bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Idea of Reward in Morality
Authors: Walker Jeremy
Published: March 2024

The Idea of Reward in Morality
Was heisst existieren. Bemerkungen zu Frank-Eberhard Wilde: Kierkegaards »Verständnis der Existenz«
Authors: Paulsen Anna
Published: March 2024

Was heisst existieren: Bemerkungen zu Frank-Eberhard Wilde: »Kierkegaards Verständnis der Existenz« (Rosenkilde and Bagger, Copenhagen 1969)
Einige Beobachtungen im Bezug auf die lateinischen Übersetzungen Søren Kierkegaards aus dem griechischen Neuen Testament
Authors: Sorainen Kalle
Published: March 2024

Einige Beobachtungen im Bezug auf die lateinischen Übersetzungen Søren Kierkegaards aus dem griechischen Neuen Testament
Ausformung und Vertiefung von Begriffen bei S. Kierkegaard als Folge seines Bibelstudiums
Authors: V. Kloden Wolfdietrich
Published: March 2024

Ausformung und Vertiefung von Begriffen bei S. Kierkegaard als Folge seines Bibelstudiums
Begreberne Immanens og Transcendens hos Søren Kierkegaard
Authors: Malantschuk Gregor
Published: March 2024

Begreberne Immanens og Transcendens hos Søren Kierkegaard
The Period of Composition of Kierkegaard's Published Works
Authors: McKinnon Alastair , Cappelørn Niels Jørgen
Published: March 2024

The Period of Composition of Kierkegaard's Published Works
Kierkegaard: North American Dissertations 1934-1973 in the Fields of Philosophy, Religion, and General Literature
Authors: Rohatyn Dennis A.
Published: March 2024

Kierkegaard: North American Dissertations 1934-1973 in the Fields of Philosophy, Religion, and General Literature
"Puzel" or "Pussel" and the Virgin Mary: 1 Henry VI and Anti-Catholic Polemic
Authors: Cottegnies Line
Published: March 2024

The collaborative nature of 1 Henry VI has long been accepted, like the identity of Christopher Marlowe as one of the play’s authors. This article does not engage with the question of authorship as such, but interrogates Marlowe’s possible involvement in the Joan Pucelle scenes. It investigates what the depiction of Joan La Pucelle as a witch and a whore owes to contemporary anti-Catholic polemic, and argues that the emphasis in the play on the figure of the Virgin Mary is distinctive and significant. It proposes to contextualize the treatment of Joan Pucelle by confronting it to Doctor Faustus and The Massacre at Paris, two plays that were performed the same year as 1 Henry VI at the Rose Theatre.
La norma i el canvi lexicosemàntic: el cas de «desenvolupar»
Authors: Martines Josep , Martínez-Martínez Caterina
Published: March 2024

En quina mesura el procés de codificació iniciat per Pompeu Fabra a la primeria del segle XX ha influït la llengua catalana i, més concretament, el lèxic del català contemporani? Aquest és l’interrogant que ens va moure a dissenyar un projecte de recerca centrat a analitzar la repercussió del procés de normativització sobre l’evolució del català actual. En aquesta ocasió, ens centrarem en el cas de desenvolupar (i el derivat desenvolupament) i envolupar. Descrivim i examinem la història i l’estructura semàntica de tots dos verbs. La recuperació de desenvolupar i la creació de desenvolupament amb significats nous per part del model normatiu obeeixen a cobrir necessitats expressives de la societat del segle XX. Representen un grapat de mots recuperats de la llengua antiga després d’haver caigut en desús o fins i tot sense que haguessen tingut gaire arrelament. El cas del verb desenvolupar i el derivat desenvolupament pot veure’s com una història d’èxit.
Vicent Simbor Roig, «La nació literària de Joan Fuster», València, Càtedra Joan Fuster / Publicacions de la Universitat de València, 2022, 195 p.
Authors: Ardolino Francesco
Published: March 2024

Ressenya sobre el llibre de Vicent Simbor Roig, La nació literària de Joan Fuster, València, Càtedra Joan Fuster / Publicacions de la Universitat de València, 2022, 195 p., ISBN: 978-84-9134-930-3.
Teresa Cabré, «Terminology. Cognition, language and communication», Amsterdam/Filadèlfia, John Benjamins, 2023, IVITRA Research in Linguistics and Literature Studies, Editions and Translations, 36, 371 p.
Authors: Cuenca Ordinyana Maria Josep
Published: March 2024

Ressenya sobre el llibre de Teresa Cabré, Terminology. Cognition, language and communication, Amsterdam/Filadèlfia, John Benjamins, 2023, IVITRA Research in Linguistics and Literature Studies, Editions and Translations, 36, 371 p., ISBN: 978 90 272 1402 7.
Institut d’Estudis Catalans, «Diccionari essencial de la llengua catalana», Barcelona, Institut d’Estudis Catalans, 2023
Authors: Guardiola Savall M. Isabel
Published: March 2024

Ressenya sobre el Diccionari essencial de la llengua catalana, Barcelona, Institut d’Estudis Catalans, 2023, ISBN: 978-84-9965-713-4.
La forja de un censor: Miguel de la Pinta Llorente en los años del drama civil
Authors: Rodrigo Mancho Ricardo
Published: March 2024

El agustino Miguel de la Pinta Llorente colaboró con el servicio de censura previa durante los años comprendidos entre 1954 y 1963. Los principios religiosos, la salvaguardia de la moral tradicional y el apoyo al régimen franquista son las directrices de censura más reiteradas en sus resoluciones. La defensa del modelo reaccionario y el nulo interés por revisar los automatismos ideológicos se afianzaron en los años de la guerra civil española y en la inmediata posguerra, tal y como se recoge en las crónicas de los historiadores de la orden agustina.
La hipòtesi de Riemann: El gran repte pendent
Authors: Bayer Pilar
Published: March 2024

La hipòtesi de Riemann és una afirmació, no demostrada, que fa referència als zeros de la funció zeta de Riemann. Bernhard Riemann calculà els sis primers zeros no trivials d’aquesta funció i observà que tots estaven sobre una mateixa recta. En una memòria publicada l’any 1859, Riemann comentà que aquest podria ben bé tractar-se d’un fet general. La hipòtesi de Riemann afirma que tots els zeros no trivials de la funció zeta es troben en la recta x = 1/2. Més de deu bilions de zeros calculats fins avui, tots alineats sobre la recta crítica, corroboren la sospita de Riemann, però ningú encara no ha pogut provar que la funció zeta no tingui zeros no trivials fora d’aquesta recta.
Editorial
Authors: Domínguez Martí
Published: March 2024

The last two years have undoubtedly been marked by the COVID-19 pandemic. While 2020 was the year in which we discovered SARS-CoV-2 and its consequences for human heath, economy, and our way of life in general, 2021 was the year of the vaccines. We have now started a more hopeful 2022, precisely because of the positive impact of the vaccination effort. Vaccination has also evidenced a two-fold duality: on the one hand, between the countries that have had access to the vaccine and those where it is not yet accessible. This has highlighted the lack of solidarity in a world where local events lead to global consequences. On the other hand, however, we have also witnessed an internal duality in countries that have monopolised vaccination resources: among those who had access to vaccines, anti-vaccination and anti-science movements have emerged that have undermined vaccination effectiveness. Hence, while in Spain more than 80 % of the population has received the COVID vaccine (with percentages close to 100 % among the elderly and other groups most vulnerable to the disease), in the USA and other European countries, reluctance to vaccinate has led to the governmental vaccination plans stalling. This paradox has meant that countries with large reserves of vaccines still have high percentages of unvaccinated citizens, while in some parts of the world vaccination coverage is still below 3 %.
The thin line. Cancer in the 21st century
Authors: García Ana
Published: March 2024

Diagnosis, treatment and even the very concept of cancer as a disease have changed significantly over time. From a single and incurable disease, it is now considered a disease in which many predisposing factors come into play, and which is curable in a high percentage of cases (over 50%) or, if incurable, takes the form of chronic illness.
Pathfinders in Science. Scientific expeditions at the vanguard of discovery
Authors: Camarasa Josep Maria
Published: March 2024

Any journey, even the most trivial beach-resort package tour, has an element of discovery, however dozy the traveller may be. For some, discovery may just mean getting to know new places and sharing new experiences, but there have been (and still are) certain travellers for whom discovery and the subsequent communication of their experiences represent the sole mission of their expeditions.
What is science? A multidisciplinary approach to scientific thought
Authors: Domínguez Martí , Sapiña Lucía
Published: March 2024

Science, more specifi cally scientifi c knowledge, occupies the core of our society. We make science, we speak, defend, communicate science... And science permeates our discourse and our conception of the world. However, what do we mean by science? Several particular disciplines? A manner for the extraction of knowledge?
Communicating health. Medical outreach efforts in the media
Authors: Sapiña Lucía
Published: March 2024

Good communication is fundamental in the promotion and maintenance of individual and collective health. Despite the vast amount of information we can currently access, misconceptions still persist in fundamental topics such as vaccination or the prevention and treatment of certain serious or chronic diseases such as cancer or AIDS. People have to make decisions concerning their health, and must be informed rigorously and sincerely to that end. However, this task is not simple. It is essential to understand how the different communicative processes work and reflect on the role of the media in this field.
Bringing the University to the foreground
Authors: Morcillo Esteban
Published: March 2024

One of the most essential goals of the University of Valencia is promoting prestigious research with international impact to contribute to the development of our society. The publication of research results needs to respond, now more than ever, to assessment and editorial standards in order to guarantee a high quality level. The University of Valencia boasts about 3,000 papers published by its professors and researchers in impact journals. The effort to publish in the most prominent scientific journals is clear, and the seal of quality of our research. In fields such as chemistry, the University of Valencia is the second Spanish university in number of scientific papers and our research groups in physics and astronomy are involved in the top international research networks.
Esteban Morcillo. Principal of the University of Valencia (Spain).
Publishing science: A chronic problem
Authors: Tejada Palacios Javier
Published: March 2024

I write this article in the midst of a controversy among Spanish scientists regarding an alleged fraud in the works of one of them. If the accusations were true, published works, allegedly manipulated, passed the most rigorous scientific excellence tests for years. Fraud and plagiarism in science deserve another reading as well: if in this day and age we see counterfeit euros, handbags, drugs, electronic components... Why not scientific works?
Javier Tejada Palacios. Full Professor of Fundamental Physics of the University of Barcelona (Spain).
Interference. The troubled relationship between science and ideology
Authors: Domínguez Martí
Published: March 2024

«Knowledge without conscience is but the ruin of the soul», François Rabelais wrote. With this famous sentence, the French writer warned about the danger of letting ourselves be carried away by excessively scientistic thinking. Goya also wrote: «The sleep of reason produces monsters», insisting on the risk of a stark vision of reality exclusively dictated by reason that removed any room for feeling.
Sapiens. In the path of the human being
Authors: Agustí Jordi
Published: March 2024

Despite the disorientation caused by the almost continuous bombardment of news about the discovery of a new fossil that revolutionises everything we knew about human evolution, at the beginning of the twenty-first century, there is a broad consensus on certain key moments in our evolution: from the first clearly bipedal hominines, about 4 million years ago, to the origin of our own species, Homo sapiens, around 300,000 years ago. This consensus on the broad lines of our evolution, however, does not preclude a considerable number of unanswered questions and uncertainties, which are still under discussion today.
Scientific research by British authors on the Second World War as an element of information and psychological confrontation with Russia
Authors: Il'ichev Aleksei Vladimirovich
Published: March 2024

The article examines the political and ideological narratives in the scientific research of British authors devoted to the Second World War. The purpose of this publication is to study the works of British authors as a tool of information and psychological warfare aimed at promoting a certain ideological agenda in Russian society. In the course of the study, some recommendations were formulated that can contribute to strengthening state policy in the field of preserving historical memory. The subject of the research is the scientific research of such authors as: E. Beevor, M. Hastings, T.Ripley, K.Aylesby, S. Crawford, N. Cornish, S.Hart, R. Hart and M. Hughes. The object is political and ideological narratives aimed at promoting the pro-Western agenda in the information and educational field, as well as in the publishing sphere. The research methodology was subordinated to the goals and objectives of the work, directly reflecting the interdisciplinary nature of the topic under study. To identify the main narratives in the works of foreign authors, a qualitative content analysis was conducted aimed at reflecting the main plots, images and their political and ideological content. According to the results of the study, it was revealed that the distortion and manipulation of historical memory in the research of British authors is aimed at promoting a certain ideological and political agenda. This process is carried out using a one-sided selection of facts in the description, certain events and the placement of narrative accents, as well as in the dehumanization of the Red Army and the Soviet Union. The narrative constructed by Western authors is aimed at both the internal audience and the younger generation within our country, in order to involve them in the areola of Western information policy. Today, the narrative of the Second World War is used by modern researchers and politicians of the Western world as a tool to promote the anti-Russian agenda. In order to counteract the Western policy of distorting historical memory, it is necessary to take a number of the following measures: the promotion of popular scientific journals on history, the return of editorial edits and articles from the editor when publishing research by Western authors, the return of printing memoirs of Red Army soldiers and the restriction of publication of memoirs of the German military.
Bilac vivo
Authors: Simões Junior Álvaro Santos
Published: March 2024

Com Poesias (1888) e Tarde (1919), entre outras obras, Olavo Bilac (1865-1918) insere seu nome na história da literatura brasileira como um dos principais poetas parnasianos, dos quais é certamente o mais popular, graças à sensualidade decorosa e ao sentimentalismo mitigado, além da habilidade versificatória. Junto a seus contemporâneos, o escritor adquire também sólida reputação como jornalista, orador e intelectual politicamente empenhado. Neste livro, estão reunidos ensaios que contemplam várias facetas da múltipla atuação pública de Bilac e põem em relevo algumas de suas intervenções em favor da liberdade de imprensa, da democracia, do saneamento e da modernização urbanística do Rio de Janeiro, do serviço militar obrigatório (no contexto da Primeira Guerra Mundial) e do ensino (básico) universal, público, gratuito e de qualidade. Autor de sátiras e crônicas políticas, Olavo Bilac, nos primeiros anos da República, afirma-se inclusive como um dos mais aguerridos críticos do presidente Floriano Peixoto (1839-1895), que o encarcera e obriga-o a autoexilar-se em Minas Gerais.
Comparative brain-wide mapping of ketamine- and isoflurane-activated nuclei and functional networks in the mouse brain
Authors: Hu Yue , Du Wenjie , Qi Jiangtao , Luo Huoqing , Zhang Zhao , Luo Mengqiang , Wang Yingwei
Published: March 2024

Ketamine (KET) and isoflurane (ISO) are two widely used general anesthetics, yet their distinct and shared neurophysiological mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the effects of KET and ISO on c-Fos expression across the mouse brain, utilizing hierarchical clustering and c-Fos-based functional network analysis to evaluate the responses of individual brain regions to each anesthetic. Our findings reveal that KET activates a wide range of brain regions, notably in the cortical and subcortical nuclei involved in sensory, motor, emotional, and reward processing, with the temporal association areas (TEa) as a strong hub, suggesting a top-down mechanism affecting consciousness by primarily targeting higher order cortical networks. In contrast, ISO predominantly influences brain regions in the hypothalamus, impacting neuroendocrine control, autonomic function, and homeostasis, with the locus coeruleus (LC) as a connector hub, indicating a bottom-up mechanism in anesthetic-induced unconsciousness. KET and ISO both activate brain areas involved in sensory processing, memory and cognition, reward and motivation, as well as autonomic and homeostatic control, highlighting their shared effects on various neural pathways. In conclusion, our results highlight the distinct but overlapping effects of KET and ISO, enriching our understanding of the mechanisms underlying general anesthesia.
Memory-specific encoding activities of the ventral tegmental area dopamine and GABA neurons
Authors: Glykos Vasileios , Fujisawa Shigeyoshi
Published: March 2024

Although the midbrain dopamine (DA) system plays a crucial role in higher cognitive functions, including updating and maintaining short-term memory, the encoding properties of the somatic spiking activity of ventral tegmental area (VTA) DA neurons for short-term memory computations have not yet been identified. Here, we probed and analyzed the activity of optogenetically identified DA and GABA neurons while mice engaged in short-term memory-dependent behavior in a T-maze task. Single-neuron analysis revealed that significant subpopulations of DA and GABA neurons responded differently between left and right trials in the memory delay. With a series of control behavioral tasks and regression analysis tools, we show that firing rate differences are linked to short-term memory-dependent decisions and cannot be explained by reward-related processes, motivated behavior, or motor-related activities. This evidence provides novel insights into the mnemonic encoding activities of midbrain DA and GABA neurons.
A dynamic neural resource model bridges sensory and working memory
Authors: Tomić Ivan , Bays Paul M.
Published: March 2024

Probing memory of a complex visual image within a few hundred milliseconds after its disappearance reveals significantly greater fidelity of recall than if the probe is delayed by as little as a second. Classically interpreted, the former taps into a detailed but rapidly decaying visual sensory or “iconic” memory (IM), while the latter relies on capacity-limited but comparatively stable visual working memory (VWM). While iconic decay and VWM capacity have been extensively studied independently, currently no single framework quantitatively accounts for the dynamics of memory fidelity over these timescales. Here we extend a stationary neural population model of VWM with a temporal dimension, incorporating rapid sensory-driven accumulation of activity encoding each visual feature in memory, and a slower accumulation of internal error that causes memorized features to randomly drift over time. Instead of facilitating read-out from an independent sensory store, an early cue benefits recall by lifting the effective limit on VWM signal strength imposed when multiple items compete for representation, allowing memory for the cued item to be supplemented with information from the decaying sensory trace. Empirical measurements of human recall dynamics validate these predictions while excluding alternative model architectures. A key conclusion is that differences in capacity classically thought to distinguish IM and VWM are in fact contingent upon a single resource-limited WM store.
Space as a Scaffold for Rotational Generalisation of Abstract Concepts
Authors: Lerousseau Jacques Pesnot , Summerfield Christopher
Published: March 2024

Learning invariances allows us to generalise. In the visual modality, invariant representations allow us to recognise objects despite translations or rotations in physical space. However, how we learn the invariances that allow us to generalise abstract patterns of sensory data (“concepts”) is a longstanding puzzle. Here, we study how humans generalise relational patterns in stimulation sequences that are defined by either transitions on a nonspatial two-dimensional feature manifold, or by transitions in physical space. We measure rotational generalisation, that is the ability to recognise concepts even when their corresponding transition vectors are rotated. We find that humans naturally generalise to rotated exemplars when stimuli are defined in physical space, but not when they are defined as positions on a nonspatial feature manifold. However, if participants are first pre-trained to map auditory or visual features to spatial locations, then rotational generalisation becomes possible even in nonspatial domains. These results imply that space acts as a scaffold for learning more abstract conceptual invariances.
Mechanism of Dimer Selectivity and Binding Cooperativity of BRAF inhibitors
Authors: Clayton Joseph , Romany Aarion , Matenoglou Evangelia , Gavathiotis Evripidis , Poulikakos Poulikos I. , Shen Jana
Published: March 2024

Aberrant signaling of BRAF
V600E
is a major cancer driver. Current FDA-approved RAF inhibitors selectively inhibit the monomeric BRAF
V600E
and suffer from tumor resistance. Recently, dimer-selective and equipotent RAF inhibitors have been developed; however, the mechanism of dimer selectivity is poorly understood. Here, we report extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the monomeric and dimeric BRAF
V600E
in the apo form or in complex with one or two dimer-selective (PHI1) or equipotent (LY3009120) inhibitor(s). The simulations uncovered the unprecedented details of the remarkable allostery in BRAF
V600E
dimerization and inhibitor binding. Specifically, dimerization retrains and shifts the
α
C helix inward and increases the flexibility of the DFG motif; dimer compatibility is due to the promotion of the
α
C-in conformation, which is stabilized by a hydrogen bond formation between the inhibitor and the
α
C Glu501. A more stable hydrogen bond further restrains and shifts the
α
C helix inward, which incurs a larger entropic penalty that disfavors monomer binding. This mechanism led us to propose an empirical way based on the co-crystal structure to assess the dimer selectivity of a BRAF
V600E
inhibitor. Simulations also revealed that the positive cooperativity of PHI1 is due to its ability to preorganize the
α
C and DFG conformation in the opposite protomer, priming it for binding the second inhibitor. The atomically detailed view of the interplay between BRAF dimerization and inhibitor allostery as well as cooperativity has implications for understanding kinase signaling and contributes to the design of protomer selective RAF inhibitors.
Clinical Profile and Outcome of Moderate to Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in a Paediatric Intensive Care Unit of Eastern India: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Mondal Gobinda , Sahoo Manoj Kumar , Das Anjan Kumar , Roy Banasree , Mandal Asok Kumar
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Paediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (PARDS) remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity in Paediatric Intensive Care Units (PICU) despite various advanced management strategies. The management and outcome of PARDS depend on the severity of the disease. Aim: To study the clinical profile in terms of aetiology and outcome of paediatric patients with moderate to severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in the PICU. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted at the PICU in Dr. BC Roy Postgraduate Institute of Paediatric Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, from July 2018 to June 2019. A total of 120 children aged between two months and 12 years who developed moderate to severe ARDS according to Paediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference (PALICC) criteria were included. Demographic details, different risk factors, morbidity patterns, and outcomes were recorded. Patients were categorised into three groups based on Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP): 5-8 cm of H2 O, 9-12 cm of H2 O, and >12 cm of H2 O. Based on Peak Inspiratory Pressure (PIP), patients were divided into two groups: <30 cm of H2 O and 30-35 cm of H2 O. Data were statistically analysed using the Chisquare test, Fisher’s test, and t-tests where applicable. Results: Out of a total of 120 children with moderate to severe ARDS, there were 75 males and 45 females. Direct lung injury accounted for 79 cases (65.5%), while indirect lung injury occurred in 41 cases (34.5%). Pneumonia and sepsis were the most common causes of direct and indirect lung injury, respectively. Among 75 cases of pneumonia, 40 deaths were reported (53.3%), and out of 37 cases of sepsis, 31 resulted in death (83%). On the day of admission, 38.3% of cases were classified as moderate ARDS and 61.7% as severe ARDS. The mortality rate for severe ARDS was 77%, compared to 43.5% for moderate ARDS. The mortality rate was 100% in the PEEP max >12 cm of H2 O group and 84.4% in the PIP 30-35 cm of H2 O group. Conclusion: The majority of ARDS cases are due to direct lung injury caused by pneumonia, and the outcome is better than in cases of indirect lung injury. Mortality is nearly twice as high in severe ARDS as in moderate ARDS.
Diagnostic Validity of Urinalysis in Comparison with Urine Culture Prior to Micturating Cystourethrogram in Children: A Retrospective Observational Study at a Tertiary Care Centre in Kerala, India
Authors: Puthenvariath Jagadeesh Nelluvayil , Narayanan Sarath Kumar
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Micturating Cystourethrogram (MCUG)-triggered Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are well-known, but the risk factors that trigger infections are not well studied. Even though MCUG being invasive, there is no general consensus regarding the use of peri-procedural antibiotic coverage and screening for sub-clinical UTIs just before MCUG. Aim: To determine the diagnostic validity of Urinalysis (UA) when compared with the gold standard, Urine Culture and Sensitivity (UCS), to exclude pre-procedure infections. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study involved paediatric patients who underwent MCUG from January 2021 to December 2022, at Kozhikode Government Medical College (Kerala) to exclude urological anomalies. All children were tested with UA and UCS before MCUG, which was done under antibiotic coverage. A positive UCS was defined as a significant growth of a single organism (>100,000 for mid-stream urine or >50,000 for catheterised sample), while a positive UA was defined as pus cells >5/high power field on microscopy. After exclusions, the authors analysed 300 patients. The diagnostic validity of UA was assessed using the Pearson Chi-square test, by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The median age was nine months (IQR 13 months) with 68% being male. The most common indication for MCUG was evaluation for recurrent/febrile UTIs (n=171, 56.6%). Both Pre-MCUG, UA and UCS were documented as positive in eight patients (2.6%), and pre-MCUG, UCS alone was positive in two patients. The diagnostic validity of UA when compared with UCS showed high specificity and positive predictive values at 100% (p<0.05). Conclusion: A simple UA, when compared with UCS (the gold standard investigation for UTIs), has high specificity and positive predictive value in excluding sub-clinical UTIs prior to MCUGs. It may be preferable as it yields quick and reliable results.
A Study on Savings Behaviour in Households of Small Farmers in Raipur District, Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Ghidode Sarita , Joshi Sanjay Kumar
Published: March 2024

Every economy relies heavily on the savings generated by the household sector to expand. They are the primary driver if capital accumulation and the determinants of economic investment possibilities. Numerous factors, both internal connected directly to a certain household and external unrelated to it influence how families behave financially in terms of conserving money. The aim of this paper was to analyse savings behaviour of households of farmers in Raipur district (Chhattisgarh) in 2019, 2020 and 2021. Analyses were conducted on saving ability, saved, Extent able to survive to event to no income, Objectives and Forms of savings accumulation by households of various socio-economic groups. Analyses showed that in saving ability of household was maximum in year 2021, compared to year 2019, 2020. Most people were saved between 20-40% of their total income. Most of people can survive for over 6 months up to annual without any income using their saved income. Presents the savings preferences of different categories of farmer households. The analysis concludes that the primary savings objectives for households were covered. Households that had savings often declared that they deposited it as fixed expenditure, medical bills and Purchase for durable goods. Most people were like to save in banks. This may be because households find banks safer than other savings options.
Comparative Study of Inducing Broodstock with Natural and Artificial Hormones on Reproductive Performances of Clarias gariepinus
Authors: Otoh, A. J.  , Ekanem, I. E.  , Okoko, A. C.  , Asangusung, P. S.  , George, U. U
Published: March 2024

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of artificial and natural hormones (ovaprim and pituitary extract) on the reproductive performances of Clarias gariepinus (African catfish). A total of twenty brood stock, 12 males and 8 females with mean weight of 2.0 kg each were selected for breeding following the external morphological characteristics and standard breeding procedure. The water parameters for indoor culture tanks during the study were optimal for breeding: pH 7.31; temperature, 27.6˚C. Dissolved oxygen, 5.18 mg L-1. The result revealed no significant (P > 0.05) differences in water quality parameters between the culture tanks for artificial and natural hormonal applications during the study. The percentage fertilization, hatchability, survival and fry production success were: 89.23%, 93.31%, 87.16% and 69.41%; and 79.02%, 72.56%, 67.32% and 34.67% respectively, for pituitary extract and Ovaprim®. Pituitary extract recorded higher values and significantly performed better (P < 0.05) between the two treatments.  This indicates that natural hormone (pituitary extract) is equally effective and therefore recommended   for   the   artificial   propagation   of Clarias gariepinus.
An Innovative Approach for Maxillary Mobilization: Technique and a Case Report
Authors: Oliveira Walter Cerveira de , Perdigão Andréa Juliana Luz , Leal Marilia Oliveira Coelho Dutra , Teixeira Rubens Gonçalves , Jodas Claudio Roberto Pacheco
Published: March 2024

The Blair Cleft Palate Elevator (BCPE) was initially developed at the Craniofacial Anomalies Rehabilitation Hospital in Bauru, Brazil 1995. Orthognathic surgery is a type of surgery which involves correction of jaw and facial irregularities to avoid problems (speaking, chewing, breathing, and aesthetics). One of the most critical steps in this surgery is the maxillary mobilization, which involves moving the upper jaw into a new position to improve facial symmetry and function. Traditionally, surgeons have used Rowe forceps or Tessier mobilizer for maxillary mobilization. The purpose of paper is to describe maxillary mobilization using BCPE instrument in orthognathic surgery in detail and demonstrate the use of BCPE in maxillary mobilization as a new and innovative technique in orthognathic surgery. The method proved to be highly efficient and can be used in patients without cleft palate, and it is a trusted technique in maxillary mobilization for orthognathic surgery.
A Comprehensive Review on Water Permeability Testing and Sealing Techniques in Concrete Construction
Authors: Zhang Yuying
Published: March 2024

The durability of concrete is determined by the permeability resistance to a large extent. The permeability resistance of concrete is an important index of concrete durability. This paper introduces the water permeability test process of concrete in China, Europe and the United States, and explains the sealing method of specimens in the water permeability test of concrete according to the Chinese standard, so that the construction inspection industry personnel can choose according to the actual situation of the project and the evaluation needs.
Tumorigenicity Assays, Including Use of the Jackknife
Authors: Mantel Nathan , Tukey John W. , Ciminera Joseph L. , Heyse Joseph F.
Published: May 2007

The complexities of long‐term tumorigenicity assays are discussed and statistical approaches suggested. Account must be taken of how tumors are discovered, and a reasonable distinction might be made between self‐evidencing tumors (palpable tumors and rapidly lethal tumors) and those identified only on necropsy. Tumor autolysis can pose difficulties. The nature of the experimental design must be taken into account‐the study can be completely randomized, or may involve litter‐matching, or circumstances may require that all members of a litter be treated alike. The use of a logrank procedure or a closely equivalent Mantel‐Haenszel procedure can provide a unifying approach, but modification needs to be made so as to take into account‐data on non‐self‐evidencing tumors. Censoring plays a role, whether because of eventual study termination or because losses to competing risks are treated as censored observations. Where there are several non‐zero dosage levels, the analysis can be modified according to the dosage metric used. Multiplicity of statistical tests can arise whether because a number of questions are asked or because a multiplicity of tumor sites have to be considered. Some of the kinds of questions raised have been addressed in earlier papers by various of the present authors, to which the reader is referred. Specifically new material is given on use of the jackknife so as to take into account that the unit of observation is the litter or even the group of litters caged together. Various problems were found to attend the application of the jackknife in such situations.
A Note on the Variable Kernel Estimate
Authors: Schäfer H. , Trampisch H. J.
Published: May 2007

By a simple example it is shown how in special cases the variable kernel estimate may not give the correct qualitative impression of the estimated density.

To exclude such effects a slightly modified definition of the bandwidth of the kernels is proposed.
Correlations between Planar Random Structures, with an Ecological Application
Authors: Stoyan D. , Ohser J.
Published: May 2007

This paper suggests some characteristics which may help to detect and quantify “correlations” between planar geometrical structures such as point patterns/point processes, fibre systems/fibre processes and region patterns/random sets. Typical examples of “correlations” are mutual attraction or inhibition. Some of the characteristics are related to moment‐measures, the definition of the others is similar to that of quantities in the mathematical morphology of MATHERON and SERRA. For all quantities unbiased estimators are given. Also the detection of orientations in random structures is discussed. An ecological example demonstrates the application of the characteristics.
A Note on Balanced Sampling and Robust Genetic Predictors
Authors: Tallis G. M.
Published: May 2007

The concept of balanced sampling is applied to prediction in finite samples using model based inference procedures. Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for a general linear model with arbitrary covariance structure to yield the expansion estimator as the best linear unbiased predictor for the mean. The analysis is extended to produce a robust estimator for the mean squared error under balanced sampling and the results are discussed in the context of statistical genetics where appropriate sampling produces simple efficient and robust genetic predictors free from unnecessary genetic assumptions.
The Geometry of Path Coefficients and Correlations
Authors: Rao B. Raja , Li C. C.
Published: May 2007

In the present paper, a generalized cosine formula is obtained for the difference between two angles in a k‐dimensional Euclidean space, which is utilized to derive one of the principles of path analysis, namely, the correlation between two random variables is the sum of all connecting paths between them.
The Exact Evaluation of 2‐way Cross‐classifications Sequel: A Fugal Algorithm
Authors: Kannemann Klaus
Published: May 2007

A generalized algorithm is presented for generating the ensemble of unique r × c contingency tables with arbitrary, fixed row and column sums, and of arbitrary, even large, sizes. This further contributes to the operational solution of the exact ensemble distribution of 2‐way contingency tables and cross classifications, along with the sampling distribution of the conventional χ2‐like test statistic, or of any other test statistic calculated from the tables. The associated enumeration problem of Integer arrays with fixed row and column sums has been operationally solved.
Analysis of Covariance in Split Block Design
Authors: Kuczyński M.
Published: May 2007

In this paper the analysis of covariance in the split block design with many concomitant variables is presented. The problems concerning the estimation of parametric functions and testing hypotheses are discussed. In the presentation of the model three kinds of regression coefficients for individual sources of variation are taken into consideration. It is shown that for every estimable function of fixed effects, the best linear unbiased estimator under the assumed model is the same as the best linear unbiased estimator under the model with covariance matrix equal to identity matrix multiplied by a positive constant. A variance of this estimator can be calculated by the method presented here. Test functions for standard hypotheses concerning fixed effects are obtained.
Calculating Parameters of Multivariate F Distribution for Simultaneous Testing Linear Hypotheses
Authors: Dewięga T. , Graboś Z.
Published: May 2007

For testing a finite number of linear hypotheses the SANOVA method can be used. This method is based on the multivariate F distribution. In special case the multivariate F distribution depends on correlation coefficients of so called “accompanying” normal distribution. In this paper, formulas for calculating these coefficients are given. Some experimental designs are discussed in more detail. Theoretical considerations are illustrated by numerical examples.
A Variation of the Method of Translation to Generate Bivariate and Multivariate Survival Distributions with Competing Risk or Reliability Applications
Authors: Rao B. Raja
Published: May 2007

In the present paper, a variation of the methode of translation is discussed to generate bivariate or multivariate survival distributions starting a given bivariate or multivariate distribution which is not necessarily a life distribution. The new distribution has been called the dual of the given distribution. The duals of several bivariate and multivariate famílies of distributions are obtained, such as FRECHET'S, FARLIE‐GUMBEL‐MORGENSTERN'S, MARDIA'S and PLACKETT'S, among others. A necessary and sufficient condition is given for a bivariate distribution to be its own dual. Thus the present paper generates several survival distributions in addition to what are already available in the literature. These have important applications in competing risk theory or reliability of engineering systems.
A Comparison between the LEHMACHER & WALL Rank Tests and Pyhel's Permutation Test for the Analysis of r Independent Samples of Response Curves
Authors: Willmes K.
Published: May 2007

LEHMACHER & WALL'S (1978) example of the application of a rank test for the comparison of two independent samples of response curves is reanalyzed by PYHEL'S (1980) permutation test for the hypothesis of parallelism of response curves. This permutation test is part of a complete evaluation of effects for a split‐plot design using the permutation test based procedure by WILLMES & PYHEL (1981). Differences in test decisions are discussed.
Predictive Configural Frequency Analysis Evaluated by Simultaneous Berchtold‐Corrected Fourfold X2‐Tests
Authors: Heilmann W.‐R. , Lienert G. A.
Published: May 2007

For testing against outlying cells in r × c contingency tables in predictive configural frequency analysis, it is suggested not to replace the usual PEARSON fourfold X2‐test by YATES' discontinuity corrected test but by BERCHTOLD'S test correcting for skewed hypergeometric distributions. In general, the BERCHTOLD correction is most efficient for tables involving three small and one large fourfold frequency. The correction is illustrated by configural frequency analysis of data from psychotherapy research.
Studies of Lognormality on Mortality Statistics
Authors: Izsák J. , Juhász‐Nagy P.
Published: May 2007

For the global investigation of the frequencies of the animal or plant species, special methods where worked out decades ago. The authors recommand them for the study of morbidity and mortality statistics. When studying mortality statistics of the United States, they found that the truncated lognormal distribution could be fitted well to the totality of the causes of death frequencies in a sense sketched in the paper. But the logarithmic series was not suitable for fitting.
On Significance Testing in Comparative Epidemiologic Research
Authors: Nurminen M. , Mutanen P. , Järvinen E.
Published: May 2007

The choice of the referent entity in comparative epidemiologic studies is, of course, crucial to the attainment of a valid and sharp contrast. A commonplace procedure in large sample significance testing for (multiple) fourfold (and extended) tables is to base the estimation of the expected value (and/or the variance) on the combined study and comparison experience. This procedure is, however, deplorable in that in interim stages of the study it may hide the underlying difference in rates. The notion that the probability of the realization of the observed number of exposed cases be evaluated unconditionally assuming a binomial model with the Bernoulli parameter estimated solely by the rate in the referent series is considered. This outlook is carried over to bilateral testing. A chi square criterion accommodating this viewpoint could be used to canvass the accrued data for deciding on the prospects of continuing the data collection. A test employing exact variance estimates is derived and various methods for computing an ‘exact’ significance probability are developed. The procedure is exemplified by artificial data and accompanied by a discussion of its applicability.
A Generalized Intrinsic Rank Test for k Independent Samples
Authors: Kannemann K.
Published: May 2007

The original intrinsic rank test is generalized in that the sizes of the k samples may now be arbitrary, and the number of intrinsic rank intervals need not equal the number of samples. Furthermore, the size of these intervals can be made variable, subject only to relatively mild constraints. These generalizations permit the formulation and testing of more specific hypotheses concerning the commonality of the sample distributions. A generalized intrinsic rank function is used to transform the usual ordinal ranks, obtained from the combined samples, into intrinsic ranks. Original sample identity and intrinsic ranks are then cross‐tabulated and evaluated as 2‐way contingency table.
Bivariate Modified Power Series Distribution Some Properties, Estimation and Applications
Authors: Shoukri M. M. , Consul P. C.
Published: May 2007

The class of bivariate modified power series probability distribution (BMPSD) has been defined by P(X = x, Y=y) =a(x, y) (g(ϑ1 ϑ2))x (h(ϑ1, ϑ2))xwhere a(x,y) is a sub‐set of the Cartesian product of the set of non‐negative integers and g(ϑ1, ϑ2), h(ϑ1 ϑ2) and f(ϑ1, (ϑ1, ϑ2) are positive finite and successively differentiable functions of ϑ1and ϑ2. It includes a very large number of well known probability distributions. The recurrence relations for central moments and factorial moments have been determined. Also, the M.L. estimators for ϑ1 and ϑ2 and their asymptotic biases and variances are obtained. Some important properties are discussed. The results of an BMPSD have been applied to derive the corresponding results for the bivariate generalized negative bino‐mial distribution and the bivariate Lagrangian Poisson distribution.
On a Simple Procedure of Inclusion Probability Proportional to Sizes (IPPS) Sampling
Authors: Kumar Pranesh , Agarwal S. K.
Published: May 2007

A simple method of inclusion probability proportional to sizes is proposed for samples of size three units. It is shown that the variance of the HORVITZ‐THOMPSONestimator based on the proposed sampling scheme is uniformly smaller than that of the customary estimator used in the probability proportional to sizes with replacement sampling. Further, its performance over RAO‐HARTLEY‐COCHRANand SAMPFORDsampling schemes has been studied empirically for some of the natural populations.
A Note on RAO's Inclusion Probability Proportional to size Sampling Scheme
Authors: Agarwal S. K. , Kumar Pranesh
Published: May 2007

A sufficient condition that the variance of HORVITZ‐THOMPSONestimator for RAO's (1965) inclusion probability proportional to sizes sampling scheme of selecting two units is uniformly smaller than that of RAO, HARTLEYand COCHRAN(1962) estimator has been obtained.
A Unique Genetic Distance
Authors: Gregorius H.‐R.
Published: May 2007

The problem of measuring distances between discrete frequency distributions is considered. Three conditions are stated, which are believed to reflect basic, intuitive requirements to be met by a distance measure of the above kind with particular reference to genetic frequency distributions. These conditions chiefly concern aspects of maximum distance and linearity. It is shown that exactly one function meets the conditions, and this function, having all properties of a metric, is explicitly given.
On the Best Test for Non‐Additivity
Authors: Onukogu Ike B.
Published: May 2007

The paper introduces the concept of confounded hypotheses. In particular, it is shown that the test of goodness‐of‐fit is confounded with the test of no interaction in a two‐way classification with one observation per cell. Further, the multiple correlation coefficient is shown to be a good criterion for choosing the best from a class of good tests for non‐additivity. Finally, the question is posed about whether different statistically adequate models do converge in some sense to the same or related mathematical functions.
Testing against Ordered Alternatives in One‐way Layout
Authors: Rao K. S. Madhava , Gore A. P.
Published: May 2007

In this paper we investigate a simple method of modifying well known nonparametric tests for the several samples location problem to yield a class of test statistics suitable for ordered alternatives. Optimum member of the class is identified in each case and its efficacy obtained. The method is applied to five statistics.