bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Building evidence‐based interventions to improve staff well‐being in paediatric critical care using the behaviour change wheel
Authors: Shaw Rachel L. , Butcher Isabelle , Webb Sarah , Duncan Heather P. , Morrison Rachael
Published: January 2025

Background

Research has demonstrated that staff working in Paediatric Critical Care (PCC) experience high levels of burnout, post‐traumatic stress and moral distress. There is very little evidence of how this problem could be addressed.

Aim

To develop evidence‐based, psychologically informed interventions designed to improve PCC staff well‐being that can be feasibility tested on a large scale.

Study Design

The Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) framework guided systematic development of the interventions. This process was informed by a review of existing well‐being initiatives and a survey of PCC staff's awareness and uptake of initiatives identified.

Results

Together with empirical evidence, the BCW process produced two bespoke ‘SWell’ (Staff Wellbeing) interventions tailored for delivery in UK PCC units. The two group‐based interventions, Mad‐Sad‐Glad and Wellbeing Images involve the Behaviour Change Techniques (BCTs) of self‐belief, social support, feedback and monitoring. These BCTs align closely with the psychological concepts of self‐efficacy, self‐regulation and the psychological theory of how to thrive.

Conclusions

Tailored, evidence‐based, psychologically informed SWell (Staff Wellbeing) interventions are likely to be feasible and have the potential of making significant differences to individual staff members and the PCC workforce as a whole. Associated investments in the psychological health of the workforce and time to prioritize well‐being interventions are required for change to occur and be maintained.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

The SWell (Staff Wellbeing) interventions could impact directly on the well‐being of PCC staff and their ability to thrive in the workplace. Indirectly, they could reduce staff attrition, sickness absence and improve patients' and families' experiences of care.
Discovery of Trogtalite (CoSe2) in the Qianjiadian Sandstone‐Type Uranium Deposit in China
Authors: Hu Xiao‐Wen , Ling Ming‐Xing , Yang Xiao‐Yong , Li Qing‐Chun , Cao Min‐Qiang
Published: January 2025

Cobalt (Co), selenium (Se) and uranium (U) are strategic and critical elements with significant global demand. Typically, cobalt is mainly recovered as a by‐product from sulfide and sulfoarsenide minerals associated with copper, nickel, and iron, while its occurrence as independent minerals, particularly trogtalite (cubic CoSe2), is rare. This study reports the presence of trogtalite in a sandstone‐type uranium deposit in China. It was identified in the Qianjiadian deposit in the southwestern Songliao Basin, through electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and Raman spectroscopy analysis (wavenumber 188 cm−1). The trogtalite occurs as cubic or polyhedral microcrystals, distributing as detrital mineral dispersed in the clay matrix or enclosed in detrital quartz or feldspar in uranium‐mineralized sandstones from Upper Cretaceous Yaojia Formation. The sandstone also contains selenides, including clausthalite, ferroselite, and krut'aite, which are typical cobalt mineralization associations found in the deposits in Argentina and Congo. The uranium‐mineralized rocks in the Qianjiadian deposit are enriched in Se, suggesting the co‐enrichment of Se and U during the mineralization. Thus, Se serves as an indicator of uranium mineralization in this deposit.
Evaluating compliance with UN Security Council Resolution 1540 on nonproliferation of weapons of mass destruction
Authors: Holmes John , von Winterfeldt Detlof
Published: January 2025

On April 28, 2004, the United Nations Security Council unanimously adopted United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1540. It requires countries to develop and enforce legal and regulatory measures against the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) and their means of delivery, with a focus on the spread to nonstate actors. To date, compliance with UNSCR 1540 has been challenging. Data included in the UNSCR 1540 Committee 2016 report indicate that approximately 35 countries, or 18% of the UN member states, have implemented 70% of the Resolution's requirements. This article uses a multimethod approach to evaluate compliance with UNSCR 1540, including key‐word analysis of existing literature to identify compliance factors and a quantitative evaluation method, based on weighting and scoring of these factors by the authors. The model was vetted by a panel of experts and tested on a sample of 12 countries showing that the compliance scores derived from the model correspond to the experts’ wholistic judgments about compliance and agreement with the scores of more complex models.
A review on the utility potential of rice derived products in weed management
Authors: Mai Nguyen Phuong , Xuan Tran Dang
Published: January 2025

Rice, one of the most economically significant staple food crops, is widely cultivated worldwide. The abiotic factors exhibit linear correlations with environmental fluctuations, while biotic factors, although indirectly related, also significantly affect rice production yields. Among them, weeds pose the most threat as they are direct natural enemies to rice plants in the field. The herbicides are effective but their curious use is suggested due to their adverse effects on human health and the environment. Utilizing natural‐origin weed control chemicals, such as natural compounds from rice, holds significant potential as the preference for organic products grows increasingly popular. Among these, the perspicacious utilization of abundant biomass sources from rice by‐products, such as husks and straws, is a wise strategy in sustainable agriculture practices through the exploration and application of rice allelopathy. Therefore, this review put forward insights into the rice‐derived product potential for the development of natural‐based herbicides, contributing to sustainable weed management. In addition, various types of weed inhibitors from rice, including momilactones and phenolics, their mechanisms of action, and techniques for isolating and identifying these compounds in rice are discussed. The factors influencing allelochemical production in plants and their potential applications in sustainable agriculture are also presented. Plant growth inhibitors derived from rice could offer safer, natural herbicides while reducing labor‐intensive field work as compared to the incorporation of rice by‐products at 1–2 tons/ha in the fields to manage weeds. Several rice allelochemicals, including momilactones A and B, serve as phytoalexins and protectors against salinity and drought and should be further explored to utilize their potential for sustainable agricultural production.
On the Construction of Explicit Analytical Driving Forces for Crack Nucleation in the Phase Field Approach to Brittle Fracture With Application to Mohr–Coulomb and Drucker–Prager Strength Surfaces
Authors: Chockalingam S
Published: January 2025

A series of recent papers have modified the classical variational phase field fracture models to successfully predict both the nucleation and propagation of cracks in brittle fracture under general loading conditions. This is done through the introduction of a consistent crack nucleation driving force in the phase field governing equations, which results in the model being able to capture both the strength surface and fracture toughness of the material. This driving force has been presented in the literature for the case of Drucker–Prager strength surface and specific choice of stress states on the strength surface that are captured exactly for finite values of the phase field regularization length ε. Here, we present an explicit analytical expression for this driving force given a general material strength surface when the functional form of the strength locus is linear in the material parameter coefficients. In the limit ε→0, the formulation reproduces the exact material strength surface and for finite ε the strength surface is captured at any n ‘distinct’ points on the strength surface where n is the minimum number of material coefficients required to describe it. The presentation of the driving force in the current work facilitates the easy demonstration of its consistent nature. Furthermore, in the equation governing crack nucleation, the toughness in the classical models is shown to be replaced by an effective toughness in the modified theory that is dependent on the stress. The derived analytical expressions are verified via application to the widely employed Mohr–Coulomb and Drucker–Prager strength surfaces.
Perception of Xiapu Min checked syllables and tones in citation and sandhi forms
Authors: Chai Yuan , Ye Shihong
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the acoustic cues for listeners to differentiate checked syllables and tones from unchecked ones. In Xiapu Min, checked and unchecked syllables and tones differ in f0, glottalization, and duration, whereas these differences are reduced in their sandhi forms. In citation forms, listeners utilize all three cues while relying on duration the most. The results indicate that duration is an independent perceptual cue for checked syllables and tones, rather than a peripheral cue resulting from the syllable structure of /CVʔ/. In sandhi forms, where checked and unchecked syllables and tones are phonologically neutralized, the duration and f0 still influence listeners' perception of checked constituents significantly. Data from Xiapu Min, along with other languages, illustrate that cues consistently found in the production of checked syllables and tones are likely to be utilized in their perception.
Use of Artificial-Intelligence-Based Chatbots to Promote Physical Activity: A Systematic Review of Interventions
Authors: Yang Fan , Wang Chenyu , Lindsey Michael A. , An Ruopeng
Published: January 2025

Background: Artificial-intelligence (AI) -powered chatbots have been increasingly utilized in interventions to promote physical activity and healthy lifestyle behaviors. This systematic review explored the effectiveness of these chatbots in physical activity interventions. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using comprehensive searches across PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, and the Cochrane Library. Studies included were peer-reviewed intervention studies utilizing AI-powered chatbots designed to promote physical activity, conducted from 2010 onward and published in English. Results: Of 11,347 articles identified, eight studies published between 2018 and 2023 met the inclusion criteria. Using randomized controlled trials or pre–post designs, these studies involved sample sizes from 15 to 116 participants. Interventions included chatbots, voice-activated assistants, and health-coaching applications in remote and controlled settings. Primary outcomes focused on physical activity metrics like moderate and vigorous physical activity and step counts, with secondary outcomes covering quality of life and engagement. Intervention effectiveness varied, with some showing significant improvements in physical activity while others had mixed results. Study quality assessment revealed generalizability, data collection, and missing data-handling limitations. Conclusion: AI-powered chatbots show promise as practical tools for promoting physical activity. They offer personalized, engaging, and scalable interventions that can be integrated into broader public health strategies. Despite their promise, the variability in effectiveness and inconsistencies in study quality underscore an urgent need for future research to standardize intervention designs and advance AI techniques for more reliable and scalable health outcomes.
A Qualitative Exploration of Sport and Exercise Psychology Practitioners’ Perceptions and Experiences of Using Think Aloud in Applied Practice
Authors: Whitehead Amy E. , Jackman Patricia C. , Vaughan Steven , Swettenham Laura , Birch Phil , Tod David , McEwan Hayley E.
Published: January 2025

Aims: Think aloud (TA) is a tool that has been used in sport and exercise psychology research and applied contexts to understand participants’ cognitions. We aimed to explore applied sport and exercise psychologists (ASEPs’) perceptions of using TA in their applied practice. Method: Following a workshop on TA, 10 ASEPs engaged in semistructured interviews about their experiences of using TA with clients. Data were analyzed via content analysis. Results: TA was used as part of the needs-analysis process and to facilitate reflection and evaluation. The following considerations were highlighted: client factors (e.g., individual differences), consulting factors (i.e., teaching participants how to TA), and the client–consultant relationship (i.e., strength of the working alliance). Conclusion: This is the first study to consider ASEPs’ perspectives on how TA can be used in applied practice, and it offers considerations to ASEPs on the use of TA as a tool in service delivery.
Statut social et perception paysanne sur les services écosystémiques dans deux zones phytogéographiques au Burkina Faso
Authors: SOMPOUGDOU Alexis , BAZIE Hugues Roméo , Kaboré Albert , Kinda Ismaîla , Sermé Idriss , Nacro Hassan Bismarck
Published: January 2025

Les agroécosystèmes procurent de nombreux biens et services à plusieurs millions de personnes. Toutefois, au Burkina Faso, ils sont continuellement dégradés, impactant les moyens d’existence des populations rurales. L’objectif de cette étude était d’appréhender les perceptions des services écosystémiques, les mécanismes, les approches de gestion des agroécosystèmes des producteurs selon leur statut social et la zone phytogéographique. 396 producteurs classés suivant l’approche Participatory Analysis of Poverty, Livelihood and Environment Dynamic ont été enquêtés dans deux zones phytogéographiques différentes. Un inventaire des ligneux dans 249 placettes installées dans les champs des producteurs enquêtés a été réalisé. Les résultats ont révélé que les producteurs sont classés en trois catégories sociales et exploitent 3 types d’agroécosystèmes. 31 et 29 espèces ligneuses regroupées en 15 et 16 familles, 23 et 26 genres ont été recensées ; 8 et 10 services écosystémiques ont été cités, respectivement dans la zone sud soudanienne et nord soudanienne. Les producteurs ont une bonne perception des services écosystémiques qui est influencée par la zone phytogéographique. Le statut social influence la perception que les producteurs ont des services écosystémiques dans la zone sud soudanienne contrairement dans la zone nord soudanienne. Cette étude peut aider à une gestion durable des agroécosystèmes.
$$\rho $$ meson transverse momentum-dependent parton distributions
Authors: Zhang Jin-Li , Wu Jun
Published: January 2025

In this paper, the light-front wave functions (LFWFs) of the $$\rho $$
ρ
meson are evaluated in the framework of the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model using the proper time regularization scheme. The transverse momentum-dependent parton distributions (TMDs) of the $$\rho $$
ρ
meson are derived from the overlap representations of the LFWFs. We investigate the $$\varvec{k}_{\perp }$$

k

⊥

-weighted moments and the x-dependent average transverse momentum $$\langle k_{\perp }^n(x)\rangle _{\alpha }$$

⟨

k

⊥

n

(
x
)

⟩

α

of $$\rho $$
ρ
meson TMDs. The $$\langle k_{\perp }^n(x)\rangle _{\alpha }$$

⟨

k

⊥

n

(
x
)

⟩

α

shows the typical transverse momenta of quark TMDs in our model. Our findings indicate that the average transverse momenta of $$\langle k_{\perp }(x)\rangle _{\alpha }$$

⟨

k
⊥

(
x
)

⟩

α

fall within the range of [0.3, 0.45] GeV, while $$\langle k_{\perp }^2(x)\rangle _{\alpha }$$

⟨

k

⊥

2

(
x
)

⟩

α

are in the region of [0.15, 0.30] $$GeV^2$$

G
e

V
2

. Our TMDs and parton distribution functions (PDFs) exhibit excellent adherence to positive constraints. The investigation of spin densities within the $$\rho $$
ρ
meson in transverse momentum space reveals axially symmetric distributions for quarks and targets polarized in either the longitudinal or transverse direction. Conversely, unpolarized symmetric distributions occur when the quark is longitudinally polarized and the target is transversely polarized, while exhibiting dipolar distortions in the opposite scenario. A comparison between TMDs from LFWFs and those from a covariant approach demonstrates that TMDs from LFWFs more effectively satisfy positive constraints than their counterparts from the covariant approach. Furthermore, the x-moments of $$\rho $$
ρ
meson PDFs indicate that $$\langle x\rangle _{g_L}$$

⟨
x
⟩

g
L

is larger using LFWFs than with the covariant approach. Additionally, analysis of quark spin densities within the $$\rho $$
ρ
meson reveals that $$\rho _{\uparrow \downarrow }\left( k_x,k_y\right) =f-g_L-\frac{1}{3}f_{LL}$$

ρ

↑
↓

k
x

,

k
y

=
f
-

g
L

-

1
3

f

LL

yields a negative result using the covariant approach, whereas $$\rho _{\uparrow \downarrow }\left( k_x,k_y\right) $$

ρ

↑
↓

k
x

,

k
y

derived from LFWFs produces a positive outcome.
Gravitational radiation from an accelerating massive particle in general relativity
Authors: Hogan Peter A. , Puetzfeld Dirk
Published: January 2025

A comprehensive description is given of a spacetime model of an accelerating massive particle. The particle radiates gravitational waves with optical shear. The wave fronts are smoothly deformed spheres and the particle experiences radiation reaction, similar to an accelerating charged particle, and a loss of mass described by a Bondi mass-loss formula. The spacetime is one of the Bondi–Sachs forms but presented in a form here which is particularly suited to the construction of the model particle. All details of the calculations are given. A detailed examination of the gravitational field of the particle is provided which illustrates the presence of gravitational radiation and also exhibits, in the form of a type of singularity found in some Robinson–Trautman spacetimes, the absence of an external field to supply energy to the particle.
New exact solutions of two-field inflationary model via Noether symmetries
Authors: Camci Ugur
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we consider a cosmological model of hyperbolic inflation involving two-scalar fields. By examining the Noether symmetries of the corresponding Lagrangian in the context of a spatially flat Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker spacetime, we identify conserved quantities or first integrals corresponding to specific cases. These conserved quantities facilitate the derivation of novel solutions to the field equations, offering new perspectives on the dynamics of two-field inflationary models.
Some field equations with composite operators in octonion spaces
Authors: Weng Zi-Hua
Published: January 2025

The paper aims to explore the impact of composite operators containing a few physical quantities on the gravitational and electromagnetic fields, studying the influencing factors and physical properties of octonion field equations. Maxwell first utilized the quaternions and vector terminology to describe the electromagnetic fields. The octonions can be used to simultaneously describe the physical quantities of electromagnetic and gravitational fields, including the octonion field potential, field strength, field source, linear momentum, angular momentum, torque and force. In the octonion spaces, the field strength and quaternion operator are able to combine together to become one composite operator, making an important contribution to the field equations. Similarly, the field potential can also form some composite operators with the quaternion operator, and they have a certain impact on the field equations. Furthermore, other physical quantities can also be combined with the quaternion operator to form several composite operators. In these composite operators, multiple physical quantities can also have a certain impact on the field equations. In other words, the field strength does not occupy a unique central position, compared to other physical quantities in these composite operators. In the field theories described by the octonions, various field equations can be derived from the application of different composite operators. According to different composite operators, it is able to infer the field equations when the field strength or/and field potential make a certain contribution, and it is also possible to deduce several new field equations when the remaining physical quantities play a certain role. This further deepens the understanding of the physical properties of field equations.
Innovations in precision agriculture and smart farming: Emerging technologies driving agricultural transformation
Authors: Khan Naeem , Babar Md Ali
Published: January 2025

Precision agriculture (PA) and smart farming represent transformative advancements in modern agriculture, utilizing advanced technologies and data-driven approaches to enhance productivity and sustainability. This paper explores the evolution of PA, from its origins in the 1980s to its current state, highlighting key technological components such as global positioning systems (GPS), geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing, and the Internet of Things (IoT). The integration of these technologies has revolutionized farm management by optimizing resource use, increasing crop yields, and improving environmental sustainability. We discuss the historical development of PA, including significant milestones and technological advancements. The paper also examines the applications of PA in seeding, fertilization, pesticide application, and livestock management. Economic benefits include cost reductions and increased profitability, while environmental benefits encompass reduced greenhouse gas emissions, improved water quality, and enhanced soil health. Future trends indicate a growing role for artificial intelligence, machine learning, and blockchain in advancing agricultural practices. This comprehensive overview underscores the potential of PA and smart farming to address global food security and sustainability challenges.
Qurts: Automatic Quantum Uncomputation by Affine Types with Lifetime
Authors: Hirata Kengo , Heunen Chris
Published: January 2025

Uncomputation is a feature in quantum programming that allows the programmer to discard a value without losing quantum information, and that allows the compiler to reuse resources. Whereas quantum information has to be treated linearly by the type system, automatic uncomputation enables the programmer to treat it affinely to some extent. Automatic uncomputation requires a substructural type system between linear and affine, a subtlety that has only been captured by existing languages in an ad hoc way. We extend the Rust type system to the quantum setting to give a uniform framework for automatic uncomputation called Qurts (pronounced quartz). Specifically, we parameterise types by lifetimes, permitting them to be affine during their lifetime, while being restricted to linear use outside their lifetime. We also provide two operational semantics: one based on classical simulation, and one that does not depend on any specific uncomputation strategy.
Inference Plans for Hybrid Particle Filtering
Authors: Cheng Ellie Y. , Atkinson Eric , Baudart Guillaume , Mandel Louis , Carbin Michael
Published: January 2025

Advanced probabilistic programming languages (PPLs) using hybrid particle filtering combine symbolic exact inference and Monte Carlo methods to improve inference performance. These systems use heuristics to partition random variables within the program into variables that are encoded symbolically and variables that are encoded with sampled values, and the heuristics are not necessarily aligned with the developer's performance evaluation metrics. In this work, we present inference plans, a programming interface that enables developers to control the partitioning of random variables during hybrid particle filtering. We further present Siren, a new PPL that enables developers to use annotations to specify inference plans the inference system must implement. To assist developers with statically reasoning about whether an inference plan can be implemented, we present an abstract-interpretation-based static analysis for Siren for determining inference plan satisfiability. We prove the analysis is sound with respect to Siren's semantics. Our evaluation applies inference plans to three different hybrid particle filtering algorithms on a suite of benchmarks. It shows that the control provided by inference plans enables speed ups of 1.76x on average and up to 206x to reach a target accuracy, compared to the inference plans implemented by default heuristics; the results also show that inference plans improve accuracy by 1.83x on average and up to 595x with less or equal runtime, compared to the default inference plans. We further show that our static analysis is precise in practice, identifying all satisfiable inference plans in 27 out of the 33 benchmark-algorithm evaluation settings.
CF-GKAT: Efficient Validation of Control-Flow Transformations
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Kappé Tobias , Narváez David E. , Naus Nico
Published: January 2025

Guarded Kleene Algebra with Tests (GKAT) provides a sound and complete framework to reason about trace equivalence between simple imperative programs. However, there are still several notable limitations. First, GKAT is completely agnostic with respect to the meaning of primitives, to keep equivalence decidable. Second, GKAT excludes non-local control flow such as goto, break, and return. To overcome these limitations, we introduce
Control-Flow GKAT
(
CF-GKAT
), a system that allows reasoning about programs that include non-local control flow as well as hardcoded values. CF-GKAT is able to soundly and completely verify trace equivalence of a larger class of programs, while preserving the nearly-linear efficiency of GKAT. This makes CF-GKAT suitable for the verification of control-flow manipulating procedures, such as decompilation and goto-elimination. To demonstrate CF-GKAT’s abilities, we validated the output of several highly non-trivial program transformations, such as Erosa and Hendren’s goto-elimination procedure and the output of Ghidra decompiler. CF-GKAT opens up the application of Kleene Algebra to a wider set of challenges, and provides an important verification tool that can be applied to the field of decompilation and control-flow transformation.
Data Race Freedom à la Mode
Authors: Georges Aïna Linn , Peters Benjamin , Elbeheiry Laila , White Leo , Dolan Stephen , Eisenberg Richard A. , Casinghino Chris , Pottier François , Dreyer Derek
Published: January 2025

We present DRFcaml, an extension of OCaml's type system that guarantees data race freedom for multi-threaded OCaml programs while retaining backward compatibility with existing sequential OCaml code. We build on recent work of Lorenzen et al., who extend OCaml with modes that keep track of locality, uniqueness, and affinity. We introduce two new mode axes, contention and portability, which record whether data has been shared or can be shared between multiple threads. Although this basic type-and-mode system has limited expressive power by itself, it does let us express APIs for capsules, regions of memory whose access is controlled by a unique ghost key, and reader-writer locks, which allow a thread to safely acquire partial or full ownership of a key. We show that this allows complex data structures (which may involve aliasing and mutable state) to be safely shared between threads. We formalize the complete system and establish its soundness by building a semantic model of it in the Iris program logic on top of the Rocq proof assistant.
QuickSub: Efficient Iso-Recursive Subtyping
Authors: Zhou Litao , Oliveira Bruno C. d. S.
Published: January 2025

Many programming languages need to check whether two recursive types are in a subtyping relation. Traditionally recursive types are modelled in two different ways: equi- or iso- recursive types. While efficient algorithms for subtyping equi-recursive types are well studied for simple type systems, efficient algorithms for iso-recursive subtyping remain understudied. In this paper we present QuickSub: an efficient and simple to implement algorithm for iso-recursive subtyping. QuickSub has the same expressive power as the well-known iso-recursive Amber rules. The worst case complexity of QuickSub is
O
(
nm
), where
m
is the size of the type and
n
is the number of recursive binders. However, in practice, the algorithm is nearly linear with the worst case being hard to reach. Consequently, in many common cases, QuickSub can be several times faster than alternative algorithms. We validate the efficiency of QuickSub with an empirical evaluation comparing it to existing equi-recursive and iso-recursive subtyping algorithms. We prove the correctness of the algorithm and formalize a simple calculus with recursive subtyping and records. For this calculus we also show how type soundness can be proved using QuickSub. All the results have been formalized and proved in the Coq proof assistant.
SNIP: Speculative Execution and Non-Interference Preservation for Compiler Transformations
Authors: van der Wall Sören , Meyer Roland
Published: January 2025

We address the problem of preserving non-interference across compiler transformations
under speculative semantics
. We develop a proof method that ensures the preservation uniformly across all source programs. The basis of our proof method is a new form of simulation relation. It operates over directives that model the attacker’s control over the micro-architectural state, and it accounts for the fact that the compiler transformation may change the influence of the micro-architectural state on the execution (and hence the directives). Using our proof method, we show the correctness of dead code elimination. When we tried to prove register allocation correct, we identified a previously unknown weakness that introduces violations to non-interference. We have confirmed the weakness for a mainstream compiler on code from the libsodium cryptographic library. To reclaim security once more, we develop a novel static analysis that operates on a product of source program and register-allocated program. Using the analysis, we present an automated fix to existing register allocation implementations. We prove the correctness of the fixed register allocations with our proof method.
Formalising Graph Algorithms with Coinduction
Authors: Kidney Donnacha Oisín , Wu Nicolas
Published: January 2025

Graphs and their algorithms are fundamental to computer science, but they can be difficult to formalise, especially in dependently-typed proof assistants. Part of the problem is that graphs aren’t as well-behaved as inductive data types like trees or lists; another problem is that graph algorithms (at least in standard presentations) often aren’t structurally recursive. Instead of trying to find a way to make graphs behave like other familiar inductive types, this paper builds a formal theory of graphs and their algorithms where graphs are treated as coinductive structures from the beginning. We formalise our theory in Agda. This approach has its own unique challenges: Agda is more comfortable with induction than coinduction. Additionally, our formalisation relies on quotient types, which tend to make coinduction even harder to deal with. Nonetheless, we develop reusable techniques to deal with these difficulties, and the simple graph representation at the heart of our work turns out to be flexible, powerful, and formalisable.
Bluebell: An Alliance of Relational Lifting and Independence for Probabilistic Reasoning
Authors: Bao Jialu , D'Osualdo Emanuele , Farzan Azadeh
Published: January 2025

We present Bluebell, a program logic for reasoning about

probabilistic programs where unary and relational styles of reasoning

come together to create new reasoning tools. Unary-style reasoning is

very expressive and is powered by foundational mechanisms to reason

about probabilistic behavior like
independence
and
conditioning
. The relational style of reasoning, on the other

hand, naturally shines when the properties of interest
compare
the behavior of similar programs (e.g. when proving differential

privacy) managing to avoid having to characterize the output

distributions of the individual programs. So far, the two styles of

reasoning have largely remained separate in the many program logics

designed for the deductive verification of probabilistic programs. In

Bluebell, we unify these styles of reasoning through the introduction of

a new modality called “joint conditioning” that can encode and

illuminate the rich interaction between
conditional

independence
and
relational liftings
; the two powerhouses

from the two styles of reasoning.
Relaxed Memory Concurrency Re-executed
Authors: Moiseenko Evgenii , Meluzzi Matteo , Meleshchenko Innokentii , Kabashnyi Ivan , Podkopaev Anton , Chakraborty Soham
Published: January 2025

Defining a formal model for concurrency in programming languages that addresses conflicting requirements from programmers, compilers, and architectures has been a long-standing research question. It is widely believed that traditional axiomatic per-execution models that reason about individual executions do not suffice to address these conflicting requirements. Consequently, several multi-execution models were proposed that reason about multiple executions together. Although multi-execution models were major breakthroughs in satisfying several desired properties, these models are complicated, challenging to adapt to existing language specifications given in per-execution style, and they are typically not friendly to automated reasoning tools.

In response, we propose a re-execution-based memory model (XMM). Debunking the beliefs around per-execution and multi-execution models, XMM is (almost) a per-execution model. XMM reasons about individual executions, but unlike traditional per-execution models, it relates executions by a re-execution principle. As such, the memory consistency axioms and the out-of-order re-execution mechanics are orthogonal in XMM, allowing to use it as a semantic framework parameterized by a given axiomatic memory model.

We instantiated the XMM framework for the RC20 language model, and proved that the resulting model XC20 provides DRF guarantees and allows standard hardware mappings and compiler optimizations. Noteworthy, XC20 is the first model of its kind that also supports thread sequentialization optimization. Moreover, XC20 is also amenable to automated reasoning. To demonstrate this, we developed a sound model checker XMC and evaluated it on several concurrency benchmarks.
Multimodal Cascaded Framework with Multimodal Latent Loss Functions Robust to Missing Modalities
Authors: John Vijay , Kawanishi Yasutomo
Published: January 2025

Despite interest in multimodal classification, few studies have addressed the missing modality problem in which an
incomplete
multimodal input with one or more missing modalities is classified as the target class. The missing modality problem is shown to reduce the classification accuracy as the discriminative power of the obtained feature space is reduced. In this study, we address the missing modality problem in multimodal classification using a novel cascaded framework. The proposed framework is formulated in the feature space to address the missing modality problem by generating
complete
multimodal data from
incomplete
multimodal data. Subsequently, an optimal multimodal data is obtained by feature selection of the generated and original data. The proposed cascaded framework consists of three steps: feature extraction, feature generation, and classification. The framework is formulated to handle both
complete
and
incomplete
multimodal data simultaneously. The cascaded framework is trained using novel latent loss functions: missing modality joint loss, centroid joint loss, and latent prior loss. These loss functions, based on metric learning, are designed to ensure that data from the same class remain proximate in the latent space irrespective of the presence or absence of modality data. The cascaded framework is validated on bimodal audio-visible
RAVDESS
and trimodal audio-visible-thermal
Speaking Faces
datasets. The experimental results show that the cascaded framework improves classification accuracy even with
incomplete
multimodal data.
Lithium Plating at the Cell Edge Induced by Anode Overhang during Cycling in Lithium-Ion Batteries: Part II. Simulation and Experimental Validation
Authors: Oehler F. F. , Roth T. , Frank A. , Graule A. , Kücher S. , Jossen A.
Published: January 2025

In Part I of this work, it was shown that a two-dimensional Doyle-Fuller-Newman (DFN) model can predict inhomogeneous lithium plating during cycling caused by anode overhang. This indicates an increased risk of lithium plating at the cell edge. In Part II, the same model is used to simulate defined cycling conditions of real cells to experimentally validate the proposed model and the edge plating mechanism. The cells used for this purpose are single-layer pouch (SLP) cells instrumented with several spatially distributed gold wire micro-reference electrodes, enabling the measurement of local electrolyte potentials. First, the simulation indicates a significantly inhomogeneous potential distribution during 500-hour potentiostatic storage before the actual study, which is also observed in the local potential measurements of the real cells. Second, the cells are slowly discharged and then fast charged. Consequently, lower local anode potentials are observed near the edge compared to the center, which is consistent with the simulation results. Finally, the predicted and measured lithium plating near the anode edge is cross-validated by visual inspection in post-mortem analyses. The results are particularly relevant for optimizing cell design and operating strategies, as they demonstrate the relevance of considering previous operation during fast charging to avoid inhomogeneous degradation.
Supplemental Table 1 from Urinary Cotinine and Cotinine + Trans-3′-Hydroxycotinine (TNE-2) Cut-points for Distinguishing Tobacco Use from Nonuse in the United States: PATH Study (2013–2014)
Authors: Edwards Kathryn C. , Naz Tasmia , Stanton Cassandra A. , Goniewicz Maciej L. , Hatsukami Dorothy K. , Smith Danielle M. , Wang Lanqing , Villanti Andrea , Pearson Jennifer , Blount Benjamin C. , Bansal-Travers Maansi , Feng June , Niaura Raymond , Manderski Michelle T. Bover , Sosnoff Connie S. , Delnevo Cristine D. , Duffy Kara , Del Valle-Pinero Arseima Y. , Rostron Brian L. , Everard Colm , Kimmel Heather L. , van Bemmel Dana M. , Hyland Andrew
Published: January 2025

This table provides Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) characteristics and optimal cut-point to distinguish past 30-day daily and non-daily cigarette users from non-users*, overall and by sex and race/ethnicity.
Supplemental Table 1 from Validating Wave 1 (2014) Urinary Cotinine and TNE-2 Cut-points for Differentiating Wave 4 (2017) Cigarette Use from Non-use in the United States Using Data from the PATH Study
Authors: Edwards Kathryn C. , Khan Asia , Sharma Eva , Wang Lanqing , Feng June , Blount Benjamin C. , Sosnoff Connie S. , Smith Danielle M. , Goniewicz Maciej L. , Pearson Jennifer , Villanti Andrea C. , Delnevo Cristine D. , Bover-Manderski Michelle T. , Hatsukami Dorothy K. , Niaura Raymond , Everard Colm , Kimmel Heather L. , Duffy Kara , Rostron Brian L. , Del Valle-Pinero Arseima Y. , van Bemmel Dana M. , Stanton Cassandra A. , Hyland Andrew
Published: January 2025

Supplemental Table 1 provides demographic and tobacco use characteristics of exclusive and polytobacco users.
Supplementary Table 4 from Metabolic Syndrome and Risks of Breast Cancer Outcomes for Luminal, Triple-Negative, and HER2-Overexpressing Subtypes
Authors: Loroña Nicole C. , Othus Megan , Malone Kathleen E. , Linden Hannah M. , Tang Mei-Tzu C. , Li Christopher I.
Published: January 2025

Supplementary Table 4 presents results for breast cancer recurrence associated with metabolic syndrome and its components by molecular subtype of breast cancer and stratified by stage at diagnosis.
Supplemental Figure 1 from Identifying Measures for Understanding and Addressing County-Level Disparities in Adolescent HPV Vaccination Coverage in North Carolina
Authors: Grabert Brigid K. , McKeithen Mary Catharine , Trogdon Justin G. , Spees Lisa P. , Wheeler Stephanie B. , Myers Jenny K. , Spencer Jennifer C. , Gilkey Melissa B.
Published: January 2025

Description: Figure depicts a regional geographic measure using the six regions defined by the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services to administer the state's Medicaid program. The six regions make up the North Carolina Medicaid Managed Care Regions. Available from: https://www.ncdhhs.gov/medicaid-regions-map .
Supplementary Table 3 from Metabolic Syndrome and Risks of Breast Cancer Outcomes for Luminal, Triple-Negative, and HER2-Overexpressing Subtypes
Authors: Loroña Nicole C. , Othus Megan , Malone Kathleen E. , Linden Hannah M. , Tang Mei-Tzu C. , Li Christopher I.
Published: January 2025

Supplementary Table 3 presents results for breast cancer specific and all-cause mortality associated with metabolic syndrome and its components by molecular subtype of breast cancer and stratified by age at diagnosis.
Supplementary Table 2 from Metabolic Syndrome and Risks of Breast Cancer Outcomes for Luminal, Triple-Negative, and HER2-Overexpressing Subtypes
Authors: Loroña Nicole C. , Othus Megan , Malone Kathleen E. , Linden Hannah M. , Tang Mei-Tzu C. , Li Christopher I.
Published: January 2025

Supplementary Table 2 presents results for breast cancer recurrence associated with metabolic syndrome and its components by molecular subtype of breast cancer and stratified by age at diagnosis.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Metabolic Syndrome and Risks of Breast Cancer Outcomes for Luminal, Triple-Negative, and HER2-Overexpressing Subtypes
Authors: Loroña Nicole C. , Othus Megan , Malone Kathleen E. , Linden Hannah M. , Tang Mei-Tzu C. , Li Christopher I.
Published: January 2025

Flow diagram describing collection of comorbidity diagnoses and treatments with respect to breast cancer diagnosis.
Sup. Table 4 from Gastric Cancer Risk among Immigrants and Socioeconomic Groups in the Netherlands
Authors: Mülder Duco T. , van de Schootbrugge - Vandermeer Hilliene J. , O’Mahony James F. , Sun Dianqin , Han Weiran , Verhoeven Rob H.A. , van Loo Marlon , van de Veerdonk Wessel , Spaander Manon C.W. , Lansdorp-Vogelaar Iris
Published: January 2025

Age-distributions of immigrants per region in the Netherlands in 2015. *Some data fields are empty, due to small samples.
Sup. Table 3 from Gastric Cancer Risk among Immigrants and Socioeconomic Groups in the Netherlands
Authors: Mülder Duco T. , van de Schootbrugge - Vandermeer Hilliene J. , O’Mahony James F. , Sun Dianqin , Han Weiran , Verhoeven Rob H.A. , van Loo Marlon , van de Veerdonk Wessel , Spaander Manon C.W. , Lansdorp-Vogelaar Iris
Published: January 2025

Age-distributions of immigrants per country in the Netherlands in 2015. *Some data fields are empty, due to small samples.
Sup. Table 1 from Gastric Cancer Risk among Immigrants and Socioeconomic Groups in the Netherlands
Authors: Mülder Duco T. , van de Schootbrugge - Vandermeer Hilliene J. , O’Mahony James F. , Sun Dianqin , Han Weiran , Verhoeven Rob H.A. , van Loo Marlon , van de Veerdonk Wessel , Spaander Manon C.W. , Lansdorp-Vogelaar Iris
Published: January 2025

Crude and age-standardized incidence rates per 100,000 for immigrants from selected countries in the Netherlands in the period 2010 to 2021.
Sup. Figure 6 from Gastric Cancer Risk among Immigrants and Socioeconomic Groups in the Netherlands
Authors: Mülder Duco T. , van de Schootbrugge - Vandermeer Hilliene J. , O’Mahony James F. , Sun Dianqin , Han Weiran , Verhoeven Rob H.A. , van Loo Marlon , van de Veerdonk Wessel , Spaander Manon C.W. , Lansdorp-Vogelaar Iris
Published: January 2025

Odd ratios of gastric cancer for second generation migrants compared to the general population, controlled for age and sex The results are presented in totals and stratified by topographic location (non-cardia and cardia). Countries with fewer than 10 cases have been omitted for privacy reasons.
Sup. Figure 5 from Gastric Cancer Risk among Immigrants and Socioeconomic Groups in the Netherlands
Authors: Mülder Duco T. , van de Schootbrugge - Vandermeer Hilliene J. , O’Mahony James F. , Sun Dianqin , Han Weiran , Verhoeven Rob H.A. , van Loo Marlon , van de Veerdonk Wessel , Spaander Manon C.W. , Lansdorp-Vogelaar Iris
Published: January 2025

Odd ratios of gastric cancer for second generation migrants compared to the general population, controlled for age and sex. The results are presented in totals and stratified by topographic location (non-cardia and cardia). The countries with fewer than 10 observations in any given category have been amalgamated.
Sup. Figure 4 from Gastric Cancer Risk among Immigrants and Socioeconomic Groups in the Netherlands
Authors: Mülder Duco T. , van de Schootbrugge - Vandermeer Hilliene J. , O’Mahony James F. , Sun Dianqin , Han Weiran , Verhoeven Rob H.A. , van Loo Marlon , van de Veerdonk Wessel , Spaander Manon C.W. , Lansdorp-Vogelaar Iris
Published: January 2025

Odds ratios of gastric cancer per region of birth compared to the general population, controlled for age, sex and socioeconomic status. The results are presented in totals and stratified by topographic location (non-cardia and cardia). Countries with fewer than 10 cases have been omitted for privacy reasons.
Sup. Figure 2 from Gastric Cancer Risk among Immigrants and Socioeconomic Groups in the Netherlands
Authors: Mülder Duco T. , van de Schootbrugge - Vandermeer Hilliene J. , O’Mahony James F. , Sun Dianqin , Han Weiran , Verhoeven Rob H.A. , van Loo Marlon , van de Veerdonk Wessel , Spaander Manon C.W. , Lansdorp-Vogelaar Iris
Published: January 2025

Odds ratios of gastric cancer per region of birth compared to the general population, controlled for age and sex. The results are presented in totals and stratified by topographic location (non-cardia and cardia).
Supplementary Table S6 from The Influence of DNA Repair Genes and Prenatal Tobacco Exposure on Risk of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Gene–Environment Interaction Study
Authors: Wang Xinran , Zhong Charlie , Ma Xiaomei , Metayer Catherine , Mancuso Nicolas , Gauderman W. James , Wiemels Joseph L.
Published: January 2025

Supplementary Table S6 shows minP adjusted P values for tobacco x gene interaction in non-Latino whites only.
Supplementary Table S1 from The Influence of DNA Repair Genes and Prenatal Tobacco Exposure on Risk of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Gene–Environment Interaction Study
Authors: Wang Xinran , Zhong Charlie , Ma Xiaomei , Metayer Catherine , Mancuso Nicolas , Gauderman W. James , Wiemels Joseph L.
Published: January 2025

Supplementary Table S1 lists all DNA repair genes examined in this study.
Supplementary Figure S6 from The Influence of DNA Repair Genes and Prenatal Tobacco Exposure on Risk of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Gene–Environment Interaction Study
Authors: Wang Xinran , Zhong Charlie , Ma Xiaomei , Metayer Catherine , Mancuso Nicolas , Gauderman W. James , Wiemels Joseph L.
Published: January 2025

Supplementary Figure S6 shows bulk tissue expression for BARD1. This gene is expressed highly in pre-B lymphoblasts (more than any other tissue) which is the target for transformation in childhood ALL.
Supplementary Figure S2 from The Influence of DNA Repair Genes and Prenatal Tobacco Exposure on Risk of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Gene–Environment Interaction Study
Authors: Wang Xinran , Zhong Charlie , Ma Xiaomei , Metayer Catherine , Mancuso Nicolas , Gauderman W. James , Wiemels Joseph L.
Published: January 2025

Supplementary Figure S2 shows bulk tissue expression for TDG. This gene is expressed highly in pre-B lymphoblasts (more than any other tissue) which is the target for transformation in childhood ALL.