bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GOLPH3 inhibits erastin‐induced ferroptosis in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Chen Lihua , Wang Chunxiao , Chen Xiaojing , Wu Yuze , Chen Mingliang , Deng Xian , Qiu Chengzhi
Published: June 2024

Ferroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death and is considered to be a druggable target for colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy. However, the role of ferroptosis in CRC and its underlying mechanism are not fully understood. In the present study we found that a protein enriched in the Golgi apparatus, Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3), was overexpressed in human CRC tissue and in several CRC cell lines. The expression of GOLPH3 was significantly correlated with the expression of ferroptosis‐related genes in CRC. The overexpression of GOLPH3 in Erastin‐induced Caco‐2 CRC cells reduced ferroptotic phenotypes, whereas the knockdown of GOLPH3 potentiated ferroptosis in HT‐29 CRC cells. GOLPH3 induced the expression of prohibitin‐1 (PHB1) and prohibitin‐2 (PHB2), which also inhibited ferroptosis in Erastin‐treated CRC cells. Moreover, GOLPH3 interacted with PHB2 and nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (NRF2) in Caco‐2 cells. These observations indicate that GOLPH3 is a negative regulator of ferroptosis in CRC cells. GOLPH3 protects these cells from ferroptosis by inducing the expression of PHB1 and PHB2, and by interacting with PHB2 and NRF2.
Reaction Mechanisms of Single Metal Site Catalysts Supported on Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Gopakumar Aswin , Ortuño Manuel A. , Lloret‐Fillol Julio
Published: June 2024

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have become a versatile platform to immobilize a wide variety of single‐atom metal catalysts. The resulting post‐synthetic modified materials present a spectrum of valuable properties ranging from homogeneous to heterogeneous systems, such as well‐defined catalytic sites, selectivity, recyclability, and stability. In this minireview, we discuss selected contributions that provide experimental and computational details on reaction mechanisms (e. g., via EXAFS, TEM, and DFT) catalyzed by single‐atom metals embedded within the COF structure. When applicable, we highlight the different behaviour between molecular (homogeneous) and COF‐supported (heterogeneous) sites regarding catalytic performance. With this survey, we aim to decipher the key features that aid in seeing COFs as not merely passive supports but as active items in catalysis.
Harnessing Light and CO2 With Copper‐Nickel on TiO2 Photocatalysts for Methanol Production
Authors: Mutiara Siska , Saputera Wibawa Hendra , Utomo Wahyu Prasetyo , Chung Hoi Ying , Abdi Fatwa Firdaus , Devianto Hary , Sasongko Dwiwahju
Published: June 2024

The contemporary focus on global concerns such as carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions impacting the environment and contributing to the energy crisis has prompted exploration into alternatives, with photocatalysis emerging as a potential solution. This research involved the development of a PT (TiO2) photocatalyst, synthesized through the hydrothermal method and enhanced with double co‐catalysts of copper and nickel via the wet impregnation technique. The characteristics of the resulting photocatalysts were comprehensively examined using various techniques, including XRD, Raman, UV‐Vis DRS, surface area and pore analysis, SEM‐EDX, HRTEM, XPS, PL, and EPR. The characterization outcomes revealed that the PT phase comprised anatase, brookite, and rutile. The incorporation of double co‐catalysts was evident through the emergence of new peaks in the XRD diffraction pattern, corroborated by SEM, HRTEM, and XPS analysis. In the activity test, CNT‐4 (Cu−Ni/TiO2‐400) exhibited the highest methanol yield at 772.41 μmole g−1 h−1, followed by CONTT‐4 (CuO−NiTiO3/TiO2‐400) with 750.38 μmole g−1 h−1 after three hours of irradiation using a 300 W xenon lamp, while methanol in PT formed only after three hours of irradiation. The presence of co‐catalysts significantly influenced methanol yield, attributed to the increased active sites for the reaction and the reduced band gap, impacting light absorption optimization and suppressing electron‐hole recombination. In CNT‐4, the formation of Ti3+ associated with oxygen vacancies facilitated the generation of more products.
Photocatalyst‐Free Visible Light‐Induced C(sp2)−H Arylation of Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones and Coumarins
Authors: Yu Dingzhe , Yang Wenjing , Chen Shuicai , Zhou Cong‐Ying , Guo Zhen
Published: June 2024

Herein, we describe a visible light‐induced C(sp2)−H arylation method for quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones and coumarins using iodonium ylides without the need for external photocatalysts. The protocol demonstrates a broad substrate scope, enabling the arylation of diverse heterocycles through a simple and mild procedure. Furthermore, the photochemical reaction showcases its applicability in the efficient synthesis of biologically active molecules. Computational investigations at the CASPT2//CASSCF/PCM level of theory revealed that the excited state of quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐one facilitates electron transfer from its π bond to the antibonding orbital of the C−I bond in the iodonium ylide, ultimately leading to the formation of an aryl radical, which subsequently participates in the C−H arylation process. In addition, our calculations reveal that during the single‐electron transfer (SET) process, the C−I bond cleavage in iodonium ylide and new C−C bond formation between resultant aryl radical and cationic quinoxaline species take place in a concerned manner. This enables the arylation reaction to efficiently proceed along an energy‐efficient route.
Self‐Assembling Peptide‐Based High‐Relaxivity Targeted MRI Contrast Agents
Authors: O'Brien Andrew M. , Pileski Griffin C. , Henry Matthew P. , Soika Dana Q. M. , Deutsch Alex W. , Hornak Joseph P. , Schmitthenner Hans F.
Published: June 2024

Concentration‐dependent increases in relaxivity (r1) were found to be induced by self‐assembly when Fmoc is adjacent to tryptophan in peptide‐based MRI contrast agents featuring Gd‐DOTA. A series of di‐ and tri‐peptides were synthesized to test the effect of ionic strength, N‐terminal substituent, peptide length, net charge, and relative location of Fmoc and tryptophan on r1 and critical aggregation concentration (CAC) at 1.0 Tesla. Compared to nominal r1 values of 3.5–7.4 mM−1 s−1 per Gd(III), r1 values increased dramatically to 13.2–16.9 mM−1 s−1 per Gd(III) upon self‐assembly, with CACs between 0.22 and 2.59 mM when tested in H2O or PBS. When tested in fetal bovine serum (FBS), the compounds maintained high r1 values of 11.2‐13.0 mM−1 s−1, but had dramatically lower CAC values below 25 μM. These findings guided the synthesis of two targeted, high‐relaxivity MRI contrast agents that contained PSMA‐binding ligand, DCL. Their r1 values in H2O or PBS increased from 5.9–7.4 mM−1 s−1 to 13.5–14.8 mM−1 s−1 with CAC values of 1.65–2.70 mM. In FBS, their r1 values were found to be 11.2–11.9 mM−1 s−1, with CAC values below 25 μM. By the conjugation of targeting agents in the last step of synthesis, a broadly applicable route to targeted, high‐relaxivity MRI contrast agents is offered.
Molecularly targeted immunotherapy used to treat a novel overlap syndrome of pediatric N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDARE) and possible neurosarcoidosis
Authors: Pickup Elizabeth , Redmond Christopher , Sherman Matthew A. , Nair Lakshmi Ramachandran , Sule Sangeeta , Wells Elizabeth , Kornbluh Alexandra B.
Published: June 2024

Objective

Overlap syndromes have been described between N‐methyl‐
d‐aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDARE) and other neuroinflammatory conditions, although rarely involving neurosarcoidosis. Molecularly targeted immunotherapy may be helpful in the empiric treatment of these conditions.

Methods

We describe a 9‐year‐old boy with new‐onset seizures and worsening encephalopathy.

Results

Initial evaluation was concerning for neurosarcoidosis, including elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum angiotensin‐converting enzyme and leptomeningeal with multiple cranial nerve enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging. CSF and serum cytokine profiles were used to choose targeted empiric immunotherapy, and the boy's seizure burden and encephalopathy improved after treatment with tocilizumab. The NMDA receptor antibody titer was later found to be elevated, raising suspicion for a novel overlap syndrome.

Interpretation

Our patient met the criteria for definite NMDARE and possible neurosarcoidosis. Given the mixed radiographic and serologic markers in this child, cytokine levels were used to direct the choice of empiric treatment, resulting in excellent clinical response. This case suggests that targeted immunotherapy informed by cytokine testing may be helpful in cases of high‐acuity pediatric neuroinflammatory disease with limited diagnostic clarity.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of a Polyoxometalates‐Based CuII Complex for Efficient Catalytic Oxidation and Electrochemical Detection
Authors: Liu Xiaohui , Li Muzi , Zhang Libo , Zhang Xiaoyan , Xiao Ru , Xu Na , Li Hui , Wang Xiuli
Published: June 2024

The development of eco‐friendly, high‐efficiency polyoxometalates (POMs) catalysts is vital for advancing catalytic oxidation and electrochemical detection in environmental protection. Herein, a POM‐based CuII‐containing complex with the molecular formula [H(4‐AP)]8[Cu2(H2O)4(P2Mo5O23)2]·8H2O (1) (4‐AP = 4‐aminopyridine) is synthesized using the hydrothermal method, and the crystal structure is determined by single X‐ray diffraction (SXRD), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD). Structurally, complex 1 exhibits a one dimension (1D) chain arrangement, composed of CuII ions and Strandberg‐type (P2Mo5O23)6− anionic clusters. These 1D chains are further interconnected through [H(4‐AP)]+ ligands, resulting in the formation of a two dimension (2D) supramolecular network. Complex 1 serves as an outstanding heterogeneous catalyst for the oxidation of methyl phenyl sulfide (MPS), demonstrating a remarkable conversion rate of 99% for MPS and a selectivity of 98% toward methyl phenyl sulfoxide (MPSO). In addition to its catalytic capabilities, complex 1 is also employed in the electrochemical detection of FeIII and CrVI ions, with low limits of detection (LODs) at 4.92 µm for FeIII and 7.82 µM for CrVI.
Literature review of greenwashing research: State of the art
Authors: Zioło Magdalena , Bąk Iwona , Spoz Anna
Published: June 2024

The article presents the state of research on the greenwashing. Greenwashing is a popular research trend; recently (especially, 2020–2023), more and more systematic reviews have been published. However, unlike other reviews, the article presents the broadest possible research perspective, without highlighting any research trends. The original approach is expressed in the article as a review of literature reviews. As a result of the research conducted using correspondence analysis in the years 2007–2023, 112 publications were isolated and grouped into six clusters presenting publications according to groups of enterprises, the geographical context of the study, entity that can use the research results, and factors negatively correlated with greenwashing. The obtained results show that greenwashing is an increasingly popular research trend; various stakeholders, including governments and financial institutions, can use research results. Articles related to Africa have their characteristics and constitute a separate research motive.
How and when supervisor bottom‐line mentality affects employees' voluntary workplace green behaviors: A goal‐shielding perspective
Authors: Zhang Junwei , Akhtar Muhammad Naseer , Zhang Yajun , Tang Jiao , Yang Qing
Published: June 2024

The present study examines how and when employees respond to supervisor bottom‐line mentality (BLM) by withholding voluntary workplace green behavior (VWGB). Drawing upon goal shielding theory, we developed a serial mediation model explaining that supervisor BLM inhibits their green advocacy, undermining the green work climate (GWC) and reducing employee VWGB. The analyses of multilevel data obtained from 287 employees and 68 supervisors provided support for the study hypotheses. Our findings showed that supervisor BLM constrained their green advocacy, which undermined the GWC and, in turn, dampened employee VWGB. Furthermore, supervisor moral reflectiveness muted the negative association between supervisor BLM and green advocacy and the negative indirect effect of supervisor BLM on employee VWGB serially via supervisor green advocacy and GWC. Our research provides novel insights into the values that responsibly impact voluntary green behaviors in the workplace by illuminating supervisors' BLM, moral reflectiveness, green advocacy, and GWC. Finally, we provide practical implications for leaders committed to enhancing their organization's environmental sustainability. We recommend future studies investigating the consequences of supervisor BLM, underlying mechanisms, and boundary conditions in understanding employees' responses toward workplace green behaviors.
New benzimidazole‐oxadiazole derivatives as potent VEGFR‐2 inhibitors: Synthesis, anticancer evaluation, and docking study
Authors: Acar Çevik Ulviye , Celik Ismail , Görgülü Şennur , Şahin Inan Zeynep Deniz , Bostancı Hayrani Eren , Özkay Yusuf , Kaplacıklı Zafer Asım
Published: June 2024

We report herein, the design and synthesis of benzimidazole‐oxadiazole derivatives as new inhibitors for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐2 (VEGFR‐2). The designed members were assessed for their in vitro anticancer activity against three cancer cell lines and two normal cell lines; A549, MCF‐7, PANC‐1, hTERT‐HPNE and CCD‐19Lu. Compounds 4c and 4d were found to be the most effective compounds against three cancer cell lines. Compounds 4c and 4d were then tested for their in vitro VEGFR‐2 inhibitory activity, safety profiles, and selectivity indices using the normal hTERT‐HPNE and CCD‐19Lu cell lines. It was determined that compound 4c was the most effective and safe member of the produced chemical family. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) immunolocalizations of compounds 4c and 4d were evaluated relative to control by VEGFA immunofluorescence staining. Compounds 4c and 4d inhibited VEGFR‐2 enzyme with half‐maximal inhibitory concentration values of 0.475 ± 0.021 and 0.618 ± 0.028 µM, respectively. Molecular docking of the target compounds was carried out in the active site of VEGFR‐2 (Protein Data Bank: 4ASD).
Numerical study on gas production via a horizontal well from hydrate reservoirs with different slope angles in the South China Sea
Authors: Luo Tingting , Song Jianlin , Sun Xiang , Cheng Fanbao , Bangalore Narasimha Murthy Madhusudhan , Chen Yulu , Zhao Yi , Song Yongchen
Published: June 2024

It is important to study the effect of hydrate production on the physical and mechanical properties of low‐permeability clayey–silty reservoirs for the large‐scale exploitation of hydrate reservoirs in the South China Sea. In this study, a multiphysical‐field coupling model, combined with actual exploration drilling data and the mechanical experimental data of hydrate cores in the laboratory, was established to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of low‐permeability reservoirs with different slope angles during 5‐year hydrate production by the depressurization method via a horizontal well. The result shows that the permeability of reservoirs severely affects gas production rate, and the maximum gas production amount of a 20‐m‐long horizontal well can reach 186.8 m3/day during the 5‐year hydrate production. Reservoirs with smaller slope angles show higher gas production rates. The depressurization propagation and hydrate dissociation mainly develop along the direction parallel to the slope. Besides, the mean effective stress of reservoirs is concentrated in the near‐wellbore area with the on‐going hydrate production, and gradually decreases with the increase of the slope angle. Different from the effective stress distribution law, the total reservoir settlement amount first decreases and then increases with the increase of the slope angle. The maximum settlement of reservoirs with a 0° slope angle is up to 3.4 m, and the displacement in the near‐wellbore area is as high as 2.2 m after 5 years of hydrate production. It is concluded that the pore pressure drop region of low‐permeability reservoirs in the South China Sea is limited, and various slope angles further lead to differences in effective stress and strain of reservoirs during hydrate production, resulting in severe uneven settlement of reservoirs.
Unraveling the Harmonious Coexistence of Ruthenium States on a Self‐Standing Electrode for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Ma Joonhee , Cho Jin Hyuk , Lee Chaehyeon , Kang Moon Sung , Choi Sungkyun , Jang Ho Won , Ahn Sang Hyun , Back Seoin , Kim Soo Young
Published: June 2024

The development of cost‐effective, highly efficient, and durable electrocatalysts has been a paramount pursuit for advancing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, a simplified synthesis protocol was designed to achieve a self‐standing electrode, composed of activated carbon paper embedded with Ru single‐atom catalysts and Ru nanoclusters (ACP/RuSAC+C) via acid activation, immersion, and high‐temperature pyrolysis. Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) calculations are employed to gain a more profound understanding of the impact of acid activation on carbon paper. Furthermore, the coexistence states of the Ru atoms are confirmed via aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (AC‐STEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Experimental measurements and theoretical calculations reveal that introducing a Ru single‐atom site adjacent to the Ru nanoclusters induces a synergistic effect, tuning the electronic structure and thereby significantly enhancing their catalytic performance. Notably, the ACP/RuSAC+C exhibits a remarkable turnover frequency (TOF) of 18 s−1 and an exceptional mass activity (MA) of 2.2 A mg−1, surpassing the performance of conventional Pt electrodes. The self‐standing electrode, featuring harmoniously coexisting Ru states, stands out as a prospective choice for advancing HER catalysts, enhancing energy efficiency, productivity, and selectivity.
The importance of precise and suitable descriptors in data‐driven approach to boost development of lithium batteries: A perspective
Authors: Wang Zehua , Wang Li , Zhang Hao , Xu Hong , He Xiangming
Published: June 2024

Conventional approaches for developing new materials may no longer be adequate to meet the urgent needs of humanity's energy transition. The emergence of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) has led materials scientists to recognize the potential of using AI/ML to accelerate the creation of new battery materials. Although fixed material properties have been extensively studied as descriptors to establish the link between AI and materials chemistry, they often lack versatility and accuracy due to a lack of understanding of the underlying mechanisms of AI/ML. Therefore, materials scientists need to have a comprehensive understanding of the operational mechanisms and learning logic of AI/ML to design more accurate descriptors. This paper provides a review of previous research studies conducted on AI, ML, and descriptors, which have been used to address challenges at various levels, ranging from materials development to battery performance prediction. Additionally, it introduces the basics of AI and ML to assist materials and battery developers in comprehending their operational mechanisms. The paper demonstrates the significance of precise and suitable ML descriptors in the creation of new battery materials. It does so by providing examples, summarizing current descriptors and ML algorithms, and examining the potential implications of future AI advancements for the sustainable energy industry.
Facilitating aerospace engineering senior design: Integrating lab curriculum redesign with student project and new technologies
Authors: Chen Mingtai
Published: June 2024

This study addresses a gap in existing literature by exploring the impact of an aerodynamics laboratory course on students' readiness for senior design projects in Aerospace Engineering at North Carolina State University. The redesigned curriculum focuses on propellers, aligning with the increasing popularity of senior design projects involving fixed‐wing aircraft and multi‐rotor systems in the Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department. The updated course incorporates Additive Manufacturing (AM) and an anechoic chamber for the first time, outlining its structure, objectives, and pivotal concepts. The use of data acquisition codes streamlines experimentation while integrating AM accelerates practical applications of blade element theory (BET). Through an assessment of lab report grades, this initiative significantly enhances students' grasp of propeller concepts, marking a pivotal step in their preparation for senior design projects.
Genetic testing, another important tool in presurgical evaluation of focal epilepsies in childhood
Authors: Garcia‐Uzquiano Rocio , Barcia Giulia , Losito Emma , Chemaly Nicole , Kaminska Anna , Desguerre Isabelle , Blauwblomme Thomas , Boddaert Nathalie , Nabbout Rima
Published: June 2024

Epilepsy surgery may be a curative therapy for patients with drug‐resistant epilepsies when focal lesions or foci are identified. Genetic testing is not yet routinely included in many presurgical evaluation programs although recent evidence support that finding a germline genetic mutation could help to better delineate the patient candidacy to surgery and provide valuable information on the expected surgery outcome. In this study, we report nine patients presenting drug‐resistant focal epilepsy enrolled in presurgical evaluation. We show how the identification of genetic pathogenic variant in epilepsy known genes led to the interruption of the presurgical work‐up and ruled out surgery in 7 of them. We observed that the co‐existence of some recurrent clinical characteristics as early seizures' onset, frequent precipitating factors including fever, and developmental delay or intellectual disability may be useful markers for germline genetic pathogenic variants. In this group, genetic assessment should be mandatory during presurgical work up, mainly in patients with negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or doubtful structural lesions. The integration of next generation targeted sequencing into the presurgical evaluation can improve the selection of candidates for resective surgery and fosters a personalized medicine approach with a better outcome.

Plaine Language Abstract

Genetic testing is not yet systematically included in the pre‐surgical assessment of patients with drug‐resistant focal epilepsies. In this study, through the description of nine patients, we underline how the integration of genomics into the presurgical work up can help in evaluating the patient candidacy to surgery and provide valuable information on expected surgery outcome.
Recent progress in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/nanocellulose composite films for packaging applications: A comprehensive review of the impact on physico‐mechanical properties
Authors: Alvarado Marjun Cabusas
Published: June 2024

As society advances, the demand for innovative and sustainable food processing techniques and materials has grown significantly. The food industry, especially the food packaging sector, faces the challenge of developing cost‐effective and sustainable packaging materials to meet consumers' increasing demands. One promising solution for this is the use of biodegradable polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), but standalone PVA cannot meet the required properties of packaging materials. The use of nanocellulose (NC) as fillers has been intensively studied recently. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of existing studies focusing on the preparation of PVA/NC composite films for packaging applications. The effects of NC loading on the physico‐mechanical properties of these films, including tensile strength, elongation, water absorption/swelling behavior, barrier properties, and optical properties, have been thoroughly examined. Overall, the general findings suggest that the reinforcement of NC in the PVA polymer matrix leads to improvements in the films' properties. Specifically, the addition of NC enhances tensile strength, reduces O2, CO2, and water vapor transmission rates, and decreases the films' propensity to absorb moisture or swell under wet conditions. However, it is important to note that the presence of NC compromises the optical properties of the films by reducing transparency, and the NC content beyond threshold level reduces the feasibility of the composite film. By synthesizing these findings, this review underscores the potential of PVA/NC composite films as promising materials for packaging applications. Moving forward, further research efforts are warranted to optimize the formulation and processing of these composite films to strike a balance between mechanical strength and optical clarity, thus advancing their practical utility in the packaging industry.
Physiotherapy assessment of people with neurological conditions in Australia: A national survey
Authors: Garner Jill , Lange Belinda , Lennon Sheila , van den Berg Maayken
Published: June 2024

Background and Purpose

Currently there are approximately one billion people worldwide affected by a neurological condition. These conditions may result in a variety of impairments that require assessment and management from a physiotherapist. However, there is a lack of consensus in the literature as to what domains physiotherapists working in clinical settings include in their assessment of this population, with only five domains identified in a recent systematic review. This study aimed to explore current physiotherapy assessments in people with neurological conditions, including barriers, enablers, and influencing factors.

Methods

A National online survey of Australian physiotherapists who assessed adults with neurological conditions in their clinical practice.

Results

A total of 212 respondents from all states in Australia completed the survey. The mean (SD) age was 35.7 (9.6) years, and the majority were female (85.4%). Respondents worked across various settings assessing stroke most frequently (58.0%). Study results demonstrated variability in assessment practice, with a number of assessment domains being assessed more commonly including balance, muscle strength, gait, falls and safety, function, goal setting, range of movement, pain, co‐ordination, activity tolerance, postural alignment and symmetry, and the upper limb. Experienced physiotherapists and those in rural and remote settings included fewer domains in their assessments. On the other hand, physiotherapists in the community setting included certain domains more frequently than those in other settings. Barriers and enablers were related to therapist caseload, knowledge, and intrinsic patient factors.

Discussion

There is variability in domains assessed by Australian physiotherapists, with an emerging consensus for a number of assessment domains. Study results suggest that clinical experience, geographical location, and clinical setting may play a role in the assessment patterns observed.

Implications on Physiotherapy Practice

There is little evidence to support what physiotherapists assess in practice, in different settings, in different states within Australia. This study indicates that experience, geographical location, and clinical setting affect the number and types of domains included in the assessment. Further research is needed to develop a consensus on best practices.
Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.): A potential small mighty giant in the field of cosmeceuticals
Authors: Lai‐Foenander Ashley Sean , Kuppusamy Giva , Manogoran Janaranjani , Xu Tengfei , Chen Yong , Tang Siah Ying , Ser Hooi‐Leng , Yow Yoon‐Yen , Goh Khang Wen , Ming Long Chiau , Chuah Lay‐Hong , Yap Wei‐Hsum , Goh Bey‐Hing
Published: June 2024

Background and Aims

Natural products are widely used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries due to their high‐value bioactive compounds, which make for “greener” and more environmentally friendly ingredients. These natural compounds are also considered a safer alternative to antibiotics, which may result in antibiotic resistance as well as unfavorable side effects. The development of cosmeceuticals, which combine the cosmetic and pharmaceutical fields to create skincare products with therapeutic value, has increased the demand for unique natural resources. The objective of this review is to discuss the biological properties of extracts derived from larvae of the black soldier fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens), the appropriate extraction methods, and the potential of this insect as a novel active ingredient in the formulation of new cosmeceutical products. This review also addresses the biological actions of compounds originating from the BSF, and the possible association between the diets of BSF larvae and their subsequent bioactive composition.

Methods

A literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar to identify and evaluate the various biological properties of the BSF.

Results

One such natural resource that may be useful in the cosmeceutical field is the BSF, a versatile insect with numerous potential applications due to its nutrient content and scavenging behavior. Previous research has also shown that the BSF has several biological properties, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and wound healing effects.

Conclusion

Given the range of biological activities and metabolites possessed by the BSF, this insect may have the cosmeceutical potential to treat a number of skin pathologies.
Are miR‐26a and miR‐26b microRNAs potent prognostic markers of gestational diabetes?
Authors: Ghaneialvar Hori , Mohseni Mahdieh Mehrab , Kenarkoohi Azra , Kakaee Saeed
Published: June 2024

Background

Gestational diabetes mellitus is a common public health problem, accompanied by complications for the mother and fetus. So, introducing new biomarkers to identify early diabetes is essential. As serum miRNAs are potentially appropriate markers, we investigated miR‐26a and miR‐26b expression levels in pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes.

Method

Demographic and clinical characteristics of 40 gestational diabetic patients and 40 healthy controls were assessed. The expression level of miR‐26a and miR‐26b microRNAs was measured by real‐time PCR. Statistical analysis was done with GraphPad Prism software (version 8.4.3).

Result

The findings of this study showed that the expression level of miR‐26a and miR‐26b increased in women with gestational diabetes compared with healthy pregnant women, but the increase in expression was only significant for miR‐26a (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

According to the statistical and ROC curves, we suggest miR‐26a as a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus.
Seeing the floods through the trees: Using adaptive shortwave infrared thresholds to map inundation under wooded wetlands
Authors: Lymburner Leo , Ticehurst Catherine , Adame Maria Fernanda , Sengupta Ashmita , Kavehei Emad
Published: June 2024

Accurate information about the extent, frequency and duration of forest inundation is required to inform ecological, biophysical and hydrological models and enables floodplain managers to quantify the efficacy of flood mitigation/modification activities. Open water classifiers derived from optical remote sensing typically underestimate or fail to detect floodplain forest inundation. This paper presents a new method for detecting forest inundation dynamics using freely available Landsat and Sentinel 2 data, referred to as short‐wave infrared mapping under vegetation. The method uses a dynamic threshold that accounts for the additional shortwave infrared reflectance caused by the presence of tree canopies over floodwater. The method is demonstrated at five Ramsar listed River Red Gum floodplain forest wetlands in southeastern Australia. Accuracy assessment based on independent drone imagery from a wide range of vegetated wetlands showed an absolute accuracy of 67%–70% and a fuzzy accuracy of 81%–83%. We found the method is conservative, and underestimates inundation (16%–18%) but very rarely misclassifies dry pixels as inundated (0.3%–0.6%). When compared to river gauge data, the method shows similar trends to an open water classifier (i.e., the area of inundated vegetation increases with increasing river height). The method is conservative compared to lidar‐based floodplain inundation models but can be applied wherever cloud‐free scenes of Landsat or Sentinel 2 have been acquired, thereby enabling floodplain managers with the ability to quantify changes in inundation dynamics in places/time‐periods where lidar is unavailable.
Agricultural intensification and urban expansion affect the seasonal flow regime in southern Ontario watersheds
Authors: Lockett Brandon R. , Buttle James M. , Leach Jason A. , Liu Freddy , Sorichetti Ryan J. , Eimers M. Catherine
Published: June 2024

The mosaic of urban, agricultural and natural covers that typifies most developed landscapes makes it challenging to identify the primary causes of stream flow perturbation in mixed landcover watersheds. This is especially true in southern Ontario, Canada, where approximately 1/3 of the Canadian population lives in urban areas surrounded by agriculture. Whilst previous studies have examined the impacts of urban or agricultural landcover on stream flow separately, they are rarely considered together. Furthermore, major expansions in tile‐drained (TD) cropland in Ontario over the past several decades could affect the flow regime; however, this has never been examined. This study assessed the effect of landcover on flow regime at 19 proximal watersheds that varied in agriculture (0%–87%), natural (2%–97%) and urban landcover (2%–96%) using the Richards–Baker index (RBI), the coefficient of variation (CV) and a Baseflow index (BFI). Urbanized watersheds were consistently the most flashy (highest RBI and CV), regardless of season, whereas agricultural watersheds had moderately flashy conditions that varied between the growing (GS) and non‐growing seasons (NGS). Natural watersheds were the least flashy and had the highest BFI. Watersheds dominated by TD cropland were flashier during the NGS compared with un‐tiled agricultural watersheds. Furthermore, TD‐streams were warmer in the NGS and cooler in the GS, such that the former could affect ice breakup. A 50‐year analysis at three watersheds showed statistically significant increases in flashiness and decreases in BFI at an urbanizing watershed. In contrast, watersheds that remained agricultural or natural underwent small but significant declines in flashiness and increases in baseflow, potentially due to increases in precipitation and forest maturation. Our results suggest that continued expansions of urban and TD cropland may increase NGS flashiness. In contrast, enhanced soil moisture storage provided by TD could decrease the potential for flooding in the GS in southern Ontario.
Context matters: The interactive effect of introvert–extrovert personality traits and object valence on object‐based attention
Authors: Hu Saisai , Yang Tingting
Published: June 2024

Previous research has independently investigated the impact of individual personality traits and object valence on different patterns of attentional selection. However, the interactive role of individual personality traits and object valence in different patterns of attentional selection in both same and different emotional contexts remains unclear. To address the above issues, the present research used a variant of the two‐rectangle paradigm, preselected individuals as introverts and extroverts, and simultaneously presented two faces with same or different emotions. Accordance to the result, in the same emotional context, personality traits and object valence did not interact to modulate both space‐based effect (SBE) and object‐based effect (OBE). However, in the different emotional context, personality traits and object valence interacted to modulate OBE. Specifically, for the extroverts, OBE existed no difference among negative, neutral and positive conditions. In contrast, for the introverts, the OBE was larger in the negative condition compared to those in the positive and neutral conditions. This research provides the first evidence suggesting that object‐based attention can be impacted by the interaction between individual characteristics and object properties, and further proposes a preliminary framework called “context‐dependent attentional selection hypothesis.”
POMSimulator: An open‐source tool for predicting the aqueous speciation and self–assembly mechanisms of polyoxometalates
Authors: Petrus Enric , Buils Jordi , Garay‐Ruiz Diego , Segado‐Centellas Mireia , Bo Carles
Published: June 2024

Elucidating the speciation (in terms of concentration versus pH) and understanding the formation mechanisms of polyoxometalates remains a significant challenge, both in experimental and computational domains. POMSimulator is a new methodology that tackles this problem from a purely computational perspective. The methodology uses results from quantum mechanics based methods to automatically set up the chemical reaction network, and to build speciation models. As a result, it becomes possible to predict speciation and phase diagrams, as well as to derive new insights into the formation mechanisms of large molecular clusters. In this work we present the main features of the first open‐source version of the software. Since the first report [Chem. Sci. 2020, 11, 8448‐8456], POMSimulator has undergone several improvements to keep up with the growing challenges that were tackled. After four years of research, we recognize that the source code is sufficiently stable to share a polished and user‐friendly version. The Python code, manual, examples, and install instructions can be found at https://github.com/petrusen/pomsimulator.
Circular RNA_015343 sponges microRNA‐25 to regulate viability, proliferation, and milk fat synthesis of ovine mammary epithelial cells via INSIG1
Authors: Wu Xinmiao , Wang Jiqing , Hao Zhiyun , Zhen Huimin , Hu Jiang , Liu Xiu , Li Shaobin , Zhao Fangfang , Li Mingna , Zhao Zhidong , Shi Bingang , Ren Chunyan
Published: June 2024

In our previous study, circ_015343 was found to inhibit the viability and proliferation of ovine mammary epithelial cells (OMECs) and the expression levels of milk fat synthesis marker genes, but the regulatory mechanism underlying the processes is still unclear. Accordingly in this study, the target relationships between circ_015343 with miR‐25 and between miR‐25 with insulin induced gene 1 (INSIG1) were verified, and the functions of miR‐25 and INSIG1 were investigated in OMECs. The dual‐luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR‐25 mimic remarkably decreased the luciferase activity of circ_015343 in HEK293T cells cotransfected with a wild‐type vector, while it did not change the activity of circ_015343 in HEK293T cells cotransfected with a mutant vector. These suggest that cic_015343 can adsorb and bind miR‐25. The miR‐25 increased the viability and proliferation of OMECs, and the content of triglycerides in OMECs. In addition, INSIG1 was found to be a target gene of miR‐25 using a dual‐luciferase reporter assay. Overexpression of INSIG1 decreased the viability, proliferation, and level of triglycerides of OMECs. In contrast, the inhibition of INSIG1 in expression had the opposite effect on activities and triglycerides of OMECs with overexpressed INSIG1. A rescue experiment revealed that circ_015343 alleviated the inhibitory effect of miR‐25 on the mRNA and protein abundance of INSIG1. These results indicate that circ_015343 sponges miR‐25 to inhibit the activities and content of triglycerides of OMECs by upregulating the expression of INSIG1 in OMECs. This study provided new insights for understanding the genetic molecular mechanism of lactation traits in sheep.
Enhancing the biodegradation of bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) terephthalate by an IsPETasePA and MHETase dual‐enzyme system
Authors: Gao Yingtong , Zheng Yunxin , Qi Zixin , Pan Yufan , Zhou Yu , You Shengping , Su Rongxin , Qi Wei , Wang Mengfan
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Environmental and ecological hazards caused by the accumulation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) are becoming a global concern. The use of enzymes to address the plastic crisis has achieved many successes, but the difficulty in degrading high‐crystallinity PET has limited its application. Numerous studies have investigated the degradation of PET with arbitrary crystallinity to bis‐2‐(2‐hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) using chemical pre‐treatment methods such as glycolysis, but few have tested its biocompatibility with enzymatic alliances.

RESULTS

Herein, we report the enzymatic characterization and subsequent engineering of the state‐of‐the‐art IsPETasePA and MHETase (where MHET is mono(2‐hydroxyethyl) terephthalate), a dual‐enzyme system which can be used for the degradation from BHET to a single‐product terephthalate (TPA). Modulators, including surfactants, organic solvents and metal ions, enhanced the enzyme activity of IsPETasePA and MHETase by up to 1.1‐fold and 2.3‐fold, respectively. 100% TPA yield (BHET of 25 g L−1) was achieved within 5 h. We also analyzed the mechanism of optimal ion modulator modification by dynamics simulation, and it synergistically achieved enhancement of MHET degradation ability by improving stability and binding energy.

CONCLUSION

The introduction of modulators improves the efficiency of the dual‐enzyme system in degrading BHET. This work provides a valuable strategy for the complete degradation of BHET to TPA, laying the groundwork for the realization of PET recycling. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Complex hydrology and variability of nitrogen sources in a karst watershed
Authors: Clune John W. , Cravotta Charles A. , Husic Admin , Dozier Hilary J. , Schimdt Kurt E.
Published: June 2024

Streams draining karst areas with rapid groundwater transit times may respond relatively quickly to nitrogen reduction strategies, but the complex hydrologic network of interconnected sinkholes and springs is challenging for determining the placement and effectiveness of management practices. This study aims to inform nitrogen reduction strategies in a representative agricultural karst setting of the Chesapeake Bay watershed (Fishing Creek watershed, Pennsylvania) with known elevated nitrate contamination and a previous documented groundwater residence time of less than a decade. During baseflow conditions, streamflow did not increase with drainage area. Headwaters and the main stem lost substantial flow to sinkholes until eventually discharging along large springs downstream. Seasonal hydrologic conditions shift the flow and nitrogen load spatially among losing and gaining stream sections. A compilation of nitrogen source inputs with the geochemistry and the pattern of enrichment of δ15N and δ18O suggest that the nitrogen in streams and springs during baseflow represents a mixture of manure, fertilizer, and wastewater sources with low potential for denitrification. The pH and calcite saturation index increased along generalized flow paths from headwaters to springs and indicate shorter groundwater residence times in baseflow during the spring versus summer. Given the substantial investment in management practices, fixed monitoring sites could incorporate synoptic water sampling to properly monitor long‐term progress and help inform management actions in karst watersheds. Although karst watersheds have the potential to respond to nitrogen reduction strategies due to shorter groundwater residence times, high nitrogen inputs, effectiveness of conservation practices, and release of legacy nutrients within the karst cavities could confound progress of water quality goals.
On the maximum local mean order of sub‐k $k$‐trees of a k $k$‐tree
Authors: Li Zhuo , Ma Tianlong , Dong Fengming , Jin Xian'an
Published: June 2024

For a ‐tree , a generalization of a tree, the local mean order of sub‐‐trees of is the average order of sub‐‐trees of containing a given ‐clique. The problem whether the maximum local mean order of a tree (i.e., a 1‐tree) at a vertex is always taken on at a leaf was asked by Jamison in 1984 and was answered by Wagner and Wang in 2016. Actually, they proved that the maximum local mean order of a tree at a vertex occurs either at a leaf or at a vertex of degree 2. In 2018, Stephens and Oellermann asked a similar problem: for any ‐tree , does the maximum local mean order of sub‐‐trees containing a given ‐clique occur at a ‐clique that is not a major ‐clique of ? In this paper, we give it an affirmative answer.
Comparison of CMIP6 model performance in estimating human thermal load in Europe in the winter season
Authors: Szalkai Zsófia , Kristóf Erzsébet , Zsákai Annamária , Ács Ferenc
Published: June 2024

In this work, historical simulations of CMIP6 GCMs are evaluated with respect to the ERA5 reanalysis dataset, in order to examine their ability to assess human thermal load in Europe in the winter season. The period of 1981–2010 is chosen for the analysis, and thermal load is expressed via the clothing resistance index (rcl index; expressed in clo). It is found that the GCMs are able to reproduce the areal differences of thermal load satisfactorily, the spatial correlation with the reanalysis is greater than 0.95 in all cases. The effects of the main geographical constraints (latitude, continentality and elevation) are shown by all GCM simulations, as rcl index values are greater at higher latitudes, away from the ocean and in mountainous areas, although GCMs only capture major mountains (the Caucasus, the Armenian Highlands, the Scandinavian Mountains, the Alps). The root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) is around 0.2 clo in all cases, GCMs generally perform better in homogenous lowland areas, while results are less accurate in highlands and mountains owing to the coarse horizontal resolution of GCMs (~1°). The smallest errors occur over central and western Europe and the Mediterranean region, while results tend to be less accurate over the northeastern part of Europe. Biases in the estimation of heat deficit can mainly be attributed to biases in temperature, but biases in wind speed and atmospheric downward radiation seem to be important factors as well.