bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilizing Multi-Class Support Vector Machine to Detect Plant Leaf Diseases
Authors: Biswas Sampa , Mukherjee Mr. Joydeep
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Plant disease has a large influence on agricultural output and food security. For successful illness management, early detection and correct diagnosis of these disorders are critical. Digital image processing techniques have emerged as a viable tool for automated plant leaf disease identification in recent years. The goal of this study is to use image processing to create a more efficient and accurate system for detecting leaf illness. K-means clustering, Gray-Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM), and Support Vector Machine are used to create the model. Kmeans clustering is employed for image segmentation, GLCM, and multiclass SVM for feature extraction and illness classification respectively. The maximum accuracy is 98.4%
Thermal Area Law for Lattice Bosons
Authors: Lemm Marius , Siebert Oliver
Published: August 2023

A physical system is said to satisfy a thermal area law if the mutual information between two adjacent regions in the Gibbs state is controlled by the area of their boundary. Lattice bosons have recently gained significant interest because they can be precisely tuned in experiments and bosonic codes can be employed in quantum error correction to circumvent classical no-go theorems. However, the proofs of many basic information-theoretic inequalities such as the thermal area law break down for bosons because their interactions are unbounded. Here, we rigorously derive a thermal area law for a class of bosonic Hamiltonians in any dimension which includes the paradigmatic Bose-Hubbard model. The main idea to go beyond bounded interactions is to introduce a quasi-free reference state with artificially decreased chemical potential by means of a double Peierls-Bogoliubov estimate.
A Converse for Fault-tolerant Quantum Computation
Authors: G Uthirakalyani , Nayak Anuj K. , Chatterjee Avhishek
Published: August 2023

As techniques for fault-tolerant quantum computation keep improving, it is natural to ask: what is the fundamental lower bound on space overhead? In this paper, we obtain a lower bound on the space overhead required for ϵ-accurate implementation of a large class of operations that includes unitary operators. For the practically relevant case of sub-exponential depth and sub-linear gate size, our bound on space overhead is tighter than the known lower bounds. We obtain this bound by connecting fault-tolerant computation with a set of finite blocklength quantum communication problems whose accuracy requirements satisfy a joint constraint. The lower bound on space overhead obtained here leads to a strictly smaller upper bound on the noise threshold for noise that are not degradable. Our bound directly extends to the case where noise at the outputs of a gate are non-i.i.d. but noise across gates are i.i.d.
Duodenal Eosinophilia in Functional Dyspepsia
Authors: Silaeva A. S. , Bueverova E. L. , Shulpekova Yu. O.
Published: August 2023

Aim: to present observation of a patient diagnosed with functional dyspepsia based on current guidelines, and having increased eosinophil counts in the biopsy specimen of duodenal mucosa. To consider possible causes of duodenal eosinophilia in the light of present-day concepts.

Highlights. Patient K., 40 years old, complained of dyspeptic phenomena, the first appearance of which she had noted at the age of 18. The patient noted poor tolerance to canned and fermented foods, which provoked an increase in dyspepsia and sometimes caused watery diarrhea. The examination excluded “symptoms of concern”. Successful antihelicobacter eradication therapy was carried out. Morphological examination of the stomach showed phenomena of mild chronic inflammation without intestinal metaplasia or glandular atrophy. A biopsy of the mucosa of the descending part of the duodenum showed a moderate increase in the levels of mononuclears and eosinophils in its lamina propria without penetration into the epithelium of the villi or formation of clusters. The patient suffers from pollinosis; sensitization to birch pollen was diagnosed by a skin prick test. However, she has no oral allergy symptoms, which does not allow linking duodenal eosinophilia to food allergy. Based on current guidelines, the patient was diagnosed with functional dyspepsia. In addition to dietary restrictions, treatment courses with a proton pump inhibitor, itopride, and S-methylmethionine sulfonium chloride, which has an antihistamine effect, were recommended for periods of worsening dyspepsia.

Conclusion. The clinical significance of duodenal eosinophilia and local histamine production in patients with a clinical diagnosis of functional dyspepsia deserves special attention. Triggering factors provoking the worsening of symptoms should be analyzed; in particular, a food diary and exclusion of food allergies are recommended. Histamine-neutralizing drugs may play a role in the treatment of FD with duodenal eosinophilia in the future.
Multi-SVM Dalam Identifikasi Bunga Berbasis Ekstraksi Ciri Orde Satu
Authors: Sari Wellia Shinta , Sari Christy Atika
Published: August 2023

Bunga merupakan modifikasi tunas dimana bentuk, warna, dan susunannya menyesuaikan kepentingan dari tumbuhan tersebut. Bunga berfungsi sebagai tempat berlangsungnya penyerbukan. Ada sangat banyak jenis bunga yang dapat dikenali di dunia ini. Perkembangan teknologi saat ini dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai fasilitas kepada manusia untuk membangun sebuah sistem yang dapat mengenali suatu citra. Penelitian ini, mengusulkan teknik mengidentifikasi citra bunga dengan ekstraksi ciri orde satu dan berbasis Multi-Support Vector Machine (Multi-SVM). Pemilihan ekstraksi ciri orde satu adalah karena merupakan ekstraksi ciri tekstur pada struktur makro yang dianggap cocok dalam mengidentifikasi jenis bunga. Pada tahap ekstraksi ciri, citra yang semula adalah citra RGB dikonversi terlebih dahulu menjadi citra berskala abu-abu. Multi-SVM memiliki keunggulan dalam mengklasifikasikan lebih dari dua kelas. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan lima jenis bunga yaitu Rose, Calendula, Peony, Leucanthemum Maximum, dan Iris dengan 300 citra pelatihan dan 150 citra pengujian. Berdasarkan pengujian identifikasi, menghasilkam akurasi sebesar 90.6667%.
Prediksi Penyakit Jantung Menggunakan Attribute Weighting k-Nearest Neighbor
Authors: Agustiyar Agustiyar
Published: August 2023

Penyakit kardiovaskular atau lebih dikenal dengan penyakit jantung menjadi salah satu penyebab kematian tertinggi di Indonesia dan di tingkat global. Selain pola hidup sehat untuk mencegah penyakit tersebut, deteksi dini terhadap resiko penyakit jantung dapat dilakukan dengan data mining atau machine learning salah satunya k-NN. k-NN adalah salah satu metode data mining paling sederhana dan kuat dalam konsistensi hasil klasifikasi, akan tetapi memiliki kekurangan yaitu memberikan bobot yang sama kepada semua atribut. Penelitian ini mengusulkan pembobotan pada atribut untuk mengatasi kelemahan tersebut. Prediksi penyakit jantung digunakan untuk menggambarkan kinerja metode usulan. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan dataset Heart Disease, sebuah dataset publik dari University of California Irvine. Dengan menggunakan nilai k 3, 5, 7, 9 diperoleh rata-rata kinerja metode usulan sebesar 79,87% lebih baik dibandingkan Chi-Square k-NN 79,08% dan k-NN klasik 65,89%. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa metode pembobotan atribut berhasil mengatasi kekurangan k-NN, jadi metode usulan cocok untuk prediksi penyakit jantung.
China’s Economic Initiatives and their Impact on Environmental Governance of Global Infrastructure Projects
Authors: Chen Ian Tsung-yen
Published: August 2023

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) have raised concerns among critics about their potential negative impact on global environmental governance. These China-led initiatives may lower the environmental and social safeguard standards of their infrastructure investments abroad to outcompete other international financial institutions (IFIs) like the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the World Bank. This could trigger a race to the bottom in the global infrastructure investment market. The study found that while the BRI may have a significant influence on the norms and standards of development finance, the AIIB has only had limited impact. The market has become more concentrated rather than intensified competition. The ADB's standards have not been affected, but the World Bank may have been negatively impacted and reduced its project-level environmental safeguards. The negative impact extends beyond BRI countries to other countries. The most concerning finding relates to the substantial global investments in coal power projects under the BRI. To improve global sustainability, China and developed countries must collaborate to provide cleaner and more affordable infrastructure investment to developing countries.
Coronavirus disease 2019-associated acute necrotizing encephalopathy in a 9-year-old boy
Authors: Im Ock-Bin , Kim Min-Jee , Yum Mi-Sun , Jhang Won Kyoung
Published: August 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with a variety of neurologic manifestations. Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a rare, life-threatening complication characterized by rapid deterioration of neurologic status following viral infection, such as influenza or human herpesvirus 6. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, a rise in ANE cases associated with the infectious disease has been reported in adult patients. We present a case of COVID-19-associated ANE in a 9-year-old boy. The patient experienced 3 days of fever and mild respiratory symptoms, followed by lethargy. Magnetic resonance imaging on day 4 showed hyperintensity in the bilateral thalami, midbrain, pons, hypothalamus, and cerebellum, along with some areas of hemorrhage. From the imaging findings, ANE was strongly suspected, leading to the initiation treatment involving a 5-day course of remdesivir and multiple immunomodulator therapies, including high-dose corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, tocilizumab, and 10 cycles of therapeutic plasma exchange. Subsequently, the patient gradually improved, experiencing only minor neurological sequelae and showing favorable radiologic improvement. In COVID-19-infected patients presenting neurologic symptoms, it is crucial to promptly suspect and investigate unexplained encephalopathy using neuroimaging. Early administration of immunomodulator therapy is vital for the diagnosis and optimizing clinical outcomes.
A Structural Analysis of Religious Legends about an Iconic Image in the Philippines
Authors: Macatangay Jose
Published: August 2023

The study aimed to conduct a structural analysis of seven legends surrounding an iconic image in the Philippines, the Sto. Niño de Cebu. The corpora used for the study were limited to the legends on healing people’s illnesses through the Sto. Niño’s miraculous interventions. Specifically, this study identified the binary oppositions found in the legends, derived syntagmatic sequences or mythemes and their variations from the legends, determined the central message of each legend based on the mythemes, and related each legend to one another. This qualitative study adopted the procedures used by Gray (1978) in “Structural Analysis of Folktales: Techniques and Methodology.” The study found that each legend has its binary opposition/s and central message textually, and the mythemes were expressed in different details and bundles. Intertextually, such binary opposition sickness vs. healing, may be linked with the mythemes and central messages. The researcher recommends that future researchers study the other legends about the Sto. Niño focused on other themes to validate if the mythemes found in this study may apply or if a new set of mythemes may surface. It is also highly recommended that the Sto. Niño legends are included in the reading list or required readings in English and Philippine Literature classes. For the study’s academic implications, the study of religious legends, particularly the Sto. Niño legends as texts for critical analysis to apply Literary Criticism theories may be integrated into the basic and higher education curricula.
Historicising Foreign Powers’ Intervention in the Nigeria–Biafra War (1967-1970)
Authors: Okpevra Uwomano
Published: August 2023

The fratricidal war between Nigeria and Biafra ended some over five decades ago. But the lessons learned are not yet forgotten. This article attempts to historicise the role of foreign powers in the Nigeria–Biafra war of 1967-1970. Most scholars erroneously refer to the war as the Nigerian civil war, but historically it was a war fought by two “independent” countries – The Republic of Nigeria and Republic of Biafra, for There was a Country, as Achebe puts it (2012). Over the years the raison d’etre of foreign powers’ intervention in the war has not been properly contextualized. This work, then, sets out to historicise and deconstruct the determinant factors and the role played by foreign intervention in the war. The article employs both primary and secondary data to achieve its objective and reveal the national interests and foreign policy objectives – as expressed in economic, strategic and political objectives – that were factors in the foreign powers’ intervention. The fallout from the 1963 and 1964 general elections is a relevant initial cause of the Nigeria-Biafra war. The article intends to analyse and interpret the political thought processes that generated foreign intervention, and suggests that, should there be another implosion that leads to a repeat of 1967-1970, the foreign powers that politicians usually rely on for aid and assistance can be expected to respond in line with certain patterns of economic, strategic or political interest, to the detriment, needless to say, of the Nigerian people.
Memory and Identity in Haruki Murakami’s Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki and His Years of Pilgrimage
Authors: Dhar Nidhu Kumar
Published: August 2023

Haruki Murakami introduces a wide array of issues and topics in his fiction; his variegated characters typically enact a wide range of human attitudes and behaviours when encountering the problems of modern life. One recurrent theme in Murakami’s novels is memory. The novelist has a unique ability to present his characters “from the inside”, as it were, describing thus the interior mechanisms that make them who they are. His novels present an opportunity to understand the workings of memory and how people are led by its dictates. His characters often find themselves recollecting their past in order to sustain a present existence that is marred by some type of crisis. As they progress in time, protagonists experience a profound sense of disequilibrium that prompts them to return to the past in order to rebalance their self’s sense of value. In this regard, the paper investigates the dynamics of memory as well as its role in the formation of identity in Haruki Murakami’s novel Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki and His Years of Pilgrimage (2014). For this purpose, the paper draws on different theories of memory and identity in its analysis.
Turbulence of the Fin-de-siècle: Arts Through the Looking-Glass of Intermediality
Authors: Isagulov Mykyta
Published: August 2023

This paper addresses the fin-de-siècle period as a time when most of what are called intermedial processes, that is to say, those processes that arbitrate aesthetic design at the intersection between different media, began to play a substantial role in the production of cultural artifacts. The epoch is investigated through the prism of intermediality, which manifested itself as a valuable tool in the development of the arts and media, particularly after the birth of photography and cinematography. These intermedial processes fostered a media-based creative experimentation that culminated in the modernist and postmodernist movements. The role of intermediality in the fin-de-siècle, particularly in light of the syncretic processes it originated, is considered as an aftereffect of the tumultuous events of the time, which in a way acted as a stimulus for this new-fangled aesthetics. The paper concludes that the turbulence that characterizes this epoch, as well as the diffusion of new artistic and philosophical movements, impacted the development of mixed (intermedial) arts, stimulated their growth and activated the exploration of intermedial forms and genres in all the arts. This is the era of mass publishing and the growth of literacy rates, an era that laid the foundations for future theories on intertextuality and the idea of the work of art as an inclusive “canvas” inside of which all media have a place.
The Significance of Colour Symbolisms in Angela Carter’s The Bloody Chamber (1979)
Authors: Sen Ankita
Published: August 2023

The paper seeks to critically explore Angela Carter’s use of colour symbolisms in her short story “The Bloody Chamber” (1979). By focussing on the recurrent invocation of three major colours, namely red, black and white, the paper studies how chromatic coding becomes a potent rhetorical device through which the psychological and physical implications of gendered violence are negotiated in Carter’s story. Paying close attention to the protagonist’s interaction with an aesthetically stimulating narrative world, steeped in visceral colours, the paper attempts at problematizing the politics of victimisation and female agency that underlies the entire narrative. Carter’s deployment of colour symbolisms has a quasi-theatrical dimension that tends to visualise the subversive implications of the text. Keeping that in mind, the paper seeks to crack the chromatic codes at multiple levels; for instance, red is studied in context to patriarchal violation of female bodies, as an embodiment of female desire and a manifestation of female bonding. Black is read through the lens of motherhood where it becomes a visual trope that deconstructs the prototype of an ideal mother and individualises her as a redemptive and rebellious figure. Finally, by paying attention to Carter’s use of the colour white, the paper seeks to trace its dual purpose in perpetuating invisibilization of female desire and charging the act of seeing with an agential import.
Characteristics associated with the symptoms of premature ventricular contractions: patterns beyond electrocardiogram
Authors: Xu Tao , Xu Yangmiao , Dong Fangying , Zhang Muhua , Lou Chaobin , Xia Shudong , Feng Chao
Published: August 2023

Background: The management of idiopathic premature ventricular
contractions (PVCs) is mainly based on the presence of PVC-related
symptoms. However, the characteristics associated with the presence of
PVC-related symptoms and why many patients of PVCs reported no symptom
were still unclear. In this study, we tried to identify the
characteristics associated with the presence of PVC-related symptoms.
Methods: Patients of idiopathic PVCs with 24-h PVC burden more
than 1% were enrolled and were assigned to symptomatic group if they
reported palpitation or skipped heartbeat, or symptomless group if they
denied any symptom. Demographic data, characteristics of PVCs on 12-lead
electrocardiogram (ECG) and 24-h ECG were analyzed and compared between
two groups. Origins of PVCs were recorded for part of patients who
underwent radio-frequency ablation. Results: PVC burden was not
statistically different between patients with and without symptoms. More
symptomatic patients of PVCs were female and slim, had low ejection
fraction of left ventricle, high proportions of daytime PVCs especially
PVCs in the morning, with the presence of PVCs positively associated
with heart rate, and had higher prevalence of paired PVCs, interpolated
PVCs and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia. Conclusion:
Female gender, low BMI, daytime PVCs, fast-heart rate-dependent PVCs,
the presence of paired PVCs, interpolated PVCs and non-sustained
ventricular tachycardia were associated with the presence of PVC-related
symptoms.
Gastrointestinal manifestations are associated with severe COVID-19 in children
Authors: Akkoyun Esra Betul , Ashraf Bilal , Hanners Natasha , Kahn Jeffrey , Most Zachary
Published: August 2023

Background: Although less severe than in adults, children can experience
a range of COVID-19 symptoms, from asymptomatic to life-threatening,
including respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. Medical conditions
may also increase the severity of the disease in infected children.
Methods: A study was performed at a single center, comparing cases and
controls, and involving 253 pediatric patients who had been diagnosed
with COVID-19. Two different outcomes were assessed. The first
categorized symptomatic individuals who were hospitalized with COVID-19
(Hospital) from those who were not (Nonhospital). The second categorized
admitted individuals who spent at least one day in the intensive care
unit (ICU) from those who did not require ICU (Floor). Results: Ninety
individuals (36%) had at least one underlying medical condition, with
the most common being pulmonary disorders, such as asthma (12%),
followed by neurodevelopmental disorders (8%), gastrointestinal
disorders (6%). The Hospital group was more likely to have any
comorbidity such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), diabetes mellitus,
seizure disorder, hypertension, sickle cell disease, neurodevelopmental
disorder, and immunocompromising conditions including cancer, bone
marrow transplant, and other immunodeficiencies, compared to the
Nonhospital group. Abdominal pain was more common in the Hospital group.
shortness of breath (SOB) and diarrhea were significantly more common in
the ICU group than in the Floor group. Conclusions: Early identification
of pediatric patients with severe COVID-19 is important to improve
outcomes. In our single center case control study, we found that the
presence of G symptoms on presentation was more commonly associated with
severe COVID-19 in children.
Educational Levels and Wage Inequalities: Empirical evidence from Cameroon
Authors: AKUMBOM Paul , ABUENGMOH Peter
Published: August 2023

This study sought to investigate the effect of differences in
educational levels and wage earnings in Cameroon. To achieve this, data
was obtained from Cameroon household survey (ECAM4) database. The study
employed the regression-based decomposition technique and the Shapley
value approach to attain the objective. The findings revealed that there
was a positive relationship. Equally, the result further revealed that,
there was also a positive relationship between work experience and wage
earnings in Cameroon. More results indicated that primary education
explain 5.36% of inequality in wage earnings on a scale of 100.
Equally, secondary and higher education explain 1.09% and 0.03%
respectively. Meanwhile, work experience explains 27.17% of inequality
in wage earnings. Hours’ work, household’s size, age, sex, marital
status and residence explain 41.68%, 2.70%, 12.76%, 1.13%, 7.07%,
and 0.99% respectively. It was recommended that education for all
should be encouraged not only at the primary level as spelt out in the
development goals but even at tertiary levels. This can be done by
sensitizing parents on the importance of education for their children as
well as offering study leave possibilities to most workers. It can also
be done by further subsidizing education at the tertiary level.
Highlights - This study examined the effect of educational
levels on wage earnings in Cameroon using regression-based decomposition
and the Shapley value approach. - The findings revealed a positive
relationship between educational levels and wage earnings in Cameroon. -
Primary education explained 5.36% of wage earnings inequality, while
secondary and higher education explain 1.09% and 0.03% respectively. -
Work experience was a significant factor, explaining 27.17% of wage
earnings inequality.
Development of expert consensus to guide physical rehabilitation in children and adolescents with acquired brain injury during the subacute phase
Authors: Gmelig Meyling Christiaan , Verschuren Olaf , Rentinck Ingrid C.M. , Wright Virginia , Gorter Jan Willem , Engelbert Raoul H.
Published: August 2023

Objective: To develop consensus among experts to guide physical rehabilitation in children and adolescents with acquired brain injury during the subacute phase.
Design: International Delphi study.
Methods: A 3-round online Delphi study was conducted with 11 international experts in rehabilitation for children and adolescents with acquired brain injury. The first round consisted of open-ended questions; the second and third round consisted of ranking 139 statements on a 5-point Likert scale.
Results: The panel reached consensus on 116/139 statements. Consensus was reached on the importance of age, pre-injury developmental stage and the clinical presentation of the child when determining content and focus of physical rehabilitation. In addition, consensus was reached on the importance of participation-focused interventions, and involvement of family members in goal-setting and therapeutic activities. Although dosage was deemed very important, no consensus was reached for determination of dose-response variables to suit and influence the child’s needs.
Conclusion: This study provides a framework for clinicians to design physical rehabilitation interventions in children with acquired brain injury in the sub-acute recovery phase. The promotion of physical activity in meaningful contexts and involvement of family members are considered as important components to optimize recovery.
Current approaches to the genetic modification of mesenchymal stromal cells to increase their therapeutic efficacy
Authors: Limareva Larisa V. , Gribkova Olga V. , Iliasov Pavel V. , Grischuk Yaroslav К.
Published: August 2023

One of the extensively developing innovative approaches to the treatment of socially significant diseases is the use of cell technologies based on the transplantation and co-transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) or on the use of their secretome components. The interest in these cell therapies is driven by the low immunogenicity of MSCs, relative simplicity of the cell isolation and handling, a wide range of therapeutic effects and proven efficacy of reparative and immunosuppressive action thereof. By now, more than 2,000 clinical trials on the use of MSCs or their products in various pathological conditions have been completed, with more than 200 in the last five years. Both the immunosuppressive and the regenerative effects of MSCs are mediated to a great extent by their secretome which includes chemokines, growth factors, non-coding RNAs, and other active molecules. At the same time, the degree and character of MSCs effects depend not only on the microenvironment or body state, but also on the characteristics of MSCs themselves, including the genetic determinants governing levels of synthesis of bioactive molecules. In this review, options of genetic modification of MSCs in order to increase their therapeutic efficacy were considered.
Morphological and functional changes in urinary bladder of multiparous female rats submitted to resistance exercise
Authors: Moreno Monise , Magaldi Fernanda Milani , Magaldi Cristiane Milani , Fonseca Fernando Luiz Affonso , Cafarchio Eduardo Mazuco , Nucci Ricardo Aparecido Baptista , Sato Monica Akemi , Maifrino Laura Beatriz Mesiano
Published: August 2023

Objective: investigate whether resistance exercise can induce morphological and functional alterations in urinary bladder (UB) in multiparous rats. Methods: we used 40 adults female Wistar rats of which 20 were nulliparous and 20 were multiparous submitted to different volumes of moderate resistance exercise (one, three or ten weeks). Animals were submitted to the functional evaluation of UB. At the end of the protocol, the UB was removed, weighed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for structural evaluation, and picrosirius red for collagen fibers. Results: we observed that multiparity promoted increase in body mass, reduction in UB layers, decrease in volume densities of collagen fibers I and III. However, 10-weeks of training was able to reverse the negative effects of multiparity. Conclusion: the intervention of physical exercise in 10 weeks times seems to cause greater benefit in UB of multiparous animals by preventing morphofunctional changes that trigger lower urinary tract symptoms, such as urinary loss.
Biographies
Authors: Editor Issue
Published: August 2023

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Pengaruh Pemberian Asam Humat, Asam Fulvat, dan Pupuk Hayati pada Media Tanam terhadap Beberapa Sifat Kimia Tanah, Hasil, dan Kualitas Buah Stroberi (Fragaria ananassa)
Authors: Setiawati Mieke Rochimi , Rachelita Nadia , Fitriatin Betty Natalie , Nurbaity Anne , Yuniarti Anni , Suryatmana Pujawati , Hindersah Reginawanti
Published: August 2023

Aplikasi senyawa organik yang mengandung asam humat dan pupuk hayati dilaporkan mampu meningkatkan sifat fisik, kimia, dan biologi media tanam, meningkatkan hasil tanaman, serta mengurangi dosis pupuk anorganik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi senyawa organik yang mengandung asam humat, asam fulvat, dan pupuk hayati terhadap N-total dan P-total pada media tanam, serta hasil buah pada tanaman stroberi. Percobaan dilaksanakan di rumah kasa kebun stroberi di Cisarua, Kecamatan Lembang, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan tujuh perlakuan. Perlakuan percobaan terdiri dari senyawa organik yang mengandung 2% asam humat dengan dosis 0,9 kg/ha, senyawa organik yang mengandung 1% asam fulvat 1 l/ha, pupuk hayati Bion Up 3 l/ha, berbagai kombinasi asam humat, asam fulvat dan pupuk hayati, pada masing-masing perlakuan ditambahkan pupuk NPK 16:16:16 sebanyak 125 kg/ha, serta perlakuan kontrol berupa pupuk NPK 125 kg/ha. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan kombinasi asam humat, asam fulvat, pupuk hayati, dan pupuk NPK memberikan hasil yang lebih baik dalam meningkatkan N-total (1,27%) dan P-total (5,88%) media tanam, serta bobot buah stroberi per tanaman (34,97 g) dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya.
Kejadian dan Uji Hipersensitivitas Bakteri yang Berasosiasi dengan Penyakit Busuk Batang Jagung di Sumbawa Nusa Tenggara Barat
Authors: Fitri Elysa , Widiantini Fitri , Yulia Endah
Published: August 2023

Jagung merupakan salah satu komoditas penting yang mendukung perekonomian nasional di Indonesia, khususnya bagi masyarakat Sumbawa, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Keberadaan penyakit tanaman pada tanaman jagung dikhawatirkan menjadi ancaman terhadap produktivitas jagung di NTB. Salah satu penyakit yang dapat mengakibatkan kerugian hasil yang tinggi pada tanaman jagung adalah penyakit busuk batang yang dilaporkan disebabkan oleh patogen bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi kejadian penyakit dan menguji hipersensitivitas bakteri yang berasosiasi dengan penyakit busuk batang pada tanaman jagung di Kabupaten Sumbawa. Observasi di lapangan dilakukan di Kabupaten Sumbawa NTB sementara percobaan laboratorium dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Karantina Tumbuhan Sumbawa dan Laboratorium Bioteknologi Proteksi Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran, pada rentang waktu dari Februari hingga April 2023. Hasil survei lapangan menunjukkan bahwa gejala penyakit busuk batang ditemukan pada 13 lokasi pertanaman jagung di Kabupaten Sumbawa termasuk Kecamatan Moyo Hulu, Utan, Labangka, Labuhan Badas, Unter Iwes dan Potatano dengan kejadian penyakit yang masih rendah. Hasil uji Gram menunjukkan 13 isolat yang diperoleh adalah Gram negatif yang merupakan karakteristik umum bakteri patogen. Hasil uji hipersensitivitas pada daun tembakau menunjukkan gejala positif untuk 13 isolat bakteri tersebut.
KAJIAN RESIDUAL HEAT REMOVAL PADA TIPE REAKTOR SMRs
Authors: RAHMAN ZIKRILLAH IMADI
Published: August 2023

Small Modular Reactor / Small and Medium Reactor (SMRs) adalah sebuah inovasi baru dari sistem penggunaan energi nuklir yang dipergunakan untuk pembangkit listrik. SMRs sendiri sudah banyak negara yang berniat untuk membuat reaktor dikarenakan harganya yang murah, membutuhkan tempat yang tidak luas, memiliki sistem safety passive, dan memiliki risiko kecelakaan yang lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan reaktor nuklir konvensional. SMRs sendiri dapat menghasilkan sampai 300 MWe. Namun dikarenakan barunya SMRs, masih banyaknya penelitian yang harus dikembangkan. Terutama penelitian yang mencakup keamanan dan kenyamanan untuk pekerja dan masyarakat sekitar. Salah satu pengembangan dari sistem keamanan passive SMRs yang sedang dikembangkan adalah Residual Heat Removal. Tujuan dari penulisan untuk mengetahui sistem kerja dari sistem RHR yang digunakan pada beberapa reaktor SMRs. Metodologi penulisan dilakukan dengan cara studi literatur dengan membandingkan sistem kerja RHR pada reaktor yang akan dibahas. Hasil kajian yang menunjukan  perbedaan, keunggulan, dan kerugian sistem RHR yang digunakan dalam reaktor SMRs adalah tipe SMART reaktor  yang paling baik karena SMART reaktor sudah memenuhi minimal persyaratan sistem blackout untuk tipe reaktor smLWRs (small medium Light Water Reactor system).
EFEK PENAMBAHAN rGO PADA FOTOANODA TiO2 TERHADAP PERFORMA SEL SURYA TERSENSITASI DYE
Authors: SAFRIANI LUSI , RAHMADANI RAHMADANI
Published: August 2023

Sel surya tersensitasi dye merupakan sel surya yang banyak menarik perhatian karena prosespembuatannya mudah dengan biaya fabrikasi yang rendah, namun efisiensi sel surya ini masih relatif rendah.Berbagai upaya dilakukan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi sel surya tersensitasi dye, salah satunya adalah denganmenambahkan reduced graphene oxide (rGO) pada fotoanoda TiO2 membentuk nanokomposit TiO2-rGO.Metode pencampuran larutan digunakan untuk membuat nanokomposit TiO2-rGO dari pasta TiO2 dan serbuk rGO dengan konsentrasi 5wt% dalam etanol. Metode screen printing digunakan untuk membuat fotoanoda nanokomposit TiO2-rGO. Sel surya tersensitasi dye dengan fotoanoda nanokomposit TiO2-rGO menunjukkan rapat arus hubung singkat short circuit (JSC) 6,68 mA cm−2, tegangan rangkaian terbuka (VOC) 0,65 V dan efisiensi konversi 3,11%; yang lebih tinggi dari sel surya dengan fotoanoda TiO2 murni. Peningkatan efisiensi konversi terjadi karena rGO dapat mempermudah transport elektron dan mengurangi terjadinya proses rekombinasi pada interface antar lapisan.
STUDI PREPARASI KOMPOSIT ZnO:TiO2 SEBAGAI MATERIAL FOTOKATALIS
Authors: RAMADHIKA LUTFI NAUFAL , SAFRIANI LUSI , APRILIA ANNISA
Published: August 2023

Material ZnO dan TiO2 merupakan material yang sering digunakan sebagai material fotokatalis dikarenakan memiliki karakteristik aktivitas fotokatalitik. Penggabungan dua metal oksida ini diharapkan dapat memanfaatkan sifat unggul dari keduanya. Serbuk komposit ZnO:TiO2 disintesis dengan metode sol gel menggunakan larutan prekursor zinc acetate dihiydrate dan titanium tetra isopropoxide dengan variasi persen massa (wt%) sebesar 1:1; 0,8:0,2; 0,6:0,4; 0,4:0,6; dan 0,2:0,8. Karakterisasi material komposit yang dihasilkan mengggunakan SEM-EDS, Spektroskopi UV-Vis, Spektroskopi PL, dan XRD. Degradasi senyawa polutan pada larutan metil biru dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi sifat fotokatalitik senyawa komposit dengan penyinaran sinar UV-C selama 360 menit. Energi gap dari gabungan senyawa ZnO:TiO2 yang diamati dari pengukuran spektrum UV-Vis sekitar 3,11 – 2,99 eV. Struktur ZnO:TiO2 sebelum kalsinasi 500°C, memiliki struktur hexagonal wurtzite pada ZnO namun puncak difraksi kristal TiO2 tidak teramati. Hal ini kemungkinan terjadi karena rendahnya kualitas kristal TiO2 yang disebabkan oleh proses sintesis. Selain itu kemungkinan adanya rekombinasi elektron dengan hole akibat adanya defect berupa vakansi Ti akibat kualitas TiO2 yang kurang baik. Hasil uji fotokatalis terbaik diperoleh dari perbandingan ZnO:TiO2 sebesar 0,4:0,6 dengan konstanta laju degradasi polutan 0,006/menit.
PENGARUH RASIO MOLAR ASAM SITRAT DAN THIOUREA PADA SPEKTRA ABSORBANSI DAN FLUORESENSI LARUTAN CARBON QUANTUM DOTS
Authors: BAHTIAR AYI
Published: August 2023

Carbon Quantum Dots (CQD) merupakan material fluoresensi 0-dimensi (0D) yang memiliki sifat-sifat fotokimia yang stabil, memiliki biokompatibilitas yang baik, dapat didispersi dalam air, tidak beracun dan mudah disintesis dengan cara yang sederhana dan ramah lingkungan serta mudah difungsionalisasi sesuai dengan kebutuhan aplikasi. Saat ini banyak dikembangkan CQD fluoresensi sebagai material sensor untuk mendeteksi kandungan logam berat, khususnya ion logam merkuri (Hg2+) dalam air tercemar, karena sifat unggul tersebut. Umumnya doping dengan atom selain karbon, seperti Nitrogen (N), Sulfur (S) atau kombinasi N dan S (doping ganda) digunakan untuk meningkatkan intensitas fluoresensi atau Fluorescence Quantum Yield dan selektifitas terhadap deteksi ion logam merkuri. Namun, masalah dalam pembuatan CQD yang terdoping adalah bagaimana mengontrol proses doping atom N dan/atau S ke permukaan CQD (CQD doping ganda N,S) agar dihasilkan sensor yang sensitif dan akurat dalam mendeteksi ion logam merkuri dalam air tercemar dalam konsentrasi yang kecil (nano-Molar, nM). Dalam penelitian ini, sintesis CQDs dilakukan dengan metode hidrotermal menggunakan asam sitrat (C6H8O7) atau CA sebagai sumber karbon (C) dan thiourea (CH4N2S) atau THU sebagai sumber doping atom N dan S. Asam sitrat dan thiourea dilarutkan dalam deionized water dengan variasi rasio molar CA:THU (1:1), (1:3) dan (1:5). Proses hidrotermal dilakukan dalam teflon autoclave pada suhu 160 °C selama 4 jam. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa larutan CQD berubah warna menjadi biru tosca ketika disinari dengan laser 365 nm, yang menunjukkan bahwa CQD dengan ukuran kurang dari 10 nm sudah terbentuk. Hasil pengukuran FTIR baik pada larutan maupun pada film CQD, menunjukkan bahwa doping atom N dan S pada CQD sudah terbentuk, yang diindikasikan adanya ikatan antara C-N pada bilangan gelombang 1450 cm-1 dan ikatan C-S pada 1112 cm-1. Hasil pengukuran EDS dari film CQDs, diperoleh bahwa rasio persen atomik N/C dan S/C pada rasio CA:THU (1:3) yang paling mendekati hasil perhitungan secara stoikiometri. Variasi molar CA dan THU mempengaruhi spektrum absorbansi dan fluoresensi larutan CQD. Spektrum absorbansi larutan CQD dengan rasio CA:THU (1:1) memiliki dua-puncak absorbansi pada panjang gelombang 326 nm dan 407 nm, sedangkan spektra absorbansi untuk rasio molar 1:3 dan 1:5 memiliki tiga-puncak yaitu di 336 nm, 407 nm dan 595 nm. Puncak absorbansi pada panjang gelombang 595 nm meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya molar thiourea, akibat meningkatnya atom sulfur. Sedangkan dari spektrum fluoresensi, puncak spektrum emisi bergeser dari 447 nm ke 458 nm dan 475 nm, ketika rasio molar CA:THU berubah dari 1:1 menjadi 1:3 dan 1:5. Pergeseran panjang gelombang puncak emisi ini diakibatkan dengan meningkatnya jumlah atom dopan N dan S dari thiourea (THU) yang menempel di permukaan CQD.
KAJIAN KONDISI ATMOSFER SAAT KEJADIAN HUJAN LEBAT PENYEBAB BANJIR DI KOTA PALEMBANG (Studi Kasus Tanggal 13 September 2021)
Authors: SETIAWAN ARIF
Published: August 2023

Pada tanggal 13 September 2021, Sejumlah wilayah di Kota Palembang terendam banjir yang disebabkan karena hujan lebat yang terjadi di wilayah tersebut. Berdasarkan data curah hujan BMKG, curah hujan yang tercatat pada tanggal tersebut adalah sebesar 70.3 mm. Dilakukan analisis Citra Satelit Himawari-8 untuk melihat sebaran awan konvektif, serta analisis dinamika atmosfer untuk melihat kondisi atmosfer saat kejadian hujan lebat dan mengetahui penyebab terbentuknya awan-awan konvektif penyebab hujan lebat tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik RGB (Red Green Blue) pada satelit Himawari-8, dengan menggunakan beberapa skema yaitu 24-Hour Microphysics RGB, AirMass RGB dan Ash RGB. Dari hasil analisisnya dapat diketahui bahwa kejadian hujan lebat yang menyebabkan banjir di Palembang adalah disebabkan karena awan cumulonimbus yang menutupi wilayah tersebut. Dari metode RGB diketahui bahwa terdapat massa udara hangat di wilayah Palembang yang memicu pertumbuhan awan konvektif. Selain itu, adanya daerah konvergensi angin di sebelah Timur Kota Palembang serta aktifnya beberapa fenomena-fenomena cuaca global maupun regional seperti La Nina dan MJO juga menjadi faktor pemicu pertumbuhan awan konvektif penyebab curah hujan yang tinggi di Wilayah Palembang.Kata Kunci      : Banjir, Hujan Lebat, Himawari-8, RGB, cumulonimbus
PENGARUH VISKOSITAS LARUTAN TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK TiO2 NANOFIBER YANG DIBUAT MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK ELEKTROSPINNING
Authors: FAJARIAH AMALIA ROHMAH , APRILIA ANNISA , FAIZAL FERRY , SAFRIANI LUSI
Published: August 2023

Titanium Dioksida (TiO2) memiliki band gap yang lebar (3,2 eV), luas permukaan yang tinggi, tidak beracun, dan stabilitas termal dan kimia yang baik. TiO2 dalam bentuk nanofiber telah banyak menarik minat dalam berbagai aplikasi karena memiliki rasio permukaan volume dan porositas yang tinggi. Pada penelitian ini, telah berhasil dibuat nanofiber TiO2 menggunakan metode electrospinning. Nanofiber TiO2 dihasilkan dengan membuat larutan prekursor menggunakan titanium (IV) isopropoksida (TTIP) dan Polivinil Asetat dengan variasi viskositas 75 mPas, 100 mPas, dan 140 mPas untuk melihat pengaruh morfologi TiO2 nanofiber. Selain itu, diamati juga struktur kristal dan sifat optik dari TiO2 nanofiber yang dihasilkan. Pada proses electrospinning digunakan tegangan 12 kV dan jarak ujung jarum ke kolektor sejaun 10 cm, lalu dikalsinasi pada suhu 450oC selama 45 menit. Sampel yang telah dikalsinasi kemudian dianalisis menggunakan karakterisasi SEM, XRD, dan UV-Vis. Berdasarkan hasil karakterisasi SEM, larutan dengan viskositas 140 mPas menghasilkan nanofiber yang kontinyu, sedikit beads, sedikit aglomerasi, meskipun belum homogen. Dari hasil XRD, diidentifikasi bahwa struktur TiO2 yang dihasilkan adalah anatase. Hasil spektroskopi UV-Vis menunjukkan bahwa energy gap dari TiO2 nanofiber untuk masing-masing viskositas berkisar pada 3,20 eV.
PENGARUH JENIS PREKURSOR TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK PARTIKEL ZnO BESERTA PENGUJIAN SIFAT FOTOKATALITIKNYA
Authors: AMANDA NUR APRILIA , RAMADHIKA LUTFI NAUFAL , BAHTIAR AYI , SAFRIANI LUSI , APRILIA ANNISA
Published: August 2023

Material ZnO disintesis menggunakan prekursor berbeda, yaitu zinc acetate dihydrate dan zinc nitrate hexahydrate dalam aplikasinya sebagai material aktif fotokatalis. Kedua material disintesis menggunakan metode sol-gel. Struktur material dikarakterisasi menggunakan XRD dan FTIR, morfologi menggunakan TEM dan BET, komposisi menggunakan EDS, sifat optik menggunakan PL Spectroscopy dan UV-Vis Spectroscopy, serta dispersitas menggunakan Zeta Potential. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan material ZnO yang terbentuk telah memiliki struktur wurtzite dan bermorfologi spherical. Masih terdapat ikatan-ikatan karbonil yang merupakan residu dari proses sintesis yang belum sepenuhnya hilang. Komposisi atom, dispersitas, dan band gap untuk kedua material tidak jauh berbeda. Pada ZnO-A terdapat defect berupa zinc vacancies. Ukuran partikel ZnO-A lebih kecil daripada ZnO-N, sehingga luas permukaan spesifiknya pun jauh lebih besar. Pengujian sifat fotokatalitik dilakukan menggunakan larutan metil biru 3,2 ppm selama 45 menit di bawah sinar matahari. Didapat nilai konstanta laju degradasi sebesar 0,0604/menit untuk ZnO-A dan 0,0763/menit untuk ZnO-N, serta besar efisiensi 94% untuk ZnO-A dan 97% untuk ZnO-N.Kata kunci: fotokatalis, serbuk ZnO, sol-gel, prekursor
TINJAUAN METEOROLOGIS PADA FENOMENA HUJAN LEBAT PENYEBAB BANJIR (STUDI KASUS: CILACAP, 16-17 NOVEMBER 2020 DAN KENDAL, 19 NOVEMBER 2020)
Authors: PRASETYO SUWIGNYO , ZAKIR ACHMAD
Published: August 2023

Banjir akibat hujan lebat dengan durasi yang lama terjadi di Cilacap (16-17 November 2020) menyebabkan beberapa kecamatan terendam. Hal serupa juga terjadi di Kecamatan Boja, Kendal (19 November 2020). Namun, banjir yang dihasilkan adalah banjir bandang akibat luapan Sungai Blorong sehingga menyebabkan dua orang tewas akibat terseret arus banjir. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan kajian mengenai dinamika atmosfer di wilayah tersebut untuk mengetahui penyebabnya dalam fokus kajian meteorologi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui penyebab terjadinya fenomena tersebut beserta dinamika atmosfer yang menyertainya. Hasil analisis dinamika atmosfer dengan menggunakan parameter vortisitas, divergensi, dan vertical transport pada lapisan signifikan menunjukkan proses konvektif yang kuat dan didukung keadaan fenomena global La Nina sehingga potensi terjadi hujan lebat sangat intens. Analisis skala lokal dengan indeks stabilitas udara di kedua wilayah studi menunjukkan kondisi atmosfer yang sangat labil. Analisis citra satelit menunjukkan pada kedua wilayah Cilacap dam Kendal terdapat fase awan tebal yang menghasilkan  hujan lebat ditandai dengan suhu pucak awan masing -76℃ dan -80℃.
ANALISIS VARIABILITAS CUACA DARI TAIFUN MOLAVE DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP DISTRIBUSI CURAH HUJAN DI LAUT CINA SELATAN (STUDI KASUS 27 - 28 OKTOBER 2020)
Authors: BETARI WINONA PUSPA
Published: August 2023

Pada tanggal 25 Oktober 2020 telah terbentuk siklon tropis di kawasan Laut Cina Selatan, tepatnya di sebelah barat Filipina. Siklon tropis ini dikenal dengan nama Taifun Molave atau Topan Quinta karena intensitasnya yang besar dan berdampak buruk di negara Filipina. Akibat yang ditimbulkan seperti banjir, intensitas hujan sedang hingga lebat, gelombang tinggi, angin kencang, hingga tanah longsor menyebabkan penerbangan dan aktivitas manusia terhambat, kerusakan bangunan, hingga jatuhnya korban jiwa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor pembentuk dari taifun Molave, intensitas taifun Molave pada tanggal 28 Oktober 2020, dan pengaruh taifun Molave terhadap akumulasi curah hujan di Laut Cina Selatan. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data reanalisis suhu permukaan laut dan anomali suhu permukaan laut dari NOAA, data Satelit Himawari 8 kanal IR, data gradien tekanan dari BoM, dan data curah hujan dari GSMaP selama periode taifun Molave. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode Dvorak dan pemetaan spasial dan temporal. Diketahui bahwa suhu permukaan laut tempat terbentuknya taifun Molave mencapai 30.5°C, dengan anomali suhu permukaan laut mencapai +2°C. Intensitas taifun Molave yang merupakan siklon tropis kategori 2 memiliki Tnumber 5 dengan kecepatan angin 90 knot dan tekanan minimumnya 954 mb. Hal ini menyebabkan distribusi curah hujan mencapai 100mm/jam yang dapat menyebabkan banjir dan gelombang tinggi ke daratan sekitarnya.
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI MONOMER PENGGANTI OCTAMETHYLCYCLOTETRASILOXANE DARI HIDROLISIS SENYAWA DICHLORODIMETHYLSILANE
Authors: SANDI DIMAS , FAUZIAH ULFA , ARINI VIRA FUJI , SETIADJI SONI , AULIA DIBA GRACE , RISDIANA RISDI
Published: August 2023

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) merupakan bahan penting yang sering digunakan dalam bedah vitrectomy sebagai cairan pengganti vitreous humor. PDMS telah berhasil disintesis menggunakan monomer Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) dan Hexamethyldisiloxane (MM) melalui metode Ring-Opening Polymerization (ROP) yang telah kami laporkan sebelumnya. Namun, monomer D4 tersebut sulit diperoleh di Indonesia dan harganya relative mahal. Dalam penelitian ini, kami telah berhasil mensintesis monomer pengganti D4 melalui hidrolisis Dichlorodimethylsilane (DCMS). Proses hidrolisis diawali dengan mencampurkan DCMS dan dichloromethane (DCM). Milli-Q water kemudian ditambahkan kedalam campuran tersebut secara perlahan dengan rasio DCM: milli-Q water sebesar 2:1. Reaksihidrolisisberlangsungdalamsistemrefluksberpengadukselama120 menitmelaluipemanasan.Sampel monomer yang dihasilkan transparan dan berminyak. Sampel monomer dikarakterisasi untuk mendapatkan nilai viskositas, tegangan permukaan, indeks bias dan gugus fungsi.
PEMBUATAN DAN KARAKTERISASI STRUKTUR KRISTAL BAHAN OVER DOPED SUPERKONDUKTOR DOPING ELEKTRON (Eu)_(2-X) (Ce)_X (CuO)_(4+Α-Δ) (ECCO)
Authors: MARYATi YATI , SARAGI TOGAR , RISDIANA RISDIANA
Published: August 2023

Telah dilakukan pembuatan dan karakterisasi struktur kristal bahan superkonduktor doping elektron Eu2-xCexCuO4+α-δ (ECCO) dengan kandungan doping lebih besar dari keadaan optimum (over doped), yaitu x=0.17, 0.18, 0.20 untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan x terhadap struktur kristalnya. Proses annealing dilakukan pada rentang suhu 900-930°C dengan variasi waktu antara 10-20 jam. Hasil XRD menunjukkan bahwa semua bahan yang telah diuji memiliki struktur kristal tetragonal. Parameter kisi a mengalami penurunan seiring dengan penambahan konsentrasi doping Ce4+. Hal tersebut dikarenakan jari-jari Ce4+ yang lebih kecil dibandingkan jari-jari Eu3+.