bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acceptability and exploratory effects of an occupational therapy intervention to improve recovery and return to work of workers with mental health disorders in primary care: a mixed methods study protocol
Authors: Labourot Justine , Hong Quan Nha , Briand Catherine , Cameron Cynthia , Durand Marie-José , Giguère Nadia , Marois Élyse , Menear Matthew , Trottier Marielle , Vasiliadis Helen-Maria , Vachon Brigitte
Published: November 2024

Background

People with common mental disorders (CMD) are prone to experience work disabilities, which can lead to sick leave. To support their recovery and return to work, evidence recommends providing a combination of primary care services including psychological and work rehabilitation interventions. Furthermore, interventions to coordinate return to work are required to ensure timely access to services and concerted action among stakeholders. Occupational therapists are qualified to provide these interventions and to facilitate sick leave management. However, current medical practices, lack of collaboration among stakeholders, and lack of occupational therapists working within family medicine groups create highly variable care pathways and delays in access to appropriate services.

Aim

This study aims to evaluate the acceptability and explore the effects of an occupational therapist-led program integrated within family medicine groups designed to improve the management of CMD-related sick leave and promote patients' recovery and sustainable return to work in the Canadian province of Québec.

Methods

This study will consist of a mixed methods multiple case study design. It will also use a participatory research approach, actively engaging family medicine group team members and patient partners throughout the study. The occupational therapy program will include three components: 1) consultation for prevention of sick leave and support for return-to-work decisions, 2) coordination of recovery and return-to-work services, and 3) provision of recovery and work rehabilitation services adapted to each patient’s needs. Questionnaires, interviews, and focus groups will be used to collect data on the eight dimensions of the acceptability model described by Sekhon et al. and to measure pre- and post-outcomes to assess the effects of the occupational therapy program. Data will be analyzed using the Framework Method and repeated measures statistical analysis.

Discussion

We expect that the provision of this innovative occupational therapy program will improve patients’ outcomes and the service trajectory of people with CMD. This study will document how to enhance interprofessional collaboration within family medicine groups and to ensure equitable access to work rehabilitation services for all patients, thereby improving recovery and healthy sustainable return-to-work.
Health anxiety during a global pandemic: a comparison of medical and non-medical students in Mashhad, Iran
Authors: Nahidi Mahsa , Fayyazi Bordbar Mohammad Reza , Mohammadi Hanieh , Morovatdar Negar , Emadzadeh Maryam , Mirshafiei Hassan
Published: November 2024

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted mental health worldwide, especially among healthcare professionals, including medical students, who were more exposed to pandemic-related stressors. However, health anxiety within this vulnerable group remains understudied.

Objective

This study aimed to assess and compare health anxiety and COVID-19 anxiety between medical and non-medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify factors associated with these forms of anxiety.

Methods

This cross-sectional study recruited Iranian medical and non-medical students studying in Mashhad via convenience sampling using messaging apps. Participants completed a self-reported questionnaire on demographic and social factors, along with the Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI) and the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS), with higher scores reflecting greater symptom severity. Statistical analyses evaluated group differences, correlations between HAI and CDAS scores, and the influence of confounding variables.

Results

A total of 305 students participated, with 176 medical students (57.7%) and 129 non-medical students (42.3%). The majority (92.7%) reported mild COVID-19 anxiety, while 3.2% reported moderate and 0.98% reported severe COVID-19 anxiety. COVID-19 anxiety did not significantly differ between medical and non-medical students (P = 0.439). However, medical students reported significantly higher fear of illness consequences than non-medical students (P = 0.037), while no significant differences were found in susceptibility to disease (P = 0.299) or general health concern (P = 0.156). HAI and CDAS scores were significantly correlated (r = 0.30, P < 0.001). Based on logistic regression, Female gender (OR = 4.55, P = 0.002) was associated with susceptibility to health anxiety, while studying a non-medical major was associated with lower health anxiety (OR = 0.01, P < 0.001) and lower COVID-19 anxiety (OR = 0.05, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Mild COVID-19 anxiety was prevalent among both medical and non-medical students, with comparable levels of health anxiety across the groups. These findings suggest the need for targeted mental health support among students during pandemic conditions.
Comparative effectiveness of chest ultrasound, chest X-ray and computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) for tuberculosis diagnosis in low-resource setting: study protocol for a cross-sectional study from Ethiopia
Authors: Guido Giacomo , Nigussa Worku , Cotugno Sergio , Kenate Sori Birhanu , Bobbio Flavio Antonio , Gulo Berhanu , Pisani Luigi , Manenti Fabio , Miressa Mulugeta , Cavallin Francesco , Abata Surra , Segala Francesco Vladimiro , Reta Abdi , Tulome Ottavia , Putoto Giovanni , Iatta Roberta , Tuttolomondo Antonino , Veronese Nicola , Barbagallo Mario , Saracino Annalisa , Di Gennaro Francesco
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Early and accurate diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is crucial for timely treatment and prevention of transmission, but diagnostic challenges persist due to complex symptoms and limitations in diagnostic tools. Chest X-ray (CXR) is the standard imaging modality, but its sensitivity and specificity may vary. Recently, some promising alternatives emerged such as chest ultrasonography (CUS) – particularly valuable in resource-limited settings – and computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems – helping clinicians in the reading and interpretation of the CXR. However, direct comparisons of CUS, CXR, and CAD score in TB diagnosis are limited.

Methods and analysis

This cross-sectional study will assess the diagnostic effectiveness of CUS in diagnosing TB compared to CXR and CAD score among index cases and household contacts. The study will be conducted at Wolisso St. Luke Hospital (Wolisso, Ethiopia). Index cases will be subjects with diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis within 7 days. Household contacts will be identified by administering a screening questionnaire to index cases. They will undergo CXR as for standard of care and consequent CAD analysis and CUS. The anticipated sample size is 136 subjects. The common accuracy metrics (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values) will be calculated.

Ethics and dissemination

The protocol was approved by the Oromia Health Bureau Research Ethics Committee (BFO/MBTFH/1-16/1908). All information obtained will be confidential. Selected investigators will have access to data, while international partners will sign a dedicated Data Protection Agreement. Eligible subjects will receive a brief information about the study before being asked to participate and they will provide a written informed consent. Results will be conveyed to stakeholders and disseminated through conferences and peer-reviewed journals.

Clinical trial registration

NCT06409780, https://clinicaltrials.gov.
The experience of children using long-term non-invasive ventilation: a qualitative study
Authors: Olmstead Deborah , Carroll Allison , Klein Jennifer , MacLean Joanna E.
Published: November 2024

Objectives

To identify factors to optimize long-term non-invasive ventilation (LT-NIV) use by exploring the experience of children using LT-NIV and their parents.

Study design and methods

A qualitative framework analysis method was used. Children aged 8–12 years who used LT-NIV for at least 3-months and their parents/guardians were approached to participate. Thematic analysis of data derived from focus group interviews, conducted separately for children and parents, was performed. Findings were coded and grouped into identified themes.

Results

Data analysis identified four themes: (1) “The double-edged sword,” which identified benefits and challenges of LT-NIV use; (2) “Feeling different,” where children and parents described fears, frustrations, and concerns including emotional and social implications, and physical changes; (3) “It's not just about the mask,” highlighted the influence of equipment issues, including the mask interface, headgear, tubing and humidity, and their impact on tolerance and use of LT-NIV; and (4) “Through the eyes of experience—children and parents as experts for change,” which captured ideas for the functional and aesthetic improvement of the equipment including the need for pediatric specific technology.

Conclusions

LT-NIV use has two sides; it helps to improve lives though requires an investment of time and commitment to ensure success. Investing in pediatric-specific equipment needs to be a priority as do alliances between healthcare providers, children who use LT-NIV, and their families. Future technology development and studies of adherence need to consider the experiences of children and their families to reduce the challenges and support optimal use of LT-NIV.
Research progress on eco-product value realization and rural revitalization and its inspiration for karst desertification control: a systematic literature review between 1997 and 2023
Authors: Yan Jiawang , Xiong Kangning , Fu Yue , Yu Nana , Zhang Zefu , Zheng Peng
Published: November 2024

Ecological product value realization (EPVR) and rural revitalization (RR) are essential guarantees for ensuring human well-being and a better life. They are also crucial components of a promising vision for the future of the world and play a significant role in promoting the sustainable management of ecological restoration. The chain-driven mechanism of EPVR—ecological industry (EI)—RR in the karst desertification control (KDC) area has already become a key scientific issue that urgently needs to be solved during the process of promoting industrial green transformation and consolidating the results of poverty alleviation in the region, however, there is currently no clear synthesis of this issue. To address this shortfall, we have adopted a systematic literature review (SLR) framework. Based on the Web of Science (WOS) and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases, we conducted a comprehensive literature search and rigorous evaluation, obtaining 321 documents published between 1997 and 2023. These documents were systematically integrated and analyzed in depth through a systematic literature review process, aiming to provide a holistic perspective. The results indicate that (1) there is an overall fluctuating upward trend in the number of literatures issued in the time series, and the study trend is categorized into accumulation, development, and expansion periods; (2) the research area is mainly concentrated in China’s EPVR and RR pilot areas. There is a significant overlap between the hotspot of research institutions, their areas of specialization, research foundations, and geographical locations. The research content mainly includes EPVR, EI, relationship between EI and RR, models of RR and EPVR pathways; (3) the main progress and landmark results are summarized based on the research content. A series of related scientific issues and technical needs, such as eco-product (EP) value accounting, value realization mechanisms, EI formation, RR, and the chain-driven mechanism between them, are explored for future research. While summarizing the general laws, it also provides targeted insights and revelations for the subsequent sustainable management of the KDC ecosystem.
Underutilized crops for diverse, resilient and healthy agri-food systems: a systematic review of sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Ndlovu Mendy , Scheelbeek Pauline , Ngidi Mjabuliseni , Mabhaudhi Tafadzwanashe
Published: November 2024

Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) faces increasing water scarcity, food and nutrition insecurity, poverty and inequality under climate change. Under these circumstances, promoting locally adapted and nutrient-dense crops is touted as a plausible climate adaptation strategy. We reviewed the utility of neglected and underutilized crop species (NUS) as a climate change adaptation strategy to diversify local food systems and diets and improve nutritional health and environmental outcomes in SSA. We conducted a systematic literature review using Web of Science and Scopus research databases. Of the 1,545 studies retrieved, 75 were included following a multi-level screening process on Covidence guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The review consolidates fragmented knowledge on the application of NUS in different contexts. Despite growing interest, NUS remain gendered and stigmatized crops, marginalized and fragmented in research, development, and marketing efforts and lack explicit support from policy and decision-makers. Despite rhetoric purporting to support them, there is a worrying rise in policies and regulations that inadvertently hinder the development of these crops and reinforce dependence on a narrow basket of crops for food and nutrition security, undermining food sovereignty. Some NUS have received increasing recognition for their potential in the past decade. However, this is neither universal nor systematic, which makes scaling up necessary but challenging. Consequently, progress in mainstreaming NUS in local food systems continues to lag. Despite these challenges, NUS remain sub-Saharan Africa's better-bet option for diversifying food systems and transitioning them to be equitable, inclusive, resilient and healthy; hence, NUS provide positive outcomes for people and the planet under climate change.
Acute Parastomal Hernia Presentations: A 10-Year Review of Management and Outcomes
Authors: Ramli Raziqah , Ng Zi Qin , Diab Jason , Gilmore Andrew
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The acute presentation of parastomal hernia (PSH) can range from exacerbation of pain to life-threatening incarceration. Managing the acute PSH is challenging, particularly in the presence of concomitant midline incisional hernia. Most literature focuses on the outcomes of elective PSH repair. There is a paucity of literature on optimal management approaches to emergency PSH presentations. We aim to evaluate the outcomes of management of acute PSH presentations at a large acute tertiary hospital over a 10-year-period.

Methods

A retrospective analysis performed from May 2013 – May 2023 for all acute parastomal hernia presentations. The data collated included: demographics, index operation/pathology, duration of the stoma, clinical presentation, laboratory and imaging results and management outcomes (non-operative vs. operative intervention).

Results

Twenty-two admissions of acute PSH over the study period with the median age of 77 years, and 14 males. The median Charlson comorbidity score was 5. Most patients had stoma formation due to malignancy (12) with most end-colostomy (10). 11 patients had previous PSH repairs. 13 patients underwent operative intervention on index presentation via a combination of approaches. 4 required small bowel resection and 4 had resection of stoma; 4 had relocation of the stoma. There was one postoperative death due to sepsis related multi-organ failure. There were five recurrences of PSH on follow-up. Of the nine patients managed non-operatively, seven subsequently had elective reconstruction.

Conclusion

Acute PSH presentation usually requires operative intervention with considerable recurrence rates. The approach to the PSH repair, in the acute setting, needs to be individualised. Further study is required to assist with the development of guidelines for managing this difficult problem.
Cellulose-Based Acoustic Absorber with Macro-Controlled Properties
Authors: Lefebvre Jérôme , Genestie Benoit , Leblanc Alexandre
Published: November 2024

Cellulose-based materials are now commonly used, including in the field of acoustic comfort. Often presented as a less environmentally impactful alternative to traditional acoustic absorbents (such as melamine, glass wool, etc.), these cellulose-based materials are more frequently derived from recycling, undergoing, in most cases, a technical process that allows these cellulose fibers to be obtained, thus inheriting the acoustic properties of the latter, with limited or even non-existent control. This paper proposes a manufacturing process that allows for the production of cellulose foam with precise control over its porosity, pore size, and interconnections. In addition to exhibiting good sound absorption properties, this process also enables the fabrication of gradient-porous structures and other hybrid materials, which can result in remarkable sound absorption properties.
Data-Driven Sensitivity Analysis of the Influence of Geometric Parameterized Variables on Flow Fields Under Different Design Spaces
Authors: Xu Xiaoyu , Chen Hongbo , Zhang Chenliang , Duan Yanhui , Wang Guangxue
Published: November 2024

In aerodynamic shape optimization, geometric parameterized variables have a significant impact on the flow field, thereby influencing both the effectiveness and efficiency of the optimization process. This paper utilizes flow field data from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to develop a data-driven approach for analyzing the influence of geometric parameterized variables on the objective function and flow field across various design spaces. A data-driven method, namely a sensitivity analysis based on the Kriging model, is proposed along with three design space variation schemes (scaling, translation, and their combination) to evaluate the influence of geometric parameters on the objective function under varying design spaces. Furthermore, the study investigates the effects of these design space variation schemes on the sensitivity results using two test functions and a wave drag reduction case. The results of the wave drag reduction case are further analyzed in relation to flow conditions, including the Mach number and shock-wave strength. The findings indicate that design space variations alter the relationship between geometric parameters and the flow field, particularly affecting the shock-wave position and strength, as reflected by the sensitivity indices of the variables. Additionally, the sensitivity results show a strong dependence on the Mach number under varying design space configurations.
Characterization and Expression Patterns of Heat Shock Protein 70 Genes from Paracoccus marginatus in Response to Temperature and Insecticide Stress
Authors: Chen Yanting , Zhao Jianwei , Shi Mengzhu , Ruan Fei , Fu Jianwei , Liu Wanxue , Li Jianyu
Published: November 2024

The objective of this study was to identify the Hsp70s in Paracoccus marginatus and explore their roles in P. marginatus’s resistance to temperature and insecticide stress. The full-length cDNA sequences of PmHsp70s were obtained by PCR cloning and sequencing. The physicochemical and structural characteristics of PmHsp70s were analyzed, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. The gene expressions of PmHsp70s were detected using qRT-PCR to explore the impacts of temperature and insecticide stress on P. marginatus. A total of 12 PmHsp70s were identified and cloned. The amino acids encoded by PmHsp70s were found to contain highly conserved regions characteristic of the Hsp70 family. The subcellular localization results showed that the majority of PmHsp70s were located in the cytoplasm. A total of 13 unique conserved motifs were identified for the PmHsp70s, of which 9 were shared motifs. The phylogenetic tree showed that the 12 PmHsp70s could be clustered into five branches, with the closest evolutionary relationship observed with the Phenacoccus solenopsis. The expression of the majority of PmHsp70s was up-regulated in P. marginatus when subjected to heat stress, with the higher expression fold change observed for PmHsp70-9, PmHsp70-11, and PmHsp70-12. The expression of specific PmHsp70s was notably suppressed under cold stress, whereas the expression of others was markedly enhanced. Upon exposure to chlorfenapyr and lambda-cyhalothrin, the expressions of PmHsp70-11 and PmHsp70-12 were significantly up-regulated with the highest expression fold change, respectively. The results revealed the significance of specific PmHsp70s in the resistance of P. marginatus to temperature and insecticide stress. This study improved our understanding of the mechanisms underlying P. marginatus’s adaptive responses to unfavorable environmental conditions.
Current Status and Analysis of Key Technologies in Automatic Transplanters for Vegetables in China
Authors: Cheng Bo , Wu Huarui , Zhu Huaji , Liang Jie , Miao Yisheng , Cui Youlin , Song Weitang
Published: November 2024

Transplanting is a critical step in vegetable production, and the application of automatic transplanters can significantly reduce labor intensity, improve production efficiency, and enhance the precision and consistency of operations. However, automatic transplanters are structurally complex, with diverse components, each design and function offering its own advantages and limitations. To assist industry professionals in quickly understanding and selecting transplanters suited to specific crops and environments, this paper reviews three key technologies in current vegetable transplanters: planting mechanisms, automated seedling picking and placing, and tray conveyance. Each technology is classified, compared, and analyzed to evaluate its applicability. Based on the current state of technology, the paper identifies major challenges in the development of vegetable transplanters in China, including insufficient integration of machinery and agronomy, high demands for equipment adaptability, lack of standardized systems, and delays in the development of core technologies for fully automated transplanting. Solutions are proposed for each of these issues. Finally, the paper discusses future directions for the development of automatic transplanters, including enhancing transplanting efficiency, achieving autonomous navigation, digitalizing operations, developing supporting systems for transplanting, and unmanned transplanting.
The Vortex Characteristics and Anti-Vortex Mechanism in a Lateral Agricultural Irrigation Pump Station with a Symmetrical Inlet-Distributed Method
Authors: Huang Zeyu , Luo Can , Wang Yajun , Liang Haojie , Cheng Li , Jing Kangzhu , Zhu Rui , Zhang Bowen
Published: November 2024

Symmetric lateral inlet pumping stations are commonly utilized for water lifting in agricultural multi-crop irrigation districts, but they often share non-ideal flow patterns, which can easily cause pump vibration and sediment deposition. In this paper, a symmetrical lateral pumping station in an irrigation district is taken as the research object, and CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) technology is used to study it. The model test used a model scale ratio of λL = 1:18. Results: By comparing the CFD data and test data, the average relative error for the left station is found to be 3.213%, while that for the right station is 5.107%, indicating that the numerical simulation method is reliable. Six different rectification measures are proposed, the cross sectional flow pattern of the pumping station is observed, and the longitudinal profile of axial velocity distribution in the sump is analyzed. The velocity-weighted average angle and hydraulic loss of each case study are also analyzed. The flow operates smoothly in case study 7. The vortex in the approach channel disappears when the columns and bottom sill are finally installed. Compared to the original case study, the velocity-weighted average angle at the 5# station in case study 7 increased by 14%, and it increased by 13.9% at station #9. The flow became more stable, and hydraulic losses were minimized. The simulated hydraulic loss in case study 7 decreased by 14.2%. These findings can serve as a reference for similar pump station projects.
Multispectral Information in the Classification of Soybean Genotypes Using Algorithms Regarding Micronutrient Nutritional Contents
Authors: Cavalheiro Sâmela Beutinger , Santana Dthenifer Cordeiro , Teixeira Filho Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto , Oliveira Izabela Cristina de , Alvarez Rita de Cássia Félix , Della-Silva João Lucas , Baio Fábio Henrique Rojo , Gava Ricardo , Teodoro Larissa Pereira Ribeiro , Silva Junior Carlos Antonio da , Teodoro Paulo Eduardo
Published: November 2024

Identifying machine learning models that are capable of classifying soybean genotypes according to micronutrient content using only spectral data as input is relevant and useful for plant breeding programs and agricultural producers. Therefore, our objective was to classify soybean genotypes according to leaf micronutrient levels using multispectral images. In the 2019/20 crop year, a field experiment was carried out with 103 F2 soybean populations in the experimental area of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, in Chapadão do Sul, Brazil. The data were subjected to machine learning analysis using algorithms to classify genotypes according to leaf micronutrient content. The spectral data were divided into three distinct input groups to be tested in the machine learning models: spectral bands (SBs), vegetation indices (VIs), and combining VIs and SBs. The algorithms tested were: J48 Decision Tree (J48), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Perceptron Multilayer Neural Network (ANN), Logistic Regression (LR), and REPTree (DT). All model parameters were set as the default settings in Weka 3.8.5 software. The Random Forest (RF) algorithm outperformed (>90 for CC and >0.9 for Kappa and Fscore) regardless of the input used, demonstrating that it is a robust model with good data generalization capacity. The DT and J48 algorithms performed well when using VIs or VIs+SBs inputs. The SVM algorithm performed well with VIs+SBs as input. Overall, inputs containing information about VIs provided better results for the classification of soybean genotypes. Finally, when deciding which data should serve as input in scenarios of spectral bands, vegetation indices or the combination (VIs+SBs), we suggest that the ease and speed of obtaining information are decisive, and, therefore, a better condition is achieved with band-only inputs. This allows for the identification of genetic materials that use micronutrients more efficiently and the adaptation of management practices. In addition, the decision to be made can be made quickly, without the need for chemical evaluation in the laboratory.
Digital Mapping of Land Suitability for Main Agricultural Crops in Romania
Authors: Patriche Cristian Valeriu , Roșca Bogdan , Pîrnău Radu Gabriel , Vasiliniuc Ionuț , Irimia Liviu Mihai
Published: November 2024

The scientific evaluation of land potential for different uses is essential for sustainable land development. Our study attempts to quantify this potential for agricultural purposes at a national scale, using GIS techniques, high-resolution spatial data, and recent climate data. The land evaluation methodology we applied in our study was developed in the 1980s by soil scientists from the National Institute of Research and Development for Pedology, Agrochemistry and Environmental Protection (ICPA) and it is still the official approach for the assessment of land suitability for crops in Romania. In our study, the application of the methodology is based on high-resolution spatial data including the 25 × 25 m resolution EU-DEM, the CHESLA climate database from which mean annual temperatures and precipitations were extracted for the 1990–2019 period, the digital soil map of Romania, the European LUCAS soil database. Firstly, we compared the evolution of mean annual temperatures and precipitations for 1961–1990 and 1990–2019 periods and found that there is a significant warming trend (an overall increase of 1.27 °C for the entire country, ranging from 0.9 °C to 1.6 °C) among the major landform units and a slight precipitation increase throughout the country (68.8 mm yr−1 for the whole country, ranging from 9.3 to 118.8 mm yr−1). Then, we applied the land evaluation methodology for the recent period (1990–2019), starting with the digital mapping of 15 land suitability factors, which were further aggregated to achieve the land suitability index and classes for the main agricultural crops of Romania (winter wheat, maize, sunflower, potato, and vine for wine). The results show that the most suitable landform units for wheat, maize, and sunflower are the plain areas (Romanian Plain, Western Plain) with LSI average values over 60. For potato, the suitable areas (LSI over 50–60) are less extended, being found especially in the intra-mountainous depressions and cooler plateau areas, while vines find very suitable conditions (LSI over 70) at the contact of the Romanian Plain and the Subcarpathians. To assess the model performance, we determined the shares of land suitability classes within the areas occupied by the specific crops. A second validation was carried out by correlating the total crop production at the county level with the cumulated LSI values. We found that, apart from potatoes, the model performs well for the analyzed crops. However, a methodological revision is necessary to accommodate temperature and precipitation values, which did not manifest in the reference climate period (1961–1990), but which are now part of the current climate of Romania.
Effects of a Diatom–Bacillus megatherium Biocrust on Nutrient Limitation and Ryegrass Growth in Fluvo-Aquic Soil Along the Yellow River
Authors: Zheng Xuejia , Pan Jiachen , Sun Zhongjin , Jiang Zhencui , Chen Shiwei , Liu Yanhui , Li Yuyang , Li Xin , Sun Xiaoting , Ma Ning , Li Chen , Li Yang , Wei Jiaxin , Zhang Congzhi , Dong Zhi , Wu Qicong
Published: November 2024

Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) promote plant growth by regulating soil nutrient dynamics and enhancing soil structure through the microorganisms they host. However, their impact on microbial nutrient limitation, a critical factor in nutrient cycling, remains underexplored. This study hypothesized that different types of biocrusts modulate soil nutrient limitations, influencing plant growth. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of four treatments—control, diatom, Bacillus megatherium, and diatom–B. megatherium biocrusts—on soil structure, nutrient availability, microbial nutrient limitation, and ryegrass growth after 40 days of cultivation. The results indicated that the B. megatherium treatment exacerbated microbial C and N limitations and reduced available phosphorus (by 41.80%) and ryegrass biomass (by 29.19%) compared to the control. The diatom-B. megatherium treatment alleviated nutrient limitations but increased nutrient competition between soil microbes and plants, impairing plant performance. In contrast, the diatom treatment enhanced soil structure, alleviated microbial nutrient limitations, and significantly improved total capillary porosity (by 10%), available phosphorus (by 22.91%), saturated water content (by 21.81%), and ryegrass biomass (by 76.05%) while reducing soil bulk density (by 9.63%). These findings provide practical insights and a theoretical foundation for utilizing biocrusts to improve fluvo-aquic soil quality and promote sustainable plant growth.
Identification of Indica–Japonica Attributes and Analysis of Heterosis Using InDel Markers
Authors: Huang Lingling , Ye Jing , Zhai Rongrong , Wu Mingming , Yu Faming , Zhang Xiaoming , Zhu Guofu , Han Jinling , Ye Shenghai
Published: November 2024

With the development and improvement of indica–japonica hybrid rice breeding technologies, it has become possible to directly utilize the heterosis between indica and japonica subspecies to cultivate high-yielding rice varieties. Precisely analyzing the attributes and heterosis levels of indica–japonica varieties is crucial for successfully breeding indica–japonica hybrid rice and utilizing heterosis. This study employed 34 insertion–deletion (InDel) molecular markers to identify the indica–japonica attributes in 122 rice varieties and validated the results using cluster analyses and principal component analyses (PCAs). Additionally, the yield-related traits of the hybrids and parents were assessed, heterosis was analyzed, and the feasibility of predicting heterosis using parental genetic distance (GD) was explored. InDel molecular markers showed that all the hybrids were indica–japonica crosses with varying genetic components, confirmed by the cluster analyses and the PCAs. A heterosis analysis revealed that an increase in the effective panicle number per plant (EP) was the main factor in increasing the yield. Different GD intervals showed varying correlations with trait heterosis. These results indicate the effectiveness of InDel molecular markers in accurately distinguishing indica–japonica attributes and that hybrid combinations demonstrate significant heterosis. This study provides a reference for parent selection and utilizing heterosis in indica–japonica hybrid rice.
The Relationship Between Cover Crop Species and Soil Fungal Communities in Irrigated Vineyards in the Okanagan Valley, Canada
Authors: Lin Erika Y. , Rosa Daniel , Sharifi Mehdi , Noonan Michael J. , Hart Miranda
Published: November 2024

Many techniques adopted by annual crop growers, addressing challenges such as disease, are not viable for perennial systems. Groundcover vegetation can be employed as a natural method for increasing soil health and perennial plant performance; however, cover crop species may differ in the plant–soil feedback effects that modulate the rhizosphere. To investigate the relationship between cover crop identity and soil microbial composition and to determine potential impacts of cover crop species on pathogen occurrence in perennial systems, we characterized the fungal communities in soil sampled from nine cover crop species used for under-vine groundcover at three separate Okanagan vineyards. Soil characteristics, particularly available phosphorus levels, varied significantly among sites, with SuRDC at 39.9 ppm, Covert at 140.1 ppm, and Kalala at 276.2 ppm. Of 1876 fungal species, SuRDC showed lower richness and diversity. A random forest model classified samples by site with 98.4% accuracy (p < 0.001), but cover crop classification was minimal (2.4% accuracy). Phacelia had significantly lower variance in Shannon’s (p = 2.35×10−7) and Simpson’s diversity (p = 3.59×10−12). Crescendo ladino clover had simpler fungal networks than buckwheat, with a negative correlation between fungal species count and co-occurrence affinity across cover crops (p < 0.001). We found that within sites, soil fungal communities did not vary greatly in composition and measures of community structure, regardless of cover crop identity. Nectriaceae were abundant across all samples, suggesting that cover crops may recruit certain fungal pathogens. Soil fungal communities were distinct across sites, indicating that site-specific conditions may play a larger role in shaping soil fungal communities in BC vineyards than cover crop–microbe interactions and that cover crops do not have consistent short-term (<1 year) effects on soil fungi across sites. Altogether, this research encourages careful consideration of both groundcover species and site-specific conditions when using cover crops in perennial agriculture.
Calculation Method of Phenotypic Traits for Tomato Canopy in Greenhouse Based on the Extraction of Branch Skeleton
Authors: Ma Xiaodan , Jiang Qiu , Guan Haiou , Wang Lu , Wu Xia
Published: November 2024

Automatic acquisition of phenotypic traits in tomato plants is important for tomato variety selection and scientific cultivation. Because of time-consuming and labor-intensive traditional manual measurements, the lack of complete structural information in two-dimensional (2D) images, and the complex structure of the plants, it is difficult to automatically obtain the phenotypic traits of the tomato canopy. Thus, a method for calculating the phenotypic traits of tomato canopy in greenhouse was proposed based on the extraction of the branch skeleton. First, a top-view-based acquisition platform was built to obtain the point cloud data of the tomato canopy, and the improved K-means algorithm was used to segment the three-dimensional (3D) point cloud of branches. Second, the Laplace algorithm was used to extract the canopy branch skeleton structure. Branch and leaf point cloud separation was performed using branch local skeleton vectors and internal features. In addition, the DBSCAN clustering algorithm was applied to recognize individual leaf organs. Finally, phenotypic traits including mean leaf inclination, digital biomass, and light penetration depth of tomato canopies were calculated separately based on the morphological structure of the 3D point cloud. The experimental results show that the detection accuracies of branches and leaves were above 88% and 93%, respectively, and the coefficients of determination between the calculated and measured values of mean leaf inclination, digital biomass, and light penetration depth were 0.9419, 0.9612, and 0.9093, respectively. The research results can provide an effective quantitative basis and technical support for variety selection and scientific cultivation of the tomato plant.
Physically Based Green–Ampt Model in Polar Coordinate System Predicting Soil Water Transport in Moistube Irrigation: Comparison of Physical, Semi-Physical-Empirical, and Numerical Models Under Varying Working Pressure Heads
Authors: Wang Ce , Zhang Qun , Zhao Shengwei , Qian Jun , Li Qi , Ye Jinyang , Chen Xiaoan , Kurexi Wuerkaixi , Huang Mingyi , Zhang Zhanyu
Published: November 2024

Predicting soil–water dynamics in Moistube irrigation (ΜΤΙ) favours understanding ΜΤΙ functioning mechanisms and technical parameter design. This study proposed a physically based infiltration (PH) model extending the Green–Ampt (GA) model to a two-dimensional polar coordinate system. We treated Moistube as a clay and considered the infiltration from internal Moistube to surrounding soils. The performances of the PH model, together with a semi-physical–empirical (PH–EM) model and a numerical simulation (NUM) model, were evaluated based on regulated working pressure head (WPH) experiments. A HYDRUS 2D model was used based on experimental design to reproduce the soil–water dynamics by assigning Moistube and soil two sets of hydraulic parameters. WPH increase or decrease treatments were applied to Moistube. The Moistube discharge rate, infiltration volume, and wetting front (WF) advance were analyzed and predicted by three models. The results showed that cumulative infiltration, Moistube discharge, and effective saturation around Moistube were enhanced or abated under WPH increase or decrease, with WF accelerating or decelerating. The modelled effective saturation varied between 0.45 and 0.70, providing suitable moist conditions for crops. Percentage of bias (PBIAS) and mean absolute percentage relative error (MAPRE) were employed to evaluate model performances. Three models well-predicted infiltration characteristics and WF advance but differed in accuracy. The PH model overestimated and underestimated the Moistube discharge rate in early and later phases. The prediction accuracy in WF varied across infiltration phases and WPH modes. The PH–EM model yielded accurate results due to its empirical attribute. The NUM model produced novel phenomena of infiltration characteristics at WPH adjustment points, i.e., the discharge rate exponentially decreased over time after the WPH increased but presented restraining followed by rebounding trends after the WPH decreased. The NUM model strongly depended on the selection of the Moistube hydraulic parameters. Extending the GA model to a two-dimensional polar coordinate system by treating Moistube as a clay was practicable in modelling soil water dynamics, thereby contributing to designing and optimizing MTI technical indexes.
Use of Innovative Compounds to Manage Grapevine Downy and Powdery Mildews: Results of a Three-Year Field Trial
Authors: Piancatelli Simone , Moumni Marwa , Makau Sarah Mojela , Tunç Mehdiye , Cantalamessa Gabriele , Davillerd Yann , Pérez-Álvarez Eva Pilar , Garde-Cerdán Teresa , D’Ignazi Giuliano , Romanazzi Gianfranco
Published: November 2024

Induced resistance (IR) based on elicitors application aims to strengthen plant defenses, rather than directly targeting pathogens. These compounds are less toxic than conventional pesticides and are useful in reducing their use. Strategies based on COS–OGA, Swinglea glutinosa, and low copper doses were tested in this three-year (2021–2023) field investigation against grapevine downy (DM) and powdery (PM) mildew. Their effectiveness was compared to copper, sulfur, untreated, and water-sprayed plants in a naturally infected vineyard. Combined treatments provided higher levels of protection. COS–OGA at 2 L ha−1 combined with low copper doses and an adjuvant protected canopy and production from both DM and PM at the same level as copper and farm application (based on copper and sulfur). In favorable seasons, 2023 for DM and 2022 for PM, this strategy reduced the DM McKinney Index compared to untreated plants by 74% and 39% on leaves and bunches, respectively. Reductions observed for PM were 85% on leaves and 46% on bunches. S. glutinosa showed reductions only in one assessment against PM on bunches. This work validates IR-based DM and PM management strategies under field conditions and paves the way toward concrete reduction in copper and sulfur use in vineyards.
Metabolomic Profiling and Functional Characterization of Biochar from Vine Pruning Residues for Applications in Animal Feed
Authors: Reggi Serena , Frazzini Sara , Torresani Maria Claudia , Guagliano Marianna , Cristiani Cinzia , Pilu Salvatore Roberto , Ghidoli Martina , Rossi Luciana
Published: November 2024

Biochar has gained interest as a feed ingredient in livestock nutrition due to its functional properties, circularity, potential to reduce environmental impact, and alignment with sustainable agro-zootechnical practices. The in vivo effects of biochar are closely tied to its physical characteristics, which vary depending on the biomass used as feedstock and the production process. This variability can result in heterogeneity among biochar types used in animal nutrition, leading to inconsistent outcomes. The aim of this study was to characterize the metabolomic and functional properties of an aqueous biochar extract from vine pruning waste, in order to predict its potential in vivo effects as a functional feed ingredient. A metabolomic analysis of the biochar extracts was conducted using quadrupole time-f-light (QQTOF) high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC MS/MS). Antimicrobial activity against E. coli F18+ and E. coli F4+ was assessed using standard growth inhibition assays, while quorum sensing in E. coli exposed to biochar extracts was evaluated using real-time PCR. Prebiotic activity was assessed by exposing selected Lactobacillus strains to the biochar extract, monitoring growth patterns to determine species-specific responses. The metabolomic profile revealed several distinct molecular classes, including multiple peaks for phenolic compounds. The extract significantly inhibited the growth of both E. coli pathotypes, reducing growth by 29% and 16% for the F4+ and F18+, respectively (p < 0.001). The relative expression of the genes involved in quorum sensing (MotA, FliA for biofilm formation, and FtsE, HflX for cell division) indicated that the observed inhibitory effects likely resulted from interference with flagellar synthesis, motility, and reduced cell division. The biochar extract also showed species-specific prebiotic potential. In conclusion, biochar derived from vine pruning waste represents a valuable feed ingredient with functional properties that may help to reduce antibiotic use in livestock production.
Awareness of Poultry Farmers of Interconnected Health Risks: A Cross-Sectional Study on Mycotoxins, Biosecurity, and Salmonellosis in Jimma, Ethiopia
Authors: Kabeta Tadele , Tolosa Tadele , Nagara Alamayo , Chantziaras Ilias , Croubels Siska , Van Immerseel Filip , Antonissen Gunther
Published: November 2024

Poultry farming in Ethiopia is crucial for food security and income, but it faces significant challenges due to gaps in farmer awareness. A cross-sectional study was conducted using the Biocheck.UGent™ biosecurity scoring system and a questionnaire to evaluate poultry farmers’ basic and practical knowledge concerning salmonellosis and mycotoxins. The questionnaire revealed substantial gaps in basic and practical knowledge regarding Salmonella spp infections and mycotoxin among 38 poultry farmers in Jimma. About 68.4% of farmers were unaware of the impact of salmonellosis on both poultry and human health. Moreover, 78.9% had limited basic knowledge of how salmonellosis affects production and the economy. Farmers also showed limited practical knowledge of farm management and hygiene practices essential for preventing Salmonella spp. infections. Regarding mycotoxins, 63.2% of farmers lacked awareness of poultry feed management, 60.5% were unaware of the health risks mycotoxins pose, and 73.7% did not recognize signs of mycotoxin contamination. Although 55.3% of farmers demonstrated acceptable practical knowledge of strategies to reduce the impact of mycotoxin contaminations, there are still concerns, particularly since 65.8% and 55.3% only showed moderate practical knowledge of feed storage and mycotoxin prevention, respectively. The overall biosecurity scores of poultry farms were below the global average, with a score of 41.7 compared to the worldwide average of 64. The overall mean score for external biosecurity was 44.9, below the global average of 63. All 3 scoring platforms and biosecurity parameters indicated that internal biosecurity was the weakest aspect, with a score of 31.6, well below the global standard of 64. The results showed a weak correlation (rₛ = 0.06) between farmers’ basic and practical knowledge scores about Salmonella spp. infections and mycotoxins. Similarly, there was a weak correlation between the poor biosecurity score of poultry farms and the basic and practical knowledge of poultry farmers on Salmonella spp. infections (rₛ = 0.17) and mycotoxins (rₛ = 0.25). In conclusion, the study found that poultry farmers in Jimma had poor basic and practical knowledge scores on Salmonella, mycotoxins, and biosecurity measures. Thus, awareness creation is paramount to improve these gaps to reduce the impact of mycotoxin contamination and poultry diseases and consequently to improve food security and food safety.