bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Worth Their Salt: One Hundred Years of Hyperosmolar Therapy
Authors: Lutters Bart , Koehler Peter J. , Wijdicks Eelco F.
Published: August 2020

In this article, we commemorate the centenary of the discovery and clinical implementation of hyperosmolar therapy for the treatment of increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Following the pioneering work of anatomists Weed and McKibben in 1919, the use of hypertonic solutions was soon adopted into clinical practice, even though the preferred hypertonic agent, route of administration, and ideas regarding the physiological mechanism by which it reduced ICP diverged. These divergent conceptions and practices have continued to surround the use of hyperosmolar therapy into present times.
Pregnancy-Associated Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Tweet Marysia S. , Lewey Jennifer , Smilowitz Nathaniel R. , Rose Carl H. , Best Patricia J.M.
Published: August 2020

Pregnancy-associated myocardial infarction is a primary contributor to maternal cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Specific attention to the cause of myocardial infarction, diagnostic evaluation, treatment strategies, and postevent care is necessary when treating women with pregnancy-associated myocardial infarction. This review summarizes the current knowledge, consensus statements, and essential nuances.
Long-Term Bleeding Risk Prediction with Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Acute Coronary Syndromes Treated Without Revascularization
Authors: Marquis-Gravel Guillaume , Neely Megan L. , Valgimigli Marco , Costa Francesco , Van Klaveren David , Altner Rituparna , Bhatt Deepak L. , Armstrong Paul W. , Fox Keith A. A. , White Harvey D. , Ohman E. Magnus , Roe Matthew T.
Published: August 2020

Background:

Longitudinal bleeding risk scores have been validated in patients treated with dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) following percutaneous coronary intervention. How these scores apply to the population of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) treated without revascularization remains unknown. The objective was to evaluate and compare the performances of the PRECISE-DAPT, PARIS, and DAPT (bleeding component) bleeding risk scores in the medically managed patients with ACS treated with DAPT.

Methods and Results:

TRILOGY ACS (Targeted Platelet Inhibition to Clarify the Optimal Strategy to Medically Manage Acute Coronary Syndromes) was a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial conducted from 2008 to 2012 over a median follow-up of 17.0 months in 966 sites (52 countries). High-risk patients with unstable angina or non–ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction who did not undergo revascularization were randomized to prasugrel or clopidogrel. The PRECISE-DAPT, PARIS, and DAPT (bleeding component) risk scores were applied in the TRILOGY ACS population to evaluate their performance to predict adjudicated non–coronary artery bypass grafting–related GUSTO (Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries) severe/life-threatening/moderate and TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction) major/minor bleeding with time-dependent c-indices. Among the 9326 participants, median age was 66 years (interquartile range, 59–74 years), and 3650 were females (39.1%). A total of 158 (1.69%) GUSTO severe/life-threatening/moderate and 174 (1.87%) TIMI major/minor non–coronary artery bypass grafting bleeding events occurred. The c-indices (95% CI) of the PRECISE-DAPT, PARIS, and DAPT (bleeding component) scores through 12 months were 0.716 (0.677–0.758), 0.693 (0.658–0.733), and 0.674 (0.637–0.713), respectively, for GUSTO bleeding and 0.624 (0.582–0.666), 0.612 (0.578–0.651), and 0.608 (0.571–0.649), respectively, for TIMI bleeding. There was no significant difference in the c-indices of each score based upon pairwise comparisons.

Conclusions:

Among medically managed patients with ACS treated with DAPT, the performances of the PRECISE-DAPT, PARIS, and DAPT (bleeding component) scores were reasonable and similar to their performances in the derivation percutaneous coronary intervention populations. Bleeding risk scores may be used to predict longitudinal bleeding risk in patients with ACS treated with DAPT without revascularization and help support shared decision making.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT00699998.
Effect of Adding Ticagrelor to Standard Aspirin on Saphenous Vein Graft Patency in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (POPular CABG)
Authors: Willemsen Laura M. , Janssen Paul W.A. , Peper Joyce , Soliman-Hamad Mohamed A. , van Straten Albert H.M. , Klein Patrick , Hackeng Chris M. , Sonker Uday , Bekker Margreet W.A. , von Birgelen Clemens , Brouwer Marc A. , van der Harst Pim , Vlot Eline A. , Deneer Vera H.M. , Chan Pin Yin Dean R.P.P. , Gimbel Marieke E. , Beukema Kasper F. , Daeter Edgar J. , Kelder Johannes C. , Tijssen Jan G.P. , Rensing Benno J.W.M. , van Es Hendrik W. , Swaans Martin J. , ten Berg Jurrien M.
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND:

Approximately 15% of saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) occlude during the first year after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) despite aspirin use. The POPular CABG trial (The Effect of Ticagrelor on Saphenous Vein Graft Patency in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery) investigated whether ticagrelor added to standard aspirin improves SVG patency at 1 year after CABG.

METHODS:

In this investigator-initiated, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial, patients with ≥1 SVGs were randomly assigned (1:1) after CABG to ticagrelor or placebo added to standard aspirin (80 or 100 mg). The primary outcome was SVG occlusion at 1 year, assessed with coronary computed tomography angiography, in all patients who had primary outcome imaging available. A generalized estimating equation model was used to perform the primary analysis per SVG. The secondary outcome was 1-year SVG failure, which was a composite of SVG occlusion, SVG revascularization, myocardial infarction in myocardial territory supplied by a SVG, or sudden death.

RESULTS:

Among 499 randomized patients, the mean age was 67.9±8.3 years, 87.1% were male, the indication for CABG was acute coronary syndrome in 31.3%, and 95.2% of procedures used cardiopulmonary bypass. Primary outcome imaging was available in 219 patients in the ticagrelor group and 224 patients in the placebo group. The SVG occlusion rate in the ticagrelor group was 9.6% (44 of 457 SVGs) versus 10.1% in the placebo group (50 of 497 SVGs; odds ratio, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.49–1.55];
P
=0.64). SVG failure occurred in 32 patients (12.9%) in the ticagrelor group versus 32 patients (13.0%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.63–1.69]).

CONCLUSIONS:

In this randomized, placebo-controlled trial, the addition of ticagrelor to standard aspirin did not reduce SVG occlusion at 1 year after CABG.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02352402. URL:
https://eudract.ema.europa.eu/
; Unique identifier: 2014-002142-50.
MicroRNA‐26a Protects the Heart Against Hypertension‐Induced Myocardial Fibrosis
Authors: Zhang Wenqian , Wang Qiaozhu , Feng Yanjing , Chen Xuegui , Yang Lijun , Xu Min , Wang Xiaofang , Li Weicheng , Niu Xiaolin , Gao Dengfeng
Published: August 2020

Background

Hypertensive myocardial fibrosis (MF) is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix and cardiac fibroblast proliferation, which can lead to heart failure, malignant arrhythmia, and sudden death. In recent years, with the deepening of research, microRNAs have been found to have an important role in blood pressure control and maintaining normal ventricular structure and function.

Methods and Results

In this study, we first documented the downregulation of microRNA‐26a (miR‐26a) in the plasma and myocardium of spontaneously hypertensive rats; more importantly, miR‐26a–deficient mice showed MF, whereas overexpression of miR‐26a significantly prevented elevated blood pressure and inhibited MF in vivo and angiotensin II‐induced fibrogenesis in cardiac fibroblasts by directly targeting connective tissue growth factor and Smad4. miR‐26a inhibited cardiac fibroblast proliferation by the enhancer of zeste homolog 2/p21 pathway.

Conclusions

Our study identified a novel role for miR‐26a in blood pressure control and hypertensive MF and provides a possible treatment strategy for miR‐26a to alleviate and reverse hypertensive MF.
Steering and Influence in Transnational Climate Governance: Nonstate Engagement in Solar Geoengineering Research
Authors: Horton Joshua B. , Koremenos Barbara
Published: August 2020

Theorists of transnational climate governance (TCG) seek to account for the increasing involvement of nonstate and substate actors in global climate policy. While transnational actors have been present in the emerging field of solar geoengineering—a novel technology intended to reflect a fraction of sunlight back to space to reduce climate impacts—many of their most significant activities, including knowledge dissemination, scientific capacity building, and conventional lobbying, are not captured by the TCG framework. Insofar as TCG is identified with transnational governance and transnational governance is important to reducing climate risks, an incomplete TCG framework is problematic for effective policy making. We attribute this shortcoming on the part of TCG to its exclusive focus on steering and corollary exclusion of influence as a critical component of governance. Exercising influence, for example, through inside and outside lobbying, is an important part of transnational governance—it complements direct governing with indirect efforts to inform, persuade, pressure, or otherwise influence both governor and governed. Based on an empirical analysis of solar geoengineering research governance and a theoretical consideration of alternative literatures, including research on interest groups and nonstate advocacy, we call for a broader theory of transnational governance that integrates steering and influence in a way that accounts for the full array of nonstate and substate engagements beyond the state.
Large-Scale Carbon Dioxide Removal: The Problem of Phasedown
Authors: Parson Edward A. , Buck Holly J.
Published: August 2020

Most scenarios that achieve present climate targets of limiting global heating to 1.5°–2.0°C rely on large-scale carbon dioxide removal (CDR) to drive net emissions negative after mid-century. Scenarios that overshoot and return to a future temperature target, or that aim to restore some prior climate, require CDR to be rapidly deployed, operated for a century or so, then greatly reduced or phased out. This need for future phasedown presents challenges to near-term policies that have been underexamined. A CDR enterprise of climate-relevant scale will require financial flows of billions to trillions of dollars per year. The enterprise and supporting policies will create risks of lock-in via mobilized actors whose interests favor continuance as well as other mechanisms. The future phasedown need implies suggestive guidance for near-term decisions about removal methods and design of associated policy and business environments. First, variation among methods’ scale constraints and cost structures suggests a rough ordering of methods by severity of future phasedown challenges. Second, of the three potential means to motivate removals—profitable products incorporating removed carbon, extended emissions-pricing policies, or public procurement contracts—public procurement appears to present the fewest roadblocks to future phasedown.
A new dipteromantispid from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (Neuroptera: Dipteromantispidae)

Authors: AZAR DANY , MAKSOUD SIBELLE , HUANG DIYING
Published: August 2020

Enigmadipteromantispa dimyi gen. et sp. nov., a new dipteromantispid from the mid-Cretaceous amber of Myanmar is described, illustrated, characterized, and its taxonomic position is discussed. Enigmadipteromantispa dimyi gen. et sp. nov. is the seventh dipteromantispid to be discovered from the Burmese amber and provides new insight for understanding the palaeobiodiversity of this Cretaceous family.
Illustrated catalogue of type specimens of insects (Hexapoda) at Coleção Entomológica “Prof. J.M.F.Camargo” (RPSP), Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: ALMEIDA EDUARDO A. B. , COSTA ANNE M. , FILHO JOSÉ AMILCAR TAVARES , ZICHINELLI MARCELA M. P. , QUINTEIRO FÁBIO B.
Published: August 2020

The present catalogue lists the insect types (Hexapoda) deposited at Coleção Entomológica “Prof. J.M.F.Camargo” (RPSP), Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. This collection is known as one of the most significant depositories of stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) for the Brazilian and Neotropical faunas, largely because of the legacy of Professor João Franco Maria de Camargo (in memoriam) and co-workers. The Meliponini constitute the most emblematic portion of the collection, comprising 3,335 type-specimens (66 holotypes, 3,254 paratypes, and 15 paralectotypes), which represent 132 species-names. In addition to stingless bees, 495 type specimens of other Hymenoptera (23 holotypes and 472 paratypes) are deposited at RPSP representing 71 hymenopteran species-names: Agaonidae (16 names), Andrenidae (3 names), non-Meliponini Apidae (21 names), Chrysididae (2 names), Halictidae (16 names), Colletidae (5 names), Megachilidae (5 names), Melittidae (1 name), Pteromalidae (1 name), and Vespidae (1 name); the only other insect order currently represented by types at RPSP is Diptera (Drosophilidae: 2 names). Altogether, there currently are 3,832 type-specimens deposited at RPSP. Label data and additional information from the RPSP registers, literature sources, and taxonomic remarks are given, including photographs of name bearing types and representatives of other type specimens of the species herein considered.
The Impact of Warm and Moist Airmass Perturbations on Arctic Mixed-Phase Stratocumulus
Authors: Eirund Gesa K. , Possner Anna , Lohmann Ulrike
Published: August 2020

The Arctic is known to be particularly sensitive to climate change. This Arctic amplification has partially been attributed to poleward atmospheric heat transport in the form of airmass intrusions. Locally, such airmass intrusions can introduce moisture and temperature perturbations. The effect of airmass perturbations on boundary layer and cloud changes and their impact on the surface radiative balance has received increased attention, especially over sea ice with regard to sea ice melt. Utilizing cloud-resolving model simulations, this study addresses the impact of airmass perturbations occurring at different altitudes on stratocumulus clouds for open-ocean conditions. It is shown that warm and moist airmass perturbations substantially affect the boundary layer and cloud properties, even for the relatively moist environmental conditions over the open ocean. The cloud response is driven by temperature inversion adjustments and strongly depends on the perturbation height. Boundary layer perturbations weaken and raise the inversion, which destabilizes the lower troposphere and involves a transition from stratocumulus to cumulus clouds. In contrast, perturbations occurring in the lower free troposphere lead to a lowering but strengthening of the temperature inversion, with no impact on cloud fraction. In simulations where free-tropospheric specific humidity is further increased, multilayer mixed-phase clouds form. Regarding energy balance changes, substantial surface longwave cooling arises out of the stratocumulus break-up simulated for boundary layer perturbations. Meanwhile, the net surface longwave warming increases resulting from thicker clouds for airmass perturbations occurring in the lower free troposphere.
Topographic Rossby Waves at Two Different Periods in the Northwest Pacific Basin
Authors: Miyamoto Masatoshi , Oka Eitarou , Yanagimoto Daigo , Fujio Shinzou , Nagasawa Maki , Mizuta Genta , Imawaki Shiro , Kurogi Masao , Hasumi Hiroyasu
Published: August 2020

To clarify characteristics and mechanisms of mesoscale variability in the deep ocean, we conducted a two-dimensional observation with a 3 × 3 grid mooring array around site R (30°N, 147°E) during 2014–16. We analyze the obtained velocity data together with past mooring observation data in the northwest Pacific basin and outputs of an ocean general circulation model (OGCM). In our two-dimensional mooring observations, the variability of zonal and meridional velocities at a depth of 4000 m was prominent at periods of 174 and 58 days, respectively. The variability at periods of 174 and 58 days propagated to the northwest and west-southwest, respectively, as a single plane wave. The variability at the period of 58 days was considered to be topographic Rossby waves (TRWs) under stratification originated in the Kuroshio Extension region north of site R, as demonstrated by our previous study. At the period of 174 days, zonal and meridional wavenumbers estimated from the phase lag for zonal velocities also satisfied the dispersion relation of TRWs under stratification. Backward ray tracing from site R indicated that energy of TRWs propagated from the eastern slope of the Shatsky Rise to site R almost along f/H contours, where f is the Coriolis parameter and H is water depth. The orientation of major axis of variance ellipses at periods of 174 days and longer, obtained from the past mooring observations and the OGCM outputs, tended to be parallel to f/H contours, being consistent with the direction of energy propagation of TRWs.
Do We Know Our Own Tornado Season? A Psychological Investigation of Perceived Tornado Likelihood in the Southeast United States
Authors: Broomell Stephen B. , Wong-Parodi Gabrielle , Morss Rebecca E. , Demuth Julie L.
Published: August 2020

Reducing fatalities from tornadoes in the southeastern United States requires considering multiple societal factors, including the risk perceptions that influence how people interpret tornado forecasts and warnings and make protective decisions. This study investigates perceptions of tornado risk in the southeastern United States, operationalized as judgments of tornado likelihood. While it is possible that residents of the Southeast could learn about tornado likelihood in their region from observing the local environment, cognitive-ecological theory from psychology suggests that such judgments of likelihood can be inaccurate, even if other aspects of local knowledge are accurate. This study analyzes data from a survey that elicited different groups’ judgments of tornado likelihood associated with different seasons, times of day, and storm system types. Results are presented from a representative sample of Southeastern residents and are compared with a sample of tornado experts (who have extensive knowledge about the likelihood of Southeastern tornadoes) and a representative sample of Great Plains residents. Overall, the analysis finds that many members of the Southeastern public deviate from the expert sample on tornado likelihood, especially for winter and overnight tornadoes. These deviations from expert opinion mimic the judgments of the Great Plains public. This study demonstrates how psychological theory and a decision science approach can be used to identify potential gaps in public knowledge about hazardous weather risks, and it reveals several such potential gaps. Further research is needed to understand the reasons for deviations between public and expert judgments, evaluate their effects on protective decision-making, and develop strategies to address them.
Technology and the Local Community: Uses of Drones in #NoDAPL Movement and Dandora Dumpsite Storytelling
Authors: Casagrande Gaia , Khaddar Mohamed Amine , Parisi Stefania
Published: August 2020

This article aims to explore the connection between drones and alternative journalistic narratives for local communities. Starting from the frame of digital technologies domestication, we explore how UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) could allow mediated practices of mobilization and resistance. By adopting an exploratory approach, we considered two case studies of drone journalism related to specific community issues that share similar characteristics of social inequalities and environmental risks and analyzed the journalistic work by Digital Smoking Signal, related to the #NoDAPL protests, and the African skyCAM reconstruction of the Dandora dumpsite in Kenya. As a result, we are able to show how the appropriation and use of drones can help communities to highlight some underinvestigated social issues. The analysis underlines two different ways of using drone technology to support the local community’s narrative, based on the level of involvement of the journalists in the community cause itself.
Age-Based Trends of Gastric Adenocarcinoma in the United States
Authors: Trumbull Denslow , Lemini Riccardo , Elli Enrique F. , Bagaria Sanjay P. , Attwood Kristopher , Gabriel Emmanuel
Published: August 2020

Background

Recent studies have shown an increase in the incidence of gastric cancer (GC) among young adults in Asia and Latin America. However, it is unknown if a similar trend is happening in the United States (US).

Methods

A retrospective review of the National Cancer Data Base was conducted to identify patients diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma between the years of 2004 and 2013.

Results

A total of 93 734 patients were included. The 2 age groups below 40 did not see a change in GC incidence; however, age groups above 40 had increasing incidence. Patients aged 18-25 had the largest proportion of stage 4 disease and a poor survival (median 11.5 months), compared to older patients.

Conclusion

Despite the increasing trend of GC among individuals, the incidence of GC among young adults is not increasing. However, this subpopulation presents at more advanced stages (clinical stage 4) and thus has worse survival.
School Personnel Perception of Parental Involvement and Students’ Behavior Problems: Practical Implications
Authors: Caridade Sónia , Azevedo Vanessa , Dinis Maria Alzira Pimenta , Sani Ana , Nunes Laura M.
Published: August 2020

School is a privileged context to prevent specific behavior problems. Parental involvement in school activities is crucial to promote social functioning. This study aimed to access the Portuguese school personnel perception of parental involvement and students’ behavior problems. A study with 333 school personnel, aged between 29 and 66 ( M = 50.84, SD = 7.54), was developed. School personnel’s participants rated parental involvement as low and nearly one in five professionals rated student’s general behavior as bad. A significant association between parental involvement and the perception of students’ general behavior was found. 80% of the professionals rating student’s general behavior as bad also rating parental involvement as poor. Additional research into implications of parental involvement in school activities and school students’ behavior problems is necessary aiming assessment, prevention, and intervention strategies in this area.
The dynamics between urban planning and public policy: lessons and experiences from the city of Beijing, China
Authors: Li Dongquan , Lan G. Zhiyong
Published: August 2020

Urban planning in China, as well as in many other countries, is viewed as a distinctive governmental function, making strategic and land-use plans for urban development. In recent decades, the urbanization process has intensified, especially in densely populated countries in Asia. Urban centers have often grown faster than the planners’ wildest imagination, creating an enormous amount of urban problems, such as congestion, traffic jams, infrastructure shortfalls, service inconveniences, and pollution. By reviewing the dynamics between urban planning models and urban development policy issues and priorities in Beijing, China’s mega-capital city, this article demonstrates the importance of viewing urban planning as an essential component of public policy and the importance of striving for the better integration of planning and urban governance. The planning profession itself also needs to be innovated to enable domestic and international learning, to embrace planners with varying disciplinary backgrounds, and to use new and open planning methods. Only by so doing can planning truly lead to an urban formation of enduring utility, aesthetic beauty, and spatial justice that can offer a constantly refreshing urban experience.
A Jewish Italienische Reise during the Nazi period
Authors: Wobick-Segev Sarah
Published: August 2020

This article unravels the complexities revealed in the act of traveling to and photographing Fascist Italy in order to consider the intricacies of a particularly German-Jewish engagement with contested and highly politicized spaces and scenes. It examines four specific images in the album: namely, one photo from South Tyrol/Alto Adige along with the three images from a Fascist night-time rally in Venice. Together, they visually capture the Italian celebration of its conquest of Ethiopia in May 1936. I argue that for these German-Jewish tourists Italy served as a means to critically contemplate Fascist politics and to understand their place as German Jews in the contemporary world order. The coincidental timing of Italy’s victory over Ethiopian forces afforded the travelers with an unusual, though not entirely unique opportunity to witness, and participate in, a Fascist spectacle, even as they negotiated its meaning. The timing of their visit also allowed the individual(s) to make both a visual and a brief textual statement about colonialism in its last throes, shortly before the Second World War broke out and before the beginning of decolonization.
Cooperating Music Teachers’ Opinions Regarding the Importance of Selected Traits, Behaviors, and Skills as Predictors of Successful Student Teaching Experiences
Authors: Edelman Philip B.
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the perceptions of cooperating teachers regarding the importance of certain teacher traits, behaviors, and skills as predictors of a successful student teaching experience. The sample consisted of teachers who had served as cooperating teachers ( N = 519). Participants rated a list of 40 teacher traits, behaviors, and skills based on their (perceived) importance as predictors of student teacher success. I constructed ranked lists for each demographic grouping of respondents by the mean score for each item, and these lists were examined using a method put forward by Teachout. Results revealed that the highest-rated items regardless of demographic grouping variables were demonstrating appropriate social behavior, stress management, fostering appropriate student behavior, establishing a positive rapport with others, and enthusiasm. All participant groups rated personal traits, behaviors, and skills as most important; followed by teaching traits, behaviors, and skills; then musical traits, behaviors, and skills. Content analyses of open-ended questions revealed that no items had a universal meaning among participants in this study.
Effect of the dyeing process on thermal and dyeing properties of poly(butylene terephthalate) fibers
Authors: Zhao Shuqiang , Gao Zhe , Jiang Gaoming , Wang Jiankang , Miao Xuhong , Wan Ailan
Published: August 2020

A medium- and low-temperature disperse dye was applied as a dyeing material for poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) fibers using a cost-effective and scalable approach. The relationship between the dyeing process and thermal or dyeing properties, such as the dye uptake percentage and color fastness properties, was systematically investigated. Interestingly, with the increase of the C. I. Disperse Red 167 concentration from 2% o.w.f. (on weight of fiber) to 5% o.w.f. and dyeing temperature, the dyed PBT fibers correspondingly gained better color strength (28.7), an indication of a suitable dye uptake of 93.15%. Furthermore, the incorporation of the dye into PBT fibers improved the decomposition temperature and melting or crystallization temperature, and the storage modulus was higher than that of undyed PBT fibers using this simple approach. Therefore, these promising results would be a significant component to enhance or regulate the significant thermal stability of PBT fibers in the dyeing field. Also, they would go a long way to support the idea that the present approach is useful for further industrialization of the dyeing process because of its low cost and suitability for a large-scale process.
Transnational gentrification: The crossroads of transnational mobility and urban research
Authors: Hayes Matthew , Zaban Hila
Published: August 2020

This introduction to the special issue introduces the contributors’ articles and identifies key themes relating to how increased transnational mobility has affected urbanisation processes in many cities, resulting in the globalisation of rent gaps. A mix of local and transnational real estate interests work to attract higher-income lifestyle migrants and tourists, often from higher-income countries to lower-income urban space in order to increase its exchange value. In the process, however, they act to reduce the use value of urban space to lower-income residents. The introduction notes that the acceleration of lifestyle mobilities moving through urban spaces, and the development of transnational lifestyles of urban place consumption, have produced new forms of gentrification – not merely the spread of an urban strategy to new cities, but the planetarisation of rent gaps. Transnational gentrification is the form of contemporary urbanisation that occurs as a result of closing these rent gaps through attraction of higher income, transnational migrants, often from high-income countries in Northern Europe and North America.
Model predictive control-based control strategy to reduce driving-mode switching times for parallel hybrid electric vehicle
Authors: Fu Jiangtao , Fu Zhumu , Song Shuzhong
Published: August 2020

Multi-power sources are included in hybrid electrical vehicles, which leads to multi-driving modes co-existing when driving the vehicle. However, the frequent driving mode switching (DMS) will probably need the engine to be started frequently, which can result in extra fuel consumption. So, avoiding unnecessary DMS should be fully considered when designing the control strategy. For solving this problem, a model predictive control (MPC) strategy integrating Markov chain driving intention identification is put forward. First, the component models of the powertrain system are established. Second, according to the real driving cycle data, a driving intention model based on the Markov chain is designed according to the real driving cycle data. Then the MPC-based control strategy aiming at reducing DMS times is proposed by integrating the cost of DMS. Finally, the proposed control strategy is contrasted with three other control strategies to verify its validity in reducing the mode switching times and improving the fuel economy.
Integrated nonlinear robust adaptive control for active front steering and direct yaw moment control systems with uncertainty observer
Authors: Zhang Jiaxu , Zhou Shiying , Li Fengjun , Zhao Jian
Published: August 2020

This paper presents an integrated nonlinear robust adaptive controller with uncertainty observer for active front wheel steering system and direct yaw moment control system. First, an integrated vehicle chassis control model is established as the nominal model with the additive and multiplicative uncertainties of the system. Secondly, an integrated nonlinear robust adaptive control law with the additive uncertainty observer is designed via Lyapunov stability theory to calculate the corrective yaw moment, and an adaptive law is designed based on projection correction method to online estimate and compensate the multiplicative uncertainty of the system. Then, the constrained optimal allocation problem of the corrective yaw moment is transformed into the nonlinear optimization problem, and the sequential quadratic programming method is used to solve the nonlinear optimization problem to coordinate active front wheel steering system and direct yaw moment control system. Finally, the performance of the proposed integrated nonlinear robust adaptive controller is verified via vehicle dynamics simulation software.
The contribution of motor functions to academic achievement in primary school: State of the art and future directions
Authors: Fastame Maria Chiara
Published: August 2020

This review is intended to point out the role played by motor skills proficiency in the academic achievement of typically and atypically developing pupils who are attending primary school. First, the interplay between motor and cognitive development will be presented. Next, the cognitive phenotype, not yet deeply investigated, of a neurodevelopmental condition associated with the atypical development of motor functions (known as Developmental Coordination Disorder) will be illustrated. Thus, the contribution of motor functions to academic learning and the impact of motor difficulties for pupils attending primary school will be discussed. In addition, the importance of developing observational tools to be used in educational settings and the need for effective interventions designed to empower motor functioning and academic achievement of atypically developing pupils with motor deficits will be highlighted. Finally, future directions within the educational agencies for the early detection of the atypically developing motor trajectories and their treatment will be traced.
Development of renewable energy multi-energy complementary hydrogen energy system (A Case Study in China): A review
Authors: Li Zheng , Zhang Wenda , Zhang Rui , Sun Hexu
Published: August 2020

The hydrogen energy system based on the multi-energy complementary of renewable energy can improve the consumption of renewable energy, reduce the adverse impact on the power grid system, and has the characteristics of green, low carbon, sustainable, etc., which is currently a global research hotspot. Based on the basic principles of hydrogen production technology, this paper introduces the current hydrogen energy system topology, and summarizes the technical advantages of renewable energy complementary hydrogen production and the complementary system energy coordination forms. The problems that have been solved or reached consensus are summarized, and the current status of hydrogen energy system research at home and abroad is introduced in detail. On this basis, the key technologies of multi-energy complementation of hydrogen energy system are elaborated, especially in-depth research and discussion on coordinated control strategies, energy storage and capacity allocation, energy management, and electrolysis water hydrogen production technology. The development trend of the multi-energy complementary system and the hydrogen energy industry chain is also presented, which provides a reference for the development of hydrogen production technology and hydrogen energy utilization of the renewable energy complementary system.
Cost-Effectiveness of Intraoperative CT Scanning in Cochlear Implantation in Fee-for-Service and Bundled Payment Models
Authors: Mitchell Margaret B. , Labadie Robert F.
Published: August 2020

Objective:

Electrode array tip fold-over is a complication of cochlear implant surgery that results in poor hearing outcomes and often leads to revision surgery. However, tip fold-over can be corrected immediately if identified through intraoperative computed tomography, which also potentially provides information about final intracochlear positioning. Our objective was to provide the first economic analysis of intraoperative computed tomography by generating models in fee-for-service and bundled payment reimbursement structures of payer and institutional cost-effectiveness of this technology used in cochlear implantation over 1, 5, and 10-year time periods.

Methods:

Cost data specific to a commerically available intraoperative computed tomography machine was obtained from the manufacturer, Xoran Technologies. Institutional tip fold-over rate was obtained from already published data. Medicare reimbursement rate for cochlear implantation was obtained from institutional accountants. Private payer reimbursement for and cost of revision cochlear implantation were estimated based on available data.

Results and Conclusion:

At large volume centers, cost-effectiveness of this technology is possible in both fee-for-service and bundled payment reimbursement structures at various time points dependent on payer mix. Even low volume cochlear implantation centers (<150 per year) can financially benefit from intraoperative computed tomography in bundled payment models at 5- and 10-year periods regardless of payer mix. This model demonstrates key factors at play in determining cost-effectiveness of this technology including institutional factors and payer type and suggests this technology can align incentives both to improve patient care and outcomes with institutional and payer financial well-being.
A multi-strategy approach for the merging of multiple taxonomies
Authors: Chen Mao , Wu Chao , Yang Zongkai , Liu Sanya , Chen Zengzhao , He Xiuling
Published: August 2020

Taxonomy merging is an important work to provide a uniform schema for several heterogeneous taxonomies. Previous studies primarily focus on merging two taxonomies in a specific domain, while the merging of multiple taxonomies has been neglected. This article proposes a taxonomy merging approach to automatically merge multiple source taxonomies into a target taxonomy in an asymmetric manner. The approach adopts a strategy of breaking up the whole into parts to decrease the complexity of merging multiple taxonomies and employs a block-based method to reduce the scale of measuring semantic relations between concept pairs. In addition, for the problem of multiple inheritance, a method of topical coverage is proposed. Experiments conducted on synthetic and real-world scenarios indicate that the proposed merging approach is feasible and effective to merge multiple taxonomies. In particular, the proposed approach works well in the aspects of limiting the semantic redundancy and establishing high-quality hierarchical relations between concepts.
How parental viewpoint and personality affect gifted child outcomes
Authors: Ruf Deborah L
Published: August 2020

A 17-year longitudinal follow-up of 56 American gifted children investigates and gives examples of a variety of social, emotional, and career outcomes for children who are in the same intellectual ranges. Evaluated for 5 Levels of Giftedness 1 as children, the subjects’ intellectual abilities are compared within and across five ability levels of typical to exceptionally and profoundly gifted. The subjects’ current age range is 22 to 43. Results indicate that it is the parental personality and viewpoint that most significantly make the difference in outcomes. That is, parental actions and advocacy on behalf of their gifted children are a function of their viewpoint and personality preference. Stated simply as one example: for parents who believe—hold the viewpoint that—either the school or their child should make changes in their behaviors, they often end up in recurring battles of the will rather than satisfactory or good results. When parents discover what works most naturally for their child’s ways of learning, they can take positive actions to find an environment that already exists or they can establish an environment that opens up a good “fit” not only in their child’s learning and academic realm, but in the social, emotional, and eventual adult career domains, as well.
Discovering the Fabric of Supportive Conversations: A Typology of Speaking Turns and Their Contingencies
Authors: Bodie Graham D. , Jones Susanne M. , Brinberg Miriam , Joyer Amy M. , Solomon Denise Haunani , Ram Nilam
Published: August 2020

This study examines messages that problem disclosers and supportive listeners enact during conversations about everyday stressors. We coded 402 dyadic interactions between strangers, friends, and romantic couples using Stiles’s (1992) verbal response modes (VRM) and Burleson’s (1982) verbal person centeredness (PC) typology to explore whether (a) listener and discloser utterances coalesce into types of speaking turns, (b) listener turn types vary in person-centered quality, (c) listener turns relate to discloser responses, and (d) discloser responses relate to listener turns. Analyses revealed a typology for both listener and discloser turns: acknowledgment, advisement, question, elaboration, hedged disclosure, and reflection. The relative proportion of those types varied as a function of conversational role and relationship context, and these speech acts varied only minimally in PC. Configural frequency analyses revealed four greater-than-chance contingencies across data sets. The discussion highlights implications for a dyadic and dynamic understanding of supportive communication.
(Z)-7,4'-dimethoxy-6-hydroxy-aurone-4-O-β-glucopyranoside attenuates lipoteichoic acid-induced damage in rat cardiomyoblast cells
Authors: Song Qiang , Xie Xuegang , Hu Zhi , Xue Jianying , Zhang Songlin , Xie Xinming
Published: August 2020

Objective

Excessive inflammatory responses in the endocardium are related to progression of infectious endocarditis. This study aimed to investigate whether (Z)-7,4'-dimethoxy-6-hydroxy-aurone-4-O-β-glucopyranoside (DHAG), a compound isolated from the endophytic fungus Penicillium citrinum of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, could attenuate cell damage caused by lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in embryonic rat heart cells (H9c2).

Methods

LTA-induced cell damage occurred in H9c2 cells and the protective effects of DHAG at different concentrations (1–10  µM) were assessed. Indicators of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in H9c2 cells were measured.

Results

DHAG (1–10  µM) significantly attenuated LTA-induced damage in H9c2 cells, as evidenced by increased cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased cytochrome c release and DNA fragmentation, inhibition of caspase-3 and -9 activity, and altered expression of apoptosis-related proteins. DHAG also decreased oxidative stress by increasing protein expression of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). Furthermore, DHAG inhibited inflammatory responses by decreasing protein expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs).

Conclusion

DHAG exerted protective effects against LTA-induced cell damage, at least partially by decreasing oxidative stress and inhibiting inflammatory responses. Our results provide a scientific rational for developing DHAG as a therapy against infectious endocarditis.
Clinical factors affecting prognosis of limb osteosarcoma in China: a multicenter retrospective analysis
Authors: Han Jia , Yu Yiyang , Wu Sujia , Wang Zhen , Zhang Weibin , Zhao Ming , Yao Yang , Hu Yongcheng , Wang Wenjian , Liu Xiaozhou , Yu Wenxi , Cheng Jie , Yu Lili , Bao Qiyuan , Zhang Guochuan , Yu Xiuchun , Song Ruoxian
Published: August 2020

Objective

This study was performed to explore the relationship between various clinical factors and the prognosis of limb osteosarcoma.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 336 patients with limb osteosarcoma treated from June 2000 to August 2016 at 7 Chinese cancer centers. Data on the patients’ clinical condition, treatment method, complications, recurrences, metastasis, and prognosis were collected and analyzed. Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox regression models were used to analyze the data.

Results

The patients comprised 204 males and 132 females ranging in age from 6 to 74 years (average, 21.1 years). The overall 3- and 5-year survival rates were 65.0% and 55.0%, respectively. The 5-year overall survival rate was 64.0% with standard chemotherapy and 45.6% with non-standard chemotherapy. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that standard chemotherapy, surgery, recurrence, and metastasis were independent factors associated with the prognosis of limb osteosarcoma.

Conclusion

The survival of patients with limb osteosarcoma can be significantly improved by combining standard chemotherapy and surgery. The overall survival rate can also be improved by adding methotrexate to doxorubicin–cisplatin–ifosfamide triple chemotherapy.
Effect of zinc supplementation on chronic hepatorenal toxicity following oral exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide (Bushfire®) in rats
Authors: Tizhe Emmanuel Vandi , Ibrahim Najume Dogon-Giginya , Fatihu Mohammed Yakasai , Ambali Suleiman Folorunsho , Igbokwe Ikechukwu Onyebuchi , Tizhe Ussa Delia
Published: August 2020

Objectives

To assess the effects of zinc pretreatment on hepatorenal toxicity following chronic exposure to glyphosate-based herbicides in male rats.

Methods

Following zinc pretreatment (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg), 14.4 to 750 mg/kg of oral glyphosate (Bushfire® herbicide) was administered daily for 36 weeks. Thereafter, serum samples were obtained following jugular venipuncture. Liver and kidney samples were processed for histopathological examination.

Results

Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activity as well as levels of bicarbonate, calcium, creatinine were significantly increased following chronic exposure to Bushfire®. Serum levels of sodium, potassium, chloride, total protein, albumin, globulin and urea were unchanged. Moderate to severe coagulative necrosis of hepatocytes as well as glomerular and renal tubular necrosis were observed in herbicide-treated rats. Zinc pretreatment reduced the elevation of serum enzymes associated with hepatobiliary lesions, abrogated hypercalcemia and metabolic alkalosis, and mitigated serum accumulation of creatinine following Bushfire® exposure, but was ineffective in completely preventing histological lesions.

Conclusion

Chronic Bushfire® exposure in rats caused hepatorenal toxicity. The effects of exposure on serum parameters were ameliorated by zinc pretreatment, but the histopathological changes associated with toxicity persisted in milder forms in zinc-pretreated animals.
Evolving global and national criteria for identifying a suspected case of COVID-19
Authors: Atsawarungruangkit Amporn , Yuan Jin , Kodama Takamitsu , Cheng Ming-Tai , Mansouri Mohammad , Han Boram , Kongkamnerd Jarinrat , Riegg Fabian , Menon Anupama , Moss Steven F.
Published: August 2020

Background

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) began in December 2019 and continues to spread worldwide. Rapid and accurate identification of suspected cases is critical in slowing spread of the virus that causes the disease. We aimed to highlight discrepancies in the various criteria used by international agencies and highly impacted individual countries around the world.

Methods

We reviewed the criteria for identifying a suspected case of COVID-19 used by two international public health agencies and 10 countries across Asia, Europe, and North America. The criteria included information on the clinical causes of illness and epidemiological risk factors. Non-English language guidelines were translated into English by a co-author who is fluent in that particular language.

Results

Although most criteria are modifications of World Health Organization recommendations, the specific clinical features and epidemiological risks for triggering evaluation of patients with suspected COVID-19 differed widely among countries. The rationale for these differences may be related to each country’s resources, politics, experience with previous outbreaks or pandemics, health insurance system, COVID-19 outbreak severity, and other undetermined factors.

Conclusion

We found no consensus regarding the best diagnostic criteria for identifying a suspected case of COVID-19.