bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Transformation Flower Approach for Leveraging Change Towards Multiple Value Creation and Institutional Change
Authors: Huntjens Patrick , Rinscheid Adrian , Kemp Rene , Van Helvoirt Bram , Aarts Noelle , Visseren-Hamakers Ingrid , van Veen Anne , Hassink Jan
Published: July 2023

The Transformation Flower Approach (TFA) introduced in this paper attends to multiple value creation and institutional change as a dual design challenge. By integrating social scientific theories and models relevant for transformative change (in particular focusing on pathways, leverage points, governance, power, and values) and practical insights from an ongoing societal transformation (concerning the Dutch food system), the TFA provides a holistic, transdisciplinary and practically relevant approach that aims to support new social contract formation. This distinguishes the TFA from other transformative change approaches. Based on the notion of pathways, the TFA offers a toolbox that aids in working towards desirable futures, involving both incumbents and challengers in an effort to harness untapped yet proximal potentials in a forward-looking way. By embracing an innovation approach, it not only promises to circumvent a substantial amount of resistance to change, but also serves as a step-by-step approach to identify options for multiple value creation and effective cooperation. We demonstrate the analytical and practical value of the TFA by discussing action perspectives at various levels and scales in the context of the Dutch food system transition, including (1) area-oriented approaches, (2) acceleration agendas for specific transformation pathways, and (3) actor-specific transformation flowers. In developing these, we emphasize the importance of interdependencies between leverage points. Our approach helps to identify opportunities to link transformative options (the what), actors (the who) and levers (the how) in dynamic interaction to embark on transformative pathways.
Un análisis métrico de la inversión en innovación y su efecto en el crecimiento y el desarrollo económico en México
Authors: Ramírez Lozano Irma Victoria , Vázquez Guzmán David
Published: July 2023

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar los efectos que tiene la inversión privada y pública de la innovación, investigación y desarrollo (I+D) en el crecimiento económico de México durante el periodo 1980 al 2019, ya que las teorías de crecimiento económico neoclásico y endógeno señalan que dichas inversiones mejoran los mecanismos de producción y de aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales y tecnológicos de un país. Por medio del método de Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios (MCO) de series de tiempo datos del ANUIES, INEGI y CONACyT se estimó un modelo econométrico que mide este impacto. Se encontró que bajo este análisis varios factores afectan positivamente el crecimiento económico, como lo es el incremento en patentes concedidas en México por una persona con nacionalidad extranjera, el gasto público en investigación y desarrollo, las becas otorgadas por CONACyT para posgrado y los artículos publicados por científicos mexicanos.
THE POSITION OF BRIDGE BANKS AS INSTRUMENTS FOR RESOLING BANK FAILURES IN INDONESIA
Authors: Hasan Zulfikar , Kamiluddin
Published: July 2023

We analysed the capacity for banks to fail in Indonesia. A “failed bank” can be decoded as a bank facing financial difficulties and possibility of collapse. It is no longer feasible for the LPP (Banking Supervisory Agency) to address bank failures under its current authority. In Indonesia, bank failures are managed by the Deposit Insurance Corporation (IDIC), helped by rules from Bank Indonesia and the Financial Services Authority (OJK). Under Article 5 of Law no. 24 of 2004 regarding the Deposit Insurance Corporation, one of the jobs of IDIC is to develop, specify and enforce a procedure for the liquidation of failing banks that do not have a systemic effect and address failing banks that do have a systemic effect. The definition of systemic effect is when a bank’s failure will have an extraordinary impact on the availability of funds and the smoothness and sustainability of the economy. While a non-systemic effect is bank’s failure that does not meet the standards noted above. The implication of our research is to provide an understanding that assistance for failing banks in Indonesia is taken over by the IDIC which will form an entity called a bridge bank.
PERAN GURU DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MELALUI METODE DISKUSI PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPS TERPADU DI KELAS VIII MTS NEGERI 3 PONOROGO
Authors: Afiani Astin Nur , Mukhibat Mukhibat
Published: July 2023

Pendidikan pada abad ke-21 menuntut siswa untuk memahami berbagai permasalahan baru yang ada di dunia nyata. Hasil pendidikan yang diharapkan meliputi pola kompetensi dan inteligensi yang dibutuhkan untuk berkiprah pada abad ke-21. Pendidikan bukan hanya menyiapkan masa depan, tetapi bagaimana menciptakan masa depan. Pendidikan harus membantu perkembangan terciptanya individu yang kritis dengan tingkat kreativitas yang sangat tinggi. Guru harus bisa memberikan sebuah metode pembelajaran yang dapat memacu semangat siswa untuk aktif terlibat dalam pembelajaran. Sehingga dari kegiatan tersebut dapat berimbas pada meningkatnya hasil belajar siswa. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data ditemukan bahwa; (1) penerapan metode diskusi yang diterapkan di MTs Negeri 3 Ponorogo mengacu pada model pembelajaran berbasis masalah atau PBL yang secara umum langkahlangkahnya meliputi (a) orientasi siswa pada masalah (b) mengorganisasikan siswa kedalam kelompok-kelompok belajar (c) membimbing pengalaman individual atau kelompok (d) mengembangkan dan menyajikan hasil karya (d) menganalisis dan mengevaluasi. (2) Dan adapun hasil dari peran guru dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa di MTs Negeri 3 Ponorogo yaitu (a) Hasil belajar kognitif atau pengetahuan siswa yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai terus meningkat. (b) hasil belajar afektif yaitu terdapat perubahan terhadap sikap siswa yang mendorong untuk bersikap toleransi sosial yang tercermin dalam kelompok untuk saling membantu dan bekerjasama dalam menyelesaikan tugas, tumbuh saling menghargai pendapat orang lain. (c) hasil belajar psikomotor siswa begitu aktif dan antusias dalam pembelajaran baik ketika bertanya, menjawab ataupun menanggapi hasil presentasi dari kelompok lain. (3) Faktor penghambat dan pendorong dalam penerapan metode diskusi yaitu ada faktor internal dan eksternal yang berasal dari dalam diri siswa maupun guru baik berasal dari lingkungan belajar siswa, semangat dan motivasi siswa, sumber belajar dan pengetahuan guru.
PENGARUH VIDEO YOUTUBE MATERI MASA REFORMASI (1998-SEKARANG) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPS TERPADU
Authors: Musfiroh Lailatul , Dwi Arisona Risma
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi penggunaan media pembelajaran yang kurang cocok diterapkan pada pembelajaran IPS Terpadu kelas IX materi Masa Reformasi (1998-Sekarang) sehingga hasil belajar siswa rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh media pembelajaran video youtube materi Masa Reformasi (1998-Sekarang) terhadap hasil belajar IPS Terpadu siswa kelas IX MTS Negeri 3 Ponorogo. Pendekatan penelitian yaitu kuantitatif jenis  quasi experiment desain penelitian nonequivalent control group design. Perlakuannya penerapan media pembelajaran video youtube materi Masa Reformasi (1998-Sekarang) pada kelas eksperimen dan penerapan media pembelajaran LKS pada kelas kontrol. Populasi penelitian seluruh siswa kelas IX MTS Negeri 3 Ponorogo dan sampelnya siswa kelas IX A dan IX B. Instrumen tes hasil belajar soal berjumlah 25. Pengumpulan data menggunakan tes, dokumentasi, dan observasi. Perhitungan data gain score dianalisis dengan Uji Independent Sample T-Test. Bedasarkan analisis data hasil media pembelajaran video youtube materi Masa Reformasi (1998-Sekarang) berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap hasil belajar IPS Terpadu siswa kelas IX MTS Negeri 3 Ponorogo melihat rata- rata nilai gain score kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi daripada kelas kontrol. Uji Independent Sample T-Test memperoleh nilai Sig. 2 tailed sebesar 0,000 < 0,05 yang berarti berpengaruh. Uji R Square menunjukkan pengaruhnya sebesar 53,8%.
PELAKSANAAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER MELALUI 5S (SENYUM, SAPA, SALAM, SOPAN DAN SANTUN) DALAM MENGOPTIMALKAN KULTUR ISLAMI
Authors: Safitri Diah , Rahman Hakim Arif
Published: July 2023

Pendidikan di era modern perlu digalakkan oleh pihak sekolah. Pendidikan karakter menjadi sebuah hal yang penting ditanamkan kepada anak, dimana anak bukan hanya mahir dan pintar saja dalam bidang akademisnya namun, juga harus memiliki karakter yang baik. Pendidikan karakter dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara, salah satunya dengan budaya 5S. Budaya sekolah 5S dilakukan SMPN 1 Sambit sudah sejak lama dan menjadi kebudayaan sekolah, meskipun SMPN 1 Sambit adalah sekolah negeri yang tidak berbasis Islam, namun budaya Islam ingin terus dioptimalkan. Selain itu, berakhlak atau berbudi pekerti luhur dalam visi misi sekolah menjadi sesuatu hal yang ingin dicapai melalui 5S, demi mencetak generasi yang berkarakter.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan (1) penanaman Pendidikan karakter melalui 5S dalam mengoptimalkan kultur islami di SMPN 1 Sambit Ponorogo; (2) faktor pendorong dan penghambat penanaman Pendidikan karakter melalui 5S dalam mengoptimalkan kultur islami di SMPN 1 Sambit Ponorogo; dan (3) hasil pelaksanaan Pendidikan karakter melalui 5S dalam mengoptimalkan kultur islami di SMPN 1 Sambit Ponorogo.

Adapun penelitian ini dirancang menggunakan metode kualitatif, menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui wawancara terstruktur, observasi dan dokumentasi. Narasumber berasal dari Kepala Sekolah, Guru Pamong IPS, Guru PAI dan siswa di SMPN 1 Sambit Ponorogo. Data hasil penelitian kemudian dianalisis menggunakan model analisa Miles, Huberman dan Saldana meliputi pengumpulan data, kondensasi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan.

Berdasarkan hasil analisis data ditemukan bahwa (1) penanaman pendidikan karakter melalui 5S dalam mengoptimalkan kultur islami di SMPN 1 Sambit Ponorogo dilaksanakan dengan baik. Adapun cara penanaman melalui keteladanan guru, monitoring (pengawasan), kerjasama dengan orang tua dan melalui kegiatan ekstrakurikuler. (2) Faktor pendorong penanaman Pendidikan karakter melalui 5S adalah keinginan sekolah membentuk karakter anak melalui kebijakan 5S, peraturan ketat budaya 5S dan dorongan dari pihak orang tua untuk menginternalisasikan budaya 5S di lingkungan keluarga. Sedangkan Faktor penghambat pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter melalui 5S adalah tidak semua guru berperan menanamkan budaya 5S, penggunaan Bahasa Jawa oleh siswa ada yang kurang benar, pergaulan siswa di luar sekolah yang kurang baik dan tidak semua orang tua berperan dalam menanamkan budaya 5S di lingkungan keluarga. (3) Hasil pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter melalui 5S dalam mengoptimalkan kultur islami di SMPN 1 Sambit adalah budaya Islam semakin optimal dengan 5S. Selain membangun ukhuwah Islamiyah, 5S juga membentuk perilaku yang baik. Adapaun karakter yang muncul dari pelaksanaan budaya 5S adalah karakter kepedulian sosial, komunikatif, religius dan disiplin. Nilai-nilai luhur tersebut diinternalisasikan melalui budaya 5S yang diterapkan dengan baik oleh sekolah.
Exploring the impact of intensified multiple session tDCS over the left DLPFC on brain function
Authors: Šimko Patrik , Pupíková Monika , Gajdoš Martin , Klobušiaková Patrícia , Vávra Václav , Šimo Adam , Rektorová Irena
Published: July 2023

Multimodal interventions combining transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with cognitive training have shown promise in producing lasting cognitive improvements among healthy aging individuals and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In this 5-day double-blind randomized trial, we investigated the effects of intensified tDCS protocol involving two trains of stimulation per day on working memory (WM) enhancement in 35 MCI patients. Specifically, we focused on the top-down attentional control aspect of WM and hypothesized that intensified tDCS would enhance performance on a visual object matching task (VOMT) immediately after the stimulation regimen and at a 1-month follow-up. Additionally, we explored whether the stimulation would augment online visual working memory (VWM) training. We also aimed to elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying these effects by analyzing fMRI activations during VOMT. Our findings suggest that intensified tDCS holds potential for enhancing WM in individuals with MCI, particularly in tasks involving top-down attentional control, as indicated by behavioral and neural observations. While the current study demonstrated support for an online and immediate impact of intensified tDCS, there were no long-lasting effects. Furthermore, the observed neural activations in the right insula may indicate that intensified tDCS induced immediate alterations in brain plasticity in MCI patients.
Spatiotemporal variation of main meterological elements in agricultural region: A case study
Authors: Li Li , Lu Xiaoning , Wu Jun
Published: July 2023

Despite the fact that evaporation is a key element of water and energy cycle, little attention has been paid to it. Thus, discovering the spatial and temporal variations of meteorological elements in Linyi Agricultural City of Shandong Province in the past 50 years is crucial. This study discussed evaporation, precipitation, and temperature. Linear regression analysis, empirical orthogonal decomposition function, and Morlet wavelet function were used to reveal the trend, temporal and spatial modes, and multi-time scale characteristics, providing a theoretical reference basis for the efficient use of climate resources for the future development of regional agriculture. Results showed that the precipitation (2.09 mm/a) and temperature (0.04 °C/a) in Linyi had a synchronous growth trend; conversely, the evaporation (−6.47 mm/a) showed a decreasing trend of “evaporation paradox” due to the significant decrease of evaporation energy. Under the development trend of global warming and high water-consuming agriculture, improving regional water use efficiency is a key point. In terms of spatial distribution, precipitation was dominated by the first mode, which showed little in the early stage while more in the later stage, supplemented by the second mode with an inverse phase change in the southeast–northwest direction. A large inter-annual fluctuations was only found in Yinan County. The temperature showed a pattern of warming change with outstanding homogeneity. The evaporation exhibited an obvious heterogeneity, which was dominated by two main modes with a great difference between Junan County and other regions in Linyi city. Therefore, local regional climate changes in Yinan and Junan should be given attention. All three meteorological elements had inter-annual and interdecadal variations in the short term (5 a), medium term (16 a), and long term (25 a), dominated by precipitation (16 a), mean annual temperature (24 a), and annual evapotranspiration (31 a). In the short-term future, the regional precipitation and temperature in Linyi would experience decreasing changes above the multi-year average, and evaporation would show increasing changes above the multi-year average. Given the changing trends of precipitation, temperature, and evaporation, urgent requirements for regional development of efficient water-saving irrigation and promotion of digital agriculture should be proposed.
Discovery of the extended distribution of Sabellaria reef to the Turkish Coast- the first report from the Black Sea
Authors: ÖZAYDINLI MURAT , Sağlam Cemil , Özgül Aytaç , Gül Mustafa Remzi
Published: July 2023

Reef building polychaetes are important ecosystem engineers by providing important biotic and abiotic ecosystem services, which makes them extremely important for soft bottom habitat health. Reefs built by Sabellarid polychaetes support costal biodiversity and abundance by providing shelter and nursery habitat for many different species including invertebrates and fish. Thus, it is important to understand their distribution range and pattern. Here, we report the extended distribution of Sabellaria reef from the Black Sea coast of Türkiye for the first time. According to morphological and molecular identifications, the species was identified as Sabellaria spinulosa (Leuckart, 1849) that form large reefs on coastal water of Europe. Sabellaria colonies that found at 4 stations in Ordu Province were examined according to 3 morphological characteristics based on scoring protocol for the ‘reefiness’. The two stations were classified as reefs as they meet the protocol criteria. Although the other two stations meet some criteria in terms of elevation and area, they were evaluated only as ‘potential reef areas’ due that they did not meet the patchiness criterion. Additionally, the results of the tube diameter and number of tubes were consistent with the findings from the reefs in the Mediterranean. The findings of this study add to our knowledge of Sabellaria reefs' wider geographic range and their potential adaptation to low salinity in the Black Sea. The existence of this new habitat is not only contribution to the biodiversity, but is also a potential candidate for the establishment of a marine protected area on the Black Sea coast of Türkiye.
Potentially inappropriate medication of community dwelling older patients in a geriatric day clinic using the START/STOPP criteria – a different way of application
Authors: Schubert Maximilian , Gosch Markus , Qureshi Sarah , Habboub Basel , Singler Katrin
Published: July 2023

Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate quality of drug prescribing during the stay in a geriatric day clinic using the START / STOPP version 2 criteria (START stands for Screen Tool to Alert doctors to Right Treatment, and STOPP stands for Screening Tool for Older Persons’ potentially inappropriatePrescriptions).
Methods: The retrospective longitudinal study included 193 patients with the diagnoses pain and/or dementia and/or depression; assessment was conducted on admission and before discharge using a modified application of the START criteria focusing on actual implementation of START criteria. In parallel, STOPP criteria were specified with the help of information from patient information leaflets (PILs) and a German online pharma index.
Results: Due to the administration of vitamin D and calcium, and increasing analgesic and antidepressant therapy, a highly significant mean increase (T=-6,57; p<.001) of 0.65 fulfilled START criteria per patient was observed during the treatment period. Regarding the fulfilment of STOPP criteria, the comparison of mean values shows a slight increase of 0.02 criteria per patient, which, however, is not significant (T=-.16; p=.875). Although a decrease of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) could be achieved, no significant change was observed with regard to the STOPP criteria. The prevalence of PIM decreased from 82.9% on admission to 81.4% at discharge, whereas polypharmacy increased from 85.5% to 90.7%. The average number of diagnoses rose from 13.0 to 14.0 (T=-.16; p=.875). Both number of diagnoses and medications had a highly significant positive pearson correlation with implemented or fulfilled START /STOPP Criteria. This became particularly evident with the diagnoses of pain and depression.
The increased quality of medicinal treatment is evident by (i) the high values of implemented STARTs, (ii) constant STOPPs with increasing medication during the treatment, and (iii) absolute growth in indicated STOPPs with a reduction in non-indicated medication.
Conclusion: The quality of drug prescription is improved through utilizing START/STOPP criteria making them appropriate for optimizing pharmacotherapy; however, these criteria should be critically examined in the future with the help of the modified START methodology.
Buckling and dynamic analysis of drill string system in horizontal wells
Authors: Wu Zebing , Zhang Wenxi , Yuan Ruofei , Liu Jiale
Published: July 2023

Compared with vertical wells and deviated vertical wells, the dynamic characteristics of the drill string in horizontal wells are more complicated and more prone to failure because of the drag-pressure effect under gravity. Most researchers only consider the movement of some drill strings at a certain depth and do not analyze the rotary drilling process of the whole drill string. When most researchers do drill string simulation research, the drill string system diameter of the simulation model is consistent, and the actual drill string assembly is not considered. Based on the finite element method and the dynamic equation of the drill string, the buckling and dynamic behavior of the drill string in the borehole is investigated, and the drilling simulation model of the drill string system in a horizontal well is established by considering the factors of curved hole trajectory and nonlinear impact contact between the drill string and wellbore. The buckling and dynamic characteristics of the drill string in horizontal wells are analyzed by simulating the whole drilling process, the effect of rotating speed and hook load on the buckling characteristics of the drill string, and the effect of hook load on the whole dynamic characteristics of drill string system are analyzed. The results show that in the drilling process, the buckling deformation of the drill string near the wellhead presents a trend of"Sinusoidal buckling-helical buckling-sinusoidal buckling," the "sinusoidal buckling-helical buckling "appears near the oblique section. When the hook load applied at the end of the drill string is greater than the critical value, the drill string will get stuck during drilling. When it is less than the critical value, the greater the value of the hook load, the more stable the axial feed and lateral vibration of the drill string, and the smaller the contact force between the drill string and the wellbore. With the increase in rotating speed, the vibration period of the drill string decreases, and the amplitude of the vibration increases. With the increase of drill string drilling depth, the buckling deformation of the drill string can be reduced by reducing the value of the hook load. The conclusion is that the research results can be helpful for drill string design and structural optimization.
MALDI TOF Mass Spectrometry and Molecular detection of Mannheimia haemolytica from sheep and goats in Holeta and Sebeta Town, Oromia Special Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Umer Abdi Ahmed , Bulto Abebe Olani , Bekele Debebe Ashenafi , Mohammed Abde Aliy
Published: July 2023

Background:Mannhemia haemolytica is one of the most important bacteria among causative agent of pneumonic pasteurellosis in small ruminants throughout worldwide and it is also economically devastating pathogen in Ethiopia.
Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out from November 2021 to May 2022 with the aim to identify Mannheimia haemolytica from sheep and goat in Sebeta and Holeta town, Oromia special zone, Ethiopia. A total of 235 samples (213 nasal swabs and 22 whole blood) were collected. Sheep and goat with clinical signs suggestive of pneumonic pasteurollosis were purposively sampling. Bacterial identification was conducted using biochemical, Biolog, Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) and Real time PCR detection. Moreover, antimicrobials susceptibility test was also conducted on the identified bacterial isolates using disc diffusion method.
Results: The result showed that from a total of 235 samples, only two nasal swab samples were positive for M. haemolytica (0.85%). The two isolates were confirmed by all the tests and similar result was obtained by; biochemical, Biolog, MALDI TOF MS and real time PCR. Up on antimicrobial susceptibility testing, the two isolates were resistant to Streptomycin, Erythromycin and Clindamycin whereas they were susceptible to Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol, Trimethoprim/sulfonamides and Penicillin. Generally, this study revealed that M. haemolytica is among the causative agent of pneumonic pasteurellosis in sheep and goat in the study area. Although, the other remaining bacteria responsible for the disease.
Conclusion: The research suggests that a combination of diagnostic methods such as MALDI TOF MS, Biolog, and real-time PCR should be used, as well as for a more in-depth investigation to identify the strain or serotype of M. haemolytica using advanced molecular sequencing and also analysis of the remaining causal agent from various species and locations in countries are significant to address the present vaccination and antibiotic resistance issues.
Association between Sleep Quality and Interactive Health Literacy among Chinese College Students: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Zhang Xiaoping , Zhang Chaowei , Ren Zhongyu , Chen Zhenqi , Bai Cuijin
Published: July 2023

Background
Increasing studies have shown that the improvement of interactive health literacy (IHL) can develop healthy behaviors. Although healthy behaviors could contribute to good sleep quality, few studies explored the association between IHL and sleep quality. This study aimed to examine the relationship between IHL and sleep quality among Chinese college students.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 12007 college students aged 15–26 years. IHL was evaluated using Chinese Adolescent Interactive Health Literacy Questionnaire, and sleep quality was reported by a self-reported question. Multivariate logistic regressions analysis were conducted to examine the association between IHL and sleep quality.
Results
The prevalence rates of good sleep quality among college students was 77.6%. After adjusting for potential confounders, multivariate logistic regressions analysis revealed a significant inverse association between HL and risk of good sleep quality. The OR (95%CI) of good sleep quality among different IHL level were 1.00 (reference) for low level, 1.628 (1.467, 1.807) for middle level and 2.756 (2.442, 3.111) for high level. Similarly, the significant associations were also found when gender were separately analyzed.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that improving IHL may contribute to maintaining good sleep quality. Further intervention research is needed to explore the causal relationship between IHL and the sleep quality among Chinese population. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the health education of Chinese college students to develop their health-promoting behaviors.
Computational dissection of genetic variation modulating the response of multiple photosynthetic phenotypes to the light environment
Authors: Gong Huiying , Zhou Ziyang , Bu Chenhao , Zhang Deqiang , Fang Qing , Zhang Xiao-Yu , Song Yuepeng
Published: July 2023

Background
The expression of biological traits is modulated by genetics as well as the environment, and the level of influence exerted by the latter may vary across characteristics. Photosynthetic traits in plants are complex quantitative traits that are regulated by both endogenous genetic factors and external environmental factors such as light intensity and CO2 concentration. The specific processes impacted occur dynamically and continuously as the growth of plants changes. Although studies have been conducted to explore the genetic regulatory mechanisms of individual photosynthetic traits or to evaluate the effects of certain environmental variables on photosynthetic traits, the systematic impact of environmental variables on the dynamic process of integrated plant growth and development has not been fully elucidated.
Results
In this paper, we proposed a research framework to investigate the genetic mechanism of high-dimensional complex photosynthetic traits in response to the light environment at the genome level. We established a set of high-dimensional equations incorporating environmental regulators to integrate functional mapping and dynamic screening of gene‒environment complex systems to elucidate the process and pattern of intrinsic genetic regulatory mechanisms of three types of photosynthetic phenotypes of Populus simonii that varied with light intensity. Furthermore, a network structure was established to elucidate the crosstalk among significant QTLs that regulate photosynthetic phenotypic systems. Additionally, the detection of key QTLs governing the response of multiple phenotypes to the light environment, coupled with the intrinsic differences in genotype expression, provides valuable insights into the regulatory mechanisms that drive the transition of photosynthetic activity and photoprotection in the face of varying light intensity gradients.
Conclusions
This paper offers a comprehensive approach to unraveling the genetic architecture of multidimensional variations in photosynthetic phenotypes, considering the combined impact of integrated environmental factors from multiple perspectives.
Adulterants Present in the San Diego County Fentanyl Supply: A Laboratory Analysis of Seized Law Enforcement Samples
Authors: Galust Henrik , Seltzer Justin A , Hardin Jeremy R , Friedman Nathan A , Salamat Jeff , Clark Richard F , Harmon Jennifer
Published: July 2023

Background
The opioid epidemic is one of the worst public health crises ever to face the US and emerging evidence suggest its effects are compounded by the presence of drug adulterants. Here we report our efforts to characterize the adulterants present within the local fentanyl supply of San Diego County, obtained from undifferentiated drug samples seized by local law enforcement over the calendar year 2021.
Methods
Thirty two participating local law enforcement agencies across San Diego submitted 4838 unknown individual illicit drug samples (total of 312 kg) to the San Diego County Sheriff’s Department Regional Crime Laboratory for identification.
Results
Qualitative analysis of these samples via FTIR and GC-MS identified methamphetamine (38.7%), fentanyl (20.8%), diacetylmorphine (heroin) (10.2%), codeine (5.8%) and alprazolam (4.3%) as the most common illicit substances and the presence of 52 unique adulterants. The most common adulterants included 4-methylaminoantipyrine (4-MAAP) (10.9%), mannitol (9%), acetaminophen (8.5%), methamphetamine (4.2%), diacetylmorphine (heroin) (3.6%), tramadol (1.9%), and xylazine (1.7%). Several additional pharmacologically active adulterants and contaminants of interest were also identified.
Conclusion
This analysis is vital for public health use and harm reduction efforts at the level of the individual consumer. Continued direct surveillance of the drug supply is necessary for the detection of potentially harmful adulterants that may pose serious threats to the public.
Role of NT-proBNP and lung ultrasound in diagnosing and classifying heart failure in a hospitalized oldest-old population: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Landolfo Matteo , Spannella Francesco , Giulietti Federico , Pentima Chiara Di , Giordano Piero , Borioni Elisabetta , Landi Laura , Galeazzi Roberta , Sarzani Riccardo
Published: July 2023

Aim: Diagnosing and classifying heart failure (HF) in the oldest-old patients has technical and interpretation issues, especially in the acute setting. We assessed the usefulness of the N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and lung ultrasound (LUS) for confirming HF diagnosis and discriminating patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in the acute setting.
Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study on 148 consecutive patients aged ≥ 80 admitted with manifestations compatible with HF according to the Framingham HF criteria and NT-proBNP at least ≥125 pg/mL at our Internal Medicine and Geriatrics Unit (IRCCS INRCA Institute, Ancona, Italy). We collected clinical, pharmacological and laboratory data at admission. We dosed serum NT-proBNP and performed LUS and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) before diuretic therapy. We divided our cohort into HFrEF and non-HFrEF according to left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) ≤ 40% and ≥ 40%, respectively.
Results: Mean age was 88 ± 5 years. Male prevalence was 42%. NT-proBNP and the total number of B lines correlated with positive Framingham HF criteria. 19% had an EF < 40%. There were no differences between the two groups regarding clinical features, LUS findings, and laboratory, except for the NT-proBNP levels, which were higher in the HFrEF group. Overall, NT-proBNP showed an inverse correlation with EF (r = - 0.22, p = 0.007) and a direct correlation with age, total pulmonary B-lines, and intercostal spaces of pleural effusion. According to the ROCs, NT-proBNP levels, pulmonary B-lines and pleuric effusion extension were poorly predictive for HFrEF. The best-performing cut-offs were 9531 pg/mL (SP 0.70, SE 0.50) for NT-proBNP, 13 for total B-lines (SP 0.69, SE 0.85) and one intercostal space for pleural effusion (SP 0.55, SE 0.89). Patients with admission NT-proBNP ≥9531 pg/mL had a 2-fold higher risk for HFrEF (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.2-6.2), while we did not find any association for total B-lines ≥ 13 or pleural effusion ≥ 1 intercostal space and HFrEF. A significant association with HFrEF emerged for the combination of NT-proBNP ≥9531 pg/mL, total B-lines ≥13 and intercostal spaces of pleural effusion ≥1 (OR 5.3, 95% CI 1.7-17), even after adjustment for age, sex and eGFR (adjusted OR 5.4, 95% CI 1.6-16).
Conclusions: Our study suggests that in older patients and acute settings, NT-proBNP levels, especially if combined with LUS, could be considered for confirming the HF diagnosis and identifying those at risk of HFrEF.
The Causal Association of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with frailty: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Wang Dan Dan , Guo Dong , Yu Ya Ting
Published: July 2023

Objective: Our objective was to investigate this hypothesis through the utilization of a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
Methods: We used summary genome-wide association statistics for frailty index (FI, N = 175,226) and IBS (cases:53400; controls:433201) in participants of European ancestry. The primary analysis employed the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. To ensure the reliability of our findings, we conducted additional analyses using the MR egger regression, weighted median method, simple mode and weighted mode. Furthermore, we conducted a reverse MR analysis to assess the potential for reverse causation.
Results: Genetically predicted frailty was associated with an increased risk of IBS (MR: β = 1.577674; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1839043 to 2.102412; p = 0.001855951). Genetically predicted IBS showed a suggestive association with the FI (MR: β = 1.1364404; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0959682 to 1.178407; p = 4.743718e-12.), with the horizontal pleiotropy results is 0.04568194. There is no convincing evidence for reverse causation.
Conclusion: The present MR study supported frailty as a causal risk factor of IBS. Further research is warranted to investigate whether IBS has a causal role in frailty.
Fast Valence Quarks of Short Range Correlated Nucleons in Proton Rich Nucleus
Authors: Wang Taofeng
Published: July 2023

Electron deep inelastic scattering reaction was used to probe the nucleon quark momentum distributions which are featured by the variation of nucleon structure functions between deuterium and heavier nuclei expressed by ∆F2(x) = Fd 2 (x)/2 − FA2 (x)/A under the conditions of Bjorken 0.3 < x < 0.7, Q2 > 1.0 GeV2 and invariant mass W > 1.7 GeV. The negative ∆F2(x) for proton rich nucleus indicate that the average momentum of the valence quark in short range correlated (SRC) nucleons in proton excess nucleus is higher than that in the free nucleons, while ∆F2(x) for the neutron rich and neutron-proton symmetry nucleus were positive under the same conditions. It was concluded that valence quarks take on the relatively faster dynamic motion in the SRC nucleons in the Z > N nuclei
Correlation between ovarian follicular development and Hippo pathway in polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Huang Zichao , Xu Tianyue , Wu Honghui , Weng Linglin , Cai Jieyu , Ge Hongshan , Liang Na
Published: July 2023

Background
For women of childbearing age, the biggest problem caused by PCOS is infertility, which is mainly caused by anovulation, abnormal follicular development, proliferation of small antral follicles and the appearance of cystic follicles. The mechanism of its occurrence is not clear. The abnormal proliferation and development of follicles in PCOS patients is a complex process, which is affected by many factors. Previous studies have shown that the switch of Hippo pathway can be regulated by cell volume and cell density.
Result
We found that compared with the control group, the number of small follicles in DHEA group increased, the expression of ovarian reserve function protein AMH increased, the expression of cell proliferation index protein PCNA decreased, and the expression of related proteins in the upstream and downstream of Hippo pathway increased. After administration of VP, the expression of AMH, an indicator of ovarian reserve function, and the expression of related proteins in the upstream and downstream of Hippo pathway decreased.
Conclusion
This study shows that the increase of the number of small follicles in the ovary, the changes of ovarian reserve function and cell proliferation may be closely related to the switch of Hippo pathway, suggesting that the occurrence of PCOS may be closely related to Hippo pathway, and Hippo pathway may be an important pathway affecting the proliferation and development of PCOS follicles.
Study on stress-permeability change of soft coal seam under hydraulic unloading of overlying key strata: numerical simulation and theory
Authors: Li Feng , Wang Bo , Liu Hanwu , Yan Zhengxu , Ren Baorui
Published: July 2023

Based on the geological conditions of low permeability, high gas pressure, high gas content, and high ground stress in soft coal seams, the hydraulic fracturing technology of key strata in overlying strata was proposed. This research mainly focuses on the 8003 excavation working face of a mine in Shanxi as the engineering background, the main and inferior key strata of the overlying strata were determined according to the key strata theory, the hydraulic fracture initiation pressure is measured to be 16MPa, and the influence range is about 15m. `This research established a coal seam permeability model under impacts of effective stress and pore pressure by using simulation software such as FLAC3D to simulate the changes in stress and energy of coal seams before and after fracturing in key strata. Based on results of changes in coal seam permeability and extraction radius, as well as the data of engineering test results, this research also found that fracturing in key strata can cut off the stress transmission path of overlying strata, and thus effectively improving coal seam permeability. The fracturing of the overlying key strata has the effect of unloading and dissipating energy on the coal seam. The stress value and energy values along the inclination and strike of the excavation working face have a varying degree of decreasing trend. With decreasing original stress concentration area of the coal seam, both the stress value and energy values of the deep coal seam are increased. The energy and stress distribution characteristics of the coal seam before and after unloading are basically consistent. After hydraulic fracturing of the key layer, the average gas concentration in the return air flow of the excavation working face decreased from 0.65–0.51%, and the number of coal burst decreased by 95%.
A simple scoring system for predicting the risk of delayed hyponatremia after endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas.
Authors: Mo changhong , Liu Yi , Guo Wei
Published: July 2023

Purpose To identify high-risk patients for delayed postoperative hyponatremia (DPH) early, we constructed a simple and effective scoring system.Methods We retrospectively analyzed 141 consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) from January 2019 to December 2022. Patients were divided into DPH group and non-DPH (NDPH) group based on whether hyponatremia occurred after the third postoperative day. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the predictive factors of DPH, and a simple scoring system was constructed based on these predictors.Results Among 141 patients, 36 (25.5%) developed DPH. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥ 48 years (OR, 3.77; 95%CI, 1.17–12.19; P = 0.027), Knosp grade ≥ 3 (OR, 5.23; 95%CI, 1.23–22.25; P = 0.025), low blood potassium on the first or second day after surgery (OR, 3.15; 95%CI, 106 − 9.35; P = 0.038), a difference in blood sodium levels between the first and second day after surgery ≥ 1 mEq/L (OR, 3.64; 95%CI, 1.04–12.71; P = 0.043), and postoperative diabetes insipidus (OR, 3.62; 95%CI, 1.21–10.83; P = 0.021) were independent predictors of DPH.Conclusion This scoring system for predicting DPH has an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.856 (95%CI, 0.787–0.925), indicating moderate to good predictive value for DPH in our cohort, but further prospective external validation is needed.
Nonstationarity in the global terrestrial water cycle and its interlinkages in the Anthropocene
Authors: Nie Wanshu , kumar Sujay , Getirana Augusto , Zhao Long , Wrzesien Melissa , Konapala Goutam , Ahmad Shahryar , Locke Kim , Holmes Thomas , Rodell Matthew , Loomis Bryant
Published: July 2023

Warming climate and anthropogenic disturbances alter the global freshwater cycle, causing changes and fluctuations beyond what can be attributed to natural variability alone. A comprehensive understanding of nonstationarity in water cycle components, where trends and fluctuations deviate from the assumption of a stable statistical pattern, remains elusive. Using a remote sensing-informed terrestrial reanalysis, we provide an assessment of nonstationarity in global water cycle components and their interconnections from 2003 to 2020 in terms of trends, seasonal shifts, and changes in extremes. We show that one-third of the global land exhibits strong nonstationarity in terrestrial water storage, with long-term trends contributing the most (47.3%), followed by seasonal shifts (36.2%) and changes in extremes (16.5%). The spatial pattern of nonstationarity in other water cycle variables confirm the intricate interplay of climate variations and human management processes. Our results provide a global quantification of the pervasiveness of nonstationarity in the terrestrial water cycle and highlight the need for adaptive strategies and management approaches to navigate the challenges posed by nonstationary conditions.
Marker-Assisted Gene Pyramiding for Powdery Mildew Resistance in Thai Mungbean Variety SUT1 by Backcross Breeding
Authors: Papan Pitchakon , Chueakhunthod Witsarut , Khairum Apinya , Siwapitakpong Ketwalee , Chaiyapan Chadapon , Inthaisong Sukanya , Jinagool Wanploy , Tharapreuksapong Akkawat , Masari Arada , Kaewkasi Chanwit , Ngampongsai Sumana , Girdthai Teerayoot , Tantasawat Piyada Alisha
Published: July 2023

In Thailand, all Thai cultivated varieties of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] preferentially grown by farmers are susceptible to powdery mildew (PM) disease. Marker-assisted gene pyramiding (MAGP) for improving resistant varieties is sustainable strategy to overcome its outbreak in mungbean fields. In this study, two PM resistance genes from donor parent A2 were pyramided into Thai cultivated variety, namely Suranaree University of Technology 1 (SUT1) using marker-assisted backcrossing (MAB). Three polymorphic marker loci linked to PM resistance genes and three marker sets with 72 polymorphic loci were subsequently used for foreground and background selection, respectively. As a consequence, three pyramided BC4 lines B1, B2, and D5 carrying all foreground marker loci in homozygosity were obtained. Their recurrent parent genome (RPG) recovery was 100.0%, 100.0%, and 98.8% for background marker Sets A, B, and C, respectively. In field conditions, it was found that a low level of PM severity was exhibited in the pyramided BC line D5, which also had most of the agronomic traits similar or superior to SUT1. Moreover, the yield performance of this line was higher than SUT1, up to 8.3%-12.2% with no disease or PM outbreak. Thus, this pyramided BC line can be further used to develop a new resistant variety for farmers in the future.
A Robust Secure Communication Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks in Industrial Environments
Authors: Amara Nedra , Shoaib Muhammad Shoaib , Junaid Ahmed Junaid , Sayed Nasir Sayed
Published: July 2023

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have become a popular solution for monitoring and controlling industrial processes. However, these networks are vulnerable to security threats, such as eavesdropping, data tampering, node compromise, and denial of service attacks. To address these challenges, we propose a Robust Secure Communication (RISC) protocol that provides secure and reliable communication for industrial WSNs. In this article, we present the results of our experimental simulations and sensitivity analysis of the RISC protocol, which demonstrate its effectiveness in terms of performance and security. We also compare the RISC protocol with other state-of-the-art security protocols and discuss the strengths and limitations of each approach. Our findings highlight the robustness of the RISC protocol and its effectiveness in securing industrial WSNs against different types of security threats.
Application of Zeolite LTA towards Cherry Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) on N Leaching and N utilised effectively
Authors: sazali Norsuhailizah , Harun Zawati
Published: July 2023

In numerous agriculturally intensive regions, nitrate leaching into groundwater is a significant concern. An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of cation-binding mineral zeolite hydrothermally synthesised from kaolin on nitrogen leaching, yield, and nitrogen absorption of cherry tomato in a pot. There are seven distinct experimental treatments; Control High (CH); Control Standard (CS); Control Low (CL); 2g of zeolite(2gZ); 4g of zeolite(4gZ); 6g of zeolite(6gZ); and 6g of industrial zeolite (6gIZ) grown in greenhouse with randomised design. In every treatment, drip irrigation with constant watering was applied. According to the results, 6g of zeolite demonstrates the smallest significant difference between the concentration mean values of nitrite and nitrate when compared to the other treatments. In terms of the average concentration of nitrogen in the soil at every harvest (harvest 1,2 and 3), 6g of zeolite added to the soil has the highest value compared to other treatments. There is no significant difference in fruit weight for all treatment, but 6g of zeolite results in the highest aggregate mean weight compared to other treatments. With its capacity as a CEC, zeolite was able to reduce the discharge of water from a container while increasing the average nitrogen concentration in the soil. The elevated CEC of zeolite also demonstrates an increase in cherry tomato weight.
Construction of an equidistant grid on an arbitrary curve
Authors: Volkmer Hans , Chugunova Marina , Ceely William J , Sawhney Raj
Published: July 2023

We consider a geometrical problem of existence of an equidistant set of $N$ points on non-closed and closed curves. For the non-closed curve we give a new version of the geometrical proof of the existence based on the continuous mapping argument. For a closed curve we construct a counterexample if the number of points $N$ is arbitrarily chosen and we give a proof of existence of the set if $N$ is taken sufficiently large. We develop a numerical algorithm that builds solutions for both types of curves.
MSC Classification: 00A69 , 55P10 , 65K10