bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MIF inhibitor, ISO-1, attenuates human pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro, and suppresses xenograft tumour growth in vivo
Authors: Cheng Bo , Wang Qiaofang , Song Yaodong , Liu Yanna , Liu Yanyan , Yang Shujun , Li Dejian , Zhang Yan , Zhu Changju
Published: April 2020

This study sought to investigate the biological effects of specific MIF inhibitor, ISO-1, on the proliferation, migration and invasion of PANC-1 human pancreatic cells in vitro, and on tumour growth in a xenograft tumour model in vivo. The effect of ISO-1 on PANC-1 cell proliferation was examined using CCK-8 cell proliferation assay. The effect of ISO-1 on collective cell migration and recolonization of PANC-1 cells was evaluated using the cell-wound closure migration assay. The effect of ISO-1 on the migration and invasion of individual PANC-1 cells in a 3-dimensional environment in response to a chemo-attractant was investigated through the use of Transwell migration/invasion assays. Quantitative real time PCR and western blot analyses were employed to investigate the effects of ISO-1 on MIF, NF-κB p65 and TNF-α mRNA and protein expression respectively. Finally, a xenograft tumor model in BALB/c nude mice were used to assess the in vivo effects of ISO-1 on PANC-1-induced tumor growth. We found high expression of MIF in pancreatic cancer tissues. We demonstrated that ISO-1 exerts anti-cancer effects on PANC-1 cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro, and inhibited PANC-1 cell-induced tumour growth in xenograft mice in vivo. Our data suggests that ISO-1 and its derivative may have potential therapeutic applications in pancreatic cancer.
The purification, structural characterization and antidiabetic activity of a polysaccharide from Anoectochilus roxburghii
Authors: Liu Yuntao , Tang Tingting , Duan Songqi , Li Cheng , Lin Qinlu , Wu Hejun , Liu Aiping , Hu Bin , Wu Dingtao , Li Suqing , Shen Li , Wu Wenjuan
Published: April 2020

Anoectochilus roxburghii, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, has been widely used for treating numerous chronic diseases.
A light-triggerable formulation to control the stability of pro-angiogenic transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)
Authors: Blersch Josephine , Francisco Vitor , Rebelo Catarina , Jiménez-Balsa Adrian , Antunes Helena , Pinto Sandra , Simões Susana , Rai Akhilesh , Ferreira Lino
Published: April 2020

Combining nanoparticle physico-chemical diversity and light responsiveness for the delivery of siRNAs to regulate transcription factor HIF-1α.
Correction: Understanding fecal sludge drying in membrane-lined container-based toilets for developing countries with CFD modeling
Authors: Bakhshayesh Babak Ebrazi , Saxena Shray , Imhoff Paul T.
Published: April 2020

Correction for ‘Understanding fecal sludge drying in membrane-lined container-based toilets for developing countries with CFD modeling’ by Babak Ebrazi Bakhshayesh et al., Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol., 2019, 5, 2219–2231.
Prospective randomized trial evaluating blood and prostate tissue concentrations of green tea polyphenols and quercetin in men with prostate cancer
Authors: Henning Susanne M. , Wang Piwen , Lee Ru-Po , Trang Amy , Husari George , Yang Jieping , Grojean Emma M. , Ly Austin , Hsu Mark , Heber David , Grogan Tristan , Li Zhaoping , Aronson William J.
Published: April 2020

Epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin gallate (Green Tea Polyphenols – GTPs) and quercetin (Q) were taken up in prostate tissue after Q and GTP consumption. Our findings herein suggest a potential effect of Q on GTP metabolism.
Ultra-sensitive determination of antimony valence by solution cathode glow discharge optical emission spectrometry coupled with hydride generation
Authors: Zhao Mingyue , Peng Xiaoxu , Yang Bingcheng , Wang Zheng
Published: April 2020

An ultra-sensitive solution cathode glow discharge-optical emission spectrometry (SCGD-OES) method coupled with hydride generation (HG) for the determination of antimony valence is described.
Tetra-primer ARMS-PCR combined with GoldMag lateral flow assay for genotyping: simultaneous visual detection of both alleles
Authors: Zhang Sinong , Cai Yu , Zhang Jiaxing , Liu Xiaonan , He Lihua , Cheng Long , Hua Kai , Hui Wenli , Zhu Juanli , Wan Yinsheng , Cui Yali
Published: April 2020

Combining a tetra-primer ARMS-PCR with LFA for simultaneous visual detection of both alleles.
A novel long-acting azathioprine polyhydroxyalkanoate nanoparticle enhances treatment efficacy for systemic lupus erythematosus with reduced side effects
Authors: Hu Jin , Wang Min , Xiao Xinyue , Zhang Bo , Xie Qiu , Xu Xinjie , Li Shengjie , Zheng Zhifa , Wei Daixu , Zhang Xuan
Published: April 2020

A polyhydroxyalkanoate terpolymer based drug delivery platform loaded with immunosuppressant for systemic lupus erythematosus therapy with less systemic toxicity.
Continuous growth phenomenon for direct synthesis of monodisperse water-soluble iron oxide nanoparticles with extraordinarily high relaxivity
Authors: Cheah Pohlee , Cowan Terriona , Zhang Rong , Fatemi-Ardekani Ali , Liu Yongjian , Zheng Jie , Han Fengxiang , Li Yu , Cao Dongmei , Zhao Yongfeng
Published: April 2020

A continuous growth phenomenon is discovered for the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles with nanometer-scale size control in an amphiphilic solvent. The as-prepared nanoparticles are extremely water soluble without any surface modification.
A 3D printed drug delivery implant formed from a dynamic supramolecular polyurethane formulation
Authors: Salimi S. , Wu Y. , Barreiros M. I. Evangelista , Natfji A. A. , Khaled S. , Wildman R. , Hart L. R. , Greco F. , Clark E. A. , Roberts C. J. , Hayes W.
Published: April 2020

Prototype drug eluting implants have been 3D printed using a supramolecular polyurethane-PEG formulation. The implants are capable of releasing a pharmaceutical active with effective drug release over a period of up to 8.5 months.
Dialumenes – arylvs.silyl stabilisation for small molecule activation and catalysis
Authors: Weetman Catherine , Porzelt Amelie , Bag Prasenjit , Hanusch Franziska , Inoue Shigeyoshi
Published: April 2020

Ligand controlled reactivity: atrans-bent and twisted geometry enables dihydrogen activation and enhanced catalytic activity for NHC-stabilised dialumenes.
Ubiquitination-activating enzymes UBE1 and UBA6 regulate ubiquitination and expression of cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5
Authors: Hu Yushuang , Bai Xuemei , Zhang Chi , Chakrabarti Susmita , Tang Bo , Xiong Hongbo , Wang Zhijie , Yu Gang , Xu Chengqi , Chen Qiuyun , Wang Qing Kenneth
Published: April 2020

Cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5 is associated with cardiac arrhythmias and heart failure. Protein ubiquitination is catalyzed by an E1–E2–E3 cascade of enzymes. However, the E1 enzyme catalyzing Nav1.5 ubiquitination is unknown. Here, we show that UBE1 and UBA6 are two E1 enzymes regulating Nav1.5 ubiquitination and expression. Western blot analysis and patch-clamping recordings showed that overexpression of UBE1 or UBA6 increased the ubiquitination of Nav1.5 and significantly reduced Nav1.5 expression and sodium current density, and knockdown of UBE1 or UBA6 expression significantly increased Nav1.5 expression and sodium current density in HEK293/Nav1.5 cells. Similar results were obtained in neonatal cardiomyocytes. Bioinformatic analysis predicted two ubiquitination sites at K590 and K591. Mutations of K590 and K591 to K590A and K591A abolished the effects of overexpression or knockdown of UBE1 or UBA6 on Nav1.5 expression and sodium current density. Western blot analysis showed that the effects of UBE1 or UBA6 overexpression on the ubiquitination and expression of Nav1.5 were abolished by knockdown of UBC9, a putative E2 enzyme reported for Nav1.5 ubiquitination by us. Interestingly, real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression level of UBE1, but not UBA6, was significantly up-regulated in ventricular tissues from heart failure patients. These data establish UBE1 and UBA6 as the E1 enzymes involved in Nav1.5 ubiquitination, and suggest that UBE1 and UBA6 regulate ubiquitination of Nav1.5 through UBC9. Our study is the first to reveal the regulatory role of the UBE1 or UBA6 E1 enzyme in the ubiquitination of an ion channel and links UBE1 up-regulation to heart failure.
Culturally Competent Care for Transgender Voice and Communication Intervention
Authors: Smith Carey J.
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Despite constituting 4.5% of the population, the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer+ community is poorly understood by the health care community. Seventy percent of transgender individuals report discrimination in health care, and 51% of speech-language pathologists do not know clinical techniques for transgender clients. This community is particularly obscured by its high degree of diversity, which can be confusing for clinicians who are unfamiliar with the nuances of the culture or unprepared to adapt to a gender-affirming therapy model.

Method

Methods focus on gender affirmation and community trust building. Specific targets included exploring self-expression through reflection, metatherapy, and observation of self and others in regard to various communication strategies. Clients were provided opportunities to practice and experience a gradient of degrees of gendered communication to make the experience affirming to their gender identity.

Results

Results were reflected in two case studies, Kasi, a transfeminine client, and RJ, a transmasculine client. Kasi began therapy as directionless, abrasive, and conflicted about their voice and transition goals. They concluded therapy focused, motivated to communicate more clearly, and achieving technical targets that were unexpected given starting points. Kasi made this progress in collaboration with the resilient focus of the clinical team on their validity and affirmation. RJ began therapy highly distrustful of therapy but unable to pursue hormone replacement therapy for pitch lowering. Their goal was to achieve voice modification through therapy. RJ finished their treatment consistently gendered as male on the phone and in public, with 130 Hz without testosterone.

Conclusions

Voice therapy is a vital health safety service for transgender clients, and increasing access to culturally competent care should be a concern for all speech pathologists. Building trust and empathy with this community will be a significant step in breaking down gatekeeping practices in the field and in the larger medical practice.
Optimal co‐placement method considering non‐homogeneous PMU channel capacities
Authors: Okekunle Dahunsi J. , Unigwe Obinna , Kiprakis Aristides E.
Published: April 2020

In this study, a topology defragmentation method is developed for co‐placements of phasor measurement units (PMUs) and their communication infrastructure. Electric power networks are defragmented into sets of branches and a realistic cost model, based on reports from industry, is developed. Instead of considering channel limitations, more practical consideration of the presence of dual‐use line relays and PMUs with different channel capacities is used to obtain a least‐cost solution for specified levels of observability. Formulations are proposed to address budget limitations, to maximise benefits from add‐on application, and to enhance application‐sensitive deployments. The approach is demonstrated on a number of IEEE test networks and results reflect practical situations where optimal solutions (especially PMU buses and the capacity of deployed PMUs) depend on the availability of equipment, existing devices, and the level of observability specified. Solutions obtained to specify the bus, branch, PMU type, and phasor data concentrator to connect to and are optimal without the need for algorithmic parameter tuning. It is established, among other conclusions, that placement results should transcend beyond mere statements of the number of installations, but on the specifics of the deployments at the buses, branches, and storage locations.
Update Reanimation – innerklinische Reanimation
Authors: Seewald Stephan , Schewe Jens-Christian , Lenkeit Stefan , Jantzen Tanja , Bein Berthold
Published: April 2020

Das innerklinische Notfallmanagement ist ein zentraler Baustein für die Patientensicherheit im Krankenhaus. Durch Frühwarnsysteme und die Etablierung Medizinischer Einsatzteams (MET) können sich verschlechternde Patienten frühzeitig erkannt und vermeidbare Todesfälle verhindert werden. Dieser Beitrag stellt wesentliche Elemente eines modernen innerklinischen Notfallmanagements dar.
Laparoscopy-assisted versus balloon enteroscopy-assisted ERCP after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
Authors: Tønnesen Christer Julseth , Young Juliet , Glomsaker Tom , Mala Tom , Løberg Magnus , Bretthauer Michael , Refsum Erle , Aabakken Lars
Published: April 2020

Background Patients who have undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) are at increased risk of biliary disease necessitating endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The most widely used approaches to perform ERCP after RYGB are laparoscopy-assisted ERCP (LA-ERCP) and balloon enteroscopy-assisted ERCP (BEA-ERCP). There are few studies comparing these procedures. We aimed to compare the performance, benefits, and harms of LA-ERCP and BEA-ERCP in RYGB patients.

Methods We identified all RYGB patients who underwent ERCP at two tertiary care endoscopy centers in Oslo, Norway between May 2013 and December 2017. One center performed BEA-ERCP, the other LA-ERCP. Procedure success was defined as fulfillment of the therapeutic or diagnostic aim, according to the procedure description. Adverse events were classified according to the Clavien–Dindo grading system.

Results During the study period, 40 BEA-ERCP and 39 LA-ERCP procedures were performed in 68 patients. Procedure success rate was 72.5 % for BEA-ERCP and 87.2 % for LA-ERCP (P = 0.14). Adverse events occurred in 18 % of BEA-ERCP and 28 % of LA-ERCP (P = 0.23). Serious adverse events (Clavien–Dindo grade ≥ 3b) occurred in 2.5 % of BEA-ERCP and 7.7 % of LA-ERCP procedures (P = 0.36). Concomitant cholecystectomy was performed in 25 of the 39 LA-ERCP procedures. The median procedure times for LA-ERCP performed with and without concomitant cholecystectomy were 201 minutes and 140 minutes, respectively, and for BEA-ERCP was 125 minutes.

Conclusions In experienced hands, both LA-ERCP and BEA-ERCP have high success rates after RYGB. The choice of approach should be individualized according to patient characteristics and available physician competence.
Efficacy of a novel self-assembling peptide hemostatic gel as rescue therapy for refractory acute gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: de Nucci Germana , Reati Raffaella , Arena Ilaria , Bezzio Cristina , Devani Massimo , Corte Cristina della , Morganti Daniela , Mandelli Enzo Domenico , Omazzi Barbara , Redaelli Davide , Saibeni Simone , Dinelli Marco , Manes Gianpiero
Published: April 2020

Background Acute gastrointestinal bleeding (AGIB) results in significant morbidity and mortality. Topical hemostatic products have been developed for endoscopic use to help in the management of difficult bleeding. Our aim was to demonstrate the ease of use, safety, and efficacy of PuraStat, a novel hemostat, to control AGIB.

Methods We describe 77 patients (41 men) who were treated for acute upper and lower AGIB in a 2-year period. In 50 patients, bleeding occurred as a complication of a previous endoscopic procedure, predominantly endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP); however, in the other 27 patients, it derived from peptic ulcers, angiodysplasia, cancers, and surgical anastomoses. Bleeding was spurting in 13 of the 77 patients and oozing in 64. PuraStat was used after the failure of at least two conventional hemostatic methods.

Results A mean of 2.6 conventional hemostatic methods had been attempted prior to the application of PuraStat. PuraStat achieved successful hemostasis in 90.9 % of patients. In 41 patients, once hemostasis was obtained with PuraStat, endoscopists further stabilized hemostasis by using at least one additional method. Recurrence of bleeding was observed in eight patients (10.4 %). In 16 patients with intraprocedural bleeding, it was possible to complete the procedures (14 EMR, 2 ERCP) after PuraStat hemostasis. No adverse events related to PuraStat were recorded.

Conclusions PuraStat is feasible, safe, and effective in controlling different types of gastrointestinal hemorrhage after failure of conventional hemostatic methods. Its application also does not hinder continuing endotherapy.
Comparison of antimicrobial resistance in Gram negative bacteria isolated from effluents in coastal districts of Karnataka, India
Authors: Mohan Raj Juliet Roshini , Vittal Rajeshwari , Shivakumaraswamy Santosh Kogaluru , Deekshit Vijaya Kumar , Karunasagar Indrani
Published: April 2020

Downstream water systems provide for a conducive environment for horizontal gene transfer. The objective of this study was to determine the burden of antimicrobial resistance in waste water effluents from different sources and their impact on human health. Gram negative bacteria were isolated from 30 samples each of industrial, hospital and domestic effluents. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the 367 isolates from 90 effluent samples was determined by disc diffusion test and presence of antimicrobial resistance genes by polymerase chain reaction. Resistance to ampicillin was 62% in hospital effluents and was higher than that recorded for industrial and domestic effluents. While the highest percentage of resistance to tetracycline was observed in isolates from industrial effluents (42%) a low of 9.5% was observed in hospital effluents. Antimicrobial resistance determinants present on mobile genetic elements were observed in a small fraction (~10%) of the resistant isolates. The resistance profile of isolates in effluents reflect the practices of different industries. Resistant isolates in domestic effluents could be a reflection of the indiscriminate use of antibiotics andthat many of the contents of disinfectants and cleaning agents routinely used may contain structural analogs of antimicrobials used in therapy. Though by phenotypic test a higher prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was recorded the genotypic study revealed the prevalence to be low. This could be due to the limited number of antimicrobial resistance genes included in this study.
Ultrasound-induced molecular delivery to erythrocytes using a microfluidic system
Authors: Centner Connor S. , Murphy Emily M. , Priddy Mariah C. , Moore John T. , Janis Brett R. , Menze Michael A. , DeFilippis Andrew P. , Kopechek Jonathan A.
Published: April 2020

Preservation of erythrocytes in a desiccated state for storage at ambient temperature could simplify blood transfusions in austere environments, such as rural clinics, far-forward military operations, and during space travel. Currently, storage of erythrocytes is limited by a short shelf-life of 42 days at 4 °C, and long-term preservation requires a complex process that involves the addition and removal of glycerol from erythrocytes before and after storage at −80 °C, respectively. Natural compounds, such as trehalose, can protect cells in a desiccated state if they are present at sufficient levels inside the cell, but mammalian cell membranes lack transporters for this compound. To facilitate compound loading across the plasma membrane via ultrasound and microbubbles (sonoporation), a polydimethylsiloxane-based microfluidic device was developed. Delivery of fluorescein into erythrocytes was tested at various conditions to assess the effects of parameters such as ultrasound pressure, ultrasound pulse interval, microbubble dose, and flow rate. Changes in ultrasound pressure and mean flow rate caused statistically significant increases in fluorescein delivery of up to 73 ± 37% (p < 0.05) and 44 ± 33% (p < 0.01), respectively, compared to control groups, but no statistically significant differences were detected with changes in ultrasound pulse intervals. Following freeze-drying and rehydration, recovery of viable erythrocytes increased by up to 128 ± 32% after ultrasound-mediated loading of trehalose compared to control groups (p < 0.05). These results suggest that ultrasound-mediated molecular delivery in microfluidic channels may be a viable approach to process erythrocytes for long-term storage in a desiccated state at ambient temperatures.
Two methods for solving models of gene expression show promise
Authors: Mandel Savannah
Published: April 2020

Researchers present computationally efficient approaches for solving models of gene expression both exactly and approximately.
Platform probes materials compressed to millions of atmospheres with X-ray diffraction
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: April 2020

Ultra-high pressure system at the National Ignition Facility looks to provide new insights on the evolution of astrophysical bodies, inertial confinement fusion and other applications.
Steady state densities in a plasma confined by a dipole magnet: Diffusion induced transport explored through direct measurements and modeling
Authors: Baitha Anuj Ram , Nanda Ayesha , Hunjan Sargam , Bhattacharjee Sudeep
Published: April 2020

Steady state densities in a plasma confined by a permanent dipole magnet are determined through detailed experiments and modeling. Two diffusion models are developed, and the resulting equations are solved numerically to yield the radial and angular plasma density profiles, which are compared with those obtained experimentally. The models consider the fluid and continuity equations along with Fick’s law and take into account the experimentally determined electron temperature (Te) and the static dipole magnetic fields (B) in space, as a common input. In model I, the equation of motion for both charges (ions and electrons) is used to self-consistently generate the ambipolar electric field (E), while model II considers the electron equation of motion and takes into account the experimentally determined plasma potential (Vs) as another input, whose gradient provides the ambipolar electric field. Results indicate that the plasma density peaks around r ∼ (2–12) cm depending on the polar angle and the discharge pressure and decreases for large r, while its angular variation shows a maximum in the equatorial plane (θ = 90°) and decreases toward the polar regions. Te and Vs are higher in the polar cusp regions and decrease toward the equatorial plane, with the profiles becoming more spherically symmetric away from the magnet. The numerically obtained density profiles from the models agree well with those obtained experimentally. The phenomenon of inward diffusion resulting in peaked density profiles as reported by earlier authors is found to be a natural outcome of the solution of the diffusion equation.
Collision between a charged particle and a polarizable neutral particle in plasmas
Authors: Bastykova N. Kh. , Moldabekov Zh. A. , Kodanova S. K. , Ramazanov T. S.
Published: April 2020

The collision of a polarizable neutral particle with a charged particle in plasmas is studied. The neutral particle interaction with a charged particle is considered to be due to an induced dipole moment. Taking into account screening and a finite size of colliding particles, we present accurate and simple interpolation formulas for the total scattering cross section in the case of contact of the neutral particle with the dust particle surface. The results are obtained for both weak and strong coupling between colliding particles.
Target normal sheath acceleration by fs laser and advanced carbon foils with gold films and nanoparticles
Authors: Torrisi L. , Rosinski M. , Cutroneo M. , Torrisi A.
Published: April 2020

Thin foils of graphene oxide (GO) are irradiated by a fs titanium sapphire laser at an intensity of about 1019 W/cm2 in high vacuum. The produced plasma in the forward direction accelerates ions in a regime of target-normal-sheath-acceleration, thanks to the relativistic electron emission from the target surface and to their emission from the rear foil surface, generating a high electric field pulse with the positive target. The ion acceleration is measured mainly using SiC detectors in the time-of-flight configuration. Adding gold as nanoparticles or as a thin coverage film, the ion acceleration is enhanced as a result of a higher plasma electron density. The optimal acceleration is reached by varying the GO thickness, the Au nanoparticle concentration, the thin Au film thickness, and the irradiation conditions. Particularly important is the laser focal position with respect to the target surface, which is responsible for different acceleration values. In the used experimental conditions, a maximum proton energy of 2.6 MeV was obtained and the best modality to add Au atoms to the target is discussed.
High performance Zn-diffused planar mid-wavelength infrared type-II InAs/InAs1−xSbx superlattice photodetector by MOCVD
Authors: Wu Donghai , Dehzangi Arash , Li Jiakai , Razeghi Manijeh
Published: April 2020

We report a Zn-diffused planar mid-wavelength infrared photodetector based on type-II InAs/InAs1−xSbx superlattices. Both the superlattice growth and Zn diffusion were performed in a metal-organic chemical vapor deposition system. At 77 K, the photodetector exhibits a peak responsivity of 0.70 A/W at 3.65 μm, corresponding to a quantum efficiency of 24% at zero bias without anti-reflection coating, with a 50% cutoff wavelength of 4.28 μm. With an R0A value of 3.2 × 105 Ω cm2 and a dark current density of 9.6 × 10−8 A/cm2 under an applied bias of −20 mV at 77 K, the photodetector exhibits a specific detectivity of 2.9 × 1012 cm Hz1/2/W. At 150 K, the photodetector exhibits a dark current density of 9.1 × 10−6 A/cm2 and a quantum efficiency of 25%, resulting in a detectivity of 3.4 × 1011 cm Hz1/2/W.
Adaptive prescribed burning in Australia for the early 21st Century – context, status, challenges
Authors: Russell-Smith Jeremy , McCaw Lachie , Leavesley Adam
Published: April 2020

Despite evident advances in knowledge and understanding concerning the application of prescribed burning for delivering benefits in wildfire control and a variety of sociocultural, economic and environmental outcomes, the practical application of prescribed burning in Australia is increasingly administratively and logistically complex, often controversial and climatically challenging. This series of papers does not address the merits or otherwise of prescribed burning – we accept the lessons from antiquity and recent history that the use of prescribed fire in contemporary Australia is essential for reducing, although not always being able to deliver on, wildfire risks and meeting a variety of societal and environmental needs. This special issue focuses on several fundamental adaptive management and monitoring questions: are we setting appropriate management targets? Can these targets and associated indicators be readily measured? Can we realistically deliver on those targets? And if so, what are the costs and/or trade-offs involved? The 10 solicited papers included here provide a sample illustration of the diversity of approaches currently being undertaken in different Australian regions to address complex adaptive management and monitoring challenges.
Infant behavioral inhibition predicts personality and social outcomes three decades later
Authors: Tang Alva , Crawford Haley , Morales Santiago , Degnan Kathryn A. , Pine Daniel S. , Fox Nathan A.
Published: April 2020

Does infant temperament predict adult personality and life-course patterns? To date, there is scant evidence examining relations between child temperament and adult outcomes, and extant research has relied on limited methods for measuring temperament such as maternal report. This prospective longitudinal study followed a cohort of infants (n= 165) for three decades to examine whether infant behavioral inhibition, a temperament characterized by cautious and fearful behaviors to unfamiliar situations, shapes long-term personality, social relationships, vocational/education, and mental health outcomes in adulthood. At age 14 mo, behavioral inhibition was assessed using an observation paradigm. In adolescence (15 y;n= 115), error monitoring event-related potentials were measured in a flanker task. In adulthood (26 y;n= 109), personality, psychopathology, and sociodemographics were self-reported using questionnaires. We found that infants with higher levels of behavioral inhibition at 14 mo grew up to become more reserved and introverted adults (β = 0.34) with lower social functioning with friends and family (β = −0.23) at age 26. Infant behavioral inhibition was also a specific risk factor for adult internalizing (i.e., anxiety and depression, β = 0.20) psychopathology, rather than a transdiagnostic risk for general and externalizing psychopathology. We identified a neurophysiologic mechanism underlying risk and resilience for later psychopathology. Heightened error monitoring in adolescence moderated higher levels of adult internalizing psychopathology among behaviorally inhibited individuals. These findings suggest meaningful continuity between infant temperament and the development of adult personality. They provide the earliest evidence suggesting that the foundation of long-term well-being is rooted in individual differences in temperament observed in infancy.
Large H
2
O solubility in dense silica and its implications for the interiors of water-rich planets
Authors: Nisr Carole , Chen Huawei , Leinenweber Kurt , Chizmeshya Andrew , Prakapenka Vitali B. , Prescher Clemens , Tkachev Sergey N. , Meng Yue , Liu Zhenxian , Shim Sang-Heon
Published: April 2020

Significance

Astrophysical observations have shown that Neptune-like planets are common in our galaxy (sub-Neptunes). Some of these exoplanets are believed to be covered with a thick

H

2

O layer (100 to 1,000 km in thickness) above the rocky mantle (“waterworlds”). In order to understand the inner workings of the water-rich planets, it is important to understand the state of matter incorporating ice- and rock-forming elements at high-pressure and high-temperature conditions. Here, we report experimental evidence that silica and water have significant mutual solubility at high pressure and high temperature, forming new phases containing substantial amounts of both H and Si in oxide forms. Therefore, the boundary between rock and ice layers may be “fuzzy” at the deep interiors of water-rich planets.
Differential timing of a conserved transcriptional network underlies divergent cortical projection routes across mammalian brain evolution
Authors: Paolino Annalisa , Fenlon Laura R. , Kozulin Peter , Haines Elizabeth , Lim Jonathan W. C. , Richards Linda J. , Suárez Rodrigo
Published: April 2020

Significance

The corpus callosum connects left and right cerebral cortices, integrating sensory-motor and associative functions, and is the largest connection in the human brain. While all mammals have a cerebral cortex, only eutherians evolved a corpus callosum. However, how this occurred remains largely unknown. We compared transcription factors that control subcerebral versus callosal neuron projection fates in eutherians and marsupials and found remarkably high similarity of their gene sequences and functions. However, expression of the callosal gene SATB2 was delayed in mice relative to dunnarts, and premature overexpression was sufficient for reversion to an ancestral-like brain phenotype. Our results suggest that transcriptional heterochrony might have influenced callosal evolution, and that complex traits can originate by differential deployment of existing regulatory genes.
A comparison of converse magnetoelectric coupling effect of YIG film on FE and AFE ceramic substrates
Authors: Liuyang Han , Freddy Ponchel , Denis Rémiens , Tuami Lasri , Nicolas Tiercelin , Genshui Wang , Philippe Pernod
Published: April 2020

The magnetoelectric properties of laminated heterostructures consisting of ferromagnetic yttrium iron garnet (YIG) films deposited on antiferroelectric (AFE) (Pb0.97La0.02)(Zr0.6Sn0.3Ti0.1)O3 (PLZST) and on ferroelectric
(FE) 0.75Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.25Pb(Zr0.48Ti0.52)O3 (PMN-PZT) ceramics are compared in this work. In particular, the Converse Magneto Electric (CME) coefficient is evaluated for these two types of structures. When the electric
field is applied on an AFE ceramic, the CME coefficient peaks at the switching field and, without bias magnetic field, the maximum value is 11.6 × 10−8 s/m. In case of a FE ceramic, at the electric coercive field, the CME coefficient can reach 17 × 10−8
s/m at 0 Oe. Each structure has advantages and disadvantages depending on the applications.
Ferroelectric based fractal phononic crystals: wave propagation and band structure
Authors: Palaz Selami , Ozer Zafer , Mamedov Amirullah M. , Ozbay Ekmel
Published: April 2020

In this study, the band structure and transmission in multiferroic based Sierpinski carpet phononic crystal are investigated based on finite element simulation. In order to obtain the band structure of the phononic crystal (PnC), the Floquet periodicity conditions were applied to the
sides of the unit cell. The square lattice PnC consists of various piezoelectric inclusion in a rubber matrix with square and circular cross section.
Elastic and optical properties of sillenites: First principle calculations
Authors: Koc Husnu , Palaz Selami , Simsek Sevket , Mamedov Amirullah M. , Ozbay Ekmel
Published: April 2020

In the present paper, we have investigated the electronic structure of some sillenites - Bi12MO20 (M = Ti, Ge, and Si) compounds based on the density functional theory. The mechanical and optical properties of Bi12MO20 have also
been computed. The second-order elastic constants have been calculated, and the other related quantities have also been estimated in the present work. The band gap trend in Bi12MO20 can be understood from the nature of their electronic structures. The obtained electronic
band structure for all Bi12MO20 compounds is semiconductor in nature. Similar to other oxides, there is a pronounced hybridization of electronic states between M-site cations and anions in Bi12MO20. Based on the obtained electronic structures, we further calculate the
frequency-dependent dielectric function and other optical functions.
Effect of pore former sucrose on microstructure and electrical properties of porous BZT-0.5BCT ceramics
Authors: Abhinay S. , Dixit P. , Mazumder R.
Published: April 2020

The present paper aims to study the effect of different pore forming agent on the density, porosity, pore morphology and electrical properties of porous BZT-0.5BCT ceramics. The electrical property evaluation is focused on dielectric constant, ferroelectric properties (P-E loop) and
piezoelectric constant (d33 and g33) of the porous BZT-0.5BCT ceramics. BZT-0.5BCT powder was prepared by solid-state route. The porous ceramic was prepared by mixing BZT-0.5BCT with different percentage (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 vol%) of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sucrose
as pore-forming agents (PFA). As a result, density, relative permittivity, remanent polarization and piezoelectric constant decreased linearly with increase in pore former addition. The pores derived from PVA and sucrose as pore former were spherical to irregular in shape. Isolated pores are
observed up to 30 vol% of PFA addition and pore interconnectivity is observed at 40 vol% of PVA and sucrose addition. The decrease in electrical properties is much higher in sucrose when compared with PVA as a pore former.
Wave propagation on a ferroelectric liquid crystal based acoustic metamaterial
Authors: Palaz Selami
Published: April 2020

In the present work, the acoustic band structure of a 2D phononic crystal (PnC) containing an organic ferroelectric (low molecular weight liquid crystal polimer in C-smectic phase - LMWLCS) and topological insulator (GeTe) were investigated by the finite element method and experimentally.
2D PnC with square lattices composed of GeTe cylindrical rods embedded in the LMWLCS matrix are studied to find the allowed and stop bands for the waves of certain energy. Phononic band diagram ω = ω(k) for a 2D PnC along the Г-X-M-Г path in the square Brillouin
zone shows few stop bands in the frequency range between 10–110 kHz.
Opioid Use Disorder and the COVID 19 Pandemic: A Call to Sustain Regulatory Easements and Further Expand Access to Treatment
Authors: Green Traci C. , Bratberg Jeffrey , Finnell Deborah S.
Published: April 2020

We highlight the critical roles that pharmacists have related to sustaining and advancing the changes being made in the face of the current COVID-19 pandemic to ensure that patients have more seamless and less complex access to treatment. Discussed herein is how the current COVID-19 pandemic is impacting persons with substance use disorders, barriers that persist, and the opportunities that arise as regulations around treatments for this population are eased.
Characterization of a novel shell matrix protein with vWA domain from Mytilus coruscus
Authors: Sun Qi , Jiang Yuting , Fan Meihua , Zhang Xiaolin , Xu Huanzhi , Liao Zhi
Published: April 2020

Mollusk shell is a product of biomineralization with excellent mechanical properties, and the shell matrix proteins (SMPs) have important functions in shell formation. A vWA domain-containing protein (VDCP) was identified from the shell of Mytilus coruscus as a novel shell matrix protein. The VDCP gene is expressed at a high level in specific locations in the mantle and adductor muscle. Recombinant VDCP (rVDCP) showed abilities to alter the morphology of both calcite and aragonite, induce the polymorph change of calcite, bind calcite, and decrease the crystallization rate of calcite. In addition, immunohistochemistry analyses revealed the specific location of VDCP in the mantle, the adductor muscle, and the myostracum layer of the shell. Furthermore, a pull-down analysis revealed eight protein interaction partners of VDCP in shell matrices and provided a possible protein–protein interaction network of VDCP in the shell.
MiR-711 and miR-183-3p as Potential Markers for Vital Reaction of Burned Skin
Authors: Zhang Kaikai , Cheng Ming , Xu Jingtao , Chen Lijian , Li Jiahao , Li Qiangguo , Xie Xiaoli , Wang Qi
Published: April 2020

In forensic practice, the identification of antemortem burns and postmortem burns is of the utmost importance. Reports from previous studies have shown that miRNAs, with lengths stretching over 18–25 nucleotides, are highly stable and resistant to degradation. However, there has been little research into the application of miRNAs in identifying antemortem and postmortem burns. This study compared the expression of miR-711 and miR-183-3p levels in mouse and postmortem human burned skins using RT-qPCR assay. RT-qPCR examination of burned mouse skins showed that increased miR-711 and miR-183-3p expression in comparison to intact skin tissues. The increased expressions of these two miRNAs were observed until 120 h after death in burned mouse skins, whereas no significant changes were found in postmortem burned skins. In human burned skins, the increased levels of these two miRNAs at 48 h following autopsy occurred in 19 of 26 subjects, which appeared to be related to the severity of the burn. These findings suggest that miR-711 and miR-183-3p may act as biomarkers for vital reaction of skin burn. Key PointsThis study investigated miR-711 and miR-183-3p levels in mouse and postmortem human burned skins using RT-qPCR.Increased miR-711 and miR-183-3p levels were observed in burned mouse skins.The increased expressions of these two miRNAs were observed until 120 h after death in burned mouse skin.The increased levels of these two miRNAs were observed until 48 h after autopsy in 19 of 26 forensic cases, which appeared to be related to the severity of the burn.
Ionic Angular Distributions Induced by Strong-Field Ionization of Tri-Atomic Molecules*
Authors: Sun Tian , Zhang Shi-Wen , Wang Rui , Feng Shuang , Liu Yang , Lv Hang , Xu Hai-Feng
Published: April 2020

Angular distributions of fragment ions from ionization of several tri-atomic molecules (CO
2, OCS, N
2
O and NO
2
) by strong 800-nm laser fields are investigated via a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Anisotropic angular distributions of fragment ions, especially those of atomic ions, are observed for all of the molecules studied. These anisotropic angular distributions are mainly due to the geometric alignment of molecules in the strong field ionization. Distinct different patterns in ionic angular distributions for different molecules are observed. It is indicated that both molecular geometric structure and ionization channels have effects on the angular distributions of strong field ionization/fragmentation.
Assessing the advantages of CFR-PEEK over titanium spinal stabilization implants in proton therapy—a phantom study
Authors: Poel R , Belosi F , Albertini F , Walser M , Gisep A , Lomax A J , Weber D C
Published: April 2020

High-density materials, such as titanium, used for spinal stabilization, introduces several critical issues in proton therapy (PT). Artefacts affect both contouring and dose calculation. Subsequently, artefacts need to be corrected which is a time-consuming process. Besides, titanium causes proton interactions that are unaccounted for in dose calculation. The result is a suboptimal treatment plan, and indeed decreased local controls have been reported for these patients. Carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFR-PEEK) implant material, which is of low density, potentially solves these issues. For this study, we designed a unique phantom to compare the effects of titanium and CFR-PEEK implants in PT. The phantom contains four interchangeable spinal inserts representing a native spine, and three different spinal stabilizations consisting of titanium only, CFR-PEEK only, and a combination of titanium and CFR-PEEK. All phantom scenarios received the standard treatment workup. Two planning approaches were investigated: a single field plan and a multi-field optimized plan with spinal cord sparing. For both plans we analyzed the following aspects: total volume of artefacts on CT images, time required for artefact correction, effect of planning CT correction on dose calculation, plan robustness to range and set up uncertainties, and finally the discrepancy between the calculated dose and the delivered dose with Gafchromic® film. The CFR-PEEK implant had a 90% reduction of artefacts on CT images and subsequently severely reduced the time for artefact correction with respect to the titanium-only implant. Furthermore, the CFR-PEEK as opposed to titanium did not influence the robustness of the plan. Finally, the titanium implants led to hardware-related discrepancies between the planned and the measured dose while the CFR-PEEK implant showed good agreement. As opposed to titanium, CFR-PEEK has none to minor effects on PT. The use of CFR-PEEK is expected to optimize treatment and possibly improve outcomes for patients that require spinal stabilization.
Encounter rates between bacteria and small sinking particles
Authors: Słomka Jonasz , Alcolombri Uria , Secchi Eleonora , Stocker Roman , Fernandez Vicente I
Published: April 2020

The ecological interaction between bacteria and sinking particles, such as bacterial degradation of marine snow particles, is regulated by their encounters. Current encounter models focus on the diffusive regime, valid for particles larger than the bacterial run length, yet the majority of marine snow particles are small, and the encounter process is then ballistic. Here, we analytically and numerically quantify the encounter rate between sinking particles and non-motile or motile micro-organisms in the ballistic regime, explicitly accounting for the hydrodynamic shear created by the particle and its coupling with micro-organism shape. We complement results with selected experiments on non-motile diatoms. The shape-shear coupling has a considerable effect on the encounter rate and encounter location through the mechanisms of hydrodynamic focusing and screening, whereby elongated micro-organisms preferentially orient normally to the particle surface downstream of the particle (focusing) and tangentially to the surface upstream of the particle (screening). Non-motile elongated micro-organisms are screened from sinking particles because shear aligns them tangentially to the particle surface, which reduces the encounter rate by a factor proportional to the square of the micro-organism aspect ratio. For motile elongated micro-organisms, hydrodynamic focusing increases the encounter rate when particle sinking speed is similar to micro-organism swimming speed, whereas for very quickly sinking particles hydrodynamic screening can reduce the encounter rate below that of non-motile micro-organisms. For natural ocean conditions, we connect the ballistic and diffusive limits and compute the encounter rate as a function of shape, motility and particle characteristics. Our results indicate that shear should be taken into account to predict the interactions between bacteria and sinking particles responsible for the large carbon flux in the ocean’s biological pump.
Synthetic Tracking Using ZTF Deep Drilling Data Sets
Authors: Zhai Chengxing , Ye Quanzhi , Shao Michael , Trahan Russell , Saini Navtej S. , Shen Janice , Prince Thomas A. , Bellm Eric C. , Graham Matthew J. , Helou George , Kulkarni Shrinivas R. , Kupfer Thomas , Laher Russ R. , Mahabal Ashish , Masci Frank J. , Rusholme Ben , Rosnet Philippe , Shupe David L.
Published: April 2020

The Zwicky Transit Facility (ZTF) is a powerful time domain survey telescope with a large field of view of 47

deg

2

. We apply the synthetic tracking technique to integrate a ZTF’s deep drilling data set, which consists of 133 nominal 30 s exposure frames spanning about 1.5 hr, to search for slowly moving asteroids down to approximately 23rd magnitude. We found 1168 objects from searching 40 of the 64 CCD-quadrant subfields, each of which covers a field size of about 0.73

deg

2

. While most of the objects are in the core region of the asteroid belt, there are asteroids belonging to families of Trojan, Hilda, Hungaria, Phocaea, and near-Earth-asteroids. Such an approach is effective and productive for discovering new asteroids. Here we report the data processing and results as well as discuss a potential deep drilling operation mode using this approach for survey facilities.
Review: mechanisms and consequences of chemical cross-talk in advanced Li-ion batteries
Authors: Harris Oliver C. , Lee Sophia E , Lees Cassandra , Tang Maureen
Published: April 2020

Electrode cross-talk in Li-ion batteries refers to side reactions in which soluble products are generated at one electrode and consumed or further reacted at the other electrode. While these reactions impact battery lifetime directly, they perhaps have even greater consequence for battery management systems and state-of-health prediction. In this work, we review the current literature on cross-talk mechanisms, classify various reactions as firmly detrimental or beneficial to cell lifetime, and identify future scientific challenges in the area.