bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Androgen-regulated transcription of ESRP2 drives alternative splicing patterns in prostate cancer
Authors: Munkley Jennifer , Li Ling , Krishnan S R Gokul , Hysenaj Gerald , Scott Emma , Dalgliesh Caroline , Oo Htoo Zarni , Maia Teresa Mendes , Cheung Kathleen , Ehrmann Ingrid , Livermore Karen E , Zielinska Hanna , Thompson Oliver , Knight Bridget , McCullagh Paul , McGrath John , Crundwell Malcolm , Harries Lorna W , Daugaard Mads , Cockell Simon , Barbosa-Morais Nuno L , Oltean Sebastian , Elliott David J
Published: September 2019

Prostate is the most frequent cancer in men. Prostate cancer progression is driven by androgen steroid hormones, and delayed by androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Androgens control transcription by stimulating androgen receptor (AR) activity, yet also control pre-mRNA splicing through less clear mechanisms. Here we find androgens regulate splicing through AR-mediated transcriptional control of the epithelial-specific splicing regulator ESRP2. Both ESRP2 and its close paralog ESRP1 are highly expressed in primary prostate cancer. Androgen stimulation induces splicing switches in many endogenous ESRP2-controlled mRNA isoforms, including splicing switches correlating with disease progression. ESRP2 expression in clinical prostate cancer is repressed by ADT, which may thus inadvertently dampen epithelial splice programmes. Supporting this, treatment with the AR antagonist bicalutamide (Casodex) induced mesenchymal splicing patterns of genes including FLNB and CTNND1. Our data reveals a new mechanism of splicing control in prostate cancer with important implications for disease progression.
Neighbor predation linked to natural competence fosters the transfer of large genomic regions in Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Matthey Noémie , Stutzmann Sandrine , Stoudmann Candice , Guex Nicolas , Iseli Christian , Blokesch Melanie
Published: September 2019

Natural competence for transformation is a primary mode of horizontal gene transfer. Competent bacteria are able to absorb free DNA from their surroundings and exchange this DNA against pieces of their own genome when sufficiently homologous. However, the prevalence of non-degraded DNA with sufficient coding capacity is not well understood. In this context, we previously showed that naturally competent Vibrio cholerae use their type VI secretion system (T6SS) to actively acquire DNA from non-kin neighbors. Here, we explored the conditions of the DNA released through T6SS-mediated killing versus passive cell lysis and the extent of the transfers that occur due to these conditions. We show that competent V. cholerae acquire DNA fragments with a length exceeding 150 kbp in a T6SS-dependent manner. Collectively, our data support the notion that the environmental lifestyle of V. cholerae fosters the exchange of genetic material with sufficient coding capacity to significantly accelerate bacterial evolution.
Reduced gray matter volume in male adolescent violent offenders
Authors: Zhang Ying-Dong , Zhou Jian-Song , Lu Feng-Mei , Wang Xiao-Ping
Published: September 2019

Background

Previous studies reported that reduced gray matter volume (GMV) was associated with violent-related behaviors. However, the previous studies were conducted on adults and no study has studied the association between GMV and violent behaviors on adolescents. The purpose of the study was to investigate GMV’s effects in adolescent violent offenders based on a Chinese Han population, which can address the problem of possible confounding factors in adult studies.

Methods

We recruited 30 male adolescent violent offenders and 29 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). Differences in both whole-brain and GMV were evaluated using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). We assessed the accuracy of VBM using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and discriminant analysis.

Results

Compared with HCs, the male adolescent offenders showed significantly reduced GMV in five cortical and subcortical brain regions, including the olfactory cortex, amygdala, middle temporal gyrus and inferior parietal lobe in the left hemisphere, as well as the right superior temporal gyrus. Both ROC curve and discriminate analyses showed that these regions had relatively high sensitivities (58.6%–89.7%) and specificities (58.1%–74.2%) with 76.7% classification accuracy.

Conclusions

Our results indicated that reduced volume in the frontal-temporal-parietal-subcortical circuit may be closely related to violent behaviors in male adolescents, which might be an important biomarker for detecting violent behaviors in male adolescents.
Comparative analysis of the ribosomal DNA repeat unit (rDNA) ofPerna viridis(Linnaeus, 1758) andPerna canaliculus(Gmelin, 1791)
Authors: Guo Zhansheng , Han Leng , Liang Zhenlin , Hou Xuguang
Published: September 2019

Perna viridisandP. canaliculusare economically and ecologically important species of shellfish. In this study, the complete ribosomal DNA (rDNA) unit sequences of these species were determined for the first time. The gene order, 18S rRNA–internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1–5.8S rRNA–ITS2–28S rRNA–intergenic spacer (IGS), was similar to that observed in other eukaryotes. The lengths of theP. viridisandP. canaliculusrDNA sequences ranged from 8,432 to 8,616 bp and from 7,597 to 7,610 bp, respectively, this variability was mainly attributable to the IGS region. The putative transcription termination site and initiation site were confirmed.Perna viridisandP. canaliculusrDNA contained two (length: 93 and 40 bp) and one (length: 131 bp) repeat motifs, respectively. Individual intra-species differences mainly involved the copy number of repeat units. InP. viridis, three cytosine-guanine (CpG) sites with sizes of 440, 1,075 and 537 bp were found to cover nearly the entire IGS sequence, whereas inP. canaliculus, two CpG islands with sizes of 361 and 484 bp were identified. The phylogenetic trees constructed with maximum likelihood and neighbour-joining methods and based on ITS sequences were identical and included three major clusters. Species of the same genus were easily clustered together.
Effects of mechanical and chemical control on invasive Spartina alterniflora in the Yellow River Delta, China
Authors: Xie Baohua , Han Guangxuan , Qiao Peiyang , Mei Baoling , Wang Qing , Zhou Yingfeng , Zhang Anfeng , Song Weimin , Guan Bo
Published: September 2019

Spartina alterniflora is one of the most noxious invasive plants in China and many other regions. Exploring environmentally friendly, economic and effective techniques for controlling Spartina alterniflora is of great significance for the management of coastal wetlands. In the present study, different approaches, including mowing and waterlogging, mowing and tilling and herbicide application, were used to control Spartina alterniflora. The results suggest that the integrated approach of mowing and waterlogging could eradicate Spartina alterniflora, the herbicide haloxyfop-r-methyl could kill almost all the Spartina alterniflora, and the integrated approach of mowing and tilling at the end of the growing season was a perfect way to inhibit the germination of Spartina alterniflora in the following year. However, no matter which control approach is adopted, secondary invasion of Spartina alterniflora must be avoided. Otherwise, all the efforts will be wasted in a few years.
Attitudinal Disposition and Management Perception among Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Selected Hospitals in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Oyelami Funmilola , Ukoha Chidinma Emma , Olunuga Oluwatomi , Adelekan Ademola
Published: September 2019

Background: Diabetes mellitus is an emerging metabolic disorder of the 21st century and has continued to attract the attention of health practitioners, as it continues to decrease the efficiency of its victims without any promise of change in the near or far future if more is not done to avert the progressing chronic condition.

Aim: To determine the attitudinal disposition and management perception among diabetics Mellitus patients in selected hospitals in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Study Design: The study was a cross sectional survey design guided by a behavioral theory.

Place and Duration of Study: using purposive sampling, the study was carried out among diabetic patient attending University College Hospital, Ring-Road State Hospital and Oluyoro Catholic Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State. 

Materials and Methodology: A systematic random sampling was used to select 600 out of 2,115 diabetes patients receiving treatment at University College Hospital, Ring-Road State Hospital and Oluyoro Catholic Hospital. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection on respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics, attitudinal disposition and management perception. Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis.

Results: Mean age of the respondents was 63.9 ± 8.6 years, 75.3% were married and 62.7% were females. Majority (94.0%) of the respondents had a positive attitude towards compliance with management of DM. Majority (91.5%) were of the attitude that it is not necessary for people living with DM to do regular exercise as exercise will not make them to breakdown and 97.0% were of the attitude that diabetic patients cannot take any amount of alcohol beverages he/she wants. Respondents’ mean perception score was 21.8 ± 4.8 and 69.2% had a positive perception to management of DM. most (69.2%) of the respondents were of the perception that DM is a lifelong disease and can only be controlled but cannot be cured.

Conclusion: Many of the respondents had appropriate perceptions needed to cope with the disease. However, the positive attitude sustenance demonstrated by the respondent should be promoted if compliance with the management of DM must be ensured.
Chronic Osteomyelitis among Children Attending Orthopedic Services at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital: Prevalence, Etiological Agents and Their Drug Susceptibility Patterns
Authors: Edson Tayebwa , Kyengera Kisitu , Andrew Baguma , Joel Bazira
Published: September 2019

Background: This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine prevalence, causative agents and their drug susceptibility patterns of chronic osteomyelitis children among 766 children attending orthopedic services at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital between October 2016 and June 2017.

Methods: Seventy-four consented patients were consecutively enrolled and their demographic characteristics, clinical and radiological data collected. Superficial and deep bone pus swabs were collected and processed as per standard operative procedures. Susceptibility testing was done using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique. Data was analyzed using Stata version 13.0.

Results: The prevalence of children with COM was 9.7%.  The female: Male ratio was 1:1.2 with a mean age of 11 years. The most infected bone was the tibia followed by the femur. The common clinical presentations were chronic bone pain and discharging sinus tracts whereas the most imminent radiological features were sequestrum and involcrum. Pus swabs were taken off from both the discharging sinuses and the deep intra osseous abscesses for culture and sensitivity studies. The concordance rate of the microorganisms between the superficial and the deep swabs was 62.5%. Staphylococcus aureus was the most predominant microorganism isolated (85%). All the microorganism isolates were sensitive to gentamycin. However, all Staphylococcus aureus isolated were resistant to penicillin.

Conclusion: Prevalence of Chronic osteomyelitis among children with orthopedic conditions presenting to MRRH is high. The isolated microorganisms are resistant to antibiotics we commonly use in our settings.
Developing Professional Capability: Growing Capacity and Competencies to Meet Complex Workplace Demands
Authors: Melacarne Claudio , Nicolaides Aliki
Published: September 2019

This paper uses the constructs of capacity and competencies to explore how transversal and vertical skills are becoming more central than in the past for adult educators and higher educational design teaching. In this chapter, the authors will describe the context where this idea was created and describe two approaches that develop transversal and vertical skills in adult educational settings.
Enhancing Employability Through Developing T‐Shaped Professionals
Authors: Bierema Laura L.
Published: September 2019

The purpose of the chapter is to introduce the T‐shaped professional and advance it as an organizing rubric for curriculum development in higher education as a strategy to enhance employability. The chapter explores the T‐shaped professional by investigating its history, considering the context creating demand for T‐shaped people, and outlining curricular and pedagogical strategies for a developing T‐shaped people.
Impact of intrafraction prostate motion on clinical target coverage in proton therapy: A simulation study of dosimetric differences in two delivery techniques
Authors: Su Zhong , Slopsema Roelf , Flampouri Stella , Li Zuofeng
Published: September 2019

Purpose

To investigate the dosimetric impact of prostate intrafraction motion on proton double‐scattering (DS) and uniform scanning (US) treatments using electromagnetic transponder‐based prostate tracking data in simulated treatment deliveries.

Methods

In proton DS delivery, the spread‐out Bragg peak (SOBP) is created almost instantaneously by the constant rotation of the range modulator. US, however, delivers each entire energy layer of the SOBP sequentially from distal to proximal direction in time, which can interplay with prostate intrafraction motion. This spatiotemporal interplay during proton treatment was simulated to evaluate its dosimetric impact. Prostate clinical target volume (CTV) dose was obtained by moving CTV through dose matrices of the energy layers according to prostate‐motion traces. Fourteen prostate intrafraction motion traces of each of 17 prostate patients were used in the simulated treatment deliveries. Both single fraction dose‐volume histograms (DVHs) and fraction‐cumulative DVHs were obtained for both 2 Gy per fraction and 7.25 Gy per fraction stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT).

Results

The simulation results indicated that CTV dose degradation depends on the magnitude and direction of prostate intrafraction motion and is patient specific. For some individual fractions, prescription dose coverage decreased in both US and DS treatments, and hot and cold spots inside the CTV were observed in the US results. However, fraction‐cumulative CTV dose coverage showed much reduced dose degradation for both DS and US treatments for both 2 Gy per fraction and SBRT simulations.

Conclusions

This study indicated that CTV dose inhomogeneity may exist for some patients with severe prostate intrafraction motion during US treatments. However, there are no statistically significant dose differences between DS and US treatment simulations. Cumulative dose of multiple‐fractions significantly reduced dose uncertainties.
Association of Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure With Dermatomyositis in a National Myositis Patient Registry
Authors: Parks Christine G. , Wilkerson Jesse , Rose Kathryn M. , Faiq Abdullah , Noroozi Farhadi Payam , Long Craig S. , Bayat Nastaran , Brunner Hermine I. , Goldberg Bob , McGrath John A. , Miller Frederick W. , Rider Lisa G.
Published: September 2019

Objective

Dermatomyositis (DM) has been associated with geospatial differences in ultraviolet (UV) radiation, but the role of individual determinants of UV exposure prior to diagnosis is unknown. The objective was to examine the role of those individual determinants.

Methods

We analyzed questionnaire data from 1,350 adults in a US national myositis registry (638 with DM, 422 with polymyositis [PM], and 290 with inclusion body myositis [IBM] diagnosed at ages 18–65 years), examining the likelihood of DM compared with PM and IBM diagnosis, in relation to self‐reported sunburn history and job‐ and hobby‐related sun exposures in the year prior to diagnosis. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) using logistic regression adjusted for age, skin tone, and sex, to determine the association of individual UV exposures with DM diagnosis. We also evaluated the proportion of DM by maximum daily ambient UV exposure, based on UVB erythemal irradiances for participant residence in the year prior to diagnosis.

Results

DM was associated with sunburn in the year before diagnosis (2 or more sunburns OR 1.77 [95% CI 1.28–2.43] versus PM/IBM; 1 sunburn OR 1.44 [95% CI 1.06–1.95]) and with having elevated job‐ or hobby‐related sun exposure (high exposure OR 1.64 [95% CI 1.08–2.49] or moderate exposure OR 1.35 [95% CI 1.02–1.78] versus low or no exposure). Ambient UV intensity was associated with DM in females (β = 3.97, P = 0.046), but not overall.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that high or moderate personal exposure to intense sunlight is associated with developing DM compared with other types of myositis. Prospective research on UV exposure as a modifiable risk factor for DM is warranted.
Genotypic and phenotypic variability of 22q11.2 microduplications: An institutional experience
Authors: Yu Alexander , Turbiville Donald , Xu Fangling , Ray Joseph W. , Britt Allison D. , Lupo Pamela J. , Jain Sunil K. , Shattuck Karen E. , Robinson Sally S. , Dong Jianli
Published: September 2019

Duplications in the 22q11.2 region can cause 22q11.2 duplication syndrome and encompass a variety of phenotypes including developmental delays, facial abnormalities, cardiovascular defects, central nervous system delays, and other congenital abnormalities. However, the contribution of these contiguous duplicated regions to the clinical phenotypes has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we identified nine patients carrying different 22q11.2 microduplications detected by chromosomal microarray. Of these patients, seven pediatric patients presented with various clinical features including two neonate cases died shortly after birth, and two healthy adults. We examined region specific genotype–phenotype associations and found unpredictability associated with 22q11.2 duplications in these nine patients.
Treatment and outcomes of arthrogryposis in the lower extremity
Authors: Hamdy Reggie C. , van Bosse Harold , Altiok Haluk , Abu‐Dalu Khaled , Kotlarsky Pavel , Fafara Alicja , Eidelman Mark
Published: September 2019

In this multiauthored article, the management of lower limb deformities in children with arthrogryposis (specifically Amyoplasia) is discussed. Separate sections address various hip, knee, foot, and ankle issues as well as orthotic treatment and functional outcomes. The importance of very early and aggressive management of these deformities in the form of intensive physiotherapy (with its various modalities) and bracing is emphasized. Surgical techniques commonly used in the management of these conditions are outlined. The central role of a multidisciplinary approach involving all stakeholders, especially the families, is also discussed. Furthermore, the key role of functional outcome tools, specifically patient reported outcomes, in the continuous monitoring and evaluation of these deformities is addressed. Children with arthrogryposis present multiple problems that necessitate a multidisciplinary approach. Specific guidelines are necessary in order to inform patients, families, and health care givers on the best approach to address these complex conditions
The multiple‐kinase inhibitor lenvatinib inhibits the proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: Feng Fan , Li Xiaojuan , Li Ruisheng , Li Boan
Published: September 2019

Background

Current chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) mainly involves cytotoxic agents such as doxorubicin (DNR), mitoxantrone (Mito) or 2‐aminopurine‐6‐thiol (6‐TG). However, because these agents are relatively ineffective, discovering other more effective drugs for AML treatment would be valuable.

Methods

The in vitro antitumor effect of lenvatinib on AML cells was examined using the colorimetric MTT assay for assessing cell metabolic activity. AML cells mixed with Poloxamer 407 were injected into nude mice to form subcutaneous tumors. Tumor‐bearing mice received lenvatinib by oral administration. The antitumor effect of lenvatinib was established by measuring tumor volumes and weights.

Results

Lenvatinib inhibited the growth of AML cells in a dose‐dependent manner. We used AML cells to establish subcutaneous tumor tissues by mixing the cell suspension with Poloxamer 407. Poloxamer 407 alone did not influence the subcutaneous growth of AML cells. Treatment of lenvatinib inhibited in vivo tumor growth of AML cells.

Conclusion

The multiple‐kinase inhibitor lenvatinib inhibits the in vitro proliferation of AML cells, and restricts the in vivo growth of AML tumors.
Curcuma longa normalized cimetidine‐induced pituitary‐testicular dysfunction: Relevance in nutraceutical therapy
Authors: Onwuemene Ngozi Joy , Imafidon Christian Eseigbe , Ayoka Abiodun Oladele
Published: September 2019

Background

The increasing incidence of chemically induced infertility is both a social threat and a threat to the continuation of life itself. Treatment or management therapy is often expensive. This study investigated the effects of acetone extract of a local plant (Curcuma longa) in a Wistar rat model of cimetidine‐induced pituitary‐testicular dysfunction.

Methods

Thirty‐five male Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups of 5 rats. After a phytochemical screening of an acetone extract of C. Longa, cimetidine and the extract at three doses, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg, were orally co‐administered to the rats for 28 consecutive days. Comparisons were made (at P < 0.05) against a control (2 mL/kg distilled water), a standard treatment group (cimetidine + 50 mg/kg vitamin C), a toxic group (60 mg/kg cimetidine) and a group receiving extract alone.

Results

Cimetidine administration was associated with deleterious alterations to sperm motility, sperm count and sperm viability, as well as derangements in the plasma levels of FSH, LH and testosterone (P < 0.05). Both brain and testicular GSH and TBARS levels were significantly altered following cimetidine administration, and distortions were seen in the pituitary and testicular histoarchitecture. These changes were significantly normalized by co‐administration of graded doses of the extract, with an associated improvement of both pituitary and testicular histology.

Conclusion

Acetone extract of C. Longa normalized cimetidine‐induced pituitary‐testicular dysfunction in Wistar rats. This presents the extract as a potential nutraceutical choice against chemically induced reproductive toxicity.
Magnetically separable mesoporous silica‐supported palladium nanoparticle‐catalyzed selective hydrogenation of naphthalene to tetralin
Authors: Yang Yonghui , Xu Bolian , He Jie , Shi Jianjun , Yu Lei , Fan Yining
Published: September 2019

A novel magnetically separable mesoporous silica‐supported palladium catalyst was designed and prepared for the selective hydrogenation of naphthalene to tetralin, which is an important transformation from a practical viewpoint. In the catalyst, Pd nano grains were dispersed uniformly and protected within the mesoporous silica shells being coated on the Fe3O4 core, so that the durability of the catalyst could be significantly improved.
Palladated cyclodextrin and halloysite containing polymer and its carbonized form as efficient hydrogenation catalysts
Authors: Sadjadi Samahe , Koohestani Fatemeh , Léger Bastien , Monflier Eric
Published: September 2019

β‐Cyclodextrin (β‐CD) and glycidyl methacrylate monomer were polymerized in the presence of functionalized halloysite nanoclay (Hal) to afford a polymeric network (Hal‐P‐CD) containing Hal and CD. Hal‐P‐CD was then applied as a catalyst support for the immobilization of Pd nanoparticles. The resulting nanocomposite, Pd@Hal‐P‐CD, could serve as a catalyst for the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene. The precise study by the preparation of control samples confirmed the contribution of CD as both phase transfer and capping agent, P (polymer) and Hal to the catalysis. Moreover, the results confirmed the importance of CD: glycidyl methacrylate monomer ratio. Pd@Hal‐P‐CD was also carbonized to prepare Pd@Hal‐C. Notably, the characterization of Pd@Hal‐C showed that carbonization led to the growth of mean diameter of Pd nanoparticles, increase of Pd content and partial destruction of Hal. However, the catalytic activity of Pd@Hal‐C was superior to Pd@Hal‐P‐CD. Pd@Hal‐C was also highly recyclable and could be recovered and recycled for several reaction runs. The study of the carbonization temperature showed that this factor affected the nature of the resulting carbon and the catalyst prepared at elevated temperature showed higher catalytic activity.
Conservation of freshwater wildlife in Hong Kong: A genetic perspective
Authors: Wong Wai Yee , Chow Lai Him , Wu Tsz Huen , Ma Ka Yan , Tsang Ling Ming , Chu Ka Hou
Published: September 2019

Freshwater fauna is highly threatened owing to various human disturbances and a lack of natural connectivity among populations. Immediate conservation actions are vital to save freshwater wildlife from population decline and extinction. Given the paucity of resources, conservation prioritization is essential to guide resource allocation for effective and practical management; however, the incorporation of quantitative ranking approaches in population genetic studies is highly limited.

This study scrutinized the genetic diversity and examined the population structure of three invertebrates (the atyid shrimpCaridina cantonensis, the pachychilid snailSulcospira hainanensis, the palaemonid shrimpMacrobrachium hainanense) and five fishes (the Chinese barbBarbodes semifasciolatus, the paradise fishMarcopodus opercularis, the Hong Kong paradise fishMacropodus hongkongensis, the Beijiang thick‐lipped barbAcrossocheilus beijiangensis, and the rosy bitterlingRhodeus ocellatus) in Hong Kong, based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene and control region, respectively. In general, the three fish species of conservation concern (M. hongkongensis,A. beijiangensis,andR. ocellatus) showed low to no genetic diversity while the other species showed high genetic diversity and strong population differentiation.

This study also investigated the use of Heightened Evolutionary Distinctiveness (HED) estimation on quantitatively prioritizing the 95 populations for conservation, including three previously studied species (the white cheek gobyRhinogobius duospilus, the sucker‐belly loachPseudogastromyzon myersi, and the striped loachSchistura fasciolata). Only five sites had relatively high normalized HED values (>0.70) for all taxa occurring there, and thus are of relatively higher conservation priority. Many sites harboured evolutionarily distinct populations for only one to three species; therefore, a general plan for all freshwater inhabitants cannot be formulated.

This comprehensive comparative study highlights the importance of genetic attributes in conservation decision making and sheds light on plausible conservation management in Hong Kong and other highly developed areas with significant freshwater biodiversity.
Competitive interactions for food resources between the invasive Amur sleeper (Perccottus glenii) and threatened European mudminnow (Umbra krameri)
Authors: Grabowska Joanna , Błońska Dagmara , Kati Sára , Nagy Sándor Alex , Kakareko Tomasz , Kobak Jarosław , Antal László
Published: September 2019

The European mudminnow (Umbra krameri) is a strictly protected, threatened fish species, endemic to the River Danube and Dniester basins. Population decreases have been observed for several decades, primarily due to habitat loss, but, recently, the adverse impact of invasive species, including the Amur sleeper (Perccottus glenii), has also been implicated in its decline.

The correspondence in the disappearance of the European mudminnow and the appearance of the Amur sleeper has been observed in some waters, but the mechanism by which the invader has an impact has remained speculative until now.

As both species have similar dietary preferences and habitat requirements, competitive interactions between them for the same limited food resource (gammarids) in the same space (aquarium with artificial plants) were investigated experimentally. The foraging of two‐species and single‐species pairs and single individuals was tested.

Feeding rates and prey capture efficiency were similar in both species, but the Amur sleeper was a superior competitor compared with the European mudminnow; it negatively influenced the foraging efficiency of the latter, preventing its access to prey through aggressive interactions. In the presence of the alien competitor, the feeding rate of European mudminnow decreased to one third of that observed in single‐species or single‐individual treatments.

These results demonstrate that interference competition for food may be the mechanism explaining the rapid decline of this threatened species. We conclude that the invasion of the Amur sleeper will accelerate the extinction of the European mudminnow, especially in isolated, small, shallow water bodies.

The study illustrates that monitoring the Amur sleeper invasion is essential for the active conservation of the European mudminnow. For reintroduction attempts, special care must be taken to avoid invaded water bodies. Moreover, prevention of the introduction of the Amur sleeper, especially in waters occupied by the European mudminnow, must be pursued.
A Cascade Synthesis of Hetero‐arylated Triarylmethanes Through a Double 5‐endo‐dig Cyclization Sequence
Authors: Paluru Dilip K. , Mahesh Sriram , Ahmad Feroz , Vijaya Anand Ramasamy
Published: September 2019

A sequential two‐step method for the synthesis of hetero‐arylated triarylmethanes through a Ag‐catalyzed sequential double cyclization–nucleophilic addition cascade is described. This methodology basically involves an initial 5‐endo‐dig cyclization of o‐alkynyl anilines to provide 2‐substituted indole derivatives, which then react with 2‐(2‐enynyl)‐pyridines to afford indolizine‐containing unsymmetrical triarylmethanes through another 5‐endo‐dig cyclization.
Water‐stable Adenine‐based MOFs with Polar Pores for Selective CO2 Capture
Authors: Maity Rahul , Singh Himan Dev , Yadav Ankit Kumar , Chakraborty Debanjan , Vaidhyanathan Ramanathan
Published: September 2019

Here, we report two novel water‐stable amine‐functionalized MOFs, namely IISERP‐MOF26 ([NH2(CH3)2][Cu2O(Ad)(BDC)]⋅(H2O)2(DMA), 1) and IISERP‐MOF27 ([NH2(CH3)2]1/2[Zn4O(Ad)3(BDC)2]⋅(H2O)2(DMF)1/2, 2), which show selective CO2 capture capabilities. They are made by combining inexpensive and readily available terephthalic acid and N‐rich adenine with Cu and Zn, respectively. They possess 1D channels decorated by the free amine group from the adenine and the polarizing oxygen atoms from the terephthalate units. Even more, there are dimethyl ammonium (DMA+) cations in the pore rendering an electrostatic environment within the channels. The activated Cu‐ and Zn‐MOFs physisorb about 2.7 and 2.2 mmol g−1 of CO2, respectively, with high CO2/N2 and moderate CO2/CH4 selectivity. The calculated heat of adsorption (HOA=21–23 kJ mol−1) for the CO2 in both MOFs suggest optimal physical interactions which corroborate well with their facile on‐off cycling of CO2. Notably, both MOFs retain their crystallinity and porosity even after soaking in water for 24 hours as well as upon exposure to steam over 24 hours. The exceptional thermal and chemical stability, favorable CO2 uptakes and selectivity and low HOA make these MOFs promising sorbents for selective CO2 capture applications. However, the MOF′s low heat of adsorption despite having a highly CO2‐loving groups lined walls is quite intriguing.
Morphological and Electrical Characteristics of Multi‐walled Carbon Nanotubes and their Composites Depending on Catalyst Calcination Temperature
Authors: Park Suyoung , Choi Sun‐Woo , Jin Changhyun
Published: September 2019

External shape, specific surface area, and thermogravimetric analyses of the Fe‐based catalysts on the Al(OH)3 and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were performed. The physicochemical changes in the MWCNT composites were found to be correlated with the catalyst calcination temperature. When the catalyst calcination temperature increased from 300 to 700 °C, the electrical conductivity improved. The reduced weight of the MWCNTs after calcination was determined to be due to the removal of water remaining in the catalyst, resulting in an improved specific surface area of the MWCNTs and increased synthesis yield. Additionally, it is expected that the removal of water from the catalyst will be beneficial in the mass production of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes because it can prevent the fume phenomenon, which reduces synthesis yield.
From empathy to action: Can enhancing host‐society children's empathy promote positive attitudes and prosocial behaviour toward refugees?
Authors: Taylor Laura K. , Glen Catherine
Published: September 2019

Over half of refugees are school‐aged children. In host communities, children's attitudes and behaviours are important for the integration of refugee children. This study examines the empathy–attitudes–action model in middle childhood (N = 94, 8 to 11 years old). In both the experimental and control conditions, children were introduced to a (fictional) refugee and told that he or she would be moving to their school. The experimental condition also listened to a storybook about the child's refugee experience. Empathy, outgroup attitudes, and prosocial behaviour toward the incoming child, and refugees as a group, were measured. Although mediation was not supported, the storybook condition reported more empathy and helping intentions, and attitudes predicted helping intentions but not giving to refugees. Results highlight how host‐society children can welcome refugees.
lncRNA SNHG7 sponges miR‐425 to promote proliferation, migration, and invasion of hepatic carcinoma cells via Wnt/β‐catenin/EMT signalling pathway
Authors: Yao Xuebing , Liu Chi , Liu Cuiyun , Xi Wenna , Sun Shuilin , Gao Zhen
Published: September 2019

Increasing evidence has indicated the important roles of long noncoding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 7 (SNHG7) in tumourigenesis as a potential oncogene. However, the function of SNHG7 in hepatic carcinoma remains unclear. In the present study, we found that SNHG7 expression was significantly upregulated in hepatic carcinoma tissues, especially in aggressive cases, and it was closely correlated with the poor prognosis. Furthermore, knockdown of SNHG7 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of hepatic carcinoma cell lines in vitro. Mechanistically, SNHG7 directly interacted with miR‐425 as a ceRNA. Moreover, knockdown of SNHG7 significantly inhibited the tumorigenic Wnt/β‐catenin/EMT pathway. SNHG7 regulated Wnt/β‐catenin/EMT pathway through sponging miR‐425 and played an oncogenic role in hepatic carcinoma progression. Together, our study elucidated the role of SNHG7 as a ceRNA in hepatic carcinoma, provided new potential diagnosis and therapeutic application in hepatic carcinoma progression.

Significance of the study

SNHG7 could promote proliferation and metastasis of hepatic carcinoma cell in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that SNHG7 exerts tumorigenic role in hepatic carcinoma progression. Further mechanism research revealed that SNHG7 exhibited the tumorigenic role through Wnt/β‐catenin/EMT pathway as a miR‐425 sponge. These findings provided new cues to understand the molecular signalling network in carcinogenesis of hepatic carcinoma, and it may provide new evidence for therapeutic application in hepatic carcinoma.
The effect of plant stress on phosphoinositides
Authors: Morales Javier Adrian , Gonzalez‐Kantun Wilma A. , Rodriguez‐Zapata Luis Carlos , Ramón‐Ugalde Julio , Castano Enrique
Published: September 2019

Phosphoinositides are very versatile molecules with a plethora of functions such as cytokinesis, chemotaxis, cell survival, and cell death. Their functions depend on the proteins with which they interact. Thus, when interacting with phospholipases, phosphatases, or kinases, they can be precursors of second messengers in different signalling pathways. They could be second messengers themselves and interact directly with other proteins to modulate their functions trough changing its localization and activity or enhancing its synthesis rate. Because they are more abundant in animal cells and their importance in diseases such as cancer has taken priority, the study of the phosphoinositides in plants has not evolved to the same extent. Nevertheless, several studies have shown the significance of these lipids in plant cells viability and environmental response. This review focuses on phosphoinositides response to abiotic and biotic stress, showing their implication in plant survival during different stages of development.

Significance of the study

This review is focused on plant PIPs functions in stress, highlighting in the main differences between plant and mammal PIPs and the novel interactions that could be extrapolated to animal models to contribute in a better understanding of these pivotal molecules.
Complete remission with ibrutinib after allogeneic stem cell transplant for central nervous system relapse of mantle cell lymphoma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Rich Jessica D. , Clark Stephen M. , Fedoriw Yuri , Jewells Valerie , Wood William , Dittus Christopher
Published: September 2019

Central nervous system (CNS)‐relapsed mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive non‐Hodgkin lymphoma without a standard treatment. Ibrutinib has shown promising results for inducing remission in other non‐Hodgkin lymphomas and may be considered as successful treatment for CNS‐relapsed MCL in the future as well.
The Psychology of Working in Practice: A Theory of Change for a New Era
Authors: Blustein David L. , Kenny Maureen E. , Autin Kelsey , Duffy Ryan
Published: September 2019

This article advances the psychology of working theory by developing a parallel change‐based paradigm to guide interventions at the level of individuals (i.e., the psychology of working counseling) and systems (i.e., the psychology of working systemic intervention). The change paradigm presented in this article includes (a) a needs assessment encompassing survival, social connection/contribution, and self‐determination and (b) input on the mobilization of agentic action that includes critical reflection and action, proactive engagement, social support, and community engagement. The needs assessment and agentic action aspects of this approach can be used to foster change in individual counseling, advocacy, and systemic intervention. Case examples reflecting a systemic intervention and an individual counseling vignette are presented along with implications for research, such as explorations of the impact of these change models on client outcomes and systemic change efforts.
Teaching Competencies in Counselor Education: A Delphi Study
Authors: Swank Jacqueline M. , Houseknecht Alisa
Published: September 2019

The authors used the Delphi method to identify counselor education teaching competencies. There were 3 phases of data collection, resulting in 152 teaching competencies within 4 domains: knowledge, skills, professional behaviors, and dispositions. Counselor educators and counselor education doctoral students might use these competencies to promote counselor educator training and teaching effectiveness.
Factors Contributing to Scholarly Productivity of Assistant Professors in Counseling
Authors: Wester Kelly L. , Borders L. DiAnne , Gonzalez Laura McLaughlin , Waalkes Phillip
Published: September 2019

Doctoral research training and faculty departmental research culture were explored in relation to research interest, self‐efficacy, and productivity among 49 counselor education assistant professors. Doctoral research training environment consistently held strong positive relationships with research interest and self‐efficacy, suggesting that a solid foundation in research at the doctoral level is imperative for initial research productivity.
Optimizing the Supercapacitive Performance and Cyclability of Ni(OH)2 by Combining with CuO Concomitant with Mutual Doping
Authors: He Qianqian , Lun Ning , Qi Yongxin , Liu Jiurong , Feng Jinkui , Qiu Jun , Bai Yujun
Published: September 2019

The high capacitance and cyclability are usually incompatible when Ni(OH)2 behaves as the electrode material in pseudocapacitors. Herein, Ni(OH)2/CuO nanocomposites electrode materials were fabricated by simple water‐boiling treatment, and the nanocomposite with an atomic ratio of 1 : 1 for Ni : Cu achieves extraordinary electrochemical performance (1248 F g−1 at 1 A g−1), excellent rate property, and remarkable cyclability (revealing capacitance retention of 86 % after cycling at 2 A g−1 for 6000 times). Particularly, the asymmetric supercapacitor with the positive electrode of Ni(OH)2/CuO and negative electrode of fulvic acid‐derived carbon demonstrates a capacitance of 125 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, an energy density of 19.5 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 781 W kg−1, together with capacitance retention of 98 % after 6000 cycles at 3.2 A g−1. The outstanding performance results from the high migration rate of both electron and ion associating with the component of CuO, the mutual dispersion of Ni(OH)2 and CuO for maintaining the high specific surface area of Ni(OH)2 nanowhiskers, as well as the lattice distortion induced by the mutual doping of Cu2+ in Ni(OH)2 and Ni2+ in CuO to provide more active sites for energy storage. The Ni(OH)2/CuO composite could be a practicable alternative as the electrode materials for advanced pseudocapacitors.
Measuring Particle Size Distributions in Multiphase Flows Using a Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Schäfer Jan , Schmitt Philipp , Hlawitschka Mark W. , Bart Hans‐Jörg
Published: September 2019

The efficiency of many chemical engineering applications depends on the surface/volume ratio of the dispersed phase. Knowledge of this particle size distribution is a key factor for better process control. The challenge of measurements acquired by optical imaging techniques is the segmentation of overlapping particles, especially in high phase fraction flows. In this work, a convolutional neural network is trained to segment droplets in images acquired by a shadowgraphic approach. The network is trained on artificial images and implemented into a droplet size algorithm. The results are compared to an OpenSource segmentation approach.
Identification of Compounds That Interfere with High‐Throughput Screening Assay Technologies
Authors: David Laurianne , Walsh Jarrod , Sturm Noé , Feierberg Isabella , Nissink J. Willem M. , Chen Hongming , Bajorath Jürgen , Engkvist Ola
Published: September 2019

A significant challenge in high‐throughput screening (HTS) campaigns is the identification of assay technology interference compounds. A Compound Interfering with an Assay Technology (CIAT) gives false readouts in many assays. CIATs are often considered viable hits and investigated in follow‐up studies, thus impeding research and wasting resources. In this study, we developed a machine‐learning (ML) model to predict CIATs for three assay technologies. The model was trained on known CIATs and non‐CIATs (NCIATs) identified in artefact assays and described by their 2D structural descriptors. Usual methods identifying CIATs are based on statistical analysis of historical primary screening data and do not consider experimental assays identifying CIATs. Our results show successful prediction of CIATs for existing and novel compounds and provide a complementary and wider set of predicted CIATs compared to BSF, a published structure‐independent model, and to the PAINS substructural filters. Our analysis is an example of how well‐curated datasets can provide powerful predictive models despite their relatively small size.
A range‐wide model of contemporary, omnidirectional connectivity for the threatened Mojave desert tortoise
Authors: Gray Miranda E. , Dickson Brett G. , Nussear Kenneth E. , Esque Todd C. , Chang Tony
Published: September 2019

As habitat destruction leads to species extinctions globally, conservation planning that accounts for population‐level connectivity and gene flow is an urgent priority. Models that only approximate habitat potential are incomplete because areas of high habitat potential may be isolated, whereas intermixed areas of lower habitat potential may still be critical for maintaining connectivity between and among populations. We developed a range‐wide, omnidirectional (coreless) connectivity model and map for the threatened Mojave desert tortoise at a high spatial resolution (30 m), based on empirical movement data and a circuit‐theoretic approach to estimating connectivity. Specifically, we first estimated habitat potential (i.e., quality) for tortoise movement (as distinct from habitat potential more generally) across its range using hypotheses based on the published literature, linear mixed models, multiple environmental factors derived from remotely sensed data, and recent solar and wind development footprints. The resultant raster output was used to represent landscape conductance in a circuit‐theoretic model of connectivity, which relates the flow of electrical current through a circuit to the movement of tortoises through the landscape. We then modeled potential connectivity across the range of the tortoise using Circuitscape software and the Julia numerical programming language. Intermediate distances from minor roads, intermediate values of annual average maximum temperature, and increasing density of desert washes were among the strongest predictors of movement habitat quality. There was also strong evidence for increased habitat quality for movement with increasing amounts of vegetation cover. The resulting connectivity model and map was determined to accurately reflect important areas for tortoise movement, but we encourage others to do their own evaluation of the model within local areas of interest and as more data become available. Accordingly, the map can provide an important component to improve management decisions that have the potential to influence the conservation of connected desert tortoise populations throughout the range.