bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure des Carbures de Niobium
Authors: Terao Nobuzo
Published: November 2005

The preparation of thin films of two niobium carbides, NbC and Nb2C, for electron diffraction studies has been accomplished by heating in vacuo double evaporated films (carbon+Nb). NbC is formed by a carburization process in high vacuum, whilst thin films of Nb2C are produced by decomposition of NbC in air at reduced pressure (10-2∼10-3 Torr) by the reaction 2 NbC+O2 → Nb2C+CO2. The crystal structure of NbC is based on the f.c.c. lattice of Nb atoms and the carbon atoms occupy interstitial positions in a statistical manner. Nb2C, however, shows a hexagonal superlattice structure of the same type as that of ε-phase of Fe2N.
Crystallite Size Distribution of γ-ray Irradiated Polyethylenes as Revealed by Fourier Transformation of Line Profiles
Authors: Mori Masatake , Doi Kenji
Published: November 2005

The distribution changes in crystallite size in polyethylene exposed to γ-rays were followed by X-ray diffraction. The data were analyzed by a method developed by Doi. Numerical calculation was carried out with the aid of an IBM 7090 computer. It was found that there was no significant difference between the distribution of an unirradiated sample (Marlex–6000–2) and that of a 1×109roentgen irradiated one. After 3×109roentgen irradiation, the crystallites disappeared completely.
Piezoelectric Effects in Collagen
Authors: Fukada Eiichi , Yasuda Iwao
Published: November 2005

The direct and converse piezoelectric effects have been observed in the Achilles tendon of ox and horse, which consists of collagen fibers in which the collagen molecules are highly orientated and crystallized. The matrix of piezoelectric constant is concordant with that derived for and unidirectionally oriented system of crystallites of collagen with a hexagonal symmetry. The magnitude of piezoelectric constant is: -d14=d25=8.0×10-8,d15=d24=4.2×10-8,d31=d32=0.26×10-8,d33=0.2×10-8c.g.s.e.s.u. respectively, which are the largest values observed in the crystalline polymers. The origin of the effect is supposed due to the polarization or displacement of hydrogen bonds being formed in the polypeptide chains of collagen crystals. The gramophone pick-up can be made by using the thin sheet of tendon as an electromechanical transducer.
X-ray Radiographs Taken with Silicon Single Crystal Wafers by Divergent X-ray Method
Authors: Fujiwara Takeo , Dohi Shoso , Sunada Junji
Published: November 2005

By our own Divergent X-ray Method, X-ray radiographs consisted of broad Laue-spots with X-ray spectral lines were simply and easily taken with the wafers of silicon single crystals of various kinds. On each of the Laue-spots, many X-ray spectral lines of various shapes and ground figures consisted of somewhat broadened lines, straightened or curved, were revealed. It is considered that these X-ray spectral lines and the ground figures of the Laue-spots are mostly produced by the dislocations and other imperfections in the crystal wafer, and that from the appearances of these X-ray spectral lines and ground figures the bodily distribution of the dislocations and other imperfections can be presumed.
Properties of Photoconductive CdS Evaporated Films
Authors: Sakai Yoshio , Okimura Hiroshi
Published: November 2005

Photoconductive CdS films were prepared by vacuum evaporation. Films evaporated on 200°–300°C substrate obtain good photoconductivity by subsequent baking at a range of 500°C to 650°C in air or argon. Photocurrent-illumination characteristic, photoconductive time constant, spectral response, and temperature dependence of photocurrent were measured. Films of hexagonal structure were observed by x-ray diffraction. Photocurrent-illumination characteristic and photoconductive time constant of films are not inferior to those of single crystal. The films show two types of typical spectral response, the one is that of single crystal and the other has a maximum peak at a vicinity of 580 mµ.
Study of the Initial Stage in Fluidization of Fine Particles
Authors: Yuasa Yasunobu
Published: November 2005

Various phenomena at the initial stage of fluidization are investigated. From the opening of the slit to the beginning of fluidization at the central part of the top surface, the boundary curves of fluidization are varied with time in keeping the profile nearly similar in shape to the flame of candle. The boundary curves of fluidization are not influenced remarkably by closing the slit at any time in fluidization. The data obtained are useful to the approach to the problems of the friction between fine particles and the friction between the particle and the surface of vessel.
Crystallite Sizes and Carrier Mobilities in Evaporated Indium Antimonide Films
Authors: Koike Ryutaro , Ueda Ryuzo
Published: November 2005

The correlation between crystallite size and carrier mobility of indium antimonide films deposited in a vacuum on glass substrates was studied. The crystallite size was determined from the X-ray diffraction profile, while the carrier mobility was deduced from a d.c. measurement of the transverse magnetoresistance effect. The data obtained from 50 specimens revealed the existence of a threshold crystallite size for a high mobility film and that the threshold value of this dimension is of the same order of magnitude as the mean free path of the electrons, i.e., 1000Å, Some effects of annealing the film on the crystallite size were also investigated.
Surface Properties of CdS Single Crystals
Authors: Itakura Masayuki , Toyoda Hiroo
Published: November 2005

Properties of electrical contact on cadmium sulfide single crystals were studied. For cleaved surface, d.c. rectifying characteristics and capacitance relation show the existence of Schottky-type barrier. The differences from the properties of crystal bulk and the dispersion of surface admittance are considered due to the effect of multicontact. For polished surface, small rectification ratio and high resistance suggest the existence of insulating layer. The dependence of capacitance on biasing field also supports the model.
A New Mass Spectrometer of Helicoid Type
Authors: Inouye Hokotomo
Published: November 2005

A new mass spectrometer having a helical trajectory is described. The instrument has such a simple structure that the ion source and the collector are on a straight line along the direction of the analysing magnetic field which is given by a solenoid, although some devices are necessary to separate particular ions from the others which enter the analyser simultaneously and to increase the ion current. For a performance test an alkali metal ion source of single filament type was used. Two isotopes of lithium could be completely separated, and those of potassium were separable in strong magnetic field. Although resolution is relatively low, the instrument is considered to have convenient uses, owing to its simple structure and axial symmetry.
Die physikalischen Eigenschaften des Schibretts
Authors: Ohnishi Tsuyoshi
Published: November 2005

Various physical properties of ski were studied. The elasticity was measured by bending of ski. The viscosity was measured by damped oscillation method. It was suggested that the viscosity can decrease the amplitude of resonance oscillation of ski. Method for measuring torsional strength, impact strength and durability were also introduced. From these results, properties of wood-ski and metal-ski were discussed.
The Determination of the Optimum Density and the Density-Range of Radiographs from Visual Effects
Authors: Kanamori Hitoshi
Published: November 2005

Minimum perceptible change in film-density or contrast Δ
D
min were calculated for several factors from an empirical formula of vision utilized in illuminating engineering. These agreed with experimental results. Physiological contrast was quantitized as the ratio of film-gamma to Δ
D
min. The optimum densities for several factors were obtained from the maxima of the ratios. The optimum density-ranges were obtained from graphs of above ratios to logarithmic exposure. If the density-range produced by in thickness takes a maximum. The exposure-factors of such a radiograph were explained to be the optimum.
A New Method for the Characterization of a Powdered System of Distributed Radius and Density
Authors: Ozawa Takeo
Published: November 2005

A method is proposed to characterize a powdered system using the sedimentation-velocities in three different mediums. The mean square radius, its variance,the density averaged with the weight of square of radius and its variance can be evaluated from the velocities by simple calculations. The correlation between the radius and density can also be elucidated.
A Method of Measurement of Plasma Conductivity. I. –Theoretical Approach–
Authors: Tanaca Hiroshi , Hagi Mikiko
Published: November 2005

It is shown that the plasma conductivity can be evaluated from the change in magnetic flux in the plasma of an applied electromagnetic field. The evaluation requires no detailed knowledge of the electron collision frequency. This method, not being based on the usual conductor approximation will prove useful if a method of determining the magnetic flux change is established successfully.
Note on the Lamellar Twist is Polymer Spherulites
Authors: Okano Koji
Published: November 2005

The twisting of lamellae in polymer spherulites is considered to arise from the stress developing on the flat surfaces of lamellae due to the folding of the chain molecules at the surfaces. The residual surface stress increases the free energy of a lamella and the lamella will undergo a slight twist in order to minimize the total free energy of the system. Based upon this consideration a formula is derived which connects the repeat period of twisting with the thickness of lamella.
Solid Solubility of Gold in Germanium
Authors: Kodera Hiroshi
Published: November 2005

The solid solubility of gold in germanium is determined in the temperature range between 500 and 870°C. Thin layers of germanium crystal saturated with gold at a desired temperature are prepared by the alloying process. The solid solubility is obtained through the measurement of sheet resistance or junction capacitance. The distribution coefficient of gold between the solid and liquid germanium is calculated with the aid of the available liquidus curve. The distribution coefficient shows a bend in its logarithmic plot against the reciprocal absolute temperature. The activation energy at higher temperatures is estimated to be (2.3±0.6) eV, which is close to the value, 1.65 eV, expected from Hall's theory.
Mechanical Relaxations and Transitions in Polytetrafluoroethylene
Authors: Ohzawa Yoshiyuki , Wada Yasaku
Published: November 2005

Thermal expansion, ultrasonic and creep behavior of polytetrafluoroethylene are studied in temperatures from -100° to 180°C. The glass transition and primary dispersion of this polymer observed. The assignments of relaxations and transitions described in what follows are found to be quite compatible with experimental data in existing literatures as well as new information in the present study.
The γ peak is ascribed to local mode motion in amorphous and paracrystalline phases. The glass transition in amorphous phase is found from -65° to -35°C. The β' peak just above these temperatures is associated with segmental motion in amorphous phase. The β peak above two crystalline transitions at 19° and 30°C is attributed to crystalline relaxation. The transition at 130°C (T
α) and the α peak near above T
α are associated with two-dimensional brownian motion in paracrystalline phase. The behavior above the melting point (T

m
) and the relation between T

m
and T
α are interpreted assuming the melting to be the phase transition from crystal to paracrystal.
A Multi-Pass Spectrometer
Authors: Shimomura Teiichi
Published: November 2005

Optical aspects of a multi-pass spectrometer, suitable for the photoelectric measurement of low light energy, are described.
In the optical systems of the multi-pass spectrometer presented here, light dispersed by a grating is not focused on a point by a collimating mirror but is made to incident on a plane mirror, arranged above the collimating mirror, and is reflected to the grating again as a second incidence. The dispersed light obtained after the second diffraction strikes another plane mirror under the collimating mirror and reflects to the grating as the third incidence, and so on. The dispersed light of the final diffraction is focused on an exit slit by the collimating mirror.
With this optical system, spectral purity can be enhanced with a factor of 2N, where N is the number of plane mirrors, and the spectrometer has a better focusing, larger speed, and smaller stray components than other multi-pass systems.
Employing this device to a photoelectric Raman spectrometer, it was possible to improve the resolution of the instrument and to use the sample tube of smaller volume than usual.
Distribution of Dislocations near the Junction Formed by Diffusion of Phosphorus in Silicon
Authors: Sato Yasuo , Arata Hikaru
Published: November 2005

The distribution of dislocations near the junction formed by diffusion of phosphorus in silicon has been observed by means of etching technique. High density dislocations generated by diffusion of phosphorus penetrate to the depth of 3µ or more from the junction. The front of the dislocation net work goes further than the collector junction, when a transistor is produced by double diffusion technique. Drive-in phenomenon found in this process is attributable to enhanced diffusion by dislocations generated by diffusion procedure.
Magnetostriction Constants of Mn-Zn-Fe Ferrites
Authors: Ohta Keizo , Kobayshi Natsuo
Published: November 2005

Magnetostriction constants were determined by means of a strain gauge at temperatures from -180 to 85°C on monocrystals of Mn–Zn–Fe ternary ferrites. For almost all specimens λ111 was positive and λ100 was negative. The values of λ100 were small for the compositions with excess Fe2O3, whereas λ111's were small for the compositions with deficient Fe2O3. Square hysteresis loop was observed at the composition with small λ111 and with easy directions of magnetization parallel to <111> direction. High permeability realized in this ternary system seems to be caused by its small avarage magnetostriction as well as its small crystalline anisotropy.
Precipitation of Zirconia Phase in Niobium-Modified Ceramics of Lead Zirconate-Titanate
Authors: Ikeda Takuro , Tanaka Yoichi , Ayakawa Takako , Noake Haruo
Published: November 2005

The piezoelectric performances of lead ziroconate-titanate ceramics are much improved by an addition of niobia, and they are called the “modified” ceramics by the staffs of the Clevite Research Center. Microscopic observation of these ceramics shows many pink precipitates segregating out of the grains. These parts are luminescent in the incidence of electron beam. The electron probe microanalysis reveals that they are rich in Zr and poor in Ti, Nb and Pb. The amount of these parts increases with the addition of niobia. In the x-ray diffraction measurement, the lines characteristic to the baddeleyite-type structure become observable with increasing amounts of niobia, though much weaker than perovskite type spectra. These facts lead us to the conclusion that a niobium ion occupies a Ti-Zr site by expelling out a ziroconium ion and as a result, the modified ceramics consist of two phases, the baddeleyite-type zirconia phase and the perovskite-type solid solution phase. The latter has a composition Pb1-x/2 ((Zr
y
-Ti1-y
)1-x
-Nb
x
)O3. The comparison of the physical properties of the solid solution ceramics with those of the modified ones gives a further evidence for this expectation.
Mechanical and Dielectric Relaxations in Paraffin Crystals
Authors: Tsuge Kenji
Published: November 2005

Real and imaginary parts of longitudinal wave modulus at 1/3, 1, and 3 Mc/s and shear modulus at 1 Mc/s and 33 kc/s are measured for normal paraffin crystals of three different carbon numbers at temperatures from 20° to -60°C. Dielectric constant and loss in oxidized paraffins are measured in the same temperature range as a function of frequency (30 c/s–1 Mc/s). The crystalline dispersion is observed at temperatures several tens of degrees below the melting point. The activation energy is the same for mechanical and dielectric dispersions, which indicates that oxidation of paraffins gives essentially no influence upon the nature of molecular motion. The relaxation strength increases with increasing temperature for each sample. The mechanical relaxation strength increases with increasing carbon number when compared at the same temperature. The above behavior is quantitatively explained in terms of Okano's theory in which the crystalline dispersion is assumed to come from incoherent torsional vibrations of chain molecules in the crystal. The density of polar groups in oxidized paraffins estimated by the theory of the dielectric relaxation strength agrees in the order of magnitude with that determined from infrared absorption.
Anomalous Hall Effect in n-Type InSb in Pulsed High Electric Fields
Authors: Okamoto Fumio , Ando Koji
Published: November 2005

Experimental studies of the Hall effect in n-type InSb at 77°K have been made in weak transverse magnetic fields (H\lesssim300 oersteds) for electric fields in the region of the onset of impact ionization. It is known that the Hall coefficient, R

H
decreases sharply when electron-hole pairs are produced by impact ionization. The observed R

H
, however, decreases before strong impact ionization sets in and exhibits a minimum. If the magnetic field is sufficiently weak (H\lesssim100 oersteds), the sign of R

H
changes from negative (normal for n-type InSb) to positive, with increasing electric field. The anomalous behavior of R

H
disappears with increasing magnetic field. It is shown experimentally that the observed anomalous Hall effect is related to the transverse and longitudinal asymmetries of potential caused by hole-injection from the anode.
Measurement of Anisotropy Dispersion in Thin Ferromagnetic Films
Authors: Hasegawa R. , Uchiyama S. , Sakaki Y.
Published: November 2005

A new method of measuring the magnitude dispersion of magnetic anisotropy has been developed which makes it possible to determine the magnitude dispersion, independently of the angular dispersion. Measurement of torque was carried out by reversing the magnetization with the increasing field 135° from the average easy direction of a film. The angular dispersion was measured by the conventional 90° method. Results were compared with those obtained by ferromagnetic resonance and found to give a reasonable agreement with the latter for films with small dispersions.
On the Tunneling Current through Thin Aluminum-Oxide Films
Authors: Nakai Junkichi , Miyazaki Takao
Published: November 2005

The mechanism of the electrical conduction in a metal-insulator-metal thin film diode is discussed by the tunneling process. Experimental current-voltage characteristic and its temperature dependence of an Al-Al oxide-Al diode agree well with a theoretical calculation when the potential barrier is assumed to have a geometrically simple shape. Practical barrier height of the diode is estimated at 2.2 eV from a photosensitive measurement. Electrode effects are also discussed from the viewpoint of rectification. The surface potential of the insulator on Al film is measured to be 3.6 eV, which is consistent with a simple potential diagram of the metal and insulator surfaces.
Continuous Oscillations of Acoustoelectric Current in CdS
Authors: Okada Jun'ichi , Matino Haruhiro
Published: November 2005

It is shown that a dc electric field can generate continuous oscillations of current in a CdS crystal provided a region of higher resistivity exists near the positive electrode of the sample. Frequency measurement reveals the existence of two kinds of periods. One corresponds to a round-trip of sound waves in the sample and the other to a forward transit of waves.
A possible explanation of these oscillations is offered on the basis of an acoustoelectric current accompanying the ultrasonic flux. Oscillations are self-sustained by the ultrasonic traveling-wave amplification in a low resistivity region and the non-ohmic property of a high resistivity region where the amplified ultrasonic flux is converted into acoustoelectric current. Agreement between experiment and theory is semiquantitatively good.
A Study on the Nature of Aging of Fe-Cr Alloys by Means of the Mössbauer Effect
Authors: Yamamoto Hisao
Published: November 2005

The aging effect of Fe-Cr alloys at 500°C has been investigated by using the Mössbauer effect and the magnetic measurement. From the comparison between the Mössbauer patterns of the quenched and the aged specimens, it has been revealed that the anomalous behaviour of some physical properties associated with aging of the specimens is possibly due to the simultaneous precipitation of Fe-rich and Cr-rich phases.
A New Ultrasonic Amplifier Device of CdS Crystal with Integrated Diffusion-Layer Transducers
Authors: Chubachi Noriyoshi , Wada Masanobu , Kikuchi Yoshimitsu
Published: November 2005

It has been accomplished to embed a pair of CdS diffusion-layer transducers in a photoconductive CdS crystal for ultrasonic amplification. That is, a pair of transducer layers and conductive layers, and an amplifying part are integrated in a single piece of CdS crystal. The conductive layers are formed by heating the crystal in cadmium vapor, and they act as both a pair of electrodes for applying drift field voltage and the electrodes for transducer layers. A fabricated sample shows that the effective resistance of the conductive layer, which is considered to be in series with the equivalent electric impedance of the transducer, is lower than the impedance of the transducer itself. Upon application of the drift field, ultrasonic wave was amplified by 35 dB at 54 Mc compared with that of no drift field.
A New Method for Recording the Impulse Response of Linear Systems by Correlation Measurement
Authors: Isobe Takashi , Idogawa Tohru
Published: November 2005

A new method similar to the stroboscopic observation for measuring the correlation functions and the impulse responses of linear systems is described. The method essentially makes use of a peculiar periodic property of the autocorrelation function of a signal derived from a maximal-length binary shift register sequence which is applied to the input. A quick impulse response can thus be recorded directly on a rather slow pen writing oscillograph with the scale of time magnified by a factor of several thousands. An example of oscillogram showing the response of a sonic system is presented.
Effect of a Magnetic Field upon the Saturation Electron Current of an Electrostatic Probe
Authors: Dote Toshihiko , Amemiya Hiroshi , Ichimiya Torao
Published: November 2005

Some experiments are performed in several kinds of discharged plasma to investigate the influence of a magnetic field upon the saturation electron current of an electrostatic probe. The apparent electron densityNe' and the positive ion densityN+are calculated from the saturation electron current and the positive ion saturation current respectively and the ratioNe'/N+is plotted against ωτ (ω: the angular cyclotron frequency of electrons, τ: the mean collision time between electrons and molecules). The curve is found to show a clear dependence on the gas pressure, and when the ratio is log -log plotted against the magnetic field, it gives a nearly straight line, showingNe'/N+to be 0.1 at about 1,000 gauss. Since the positive ion saturation current is hardly influenced by the magnetic field of the order of several kilogauss, it is apparent that these properties are based upon the behavior of the electrons around the probe. A theory developed by Bohm and others is applied here to explain the experimental results.
Plasma Linear Accelerator II
Authors: Ishizuka Hiroshi , Suzuki Yasuo , Miyamoto Goro
Published: November 2005

The acceleration of a plasma bunch by the radiation pressure was investigated experimentally with pulsed operation of a 2 MW magnetron. A plasma gun was contrived and used as an injector that produced a small bunch of plasma containing 1012-14ion pairs. Carbon ions and fluoric ones, which were main components of the plasma, were accelerated up to 70 keV at the highest and to 4.6 keV on the average. Theoretical predictions were verified as far as the acceleration of a plasma bunch by the single reflection of the wave was concerned.
Oxygen Generation by a Novel Electrochemical Method
Authors: Sakurai Hiroshi , Ishikawa Masao , Tamiya Takayoshi
Published: November 2005

The present oxygen generating apparatus comprises as the cathode a porous air diffusion electrode commonly employed in fuel cells, while the anode consists of a nickel plate. When air is supplied to the cathode, the oxygen contained is reduced to OH- ion and transported through the electrolyte to the anode, where it is recovered as oxygen gas. In this process, the single electrode potential at the anode is of the same value as in the case of electrolysis of water. On the other hand, however, the cathode potential for reducing O2 to OH- is nobler than that for reducing H+ to H2 in water electrolysis. Consequently the overall potential between the electrodes takes a lower value than in the electrolytic process. The experiments lead to the conclusion that the power consumption is of the order of 2 KWH/M3 of O2 obtained, approximately one fifth of what is normally required in the electrolytic process. With further improvements in air diffusion electrodes, one may expect that the power consumption is substantially lowered to such an extent that the conventional fractionating process of air becomes obsolete.
Transport Reaction in Closed Tube Process
Authors: Arizumi Tetsuya , Nishinaga Tatau
Published: November 2005

Transport equations are proposed for vapor growth of materials in closed tube process, considering diffusion and laminar flow as fundamental transport mechanisms.
These equations are applied to transport reactions of GaAs and Ge, as well as impurity doping in Ge-Impurity-I2 system. Calculations are compared with the experiment by F. A. Pizzarello for GaAs-I2 system, and with the results of I. B. M. workers for Ge-I2 system. For GaAs-I2 system, the agreement is very good, but somewhat poor for Ge-I2 system.
Sintering of Pb(Ti, Zr)O3 Solid Solutions
Authors: Iwasaki Hiroshi
Published: November 2005

Experiments on grain growth and shrinkage measurements of pressed powder compacts of Pb(Ti, Zr)O3 solid solutions were carried out to study the sintering mechanism of the materials.
The sintering process in the solid solutions with Zr contents less than 20 mol % can be explained by the bulk diffusion model, while in the other composition range (Zr more than 20 mol %) the sintering process can be explained by the surface diffusion model. The activation energies for the sintering are about 140, 100, and 60 kcal/mole for the specimens with the Zr contents of 20, 40, and 60 mol%, respectively.
Growth of BaTiO3 Crystals from TiO2-Rich Melt
Authors: Sasaki Hiromu
Published: November 2005

Single crystals of BaTiO3 were grown from the TiO2-rich side of the BaO-TiO2 system. They were chunky crystal with mainly {111} form. However, these chunky crystals are obtained only under a reduced atmospheric pressure. An oxygen defect seems to have an effect on the crystal morphology. Curie point of the present crystals is about 128°C and is a little higher than that of the BaTiO3 butterfly crystals. Crystallographic data for the present crystals are a=3.993 Å and c=4.037 Å at room temperature (tetragonal perovskite-type structure).
Measurement of Resistance by Means of Electron Beam-I-
Authors: Watanabe Hiroshi , Munakata Chusuke
Published: November 2005

An electron beam was applied to the measurement of electrical resistances, and the errors in the measurement were analysed. Two measuring methods, potentiometer and bridge methods, are used. To avoid the error due to thermoelectromotive force, a pulse beam is used successfully. Errors due to secondary electrons are rather serious. An adequate method should be developed to get rid of the secondary electrons from the sample. A positively biased plate near the sample was not useful for this purpose, because it accerelates positive ions and repels the high energy electrons towards the sample again.
Dielectric and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of the Synthetic Polypeptides in the β-Form in the Solid State
Authors: Kamashima Kazuo
Published: November 2005

Dielectric measurement of poly-S-carbobenzoxy-L-cysteine (PSCBLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of PSCBLC, poly-S-carbobenzoxyethyl-L-cysteine (PSCBELC) and poly-S-carbomethoxyethyl-L-cysteine (PSCMELC) were made. The activation energy obtained for the dielectric dispersion in PSCBLC which has benzyl groups in side chains was 50 kcal./mole, which is the same as is obtained for helical synthetic polypeptides with benzyl groups in side chains. In a temperature range from 77 to 370°K., rotation of the side chains was suggested as the mechanism of molecular motion in these β-forming polypeptides. The molecular motion for β-forming polypeptides may have no specific characteristics. Infrared spectrum analysis disclosed that PSCMELC existed in the antiparallel β-form.
A New Type Semiconductor (Critical Temperature Resistor)
Authors: Futaki Hisao
Published: November 2005

A new type semiconductor, which shows an abrupt resistance change of 2–4 orders of magnitude at about 68°C with negative temperature coefficient, has been prepared by sintering a mixture of V2O5 and an acidic oxide (B, Si or P oxide) or a basic oxide (Mg, Ca, Sr or Ba oxide) in a suitable reducing atmosphere. It has been found that there are some optimum conditions of sintering and reducing for obtaining such remarkable characteristics.
Life of the samples obtained under suitable conditions is theoretically estimated to be several ten years in air at 200°C. The large temperature coefficient of resistance of this newly developed semiconductor, which is thirty times as large as the magnitude of the usual thermistor, suggests many useful applications.
Flow Properties of Powder (II)
Authors: Taneya Shin'ichi
Published: November 2005

The coeifficients of internal friction µ of power materials are evaluated by means of a dynamic method, which have been hitherto determined by static methods exclusively, especially by the shearing method. The new method utilizes an improved double cylinder type viscometer described by the author in Japan. J. appl. Phys. 2 (1963) 728. It essentially consists of the measurement of the torque exerted on the inner cylinder by the revolving outer cylinder through the power material packed between the two. The samples under test are mixtures of glass granules (or crushed glass) and talcum powder, glass granules coated with fatty acids, and some inorganic powders. With most samples of the first two categories, the values of µ obtained by the new method agree very well with those determined by the conventional shearing method. With inorganic powders which are cohesive, the former method gives values smaller than those determined by the latter method.
Energy Response of BF3 Counter Using Paraffin Moderators
Authors: Tatsuta Hatsumi , Katoh Kazuaki , Yoshida Yoshikazu
Published: November 2005

Neutron energy response of a BF3 counter using paraffin moderator was obtained in the energy range from 2 eV to 1 KeV. Neutron energy was determined by the time-of-flight method. The counter was covered with a cadmium sheath to eliminate the thermal neutron diffusing from the moderator.
The results with BF3 counters with thinner moderator were consistent with Fräki's calculation while those with thicker moderator were not. This inconsistence may be due to the fact that the mean energy of neutrons passing through cadmium sheath decreases in the case of thicker moderator and that the counting efficiency of the counter varies according to the 1/v law of the 10B(n, α) reaction.
Electrical Resistance of Iron Films Deposited at Liquid Nitrogen Temperature
Authors: Kato Miwako , Horikoshi Hisashi
Published: November 2005

The temperature dependence of the electrical resistance R is studied for iron films, 60–1,500 Å thick, vacuum-deposited at liquid nitrogen temperature. In heating the virgin film, a remarkable, irreversible decrease in R is observed in the temperature range 150°–200°K with films of 70–100 Å thickness. With thinner and thicker films this irreversible change is not marked. The films are annealed by heating up to room temperature, after which the resistance change becomes reversible. With such films, the temperature coefficient of resistance, α, for the range 100°–300°K is found to be between +0.5×10-3 and +1.5×10-3. With very thin films α can be negative. The influence of exposing the films to air is also studied.
Prompt Cascade Gamma Peak Efficiencies of Well-Type Nal for Fission Products
Authors: Aoki Ryozo , Aoki Rei
Published: November 2005

Gamma spectrum peak efficiencies of well-type NaI(TI) are calculated for prompt cascade gamma disintegration nuclei, 138Cs, 101Mo, 131Te, 92Y, 93Y, 91Sr, 133I, 88Rb, 88Kr, 99Mo, 132I, 140Ba, 140La, 131I, 147Nd, 144Ce, 144Pr, 106Rh, 149Nd, using probability principle and mono-photon gamma-ray peak efficiencies.
Measured peak intensities for 106Rh are compared with the present calculated result and get fairly better agreement at chief peaks than with the mono-photon approximation result.
Some Preliminary Electron Microscope Observations on NiO Bombarded by Ions or Electrons
Authors: Shimomura Yasumitsu , Saito Shozo , Minamigawa Shinnosuke
Published: November 2005

From electron micrographs and the corresponding diffraction patterns obtained for NiO bombarded by ions (air, 1∼2 kv.) or electrons (100 kv.), the following results have been obtained. (1) Images of ion damages are similar to those in other substances and can be annealed out at 1200°C in air. Lamellar structure (spacing: ∼50 Å) and superlattice reflections are sometime detected in the annealed specimens. (2) Microstructures of the electron bombarded NiO can be classified into the following four types: (a) The annealed structure. (b) The aggregation of thin (in <111> or [001]) crystallites. (c) The dense distribution of Ni particles (several hundred Å in diameter) over the (001) surface of NiO with the orientation: (001)Ni//(001)NiO, [100]Ni//[100]NiO. (d) The coarser distribution of larger Ni particles, which keep orientation relationships of a pair of spinel twins among themselves.
Anomalous Junction Capacitance in Tunnel-Diodes
Authors: Arizumi Tetsuya , Wada Takao , Yoshida Akira
Published: November 2005

The U. H. F. junction capacitance in a germanium tunnel-diode has an anomalous sharp minimum around the bias voltage of maximum peak current and it rises steeply towards the negative bias voltage.
The anomaly can be satisfactorily explained by taking account of the free carriers presented in the barrier layer. The anomalous minimum varies depending upon the frequency of measurement. This frequency dependence may be primarily caused by the relaxation effects of ionization and recombination processes of impurity atoms in the boundary layer.
The capacitance built-in voltage also varies depending upon the frequency of measurement.
The Generation of Microwave Radiation from InSb
Authors: Suzuki Kimio
Published: November 2005

The generation of microwave radiation of frequencies 6 kMc and higher was observed to occur in n- and p-type InSb. The results are summarized as follows: (1) Electron-hole pairs are necessary to generate microwave radiation; (2) A sharp change in the behavior of the I–V curve appears at the onset of microwave emission; (3) The frequency of the generated microwaves is not monochromatic; (4) A decrease in thickness of the sample resulted in an increase in the detected power; but whether this is due to an actual increase or a shift of frequency is not yet clear; (5) The electric field and current conditions which are necessary for the observation of microwave power change with magnetic field; and (6) In the present experiments, an external magnetic field was found necessary for the generation of microwave power. A transverse magnetic field was much more effective than a longitudinal field.
Resonant Waves in a Fabry-Perot Interferometer
Authors: Lotsch Helmut K. V.
Published: November 2005

The resonant waves in a Fabry-Perot Interferometer are investigated on the basis of a standing-wave type formulation. This formulation leads to a homogeneous Fredholm integral equation whose kernel is real and symmetric when cartesian coordinates are used but it cannot be represented as a product of two uni-dependent functions. Therefore the auxiliary problem of a system of two plane parallel strip mirrors of infinite length is considered. The corresponding integral equation depends only upon one coordinate variable, but otherwise its characteristic features are identical with those ones of the equation which describes the Fabry-Perot Interferometer. The lowest-order eigenfunctions are computed by a numerical method. A model to construct the mode pattern as it is observed in a laser experiment if several eigenmodes are excited simultaneously, is suggested. A phenomenon is discussed which predicts a “doughnut”-shaped pattern. It is believed that Siegman has already observed this anomalous mode pattern in experiments with a ruby laser. An internal aperture which limits the laser action in a Fabry-Perot Interferometer does not appreciably discriminate against higher-order eigenmodes.
Voltage Dependence of Bayard-Alpert Gauge Characteristics
Authors: Ishikawa Kazuo
Published: November 2005

The dependence of the pumping speed and sensitivity of a Bayard-Alpert gauge on the electrode potentials has been measured for helium, argon and krypton at pressures of about 10-7 Torr. For argon and krypton it has been found that the pumping speed can be reduced with relatively small decrease in the sensitivity by lowering the electrode potentials, though the accompanied decrease in the sensitivity is not small for helium. A decrease in the sensitivity with increasing electron current has been observed and explained as an effect of electron space charge inside a grid. The ionic pumping speed at the ion collector has been estimated to be about two or three orders of magnitude lower than the total ionic pumping speed.
Electron Microscope Study on the Extinction and Absorption of 100 kV Electrons in Magnesium Oxide Single Crystals
Authors: Uyeda Ryozi , Nonoyama Minoru
Published: November 2005

The intensity profile of equal thickness fringes due to 200 reflection was studied by the photographic method. The orientation of the specimen crystal was systematically changed by use of a tilting stage in the electron microscope. The real part of 200-Fourier coefficient and the imaginary part of the mean inner potential were determined to be V200

r
=7.43±0.11 volt and V0

i
=0.58±0.04 volt, respectively, provided no simultaneous reflection took place. When the deviation from the exact Bragg position, viz. the Bethe's parameter W, was varied, the behavior of intensity profile was found to be entirely different from that predicted by the two-beam approximation of the dynamical theory assuming the phenomenological complex potential. It was shown that the so-called anomalous transmission in the case of electrons can not be ascribed to the decrease of effective absorption coefficient at the Bragg position.
Measurement of Low Electron Density Plasma by the Microwave Free Space Method
Authors: Shiobara Shinji
Published: November 2005

Electron density measurements of steady state helium plasmas in glass cylinders 17 to 96 mm in diameter are made at 34 GC and at pressures of 0.08 to 1.0 mmHg and densities of about 5×1010 to 1012 cm-3. Standard pyramidal horns of 20 db gain and teflon lenses about 75 mm in diameter are used. Errors arising from the multiple reflection between antennas and the spreading of microwave beams incident on plasmas are investigated. It is shown that over 90% reliability by Langmuir probe method criterion is attainable for low density plasmas when an appropriate use is made of the free space method.
Variations of Crystal Magnetic Anisotropy of Mo-Fe-Ni Alloys with Heat Treatments
Authors: Aoyagi Keizô
Published: November 2005

Anisotropy constants of K
1 of single crystals of Mo
x
Fe21-x
Ni79(x=0∼8) were determined by torque method between 77° and 300°K.
The sign of K
1 at room temperature changes from negative to positive as the Mo content is increased. The Mo content at which K
1 becomes zero increased as the rate of cooling from 600°C is reduced. These behaviors have a good correspondence to the variation of the initial permeability µ0 with the rate of cooling.
Temperature dependence of K
1 of these alloys were also influenced by the rate of cooling and showed an unusual behavior. These results are discussed in terms of the relation between magnetic crystalline anisotropy energy and atomic ordering.
Magnetic Domain Structures of Electrodeposited Nickel-Iron Films
Authors: Maeda Masao , Mukasa Koichi
Published: November 2005

Bitter patterns obtained in the electrodeposited nickel-iron films are presented. Magnetic domain patterns observed are nearly the same as those observed in evaporated films. The magnetic properties, particularly the direction of the uniaxial anisotropy, of the films are mainly dependent on the polishing direction of the substrate. The rolling direction of the substrate and the direction of the magnetic field in which the electrodepositions were performed have no significant effects.
Electrical Properties of Cadmium Selenide Single Crystals –Effect of Heat-Treatment in Selenium Vapor–
Authors: Itakura Masayuki , Toyoda Hiroo
Published: November 2005

The Hall effect and the effect of heat-treatment in selenium vapor were investigated for n-type conductive cadmium selenide single crystals. The temperature dependence of Hall coefficient showed the crystal to be nearly degenerate. The crystal had the electron concentration of 3.6×1017 cm-3 with the effective mobility of 580 cm2/V. sec. at room temperature. Heat-treatment in selenium vapor produced a rectifying layer on the crystal surface. Rectifying characteristics, barrier admittance, photoelectric effects and pulsed field effect were measured on the treated surfaces. These measurements showed that a p-type layer was formed on the n-type crystal and that the mobility of holes in the layer is about 50 cm2/V. sec. The band gap of the crystal was estimated to be 1.83 eV.
Oscillation Modes of Oscillistors II Locally Concentrated Magnetic Field
Authors: Arizumi Tetsuya , Umeno Masayoshi
Published: November 2005

Several conclusions are derived from the experiments on oscillistors in a locally concentrated magnetic field. (1) The predominant mode of oscillistor oscillation is the m=0 mode oscillation of plasma density. (2) The helical mode oscillations attenuate just outside of the local magnet, while the m=0 mode oscillations are detected everywhere between the magnet and the ohmic contact. (3) The amplitude of the electric field strength of the m=0 mode increases at first to a maximum with the distance from the magnet and then decreases gradually towards the ohmic contact. (4) The density wave of the m=0 mode travels along the drift direction of the minority carriers. (5) The drift velocity of the density wave increases with the distance from the magnet at first and approaches saturation near the ohmic contact. (6) The plasma between the PN junction and the magnet is very quiet even if the terminal voltage oscillates. Some of these results can be qualitatively explained by the coupling of plasma density and electric field in the oscillation.
A Thermodynamical Study of the Growth Rate of Epitaxial Silicon from SiI4
Authors: Seki Hisashi , Araki Hidemaro
Published: November 2005

Epitaxial layers of silicon have been grown on silicon substrates by the hydrogen reduction of SiI4. The deposition rate was studied as functions of the composition of the SiI4-H2 mixture, the reaction temperature, and the flow rate of the mixture.
A theoretical expression for the deposition rate has been developed based on a thermodynamical consideration. Only two reactions,

SiI4+2H2=Si+4HI  and  SiI4+Si=2SiI2

were taken into account.
The experimental results are well explained by this theory.
Observations of Backscattered Gamma-Rays in a Surface Density Gauge
Authors: Uemura Teiji
Published: November 2005

Energy spectra of Cs137 gamma-rays, backscattered from materials of various densities into a surface gauge of the soil density meter, were measured by means of NaI scintillation counter. Changes in the spectra of scattered gamma-rays caused by varying the density were inferred from calculations for Compton single scattering. The density-intensity relationships were obtained by calculations and experiments for several energy regions with several different source-to-detector separations. The plots of measured gamma-ray intensities from water and paraffine deviate from the density-intensity curve. The deviations depend on the source-detector separation and also on the response of the detector to gamma-rays. The gamma-ray intensities, observed for densities from 0.44 to 2.47 g/cm3, fit well into a simple experimental equation.
Pulse Shortening in the Duoplasmatron Type Ion Source
Authors: Tawara Hiroyuki
Published: November 2005

An arc pulsing method is widely used to obtain high intensity pulsed ion beams from the Duoplasmatron type ion source. In this method, it is found that anode current and, therefore, ion current pulse widths are smaller than voltage pulse width applied to the cathode. Factors affecting pulse shortening, such as gas pressure in discharge region, applied voltage, etc., have been investigated.
Pulse shortening in ion beam current may be caused by the formation of the semispherical-shaped double electric layer, which focuses and accelerates electrons in plasma, near the cathode side of the capillary of the intermediate electrode.
Hall Effect Measurement of Radiation Effect on P-Type Silicon
Authors: Tanaka Toshikatsu , Inuishi Yoshio
Published: November 2005

The Ev+0.27 ev center was produced by γ-ray irradiation at room temperature in P type silicon single crystals. The introduction rate was found to be proportional to the density of the acceptor as dopant. It suggests that this center might be dopant-vacancy complex as in the case of E center in N type materials. It was revealed out that this radiation-induced level is closely related to the dislocation density in both formation and annealing behaviors. At the same time, oxygen concentration reduces the introduction rate of the Ev+0.27 eV center and influences its annealing behaviors, which is similar to the case of E center.
A Simple Model for Negative Resistance by Impact Ionization of Deep Level Impurities
Authors: Kimata Morihiko , Kani Kenji
Published: November 2005

A simple model for the negative resistance is proposed taking into account of impact ionization of deep level impurities. The positive feed back by the conductivity modulation due to the number of carriers are taken into account. But the modulations of mobility are neglected. The results of the calculations show that this model can explain qualitatively, the influences of resistivity, density of deep level impurities and their ionization energy, on the characteristics of high resistivity extrinsic semiconductors with injective or ohmic contacts, for example germanium p–i–n junctions.