bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Association Between Albumin Levels and Survival in Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Guven Deniz Can , Sahin Taha Koray , Erul Enes , Rizzo Alessandro , Ricci Angela Dalia , Yalcin Suayib
Published: September 2022

The albumin levels could be used as a prognostic biomarker in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) due to close relations with nutritional and inflammatory status. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between survival outcomes and albumin levels in patients treated with ICIs. We conducted a systematic review from the Pubmed, Medline, and Embase databases to filter the published studies until until to 1 June 2022. Thirty-six studies encompassing 8406 cancer patients with advanced disease were included in the meta-analyses. The patients with lower albumin levels had significantly increased risk of death (HR: 1.66, 95% CI:1.52–1.81, p < 0.0001) than patients with higher albumin levels and had increased risk of progression or death compared to patients with higher albumin levels (HR: 1.74, 95% CI:1.39–2.17, p < 0.001). The available evidence demonstrates that albumin levels could be a prognostic biomarker in advanced cancer patients treated with ICIs.
Investigation and Imitation of Human Captains’ Maneuver Using Inverse Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Higaki Takefumi , Hashimoto Hirotada , Yoshioka Hitoshi
Published: September 2022

Automatic collision avoidance is of significant importance to prevent maritime collisions. Although many studies have been conducted in recent years, autonomous system has not completely replaced human captains since it is still difficult to imitate their complicated decisions. Thus, the present paper tries to investigate and imitate experienced captains’ maneuver using maximum entropy inverse reinforcement learning (MaxEnt IRL). We firstly verify that MaxEnt IRL can reproduce appropriate reward function from demonstrative trajectories. Afterwards, we conduct an experiment on a simulator where well-experienced captains maneuver in congested sea and estimate reward from the trajectories. Searching the route which maximizes the obtained reward, finally, we demonstrate the optimized route can avoid collision against multiple ships in compliance with the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs).
People living with OI raise their VOICE. Community-based exploration with Photovoice online of daily mobility challenges and possible solutions for Adults living with Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) in the western world: A pilot-study
Authors: Fink Sascha Helmut , Poppel Mireille Nicoline Maria van , Amort Frank Michael
Published: September 2022

Background. The European Union defines a rare disease as a life-threatening or chronically debilitating disease, with a prevalence of less than 5 per 10,000 persons. Whilst individually rare, there are over 6172 different forms of rare diseases, which together affect at least 18–30 million people in Europe. Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is one of those rare diseases, with a prevalence of about 1 in 15-20,000 persons and is associated with short stature and bone deformities. OI leads to a significant reduction in mobility, which influences daily life ranging from stair climbing, walking long distances or reaching items on the top shelves in grocery shops. However, there is an absence of published data about mobility challenges faced by individuals with OI in a real-world environment and the consequences of these challenges on an individual's quality of life (QoL). To explore the mobility challenges faced on a daily basis, the OI community was asked with photovoice online, which areas of daily living are influenced, which mobility challenges they face daily, and what solutions are perceived as helpful.
Results: In total, six areas of life (living environment, cars and public transport, public spaces, grocery shopping, travelling, and sports), 40 daily mobility challenges and ten solutions proposed by the community could be identified with this approach. The discussion of these results throughout the project was conducted from three perspectives (environmental view, physiological/functional, and psychosocial view). Challenges related to environmental factors are, e.g. lack of accessibility, as well as a floor plan of apartments and can be mitigated mainly through universal and special design approaches. Physiological/functional problems arising from OI characteristics (e.g. high risk of falling due to balance issues, cardiovascular issues when covering long distances), have a high potential for developing assessments with wearables and specific exercise programmes. Challenges of a psychosocial nature, e.g. feelings of loneliness and avoiding a grocery store trip, can be mitigated by building an appropriate network.
Conclusion: In summary, an understanding of daily mobility challenges provides a basis for the development of appropriate guidelines for universal design, assistive technologies as well as assessments in daily life.
Cleavage of semaphorin 4C interferes the neuroprotective effect of semaphorin 4C/Plexin B2 pathway on experimental intracerebral hemorrhage in rats
Authors: Xu Xiang , Li Xiang , Li Haiying , Shen Haitao , You Wanchun , Chen Gang
Published: September 2022

Semaphorin 4C (SEMA4C) and its cognate receptor Plexin B2 are important regulators of axon guidance and are involved in many neurological diseases, in which SEMA4C acts not only as a ligand ("forward" mode) but also as a signaling receptor ("reverse" mode). However, the role of SEMA4C/Plexin B2 in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains unclear. In this study, ICH in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats was induced by autologous blood injection in the right basal ganglia.In vitro, cultured primary neurons were subjected to OxyHb to imitate ICH injury. Recombinant SEMA4C (rSEMA4C) and overexpressing lentiviruses encoding full-length SEMA4C or secretory SEMA4C (sSEMA4C) were administered to rats by intraventricular injection. First, we found that elevated levels of sSEMA4C in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of clinical patients were associated with poor prognosis. And both SEMA4C and sSEMA4C were increased in brain tissue around hematoma after ICH in rats. Overexpression of SEMA4C could attenuate neuronal apoptosis, neurosis, and neurologic impairment after ICH. However, treatments with rSEMA4C or sSEMA4C overexpression exacerbated neuronal injury. In addition, when treated with SEMA4C overexpression, the forward mode downstream protein RhoA and the reverse mode downstream ID1/3 transcriptional factors of SEMA4C/Plexin B2 signaling were all activated. Nevertheless, when exposed to rSEMA4C or sSEMA4C overexpression, only the forward mode was activated. Thus, sSEMA4C may be a novel molecular biomarker to predict the prognosis of patients with ICH, and the prevention of SEMA4C cleavage is expected to be a promising therapeutic target.
New carbohydrate binding domains identified by phage display based functional metagenomic screens of human gut microbiota
Authors: Akhtar Akil , Lata Madhu , Sunsunwal Sonali , Yadav Amit , LNU Kajal , subramanian srikrishna , Ramya T.N.C.
Published: September 2022

Uncultured microbes represent a huge untapped biological resource of novel genes and gene products. Although recent genomic and metagenomic sequencing efforts have led to the identification of numerous genes that are homologous to existing annotated genes, there remains, yet, an enormous pool of unannotated genes that do not find significant sequence homology to existing annotated genes. Functional metagenomics offers a way to identify and annotate novel gene products. Here, we have constructed a metagenomic phage display library from healthy human fecal samples, and performed functional carbohydrate binding screens against dietary, microbial and host polysaccharides/glycoconjugates in order to mine novel carbohydrate binding domains that might aid gut commensals in the metabolism of complex carbohydrates and in adherence and colonization of the gut. We obtained several protein sequences that do not find a hit to any known Pfam domain but show carbohydrate binding module-like folds as per Alphafold2 prediction. We heterologously expressed, purified and biochemically characterized some of these protein domains and demonstrated their carbohydrate-binding function. Our study reveals several previously unannotated carbohydrate-binding domains, including a levan binding domain and four complex N-glycan binding domains that might be useful for the labeling, visualization, and isolation of these glycans.
Perceptions and experiences of dialysis nurses regarding redeployment to other dialysis units during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zimbudzi Edward , Fraginal Denise
Published: September 2022

IntroductionRedeployment of healthcare workers is one of the strategies that has been successfully used to manage increased workload and shortage of staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, little is known about how best to do this in the pandemic and beyond.ObjectiveUsing experiences from a large metropolitan teaching hospital in southeast Melbourne, Australia, this qualitative study sought to understand and describe the experiences and perspectives of dialysis nurses who were redeployed across five hemodialysis units affiliated to this hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodSixteen interviews were conducted in March 2022 among nurses who had been redeployed to other dialysis units during the COVID-19 pandemic. Maximal variation sampling was used to ensure an even representation with regards to gender, dialysis nursing experience and primary place of work. Discussions were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim and inductive thematic analysis was performed.ResultsOf the participants interviewed, most were females (75%) and at least 50% were aged 36-45 years. A majority of the participants (56%) had less than 5 years of dialysis nursing experience and 70% had been redeployed to other dialysis units on at least five occasions. Five main themes emerged. These were the nurses’ immediate reaction, barriers to redeployment, benefits of redeployment, local and organisational support and opportunities for improvement.ConclusionRedeployment of nurses across different dialysis units is associated with personal and organisational benefits. However, there are a number of barriers that need to be addressed to improve the experience of redeployed nurses.
Perception and action in unimodal and crossmodal illusions: Towards a resolution of a long-standing debate in behavioural cognitive neuroscience
Authors: Bruno Nicola , Uccelli Stefano
Published: September 2022

Behavioral perception-action dissociations are widely used to test models of high-level vision1,2, but debates concerning their interpretation have neglected a key issue. Environmental determinants of behavior are fundamentally multisensory3, and sensorimotor tasks can engage multisensory processing in fundamentally different ways in comparison to perceptual tasks. To test this idea, we compared perception and action with a well-understood size-contrast illusion, manipulating both unimodal and crossmodal stimulation as well conditions that are known to favor or hinder multisensory integration. Results demonstrate that varying such conditions can cause a visual task to be affected by the illusion, or remain fully unaffected, whereas a visuomotor task can be affected by the illusion, remain immune from the illusion, or, unexpectedly, even show a robust reverse effect. Thus, similar or dissociable effects on perception and action can be observed depending on factors that are known to affect multisensory processing. These findings provide a novel perspective on a long standing debate in behavioral cognitive neuroscience.
Cassava Root Cortex Peroxidase (CCP) as a Potential Alternative Source of Peroxidase
Authors: Sornwatana Thakorn , Rotchanapreeda Tiwa , Wongsamart Rungdawan , Mongkol Nadtaya , Somana Jamorn
Published: September 2022

Cassava is one of the most important starch crops in the world. Cassava starch factories normally generate a huge amount of cassava tuberous root residual which is usually discarded and might cause pollution to the environment. In order to find some extra benefits of such waste, in this study, cassava root cortex peroxidase (CCP) was found up to 20 mg/kg fresh deteriorated cortex tissue from tuberous root and also able to demonstrate some applications similar to horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The characterization revealed that major native CCP was a 105-kDa dimeric peroxidase with two 54-kDa monomers. Using 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) as substrate in the assay, CCP was found to be tolerant and could maintain its activity in a wide temperature range from 20 to 70°C with an optimum at 65°C. CCP was stable in board pH range from 3 to 11 with maximum activity at pH 5.0. Despite simple purification with ammonium sulfate precipitation, partial purified CCP was capable of determining glucose concentrations with glucose oxidase as similar capability as horseradish peroxidase (HRP). For application as reporter enzyme in immunoassays, the self-made secondary antibody conjugated with CCP did successfully detect the protein antigen in Western blot analysis using the luminol as chemiluminescent substrate. These demonstrations indicated CCP as one of the most robust peroxidases. Moreover, the active enzyme could be easily retrieved from the industrial waste of cassava peel at low cost. Further studies should involve optimization of enzyme purification in industrial scale and finding more CCP potential applications which should increase the advantages of this promising enzyme.
Evaluating food metrics of lanternfishes in waters of the southeastern Pacific Ocean
Authors: Carcamo Carolina , Espinoza Pepe , Canales-Cerro Carlos , Curaz-Leiva Stephanny , Guzman Ana Brisca , Quintanilla Ivonne , Vargas Fernanda , Zuñiga Mauricio , Fernandoy Francisco , Galvez Patricio , Vargas Rene , Saavedra Alvaro , Harrod Chris , Schultz Eric T , Klarian Sebastian
Published: September 2022

Using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values, we analyzed the trophic position (TP) and the isotopic niche width of lanternfishes from three different fishing grounds in the Southern Pacific Ocean. Fishes from Perú had slightly higher δ13C values compared with fish from Chilean fisheries grounds. In contrast, δ15N values increased with latitude (North to South). Myctophids TP differed between the three fishing grounds (highest in Central Chile, lowest in Peru). Peruvian fishes had a smaller isotopic niche than the lanternfishes of the Chilean fishing grounds.
Radiographic prediction of Colles fracture displacement after splint fixation-a prospective study of 97 patients
Authors: Meng Zezhen , Liu Xin , Chen Hao , Du Bin , Wei Chengjian
Published: September 2022

Objective: The study aimed to prospectively analyze the relevant radiographic data before and after the reduction of Colles fractures with splint fixation, to analyze the related influencing factors of fracture redisplacement from the perspective of imaging indicators, and to predict the key factors through artificial machine learning. The predictive value of the screened key factors may provide a reference for the prognosis judgment of the subsequent clinical application of splint in the treatment of Colles fractures.
Methods: The study included 97 adult Colles fracture patients from January 2018 to October 2021 in the outpatient and emergency department of the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine. The basic data of the patients, as well as standard frontal and lateral radiographs of the wrist before reduction, immediately after reduction, and 4 weeks after reduction and fixation were recorded. Data were collected from Radiograph. Grouping and statistics were performed according to whether fracture displacement occurred at the end of the 4-week follow-up after reduction and fixation. Two statistical methods were used for analysis to explore the risk factors for displacement, and the risk factors were were listed independently and analyzed and predicted by random forest method.
Results: 31 patients were judged to be displaced at the end of follow-up, and an additional 66 patients were judged to be in good fracture position. The statistical analysis results showed that the risk factors for displacement after Colles fracture with splints predicted by both methods were the absence of anatomic alignment of the volar cortex, dorsally comminution, and anterior radial displacement before reduction. The above three factors were listed independently and analyzed and predicted by random forest method. The results showed that the AUC area predicted by these three indicators was 0.823, which has an ideal prediction accuracy.
Conclusion: Malalignment of the volar cortex, dorsal comminution, and radial displacement before reduction are independent risk factors for fracture redisplacement after conservative splinting of Colles fractures. Predicting fracture redisplacement based on the above conditions has reliable accuracy. For patients with the above conditions, the choice of splinting therapy should be cautious and should be fully communicated with the patient in order to achieve a better clinical prognosis.
Level of evidence:Level Ⅳ; Case series
Trajectories of depressive symptoms and their predictors in Chinese elderly population: growth mixture model
Authors: Xie Yaofei , Ma Mengdi , Wang Wei
Published: September 2022

Background
Given the acceleration and deepening of China's aging process and the relatively high prevalence of depressive symptoms in Chinese elderly population, this study aimed to identify the trajectories of depressive symptoms and factors associated with trajectory class to gain a better understanding of the long-term course of depressive symptoms in Chinese elderly population.
Methods
Data were obtained from four waves’ survey of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). A total of 3646 participants who aged 60 or older during baseline survey and completed all follow-ups were retained in this study. Depressive symptoms were measured using the 10-item version of the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10). Growth mixture modelling (GMM) was adopted to identify the trajectory classes of depressive symptoms, and both linear function and quadratic function were considered. Multivariate logistic regression model was performed to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of associated factors to predict trajectory class of the participants.
Results
The four-class quadratic function model was the best fitting model of the trajectories of depressive symptoms in Chinese elderly population. The four trajectories were labelled increasing (16.70%), decreasing (12.31%), high and stable (7.30%) and low and stable (63.69%) according to their trends. Except low and stable trajectory, other trajectories were almost above the critical line of depressive symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression model suggested that trajectories of chronic depressive symptoms could be predicted by being female, living in village, having lower education level and suffering from chronic diseases.
Conclusions
This study identified four depressive symptoms trajectories in Chinese elderly population and analysed associated factors of trajectory class. These findings can provide references for the prevention and intervention work to reduce chronic course of depressive symptoms in Chinese elderly population.
Comparison of the effect of parenting education through multimedia and social media on parenting stress of nurses in COVID Pandemic
Authors: Abbasi Mahnaz , Aliyari Shahla , Farsi Zahra , Khalaji Marzieh
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
The prevalence of the COVID virus has increased nurses’ stress and has affected aspects of their lives such as nurses' relationships with their children. This study aimed to compare the effect of parenting education through multimedia and social media on nurses' parental stress in the COVID pandemic.
Methods
This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2020 in the selected hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Hospitals were randomly assigned to experimental (multimedia and social media) and control groups (n = 20). Sixty female nurses with children aged 2–5 years were recruited by convenience sampling. Four DVDs, each containing 5 training sessions, were presented to nurses in the multimedia group for four weeks. In the social media group, educational materials were presented in the PowerPoint voiced and delivered to nurses with Rubika and WhatsApp messengers in 20 sessions over four weeks. There was no intervention in the control group. Data were collected using Parenting Stress Index before and two weeks after the intervention.
Results
There was no significant difference between nurses' parental stress scores in multimedia, social media, and control groups before the study (P = 0.956); while this difference was significant two weeks after the intervention (P < 0.0001). So that the nurses' parental stress score in the multimedia group decreased from 83.47 ± 15.46 to 71.16 ± 9.97 (P < 0.0001), in the social media group from 81.5 ± 15.34 to 51.11 ± 3.479 (P < 0.0001), and in the control group increased from 82.9 ± 15.23 to 82.30 ± 15.74 (P = 0.809). Parenting education was more effective in the social media group (P < 0.0001).
Conclusion
Parenting education with social media has a more impact on nurses' parental stress compared to multimedia. Therefore, using this method for psychological training is recommended to reduce nurses’ stress and improve their performance.
Pregnancy-induced Physiological Hypertrophic Preconditioning Attenuates Pathological Myocardial Hypertrophy by Mnemonic Activation of FoxO3a/GSK3β Pathway
Authors: Liao Yulin , Xie Jiahe , Zheng Cankun , Shen Mengjia , Lu Weiling , Li Mingjue , He Mingyuan , Chen Lu , Ma Siyuan , Zhu Yingqi , Lin Hairuo , Xiu Jiancheng , Liao Wangjun , Bin Jianping
Published: September 2022

Previous studies show a woman’s age at final pregnancy is correlated with post-reproductive longevity and nulliparity is associated with higher risk of incident heart failure, and we previously reported a cardioprotective phenomenon termed myocardial hypertrophic preconditioning, but it is unknown whether pregnancy-induced physiological hypertrophic preconditioning can also protect the heart against subsequent pathological hypertrophic stress. Here, we found that compared with nulliparous mice, pathological cardiac hypertrophy induced by Ang Ⅱ infusion or TAC was significantly attenuated and heart failure induced by TAC was markedly improved in mice with pregnant preconditioning. Activation of FoxO3a was significantly enhanced in the hearts of postpartum mice. FoxO3a inhibited myocardial hypertrophy by suppressing signaling pathway of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β (p-GSK3β)/β-catenin/Cyclin D1. Silencing or overexpression of FoxO3a attenuated or enhanced the anti-hypertrophic effect of pregnant preconditioning in mice with pathological stimulation. Our findings demonstrate that pregnancy-induced myocardial hypertrophic preconditioning confers resistance to subsequent hypertrophic stress and slows progression to heart failure through activation of FoxO3a/GSK3β pathway.
The status and associated factors of earlychildren caries among Preschoolchildren in Chongming islet， China: across-sectional survey
Authors: Yang Chao , Huang Xiaoxiao , Yu Ruihua , Jiang Feng , Qin Hui
Published: September 2022

Background: Dental caries of preschool children (Early Children Caries, ECC) has become a crucial oral health problem. The aim of this research was to investigate the prevalence of dental caries among preschool children from Chongming islet and analyze the related factors.
Methods: A total of 939 preschool children from 5 kindergartens in Chongming islet of China were selected by random sampling method from January to April 2022 to study the incidence of dental caries and related risk factors.
Results: The prevalence of ECC in Chongming islet was 45.69%, the mean dmft was 2.911±1.568. In multivariable modeling, eating dessert between meals or before sleeping (OR=3.049, P <0.001), sweetened milk (OR=2.389, P =0.027), the caregiver had dental caries (OR=1.888, P <0.001), age of children (OR=1.758, P <0.001),preference of beverages (OR = 1.250, p = 0.029), and frequency of snacking (OR = 1.191, p = 0.034) are independent risk factors for the development of ECC, brushing teeth time of children (OR = 0.765, p = 0.77) and caregivers help children brushing teeth or check children brushing effect (OR = 0.788, P =0.066) were protective factors for children's dental caries.
Conclusions: Children should reduce the frequency of eating snacks, reduce the consumption of sugary beverages, sweet food, and train children to brush their teeth correctly, ensure the effect of brushing teeth, urge children to develop good oral hygiene habits, which is helpful to reduce the risk of dental caries in children.
Characterization of a zoonotic rotavirus strain isolated from diarrheic rabbits
Authors: zhao qiaoya , Liu Liping , Huang Tao , Tian Ye , Guo Xiaozhen , Liu Cunxia , Huang Bing , Chen Qiusheng
Published: September 2022

Children and multiple species of domestic animals are susceptible to infection of group A rotaviruses (RVAs) that causes acute gastroenteritis. We isolated an RVA (Z3171) from diarrheic rabbits and characterized its whole-length genome and pathogenicity in rabbits. The genotype constellation of Z3171 was as follows: G3; P[22]; I2; R3; C3; M3; A9; N2; T1; E3; H3,which is different from the constellation observed in previously characterized LRV strains. The result showed that the NSP3 gene of Z3171 belonged to the T1 genotype and shared 96.2% nucleotide identities with other T1 human strain LL4260 circulating in the regions. However the genome of Z3171 differed substantially from that of the other rabbit rotavirus strains, N5 and Rab1404, in terms of both gene content and gene sequence, particularly the NSP5 gene. Our study shows a reassortment event between human and rabbit rotavirus strains, or there may be undetermined gene clusters circulating in the rabbit population. The isolated strain can cause diarrhea in Belgian rabbits in animal regression test. The infection rate was 100%, and the incidence rate was 80%. Further, we report the detection of G3P[22] RVA strain in rabbits from China for the first time.
Critical incidents during anesthesia: prospective cohort study
Authors: Bielka K. , Kuchyn I. , Frank M. , Sirenko I. , Yurovich A. , Slipuha D. , Lisnyy I. , Soliaryk S. , Posternak G.
Published: September 2022

Background: a critical incident reporting and analysis is one of the key components of patient safety in anesthesiology. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and characteristics of critical incidents during anesthesia, main causes and factors involved, influence on patients outcomes, prevalence of emergency notification and response systems.
Methods: A multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted at the clinical departments of Bogomolets National Medical University (postgraduate department of surgery, anesthesiology and intensive care)during the period from 1 June 2021 to 1December2021. 13 hospitals from different Ukraine regions took part in the study. The study design was approved by the Bogomolets National Medical University (NMU)ethics committee, protocol #148, 07.09.2021.
Results: The mean incidence of critical incidents during anesthesia in Ukraine was 0.94% (ranging from 0.04% to 3.4% on different sites). Most common incidents were related to the respiratory system: difficult airway (26.8%), reintubation (6.4%), oxygen desaturation (13.8%); cardiovascular system: hypotension (14.9%), tachycardia (6.4%), bradycardia(11.7%), hypertension (5.3%), collapse (3.2%); massive hemorrhage (17%).
Surprisingly emergency situations often occurred while treating patients considered low-risk as assessed by an anesthesiologist (ASA II – 57.4%) and during planned surgical interventions (63.2%). Among common reasons that could lead to the incident, the treating physicians have identified: individual patient features (47%), surgical tactics (18%), anesthesia (16%) and human factor (12%). The most frequent shortcomings of the patient management were: preoperative assessment (44%), incorrect interpretation of the patients’ state (33%), faulty manipulation technique (14%), miscommunication (13%) and delay in emergency care provision (10%). Furthermore, 48% of cases, as judged by participating physicians, were preventable and the consequences of another 18% could be minimized. The consequences of the emergency situations were insignificant in over a half of the cases, but in 24.5% have led to protracted hospital stay with 30 patients (16%) being urgently transferred to the ICU and 12 (6.5%) dying in the hospital.34.8% of reported incidents were not documented otherwise and 16.3% were not reported to the chief of department. The emergency situation was followed by a detailed examination within the department in 58.1% of cases with 6.5% resulting in a permanent policy change.
Conclusion: Critical incidents during anesthesia occur rather often and impact the treatment results significantly. Notification, registration and analysis of such incidents are not being performed systematically, which proves to be one of the major threats to patient safety during anesthesia.
Study registration: NCT05435287, clinicaltrials.gov, 28/06/2022
OR2H2 Activation Suppresses Cellular Senescence and Aging by Activating AMPK and Inducing Senolysis in VK2/E6E7 Cells
Authors: Kim Ji Min , Dziobaka Sina , Yoon Ye Eun , Lee Ha Lim , Jeong Ji Hyun , Lee In-Ryeong , Weidinger Daniel , Yang Changwon , Kim Deokho , Gulperi Yalcin , Lee Cheol-Koo , Sohn Jeongwon , Song Gwonhwa , Hatt Hanns , Lee Sung-Joon
Published: September 2022

Background
Olfactory receptors are expressed in multiple extra-nasal tissues and these ectopic olfactory receptors mediate tissue specific functions and regulate cellular physiology. Ectopic olfactory receptors may play key roles in tissues constantly exposed to odorants, thus functionality of these receptors in genital tissues are of particular interest. The functionality of ectopic olfactory receptors expressed in VK2/E6E7 human vaginal epithelial cells was investigated.
Results
OR2H2 was functionally expressed in VK2/E6E7 cells and activation of OR2H2 by aldehyde 13–13, a ligand of OR2H2, increased the intracellular calcium and cAMP concentrations. Immunoblotting demonstrated that activation of OR2H2 by aldehyde 13–13 stimulated the CAMKKβ-AMPK-mTOR-autophagy signaling axis, and that these effects were negated by OR2H2 knockdown. Autophagy activation suppressed aging and cellular senescence. Activation of OR2H2 by aldehyde 13–13 restored proliferation, reduced the expression of senescence markers, P16 and P19 in H2O2-induced senescent cells. Additionally, aldehyde 13–13 showed senolytic activity by predominantly inducing apoptosis of H2O2-induced senescent cells compared with non-senescent normal cells. In vivo, aldehyde 13–13 increased the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans and budding yeast.
Conclusions
These findings demonstrate that OR2H2 is a functional receptor in VK2/E6E7 cells and activation of OR2H2 activates AMPK-autophagy axis, suppresses cellular aging and senescence, thus may increase cellular lifespan.
Evaluation of the relationship between serum nitric oxide of patients with thyroid disorders and metabolic syndrome indices and nitrate concentration of consuming water in Shiraz: A case-control study
Authors: Jafari Shaghayegh , Dehghani Mansooreh , Ghaem Haleh , Soveid Mahmood , Hashemi Hasan
Published: September 2022

This case-control study aimed to assess the effect of drinking water nitrate on the serum nitric oxide concentration and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the population in the Middle East. The study included 50 control and 50 thyroid disorder cases who referred to two medical centers in 2021. In this study, serum nitric oxide concentration, drinking water nitrate, and metabolic syndrome components were measured in the two groups. The results showed there was a statistically significant difference between serum NO in the case and control groups (p-value < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between the concentration of nitrate in drinking water and serum nitric oxide in the case and control groups; however, this relationship was not significant statistically. A statistically significant difference was found between serum nitric oxide and systolic blood pressure in the cases (p-value < 0/05), but there was no significant difference between MetS and nitric oxide. Therefore, we concluded that the relationship between nitric oxide and nitrate in consuming water should be determined in thyroid patients. In addition to their water consumption, it is better to study the nitrate of foods, especially vegetables.
whole-exome sequencing identifies a set of genes as markers of early hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence
Authors: Lu Shichun , Shi Huizhong , Zhang Wenwen , Hu Bingyang , Wang Yafei , Zhang Ze , Mao Guankun , Li Chonghui , Sun Ying
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by a high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. In recent years, the therapeutic regimen of PD-1 antibody combined with multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (mTKIs) has achieved better results in the clinical application of hepatocellular carcinoma. Whole-exome sequencing can reflect the mutational characteristics of patients’ exons and guide the clinical selection of molecular targeting drugs more accurately, which is in line with the concept of precision medicine.
METHODS: We performed exome sequencing on 63 patients with HCC treated with radical surgery at our hospital and collected their clinical indexes and postoperative follow-up data. Using machine learning, a prediction model for recurrence within one year was constructed and the model was presented in a nomogram. Patients treated with PD-1 antibodies in combination with mTKIs after relapse were grouped by prognosis, and the valuable mutated genes were screened according to whole-exome sequencing data. The tumor tissue immune cells were analyzed using the UCSC Xena database. The expressions of target proteins were verified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) respectively on commercial HCC cell lines and pathological specimens of hepatocellular carcinoma collected clinically.
RESULTS: The proportion of patients who relapsed within a year was 41% and the prognosis of those patients was poor. The characteristic exon mutation profile with a high frequency of variants in multiple mucin genes was present in Chinese HCC patients. Multiple nidi and 30 exon variants were brought into the prediction model with an AUC=0.94. MUC6 gene mutation was obvious in patients with an early recurrence, and MUC3A and MUC4 gene mutations were evident in patients with poorer responses to PD-1 antibodies combined with mTKIs. Those three mucins were negatively correlated with immune infiltrating cells.
CONCLUSIONS: We depicted the exon characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma in the Chinese population and established a predictive model for recurrence within one year after radical surgical treatment. Moreover, we found that mucins were worthy targets of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Cell clustering in intervertebral disc degeneration:
An attempted repair mechanism aborted via apoptosis?
Authors: Lama Polly , Joshep Ben , Mutreja Pulkit , Adams Michael
Published: September 2022

Cell clusters are a histological hallmark feature of adversely loaded aging intervertebral discs. Clusters arising from cell proliferation are associated with replicative senescence, remain metabolically active and accumulate over time but their precise role in increasing grades of intervertebral disc degeneration remains obscure. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate small, medium, and large size cell-clusters during degeneration, or innate tissue repair response. For this purpose, human disc samples were collected from 55 subjects, aged 37-72 years, twenty-one patients had disc herniation, ten had degenerated non-herniated discs, and nine had degenerative scoliosis, spinal curvature < 45°. Fifteen non-degenerated control discs were collected from cadavers. To corelate, the influence of abnormal loading on clustering process, 18-month-old, 10 male and 10 female sprague dawley rat spines were compressed with a custom-built loading device to induce tissue damage and stimulate attempted repair response during sustained loading. Clusters and matrix changes were investigated with histology, immunohistochemistry, and SDS-PAGE. Data obtained were analyzed with spearman rank correlation and ANOVA. Results revealed, small and medium-sized clusters were positive for cell proliferation markers Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in control, slightly degenerated human, and rat discs loaded for <= 7 days. Large cell clusters were typically more abundant in severely degenerated and herniated human discs, and in rat discs loaded for <=30 days. Large clusters spatially associated with matrix fissures, proteoglycan loss, MMP-1, and caspase-3. Spatial associations findings were reconfirmed with SDS-PAGE that showed the presence of target molecular markers thorough its weight within the dense matrix. Caspase-3 activity amplified with sustained loading and were localised in larger clusters. Controls and slightly degenerated discs showed fewer cell clusters, less proteoglycan loss, MMP-1 and caspase 3 activity. In conclusion, this study provides the first direct evidence on cell clusters in the early stages of disc degeneration as indicative of a reparative phenotypes, however sustained physical loading, inflammatory catabolism alters cell metabolism facilitating formation of large clusters, thus attempted repair process fails and is aborted at least in part via apoptosis, which contributes towards further matrix dysregulation, and can perhaps be halted by senolytic drugs.
An Interpretable DIC Risk Prediction Model Based on Convolutional Neural Networks with Time Series Data
Authors: Yang Hao , Li Jiaxi , Liu Siru , Zhang Mengjiao , Liu Jialin
Published: September 2022

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a complex, life-threatening syndrome associated with the end-stage of different coagulation disorders. Early prediction of the risk of DIC development is an urgent clinical need to reduce adverse outcomes. In this study, we developed a novel interpretable deep learning based time series for predicting the risk of DIC. The study cohort included ICU patients from a 4,300-bed academic hospital between January 1, 2019, and January 1, 2022. Experimental results show that our model achieves excellent performance (AUC: 0.986, accuracy: 95.7%, and F1:0.935). We used Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) to explain how predictive models identify patients with DIC. The decision basis of the model was displayed in the form of a heat map. The model can be used for the early identification of high-risk patients with DIC, which will help in the early intervention of DIC patients and improve the treatment effect.
A new data-driven framework for prediction of molten pool evolution and lack of fusion defects in multi-track multi-layer laser powder bed fusion processes
Authors: Parsazadeh Mohammad , Wu Di , Sharma Shashank , Joshi Sameehan , Pantawane Mangesh V. , Dahotre Narendra B.
Published: September 2022

This study proposes a new data-driven approach to predict the area fraction of lack of fusion and morphology of 3D-printed parts produced using the laser powder bed fusion process. Different processing parameters were considered to develop this methodology, such as laser power, laser speed, hatch spacing, and layer thickness. Melt pool geometrical parameters were numerically predicted using a mathematical model optimized using the Nelder-Mead optimization method and a machine learning model. The Gaussian process was later employed to further modify the layerwise deposition. The accuracy of the proposed methodology was then extended to predictions of the area fraction of lack of fusion and the morphological aspects of the melt pools in 3D-printed parts by comparing them with the experimental observations. The results revealed that this data-driven approach, which is independent of the thermophysical properties of the material, is capable of reasonably predicting the area fraction of lack-of-fusion formed during materials deposition using the laser powder bed fusion process.
Comparative genomic analysis of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia unravels their genetic variations and versatility trait
Authors: Xu Yuanyuan , Cheng Tao , Rao Qingyan , Zhang Shuqi , MA YANLING
Published: September 2022

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a species with immensely broad phenotypic and genotypic diversity that could widely distribute in natural and clinical environments. However, little attention has been paid to reveal their genome plasticity to diverse environments. In the present study, a comparative genomic analysis of S. maltophilia isolated from clinical and natural sources was systematically explored its genetic diversity of 42 sequenced genomes. The results showed that S. maltophilia owned an open pan-genome and had strong adaptability to different environments. A total of 1612 core genes were existed with an average of 39.43% of each genome, and the shared core genes might be necessary to maintain the basic characteristics of those S. maltophilia strains. Based on the results of the phylogenetic tree, ANI value and the distribution of accessory genes, genes associated with the fundamental process of those strains from the same habitat were found to be mostly conserved in evolution. Isolates from the same habitat had a high degree of similarity in COG category, and the most significant KEGG pathways were mainly involved in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, indicating that genes related to essential processes were mostly conserved in evolution for the clinical and environmental settings. Meanwhile, the number of resistance and efflux pump gene was significantly higher in the clinical setting than that of in the environmental setting. Collectively, this study highlights the evolutionary relationships of S. maltophilia isolated from clinical and environmental sources, shedding new light on its genomic diversity.
Correlation analysis between soccer participation and liking or being proficient in it: A study with children and adolescents in China
Authors: Gao Yibo , Wang Huan , Wu Dongming , Deng Pengyu , Pan Xiang , Jiang Lupei , Zhang Yanfeng
Published: September 2022

Children's and adolescents' participation in soccer is low in all regions of China. To achieve coordinated development of soccer in all regions and contribute to a strong sports nation, this study aims to identify the factors that influence the participation of children and adolescents in soccer programs through a cross-sectional analysis of the "soccer population" of children and adolescents aged 7–18. A total of 38,258 children and adolescents aged 7–18 completed a questionnaire; children in the 7–9 age group were helped by their primary guardians. The questions concerned the family level, school level, community level, and individual level. The results showed that the area of the region and the average annual precipitation were correlated with the participation of children and adolescents in soccer programs. In addition, the percentage of children and adolescents participating in soccer programs was higher than the percentage of those who liked it and were proficient in it. Parental encouragement and support, as well as easy access, availability, and safety of sports facilities, are likely to promote children's and adolescents' participation in soccer programs.
Unsteady aerodynamic characteristics and dynamic performance of the high-speed train in plate braking under a crosswind
Authors: Lv Dazhou , Liu Yong , Zheng Qiyao , Zhang Lin , Niu Jiqiang
Published: September 2022

As one of the key technologies of the train, the braking system plays a vital role in ensuring the safe operation of the train. Plate braking has the characteristics that the higher the train speed, the better the braking effect, and it can be used as one of the options for emergency braking of the high-speed train. The dynamic grid technology is used to realize the plate movement, and the unsteady aerodynamic characteristic simulation of the train in plate braking process is realized based on the IDDES with SST k-w turbulence model. The formation and evolution of the flow field in the process of plate braking are analyzed by the visualization technology, and the influence law of plate opening on the aerodynamic forces of each car under the crosswind is explored. By loading the aerodynamic forces into the vehicle system dynamics model for calculation, the safety indexes (derailment coefficient and wheel load reduction rate) of the plate braking train under crosswind with different speeds are obtained. The results show that the rapid opening of the plate provides a large braking force for the train, but it destroys the stability of the flow field around the train, especially the flow field above the train, and the above phenomenon further aggravated by crosswind. The aerodynamic force distribution of each car in the train was significantly changed by crosswind, the proportion of the lateral force of the head car in the train is significantly increased, and the aerodynamic forces of each car were further increased by the opening of the plate. From the perspective of vehicle dynamics performance, with the increase of crosswind speed, the derailment coefficient and wheel load reduction rate of each car increase obviously, and even derailment and overturn occur. Under the crosswind, the dynamic performance of the head car is the worst, and it was further deteriorated by opening of the plate. The impact of the tail car is relatively small, and the dynamic performance of the head car can be used to evaluate the safety of the train. It is recommended to avoid opening the plate of the head car in strong crosswind.
Performance Analysis Between Dmrac and Pi Control Algorithms for Dc-dc Converter of Hybrid Energy Storage System in Electric Vehicle
Authors: Islam Maidul , Abdullah Muhammad , Farhana Alia , Ahmad Salmiah
Published: September 2022

This paper presents a performance comparison between Direct Model Reference Adaptive Control (DMRAC) with the conventional Proportional Integral (PI) control for the Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) power converter. It is well noted that the power converter of HEV is highly nonlinear due to the load demand variation and duty ratio changes in different driving modes. To cope with this issue, the nonlinear control approach of DMRAC is proposed as an alternative to the conventional linear PI control algorithm. The prime focus is to regulate the power distribution in the power converter system to track the load and current demand by the HEV. MATLAB Simulink toolbox is used to construct the system and simulate the responses of the two controllers. For regular operation, the results show that DMRAC outperform PI controller in tracking both current and load demands. While in the presence of disturbance, DMRAC can only show its efficacy in current demand tracking and requires some time to surpass the PI controller in tracking the load demand. The performances have been calculated based on the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). Based on the finding, it can be proved that the DMRAC can become a good alternative to control the power of HEV through power converters, especially when there is a variation in the demanded current.