 1.2–1.8 cases per 100 000 persons. Standardized period prevalence in 2021 for MF patients receiving 1L JAKi and/or 2L+ MF‐related treatment was 4.0 cases per 100 000. Among these patients, 47.1%–53.7% required treatment for anemia, resulting in a period prevalence of 1.9–2.2 cases per 100 000 individuals.

Conclusion

The data reveal gaps in MF treatments and the need to improve patient quality of life.
The hemodynamic response to co‐occurring interictal epileptiform discharges and high‐frequency oscillations localizes the seizure‐onset zone
Authors: Wilson William , Pittman Daniel J. , Dykens Perry , Mosher Victoria , Gill Laura , Peedicail Joseph , George Antis G. , Beers Craig A. , Goodyear Bradley , LeVan Pierre , Federico Paolo ,   the Calgary Comprehensive Epilepsy Program collaborators
Published: August 2024

Objective

To use intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) to characterize functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activation maps associated with high‐frequency oscillations (HFOs) (80–250 Hz) and examine their proximity to HFO‐ and seizure‐generating tissue.

Methods

Forty‐five patients implanted with intracranial depth electrodes underwent a simultaneous EEG‐fMRI study at 3 T. HFOs were detected algorithmically from cleaned EEG and visually confirmed by an experienced electroencephalographer. HFOs that co‐occurred with interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) were subsequently identified. fMRI activation maps associated with HFOs were generated that occurred either independently of IEDs or within ±200 ms of an IED. For all significant analyses, the Maximum, Second Maximum, and Closest activation clusters were identified, and distances were measured to both the electrodes where the HFOs were observed and the electrodes involved in seizure onset.

Results

We identified 108 distinct groups of HFOs from 45 patients. We found that HFOs with IEDs produced fMRI clusters that were closer to the local field potentials of the corresponding HFOs observed within the EEG than HFOs without IEDs. In addition to the fMRI clusters being closer to the location of the EEG correlate, HFOs with IEDs generated Maximum clusters with greater z‐scores and larger volumes than HFOs without IEDs. We also observed that HFOs with IEDs resulted in more discrete activation maps.

Significance

Intracranial EEG‐fMRI can be used to probe the hemodynamic response to HFOs. The hemodynamic response associated with HFOs that co‐occur with IEDs better identifies known epileptic tissue than HFOs that occur independently.
Fluoxetine accelerates epileptogenesis and magnifies disease severity in a rat model of acquired epilepsy
Authors: Dezsi Gabi , Ozturk Ezgi , Wong Davy , Hudson Matthew R. , Martello Gabriella , Gomes Flavia M. M. , Salzberg Michael R. , Morris Margaret J. , O'Brien Terence J. , Jones Nigel C.
Published: August 2024

Objective

Many people with epilepsy experience comorbid anxiety and depression, and antidepressants remain a primary treatment for this. Emerging evidence suggests that these agents may modulate epileptogenesis to influence disease severity. Here, we assessed how treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant fluoxetine impacts epileptogenic, behavioral, and pathological sequelae following status epilepticus.

Methods

Male Wistar rats received kainic acid to induce status epilepticus (SE) or vehicle (sham). Animals then received either fluoxetine (10 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 8 weeks via subcutaneous osmotic pump. Video‐electroencephalography was recorded continuously until behavioral testing at day 56, including assessments of anxiety‐ and depression‐like behavior and spatial cognition. Postmortem immunocytochemistry studies examined mossy fiber sprouting.

Results

Fluoxetine treatment significantly accelerated epileptogenesis following SE, reducing the average period to the first spontaneous seizure (from 32 days [vehicle] to 6 days [fluoxetine], p < .01). Also, fluoxetine exposure magnified the severity of the resultant epilepsy, increasing seizure frequency compared to vehicle (p < .01). Exposure to fluoxetine was associated with improved anxiety‐ and depression‐like behaviors but significantly worsened cognition. Mossy fiber sprouting was more pronounced in fluoxetine‐treated rats compared to vehicle (p < .0001).

Significance

Our studies demonstrate that, using a model exhibiting spontaneous seizures, epileptogenesis is accelerated and magnified by fluoxetine, an effect that may be related to more severe pathological neuroplasticity. The differential influence of fluoxetine on behavior indicates that different circuitry and mechanisms are responsible for these comorbidities. These findings suggest that caution should be exercised when prescribing SSRI antidepressants to people at risk of developing epilepsy.
The role of the gut microbiota in regulating responses to vaccination: current knowledge and future directions
Authors: Rossouw Charné , Ryan Feargal J. , Lynn David J.
Published: August 2024

Antigen‐specific B and T cell responses play a critical role in vaccine‐mediated protection against infectious diseases, but these responses are highly variable between individuals and vaccine immunogenicity is frequently sub‐optimal in infants, the elderly and in people living in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Although many factors such as nutrition, age, sex, genetics, environmental exposures, and infections may all contribute to variable vaccine immunogenicity, mounting evidence indicates that the gut microbiota is an important and targetable factor shaping optimal immune responses to vaccination. In this review, we discuss evidence from human, preclinical and experimental studies supporting a role for a healthy gut microbiota in mediating optimal vaccine immunogenicity, including the immunogenicity of COVID‐19 vaccines. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the potential mechanisms through which this could occur and discuss strategies that could be used to target the microbiota to boost vaccine immunogenicity where it is currently sub‐optimal.
Alfalfa‐bermudagrass mixtures managed under contrasting harvest strategies in the southeastern US
Authors: Burt Justin C. , Baxter Lisa L. , Silva Liliane S. , Vasco Carol M. , Prevatt Christopher G. , Mullenix M. Kimberly , Lawton Stewart R. , Tucker Jennifer J.
Published: August 2024

The incorporation of dual‐purpose alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars into bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) is a viable option to extend the grazing season in Southern forage systems. However, data are limited on which harvest management strategy (HMS) optimizes the use of alfalfa‐bermudagrass (ABG) mixtures in the Southern US. A two‐year study evaluated ABG mixtures under three HMS [cut only (CO), graze only (GO), or cut and graze (CG)].in Headland, AL and Tifton, GA. Alfalfa‐bermudagrass mixtures utilized in this evaluation were ‘Bulldog 805’ alfalfa that was interseeded into ‘Tifton 85’ bermudagrass. Treatments were evaluated for forage, animal, and total system performance. Herbage accumulation varied by year and location (p < .01), but the number of harvests ultimately determined the total forage produced. Forage allowance was never limiting but did differ among treatments at Tifton, GA (p = .02). The CG HMS allowed for similar daily (p > .06) and liveweight gains (p > .56) on fewer days of grazing as compared to the GO treatments. The greater alfalfa percentage in the CG HMS translated to greater total digestible nutrients (TDN) and crude protein (CP), though not always statistically different. The CO HMS maximized system performance when evaluated for total gain (actual gains + predicted gains). However, the CG management allowed for more production opportunities across the season, thereby reducing economic risk. Future research should focus on evaluating the economic implications of introducing each HMS into ABG systems.
Acute neuromuscular and perceptual responses to blood flow restriction exercise in adults with severe haemophilia: A pilot study
Authors: Ogrezeanu Daniel C. , Calatayud Joaquín , Rodríguez Sergi , Carrasco Juan J. , Martinez‐Valdes Eduardo , Casaña José , Cruz‐Montecinos Carlos , Andersen Lars L. , Aagaard Per , López‐Bueno Rubén , Pérez‐Alenda Sofía
Published: August 2024

Introduction

No previous studies have implemented a standard blood flow restriction (BFR) training session in people with severe haemophilia (PwH), where this type of training has been contraindicated.

Aims

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tolerability, adverse events, and neuromuscular and perceptual responses to an acute session of low load (LL) knee extensions with BFR in PwH under prophylaxis.

Methods

Eight PwH performed one LL‐BFR session with 40% arterial occlusion pressure (AOP). Perceptual responses and adverse effects were assessed, together with high‐density surface electromyography of vastus medialis (VM) and lateralis (VL).

Results

Significant normalized root mean square differences were found within each set, but not between sets. Spatial distribution (centroid displacement (p > .05), modified entropy (VM, set two, cycles three and five, p = .032) and coefficient of variation (VM, set two, cycles four and five lower than cycle three (p = .049; p = .036)) showed changes within each set. Median frequency showed a slight increase during cycle four of set four (p = .030). Rate of perceived exertion slightly increased with each set while tolerability slightly decreased in the last set and fear of training with BFR generally decreased after the session.

Conclusions

In PwH, a LL‐BFR session at 40% AOP is safe and feasible. Our results suggest that potential muscle impairments may blunt neuromuscular adaptations induced by BFR.
Information and health literacy policies during pandemics: A narrative review
Authors: Danaei Mehrabad Shabnam , Panahi Sirous , Sedghi Shahram , Aryankhesal Aidin
Published: August 2024

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic has compelled governments globally to formulate policies addressing the unique needs of their populations. These policies are critical in disseminating accurate information and enhancing health literacy during crises.

Objective

This narrative review aims to identify and assess effective information and health literacy policies implemented during pandemics.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was performed across five electronic information sources (PubMed, Science Direct, ProQuest, Emerald Insight, Scopus), supplemented by Google Scholar. The analysis employed Walt and Gilson's health policy triangle framework to categorize and evaluate the findings.

Results

The review revealed that the policies could be grouped into several key categories: educational programs, laws and regulations, knowledge sharing, national programs, and different information sources. The development of these policies involved multifaceted processes influenced by political, scientific, economic, cultural and social factors, as well as the involvement of multiple stakeholders.

Conclusions

This review offers significant insights and actionable recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders. By understanding the dimensions and components of effective information and health literacy policies, stakeholders can better prepare for and respond to future pandemics and similar health crises.
Effects of curdlan on the quality of frozen steamed bread: quality changes, water state and starch crystallinity
Authors: Hou Liuyu , Zhao Beibei , Fu Shijian , Liu Ting , Liu Xinru , Li Hua
Published: August 2024

The purpose of the study was to explore the effects of curdlan on the textural and sensory qualities of frozen steamed bread (FSB), as well as water state and starch properties during freezing. The results showed that incorporation of curdlan improved the springiness and resilience, while it reduced the hardness and chewiness of FSB. The quality deterioration of FSB was largely caused by the growth and recrystalisation of ice crystals. However, incorporation of curdlan mitigated this adverse impact by regulating water state. Specifically, it increased water content, inhibited water migration, and significantly decreased freezable water content. Additionally, curdlan also decreased starch relative crystallinity, which hindered its retrogradation and thus maintained the overall quality of FSB. Notably, inclusion of 0.5% curdlan exhibited optimal effectiveness in improving quality as evidenced by the highest sensory score obtained.
Evaluation of an integrated activated partial thromboplastin time (Cephen LS/Cephen) for the detection of lupus anticoagulant
Authors: Thiriet Adrien , Poindron Vincent , Sattler Laurent , Wimmer Jordan , Rolland Delphine , Korganow Anne‐Sophie , Mauvieux Laurent , Herb Agathe
Published: August 2024

Introduction

It is recommended to use two chronometric assays of different principles for the diagnosis of lupus anticoagulant (LA), consisting in diluted Russell Viper Venom Time (dRVVT) and activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT). Yet, there are only a few integrated aPTT assays; this study aims to evaluate one of them: Cephen LS/Cephen (Hyphen Biomed).

Method

249 samples of patients were included in this study. Normal reference ranges were determined with platelet‐poor plasma (PPP) from healthy blood donors. Performances were then evaluated by comparing Cephen LS/Cephen test results to the results of the laboratory's reference assay for the diagnosis of LA and to clinical data, both on non‐anticoagulated and anticoagulated patients' samples (Unfractioned heparin (UFH), Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH), Vitamin K Antagonists (VKA) and apixaban). Interference of UFH, LMWH and VKA were also evaluated thanks to spiking experiment of increasing heparin concentrations or factor deficiency.

Results

Cephen LS/Cephen test had 48.6% sensitivity towards LA. Although UFH and VKA seemed to interfere with this assay and were likely to cause false negative, LMWH and apixaban did not.

Finally, combination of Cephen LS/ Cephen with dRVVT had 89.0% sensitivity.

Conclusion

Cephen LS/Cephen seems relevant for LA diagnosis, in combination with dRVVT, and might be used in patients undergoing LMWH or apixaban therapy.
Diagnostic Overshadowing of Chronic Hepatitis C in People With Mental Health Conditions Who Inject Drugs: A Scoping Review
Authors: Preston Regan , Christmass Michael , Lim Eric , McGough Shirley , Heslop Karen
Published: August 2024

Diagnostic overshadowing refers to a phenomenon whereby people with mental health conditions encounter inadequate or delayed medical attention and misdiagnosis. This occurs when physical symptoms are mistakenly attributed to their mental health condition. This paper presents a scoping review focusing on direct causes and background factors of diagnostic overshadowing in the context of hepatitis C infection in people who inject drugs and have concurrent mental health conditions. Despite significant strides in hepatitis C treatment with direct‐acting antiviral drugs, the complex interplay of mental health conditions and physical symptoms necessitates a nuanced approach for accurate diagnosis and effective screening. This review was conducted using Joanna Briggs Institute's methodology for scoping reviews. The databases searched included Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Global Health, CINAHL and Scopus. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR). The search strategies identified 1995 records. Overall, 166 studies were excluded. Forty‐two (42) studies met the inclusion criteria. Three (n = 3) studies represented direct causes, and 39 (n = 39) with background factors related to diagnostic overshadowing. Studies highlighted six key themes encompassing diagnostic overshadowing, with communication barriers, stigma and knowledge deficiencies being the most prominent. Recognising and addressing diagnostic overshadowing in chronic hepatitis C will lead to increased screening, diagnosis and timely administration of life‐saving antiviral therapy, resulting in profound enhancements in well‐being and health outcomes. Moreover, this proactive approach will play a pivotal role in advancing the global effort towards eliminating hepatitis C by 2030.
A robust optimisation approach for the placement of forest fire suppression resources
Authors: Mendes André Bergsten , e Alvelos Filipe Pereira
Published: August 2024

This research develops an initial attack plan for combating forest fires in any wildland areas susceptible to fire outbreaks. To be eligible for such a plan, the landscape must have been previously mapped and modelled concerning spatial and topographic data and fuel levels. Thus, when ignition occurs, one can predict the expected fire behaviour in terms of spread direction and rate of spread. With such information, decisions can be taken on where and when to position the suppression resources. This paper extends a recent contribution to this subject, generalising each node's resource requirement, allowing a more precise modelling of non‐homogeneous landscapes. Moreover, we treat the cases where the estimated number of resources may not be sufficient to deal with the fire intensity, which becomes revealed only at the fire scene. In such cases, additional resources may be needed to contain the fire effectively. This worst‐case approach is modelled with the support of the robust optimisation paradigm. We propose a deterministic mathematical programming model, a robust optimisation counterpart, and a robust tabu search (RoTS) algorithm. We adapt instances from the literature, which are optimally solved by a commercial solver and used for assessing the quality of the RoTS. The proposed algorithm could optimally solve 94 of 96 instances. Finally, we conducted a Monte Carlo simulation as part of a risk analysis assessment of the generated solutions.