bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Boosting Angiogenesis in Skin Mechanical Trauma Area by means of Neoskin Skin-Substitute Preparation
Authors: Konstantinova Mariya V , Vasiliev Andrey G , Verlov Nikolai A , Artyomenko Margarita R
Published: August 2016

Various skin-replacements nowadays are widely used alongside other up-to-date methods for treatment of skin wounds for using this technique decreases the need for wound vascularization, increases the wound’s skin component, decreases or completely removes inhibitory factors, decreases inflammatory process thus contributing to quick and safe wound’s covering up ensuring tissue reparation flexibility. The goal of the study was to assess the influence of Neoskin skin-replacement upon angiogenesis and wound reparation intensity in experiment involving white rats. Skin wound was modeled by removing a 4,9 square mm skin flap by means of incision under general narcosis (Zoletil). The treatment of the wound included the application of innovation preparation Neoskin produced by “Trans-Technologies”, Russia upon the skin wound for 14 days. The preparation Neoskin is a three-layer matrix consisting of extracellular matrix proteins and mesenchimal cells. Angiogenesis markers concentrations were determined in blood plasma by means of immune-enzyme assay (VEGF, NO, tPA and PAI-1). Vascular network density in the wound surface zone was determined by means of histological method in slides stained with hemotoxillin-eosine with the aid of light-microscopy in 50 fields of vision. Skin mechanical trauma model not involving subjacent organs and tissues was accompanied by angiogenesis changes characteristic of wound healing process. Transitory reduction of microcirculatory network density in the area of the wound and increasing activity of basic proangiogenic factors necessary for reparation took place. The use of Neoskin in the therapy of skin lesions in rats has contributed to fast activation of angiogenesis and wound healing.
The technical aspects of collecting and transporting the sputum cystic fibrosis patients
Authors: Orlov Aleksandr V , Kovalev Viktor N , Ignatieva Marina N , Antipova Lubov A , Egorova Ekaterina A , Volkova Marina O
Published: August 2016

Timely diagnosis of infection in cystic fibrosis patients is a major aim. This is especially important for timely treatment in primary seed Ps. aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia. Early treatment allows in most cases to prevent the formation of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. This also applies to re-sowing Ps. aeruginosa after the previous eradication. However, not all cities and small towns have laboratories equipped sufficiently to do bacteriological analysis of cystic fibrosis patients sputum, especially for the allocation of Ps. aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia. In this regard, the choice of methods of collecting material and its storage and transportation to specialized laboratories is very relevant. In 5 cities of the North-West region of Russia in 51 patients with cystic fibrosis conducted fences sputum and its subsequent delivery and carrying out of sowing in NIIDA FMBA of Russia in St Petersburg. Five patients extract sputum by coughing, 12 - induced sputum, 24 - were held flush with the posterior wall of the pharynx, 8 - swab from posterior pharyngeal wall, the parents of 2 patients brought the sputum coughed in previous day at house. As the result of bacteriologic test in 15 children certain pathogens were detected for the first time: Staphylococcus in 10 patients, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 4 patients, Achromobacter in 1 person. Pathogens are well preserved during transportation of specimens to the laboratory in transport medium in the cold, which allows the use of bacteriological laboratories of large cities for carrying out sputum cultures of patients from other regions.
Mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase and its role in the mechanisms of cell adaptation to hypoxia
Authors: Novikov Vasiliy E , Levchenkova Olga S , Pozhilova Elena V
Published: August 2016

Mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase (mtNOS) actively participates in mechanisms of regulation of cell adaptation to extreme factors. It is closely interacted with other mitochondrial regulatory factors and is involved in adaptation reactions of cells to hypoxia, ischemia and other pathogenic action. Analysis of the role of mtNOS in cell functioning in hypoxia condition and its influence on apoptosis is presented in the article. Complex mechanism of cell adaptation with participation of mitochondrial nitric oxide (NO) is considered. Mitochondrial NO is a modulator of cell respiration, synthesis of ATP, activity of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels, mitochondrial megapore and the specific protein factor to hypoxia adaptation. The possibility of pharmacological regulation of mtNOS activity is discussed. This approach seems to be promising for searching of new drugs for the pharmacotherapy of diseases with hypoxia and ischemia in their pathogenesis. There is possible to regulate cell homeostasis, for example, resistance to hypoxia by modulating the activity of mtNOS and synthesis of mitochondrial NO.
Condicionamento estrutural e mapeamento geológico de detalhe dos pegmatitos Alto do Feio e Alto Serra Branca, região de Pedra Lavrada (PB), província pegmatítica do Seridó, NE do Brasil
Authors: Santos Lauro Cézar Montefalco de Lira , Genuíno Vandriele Alves , Sales Emerson Diego Gomes , Vieira Fabrício Fernandes , Santos Edilton José dos
Published: August 2016

A região de Pedra Lavrada (PB) está inserida Próvincia Pegmatítica do Seridó, um importante distrito mineiro no nordeste do Brasil. Mapeamento geológico revelou que esta região é formada por biotita xistos e granada-biotita xistos da Formação Seridó, os quais são intrudidos por granitos Ediacaranos e pelos pegmatitos Alto do Feio e Alto Serra Branca. Análise geométrica e cinemática mesoscópica, revelou que esta área foi submetida a uma trama poli-deformacional, materializadas pelas tectônicas Dn, Dn+1, Dn+2 e Dn+3. As três primeiras possuem reologia dúctil, sendo a primeira relacionada a uma tectônica reliquiar, onde os planos de foliação fortemente transpostos pelas tectônicas posteriores. Dn+1 produz superfícies de foliação milonítica de transposição relacionadas a tectonitos tangenciais restritos às adjacências de Nova Palmeira, enquanto que Dn+2 é princicipalmente associada a tectonitos verticais, os quais representam a principal estruturação da região. Esta última deformação é caracterizada por deformação com forte componente não coaxial materializado nas zonas de cisalhamento de Nova Palmeira e Picuí João Câmara de cinemática transcorrente destral. Por último, a tectônica Dn+3 possui caráter dúctil-rúptil e rúptil tendo como principais elementos fraturas e juntas que podem ser ou não preenchidas por pegmatitos e aplitos nas direções NNW-SSE e E-W. Mapeamento de detalhe, revelou que estes pegmatitos possuem zoneamento mineral bem definido característico de pegmatitos heterogêneos e são condicionados pelo trend principal na direção NE-SW. A combinação destes dados indica que esses pegmatitos teriam se alojado na crosta continental por meio de um regime transtrativo relacionado às zonas de cisalhamento de Pedra Lavrada e Picuí-João Câmara, resultado da interação entre os eventos Dn+2 e Dn+3. Os dados obtidos podem contribuir significativamente para estudos prospectívos em outros corpos pegmatíticos da região.
Sensibilidade Como Ferramenta Acadêmica: a Experiência do Programa de Educação Tutorial Vila Boa
Authors: Barbosa Lívia , De Carvalho Maria Meire , Neto Paulo Dante , Vitorino Laís Gonçalves
Published: August 2016

Resumo: o Programa de Educação Tutorial da Universidade Federal de Goiás da Regional Goiás, da Cidade de Goiás (PET Vila Boa) surge em uma perspectiva crítica, com uma proposta de resistência à prática científica tradicional por meio da incorporação de novas ferramentas acadêmicas em suas atividades de pesquisa e extensão. A crítica pós-moderna e os debates sobre gênero fundamentam as discussões e servem como base para a construção coletiva do exercício da sensibilidade. Esse artigo revisa a ideia da sensibilidade como uma ferramenta acadêmica fundamental para a promoção de uma prática científica mais próxima das necessidades humanas e da complexidade das demandas sociais.

Palavras-chave: Sensibilidade. Estudos de gênero. Crítica pós-moderna. Programa de Educação Tutorial.
Que Garota Safada? a Imagem Feminina na Recepção Midiática de Jovens Maranhenses
Authors: Da Costa Fábio Soares , Rodrigues Janete De Páscoa
Published: August 2016

Resumo: este estudo analisa os sentidos produzidos midiaticamente acerca da imagem da mulher visibilizada nos shows da banda de forró eletrônico “Garota Safada”, bem como os sentidos reproduzidos por 73 receptores jovens maranhenses, escolares do Ensino Médio da cidade de Caxias que apresentam uma imagem feminina deslocada do modelo moderno, com novos perfis de feminilidade. Palavras-chave: Forró. Jovens. Mulher. Recepção de mídia.
Indústria e desenvolvimento: efeitos da reinvenção de um território produtivo no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Ramalho José Ricardo
Published: August 2016

Duas décadas se passaram – 1996-2015 – desde que o Sul Fluminense, região do Rio de Janeiro amplamente conhecida pela produção siderúrgica desde 1946, passou por uma reconfiguração de seu parque industrial com a implantação de fábricas da indústria automotiva. O impacto dos novos investimentos alterou substantivamente as atividades econômicas, políticas e administrativas regionais e fez crescer o mercado de trabalho formal, o ritmo de obras da construção civil e os recursos arrecadados pelos municípios. Incentivou também um debate sobre um projeto de desenvolvimento regional que explorasse a vocação metalmecânica introduzida pela vinda das grandes empresas e de suas fornecedoras. O texto pretende identificar e problematizar a “reinvenção” desse território produtivo já industrializado, tomando como base dados estatísticos que apontam melhorias em índices econômicos, sociais e do mercado de trabalho, mas também confirmam o uso sistemático de mão de obra barata como característica marcante das estratégias empresariais; e sugere uma discussão sobre a capacidade de interferência de empresas que fazem parte de “redes globais de produção” em processos de desenvolvimento regional, de modo a revelar um complexo conjunto de motivações e interesses associados a esses territórios produtivos, questionando qualquer análise unilateral sobre esses processos.
A nova agenda de desenvolvimento pela ótica dos conflitos sociais: o caso de Belo monte
Authors: Moraes Corrêa Sérgio Roberto , De Oliveira Roberto Véras
Published: August 2016

Este artigo trata da emergência de uma nova agenda de desenvolvimento no Brasil, pela ótica dos conflitos sociais. Mais especificamente, versa sobre o processo de construção do Aproveitamento Hidrelétrico de Belo Monte - AHE Belo Monte, empreendimento situado no Rio Xingu, sudoeste do Pará. Parte do pressuposto de que o ângulo dos conflitos sociais, tomados em perspectiva histórica, pode trazer importante contribuição à análise do novo momento do desenvolvimento do País e da Amazônia. Pergunta-se se as lutas e resistências ao projeto AHE Belo Monte têm contribuído para redimensioná-lo, indo além de um ponto no qual, enquanto crítica social, venham a ser assimilados pela dinâmica de acumulação tão somente como justificação. Baseia-se em pesquisa qualitativa, tendo priorizado entrevistas semiestruturadas, observação direta e análise de documentos.
Pensiero filosofico della Cultura Umanistica come pressupposto alla Pedagogia Ontopsicologica: resultati del percorso formativo dei giovani nell’educazione universitaria
Philosophical thought of Humanistic Culture as a prerequisite to Ontopsychological Pedagogy: the training of young people in higher education results you
Authors: Wazlawick Patrícia
Published: August 2016

Ricerca esplorattiva ed empirica, approccio quantitativo-qualitativo, nell’interfaccia tra filosofia (pensiero filosofico della cultura umanistica), pedagogia ontopsicologica e educazione universitaria. L’obbiettivo generale è investigare come la pedagogia ontopsicologica contribuisce alla formazione personale/professionale dei giovani. Fondamentasi teoreticamente, in modo storico e pratico, nell’educazione, pedagogia ontopsicologica e formazione dei giovani nella contemporaneità. Il campione è stato formato con 49 giovani, studenti dei corsi di laurea in Amministrazione, Diritto e Sistemi Informativi, in una facoltà privata, localizzata in municipio al sud del Brasile. Questi giovani, età media di 25 anni, hanno risposto a tre test quantitativi di ricerca in due momenti diverse: quando si sono ingressati nei corsi di laurea, e di nuove mesi ad un anno dopo, caratterizando la seconda applicazione. I test utilizzati sono stati: a) Inventario dei Cinque Grandi Fattori della Personalità (Big Five); b) Scala Esistenziale di Längle; c) Test Forma Mentis. Dopo è stato applicato un questionario qualitativo con questione aperte, per raccogliere informazione di significati/sensi dei partecipanti che hanno avuto un maggior risultato di significanza statistica nell’applicazione dei test quantitativi. Lo studio ha realizzato analisi statistici e analisi del contenuto e del discorso. Con l’analisi e discussione dei risultati il problema di ricerca è stato risposto, siccome l’obbiettivo generale e gli obbiettivi specifici, producendo tre conclusioni principali. Si conclude che la pedagogia ontopsicologica contribuisce con resultati efficienti nell’aspetto psicologico dei giovani, una volta che la dinamica di sviluppo della personalità mentre il periodo studiato realmente esiste, e ausilia nello sviluppo sano personale, esistenziale e professionale degli studenti.
A busca pela eficiência no serviço público, através da lei de acesso à informação e as relações com o aprimoramento da gestão da informação
The search for efficiency in public service through Access to Information Act and relations with improvement of information management
Authors: Vieira Maria das Graças , Montenegro Junior Carlos Alberto Assis
Published: August 2016

Diversos segmentos da sociedade têm cada vez mais reivindicado serviços públicos eficientes. Essa crescente busca tem criado novas filosofias de trabalho focadas na valorização da ética no serviço público, do diálogo público e da transparência das informações sob a guarda do Estado. Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar a existência de relações da busca pela eficiência no serviço público brasileiro e da criação da Lei de Acesso à Informação (LAI) com o aprimoramento da Gestão da Informação. Quanto ao método, os dados coletados são do tipo secundários, os quais provêm de fontes já pesquisadas e analisadas. Organizar informações, tornar seu acesso rápido e ágil, gerir a informação e conhecimento organizacionais, bem como estruturar a organização para o funcionamento da LAI são ações que a busca pela eficiência no serviço público têm de alguma forma provocado. Com base no estudo apresentado neste artigo, bem como através das análises e considerações feitas, pode-se concluir, que existe relação do aprimoramento da gestão da informação com a busca por serviços públicos eficientes e a criação da lei de acesso à informação.
The Efficacy of Core Stability Assessment as a Determiner of Performance in Dynamic Balance and Agility Tests.
Authors: McCartney Kieran , Forsyth Jacky
Published: August 2016

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate if tests used to assess core stability could be used to determine success in physiological tests applied to assess dynamic balance and agility for a young active population. Methods: Pearson's r correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationship between the core stability tests and the dynamic balance and agility tests. Evaluation of the tests was established using Cronbach's coefficient of variance as part of intra-rater reliability tests. An analysis of 18 active college aged students was conducted (males: n= 13, females: n= 5). The mean ± SD age for males was 19.2 years ± 3.22 years and for females was 19.4 years ± 1.14 years. Conclusion: The results indicate that there is no significant relationship between tests that assess core stability and tests conducted to assess dynamic balance in active young adults. With the exception of the abdominal flexion test, no significant relationship exists between the remaining core stability tests and agility T-Test. Core stability is not a determinant of balance and agility.
The Vulnerability of Rice Value Chains in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review
Authors: Terdoo Fanen , Feola Giuseppe
Published: August 2016

Abstract: Rice is one of the most important food crops in sub-Saharan Africa. Climate change, variability, and economic globalization threaten to disrupt rice value chains across the subcontinent, undermining their important role in economic development, food security, and poverty reduction. This paper maps existing research on the vulnerability of rice value chains, synthesizes the evidence and the risks posed by climate change and economic globalization, and discusses agriculture and rural development policies and their relevance for the vulnerability of rice value chains in sub-Saharan Africa. Important avenues for future research are identified. These include the impacts of multiple, simultaneous pressures on rice value chains, the effects of climate change and variability on parts of the value chain other than production, and the forms and extent to which different development policies hinder or enhance the resilience of rice value chains in the face of climatic and other pressures.
Shale Industry Needs to Look Within for Solutions That Save
Authors: Jacobs Trent
Published: August 2016

Conference review - 2015 Unconventional Resources Technology Conference

July’s drop in oil prices to below USD 50/bbl reminded the shale industry that the hard times may be around for a while and that operators need to continue working on their cost reduction plans. At the recent 2015 Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, a major theme was how companies can improve performance without increasing the size of their budget.

Some companies are looking to work closer with other companies to share knowledge and technology that may yield higher production. Others are looking inward for ideas that may reduce risk and improve the bottom line.

Barry Biggs, vice president of onshore operations at Hess, described the lean approach that the company has adopted, which includes using “an army of problem solvers.” Counter to their moniker, this cadre of key employees are not exclusively working on problems. He said that too often, operators are focused more on finding out what went wrong in an operation rather than what went right.

“Well, flip that. What is the root cause analysis of things you are doing well?” he asked. “It is a mental shift that we can use to try to drive improvement.”

He credited this business structure with helping Hess drive down costs by 50% in the Bakken Shale from 2012 to 2015. Biggs said it has also been critical in allowing the company to develop the Utica Shale faster than the Bakken despite the geologic differences of the two plays.

Instead of dictating orders from the top down, this leadership style asks questions, welcomes debate, and relies on collaboration while still holding people accountable for meeting their goals, Biggs said.

One example of its management strategy is written on the walls of the company’s asset collaboration rooms, where team leaders post their business plans and status reports for all to see. Once a week, engineers and executives go around the room trying to solve whatever problems that are being encountered. Biggs said this visual approach of project management “is much more powerful than a report that gets circulated around.”

While operators trim their own fat, a hefty portion of the savings they are seeing today are a result of the pressure on service companies to lower their prices, in many cases by about 30% or more. “However, we can’t get to where we need to be with cost reductions alone,” said Peter Richter, vice president of unconventional resources at Schlumberger. “These cost reductions, while they are nice for the immediate economics, they are not sustainable for the long term.”

To emerge from the downturn stronger than before it entered in, Richter said the unconventional sector needs to adopt an align-and-conquer strategy. By integrating data and collaborating more on drilling and completion operations, both efficiency and production can be improved, he said.
Limiter Redesign Process Expands To Cover Flat-Time Operations
Authors: Wilson Adam
Published: August 2016

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 170751, “Maximizing Capital Efficiency by Expanding the Limiter Redesign Process to Flat-Time Operations,” by M.A. Valenta, SPE, M.W. Walker, SPE, P.E. Pastusek, SPE, J.R. Bailey, SPE, W.C. Elks, SPE, S.B. Lewis, SPE, and N.D. Mitchell, ExxonMobil Development Company, prepared for the 2014 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Amsterdam, 27–29 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

The Fast Drill Process has become a well-known work flow to identify hole-making limiters and mitigate them through redesign to the economic limit of performance. To address operations that do not include drilling of rock, the operator launched a similar effort and work flow that focus on flattime portions of well construction. This process is yielding significant savings globally and has been accomplished through planning, realtime recognition and response, and collaboration while improving safety performance continuously.

Evolution of the Fast Drill Process

In 2004, the operator started a pilot program to determine if drilling performance could be improved by analyzing and reacting to trends in mechanical specific energy (MSE). MSE is a performance measurement parameter that approximates the bit’s drilling efficiency and is a function of weight on bit (WOB), surface torque, bit rotation per revolution, and rate of penetration (ROP) for a given hole size. Results of a pilot program confirmed that significant ROP performance gains could be obtained simply by monitoring MSE trends and adjusting the drilling parameters (WOB and bit rotation per revolution) at the rigsite to minimize MSE. This process was deployed in 2005 and is known as the Fast Drill Process.

The operator refined the work flow to improve drill rate performance. The work flow follows a plan/do/analyze/improve cycle to identify and overcome limiters in the drilling operation. The key elements of the Limiter Redesign Process are

Identify the current limiter.

Plan to extend the limiter.

Identify risks with change.

Plan to mitigate risks.

Run trial and take data.

Adjust trial on the basis of real-time events.

Capture learnings.

Repeat the cycle to the economic limit.

Internally the Limiter Redesign Process was renamed Fast Drill Borehole Management (FDBM). The new expanded objective was to improve borehole quality and address near-misses in the upfront drilling-design process and in real-time drilling operations. The FDBM initiative was the continued evolution of the Fast Drill Process.
Carta Editorial: Un Nuevo Tiempo para Crecer y Desarrollarse
Authors: Zorrilla-Gascón Miguel Ángel
Published: August 2016

Este intercambio llevado en la mayoría de las ocasiones desde el concepto negociador “Win to Win” (Ganar-Ganar), ha proporcionado que ambas partes hayan desarrollado positivamente sus conocimientos y por ende, su potencial. Un ejemplo muy cercano lo tenemos en el metro de Medellín, en la que técnicos colombianos, españoles y alemanes tuvieron la oportunidad de intercambiar sus conocimientos y ponerlos en común para llevar a buen fin una infraestructura modelo en el mundo. No sólo por la infraestructura en sí, sino también por la magnífica gestión social que se promueve en la misma, y que ha sido exportada a otros países.
Educación emocional y satisfacción con la vida percibida en un grupo de adultos mayores
Authors: Perugache Rodríguez Adriana Del Pilar , Caicedo Ana Lucía , Barón Karen Alexandra , Tenganan Álvarez Dayana Stephany
Published: August 2016

La investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el efecto de un Programa en Educación Emocional sobre la percepción de la satisfacción con la vida en un grupo de Adultos Mayores. Materiales y método: el trabajo realizado fue de tipo explicativo y empleó un diseño experimental. Se evaluó inicialmente el nivel de la variable dependiente, en los grupos experimental y control a través de la prueba Índice de Satisfacción Vital (ISV –A) adaptación de la escala original validada por Zegers, Rojas y Förstein (2009); con una consistencia interna de 0, 80, y una validez de 0.84. Posteriormente se implementó el Programa de Educación Emocional en el grupo experimental y finalmente, se aplicó el pos-test en los dos grupos. El análisis de los datos se realizó con el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 0.20. Debido a que no se cumplió con el supuesto de normalidad se aplicó la prueba de Wilcoxon para muestras relacionadas y la U de Mann Whitney para las muestras independientes. Resultados: el programa mejoró los niveles de satisfacción con la vida percibida en el grupo experimental, obteniendo un p<0,05 en los factores: congruencia (0,002), entusiasmo (0,001), tono emocional (0,002), auto-concepto (0,048); sin embargo resolución y fortaleza (0,157) no evidenció cambio significativo, pero la población paso del nivel bajo (55%) a un nivel alto en un 70%. En el pos test del grupo control no se presentaron cambios significativos, donde p>0,05. Conclusiones:El programa incrementa los niveles de satisfacción con la vida percibida en adultos mayores. © Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales.
Characteristics of phosphorus sorption at the sediment–water interface in Dongting Lake, a Yangtze-connected lake
Authors: Huang Wei , Wang Kun , Du Hongwei , Wang Ting , Wang Shuhang , Yangmao Zhuoma , Jiang Xia
Published: August 2016

Phosphorus in sediments plays an important role in lake eutrophication. This study investigated the phosphorus sorption characteristics of sediments in a river-connected lake and identified the phosphorus source or sink areas in the lake. Sediment samples with different physicochemical characteristics were collected in 2011 and 2013 from Dongting Lake, which is connected to the world's third longest river, the Yangtze. Batch incubation experiments were conducted to determine the phosphorus sorption characteristics of the sediment samples. The sediment sample from Luzui (D3) exhibited the highest sorption capacity in 2013 (0.75 mg g−1) because of its large proportion of fine particles (<63 μm). Results of sorption isotherms illustrated that the modified Langmuir model can effectively describe the sorption isotherms (R2 > 0.91). The calculated results (equilibrium phosphorus concentration, 0.025–0.032 mg L−1) indicated that the estuary from Dongting Lake to the Yangtze River (D1) served as a phosphorus sink because of the large proportion of fine particles and low total phosphorus content in the sediments. The east Dongting Lake (D2 and D3) with a high phosphorus concentration served as a phosphorus source. Yugong Miao (D4) and Nanzui (D5) had a low phosphorus concentration in water because of their location and flow field, respectively.
Analysis of interactive effects of DEM resolution and basin subdivision level on runoff simulation in Kaidu River Basin, China
Authors: Sun J. , Li Y. P. , Huang G. H. , Wang C. X.
Published: August 2016

Uncertainties in spatial data associated with basin topography, drainage networks, and land cover characteristics may affect the performance of runoff simulation. Such uncertainties are mainly derived from selection of digital elevation model (DEM) resolution and basin subdivision level. This study focuses on assessing the effects of DEM resolution and basin subdivision level on runoff simulation with a semi-distributed land use-based runoff process model. Twenty-four scenarios based on various DEM resolutions and subdivision levels are analyzed for the Kaidu River Basin. Results can be used for quantifying the uncertainty of input data about spatial information on model simulation, disclosing the interaction between DEM resolution and subdivision level, as well as identifying the optimal system inputs. Results show that the model performance could be enhanced with the increased subdivision level. Results also reveal that the interaction of DEM resolution and subdivision level has slight effects on modeling outputs. Multi-objective fuzzy evaluation is used to further examine the uncertainty in DEM resolution and basin subdivision level on model performance. The results indicate an optimal combination of input parameters is suitable for Kaidu River Basin which could lead to more reliable results of the hydrological simulation.
The multivariable H-function and the general class of Srivastava polynomials involving the generalized Mellin-Barnes contour integrals
Authors: Daiya Jitendra , Ram Jeta , Kumar Dinesh
Published: August 2016

In the present paper, we study and develop the definite integrals of
Gradshteyn-Ryzhik given by Qureshi et al. [3]. The results are in general
character and besides of this have been put in a compact form avoiding the
occurrence of infinite series and thus making them useful in applications.
Several other new and known results can also be obtained from our main
theorems.
L1-solutions for implicit fractional order differential equations with nonlocal conditions
Authors: Benchohra Mouffak , Souid Mohammed
Published: August 2016

In this paper we study the existence of integrable solutions of the nonlocal
problem for fractional order implicit differential equations with nonlocal
condition. Our results are based on Schauder?s fixed point theorem and the
Banach contraction principle fixed point theorem.
On statistically convergent sequences of closed sets
Authors: Talo Özer , Sever Yurdal , Başarc Feyzi
Published: August 2016

In this paper, we give the definitions of statistical inner and outer limits
for sequences of closed sets in metric spaces. We investigate some
properties of statistical inner and outer limits. For sequences of closed
sets if its statistical outer and statistical inner limits coincide, we say
that the sequence is Kuratowski statistically convergent. We prove some
proporties for Kuratowski statistically convergent sequences. Also, we
examine the relationship between Kuratowski statistical convergence and
Hausdorff statistical convergence.
The existence of solution for a k-dimensional system of fractional differential inclusions with anti-periodic boundary value conditions
Authors: Hedayati Vahid , Rezapour Shahram
Published: August 2016

We investigate the existence of solutions for a k-dimensional systems of
fractional differential inclusions with anti-periodic boundary conditions. We
provide two results via different conditions for obtaining solutions of the
k-dimensional inclusion problem. We provide some examples to illustrate our
results.
An effective approach for evaluation of the optimal convergence control parameter in the homotopy analysis method
Authors: Turkyilmazoglu Mustafa
Published: August 2016

A rapid and effective way of working out the optimum parameter of convergence
control in the homotopy analysis method (HAM) is introduced in this paper. As
compared with the already known ways of evaluating the convergence control
parameter in HAM either through the classical h-level curves with h being the
convergence control parameter or from the classical squared residual formula
as adopted in the HAM society, an elegant way of calculating the convergence
control parameter yielding the same optimum values is offered. In most cases,
the new method is shown to perform quicker and better against the residual
error method when integrations are much harder to evaluate or even by
numerical means. Examples originating from real life applications selected
from the literature demonstrate the validity and usefulness of the introduced
technique.
The architecture of subject
Authors: Mitrovic Jelena
Published: August 2016

This essay defines material and symbolic implications of linear perspective
in modern architecture. First is seen as aesthetical method, which appears in
architectural drawings since beginning of European Renaissance. It represents
graphic system of creating illusion of spatial depth on flat surface. Second
refers to perspective in figurative sense. It symbolizes perception of a
subject: the capacity to view things in their true relations or relative
importance. In terms of vision, it characterizes a visible scene, a mental
view or prospect. Modern culture is, accordingly, the culture of perspective.
We can presuppose the connection between subject of architecture and linear
perspective due to their consistent development in early modern period. The
essay proposes that rising of designing subject is gained out from alienation
from real space. In systematic representation, such as linear perspective,
places are exhausted in defining their positions. Therefore it
(representation) presents purely functional, not essential reality.
Nonetheless, perspectival system raises arts to the status of sciences. It
rationalizes individual performance to extent it becomes a basis of modern,
empirical vision of space. Finally, it objectifies subjective viewpoint and,
therefore, creates modern subject.
Effectiveness of the transpalatal arch in controlling orthodontic anchorage in maxillary premolar extraction cases: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Diar-Bakirly Samira , Feres Murilo Fernando Neuppmann , Saltaji Humam , Flores-Mir Carlos , El-Bialy Tarek
Published: August 2016

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the transpalatal arch (TPA) as an anchorage device in preventing maxillary molar mesialization during retraction of the anterior teeth after premolar extraction.

Materials and Methods: This systematic review intended to include patients indicated for upper premolar bilateral extraction and subsequent retraction of anterior teeth, considering the use of TPA as an anchorage tool in one of the treatment groups. The search was systematically performed, up to April 2015, in the following electronic databases: Medline, Embase, and all evidence-based medicine reviews via OVID, Cochrane Library, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. Risk of bias assessment was performed using Cochrane's Risk of Bias Tool for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies (MINORS) for non-RCTs.

Results: Fourteen articles were finally included. Nine RCTs and five non-RCTs presented moderate to high risk of bias. Only one study investigated the use of TPA in comparison with no anchorage, failing to show significant differences regarding molar anchorage loss. A meta-analysis showed a significant increase in anchorage control when temporary anchorage devices were compared with TPA (mean difference [MD] 2.09 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.80 to 2.38], seven trials), TPA + headgear (MD 1.71 [95% CI 0.81 to 2.6], four trials), and TPA + utility arch (MD 0.63 [95% CI 0.12 to 1.15], 3 trials).

Conclusion: Based on mostly moderate risk of bias and with some certainty level, TPA alone should not be recommended to provide maximum anchorage during retraction of anterior teeth in extraction cases.
FNDC5 Alleviates Hepatosteatosis by Restoring AMPK/mTOR-Mediated Autophagy, Fatty Acid Oxidation, and Lipogenesis in Mice
Authors: Liu Tong-Yan , Xiong Xiao-Qing , Ren Xing-Sheng , Zhao Ming-Xia , Shi Chang-Xiang , Wang Jue-Jin , Zhou Ye-Bo , Zhang Feng , Han Ying , Gao Xing-Ya , Chen Qi , Li Yue-Hua , Kang Yu-Ming , Zhu Guo-Qing
Published: August 2016

Fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (FNDC5) protein induces browning of subcutaneous fat and mediates the beneficial effects of exercise on metabolism. However, whether FNDC5 is associated with hepatic steatosis, autophagy, fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and lipogenesis remains unknown. Herein, we show the roles and mechanisms of FNDC5 in hepatic steatosis, autophagy, and lipid metabolism. Fasted FNDC5−/− mice exhibited severe steatosis, reduced autophagy, and FAO, and enhanced lipogenesis in the liver compared with wild-type mice. Energy deprivation–induced autophagy, FAO, and AMPK activity were attenuated in FNDC5−/− hepatocytes, which were restored by activating AMPK with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR). Inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 with rapamycin enhanced autophagy and FAO and attenuated lipogenesis and steatosis in FNDC5−/− livers. FNDC5 deficiency exacerbated hyperlipemia, hepatic FAO and autophagy impairment, hepatic lipogenesis, and lipid accumulation in obese mice. Exogenous FNDC5 stimulated autophagy and FAO gene expression in hepatocytes and repaired the attenuated autophagy and palmitate-induced steatosis in FNDC5−/− hepatocytes. FNDC5 overexpression prevented hyperlipemia, hepatic FAO and autophagy impairment, hepatic lipogenesis, and lipid accumulation in obese mice. These results indicate that FNDC5 deficiency impairs autophagy and FAO and enhances lipogenesis via the AMPK/mTOR pathway. FNDC5 deficiency aggravates whereas FNDC5 overexpression prevents the HFD-induced hyperlipemia, hepatic lipid accumulation, and impaired FAO and autophagy in the liver.
The Stepwise Approach to Diabetes Prevention: Results From the D-CLIP Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Weber Mary Beth , Ranjani Harish , Staimez Lisa R. , Anjana Ranjit M. , Ali Mohammed K. , Narayan K.M. Venkat , Mohan Viswanathan
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVE

This study tests the effectiveness of expert guidelines for diabetes prevention: lifestyle intervention with addition of metformin, when required, among people with prediabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The Diabetes Community Lifestyle Improvement Program (D-CLIP) is a randomized, controlled, translation trial of 578 overweight/obese Asian Indian adults with isolated impaired glucose tolerance (iIGT), isolated impaired fasting glucose (iIFG), or IFG+IGT in Chennai, India. Eligible individuals were identified through community-based recruitment and randomized to standard lifestyle advice (control) or a 6-month, culturally tailored, U.S. Diabetes Prevention Program–based lifestyle curriculum plus stepwise addition of metformin (500 mg, twice daily) for participants at highest risk of conversion to diabetes at ≥4 months of follow-up. The primary outcome, diabetes incidence, was assessed biannually and compared across study arms using an intention-to-treat analysis.

RESULTS

During 3 years of follow-up, 34.9% of control and 25.7% of intervention participants developed diabetes (P = 0.014); the relative risk reduction (RRR) was 32% (95% CI 7–50), and the number needed to treat to prevent one case of diabetes was 9.8. The RRR varied by prediabetes type (IFG+IGT, 36%; iIGT, 31%; iIFG, 12%; P = 0.77) and was stronger in participants 50 years or older, male, or obese. Most participants (72.0%) required metformin in addition to lifestyle, although there was variability by prediabetes type (iIFG, 76.5%; IFG+IGT, 83.0%; iIGT, 51.3%).

CONCLUSIONS

Stepwise diabetes prevention in people with prediabetes can effectively reduce diabetes incidence by a third in community settings; however, people with iIFG may require different interventions.
Food aversion learning in sheep: persistence of conditioned taste aversions to palatable shrubs (Cercocarpus montanus and Amelanchier alnifolia)
Authors: Burritt E. A. , Provenza F. D.
Published: August 2016

We studied the persistence of conditioned taste aversions in sheep and whether or not sheep averted to one shrub species would avoid another shrub species. Three-month-old lambs were averted to the shrub Cercocarpus montanus by pairing its ingestion with lithium chloride (LiCl), a nonlethal gastrointestinal poison. When lambs were yearlings, they were offered C. montanus plants growing in 8-liter pots. During the persistence trial, averted sheep took fewer (P < .05) bites of C. montanus than controls did (19 vs 64 bites/sheep, respectively). Following the persistence trial, sheep that had been previously averted to C. montanus and consumed C. montanus received LiCl. Complete aversion to C. montanus was re-established in previously averted sheep with a single dose of LiCl. When sheep previously averted to C. montanus were offered potted Amelanchier alnifolia shrubs, averted sheep consumed 21 bites of A. alnifolia but controls consumed 58 bites (P < .05). This result suggests that previously averted sheep were either more food neophobic than controls or generalized their aversion from C. montanus to A. alnifolia. As with C. montanus, a single dose of LiCl completely averted sheep to A. alnifolia. When sheep grazed a pasture containing C. montanus and A. alnifolia averted sheep took fewer (P < .05) bites of the two shrubs than controls did (.2% vs 18%). Sheep showed no signs of extinguishing the aversion to either shrub during the grazing season (May-Sept.). Aversive conditioning may be useful to manipulate diet selection of free-ranging livestock.
UTILIZATION OF BOAR MEAT: COMPOSITION, QUALITY AND ODOR INCIDENCE IN RELATION TO ANDROSTENONE AND SKATOLE1
Authors: Judge M. D. , Mills E. W. , Orcutt M. W. , Forrest J. C. , Diekman M. A. , Harmon B. G. , Lin R. S. , Nicholls L. L.
Published: August 2016

Carcasses and(or) tissues of 510 boars and 510 barrows were analyzed for lean content, muscle quality, incidence of objectionable odor, 5α-androstenone concentration and skatole concentration. Boars and barrows differed (P < .01) in warm carcass weight (73.5 vs 80.1 kg), longissimus muscle area (36. vs 35. cm2), 10th rib fat depth (1.80 vs 2.57 cm), estimated percent muscle (56.1 vs 51.3%) and marbling score (1.73 vs 1.97). No difference (P > .05) was found for muscle color score (2.51 vs 2.45). Although odor panel scores were higher (P < .01) for boars than for barrows (1.74 vs 1.56), both scored quite low. The correlation coefficients between panel scores and 5α-androstenone content (.13) and between panel scores and skatole content (−.14) were nonsignificant (P > .05). These results indicate that boars reared in U.S. commercial production facilities produce lean meat more efficiently than barrows do and they have a low incidence of offensive odor. Concentration of 5α-androstenone and skatole in backfat proved unrelated to odor intensity.
Luteinizing hormone in nutrient-restricted ovariectomized ewes2
Authors: Tatman W. R. , Judkins M. B. , Dunn T. G. , Moss G. E.
Published: August 2016

This study was designed to evaluate profiles of serum concentrations of LH, pituitary content of LH and GnRH receptors, and hypothalamic content of GnRH in undernourished, ovariectomized ewes. In earlier studies, pulsatile secretion of LH diminished as duration of undernutrition progressed in prepubertal or adult ovariectomized ewes. Ewes having similar body condition scores (CS) of 5 to 9 (1 = extremely thin, 5 = moderate, 9 = obese) were fed maintenance or low-energy diets (100% and 60% of NRC requirements, respectively). Blood samples for analysis of LH were collected at 15-min intervals for 4 h at initiation of the project and immediately prior to slaughter. Serum concentrations of LH did not differ (P > .05) among groups at the initial sampling period. At slaughter, ewes with CS ≤ 2 (n = 7) had lost 26.8 kg (42% of initial weight). Ewes with CS ≥ 3 (n = 12) had lost an average of 13.7 kg (18% of initial weight). Concentrations of LH in ewes with final CS ≥ 3 was similar (P > .05) to that observed during the initial sampling period. However, release of LH was reduced (P < .01) in ewes with CS ≤ 2 compared with ewes with CS ≥ 3 (2.6 vs 9.5 and 3.2 vs 10.5 ng/ml for basal and mean concentrations, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adipose tissue development in the fetal pig examined using monoclonal antibodies.
Authors: Wright J. T. , Hausman G. J.
Published: August 2016

Two anti-adipocyte monoclonal antibodies (MAbs; AD-1 and AD-2) have been used to study the development of dorsal s.c. adipose tissue in fetuses from 50 to 110 d of gestation. Immunofluorescent staining of cryostat sections with each antibody revealed antigen-positive cells in fetal s.c. mesenchyme prior to lipid deposition. Lipid droplets as well as AD-1 and AD-2 positive cells were detected within the underlying muscle at 50 d. From 70 to 110 d of development, the AD-1 and AD-2 MAbs each detected all adipocytes examined, as well as capillaries associated with fat cell clusters in s.c. tissues. Reactivity toward both antibodies, as well as lipid deposition, also was detectable in the muscle underlying the s.c. mesenchyme from 70 d onward. Each MAb possessed a distinct pattern of reactivity. The AD-2 MAb stained arrector pili muscles and vessels in the s.c. mesenchyme and vessels in the underlying muscles, whereas the AD-1 did not. No reactivity using either MAb was detectable toward any other cell types within s.c. tissues. These results established the presence of cells expressing surface determinants found on mature adipocytes and associated capillaries prior to adipogenesis. A lineage relationship between adipocytes and capillary endothelial cells is suggested.
Bromocriptine-induced reduction of body fat in pigs
Authors: Southern L. L. , Cincotta A. H. , Meier A. H. , Bidner T. D. , Watkins K. L.
Published: August 2016

An experiment was conducted with 36 crossbred finishing pigs (18 male castrates and 18 females) to evaluate the effect of bromocriptine implants on growth, feed intake, feed efficiency, plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) and carcass characteristics. Three levels of bromocriptine (0, 5 and 10 mg/[pig·d]) were administered, via implants at the base of the ear, to six (two replicates of three) male castrates or to six (two replicates of three) intact female pigs (2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments). Average initial weight of pigs at the time of implantation was 89.7 kg, and the implants remained in the pigs for 28 (replicate 1) or 30 (replicate 2) d prior to slaughter. Gain, feed intake and efficiency of feed utilization were not affected (P > .10) by bromocriptine. Plasma urea nitrogen was lower in female pigs administered 10 mg bromocriptine; bromocriptine did not affect PUN of male pigs (gender × bromocriptine, P < .08). Tenth rib fat thickness and average backfat thickness were lower (P < .06) and percentage of muscling was higher (P < .06) in pigs implanted with bromocriptine. Female pigs had less 10th rib fat but larger loin eye areas and a greater percentage of muscling than male pigs.
Techniques for estimation of milk yield in beef cows and relationships of milk yield to calf weight gain and postpartum reproduction.
Authors: Beal W. E. , Notter D. R. , Akers R. M.
Published: August 2016

Milk production is a primary factor controlling weaning weight of beef calves. The purpose of this experiment was to develop a practical and reliable on-farm method of estimating milk production and to relate estimates of milk production and milk composition to preweaning weight gain of calves. A second objective was to relate milk production to postpartum ovarian activity. Milk production of spring- and fall-calving grade Angus cows was estimated by machine milking (MM; average of 66, 123 and 189 d postpartum) and weigh-suckle-weigh (WSW; average of 50, 95, 136 and 179 d postpartum) techniques following overnight calf removal. Cows and calves were weighed monthly and the postpartum interval to first ovulation following calving was determined. The repeatability of the estimated milk production by MM (.97) was higher (P < .01) than by WSW (.35). The correlation of average WSW and average MM estimates of milk production with preweaning calf gain were high and similar (> .75). Inclusion of milk composition did not improve the multiple correlation of MM-estimated milk production and calf gain. Neither milk production in early lactation (−.06) nor prebreeding weight change (−.07) was correlated with postpartum interval to ovulation. Machine milking was a repeatable method of estimating milk production of beef cows and can be used to evaluate effects of management variables on lactation of beef cows.