bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERKAWINAN SIMSON DALAM HAKIM-HAKIM 14:1-4: IMPLEMENTASINYA DALAM PEMBINAAN PRANIKAH DI LINGKUNGAN GEREJA BATAK
Authors: Kristiani Ana Budi
Published: November 2023

Abstract:             This study aims to analyze the story of Samson's marriage in Judges 14:1-4 and identify its implications for premarital formation in the Batak Church environment. The story of Samson's marriage is important because it provides valuable insights into marriage and the principles associated with a successful marriage relationship. This study used qualitative research methods, in the research conducted, a Biblical research approach and a case study approach on premarital coaching in the Batak Church environment were used.It was found that children involve their parents when determining their choice of life partner. Parents provide guidance to children to choose friends who are like-minded. Then God is sovereign over the decision to choose a life partner that has been taken. Premarital material is based on the Word of God. The Batak culture of marriage is still respected by prioritizing the perspective of God's Word. Premarital coaching is given for children and parents and the Batak Church can do premarital coaching well according to the truth of God's Word.The implementation of the story of Samson's marriage in premarital coaching within the Batak Church is the importance of premarital coaching in building a solid foundation for marriage based on the principles of trust, loyalty, and commitment to God and one's spouse. This research provides a valuable contribution in the context of premarital coaching in the Batak Church environment by exploring the wisdom and lessons that can be drawn from the story of Samson's marriage. Through a deeper understanding of the values contained in this story, it is hoped that it can prepare prospective husband and wife to build a healthy and successful marriage relationship.Keywords: Samson's Marriage, Premarital Coaching, Batak Church
A produção de açaí na microrregião de Cametá (PA): relevância de uma indicação geográfica
Authors: Da Cruz Benedito Ely Valente , Cabral Rayanni Corrêa
Published: November 2023

O açaí é um fruto extraído de palmeiras nativas de florestas tropicais da Amazônia. É naturalmente encontrado em áreas de várzeas e em igapós, e largamente consumido e valorizado no mercado. A Microrregião de Cametá é a principal e mais conhecida região produtora de açaí do Pará, mas ainda não dispõe de ferramentas de proteção e de diferenciação de seu produto. Nesse sentido, essa pesquisa analisa e discute a relevância de uma Indicação Geográfica (IG) para o açaí produzido em Cametá. É uma pesquisa exploratória, com abordagem quali-quantitativa, contando com revisão bibliográfica e com pesquisas documental e de campo, cujos resultados apontam que o açaí da Microrregião de Cametá tem relevância econômico-social e tem qualidade e notoriedade reconhecidas, dessa forma existem condições objetivas para o pedido e para o registro de uma IG para o açaí da região, faltando apenas a articulação intersetorial e a indução, por parte do Estado.
EXPLORANDO OS IMPACTOS PSICOLÓGICOS DAS REDES SOCIAIS EM ADOLESCENTES
Authors: De Vasconcelos Sara Silvia Costa , Dos Santos Shirley Cristina Rocha , Fernandes Lorena Campos Camargo , Cazemiro Jenifer Ester Pinto , De Castro Emanuelle Viana , Raposo Hethelen Awdry Alves , Da Rocha Wollace Scantbelruy
Published: November 2023

Nos últimos anos, o advento das redes sociais transformou profundamente a maneira como os adolescentes interagem com o mundo ao seu redor na era moderna. Essas plataformas digitais tornaram-se uma parte inextricável da vida dos jovens, oferecendo conexões globais instantâneas, oportunidades de expressão e uma janela para um universo virtual aparentemente infinito. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa consistiu em investigar os impactos psicológicos das redes sociais em adolescentes na modernidade. Assim como é norteada pelos objetivos específicos, apresentar a relação entre adolescentes e as redes sociais; discutir como as redes sociais moldam o comportamento social dos adolescentes e explicar as implicações dos impactos psicológicos que as redes sociais causam nos adolescentes. O presente estudo adota uma abordagem qualitativa baseada em procedimentos bibliográficos, especificamente uma revisão sistemática. Os resultados, a pesquisa evidenciaram como o uso das redes sociais trazem impactos nos aspectos comportamentais dos adolescentes e quais consequências psicológicas são propícias a esse público.
Analisis Daerah Rawan Bencana Longsor Menggunakan SIG di Kecamatan Tabulahan, Kabupaten Mamasa, Sulawesi Barat
Authors: Mulyasari Rahmi , Haerudin Nandi , Haryan Nabilah Bintang , Saippudin Muhammad , Syahrani Hanna Aulia , Dani Ilham
Published: November 2023

Kecamatan Tabulahan, Kabupaten Mamasa, Sulawesi Barat mempunyai kondisi topografi yang tinggi didominasi oleh wilayah perbukitan. Bencana tanah longsor merupakan salah satu bencana yang sering terjadi pada daerah ini. Adapun faktor yang mempengaruhi hal ini terjadi, yaitu tingkat kelerengan tanah, intensitas curah hujan, penggunaan lahan, dan jenis tanah pada daerah Tabulahan. Oleh karena itu, dengan menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi bencana alam khususnya longsor sehingga diharapkan ada persiapan ketika bencana terjadi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan studi literatur berupa pengumpulan referensi beberapa parameter yang akan menunjang proses penelitian dan dilanjutkan dengan proses pengolahan menggunakan metode overlay dan scoring (pembobotan data) guna mengetahui daerah rawan tanah longsor. Proses pengolahan ini akan menghasilkan peta potensi tanah longsor yang diperoleh dengan menganalisis empat parameter yang menjadi faktor penentu tingkat kerawanan longsor. Dari peta potensi longsor ini didapatkan empat tingkatan, yaitu rendah, menengah, tinggi, dan sangat tinggi. Untuk tingkat potensi tanah longsor rendah sebesar 1,76% atau 9,32 km2, untuk tingkat potensi tanah longsor menengah sebesar 39,72%, atau 209,88 km2, untuk tingkat potensi tanah longsor tinggi sebesar 36,45% atau 192,62 km2, dan untuk tingkat potensi tanah longsor sangat tinggi sebesar 22,07% atau 116,6 km2.
Acompañamiento y seguimiento pedagógico en docentes del nivel secundario del distrito 03-01 de Azua: Pieza clave para la aplicación de los estándares y el desempeño docente
Authors: De La Rosa Ramírez Dagoberto Santiago
Published: November 2023

La formación de los estudiantes, en términos generales, se ha constituido hoy en día en un reto universal, toda vez que se requiere, de conocimientos y de una educación, que responda a los desafíos actuales. El objetivo principal del presente trabajo de investigación fue analizar el proceso de acompañamiento y seguimiento pedagógico en docentes del nivel secundario del distrito 03-01 de Azua como elemento clave para la aplicación de los estándares y el desempeño docente. Se asumió el paradigma cualitativo en el sentido de que no se realizaron apreciaciones cuantitativas ni estadísticas. El tipo de investigación fue documental porque las bases itinerarias de búsqueda se sustentaron en documentos e investigaciones relacionadas con el tema, es decir, SciELO, Redalyc, Dialnet y Google Académico. La técnica utilizada fue la revisión bibliográfica. Dentro de los hallazgos sobresale que los retos que devienen del desarrollo de los protocolos escolares a graves del seguimiento y el acompañamiento docentes, dan cuenta de una nueva filosofía educativa en las instituciones escolares. Como conclusiones, se pudo obtener que los procesos de asesoramiento brindados por los docentes a los estudiantes del nivel secundario, es una posibilidad que enriquece y fortalece la personalidad de manera fundamental para obtener aprendizajes duraderos.
Prácticas pedagógicas desde la formación inicial docente en el nivel primario
Authors: Medrano Sánchez Yamilet Llentoly
Published: November 2023

El trabajo de investigación que se realizo tuvo como objetivo general analizar las prácticas pedagógicas desde la formación inicial docente en el nivel primario. El paradigma de investigación que se asumió fue el cualitativo debido a que los hallazgos y análisis que se realizaron no se involucraron ni datos ni expresiones numéricas. El tipo de investigación que guio el estudio fu la documental, y como técnica de búsquedas la revisión bibliográfica en las bases Redalyc, Dialnet, Google Académico y Scielo, donde se consultaros 120 investigaciones y se decantaron en cinco (5) que recogen y expresan el sentido de lo que se indaga. Dentro de los resultados obtenidos se pudo conocer que los programas de formación inicial docente permiten lograr un perfil adecuado de los profesionales de la docencia que se incorporaran al subsistema educativo en el nivel primario. Como conclusión, los programas de formación docentes están concebidos para capacitar a estos profesionales de las herramientas didácticas y pedagógicas, necesarias para el desarrollo de los planes y programas escolares en las instituciones donde les toca trabajar. Es una premisa válida para el sistema educativo, donde se explican las bases filosóficas del quehacer docente y la importancia de desarrollar una clase.
Impacto del programa de aprendizaje con base del primer ciclo, nivel primario de la República Dominicana
Authors: Bello Reyes Vilmania
Published: November 2023

El objetivo fue analizar el impacto del programa de aprendizaje con base del primer ciclo, nivel primario de la República Dominicana. De esta manera se realizó una aproximación epistemológica a una realidad educativa en el contexto escolar. Estuvo matizada por los preceptos del paradigma cualitativo, la investigación fue tipo documental que facilitó la revisión de las bases Redalyc, Dialnet, Google Académico y SciELO. La técnica utilizada fue la revisión bibliográfica.  Se revisaron 96 obras relacionadas con el tema y el objetivo general del presente estudio, Los descartes permitieron seleccionar a cinco (5) estudios que cumplieron con las exigencias expresadas en el objetivo general de la investigación. Dentro de los resultados mas importantes destaca que los programas tienen un impacto positivo en el desarrollo de contenidos cuando los docentes realizan las orientaciones pedagógicas respectivas. Como conclusión, Al término del presente estudio se pudo evidenciar que existe un impacto del programa de aprendizaje con base del primer ciclo, nivel primario de la República Dominicana., que se refleja en los contenidos sinópticos que se deben desarrollar en cada área académica en las diferentes instituciones educativas.
Expresión corporal en educación inicial: fomento de la creatividad y la inclusión
Authors: Posso-Pacheco Richar Jacobo , Barba-Miranda Laura Cristina
Published: November 2023

No se conoce a profundidad los beneficios de la expresión corporal en niños con discapacidad. El objetivo de este artículo fue analizar la importancia de la expresión corporal como metodología para fomentar la creatividad y la inclusión de estudiantes con necesidades educativas específicas. Esta investigación fue de tipo teórico con una orientación descriptiva-reflexiva; se basa en la técnica de la revisión documental exhaustiva que implica la recopilación, análisis y síntesis de información relevante procedentes de artículos científicos. El desafío de integrar a estudiantes con discapacidad visual en la educación inicial requiere enfoques pedagógicos adaptables y estrategias inclusivas. La expresión corporal en educación inicial es esencial para creatividad e inclusión, especialmente para niños con discapacidad visual, ofrece adaptaciones clave que mejoran la participación en entornos educativos inclusivos.
The art of seduce through a distinctive brand and women's lingerie
Authors: Calderon Amaya Alison Julieth , Garcia Rojas Maribel
Published: November 2023

The following article is presented with the aim of discovering a fascinating world between various components such as art, marketing and creativity; fundamentally in understanding the background of what is now brand positioning, its numerous approaches and analyzing different points of view, highlighting that unique experiences must be generated for each user and bet on having a positive impact against the perception obtained by part of the users, thus achieving a loyalty connection. It is to recognize in the field of fashion, more specifically, in the line of lingerie, it not only dresses bodies, but also empowers and identifies who wears it. Welcome to this spectacular journey, fused with experiences that go beyond the superficial and the importance to feel security and identification with a particular brand
Analyzing the Effectiveness of Social Media Marketing in PT Primajasa
Authors: Rizky Fakhri Muhammad
Published: November 2023

Nowadays, social media is the future of branding in marketing. Social media is used as the main tool in marketing to tell the product review to convey customer engagement. Social media in the digital area is a platform to conduct interaction and information together to accomplish business goals. PT Primajasa, the leading transportation sector in Indonesia, uses the Instagram page to integrate the companies and audiences and helps companies to see the story behind the campaign. Customers frequently make purchases on social media by highlighting the success of the business's social media performance. This study aims to determine the effect of Social Media Marketing, Product Review, and Customer Engagement on Purchase Interest in PT Primajasa's transportation services. This research is associative research and the type of data used is quantitative data. The results of this study answered the direct effect of Social Media Marketing on Customer Engagement and Purchase Intention. Indirect Social Media Marketing has more positive influences through Customer Engagement as a mediator than direct Social Media Marketing on Purchase Intention.
Constraining the formation conditions of modern pisoids at Ore Lake, Michigan
Authors: Landstra Ryleigh , Winkelstern Ian
Published: November 2023

Large concentrically laminated carbonate grains (here referred to as pisoids) have been observed sporadically throughout the geological record and in modern environments. Explanations for how these grains form have varied widely in different settings, although microbial effects are often involved. In Ore Lake, a ~1 km2 flow-through lake in southeast Michigan, one to four centimeter oblong calcite pisoids are observed in both lake bottom shallows and mounded as a small spit near the primary outflow. In section mm-scale light and more porous along with and dark and more dense concentric laminations are apparent. Here we use field observations, petrography, water chemistry, and stable isotopes to understand their formation. Measurements of pisoid calcite δ18O and lake water δ18O indicate that precipitation occurs in waters between roughly 19 – 28°C. These warm temperatures imply that pisoid growth happens almost entirely within the summer, contrary to prior work that suggested wintertime precipitation was important. Pisoid δ18O values largely overlap with coexisting lake bivalve values, suggesting that pisoid precipitation is in equilibrium. In contrast, pisoid δ13C is as much as 8‰ more positive than bivalve δ13C due to photosynthetic effects. We propose that the laminations in these pisoids arise from different rates of formation within the warm months, rather than large seasonal differences. A decline in lake alkalinity beginning in late spring likely coincides with more rapid growth, with slower growth mediated by cyanobacteria continuing through the summer. This range of observations enables the use of Ore Lake as a potential model for understanding pisoid formation throughout the geological record.
Schillers Moralästhetik als verfehlte Kant-Kritik und die ‚Kalokagathia‘-Idee
Authors: Neymeyr Barbara
Published: November 2023

This book critically analyses Schiller's moral aesthetics as a supposedly more moderate alternative to Kant's ethics of duty. In a departure from common research theories, it shows that the objections of Schiller, Schopenhauer and Nietzsche to Kant are based on misjudgements and that Schiller's own draft even implies a form of moral rigorism against his will. Moreover, Schiller's conception of 'grace' and 'dignity' contains inconsistencies, the cause of which is explored in this study. Beyond the problem-oriented systematic analyses the book conducts, its cultural and historical horizon-building demonstrates how much Schiller and Hölderlin are influenced by the ancient ideals of 'kalokagathia' and 'sympatheia', which, however, are fundamentally different from Kant's philosophy.
Plant Virus-Based Tools for Studying the Function of Gene and Noncoding RNA in Cucurbits
Authors: Zhou Ling-Xi , Li Xiang-Dong , Geng Chao
Published: November 2023

Cucurbits are economically important crops worldwide. The genomic data of many cucurbits are now available. However, functional analyses of cucurbit genes and noncoding RNAs have been impeded because genetic transformation is difficult in many cucurbitaceous plants. The cucurbits-infecting plant viruses can be modified into useful tools for functional genomic studies in cucurbits, which provide alternative ways for rapid characterization of gene and noncoding RNA functions. This review will focus on the advancement and application of plant viruses-based gene silencing, gene expressing, and noncoding RNA regulation tools for studying the development, fruits, and stress of cucurbits. The features, advantages, and disadvantages of different plant virus vectors will be discussed in detail. We hope this review will provide guidance for studies on cucurbitaceous plants.
Effect of Gamma Irradiation and/or Entomopathogenic Fungi on Some Biological Aspects of Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Farid Mohamed Hussein , Elsayed Mustafa El-Naggar Samira , Abd-elmohsen Sweilem Mahmoud , Adly Mahmoud Ibrahim Ahmed , Elsayed Abd Alrahman El-khawaga Ola
Published: November 2023

Studying the impact of gamma radiation in conjunction with the LC50 of the entomopathogenic fungi on a few biological characteristics of Galleria mellonella (L.) larvae was the goal of the current work. The effects of single doses of gamma radiation (70, 100, 125, and 150 Gy) given sequentially or combined with the LC50 of specific entomopathogenic fungi (Beauveria bassiana, Paecilomyces lilacinus) against the Greater wax moth. The first generation (F1) of G. mellonella was examined for its larval pupal period, pupation percent, sex ratio, and adult survival percent. Gamma irradiation and LC50 of combined treatments of Beauveria bassiana and Paecilomyces lilacinus prolonged the larval-pupal period, while pupation, adult emergence, survival and sex ratio were lower in the combined treatment than in either treatment alone get more. The combined treatment was greater than either, in the case of fungal or irradiation treatment alone.
Development of a Methodology for Monitoring the Deposition Process in Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)
Authors: José Muñoz Chávez Jairo , Antonio Idrobo Pizo Gerardo , Nascimento de Souza Lira Margareth , Crisostomo Absi Alfaro Sadek
Published: November 2023

Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) processes need to guarantee the quality of the parts produced from this stability in the manufacture of a single bead. In addition to the visual inspection and subsequent characterization with the cutting of the samples, which consists of destructive analysis, it is possible to monitor the entire process and the quality of the part in a non-destructive way. Therefore, this work aims to develop a methodology for the analysis of non-destructive and online weld beads using high-speed cameras, thermal cameras, profilometer and algorithms in MatLab for data processing. The high-speed cameras allow the capture of images of the electric arc and the metallic transfer mode. The thermal cameras, on the other hand, allow the visualization of the melt pool and the temperatures reached during the deposition. Finally, the laser profilometer allows you to make a point cloud of the part and measure its geometry (height, width, height-to-width ratio, wetting angle) online and more accurately than the caliper. With this, it is possible to use the data, both for geometric quality, preliminary parameterization of additive manufacturing, and later for feeding simulations of welding. Promising the monitoring process during manufacturing.
Understanding the Environmental Behavior of Herbicides: A Systematic Review of Practical Insights
Authors: Ferreira Mendes Kassio , Nogueira de Sousa Rodrigo , da Costa Lima Alessandro , Antônio Godoi Junior Márcio
Published: November 2023

Herbicides play a crucial role in weed control in various agricultural and non-agricultural settings. However, their behavior in the environment is complex and influenced by multiple factors. Understanding their fate and retention, transport, and transformation is essential for effective herbicide management and minimizing their impact on ecosystems. This chapter begins by emphasizing the importance of studying herbicide behavior in real-world conditions, considering physical, chemical, and biological amendments in soil. It highlights how these amendments can directly affect weed control efficacy when residual herbicides are applied in pre-emergence. Detailed knowledge of herbicide behavior in the environment enables the adjustment of application rates based on soil type and climatic conditions, which is a key aspect of precision agriculture. The study of herbicide interactions in the environment has experienced significant growth across various subfields, particularly in the last three decades. It can be considered a multidisciplinary subject that encompasses areas such as agricultural, environmental, and biological sciences, as well as technology, physics, chemistry, and biomedicine. Overall, there are over 35,000 papers on herbicide behavior in the environment, and the trend indicates that the number of publications will continue to grow in the coming years.
Proposing a Design Model for Determining Flexural Bearing Capacity of RC Beams Reinforced by Steel with Reduced Modulus of Elasticity
Authors: Dzidic Sanin , Mahmutovic Aldin
Published: November 2023

The design of concrete structures and elements in Europe and wider is conducted according to EN 1992-1-1. Among other design assumptions, the Eurocode 2 assumes the design value of the modulus of elasticity Es of reinforcing steel to be 200 GPa. However, what happens in the RC beam if the actual modulus of elasticity is significantly reduced. Does it affect the flexural bearing capacity of RC beam and to what extent? Another logical question is how to determine the actual flexural bearing capacity of the RC beam reinforced with reinforcing steel with a reduced modulus of elasticity and which design model to use for such determination. This study tries to answer such questions using an experimental approach and assumed calculation model with a comparison of experimental and calculation results. The experimental research from this showed that test RC beams reinforced by steel with reduced modulus of elasticity have significantly reduced flexural capacity in comparison with the designed flexural capacity of beams reinforced by steel with “normal” modulus of elasticity. In this regard, it is recommended to test the mechanical properties of the steel reinforcement prior to the installation at the site and not to rely on the producer’s factory production control certificate only. Additional issues considered in this research are observed effects of the reduced modulus of elasticity of reinforcing bars to Serviceability Limit States (stress limitation, crack width, and deflection control). Answers to such questions can inform decisions if retrofit is needed, is it feasible and if yes—which retrofit method to be used. This study does not discuss the reasons for the reduced modulus of elasticity in reinforcing steel.
Poor disposal of soiled diapers in Sub-Saharan Africa: A gap in Environmental health literacy in rural communities
Authors: Sylvia Mudau Lutendo , Myranda Derby Thumbathi Ayanda , Veli Nkosi Davies
Published: November 2023

Disposable diapers are designed to absorb and retain a baby’s urine and fecal matter whilst keeping their skin dry and healthy. Although they are convenient and a huge benefit in today’s busy life-style, their impact on the environment is becoming unbearable due to poor handling and disposal practices. Disposable diapers are known to reduce the burden of domestic chores for many care-givers. However, the threat to environmental and public health due to its ability to contaminate water and land cannot be ignored. These practices show a serious gap in Environmental Health Literacy (EHL) within the communities of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Seemingly, more than 95% of these communities use disposable diapers with limited knowledge on how to dispose of them and protect the environment. Apparently, there are no programs in place to transfer knowledge to care-givers on how to prevent an impact on the environment after use. On the other hand, there is no regulation or procedure in place focusing on practices and disposal. As a result, inappropriate handling and disposal continue to be a public health risk to communities, with less appropriate measures to prevent environmental and health risks.
Perspective Chapter: Clinical Indications for the Use of Laser in Urolithiasis
Authors: Enrique Corona-Montes Victor , Júarez-Cataneo Vanessa , Eduardo Sánchez-Núñez Juan
Published: November 2023

Current technology has improved the modalities of intra-corporeal lithotripsy, including: ultrasound and ballistic, combined with different laser energies useful in the most important procedures for resolving urinary system stones. Nowadays, the amount of lasers and their availability has grown considerably, lasers like Holmium:Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet (Ho:YAG) and Thulium Fiber Laser (TFL) are the most effective and safest alternatives for lithotripsy in several types of endo urological strategies for lithotripsy. The selection of appropriate laser energy is crucial to optimize the usefulness in the management of urinary tract stones and it depends on the clinical indications validated for the International Urolithiasis Alliance based in technology but also in principles of management from the reported outcomes based in the expertise of several endo urological surgeons. Both, Ho:YAG laser and TFL are effective systems of fragmentation in retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) and percutaneous nephrolitotomy (PNL), even in the miniaturized percutaneous tracts enhanced with suction. Comparative with other types of lithotripsy, they have the same stone-free rates, low complication indexes, and optimal surgical operative times. Urologists must be familiar of with the properties of each laser to get the best surgical outcomes for the benefits of their patients. The present chapter will describe the clinical indications and the adequate use of laser fibers.
Modern Physics of the Thermoelectric Phenomena: Achievements and Problems
Authors: Abdurakhmanov Gulmurza , Prakash Rai Dibya , Vokhidova Gulbahor
Published: November 2023

This chapter discusses internal discrepancies of contemporary conceptions of physics of thermoelectric phenomena (Seebeck, Peltier, and Thomson effects). These conceptions contradict also with experimental data obtained in a wide range of temperature for various materials (pure metals, alloys, Si, Ge, intermetallic and oxide compounds, borides, and silicides). One of these contradictions arises from the energy conservation law and definition of the Seebeck coefficient—the last cannot exceed 86.25 μV/K in any material. This limitation is met in metals and alloys, while in nonmetallic materials it exceeded hundreds and thousands of times. Experimental temperature dependence of the Seebeck coefficient demonstrates the polarity reversal and sharp extrema (increases up to 100–1000 times) for various materials, which are not followed from theory. Constancy of the Seebeck and Peltier coefficients (underlying the definitions of thermoEMF and Peltier heat) contradicts with Thomson formulae requiring temperature dependence of these coefficients (otherwise the Thomson effect is absent in any materials). The role of structural (spatial) inhomogeneity of the thermoelectric material and the wave nature of thermal radiation are discussed for potential physical mechanism of thermoEMF generation. Extension of expressions for charge and thermal energy flow to take into account nonlinear properties leads to huge mathematical complications.
Advances in Radiotherapy Dosimetry Techniques and Pre-Treatment Verification
Authors: Salari Elahheh , Ishmael Parsai E.
Published: November 2023

In the fight against cancer, radiation therapy plays a vital role, with its two essential approaches: internal, involving the insertion or implantation of radioactive material into the patient’s body, or uptake of radiopharmaceutical, and external. Precise delivery of the appropriate radiation dosage to the tumor is critical for achieving favorable outcomes. This is where dosimetry becomes crucial—a scientific discipline that involves measuring, calculating, and evaluating radiation doses. Medical physicists utilize dosimetry to ensure the accuracy and proper calibration of machines that administer ionizing radiation, ensuring safety. This chapter provides a brief overview of advanced techniques and equipment used in dosimetry, with a primary focus on photon and electron dosimetry, the most widely employed forms of radiation for radiotherapy worldwide.
Progress of CO2 EOR and Storage Technology
Authors: Wang Rui , Ge Qiaoyu , Lun Zengmin , Cui Maolei
Published: November 2023

CO2 flooding is one of the most promising EOR technologies. The laboratory experiments have gradually evolved from early basic experiments to the revelation of physicochemical mechanisms and multi-scale physical simulation studies. The numerical simulation method moves toward the novel numerical simulation coupling compositional simulation with geochemical reaction and the stress field. Moreover, the optimization method starts to focus on the multi-objective optimization of CO2 EOR and storage. Meanwhile, stratified gas injection processes and tools are crucial to implement balanced gas injection. The corrosion prevention technology is required to combine anti-corrosive materials and corrosion inhibitors. The injection-production adjustment is the priority to be considered in the early stage of gas injection. The chemical-assisted suppression methods, including foam agent, particles, and gel, are needed to implement in the later stage of gas injection. Gas channeling treatment with hierarchical management is crucial to tailor the different channeling channels. A full-chain optimization model based on net emission reduction and carbon footprint is suggested for the future system planning of CO2 EOR and storage. In general, the next-generation CO2 EOR technology not only aims to significantly increase the oil recovery but also achieves large-scale CO2 storage, providing strong support for carbon neutrality goals.
Perspective chapter: A NEW KIND OF CHEMICAL KINETICS
Authors: Lauro Aguirre Juan
Published: November 2023

After reviewing the results for the Michaelis–Menten enzyme mechanism, both from the usual deterministic coupled differential equations of Chemical Kinetics and from the stochastic model of Gillespie, the first conclusion is that both, the smoothness of the concentration changes from the first model and the chaotic concentration fluctuations from the second model, are implied by the kind of mathematics used. I consider that neither the smoothness nor the chaotic fluctuations of the concentrations are real facts. In the new model developed here, the timeline is a sequence of equally spaced time points, at which concentration changes can occur; the time interval, τ, is to be selected by analyzing the results. The coupled algebraic equations resulting from the linear integration of the differential equations of the first model, instead of being solved, are used to extract the constraints of the Objective Function whose minimization renders the collective optimum values of the concentrations along the reaction path. One advantage of this model is that by adding the conservation of mass as an additional constraint in the Objective Function, a self-organized behavior is observed in this prebiotic system along with the chemical dynamics, which I consider real.
Perspective Chapter: Rehabilitation Programs in Penitentiary Institutions – The Case of Turkey
Authors: Çetin Sinem
Published: November 2023

From past to present, different solutions have been brought to the problem of crime and punishment of criminals in different periods. At first, it was applied in the form of paying the penalty for the crime, paying a fine and paying a diet. Today, modernized programs are implemented in which convicts and detainees are not only imprisoned, but also by using individualized programs compatible with their personalities, making rehabilitation works and reintegrating these individuals into society as a priority. Beginning in 2015, pilot studies supported by the EU have been carried out in Turkey. The projects in which BISIS (Individual Risk and Needs Analysis) and DEPAR (Assessment, Profile Tools and Rehabilitation Programs) programs ensure that the convict’s history, reason for guilt, criminal record, physical ability or problem, mental structure, personality, possible harm or damage, duration of sentence, crime risk index, and his expectation after release are determined upon admission to the penitentiary institution. The results of BISIS provide both a clue for the security unit in the institution and information about the societal risks of the perpetrators. This information has been discussed in parallel with the literature in order to further develop the improvement studies and gain a universal dimension.
Lung Transplantation for Pulmonary Artery Hypertension
Authors: Sunder Thirugnanasambandan , Ramesh Thangaraj Paul , Kumar Kuppusamy Madhan , Balasubramanian Sriraman Kalimuthu , Selvi Chinnasamy , Yaswanth Kumar Srinivasan
Published: November 2023

This manuscript discusses the role of lung transplantation in patients with pulmonary hypertension. The indications and timing for referral to a transplant unit and timing for wait-listing for lung transplantation are discussed. The type of transplantation—isolated (single or double) lung transplantation and situations when combined heart and double lung transplantation is indicated—will be elaborated. Escalation of medical therapy with the need and timing for bridging therapies such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation until an appropriate organ becomes available will be discussed. Challenges in the postoperative period, specific to lung transplantation for pulmonary artery hypertension, will be reviewed. The outcomes following lung transplantation will also be considered in greater detail.
Assessment of Lung Involvement and Prognostic Value of the 6-Minute Walking Test for Pulmonary Involvement in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Geneva-Popova Mariela , Popova-Belova Stanislava , Dzambasova Sanie , Popova Velichka , Hodhzev Vladimir
Published: November 2023

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic multisystemic immune-mediated disease with multifactorial etiology, variable clinical symptomatology, and treatment with limited efficacy. In recent years, biomarkers of SSc and predictors of disease progression and organ’s involvement have been intensively studied in order to identify the most appropriate therapeutic choice for the patients. The lungs are frequently affected in the pathological processes in patients with SSc, and this is often the main cause of death in these patients due to involvement of the lung parenchyma or pulmonary vessels. In daily clinical practice, it is necessary to have a relatively accurate and easily reproducible methods for assessing functional capacity of this organ. The comparative characterization of the “field tests” shows that the 6-minute walk test is a convenient test for assessing functional activity in patients with moderately severe and severe connective tissue diseases. It is easy to administer, well reproducible, acceptable to patients, sensitive to therapeutic procedures. The 6MWT is the method of choice for assessing functional capacity in systemic connective tissue diseases such as SSc with pulmonary involvement, and the pilot study shows that it can be used as a novel biomarker for assessing of pulmonary involvement.
The Future of Finance: Synthesizing CeFi and DeFi for the Benefit of All
Authors: Zhang Luyao
Published: November 2023

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) is changing the world of finance with innovative solutions and groundbreaking innovations such as the Automatic Market Maker, Flash Loans, and Initial Coin Offering, fundamentally reshaping financial ecosystems and promoting decentralization and financial inclusion beyond Centralized Finance (CeFi). Nonetheless, this innovation brings forth critical concerns including potential centralization, ethical issues, and questions about inclusivity. In this chapter, we explore the finance literature at the frontier, delving into the definitions, metrics, and quantification used to gauge CeFi and DeFi performance. We emphasize the importance of a human-centric perspective in addressing the shortcomings of financial technology, with the aim of enhancing global financial literacy and bridging the digital divide. Additionally, we address the blockchain trilemma that curtails DeFi’s potential positing that an integration of CeFi and DeFi approaches could be the key to overcoming this challenge. Drawing upon insights from ancient Greek philosophy, this chapter concludes by underscoring governance models, be decentralized or centralized, that serve the common good or social welfare, emphasizing that technological progress should distinguish means from ends and be rooted in human values to ensure financial prosperity for all.
Persistent Macular Hole Management Options
Authors: Tamine Hoyos Dumar Andrea , Carlos Lugo Prada Juan
Published: November 2023

The widely accepted gold standard technique for the treatment of Macular holes is pars plana vitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane peeling, resulting in closure rates of 80–100%. Results are influenced by the base diameter, inner opening size, and chronicity, with outcomes less favorable for larger holes and those persisting for over a year. In recent years, surgical attention has shifted toward addressing the closure of refractory or very large holes. Literature has published significant data showing satisfactory anatomical and promising visual outcomes. These techniques can be categorized based on the presumed mechanisms of closure induction. Retinal expansion, autologous retinal transplant, ILM flaps, lens capsules, or amniotic membranes within the MH, each yielding varying closure rates. Modulation of intraretinal gliosis through growth and neurotrophic factors using autologous blood-derived plugs or scaffolds to facilitate Muller cell migration and proliferation have also been documented. Plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and regenerative functions lead to high MH closure rates, garnering attention from retinal surgeons globally. The growing volume of publications suggests benefits from Plasma Rich in Growth Factors over other plasma derivatives. While there is no definitive method for treating macular holes, these newer techniques offer a promising future.
Serotonin and Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Review of Related Etiology and Treatment Considerations
Authors: W. Morningstar Mark
Published: November 2023

Recent research has suggested a potential association between serotonin and idiopathic scoliosis, a complex spinal deformity of unknown origin. Studies have explored genetic associations, altered serotonin levels, and the effects of serotonin-related medications in the context of idiopathic scoliosis. Genetic studies have identified significant associations between idiopathic scoliosis and serotonin-related genes, indicating a potential genetic predisposition to the condition. Furthermore, altered serotonin levels have been observed in patients with idiopathic scoliosis, with lower serum serotonin levels reported compared to healthy controls. This chapter reviews some of the published genomic variants associated with idiopathic scoliosis. The effects of serotonin-related medications have also been investigated, highlighting potential therapeutic benefits. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the association between serotonin and idiopathic scoliosis remain unclear, warranting further research. While theoretical and animal models have shown connections between serotonin metabolism and idiopathic scoliosis, there are uncertainties when translating this information into clinical practice for primary care and other musculoskeletal specialty providers. This chapter outlines the serotonergic pathways of musculoskeletal function, serotonin clinical laboratory testing methods, as well as clinical management strategies including pharmacological, nutrient, dietary, and lifestyle-based options.
Recent Strategies for Improving Thermoelectric Efficiency of Bi2Te3-Based Thin Films
Authors: S. Chandra Bose Rapaka , K.A Malini , T Rasmi , T.S Varun
Published: November 2023

This chapter provides a concise summary of recent strategies for enhancing the thermoelectric (TE) efficiency of Bi2Te3-based thin films. In the introduction, a concise overview of thermoelectricity, its advantages over other technologies, its market value, and its potential future applications will be presented. Next, the preparation methods for Bi2Te3-based thin films will be described under the heading of thin film preparation methods. Then, contemporary strategies for enhancing the TE characterizations of Bi2Te3-based thin films will be discussed. Various strategies, such as the thin film fabrication methods and post-thermal annealing dependent TE properties of Bi2Te3-based thin films, have been discussed. The thin films prepared via vacuum techniques followed by thermal annealing showed high thermoelectric efficiency.
The Importance of Gonioscopy and Angle Assessment in Ocular Hypertension
Authors: Laroche Daniel , Nwokeji Imani
Published: November 2023

Ocular hypertension (OHT) is characterized by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), without any visible optic nerve damage or visual field loss. The mean normal intraocular pressure is 15 mm Hg, and the mean intraocular pressure in patients with untreated glaucoma is 18 mm Hg. However, simply having ocular hypertension does not necessarily lead to the development of glaucoma, instead, it is deemed a considerable risk factor. An example is a person with thick corneas who may have no glaucomatous damage with an IOP of 24 mm Hg. Thus, early detection and management of OHT and corneal pachymetry are imperative to help detect higher risk patients with thinner corneas with ocular hypertension or glaucoma early. The Laroche Glaucoma calculator is an effective inexpensive method to detect patients with glaucoma, glaucoma suspects, and ocular hypertensive with a higher risk of thinner corneas and older age. With respect to the physiology of ocular hypertension, the anterior chamber angle anatomy serves a crucial role in the regulation of IOP. Gonioscopy is an important technique for examining the angle structures, which provides essential information regarding the status of the trabecular meshwork and how this can affect aqueous outflow. This chapter will further explore the anatomy and physiology of the anterior chamber angle, specific principles, techniques, and interpretation of gonioscopy, the significance of early detection as well as the management of OHT.
Palynological and physicochemical characterization of honey from Butia yatay palm savannas in Argentina
Authors: Brelis Lucía , Busch Veronica , Sanguinetti Agustín
Published: November 2023

Butia yatay palm savannas (palmares de yatay) of Eastern Argentina constitute a unique natural and cultural landscape threatened by land conversion. Honey production, as a non-timber forest product, can become a conservation-through-use strategy for this landscape if shown to be a valuable product. Therefore, here we describe palynological and physicochemical parameters of honey obtained from hives situated in one of the remaining largest Butia yatay palm savannas in Entre Rios, Argentina, during the palms’ blooming peak. Melissopalinological analysis showed that three pollen types (Myrtaceae type, Butia yatay, and Eryngium horridum) accounted for 88–96% of the total pollen counted. Palm pollen was consistently present in all the analyzed samples as secondary pollen regarding its frequency with an average of 33.5% of the total pollen counted. This honey presented high proline content, high conductivity, a color range from light amber to amber, significant polyphenol bioactivity, and rheologically behaved as a Newtonian fluid. This is the first instance of producing and characterizing honey from this peculiar botanical and geographical origin, thus contributing to Argentinian efforts to hierarchize regional and local honey types. It is also the first report of Butia yatay palms as a significant nectar source for honey production.
Steroidogenesis of Corticosteroids, Genetic Mutation, and Endocrine Disruption Leading to Adrenal Insufficiency
Authors: Su Ying , Ge Ren-Shan , Xie Hong
Published: November 2023

Steroidogenesis, the process by which steroids are synthesized, involves a complex cascade of enzymatic reactions that ultimately produce hormones, such as cortisol and aldosterone. Cortisol is a steroid hormone that plays a critical role in the regulation of various physiological processes, including metabolism, immune response, and stress response. Aldosterone is responsible for blood pressure and water balance. The biosynthesis of cortisol and aldosterone occurs primarily in the adrenal cortex and is processed by a series of enzymatic reactions that convert cholesterol into cortisol and aldosterone. Enzymes include CYP11A1, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2, CYP11B1, CYP11B2, CYP17A1, and 21-hydroxylase. Mutations or defects in these enzymes can lead to impaired cortisol and aldosterone biosynthesis, thereby resulting in various disorders such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia, adrenal hypoplasia congenita, and familial glucocorticoid deficiency. Endocrine disruptors, such as phthalates, bisphenols, and pesticides, affect adrenal cortex development or steroidogenesis, thereby causing adrenal cortex dysfunction. Understanding the complex process of steroidogenesis involved in cortisol and aldosterone biosynthesis can provide crucial insights into the pathophysiology of adrenal disorders and inform the development of targeted therapies to alleviate the associated symptoms.
Youth and Migration: Perspective of African Countries
Authors: Selotlegeng-Mbe Lesego
Published: November 2023

Most of the estimated 3,6 million Africans residing abroad are highly educated professionals. This migration has resulted in the loss of expertise in vital economic sectors. This chapter addresses the relationship between migration and youth in African nations. Many youth move in response to inadequate living conditions, unemployment, famines, the effects of climate change, and armed conflicts. Since 2012, more than 260,000 people migrated from African continent to other continents, most of them young. They respond to both push and pull factors, whether these are economic, political, cultural, or environmental. In 2017, there were approximately 420,000 more sub-Saharan African migrants living in Europe than in 2010. An estimated 1.55 million sub-Saharan African migrants resided in the United States in 2017, an increase of approximately 325,000 from 2010, when an estimated 1.22 million sub-Saharan African migrants resided in the country. As of 2017, 72% of Europe’s sub-Saharan African immigrant population was concentrated in four countries: the United Kingdom (1.27 million), France (980,000), Italy (370,000), and Portugal (370,000). Most migrants hail from Nigeria (17487), Syrian Arab Republic (16568), Guinea (12158) and Côte d’Ivoire (11966). In 2015, Greece overtook Italy as the primary point of arrival.