bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using MLU to study early language development in English
Authors: Wieczorek Roma
Published: December 2010

Using MLU to study early language development in English

The study examines the parameter of Mean Length of Utterance (MLU), measured both in morphemes (MLUm) and words (MLUw), in early language development in the case of two English children matched for age. The MLU scores of a normally developing child were compared to the MLU results of a language-impaired child in a longitudinal study. Moreover, the reliability of the MLU index measured in words was also tested in both children. The MLU analysis was based on the CHILDES database and CLAN programme, where the transcripts of spontaneous speech samples are used to calculate basic language parameters at different age-points. The findings of this study indicate that despite the expected delay, the language-impaired child followed a similar route of language development as the control child. However, significant differences between MLUw and MLUm confirmed that the parameters performed two different linguistic analyses.
Effects of non-linear periodisation training on the explosive force and plasma testosterone
Authors: Souza Sandro , Vale Rodrigo , Kauffmann Adriana , Pacobahyba Nelson , Miranda Humberto , Lima Rover , Dantas Estélio
Published: December 2010

Effects of non-linear periodisation training on the explosive force and plasma testosterone

Study aim: To evaluate the effects of two strength training programmes on the explosive force of lower extremities and total testosterone levels in plasma of Brazilian football players.

Material and methods: A group of 24 male football players aged 16 - 19 years participated in a 12-week training: non-linear periodised (NLP) or non-periodised (NP), 12 subjects each. Before and after training period, all subjects performed countermovement vertical jump (CMJ), horizontal jump and Flegner's power test, and total testosterone concentrations were determined in plasma.

Results: Significant, training-induced changes in CMJ were found in both groups; by 7.4% (p<0.05) in the NLP group and by 8% (p<0.001) in NP group. Also in the long jump (SBJ) significant (p<0.05) changes were noted in both groups, by 0.9 and 4.4%, respectively. Serum testosterone concentrations significantly (p<0.05 - 0.01) increased post-training in both groups and the increase was significantly (p<0.01) greater in the NLP than in NP group.

Conclusion: A larger number of athletes in future studies, as well as other sport categories and levels and a longer training period would be advisable in order to strengthen the causal inferences between the variables studied.
Hematological responses to oral administration of iron polymoltose complex in anemic and normal pregnant women: A comparative study
Authors: Sunitha P , Satyanarayana N , Shaik MM , Mobina S , Lakshmi KB , Kathi MC , Pradeep B
Published: December 2010

Anemia is a common medical disorder affecting a lot of women in pregnancy in the developing countries. Daily oral iron supplementation during pregnancy reduces the prevalence of anemia. In the present study we have compared the hematological responses to oral iron therapy using the formulation of iron poly maltose complex in anemic and normal pregnant women. The haemoglobin (Hb) level and other blood parameters were studied in anemic and non-anemic pregnant women both before and after oral iron therapy. Hemoglobin, iron indicators improved significantly with oral iron therapy and appear to have good compliance and efficacy. This helps us to assess the varied comparative responses in both the categories. The study will be indicative about the rational use of iron in iron deficiency anemia. Key words: Anemia; blood; hemoglobin; deficiency. DOI: 10.3126/jcmsn.v6i3.4067Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2010, Vol. 6, No. 3 pp.1-7
A survey study of Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) using phages P1,P2 &P3 in Tamluk, West Bengal,India
Authors: Som NC , Chowdhury M
Published: December 2010

Genetically modified food, GM foods and crops like Bt cotton, Bt Brinjal,developed from Bacillus thuringiensis, an insecticide and "Round up Ready", a soybean product from other microorganism led the scientist to conclude that the future world's hunger and malnutrition can be overcome. To make more contribution and future use, a survey study of distribution of Bacillus thuringiensis is done Bt- phages P1,P2,P3, are used in replica formation pattern in M-1 agar medium. Spores are used in this study. Only 6 phage affected colonies are detected and their pathogenocity is confirmed on Bombyx mori larva.Key words: Bacillus thuringiensis; insecticide; pathogenicity. DOI: 10.3126/jcmsn.v6i3.4069Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2010, Vol. 6, No. 3 pp.15-18
Wisdom teeth - A major problem in young generation, study on the basis of types and associated complications
Authors: Biswas G , Gupta P , Das D
Published: December 2010

The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and types of the impacted mandibular third molar at the highest risk for pain and pericoronitis using clinical and radiographic analysis. A total of 239 volunteers, including 147 (61.5 %) male and 92 (38.5%) female patients presenting with acute pericoronitis, participated in the study. The mean age of the participants was 28 years (range 16-40 years). The analysis of type, angulations and eruption level of the mandibular third molar were achieved by using I.O.P.A. X-ray and in few cases, lateral oblique of mandible. While mesioangular impaction was the most frequent angulation (44.4%), horizontal impaction was quite less (11%). Vertical impaction (27.6%) was slightly higher than distoangular impaction (15.9%) and aberrant (0.8 %). Key words: Impacted third molar; pericoronitis; types of impaction DOI: 10.3126/jcmsn.v6i3.4071Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2010, Vol. 6, No. 3 pp.24-28
Utilization of rural maternity delivery services in Nawalparasi and Kapilvastu District: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Ahmed M , Devkota B , Sathian B , Dixit SB
Published: December 2010

Increasing the proportion of births attended by skilled health providers is likely the key factor in reducing maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Study objectives were to identify key factors influencing the utilization delivery services and stakeholders’ perceptions about these services. The study utilized focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with a diversity of community members users and nonusers , dalit women and health facility staffs to gain insights about the factors influencing use of trained attendants. Field researchers were trained to use FGD guides and interview schedules, and then gathered information on the perspectives of the women and their families and health staff. In Nawalparasi and Kapilvwastu we conducted a comparative study to compare on factors affecting the volume of delivery services.In Nawalparasi the deliveries in the pervious six months was relatively large number from hospital and PHCC whereas in Kapilvastu the delivery was in smaller number. The vast majority of women planned to have a home delivery attended by relatives and/or a Trained Birth Attendants and to reserve attendance at a health facility as a back-up plan in case of prolonged labor and complications. Ritual pollution considerations interfere with a decision to seek delivery in a facility, especially in the Western Hills. The cost recovery scheme ("incentives") deals with a major factor which inhibits use of health facilities. TBAs can encourage clients to deliver in health facilities. Staff feel that the large number of vacant positions inhibits availability of services and requires strenuous efforts on their part to cover for vacancies. Key Words: Maternity; delivery; health staff DOI: 10.3126/jcmsn.v6i3.4072Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2010, Vol. 6, No. 3 pp.29-36
Ankyloglossia, rare anomaly of tongue in adults: A case study
Authors: Ankur AS , Pradeep B , Satyanarayana N , Ruchi K , Varun K , Neha K , Sunitha P , Reddy N
Published: December 2010

Tongue-tie, or ankyloglossia, is poorly defined and involves a short, thick, fibrosed, or fixed lingual frenulum. Ankyloglossia has been reported to cause feeding difficulties, dysarthria, dyspnea, and social or mechanical problems. Ankyloglossia occurs in 1.7% of all neonates. As age advances, frenulum grows in length and normal function is established. Frenulectomy is recommended if it persists. We have also come across with the case of Tongue Tie in one of our patient. He is 19 years in age pursuing his graduation. He has got tongue tie which is persisting since birth. Keywords: Ankyloglossia; frenulum; frenulectomy. DOI: 10.3126/jcmsn.v6i3.4073Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2010, Vol. 6, No. 3 pp.37-39
Poland's anomaly - A case report
Authors: Devi PSV , Reddy CK , Satyanarayana N , Sunitha P , Reddy N , Phukon MJ , Ram AS
Published: December 2010

A 12 year old boy was admitted in the medical ward, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences hospital, Karimnagar, with severe dyspnoea of one week duration. During the clinical examination, besides the auscultatory findings, it was observed that the boy was a typical case of Poland's anomaly, characterized by deficiency of the sterno-costal part of Pectoralis major and entire pectoralis minor, minor associated with hypoplastic, thenar and hypothenar muscles. Considering the rarity involved in finding such a sporadic, congenital but non fatal medical condition, knowledge of musculoskeletal anomalies is important for clinicians, orthopedics and plastic surgeons. Keywords: Poland's anomaly; deficiency; musculoskeletal anomalies. DOI: 10.3126/jcmsn.v6i3.4074Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2010, Vol. 6, No. 3 pp.40-43
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome presenting as atrial fibrillation with broad-QRS complexes
Authors: Gautam MP , Thapa L , Gautam S
Published: December 2010

The Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is the commonest form of ventricular pre-excitation and is characterised by the presence of an accessory pathway between atria and ventricles. The term WPW syndrome is applied to patients with both pre-excitation on the ECG and paroxysmal tachycardia. Usually the conducting properties of bypass tracts and the AV node differ, the ventricular response during atrial flutter or fibrillation may be unusually rapid and may cause ventricular fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is not an uncommon presentation in emergency department. Moreover, AF associated with WPW syndrome as an underlying condition is also not a rare occurrence; it is seen in 20-25% of WPW Syndrome. Recognition of this condition is very crucial in terms of emergency management. Its early recognition and initial treatment allows rapid restoration to sinus rhythm. Acute management of WPW syndrome with atrial fibrillation with hypotension is DC cardioversion. In haemodynamically stable patients, the drugs of choice are Amiodarone and class Ic anti- arrhythmic agents. Key words: Paroxysmal tachycardias; pre-excitation; tachycardia. DOI: 10.3126/jcmsn.v6i3.4078Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2010, Vol. 6, No. 3 pp.52-57
The Role of Apoptosis in the Pathology of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Samm Nicole , Werner Kristin , Rückert Felix , Saeger Hans Detlev , Grützmann Robert , Pilarsky Christian
Published: December 2010

Pancreatic cancer is a disease with high resistance to most common therapies and therefore has a poor prognosis, which is partly due to a lack of reaction to apoptotic stimuli. Signal transduction of such stimuli includes a death receptor-mediated extrinsic pathway as well as an intrinsic pathway linked to the mitochondria. Defects in apoptotic pathways and the deregulation of apoptotic proteins, such as Survivin, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1, play decisive roles in the development of pancreatic cancer. Investigation of the molecular mechanism allowing tumors to resist apoptotic cell death would lead to an improved understanding of the physiology and the development of new molecular strategies in pancreatic cancer.
Clinically Relevant Anticancer Polymer Paclitaxel Therapeutics
Authors: Yang Danbo , Yu Lei , Van Sang
Published: December 2010

The concept of utilizing polymers in drug delivery has been extensively explored for improving the therapeutic index of small molecule drugs. In general, polymers can be used as polymer-drug conjugates or polymeric micelles. Each unique application mandates its own chemistry and controlled release of active drugs. Each polymer exhibits its own intrinsic issues providing the advantage of flexibility. However, none have as yet been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. General aspects of polymer and nano-particle therapeutics have been reviewed. Here we focus this review on specific clinically relevant anticancer polymer paclitaxel therapeutics. We emphasize their chemistry and formulation, in vitro activity on some human cancer cell lines, plasma pharmacokinetics and tumor accumulation, in vivo efficacy, and clinical outcomes. Furthermore, we include a short review of our recent developments of a novel poly(L-g-glutamylglutamine)-paclitaxel nano-conjugate (PGG-PTX). PGG-PTX has its own unique property of forming nano-particles. It has also been shown to possess a favorable profile of pharmacokinetics and to exhibit efficacious potency. This review might shed light on designing new and better polymer paclitaxel therapeutics for potential anticancer applications in the clinic.
Information Storage in Liquids with Ordered Molecular Assemblies
Authors: Shinitzky Meir
Published: December 2010

In some unique cases, liquids can divert from pure isotropy due to the formation of ordered molecular assemblies with acquired “negative entropy” and information storage. The energy stored in such ordered domains can be combined with an independent quantitative parameter related to the degree of order, which can then translate the dormant information to the quantitative energetic term “information capacity”. Information storage in liquids can be thus expressed in absolute energy units. Three liquid systems are analyzed in some detail. The first is a solution of a chiral substance, e.g., amino acid in water, where the degree of optical rotation provides the measure for order while the heat liberated upon racemization is the energy corresponding to the negative entropy. The second is a neat chiral fluid, e.g., 2-butanol, complying with the same parameters as those of chiral solutions. The third is electronically excited fluorescent solute, where the shift in the emission spectrum corresponds to the energy acquired by the transiently oriented solvent envelopes. Other, yet unexplored, possibilities are also suggested.
Blocked Randomization with Randomly Selected Block Sizes
Authors: Efird Jimmy
Published: December 2010

When planning a randomized clinical trial, careful consideration must be given to how participants are selected for various arms of a study. Selection and accidental bias may occur when participants are not assigned to study groups with equal probability. A simple random allocation scheme is a process by which each participant has equal likelihood of being assigned to treatment versus referent groups. However, by chance an unequal number of individuals may be assigned to each arm of the study and thus decrease the power to detect statistically significant differences between groups. Block randomization is a commonly used technique in clinical trial design to reduce bias and achieve balance in the allocation of participants to treatment arms, especially when the sample size is small. This method increases the probability that each arm will contain an equal number of individuals by sequencing participant assignments by block. Yet still, the allocation process may be predictable, for example, when the investigator is not blind and the block size is fixed. This paper provides an overview of blocked randomization and illustrates how to avoid selection bias by using random block sizes.
Magnetization Dynamics of Amorphous Ribbons and Wires Studied by Inductance Spectroscopy
Authors: Betancourt Israel
Published: December 2010

Inductance spectroscopy is a particular formulation variant of the well known complex impedance formalism typically used for the electric characterization of dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric materials. It has been successfully exploited as a versatile tool for characterization of the magnetization dynamics in amorphous ribbons and wires by means of simple experiments involving coils for sample holding and impedance analyzer equipment. This technique affords the resolution of the magnetization processes in soft magnetic materials, in terms of reversible deformation of pinned domain walls, domain wall displacements and spin rotation, for which characteristic parameters such as the alloy initial permeability and the relaxation frequencies, indicating the dispersion of each process, can be defined. Additionally, these parameters can be correlated with chemical composition variation, size effects and induced anisotropies, leading to a more physical insight for the understanding of the frequency dependent magnetic response of amorphous alloys, which is of prime interest for the development of novel applications in the field of telecommunication and sensing technologies. In this work, a brief overview, together with recent progress on the magnetization dynamics of amorphous ribbons, wires, microwires and biphase wires, is presented and discussed for the intermediate frequency interval between 10 Hz and 13 MHz.
Triterpenoid Contents and Anti-Inﬂammatory Properties of the Methanol Extracts of Ligustrum Species Leaves
Authors: Wu Chi-Rei , Hseu You-Cheng , Lien Jin-Cherng , Lin Li-Wei , Lin Yung-Ta , Ching Hui
Published: December 2010

Ligustrum (privet) plants are used by Chinese physicians to prevent and cure hepatitis and chronic bronchitis. Three common Ligustrum plant spp., namely Ligustrum lucidum Ait. (LL), L. pricei Hayata (LP) and L. sinensis Lour. (LS) were collected to assess their analgesic/anti-inflammatory properties on chemical-induced nociception and carrageenan-induced inflammation in rodents. The methanol extracts from Ligustrum plants leaves effectively inhibited nociceptive responses induced by 1% acetic acid and 1% formalin. LP and LL reduced the edema induced by 1% carrageenan. LP exhibited the best potency of the Ligustrum plants. Furthermore, LP reduced the abdominal Evan’s blue extravasations caused by lipopolysaccharide, lipoteichoic acid, autocrines and sodium nitroprusside. The triterpenoid content of the three Ligustrum spp. was measured by high performance liquid chromatography using a photodiode array detector. LP contained the highest content of amyrin, betulinic acid and lupeol. LL had the highest content of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid. The various degrees of analgesic/anti-inflammatory effects among three Ligustrum plants may be related to their different triterpenoid contents. LP is a potential analgesic and anti-inflammatory Ligustrum plant. The effects of LP are partially related to the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 activity and a decrease in microvascular permeability via the actions of autocrines and kinins.
Novel Synthesis of Hydrazide-Hydrazone Derivatives and Their Utilization in the Synthesis of Coumarin, Pyridine, Thiazole and Thiophene Derivatives with Antitumor Activity
Authors: Mohareb Rafat M. , Fleita Daisy H. , Sakka Ola K.
Published: December 2010

The reaction of cyanoacetyl hydrazine (1) with 3-acetylpyridine (2) gave the hydrazide-hydrazone derivative 3. The latter compound undergoes a series of heterocyclization reactions to give new heterocyclic compounds. The antitumor evaluation of the newly synthesized products against three cancer cell lines, namely breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), non-small cell lung cancer (NCI-H460) and CNS cancer (SF-268) was performed. Most of the synthesized compounds showed high inhibitory effects.
Blood Pressure-Lowering Aspects of Lipid-Lowering and Anti-Diabetic Drugs
Authors: Nilsson Peter M. , Cifkova Renata
Published: December 2010

Several studies have shown that blood pressure can be lowered by the use of drugs that are not traditional antihypertensive drugs. This might be of clinical importance when many risk patients are treated by combination drug therapy in order to prevent cardiovascular disease by way of improving the cardiovascular risk factor profile.
GPCR Conformations: Implications for Rational Drug Design
Authors: Parrill Abby L. , Bautista Debra L.
Published: December 2010

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise a large class of transmembrane proteins that play critical roles in both normal physiology and pathophysiology. These critical roles offer targets for therapeutic intervention, as exemplified by the substantial fraction of current pharmaceutical agents that target members of this family. Tremendous contributions to our understanding of GPCR structure and dynamics have come from both indirect and direct structural characterization techniques. Key features of GPCR conformations derived from both types of characterization techniques are reviewed.
Blocking Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Transmission with Drugs: The Gametocytocidal and Sporontocidal Properties of Current and Prospective Antimalarials
Authors: Kiszewski Anthony E.
Published: December 2010

Drugs that kill or inhibit the sexual stages of Plasmodium could potentially amplify or synergize the impact of other interventions by blocking transmission to mosquitoes. Primaquine and other 8-aminoquinolines have long offered such potential, but safety and other concerns have limited their use. Although transmission-blocking properties are not often a priority of drug discovery efforts, a number of interesting gametocytocidal and/or sporontocidal drug candidates have emerged in recent years. Some still bear significant technical and safety concerns, while others have passed clinical trials and are on the verge of entering the antimalarial armamentarium. Recent advances in our knowledge of gametocyte differentiation, gametogenesis and sporogony have also led to the identification of a large array of potential new targets for drugs that might interfere with malaria transmission. This review examines the properties of existing and prospective drugs, mechanisms of action, counter-indications and their potential role in regional malaria elimination efforts.
High Dynamic Velocity Range Particle Image Velocimetry Using Multiple Pulse Separation Imaging
Authors: Persoons Tim , O’Donovan Tadhg S.
Published: December 2010

The dynamic velocity range of particle image velocimetry (PIV) is determined by the maximum and minimum resolvable particle displacement. Various techniques have extended the dynamic range, however flows with a wide velocity range (e.g., impinging jets) still challenge PIV algorithms. A new technique is presented to increase the dynamic velocity range by over an order of magnitude. The multiple pulse separation (MPS) technique (i) records series of double-frame exposures with different pulse separations, (ii) processes the fields using conventional multi-grid algorithms, and (iii) yields a composite velocity field with a locally optimized pulse separation. A robust criterion determines the local optimum pulse separation, accounting for correlation strength and measurement uncertainty. Validation experiments are performed in an impinging jet flow, using laser-Doppler velocimetry as reference measurement. The precision of mean flow and turbulence quantities is significantly improved compared to conventional PIV, due to the increase in dynamic range. In a wide range of applications, MPS PIV is a robust approach to increase the dynamic velocity range without restricting the vector evaluation methods.
Femtosecond Laser Filamentation for Atmospheric Sensing
Authors: Xu Huai Liang , Chin See Leang
Published: December 2010

Powerful femtosecond laser pulses propagating in transparent materials result in the formation of self-guided structures called filaments. Such filamentation in air can be controlled to occur at a distance as far as a few kilometers, making it ideally suited for remote sensing of pollutants in the atmosphere. On the one hand, the high intensity inside the filaments can induce the fragmentation of all matters in the path of filaments, resulting in the emission of characteristic fluorescence spectra (fingerprints) from the excited fragments, which can be used for the identification of various substances including chemical and biological species. On the other hand, along with the femtosecond laser filamentation, white-light supercontinuum emission in the infrared to UV range is generated, which can be used as an ideal light source for absorption Lidar. In this paper, we present an overview of recent progress concerning remote sensing of the atmosphere using femtosecond laser filamentation.
A High-Quality Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Fiber Sensor by Femtosecond Laser One-Step Processing
Authors: Zhao Longjiang , Jiang Lan , Wang Sumei , Xiao Hai , Lu Yongfeng , Tsai Hai-Lung
Published: December 2010

During new fiber sensor development experiments, an easy-to-fabricate simple sensing structure with a trench and partially ablated fiber core is fabricated by using an 800 nm 35 fs 1 kHz laser. It is demonstrated that the structure forms a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with the interference between the laser light passing through the air in the trench cavity and that in the remained fiber core. The fringe visibilities are all more than 25 dB. The transmission spectra vary with the femtosecond (fs) laser ablation scanning cycle. The free spectral range (FSR) decreases as the trench length increases. The MZI structure is of very high fabrication and sensing repeatability. The sensing mechanism is theoretically discussed, which is in agreement with experiments. The test sensitivity for acetone vapor is about 104 nm/RIU, and the temperature sensitivity is 51.5 pm/°C at 200 ~ 875 °C with a step of 25 °C.
3D Geometrical Inspection of Complex Geometry Parts Using a Novel Laser Triangulation Sensor and a Robot
Authors: Brosed Francisco Javier , Aguilar Juan José , Guillomía David , Santolaria Jorge
Published: December 2010

This article discusses different non contact 3D measuring strategies and presents a model for measuring complex geometry parts, manipulated through a robot arm, using a novel vision system consisting of a laser triangulation sensor and a motorized linear stage. First, the geometric model incorporating an automatic simple module for long term stability improvement will be outlined in the article. The new method used in the automatic module allows the sensor set up, including the motorized linear stage, for the scanning avoiding external measurement devices. In the measurement model the robot is just a positioning of parts with high repeatability. Its position and orientation data are not used for the measurement and therefore it is not directly “coupled” as an active component in the model. The function of the robot is to present the various surfaces of the workpiece along the measurement range of the vision system, which is responsible for the measurement. Thus, the whole system is not affected by the robot own errors following a trajectory, except those due to the lack of static repeatability. For the indirect link between the vision system and the robot, the original model developed needs only one first piece measuring as a “zero” or master piece, known by its accurate measurement using, for example, a Coordinate Measurement Machine. The strategy proposed presents a different approach to traditional laser triangulation systems on board the robot in order to improve the measurement accuracy, and several important cues for self-recalibration are explored using only a master piece. Experimental results are also presented to demonstrate the technique and the final 3D measurement accuracy.
Energy-Efficient Receiver-Driven Wireless Mesh Sensor Networks
Authors: Kominami Daichi , Sugano Masashi , Murata Masayuki , Hatauchi Takaaki
Published: December 2010

A major challenge in wireless sensor networks research is energy efficiency. In the intermittent receiver-driven data transmission (IRDT) protocol, which aims at saving energy, communication between two nodes commences when multiple receiver nodes transmit their own IDs and the sender nodes receive them. This protocol can be used to construct a mesh network which is robust against node failure and wireless channel fluctuations. In our work, we improve this protocol by implementing a collision avoidance method for control packets. First, we refer to the probability of control packet collision as a function of the intermittent interval. We then introduce procedures to determine the interval which decreases or minimizes this probability. Afterwards, we include a data aggregation mechanism into IRDT to reduce data transmission frequency and the occurrence of control packet collisions. Through computer simulation, we show that IRDT can offer greater reduction of the average energy consumption compared with RI-MAC and X-MAC, especially at small loads, and we also demonstrate that IRDT with collision avoidance for control packets can attain higher performance than the original IRDT. This method ensures a packet collection ratio of more than 99% and an average energy consumption 38% lower than that of EA-ALPL and 90% lower than that of the original IRDT.
Les séparations d'Amadou
Authors: Bernard Alix
Published: December 2010

Résumé Cet article rend compte d’un travail de psychothérapie individuelle entrepris avec un adolescent sourd, au sein de l’institution spécialisée où il était accueilli, et montre combien l’adolescence peut être une crise violemment désorganisatrice, mais aussi un moment où se mobilisent de nouvelles ressources. Séparé de sa famille du fait de son handicap depuis l’âge de quatre ans dix mois, l’entrée en puberté ramène au premier plan la question de cet éloignement. Amadou évoque alors différentes versions de cette séparation, véritables « scènes pubertaires » (Gutton, 1991) dans lesquelles s’actualise l’événement infantile, la violence de cet événement se liant à celle de l’adolescence. La crise traversée est l’occasion d’élaborer le trauma infantile, et de trouver et d’interroger les appuis proposés par l’environnement – la psychothérapie, l’institution et l’entourage familial. Cette étude de cas permet de réfléchir plus généralement aux enjeux œdipiens de la séparation, la visite de ses parents à l’acmé de sa crise lui ayant permis de s’engager plus avant dans un processus adolescens (Gutton, 1996). Ce travail offre également l’opportunité de s’intéresser aux travaux d’anthropologues et psychanalystes (Erny, 1972, 1988 ; Ortigues, 1966) dont les travaux apportent un éclairage précieux sur la séparation de l’enfant d’avec la mère et la famille, et sur les spécificités de l’organisation œdipienne en milieu africain.
Rites de passage et adolescence
Authors: Ahovi Jonathan , Moro Marie Rose
Published: December 2010

Résumé L’adolescence est souvent considérée comme un passage. Or, dans toutes les cultures, des façons de régler et de réguler les difficultés de passage d’un statut à un autre – dont le passage adolescent – sans trop d’angoisse pour les novices et pour les adultes déjà initiés, existent. Dans nos sociétés dites modernes, complexes et métissées le risque pour les adolescents de se perdre et de rester en marge semble plus grand. Nous voudrions clarifier les notions de rites de passage et en rappeler la définition et les fonctions à partir de l’apport d’A. Van Gennep.
L'ordalie : un rite de passage
Authors: Blanquet Brigitte
Published: December 2010

Résumé À l’adolescence le corps est central. Les problématiques ordaliques l’exposent, jusqu’à flirter avec la mort. Le corps est mis en scène. Il révèle l’histoire des traces d’anciens vécus traumatiques et des restes de vécu d’ambiguïté. L’analyse de ces traces-restes met en lumière l’étoffe d’une fantasmatique de vie-mort qui structure et organise l’organisation psychique de ces sujets. La nature de cette fantasmatique est d’essence originaire et se décline sous ces deux formes majeures : le fantasme de mono-engendrement, le fantasme du retour au matriciel.
Rites de groupes et héritages traumatiques
Authors: Drieu Didier , Corbin Stéphane
Published: December 2010

Résumé Certaines conduites à risques ont pu être comprises comme symptomatiques d’un « détraquement » des rites à l’adolescence. Ces comportements sont davantage utilisés pour tutoyer la mort, pour réintroduire le jugement ordalique quand des adolescents ne parviennent pas à intégrer l’insaisissable, faute d’être étayés dans leur cheminement par des références à l’institution. Toutefois, ces séquences paradoxales flirtent également, de manière cryptée, avec des mécanismes d’auto-création de soi dans un contexte de filiation traumatique. Ainsi, ces dynamiques reposent à la fois sur le fonctionnement adolescent, de leurs groupes et se trouvent mobilisées en négatif lorsque règnent des violences traumatiques en héritage. Nous proposons de discuter de ces configurations à travers l’exemple d’un groupe de jeunes harkis.
Les transparents
Authors: Léger Claude
Published: December 2010

Résumé Le bien-être est une notion introduite par l’universalisation des comportements par la science, référée à une Norme. L’idéologie de la prévention des risques qui en découle, aboutit à une pratique généralisée de la surveillance et de l’évaluation. Celle-ci suppose la transparence des individus et par là même, la forclusion du sujet.
Sujet de l'inconscient et discours des sciences humaines
Authors: Chaumon Franck
Published: December 2010

Résumé L’hypothèse selon laquelle de nouveaux sujets porteurs de pathologies nouvelles résulteraient de la nouvelle économie est pour l’essentiel fondée sur des travaux issus des sciences humaines. Il convient donc de ne pas les dissocier de leur lieu de production, c’est-à-dire du discours des sciences humaines, cas particulier du discours de la science. Celui-ci renvoie en fait à deux moments, hystérique et universitaire, dont les effets sont distincts. Dans le monde contemporain, le moment universitaire du discours des sciences humaines participe de ce que Foucault a nommé « biopolitique ».
La fugue ou les paradoxes de la jouissance Réflexions à propos de
Authors: Scherrer Ferdinand
Published: December 2010

Résumé La jouissance est chez Lacan, comme la Lust chez Freud, le thème inlassable et fuyant d’une écriture et d’une parole fuguée qui se développe et s’épure sans trouver de point final ou d’apaisement, et ce de structure. La lecture avant publication de l’ouvrage collectif, La jouissance au fil de l’enseignement de Lacan , sous la direction de Jean-Marie Jadin et de Marcel Ritter, m’a donné l’occasion de dégager le ressort intime qui noue sujet signifiant et jouissance : la différence absolue, c’est-à-dire sans rapport, et son impossible effacement qui a pour nom la jouissance Une et Infinie. Lacan en poussant sa réflexion sur la jouissance jusqu’aux confins des limites du pensable, de l’inscriptible et du figurable, reprend le fil ténu resté en suspens dans l’élaboration freudienne mais qui traverse, invisible, toute son œuvre, à savoir la coupure de l’énigmatique refoulement originel. La jouissance, Mot-valise qui renferme toutes les variétés de plaisirs et de jouissances mais qui est vide de l’objet convoité. Puis Mot-vide, aussi vide et plein que la copule du verbe être. Mot-trou, enfin, de l’impossible à vivre, à penser et à écrire. De notion elle devient champ gravitationnel et scande un mouvement qui passe d’une logique du signifiant et du manque à une impossible logique du trou et du réel. « La jouissance Autre », Une et Infinie au-delà des jouissances phalliques coordonnées par les signifiants, se joue à la lisière du mot et de la chose, en ce point non assignable du chiasme, du pli de « la logique et de la corporéité », de « l’aliénation et de la séparation », de la passivité signifiante et de la « passibilité » du vivant. Ce point est nommé vice de structure puis point infini de la nodalité du nœud. Ce lieu de la coupure radicale pour Lacan, du roc pour Freud est certes une béance toujours ouverte, mais aussi l’ombilic de la parole et de la métaphore créatrice.
Les déterminants de la synchronisation cyclique Tunisie-zone euro
Authors: Elachhab Fathi
Published: December 2010

Résumé Cet article vise à déterminer les causes de la synchronisation/ désynchronisation cyclique entre la Tunisie et ses principaux partenaires européens : l’Allemagne, la France et l’Italie. En suivant l’évolution temporelle des déterminants de la synchronisation, retenus dans la littérature, conjointement à celle des corrélations croisées, on a spécifié les facteurs potentiels du couplage/découplage cyclique. À l’aide d’une équation de long terme de cointégration, on a analysé le poids réel de l’intensité des échanges, des structures industrielles et des structures d’offre sur les changements au cours du temps des corrélations bilatérales. Les résultats montrent que (i) la synchronisation entre la Tunisie et la France est liée à l’intensité des échanges bilatéraux et à la similarité des politiques économiques ; (ii) la baisse des échanges bilatéraux et la dissimilarité des structures d’offre expliquent le découplage cyclique avec l’Allemagne ; (iii) avec l’Italie, c’est la dissimilarité des structures industrielles et du fonctionnement des marchés des biens et du travail qui sont à l’origine de la désynchronisation.
L'évolution des dépenses de santé depuis vingt ans : quelques éléments d'analyse
Authors: Elbaum Mireille
Published: December 2010

Résumé L’augmentation des dépenses de santé s’est poursuivie au cours des vingt dernières années, avec une nette inflexion par rapport à la période précédente et sous la forme d’une montée par paliers. Les soins hospitaliers gardent une part prédominante, qui s’érode au profit des médicaments. La prise en charge publique s’est déplacée vers l’hôpital et les pathologies lourdes, les affections de longue durée concentrant plus de 62 % des remboursements du régime général. Les processus de régulation demeurent encore inaboutis : les tentatives de régulation financière ont eu des effets perceptibles mais mitigés, et les changements ont pour l’instant peu affecté le cœur du fonctionnement du système. D’importantes incertitudes sont liées au traitement futur des déficits et à la dynamique des dépenses à long terme : elles portent sur l’impact du vieillissement, mais encore plus sur les autres facteurs d’évolution. Une série de questions est alors posée pour le débat.
Expenditure on health care services and population health
Authors: Rodwin Victor G.
Published: December 2010

Résumé Dans le débat public, et même dans la littérature sur les politiques de santé, il existe une confusion fréquente sur la relation entre les dépenses en services de santé et la santé des populations. Certains mettent en avant l’impact décisif des déterminants sociaux de la santé et d’autres insistent sur l’accès aux soins. À mi-chemin entre ces deux positions, certains s’intéressent non seulement aux conséquences de mauvaises conditions sociales, mais aussi aux éléments freinant l’accès aux services de soins, dont on sait qu’ils préviennent les maladies, réduisent les hospitalisations évitables et font baisser la mortalité prématurée. Inspiré d’un nouveau livre, Health Care in World Cities (Gusmano, Rodwin et Weisz), cet article attire l’attention sur l’importance de deux indicateurs qui révèlent quelque chose des contributions du système de santé à la santé des populations : les sorties d’hôpital pour des hospitalisations évitables et les revascularisations ajustées par la charge de la maladie.
Proposition méthodologique pour l'Analyse de la coopération dans une planification distribuée des actions
Authors: Pelayo Sylvia , Loiselet Anthony , Beuscart-Zéphir Marie Catherine , Rogalski Janine , Anceaux Françoise
Published: December 2010

Résumé L’objectif de cet article est de présenter une méthode d’analyse des communications orales entre médecins et infirmiers élaborée dans le cadre d’une recherche réalisée lors de l’accompagnement de l’informatisation de l’activité hospitalière de prescription – administration des médicaments. Le but sous-jacent est de comprendre l’impact de l’organisation de ces communications sur les activités coopératives des deux partenaires afin de faciliter et d’assurer un accompagnement efficace lors de l’installation des outils. La méthode mise au point nous permet (a) d’évaluer le caractère fonctionnel des activités coopératives, (b) d’analyser la dynamique de la coopération pour identifier le rôle de chacun des partenaires dans la relation coopérative et (c) d’identifier les contenus représentationnels nécessaires à un bon déroulement des activités.
Apports d'une représentation événementielle des activités médicales collaboratives : l'exemple de la surveillance épidémiologique pour l'alerte précoce
Authors: Pellegrin L. , Gaudin Charlotte , Bonnardel Nathalie , Chaudet Hervé
Published: December 2010

Résumé Nous proposons une méthode, eorca (Event Oriented Representation for Collaborative Activities), d’observation systématisée et de formalisation des tâches. Elle permet de mettre en évidence l’ensemble des actions individuelles et collectives mises en œuvre par les membres d’une équipe médicale lors d’une résolution de situation. Les caractéristiques fondamentales pour employer avec efficacité eorca sont les suivantes : une situation de supervision de situation complexe contrainte temporellement et partiellement contrôlée par les opérateurs, un espace commun regroupant les acteurs en un collectif de base et des systèmes assistant les opérateurs. L’objectif de cet article est de présenter cette méthode et d’en illustrer son application dans le cadre de l’étude, en simulation, de la gestion d’une alerte épidémiologique précoce par une équipe de médecins spécialistes.
Restricted Microbiota and Absence of Cognate TCR Antigen Leads to an Unbalanced Generation of Th17 Cells
Authors: Lochner Matthias , Bérard Marion , Sawa Shinichiro , Hauer Siona , Gaboriau-Routhiau Valérie , Fernandez Tahia Diana , Snel Johannes , Bousso Philippe , Cerf-Bensussan Nadine , Eberl Gérard
Published: December 2010

Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor (ROR)γt+ TCRαβ+ cells expressing IL-17, termed Th17 cells, are most abundant in the intestinal lamina propria. Symbiotic microbiota are required for the generation of Th17 cells, but the requirement for microbiota-derived Ag is not documented. In this study, we show that normal numbers of Th17 cells develop in the intestine of mice that express a single TCR in the absence of cognate Ag, whereas the microbiota remains essential for their development. However, such mice, or mice monocolonized with the Th17-inducing segmented filamentous bacteria, fail to induce normal numbers of Foxp3+ RORγt+ T cells, the regulatory counterpart of IL-17+RORγt+ T cells. These results demonstrate that a complex microbiota and cognate Ag are required to generate a properly regulated set of RORγt+ T cells and Th17 cells.
IFN Regulatory Factor 8 Restricts the Size of the Marginal Zone and Follicular B Cell Pools
Authors: Feng Jianxun , Wang Hongsheng , Shin Dong-Mi , Masiuk Marek , Qi Chen-Feng , Morse Herbert C.
Published: December 2010

Transcriptional control of marginal zone (MZ) and follicular (FO) B cell development remains incompletely understood. The transcription factor, IFN regulatory factor (IRF)8, is known to play important roles in the differentiation of early B cells. In this article, we demonstrate that IRF8 is also required for normal development of MZ and FO B cells. Mice with a conventional knockout of Irf8 (IRF8−/−) or a point mutation in the IRF association domain of IRF8 had increased numbers of MZ B cells. To determine the B cell-intrinsic effects of IRF8 deficiency, we generated mice with a conditional allele of Irf8 crossed with CD19-Cre mice (designated IRF8-conditional knockout [CKO]). These mice had enlarged MZ and increased numbers of MZ and FO B cells compared with controls. The FO B cells of CKO mice exhibited reduced expression of CD23 and moderately increased expression of CD21. Gene-expression profiling showed that increased B cell production in IRF8-CKO mice was associated with changes in expression of genes involved in regulation of transcription, signaling, and inflammation. Functional studies showed that IRF8-CKO mice generated normal Ab responses to T-independent and T-dependent Ags. Thus, IRF8 controls the expansion and maturation of MZ and FO B cells but has little effect on B cell function.
P-Rex1 and Vav1 Cooperate in the Regulation of Formyl-Methionyl-Leucyl-Phenylalanine–Dependent Neutrophil Responses
Authors: Lawson Campbell D. , Donald Sarah , Anderson Karen E. , Patton Daniel T. , Welch Heidi C. E.
Published: December 2010

G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activation elicits neutrophil responses such as chemotaxis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, which depend on the small G protein Rac and are essential for host defense. P-Rex and Vav are two families of guanine-nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for Rac, which are activated through distinct mechanisms but can both control GPCR-dependent neutrophil responses. It is currently unknown whether they play specific roles or whether they can compensate for each other in controlling these responses. In this study, we have assessed the function of neutrophils from mice deficient in P-Rex and/or Vav family GEFs. We found that both the P-Rex and the Vav family are important for LPS priming of ROS formation, whereas particle-induced ROS responses and cell spreading are controlled by the Vav family alone. Surprisingly, fMLF-stimulated ROS formation, adhesion, and chemotaxis were synergistically controlled by P-Rex1 and Vav1. These responses were more severely impaired in neutrophils lacking both P-Rex1 and Vav1 than those lacking the entire P-Rex family, the entire Vav family, or both P-Rex1 and Vav3. P-Rex1/Vav1 (P1V1) double-deficient cells also showed the strongest reduction in fMLF-stimulated activation of Rac1 and Rac2. This reduction in Rac activity may be sufficient to cause the defects observed in fMLF-stimulated P1V1 neutrophil responses. Additionally, Mac-1 surface expression was reduced in P1V1 cells, which might contribute further to defects in responses involving integrins, such as GPCR-stimulated adhesion and chemotaxis. We conclude that P-Rex1 and Vav1 together are the major fMLFR -dependent Dbl family Rac-GEFs in neutrophils and cooperate in the control of fMLF-stimulated neutrophil responses.
CD22 Is a Recycling Receptor That Can Shuttle Cargo between the Cell Surface and Endosomal Compartments of B Cells
Authors: O’Reilly Mary K. , Tian Hua , Paulson James C.
Published: December 2010

CD22 is a member of the sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin (Siglec) family that is known to be a regulator of B cell signaling. Its B cell-specific expression makes it an attractive target for immunotoxin-mediated B cell depletion therapy for the treatment of B cell lymphomas and autoimmune diseases. Although CD22 is well documented to be an endocytic receptor, it is believed that after internalization, it is targeted for degradation. We show in this study that CD22 is instead constitutively recycled to the cell surface. We also find that glycan ligand-based cargo is released from CD22 and accumulates intracellularly as CD22 recycles between the cell surface and endosomal compartments. In contrast, Abs to CD22 do not accumulate but remain bound to CD22 and recycle to the cell surface. The results have implications for development of agents that target CD22 as an endocytic receptor for delivery of cytotoxic cargo to B cells.