bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drought in Ethiopia: A Population Health Equity Approach to Build Resilience for the Agro-Pastoralist Community
Authors: Khan Selim M. , Gomes James
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND: A devastating drought is ravaging Africa, with Ethiopia being the worst-hit country. Ethiopia’s economy is predominantly reliant on rain-fed farming and livestock. The agriculture sector contributes up to 85% of the country’s livelihoods. The drought has threatened agro-economy and health of over 15 million agro-pastoralist population who herd the largest livestock in Africa. Some governments announced its commitment in the UN to extend support for the drought-affected people. The Sendai framework for Disaster Risk Reduction prioritizes proactive rather than reactive relief response that can promote health resilience. Applying population health matrices can serve the purpose by exploring the determinants of health, their impacts on the differential health outcomes for population sub-groups and to improve the overall health of the population by addressing the health inequity.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to identify the critical population health outcomes, underlying determinants, and the leverage points for actions that can guide effective policies and interventions for building health resilience for the vulnerable agro-pastoralist population in Ethiopia.

METHODS: Two researchers searched nine academic and grey literature bibliographic databases for drought literature and related health interventions. We used the PRISMA checklist to synthesize data and Hamilton tools to evaluate individual study quality. We analyzed data employing disaster vulnerability and WHO’s social determinants of health and health equity frameworks. Socioeconomic, political and cultural backgrounds are examined to identify policy and leverage points for effective population health interventions.

RESULTS: Health issues are diverse that revolve around the major determinants of health such as food security, infrastructure, health systems, disaster preparedness, household productivity-income, livestock dependence and access to the market economy. These determinants are further affected by socioeconomic, political and cultural contexts. Despite dire vulnerability and health inequity, some potentials evolved from recent public health field practices as the leverage points for policy actions and interventions.

CONCLUSION: The recommended interventions can be implemented through an interdisciplinary population health approach to get the maximum impacts on health resilience. Evidence gathered from the worst drought niche in Africa can be useful to tackle similar droughts induced health issues in other parts of the continent. Future intervention research on the ground can generate robust evidence for action to build health resilience.
Confirmation Bias in Investments
Authors: Cheng Chu Xin
Published: January 2019

Investors exhibit some well documented mistakes, such as the disposition effect and excessive trading. One potential explanation of these phenomena is confirmation bias. People are inclined to be attached to their investment thesis and are unwilling to consider or accept evidence that they are wrong. Thus, they make speculative bets and hold onto them even as they show a downward trend. Confirmation bias may result from people selectively acquiring information that allows them to continue believing what they initially believe. I investigated selective information acquisition among investors with an experiment that gave participants the choice to read an article supporting an investment they previously made or one opposing it. I discovered that investors are significantly more likely to read the article that is supportive of their decision rather than the article that opposed the investment they had chosen. This suggests that investors exhibit selective information seeking, which could be a source of confirmation bias and is thus a plausible explanation for the investor mistakes previously discussed.
Mexico’s Monetary Policy Communication and Money Markets
Authors: Garcia-Herrero Alicia , Girardin Eric , Lopez-Marmolejo Arnoldo
Published: January 2019

Central bank communication is becoming a key aspect of monetary policy. How much financial markets listen and, possibly, understand Banco de Mexico’s communication on its monetary policy stance should be a key consideration for the central bank to further modernize its monetary policy toolkit. In this paper, we tackle this issue empirically by using our own index of the tone of communication based on Banco de Mexico’s speeches and statements and find that Mexican money markets do not only listen but they also understand the stance of monetary policy conveyed in the central bank’s words. Regarding the ability to listen we find that both the volatility and volume in the money market rates change right after communication from Banco de Mexico’s governing body. As for the markets’ understanding, we document a statistically significant rise in money market rates the more hawkish communication is. All in all, our results show strong evidence of effective oral and written communication from the Central Bank towards Mexico’s money markets.
TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF BEARING STEEL AFTER HYBRID TREATMENT, COMBINED DIFFUSION CHROMIZING WITH THE PVD METHOD
Authors: BOGDAŃSKI Bogdan , KASPRZYCKA Ewa
Published: January 2019

The objective of the research in this work was the modification of the structure of chromized carbide layers on a bearing steel surface by the combination of diffusion chromizing with subsequent treatment, chromium nitride deposition by the PVD method, carried out to improve their tribological properties. As a result, CrC+CrN type hybrid layers on the surface of bearing steel were obtained. For comparison, the properties of single chromized carbide layers produced on a bearing steel surface in diffusion chromizing by the pack powder method were tested. Investigations of the layers’ microstructures, phase composition, depth profiles of elements in the layer diffusion zone, and hardness were carried out. Tribological properties (linear wear) of the layers were performed by means of taper-three rolls tests. It has been proved, that the resistance to abrasive wear of the CrC+CrN type hybrid layers is almost two times higher than that for single CrC carbide layers.
INVESTIGATION OF SLIDING PROPERTIES OF SELECTED PLASTICS AND GREASES APPLIED FOR ELEMENTS OF WINTER SPORT EQUIPMENT
Authors: BROŃCZYK Anna , KOWALEWSKI Piotr , PIEKARZ Damian
Published: January 2019

The article presents the results of friction coefficient measurements of selected polymer materials applied for elements of winter sports equipmentsliding against ice. After testing, one of thematerials, polyethylene, which is the most commonly used material for ski slides, was selected and tested again, this time, in the presence of various types of ski lubricants. The research was carried out on a pin-on-disc tester placed in a climatic chamber. Obtained results revealed that the selection of the lubricant is a matter of great importance to the reductionof the frictional resistance and should be strictly conditioned by the ambient temperature and associated prevailing snow conditions.
ANALYSIS OF THE ASSESSMENT OF THE CONSUMPTION STATE OF CONCRETE ABRASIVE SURFACES USING SPATIAL SCANNING
Authors: HORSZCZARUK Elżbieta , BRZOZOWSKI Piotr
Published: January 2019

The article presents the results of the analysis of surface damage of abraded underwater concretes with the use of spatial scanning. The concrete abrasion test was carried out using the ASTM C1138 underwater method. Spatial scanning was used to prepare a map of wearing of the abraded surfaces of the specimens. This map enabled a better prognosis of the abrasion wear of the concrete, particularly in the context of designing hydrotechnic reinforced concretes.
THE EFFECT OF THE ADDITION OF ZEOLITE PARTICLES ON THE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF SINTERED COPPER MATRIX COMPOSITES
Authors: KARGUL Marcin , BOROWIECKA-JAMROZEK Joanna , KONIECZNY Marek
Published: January 2019

The paper presents the results of research on the possibilities of producing and using copper–zeolite composites obtained by powder metallurgy. The zeolite powder (0.0–0.2 mm fraction) used in the experiments was ground tuff rock extracted from the Kucin Quarry (VSK PRO-ZEO s.r.o.) in Slovakia. The as-delivered material was imaged and analysed using the SEM/EDS and XRD techniques. Before the sintering process, one-sided pressing was applied to the hydraulic press at a pressure of 620 MPa. The sintering process was carried out in a laboratory tube furnace at 900°C in an atmosphere of dissociated ammonia. The sintering time was 60 minutes. The resulting agglomerates were subjected to the following tests: measurements of density, hardness, electrical conductivity, and abrasion resistance. Observations of the microstructure on metallographic specimens made from the sintered samples were also performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Zeolite was introduced into the copper matrix in the amounts of 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% by weight. The introduction of zeolite particles into the matrix as the strengthening phase caused an increase in the hardness of sinters while lowering a density and electrical conductivity. The introduction of zeolite particles caused a decrease in abrasion resistance for a composite containing up to 7.5% zeolite. The increase in abrasion resistance was observed for the composite containing 10% zeolite particles.
CHALLENGES AND METHODS IN ANALYZES OF THE HEAT TRANSFER IN POLYMER DRY BEARINGS
Authors: KASZA Krzysztof , MATYSIAK Łukasz , KRÓL Artur
Published: January 2019

Heat generation and dissipation in dry polymer bearings are important aspects in their design and operation, because the overheating may lead to fast wear or product damage. The estimation of the maximum temperature under defined load conditions is crucial, but it is also a challenging task. Firstly, it is difficult to measure temperature directly at the contact surface between the bearing and the shaft. Secondly, thermocouples that are commonly used as the temperature sensors might create measurement errors. The work presented in this paper utilizes the numerical model of a polymer bearing for the analysis of the internal temperature field. The model is validated with use of experimental data; and, in order to mitigate the measurement errors of the thermocouple sensor, their geometry and properties are included in the simulation model. The achieved agreement between simulation and experimental temperatures is 10% on average, and it is judged that the numerical model may be applied for thermal analysis of the polymer bearing. The obtained results confirm the influence of the thermocouples with metallic sheaths on the temperature distribution inside the tested polymer bearing. It is shown that the value of the measurement errors depends on the layout of thermocouples and might be significantly reduced by their proper arrangement. It is believed that the presented approach for the analysis of thermal performance of dry polymer bearings might be applied to similar cases, which are characterized by large temperature gradients and require temperature sensors, that are made of the materials of high thermal conductivity.
THE INFLUENCE OF FRICTION FORCES ON LONGITUDINAL WAVE PROPAGATION IN A STUCK DRILL STRING IN A BOREHOLE
Authors: KHARCHENKO Yevhen , HUTYI Andrii , HAIDUK Volodymyr
Published: January 2019

A mathematical model and the computer software for the analysis of dynamic processes occurring in the drilling pipes in the borehole under stuck drill string release by means of an impact mechanism (a jerking device) or a pulse-wave installation, equipped with electric linear pulse motor are presented. The drill string with an impact mechanism, which is inserted over the stuck section after failure, is detected and is activated by lowering and taking the non-stuck upper part of the string by means of the drilling rig drive and is considered as a discrete-continuous mechanical system. As a result of the impact of the hammer on the body of the impact mechanism, wave processes are formed in the drill string, which helps to release the stuck drill string. The influence of friction forces on propagation of longitudinal waves in the drill pipe string is investigated. Practical recommendations are developed regarding the above-mentioned efficiency of drilling for oil and gas.
DETERM INATION OF THE FRICTION COEFFICIENT IN THE FOIL-ROLLER COM BINATION
Authors: KOMAR Wiesław , DUDDA Waldemar
Published: January 2019

In order to verify and select the appropriate materials for cooperation in high-speed foil bearings in the particular tribological pair, a series of friction and wear tests of selected material pairs were carried out. This paper presents a method for determination of the friction coefficient, a basic quantity characterizing two materials cooperating frictionally in an atypical tribological combination of the foil-roller type. Laboratory tests, necessary to determine the friction factor value in the mentioned friction junction and in a low-boiling liquid environment, were carried out on a specially prepared test stand using the T-27 apparatus.
THE INFLUENCE OF SILICON-DOPED DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON COATING ON THE WEAR OF IONIC LIQUID LUBRICATED FRICTION PAIRS
Authors: MILEWSKI Krystian , MADEJ Monika , KOWALCZYK Joanna , OZIMINA Dariusz
Published: January 2019

This article reports the results of the study of an a-C:H:Si coating doped with silicon and produced by chemical deposition (PACVD). The effect of the coating on the tribological behaviour of IL-lubricated friction pairs was evaluated. The properties of the 100Cr6 steel specimens with and without the coating were compared. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis were used for imaging the morphology of the coating surfaces and cross-sections and for identifying the elements in the coating composition. The contact angle of the investigated surfaces was measured with an optical tensiometer. Friction tests were performed on a ball-on-disc tribometer under dry friction and when lubricated with trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide ionic liquid. The geometrical structure of the surfaces before and after the tribological tests was measured using an optical profilometer. The ionic liquid used with the silicon-doped diamond-like coating under friction conditions reduced the coefficient of friction and wear. The results obtained from the tests and analysis allow for the conclusion that the use of DLC coatings a-C:H:Si lubricated with trihexyltetradecylphosphonium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide contributes towards the improvement of tribological properties of sliding surfaces under friction.
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF LASER ALLOYING OF THE SURFACE LAYER ON ABRASIVE WEAR RESISTANCE OF CAST IRON ELEMENTS
Authors: PACZKOWSKA Marta , SELECH Jarosław
Published: January 2019

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of the laser alloying of the coulter flaps working in a sand medium on the intensity of their abrasive wear. The treatment was performed with a dual diode TRUDISK 1000 laser device. Two types of alloying were performed (with boron and the mixture of boron and chromium). The wear experiment was carried out with a “rotating bowl” device to testing wear in a sandy medium. In comparison to the surface layer of the base coulter flaps (only chilled – with white cast iron microstructure) after laser alloying finer, more homogenous and additionally hardened microstructure of the surface layer was achieved. Such microstructure improved the hardness by approx. 2 times for laser alloying with boron and 3 times for the alloying with boron and chromium. Wear tests proved that this translated into over 2-fold improvement in durability of treated coulter flaps. Mass loss was similar in the case of both types of alloying despite of achieving the higher value of hardness by laser alloying with boron and chromium than by alloying only with boron. It may result from some discontinuities observed in the microstructure of the layer containing chromium that was created due to the technology. It was also observed that alloying with boron improved the surface roughness parameters.
THE TRIBOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POLYMER
COMPOSITION IN THE RECIPROCATING MOTION
IN THE PRESENCE OF ABRASIVE MATERIALS
Authors: PAWELEC Zbigniew
Published: January 2019

The article presents the results of the studies of resistance to abrasive wear of regenerative chemically curable
a metal–polymer composite. The metal–polymer composite is used for the regeneration of guide systems of
cutting machines and the classical construction association in steel-steel sliding guides. The tribological tests
were carried out using a T–17 tester in reciprocating motion for various friction node loads of the 100 N, 150 N,
and 200N. The studied combinations of machine oil contaminated by grinding dust of different chemical
compositions were lubricated. Based on the studies carried out, it was found that the combination of polymersteel
composite is characterized by greater abrasive wear resistance in the accepted study conditions than the
steel-steel combination.
PROBLEMS OF TRIBOLOGIC CHARACTERIZATION OF SHOE – WALKING SURFACE FRICTION PAIRS
Authors: PRZEPIÓRKA Jacek , SZCZEREK Marian
Published: January 2019

Tribological characteristics of shoe sole in a friction pair with the walking surface are important parameters due to the safety of shoe exploitation and time of its durability. The footwear industry methods of analysing friction coefficient are obsolete, and, on the other hand, modern tribological equipment that allows credible results requires long data processing. The authors suggest using a previously developed formula that binds tribological characteristics with energetic condition of the walking surface. By doing so, this formula evaluates the force of friction and wear of shoe – walking surface pair. It may shorten the time needed to evaluate the basic parameters of shoe exploitation in variable conditions of their utilization and, thus, contribute to the formulation of material resolutions aiming to improve the quality of shoe usage while reducing the costs of performing required examinations.
Towards Data Transmission Through Inaudible Sound in Ginga-NCL
Authors: Nunes João Victor G. de S. , Guedes Álan L.V. , Lima Guilherme F. , Colcher Sérgio
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we report our efforts to add support for data transmission through inaudible sound to the Ginga-NCL Digital TV middleware. We present an algorithm for encoding a bitstream in an inaudible audio signal, and to do so reliably on consumer-grade hardware. We also discuss two attempts to implement this algorithm in NCL, the language in which Ginga-NCL applications are written. The first attempt was to transmit prerecorded inaudible audio signals in a Ginga-NCL-compatible set-top-box. And the second attempt was to use NCLua to generate at runtime the inaudible audio signal. For the second attempt we extended NCL with a novel media object type, called SigGen, which can be used to generate arbitrary audio signals. In the paper, we describe in detail the implementation of SigGen and the result of these attempts.
Assessment of the Treatment of Grammatical Aspects of Machine Translators to Libras
Authors: Reis Luana Silva , De Araújo Tiago Maritan U. , Aguiar Yuska Paola Costa , Lima Manuella Aschoff C.B. , Sales Angelina S. da Silva
Published: January 2019

Currently, a set of technologies has been developed with the aim of reducing barriers to access to information for deaf people, such as machine tools for sign languages. However, these technologies have some limitations related to the difficult of handling some specific grammatical aspects of the sign languages, which can make the translations less fluent, and influence the deaf users experience. To address this problem, this study analyzes the machine translation of contents from Brazilian Portuguese (Pt-br) into Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) performed by three machine translators: ProDeaf, HandTalk and VLibras. More specifically, we performed an experiment with some Brazilian human interpreters that evaluate the treatment of some specific grammatical aspects in these three applications. As a result, we observed a significant weakness in the evaluation regarding the adequacy treatment of homonymous words, denial adverbs and directional verbs in the translations performed by the applications, which indicates the need for these tools to improve in the treatment of these grammatical aspects.
Reformulação do Projeto de Usabilidade da Ferramenta Lagarto
Authors: Chaves Samir , Trinta Fernando
Published: January 2019

The development of Location Based Mobile Games (LBMG) is a complex task. To overcome this problem, authoring tools have been proposed aimint at reducing the time and eff ort required to create these applications. One of these tools is LAGARTo, a web authoring application to help non-programmers users to create multiplayer LBMGs with augmented reality features. The first version of LAGARTo presented a usability level below end-users expectations. Therefore, this research proposes a new usability project for the LAGARTo editor to address its current problems. This document presents the results already obtained from a work in progress, with promising results of improvement in the usability of LAGARTo.
Integração de um Gerador de Código ao FrameWeb Editor
Authors: Zupeli Breno Leite , Silva Souza Vítor E.
Published: January 2019

FrameWeb (Framework-based Design Method for Web Engineering) incorporates concepts from categories of frameworks commonly used in the development of Web-based Information Systems into design models, defining the syntax of such models with meta-models. Based on Model-Driven Development (MDD) techniques, a CASE tool called FrameWeb Editor was built. In a separate eff ort, a code generation tool was proposed, but did not use the method’s MDD foundations. In this paper, we report on the integration of the code generator into the FrameWeb Editor and the FrameWeb meta-model.
VolleyJump: Uma aplicação para a análise de saltos no voleibol de praia
Authors: Bandeira Renan , Trinta Fernando , Gomes João , Maia Marcio , Araripe Alexandre
Published: January 2019

Professional sports are increasingly dependents of technological resources given the remarkable level of competitiveness faced by high performance athletes. With such resources, it is possible to analyze matches, avoid mistakes that may be committed by the referee or even to analyze the athletes’ performance. One of these sports is beach volleyball, one of most popular sports in Brazil. In the past 12 years, the Brazilian volleyball teams has been always among the best teams in the world. The athletes’ performance during the jump movement is one of the main factors that one team needs to improve to be successful because it is the movement that is most performed during a volleyball match. There are some approaches that study the jump movement in order to calculate its height and give evidences to improve it. Nevertheless, these solutions are expensive and are not viable to athletes with no sponsorship. Having this in mind, this works presents VolleyJump, an application created to analyze beach volleyball athlete jumps using machine learning strategies to calculate the jump height and classify it as an attack or block jump. Results show that VolleyIoT makes possible to analyze athletes’ jumps using mobile devices sensors, helping them to focus on their trainning to improve its technique.
Digital Cognitive Tests with Brazilian elderly
Authors: Do Amaral Leandro Agostini , Fortes Renata Pontin de Mattos , Bittar Thiago Jabur
Published: January 2019

Serious games are presented as a very promising mechanism in many settings, such as education and health, however its application with the elderly is little verified. In order to reproduce in digital form the results of the elderly cognitive assessments, made and validated on paper, in this study a digital cognitive test tool, with the characteristics of a serious game, was developed using the Unified Design process. As conclusion, it is suggested that it is possible to achieve results similar to those obtained by validated and paper-based tests, from a game, adapted to the needs of the elderly, in a digital cognitive test format.
NEW UNIVERSAL METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF ANTICOAGULANTS IN RODENTICIDES
Authors: Andreev Sergey V. , Belyaev Evgeny S. , Ischenko Anatoly A.
Published: January 2019

Solid paraffin briquettes are one of the most modern types of rodenticide baits, because they protect it from the environmental exposure and do not reduce palatability of rodents. This paper proposes a simple universal method for the determination of brodifacoum, bromadiolone and difenacoum in solid briquettes, which are a mixture of paraffin, poison and filler, which can be used as grain, flour and the like. The difficulty in the analysis of baits containing paraffin, is to get rid of it. For this, we propose to use hexane-acetonitrile extraction in the system. Paraffin dissolves in hexane, while brodifacoum, bromadiolone and difenacoum do not. The resulting two-phase system was separated using a separatory funnel and the bottom fraction was collected. If any fillers were present in the sample, they were filtered until the mixture was separated, the residue was washed with acetonitrile. Before introducing the sample into the chromatograph, it was filtered twice with PTFE filters with a porosity of 0.45 µm. The best separation was achieved using a Thermo Acclaim® Surfactant column using acetonitrile and 0.1 M aqueous ammonium acetate solution (pH 5.4) as the mobile phase in a gradient elution mode. All three poisons were detected at a wavelength of 264 nm. This method has a sensitivity of 0.028 mg. The linearity range is from 0.00067 to 0.01%. The recovery rate for bromadiolone is 94%, for brodifacoum, 98%, and for difenacoum, 90%.
SYNTHESIS OF GLYCIDYL AND THIOGLYCIDYL ETHERS OF DIACETYLENE SERIES AND THEIR USE AS A MODIFIER OF PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE OLIGOMERS
Authors: Shatirova Makhruza I. , Naibova Tamilla M.
Published: January 2019

It has been shown that the chlorine-containing unconjugated enyne alcohols react with epichlorohydrin in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate with formation of chlorohydrines, which further without their isolation, under the action of potassium hydrochloride are dehydrochlorinated with formation of the corresponding glycidyl ethers. Under the action of an alcoholic solution of potassium hydroxide at temperature of 75-80 °С on synthesized chlorine-containing ethers the dehydrochlorination reaction on double С=С bond proceeds and glycidyl ethers of 1,4-diine series are formed. It has been revealed that the synthesized glycidyl ethers are the very reactive compounds. In patricular, it has been shown that the ethers of 1,4-diine series with the participation of oxirane ring undergo the reaction with thiurea medium of methanol at 30-35 °С, forming the corresponding tyrants. The data of IR- and NMR-spectra of the prepared compounds have been presented and their modifying properties in relation to phenol-formaldehyde oligomers in acidic and alkaline media have been revealed. The prepared modified oligomers are the products of liquid-viscous consistency, soluble in acetone, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl formamide and dioxane. It has been proved by the carried out analyses that the prepared PhFOs, modified by glycidyl and thiglycidyl ethers of diacetylene series are not mechanical mixtures of phenol, formaldehyde and modifier. On the basis of obtained results the formation mechanism of modified resol and novolac PhFO has been also revealed. It has been established that the physical-chemical and physical-mechanical parameters of the prepared phenol-formaldehyde oligomers modified by modifiers proposed by us, in comparison with unmodified ones, are improved. From the proposed diglycidyl and thiodiglycidyl ethers for the modification of PhFO the best results on all parameters are achieved at modification with thioglycidyl ether of diacetylene series.
SYNTHESIS AND HERBICID ACTIVITY OF ARYLOXYACETIC ACIDS AND AMIDES OF ARYLOXY ACETIC ACIDS CONTAINING CYCLOACETAL FRAGMENT
Authors: Raskil’dina Gul’nara Z. , Yakovenko Evgeniya A. , Mryasova Luisa M. M. , Zlotskii Simon S.
Published: January 2019

The herbicidal activity of esters and amides based on commercially available phenoxy chlorides and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acids was studied. Esters of 2,2-methyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane, 5-ethyl-5-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxane and 1,3-dioxolan-4-ylmethanol and 1,3-dioxane-5 -ol (glycerin formulas), as well as amides containing gem-dichlorocyclopropane and 1,3-dioxolane fragments were obtained. The acid chlorides, 1,3-dioxacycloalkanes and secondary amines were prepared according to standard basic methods. Esters and amides were synthesized from these starting compounds in a short time and with a quantitative yield (more than 90%). As a result of the synthesis of a mixture of 1,3-dioxolan-4-ylmethyl phenylacetate and 1,3-dioxan-5-yl phenylacetate, the content of the 5-ring cyclic derivative over the 6-chain structure was predominant, which is obviously associated with greater activity in the esterification reaction of primary alcohol than secondary. The screening results showed that the activity relative to wheat of the 1,3-dioxalane ester of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid is superior to the Octagon-Extra standard. With respect to peas, derivatives of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2,2-dimethyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane are close to the standard for inhibition of shoot mass. The results of N-benzyl-N-[(2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl) methyl] -2-phenoxyacetamide and N-[(2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl) methyl]-N-(1,3-dioxolan-4-ylmethyl)-2-phenoxyacetamide with respect to peas and wheat also showed a marked herbicidal effect, close in value to the reference one. The test results of synthesized benzamides on wheat showed that, at a concentration of 100 mg/l, the compounds act approximately the same as the reference preparation at a dose of 50 mg/l. The obtained results prove the prospects of creating herbicidal preparations based on phenoxy- chlorides and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acids containing 1,3-dioxacycloalkane fragments. Therefore, these objects are very attractive for further study and synthesis of biologically active compounds containing the above pharmacophore groups.
THE INFLUENCE OF POWDER SHUNGYTES ON PROPERTIES OF OIL-AND BENZO RESISTANT RUBBERS
Authors: Ushmarin Nikolay F. , Efimovskii Egor G. , Petrova Nina N. , Sandalov Sergei I. , Kol'tsov Nikolay I.
Published: January 2019

In the article two rubber mixtures are studied: rubber 7NO-68-1SK based on a combination of butadiene-nitrile caoutchouc BNKS-18AMN with chloroprene caoutchouc neoprene W and rubber 81-453 based on a combination of butadiene-nitrile caoutchouc BNKS-40AMN, butadiene caoutchouc SKD, butadiene-methylstyrene caoutchouc SKMS-30 ARK and sevilene 11808-340. The purpose of the study was to improve the physical-mechanical and operational properties of both rubber mixtures by using fine powdered schungites Taurit TS-D, Psh-5 and PSH-20 in their composition. To assess the kinetics of vulcanization of rubber mixtures, the following were determined: the minimum and maximum torques; start time, optimum time, time achieving maximum vulcanization rate and maximum of vulcanization rate. To assess the physical-mechanical properties, we determined: the conditional tensile strength; elongation at break; hardness and relative residual deformation after compression. To evaluate the performance properties of rubbers, the following was determined: the change in the relative tensile strength; change in elongation at break and change in mass after aging of vulcanizates in a standard liquid SZHR-1, isooctane + toluene mixture, as well as in gasoline and industrial oil I-20A. It is shown that for the rubber mixture 7-NO-68-1SK a partial replacement of carbon blacks P 803 on the schungite PSH-5 in an amount of 15 parts by weight leads to an improvement in the rheometric parameters, physico-mechanical and operational properties of vulcanizates. For the rubber mixture 81-453, partial replacement of the persil 175 on shungite PSH-5 also allows improving the rheometric properties and increasing the physico-mechanical and operational parameters.
ELECTRON PARAMETERS OF 1,1,1 – TRILUOROALKANES
Authors: Kotomkin Alexey V. , Rusakova Natalia P. , Turovtsev Vladimir V. , Orlov Yuriy D.
Published: January 2019

On the basis of quantum-chemical calculations the properties of trifluoro-substituted hydrocarbon molecules CnH2n+1-CF3 (n ≤ 9) received from their electron density distribution were considered. The geometry optimization of ten structures was carried out. The surfaces of zero flow electron charge density gradient were specified, and the basins of atomic groups and fluorine atoms were found. The electron integral parameters (charges q(R), energies E(R) and volumes V(R)) of atomic groups in trifluoroalkane molecules were calculated and analyzed. The relationship between the length of the hydrocarbon chains and the transferability of the properties of the selected groups (CF3, CH3, CH2) was revealed, that is reflected in their transferable parameters. For the studied homologous series the qualitative group electronegativity scale was made up and inductive effect (I - effect) of fluorine containing group was considered. The attenuation of I – effect in CnH2n+1-CF3 (n ≥ 6) within molecular fragments CF3-(CH2)4 and CH3-CH2 was identified. In this regard, the appearance of the «unperturbed» CH2 group was registered at n > 6. The «standard» (or «transferable») value of the total group energy E(R) was introduced and computing of the relative group energy ΔE(R) was described. It was shown, that the reduction of the volumes of the nearest СН2 to the СF3 was caused by the electron density redistribution. The comparative analysis of the group charges q(R) in CnH2n+1-CF3 (n ≤ 9) with corresponding q(R) in monofluorine alkanes, monofluorine alkane radicals, difluorine alkanes and difluorine alkane radicals was performed. The comparison of the charges of relevant groups and fluorine-containing fragments of the fluoro-substituted nonane and their radicals was presented as graphic dependence, which provides an understanding of the attenuation of I – effect from СF3.
Use of laryngeal mask after repeated endotracheal intubation failure in a patient with tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica: case report
Authors: Kim Sang Gyun , Kim Hyun , Son Jong Chul , Lee Ji-Hyang , An Jihyun , Kim Eunju
Published: January 2019

We report a case of difficult endotracheal intubation in a patient with tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica. A 65-year-old man was scheduled to undergo ulnar nerve decompression and ganglion excisional biopsy under general anesthesia. During induction of general anesthesia, an endotracheal tube could not be advanced through the vocal cords due to resistance. A large number of nodules were identified below the vocal cords using a Glidescope® video-laryngoscopy, and fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed irregular nodules on the surface of the entire trachea and the main bronchus below the vocal cords. Use of a small endotracheal tube was attempted and failed. a laryngeal mask airway (LMA Supreme ™) rather than further intubation was successfully used to maintain the airway.
Creating a Library Publishing Program for Scholarly Books: Your Options Are Limited
Authors: Hawkins Kevin Scott
Published: January 2019

Publishing programs in academic libraries vary in their scope, offerings, and business models. Despite the many forms that these programs take, I have argued in the past that various factors constrain the design of a start-up publishing operation. In this commentary, I discuss in greater depth the key questions to be addressed before establishing a library publishing program for scholarly books, arguing that the viable options are in fact quite limited.
Checklist to the Elatostema (Urticaceae) of Vietnam including 19 new records, ten new combinations, two new names and four new synonyms
Authors: Fu Long-Fei , Monro Alex , Do Truong Van , Nuraliev Maxim S. , Averyanov Leonid V. , Wen Fang , Xin Zi-Bing , Maisak Tatiana V. , Kuznetsov Andrey N. , Kuznetsova Svetlana P. , Nguyen Khang Sinh , Wei Yi-Gang
Published: January 2019

Elatostema (Urticaceae) comprises several hundred herbaceous species distributed in tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia, Australia and Oceania. The greatest species richness occurs on limestone karst in Southeast Asia. Taxonomic revisions of Elatostema are largely out of date and contradict each other with respect to the delimitation of Elatostema and Pellionia. Most herbaria in SE Asia and worldwide contain significant amounts of unidentified material. As part of a broader revision of Elatostema in SE Asia, we present an updated checklist for Vietnam based on field visits, a review of specimens in herbaria worldwide, a review of type material and nomenclature. We recognize 77 taxa (75 species and two infraspecific taxa) of Elatostema in Vietnam, 23 of which were previously ascribed to Pellionia. Nineteen of these are new records for the country, i.e., E. attenuatoides, E. austrosinense, E. backeri, E. brunneinerve, E. crassiusculum, E. crenatum, E. fengshanense, E. glochidioides, E. malacotrichum, E. nanchuanense, E. oblongifolium, E. obtusum, E. oppositum, E. pergameneum, E. prunifolium, E. pseudolongipes, E. pycnodontum, E. salvinioides and E. xichouense. We place E. baviensis in synonymy of E. platyphyllum, E. colaniae in synonymy of E. myrtillus, P. macroceras in synonymy of E. hookerianum, and P. tetramera in synonymy of E. dissectum for the first time. Fourteen taxa (18% of all the recognized taxa) are endemic to Vietnam, which makes Elatostema one of the richest genera for endemic species in this country; this level of endemism is comparable to levels observed in Orchidaceae. Our checklist suggests that the highest diversity and endemism of Elatostema occurs in northern Vietnam, and that there is the greatest floristic similarity of northern Vietnam to SW China. The relationship among floristic regions is also investigated. We could find no records of Elatostema for 33 out of 63 provincial units of Vietnam, including all the southernmost provinces. We propose that further studies on the diversity of Elatostema in central and southern Vietnam are severely needed.
Different ecological processes determined the alpha and beta components of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity for plant communities in dryland regions of Northwest China
Authors: Wang Jianming , Chen Chen , Li Jingwen , Feng Yiming , Lu Qi
Published: January 2019

Drylands account for more than 30% of China’s terrestrial area, while the ecological drivers of taxonomic (TD), functional (FD) and phylogenetic (PD) diversity in dryland regions have not been explored simultaneously. Therefore, we selected 36 plots of desert and 32 plots of grassland (10 × 10 m) from a typical dryland region of northwest China. We calculated the alpha and beta components of TD, FD and PD for 68 dryland plant communities using Rao quadratic entropy index, which included 233 plant species. Redundancy analyses and variation partitioning analyses were used to explore the relative influence of environmental and spatial factors on the above three facets of diversity, at the alpha and beta scales. We found that soil, climate, topography and spatial structures (principal coordinates of neighbor matrices) were significantly correlated with TD, FD and PD at both alpha and beta scales, implying that these diversity patterns are shaped by contemporary environment and spatial processes together. However, we also found that alpha diversity was predominantly regulated by spatial structure, whereas beta diversity was largely determined by environmental variables. Among environmental factors, TD was most strongly correlated with climatic factors at the alpha scale, while with soil factors at the beta scale. FD was only significantly correlated with soil factors at the alpha scale, but with altitude, soil and climatic factors at the beta scale. In contrast, PD was more strongly correlated with altitude at the alpha scale, but with soil factors at the beta scale. Environment and space explained a smaller portion of variance in PD than in TD and FD. These results provide robust evidence that the ecological drivers of biodiversity differ among different scales and facets of diversity. Future research that focuses on the comparisons among TD, FD and PD would likely provide new insights into elucidating the underlying community assembly.
MicroRNA-705 regulates the differentiation of mouse mandible bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Yang Xiao Hong , Yang Kun , An Yu Lin , Wang Li Bo , Luo Guo , Hu Xiao Hua
Published: January 2019

The craniofacial skeleton is the foundation of most stomatological treatments, including prosthodontics and maxillofacial surgery. Although histologically similar to the appendicular skeleton, the craniofacial skeleton manifests many unique properties in response to external stimuli and signals. However, the mandibular or maxillary bone marrow mesenchyme, which is the intrinsic foundation of the functions of craniofacial skeleton, has not been well studied, and its homeostasis mechanism remains elusive. Osteoporosis is a systemic disease that affects all skeletons and is characterized by bone mass loss. Osteoporotic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) exhibit disturbed homeostasis and distorted lineage commitment. Many reports have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in regulating MSCs homeostasis. Here, to obtain a better understanding of mandibular bone marrow MSCs homeostasis, we isolated and cultured mandible marrow MSCs from mouse mandibles. Using miR-705 mimics and an inhibitor, we demonstrated that miR-705 played a vital role in shifting the mandibular MSCs lineage commitment in vitro. Utilizing an osteoporosis mouse model, we demonstrated that MSCs from ovariectomized (OVX) mouse mandibular bone marrow exhibited impaired osteogenic and excessive adipogenic differentiation. miR-705 was found overexpressed in OVX mandibular MSCs. The knock down of miR-705 in vitro partially attenuated the differentiation disorder of the OVX mandibular MSCs by upregulating the expression of osteogenic marker genes but suppressing adipogenic genes. Taken together, our findings provide a better understanding of the homeostasis mechanism of mandibular BMMSCs and a novel potential therapeutic target for treating mandibular osteoporosis.
The Homeland of Stereotypes
Authors: Keramatfar Hossein
Published: January 2019

Following the vigorous critique of orientalism, orientalist discourse had employed complex strategies to create ambivalent non-Western stereotypes. The earlier fixed oriental characters were often discarded; they were instead accorded certain amounts of flexibility. However, the fact was that despite such changes and these less negative images, orientalist discourse continued producing the Oriental other to perpetuate Western domination. In fact, it simply drew upon old repertoire of stereotypes, recycled them, and produced new ones; only care was taken that they did not sound as markedly negative as the old ones. The present paper sought to investigate how the American TV series Homeland (2011-) repeated the imperialist claims of the orientalist discourse by presenting a range of oriental character types, from the classic Muslim terrorist to some less negative characters. It employed “Negative formulas” to produce more ambivalent stereotypes to reinforce the alleged essential superiority of America. The series staged the character of the captive mind as the ideal oriental type to be imitated by all Orientals. The paper also demonstrated that how Homeland employed the orientalist theme of nativization, again only to prove the eventual un-contaminability and superiority of the West. Islam and Iran were the particular targets of Homeland’s stereotyping.
ANÁLISE DOS SERVIÇOS DE REFERÊNCIA VIRTUAIS “RESEARCH HELP NOW” E “ASKAWAY”
Authors: Schweitzer Fernanda , Felício Joana Carla , Da Silva Patrícia Régis , De Souza Flávia Da Silva
Published: January 2019

Discorre sobre serviços de referência virtuais. Aponta algumas características dos serviços de referência virtuais “Research Help Now” e “Askaway”. Analisa e compara estes serviços utilizando como parâmetros os critérios de qualidade para avaliação de fontes de informação na Internet, propostos por Tomaél et al. (2001). Evidencia o papel do profissional bibliotecário nesta atividade. Conclui que cada vez mais o profissional da informação deve estar preparado para executar sua função em novos ambientes de trabalho, com novas ferramentas.
MENSAGENS PUBLICITÁRIAS RESSIGNIFICANDO SENTIDOS NA PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA DE FORMAÇÃO DO BIBLIOTECÁRIO
Authors: Da Cunha Vanda Angélica
Published: January 2019

Relata experiência desenvolvida no Instituto de Ciência da Informação da Universidade Federal da Bahia utilizando textos publicitários como prática pedagógica para a educação profissional. Está sintonizada com o paradigma da educação do século XXI baseada nos pilares: aprender a conhecer, aprender a fazer, aprender a viver juntos e aprender a ser. Tem por objetivo incentivar a construção do conhecimento do papel da Biblioteconomia na sociedade contemporânea, na perspectiva de utilizar recurso idêntico na disseminação desse conhecimento ampliando o acesso e uso de informação e bibliotecas. Utiliza como metodologia a releitura de mensagens publicitárias em que texto e imagem são associados a conteúdos de sala de aula e atividades extra-classe, estimulando a criatividade, o espírito crítico e a re-criação de textos que convergem para a socialização do conhecimento na comunidade do Instituto de Ciência da Informação. Os resultados se revelam positivos no discurso dos alunos envolvidos, comprovados por instrumento de pesquisa utilizado para esse fim. A prática é avaliada nos pontos fortes e fracos para assegurar melhor desempenho futuro e possível inserção no Projeto Pedagógico da Unidade de Ensino.
HACIA UNA BIBLIOTECONOMÍA RESPONSABLE SOCIALMENTE
Authors: Morillo Calero María Jesús
Published: January 2019

En la actualidad múltiples peligros se ciernen sobre las bibliotecas, peligros que atentan contra su misma esencia de servicio público a la ciudadanía, para cubrir sus necesidades de acceso a la información, la cultura y el conocimiento. Combatir estas amenazas debe formar parte de la agenda de la biblioteconomía internacional y también de la actividad diaria de los profesionales. Se debe poner en cuestión las pretendidas posturas de neutralidad ideológica que no esconden sino una toma de posición política hacia la parte más privilegiada de la sociedad. Se muestra aquí cómo muchas de las organizaciones más relevantes en este campo ya lo están haciendo desde hace años y cómo existen múltiples asociaciones que han defendido esta toma de posición orientada a lo social, que debe ser contemplada en los curricula de los Departamentos Universitarios de Biblioteconomía y Documentación.
O ARQUIVISTA COMO GESTOR DE FONTES PRIMÁRIAS PARA O FOMENTO DA PRODUÇÃO INTELECTUAL
Authors: Erthal Daniele
Published: January 2019

Este artigo tem o objetivo de desvelar, na perspectiva do valor permanente, a importância das fontes primárias para a pesquisa, para o desenvolvimento das instituições. E demonstrar a importância da atuação do profissional arquivista na manutenção da organicidade dessa riqueza que surge naturalmente no interior das instituições, seja como dados relacionados que constituirão a estrutura informacional, ou ainda numa perspectiva mais abrangente e profunda na configuração do conhecimento. Da mesma forma como os documentos surgem organicamente e contribuem para a configuração complexa do conhecimento, também emerge a necessidade de preservar as fontes primárias e o respeito ao fundo de arquivo desde a sua origem até a destinação final em diferentes formatos e suportes. Pois, na medida que se mantém esse ciclo é possível fazer emergir dele preciosidades a partir das leituras feitas por diferentes segmentos do conhecimento humano.