bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pilot study: a descriptive-retrospective analysis of SARS-CoV-2 variants distribution and phylogenesis in the Phlegraean area
Authors: Mazzarella Maria Cristina , Cristiano Stefano , Rea Dilia , Mazzarella Nicola , Addeo Martina , Iannelli Silvia , Falco Geppino , Brancaccio Mariarita , Angrisano Tiziana
Published: February 2025

COVID-19 disease, caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, marked the pandemic era, opening the way to next-generation sequencing in the viral diagnostic field. SARS-CoV-2 viral genome sequencing makes it possible to identify mutations in the virus and to track the diffusion of these variants in specific geographic area and in time. Variant sequences help understand how the virus spreads and how it can be contained, as well as for developing more effective vaccines and therapies. Indeed, monitoring the evolution of a virus allows us to quickly detect the potential selection of a super mutation, which can make a virus even more contagious and dangerous in terms of human health consequences. In light of this, in our pilot study, we decided to profile the SARS-CoV-2 genome, recruiting 38 patients divided according to age, sex, vaccination status and symptoms, ascertaining their positivity to the virus. Specific strains of SARS-CoV-2 have been identified and effective through next-generation sequencing. This analysis made it possible to obtain information on the variants of the virus and their spread in the Campania region of the Phlegraean area, in the municipalities of Bacoli, Pozzuoli and Monte di Procida from December 2021 to February 2023 and on the effect of long-term measures COVID-19 in our sample. The advantage of using NGS in diagnosis is the introduction of tests on many genes in a relatively short time and at relatively low costs, with a consequent increase in a precise molecular diagnosis and helps to identify ad personam therapies.
Assessing the impact of moxibustion on colonic mucosal integrity and gut microbiota in a rat model of cerebral ischemic stroke: insights from the “brain-gut axis” theory
Authors: Ding Yi-Xia , Chen Liang-Liang , Li Kui-Wu , Zou Ling , Liao Lu-Min , Han Xiao-Yu , OuYang Jie , Wu Yue-Ping , Zhang Wen-Dong , Chu Hao Ran
Published: February 2025

Objective

The aim of this study is to assess the impact of moxibustion on the colonic mucosal barrier and gut microbiota in a rat model of cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS).

Method

The CIS rat model was established using the modified Zea Longa suture method. Successfully modeled rats were randomly allocated into a model group and a moxibustion group, with a sham surgery group serving as the control. The moxibustion group received suspended moxibustion at Dazhui (GV 14), Baihui (GV 20), Fengfu (GV 16), and bilateral Tianshu (ST 25) and Shangjuxu (ST 37) acupoints. Neurological function was assessed using the Longa score, and brain infarct size was assessed through 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed using 16S rDNA amplification sequencing. Intestinal mucosal permeability was evaluated using the FITC-Dextran tracer method. The serum ET-1 levels and the expression of Occludin and ZO-1 proteins in colonic tissues were also measured.

Result

The model group exhibited significantly higher Longa scores, larger brain infarct size, and higher serum FITC-Dextran levels and ET-1 levels when compared with the sham surgery group (p < 0.01). The model group demonstrated decreased expression of Occludin and ZO-1 in colonic tissues (p < 0.01) and changes in gut microbiota structure. When compared to the model group, the moxibustion group demonstrated significantly lower Longa scores, smaller brain infarct size, and lower serum FITC-Dextran levels and ET-1 levels (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the moxibustion group demonstrated decreased inflammatory cell infiltration in colonic tissues, increased expression of Occludin and ZO-1 proteins in colonic tissues (p < 0.05), enhanced gut microbiota structure, and a decreased Simpson index (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Moxibustion can improve the neurological dysfunction in CIS model rats. The mechanism may be associated with the improvement in gut microbiota dysbiosis, reduction in colonic mucosal permeability, and restoration of intestinal mucosal barrier damage.
Machine learning, clinical-radiomics approach with HIM for hemorrhagic transformation prediction after thrombectomy and treatment
Authors: Hu Sheng , Liu Junyu , Hong Jiayi , Chen Yuting , Wang Ziwen , Hu Jibo , Gai Shiying , Yu Xiaochao , Fu Jingjing
Published: February 2025

Background

This study aimed to develop a clinical-radiomics model using hyperattenuated imaging markers (HIM), characterized by hyperattenuation on head non-contrast computed tomography immediately after thrombectomy, to predict the risk of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in patients undergoing endovascular mechanical thrombectomy (MT).

Methods

A total of 159 consecutive patients with HIM were screened immediately after MT for inclusion. The datasets were randomly divided into training and test cohorts at a ratio of 8:2. An optimal machine learning (ML) algorithm was used for model development. Subsequently, models for clinical, radiomics, and clinical-radiomics were developed. The performance of the models was measured using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and decision curve analyses (DCA). The interpretability and predictor importance of the model were analyzed using Shapley additive explanations.

Results

Of the 159 patients, 100 (62.9%) exhibited HT. The support vector machine (SVM) was the optimal ML algorithm for constructing the models. In predicting HT, the areas under the curve (AUCs) of the clinical model were 0.918 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.869–0.966) in the training cohort and 0.854 (95% CI = 0.724–0.984) in the test cohort. The AUCs of the radiomics model were 0.869 (95% CI = 0.802–0.936) and 0.829 (95% CI = 0.668–0.990), while those of the clinical-radiomics model were 0.944 (95% CI = 0.905–0.984) and 0.925 (95% CI = 0.832–1.000).

Conclusion

The suggested clinical-radiomics model based on HIM is a reliable method that can provide a risk evaluation of HT in individuals undergoing MT.
γ-Aminobutyric acid treatment enhances quality and improves antioxidant activities of fresh-cut Euryale ferox stems during postharvest storage
Authors: Wang Yan , Wei Hongmei , Wang Songxu , Yu Fulong , Zhai Ligong , Yang Jianting , Wei Zhaohui
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Fresh-cut Euryale ferox stem (FCEFS) is a nutrient-rich but underutilized vegetable that has a short shelf life, making it prone to softening and rotting.

Methods

The effects of different concentrations of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on sensory quality and antioxidant activity during cold storage at 4°C for 20 d were examined.

Results

The results revealed that the FCEFS samples treated with 5 mM GABA maintained greater hardness and ascorbic acid, total phenolic compound and chlorophyll contents than the FCEFS samples not treated with GABA. FCEFS samples subjected to GABA treatment and stored under long-term cold storage conditions presented elevated sensory scores. The control group had ceased to possess commercial value on 16 d, and it was edible by 20 d following GABA treatment, which was corroborated by the notable colour characteristics and electronic nose analysis. Notably, GABA treatment delayed the decrease in soluble solid and endogenous GABA levels, and delayed the accumulation of malondialdehyde and the increase in lignin content in FCEFS during cold storage. In addition, GABA maintained high peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activities.

Discussion

Treatment with 5 mM GABA maintained the shelf-life and sensory quality of the FCEFS for 20 d at 4°C. Therefore, these results indicate that GABA can be used to delay the softening of FCEFS and extend its cold storage and shelf-life.
Deciphering agronomic traits, biochemical components, and color in unique green-seeded fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) genotypes
Authors: Singh Ravindra , Meena Ram Swaroop , Choudhary Sharda , Meena Narottam Kumar , Meena Ram Dayal , Verma Arvind Kumar , Mahatma Mahesh Kumar , Yathendranaik Ravi , Lal Shiv , Shekhawat Pooja Kanwar , Bhardwaj Vinay
Published: February 2025

Fenugreek is a high-value legume known for its potential to enhance human health and combat a variety of diseases and metabolic disorders. This versatile crop has demonstrated promising therapeutic effects in managing obesity, diabetes, cancer, and poor metabolism conditions that have become major global health concerns. Despite the availability of multiple pharmaceutical remedies for these ailments in the market, often times the heavy chemical doses are accompanied by side effects on human body. To investigate the agronomic traits, medicinal potential, and color of fenugreek seeds, this study was conducted and identified fenugreek genotypes with green seed color (GSF1 to GSF10), which can prevent the progression of aforementioned diseases without the hassle of side effects. Ten unique green-seeded fenugreek (GSF) genotypes were compared with five released varieties (yellow-seeded fenugreek; YSF1 to YSF5) as check. The genotypes were assessed during rabi season for 3 consecutive years (2021–22 to 2023–24) in semi-arid Eastern Plain Zone of Rajasthan, India. The findings exhibited that agronomically GSF performed well, almost at par with the YSF. Harvest index (23.21 ± 0.37%) is higher in GSF with very marginal differences in other agronomic traits. The medicinal potential of the GSF showed that GSF6 has nearly 1.5 to 2 times higher insulinotropic 4-hydroxyisoleucine (0.90%) levels compared to the YSF genotypes. This unique non-protein branched amino acid is found in fenugreek seeds. GSF1 has a high concentration of chlorophyll (0.45 mg/100 g), GSF10 has low diosgenin and high 4-OHIle (261.80 mg/100 g and 0.85%, respectively), and GSF9 has low total soluble sugars (TSS; 3.50%). Oil content, phenols, and proteins were found to be higher in GSF making it preferable over YSF. The study further revealed that darkness of green color in the seed is directly related to its chlorophyll content and is directly associated with higher content of 4-OHIle and lower TSS. Among the studied genotypes, harvest index is higher in green-seeded genotypes with maximum seed yield (2473.74 Kg/ha) in genotype GSF8. The superior genotypes GSF1, GSF6, GSF8, GSF9, and GSF10 developed in the study hold potential for future breeding initiatives, aimed at boosting medicinal value, nutritional quality, and productivity.
Ketogenic metabolic therapy in the remission of chronic major depressive disorder: a retrospective case study
Authors: Laurent Nicole , Bellamy Erin L. , Hristova Donika , Houston Ally
Published: February 2025

Background

There is limited evidence describing the use of ketogenic metabolic therapy (KMT), also known as a ketogenic diet (KD), to achieve full remission of treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD) in real-world clinical settings. This case study examines a 47-year-old woman with lifelong treatment-resistant MDD who achieved complete remission of depressive symptoms and improved functioning through a ketogenic diet.

Methods

The patient engaged in KMT with a 1.5:1 macronutrient ratio under the supervision of a treatment team consisting of a medical professional, psychotherapist, and ketogenic-informed nutrition professional through an online program that provided both individual and group support. Interventions included dietary modifications, micronutrient supplementation, and participation in a group coaching program. Outcomes were assessed using validated tools for symptom severity, including PHQ-9 for depression and GAD-7 for anxiety, at baseline, 2 months, and 4 months post-intervention. Qualitative data on patient experiences and functional improvements were also collected.

Results

The patient achieved remission of MDD within 8 weeks of initiating KMT, with PHQ-9 scores decreasing from 25 (severe depression) at baseline to 0 at 2- and 4-month assessments. GAD-7 scores decreased from 3 (minimal anxiety) to 0 over the same period. Qualitative findings revealed significant improvements in emotional regulation, energy levels, and cognitive function.

Conclusion

This case study demonstrates the potential of KMT as a non-pharmacological intervention for achieving full remission in treatment-resistant MDD. These findings suggest further research to evaluate feasibility, efficacy, and broader applicability in diverse clinical settings.
Deep cervical stromal invasion predicts poor prognosis in patients with stage II endometrioid endometrial cancer: a two-centered retrospective study
Authors: Shao Wenyu , Xue Yu , Xu Zhiying , Guan Jun , Wang Huaying , Chen Xiaojun , Ren Yulan
Published: February 2025

Objective

To evaluate the impact of depth of cervical stromal invasion (CSI) on the prognosis of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage II endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC).

Methods

Patients with FIGO stage II EEC confirmed by postoperative histopathology and consecutively admitted to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University and Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center between 2008 and 2017 were included in this study and reviewed retrospectively.

Results

Two hundred and ninety-seven patients were included in this study. There were 253 (253/297, 85.2%)patients with superficial (<50%) and 44 (44/297, 14.8%) cases with deep (≥50%) CSI. The median follow-up time was 75.0 months (range: 5-175 months). Patients in the ≥50% CSI group had a poorer prognosis compared to the <50% CSI group (recurrence-free survival [RFS]: adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 6.077, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 2.275-16.236, disease-specific survival [DSS]: aHR = 7.259, 95% CI: 2.546-20.695). Deep CSI was an independent predictor of local recurrence (aHR=5.537, 95% CI: 1.804-16.991). Post operative external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) was correlated with a reduced risk of recurrence (aHR = 0.288, 95% CI: 0.097-0.859).

Conclusion

Deep CSI is a poor prognostic factor for RFS and DSS in patients with FIGO stage II EEC. Postoperative EBRT can improve both RFS and DSS. Those findings imply that a detailed pathological report on the depth of CSI would be helpful in better understanding its impact on prognosis and selecting an appropriate postoperative treatment for the patient.
Solitary testicular metastasis post-prostatectomy for prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma: case report and literature review
Authors: Chang Bo , Zhang Manqing , Hou Yifan , Li Wenbin , Li Song , Zhang Jianhua , Wang Chenyang , Zhang Qiangqiang , Hou Junqing
Published: February 2025

Background and Purpose

Prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) constitutes a rare and notably aggressive histological subtype within the spectrum of prostate malignancies, distinguished by a heightened propensity for recurrence and metastasis compared to prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma (PAA). Testicular metastasis in PDA is exceptionally rare. Despite sporadic reports in the literature, a consensus regarding the optimal therapeutic approach remains elusive. This study retrospectively analyzes a singular case of PDA manifesting with solitary testicular metastasis after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP), consolidating insights into clinical, histopathological, molecular, and therapeutic aspects, alongside existing scholarly discourse.

Methods

We present the case of a 63-year-old gentleman diagnosed with pure PDA (pT3aN0, Gleason score 4 + 4 = 8), exhibiting a serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level exceeding 100 ng/ml. Subsequently, the patient underwent androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) followed by LRP. Subsequently, at 17 months post-LRP, local recurrence and a right testicular mass emerged, prompting pelvic radiotherapy and docetaxel chemotherapy. Ultimately, the patient underwent right orchiectomy 65 months post-LRP, with pathological findings confirming metastatic PDA. Four months post-orchiectomy, PSA levels declined to 1.77 ng/ml. Additionally, a comprehensive review of published literature concerning PDA complicated by testicular metastasis was conducted.

Results

The patient derived therapeutic benefits from ADT, LRP, radiation therapy, and orchiectomy, resulting in objective symptom alleviation and a reduction in PSA. Nevertheless, docetaxel proved inefficacious. The literature review indicated variability in outcomes across diverse treatment modalities.

Conclusions

Prolonged surveillance is imperative for patients diagnosed with PDA. Urologists must remain vigilant regarding uncommon sites of metastasis, particularly in instances of elevated PSA.
Clinical characteristics and therapeutic direction of HER2 low-expression breast cancer
Authors: Zhou Linlin , Zhang Yinghui , Zhang Jiayu , Wang Hongyu , Zhao Bozhi , Cai Yixin , Qu Yuansong , Li Xinxin , Zhang Dongwei
Published: February 2025

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is one of the oncogenic drivers of breast cancer and is often used as a definitive therapeutic marker for breast cancer. This has led to significant improvements in both targeted therapy and prognosis for HER2-targeted breast cancer. Due to the differences in HER2 gene and protein expression levels, they are clinically classified into HER2 zero-expression breast cancer, low-expression breast cancer and high-expression breast cancer. Among them, HER2 low-expression is considered a special expression state, which is insensitive to conventional anti-HER2 therapy and has a poorer prognosis and thus has received attention from researchers. Some studies demonstrate that patients with HER2 low-expression can benefit from antibody-drug conjugates (ADC). Several studies are currently exploring the efficacy of various ADC drugs in breast cancer with HER2 low-expression, opening up new treatment avenues for patients with HER2 low-expression breast cancer. This review aims to summarize the clinical features of HER2 low-expression breast cancer and the recent advances in its therapeutic agents.
Predictive factors of incidental prostate cancer in patients undergoing surgery for presumed benign prostatic hyperplasia: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Yang , Li Xiancheng , Yang Hua , Yin Chaoshan , Wu Yameng , Chen Xiaoke
Published: February 2025

Purpose

We aimed to identify the clinical predictors of incidental prostate cancer (IPCa) after surgery for presumed benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Methods

The literature was comprehensively searched using PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane databases in December 2024. We used pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) and odds ratio (OR) to describe the correlation between relevant risk factors and IPCa.

Results

Twenty-one studies included 10,842 patients that were available for further analysis. After BPH surgery, 957 patients were histopathologically diagnosed with IPCa. The IPCa rate was 8.83%. Most importantly, our results identified that IPCa was significantly associated with age (pooled SMD = 0.36, P < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (pooled SMD = 0.23, P < 0.001), preoperative prostate-specific antigen (pre-PSA) (pooled SMD = 0.43, P < 0.001), preoperative prostate-specific antigen density (pre-PSAD) (pooled SMD = 0.62, P = 0.028), resected prostate weight (pooled SMD = -0.22, P < 0.001), preoperative treatment with 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5αRIs) (yes/no) (pooled OR = 0.60, P < 0.001), family history (yes/no) (pooled OR = 3.81, P = 0.029), digital rectal examination (DRE) findings (abnormal/normal) (pooled OR = 5.15, P < 0.001), and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) findings (abnormal/normal) (pooled OR = 2.92, P < 0.001). Additionally, sensitivity and subgroup analyses indicated that our findings were reliable and robust. However, we found no significant associations between IPCa and prostate volume, preoperative negative prostate biopsy, smoking history, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, history of dyslipidemia, and abnormal magnetic resonance imaging findings (all P > 0.05).

Conclusions

Age, BMI, pre-PSA, pre-PSAD, resected prostate weight, preoperative treatment with 5αRIs, family history, abnormal DRE findings, and abnormal TRUS findings are independent factors predicting IPCa following BPH surgery. Before BPH surgery, factors such as age, BMI, pre-PSA, and pre-PSAD should be considered to assess the risk of IPCa. For high-risk patients, more detailed imaging and needle biopsy are recommended before surgery to avoid missed diagnosis. In the future, more large-scale and well-designed studies are needed to validate our results further.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42025631346.
Risk factor analysis of plastic bronchitis among 126 children with macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia with mutations at the A2063G site after bronchoscopy examination: a nomogram prediction model
Authors: Ma Ran , Bai Ting , Yuan Bo , Zhang Li , Li Shanshan , Ma Lanhua , Zhang Wei
Published: February 2025

Objective

To determine the risk factors for plastic bronchitis (PB) in children diagnosed with macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MRMP) pneumonia associated with the A2064G variant.

Methods

The clinical data of 126 children diagnosed with MRMP pneumonia (all with mutations at the A2063G site) who underwent bronchoscopy from May 2023 to April 2024 were retrospectively collected. Based on bronchoscopic findings, patients were classified into the PB and non-PB groups. The study compared the general and clinical features, laboratory indicators, imaging features, bronchoscopic manifestations, treatment, and prognosis between the two groups. A nomogram model, based on logistic regression, was developed to estimate the risks of developing PB in children with MRMP pneumonia caused by mutations at the A2063G site.

Results

We included 68 boys and 58 girls in this study, with 32 (25.4%) belonging to the PB group. The nomogram model constructed in this study indicated that three risk factors—Atelectasis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae genome copies (throat swab) >105, and D-dimer levels—could be used for the early identification of MRMP pneumonia-induced PB. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the predictive model was 0.832 (95% confidence interval: 0.743–0.922). The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test demonstrated good calibration of the nomogram (P = 0.227, R2 = 0.403). Decision curve analyses revealed that the model has clinical value. Regarding treatment, second-line drugs and the frequency of bronchoscopy were significantly higher in the PB group than in the non-PB group.

Conclusions

Early risk factor identification and bronchoscopy can improve the outcomes of children with PB associated with MRMP pneumonia caused by mutations at the A2063G site.
Re-challenging pralsetinib following recovery from pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in a lung cancer patient: a Case Report
Authors: Zhao Zhe , Pang Longbin , Liu Surui , Liu Jie
Published: February 2025

Background

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP), an opportunistic infection, is commonly observed in immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with cancer, and is known for its significant morbidity and mortality rates. Pralsetinib is a highly specific inhibitor that targets advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) characterized by RET-fusion positivity. The incidence of PJP infection in patients receiving pralsetinib was found to be infrequent. However, there is currently a lack of consensus regarding the rechallenge of pralsetinib in patients who have fully recovered from PJP.

Case presentation

In this case study, a 60-year-old patient diagnosed with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma and carrying a KIF5B-RET fusion gene underwent pralsetinib treatment as the fourth-line therapy. Subsequently, the patient developed a fever and dyspnea 2.5 months later. However, the patient did not exhibit a positive response to the empirical antibiotic therapy administered. The computed tomography findings indicated widespread ground-glass opacities with numerous cystic lesions in both lungs, along with patchy consolidations in the lower right lung. The diagnosis of PJP was conclusively confirmed through bronchoalveolar lavage. The patient’s condition was effectively treated with a combination of oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and intravenous caspofungin along with clindamycin. The patient fully recovered from PJP. Subsequently, he underwent a rechallenge with pralsetinib, and as of the latest follow-up, no evidence of progressive disease has been observed.

Conclusion

This case report emphasizes the significance for physicians to be cognizant of the potential hazard of PJP development in cancer patients undergoing pralsetinib treatment, particularly in those who are unresponsive to empirical antibiotic therapy. Prompt identification and timely intervention are essential to achieve better outcomes in patients with pralsetinib-induced PJP. Furthermore, it highlights the scenario where patients who have fully recovered from moderate-to-severe pralsetinib-induced PJP may undergo pralsetinib re-administration without requiring alternative treatment options.
Comprehensive analysis of the mitochondrial genome of Iris domestica emphasizing multichromosomal organization and repeat-mediated homologous recombination
Authors: Ouyang Lizhi , Li Xinyu , Wang Ruili , Chen Yixuan , Wang Shuo , Wang Jianfang , Tian Yelin
Published: February 2025

Background

Iris domestica is a perennial herb valued for both its ornamental and medicinal properties. Despite its significance, no comprehensive analysis of its mitochondrial genome has been previously reported. Plant mitochondrial genomes are known for their large size, structural complexity, and frequent recombination events. This study aims to provide the first complete assembly and characterization of the mitochondrial genome of I. domestica, with a focus on its structure, gene content, repeat elements, and RNA editing sites.

Results

We used GetOrganelle and Unicycler software to hybrid assemble Nanopore and Illumina data to obtain the mitochondrial genome of I. domestica. The mitochondrial genome of I. domestica consists of four contigs: contig1 (222,498 bp), contig2 (90,780 bp), contig3 (42,563 bp), and contig4 (39,247 bp). Two repeat sequences, R1 (7,784 bp) and R2 (3,519 bp), facilitate the conformation of three circular chromosomes, suggesting a complex multi-chromosomal structure. A total of 34 protein-coding genes, including 24 core genes and 10 non-core genes were identified. Analysis of tandem repeat elements revealed significant variability, with Chromosome 1 showing the highest diversity of SSRs and scattered repeats. Additionally, 20 homologous fragments were identified between the mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes, accounting for 1.10% of the mitochondrial genome. Phylogenetic analysis based on 24 conserved mitochondrial genes placed I. domestica in close relation to Iris domestica and Crocus sativus. Furthermore, 545 RNA editing sites were identified, with notable variations across genes, suggesting that RNA editing plays a significant role in regulating mitochondrial gene expression.

Conclusion

The complete assembly of the I. domestica mitochondrial genome reveals a complex multichromosomal structure characterized by recombination events. The high number of RNA editing sites and the presence of transferred plastid DNA highlight the dynamic nature of the genome, contributing to its adaptability and evolution. These findings provide a genetic foundation into the plant’s medicinal properties, adaptive mechanisms, and potential for environmental resilience.
Improved RT-DETR and its application to fruit ripeness detection
Authors: Wu Mengyang , Qiu Ya , Wang Wenying , Su Xun , Cao Yuhao , Bai Yun
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Crop maturity status recognition is a key component of automated harvesting. Traditional manual detection methods are inefficient and costly, presenting a significant challenge for the agricultural industry.

Methods

To improve crop maturity detection, we propose enhancements to the Real-Time DEtection TRansformer (RT-DETR) method. The original model's Backbone structure is refined by: HG Block Enhancement: Replacing conventional convolution with the Rep Block during feature extraction, incorporating multiple branches to improve model accuracy. Partial Convolution (PConv): Replacing traditional convolution in the Rep Block with PConv, which applies convolution to only a portion of the input channels, reducing computational redundancy. Efficient Multi-Scale Attention (EMA): Introducing EMA to ensure a uniform distribution of spatial semantic features within feature groups, improving model performance and efficiency.

Results

The refined model significantly enhances detection accuracy. Compared to the original model, the average accuracy (mAP@0.5) improves by 2.9%, while model size is reduced by 5.5% and computational complexity decreases by 9.6%. Further experiments comparing the RT-DETR model, YOLOv8, and our improved model on plant pest detection datasets show that our model outperforms others in general scenarios.

Discussion

The experimental results validate the efficacy of the enhanced RT-DETR model in crop maturity detection. The improvements not only enhance detection accuracy but also reduce model size and computational complexity, making it a promising solution for automated crop maturity detection.
ARR1 and AHP interactions in the multi-step phosphorelay system
Authors: Tran Linh H. , Ruszkowski Milosz
Published: February 2025

Plants use multi-step phosphorelay (MSP) systems in response to exogenous and endogenous stimuli. Cytokinin and ethylene are among the factors that engage MSP signaling cascades but examples independent of phytohormones also exist. The MSP signaling involves four consecutive phosphorylation events at: (i) the kinase domain of the sensory histidine kinase, (ii) the receiver domain of the latter protein, (iii) the histidine-containing phosphotransfer protein, and (iv) the response regulator. In Arabidopsis thaliana, there are eight canonical histidine kinases, five histidine-containing phosphotransfer proteins (AHPs), one pseudo AHP, and 23 response regulators (ARRs). This redundancy suggests complex interactions between signaling pathways, including those involved in phytohormone cross-talk. To bring new insights at the molecular level, we investigated the structural and biophysical characteristics of the AHP1/ARR1 complex. ARR1, a type-B ARR, contains the GARP domain for DNA binding, in addition to the canonical receiver domain that mediates AHP1 interaction. We compared the ARR1 affinities across all five active AHPs and found a modest, two-fold higher affinity for AHP1. This result suggests that while ARR1 shows a slight preference for AHP1, it can also interact with AHP2-5, which potentially makes ARR1 a central node in signaling and a cross-talk modulator. In addition, we discuss the oligomerization state of AHP and related proteins utilizing all available experimental data to conclude that free AHPs are most likely monomeric.
Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health of university teachers and students: a scoping review
Authors: Guimarães de Araujo Faria Magda , da Silva Freitas Venâncio Christiane Gleyce , Carvalho Pacheco Fádia , Ferreira Koopmans Fabiana , Valadão Vasconcelos Alves Luciana , Maia Valente Patrícia
Published: February 2025

Objective

To identify the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health of university professors and students. Method: Scoping review following the protocol recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The research question followed the order imposed by the mnemonic “PCC” (Population, Concept, and Context), namely: what are the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health of university professors and students?

Results

The analysis sample consisted of 29 texts in article format. Two main categories of health repercussions were observed, namely: category 1—repercussions on mental health; category 2—repercussions on physical health.

Conclusion

It is understood that harmful effects on mental health will be an ever-present reality in the university context, since exhaustion is a characteristic of academic work itself. This situation can have serious consequences for the individual, requiring intervention projects combined with public policies that minimize these effects. It is necessary to review the role of the university in today’s society.
Investigation of the effect of a virtual reality-based imagery training model on muscle activation in athletes
Authors: Bedir Fatih , Bedir Deniz , Yılmaz Hasan Hüseyin , Ağduman Fatih , Şen İlhan , Kıyıcı Fatih , Korkmaz Onur Erdem , Yıldız Mustafa Onur , Çelik Erkan
Published: February 2025

Introduction

In the field of sports psychology, imagery training plays a significant role in enhancing athletes’ mental preparation and optimizing sports performance. This study aims to investigate the effects of the Virtual Reality-Based Imagery (VRBI) training model on muscle activation and kinesthetic motor imagery skills in athletes. Specifically, the study compares the VRBI model with traditional imagery methods, including Visual Motor Behavior Practice (VMBP) and Video Modeling (VM), to determine its effectiveness in improving neuromuscular responses.

Methods

A quasi-experimental design with repeated measures was employed, involving 30 bodybuilders and fitness athletes who were randomly assigned to VRBI, VMBP+VM, and control groups. Muscle activation was measured using surface electromyography (sEMG) across a 12-week intervention period. The intervention protocols included progressive relaxation, video modeling, and imagery exercises tailored to enhance kinesthetic motor imagery skills.

Results

The results revealed that the VRBI model significantly increased muscle activation levels and kinesthetic motor imagery skills compared to both the VMBP+VM and control groups (p < 0.01). Notably, athletes in the VRBI group achieved peak muscle activation one week earlier than those in the VMBP+VM group, demonstrating a faster adaptation process. Additionally, VRBI training led to a more substantial improvement in imagery skills, suggesting its superiority in mental training interventions.

Discussion and conclusion

The VRBI model offers a more effective approach to enhancing muscle activation and kinesthetic motor imagery skills in athletes. These findings highlight the potential of VRBI as a valuable tool for optimizing sports performance and accelerating peak performance achievement.
N-acetylcysteine reduces prefrontal reactivity to cocaine cues in individuals with cocaine use disorder
Authors: Engeli Etna J. E. , Preller Katrin H. , Rieser Nathalie M. , Klar Johanna , Staempfli Philipp , Hulka Lea M. , Kirschner Matthias , Seifritz Erich , Herdener Marcus
Published: February 2025

Background

Individuals with cocaine use disorder experience heightened motivation to pursue rewards tied to cocaine, often triggered by associated cues. Cue reactivity and subsequent craving significantly elevate the risk of substance use, creating a pressing need for treatments that can help alleviate cravings. However, no pharmaceutical therapies for treating cocaine use disorder have been approved. Preclinical findings reveal dysfunctions in the glutamatergic pathway connecting prefrontal regions with the nucleus accumbens, which are correlated with cue-induced substance-seeking behaviour. These alterations, at both molecular and behavioural levels, can be reversed in rodents with N-acetylcysteine, a modulator of glutamatergic signalling. In contrast, the therapeutic potential for humans remains uncertain.

Methods

Here, we assessed the impact of a short-term challenge with N-acetylcysteine on neural responses to cocaine cues and cue-induced craving in a randomised, placebo-controlled cross-over trial using a fMRI cue reactivity paradigm. In total, 44 fMRI cue reactivity scans of 22 individuals with cocaine use disorder were recorded—once after the administration of 2,400 mg of N-acetylcysteine/day for 2 days and once after placebo intake.

Results

In the placebo condition, participants showed increased cue reactivity towards cocaine pictures, accompanied by significantly higher cravings as compared to neutral images. In accordance with recent meta-analyses, cue reactivity was evident in parietal regions such as the posterior cingulate and precuneus, temporal regions like the hippocampus, the bilateral insula, and medial prefrontal regions, namely the inferior, middle, and superior frontal gyrus. Cue-induced activity in the superior frontal gyrus was strongly predicted by the individual duration of cocaine use. While N-acetylcysteine showed no impact on subjectively rated cocaine craving, neural cue reactivity in the superior frontal gyrus was significantly decreased under N-acetylcysteine compared to placebo.

Conclusions

Our findings show that prefrontal reactivity to cocaine cues can be reduced even by a brief pharmacological challenge with N-acetylcysteine. Since neural drug cue reactivity has been shown to be a precursor of relapse behaviour, N-acetylcysteine’s therapeutic potential should be further investigated in future studies by extending treatment periods.

Clinical Trial Registration

https://clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT02626494.
The acceptability of compassion-focused therapy in clinical populations: a metasynthesis of the qualitative literature
Authors: Garrett Charlotte , Smith Debbie M. , Wittkowski Anja
Published: February 2025

Background

Compassion-focused therapy (CFT) is a psychological intervention that is increasingly used in UK NHS services, either in an individual or a group format, with individuals experiencing psychological difficulties. Reviews of the quantitative evidence suggest that CFT effectively improves psychological well-being in various clinical groups. Participant experiences of group CFT in those with psychological difficulties have also been explored in several published qualitative and mixed-methods studies. Thus, the aim of this review was to further our understanding of the acceptability of group CFT, in relation to both the content of the intervention and its delivery, in order to help inform the future design and delivery of CFT in clinical services.

Method

Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines, eight relevant databases were searched for terms associated with CFT and qualitative research. The methodological quality of included studies was appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) screening tool. Findings were synthesised using thematic synthesis.

Results

Twelve studies involving 106 participants with psychological difficulties met inclusion criteria. Five main themes were developed from the extracted data: 1) participants’ experiences prior to the intervention, 2) initial response to the idea of participation, 3) participants’ experiences of the intervention: aspects valued or considered beneficial, 4) valued outcomes of the intervention, and 5) the end of the intervention and moving forward.

Conclusions

Findings indicated a high level of acceptability of group CFT and commonality of experiences across participants despite different clinical presentations. The crucial role played by facilitators and other group members to participant engagement and outcomes was highlighted, among other factors. Clinical and research implications of these findings are discussed.
Perspectives of clinicians on the potential impact of social media on social and emotional wellbeing, training needs, and screening recommendations: a preliminary examination
Authors: Domoff Sarah E. , Armstrong Stacey B. , Rollings Heide , Mancuso Amy , Janney Carol A.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Social media is integral to adolescents’ lives, with the separation between adolescents’ online and offline worlds harder to distinguish. Adolescent development occurs online via the opportunity to connect with others and explore themselves. Despite the potential for benefits, some adolescents with underlying mental health conditions are at risk for stressful online experiences, such as cyberbullying. The complexity of the impact of social media on adolescents necessitates an understanding of mental health providers’ perspectives on their observations of youth treated, how they support youth in navigating social media, and suggestions for clinical and research priorities to address barriers encountered in developing resilient and prosocial interactions online. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand these perspectives in stakeholders across mental health-related disciplines.

Methods

In Fall 2022 to Spring 2023, 14 participants were interviewed regarding their perspectives on social media and mental health, how they screen for harmful experiences online, and their approach to supporting youth who have experienced online stressors. We used an inductive thematic analysis to identify themes.

Results

Themes reflected clinicians’ perceptions of positive and negative impacts of social media on youth; how they communicate with youth about their experiences; preferences or recommendations for screening for harmful experiences; and barriers encountered in addressing use and impacts.

Discussion

We outline recommendations for implementing screening for social media experiences, responding to harmful online experiences, and future clinical research directions to fill gaps in training and service provision related to adolescents’ social media use.
Dynapenia is associated with a higher risk of depressive symptoms among older adults
Authors: Chang Chih-Ching , Liao Yung , Chen Jiaren , Lai Ting-Fu , Hsueh Ming-Chun , Park Jong-Hwan , Chang Yen-Jung
Published: February 2025

Background

Depression affects the global burden of disability among older adults. Although dynapenia is related to disability and potential psychological health outcomes, its association with depressive symptoms remains uncertain. Accordingly, the objective of the current study was to investigate this association in older Taiwanese adults, applying the 2019 Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) classification of dynapenia.

Methods

Our research utilized a cross-sectional design implemented from September 2020 to December 2021, enrolling older adults aged over 65 years through National Taiwan University Hospital. The participants underwent standard assessments, including handgrip dynamometry for muscle strength, bioelectrical impedance analysis for muscle mass, and a 6-meter walk test for physical performance, to confirm the classification of dynapenia. The 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) served as the tool to evaluate whether participants were at risk of potential depressive symptoms. The correlation between dynapenia and the risk of geriatric depressive symptoms was assessed through unadjusted and adjusted binary logistic regression analyses.

Results

In total, 197 older adults (mean age was 80.5 ± 7.0 years; 52.8% female; 17.3% at risk of depressive symptoms; 55.8% with dynapenia) were included. Regardless of the different models, dynapenia remained significantly and positively related to the risk of geriatric depressive symptoms (OR [odds ratio]: 2.67; 95% CI [confidence interval]: 1.01–7.05; p = 0.048) after adjusting for potential confounders.

Conclusion

Our findings highlighted a significant association between dynapenia, as classified by the 2019 AWGS criteria, and a higher risk of depressive symptoms in older Taiwanese adults. Public health professionals and practitioners should screen individuals with dynapenia for depressive symptoms to facilitate the early detection of depression. Future research should investigate the complex physiological and psychological mechanisms underlying this association.
Food packaging use and post-consumer plastic waste management: a comprehensive review
Authors: Operato Luigi , Panzeri Alberto , Masoero Gaia , Gallo Andrea , Gomes Leonardo Corrêa , Hamd Wael
Published: February 2025

In 2021, the packaging sector emerged as the largest source of plastic waste in Europe, accounting for about 40% of the total demand for plastics. On average, an EU citizen produced 35.9 kg of waste from plastic packaging, with a 27% increase over the last 10 years. Despite advances in material efficiency and sustainability efforts, the average recycling rate of plastic packaging in the EU was around 40% in 2022, significantly lower than that of paper and cardboard packaging (83.2%) and metals (76.9%). The Food and Beverage (F&B) sector is an extensive user of packaging, driving the demand for innovative solutions to maintain food quality and safety while minimizing environmental impact. In light of these challenges, this comprehensive review examines the expanding use of packaging within the F&B sector and the management of post-consumer plastic waste at the EU level. It scrutinizes the technical, economic, and regulatory trade-offs in packaging deployment and disposal, emphasizing the need for supply chain collaboration to devise effective solutions. The study provides an overview of EU regulations on health and safety, sustainability, and labeling requirements for F&B packaging materials and products. It also explores the optimization of packaging for food business operators and supply chain management practices as well as current waste management strategies for post-consumer plastic waste, focusing on mechanical and chemical recycling and adherence to regulatory targets. Additionally, it identifies barriers to adopting sustainable packaging alternatives and discusses the impact of packaging design on recyclability and consumer acceptance. The study concludes with future research and industry opportunities, highlighting innovative packaging solutions that balance health and safety, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness.
Organ donation in Germany: opt-in vs. opt-out—opinions and voting patterns in the 19th German Bundestag
Authors: Zeybek Asli , Le Nguyen-Son , Settmacher Utz , Koch Martina , Arbogast Helmut , Ziganshyna Svitlana , Hahnenkamp Klaus , Nashan Björn
Published: February 2025

In early 2024, 8,394 patients were waitlisted for solid organ transplantation in Germany. Long waiting times and declining donor numbers highlight the urgency for political measures to improve the organ donation system. This retrospective analysis examined the attitudes of the 19th German Bundestag members towards organ donation and their voting behavior on the opt-out system, which was decided on January 6, 2020. The results were analyzed in relation to party affiliation, age, gender, and educational background. Among members of parliament (MP), 34% were in favor for organ donation, 8% were critical, and 58% made no statement on organ donation at all. Younger members were less likely to express an opinion than older ones (p < 0.001). CDU/CSU (50%) and members of the SPD (48%) showed the highest approval, while The Green Party (39%) showed the lowest approval rate. AfD members had the highest abstention rate (96%, p < 0.001). SPD (66%, OR 33.24) and CDU/CSU (63%, OR 28.32) strongly supported the opt-out system, while AfD (94%) and The Green Party (88%) strongly rejected. Overwhelming majorities of the AfD (94%), The Green Party (89%), and FDP (81%) members who had not previously expressed an opinion to organ donation and legislation voted against the opt-out system, whereas majorities of SPD (66%) and CDU/CSU (66%) voted in favor. Most members who held opposing views on organ donation voted against the opt-out solution. Party affiliation was strongly correlated with both attitudes towards organ donation and voting behavior as well as a considerable lack of in-depth knowledge regarding transplant legislation. A fact-based discussion involving medical professionals, who play a key role in the organ donation process, is essential, along with a thorough understanding of the organ transplant law.