bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges and Assets for Promoting Early Childhood Development in Indonesia: A Health Statistics Review from a Community Health Perspective
Authors: Mizutani Mayumi , Moriyama Masumi , Sugiarto Heri , Riyanto  , Maftuhah  , Bando Harumi
Published: August 2021

Background: Although early childhood development is important, there are limited health statistics reviews related to the early childhood development in Indonesia. This study organized statistical health information across 33 Indonesian provinces to assess ongoing challenges and existing assets for improving early childhood development. Information about early childhood development in Indonesia between 2007 and 2013 was obtained through data supplied by the Indonesian Ministry of Health and the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics. Methods: The information collected was organized into five domains of early childhood development: health, nutrition, responsive care giving, early learning, and security and safety. Challenges and assets in Indonesia were assessed in terms of early childhood development. Results: Our results indicated that although the child mortality rate decreased between 2007 and 2013, it remained higher than the global average, with large disparities between provinces. Background factors influencing child mortality rates included the limited availability of health services, large catchment areas for puskesmas (community health centers), parents' limited caregiving responsiveness, and limited opportunities for parents to achieve advanced education. However, our results also revealed several important assets, including the existence of community health posts, alert village programs, community volunteers, and a large number of nurses and midwives; Conclusions: To improve early childhood development in Indonesia, it is important to empower parents to utilize these community health-related assets. Nurses and kaders (community health volunteers) should promote parents' enhanced awareness of child health and development.
Perception of Primary Cervical Cancer Prevention in Adolescents in West Java
Authors: Sontiva Nessa , Rahayuwati Laili , Lukman Mamat , Ibrahim Kusman , Nurhidayah Ikeu
Published: August 2021

Cervical cancer is a disease that mostly affects women. The incidence of cervical cancer is quite high. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out cervical cancer prevention, especially primaryprevention. However, cervical cancer prevention behavior is still relatively low. One of the factors that influence is the perception of cervical cancer prevention. This study aimed to identify perceptions of primary cervical cancer prevention in female high school students. This study used descriptive quantitative methods. The sampling technique used stratified random sampling. The study was conducted on female students of SMAN Tanjungsari with a sample of 216 people. Data collection was obtained using a questionnaire with a Likert scale, consisting of perceptions of susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers. The instrument was affirmed valid with a range of 0.367 - 0.717 and the reliability value of the questionnaire was 0.811. The analysis was statistic descriptive. The results showed that most female students of SMAN Tanjungsari had negative perceptions of cervical cancer susceptibility (94.9%), positive perceptions of cervical cancer severity (94%), positive perceptions of primary cervical cancer prevention benefits (98.6%), and positive perceptions of primary cervical cancer prevention barriers (96.8%). This study concludes that most of the female students of SMA Tanjungsari have a positive perception of primary cervical cancer prevention. Based on these results, health services and educational institutions should be able to develop cervical cancer prevention programs which are accessible to all students so that it will be a supporting factor for high school female students in their efforts to prevent cervical cancer
The Intervention of Brain Gym in Increasing the Quality of Life on The Elderly
Authors: Andi Parellangi , Kusuma Dharma Kelana , Purwanto Edi , Firdaus Rivan , Loriana Rina
Published: August 2021

This research aims to find the effect of Brain Gym interventions in improving the quality of life in the elderly after controlling with the confounding variables are age, sex, and education. This research is experimental research with pre and post-test group design and randomizes design. The sample determination based on the inclusion criteria. The sample is 66 people, divided into two groups of 33 respondents respectively. The determination of the group by using the randomize table, then conducted a pre-test in both groups by using the WHOQOL-BREF's questionnaire. Group 1 was given 10 minutes gym/exercise with the frequency of three times a week and physical activity, while group 2 was a control. The brain gym and physical activity interventions were given for a month and then conducted a post-test. The research data were analyzed by using a paired sample t-test independent sample t-test, ANCOVA, Chi-Square, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov. The result showed that p = 0,000 <0,05 and the mean quality of life improvement in group gym for 10 minutes/exercise with the frequency of three times in a week were 9.48 ± 3.104 while in group 2 as the control was 2.15 ± 1.372. The brain gym for 10 minutes/exercise with the frequency of three times a week affects improving the quality of life in the elderly.
The Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation and Slow Deep Breathing Toward Vital Signs of Patients’ Hypertension in The Working Area of Bengkuring Medical Center (Puskesmas)
Authors: Ismansyah Ismansyah , Parellangi Andi , Firdaus Rivan , Wiadiastuti Wiadiastuti , Prawita Hesti
Published: August 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation and slow deep breathing toward the vital signs of hypertensive patients. Using the quasi experiment with pre and post-test without control. The sample size 22 respondent, of each group of 11 people was conducted 7 times intervention, both with progressive muscle relaxation and slow deep breathing. The data collection was conducted using an observation form. The results of hypothesis testing with the Paired T-Test and Wilcoxon found that there was an effect of progressive muscle relaxation toward the vital signs, systolic blood pressure, diastolic, and pulse values obtained p = 0.000, while respiration 0.020, body temperature 0.006. Interventions with slow deep breathing obtained p value of systolic 0.011, diastolic 0.001, pulse 0.000, respiration 0.012, and body temperature 0.043. Analysis of differences in the two groups with Independent T-Test obtained the value of systolic blood pressure = 0.001, diastolic 0.066, pulse 0.000, respiration 0.011, and body temperature 0.055. In addition, it concludesthe progressive muscle relaxation has an effect on systolic, diastolic, pulse, body temperature compared to slow deep breathing, but slow deep breathing intervention has more influence on respiration than progressive muscle relaxation.
Quality of Life School-Age Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in SLB C Bandung
Authors: Prima Muya Adelse , Indra Yani Desy , Ropi Helwiyah
Published: August 2021

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a behavioral characterized by attention deficit disorder, impulsive behavior, accompanied by excessive activity that is not in accordance with its age in childhood. ADHD can impact on decreasing the Quality of Life (QoL) of children. The study aimed to describe the QoL of ADHD children in SLB C Bandung. The research using descriptive study. The subjects were 63 families with ADHD children with an age range of 8-12 years who attended school in 5 types of SLB C in Bandung. Sampling used total sampling technique with inventory questionnaires including a child QoL questionnaire (Peds QL). Data were analyzed using descriptive analyze. The results showed that more than half of the QoL of ADHD children was classified as poor. The QoL of children with ADHD is very important because there are various aspects in their lives, both in terms of health, emotional, social, and school activities. This study explains QoL of ADHD children starting from physical, logistical, social and school functions. From this explanation, it is expected that in the part of QoL for ADHD children to be repaired, also which parts can be repaired and the care and attention needed to be improved.
Knowledge and Practice regarding Waste Management among Community People of Gokarneshwor Ward-05, Nepal
Authors: Sherpa Doma , Pathak Sumita
Published: August 2021

This descriptive study entitled “Knowledge and practice regarding waste management among community people of Gokarneshwor. The objective of this study is to assess the level of knowledge and practice regarding waste management among community people.  A total number of 87 respondents were selected by using probability simple random sampling technique of lottery method.  Sample size was 60 respondents from 60 household which were selected by using non probability purposive sampling technique from Prabhuram Colony ward-05, Gokarneshwor, Kathmandu. Data were collected by face to face interview by using semi structured interview schedule. The obtained data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Out of 60 respondents, 23.33% respondents were illiterate and half of the respondents were engaged in household work. Majority (86.70%) respondents answered waste as unwanted or unusable things. The study reveals that majority 98.30% of respondents had moderate level of knowledge on waste management whereas only 41.70% respondents had good practice level .The study concluded that majority respondent had moderate level of knowledge whereas majority of respondent had poor practice level .The study shows that there is no association between knowledge and practice. Different awareness and intervention program must be carried out in the community to improve the practice of people regarding waste management and to improve the waste management system.
Relationship Students from a Broken Home Family with Deviant Behavior in Vocational High School YBKP3 Garut
Authors: Shalahuddin Iwan , Maulana Indra , Eriyani Theresia
Published: August 2021

Referring to the result of a preliminary study in 2015, vocational high school YBPK3 Garut had many students from broken home families. One of the school counsellors in that school revealed that eleventh-grade students were in the highest number of broken home families; 58 students from the total of 209 students (27.75%). These students had more authority and self-confidence as seniors, were more courageous to the teachers, and were not yet concentrating on their study such as twelve graders. The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship between students from broken home families and deviant behaviour in vocational high school YPBP3 Garut.This research belongs to correlational descriptive study which aims at finding out the relationship between students from broken home families and deviant behaviour at school. The findings of the research showed that there was a relationship between students from broken home families and deviant behaviour at school. Broken home families mainly resulted in teenager delinquency or deviant behaviour at school. It could conclude that there was a relationship between students from broken home families and deviant behaviour at school. Broken home families can become the main factor of misbehaviour at school. Meanwhile, divorced parents is the most significant reason of the students’ deviant behavior (85.7%)
Description of Bullying Behavior in SMPN 2 Students, Tarogong Kidul Kabupaten Garut
Authors: Yamin Ahmad , Shalahudin Iwan , Rosidin Udin , Somantri Irman
Published: August 2021

Bullying behavior from time to time continues to be a thing that haunts Indonesian children. Bullying cases are rampant at the age of children and mostly occur in the school environment. Cases of bullying in Indonesia often occur in educational institutions.  This study aimed to identify the behavior of bullying both perpetrators and victims of abuse (bully) on students of SMPN 2 Tarogong Kidul District, Garut Regency. The research method was a descriptive quantitative study. The number of samples of 249 students was taken by proportional systematic random sampling of students in grades 7 and 8. The instrument for collecting data used an inventory questionnaire from CDC. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results of the study were 17.7 % of students had been bullied every day, verbal bullying was 76.7%, relational 51% and physical 61.4%. The impact of bully felt by the students: 33% felt sad, 26% hurt. The reason for bullying was 17.67%  considered it a coward. 65.1% of the students had experienced cyberbullying. These results are expected to be input for the school in the form of counseling for bully victims and sanctions for bully perpetrators, as well as efforts to prevent bullying behavior in the form of familiarizing mutual respect, anti-bullying culture.
Relationship Between The Role of Educators and People Old Against Youth Attitudes on Prevention of Premarital Sex in Balikpapan
Authors: Hazanah Sri , Hendriani Dwi , Firdaus Rivan
Published: August 2021

Adolescence is a period of transition between childhood and adulthood, experiencing changes in mental, emotional, social, physical, and sexual maturity. If there is no supervision, direction, guidance from the closest person such as parents, family, educators, there might be unexpected sexual deviations such as; pregnancy and premarital sex. The aim of the study was to find out the relationship between the role of educators and parents on the attitudes of adolescents in preventing premarital sex in Balikpapan in 2017. The survey research method was a cross-sectional design. Study sample 119 students of Balikpapan Health Vocational School aged 14-18 years, taking techniques using Random Sampling. Data research techniques using questionnaires with a Likert scale. Data analysis used univariate analysis with frequency distribution, bivariate analysis with chi-square (x2) statistical test and multivariate logistic regression test with significance p <0.05. The results of the study: the role of educators supports 68 (57.1%), the role of parents supports 72 (60.5%), and positive teen attitudes 62 (52.1%) there is a relationship between the role of educators in adolescent attitudes with a value (OR = 2.504, 95% CI (1.19 - 5.27) p-value = 0.024), there is no relationship between the role of parents on adolescent attitudes with values (OR = 2.185, 95% CI (1.03-4.62) and p-value = 0.061 Strength regression test the relationship between the role of parents OR = (0.74) and the role of educators OR = (0.57). the role of people old there is no relationship but the more dominant influence on changes in adolescent attitudes compared to the role of educators, it needs to be a concern of all parties because adolescents are a time to seek self-identity so that the environment is easily influenced. Suggestion: parents, educators and other parties (religion, government) pay more attention to adolescents to avoid premarital sex deviations.
The correlation between bullying and students learning achievement in SMP Negeri 6 Kota Gorontalo
Authors: Djunaid Rhein , Puluhulawa Eka Pratiwi , Yusuf Muh.Nur Syukriani
Published: August 2021

Objective: Bullying occurred in a school environment is a desire to hurt showed through action that causes other students to suffer and usually done directly by a stronger student or a group of students with pleasure, and repeatedly thus it affects the victim 's life, social behavior, and learning achievement. The study aims at investigating the correlation between bullying and students' learning achievement in SMP Negeri 6 Kota Gorontalo .Methods: It is an analytical study with cross-sectional study approach. The population is all students of the class of VIII that have signed the informed consent and attend during questionnaire filling. Samples are 183 students selected through simple random sampling. Results : Findings reveal that 68 respondents experience bullying and 115 respondent s do not experience bullying. 22 respondents have low learning achievement, and 161 respondents have good learning achievement. There is a correlation between bullying and students ' learning achievement in SMP Negeri 6 Kota Gorontalo with  a probability value of 0.000 {p<0.05). Conclusion: it is expected that the school can improve the understanding related to bullying phenomena and concern to the bullying activity that occurs in a school environment.
Correlation between knowledge of WLHA about PMTCT with motivation planning pregnancy in peer support group at Bandung City
Authors: Rahayu Kusila Devia , Herawati Yanti , Padilah Gina N
Published: August 2021

The increasing number of pregnancies of women living with HIV/ AIDS (WLHA) and the number of children living with HIV/AIDS as a result of being infected from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding made researchers feel the need to conduct this study. This study aims to determine the relationship between the knowledge of WLHA about Preventions Mother to Child Transmition (PMTCT)  with the motivation to plan pregnancy in peer support groups in Bandung. This quantitative study was designed using a cross sectional approach to 80 respondents. Data collection was carried out using a knowledge questionnaire about PMTCT and a child bearing questionnaire which was translated. Both instruments passed the validity and reliability tests before use. Data collection was carried out using purposive sampling method. The research data were analyzed using Chi-Square test. The results showed that 82.5% of respondents have good PMTCT knowledge and 61.3% of respondents have low motivation to plan pregnancy. The results of the bivariate analysis showed  p-value 0.03 (P<0.05). This indicated that the knowledge of WLHA about PMTCT was significantly related to the motivation to plan pregnancy in the Peer Support Group in Bandung City. Health workers need to improve their ability to collaborate with peer support groups as a means of providing education so that WLHA knowledge about PMTCT can be increased so that the number of WLHA pregnancies and the number of children with HIV/AIDS does not increase.
Family Nursing as an Improvement Strategy of Family Health Index in Indonesia: A Literature Review
Authors: Nuriyanto Andy , Rahayuwati Laili
Published: August 2021

The occurrence of health issues in the family affected by the ability of the family itself to carry out the role and task of family health care. Family nursing has been developed in various countries as a solution to solve individual, family, and community health issues in a region. The family health status in Indonesia is measured by the Family Health Index (FHI) value, comprising the category of unhealthy families (FHI < 0.50), pre-healthy families (FHI value of 0.50 to 0.80), and healthy families (FHI > 0.8). This study aims to generate a literature review on strategies that can be used to improve the Family Health Index. The search database includes CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar with several keywords: 'family nursing', 'family health', and 'family health status'. 102 articles published between the year of 2000 until 2019 have been obtained. The results of the literature review indicate that family nursing is an innovative and efficient strategy to achieve a preferable health status as well as a better quality of human life. Family nursing has a positive correlation with the increased ability of families to carry out their task in maintaining, preventing and overcoming family health issues independently. Research on the families' ability to carry out health care tasks to improve the health status by measuring FHI has never been done previously. Future research is required to discuss the relationship of families' ability in carrying out the five health care tasks to improve FHI independently in Indonesia.
Multi-intervention Approach for Preventing and Management of Dementia among Elderly
Authors: Al Adawiyah MZ Ihda , Juniarti Neti , Mambang Sari Citra Windani
Published: August 2021

Dementia is a symptom caused by memory diseases, cognitive and behavioral disorders.Various quantitative studies about the dementia interventions have been reported. However, most of the studies used single intervention which did not give a comprehensive approach for the client. The purpose of the article was to determine types of interventions that are effective to overcome dementia problems among elderly people. This review used a scoping review method. Electronic literature searching was conducted using databases: Google Scholar, Proquest, EBSCOhost, PubMed, Scopus and DOAJ, using keywords Dementia, Elderly, and Intervention. The inclusion criteria were:peer-reviewed articles, published between2007-2017, research design included quasi-experimental, experimental and Randomised Controlled Trial. Exclusion criteria were non-English papers and the sample size was fewer than 30 participants. Scoping review method were used. Results: A total of 38,100 papers were retrieved: however, 79 enter into the inclusion criteria, and further 60 papers were excluded. Thus, only 19 articles were included in the analysis. Five out of 19 articles used multi-interventions. The types of interventions were occupational therapy, physical activity, reminiscence program, diet, and cognitive therapy. Multi-intervention approach has shown more positive results compared to single intervention.However,most studies did not involve family or caregiver in the interventions. Multi-intervention studies have more potential to produce effective outcomes for treating or preventing dementia and improve quality of life than those with one intervention.Further research is requested to examine the effect of multi-intervention combined with family involvement to prevent or treat dementia among elderly in the community.
Prevention and Management of Surgical Site Infection after Cardiac Surgery: A Case Study
Authors: Novelia Shinta , Maneewat Khomapak
Published: August 2021

Surgical site infection (SSI) is a major cause of prolonged hospital stay and resource consumption. It also leads to increased pain, anxiety, cause the prolonged recovery for patients, further risk of complications and in some cases are death especially among patients post cardiac surgery. The traditional model for infectious disease involved agents, host and environment. Availability of health services as environmental factors trigger nurses to provide infection prevention and management. Nurses take a major role and responsibility in prevention of SSI, but remain lack of adequate of it. Thus, this case study aimed to identify prevention and management of SSI among patients after cardiac surgery.
The effect of Lavender Aromatherapy on labor pain among delivery women
Authors: Nursahidah Aqliya , Novelia Shinta , Suciawati Anni
Published: August 2021

This study aims to find out the effect of aromatherapy lavender on labor pain,  Labor pain is a manifestation of cervical nerve compression. When there is pain, stress hormones cause the opening of the cervix is ​​inadequate, so that labor can increase in time. The way to deal with labor pain, which is one of them with non-pharmacological methods, aromatherapy lavender is known to contain linalool, the main active ingredient that plays a role in the relaxing effect to reduce pain and anxiety. This research using the quasi-experiment, with a post-test only control group design, with the first group or 15 respondent given lavender aromatherapy while the second group or 15 respondent was not given, the sample in this study were 30 respondents in the first phase of active labor. Labor pain assessment using a Numeric Rating scale. Statistical tests using the Mann Whitney test showed that the P value was 0.002<0.05, so it can be concluded that there was an effect of lavender aromatherapy on labor pain during the first of the active phase at the Afifah Clinic in Bandung Regency.
Relationship Between Family Socio-Economic Status and the Incidence of Stunting Among Children Aged 24-59 Months in the Work Area Of Kadipaten Community Health Center Majalengka District in 2019
Authors: Nuraeni Rina , Suharno Suharno
Published: August 2021

The incidence of stunting among children, especially under-five children is still high. At the Kadipaten CHC in 2019 there were 4.6% under-five children with stunting. This study aims to determine the relationship between socio-economic status and the incidence of stunting among children aged 24-59 months in the Work Area of Kadipaten Community Health Center, Majalengka District in 2019. This was a quantitative study with cross sectional design. The samples in this study were 328 children and parents of children aged 24-59 months in the work area of Kadipaten CHC, Majalengka District taken with simple random sampling technique. Thsi study was conducted in February - July 2020. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis with frequency distribution and bivariate analysis with chi square test. The results showed that among children aged 24-59 months in the Work Area of Kadipaten Community Health Center, Majalengka District in 2019, 11.3% experienced stunting, 36.6% had families with socio-economic status below the Regional Minimum Wage/UMR, and there was a significant relationship between socio-economic status of the family and the incidence of stunting in the Work Area of Kadipaten Community Health Center, Majalengka District in 2019 (r value = 0.02). CHC should collaborates with cadres in conducting health education about stunting and collaborates with related agencies to provide skills training for families whose income is below the UMR, so that they are able to create new businesses and increase family income. This is expected to affect the pattern of meeting family nutritional requirements.
Health Locus of Control and Self Care Behavior in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Asri Siti Aisyah Dwi , Widayati Nur , Aini Latifa
Published: August 2021

Health Locus of Control (HLC) is an individual belief in controlling current health conditions, which is possibly determined by internal or external factors. Belief in the source of health control will influence the effectiveness of diabetes self-care management. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between Internal Health Locus of Control (IHLC), Powerful others Health Locus of Control (PHLC), and Chance Health Locus of Control (CHLC) with self-care behavior in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. This research applied an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 84 respondents were enrolled in this study by using the consecutive sampling technique. Data collection was conducted by administering questionnaires of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLCS) and Summary of Diabetes Self Care Activities (SDSCA). Data were analyzed by using the Pearson correlation test with a significance level of 0.05. The result showed that PHLC had the highest score of the mean value (26.95) compared to IHLC (25.55) and CHLC (19.25). The mean value of self-care behavior was 3.5. There was significant positive correlation between IHLC and self-care behavior (p-value: 0.001; r: 0.485), significant negative correlation between PHLC and self-care behavior (p-value: 0.048; r: -0.217), and significant negative correlation between CHLC and self-care behavior (p-value: 0.001; r: -0.350). The higher the IHLC score in type 2 DM patients, the better the patient's self-care behavior. However, the higher the PHLC or CHLC score in type 2 DM patients, the lower the patient's self-care behavior. Patients with high IHLC depend on themselves and have awareness of the importance of health. This study suggests the importance of assessing the patient's HLC and providing psychoeducation about HLC, control behaviors, and self-awareness to optimize diabetes self-care in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Factors Influencing Behavior of Six-Steps Handwash With Soap Among Children With Special Needs
Authors: Mariyana Rina , Febrina Cory
Published: August 2021

Background – Children with special needs are at risk for chronic diseases. Information regarding children with special needs are limited thereby making them vulnerable to the diseases. Disease occurs because children do not wash their hands. Efforts are made to prevent children from disease, including explaining to the children about how to wash their hands properly. Purpose: This study aimed to examine knowledge, attitude, behavior, and infrastructure supporting handwash behavior among children with special needs in Bukittinggi in 2020. Design/methodology/approach – The type of research was descriptive study. Populations of this study were children with special needs, 34 children were chosen as samples. Data were analyzed by univispaate analysis. Findings : Results show that knowledge of handwash among children is low among 25 children (73.5%), attitude is less good among 27 children (79.4%), action is less good among 29 children (85.3%), and infrastructure is less supporting among 22 children (64.7%).  Research limitation–This research was conducted during the Covid pandemic period so that data was collected through questionnaire and google form. Originality/value - This research was conducted by using interviews with children use quesionaire.
Gender Dysphoria in Adolescence
Authors: Safitri Kiki Hardiansyah , Mukaramah Siti
Published: August 2021

Background: The end phase of the development stage of adolescents should have matured themselves in understanding gender roles in accordance with their sexual roles. Gender dysphoria occurs when adolescents experience sexual identity disorders which experience confusion over gender roles that are contrary to their sexual roles, so that they tend to like the same sex. Research Objectives: To identify gender dysphoria in senior high school students in Samarinda City. Methods: A descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach to 322 students in the city of Samarinda which was taken using a non-probability sampling technique: cluster random sampling. The instrument used was the Gender Dysphoria Test from psycom, through online filling. Results: Students who experienced severe-gender dysphoria were 7.8% and mild-GD around 92.2%. More women (9.3%) experienced strong gender dysphoria than men (4.2%). There are 1.2% students who want to change their gender and 7.8% of students who do not like secondary sex characteristics at this time. Conclusion: Severe-Gender dysphoria high school students has a small prevalence, GD can occur because biological or psychosocial factors can be seen from the desire and comfort of being a different gender than it should be.
The Effect Of Stimulated Group Interaction On Pre-School Children's Social Development
Authors: Widyaningsih Tri Sakti , Tamrin Tamrin
Published: August 2021

Background: Children's social abilities do not develop automatically. Children who are not able to socialize are very likely to be rejected by other colleagues, so that the learning process will be hampered and fail in the world of education. RA Islamic Tunas Bangsa 4 Semarang City, accepts 5 year old children who have just entered the school environment. In schools there are no special programs to improve social development.

Purpose: Therefore the aim of this study is to determine the effect of stimulating group interaction on the social development of preschool children in RA Islamic Tunas Bangsa 4 Semarang City.

Research Methods: The research method used was a quasi experiment, with One Group Pretest and Posttest Design. Sampling using total sampling, namely 36 respondents. The intervention given was stimulation of group interactions for 2 weeks. Observation data collection 1 week after treatment and analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The results showed that the value of Z hitung -2.333 and p value of 0.020 with a significant level of 5%

Findings: H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted, meaning that there was an effect of stimulating group interaction on the social development of preschool children in RA Islamic Tunas Bangsa 4 Semarang City.

Conclusion: Through stimulation of group interaction with the game of snakes and ladders, children are able to cooperate, adapt, interact positively, develop empathy for friends and respect for others
Factors Affecting Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women
Authors: Karemoi Tria Mailan , Mardiah Wiwi , Adistie Fanny
Published: August 2021

Malnutrition in pregnant women has an impact on both mother and child.  In children causing LBW, premature, developmental disorders, stunting. Mother, it causes chronic energy deficiency and anemia. Therefore important to conduct literature studies regarding factors that affect the nutritional status of pregnant women. This literature study is purposeful to identify the influencing factors nutritional status of pregnant women and knowing whether there are other factors besides those that have been widely studied. This study used a narrative review method. Searched using EBSCOhost, PubMed, and Google Scholar database. Keywords “pregnant women” AND “nutritional status” AND “factor”. The inclusion criteria were articles that discuss the nutritional status of pregnant women, five last years, free full text, samples of pregnant women, in English, or Indonesian. The exclusion criteria were not including volume, number, and published articles. There were 16 quantitative research articles analyzed in this study. This study found factors that affect the nutritional status of pregnant women, which could be changed and which could not be changed. There were age, parity, education, knowledge,social-economic, infectious diseases, ANC, dietary habits, occupation  and origin of residence. There are other factors besides those that have been widely studied, such as caffeine intake, illiteracy, and self-efficacy. Suggestions for research, it is necessary to have further research related to nutritional status by assessing weight gain and BMI, for health workers it is better to provide health education regarding factors that may be changed in pregnant women, namely nutrition knowledge, visit ANC, and diet.
Factors Associated with Fruit and Vegetables Consumption Behavior Among Adolescents Based on The Health Promotion Model
Authors: Arbianingsih  , Anwar Mulyana , Huriati  , Hidayah Nur
Published: August 2021

Background:The low consumption of fruits and vegetables is one of the risk factors for death in the world. Indonesia is a country that is rich in fruits and vegetables but has a low consumption level. The lowest age group in consuming fruit and vegetables is adolescents.Purpose:The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence fruit and vegetable consumption behavior in adolescents based on the Health Promotion Model Nola J. Pender.Methodology: This study used a descriptive-analyticcross-sectional study design involving 249 adolescents. The data was collected using a questionnaire to measure the factors that influence fruit and vegetable consumption behavior and food frequency questionnaire. The questionnaires were distributed online via social media for two weeks. Data were analyzed using linear regression.Result:Factors that influence fruit and vegetable consumption behavior in adolescents are resistance to action (p = 0.05), self-efficacy (p <0.001), parental interpersonal influence (p <0.001), and peer influence (p = 0.05). Ethnic factors, knowledge of benefits, and the environment do not have a significant effect on fruit and vegetable consumption behavior among adolescents. There are still 93.4% other factors that also influence fruit and vegetable consumption behavior in adolescents.To promote healthy consumption behavior of fruit and vegetable in adolescents we should increase the self-efficacy of adolescents, involved parents and peer groups as a role model for healthy behavior.
Perceived Stress among Health Care Workers of an Emerging Infectious Covid-19 Outbreak in Indonesia
Authors: Novelia Shinta , Mayasari Usman Andi , Adi Pamungkas Rian
Published: August 2021

Background: During the pandemic of Covid-19 in the world, frontline health care workers have been responsible for tracing contacts of patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It has an impact on mental health of health care workers. This study aimed to investigate the perceived stress among health care workers who work in health care facilities during the COVID-19 outbreak in Indonesia.

Material and methods: A cross sectional study designed was applied in this study. The participants were midwives, nurses, pharmacists, pharmacist assistants, physicians, medical record staff, dental nurse, nutritionists and sanitarian. Demographic questionnaire was delivered to assess age, gender, marital status, job, work place and work place province. Personal protective equipment was added to the questionnaire. A perceived stress scale was used to assess perceived stress.

Results: Study questionnaires were completed by 196 respondents. The results showed that almost participants had a moderate stress (73%). Most of the subjects were in the age group of 20-30 years old (43.9%). Majority of the participants were female (89.8%). Most of the participants were married (71.4%). In 58.2% of participants’ job was midwife and in 25.5% of the participants’ job was nurse. 50% of the participants worked in Health Centre and 20.9% of the participants worked in referral Covid-19 Hospital. In 26 % of participants work place Province was West Java, 17.9 % of participants work place Province was Banten and 16.3 % of participants work place Province was South Sulawesi. There was a significant difference of participants’ perceived stress in the group of workplace (p = -.023).

Conclusion:  The COVID-19 outbreak in Indonesia resulted in increased stress for health care workers in Indonesia. Indonesia governments should improve interventions for preventing the spread of epidemics, promote disease treatment methods, and also offer psychological support especially for health care workers.

Keyword: health care worker, covid-19, perceived stress, nurses, outbreak.
Impact of High Temperature Stress on Morpho Physiological Traits and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes
Authors:   Department of Crop Physiology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore – 641 003, P Maheswari , C N Chandrasekhar ,   Department of Crop Physiology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore – 641 003, P Jeyakumar ,   Department of Crop Physiology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore – 641 003, R Saraswathi ,   Department of Rice, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore – 641 003, L Arul ,   Center for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore – 641 003
Published: August 2021

High temperature stress is a major environmental factor that affects crop growth, development and yield, it especially limits rice yield. Hence, an experiment was conducted to study the impact of high temperature on morpho-physiological parameters and yield of rice genotypes. Ten rice genotypes were used in this study viz., N22, ADT 36, ADT 37, ADT 43, ADT 45, CO 51, ASD 16, MDU 6, TPS 5 and Anna (R) 4. The study was carried out at OTC (Open Top Chamber) with the treatments of ambient, ambient +2O C and ambient +4O C. Stress was imposed from anthesis to early grain filling period. Observations on plant height, the number of tillers, leaf area, SPAD (Chlorophyll index) and chlorophyll stability index (CSI) were done after the stress imposement and grain yield was calculated after harvest. Results revealed that, the significant changes were observed in morpho-physiological traits and grain yield of rice genotypes among the treatments and with the genotypes. N22 (10% and 19%) and Anna (R) 4 (12% and 22%) recorded less reduction of grain yield in ambient +2O C and ambient +4O C compared with ambient, due to less reduction of total chlorophyll content, SPAD values, leaf area and increased plant height. These parameters resulted in higher biomass which indirectly contributed to higher grain yield in N22 and Anna (R) 4 under high temperature
NARUTO NAS AULAS DE ARTE NAS ESCOLAS DE SÃO PAULO; UM OLHAR PARA AS NOVAS CRIAÇÕES ARTÍSTICAS INFANTOJUVENIS
Authors: Pereira Isac dos Santos
Published: August 2021

Introdução: A presente pesquisa decorreu de investigações a partir de reflexões sobre a importância do registro do Arte/Educador em sala de aula como um dever de resgate de memórias ao analisar e aval
Terrorism Threat in Doctrine Formulating of Military Campaign Scenario to Achieve National Security
Authors: Asmoro Novky , Widodo Pujo , Putro Resmanto Widodo , Hidayat Cecep , Putri Rizki
Published: August 2021

Based on the estimation methodology on the potential of the war against terrorism on the transformation of doctrine, the conclusions based on the predictive analysis are: (1) The potential for the war against terrorism has a very strong relevance to the prediction of changes in military campaign doctrine in the long term by producing new war strategies both in terms of ends-means-ways as a result of High Impact Low Probability, (2) Through predictive analysis with extrapolation model, it is found that threats, strategic environment and tradition or history are variables that are expected to remain unchanged, especially in the short term in influencing the preparation of Military Campaign Doctrine, (3) The Projection Model determines if Threat is the variable that changes the most so that it will affect changes in the Military Campaign Doctrine in the short to medium term, (4) Looking for the best solution in realizing the best Military Campaign Doctrine. This can be followed by designing a simulation of the New War Strategy as a result of forecasting the Military Campaign Doctrine.
Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of stem extract of Coleus forskohlii L. collected from Al-Baha Area, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abdulaziz Yahya Al-Ghamdi
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical screening, total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Coleus forskohlii L. stem extract in Al-Baha area, Saudi Arabia. Stem samples were collected from Al-Baha area and air-dried followed by extraction with ethanol, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The extracts were then subjected to phytochemical screening, determination of total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Results showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, and reducing sugars. Total phenolic content was significantly (P<0.001) higher in n-butanol extract (274.33±3.29 mg GAE/gm), followed by ethyl acetate extract (182.94±1.82 mg GAE/gm), ethanol extract (79.63±2.02 mg GAE/gm) and petroleum ether extract (73.38±3.07 mg GAE/gm), while the lowest content was in chloroform extract (60.06±2.12 mg GAE/gm). The antioxidant activity was significantly (P<0.001) higher in n-butanol extract (67.68±1.55%), followed by ethyl acetate extract (43.38±1.27%), ethanol extract (36.02±1.29%), petroleum ether extract (20.71±0.59%) and chloroform extract (19.73±0.74%). The antimicrobial activity showed that all microorganisms tested were resistant at the concentration of 25 and 50 mg/ml of plant extracts, whereas the concentrations of 100, 150 and 200 mg/ml showed varying activities against gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus) and Candida albicans. The study concluded that the stem extracts of C. forskohlli have promising pharmacological and biological activities that could be beneficial in pharmaceutical as well as food and medicinal industries.
Synergistic activities of methanol leave extracts of Acalypha wilkesiana, Senna alata, Psidium guajava against selected resistant bacteria isolates
Authors: Joy Ogugua Igwe  , Ugochukwu Moses Okezie  , Moses Nkechukwu Ikegbunam  , Charles Okechukwu Esimone
Published: August 2021

Resistant strains of bacteria has over the years rendered conventional antibiotics ineffective. Consequently, this has resulted to severe infection, prolonged treatment, high cost of treatment and often times death. This study aimed to identify reliable alternative sources of bioactive agents with activity against resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. Methanol extracts of Acalypha wilkesiana (MEAW), Senna alata (MESA) and Psidium guajava (MEPG) were tested alone and in combination against three clinical isolates. Ciprofloxacin was used as the positive control drug. A combination of Microscopic, macroscopic and molecular protocols was used to identify the test isolates. The antibiotic profiles of the isolates E. coli (E1), S. aureus (S4) and S. typhi (St2) indicated MultiDrug-Resisitant status (MDR). All the extracts demonstrated antibacterial activity against the resistant isolates with zones of inhibition that ranged between 3.1 – 25 mm and minimum inhibitory concentration of 12.5 – 200 mg/ml. Amongst the extracts tested, MESA was found to be the most active extract while MEPG was the least active extract. The combination of the different methanol extracts demonstrated synergistic effects against the test organisms with a fractional inhibitory concentration that ranged between 0.06 – 0.8 mg/ml. The observed antibacterial activity may be linked to the presence of some bioactive components such as phenolic compounds and flavonoids present in the extracts. The results of this study suggest A. wilkesiana, S. alata and P. guajava may represent reliable sources of important bioactive compounds for new drug development.
A conflict with prescription shoppers
Authors: Basem Abbas Al Ubaidi
Published: August 2021

The physician should be familiar with early diagnosis and dealing with patients who seek nonmedical drug prescriptions. It is a dilemma, and it may create a problem in health care practice in unequipped physicians. The common illegal drugs requested by 'prescription shoppers' are opioids and benzodiazepines.
Effect of organic mulch and LEDs light colors on green bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Fatma S Moursy
Published: August 2021

Studying the positive role of applying organic mulch and different colors of LEDs light, on the growth and yield of green bean plants, were carried out during 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 seasons, at a privet farm within Suez Governorate. Seedlings of Bronco cultivar were transplanted at the 15th of October of both seasons. Two types of organic mulch i.e., chopped maize straw and chopped rice straw, addition to bare soil (control) were tested as a soil mulch treatment (factor 1). In addition, LEDs light colors i.e., red, blue and "red + blue" and without LED light were also tested (factor 2). Finally, interaction between both studied factors was also studied. Studied factors were arranged in split plot design with three replicates. Organic soil mulches were arranged in the main plots. However, LEDs light colors were arranged within the sub main plots. Vegetative growth parameters i.e., plant height, number of leaves/plant, stem diameter, number of branches/plant, fresh and dry weight of plants were measured. Moreover, percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in leaves, as well as, chlorophyll reading (SPAD) were also measured. In addition, pod characteristics i.e., number of pods/plant, average pod weight and fiber content in pods, were studied as well. Finally, both early and total yield of green bean were studied. Changes in soil temperature under organic mulch treatments, as well as, bare soil were daily measured during the growing seasons. Results indicated that, in general, applying tested types of organic mulch modified soil temperature. Moreover, both tested factors were enhanced measured characters of vegetative growth, leaves content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, as well as yield and its components. Furthermore, both treatments of chopped maize straw and "red + blue" LEDs light, as well as the interaction between both treatments were the most suitable for increasing productivity and quality of green bean plants.