bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vasculogenesis in the day 6.5 to 9.5 mouse embryo
Authors: Drake Christopher J. , Fleming Paul A.
Published: October 2019

The process of vasculogenesis was characterized in the 6.5- to 9.5-day mouse embryo and in allantoic culture by analysis of spatial and temporal expression patterns of the endothelial or hematopoietic lineage-associated proteins, TAL1, Flk1, platelet/endothelial cell adhision molecule (PECAM), CD34, VE-cadherin, and Tie2. The study establishes that: (1) TAL1 and Flk1 are coexpressed in isolated mesodermal cells that give rise to endothelial cells and thus can be defined as angioblasts; (2) hematopoietic cells of blood islands express TAL1, but not Flk1; (3) vasculogenesis in the embryo proper is initiated by mesoderm fated to give rise to the endocardium; (4) the maturation/morphogenesis of blood vessels can be defined in terms of a sequential pattern of expression in which TAL1 and Flk1 are expressed first followed by PECAM, CD34, VE-cadherin, and later Tie2; and (5) TAL1 expression is down-regulated in endothelial cells of mature vessels.
Inhibition of degranulation and interleukin-6 production in mast cells derived from mice deficient in protein kinase Cβ
Authors: Nechushtan Hovav , Leitges Michael , Cohen Cellina , Kay Gillian , Razin Ehud
Published: October 2019

The antigen-mediated activation of mast cells by means of IgE antibodies bound to the cell surface leads to direct interactions between FcɛRI receptor cytoplasmic domains and various intracellular proteins. These interactions initiate diverse signal-transduction pathways, and the activation of these pathways results in the immediate release of proinflammatory agents. A delayed response also occurs and includes the release of various cytokines. It is clear that the activation of kinases is a requirement for the exocytosis observed in mast cells. In addition to the tyrosine phosphorylation of the affected system by soluble tyrosine kinases, activity of protein kinase C (PKC) results in serine or threonine phosphorylation of multiple protein substrates. In this study, we found that mast cells derived from PKCβ-deficient mice produce less interleukin 6 in response to IgE-Ag. The inhibition of exocytosis in the PKCβ-deficient mast cells occurred whether the stimuli were due to the aggregation of the mast cell surface FcɛRI or to the calcium ionophore, ionomycin. However, no significant changes were observed in the proliferative response of the mast cells to interleukin 3 (IL-3) or in their apoptotic rate after IL-3 depletion.
Volume control in sickle cells is facilitated by the novel anion conductance inhibitor NS1652
Authors: Bennekou Poul , Pedersen Ove , Møller Arne , Christophersen Palle
Published: October 2019

A low cation conductance and a high anion conductance are characteristic of normal erythrocytes. In sickle cell anemia, the polymerization of hemoglobin S (HbS) under conditions of low oxygen tension is preceded by an increase in cation conductance. This increase in conductance is mediated in part through Ca++-activated K+ channels. A net efflux of potassium chloride (KCl) leads to a decrease in intracellular volume, which in turn increases the rate of HbS polymerization. Treatments minimizing the passive transport of ions and solvent to prevent such volume depletion might include inhibitors targeting either the Ca++-activated K+ channel or the anion conductance. NS1652 is an anion conductance inhibitor that has recently been developed. In vitro application of this compound lowers the net KCl loss from deoxygenated sickle cells from about 12 mmol/L cells/h to about 4 mmol/L cells/h, a value similar to that observed in oxygenated cells. Experiments performed in mice demonstrate that NS1652 is well tolerated and decreases red cell anion conductance in vivo.
Eotaxin induces degranulation and chemotaxis of eosinophils through the activation of ERK2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases
Authors: Kampen Gita T. , Stafford Susan , Adachi Tetsuya , Jinquan Tan , Quan Sha , Grant J. Andrew , Skov Per S. , Poulsen Lars K. , Alam Rafeul
Published: October 2019

Eotaxin and other CC chemokines acting via CC chemokine receptor-3 (CCR3) are believed to play an integral role in the development of eosinophilic inflammation in asthma and allergic inflammatory diseases. However, little is known about the intracellular events following agonist binding to CCR3 and the relationship of these events to the functional response of the cell. The objectives of this study were to investigate CCR3-mediated activation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2 (ERK2), p38, and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in eosinophils and to assess the requirement for MAP kinases in eotaxin-induced eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) release and chemotaxis. MAP kinase activation was studied in eotaxin-stimulated eosinophils (more than 97% purity) by Western blotting and immune-complex kinase assays. ECP release was measured by radioimmunoassay. Chemotaxis was assessed using Boyden microchambers. Eotaxin (10−11 to 10−7 mol/L) induced concentration-dependent phosphorylation of ERK2 and p38. Phosphorylation was detectable after 30 seconds, peaked at about 1 minute, and returned to baseline after 2 to 5 minutes. Phosphorylation of JNK above baseline could not be detected. The kinase activity of ERK2 and p38 paralleled phosphorylation. PD980 59, an inhibitor of the ERK2-activating enzyme MEK (MAP ERK kinase), blocked phosphorylation of ERK2 in a concentration-dependent manner. The functional relevance of ERK2 and p38 was studied using PD98 059 and the p38 inhibitor SB202 190. PD98 059 and SB202 190 both caused inhibition of eotaxin-induced ECP release and chemotaxis. We conclude that eotaxin induces a rapid concentration-dependent activation of ERK2 and p38 in eosinophils and that the activation of these MAP kinases is required for eotaxin-stimulated degranulation and directed locomotion.
Rifampicin-dependent antibodies bind a similar or identical epitope to glycoprotein IX–specific quinine-dependent antibodies
Authors: Burgess Janette K. , Lopez Jose A. , Gaudry Leonie E. , Chong Beng H.
Published: October 2019

The drug-dependent antibody of a patient with rifampicin-induced thrombocytopenia was characterized using the antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAIPA assay), flow cytometry, and immunoprecipitation. The antibody was found to bind glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX but not GPIIb-IIIa because (1) it immunoprecipitated drug-dependently the former but not the latter glycoprotein complex and (2) the MAIPA assay showed strong rifampicin-dependent antibody binding when anti-GPIb-IX monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (AK2 and FMC25) but not anti-GPIIb-IIIa mAbs (AP2, SZ21, and SZ22) were used to capture the antigen. The antibody binding site was further localized to the GPIX subunit of the GPIb-IX complex because flow cytometric analysis revealed drug-dependent antibody binding to L cells transfected with human GPIbβ and GPIX complementary DNA (L βIX cells) but not with human GPIb and GPIbβ complementary DNA (L β cells). Finally, in the MAIPA assay, the rifampicin-dependent antibody almost completely cross-blocked the binding of the anti-GPIX mAb (SZ1) to platelets. Similar cross-blocking of SZ1binding to platelets by the quinine-dependent antibodies was also observed. This finding not only confirms that the epitope of the rifampicin-dependent antibody is on GPIX but it is also identical to or located in close proximity to that of the quinine-dependent antibody and SZ1. Further characterization of the epitopes of these antibodies may have important implications for a general understanding of the mechanism of drug-induced thrombocytopenia.
Inducible loss of NF-κB activity is associated with apoptosis and Bcl-2 down-regulation in Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B lymphocytes
Authors: Feuillard Jean , Schuhmacher Marino , Kohanna Sylvie , Asso–Bonnet Marianne , Ledeur Frédérique , Joubert–Caron Raymonde , Bissières Philippe , Polack Axel , Bornkamm Georg W. , Raphaël Martine
Published: October 2019

The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-encoded latent membrane protein-1 induces NF-κB activity by targeting IκBα. To understand the role of NF-κB activation in EBV-related oncogenesis, we have subcloned mutated IκBα32/36A cDNA into a pHEBo vector containing doxycycline regulatory sequences and stably transfected this construct into a lymphoblastoid cell line. Two tightly regulated clones were obtained in which IκBα32/36A was inducible in a doxycycline dose-dependent manner. Levels of inducible IκBα32/36A peaked at day 2. Inhibition of NF-κB activity was closely correlated with levels of inducible IκBα32/36A. Levels of 3 well-known NF-κB-dependent genes, CD54, p105, and endogenous IκBα, were decreased when IκBα32/36A was induced, and the growth of IκBα32/36A-induced EBV-infected cells was slightly reduced. Loss of NF-κB activity was associated with decreased Bcl-2 protein levels. Finally, the induction of apoptosis was strongly increased in IκBα32/36A-overexpressing cells. Together these results show that it is possible to control IκBα32/36A levels, ie, NF-κB activity, in EBV-infected B-lymphocytes using a doxycycline-inducible vector. Moreover, our results indicate that NF-κB can protect EBV-infected cells from apoptosis by Bcl-2. Finally, our results suggest that a cellular model with doxycycline-inducible IκBα32/36A may be useful in the identification of genuine NF-κB target genes in EBV-infected B cells.
A Fas-based suicide switch in human T cells for the treatment of graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Thomis Daniel C. , Marktel Sarah , Bonini Chiara , Traversari Catia , Gilman Michael , Bordignon Claudio , Clackson Tim
Published: October 2019

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. One strategy to treat GVHD is to equip donor T cells with a conditional suicide mechanism that can be triggered when GVHD occurs. The herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk)/ganciclovir system used clinically has several limitations, including immunogenicity and cell cycle dependence. An alternative switch based on chemically inducible apoptosis was designed and evaluated. A chimeric human protein was expressed comprising an extracellular marker (ΔLNGFR), the Fas intracellular domain, and 2 copies of an FK506-binding protein (FKBP). Primary human T lymphocytes retrovirally transduced with this construct could be purified to homogeneity using immunomagnetic beads. Genetic integrity of the construct was ensured by redesigning repetitive sequences. Transduced T cells behaved indistinguishably from untransduced cells, retaining the ability to mount a specific antiallogeneic immune response. However, they rapidly underwent apoptosis with the addition of subnanomolar concentrations of AP1903, a bivalent “dimerizer” drug that binds FKBP and induces Fas cross-linking. A single 2-hour treatment eliminated approximately 80% of T cells, and multiple exposures induced further apoptosis. T cells were eliminated regardless of their proliferation state, suggesting that the AP1903/Fas system, which contains only human components, is a promising alternative to HSV-tk for treating GVHD.
Correlating elements content in mosses collected in 2015 across Germany with spatially associated characteristics of sampling sites and their surroundings
Authors: Nickel Stefan , Schröder Winfried
Published: October 2019

Background

The aim of the study was a statistical evaluation of the statistical relevance of potentially explanatory variables (atmospheric deposition, meteorology, geology, soil, topography, sampling, vegetation structure, land-use density, population density, potential emission sources) correlated with the content of 12 heavy metals and nitrogen in mosses collected from 400 sites across Germany in 2015. Beyond correlation analysis, regression analysis was performed using two methods: random forest regression and multiple linear regression in connection with commonality analysis.

Results

The strongest predictor for the content of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and N in mosses was the sampled species. In 2015, the atmospheric deposition showed a lower predictive power compared to earlier campaigns. The mean precipitation (2013–2015) is a significant factor influencing the content of Cd, Pb and Zn in moss samples. Altitude (Cu, Hg and Ni) and slope (Cd) are the strongest topographical predictors. With regard to 14 vegetation structure measures studied, the distance to adjacent tree stands is the strongest predictor (Cd, Cu, Hg, Zn, N), followed by the tree layer height (Cd, Hg, Pb, N), the leaf area index (Cd, N, Zn), and finally the coverage of the tree layer (Ni, Cd, Hg). For forests, the spatial density in radii 100–300 km predominates as significant predictors for Cu, Hg, Ni and N. For the urban areas, there are element-specific different radii between 25 and 300 km (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, N) and for agricultural areas usually radii between 50 and 300 km, in which the respective land use is correlated with the element contents. The population density in the 50 and 100 km radius is a variable with high explanatory power for all elements except Hg and N.

Conclusions

For Europe-wide analyses, the population density and the proportion of different land-use classes up to 300 km around the moss sampling sites are recommended.
Complex and dynamic transcriptional changes allow the helminth Fasciola gigantica to adjust to its intermediate snail and definitive mammalian hosts
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Xuan , Cwiklinski Krystyna , Hu Rui-Si , Zheng Wen-Bin , Sheng Zhao-An , Zhang Fu-Kai , Elsheikha Hany M. , Dalton John P. , Zhu Xing-Quan
Published: October 2019

Background

The tropical liver fluke, Fasciola gigantica causes fasciolosis, an important disease of humans and livestock. We characterized dynamic transcriptional changes associated with the development of the parasite in its two hosts, the snail intermediate host and the mammalian definitive host.

Results

Differential gene transcription analysis revealed 7445 unigenes transcribed by all F. gigantica lifecycle stages, while the majority (n = 50,977) exhibited stage-specific expression. Miracidia that hatch from eggs are highly transcriptionally active, expressing a myriad of genes involved in pheromone activity and metallopeptidase activity, consistent with snail host finding and invasion. Clonal expansion of rediae within the snail correlates with increased expression of genes associated with transcription, translation and repair. All intra-snail stages (miracidia, rediae and cercariae) require abundant cathepsin L peptidases for migration and feeding and, as indicated by their annotation, express genes putatively involved in the manipulation of snail innate immune responses. Cercariae emerge from the snail, settle on vegetation and become encysted metacercariae that are infectious to mammals; these remain metabolically active, transcribing genes involved in regulation of metabolism, synthesis of nucleotides, pH and endopeptidase activity to assure their longevity and survival on pasture. Dramatic growth and development following infection of the mammalian host are associated with high gene transcription of cell motility pathways, and transport and catabolism pathways. The intra-mammalian stages temporally regulate key families of genes including the cathepsin L and B proteases and their trans-activating peptidases, the legumains, during intense feeding and migration through the intestine, liver and bile ducts. While 70% of the F. gigantica transcripts share homology with genes expressed by the temperate liver fluke Fasciola hepatica, gene expression profiles of the most abundantly expressed transcripts within the comparable lifecycle stages implies significant species-specific gene regulation.

Conclusions

Transcriptional profiling of the F. gigantica lifecycle identified key metabolic, growth and developmental processes the parasite undergoes as it encounters vastly different environments within two very different hosts. Comparative analysis with F. hepatica provides insight into the similarities and differences of these parasites that diverged > 20 million years ago, crucial for the future development of novel control strategies against both species.
Oxytocin levels in low-risk primiparas following breast stimulation for spontaneous onset of labor: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Takahata Kaori , Horiuchi Shigeko , Tadokoro Yuriko , Sawano Erika , Shinohara Kazuyuki
Published: October 2019

Background

Breast stimulation is performed to self-induce labor. However, there are apparently no reports on hormonal evaluation during stimulation for consecutive days in relation to induction effect. We evaluated the salivary oxytocin level following 3 consecutive days of own breast stimulation for 1 h each day compared with no breast stimulation.

Methods

We used a quasi-experimental design. The participants were low-risk primiparas between 38 and 39 gestational weeks. Eight saliva samples per participant were collected at preintervention and 30, 60, and 75 min postintervention on the first and third days. The primary outcome was change in the salivary oxytocin level on the third day after 3 consecutive days of breast stimulation for 1 h each day compared with no breast stimulation. The secondary outcomes were the rate of spontaneous labor onset and negative events including uterine hyperstimulation and abnormal fetal heart rate.

Results

Between February and September 2016, 42 women were enrolled into the intervention group (n = 22) or control group (n = 20). As there were differences in the basal oxytocin levels between the 2 groups, to estimate the change in the oxytocin level from baseline, we used a linear mixed model with a first-order autoregressive (AR1) covariance structure. The dependent variable was change in the oxytocin level from baseline. The independent variables were gestational weeks on the first day of intervention, age, education, rs53576 and rs2254298, group, time point, and interaction of group and time. After Bonferroni correction, the estimated change in the mean oxytocin level at 30 min on the third day was significantly higher in the intervention group (M = 20.2 pg/mL, SE = 26.2) than in the control group (M = − 44.4 pg/mL, SE = 27.3; p = 0.018). There was no significant difference in the rate of spontaneous labor onset. Although there were no adverse events during delivery, uterine tachysystole occurred in 1 case during the intervention.

Conclusions

The estimated change in the mean oxytocin level was significantly higher 30 min after breast stimulation on the third day. Thus, consecutive breast stimulation increased the salivary oxytocin level. Repeated stimulations likely increase the oxytocin level.

Trial registration

UMIN000020797 (University Hospital Medical Information Network; Prospective trial registered: January 29, 2016).
The meaning of working in a person-centred way in nursing homes: a phenomenological-hermeneutical study
Authors: Vassbø Tove K. , Kirkevold Marit , Edvardsson David , Sjögren Karin , Lood Qarin , Bergland Ådel
Published: October 2019

Background

The present study aims to illuminate the meaning of working in a person-centred way as experienced by staff in nursing homes. Insights into what working in a person-centred way mean for nursing home staff may contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of what gives staff satisfaction in their work and support further development of person-centred care approach in nursing homes.

Methods

Interviews with 29 health care personnel who had participated in a one-year intervention focusing on person-centred care and thriving in three nursing homes in Australia, Norway and Sweden were performed, and a phenomenological-hermeneutical method was used to explore staffs’ lived experiences of working in a person-centred way in nursing homes.

Results

For nursing home staff, working in a person-centred way meant that they were able to meet individual resident’s needs and expressed preferences in close family-like relationships, understanding the residents’ rhythms and preferences as the basis of the daily work plans and being able to do ‘the little extra’ for residents. Also, working in a person-centred way meant meeting shared goals by working towards a collective practice in collaborative teams. As a whole, the staffs’ lived experiences of working in a person-centred way in nursing homes was interpreted to mean thriving at work as a psychological state in which individuals experience both a sense of vitality and learning.

Conclusions

Working in a person-centred way means staff thriving at work in nursing homes. The results further indicate that delivering care by only focusing on routines and practical tasks and not on residents’ preferences and well-being would inhibit thriving among nursing staff, leading to the potential for dissatisfaction with work.
Methylation estimates the risk of precancer in HPV-infected women with discrepant results between cytology and HPV16/18 genotyping
Authors:   FRIDA Study Group, Hernández-López Rubí , Lorincz Attila T. , Torres-Ibarra Leticia , Reuter Caroline , Scibior-Bentkowska Dorota , Warman Rhian , Nedjai Belinda , Mendiola-Pastrana Indira , León-Maldonado Leith , Rivera-Paredez Berenice , Ramírez-Palacios Paula , Lazcano-Ponce Eduardo , Cuzick Jack , Salmerón Jorge
Published: October 2019

Background

Vigilant management of women with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) is necessary in cancer screening programs. To this end, we evaluated the performance of S5 (targeting DNA methylation in HPV16, HPV18, HPV31, HPV33, and human gene EPB41L3) to predict cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or higher (CIN2+) in a sample of hrHPV-infected women referred to colposcopy in the FRIDA Study, a large screening trial in Mexico. A nested case-control sample with women referred to colposcopy either by atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or higher (ASCUS+) in cytology and/or positive for HPV types 16 or 18 was tested by S5. Seventy-nine cases of CIN2+ were age-matched to 237 controls without a diagnosis of CIN2+ (<CIN2). DNA from exfoliated cervical cells was bisulfite converted and PCR amplified for S5 targets, and methylation was quantified at specific cytosines by pyrosequencing.

Results

The S5 classifier separated women with CIN2+ from <CIN2 with a highly significant area under the curve (AUC) of 0.75 (95% CI 0.69–0.82), while AUC for CIN3+ was 0.81 (95% CI 0.74–0.89). To optimize sensitivity and specificity for Mexico, an alternative S5 cutoff of 3.7 was implemented to account for overall higher methylation seen in our already triaged women. All three invasive cancers were detected by methylation or HPV16/18 but none by cytology. Sensitivity of S5 for CIN2+ was 62% (95% CI 50.4–72.7%), specificity was 73% (95% CI 66.9–78.5%), and adjusted PPV was 15.1% (95% CI 12.0–18.3%). In contrast, the crude sensitivity of HPV16/18 detection and cytology were 63.3% (95% CI 51.7–73.9%) and 57.0% (95% CI 45.3–68.1%) respectively; specificity was 29.1% (95% CI 23.4–35.3%) and 62.4% (95% CI 55.9–68.6%) respectively, while adjusted PPV was 6.4% (95% CI 4.9–8.1%) and 10.5% (95% CI 8.0–13.1%), respectively. Methylation testing could reduce colposcopy referrals by 30 to 50% with virtually no loss of sensitivity for CIN2+ and CIN3+.

Conclusions

S5 testing on hrHPV-positive women significantly increased diagnostic information compared to triage by HPV16/18 plus cytology and appears to have clinical utility as an additional test to substantially lessen burdens on colposcopy.

Trial registration

The FRIDA Study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02510027.
Funding the fiscal commons: does a larger share of rich citizens hasten or delay the trip to default?
Authors: Lipford Jody W. , Yandle Bruce
Published: October 2019

In recent decades, the US fiscal condition has been characterised by high and rising debt. On a fiscal commons in which citizen-voters attempt, through their congressional representatives, to minimise tax payments, this is the expected outcome. In this article, we examine the effects of a tax policy that has concentrated tax liability on the upper end of the income distribution in light of another important trend: rapid growth in the higher-income segment of the income distribution. We find that growth in the higher-income segment of the income distribution – more people paying higher taxes – has made the tragedy of the fiscal commons less severe and slowed the pace to a possible ultimate default.
KIGS demographic studies
Authors: Albertson-Wikland K.
Published: October 2019

The eighth kigs report (international growth study by Kabi Pharmacy) is based on an analysis of the treatment outcomes of 7,083 children from 18 countries. Of these, 3380 had idiopathic growth hormone deficiency (IGN), 1111 - IGN due to organic lesions and 2592 - other causes of stunting. All the children were at different schemes of injection of growth hormone. The duration of treatment in idiopathic DISEASE averaged 3.5 years, in organic disorders-4 years, with other types of stunting-3.3 years. At the beginning of treatment, all children had low growth: -2.7 SDS (Tanner standards) in idiopathic GAMES, -2.2 SDS in organic GAMES (-1.75 SDS in brain tumors, -1.8 SDS in leukemia), -2.9 SDS with other types of stunting. The average age of children in all groups before treatment was about 10 years. The growth rate before treatment was low compared to healthy children of the same age. In most cases (95 %) growth hormone treatment was carried out daily or 6 times a week, while the dose of the hormone administered in different countries varied significantly (from 0.4 to 0.7 u/kg per week). Subsequent analysis of the KIGS database will help to see how these differences will affect growth rates and the end result of treatment.
Growth hormone level during stimulation test and efficacy of growth hormone therapy of idiopathically undersized children with this hormone insufficiency
Authors: Ranke M. B. , Gilbod O.
Published: October 2019

For the first time, a broad study of the effectiveness of treatment with growth hormone (GH) in patients with varying degrees of impaired secretion of GH is undertaken. In this work, 885 patients of pre-pubertal age who received treatment for 1 year were examined. All children were given 2 standard tests with stimulation of the secretion of GH. The following diagnoses were established: idiopathic insufficiency of GH (classification number 1.1) or idiopathic stunting (3.1). Patients were divided into groups depending on the maximum release of GH during sampling: A - in both samples 5 ng/ml, B - in one sample 5 ng/ml, in another - 5-10 ng/ml, C - in both samples 5-10 ng/ml, D - in one sample 5-10 ng/ml, in another - 10 ng/ml, E - in both samples 10 ng/ml.anthropometric indicators, main parameters of therapy and results of treatment of GY were evaluated in all developed model (expected RESULTS). According to the study, patients with the most severe GH deficiency (group A) had better treatment outcomes, while the other groups were almost identical. The division of group A into a subgroup with isolated GH deficiency and a subgroup with deficiency of other tropic hormones (hypopituitarism) showed that in the first subgroup the growth of parents was significantly lower. Thus, despite the fact that standard samples with stimulation of GH can be used to diagnose the insufficiency of GH, the results of these samples do not always allow to predict the effectiveness of treatment of GH for 1 year. It should also be noted that the shortness of the parents, especially the growth of the mother, may indicate the presence of an additional hereditary factor in the Genesis of shortness in these patients.
Genotropin therapy of children with growth hormone deficiency
Authors: Kasatkina E. P. , Sokolovskaya V. N. , Mursankova N. M. , Ibraghimov G. V.
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to the issue of the genotropin therapy of children with growth hormone deficiency.
Efficacy of program for treatment and training of patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Starostina Ye. G. , Antsiferov M. B. , Galstyan G. R. , Dedov I. I.
Published: October 2019

The authors analyze the results of comprehensive, prospective, controlled investigation of the program for intensive care and training of 121 patients with insulindependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The basic principles of the program are training on a teams basis, intensive insulin therapy, automonitoring of metabolism, and liberal diet. The results demonstrate that glycemia level approaching the normal may be attained and maintained in the majority of patients without increasing the risk of grave hypoglycemia, cases with severe diabetic ketoacidosis may be eliminated, and periods of temporary invalidity of patients reduced by 7-10 times. The selected training program was equally effective for patients of various age groups and levels of education, as well as for patients with labile diabetes. Results of treatment did not depend on the type of insulin preparations used. The authors conclude on a higher efficacy of new strategy of IDDM treatment in comparison with the traditional approaches.
Analysis of the quality of primary health pare rendered to patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Antsiferov M. B. , Starostina E. G. , Galstyan G. R. , Dedov I. I.
Published: October 2019

A prospective follow-up of a random sample of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus revealed a marked decompensation of carbohydrate metabolism in 98% of the examinees, a high incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis, a long duration of temporary invalidity, and poor adherence of patients to medical recommendations. Assessment of primary health care rendered to patients with type 1 diabetes at district outpatient clinics of Moscow demonstrated its poor efficacy and a necessity to improve the level of specialized diabetologic care.
Gestagens and heart
Authors: Karachentsev A. N. , Sergeev P. V. , Matyushin A. I.
Published: October 2019

The use of gestagen hormones (progestogens, progestogens, progestins) in modern medicine is mainly based on their effect on the reproductive sphere of the female body, including menstrual dysfunction (luteal phase of the cycle), contraception, pregnancy support, correction of hormonal homeostasis during menopause, antitumor activity in some hormone-dependent oncological diseases. The presence of antiandrogenic properties in a number of progestogens (C21-derivatives), which have found application as antihormonal therapy for certain endocrine diseases in women (hirsutism) and for malignant neoplasms of the male genital organs, should be highlighted. The variety of influences exerted by natural gestagen hormones and their synthetic analogs on the human body also encompasses a change in their action of cardiovascular activity. Moreover, according to some authors, the heart and large vessels are the targets of the action of gestagens. It is assumed that a change in the hormonal characteristics of the female body during the normal menstrual cycle does not cause existing changes in the reactivity of the cardiovascular system. However, fluctuations in cardioactive and vasoactive parameters can be observed even with physiological differences in the level of endogenous progestogens and estrogens (menstrual cycle, pregnancy, menopause). The greatest severity of maladaptation phenomena in cardiac activity (according to the mathematical analysis of cardiointervalograms) was revealed precisely at peak concentrations of female sex hormones within the estrous cycle - in the phases of proestrus and metaestrus. During menopause and postmenopause, when the cardioprotective effect of endogenous estrogens and gestagens is significantly reduced, a violation of cardiac and vasomotor activity can be detected, often requiring hormone replacement therapy with estrogen-gestagen drugs.
Institutions, Games and Economic Theory
Authors: Diamond Douglas W.
Published: October 2019

This article describes some of the amazing insights developed by Martin Shubik about the economics of money, trading and liquidity by commenting on his 2016 book with Eric Smith, The Guidance of an Enterprise Economy.
Spectacular sea turtles: Circuits of a wildlife ecotourism discourse in Hawai‘i
Authors: Lamb Gavin
Published: October 2019

This paper examines the discursive practices of sea turtle ecotourism that transform a beach in Hawai‘i into a popular sea turtle tourism destination. I analyze the circulation of an ecotourism discourse of spectacular nature that cycles through several distinct circuits of discursive remediation to produce Laniākea Beach as a sea turtle tourism destination. This ecotourism discourse entangles sea turtles and people into a discursive-material infrastructure of spectacular nature which the sea turtle tourism industry in Hawai‘i enlists to commodify human encounters with this charismatic species. Bringing complementary approaches in ecotourism studies and mediated discourse analysis that take human-nonhuman embodied (inter)actions as a starting point for discourse analysis, I trace how this ecotourism discourse itinerates across three distinct circuits of sea turtle tourism: (1) commercial tourism representations (on websites, guidebooks and street advertising), (2) in tourists’ embodied encounters with sea turtles (touching, pointing at, swimming with and talking about actual sea turtles), and (3) through online remediation of these embodied encounters (on social media platforms like Instagram and Facebook). The study suggests implications for how embodied and material approaches to discourse analysis in applied linguistics can bring empirical focus to the (un)ethical dimensions of wildlife ecotourism practices.
Lyophilized apples on flax oil and ethyl esters of flax oil - stability and antioxidant evaluation
Authors: Śpitalniak-Bajerska Kinga , Kupczyński Robert , Szumny Antoni , Kucharska Alicja Zofia , Vogt Andrzej
Published: October 2019

The research aimed to assess the effect of whole lyophilized apples added to flax oil or flax ethyl esters for oxidation processes and fatty acid profiles. The samples were washed with nitrogen and sealed in PE pouches. The analyses were performed on day 0 and afterwards on 7th, 14th, 28th, 56th and 84th day of storage. The antioxidant capacity was determined by stating in the samples DPPH, ABTS•+, and FRAP. Fatty acid profiles of the test samples were analyzed using GC-MS. The addition of lyophilized apples did not limit the decrease in C18: 3, n-3 after storage. The reduction of free radicals (ABTS, DPPH) was the lowest in samples with ethyl esters mixed with lyophilized apples rather than in the case of specimens that were a mixture of flax oil and lyophilized apples. The addition of lyophilized apples limited the decrease of IV and PV in ethyl esters, and in the case of flax oil AV. Obtained data show the possibility of wider usage of apple for the improvement of stability of the ethyl esters or flax oils and at the same time there are the real possibilities of the development of such kinds of preparations for the feeding industry.
Pilot Tests and Fouling Identification in the Ultrafiltration of Model Oily and Saline Wastewaters
Authors: Ćwirko Konrad , Tomczak Elwira , Szaniawska Daniela , Buczkowski Ryszard
Published: October 2019

This paper evaluates ceramic membrane performance and fouling mechanisms in the ultrafiltration of model oil-in-water solutions with addition of NaCl. First, the work estimated the effect of main process parameters, i.e. transmembrane pressure, cross-flow velocity and NaCl content in the feed on oil rejection and permeate flux using 23 experimental design. The ultrafiltration experiments were carried out using pilot installation with commercial tubular ceramic 300 kDa membrane. Ultrafiltration data obtained using experimental design technique was used to determine the regression coefficients of polynomial equations. These equations give information on non-conjugated as well as conjugated effects of two operating parameters and one feed parameter on ceramic membrane performance in ultrafiltration process of model oil-in-water-NaCl solutions. Moreover, these equations can help to determine optimal conditions for ultrafiltration process from the point of view of membrane permeability and selectivity. Next, ultrafiltration results were analyzed using resistance-in-series model. It was found that the process is membrane resistance limited. It was also stated that, resistance caused by reversible fouling is greater than irreversible fouling resistance. Finally, pore blocking models based on modified Hermia’s equation were used to determine membrane fouling mechanism responsible for permeate flux decline with ultrafiltration time. In investigated system ceramic membrane fouling was caused by complete and intermediate pore blocking mechanisms.
The role of pseudo-cognitive authorities and self-deception in the dissemination of fake news
Authors: Froehlich Thomas J.
Published: October 2019

This paper draws together insights from a variety of fields (including philosophy, psychology, information studies, sociology, politics, and media studies) to synthesize insight into why fake news is created, disseminated, sustained and authorized so as to understand how and why it is successful and how it might be challenged. The premier case for analysis will be Trump, his supporters, his party and his media. Central to this issue is the role of cognitive authorities, a notion first articulated and developed by Patrick Wilson (1983). Honest cognitive authorities have credibility and expertise and are regarded as trustworthy. Their knowledge, based on direct and verifiable knowledge, is sought, communicated and accepted, when an information seeker comes to them about a matter of which an information seeker has come to believe that they have expertise, credibility and knowledge. Pseudo- or false cognitive authorities appear to have the same qualities of credibility, expertise and trustworthiness, but on critical examination they fail in these qualities and strive to impose a partisan agenda irrespective of truth, evidence, logic or facts. Unfortunately, these conditions do not deter believers from accepting them. These authorities are of various types, such news programs or organizations, religious leaders, or social media sites, that create, propagate, authorize and legitimatize fake news stories, that partisan adherents are willing to accept and perpetuate through a form of collective self-deception and who will at the same time denigrate sources and cognitive authorities of genuine and verified information or knowledge. Starting with the InfoWars, we proceed to discuss the nature of the forms of false information on the internet, and the role of deception, particularly self-deception, social self-deception, and collective self-deception in the acceptance real fake news, which is authorized and legitimatized by pseudo-cognitive authorities. In the process we contrast genuine cognitive authorities with dishonest ones, and show how the psychological factors, motivations, and collective self-deception feed each other into a reinforcing collective self-deception so strong it may be equivalent to a cult. This dialogical process (pseudo-cognitive authorities deceiving and self-deceiving themselves and their listeners, who in turn “validate” those authorities through word-of-mouth and seeking and associating with like-minded groups) is reinforced by repetition, the Dunning-Kruger effect, agnotology, and other factors. At the conclusion the roles of information professionals will be examined concerning the difficulties confronting fake news and fake news adherents and developing paths for successful strategies in coping with them.
Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms with bowel obstruction
Authors: Houlzé-Laroye Constance , Eveno Clarisse
Published: October 2019

Background

Perforation of low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMN) is characterized by its potential to spread mucin into peritoneal cavity, giving rise to pseudomyxoma peritonei, commonly treated with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.

Symptoms of intestinal obstruction and appendiceal infection are rare at early stages of the disease, while abdominal distension are observed in the later stages due to mucin spread.

Methods

We report herein a case of LAMN with atypical symptoms in a 35-year-old woman with abdominal symptoms evoking an intestinal obstruction.

Results

An abdominal CT scan revealed an ileo-caecal intussusception. An exploratory laparotomy and examination of the peritoneal cavity ruled out an exteriorization of mucin and the bowel was resected.

Conclusions

The pathology analysis confirmed the diagnostic of LAMN. This report aims to raise awareness among surgeons, of rare clinical presentations that LAMN may show, to adapt the surgical treatment to these patients and assign them to referral centers.
Cross sections and production yields of 117mSn and other radionuclides generated in natural and enriched antimony with protons up to 145 MeV
Authors: Ermolaev Stanislav V. , Zhuikov Boris L. , Kokhanyuk Vladimir M. , Matushko Victor L. , Srivastava Suresh C.
Published: October 2019

Cross sections of a prospective medical radionuclide 117mSn along with 113Sn, 120m,122Sb, 111,114mIn and 118,119m,119g,121m,121g,123mTe generated in natural and enriched antimony targets by protons in a wide energy range up to 145 MeV were determined. A stacked-foil technique followed by gas chemical separation and γ-ray spectrometry were used. The obtained data were compared with experimental values reported in literature and with theoretical computations by ALICE, TALYS and Cascade-Evaporation-Fission codes. Production yields of 117mSn and the main impurity 113Sn were estimated for different irradiation modes.
An evaluation of biomarkers indicating endothelial cell damage, inflammation and coagulation in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura
Authors: Selcuk Duru Nilgun , Sahin Kamil , Coskun Cihan , Üstyol Ala , Elevli Murat , Koldas Macit
Published: October 2019

Objective

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is characterized by generalized vasculitis. The etiopathogenesis of the disease is unknown, but inflammation and endothelial dysfunction have been held responsible. Therefore, herein we investigated serum levels of biomarkers indicating endothelial cell damage, inflammation and coagulation in children with HSP.

Materials and methods

Twenty six patients with HSP and 26 healthy children were included in the study. Routine biochemical tests and laboratory parameters showing inflammation, coagulation, and endothelial cell damage were examined in all subjects.

Results

White blood cell (WBC) number, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), neutrophil/lymphocyte rate (NLR), triglyceride, immunoglobulin A (IgA), and C3 were significantly higher in children with HSP than the controls. HDL and albumin levels were lower in the patients with HSP. Endocan levels were not significantly different between the HSP and control groups (p = 0.884). Serum endocan levels in patients with HSP were inversely correlated only with activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (r = −0.485, p = 0.012).

Conclusion

Coagulation abnormalities and increased acute phase reactants were present in patients with HSP while no difference was determined in endocan levels.
Histone Chaperone Paralogs Have Redundant, Cooperative, and Divergent Functions in Yeast
Authors: Savic Neda , Shortill Shawn P , Bilenky Misha , Dobbs Joseph M , Dilworth David , Hirst Martin , Nelson Christopher J
Published: October 2019

Gene duplications increase organismal robustness by providing freedom for gene divergence or by increasing gene dosage. The yeast histone chaperones Fpr3 and Fpr4 are paralogs that can assemble nucleosomes in vitro; however, the genomic locations they target and their functional relationship is poorly understood. We refined the yeast synthetic genetic array approach to enable the functional dissection of gene paralogs. Applying this method to Fpr3 and Fpr4 uncovered redundant, cooperative, and divergent functions. While Fpr3 is uniquely involved in chromosome segregation, Fpr3 and Fpr4 cooperate to regulate genes involved in polyphosphate metabolism and ribosome biogenesis. We find that the TRAMP5 RNA exosome is critical for fitness in Δfpr3Δfpr4 yeast and leverage this information to identify an important role for Fpr4 at the 5′ ends of protein coding genes. Additionally, Fpr4 and TRAMP5 negatively regulate RNAs from the nontranscribed spacers of ribosomal DNA. Yeast lacking Fpr3 and Fpr4 exhibit a genome instability phenotype at the ribosomal DNA, which implies that these histone chaperones regulate chromatin structure and DNA access at this location. Taken together. we provide genetic and transcriptomic evidence that Fpr3 and Fpr4 operate separately, cooperatively, and redundantly to regulate a variety of chromatin environments.
Privatautonomie im Bereich des Commercial Banking
Authors: Piekenbrock Andreas , Rodi Daniel
Published: October 2019

Der Beitrag schließt die in ZBB 2019, 245 begonnene zweiteilige Abhandlung über den Zustand der Privatautonomie im Bereich des Commercial Banking ab. Er befasst sich eingehend mit der Inhaltsfreiheit, namentlich deren Beschränkung durch den Kontrahierungszwang nach dem Zahlungskontengesetz (§§ 31 ff. ZKG), durch sonstiges zwingendes Recht sowie insbesondere durch die seitens des XI. Zivilsenats des BGH sehr streng gehandhabte AGB-Kontrolle. Hierbei ergibt sich u. a., dass ein Verstoß gegen den Angemessenheitsvorbehalt in § 41 Abs. 2 ZKG zur Unentgeltlichkeit des Kontos führt und eine geltungserhaltende Reduktion auf das angemessene Entgelt de lege lata nicht in Betracht kommt. Ferner zeigt sich, dass die Vereinbarung eines Entgelts für eine Sonderleistung lediglich in der Theorie einen gangbaren Weg zur Vermeidung der AGB-Kontrolle darstellt, in der Praxis hingegen durch die exzessive kundenfeindlichste Auslegung des XI. Zivilsenats vor nahezu unüberwindliche Hürden gestellt wird. Bei strikter Anwendung der vom XI. Zivilsenat aufgestellten Grundsätze wäre zudem denkbar, dass die Vereinbarung negativer Zinsen in Neuverträgen – unzutreffenderweise – für unzulässig erklärt wird. Das Gesamtfazit zum Zustand der Privatautonomie im Bereich des Commercial Banking erweist sich als ernüchternd.
Der Abfindungsanspruch beim Rückzug aus dem regulierten Markt – eine empirische Evaluation der gesetzlichen Neuregelung
Authors: Berninger Marc , Schiereck Dirk , van de Vathorst Dominik
Published: October 2019

Der Beitrag untersucht im Nachgang an die Neuregelung des regulären Delistings in § 39 BörsG im Jahr 2015 die Aktienkursreaktionen bei 32 deutschen Unternehmen, die nach Inkrafttreten dieser Vorschriften einen Rückzug vom regulierten Markt, vom Freiverkehr oder einen Segmentwechsel angekündigt haben. Durch das Gesetz zur Umsetzung der Transparenzrichtlinie-Änderungsrichtlinie wurden Ende des Jahres 2015 neue rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen für den freiwilligen Börsenrückzug geschaffen, deren Auswirkungen noch nicht auf empirischer Grundlage überprüft wurden.

So stellt sich einerseits die Frage, ob die anlegerschützenden Maßnahmen in Form eines verpflichtenden Abfindungsangebots ihren Zweck tatsächlich erfüllen und einen systematischen Kursverfall, wie er unter der Frosta-Rechtslage beobachtet wurde, verhindern. Anderseits soll im Hinblick auf die aktuelle Diskussion über den Geltungsbereich der neuen Vorschriften überprüft werden, inwiefern Anleger, deren UnterUnternehmen nehmen lediglich einen Segmentwechsel in den Freiverkehr vollzieht, schützenswert sind. Es wird mittels einer Ereignisstudie gezeigt, dass Kleinanleger durch die neuen Schutzmechanismen vor einem systematischen Kursverfall bewahrt werden. Ferner wird eine erste Indikation präsentiert, dass Kleinanleger und Minderheitsaktionäre durch die neuen Vorschriften bei einem Wechsel vom regulierten Markt in den Freiverkehr möglicherweise sogar finanziell bevorteilt werden. Eine anschließende Analyse der Aktienliquidität zeigt, dass Aktien, deren Emittent vom regulierten Markt in den Freiverkehr wechselt, entgegen der vorherrschenden Meinung, nicht zwangsläufig an Liquidität einbüßen. Möglicherweise bedürfen die novellierten Rahmenbedingungen für den Börsenrückzug und insbesondere die Abfindungspflicht beim Segmentwechsel somit noch einiger regulatorischer Adjustierungen.