bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How birth outcomes among a cohort of Guatemalan women with a history of prior cesarean vary by mode or birth across different interpregnancy intervals
Authors: Harrison Margo , Garces Ana , Figueroa Lester , Westcott Jamie , Hambidge Michael , Krebs Nancy F
Published: February 2021

Objectives: Our objectives were to analyze how pregnancy outcomes varied by cesarean birth as compared to vaginal birth across varying interpregnancy intervals (IPI).Methods: This secondary analysis used data from a prospective registry of home and hospital births in Chimaltenango, Guatemala from January 2017 through April 2020, through the Global Network for Women’s and Children’s Health Research. Bivariate comparisons and multivariable modeling was used to answer our study question, and the data was analyzed with STATA software v.15.1.Results: Of 26,465 Guatemalan women enrolled in the registry, 3,170 (12.0%) had a history of prior cesarean. 560 (20.1%) women delivered by vaginal birth after cesarean with the remaining 2,233 (79.9%) delivered by repeat cesarean. Repeat cesarean reduced the risk of needing a dilation and curettage compared to vaginal birth after cesarean, but this association did not vary by IPI (AOR 0.01 – 0.03, p < 0.001). Repeat cesarean delivery, as compared to vaginal birth after cesarean, significantly reduced the likelihood a woman breastfeeding within one hour of birth (AOR 0.009 – 0.10, p < 0.001), but IPI was not associated with the outcome. Regarding stillbirth, repeat cesarean birth reduced the likelihood of stillbirth as compared to vaginal birth (AOR 0.2, p = 0.001 – 0.002), but again IPI was not associated with the outcome.Conclusion: Outcomes by mode of delivery among a Guatemalan cohort of women with a history of prior cesarean birth do not vary by IPI.
Zur Bedeutung der Mediennutzung für die Medienbildung Lehramtsstudierender
Authors: Lippstreu Michael
Published: February 2021

Ausgabe 12 / 2009Themenschwerpunkt: Medien in der Lehrerbildung
Medienbildung in der 1. Phase der Lehrkräftebildung durch den Einsatz von ePortfolios im Studiengang Sachunterricht.
Authors: Weber Nadine , Skorsetz Nina , Kucharz Diemut
Published: February 2021

Dieser Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wie der Erwerb von Medienbildung in der 1. Phase der Lehrkräfteausbildung durch die Anwendung eines digitalen Portfolios unterstützt werden kann. Dazu soll unser hochschuldidaktisches Konzept eines digitalen Portfolios, ein so genanntes ePortfolio, im Studiengang Sachunterricht vorgestellt werden. Es soll außerdem dargelegt werden, wie die Studierenden über das Erwerben und Reflektieren eigener Medienkompetenz auch medienpädagogische Kompetenz im Umgang mit digitalen Medien erwerben können. Dabei wurden Reflexionstexte der Studierenden am Ende des Einführungsseminars (Portfoliobaustein 1) kategoriengeleitet ausgewertet.
The System of Public Education on the Territory of the Black Sea Province in 1896–1917. Part 2
Authors:   Joint Laboratory of the International Network Center for Fundamental and Applied Research and Volgograd State University, International Network Center for Fundamental and Applied Research, Cherkasov Aleksandr A. ,   Volgograd State University, Bratanovskii Sergei N. ,   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics,   Insititute of State and Law of RAS, Koroleva Larisa A. ,   Penza State University of Architecture and Construction
Published: February 2021

The article discusses the system of public education on the territory of the Black Sea province in 1896–1917. In this part, the authors consider the period of 1908–1917, that is, from the start of preparatory activities for the introduction of universal primary education to the February revolution. The main sources for the preparation of the work were the annual “Reports on the state of educational institutions in the Caucasian educational district” which presented data on schools under the Ministry of Public Education and the All-Subordinate reports of the Ober-Prosecutor of the Holy Synod, which reflected the information on parish schools. The reporting documents of the Ministry of Public Education, which were deposited in the Russian state historical archive (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation), are also of great importance. In conclusion, the authors state that in the period from 1896 to 1917 a whole network of educational institutions was established on the territory of the Black sea province, which consisted of 4 high schools, 11 lower educational institutions and 156 primary schools. The total number of educational institutions was 171, 30 of those were subordinate to the ecclesiastical department, and 128 — to the Ministry of Public Education. On the eve of the First world war, more than 10 thousand children were enrolled in schools, out of 13,8 thousand children of school age. Under these circumstances, if this course had continued and had not been affected by the First world war, we could say that by 1918, all 100 % of children in the Black sea province would have been covered by school.
Colonial Reality and Postcolonial Instrumentalization of the Overseas Expansion of the Duchy of Courland
Authors:   National Institute for Higher Education, Yevstratyev Oleg I.
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the theoretical understanding of the history of colonial policy of the Duchy of Courland in 1645–1731 through the prism of the phenomenon of a “colonial reality” based on Fernand Braudel’s concept of three levels of historical time and Immanuel Wallerstein’s world-systems analysis. The article also examines with the help of the postcolonial approach the practice of applying a colonial episode of the history of Courland by some modern nations in the context of “postcolonial instrumentalization” of this issue. The following conclusions are as made: 1) at the level of “event history”, colonialism of Courland organized in a typical way of the 17th century in the form of “point” settlements in Gambia and on Tobago (it included also iron mines in Norway leased from Denmark) was part of Jacob Kettler’s (years of reign 1642–1681) project of turning his state into a “second Holland”; 2) within the “time of very long duration”, Courland had convenient geographic but unfavorable geopolitical conditions for the overseas expansion; 3) within the “time of long duration”, colonial policy of the Duchy faced insurmountable obstacles connected with its ethnosocial structure and its peripheral position within the 17th century world-economy; 4) from 1698 to 1731, Duke Jacob’s heirs contested vainly the Island of Tobago as part of the “Courland inheritance”; 5) at the present stage, we can see how some modern nations use this episode to overcome their “postcolonial syndrome” (Latvians, Belarusians) and justify their “imperial” ambitions (Poles). At both levels (“colonial reality” and “postcolonial instrumentalization”), attempts to escape from the periphery into the core are evident.
Between Science and Ideology. History of German Speaking Ethnography of Czech Lands
Authors:   University of West Bohemia, Lozoviuk Petr
Published: February 2021

The study focuses on the chronological development of the ethnography of Germans living in the Czech Lands. The emphasis is put on its institutionalization and association with ideological concepts of the time. The ethnographical interest in Germans living in the Czech Lands dates back to the beginning of the 19th century. It focused on the lifestyle of the geographically and linguistically divided population. The disappearing traditions maintained in village communities were considered the most appropriate subject of study. After the establishment of the Czechoslovak Republic, German ethnographers concentrated on topics related to the strengthening of identity of the new German society which became part of the Republic. This development enhanced the prestige of ethnography, which facilitated its institutionalization in the academic environment. During the interwar years, ethnography was considered an appropriate academic discipline that could legitimize many politically-related claims, and was, therefore, expected to solve many societal isssues. In the years 1938–1945, the ideological instrumentalization of ethnography in the Czech-German environment reached a qualitatively new level. This was reflected in the focus of research of the newly established academic institutions, which were supposed to — with the help of ethnographic methods — contribute to the “scientific” legitimacy of the expansion plans of the Nazi regime already implemented or being prepared at that time. A strong inclination towards ideologically formulated “applied” science led to and in the first half of the 1940s eventually resulted in the explicitly racist research on the issue of “blood mixing” and the active participation of many ethnographers in the preparation, and partly also in the realization of the Nazi idea of a “new Europe”. The history of Sudeten-German ethnography was terminated by the displacement of the German population from what is now the Czech Republic in the second half of the 1940s.
Evaluation of Asia and Decolonization in the US Press
Authors:   Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, Buranok Sergey O.
Published: February 2021

No research in the colonial system issues during the Cold War would be complete without studying the press of the participating parties. In order to give a detailed analysis of the international relationships in terms of the global transformations from an American point of view, the article explores relevant newspaper articles published after the World War II. It shows changes concerning priority schemes as viewed in American social discourse during 1945. Roosevelt’s plan for the dismantling of the colonial empires was gradually replaced with less radical plans, which presupposed using the colonial experience for foreign policy of the USA. The materials of the American press of 1945 dedicated to the search for the most effective strategy of building relations with both colonial empires and dependent territories demonstrate, among other things, a steady interest of American mass media in negative and positive experience of colonial policy. Thus, in the American public discourse of late 1945 emerged several new approaches towards evaluation of the prospects of the colonial system. The first approach: retention of all colonial empires, especially in the key points of the after-war world (Middle East, Indochina, Northern Africa). The second approach: retention of the British colonial empire capable of controlling (with the aid from the USA) the Mediterranean area, the Middle East, and the South-Eastern Asia; which would address two tasks, namely provision of valuable raw materials for the American economy, and control over rebels and national liberation forces. The third approach: replacement of colonial empires with American military presence in order to solve the same problems.
The Spanish Transition as a Model of Political Consolidation
Authors:   Deusto University-Bilbao, Pozas María Jesús
Published: February 2021

The article analyses the Spanish Transition from a dictatorship to a democracy as a process of political change during the period from Franco’s death in 1975 until the arrival of the Socialists to Power in 1982. Over this period, the political parties had reached a consensus, which contributed to reconciliation among the Spaniards culminating in the approval of the Constitution in 1978, which in its turn resulted in the creation of a rule-of-law state. The key people of the transition were King Juan Carlos I, who supported the democratic system; Adolfo Suárez, who became an active stateman under Franco’s regime, and was appointed Head of Government by the King during the transition; and Torcuato Fernández Miranda, President of the Franco’s Courts. During the Transition the sectarianism was abandoned, and a shared idea arose that our country was a democracy similarly to other European countries around us. The transition has been defined as a “model” because it took root, and democracy quickly consolidated. It has become a historical feat with no precedents, but above all we have to understand the historical context in which this occurred. The transition was possible thanks to genuine consensus among the Spaniards. Recently, an idea has emerged from the communist far left, and some socialists, along with separatists, connected with the 2008 crisis, which calls for the repeal of the constitutional order and the monarchy. The proponents of this idea consider monarchy a continuation of Franco’s regime. However, it is evident that the Constitution ensures and guarantees Spaniards’ rights and freedoms.
Evaluation of willingness to pay toward improving water supply services in Sebeta town, Ethiopia
Authors: Eridadi Hosea Mutanda , Yoshihiko Inagaki , Alemayehu Esayas , Kiwanuka Moses
Published: February 2021

Sebeta town is one of the rapidly growing towns in Ethiopia. Its closeness to Addis Ababa city has attracted industrial, urban development, and population growth. This development has created problems with drinking water shortages in the community. This study aimed at determining the household's willingness to pay (WTP) amount toward improving water supply services and analyzing the influencing factors of WTP. A contingent valuation (CV) technique was applied in quantifying the households' WTP and the influencing factors toward the program. The field observations, key informant interviews, and household questionnaire interviews from 250 respondents out of the targeted 280 were employed in collecting field data. Results from CV revealed that 66% of the households were WTP toward improving the water supply services beyond their current monthly water bills. Households were WTP about 20 Ethiopian Birr (ETB) above the average current water bill of 161 ETB. The binary logistic model results statistically demonstrated that independent variables of gender, age, marital status, education level, years in Sebeta, and average monthly income were significantly influencing the household's WTP at p = 0.01 and 0.05. This study provides vital hints for further research and baseline information for local administration and communities about the water supply in the area and holistic appropriation of water tariffs in line with government policy.
A Review: Underutilized Plant of Sabah and its Potential Value
Authors: Shamsudin Nor Amirah , Goh Lucky Poh Wah , Sabullah Mohd Khalizan , Sani Suraya Abdul , Abdulla Rahmath , Gansau Jualang Azlan
Published: February 2021

Underutilized plants are referred to a plant species whose potential is not fully utilized yet
and they are usually found abundantly in certain local areas but are globally rare. Sabah is known for
high biodiversity and contains many underutilized plants. To our knowledge, this is the first review to
provide overview information of the medicinal value and pharmacological properties of underutilized
plants in Sabah. Extract and metabolites in different parts of several underutilized plants contain multiple
beneficial bioactive compounds and the exploitation of these compounds was supported by additional
data that plays various biological activities, including anti-atherosclerotic, anti-cancer antihypercholesterolemic
and anti-ulcerogenic. A handful of pharmacological studies on these underutilized
plants have conclusively outlined the mode of action in treatment of several diseases and in other
health aspects. This paper limits its scope to review and highlight the potential of using underutilized
plants in Sabah only which could serve as reliable resource for health product development in pharmaceutical
and nutraceutical through continuous discovering of more active and sustainable resources
as well as ingredients for food and medicine.
Recent Progress on Apoptotic Activity of Triazoles
Authors: Çıkla-Süzgün P. , Küçükgüzel Ş.G.
Published: February 2021

Apoptosis is often called programmed cell death and is defined as a self-directed cell destruction
process. It is different from necrosis due to the activation of caspases during this process.
Apoptosis is directly related to cancer progression and plays a vital role in carcinogenesis; all cytotoxic
drugs and radiation therapy programs initiate apoptosis in tumor cells. Today, studies show that
heterocyclic compounds that contain triazole functionality have anticancer activities; triazoles are 5-
membered rings, which contain two carbon and three nitrogen atoms. Therefore, many researchers
have synthesized these small active compounds as target structures and evaluated their apoptotic activities.
The present review describes recent medicinal aspects of triazoles as anticancer agents that
have been reported during the past few years. We hope that the bioactivity of triazole derivatives will
be beneficial for the rational design of a new generation of small molecule drugs.
Coumarins and Quinolones as Effective Multiple Targeted Agents Versus
Covid-19: An In Silico Study
Authors: Nejabat Mojgan , Ghodsi Razieh , Hadizadeh Farzin
Published: February 2021

Background:

The Covid-19 virus emerged a few months ago in China and infections rapidly escalated into a pandemic.

Objective:

To date, there is no selective antiviral agent for the management of pathologies associated with covid-19 and the need for an effective agent against it is essential.

Method:

In this work two home-made databases from synthetic quinolines and coumarins were virtually docked against viral proteases (3CL and PL), human cell surface proteases (TMPRSS2 and furin) and spike proteins (S1 and S2). Chloroquine, a reference drug without a clear mechanism against coronavirus was also docked on mentioned targets and the binding affinities compared with title compounds.

Result:

The best compounds of synthetic coumarins and quinolines for each target were determined. All compounds against all targets showed binding affinity between -5.80 to -8.99 kcal/mol in comparison with the FDA-approved drug, Chloroquine, with binding affinity of -5.7 to -7.98 kcal/mol. Two compounds, quinoline-1 and coumarin-24, were found to be effective on three targets – S2, TMPRSS2 and furin – simultaneously, with good predicted affinity between -7.54 to -8.85 kcal/mol. In silico ADME studies also confirmed good oral absorption for them. Furthermore, PASS prediction was calculated and coumarin-24 had higher probable activity (Pa) than probable inactivity (Pi) with acceptable protease inhibitory as well as good antiviral activity against Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and influenza.

Conclusion:

Quinoline-1 and Coumarin-24 have the potential to be used against Covid-19. Hence these agents could be useful in combating covid-19 infection after further in vitro and in vivo studies.
Innovative Approaches to Synthesize Novel Graphene Materials
Authors: Islam A.K.M. Shafiqul , Hussain Rabia Tasaduq , Khairuddean Melati , Mohd Suah Faiz Bukhari , Ahmed Naser M.
Published: February 2021

Graphene is an allotropic form of carbon with a single-layer 2D structure. Graphene’s
unique physical and electrochemical properties, such as its large surface area, high conductivity,
robust mechanical strength, remarkable thermal conductivity, exceptional biocompatibility, and suitability
for functionalization, make it a new research frontier for carbon-based nanomaterials. In this
review, we summarize the different aspects of Graphene, that is, its synthesis via two approaches,
namely, top-down and bottom-up approaches, and discuss its new derivatives.
Chitosan - A Potential Polymer to Prepare Anticancer Drug Delivery Systems: Patent Review
Authors: Kriplani Priyanka , Guarve Kumar
Published: February 2021

Background:

Polymers are used in drug delivery systems to encapsulate and release the
drug. Natural polymers have the advantages of biodegradability, biocompatibility, and recognizable
biological moieties that maintain cellular functions as compared to synthetic polymers. Chitosan
is a natural polycationic linear polysaccharide that originates from chitin. Its easy modification,
release rate of drug, ability to cross-link with other polymers, gelling ability, immunostimulation,
bioadhesion, biocompatibility, and biodegradability has increased its application in various
drug delivery systems.

Objective:

The objective of the present study is to overview the recent patents of the application of
chitosan in various drug delivery systems and their use in the prevention of cancer and other ailments.

Methods:

In this review, the patent application of chitosan in various drug delivery systems employed
to cure mainly cancer has been covered with particular emphasis on their scientific impact
and novelty.

Results:

Chitosan has proved its potential as a polymer to control and target the drug at the site of
action.

Conclusion:

The potential of chitosan and its derivatives to deliver and target the drug may open
new avenues for therapeutic interventions in different tumors.
Targeting Cancer Stem Cells with Repurposed Drugs to Improve Current Therapies
Authors: Fong Dunne , Christensen Chase T. , Chan Marion M.
Published: February 2021

Background:

Cancer is a multistep process involving genetic and epigenetic changes in
the somatic genome. Genetic mutations as well as environmental factors lead to the initiation, promotion,
and progression of cancer. Metastasis allows cancer cells to spread via circulatory and lymphatic
systems; secondary tumorigenesis typically leads to a fatal outcome. Recent experimental
evidence suggests that Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) play a pivotal role in tumor progression. A tumor
is heterogeneous and composed of different cell types. CSCs are a subpopulation of tumor cells possessing
abilities to self-renew and differentiate.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to present repurposed drugs, and potential candidates, that
can serve as anticancer medications intended to target resistant cancer cells, i.e. CSCs.

Methods:

Research publications, FDA filings, and patents have been reviewed for repurposed
drugs or drug combinations that can act to improve cancer treatment and care.

Results:

Drugs that act against CSCs include ones approved for treatment of diabetes (metformin
& thiazolidinediones), parasitic diseases (chloroquine, niclosamide, mebendazole & pyrvinium),
psychotic disorders (thioridazine, clomipramine & phenothiazines), alcoholism (disulfiram), lipid
disorder (statins), inflammatory diseases (tranilast, auranofin, acetaminophen & celecoxib), antibiotics
(azithromycin), and other disorders. Current research findings advocate the existence of beneficial
effects by combining these repurposed drugs, and also through their complementary use with
conventional cancer therapies.

Conclusion:

Repurposing FDA-approved medications towards cancer care, by targeting the resistant
CSCs, will allow for a quicker, cheaper development and approval process. A larger drug library
available to physicians will allow for increased efficacy during both first-line and recurrent
cancer treatments.
Bioactive Compounds of Polygonatum sibiricum - Therapeutic Effect and
Biological Activity
Authors: Zhao Xin , Patil Suryaji , Qian Airong , Zhao Caihong
Published: February 2021

Plants serve as an important source of medicinal compounds, and their use in various diseases
dates back hundreds of years. One such plant-based compound and the discovery of the antimalarial
drug, artemisinin, has significantly brought phytomedicines into the spotlight and has enhanced
the understanding and, consequently, the application of formulations derived from plants.
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), which is based primarily on plants, holds immense potential
and is an unexplored source for modern medicine. Many herbs, including Polygonatum sibiricum
(PS), are used in Chinese medicine to treat various diseases. Polygonatum sibiricum (PS) belongs
to the Liliaceae family and is used not only as a medicinal but also dietary supplement. PS has a
highly diverse composition of bioactive compounds such as flavones, homoisoflavanone, alkaloids,
lignins, steroid saponins, triterpenoid saponins, polysaccharides, etc. Because of such diverse composition,
PS has been used as an anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoporotic agent, as well as
an immunity booster, sleep enhancer, etc. Therefore, in this article, we review the therapeutic effect
of bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides, saponins, and PS extract in various diseases
and their biological activities in fatigue, immunity, sleep, anti-aging, etc.
The Effect of Cyberspace-Based Education on the Well-Being of Caregivers of Elderly People with Dementia
Authors: Mollaei Parisa , Momtaz Yadollah Abolfathi , Taheri-Tanjani Parisa
Published: February 2021

Introduction:

One of the consequences of aging is the prevalence of chronic and age-related
diseases, such as dementia. Caring for patients with dementia has a negative impact on the
caregiver's well-being. This study aimed to examine the impact of cyberspace-based education on
the well-being of caregivers of demented elderly people.

Methods:

This experimental study was done on a sample of 86 caregivers of the elderly with dementia
in 2018. The study sample was selected from the memory clinic of Taleghani Hospital and
randomly assigned into groups (intervention n = 43, control n = 43 groups). The well-being was
measured using the World Health Organization - Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) before and two
months after the intervention. The cyberspace-based educational intervention was conducted for
one month. The SPSS software version 23 was employed in data analysis.

Results:

The mean age of the caregivers in the intervention and control groups were M = 51.95,
SD = 10.90 and M = 51.36, SD = 15.12 respectively. No significant difference was found between
the two groups in terms of age, gender, and level of education. The results of the analysis showed
that while the well-being of the intervention group was significantly increased (t (38) = -11.38,
P<0.001), the well-being in the control group was significantly reduced (t(36) =4.71, P<0.001).

Conclusion:

The findings showed that cyberspace-based education could improve the well-being
of caregivers of the elderly with dementia.
Анализ разрушения перлитной рельсовой стали с внутренней макротрещиной
Authors: Атрошенко С.А. , Майер С.С. , Смирнов В.И.
Published: February 2021

One of the most dangerous defects leading to transverse fractures of rails is internal transverse cracks in the rail head. In this work, a fractographic analysis of the cross-sectional surface of a rail with a transverse fatigue crack is carried out. The rail sample was taken out of work after many years of service. Microstructural analysis of the crack surface and the surrounding material shows a significant degradation of the physical and mechanical properties of the rail steel.
Поляритонные моды в цилиндрическом микрорезонаторе в режим поляритонного лазера
Authors: Котова Л.В. , Savvidis P.G. , Besombes L. , Кочерешко В.П.
Published: February 2021

The spectra of exciton-polariton photoluminescence from cylindrical microcavities under optical excitation below and above the threshold of transition to the polariton laser regime under conditions of strong exciton-photon coupling were studied. At relatively weak optical excitation, lateral quantization modes of polaritons and whispering gallery modes appeared. Both the spectral distribution of these modes and the spatial dependence of their wave functions in the resonator plane were observed. With an increase in the excitation intensity and a transition to the polariton laser regime, only one, the longest-wavelength lasing line remained in the spectrum. It has been suggested that under strong optical excitation, the spectrum contains not only exciton-polariton radiation, but also trion-polariton radiation.
Фазовая диаграмма модели Поттса с числом состояний спина q=4 на гексагональной решетке
Authors: Муртазаев А.К. , Мазагаева М.К. , Рамазанов М.К. , Магомедов М.А. , Муртазаева А.А.
Published: February 2021

We have carried out Monte Carlo investigations of the phase transitions, thermodynamic properties and ground-state magnetic structures in two-dimensional 4-state Potts model on a hexagonal lattice with the competing exchange interactions. Researches are carried out for the value of interaction of next-nearest neighbor in the range of 0.0≤r≤1.0. Taking into account of antiferromagnetic interaction of next-nearest neighbor is shown to lead to the violation of the magnetic ordering. The phase diagram of dependence of critical temperature on the value of interaction of next-nearest neighbor is plotted. Of the orders of phase transitions has been carried out. It is established that the phase transition of the first order is observed in the ranges of 0.0≤r≤0.2 and 0.7≤r≤1.0. In the range of 0.3≤r≤0.6 frustration are observed.
О механизме возбуждения плазменных колебаний в твердых телах, исследованных методом полного внешнего отражения рентгеновских лучей
Authors: Стожаров В.М. , Хинич И.И.
Published: February 2021

Рассмотрен механизм возбуждения плазменных колебаний в твердых телах методом полного внешнего отражения рентгеновских лучей. Показано, что главную роль в возбуждении плазмонов в твердых телах играют медленные электроны, входящие благодаря вторично-электронному усилению в тонких поверхностных слоях твердого тела в состав многоэлектронных актов эмиссии в виде электронных пачек. Для карбида кремния проведен качественный расчет числа медленных вторичных электронов, порожденных рентгеновскими фотоэлектронам. Ключевые слова: плазмон, плазменные колебания, электрон, электронная пачка, квантовый выход.
A framework for the evaluation and use of alternative data in the Consumer Expenditure Surveys
Authors: Erhard Laura , McBride Brett , safir Adam
Published: February 2021

As part of the implementation of its strategic plan, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has increasingly studied the issue of using alternative data to improve both the quality of its data and the process by which those data are collected. The plan includes the goal of integrating alternative data into BLS programs. This article describes the framework used by the BLS Consumer Expenditure Surveys (CE) program and the potential these data hold for complementing data collected in traditional formats. It also addresses some of the challenges BLS faces when using alternative data and the complementary role that alternative data play in improving the quality of data currently collected. Alternative data can substitute for what is presently being collected from respondents and provide additional information to supplement the variables the CE program produces or to adjust the CE program’s processing and weighting procedures.
The effects of pregnancy on relapse rates, disability and peripartum outcomes in women with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Modrego Pedro J , Urrea Maria Añaños , de Cerio Leyre Diaz
Published: February 2021

Background:
Although previous cohort studies of women with multiple sclerosis (MS) yielded a reduction in relapse rate during pregnancy, the effect size has not been quantified in a comprehensive manner. In addition, the effects on disability progression and peripartum outcomes have been controversial. The purpose of this work is to assess the effect of pregnancy on disease activity, and to assess the effects of MS on pregnancy as well.
Materials & methods:
We searched in PubMed, Cochrane Library and EMBASE for cohort studies dealing with the effects of pregnancy on relapse rates, disability progression and peripartum outcomes in women with MS. The evaluated outcomes were: changes in the annualized relapse rate (ARR) in pregnancy and puerperium, disability worsening compared with the year before pregnancy, and peripartum outcomes, which were compared with the ones of non-MS women. In the majority of cohorts included here, the women were not under disease modifying therapies during pregnancy.
Results:
We found 23 cohort studies measuring changes in the ARR during pregnancy and puerperium; 12 were prospective and 11 retrospective. In 17 cohorts there was significant reduction in the ARR during pregnancy compared with prepregnancy period. The pooled mean reduction in the ARR was -0.5 (95% CI: 0.67–0.38), p < 0.001, from 15 cohorts included in meta-analysis. In 18 cohorts the ARR increased in the 3-month puerperium relative to prepregnancy year period; the pooled mean increase in the ARR was 0.22 (95% CI: 0.11–0.33), p < 0.001, from 14 cohorts included in meta-analysis. Disability worsening was addressed in 18 cohorts, and in 14 of them there were no significant changes. Peripartum complications and obstetrical outcomes were assessed in 16 cohorts, of whom 13 were retrospective, without finding significant differences.
Conclusion:
Pregnancy is associated with lower disease activity, and puerperium with higher disease activity. Disability does not change significantly after pregnancy. The obstetrical outcomes are not very different from those of non-MS women in most cohorts.
A CONSTRUÇÃO DO CONCEITO NOS DISCURSOS TÉCNICO-CIENTÍFICOS,
Authors: BARBOSA Maria Aparecida
Published: February 2021

Este trabalho propõe-se a examinar aspectos importantes dos níveisconceptual, lexemático e terminológico do percurso gerativo da enunciação de codificaçãoe de decodificação. O estudo das estruturas e funções das unidades-padrão do planocognitivo e do plano semiótico tem grande relevância, no âmbito das pesquisas lexicológicas,semânticas e terminológicas. São analisadas, aqui, de um lado, a complexidadeestrutural e funcional dos constructos do primeiro nível — arquiconceito, metaconceito,metametaconceito, com vistas à proposição de uma tipologia de campos conceituais; deoutro, são examinadas diferenças conceituais e metodológicas entre conceito e definição,enquanto subsídios para a metodologia le configuração de traços semântico-conceptuaisde um conceito.
OBRA CAETÉS DE GRACILIANO RAMOS SOB O OLHAR DA DIALETOLOGIA
Authors: Pessoa dos Santos Ellem Kyara
Published: February 2021

Nesta pesquisa analisamos a obra regionalista Caetés (2013) do escritor Graciliano Ramos com o intento de discutir a relação eminentemente estreita entre linguagem regional-popular e Dialetologia. Nesse viés, nosso estudo está fundamentando na teoria dialetológica com enfoque na variação diatópica. Buscamos, assim, corroborar que é por meio do léxico que conseguimos identificar os aspectos geo-sócio-culturais de uma comunidade linguística. Para tal, ancoramos nosso trabalho nos pressupostos teóricos de Biderman (1978), Câmara Júnior (1965), Cardoso (2016), entre outros. Por fim, podemos afirmar que ao analisar o léxico da obra em estudo, através dos pressupostos da Dialetologia, foi possível perceber o quão grandiosa a obra de Graciliano é em regionalismos. Seu estilo literário evidencia a língua falada do povo nordestino, evidencia seus hábitos, costumes, ideologias, bem como, sua cultura.
CHIARA LUBICH Y LA FRATERNIDAD UNIVERSAL
Authors: CAIMI GIOVANNA
Published: February 2021

Este estudio se propone analizar cómo se entiende y define el conceptode Fraternidad Universal y cómo se desarrolla en la construcción discursiva de ChiaraLubich. En este sentido el trabajo de investigación surgió con el propósito de iniciar unaserie de reflexiones sobre la intersubjetividad inherente al discurso de Chiara Lubich, unade los líderes religiosos y sociales más importantes del siglo XX. Para lograrlo se requiereconsiderar, desde el punto de vista del Análisis del Discurso, los significados de “diálogo” ysu práctica social con base en discursos desarrollados por esta autora y evaluar la novedadde su propuesta dialógica por los aportes al pensamiento contemporáneo una vez que laperspectiva sociocultural adoptada en los textos integra distintas ideologías y diferentescontextos de la realidad humana. Siendo así, nos propusimos analizar la dimensión dialógicay la valoración, en términos semánticos y retóricos, principalmente del concepto deFraternidad Universal en sus discursos. Para esto ha sido necesario identificar la organizaciónestructural de los enunciados para conformar una argumentación y sus diversas tonalidadesdesde la dimensión dialógica del discurso. El recorrido del estudio implicó un análisisminucioso de las construcciones discursivas de cada texto en el cual hemos identificado loselementos evaluativos desde una perspectiva dialógica (Bajtín 1981, 1982) según la cualcada enunciado constituye una unidad en estrecha conexión con los enunciados que hansido emitidos anterior o posteriormente, así como las tonalidades discursivas (Martínez,2001, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2013). Se concluye que la categoría social de la fraternidad ha sidoconstruida por Chiara Lubich a partir de procesos dialógicos del lenguaje en los cuales laselección de los actores, procesos y circunstancias están impregnados de intencionalidad,apreciación y predicción relacionadas a los procesos de negociación de sentido establecidospor el enunciador en el momento de la producción y lectura del texto cuyos efectos recaensobre la cimentación de una realidad humano-divina inesperada.
COLIGAÇÃO CH: Uma experiência além da razão comunicativa
Authors: SILVA Marconi Aurélio
Published: February 2021

O artigo analisa uma das propostas mais inovadoras e de vanguarda no âmbito da comunicação, proposta por Chiara Lubich já no início dos anos 1980, quando ainda não havia internet comercial, tampouco facilidades para realizar interconexão global simultânea por meio telefônico: trata-se da Coligação CH. Das centenas de produções, o presente texto aborda a edição do mês de setembro/2001, logo após o atentado em Nova Iorque, quando o mundo inteiro estava chocado com tamanho ato terrorista. Lubich propõe ao mundo praticar a “fraternidade universal”. A presente pesquisa analisa o discurso do vídeo, procurando compreender melhor sua linguagem e narrativa que retratam, na prática, a realidade proposta já em ação nas atitudes de todos que dele participam.

Palavras-chave: Collegamento CH; Dialogia; Inclusão discursiva; Chiara Lubich; Fraternidade universal.
TOPONÍMIA EM LIBRAS
Authors: Roselba Gomes de Miranda  , Bruno Gonçalves Carneiro  , Andrade Karylleila dos Santos
Published: February 2021

Este artigo apresenta os procedimentos de uma pesquisa em andamento em relação ao levantamento, registro e categorização da Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras) do Projeto intitulado Toponímia em Libras, da Universidade Federal do Tocantins, que objetiva documentar e disponibilizar topônimos em Libras de cidades do estado do Tocantins através do armazenamento de informações em Fichas Lexicográfico-Toponímicas Digitais. Os sinais são coletados a partir da conversa espontânea entre surdos, através de observação participante e também por meio de entrevistas com surdos membros da comunidade surda. Para o registro desses sinais, foi elaborada uma ficha lexicográfico-toponímica que envolve os seguintes microparadigmas: a imagem do topônimo em Libras; o Mapa e Localização do Município; o link de acesso ao vídeo na Plataforma do YouTube; o registro do sinal em escrita de sinais, através do sistema signwriting; o nome do topônimo em língua portuguesa; a região administrativa a qual a cidade pertence, no estado do Tocantins; a descrição do sinal em seus aspectos articulatórios; a morfologia do sinal (simples ou composto); a categoria do topônimo (nativo/puro, inicializado ou soletrado); a motivação do sinal (icônica ou motivação da língua portuguesa e seus desdobramentos); o nome da pesquisadora responsável pelo levantamento dos topônimos; o grupo de validação do topônimo; o tipo de fonte; e a data da coleta. As categorias de análise forram em relação à forma (nativos/puros, inicializados/híbridos e soletrados) e em relação à motivação desses sinais (icônica e motivação em português).
Food Safety Considerations and Research Priorities for the Cultured Meat and Seafood Industry
Authors: Ong Kimberly J. , Johnston Jeremiah , Datar Isha , Sewalt Vincent , Holmes Dwayne , Shatkin Jo Anne
Published: February 2021

Cell-cultured meat and seafood offer a sustainable approach to meet the
world’s increasing demand for protein in a climate-changed world. A
responsible, data-driven approach to assessing and demonstrating safety
of cell-cultured meat and seafood can support consumer acceptance and
broad distribution; helping to fully realize the potential of these
products. A thorough demonstration of food safety requires a description
and understanding of the process steps during cell-cultured meat and
seafood manufacture to identify potential hazards, their exposure, and
related safety requirements related to the inputs, by-products, and
ultimately the consumption of the final product.

For this review, the authors worked with 50 cultured meat and seafood
companies to co-develop a modular manufacturing process diagram,
portraying the majority of cell-cultured meat and seafood production
processes currently in development. This diagram serves as a framework
to identify potential manufacturing hazards and product safety testing
requirements. A series of workshops were held with industry
representatives and cell-cultured meat researchers to substantiate the
accuracy and validity of the diagram. This review identifies potential
hazards and where they may occur during product development and
manufacture, then evaluates where existing safety assessment approaches,
drawn from related fields, may be relevant for cell-cultured meat and
seafood products. From this, current knowledge gaps and research
priorities were identified regarding the safety of cell-cultured meat
and seafood products.
LAMP assay coupled with CRISPR/Cas12a system for portable detection of African swine fever virus
Authors: YANG Bo , shi zhengwang , Ma Yuan , Wang Lijuan , Cao Liyan , Luo Juncong , Wang Ying , Song Rui , yan Yiyong , yuan kehu , Tian Hong , Zheng Haixue
Published: February 2021

African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most severe infectious diseases
of pigs. In this study, a LAMP assay coupled with the CRISPR Cas12a
system was established in one tube for the detection of the ASFV p72
gene. The single-strand DNA-fluorophore-quencher (ssDNA-FQ) reporters
and CRISPR-derived RNA (crRNAs) were screened and selected for the
CRISPR detection system. In combination with LAMP amplification assay,
the detection limit for the LAMP-CRISPR assay can reach 7 copies/μl of
p72 gene per reaction. Furthermore, this method displays no
cross-reactivity with other porcine DNA or RNA viruses. The performance
of the LAMP-CRISPR assay was compared with real-time qPCR tests for
clinical samples, a good consistency between the LAMP-CRISPR assay and
real-time qPCR was observed. In the current study, a LAMP coupled with
the CRISPR detection method was developed. The method shed a light on
the convenient, portable, low cost, highly sensitive and specific
detection of ASFV, demonstrating a great application potential for
monitoring on-site ASFV in the field.
Evaluation of Sediment Yield and Risk Management of Sediment Disaster With the Natural Resources Conservation Service-Curve Number Method
Authors: Zhang Wen-Yan
Published: February 2021

Subtropical areas are often struck by typhoons. The sediment disasters
that accompany typhoons severely affect the environment. However,
sediment yield (SY) data usually lack integrity. This study used
long-term daily river discharge and SY data to establish a runoff–SY
rating curve (Q–Qs rating curve) and used it to estimate the SY of
typhoon events. In addition, based on the curve number, this study
analyzed the relationship between the potential maximum retention (S)
and SY; the results showed that different amounts of cumulative rainfall
correspond to different S–SY functions; thus, the potential maximum
erosion (A) of the catchment area could be estimated using this
characteristic. For a sediment management strategy, this study took
subdivisions as a unit and incorporated the potential maximum erosion
(A) and slope to establish a map indicating the spatial distribution of
sediment disaster risks. To determine the priority areas for management,
the relationship between the cumulative number of subdivisions and
landslide rate could be used to determine the areas with high potential,
which can serve as a reference for related management research.
Human-Wildlife conflict in Human dominated landscapes in the surrounding Kebeles of Alage ATVET College, Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia
Authors: Temesgen Zelalem , Mengesha Girma , Belay Teferra
Published: February 2021

The study is aimed to investigate the nature and extent, and assess
perception of local community towards wildlife. A total of 140 household
heads were selected randomly from nine survey villages using structured
and semi-structured questionnaire for interviews. Focus group
discussion, key informant interview and personal observation were held
used to achieve the study objectives. Data were analyzed using
descriptive statistics and responses compared using Chi-square test (2
tailed), one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. Besides,
Likert scale statements were used to assess the attitudes of local
people towards wildlife conservation. About 47.1% of sampled
respondents thought that they experienced livestock predation whereas
57(40.7%) of the respondents faced both crop damage and livestock
predation problems. A total of 932.43TLU livestock and 218 Dogs losses
reported by households due to predators over the last five years. Thus,
large numbers (848.6TLU livestock and 218 Dogs) of attack was happened
due to Spotted Hyena (Crocuta crocuta). The frequency of livestock
predation (F = 8.157, df = 8, P < 0.05) and type of predators
involved (χ2=79.719, df = 8, p <0.05) were significantly
differ across study villages. Nearly half, 69(49.3%) of respondents
ranked Warthog (Phacochoerus africanus) as primary crop raider. Whilst
majority of the respondents 115(82.1%) perceived Maize was frequently
and severely damaged cereal crop. Most 80 (57.1%) respondents used
different methods simultaneously to minimize damage caused by wild
animals. Nearly half, (48.6%) of respondents had negative and strong
negative attitude towards wildlife conservation. Level of education and
amount of money imposed as penalty for illegal grazing were the most
important factors affecting the local community attitudes towards
wildlife conservation. Improve livestock husbandry, use appropriate
guarding methods, education and make the community the actor of
conservation would be vital to enhance the peaceful co-existence between
human and wildlife in the study area.