bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ALLELOPATHIC PROPERTIES OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES OF VARIOUS BREEDING INSTITUTIONS OF UKRAINE
Authors: KORKHOVA Margaryta , MYKOLAICHUK Vira
Published: January 2023

The article presents the results of scientific research on the influence of water extracts of root secretions of winter wheat varieties on seed germination and root growth of single-leaf cress seedlings. Soil samples from the rhizosphere zone of plants of the studied winter wheat varieties were selected in the phases of flowering and full ripeness of the grain. Water extracts of soil at a concentration of 1: 100 were prepared for the Biotest. The findings showed that the stimulatory and inhibitory action of water extracts of root excretions of plants of winter wheat on seed germination and growth of seedlings one-day watercress depending on the varietal characteristics and phases of development. In the flowering phase of plants, water extracts of root secretions of all the studied varieties negatively affected on the germination of test culture seeds. It was found that the Kvitka poliv variety in the phase of full grain ripeness activated the germination of cress seeds. Water extracts of the soil of root secretions of soft winter wheat varieties Vidrada and Krasa paniv were determined to be neutral to the germination of cress seeds
TRACING THE DEVELOPMENT OF Bacillus subtilis IN BROTH WITH ADDED MICELLES AND EXTRACTS FROM HIGHER MEDICINAL MUSHROOMS
Authors: LOGINOVSKA Kamelia , DONEVA Maria , SOLAKOV Nikolay , VALCHKOV Alexander , NACHEVA Iliana
Published: January 2023

The growth of cell culture of strain Bacillus subtilis NBIMCC 2353 has been traced by two experiments. At 48th hour the number of cells reaches its maximum, which is above 8 log units (experiment 1), after included on the 24th hour of enrichment agents in native form - mushroom body and micelles of the high medical mushrooms Ganoderma lucidum (Red reishi), and Cordyceps sinensis at concentrations of 2% and 4%. Cell culture basically fails to develop in its maximum capabilities due to difficulty absorbing macro-, micro-elements and protein compounds, contained in the high mushrooms. Positive effects have been found in experiment 2, such as prolonging the propagation time and doubling the number of cells of Bacillus subtilis NBIMCC 2353, upon added into the nutrient medium of easily accessible components, such as Cordyceps sinensis and Ganoderma lucidum powder extracts. The largest increase in cell amount was observed at the 54th hour from the start of incubation, which was over 11.5 log units, for variants with added 2 g extract
URBAN HORTICULTURE INNER LIVING CITY, INTERACTIONS AND TRADE-OFFS
Authors: MACNEA Cristina Electra , ASANICA Adrian , FABIAN Claudia , PETICILA Adrian , TZORTZI Julia Nerantzia
Published: January 2023

Life in a city with its own advantages and disadvantages it is an object of research and open discussions, multilayered and with many facades to approach. Human nature, which creates its material and mental needs, is considered the biggest cause of urban degradation. Intense industrial growth, rapid population growth, chaotic urban planning, reckless and exhaustive use of natural resources and environmental degradation are some of the causes of the global economic, climate and health crisis. Recognizing the special living conditions in the city, which have changed the balance of nature to a worrying level, such as poverty, lack of free public spaces, deteriorating quality of food and life, climate change, etc. it was considered necessary to research questionable conditions that require an answer, in order to highlight alternative solutions. Through approaches, therefore, an attempt is made to recover the human-nature relationship. An important alternative to this can be considered the institution of urban agriculture, as a military one with the aim of partially reversing the problems of the city and its consequences. Through the approaches, an attempt is made to recover the human-nature relationship. An important, alternative solution for this, can be considered the urban horticulture institution, as a strategy aiming the partial reverse of the city's problems and their consequences.
RESEARCHES ON THE QUANTIFICATION OF L-ASPARAGINASE PRODUCED BY MICROORGANISMS
Authors: MICU Georgiana , BOIU-SICUIA Oana Alina , BURLACU(POPA) Aglaia , ISRAEL-ROMING Florentina , CORNEA Calina Petruta
Published: January 2023

L-asparaginase is an enzyme that is mainly used in the medical industry to treat various cancers and in the food industry to reduce acrylamide in starch-containing foods. In order to be used successfully, L-asparaginase must have a certain concentration and a certain purity to give the best results and minimize side effects in the medical industry. The aim of this paper was the screening of different strains of Bacillus, Streptomyces, yeasts and bacterial endophytes for L-asparaginase biosynthesis, and to highlight the methods used to determine the level of L-asparaginase. Several bacterial strains and two yeast strains were selected and the level of L-asparaginase was quantified. At least two microbial strains will be used in further experiments to optimize the enzyme production.
INNOVATIVE PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR A SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEM
Authors: MITELUT Amalia Carmen , POPA Elena Elisabeta , POPESCU Paul Alexandru , POPA Mona Elena
Published: January 2023

Nowadays the producers are looking for innovative solutions able to assure high-quality products but at the same time more healthy and environmentally friendly food products. Food preservation is one of the basic steps in food technology for any type of product. Different classical preservation technologies as drying, sterilization, pasteurization, freezing, chilling, etc. were developed along with food product development in order to preserve food quality and safety. In the last decades novel and innovative preservation technologies were developed being focused not only on the food shelf-life extension but also on the better preservation of nutritional quality of the products and on reducing environmental impact through different mechanisms. Despite the classical methods mainly based on the thermal effect, these new technologies are based on different physical factors using high pressure, electric fields, cold plasma, ultraviolet radiation, or new packaging technologies leading to a more sustainable food system and a better preservation of food nutritional quality. The mechanisms, advantages, and drawbacks of these technologies currently still under investigation for different applications will be outlined in this paper.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL ASPECTS CAUSED BY NEMATOD PARASITE Eustrongylides excisus OBSERVED IN SOME FISH SPECIES OF EĞIRDIR LAKE, TURKEY
Authors: OZMEN Ozlem , STAVRESCU-BEDIVAN Mala Maria , INNAL Deniz
Published: January 2023

The present study was carried out between January and October 2018, in order to determine the infection of Eustrongylides excisus Jägerskiöld, 1909 in some fish species inhabiting Eğirdir Lake - the second largest freshwater lake of Turkey. Parasite infection was detected in host species belonging to Konya tooth-carp (Aphanius iconii Akşiraz, 1948), Big-scale sand smelt (Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810), Caucasian dwarf goby (Knipowitschia caucasica Berg, 1916) and pike-perch (Sander lucioperca Linnaeus, 1758). The highest prevalence of infection (21.4%) was determined in S. lucioperca. The mean intensity ranged from 1.25 nematode/fish in K. caucasica to 2.3 nematodes/fish, in S. lucioperca. The nematode E. excisus was recorded for the first time on Caucasian dwarf goby, a non-native fish species in Eğirdir Lake. In addition, this research provides useful data regarding histopathology effects of E. excisus in all studied teleost species. Hyperaemia, edema, microhaemorrhages, inflammatory reaction and necrosis were observed around the encysted parasites.
MODEL FOR PLANTS NUTRIENT STRESS ASSESSMENT BASED ON FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPIC IMAGES: CASE STUDY IN WHEAT
Authors: RUJESCU Ciprian , SALA Florin
Published: January 2023

The state of plant nutrition was assessed in wheat plants, Alex cultivar, BBCH 12-13 stage. Microscopic images, Leica CLSM, DM2500 were taken on the leaves. On the microscopic images were analyzed in RGB color system, for plants with normal nutrition (R<sub<nn</sub<, G<sub<nn</sub<, B<sub<nn</sub<) and for plants with nutrient deficiency (R<sub<nd</sub<, G<sub<nd</sub<, B<sub<nd</sub<). The average values for R, were R<sub<nn</sub< = 110.30, R<sub<nd</sub< = 47.65. The differences between the averages of the studied cases were high and statistically significant (test t, t = 14.224, p < 0.001; non-parametric Mann-Whitney test, U = 0, p < 0.001). In the case of the G, the average values were G<sub<nn</sub< = 51.92, G<sub<nd</sub< = 55.54, and in the case of B, the average values were B<sub<nn</sub< = 4.12, B<sub<nd</sub< = 4.16, without statistical assurance of differences.The average value of the fractal dimension (D) in the case of plants with normal nutrition was D<sub<nn</sub< = 1.746, and in the case of plants with nutritional deficiency it was D<sub<nd</sub< = 1.850. The difference between the means was statistically significant, according to the indicated value of t = 10.88, having p < 0.001. And in the case of applying the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test the differences between groups are significant, U = 0, p < 0.001.
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE INTERESTS IN THE PROCESS OF CAPITALIZATION OF FOREST RESOURCES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF UKRAINE)
Authors: SAKAL Oksana , TRETIAK Nataliia , KOVALENKO Andrii , SHTOHRYN Halyna , SKOLSKYI Ihor
Published: January 2023

In the paper the social, environmental and resource (i.e. raw materials or financial) interests of use of forest resources in accordance with their multifunctional potential are identified based on the hypothesis that the definition of forest resources in the forest legislation of Ukraine as an object of legal relations, the modern mechanism of forest relations does not reflect adequate economic value, and the functioning market cannot balance supply and demand for forest products environmental protection, as well as the mechanism of extraction and distribution of forest rents. It is noted that the resource interest of use of forest resources (i.e. raw materials or financial) can be both public and private. The public and private interests of use of forest resources in the process of their capitalization on the example of Ukraine, which may be mutually exclusive, are analyzed. It is substantiated that management decisions on forest resources should reconcile public (state) and private interests, in particular, through project analysis. In order to successfully capitalization of forest resources, which is also true for other types of natural resources, taking into account the full range of environmental interests of their use, rather than exclusively resource (raw materials or financial), the use of “environmental” and “resource” instruments are proposed (the name of instruments indicates the object of regulatory influence - the function or value of a natural resource in the public imagination). Features of “environmental” and “resource” instruments for capitalization of forest resources are analyzed. The structures that form the instruments are researched. It is noted that an important factor in the powers and responsibilities of such structures is also the form of ownership, which determines, in particular, the economic aspect of their functions.
NUTRITIONAL AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF SOME PROTEIN SOURCES
Authors: STAMATIE Gabriela Daniela , DUTA Denisa Eglantina , BELC Nastasia , ZOANI Claudia , ISRAELROMING Florentina
Published: January 2023

Nine ingredients protein sources were examined: milk protein, whey protein, Pleurotus mushroom flour, pea protein, corn protein, soy protein, oat protein, hemp protein, sea buckthorn protein in comparison with wheat flour (as control). They were subjected to physicochemical (protein, fat, ash, carbohydrates, aminoacids contents and digestibility) and functional analyzes (water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, foaming property and foam stability, gelling property for mixtures of 10% protein ingredient in water, emulsification capacity). The water absorption capacity ranged from 0.54-3.22 WHC. The highest oil absorption capacity was identified for milk protein sample 1.07 WHC (g oil/g sample). The foaming capacity ranged from 0% for hemp protein sample to 91.5% for milk protein sample. The emulsification capacity varied from 69.23% for the corn protein hydrolyzate sample to 54.69% for oat protein sample. Protein ingredients have different functional properties which determine their behaviour in food systems and based on which they can be used in different food applications, for improving the protein content of food products
ESTIMATING THE SURVIVAL OF AQUA FAUNA BY IMAGE ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES FROM THE VIDEO SEQUENCES OF POND AQUACULTURE
Authors: SURYASANKAR Ramalakshmi Palani , DEVARAJ Durairaj , KANNAPIRAN Balasubramaniyan , SARAVANAKUMAR Gurusamy
Published: January 2023

Survival status of aqua fauna is estimated by studying the dynamic behaviour (motion) in underwater environment. Survival status of aqua fauna particularly, shrimp is estimated to prevent huge economic losses to the aqua farmers. A novel approach has been proposed in this research work to address this issue through segmentation, extraction of features, motion analysis and classification of aqua fauna from the pond aquaculture video sequences. First, the content-based video is translated into frames, and the image content is segmented using the Background Subtraction algorithm. Then, shrimp motion analysis is done with the assistance of the optical Flow algorithm. At the same time, shrimp body feature is extracted by Edge detection method for Shape analysis. Finally, the Decision Tree classifier is constructed to estimate the status of shrimp is alive or dead. Real-time video sequences of shrimp in pond aquaculture have illustrated the effectiveness of our process. The projected method shows that the results are more accurate to estimate the shrimp survival status as well as providing GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices) in shrimp cultivation to alert the aqua farmers in advance to avoid economic loss
THE EFFECT OF ANTIMICROBIAL SUBSTANCES TO INHIBIT THE GROWTH OF Listeria monocytogenes INTO THE READY-TO-EAT PRODUCTS
Authors: STEFAN Georgeta , BARAITAREANU Stelian , GURAU Maria Rodica
Published: January 2023

Listeria monocytogenes (LMO) is one of the most pathogenic agents that can contaminate the ready-to-eat (RTE) products, of animal and non-animal origin and, due to its special resistance, it justifies specific measures on the RTEprocessing flow. It is a continuing concern for the prevention of LMO infections in humans through the food consumption. In the reduction of LMO growth, the bioprotectors use is increasingly being considered. In this paper we are presenting the antimicrobial effect of substances added to RTE products to suppress or limit the growth of LMO in Chorizo sausages. One of these is the bioprotection culture that contain strains of Pediococcus acidilactici. P. acidilactici produces pediocin which is a bacteriocin with strong antagonistic properties against LMO. The results support the recommendations of P. acidilactici use as an additional culture in the production of dry or semi-dry fermented sausages below 26ºC. Under these conditions, the addition of the culture to the normal recipe will ensure an efficient reduction of LMO growth, and does not significantly affect the acidification profile.
MONITORING OF SUGAR BEET CROPS WEEDINESS DEPENDING ON AGRICULTURE SYSTEMS
Authors: TSYUK Oleksiy , SHEMETUN Oleksandr , TSVEY Yaroslav , MELNYK Viktoriia
Published: January 2023

The results of the agriculture systems impact of on sugar beet agrophytocenosis weeds studies has been presents. The studies were conducted in the field experiment of the Agriculture and herbology department (Agronomic Research Station of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine), which is located in the ForestSteppe of Ukraine. The studies were performed in a five-track rotation with the following alternation of crops: peaswinter wheat-sugar beet-barley-corn for grain. Three variants of intensive, ecological and biological agriculture systems have been studied. Within each system of agriculture, was studied four variants of basic tillage in crop rotation: differentiated (control), subsurface, periodical moldboard (shelf+shelf-free), reduced (surface). Laboratory and field studies the impact of agriculrure systems on the crop weediness degree and formation of agrophytocenosis weed component have been determined. An intensive and ecological agriculture system has been found to be a favorable option, which has significantly reduced the number and weight of weeds. The use periodical moldboard (shelf+shelf-free) tillage helps to reduce weeds compared to differentiated tillage.
THE EFFECT OF A STRIGOLACTONE MIMIC ON GROWTH AND COLONY MORPHOLOGY IN PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI
Authors: BALA Ioana Alexandra , TRICA Bogdan , GEORGESCU Florentina , GEORGESCU Emilian , CONSTANTINESCU-ARUXANDEI Diana , SHAPOSNIKOV Sergey , OANCEA Florin
Published: January 2023

The paper investigates the effect of a strigolactone mimic, 3-Methyl-5-(benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3-dione-2-yloxy)-5Hfuran-2-one, bearing a naphthylamide core linked by an ether group to the furan-2-one ring, on hyphal branching and radial fungal growth of two plant pathogenic fungi, Colletotrichum acutatum CBS 112980 and Sclerotinia minor DSM 63016. Our results demonstrated that the tested mimic compound, which is easier to synthetize comparing tostrigolactone analogues, have the same effect as the synthetic analogue GR24, inducing hyphal branching stress response and inhibiting phytopathogen growth. The results are discussed considering their importance for both fundamental studies (role and receptor of SLs D-ring in plant pathogenic fungi) and practical applications - shaping plant rhizomicrobiome.
SOIL POLLUTION WITH HEAVY METALS AND BIOREMEDIATION METHODS
Authors: BOROZAN Aurica Breica , MISCA Corina Dana , MORAR Adriana , OBISTIOIU Diana , RABA Diana Nicoleta , PIRVULESCU Luminita , CABA Ioan Ladislau , ALEXA Ersilia , POIANA Mariana Atena , BORDEAN Despina Maria , PETCU Carmen Daniela
Published: January 2023

The soil is a living and dynamic ecosystem permanently subject to anthropogenic pollution. Heavy metal pollution is a major factor of microbiota imbalances, and thus of severe soil degradation. The microbiota is represented by a wide range of microbial species that maintain and improve soil fertility by performing biogeochemical cycles in nature. Heavy metals are found naturally in the soil and play a key role in supporting microbial processes, but excess waste stored and neutralized improperly can be harmful, due to bioaccumulation along the trophic chain. Among the heavy metals commonly found in the soil are: lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), and nickel (Ni). The mobility of heavy metals in the environment, in general, and in the soil, in particular, is reduced, and therefore their contact with microorganisms is long and influences the structure of the microbial community. Existing studies emphasize the high bioaccumulation capacity of cadmium but also increased mobility affecting an entire trophic chain, and lead exerts an inhibitory effect on telluric microorganisms, even at very low concentrations. The overall activity of the soil, denitrifiers, and enzymes, is deeply affected by the presence of heavy metals. Their effect depends on the concentration and pH of the soil. Pedoclimatic factors can also contribute to these changes. Even in this situation, microorganisms can contribute to bioremediation and rendering the soil in the agricultural circuit. Among the bacterial genera that have developed mechanisms of resistance to certain heavy metals are Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes
GEOGRAPHICAL IDENTIFICATION OF DURIAN (CV. MONTHONG) FROM PRACHUAP KIRI KHAN AND CHANTHABURI PROVINCE BY USING NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: CHANACHOT Kingdow , SAECHUA Wanphut , SIRISOMBOON Panmanas
Published: January 2023

Geographic origin of durian (Durio zibethinus Murray) can influence consumers purchasing decisions. A guaranteed geographical origin is extremely useful to maintain the credibility and popularity of this fruit. The objective of this work is to confirm geographical identification (GI) of durian Monthong from Prachuap Kiri Khan Province from south of Thailand which achieved the GI lable from the department of intellectual property by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRs). Total of 60 durian Monthong samples were acquired in the wavenumber range of 12,500-4,000 cm<sup<-1</sup< by FT-NIR spectrometer. The sample presentation for scanning were 3 forms including intact peel (with thorns), cut-thorns peel and stem of the fruit. Soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and support vector machine classification (SVMC) were used to establish identification model using the full spectra. Overall classification accuracy of SVMC was the highest in training and validation set of stems which was 100% and 100%, respectively. This study indicated that NIRs might be a method to guaranteed geographic origin of durian Monthong from Prachuap Kiri Khan. However, more robust model should be developed by using more samples.
APHICIDAL AND REPELLENT ACTIVITIES OF PLANT EXTRACTS FROM Hertia cheirifolia L. AND Marrubium deserti de Noé
Authors: AMAMRI Farouk , LEBBAL Salim , BENHIZIA Toufik , ZERAIB Azzeddine
Published: January 2023

The black bean aphid Aphis fabae constitutes a dangerous pest. The use of pesticides provokes undesirable effect on the environment and the human health. Thus, the research for methods with low negative secondary effect becomes very important. The purpose of this study is the screening of the aphicidal activity of extracts from Marrubium deserti and Hertia cheirifolia. Moreover, the effect of the same treatments was tested on the orientation of A. fabae. Through our study, ANOVA revealed significant differences between the studied essential oils. Those of H. cheirifolia with a concentration of 10000 ppm were the most effective with 96.67% of corrected mortality rate after 6 hours. Whereas for aqueous extracts, the mortality rate were less important and it reached only 30% after 24 h for H. cheirifolia 30% extracted by maceration. For the test of orientation, the results showed that after 24 hours, the essential oils of H. cheirifolia with a concentration of 10000 ppm and the extracts obtained by maceration of the two plants had an important repellency rate superior than 70%.
EXPERIENCE OF LAND USE DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AT THE LOCAL (MUNICIPAL) LEVEL IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: KAPINOS Natallia , GONCHAROV Viktor , RYBINA Olena , PROKOPENKO Nataliia
Published: January 2023

The article examines the development of theoretical and methodological approaches and practical recommendations for improving the ecological and economic foundations of land management and land management at the local level in the example of the European Union. In practice, regional, spatial, strategic, landscape, and integrated types of land use development planning are most often used in the European Union. With the development of the market economy of European society, environmental problems arose, which prompted the development of landscape planning, both landscape-ecological and socio-economic aspects of territorial development. The experience of landscape planning was introduced in Germany, which later became used in almost all European countries. The study and direct comparison of existing landscape planning systems in different European countries, and their reduction to several basic features are not possible and impractical because these systems are very different. This is due to a number of reasons: history, features of political systems, cultural traditions, level of economic development, the nature of legal systems and property relations. Landscape planning in the European Union is going to be one of the tensest areas of activity in the future, and Ukraine must take an active part in this process.
INTERIOR PROFILE OF YOUNG PIGS OF DIFFERENT GENOTYPES AND THE USE OF ITS COMPONENTS FOR EARLY PREDICTION OF QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS
Authors: KHALAK Viktor , HORCHANOK Anna , KUZMENKO Oksana , LYTVYSCHENKO Lyudmila , PRYSIAZHNIUK Nаtaliia , BORDUN Alexander
Published: January 2023

The paper presents the research results of blood serum biochemical parameters, as well as fattening and meat qualities of Large White young pigs of different genotypes by melanocortin receptor gene 4 MC4R; the level of phenotypic consolidation of quantitative characters is calculated and their correlations are determined. It was found that the serum biochemical parameters of young pigs from the experimental groups correspond to the physiological norm of clinically healthy animals. Studies have shown that animals of the MC4R<sup<AG</sup< genotype exceed significantly their peers of the MC4R<sup<AA</sup< genotype in the age of achievement of live weight of 100 kg, in fatback thickness at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae and in the length of the chilled carcass by 4.47% on average. The coefficients of phenotypic consolidation of fattening and meat qualities of young pigs from the experimental groups ranged from -0.101 to +0.370. The number of significant correlations between serum biochemical parameters, fattening and meat qualities of Large White young pigs of the MC4R<sup<AA</sup< genotype is 26.67%, of MC4R<sup<AG</sup< genotype is 33.34%. This indicates the possibility of using interior indicators for early prediction of fattening and meat qualities of Large White young pigs. The maximum increase in additional products was obtained from Large White young pigs of the MC4R<sup<AG</sup< genotype by the melanocortin receptor gene in amount of +2.02%.
FUNCTIONAL BIOPRODUCT ''FucoSTEM'' - EVALUATION OF THE PRODUCT ON ORGANOLEPTIC, PHYSICOCHEMICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL INDICATORS
Authors: LOGINOVSKA Kamelia , SOLAKOV Nikolay , DONEVA Maria , VALCHKOV Alexandar
Published: January 2023

The authors present the results of organoleptic, physicochemical, biochemical and microbiological studies of a new lyophilized functional bioproduct ''FucoSTEM''. The product is a nutritious concentrate developed on the basis of buffalo colostrum. The inclusion in the composition of fruit (chokeberry) leads to an increase in the content of total phenolic substances, anthocyanins and high antioxidant activity of the product. The obtained results prove that the new product ''FucoSTEM'' has a balanced composition, preserved quality characteristics, high biological and energy value. It is microbiologically pure and safe to use. These features define it as suitable for use by a wide range of users.
INCREASING THE IMMUNIZING VALUE OF A Clostridium septicum STRAIN
Authors: NEGRU Elena , DINU Horia , BULGARU Anca , LUPU Dragoş , DANES Mihai , GURAU Maria Rodica , DANES Doina
Published: January 2023

The pathology caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Clostridium is a major cause of economic loss in small ruminant herds. The clinical manifestations caused by these pathogens are the result of a wide and variable spectrum of toxins released during their multiplication. The aim of this study was to enhance the toxigenesis of one of the Clostridium septicum isolates and to select the most productive clone, being the closest to the field strain. The strain toxicity was improved by passages on guinea pigs. In vivo assays on balb/C mice were confirmed by in vitro experiments (Western Blott, semi quantitative dosing of cytopathic effect and quantification of hemolytic activity). Assessment of the immunizing value was carried out by seroneutralization in mice. The selected and improved strain produced a toxin with a biological value superior to the minimum recommended limits for the formulation of anaerobic vaccines for small ruminants.
FIRST DESCRIPTION OF Cypripedium AND Cypripedium calceolus var. citrina B. HERGT IN ROMANIA: MORPHOLOGY, POLLINATION AND CONSERVATION STATUS
Authors: D.G.ANGHELESCU Nora Eugenia , KERTESZ Hajnalka , BALOGH Lori , BALOGH Mihaela , PATAKI Hajnal , GEORGESCU Mihaela Ioana , PETRA Sorina Aurelia , TOMA Florin
Published: January 2023

Cypripedium genus is represented by 59 species and nothospecies (species of hybrid origin), mainly distributed across North, Central and South America, Europe and Asia, but absent from Madagascar and Australia. The most important characteristic of this genus is their showy and large labellum, which transformed into the specific slipper-shaped, vividly coloured, inflated pouch. In Romania, the genus is represented by one species only, Cypripedium calceolus. The article contains the first description of a newly discovered population in Prahova County, as well as a complete illustration of a Cypripedium calceolus flower pollinated by a female bee of the Lasioglossum genus. The flowers are passive traps pollinated by bees of particular type and size. The article describes in detail different mimicry (deceit) pollination strategies employed by the orchid in order to exploit its insect pollinators (generalized food deception mimicry, shelter mimicry, nest/brood-site mimicry, rendezvous attraction). Using advanced techniques of ultra-macro photography, details of floral organs are illustrated in order to describe in great detail the intriguing deceptive pollination mechanisms and mimicry strategies employed by the Slipper Orchids to attract their highly specific and rather scarce pollinating insects. Along with the detailed description and illustration of the common single-flowered plants, we also describe rare Cypripedium calceolus f. biflorum plants in Prahova County and present for the first time in Romania, a unique Cypripedium calceolus var. citrina individual, found in 2019, in Suceava County.
VARIATION OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS AND Chl/Car RATIO IN WHEAT IN RELATION TO FERTILIZATION RATE
Authors: SALA Florin
Published: January 2023

The study evaluated the content of photosynthetic pigments (Chl, Car) and the Chl/Car ratio in wheat leaves, Alex cultivar, in relation to fertilization rate. Mineral fertilizers with N (0-200 kg ha<sup<-1</sup<) and P, respectively K (0-150 kg ha<sup<-1</sup<) generated 11 experimental variants. The tests were performed on the flag leaf (BBCH 7 stage). The chlorophyll content (Chl) varied between 34.73 ± 1.14 units in the control variant (V1) and 60.52 ± 1.17 units in the V8 variant. The carotenoid content (Car) varied between 4.51 ± 0.18 units in the control variant (V1) and 11.41 ± 0.27 units in the V11 variant. The Chl/Car ratio was calculated, which recorded values between 7.70 ± 0.15 in the control variant (V1) and 5.27 ± 0.08 in the V11 variant. Different correlations were found between photosynthetic pigments and N, respectively P, K (eg. r = 0.832 between Chl and N; r = 0.828 between Car and N; r = 0.717 between Car and P, K; r = -0.770 Chl/Car and N; r = -0.728 between Chl/Car and P, K). The regression analysis facilitated the obtaining of some variation models of Chl, Car and the Chl/Car ratio in relation to N and P, respectively K, in statistical safety conditions.
THE WATER FOOTPRINT IN CONTEXT OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY
Authors: SANDU Mirela Alina , VIRSTA Ana
Published: January 2023

Fresh water is the most used natural resource among the products we consume daily. Everything we eat or buy contains. But do we know how much water is needed to produce these goods? The concept of water footprint can help us find the answer to this question. Researcher at the University of Twente (Netherlands), Arjen Hoekstra, developed this concept in 2002. His goal was to show the impact on the amount of water that products in our lives contains. For a single product, the water footprint means the amount of water consumed and/or polluted at all stages of its production. It is measured in units of volume giving us an idea of the impact that a particular item has on the use of fresh water. Therefore, it takes into account the water used directly in production and the indirect part used in raw materials. The water footprint assessment method represents the volume of drinking water used either by a consumer or by a producer throughout the supply chain. By using this method, the volume of water is calculated by type of source, as well as the amount of water polluted, depending on the type of pollution, all these elements being specified spatially and temporally. The total water footprint of a product consists of three components: blue, green and gray water footprint. Assessing the water footprint of products and services is a good step towards evaluation of water circularity. The water footprint assessment must be integrated into the concepts of the circular economy by insisting on what happens to water after use and how circular and sustainable it is.
POSTBIOTICS: A SOLUTION TO PROTECT TROPICAL FRUITS TOWARDS POSTHARVEST ADULTERATION
Authors: TENEA Gabriela Nicoleta
Published: January 2023

Food security is threatened by numerous pathogens that cause a variety of foodborne illnesses. The promotion of healthier lifestyles increases the consumption of fresh products such as tropical fruits. Their consumption can expose the consumer to a higher risk of diseases since the fruits do not undergo processing steps to ensure the effective elimination or inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, postharvest treatments are essential for the preservation of the fruit, by reducing the microbial load and lengthening the perch life. Unlike traditional means of postharvest protection, biopreservation of fruits offers the benefits of the natural ecosystems of the microbiome in fruits. The principle of biopreservation is the use of beneficial microorganisms, with the ability to control the growth of other microorganisms, through the production of metabolites known as bacteriocins, postbiotics, metabiotics, paraprobiotics, proteobiotics. These active molecules produced by probiotic bacteria may constitute a safe alternative capable to protect the fruits from deterioration or postharvest damage. The present review described the sources of contamination and deterioration of tropical fruits along with the use of bioactive compounds such as postbiotics as an alternative for fruit protection.
CORRELATION OF EFFECTS OF THE GENERAL COMBINATION ABILITY AND THE SIGN OF THE DURATION OF THE SPRING-HILLING PERIOD IN SPRING BARLEY VARIETIES
Authors: VASCHENKO Volodymyr , SHEVCHENKO Oleksandra , VINYUKOV Aleksandr , BONDAREVA Olga
Published: January 2023

Determination of the combining ability of varieties and F1 of spring barley is a necessary element in breeding for productivity. The results of the analysis of the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCА) make it possible to organize work on a specific studied feature, to select components for obtaining new hybrid combinations. The method of diallelic crosses was used in the work. The effects of GCA and SCА of spring barley were revealed on the feature of ''duration of the germination-heading period''. Between the effects of GCA and the estimates of the feature ''duration of the seedling-heading period'' in varieties there is a high correlation, therefore the value of the feature is an analogous feature of the breeding value, as well as the GCA effect. The stability of GCA effects over the years does not differ from the stability of the germination-heading period, which indicates the same efficiency of selection for any of these features. In the context of climate change towards warming, the determination of the combining ability is an additional tool for predicting selections for this feature.
TREE SPECIES DIVERSITY IN TWO SMALL CITIES OF KYIV REGION, UKRAINE
Authors: ZIBTSEVA Olha
Published: January 2023

The diversity of trees is an important factor in ensuring the sustainability of urban forests, but it has hardly been studied in small towns in Ukraine. This study examines the diversity of urban tree species in two small towns in the capital region of Ukraine. The results show that the richest species composition of Vyshgorod city in the adjoining the houses territories and in mini-parks. A total of 100 species and forms of trees and shrubs have been found in the city. 27 species of trees and shrubs are represented In Ukrainka city. Spiraea vanhouttei, Syringa vulgaris and the genus Spiraea are critical for Vyshhorod city. Acer saccharinum, Pinus sylvestris, Populus piramidalis, Betula pendula and Spiraea vanhouttei are critical for Ukrainka city. In contrast to Vyshhorod, where the distribution of trees by diameter is close to optimal, Ukrainka lacks young trees and exceeds the share of ''ripening'', which violates the guarantees of sustainable development of urban plantations. The methodology used in this study may allow practitioners to better assess the sustainability of urban tree plantations.
STUDY ON DESIGNING MUNICIPAL TECHNICAL NETWORK MAPS FOR AN AGRICULTURAL COMPANY WITH THE HELP OF A GIS
Authors: CALINA Jenica , CALINA Aurel
Published: January 2023

This paper presents a fast and precise method of designing municipal technical network thematic maps for an agricultural company which besides the agricultural production activities, also specializes in the food industry. Because of this, the improvement of the water management is imperative. In order to reach the objectives needed, a field survey was performed at the same time as the one required for “Study on the development of a GIS for improving the management of a drinking water network for an agricultural company”. Based on the collected data, a series of thematic maps for the water and sewer systems were designed. They show the surveyed details with great accuracy and are very important for water management. An important characteristic of the GIS developed is that it has the ability of providing all of the departments with data visualisation capacity through a WMS and service for easy map printing, without the need of specialised knowledge. The users only need to choose the paper size and the system will take care of designing and adding the finishing touches to the map.
IN VITRO LIQUID CULTURE OF Stevia rebaudiana Bert. FOR MASS PROPAGATION
Authors: CATANA Corina , BOBOC(OROS) Paula
Published: January 2023

Stevia leaves are important as a new source of natural sugar substitute which makes it one of the most valuable new crops for Europe. The development of in vitro vegetative propagation strategies, to secure availability of well characterised and healthy clonal accession of plant material capable of providing an economically accepted level of leaf and stevioside harvest, becomes an agricultural priority. Growth and development of new plantles were strongly influenced by the type of in vitro plant support and by the presence of exogenous plant growth regulators added to the medium, the best combination was that of auxin (IBA 0.5 mg/l) and cytokinin (Kin 0.2 mg/l). The sponge-like structure of the fruits of Luffa cylindrica were used as plant support for liquid media. Results confirm that an in vitro multiplication of plant material is a reliable system for mass production of seedling to be cultivated in the field condition. The liquid system allows a superior root system formation. The use of Luffa cylindrica for ex vitro transfer proved to be a technological like approach, the ligno-skeleton cube replacing the usual giffy-pot system.
OPTIMIZATION OF ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED EXTRACTION OF POLYPHENOLS FROM HONEYSUCKLE (Lonicera caprifolium)
Authors: DIMITRIU Luminita , PREDA Daniel , CONSTANTINESCU-ARUXANDEI Diana , OANCEA Florin , BABEANU Narcisa
Published: January 2023

Honeysuckle (Lonicera caprifolium) is a perennial flowering plant from the genus Lonicera of the family Caprifoliaceae. Lonicera caprifolium flowers are used in herbal traditional medicine for their antibacterial, antioxidant and antiviral activities. The objective of this research was to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) process of polyphenols from Lonicera caprifolium flowers using Design of Experiments (DoE) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). We used a three-level factorial model with three variable factors (ethanol concentration, time and the ratio between solvent and plant material). The model and the data indicated that the ethanol concentration was highly significant (p<0.05), while the other two were less significant for the extraction of the maximum total phenolic compounds and the maximum antioxidant activity of the extracts. The antioxidant activity was performed by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods. The polyphenols were identified by HPLC. The optimal condition obtained for the extraction of polyphenols from honeysuckle by UAE will be used for bioproduct formulation in future work.
EFFECTS OF LEAD ACCUMULATION ON PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND NUTRITIONAL ELEMENTS IN SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius L.) SEEDLINGS
Authors: DOGAN Muhittin , SAHINYIGIT Serap , CINAR Gulcan
Published: January 2023

Lead, one of the toxic metals with no biological function, is a widely dispersed heavy metal found in many forms in natural resources on earth, and anthropogenic activities continue to increase the concentration of Pb in the environment. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of different Pb concentrations (0, 5, 25, and 50 mg/L) on physiological parameters and mineral contents of safflower seedlings grown hydroponically under controlled conditions. After two weeks of Pb application, Pb and macro- (K, Ca, Mg) and micro- (Zn, Fe, Cu) element contents of the seedling parts, as well as photosynthetic pigments, total carbohydrate, total phenolic compound, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were determined. There was a dose-dependent increase in the Pb contents of the seedling organs. The highest Pb content was found in the roots and the lowest in the leaves. Lead toxicity has been found to impair nutrient uptake and transport, causing nutrient imbalance. In addition, it was shown that Pb toxicity from the changes in photosynthetic pigment, carbohydrate, and phenolic compound contents caused physiological changes in the seedling tissues. Besides, it clearly revealed that the increase in the amount of MDA triggers oxidative stress, which is the secondary stress caused by Pb toxicity.
CONTRIBUTIONS REGARDING THE STUDY OF GENOTYPE-ENVIRONMENT RELATIONSHIP TO SOME CYCLIC WHEAT COMBINATIONS
Authors: IANCU Paula , SOARE Marin , PANITA Ovidiu
Published: January 2023

In some combinations obtained by cyclic hybridization between mutant/recombinant lines and several winter wheat varieties, it was studied the participation of genotypic variance, environment and genotype-environment relationship for characters such as: main stem length, leaf area, number of spikelets/spike, number of grains/spike and weight of 1000 grains. The prognostic indicators regarding the choice of forms according to the phenotype were determined winter wheat genotypes the participation of genotypic variance, environment and genotype-environment relationship was studied for characters such as: length of main stem, leaf area, indicating the value of the paternal forms able to contribute to the improvement of each studied character. The genotype-environment relationship can be appreciated as a prognostic indicator when establishing limits for the use of agro-technical factors in order to increase production.
Rendimiento del Kit de Chagas V2.0 IICS-UNA para el tamizaje de la enfermedad
Authors: Acosta-de Hetter María Eugenia , Aria Laura , de Guillén Ivalena , Rojas Alejandra , Infanzón Belén , Cantero César , Bernal Cynthia , Peter Kaspar
Published: January 2023

En Paraguay la enfermedad de Chagas es endémica, siendo el número de personas infectadas de aproximadamente 165.000 y la población expuesta del 30% según registros del 2012. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el ELISA Chagas test IICS V2.0 para tamizaje de la enfermedad en muestras de donantes de sangre. Se realizó un estudio transversal de pruebas diagnósticas, para lo que se incluyeron 775 muestras de suero provenientes de dos bancos de sangre, a partir de cuyos resultados se calculó la sensibilidad, valores predictivos positivo, negativo y la curva ROC. También se determinó la concordancia y correlación entre el ELISA Chagas test IICS V2.0 y un ELISA comercial. De las 775 muestras de bancos de sangre analizadas se obtuvo una sensibilidad del 99%, especificidad de 96%, VPP 96%, VPN 99% y un índice kappa igual a 0,95 (0,93-0,97) Error Estándar (EE) 0.01 y p>00001 y el área ROC igual a 0,9835. Con respecto a la concordancia con el test comercial, el índice kappa fue de 0,926 IC95% (0,888-0,976), p=0,00001 y el coeficiente de correlación r=0,971 IC95% (0,962-0.978) p=0,0001. Las concordancias obtenidas fueron muy buenas con respecto a la serología de las muestras de banco de sangre como la comparada con el test comercial, pudiendo utilizarse el kit de Chagas IICS V2 para el tamizaje de la enfermedad.
Percepción de seguridad alimentaria en adultos mayores de la zona periurbana de Asunción
Authors: Meza-Paredes Johana Vanessa , González-Céspedes Laura Elizabeth , Silvana Aria-Zaya Laura , Ortiz-Soria Lourdes Alicia
Published: January 2023

Un cambio actualmente evidenciado en varios países es el acelerado proceso de envejecimiento poblacional que tiene sus efectos en diversos aspectos del desarrollo y la funcionalidad de la sociedad. Con el objetivo de describir la percepción de seguridad alimentaria según sexo y nivel educativo en adultos mayores de la zona periurbana de Asunción, se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal con datos primarios, en el que se incluyó a 100 adultos mayores de 60 años de edad, de ambos sexos, de la zona periurbana de Asunción. La investigación se llevó a cabo respetando los principios éticos, se recolectaron datos sociodemográficos y de seguridad alimentaria a través de la Escala de Acceso a la Inseguridad Alimentaria de los Hogares(HFIAS) adaptada por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y Agricultura (FAO). Se observó predominio de seguridad alimentaria en la mayoría de los indicadores del instrumento, con porcentajes más altos en aquellos con grado universitario. Respecto a inseguridad alimentaria, se observó en el indicador número tres, que indagaba sobre la variedad de alimentos, que el 99% no presentó esa limitación, asimismo en el ítem cinco, el 95% de los adultos mayores refirió que en las últimas cuatro semanas no tuvo que comer menos por restricción en el acceso de alimentos. En cuanto al sexo, el femenino fue el que presentó inseguridad alimentaria en los indicadores tres y cinco respectivamente. Se encontró un predominio de seguridad alimentaria en los adultos mayores de la zona periurbana de Asunción incluidos en este estudio