bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Prognostic Value of Cytokeratin and Extracellular Collagen
Expression in Urinary Bladder Cancer
Authors: Ingenwerth Marc , Nyirády Péter , Hadaschik Boris , Szarvas Tibor , Reis Henning
Published: February 2021

Background:

Expression levels of collagens have been implicated in the progression of various cancers and interact with cytokeratins, but are not well studied in bladder cancer (BC). Therefore, we analyzed the gene and protein expression levels of collagen 1A1 (Col1a1/COL1A1), collagen 3A1 (col3a1/COL3A1), collagen 5A2 (col5a2/COL5A2), cytokeratin 14 (krt14/CK14), and cytokeratin 17 (krt17/CK17) in urothelial BC samples of different stages.

Methods:

In total, 102 fresh frozen and 190 formalin fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples were tested using immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR. Expression levels were correlated to clinicopathological and follow-up data.

Results:

Col1a1, col3a1, col5a2 and krt14 mRNA levels were significantly overexpressed in high-grade and muscle-invasive BC (MIBC) compared to low-grade and non-muscle invasive BC (NMIBC) cases. Disease-specific survival (DSS) was shorter in patients with high expression levels of col1a1 (p = 0.004), col3a1 (p = 0.004), and col5a2 (p = 0.028). CK14 (p = 0.020), COL3A1 (p = 0.006) and Col5A2 (p = 0.006) protein expression levels were significantly higher and protein expression levels of CK17 (p = 0.05) significantly lower in MIBC compared to NMIBC. Furthermore, CK14 (p = 0.002) and COL5A2 (p = 0.006) protein expressions were significantly higher in high-grade compared to low-grade BC. DSS was shorter in patients with high expression levels of COL5A2 (p = 0.033) and CK14 (p = 0.042).

Conclusion:

Expression changes of collagens and cytokeratins are univariable prognostic markers in BC.
Transient Elastography in HIV Infected Patients with Liver Steatosis Identifies a High-Risk Group for Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Pezzini Marina Ferri , Cheinquer Hugo , de Araujo Alexandre , Schmidt-Cerski Carlos T. , Sprinz Eduardo , Herz-Wolff Fernando , Poeta Julia
Published: February 2021

Objective:

The study aimed to assess the role of TE in HIV-infected patients with
NAFLD.

Methods:

HIV infected patients undergoing ART were enrolled between August2016 and February2017. Inclusion criteria: ≥18 years with undetectable HIV viral load. Exclusion criteria: pregnancy; alcohol intake ≥20g/day and co-infection with hepatitis B or C. Patients underwent abdominal US to diagnose liver steatosis. Significant fibrosis (≥F2) was considered when APRI>1.0, FIB4>3 and liver stiffness ≥7.1kPa. Subjects with TE ≥7.1kPa were proposed a liver biopsy and the NAFLD Scoring System ≥3 was considered as diagnosis of NASH. Poisson regression model was used to identify factors associated with liver steatosis.

Results:

98 patients were included. The mean age of the subjects was 49±11 years and 53 (54.1%)
were males. Liver steatosis was diagnosed in 31 patients (31.6%) and was independently associated
with male sex (PR= 2.18) and higher BMI (PR=1.08). Among the 31 patients with NAFLD, 26
showed results for TE, APRI and FIB4. The prevalence of significant fibrosis assessed by TE,
APRI and FIB4 was 26.9%, 6.4% and 3.2%, respectively. Seven patients (26.9%) had a TE result
≥7.1kPa, which was associated with higher triglyceride levels, FIB4 score and CAP values. Liver
biopsy was perfomed on six of those with TE ≥7.1kPa and NASH was found in 5 (83.3%) and liver
fibrosis without NASH in one.

Conclusions:

NAFLD prevalence in HIV infected patients is higher than general population. TE ≥7.1kPa was not able to diagnose significant fibrosis, but accurately detect a subgroup of patients with high risk for NASH among HIV monoinfected individuals with steatosis.
Friedel-Crafts Benzylation of Unprotected Anilines with Indole-3- carbinols to Access Trifluoro-methyl(indolyl)phenylmethanes
Authors: Chigumbu Paidamoyo , Fu Junfeng , Takia Ingrid Rakielle Tsapy , Wang Yongjiang , Han Xiaoyu
Published: February 2021

:

An unprecedented protocol for the efficient and highly chemoselective alkylation of unprotected anilines with deactivated CF3-indole-3-carbinols promoted by In(OTf)3 has been developed. A series of diversified trifluoromethylated (indolyl)phenylmethanes were produced featuring the C-alkylation in moderate to high chemical yields and with high regioselectivities.
Chemical Diversity and Bioactivity of Marine Sponges of the Genus
Oceanapia: A Review
Authors: Singh Keisham S. , Tilvi Supriya
Published: February 2021

:

The marine sponges of the genus Oceanapia sp. is comprised of more than 50 species and are distributed in the seas around the tropical and subtropical regions. They are mainly found in the northern Indian oceans, Japan, and the south pacific coast. They are highly colored and known to be a rich source of various secondary metabolites, particularly, alkaloids. Several other secondary metabolites were also reported from this genus which include terpenes, sphingolipids, ceramides, cerebrosides, acetylenic acids, and thiocyanatins, etc. Many of these compounds isolated from this genus exhibited various biological properties including anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-HIV, ichthyotoxicity and nematocidal activities. Although several secondary metabolites have been reported from this genus, a dedicated review of the chemicals and biological activities of this genus is so far lacking. Keeping this in mind this review describes the various chemical entities isolated from the sponges of the genus Oceanapia detailing their chemical structures along with their reported biological properties.
Application of Coatings with Smart Functions
Authors: Prajapati Shiv K. , Mishra Gaurav , Malaiya Akanksha , Kesharwani Payal , Mody Nishi , Jain Ankit
Published: February 2021

To obtain the different types of technical utilities, the surface of various systems needs to
be modified by altering surface properties using polymer coating(s) which is one of the emerging
technologies to impart smart functions. The polymer coating has a wide application in various fields
such as biomedicals, pharmaceuticals, packaging, corrosion control, electronics, and abrasion control.
The coating can be done using both biodegradable and non-degradable polymers having eminent
properties such as better mechanical strength, anti-wear characteristics, corrosion protection, electrical
conductivity, biocompatibility, and high surface functionality. Several methods have been reported
for the fabrication of defensive coatings. A thoughtful selection of polymers, coating methods,
and critical process parameters may bring forth a better protective coating with advanced properties.
This review discusses the objectives of the polymer coating, various coating technologies, and their
smart applications.
Three-dimensional Pattern of Inflammatory Periapical Lesion Extension in the Premolar’s Region: An Application of K-means Clustering
Authors: Kazemipoor Maryam , Valizadeh Fatemeh , Jambarsang Sara
Published: February 2021

Background:

Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) provides a better diagnosis
of endodontic lesions.

Introduction:

The present study would assess the pattern of periapical lesion extension in premolar
teeth using CBCT.

Methods:

In this descriptive study‚ 330 roots in the regions of maxillary and mandibular premolars
have been evaluated. Maximum periapical lesion extensions in the three orthogonal planes (axial,
coronal, and sagittal) were measured and recorded in millimeters. Measurements were compared
based on gender‚ dental arch, tooth type, and root. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated
measure ANOVA, Bonferroni, Chi-square tests, and clustering data analysis (K-means method).
The significant level was set at 0.05.

Result:

There were significant differences between the lesion expansions in the three-dimensional
planes (p-value<0.001). The highest average of lesion extension in the premolar regions of the examined
population was reported in the vertical dimension (4.1± 1.3), followed by horizontal buccolingual
dimension (3.4±1.1) and horizontal mesiodistal dimension (3.1±1.0), respectively. According
to independent variables, in the premolar region, only tooth roots showed significant differences
in the lesion extension (p-value=0.002). Clustering data analysis showed that the majority of
the participants were categorized in a cluster with lower lesion extension. Based on clustering data
analysis, the small lesions were significantly observed in the first premolar and buccal roots.

Conclusion:

Since the periapical lesion extension in the buccolingual dimension, which could not
be detected in the 2-D imaging techniques, was rather high in the region of premolar teeth, and
CBCT, as a 3-D imaging technique, is a suitable option for the precise evaluation of periapical lesion
extension. Also, the majority of the lesions in this tooth area are small and located in the buccal
roots.
Femtomolar Dengue Virus Type-2 DNA Detection in Back-gated Silicon
Nanowire Field-effect Transistor Biosensor
Authors: Abidin Wan Amirah Basyarah Zainol , Nor Mohammad Nuzaihan Md , Arshad Mohd Khairuddin Md , Fathil Mohamad Faris Mohamad , Parmin Nor Azizah , Sisin Noor Azrina Haji Talik , Ibau Conlathan , Azlan Aidil Shazereen
Published: February 2021

Background:

Dengue is known as the most severe arboviral infection in the world spread
by Aedes aegypti. However, conventional and laboratory-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays
(ELISA) are the current approaches in detecting dengue virus (DENV), requiring skilled and
well-trained personnel to operate. Therefore, the ultrasensitive and label-free technique of the Silicon
Nanowire (SiNW) biosensor was chosen for rapid detection of DENV.

Methods:

In this study, a SiNW field-effect transistor (FET) biosensor integrated with a back-gate of
the low-doped p-type Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer was fabricated through conventional photolithography
and Inductively Coupled Plasma – Reactive Ion Etching (ICP-RIE) for Dengue Virus
type-2 (DENV-2) DNA detection. The morphological characteristics of back-gated SiNW-FET were
examined using a field-emission scanning electron microscope supported by the elemental analysis
via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.

Results and Discussion:

A complementary (target) single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA)
was recognized when the target DNA was hybridized with the probe DNA attached to SiNW surfaces.
Based on the slope of the linear regression curve, the back-gated SiNW-FET biosensor demonstrated
the sensitivity of 3.3 nAM-1 with a detection limit of 10 fM. Furthermore, the drain and
back-gate voltages were also found to influence the SiNW conductance changed.

Conclusion:

Thus, the results obtained suggest that the back-gated SiNW-FET shows good stability
in both biosensing applications and medical diagnosis throughout the conventional photolithography
method.
Advancements in Adjuvanticity of Bioactive Inorganic and Organic Compounds
Authors: Banerjee Jhimli , Dey Sananda , Ali Kazi Monjur , Giri Biplab , Dash Sandeep Kumar
Published: February 2021

Background:

Regardless of the enormous success of vaccines over decades, the formulation
of biocompatible and highly effective vaccines is still insufficient for combating new pathogens.

Discussion:

The degree of effectiveness of any vaccine largely depends on the choice of appropriate
adjuvant. Along with the optimum biocompatibility, an ideal adjuvant must be biodegradable,
economical and easy to manufacture. To date, various organic and inorganic substances have been
used as an adjuvant to augment the effectiveness of the vaccine. Immunological adjuvants are essential
for strong and long-term effects against various pathogens. However, a very limited number
of licensed adjuvants are available for the formulation of a successful vaccine. This leads to a challenging
situation in medical science.

Conclusion:

The present review concisely summarizes the mechanism of action of various bioactive
organic and inorganic immunological adjuvants, their limitations and future perspectives for
their appropriate modification. Current trends of anticancer therapies using immunological adjuvants
have also been highlighted in this review.
Effects of Metformin-Single Therapy on the Level of Inflammatory Markers
in Serum of Non-Obese T2DM Patients with NAFLD
Authors: Mitrovic Bojan , Gluvic Zoran , Macut Djuro , Obradovic Milan , Sudar-Milovanovic Emina , Soskic Sanja , Stajic Dragan , Isenovic Esma R.
Published: February 2021

Background and Objectives :

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with inflammation and subsequent increase in cardiovascular risk. Because of its widespread presence and distribution, invasive diagnostic procedures (i.e., liver biopsy) are reserved for a limited number of subjects. With liver ultrasound, Fatty liver index (FLI) and fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) scores non-invasively assess liver steatosis and fibrosis. We aimed to evaluate the changes in inflammatory markers and FLI/FIB-4 scores in non-obese metformin-treated type 2 diabetes patients (T2DM) with NAFLD.

Methods:

All subjects underwent abdominal ultrasound aiming for NAFLD stratification (grade 1 to 3 according to its severity). Metabolic parameters (morning glycaemia, HbA1C, lipids, liver function tests) and serum inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, ferritin, and nitric oxide), and FLI/FIB-4 are calculated.

Results:

FLI score and ultrasound NAFLD grades correlated (p<0.05). We observed a significant correlation between the levels of ferritin and C-reactive protein (CRP) (p<0.05), and the FLI (p<0.05). Body weight (BW) (p<0.05), waist circumference (WC) (p<0.05), the levels of HbA1c (p<0.05), transferrin (p<0.05), insulin (p<0.05), and FLI score (p<0.05) significantly differed between groups defined by the severity of NAFLD.

Conclusion:

This pilot study suggests that the serum inflammatory markers at the average normal values point to the sufficiency of metformin-single therapy in inflammation control in non-obese T2DM patients with NAFLD.
Associations of Physical Activity Level and Variability With 6-Month Weight Change Among 26,935 Users of Connected Devices: Observational Real-Life Study
Authors: El Fatouhi Douae , Delrieu Lidia , Goetzinger Catherine , Malisoux Laurent , Affret Aurélie , Campo David , Fagherazzi Guy
Published: February 2021

Background

Physical activity (PA) is a modifiable lifestyle factor that can be targeted to increase energy expenditure and promote weight loss. However, the amount of PA required for weight loss remains inconsistent. Wearable activity trackers constitute a valuable opportunity to obtain objective measurements of PA and study large populations in real-life settings.

Objective

We aim to study the associations of initial device-assessed PA characteristics (average step counts and step count variability) and their evolution with 6-month weight change.

Methods

We analyzed data from 26,935 Withings-connected device users (wearable activity trackers and digital scales). To assess the initial PA characteristics and their 6-month changes, we used data recorded during the first and sixth 30-day periods of activity tracker use. For each of these periods, we used the monthly mean of daily step values as a proxy for PA level and derived the monthly coefficient of variation (CV) of daily step values to estimate PA level variability. Associations between initial PA characteristics and 6-month weight change were assessed using multivariable linear regression analyses controlled for age, sex, blood pressure, heart rate, and the predominant season. Restricted cubic spline regression was performed to better characterize the continuous shape of the associations between PA characteristics and weight change. Secondary analyses were performed by analyzing the 6-month evolution of PA characteristics in relation to weight change.

Results

Our results revealed that both a greater PA level and lower PA level variability were associated with weight loss. Compared with individuals who were initially in the sedentary category (<5000 steps/day), individuals who were low active (5000-7499 steps/day), somewhat active (7500-9999 steps/day), and active (≥10,000 steps/day) had a 0.21-kg, a 0.52-kg, and a 1.17-kg greater decrease in weight, respectively (95% CI −0.36 to −0.06, −0.70 to −0.33, and −1.42 to −0.93, respectively). Compared with users whose PA level CV was >63%, users whose PA level CV ranged from 51% to 63%, 40% to 51%, and was ≤40%, had a 0.19-kg, a 0.23-kg, and a 0.33-kg greater decrease in weight, respectively (95% CI −0.38 to −0.01, −0.41 to −0.04, and −0.53 to −0.13, respectively). We also observed that each 1000 steps/day increase in PA level over the 6-month follow-up was associated with a 0.26-kg (95% CI −0.29 to −0.23) decrease in weight. No association was found between the 6-month changes in PA level variability and weight change.

Conclusions

Our results add to the current body of knowledge that health benefits can be observed below the 10,000 steps/day threshold and suggest that not only increased mean PA level but also greater regularity of the PA level may play important roles in short-term weight loss.
Seleksi Pedigree Tomat (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) Generasi F4 berdasarkan Kekerasan dan Bentuk Buah
Authors: Wijayati Novelas Anandayu , Murti Rudi Hari
Published: February 2021

Seleksi tomat telah dilakukan pada generasi F4 menggunakan galur terpilih berdasarkan parameter kekerasan dan bentuk buah. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi keragaman antar dan dalam galur tomat, kekerasan buah, nilai heritabilitas dalam arti luas, bentuk buah, dan juga komponen hasil. Penelitian dilaksanakan di  Jl. Boyong, Kaliurang, Sleman, Yogyakarta pada bulan Februari-September 2018 menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap dengan lima belas galur sebagai perlakuan dan tiga blok sebagai ulangan. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis varian sub-sampel, komponen varian, uji lanjut HSD Tukey pada taraf kepercayaan 95% dan Analisis Komponen Utama. Hasil nilai varian dalam galur lebih besar dari varian antar galur pada karakter umur berbunga, jumlah bunga per tandan, jumlah buah per tanaman, jumlah buah per tandan, jumlah tandan per tanaman, rasio panjang per diameter, panjang, diameter, kekerasan, dan bobot buah. Pada generasi F4 diperoleh sebanyak 41 individu calon tanaman terpilih yang memiliki daya hasil tinggi, bentuk buah bulat/oval, dan kekerasan buah tinggi adalah pada 1A (2/30/1/1), 1A (3/4/2/3), 1A (3/4/2/2), 1B (3/22/1/2), 1B (3/22/1/6), 1A (1/13/1/6), 1A (3/4/4/6), 1A (3/4/4/2), 1A (3/4/4/1), 1A (1/27/4/1), 1A (3/4/1/9), 1A (3/4/1/8), 1A (3/4/3/8), 1A (1/27/3/8); 2A (2/30/2/7), 2A (1/13/1/2), 2A (1/13/1/4), 2A (1/13/1/10), 2A (1/13/1/1), 2A (1/13/1/5), 2A (3/4/4/2), 2A (3/4/4/5), 2A (1/27/3/6), 2A (3/4/2/2), 2A (3/4/1/7), 2A (3/4/3/7), 2B (3/22/1/8); 3A (3/4/3/2), 3A (3/4/3/9), 3A (3/4/3/1), 3A (3/4/3/8), 3A (1/13/1/8), 3A (1/13/1/7), 3A (1/27/4/9), 3A (3/4/2/2), 3A (1/27/1/10), 3A (1/27/1/7), 3A (1/27/1/2), 3A (3/4/1/6), 3A (3/4/4/7), dan 3A (3/4/4/8).
ПРОБЛЕМЫ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО ПЕРЕВООРУЖЕНИЯ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ РАКЕТНО-КОСМИЧЕСКОЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ И СОЗДАНИЕ ОТРАСЛЕВОГО ИНЖИНИРИНГОВОГО ЦЕНТРА
Authors: Юрцев Е. , Рахмилевич Е. , Чернодед И. , Новиков П. , Куликова Д. , Жигарь А. , Матвеев С.
Published: February 2021

Рассмотрены проблемы, возникающие при техническом перевооружении ракетно-космической отрасли, а также создание отраслевого инжинирингового центра, деятельность которого направлена на решение таких проблем и развитие технологического потенциала отрасли.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ПОТОКОВОГО АНАЛИЗА ДЛЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ НЕДОСТАТКОВ КОНСТРУКЦИИ МИКРОШНЕКОВОГО ЭКСТРУДЕРА ДЛЯ 3D-ПЕЧАТИ ВЫСОКОТЕМПЕРАТУРНЫМИ ПОЛИМЕРАМИ
Authors: Богодухова Е. , Петров П.
Published: February 2021

На базе виртуального эксперимента с использованием программы T-FLEX Анализ определены основные направления развития конструкции микрошнекового экструдера для 3D-печати высокотемпературными полимерами. Выявлены тепловые потери, возникающие в существующей конструкции и приводящие к снижению производительности.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ НЕЙРОННЫХ СЕТЕЙ В ФАЗОХРОНОМЕТРИИ
Authors: Потапов К. , Комшин А. , Сырицкий А.
Published: February 2021

Показано использование однослойного перцептрона с учителем для диагностики состояния подшипника переднего шпиндельного узла токарного станка в двух состояниях: норма (0), подшипник не затянут (1), в рамках фазохронометрического подхода к диагностике циклических машин и механизмов.
Рассмотрен подбор параметров для оптимальной конфигурации нейронной сети.
Organizational behaviour and firm performance: A study of Italian retail industry
Authors: Savio Riccardo
Published: February 2021

There is a growing consensus among scholars that the liberalization of shop opening hours increases revenues and creates jobs. While this is probably true, prior literature does not provide evidence on the risks of this kind of liberalization on the reduction of firm performance, and how firms in the retail industry manage the risk of underperformance. In fact, although theory establishes a direct link between increasing of shop opening hours with revenues and employment, it is challenging to rule out how firms react to this and if there are effects on firm performance. While several studies on firms’ strategic choices on opening hours have recently been released, no empirical studies provide evidence on firm performance following a change in the regulation of shop opening hours. The study contributes to the literature adding evidence on consequences on firm performance, an aspect generally not analysed by prior scholars in this field. We explore the effects of extended shopping hours on performance faced by firms operating in retail industries. To this purpose, we collected data about a large sample of limited liability companies in Italy, where a reform was issued in 2012 to boost the economy even through liberalization of shop opening hours. Using data of Italian firms operating in the retail industries, we find that reducing restrictions on shopping hours increases revenues and personnel costs. Interestingly, our model predicts that the deregulation of shopping hours involves firm lower performance.
Expectations about CFTR modulators among physicians from Italian Cystic fibrosis centers: a survey about the evolution of clinical practice paradigms for cystic fibrosis
Authors: Casciaro Rosaria , Costa Stefano , Ros Mirco , Majo Fabio
Published: February 2021

CFTR modulators (CFTRm) were introduced recently but they are already
profoundly changing Cystic Fibrosis (CF) landscape. This survey was
conducted in 2018 to evaluate how their perception and use evolved in
Italy, with focus on factors that could influence physician treatment
decisions. Response rate was 75.6% and the majority of physicians
(81%) had been working in CF for over 5 years. While traditional
parameters such as lung function and nutritional status remain key
evaluation criteria in relation to initiation and monitoring of CFTRm,
pulmonary exacerbations ranked at least at the same level of importance
in both pediatric and adolescent/adult patients homozygous for F508del,
as well as those with residual function mutations. Increasing interest
is shown for tools that can help detect early manifestations of disease
such as Lung Clearance Index and imaging. Patient-related outcomes, such
as ability to conduct daily activities, are also deemed relevant in
decision to start and continue CFTRm. Physician decision to initiate
treatment according to clinical presentation was similar in all groups,
showing that more importance was given to severity/instability of
disease rather than mutation type or age range. A relatively low
percentage of physicians would treat asymptomatic patients, in
particular very young or those with residual function mutations, showing
reluctance to treat early in some patient groups in the absence of clear
manifestations of CF. Increasing experience with CFTRm will allow to
gain more long term evidence and will help shape new guidelines.
Non-traumatic myositis ossificans of the Right masseter muscle: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Sharifi Reza , hakim lotfollah kamali , Mehraban Saeed Hasani , Asadi Amirali
Published: February 2021

Myositis ossificans (MO) is a rare disease in which ossification
develops in the muscle or soft tissue. MO traumatica is recognized by
ossification of the soft tissues after acute or repetitive trauma,
burns, or surgical procedures. In the head and neck region, masseter is
most commonly involved muscle.
Raman spectral analysis of the brainstem and responses of neuroglia and cytokines in whole-body gamma-irradiated rats after administration of aminothiol-based radioprotector GL2011
Authors: Kocovic Dusica , Bajuk-Bogdanovic Danica , Maslovaric Irina , Bozic-Nedeljkovic Biljana , Andjus Pavle , Dakovic Marko
Published: February 2021

The search for an effective and non-toxic radioprotector is ongoing. We tested a novel, natural aminothiol-based radioprotector, GL2011, that was applied 30 min, 3 h or 6 h after the exposure of male albino Wistar rats to a 6.7 Gy mild dose of gamma radiation. The molecular signatures of radioprotection were investigated with Raman microspectroscopy of brainstem tissue samples. Morphological changes and activation of astrocytes and microglia were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Global markers of neuroinflammation were followed by ELISA to monitor blood plasma levels of proinflammatory (IL-6 and TNF-?) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines. A thirty-day follow-up determined survival of unprotected animals 37.5%. A survival increase was observed after radioprotection (75%, irrespective of the time of application). Raman spectra revealed a slightly deleterious effect of radiation on nucleic acids in surviving animals that was mitigated with the radioprotector, as GL2011 preserved the morphology of both astrocytes and microglia, with reduced microglial infiltration. Cytokine assessment revealed an immunomodulatory effect of the novel radioprotector. The overall results point out the positive effects of a single dose of GL2011 applied at different times. The molecular and cellular changes in the brainstem indicate that the radioprotector applied after radiation conferred better protection, which underlines its translation to cure radiation accidents.
Identification of Formaldehyde Bananas using Learning Vector Quantization
Authors: Musa Rahmat , Akbar Mutaqin
Published: February 2021

Bananas that ripen with chemical process or do not ripen naturally usually, this can be recognized by the presence of blackish patches on the surface of the skin. But visual recognition has its drawbacks, which is that it is difficult to recognize similarities between formalin bananas and natural bananas, resulting in a lack of accurate identification. In this study, a system was built that can determined formalin bananas and natural bananas through digital image identification using supervised classification. The image to be identification previously goes through the process of transforming RGB (Red Green Blue) color to Grayscale, and the process of extracting texture features using statically recognizable features through histograms, in the form of average, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, energy, entropy and smoothness. The extraction of texture features is classified with LVQ (Learning Vector Quantization) to determine formalin or natural bananas. The test was conducted with 122 banana imagery sample data, 100 imagery as training data consisting of 50 imagery for natural bananas and 50 imagery for bananas formalin, 22 imagery as test data. The test results showed LVQ method has the best percentage at Learning Rate 0.1, Decreased Learning Rate 0.75 and maximum epoch of 1000 with the smallest epoch of 7, obtained accuracy 90.90%, precision 84.61% and recall 100%.
ANALYSIS OF BASE AND COMPETITIVE COMMODITIES OF CROP SUBSECTOR AND ITS EFFECT ON GDRP GROWTH OF LANGKAT REGENCY
Authors: Khairina Khalish
Published: February 2021

Economic Growth is one of indicator which commonly used to observe economic development in a region. Conceptually, economic growth of a region is determined by sector values in producing goods and services. GDRP of Langkat regency is mostly dominated by agriculture, forestry and fisheries sector. Food security that Langkat Regency plan to be achieved really depends on food crops’ supply. However crops’ contribution is decreased every year. Therefore, it’s needed to examine which leading and highly competitive crops’ commodities. This study aimed to determine and analyze a base and competitive crops’ subsector and its effect on GDRP Langkat Regency. LQ was used to determine the base and non base commodities. While the analysis of RCA and MCI were used to see the commodities competitiveness. and to analyse its effect by using Ordinary Least Square. The type of data used was time series since 1996 to 2015 by using Eviews 7.0. Data was obtained from BPS Langkat Regency and Agriculture Department of Langkat Regency. The result of this study showed that paddy, corn, soybean and mungbean were base commodities of crops with average LQ > 1. This study also showed that paddy, corn, soybean and mungbean were highly competitive commodities with average RCA > 1. Average MCI each commodities is > 0,75 showed that commodities trade’s less spread (concentrated). Regression result showed that paddy  has positive effect on GDRP growth in supply side (prob RCA 0,0035 < 0,05). Corn also showed that has positive effect on GDRP growth in supply and demand side (prob RCA 0,0016 < 0,05 and MCI 0,0193 < 0,05). Soybean showed that has positive effect on GDRP growth in production supply (LQ 0,0032 < 0,05) and Mungbean also showed that has positive effect on GDRP growth in production supply (LQ 0,0001 < 0,05).
The Competency Movement in Public Hospitals: Analysing the Competencies of Hospital Executive Managers
Authors: ÇAKMAK BARSBAY Mehtap , ÖKTEM Mustafa Kemal
Published: February 2021

"Our primary aim was to provide a quantitative snapshot relying on a self-assessment tool developed for the local healthcare environment and formal tasks for top-level executive hospital managers of public healthcare organizations. We used a cross-sectional and descriptive mixed study design that targeted the nationwide population of 701 top-level managers in public hospitals in 2015 in Turkey. As the first step, position description content analysis was conducted based on document analysis to explore their legal tasks and statements, and the job requirements for an executive management position in public hospitals. Second, before designing the data-collection instrument, we conducted four meetings and group discussions with several hospital managers – with and without medical backgrounds – and five academics who were part of healthcare management and public administration departments. Lastly, we built upon past efforts and the literature, and constructed a questionnaire.
The managers are fully responsible for the healthcare quality, medical, nursing, administrative issues and financial performance of the facility. The participants perceived that they were competent in most of the competencies. The participants’ mean total competency score was 81%, and the competency gap between the required and current competency levels differed from 13% to 22%. This research provides deep insight into the competencies perceived by hospital executive managers in a developing country context. Our results have several practical implications for both healthcare policymakers and new executive hospital managers. There is an urgent need for follow-up self-assessment for competencies and ongoing management training programs."
Collaborative Governance Regimes in Illiberal Democracies: A Comparative Case of Drug Harm Reduction Policy in Central-Eastern Europe
Authors: HAJNAL György , JEZIORSKA Iga
Published: February 2021

Collaborative governance research and practice seem underdeveloped in Central-Eastern Europe compared to its Western counterpart. Recently, one can also observe a turn from liberal values in CEE. Taking states’ important role in shaping collaborative governance as a starting point, this paper includes a theoretical ambition of developing a classification of collaborative governance regimes. Furthermore, through qualitative analysis of drug harm reduction policies in Visegrád countries, it aims to contribute to the understanding of how illiberal governance affects collaborative governance. The results show that the impact of illiberalism on collaborative governance regimes does not appear uniformly across different policy areas.
Comparative effect of Organic Amendments on Heavy Metals Adsorption in Soils and their Chemical properties
Authors: Nwachukwu O. I. , Olim D. M. , Afu S. M. , Akpa E. A. , Adie P. I.
Published: February 2021

Incubation experiment was carried out to evaluate and compare effects of some selected amendments on adsorption of heavy metals in soils and their chemical properties. The experiment was CRD consisting of twelve treatment combinations with three replications. Soil samples were collected from the vicinity of Michael Okpara University of Agriculture and amended with organic amendments at the rate 20 ton/ha and heavy metals at the rate of 60 mg/kg, thoroughly mixed and wetted daily throughout the incubation period of 30 days. 0.05M EDTA solution was used to extract heavy metals. EDTA solution was filtered from soil with Whatman No1 filter paper. The soil was analyzed for chemical properties before and after experiment using standard procedures. Higher amount of heavy metals was extracted from the control soils than the amended soils indicating retention of heavy metals by the amendments. All the amendments were significantly (P<0.05) different in adsorption of copper with poultry manure having significantly (P<0.05) the highest adsorption capacity while the control had the least. Cocoa pod was significantly (P<0.05) higher on adsorption of lead with cow dung and poultry manure not being significantly (P>0.05) different from each other. Cow dung had the highest (P<0.05) on adsorption of zinc. Heavy metals combined with amendments had significant (P<0.05) effect on soil chemical properties. Most chemical properties were significantly (P<0.05) higher in soils treated with both amendments and heavy metals than soils treated with only heavy metals. Poultry manure, cocoa pod and cow dung appeared to have greater potential in removing heavy metals from soils.
The Effects of Chinese Cultural Digital Product Consumption toward the Motivation to Learn Chinese Culture: A Study of Chinese TV Series Watching among Thai-teenage Users
Authors: Tirasawasdichai Tanin , Pookayaporn Korakot , Tsoy Diana
Published: February 2021

The diffusion of Chinese communication channel and digital products is very rigorous in the era of media technological advancement. People absorb cultural attitude via cultural product consumption, along with digital online platform, accession is much more easily than before. In Thailand, majority of netizens spend a lot of time to video consumption in a huge amount of numbers confirmed by triple digit growth in digital platform and applications downloaded. In order to deepen our understanding about media effects, this research proposal aims to study how Chinese TV series consumption shapes Thai netizens cultural knowledge and attitude on the basis of cultivation and gratification theory. Both quantitative and qualitative paradigm are designed as methodology to study among netizens in Thailand.
MEMBANGUN SISTEM EKONOMI ISLAM BERORIENTASI KESALEHAN SOSIAL
Authors: Muhammad Mahmudah Mulia
Published: February 2021

Budiharsono, Sugeng. Strategi Penanggulangan Kemiskinan Nasional. Jakarta: TKP3KPK, Menko Kesra, 2004.Chapra, M. Umar. The Future of Economics; an Islamic Perspective. Jakarta: SEBI, 2001.Haidar, Ilyas Abu. Etika Islam dari Kesalehan Individual Menuju Kesalehan Sosial. Jakarta: Al-Huda, 2003.Hanifullah. “Membangun Sistem Ekonomi Umat Berbasis Syariah”. Episteme. Vol. 7, No. 2, (Desember 2012).Hikmat, Harry. “Pembangunan Sosial yang Berpusatkan pada Rakyat: Reorientasi Paradigma Pembangunan Kesejahteraan Sosial Pascakrisis”. Makalah. Bandung: Unpad, 1999.______. Strategi Pemberdayaan Masyarakat. Bandung: Humaniora, Utama Press 2010.Ibrahim, Idi. “Dunia Simbolik dan Gaya Hidup dalam Beragama”. Mediator. Vol. 3, No. 1. (2002).Jati, Wasisto Raharjo. “Kesalehan Sosial Sebagai Ritual Kelas Menengah Muslim”. IBDA’ Jurnal Kebudayaan Islam, Vol. 13, No. 2, (Juli - Desember 2015).Karim, Adiwarman. Ekonomi Islam: Suatu Kajian Ekonomi Makro, Cet. I. Jakarta: III Indonesia, 2002.Maghfur, Ifdlolul. “Membangun Ekonomi Dengan Prinsip Tauhid”. Jurnal MALIA. Volume 7, Nomor 2, (Juni 2016).Manan, Muhammad Abdul. Ekonomi Islam: Teori dan Praktik, terj. Potan Arif Harahap. Jakarta: PT. Intermasa, 1992.Mundzirin, Yusuf, dkk. Islam dan Budaya Lokal. Yogyakarta: Pokja Akademik UIN Suka, 2007.Nasution, Mustafa Edwin, dkk. Pengenalan Eksklusif Ekonomi Islam. Jakarta: Kencana, 2006.Partoatmodjo, Sadji. Masalah Kemiskinan dan kompleksitas Penanggulangannya. Jakarta TKP3KPK Menko Kesra, 2004.Riesebrodt, Martin. Pious Passion. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.Soetomo. Pemberdayaan Masyarakat. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2011.Tim Pengembangan Perbankan Syariah Institut Bankir Indonesia. Konsep, Produk dan Implementasi Bank Syariah. Jakarta: Djambatan, 2003.
EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN DISPENSASI PERKAWINAN TERHADAP PERKAWINAN DI BAWAH UMUR DI MAKASSAR
Authors: Nurhidayah Nurhidayah
Published: February 2021

AbstractChild marriage  induce many problems  for child, in marriage ordinace  No.1 year 1974, someone can  did early marriage if  they got dispensation from  religion court. This research aimed to analysis the efectiveness of dispensation rule for early marriage in ordinace No. 1 Year 1974 about rule marriage. The research locations  at Religion Court of Makassar, KUA Tallo, KUA Bontoala, KUA Ujung Tanah in Makassar. This type of research that researchers use is the type of socio- legal approach. The data obtained form of primary data and secondary data then analyzed in qualitatively and quantitatively. qualitatively analysis used to analyze data descriptive. While quantitative analysis used against Data the form of numbers. The results showed that the application of the rules of marriage dispensation was not effective because manipulation of data, in this case is age manipulation conducted by village employees and indecision of KUA employees thus passed the child marriage file, so that the applicant of child marriage not report their child marriage at Religion Court.Key Word : Early Marriage, Marriage DispensationAbstrakPerkawinan dini menyebabkan berbagai macam  permasalahan bagi para pelakunya,dalam Undang-Undang Perkawinan No.1 Tahun 1974 perkawinan dini boleh dilangsungkan jika mendapatkan dispensasi dari Pengadilan Agama. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efektivitas penerapan aturan pemberian dispensasi terhadap perkawinan dini pada UU No. 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Pengadilan Agama Makassar, Kantor Urusan Agama Tallo, Kantor Urusan Agama Bontoala, dan Kantor Urusan Agama Ujung Tanah di Makassar. Jenis penelitian yang  digunakan yaitu dengan tipe penelitian sosio-legal approach. Data yang diperoleh berupa data primer dan data sekunder kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Analisis kualitatif digunakan untuk menganalisis data yang sifatnya deskriptif. Sedangkan analisis kuantitatif digunakan terhadap data yang berupa angka-angka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan aturan dispensasi perkawinan ternyata tidak efektif disebabkan adanya manipulasi data, dalam hal ini manipulasi umur yang dilakukan oleh oknum kelurahan, serta ketidaktegasan dari oknum Kantor Urusan Agama yang meloloskan berkas nikah bagi calon mempelai yang belum cukup umur, sehingga permohonan dispensasi tidak sampai ke Pengadilan AgamaKata Kunci : Perkawinan dini, Dispensasi perkawinan
PENGATURAN PERATURAN DAERAH (PERDA) SYARIAH DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN PEMERINTAHAN DAERAH
Authors: Asmar Abd. Rais
Published: February 2021

AbstractRegional regulations that have sharia nuances need to be regulated in terms of both authority and formation processes. This is aimed at avoiding contradictions with the legislation established by the central government. Based on Law No. 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government regulates the central authority, namely the field of religion. Meanwhile, the practice of religious values is mostly carried out by the people in the area. Therefore, the establishment of sharia-compliant local regulations is a regulation to meet those needs. Besides that, in terms of its formation it is always harmonized with the conditions of each regionKeywords: Regional Regulations, ShariaAbstrakPeraturan daerah yang bernuansa syariah perlu diatur tatanannya baik dari segi kewenangan maupun proses pembentukannya. Hal ini bertujuan untuk menghindari pertentangan dengan aturan perundang-undangan yang dibentuk oleh pemerintah pusat. Berdasarkan UU No. 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah diatur tentang kewenangan pusat yaitu bidang agama. Sementara itu, pengamalan nilai-nilai agama banyak dilakukan oleh masyarakat di daerah. Oleh Karena itu, pembentukan Perda bernuansa syariah merupakan peraturan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut. Disamping itu, dari sisi pembentukannya senantiasa diselaraskan dengan kondisi daerah masing-masing.Kata Kunci : Peraturan Daerah, Syariah
Russian organizations social capital formation internal factors
Authors: Igumnov O. A.
Published: February 2021

ThearticlepresentstheresultsofRussianorganizationssocialcapitalformationinternal factors studies. This problem is considered from the conceptual-theoretical model proposed by the author point of view which assumes to consider social capital as a specific management resource the formation of which is influenced by a set of external and internal factors.

The author notes a certain inconsistency of the research in particular heterogeneity of social groups which negatively affects the formation of organizational social capital due to the lack of a general tendency to pro-social behavior.

The analysis of the structural aspect of social capital using data on social networks reflects to a greater extent its relational component characterizing social networks in terms of content and strength of connections.

The article highlights the typical limitations of studies (such as indicators limitation, incompleteness of coverage of social capital different aspects, the aspiration to consider the organizational social capital as the sum of the individual capitals, insufficient sample sizes) contributing to their fragmentation and the narrative.

The author notes the special role of corporate social responsibility system and social policy as a factors in organization social capital formation process. Corporate culture is defined as a factor of social capital formation as well. It is considered as an independent component of organization functioning.
Toward Complex and Sustainable Tourism in Hungary
Authors: Tamás Várhelyi , Árva László
Published: February 2021

In the late 20th and early 21st cen­tury, so­cial and eco­nomic sus­tain­ab­il­ity and the mit­ig­a­tion of en­vir­on­mental de­struc­tion have been is­sues of key con­cern. Tour­ism is in­tensely af­fected, as this sec­tor is among the most pol­lut­ing and least sus­tain­able activ­it­ies. Re­peated pan­dem­ics, in­clud­ing the Ebola, AIDS, SARS, MERS, and then COVID-19, have been des­troy­ing the eco­nomy all over the world and, not sur­pris­ingly, they hit tour­ism the hard­est of all sec­tors, as mass travels ac­cel­er­ate the spread of con­ta­gious dis­eases. But tour­ism already en­countered prob­lems long be­fore the pan­demic. As ex­cess­ive tour­ism and the res­ult­ant pol­lu­tion had already in­creased in the past few dec­ades, anti-tour­ism at­ti­tudes spread rap­idly. The cur­rent health haz­ards could be used to trans­form the un­sus­tain­able, pol­lut­ing tour­ism into an eco­lo­gic­ally and so­cially sus­tain­able activ­ity. This art­icle ana­lyzes the op­tions we have.
State Sovereignty and National Identity in Hungary
Authors: Jenei György
Published: February 2021

There is a great de­bate in the European Union on the present role of na­tion states, and on the role of state sov­er­eignty on their im­port­ance in the fu­ture. Some say that the concept of na­tion states is out-of-date and in­cap­able of fa­cing the chal­lenges of the mod­ern world, while oth­ers be­lieve that the na­tion state is a means of deal­ing with mod­ern chal­lenges. The key ques­tions of the dis­agree­ment are the place and role of na­tion states in the European Union and the in­ter­de­pend­ent sov­er­eignty of mod­ern states. This study joins the dis­cus­sion by re­view­ing the his­tory of the Hun­garian state sov­er­eignty and its eth­nical back­ground. The second aim of this paper is to provide a his­tor­ical con­tri­bu­tion to the cur­rent dis­cus­sion with out­lining some de­tails of the his­tor­ical trends and ex­ternal views on Hun­garian eth­ni­city and state sov­er­eignty.
The Price of Illusion and the Power of Meaning: Helsinki, Hungary, and the Holy Crown
Authors: Reynolds David A. J.
Published: February 2021

Whereas the Hel­sinki Final Act’s im­pact in the So­viet bloc is usu­ally defined by the res­ist­ance and pres­sure in­spired by ‘bas­ket three’ human rights clauses, the part of the ac­cord that the So­viet Union de­sired was at least as sig­ni­fic­ant, es­pe­cially for Hun­gary. The So­vi­ets pre­sumed that formal West­ern ac­know­ledge­ment of the post-war set­tle­ment – a long-term for­eign policy – would en­sure its per­man­ence. But the ac­cept­ance of post-war bor­ders ac­tu­ally im­per­illed So­viet con­trol in Cent­ral and East­ern Europe be­cause it ac­cen­tu­ated the con­tra­dic­tion between the de facto sub­jug­a­tion of in­de­pend­ent states in the re­gion and their de jure in­de­pend­ence, while en­shrin­ing the lat­ter, thereby strength­en­ing the hands of those within these states who wished to ex­tend and ex­pand their in­de­pend­ence from Mo­scow, eco­nom­ic­ally and cul­tur­ally. A key ex­ample and test case of this pro­cess was the fate of Hun­gary’s Holy Crown, which had been in Amer­ican cus­tody. Em­ploy­ing both primary sources and sec­ond­ary texts, this new ana­lysis con­tends that it was pre­cisely what the So­vi­ets had hoped for in a European Se­cur­ity Con­fer­ence that proved most dam­aging to con­trol of its sphere of in­flu­ence, and that, in Hun­gary, the re­turn of the Holy Crown rep­res­en­ted ex­actly the goal of re­stored sov­er­eignty that Hel­sinki en­dorsed, des­pite So­viet in­ten­tions to the con­trary.
Effects of the Coronavirus Crisis on Hungarian Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
Authors: Karácsony Péter
Published: February 2021

Today’s coronavirus crisis has af­fected not only pub­lic health but also the eco­nomy. The coronavirus has led to a sig­ni­fic­ant in­crease in un­em­ploy­ment and a trans­form­a­tion in em­ploy­ment. Each gov­ern­ment tries to save its own eco­nomy in dif­fer­ent ways, primar­ily by launch­ing pro­grammes that help com­pan­ies main­tain em­ploy­ment. The crisis has also gen­er­ated spill-over ef­fects throughout the sup­ply chain. Avail­able stud­ies on the eco­nomic ef­fects of the coronavirus are cur­rently lim­ited. Based on em­pir­ical re­search, this study en­deav­ours to show the im­pacts of the coronavirus on the Hun­garian eco­nomy. Based on the find­ings, it can be said that as a res­ult of the coronavirus, Hun­garian small and me­dium-sized en­ter­prises are strug­gling hard to over­come fin­an­cial dif­fi­culties and de­clin­ing de­mand for ser­vices/products, and con­sequently gov­ern­ment sub­sidies and meas­ures are vital for them.