bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensory Prioritization in Rats: Behavioral Performance and Neuronal Correlates
Authors: Lee Conrad C.Y. , Diamond Mathew E. , Arabzadeh Ehsan
Published: March 2016

Operating with some finite quantity of processing resources, an animal would benefit from prioritizing the sensory modality expected to provide key information in a particular context. The present study investigated whether rats dedicate attentional resources to the sensory modality in which a near-threshold event is more likely to occur. We manipulated attention by controlling the likelihood with which a stimulus was presented from one of two modalities. In a whisker session, 80% of trials contained a brief vibration stimulus applied to whiskers and the remaining 20% of trials contained a brief change of luminance. These likelihoods were reversed in a visual session. When a stimulus was presented in the high-likelihood context, detection performance increased and was faster compared with the same stimulus presented in the low-likelihood context. Sensory prioritization was also reflected in neuronal activity in the vibrissal area of primary somatosensory cortex: single units responded differentially to the whisker vibration stimulus when presented with higher probability compared with lower probability. Neuronal activity in the vibrissal cortex displayed signatures of multiplicative gain control and enhanced response to vibration stimuli during the whisker session. In conclusion, rats allocate priority to the more likely stimulus modality and the primary sensory cortex may participate in the redistribution of resources.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDetection of low-amplitude events is critical to survival; for example, to warn prey of predators. To formulate a response, decision-making systems must extract minute neuronal signals from the sensory modality that provides key information. Here, we identify the behavioral and neuronal correlates of sensory prioritization in rats. Rats were trained to detect whisker vibrations or visual flickers. Stimuli were embedded in two contexts in which either visual or whisker modality was more likely to occur. When a stimulus was presented in the high-likelihood context, detection was faster and more reliable. Neuronal recording from the vibrissal cortex revealed enhanced representation of vibrations in the prioritized context. These results establish the rat as an alternative model organism to primates for studying attention.
More Docked Vesicles and Larger Active Zones at Basket Cell-to-Granule Cell Synapses in a Rat Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Buckmaster Paul S. , Yamawaki Ruth , Thind Khushdev
Published: March 2016

Temporal lobe epilepsy is a common and challenging clinical problem, and its pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. One possibility is insufficient inhibition in the hippocampal formation where seizures tend to initiate. Normally, hippocampal basket cells provide strong and reliable synaptic inhibition at principal cell somata. In a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy, basket cell-to-granule cell (BC→GC) synaptic transmission is more likely to fail, but the underlying cause is unknown. At some synapses, probability of release correlates with bouton size, active zone area, and number of docked vesicles. The present study tested the hypothesis that impaired GABAergic transmission at BC→GC synapses is attributable to ultrastructural changes. Boutons making axosomatic symmetric synapses in the granule cell layer were reconstructed from serial electron micrographs. BC→GC boutons were predicted to be smaller in volume, have fewer and smaller active zones, and contain fewer vesicles, including fewer docked vesicles. Results revealed the opposite. Compared with controls, epileptic pilocarpine-treated rats displayed boutons with over twice the average volume, active zone area, total vesicles, and docked vesicles and with more vesicles closer to active zones. Larger active zones in epileptic rats are consistent with previous reports of larger amplitude miniature IPSCs and larger BC→GC quantal size. Results of this study indicate that transmission failures at BC→GC synapses in epileptic pilocarpine-treated rats are not attributable to smaller boutons or fewer docked vesicles. Instead, processes following vesicle docking, including priming, Ca2+entry, or Ca2+coupling with exocytosis, might be responsible.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOne in 26 people develops epilepsy, and temporal lobe epilepsy is a common form. Up to one-third of patients are resistant to currently available treatments. This study tested a potential underlying mechanism for previously reported impaired inhibition in epileptic animals at basket cell-to-granule cell (BC→GC) synapses, which normally are reliable and strong. Electron microscopy was used to evaluate 3D ultrastructure of BC→GC synapses in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy. The hypothesis was that impaired synaptic transmission is attributable to smaller boutons, smaller synapses, and abnormally low numbers of synaptic vesicles. Results revealed the opposite. These findings suggest that impaired transmission at BC→GC synapses in epileptic rats is attributable to later steps in exocytosis following vesicle docking.
Mindfulness-Meditation-Based Pain Relief Is Not Mediated by Endogenous Opioids
Authors: Zeidan Fadel , Adler-Neal Adrienne L. , Wells Rebecca E. , Stagnaro Emily , May Lisa M. , Eisenach James C. , McHaffie John G. , Coghill Robert C.
Published: March 2016

Mindfulness meditation, a cognitive practice premised on sustaining nonjudgmental awareness of arising sensory events, reliably attenuates pain. Mindfulness meditation activates multiple brain regions that contain a high expression of opioid receptors. However, it is unknown whether mindfulness-meditation-based analgesia is mediated by endogenous opioids. The present double-blind, randomized study examined behavioral pain responses in healthy human volunteers during mindfulness meditation and a nonmanipulation control condition in response to noxious heat and intravenous administration of the opioid antagonist naloxone (0.15 mg/kg bolus + 0.1 mg/kg/h infusion) or saline placebo. Meditation during saline infusion significantly reduced pain intensity and unpleasantness ratings when compared to the control + saline group. However, naloxone infusion failed to reverse meditation-induced analgesia. There were no significant differences in pain intensity or pain unpleasantness reductions between the meditation + naloxone and the meditation + saline groups. Furthermore, mindfulness meditation during naloxone produced significantly greater reductions in pain intensity and unpleasantness than the control groups. These findings demonstrate that mindfulness meditation does not rely on endogenous opioidergic mechanisms to reduce pain.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTEndogenous opioids have been repeatedly shown to be involved in the cognitive inhibition of pain. Mindfulness meditation, a practice premised on directing nonjudgmental attention to arising sensory events, reduces pain by engaging mechanisms supporting the cognitive control of pain. However, it remains unknown if mindfulness-meditation-based analgesia is mediated by opioids, an important consideration for using meditation to treat chronic pain. To address this question, the present study examined pain reports during meditation in response to noxious heat and administration of the opioid antagonist naloxone and placebo saline. The results demonstrate that meditation-based pain relief does not require endogenous opioids. Therefore, the treatment of chronic pain may be more effective with meditation due to a lack of cross-tolerance with opiate-based medications.
Cardinal Orientation Selectivity Is Represented by Two Distinct Ganglion Cell Types in Mouse Retina
Authors: Nath Amurta , Schwartz Gregory W.
Published: March 2016

Orientation selectivity (OS) is a prominent and well studied feature of early visual processing in mammals, but recent work has highlighted the possibility that parallel OS circuits might exist in multiple brain locations. Although both classic and modern work has identified an OS mechanism in selective wiring from lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) to primary visual cortex, OS responses have now been found upstream of cortex in mouse LGN and superior colliculus, suggesting a possible origin in the retina. Indeed, retinal OS responses have been reported for decades in rabbit and more recently in mouse. However, we still know very little about the properties and mechanisms of retinal OS in the mouse, including whether there is a distinct OS ganglion cell type, which orientations are represented, and what are the synaptic mechanisms of retinal OS. We have identified two novel types of OS ganglion cells in the mouse retina that are highly selective for horizontal and vertical cardinal orientations. Reconstructions of the dendritic trees of these OS ganglion cells and measurements of their synaptic conductances offer insights into the mechanism of the OS computation at the earliest stage of the visual system.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOrientation selectivity (OS) is one of the most well studied computations in the brain and has become a prominent model system in various areas of sensory neuroscience. Although the cortical mechanism of OS suggested by Hubel and Wiesel (1962) has been investigated intensely, other OS cells exist upstream of cortex as early as the retina and the mechanisms of OS in subcortical regions are much less well understood. We identified two ON retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in mouse that compute OS along the horizontal (nasal–temporal) and vertical (dorsoventral) axes of visual space. We show the relationship between dendritic morphology and OS for each RGC type and reveal new synaptic mechanisms of OS computation in the retina.
Traditional Art Kayori as An Identity of Taa Society in District of Tojo Una-Una in Globalization Era
Authors: Hasan Abdul Rasyid
Published: March 2016

Kayori is someone’s or group’s statement expressed civilly in a particular time, so that the messages delivered are easily internalized and understood to nod in agreement. This research intends to identify form, function, and meaning contained in kayori traditional art of Taa society. This research employed qualitative method with a cultural approach. The results of this study portray that kayori performance periodically held is an introduction media in increasing public awareness. Kayori, embracing aesthetic values, functions to diffuse moral and aesthetic aspects to the society. Education in kayori tradition follows the regeneration process in to society orientating towards the new roles for young generation to maintain their cultural heritages. Kayori tradition implies valuable meaning of life and provides chance in understanding historical cultural heritages in tackling down recent issues in Taa society.
Jogja Fashion Week Carnival Costume in The Context of Locality
Authors: Setiawan Deni
Published: March 2016

Jogja Fashion Week Carnival (JFWC) is held in order to promote the development of costume creative industry in Indonesia, especially in Yogyakarta. Woven and batik (Javanese traditional fabric) as products of Indonesia is reproduced into art costumes. It may add the value of both the product and the price of the product itself as the core of the continuity of the creative industry economy in Indonesia. The eastern value of the costume design worn during the carnival may reflect the traditional value of society. The concept of the costume making is rooted from Indonesia folklores, legends and myths that are still being developed in present society. Throughout the event, exploration done by the artists is seen as a genuine attempt to support the Government in promoting costume industry both in national and international scale. Costumes worn in JFWC were analysed using aesthetic theory by adopting the point of view of DeWitt Henry Parker. The point of view comprises three main aesthetic principles, i.e.: an intact unity, thematic principle, as well as balance principle. Those three concepts can be used to find out the basic locality value of a costume that later can be used as the art education’s source of material. Finally, it is concluded that the theme of JFWC costume creation concept is sourced from the rich tradition of Indonesian society. 
PERBAIKAN KESALAHAN KONSEP PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH MELALUI METODE PEMECAHAN MASALAH DAN DISKUSI
Authors: Pramono Suwito Eko
Published: March 2016

History learning as an implementation of history education has a strategic value in achieving the objective of national education. Unfortunately, history learning has not played its role optimally. History learning has not been implemented yet based on the appropriate concepts of history education. Could the method of problem solving and discussion improve history learning so that it can be suitable with the concept of history education? The research employed three cycles. The collection of preliminary data used observation and test. The evaluation was conducted in the end of each cycle to trace the improvement of student capability in understanding the concept of history education as well as capability of solving currentâ€™s problem. The conclusion of the research showed that the method of problem solving and discussion are effective enough to correct the misconception of history education and they are also suitable for improving student capability to solve currentâ€™s problems.

Keywords: misconception, teaching history, problem solving, discussion.

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Pembelajaran sejarah sebagai pelaksanaan pendidikan sejarah memiliki arti strategis dalam mencapai tujuan pendidikan nasional. Sayangnya, pembelajaran sejarah belum dapat memainkan perannya secara optimal. Pembelajaran sejarah belum dilaksanakan berdasarkan konsep-konsep pendidikan sejarah yang tepat. Dapatkah metode pemecahan masalah dan diskusi dapat memperbaiki pembelajaran sejarah yang sesuai dengan konsep pendidikan sejarah? Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga siklus. Pengumpulan data awal menggunakan observasi dan tes. Untuk melacak peningkatan kemampuan siswa dalam memahami konsep pendidikan sejarah dan memecahkan masalah yang terjadi pada saat ini, dilakukan evaluasi pada setiap akhir siklus. Sebagai kesimpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode pemecahan masalah dan diskusi cukup efektif untuk memperbaiki kesalahan konsep pendidikan sejarah dan kedua metode itu cocok untuk meningkatkan kemampuan siswa untuk memecahkan masalah yang terjadi pada saat ini.

Kata kunci: kesalahpahaman, pengajaran sejarah, pemecahan masalah, diskusi.

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Límites de velocidad: Una mirada desde la ecología conductual
Authors: Leandro Mauricio
Published: March 2016

Se discute el caso de la alta velocidad en las vías públicas como una conducta insostenible, facilitada por deficientes condiciones de diseño. Se sugiere además un cambio en la forma que se calculan las velocidades máximas con el fin de incorporar democráticamente a los distintos grupos de usuarios de las vías y se recomienda para ello un enfoque ecológico al problema de la alta velocidad.
Una guía de diagnóstico rápido para determinar el potencial de pago por servicios ecosistémicos hídricos en microcuencas hidrográficas
Authors: Huertas German , Jiménez Francisco
Published: March 2016

La guía se basa en cuatro componentes de análisis: condiciones de oferta y de demanda por servicios ecosistémicos hídricos, gobernabilidad y marco institucional; para cada uno de los cuales se establecen y evalúan criterios e indicadores. Este diagnóstico rápido perimite definir las acciones inmediatas necesarias para superar las debilidades de los componentes y fortalecer las condiciones para el diseño e implementación de un esquema de pago por servicios ecosistémicos hídricos (PSEH). Los resultados de la aplicación y validación de la guía demuestran que, en general, la microcuenca del río Reventado, en Cartago, Costa Rica, presenta condiciones favorables para el diseño e implementación de un esquema de PSEH.
Se identificaron y priorizaron, de manera participativa, algunas acciones inmediatas que deberían ser implementadas para desarrollar un PSEH en esta microcuenca.
La tortuga marina negra de Guanacaste amenazada de extinción por prácticas humanas
Authors: Blanco Gabriela , Santidrián Pilar
Published: March 2016

Este  trabajo tiene como objetivo dar a conocer las acciones humanas que amenazan de extinción a la tortuga verde del Pacífico o tortuga negra (Chelonia mydas). Se realizó un relevamiento para conocer las playas donde ocurre anidación de tortugas negras en la costa norte de Guanacaste y se registraron amenazas encontradas durante estos recorridos. Al mismo tiempo se realizaron observaciones en playas donde se estaban realizando proyectos de investigación. Las principales playas de anidación para esta especie fueron Nombre de Jesús, Zapotillal, Blanca, Matapalo, Prieta y Cabuyal. Las amenazas detectadas fueron: recolección ilegal de huevos, desarrollo de playas de anidación y turismo sin control. Costa Rica posee el segundo sitio de anidación en importancia conocido para esta especie en el océano Pacífico y las playas de mayor importancia para la especie carecen de protección. Aumentar el control en estas playas y en las aguas adyacentes es esencial para preservar a esta población de tortugas negras de la extinción.  
Clasificación de residuos químicos en laboratorios de la Universidad Nacional
Authors: Mora José Carlos , Benavides David
Published: March 2016

Durante 2008-2010 se generaron inventarios de residuos químicos en los laboratorios de la Universidad Nacional. La solicitud de la generación de cada inventario  se realizó formalmente a cada coordinador de laboratorio de investigación y docencia. Con la información obtenida se clasificaron los residuos en nueve clases, permitiendo esto el desarrollo de patrones de distribución y tasas de generación de los residuos. Además, se identificaron las clases de residuos de mayor y menor generación, así como procedimientos y reactivos utilizados, fuente de las diferentes clases de residuos. Se concluye que una adecuada clasificación de residuos es la base para implementar un ambiente seguro de trabajo, permitiendo minimizar costos administrativos, económicos, legales, de seguridad y técnicos, relacionados con la atención a emergencias químicas y ambientales, entre otros; así como para el desarrollo y aplicación de  prácticas de trabajo preventivas.
Lista anotada de publicaciones sobre humedales de la cuenca del Tempisque en el Sistema de Bibliotecas de la Organización para Estudios Tropicales
Authors: Aguilar Susana , Rivera Jennifer , Sasa Mahmood
Published: March 2016

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Islamic Law in the Pancasila State
Authors: Muslimin JM
Published: March 2016

Abstrak: Hukum Islam di Negara Pancasila. Menurut al-Mâwardî dan Ibn Taymiyyah, konsep asal penerapan hukum Islam terletak pada kemestian adanya negara Islam. Tetapi, kenyataannya konsep negara Islam itu sendiri bervariasi dari waktu ke waktu. Maka, konsep yang final dan nyata tidaklah jelas wujudnya. Dengan kata lain, dapat dikatakan bahwa dalam praktiknya hukum Islam dapat diterapkan di manapun selaras dengan konteks sosio-kultural serta perkembangan dan kemajuan. Republik Indonesia adalah contoh yang baik bagaimana hukum Islam dapat diterapkan. Meski negara secara esensial tetap dalam kondisi sekuler, ide tentang penerapan syariah tidaklah secara ekstrem dilarang. Yang perlu dicatat adalah ide tersebut haruslah diperdebatkan dalam ranah publik, sehingga secara alamiah diketahui bahwa negara Pancasila memiliki batasnya sendiri untuk dapat mengakomodasi syariah di satu pihak, dan di pihak lain syariah sendiri merasakan keperluan adanya batasan tersebut dengan memperhatikan konteks Indonesia.Kata Kunci: Pancasila, khilâfah, sekuler, perdebatanAbstract: Islamic Law in the Pancasila State. According to al-Mâwardî and Ibn Taymiyyah the original concept of applying Islamic law lies on the existence of Islamic state. But, the concept of the Islamic state varies from time to time. Thus, the final and real concept always remains unclear. It can be said that in practical sense, Islamic law can be implemented anywhere in accordance with the socio-cultural context and its progress and development. The Republic of Indonesia is a good example of how shariah can be applied. Despite the State remaining relatively secular, in essence, the idea of the application of shariah is not strictly excluded. Nevertheless, these concepts should be debated in public until it is widely known that the Pancasila state is limited in accommodating shariah on the one hand and how shariah can be practised freely by the Indonesian Islamic society on the other.Keywords: Pancasila, khilâfah, secular, debateDOI: 10.15408/ajis.v12i1.976
Menakar Keadilan Hukum Waris Islam Melalui Pendekatan Teks dan Konteks al-Nushûsh
Authors: Suma Muhammad Amin
Published: March 2016

Abstract: Measuring the Justice of Islamic Inheritance Law by Drawing upon the Text and Context of al-Nushûsh. Accusations against the Islamic inheritance distribution system are surfacing again. Several groups are finding fault with the 2:1 distribution for Islamic inheritors. They suggest this distribution method be converted into 1:1, like it is in the Western system of inheritance and like it is to some extent in Adat inheritance law. This study points out that theoretically Islamic inheritance law looks very clear, comprehensive and fair, from whatever angle you look at it. This takes into account, in a balanced way, the distributions that use the 2:1 approach for joint male and female heirs. The key to understanding this is inheritance has to be treated entirely as a sub-system of the family law system, and even has to be understood as an integral part of the whole Islamic legal system, which is sound and comprehensive.Keywords: justice, inheritance law, textual, al-nushûshAbstrak: Menakar Keadilan Hukum Waris Islam Melalui Pendekatan Teks dan Konteks al-Nushûsh. Gugatan mengenai sistem pembagian kewarisan Islam kembali muncul ke permukaan. Beberapa kalangan mempermasalahkan perimbangan waris Islam 2:1. Mereka menawarkan metode perimbangan ini menjadi 1:1, sebagaimana pada sistem hukum kewarisan Barat dan sebagian hukum kewarisan Adat.  Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa dari sisi mana pun hukum kewarisan Islam secara teoretik tampak sangat jelas, lengkap, dan adil. Termasuk dalam konteks perimbangan pembagiannya yang menggunakan pendekatan 2:1 untuk ahli waris laki-laki dan ahli waris perempuan. Kunci untuk memahaminya harus menempatkan posisi kewarisan sebagai sub sistem dari sistem hukum keluarga secara keseluruhan bahkan harus dipahami sebagai bagian integral dari keseluruhan sistem hukum Islam yang bersifat utuh dan menyeluruh.Kata Kunci: keadilan, hukum kewarisan, tekstual, al-nushûshDOI: 10.15408/ajis.v12i1.965
LOYALITAS KAUM SUFI TERHADAP SYARIAT
Authors: Sajari Dimyati
Published: March 2016

Loyalty Sufis against Shari’ah. In the history of Islam, the Sufis always received criticism from some scholars that they ignore the laws of Sharia. Sufis are considered more priority the inner problem than Shari’a law. This paper proves that the criticism is not always true. The majority of the Sufis still loyal and running the Shari’a law. Even many Sufis who follow the habit of the Prophet until the small things that are not considered essential. Although a small group of Sufis who ignore the law, who are a small part of the malâmatiyyah, but this can not be generalized for all Sufis.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v14i1.1249
دليل نجاح المجتهدين في الستنباط
Authors: Mukhlas Shofiyullah
Published: March 2016

Success of Mujtahid in al-Istinbât. One cause of the emergence of the difference of opinion and legal fatwa toward events is the difference in the level of understanding of expert ulama in fiqh in comprehending phenomena altogether. Ijtihad is able to function at maximum if the conditions are fulfilled satisfactorily. The necessity for a systematic method and certain requirements in undertaking ijtihad does not mean limiting that ijtihad rather that legal product is not created from a instant process. The thinking of mujtahid whose systematic method is still a source of reference and inspiration to this day. Although there is a difference of opinion among them, all are easily analysed until the points are concluded. This paper also includes some verification methods of mujtahids and legal confusion which was has been instantly established.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v14i1.1252
Cognitive and Behavioral Outcomes of Intrauterine Growth Restriction School-Age Children
Authors: Chen Juncao , Chen Pingyang , Bo Tao , Luo Kaiju
Published: March 2016

CONTEXT:

Children who experienced intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) may be at increased risk for adverse neurologic developmental outcomes during the school-age years of life.

OBJECTIVE:

To estimate the effect of IUGR on cognition and behavior in school-aged children.

DATA SOURCES:

Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO were searched for English-language articles published after 1980.

DATA SELECTION

We included case-control studies reporting cognitive and/or behavioral data of children who had IUGR and were evaluated afterfifth birthday.

DATA EXTRACTION:

Cognitive data from 15 studies and behavioral data from 6 studies were selected with a total of 1559 cases and 1630 controls. The cognitive scores and behavioral outcomes were extracted.

RESULTS:

The controls had significantly higher cognitive scores than the children with IUGR (standardized mean difference [SMD] –0.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] –0.51 to –0.25, P < .00001). The IQ scores of the IUGR group were not significantly correlated with mean birth weight and gestational age (P > .05). Five trials were included in the behavioral outcomes trial, the behavior scores were significantly different between the groups with and without IUGR (SMD 0.31, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.48, P = .001). The incidence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was not significantly different between 2 groups (P = .11).

LIMITATIONS:

The number of studies that assessed behavioral and ADHD outcome is small.

CONCLUSIONS:

The findings demonstrate that IUGR is associated with lower cognitive scores in school-age children. However, further large-scale trials are needed to assess the effects of IUGR on the outcome of behavioral disorder and ADHD.
HEPATOCELIULINĖS KARCINOMOS GYDYMO TRANSARTERINE CHEMOEMBOLIZACIJA DOKSORUBICINU IMPREGNUOTOMIS MIKROSFEROMIS (DEB TACE) LIETUVOS SVEIKATOS MOKSLŲ UNIVERSITETO LIGONINĖJE KAUNO KLINIKOSE ANALIZĖ
Authors: Pranculis Andrius , Kievišas Mantas , Kievišienė Lina , Leonavičiūtė Ingrida , Ivanauskas Audrius , Vanagas Tomas
Published: March 2016

Tikslas. Išanalizuoti transarterinės chemoembolizacijos doksorubicinu impregnuotomis mikrosferomis (DEB TACE) būdu dėl hepatoceliulinės karcinomos gydytų pacientų gydymo išeitis Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto ligoninėje Kauno klinikose (LSMUL KK). Tyrimo medžiaga ir metodai. Atliktas retrospektyvinis tyrimas, įtraukta 20 HCC sergančių ir DEB TACE gydytų pacientų. Visiems pacientams nuo 2012 m. birželio mėn. iki 2015 m. kovo mėn. LSMUL KK atliktos superselektyvios DEB TACE procedūros naudojant doksorubicinu impregnuotas „Embozene TANDEM®“ („CeloNova“, „BioScience“, San Antonijus, JAV) mikrosferas. Gydymo išeitims vertinti analizuotas pacientų išgyvenamumas (mediana ir bendras išgyvenamumas), radiologinis atsakas į gydymą ir a-fetoproteino (AFP) koncentracijos pokytis lyginant reikšmes prieš pirmąjį DEB TACE ciklą ir po jo. Radiologiniam atsakui vertinti taikyti modifikuoti solidinių navikų atsako į gydymą vertinimo kriterijai (mRECIST). Išgyvenamumas vertintas taikant Kaplano ir Mejerio (Kaplan-Meier) metodą. Rezultatai. Išgyvenamumo mediana nuo diagnozės datos ir nuo pirmosios DEB TACE buvo atitinkamai 31,5 ± 9 mėn. ir 19,5 ± 3,9 mėn., bendras išgyvenamumas po 6 mėn. – 100 proc. ir 93,3 proc., po 1 m. – 80 proc. ir 79 proc., po 2 m. – 56,1 proc. ir 29,6 proc. Objektyvus radiologinis atsakas po 1 ir 3 mėn. pasiektas atitinkamai 78,6 proc. ir 77,8 proc. AFP koncentracija serume po pirmosios DEB TACE sumažėjo statistiškai reikšmingai (p < 0,001). Bendras nepageidaujamų reiškinių dažnis – 23,5 proc. Išvados. Transarterinė chemoembolizacija doksorubicinu impregnuotomis mikrosferomis (DEB TACE) esant neoperabiliai hepotoceliulinei karcinomai yra gana saugi gydymo procedūra. DEB TACE galima pasiekti aukštą radiologinio atsako dažnį ir sąlyginai patenkinamą gyvenimo trukmę arba ši procedūra gali tapti tiltu į radikalesnį gydymą. Reikalingi tolesni tyrimai įvertinti šį daug žadantį gydymo metodą.
NEFROMETRIJOS SISTEMŲ R.E.N.A.L., P.A.D.U.A., C-INDEX VERTĖS PROGNOZUOJANT POOPERACINIUS REZULTATUS PO DALINĖS NEFREKTOMIJOS PALYGINIMAS
Authors: Juškevičius Matas , Siliūnaitė Jūratė , Bliūdžius Rytis , Basevičius Algidas , Mickevičius Ramūnas
Published: March 2016

Nefrometrijos sistemos – tai standartizuoti įrankiai, sukurti inkstų navikų sudėtingumui vertinti. Šie įrankiai gali suklasifikuoti inkstų navikus pagal objektyvius kriterijus. Yra pasiūlyta įvairių vertinimo metodikų, mes pasirinkome tris populiariausias ir patikrinome, kiek prognostinės vertės turi kiekviena iš jų mūsų populiacijoje. Darbo tikslas. Nustatyti ir įvertinti, kuri inkstų navikų vertinimo R.E.N.A.L., P.A.D.U.A. ir C-Index balų sistema yra patikimiausia prognozuojant klinikinius rezultatus pacientams po dalinės nefrektomijos, gydytiems Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto ligoninės, Kauno klinikų, Urologijos klinikoje. Tyrimo medžiaga ir metodai. Retrospektyviai išanalizuoti 86 pacientų duomenys, kuriems buvo atliktos inksto rezekcijos nuo 2011 m. sausio iki 2013 m. gruodžio mėn. Analizuoti priešoperaciniai kompiuterinės tomografijos (KT) vaizdai, kurie buvo pakartotinai peržiūrėti ir įvertinti priskiriant konkrečius parametrus iš kiekvienos nefrometrinės sistemos. Statistinei analizei naudoti χ2 (Chi square) ir Spearmano koreliacijos koeficientai, duomenys laikyti statistiškai patikimi, kai p < 0,05. Rezultatai. Nė viena nefrometrijos sistema nekoreliavo su pooperacinėmis komplikacijomis (n = 60; p = 0,36; p = 0,46; p = 0,13 – atitinkamai R.E.N.A.L., P.A.D.U.A. ir C-Index). Tačiau rasta reikšminga koreliacija tarp R.E.N.A.L. balo bei vėlyvųjų komplikacijų per pirmuosius metus (n = 86; p=0,027); R.E.N.A.L. nefrometrijos skalė taip pat buvo patikima numatant operacijos trukmę (n = 41; p = 0,038), vizito ligoninėje trukmę (n = 86; p = 0,05) ir apytikrį netekto kraujo kiekį (n = 29; p = 0,046), tuo tarpu kitos vertinimo sistemos buvo mažiau tikslios. Nė viena iš nefrometrijos sistemų nekoreliavo su šiltos išemijos laiku, procentiniu kreatinino pokyčiu (prieš ir po dalinės nefrektomijos), simptomatikos, ASA įverčio ar pathistologinių išvadų. Išvados. R.E.N.A.L. balai statistiškai reikšmingai koreliavo su vėlyvosiomis komplikacijomis. R.E.N.A.L. balais galima labiau pasitikėti prognozuojant operacijos trukmę, numatomą kraujavimą, gulėjimo ligoninėje trukmę. Esant patikimai koreliacijai tarp sistemų, kiekviena jų pateikė skirtingą prognostinę vertę nustatant skirtingus klinikinius rezultatus.
Aggressive behavior in a sample of Bucaramanga student, Colombia/Conducta agresiva en una muestra de estudiantes de tres colegios de la ciudad de Bucaramanga, Colombia
Authors: Redondo Pacheco Jesús , Luzardo Briceño Marianela , Rangel Kelly Johana
Published: March 2016

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo principal analizar la prevalencia de la conducta agresiva en adolescentes estudiantes de tres colegios de la ciudad de Bucaramanga. El estudio fue descriptivo, con un diseño transversal, y se aplicó el Inventario de Habilidades Sociales para Adolescentes (TISS; Teenage Inventory of Social Skills, Inderbitzen y Foster, 1992; Inglés, Hidalgo, Méndez e Inderbitzen, 2003), prueba que evalúa la competencia social de los adolescentes en las relaciones con sus iguales. Con esta investigación se pretende determinar la frecuencia de adolescentes agresivos a partir de una muestra representativa de adolescentes estudiantes de tres colegios de la ciudad de Bucaramanga teniendo en cuenta variables como género, edad y curso académico. Los resultados muestran que la prevalencia de la conducta agresiva fue del 16.3%. Además, la prevalencia de chicos agresivos fue sustancialmente superior a la de chicas en todas las edades y los cursos académicos analizados.
Atividade Antinociceptiva e Antimicrobiana da Casca do Caule de Psidium Cattleyanum Sabine
Authors: ALVARENDA F.Q. , ROYO V.A. , MOTA B.F.C. , LAURENTIZ R.S. , MENEZES E.V. , MELO JUNIOR A.F. , OLIVEIRA D.A.
Published: March 2016

RESUMO Psidium cattleyanum Sabine, conhecida como “araçá”, é espécie nativa do Bioma Cerrado brasileiro comumente utilizado, segundo levantamento etnobotânico, como planta medicinal para tratar várias doenças tais como: patologias hepáticas, gástricas, lesões teciduais incluindo processos dolorosos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a triagem fitoquímica com propósito exploratório, investigar a atividade analgésica e antimicrobiana do extrato hidroalcoólico da casca do caule de Psidium cattleyanum Sabine (ECPCS) para apoiar o uso dessa espécie como planta medicinal. Para isso, foram obtidos extratos e frações com solventes orgânicos de polaridade crescente (hexano, diclorometano, acetato de etila e isobutanol) avaliando-se o perfil fitoquímico para determinar as principais classes de metabólitos secundários presentes na espécie. Investigou-se a atividade analgésica pelo teste de contorções abdominais em camundongos induzidas pelo ácido acético (0,6%). A Concentração Inibitória Mínina (CIM) e Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM) foram avaliadas através da técnica de microdiluição em caldo contra micro-organismos da microbiota oral. A triagem fitoquímica identificou a presença de taninos, saponinas, flavonoides e terpenos e/ou esteroides. O ECPCS exibiu atividade analgésica periférica nas doses de 200 e 400 mg/kg. O EAC (extrato acetato de casca) o EDC (extrato diclorometânico de casca) desempenharam melhor ação inibitória sobre o crescimento bacteriano de Estafilococos oralis com CIM 100 e 150 respectivamente. O ECPCS desempenhou ação inibitória sobre o crescimento bacteriano. Os resultados dos estudos experimentais comprovaram a presença de compostos secundários tais como, taninos e flavonoides, o que, provavelmente, pode ser associado à atividade analgésica e ao efeito inibitório sobre os micro-organismos testados com o ECPCS, o que justifica o uso medicinal planta.
Triagem fitoquímica e avaliação da atividade antibacteriana de extratos das flores de Sambucus nigra L. (Caprifoliaceae)
Authors: MATTE A.K. , A.K. A.R. , MATA P.T.G.
Published: March 2016

RESUMO O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar a triagem fitoquímica e avaliar a atividade antibacteriana de extratos das flores de Sambucus nigra L. Os extratos; aquoso (10 %), etanólico (5 %) e Acetato de etila (5 %) foram submetidos a testes colorimétricos para triagem fitoquímica e a avaliação da atividade antibacteriana foi realizada pelo método de disco-difusão em ágar. Os resultados mostraram que nas concentrações de 6 e 12 mg o extrato aquoso apresentou halos significativos de inibição para Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Streptococcus pyogenes, porém, quando comparado aos medicamentos usados como referência a atividade não foi satisfatória, e, ainda, evidenciou a ausência de inibição para todas as cepas testadas com o aumento da concentração para 18 e 24 mg. A análise da triagem fitoquímica evidenciou a presença de flavonoides com intensa reação de cor no extrato aquoso e etanólico, e de fraca intensidade no extrato acetato de etila. Nos mesmos extratos, pelos testes realizados, não foram detectados taninos, saponinas, antraquinonas e alcaloides. Concluiu-se que o extrato aquoso apresentou melhor efeito inibitório para Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Streptococcus pyogenes, porém insuficiente para promover a inativação eficiente quando comparado aos controles.
Potencial inseticida de óleos essenciais sobre Tribolium castaneum em milho armazenado
Authors: MAGALHÃES C.R.I. , OLIVEIRA C.R.F. , MATOS C.H.C. , BRITO S.S.S. , MAGALHÃES T.A. , FERRAZ M.S.S.
Published: March 2016

RESUMO O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar o potencial inseticida de óleos essenciais de Croton heliotropiifolius, Croton pulegiodorus, Myracrodruon urundeuva e Ocimum basilicum sobre adultos de Tribolium castaneumem milho armazenado. Para cada óleo foram realizados bioensaios de fumigação, repelência e o efeito sobre a taxa instantânea de crescimento (ri), em cinco concentrações (0; 5; 10; 15 e 20 μL). Os bioensaios foram conduzidos sob condições constantes de temperatura (28±2 ºC), umidade relativa (70±5%) e escoto fase de 24 horas. Nos testes de fumigação diferentes concentrações dos óleos foi aplicado em tiras de papel filtro presas na parte inferior da tampa da câmara de fumigação (1,5L), a qual continha 20 gramas de substrato alimentar e 10 insetos adultos de T. castaneum não sexados. A mortalidade dos insetos foi avaliada após 48 horas de exposição. Os testes de repelência foram efetuados em arenas compostas por dois frascos ligados a uma caixa central. Em um frasco foi depositado o substrato alimentar com diferentes concentrações do óleo essencial, e, no outro, foi depositado apenas alimento (testemunha). Dez insetos adultos foram liberados na caixa central, ficando expostos por 5 dias para avaliação da preferência. Nos bioensaios de fumigação observou-se atividade inseticida do óleo essencial de M. urundeuva sobre adultos de T. castaneum. Nos bioensaios de repelência, todos os óleos testados apresentaram efeito repelente. A emergência de T. castaneumreduziu entre 33 e 100% quando foram criados em pó de milho tratado com os óleos essenciais. Os óleos essenciais de C. pulegiodorus e O. basilicum ocasionaram redução do crescimento populacional de T. castaneum em grãos de milho tratados. Os óleos testados demonstraram ser uma alternativa eficiente de controle para o uso nos programas de manejo de T. castaneum em unidades armazenadoras.
Plantas medicinais conhecidas por especialistas locais de uma comunidade rural maranhense
Authors: VIEIRA L.S , SOUSA R.S. , LEMOS J.R.
Published: March 2016

RESUMO Este trabalho objetivou realizar o inventário das plantas medicinais de uma comunidade rural maranhense, analisando o valor de uso e a importância relativa das espécies, assim como o consenso dos informantes quanto às doenças tratadas. Foram realizadas 50 entrevistas semiestruturadas utilizando-se o método de amostragem “bola-de-neve” e usou-se a técnica “turnê-guiada” para coletar as espécies citadas. Os especialistas locais citaram 63 espécies pertencentes a 44 famílias, das quais Fabaceae, Apocynaceae, Lamiaceae e Myrtaceae apresentaram o maior número de espécies. A planta que obteve maior valor de uso foi Morinda citrifolia L.. Himatanthus drasticus (Müll.Arg.) Woodson foi a espécie que apresentou maior importância relativa. Dentre os sistemas corporais tratados com os recursos vegetais, os que obtiveram maior consenso entre os informantes foram os relacionados às doenças do estômago, esôfago e duodeno e infecções virais caracterizadas por lesões na pele (ambas com FCI = 0,83). Em virtude da riqueza de conhecimento sobre plantas medicinais em um Estado do Brasil onde o sistema de saúde é bastante precário e onde os estudos de cunho etnobotânico ainda são escassos, sugere-se que novos estudos etnobotânicos sejam realizados afim de evidenciar a dinâmica de conhecimento local e suas implicações ecológicas e sociais.
Levantamento florístico de Myrtaceae no município de Jacobina, Chapada Diamantina, Estado da Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Stadnik Aline , Oliveira Marla Ibrahim U. de , Roque Nádia
Published: March 2016

RESUMO Myrtaceae é uma família pantropical com cerca de 5500 espécies e 132 gêneros e que se destacada pela taxonomia complexa (caracteres crípticos) e difícil. No Brasil, Myrtaceae está representada por 23 gêneros e 974 espécies e é uma das famílias mais representativas na Cadeia do Espinhaço. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o levantamento florístico de Myrtaceae no município de Jacobina, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia. Foram realizadas cinco expedições de coleta entre junho/2011 e abril/2012, analisado os materiais dos herbários no estado, consulta a bibliografias especializadas e especialistas da família. Foram encontrados sete gêneros e 32 espécies de Myrtaceae, sendo queMyrcia DC. (14 spp.), Eugenia L. (nove spp.) e Psidium L. (quatro spp.) foram os gêneros mais representativos, correspondendo a 87% do total de espécies. Myrcia blanchetiana (O.Berg) Mattos é endêmica para a Bahia, duas espécies (Eugenia rostrata O.Berg, Psidium brownianum DC.) são novas ocorrências para Jacobina e uma nova espécie de Myrcia foi reconhecida. São apresentadas chaves de identificações genéricas e específicas, além de discussões acerca da morfologia e distribuição geográfica dos táxons.
Depression and anxiety in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review
Authors: Carvalho Tatiana Lins , Almeida Lilian Maria Sanguinett de , Lorega Camila Maria Araújo , Barata Mirella Francyne Oliveira , Ferreira Maria Lúcia Brito , Brito-Marques Paulo Roberto de , Correia Carolina da Cunha
Published: March 2016

Introduction Studies assessing symptoms of depression and anxiety in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have reported contradictory results. The objective of this systematic review is to identify the prevalence of these mood disorders in the literature. Methods We searched the PubMed, HighWire, MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS and ScienceDirect databases. Literature was selected for review in two stages, according to eligibility criteria. The first stage involved searching databases and checking titles and abstracts. The second step consisted of reading complete articles and excluding those that did not meet the inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria were articles written in Portuguese, English or Spanish, published in the last five years and involving people with ALS diagnosed according to the El Escorial criteria. Results The database searches returned a total of 1,135 titles and abstracts and then 1,117 of these were excluded. Eighteen articles were selected for review. The 12-item Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Depression Inventory (ADI-12) was the only instrument designed specifically to assess depression in ALS, but it was only used in three studies. No instruments specifically designed for anxiety in ALS were used. A large number of studies found presence and slight increase of anxiety disorders. There was considerable large variation in the results related to depressive disorders, ranging from moderate depression to an absence of symptoms. Conclusions Patients with ALS may exhibit symptoms of depression and anxiety at different levels, but there is a need for studies using specific instruments with larger samples in order to ascertain the prevalence of symptoms in ALS and the factors associated with it.
Nietzsche e a fisiologia da arte
Authors: Pereira Camilo Lelis Jota
Published: March 2016

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é a exposição de uma interpretação sobre a fisiologia da arte tematizada por Friedrich Nietzsche. Nosso foco é oferecer ao leitor uma análise do tema em questão através da aproximação entre as obras O Nascimento da tragédia e Crepúsculo dos ídolos. Neste último, o autor nos apresenta uma tese a respeito da arte que transparece uma interligação estreita entre condição biológica do agente e a criação artística. No entanto, embora a fisiologia da arte ganhe destaque maior nas últimas obras de Nietzsche, semelhantes preocupações já podem ser identificadas em O nascimento da tragédia.
Mothers' perceptions of care practices for children who underwent heart transplantation
Authors: Feitoza Sarah Maria de Sousa , Rebouças Cristiana Brasil de Almeida , Silva Máguida Gomes da , Ribeiro Silvania Braga
Published: March 2016

Abstract OBJECTIVE To learn mothers' perceptions of the main care practices that are to be administered after their children's heart transplantation, as well as the main difficulties they experience. METHOD A descriptive qualitative study conducted in March and April 2014, using the focus group technique for data gathering. Participants were 12 mothers who were monitoring their children in a hospital that is a reference for treating cardiopulmonary diseases. Speeches were recorded, transcribed, and organized around the care practices that the mothers performed after the children's heart transplantations, the mothers' main difficulties, their perceptions of their children's quality of life, and the use of educational materials to disseminate post-transplantation care practices. For data analysis, we used the content analysis technique. RESULTS The following were clarified: the schedule of immunosuppressive medication; food, environmental, and bodily and oral hygiene; the use of surgical masks; and keeping the children away from crowds. CONCLUSION The study contributed to the situational diagnosis of the care administered by the mothers of transplanted children.
The psychosocial impacts caused by diagnosis and treatment of Coeliac Disease
Authors: Rocha Susy , Gandolfi Lenora , Santos Josenaide Engracia dos
Published: March 2016

Abstract OBJECTIVE To comprehend the psychosocial effects that Coeliac Disease diagnosis entails. METHOD Qualitative study, achieved through semi-structured interviews, analyzed in accordance to the Association of ideas map Technique. A total 12 recently-diagnosed patients from the Centro de diagnóstico, tratamento e apoio ao paciente com doença celíaca (Coeliac Disease Prevention, Support and Treatment Diagnose Centre) from the Hospital Universitário de Brasília (University Hospital of Brasilia) were enrolled for the study, between the years of 2013 and 2014. RESULTS The interviewed patients presented negative impacts in three categories: psychoaffective, family and social relationships, indicating issues with social readaptation once the treatment had started, as well as difficulty coping with a gluten free diet. CONCLUSION Coeliac Disease holds substantial impact on psychological functions, family and social relationships to diagnosed patients, requiring a clinical biopsychological assistance for better adherence to treatment and patients quality of life.
Workloads and strain process in Community Health Agents
Authors: Almeida Mirian Cristina dos Santos , Baptista Patricia Campos Pavan , Silva Arlete
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To identify the workloads present in the work activities of community health agents (CHAs) and the resulting strain processes. METHOD A descriptive, exploratory, cross-sectional and quantitative study conducted with 137 CHAs. Data were collected through a questionnaire and interview guided by the health surveillance software called SIMOSTE (Health Monitoring System of Nursing Workers), following the ethical codes of the current law. RESULTS In total, were identified 140 workloads involved in 122 strain processes, represented by the occurrence of health problems of the CHAs. The mechanical (55.00%) and biological (16.43%) loads stood out. The most common strain processes were the external causes of morbidity and mortality (62.31%) and diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (10.66%). CONCLUSION From the identified overloads, it became evident that all workloads are present in the work process of CHAs, highlighting the mechanical load, represented mainly by external causes of morbidity and mortality that are related to occupational accidents.