bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caracterização das proteínas caveolinas -1 e -2 na placenta de conceptos bovinos clonados transgênicos
Authors: Peres Kenya C. , Trinca Vitor , Oliveira Fernanda P. , Oliveira Lilian J. , Bressan Fabiana F. , Pimentel José R.V. , Meirelles Flávio V. , Pereira Flávia T.V.
Published: September 2015

RESUMO:A utilização da transgenia com a proteína fluorescente verde (GFP) como marcador de células de origem fetal nas placentas de clones bovinos servirá de modelo inédito para estudo morfofisiológico e imunológico da interação materno-fetal, visto que possibilitará o seu mapeamento, diferenciando as células fetais das maternas. Tal modelo terá aplicação direta, principalmente porque estes são animais que apresentam problemas em relação ao seu desenvolvimento. Com o auxílio deste modelo, pretende-se verificar o transporte de substâncias entre a mãe e o feto via endocitose, pela imunolocalização das proteínas chamadas de caveolinas. Para tanto foram utilizados 06 bovinos clonados e 30 bovinos de inseminação artificial (IA) com idade até 90 dias de gestação, os quais tiveram seu desenvolvimento interrompido mediante abate humanitário das receptoras e ovariosalpingohisterectomia, com posterior recuperação do útero gestante. Foram coletados os placentônios e o cório. Uma parte das amostras foi recortada e fixada, por imersão, em solução de parafolmaldeído a 4% ou formoldeído a 10% em tampão fosfato de sódio (PBS) a 0,1M pH 7.4, solução de Zamboni (4% de paraformoldeído, 15% de ácido pícrico, em tampão fosfato de sódio a 0,1M pH 7.4), metacarn (60% de metanol, 30% de clorofórmio, e 10% de ácido acético glacial), para verificação da morfologia e realização de imuno-histoquímica para as proteínas caveolinas -1 e -2 (CAV -1 e CAV-2). As caveolinas -1 foram localizadas nos vilos fetais e maternos, mas sua marcação mais forte foi observada no estroma endometrial. As caveolinas -2 tiveram marcação positiva no trofoblasto e membrana córioalantoide, e, especificamente em célula trofoblástica gigante binucleada. Sendo assim, os resultados mostram que a proteína CAV-1 teve uma maior expressão em relação à proteína CAV-2 e que as proteínas CAV-1 e -2 são parte da composição das cavéolas, sendo estruturas importantes e relacionadas com a transferência de moléculas para o feto, realizando a nutrição do mesmo mediante endocitose e pinocitose.
Deficiências minerais em vacas em lactação da bacia leiteira do município de Rondon do Pará, estado do Pará
Authors: Bomjardim Henrique A. , Oliveira Carlos M.C. , Silveira José Alcides S. , Silva Natália S. , Duarte Marcos D. , Faial Kelson C.F. , Brito Marilene F. , Barbosa José D.
Published: September 2015

ResumoRealizou-se um estudo das deficiências minerais em vacas em lactação de rebanhos leiteiros pertencentes a 13 propriedades da bacia leiteira do município de Rondon do Pará, estado do Pará. Foram determinados os níveis de fósforo (P) no osso, e os níveis de cobre (Cu), cobalto (Co), selênio (Se) e zinco (Zn) no fígado de 47 vacas leiteiras no 2º terço da lactação. Estas amostras foram coletadas por meio de biópsias realizadas no terço superior da 12a costela do lado direito e no bordo caudal do lobo caudado do fígado, respectivamente. Os rebanhos eram formados por animais mestiços (Holandes x Zebu), mantidos em sistema de produção extensivo em pastos de Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu e recebiam suplementação mineral. A mistura mineral em 12 propriedades era do tipo comercial, dita "completa", acrescida de quantidades de NaCl acima do recomendado pelos fabricantes em dez propriedades. Em sete propriedades as misturas minerais eram fornecidas em cochos sem cobertura e em oito, o fornecimento da mistura mineral não era realizado diariamente. Em 11 propriedades, havia históricos clínicos condizentes com deficiências minerais nos rebanhos. Nessas fazendas a retenção de placenta e a osteofagia foram as alterações mais relatadas. Após as análises minerais observou-se deficiência de P em cinco propriedades, de Co em três propriedades, de Se em nove propriedades e de Zn em dez propriedades. Conclui-se que ocorre a deficiência de P, Co, Se e Zn; a suplementação mineral realizada na maioria das propriedades não atendeu as exigências diárias de P, Se e Co, baseadas no consumo estimado de 30 g de NaCl/animal/dia; os cochos pouco adequados ou inadequados para a suplementação, assim como o fornecimento inconstante das misturas minerais possivelmente contribuíram para a deficiência de um ou mais minerais.
Indicadores de qualidade e composição de leite informal comercializado na região Sudeste do Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Motta Rodrigo G. , Silva Aristeu V. , Giuffrida Rogerio , Siqueira Amanda K. , Paes Antônio C. , Motta Igor G. , Listoni Fernando J.P. , Ribeiro Márcio G.
Published: September 2015

Resumo:O leite informal é reconhecido como o produto comercializado sem inspeção. Avaliou-se a qualidade microbiológica, constituintes nutricionais e presença de substâncias inibidoras do crescimento bacteriano em 100 amostras informais de leite de vacas, comercializadas na região sudoeste do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Verificou-se que 77% da Contagem de Células Somáticas (CCS) e 86% da Contagem Bacteriana Total (CBT) das amostras estavam em desacordo com os valores máximos exigidos pela Instrução Normativa 62 do MAPA. Identificaram-se teores em desacordo para sólidos totais (36%), proteína (23%), gordura (38%), extrato seco desengordurado (43%) e nitrogênio uréico (73%). Em 59% das amostras detectou-se a presença de resíduos de inibidores do crescimento bacteriano. Isolaram-se 240 linhagens de micro-organismos com predomínio de enterobactérias, estreptococos, estafilococos e fungos. O leite informal é comercializado na região sem as mínimas condições de higiene e oferece riscos a saúde pública, além de representar sério problema sócio-econômico para região.
Ocorrência do SNP c.767G>T no gene DNM1responsável pelo colapso induzido pelo exercício em cães da raça Labrador Retriever no Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Basso Roberta M. , Oliveira-Filho José P. , Palumbo Mariana I.P. , Zakia Luiza S. , Araújo Jr João P. , Borges Alexandre S.
Published: September 2015

Resumo:O colapso induzido pelo exercício (EIC) é considerado uma síndrome autossômica recessiva que afeta principalmente cães da raça Labrador Retriever. A doença é caracterizada por fraqueza muscular e colapso após exercício intenso. Usualmente, ocorre recuperação clínica após o episódio, mas alguns animais podem vir a óbito. Os sinais clínicos são decorrentes do polimorfismo de base única (SNP) c.767G>T no gene Dynamin 1 (DNM1). O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a ocorrência deste SNP em 321 cães da raça Labrador Retriever do Estado de São Paulo. Primers específicos para a amplificação de todo o exon 6 do gene DNM1 foram usados nas PCRs utilizando DNA a partir de amostras de sangue ou swab bucal, a avaliação final foi realizada com sequenciamento direto dos produtos da PCR. Dentre os 321 animais estudados, 3,4 % (11/321) eram homozigotos para o SNP c.767G>T no gene DNM1 e 24,6% (79/321) eram heterozigotos. Somente um dos 11 animais homozigotos apresentavam sinais clínicos compatíveis com a EIC. Este é o primeiro estudo sobre a ocorrência deste SNP no Brasil e considerando que quase 25% dos animais estudados eram heterozigotos, a genotipagem dos animais para este SNP pode ser importante antes dos acasalamentos para cães desta raça. A EIC deve ser considerada nos diagnósticos diferenciais de enfermidades neuromusculares em cães da raça Labrador Retriever.
Influência do biodiesel de soja na biodegradação anaeróbia do benzeno e tolueno
Authors: Schambeck Cássio Moraes , Ramos Débora Toledo , Chiaranda Helen Simone , Mezzari Melissa Paola , Fernandes Marilda , Corseuil Henry Xavier
Published: September 2015

A influência do biodiesel de soja na biodegradação dos hidrocarbonetos monoaromáticos benzeno e tolueno foi estudada sob condições anaeróbias em dois microcosmos montados com água subterrânea sintética, inóculo metanogênico, benzeno, tolueno e biodiesel. Na presença de biodiesel não foi observada biodegradação do benzeno e do tolueno. Com a biodegradação do biodiesel ocorreu a formação de acetato e metano, uso do sulfato e um aumento de 45 vezes no número de bactérias sulfato-redutoras. Esses resultados mostraram que, na mistura com benzeno e tolueno, o biodiesel foi biodegradado tanto sob condições de sulfato-redução quanto metanogênicas e que sua presença estimulou o crescimento da biomassa.
Reator em bateladas sequenciais de grânulos aeróbios: estudo da formação dos grânulos e do efeito da duração do ciclo na remoção de carbono, nitrogênio e fósforo de esgoto doméstico
Authors: Wagner Jamile , Costa Rejane Helena Ribeiro da
Published: September 2015

Neste trabalho estudou-se a formação de grânulos aeróbios em um reator em bateladas sequenciais alimentado com esgoto doméstico e avaliou-se o desempenho desse reator em relação à remoção de carbono, nitrogênio e fósforo utilizando ciclos operacionais de 3 e 4 h. Após 150 dias de operação, a biomassa do reator era constituída predominantemente por grânulos maduros e compactos, com concentração de sólidos suspensos em torno de 1,5 g.L-1. O reator apresentou elevada capacidade de remoção de carbono, nitrogênio e fósforo, principalmente quando operado em sucessivos ciclos de 4 h, atingindo uma eficiência média de remoção de demanda química de oxigênio solúvel de 82±5%, de NH4+-N de 69±19% e de PO43--P de 30±10%.
Desinfecção de efluente anaeróbio com o uso de ozônio/cloro
Authors: Silva Gustavo Henrique Ribeiro da , Daniel Luiz Antonio
Published: September 2015

O principal objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar o processo de oxidação, a eficiência da inativação de coliformes e a formação de subprodutos da ozonização, associado com a desinfecção de efluente sanitário anaeróbio proveniente de um reator UASB. Tal evento foi realizado por meio da aplicação das dosagens de ozônio de 5,0 mg.O3.L-1+ 10 mg.Cl2.L-1 (ensaio 1); 8,0 mg.O3.L-1+ 20 mg.Cl2.L-1 (ensaio 2) e 10,0 mg.O3.L-1+ 30 mg.Cl2.L-1 (ensaio 3). Neste trabalho, utilizou-se efluente da Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto da Universidade de São Paulo, no Brasil. As reduções médias totais da demanda química de oxigênio para os efluentes ozonizados/clorados foram de 9, 32 e 37% para os ensaios 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente. A inativação dos coliformes totais variou de >5,7 até 6,4 log10 e >5,8 até >6,0 log10para Escherichia coli. A formação de aldeídos não sofreu mudanças significativas (p=0,05) para as dosagens e os tempos de contato aplicados após os ensaios de ozonização/cloração.
Cobrança pelo uso da água no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (2004-2013): histórico e desafios atuais
Authors: Acselrad Moema Versiani , Azevedo José Paulo Soares de , Formiga-Johnsson Rosa Maria
Published: September 2015

Este artigo visou registrar o processo de implementação da cobrança pelo uso da água no território fluminense, iniciada em 2003 pela experiência pioneira de arrecadação pelo uso em rios federais da Bacia do Rio Paraíba do Sul. No ano seguinte, a cobrança foi ampliada para todas as águas estaduais (superficiais e subterrâneas), configurando-se em experiência singular no país por iniciá-la sistematicamente em todo o seu território. A despeito das polêmicas e tensões suscitadas inicialmente, o Estado avançou sobremaneira na estruturação do modelo de gestão baseado no tripé comitê-agência-cobrança. Os maiores desafios hoje se concentram em assegurar dois aspectos essenciais para a gestão dos recursos hídricos: (i) conferir agilidade/flexibilidade na aplicação dos recursos arrecadados e (ii) induzir maior racionalidade ao uso da água por parte dos serviços de abastecimento público em regiões caracterizadas por escassez crônica.
Influência de dados censurados no cálculo da concentração média das variáveis de qualidade da água demanda química de oxigênio e fosfato
Authors: Contar Thaisa de Souza , Destro Cesar Augusto Medeiros , Lima Gilson Alberto Rosa
Published: September 2015

Um dos problemas comumente encontrado na análise estatística de dados provenientes do monitoramento da qualidade da água envolve os chamados dados censurados. Este estudo mostra como os valores calculados das concentração médias de amostras que contenham dados censurados são influenciadas pelo tamanho da amostra, percentual de dados censurados e método de cálculo. As concentrações médias foram calculadas com os métodos de substituição e maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) para amostras de demanda química de oxigênio e fosfato. O intervalo de confiança da média foi utilizado como métrica de comparação. Os resultados revelam que as concentrações médias calculadas com o método de substituição simples se posiciona fora do intervalo de confiança. Já o método MLE calcula valores aceitáveis, porém, a eficácia do método depende de um limite de elasticidade do nível de censura e do tamanho da amostra.
Communication and access to information in assessing the quality of multiprofessional care of patients
Authors: Cavalheiro Leny Vieira , Andreoli Paola Bruno de Araújo , Medeiros Nadia Sueli de , Mendes Telma de Almeida Busch , Oliveira Roselaine , Cordeiro Júnia Jorge Rjeille , Figueiredo Rejane Augusta de Oliveira , Bork Anna Margherita Toldi
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the quality of a multiprofessional healthcare model for in-hospital patients by means of two performance indicators (communication and knowledge about the case). Methods: A cross-sectional study assessed the knowledge that professionals had about the clinical information of patients and the use of communication strategies by the team. Healthcare professionals were interviewed during their work period. Seven occupational categories were interviewed. A total of 199 medical charts were randomly selected for interviews, and 312 professionals of different categories were interviewed. The sample comprised mostly nurses and physical therapists in the charts that were interviewed. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the expected performing model group and the under-performing model group for sex, location and job. In the under-performing model group, a larger number of professionals correlated with less knowledge. Communication was improved when nurses had the relevant information about interdisciplinary care (97.4%), appropriate use of the Plan of Care form (97.0%), and formalized discussions with physicians (88.2%). In the expected performing model group, it was observed that the higher the number of healthcare professionals involved, the higher the communication levels. Conclusions: This model of care based on case knowledge and multiprofessional team communication performance indices allowed to assess quality of care. This assessment is measurable and there is the possibility of establishing the quality of care delivered.
Correlation between two physical activity programs in the gait of sedentary elderly subjects
Authors: Lanuez Mariana Varkala , Lanuez Fernanda Varkala , Montero Eduardo Gunther , Jacob Filho Wilson
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT Objectives: To assess the effect of exercise on gait using two different programs: a group of aerobic exercises (Group A, n = 18) and a group of flexibility and balance exercises (Group B, n = 19). Methods: A casualized controlled study, in which each sample controlled itself, was undertaken. The sample comprised 37 male and female subjects, aged from 60 to 90 years, from the outpatient clinic of the Geriatrics Unit of Hospital das Clínicas of Faculdade de Medicina of Universidade de São Paulo; the patients were sedentary and had not exercised regularly during the past six months. Results: Improvement of gait was seen mainly in the group that did specific exercises. Conclusion: The results of this study underline the importance of physical exercises in sedentary elderly subjects, but show the need for programming the exercises towards specific goals, which can optimize the results of this tool of health promotion for the elderly.
Frequency of peri-intraventricular hemorrhage and its associated factors in premature newborns
Authors: Guzman Evelyn Arrais , Bertagnon José Ricardo Dias , Juliano Yara
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the frequency of intracranial hemorrhage and its associated factors in premature newborns. Methods: A cross-sectional study based on a survey of medical records of premature neonates submitted to transfontanellar ultrasound at a hospital located in a southern neighborhood of the city of São Paulo, in 2007. Results: A 50% rate of intracranial hemorrhage was found among premature newborns submitted to transfontanellar ultrasound, and 15.35% among all premature babies born in this hospital in 2007. The statistically significant factors associated to intracranial hemorrhage were gestational age less than 32 weeks, absence of prenatal care, invasive mechanical ventilation, infection, blood transfusion, hyaline membrane disease, hyponatremia and hyperglycemia. Conclusions: The frequency of peri-intraventricular hemorrhage was 50% in patients at risk and 15.35% among all premature babies; the associated factors were gestational age less than 32 weeks, absence of prenatal care, need of invasive mechanical ventilation, infection, blood transfusion, hyaline membrane disease, hyponatremia and hyperglycemia.
Total hip and knee joint replacement: perioperative clinical aspects
Authors: Piano Luciana Pereira Almeida de , Golmia Ricardo Prado , Scheinberg Morton
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the profile of patients undergoing hip and knee replacement during two years, and to compare the data obtained with the literature. Methods: A total of 323 medical records were reviewed to analyze the perioperative data of patients submitted to hip and knee replacement. Results: Osteoarthritis was the main indication for both procedures and male patients were heavier than females (p < 0.05). Hypertension was the prevalent disease among patients. Blood loss was more frequent in knee surgery than in the hip. Conclusions: The profile of patients undergoing total arthroplasty improved substantially over the past decade due to shorter hospital stay, lower risk of thromboembolic events and no infection as compared to previous reports.
Markov Models in health care
Authors: Sato Renato Cesar , Zouain Désirée Moraes
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT Markov Chains provide support for problems involving decision on uncertainties through a continuous period of time. The greater availability and access to processing power through computers allow that these models can be used more often to represent clinical structures. Markov models consider the patients in a discrete state of health, and the events represent the transition from one state to another. The possibility of modeling repetitive events and time dependence of probabilities and utilities associated permits a more accurate representation of the evaluated clinical structure. These templates can be used for economic evaluation in health care taking into account the evaluation of costs and clinical outcomes, especially for evaluation of chronic diseases. This article provides a review of the use of modeling within the clinical context and the advantages of the possibility of including time for this type of study.
Effect of wide-flange-steel geometry on the long-term shortening of steel-reinforced concrete columns
Authors: An Gyeong-Hee , Kwon Seung-Hee , Kim Jin-Keun
Published: September 2015

Column shortening due to creep and shrinkage of concrete should be predicted accurately, especially in high-rise buildings. One of the main mechanisms of creep and shrinkage is moisture diffusion. However, in steel-reinforced concrete columns, which are widely used in high-rise buildings, the wide-flange steel located inside the column hinders the diffusion of moisture. Consequently, the long-term shortening of the column is delayed due to the slower diffusion. A prediction method that takes into account the actual moisture diffusion inside the column is suggested in this paper. The effect of the wide-flange-steel geometry on the long-term deformation of concrete in a column is precisely demonstrated through parametric studies using this method. The results of the parametric study show that the ratio of the web length of the wide-flange steel to the square column size is one of the main parameters affecting the long-term deformation of concrete in steel-reinforced concrete columns.
Learner Inclinations to Study Computer Science or Information Systems at Tertiary Level
Authors: Jacobs C , Sewry DA
Published: September 2015

After the so‐called “dot‐com crash” of the Internet in the early 2000s, tertiary level student enrolments in IT‐related

subjects began to experience a significant decline both in international countries and South Africa. The paper replicates

research done in the Western Cape, South Africa, by Seymour et al. (2005) [20], in which grade 12 learner inclinations to study

Computer Science (CS) and Information Systems (IS) at tertiary level were analysed and underlying factors affecting their

interest in the subjects were determined. The study analyses the “misguided” perceptions that learners and students have of

these subjects; the implications of the decline in enrolments on students, educational sectors and industry; and determines a set

of underlying factors that influence learners in their attitudes toward further degrees in IT, starting from the secondary level of

education.

The research compares South African Eastern Cape learner perceptions with those from the Western Cape study and establishes

three to four years later, that the reasons behind the decline in IT enrolments are still influenced by an underlying demographic

and digital divide.
Investigations into the use of Snomed CT to enhance an OpenMRS health information system
Authors: Halland Ken , Britz Katarina , Gerber Aurona
Published: September 2015

In this paper, we discuss the advantages of using formal medical ontologies to enhance health information systems. In particular, we consider the suitability of the medical ontology Snomed CT for enhancing a health information system developed in the OpenMRS framework. We propose ways in which a module of Snomed CT can be linked to an OpenMRS application, based on an implementation analysis.
The factors that influence customer e-services adoption
Authors: Persad Kamisha , Padayachee Keshnee
Published: September 2015

The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the investigation into customer e-service adoption. The investigation includes a qualitative survey and observation of participants using e-services. E-services are used to attract customers and persuade them to transact online and the customer’s perception of an e-service contributes greatly to e-service adoption or rejection. This paper describes the factors that influence customer perception towards e-services. Relationships between the identified factors were also considered in order to build a conceptual framework. Grounded theory was used for its flexibility, repetitive comparisons of data, and emergence of concepts and theories.
Platelet‐Poor and Platelet‐Rich Plasma Stimulate Bone Lineage Differentiation in Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells
Authors: Martínez Constanza E. , González Sergio A. , Palma Verónica , Smith Patricio C.
Published: September 2015

Background: Plasma‐derived fractions have been used as an autologous source of growth factors; however, limited knowledge concerning their biologic effects has hampered their clinical application. In this study, the authors analyze the content and specific effect of both platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) and platelet‐poor plasma (PPP) on osteoblastic differentiation using primary cultures of human periodontal ligament stem cells (HPLSCs).

Methods: The authors evaluated the growth factor content of PRP and PPP using a proteome profiler array and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. HPLSCs were characterized by flow cytometry and differentiation assays. The effect of PRP and PPP on HPLSC bone differentiation was analyzed by quantifying calcium deposition after 14 and 21 days of treatment.

Results: Albeit at different concentrations, the two fractions had similar profiles of growth factors, the most representative being platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) isoforms (PDGF‐AA, ‐BB, and ‐AB), insulin‐like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)‐2, and IGFBP‐6. Both formulations exerted a comparable stimulus on osteoblastic differentiation even at low doses (2.5%), increasing calcium deposits in HPLSCs.

Conclusions: PRP and PPP showed a similar protein profile and exerted comparable effects on bone differentiation. Further studies are needed to characterize and compare the effects of PPP and PRP on bone healing in vivo.
Darcy and non-Darcy Flows in Fractured Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Mustapha Hussein , de Langavant Louis , Giddins Marie Ann
Published: September 2015

In this paper, we discuss the application of Forchheimer’s model in flow problems where high sensitivity to capillary pressure is involved. The Forchheimer equation is basically composed of a Darcy term and a non-Darcy term to account for the inertial effects involved by high flow rates inside porous media. However, the Forchheimer equation does not offer an easy and systematic approach for estimating the flow, given that the β parameter, a non-Darcy flow coefficient, also known as the Forchheimer coefficient, is specific to different reservoir characteristics and must be determined accurately through experiments. It is, therefore, very important, before applying the Forchheimer model, to have an idea of its domain of applicability.

It is commonly accepted that non-Darcy flow may occur especially in gas reservoirs, fractured reservoirs, near-wellbore regions, and inside wells. But the limits of the Forchheimer model limits are not clearly defined and its impact at field scale for reservoir engineering purposes is not very well established. This paper presents one possible domain of applicability of the Forchheimer model for a fractured gas reservoir model with water injection. The model has been designed to approach the conditions requiring the use of the Forchheimer model, which are high rates and high permeability. Oil and gas fractured reservoirs with water injection are also known to be very sensitive to capillary pressure data. Capillary pressure is a determinant parameter influencing fluid mobility in two-phase reservoirs. The determining of accurate capillary pressure data is essential to get satisfying results, especially in fractured reservoirs. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of capillary pressure on non-Darcy flows and compares the results with the results predicted by the Darcy model.
On Robust and Efficient Parallel Reservoir Simulation on Tianhe-2
Authors: Guan Wenchao , Qiao Changhe , Zhang Hongxuan , Zhang Chen-Song , Zhi Meipeng , Zhu Zhifan , Zheng Zhenying , Ye Weicai , Zhang Yongdong , Hu Xiaozhe , Li Zheng , Feng Chunsheng , Xu Yuesheng , Xu Jinchao
Published: September 2015

Parallel reservoir simulators are now widely used with availability of super computers. Modern massively parallel supercomputers demonstrate great power for simulating large-scale reservoir models. However, improving scalability and efficiency for fully implicit methods on emerging parallel architectures is still challenging. In this paper, we present a robust discretization together with a parallel linear solver algorithm; and we explore the parallel implementation on the world’s fastest supercomputer Tianhe-2.

Starting with a general compositional model, we focus on the black oil model and developed Parallel eXtension Framework for parallelizing the serial simulator. A parallel preconditioner based on fast auxiliary space preconditioning (FASP) is applied to solve the Jacobian system arising from the fully implicit discretization. The parallel simulator was validated using large-scale black oil benchmark problems, for which parallel scalabilities were tested. Giant reservoir models with over 100 million grid blocks have been simulated within a few minutes, and test the strong scalability of AMG solver with 1 billion unknown. We also demonstrate the parallelization and acceleration using Intel Xeon Phi coprocessors. In the end, the efficiency of the parallel simulator is illustrated by a giant reservoir using up to 10,000 cores, for which the CPU and communication time are summarized for the linear and nonlinear algorithms.
Impact of Wellbore Orientation on Fracture Initiation Pressure in Maximum Tensile Stress Criterion Model for Tight Gas Field in the Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Briner Andreas , Florez Juan Chavez , Nadezhdin Sergey , Gurmen Nihat , Alekseenko Olga , Cherny Sergey , Kuranakov Dmitry , Lapin Vasily
Published: September 2015

The goal of the present work is to numerically simulate the effects of wellbore orientation on fracture initiation pressure (FIP). These simulations support the study of FIP sensitivity to arbitrary wellbore position and finding the orientations that correspond to the lowest FIP. A 3D numerical model of the fracture initiation from a perforated wellbore in linear elastic rock is used to model FIP. This model is based on the boundary element method (BEM) and maximum tensile stress (MTS) criterion. The data used were from different zones and blocks of a tight gas-bearing sandstone field in the Sultanate of Oman. The amount and quality of available data allowed comprehensive model development. The model is built for the four blocks of the main field, but can be applied to the other blocks and fields. Since the equations and correlations are not empirical and not field-specific, the model is applicable to a wide range of conditions. Some practical applications of the study include selection of the optimum perforated intervals intended for fracturing stimulation in deviated or almost horizontal wellbores where different parts of lateral sections are not exactly aligned with principal stresses. Drilling wells in a particular direction to the principal stresses for the specific reason to reduce the FIP has not been tested to date and is a subject to further discussion.
Capillary Pressure Considerations in Numerical Reservoir Simulation Studies-Conclusion Maps
Authors: Shams M.. , El-Banbi A. H. , Khairy M..
Published: September 2015

Capillary pressure has been typically used for reservoir simulation model initialization where the initial fluids saturations are distributed all over the model. Different transition zones are set to avoid abrupt change from the minimum to the maximum saturation of any reservoir fluid, and consequently it directly affects the volumes of original fluids in place. After the step of initialization, the effect of capillary pressure on reservoir performance may not be fully understood for different drive mechanisms. In non-fractured reservoirs numerical simulation studies, capillary pressure is sometimes completely ignored during model construction and validation. On the other hand, in fractured reservoirs simulation studies, zero capillary pressure in fractures is usually used without a clear understanding of how this parameter affects the simulation accuracy.

The aim of this work is to show the effect of both oil-water and gas-oil capillary pressures on the numerical simulation of reservoirs producing under natural depletion, water injection, and gas injection recovery processes over a wide range of reservoirs and production parameters. Capillary pressure effects are studied for both fractured and non-fractured reservoirs.

For fractured reservoirs, both matrix and fracture capillary pressures effects were investigated when capillary pressure imbibition is the only drive mechanism and when both capillary pressure imbibition and gravity drainage recovery mechanisms are active together. To quantify this effect, simulation results of large and small transition zones were compared with models of zero transition zones and three difference indicators were calculated for each run. Hundreds of runs were made to quantify these effects in a variety of reservoir heterogeneity levels.

For both fractured and non-fractured reservoirs, it was found that capillary pressure effects are different for different recovery processes. While capillary pressure is usually important for initialization, it may not be as important during flow calculations in every situation. In general capillary pressure is more important in depletion runs than in most displacement runs. It was found that no clear correlation existed between capillary pressure effects and the level of reservoir heterogeneity. Also, fracture gas-oil capillary pressure is important under certain conditions for fractured reservoirs. A field model, based on real data, was also used to confirm the results obtained from hypothetical models and validate the study conclusions. Finally, guidelines were developed to show when capillary pressure was important and when it can be ignored.

This work is to complete the research done and published in Shams et al. (2013) and Shams (2014). Additional runs were performed to validate the results. The results and study conclusions are derived in shape of conclusion maps to be easier to use.
Automated Hydraulic Units, Fluid Types, and Free-Fluid Levels Resolved Using New Algorithms Applicable to Distributed Pressure Measurements
Authors: Dubost F. X. , Marché O.. , Pop J. J. , Ayan C.. , Guyomar Y.. , Blinov V.. , Weinheber P..
Published: September 2015

Distributed static pressure measurements are routinely used in exploration settings to delineate reservoirs, determine reserves, and help make development plans and in development settings to monitor reservoir performance. However, the detailed analysis of such data is typically cumbersome and left to specialists in this field. Frequently, this leads to a non-optimal integration of valuable and expensive datasets into reservoir models. A new method is discussed in this paper that automatically analyzes distributed pressure datasets acquired in single or multiple wells. The results are compared to frequently employed manual interpretation techniques.

The new solutions consist of determining hydraulic units, fluid types, and free-fluid levels in an automated and optimal manner. First, in the time domain, the test type—valid or invalid—is identified; for instance, from the pressure time response, dry or lost-seal tests are identified and discarded. Secondly, a measure of the confidence in the pressure measurements for each valid test is quantified using a set of six criteria. These criteria are combined to form a single score for each test. The scores are subsequently used as weights in the statistical tests employed. Thirdly, in the depth domain, an algorithm using statistical measures on all the data is run sequentially to determine pressure gradient groups that define unique fluid types and hydraulic units. The procedure then calculates free-fluid levels in an optimized manner using the reservoir architecture model results computed from the previous step. Finally, once reservoirs in a multiwell context have been delineated and their associated fluid types identified, uncertainties in the free-fluid levels can be estimated using either Monte Carlo simulation with given pressure and depth error distributions or by computing directly the standard error around the free-fluid level from the standard errors and gradient values of the two fluids in equilibrium.

A database of over 500 tests was used to validate the criteria used to establish the uncertainty quantifications made around each time domain measurement. The new workflow was used on formation tester datasets and the resulting optimized solutions were compared to the results from the traditional manual pressure gradient evaluation technique. The study showed that the new, automated method is capable of predicting the architecture of reservoirs through the identification of hydraulic units and free-fluid levels for each reservoir. The results also showed the positive impact of weighting the gradient data by the quality control scores.

The significance of this work and its novelty is the development of a simple analysis technique that may be consistently applied in the interpretation of distributed pressure data or that may be used as a starting point for subsequent interpretations.
Learning from health care in other countries: the prospect of comparative research
Authors: Van Teijlingen Edwin , Benoit Cecilia , Bourgeault Ivy , DeVries Raymond , Sandall Jane , Wrede Sirpa
Published: September 2015

It is widely accepted that policy-makers (in Nepal and elsewhere) can learn valuable lessons from the way other countries run their health and social services. We highlight some of the specific contributions the discipline of sociology can make to cross-national comparative research in the public health field. Sociologists call attention to often unnoticed social and cultural factors that influence the way national reproductive health care systems are created and operated. In this paper we address questions such as: ‘Why do these health services appear to be operating successfully in one country, but not another?’; ‘What is it in one country that makes a particular public health intervention successful and how is the cultural context different in a neighbouring country?’ The key examples in this paper focus on maternity care and sex education in the Netherlands and the UK, as examples to highlight the power of cross-national research. Our key messages are: a) Cross-national comparative research can help us to understand the design and running of health services in one country, say Nepal, by learning from a comparison with other countries, for example Sri Lanka or India. b) Cultural factors unique to a country affect the way that reproductive health care systems operate. c) Therefore,we need to understand why and how services work in a certain cultural context before we start trying to implement them in another cultural context.
Hepatitis B and HIV in Children and Pregnant Ladies at Patan Hospital
Authors: Ansari Imran
Published: September 2015

Introductions: The primary objective of this study was to find the prevalence of Hepatitis B and HIV infections in children and pregnant ladies visiting Patan Hospital. The secondary objective wasto investigate how these individuals may have got infected, the clinical presentation and outcome. Methods: Laboratory records of all individuals tested for Hepatitis B and HIV between 2006 July to 2011 Aug were included. The charts were reviewed for history and clinical findings Results: Out of 44,958 individuals who were tested, 229 were positive. The prevalence of HIV was 0.2% and HBV 0.3% and both was 0.01% (5). The numbers of children under age of 15 and of pregnant ladies were 13 and 32 respectively. Risk factors identified in 40 adult patients were: intravenous drug use, multiple sex partners, working abroad and long distance drivers. Twenty-seven patients died, all with HIV. Of the 32 pregnant ladies 31 were discovered by routine testing. All the babies born were healthy. Fever, cough and breathing difficulty were the most common presenting features. Ten were treated for pneumonia and 3 for TB. Parents of 5 HIV-infected infants also had the same infection themselves. There was no death among children. Conclusions: The prevalence of HBV and HIV was low. HBV was a ‘hidden’ infection, discovered on routine testing of asymptomatic pregnant ladies. Almost all children got these infections through vertical transmission. Plain Language Summary: This study was conducted to see prevalence of Hepatitis B and HIV in pregnant ladies and children at Patan Hospital, Nepal. Charts were reviewed. Prevalence of both was found to be very low. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v1i1.13012 Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences. 2014 Jun;1(1):26-29
Ruptured Uterus Requiring Emergency Hysterectomy for Saving Mother
Authors: Pradhan Binita , Pradhan Anagha
Published: September 2015

A 26 years woman with G3P2L0AO at 40 weeks and 6 days of gestation, but no antenatal clinic visit history presented to Gynecology and Obstetrics out patient clinic complaining decreased feeling of fetal movement since 2 days. Ultrasonography examination revealed fetal demise with amniotic fluid volume of 28 cm. Emergency lower segment caesarean section for ante partum hemorrhage was done. A vertical rupture of the posterior aspect of the uterus from fundus upto the level of cervix with hemoperitoneum of two liters was detected. A macerated dead fetus weighing 3.5 Kg was lying in the peritoneal cavity and the placenta was already partially separated. The mother after hysterectomy was treated in ICU for two days with antihyperglycemic agent additionally and discharged.Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences. 2014 Jun;1(1):46-48
Integrating Truck Emissions Cost in Traffic Assignment
Authors: Foytik Peter , Robinson R. Michael
Published: September 2015

The adverse impacts of greenhouse gasses (GHG) and the imperative for reducing the existing rate of GHG production are well established. In the United States, the largest source of GHG emissions from human activities is from burning fossil fuels, primarily for the generation of electricity and transportation. The transportation sector accounts for 28% of all U.S. GHG production. Heavy-duty vehicles, such as large freight trucks, account for nearly one-fifth of the U.S. total, and this fraction is expected to grow rapidly. Consequently, many efforts are being used to reduce the total emissions of freight trucks. Most efforts emphasize one of four areas: engineering improvements to improve fuel economy or reduce emissions, shifts to other transport modes, improved logistics to reduce the movement of partially full or empty containers, and reduced travel costs for individual trucks. A few studies have assessed modifications to route choice considerations as a means of improving the fuel economy of individual vehicles and show potential gains. In this study, the potential gains of emissions-based route choice were assessed by integrating the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency motor vehicle emission simulator with a macroscopic regional traffic demand model. For this integration, route choices included a simplified emissions calculation within the repeated model iteration runs of an algorithm of the Frank–Wolfe type. The analyses suggested that reductions of freight truck emissions were possible and showed an example in which the total system's truck emissions were reduced by up to 0.61% (88.8 tons).
ASSESSMENT OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF HISTORIC MIXED MASONRY
Authors: WITZANY Jiří , ČEJKA Tomáš , SÝKORA Miroslav , HOLICKÝ Milan
Published: September 2015

The majority of load-bearing masonry structures of historic buildings are built of mixed or stone masonry composed of regular or irregular (so-called quarry) masonry units – bricks, sedimentary and metamorphic rock – pos­sessing often very different physical and mechanical characteristics. The identification of residual mechanical properties of stone or mixed masonry of irregular walling units requires the application of a suitable diagnostic method, the as­sessment of the phase of degradation processes and the choice of an appropriate probabilistic model for the strength of mixed masonry. The presented experimental research involves the analysis of the heterogeneity (homogeneity) of mixed masonry of a church from the 17th century. The probabilistic model for masonry strength is developed on the basis of destructive and non-destructive testing of masonry units and mortar. It appears that the probabilistic approach leads to a design value by 75% higher than the deterministic approach.
Letter to the Editor: Orthostatic Reactivity in Patients with Ischemic Stroke in the Chronic Period. OA Maced J Med Sci. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2015.090
Authors: Vasileva Danche
Published: September 2015

I am writing you about our publication Orthostatic Reactivity in Patients with Ischemic Stroke in the Chronic Period, published OnlineFirst in OA Maced J Med Sci on August 01, 2015 [1].Tables and Figures are not adequate for this publication, because they are from the previously published paper Orthostatic Reactivity in Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy. OA Maced J Med Sci. 2014 Jun 15; 2(2):244-248 [2].I am sending you correct Tables and Figures and ask you to correct them, if possible. Previous Tables and Figures were attached by mistake.I would be very grateful if you can correct them.Vasileva D, Lubenova D, Mihova M, Grigorova-Petrova K, Dimitrova A. Orthostatic Reactivity in Patients with Ischemic Stroke in the Chronic Period. OA Maced J Med Sci. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2015.090Orthostatic Reactivity in Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy. OA Maced J Med Sci. 2014 Jun 15; 2(2):244-248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2014.039Â Danche Vasileva,University â€œGoce Delchevâ€,Faculty of Medical Sciences,Shtip, Republic of Macedonia
Donner la boxe en spectacle
Authors: Ville Sylvain
Published: September 2015

Cet article esquisse l’étude des premiers spectacles pugilistiques à Paris à la Belle Époque. Analyser la genèse d’une pratique comme la boxe professionnelle ne peut se limiter à l’étude de son institutionnalisation par les fédérations sportives mais suppose de considérer qu’elle relève dans le même temps du spectacle. Loin d’être opposées ces deux « logiques » interagissent et font de la boxe une activité située au croisement de deux univers. En effet, la boxe est doublement codifiée, à la fois par le sport et par le spectacle, sans pour autant que ces codifications ne relèvent de l’action exclusive des dirigeants fédéraux ou d’industriels du spectacle. Empiriquement, cette approche implique également de se décentrer des archives sportives au sens strict pour se tourner vers les archives du spectacle, mais aussi de ceux qui le rendent possible. En déplaçant le regard sur cette pratique, on offre alors la possibilité de mieux comprendre les transformations sociales et institutionnelles qui ont permis l’émergence de la boxe professionnelle comme spectacle.
Le pouvoir d’interdire
Authors: El Boujjoufi Taïeb
Published: September 2015

Rien de plus banal que l’examen médical auquel quiconque ne peut se soustraire – depuis 1942 – pour accéder aux compétitions sportives. Celui-ci s’applique à tous, même si l’intensité du contrôle exercé croît avec les niveaux de pratique, comme chez les sportifs d’élite qui doivent se plier à une batterie de tests toujours plus poussés. Autant d’épreuves contraignantes voire intrusives qui sont d’autant plus acceptées que la population est socialement préparée à s’y soumettre. Parvenue à se faire oublier comme telle – c’est-à-dire à occulter l’arbitraire de son imposition –, l’effet de dépossession qu’engendre cette action médicale tire sa force de la méconnaissance de ce qu’elle impose, et de la manière de s’imposer comme un de ces instruments légitime de veille sanitaire et de détermination des aptitudes. Seul un travail d’anamnèse consistant à élucider la genèse sociale de ce passage obligé peut permettre d’en saisir aussi bien les champs d’application que l’ensemble des présupposés et implications qui échappent au discours.
« Elle ne vaut pas un caramel ! »
Authors: Viaud Baptiste
Published: September 2015

Si le titre de « médecin du sport » est commun à ceux qui se sont formés avec succès pour le devenir, les fonctions exercées diffèrent et les pratiques médicales de suivi des sportifs de haut niveau révèlent des jeux de concurrence. Les médecins attachés aux institutions sportives exercent leur art « sur place » et font reposer leur expertise sur « l’expérience » acquise. À leur différence, les médecins qui exercent au sein d’un service hospitalier inscrivent leur légitimité dans une haute « technicité », qu’ils justifient par « la maîtrise des outils ». Incomparables du point de vue de leurs manières de faire, ils s’engagent pourtant ensemble dans une entreprise de mesures des capacités athlétiques. Cet article se propose d’interroger les formes de classement des sportifs opérées dans la logique d’un marché de l’évaluation médicale. Le dispositif réglementaire qui organise le suivi médical des « athlètes de haut niveau » répond tout autant qu’il participe à la fabrique de cette population spécifique.