bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cancer‐associated fibroblast activation predicts progression, metastasis, and prognosis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Knuutila Jaakko S. , Riihilä Pilvi , Nissinen Liisa , Heiskanen Lauri , Kallionpää Roosa E. , Pellinen Teijo , Kähäri Veli‐Matti
Published: April 2024

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common metastatic skin cancer and the metastatic disease is associated with poor prognosis. Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promote progression of cancer, but their role in cSCC is largely unknown. We examined the potential of CAF markers in the assessment of metastasis risk and prognosis of primary cSCC. We utilized multiplexed fluorescence immunohistochemistry for profiling CAF landscape in metastatic and non‐metastatic primary human cSCCs, in metastases, and in premalignant epidermal lesions. Quantitative high‐resolution image analysis was performed with two separate panels of antibodies for CAF markers and results were correlated with clinical and histopathological parameters including disease‐specific mortality. Increased stromal expression of fibroblast activation protein (FAP), α‐smooth muscle actin, and secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) were associated with progression to invasive cSCC. Elevation of FAP and platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐β (PDGFRβ) expression was associated with metastasis risk of primary cSCCs. High expression of PDGFRβ and periostin correlated with poor prognosis. Multimarker combination defined CAF subset, PDGFRα−/PDGFRβ+/FAP+, was associated with invasion and metastasis, and independently predicted poor disease‐specific survival. These results identify high PDGFRβ expression alone and multimarker combination PDGFRα−/PDGFRβ+/FAP+ by CAFs as potential biomarkers for risk of metastasis and poor prognosis.
Effects of the added sugar labeling on consumers' willingness to pay: The case of cranberry products under different nutrition‐related information treatments
Authors: Ma Xueying , Gallardo Rosa Karina , Canales Elizabeth , Atucha Amaya , Zalapa Juan , Iorizzo Massimo
Published: April 2024

The Food and Drug Administration announced a rule update to the Nutrition Facts Panel (NFP) requiring the declaration of added sugars on the NFP starting in 2020. This study measures the impact of these changes by estimating the willingness to pay for added sugars in cranberry products under different nutrition‐related information treatments. We found significant discounts for increases in added sugars that vary across information treatments and consumer subsamples. A positive information frame about the health benefits of cranberries was not found to consistently offset the impact of additional information on the recommended daily intake limits for added sugars.
Association of endothelial dysfunction and peripheral arterial disease with sarcopenia in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Hsu Bang‐Gee , Wang Chih‐Hsien , Lai Yu‐Hsien , Kuo Chiu‐Huang , Lin Yu‐Li
Published: April 2024

Background

Endothelial dysfunction and peripheral arterial disease (PAD), which disturb skeletal muscle microperfusion, are highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We evaluated the association of endothelial dysfunction and PAD with sarcopenia in patients with non‐dialysis CKD.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study included 420 patients with stages 3–5 non‐dialysis CKD aged 69.0 ± 11.8 years. Skeletal muscle index (skeletal muscle mass/height2), handgrip strength, 6‐m gait speed and strength of hip flexion and knee extension were measured. Sarcopenia was defined according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019. Endothelial dysfunction and PAD were assessed using the vascular reactivity index (VRI) and ankle–brachial index (ABI), respectively. A VRI < 1.0 was classified as poor endothelial function, and an ABI < 0.9 was defined as PAD. Additionally, endothelial and inflammatory biomarkers, including intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1), vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1), asymmetric dimethylarginine, endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) and interleukin‐6, were measured in a subgroup of 262 patients.

Results

Among the participants, 103 (24.5%) were classified as having sarcopenia. Compared with patients without sarcopenia, those with sarcopenia had significantly lower ABI (1.04 ± 0.16 vs. 1.08 ± 0.15, P = 0.028 for the right ABI; 1.01 ± 0.16 vs. 1.06 ± 0.16, P = 0.002 for the left ABI) and VRI (0.83 ± 0.57 vs. 1.08 ± 0.56, P < 0.001) and had higher serum levels of ICAM‐1 (P < 0.001), VCAM‐1 (P = 0.003) and ET‐1 (P = 0.037). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that, beyond age and body mass index, the average ABI (odds ratio [OR]: 0.81/0.1 increase; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67–0.98; P = 0.032) and VRI (OR: 0.93/0.1 increase; 95% CI: 0.88–0.98; P = 0.010) were independently associated with sarcopenia. Among the endothelial biomarkers measured, ICAM‐1 (OR: 2.47/1‐SD increase; 95% CI: 1.62–3.75) and VCAM‐1 (OR: 1.91/1‐SD increase; 95% CI: 1.27–2.87) were independent predictors of sarcopenia. Group stratification based on the cut‐offs of VRI and ABI showed that those with both poor VRI and ABI had the greatest risk for sarcopenia (OR: 4.22; 95% CI: 1.69–10.49), compared with those with normal VRI and ABI.

Conclusions

Endothelial dysfunction and PAD are independently associated with sarcopenia in patients with stages 3–5 CKD, suggesting the dominant role of vascular dysfunction in sarcopenia.
Pan‐microscopic examination of monkeypox virus in trophoblasts cells reveals new insights into virions release through filopodia‐like projections
Authors: Andrieu Jonatane , Valade Margaux , Lebideau Marion , Bretelle Florence , Mège Jean‐Louis , Wurtz Nathalie , Mezouar Soraya , La Scola Bernard , Baudoin Jean‐Pierre
Published: April 2024

Vertical transmission has been described following monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection in pregnant women. The presence of MPXV has been reported in the placenta from infected women, but whether pathogens colonize placenta remains unexplored. We identify trophoblasts as a target cell for MPXV replication. In a pan‐microscopy approach, we decipher the specific infectious cycle of MPXV and inner cellular structures in trophoblasts. We identified the formation of a specialized region for viral morphogenesis and replication in placental cells. We also reported infection‐induced cellular remodeling. We found that MPXV stimulates cytoskeleton reorganization with intercellular extensions for MPXV cell spreading specifically to trophoblastic cells. Altogether, the specific infectious cycle of MPXV in trophoblast cells and these protrusions that were structurally and morphologically similar to filopodia reveal new insights into the infection of MPXV.
Lost in research translation: Female athletes are not male athletes, especially at the hip
Authors: Lewis Cara L. , Shefelbine Sandra J.
Published: April 2024

Altered shape of the proximal femur (cam morphology) or acetabulum (pincer morphology) is indicative of femoroacetabular impingement, which can result in hip pain and osteoarthritis of the hip. As mechanical load during growth affects the resulting bone shape, there is strong evidence in males that cam morphology develops during skeletal growth while physes are open, rather than as an adaptation after growth plates are closed (skeletal maturity). This adaptation is particularly evident in athletes who participate at elite levels prior to skeletal maturity. The research providing this evidence, however, has primarily focused on male athletes. Despite the lack of inclusion in the research, females consistently comprise two thirds of the clinical and surgical populations with structural hip pain or pathology. Knowledge gained from male‐dominated cohorts may not appropriately transfer to female athletes, especially at the hip. This perspectives article briefly reviews differences between females and males in femoral and acetabular structure, hormones, timing of puberty/maturation, hypermobility, activity level and movement control—factors which affect hip structure development and loading. Without female‐focused research, the application of research findings from male athletes to female athletes may lead to ineffective or even inappropriate recommendations and treatments. Thus, there is a critical need for investment in research to promote life‐long hip health for females.
Dynamic transcriptome profiles of skeletal muscle growth and development in Shaziling and Yorkshire pigs using RNA‐sequencing
Authors: Zheng Changbing , Zhong Yinzhao , Zhang Peiwen , Guo Qiuping , Li Fengna , Duan Yehui
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

We previously demonstrated that Shaziling and Yorkshire pigs differ in growth rate and meat quality. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for such phenotypic differences remain unclear. In the present study, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of 36 longissimus dorsi (LM) and 36 soleus (SM) muscle samples from Shaziling and Yorkshire pigs at six postnatal stages (30, 60, 90, 150, 210 and 300 days) to explore the differences in postnatal skeletal muscle of Shaziling and Yorkshire pigs.

RESULTS

Muscle morphological changes and the number of differentially expressed genes indicated the two stages of 60–90 days and 150–210 days were critical for the muscle growth and development in Shaziling pigs. Genes such as FLNC, COL1A1, NRAP, SMYD1, TNNI3, CRYAB and PDLIM3 played vital roles in the muscle growth, and genes such as CCDC71L, LPIN1, CPT1A, UCP3, NR4A3 and PDK4 played dominant roles in the lipid metabolism. Additionally, in contrast to the LM, the percentage of slow‐twitch muscle fibers in the SM of both breeds consistently decreased from 30 to 150 days of age, but there was a significant rebound at 210 days of age. However, the percentage of slow‐twitch muscle fibers in the SM of Shaziling pigs was higher than that in Yorkshire pigs, which may be associated with the calcium signaling pathway and the PPARβ/δ signaling pathway.

CONCLUSION

The present study detected two critical periods and many functional genes for the muscle growth and development of Shaziling pigs, and showed differences in muscle fiber characteristics between Shaziling and Yorkshire pigs. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Extracellular vesicles of Bifidobacterium longum reverse the acquired carboplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells via p53 phosphorylation on Ser15
Authors: Fan Yun‐Long , Jin Jia‐Xi , Zhu Jun , Ruan Hai‐Bo , Huang Jin‐Qun
Published: April 2024

We previously found that the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium was increased after chemotherapy; however, the role of Bifidobacterium longum in chemotherapeutic drug resistance in ovarian cancer (OVC) remains unclear. This study aimed to understand the potential effects and mechanism of B. longum extracellular vesicles (B. longum‐EVs) on carboplatin (CBP) resistance in OVC. Eight normal and 11 ovarian tissues were collected and the expression of B. longum genomic DNA and its association with acquired CBP resistance in OVC patients was determined. After isolating EVs by ultracentrifugation from B. longum (ATCC 15707), CBP‐resistant A2780 cells were treated with PBS, CBP, B. longum‐EVs, or CBP + B. longum‐EVs, and subsequently analyzed by CCK‐8, Edu staining, Annexin V/PI double staining, wound healing, and Transwell assays to detect cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion, respectively. MRP1, ATP7A, ATP7B, and p53 expression as well as p53 phosphorylation were measured by western blot analysis. S15A mutation of p53 was assessed to examine the potential role of p53 Ser15 phosphorylation in CBP‐resistant OVC. B. longum levels were elevated and positively associated with CBP resistance in OVC patients. Only high concentrations of B. longum‐EVs attenuated A2780 cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. B. longum‐EVs exposure significantly enhanced the sensitivity of CBP‐resistant A2780 cells to CBP and decreased the expression of drug resistance‐related proteins. The effect of B. longum‐EVs on reversing CBP resistance was completely inhibited by S15A mutation of p53. B. longum‐EVs enhanced the sensitivity of OVC cells to CBP through p53 phosphorylation on Ser15.
Anisotropic Lattice Thermal Conductivity in Highly Ordered PEDOT Fibers
Authors: Floris Paolo Sebastiano , Zahabi Najmeh , Zozoulenko Igor , Rurali Riccardo
Published: April 2024

When it comes to sustainable and efficient energy solutions, organic semiconductors can play an important role in thermoelectric applications, since they are non‐toxic, cheap, made of abundant chemical species, and show intrinsically low thermal conductivities. Their electrical conductivity can be optimized via doping. Yet, thermal conduction should be as low as possible and, to this end, the atomic scale mechanisms behind heat transport –e.g. the correlation between morphology and thermal conductivity or the role of doping– should be understood in detail. Fully atomistic molecular dynamics calculations of the lattice thermal conductivity of doped poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) highly ordered, quasi‐crystalline nanofibers are presented here. It is found that the conductivity along the backbone direction is not necessarily the highest, but it depends on the length of the PEDOT chains, thus the degree of anisotropy depends on the the aspect ratio of the nanofiber. Indeed, transport along the lamellar direction can be of the same order or higher than that of the backbone if their lengths are comparable. These results challenge the usual expectation that thermal conduction along the backbone largely exceeds those along the lamellar and π − π direction and have the important consequence that the anisotropy could be leveraged in thermal management applications.
Molecular Design of Naphthalene‐ and Carbazole‐Based Monomers for Regiospecific Synthesis of Poly(arylenevinylene)s via Co‐Catalyzed Hydroarylation Polyaddition
Authors: Iwamori Ryota , Kuwabara Junpei , Yasuda Takeshi , Kanbara Takaki
Published: April 2024

This study focuses on the development of regiospecific hydroarylation polyaddition of naphthalene‐ and carbazole‐based monomers with diynes under mild reaction conditions at room temperature. A 1‐pyrazole substituent serves as an appropriate directing group for a Co‐catalyst to efficiently activate the C–H bonds of generally inactive six‐membered aromatic hydrocarbons. The 1‐pyrazole groups in 2,6‐di(1‐pyrazolyl)naphthalene adopt planar conformations and act as directing groups, resulting in a smooth hydroarylation reaction. In contrast, the reaction with 1,5‐di(1‐pyrazolyl)naphthalene do not proceed. The polyaddition reaction of 2,6‐di(1‐pyrazolyl)naphthalene selectively proceeds at 3,7‐positions under mild reaction conditions at 30 °C, and yields corresponding poly(arylenevinylene) (PAV) with high molecular weight. This molecular design is also applicable to the hydroarylation polyaddition of carbazole; the polyaddition reaction of 9‐(2‐ethylhexyl)‐3,6‐di(1‐pyrazolyl)carbazole selectively occurred at 2,7‐positions. The optical and electronic properties of the synthesized compounds are evaluated. The obtained PAVs serve as an emitting material in organic light‐emitting diode (OLED). This study aims to develop a Co‐catalyzed hydroarylation polyaddition via C–H activation of generally inactive polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) under mild conditions.
Anisotropic equation based on fractional diffusion tensor for image noise removal
Authors: Charkaoui Abderrahim , Ben‐loghfyry Anouar
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we propose an anisotropic diffusion equation based on fractional‐order tensor diffusion applied on noisy images. We start by investigating the existence and uniqueness results of the proposed model. We also provide a discretization scheme based on the finite difference method. In order to prove the efficacy of our proposed approach, we deliver some simulations, which show robustness and remarkable results against noise while preserving edges and corners, compared to some well‐known models in literature. For a fair comparison, we manage to obtain the optimal parameters of every model thanks to PSNR and SSIM. We demonstrate the robustness efficacy of our model against high level of noise.
In Situ Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticle‐Decorated Polymeric Vesicles for Antibacterial Applications
Authors: Zhang Fen , Yao Qian , Niu Yanling , Chen Xiaoqi , Zhou Haijun , Bai Lu , Kong Zejuan , Li Yantao , Cheng Hua
Published: April 2024

Silver/polymeric vesicle composite nanoparticles with good antibacterial properties were fabricated in this study. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared in situ on cross‐linked vesicle membranes through the reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO3) using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) via coordination bonding between the Ag+ ions and the nitrogen atoms on the vesicles. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy (UV‐vis), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses confirmed the formation of AgNPs on the vesicles. The antibacterial test demonstrated good antibacterial activity against both Gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and Gram‐positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) for the produced AgNP‐decorated vesicles. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the AgNP‐decorated vesicles for E. coli and S. aureus were 8.4 and 9.6 μg/mL, respectively. Cell viability analysis on the A549 cells indicated that the toxicity was low when the AgNP concentrations did not exceed the MIC values, and the wound healing test confirmed the good antibacterial properties of the AgNP‐decorated vesicles.
Tumor microenvironment‐responsive hyaluronic acid‐oxaliplatin nanoparticles enhanced tumor cell elimination
Authors: Chi Runrun , Yang Xiao , Yang Ziwei , Xia Hangbin , Li Huili , Pan Luqi , Hao Jiahui , Yan Dongxue , Si Xiaoqin , Shi Changcan , Sun Jie , Li Wenzhong
Published: April 2024

Oxaliplatin (OXA) is widely utilized in clinical cancer treatment, however its effectiveness is hindered by drug resistance and severe side effects resulting from non‐targeted delivery and lack of response to the tumor environment. In this research, thiol modified OXA and oligo hyaluronic acid (oHA) were used to developed a redox‐responsive OXA‐SS‐oHA nanoparticle delivery system. The nanoparticles could release oxaliplatin prodrug OXA‐SH through the cleavage of disulfide bonds in response of the abundant GSH in the tumor environment. OXA‐SS‐oHA nanoparticles were stable in aqueous solution for 7 days, and in vitro release experiments showed that the cumulative release of OXA in the absence of GSH was 21%, while in the presence of 10 mM concentration of GSH, the cumulative release was 47%. Additionally, OXA‐SS‐oHA demonstrated greater efficacy in inducing cell death in GSH‐positive cells (MKN45) when compared to GSH‐negative cells (L929). This study provides a novel strategy for the construction of GSH‐stimulated responsive targeted drug delivery systems for cancer therapy.
Quality of life in children and adolescents after treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia according to the NOPHO ALL2008 protocol
Authors: Mogensen Nina , Kreicbergs Ulrika , Albertsen Birgitte Klug , Lähteenmäki Päivi M. , Heyman Mats , Harila Arja
Published: April 2024

Background

The improved outcome of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) over the last decades has increased the importance of assessing late effects and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), particularly when evaluating and comparing outcomes in clinical trials. This study aimed to assess HRQoL in children treated for ALL according to the NOPHO ALL2008 protocol.

Procedure

Children, aged 1 to less than 18 years at diagnosis, alive in first remission, and their parents, were asked to complete PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales (self‐ and proxy‐report) at ≥6 months after end of therapy. Data on socioeconomic factors and parent‐reported toxicity were collected through a study‐specific questionnaire, and the NOPHO ALL2008 database was used to identify eligible families and add additional disease‐ and treatment‐related data. HRQoL data were collected during 2013–2019 in Sweden, Finland, and Denmark.

Results

A total of 299 children were included. The older children (8 years and older) reported similar HRQoL scores compared to Finnish reference data, except lower scores for School Functioning in high‐risk patients. Scores from the parent‐proxy and self‐reports from 5–7‐year olds were notably lower than reference. Parent‐reported toxicity was associated with lower total and physical HRQoL scores in adjusted models for younger as well as older children in the self‐report and parent‐proxy versions, and also with lower psychosocial score in the parent‐proxy.

Conclusions

Self‐reported HRQoL was similar to reference population. The most important determinant for HRQoL after end of ALL treatment was parent‐reported toxicity during treatment. Thus, minimizing complications is an obvious focus for future treatment protocols.
Sustainable characterization of brake pads using raw/silane‐treated Mimosa pudica fibers for automobile applications
Authors: Raghunathan Vijay , Gnanasekaran Sathyamoorthy , Ayyappan Vinod , Devanathan Lenin Singaravelu , Mavinkere Rangappa Sanjay , Sienghcin Suchart
Published: April 2024

The demand for bio‐fiber composites has increased globally due to the environmental impact of non‐sustainable materials. In this context, Natural fibers are becoming increasingly popular in various applications due to their sustainability. This study explores silane‐treated Mimosa pudica (MP) fibers obtained from the relevant plant that were treated with silane and utilized to strengthen composites used in brake friction development. Five different formulations for brake friction composites were developed using silane‐treated and untreated MP fibers combined with inert filler synthetic barites and maintaining other ingredients in constant amounts. The brake pads were then evaluated for physical, chemical, mechanical, and thermal properties, and their tribological performance was assessed using the chase test, following SAE J661‐2021. The test results revealed that the silane‐treated fibers had a higher cellulose content of 57.2%, while the untreated fibers had a cellulose content of 48.7%. The Rockwell hardness‐K scale value was higher for brake pads made with 5 wt% silane‐treated fibers, with a value of 95. The wear loss was lower for brake pads made with 10 wt% silane‐treated MP fibers‐based brake pads than other composites. Scanning Electron Microscope analyzed the worn surface features of the brake pads used in the Chase test.

Highlights

Mimosa pudica fibers were utilized as reinforcement in brake pads

Silane‐treated Mimosa pudica fibers showed higher cellulose content and improved thermal stability

Silane‐treated Mimosa pudica fibers‐based brake pads showed optimal μ and lower wear rate.
Hybridization of Honeybee and Frog Peptides: Antimicrobial Peptides Composed of Apidaecins and Temporins With Enhanced Activity and Production of Their Electrospun Nanofibers
Authors: Gül Serap , Kara Şeyda , Talhi Hanene , Bahar Ali Adem , Kalfa Orhan Murat , Akcan Muharrem
Published: April 2024

The increased usage and misuse of antibiotics cause antimicrobial resistance, which makes it necessary to develop new antibiotic agents. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) could be a significant solution to addressing this issue. Antimicrobial temporin 1Ta and temporin 1Tb peptides, derived from frog skin secretions, exhibit notable activity against Gram (+) bacteria; on the other hand, apidaecin 1b peptide, obtained from honeybees, is effective against Gram (−) bacteria. In this study, hybrid AMPs were synthesized by merging temporin 1Ta and temporin 1Tb with apidaecin 1b to produce peptides that are active against a broad spectrum of microorganisms. Furthermore, the hybrid peptides were mixed with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer to produce bioactive nanofibers by electrospinning. The synthesized peptides and the nanofibers were tested on various Gram (+) and Gram (−) bacteria (E. coli ATCC 25922, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, S. aureus ATCC 29213, and E. faecalis ATCC 29212). As a result, the hybrid peptides were found to have a reasonable antibacterial effect on both bacterial groups. In addition, peptide‐containing nanofibers preserved the antibacterial activity as well. The hemolytic activities of the peptides were also examined, and it was found that the hybrid peptides were not lethal to red blood cells at a concentration of 16 μM.
Licht‐Blicke
Authors: Brönnimann Stefan
Published: April 2024

Seit 100 Jahren wird die atmosphärische Ozonmenge kontinuierlich mit photospektrometrischen Methoden gemessen. Zunächst stand dabei der mögliche Nutzen für die Wettervorhersage im Vordergrund. Aber bald zeigte sich, dass anhand von Ozon weitreichende Erkenntnisse über die Struktur der Stratosphäre und deren Zirkulation gewonnen werden können. Daher wurde weiterhin gemessen und 1957–1958 ein globales Netz aufgebaut. In den 1970er‐ und 1980er‐Jahren wurde Ozon zum Zentrum verschiedener Umweltprobleme: Sommersmog, Ozonloch, Treibhauseffekt. Ozonmessreihen erhielten dadurch eine neue Bedeutung. Dank der Arbeiten von Gordon Dobson und anderen liegt heute ein einzigartiger, langjähriger Datensatz vor. Er erlaubt, die erwartete Erholung der Ozonschicht festzustellen und in den langjährigen Kontext einzuordnen.
Registration of indeterminate and photoperiod‐insensitive IIPG‐7 and IIPG‐11 pigeonpea germplasm
Authors: Viteri Diego M. , Linares‐Ramírez Angela M.
Published: April 2024

Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Mill.] breeding lines (BL) IIPG‐7 (Reg. no. GP‐326, PI 704909) and IIPG‐11 (Reg. no. GP‐327, PI 704910) were developed at the University of Puerto Rico. Both BL were bred to have indeterminate flowering habit and photoperiod insensitivity. The agronomic performance of IIPG‐7, IIPG‐11, and checks was tested during different growing seasons in Isabela and Lajas, Puerto Rico. IIPG‐7 and IIPG‐11 were early maturing and initiated flowering at 73–84 days after planting (DAP), reaching harvest maturity at 121–127 DAP. This was in comparison to indeterminate cultivars ‘Ariel’, ‘Blanco Yauco’, ‘Kaki’, ‘Pinto Berrocales’, and ‘Super Pinto’, which initiated flowering at 91–102 DAP, reaching maturity at 138–148 DAP in short‐day conditions that occurred in October in both locations. These cultivars had seed yield values of over 1000 kg ha−1, whereas IIPG‐7 and IIPG‐11 produced 721–1010 kg ha−1. In contrast, IIPG‐7 and IIPG‐11 were the only indeterminate genotypes that initiated flowering at 42–88 DAP and reached maturity at 88–172 DAP under long‐day conditions (February, March, and May) in both locations. Seed yields of IIPG‐7 and IIPG‐11 varied from 626 to 2449 kg ha−1 in Isabela and were close to 2000 kg ha−1 in Lajas. IIPG‐7 has tan seed with reddish spots; IIPG‐11 has reddish seed with an average weight of 14 and 15 g per 100 seeds, respectively. The IIPG‐7 and IIPG‐11 BL can be used directly by growers or breeders to develop pigeonpea cultivars that can be planted year‐round.
Recent development of photoresponsive materials toward 3D printing: From materials to application
Authors: Du Beibei , He Yunfei , Shen Mingyao , Hu Zhixuan , Fu Wendi , Zou Jindou , Huang Rongjuan , Yu Tao
Published: April 2024

The rapid development of 3D printing has achieved considerable progress in architecture innovation, optical advancements, energy systems, dental care, pharmaceutical delivery, and personalized medical treatments. Nevertheless, the current technology of 3D printing is still limited to a single function. In recent years, the combination of photoresponsive materials and additive manufacturing has become a booming area for achieving intelligent photoresponsive 3D structures and stimulus‐responsive devices. By incorporating photoresponsive materials, 3D‐printed structures can change their shapes or colors under external stimuli. It is expected that the connection of photoresponsive materials and smart 3D printing will contribute to the development of adaptive camouflage, data retention, and molecular robotics. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current development of photoresponsive materials used in 3D printing, with an emphasis on photochromic materials, photodeformable materials, and photothermal materials. Additionally, the differences in the applications of these materials in 3D printing are compared. Finally, the current challenges and perspectives in the development of photoresponsive materials for additive manufacturing are also discussed.
Heavy Ge Doping in GaN via Pulsed Sputtering to Tailor the Optical Bandgap Energy
Authors: Naito Aiko , Ueno Kohei , Fujioka Hiroshi
Published: April 2024

The epitaxial growth of heavily Ge‐doped GaN films using pulsed sputtering deposition (PSD) on AlN (0001)/sapphire substrates is presented and the correlations among their structural, electrical, and optical properties are investigated. High‐quality Ge‐doped PSD‐GaN films are grown with electron concentrations of 0.33–4.4 × 1020 cm−3. Notably, cathode luminescence spectra reveal the absence of defect‐induced emissions associated with Ga vacancies (2.3–2.4 eV), consistent with the high electron mobilities of the films. As the electron concentration increases, the optical bandgap also increases. This correlation can be explained by combining the theoretical formulas for the Burstein–Moss shift and the bandgap renormalization effects. Remarkably, the optical bandgap reaches 3.84 eV at 4.4 × 1020 cm−3 carrier concentration, marking the highest value reported for the optical bandgap of GaN. These results indicate the potential of heavy Ge doping in GaN via PSD for applications in highly transparent conductive layers and tunneling junctions within GaN‐based optoelectronic devices.
Dry, drier, driest: Differentiating flow patterns across a gradient of intermittency
Authors: Kelly Benjamin T. , Bruckerhoff Lindsey A.
Published: April 2024

Intermittent streams exhibit regular patterns of drying and are widespread, but the patterns of drying among streams within geographic proximity are not fully understood. We compared annual patterns of flow and drying among 10 intermittent streams within a single drainage basin and assessed how traditional hydrologic metrics described variation between streams. We installed stream intermittency sensors and evaluated stage height using low‐cost methods and evaluated landscape factors as potential drivers of flow patterns. Intermittent streams varied based on both high‐ and low‐flow metrics, driven by a variety of landscape‐level factors, especially watershed size. Additionally, we compared the observed flow regimes within our system with predictions generated using an established Soil and Water Assessment Tool, finding that modeled streamflow patterns generally underrepresented observed drying within the system.
Hydropeaking mitigation with re‐regulation reservoirs
Authors: Mchayk Ali , Marttila Hannu , Klöve Björn , Torabi Haghighi Ali
Published: April 2024

The role of hydropower as a renewable and balancing power source is expected to increase in a Net Zero Emissions by 2050 scenario. As a common phenomenon in hydropower plants, hydropeaking will become more prominent, resulting in additional stresses on the ecological status of rivers. Here we propose a novel approach to design and operate auxiliary reservoirs called re‐regulation reservoirs (RRR) that aim to mitigate the adverse impacts of hydropeaking on rivers. A re‐regulation reservoir aims at smoothing flow fluctuations caused by hydropeaking by diverting and retaining parts of high flows and returning them back to river corridors during low flows. Using actual data from a hydropeaking‐influenced river system, the operation and efficiency of potential reservoirs have been investigated. An open‐access algorithm was developed to analyze the influence of the reservoirs to mitigate hydropeaking, considering peak and minimum flow and up‐ and down‐ramping rates. The findings illustrate that, in most cases, the required reservoir volume increases as the flow thresholds become more stringent. Nonetheless, several exceptions were observed, where larger reservoir volumes were required compared with cases with more stringent thresholds. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the impact of flow adjustments, while carefully considering the river regime, sub‐daily flow patterns, and unique characteristics of the river's ecosystem. Our approach shows theoretical possibilities for regulating hydropeaking and provides a basis for optimizing re‐regulation reservoirs, contributing to practical and adaptable strategies for sustainable hydropower management without increasing the operational cost of power systems.
On connectivity in random graph models with limited dependencies
Authors: Lengler Johannes , Martinsson Anders , Petrova Kalina , Schnider Patrick , Steiner Raphael , Weber Simon , Welzl Emo
Published: April 2024

We consider random graph models in which the events describing the inclusion of potential edges have to be independent of each other if the corresponding edges are non‐adjacent and ask: what is the minimum probability , such that for any distribution (in this model) on graphs with vertices in which each potential edge has a marginal probability of being present at least , a graph drawn from is connected with non‐zero probability? The answer to this question is sensitive to the formalization of the independence condition. We introduce a strict hierarchy of five conditions, which give rise to at least three different functions . For each condition, we provide upper and lower bounds for . For the strongest condition, the coloring model, we show that for . In contrast, for the weakest condition, pairwise independence, we show that lies within of the threshold for completely arbitrary distributions.
Neural Tracing Protein‐Functionalized Nanoparticles Capable of Fast Retrograde Axonal Transport in Live Neurons
Authors: Wang Wenqian , Hassan Md. Musfizur , Kapoor‐Kaushik Natasha , Livni Lital , Musrie Benjamin , Tang Jianbo , Mahmud Zaheri , Lai Saluo , Wich Peter Richard , Ananthanarayanan Vaishnavi , Moalem‐Taylor Gila , Mao Guangzhao
Published: April 2024

Neural tracing proteins like horseradish peroxidase‐conjugated wheat germ agglutinin (WGA‐HRP) can target the central nervous system (CNS) through anatomic retrograde transport without crossing the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Conjugating WGA‐HRP to nanoparticles may enable the creation of BBB‐bypassing nanomedicine. Microfluidics and two‐photon confocal microscopy is applied to screen nanocarriers for transport efficacy and gain mechanistic insights into their interactions with neurons. Protein modification of gold nanoparticles alters their cellular uptake at the axonal terminal and activates fast retrograde transport. Trajectory analysis of individual endosomes carrying the nanoparticles reveals a run‐and‐pause pattern along the axon with endosomes carrying WGA‐HRP‐conjugated gold nanoparticles exhibiting longer run duration and faster instantaneous velocity than those carrying nonconjugated nanoparticles. The results offer a mechanistic explanation of the different axonal transport dynamics as well as a cell‐based functional assay of neuron‐targeted nanoparticles with the goal of developing BBB‐bypassing nanomedicine for the treatment of nervous system disorders.
Certificate of Need and the labor market
Authors: Bae Kihwan , Bailey James
Published: April 2024

Thirty‐five U.S. states currently have Certificate‐of‐Need (CON) laws, which require health care providers to prove their “economic necessity” to a state board before they can legally open or expand. While dozens of articles have evaluated the effect of CON on hospitals and consumers, no published article has evaluated its effect on health care workers. We argue that the sign of the effect of CON on both the wages and employment is theoretically ambiguous. We conduct an empirical analysis of CON laws using 1979–2019 data from the Current Population Survey. We find that CON does not significantly affect the employment or wages of health care workers.
Microstructure Evolution and Deformation Behavior of High Strength Titanium Clad Steel Plate in the Thermal Compression
Authors: Chen Xuan , Xiao Han , Shao Peng , Huang Sheng , Shi Yaming , Liu Kun
Published: April 2024

This research involves conducting unidirectional axial thermal compression experiments on high‐strength titanium‐clad steel plates (TCSPs) at different temperatures and strain rates. Thermally compressed samples are evaluated for macromorphology, microstructure, macroscopic texture, and dislocation density. Deformation consistency is observed in α‐titanium under certain conditions, but not in β‐titanium. Pearlite is the main deformation microstructure near the steel interface, expanding with temperature. Striped grain clusters are observed in the α‐titanium near the interface, enhancing deformation uniformity; furthermore, the prevalence of striped grains increases with higher strain rates. However, dynamic recrystallization in β‐titanium hinderes deformation consistency. The fiber presence of texture <111>//ND ensures consistent deformation consistency, whereas the plate texture {0001} <100> in the α‐titanium encourages it. During the deformation process at a consistent rate of strain, it is observed that both matrices initially exhibit a rise, followed by a decline in dislocation density as the temperature increases, peaking at 850 °C. Dislocation density rises as strain rate increases, while temperature remaines constant. At temperatures exceeding 850 °C, bonding strengths decrease with deformation rate and remain comparable. Bonding strengths decreases at 800 °C due to intermetallic compound formation.
Introduction
Authors: Shao Haibing , Wang Ju , Schäfer Thorsten , Zhang Chun-Liang , Geckeis Horst , Nagel Thomas , Düsterloh Uwe , Kolditz Olaf , Shao Hua
Published: April 2024

For the disposal of high-level radioactive waste in deep geological formations, different host rocks (rock salt, crystalline and clay rock) are investigated internationally.
Arbeitspaket 1: Monitoring der gesellschaftlichen Akzeptanz der Nutztierhaltung
Authors: Christoph-Schulz Inken , Faletar Ivica , Hartmann Monika , Kenning Peter , Luy Jörg , Mergenthaler Marcus , Roosen Jutta , Spiller Achim , von Meyer-Höfer Marie
Published: April 2024

Ziel des ersten Arbeitspakets (AP 1) von SocialLab II war der Aufbau eines Monitorings zu Rahmenbedingungen, die Einfluss auf die Entwicklung der gesellschaftlichen Kritik und Akzeptanz der landwirtschaftlichen Nutztierhaltung haben. Basierend auf Ergebnissen von SocialLab I (Christoph-Schulz et al., 2018) ging es um die Etablierung einer langfristig durchzuführenden Längsschnittstudie. Das Monitoring wurde online mit insgesamt 4 Befragungswellen und repräsentativen Stichproben von Verbraucherinnen und Verbrauchern durchgeführt, aufgebaut bzw. getestet. Darüber hinaus wurden landwirtschaftliche Betriebe sowie der Lebensmittelhandel befragt. So konnte ein Befragungstool entwickelt und validiert werden, welches es dem BMEL zukünftig ermöglicht, in regelmäßigen Abständen Erhebungen zu folgenden, in der gesellschaftlichen Debatte um die Weiterentwicklung der landwirtschaftlichen Nutztierhaltung wichtigen Themenkomplexen, durchzuführen.
Strong solutions to McKean–Vlasov SDEs with coefficients of Nemytskii type: the time-dependent case
Authors: Grube Sebastian
Published: April 2024

We consider a large class of nonlinear FPKEs with coefficients of Nemytskii type depending explicitly on time and space, for which it is known that there exists a sufficiently Sobolev-regular Schwartz-distributional solution $$u\in L^1\cap L^\infty $$

u
∈

L
1

∩

L
∞

. We show that there exists a unique strong solution to the associated McKean–Vlasov SDE with time marginal law densities u. In particular, every weak solution of this equation with time marginal law densities u can be written as a functional of the driving Brownian motion. Moreover, plugging any Brownian motion into this very functional produces a weak solution with time marginal law densities u.
Advancing pain management for extremity trauma: the evolution of ultrasound-guided nerve blocks for patients in the supine position in trauma centers
Authors: Huaguo Yuefeng , Kang Shuai , Hu Li , Zhou Hongmei
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Trauma, particularly extremity trauma, poses a considerable challenge in healthcare, especially among young adults. Given the severity of patient pain and the risks associated with excessive opioid use, managing acute pain in trauma centers is inherently complex. This study aims to investigate the application and benefits of ultrasound-guided nerve blocks for early pain management in patients with extremity trauma positioned supine.

Methods

A comprehensive literature review was conducted to assess the effectiveness and advantages of ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve blocks in the acute pain management of extremity trauma patients in the supine position. Special emphasis was placed on evaluating the selection criteria, indications, contraindications, adverse reactions, and potential complications associated with these nerve block techniques.

Results

Ultrasound-guided nerve blocks represent a safer and more precise option for managing pain in extremity trauma patients placed in the supine position. These techniques offer significant advantages in terms of reducing healthcare expenses, diminishing reliance on opioid medications, and mitigating opioid-related complications. Nonetheless, challenges may arise due to the necessity for patient cooperation during specific nerve block procedures.

Conclusion

Ultrasound-guided nerve blocks present a promising avenue for early pain management in extremity trauma patients positioned supinely. Their implementation can lead to improved patient outcomes by alleviating pain severity, reducing opioid consumption, and cutting down healthcare costs. Further research and clinical integration of these techniques is imperative to enhance pain management protocols in trauma centers.
Inconclusiveness of psychometric testing of medication adherence questionnaires
Authors: Arnet Isabelle , Eickhoff Christiane , Sahm Laura J , Caloz Sabine , Mittag Michael , Schulz Martin , Allemann Samuel S
Published: April 2024

Purpose

To propose a paradigm change for the validation procedures of medication adherence questionnaires.

Methods

A total of 121 validation procedures of unique questionnaires for medication adherence were analyzed.

Results

“Construct validity” and “internal consistency” were most often assessed, and test results varied largely. A more in-depth analysis indicated that the assessment of medication non-adherence included distinct but related constructs, such as the extent to which doses are missed, and the attempt to identify different facets of medication-taking behavior. Consequently, each construct requires a different measurement approach with different psychometric tests for establishing its validity and reliability.

Conclusion

Results show that assessing the validity and reliability of adherence questionnaires with standard procedures including statistical tests is inconclusive. Refinement of the constructs of non-adherence is needed in pharmacy and medical practice. We suggest a distinction between the (i) extent of missed doses over the past 2 weeks, (ii) modifiable reasons for non-adherence behavior, and (iii) unmodifiable factors of non-adherence. Validation procedures and corresponding statistical methods should be selected according to the specific single constructs.
The Preservation of Umbilical Blood Supply in Combined Ventral Hernia Repair and Abdominoplasty: A Narrative Review
Authors: Chua Marcel , Seth Ishith , Tobin Vicky , Kaplan Elan , Rozen Warren Matthew
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Combined ventral hernia repair and abdominoplasty treat risk factors such as high body mass index and weak abdominal musculature, providing excellent intraoperative exposure and improved patient outcomes. Unfortunately, a combination of traditional procedures is unfeasible as the umbilical blood supply would be compromised, leading to increased umbilical necrosis risk. This narrative review aimed to identify new techniques and solidify evidence in preserving umbilical blood supply and associated level of evidence.

Methods

Two authors conducted a thorough literature search on PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane CENTRAL databases from January 1901 to July 2023, adhering to the methodologies of the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Studies were reviewed for their surgical technique and quality of evidence. The primary outcomes of interest consisted of umbilical complications of this combined procedure.

Results

Six techniques were identified that included laparoscopic, pre-rectus, unilateral, distal bilateral, proximal bilateral, and inferior midline approaches. All techniques demonstrated as viable options in preserving umbilical blood supply as reported complications were few, minor, and compounded by risk factors. However, all included techniques were limited to low-to-moderate-quality evidence.

Conclusion

Despite the lack of high-quality evidence, all techniques remain viable options for combined ventral hernia repair and abdominoplasty. Large-scale high-quality RCTs are required to compare the effectiveness of various approaches with additional outcomes of hernia recurrence rates, intraoperative time, and patient- and surgeon-reported satisfaction.

Level of Evidence IV

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Efficacy of electroacupuncture therapy in patients with functional anorectal pain: study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Xue Yahong , Zhou Huifen , Zeng Yusha , Wang Chen , Yang Yun , Wang Xiaopeng , He Zongqi , Yao Yibo , Wang Xiaofeng , Fan Zhimin
Published: April 2024

Background

Some Chinese scholars have initially explored the efficacy of electroacupuncture at Baliao acupoint in patients with functional anorectal pain (FAP). However, their studies are performed in a single center, or the sample size is small. Therefore, we aim to further explore the efficacy of electroacupuncture at Baliao acupoint on the treatment of FAP.

Methods

In this multicenter randomized controlled trial, 136 eligible FAP patients will be randomly allocated into an electroacupuncture group or sham electroacupuncture group at a 1:1 ratio. This trial will last for 34 weeks, with 2 weeks of baseline, 4 weeks and 8 weeks of treatment, and 1, 3, and 6 months of follow-up. Outcome assessors and statisticians will be blind. The primary outcome will be clinical treatment efficacy, and secondary outcomes will be pain days per month, quality of life, psychological state assessment, anorectal manometry, pelvic floor electromyography, and patient satisfaction.

Discussion

Results of this trial will be contributed to further clarify the value of electroacupuncture at Baliao acupoint as a treatment for FAP in the clinic.

Trial registration

This trial has been registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry https://www.chictr.org.cn/ (ChiCTR2300069757) on March 24, 2023.