bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eight-Month-Old Infants Meta-Learn by Downweighting Irrelevant Evidence
Authors: Poli Francesco , Ghilardi Tommaso , Mars Rogier B. , Hinne Max , Hunnius Sabine
Published: May 2023

Infants learn to navigate the complexity of the physical and social world at an outstanding pace, but how they accomplish this learning is still largely unknown. Recent advances in human and artificial intelligence research propose that a key feature to achieving quick and efficient learning is meta-learning, the ability to make use of prior experiences to learn how to learn better in the future. Here we show that 8-month-old infants successfully engage in meta-learning within very short timespans after being exposed to a new learning environment. We developed a Bayesian model that captures how infants attribute informativity to incoming events, and how this process is optimized by the meta-parameters of their hierarchical models over the task structure. We fitted the model with infants’ gaze behavior during a learning task. Our results reveal how infants actively use past experiences to generate new inductive biases that allow future learning to proceed faster.
The Bayesian Mutation Sampler Explains Distributions of Causal Judgments
Authors: Kolvoort Ivar R. , Temme Nina , van Maanen Leendert
Published: May 2023

One consistent finding in the causal reasoning literature is that causal judgments are rather variable. In particular, distributions of probabilistic causal judgments tend not to be normal and are often not centered on the normative response. As an explanation for these response distributions, we propose that people engage in ‘mutation sampling’ when confronted with a causal query and integrate this information with prior information about that query. The Mutation Sampler model (Davis & Rehder, 2020) posits that we approximate probabilities using a sampling process, explaining the average responses of participants on a wide variety of tasks. Careful analysis, however, shows that its predicted response distributions do not match empirical distributions. We develop the Bayesian Mutation Sampler (BMS) which extends the original model by incorporating the use of generic prior distributions. We fit the BMS to experimental data and find that, in addition to average responses, the BMS explains multiple distributional phenomena including the moderate conservatism of the bulk of responses, the lack of extreme responses, and spikes of responses at 50%.
Digital Celebrity Diplomacy in the UN Security Council Elections: Canada, Ireland and Kenya
Authors: Bergman Rosamond Annika , Wright Katharine A. M.
Published: May 2023

The 2020 UN Security Council (SC) elections concluded during a historical period defined by the global COVID-19 pandemic. As officials scrambled to organise a socially distanced election, the final stage of the campaigns was forced into the digital realm. To bolster candidate states’ chances of being elected to the SC, digital diplomacy became the primary mode of communication. Here we focus on the SC campaigns of Canada, Ireland and Kenya, which were defined by ‘digital celebrity diplomacy’. U2 and Celine Dion supported the national campaigns of Ireland and Canada, while Kenya drew on the recognition of a number of celebrity athletes to bolster its campaign’s national brand. Thus, we explore the convergence of celebrity and digital diplomacy in these SC campaigns, contributing to new understandings of the use of celebrity in transforming the projection and reception of strategic narratives when integrated with digital diplomacy during the global COVID-19 pandemic.
Documenting Multilingualism and Contact
Authors: Grenoble Lenore A. , Martin Jack B.
Published: May 2023

In order to understand why languages become endangered, linguists must shift from documenting the last fluent speakers to documenting the larger ecology of language use in an area. The papers in this special issue all address different aspects of documenting language multilingualism. They address three related topics: (1) consideration of the state of multilingualism in endangered language ecologies; (2) tools and methods for transcribing, annotating, analyzing and presenting multilingual corpora; and (3) methods in documenting and studying language contact in process.
A Micro-Typology of Contact Effects in Four Tibeto-Burman Languages
Authors: Hildebrandt Kristine A. , Bond Oliver , Dhakal Dubi Nanda
Published: May 2023

When minority languages with similar typological profiles are in long-term contact with a genealogically unrelated socioeconomically dominant language, the perfect context is provided for investigating which observed contact effects are demonstrably allied to sociolinguistic dynamics rather than purely structural ones. This paper investigates the factors determining the different extent of contact effects in four Tibeto-Burman languages (Gurung, Gyalsumdo, Nar-Phu, and Manange) spoken in a geo-politically defined and multilingual region of Nepal. Using corpus data and sociolinguistic interviews collected in the field, we demonstrate that a range of social, economic and geo-spatial factors contribute to asymmetries where contact effects are observed in the four speech communities. These notably include factors specifically relevant in mountasin-based communities, including proximity to transport and trekking routes, outward migration effects on small settlements, and the primary economies of the different parts of the Manang District.
Documenting Multilingual Language Practices and the Erasure of Language Boundaries
Authors: Léglise Isabelle
Published: May 2023

Although we know multilingualism is the norm, most previous work has focused on languages as self-contained entities. Research on language contact mostly assumes bounded languages or repertoires: most studies presuppose contact between stable “communities” and the identifiability of specific languages in bilingual (sometimes plurilingual) corpora. Similarly, language annotation in corpus linguistics is based on the principle of univocity of items belonging to specific languages. In this paper, I address the notion of language boundaries, constructed both by linguists and by language users, and consider heterogeneity as a linguistic resource for speakers in their everyday multilingual language practices. First, there is a need for a shift in focus from linguistic systems toward language users. Second, there is a need for a solid methodology to reveal the heterogeneity of language practices through the annotation of plurilingual corpora. Ambivalence or play on boundaries is a common characteristic of communication in multilingual contexts that we can document.
Collaboration in Innovation Systems: A Study in India
Authors: Pacheco Carla , Paul Bino
Published: May 2023

The increased complexity in the current business environment connected with the globalisation of economies and rapid technological developments makes firms depend on innovation and, in the process, develop dense networks of relationships, making collaboration an essential requisite for innovation. Thus, collaboration develops based on complex social networks from which innovation emerges. From this perspective, collaboration takes a systematic approach, where social relationships are crucial. This article describes the innovation behaviour of firms operating in India and introduces collaboration as a system drawing from the systems theory and triple helix innovation model. The results of the mixed methods study conducted pointed toward a fragile collaboration framework. Triangulation was employed to provide a deeper understanding. Furthermore, limited understanding of collaboration as a social system has constrained social interactions, leading to limited knowledge production, application, and knowledge sharing, with technological development and innovation delays. The article lists crucial factors from the perspectives of industry and academia to foster a collaboration framework.
A new species of the mealybug genus Ceroputo Šulc 1898 (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) from China, and notes on Ceroputo pilosellae Šulc 1898 in China
Authors: ZHANG JIANG-TAO , WATSON GILLIAN W.
Published: May 2023

A new mealybug species, Ceroputo liquidambaris Zhang & Watson sp. n. (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae), collected on leaves and branches of Liquidambar formosana (Altingiaceae), is described and illustrated from Jiangxi, China. The new species differs from all other known species of Ceroputo in having dorsal multilocular disc pores. Notes on some aspects of Ceroputo pilosellae Šulc collected in China and a key to the adult females of Ceroputo species are provided.
GEFSv12 High- and Low-Skill Day-10 Tornado Forecasts
Authors: Miller Douglas E. , Gensini Vittorio A.
Published: May 2023

On average, modern numerical weather prediction forecasts for daily tornado frequency exhibit no skill beyond day 10. However, in this extended-range lead window, there are particular model cycles that have exceptionally high forecast skill for tornadoes because of their ability to correctly simulate the future synoptic pattern. Here, model initial conditions that produced a more skillful forecast for tornadoes over the United States were exploited while also highlighting potential causes for low-skill cycles within the Global Ensemble Forecasting System, version 12 (GEFSv12). There were 88 high-skill and 91 low-skill forecasts in which the verifying day-10 synoptic pattern for tornado conditions revealed a western U.S. thermal trough and an eastern U.S. thermal ridge, a favorable configuration for tornadic storm occurrence. Initial conditions for high skill forecasts tended to exhibit warmer sea surface temperatures throughout the tropical Pacific Ocean and Gulf of Mexico, an active Madden–Julian oscillation, and significant modulation of Earth-relative atmospheric angular momentum. Low-skill forecasts were often initialized during La Niña and negative Pacific decadal oscillation conditions. Significant atmospheric blocking over eastern Russia—in which the GEFSv12 overforecast the duration and characteristics of the downstream flow—was a common physical process associated with low-skill forecasts. This work helps to increase our understanding of the common causes of high- or low-skill extended-range tornado forecasts and could serve as a helpful tool for operational forecasters.

Significance Statement

This research provides a framework for the anticipation of a more (or less) skillful 10-day tornado forecast in an operational numerical weather prediction system. High-skill forecasts were associated with substantial tropical convection and warm sea surface temperature throughout the Pacific Ocean and Gulf of Mexico, whereas the underlying cause of low-skill forecasts were typically associated with a blocking anticyclone over eastern Russia. These findings are important because they permit increased or decreased confidence in a long-range forecast of tornado occurrence based on a dynamical prediction system.
Gender-Based Frailty in Multiple Orthopedic Fractures
Authors: Gary Michelle E. , Limanto Cindy A. , Saadat Ghulam H. , Fu Chih Y. , Phillips Bradley J. , Brown Laura R. , Bokhari Faran
Published: May 2023

The 5-factor modified frailty index (mFI-5) has been used as a prognostic tool to identify patients at higher risk for complications and mortality but has not been used to assess the relationship between frailty and extent of injury following ground-level falls. The aim of this study was to determine if mFI-5 is associated with increased risk for combined femur-humerus fractures compared to isolated femur fractures in geriatric patients. A retrospective analysis of 2017-2018 American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program (ACS-TQIP) data identified 190 836 patients with femur fractures and 5054 patients with combined femur-humerus fractures. In multivariate analysis, gender was the only statistically significant predictor for risk of combined vs isolated fractures (OR 1.69, 95% CI [1.65, 1.74], P < .001). While outcome data for the mFI-5 repeatedly shows increased risk for adverse events, this tool may over-estimate the disease specific risk factors rather than the overall frailty state of the patient and diminish its predictive power.
An Analysis of Outcomes After Trauma in Obstetric Patients
Authors: Hashmi Danielle , Farrell Michael , Salbinski Lauren , Cipolle Mark , Painter Matthew
Published: May 2023

Traumatic injury in obstetric patients has been shown to correlate with adverse fetal outcomes; however, data predates modern resuscitation and imaging techniques. A single center retrospective review was performed analyzing risk factors for obstetric outcomes for pregnant patients seen at a Level 1 Trauma Center from 2010 to 2020. 571 pregnant patients were compared to nonpregnant child-bearing age women. Injury Severity Scores (ISS) were higher in nonpregnant patients (5 vs 0, P < .001), with similar mortality ( P = .07). 558 (98%) injured pregnant patients had an ISS < 9. 122 (21%) pregnant patients suffered obstetric or fetal complications, had higher ISS ( P < .001), higher abbreviated injury scales (AIS) for thorax, abdomen, spine, lower extremities ( P < .05), and lower gestational age ( P = .005). Age, Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), AIS Abdomen and Lower Extremity, and preterm pregnancy were predictive of adverse outcomes. Non-caucasian race, higher gestational age, and term pregnancy were predictive of labor during admission.
Allan Variance Characterization of Compact Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometers
Authors: Adib George A. , Sabry Yasser M. , Khalil Diaa
Published: May 2023

Handheld Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometers are very promising candidates for several applications where accurate real-time material detection and quantification are needed. Due to their compact size, their mode of operation which does not allow for long warm-up time, and changing environmental conditions, these spectrometers suffer from short-term noise and long-term instabilities which affect their performance. In this work, the effect of long-term multiplicative instabilities on the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), measured using the 100% line-method, is studied. An expression for the variance, in this case, is deduced. The Allan variance technique is used to identify and quantify the presence of the different types of noises. The methodology is applied to a commercial NeoSpectra scanner module from Si-Ware Systems, Inc.
Commit or Not? How Blockchain Consortia Form and Develop
Authors: Hacker Janine , Miscione Gianluca , Felder Tobin , Schwabe Gerhard
Published: May 2023

In blockchain consortia, different companies band together to develop, govern, and operate a shared blockchain-based system. However, many blockchain-based systems are exposed to the risk of never going live without a proper understanding of the peculiar collaboration this technological architecture entails. To understand how blockchain consortia develop and advance collaborative relationships, this article reports on an extensive analysis of online material and interviews of key members. It draws from the literature on interorganizational collaboration and digital platforms to explain the staged progression of blockchain consortia and the key features of blockchain consortia.
Antibiotic Stewardship and Treatment of Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in Children and Adolescents in the Emergency Department of a Community Hospital
Authors: Neto Arino , Sage Hannah , Patel Amit K. , Rivera-Sepulveda Andrea
Published: May 2023

A retrospective, cross-sectional study of children with suspected urinary tract infections (UTIs) 3 months to 18 years of age who had a urinalysis and urine culture (UC) during an emergency department (ED) visit between 2019 and 2020 was performed. Chi-square, Fisher exact, and independent samples T tests were used as appropriate. Median age was 6.6 years (interquartile range = 3.3-12.4). Urinalysis positivity was 92.8%, of which 81.9% of children were prescribed a first-line antibiotic. First-line antibiotic use was 82.7%. Positive UC rate was 84.7%, with 84% receiving a first-line antibiotic ( P = .025). The correlation between a positive urinalysis and a positive UC was 80.8% ( P < .001). Change of antibiotics based on the uropathogen of positive UCs was 6.3% ( P < .001). The urinalysis and UC guided the diagnosis and treatment of UTIs. First-line antibiotics can be safely administered in the ED and prescribed for positive urinalyses. Studies are needed to evaluate the discontinuation of antibiotics with negative UCs as part of antibiotic stewardship initiatives.
Transplanting Italo-Africa: The Monumento ai caduti d’Africa at Siracusa from colonial conception to Italian construction
Authors: Farmer Sophia Maxine
Published: May 2023

Romano Romanelli designed the Monumento ai caduti d’Africa at Siracusa in 1938 to commemorate the Italian colonization of East Africa. The structure was originally intended for Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, but it was never constructed within the colonial capital. After the fall of the regime and the collapse of Italy's colonial program, it was eventually installed in Siracusa, a Sicilian port city once considered a springboard for the fascist colonies, in 1968. The bronze statuary and marble relief panels combine to create an artistic program that continues to valorize colonialism and debates surrounding the monument remain unresolved. This paper considers the controversial history of the Monumento ai caduti d’Africa in relation to Italo-African colonial narratives and legacies. I propose the practice of artistic intervention as a potential solution that could neutralize or counter the fascist signification of this structure.
Nationwide trends in the prevalence and incidence of depressive disorders and their correlates among adults with disabilities in Korea from 2006 to 2017
Authors: Lee Hwa-Young , Kim So Young , Yeob Kyoung Eun , Kim Yeon Yong , Park Jong-Hyock
Published: May 2023

Background:

Evidence suggests that people with disabilities are more likely to suffer from depression. Previous studies have focused on depressive disorders in specific disability types or age groups using small-scale cross-sectional samples. We investigated longitudinal trends in the prevalence and incidence of depressive disorders according to disability types and severity levels in the entire Korean adult population.

Methods:

The age-standardised prevalence and incidence of depressive disorders were investigated using National Health Insurance claims data from 2006 to 2017. The odds of depressive disorders by type and severity were examined using logistic regression after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and comorbidities based on merged 2006 to 2017 data.

Results:

Both the incidence and prevalence of depressive disorders were higher among the disabled than the non-disabled, with the prevalence gap being larger than the incidence gap. In regression analyses, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and comorbidities considerably reduced the odds ratios, particularly for incidence. The severity of disabilities was inversely associated with the incidence of depressive disorders. Brain injury and disabilities in major internal organs were associated with lower odds of developing depressive disorders than in non-disabled individuals.

Conclusions:

A significant proportion of depressive disorders in disabled individuals are caused by financial hardships or comorbidities rather than disabilities themselves. We must pay special attention to those who cannot access healthcare services due to severe disabilities and those whose depressive disorders are misdiagnosed as intellectual disabilities. More research is required to elucidate the causal mechanisms underlying depressive disorders in people with various types and severities of disabilities.
Euro-Burn I: Assessment of burnout syndrome in health workers in a mediterranean country during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Authors: María Diaz Vizcaya Rosa , José Rodríguez Rivas María , Mariño Méndez Helia , Teresa Alvés Pérez María , López Castro José
Published: May 2023

Background:

Burnout syndrome (BS) has a negative impact among health professionals.

Aims:

Our research objective is to quantify the level of burnout in health workers of the Spanish National Health System during the COVID-19 pandemic using and comparing two independent measurement instruments.

Methods:

Cross-sectional, descriptive and multicenter study conducted through an anonymous online survey among health workers of the National Health System, measuring the level of burnout using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI).

Results:

A total of 448 questionnaires were analyzed, the mean age of the participants was 43.53 years (range: 20–64), 365 (81.5%) women. 161 (35.9%) participants presented BS measured with the MBI and 304 (67.9%) measured with the CBI. Regarding work contract, those who had greater job stability presented a higher degree of cynicism with respect to the eventual ones ( p = .010), the eventual ones presenting higher mean scores in professional efficacy ( p = .034). Urban workers had higher scores of exhaustion ( p < .001) and cynicism ( p < .001) than those living in rural areas. When comparing both tests, a high predictive value for exhaustion and cynicism was found to measure BS through the CBI (AUC = 0.92 and 0.84, respectively) and a low AUC with respect to the predictive value for efficacy (AUC = 0, 59).

Conclusions:

The results obtained show a high level of BS among the health workers who participated in our study. Both tests have an excellent correlation in the degree of exhaustion and cynicism, but not in efficacy. The BS measurement must be performed with at least two validated instruments to increase its reliability.
Determination of mechanical properties of nanocomposites reinforced with spherical silica nanoparticles using experiments, micromechanical model and finite elements method
Authors: Astaraki Sajjad , Zamani Ehsan , Golestanian Hossein , Mohamadipoor Reza
Published: May 2023

In this research, experimental, numerical, and micromechanical methods are used to determine the effects of silica nanoparticle content on the elastic modulus of polymer matrix nanocomposites in tension and compression. The direct mixing method was used to prepare experimental samples containing 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 volume fractions of silica nanoparticles. The elastic modulus of the nanocomposites is evaluated by the Einstein, Guth, Mori-Tanaka, Halpin-Tsai, Kerner, and Ji et al. micromechanical models. In addition, the elastic modulus of the nanocomposites is evaluated using the RVE method in ABAQUS software. The effects of volume fraction and diameter of silica nanoparticles, thickness, and adhesion exponent of the interphase on the elastic modulus of polymeric nanocomposite are extensively examined. Stiffer elastic modulus behavior is found in the presence of interphase region. The results indicate that the elastic modulus of nanocomposites reinforced with spherical silica nanoparticles is improved with increasing nanoparticle volume fraction, decreasing the nanoparticle diameter, increasing the interphase thickness, and decreasing the interphase adhesion exponent. The validity of the results of numerical and micromechanical models has been checked with experimental results. It can be seen that the results obtained from the experiments with 1 hour of ultrasonic waves in the tensile samples with volume fractions of 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5, compared to the pure sample, have increased by 5.4, 10.3, and 9.7 percent, respectively. Similarly, for compression samples with the same volume fractions, the results have increased by 7, 13, and 11 percent, respectively.
The Influence of Shared Consumption on Product Efficacy Perceptions: The Detrimental Effect of Sharing with Strangers
Authors: Lteif Lama , Block Lauren , Kramer Thomas , Hada Mahima
Published: May 2023

Opportunities for the shared consumption of publicly available products that once might have been considered personal-use only, such as hand sanitizers and shampoos, are proliferating in the consumer environment. This work explores shared product consumption in these underresearched, but now ubiquitous, contexts. The authors suggest and find, over a series of five studies and across a variety of product domains, that sharing a product with strangers (i.e., sharing-out) engenders a lower sense of identification with the product, which leads to lower perceived product efficacy. They further show that the dampening effect of sharing-out on efficacy perceptions is limited to consumers high in self–brand connection.
‘Muscular Unionism’: The British Political Tradition Strikes Back?
Authors: Sandford Mark
Published: May 2023

This article argues that shifts in the UK’s territorial management practice in the late 2010s and early 2020s, described by various terms, including ‘muscular unionism’, may be more rhetorical and ideational than substantive. The practices associated with these terms are recognisably part of the ‘British political tradition’, and the changes of the early 2020s can be viewed as reasserting traditional governance practices rather than introducing new ones. The article examines the various phenomena described as ‘muscular unionism’ and suggests that many are relatively ad hoc, low-level initiatives, often rhetorical. There is also much evidence that the UK governments of the 2020s see the ‘Millennium Settlement’, introduced in 1999, as continuing to be a core part of UK territorial management. The clearest break from historical practice comes in the overt, explicit quality of ‘muscular unionist’ rhetoric. The article then suggests that, contrary to some scholarly expectations, this muscular unionist turn may come to be an effective territorial management strategy for the UK government, as it aligns with an Anglo-British imaginary within England that continues to conflate England, Britain and the UK in terms of governance and national identity.
Interprofessional Collaborative Practice: Management of Chronic Disease and Mental Health Issues in Primary Care
Authors: Esperat M. Christina , Hust Christie , Song Huaxin , Garcia Monica , McMurry Linda J.
Published: May 2023

This case study describes the process of implementing and evaluating an interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP) program for primary care and behavioral health integration focused on chronic disease management. The result was a strong IPCP program in a nurse-led federally qualified health center serving medically underserved populations. The IPCP program at the Larry Combest Community Health and Wellness Center at the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center spanned >10 years of planning, development, and implementation, supported by demonstration, grants, and cooperative grants from the Health Resources and Services Administration. The program launched 3 projects: a patient navigation program, an IPCP program for chronic disease management, and a program for primary care and behavioral health integration. We established 3 evaluation domains to track the outcomes of the program: TeamSTEPPS education outcomes (Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety), process/service measures, and patient clinical and behavioral measures. TeamSTEPPS outcomes were evaluated before and after training on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree). Mean (SD) scores increased significantly in team structure (4.2 [0.9] vs 4.7 [0.5]; P < .001), situation monitoring (4.2 [0.8] vs 4.6 [0.5]; P = .002), and communication (4.1 [0.8] vs 4.5 [0.5]; P = .001). From 2014 to 2020, the rate of depression screening and follow-up improved from 16% to 91%, and the hypertension control rate improved from 50% to 62%. Lessons learned include recognizing partner contributions and the worth of each team member. Our program evolved with the help of networks, champions, and collaborative partners. Program outcomes show the positive impact of a team-based IPCP model on health outcomes among medically underserved populations.
Ultrasonic testing of rivet in multilayer structure using a convolutional neural network on edge device
Authors: Le Minhhuy , Le Duc Vu , Le Tien Dat , Lee Jinyi
Published: May 2023

Rivets are used to assemble layers in the air intakes, fuselages, and wings of an aircraft. After a long time of working under extreme conditions, pitting corrosion could appear in the rivets of the aircraft. The rivets could be broken down and thread the safety of the aircraft. In this paper, we proposed an ultrasonic testing method integrated with convolutional neural network (CNN) for the detection of corrosion in the rivets. The CNN model was designed to be lightweight enough to be able to run on edge devices. The CNN model was trained with a very limited sample of rivets, from 3 to 9 artificial pitting corrosive rivets. The results show that the proposed approach could detect up to 95.2% of pitting corrosion using experimental data with three training rivets. The detection accuracy could be improved to 99% by nine training rivets. The CNN model was implemented and ran on an edge device (Jetson Nano) in real-time with a small latency of 1.65 ms.
The association between food insecurity and social capital under the lockdowns in COVID-hit Shanghai
Authors: Han Guanghua , Zhai Yida
Published: May 2023

As an emergency, food insecurity threatens people’s well-being, while social capital is expected to enhance their resilience in this situation. This study examined the relationship between food insecurity and social capital during the COVID-19 lockdowns in Shanghai. We collected a dataset of 1064 participants by random sampling. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the dynamics of social capital before and after lockdowns. The results show that the level of post-lockdown social capital was higher than that of pre-lockdown social capital. Pre-lockdown social capital predicted the extent to which people suffered from food insecurity and their approaches to obtaining food. Participation in group purchases and food exchange with other residents predicted the levels of post-lockdown social capital. The results shed light on the interaction between emergencies and social capital. Our study theoretically contributes to understanding social capital through a dynamic perspective.
Managing Performative Models
Authors: Khosrowi Donal
Published: May 2023

Scientific models can be performative: they can causally affect the phenomena they are intended to represent. The existing literature offers two responses. The appraisal view emphasizes that performativity can sometimes be a good-making model attribute, e.g., when predictions steer the public’s behavior in desirable ways. The mitigation view seeks to endogenize agents’ behavioral response to model-issued forecasts to get rid of performativity instead. This paper argues that neither approach is fully compelling: the appraisal view encounters severe concerns about moral values illegitimately encroaching on how modelers construct and use models, while the mitigation view fails to acknowledge that endogenization is itself a choice that involves substantive value-judgments relating to the desirability of certain social outcomes.
Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system algorithm-based robust terminal sliding mode control MPPT for a photovoltaic system
Authors: Mbarki Belgacem , Fethi Farhani , Chrouta Jaouher , Zaafouri Abderrahmen
Published: May 2023

The non-linear power-current characteristics of a photovoltaic generator (GPV) present a challenge in maximizing power production. To address this issue, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) methods, such as the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), are commonly used due to their quick response and minimal oscillation. As well, sliding mode control (SMC) is a popular method for controlling linear and nonlinear systems because of its high robustness. In this study, the principal purpose is to develop a new approach based on the combination of ANFIS and Terminal Robust Sliding Mode Control (ANFIS-TRSMC) to resist the PV system against uncertain conditions and track the optimal power point. The simulation results show that the ANFIS-TRSMC controller has an accurate, fast, and robust response in comparison with other algorithms such as perturb and observe and the maximum power voltage–based TRSMC controller.
Myositis Ossificans of the Trapezius Muscle: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Ji Tingting , Zhang Ge , Zhang Jie , Li Yanzhen , Zhang Xuexi , Liu Qiaoyin , Sun Nian , Liu Zhiyong , Li Xiaodan , Liu Yuwei , Wang Shengcai , Ni Xin
Published: May 2023

Myositis ossificans (MO) is a benign, self-limiting, and nonneoplastic lesion involving the skeletal muscle or soft tissue, rarely occurring in the head and neck. It is relatively rare in clinical practice, and it is difficult to distinguish specific cases from musculoskeletal conditions, which poses unique challenges for clinical diagnosis and treatment. We reported that a 9-year-old boy suffered from local and nontraumatic MO of the trapezius muscle. Given the rarity of this case, the present article detailed the diagnosis and treatment of this rare case and reviewed the relevant literature on MO, focusing on the clinical, pathological, and radiographic characteristics of MO. Notably, these investigations aimed to enhance clinicians’ understanding of the disease and improve diagnostic accuracy.
Immersive information seeking–A scoping review of information seeking in virtual reality environments
Authors: Schleußinger Maurice , Hansen Preben , Ramberg Robert
Published: May 2023

Recently, virtual reality (VR) technology has become more widespread. Humans increasingly interact with information in VR, and a detailed look into those activities is warranted. Thus, a scoping literature review (PRISMA-ScR) is conducted. It overviews all relevant literature about information-seeking behaviour in VR, focusing on existing models and theories. Out of 536 publications, 37 qualify for this review. Eight publications show an understanding related to information behaviour theories from information science. Pressingly, no publications relate models, frameworks or general theories of information seeking to VR. This review overviews VR-related cognitive and behavioural human factors based on this research gap. Those factors include immersion and presence, affordances, embodiment, cognitive load, human error, flow and engagement. The review is concluded with an explorative framework for future research that is constructed with Marchionini’s process model of information seeking as a baseline and in conjunction with the discussed human factors.
Use of positive terms and certainty language in retracted and non-retracted articles: The case of biochemistry
Authors: Dehdarirad Tahereh , Schirone Marco
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to compare retracted (due to misconduct) and non-retracted articles in biochemistry, in terms of proportion of positive terms, certainty score and different certainty aspects. The data set of this study composed of 662 retracted and non-retracted articles published in the time period of 2018–2020 and indexed in Scopus. These 662 articles accounted for 331 non-retracted and 331 retracted articles, which were matched using matching and covariate balancing analysis. The analysis in this article was done using several regression models. Regarding the use of positive terms, the findings showed that retracted articles were 16% less probable to use positive terms in abstracts, titles and findings presented in conclusion and discussion compared with non-retracted articles. In addition, the results regarding the analysis of certainty language, showed that retracted articles were 15% less probable to use certain language, measured by certainty score, in presenting their scientific findings. Finally, regarding the certainty aspects, the results of regression models showed that retracted articles had 11% less likelihood to present their research findings using certain probability aspect.
Musical communication among parents and their children: An analysis tool to study their interaction
Authors: Lerma-Arregocés Daniela , Pérez-Moreno Jèssica
Published: May 2023

Musical communication between adults and children is a widely studied phenomenon in the field of music education and psychology. In the research carried out to date, a variety of methodological designs have been used, based mainly on the perceptions of adults, to investigate the different aspects of these musical interactions. Thus, there is little information about the characteristics of participation in the parent-infant relationship considering both adults and children’s musical behaviours. The aim of the study in which this article is framed was to identify the characteristics of parent and child participation in musical interactions involving vocal expression in the family environment, with the particularity of the data having being obtained directly from their everyday communication scenarios. The participants were five families with at least one child younger than 36 months. Data was collected by means of an audio recording device (DLP) associated with LENA® software. This article describes a tool for analysis that was designed and validated according to the particularities of the data. The MICAD – Musical Interaction among Children and Adult Descriptors – integrates characteristics of elements of both adult-child communication and the musical content present in their encounters. Thanks to the analysis provided by the MICAD it is possible to reach a deeper understanding of participants’ individual behaviours and distinguish different models of musical interaction between children and adults.
The Current Status and Work of Three Rs Centres and Platforms in Europe*
Authors: Neuhaus Winfried , Reininger-Gutmann Birgit , Rinner Beate , Plasenzotti Roberto , Wilflingseder Doris , De Kock Joery , Vanhaecke Tamara , Rogiers Vera , Jírová Dagmar , Kejlová Kristina , Knudsen Lisbeth E. , Nielsen Rasmus Normann , Kleuser Burkhard , Kral Vivian , Thöne-Reineke Christa , Hartung Thomas , Pallocca Giorgia , Rovida Costanza , Leist Marcel , Hippenstiel Stefan , Lang Annemarie , Retter Ida , Krämer Stephanie , Jedlicka Peter , Ameli Katharina , Fritsche Ellen , Tigges Julia , Kuchovská Eliška , Buettner Manuela , Bleich Andre , Baumgart Nadine , Baumgart Jan , Meinhardt Marcus W. , Spanagel Rainer , Chourbaji Sabine , Kränzlin Bettina , Seeger Bettina , von Köckritz-Blickwede Maren , Sánchez-Morgado José M. , Galligioni Viola , Ruiz-Pérez Daniel , Movia Dania , Prina-Mello Adriele , Ahluwalia Arti , Chiono Valeria , Gutleb Arno C. , Schmit Marthe , van Golen Bea , van Weereld Leane , Kienhuis Anne , van Oort Erica , van der Valk Jan , Smith Adrian , Roszak Joanna , Stępnik Maciej , Sobańska Zuzanna , Reszka Edyta , Olsson I. Anna S. , Franco Nuno Henrique , Sevastre Bogdan , Kandarova Helena , Capdevila Sara , Johansson Jessica , Svensk Emma , Cederroth Christopher R. , Sandström Jenny , Ragan Ian , Bubalo Nataliia , Kurreck Jens , Spielmann Horst
Published: May 2023

The adoption of Directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes has given a major push to the formation of Three Rs initiatives in the form of centres and platforms. These centres and platforms are dedicated to the so-called Three Rs, which are the Replacement, Reduction and Refinement of animal use in experiments. ATLA’s 50th Anniversary year has seen the publication of two articles on European Three Rs centres and platforms. The first of these was about the progressive rise in their numbers and about their founding history; this second part focuses on their current status and activities. This article takes a closer look at their financial and organisational structures, describes their Three Rs focus and core activities (dissemination, education, implementation, scientific quality/translatability, ethics), and presents their areas of responsibility and projects in detail. This overview of the work and diverse structures of the Three Rs centres and platforms is not only intended to bring them closer to the reader, but also to provide role models and show examples of how such Three Rs centres and platforms could be made sustainable. The Three Rs centres and platforms are very important focal points and play an immense role as facilitators of Directive 2010/63/EU ‘on the ground’ in their respective countries. They are also invaluable for the wide dissemination of information and for promoting the implementation of the Three Rs in general.
Not seeing the (moral) forest for the trees? How task complexity and employees’ expertise affect moral disengagement with discriminatory data analytics recommendations
Authors: Ebrahimi Sepideh , Matt Christian
Published: May 2023

Data analytics provides versatile decision support to help employees tackle the rising complexity of today’s business decisions. Notwithstanding the benefits of these systems, research has shown their potential for provoking discriminatory decisions. While technical causes have been studied, the human side has been mostly neglected, albeit employees mostly still need to decide to turn analytics recommendations into actions. Drawing upon theories of technology dominance and of moral disengagement, we investigate how task complexity and employees’ expertise affect the approval of discriminatory data analytics recommendations. Through two online experiments, we confirm the important role of advantageous comparison, displacement of responsibility, and dehumanization, as the cognitive moral disengagement mechanisms that facilitate such approvals. While task complexity generally enhances these mechanisms, expertise retains a critical role in analytics-supported decision-making processes. Importantly, we find that task complexity’s effects on users’ dehumanization vary: more data subjects increase dehumanization, whereas richer information on subjects has the opposite effect. By identifying the cognitive mechanisms that facilitate approvals of discriminatory data analytics recommendations, this study contributes toward designing tools, methods, and practices that combat unethical consequences of using these systems.
An Assessment of the Supreme Court's Ruling in South Dakota V. Wayfair: A Macromarketing Case Study
Authors: Adams Ronald J.
Published: May 2023

Years ago Shelby Hunt noted that cromarketing focuses on marketing systems, the impact of marketing systems on society, and the impact and consequences of society on marketing systems. The ruling by the United States Supreme Court enabling states to require remote sellers to collect and remit sales taxes on in-state purchases exemplifies the latter. Imposing a new tax burden on previously untaxed remote sellers has the power to alter the structure of retailing and impact consumer welfare. Responding to “new economic realities,” the Court reversed long-standing precedent requiring that sellers must have a physical presence in the state to be subject to taxation. Proponents viewed this as a major step in restoring lost tax revenues to the states. Critics point to the inconsistency of the Court's ruling with stare decisis, the regressive nature of sales taxes, and recent public policy mandates stemming from the Covid pandemic. Although the Wayfair ruling is now the law and many of the concerns voiced prior to the Court's action seem to have been unfounded, the macromarketing implications remain. The potential impact of public policy on retailing cannot be ignored nor should the regressive nature of an increase in sales taxes on income inequality be overlooked. Additionally, there remain questions of fairness and administration with the ruling. Students of macromarketing should not ignore these issues. The responsibility to examine the impact of society—and the Court—on marketing systems was reinforced years ago by Bartels and Jenkins: “…the goal of marketing is the achievement of entrepreneurial goals in a manner consistent with the best overall interests of society… Macro models represent value judgments made by society for society; by governments in the form of laws, administrative orders, and judicial decisions…and by others who assume the role of advocating what is best for the general welfare.”
Local Ecological Knowledge and Use of the Pacific Seahorse (Hippocampus ingens) by Residents of the State of Sinaloa, Mexico
Authors: Najera-Medellin Jesus Alejandro , Quiñónez-Martínez Miroslava , Narchi Nemer E. , Santos-Fita Dídac , Díaz-Gaxiola Jesús Manuel
Published: May 2023

The Pacific seahorse ( Hippocampus ingens) is an important cultural and economic resource for coastal communities in the state of Sinaloa, Mexico. However, the conservation of this species is threatened by overfishing, habitat loss, and lack of awareness about its ecological importance. In this study, we examine the local ecological knowledge and use of the Pacific seahorse by residents of Sinaloa. Through ethnographic interviews and participant observation, we document the traditional knowledge and practices associated with this species, including its habitat, behavior, and uses. We find that local ecological knowledge has played a crucial role in the management and conservation of the Pacific seahorse, and that community-based approaches are necessary to address the conservation challenges facing this species. Our study provides important insights into the role of traditional ecological knowledge in marine conservation and highlights the need for more collaborative and participatory approaches to marine management and conservation in Sinaloa and other coastal regions.
Effect of different modes of administration of dexmedetomidine on the quality of recovery in ambulatory thyroidectomy: a randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Gao Pei , Chen Wen , Rao Jin , Chen Chen , Lu Yao , Li Yuan-Hai
Published: May 2023

Objective

To compare the effects of two different administration methods of dexmedetomidine (DEX) used as an adjuvant to ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided bilateral intermediate cervical plexus block (CPB) in terms of efficacy and the duration of postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing ambulatory thyroidectomy.

Methods

This double-blind, randomized study enrolled patients who underwent thyroidectomy with ultrasound-guided bilateral intermediate CPB. Patients were randomized to receive either perineural administration of dexmedetomidine (group DP) or intravenous pumping of dexmedetomidine (group DI). The 40-item Quality of Recovery (QoR-40) questionnaire was used to assess the primary endpoint, which was the global QoR-40 score 24 h after the operation.

Results

Sixty patients were randomized equally into the two groups. The total QoR-40 score 24 h postoperatively was significantly higher in group DP than group DI (160.6 ± 9.1 versus 152.8 ± 7.9, respectively). Dimensions of physical comfort and pain scores were significantly higher in group DP than group DI. The visual analogue scale pain score scores were significantly lower in group DP than group DI at 12 and 24 h postoperatively.

Conclusions

DEX as an adjuvant to ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided intermediate CPB can improve the QoR-40 score and prolong postoperative analgesia. Trial registration number: ChiCTR2000031264 at www.chictr.org.cn on 26 March 2020.