bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Making Labor Visible in Historic Charleston
Authors: Worthington Leah , Donaldson Rachel , Taylor Kieran
Published: March 2020

Charleston, South Carolina, is a city that markets itself as a center of heritage tourism. With millions of tourists visiting each year to see its historic architecture and landscaped gardens, how can public historians and public history professionals in Charleston and the Lowcountry accurately share the stories of workers, both enslaved and free, who built and fundamentally shaped the regional cultural landscape? The authors of this collaborative essay explore different avenues for ensuring that labor history and heritage—past and present—becomes integrated in the public history of the city and region. Through her work in historical interpretation at the McLeod Plantation Historic Site and the Lowcountry Digital History Initiative, Leah Worthington explores ways of publicly interpreting how enslaved people shaped the natural and structural landscapes of the Lowcountry—landscapes that are at the heart of the historical tourism industry. Rachel Donaldson examines the significance of the places of labor history and the importance of recognizing and preserving these sites as integral features of the region’s built environment. With the assistance of oral histories conducted with Leonard Riley Jr., a longshoreman and member of the International Longshoremen’s Association, her focus on the historical and contemporary significance of International Longshoremen’s halls in downtown Charleston sheds light on how sites like these have facilitated, and can continue to facilitate, labor and social activism. As Kieran Taylor argues, Charleston has a rich history of protest that fuses traditional labor demands for better wages and working conditions with demands for racial equality and black power. His project examines the efforts of African American workers in recent years to harness those traditions to build worker power at fast food restaurants, in hospitals, and in public services throughout the region.
How to Approach Para-Aortic Lymph Node Metastases During Exploration for Suspected Periampullary Carcinoma: Resection or Bypass?
Authors: Pranger Bobby K. , Tseng Dorine S. J. , Ubels Sander , van Santvoort Hjalmar C. , Nieuwenhuijs Vincent B. , de Jong Koert P. , Patijn Gijs , Molenaar I. Quintus , Erdmann Joris I. , de Meijer Vincent E.
Published: March 2020

Background

Intraoperative para-aortic lymph node (PALN) sampling during surgical exploration in patients with suspected pancreatic head cancer remains controversial.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the value of routine PALN sampling and the consequences of different treatment strategies on overall patient survival.

Methods

A retrospective, multicenter cohort study was performed in patients who underwent surgical exploration for suspected pancreatic head cancer. In cohort A, the treatment strategy was to avoid pancreatoduodenectomy and to perform a double bypass procedure when PALN metastases were found during exploration. In cohort B, routinely harvested PALNs were not examined intraoperatively and pancreatoduodenectomy was performed regardless. PALNs were examined with the final resection specimen. Clinicopathological data, survival data and complication data were compared between study groups.

Results

Median overall survival for patients with PALN metastases who underwent a double bypass procedure was 7.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.5–8.5), versus 11 months (95% CI 8.8–13) in the pancreatoduodenectomy group (p = 0.049). Patients with PALN metastases who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy had significantly increased postoperative morbidity compared with patients who underwent a double bypass procedure (p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, severe comorbidity (ASA grade 2 or higher) was an independent predictor for decreased survival in patients with PALN involvement (hazard ratio 3.607, 95% CI 1.678–7.751; p = 0.001).

Conclusion

In patients with PALN metastases, pancreatoduodenectomy was associated with significant survival benefit compared with a double bypass procedure, but with increased risk of complications. It is important to weigh the advantages of resection versus bypass against factors such as comorbidities and clinical performance when positive intraoperative PALNs are found.
Prevalence of sarcopenia in an elderly population in rural South India: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Shaikh Nishat , Harshitha R , Bhargava Madhavi
Published: March 2020

Background: Sarcopenia is a condition common in the elderly characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength leading to poor quality of life. According to a working definition proposed by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP), the criteria for a diagnosis of sarcopenia is based on documentation of low muscle mass with either poor muscle strength or low physical performance. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia in the rural elderly population of South India.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 240 elderly people, 60 years and above, 118 men and 122 women, in rural areas of Dakshina Kannada district. We measured their height, weight, gait speed (using an 8-feet walk test) and muscle strength (using a handgrip dynamometer). Appendicular skeletal mass was calculated using height and weight adjusted for sex and Asian people using the Lee formula.

Results: Sarcopenia was found in 34 (14.2%) participants. Of all those having sarcopenia, 27 (79.4%) were ≤75 years, 30 (88.2%) were women, 27 (79.4%) were married, 23 (67.6%) had below poverty line status.

Conclusions: The prevalence of sarcopenia found in the present study was 14.2% in an elderly population more than 60 years of age and was found to be more in women. Large-scale multi-centric community-based surveys will help determine the actual burden of sarcopenia in India.
Challenges and opportunities for the future Clinical Nutrition Committee in Tartu University Hospitals
Authors: Kiisk Liidia
Published: March 2020

Patients of health care and welfare institutions have several accompanying diseases; therefore, the nutritional counsellors’ or dietary nurses’ competence is often insufficient for administering a special diet, but the help of clinical dietologists and physicians of different specialities is necessary.

In elaboration of clinical nutrition therapy strategies, their consistent development and coordination, an interdisciplinary clinical nutrition team can be helpful. Raising the nutritional awareness of the staff of structural units of medical and welfare institutions in helps them make rational choices in different disease cases, guaranteeing the patient’s wellbeing and a health care service with maximum benefit and minimum risk for the patient’s health.

Physicians and other specialists of Tartu University Hospital (nurses, speech therapists, pharmacists, nutrition counsellors, diabetes nurses) have contributed comprehensively to chronic patients’ individual counselling during hospital treatment and supporting of outpatients’ nutritional treatment.

In 2018, an initiative group of physicians of the hospital presented to the hospital’s Executive Board the need for establishing a broad-based expert group of clinical nutrition. With the Executive Board’s decision, a clinical nutrition committee was founded for rendering the nutrition treatment service.
The semiotics of verse rhythm and comparative rhythmics: Vladimir Nabokov’s and Jurgis Baltrušaitis’s binary tetrameters from a typological perspective
Authors: Lotman Mihhail
Published: March 2020

The article discusses the problems of poetic rhythm in two aspects. The first concerns the possibility of awareness and conscious modelling of various aspects of poetic rhythm; the second is related to the manifestation of similar or even identical tendencies in the rhythmic structures of various authors who belong to different eras and literary trends and even writing in different languages. Works from bilingual authors such as Vladimir Nabokov and Jurgis Baltrušaitis are of the particular interest.

The first half of the article focuses on how the concept of rhythm proposed in the book by Andrei Bely (1910) influenced the poetic practice. Before Bely, it had been implicit that the choice of stanzaic and metric forms was usually conscious for authors, while Bely demonstrated that poets and their audience can be aware of verse rhythm as well. After the publication of his results, Bely and other poets of a predominantly Symbolist approach began to pay attention to the rhythmic structure of the verse and made attempts to model it. Considered are the following problems: a) how do poetic meters relate to rhythmic forms; b) to what extent can the rhythmic momentum be recognized by the author, and to what extent can the author influence it; and c) how can the author compose verses in accordance with a pre-selected rhythmic model.

In the second half of the article, the rhythm of iambic and trochaic tetrameters in Russian poetic heritage of Jurgis Baltrušaitis is analysed in comparison with the rhythm of his Lithuanian verses. As it turns out, despite the obvious differences in the prosody of the Lithuanian and Russian languages, the rhythmic structure of his poems obeys the same regularities.

In the final part of the article, possible explanations of rhythmic patterns are proposed and an outline of the typology of the rhythm of the binary tetrameters is given.
RESEARCH AREAS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT
Authors: Somantri Manap
Published: March 2020

The objectives of this study are elaboration research areas in the development of educational management at the teacher and educational science faculty. Elaboration of research areas significant for the development of competitiveness study program, and can be references candidates for the topic choices of thesis and dissertation or lecturer research at the teacher and educational science faculty. The study will be done to literature analysis on educational management as a dimension process and substances in education. As a dimension, process management has explored while on planning, organizing, staffing, directing, budgeting, controlling, evaluating, and reporting. Substantial management included the curriculum, student, teacher, staff, money, facilities, and participation in educational management. The organization level can be analyses on global, regional, local, and institutional levels. The organizational function can be analyses on leadership, planning, supervision, communication, decision making, and innovation in the management process. The area's research in educational management has used for institutional innovation and student achievement.
STRENGTHENING OF SCHOOL QUALITY THROUGH SCHOOL PRINCIPAL LEADERSHIP
Authors: Pujiyati Wresni
Published: March 2020

This study aims to analyze and find out the implementation of principals 'leadership through school quality with the long-term goal of improving the quality of schools through principals' leadership. The specific target of this research is to develop a principal's leadership model. The research method uses a qualitative approach through case studies through observation, interviews, document studies relating to the principal's leadership and school quality. The general conclusion is that improving school quality is a process towards the realization of quality schools. Principal's leadership in strengthening school quality can be found in (1) Improving school quality (2) Principal's leadership strategy in improving school quality.
A situação dos apátridas na nova lei de migração brasileira: diálogo com os princípios da dignidade da pessoa humana e da fraternidade
Authors: Faria Tatiane Gonçalves Mendes , Brasil Deilton Ribeiro
Published: March 2020

O objetivo do presente artigo é analisar a situação jurídica dos apátridas em face da Lei nº 13.445/17 ao mesmo tempo em que investiga qual a efetiva contribuição para a garantia dos direitos fundamentais, tendo o ser humano como valor supremo de toda e qualquer proteção jurídica. A nova Lei de Migração trouxe maior efetividade na proteção dos refugiados e apátridas, que por vezes são vítimas do fenômeno do repúdio ao diferente e excluídos de toda e qualquer garantia jurídica dos Estados. Por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, com revisão da legislação e doutrina seguindo o método indutivo, os resultados obtidos foram no sentido de que o Decreto nº 9.199/17 que regulamentou a legislação brasileira de migração deu maior concretude ao preservar o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana e o da fraternidade como um valor da solidariedade que se constitui como fundamento de uma sociedade fraterna e pluralista se constituindo em um importante instrumento normativo para a redução do número expressivo de apátridas no âmbito regional.
A ancoragem moral dos direitos humanos como obstáculo à implementação dos direitos das minorias
Authors: Alves Rogério Pacheco
Published: March 2020

O objetivo do presente trabalho é o de problematizar o fundamento moral enquanto plataforma de reivindicação e criação dos direitos das minorias, isto é, a ideia, largamente difundida, de que a força normativa dos direitos humanos vai buscar seu fundamento na moral. É que, para além de todos os problemas que uma abordagem moral dos direitos suscita, especificamente na esfera dos direitos das minorias é justamente a moral que vai representar o mais poderoso obstáculo à sua implementação. Isso porque: - a moral e os conceitos universais abstratos aos quais se conecta são barreiras epistemológicas; - muitos dos direitos das minorias encontram no corpo a sua plataforma de reivindicação, o que a moral interdita através de diversas estratégias de rebaixamento do corpo; - num ambiente neoliberal, o argumento do mérito, de cunho fortemente moral, é articulado com uma nova racionalidade que produz “subjetividades contábeis”, ou seja, a concorrência sistemática entre indivíduos, a excluir boa parte dos grupos e indivíduos vulneráveis. Parte-se da premissa de que os direitos das minorias não são conquistas morais da humanidade, mas sim conquistas políticas de movimentos sociais que escrevem a história social dos direitos humanos, ou seja, a partir da constatação de que os direitos das minorias devem ser escritos e reescritos todos os dias, não são a priori morais.  Enfim, cuida-se de contestar o estatuto legitimador da moral em si, para além das usuais discussões sobre redistribuição e reconhecimento. A metodologia consistirá na revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema e na análise de alguns dados empíricos, com incursões nos campos do direito, da filosofia do direito e da sociologia.
Crítica à múltipla filiação registral e os seus efeitos nas linhas sucessórias à luz da interpretação constitucional com fulcro na teoria dos valores substantivos - substantive values – e do direito fundamental à felicidade
Authors: Martins Júnior Lázaro Alves
Published: March 2020

Hodiernamente, com o vicejar do fenômeno do Constitucionalismo e das teses e teorias com técnicas de interpretação dos textos constitucionais que sorvem a sua validade da Teoria dos Valores Substantivos que empresta normatividade cogente a todos os comandos magnos, por mais etéreos que sejam, eclodindo, inclusive, estudos e decisões no sentido da existência e da validade de princípios constitucionais implícitos que, também, fundamentam e promovem efeitos concretos sobre os jurisdicionados, percebe-se o crescimento dos casos judiciais em que as decisões determinam o registro de filiação múltipla sem a limitação do seu alcance em qualquer dos seus efeitos para com a filiação não biológica, o que pode gerar um desequilíbrio patrimonial entre herdeiros no âmbito da sucessão. Como os fundamentos decisórios dessas decisões são construídos valendo-se de conceitos indeterminados, v.g., o Direito à Felicidade, os mesmos se sujeitam à beligerância dialética contínua e não evitam a fluência de meros interesses materiais das personagens envolvidas, seara onde o ser humano se movimenta com maior lepidez em razão de sua característica egoística, exigindo, portanto, tratamento judicial e uma legislação específica e atenta a todos os aspectos do novel instituto.
O início, os fins e o meio: o Código Florestal
Authors: Velten Paulo , Figueiredo Guilherme José Purvin de
Published: March 2020

A edição do Código Florestal de 2012, objeto de inúmeras ações de inconstitucionalidade, representou mais um episódio do retrocesso legislativo na proteção do meio ambiente no Brasil. A decisão pela constitucionalidade de praticamente todos os seus dispositivos legais pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal produziu forte decepção em todos aqueles que se preocupam com a proteção da biodiversidade no país. O presente artigo revisita, sob a forma de revisão bibliográfica, o desenvolvimento das ideias que legitimam a dominação, a exploração e a simplificação da biodiversidade, a partir do contexto histórico-político brasileiro, presentes desde a edição do Código Florestal de 1965 e mantidas no novo Diploma de 2012.
Recommended optical system design for the SSST
Authors: Tan Hao , Ma Donglin
Published: March 2020

The Southern Spectroscopic Survey Telescope (SSST) is a planned multi-wavelength space survey telescope by China located in Chile. In this paper, we present a feasible optic system design based on wide-field Cassegrain corrector configuration for the SSST of China. Our recommended design has a large field of view (FOV) of

2.4
∘

×

2.4
∘

with its image spot size less than 0.3 arcsec in diameter for its full FOV in 80% encircled energy. The atmospheric dispersion effect and actual science requirements are taken into consideration. In addition, a trade-off study is presented. This paper can also provide a reference to the next generation of spectroscopic survey telescopes.
Radial polarizing phase-shifting interferometry with applications to single-shot n interferogram measurements and potential usage for white light interferogram analysis
Authors: Toto Arellano Noel Ivan
Published: March 2020

In this research, we present an interferometric system to analyze
transparent samples using interferograms generated by a phase-shifting
radial shear grating interferometer for two cases: the first obtaining

n

simultaneous phase-shifting
interferograms using a coherent light source and the second one using
sequential phase steps with a white light source. For the first case,
the simultaneous interferograms are generated using two optical
systems: the first one generates the polarized pattern while the
second one consists of a

4

f

system creating replicas of the
output interferograms. By using a 2D sinusoidal phase grating, we have
the advantage of obtaining up to nine replicated interferograms, all
of them with comparable intensities and having amplitudes modulated by
the 2D sinusoidal phase grating diffraction orders as zero-order
Bessel’s functions. To obtain the optical phase map, several phase
shifts are generated by placing a polarizing filter covering each
replicated interferogram. We highlight the advantage of using

n

simultaneous interferograms by
comparing resulting optical phases processed by a conventional
four-step algorithm against those obtained by an implemented

n

=

N

+

1

method, reducing errors with noisy
interferograms. Results for

n

=

7

and

n

=

9

cases are presented. In addition, we
have tested the setup with white light interference techniques by
employing the polarizer radial shearing interferometer; for this case,
the optical phase is calculated with the four-step and the three-step
algorithms. Results of testing the developed system to examine static
and dynamic phase objects are also included.
Deep ghost phase imaging
Authors: Komuro Koshi , Nomura Takanori , Barbastathis George
Published: March 2020

Deep-learning-based single-pixel phase imaging is proposed. The method, termed deep ghost phase imaging (DGPI), succeeds the advantages of computational ghost imaging, i.e., has the phase imaging quality with high signal-to-noise ratio derived from the Fellgett’s multiplex advantage and the point-like detection of diffracted light from objects. A deep convolutional neural network is learned to output a desired phase distribution from an input of a defocused intensity distribution reconstructed by the single-pixel imaging theory. Compared to the conventional interferometric and transport-of-intensity approaches to single-pixel phase imaging, the DGPI requires neither additional intensity measurements nor explicit approximations. The effects of defocus distance and light level are investigated by numerical simulation and an optical experiment confirms the feasibility of the DGPI.
Double-stadium Si-MZI racetrack microring resonator circuits: way to generate optical digital patterns
Authors: Ghasemi M. , Hamidi S. M. , Dehzangi A. , Choudhury P. K.
Published: March 2020

Silicon (Si) photonic components, namely, grating couplers and three-port splitters and couplers, have been designed and combined to form double-stadium Si-Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) racetrack microring resonator circuits for efficient control over resonance in a certain wavelength range and free-spectral range (FSR). It was found that variable microring resonator arms and the values of free-space distance (between the arms) at 200 nm and 5 µm can yield two and six OFF-phase zones, respectively, within the wavelength range of 1.5–1.6 µm. Furthermore, it was observed that the smaller arms downsize the FSR, whereas the larger arms upsize its value within the transmission spectrum. The usefulness of these structures can be conceptualized in the area of optical digital pattern code generation because suitably controlling the MZI arm lengths would create certain optical digital patterns in the frequency domain of operation. Apart from these, the usefulness of racetrack optical delay lines remains in optical sensing or biomedical sensing as well.
Circular-side square microlasers with shifted output waveguide positions for mode and lasing spectrum control
Authors: Zhang Yong-Heng , Huang Yong-Zhen , Ye Ya-Qian , Yang Yue-De , Xiao Jin-Long
Published: March 2020

Circular-side square microlasers with shifted output waveguide
positions are demonstrated to realize mode and lasing spectrum
control. Numerical simulation results indicate that the mode

Q

factors of the fundamental, first-
and second-order transverse modes are modulated, and the output
coupling efficiency of the output waveguide can be greatly improved by
introducing the translation of the output waveguide. Single-mode
lasing, dual-mode lasing, and three-mode lasing are experimentally
realized by changing the output waveguide positions. At the optimized
shifted output waveguide position, a microlaser exhibits tunable
single-mode behavior with a maximum output power of 120 µW, a
side-mode suppression ratio of 31 dB, and a linewidth of 42 MHz.
Furthermore, the lasing characteristics of microlasers with different
circular sides are compared.
Roadmap for geometrical optics based on Taylor series expansion of skew ray
Authors: Lin Psang Dain
Published: March 2020

The skew ray

R

¯

n

on the image plane of an optical system possessing n boundary surfaces has the form of an n-layered deep composite function. It is hence difficult to evaluate the system performance using ray tracing alone. The present study therefore uses the Taylor series expansion to expand

R

¯

n

with respect to the source ray variable vector. It is shown that the paraxial ray tracing equations, point spread function, caustic surfaces and modulation transfer function can all be explored using the first-order expansion. Furthermore, the primary and secondary ray aberrations of an axis-symmetrical system can be determined from the third- and fifth-order expansions, respectively. It is thus proposed that the Taylor series expansion of the skew ray serves as a useful basis for exploring a wide variety of problems in geometrical optics.
Suppression of self-absorption effect in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy by employing a Penning-like energy transfer process in helium ambient gas
Authors: Hedwig Rinda , Tanra Ivan , Karnadi Indra , Pardede Marincan , Marpaung Alion Mangasi , Lie Zener Sukra , Kurniawan Koo Hendrik , Suliyanti Maria Margaretha , Lie Tjung Jie , Kagawa Kiichiro
Published: March 2020

A unique approach for achieving total suppression of the self-absorption effect in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been demonstrated employing a previously published technique of laser-induced plasma spectroscopy utilizing a helium (He) metastable excited state (LIPS-He*).This achievement was attained by the use of the He metastable excited state (He*) and a Penning-like energy transfer mechanism for the delayed excitation of the ablated analyte atoms. KCl and NaCl samples showed the disappearance of the self-absorption emission lines of K I 766.4 nm, K I 769.9 nm, Na I 588.9 nm, and Na I 589.5 nm, and the FWHM values of K I 766.4 and Na I 588.9 nm were found to be 0.8 nm and 0.15 nm, respectively, by LIPS-He* as compared to 4.8 nm and 1.4 nm, respectively, by single-laser operation. A standard Al sample also showed the total disappearance of the self-absorption emission lines Al I 394.4 nm and Al I 396.1 nm. The FWHM of Al I 396.1 nm was 0.12 nm when LIPS-He* was employed compared to 0.44 nm when a single laser was used. A remarkable linear calibration line with zero intercepts was also obtained for high-concentration Al samples (87.0%, 93.0% and 99.8%). Thus, it is established that the self-absorption effect can be completely neglected when excitation through He* is employed in LIBS.
On-orbit radiometric calibration of the optical sensors on-board SuperView-1 satellite using three independent methods
Authors: Liu Yao-Kai , Ma Ling-Ling , Wang Ning , Qian Yong-Gang , Zhao Yong-Guang , Qiu Shi , Gao Cai-Xia , Long Xiao-Xiang , Li Chuan-Rong
Published: March 2020

On-orbit radiometric calibration of the optical sensors on-board SuperView-1 satellites is the foundation for further quantitative applications. A field calibration campaign was orchestrated to radiometrically calibrate the SuperView-1 optical sensors at the Baotou calibration site in China during September 2018. Based on the collected datasets, three independent methods (reflectance-based, radiance-based, and cross-calibration) were used to determine the radiometric calibration coefficients of the SuperView-1 optical sensors with multiple permanent artificial calibration targets. Comparisons of the desert top-of-atmosphere radiance calculated based on the coefficients determined with independent methods were analyzed. Comparison results show that the minimum and maximum relative differences of the radiometrically-calibrated desert TOA radiance between the reflectance-based and radiance-based methods are 1.26% and 4.23% for SV0102 and SV0104, respectively. While, the minimum and maximum relative differences of the radiometrically-calibrated desert TOA radiance between the reflectance-based and radiance-based methods are 0.82% and 6.83% for SV0101 and SV0103, respectively. The reasonably good agreement of the radiometrically calibrated coefficients of the SuperView-1 on-board sensors between these independent methods is encouraging. An uncertainty analysis was also discussed, and the results suggest that the overall uncertainties of the predicted TOA radiance are less than 4.5%, 4.0%, and 5.15% for the reflectance-based, radiance-based, and cross-calibration methods, respectively.
High dynamic range spatial mode decomposition
Authors: Jones A. W. , Wang M. , Mow-Lowry C. M. , Freise A.
Published: March 2020

An accurate readout of low-power optical higher-order spatial modes is of increasing importance to the precision metrology community. Mode sensors are used to prevent mode mismatches from degrading quantum and thermal noise mitigation strategies. Direct mode analysis sensors (MODAN) are a promising technology for real-time monitoring of arbitrary higher-order modes. We demonstrate MODAN with photo-diode readout to mitigate the typically low dynamic range of CCDs. We look for asymmetries in the response of our sensor to break degeneracies in the relative alignment of the MODAN and photo-diode and consequently improve the dynamic range of the mode sensor. We provide a tolerance analysis and show methodology that can be applied for sensors beyond first order spatial modes.
Laser-induced suspension of a microbubble in a liquid-filled fiber microcavity for large-range tilt sensing
Authors: Ji Xiang , Liu Yi , Cao Kunjian , Liao Yingying , Li Yan , Qu Shiliang
Published: March 2020

In this Letter, we propose a compact fiber tilt sensor based on a microbubble suspended in a liquid-filled microcavity at the end of a single-mode fiber. By coupling a single-frequency laser with enough power, the microbubble could suspend in the microcavity due to the Marangoni effect, which constitutes a Fabry–Perot interferometer. When the tilt angle changes, the position of the microbubble changes as well, which causes the variation of the dominant frequency of the interference fringes in the spectrum. The experimental results show that the tilt angle sensitivity of the sensor reaches

3.64

×

10

−
4

n
m

−
1

/

D
e
g

at a wide sensing range from

−

45

∘

to 45° with a good repeatability.
Los retos de EKS para 2020
Authors: García-Peñalvo Francisco José
Published: March 2020

Comenzamos el año 2020 y con él el volumen 21 de la revista EKS. Desde este editorial se hace un repaso a los logros conseguidos en el volumen anterior y los retos que se quieren afrontar en el actual.
La educación del siglo XXI y el despertar de las bellas durmientes: una revisión sistemática de la literatura
Authors: Chiappe Andres , Ternent De Samper Ana María , Wills Alejandro Emilio , Restrepo Uribe Ignacio
Published: March 2020

Aunque la educación del siglo XXI ha sido ampliamente debatida y presentada en la literatura, la realidad de las escuelas actuales, especialmente en los países en desarrollo, muestra una imagen muy alejada de lo que debería ser una educación flexible, personalizada, orientada al desarrollo de habilidades blandas y basada en el uso de Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC). Abordar esta situación en detalle sería el primer paso para comprenderla y proporcionar elementos de trabajo concretos para los docentes, los directores escolares y los responsables de la política educativa, especialmente para aquellos que trabajan en contextos educativos adversos. Este artículo presenta una revisión sistemática de literatura centrada en la identificación de ideas clave sobre la educación del siglo XXI como posibles factores de transformación de la actual escuela. La revisión incluyó 780 informes de investigación sobre la educación del siglo XXI, 101 de los cuales fueron leídos en profundidad y analizados cualitativamente. Los resultados revelaron que, si bien la mayoría de las ideas clave relacionadas con la educación del siglo XXI no son completamente nuevas, están floreciendo, como bellas durmientes, con nuevas posibilidades de implementación debido a la evolución del desarrollo tecnológico actual. Algunas de las bellas durmientes educativas a destacar son: las rutas personales de aprendizaje, la enseñanza basada en la investigación, el currículo abierto, flexible y apoyado digitalmente y el aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida.
The Irish Mediation Act 2017: Much done, more to do
Authors: Cheevers Aonghus
Published: March 2020

The Irish Mediation Act 2017 was intended to cement the place of mediation in the civil justice system. A key part of the Act is the regulation of mediation. The Act contains a series of regulatory measures affecting how mediation is practised and organized as a profession. This article shows how the Act has achieved one of these regulatory goals (the regulation of the practice of mediation), while failing to achieve the second (the organization of mediation as a profession). Drawing a comparison with other jurisdictions, the article shows how the failure to fully implement some of the provisions of the Mediation Act 2017 has stymied the development of mediation in Ireland.
Welcome to the IALS Student Law Review
Authors: Yalcin Tugce
Published: March 2020

In this Editorial, Tugce Yalcin (Editor-in-Chief, ISLRev, Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London) welcomes you to the Spring 2020 issue of the IALS Student Law Review and introduces the articles featured in this issue of the journal.
Download a copy of full issue PDF
Authors: Harave Narayana
Published: March 2020

PDF copy of this issue
ENERGY GAIN FROM ERROR-CORRECTING CODING IN CHANNELS WITH GROUPING ERRORS
Authors: Kuznetsov Alexandr , Oleshko Oleg , Kuznetsova Kateryna
Published: March 2020

Abstract. This article explores the a mathematical model of the a data transmission channel with errors grouping. We propose an estimating method for energy gain from coding and energy efficiency of binary codes in channels with grouped errors. The proposed method uses a simplified Bennet and Froelich’s model and allows leading the research of the energy gain from coding for a wide class of data channels without restricting the way of the length distributing the error bursts. The reliability of the obtained results is confirmed by the information of the known results in the theory of error-correcting coding in the simplified variant.
The influence of extrathyroidal extension in development of metastasis in papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Solodkiy Vladimir A. , Fomin Dmitry K. , Galushko Dmitry A. , Asmaryan Hayk G.
Published: March 2020

Background: Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) course and outcome very much depend on prognosis factors. One of the most significant factors is extrathyroidal extension (ETE), which can be local or extensive. In the view of some authors, tumor grow beyond the thyroid capsule is associated with high risk locoregional and distant metastasis, which increase disease recurrence and reduce survival. Some others do not see influence of minimal ETE on disease prognosis, so we need more trials to clarify the role of ETE in PTC.
Aims: To evaluate the ETE role in development of metastasis in PTC patients.
Materials and methods: The study includes 233 patients with PTC who receive treatment in RSCRR. 185 patients had clinical N0 stage, 48 patients were with verified N1a1b. All patients with cN0 underwent thyroidectomy with central neck dissection, patients with N1 thyroidectomy combined with different neck dissections, also superior mediastinal lymphadenectomy if required. Within combination treatment the radioiodine therapy was carried out. The histology evaluated thyroid capsule involvement and lymph node metastasis. Data processing was carried out in a Microsoft Access database, a one-factor dispersion analysis was used for the analysis of the quantitative signs, and a -square criterion was used for qualitative ones. Multifactor analysis was done in SPSS20 program.
Results: Thyroid capsule extension was detected in 111 cases (47.6%), from which 92 were microscopic. 122 patients did not have ETE. The frequency of lymph node metastasis with or without ETE was 62.2% and35.8% respectively, which is significantly more often (р = 0.000, 2 = 21.342). In microscopic and macroscopic extension regional metastasis were 56.5% and 94.7%, distant metastasis 1.1 and 21% respectively. Statistically significant, the ETE was more prevalent in non-encapsulated tumor cases (р = 0.000, 2=15.122), and if the tumor size was more than 1cm (р = 0.026, 2 = 7.293). Only 41% of patients with cN0 had ETE, and patients with N1 72.9%, which is statistically significant (р = 0.000, 2 = 14.235).
Conclusion: ETE is a predictor of PTC metastasis. The presence of ETE requires the necessity to apply the more aggressive treatment of PTC including thyroidectomy with central neck dissection and radioiodine therapy. Gross ETE significantly increases the risk of regional together with distant metastasis.
Apresentação
Authors: Campos Vanessa T. Bueno , Almeida Maria Isabel de
Published: March 2020

Apresentação do Dossiê O caminho se faz caminhando: formação docente no fazer e refazer da práxis pedagógica - v. 27, n. 1 (jan./abr. 2020)
A RATIONAL METHOD FOR COMPUTATION OF CABLE STRUCTURES
Authors: Phung Thang Ba , Nguyen Lai Tuong
Published: March 2020

Cable structures are widely used in practical construction due to its advantages of light weight, high strength which allow to build large span structures with nice view. The classical theory cable formulated from force balance equation of single cable, that is nonlinear; therefore, to determine displacement, deformation and tension forces of the cable we need to provide cable dip or horizontal tension force and use iteration calculation. This paper presents a new method for computation of flexible cable subjected to different loading pattern including concentrated force, distributed forces, pretension force, temperature variation. By application of the Gaussian Extreme Principle method, which developed by Prof. Drs. Ha Huy Cuong, to formulate and solve nonlinear equation system of cable structures, which ensured forces balancing as well as continuity of displacements and deformations of cable structures. This method allows for simultaneous determination of displacement, deformation and tension forces of cable structure without any other additional hypothesis, which is different from present cable theory. Numerical examples with simple, flexible cables subjected to different loadings have indicated the simplicity, accuracy and stability of the proposed method.
COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH FOR ESTIMATING HYGRIC PROPERTIES OF HETEROGENEOUS MATERIALS IN LONG-TERM ASSESSMENT OF MOISTURE-INDUCED DAMAGE
Authors: Kočí Václav , Maděra Jiří , Černý Robert
Published: March 2020

Long-term assessment of degradation processes is a very useful tool for an analysis of building materials performance. Since computational techniques are mostly used for this purpose, hygric properties of involved materials are required as substantial input data. Unfortunately, some construction details or heterogeneous materials have to be solved by means of multi-dimensional modelling which is demanding on computing power and thus the calculations may take a lot of time. The presented paper aims at determination of effective hygric properties of heterogeneous materials which would allow one-dimensional transformation. The parameter identification process is carried out on the basis of results of multi-dimensional modeling, using genetic algorithms. The main objective is to find such effective global moisture transport and accumulation functions that provide in one-dimensional modeling as similar results to multidimensional modeling as possible. The obtained functions give a very good agreement; the investigated relative humidity profiles differ only by 1.48 percentage points in average. The correctness of obtained results is also verified using the Lichtenecker's mixing rule as homogenization technique. The transformation of the original multidimensional problem into one-dimensional is found to substantially contribute to minimization of computational time, which is reduced from weeks to minutes.
SUSTAINABLE NITROGEN REMOVAL USING APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Maillacheruvu Krishnanand , Hartmann Derek
Published: March 2020

Nitrogen and phosphorus are two major pollutants that lead to eutrophication, adversely impact ecosystems, and lead to degradation of water quality, which impacts human health and sustainability. Pollution from point sources like wastewater and industry discharge is easier to control than non-point source pollution due to agricultural runoff and related activities. The USEPA is considering more strict standards for nitrogen and phosphorus discharge from point sources. The objective of this study was to use an appropriate low-cost wastewater technology to demonstrate removal of nitrogen from wastewater discharge using rotating biological contactors (RBCs) using different C:N ratios. The first-order nitrogen removal rate constant was found to be about 3.88 day-1 in experimental reactor systems, using RBC media from a local wastewater treatment plant (Greater Peoria Sanitary District). Phase I experiments, at C:N ratio of 2:1, with nitrogen removal rates of 60% in a single flow-through system. Phase II experiments for the limited carbon availability condition showed that the removal rate constant reduced by 30% and N-removal efficiency dropped to around 48%. Modeling showed that even under these conditions, multiple bioreactors operated in series could help achieve design treatment goals. The system achieved stability within a week of operation. Economics and sustainability issues are analyzed to determine if the process developed in this research is scalable to pilot-and full-scale conditions.
PROGRAM-FOR RESULTS: AN ANALYSIS OF PROCUREMENT STRATEGIES
Authors: Zahran Kareem , Ezeldin A. Samer
Published: March 2020

In year 2012, the World Bank responded to the continuous demand from borrowing countries to offer a results-based financing mechanism by introducing the Program-for-Results (P4R) mechanism. There are four main characteristics that define the framework of applying P4R; namely, (1) it supports borrowers’ programs, (2) offers disbursements against agreed results, (3) focuses on strengthening institutions that support the success of the program and (4) ensures supported programs serve social and environmental aspects. These characteristics are all translated into Disbursement Linked Indicators that are agreed between the WB and the borrowing country, prior to the implementation of program. DLIs are classified into several result-areas, according to their overall aim, such as (1) direct result areas that are directly related to the main aim of the program through the achievement of pre-agreed projects or tasks and (2) Indirect result areas that support the continuity of the achieved results, through supporting relevant institutions. This research analyzes the relations between such characteristics and their effects on the results of the program, through an evaluation of previous P4R operations. This is accomplished through an evaluation of the selected types of DLIs in different countries for different sectors. It also analyzes the types of indirect DLIs and their relation to the main Program Development Objective. The paper includes a detailed case study on the Sustainable Rural Sanitation Services Program in Egypt.
FRAMEWORK OF A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR APPLYING PROGRAM-FOR-RESULTS FUNDING MECHANISM
Authors: Zahran Kareem , Ezeldin A. Samer
Published: March 2020

Following the introduction of the Program-For-Results funding mechanism, in year 2012, The World Bank’s Board of Executive Directors requested a follow-up review of the instrument to be performed two years later. A report titled “Program-For-Results: Two-Year Review” was issued by the operations policy and country services department in the World Bank. One of the main conclusions of the report is the lack of knowledge and experience of the stakeholders involved in the application of the Program-For-Results (P4R) funding mechanism. This leads to the need for further guidance and support for future P4R operations. This research aims to fill the gap between any in-pipeline programs planned to be financed through P4R and previous experiences within the same sector or financing mechanism. It is planned to summarize all P4R experiences to-date and other sectoral experiences in a detailed framework that guides new governments through the life-cycle of P4R. This is achieved by developing the main framework of a Decision Support System (DSS) that guides governments/decision makers throughout the lifetime of the P4R program. It provides guidance for the government in each stage of the P4R starting from the borrowing preparation stage up to the closing stage.
SIMILARITY ASSESSMENT OF COUNTRIES TO FACILITATE LEARNING FROM INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
Authors: Ozyurt Beste , Bilgin Gozde , Dikmen Irem , Birgonul M. Talat
Published: March 2020

Companies’ ability to learn from projects is a source of competitive advantage in project-based industries. Learning from experiences in international markets is particularly important for global contractors so that the right bidding strategy can be developed, effective project governance systems can be established, and similar mistakes are not repeated. In this study, we assert that countries can be clustered according to their similarity so that experiences gained in these markets can be transferred and adapted to forthcoming projects. Thus, similarity factors to be used for clustering of countries can be identified, and a methodology can be developed to store, retrieve and reuse country-related information in international construction projects. In this paper, we report the factors identified for similarity assessment of countries to be used to facilitate learning from projects. As a result of literature review, interviews with experts and an online questionnaire administered to company professionals who have international construction experience, 12 factors have been identified for clustering of countries. As a result of ranking analysis; factors of “development level of and culture in the construction industry”, “political condition of the country” and “financial condition of the country” are obtained as the most important factors. The identified factors will be explained and how the clustering of countries can help companies to extract valuable information from previous experiences will be discussed.
INTERACTION STRENGTH FOR CHS-TO-LONGITUDINAL PLATE JOINTS UNDER AXIAL LOAD AND IN-PLANE BENDING MOMENT
Authors: Lee Hee-Du , Lee Swoo-Heon , Chu Da-Som , Shin Hye-Min , Shin Kyung-Jae , Kim Hong-Jin , Kim Woo-Bum
Published: March 2020

The circular hollow section (CHS) has lots of advantages in excellent structural properties, architecturally attractive features. Thus, CHSs are used extensively in many applications in buildings, bridges, towers, and offshore. In CHS, it is necessary to understand the various complex shape of CHS joint because loads act simultaneously according to joint type. The use of high-strength steel has been continuously increased, but the current design equation in AISC 2011 or KBC 2016 limits maximum yield strength 360 MPa. This paper studies an interaction strength of high-strength CHS-to-longitudinal plate X-joint subjected to combination of plate axial load and in-plane bending moment. For the study, numerical analysis based on experimental tests was carried out. The analysis was performed according to variables for determining shape of joint, i.e., chord slenderness, plate width-to-CHS diameter ratio, and utilization ratio. Investigations have shown that a linear summation of the ratios for axial load and in-plane bending moment may be used as conservative approximation.
ON THE USE OF EXPERIMENTAL TESTING IN RC BUILDING STRUCTURES UNDER CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Buitrago Manuel , Adam Jose M. , Calderón Pedro A. , Moragues Juan J.
Published: March 2020

The current methods of building reinforced concrete (RC) structures have their origins in the first half of the 20th century. In the early stages, not a great deal of attention was paid to their behaviour under construction and not a lot was known about how loads were transmitted between shores and slabs. This meant that in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, there arose an interest in finding out how building structures behaved in the construction stage, and led to a large number of numerical and experimental studies being carried out. This paper gives a chronological account of the different experimental studies on the construction of RC building structures, together with a detailed research history of ICITECH, which in recent years has been a leader in this field, especially in the use of clearing (partial striking). This compilation of all the experimental studies sets out the objectives of each one, the results obtained, the advances achieved, and how each of them has contributed to the scientific community’s present level of knowledge on the behavior of buildings under construction. Another objective of this paper is to make readers aware of the advances that have made it possible for this knowledge to be effectively applied to the construction of new buildings.