bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aspherical Surface Wavefront Testing Based on Multi-directional Orthogonal Lateral Shearing Interferometry
Authors: Zhu Yahui , Ailing Tian , Hongjun Wang , liu cai
Published: September 2024

To overcome the phase sampling point limitations of testing aspherical surface wavefronts by using the traditional interferometers, we describe a high spatial resolution method of aspherical surface wavefront testing based on multi-directional orthogonal lateral shearing interferometry. In our investigation, we detailed description the methodology of multi-directional orthogonal lateral shearing interferometry, which includes theoretical foundations and experimental setup, presented simulations and experiments results. By establishing a relational model corresponding to multi-directional differential wavefront and differential Zernike polynomials, we presented the wavefront reconstruction of high spatial resolution based on multi-directional orthogonal lateral shearing interferometry. Theoretical calculation and simulation research on aspherical surface wavefront testing, we carried out the actual experimental measurement verification of aspherical surface wavefront with a certain asphericity. By comparing measurement with the measurement results of the LuphoScan profilometer, the relative measurement error precision of RMS was better than λ/100.
Assembly Theory is an approximation to algorithmic complexity based on LZ compression that does not explain selection or evolution
Authors: Abrahão Felipe S. , Hernández-Orozco Santiago , Kiani Narsis A. , Tegnér Jesper , Zenil Hector
Published: September 2024

We formally prove the equivalence between Assembly Theory (AT) and Shannon Entropy via a method based upon the principles of statistical compression that belongs to the LZ family of popular compression algorithms. Such popular lossless compression algorithms behind file formats such as ZIP and PNG have been shown to empirically reproduce the results that AT considers its cornerstone. The same results have also been reported before AT in successful application of other complexity measures in the areas covered by AT such as separating organic from non-organic molecules and in the context of the study of selection and evolution. We demonstrate that the assembly index is equivalent to the size of a minimal context-free grammar. The statistical compressibility of such a method is bounded by Shannon Entropy and other equivalent traditional LZ compression schemes, such as LZ77 and LZW. We also demonstrate that AT, and the algorithms supporting its pathway complexity, assembly index, and assembly number, define compression schemes and methods that are subsumed into algorithmic information theory. We conclude that the assembly index and the assembly number do not lead to an explanation or quantification of biases in generative (physical or biological) processes, including those brought about by (abiotic or biotic) selection and evolution, that could not have been arrived at using Shannon Entropy, or that have not been already reported before using classical information theory or algorithmic complexity.
Boosting efficiency in a clinical literature surveillance system with LightGBM
Authors: Lokker Cynthia , Abdelkader Wael , Bagheri Elham , Parrish Rick , Cotoi Chris , Navarro Tamara , Germini Federico , Linkins Lori-Ann , Haynes R. Brian , Chu Lingyang , Afzal Muhammad , Iorio Alfonso
Published: September 2024

Given the suboptimal performance of Boolean searching to identify methodologically sound and clinically relevant studies in large bibliographic databases, exploring machine learning (ML) to efficiently classify studies is warranted. To boost the efficiency of a literature surveillance program, we used a large internationally recognized dataset of articles tagged for methodological rigor and applied an automated ML approach to train and test binary classification models to predict the probability of clinical research articles being of high methodologic quality. We trained over 12,000 models on a dataset of titles and abstracts of 97,805 articles indexed in PubMed from 2012–2018 which were manually appraised for rigor by highly trained research associates and rated for clinical relevancy by practicing clinicians. As the dataset is unbalanced, with more articles that do not meet the criteria for rigor, we used the unbalanced dataset and over- and under-sampled datasets. Models that maintained sensitivity for high rigor at 99% and maximized specificity were selected and tested in a retrospective set of 30,424 articles from 2020 and validated prospectively in a blinded study of 5253 articles. The final selected algorithm, combining a LightGBM (gradient boosting machine) model trained in each dataset, maintained high sensitivity and achieved 57% specificity in the retrospective validation test and 53% in the prospective study. The number of articles needed to read to find one that met appraisal criteria was 3.68 (95% CI 3.52 to 3.85) in the prospective study, compared with 4.63 (95% CI 4.50 to 4.77) when relying only on Boolean searching. Gradient-boosting ML models reduced the work required to classify high quality clinical research studies by 45%, improving the efficiency of literature surveillance and subsequent dissemination to clinicians and other evidence users.
‘Our project, your problem?’ A case study of the WHO’s mRNA technology transfer programme in South Africa
Authors: Herder Matthew , Benavides Ximena
Published: September 2024

In June 2021 the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Medicines Patent Pool (MPP) launched an mRNA technology transfer programme. With a South African consortium serving as the hub, the programme aimed to increase vaccine manufacturing capacity in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in view of the “vaccine apartheid” that was observed during COVID-19. Following Clarke’s “situational analysis,” the present study assessed whether the mRNA programme differs from the approach and practices that comprise current biopharmaceutical production. Numerous documentary sources, including legal agreements underpinning the programme, funding agreements, and patent filings, were reviewed. Semi-structured interviews with 35 individuals, ranging from the programme’s architects and university scientists to representatives from LMIC vaccine manufacturers taking part in the programme were also conducted. While the mRNA programme may improve the sharing of knowledge, other design features, in particular, weak conditionalities around product affordability, participants’ freedom to contract with third parties, and acceptance of market-based competition, are in line with the status quo. Further, WHO and MPP’s tight control over the programme evokes the dynamics that are often in play in global health, to the detriment of empowering LMIC-based manufacturers to generate mRNA products in response to local health needs.
A scoping review of health systems resilience assessment frameworks
Authors: Dsouza Sushma Marita , Katyal Anuradha , Kalaskar Shrikant , Kabeer Mehnaz , Rewaria Latika , Satyanarayana Sreemeena , Nallamalla Krishna Reddy , Chokshi Maulik
Published: September 2024

Health system resilience is a prerequisite for effectively managing cataclysmic events adversely affecting health outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic reasserted the importance of having resilient health systems and called for a relook at the existing framework that measures health system resilience. Mixed methods were used in this study. The review started with the measurement of health systems resilience and its context. Ebola epidemic triggered the importance, hence our search focused on published literature from 2014 to 2021. Based on the review, a semi-structured tool was developed for key in-depth interviews of seven experts from different countries. The frameworks focused on climate change, disaster management, health systems, city-specific resilience, and e-resilience were reviewed. In-depth interviews highlighted that resilient health systems need to engage the private sector, priority areas like leadership and governance, health resources, and a unified agenda for global collaboration. From experts’ point of view, the inherent nature of health systems to respond to shock was clearly defined as the resilient health system. Health systems resilience definition needs to be defined, based on which assessment indicators will be identified. Indicators need to evolve continuously and be able to measure resilience at sub-national, national, regional, and global levels.
Implementation of resource-efficient fetal echocardiography detection algorithms in edge computing
Authors: Zhu Yuchen , Gao Yi , Wang Meng , Li Mei , Wang Kun
Published: September 2024

Recent breakthroughs in medical AI have proven the effectiveness of deep learning in fetal echocardiography. However, the limited processing power of edge devices hinders real-time clinical application. We aim to pioneer the future of intelligent echocardiography equipment by enabling real-time recognition and tracking in fetal echocardiography, ultimately assisting medical professionals in their practice. Our study presents the YOLOv5s_emn (Extremely Mini Network) Series, a collection of resource-efficient algorithms for fetal echocardiography detection. Built on the YOLOv5s architecture, these models, through backbone substitution, pruning, and inference optimization, while maintaining high accuracy, the models achieve a significant reduction in size and number of parameters, amounting to only 5%-19% of YOLOv5s. Tested on the NVIDIA Jetson Nano, the YOLOv5s_emn Series demonstrated superior inference speed, being 52.8–125.0 milliseconds per frame(ms/f) faster than YOLOv5s, showcasing their potential for efficient real-time detection in embedded systems.
Two species of the green algae Volvox sect. Volvox from the Japanese ancient lake, Lake Biwa
Authors: Nozaki Hisayoshi , Matsuzaki Ryo , Shimotori Koichi , Ueki Noriko , Heman Wirawan , Mahakham Wuttipong , Yamaguchi Haruyo , Tanabe Yuuhiko , Kawachi Masanobu
Published: September 2024

Volvox sect. Volvox is a group of green algae with unique morphological features (thick cytoplasmic bridges between somatic cells and spiny zygote walls) and a worldwide distribution. Despite research interest in the diversity of organisms in ancient lakes, Volvox sect. Volvox from ancient lakes worldwide has not been identified to the species level. Here, we established clonal cultures of two species of this group originating from Lake Biwa, an ancient lake in Japan, and performed identification based on morphological and molecular data. One was identified as Volvox kirkiorum based on the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal spacer region (ITS) sequence, bisexual (monoicous or monoecious) spheroids, and zygote morphology. The other showed genetic separation from related species based on the secondary structure of the ITS and results of phylogenetic analysis of a combined data set from the nuclear actin gene, ITS, and two plastid genes (large subunit of RuBisCO and photosystem II CP43 apoprotein gene); it represented a new phylogenetic lineage within Volvox sect. Volvox, suggesting possible endemism in Lake Biwa. This species produced bisexual spheroids with different zygote morphology and zygote number from other species with bisexual spheroids in Volvox sect. Volvox. Therefore, Volvox biwakoensis Nozaki et H. Yamaguchi sp. nov. is described herein. This is the first endemic species of the genus Volvox described from an ancient lake.
Genomic epidemiology demonstrates spatially clustered, local transmission of Plasmodium falciparum in forest-going populations in southern Lao PDR
Authors: Chen Ying-An , Vickers Eric Neubauer , Aranda-Diaz Andres , Murphy Maxwell , Gerlovina Inna , Rerolle Francois , Dantzer Emily , Hongvanthong Bouasy , Chang Hsiao-Han , Lover Andrew A. , Hathaway Nicholas J. , Bennett Adam , Greenhouse Bryan
Published: September 2024

While there has been significant progress in controlling falciparum malaria in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR), sporadic cases persist in southern provinces where the extent and patterns of transmission remain largely unknown. To assess parasite transmission in this area, 53 Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) positive cases detected through active test and treat campaigns from December 2017 to November 2018 were sequenced, targeting 204 highly polymorphic amplicons. Two R packages, MOIRE and Dcifer, were applied to assess the multiplicity of infections (MOI), effective MOI (eMOI), within-host parasite relatedness, and between-host parasite relatedness (rb^). Genomic data were integrated with survey data to characterize the temporal and spatial structures of identified clusters. The positive cases were mainly captured during the focal test and treat campaign conducted in 2018, and in the Pathoomphone area, which had the highest test positivity and forest activity. About 30% of the cases were polyclonal infections, with over half of theses (63%) showing within-host relatedness greater than 0.6, suggesting that cotransmission rather than superinfection was primarily responsible for maintaining polyclonality. A large majority of cases (81%) were infected by parasites genetically linked to one or more other cases. We identified five genetically distinct clusters in forest fringe villages within the Pathoomphone district, characterized by a high degree of genetic relatedness between parasites (mean rb^ = 0.8). Four smaller clusters of 2–3 cases linked Moonlapamok and Pathoomphone districts, with an average rb^ of 0.6, suggesting cross-district transmission. Most of the clustered cases occurred within 20 km and 2 months of each other, consistent with focal transmission. Transmission clusters identified in this study confirm the role of ongoing focal parasite transmission occurring within the forest or forest-fringe in the highly mobile population.
Some aspects of the suitability of three-stage mixing for ready-mixed concrete
Authors: Sičáková Alena , Kim Jeonghyun
Published: September 2024

Several studies have indicated that three-stage mixing (TM) methods improve the mechanical strength and slump of concrete compared to those of normal mixing methods, particularly when a recycled concrete aggregate is used. However, most studies did not address the technological aspects of ready-mixed concrete, including continuous mixing during site delivery. In this study, the properties of concrete (slump and compressive strength) based on the time lapse after mixing via the TM method (i.e. immediately, 45 min, and 90 min after mixing) were investigated, and the samples were tested after three years of curing. The results indicate some positive effects of TM on ready-mixed concrete and its characteristics on a delivery to the construction site, particularly a less severe loss of consistency compared to that of conventional mixing, as well as a positive effect on the compressive strength when fly ash is used as an aggregate coating additive in the first stage of concrete mixing.
Colorectal Neuroendocrine Neoplasm Detection Rate During Colonoscopy: Results From Large-Scale Data of Colonoscopies in Japan
Authors: Sekiguchi Masau , Kawamura Takuji , Horiguchi Go , Mizuguchi Yasuhiko , Takamaru Hiroyuki , Toyoizumi Hirobumi , Kato Masayuki , Kobayashi Kiyonori , Sada Miwa , Oda Yasushi , Yokoyama Akira , Utsumi Takahiro , Tsuji Yosuke , Ohki Daisuke , Takeuchi Yoji , Shichijo Satoki , Ikematsu Hiroaki , Matsuda Koji , Teramukai Satoshi , Kobayashi Nozomu , Matsuda Takahisa , Saito Yutaka , Tanaka Kiyohito
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION:

This study investigated the detection rate of colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) using large-scale colonoscopy data.

METHODS:

This cross-sectional analysis used large-scale data from a Japanese multicenter observational study of colonoscopies performed from 2010 to 2020.

RESULTS:

Among 82,005 colonoscopy cases, colorectal NENs were identified in 71 (67 of which were neuroendocrine tumors), with a detection rate of 0.087% (95% confidence interval: 0.069–0.109). Most were small rectal lesions, with only 4 >10 mm in size and 3 located in the colon.

DISCUSSION:

The detection rate of colorectal NENs during colonoscopy is substantially higher than expected.
Impact of adding preoperative magnetic resonance imaging to ultrasonography on male breast cancer survival: a matched analysis with female breast cancer
Authors: Lee Jeongmin , Kim Ka Eun , Kim Myoung Kyoung , Kim Haejung , Ko Eun Sook , Ko Eun Young , Han Boo-Kyung , Choi Ji Soo
Published: September 2024

Purpose: The study investigated whether incorporating magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) alongside ultrasonography (US) in the preoperative evaluation is associated with differing survival outcomes between male and female breast cancer patients in a matched analysis. Additionally, clinicopathological prognostic factors were analyzed.Methods: Between January 2005 and December 2020, 93 male and 28,191 female patients who underwent breast surgery were screened. Exact matching analysis was conducted for age, pathologic T and N stages, and molecular subtypes. The clinicopathological characteristics and preoperative imaging methods of the matched cohorts were reviewed. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis, and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to identify prognostic factors.Results: A total of 328 breast cancer patients (61 men and 267 women) were included in the matched analysis. Male patients had worse DFS (10-year DFS, 70.6% vs. 89.2%; P=0.001) and OS (10-year OS, 64.4% vs. 96.3%; P<0.001) than female patients. The pathologic index cancer size (hazard ratio [HR], 2.013; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.063 to 3.810; P=0.032) was associated with worse DFS, whereas there were no significant factors associated with OS. Adding MRI to US for preoperative evaluation was not associated with DFS (HR, 1.117; 95% CI, 0.223 to 5.583; P=0.893) or OS (HR, 1.529; 95% CI, 0.300 to 7.781; P=0.609) in male patients.Conclusion: Adding breast MRI to US in the preoperative evaluation was not associated with survival outcomes in male breast cancer patients, and the pathologic index cancer size was associated with worse DFS.
Paisagem ecossociossistêmica da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável de Quilombos de Barra do Turvo, São Paulo
Authors: Rodrigues Luciene da Costa , Neves Sandra Mara Alves da Silva
Published: September 2024

Na paisagem ecossociossistêmica são empregadas práticas e costumes tradicionais no uso e manejo da terra pelas comunidades quilombolas, constituindo em características essenciais para a conservação da sociobiodiversidade local. Assim, o objetivo neste estudo é analisar a paisagem utilizada e manejada por comunidades quilombolas na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável de Quilombos de Barra do Turvo/SP, discorrendo sobre as implicações em seu estado de conservação. Utilizou-se ferramentas geotecnológicas para geração de mapas e dados quantificáveis de cobertura vegetal e uso da terra de 1984 e 2020 e o Índice de Transformação Antrópica para identificação do estado de conservação da paisagem. Na Reserva, bem como nas comunidades quilombolas, predominaram os usos antrópicos, especificamente a Agropecuária; na Cobertura vegetal, a extensão territorial da Floresta Ombrófila Densa Montana apresentou redução em ambas as áreas investigadas; e a Água na Reserva apresentou aumento de área enquanto nas comunidades não houve alteração espacial. Os estados de conservação da paisagem da Reserva e das comunidades quilombolas, em ambas as datas investigadas, foi pouco degradado. Concluiu-se que há necessidade do desenvolvimento de planos de manejo, respeitando o modo de vida das comunidades quilombolas e a manutenção da fauna e flora aquática e terrestre, contribuindo na conservação da paisagem local.
Automated Breast Tumor Detection and Segmentation Using the Threshold Density Algorithm with Logistic Regression on Microwave Images
Authors: Albaaj Azhar , Norouzi Yaser , Moradi Gholamreza
Published: September 2024

Context: Breast cancer remains a major health burden worldwide, necessitating improved screening modalities for early detection. However, existing techniques such as mammography and MRI exhibit limitations regarding sensitivity and specificity. Microwave imaging has recently emerged as a promising technology for breast cancer diagnosis, exploiting the dielectric contrast between normal and malignant tissues. Objectives: This study proposes a novel computational framework integrating thresholding, edge segmentation, and logistic regression to enhance microwave image-based breast tumor delineation. Methodology: The employed algorithm selects optimal features using logistic regression to mitigate the class imbalance between tumor and healthy tissues. Localized density thresholds are applied to identify tumor regions, followed by edge segmentation methods to precisely localize the detected lesions. Results: When evaluated on a dataset of microwave breast images, our approach demonstrated high accuracy for detecting and segmenting malignant tissues. Density thresholds ranging from 0.1 to 0.8 showcase the highest accuracy in detecting breast tumors from these images. Conclusions: The results highlight the potential of the proposed segmentation algorithm to improve the reliability of microwave imaging as an adjunct modality for breast cancer screening. This could promote earlier diagnosis and better clinical outcomes. The proposed framework represents a significant advance in developing robust image processing techniques tailored to emerging medical imaging modalities challenged by class imbalance and low intrinsic contrast.
Methodology for the Selection of Risk Response Actions while Considering Corporate Objectives in the Metalworking Industry
Authors: Cuadros-López Álvaro Julio , Bustos-Useche Alexander , Bustos-Useche Leonardo
Published: September 2024

Context: Projects in metalworking companies are affected by risk. Proper risk management depends on the responses provided to improve the project plan. However, multiple potential actions may result in constraints due to multiple factors. The purpose of this article is to propose a hybrid approach to solve the problem of selecting risk response actions while considering strategic objectives, fuzzy logic, and simulation.
Method: First, 334 risks were identified through a literature review and a discussion with experts. These were then filtered, resulting in 70 operational risks.  Subsequently, the ten critical risks were prioritized using the risk matrix. Then, using Monte Carlo simulation and correlation analysis, the activities most affected by the risks were identified. Finally, potential response actions were designed for each case, and fuzzy logic and quality function deployment were applied to evaluate them.
Results: The selected responses were framed within the strategic objectives, i.e., customer satisfaction, business profitability, and implementation of new technologies. This, while considering some corporate attributes that the actions had to meet finishing the project on time, having low costs, and meeting the scope. The selected actions had a better profile than others seeking to minimize time or costs.
Conclusions: EPCC projects are complex and often suffer from gaps in scope, time, and cost. Risk analysis and the selection of responses in the planning phase help to improve performance. This study developed a risk response plan for a project executed in Brazil. Risks were identified, classified, and mitigated using simulations, resulting in an 11-day reduction in the project’s estimated duration.
Community-Based Early Warning System Model for Stream Overflow In Barranquilla
Authors: Serna-Galeano Iván Andrés Felipe , Gómez-Vargas Ernesto , Camargo-López Julián Rolando
Published: September 2024

Context: This work aims to design and create a community-based early warning model as an alternative for the mitigation of disasters caused by stream overflow in Barranquilla (Colombia). This model is based on contributions from social networks, which are consulted through their API and filtered according to their location.
Methods: With the information collected, cleaning and debugging are performed. Then, through natural language processing techniques, the texts are tokenized and vectorized, aiming to find the vector similarity between the processed texts and thus generating a classification.
Results: The texts classified as dealing with stream overflow are processed again to obtain a location or assign a default one, in order to for them to be georeferenced in a map that allows associating the risk zone and visualizing it in a web application to monitor and reduce the potential damage to the population.
Conclusions:  Three classification algorithms were selected (random forest, extra trees, and k-neighbors) to determine the best classifier. These three algorithms exhibited the best performance and R2 regarding the data processed in the regressions. These algorithms were trained, with the k-neighbor algorithm exhibiting the best performance.
RREGULARITIES OF OPTICAL DENSITY OF RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGES OF WELDED TUBULAR ELEMENTS OF HEAT EXCHANGERS. COMPENSATION METHOD IN THE MODE OF PANORAMIC DYNAMIC SLIT RADIOGRAPHY
Authors: Dekopov A. S. , Lukyanov A. A. , Mikhailov ( S. V. , Lobzhanidze T. K.
Published: September 2024

With regard to the technological problem of leveling irregularities in the optical density of the image, due to differences in the radiation thicknesses of the profile of the welded joint and a narrow dynamic range of film detectors in the radiography of axisymmetric annular welded joints of tubular elements of heat exchangers in one exposure from the axial point of the internal cavity of the welded tubular element, a method of dynamic fanshaped slit radiography, which adaptively compensates for the imbalance in the levels of penetrating γ-radiation fluxes recorded by the detector, taking into account changes in the parameters of radiation thicknesses based on formalized analytical patterns for various zones of the welded joint.
DETERMINATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF STRESS-CORROSION CRACKS OF THE MAIN GAS PIPELINE BASED ON THE RESULTS OF EDDY CURRENT CONTROL
Authors: Zagidulin R. V. , Bakiev A. T.
Published: September 2024

In order to increase the accuracy of estimating the depth of stress-corrosion cracks in the main gas pipeline from the measured signal of the overhead eddy-current transducer, a mathematical recognition method based on the regularization method is proposed. Analytical expressions are obtained for the smoothing function and the optimal regularization parameter, which makes it possible to obtain stable estimates of the depth of stress-corrosion cracks in the main gas pipeline. In the absence of spatial resolution of a group of stress-corrosion cracks based on the signal of an overhead eddy-current transducer, a mathematical model of a group of cracks with the same depths and a constant interval is proposed. The procedure for determining the values of the parameters used in the regularization parameter of the smoothing functional is described. Based on the analysis of eddy-current transducer signals by the regularization method obtained on artificial models of stress-corrosion cracks in the main gas pipeline, it is shown that the average relative error in estimating the depth of a group of identical cracks does not exceed 8.5 %. It is shown that the estimate of the depth of a continuity defect obtained by recognizing a group of unequal cracks is close to the average value of this parameter established for a group of cracks, while the average relative error in estimating the average depth of a group of unequal cracks does not exceed 8 %.
DIAGNOSTICS OF INSTRUMENTAL MATERIALS BASED ON THE RESULTS OF MODELING OF COATINGS OF INSTRUMENTAL MATERIAL
Authors: Mokritskii B. Ya. , Skripilev A. A.
Published: September 2024

Computer modeling makes it possible to predict the adhesion properties of various materials and monolayers in the material at the atomic level. As a result of this approach, it is possible to diagnose the operational properties of the tool material according to the calculated values of the adhesion energy of the layers in the tool coating. The issues of studying the adhesive properties of monolayers successively deposited on a hard alloy VK8 are considered. The adhesive properties of Ti, TiN and (Ti, Cr, Al)N layers with each other and with WC92-Co8 hard alloy are investigated. The dependence of the adhesion energy of titanium to WC and Co surfaces depending on the thickness (from one to three atomic layers) of the deposited titanium layer has been studied. For four variants of the compound structure (Ti, Cr, Al)N the adhesion energy of this compound to the TiN surface is calculated. An approach to predicting rational coatings has been developed. It consists in the calculation (control) of the adhesion energy and the use of the adhesion energy value to diagnose a rational coating option for an instrumental hard alloy VK8.
APPLICATION OF PHASEOMETRIC COMPENSATION METHOD FOR DETECTION AND LOCALIZATION OF GEODYNAMIC PROCESSES DURING GEOELECTRICAL CONTROL
Authors: Surzhik D. I. , Vasilyev G. S. , Kuzichkin O. R. , Koskin A. V. , Baknin M. D.
Published: September 2024

This work is devoted to considering the issue of using the compensatory method of geoelectric control using the phase characteristics of the field to detect and localize geodynamic processes using the example of the development of a karst-suffusion cavity. The high noise immunity of the phasemetric method for recording geoelectric signals was noted in comparison with the amplitude parameters of the anomalous component of the electromagnetic field, usually used to analyze observation results. A formalized approach to the use of field phase characteristics to interpret monitoring data and the related problem of localizing geodynamic processes has been developed. Within the framework of this approach, it is proposed to determine the section parameters by the minimum sum of the weighted mean square error of interpretation and the regularizing functional containing a priori information about the geoelectric section. To check the possibility of localizing a spherical karst-suffosion cavity, modeling of the amplitude and phase of the anomalous component of the field potential, as well as the root-mean-square error of heterogeneity localization, was carried out when the center of the sphere moves along the installation profile. Modeling showed good differentiation of the potential from the location of the inhomogeneity; the highest localization accuracy was achieved with the combined use of the amplitude and phase components of the field in the problem of localizing the inhomogeneity.
USING SELF-POWERED NEUTRON DETECTORS TO MONITOR NEUTRON-MULTIPLYING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE WATER-WATER POWER REACTOR CORE
Authors: Pankin A. M. , Kostarev V. S. , Kalyutik A. A. , Legkih R. Yu.
Published: September 2024

A method is described for diagnosing the water-water power reactor core components using self-powered neutron detector (SPND) readings. Self-powered neutron detectors are part of the incore instrumentation system. The method monitors both the detector itself and fuel element. The paper’s authors suggest using both steady state and dynamic reactor core conditions for interpretation of SPND readings. Dynamic conditions can be used to determine the coefficients of neutron flux dynamics that are calculated by analogy with determination of reactivity values from output signals of ion chambers in the reactor control and protection system.
METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE FUNCTIONING OF OPTICAL-ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS WHEN MONITORING REMOTE OBJECTS
Authors: Makhov V. E. , Shirobokov V. V. , Emelyanov A. V.
Published: September 2024

The work proposes an approach to improving the scientific and methodological apparatus for processing information about observed distant objects. The potential possibility of increasing the accuracy of measuring the coordinates of remote objects and obtaining spectrophotometric information through a refined mathematical model of the process of functioning of optical-electronic systems, based on the possibility of restoring the original signal from the observed object by solving the Fredholm integral equation of the 1st kind, is shown. Based on a mathematical model that takes into account the structure of the optical circuit, the influence of noise and external observation conditions, the methodology for assessing the effectiveness of optical-electronic systems when observing remote objects has been improved.
Evaluation of the strength of the truck tractor’s frame under emergency braking conditions
Authors: Kovalchuk Stanislav , Goryk Oleksii , Burlaka Oleksii , Kelemesh Anton
Published: September 2024

Authors carried out a theoretical study of the force impact during emergency braking on the strength of the frame of a truck tractor as a part of a road train with a semi-trailer in order to build a model of the dependence of the safety factor index of the frame on the geometric and weight parameters of the car, semi-trailer, transported cargo and the type of the pavement. Using D'Alembert's principle, a generalized calculation scheme of the frame of the semi-trailer and the truck unit after reaching a steady deceleration during emergency braking while maintaining straight-line movement and adhesion of all wheels to pavement was made. Through a static calculation, the dependences for the unknown reactions of the car frame constraints were obtained, its dangerous cross-section was established, and the condition for the static strength of the longeron was determined. Using this condition and the obtained ratios for active and reactive loads, a model of the dependence of the safety margin coefficient of the car frame on the road train parameters was built. By the example of a road train consisting of a KrAZ-6446 truck tractor and a VARZ-6006 semi-trailer the application of the constructed model for evaluating the strength of the car frame and determining the permissible safe zone location of the center of gravity of different weights cargo in the plane of the road train is demonstrated. The method proposed in this work and the built model can be used to study the strength of the frames of truck tractors and semi-trailers of other manufacturers and types and to establish safe schemes for the placement and fastening of loads to ensure the operational reliability of the vehicle and the safety and security of cargo transportation.
Badanie potrzeb językowych studentów zza wschodniej granicy. Implikacje dydaktyczne dla praktycznej nauki języka na kierunku Studia polskie dla cudzoziemców
Authors: Wawrzeń Marzena
Published: September 2024

In the academic year 2022/2023, the Faculty of Polish Studies of the Jagiellonian University opened Polish studies for foreigners, which enables learning the Polish language as part of university education. Due to the growing number of students from Ukraine, the goals, effects and content of teaching in this field should be transformed to meet the specific linguistic needs of students from beyond the eastern border. The aim of the article is to present the teaching goals and priorities of students from Ukraine. The results of the study will be compared with the teaching rules of the contemporary methodology of teaching Polish as a foreign language to Eastern Slavs.
Farmacogenética del cáncer colorrectal en un hospital terciario de Valencia
Authors: Comes-Raga Ana , Sendra Luis , Marcaida-Benito Goitzane , Aliño Salvador F. , Herrero María José
Published: September 2024

Objetivos

Las variaciones genéticas que afectan a procesos farmacocinéticos y farmacodinámicos influyen en la aparición de reacciones adversas y supervivencia de pacientes en tratamiento de cáncer colorrectal.

Métodos

Se realizó una selección de variantes genéticas según la quimioterapia pautada junto con las bases de datos farmacogenéticas. El genotipado se realizó con la tecnología MassArray (Agena Bioscience). Se realizaron estudios de asociación entre variantes-toxicidad y supervivencia-genotipo con métodos de regresión logística (SPSS ver. 28.0.1.1).

Resultados

Se realizó el genotipado de 25 SNPs en 96 pacientes. Para el gen DPYD, un 3,5 % presentaron la mutación rs75017182, 4,7 % rs1801158 y 7,1 % rs1801160. Las frecuencias genotípicas en el gen UGT1A1 fueron 39,4 % (*1/*1), 37,9 % (*1/*28), 19,7 % (*28/*28), y 3 % (*1/*36).

Los genotipos CT de la variante rs1801160, AT de la variante rs67376798 (DPYD), y *1/*36 (UGT1A1), se relacionaron con eventos de menor supervivencia (p-valor: 0.006, <0.001, y 0.052, respectivamente). La reacción adversa más frecuente fue la gastrointestinal, seguida de neurotoxicidad. El genotipo CC (rs1801160, DPYD) se asoció con un menor riesgo de desarrollar toxicidad gastrointestinal grave, y CC (rs1801158, DPYD) con un menor riesgo de desarrollar toxicidad hematológica general y grave.

Conclusiones

Nuestro estudio ha puesto de manifiesto que existen diferencias en las frecuencias poblacionales de nuestra serie de pacientes para el rs1801160 y rs75017182 (DPYD), *1/*28, *28/*28 y *1/*36 (UGT1A1) y las descritas en población española. Se asoció una menor supervivencia del genotipo CT de rs1801160, el genotipo AT de la variante rs67376798 (DPYD), y 1/*36 (UGT1A1).
The association of the basal TIMI flow, post-PCI TIMI flow and thrombus grade with HbA1c levels in non-diabetic patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary PCI
Authors: Doudkani Fard Mina , Separham Ahmad , Mamaghanizadeh Ehsan , Faridvand Yousef , Toupchi Khosroshahi Vahid , Sarvari Somayeh
Published: September 2024

Objectives

The acute phase of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), as determined by TIMI angiographic criteria, is influenced by various factors that impact the patient’s clinical outcome. However, the modifiable risk factors of impaired TIMI flow (TIMI<3) and its effective treatment are not fully understood. Hyperglycemia may induce a pro thrombotic state and thus affect TIMI flow before or after PCI. This study investigates the correlation between hemoglobin A1c levels, TIMI flow grade, and thrombus grade in infarct-related arteries, assessing its predictive value in non-diabetic patients with STEMI.

Methods

The 265 patients selected based on the hemoglobin A1c level lower than 6.5 % and were divided into three groups based on HbA1c level. Comparison between three groups in terms of risk factors, troponin level, blood glucose level, lipid profile, kidney function, number of involved vessels, type of MI, left ventricular ejection fraction, TIMI flow before and after primary angioplasty, thrombus burden, complications and hospital mortality was made.

Results

With the increase in HbA1c level, the prevalence of TIMI 3 flow after primary PCI decreased. The prevalence of TIMI flow 2–3 before angioplasty also decreased with the increase in HbA1c level. Increased hemoglobin A1c was also significantly related to large thrombus burden (p=0.021). Morover, hemoglobin A1c remained an independent predictor of post-PCI TIMI flow and thrombus burden.

Conclusions

Elevated hemoglobin A1c is a predictor of TIMI flow less than 3 after primary PCI and high thrombus burden, in STEMI patients without a history of diabetes mellitus.
Unveiling bisphenol A toxicity: human health impacts and sustainable treatment strategies
Authors: Adhikary Krishnendu , Kumari Shweta , Chatterjee Prity , Dey Riya , Maiti Rajkumar , Chakrabortty Sankha , Ahuja Deepika , Karak Prithviraj
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The widespread presence of bisphenol-A (BPA) in consumer goods like water bottles and eyeglass frames raises serious concerns about the chemical’s ability to accumulate in human tissues. Molecular filtration and activated carbon adsorption are two of the many BPA treatment technologies that have emerged in response to these issues; both are essential in the removal or degradation of BPA from water sources and industrial effluents.

Content

To secure the long-term health and environmental advantages of BPA treatment approaches, sustainable development is essential. Both the efficient elimination or destruction of BPA and the reduction of the treatment operations’ impact on the environment are important components of a sustainable approach. Different search engines like Pub-Med, MEDLINE, Google Scholar and Scopus are used for these systematic reviews and analyzed accordingly. This can be accomplished by making treatment facilities more energy efficient and using environmentally friendly materials. Greener ways to deal with BPA pollution are on the horizon, thanks to innovative techniques like bioremediation and improved oxidation processes. Reducing dependence on conventional, resource-intensive procedures can be achieved by investigating the use of bio-based materials and natural adsorbents in treatment processes.

Summary and Outlook

This review article tackling the health and environmental concerns raised by BPA calls for an integrated strategy that incorporates sustainable development principles and technology progress. We can reduce the negative impacts of BPA contamination, improve environmental stewardship in the long run, and ensure human health by combining cutting-edge treatment technologies with sustainable behaviours.
Effect of high-intensity interval training vs. moderate-intensity continuous training on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese individuals
Authors: Shenoy Basti Anahita R. , Anand Pauline , Chandralekha Netharakere , Pinto Jostol , Prabhu Srilakshmi M.
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Our study aims to compare the effects of an 8-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) vs. moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on cardiometabolic risk factors and on serum leptin levels in overweight and obese individuals.

Methods

Our quasi-experimental study involved 36 students who were assigned to HIIT, MICT or the control group. Using a bicycle ergometer, participants in the HIIT group performed 25 min of HIIT and those in the MICT group performed 35 min of moderate-intensity continuous exercise for three days a week for 8 weeks. Body composition estimated by bioimpedance analysis, blood lipids and serum leptin were measured pre-exercise and 8 weeks post-exercise.

Results

After 8 weeks of exercise, the participants in the MICT group showed a significant reduction in weight (p<0.01) and body mass index (BMI) (p<0.05). In the HIIT group, although weight reduction was noticed, the difference was not statistically significant compared to the pre-exercise values. In the control group, participants had a significant increase in their weight, BMI, and total body fat (p<0.05). On performing an inter-group comparison of the magnitude of change in body weight and BMI over 8 weeks of exercise, no difference was seen between the HIIT and MICT groups. No difference was observed in body fat indices and levels of random blood glucose, blood lipids and serum leptin pre and 8 weeks post-exercise.

Conclusions

On comparing the change in body weight and BMI over 8 weeks, no significant difference was found between the HIIT and MICT groups. However, HIIT was notably more time efficient.
Application of Chelyshkov polynomials in solving stochastic model with fractional Brownian motion
Authors: Gupta Reema , Chakraverty Snehashish
Published: September 2024

This paper introduces a computational spectral collocation approach utilizing orthonormal Chelyshkov polynomials to estimate solutions for both linear and nonlinear stochastic differential equations containing fractional Brownian motion characterized by the Hurst parameter H. The method employs Newton–Cotes nodes to transform these integral equations into manageable linear and nonlinear algebraic forms. The reliability of the proposed method is established through theorems on error estimation and convergence analysis. Moreover, some examples are given to demonstrate the viability, credibility, coherence, and dependability of the approach. Also, a comparative evaluation is conducted to contrast the results obtained from the suggested approach with those produced by the spectral collocation method utilizing orthonormal Bernoulli polynomials. Furthermore, a 95 % confidence interval is constructed for the error mean, revealing that the approximations maintain high accuracy.
The application of intravenous general anesthesia under nasopharyngeal airway assisted ventilation undergoing ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy: A prospective, single-center, controlled trial
Authors: Jia Xuandong , Wang Min
Published: September 2024

To observe the effect of intravenous general anesthesia under nasopharyngeal airway-assisted ventilation on patients undergoing ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy. One hundred and twenty patients who underwent ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy in our hospital were selected and randomly divided into nasopharyngeal airway group (research group) and laryngeal mask group (control group). These patients, respectively, received intravenous anesthesia under nasopharyngeal airway and laryngeal mask-assisted ventilation. The following evaluation indexes were compared and analyzed between the two groups, including anesthetic effect, hemodynamics, stress response, postoperative recovery, adverse reactions, etc. There were no significant differences in Visual Analog Scale, hemodynamics, and stress response between the two groups at each time point (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in residence time and postoperative recovery time between the two groups (P > 0.05). The difference in airway establishment time between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05), and cases with blood in the research group was significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Patient satisfaction in research group was significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The clinical effect of intravenous general anesthesia under nasopharyngeal airway-assisted ventilation in ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy is significant, which helps to stabilize patients’ hemodynamics, reduce their stress response and adverse reactions, and improve the satisfaction rate of patient.
Warriors from the south? Arrowheads from the Tollense Valley and Central Europe
Authors: Inselmann Leif , Krüger Joachim , Schopper Franz , Rahmstorf Lorenz , Terberger Thomas
Published: September 2024

Investigations in the Tollense Valley in north-eastern Germany have provided evidence of a large and violent conflict in the thirteenth century BC. Typological analysis of arrowheads from the valley (10 flint and 54 bronze specimens) and comparison with type distributions in Central Europe, presented here for the first time, emphasise the supra-regional nature of the conflict. While the flint arrowheads are typical for the local Nordic Bronze Age, the bronze arrowheads show a mixture of local and non-local forms, adding to the growing evidence for a clash between local groups and at least one incoming group from southern Central Europe.
CONVECTIVE DRYING OF CHOKEBERRY CV. “VIKING” AND MODELING OF DRYING KINETICS
Authors: Ünal Nafiye , Süslü Ahmet , Külcü Recep , Dinçer Cüneyt , Yavuzlar Eda Elif , Ertekin Can
Published: September 2024

In this study, the effects of drying air temperatures (50, 60, 70, and 80°C) and velocities (0.5, 0.8, and 1.2 m/s) on chokeberry quality during convective drying were evaluated. The drying time decreased significantly with increasing drying air temperatures and velocities, from 2265 minutes at 50°C to 195 minutes at 80°C, and from 360 minutes at 0.5 m/s to 240 minutes at 1.2 m/s at 70°C. Higher drying air temperatures and velocities also enhanced the fruit color quality. The best antioxidant activity, anthocyanin, and phenolic content were achieved at 70°C with dryin air velocities between 0.5 m/s and 1.2 m/s. The Midilli et al. model provided the best fit for the drying kinetics, with high accuracy (R²≥0.9978, χ²≤0.0003, RMSE≤0.0161).