bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corporate governance and information society
Authors: Dedeic Predrag
Published: January 2017

Information and communication technologies are an important cohesive factor in developing global economy and binding up capital markets. Corporate governance has its place in the process of creation of new capital flows. Financial instrument markets are connected in their existence with relevant information and their dissemination, so that information technologies contribute to the efficiency of their organization and functioning. By its nature, technological changes, which influence the market, encourage the change of structure and processes which make the system of corporate governance. Application of new technologies helps easier problem solution regarding numerous corporate governance issues such as: rational apathy of shareholders, principal-agent problem, transparency, information transfer, etc. The application of technology within a public company should help in distribution of corporate power and contribute to balance of numerous divergent interests within a company, which is very important in terms of achieving primary goal – providing long-term well-being of the shareholders and the public company. On the external plan, application of technology can contribute to better quality of relations among the participants on the capital market. New technologies should help public companies to be successful in a long run by providing more efficient functioning of corporate governance by encouraging shareholders to effectively use their rights. Inability, disinterestedness and inertia of the shareholders will open doors to activities which direct company resources towards satisfying other interests (e.g. management interests) but not interests of the shareholders. Application of information technology can contribute significantly to more effective protection of both basic rights of the shareholders and higher level of more complex managerial enterprises (effective shareholders assembly, material distribution, accepting agenda, discussing and exercising voting power of all shareholders, particularly important for cross-border shareholders, voting in absence etc. The Internet and other technologies provide opportunity for everyday interactive communication between the public company and the shareholders. Interactive communication through on-line forums on the Internet provides instantaneous access of great number of shareholders and an opportunity to find answers on questions they are concerned with in a more effective way. The use of new technologies can reduce these costs of communication in a great deal, for it is possible to send piles of documents important for assembly sessions and decision making to an endless number of e-mail addresses (financial reports, auditor’s report, supervisory board report, board of directors report regarding business operations of the company, as well as reports on corporate governance).
Monitoring and the acquiring firm reaction to bad takeover bids
Authors: Bugeja Martin
Published: January 2017

This study investigates variables that explain why bidding firms raise their offer price following a negative capital market reaction to a takeover announcement. We find that whilst an increasing number of blockholders restrains the pursuit of unprofitable takeovers, greater institutional ownership and takeover hostility increases the likelihood a bidder will raise their offer price. Multiple bidders and board independence are unrelated to an increase in takeover price. Inconsistent with agency theory, management ownership and free cash flow do not explain bidder actions.
Comparing the role of managerial control in micro family business start-up in Bosnia Herzegovina, Brazil and Italy
Authors: Bianchi Massimo , Imoniana Joshua Onome , Tampieri Laura , Tesic Jelena
Published: January 2017

This paper compares the role of managerial control in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) startup in Bosnia Erzegovina, Brazil and Italy respectively in the district of Banja Luka, San Caetano and Forlì-Cesena. The main reason for this emergent topic is the survey carried out in the various countries that shows that informal controls outweighs the formal controls in the MSME and that there is a good evidence that such businesses are family owned. The most interesting result of the research was the discussion on MSMEs control system that is interwoven by the role and features of managerial control in Family Business (FB). In this regard, should we assume as empirically demonstrated in model (Fig.1) together with Greiner statements, developed by other Authors (Quinn, Cameron 1983), the general framework allow us to maintain the hypothesis that the control level in the first phases of MFB startup is low and limited to punctual check and operative one.
Divestment management buy-outs in Japan: performance, governance, and business strategies of seller firms
Authors: Kawamoto Shinya , Saito Takashi
Published: January 2017

This study has examined cases of management buyouts (MBOs), which have been increasing rapidly in number since around 2000. First, an overview of MBO practices is provided, indicating the beginning of an increase in divestment-type MBOs as a new means to implement corporate restructuring. Subsequently, the factors used by Japanese companies to decide on whether to pursue divestment MBO were analyzed while particularly addressing the parent companies––the sellers of the business units. Results suggest the following factors leading to the parent company divestment of subsidiaries and business units through MBOs: 1) poor performance of the business of the parent company, 2) high debt-to-asset ratio (debt reliance) of the parent company, 3) wide diversification of parent company operations, and 4) active reorganization of the parent company’s corporate group. The structure of corporate governance also affects MBO trends, indicating that 5) companies for which shareholding ratios of institutional investors and directors are high are more likely to implement a divestment MBO. Conversely, 6) companies that are protected by cross-shareholdings are less likely to implement corporate restructuring.
Empirical test of conditional CAPM using expected returns of Brazilian, Argentinean, German and United States of American portfolio
Authors: Filho Elmo Tambosi , Garcia Fabio Gallo , Imoniana Joshua Onome
Published: January 2017

In the last decades, CAPM model has been of great interest in the scientific scene. Despite all the criticism, the improvement of the static CAPM, which has generated new dynamic models, provided investors with stronger guarantee through financial transactions. The CAPM and its static version were and are still very important in the financial scene. Nowadays, more sophisticated adaptations of the CAPM are found, which allow us to explain some matters in finance that had remained unqualified for a couple of time. Considering such discussion about the CAPM validity, this study aims to create a basis for reflection upon the conditional model, comparing it with the static one. In order to verify such facts, tests of conditional models are examined (with beta varying throughout the exercise), something uncommonly studied in the literature. Such tests are suitable to incorporate variances and covariance that change at long run. Methodological wise, the study tested the conditional CAPM model borrowing a leaf from Jagannathan and Wang (1996) using macroeconomics and financial variables from the Brazilian, German and Argentinean markets. Also, the approach compared such results with the American figures. Based on our findindings, there is evidence that the conditional CAPM of Jagannathan and Wang (1996) for the North American market is perfectly applicable to the Brazilian, Argentinean and German markets.
A re-examination of the U.S. underground economy: size, estimation, and policy implications
Authors: Yu Jung-Suk , Hassan M. Kabir
Published: January 2017

We re-examine the size of the underground economy in the U.S. between 1972 and 2006 after properly adjusting for several statistical issues relating to its estimation. The dynamic error-correction-based currency demand approach confirms that income tax rates have no contemporaneous effect on currency demand, but they have positive and significant effects with a one-period lag. In addition, we observe that the size of the underground economy in the U.S. has grown considerably during the post-1990 period from $148.7 billion (3.4% of official GDP) in 1973 to $691.2 billion (6.0% of official GDP) in 2006. We also find that misspecified models have a propensity for overstating the size of the underground economy. During recessionary periods, the underground and official economies move in a same direction, although the growth rates of the underground economy are more unpredictable than those of the official economy.
Insider trading by directors and seniors officers before seasoned equity offerings
Authors: Baryeh Loretta , DaDalt Peter , Yaari Varda
Published: January 2017

An important aspect of corporate governance is how directors discharge their duty to shareholders as monitors of management’s opportunistic behavior. The insider trading by officers and directors before seasoned equity offerings (SEO) provide an opportunity to examine this issue, because insiders’ sales of the firm’s stock are incongruent with the objective of the firm to maximize the proceeds of the SEO. Since the market is aware that firms attempt to inflate their proceeds by managing earnings upwards, these trades may signal that the stock is overvalued. In this study, we compare the earnings management activity and the corresponding market response to earnings management and sales by senior officers and directors. We study a sample of 233 firms that conducted SEOs in the 1987-2004 period and either their directors and/or their senior officers traded in the firm’s shares. We find that 15% have insider trading by directors only, and 85% by both directors and senior officers. The market discounts the insider trading at the issuance date (the discount increases in the volume of insiders sales), but it treats insider trading by directors as a favorable signal that reduces the discount. Our study then identifies two ways directors monitor opportunistic insider trading before SEO. One is to ban it, as evident by the fact that under our selection criteria, 791 firms conducted SEOs in the 1987-2004 period. The other is to trade too as a positive signal to the market.
Corporate governance in Poland
Authors: Mortimer Tom
Published: January 2017

This article considers the traditional approach to the ’state’ Models of corporate governance, namely shareholder Model and stakeholder Model. It then considers the extent to which developments in a recent accession EU country, Poland, reflects either of these Models or adopts a hybrid approach. It then offers proposals for the future development of corporate governance within Poland.
Asset impairment and corporate governance: evidence from the finance industry
Authors: Lin Tzong-Huei , Lin Ching-Chieh , Cheng Yueh , Lee Wen-Chih
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this paper is to explore whether asset impairment loss as stipulated in International Accounting Standards (IAS) No. 36 provides an opportunity for finance industry to engage in earnings management, and whether corporate governance mechanism can deter such behavior. Using a sample of Taiwan finance industry, our results show that the amounts of asset impairment losses are related to “income smoothing” incentive rather than “big bath” motive. We also find that directors/managers recognize asset impairment losses basing on self-interest consideration and corporate governance mechanism have significant effect on asset impairment decision. The result also shows that financial holding company recognizes less asset impairment losses than non-financial-holding financial institution. Our conclusions are robust to different model specification, and are free from multicollinearity and outliers effects. This study contributes to understand the asset impairment behavior of finance industry and the behavior differences between financial holding company and non-financial-holding financial institution.
Earnings management and long-term performance: evidence from reverse stock splits
Authors: Gombola Michael , Ho Amy Yueh-Fang , Chen Yi-Kai
Published: January 2017

This study investigates earnings management and long-term stock performance surrounding reverse stock splits. It is designed to provide evidence on the role of managerial pessimism and discretionary current accruals. Discretionary current accruals are used to measure earnings management. These discretionary current accruals are measured in our study using the balance sheet approach as well as the cash flow statement approach. We find consistent evidence of negative discretionary current accruals prior to reverse stock splits. Such negative discretionary accruals are consistent with managerial pessimism prior to a reverse stock split. Such pessimism is warranted by the observed negative market reaction to a reverse split announcement and the negative abnormal returns observed after reverse splits. Negative discretionary current accruals are also consistent with smoothing of earnings during difficult and challenging periods for the firm. Our study might provide an alternative to the opportunism explanation. It also provides additional evidence buttressing the role of managerial optimism and pessimism in explaining earnings management.
Large changes in board size, corporate governance and firm value
Authors: Ning Yixi , Metghalchi Massoud , Du Jonathan
Published: January 2017

We find that substantial changes in board size, either an increase or a decrease of three or more directors at one time, are permanent movements rather than temporary changes, but the large changes are followed by small reversal in the subsequent years. Empirical evidence shows that all types of directors (inside, affiliated, and independent) are strongly affected by board size expansions (or reductions). Large changes in board size provide a good opportunity for a firm to optimize its board structure by increasing board independence and retiring elder directors. Further analysis indicates that such substantial changes in board size are associated with more frequent board meetings, a higher likelihood of CEO transitions, and firm size expansions. However, we find no evidence that large decreases (or increases) in board size add (or destroy) firm value for shareholders in the long run.
Corporate governance structures and the agency cost of debt
Authors: Chan-Lau Jorge A.
Published: January 2017

This paper uses a stochastic continuous time model of the firm to study how different corporate governance structures affect the agency cost of debt. In the absence of asymmetric information, it shows that control of the firm by debtholders with a minority stake delays the exit decision and reduces the underinvestment problem. Such a governance structure may play an important role in diminishing conflicts between shareholders and debtholders.
Corporate governance and financial contracting: bondholder takeover defenses in poison puts
Authors: Cheng Ai-Fen , King Tao-Hsien Dolly
Published: January 2017

Bondholder governance through the use of bond covenants and the interactions between shareholder and bondholder governance mechanisms has been recently highlighted in the corporate governance literature. In this paper, we study bondholder governance mechanisms through takeover-related bond covenants (i.e., poison puts), confirm with agency theory on the characteristics of firms that are more likely to use these covenants, and emphasize the importance of bondholder governance in the overall structure of corporate governance. We find that poison puts are often bundled with asset sale, payout, and financing restrictions, which is consistent with agency theory. We also find that high growth firms, large, profitable, low-leverage firms are more likely to use poison puts. In addition, our results on free cash flow, insider and institutional ownership provide support for agency explanation. Lastly, we find that poor bond market performance and good equity market performance are likely to motivate the incidence of poison put bond issuance. Volatility of interest rate and volatility of bond index returns motivate more issues of poison put debt. Finally, greater market term and default premiums promote the use of poison puts.
Has the threat of a takeover improved the management of target firms? An analysis of firms in which M&A consulting, Japan’s first hostile bidder, acquired stakes
Authors: Kruse Timothy , Suzuki Kazunori
Published: January 2017

This paper examines the new development of hostile takeovers and shareholder activism in Japan. The hostile bidders claim that the threat of takeover which they pose on the management of a poorly managed company is not only to their benefit, but also to that of the target company in general, because the management will run the company better to maximize its value. Nearly a decade having passed since the first-ever hostile TOB attempt in Japan by M&A Consulting (MAC), an investment fund led by Mr. Yoshihiro Murakami in January 2000, we examine the stock price and operating performance of the companies whose shares were bought by the MAC. We find that the shareholders of the target companies indeed enjoyed large positive abnormal returns in the two years following the news. We report, however, that their operating performance declined over the four fiscal years following such news. There is little evidence so far that the threat of a hostile takeover improved the actual operating performance of the target firm.
The Danish company law reform
Authors: Hansen Jesper Lau
Published: January 2017

Company law in the European Union is rapidly changing. Recent years have seen company law reform in large Member States such as the United Kingdom, Germany, and France. In the Nordic region, the Companies Acts of Finland and Sweden were extensively reformed in 2006 and now it is the turn of Denmark. This paper will present the background to the proposed reform of Danish company law and provide an overview.
Does the mandatory bid rule increase valuation, liquidity, and decrease risk?
Authors: Carvalhal da Silva Andre Luiz , Nicolau Julia
Published: January 2017

This study analyzes whether the mandatory bid rule has an impact on firm valuation, liquidity and volatility. Using data from Brazilian firms that have voluntarily granted the bid rule, we provide evidence of a positive relation between bid rule, firm valuation and liquidity. In contrast, the bid rule does not decrease firm volatility. Our results support the hypotheses that the bid rule strengthens the protection for minority shareholders.
The family business: a unique profile of behaviour, or a profile adapted to the needs of the family and the market?
Authors: Galve-Górriz Carmen , Salas-Fumás Vicente
Published: January 2017

This paper helps to theorize the link between family generation and the characteristics, behaviour, management and governance of the firm. The paper also answers the question: to what extent is competitive position affected by each generation? The paper overcomes the limitation of the cross-sectional data, since the investigation is applied to data from Spanish firms during the period 1994 to 2005, which is much more appropriate when discussing developmental models. Our results confirm the greater degree of complexity of the family firm, as the ownership and the running of the business is passed to future generations. However, and contrary to all expectations, family firms in the sample have a high degree of concentration of ownership, regardless of the generation and a greater complexity in the business does not give rise to the incorporation of external partners in the company’s share capital. In fact, third generation companies have no external partners, with 100% capital remaining in the family.
Application of Markowitz model in analysing risk and return a case study of BSE stock
Authors: Pandey Manas
Published: January 2017

In this paper the optimal portfolio formation using real life data subject to two different constraint sets is attempted. It is a theoretical framework for the analysis of risk return choices. Decisions are based on the concept of efficient portfolios. Markowitz portfolio analysis gives as output an efficient frontier on which each portfolio is the highest return earning portfolio for a specified level of risk. The investors can reduce their risks and can maximize their return from the investment, The Markowitz portfolio selections were obtained by solving the portfolio optimization problems to get maximum total returns, constrained by minimum allowable risk level. Investors can get lot of information knowledge about how to invest when to invest and why to invest in the particular portfolio. It basically calculates the standard deviation and returns for each of the feasible portfolios and identifies the efficient frontier, the boundary of the feasible portfolios of increasing returns.
The effect of specific share repurchases on South African payout ratios: An exploratory study
Authors: Vries Annalien de , Erasmus Pierre D. , Hamman Willie D. , Wesson Nicolene
Published: January 2017

This article reports on an investigation of whether the introduction of share repurchases in 1999 resulted in differences in the dividend payout ratios of South African listed firms. Dividend payout ratios for the two ten-year sub-periods preceding and following the introduction of share repurchases respectively are compared for a sample of repurchasing firms and all listed firms. The results indicate that dividend payout ratios were statistically significantly lower during the ten-year sub-period following the introduction of share repurchases than before. The payout ratios for those firms involved in specific share repurchases, however, were found not to differ significantly from payout ratios in general. Furthermore, the payout ratios of repurchasing firms did not change significantly during the two sub-periods.
Romanian accounting policies between international accounting convergence and corporate governance regulation
Authors: Dobre Elena
Published: January 2017

Our paper aims to look at accounting impact on the systems of Romanian corporate governance. The purpose is aligned to discover research leads at the intersection of corporate governance and financial accounting. The hypothesis is that the corporate governance is influenced by accounting policies monitored by internal control. The empirical study focus on several points: (i) concepts and specific Terms; (ii) elements to be considered in establishing accounting policies; (iii) change and remodelling of accounting policies; (iv) the influence of enterprise accounting policies on indicators level. We present the role of accounting policies to generate futures economic benefices and the intricacy of accounting valuation. We conclude about the process configuration and modelling
accounting policies in terms of business engineering.
Overview of salient economic features of the modes of freight transport for use in the formulation of national transport policy in South Africa
Authors: Pienaar Wessel
Published: January 2017

Defining the economic role of the various modes of freight transport should be one of the basic ingredients of both an economically rational transport policy and the effective functioning of the existing free freight transport market in South Africa. In the interest of the national economy and in the commercial interest of freight carriers, national policy on freight transport should take cognisance of (1) why governments involve themselves in transport, (2) the policy instruments of governments that affect the performance of the freight transport sector, and (3) the salient economic features of the freight transport market that should be considered in the formulation of transport policy. The goal of the research was to compile an overview of these three aspects. The research approach and methodology combine (1) a literature survey; (2) an analysis of the cost structures of freight transport modes; and (3) interviews conducted with specialists in the freight transport industry.
Common mistakes of investors
Authors: Raymond Yuen Wai Pong
Published: January 2017

Behavioral finance is an actively discussed topic in the academic and investment circle. The main reason is because behavioral finance challenges the validity of a cornerstone of the modern financial theory: rationality of investors. In this paper, the common irrational behaviors of investors are discussed.
A white elephant is not a black swan: Why you can do more about it project risk than you think (a reply to flyvberg and budzier)
Authors: Zafft Robert
Published: January 2017

Failed IT projects destroy value on a massive scale. Failure occurs because traditional efforts to improve IT performance treat project delivery as an operational endeavor driven by technologists. Progress, these technologists say, lies in ever more complex implementation methodologies. In reality, an IT project is a business endeavor which must be evaluated in financial terms, both as a standalone effort and in relation to other efforts competing for resources. Moreover, a client or vendor’s projects represent a rolling collection of endeavors. They are best analyzed and managed as a portfolio. Proof of success will not only come through better project delivery and business ROI but the ability to insure IT projects for timeliness, adherence to budget, and full functionality.
Perspectivas de educación ambiental en las instituciones de educación superior / Prospects for environmental education in institutions of higher education
Authors: Olaguez Torres Juana Eugenia , Espino Román Piero
Published: January 2017

Cada vez más, varios sectores de la sociedad se preocupan por lograr un equilibrio en el ecosistema, incluyendo el área de la educación superior. En el presente estudio, se analizaron la parte teórica y las generalidades sobre la educación ambiental en la educación superior de México con el fin de coadyuvar en la concientización emergente. En este sentido, la educación ambiental debe de contribuir a la integración de la conciencia, conocimiento y actitud de la sociedad ante la problemática ambiental.
Manejo integral de los recortes de perforación de la industria petrolera en Tabasco / Integrated management of drill cuttings the oil industry in Tabasco
Authors: Méndez Villegas René , Gómez Rivera Petrona , Ledesma Herrera Juan Ismael , Ceniceros González Claudia María del Carmen
Published: January 2017

Los recortes de perforación impregnados con lodos base agua y de emulsión inversa base aceite, son considerados residuos de manejo especial de acuerdo a la Ley para la Prevención y Gestión Integral de los Residuos del Estado de Tabasco, publicada en 2013. Hay que señalar que el estado no contaba con un instrumento de regulación para estos residuos; sin embargo, como resultado del trabajo donde se propone el Manejo Integral de los Recortes de Perforación de la Industria Petrolera en Tabasco, se logró que se considerara dentro de la propuesta de la Ley citada, que afortunadamente fue publicada en el Periódico Oficial del Gobierno del Estado. Este trabajo establece los lineamientos para realizar un manejo integral, consistente en la generación, almacenamiento, transporte, reciclaje, coprocesamiento, tratamiento y disposición final de los recortes de perforación, ya que estos residuos son generados en grandes cantidades por la industria petrolera en Tabasco, especialmente en el proceso de perforación.
El empleo de los egresados de la Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria del Centro Universitario de Los Altos / The employment of the graduates of Veterinary Medicine Career of Los Altos University Centre
Authors: González Pérez Cándido , Ortiz Muñoz Edgardo Patricio
Published: January 2017

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal explicar cuáles son las características personales y escolares de los egresados de la carrera de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia del Centro Universitario de Los Altos y cuáles han sido las maneras en que se han inscrito en el mercado laboral de su entorno. La información se obtuvo mediante una investigación cualitativa y con base en entrevistas abiertas aplicadas al 94 % de los egresados (31 de un total de 33 estudiantes aceptaron colaborar). Para ello se siguieron las indicaciones de la Asociación Nacional de Instituciones de Educación Superior (ANUIES), con el fin de obtener la información directamente de los profesionistas. Los resultados dieron a conocer el porcentaje de egresados que laboran en un área acorde con los conocimientos que adquirieron en la institución, los obstáculos a los que se han enfrentado, así como los problemas que tuvieron a lo largo de su formación académica.
Enraizamiento a partir de callos de jatropha cuneata (wiggins & rollins) in vitro / Rooting from calluses of jatropha cuneata (wiggins & rollins) in-vitro
Authors: Preciado Paredes Paula Miriam , Ayala Astorga Gloria Irma , Martínez Heredia Damián
Published: January 2017

El género Jatropha es importante por sus propiedades medicinales y se piensa que podría llegar a constituir una fuente de aceite con posibilidades de desplazar en un futuro a las fuentes de combustibles convencionales.En el estado de Sonora existen varias especies de Jatropha, una de ellas es Jatropha cuneata, la cual necesita ser estudiada debido a que es una especie con gran potencial económico, ya que representa una posible alternativa para el desarrollo energético sostenible de biodiesel.A través del cultivo in vitro, se realizan estudios con la planta Jatropha cuneata. Para ello se utilizan hojas de la planta, se desinfectan y siembran asépticamente en medio MS con el regulador de crecimiento ANA (0, 1, 1.5 y 2 mGL-1) combinándolo con 0, 0.5 y 1 mGL-1 de cinetina, lo cual produjo mayor formación de callos con 1 mgL-1 de ambos reguladores de crecimiento. Los callos obtenidos se subcultivaron en medio de cultivo conteniendo las combinaciones de ANA con cinetina: ANA en concentraciones de 0, 1, 1.5 y 2 mGL-1 y cinetina en las concentraciones de 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 y 2 mGL-1 ; se obtuvo enraizamiento en los callos que estuvieron sometidos en medios de cultivo con las concentraciones de 1 y 1.5 mGL-1 de ANA. También se subcultivaron callos en 0, 1, 1.5, 2 y 2.5 mGL-1 de 2, 4-D y en 0, 1, 1.5, 2, y 2.5 mGL-1 del regulador de crecimiento de cinetina, no mostrando diferencias significativas con los callos sometidos en 1, 1.5 y 2 mGL-1 de 2, 4-D y cinetina
Integración del paisaje como propuesta de regionalización. cuenca río mololoa / Integration of landscape as a proposal of regionalization. Mololoa River basin
Authors: Avalos Jimenez Armando , Flores Vilchez Fernando , Marceleño Flores Susana
Published: January 2017

La cuenca del río Mololoa constituye un sistema complejo de suma importancia, ha proveído de bienes y servicios a 36 localidades asentadas en ella; actualmente se reportan tasas de deforestación de bosques del 0.1 % y selvas del 0.36 %, por lo que surge la necesidad de establecer un manejo sustentable de los recursos. Con base en el enfoque paisajístico, metodologías de análisis multivariado y encadenamiento, se obtuvo la integración de los factores del paisaje y una propuesta de regionalización, dando lugar a la conformación de 8 regiones caracterizadas por la homogeneidad entre los siguientes factores: tipo de clima, geomorfología, edafología, tipo y uso de suelo, vegetación, acceso a educación, salud, servicios básicos de agua potable, drenaje, energía eléctrica, vivienda y potencial económico, que en su conjunto muestran las características que han moldeado la estructura, función y composición de la cuenca del río Mololoa, como base para la formulación de instrumentos de planeación.
Metodología para la evaluación del nivel tecnológico del cultivo de Rye grass en los Andes ecuatorianos, microcuenca del río Chimborazo / Technological Level Evaluation Methodology of Rye grass cultivation in Ecuadorian Andes, the Chimborazo River watersh
Authors: Muñoz Jácome Eduardo Antonio , Coello María José , Moreno Fabricio , Cruz César
Published: January 2017

La microcuenca del Río Chimborazo está ubicada en la Parroquia San Juan, provincia de Chimborazo, en la zona central de los Andes ecuatorianos. El 90 % de los habitantes son indígenas y hablan el Kichwa. Su extensión es de 12 460 hectáreas, de las cuales 27 % son pastizales. En promedio, cada vaca produce 6 litros de leche al día, lo cual se debe entre otros motivos a la mala calidad de los pastos. Se desconoce el motivo de esto último, así que se llevó a cabo un estudio que permite idear una metodología sencilla y participativa que determine el nivel tecnológico del cultivo y establezca científicamente la problemática en la implementación y manejo del pasto. Asimismo, con ello se busca definir si la tecnología agronómica hasta hoy desarrollada y aplicada en dicha área andina es sostenible. La presente investigación se erige como base orientadora para futuros trabajos científicos agronómicos, de capacitación y asistencia técnica a desarrollar, con un enfoque de sostenibilidad para las diferentes prácticas y fases del cultivo. Después del análisis correspondiente se reportan las deficiencias en las fases agronómicas del mismo.
Tratamiento de aguas residuales por humedales artificiales tropicales en Tabasco, México / Constructed wastewater treatment by tropical -wetlands in Tabasco, Mexico / Treatment of water waste by wetlands artificial tropical in Tabasco
Authors: Marín Acosta Cristian , Solís Silván Rudy , López Ocaña Gaspar , Bautista Margulis Raúl Germán , Romellón Cerino Mario José
Published: January 2017

En las dos últimas décadas, los humedales artificiales han incrementado mundialmente su desarrollo para el tratamiento de aguas residuales. En el presente estudio, doce humedales artificiales tropicales de flujo subsuperficial (HAFS) fueron diseñados y operados específicamente para el tratamiento de aguas residuales domésticas. La eficiencia de remoción de contaminantes básicos (DBO5, DQO, SST, NT, PT, Turbiedad y Color) fue evaluada bajo tres tratamientos: 1) Pontederia cordata (HAFS-Tule), 2) Phragmites australis (HAFS-Carrizo) y 3) grava como prueba testigo (HAFS-Grava). Para el HAFS-Tule, se obtuvieron las más altas eficiencias de remoción entre  81.10 % y 95.44 %. Para el HAFS- Carrizo, se encontraron eficiencias de remoción en un rango de 53 a 89 %; mientras que el HAFS- Grava presentó las eficiencias más bajas (34-72 %). Los datos experimentales fueron analizados estadísticamente por aproximaciones de Kruskal Wallis y ANOVA. Los tratamientos mostraron diferencias estadísticas altamente significativas (p<0.001). Desde el punto de vista del costo de operación, la actual vegetación nativa probó ser satisfactoria para el tratamiento de agua residual en una región tropical de México.
Estudio de prefactibilidad de un relleno sanitario en Tepic-Nayarit / Pre-feasibility study of a sanitary landfill in Tepic, Nayarit
Authors: Hernández Rosales Irma Paz , Ibarra Rodríguez Diana
Published: January 2017

El caso de estudio de la presente investigación es la ciudad de Tepic en el estado de Nayarit. Tras monitorear y determinar la gestión integral de los residuos sólidos en el vertedero el Iztete, se establecieron varios objetivos:Realizar un diagnóstico del vertedero el Iztete.Estudiar la caracterización física del vertedero.Realizar un estudio de prefactibilidad económica del relleno sanitario.Dichos resultados indicaron la factibilidad de reciclar plásticos, vidrio, aluminio,  papel y cartón. El estudio de prefactibilidad económica contempló el diseño de ingeniería de un relleno sanitario, incluyendo la planta de tratamiento de RSU. La base principal para el diseño fue la topografía del terreno y el cálculo de vida útil del relleno sanitario. El estudio demostró la viabilidad de recuperar y vender los materiales reciclados, generando ganancias anuales de aproximadamente seis millones de dólares.
Evaluación de la sustentabilidad en organizaciones por medio del Modelo NOP
Authors: Hernández Ayón Francisco Javier , Hernández Ayón Hermilio , Valencia Ovalle Alicia del Carmen
Published: January 2017

En la actualidad, las organizaciones enfrentan un gran reto: avanzar hacia el desarrollo sustentable. Existen diferentes enfoques para la evaluación de la sustentabilidad en las organizaciones, sin embargo, ninguno analiza de manera holística y sistémica la sustentabilidad, considerando las cuatro esferas del desarrollo sustentable: ecológica, económica, social y cultural. El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como propósito, desarrollar una metodología holística y sistémica para la evaluación de la sustentabilidad en las organizaciones que parte de la visión del desarrollo sustentable soportado por los aspectos: ecológicos, económicos, sociales y culturales. Las cuatro esferas del desarrollo sustentable, son traducidas e interpretadas en las organizaciones y se desglosan sus componentes, y se utiliza el enfoque en el producto visualizado a lo largo de su ciclo de vida para el análisis de la organización. La Metodología NOP desarrollada, permite comprender cómo, a partir de la interrelación de los subsistemas: Naturaleza, Recursos, Factor humano e Ideología y de sus componentes, la evaluación de la sustentabilidad en las organizaciones es posible.desarrollo sustentable, organización, producto
Sacarificación y fermentación simultánea de olote pretratado / Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation process of pre-treated corn cob
Authors: García Villanueva Patricia , Garza García Yolanda
Published: January 2017

El bioetanol puede ser producido a partir de una amplia variedad de materias primas. Estas se clasifican en tres categorías de materias primas agrícolas: los azúcares simples, almidón y lignocelulosa. El olote de maíz (residuo agronómico), utilizado en este estudio, se compone de 37.85 % de celulosa, 42.3 % de hemicelulosa  y 7.01 % de lignina. Después del pretratamiento alcalino (NaOH al 1 %, 120°C, 60 min), el contenido de celulosa en el residuo de olote se incrementó de 37 % a 64 % con una disminución de 30 % y 88 % de hemicelulosa y lignina respectivamente. 59g.L-1 de la glucosa se obtuvo a partir de material pretratado por la sacarificación enzimática (45 °C, pH 5,5, 120 h) usando Celluclast® 1.5 L. Se evaluaron los efectos de la temperatura, el pH y la concentración de la enzima. Se buscó la condición más favorable en el proceso de sacarificación y fermentación simultánea (SFS) con el uso de Zymomonas mobilis. Las condiciones óptimas fueron, 38 ° C; pH 4,7; concentración de la enzima 20 FPU.g-1. Se obtuvo un rendimiento de etanol del 90 %, basado en el valor de rendimiento teórico para una concentración de 27g.L-1 a las 96 horas.
Aplicación de software educativo lúdico y micromundos para facilitar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje / Applying ludic educative software and microworlds to facilitate the teaching-learning process
Authors: Sabino Moxo Beatriz Adriana
Published: January 2017

En la actualidad los procesos educativos se apoyan en gran medida de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, algunos recursos informáticos se han ido ajustando a las necesidades educativas, entre las cuales destacan el uso de juegos de computadora, dando origen al aprendizaje basado en juegos (Game based Learning), en donde se explora nuevas formas de enseñanza asistida por computadora mediante la tecnología de los videojuegos. En este documento se presenta una investigación acerca del uso de software educativo tipo lúdico en la práctica docente, así como su aplicación en las diferentes disciplinas (matemáticas, biología, idiomas, etc.), de esta manera se presenta al alumno una forma de estudio de temas variados mediante el entretenimiento, al mismo tiempo brinda al profesor un panorama de opciones sobre que herramientas puede utilizarse para facilitar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.
Plataformas moodle en el aprendizaje de los adultos / Moodle platform in adult learning
Authors: Linarez Placencia Gildardo
Published: January 2017

En la actualidad, en el campo laboral, se requiere probar las capacidades, habilidades y destrezas para ejecutar una tarea; todo ello, como una consecuencia de la globalización. En el mejor de los escenarios, se requiere de un título universitario para conseguir un empleo, provocando una sociedad credencialista. Es innegable el crecimiento de la matrícula de las universidades en México, con una mayor frecuencia se observa a personas adultas aprovechando la expansión de la educación superior. Los nuevos retos de la universidad: la igualdad de oportunidades y la educación de calidad, obligan a estudiar las características del aprendizaje en la edad adulta, entendiendo las diferencias, oportunidades y expectativas en la aldea global. Con el crecimiento de las tecnologías se ofrece la oportunidad de incorporar las plataformas MOODLE al aprendizaje formal de los adultos. Se pretende hacer una investigación exploratoria de las vicisitudes de la propuesta de una educación hibrida en las licenciaturas semi-escolarizadas.
Modelo de software como estrategia de productividad para los cuerpos académicos y grupos disciplinares en las instituciones de educación superior / A software model as a productivity strategy for the Faculty in institutions of higher education
Authors: Magaña Collado Heberto René , Vidal Turrubiates Laura Beatriz , García Ulín Ninfa Urania
Published: January 2017

La presente investigación realizada desde el enfoque cuantitativo de tipo exploratorio (Hernández, R., 2006), presenta resultados del desarrollo de una herramienta de software como Sistema Web, para el control y la recopilación de información sobre las investigaciones aplicadas de los trabajos recepcionales realizados por los integrantes el Cuerpo Académico (CA) de Ingeniería de Software (IS) de la División Académica de Informática y Sistemas (DAIS), en la Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT). Su propósito es agilizar y optimizar el proceso de revisión de los trabajos recepcionales y mantener una base de datos orientada a objetos con actualizaciones de los registros y tener resultados para búsquedas de datos en el control de los títulos y trabajos recepcionales que hasta el momento se han realizado. Como objetivo de la investigación, el Sistema Web (Academic Storage) permitirá proveer de resultados estadísticos para alimentar la productivad académica del CA de Ingeniería de Software ante el Programa para el Desarrollo Profesional Docente (PRODEP), antes Programa de Mejoramiento del Profesorado (PROMEP).DAIS está dirigido hacia el CA ya que no hay un sistema automatizado que corresponda a estas funciones necesarias. Así, se obtiene una herramienta eficaz  para llevar el control de trabajos digitales con un amplio almacenamiento en distintas áreas de las TIC, sustituyendo la evaluación y corrección de los estatus de trabajos recepcionales en proceso de titulación y los que se mantienen en colección para uso académico y como estrategia del objetivo general de PRODEP.
Red neuro-difusa para el relleno de datos faltantes en la estación meteorológica Chapingo / Neuro-fuzzy network for missing data population in the meteorological station of Chapingo
Authors: Peña Durán Juan Daniel , Ayala de la Vega Joel , Aguilar Juárez Irene
Published: January 2017

Esta investigación presenta la aplicación de un modelo de red neurodifusa llamado ANFIS para el problema de estimación de datos faltantes meteorológicos: temperatura, velocidad del viento, humedad relativa y radiación solar en la estimación de la Evapotranspiración de referencia ETo. ANFIS es un método que permite crear la base de reglas de un sistema difuso, utilizando el algoritmo de retro propagación a partir de los datos de un proceso. La estructura de la red neuro-difusa para cada variable meteorológica consiste en dos entradas y una salida. La evaluación del relleno de datos faltantes se realiza mediante la Raíz Cuadrada del Error Cuadrático Medio (RMSE). Los resultados muestran que al usar un mayor número de iteraciones y variación de datos en el entrenamiento puede ayudar a la ANFIS a obtener resultados más precisos.
Sensor nulo de Shack-Hartmann para evaluar una superficie cóncava esférica y una parabólica / Null Shack-Hartmann Sensor for evaluating a concave spherical surface and a satellite dish
Authors: Canales Pacheco Benito
Published: January 2017

Actualmente existen muchas pruebas ópticas que analizan una superﬁcie o un sistema óptico. Según la literatura científica las hay de dos clases, dependiendo del método que utilicen: las denominadas no interferométrícas, es decir, la prueba de Hartmann, Alambre, Estrella, Foucault, Ronchi [1]. Dichas pruebas permiten obtener información sobre la derivada del frente de onda (∂w/∂y). Por otro lado, están las denominadas pruebas interferométricas, por ejemplo: el Interferómetro de Tyman Green, Fizeau, Newton, Murty (desplazamiento lateral) [2]. Con este tipo de pruebas se obtiene información directa del frente de onda (W). El presente trabajo utiliza el principio físico de la prueba de Hartmann para construir un sensor de frente de onda tipo Shack-Hartmann, que permita evaluar una superficie óptica esférica y una parabólica.
La comprensión auditiva en lengua extranjera en la radio / Foreign language listening comprehension on radio
Authors: Diez Irizar Gisela Aquilea , Herrera Sánchez Beatriz , Buenabad Arias María de los Ángeles , Flores Hernández Jesús Alejandro , Olán Cano María del Carmen
Published: January 2017

La comprensión auditiva a través de la radio en el proyecto En el aire: un curso de español para extranjeros, de la Universidad Autónoma del Carmen, tiene particularidades especiales por los recursos que ofrecen el lenguaje y los efectos sonoros de la multimedia. Al ser la radio un medio de transmisión unisensorial, la base sobre la que se asientan las grabaciones en este medio es el guion. La metodología del proyecto se basa en un estudio de tipo cualitativo, centrado en el método de Investigación Basada en Diseño, cuyo objetivo es el diseño y exploración de innovaciones educativas a nivel didáctico y organizativo, considerando las herramientas tecnológicas. El método empleado es el nocional funcional para enseñanza de los contenidos en lengua española. En estos momentos nos encontramos en la fase de producción de los guiones para la validación de estos y la puesta en el aire.
Algoritmo para la generación y ejecución de trayectoria de un objeto electromecánico móvil utilizando visión por computadora / Algorithm for the generation and trajectory implementation of an electro-mechanical moving object using computer vision
Authors: De la Roca Chiapas Adriana Ivett , Olalla Ocampo Leticia Santa , Ortiz Delgadillo Roberto
Published: January 2017

En el presente trabajo se desarrolló un algoritmo computacional en Matlab para un objeto móvil con la finalidad de obtener la exploración visual dentro de un escenario, evadiendo obstáculos dentro de un área definida y utilizando técnicas de visión por computadora. El sistema computacional adquirió una imagen en línea, donde al mismo tiempo se realizaron  exploraciones de  muestras dentro del escenario, lo que permitió identificar y generar la orientación del objeto móvil hacia la meta. El algoritmo se ejecuta n veces hasta que el móvil llegue a la meta.