bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Existence, uniqueness, and controllability for Hilfer differential equations on times scales
Authors: Sousa José Vanterler da C. , Oliveira Daniela S. , Frederico Gastão S. F. , Torres Delfim F. M.
Published: March 2023

We introduce a new version of
‐Hilfer fractional derivative, on an arbitrary time scale. The fundamental properties of the new operator are investigated, and in particular, we prove an integration by parts formula. Using the Laplace transform and the obtained integration by parts formula, we then propose a
‐Riemann–Liouville fractional integral on times scales. The applicability of the new operators is illustrated by considering a fractional initial value problem on an arbitrary time scale, for which we prove existence, uniqueness, and controllability of solutions in a suitable Banach space. The obtained results are interesting and nontrivial even for the following particular choices: (i) of the time scale, (ii) of the order of differentiation, and/or (iii) function
, opening new directions of investigation. Finally, we end the article with comments and future work.
A novel numerical technique for solving time fractional nonlinear diffusion equations involving weak singularities
Authors: Ghosh Bappa , Mohapatra Jugal
Published: March 2023

In this work, an efficient numerical approximation for the solution of the time fractional nonlinear diffuse interface model is studied. The solution to this problem has a weak singularity near the initial time . The fractional order nonlinear diffusion model is transformed into a system of nonlinear functional equations. The Daftardar–Gejji and Jafari method is employed to solve the corresponding nonlinear system. The L1 scheme is used to discretize the Caputo fractional derivative on a graded mesh in the time direction. In contrast, the spatial derivative is approximated by applying a classical central finite difference scheme to a uniform mesh. The convergence analysis and the error bounds are carried out. The analysis and the computational findings exhibit the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Douchi Peptides VY and SFLLR Improve Glucose Homeostasis and Gut Dysbacteriosis in High‐Fat Diet‐Induced Insulin Resistant Mice
Authors: Yu Songfeng , Wang Wenjun , Wang Han , Bu Tingting , Liu Ling , Zhao Runan , Li Shanshan , Liu Donghong , Wu Jianping
Published: March 2023

Scope

Two peptides VY (Val‐Tyr) and SFLLR (Ser‐Phe‐Leu‐Leu‐Arg) are recently identified from soy‐fermented douchi with hypoglycemic activity in cells. The study aims to understand their potential effects on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity as well as their mechanisms of action in a high‐fat diet (HFD) induced insulin resistant model.

Methods and results

C57BL/6 mice are fed HFD for 8 weeks, followed by peptide supplementation (doses: 10 and 50 mg kg−1 body weight) for 8 weeks. Peptides supplementation, especially SFLLR, reduces body weight gain, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, inflammation, liver injury, and lipid accumulation. In both muscle and liver, both peptides activate glycogen synthase (GS), the key enzyme for glycogen synthesis, and also inhibit phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose 6‐phosphatase (G6PC), two rate‐limiting enzymes for gluconeogenesis, via insulin and AMPK (5'‐adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase) signaling pathways. Furthermore, VY and SFLLR supplementation reverse HFD‐induced gut dysbacteriosis by decreasing the abundance of Enterococcus, Oscillibacter, and Deferribacter, and also increase the abundances of Alistipes, Lactobacillus, Faecalibaculum, Akkermansia, and Bifidobacterium (usually beneficial in the intestine).

Conclusion

The study reveals the potential applications of peptides VY and SFLLR as a diet‐based strategy for the prevention of type 2 diabetes.
Diallyl Trisulfide, a Major Bioactive Constituent of Garlic, Promotes Colonic Mucosal Healing in Ulcerative Colitis through Accelerating Focal Adhesion Assembly and Consequent Epithelial Cell Migration via the Rab21‐Integrin β1‐Fak Pathway
Authors: Zhang Yajing , Guo Yilei , Zhang Qin , Zhu Yanrong , Xia Yufeng , Wei Zhifeng , Dai Yue
Published: March 2023

Scope

Colonic mucosal healing is the terminal goal for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC), but there is currently no specific drug available. This study investigates the beneficial effect of diallyl trisulfide (DATS) on the colonic mucosal healing.

Methods and results

Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) is used to induce colitis in female C57BL/6 mice, and DATS is orally administered during the recovery period. DATS hardly impacts the inflammation of the colonic tissues, but significantly promotes the mucosal repair. DATS promotes the migration but not proliferation of colonic epithelial cells in the colitis mice. In addition, DATS accelerates the wound healing, cell migration, focal adhesion assembly, and phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) of colonic epithelial cells in vitro, which are evidently reversed by combined use of FAK inhibitor PF‐573228. Similar results are shown in colitis mice. Mechanically, DATS promotes the binding of Rab21 to integrin β1 and accelerates the endocytosis of integrin β1, which is significantly attenuated by the knockdown of Rab21.

Conclusions

DATS promotes the binding of Rab21 to integrin β1 and the endocytosis of integrin β1, thereby increases FAK phosphorylation and focal adhesion assembly, finally accelerates the migration of colonic epithelial cells and mucosal healing.
Fucosylated Human Milk Oligosaccharides Drive Structure‐Specific Syntrophy between Bifidobacterium infantis and Eubacterium hallii within a Modeled Infant Gut Microbiome
Authors: Dedon Liv R. , Hilliard Margaret A. , Rani Asha , Daza‐Merchan Zunny Tatiana , Story Galaxie , Briere Carrie‐Ellen , Sela David A.
Published: March 2023

Scope

Fucosylated human milk oligosaccharides (fHMOs) are metabolized by Bifidobacterium infantis and promote syntrophic interactions between microbiota that colonize the infant gut. The role of fHMO structure on syntrophic interactions and net microbiome function is not yet fully understood.

Methods and results

Metabolite production and microbial populations are tracked during mono‐ and co‐culture fermentations of 2ʹfucosyllactose (2ʹFL) and difucosyllactose (DFL) by two B. infantis strains and Eubacterium hallii. This is also conducted in an in vitro modeled microbiome supplemented by B. infantis and/or E. hallii. Metabolites are quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. Total B. infantis and E. hallii populations are quantified through qRT‐PCR and community composition through 16S amplicon sequencing. Differential metabolism of 2ʹFL and DFL by B. infantis strains gives rise to strain‐ and fHMO structure‐specific syntrophy with E. hallii. Within the modeled microbial community, fHMO structure does not strongly alter metabolite production in aggregate, potentially due to functional redundancy within the modeled community. In contrast, community composition is dependent on fHMO structure.

Conclusion

Whereas short chain fatty acid production is not significantly altered by the specific fHMO structure introduced to the modeled community, specific fHMO structure influences the composition of the gut microbiome.
Solving Optical Performance and Comfort with One Solution
Authors: Cain Paul
Published: March 2023

Flexible liquid crystal films can help us overcome the unique combination of optical and comfort challenges in AR and VR headset design.
Associations between lower extremity muscle fat fraction and motor performance in myotonic dystrophy type 2: A pilot study
Authors: Madrid Diana A. , Knapp Rebecca A. , Lynch Delanie , Clemens Paula , Weaver Ashley A. , Puwanant Araya
Published: March 2023

Introduction/Aims

Although muscle structure measures from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been used to assess disease severity in muscular dystrophies, little is known about how these measures are affected in myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2). We aim to characterize lower extremity muscle fat fraction (MFF) as a potential biomarker of disease severity, and evaluate its relationship with motor performance in DM2.

Methods

3‐Tesla MRIs were obtained from nine patients with DM2 and six controls using a T1W‐Dixon protocol. To calculate MFF, muscle volumes were segmented from proximal, middle, and distal regions of the thigh and calf. Associations between MFF and motor performance were calculated using Spearman's correlations (ρ).

Results

Mean age of DM2 participants was 62 ± 11 y (89% female), and mean symptom duration was 20 ± 12 y. Compared to controls, the DM2 group had significantly higher MFF in the thigh and the calf segments (p‐value = .002). The highest MFF at the thigh in DM2 was located in the posterior compartment (39.7 ± 12.9%) and at the calf was the lateral compartment (31.5 ± 8.7%). In the DM2 group, we found a strong correlation between the posterior thigh MFF and the 6‐min walk test (ρ = −.90,p‐value = .001). The lateral calf MFF was also strongly correlated with the step test (ρ = −0.82,p‐value = .006).

Discussion

Our pilot data suggest a potential correlation between lower extremity MFF and some motor performance tests in DM2. Longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes are required to validate MFF as a marker of disease severity in DM2.
Estimating Cause-Specific Mortality and Survival of Juvenile Fall Chinook Salmon: An Investigation of Avian Predation across Large Spatial Scales
Authors: Payton Quinn , Fryer Jeffrey , Garrison Tommy , Evans Allen F.
Published: March 2023

To investigate the effects of piscivorous colonial waterbird predation on juvenile salmonids (smolts) and to determine what proportion of all sources of smolt mortality was due to predation, we analyzed a data set describing fall Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha that were marked with PIT tags in the Columbia River, USA. We used a state-space Bayesian model that incorporated live detections of tagged fish and recoveries of tags from dead fish to jointly estimate predation and survival over multiple river reaches and years (2008–2019). By incorporating recoveries of tags on bird colonies, the model was also able to increase the precision and spatial extent of survival estimates compared with a more traditional capture–recapture model. Results indicated that the avian predation probability (proportion of available fish consumed) varied depending on the predator species, colony location, and the fish's rearing type. Estimates of cumulative predation probability ranged annually from 0.066 (95% credible interval = 0.049–0.089) to 0.283 (0.210–0.419), and predation accounted for 7.3% (4.3–11.9%) to 29.1% (19.7–40.2%) of all sources of smolt mortality during out-migration to Bonneville Dam. Probabilities of predation on wild smolts were significantly higher than those for hatchery smolts in most river reaches and years. Predation probabilities were the highest for colonies of American white pelicans Pelecanus erythrorhynchos and double-crested cormorants Nannopterum auritum, which were located near where wild smolts rear and congregate. Estimates of predation by Caspian terns Hydroprogne caspia, California gulls Larus californicus, and ring-billed gulls L. delawarensis were often <0.03 of available smolts annually. Collectively, results indicated that the cumulative effects of predation on Chinook Salmon smolts were substantial in some but not all river reaches and years. Future models that consider biological and environmental factors influencing smolt susceptibility to avian predation may provide a more holistic understanding of the degree to which predation limits fish survival.
Effect of a blended learning design in an undergraduate nursing electrocardiogram course: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Jiang Li , Wang Duoduo , Yan Jie , Yang Min
Published: March 2023

Aim

The study aimed to explore learning achievement and students' satisfaction with a blended learning (BL) electrocardiogram (ECG) education programme in undergraduate nursing education.

Design

This was a quasi‐experimental post‐test design.

Methods

The study was conducted during semester one of the academic year 2020/2021. Participants were divided into two groups: the BL group and face‐to‐face (FTF) group. The BL group received the newly designed BL programme. The FTF group received the traditional learning methods. Post‐test measures of the study variables such as knowledge, study time and satisfaction were conducted. Chi‐square (χ2) test was used to evaluate categorical variables. The Mann–Whitney test was used to analyse continuous variables.

Results

Participants in BL group had significantly higher scores in ECG interpretation and total score. No significant differences in foundational knowledge between the two groups were found. Study time was significantly longer in the BL group. Regarding satisfaction, significant differences were found in structure rationality and promotion of self‐learning.
The functionality of unit practice councils and its relationship with nurses' accountability: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Abu Dawass Mohammad , Khrais Huthaifah , Rayan Ahmad , Jaber Mohammad
Published: March 2023

Aim

This study aimed to examine the relationship between perceived unit practice councils' functionality and nurses' accountability in Saudi Arabia.

Design

A descriptive, correlational and cross‐sectional design was used.

Methods

Convenience sampling of 160 nurses working in multiple sites of a large, tertiary medical centre in Saudi Arabia was performed. Structured self‐administered questionnaires were used to measure perceived unit practice council functionality and levels of nurse accountability.

Results

Nurses perceived that unit practice councils had moderate levels of functionality; however, nurses had high levels of accountability. Also, perceived unit practice councils' functionality had a significant positive relationship with nurses' accountability (r = 0.49, p < 0.001). More studies are needed to investigate the impact of different shared governance models on nurses' work environments.
Last Glacial Maximum cryogenic calcite deposits in an alluvial fan at Villetoureix, southwest France
Authors: Bertran Pascal , Couchoud Isabelle , Charlier Karine , Hatté Christine , Lefrais Yannick , Limondin‐Lozouet Nicole , Queffelec Alain
Published: March 2023

The origin of white calcite silts forming 0.5 to 3‐cm‐thick lenses in alluvial fan deposits 14C‐dated to the Last Glacial Maximum in the Dronne Valley (Dordogne, southwest France) is investigated using microscopic imagery, chemistry, and O and C stable isotopes. The calcite silts, composed mainly of aggregates of 3–5‐μm euhedral crystals, do not resemble secondary precipitations of pedological origin because of the strata‐like pattern and the lack of clearly identifiable biological structures. Their association with evidence of ice formation in the soil (platy structure, involutions) suggests that they were deposited in a deep seasonal frost context. Their isotopic composition differs significantly from those of detrital carbonates and of Holocene bioprecipitation and seems to be best explained by precipitation under closed‐system conditions. Calculation of the isotopic composition of calcite that would have formed in equilibrium with groundwater of regional LGM aquifers provides values that are in the range of the composition of the calcite silts for a precipitation temperature close to 0°C. Therefore, these deposits are interpreted as cryogenic calcite precipitated from waters close to saturation with respect to calcite freezing at the base of/within icings or within the ground, possibly from frost blisters. Similar calcite precipitation at the outlet of karstic springs may have been abundant in the calcareous terrains of southwest France during the LGM, although still unrecognized in the geological record.
Mass spectrometry‐based proteomic profiling of sonicate fluid differentiates Staphylococcus aureus periprosthetic joint infection from non‐infectious failure: A pilot study
Authors: Fisher Cody R. , Mangalaparthi Kiran K. , Greenwood‐Quaintance Kerryl E. , Abdel Matthew P. , Pandey Akhilesh , Patel Robin
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This pilot study aimed to use proteomic profiling of sonicate fluid samples to compare host response during Staphylococcus aureus‐associated periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) and non‐infected arthroplasty failure (NIAF) and identify potential novel biomarkers differentiating the two.

Experimental design

In this pilot study, eight sonicate fluid samples (four from NIAF and four from S. aureus PJI) were studied. Samples were reduced, alkylated, and trypsinized overnight, followed by analysis using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) on a high‐resolution Orbitrap Eclipse mass spectrometer. MaxQuant software suite was used for protein identification, filtering, and label‐free quantitation.

Results

Principal component analysis of the identified proteins clearly separated S. aureus PJI and NIAF samples. Overall, 810 proteins were identified based on their detection in at least three out of four samples from each group; 35 statistically significant differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were found (two‐sample t‐test p‐values ≤0.05 and log2fold‐change values ≥2 or ≤−2). Gene ontology pathway analysis found that microbial defense responses, specifically those related to neutrophil activation, to be increased in S. aureus PJI compared to NIAF samples.

Conclusion and clinical relevance

Proteomic profiling of sonicate fluid using LC‐MS/MS differentiated S. aureus PJI and NIAF in this pilot study. Further work is needed using a larger sample size and including non‐S. aureus PJI and a diversty of NIAF‐types.
Pan‐HSP90 ligand binding reveals isoform‐specific differences in plasticity and water networks
Authors: Stachowski Timothy R. , Nithianantham Stanley , Vanarotti Murugendra , Lopez Karlo , Fischer Marcus
Published: March 2023

Isoforms of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) fold oncoproteins that facilitate all 10 hallmarks of cancer. However, its promise as a therapeutic target remains unfulfilled as there is still no FDA‐approved drug targeting HSP90 in disease. Among the reasons hindering progress are side effects caused by pan‐HSP90 inhibition. Selective targeting of the four isoforms is challenging due to high sequence and structural similarity. Surprisingly, while decades of drug discovery efforts have produced almost 400 human HSP90 structures, no single ligand has been structurally characterized across all four human isoforms to date, which could reveal structural differences to achieve selectivity. To better understand the HSP90 landscape relevant for ligand binding and design we take a three‐pronged approach. First, we solved the first complete set of structures of a single ligand bound to all four human isoforms. This enabled a systematic comparison of how side‐chains and water networks respond to ligand binding across isoforms. Second, we expanded our analysis to publicly available, incomplete isoform‐ligand series with distinct ligand chemistry. This highlighted general trends of protein and water mobility that differ among isoforms and impact ligand binding. Third, we further probed the Hsp90α conformational landscape for accommodating a congeneric series containing the purine scaffold common to HSP90 inhibitors. This revealed how minor ligand modifications flip ligand poses and perturb water and protein conformations. Taken together, this work illustrates how a systematic approach can shed new light on an “old” target and reveal hidden isoform‐specific accommodations of congeneric ligands that may be exploited in ligand discovery and design.
A pharmacokinetic drug–drug interaction study between rosuvastatin and emvododstat, a potent anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19) DHODH (dihydroorotate dehydrogenase) inhibitor
Authors: Morton Terri L. , Laskin Oscar L. , Kaushik Diksha , Lee Lucy , Ma Jiyuan , Kristensen Allan , O'Keefe Kylie , Golden Lee , Klein Matthew , Kong Ronald
Published: March 2023

A therapeutic agent that targets both viral replication and the hyper‐reactive immune response would offer a highly desirable treatment for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2; COVID‐19) management. Emvododstat (PTC299) was found to be a potent inhibitor of immunomodulatory and inflammation‐related processes by the inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) to reduce SARS‐CoV‐2 replication. DHODH is the rate‐limiting enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis pathway. This drug interaction study was performed to determine whether emvododstat was an inhibitor of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) transporters in humans. Potential drug–drug interactions (DDIs) between emvododstat and a BCRP transporter substrate (rosuvastatin) were investigated by measuring plasma rosuvastatin concentrations before and after emvododstat administration. There was no apparent difference in rosuvastatin plasma exposure. The geometric means of maximum plasma rosuvastatin concentrations (Cmax) were 4369 (rosuvastatin) and 5141 pg/mL (rosuvastatin + emvododstat) at 4 h postdose. Geometric mean rosuvastatin area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) from time 0 to the last measurable plasma concentration was 45 616 and 48 975 h·pg/mL when administered alone and after 7 days of b.i.d. emvododstat dosing, respectively. Geometric least squares mean ratios for Cmax and AUC were approximately equal to 1. Overall, administration of multiple doses of 100 mg emvododstat b.i.d. for 7 days in combination with a single dose of rosuvastatin was safe and well tolerated. Emvododstat can be safely administered with other BCRP substrate drugs. Hence, pharmacokinetic DDI mediated via BCRP inhibition is not expected when emvododstat and BCRP substrates are coadministered.
Sirolimus‐ and cyclosporine‐loaded nanostructured lipid carriers: Development, characterization, and in vitro evaluation in T‐cell profiles of patients with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss
Authors: Parhizkar Forough , Yousefi Mehdi , Soltani‐Zangbar Mohammad Sadegh , Parhizkar Zahra , Aghebati‐Maleki Leili , Abbaspour‐Ravasjani Soheil , Motavalli Roza , Alizadegan Amin , Mojahedi Maryam , Baharaghdam Sina , Kamrani Amin , Danaii Shahla , Talebi Mehdi , Jadidi‐Niaragh Farhad , Hamishehkar Hamed , Kafil Hossein Samadi , Mahmoodpoor Ata , Heris Javad Ahmadian
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The authors developed nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) loaded with sirolimus (SRL) and cyclosporine (CsA) to improve their therapeutic efficacy in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) patients.

Methods

Mono‐delivery and co‐delivery of SRL and CsA by NLCs (S‐NLCs, C‐NLCs, and S‐C‐NLCs) were developed. The MTT assay was used to study the optimum dose of formulations. PCR, Western blotting, and ELISA were also conducted.

Results

Well‐designed nanodrugs with a suitable size, zeta potential, desirable encapsulation efficiency drug loading, and cellular uptake confirmed optimum formulations. Based on cell viability, the amounts of SRL and CsA could be reduced greatly due to the co‐delivery by NLCs. Following S‐NLCs and C‐NLCs interventions in T cells of patients with RPL and immune abnormality, a significant difference was observed in transcription factors and cytokine levels of Th1, Th17, and Tregs compared with healthy samples. Thus, a higher level of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, IL‐17, and IL‐21) and their regulators (T‐bet and RORγt), as well as a lower level of an anti‐inflammatory cytokine (IL‐10) and its regulatory (Foxp3), were observed. However, no significant difference was found following the S‐C‐NLCs intervention.

Conclusions

S‐C‐NLCs effectively balance the immune responses in peripheral T cells in RPL patients to induce maternal immune tolerance.
An integrated design method for active fault diagnosis and control
Authors: Wang Jing , Lv Xueyan , Meng Zhou , Puig Vicenç
Published: March 2023

The injection of an auxiliary input signal for active fault diagnosis may cause the change of system control performance in closed‐loop operation. This paper presents a novel integrated design method for active fault diagnosis and tracking control in order to facilitate the detection of incipient faults, meanwhile ensuring the normal operation of the closed‐loop system. First, a zonotopic filter is generated based on radius minimization method to estimate the uncertain bound set of systems states. Then, an auxiliary input signal is designed to separate the reachable sets of the system in healthy and faulty operation situations. Generally, the auxiliary input signal is required to be designed minimizing the system closed‐loop performance degradation. In this paper, a tracking controller is designed altogether with the auxiliary input signal to make the system output track a given reference. An optimal index is proposed to minimize simultaneously the energy of the auxiliary input signal and the output tracking error. Next, a fault detection logic is provided based on checking whether the closed‐loop system state belongs to healthy zonotope. Finally, the feasibility and advantages of this work are verified by means of a numerical example.
A comparison of two approaches to dynamic prediction: Joint modeling and landmark modeling
Authors: Li Wenhao , Li Liang , Astor Brad C.
Published: March 2023

Joint modeling and landmark modeling are two mainstream approaches to dynamic prediction in longitudinal studies, that is, the prediction of a clinical event using longitudinally measured predictor variables available up to the time of prediction. It is an important research question to the methodological research field and also to practical users to understand which approach can produce more accurate prediction. There were few previous studies on this topic, and the majority of results seemed to favor joint modeling. However, these studies were conducted in scenarios where the data were simulated from the joint models, partly due to the widely recognized methodological difficulty on whether there exists a general joint distribution of longitudinal and survival data so that the landmark models, which consists of infinitely many working regression models for survival, hold simultaneously. As a result, the landmark models always worked under misspecification, which caused difficulty in interpreting the comparison. In this paper, we solve this problem by using a novel algorithm to generate longitudinal and survival data that satisfies the working assumptions of the landmark models. This innovation makes it possible for a “fair” comparison of joint modeling and landmark modeling in terms of model specification. Our simulation results demonstrate that the relative performance of these two modeling approaches depends on the data settings and one does not always dominate the other in terms of prediction accuracy. These findings stress the importance of methodological development for both approaches. The related methodology is illustrated with a kidney transplantation dataset.
Synergistically Achieving Superior Sodium Storage of Metal Selenides by Constructing N‐Doped Carbon Foams and Utilizing Cu‐Driven Replacement Reaction
Authors: Zhu Chao , Long Tao , Feng Bin , Wu Chunyang , Yu Qinqin , Ding Yuan‐Li
Published: March 2023

Metal selenides are considered as one of the most promising anode materials for Na‐ion batteries owing to high specific capacity and relatively higher electronic conductivity compared with metal sulfides or oxides. However, such anodes still suffer from huge volume change upon repeated Na+ insertion/extraction processes and simultaneously undergo severe shuttle effect of polyselenides, thus leading to poor electrochemical performance. Herein, a facile chemical‐blowing and selenization strategy to fabricate 3D interconnected hybrids built from metal selenides (MSe, M = Mn, Co, Cr, Fe, In, Ni, Zn) nanoparticles encapsulated in in situ formed N‐doped carbon foams (NCFs) is reported. Such hybrids not only provide ultrasmall active nanobuilding blocks (≈15 nm), but also efficiently anchor them inside the conductive NCFs, thus enabling both high‐efficiency utilization of active components and high structural stability. On the other hand, Cu‐driven replacement reaction is utilized for efficiently inhibiting the shuttle effect of polyselenides in ether‐based electrolyte. Benefiting from the combined merits of the unique MSe@NCFs and the utilization of the conversion of metal selenides to copper selenides, the as‐obtained hybrids (MnSe as an example) exhibit superior rate capability (386.6 mAh g−1 up to 8 A g−1) and excellent cycling stability (347.7 mAh g−1 at 4.0 A g−1 after 1200 cycles).
Electrolyte Engineering on Performance Enhancement of NiCo2S4 Anode for Sodium Storage
Authors: Fan Shanshan , Liu Haiping , Xie Ying , Bi Sifu , Meng Xiaohuan , Zhang Kaiqi , Sun Liang , Zhang Shilin , Guo Zaiping
Published: March 2023

NiCo2S4 is an attractive anode for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to its high capacity and excellent redox reversibility. Practical deployment of NiCo2S4 electrode in SIBs, however, is still hindered by the inferior capacity and unsatisfactory cycling performance, which result from the mismatch between the electrolyte chemistry and electrode. Herein, a functional electrolyte containing 1.0 m NaCF3SO3 in diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DEGDME) (1.0 m NaCF3SO3‐DEGDME) is developed, which can be readily used for NiCo2S4 anode with high initial coulomb efficiency (96.2%), enhanced cycling performance, and boosted capacities (341.7 mA h g−1 after 250 continuous cycles at the current density of 200 mA g−1). The electrochemical tests and related phase characterization combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculation indicate the ether‐based electrolyte is more suitable for the NiCo2S4 anode in SIBs due to the formation of a stable electrode–electrolyte interface. Additionally, the importance of the voltage window is also demonstrated to further optimize the electrochemical performance of the NiCo2S4 electrode. The formation of sulfide intermediates during charging and discharging is predicted by combining DFT and verified by in situ XRD and HRTEM. The findings indicate that electrolyte engineering would be an effective way of performance enhancement for sulfides in practical SIBs.
Manipulation of the through‐space interactions in diphenylmethane
Authors: Tu Weihao , Xiong Zuping , Zhang Ziteng , Zhang Jianyu , Wang Lei , Xie Yuan , Wang Yipu , Zhang Haoke , Sun Jing Zhi , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: March 2023

Through‐space interaction (TSI) has been proven to play an important role in the newly emerging clusteroluminescence (CL) phenomenon. However, it is still a big challenge to manipulate the TSI at the molecular level due to the unclear relationship between the non‐conjugated structure and TSI properties. Herein, the TSI in diphenylmethane is manipulated by breaking its symmetric structures and changing the isolated subunits. Finally, the CL wavelength and efficiency of diphenylmethane are successfully regulated at the aggregate state.
Effective Teachers of Multilingual Learners: A Mixed‐Method Study ofUKandUSCritical Sociocultural Teaching Practices
Authors: Flynn Naomi , Teemant Annela , Viesca Kara Mitchell , Perumal Ratha
Published: March 2023

This convergent parallel mixed‐method study (quan + QUAL) relies on systematic classroom observations of mainstream teachers considered highly effective with multilingual learners in the United Kingdom and the United States (N = 9). Using a critical sociocultural theoretical lens, we use an established quantitative observation rubric and lesson field notes to capture real‐world teaching practices. Using deductive reasoning to merge closed‐ and open‐ended observation data, we illuminate the features of highly effective teaching for multilingual students. Evidence demonstrates that elements of challenge in activity design and teacher presentation, prioritizing language and literacy development, and modeling, were practices with the highest consistency across countries. At the same time, other features leave room for future growth. Lesson analysis unpacked various ways teachers enact effective teaching based on country context. Despite educational policies that may conflict with strong teaching for multilingual students, linguistically responsive teachers in both countries transcend curricular and testing constraints by intentionally enacting lessons that richly scaffold learning.
Disciplinary Reading, Action, and Social Change
Authors: Cervetti Gina N. , Pearson P. David
Published: March 2023

In their Four Resources Model, Freebody and Luke (1990) described four roles that readers take as they engage with texts: the code breaker, meaning maker, text user/analyst, and text critic. In this article, we propose the addition of a fifth role, the text actor. In this role, readers engage with texts that can incite, inform, and inspire them to take action to produce change within the many communities in which they reside, including the classroom, local community, and national community. Creating opportunities to assume this role is a potentially important part of preparing students for active social and civic participation, and it is especially important in this historical moment, when we are confronted with significant challenges that require global problem solving and participation. We describe the text actor role and share examples of how students can take on this role in disciplinary learning.
French Influence on Guarino Guarini’s Theory of Stereotomy
Authors: Taraldsen Simen Dalen
Published: March 2023

This research concerns stereotomy in Baroque architectural theory. Specifically, it explores French influence on Guarino Guarini’s theory of stereotomy. The research argues that the French influence on Guarini’s theory of stereotomy was limited. The argument is sustained by the scarcity of references to French sources in Guarini’s theory of stereotomy.
Häusliche Pflegearrangements: Untersuchung der Inanspruchnahme von Unterstützungsleistungen im Zusammenhang mit dem sozioökonomischen Status
Authors: Englert Nathalie , Peters Lara , Przysucha Mareike , Noelle Marco , Hülsken-Giesler Manfred , Büscher Andreas
Published: March 2023

Hintergrund

Nationale und internationale Befunde weisen auf den Einfluss sozioökonomischer Faktoren auf häusliche Pflegearrangements hin. Demografische und soziale Entwicklungen begründen die Annahme einer steigenden Zahl pflegebedürftiger Menschen aus ressourcenschwachen Gruppen und damit die zunehmende Bedeutung der Langzeitversorgung im häuslichen Umfeld.

Ziel der Arbeit

Es wird untersucht, ob Einkommen und Bildung der pflegebedürftigen Menschen und ihrer Pflegepersonen mit der Inanspruchnahme von Unterstützungsleistungen bei der Gestaltung häuslicher Pflegearrangements in Zusammenhang stehen.

Material und Methoden

Quantitative Sekundärdatenanalyse einer Befragung von Mitgliedern des Sozialverbands VdK. Die statistische Auswertung umfasst deskriptive Analysen sowie die Analyse von Zusammenhängen zwischen sozioökonomischen Merkmalen und Merkmalen des Pflegearrangements.

Ergebnisse

Ein Zusammenhang von Einkommen und Versorgungsnutzung kann bei der Inanspruchnahme der sog. 24-Stunden-Pflege nachgewiesen werden, die häufiger bei hohem Einkommen zu finden ist. Weitere Einkommenseffekte zeigen sich beim Nutzungsumfang von Pflegediensten und Haushaltshilfen sowie bei wohnraumanpassenden Maßnahmen. Höhere Bildung geht mit einer gesteigerten Nutzung von Beratungsangeboten einher. Die Einschätzung der Pflegesituation fällt negativer aus, je niedriger das Einkommen ist.

Diskussion

Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass Phänomene sozialer Ungleichheit in der Pflege existieren und die Möglichkeiten zur Gestaltung häuslicher Pflege durch sozioökonomische Faktoren beeinflusst werden. Zugleich zeigt die Studie Herausforderungen bei der Auseinandersetzung mit sozialer Ungleichheit auf und gibt Orientierung für weitere Forschung, die angesichts gesellschaftlicher Trends an Bedeutung gewinnt.
Therapie der chronischen Rhinosinusitis mit Polyposis nasi (CRScNP) mit monoklonalen Antikörpern (Biologika): S2k-Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie (DGHNO-KHC) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemeinmedizin und Familienmedizin (DEGAM)
Authors: Pfaar Oliver , Beule Achim Georg , Laudien Martin , Stuck Boris A. ,   erweiterte Leitliniengruppe ‚Biologika bei CRScNP‘, Aletsee Christoph , Klimek Ludger , Milger-Kneidinger Katrin , Popert Uwe , Rose Markus , Wagenmann Martin
Published: March 2023

Monoklonale Antikörper (sog. Biologika) können bei chronischer Rhinosinusitis mit Nasenpolypen (CRScNP, im englischen Sprachgebrauch CRSwNP) im Rahmen ihrer Zulassung verordnet werden. Allerdings ist die Verordnung auf die schwere CRScNP ohne Krankheitskontrolle begrenzt, wobei bestimmte Voraussetzungen zu beachten sind. Derzeit sind Dupilumab, Omalizumab und Mepolizumab zugelassen, in der Literatur gibt es entsprechende Evidenz für ihre Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass zukünftig weitere Biologika in dieser Indikation zugelassen werden. Die Schwere der Erkrankung sollte vor Therapieeinleitung sowie die Wirksamkeit dieser Therapie nach einem angemessenen Zeitraum objektiv und subjektiv überprüft werden. Hierfür kann der in diesem aktualisierten Leitlinien-Kapitel vorgeschlagene Dokumentationsbogen verwendet werden. Bei Vorliegen von relativen Kontraindikationen sollte nur nach differenzierter Abwägung durch erfahrene Ärzt*innen und als Einzelfallentscheidung ein Therapieversuch mit Biologika erfolgen. Zusammenfassend hat das vorliegende Leitlinien-Kapitel zum Ziel, angesichts der zunehmenden Evidenz zur Therapie mit diesen Substanzen bzw. der zunehmenden Zahl an Zulassungen unterschiedlicher Biologika zu einer qualitativ hochwertigen Versorgung von erwachsenen Patient*innen mit dieser Therapieform beizutragen.
Tree languages and branched groups
Authors: Bartholdi Laurent , Noce Marialaura
Published: March 2023

We study the portraits of isometries of rooted trees—the labelling of the tree, at each vertex, by the permutation of its descendants—in terms of languages. We characterize regularly branched self-similar groups in terms of $$\omega $$
ω
-regular languages. We deduce the algorithmic decidability of some problems, such as the comparison of regularly branched contracting groups, and their orbit structure on the boundary of the rooted tree.
Effective Dynamics of Extended Fermi Gases in the High-Density Regime
Authors: Fresta Luca , Porta Marcello , Schlein Benjamin
Published: March 2023

We study the quantum evolution of many-body Fermi gases in three dimensions, in arbitrarily large domains. We consider both particles with non-relativistic and with relativistic dispersion. We focus on the high-density regime, in the semiclassical scaling, and we consider a class of initial data describing zero-temperature states. In the non-relativistic case we prove that, as the density goes to infinity, the many-body evolution of the reduced one-particle density matrix converges to the solution of the time-dependent Hartree equation, for short macroscopic times. In the case of relativistic dispersion, we show convergence of the many-body evolution to the relativistic Hartree equation for all macroscopic times. With respect to previous work, the rate of convergence does not depend on the total number of particles, but only on the density: in particular, our result allows us to study the quantum dynamics of extensive many-body Fermi gases.
Growth rate and projected age at sexual maturity for immature hawksbill turtles and green turtles foraging in the remote marine protected area of Aldabra Atoll, Seychelles
Authors: Sanchez Cheryl L. , Bunbury Nancy , Mortimer Jeanne A. , A’Bear Luke , Betts Michael , von Brandis Rainer , Burt April J. , Cooke Lorraine , van de Crommenacker Janske , Currie Jock C. , Doak Naomi , Fleischer-Dogley Frauke , Mederic Emma , Mels Bruno , Pistorius Pierre , Richards Heather , Casale Paolo
Published: March 2023

Changes in marine ecosystems from human stressors, and concerns over how species will respond to these changes have emphasized the importance of understanding and monitoring crucial demographic parameters for population models. Long-lived, migratory, marine vertebrates such as sea turtles are particularly vulnerable to changes. Life-history parameters like growth-in-body size can be largely influenced by environmental processes which can impact population growth. We analyzed a 40-year (1981–2021) capture-mark-recapture dataset from the protected UNESCO World Heritage Site, Aldabra Atoll, Seychelles, to estimate key population parameters, including body growth, for immature green turtles (Chelonia mydas) and hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata). Curved carapace length (CCL) range was 34.3–110.9 cm (mean ± SD: 51.0 ± 11.4 cm, n = 1191) for green turtles and 28.7–89.4 cm (47.7 ± 14.4 cm, n = 538) for hawksbill turtles. Recapture events, with an 11-month minimum period, revealed a mean annual growth rate of 3.2 ± 1.5 cm year−1 for green turtles (n = 75) and 2.8 ± 1.4 cm year−1 for hawksbill turtles (n = 110). Hawksbill turtles exhibited a non-monotonic growth rate while no significant growth-size relationship was detected for green turtles. Green turtle mean annual growth per 10-cm size class was highest in the larger size classes (50‒69.9 cm). Hawksbill turtle growth rate was highest in the larger size classes (50‒69.9 cm) then declined in the largest size class (70‒79.9 cm). Green turtles and hawksbill turtles may spend > 8 and 18 years, respectively, using Aldabra, Seychelles, as a foraging ground.
Response evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy: magnetic resonance imaging findings
Authors: Mai Zhijun , Yang Qiuxia , Xu Jiahui , Xie Hui , Ban Xiaohua , Xu Guixiao , Zhang Rong
Published: March 2023

Purpose

To summarize the magnetic resonance imaging manifestations of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with and without progression after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and evaluate the treatment effect using the modified Liver Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS).

Methods

Between January 2015 and December 2020, 102 patients with SBRT-treated HCC were included. Tumor size, signal intensity, and enhancement patterns at each follow-up period were analyzed. Three different patterns of enhancement: APHE and wash-out, non-enhancement, and delayed enhancement. For modified LI-RADS, delayed enhancement with no size increase were considered to be a “treatment-specific expected enhancement pattern” for LR-TR non-viable.

Results

Patients were divided into two groups: without (n = 96) and with local progression (n = 6). Among patients without local progression, APHE and wash-out pattern demonstrated conversion to the delayed enhancement (71.9%) and non-enhancement (20.8%) patterns, with decreased signal intensity on T1WI(92.9%) and DWI(99%), increased signal intensity on T1WI (99%), and decreased size. The signal intensity and enhancement patterns stabilized after 6–9 months. Six cases with progression exhibited tumor growth, APHE and wash-out, and increased signal intensity on T2WI/DWI. Based on the modified LI-RADS criteria, 74% and 95% showed LR-TR-nonviable in 3 and 12 months post-SBRT, respectively.

Conclusions

After SBRT, the signal intensity and enhancement patterns of HCCs showed a temporal evolution. Tumor growth, APHE and wash-out, and increased signal intensity on T2WI/DWI indicates tumor progression. Modified LI-RADS criteria showed good performance in evaluating nonviable lesions after SBRT.
Treatment Strategy of Pancreas‐Sparing Distal Duodenectomy for Distal Duodenal Malignancies with Adjustable Dissection Levels According to Disease Progression (with Video)
Authors: Kato Tomotaka , Ono Yoshihiro , Oba Atsushi , Sato Takafumi , Ito Hiromichi , Inoue Yosuke , Saiura Akio , Takahashi Yu
Published: March 2023

Background

Pancreas‐sparing distal duodenectomy (PSDD) is a favorable option for distal duodenal neoplasms, and its procedure, including the extent of lymphadenectomy, should be modified according to the malignancy of the tumor. However, there are no coherent reports on the details of this procedure or long‐term outcomes after each resection.

Methods

This study included 24 patients who underwent PSDD at our institution between January 2009 and October 2020. Patients were divided into two groups according to the tumor progression: nine with (Lv‐II) and fifteen without (Lv‐I) mesopancreas dissection. Postoperative outcomes were compared between the two groups.

Results

Two groups had similar operation times, blood loss, hospital stay, and the rate of delayed gastric emptying (DGE): 40% versus 44%. There were no Clavien–Dindo classification ≥ III complications in the Lv‐II group. The Lv‐II group had a larger number of examined lymph nodes (median: 29), and three (33%) patients had lymph node metastasis. No local recurrence was observed, although two patients in the Lv‐II group had liver metastasis. The 5‐year overall survival rates of the Lv‐I and Lv‐II groups were 100% and 78%, respectively. None of the patients had an impaired nutrition status after one year of surgery, and no rehospitalization was observed in either group.

Conclusion

Although PSDD with or without mesopancreas dissection entailed a high risk of DGE, this procedure showed favorable long‐term outcomes and may be an alternative to pancreatoduodenectomy in patients with distal duodenal neoplasms.
Selecting regional climate models based on their skill could give more credible precipitation projections over the complex Southeast Asia region
Authors: Nguyen Phuong-Loan , Bador Margot , Alexander Lisa V. , Lane Todd P.
Published: March 2023

This study focuses on future seasonal changes in daily precipitation using Regional Climate Models (RCMs) from the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiments-Southeast Asia ensemble (CORDEX-SEA). Projections using this RCM ensemble generally show a larger inter-model spread in winter than in summer, with higher significance and model agreement in summer over most land areas. We evaluate how well the RCMs simulate climatological precipitation using two skill metrics. To extract reliable projections, two sub-ensembles of ‘better’ and ‘worse’ performing models are selected and their respective projections compared. We find projected intensification of summer precipitation over northern SEA, which is robust across RCMs. On the contrary, in the southern part of SEA, the ‘worse’ ensemble projects a significant and widespread decrease in summer rainfall intensity whereas a slight intensification is projected by the ‘better’ ensemble. Further exploration of inter-model differences in future changes reveals that these are mainly explained by changes in moisture supply from large-scale sources (i.e., moisture convergence) with enhanced effects from local sources (i.e., evapotranspiration). The ‘worse’ models project greater changes in atmospheric circulation compared with the ‘better’ models, which can explain part of the uncertainty in projections for daily precipitation over the CORDEX-SEA domain. Hence, our findings might help assess more reliable projections over the SEA region by selecting models based on a two-step model evaluation: the ability of models to simulate historical daily precipitation and their performance in reproducing key physical processes of the regional climate.