bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement in Etching Rate for Epilayer Lift-Off Application with Low Surface Tension Fluid
Authors: Horng Ray-Hua , Wu F. L. , Tseng M. C.
Published: March 2013

In this study, GaAs epilayer is quickly separated from GaAs substrate by epitaxial lift-off (ELO) process with mixture etchant solution. The HF solution mixes with low surface tension fluid as mixture etchant solution to etch sacrificial layer. The pattern array is not only used as etching path for the selective wet etching of AlAs sacrificial layer, but also used to define the cell size. The release time depends different the concentration ratio of mixture etchant solution and cell size. The concentration ratio of 1:1 mixture etchant shows the fastest lateral etching rate (13.2 μm/min) for 1 mm2 cell size. It is because HF mixture etchant solution provides hydrophilicity to modify the surface tension energy between GaAs epilayer and GaAs substrate. The low surface tension fluid enhances the fluid properties of the mixture etchant between GaAs epilayer and GaAs substrate. The results indicate that etching ratio and stability are improved by mixture etchant solution.
Regulation of adipose branched-chain amino acid catabolism enzyme expression and cross-adipose amino acid flux in human obesity
Authors: Lackey Denise E. , Lynch Christopher J. , Olson Kristine C. , Mostaedi Rouzbeh , Ali Mohamed , Smith William H. , Karpe Fredrik , Humphreys Sandy , Bedinger Daniel H. , Dunn Tamara N. , Thomas Anthony P. , Oort Pieter J. , Kieffer Dorothy A. , Amin Rajesh , Bettaieb Ahmed , Haj Fawaz G. , Permana Paska , Anthony Tracy G. , Adams Sean H.
Published: March 2013

Elevated blood branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are often associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, which might result from a reduced cellular utilization and/or incomplete BCAA oxidation. White adipose tissue (WAT) has become appreciated as a potential player in whole body BCAA metabolism. We tested if expression of the mitochondrial BCAA oxidation checkpoint, branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKD) complex, is reduced in obese WAT and regulated by metabolic signals. WAT BCKD protein (E1α subunit) was significantly reduced by 35–50% in various obesity models ( fa/fa rats, db/db mice, diet-induced obese mice), and BCKD component transcripts significantly lower in subcutaneous (SC) adipocytes from obese vs. lean Pima Indians. Treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes or mice with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonists increased WAT BCAA catabolism enzyme mRNAs, whereas the nonmetabolizable glucose analog 2-deoxy-d-glucose had the opposite effect. The results support the hypothesis that suboptimal insulin action and/or perturbed metabolic signals in WAT, as would be seen with insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes, could impair WAT BCAA utilization. However, cross-tissue flux studies comparing lean vs. insulin-sensitive or insulin-resistant obese subjects revealed an unexpected negligible uptake of BCAA from human abdominal SC WAT. This suggests that SC WAT may not be an important contributor to blood BCAA phenotypes associated with insulin resistance in the overnight-fasted state. mRNA abundances for BCAA catabolic enzymes were markedly reduced in omental (but not SC) WAT of obese persons with metabolic syndrome compared with weight-matched healthy obese subjects, raising the possibility that visceral WAT contributes to the BCAA metabolic phenotype of metabolically compromised individuals.
Reduction of oxidative stress during recovery accelerates normalization of primary cilia length that is altered after ischemic injury in murine kidneys
Authors: Kim Jee In , Kim Jinu , Jang Hee-Seong , Noh Mi Ra , Lipschutz Joshua H. , Park Kwon Moo
Published: March 2013

The primary cilium is a microtubule-based nonmotile organelle that extends from the surface of cells, including renal tubular cells. Here, we investigated the alteration of primary cilium length during epithelial cell injury and repair, following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) insult, and the role of reactive oxygen species in this alteration. Thirty minutes of bilateral renal ischemia induced severe renal tubular cell damage and an increase of plasma creatinine (PCr) concentration. Between 8 and 16 days following the ischemia, the increased PCr returned to normal range, although without complete histological restoration. Compared with the primary cilium length in normal kidney tubule cells, the length was shortened 4 h and 1 day following ischemia, increased over normal 8 days after ischemia, and then returned to near normal 16 days following ischemia. In the urine of I/R-subjected mice, acetylated tubulin was detected. The cilium length of proliferating cells was shorter than that in nonproliferating cells. Mature cells had shorter cilia than differentiating cells. Treatment with Mn(III) tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin (MnTMPyP), an antioxidant, during the recovery of damaged kidneys accelerated normalization of cilia length concomitant with a decrease of oxidative stress and morphological recovery in the kidney. In the Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, H2O2 treatment caused released ciliary fragment into medium, and MnTMPyP inhibited the deciliation. The ERK inhibitor U0126 inhibited elongation of cilia in normal and MDCK cells recovering from H2O2 stress. Taken together, our results suggest that primary cilia length reflects cell proliferation and the length of primary cilium is regulated, at least, in part, by reactive oxygen species through ERK.
The Ulam Type Stability of a Generalized Additive Mapping and Concrete Examples
Authors: Oda Hiroyoshi , Tsukada Makoto , Miura Takeshi , Kobayashi Yuji , Takahasi Sin-Ei
Published: March 2013

We give an Ulam type stability result for the following functional equation:f(αx−αx′+x0)=βf(x)−βf(x′)+y0  (for all  x,x′∈X)under a suitable condition. We also give a concrete stability result for the case taking upδ∥x∥p∥x′∥qas a control function.
Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Sediments and Waters from Cocoa Producing Areas of Ondo State, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Okoya Aderonke Adetutu , Ogunfowokan Aderemi Okunola , Asubiojo Olabode Idowu , Torto Nelson
Published: March 2013

This study investigated levels of organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residues in water and sediment samples from eleven rivers serving as drinking water sources and receiving runoff from nearby cocoa plantations in Ondo State, Nigeria. Twenty-two composite samples of surface water and sediments (0–3 cm) were collected randomly using grab technique and replicated thrice per season. The efficiency of the two techniques [supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and liquid/liquid extraction (LLE)] was evaluated with percentage analyte recoveries to for SFE and to 1 for LLE. Determination of OCPs by gas chromatography with electron capture detection gave higher concentrations for sediments compared to the equivalent water samples. The commonly occurring pesticide residues in the sediments were (range, μg g−1) cis-chlordane 0.03–6.99; α-endosulfan 0.03–6.99; p,p′-DDE 0.08–19.04; and dieldrin 0.01–7.62; in the sediments and dieldrin (not detected-1.51 μg L−1) in water samples, during the dry season. OCP levels were significantly higher in dry season than wet season among the rivers. The study concluded that most of the rivers in cocoa growing areas were contaminated with OCPs associated with agricultural activities.
Summation of Multiple Fourier Series in Matrix Weighted -Spaces
Authors: Nielsen Morten
Published: March 2013

This paper is concerned with rectangular summation of multiple Fourier series in matrix weighted -spaces. We introduce a product Muckenhoupt condition for matrix weights and prove that rectangular Fourier partial sums converge in the corresponding matrix weighted space , , if and only if the weight satisfies the product Muckenhoupt condition. The same result is shown to hold true for other summation methods such as Cesàro and summation with the Jackson kernel.
Weight-Based Clustering Decision Fusion Algorithm for Distributed Target Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Huang Haiping , Chen Lei , Cao Xiao , Wang Ruchuan , Wang Qianyi
Published: March 2013

We use a great deal of wireless sensor nodes to detect target signal that is more accurate than the traditional single radar detection method. Each local sensor detects the target signal in the region of interests and collects relevant data, and then it sends the respective data to the data fusion center (DFC) for aggregation processing and judgment making whether the target signal exists or not. However, the current judgment fusion rules such as Counting Rule (CR) and Clustering-Counting Rule (C-CR) have the characteristics on high energy consumption and low detection precision. Consequently, this paper proposes a novel Weight-based Clustering Decision Fusion Algorithm (W-CDFA) to detect target signal in wireless sensor network. It first introduces the clustering method based on tree structure to establish the precursor-successor relationships among the clusters in the region of interests and then fuses the decision data along the direction from the precursor clusters to the successor clusters gradually, and DFC (i.e., tree root) makes final determination by overall judgment values from subclusters and ordinary nodes. Simulation experiments show that the fusion rule can obtain more satisfactory system level performance at the environment of low signal to noise compared with CR and C-CR methods.
A Simulation Study of the Formation of Large-Scale Cyclonic and Anticyclonic Vortices in the Vicinity of the Intertropical Convergence Zone
Authors: Mingalev Igor V. , Astafieva Natalia M. , Orlov Konstantin G. , Mingalev Victor S. , Mingalev Oleg V. , Chechetkin Valery M.
Published: March 2013

A regional nonhydrostatic mathematical model of the wind system of the lower atmosphere, developed recently in the Polar Geophysical Institute, is utilized to investigate the initial stage of the origin of large-scale vortices at tropical latitudes. The model produces three-dimensional distributions of the atmospheric parameters in the height range from 0 to 15 km over a limited region of the Earth’s surface. Time-dependent modeling is performed for the cases when, at the initial moment, the simulation domain is intersected by the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). Calculations are made for various cases in which the initial forms of the intertropical convergence zone are different and contained convexities with distinct shapes, which are consistent with the results of satellite microwave monitoring of the Earth’s atmosphere. The results of modeling indicate that the origin of convexities in the form of the intertropical convergence zone, having distinct configurations, can lead to the formation of different large-scale vortices, in particular, a cyclonic vortex, a pair of cyclonic-anticyclonic vortices, and a pair of cyclonic vortices, during a period not longer than three days. The radii of these large-scale vortices are about 400–600 km. The horizontal wind velocity in these vortices can achieve values of 15–20 m/s in the course of time.
The Burden of New Leprosy Cases in India: A Population-Based Survey in Two States
Authors: Kumar Anil , Husain Sajid
Published: March 2013

Objectives. To assess the burden of new leprosy cases in India and the efficiency of case detection work by ASHA in general health system. Methods. A sample survey of 804,536 persons was undertaken in 8 districts during 2009-2010: 4 each in Haryana (low endemic for leprosy) and Uttar Pradesh (high endemic for leprosy). About 20% population was covered from urban areas. Results. The survey suggested that burden of new case detection rate of leprosy in India per 10,000 population could be 4.41 in comparison to 1.09 as per government records. When present observation is adjusted to team performance in rural area, the NCDR increased to 10.64 per 10,000. This leads to suggest that NCDR in India could further increase to 9.76 times when adjusted to team performance. This data suggest that large numbers of early leprosy cases do not reach the health facilities where leprosy treatment is provided, although some chronically ill patients reach late, and thus multibacillary disease is found more in passive reporting. This could also be an indicator of a large number of established cases not being sufficiently self-motivated or lacking knowledge to utilize the free diagnosis and treatment services. Thus, the programme needs to be designed to meet these objectives effectively to better utilize the available services to reduce the leprosy burden. Conclusion. Active survey detected many folds higher leprosy cases in community, and this suggests that the information, education, and communication based approaches have a very minimal effect. If the programme continues to be based on IEC activities, the information should be designed in such a way that most persons suspected to have leprosy can know about free treatment, place of availability, and its effectiveness. However, leprosy elimination campaign surveys may be used as a tool to filter large pool of cases from community.
A Rare Clinical Presentation of Darier’s Disease
Authors: Ferizi Mybera , Begolli-Gerqari Antigona , Luzar Bostjan , Kurshumliu Fisnik , Ferizi Mergita
Published: March 2013

Darier’s disease, also known as keratosis follicularis or dyskeratosis follicularis, is a rare disorder of keratinization. It is an autosomal dominant genodermatosis with high penetrance and variable expressivity. Its manifestation appears as hyperkeratotic papules, primarily affecting seborrheic areas on the head, neck, and thorax and less frequently on the oral mucosa. When oral manifestations are present, the palatal and alveolar mucosae are primarily affected. They are usually asymptomatic and are discovered in routine dental examination. Histologically, the lesions are presented as suprabasal clefts in the epithelium with acantholytic and dyskeratotic cells represented by “corps ronds and grains”. This paper reports a case of a 53-year-old woman that was admitted to our clinic with more than 10-year history of keratotic papules, presented on the hands and feet, nose, ears, genitalia, and whitish lesions on palatal mucosae.
-Pascal and -Wronskian Matrices with Implications to -Appell Polynomials
Authors: Ernst Thomas
Published: March 2013

We introduce a -deformation of the Yang and Youn matrix approach for Appell polynomials. This will lead to a powerful machinery for producing new and old formulas for -Appell polynomials, and in particular for -Bernoulli and -Euler polynomials. Furthermore, the --polynomial, anticipated by Ward, can be expressed as a sum of products of -Bernoulli and -Euler polynomials. The pseudo -Appell polynomials, which are first presented in this paper, enable multiple -analogues of the Yang and Youn formulas. The generalized -Pascal functional matrix, the -Wronskian vector of a function, and the vector of -Appell polynomials together with the -deformed matrix multiplication from the authors recent article are the main ingredients in the process. Beyond these results, we give a characterization of -Appell numbers, improving on Al-Salam 1967. Finally, we find a -difference equation for the -Appell polynomial of degree .
A New MISO-Type Voltage-Mode Universal Biquad Using Single VD-DIBA
Authors: Pushkar K. L. , Bhaskar D. R. , Prasad Dinesh
Published: March 2013

A new multiple-input single-output-(MISO-)-type multifunction voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter employing single voltage differencing differential input buffered amplifier (VD-DIBA), two capacitors, and one resistor are proposed. The proposed structure can realize second-order low pass, high pass, band pass, band stop, and all pass filter responses without altering the circuit topology. The proposed new filter configuration also provides the following advantageous features, not available simultaneously in any of the single active device /element-based universal biquad in realizing all the five filter functions known earlier so far: (i) no requirement of any passive component(s) matching condition or inversion of input signal(s), (ii) independent electronic control of angular frequency () and bandwidth (BW), and (iii) low active and passive sensitivities. SPICE simulation results have been included using 0.35 µm TSMC technology to confirm the validity of the proposed new universal biquadratic filter configuration.
Current Concepts and Management Approaches in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Attar Bashar M. , Van Thiel David H.
Published: March 2013

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of liver dysfunction worldwide. NAFLD may progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and in turn cirrhosis. Importantly, hepatic cancer can occur in NASH in the absence of cirrhosis. The cardinal histologic feature of NAFLD is the presence of an excessive accumulation of triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols in hepatocytes. The presence of obesity and insulin resistance lead to an increased hepatic‐free fatty acid (FFA) flux creating an environment appropriate for the development of NAFLD.
The generation of toxic reactive oxygen species with the production of hepatic injury and inflammation as a consequence of FFA oxidation will ultimately lead to the initiation and progression of fibrosis. Lifestyle modifications specifically weight loss, physical exercise, and cognitive behavior therapy have been recommended as treatments for NASH. Dietary fructose is an independent risk factor for the development of NAFLD. Pioglitazone can be used to treat biopsy‐proven NASH; however, its safety risks should be considered carefully. Greater consumption for coffee, independent of its caffeine component, has been associated with a significant reduced risk of advanced fibrosis in NASH. Additional data are needed before recommending bariatric surgery as an established option for the specific treatment of NASH.
Evaluation of Oral Subchronic Toxicity of Soshiho-Tang Water Extract: The Traditional Herbal Formula in Rats
Authors: Lee Mee-Young , Seo Chang-Seob , Shin In-Shik , Kim Young-Bum , Kim Jung-Hoon , Shin Hyeun-Kyoo
Published: March 2013

Soshiho-tang (Xiao-chai-hu-tang in Chinese and Sho-saiko-to in Japanese) has been widely used for its various pharmacological effects, which include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antihepatic fibrosis, and antitumor properties. To evaluate the safety of Soshiho-tang water extract (SST), we tested its subchronic toxicity in male and female Crl:CD (SD) rats. Rats were orally treated with four different doses (0, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg/day) of SST administered for 13 weeks. Mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes, food and water consumption changes, ophthalmology, urinalysis, hematological and biochemical parameters, gross findings, organ weights, and histological markers were monitored during the study. The SST treatment did not result in any toxicologically significant changes in mortality, clinical signs, body weights, food and water consumption, ophthalmoscopy, urinalysis, hematological and serum biochemical parameters, gross findings, organ weights, or histopathology. Histological analysis did not show any liver or kidney alteration. We concluded that the 13-week repeated oral administration of SST did not cause any adverse effects in rats at dosage levels of ≤2000 mg/kg/day. Under these experimental conditions, the no-observed-adverse-effect level was concluded to be 2000 mg/kg/day for both sexes.
Experimental Investigations of a Krypton Stationary Plasma Thruster
Authors: Bugrova A. I. , Bishaev A. M. , Desyatskov A. V. , Kozintseva M. V. , Lipatov A. S. , Dudeck M.
Published: March 2013

Stationary plasma thrusters are attractive electric propulsion systems for spacecrafts. The usual propellant is xenon. Among the other suggested propellants, krypton could be one of the best candidates. Most studies have been carried out with a Hall effect thruster previously designed for xenon. The ATON A-3 developed by MSTU MIREA (Moscow) initially defined for xenon has been optimized for krypton. The stable high-performance ATON A-3 operation in Kr has been achieved after optimization of its magnetic field configuration and its optimization in different parameters: length and width of the channel, buffer volume dimensions, mode of the cathode operation, and input parameters. For a voltage of 400 V and the anode mass flow rate of 2.5 mg/s the anode efficiency reaches 60% and the specific impulse reaches 2900 s under A-3 operating with Kr. The achieved performances under operation A-3 with Kr are presented and compared with performances obtained with Xe.
Initial Boundary Value Problem of the General Three-Component Camassa-Holm Shallow Water System on an Interval
Authors: Tian Lixin , Yuan Qingwen , Wang Lizhen
Published: March 2013

We study the initial boundary value problem of the general three-component Camassa-Holm shallow water system on an interval subject to inhomogeneous boundary conditions. First we prove a local in time existence theorem and present a weak-strong uniqueness result. Then, we establish a asymptotic stabilization of this system by a boundary feedback. Finally, we obtain a result of blow-up solution with certain initial data and boundary profiles.
Determinant Representations of Polynomial Sequences of Riordan Type
Authors: Yang Sheng-liang , Zheng Sai-nan
Published: March 2013

In this paper, using the production matrix of a Riordan array, we obtain a recurrence relation for polynomial sequence associated with the Riordan array, and we also show that the general term for the sequence can be expressed as the characteristic polynomial of the principal submatrix of the production matrix. As applications, a unified determinant expression for the four kinds of Chebyshev polynomials is given.
Do Malignant Bone Tumors of the Foot Have a Different Biological Behavior than Sarcomas at Other Skeletal Sites?
Authors: Brotzmann M. , Hefti F. , Baumhoer D. , Krieg A. H.
Published: March 2013

We analyze the delay in diagnosis and tumor size of malignant bone tumors of the foot in a retrospective study. We compared the oncological and surgical long-term results with identical tumor at other anatomical sites in order to analyze the biological behavior of sarcomas that are found in the foot. Thirty-two patients with a histologically proven malignant bone tumor (fifteen chondrosarcomas, nine osteosarcomas, and eight Ewing sarcomas) between the years 1969 and 2008 were included. The median follow-up was 11.9 years. The overall median time gap between the beginning of symptoms and diagnosis in the study group was 10 months. Ewing sarcoma presented with the longest delay in diagnosis (median of 18 months), followed by osteosarcoma (median of 15 months) and chondrosarcoma (median of 7.5 months). The delay in diagnosis of these tumors was significantly longer than that of equivalent tumors at other skeletal sites, but the 5- and 10-year survival rates and the occurrence of distant metastases were comparable. In contrast, the average size of foot tumors was 5- to 30-fold less than that of tumors analyzed at other skeletal sites. This study indicates that sarcomas of the foot demonstrate a distinct biological behavior compared to the same tumor types at other skeletal sites.
Interaction of Solitons for Sine-Gordon-Type Equations
Authors: Omel’yanov Georgii A. , Segundo-Caballero Israel
Published: March 2013

The subject of our consideration is a family of semilinear wave equations with a small parameter and nonlinearities which provide the existence of kink-type solutions (solitons). Using asymptotic analysis and numerical simulation, we demonstrate that solitons of the same type (kinks or antikinks) interact in the same manner as for the sine-Gordon equation. However, solitons of the different type preserve the shape after the interaction only in the case of two or three waves, and, moreover, under some additional conditions.
Generalized Nuclear Woods-Saxon Potential under Relativistic Spin Symmetry Limit
Authors: Hamzavi M. , Rajabi A. A.
Published: March 2013

By using the Pekeris approximation, we present solutions of the Dirac equation with the generalized Woods-Saxon potential with arbitrary spin-orbit coupling number under spin symmetry limit. We obtain energy eigenvalues and corresponding eigenfunctions in closed forms. Some numerical results are given too.
“Work That Body”: Precarity and Femininity in the New Economy
Authors: Owen Louise
Published: March 2013

Adapting elements of exotic dance, burlesque, and circus, fitness pole dancing is taught and practiced globally. Exemplifying post-feminism's putative “freedoms,” it represents a scene of precarious labor in the new economy, and evidences the continued purchase of older patriarchal constructions of “women's work” and “precarity” in capitalism.
The Scene of Occupation
Authors: Nyong'o Tavia
Published: March 2013

A year on, the Occupy movement is in shambles, according to skeptics. But was it ever anything but a shambles? A search for Occupy zombies in London and New York unearths the distinctive forms of dread and refuge on the scene of occupation. Can the zombies tell us how to disinter ourselves from the living graves of capitalism?
The Flavor Network
Authors: Ahn Yong-Yeol , Ahnert Sebastian
Published: March 2013

The authors investigate regional variations in culinary culture by constructing a flavor network of food ingredients, based on shared flavor compounds, and comparing this network to recipe data. They show that Western and Eastern cuisines differ in their compound sharing patterns. The findings show, in particular, that only Western cuisines support the hypothesis that foods sharing flavor compounds are more likely to taste well together. Using additional data the authors investigate the validity of this hypothesis further and suggest a new, more specific version of the hypothesis, which holds for a particular subset of compounds.
Comparing Art Historical Networks
Authors: Goldfarb Doron , Arends Max , Froschauer Josef , Merkl Dieter
Published: March 2013

This work provides a comparison of link structures present in a common subset of art history related biographic person records/articles from the Getty Union List of Artist Names and English Wikipedia.
“Save YourSelf!!!” — An Externalized Sense of Balance
Authors: Ando Hideyuki , Yoshida Tomofumi , Watanabe Junji
Published: March 2013

Using a galvanic vestibular stimulation interface that can affect the sense of balance, the authors devised an interactive experience that deals with the subject of identity in modern society. The participant wears the interface and walks while holding a bowl of water on which a figurine is floating. Since the figurine is linked to the interface, it serves as an externalized metaphor of the user's sense of balance. This experience provides an opportunity to observe the relationship between the individual self and the outer world with a broader framework.
Pseudo Architecture: Holographic Monument
Authors: Pepper Andrew
Published: March 2013

The author discusses an architectural installation incorporating the holographic shadows of water installed in a miniature townscape as part of a collaborative, developmental, group exhibition. The installation concept is outlined and its impact on the ability to stimulate architectural interventions, which would not normally be possible within a full-scale environment, is considered. The influence of a major large-scale holographic installation is outlined and the requirement to suspend belief, within the current exhibition, is discussed.
China’s Rights in the Marine Arctic
Authors: Gayazova Olya
Published: March 2013

Abstract

The new Arctic Council observer guidelines specify that in determining the suitability of applicants for observer status, their recognition of Arctic states’ sovereignty, sovereign rights and jurisdiction in the Arctic will be noted. The People’s Republic of China (PRC) is one of the applicants for Arctic Council observer status and maintains that it respects the rights of Arctic states and has its own rights in the region. In this article, two questions are examined: first, whether the PRC’s policy steps in the Arctic have been within the scope of the rights of non-Arctic states in the region under the Law of the Sea, and second, the degree to which China’s rights in the marine Arctic may be limited by its legislative policies in its coastal waters.
Studies on the genus Aporcelaimellus Heyns, 1965 (Nematoda, Dorylaimida, Aporcelaimidae). Four atypical species with simple uterus from Southern Iberian Peninsula
Authors: ÁLVAREZ-ORTEGA SERGIO , ABOLAFIA JOAQUÍN , PEÑA-SANTIAGO REYES
Published: March 2013

Three new and one known species of the genus Aporcelaimellus, collected mainly in natural areas from the Iberian Peninsula and characterized by having a simple uterus and atypical caudal region are described and illustrated, including line drawings, LM pictures and/or SEM pictures. Aporcelaimellus deserticola sp. n. is distinguished by its body 1.79–2.43 mm long, lip region 14–16 μm broad and offset by expansion rather than by constriction, odontostyle 18–21 μm long, neck 464–555 μm long, pharyngeal expansion 234–283 μm long or 49–52% of total neck length, a dorsal cell mass present at level of anterior end of intestine, uterus 34–67 μm long or 0.6–1.1 times the corresponding body diameter, V = 49–55, tail conical with rounded terminus (29–43 μm, c = 47–66, c’ = 0.9–1.4) and bearing a short but perceptible hyaline portion, and male unknown. Aporcelaimellus hyalinus sp. n. is characterized by its body 1.49–2.23 mm long, lip region offset by constriction and 13–16 μm broad, odontostyle 14–16 μm long, neck 389–474 μm long, pharyngeal expansion 183–242 μm long or 45–53% of total neck length, uterus 44–106 μm long or 0.7–1.8 times the corresponding body diameter, V = 48–55, tail conical with rounded terminus (27–41 μm, c = 38–68, c’ = 1.0–1.4) and short inner core, spicules 56 μm long, and seven irregularly spaced ventromedian supplements. Aporcelaimellus rarus sp. n. is distinguished by its body 1.96–2.34 mm long, lip region offset by constriction and 14–16 μm broad, odontostyle 15–16 μm long, neck 411–518 μm long, pharyngeal expansion 196–270 μm long or 48–52% of total neck length, a dorsal cellular mass at a short distance behind the cardia, uterus 63–96 μm long or 0.8–1.5 times the corresponding body diameter, V = 51–56, female tail short and conical (28–40 μm, c = 50–74, c’ = 0.7–0.9) with rounded terminus and bearing a dorsal concavity at its posterior half, and males unknown. New data are provided for A. salicinus. A discussion of these atypical species is also provided.
A new species of the genus Tripylina Brzeski, 1963 (Nematoda: Enoplida: Trischistomatidae) from Shanxi province, China
Authors: XU YU MEI , ZHAO ZENG QI , WANG JIAN MING , ZHENG JING WU
Published: March 2013

Tripylina puxianensis n. sp. is described and illustrated from Shanxi province, China. It is characterized by having a triangular dorsal tooth, pointing towards the ventral side, anterior to two sub-ventral teeth, with dorsal and sub-ventral teeth similar in shape and size; one ventromedian seta in the cervical region; vulva with protruding lips, absence of post-uterine sac; and a pair of setae on the tail; male not found; female body length 1048–1331 μm, a = 25.5–33.8, b = 5.5–6.2, c = 14.4–23.1, c' = 2.1–3.5 and V = 56.1–68.5%. The phylogenetic relationships among species in the genus Tripylina were analyzed using data from the SSU (small subunit) and D2/D3 expansion segments of the LSU (large subunit) rDNA. These analyses confirmed that T. puxianensis n. sp. is different from other members of the genus for which sequences are available.
The genus Aeolothrips in Iran (Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae) with one new species
Authors: MINAEI KAMBIZ
Published: March 2013

Aeolothrips zurstrasseni sp. n. is described from Fars Province, and A. modestus zur Strassen is newly recorded from Iran, in Isfahan Province. Both species have been collected from the flowers of Suaeda sp. (Chenopodiaceae), and the presence of several species of thrips on plants of this family is discussed. Recent records of Aeolothrips balati and A. citricinctus fromIran are not accepted here.
Review of the systematics, biology and ecology of lice from pinnipeds and river otters (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Anoplura: Echinophthiriidae)
Authors: LEONARDI MARIA SOLEDAD , PALMA RICARDO LUIS
Published: March 2013

We present a literature review of the sucking louse family Echinophthiriidae, its five genera and twelve species parasitic on pinnipeds (fur seals, sea lions, walruses, true seals) and the North American river otter. We give detailed synonymies and published records for all taxonomic hierarchies, as well as hosts, type localities and repositories of type material; we highlight significant references and include comments on the current taxonomic status of the species. We provide a summary of present knowledge of the biology and ecology for eight species. Also, we give a host-louse list, and a bibliography to the family as complete as possible.
A new genus of oak gallwasp, Cyclocynips Melika, Tang & Sinclair (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini), with descriptions of two new species from Taiwan
Authors: MELIKA GEORGE , TANG CHANG-TI , SINCLAIR FRAZER , YANG MAN-MIAO , LOHSE KONRAD , HEARN JACK , NICHOLLS JAMES A. , STONE GRAHAM N.
Published: March 2013

A new genus of cynipid oak gallwasp—Cyclocynips Melika, Tang, & Sinclair (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini), with two new species—C. uberis and C. tumorvirgae—reared from galls on oaks of the Quercus subgenus Cyclobalanopsis is described fromTaiwan. Descriptions of asexual generation adults and their diagnostic characters are presented. The likelihood of yet undiscovered sexual generations and the evolution of host-plant associations in these species are discussed.
Greenland Ice Sheet Mass Balance Reconstruction. Part III: Marine Ice Loss and Total Mass Balance (1840–2010)
Authors: Box Jason E. , Colgan William
Published: March 2013

Greenland ice sheet mass loss to the marine environment occurs by some combination of iceberg calving and underwater melting (referred to here as marine ice loss, LM). This study quantifies the relation between LM and meltwater runoff (R) at the ice sheet scale. A theoretical basis is presented explaining how variability in R can be expected to govern much of the LM variability over annual to decadal time scales. It is found that R enhances LM through three processes: 1) increased glacier discharge by ice warming–softening and basal lubrication–sliding; 2) increased calving susceptibility through undercutting glacier front geometry and reducing ice integrity; and 3) increased underwater melting from forcing marine convection. Applying a semiempirical LM f(R) parameterization to a surface mass balance reconstruction enables total ice sheet mass budget closure over the 1840–2010 period. The estimated cumulative 171-yr net ice sheet sea level contribution is 25 ± 10 mm, the rise punctuated by periods of ice sheet net mass gain (sea level drawdown) (1893–1900, 1938–47, and 1972–98). The sea level contribution accelerated at 27.6 mm yr−1 century−1 over the entire reconstruction, reaching a peak sea level rise contribution of 6.1 mm decade−1 during 2002–10.
Economic Globalization and Environmental Concern
Authors: Jorgenson Andrew K. , Givens Jennifer E.
Published: March 2013

The authors assess the extent to which particular characteristics of economic globalization at the national level influence the likelihood of individuals expressing concern for the natural environment. The globalization characteristics of interest include relative levels of exports, measured as exports as percent total gross domestic product (GDP), and the vertical flow of exports, measured as the percent of total exports sent to high-income countries (HICs). Results of multilevel logistic regression analyses of more than 48,000 individuals within 37 nations indicate that the two characteristics have opposite effects on environmental concern, net of various country-level and individual-level factors. In particular, exports as percent of total GDP lessens the likelihood of environmental concern, whereas percent exports to HICs increases the likelihood of individuals expressing concern for the environment. The results highlight the need for the development of theorization that considers the complex interrelationships between environmental concern and economic globalization characteristics.
Islamic law states and the International Court of Justice
Authors: Powell Emilia Justyna
Published: March 2013

The International Court of Justice (ICJ), as the principal judicial organ of the UN, plays an important role in peaceful resolution of international disputes. Traditionally, relations between Islamic law states, international law, and courts have been relatively tense due to the inherent link between Islamic law and the Islamic faith. Yet, several Islamic law states recognize the ICJ’s compulsory and compromissory jurisdiction. This article asks: Why do some Islamic law states extend support to the International Court of Justice, while others turn away from the Court? I argue and empirically demonstrate that specific characteristic of Islamic law can explain variation of Islamic law states’ preferences towards the ICJ. After providing original data on the characteristics of Islamic legal structures, I systematically compare pertinent rules of international law and Islamic law, focusing on similarities and differences between the two. Islamic law features such as respect for legal scholarship and peaceful resolution of disputes are compatible with principles embraced by the ICJ. Islamic law states that incorporate these norms are supportive of the Court. In contrast, Islamic law states that directly adopt sharia as the law of the land and incorporate sharia in their education systems are less open to the ICJ’s adjudication.
Introduction: Theme Issue on Short-Term Missions
Authors: Priest Robert J. , Howell Brian M.
Published: March 2013

Like the anthropology of tourism, research on short-term missions has had to overcome a bias against what is often assumed to be a trivial phenomenon. As scholars in a variety of fields have encountered this growing, global phenomenon, they have begun to develop a vibrant and multifaceted research-based literature exploring its cultural, historic, economic, and political aspects. This introduction to a special issue of Missiology on short-term missions presents a brief overview of the development of this emerging literature, as well as synopses of the six articles advancing our understanding of short-term missions.
Numerical and experimental validation of a theoretical model for bimaterial helical springs
Authors: Dragoni Eugenio , Bagaria William J
Published: March 2013

This article deals with the numerical and experimental validation of a theoretical elastic model for bimaterial helical springs developed by the authors in a recently published article. The numerical validation is performed on finite element models involving one half turn of several springs identified by three spring indices ( c =  D/ d = 3, 5, 10) and three section types (solid homogeneous, solid bimaterial and thin hollow). The experimental validation involves compression tests on two polymer (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) spring configurations produced by rapid prototyping and cladded by ionic infiltration with CrNiCo alloy. For the larger prototype spring, the stresses are measured on the outside of the coil by means of miniature strain gauges. The numerical results confirm the theoretical stress concentration factors within an error of 5%. The experimental results closely agree with the predicted spring rates of all springs, either fully polymeric or bimaterial. In addition, the strain gauge measurements on the instrumented spring correlate well with the theoretical stresses calculated for that particular geometry.
Mindful Authoring through Invocation
Authors: Brummans Boris H. J. M. , Hwang Jennie M. , Cheong Pauline Hope
Published: March 2013

This article examines how those who hold leadership positions in an internationally renowned Taiwanese Buddhist humanitarian organization establish themselves as legitimate authors of their organization by invoking a spiritual leader in their daily interactions and use this invocation to author their organization with a shared sense of compassion and wisdom. In so doing, this article extends the literature on mindful organizing and offers practical insights into the cultivation of mindfulness in an organizational setting. In particular, this study underscores the importance of understanding how a spiritual organization is communicatively constituted by voicing a revered figure into everyday situations, illustrating the profound connections between voice, invocation, and vocation.
Chinese Private Firms and Internationalization
Authors: Liang Xiaoya , Wang Lihua , Cui Zhiyu
Published: March 2013

Applying the socioemotional wealth perspective of family businesses, this study examines how family control affects whether firms tend to go international. Departing from prior research that has treated family involvement in management and family ownership as interchangeable and inseparable, we suggest that they are two different aspects of family control, which independently and differently affect firms’ internationalization strategies. A sample of private Chinese firms supports our predictions that family involvement in management has an inverted-U-shaped relationship with the likelihood of internationalization and that the percentage of family ownership has a U-shaped relationship with the likelihood of internationalization.
The growth of a Taiwanese Buddhist association in China: Soft power and institutional learning
Authors: Laliberté André
Published: March 2013

This article looks at Ciji (Tzu Chi), a Taiwanese Buddhist charity which has been active in China since 1991. Ciji’s presence in China is all the more remarkable in view of outbreaks of crises in relations across the Taiwan Strait as well as the religious nature of the organization. The article first addresses the issue of Taiwan’s soft power in its relations with China and suggests the possibility that Ciji’s activities in Taiwan have shown China the benefits of a liberal policy towards religion in that charitable activities carried out by religious organizations complement the government’s social policies. The second section chronicles Ciji’s presence in China since 1991 and shows that local governments have their own reasons for welcoming Ciji’s volunteers. The third section compares and contrasts state approaches in China and Taiwan with respect to the provision of social services by religious organizations and notes that even if local governments in China are learning about the benefits of a more open policy in their dealings with Ciji, the central government has not adopted the liberal approach of the Taiwanese government in the regulation of religion.
Optimal committee design and political participation
Authors: Konstantinidis Nikitas
Published: March 2013

Building on a Condorcetian common-values framework, this paper tackles the question of optimal committee formation within a community of finite size. Solving for the Bayesian information aggregation game yields some interesting normative results that emphasize the presence of informational externalities as root causes of suboptimally low voluntary participation levels in communal decision-making and the potentially Pareto-enhancing nature of drafting vis-à-vis decentralized mechanisms of self-selection. I firstly derive the optimal size of a committee based on the assumption of informative voting and, then, I show that it is globally optimal amongst all voting equilibrium strategies. I subsequently compare it to the various symmetric equilibria that may arise in a complete information setting or a Bayesian environment with heterogeneous private costs. I finally sketch out an optimal transfer scheme that can ex ante implement the socially efficient committee size.
New wearable walking-type continuous passive motion device for postsurgery walking rehabilitation
Authors: Zhu Yong , Nakamura Masahiro , Horiuchi Tadahiro , Kohno Hideki , Takahashi Rei , Terada Hidetsugu , Haro Hirotaka
Published: March 2013

While total knee arthroplasty is useful for treating osteoarthritis of the knee, the success of this treatment depends on effective rehabilitation. The goal of this study was to develop an assistive device for post–total knee arthroplasty patients for walking rehabilitation and for shortening the hospitalization period. We developed a brace electronic assist system termed the knee assistive instrument for walking rehabilitation (KAI-R) to illustrate the need for training during postoperative rehabilitation. Sixteen osteoarthritis patients (1 male and 15 females; average age 68.9 years) who underwent total knee arthroplasty were analyzed before operation and 2–4 weeks after operation, and 25 healthy individuals (14 males and 11 females; average age 26.2 years) formed the control group. Based on the pre- and postoperative data on peak knee flexion angle, foot height, and walking velocity, we developed the KAI-R, which consists of an assistive mechanism for the knee joint, a hip joint support system, and a foot pressure sensor system and is driven by a CPU board that generates the walking pattern. We then tested the walking gait in seven healthy volunteers with and without KAI-R assistance. KAI-R increased the peak flexion angle of the knee and foot height in all seven volunteers; their range of motion of the knee joint was increased. However, KAI-R also decreased the walking velocity of subjects, which was explained by reaction delay and slightly compromised physical balance, which was caused by wearing the KAI-R. KAI-R is useful for gait improvement. In future studies, KAI-R will be investigated in a clinical trial for its ability for walking rehabilitation in post–total knee arthroplasty patients.
Fashionable Form and Tailor-made Message: Transcultural Approaches to Arabic Script on the Royal Norman Mantle and Alb
Authors: Dolezalek Isabelle
Published: March 2013

This article applies recent methodological approaches to a case study of two Mediterranean objects from Norman Sicily—Roger II’s mantle and William II’s alb. Approaching the Arabic inscriptions on the royal garments through the methodological frames of ‘transfer’ and ‘shared court culture’ allows for an observation of formal relations and continuities across the Mediterranean, although these do not account entirely for the idiosyncrasies of the Norman objects. The comparative approach, on the other hand, and particularly the differences which it reveals between the Norman and other Mediterranean uses of Arabic textile inscriptions, highlights the choices underlying the adaptation of these ornamental motifs to twelfth-century Sicily. I shall argue, therefore, that an assessment of the receptions in medieval Europe of ‘transcultural’ ornamental motifs, such as Arabic textile inscriptions, greatly benefits from an approach combining methodologies.