bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exercise as a substitute for traditional airway clearance in cystic fibrosis: a systematic review
Authors: Ward Nathan , Morrow Scott , Stiller Kathy , Holland Anne E
Published: December 2020

Background

Exercise and traditional airway clearance techniques (ACTs) are both routinely recommended for people with cystic fibrosis (CF), with some people using exercise as a substitute for traditional ACTs. The effectiveness of this is unclear. We systematically reviewed the evidence for using exercise as a substitute for traditional ACTs in people with CF.

Methods

A systematic database and literature search were undertaken of studies comparing exercise to rest or traditional ACTs. Primary outcomes were respiratory function, respiratory exacerbations and health-related quality of life. Secondary outcomes included mucociliary clearance (MCC), sputum weight and ease of expectoration. Data are mean difference (95% CI).

Results

A total of 12 studies (15 reports) were included, all of short duration (single session to 2 weeks). In crossover trials, exercise did not improve forced expiratory volume in one second in comparison to rest, but peak expiratory flow was increased during treadmill exercise (mean difference (MD) range 1.00–1.16 L/s) and cycle ergometry (1.19 (0.96 to 1.42) L/s). Treadmill exercise improved MCC (2.6 (1.6 to 3.6)%) and ease of expectoration (MD range 1.3–1.8 cm) compared with rest. No consistent differences in respiratory function were evident when exercise was compared with traditional ACTs (four crossover studies). There was no significant difference in MCC or sputum weight in studies where forced expirations were included in the exercise intervention.

Conclusions

Exercise improves ease of expectoration and sputum clearance compared with rest. Exercise, incorporating forced expirations, may have similar effects to traditional ACTs over the short term. There are no data comparing exercise to traditional ACTs over the longer term.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42018102780.
Public support for cigarette price increase in Indonesia
Authors: Nurhasana Renny , Ratih Suci Puspita , Dartanto Teguh , Moeis Faizal Rahmanto , Hartono Risky Kusuma , Satrya Aryana , Thabrany Hasbullah
Published: December 2020

Background

The current tobacco control policies in Indonesia are known to be ineffective in reducing tobacco consumption. Therefore, increasing cigarette prices is one of the effective instruments that should be supported by governments and society. This study aims to assess public support for cigarette price increases as well as to generate scientific evidence for the government and policymakers.

Method

This cross-sectional survey obtained data through telephone interviews with 1000 respondents aged ≥18 years old in Indonesia. The interviews started from 1 May 2018 to 31 May 2018.

Result

Respondents were varied in terms of age, gender, level of education, income, occupation, area of living and smoking status. This study found that 87.9% of the respondents including 80% of smokers support cigarette price increase to prevent children from buying cigarettes. Approximately 74.0% of smokers said they would stop smoking if cigarette prices were Rp70 000 (US$5) per package. The multivariate analysis revealed that age, income, money spent on cigarettes per day and the perception of current cigarette prices are the factors influencing support for higher cigarette prices.

Conclusion

The increase in cigarette prices is supported by society at large, including active smokers. The government must consistently adjust cigarette prices through an excise taxing and cigarette retail price mechanism. Governments, academicians, non-governmental organisations and tobacco control activists should generate a unified understanding that increasing cigarette prices will improve overall life quality.
Neural networks and microelectronics parameters distribution measurements depending on sintering temperature and applied voltage
Authors: Mitic Vojislav V. , Ribar Srdjan , Randjelovic Branislav , Lu Chun-An , Radovic Ivana , Stajcic Aleksandar , Novakovic Igor , Vlahovic Branislav
Published: December 2020

This research is based on the idea to design the interface structure around the grains and thin layers between two grains, as a possible solution for deep microelectronic parameters integrations. The experiments have been based on nano-BaTiO3 powders with Y-based additive. The advanced idea is to create the new observed directions to network microelectronic characteristics in thin films coated around and between the grains on the way to get and compare with global results on the samples. Biomimetic similarities are artificial neural networks which could be original method and tools that we use to map input–output data and could be applied on ceramics microelectronic parameters. This mapping is developed in the manner like signals that are processed in real biological neural networks. These signals are processed by using artificial neurons, which have a simple function to process input signal, as well as adjustable parameter which represents sensitivity to inputs. The integrated network output presents practically the large number of inner neurons outputs sum. This original idea is to connect analysis results and neural networks. It is of the great importance to connect microcapacitances by neural network with the goal to compare the experimental results in the bulk samples measurements and microelectronics parameters. The result of these researches is the study of functional relation definition between consolidation parameters, voltage (U), consolidation sintering temperature and relative capacitance change, from the bulk sample surface down to the coating thin films around the grains.
Markovian Switching of Mutation Rates in Evolutionary Network Dynamics
Authors: Vlasic Andrew Yardley
Published: December 2020

The replicator–mutator dynamic was originally derived to model the evolution of language, and since the model was derived in such a general manner, it has been applied to the dynamics of social behavior and decision making in multi-agent networks. For the two type population, a bifurcation point of the mutation rate was derived, displaying different long-run behaviors above and below this point. The long-run behavior would naturally be subjected to noise from the environment, however, to date, there does not exist a model that dynamically accounts for the effects of the environment. To account for the environmental impacts on the evolution of the populace, mutation rates above and below this bifurcation point are switched according to a continuous-time Markov chain. The long-run behaviors of this model are derived, showing a counterintuitive result that the majority of initial conditions will favor the dominated type.
Explication of the conserved quantities corresponding to the spacetimes carrying 10 Noether symmetries
Authors: Khan Israr Ali , Khan Amir Sultan , Jan Shah Qasim , Islam Saeed , Ali Farhad , Batool Maria , Khan Muhammad Sajjad Ali , Ullah Asad
Published: December 2020

The continuously decreasing curvature of spacetime has been proposed to be due to the phenomenon like Hawking radiation, the collapse of black holes and neutron stars. It has been found that during these phenomena, energy of source (black hole and neutron stars) decreases. In this paper, we explore this loss in energy of the source by introducing a time conformal factor in the corresponding spacetime in order to get a nonstatic metric without violating its symmetry structure. This technique gives us information about the loss of momentum and energy of the source. We also consider some novel nonstatic classes of the plane-symmetric spacetime containing 10 Noether symmetries and 7 isometries.
Minimum r-neighborhood covering set of permutation graphs
Authors: Adhya Amita Samanta , Mondal Sukumar , Barman Sambhu Charan
Published: December 2020

For a connected graph [Formula: see text] and a fixed integer [Formula: see text], a node [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]-dominates another node [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text]. An edge [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-neighborhood covered by a vertex [Formula: see text], if [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], i.e., both the vertices [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are [Formula: see text]-dominated by the vertex [Formula: see text]. A set [Formula: see text] is known to be a [Formula: see text]-neighborhood covering ([Formula: see text]-NC) set of graph [Formula: see text] if and only if one or more vertices of [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]-dominate each edge in E. Among all [Formula: see text]-NC sets of graph [Formula: see text], the set with fewest cardinality is the minimum [Formula: see text]-NC set of [Formula: see text] and we indicate its cardinality as [Formula: see text]-NC-number and we denote it by the symbol [Formula: see text]. This is an NP-complete problem on general graphs. It is also NP-complete for chordal graphs. Here, we develop an [Formula: see text] time algorithm for computing a minimum [Formula: see text]-NC set of permutation graphs, where [Formula: see text] indicates the order of the set [Formula: see text].
Women's webs, music, and artivisms
Authors: Nogueira Isabel
Published: December 2020

This forum is dedicated to exploring the notion of meaningfulness in design processes, taking the perspectives of community groups, nongovernmental organizations, and those who are marginalized in society as starting points. Authors will reflect conceptually and methodologically on practical engagements.
--- Rosanna Bellini
and
Angelika Strohmayer, Editors
Considerations for Developing an Agenda for Gun Violence Prevention Research
Authors: Rosenberg Mark
Published: December 2020

In December 2019, for the first time in more than 20 years, the US Congress appropriated, and the president signed, a bill that included $25 million for gun violence prevention research at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institutes of Health. This research should find ways to reduce injury, death, and suffering while protecting the right of law-abiding citizens to own firearms. Four questions can structure this research agenda. First, what is the problem: How many people get shot, who are they, where does it happen, what is the relationship between the shooter and the victim, what other types of damage are incurred, and are the shootings increasing or decreasing? Second, what are the causes: What is the role of alcohol and drugs; what is the role of gangs, poverty, and systemic racism; what is the role of mental illness, robbery, and domestic violence; what is the role of private gun ownership (both positive and negative) and easy access to guns? What are the factors that protect us, such as stable families and safe environments? Third, what works: Which practices, interventions, policies, and laws work best to prevent these deaths and injuries? And fourth, how do you do it: How do you implement the findings and translate them into policies, legislation, and practices that can be scaled up?
An exploration of the role of exercise in modulating breast cancer progression in vitro: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Brown Marie-Juliet , Morris Mhairi A. , Akam Elizabeth C.
Published: December 2020

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide. In the United Kingdom, approximately 5% of all breast cancers are already metastatic at the time of diagnosis. An abundance of literature shows that exercise can have beneficial effects on the outcome and prognosis of breast cancer patients, yet the molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. There are several in vitro models that aim to recapitulate the response of breast cancer to exercise in vivo; this systematic review and meta-analysis summarizes the existing literature. The following search terms were used to conduct a systematic literature search using a collection of databases (last search performed May 2020): “in vitro,” “exercise,“ and “breast cancer.” Only studies that investigated the effects of exercise on breast cancer in vitro were included. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated to determine pooled effect sizes. This meta-analysis has successfully demonstrated that various identified exercise interventions on breast cancer cells in vitro significantly reduced breast cancer cell viability, proliferation, and tumorigenic potential (SMD = −1.76, P = 0.004, SMD = −2.85, P = 0.003, and SMD = −3.15, P = 0.0008, respectively). A clear direction of effect was found with exercise on breast cancer cell migration in vitro, however this effect was not significant (SMD = −0.62, P = 0.317). To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis and systematic review investigating and summarizing literature on exercise and breast cancer in vitro, highlighting models used and priority areas for future research focus.
Mast cell effects on esophageal smooth muscle and their potential role in eosinophilic esophagitis and achalasia
Authors: Nelson Melissa , Zhang Xi , Pan Zui , Spechler Stuart Jon , Souza Rhonda F.
Published: December 2020

Mast cells and eosinophils are the key effector cells of allergic disorders. Although most studies on eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), an allergic disorder of the esophagus, have focused on the role of eosinophils, recent studies suggest a major role for mast cells in causing the clinical manifestations of this disease. Cellular and animal studies have demonstrated that mast cells can cause esophageal muscle cells to proliferate and differentiate into a more contractile phenotype, and that mediators released by degranulating mast cells such as tryptase and histamine can activate smooth muscle contraction pathways. Thus, activated mast cells in the esophageal muscularis propria might cause esophageal motility abnormalities, including the failure of lower esophageal sphincter relaxation typical of achalasia. In addition, mast cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, because degranulating mast cells release proinflammatory and cytotoxic mediators capable of damaging neurons. Such mast cell degranulation in the myenteric plexus of the esophagus could cause the loss of enteric neurons that characterizes achalasia. In this report, we review the molecular mechanisms of esophageal smooth muscle contraction, and how mast cells products might affect that muscle and cause neurodegeneration in the esophagus. Based on these data, we present our novel, conceptual model for an allergy-induced form of achalasia mediated by mast cell activation in the esophageal muscularis propria.
Properties of visually guided saccadic behavior and bottom-up attention in marmoset, macaque, and human
Authors: Chen Chih-Yang , Matrov Denis , Veale Richard , Onoe Hirotaka , Yoshida Masatoshi , Miura Kenichiro , Isa Tadashi
Published: December 2020

We directly compared the results of a video free-viewing task and visually guided saccade tasks (step and gap) among three different species: marmoset, macaque, and human. We found that all species exhibit qualitatively similar saccadic kinematics and saliency-driven saccadic behavior albeit with different parameters. Our results suggest that the marmoset possesses similar neural mechanisms to macaque and human for saccadic control, and it is an appropriate model to study neural mechanisms for active vision and attention.
A Color Image Encryption Scheme Based on a Novel 3D Chaotic Mapping
Authors: Liu Chunyuan , Ding Qun
Published: December 2020

Low-dimensional chaotic mappings are simple functions that have low computation cost and are easy to realize, but applying them in a cryptographic algorithm will lead to security vulnerabilities. To overcome this shortcoming, this paper proposes the coupled chaotic system, which coupled the piecewise and Henon mapping. Simulation results indicate that the novel mapping has better complexity and initial sensitivity and larger key space compared with the original mapping. Then, a new color image encryption algorithm is proposed based on the new chaotic mapping. The algorithm has two processes: diffusion and confusion. In this scheme, the key is more than

2

216

, and SSIM and PSNR are 0.009675 and 8.6767, respectively. The secret key is applied in the shuffling and diffusion. Security analysis indicates that the proposed scheme can resist cryptanalytic attacks. It has superior performance and has high security.
Acute Influenza Encephalitis/Encephalopathy Associated with Influenza A in an Incompetent Adult
Authors: Edet Angela , Ku Katherine , Guzman Irene , Dargham Hanadi Abou
Published: December 2020

A 32-year-old male presented to the emergency department (ED) with a productive cough for 4 days and confusion for 2 days prior to presentation. He was febrile, tachycardic, and hypotensive. Initially, labs and influenza A/B PCR were performed. An elevated WBC of 17.3 and a lactate level of 3.1 were noted. He was given a bolus of normal saline and broad spectrum antibiotics, ceftriaxone and azithromycin. The patient was then subsequently found to be positive for influenza A via rapid antigen testing of the nares. On hospital day 2, the patient’s mental status and respiratory distress worsened requiring intubation with mechanical ventilation. CT of the head without contrast revealed symmetric areas of hypoattenuation in the frontoparietal deep white matter. Lumbar puncture showed a slight elevation in WBCs and mild lymphocytic pleocytosis. Brain MRI without contrast revealed symmetric hyperintense T2 FLAIR signaling in the periventricular white matter and the splenium of the corpus callosum. He was found to have encephalitis secondary to influenza A and was started on a course of oseltamivir at higher doses of 150 mg BID for 2 weeks. On hospital day 10, after nine days of intubation, the patient received a tracheostomy due to failure to extubate and no improvement in mental status. He remained ventilator-dependent with little improvement in mental status; the patient was transferred to a long-term acute care hospital (LTACH) facility for further specialized care. He did not show any neurologic recovery or improvement in the three months after initial presentation of symptoms. In the fifth month after the initial symptoms, there was no recovery of preinsult neurologic function. The family had a palliative care meeting to discuss the plan and goals of care. It was decided by close family members that “compassionate extubation” would be done due to ongoing stress on the patient’s body physically and neurologically. This case illustrates the importance of prompt identification and treatment of influenza in the prevention of rapidly progressive sequelae.
Deformation Behavior of Deep Foundation Pit under Both Overloading and Unloading Conditions
Authors: Gang Wei , Xin-Xin Zhou , Yin-Feng Xu , Li Zhang , Xin-Hai Zhang
Published: December 2020

A deep foundation pit in a station of the Hangzhou subway is adjacent to new high-rise residential buildings on the north side and to the Evergrande foundation pit being excavated on the south side. This work considers the excavation of the foundation pit in the subway station as the research subject, focuses on the difference of the deformation and Earth pressure between the north side and the south side of the foundation pit under these special working conditions through the analysis of the measured data, and compares it with an ordinary foundation pit. Analyzing the measured data reveals that the horizontal displacement of the retaining wall and the ground settlement are far larger on the north side than on the south side, and both often exceed the deformation alarm value; the deformation of the ordinary foundation pit is between the deformation of the overloaded (north) side and that of the unloaded (south) side of the foundation pit. Moreover, the maximum rate of the horizontal creep of the soil and the maximum rate of the creep caused by the ground settlement on the north side of the foundation pit are larger than those on the south side of the foundation pit; the maximum rate of the horizontal creep of the ordinary foundation pit is between the two. The active Earth pressure on the pit wall on the north side is higher than that on the south side of the foundation pit, and because of the surrounding unloading, passive Earth pressure is generated at the bottom of the pit wall on the south side of the foundation pit, which causes it to shift to the outside of the foundation pit. The settlement of the surrounding high-rise buildings and the settlement of the columns are all within the range of the alarm values; also, the buildings settle evenly. Due to the excavation and unloading on the south side of the foundation pit, the uplift of the columns is not considerable.
An Efficient ECG Denoising Method Based on Empirical Mode Decomposition, Sample Entropy, and Improved Threshold Function
Authors: Zhang Dengyong , Wang Shanshan , Li Feng , Tian Shang , Wang Jin , Ding Xiangling , Gong Rongrong
Published: December 2020

The electrocardiogram (ECG) signal can easily be affected by various types of noises while being recorded, which decreases the accuracy of subsequent diagnosis. Therefore, the efficient denoising of ECG signals has become an important research topic. In the paper, we proposed an efficient ECG denoising approach based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD), sample entropy, and improved threshold function. This method can better remove the noise of ECG signals and provide better diagnosis service for the computer-based automatic medical system. The proposed work includes three stages of analysis: (1) EMD is used to decompose the signal into finite intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), and according to the sample entropy of each order of IMF following EMD, the order of IMFs denoised is determined; (2) the new threshold function is adopted to denoise these IMFs after the order of IMFs denoised is determined; and (3) the signal is reconstructed and smoothed. The proposed method solves the shortcoming of discarding the first-order IMF directly in traditional EMD denoising and proposes a new threshold denoising function to improve the traditional soft and hard threshold functions. We further conduct simulation experiments of ECG signals from the MIT-BIH database, in which three types of noise are simulated: white Gaussian noise, electromyogram (EMG), and power line interference. The experimental results show that the proposed method is robust to a variety of noise types. Moreover, we analyze the effectiveness of the proposed method under different input SNR with reference to improving SNR (

SNR

imp

) and mean square error (

MSE

), then compare the denoising algorithm proposed in this paper with previous ECG signal denoising techniques. The results demonstrate that the proposed method has a higher

SNR

imp

and a lower

MSE

. Qualitative and quantitative studies demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is a good ECG signal denoising method.
Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control of a VAV Air-Conditioning Terminal Temperature System
Authors: Niu Fuzhou , Li Ziyang , Yang Lijian , Wu Zhengtian , Zhu Qixin , Jiang Baoping
Published: December 2020

A varied air volume (VAV) air-conditioning system comprises diverse input and/or output disturbances, which are commonly nonlinear, with large lag and uncertainty. Based on the traditional control methods, testing the controlling parameters of a VAV air-conditioning system is challenging. Sliding mode control could improve the robustness of the system due to the adaptive capacity of disturbance rejection. Moreover, the fuzzy algorithm could be employed to determine the stability of a sliding control system by adjusting the parameters in the approach rate, reducing the switching frequency, and weakening chatter. Fuzzy sliding mode control is investigated in this paper to improve the performance of a VAV air-conditioning system. Simulation results verify that the sliding mode control is suitable for a VAV air-conditioning system to achieve good adaptability and robustness considering the influence of multiple external variable disturbances. In addition, the chattering of the system is improved after the introduction of fuzzy control.
Optimization of Wheel Reprofiling Based on the Improved NSGA-II
Authors: Wang Xinghu , Yuan Jiabin , Hua Sha , Duan Bojia
Published: December 2020

Wheels are the key components of a train, and the shape of the wheel flange should be maintained to ensure the security of train operations. As a method to maintain the shape at the cost of the diameter size, reprofiling has significant impacts on the lifecycle of a train. A wheel model is built in this paper based on the analysis of the wheel wear features and datasets from Taiyuan locomotives. With the decision variables

T

i

,

T
i
′

, which describe the reprofiling strategy, we formulate a multiobjective optimization problem simultaneously minimizing the reprofiling numbers and maximizing the serving years. To find the solutions of the multiobjective model, the NSGA-II (nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II) is extended with an alteration of the crowding distance calculation and genetic operators. The improved NSGA-II performs better than other approaches (e.g., fixed reprofiling strategy, changeable reprofiling strategy, and NSGA-II). Meanwhile, outstanding solutions with longer servicing years and less reprofiling are listed in this paper. Our study reveals the relationship between the diameter, flange thickness, and their individual attrition rates and proposes a wear model, multiobjective model, and improved NSGA-II. Compared with existing reprofiling strategies, the strategy recommended in our work can significantly increase the lifecycle of the wheel coupled with a low repair frequency.
Phenotypic Mapping of Pathologic Cross-Talk between Glioblastoma and Innate Immune Cells by Synthetic Genetic Tracing
Authors: Schmitt Matthias Jürgen , Company Carlos , Dramaretska Yuliia , Barozzi Iros , Göhrig Andreas , Kertalli Sonia , Großmann Melanie , Naumann Heike , Sanchez-Bailon Maria Pilar , Hulsman Danielle , Glass Rainer , Squatrito Massimo , Serresi Michela , Gargiulo Gaetano
Published: December 2020

Glioblastoma is a lethal brain tumor that exhibits heterogeneity and resistance to therapy. Our understanding of tumor homeostasis is limited by a lack of genetic tools to selectively identify tumor states and fate transitions. Here, we use glioblastoma subtype signatures to construct synthetic genetic tracing cassettes and investigate tumor heterogeneity at cellular and molecular levels, in vitro and in vivo. Through synthetic locus control regions, we demonstrate that proneural glioblastoma is a hardwired identity, whereas mesenchymal glioblastoma is an adaptive and metastable cell state driven by proinflammatory and differentiation cues and DNA damage, but not hypoxia. Importantly, we discovered that innate immune cells divert glioblastoma cells to a proneural-to-mesenchymal transition that confers therapeutic resistance. Our synthetic genetic tracing methodology is simple, scalable, and widely applicable to study homeostasis in development and diseases. In glioblastoma, the method causally links distinct (micro)environmental, genetic, and pharmacologic perturbations and mesenchymal commitment.

Significance:

Glioblastoma is heterogeneous and incurable. Here, we designed synthetic reporters to reflect the transcriptional output of tumor cell states and signaling pathways' activity. This method is generally applicable to study homeostasis in normal tissues and diseases. In glioblastoma, synthetic genetic tracing causally connects cellular and molecular heterogeneity to therapeutic responses.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 521
Representações da estética gótica na casa assassinada de Lúcio Cardoso
Authors: Gaião Erica
Published: December 2020

Tomando como referência a estética gótica, o presente artigo propõe uma reflexão acerca das inflexões do gótico finissecular e das suas representações no paradigmático romance de Lúcio Cardoso, publicado em 1959: Crônica da casa assassinada. Indiscutivelmente a obra mais conhecida do escritor mineiro, Crônica assumiu status de obra-prima do cânone literário brasileiro, consagrando Cardoso como um grande autor, além de reforçar junto à crítica a sua maturidade literária. O caráter excepcional da obra tem como destaque a sua forma diferenciada e o refinamento na elaboração do enredo, desenvolvido sem o recurso de uma narrativa linear.
Entre o anjo do lar e a vampira: aspectos góticos em A corda de prata e Crônica da casa assassinada, de Lúcio Cardoso
Authors: Gomes Leonardo Ramos Botelho
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo propõe uma análise pelo viés do gótico centrada em duas personagens femininas do escritor brasileiro Lúcio Cardoso. Iniciamos com a personagem Ana, do romance Crônica da casa assassinada (1959), constituída por um aspecto fantasmal e febril, e exemplo de figuração de mulher domesticada para o casamento, especificamente para a família dos Meneses. Em um diálogo no qual apontamos similaridades e contrastes, também elencamos para estudo a personagem Gina, do texto dramático A corda de prata (1947), do mesmo escritor, no qual se problematiza a família burguesa, bem como as tensões da mulher nesse espaço opressor e o desdobramento da personagem no arquétipo do vampiro. A fim de embasar as questões elencadas, recorremos às considerações de Maria da Conceição Monteiro sobre o romance gótico, Luiz Costa Lima sobre seu conceito de ave de rapina como metáfora da sexualidade predatória, além de Mario Praz acerca de questões ligadas ao mito vampírico.
Os romances cíclicos e passionais de Lúcio Cardoso
Authors: Damasceno Beatriz dos Santos
Published: December 2020

Com base nos Diários, nos rascunhos do escritor e em entrevistas, este artigo reflete sobre a conexão entre vida e escrita no processo de criação dos romances Crônica da casa assassinada e O viajante, de Lúcio Cardoso. Observando, ainda, a construção das personagens, a relação arrastada e dinâmica com o tempo, a incessante sensação de inacabamento das obras, a trajetória artística em que se pode reconhecer que cada romance é processo, fruto e semente de um ávido escritor.
Trinta anos percorrendo a Casa: histórias de um leitor de Lúcio Cardoso
Authors: Bueno Luís
Published: December 2020

Este artigo narra a experiência pessoal de um leitor de Lúcio Cardoso que se tornaria profissional da área de Letras, procurando mostrar (ou testemunhar) as profundas diferenças que há entre a recepção de sua obra na década de 1980 e hoje. Procura também fazer uma rápida leitura de conjunto dessa obra na qual seu mais conhecido romance – Crônica da casa assassinada – é visto não como exceção, mas como elemento integrado às demais experiências do escritor.
Sete poemas de Fiódor Sologúb
Authors: Brito Filipe de
Published: December 2020

Tradução de sete poemas de Fiódor Sologúb (1863-1927), poeta, prosador e dramaturgo expoente da primeira geração dos simbolistas russos.
O arranjador na Crônica da casa assassinada, de Lúcio Cardoso
Authors: Silva Eduardo Marinho da
Published: December 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o processo de criação de uma figura incógnita presente no romance Crônica da casa assassinada, publicado pelo escritor mineiro Lúcio Cardoso no ano de 1959. Essa figura é responsável por resgatar os registros escritos dos dez narradores-personagens, rearranjando-os de forma a reconstituir a história da família Meneses. Na primeira parte, vamos desvendar o enredo oculto que subjaz a narrativa, analisando como a figura incógnita se movimenta pelas marcas gráficas e nas notações em itálico. Em seguida, essa figura será analisada à luz do conceito de arranjador (arranger), uma espécie de persona do autor que exerce pressão na economia narrativa. Por fim, discutiremos a hipótese de essa figura incógnita ser Glael, o filho perdido de Nina.
MEANINGFULNESS AND ACTION ORIENTATION AS PREDICTORS OF SELF-CONTROL AND WILLPOWER TRAITS
Authors: Ivannikov Vyacheslav A. , Gusev Alexey N. , Barabanov Daniil D. , Eidman Evgeniy V.
Published: December 2020

Background. This study examined a set of personality traits related to selfcontrol or willpower, (WP), and how self-ratings of these self-control traits are influenced by the cognitive constructs of action (versus state) orientation and meaningfulness. Design. The subjects were 943 university students, aged 17–29 (M = 19.5 years), who volunteered to complete J. Kuhl’s (1996) Action-State Orientation (ASO) scale, a Russian adaptation of the Purpose In Life test (PIL) as a measure of meaningfulness and sense-making capacity, and self-ratings of self-control traits, such as “persistence”, “decisiveness”, and “self-discipline” that produced an aggregate measure of WP and four willpower factors reflecting (1) emotional regulation, (2) commitment to action, (3) energy, and (4) execution. Results. State-oriented ineffective sense-makers (those who scored low on both ASO and PIL) rated themselves the lowest on WP. Conversely, action-oriented effective sense-makers (high scorers on both ASO and PIL) produced the highest WP self-ratings. Mediator-modelling regression analyses showed ASO and PIL to be predictive of self-rated WP — both independently, and by mediating each other’s influence on aggregate WP ratings. However, the predictive power of PIL was substantially higher than that of ASO, and the overall pattern of prediction varied across the four willpower sub-factors. Conclusion. Our results confirm the role of sense-making as a key mechanism of volitional regulaiton, and its interactions with cognitive resources such as action-orientation dispositions captured by ASO.
Evidently Married: Changing Ambiguities in Creating Family Ties in Morocco
Authors: Fioole Annerienke
Published: December 2020

What does it take for a couple to stand out as married to others? In Morocco, an ideal scenario to marry today involves families celebrating three stages: an engagement, a legal contract, and a wedding. Yet, as I will show, couples may also turn out to be married without such ceremonies. Other elements can make for evident marriages. Still, legal recognition has, over the past decades, become increasingly essential within people’s own creations of conjugal bonds. Moreover, family and penal code revisions, together with the civil registry’s expansion, have profoundly changed proceedings and possibilities to legally marry. These processes defy simple binaries of legal versus licit domains. Legal and licit understandings of marriage interlace both in people’s own evaluations and in state officials’ approaches. However, as I will argue, increased emphasis on legal registration also heightens state control over family ties and reduces people’s opportunities to leave marital definitions open-ended as this suits them over time.
Battling Marriage Laws: Early Marriage and Online Youth Piety in Indonesia
Authors: Nisa Eva F.
Published: December 2020

Indonesia has long faced issues relating to child marriages. This article will focus on the approaches taken by diverse parties to the issue of early marriage, including the government, civil society organisations, and young Indonesians themselves. Indonesia has witnessed the growth of online campaigns spearheaded by conservative Muslim youth promoting early marriage to prevent zina (adultery and fornication). Previously, the practice of early and child marriage was closely interconnected to rural areas, poverty, patriarchal norms, family honour, and low-level access to education. Today, early marriage does not exclusively relate to low socio-economic populations in rural areas; instead, emerging trends demonstrate that middle-class youth in urban areas professing to return to the true path of their religion are also turning to early marriage. These tech-savvy generations are aligning honour with piety in order to justify the decision to marry young, impacting on the ongoing battle against early marriage in the country.
Undoing Patrilineality: New Maternal Families and the Politics of Naming in Turkey
Authors: Ünal R. A.
Published: December 2020

Based on the topical life stories of fifteen single mothers from Turkey, this article traces the act of naming as a practice of social and legal boundary making and as a means of undoing patrilineality and to seek acknowledgement for a new maternal family. Analyzing the politics of naming in the stories of these single mothers, this contribution first discusses the stigmatizing aspects of conventional patrilineal and marital family naming in Turkey. It traces changes in the registration of family names, how single mothers decide on the registration of the father’s first name, and their concerns and strategies during these legal, bureaucratic procedures. Whereas family law reform has given more rights to single biological and adoptive mothers, they still remain affected by the emotional aspects of a stigmatized practice. Strategically planning their future and that of their children, one solution is to use naming to merge their maternal families with their own paternal families.
A Preliminary Study of the History of Sephardic Theatre in Italy
Authors: Briata Ilaria
Published: December 2020

This article presents the results of a preliminary inquiry into the theatrical activity of Sephardic Jews in Italy from 1492 to the 18th century. Through archival investigation conducted on catalogues of manuscripts and published books from Italian libraries, as well as on documents produced by Sephardic communities, the study focuses on three case studies: the communities in Venice, Naples, and Tuscany. Concerning the Venetian community, literary witnesses to the dramatic activity in the Ghetto are collected and analyzed, including Ester by Salomon Usque and Leon Modena. Concerning the Neapolitan community, the reasons for the absence of Sephardic cultural traces are clarified. The only extant Judeo-Spanish plays produced in Italy come from Pisa and Livorno, testifying to the prolific activity of Iberian Jews in Tuscany. Finally, a list of Hebrew dramatic works written by Italian authors of Sephardic origin is provided in order to reflect on the very categories of ‘Sephardic’ and ‘Italian.’
Marginality and Liminality in Tara Sullivan’s Golden Boy
Authors: Silkiluwasha Mpale Yvonne Mwansasu
Published: December 2020

In Tara Sullivan’s Golden Boy, the protagonist Habo is a young adult with albinism who struggles and eventually succeeds in navigating his multiple marginal spaces before eventually finding his position in society. Employing Victor Turner’s concept of liminality, I adopt a postcolonial lens to scrutinize in greater depth than literary critics have so far revealed the positive aspects of the marginal space occupied by Habo in virtue of the layered complexity of his social geography. Because his whole society is located in the global South, this disabled young adult faces a variety of marginalisations. Rather than an end point, the multiple margins traversed by Habo become for him a liminal space. Margins serve as a threshold for this teenager to discover and establish his position in his society. I deviate from Rosemarie Garland-Thomson’s theorising about disability as a social construct, since her analysis overlooks the brute fact that Habo’s albinism is a disability which constitutes a constant life threat. The disambiguation of marginality and liminality argued here is particularly important to maintain when critiquing narratives that depict the life experience of protagonists overcoming the very real-world challenges encountered at the margins of the global economic order.
Strange Religion and the Need for Wittgensteinian Philosophy
Authors: Kroesbergen Hermen
Published: December 2020

Wittgensteinian philosophy is needed to make sense of the strange practices in neo-Pentecostal religion that have been in the news in recent years. Other philosophical approaches have argued that spirits and miracles are fake, or real, or reasonable; but this misses the important question of what kind of reality is at stake here. The Wittgensteinian practice of providing hints and reminders clarifies the kind of reality that is implied in a particular context on a deeper level. By introducing this ethnographically informed philosophical approach, it can be shown that the kind of reality involved in this strange religion is that of a response to experiences of a world full of contingency, uncertainty, and chance.
Taxonomic notes on the genus Makdiops Crews & Harvey, 2011 in India (Araneae: Selenopidae)
Authors: SANKARAN PRADEEP M. , CALEB JOHN T.D. , SEBASTIAN POTHALIL A.
Published: December 2020

The selenopid genus Makdiops Crews & Harvey, 2011 was recently erected by Crews and Harvey (2011) with Selenops montigena Simon, 1889 as the type species. The genus represents medium-sized, usually high-altitude-dwelling spiders that can be diagnosed by the pattern of ventral spination of the anterior tibiae and metatarsi (4–3, 3–3 or 3–2) and by the absence of tarsal scopulae (Crews & Harvey 2011). The genus is restricted to India (five species) and Nepal (one species) (Crews & Harvey 2011; Caleb & Sankaran 2020; World Spider Catalog 2020). While erecting the new genus, Crews and Harvey (2011) transferred two species formerly placed in Selenops Latreille, 1819: Selenops montigena Simon, 1889 and Selenops agumbensis Tikader, 1969. However, they did not examine the types of these two species due to their unavailability, and both these transfers were based either only on the original or subsequent descriptions/re-descriptions of these species. In this paper, we present images of the types of these two species and transfer Selenops shevaroyensis Gravely, 1931 to Makdiops. Additionally, we provide supplementary descriptions for the types of M. montigena, M. agumbensis and M. shevaroyensis comb. nov..
A new species of the cardinalfish genus Apogon (Teleostei, Apogonidae) from the southern Red Sea and Indian Ocean with comments on phylogenetic relationships within the Apogonini
Authors: GON OFER , BOGORODSKY SERGEY V. , MAL AHMAD O. , ALPERMANN TILMAN J.
Published: December 2020

Apogon fugax is described as a new species of cardinalfishes based on a specimen trawled off Jizan (Saudi Arabia), southern Red Sea, at a depth of 60–67 m; two specimens trawled off southwest of Ayeyarwady Delta, Myanmar, at 54–129 m; and two specimens trawled off Western Australia at 166 m. The new species shares characters with the modified ‘talboti look-alikes’ species group (i.e., A. caudicinctus, A. dianthus and A. soloriens) as well as A. rubrifuscus and A. deetsie (both previously also assigned to the latter species group) in having two supraneurals, 12 pectoral-fin rays (13 rays in A. soloriens), and an enlarged, membranous, ventral preopercular edge. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the apogonid tribe Apogonini, however, revealed that A. fugax n. sp. and its most closely related congeners, A. deetsie and A. rubrifuscus, form a separate phylogenetic clade unrelated to that formed by the ‘talboti look-alikes’ species group that is part of the A. unicolor species group. Apogon fugax n. sp. is distinguished from the species of the ‘talboti look-alikes’ species group, A. deetsie and A. rubrifuscus, in having a large head (2.2–2.4 in SL versus 2.4–2.8 in SL), longer first dorsal-fin spine (1.7–2.0 versus 2.7–4.0 in length of the second spine), and in their gill rakers count (developed gill rakers on the first gill arch 11–12 versus 8–9 in A. soloriens and 13–20 in the other four species).
A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae)
Authors: SANKARAN PRADEEP M. , CALEB JOHN T.D. , SEBASTIAN POTHALIL A.
Published: December 2020

Indian species in the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 are revised, mostly based on the type material available in the National Zoological Collection, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata. Sphingius barkudensis Gravely, 1931, S. nilgiriensis Gravely, 1931 and S. paltaensis Biswas & Biswas, 1992 are redescribed. Two new combinations and one new synonymy are recognised: S. longipes Gravely, 1931 is transferred to the cithaeronid genus Inthaeron Platnick, 1991 and S. kambakamensis Gravely, 1931 is transferred to the corinnid genus Cambalida Simon, 1909, while S. delakharae Pawaria, Bodkhe, Kamble, Uniyal & Talwar, 2018 syn. nov. is synonymised with S. barkudensis. Images of all the examined type material are provided.
Description of two Staurois tadpoles from Borneo, Staurois parvus and Staurois tuberilinguis (Anura: Ranidae)
Authors: GROSJEAN STÉPHANE , PREININGER DORIS
Published: December 2020

The external morphology of two molecularly identified tadpoles of the genus Staurois, S. parvus and S. tuberilinguis is described. These tadpoles display a typical fossorial morphology characterized by a strongly depressed body, small subcutaneous eyes, a vermiform appearance with a long tail and reduced fins, a nearly pigmentless skin, a KRF of 1:1+1 on the upper labium and numerous keratodont rows on the lower one. The two species can be distinguished by several morphological differences, the most conspicuous are the eye condition (not bulging and covered by skin in S. tuberilinguis) and the presence of numerous white isolated acini on the body and tail in S. parvus. These differences support the specific status of S. parvus relatively to S. tuberilinguis despite low genetic divergence between these two taxa. The morphology of these tadpoles, as well as the buccopharyngeal anatomy of S. parvus, are compared to those of the tadpoles in the family Centrolenidae and the definition of the fossorial ecomorphological guild is updated.
A checklist of ciliate epibionts (Ciliophora) found on bryozoans
Authors: CHATTERJEE TAPAS , DOVGAL IGOR
Published: December 2020

A compilation of the ciliate (Ciliophora) species found on marine and fresh water bryozoans as epibionts has been carried out based on published records. The checklist includes the taxonomic position of each species of epibiontic ciliate, the species of basibiont bryozoans, localities and the bibliographic references. Altogether 40 ciliate species from classes Spirotrichea (two species); Suctorea (sixteen species); Oligohymenophorea, subclass Peritrichia (sixteen species) and Heterotrichea, family Folliculinidae (six species) were listed. Among registered species, six were reported on bryozoans only. Only one species of peritrich ciliate Ellobiophrya conviva adapted to inhabit on tentacles of bryozoans with special adhesive organelle (cinctum or adhesive ring) indicate a possible specific to bryozoan host.