bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Stratigraphic features on Deep-Water Cementing Operation – A Review
Authors: Okoro E.E. , Sanni S.E. , Emetere M.E. , Omeje M. , Orodu K.B.
Published: December 2019

Drilling operations in deep-water environment is faced with technical challenges despite its massive record of huge hydrocarbon reserves when compared with onshore oil and gas fields. The weak, unstable formations coupled with adverse deep-water conditions poses as a challenge to cementing operations. Narrow pressure window conditions are encountered when the wellbore pressure required to contain subsurface pressures lies close to the pressure at which losses may be sustained. This is evidence in the ratio of pore pressure to vertical stress moving close to lithostatic condition. This can either be caused by porous formation or by the way of inducted fractures in weak or sheared or unconsolidated zones in the subsurface. This study showed an overview of some possible challenges faced in deep-water cementing operations in relation with stratigraphic features of the deep-water environment. From the review it was gathered that the stratigraphic nature of deep-water environment has a huge effect on cementing operations for oil and gas wells. The study also highlighted some gaps in the literature which require urgent attention to reduce loss circulation. These gaps include but not limited to: spacers generating sufficient downhole force to overcome the yield stress of the mud and the need for a new type of treatment for lost returns. Managed pressure cementing operations may control wellbore pressures.
Analysis of Recycled Water for Reuse
Authors: Aliyu Fatima , Joshua Madu , Yahaya Muhammad F. , Victoria Adams Feyisayo , Okoro Linus N. , Luqman Jimoh
Published: December 2019

Recycled water at a facility in Yola, Nigeria was studied for its suitability for irrigation. Biological and physicochemical analyses of the recycled water samples from four different points namely; A (inside pool; chlorinated), B (outlet 1; after chlorination), C (outlet 2; before receiving tank) and D (outlet 3; for irrigation) were carried out for four weeks. The physicochemical analysis include temperature, pH, turbidity, NO3-, total dissolved solids (TDS), Cl-, heavy metals and alkalinity were studied. The pH values obtained varied between 6.9 and 8.1 and were within the acceptable values for irrigation water. The water samples obtained in week 4 had higher turbidity and TDS values as against samples obtained in weeks 1, 2, and 3. High NO3- concentration was found in the water sample taken in weeks 1 and 2 compared to weeks 3 and 4 water samples. Meanwhile, Cl- concentrations were low in the water samples obtained in weeks 1 and 2 relative to concentrations in weeks 3 and 4 water samples. Metals detected from AAS were copper with 4 x 10-5 ppm in all the points (A, B, C and D). The concentrations of iron were 2.72 x 10-3, 5.54 x 10-3, 3.62 x 10-3 and 2.98 x 10-3 ppm in samples A, B, C and D, respectively. Fecal coliforms present were pathogenic coliforms and the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) analysis showed negative values due to presence of chlorine in the water samples. There are benefits of availability of recycled water for irrigation but care must be taken not to infect users with pathogenic coliforms which are hazardous to health.
The Contribution of Bioenergy in the Renewable Energy Technology Mix: Research Perspective
Authors: Eloka-Eboka A.C , Chetty R
Published: December 2019

Renewable energy from biomass, biofuels and biodiesel encapsulated as bioenergy has become an interested aspect of clean energy technology and is currently receiving global attention. Bioenergy produced from renewable feedstocks and sustainable wastes using several technologies is the focus of this research and development presentation. In South Africa, bioenergy in the forms of solids, liquids and gaseous fuels have been characterised as first, second and third generations (1D, 2D and 3D) systems in order to solve myriads and most critical energy aspects of the sustainable development goals of Africa. The technologies evolved have been directed to specific bioenergy feedstocks and needs for optimal utilisation and application and they include: direct combustion (for power generation), anaerobic digestion (for methane-rich gas production), fermentation (of sugars for alcohols as fuels), oil extraction and transesterification (for biodiesel as fuels), pyrolysis (for biochar, gas and oils for fuel and chemicals), gasification (for carbon monoxide and hydrogen-rich syngas as fuels and value added products) and generalised thermo-chemical conversion. The technologies are further driven by arrays of secondary treatments (stabilization, dewatering, upgrading, refining) depending on specific final products. This presentation explored these and all such research and development (R and D) strategies and technological packages of bioenergy in South Africa. These have implications in the commercialisation, entrepreneurship, informing policy and direct impact in Africa’s energy sustainability. The exploration of sugar-cane bagasse biomass for use as briquette/pellet fuels are also presented.
Examining the Roles of Human Capital Theory. What next for Construction Industry?
Authors: Aliu John , Aigbavboa Clinton
Published: December 2019

The concept of human capital is very common in present-day construction industry with reference to its philosophy and techniques. Human capital (HC) is widely discussed in different fields; hence, its meanings differ from one field to another. This study provides a detailed discussion on the development of the human capital theory under various themes and sub-themes. The study further seeks to discuss the several effects of human capital development on industry success and competitiveness and how this contributes to economic growth in developing countries. Relevant literatures on HC theory and development were extracted from Scopus. Scopus is widely acknowledged as one of the widest interdisciplinary databases for engineering, technology, science and medicine. The Scopus database features over 20, 000+ peer-reviewed journals from over 5000 publishers. The Scopus database allows its users to perform more detailed searching opportunities compared to other databases such as Academic Search Complete, Art and Architecture Complete, Ebsco Host, SpringerLink and Web of science. The distillation of literature through thematic analysis revealed the various roles of human capital and its correlation with construction industry success and growth. Findings from this study revealed that the success of the construction industry is firmly related to the effectiveness of its human capital. The study revealed that the human capital theory is not without its criticisms and barriers. Practically, this study explores the various benefits of human capital to employers of the construction industry. The study suggests that human capital development plays a key part in retaining quality employees and recruiting prospects. Furthermore, investment in human capital goes a long way in improving employee satisfaction, organisational culture and increased productivity. This study contributes to the human capital discourse, which is the measure of economic value provided by employees with reference to their abilities, skills, values and knowledge.
Simplified approach to performance evaluation of selected organic compounds for corrosion inhibitor application in petrochemical plants
Authors: Loto Roland T. , Fajobi Muyiwa , Busari Ayobami , Ruth Oghenetejiri Aluya
Published: December 2019

Corrosion inhibitors have been researched into, studied and applied in numerous industries worldwide to mitigate the electrochemical deterioration of carbon steels in contact with aggressive medium. Effective and sustainable application of corrosion inhibitors in the oil and gas industry necessitates compatibility with the corrosive environment, non-toxicity and must be economical. Corrosion coupon measurement is the oldest and most widely used corrosion monitoring technique. The traditional approach to evaluate the viability of corrosion inhibitor focuses on inhibitor efficiency. Prevailing industry conditions shows this factor alone is insufficient for evaluation of organic chemical inhibitor compounds. This manuscript focuses on the importance and effect of inhibitor concentration, exposure time and Gibbs free energy in evaluating inhibitor performance and on the selection and suitability of organic chemical compounds for corrosion inhibitors.
A review on why women-owned construction firms fail in KwaZulu-Natal?
Authors: Haupt Theo C. , Ndimande Jabulile
Published: December 2019

The South African government has instituted numerous programs to advance the role of women in the construction sector. While there has been an increase in the overall number of women-owned contractors suggesting a gender-positive environment in post-apartheid, there is a high failure rate of women-owned contractors. This study seeks to explore the primary contributory factors that lead to business failure. A sample of women-owned contractors in Durban was surveyed using an instrument developed from published literature on women in construction in South Africa.

The sample of women-owned contractors was drawn from the Durban area from the Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) Contractors Register database. Findings suggest that lack of training provided by the industry, dominantly male networks, prejudice and stereotyping, and lack of opportunity were the primary reasons given for failure. This study identifies the failure factors that need to be addressed to increase the participation of women-owned contractors in the construction sector.

The findings provide a review on guidance for remedial interventions that will positively impact the number of women-owned contractors that will survive in the construction sector.
Fabrication and Evaluation of Screw-like Fish Pelletizer
Authors: Ikubanni P.P. , Agboola O. O. , Adeleke A.A. , Ogunsemi B.T. , Ibikunle R. A.
Published: December 2019

Good and balanced meals are required for fish to stay healthy and the production of these meals requires some machines like pelletizer. This study therefore contributes to the improvement of existing models of this machine by designing, fabricating and evaluating the performance of a new pelletizer. After fabrication, 5 kg fish feed ingredients weight was processed for 2.5 minutes in the machine in quadruplicate. The average discharge efficiency, percentage loss due to residue ingredients and production rate for the machine are 92.25 %, 7.75 % and 110.7 kg/h, respectively. The results showed that an increase in drying days led to a corresponding increase in percentage moisture content removal with a similar reduction in the weight of the pelletized fish meal. This machine will be of great assistant to medium and small-scale aquaculture farmers, thereby reducing the need for foreign sources of fish feed in fish farming sector.
Performance Evaluation of a Centrifugal Pump with different Impeller Materials
Authors: Babalola P. O. , Omada J. E. , Kilanko O. , Banjo S.O. , Ozuor O.
Published: December 2019

Many factors affect the performance characteristics of a pump. One of these is the impeller material. This paper is on the effect of impeller material on the operating characteristics of a centrifugal pump. The impeller materials used were cast iron, bronze and zinc. Cost, pumping efficiency, pressure head and power consumption are the factors that were taken into consideration. The results from the test, showed that the impeller made of zinc material was found to be more efficient (48.24%) and required the most power (3.38bhp). The zinc impeller was the least expensive to manufacture and pumped better head. The zinc impeller however failed at (very) high pump speed due to the fact that its strength could not match up with the pump speed. The cast iron impeller on the other hand, required the least power (0.86bhp) to run but pumped the least head (6.25m) and was more efficient (46.35%) than the bronze impeller; this was majorly due to cavitation and friction losses. The bronze impeller pump was the least efficient (38.79%), the most expensive to manufacture but pumped more head (8.50m) than the cast iron impeller and required more power (2.32bhp) than the cast iron impeller.
Effect of Ambient Temperatures on an R134a Domestic Refrigerator Retrofitted with R600a and LPG Refrigerants
Authors: Olatunji O.R , Ohunakin O.S. , Adelekan D.S.
Published: December 2019

The effect of ambient temperatures (19, 21, 23 and 25 °C) on energetic performance of an R134a domestic refrigerator retrofitted with varied mass charges (40, 50, 60 and 70g) of R600a and LPG (60/40 Propane-butane mixture) refrigerants was studied. The R134a domestic refrigerator was slightly modified with valves and integrated with appropriate pressure gauges, digital thermocouples and a watt meter to monitor the pressures, temperatures and the energy consumptions of the refrigerants within the system in the ambient conditions. Performance test investigated at steady state were pressure ratio, energy consumption, discharge and cabinet temperatures respectively. In conclusion, results showed that the retrofitted hydrocarbon refrigerants could be suitable replacements in all regards, provided adequate optimization is done.
Reality of Changing Oil Prices and its Impact to Developing Oil Producing Nations
Authors: Daramola D. , Fayomi O. S. I. , Akande I.G. , John M. , Agboola O. , Udo M.O.
Published: December 2019

In recent years the fluctuation in fuel prices coincided with the global economic depression of 2008, further studies indicate that when production of crude oil is more than the demand of the crude oil, crude cost would reduce whereas if there is little supply of crude oil and there is growing demand of crude oil the cost of crude would increase. In this review we explore the various conditions that influence the fluctuation of crude oil, the impact this conditions have to the global price of crude oil and it relation to developments of certain economies as specified. There was found to be correlation between crude oil price increase and an increase in gross domestic product (GDP) of developing oil producing nations also there was found to be a fall once there is a reduction in crude price. This is dependent on if the nation in question is crude oil based economy whereas if the economy in question is more diverse its effect on the GDP wouldn’t be as pronounced.
Solar Powered Microcontroller-based Automated Irrigation System with Moisture Sensors
Authors: Bolu C. A. , Azeta J. , Alele F. , Daranijo E. O. , Onyeubani P. , Abioye A. A.
Published: December 2019

In traditional irrigation approach where water is irrigated on the land without adequate control measures, crops sometimes undergo increased stress with disparities in the soil moisture which consequently reduce the crop performance and output. In this paper, we come up with a prototype to increase crop yield while considering adequate agricultural water management and labour reduction, by adequate control measures in the irrigation process. An automatic irrigation system is designed and developed by integrating several hardware and software features. The system is designed to determine when exactly the soil of crops need water and deliver a controlled amount of water to the root zone of the crops based on the soil moisture state. With the microcontroller, the data obtained from the soil at the roots of the crops will determined how much water for irrigation is needed at a point in time, and supplies it, thereby incorporating good water management practice. The system is designed to run 24/7 on renewable solar energy.
Experimental Investigation of Coarse Aggregates Used for Concrete Production in the Construction of Higher Educational Institution (HEI) Buildings
Authors: Ogunbayo B F , Aigbavboa C O
Published: December 2019

In the construction industry, an aggregate is an important material used in the production of concrete. The strength of any building component, constructed using concrete will depend on the type and texture of aggregates used. It is on this base that this study analysed two different types of coarse aggregate (crushed granite and washed gravel) used in the production of concrete for higher educational institution (HEI) buildings. The following experimental procedures such as silt content, water absorption, specific gravity, sieve analysis, were conducted on the aggregates sampled to determine the property quality of the aggregates when used with other adhesive. Concrete of ratio 1:2:4 were produced using crushed granite and the washed gravel sampled and its strength was tested with the compressive strength testing machine. The 28 days average compressive test of concrete produced with crushed granite and washed gravel are 23.36 N/mm² and 20.44N/mm² respectively. The study suggests that locally sourced gravel should be washed before use to reduced silt content and impurities in the coarse aggregate. The study concludes that base on the compressive strength result of the study both crushed granite and washed gravel can be used for concrete work in construction work or project, but their selection for usage should be based on expected imposed load.
Simulation Experiments for Faults Location in Smart Distribution Networks using IEEE 13 Node Test Feeder and Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Kehinde Onaolapo Adeniyi , Timothy Akindeji Kayode , Adetiba Emmanuel
Published: December 2019

The security and reliability of supply is often affected due to fault occurrence in electrical power Distribution Networks (DN). In the conventional DN, faults location takes more than the expected time, which results in economic losses to power utility companies as well as consumers. However, the advent of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) and recent advances in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has made DN better, safer and smarter. In this paper, we present the outcome of simulation experiments carried out to locate faults in a DN. The IEEE 13 Node Test Feeder was simulated in SIMULINK with different fault conditions and the fault data acquired were utilized to develop an ANN classification model. The outcome of the experiments shows that the ANN based classification model is effective in locating faults on distribution lines with satisfactory performances.
Optimizing Design Patterns for Multi-Head Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Systems
Authors: Ayodele B.E , Okesola A.A , Oyedeji A.A , Folaranmi F.T , Olowo J , Abdulhamid A.F
Published: December 2019

This research examined various factors that affect successful FDM-type 3D printing. Specifically diameters of the nozzles, extrusion width, and layer thickness were varied to create several print patterns and fills. These print patterns were tested for appearance/surface finish, strength, speed and stiffness of composite materials and then the best print parameters and methodologies were recorded. The solid interior pattern fill showed the highest volume fill available, representing fewer voids and thus better strengths and more durable parts. The solid interior pattern fill also had the best surface finish for all types of fill. Also, printing with small layer thickness produced stronger prints albeit at higher build times.
Modified VG-CL Detection System for Baseline Assessment of Dimethylsulphide and Dimethylsulphoniopropionate in Tropical Atlantic Seawater
Authors: Adedapo E. A. , Benson N. U. , Williams A. B. , Toda K.
Published: December 2019

Several studies have been carried out to measure the concentrations of dimethylsulphide (DMS) and dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) in coastal and open marine ecosystems. The present study attempted the fabrication of a cost-effective, highly sensitive and portable detection system based on vapour generation and chemiluminescence for a pilot assessment and determination of DMS and DMSP concentrations in tropical Atlantic seawater samples. The Sultan Beach and Badagry parts of the Atlantic Ocean were chosen as designated locations for this study. Vapour generation chemiluminescence (VG-CL) detection system is a device that can measure the concentration (nM) of DMS and DMSP by allowing DMS vapour which in turn reacts with ozone to produce chemiluminescence which can be detected by a photomultiplier (PMT). The mean concentrations of DMS and DMSP in the surface seawater at the sampling location were 5.80±0.71 to 19.40±0.57 nM and 11.00±0.42 to 34.70±1.13 nM, respectively. The average minimum and maximum concentrations of DMS and DMSP across the location were between 0 and 40.91 nM, respectively. This study serves as a baseline measurement of DMS concentrations in the tropical Atlantic Ocean (Lagos).
Production of Clay Filters for Waste Water Treatment
Authors: Efeovbokhan V.E. , Olurotimi O.O. , Yusuf E.O. , Abatan O.G. , Alagbe E.E.
Published: December 2019

Water borne diseases have continued to linger and has remained a major challenge facing most developing nations today. This has been caused mainly by lack of access to clean water. The rapid industrialization has led to the discharge of effluents loaded with pollutants into our water bodies that have greatly affected humans, aquatic life and the environment. This work looks into the possibility of improving the quality water through the elimination of (i) inherent contaminants in water using filters made from cheap locally available red clay and biomass (300 microns sawdust) materials and (ii) chemical treatment of industrial and domestic effluents which in itself is a source of environmental pollution. The sawdust-clay materials were first thoroughly dry mixed in four different weight ratios, 6/80 (sample A), 5/80 (sample B) 4/80 (sample C) and 2/80 (sample D) before water was then added gradually and mixed until the clay clumped together completely, softened and workable. It was then wedged by pressing firmly in order to remove bubbles from the inside of the clay and molded into cup--like shape. It was first sun dried then oven dried at 110 °C and then fired in a Muffle furnace at 850 °C to burnout the sawdust biomass and thus create fine pores within the clay matrix. Performance of the sawdust-clay filters for the purification of waste water obtained from two different sources, industrial and kitchen effluents, was investigated. Results obtained from the study showed that the four filters (A, B, C and D) proved to be moderately effective for the treatment of the two effluents. All the filters reduced the total dissolved solids (TDS) to 120 and 110 mg/L of the industrial and kitchen waste water respectively, to acceptable levels which is less than 500mg/L, set by the World Health Organization (WHO). Conductivity values obtained after the treatment of the water samples were lower than the 1000 µs/cm limit set by WHO. And with the exception of filter D, others greatly reduced the turbidity of water samples as values less than 5 NTU as set by WHO were obtained. The pH values or acidity reduced for the industrial waste water from 4.5 to 7.02 and for kitchen waste water from 5.1 to 7.02 which met the specification set by WHO. Some of the heavy metals detected in the water samples were effectively reduced to acceptable levels. The filtration rates were 140, 100, 50 and 20 ml/min for filters B, A, C and D respectively. The rates rapidly reduced to about 2.7, 1.7, 1.0 and 0.7 ml/min for A, B, C and D respectively after 30 minutes of filtration. This implies that the filters were effective and should thus be developed for industrial and domestic waste water treatment applications.
Design Modification of a Cassava Attrition Peeling Machine
Authors: Alli O. D , Abolarin M.S
Published: December 2019

There is still an increase in the demand for engineering innovations in designing cassava peeling attrition machines which will limit drudgery which its operators are being subject to. However, one major factor that has limited all existing designs is the fact that cassava tubers have irregular geometries. Hence, the emphases of this thesis is to design based on modifications, fabricate test and performance evaluation of a cassava tuber peeling machine using standard available materials by basically inculcating two contra-rotating shafts with brushes as deflectable knife edges and an auger that is inclined at an angle thus being powered by an electric motor and gravitational energy of the earth. The components of this machine include a main frame, feeding hopper, cylindrical peeling chamber, auger conveyor, belt and pulley transmission system, chain and sprocket transmission system, waste outlet, manual handle bearings and 1hp electric motor. By operation, cassava tubers are introduced into the feeding hopper which is then collected by the auger into the extracting compartment at an angle of 10 degrees, the auger conveyor which is well fitted inside the peeling chamber then translates the cassava tubers, and then presses the cassava tubers against the brushes. Each brush acts as a knife edge and also deflects to create an opening to accommodate the variable irregular cross sections along the length of any cassava tuber. The minimum and maximum mass of cassava tubers that are loaded into the peeling chamber from the introductory sector in different time intervals are 4.5kg and 5.0kg respectively. The Throughput Capacity of the machine is 47.9kg/h. The minimum and maximum force exerted per unit length of cassava tuber by each brush is 1.02Nmm-1 and 1.85Nmm-1 respectively. The machine was evaluated at stepwise speed of 50rpm from 50rpm to 250rpm. The minimum moisture content of each cassava tuber was 45% and a maximum of 70%. The maximum peeling efficiency was obtained at the minimum speed of 50rpm and a maximum moisture content of 70%.
Maximizing The Output Power Harvest Of A Pv Panel: A Critical Review
Authors: Ogundimu E. O. , Akinlabi E. T. , Mgbemene CA
Published: December 2019

The quick exhausting of traditional energy sources and the present consistently expanding energy request with regards to ecological issues have supported concentrated research on solar energy innovation. Apprehending most extreme energy from the sun by utilizing solar PV technology is impenetrable. A few features that influence the solar energy yield of this technology comprise the material of the photovoltaic, solar irradiances topographical area, the orientation of the panel, the angle of sun and surrounding climate. This present work reviews the ideologies and contrivances of solar PV tracking systems to decide the greatest solar panel tilt-angle, both isotopic and ant isotopic solar models and uses of numerous procedures for outlining solar panel tilt- angle by means of dissimilar optimization techniques. The work displays that sun-tracking systems are quite expensive than the opposing fixed mounted variety. This is mostly due to having motor-powered and moving portions. More also, having all these moving and mechanical parts means that there will be some amount of regular inspection, adjustments or even replacements required which leads way to another disadvantage. For greatest energy harvest, the optimum tilt angle for solar PV systems must be resolved definitely for every territory as it is basic for most extreme power generation by the system.
Efficacy of Corrosion phenomena, challenges and control in steel industry: An overview
Authors: Anwo A.B , Ajanaku K.O. , Fayomi O.S.I , Olanrewaju A.
Published: December 2019

The mitigation of corrosion is a major problem for many industries all over the world as it is costly to maintain metals especially in all energy sectors. There are different methods been used such as painting, coating and galvanizing; but, all these solutions are relatively expensive and cause harmful effect to the environment. it is pertinent to develop and apply emerging technology that will yield high resistance to corrosion, as a way of controlling corrosion in order to reduce corrosion cost, lower the risk of failure, accidents and extend the useful lives of equipment and building. This foster the search of natural plants with green inhibitors which are eco-friendly and relatively inexpensive. This paper investigates the corrosion mechanism process and possible mitigation in steel application.
Prediction of Early Age Strength of Concrete Using Statistical Method
Authors: Ogbodo M. C. , Ibigbani I. E. , Akpabot A. I.
Published: December 2019

This research work presents the use of statistical method (regression analysis) to predict early age strength of concrete. Freshly prepared concrete samples were poured into cube moulds and exposed to pond curing for 7 and 14 days. NDT was carried out using Schmidt rebound hammer before subjecting the concrete cubes to DT method using compression machine. Mathematical models were developed to obtain the early age strength of concrete for different days. From the results, concrete cured for 14 days had higher strength values than those cured for 7 days. Also, the rebound hammer in the horizontal position yields a better representation of compressive strength than when placed vertically downwards. The cubic regression (0.0198) analysis is best for the prediction of the concrete strength for the 14 days curing.
Investigation of the Catalytic Liquid System Ratio on the Strength Performance of Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Oyebisi Solomon , Ede Anthony , Olutoge Festus , Igba Tobit , Oluwafemi John , Ajao Adekunle
Published: December 2019

This study assessed the effects of the varying ratio of alkaline activators on the short-term mechanical property of slag-based geopolymer concrete (GPC) incorporated with corncob ash (CCA). Consequently, the study harnessed the waste products, eco-friendly and low-carbon footprint materials, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and corncob ash (CCA) as binding agents in a bid to design and develop a sustainable product. Moreover, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) gel were used as a catalytic liquid system (CLS) for the activation of the concrete products at the varying ratio of 1.5: 1, 2: 1, 2.5: 1 and 3: 1 for Na2SiO3 gel: NaOH solution respectively. Furthermore, GGBFS was replaced by CCA in 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% volume using grade 30 MPa concrete (M 30) as a mix design proportion. The mix was activated with 14 molar concentrations of CLS. Subsequently, the concrete samples were cured under the ambient conditions and tested for compressive strength at 7, 28, 56 and 90 days. The experimental finding revealed that the optimum strength performance of slag-based GPC incorporated with CCA is achieved at a ratio of 2.5: 1 for Na2SiO3 gel: NaOH solution respectively when compared with 1.5: 1, 2: 1 and 3: 1 for the concrete. Therefore, the strength performance of GPC depends on the varying ratio of alkaline liquid and must be properly experimented to ascertain its best performance on the strength properties of GPC.
Adsorption assessment of the inhibitive effect of Crateva adansonii on low carbon steel in acidic medium
Authors: Anwo A.B , Ajanaku K.O. , Akinsiku A.A. , Fayomi O.S.I , Olanrewaju A. , Ajanaku C.O
Published: December 2019

This paper outlines the unique role ofCrateva adansonii(CA) leaf extract on low carbon steel in corrosive media. The defensive ability ofCrateva adansoniiextract was evaluated by gravimetric and gasometric techniques. The result of the experiment indicated that extract ofCrateva adansoniiexhibit perfectly well on the steel due photochemical species containing in the inhibitive extract thereby blocking both the anodic and cathodic site. The mixed Inhibitive effect ofCrateva adansoniiwere investigated by the kinetic state. The adsorption studies of CA leaf extract obeyed the Langmuir, Freundlich, temkin isotherm but best fitted into Langmuir adsorption isotherm which characterised by physisorption. The range of Eavalues (from 46.09 kJ/mol to 60.58 kJ / mol) in the presence of the extract being higher than the free solution. Which suggests strong physical adsorption (physisorption).
Production of Adhesive from Cassava Starch
Authors: Ayoola A.A. , Fayomi O.S.I. , Akande I.G. , Adeeyo O.A. , Obanla O.R. , Abatan O.G. , Babatunde D.E. , Olawepo V.A. , Fagbiele O.O. , Olomo V.D.
Published: December 2019

The research work investigated the production of adhesive from cassava starch. Cassava tubers were processed into starch-based adhesives, using two different gelatinization enhancers (that is HCl and NaOH) which were introduced separately. The adhesives were produced by considering two varied process parameters, namely percentage weight of borax in starch solution (8 – 20%) and reaction temperature (65 – 85°C). Comparative analysis of the adhesive obtained (using HCl and NaOH as gelatinization enhancers) include the determination of its bond strength, viscosity, drying time, pH and density. As the borax weight percent increases up to 14 % and reaction temperature reduces (using NaOH) the drying time increases, while the drying time reduces as both the borax weight percent and temperature reduce (using HCl). The results of the adhesive physical properties fall within the standard range for each of the properties and this implied that the adhesive produced was of high quality.
Monte Carlo Method of Shrinking Direction on Rectangular Slab of Fixed Boundary Condition
Authors: Udoye N. E. , Dare A. A. , Fayomi O. S. I. , Banjo S. O.
Published: December 2019

The study of heat transfer is crucial for its proper implementation in engineering design process. The Shrinking Boundary Monte Carlo Method was applied to evaluate temperature distribution in a Spiral, vertically up and vertically down running direction. The outcome was equated to normal Monte Carlo Method. The results revealed that increasing the size of the rectangular slab will increase the running time to compute temperature distribution. In a given direction of running, it has different temperature distribution for the different sizes of the slab. The computational run time for a rectangular slab in a portrait shape is greater than rectangular slab in a landscape pattern. The study proved that the average of the run time for various direction of movement indicates that spiral is shorter. It is the best ways of computing temperature dispersal in a rectangular slab of fixed boundary condition. The utilization of the shrinking boundary to analyse heat transfer was successful.
Predicting the Quantity of Municipal Solid Waste Required for Power Generation Using Power Plant Design Parameters
Authors: Ibikunle R. A , Titiladunayo I.F , Uguru-Okorie D. C , Osueke C.O , Olayanju A
Published: December 2019

In energy recovery technology, via municipal solid waste (MSW) as an energy resource; the capacity of the power plant required can be designed, if the potentials of the heat and electrical energy of the waste to be combusted has been established. Conversely, in this research, the amount of power potential of the waste required as fuel, is determined through the design for the capacity of the steam power plant that will utilize municipal solid waste as an energy resource. The capacity of the power plant is designed, using single reheat Rankine cycle. The pressure and temperature selected for the design of the boiler is 30 bar and 400 °C, the pressure at the reheat tube is 6 bar, and the pressure at the condenser is 0.032 bar. The heat supplied to the boiler is calculated to be 3639.2 kJ/kg, the total work-output of the turbine is 1451.4 kJ/kg and the heat rejected at the condenser is 2187.6 kJ/kg. The quantity of MSW required is predicted to be 418 MJ/kg based on the calorific value of 20 MJ/kg, and its heat energy and electrical power potentials is predicted to be 2.3 GWh and 29 MW respectively while the grid to power is 20 MW.
A Systematic Mapping Study of Cloud-native Application Design and Engineering
Authors: Odun-Ayo Isaac , Goddy-Worlu Rowland , Ajayi Lydia , Edosomwan Boma , Okezie Fiona
Published: December 2019

Cloud computing is a desirable paradigm that is providing services to users in a convenient manner and ensuring that Cloud service providers have value for their infrastructure. Applications designed to run explicitly on the Cloud are usually referred to as Cloud-native applications. Determining a research focus in a particular field of study is sometimes challenging. A systematic mapping study gives an insight into the research level that is being conducted in any field of interest. The results generated from such study are presented using a map. The method used in this study was analyzing three facets categories namely, topics, research and contribution. Topics were retrieved from primary studies, while type of research such as evaluation and contribution such as tool, were used in the analysis. The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic mapping study of Cloud-native applications designs and engineering. This will provide an insight into the frequency of work that has been done in cloud-native applications area. The results showed that from publications relating to security in the field of metric (1.94%), more articles in the topic of application in terms of tool (13.59%), more work done on architecture in terms of model (15.53%), more papers published on Cloud migration in the area of method (10.68%). Furthermore, 11.82% publications were identified on applications in terms of evaluation research, more publication on implementation in the area of validation research (1.82%), more publications on implementation in solution research (6.36%), more publications on security and application with respect to philosophical research (1.82%) and more work done on applications in terms of experience research (6.36%). From the study, several gaps were identified which would be beneficial to researchers, practitioners and providers.
Evolution of surface roughness and mechanical properties of Sputtered Aluminum thin films
Authors: Mwema F.M. , Akinlabi E.T. , Oladijo O.P.
Published: December 2019

In this work, aluminum thin films were sputtered on steel substrates at a varying substrate temperature ranging between 40 and 100 degrees Celsius. The films were characterized for microstructure by field emission scanning electron microscope, topography by atomic force microscope, mechanical properties by nanoindentation and the results related to the wear behavior of the films under very high sliding load of 30 N. The mechanism of failure of such films were observed and the relationship between the substrate temperature and sliding failure discussed. The study is important in understanding the failure mechanisms and improvement of the surface properties of sputtered aluminum thin films.
Reliability Comparison of Schmidt Rebound Hammer as a Non-Destructive Test with Compressive Strength Tests for different Concrete Mix
Authors: Atoyebi O. D. , Ayanrinde O. P. , Oluwafemi J.
Published: December 2019

One of the most important concrete properties for structural concrete design or redesign is the compressive strength, it gives information on the characteristics of concrete. This strength measure is obtained through standardized crushing tests on cast cubes, the cubes are produced alongside the construction of concrete elements on site however they are not available for strength testing of existing buildings henc3e the need for non-destructive test methods. Schmidt’s Rebound Hammer is a nondestructive test which is used to assess the compressive strength of concrete using rebound index. Surface hardness test was done on different concrete mix and compared with cube compressive strength tests. The changes in one variable explained by the change in a related variable as given by the R-squared are 93.79%, 99.42%, 86.8%, 1% and 98.5% for Mix 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. It is noted that for proper result from non-destructive tests, more than one should be implored and the model calibration should be based on actual compressive strength.
Polyhydroxyalkanoate: a biodegradable polymer (a mini review)
Authors: Akinmulewo A. B. , Nwinyi O. C.
Published: December 2019

The current synthetic plastic menace has driven researchers to sort sustainable alternatives. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) has been proven to be sustainable, biodegradable, biocompatible and hence could serve as suitable alternative. PHAs are biodegradable polyester produced by microorganisms that can be produced from renewable substrates such as starch and plant oils. These biopolyesters are accumulated in the intracellular granules and serve as carbon reserve for bacteria. Current studies show that there exists about 150 different monomers of PHA with shared properties similar to synthetic plastics which makes their application wide. This review is focused on giving a background study on polyhydroxyalkanoate, with special considerations on their physicochemical properties, its applications, the pathways that leads to its synthesis and the various applications.
Extraction of oil from selected plants using Response Surface Methodology [RSM]
Authors: Ojewumi M.E. , Oyekunle D.T. , Ekanem G.P , Obanla O.R. , Owolabi O.M.
Published: December 2019

This study involves the extraction of oil from three sources: orange peel, guava leaves, and cassia fistula leaves using Soxhlet apparatus. The variables considered in this study were time of extraction and sample weight. Minitab statistical software was used to randomize the runs. The combination of operating parameters that gave the optimum yield for the three sources were identified. The regression equation for each source was reported. The coefficient of determination (R2) value for orange, guava leaves and cassia fistula extract were 99.51%, 99.90%, and 99.77% respectively. This shows that the model is a good prediction tool for extraction of oil from these sources. Based on the R2 values guava leaves (99.90%) gave the highest prediction accuracy followed by Cassia fistula (99.90%), with orange leaves having the lowest R2 value (99.77%) among the three sources considered.
The Role of Construction Materials in Building Collapse in Nigeria: A Review
Authors: Bamigboye G. O. , Michaels T. , Ede A. N. , Ngene B. U. , Nwanko C. , Davies I.
Published: December 2019

Building failure or collapse happens both in the developed and developing countries but the rate of occurrence in the developing country such as Nigeria is quite alarming and therefore call concern. The menace of building collapse in Nigeria is very alarming and appalling. Building collapse in Nigeria has become the norms they are easily swept under the carpet whenever it occurs. It is rather unfortunate that both human and economic loss we record each time there is a failure or building collapse is rather humongous. There is also a lot of blame game among professional stakeholders in the industry once failure or collapse of building occur and unfortunately, there is no proper scientific investigation in most developing countries such as Nigeria to ascertain the cause of failure or collapse as the case may be in order to avoid any future occurrence. In the cause of this review, it was discovered that building materials such as reinforcing steel, cement, sand, granite, sandcrete blocks and concrete play huge important role in either the collapse or stability of buildings in Nigeria. The roles of these materials are so vital that they contribute immensely to the collapse of buildings. It was concluded that 10-25% of buildings that collapse in Nigeria are as a result of the use of poor quality building materials. The review has extensively dealt with building collapse in relation with the role of building materials during construction.
Achieving Energy Efficient Building through Energy Performance Analysis of Building Envelope in Student Housing
Authors: Olanrewaju S. D. , Adetunji O. S. , Ogundepo T. M.
Published: December 2019

Protecting the built environment through reasonable incorporation of sustainable principles into the design of buildings is a vital role of architects and other built environment professionals. By so doing, the increase observed in energy demand of buildings constitutes a major challenge to the protection of and reduction of greenhouse gases produced by buildings. This constitutes a critical element in the movement towards a more sustainable future. This study examines the indispensable relevance of carrying-out energy performance analysis on a building design blueprints prior to construction. The study employs the use of Autodesk Revit 2014 as a Building Information Modeling (BIM) tool and Autodesk Green Building Studio (GBS) for energy performance analysis of an existing student housing at Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo state, Nigeria in order to recommend energy efficient strategies that could be implemented at the design phase of the student housing. The energy-saving effects of the different building envelope were investigated and results were analyzed. The annual energy use revealed approximately 60 percent of electricity consumed from the national grid with the left-over 40 percent expelled on fuel. This result was, however, based on an assumption of a 20 hours minimum daily power supply from the national grid. The monthly heating load chart shows that heat is lost from the walls of the building. The walling material has a considerable impact on energy consumption. The simulation results of the existing student housing were compared with eight alternative designs that alter the building envelope and incorporate shading devices to reduce the carbon footprint and energy use. The best alternative design runs reduced the energy consumed yearly from 402, 168 kWh/year to 385, 318kWh/year.
Microwave irradiation technique: Green potent energy source for sustainable applications
Authors: Ajani Olayinka O. , Iyaye King T.
Published: December 2019

Synthesis of organic and inorganic compounds is a foundational concept in the preparation of bioactive material for drug development as well as provision of materials for other applications in everyday life of man. Conventional synthetic approach by heating under reflux has been in use since antiquity. This usually take a longer time to complete, it is not void of release of toxic chemical and could lead to decomposition of envisaged compounds some time. In recent time, microwave assisted reaction have been adopted in synthesis of numerous compounds which are essential templates in many industrial processes and various application. This present review deals with the recent advances of microwave irradiation techniques as sustainable and ecofriendly means of preparing compounds of interest to man. Microwave assisted technique approach is noted to be remarkably useful towards the synthesis of bioactive materials for drug design, polymeric materials for composite matrix, donor molecules for corrosion inhibition, material for battery application, nanomaterials as perovskites for supercapacitance electrodes, high wavelength compounds as solar cell sensitizers, dye materials in textile industries among others. Thus, microwave irradiation is an unavoidable technique for the accelerated eco-friendly synthesis of organic compounds which must be well explored for the benefit of man and his environment.