bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In vitro bacterial adherence on teeth submitted to whitening with Musa paradisiaca.
Authors:   Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego. Práctica Privada – Perú., Pantigozo-Morán Úrsula , González-Cabeza José ,   Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología. Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego – Perú., Espinoza-Salcedo María ,   Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego. Práctica Privada – Perú.
Published: January 2023

Objetive: To compare in vitro bacterial adherence on teeth submitted to whitening with 50% ethanolic extract of Musa paradisiaca and 35% hydrogen peroxide. Material and Methods: The study was experimental and used 18 premolars that were grouped into: G1 (control), G2 (50% ethanol extract of Musa paradisiaca) and G3 (35% hydrogen peroxide). The teeth were then exposed to a Streptococcus mutans culture for 24 hours, followed by centrifugation in thioglycolate broth. A culture on trypticase soy agar was done with a 1 in 100 dilution, and after 48 hours colony forming units (CFU) were counted. Statistical analysis was performed using the ANOVA test, complemented by the Bonferroni post-hoc. Results: Bacterial adherence was 77x105 CFU/ml in Group 3 using 35% hydrogen peroxide, 40x105 CFU/ml in Group 2 using 50% ethanol extract of Musa paradisiaca, and 89x104 CFU/ml in Group 1 (control). The difference between the three groups was significant (p=0.000). Conclusion: Both whitening methods cause bacterial adherence to the tooth surface, although to a lower degree with Musa paradisiaca.eses.
A Protocol for a Scoping Review of The Use of Mental Simulation and Full-Scale Simulation in Practising Healthcare Decision-making Skills of Undergraduate Nursing Students. v1
Authors: DOGAN Burcu
Published: January 2023

Abstract Introduction Full-scale simulation (FSS) has been the most commonly used simulation modality in nursing education due to its applicability to enhance both technical and non-technical skills. However, being excessively costly and other factors such as technophobia and lack of trained staff and support make FSS less accessible, especially for nursing education. Therefore, a novel mental simulation that is interactive and supported by visual elements can substitute for FSS, at least for some of the skills, such as clinical decision-making. Reviews comparing the effectiveness of FSS and mental simulation on decision-making skills in nursing students are lacking. Further knowledge on the effectiveness of these two modalities on decision-making skills for nursing students is needed to inform the nursing education curriculum and to decide between the two modalities. This scoping review aims to explore the effect of FSS and mental simulation on the decision-making skills of nursing students. Method The methodological framework for scoping review will be followed for this scoping review. Scopus, EBSCOhost the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), MEDLINE and for the grey literature ERIC and BASE will be searched for related studies. The search will be limited to January 2008 and November 2022 (up-to-date) and English. A detailed search strategy was developed with an experienced research information manager and this strategy will be adapted to each database. A single screening will be performed by an author who will screen all abstracts and titles and full-text publications. After the study selection step of the framework, the data from the included studies will be charted using a data extraction form. The data will be synthesised by comparing the effect of FSS and mental simulation on decision-making skills. Discussion A synopsis of the publication on FSS and mental simulation on nurse students’ decision-making skills will be useful for stakeholders when choosing between two modalities to deliver decision-making skills to nursing students, and also help to inform the nursing education and simulation practice.
Syrian Refugees and Xenophobia: The Role of Gender, Education, Perceived Economic Income, and Age
Authors: PADIR Mehmet Ali , ERDUR-BAKER Özgür
Published: January 2023

In the present study, it was aimed to examine the effect of gender, education level, perceived socio-economic status and age on the xenophobic attitudes of local people toward Syrian refugees in Turkey. The data, based on AFAD (2018) refugees’ reports, were collected from 604 volunteers aged between 16 and 85 living in six provinces. The Revised Xenophobia Scale was used to collect the data. The relationship between gender and xenophobia was examined by using t-test analysis and the relationship between participants’ education level, perceived socio-economic status and age, and xenophobic attitudes towards Syrian refugees were examined by using one-way variance analysis. Interaction effects of gender and education level, perceived socio-economic status, and age on xenophobia were also analyzed with different two-way ANOVAs. The findings showed that being male, having a high school or lower education level, having low socio-economic conditions, and being 46 and over aged increase the xenophobic attitudes of individuals towards Syrian refugees. Finally, it was determined that the source of the relationship between education level, socio-economic status, age and xenophobia came from these variables and was independent of their gender. In other words, the interactions effects of gender and of these variables on xenophobia were not significant.
Insured Privately? Wealth Stratification of Job Loss in the UK
Authors: Bedük Selçuk
Published: January 2023

Job loss is a significant income shock that can lead to declines in living standards and satisfaction. Wealth can provide a key resource in stratifying the risk and the consequences of such an event. In this article, I examine the extent to which wealth stratified the experience of job loss in the UK from 1991 to 2008. I distinguish between different wealth groups using information on homeownership and home value of primary residency, and then study whether these groups face different risks and/or consequences of job loss. The results show that renters were a significantly disadvantaged group compared to homeowners during the observation period. Not only did they faced a significantly higher risk of job loss, they also experienced greater declines in earnings, household income, and life satisfaction, and larger increases in income poverty in the year of job loss. Among homeowners, the risk and consequences of job loss were similar. In a country like the UK with minimal public insurance for unemployment, homeownership appears to provide a significant source of stratification for job loss.
Patterns of Detachment: Spatial Transformations of the Phosphate Industry in el-Quseir, Egypt
Authors: Damir Mirhan , Meyer Martin , Aziz Hellen
Published: January 2023

The establishment of phosphate mines and processing plants by Italian entrepreneurs in el-Quseir in 1912 revitalized a town that had faced a steady decline after the opening of the Suez Canal and re-linked it to the world economy. To this day, the now defunct industrial site occupies a large section of physical el-Quseir and plays a key role in its identity. In this article, we explore the impact of the company’s successive industrialization and deindustrialization based on archival research, interviews, and mapping. By tracing physical changes on-site and in the city of el-Quseir from the founding of its phosphate industry until today, as well as the historical and current interactions of citizens with the industrial facilities, we hope to better understand the “cluster value” of the industrial plant in quotidian life and the effect of the vacuum left behind after the termination of production. As machinery and buildings are slowly eroding in the absence of expressed interest by the former Italian and current Egyptian owners, we aim to discuss the relationship between the citizens and their el-Quseir phosphate plant as a crucial element of its heritage value at the local level.
Emotional Regulation in Substance Uses Disorders and Their Generation
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Tan Tan Davani Hamila
Published: January 2023

The present article focuses on emotion regulation as a predictors and treatment of substance addictions, the scope of this theoretical review is in response to the problematic issue of emotional dysregulation and its intergenerational trauma among families with substance use disorders. It is emphasized that substance dependence is a disorder characterized by a disturbance in the regulation of emotional processes. It has been found that the use of drugs in order to quickly relieve emotional pain acts as a very strong negative reinforcer and disrupts the foundations of the development of emotional management in the consumer. Of course, the children of these families do not learn emotional skills through modeling sick behavior and have difficulty in regulating and managing their emotions. Therefore, the importance of emotional skills and strengthening the management of emotions in the context of restoring emotional maturity and mental health has been investigated as one of the important tools for addiction recovery and the mental health of substance addictions and their children. In the field of emotional management psychotherapy, two classic forms of addiction treatment, which are Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), have been examined and compared. The two main known components of CBT for addiction, cognitive-behavioral therapy and functional analysis and training, are generally known to be effective in managing negative emotions. The two main known components of CBT for addiction, cognitive-behavioral therapy and functional analysis and skill training, are generally known to be effective in managing negative emotions. By analyzing specific emotional disorders among substance users' families, these emotional problems have been identified and classified, and in this regard, investigated why skills through emotion regulation therapy (ERT) is a vital part of addiction treatment.
Media Psychological Expertise Audio-Visual Products
Authors:   Institute for Social and Political Psychology, NAES of Ukraine, Chaplinska Iuliia
Published: January 2023

The article raises the current problem for Ukrainian society as the mechanisms of media regulators, which cover sensitive topics that may adversely affect the psychological and moral development of children. The author reviews scientific research related to the negative impact of television programs on child development and justifies the need for media psychological expertise to protect children in the information space and the ability to defend this right in court. The main purpose of the article is to substantiate the scientific construct of media psychological expertise. In connection with this purpose the author presents its methodological principles: typology of leading types of visual, audiovisual mass media and algorithms of visual media texts research, classification of information destructive influences of media (Cherepovska), five planes of film analysis (Chaplinskaya), different types of analysis of media texts (Fedorov) and detailed typology of audiovisual media perception (Hilko), age periodization of media risks and criteria for harming the psychological well-being of children with media products (Naidenova), as well as methods of psychological research in cases of moral suffering to the person (Savkina et al.). The author defines the scientific construct of media psychological examination, describes its object, subject, list of main tasks, methods, process and substantiates the requirements for the competence of the expert. Prospects for research on this topic were outlined in the form of supplementing the procedure of media psychological examination, formation of a psychodiagnostic minimum for the examination of minors, development of curricula for experts, and perhaps the formation of a separate discipline for higher education.
Health Care as a Factor of Life Satisfaction and Quality of Life of Ukrainians During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Kostiuk Institute of Psychology, NAES of Ukraine, Chykhantsova Olena
Published: January 2023

The article presents an analysis of the problem of medical services and the quality of medical care to the population of Ukraine and their impact on life satisfaction and quality of life during the Covid-19 pandemic. The main aim of the study is to quantify the impact of various factors on health and life satisfaction, as well as satisfaction with medical services. The respondents completed an author's questionnaire, which includes assessment of life satisfaction and assessment of subjective quality of life. Data were collected from 385 people from different regions of Ukraine, different in profession, in age between 16 to 65. The results of the study present that the quality of life during quarantine among Ukrainians has decreased. It was found that the majority of Ukrainians surveyed are also dissatisfied with the quality of care for junior medical staff. It has been studied that people's financial and health conditions before quarantine directly affected satisfaction and quality of life during the Covid-19 pandemic. Relationships between scales of happiness, quality of life and life satisfaction have been identified. Satisfaction is an important indicator of the quality of health care. The results suggest that Ukrainians need more medical care, ranging from prevention, treatment, referral and rehabilitation during the Covid-19 pandemic. It was found that timely and high-quality medical services were complicated during the pandemic. In order to provide quality medical services, it is also necessary to take into account such factors as the method of providing medical care, as well as factors that are part of the health care system.
Unified system and classification of indicators for integral assessment of the performance and effectiveness of medical care organization at the regional level in the Russian Federation
Authors: Omelyanovskiy V. V. , Mikhailov I. А. , Lukyantseva D. V. , Samsonova Е. S. , Lebedenko G. G.
Published: January 2023

Objective: development of a unified system and classification of indicators for an integral assessment of performance and effectiveness of the organization of medical care (MC) at the regional level in the Russian Federation (RF).

Material and methods. A systematic search for domestic and foreign scientific publications and a comprehensive analysis of the current regulatory legal acts in the field of health care for the presence of indicators characterizing the effectiveness of MC organization in the RF regions were performed. The search for indicators of effectiveness was carried out in analytical reports based on the results of field events of national medical research centers (NMRC) in the constituent entities of the RF for 2019, 2020 and 2021 in various profiles of MC. In total, 3019 analytical reports on the results of field events and 97 annual public reports on the results of the NMRC activities were analyzed.

Results. Three options for classifying indicators were formed: according to the method of obtaining (primary, calculated, secondary qualitative); in relation to the final result (resulting, process (surrogate)); classification of parameters that determine the MC system, including in the context of profiles, forms, types, conditions of MC (18 positions). The proposed unified system and classification of indicators has a number of advantages compared with the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and Commonwealth Fund indicators adopted in a number of countries. It was established that international systems use mainly resulting indicators, while the domestic health care system uses exclusively process indicators that are not combined into a single system and are monitored by various departments.

Conclusion. The presented approach to a unified system and classification of indicators for an integrated assessment of performance and effectiveness of MC organization allows to determine the priorities for the development of a monitoring system. At the same time, it should be noted that this approach requires further discussion and improvement.
The effect of boron on the protective properties of aluminide coatings
Authors:   Institute of Engineering Science, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pugacheva N. B. , Polyakov P. A. ,   Institute of Engineering Science, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2023

The effect of the formation, microstructure, phase composition, and protective properties of diffusion aluminide coatings alloyed with boron on the EI69 heat-resistant steel and the EI929 nickel alloy is studied. In the course of saturation, boron easily diffuses over the interstices of the B2 crystal lattice of aluminides, thus forming interstitial solid solutions. In this case, the Al content in the coating decreases, thereby implementing the possibility of increasing the plasticity of the coating while maintaining high protective properties. By binding refractory corrosive elements (Mo, W, Nb, etc.) into corrosion-resistant borides, boron increases the overall resistance of the coating in molten Na2SO4 and NaCl salts at 700 °C by an order of magnitude and improves the resistance of the surface to erosion wear. This makes it possible to recommend Al-Si-B coatings to be used for protecting the surface of the turbine blades of supercharging turbochargers and diesel exhaust valves.
Studying multiphase flow around a vehicle moving freely to the water surface
Authors:   South Urals Federal Research Center of Mineralogy and Geoecology, Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pegov V. I. , Moshkin I. Yu. ,   Academician V. P. Makeyev State Rocket Centre JSC
Published: January 2023

The paper provides an experimental study of a multiphase flow around models in a large high-speed hydrodynamic tunnel with a vertical working section. Experimental dependences of drag coefficients on the cavitation number for vertical cavities are obtained. The results of cavitation flow around bodies of revolution in a vertically descending fluid flow are considered. A methodology for calculating the shape of vertical cavities under the slender-body theory is proposed. Relationships suitable for engineering evaluation are obtained for very long cavities. Numerical simulation of underwater motion is performed with models moving vertically in a nonstationary cavitation flow. The hydrodynamic loads can be evaluated through the determination of the nonstationary boundaries of a gas cavity and a linear load on a water-flown aft. The predicted results are compared with the experimental data. Validation and verification are performed by comparing the analysis results with the experimental data. The applicability of the proposed method to the determination of the hydrodynamic parameters of vehicles under multiphase flow is demonstrated.
Phonon instabilities in a metal on the bain FCC–BCC transformation path
Authors:   M. N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kuznetsov A. R. , Starikov S. A. ,   M. N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sagaradze V. V. ,   M. N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2023

In this paper, the energy of the Bain path in Al and the instability of phonons during uniaxial compression deformation along <001> are studied ab initio. It is shown that, at a strain of about 15%, dynamic loss of structure stability is observed due to short-wavelength phonons, which thus determine the theoretical strength of Al. Deformation causes shifts along the {111} planes of the initial fcc cell, leading to the formation of stacking faults. A similar formation of stacking faults was observed in [1] in the framework of simulation of compression along the <001> Ni3Al nanoparticle (L12 superstructure based on the fcc structure). The results obtained can be applied to situations in the experiment, when small defect-free regions are deformed, for example, as in nanostructured materials and during nanoindentation.
Formation of intermetallic particles in an Fe-Ni-Al alloy during annealing and electron irradiation
Authors:   M. N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Danilov S. E.
Published: January 2023

The behavior of intermetallic nanoparticles, such as Ni3Al, and vacancy defects in an fcc Fe-Ni-Al alloy during annealing and electron irradiation is studied by measuring residual resistivity. It is shown that, during annealing at early stages, Ni3Al zones are formed in the quenched Fe-Ni-Al alloy, which increase residual electrical resistance, and during annealing above 700 K, nanosized (~4.5 nm) intermetallic precipitates are formed from them, uniformly distributed in the alloy matrix, whose growth leads to a decrease in residual resistivity. Under irradiation at room temperature, vacancy defects accumulate in the alloy in the form of vacancy complexes. The dissociation of these complexes at about 400 K causes the appearance of freely migrating vacancies and enhances self-diffusion forming Ni3Al bands. At about 600 to 700 K, the solid solution is decomposed thermally. At higher temperatures, the formation of intermetallic particles occurs, which is characterized by a decrease in electrical resistance.
Asymptomatic cholelithiasis in bariatric practice
Authors: Stankevich Vladimir R. , Smirnov Alexander V. , Zlobin Alexandr I. , Panchenkov Dmitry N. , Sharobaro Valentin I. , Ivanov Yury V.
Published: January 2023

Background: The need for simultaneous cholecystectomy for asymptomatic cholelithiasis in patients undergoing bariatric intervention has not been proven. The experience of managing patients with obesity and concomitant disease — cholelithiasis is presented.
Aim: to determine the indications for simultaneous cholecystectomy and bariatric surgery in the combination of morbid obesity and a asymptomatic cholelithiasis.
Methods: The results of observation of 37 patients with initially asymptomatic cholelithiasis were analyzed: 27 patients underwent bariatric surgery and simultaneous cholecystectomy, and 10 patients underwent only bariatric surgery. The immediate and long-term results of the treatment, the quality of life of patients and the cost of the treatment were assessed.
Results: During 12 months of the follow-up, none of the patients who underwent simultaneous cholecystectomy developed any complications. Of the 10 patients in the observation group, 3 were operated on. Two patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis and one patient was operated on for choledocholithiasis with obstructive jaundice. The greatest improvement in the quality of life was observed in the gastric bypass group with simultaneous cholecystectomy. The treatment cost per patient was lower in that group, too.
Conclusion: In the presence of asymptomatic cholelithiasis in a patient with morbid obesity, bariatric intervention and simultaneous cholecystectomy prevents the development of complications of cholelithiasis and thereby potentially improves the quality of life and reduces the cost of medical care.
Results of the surgical treatment of intra-articular fractures of the distal femur using a retrograde intramedullary technique
Authors: Aliev Temirlan M. , Zagorodniy Nikolai V. , Prizov Aleksey P. , Lazko Fedor L. , Akhpashev Alexander A. , Belyak Evgeniy A.
Published: January 2023

Background: Distal femoral fractures are a widely spread problem in traumatology, which can be caused by both a high-energy trauma and a low-energy trauma in senile patients with osteoporosis. The conservative treatment shows little promise. The surgical treatment of patients is still a challenge for orthopedic surgeons regarding both the technical aspect and a high risk of complications. There are several surgical methods with the use of plates and nails, but there is still no universal conception of the surgical treatment.
Aim: comparative analysis of methods of intramedullary retrograde osteosynthesis and bone osteosynthesis in the treatment of fractures of the distal femur.
Methods: In this study, we evaluated the treatment results of 46 patients who underwent osteosynthesis for intraarticular fractures of the distal femur using an intramedullary retrograde nail. The evaluation was carried out based on such parameters as the duration of the operation and the time from the moment of injury to the operation, the intraoperative blood loss and the function of the knee joint. On average, the operation time using a retrograde femoral nail was 45 minutes. Reducing the duration of the operation improved the functional results of the treatment. Reducing the operation time when installing a retrograde intramedullary nail was achieved with a relatively simple technique for installing this type of a fixator and the use of minimally invasive approaches.
Results: On average, the operation time using a retrograde femoral nail was 45 minutes. Reducing the duration of the operation improved the functional results of treatment. Reducing the operation time when installing a retrograde intramedullary nail was due to a relatively simple technique for installing this type of fixator and the use of minimally invasive approaches. One year after the surgery, the following mean values were achieved: 78 (6485) points according to the KSS knee score, 85 (6889) points according to the KSS function score, 3.1 (1.34.2) cm for the severity of pain syndrome according to the VAS scale, 105 (88120) degrees for the flexion in the knee joint. However, a number of post-op complications were observed: deep vein thrombosis of lower extremities was found in 6 (13.1%) patients, formation of a false-joint was seen in 3 (6.5%) patients, 1st grade arthritis of the knee joint was detected in 36 patients (78.2%), 2nd grade arthritis was observed in 10 patients (21.8%). 3rd grade arthritis was not detected. 3.5 years after the operation, none of the patients needed a knee joint replacement.
Conclusion: Retrograde intramedullary osteosynthesis in type C distal femoral fractures promotes early rehabilitation, a complete recovery of the knee joint function and healing of the fracture, and represents an effective method of treatment.
The first experience of a hybrid approach in the surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Zotov Aleksandr S. , Khamnagadaev Igor A. , Sakharov Emil R. , Shelest Oleg O. , Belousov Leonid A. , Kokov Mikhail L. , Michurova Marina S. , Bulavina Irina A. , Khabazov Robert I. , Mokrysheva Natalya G. , Troitskiy Aleksandr V.
Published: January 2023

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice and is associated with an increased risk of death, progression of heart failure, and the development of cardiogenic thromboemboli. Despite the significant success in the management of AF in the paroxysmal form, the results of the treatment for patients with persistent forms of AF remain unsatisfactory. Though the surgical approach provides higher rates of efficiency regarding the restoration of a sinus rhythm, transmural lesions are not always attainable, as a result, the rate of AF recurrence in the long-term period remains fairly high. It is also impossible to create ablative patterns to the mitral and tricuspid valves during thoracoscopic epicardial ablation, which can cause the development of recurrent AF, perimitral and typical atrial flutter. Therefore, the development of hybrid approaches combining the advantages of catheter and thoracoscopic techniques is an urgent task of contemporary surgical and interventional arrhythmology.
Aims: to estimate the immediate results of a hybrid approach in the management of patients with persistent AF.
Methods: We report the first experience of a hybrid treatment of patients with persistent AF. 6 patients aged 53-64 years (1 female, 5 males) were included in the study. At the first stage, thoracoscopic epicardial bipolar ablation was performed (modified GALAXY protocol); the second stage (in 3 to 6 months after the thoracoscopic stage) included an intracardiac electrophysiological study with three-dimensional endocardial mapping followed by endocardial ablation.
Results: The thoracoscopic stage of the hybrid treatment included ablation according to the box lesion scheme using a bipolar irrigation equipment. No lethal outcomes and severe, life-threatening complications were registered. The duration of the inpatient period was 510 hospital-days. The 2nd stage of the hybrid treatment was limited to intracardiac electrophysiological examination only in 2 patients. In 4 patients, epicardial radiofrequency ablation was complemented by endocardial radiofrequency exposure. In 3 of the 4 patients who underwent endocardial radiofrequency ablation, catheter ablation of the mitral and cavotricuspid isthmus was required because of the induction of perimitral and typical flutter, respectively. After the 2nd stage of the hybrid treatment, at the time of discharge all the patients maintained a stable sinus rhythm. There were no severe complications or lethal outcomes.
Conclusion: a hybrid approach in the AF management is a safe and effective method of treatment, which combines the advantages of minimally invasive surgery and endocardial intervention in patients with persistent AF. The technique is safe and has acceptable short-term results.
Dental simulator based on a robotic complex with an integrated smart jaw
Authors: Arutyunov Sergey D. , Yuzhakov Aleksandr A. , Kharakh Yaser N. , Bezukladnikov Igor I. , Baidarov Andrey A. , Astashina Natalija B.
Published: January 2023

The study reflects the current trends in the digital format of educational technology in dentistry, which is a new paradigm in the training of medical personnel. The new-generation dental simulator is presented as an innovation in the educational process. The authors propose technically combining the accumulated positive solutions in this area using a single hardware and software environment, i.e., an anthropomorphic robot, whose hardware platform is expanded with additional specialized sensors and actuators. To increase the practical competencies of dental students and dentists when honing practical skills, the use of a dental simulator based on a robotic complex in the educational process is the most optimal way by creating a fully functional anthropomorphic dental robot, especially with integrated modules Smart-Jaw and Smart Teeth and supporting the communicative function through artificial intelligence. Currently, a fully functional prototype of the anthropomorphic robot simulator Promobot-Ct with a set of educational cases has been utilized, which is used to train dentists at Perm State Medical University, which was named after Academician E.A. Vagner.
“Revolutionary” steps to a dead end. To the 160th anniversary of the publication of the article “Reflexes of the brain”
Authors: Reshetnikov Mikhail M.
Published: January 2023

The article is focused on a critical analysis of the work of I.M. Sechenov Reflexes of the brain and its influence on the development of modern psychology, psychoneurology and psychiatry.
Comments on the article of M.M. Reshetnikov “Revolutionary” steps to a dead end. To the 160th anniversary of the publication of the article “Reflexes of the brain”
Authors: Zobin Mikhail L.
Published: January 2023

In this paper we carried out a critical analysis of М.М. Reshetnikovs article. The invalidity of the arguments and the inappropriate form of presentation are pointed out.
Illness as a metaphor — a psychiatrist’s view
Authors: Voskresensky Boris A. , Begmatov Ruslan I.
Published: January 2023

Following the writer and publicist S. Sontag the opportunities of demetaphorization and demythologization of mental disorders (schizophrenia spectrum) are discussed here. Some specific methods are suggested based on trichotomous concept of human (spirit-soul-body).
Antenatal risk factors for retinopathy of premature
Authors: Makogon Svetlana I. , Gorbacheva Natalya V. , Khlopkova Yulia S.
Published: January 2023

This literature review presents the antenatal risk factors for the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Despite advances in antenatal and neonatal therapeutic interventions, screening, and follow-up, ROP remains a potentially vision-threatening retinopathy that requires careful monitoring and timely intervention to prevent the progression of adverse visual impairment or blindness. ROP is a multifactorial disease. The main risk factors are low gestational age and low birth weight. Recent experimental and clinical data support the hypothesis that multiple antenatal factors are involved in the etiology and progression of ROP. These factors include the age of the mother, maternal diseases, pregnancy-associated maternal pathologies, use of drugs to correct these conditions, and inflammatory process. Their roles are ambiguous and often contradictory. The physiology of the mother and placenta can significantly influence the risk of ROP development in preterm infants. The placenta connects the mothers body and the fetus, and it functions in the exchange of nutrients and oxygen between the mother and the fetus. Therefore, any pathological changes in the mothers body entail changes in the placenta, which this directly affects the fetus. A sudden loss of placental support is detrimental to the development of infants in the immediate postnatal period. Thus, these factors should be taken into account when assessing the risk of ROP development to predict and prevent poor vision in children.
Morphometric and functional features in children with pseudophakic myopia after congenital cataract extraction in infancy
Authors: Galkina Aleхandra S. , Katargina Lyudmila A. , Kruglova Tatiana B. , Egiyan Naira S.
Published: January 2023

AIM: To investigate the morphometric parameters of the macular zone in children with pseudophakia and different refractive states after congenital cataract extraction in infancy and their correlations with vision parameters.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty children (49 eyes) who underwent bilateral cataract surgery with primary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, with a median age at surgery of 7.942.70 (212) months, were identified. These children were divided into two groups: group 1 with target refraction (n=18, 21 eyes) and group 2 with pseudophakic myopia (n=14,28 eyes). All patients were examined with the Nidek RS-3000 Advance two optical coherence tomography.
RESULTS: A significant reduction was found in the morphometric parameters in group 2 relative to that in group 1: foveal thickness (253.1127.84 and 266.4221.52 m), average inner macula thickness (307.6430.9 and 330.1428.29 m) and average outer macula thickness (281.1722.51 and 298.7828.23 m), central choroidal thickness (221.8779.04 and 311.9468.38 m), macular volume (7.990.71 and 8.760.49 mm3), and foveal volume (0.190.02 и 0,210.02 mm3). This can be due to axial elongation (24.722.18 and 21.281.55 mm). The correlation between the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and macular volume was moderate in pseudophakic children (r=0.418; p 0.01).
CONCLUSION: The data indicate an impairment of the macular zone formation in children with pseudophakic myopia which to a certain extent can explain the decrease in functional prognosis.
State of microcirculation in the retina and choroid according to optical coherence tomography with angiography data in children with posterior and panuveitis
Authors: Novikova Olga V. , Denisova Ekaterina V.
Published: January 2023

AIM: Retinal and choroidal microvascular changes analysis in children with posterior and panuveitis using optical coherence tomography with angiography (OCTA) and determination of the possibility of using this method in activity assessment and disease monitoring.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: 24 children with uveitis were examined. The age of children was from 8 to 18 years old (38 affected eyes). All included patients were divided into two groups: with posterior uveitis (27 eyes) and with panuveitis (11 eyes). In each of the groups, subgroups with active and inactive uveitis were identified. In addition to the standard examination OCTA was performed. Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, perfusion density in the superficial and deep vascular plexuses of the retina (SVRP, DVRP) and also in the layers of choriocapillaries and large and medium vessels of the choroid were studied. The control group consisted of 10 paired healthy eyes.
RESULTS: Аll eyes with posterior and panuveitis were characterized by the irreversible decrease in perfusion density in DVRP. In eyes with active chorioretinitis was also detected the reversible decrease in perfusion density in SVRP, layers of choriocapillaries and large and medium vessels of the choroid. The formation of choroidal neovascular membranes (CNM) in patients with panuveitis with choroiditis was accompanied by the decrease in perfusion density at all levels studied. In eyes with chorioretinitis and CNM the decrease in perfusion density was detected in DVRP and the area of FAZ increased.
CONCLUSION: The features of microcirculation in the chorioretinal complex identified using OCTA in children with posterior and panuveitis can improve the diagnosis and monitoring of these diseases.
Anatomical and functional results of surgical treatment of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy in children
Authors: Denisova Ekaterina V. , Geraskina Elizaveta А. , Katargina Ludmila А. , Osipova Natalya A.
Published: January 2023

Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a rare hereditary disease characterized by abnormal angiogenesis, presence of avascular zones on the periphery of the retina, and clinical manifestations ranging from an asymptomatic course to total retinal detachment. Surgical interventions are performed to eliminate vitreoretinal traction, epiretinal membranes, and retinal detachment. Studies of the surgical treatment outcomes of patients with FEVR are limited and findings are ambiguous
AIM: To analyze surgical treatment outcomes of different stages of FEVR in childhood.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: From January 2012 to October 2021 at the Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, surgical treatment was performed in 35 eyes of 33 patients aged 11 months15 years (average, 7 years). The effectiveness of treatment was evaluated 12 months after the treatment, and patients were examined every 36 months for 15 years (average 2 years).
RESULTS: Аfter the primary surgery, a decrease in retinal traction in the posterior pole and periphery was achieved in all cases. Complete and incomplete reattachment was achieved in 30% and 70% of the eyes at stage 3 and in 12.5% and 87.5% of the eyes at stage 4, respectively. The long-term effectiveness rates of the intervention in stages 2, 3 (including complete and incomplete reattachment), and 4 were 100%, 87.5%, and 73.3%, respectively.
Increases in the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were observed in 83%, 50%, and 28.6% of the eyes in stages 2, 3, and 4, respectively. In other cases, successful surgical treatment allowed the preservation of visual functions. During the follow-up, visual acuity of 0.1 or more was maintained in 100%, 85.7%, and 36% of the eyes at stages 2, 3, and 4 of FEVR, respectively.
CONCLUSION: Аnatomical and functional results of surgical treatment of FEVR correlate with the disease stage: the efficiency is greater in stage 2, and it was organ-preserving surgery in stage 5. To increase the effectiveness of treatment, early diagnosis of FEVR, laser coagulation of avascular zones, and active vessels are necessary, which makes it possible to stop the progression of the early stages of FEVR in 70%100% of cases and enables regular monitoring of patients for the timely detection of indications for additional laser coagulation or surgical intervention.
Induced bifocal soft contact lenses with the addition of 4.0 D myopic defocus in the near periphery of the retina and its effect on the progression of myopia
Authors: Tarutta Elena P. , Tarasova Natalia A. , Milash Sergey V. , Kushnarevich Nina Yu. , Larina Tatiyana Yu.
Published: January 2023

AIM: To evaluate the dynamics of axial and peripheral refraction in the near periphery of the retina in eyes with myopia against the background of wearing bifocal soft contact lens (BSCL) with the addition of 4 D.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-three patients (84 eyes) with myopia from 0.5 to 6.5 D (average 3.530.19 D) aged 715 (average 11.30.27) years were examined before and 6 months after the start of wearing Prima BIO Bifocal BSCL (Okey Vision Retail, Russia). Visual acuity without correction, with optimal correction, and in BSCL, cycloplegic refraction, eye length, keratotopography, and peripheral defocus (PD) at 5, 10, and 15 to the nose and temple from the center of the fovea with and without lenses were assessed.
RESULTS: After 6 months of wearing BSCL, the subjective refraction increased by 0.04 D, cycloplegic refraction by 0.18 D, and average BSCL strength by 0.01 D. The axial length increased by 0.03 mm (p 0.05). The initial PD without lenses was hypermetropic in all zones, and in BSCL, it was myopic in zones T5, T10, T15, and N15 and hypermetropic in zones N5 and N10. After 6 months of PD without correction, hypermetropic defocus tended to decrease in zones N10 and N15 and myopic defocus appeared in N5 (p 0.05); with lenses, myopic defocus increased in zones T5, T10, T15, and N15, and in N5 and N10, it did not change and remained hypermetropic.
CONCLUSION: BSCLs provide total correction of myopia and high distant and near visual acuity in children, induce myopic defocus in the near periphery, and contribute to the inhibition of the progression of myopia in the traced period.
Investigations of Ambient Noise Velocity Variations in a Region of Induced Seismicity near Greeley, Colorado
Authors: Clifford Tom , Sheehan Anne , Moschetti Morgan P.
Published: January 2023

Wastewater injection has induced earthquakes in Northeastern Colorado since 2014. We apply ambient noise correlation techniques to determine temporal changes in seismic velocities in the region. We find no clear correlation between seismic velocity fluctuations and either injection volumes or seismicity patterns. We do observe apparent annual variations in velocity that may be associated with hydrologic loading or thermoelastic strain. In addition, we model uniform and vertically localized velocity perturbations, and measure the velocity change with 1D synthetic seismograms. Our results indicate that our methods underestimate the known velocity change, especially at shorter station distances and when variations are restricted to a horizontal layer. If injection does cause measurable velocity changes, its effect is likely diluted in cross correlations due to its localized spatial extent around injection wells.
Estimating Inclusiveness of Growth in Sub-Sahara African Countries: a VAR Approach
Authors: Agbatogun Kehinde Kabir , Oladeji Sunday Idowu , Adegboye Adewale Abiodun
Published: January 2023

The study examined the interaction among income inequality, economic growth, and poverty with a view of assessing the extent of inclusiveness of growth in selected African countries. Using a dataset from World Development Indicators (WDI) and Standardized World Income Inequality Dataset (SWIID), the study adopted Vector AutoRegression (VAR) method in its econometric analysis. Its findings show that only "West" African countries exhibit partial traits of inclusiveness of growth. Thus, the study recommends the provision and implementation of distributional and growth-oriented macroeconomic policies, as well as investment in public infrastructure to spread the benefits of growth to all in African countries.
Analyzing the Characteristics of Highly Educated Unemployment in Indonesia’s Capital City
Authors: Sipayung Febrim Leksiando , Wijaya Andi Fefta , Putra Fadillah , Aratame Natsumi
Published: January 2023

Indonesia’s capital city, Jakarta, is facing a problem of highly educated unemployment, a phenomenon that has become a very serious issue as Indonesia's population continues to increase facing the demography dividend. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of highly educated unemployment in Jakarta, the biggest city in Indonesia. The logistic a regression model is used to analyze the labor force associated with important aspects such as highly educational attainment, age, gender, marital status, and status in the household. This study finds that being less-educated, young, male, single, and member of the household respectively increase the probability of being unemployed. However, it also finds that the total effect of highly educational attainment on the probability of employment peaks maximum value when the labor forces are single and head of the household and drops to the lowest value when the labor forces are married and member of the household.
The Effect of Fiscal Decentralization on Economic Development Performance in Indonesia
Authors: Armawaddin Muhamad , Rumbia Wali Aya , Ahmad Ahmad
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study is to test and analyze the influence of fiscal decentralization on development performance in Indonesia using the structural equation model approach. The data uses panel data, from 34 provinces and in 2015-2019 sourced from the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia and the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). Data analysis using structural equation model approach with the help of Smart-PLS 3.3.3 software. The outer model evaluation results concluded that all indicators of fiscal decentralization variables and economic development performance variables are valid. The most powerful indicator reflecting the latent variable of fiscal decentralization is the ratio of regional income and economic development performance is an indicator of economic growth.  The results of the evaluation of the inner model found that fiscal decentralization performance has a positive and significant influence on development performance. The existence of fiscal inequality among provinces in Indonesia causes uneven ratios of capital expenditures and public incomes as seen from the low indicator in reflecting decentralization of fiscal and economic performance
Ecological and Social Justice as Basis on Marine Environment Protection and Preservation in The System of Indonesian Law
Authors: Purwendah Elly Kristiani , Djatmiko Agoes , Erowati Eti Mul , Triana Ikama Dewi Setia , Pudyastiwi Elisabeth
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to determine ecological and social justice as the basis for protecting and preserving the marine environment in the Indonesian legal system. This research was empirical normative legal research. The subject of the study was the implementation of favourable legal provisions in every particular legal event that occurred in society to achieve the predetermined goals. If not careful in its application (still characterized by anthropocentrism), this political economy policy could conflict with the social ecology currently developing in Indonesia through the concept of a green economy and a blue economy. The characteristics of the socialism system in the political economy related to environmental justice after the amendment to the 45th Constitution began to shift in the era of globalization so that it began to respond to ecological modernization. However, due to colliding with the concept of socialism, the ecological justice system in the Indonesian legal system had the nuances of social-ecological justice. This concept would significantly affect the fairness of compensation for oil pollution by tanker accidents in Indonesia.