bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expanded Understanding of the Western Antarctic Peninsula Sea‐Ice Environment Through Local and Regional Observations at Palmer Station
Authors: Goodell E. , Stammerjohn S. , Meredith M. , Moffat C. , Eveleth R.
Published: November 2024

The Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) has been experiencing rapid regional warming since at least the 1950s, however, the impacts of this warming at the local scale are variable and nuanced. Previous studies that have linked sea‐ice variability to biogeochemical cycles and food web dynamics often combine local‐scale biogeochemical data with coarse‐resolution regional satellite sea‐ice data, which may not adequately capture local sea‐ice conditions. In this study, we analyzed local‐scale in situ sea‐ice observations collected as part of a 28‐year record (1992–2020) from the Palmer Long‐Term Ecological Research site at Anvers Island, mid‐WAP, in conjunction with isotopically‐derived sea‐ice meltwater (SIM) fractions and satellite‐derived sea‐ice motion and concentration, to quantify the variability and long‐term trends in local sea‐ice behavior. In situ sea ice observations at Palmer Station displayed higher variability than satellite observations and showed no significant declines over this time, despite region‐wide declines identified in prior studies. Higher spring SIM fractions were attributed to strong northward sea‐ice motion throughout the winter. Applying these local‐scale sea‐ice insights to similarly scaled stratification and chlorophyll‐a measurements, we found that a longer‐lasting, more consistent sea‐ice pack led to greater water column stratification following the spring sea‐ice retreat. Greater sea‐ice persistence and stronger stratification led to larger peaks in chlorophyll‐a, though sea‐ice metrics did not explain the positive temporal trends in either stratification strength or chlorophyll‐a. Through this study, we identify how local sea‐ice observations and meltwater data can enhance satellite data to build an understanding of the intricate connections between ice, water column dynamics, and phytoplankton.
Current practice, barriers and drivers to embedding environmental sustainability in undergraduate dental schools in the UK and Ireland
Authors: Dixon Jonathan , Martin Nicolas , Field James
Published: November 2024

Aims This study aimed to: i) identify current teaching practice and approaches to embedding environmental sustainability (ES) in the undergraduate dental curriculum in the UK and Republic of Ireland (ROI); and ii) uncover existing barriers and drivers to incorporating ES in dental education.

Methods A questionnaire was developed and distributed to all dental schools in the UK and ROI in the form of an online survey. The intended respondents were deans, heads of schools, directors of education, or senior academics of all dental schools in the UK and ROI that deliver undergraduate dentistry/dental surgery programmes.

Results In total, 18 dental schools responded to the survey, representing a response rate of 100% from the intended respondents. Note 56% of dental schools do not currently teach ES. Time constraints and a lack of knowledge and learning resources were the most reported barriers.

Conclusion Currently, ES is not taught in most dental schools in the UK and ROI. Many schools face challenges in finalising the delivery modalities of ES teaching, particularly in clinical environments. Numerous barriers have been identified that complicate embedding this topic in the curriculum. Positively, universities, staff, students and the recently published learning outcomes are driving impactful change across the sector.
Impact of smoking status on incident hypertension in a Japanese occupational population
Authors: Yamato Ikumi , Kansui Yasuo , Matsumura Kiyoshi , Inoue Minako , Ibaraki Ai , Sakata Satoko , Arima Hisatomi , Goto Kenichi , Kitazono Takanari
Published: November 2024

Hypertension and tobacco smoking pose independent risks for cardiovascular diseases, but their association is unclear especially in Japanese. We investigated the impact of smoking status on the risk of new-onset hypertension in male and female Japanese workers. We evaluated 5439 subjects without hypertension who participated in medical check-ups in 2007–2018. The outcome was the development of hypertension (blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg or initiation of antihypertensive drugs). Cox’s proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between smoking status and the hypertension incidence. During the average 6.0-year follow-up, 1395 individuals (25.6%) developed hypertension. The crude incidence rates of hypertension (per 100 person-years) were: current non-smokers (n = 3033), 3.4; quitters (n = 445), 4.2; and sustained smokers (n = 1961), 5.7. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio was 1.34 (1.20–1.50) for sustained smokers and 1.03 (0.86–1.24) for quitters compared to current non-smokers (P for trend <0.01). In stratified analyses, the risk of incident hypertension was significantly higher in the sustained smokers with lower blood pressure or without diabetes at baseline versus the current non-smokers. A significant risk reduction of hypertension development due to smoking cessation was revealed in the subjects with higher blood pressure levels at baseline or without body weight gain after smoking cessation. Smoking was an independent risk factor for incident hypertension. Smoking cessation reduced the risk of hypertension development compared to sustained smoking, especially among the subjects with higher blood pressure levels. Maintaining one’s body weight after smoking cessation would also help prevent hypertension development.
Optimization of waste biomass demineralization through response surface methodology and enhancement of thermochemical and fusion properties
Authors: Tabish Asif Nadeem , Irfan Muhammad , Irshad Muneeb , Hussain Muhammad Asif , Zeb Hassan , Jahangir Saad , Shahzad Akmal , Siddiqi Muhammad Hamid , Mujtaba M. A. , Fouad Yasser , Kalam M. A.
Published: November 2024

This study examines the impact of leaching with dilute hydrochloric acid solution on the reduction of ash content and the thermal degradation behavior of sugarcane bagasse. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to statistically design the experiments and investigate the effect of three independent variables: treatment time, solid-to-liquid ratio, and reagent concentration. The leaching conditions were further optimized and experimentally validated for maximum ash reduction for suitability of treated biomass as feedstock for thermochemical conversion technologies. Reagent concentration and treatment time directly affected ash reduction, while the solid-to-liquid ratio inversely influenced it. Concentration had the highest impact, and treatment duration had the least. The maximum 78.2% ash reduction was achieved by treating the biomass with 1 M HCl for 80 min at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 50:1 (wt/vol). This ash reduction also resulted in a 9.82% increase in higher heating value (HHV). Hemicellulose hydrolysis during leaching was observed through chemical composition and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Ash fusion temperatures increased, indicating more thermally stable biomass. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed elevated maximum degradation temperature and activation energy.
Enhancement of AVR system performance by using hybrid harmony search and dwarf mongoose optimization algorithms
Authors: Hesham Omar M. , Attia Mahmoud A. , Mekhamer S. F.
Published: November 2024

Innovations in control algorithms, integration of smart grid technologies, and advancements in materials and manufacturing techniques all push the boundaries of AVR performance. As the demand for power systems progresses with the complexity and variety of loads, conventional AVR designs may struggle to handle these ever-changing circumstances efficiently. Therefore, the need for new optimization methods is crucial to bolstering the efficiency, reliability, and adaptability of AVRs. Thus, this work aims to improve the performance of the AVR system controller by using a novel hybrid technique between the Harmony Search (HS) and Dwarf Mongoose Optimization (DMO) algorithms to tune the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and proportional-integral-derivative acceleration (PIDA) parameters. The suggested hybrid approach ensures an accurate solution with balanced exploration and exploitation rates. The reliability of the proposed HS-DMOA is verified through comparison with different optimization techniques carried out on time and frequency performance indicators, disturbances in the form of changes to time constants, and dynamic input signals. The proposed hybrid HS-DMOA PID-based has better overshoot than PID-based HS, LUS, TLBO, SMA, RSA, and L-RSAM by 20.37%, 18.5%, 18.5%, 2.77%, 5.55%, and 2.77%, respectively. Regarding the phase margin, the proposed hybrid HS-DMOA PID-based is better than PID-based HS, LUS, and TLBO by 39%, 37%, and 38%, respectively. While the proposed hybrid HS-DMOA PIDA-based has a better overshoot than PIDA-based HS, LUS, and PID HS-DMOA-based by 14%, 17%, and 20%, respectively. Moreover, the robustness under dynamic disturbance proved the reliability of the proposed HS-DMOA PID and PIDA based through enhancement of overshoot around 0.3%~20% for different cases. Finally, the main contribution of the paper is to propose a relatively new hybrid optimization method to enhance the AVR PID and PIDA-based performance with detailed analysis in time and frequency domains under normal and dynamic disturbances.
Hydration behavior of L-proline in the presence of mono, bis, tris-(2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium acetate protic ionic liquids: Thermophysical properties
Authors: Morsali Mohammad Amin , Shekaari Hemayat , Golmohammadi Behrang
Published: November 2024

The hydration behavior of amino acids, essential for biological macromolecules, is influenced by ammonium biomaterials. The protic ionic liquids (PILs) are gaining attention in the food and pharmaceutical industries due to their nontoxicity and adjustable properties. Thus, study of the amino acids, such as L-proline, in the presence of PILs is crucial for understanding their hydration behavior. In this work, the effect of PILs, including mono, bis, tris (2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium acetate protic ionic liquids that might be naturally produced in human body, on L-proline hydration behavior was studied using COSMO calculations and thermophysical measurements. Measurements were the density, speed of sound, viscosity, and refractive index data of the solutions (L-proline + PILs + water) at various PIL concentrations at temperatures (298.15 to 318.15) K and under atmospheric pressure. The study indicates L-proline has weaker interactions with water compared to PILs ([2-HEA][Ac], [bis-2-HEA][Ac], and [tris-2-HEA][Ac]) due to its compact structure and lower negative dielectric energy. PILs interact more strongly with water through hydrogen bonding. Increasing temperature affects L-proline’s hydration layer, releasing more water molecules compared to PIL solutions. This effect is more pronounced with [tris-2-HEA][Ac], likely due to its larger size and complex structure. While L-proline promotes an ordered water structure, PILs can disrupt this by rearranging water molecules and forming their own hydrogen bonds.
Impact of statistical poly(propylene co-ethylene) on the thermo-mechanical properties of high-density polyethylene
Authors: Darweesh Mohamed H. , Stoll Bernhard , El-Taweel Safaa H.
Published: November 2024

A series of high-density polyethylene and a statistical copolymer of poly(propylene-co-ethylene) blends in a wide range, namely (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60,70, 80, 90, 100) abbreviated as HDPE/VM were systematically investigated by using a rheometer, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements, polarized optical microscopy (POM) and tensile tests. Rheometer results show that adding VM decreases dynamic viscosity, storage, and loss modulus. Han plot shows that HDPE and VM are compatible and miscible in the range from 20 to 60 VM % in the molten state. DSC results show little nucleation effect of VM on HDPE (HDPE’s melt crystallization temperature shifts 2 °C higher). Moreover, a linear composition dependence of ∆cp ∆Hc, ∆Hm shows that PE and VM are most probably compatible in the molten state in composition range from 20 to 60%. However, upon crystallization, the VM and PE domains occur distinctively. The results of the tensile tests demonstrated a decrease in elastic modulus, yield stress, and ultimate tensile strength as VM content increased. At low VM content (less than 20%), high elongation at break was detected for the blends, and very fine spherulites of HDPE were found across the sample by POM.
A comparative study for optimizing photocatalytic activity of TiO2-based composites with ZrO2, ZnO, Ta2O5, SnO, Fe2O3, and CuO additives
Authors: Abdelfattah I. , El-Shamy A. M.
Published: November 2024

Despite the widespread use of titanium dioxide (TiO2) in photocatalytic applications, its inherent limitations, such as low efficiency under visible light and rapid recombination of electron-hole pairs, hinder its effectiveness in environmental remediation. This study presents a comparative investigation of TiO2-based composites, including TiO2/ZrO2, ZnO, Ta2O3, SnO, Fe2O3, and CuO, aiming to assess their potential for enhancing photocatalytic applications. Photocatalysis holds promise in environmental remediation, water purification, and energy conversion, with TiO2 being a prominent photocatalyst. To improve efficiency and broaden applicability, various metal oxide composites have been explored. Composites were synthesized and characterized using techniques such as XRD, SEM, TEM, and zeta potential analysis to evaluate their structural and morphological properties. Photocatalytic performance was assessed by degrading herbicide Imazapyr under UV illumination. Results revealed that, the photo-activity of all prepared composites were more effective than the photo-activity of commercial hombikat UV-100. The photonic-efficiency is arranged according to the order TiO2/CuO > TiO2/SnO > TiO2/ZnO > TiO2/Ta2O3 > TiO2/ZrO2 > TiO2/Fe2O3 > Hombikat TiO2-UV100. All composites exhibited superior performance, attributed to enhanced light absorption and charge separation. The study underscores the potential of these composites for environmental remediation and energy conservation, offering valuable insights for the development of advanced photocatalysts.
Effect of ZnO/EAF slag doping on removal of methyl red dye (MR) from industrial waste water
Authors: Wissa D. A. , Youssef Nadia F. , Tharwat Christen
Published: November 2024

Zinc oxide doped with EAF slag (ZnO/ EAF slag) nanoparticles in different contents (10, 20) % of waste were synthesized in a controlled and reproducible way using spin-coater. The produced nanomaterial’s physicochemical and structural characteristics were ascertained by means of particle size distribution, TEM, SEM, UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, and XRF. The role and effect of EAF slag with constant percent doping with ZnO on the ability to remove pollutants was determined by observing the methyl red (MR) elimination in an aqueous solution at λmax = 413 nm and MR dye removal concentration was evaluated from its optical density. Irradiation of the compounds in sunlight intensity 250 KW/nh.m2 and temperature 36 °c resulted in a larger degree of MR removal from the solution, resulting in ZnO/EAF slag samples exhibiting increased photo activity. As a conclusion ZnO nanoparticles saturated with 20% EAF slag as a waste material were the most efficient in removing methyl red (MR) achieving ~ 96% removal and a completely transparent solution after 2 h of testing.
Decomposing social groups differential in stunting among children under five in India using nationally representative sample data
Authors: Dolui Mriganka , Sarkar Sanjit
Published: November 2024

Stunting among children is a reflection of the chronic malnutrition caused by a complex set of behavioural, demographic, and socioeconomic factors. This long-term detrimental exposure to chronic malnutrition is disproportionately higher among social and economically deprived groups, leading to significant differentials in the prevalence of stunting across various social strata. Therefore, this study investigates the inequality of social groups in terms of the prevalence of stunting across Schedule Caste (SC)-Scheduled Tribe (ST) and non-SC-ST. The study used 1,93,886 children’s data aged 0–59 months from the recent round of the National Family Health Survey. Descriptive statistics, multivariable logistic regression, F-test, t-test and chi-squared (χ²) test were applied to understand the prevalence, determinants, and associations, respectively. The Fairlie decomposition model was applied to quantify the factors contributing to the inequality of stunting across social groups. The results revealed that the prevalence of stunting was higher among SC-ST (39.60%) children compared to non-SC-ST (33.27%). In addition, children aged 15–30 months (AOR: 1.895, 95% CI: 1.843–1.949), and male (AOR: 1.074, 95% CI: 1.053–1.095), mothers had lower BMI (AOR: 1.543, 95% CI: 1.492–1.595), mothers who had no education (AOR: 1.595, 95% CI: 11.532–1.662), belongs to poorest wealth index (AOR: 1.857, 95% CI: 1.766–1.952), and the children belong to the household with unhygienic satiation practices (AOR: 1.097, 95% CI: 1.070–1.123) were more likely to be stunted. The decomposition results revealed that the variables included in the study could explain 68.9% of the stunting inequality between SC-ST and non-SC-ST groups. The household’s wealth index is found to be a leading factor, which contributed nearly 41.3% of total stunting inequality exists between these two groups, followed by mothers’ education (12.86%) and mothers’ BMI (11.02%), sanitation facilities (4.26%), children’s birth order (3.32%) and mother’s type of delivery (1.49%). These findings emphasize the importance of targeted interventions. Prioritizing policies that address household economic enhancement, women’s education and empowerment can be instrumental in reducing social group inequality and lowering the overall prevalence of stunting. Ensuring access to improved hygienic sanitation facilities in the household is equally important for achieving better health outcomes for the children.
Relationship between the microstructural energy release rate of cortical bone and age under compression condition
Authors: Fan Ruoxun , Wang Yitong , Jia Zhengbin
Published: November 2024

Most studies evaluated the energy release rate of cortical bone macrostructure under Mode I, Mode II, and mixed Mode I-II loading conditions. However, testing the macrostructural energy release rate requires an initial crack and recording the applied load and the corresponding crack length in real-time, which may introduce measurement errors and differences with the actual fracture scenarios. To further understand how the energy release rate contributed to the cortical bone fracture characteristics, this study predicted the microstructural energy release rate of cortical bone and then investigated its age-related varitions. The microstructural energy release rate of femoral cortical bone in rats from different ages was back-calculated by fitting the experimental and simulated load–displacement curves under compression load. The trends in the microstructural energy release rate were revealed, and the underlying reasons for the age-related changes were investigated by integrating the discussion on the cortical bone mechanical parameters at various levels obtained from the previous experiment. The predicted microstructural energy release rate of femoral cortical bone in the rats from 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 15 months of age were in the range of 0.08–0.12, 0.12–0.14, 0.15–0.19, 0.25–0.28, 0.23–0.25, 0.19–0.22, and 0.13–0.16 N/mm, respectively. The statistical analyses showed the significant differences in the microstructural energy release rate at different ages. The results indicated an increasing trend followed by a decrease from 1 to 15 months of age, and the correlations between microstructural energy release rate and age were significant. The age-related variations in the microstructural energy release rate may be linked to the changes in the microarchitecture, and the fracture load is influenced by the micro-level mechanical parameters. Notably, the age-related trends in microarchitecture and energy release rate were similar. These findings were valuable for understanding the mechanism underlying the weakening mechanical properties of cortical bone microstructure with age from an energy perspective.
Retinal morphology across the menstrual cycle: insights from the UK Biobank
Authors: Ribeiro Reis Ana Paula , Ioannidou Estelle , Wagner Siegfried Karl , Struyven Robbert , Sun Zihan , Foster Paul , Khawaja Anthony P. , Petzold Axel , Sivaprasad Sobha , Pontikos Nikolas , Keane Pearse A. , Balaskas Konstantinos , Greco Elena , Iliodromiti Stamatina , Patel Praveen J.
Published: November 2024

Oestradiol and progesterone levels are higher in menstruating women than men of the same age, and their receptors are present in their neurosensory retina and retinal pigment epithelium. However, the impact of this hormonal environment on retinal physiology in women remains unclear. Using self-reported menstrual cycle phases as a surrogate for fluctuating hormonal levels, we investigated associations with retinovascular indices on colour fundus photograph and retinal thickness in optical coherence tomography across regularly menstruating women in the UK Biobank. We found no differences in retinal thickness across the cycle; however, vessel density, arteriolar and venular, and fractal dimension were higher in the luteal phase than follicular. The calibre of the central retinal vessels did not differ. This study suggests that the menstrual cycle phase might be associated with retinal microvasculature density in non-invasive imaging. It raises awareness for this understudied area, providing insights into neuroscience fields and epidemiological studies.
An efficient extraction device for microplastics in marine sediments and its applications
Authors: Jiahan Wang , Xiaowei Liu , Feng Yang , Xiujiu Yang , Wenguang Jiao , Kai Tang , Jinli Wang , Yan Chen
Published: November 2024

Microplastics, defined as small pieces of plastic with a size less than 5 millimeters, constitute a significant sink for microplastics in marine sediments.
Reaction of unsymmetrical α-bromo-1,3-diketones with N-substituted thioureas: regioselective access to 2-(N-arylamino)-5-acyl-4-methylthiazoles and/or rearranged 2-(N-acylimino)-3-N-aryl-4-methylthiazoles
Authors: Aggarwal Ranjana , Sharma Shilpa , Jain Naman , Sanz Dionisia , Claramunt Rosa M. , Delgado Patricia , Torralba M. Carmen
Published: November 2024

Hantzsch's [3 + 2] cyclic condensation of α-bromo-1,3-diketones with N-substituted thioureas.
Syntheses of optically active monapterin, 7,8-dihydromonapterin, and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromonapterin from l-xylose
Authors: Ghosh Arun K. , Sharma Ashish , Nagam Satish , Fuqua Clay
Published: November 2024

Monapterin, 7,8-dihydromonapterin, and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromonapterin are synthesized in optically active forms using l-xylose as the starting material.
A Multimodal Biometric Recognition Method Based on Federated Learning
Authors: Chen Guang , Luo Dacan , Lian Fengzhao , Tian Feng , Yang Xu , Kang Wenxiong
Published: November 2024

Recently, multimodal authentication methods based on deep learning have been widely explored in biometrics. Nevertheless, the contradiction between the data privacy protection and the requirement of sufficient data when model optimizing has become increasingly prominent. To this end, we proposes a multimodal biometric federated learning framework (FedMB) to realize the multiparty joint training of identity authentication models with different modal data while protecting the users’ data privacy. Specifically, a personalized multimodal biometric recognition model fully trained by each participant is first obtained to improve the authentication performance, using modal point clustering with class‐first federated learning methods on the service side with the modal. Then a complementary multimodal biometric recognition strategy is implemented to build a complementary modal model. Finally, the fusion participant local model, with the modal model and complementary modal model, is trained by all participants again to obtain a more personalized modal model. The experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed FedMB can either protect the data privacy or utilize the data from all participants to train the personalized biometric recognition model to improve identity authentication performance.
A review of finite control set model predictive control for linear machines
Authors: Xu Wei , Xiao Han , Tang Yirong , Ge Jian , Guo Leilei , Junejo Abdul Khalique
Published: November 2024

Linear machines (LMs) have become excellent candidates for linear motion applications due to their abilities of generating thrust without any transmissions, and have been widely adopted in transportation, industries etc. Among the numerous control methods of LM drive systems, finite control set model predictive control (FCS‐MPC) method has been given special attention due to its clear concept, fast response performance, and ability to handle constrained multivariate non‐linear control problems. It is widely used to improve the performance and efficiency of overall LM drive systems. Firstly, based on the three elements of FCS‐MPC, the advantages and shortcomings of the FCS‐MPC method in applications are fully investigated. The research status in FCS‐MPC has been summarised, such as multistep MPC, parameters robustness improvement, fast optimisation, and multi‐vector MPC. Then, the key issues in FCS‐MPC such as delay compensation, parameters design, and stability analysis are discussed, and their typical research methods and current research status are explained. Finally, the future development trends of FCS‐MPC in LM drive systems are discussed.
Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: A Sustainable Route for Multifunctional Applications with Advanced Characterization
Authors: Kaur Sumeet , Mishra Mukul , Sharma Aman , Mittal Vaibhav , Duklan Nitin , Sashank S. Sravan , Soni Himanshi , Hussain Muhamed
Published: November 2024

The environmentally friendly manufacturing of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plant-based extracts has received immense interest. This study synthesized AgNPs from aloe vera, green tea, ginger, neem, and lemon extracts and examined how varied synthesis circumstances affected nanoparticle characteristics. The synthesis was performed at 50–70°C, pH 6.5– 9, with silver precursor concentrations 0.5–2 mM. Results showed that higher precursor concentrations increased nanoparticle size by 15%. The plant extract, temperature, and pH affected the nanoparticles’ morphology, which ranged from spherical to rod-like to irregular. In antibacterial experiments, AgNPs generated with turmeric extract were 25% more effective against * E. coli* and * S. aureus* bacteria than those made with aloe vera extract. In methylene blue and Congo red dye degradation studies, green tea extract-generated AgNPs had 10% greater catalytic activity than lemon extract-derived ones. This comprehensive study shows that green-synthesized AgNPs may be customized utilizing eco-friendly methods, making them promising for nanotechnology, biomedicine, catalysis, and environmental research.
Energy-Efficient Parametric Optimization of Al7178/TiB2/SiO2 Hybrid Nanocomposites through SN ratio and ANOVA method
Authors: Seetharaman Suresh , Geetha M. , Pushparaj J. Paulmar , Devi P. Renuka , Pant Ruby , Singh Maninder
Published: November 2024

This work focused on the energy-efficient fabrication of Al7178 based hybrid nanocomposites reinforced with TiB2 & SiO2 by using the stir-casting technique. The investigation aimed to optimize process factors including stirring speed, stirring time, reinforcement weight percentage, and preheat temperature, to improve the tensile strength of the Al7178/TiB2/SiO2 hybrid composite. The Taguchi method and ANOVA were employed to analyze the influence of these parameters on tensile strength. SN ratio analysis helped to identify the optimal parameter settings. Results confirmed that preheat temperature, stir time, and reinforcement weight percentage had a statistically significant impact on tensile strength. Optimal conditions were identified as 800 rpm, 740°C of preheat temperature, 8 wt% of reinforcement, and 9 minutes of stir time, lead to a substantial improvement in tensile strength. These conclusions contributed to the development of energy-efficient and high-performance Al-based hybrid composites.
Nano-Innovations for a Greener Future: Exploring the Intersection of Nanotechnology and Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Hemalatha P.K. , Kanagaraj Kuppusamy , Raman Kannan , Nangan Senthilkumar , MD Ramesh , Aggarwal Saurabh , Kumar Rohit
Published: November 2024

The integration of nanotechnology into natural maintainability hones speaks to a essential progression in our journey for a greener future. This survey article, “Nano-Innovations for a Greener Future: Investigating the Crossing point of Nanotechnology and Natural Maintainability,” investigates the transformative applications of nanotechnology over different natural spaces, counting vitality generation, contamination control, and asset administration. We dig into the most recent headways in nano-enhanced sun powered cells, wind turbines, and vitality capacity arrangements that increment productivity and diminish costs. The audit too looks at nanotechnology’s part in contamination moderation through imaginative nano-sensors and nano-adsorbents, which offer tall accuracy and proficiency in evacuating poisons from discuss, water, and soil. Besides, we talk about the application of nanotechnology in squander administration and agribusiness, highlighting nano-fertilizers and nano-pesticides that optimize asset utilize and minimize natural impacts. Looking ahead, the article recognizes key challenges and future inquire about bearings, emphasizing the require for economical nano-manufacturing forms and comprehensive administrative systems to saddle the complete potential of nanotechnology in progressing natural maintainability. This comprehensive investigation underscores the critical natural benefits nano-innovations can give, setting the arrange for considerable environmental enhancements in our interest of supportability.
Sustainable Fabrication of ZnO Nanostructures for Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance: Insights from SEM and XRD Analysis
Authors: Nanda Simranjeet , Singh Neelesh , Chaturvedi Rishabh , Dutt Amit , Pandey Alok Kumar , Raju D. S. Naga , Sheokand Anisha , Muhsen Muntadar
Published: November 2024

The study of sustainable ZnO nanostructure coatings for photovoltaic cells has advanced solar energy technologies. Hydrothermal and sol-gel methods were utilized to make ZnO nanorods, nanowires, nanoflowers, nanoplates, and nanotubes. These nanostructures have many shapes and crystalline arrangements. SEM revealed different shapes. The average length of nanorods, nanoflowers, nanoplates, and nanotubes is 150, 120, 200, and 160 nm, respectively. XRD verified crystal structures and dimensions. The 25–30 nanometer crystals have orientations of (002), (101), (103), (110), and (112). These nanoparticles greatly improved solar cell performance. Open circuit voltages were 0.65 V to 0.74 V, while short circuit currents were 11.3 mA to 13.5 mA. Power conversion efficiency ranged from 5.9% to 7.1%, while fill factors were 76% to 85%. A strong association exists between nanostructure morphology, structural properties, and cellular performance. This shows how these settings improve solar cell efficiency. These findings show that ecologically friendly ZnO nanoparticles have exciting potential. They point to efficient, ecologically friendly solar energy conversion methods. Research and development of customized nanoparticles may improve solar devices. This may provide eco-friendly and efficient solar energy systems.
Study on the effect of CuO influenced kenaf fiber reinforced epoxy composite – A novel material for secondary structural applications
Authors: Karthik Krishnasamy , Munusamy Vinayagamoorthy , Nangan Senthilkumar , MD Ramesh , Hussain Muhamed , Singh Karanpal
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the effects of copper oxide (CuO) particles on the mechanical and thermal properties of kenaf fibre reinforced epoxy composites, suggesting a new material suitable for structural applications. Comprehensive tests, including Thermogravimetric Investigation (TGA), weakness testing, and Checking Electron Microscopy (SEM), were conducted to evaluate the performance enhancements provided by the incorporation of CuO. The TGA has revealed that CuO particles significantly enhance the thermal stability of the composites. Among the many tests, sample C (6g of CuO) has the highest thermal resistance, retaining 17% of its weight at 500°C, which is higher than the other tests. The fatigue testing demonstrated that the composites exhibited remarkable fatigue resistance, particularly Test C, which maintained a fatigue stress of 14 MPa even after 15,000 cycles, indicating superior durability under cyclic loading circumstances. The SEM study revealed detailed microstructural observations, showing a consistent distribution of CuO particles and strong bonding between the fibres and matrix, which enhance the mechanical performance and resistance to failure.
Performance Evaluation of Corrosion Inhibitors in Electrochemical Resistance of Steel Reinforcement in Concrete
Authors: Manoj Tangudu , Bommisetty Jagadeesh , Muralidhara Rao T. , Ramanjaneyulu B. , Ashok Kumar M. , Naga Malleswara Rao B.
Published: November 2024

Reinforced concrete (RC) structures are often used in the construction sector due to their strength and longevity. Corrosion in steel reinforcement can have detrimental effects like surrounding concrete cracks and spalls as the steel rusts and expands. Furthermore, weakening the structure, corrosion might make the steel’s bond with the surrounding concrete less strong and results in expensive repairs, safety risks, or even collapse. Studying steel reinforcement corrosion in concrete is essential for several reasons. Firstly, it enhances our understanding of the mechanisms underlying corrosion and facilitates the development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies includes designing materials with improved corrosion resistance, applying protective coatings, or implementing cathodic protection systems to inhibit corrosion. The present investigation is aimed to assess the damage in RC flexural members at no corrosion level and 10% corrosion level using non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques to capture various aspects of the specimen condition. The research examined the efficacy of several corrosion inhibitors, including Epoxy, Grout, Geopolymer, Red oxide, and polythene cover. The findings revealed that Geopolymer demonstrated superior performance in mitigating corrosion. This effectiveness is attributed to its ability to form an alkaline protective layer around the reinforcing bars, which significantly impedes corrosion processes compared to the other inhibitors assessed.
Integrating the Roles of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure, Good Corporate Governance, and Firm Size on Corporate Value Creation: Perspectives from Indonesia Energy Companies
Authors: Winarsih  , Khatamy Azizah Azmi , Najihah Naila
Published: November 2024

This study aims to examine the moderating roles of firm size on the maximization of firm value with corporate social responsibility disclosure and good corporate governance in the energy sector companies. The population of this study consisted of energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2019 to 2023. The sampling method employed was purposive sampling by curating samples from the population that met predetermined criteria. The sample used in this study amounted to 80, with details of 16 companies meeting the criteria over the 5-year research period. The analysis techniques in this study were descriptive analysis and quantitative analysis (classical assumption test, moderation regression analysis, and hypothesis testing) utilizing STATA version 17. The results of this study uncovered that the implementation of good corporate governance exerted a positive and significant effect on the creation of firm value, and firm size could moderate the relationship between good corporate governance and firm value. Additionally, the relationships between corporate social responsibility disclosure and firm value, moderated by firm size, did not exhibit significant relationships.
The Value Relevance of Risk Disclosure and Risk Governance: Efforts to Maintain Sustainability in the Banking Industry
Authors: Kresnawati Etik , Hermawati Mega Meida , Nugraheni Peni , Zuhrotun  , Harmanto Margaretha Dharmayanti
Published: November 2024

As a financial institution with an essential role in developingthe economy and national development, banks are required to have good financial performance. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many banks were affected, which increased their credit risk. In various conditions, banks need to make efforts to maintain their performance. This study, thus, aims to examine these efforts by examining the role of risk governance in moderating the value relevance of risk disclosure in the banking industry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2018-2022. In two different economic conditions (before and during COVID-19), management efforts to explain the management of the company through risk disclosure and governance should have a positive impact on the sustainability of the company. Tests conducted on 145 firm samples with the Generalized Least Squares model revealed that risk disclosure and risk governance exert a positive effect on market performance. However, risk governance weakens risk disclosure in terms of market performance.
Wenn sich alles nur noch um die Erkrankung dreht – Therapiemüdigkeit
Authors: Heizmann Sabrina , Kückmann Elke
Published: November 2024

Adhärenz ist ausschlaggebend für den Therapieerfolg. Dazu gehört sowohl die Expertise der Klient*innen als auch ihre Eigenverantwortung, Besprochenes umzusetzen. Erfahren Sie, wie Sie diesen Schlüssel in der Zusammenarbeit einsetzen, um Stillstand oder Frust vorzubeugen und den Therapieprozess wieder in Schwung zu bringen. Denn insbesondere in der Onkologie fühlen sich Betroffene häufig von einem vollen Terminkalender fremdbestimmt.
Early and Midterm Outcomes of Percutaneous Arteriovenous Fistula Creation
Authors: Abdel Aal Ahmed Kamel , Bassuner Juri , El Khudari Husameddin , Alrasheed Reema F. , Aziz Shahroz , Shahin Mohamed , Almehmi Ammar , Kowalczyk Bridget
Published: November 2024

Surgical creation of arteriovenous fistulas has been the gold standard for vascular access in hemodialysis patients. However, recent advancements in endovascular technology, the need for alternative hemodialysis access options in nonsurgical candidates, and patient preference for nonsurgical approaches have led to the development of percutaneous arteriovenous fistula creation. Currently, there are two Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved systems, namely WavelinQ and Ellipsys. The aim of this article is to review the available literature on the outcomes of percutaneous arteriovenous fistula creation. Studies have reported high technical success rates for both the WavelinQ and Ellipsys systems. However, re-interventions were necessary for maturation, maintenance of patency, and treatment of complications. Reported re-intervention rates have varied across studies, device used, and patient populations, ranging from 0.46 to 2.7 per patient-year. While percutaneous arteriovenous fistula creation shows promise in terms of technical success rates, patency, and patient satisfaction, the rate of re-interventions adds to the overall procedural burden and may impact cost-effectiveness.
The Role of 3D Printing in Endodontic Treatment Planning: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Alattas Mustafa Hussein
Published: November 2024

This review aims to provide an overall picture of the three-dimensional (3D) printing contributions to endodontic practice in treatment planning and execution. The methodology entails a comprehensive literature review of the technological processes and 3D printing applications in the field. Some key findings show that 3D printing is highly effective in producing the right dental models for training, helps in complex surgeries, and supports the transition toward personalized therapies. The review reveals that 3D printing has many benefits but that the broader adoption of this technology faces issues, including high technical requirements, high costs, and the need for safety standards. The study concludes that although in the future some challenges need to be addressed, the potential of 3D printing in endodontics is enormous and this means that the treatment methods of dentistry could be more efficient and innovative.
Single-photon terahertz detectors without cryogenic conditions
Authors: Lange Katherine De
Published: November 2024

The first room-temperature terahertz detector has the potential to be portable and chip-scale, allowing for diverse real-world applications
Development of high strength light weight concrete for RC beams by using optimum replacement level of pumice aggregate
Authors: Archana D. P. , Jeevan N. , Mohammed Salah J. , Algburi Sameer , Alsabhan Abdullah H. , Alam Shamshad , Khan Mohammad Amir
Published: November 2024

In the present study, the main aim is to reduce the self-weight of the structure by developing High Strength Light Weight Concrete (HSLWC) for structural applications by identifying the optimum percentage replacement of pumice aggregate to Conventional Coarse Aggregate (CCA). In the present scenario, lightweight concrete has gained significant interest due to its potential for reducing structural dead load, enhancing seismic performance, and improving construction sustainability. The pumice aggregate is readily available but underutilized waste material from the textile industry, which remains largely unexplored in the context of high strength concrete. The density of pumice aggregate is <1000 kg/m3 having a very low density compared to CCA. The research gap lies in the lack of comprehensive studies that evaluate the structural performance of pumice as a partial replacement for CCA in high strength concrete, particularly used for structural components. The basic tests such as impact and crushing test were conducted on various percentages of replacement of pumice to CCA, which gives a clear idea of the replacement level suitable for structural concrete. The replacement level of pumice aggregate by 25% and 50% in volume to CCA shows the acceptable value, which is appropriate for structural concrete. The concrete mix was designed for the M-50 grade of concrete (i.e., the compressive strength of concrete is 50 N/mm2). The basic test on hardened concrete suggests that the 25% and 50% replacement of pumice to CCA by volume was ideal replacement to achieve the required strength. Totally six beams were cast; in this, two control beams were kept as the reference and the remaining four beams were bifurcated into two beams, each having 25% and 50% pumice replacement, respectively, to CCA. The beams were designed for tension failure as under reinforced sections in accordance with IS: 456-2000. The four point bending test was performed for all the beams. The research identified that 50% pumice replacement exhibited the most promising results, with a dry density of 1919 kg/m3, meeting the HSLWC criteria of a density <2000 kg/m3. Although there was a minor reduction in flexural strength with pumice replacement, the beams maintained their structural integrity and met serviceability criteria. These findings demonstrate that pumice can effectively reduce the weight of concrete structures while still providing adequate strength for practical use, especially in scenarios where reducing dead load is critical. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on sustainable construction materials and offers a viable solution for creating lightweight, high-strength concrete using pumice as an industrial waste product.
Microbial metabolism disrupts cytokine activity to impact host immune response
Authors: Marshall Eleanor K. P. , Nunes Catarina , Burbaud Sophie , Vincent Crystal M. , Munroe Natalie O. , Simoes da Silva Carolina J. , Wadhawan Ashima , Pearson William H. , Sangen Jasper , Boeck Lucas , Floto R. Andres , S. Dionne Marc
Published: November 2024

Host–pathogen interactions are shaped by the metabolic status of both the host and pathogen. The host must regulate metabolism to fuel the immune response, while the pathogen must extract metabolic resources from the host to enable its own survival. In this study, we focus on the metabolic interactions of
Mycobacterium abscessus
with
Drosophila melanogaster
. We identify MAB_1132c as an asparagine transporter required for pathogenicity in
M. abscessus
. We show that this requirement is specifically associated with damage to the host: flies infected with MAB_1132c knockout bacteria, or with wild-type bacteria grown in asparagine-restricted conditions, are longer lived without showing a significant change in bacterial load. This is associated with a reduction in the host innate immune response, demonstrated by the decreased transcription of antimicrobial peptides as well as a significant reduction in the ability of the infection to disrupt systemic insulin signaling. Much of the increase in host survival during infection with asparagine-limited
M. abscessus
can be attributed to alterations in unpaired cytokine signaling. This demonstrates that asparagine transport in
M. abscessus
prior to infection is not required for replicative fitness in vivo but does significantly influence the interaction with the host immune responses.
Folding a single high-genus surface into a repertoire of metamaterial functionalities
Authors: Dang Xiangxin , Gonella Stefano , Paulino Glaucio H.
Published: November 2024

The concepts of origami and kirigami have often been presented separately. Here, we put forth a synergistic approach—the folded kirigami—in which kirigami assemblies are complemented by means of folding, typical of origami patterns. Besides the emerging patterns themselves, the synergistic approach also leads to topological mechanical metamaterials. While kirigami metamaterials have been fabricated by various methods, such as 3D printing, cutting, casting, and assemblage of building blocks, the “folded kirigami” claim their distinctive properties from the universal folding protocols. For a target kirigami pattern, we design an extended high-genus pattern with appropriate sets of creases and cuts, and proceed to fold it sequentially to yield the cellular structure of a 2D lattice endowed with finite out-of-plane thickness. The strategy combines two features that are generally mutually exclusive in canonical methods: fabrication involving a single piece of material and realization of nearly ideal intercell hinges. We test the approach against a diverse portfolio of triangular and quadrilateral kirigami configurations. We demonstrate a plethora of emerging metamaterial functionalities, including topological phase-switching reconfigurability between polarized and nonpolarized states in kagome kirigami, and availability of nonreciprocal mechanical response in square-rhombus kirigami.