bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Analysis of Kaolinite Intercalated by Potassium Acetate
Authors: Du Xiao Man , Liu Qin Fu , Cheng Hong Fei
Published: November 2010

The kaolinite-potassium acetate composite was prepared by the immersion method. The intercalation composites were characterized by means of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformation infrared (FT-IR) and High-resolution thermogravimetric analysis (HRTG). The results of XRD show that the intercalation of kaolinite by potassium acetate causes an increase of the basal spacing from 0.718 to 1.42nm. Thermal analysis shows the dehydroxylation of kaolinite decreased from 464 °C to 459.5 °C after intercalation of potassium acetate and three endotherms at 280, 323 and 459.5 °C attributed to the loss of water in the composite, potassium acetate and hydroxyl in the composite.
Study on Factors Impact on Performance of Ceramisite Made of Shale and Sludge
Authors: Wu Fu Zhong , Wang Wen Hao
Published: November 2010

This experiment used shale and sludge containing water as main raw materials combining with cow dung to manufacture a new kind of ceramisite. In this paper we mainly study the influence of addictive –cow dung, preheating system and roasting system on the properties of ceramisite such as multiple expansion, apparent density, bulk density and water absorption etc.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Mo(VI) Extraction with Trialkyl Amine Using a Constant Interfacial Cell with Laminar Flow
Authors: Jiang Ke Xu , Xiong Ying , Wang Xiao Feng , Zhai Yu Chun
Published: November 2010

The extraction kinetics of molybdenum(VI) with trialkyl amine (N235, R3N, R = C8–C10) dissolved in heptane has been investigated by constant interfacial cell with laminar flow. The stiochiometry and the equilibrium constant of the extracted complex formation reaction between Mo(VI) and N235 are determined. The influences of stirring speed, temperature, concentrations of extractant and chlorine on the extraction rate has been studied. It can be concluded that the mass transfer process is a mixed chemical reaction - diffusion controlled. The extraction rate equations and the rate-determining step have been obtained under the experimental conditions by predictions derived from interfacial reaction models. Based on the approximate solutions of the flux equation, diffusion parameters and thickness of the diffusion film have been calculated.
Mesoporous Carbon with CNT Skeleton and their Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Chen Yu Tao , Chen Xiao Hua , Yi Bin , Guo Kai Min , Chen Yun Fei , Zeng Bin , Yan Hai Mei
Published: November 2010

A kind of Carbon nanotube-implanted mesoporous carbon sphere (CNTs-MCS) is successfully prepared by a facile polymerization-induced colloid aggregation method using gelatin as a soft template. SEM, TEM, BET measurement and BJH method reveal that the obtained CNTs-MCS possess a mesoporous character, with specific surface area (284 m2•g-1) and uniform pore size of 3.9 nm. As the electrode material for supercapacitor in 6 mol•L-1 KOH, a low equivalent series resistance of 0.9 Ω cm2 and a maximum specific capacitance of 189 F•g-1 with a measured power density of 8 kW•kg-1 at energy density of 26.3 Wh•kg-1 are obtained.
Synthesis and Characterization of Gomuti-Graft-Polyacrylamide Flocculants
Authors: Xie Yue Sheng , Wang Wei , Li Wei
Published: November 2010

The copolymerization reaction between gomuti starch and acrylamide was initiated using (NH4)2S2O8 as initiator under microwaves heating at 60~80 . The analysis of the Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy showed that the product is gomuti-graft-polyacrylamide. The productivity of graft copolymer and the conversion rate of acrylamide vary with the weight ratio of acrylamide and gomuti starch (AM/GOM). They reach maximum value when AM/GOM≈2.5. The flocculating test showed that in water of yellow mud , the turbidity removal rate of gomuti-graft-polyacrylamide is better than that of polyacrylamide.
Flexural Vibration in a Ternary Locally Resonant Phononic Crystal Thin Plate with Defects
Authors: Yao Zong Jian , Yu Gui Lan , Wang Yue Sheng , Li Jian Bao
Published: November 2010

The improved supercell plane wave expansion method is applied to theoretically study the propagation of flexural waves in a ternary locally resonant phononic crystal thin plate with a point defect and linear defects. The thin concrete plate composed of a square array of steel cylinders hemmed around by rubber is considered here. Absolute band gaps in low frequency are obtained. For the point defect, the defect mode is localized around the defect, and the magnitude of the resonant defect mode is strongly dependent on the defect filling fraction, mass density and Young’s modulus of the defect cylinder. For the straight linear defects, several resonant linear defect bands appear inside the absolute band gap. And the displacement distributions show that the flexural waves could well propagate along the linear defects.
Effect of RE on the Mechanical Properties of 7075 Al Alloy
Authors: Zhong Jian Hua , Feng Kai , Zhu Hong Bin , Xiao Yin Ping
Published: November 2010

We set 7075 Al alloy as the object of study,expecting to optimize alloy formula and find the optimal dosage of rare earth in order to improve its mechanical properties by adding different percentages of the rare earth elements,the results show that:When the rare earth content reaches 0.3%,with the two-stage aging treatment,7075 Al alloy′s tensile strength comes to 420.76MPa and elongation comes to 16.80%.Compared with the exclusing rare earth group,7075 Al alloys′ tensile strength increased about 8.4% and elongation only falls by 2.3%, so the mechanical performance is the best.
Study on Choice of Reference Planes for 3D Machined Surface Roughness of SiCp/Al Composites during High Speed Milling Process
Authors: Wang Yang Jun , Zhou Ming , Zhang Yuan Jing
Published: November 2010

This paper presents an experimental study in high speed milling of SiCp/Al composites. Machining tests were carried out on a high speed milling machine by using chemical vapour deposition (CVD) diamond coated tools. The surface micro-topography was tested by the OLS3000 Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope. The Gaussian filtering method and the least square fitting method were used to treat the measured results. Two methods are compared according to the effect on keeping important original surface’s character. The results showed that the least square fitting method is suitable due to its good accordance to the original surface’s character.
Microstructure and Properties of Fe/Al2O3 Gradient Coatings on Steel Substrate
Authors: Liu Jian Fei , Wang Zhi , Ding Yin Sen , Shi Guo Pu
Published: November 2010

The composites of Fe/Al2O3 gradient coatings on steel substrate were prepared by spraying and sol-gel method, and the microstructure and performances of the composites were analyzed. The results show that the adhesion strength of Fe/Al2O3 gradient coatings with FeAlNi transitional layers reaches 25.3MPa when the sintering temperature is 1220°C, and the surface hardness of coatings is four times higher than that of steel substrate. The coatings are mainly composed of α-Al2O3, AlFeO3 and NiFe2O4. There is no obvious hole or macro-interface, while some organization similar to the branch appears in the coatings. The bonding of Fe/Al2O3 gradient coatings and steel substrate mainly depends on adsorption, diffusion and chemical combination.
Creep Modeling for Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Members Compressed with a Large Eccentricity
Authors: Han Bing , Wang Qian , Wang Yuan Feng
Published: November 2010

Based on concrete creep calculation model B3 and mechanical characteristics of concrete-filled steel tube (CFT) beam-column members of large eccentricity, a creep calculation model of CFT beam-column members of large eccentricity is constructed, which accords with mechanisms of concrete creep, and creep characteristics of concrete core of CFT beam-column members of large eccentricity have been taken into account. The model is verified against previous creep experiments for CFT beam-column specimens, by changing model B3 for ACI209, CEB90, GL2000 model, elastic continuation and plastic flow theory. The results show that introduction of model B3 to predicting creep of CFT beam-column members with a large eccentricity is necessary. Using the model, a study is then carried out on the effects of practical design parameters, such as concrete mix (e.g. water to cement ratio ( ), aggregate to cement ratio ( )), steel ratio and eccentricity ratio, on creep of CFT beam-column members with a large eccentricity.
Experimental Study on Flexural Fatigue Property of Ultra-High Toughness Cementitious Composites
Authors: Xu Shi Lang , Liu Wen
Published: November 2010

This paper presents an experimental study on the flexural fatigue characteristics of Ultra-High Toughness Cementitious Composites (UHTCC), in contrast with plain concrete and Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) which have similar compressive strength. The results show that UHTCC improves fatigue life and exhibits a bi-linear fatigue stress-life relationship. The deflection ability, failure characteristics of UHTCC were investigated in the tests. It was observed that, similar to static loading situation, multiple cracks were formed under fatigue loading, while the number of cracks decreased with the degradation of stress levels. For this reason, the deformability is much weaker at lower fatigue stress levels than that at higher stress levels. Moreover, the failure section is divided into three different districts, and the proportion of fiber rupture to fiber pullout is different under different stress levels.
Preparation and Electrochemical Performance of SnO2/Graphite/Carbon Nanotube Composite Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Cheng Zhao , Zhang Guo Qing , Zhang Lei , Ma Li
Published: November 2010

A composite anode material of SnO2/graphite(GT)/carbon nanotube(CNT) for lithium-ion batteries was prepared by ball milling. It was observed that SnO2 particles were homogeneously embedded into the buffering matrix of graphite particles. This composite anode material showed an increased initial coulombic efficiencies of 56% in the first cycle, and after 25 charge–discharge cycles, a reversible capacity of 431 mAh/g was obtained, much higher than 282 mAh/g of SnO2/GT composite and 177 mAh/g of pure SnO2. The improvement in the electrochemical properties of the composite anode materials was mainly attributed to good electric conductivity of the CNT network and the excellent resiliency.
Influence of Substrate Temperature on Silicon Nitride Films Deposited by R.F. Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Gao Feng , Zhao Qing Nan , Zhao Xiu Jian , Dong Yu Hong
Published: November 2010

Silicon Nitride thin films were deposited on glass substrates by r.f. magnetron sputtering with a mixture gas of N2 and Ar. The properties of the thin films vs substrate temperature have been investigated. The phase structure, surface morphology, chemical composition, thickness and optical properties of the films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and nkd-system spectrophotometer. The results show that the films appear amorphous and crystalline structure at the substrate temperature of 20 and 300 , respectively, the atomic ratio of Si to N of the films is nearly 1:1, the transmittance in the ultraviolet-visible region is above 75%; with increasing substrate temperature the refractive index and the optical band gap increase, and the deposition rates of the films decreases.
Effect of Beeswax on Functional and Structural Properties of Soy Protein Isolate Films
Authors: Li Xi Hong , Guo Kuan , Zhao Xiao Yan
Published: November 2010

This paper explains and demonstrates the effects of beeswax on functional and structural properties of soy protein isolate films, containing different glycerol. The results showed that percentage elongation at break, water vapor permeability, and transparency of soy protein isolate films decreased when the beeswax content increased, but tensile strength and oxygen permeability increased. The higher the glycerol content, the higher the film water vapor permeability, oxygen permeability, and transparency. The results of differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy suggested that beeswax cross-linked with soy protein isolate molecules via connecting with glycerol, composed the film matrix.
The Relationship between Residual Stress and Resistivity of Au/NiCr/Ta Multi-Layered Metallic Films by Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Tang Wu , Wang Xue Hui , Chao Yi Peng , Xu Ke Wei
Published: November 2010

Au/NiCr/Ta multi-layered metallic films were deposited on Al2O3 substrate by magnetron sputtering at different substrate temperature. The effect of substrate temperature on magnetron sputtering Au/NiCr/Ta films in crystal orientation, residual stress and resistivity was investigated. The all magnetron sputtering films were highly textured with dominant Au-(111) orientation or a mixture of Au-(111) and Au-(200) orientation. The residual stress in magnetron sputtering films at different substrate temperature was tensile stress with 155MPa-400MPa. A smallest resistivity of 3.6µΩ.cm was obtained for Au/NiCr/Ta multi-layered metallic films at substrate temperature 180°C. The experiment results reveal that the resistivity increased with the increase of the residual stress of metallic films.
HDPE/UHMWPE Blown Films Modified by POE and CaCO3
Authors: Zuo Jian Dong , Liu Shu Mei
Published: November 2010

Ethylene-Octane copolymer (POE) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) were used to improve the mechanical properties of HDPE/UHMWPE films and the effects of POE and CaCO3 content on the mechanical properties, melting curves and crystallization morphology of the blends were discussed. The results showed that adding 10wt% POE and 5wt% CaCO3 into the HDPE/UHMWPE blends simultaneously improved the toughness and stiffness of the film. The data from DSC revealed that POE retarded the growing of the crystal region while CaCO3 had the nucleation affect. The micrograph of the blends observed by polarized light microscope (PLM) confirms this deduction.
Cure and Dynamic-Mechanical Behaviors of Vinyl Ester Resinfilled with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Chen Hong Yan , Kong Zhen Xing , Wang Ji Hui
Published: November 2010

The cure kinetics of Derakane 411-350, a kind of vinyl ester resin, and its suspensions containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes( MWCNTs) were investigated via non-isothermal dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. The results showed that incorporation of MWCNTs into vinyl ester resin excessively reduces polymerization degree and crosslinking density of vinyl ester resin. For suppressing the negative effect caused by nanotubes, the higher temperature initiator combined with the initiator MEKP was used. Dynamic-mechanical Behavior testing was then carried out on the cured sample in order to relate the curing behavior of MWCNTs modified resin suspensions to mechanical response of their resulting nanocomposites. It was revealed that nanocomposites containing MWCNTs possessed larger storage modulus values as well as higher glass transition temperatures (Tg) as compared to those without MWCNTs after using mixed intiators system to improve the degree of cure.
Nondestructive Testing of Mechanical Properties of Pine Laminated Veneer Lumber
Authors: Xue Bing , Hu Ying Cheng
Published: November 2010

Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) panels made from pine (Pinus sylvestris L. Var. mongolica Litven.) veneers were tested for mechanical properties and prediction models in this study. Three different nondestructive testing (NDT) methods and the static bending test were conducted on the LVL. The NDT methods included the longitudinal vibration method, longitudinal transmission method and flexural vibration method. The effects of veneer thickness on the dynamic Young’s modulus and the modulus of elasticity (MOE) of pine LVL with vertical load were investigated. There were four variety thickness veneers including 2.2 mm, 2.6 mm, 3.0 mm and 3.4 mm. The results showed that the dynamic Young’s modulus and MOE of LVL diminished with the increase of veneer thickness, there was a strong linearity correlation between each dynamic Young’s modulus and the static MOE, and the prediction models of mechanical properties can be used to predict MOE of pine LVL.
Effect of Gd Substitution on the Dielectric Properties and Magnetoelectric Effect of BiFeO3
Authors: Song Gui Lin , Wang Tian Xing , Xia Cun Jun , Li Chao , Chang Fang Gao
Published: November 2010

Multiferroic Bi1-xGdxFeO3(x=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2) ceramics were prepared by conventional solid state reaction method. For all the samples prepared, they exhibit magnetoelectric effect at room temperature, and the dielectric constant and dielectric loss decrease with increasing frequency in the range from 10000Hz to 1 MHz from a typical orientational dielectric relaxation process. It has been found that both dielectric constant and dielectric loss are strongly dependent on the Gd3+ content. And substitution of Bi with rare earth Gd helps to eliminate the impurity phase in BiFeO3 ceramics.,
Synthesis and Thermal Property of Poly(Allylamine Hydrochloride)
Authors: Zhao Hong Chi , Wu Xiu Ting , Tian Wei Wei , Ren Shi Tong
Published: November 2010

Poly(allylamine phosphate) (PAP) was synthesized by solution polymerization using allylamine phosphate (AP) as monomer, 2,2’-azo-bis-2-amidinopropane dihydrochloride (AAP•2HCl) as initiator, respectively. PAP reacted with concentrated hydrochloric acid and it converted into poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH). The effects of varying the concentrations of initiator and monomer on the polymerization conversion were investigated in detail. The chemical structure and thermal property of the polymer were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (NMR), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), X-ray diffractmeter (XRD), respectively. PAH was prepared because of the disappearance of the stretching vibration absorption peaks and deformation vibration absorption peak of C-H bonds in -C=CH2 at 3020cm-1, 3085cm-1 and 1310cm-1 in the FTIR spectra. The three peak areas and their chemical shifts were consistent with the three kinds of hydrogen atoms in polymer formula in 1H NMR spectrum, which proved that PAH was synthesized. PAH had three decomposing stages and it decomposed completely at 700oC. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of PAH increased with decreasing concentration of initiator. The conversion of monomer increased with the increasing concentrations of initiator and monomer.
Research on the Strength Properties of the Magnesium Phosphate Cement (MPC) under the Sub-Zero Temperature Environment
Authors: Wang Hong Tao , Xue Ming , Cao Ju Hui
Published: November 2010

In this paper, the strength characteristics of magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) under the sub-zero temperature environment had been researched, the main factors of the strength development had been analyzed. The results show that: the MPC has high early strength under the sub-zero temperature environment, but the compressive strength dropped as the temperature decreased. The way of pre-curing the MPC for 30min at 20 could improve the strength of the MPC significantly. The strength of the MPC is influenced greatly by water-cement ratio under the sub-zero temperature environment, and the amount of the mixing water should be controlled strictly.
Processing Parameter Optimization of Flax Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composite
Authors: Zhang Jie , Li Sha , Qian Xiao Ming
Published: November 2010

Fiber reinforced composites have been an important way to utilize agriculture plant fibers. Flax fiber is plant fiber and strong, biodegradable, anti-fungi and bacterial. Flax fiber reinforced PP fiberboard is thermoplastic with the advantages of low density, low cost, low energy consumption, and recyclable. The influences of flax / PP fiber blending ratio, molding temperature, molding time on the mechanical properties of flax / PP board were carefully investigated. After mathematical manipulations and experimental validation, it was found that the thermoplastic composite board had maximum tensile and bending strengths when the flax fibers were at 50% of the total weight, the molding temperature was 181 ， and the molding time was 48 minutes.
Effect of Ni2+ on Chromium Electrodeposition in Cr(III) Plating Bath
Authors: He Xiang Zhu , Zhou Xin Li , Zhang Xiao Wei
Published: November 2010

A small amount of nickel ions is added to trivalent chromium chloride plating bath to study effect of Ni ions on trivalent chromium electrodeposition. The obtained Cr-Ni alloy coatings and Cr coatings are characterized by means of EDS and SEM. Cathodic polarization curves of trivalent chromium chloride plating bath show that right amount of Ni ions contained in bath make the LSV more positive, exerting a catalytic effect on electrodeposition of Cr ( ) ions. EDS results of the obtained coatings also demonstrate the catalytic effect of Ni ions on trivalent chromium electrodeposition. Analysis of SEM indicate that the surface morphology of coatings obtained from Cr( ) bath containing 0.03g/L Ni2+ bath are similar to the ones obtained from pure Cr( ) ions bath.
Combustion Synthesis of TiC-Fe Coating on Surface of a Plane Iron
Authors: Zhao Hong , Wang Zhi , Shi Guo Dong
Published: November 2010

The dense TiC-Fe coating was fabricated by combustion synthesis on surface of a plane iron, and the phase composition of the TiC-Fe coating was determined by X-ray diffraction. The predominant TiC and a small quantity of α-Fe phases without others phases in an XRD spectrum were observed, indicating that chemical reaction was complete. The microstructure of TiC-Fe coating on surface of a plane iron is characterized by the grey TiC particles and white Fe phase, and the grey TiC particles appeared to be uniformly dispersed in the white Fe matrix. The increase in hardness and bond strength is due to the formation of the TiC phase.
Properties of Lightweight Concrete Masonry Units Made from Lightweight Aggregates
Authors: Tang Chao Wei , Fan Kuo Haung , Tsai Wen Po , Chen How Ji
Published: November 2010

In the paper the properties of concrete masonry unit (CMU) made from sedimentary lightweight aggregate (LWA) were investigated. The main variables include water to cementitious material ratio (W/CM), filling ratio of paste or mortar in voids between coarse aggregate particles (Fv), filling ratio of sand in mortar (Fm), and cement replacement level by slag (Sc). Test results of representative CMU specimens show that unit weight ranged from 1585 to 1743 kg/m3, which was 30-25% lower than that for a normal weight CMU (2300 kg/m3); compressive strengths ranged from 8.4 to 18.7 MPa; water absorption was found to vary between 0.05 to 0.13 g/cm3; and thermal conductivity ranged from 0.27 to 0.41 W/mK. The research findings demonstrate that the use of sedimentary LWA as coarse aggregate in various concrete mixtures could produce high performance lightweight CMU, which comply with the requirements of Chinese National Standards (CNS) standards.
Preparing and Characterization of the Geopolymer Based on Desulfurization Ash and Fly Ash
Authors: Xie Ji Xing , Chen Jun Jing , Xu Jian Zhong
Published: November 2010

The desulfurization ash, fly ash and metakaolin were uesd to prepare the geopolymer. Compressive strength test demonstrated that the optimum mass ratio of desulfurization ash, fly ash and metakaolin was 30:55:10 and the max strength reached 17.3 MPa. The XRD and SEM show that there is not new crystalline phase. The main crystalline phase of the matrix is non-reacted mullite in the fly ash. It was suggested that the emission of CO2 and SO2 were rehabited from geopolymer by analysis of those compositions volatilizing using TG/MS.
Reaction Behavior between Li and NiO Thin Film by EIS
Authors: Cai Yu , Wu Zhao Yang , Zhao Sheng Li , Zhu Ji Ne
Published: November 2010

The variation of impedance property during the 1st charge/discharge course was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that the proposed equivalent circuit of RS(Qdl(RCtZW))(QSEIRSEI) perfectly simulating the EIS measurement data and all the errors less than 5% can reasonably explain the course of the reaction between Li and NiO electrode. The SEI film which distinctly influences the electrochemical performance of lithium ion battery is free at open circuit voltage. It begins to slowly grow at polarization voltage of 1.5V and completely forms at 0.3V in the 1st discharge. To react further with NiO, the Li+ must pass through SEI film and generate the fine grains Ni and amorphous Li2O matrix. SEI film partially decomposes and the NiO and Li are formed by reversible reaction of Ni and Li2O in the charge course.
Research on Structure Stress Analysis on Composite by Lock-In Thermography
Authors: Liu Xun , Liu Jun Yan , Dai Jing Min
Published: November 2010

The application of thermoelastic stress analysis in composite materials is particularly complicated because of the anisotropy of the material, which determines the thermoelastic effect to be depended on the material property and mechanical performance. This paper describes a theoretical and experimental analysis on full-filed stress distribution from thermoelastic measurements and its application to determination of stress concentration. The sum of the principal stress can be measured by Thermal Stress Analysis (TSA). Lock-in Thermography has been applied to measure the sum of principal stress distribution of component structure by its high thermal resolving. In this study, Experiments were carried out with GFRP composite ply and foam materials under cyclic load. The thermoelastic constant is obtained for GFRP and foam composite materials. The stress concentration is analyzed for a specimen with a hole. The experimental results show the stress distribution can be measured and analyzed using Lock-in thermography. It is found that the composite material structure stress can be evaluated with good accuracies by lock in thermography.
Modification of Grooved Paulownia Wood Sandwich
Authors: Wan Li , Liu Wei Qing , Fang Hai
Published: November 2010

Interlaminar behavior of paulownia wood sandwich can be enhanced by grooves arranged on the surface of the paulownia wood core. Three kinds of silane coupling agents are used by three different ways in order to improve the interface furtherly. All the specimens are manufactured by VARIM process. DCB method is used to measure the interlaminar energy release ratio(ERR) between the face sheet and paulownia wood core. By comparing the ERRs, the way that core surface pretreated by agent-added resins gets the most effective improvement. By analyzing the component of the ERRs, the improvement mostly comes from the interfaces of glass fibers and vinyl resins left in the grooves. The adhesion of the vinyl resin and paulownia wood gets little benefit from the coupling agents.
Degradation of Orange IV Dye Solution Catalyzed by PVDF/ Fe3+/Cu2+ Membrane in the Presence of H2O2
Authors: Zhang Ying Jie , Li Li , Zhang Li , Ma Jun
Published: November 2010

A new kind of PVDF/Fe3+/Cu2+ catalytic membrane was prepared and used as a heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst to degrade Orange IV in the presence of H2O2. The effect of initial concentration of H2O2 and Orange IV, initial pH, reaction temperature and catalyst dosage on the reaction rate was studied. The results show that the higher the concentration of H2O2, the faster the reaction rate is. The reaction rate increased with the increase of temperature with the activation energy 30.18KJ•mol-1. The PVDF/Fe3+/Cu2+ catalytic membrane can effectively decolorize Orange IV in the pH range of 3.1-5.3. The decolorization rate of Orange IV decreased with the increase of initial concentration of Orange IV. The decolorization rate of Orange IV increased with the increase of dosage of catalyst. The reactive intermediates for this reaction is HO• based on t-butanol experiments.
Degradation of Orange IV Dye Solution Catalyzed by PVDF/Fe3+-TiO2 Catalytic Membrane in the Presence of H2O2
Authors: Zhang Ying Jie , Zhang Li , Ma Xiao Fei , Li Li , Ma Jun
Published: November 2010

A new heterogeneous PVDF/Fe3+-TiO2 catalytic membrane is prepared by sol-gel method, which had a well catalytic activity to decompose H2O2. The effect of initial pH, e initial concentration of H2O2 and Orange IV, temperature, and membrane area on the reaction rate is discussed. The PVDF/Fe3+-TiO2 catalytic membrane can effectively decolorize Orange IV in the pH range of 3.0-5.0. The optimal concentration of H2O2 is 15mmol/L. The reaction rate constant is proportional to the initial concentrations of Orange IV. The higher the temperature, the faster the reaction rate is, this reaction follows pseudo-first-order kinetics with activation energy of 1.54kJ/mol. Reuse of catalyst did not decrease the removal rate of Orange IV. The experiments of t-butanol, EDTA and XPS measurement showed that •OH, the electron hole and the ferryl are all the reactive species in the degradation of Orange IV.
Research on Sodium Citrate for Pulse Electrodeposition ZnSe Thin Films
Authors: Zhang Cheng Guang , Yang Xue Ling , Miao Juan
Published: November 2010

The principle, of which the ZnSe thin films are co-deposited in the ZnSO4 and Na2SeO3 acidic solution by electrochemistry, is explained by the electrode-solution interface action model. The current density and the duty cycle of the pulse current promote the diffusion of solution and affect the co-deposition of the ZnSe films. The ZnSe thin films are pulse electrodeposited in zinc sulfate, selenite sodium and sodium citrate acidic solution. The sodium citrate, which is one kind of complex agent, simultaneous also one kind of buffer agent and has certain buffer action, would affect the quality of the ZnSe films. Finally, the ZnSe films have been characterized by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the energy dispersion analysis of X-ray (EDAX).
Research on the Dissolving Character of Active Si/Al in Fly Ash Activated by Alkali
Authors: Li Hui , Shi Shi , Xu De Long , Zhuge Li Jun , Zhang Le Le
Published: November 2010

This paper investigated the influence of activator concentration, reaction time and fineness of fly ash on the dissolving character of the active Si/Al in fly ash activated by alkali. The results indicated that with the increase of the NaOH solution concentration, the dissolving percentage of active Si/Al in the fly ash went up. The finer the fly ash particles were, the higher dissolving percentage of active Si/Al was obtained. Under strong basic (2M NaOH solution) and boiling condition, the reaction time of active Si/Al dissolving was short and less than 10 minutes. The content of vitreous phase contributed to the content of active components. Active Si existed in the state of Q0 unit which presented an isolated silicon-oxide tetrahedron in fly ash, and active Al exhibited as Al[OSi]3 and Al[OSi]4 units in 4 coordinate. As the fly ash was activated by alkali, smooth shell of fly ash was gradually corroded by NaOH solution, glass phase was dissolved and crystal phase was exposed to the outside.
Study on Friction Properties of Cu-Fe-Based Powder Metallurgy Materials under Dry and Wet Friction Conditions
Authors: Fu Rong , Gao Fei , Song Bao Yun
Published: November 2010

Copper-iron-based friction materials were prepared by powder metallurgy process. The effects of friction velocity and friction pressure on friction and wear behavior of the material under dry and wet friction conditions were investigated with a constant-speed friction machine. The results show that, at low speed friction, the dry friction coefficient is higher than wet friction coefficient and the friction coefficient increases with increasing friction pressure. The reason is that the water film plays an important role in cleaning and lubricating. At high speed friction, there is not much difference between dry and wet friction coefficients and the friction coefficient is not sensitive to friction pressure changes. This is due to the metal matrix high-temperature softening, caused by high speed friction, which controls the friction properties.
Dynamic Behavior and Stability of Prestressed Arch-Supported Reticulate Shell Structure
Authors: Dong Jian Tao , Zhao Jun , Shi Kai
Published: November 2010

As a new long-span space system, the prestressed arch-supported reticulate shell structure performs the advantages of reticulated shell and prestressed structure. The construction process, large span/depth ratio and small critical load of long-span space structure, can lead to obvious stress excess of tensile steel, especially when prestressed arches are used in truss arch and reticulated shell combined structure. However, no research was conducted on how the residual stress in the steel affects the structure stability. Thus, the dynamic behavior of some actual structure is simulated numerically through modal analysis by ANSYS in this paper. The results show that, for prestressed arch-supported reticulate shell structure, the vibration frequency increases with the whole stiffness, and the prestress can improve obviously the buckling ultimate load. There is great difference in vibration modes for different structure styles. This kind of hybrid structure conducts good whole performance, and may be used widely in the near future.
Preliminary Study on Natural Villous Bamboo Fiber Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF)
Authors: Yao Wen Bin , Jiang Kong Ming
Published: November 2010

The natural villous bamboo fiber is a kind of debris that product in the process of natural bamboo fiber production. Using villous bamboo fiber to product MDF, bamboo resources can be fully used, and this can perfect the natural bamboo fiber production chain. For determining the optimum technological parameters of villous bamboo fiber MDF, the relationship between the technological parameters and the performances are discussed in this paper. By comparing the GB/T11718-1999 MDF standards, we found the villous bamboo fiber MDF with optimum technological parameters that cost is low, performance is moderate. It’s in line with the requirements of large-scale production.
Study on the Morphology and Properties of Nylon11/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites
Authors: Li Ying Chun , Huo Guo Sheng , He Bin
Published: November 2010

nylon 11 nanocomposites with different montmorillonite loadings were successfully prepared by melt compounding. XRD and TEM show the exfoliated nanocomposites are formed at low montmorillonite concentration(less than 2wt%) and the intercalated nanocomposites are obtained at higher montmorillonite contents. TGA shows that the thermal stability of the nanocomposites is improved by 27°C when the montmorillonite content is only 2wt%. Mechanical testing shows that the Izod impact strength of all nanocomposites are higher than that of the neat nylon 11, but the tensile strength of the nanocomposites decrease at low nanofiller concentrations (less than 8wt%) and than increased, when the montmorillonite content is 10wt% ,the tensile strength of the nanocomposite is 5% improved than neat nylon 11. This is may be due to the strong interaction between the nylon 11 matrix and the montmorillonite interface.
Ductility Evaluation of Reinforced UHTCC Structural Members
Authors: Zhang Xiu Fang , Xu Shi Lang
Published: November 2010

Ultra-high toughness cementitious composite (UHTCC) is a PVA fiber reinforced cementitious composite. Tensile strain hardening behavior with ultimate tensile strain of more 3% under direct tensile loading is one of its important characteristics. In the current article, nine simply-supported reinforced UHTCC beams were subjected to four-point bending loading to experimentally investigate the influence of ductile deformation behavior of UHTCC on ductility capacity of reinforced structural members. Ductility index is determined by adopting three different parameters, i.e., deformation capacity, energy dissipation capacity as well as curvature capacity. The effect of longitudinal tensile reinforcement ratios on the variation of ductility in UHTCC reinforced beams was examined. It was found from the experimental results that the combination of ductile matrix (UHTCC) and steel bar prevents from occurrence of localized cracks in pure bending zone, showing high damage tolerance and ductile failure behavior. The results also show that as longitudinal tensile reinforcement ratio increases, deformation ductility and curvature ductility both exponentially decrease while a small reduction is demonstrated for energy ductility at ultimate failure.
Effect of Substituents and Solvents on Phenol-Isocyanate Urethane Reaction
Authors: Yang Peng Fei , Han Yong De , Li Tian Duo
Published: November 2010

In this study, the urethane reaction of several phenols with isocyanate was monitored with in-situ FT-IR. Reaction rate constants were calculated out to investigate the effect of substituents in phenols, as well as the polarity of different solvents. It showed that the polarity of solvents largely affected the reaction rate even without catalyst. The reactivity increased in the following order: Xylene < 1,4-Dioxane < Cyclohexanone. Furthermore, an electron-withdrawing substituent in phenols increased the reactivity of hydroxyl with isocyanate. The reason may be that the H-O bond in phenols could be easily polarized under the influence of electron-withdrawing substituent, where the hydrogen atom was more likely to attack the nitrogen atom of -NCO, thus the nucleophilic addition happened easier.
Compressive Buckling of Composite Plates with a Delamination
Authors: Kang Chao , Han Zhi Jun , Lu Guo Yun , Zhang Shan Yuan
Published: November 2010

Compressive buckling of laminate plates with a delamination are simulated using ABAQUS 6.8 software. Effects of sizes, positions, asymmetric and shapes of delamination on the compressive buckling are investigated without the consideration of delamination growth and contact. The results indicate the sizes, positions, asymmetric and shapes of delamination have an important influence on compressive buckling.
Parameter Determination of Discrete Element Model of Conditioned Soil by Genetic Neural Network
Authors: Wu Li , Guan Tian Min , Qu Fu Zheng , Li Shou Ju
Published: November 2010

The inversion method combining the genetic neural network and the discrete element simulation of triaxial tests is firstly described for determining the discrete element model parameters of the conditioned soil. The purpose is to make the error of the simulation curves and the laboratory curves of the triaxial test minimum. The solve approach is the parameters identification based on the genetic neural network. The network training sample is provided by the discrete element simulation. The input sample is the simulation curves of triaxial test, and the output sample is the model parameters. The laboratory triaxial test curves of the conditioned soil are used to determine its model parameters. The simulation curves calculated with the inversed parameters match the laboratory curves well, which illustrate that the discrete element model can accurately predict the deformation characteristics and flow patterns of conditioned soils.
Improving the Performance of Intumescent Flame Retarded Polypropylene with Nano-ZrO2
Authors: Wang Xin Long , Wu Liang Hu
Published: November 2010

Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) and pentaerythritol(PTL) were used as intumescent flame retardants to improve the flame retardance of polypropylene(PP). As a synergistic agent, nano-ZrO2 was incorporated into the composites at different proportions. The synergistic effects of nano-ZrO2 were studied by cone calorimeter tests and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), it was evident that nano-ZrO2 efficiently promoted the formation of charred layers with phosphocarbonaceous structures and enhanced the flame retardance of the composites.
Preparation and Application of Hybrid SBS Bipolar Membrane in Electro-Generation of HPAc and Succinic Acid
Authors: Huang Xue Hong , Ke Sheng Bo , Ding Fu Chuan , Zhao Yue , Chen Zhen
Published: November 2010

The hybrid SBS-g-(DMAEMA-SiO2)/SBS-g-(AA-StSO3Na-SiO2) bipolar membrane, SBS BPM was prepared by SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer) grafted with acrylic acid (AA), sodium sulfonic styene(StSO3Na) through free radical grafting reaction, then the grafting copolymer and γ-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (KH-590) were exposed to UV illumination, and the SiO2 doped anode membrane was obtained through sol–gel reaction of trimethoxysilane group, as similar process the cathode membrane was prepared by SBS grafted with dimethyl amino ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and KH-570. The SBS BPM exhibited good mechanical strength (tensile strength, TS is 1.55MPa) and high temperature tolerance (thermal degradation temperature in N2 is in the range of 230–250°C). The ion exchange capacities (IECs) of SBS-g-(DMAEMA-SiO2) and SBS-g-(AA-StSO3 Na-SiO2) were in the region of 1.42–2.82 mmol/g. The SEM images show that the membrane cross- sections are very smooth where no silica particles could be observed. SBS-g-(DMAEMA-SiO2)/ SBS- g-(AA-StSO3Na-SiO2) bipolar membrane was used as the separator in the electrolysis cell for electro- generation of 2,2-dimethyl-3- hydroxypropionic acid(HPAc) and succinic acid in pairs. The yield of HPAc and the corresponding average current efficiency in the anode chamber were 28.2% and 53.8％, respectively. The yield of succinic acid and the average current efficiency in the cathode chamber were 74.1% and 62.5%, respectively.
Study on Low Temperature Sintering Behaviour of CaO-B2O3-SiO2 Glass Ceramics
Authors: Wei Peng Fei , Zhou Hong Qing , Zhu Hai Kui , Dai Bin , Wang Jie
Published: November 2010

CaO-B2O3-SiO2 glass ceramics were prepared by powders of different particle sizes. The relationship between CBS powder characteristics and structures was studied by XRD and SEM, and the effect of powder characteristics on sintering properties, dielectric properties at 10GHz, thermal properties (CTE) were investigated to obtain low-temperature sintered glass ceramics. The results showed that the median particle size of glass powders reduced, sintered temperature and apparent porosity decreased. But at the same time, bulk density and thermal expansivity increased. The sample with the powders of D50=2.34μm could be sintered at 850 with the density about 2.615g•cm-3 and the water absorption about 0.16%. Having a dielectric constant of 6.16 and a dielectric loss of 1.9×10-3 at 9.98GHz, the sintered sample could satisfy the requirements of the substrate materials used in LTCC in some fields.
Crack Prevention-Based Selection Method for Thickness of L-Shaped Floorslab without Beam
Authors: Liu Ying Li , Yan Te Liang , Jiang Zhen
Published: November 2010

Under vertically uniform distributive load, a safe and economical selection method for thickness of L-shaped floorslab was given through the finite element analysis for the slab having different length gaps with and without the same gap area.
First-Principles Calculation of Elastic Properties of TiB2 and ZrB2
Authors: Wang H.Y. , Xue F.Y. , Zhao Nai Hui , Li De Jun
Published: November 2010

Based on Density Functional Theory (DFT), using first-principles pseudopotential plane wave method, elastic properties and electronic structure of TiB2 and ZrB2 were calculated. The elastic constants of these compounds were calculated by Voigt-Reuss-Hill method. The results show that the elastic modulus of TiB2 and ZrB2 are 594 and 520 GPa, and the shear modulus are 268 and 229 GPa, respectively. Pugh empirical criterion and Poisson's ratio show that the two compounds are very brittle, and the brittleness of TiB2 is higher than ZrB2. Finally, the differences in elastic properties between TiB2 and ZrB2 result form their electronic structures.
Sulfonation Surface Treatment of Plasma Alkali Secondary Lithium Battery Separator
Authors: Zhu Xing Quan , Wang Hong Wei
Published: November 2010

Modified membrane separators with lower cost using non-woven Polypropylene (PP) were widely used in the field of the secondary lithium batteries. Sulfonation is one of the most commonly modified methods for the surface modification of polymers. In order to make it effective in industry production, plasma surface treatment is applied to one, and it is an effective surface activation technology without changing its original properties. The characteristic properties of modified PP membrane separators have been studied by Alkali Absorption property Test, Tensile Strength Test, Fourier-Transform Infrared Measurements (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Sulfonic acid groups in the polymer membranes were evidenced by the FTIR and the XPS spectroscopy. The results showed that the plasma sulfonation treatment reaction was very effective to improve the surface hydrophilicity of the non-woven membranes. The suitable sulfonation process could keep the lower cost in industry production.
Research on Swirling Cavitation Degradation and its Application in Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Shi Jin Ping , Guo Pei Quan , Lu Kai
Published: November 2010

By means of computer simulation for the flow field, the condition of swirling cavitation formation and the shape of cavitation distribution were analyzed with CFD software. The accuracy of simulation results and the validity of wastewater treatment device were verified according to the testing results of device’s working parameters and degradation for Rhodamine B. The criterion to judge cavitation formation or degradation efficiency has been established. The industrialized enlargement for mini wastewater treatment device has been analyzed by means of simulation. It is useful to establish industrial application foundation of this kind of wastewater treatment device.
The Moment-Curvature Relation of SRC Column Based on the Fiber Model Method and its Influencial Factors Analysis
Authors: Wu Ping Chuan , Zhang Ling Xin
Published: November 2010

Because the SRC (steel reinforced concrete) structures fully combine the advantages of two materials i.e. steel and concrete they had been widely used in high-rise buildings. Completely study the moment-curvature relation of this kind of member is essential to a nonlinear analysis of this type of structures. The fiber model method based on the section discretion directly reflect the restoring characteristics of the member though the stress-strain relationship of steel and concrete. It can be applied to analyze section with any configuration. In this paper, the hysteretic moment-curvature relation of SRC column is analyzed by coding and verified by available test result. And finally several factors influenced on the M-Фrelation is discussed.
Hydration Behavior of Metakaolin-Cement Pastes with Different Contents of Reactive Aluminous at Early Age
Authors: Sun Tao , Shui Zhong He , Wang Gui Ming
Published: November 2010

What kind of role do the reactive aluminous has played during early hydration process of metakaolin-cement paste is investigated in present study. Therefore, metakaolin(MK) samples containing 45.94%, 22.86%, 0% reactive aluminous are prepared, respectively. In addition, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis is employed to identify the crystalline phases of all specimens. The amount of acid-insoluble residue (AIR) of all specimens is used to evaluate the unreacted materials. The results obtained indicate that reactive aluminous can promote development of the early period strength significantly. Reactive silica and reactive aluminous reaction velocity was very slow during the first three days, then increased. The reaction velocity of reactive aluminous was faster than reactive silica between the first day and third day, but it shows an opposite result between the third day and seventh day.