bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT NELAYAN TERHADAP PERANAN PANGLIMA LAOT DI KABUPATEN PIDIE JAYA
Authors: Wardah Eva , Nasruddin Nasruddin , Rosnina Rosnina
Published: March 2018

Tujuan jangka panjang dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui  persepsi masyarakat nelayan terhadap peran panglima laot di Kabupaten Pidie Jaya. Secara khususpenelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Mengidentifikasi karakteristik masyarakat pesisir diKabupaten Pidie Jaya Provinsi Aceh, (2) Mengetahui dan menganalisis peran PanglimaLaot bagi masyarakat pesisir di kabupaten Pidie Jaya dalam pengelolaan sumber dayapesisir, (3) Mengetahui persepsi masyarakat pesisir terhadap peran Panglima Laot dalampemberdayaan dan pelestarian lingkungan pesisir di Kabupaten Pidie Jaya.Penelitian ini mengunakan metode survey dimana penentuan lokasi ditentukansecara purposive ( sengaja) di Kabupaten Pidie Jaya. Data pimer didapatkan dariresponden melalui wawancara terstruktur (quisioner).  Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa masyarakat nelayan dilokasi penelitian mayoritas masih berumur produktif,tingkat pendidikan formal rata-rata SLTP serta pendapatan keluarga yang rendah.Masyarakat nelayan dilokasi penelitian masih berpersepsi bahwa Panglima laot masihberperan dalam kehidupan sosial masyarakat pesisir. Jenjang persepsi tersebut secaraberurut adalah: 1) Peran Panglima Laot dalam menyelesaikan perselisihan danpersengketaan antar nelayan, (2) Peran Panglima Laot dalam mengawasi ketentuanhukum adat laot,(3) Peran Panglima Laot sebagai penghubung antara nelayan denganpihak pemerintah  dan (4) Peran panglima laot dalam menjaga dan mengawasi kelestarianlingkungan wilayah  pesisir.
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN PETERNAK SAPI ACEH
Authors: Jamilah Jamilah
Published: March 2018

Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis pendapatan peternak sapi Aceh. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode survei dan analisis pendapatan peternak pada berbagai pola usaha di Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usaha ternak sapi Aceh cukup menguntungkan.Ada perbedaan pendapatan pada usaha ternak sapi Aceh, berdasarkan manajemen danskala usaha. Pada usaha peternakan sapi Aceh pola 2 ekor, peternak memperoleh pendapatan sebesar Rp. 2.617.000/tahun, pada pola usaha 3 ekor, diperoleh pendapatan sebesar Rp. 4.913.000/tahun, dan usaha ternak sapi Aceh pola 5 ekor, diperoleh pendapatan sebesar Rp. 11.580.000/tahun. Semakin besar skala usaha, maka semakin besar peroleh pendapatan di tingkat peternak.
Impact of Industrial Revolution on Management Thought
Authors: Gulzar Ayesha
Published: March 2018

This theoretical paper traces the discourse of Western Civilization from the agrarian period to industrialization, focussing on impact of industrial revolution on the process of management thought. This paper argues that, how management thought has been influenced the era of modernism when industrial revolution spread across the Europe and the United States as during modernity materialistic ethics were developed.
Twin Deficit Hypothesis: A Case of Pakistan
Authors: Yasmin Farrah
Published: March 2018

The prime motive of this study is to scrutinize the twin deficit for annual time series data over the period 1990-2010 for Pakistan. Twin deficit hypothesis expressed that an expansion in budget deficit will ground for rise in current account deficit. To diagnose affiliation amongst couple of variables, applied Unit root test (ADF-test), Johansen cointegration technique, Impulse response function and Granger causality test. The Granger causality demonstrate that the causality direction travel from current account deficit to budget deficit. When current account deficit occurs it leads to budget deficit. So the finding proves that there is a positive connection among both variables. Investigations are most reliable for Pakistan economy. Finally, this study confirms the rapport amid current account deficit and budget deficit.
Исследование нейропротекторных, противогипоксических и антиамнестических свойств новой смеси трипептидов
Authors: Яснецов Владимир Викторович , Черторижский Е. А. , Белый П. А. , Беспалова Ж. Д. , Овчинников М. В. , Верещагина А. О. , Иванов Ю. В. , Яснецов Вик. В. , Карсанова С. К. , Мотин В. Г.
Published: March 2018

На модели ишемического инсульта у крыс обнаружено, что новая смесь трипептидов (НСТ — H-Lys-Asp-Glu-OH, H-Asp-Glu-Pro-OH, H-Asp-Glu-Arg-OH) в дозах 150 и 300 мкг/кг/сут оказывает отчетливое нейропротекторное действие, превосходя в 1,1 раза препарат сравнения семакс в отношении уменьшения неврологического дефицита. У мышей в гермо- и барокамере НСТ (10, 50 и 150 мкг/кг) обладает выраженными противогипоксическими свойствами, превосходя семакс в гермокамере в дозах 10 и 50 мкг/кг в 1,3 и 1,5 раза, соответственно, а в барокамере — в дозе 150 мкг/кг в 1,9 раза. На модели скополаминовой амнезии у крыс НСТ (50 и 150 мкг/кг) дает выраженный антиамнестический эффект, превосходя семакс в аналогичных дозах по влиянию на латентный период захода в темную камеру в 1,5 и 1,4 раза, соответственно. На моделях амнезии у мышей, вызванной электросудорожным шоком и комплексным экстремальным воздействием, НСТ (50 и 150 мкг/кг) также оказывает выраженное антиамнестическое действие, превосходя семакс на первой модели в обеих дозах в 4 раза, а на второй — в дозе 150 мкг/кг в 2,9 раза. НСТ (50 мкг/кг) у крыс увеличивает амплитуду транскаллозальных вызванных потенциалов сенсомоторной коры большого мозга на 69 %, превосходя семакс по выраженности (в 1,3 раза) и длительности (в 1,4 раза) действия. Следовательно, НСТ является перспективным нейротропным средством c нейропротекторной, противогипоксической и антиамнестической активностью
Анализ механизма цереброваскулярного эффекта гимантана
Authors: Ганьшина Тамара Сергеевна , Курза Е. В. , Масленников Д. В. , Курдюмов И. Н. , Гнездилова А. В. , Мирзоян Р. С.
Published: March 2018

В опытах на нелинейных интактных и подвергнутых ишемии мозга крысах изучено влияние противопаркинсонического препарата гимантан на мозговое кровообращение. Установлено, что гимантан в дозе 10 мг/кг вызывает длительное увеличение локального мозгового кровотока у крыс в условиях глобальной преходящей ишемии (на 30 – 40 %, 90 мин, p ≤ 0,05), тогда как цереброваскулярная активность препарата у интактных крыс проявляется в течение 20 мин. Проведенный анализ цереброваскулярного эффекта гимантана с использованием галоперидола и бикукуллина позволил установить, что увеличение мозгового кровотока при ишемии, в основном, обусловлено воздействием препарата на ГАМК-ергические механизмы регуляции тонуса сосудов мозга, так как бикукуллин значительно ослабляет сосудорасширяющий эффект препарата, а блокатор дофаминовых рецепторов таким действием не обладает.
NO-зависимый механизм кардиопротекторного действия фенибута при стрессорном нарушении сократительной функции сердца
Authors: Тюренков Иван Николаевич , Перфилова Валентина Николаевна , Садикова Наталья Владимировна , Прокофьев Игорь Игоревич
Published: March 2018

При стрессорном воздействии в течение 24 ч снижаются ино- и хронотропные резервы сердца у животных, о чем свидетельствует уменьшение прироста скоростей сокращения и расслабления миокарда, левожелудочкового давления (ЛЖД), частоты сердечных сокращений (ЧСС) и максимальной интенсивности функционирования структур (МИФС), по сравнению с интактными животными при проведении пробы на адренореактивность и максимальной изометрической нагрузке, вызванной пережатием восходящей части дуги аорты. Блокада NO-синтаз вызывает высокий процент гибели животных во время стрессирования, наркотизации, при вскрытии грудной клетки и при проведении функциональных тестов, а также выраженное уменьшение прироста скорости сокращения (+ dP/dt max), скорости расслабления (– dP/dt max) миокарда, ЛЖД, ЧСС и МИФС в среднем в 2 раза (p < 0,05) в условиях нагрузочных проб по сравнению с контрольной группой стрессированных животных. Фенибут ограничивает стрессорные нарушения сократимости миокарда, на что указывает более высокий прирост показателей при проведении нагрузочных тестов в среднем в 1,8 раза, чем у животных контрольной группы (p < 0,05). Кардиопротекторное действие фенибута выражено слабее при введении его на фоне блокады NO-ергической системы, отмечаются случаи гибели животных преимущественно во время стрессирования. Полученные результаты позволяют считать, что для обеспечения кардиопротекторного действия фенибута при стрессорном повреждении миокарда необходимо участие системы оксида азота.
Механизмы действия ритуксимаба
Authors: Гильдеева Гелия Нязыфовна , Кудлай Д. А. , Лукьянов С. В.
Published: March 2018

Ритуксимаб – химерное моноклональное антитело, включающее каппа (κ)-константные регионы Fc-фрагмента иммуноглобулина IgG1 человека и вариабельные фрагменты иммуноглобулина IgG1 мыши. Такая модифицированная структура иммуноглобулина наделяет ритуксимаб способностью специфически распознавать антиген CD20, экспонируемый, главным образом, на В-лимфоцитах. В обзоре обсуждаются 4 основных механизма действия ритуксимаба, приводящие к снижению популяции В-лимфоцитов у пациентов с лимфопролиферативными процессами. Относительный вклад приведенных механизмов действия в клинический эффект ритуксимаба до конца не определен.
Сравнительное исследование влияния препаратов, улучшающих метаболизм головного мозга (ангиоген, цитофлавин), на процессы апоптоза нейронов и функции коры мозга при старении в эксперименте
Authors: Бажанова Елена Давыдовна , Анисимов Владимир Николаевич , Суханов Дмитрий Сергеевич , Теплый Давид Львович
Published: March 2018

Сохранность нейронов коры и их функциональная активность имеют важное значение для организма на всех этапах онтогенеза. Однако старческие изменения, приводящие к возрастанию уровня апоптоза клеток, могут вызывать значительные повреждения функции коры мозга, в том числе сенсомоторной. В связи с этим целью работы было изучение роли экзогенных нейрометаболитов (ангиоген, цитофлавин) в регуляции апоптоза и коррекции возрастных двигательных и поведенческих нарушений. Для изучения механизмов регуляции морфофункциональной активности нейронов использованы преждевременно стареющие трансгенные мыши с повышенной экспрессией онкогена HER2, в сравнении с мышами дикого типа (FBV). Изучали функциональные изменения коры мозга (Суок-тест, тест “открытое поле”), оценивали уровень апоптоза нейронов (TUNEL), экспрессию апоптоз-модулирующих белков (иммуногистохимия, Western blotting). Выявлены различия в психоэмоциональной и двигательной активности данных линий мышей. Результаты показали также морфологические различия — увеличение уровня апоптоза нейронов коры при старении у мышей FBV при отсутствии изменений у старых мышей HER2. Показано, что изученные препараты индуцируют клеточную гибель нейронов коры у трансгенных мышей обоих возрастов по р53-зависимому пути. Увеличение доли апоптотических клеток в группе старых трансгенных мышей имеет важное значение, поскольку апоптоз при старении является одной из причин возникновения рака. При этом у старых мышей дикого типа введение изученных препаратов приводит к снижению повышенного уровня апоптоза, что уменьшает риск возрастной нейродегенерации. Выявленные морфологические изменения коры головного мозга при старении являются базой для нарушений функций (снижение двигательной активности, повышение тревожности). Применение ангиогена и цитофлавина улучшает функциональную активность коры, способствуя, в первую очередь, сохранению структуры нервной ткани.
Ингибиторы протонового насоса
Authors: Карева Елена Николаевна
Published: March 2018

Обзор литературы посвящен сравнительному анализу фармакологических свойств ингибиторов протонового насоса, широко используемых в лечении кислотозависимых заболеваний ЖКТ. В статье последовательно разобраны вопросы физиологического контроля продукции хлористоводородной кислоты в желудке, строение и функционирование протонового насоса, сравнительные характеристики фармакологических свойств и особенности клинического применения ингибиторов протонового насоса.
Эффективность стандартизированного экстракта из гонад зеленых морских ежей на экспериментальной модели метаболического синдрома
Authors: Пожарицкая Ольга Николаевна , Шиков Александр Николаевич , Макарова Марина Николаевна , Селезнёва Арина Игоревна , Макаренко Игорь Евгеньевич , Макаров Валерий Геннадьевич
Published: March 2018

В доклинических исследованиях, проведенных на спонтанно гипертензивных крысах, впервые установлено, что профилактическое введение стандартизированного экстракта из гонад морских ежей в дозах 0,37 и 0,74 мг/кг при внутрибрюшинном введении в течение 34 сут снижает уровень глюкозы в крови (практически до уровня нормы) эффективнее, чем препарат сравнения метформин, а также уровень гликозилированного гемоглобина, предотвращает уменьшение диаметра островков Лангерганса и обладает выраженным антигипертензивным действием. На модели стрептозотоцинового диабета 2 типа стандартизированный экстракт гонад морских ежей проявляет активность в дозе 0,74 мг/кг при внутрибрюшинном введении, сравнимую с действием препарата сравнения метформина в дозе 100 мг/кг.
Оценка принадлежности мексидола к субстратам, ингибиторам или индукторам гликопротеина-P
Authors: Якушева Елена Н. , Щулькин А. В. , Черных И. В.
Published: March 2018

На 18 половозрелых кроликах-самцах породы шиншилла изучена принадлежность препарата мексидол к числу субстратов, ингибиторов или индукторов гликопротеина-P. Для оценки принадлежности мексидола к субстратам гликопротеина-P изучали его концентрацию в плазме крови животных методом ВЭЖХ с УФ-детектированием до и после курсового введения рифампицина и верапамила в качестве соответственно индуктора и ингибитора транспортера. Влияние мексидола на функциональную активность гликопротеина-P в плазме крови кроликов оценивали по фармакокинетике его маркерного субстрата — фексофенадина, концентрацию которого определяли методом ВЭЖХ с УФ-детектированием. Установлено, что мексидол не является субстратом гликопротеина-P, но оказывает ингибирующее влияние на его функциональную активность.
Грипп у детей: клиника, гематологические показатели интоксикации, детоксикационная терапия
Authors: Михайлова Е. В. , Чудакова Т. К.
Published: March 2018

Статья посвящена определению диагностической значимости гематологических показателей интоксикации, системной воспалительной реакции при гриппе у детей и эффективности включения препарата «Реамберин 1,5 % раствор для инфузий» в программу инфузионной терапии гриппа с тяжёлым течением. В работе представлены результаты клинико-лабораторного наблюдения за 130 детьми, больными гриппом, в возрасте от 5 мес до 12 лет. Лабораторные показатели системной воспалительной реакции: C-реактивный белок, лейкоцитарный индекс интоксикации, гематологический показатель интоксикации оказались информативными для ранней диагностики тяжелого и осложненного течения гриппа. Снижение уровня СРБ и гематологических показателей интоксикации при включении реамберина в программу инфузионной терапии больным с тяжёлым течением гриппа свидетельствует о выраженном детоксикационном действии препарата. Таким образом, включение реамберина в программу инфузионной терапии больных гриппом позволяет быстрее купировать клинические симптомы заболевания, что приводит к сокращению продолжительности стационарного лечения.
Максимальная разовая доза препарата коллоидного серебра негативно влияет на эритропоэз in vitro
Authors: Тишевская Наталья Викторовна , Захаров Юрий Михайлович , Болотов Анатолий Анатольевич , Архипенко Юрий Владимирович , Сазонтова Татьяна Геннадьевна
Published: March 2018

Эритробластические островки (ЭО) костного мозга крыс культивировали 24 ч в присутствии наночастиц серебра (1,07 · 10–4, 1,07 ·10–3, 1,07 ·10–2 мкг/мл). Концентрация препарата коллоидного серебра, содержащая 1,07 ·10–3 мкг/мл наночастиц серебра, подавляет формирование новых ЭО, возникающих на основе контактов свободных костномозговых макрофагов с КОЕэ (эритропоэз de novo) на 65,3 % (p < 0,05). Наночастицы серебра тормозят реконструкцию эритропоэза, препятствуя формированию новых ЭО на основе контактов КОЕэ с центральными макрофагами, уже имеющими зрелую эритроидную «корону» (эритропоэз de repeto). Концентрация 1,07 · 10–3 мкг/мл культуральной среды наночастиц серебра уменьшает количество реконструирующихся ЭО на 67,5 % (p < 0,05), концентрация 1,07 · 10–2 — на 93,7 % (p < 0,05). Препарат коллоидного серебра замедляет созревание эритроидных клеток на этапе денуклеации оксифильных нормобластов. Под влиянием наночастиц серебра в концентрации 1,07 · 10–3 мкг/мл культуральной среды число зрелых ЭО 3 класса увеличилось на 53 % (p < 0,05).Тормозящее эритропоэз действие коллоидного серебра в концентрации, эквивалентной максимальной разовой дозе, обусловлено эффектами самих наночастиц серебра, а не действием глицерина, также входящего в состав исследуемого препарата.
Consequences of Multi-Scale Habitat Selection on Reproductive Success of Riverine Sandbar-Nesting Birds in Cambodia
Authors: Claassen Andrea H. , Forester James D. , Arnold Todd W. , Cuthbert Francesca J.
Published: March 2018

Habitat selection occurs at multiple spatial scales and affects demographic processes including reproductive success. Few studies, however, have linked multi-scale habitat selection to reproductive success. We investigated breeding habitat selection at three spatial scales (nest site, nest area and territory), and the consequences of habitat selection on reproductive success of four riverine sandbar-nesting bird species in Cambodia. All species generally selected larger habitat patches, in territories with higher proportions of bare ground substrates, including gravel and dry mud. Individuals generally selected areas with less vegetation; however, at smaller spatial scales, Small Pratincoles (Glareola lactea) and Little Ringed Plovers (Charadrius dubius) used sites with more vegetation. Vegetation generally had a negative effect on reproductive success. For River Terns (Sterna aurantia), nest success was lower in areas with a higher proportion of invasive Mimosa pigra, and chick survival decreased with vegetation height. River Lapwing (Vanellus duvaucelii) nest success decreased with more woody stems, and nest success of Small Pratincoles and Little Ringed Plovers decreased with more herbaceous vegetation. Negative effects of vegetation were likely due to reduced ability of incubating birds to detect predators, or increased cover or foraging efficiency of predators. Finally, proximity to the river channel reduced nest success; nests near the channel had a higher risk of flooding. This is the first study to identify variables associated with habitat selection for all species in this study and to relate habitat use to reproductive success. Results of this study will aid conservation efforts for these regionally threatened species.
Registration of WA‐HT1, a Camelina Line with Resistance to Residual Levels of ALS Inhibitor Herbicides
Authors: Hulbert Scot H. , Craine Wilson , Pan William L.
Published: March 2018

Camelina (Camelina sativa L. Crantz) is highly sensitive to soil residual levels of many acetolactate synthesis (ALS) inhibitor herbicides. Other crops with resistance to these herbicides have been developed through mutation. Development of camelina with this resistance would allow greater flexibility for the crop in rotation with other crops. The SM4 (sulfonylurea mutant 4) line, previously derived by mutagenesis, showed increased resistance to both imidazolinone and sulfonylurea herbicides. The mutation was controlled by a single semidominant gene and was derived in the ‘Cheyenne’ background. Progeny plants with good vigor from the SM4 variant were crossed to the plants from cultivar Calena, which has consistently performed well in Camelina trials the US Pacific Northwest. Lines from this cross that had good seed yields and were homozygous for the gene controlling resistance were advanced by pedigree selection at Washington State University. Selection for seedling vigor, seed yield, and oil content resulted in the F6–derived line WA‐HT1 (GP‐37, PI 683517). The WA‐HT1 line is severely stunted if specified field rates of imazamox (Beyond) herbicide is directly applied but is tolerant to residual levels of the herbicide encountered from carryover of previous applications. Use of the WA‐HT1 line will reduce the risk associated with growing camelina in crop rotations that use group 2 herbicides.
Registration of Sugar Beet Germplasm Lines CN921‐515 and CN921‐516 with Sugar Beet Cyst Nematode Resistance from Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima
Authors: Richardson Kelley L.
Published: March 2018

CN921‐515 (Reg. No. GP‐295, PI 669447) and CN921‐516 (Reg. No. GP‐296, PI 669448) sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) germplasm lines, with sugar beet cyst nematode (SBCN) resistance derived from Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima L. (Bvm), were developed and released by the USDA‐ARS at Salinas, CA, in cooperation with the Beet Sugar Development Foundation in Denver, CO. CN921‐515 and CN921‐516 are multigerm, green hypocotyl, self‐fertile, partially inbred lines extracted from genetic‐male‐sterile facilitated, random‐mated lines. Greenhouse SBCN screening of individual plants and progeny tests indicate each is likely homozygous resistant. CN921‐306 is the progenitor population and was developed from multiple composite crosses involving >40 Bvm accessions. Therefore, the original wild beet accession that contributed sugar beet cyst nematode resistance to these lines is not known, nor are the allelic relationships with recently released CN12‐446, CN12‐770, and CN72‐652. CN921‐515 and CN921‐516 have a higher frequency of SBCN resistance (higher number of resistant individuals per line) than CN921‐306. CN921‐515 and CN921‐516 also have an increased number of rhizomania‐resistant individuals compared with CN921‐306.
Easy Tracking of UAV Using PID Controller
Authors: Zouaoui Satla , Mohamed Elajrami , Kouider Bendine
Published: March 2018

The main objective of the present paper is to design a mathematical model to estimate the behavior of flying robots with four motors (quadcopters) controlled by three algorithms; P depends on the present errors; I on the accumulation of past errors, and D a prediction of future errors (PID controller design) with simple strategy. In this regard, a governing equation of motion based on Newton Euler’s formularies for rigid body dynamics is presented. In order to design the control algorithm some assumptions are made such as the ignorance of the blade flapping, surrounding fluid velocities. This exclusion of parameters makes the model flexible, simple, and allows the control to be more efficiency and easy to designed without the need of expensive computation. The simulation studies are carried out using MATLAB program.
Relative abundance of insect pests and their predators on boro rice
Authors: Bakar MA , Khan MMH
Published: March 2018

The study was conducted to know the relative abundance of insect pests and their predators on 5 boro rice varieties namely Arize tez, Teea, Sakti, Sathi and BRRI Dhan 28. In Arize Tez variety, short horned grasshopper revealed the highest percent relative abundance (87.25%) at tillering stage and green rice leafhopper was only at panical initiation stage. Among insect predators, wasp showed the highest percent relative abundance (33.33%) both at tillering and panical initiation stages. In Teea variety, the highest percent relative abundance of short horned grasshopper was recorded at tillering (80.21%) and panicle initiation (86.03%) stages while spider and lady bird beetle had 21.05% at tillering stage, wasp (21.05% and 40.00%), damselfly (21.05% and 40.00%) at tillering and panical initiation stages, respectively. In Sakti variety, short horned grasshopper had the highest percent relative abundance (72.54% and 69.05%) at tillering and panicle initiation stages while dragonfly had 30.77% at tillering, wasp had 30.77% and 66.66% at tillering and panicle initiation stages. In Shathi variety, the highest percent relative abundance of short horned grasshopper was recorded at tillering (59.46%) and panicle initiation (52.27%) stages while wasp (41.67%) at panical initiation stage. In variety BRRI dhan 28, the highest percent relative abundance of insect pests was recorded in short horned grasshopper (76.73% and 86.05%) both at tillering and panicle initiation stages while in insect predators, wasp had 40% at tillering and 50% at panicle initiation stages but dragonfly had 50% only at panicle initiation stage.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 43(1): 81-88, March 2018
Combining ability and heterosis study in maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids at different environments in Bangladesh
Authors: Karim ANMS , Ahmed S , Akhi AH , Talukder MZA , Mujahidi TA
Published: March 2018

The aim of this study was to isolate superior inbred lines and better combining parents for suitable hybrids and to determine percent of heterosis using standard commercial checks in a 7 × 7 diallel analysis excluding reciprocals over five environments. The mean sum of square obtained from combined analysis of variance showed the presence of genetic variability among the crosses, environment and crosses × environment interaction for all of the characters under study. The variances for general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) of variance were found significant for all the characters. However, relative magnitude of variances indicated that additive gene effects were more prominent for all the characters studied. GCA and SCA effects both showed significant interaction with environment for all the traits. This clearly suggested the need of selecting different parental lines for hybrids for different ecological situations. Parents P3, P5 and P6 were the best general combiner for high yield; parents P6 for earliness; and P1, P2 and P3 for dwarf plant type. The range of heterosis expressed by different crosses was from -13.04 to 5.25 % percent for grain yield. The better performing six crosses (P1 × P2, P1 × P5, P3 × P4, P3 × P6, P3 × P7 and P4 × P5) can be utilized for developing high yielding hybrid varieties as well as for exploiting hybrid vigour. These crosses also need to be evaluated further in multilocations.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 43(1): 125-134, March 2018
Connectivity and Hamiltonicity of Canonical Colouring Graphs of Bipartite and Complete Multipartite Graphs
Authors: Haas Ruth , MacGillivray Gary
Published: March 2018

A k-colouring of a graph G with colours 1 , 2 , … , k is canonical with respect to an ordering π = v 1 , v 2 , … , v n of the vertices of G if adjacent vertices are assigned different colours and, for 1 ≤ c ≤ k , whenever colour c is assigned to a vertex v i , each colour less than c has been assigned to a vertex that precedes v i in π . The canonical k-colouring graph of G with respect to π is the graph Can k π ( G ) with vertex set equal to the set of canonical k-colourings of G with respect to π , with two of these being adjacent if and only if they differ in the colour assigned to exactly one vertex. Connectivity and Hamiltonicity of canonical colouring graphs of bipartite and complete multipartite graphs is studied. It is shown that for complete multipartite graphs, and bipartite graphs there exists a vertex ordering π such that Can k π ( G ) is connected for large enough values of k. It is proved that a canonical colouring graph of a complete multipartite graph usually does not have a Hamilton cycle, and that there exists a vertex ordering π such that Can k π ( K m , n ) has a Hamilton path for all k ≥ 3 . The paper concludes with a detailed consideration of Can k π ( K 2 , 2 , … , 2 ) . For each k ≥ χ and all vertex orderings π , it is proved that Can k π ( K 2 , 2 , … , 2 ) is either disconnected or isomorphic to a particular tree.
Field Screening of Waterlogging Tolerance in Spring Wheat and Spring Barley
Authors: Sundgren Tove , Uhlen Anne , Waalen Wendy , Lillemo Morten
Published: March 2018

Improved waterlogging tolerance of wheat and barley varieties may alleviate yield constraints caused by heavy or long-lasting precipitation. The waterlogging tolerance of 181 wheat and 210 barley genotypes was investigated in field trials between 2013 and 2014. A subset of wheat genotypes were selected for yield trials in 2015 and 2016. Our aim was to: (1) characterize the waterlogging tolerance of genotypes with importance for Norwegian wheat and barley breeding, and (2) identify which phenotypic traits that most accurately determine the waterlogging tolerance of wheat in our field trials. Waterlogging tolerance was determined by principal component analysis (PCA) where best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) of the traits chlorosis, relative plant height, heading delay, relative spike number, relative biomass and an overall condition score were used as input variables. Six wheat and five barley genotypes were identified as consistently more tolerant in 2013 and 2014. This included the waterlogging tolerant CIMMYT line CETA/Ae. tauschii (895). Chlorosis and the overall condition score were the traits that best explained the yield response of the genotypes selected for the yield trials. Our results show that early stress symptoms did not necessarily reflect the ability to recover post treatment. Thus, records from full crop cycles appear as fundamental when screening populations with unknown tolerance properties.
Factors Associated with High Live Release for Dogs at a Large, Open-Admission, Municipal Shelter
Authors: Patronek Gary , Crowe Abbi
Published: March 2018

Better understanding of factors contributing to live release (rehoming) may help shelters improve outcomes. In this cross-sectional, exploratory, non-interventional study, data for all intakes (n = 21,409) for dogs eligible for rehoming from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2016 are analyzed to identify such factors. Live release was >88%. A total of 1510 (7.1%) dogs interacted with the foster care system, 98.9% of whom had live release. Foster care increased the odds of live release by about five-fold for all dogs (odds ratio (OR) 5.30 (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.13; 8.97), p < 0.001) and by >20-fold for adult dogs (OR 22.2 (95% CI: 5.48; 90.2), p < 0.001) compared to first-time owner-surrendered dogs. Dogs returned from foster care had a 70% reduction in health concerns, as judged by intake staff, compared with dogs sent to foster. In addition to saving 2882 lives, the rescue network utilized by this shelter was estimated as having reduced in-shelter care needs by 13,409 animal care-days over two years. Dogs returned from adoption also had increased odds of live release (OR 4.74 (95% CI: 3.02; 7.44), p < 0.0001). Nearly a third (29.6%) of dogs originally brought in by owners for euthanasia were determined to be potentially savable, and a fifth of the original group (21.1%) were ultimately placed. Less than 4% of dogs presented with behavioral concerns at intake. It remains to be determined whether other large, open intake shelters performing animal control can replicate these results.
Can a Red Wood-Ant Nest Be Associated with Fault-Related CH4 Micro-Seepage? A Case Study from Continuous Short-Term In-Situ Sampling
Authors: Berberich Gabriele , Ellison Aaron , Berberich Martin , Grumpe Arne , Becker Adrian , Wöhler Christian
Published: March 2018

We measured methane (CH4) and stable carbon isotope of methane (δ13C-CH4) concentrations in ambient air and within a red wood-ant (RWA; Formica polyctena) nest in the Neuwied Basin (Germany) using high-resolution in-situ sampling to detect microbial, thermogenic, and abiotic fault-related micro-seepage of CH4. Methane degassing from RWA nests was not synchronized with earth tides, nor was it influenced by micro-earthquake degassing or concomitantly measured RWA activity. Two δ13C-CH4 signatures were identified in nest gas: −69‰ and −37‰. The lower peak was attributed to microbial decomposition of organic matter within the RWA nest, in line with previous observations that RWA nests are hot-spots of microbial CH4. The higher peak has not been reported in previous studies. We attribute this peak to fault-related CH4 emissions moving via fault networks into the RWA nest, which could originate either from thermogenic or abiotic CH4 formation. Sources of these micro-seepages could be Devonian schists, iron-bearing “Klerf Schichten”, or overlapping micro-seepage of magmatic CH4 from the Eifel plume. Given the abundance of RWA nests on the landscape, their role as sources of microbial CH4 and biological indicators for abiotically-derived CH4 should be included in estimation of methane emissions that are contributing to climatic change.
Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Jamurtas Athanasios Z.
Published: March 2018

Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is associated with muscle soreness or discomfort and amarked decline of muscle strength during the first 12–72 hours post-exercise [1].[...]
Growth Identification of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus by Visible/Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Chu Xuan , Wang Wei , Ni Xinzhi , Zheng Haitao , Zhao Xin , Zhang Ren , Li Yufeng
Published: March 2018

Visible/near-infrared (Vis/NIR) hyperspectral imaging (400–1000 nm) was applied to identify the growth process of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. The hyperspectral images of the two fungi that were growing on rose bengal medium were recorded daily for 6 days. A band ratio using two bands at 446 nm and 460 nm separated A. flavus and A. parasiticus on day 1 from other days. Image at band of 520 nm classified A. parasiticus on day 6. Principle component analysis (PCA) was performed on the cleaned hyperspectral images. The score plot of the second to sixth principal components (PC2 to PC6) gave a rough clustering of fungi in the same incubation time. However, in the plot, A. flavus on day 3 and day 4 and A. parasiticus on day 2 and day 3 overlapped. The average spectra of each fungus in each growth day were extracted, then PCA and support vector machine (SVM) classifier were applied to the full spectral range. SVM models built by PC2 to PC6 could identify fungal growth days with accuracies of 92.59% and 100% for A. flavus and A. parasiticus individually. In order to simplify the prediction models, competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) was employed to choose optimal wavelengths. As a result, nine (402, 442, 487, 502, 524, 553, 646, 671, 760 nm) and seven (461, 538, 542, 742, 753, 756, 919 nm) wavelengths were selected for A. flavus and A. parasiticus, respectively. New optimal wavelengths SVM models were built, and the identification accuracies were 83.33% and 98.15% for A. flavus and A. parasiticus, respectively. Finally, the visualized prediction images for A. flavus and A. parasiticus in different growth days were made by applying the optimal wavelength’s SVM models on every pixel of the hyperspectral image.
Special Issue on “Sound and Music Computing”
Authors: Lokki Tapio , Müller Meinard , Serafin Stefania , Välimäki Vesa
Published: March 2018

Sound and music computing is a young and highly multidisciplinary research field. [...]
The Influence of Forming Directions and Strain Rate on Dynamic Shear Properties of Aerial Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Meng Ying , Wang Xiangyu , Zongcheng Hao , Fu Xiuli
Published: March 2018

Dynamic shear properties under high strain rate are an important basis for studying the dynamic mechanical properties and microscopic mechanisms of materials. Dynamic impact shear tests of aerial aluminum alloy 7050-T7451 in rolling direction (RD), transverse direction (TD) and normal direction (ND) were performed at a range of strain rates from 2.5 × 104 s−1 to 4.5 × 104 s−1 by High Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB). The influence of different forming directions and strain rates on the dynamic shear properties of material and the microstructure evolution under dynamic shear were emphatically analyzed. The results showed that aluminum alloy 7050-T7451 had a certain strain rate sensitivity and positive strain rate strengthening effect, and also the material had no obvious strain strengthening effect. Different forming directions had a great influence on dynamic shear properties. The shear stress in ND was the largest, followed by that in RD, and the lowest was that in TD. The microstructure observation showed that the size and orientation of the grain structure were different in three directions, which led to the preferred orientation of the material. All of those were the main reasons for the difference of dynamic shear properties of the material.
Field Emission from Carbon Nanostructures
Authors: Giubileo Filippo , Di Bartolomeo Antonio , Iemmo Laura , Luongo Giuseppe , Urban Francesca
Published: March 2018

Field emission electron sources in vacuum electronics are largely considered to achieve faster response, higher efficiency and lower energy consumption in comparison with conventional thermionic emitters. Carbon nanotubes had a leading role in renewing attention to field emission technologies in the early 1990s, due to their exceptional electron emitting properties enabled by their large aspect ratio, high electrical conductivity, and thermal and chemical stability. In the last decade, the search for improved emitters has been extended to several carbon nanostructures, comprising carbon nanotubes, either individual or films, diamond structures, graphitic materials, graphene, etc. Here, we review the main results in the development of carbon-based field emitters.
Differentiation Therapy Targeting the β-Catenin/CBP Interaction in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Manegold Philipp , Lai Keane , Wu Yongfeng , Teo Jia-Ling , Lenz Heinz-Josef , Genyk Yuri , Pandol Stephen , Wu Kaijin , Lin David , Chen Yibu , Nguyen Cu , Zhao Yi , Kahn Michael
Published: March 2018

Background: Although canonical Wnt signaling is known to promote tumorigenesis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a cancer driven principally by mutant K-Ras, the detailed molecular mechanisms by which the Wnt effector β-catenin regulates such tumorigenesis are largely unknown. We have previously demonstrated that β-catenin’s differential usage of the Kat3 transcriptional coactivator cyclic AMP-response element binding protein-binding protein (CBP) over its highly homologous coactivator p300 increases self-renewal and suppresses differentiation in other types of cancer. Aim/methods: To investigate Wnt-mediated carcinogenesis in PDAC, we have used the specific small molecule CBP/β-catenin antagonist, ICG-001, which our lab identified and has extensively characterized, to examine its effects in human pancreatic cancer cells and in both an orthotopic mouse model and a human patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of PDAC. Results/conclusion: We report for the first time that K-Ras activation increases the CBP/β-catenin interaction in pancreatic cancer; and that ICG-001 specific antagonism of the CBP/β-catenin interaction sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells and tumors to gemcitabine treatment. These effects were associated with increases in the expression of let-7a microRNA; suppression of K-Ras and survivin; and the elimination of drug-resistant cancer stem/tumor-initiating cells.
Microglia after Seizures and in Epilepsy
Authors: Hiragi Toshimitsu , Ikegaya Yuji , Koyama Ryuta
Published: March 2018

Microglia are the resident immune cells in the brain that constitute the brain’s innate immune system. Recent studies have revealed various functions of microglia in the development and maintenance of the central nervous system (CNS) in both health and disease. However, the role of microglia in epilepsy remains largely undiscovered, partly because of the complex phenotypes of activated microglia. Activated microglia likely exert different effects on brain function depending on the phase of epileptogenesis. In this review, we mainly focus on the animal models of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and discuss the proepileptic and antiepileptic roles of activated microglia in the epileptic brain. Specifically, we focus on the roles of microglia in the production of inflammatory cytokines, regulation of neurogenesis, and surveillance of the surrounding environment in epilepsy.
Detection and Digital Resolution Counting of Nanoparticles with Optical Resonators and Applications in Biosensing
Authors: Ángel Aguirre Miguel , Long Kenneth , Li Nantao , Manoto Sello , Cunningham Brian
Published: March 2018

The interaction between nanoparticles and the electromagnetic fields associated with optical nanostructures enables sensing with single-nanoparticle limits of detection and digital resolution counting of captured nanoparticles through their intrinsic dielectric permittivity, absorption, and scattering. This paper will review the fundamental sensing methods, device structures, and detection instruments that have demonstrated the capability to observe the binding and interaction of nanoparticles at the single-unit level, where the nanoparticles are comprised of biomaterial (in the case of a virus or liposome), metal (plasmonic and magnetic nanomaterials), or inorganic dielectric material (such as TiO2 or SiN). We classify sensing approaches based upon their ability to observe single-nanoparticle attachment/detachment events that occur in a specific location, versus approaches that are capable of generating images of nanoparticle attachment on a nanostructured surface. We describe applications that include study of biomolecular interactions, viral load monitoring, and enzyme-free detection of biomolecules in a test sample in the context of in vitro diagnostics.
Colorimetric Materials for Fire Gas Detection—A Review
Authors: Schmitt Katrin , Tarantik Karina , Pannek Carolin , Wöllenstein Jürgen
Published: March 2018

The damage caused by outbreaks of fire continues to be enormous despite ongoing improvements in fire detection and fighting. Therefore, the detection of fires at the earliest possible stage is essential. The latest developments in fire detection devices include the addition of carbon monoxide (CO) or temperature sensors into the widespread smoke detectors, but also alternative solutions are searched for. Advantageous is the direct detection of the most relevant fire gases CO and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), because they are produced very early in a developing fire. A sensitive, selective, and low-cost method to detect these gases is the use of colorimetric materials combined with a compact optical readout. In this review, we take account of recent developments in this research field and provide a comprehensive overview on suitable materials for CO and NO2 detection in fire gas sensing and first steps towards novel fire gas detectors.
From the Child’s Word to Clinical Intervention: Novel, New, and Innovative Approaches to Symptoms in Pediatric Palliative Care
Authors: Brock Katharine , Wolfe Joanne , Ullrich Christina
Published: March 2018

Despite vast improvements in disease-based treatments, many children live with life-threatening disorders that cause distressing symptoms. These symptoms can be difficult to comprehensively assess and manage. Yet, frequent and accurate symptom reporting and expert treatment is critical to preserving a patient’s physical, psychological, emotional, social, and existential heath. We describe emerging methods of symptom and health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) assessment through patient-reported outcomes (PROs) tools now used in clinical practice and novel research studies. Computer-based and mobile apps can facilitate assessment of symptoms and HRQOL. These technologies can be used alone or combined with therapeutic strategies to improve symptoms and coping skills. We review technological advancements, including mobile apps and toys, that allow improved symptom reporting and management. Lastly, we explore the value of a pediatric palliative care interdisciplinary team and their role in assessing and managing distressing symptoms and minimizing suffering in both the child and family. These methods and tools highlight the way that novel, new, and innovative approaches to symptom assessment and management are changing the way that pediatrics and pediatric palliative care will be practiced in the future.
Laser-Assisted Removal of Graffiti from Granite: Advantages of the Simultaneous Use of Two Wavelengths
Authors: Pozo-Antonio José , Papanikolaou Athanasia , Melessanaki Kristalia , Rivas Teresa , Pouli Paraskevi
Published: March 2018

Currently, removal of graffiti from stone monuments is a particularly challenging task. Lasers, being highly controllable and precise tools with minimal chemical waste, offer a key solution in this respect and a significant amount of research has been dedicated to this subject. Studies related to the laser cleaning of carbonate stones (such as limestone and marble) reported the extraction of the graffiti layer, although minimal damage to the substrate can be also detected. Recently, research efforts have been focused on the cleaning of granite, which is a complex stone due to its grained and polymineralic texture. Tests involving different wavelengths indicated that the effectiveness of the cleaning procedure is highly dependent on two components: The composition of the binding medium of the graffiti and the fissure system of the granite. In that direction, the aim of this paper is to investigate and to compare the cleaning effectiveness of two wavelengths emitted from a nanosecond (ns) Q-Switched Nd:YAG laser system (IR at 1064 nm and UV at 355 nm), as well as their simultaneous application at different energy density ratios FIR/FUV. The effectiveness of this combined methodology has been shown in several other cases; i.e., for the removal of pollution crusts from carbonate stones (marble). For this study, three different in composition graffiti paints (blue, black, and silver) were applied on a fine-grained granite originating from the NW Iberian Peninsula. Prior to the irradiation tests, the damage thresholds of the granite, as well as the extraction thresholds of the graffiti, were determined. Then, several tests involving a variety of parameters (fluence value, number of pulses, etc.) were performed and the most satisfactory irradiation conditions from each individual wavelength as well as their combination were compared, based on graffiti extraction level and any damage induced on the granite forming minerals. The analytical techniques used for the evaluation were stereomicroscopy, color measurements in CIELAB and CIELCH color spaces, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and confocal microscopy. The experiments indicated the superiority of the combined laser cleaning regarding blue and black graffiti extraction.
Interfacial Chemistry in Steam-Based Thermal Recovery of Oil Sands Bitumen with Emphasis on Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage and the Role of Chemical Additives
Authors: Taylor Spencer
Published: March 2018

In this article, the importance of colloids and interfaces in thermal heavy oil or bitumen extraction methods is reviewed, with particular relevance to oil sands. It begins with a brief introduction to the chemical composition and surface chemistry of oil sands, as well as steam-based thermal recovery methods. This is followed by the specific consideration of steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) from the perspective of the interfacial chemistry involved and factors responsible for the displacement of bitumen from reservoir mineral surfaces. Finally, the roles of the different chemical additives proposed to improve thermal recovery are considered in terms of their contributions to recovery mechanisms from interfacial and colloidal perspectives. Where appropriate, unpublished results from the author’s laboratory have been used to illustrate the discussions.