bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory function of Eupatorium adenophora Spreng leaves (EASL) on human intestinal Caco-2 cells treated with tert-butyl hydroperoxide
Authors: Zheng-qiang Li , Jun Ni , Xin-yu Zhu , Chao-zhi Zhang , Rui An , Xu Yang , Rong She , Xiao-yan Yang
Published: May 2024

Chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) pose a significant public health challenge. Addressing this issue, there has been a notable breakthrough in the prevention and mitigation of NCDs through the use of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents. In this study, we aim to explore the effectiveness of Eupatorium adenophora Spreng leaves (EASL) as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, and its potential applications. To construct a cellular model of oxidative damage and inflammation, Caco-2 cells were treated with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP). The biocompatibility of EASL-AE with Caco-2 cells was assessed using the MTT assay, while compatibility was further verified by measuring LDH release and the protective effect against oxidative damage was also assessed using the MTT assay. Additionally, we measured intracellular oxidative stress indicators such as ROS and 8-OHdG, as well as inflammatory pathway signalling protein NFκB and inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β using ELISA, to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity of EASL-AE. The scavenging capacity of EASL-AE against free radicals was determined through the DPPH Assay and ABTS Assay. Furthermore, we measured the total phenolic, total flavonoid, and total polysaccharide contents using common chemical methods. The chemical composition of EASL-AE was analyzed using the LC–MS/MS technique. Our findings demonstrate that EASL-AE is biocompatible with Caco-2 cells and non-toxic at experimental levels. Moreover, EASL-AE exhibits a significant protective effect on Caco-2 cells subjected to oxidative damage. The antioxidant effect of EASL-AE involves the scavenging of intracellular ROS, while its anti-inflammatory effect is achieved by down-regulation of the NFκB pathway. Which in turn reduces the release of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β. Through LC–MS/MS analysis, we identified 222 compounds in EASL-AE, among which gentianic acid, procaine and L-tyrosine were the compounds with high antioxidant capacity and may be the effective constituent for EASL-AE with antioxidant activity. These results suggest that EASL-AE is a natural and high-quality antioxidant and anti-inflammatory biomaterial that warrants further investigation. It holds great potential for applications in healthcare and other related fields.
Prediction and causal inference of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases based on lifestyle questionnaires
Authors: Nambo Riku , Karashima Shigehiro , Mizoguchi Ren , Konishi Seigo , Hashimoto Atsushi , Aono Daisuke , Kometani Mitsuhiro , Furukawa Kenji , Yoneda Takashi , Imamura Kousuke , Nambo Hidetaka
Published: May 2024

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCVD) are prominent mortality causes in Japan, necessitating effective preventative measures, early diagnosis, and treatment to mitigate their impact. A diagnostic model was developed to identify patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, or both, using specific health examination data. Lifestyle habits affecting CCVD development were analyzed using five causal inference methods. This study included 473,734 patients aged ≥ 40 years who underwent specific health examinations in Kanazawa, Japan between 2009 and 2018 to collect data on basic physical information, lifestyle habits, and laboratory parameters such as diabetes, lipid metabolism, renal function, and liver function. Four machine learning algorithms were used: Random Forest, Logistic regression, Light Gradient Boosting Machine, and eXtreme-Gradient-Boosting (XGBoost). The XGBoost model exhibited superior area under the curve (AUC), with mean values of 0.770 (± 0.003), 0.758 (± 0.003), and 0.845 (± 0.005) for stroke, IHD, and CCVD, respectively. The results of the five causal inference analyses were summarized, and lifestyle behavior changes were observed after the onset of CCVD. A causal relationship from ‘reduced mastication’ to ‘weight gain’ was found for all causal species theory methods. This prediction algorithm can screen for asymptomatic myocardial ischemia and stroke. By selecting high-risk patients suspected of having CCVD, resources can be used more efficiently for secondary testing.
Objective numeracy exacerbates framing effects from decision-making under political risk
Authors: Fitz Erin B. , Stecuła Dominik A. , Hitt Matthew P. , Saunders Kyle L.
Published: May 2024

While Prospect Theory helps to explain decision-making under risk, studies often base frames on hypothetical events and fail to acknowledge that many individuals lack the ability and motivation to engage in complex thinking. We use an original survey of US adults (N = 2813) to test Prospect Theory in the context of the May 2023 debt ceiling negotiations in the US Congress and assess whether objective numeracy moderates framing effects. We hypothesize and find evidence to suggest that most respondents are risk-averse to potential gains and risk-accepting to potential losses; however, high numerates are more risk-averse and risk-accepting to gains and losses, respectively, than low numerates. We also find that need for cognition interacts with numeracy to moderate framing effects for prospective losses, such that higher need for cognition attenuates risk-acceptance among low numerates and exacerbates risk-acceptance among high numerates. Our results are robust to a range of other covariates and in models accounting for the interaction between political knowledge and need for cognition, indicating joint moderating effects from two knowledge domains similarly conditioned by the desire to engage in effortful thinking. Our findings demonstrate that those who can understand and use objective information may remain subjectively persuaded by certain policy frames.
Precise and automated lung cancer cell classification using deep neural network with multiscale features and model distillation
Authors: Tian Lan , Wu Jiabao , Song Wanting , Hong Qinghuai , Liu Di , Ye Fei , Gao Feng , Hu Yue , Wu Meijuan , Lan Yi , Chen Limin
Published: May 2024

Lung diseases globally impose a significant pathological burden and mortality rate, particularly the differential diagnosis between adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and small cell lung carcinoma, which is paramount in determining optimal treatment strategies and improving clinical prognoses. Faced with the challenge of improving diagnostic precision and stability, this study has developed an innovative deep learning-based model. This model employs a Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) and Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE) modules combined with a Residual Network (ResNet18), to enhance the processing capabilities for complex images and conduct multi-scale analysis of each channel's importance in classifying lung cancer. Moreover, the performance of the model is further enhanced by employing knowledge distillation from larger teacher models to more compact student models. Subjected to rigorous five-fold cross-validation, our model outperforms existing models on all performance metrics, exhibiting exceptional diagnostic accuracy. Ablation studies on various model components have verified that each addition effectively improves model performance, achieving an average accuracy of 98.84% and a Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) of 98.83%. Collectively, the results indicate that our model significantly improves the accuracy of disease diagnosis, providing physicians with more precise clinical decision-making support.
Analysis on efficacy of magnetic resonance lymphangiography using INV-001 in healthy beagle dogs
Authors: Jang Ji Sung , Kim Nari , Kim Mi-Hyun , Lee Do-Wan , Kim Ji-wook , Shin Tae-Hyun , Park Hyo Jung , Kim Kyung Won
Published: May 2024

We aimed to conduct a proof-of-concept study of INV-001 in visualizing lymphatic vessels and nodes without venous contamination and to determine the optimal dose condition of INV-001 for magnetic resonance lymphangiography (MRL) in healthy beagles. MRL was performed using a 3.0-Tesla (T) whole body clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. A dose-finding study of INV-001 for MRL in beagles (N = 6) was carried out according to an adaptive optimal dose finding design. For the reproducibility study (N = 6), MRL was conducted at selected INV-001 doses (0.056 and 0.112 mg Fe/kg) with a 15 mM concentration. Additionally, an excretion study (N = 3) of INV-001 was conducted by analyzing T1, T2, and T2* maps of the liver and kidney 48 h post-administration. INV-001 administration at doses of 0.056 and 0.112 mg Fe/kg (concentration: 15 mM) consistently demonstrated the visualization of contrast-enhanced lymphatic vessels and nodes without venous contamination in the beagles. The contrast enhancement effect was highest at 30 min after INV-001 administration, then gradually decreasing. No toxicity-related issues were identified during the study. After 48 h, the T1, T2, and T2* values in the liver and both kidneys were found to be comparable to the pre-administration values, indicating thorough INV-001 excretion. The optimal dosing conditions of INV-001 for MRL for contrast-enhanced visualization of lymphatic vessels and nodes exclusively with no venous contamination in beagles was determined to be 0.056 mg Fe/kg with a 15 mM concentration.
Polyandry and sperm competition in two traumatically inseminating species of Strepsiptera (Insecta)
Authors: Jandausch Kenny , Wanjura Nico , Escalona Hermes , Sann Manuela , Beutel Rolf G. , Pohl Hans , Niehuis Oliver
Published: May 2024

Polyandry, the practice of females mating with multiple males, is a strategy found in many insect groups. Whether it increases the likelihood of receiving beneficial genes from male partners and other potential benefits for females is controversial. Strepsiptera are generally considered monandrous, but in a few species females have been observed copulating serially with multiple males. Here we show that the offspring of a single female can have multiple fathers in two Strepsiptera species: Stylops ovinae (Stylopidae) and Xenos vesparum (Xenidae). We studied female polyandry in natural populations of these two species by analysis of polymorphic microsatellite loci. Our results showed that several fathers can be involved in both species, in some cases up to four. Mating experiments with S. ovinae have shown that the first male to mates with a given female contributes to a higher percentage of the offspring than subsequent males. In X. vesparum, however, we found no significant correlation between mating duration and offspring contribution. The prolonged copulation observed in S. ovinae may have the advantage of reducing competition with sperm from other males. Our results show that monandry may not be the general pattern of reproduction in the insect order Strepsiptera.
Longitudinal change of serum AIM2 levels after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and its prognostic significance: a two-center prospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Ziyin , Zou Shengdong , Shan Hao , Liu Jin , Tian Da , Wu Xiaoyu , Du Quan , Dong Xiaoqiao , Yang Dingbo
Published: May 2024

Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is implicated in neuroinflammation. Here, we explored the prognostic significance of serum AIM2 in human aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). We conducted a consecutive enrollment of 127 patients, 56 of whom agreed with blood-drawings not only at admission but also at days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days after aSAH. Serum AIM2 levels of patients and 56 healthy controls were measured. Disease severity was assessed using the modified Fisher scale (mFisher) and World Federation of Neurological Surgeons Scale (WFNS). Neurological outcome at poststroke 90 days was evaluated via the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were sequentially done to ascertain relationship between serum AIM2 levels, severity, delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and 90-day poor prognosis (mRS scores of 3–6). Patients, in comparison to controls, had a significant elevation of serum AIM2 levels at admission and at days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days after aSAH, with the highest levels at days 1, 2, 3 and 5. AIM2 levels were independently correlated with WFNS scores and mFisher scores. Significantly higher serum AIM2 levels were detected in patients with a poor prognosis than in those with a good prognosis, as well as in patients with DCI than in those without DCI. Moreover, serum AIM2 levels independently predicted a poor prognosis and DCI, and were linearly correlated with their risks. Using subgroup analysis, there were no significant interactions between serum AIM2 levels and age, gender, hypertension and so on. There were substantially high predictive abilities of serum AIM2 for poor prognosis and DCI under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The combination models of DCI and poor prognosis, in which serum AIM2, WFNS scores and mFisher scores were incorporated, showed higher discriminatory efficiencies than anyone of the preceding three variables. Moreover, the models are delineated using the nomogram, and performed well under the calibration curve and decision curve. Serum AIM2 levels, with a substantial enhancement during early phase after aSAH, are closely related to bleeding severity, poor 90-day prognosis and DCI of patients, substantializing serum AIM2 as a potential prognostic biomarker of aSAH.
A pareto strategy based on multi-objective optimal integration of distributed generation and compensation devices regarding weather and load fluctuations
Authors: Fettah Khaled , Guia Talal , Salhi Ahmed , Betka Abir , Saidi Abdelaziz Salah , Teguar Madjid , Ali Enas , Bajaj Mohit , Mohammadi Shir Ahmad Dost , Ghoneim Sherif S. M.
Published: May 2024

In this study, we present a comprehensive optimization framework employing the Multi-Objective Multi-Verse Optimization (MOMVO) algorithm for the optimal integration of Distributed Generations (DGs) and Capacitor Banks (CBs) into electrical distribution networks. Designed with the dual objectives of minimizing energy losses and voltage deviations, this framework significantly enhances the operational efficiency and reliability of the network. Rigorous simulations on the standard IEEE 33-bus and IEEE 69-bus test systems underscore the effectiveness of the MOMVO algorithm, demonstrating up to a 47% reduction in energy losses and up to a 55% improvement in voltage stability. Comparative analysis highlights MOMVO's superiority in terms of convergence speed and solution quality over leading algorithms such as the Multi-Objective Jellyfish Search (MOJS), Multi-Objective Flower Pollination Algorithm (MOFPA), and Multi-Objective Lichtenberg Algorithm (MOLA). The efficacy of the study is particularly evident in the identification of the best compromise solutions using MOMVO. For the IEEE 33 network, the application of MOMVO led to a significant 47.58% reduction in daily energy loss and enhanced voltage profile stability from 0.89 to 0.94 pu. Additionally, it realized a 36.97% decrease in the annual cost of energy losses, highlighting substantial economic benefits. For the larger IEEE 69 network, MOMVO achieved a remarkable 50.15% reduction in energy loss and improved voltage profiles from 0.89 to 0.93 pu, accompanied by a 47.59% reduction in the annual cost of energy losses. These results not only confirm the robustness of the MOMVO algorithm in optimizing technical and economic efficiencies but also underline the potential of advanced optimization techniques in facilitating the sustainable integration of renewable energy resources into existing power infrastructures. This research significantly contributes to the field of electrical distribution network optimization, paving the way for future advancements in renewable energy integration and optimization techniques for enhanced system efficiency, reliability, and sustainability.
Non-invasive prediction of maca powder adulteration using a pocket-sized spectrophotometer and machine learning techniques
Authors: Zaukuu John-Lewis Zinia , Adams Zeenatu Suglo , Donkor-Boateng Nana Ama , Mensah Eric Tetteh , Bimpong Donald , Amponsah Lois Adofowaa
Published: May 2024

Discriminating different cultivars of maca powder (MP) and detecting their authenticity after adulteration with potent adulterants such as maize and soy flour is a challenge that has not been studied with non-invasive techniques such as near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). This study developed models to rapidly classify and predict 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% w/w of soybean and maize flour in red, black and yellow maca cultivars using a handheld spectrophotometer and chemometrics. Soy and maize adulteration of yellow MP was classified with better accuracy than in red MP, suggesting that red MP may be a more susceptible target for adulteration. Soy flour was discovered to be a more potent adulterant compared to maize flour. Using 18 different pretreatments, MP could be authenticated with R2CV in the range 0.91–0.95, RMSECV 6.81–9.16 g/,100 g and RPD 3.45–4.60. The results show the potential of NIRS for monitoring Maca quality.
A polylactic acid–carbon nanofiber-based electro-conductive sensing material and paper-based colorimetric sensor for detection of nitrates
Authors: Rai Pawankumar , Mehrotra Srishti , Gautam Krishna , Verma Rahul , Anbumani Sadasivam , Patnaik Satyakam , Priya Smriti , Sharma Sandeep K.
Published: May 2024

An electro-conductive sensing material utilizing polylactic acid–carbon nanofibers and a paper-based colorimetric sensor was developed for nitrate detection.
Effects of a low FODMAP diet on the symptom management of patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic umbrella review with the meta-analysis of clinical trials
Authors: Khalighi Sikaroudi Masoumeh , Soltani Sepideh , Ghoreishy Seyed Mojtaba , Ebrahimi Zohreh , Shidfar Farzad , Dehnad Afsaneh
Published: May 2024

Effect of low FODMAPs diet on symptoms of patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
Carbon aerogel capsulated cobalt oxides with nanomicro-hierarchical architectures as anodes for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Liao Lixia , Ma Ting , Fang Tao , Zhang Jiyuan , Chai Bo , Zhu Lian , Ding Jiaqi , Kou Huizhi , Xu Yuling , Hou Yuanjing , Wei Benmei
Published: May 2024

N-doped carbon aerogel capsulated Co3O4 (Co3O4@NCA) is prepared via a hydrothermal method using an N-doped carbon aerogel (NCA) as a conductive carbon matrix and coating layer.
Thieno[3,2-b]phosphole-based AIEgens: facile preparation and dual modulation of solid-state luminescence
Authors: König Nils , Mahnke Justin , Godínez-Loyola Yokari , Weiske Hendrik , Appel Julian , Lönnecke Peter , Strassert Cristian A. , Hey-Hawkins Evamarie
Published: May 2024

This study highlights the adaptability of thieno[3,2-b]phosphole-based fluorophores for tailored solid-state luminescence. Strategic manipulation of molecular electronic structure and intermolecular interactions resulted in a variety of innovative materials.
A quadratic isothermal amplification fluorescent biosensor without intermediate purification for ultrasensitive detection of circulating tumor DNA
Authors: Wu Zhaojie , Zheng Hongshan , Bian Yongjun , Weng Jian , Zeng Ru , Sun Liping
Published: May 2024

A quadratic amplification fluorescence biosensor constructed by combining nicking enzyme mediated amplification (NEMA) and catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) reactions. After quadratic amplification, this biosensor achieved nearly 107-fold, enabling it to detect ctDNA with ultra-sensitivity.
Self-evolving persistent luminescence nanoprobes for autofluorescence-free ratiometric imaging and on-demand enhanced chemodynamic therapy of pulmonary metastatic tumors
Authors: Zhao Xu , Gu Tian-Yue , Xia You-Peng , Gao Xue-Mei , Chen Li-Jian , Yan Li-Xia , Yan Xiu-Ping
Published: May 2024

A self-evolving persistent luminescence nanoprobe ZGMC@ZGC-TAT was constructed for autofluorescence-free ratiometric imaging and on-demand enhanced chemodynamic therapy for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary metastatic tumors.
Inherent directing group-enabled Co(iii)-catalyzed C–H allylation/vinylation of isoquinolones
Authors: Sachin  , Sharma Tamanna , Chandra Devesh , Sumit  , Sharma Upendra
Published: May 2024

Isoquinolones undergo efficient Co(iii)-catalyzed C8-allylation and vinylation, utilizing the oxo group of isoquinolones as an inherent directing group. The resulting allylated and vinylated isoquinolones are further transformed into important building blocks.
Stereoselective synthesis of an advanced trans-decalin intermediate towards the total synthesis of anthracimycin
Authors: Jeanmard Laksamee , Lodovici Giacomo , George Ian , Bray Joshua T. W. , Whitwood Adrian C. , Thomas Gavin H. , Fairlamb Ian J. S. , Unsworth William P. , Clarke Paul A.
Published: May 2024

A stereoselective synthesis of an advanced trans-decalin intermediate towards the total synthesis of anthracimycin is described.
Synthesis and luminescence properties of Yb3+/Er3+-doped Bi2(MoO4)3−z(WO4)z phosphors for optical thermometry
Authors: Du Huimin , Li Yanyang , Ouyang Mengran , Liu Meifang , Hu Shanshan , Yang Jun
Published: May 2024

A novel Bi2(MoO4)3−z(WO4)z:Yb3+/Er3+ upconversion luminescent material was synthesized via a hydrothermal method combined with subsequent calcination, which has potential applications in the fields of green displays and temperature sensing.
Code generation in ORCA: progress, efficiency and tight integration
Authors: Lechner Marvin H. , Papadopoulos Anastasios , Sivalingam Kantharuban , Auer Alexander A. , Koslowski Axel , Becker Ute , Wennmohs Frank , Neese Frank
Published: May 2024

An improved version of ORCA's automated generator environment is presented, which is capable of producing well-performing code for highly complex methods, such as multireference coupled-cluster and analytic nuclear gradients for correlation methods.
Resilience of Hund's rule in the chemical space of small organic molecules
Authors: Majumdar Atreyee , Ramakrishnan Raghunathan
Published: May 2024

High-throughput ab initio calculations and data-mining reveal Hund's rule to prevail across the chemical space of small organic molecules with systematically varying compositions and structures.
Bimetallic Fe/Co photothermal catalyst for fixing CO2 to cyclic carbonates under atmospheric pressure
Authors: Tu Xuewei , Sun Can , Hu Yang , Chen Yutong , Zhu Shouxin , Qu Jingyi , Zhu Zhexiao , Zhang Xiang , Zheng Hui
Published: May 2024

A novel Fe/Co bimetallic photothermal catalyst was used to efficiently fix CO2 to synthesize cyclic carbonates at atmospheric pressure.
NIR-accelerated cascade reaction for degradation of organophosphorus compounds by Au/PTE/ZIF-8: cooperative effect and mechanism
Authors: Wang Fang , Ouyang Yi , Zhou Pengfei , Zhang Yan , Gao Renjun , Eser Bekir Engin , Guo Zheng
Published: May 2024

An enzyme–gold nanoreactor for chemoenzymatic cascade degradation of methyl-paraoxon.
iSIM: instant similarity
Authors: López-Pérez Kenneth , Kim Taewon D. , Miranda-Quintana Ramón Alain
Published: May 2024

Instant similarity indices provide unprecedented efficiency to calculate the chemical diversity of large libraries.
Phase segregation of a composite air electrode unlocks the high performance of reversible protonic ceramic electrochemical cells
Authors: He Fan , Hou Mingyang , Liu Dongliang , Ding Yong , Sasaki Kotaro , Choi YongMan , Guo Shihang , Han Donglin , Liu Ying , Liu Meilin , Chen Yu
Published: May 2024

We develop a rational-designed composite perovskite-based air electrode through strategies of high-entropy engineering and self-assembly, demonstrating an exceptional oxygen reduction/evolution reaction activity and durability for reversible protonic ceramic electrochemical cells.
Evaluation of Verbascum flower extracts as a natural source of pigments with potential health benefits
Authors: Morote Lucía , Martínez Fajardo Cristian , Parreño Eduardo , López Jiménez Alberto José , Santiago Alejandro , Ahrazem Oussama , Rubio-Moraga Ángela , Gómez-Gómez Lourdes
Published: May 2024

Rich crocins extracts of Verbascum have antioxidant activity and provide pigmentation to different food matrices.
Emerging berries from the Brazilian Amazon and Atlantic Forest biomes: new sources of bioactive compounds with potential health benefits
Authors: Noguera Nathan Hargreaves , Noguera Dyana Carla Lima Hargreaves , Machado Ana Paula da Fonseca , Reguengo Livia Mateus , Nascimento Roberto de Paula do
Published: May 2024

Brazil has a broad geographic biodiversity spread across its six different biomes.
Administering Lactiplantibacillus fermentum F6 decreases intestinal Akkermansia muciniphila in a dextran sulfate sodium-induced rat colitis model
Authors: He Qiuwen , Zhang Tao , Zhang Weiqin , Feng Cuijiao , Kwok Lai-Yu , Zhang Heping , Sun Zhihong
Published: May 2024

Probiotics are increasingly used to manage gut dysbiosis-related conditions due to their robust ability to manipulate the gut microbial community.
Short-time ozone treatment promotes protease-mediated destruction of B cell allergen epitopes by altering the structural characteristics of whey protein
Authors: Xiong Ziyi , Tan Hongkai , Qiu Yu , Wu Yong , Meng Xuanyi , Chen Hongbing , Wei Linsheng , Li Xin
Published: May 2024

This study investigates a novel processing method that combines short-time ozone pretreatment with hydrolysis to effectively reduce the allergenicity of whey proteins. This new method may contribute to the development of safer whey protein products.
Green biomass: the impact of high-adhesion and well-dispersed binders on the sodium storage performance and interfacial interaction of hard carbon anodes
Authors: Jiao Jiaqi , Yi Conghua , Qiu Xueqing , Yang Dongjie , Fu Fangbao , Liu Weifeng
Published: May 2024

Preparation of a high adhesion and dispersibility sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/sodium lignosulfonate(CMC/LS) water-soluble binder elucidated the impact of functional groups on the electrode interface.
Flexible transparent and hydrophobic SiNCs/PDMS coatings for anti-counterfeiting applications
Authors: Zhang Jinfeng , Huang Yuanfen , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Guo Xin , Chen Kailong , Feng Xiang , Kong Jiajia , Liu Yanqing , Shang Bin , Xu Weilin , Chen Dongzhi
Published: May 2024

A fluorescence aging-resistant SiNCs/PDMS antifake coating is exploited by dispersing De-SiNCs into PDMS matrix. Interestingly, encapsulation of De-SiNCs is beneficial to improving mechanical property and thermal stability of the SiNCs/PDMS coating.
Non-noble metal coordinated hypercrosslinked polymers based on porphyrin for efficient electrocatalytic OER
Authors: Hu Xinming , Cui Penglei , Zhang Hong , He Zitong
Published: May 2024

Electrochemical catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with abundant reserves, high catalytic activity, and robust stability are highly crucial for efficient electrocatalytic water splitting.
Bi-directional charge transfer channels in highly crystalline carbon nitride enabling superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Liu Runlu , Liu Siyuan , Lin Jingyi , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Li Yao , Pan Hui , Kong Lingti , Zhu Shenmin , Wang John
Published: May 2024

Crystalline carbon nitride with bi-directional charge transfer channel (TCCN-K) is prepared. Donor–acceptor units and K intercalation set up a bi-directional charge transfer channel, endowing TCCN-K with a superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity.
[Au9Ag6(CCR)10(DPPM)2Cl2](PPh4): a four-electron cluster with a bi-decahedral twisted metal core
Authors: Deng Guocheng , Ki Taeyoung , Yoo Seungwoo , Liu Xiaolin , Lee Kangjae , Bootharaju Megalamane S. , Hyeon Taeghwan
Published: May 2024

We report a Au9Ag6 cluster characterized by a distinctive bi-decahedral core, formed through two decahedra sharing one vertex. This marks the first occurrence of a cluster of clusters constructed from decahedral units.
Stability and reactivity of alkylidene dihydropyridines
Authors: Puzhistky Matthew , Pradhan Ekadashi , Nikolaev Andrei , Zeng Tao , Fishlock Dan , Orellana Arturo
Published: May 2024

We study the effect of pyridine and chloroformate structure on the stability and reactivity of alkylidene dihydropyridines using NMR trends, measured and calculated oxidation potentials, and decomposition studies.
Structural insights into novel therapeutic deep eutectic systems with capric acid using 1D, 2D NMR and DSC techniques with superior gut permeability
Authors: Alkhawaja Bayan , Al-Akayleh Faisal , Nasereddin Jehad , Kamran Muhammad , Woodman Tim , Al-Rubaye Zaid , Qinna Nidal , Al-Remawi Mayyas , Olaimat Ali R.
Published: May 2024

Therapeutic deep eutectic solvents (THEDSs) are the best exemplification of green alternative formulations of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) that offer superlative properties of APIs.
Pregnenolone derivatives for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: synthesis, and in vitro inhibition of amyloid β1–42 peptide aggregation, acetylcholinesterase and carbonic anhydrase-II
Authors: Tahir Ayesha , Mobeen Bushra , Hussain Fahad , Sadiq Abdul , Rashid Umer
Published: May 2024

Pregnenolone-based derivatives have been synthesized to inhibit the protofibril formation in order to reduce Aβ1–42 production and prevent its aggregation.
Manganese-based nanomaterials in diagnostics and chemodynamic therapy of cancers: new development
Authors: Wu Meiyan , Liao Yuan , Guo Di , Zhai Mingyue , Xia Desong , Zhang Zhikun , Liu Xiyu , Huang Yong
Published: May 2024

Manganese-based nanomaterials have seen rapid development in chemodynamic therapy and T1-enhanced MRI over the past five years, holding promising prospects in various combined applications.
Three-component synthesis of pyran-fused biscoumarins: an entry to pyridinone- and pyranone-fused coumarins
Authors: Lee Jui-Ting , Jatangi Nagesh , Vyasamudri Sameer , Yang Ding-Yah
Published: May 2024

A base-mediated, three-component synthesis of symmetric and unsymmetric pyran-fused biscoumarins via the coupling of 4-hydroxycoumarin with 4-chloro-3-formylcoumarin in ethanol is reported.
An in situ phase transformation induced mesoporous heterointerface for the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Lin Zhiping , Wang Zongpeng , Jin Tianchen , Jiang Ting , Ding Longfei , Shen Shijie , Zhang Jitang , Zhong Wenwu
Published: May 2024

In situ phase transformation is achieved from single-phase Co3O4 to CoO/CoP hybrid phases, which acts as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction.
Curcumin–polydopamine nanoparticles alleviate ferroptosis by iron chelation and inhibition of oxidative stress damage
Authors: Lei Li , Yuan Jiali , Yang Qingqing , Tu Qiuxia , Yu Haijun , Chu Liangzhao , Tang Lei , Zhang Chunlin
Published: May 2024

A Cur–PDA NP based nanoregulator was developed for targeting ferroptosis to mitigate neuron degeneration by regulating iron and ROS homeostasis, suppressing lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, and improving mitochondrial function.
Expression of concern: Palladium supported on mixed-metal–organic framework (Co–Mn-MOF-74) for efficient catalytic oxidation of CO
Authors: Salama Reda S. , Mannaa Mohammed A. , Altass Hatem M. , Ibrahim Amr Awad , Khder Abd El-Rahman S.
Published: May 2024

Expression of Concern for ‘Palladium supported on mixed-metal–organic framework (Co–Mn-MOF-74) for efficient catalytic oxidation of CO’ by Reda S. Salama et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 4318–4326, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0RA09970H.
Discovery of a lagriamide polyketide by integrated genome mining, isotopic labeling, and untargeted metabolomics
Authors: Fergusson Claire H. , Saulog Julia , Paulo Bruno S. , Wilson Darryl M. , Liu Dennis Y. , Morehouse Nicholas J. , Waterworth Samantha , Barkei John , Gray Christopher A. , Kwan Jason C. , Eustaquio Alessandra S. , Linington Roger G.
Published: May 2024

Whole genome sequencing of a Burkholderiales strain library led to the discovery of the antifungal polyketide lagriamide B. Combining data from the genome sequence, NMR experiments and computational predictions defined the full absolute configuration.
Mechanistic investigations of the Fe(ii) mediated synthesis of squaraines
Authors: Liu Yu , Coles Nathan T. , Cajiao Nathalia , Taylor Laurence J. , Davies E. Stephen , Barbour Alistair , Morgan Patrick J. , Butler Kevin , Pointer-Gleadhill Ben , Argent Stephen P. , McMaster Jonathan , Neidig Michael L. , Robinson David , Kays Deborah L.
Published: May 2024

In situ monitoring and reaction sampling (IR, NMR, EPR, Mössbauer spectroscopy) and structural characterisation of isolable species allows detailed mechanistic insight into the scission/homologation of CO by two-coordinate iron terphenyl complexes.
Quinoxaline-based Y-type acceptors for organic solar cells
Authors: Xie Meiling , Wei Zhixiang , Lu Kun
Published: May 2024

This perspective summarizes the advances in quinoxaline-based acceptors for organic solar cells and suggests several potential directions for further research.
Polymerisation of twist-bend nematic textures for electro-optical applications
Authors: Mahyaoui Camille N. , Davidson Patrick , Meyer Claire , Dozov Ivan
Published: May 2024

NTB liquid-crystalline textures are kept by polymerisation in the nematic phase of a nanocomposite material addressable by an electric field.
Study of the collagen tissue nanostructure by analyzing the echo decay obtained using the MRI technique
Authors: Aptekarev Theodore , Furman Gregory , Badar Farid , Sokolovsky Vladimir , Xia Yang
Published: May 2024

The multicomponent relaxation observed in nuclear magnetic resonance experiments in biological tissues makes it difficult to establish a correlation between specific relaxation times and tissue structural parameters.
Boosting oxygen activation by CoP/carbon nitride photocatalyst in low-concentration H2S oxidation
Authors: Wang Jiali , Chen Biqi , Zeng Fanghua , Lu Xue Feng , Hou Yidong , Lin Wei , Yang Can
Published: May 2024

The introduction of CoP could efficiently facilitate the electron transfer from CN towards O2 and enrich the production of ·O2−, which was indispensable in photocatalytic H2S oxidation.
Strategies for the effective design and regulation of carbon-based metacomposites: a review
Authors: Li Guangshen , Guo Zihao , Sun Zhihao , Wang Peng , Bi Jingyu , Wang Jianshu , Sha Ying , Qian Lei
Published: May 2024

Effective design and regulation strategies of carbon-based metacomposites classified based on their composition, structure, interface and defect engineering, and external field for adjustable performance.
Transition of photoresponsivity in graphene–insulator–silicon photodetectors
Authors: Park Hong-Ki , Choi Jaewu
Published: May 2024

Photoresponsivity switching of majority-carrier type graphene–insulator–silicon (MC-GIS) photodetectors.
Polysaccharide sulfotransferases: the identification of putative sequences and respective functional characterisation
Authors: Mistry Ravina , Byrne Dominic P. , Starns David , Barsukov Igor L. , Yates Edwin A. , Fernig David G.
Published: May 2024

The vast structural diversity of sulfated polysaccharides demands an equally diverse array of enzymes known as polysaccharide sulfotransferases (PSTs). PSTs are present across all kingdoms of life, including algae, fungi and archaea, and their sulfation pathways are relatively unexplored. Sulfated polysaccharides possess anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant and anti-cancer properties and have great therapeutic potential. Current identification of PSTs using Pfam has been predominantly focused on the identification of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) sulfotransferases because of their pivotal roles in cell communication, extracellular matrix formation and coagulation. As a result, our knowledge of non-GAG PSTs structure and function remains limited. The major sulfotransferase families, Sulfotransfer_1 and Sulfotransfer_2, display broad homology and should enable the capture of a wide assortment of sulfotransferases but are limited in non-GAG PST sequence annotation. In addition, sequence annotation is further restricted by the paucity of biochemical analyses of PSTs. There are now high-throughput and robust assays for sulfotransferases such as colorimetric PAPS (3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate) coupled assays, Europium-based fluorescent probes for ratiometric PAP (3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphate) detection, and NMR methods for activity and product analysis. These techniques provide real-time and direct measurements to enhance the functional annotation and subsequent analysis of sulfated polysaccharides across the tree of life to improve putative PST identification and characterisation of function. Improved annotation and biochemical analysis of PST sequences will enhance the utility of PSTs across biomedical and biotechnological sectors.
Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scores Do Not Associate With Communication Challenges Reported by Adults With Alzheimer's Disease or Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Stagge Faith , Lanzi Alyssa M. , Saylor Anna K. , Cohen Matthew L.
Published: May 2024

Purposes:

Screening for cognitive-communication challenges in people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or Parkinson's disease (PD) may benefit from multiple kinds of information about the client (e.g., patient-reported, performance-based). The purposes of this report are (a) to describe, using recently published score range descriptors (e.g., “mild,” “moderate”), the patient-reported communication challenges of people with AD or PD using the Communicative Participation Item Bank (CPIB) and the Aphasia Communication Outcome Measure (ACOM); and (b) to examine the relationships between the performance-based Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), a cognitive screener, and patient-reported CPIB and ACOM scores.

Method:

Participants were a convenience sample of 49 community-dwelling adults with AD or PD. Participants completed the measures in person as part of a larger assessment battery.

Results:

MoCA total scores ranged from 7 to 28. CPIB T-scores fell in the following ranges: 31% were “within normal limits,” 57% reflected “mildly” restricted participation, and 12% reflected “moderately” restricted participation. ACOM T-scores fell in the following ranges: 50% were either “within normal limits” or reflected “mild” impairment, 29% reflected “mild–moderately” impaired functional communication, and 21% reflected “moderately” impaired functional communication. There were only weak and nonsignificant correlations between T-scores on the ACOM or CPIB and scores on the MoCA, and there were no group differences on the ACOM or CPIB between individuals who screened positive versus negative on the MoCA.

Conclusion:

When screening individuals with AD or PD, patient-reported communication challenges seem to be complementary to information provided by the MoCA and perhaps most useful in screening for mild communication challenges.
Effects of Cervical Bracing on Elderly Patients With Dysphagia
Authors: Hernandez Jodi , Leverson Glen , Thibeault Susan L.
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

This study aimed to determine if cervical bracing with a PMT collar increases risk of airway invasion and pharyngeal residue in elderly patients with dysphagia. Additionally, it aimed to identify patient preference for cervical bracing during deglutition.

Method:

Twenty-one patients underwent a videofluoroscopic swallow study. Thin liquid, nectar thick liquid, pudding, and cracker were administered with cervical collar on and off with order of condition randomized. The Penetration–Aspiration Scale (PAS) was used to grade swallows, with McNemar's test of symmetry used to determine whether the categorical PAS score was similar between conditions. Pharyngeal residue was measured following swallows. Patients were asked which condition they preferred, and which was more comfortable with “no difference” being a selection.

Results:

No significant difference in PAS categorization score was measured for any consistency (
p
= .317–.919). Significantly more pyriform sinus residue was measured in the collar off condition (
p
= .003), albeit amounts were within normative range, with no difference measured in vallecula residue between conditions (
p
= .939). Forty-five percent of participants preferred to swallow with the collar off, while 55% indicated no preference. Forty-one percent of participants indicated increased comfort with collar off, while 59% indicated no difference in comfort. No participant preferred swallowing or indicated increased comfort with the collar on.

Conclusions:

Presence of a cervical collar in elderly patients with dysphagia did not result in a significant difference in airway invasion or total pharyngeal residue. There was significantly more residue in the pyriform sinuses when cervical bracing was removed. The majority of patients did not indicate a difference in preference or comfort between collar on/off conditions.
A new covariance intersection based integrated SLAM framework for 3D outdoor agricultural applications
Authors: Kim Hann‐Gyoo , Lee Hea‐Min , Lee Seung‐Hwan
Published: May 2024

This letter introduces a novel integrated framework for simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) tailored for general agricultural applications. The framework combines a cutting‐edge SLAM method, LIO‐SAM, with covariance intersection for sensor fusion. Agricultural robots often operate in unstructured environments with sparse feature points and encounter repeated similar information, such as trees. Therefore, a fusion framework based on 3D SLAM augmented with additional information, such as feature‐independent GPS data, becomes essential. This study proposes an integrated SLAM framework by introducing a convergence strategy based on covariance analysis, incorporating a state‐of‐the‐art 3D SLAM technique. The convergence methods, namely “dynamic weight assignment” and “winner takes all”, are presented alternatively, tailored to seamlessly integrate with the proposed framework. Evaluations using a public dataset and an experiment demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach through numerical analysis and visual representation. The results illustrate that this method surpasses conventional approaches in accurately estimating the robot's position. In the future, this research will focus on automating crop cultivation and harvesting by integrating the proposed system with robot arm control.
Continuously wavelength‐tuneable general transmittance function in first‐order fibre multiwavelength filter based on composite combination of wave retarders
Authors: Jung Jaehoon , Lee Yong Wook
Published: May 2024

The wavelength tunability of a general transmittance function (GTF) is investigated in a first‐order fibre multiwavelength filter based on a polarisation‐diversified fibre loop, which utilised a composite combination of wave retarders. The filter consists of a polarisation beam splitter, two equal‐length high birefringence fibre (HBF) segments, and two different sets of wave retarders with each set positioned before each HBF segment. Specifically, a combination of a set of dual quarter‐wave retarders (QWRs) and another set of a QWR and a half‐wave retarder is focused upon. By considering the effect of the four wave retarders and two HBF segments on the output polarisation state (OPS) of each element in the filter, the four wave retarder angles (WRAs) are identified that caused all polarisation states on the OPS trace of the second HBF move in the direction of wavelength decrease, resulting in a redshift of the GTF. 360 WRA sets are derived that enabled tuning the GTF by one free spectral range SR. For eight sets chosen from the WRA sets, inducing a wavelength shift of SR/8 for each set order, wavelength‐shifted spectra are calculated. Finally, this theoretical prediction is experimentally verified, confirming the wavelength tunability of the GTF of the filter.
OCCASO
Authors: Carbajo-Hijarrubia J. , Casamiquela L. , Carrera R. , Balaguer-Núñez L. , Jordi C. , Anders F. , Gallart C. , Pancino E. , Drazdauskas A. , Stonkutė E. , Tautvaišienė G. , Carrasco J. M. , Masana E. , Cantat-Gaudin T. , Blanco-Cuaresma S.
Published: May 2024

Context. Open clusters provide valuable information on stellar nucleosynthesis and the chemical evolution of the Galactic disk, as their age and distances can be measured more precisely with photometry than in the case of field stars.

Aims. Our aim is to study the chemical distribution of the Galactic disk using open clusters by analyzing the existence of gradients with Galactocentric distance, azimuth, or height from the plane and dependency with age.

Methods. We used the high-resolution spectra (R > 60 000) of 194 stars belonging to 36 open clusters to determine the atmospheric parameters and chemical abundances with two independent methods: equivalent widths and spectral synthesis. The sample was complemented with 63 clusters with high-resolution spectroscopy from literature.

Results. We measured LTE abundances for 21 elements: α (Mg, Si, Ca, and Ti), odd-Z (Na and Al), Fe-peak (Fe, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn), and neutron-capture (Sr, Y, Zr, Ba, Ce, and Nd). We also provide non-local thermodynamic equilibrium abundances for elements when corrections are available. We find inner disk young clusters enhanced in [Mg/Fe] and [Si/Fe] compared to other clusters of their age. For [Ba/Fe], we report an age trend flattening for older clusters (age < 2.5 Ga). The studied elements follow the expected radial gradients as a function of their nucleosynthesis groups, which are significantly steeper for the oldest systems. For the first time, we investigate the existence of an azimuthal gradient, finding some hints of its existence among the old clusters (age > Ga).
Information content of JWST spectra of WASP-39b
Authors: Lueber Anna , Novais Aline , Fisher Chloe , Heng Kevin
Published: May 2024

Context. The era of James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) transmission spectroscopy of exoplanetary atmospheres commenced with the study of the Saturn-mass gas giant WASP-39b as part of the Early Release Science (ERS) program. WASP-39b was observed using several different JWST instrument modes (NIRCam,, NIRISS, NIRSpec G395H and NIRSpec PRISM) and the spectra were published in a series of papers by the ERS team.

Aims. The current study examines the information content of these spectra measured using the different instrument modes, focusing on the complexity of the temperature-pressure profiles and number of chemical species warranted by the data. We examine if the molecules H2O, CO, CO2, K, H2S, CH4, and SO2 are detected in each of the instrument modes.

Methods. Two Bayesian inference methods are used to perform atmospheric retrievals: the standard nested sampling method, as well as the supervised machine learning method of the random forest (trained on a model grid). For nested sampling, Bayesian model comparison is used as a guide to identify the set of models with the required complexity to explain the data.

Results. Generally, non-isothermal transit chords are needed to fit the transmission spectra of WASP-39b, although the complexity of the temperature-pressure profile required is mode-dependent. The minimal set of chemical species needed to fit a spectrum is mode-dependent as well, and also depends on whether grey or non-grey clouds are assumed. When a non-grey cloud model is used to fit the NIRSpec G395H spectrum, it generates a spectral continuum that compensates for the water opacity. The same compensation is absent when fitting the non-grey cloud model to the NIRSpec PRISM spectrum (which has broader wavelength coverage), suggesting that it is spurious. The interplay between the cloud spectral continuum and the water opacity determines if sulphur dioxide is needed to fit either spectrum.

Conclusions. The inferred elemental abundances of carbon and oxygen and the carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratios are all mode- and model-dependent, and should be interpreted with caution. Bayesian model comparison does not always offer a clear path forward for favouring specific retrieval models (e.g. grey versus non-grey clouds) and thus for enabling unambiguous interpretations of exoplanet spectra.