bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of concurrent lower respiratory tract disease on point‐of‐care lung ultrasound in small‐breed dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease
Authors: Lam Man‐Cham , Lin Chung‐Hui , Lo Pei‐Ying , Wu Huey‐Dong
Published: April 2022

Background

Small‐breed dogs commonly have concurrent myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) and lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD).

Hypothesis

Small‐breed dogs with preclinical MMVD and concurrent LRTD have more B‐lines on point‐of‐care lung ultrasound (POC‐LUS) compared to dogs without concurrent LRTD and are prone to misdiagnose as cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE).

Animals

A total of 114 small‐breed dogs with preclinical MMVD.

Methods

A prospective study was conducted, in which POC‐LUS was obtained and the number of B‐lines was calculated by a single clinician using the Veterinary Bedside Lung Ultrasound Examination protocol. The presence/absence of LRTD was assessed by clinicians blinded to the POC‐LUS results.

Results

Fifty and 64 dogs were in ACVIM stage B1 and B2, respectively. The presence of LRTD was prevalent in 74.6% (85/114) of small‐breed dogs with preclinical MMVD. When a previously reported criterion for CPE diagnosis (≥2 sites with >3 B‐lines/site) was applied, false‐positive results were observed in 15.8% (18/114) of dogs with preclinical MMVD. The summated number of B‐lines (3 vs. 1, P = .003), as well as the false‐positive rate (20% vs 3%, P = .04), were significantly higher in dogs with LRTD compared with dogs without LRTD. Multivariable logistic regression showed the presence of abnormalities other than B‐line on POC‐LUS (eg, thickened pleura or consolidation) could predict false‐positive results (odds ratio = 3.75, 95% confidence intervals 1.12‐12.54; P = .03) after adjustment for other clinical and echocardiographic factors.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Concurrent LRTD and abnormalities other than B‐lines should be considered in the interpretation of POC‐LUS in MMVD dogs.
Relationship between serum cobalamin concentration and endoscopic ileal appearance and histology in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy
Authors: Pérez‐Merino Eva M. , Cristóbal‐Verdejo Ignacio , Duque‐Carrasco Francisco J. , Espadas‐González Lorena , Pastor‐Sirvent Nieves , Usón‐Casaús Jesús M.
Published: April 2022

Background

It has not been determined whether ileal appearance differs among dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) and different serum concentrations of cobalamin.

Objective

To compare endoscopic and histologic ileal findings in dogs with CIE and different serum cobalamin concentrations and then evaluate the correlation of ileal changes to cobalamin serum concentration using updated scoring systems to assess the ileum.

Animals

Sixty‐eight dogs with CIE.

Methods

Retrospective study. Frequency of ileal features and ileal histologic and endoscopic scores (IHS and IES) were obtained and compared among CIE dogs with severe hypocobalaminemia (SHC; <200 ng/L), hypocobalaminemia (HC; 200‐350 ng/L), or normocobalaminemia (NC; >350 ng/L). The correlation of IHS and IES with cobalamin was evaluated.

Results

Friability, villus atrophy, crypt dilatation, epithelial injury, and intraepithelial lymphocytes were more frequent in SHC than in NC dogs (all P ≤ .01). Median SHC‐IES (2; range, 0‐4) was higher than NC‐IES (1; range, 0‐5; P = .004). Median SHC‐IHS (6; range, 3‐9) was higher than HC‐IHS (4; range, 1‐7; P < .001) and NC‐IHS (3; range, 1‐8; P < .001). Cobalamin concentration correlated negatively with IES (ρ = −.34, P = .005) and IHS (ρ = −.58, P < .001).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Ileal features and involvement degree markedly differed when cobalamin was <200 or >350 ng/L in CIE dogs. With updated scales to assess the mucosa, greater ileal damage was associated with lower serum cobalamin concentration.
Gifts for votes? Vote buying as a predictor of turnout in Latin America
Authors: Školník Milan
Published: April 2022

This article focuses on the repercussions of vote buying on turnout in presidential elections in eight Latin American countries. The research is conducted with individual‐level data from the AmericasBarometer database from 2018 to 2019, which includes unique questions about the respondents' experience with vote buying and whether they participated in the last presidential election. The results of our logistic regression analysis reveal that vote buying was a predictor of turnout in the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico, whereas in Colombia, El Salvador, Paraguay, and Peru, this variable was statistically insignificant for predicting voter turnout.
Entitlement, generosity, relativism, and structure‐internal goods
Authors: Pedersen Nikolaj Jang Lee Linding
Published: April 2022

Crispin Wright is widely known for having introducedepistemicentitlement, a species of non‐evidential warrant, as a response to certain skeptical challenges. This paper investigates a fundamental issue concerning entitlement: it appears to be quite generous, as it appears to apply indiscriminately to anti‐skepticial hypotheses as well as a range of radically different—indeed, even incompatible—propositions. It argues that the generosity of entitlement is reflective of an underlying commitment to a form of epistemic relativism. In addition, the paper presents an axiology that helps entitlement theorists to address the pressing issue of how, given the absence of evidence, there can be anything epistemically good about acceptance of anti‐skeptical hypotheses and other cornerstones for inquiry. Lastly, the paper argues that the issues of generosity and epistemic relativism are rather deeply rooted: they surface at the level of value. It explains why.
Setting a universal standard: Should we benchmark quality outcomes for pediatric anesthesia care?
Authors: Olbrecht Vanessa A. , Uffman Joshua C. , Morse Rustin B. , Engelhardt Thomas , Tobias Joseph D.
Published: April 2022

Anesthesiology is a medical specialty well known for its work in patient safety, allowing the field to show a dramatic decrease in perioperative morbidity and mortality in both adults and children since the 1950s. Currently, anesthesia‐related mortality is close to zero in healthy children, with deaths occurring primarily in children ASA physical status ≥4. Survival during anesthesia today represents the expectation and standard of care, rather than a marker of quality. Several programs and organizations have created measures to assess safety in pediatric anesthesia—yet none are universally accepted as safety metrics or bundled to evaluate specific aspects of care. In addition, collection of this nonstandardized data in individual centers requires a significant investment of resources and personnel limiting access to only large, “resource‐rich” institutions. In this perspective paper, we provide an overview of the efforts made to enhance quality of care across medical specialties with a specific emphasis on pediatric anesthesiology. We discuss the need for standardization of metrics to establish targets and benchmarks for the delivery of high‐quality care to children and adolescents mainly in North America. The time has come to move beyond mortality and establish universally accepted minimum outcome standards in pediatric anesthesia. We believe this will ultimately improve confidence in the quality of pediatric anesthesia care offered to children, no matter where they are receiving that care.
Molecular mapping of all‐stage stripe rust resistance in Indian wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivar ‘VL404’
Authors: Baranwal Deepak , Qureshi Naeela , Forrest Kerrie , Bariana Harbans , Bansal Urmil
Published: April 2022

Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), the causal agent of stripe rust of wheat, is a highly evolving fungal pathogen and several widely deployed stripe rust resistance genes have been overcome worldwide often through single step increase in virulence. Development of stripe rust resistant cultivars depends on the availability of widely effective sources of resistance. An Indian wheat cultivar ‘VL404’ exhibited high level of resistance against Australian Pst pathotypes. ‘VL404’ was crossed with a susceptible genotype Avocet ‘S’ (AvS) and an F6 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was developed. The VL404/AvS RIL population was evaluated at the seedling stage against three Pst pathotypes differing in their virulence profiles. Monogenic segregation for stripe rust response variation was observed in this population and the resistance locus was tentatively named YrVL. Incorporation of stripe rust data into the VL404/AvS genetic map constructed using 40K Wheat‐Barley Illumina XT single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array placed YrVL in the long arm of chromosome 2B in the 769.1–779.3 Mb region of the Chinese Spring physical map. YrVL was aligned with the previously reported genes in chromosome 2BL (Yr43, Yr72 and YrAW12) using Pretzel, and it was placed distal to all these genes. Hence, YrVL appears to represent a new resistance locus.
Trichoderma as a biostimulator and biocontrol agent against Fusarium in the production of cereal crops: Opportunities and possibilities
Authors: Modrzewska Marta , Bryła Marcin , Kanabus Joanna , Pierzgalski Adam
Published: April 2022

Despite technological advances in global agriculture in recent years, the problem of pathogenic fungi in the production of cereal crops continues to be an issue. Currently, the high variability of weather factors that are considered unusual for specific locations affect the growth and physiology of pathogens attacking cereal crops. One of the most common plant protection methods is the use of synthetic pesticides; however, there is growing controversy over this approach due to the build‐up of pesticides in the environment and the presence of their residues in food. The purpose of this literature review is to explore the current state of knowledge regarding the potential of using Trichoderma species as a biostimulator and for the biological protection of cereal crops against pathogenic fungi. Trichoderma fungi—through mycoparasitism, antibiosis and competition for space and nutrients—help to inhibit the growth of pathogens and have a positive impact on the growth of plants, including their root system, which is considered a desirable effect during drought episodes. It has also been demonstrated that Trichoderma fungi can convert Fusarium toxins into new metabolites that can be of lower toxicity. However, the highly limited number of in vivo studies investigating the use of these fungi for biocontrol in cereal crops remains an obstacle to the commercialization of Trichoderma fungi. It appears that the determination of their effectiveness in the biocontrol of cereal crops under variable weather and climate conditions presents a considerable challenge.
Evaluating the economic well‐being in the context of Africa
Authors: Konou Comlanvi Martin , Mensah Edwin Clifford
Published: April 2022

Economists rely on the gross domestic product (GDP) to assess the economic performance of a country. This paper, however, argues that in Africa, the GDP alone cannot be used as a sufficient macroeconomic indicator in accounting for poverty rates and the overall health of the economy. Existing alternatives to GDP also fail to account adequately for relevant factors that are vital in determining the well‐being of individuals in Africa. The current study, therefore, proposes an inclusive macroeconomic performance index (IMPI) computed for 45 African countries with data from 2002 to 2015. Using the dynamic panel system generalised method of moments estimation method, we evaluate the impact of governance (i.e. the quality of institutions), social and growth‐related factors on the IMPI developed. Our results show that growth‐related variables such as trade have a positive impact while FDI had a negative and significant impact on the index. Education also has a positive and significant effect on the index. Social factors such as civil war, ethnic and religious fractionalisations on the other hand significantly impacted the index negatively. This study contributes to the literature by introducing a new economic performance index which combines both poverty and per capita GDP into a single index to assess the well‐being of individuals in Africa.
Chronic pain–induced neuronal plasticity in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis causes maladaptive anxiety
Authors: Yamauchi Naoki , Sato Keiichiro , Sato Kenta , Murakawa Shunsaku , Hamasaki Yumi , Nomura Hiroshi , Amano Taiju , Minami Masabumi
Published: April 2022

The comorbidity of chronic pain and mental dysfunctions such as depression and anxiety disorders has long been recognized, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, using a mouse model of neuropathic pain, we demonstrated neuronal plasticity in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), which plays a critical role in chronic pain–induced maladaptive anxiety. Electrophysiology demonstrated that chronic pain increased inhibitory inputs to lateral hypothalamus (LH)–projecting BNST neurons. Chemogenetic manipulation revealed that sustained suppression of LH-projecting BNST neurons played a crucial role in chronic pain–induced anxiety. Furthermore, using a molecular genetic approach, we demonstrated that chronic pain elevated the excitability of a specific subpopulation of BNST neurons, which express cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART). The elevated excitability of CART-positive neurons caused the increased inhibitory inputs to LH-projecting BNST neurons, thereby inducing anxiety-like behavior. These findings shed light on how chronic pain induces psychiatric disorders, characterized by maladaptive anxiety.
Inheritance of repressed chromatin domains during S phase requires the histone chaperone NPM1
Authors: Escobar Thelma M. , Yu Jia-Ray , Liu Sanxiong , Lucero Kimberly , Vasilyev Nikita , Nudler Evgeny , Reinberg Danny
Published: April 2022

The epigenetic process safeguards cell identity during cell division through the inheritance of appropriate gene expression profiles. We demonstrated previously that parental nucleosomes are inherited by the same chromatin domains during DNA replication only in the case of repressed chromatin. We now show that this specificity is conveyed by NPM1, a histone H3/H4 chaperone. Proteomic analyses of late S-phase chromatin revealed NPM1 in association with both H3K27me3, an integral component of facultative heterochromatin, and MCM2, an integral component of the DNA replication machinery; moreover, NPM1 interacts directly with PRC2 and with MCM2. Given that NPM1 is essential, the inheritance of repressed chromatin domains was examined anew using mESCs expressing an auxin-degradable version of endogenous NPM1. Upon NPM1 degradation, cells accumulated in the G
1
-S phase of the cell cycle and parental nucleosome inheritance from repressed chromatin domains was markedly compromised. NPM1 chaperone activity may contribute to the integrity of this process as appropriate inheritance required the NPM1 acidic patches.
A globally consistent local-scale assessment of future tropical cyclone risk
Authors: Bloemendaal Nadia , de Moel Hans , Martinez Andrew B. , Muis Sanne , Haigh Ivan D. , van der Wiel Karin , Haarsma Reindert J. , Ward Philip J. , Roberts Malcolm J. , Dullaart Job C. M. , Aerts Jeroen C. J. H.
Published: April 2022

There is considerable uncertainty surrounding future changes in tropical cyclone (TC) frequency and intensity, particularly at local scales. This uncertainty complicates risk assessments and implementation of risk mitigation strategies. We present a novel approach to overcome this problem, using the statistical model STORM to generate 10,000 years of synthetic TCs under past (1980–2017) and future climate (SSP585; 2015–2050) conditions from an ensemble of four high-resolution climate models. We then derive high-resolution (10-km) wind speed return period maps up to 1000 years to assess local-scale changes in wind speed probabilities. Our results indicate that the probability of intense TCs, on average, more than doubles in all regions except for the Bay of Bengal and the Gulf of Mexico. Our unique and innovative methodology enables globally consistent comparison of TC risk in both time and space and can be easily adapted to accommodate alternative climate scenarios and time periods.
Identification of four novel T cell autoantigens and personal autoreactive profiles in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Bronge Mattias , Högelin Klara Asplund , Thomas Olivia G. , Ruhrmann Sabrina , Carvalho-Queiroz Claudia , Nilsson Ola B. , Kaiser Andreas , Zeitelhofer Manuel , Holmgren Erik , Linnerbauer Mathias , Adzemovic Milena Z. , Hellström Cecilia , Jelcic Ivan , Liu Hao , Nilsson Peter , Hillert Jan , Brundin Lou , Fink Katharina , Kockum Ingrid , Tengvall Katarina , Martin Roland , Tegel Hanna , Gräslund Torbjörn , Al Nimer Faiez , Guerreiro-Cacais André Ortlieb , Khademi Mohsen , Gafvelin Guro , Olsson Tomas , Grönlund Hans
Published: April 2022

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), in which pathological T cells, likely autoimmune, play a key role. Despite its central importance, the autoantigen repertoire remains largely uncharacterized. Using a novel in vitro antigen delivery method combined with the Human Protein Atlas library, we screened for T cell autoreactivity against 63 CNS-expressed proteins. We identified four previously unreported autoantigens in MS: fatty acid–binding protein 7, prokineticin-2, reticulon-3, and synaptosomal-associated protein 91, which were verified to induce interferon-γ responses in MS in two cohorts. Autoreactive profiles were heterogeneous, and reactivity to several autoantigens was MS-selective. Autoreactive T cells were predominantly CD4
+
and human leukocyte antigen–DR restricted. Mouse immunization induced antigen-specific responses and CNS leukocyte infiltration. This represents one of the largest systematic efforts to date in the search for MS autoantigens, demonstrates the heterogeneity of autoreactive profiles, and highlights promising targets for future diagnostic tools and immunomodulatory therapies in MS.
Fungal-fungal cocultivation leads to widespread secondary metabolite alteration requiring the partial loss-of-function VeA1 protein
Authors: Wang Gang , Ran Huomiao , Fan Jie , Keller Nancy P. , Liu Zhiguo , Wu Fan , Yin Wen-Bing
Published: April 2022

Microbial communication has attracted notable attention as an indicator of microbial interactions that lead to marked alterations of secondary metabolites (SMs) in varied environments. However, the mechanisms responsible for SM regulation are not fully understood, especially in fungal-fungal interactions. Here, cocultivation of an endophytic fungus
Epicoccum dendrobii
with the model fungus
Aspergillus nidulans
and several other filamentous fungi triggered widespread alteration of SMs. Multiple silent biosynthetic gene clusters in
A. nidulans
were activated by transcriptome and metabolome analysis. Unprecedentedly, gene deletion and replacement proved that a partial loss-of-function VeA1 protein, but not VeA, was associated with the widespread SM changes in both
A. nidulans
and
A. fumigatus
during cocultivation. VeA1 regulation required the transcription factor SclB and the velvet complex members LaeA and VelB for producing aspernidines as representative formation of SMs in
A. nidulans
. This study provides new insights into the mechanism that trigger metabolic changes during fungal-fungal interactions.
Keratinocytes: From passive targets to active mediators of systemic autoimmunity
Authors: Psarras Antonios , Vital Edward M.
Published: April 2022

Keratinocyte-mediated interferon production in nonlesional skin drives activation of CD16
+
dendritic cells and is associated with cutaneous inflammation in lupus (Billi
et al.
).
ThioredoxinA1 Controls the Oxidative Stress Response of Francisella tularensis Live Vaccine Strain (LVS)
Authors: Ma Zhuo , Higgs Matthew , Alqahtani Maha , Bakshi Chandra Shekhar , Malik Meenakshi
Published: April 2022

The role of thioredoxins in the oxidative stress response of
F. tularensis
is not known. This study demonstrates that of the two thioredoxins, TrxA1 is vital to counter the oxidative stress in
F. tularensis
live vaccine strain (LVS).
Role of the Orphan Transporter SLC35E1 in the Nuclear Egress of Herpes Simplex Virus 1
Authors: Maeda Fumio , Kato Akihisa , Takeshima Kosuke , Shibazaki Misato , Sato Ryota , Shibata Takuma , Miyake Kensuke , Kozuka-Hata Hiroko , Oyama Masaaki , Shimizu Eigo , Imoto Seiya , Miyano Satoru , Adachi Shungo , Natsume Tohru , Takeuchi Koh , Maruzuru Yuhei , Koyanagi Naoto , Jun Arii , Yasushi Kawaguchi
Published: April 2022

The identification of cellular protein(s) that interact with viral effector proteins and function in important viral procedures is necessary for enhancing our understanding of the mechanics of various viral processes. In this study, we established a new system consisting of interactome screening for the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) nuclear egress complex (NEC), followed by loss-of-function screening to target the identified putative NEC-interacting cellular proteins to detect a defect in HSV-1 nuclear egress.
Type I-E CRISPR-Cas System as a Defense System in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Bindal Gargi , Amlinger Lina , Lundgren Magnus , Rath Devashish
Published: April 2022

Genetic inactivation of viruses and other MGEs is an important tool with application in both research and therapy. Gene editing using, e.g., Cas9-based systems, can be used to inactivate MGEs in eukaryotes by introducing specific mutations.
Contribution of Surface-Exposed Loops on the HPV16 Capsid to Antigenic Domains Recognized by Vaccine or Natural Infection Induced Neutralizing Antibodies
Authors: Godi Anna , Vaghadia Stuti , Cocuzza Clementina , Miller Elizabeth , Beddows Simon
Published: April 2022

The human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) major virus coat (capsid) protein is a target for antibodies induced by both natural infection and vaccination. Vaccine-induced immunity is highly protective against HPV16-related infection and disease while natural infection associated immunity significantly less so.
FRACTAL MONTE CARLO SIMULATIONS OF THE EFFECTIVE PERMEABILITY FOR A FRACTURE NETWORK
Authors: CHEN AIMIN , MIAO TONGJUN , LI ZUN , ZHANG HUAJIE , JIANG LIJUAN , LIU JUNFENG , YAN CHANGBIN , YU BOMING
Published: April 2022

Modeling fluid flow and transport in fracture network is of considerable importance in a wide range of science and engineering. In this work, a probability model of the effective permeability for fracture network is developed based on fractal theory and Monte Carlo method. The proposed numerical model is expressed as a function of the fractal dimension, the minimum/maximum trace length, fracture orientation as well as random number, and the validity is validated by comparison with the analytical fractal model. It is found that the effective permeability increases with the increase of the fractal dimension and fracture density of fracture network, as well as decreases with increase of the dip angle of fractures. The proposed Fractal Monte Carlo method can significantly reduce the computational load compared with conventional numerical techniques and also permits to relate the other flow and transport properties in fracture networks.
Accountable Private Set Cardinality for Distributed Measurement
Authors: Fenske Ellis , Mani Akshaya , Johnson Aaron , Sherr Micah
Published: April 2022

We introduce cryptographic protocols for securely and efficiently computing the cardinality of set union and set intersection. Our
private set-cardinality protocols (
PSC
)
are designed for the setting in which a large set of parties in a distributed system makes observations, and a small set of parties with more resources and higher reliability aggregates the observations. PSC allows for secure and useful statistics gathering in privacy-preserving distributed systems. For example, it allows operators of anonymity networks such as Tor to securely answer the questions:
How many unique users are using the network?
and
How many hidden services are being accessed?

We prove the correctness and security of PSC in the Universal Composability framework against an active adversary that compromises all but one of the aggregating parties. Although successful output cannot be guaranteed in this setting, PSC either succeeds or terminates with an abort, and we furthermore make the adversary
accountable
for causing an abort by blaming at least one malicious party. We also show that PSC prevents adaptive corruption of the data parties from revealing past observations, which prevents them from being victims of targeted compromise, and we ensure safe measurements by making outputs differentially private.

We present a proof-of-concept implementation of PSC and use it to demonstrate that PSC operates with low computational overhead and reasonable bandwidth. It can count tens of thousands of unique observations from tens to hundreds of data-collecting parties while completing within hours. PSC is thus suitable for daily measurements in a distributed system.
A Self-Representation Method with Local Similarity Preserving for Fast Multi-View Outlier Detection
Authors: Wang Yu , Chen Chuan , Lai Jinrong , Fu Lele , Zhou Yuren , Zheng Zibin
Published: April 2022

With the rapidly growing attention to multi-view data in recent years, multi-view outlier detection has become a rising field with intense research. These researches have made some success, but still exist some issues that need to be solved. First, many multi-view outlier detection methods can only handle datasets that conform to the cluster structure but are powerless for complex data distributions such as manifold structures. This overly restrictive data assumption limits the applicability of these methods. In addition, almost the majority of multi-view outlier detection algorithms cannot solve the online detection problem of multi-view outliers. To address these issues, we propose a new detection method based on the local similarity relation and data reconstruction, i.e., the Self-Representation Method with Local Similarity Preserving for fast multi-view outlier detection (SRLSP). By using the local similarity structure, the proposed method fully utilizes the characteristics of outliers and detects outliers with an applicable objective function. Besides, a well-designed optimization algorithm is proposed, which completes each iteration with linear time complexity and can calculate each instance parallelly. Also, the optimization algorithm can be easily extended to the online version, which is more suitable for practical production environments. Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method on both performance and time complexity.
Conceptualizing the Marginalized Context in Information Systems Research
Authors: Joshi K.D.
Published: April 2022

The idea of "intersectionality" seeks to capture both the structural and dynamic consequences of the interaction between two or more forms of discrimination or systems of subordination. It specifically addresses the manner in which racism, patriarchy, economic disadvantages and other discriminatory systems contribute to create layers of inequality that structures the relative positions of women and men, races, and other groups. Moreover, it addresses the way that specific acts and policies create burdens that flow along these intersecting axes contributing actively to create a dynamic of disempowerment. (United Nations, 2000)
Optimization by Box–Behnken Design and Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles for Removal of the Antibiotic from an Aqueous Phase
Authors: Salari Marjan
Published: April 2022

Some environmental problems caused by the intrusion of active drug ingredients, especially antibiotics, into water resources pose a serious threat. Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is an antibiotic from the group of fluoroquinolones that is used extensively in the treatment of bacterial infections. The presence of drug residues in the environment, especially in water resources, is an essential issue due to their stability and nondegradability. This study is aimed at investigating the efficiency of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles and the effect of independent variables, including initial concentrations of CIP (35-80 mg/L), adsorbent doses (20–60 mg), and pH values (4–10) at reaction time (80 min) for the removal efficiency of CIP antibiotics based on the Box-Behnken design (BBD) method. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results indicated that a quadratic model was convenient for modeling CIP removal. The first step, the coprecipitation method, was appropriate for the preparation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and developed as highly efficient adsorbents. Synthesized nanoparticles were later characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR). The results of XRD have shown that angles for the peaks at [Formula: see text], which corresponded to the crystal planes 220, 311, 400, 422, 511, 440, and 535, respectively, were consistent with standard peaks of magnetite and a cubic face structure. The obtained results indicated that the CIP removal efficiency was 74.44% under optimum operation parameters: initial concentration of CIP 44.15 (mg/L), adsorbent dosage of 59.6 (mg), [Formula: see text], and contact time of 80 min. In fact, a cooperative agreement between model prediction and experimental data using BBD with significant [Formula: see text] values of 0.95 was observed. Based on the results, magnetite nanoparticles have an excellent ability to remove antibiotics from an aqueous phase.
Photoreduction of CO2 to CH4 over Efficient Z-Scheme
γ
-Fe2O3/g-C3N4 Composites
Authors: Nguyen Thanh-Binh , Dinh Thi Thuy Hang , Pham Minh Doan , Bui Minh Hien , Nguyen Thi Ngoc Quynh , Nguyen Dinh Bang
Published: April 2022

A series of composite γ-Fe2O3/g-C3N4 (denoted as xFeCN with x equal 5, 10, 15, and 20 of γ-Fe2O3 percentage in weight) was prepared by calcination and precipitation-impregnation methods. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) characterizations indicated the successful synthesis of Z-scheme FeCN composites. A red shift of the light absorption region was revealed by UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS). In addition, photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) spectra showed an interface interaction of two phases Fe2O3 and g-C3N4 in the synthesized composites that improved the charge transfer capacity. The photocatalytic activity of these materials was studied in the photoreduction of CO2 with H2O as the reductant in the gaseous phase. The composites exhibited excellent photoactivity compared to undoped g-C3N4. The CH4 production rate over 10FeCN and 15FeCN composites (2.8 × 10−2 and 2.9 × 10−2 μmol h−1 g−1, respectively) was ca. 7 times higher than that over pristine g-C3N4 (0.4 × 10−2 μmol h−1 g−1). This outstanding photocatalytic property of these composites was explained by the light absorption expansion and the prevention of photogenerated electron-hole pairs recombination due to its Z-scheme structure.
The Concept of the Heat Removal System of a High-Flux Research Reactor
Authors: Uzikov Vitaly , Suleimanov Ildar , Uzikova Irina
Published: April 2022

Achieving high neutron fluxes in research pressurized water reactors is directly related to the intensity of the coolant flow through the core and the pressure in it, which provides an increased saturation temperature and a margin to critical heat flux. Therefore, it is practically impossible to provide very high neutron fluxes in pool-type reactors, especially in the case of downward movement of the coolant in the core. At the same time, vessel-type research reactors (for example, SM-3 and HFIR) make it possible to achieve neutron flux densities up to 4 × 1015 n/(cm2 s), but at the same time, the risks of core degradation in case of violations in the heat removal system become quite high. The proposed concept of a heat removal system for a high-flux reactor facility combines the increased reliability of safe heat removal from the core and the convenience of handling irradiation cells, for example, in the production of isotopes. The concept provides for the location of a compact core in a pressurized vessel and the placement of a neutron reflector around the vessel in the reactor pool. Cooling of the reactor core in the housing and the irradiation channels in the neutron reflector is carried out by different systems of forced circulation of the coolant. At the same time, at the shutdown reactor, after opening the natural circulation valves, safe heat removal from the reactor core and the neutron reflector can be carried out by the water of the reactor pool. However, even with a complete failure of all forced circulation circuits, the evaporation of water from the surface of the pool makes it possible to safely remove the residual heat from the fuel assemblies and from the irradiation devices in the cells of the reflector.
Study on Stress Corrosion Properties of 1Cr17Ni2 Stainless Steel
Authors: Cao Angang , Yin Bo , Li Wei , Wang Guilu
Published: April 2022

1Cr17Ni2 stainless steel is used in aviation, ships, machinery, and other fields. However, stress corrosion will lead to its strength reduction, thus failure. In this paper, we studied the stress corrosion resistance of 1Cr17Ni2 stainless steel bolts and nuts using fasteners’ stress corrosion test method and fasteners’ stress corrosion test method in a simulated environment with the accelerated stress corrosion test method of fasteners. The influence of seawater concentration, temperature, stress, test duration, and other parameters was fully considered during the test. The test results showed that 1Cr17Ni2 stainless steel would appear to stress corrosion crack under a specific corrosive environment, but the occurrence probability was not high. Therefore, in the complex seawater salt fog environment, the stress corrosion of 1Cr17Ni2 stainless steel cannot be ignored, which provides a practical reference for applying 1Cr17Ni2 stainless steel in a complex environment.
Digital Media Design for Dynamic Gesture Interaction with Image Processing
Authors: Xiong Xiaoli , Hou Yongguang
Published: April 2022

With the rapid development of human-computer interaction technology and research in the fields of ergonomics and user experience, people have increasingly demanded robot availability and ease of use. The rapid development of modern computer computing and digital media technology has made people’s contact and interaction with computers more and more frequent, and they have appeared more in people’s daily lives. Therefore, the convenience and freedom of computer communication have been proposed. Based on the above background, the research content of this paper is the design of dynamic gesture interactive digital media based on image processing. This paper proposes a design scheme of an interactive touch system based on image processing and a dynamic gesture recognition method and uses the time difference method to experimentally simulate the system proposed in this paper. Image processing is the technique of analyzing images with a computer to achieve the desired results. Image processing technology generally includes three parts: image compression, enhancement and restoration, and matching, description, and recognition. The experimental results show that, for the same motion trajectory, the accuracy depends on the complexity of the gesture degree. And the system’s recognition accuracy rate is always maintained above 98%, confirming that the system has the performance requirements of high recognition accuracy, fast response speed, and stable work. Finally, the system was tested for performance and function, which verified that the system meets the real-time requirements. For a particular gesture operator, the accuracy rate has a great relationship with the standard degree of its operation. If the similarity with the model is high, you can achieve a high recognition rate.
Experimental Research on the Repeated Impacts Behavior of Aluminum Corrugated-Core Sandwich Structures
Authors: Zeng Yang , Liu Jingxi , Zhao Yanjie
Published: April 2022

Engineering structures in aviation and marine experience complex loads and are often affected by repeated impact loads. The damage accumulated from deflection in the process of repeated impact will often seriously affect the safety of the structure. In this research, the low-velocity repeated impacts behavior of corrugated core structures was investigated through experimental methods. A series of low-velocity repeated impact tests were carried out to study impact resistance, taking into account the effects of varied impact sites and impact energy levels and the effects of different impact locations and different levels of impact energy. It is also observed from the test that the upper panel played a crucial role and experienced the coupling mode of the local indentations and global bending deformations during the repeated impacts tests. Three different failure modes were observed when changing the impact energies and impact locations. Moreover, the “pseudo-shakedown” phenomenon was also found when the energy of the impacts is 10 J on the short span. The present surveys provide a reliable method and insight into the dynamic response of the aluminum corrugated core structures when subjected to low-velocity repeated impacts, which could be a significant guideline for the investigation and lightweight design of shipping and aviation.
Effectiveness of Repetitive Facilitative Exercise Combined with Electrical Stimulation Therapy to Improve Very Severe Paretic Upper Limbs in with Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ohnishi Hitoshi , Miyasaka Hiroyuki , Shindo Naoki , Ito Kazuki , Tsuji Shiori , Sonoda Shigeru
Published: April 2022

Background. The difference in the effects of combined therapy with repetitive facilitative exercise (RFE) and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on stroke upper limb paralysis was only reported by a pilot study; it has not been investigated in many patients. Objective. We investigated the effect of combined therapy with RFE and NMES on stroke patients with severe upper paresis. Methods. This study included 99 of the very severe paresis stroke patients with scores of zero or 1a in the Finger-Function test of the Stroke Impairment Assessment Set (SIAS). We randomly divided the patients into four groups, namely, NMES, RFE, RFE under NMES, and conventional training (CT) groups. A total of 20 min of group-specific training in addition to 40 min of conventional exercise per day, seven times a week for 4 weeks after admission, was performed. The upper extremity items of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) were evaluated before and after the training period. Results. The total score gains of the FMA, FMA wrist item, and FMA finger item were significantly larger in the RFE under NMES group than those in the CT group (

p
<
0.05

). Conclusion. The combination of voluntary movement and electrical stimulation may promote the activation of paralyzed muscles and improve distal function for very severe paralyzed upper limbs.
Research on the Effectiveness of Probabilistic Stochastic Convolution Neural Network Algorithm in Physical Education Teaching Evaluation
Authors: Cui Wei
Published: April 2022

In practice, PE teaching evaluation based on probabilistic convolutional neural network still faces some practical problems. At present, the existing research mainly focuses on how to improve the accuracy of PE (physical education) teaching evaluation, but ignores the balance between accuracy and speed of the model, which is the key to achieve efficient PE teaching estimation. Aiming at the problem of optimization contradiction existing in the traditional probabilistic stochastic convolution neural network regression method, a position adaptive probabilistic stochastic convolution neural network regression method was proposed. Firstly, the basic principle of probabilistic and random convolution neural network regression method is given. Secondly, the contradiction and reasons between hot trial regression and coordinated regression are analyzed. It is found that the process heat will return to the optimization with irreconcilable contradiction with the coordinates due to the lack of learning parameters when the hot trial transforms the coordinates. The optimization contradiction will make the model tonot obtain the exact coordinates of the nodes. Then, based on the above analysis, the learnable parameters are introduced into the Softmax function, and the position adaptive Softmax model is proposed. Combining the model with the probabilistic stochastic convolution neural network regression method, the position adaptive probabilistic stochastic convolution neural network integral regression method is obtained. In order to reduce the training cost of this method, a simplified training strategy is proposed. Finally, the simulation software MATLAB is used for verification, and the functions of sample maintenance, probabilistic stochastic convolution neural network training, and neural network evaluation are realized. The experimental data show that the probabilistic stochastic convolutional neural network is feasible for teaching quality evaluation, meets the accuracy requirements, and indeed provides a convenient and practical tool for PE teaching quality evaluation.
Credit Index Screening Model of Family Farms and Family Ranches Based on Fuzzy Bayesian Theory of Depth Weighting
Authors: Li Zhanjiang , Zhang Qinjin
Published: April 2022

The construction of credit evaluation index system of Chinese family farm and pasture is not only a theoretical problem but also of great practical significance. In this paper, based on the depth‐weighted Bayesian theory and fuzzy mathematics, the improved depth‐weighted fuzzy Bayesian hybrid algorithm model is proposed to solve the unbalanced problem of default status of family farm and pasture and to build the index system with the ability of three categories of default identification. In this paper, the characteristics of the first one is based on fuzzy set theory, the definition of fuzzy linguistic assessment of different default set, family ranches characteristic is converted to the corresponding index of pasting with triangular fuzzy mathematical model, and then through the inner method converting triangular fuzzy number into accurate output data to deal with the blur and uncertainty about the state of the fuzzy default transformation is realized. Second, based on the insensitive characteristic of ROC curve to skewness samples, the depth weighting of characteristic indexes in nondefault, low default and high‐default states was completed by constructing multiclassification ROC curve, which solved the practical problem of sample imbalance in different default states of family farms and ranches, and selected the index system with significant discrimination ability for default states by integrating default identification ability.
Mine Ground Pressure Monitoring and Early Warning Based on Deep Learning Data Analysis
Authors: Xiao Yigai , Deng Hongwei , Xie Zhimou , Lu Hongbin
Published: April 2022

In order to ensure the safe mining of kilometer mining working surface threatened by impact ground pressure, a metal mine ground pressure monitoring and early warning based on deep learning data analysis are proposed. This paper expounds the theoretical basis of rock burst, analyzes the inducing factors of deep well rock burst, analyzes and introduces the classification of rock burst, focuses on the progressive failure process of rock burst and standard of rock fracture depth of deep ore and rock in a metal mine, carries out triaxial stress-strain test on the core in the laboratory, and evaluates the tendency of rock burst for deep ore and rock through elastic strain generation, strength brittleness coefficient method, and deformation brittleness coefficient method. The real-time monitoring and early warning system of rock burst can monitor the dynamic change of advance stress in the working face in real time and give real-time early warning to the dangerous area and degree of rock burst. The experimental results show that the working face enters the fault affected area when it advances 170 m in front of the fault. When the working face advances to 100 m in front of the fault, it enters the high stress area formed by the superposition of fault tectonic stress and mining stress. When the working face advances to 40 m in front of the fault, the stress reaches the maximum. Therefore, the system can accurately predict the impact risk area and its risk degree and realize the safe mining of high impact risk face.
Radiological and Clinical Outcomes after Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) with an Innovative 3D Printed Cellular Titanium Cage Filled with Vertebral Bone Marrow
Authors: Mayer Frizzi , Heider Franziska , Haasters Florian , Mehren Christoph
Published: April 2022

Study Design. Prospective single‐center study. Objectives. To assess the clinical and radiological outcomes after ACDF with 3D printed cellular titanium cages filled with bone marrow and to compare the clinical and radiological results with the current scientific literature. Methods. ACDF was performed monosegmentally under standardized conditions. X‐rays were analyzed to determine the range of motion, fusion rates, and subsidence preoperatively and 3 and 12 months postoperatively. Clinical outcome measurements included neck disability index (NDI), visual analogue scale (VAS) for brachialgia and cervicalgia, and patient satisfaction. Results. 18 patients were included in the study. The mean RoM decreased from 7.7° ± 2.6 preoperatively to 1.7° ± 1.1° after 3 months and 1.8° ± 1.2° 12 months after surgery. The fusion rates were at 94.4% after 3 and 12 months. The mean subsidence was 0.9 mm ± 0.5 mm 3 months postoperatively and 1.1 mm ± 0.5 mm 12 months after surgery. The mean NDI improved significantly from preoperatively to 12 months postoperatively (34.6 ± 6.2 and 3.4 ± 4.1, respectively). The VAS‐neck also showed a large improvement from 5.8 ± 2.2 before and 1.3 ± 1.4 12 months after surgery, as did the VAS‐arm (6.4 ± 1.5 and 0.9 ± 1.6, respectively). Patient satisfaction was high throughout the follow‐up period. Conclusion. ACDF with a 3D printed titanium cage resulted in fast fusion without pathological subsidence. In comparison to other cage materials such as PEEK, the 3D printed titanium cage was noninferior in regard to its fusion rate and clinical results.
Investment Strategy of Reactive Power Compensation Scheme in Wind Turbine Distribution Network Based on Optimal Allocation
Authors: Xie Yibing , Wu Yang
Published: April 2022

The development and application of new energy have been paid more and more attention by governments of various countries since the 21st century. It is of practical engineering significance to study reactive power compensation of wind turbine distribution network. In view of the problems of poor grid quality and increased active power loss caused by a large amount of reactive power transmission during the operation of wind farms, based on the improved genetic algorithm, aiming at the minimum compensation capacity and the minimum voltage deviation of load nodes, a multiobjective optimization scheme of reactive power in wind farms is proposed, and an example is analyzed in Matlab. The results verify the effectiveness of the improved genetic algorithm in reactive power optimization of wind motor.