bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die Ertüchtigung der Rendsburger Eisenbahnhochbrücke über den Nord‐Ostsee‐Kanal
Authors: Bartzsch Matthias , Geißler Karsten , Schmachtenberg Richard
Published: February 2015

Die Eisenbahnhochbrücke Rendsburg über den Nord‐Ostsee‐Kanal ist ein über 100 Jahre altes technisches Denkmal und trotzdem – als Nadelöhr für den Skandinavienverkehr – noch unter vollem Eisenbahnbetrieb. Die Brücke, eine genietete Stahlkonstruktion, wird derzeit umfangreich ertüchtigt. Zu den Maßnahmen gehört neben der Erneuerung des Korrosionsschutzes und der Instandsetzung von Schäden eine Verstärkung für heutige Eisenbahnverkehrslasten. So kann die Brücke langfristig erhalten werden – ein wichtiger Beitrag zur Baukultur.

The strengthening of the Rendsburg High Bridge across the Kiel Canal. The Rendsburg High Bridge – a railway viaduct across the Kiel Canal – is a more than 100 year old technical monument. Nethertheless it is used under full traffic load – as a bottleneck for the traffic to Scandinavia. The bridge, a riveted steel construction, is currently extensively refitted. The maintenance procedures comprise a strengthening for today’s railway traffic loads beside the renewal of the corrosion protection and the repair of defects. Thus, the bridge can be preserved for a long time – also an important contribution to the building culture.
Solvothermal Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Luminescent Properties of Two New Cadmium(II) Coordination Polymers Based on Rigid / Flexible Dicarboxylate and N,N′‐Bis(4‐pyridyl)‐1,4,5,8‐naphthalenetetracarboxydiimide
Authors: Feng Xiuling , Chen Wanping , Xiang Bolin
Published: February 2015

In order to investigate the effect of the organic ligands on the structures of coordination polymers, two new cadmium(II) coordination polymers based on the different dicarboxylate ligands, namely [Cd2(bpdc)2(DPNDI)2]·3H2O·NMF (1) and [Cd(obb)(DPNDI)] (2) [H2bpdc = biphenyl‐4,4′‐dicarboxylate, H2obb = 4,4′‐oxybis(benzoic acid), DPNDI = N,N′‐bis(4‐pyridyl)‐1,4,5,8‐naphthalene tetracarboxydiimide, and NMF = N‐methylformamide), were synthesized under solvothermal condition and further characterized. Complex 1 shows a twofold interpenetrated pcu topology. Complex 2 possesses a two‐dimensional (2D) layer structure with –ABCD– stacking sequence. Furthermore, the luminescent properties of complexes 1 and 2 are investigated.
Healthcare costs and resource utilization of asthma in Germany: a claims data analysis
Authors: Jacob Christian , Bechtel Benno , Engel Susanne , Kardos Peter , Linder Roland , Braun Sebastian , Greiner Wolfgang
Published: February 2015

Introduction

Asthma is associated with a substantial economic burden on the German Statutory Health Insurance.

Aims and objectives

To determine costs and resource utilization associated with asthma and to analyze the impact of disease severity on subgroups based on age and gender.

Methods

A claims database analysis from the statutory health insurance perspective was conducted. Patients with an ICD-10-GM code of asthma were extracted from a 10 % sample of a large German sickness fund. Five controls for each asthma patient matched by age and gender were randomly selected from the same database. Costs and resource utilization were calculated for each individual in the asthma and control group. Incremental asthma-related costs were calculated as the mean cost difference. Based on prescribed asthma medication, patients were classified as intermittent or persistent. In addition, age groups of ≤5, 6–18, and >18 years were analyzed separately and gender differences were investigated.

Results

Overall, 49,668 individuals were included in the asthma group. On average, total annual costs per patient were €753 higher (p = 0.000) compared to the control group (€2,168 vs. €1,415). Asthma patients had significantly higher (p = 0.000) outpatient (€217), inpatient (€176), and pharmacy costs (€259). Incremental asthma-related total costs were higher for patients with persistent asthma compared to patients with intermittent asthma (€1,091 vs. €408). Women aged >18 years with persistent asthma had the highest difference in costs compared to their controls (€1,207; p < 0.0001). Corresponding healthcare resource utilization was significantly higher in the asthma group (p = 0.000).

Conclusions

The treatment of asthma is associated with an increased level of healthcare resource utilization and significantly higher healthcare costs. Asthma imposes a substantial economic burden on sickness funds.
Predicted effect size of lisdexamfetamine treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in European adults: Estimates based on indirect analysis using a systematic review and meta-regression analysis
Authors: Fridman M. , Hodgkins P.S. , Kahle J.S. , Erder M.H.
Published: February 2015

Background:

There are few approved therapies for adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Europe. Lisdexamfetamine (LDX) is an effective treatment for ADHD; however, no clinical trials examining the efficacy of LDX specifically in European adults have been conducted. Therefore, to estimate the efficacy of LDX in European adults we performed a meta-regression of existing clinical data.

Methods:

A systematic review identified US- and Europe-based randomized efficacy trials of LDX, atomoxetine (ATX), or osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate (OROS-MPH) in children/adolescents and adults. A meta-regression model was then fitted to the published/calculated effect sizes (Cohen'sd) using medication, geographical location, and age group as predictors. The LDX effect size in European adults was extrapolated from the fitted model. Sensitivity analyses performed included using adult-only studies and adding studies with placebo designs other than a standard pill-placebo design.

Results:

Twenty-two of 2832 identified articles met inclusion criteria. The model-estimated effect size of LDX for European adults was 1.070 (95% confidence interval: 0.738, 1.401), larger than the 0.8 threshold for large effect sizes. The overall model fit was adequate (80%) and stable in the sensitivity analyses.

Conclusion:

This model predicts that LDX may have a large treatment effect size in European adults with ADHD.
C‐type lectin‐like domain and fibronectin‐like type II domain of phospholipase A2 receptor 1 modulate binding and migratory responses to collagen
Authors: Takahashi Soichiro , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Watanabe Yosuke , Fujioka Daisuke , Nakamura Takamitsu , Nakamura Kazuto , Obata Jun-ei , Kugiyama Kiyotaka
Published: February 2015

Phospholipase A2 receptor 1 (PLA2R) mediates collagen‐dependent migration. The mechanisms by which PLA2R interacts with collagen remain unclear. We produced HEK293 cells expressing full‐length wild‐type PLA2R or a truncated PLA2R that lacks fibronectin‐like type II (FNII) domains or several regions of C‐type lectin‐like domain (CTLD). We show that the CTLD1–2 as well as the FNII domain of PLA2R are responsible for binding to collagen and for collagen‐dependent migration. Thus, multiple regions and domains of the extracellular portion of PLA2R participate in the responses to collagen. These data suggest a potentially new mechanism for PLA2R‐mediated biological response beyond that of a receptor for secretory PLA2.
The role of health professional organizations in improving maternal and newborn health: The FIGO LOGIC experience
Authors: Taylor David J.
Published: February 2015

The FIGO Leadership in Obstetrics and Gynecology for Impact and Change (LOGIC) Initiative in Maternal and Newborn Health improved the internal and external capacity of eight national professional organizations of obstetrics and gynecology in six African and two Asian countries. The initiative was funded by a grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and had three key objectives: to support the eight FIGO member associations to strengthen their capacity to work effectively; to influence national policies on maternal and newborn health; and to work toward improving clinical practice in this area. Through improved capacity, and underpinned by Memoranda of Understanding with their governments, the associations influenced national policy in maternal and newborn health, impacted clinical care through the development of over forty national clinical guidelines, delivered national curricula, trained clinical and management staff, and led the development of national maternal death and near‐miss review programs.
Moving beyond silos: How do we provide distributed personalized medicine to pregnant women everywhere at scale? Insights from PRE‐EMPT
Authors: von Dadelszen Peter , Magee Laura A. , Payne Beth A. , Dunsmuir Dustin T. , Drebit Sharla , Dumont Guy A. , Miller Suellen , Norman Jane , Pyne‐Mercier Lee , Shennan Andrew H. , Donnay France , Bhutta Zulfiqar A. , Ansermino J. Mark
Published: February 2015

While we believe that pre‐eclampsia matters—because it remains a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide—we are convinced that the time has come to look beyond single clinical entities (e.g. pre‐eclampsia, postpartum hemorrhage, obstetric sepsis) and to look for an integrated approach that will provide evidence‐based personalized care to women wherever they encounter the health system. Accurate outcome prediction models are a powerful way to identify individuals at incrementally increased (and decreased) risks associated with a given condition. Integrating models with decision algorithms into mobile health (mHealth) applications could support community and first level facility healthcare providers to identify those women, fetuses, and newborns most at need of facility‐based care, and to initiate lifesaving interventions in their communities prior to transportation. In our opinion, this offers the greatest opportunity to provide distributed individualized care at scale, and soon.
Different protein of Echinococcus granulosus stimulates dendritic induced immune response
Authors: WANG YANA , WANG QIANG , LV SHIYU , ZHANG SHENGXIANG
Published: February 2015

Cystic echinococcosis is a chronic infectious disease that results from a host/parasite interaction. Vaccination with ferritin derived from Echinococcus granulosus is a potential preventative treatment. To understand whether ferritin is capable of inducing a host immune response, we investigated the response of dendritic cells (DCs) to both recombinant ferritin protein and the hydatid fluid (HF) of E. granulosus. We evaluated the immunomodulatory potential of these antigens by performing, immunocytochemistry, electron microscopy and in vivo imaging of monocyte-derived murine DCs. During antigen stimulation of DCs, ferritin cause DCs maturation and induced higher levels of surface marker expression and activated T-cell proliferation and migration. On contrary, HF failed to induce surface marker expression and to stimulate T-cell proliferation. In response to HF, DCs produced interleukin-6 (IL-6), but no IL-12 and IL-10. DCs stimulated with ferritin produced high levels of cytokines. Overall, HF appears to induce host immunosuppression in order to ensure parasite survival via inhibits DC maturation and promotes Th2-dependent secretion of cytokines. Although ferritin also promoted DC maturation and cytokine release, it also activates CD4+T-cell proliferation, but regard of the mechanism of the Eg.ferritin induce host to eradicate E. granulosus were not clear.
Plasticity, not genetic variation, drives infection success of a fungal parasite
Authors: SEARLE C. L. , OCHS J. H. , CÁCERES C. E. , CHIANG S. L. , GERARDO N. M. , HALL S. R. , DUFFY M. A.
Published: February 2015

Hosts strongly influence parasite fitness. However, it is challenging to disentangle host effects on genetic vs plasticity-driven traits of parasites, since parasites can evolve quickly. It remains especially difficult to determine the causes and magnitude of parasite plasticity. In successive generations, parasites may respond plastically to better infect their current type of host, or hosts may produce generally ‘good’ or ‘bad’ quality parasites. Here, we characterized parasite plasticity by taking advantage of a system in which the parasite (the yeast Metschnikowia bicuspidata, which infects Daphnia) has no detectable heritable variation, preventing rapid evolution. In experimental infection assays, we found an effect of rearing host genotype on parasite infectivity, where host genotypes produced overall high or low quality parasite spores. Additionally, these plastically induced differences were gained or lost in just a single host generation. Together, these results demonstrate phenotypic plasticity in infectivity driven by the within-host rearing environment. Such plasticity is rarely investigated in parasites, but could shape epidemiologically important traits.
MISSING LINK FOUND, 1880: THE RHETORIC OF COLONIAL PROGRESS IN ISABELLA BIRD’SUNBEATEN TRACKS IN JAPAN
Authors: Park Joohyun Jade
Published: February 2015

InUnbeaten Tracks in Japan(1880), Isabella Bird, one of the most celebrated travel writers of her time and the first female member of the Royal Geographical Society, asserts that she has found “the ‘MISSING LINK’” in the deep interior of Japan, on the island of Hokkaido (270). According to Bird, a wizened individual barely resembling man sits “crouched” in front of a disheveled hut, showing no “signs of intelligence” (270). In fact, this “missing link” Bird purports to have discovered was one of the Ainu, the native people of Hokkaido, who suffered the consequences of Japanese developmental schemes. Bird's identification of the forlorn figure as the “missing link,” an anachronistic being that lacks history and culture, is puzzling, as she encounters this haggard man after having already spent several days with the Ainu in Biratory, a small village in Hokkaido. During her stay, the Ainu villagers constantly speak of the strained relationship between themselves and the Japanese, as well as their discontent at Japanese prohibitions on Ainu traditions. In other words, they divulge the oppressiveness of Japan's so-called “modernizing” regulations and policies, and they attempt to inform their visitor of the history between the two conflicting peoples. However, their efforts seem to be lost on Bird. Rather than interpret the Ainu individual's ruined body as a corporeal text on which the history of colonial violence and exclusion is imprinted, Bird judges the man's beastly existence to be the evidence of his people's inferiority.
INVOLUNTARY SIGHTSEEING: SOLDIERS AS TRAVEL WRITERS AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF COLONIAL BURMA
Authors: Keck Stephen
Published: February 2015

British Burma has never beenadequately or even systematically studied as both students of modern Burmese history and British empire historians have given it relatively short shrift. Nonetheless, imperial rule lasted for nearly five generations and helped to produce the nation which now identifies itself as Myanmar. By the end of the nineteenth century, Burma was crucial to the wider South Asian economy, supplying oil, minerals, teak, and, above all, rice to destinations around the Indian Ocean. Yet, it took three Anglo-Burmese Wars to make Burma a part of British India. These conflicts are largely forgotten but they determined not only the fate of the country, but helped to shape its future trajectories. Military conflict proved more durable than colonization as independence brought with it a situation in which the “state has been continuously at war with the population mapped into its territorial claim” (Callahan 13). Nonetheless, the intellectual and cultural history of British Burma is rich and fascinating: colonial authors made the country their subject matter and they left behind a diverse corpus which bore the stamp of Victorian civilization. The experience of writing about Burma – particularly by those writers who identified with Burmese culture – produced some forgotten masterpieces. However, the dominant British understanding of the country arose from military conflict and occupation; this paper focuses on four British war narratives (which followed each of the Anglo-Burmese Wars) because they disclose more than their recounting of these conflicts might suggest. By exploring the works of John James Snodgrass, Henry Gouger, William F. B. Laurie, and Major Edmond Charles Browne, it will be possible to trace the beginnings of the colonizing narrative which helped to shape British rule. These writers experienced the Anglo-Burmese Wars directly and their narratives illustrate that they were “involuntary sightseers” recording not only the details of conflict, but their assessments of Burma and the Burmese.
Obesity and dissociable forms of impulsivity in young adults
Authors: Chamberlain Samuel R. , Derbyshire Katherine L. , Leppink Eric , Grant Jon E.
Published: February 2015

Objective

Obesity is one of the leading causes of preventable morbidity and mortality, and young people are increasingly affected. The aim of this study was to examine relationships between obesity and dissociable forms of impulsivity in young adults.

Methods

A group of young adults (511) was recruited from city areas in the United States using media advertisements. These young adults were administered careful and extensive clinical and neurocognitive assessment in order to quantify different aspects of impulsivity (behavioral/phenomenological-, cognitive-, and personality-related measures). Associations between obesity and impulsivity were explored using multivariate analysis of variance and discriminant function analysis.

Results

10.8% of the sample was obese, and 21.5% was overweight. Compared to controls, subjects with obesity showed significantly elevated rates of maladaptive gambling behaviors, monetary amounts lost to gambling, nicotine consumption, impulsive action (prolonged stop-signal reaction times in the Stop-Signal Test), and impulsive decision-making (reduced modulation of behavior as a function of risk in the Cambridge Gamble Test). Even accounting for potential confounding variables, obesity was significantly predicted by female gender, older age, more maladaptive gambling behaviors, and worse inhibitory control (stop-signal reaction times).

Conclusion

Obesity is associated with several dissociable forms of impulsivity in young people, especially gambling and impulse dyscontrol. Family doctors should screen for gambling problems in obese young adults. Successful treatment of nicotine dependence in young obese people is likely to require intensive weight management support. Neuropsychological deficits relating to impulsivity occur in obese people in early adulthood, and may represent vulnerability markers rather than being due to chronic untoward metabolic effects on brain function.
Food at checkouts in non-food stores: a cross-sectional study of a large indoor shopping mall
Authors: Wright James , Kamp Erin , White Martin , Adams Jean , Sowden Sarah
Published: February 2015

Objective

To investigate the display of food at non-food store checkouts; and to classify foods by type and nutrient content, presence of price promotions and whether food was at child height.

Design

Cross-sectional survey of checkout displays at non-food stores. Foods were classified as ‘less healthy’ or healthier using the UK Food Standards Agency’s Nutrient Profile Model. Written price promotions were recorded. Child height was defined as the sight line of an 11-year-old approximated from UK growth charts.

Setting

A large indoor shopping mall, Gateshead, UK, February–March 2014.

Subjects

Two hundred and five out of 219 non-food stores in the shopping mall directory which were open for trading.

Results

Thirty-two (15·6 %) of 205 non-food stores displayed food at the checkout. All displayed less healthy foods, and fourteen (43·8 %) had healthier foods. Overall, 5911 checkout foods were identified. Of these, 4763 (80·6 %) were ‘less healthy’. No fruits, vegetables, nuts or seeds were found. Of 4763 less healthy foods displayed, 195 (4·1 %) were subject to price promotions, compared with twelve of 1148 (1·0 %) healthier foods (χ2(df=1)=25·4, P<0·0001). There was no difference in the proportion of less healthy (95·1 %) and healthier (96·2 %) foods displayed at child height.

Conclusions

Almost one-sixth of non-food stores displayed checkout food, the majority of which was ‘less healthy’ and displayed at child height. Less healthy food was more likely to be subject to a written price promotion than healthier food. Further research into the drivers and consequences of checkout food in non-food stores is needed. Public health regulation may be warranted.
Characterization of Norwegian women eating wholegrain bread
Authors: Bakken Toril , Braaten Tonje , Olsen Anja , Lund Eiliv , Skeie Guri
Published: February 2015

Objective

To investigate dietary and non-dietary characteristics of wholegrain bread eaters in the Norwegian Women and Cancer study.

Design

Cross-sectional study using an FFQ.

Setting

Women were divided into two groups according to wholegrain bread consumption.

Subjects

Adult women (n 69 471).

Results

Median daily consumption of standardized slices of wholegrain bread was 2·5 in the low intake group and 4·5 in the high intake group. The OR for high wholegrain bread consumption was 0·28, 2·19 and 4·63 for the first, third and fourth quartile of energy intake, respectively, compared with the second quartile. Living outside Oslo or in East Norway and having a high level of physical activity were associated with high wholegrain bread consumption. BMI and smoking were inversely associated with wholegrain bread consumption. Intake of many food items was positively associated with wholegrain bread consumption (P trend <0·01). After adjustment for energy intake, consumption of most food items was inversely associated with wholegrain bread consumption (P trend <0·001). The mean intakes of thiamin and Fe were higher in those with high wholegrain bread consumption, even after taking energy intake into account.

Conclusions

Energy intake was strongly positively associated with wholegrain bread consumption. Geographical differences in wholegrain bread consumption were observed. Our study suggests that women with high wholegrain bread consumption do not generally have a healthier diet than those who eat less wholegrain bread, but that they tend to be healthier in regard to other lifestyle factors.
Group CBT for psychosis in acute care: a review of outcome studies
Authors: Owen Mary , Speight Tom , Sarsam May , Sellwood William
Published: February 2015

There is evidence that group cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis (CBTp) is an effective treatment, but much of this research has been conducted with outpatient populations. The aim of this review was to determine the utility of group CBTp for inpatients. We systematically searched Scopus, Web of Science and EBSCO electronic databases to identify relevant research. We reviewed the resulting articles and included those which had been conducted with inpatients, with symptoms of psychosis, using cognitive behaviour therapy, delivered in a group format. Fourteen articles relating to ten studies were identified. Two were randomized controlled trials; two were cohort studies and the rest were pre-/post-intervention studies. There was considerable heterogeneity between the studies and all had methodological limitations. The findings suggest positive trends towards the reduction of distress associated with psychotic symptoms, increased knowledge of symptoms, decreased affective symptoms and reduced readmissions over several years. However, there is currently not enough evidence to draw any strong conclusions regarding the utility of group CBTp for inpatients due to the small number of studies and limitations in quality and generalizability. Therefore, this review indicates the need for further research, particularly large, methodologically rigorous, randomized controlled trials.
Quasi-elliptic evanescent-mode filters using non-resonating mode waveguide cavities
Authors: Bastioli Simone , Snyder Richard V.
Published: February 2015

A new technique to realize quasi-elliptic bandpass filters with extreme close-in rejection is presented in this paper. The basic idea consists of embedding non-resonating mode waveguide cavities within the structure of an evanescent-mode filter. Such a combination of cavities and resonators allows the generation of very close transmission zeros while realizing at the same time relatively wide passbands and stopbands. Both H-plane TE201 mode and E-plane TM110 mode configurations are used as non-resonating mode waveguide cavities. In contrast with the other elliptic evanescent-mode filters using conventional approaches, the insertion loss degradation at the filter cut-off frequencies is minimized thanks to the high-Q factor of the waveguide cavities, whose corresponding poles are located right at the edges of the passband. The experimental results of an evanescent-mode filter having 9.950–11.000 GHz passband and providing more than 45 dB rejection between 11.040 and 11.050 GHz validate the proposed solution.
Longitudinal changes in maternal and neonatal anthropometrics: a case study of the Helsinki Birth Cohort, 1934–1944
Authors: Moltchanova E. , Eriksson J. G.
Published: February 2015

Changes in anthropometrics often reflect changes in living conditions, and one’s characteristics at birth may be associated with future health. The aim of this study was to investigate the secular trends in maternal and neonatal anthropometrics in the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. The study participants, thus, comprised all 13,345 live births recorded in Helsinki, Finland, between 1934 and 1944. Adult characteristics of the clinical subsample comprised of 2003 individuals, alive during 2003, were also analyzed. Linear Regression analysis with seasonal terms was applied to see whether clinically and statistically significant trends can be found in maternal age, height and body mass index (BMI) at pregnancy; gestational age, birth weight, ponderal index and sex ratio; and adult height, BMI and fat percentage. Statistically significant trends were found in maternal age and maternal BMI with abrupt changes between 1941 and 1944. Gestational age increased by an average of 0.11% per year (P<0.0001), and the proportion of premature births dropped from 7.9% in 1934 to 4.5% in 1944 (P<0.0001). In the clinical sample, a statistically significant, although small, average annual increase of 0.1% in adult heights was detected (P=0.0012 for men and P=0.0035 for women). In conclusion, although no significant changes were found in either neonatal or adult anthropometrics of babies born in Helsinki between 1934 and 1944, there were abrupt changes in the characteristics of their mothers.
Does low coping efficacy mediate the association between negative life events and incident psychopathology? A prospective-longitudinal community study among adolescents and young adults
Authors: Asselmann E. , Wittchen H.-U. , Lieb R. , Höfler M. , Beesdo-Baum K.
Published: February 2015

Aims.

To prospectively examine whether negative life events (NLE) and low perceived coping efficacy (CE) increase the risk for the onset of various forms of psychopathology and low CE mediates the associations between NLE and incident mental disorders.

Methods.

A representative community sample of adolescents and young adults (N = 3017, aged 14–24 at baseline) was prospectively followed up in up to three assessment waves over 10 years. Anxiety, depressive and substance use disorders were assessed at each wave using the DSM-IV/M-CIDI. NLE and CE were assessed at baseline with the Munich Event List and the Scale for Self-Control and Coping Skills. Associations (odds ratios, OR) of NLE and CE at baseline with incident mental disorders at follow-up were estimated using logistic regressions adjusted for sex and age.

Results.

NLE at baseline predicted the onset of any disorder, any anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, generalised anxiety disorder, any depression, major depressive episodes, dysthymia, any substance use disorder, nicotine dependence and abuse/dependence of illicit drugs at follow-up (OR 1.02–1.09 per one NLE more). When adjusting for any other lifetime disorder prior to baseline, merely the associations of NLE with any anxiety disorder, any depression, major depressive episodes, dysthymia and any substance use disorder remained significant (OR 1.02–1.07). Low CE at baseline predicted the onset of any disorder, any anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, generalised anxiety disorder, any depression, major depressive episodes, dysthymia, any substance use disorder, alcohol abuse/dependence, nicotine dependence and abuse/dependence of illicit drugs at follow-up (OR 1.16–1.72 per standard deviation). When adjusting for any other lifetime disorder prior to baseline, only the associations of low CE with any depression, major depressive episodes, dysthymia, any substance use disorder, alcohol abuse/dependence, nicotine dependence and abuse/dependence of illicit drugs remained significant (OR 1.15–1.64). Low CE explained 9.46, 13.39, 12.65 and 17.31% of the associations between NLE and any disorder, any depression, major depressive episodes and dysthymia, respectively. When adjusting for any other lifetime disorder prior to baseline, the reductions in associations for any depression (9.77%) and major depressive episodes (9.40%) remained significant, while the reduction in association for dysthymia was attenuated to non-significance (p-value > 0.05).

Conclusions.

Our findings suggest that NLE and low perceived CE elevate the risk for various incident mental disorders and that low CE partially mediates the association between NLE and incident depression. Subjects with NLE might thus profit from targeted early interventions strengthening CE to prevent the onset of depression.
Soins palliatifs en établissements médico-sociaux: Caractéristiques et spécificités
Authors: Gremaud Grégoire , Mazzocato Claudia
Published: February 2015

Ältere Patienten in Pflegeheimen, die sich in einer palliativen Situation befinden, weisen Eigenschaften und Eigenheiten auf, die sie ganz klar von Patienten mit fortgeschrittenen Krebserkrankungen unterscheiden. Einerseits ist es ausgesprochen schwierig, eine präzise Prognose zu geben, und andererseits stellen die zahlreichen Komorbiditäten, kognitiv bedingte Kommunikationsschwierigkeiten und ihre hohe Sensibilität für erwünschte und unerwünschte Medikamentenwirkungen eine wahre Herausforderung für den Arzt und das Pflegeteam dar. Die Begleitung dieser Patienten an ihrem Lebensende wirft oft auch ethische Fragen auf, besonders wenn die Patienten nicht mehr fähig sind, ihre Wünsche auszudrücken und vorher keine Patientenverfügung erstellt haben.
Calibrated MRI to Evaluate Cerebral Hemodynamics in Patients with an Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion
Authors: De Vis Jill B , Petersen Esben T , Bhogal Alex , Hartkamp Nolan S , Klijn Catharina JM , Kappelle LJ , Hendrikse J
Published: February 2015

The purpose of this study was to assess whether calibrated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can identify regional variances in cerebral hemodynamics caused by vascular disease. For this, arterial spin labeling (ASL)/blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) MRI was performed in 11 patients (65±7 years) and 14 controls (66±4 years). Cerebral blood flow (CBF), ASL cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), BOLD CVR, oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) were evaluated. The CBF was 34±5 and 36±11 mL/100 g per minute in the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory of the patients and the controls. Arterial spin labeling CVR was 44±20 and 53±10% per 10 mm Hg ΔEtCO2 in patients and controls. The BOLD CVR was lower in the patients compared with the controls (1.3±0.8 versus 2.2±0.4% per 10 mm Hg ΔEtCO2, P < 0.01). The OEF was 41±8% and 38±6%, and the CMRO2 was 116±39 and 111±40 μmol/100 g per minute in the patients and the controls. The BOLD CVR was lower in the ipsilateral than in the contralateral MCA territory of the patients (1.2±0.6 versus 1.6±0.5% per 10 mmHg ΔEtCO2, P < 0.01). Analysis was hampered in three patients due to delayed arrival time. Thus, regional hemodynamic impairment was identified with calibrated MRI. Delayed arrival artifacts limited the interpretation of the images in some patients.
Reliable Genotypic Tropism Tests for the Major HIV-1 Subtypes
Authors: Cashin Kieran , Gray Lachlan R. , Harvey Katherine L. , Perez-Bercoff Danielle , Lee Guinevere Q. , Sterjovski Jasminka , Roche Michael , Demarest James F. , Drummond Fraser , Harrigan P. Richard , Churchill Melissa J. , Gorry Paul R.
Published: February 2015

Over the past decade antiretroviral drugs have dramatically improved the prognosis for HIV-1 infected individuals, yet achieving better access to vulnerable populations remains a challenge. The principal obstacle to the CCR5-antagonist, maraviroc, from being more widely used in anti-HIV-1 therapy regimens is that the pre-treatment genotypic “tropism tests” to determine virus susceptibility to maraviroc have been developed primarily for HIV-1 subtype B strains, which account for only 10% of infections worldwide. We therefore developed PhenoSeq, a suite of HIV-1 genotypic tropism assays that are highly sensitive and specific for establishing the tropism of HIV-1 subtypes A, B, C, D and circulating recombinant forms of subtypes AE and AG, which together account for 95% of HIV-1 infections worldwide. The PhenoSeq platform will inform the appropriate use of maraviroc and future CCR5 blocking drugs in regions of the world where non-B HIV-1 predominates, which are burdened the most by the HIV-1 pandemic.
A Novel Mitosomal β-Barrel Outer Membrane Protein in Entamoeba
Authors: Santos Herbert J. , Imai Kenichiro , Makiuchi Takashi , Tomii Kentaro , Horton Paul , Nozawa Akira , Ibrahim Mohamed , Tozawa Yuzuru , Nozaki Tomoyoshi
Published: February 2015

Entamoeba possesses a highly divergent mitochondrion-related organelle known as the mitosome. Here, we report the discovery of a novel protein in Entamoeba, which we name Mitosomal β-barrel Outer Membrane Protein of 30 kDa (MBOMP30). Initially identified through in silico analysis, we experimentally confirmed that MBOMP30 is indeed a β-barrel protein. Circular dichroism analysis showed MBOMP30 has a predominant β-sheet structure. Localization to Entamoeba histolytica mitosomes was observed through Percoll-gradient fractionation and immunofluorescence assay. Mitosomal membrane integration was demonstrated by carbonate fractionation, proteinase K digestion and immunoelectron microscopy. Interestingly, the deletion of the putative β-signal, a sequence believed to guide β-barrel outer membrane protein (BOMP) assembly, did not affect membrane integration, but abolished the formation of a ~240 kDa complex. MBOMP30 represents only the seventh subclass of eukaryotic BOMPs discovered to date and lacks detectable homologs outside Entamoeba, suggesting that it may be unique to Entamoeba mitosomes.
A Vantage from Space Can Detect Earlier Drought Onset: An Approach Using Relative Humidity
Authors: Farahmand Alireza , AghaKouchak Amir , Teixeira Joao
Published: February 2015

Each year, droughts cause significant economic and agricultural losses across the world. The early warning and onset detection of drought is of particular importance for effective agriculture and water resource management. Previous studies show that the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI), a measure of precipitation deficit, detects drought onset earlier than other indicators. Here we show that satellite-based near surface air relative humidity data can further improve drought onset detection and early warning. This paper introduces the Standardized Relative Humidity Index (SRHI) based on the NASA Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) observations. The results indicate that the SRHI typically detects the drought onset earlier than the SPI. While the AIRS mission was not originally designed for drought monitoring, we show that its relative humidity data offers a new and unique avenue for drought monitoring and early warning. We conclude that the early warning aspects of SRHI may have merit for integration into current drought monitoring systems.
Whole-mount single molecule FISH method for zebrafish embryo
Authors: Oka Yuma , Sato Thomas N.
Published: February 2015

Noise in gene expression renders cells more adaptable to changing environment by imposing phenotypic and functional heterogeneity on genetically identical individual cells. Hence, quantitative measurement of noise in gene expression is essential for the study of biological processes in cells. Currently, there are two complementary methods for quantitatively measuring noise in gene expression at the single cell level: single molecule FISH (smFISH) and single cell qRT-PCR (or single cell RNA-seq). While smFISH has been developed for culture cells, tissue sections and whole-mount invertebrate organisms, the method has not been reported for whole-mount vertebrate organisms. Here, we report an smFISH method that is suitable for whole-mount zebrafish embryo, a popular vertebrate model organism for the studies of development, physiology and disease. We show the detection of individual transcripts for several cell-type specific and ubiquitously expressed genes at the single cell level in whole-mount zebrafish embryo. We also demonstrate that the method can be adapted to detect two different genes in individual cells simultaneously. The whole-mount smFISH method described in this report is expected to facilitate the study of noise in gene expression and its role in zebrafish, a vertebrate animal model relevant to human biology.
Site-specific integration in CHO cells mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 and homology-directed DNA repair pathway
Authors: Lee Jae Seong , Kallehauge Thomas Beuchert , Pedersen Lasse Ebdrup , Kildegaard Helene Faustrup
Published: February 2015

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the most widely used mammalian hosts for production of therapeutic proteins. However, development of recombinant CHO cell lines has been hampered by unstable and variable transgene expression caused by random integration. Here we demonstrate efficient targeted gene integration into site-specific loci in CHO cells using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system and compatible donor plasmid harboring a gene of interest (GOI) and short homology arms. This strategy has enabled precise insertion of a 3.7-kb gene expression cassette at defined loci in CHO cells following a simple drug-selection, resulting in homogeneous transgene expression. Taken together, the results displayed here can help pave the way for the targeting of GOI to specific loci in CHO cells, increasing the likelihood of generating isogenic cell lines with consistent protein production.
Experimental on-demand recovery of entanglement by local operations within non-Markovian dynamics
Authors: Orieux Adeline , D'Arrigo Antonio , Ferranti Giacomo , Franco Rosario Lo , Benenti Giuliano , Paladino Elisabetta , Falci Giuseppe , Sciarrino Fabio , Mataloni Paolo
Published: February 2015

In many applications entanglement must be distributed through noisy communication channels that unavoidably degrade it. Entanglement cannot be generated by local operations and classical communication (LOCC), implying that once it has been distributed it is not possible to recreate it by LOCC. Recovery of entanglement by purely local control is however not forbidden in the presence of non-Markovian dynamics and here we demonstrate in two all-optical experiments that such entanglement restoration can even be achieved on-demand. First, we implement an open-loop control scheme based on a purely local operation, without acquiring any information on the environment; then, we use a closed-loop scheme in which the environment is measured, the outcome controling the local operations on the system. The restored entanglement is a manifestation of “hidden” quantum correlations resumed by the local control. Relying on local control, both schemes improve the efficiency of entanglement sharing in distributed quantum networks.
Simple preparation of positively charged silver nanoparticles for detection of anions by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Stewart A. , Murray S. , Bell S. E. J.
Published: February 2015

Modification of Ag colloids with thiocholine bromide switches the zeta potential from ca. −50 mV to ca. +50 mV, giving SERS substrates which promote adsorption of anions.
A chromogenic molecular capsule attributable to dipolar amide resonance structure
Authors: Park Yeon Sil , Park Juwan , Paek Kyungsoo
Published: February 2015

A new chromogenic, self-assembled molecular capsule G@22is developed by introducing four (N,N-dimethyl-4-aminophenyl) azobenzyl moieties on the upper rim of a resorcin[4]arene-based amidoimino-cavitand. The tuning of conjugation between amido and (N,N-dimethyl-4-aminophenyl)azobenzyl groups by acid–base titration allows naked-eye observation of molecular capsule formation.
Real-time observation of ultrafast electron injection at graphene–Zn porphyrin interfaces
Authors: Masih Dilshad , Aly Shawkat M. , Usman Anwar , Alarousu Erkki , Mohammed Omar F.
Published: February 2015

Femtosecond transient absorption spectra of zinc(ii) porphyrin in the presence of graphene carboxylate (GC) reveal ultrafast electron transfer from the singlet excited ZnTMPyP* to GC, forming ZnTMPyP˙+ and GC˙− radical ion pairs.
Critical design issues in the targeted molecular imaging of cell surface receptors
Authors: Sim Neil , Parker David
Published: February 2015

The molecular imaging of cell-surface receptors draws closer to reality.
Novel route for the synthesis of surfactant-assisted MoBi2(Se0.5Te0.5)5 thin films for solar cell applications
Authors: Salunkhe Manauti M. , Khot Kishorkumar V. , Patil Pramod S. , Bhave Tejashree M. , Bhosale Popatrao N.
Published: February 2015

As-deposited thin film shows a fibrous reticulate framework, SDS-assisted synthesis produces a dendrite star fish like morphology, and TOPO-assisted synthesis produces nanothreads with flakes.
Engineering lanthanide-optical centres in IRMOF-3 by post-synthetic modification
Authors: Abdelhameed Reda M. , Carlos Luis D. , Silva Artur M. S. , Rocha João
Published: February 2015

Infrared emitters based on IRMOF-3 are modified with 2-chloroacetic acid, glyoxylic acid, diethyl (ethoxymethylene)malonate, methyl vinyl ketone, and Eu3+& Nd3+.
“Crystallographic” holes: new insights for a beneficial structural feature for photocatalytic applications
Authors: Vajda Krisztina , Kása Zsolt , Dombi András , Németh Zoltán , Kovács Gábor , Danciu Virginia , Radu Teodora , Ghica Corneliu , Baia Lucian , Hernádi Klára , Pap Zsolt
Published: February 2015

The “crystallographic” holes obtained by simple hydrothermal crystallization/calcination can enhance the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 microcrystals with exposed {001} facets.
Supramolecular anticancer drug delivery systems based on linear–dendritic copolymers
Authors: Gheybi Homa , Adeli Mohsen
Published: February 2015

The combination of two generations of polymers as linear–dendritic copolymers leads to hybrid systems with unique properties, which are of great interest for many applications. Herein, recent advances in anticancer drug delivery systems based on linear–dendritic copolymers have been reviewed.
Aromatic polyamides and acrylic polymers as solid sensory materials and smart coated fibres for high acidity colorimetric sensing
Authors: Trigo-López Miriam , Pablos Jesús Luis , Muñoz Asunción , Ibeas Saturnino , Serna Felipe , García Félix Clemente , García José Miguel
Published: February 2015

Films and coated fibres as reusable sensory materials for detection and quantification of high acidity in water and in the environment have been successfully designed and prepared.
Tuning the aggregation behavior of pH-responsive micelles by copolymerization
Authors: Wright Daniel B. , Patterson Joseph P. , Pitto-Barry Anaïs , Cotanda Pepa , Chassenieux Christophe , Colombani Olivier , O'Reilly Rachel K.
Published: February 2015

A series of pH sensitive amphiphilic diblock copolymers where the associating block is a copolymer have been synthesized. Their pH sensitive behavior has been explored by a range of analytical techniques and the nanostructures formed are highly sensitive to both pH and the associating block composition.
In situ electron beam irradiation-driven formation of quantum dots
Authors: Zeng Haibo , Li Xiaoming , Zhao Huijie , Ning Xue , Xu Jiayue
Published: February 2015

Recrystallization of amorphous materials is a very interesting phenomenon, but some transformation details are still unknown.
Nanocomposite scaffolds incorporated with hydrophobically-functionalized mesoporous nanocarriers for the effective loading and long-term delivery of osteogenic drugs
Authors: Jin Guang-Zhen , Eltohamy Mohamed , Kim Hae-Won
Published: February 2015

Large-pore mesoporous nanocarriers were hydrophobically-engineered to load osteogenic drug Dex, which was then generated into nanocomposite fiber scaffolds, demonstrating long-term drug delivery and osteogenic stimulation of stem cells.
A tadpole-shaped gene carrier with distinct phase segregation in a ternary polymeric micelle
Authors: Chen Qixian , Osada Kensuke , Pennisi Matthew , Uchida Satoshi , Tockary Theofilus A. , Dirisala Anjaneyulu , Li Yanmin , Takeda Kaori M. , Oniyanagi Satoshi , Itaka Keiji , Kataoka Kazunori
Published: February 2015

A tadpole-shaped nanostructure characterized by phase segregation occurring in a single pDNA-containing polymeric micelle is shown.
Electrification based devices with encapsulated liquid for energy harvesting, multifunctional sensing, and self-powered visualized detection
Authors: Han Mengdi , Yu Bocheng , Qiu Guolin , Chen Haotian , Su Zongming , Shi Mayue , Meng Bo , Cheng Xiaoliang , Zhang Haixia
Published: February 2015

An electrification based multifunctional device has been demonstrated, which incorporates energy harvesting, active mechanical/chemical sensing, and self-powered visualized detection.
In situ Fe K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy study during cycling of Li2FeSiO4 and Li2.2Fe0.9SiO4 Li ion battery materials
Authors: Brownrigg Alexander W. , Mountjoy Gavin , Chadwick Alan V. , Alfredsson Maria , Bras Wim , Billaud Juliette , Armstrong A. Robert , Bruce Peter G. , Dominko Robert , Kelder Erik M.
Published: February 2015

The valence and local structures of Fe during battery cycling of Li2FeSiO4 and Li2.2Fe0.9SiO4 are studied by in situ (XAS) measurements.
Formation and the structure of freeze-dried MgO nanoparticle foams and their electrical behaviour in polyethylene
Authors: Pallon L. K. H. , Olsson R. T. , Liu D. , Pourrahimi A. M. , Hedenqvist M. S. , Hoang A. T. , Gubanski S. , Gedde U. W.
Published: February 2015

Electrically insulating low-density polyethylene (LDPE) nanocomposites based on dispersed MgO nanoparticle foams are reported.
Characterizing nuclear materials hidden in lead containers by neutron-tomography-driven prompt gamma activation imaging (PGAI-NT)
Authors: Szentmiklósi László , Kis Zoltán
Published: February 2015

The consistent use of 3D neutron imaging, position-sensitive element analysis by PGAI and Monte-Carlo-calculations results in thorough characterization of sealed nuclear forensics samples.
Template-directed construction of conformational supramolecular isomers for bilayer porous metal–organic frameworks with distinct gas sorption behaviors
Authors: Chen Min , Zhao Hui , Liu Chun-Sen , Wang Xi , Shi Heng-Zhen , Du Miao
Published: February 2015

Two conformationally isomeric Co(ii)-based bilayer porous coordination frameworks can be prepared using different solvent templates, which show distinct gas sorption behaviors.
A new synthetic route to substituted tetracenes and pentacenes via stereoselective [4+2] cycloadditions of 1,4-dihydro-1,4-epoxynaphthalene and isobenzofuran
Authors: Eda Shohei , Eguchi Fumiaki , Haneda Hiroshi , Hamura Toshiyuki
Published: February 2015

Substituted tetracene and pentacene were efficiently prepared by stereoselective [4+2] cycloadditions of 1,4-dihydro-1,4-epoxynaphthalenes and isobenzofurans.
Regioselective annulation of nitrosopyridine with alkynes: straightforward synthesis of N-oxide-imidazopyridines
Authors: Manna Srimanta , Narayan Rishikesh , Golz Christopher , Strohmann Carsten , Antonchick Andrey P.
Published: February 2015

We have developed intermolecular annulation of 2-nitrosopyridine derivatives with substituted alkynes for the regioselective access of N-oxide-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines.