bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cellular and Humoral SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Responses in 192 Adult Recipients of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Meyer Thomas , Ihorst Gabriele , Bartsch Ingrid , Zeiser Robert , Wäsch Ralph , Bertz Hartmut , Finke Jürgen , Huzly Daniela , Wehr Claudia
Published: October 2022

To determine factors influencing the vaccination response against SARS-CoV-2 is of importance in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) as they display an increased mortality after SARS-CoV-2 infection, an increased risk of extended viral persistence and reduced vaccination response. Real-life data on anti-SARS-CoV-2-S1-IgG titers (n = 192) and IFN-γ release (n = 110) of allo-HCT recipients were obtained using commercially available, validated assays after vaccination with either mRNA (Comirnaty™, Pfizer-BioNTech™, NY, US and Mainz, Germany or Spikevax™, Moderna™, Cambridge, Massachusetts, US) or vector-based vaccines (Vaxzevria™,AstraZeneca™, Cambridge, UK or Janssen COVID-19 vaccine™Johnson/Johnson, New Brunswick, New Jersey, US), or after a heterologous protocol (vector/mRNA). Humoral response (78% response rate) was influenced by age, time after transplantation, the usage of antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and ongoing immunosuppression, specifically corticosteroids. High counts of B cells during the vaccination period correlated with a humoral response. Only half (55%) of participants showed a cellular vaccination response. It depended on age, time after transplantation, ongoing immunosuppression with ciclosporin A, chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) and vaccination type, with vector-based protocols favoring a response. Cellular response failure correlated with a higher CD8+ count and activated/HLA-DR+ T cells one year after transplantation. Our data provide the basis to assess both humoral and cellular responses after SARS-CoV2 vaccination in daily practice, thereby opening up the possibility to identify patients at risk.
Examination of the Empirical Formula for Determining the Fundamental Natural Period of Buildings in Turkish Earthquake Code 2018 for Unreinforced Masonry Buildings
Authors: ÖZŞAHİN Burak
Published: October 2022

Depreme dayanıklı yapı tasarımında binaların doğal titreşim periyodlarının belirlenmesi önemli bir husustur. Binaların doğal titreşim periyodlarının uzun hesaplara gerek olmadan bina türü ve bina yüksekliğine bağlı olarak hızlı bir şekilde elde edilmesi için önerilmiş ampirik formüller çeşitli kaynaklarda ve yönetmeliklerde verilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği 2018 (TBDY 2018)’de belirli koşullar altında bina periyod hesabı için önerilen ampirik formül donatısız yığma binalar için irdelenmiştir. Bu amaçla çalışmada Türkiye’deki yığma bina stoğunu temsil edebilecek örnek donatısız yığma bina modellerinin doğal titreşim periyodları, farklı duvar kalınlıkları, kat adedi, kat yüksekliği ve hareketli yük değerleri için analitik olarak ve TBDY 2018’de önerilen ampirik formül ile elde edilmiştir. TBDY 2018’de önerilen ampirik formülle elde edilen periyodlar ile analitik olarak örnek donatısız yığma bina modelleri için elde edilen periyodlar ve farklı deprem yönetmeliklerinde önerilen ampirik formüllerle elde edilen periyodlar karşılaştırılmıştır. Örnek donatısız yığma bina modelleri için TBDY 2018 ampirik periyod formülü kullanılarak hesaplanan deprem yükleri, analitik periyod değerleri kullanılarak hesaplanan deprem yükleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Donatısız yığma binalar için TBDY 2018’de verilen ampirik formülle elde edilen periyod değerlerinin, farklı deprem yönetmeliklerinde verilen ampirik formül periyod değerleri ile analitik olarak elde edilen periyod değerlerinden daha büyük olduğu görülmüştür.
Determination of the Effect of Applied Load and Sliding Speed on the Tribological Properties of Synthetic Mica Reinforced Poly-Tetra-Fluoro-Ethylene Polymer Composite
Authors: MASLAVİ Ahmet , ÜNAL Hüseyin , KAŞTAN Alim
Published: October 2022

Saf PTFE endüstride düşük basınç keçeleri olarak kullanıldığında aşırı aşınma göstermektedir. Bu aşınma problemini azaltmak için sentetik mika (SM) takviyeli poli-tetra-flor-etilen (PTFE) polimer kompoziti alternatif malzeme olarak seçilmiş ve tribolojik performansları araştırılmıştır. Tribolojik deneyler çelik disk üzerinde kompozit pim olacak şekilde dizayn edilmiş aşınma test cihazında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneylerde 10, 20, 40 ve 100 N olmak üzere dört farklı yük ve iki hız (0.5 ve 1.5 m/s) kullanılmıştır. Deneyler sonucunda sentetik mika takviyeli PTFE kompozitin (PTFE-SM) sürtünme katsayısı, pim ve çelik disk sıcaklığı ile spesifik aşınma hızı belirlenmiştir. Uygulanan yükün ve hızın artması ile pim ve çelik disk yüzey sıcaklıkları artarken spesifik aşınma hızı da artmış fakat sürtünme katsayısı azalmıştır. Kompozitin en düşük ve en yüksek sürtünme katsayısı değerleri sırasıyla 0.17 ve 0.25 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Benzer şekilde spesifik aşınma hızı aralığı olarak en düşük 0.217x10-15 m2/N ve en yüksek 25x10-15 m2/N olarak belirlenmiştir. Kompozitin aşınma yüzey incelemeleri optik mikroskop ve taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Mikroyapı incelemeleri sonucunda çelik disk yüzeyinde ince film tabakası oluştuğu belirlenirken 100 N yük ve 1.5 m/s kayma hızında kompozit pim yüzeyinde çatlaklar olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Çiğ Süt ve Dondurmadan İzole Edilen Staphylococcus aureus Suşlarının Metisilin Direnci ve Panton Valentine Toksini Üzerine Araştırma: Multiplex PCR ile Moleküler Çalışma
Authors: GÜNEŞ Erdoğan , UYSAL Ahmet , DURAK Yusuf
Published: October 2022

Staphylococcus aureus is a very important pathogenic bacterium that causes nosocomial and community-acquired infections in humans, and is also one of the leading pathogens that causes food-borne poisoning. The presence of S. aureus in raw milk and dairy products, and especially the presence of MRSA (Methicillin Resistance S. aureus) strains, poses a potential risk to public health. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of methicillin resistance and Panton-Valentine Leucocidin (PVL) toxin in Staphylococcus aureus isolated and identified from raw milk and ice cream in Konya (Turkey) by multiplex PCR method. A total of 55 S. aureus were isolated 49 (18%) from 260 raw milk samples collected from various farms and 6 (4%) from 150 ice cream samples sold in patisseries. The obtained isolates were identified as S. aureus with conventional and genotypic methods. Multiplex PCR was performed to detect the 16S rRNA, mecA, femA and lukS genes. While no mecA gene was detected in any of the 49 S. aureus isolates obtained from raw milk samples, the presence of mecA gene was observed in one of the 6 S. aureus isolates isolated from ice cream samples. The PVL gene was not detected in any of the S. aureus isolates studied. S. aureus contamination is common in raw milk samples and ice cream samples. In order to avoid this, it is necessary to comply with the hygiene conditions and increase the precautions even more.
PROACTIVE BUDGETING TECHNOLOGIES AS A TOOL REGULATION IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY
Authors: Alekseeva N.A.
Published: October 2022

Modern Russian society is in a state where processes of active involvement of citizens and organizations in the budget process, in complicity in solving the most important socio-economic problems of the territories, in increasing the level of interaction of the population with the authorities, and the level of mutual trust are needed. The mechanism of such a private-public partnership in this area in the form of initiative budgeting has been determined. The elements of this mechanism are disclosed, the presence of which indicates that the technologies of initiative budgeting have developed. The importance of developing such technologies in the youth environment, in rural areas was emphasized. The legal framework for the development of the private-public partnership mechanism was analyzed. The dynamics of initiative budgeting indicators from 2015 to 2020 in Russia was considered. The main sources of financing for initiative budgeting projects have been identified. Practice classification was carried out, the results of initiative budgeting were assessed. The dynamics of the implementation of projects for young people on the example of events for 2022 is especially considered in detail. The results of the number of developed projects in the context of municipalities of the Udmurt Republic, as well as within the framework of two practices: "Our Initiative" and "Atmosphere," were summed up. In order to counter the increase in the number of unrealized applications, the forecast for an increase in project financing from budgets for 2023 is justified. Disclosed promising directions for the development of initiative budgeting in the region.
Study of the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) gene haplotype 46/1 association with driver mutations of chronic Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Olkhovskiy I. А. , Stolyar M. A. , Komarovskiy Yu. Yu. , Gorbenko A. S. , Korchagin V. I. , Dunaeva E. A. , Mironov K. O. , Bakhtina V. I. , Olkhovik T. I. , Vasiliev E. V. , Mikhalev M. A.
Published: October 2022

Introduction. Haplotype JAK2 46/1 is associated with more frequent development of Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) and with an increased detection rate of the JAK2 V617F mutation. At the same time, the molecular mechanisms of such associations remain unclear. Previously, there were no studies of regional, age and gender aspects of the predictive value of carriage of the 46/1 JAK2 haplotype, which could assess this relationship in some observations.

Aim — to analyze the degree of association between 46/1 haplotype and the V617F mutation of the JAK2 gene depending on the sex, age, and place of residence of patients examined for suspected MPN.

Methods. The study included 949 DNA samples from patients with suspected MPN. Samples of 150 volunteers and blood donors were included in the control group. Haplotype 46/1 (rs10974944), V617F mutation in the JAK2 gene, mutations in the CALR gene (type 1: c.1092_1143del; L367fs*46, COSV57116546; type 2: c.1154_1155insTTGTC; K385fs*47, COSV57116551) and in the MPL gene (W515K, W515L) were determined for all samples using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR-RT).

Results. The 46/1 JAK2 haplotype were shown to be associated with a clinically signiﬁcant level (> 2 %) of the allelic burden of the JAK2 V617F mutation. The odds ratio of the risk of developing a V617F positive MPN when carrying this haplotype variant did not depend on the main place of residence of the patients and was found to be most pronounced in men under 50 years of age. The odds ratio of the risk did not depend on the age of the examined women.

Conclusion. The association of 46/1 haplotype with the presence of other drivers of MPN mutations in the CALR or MPL genes was also statistically signiﬁcant, which conﬁrms the hypothesis of “favorable soil” rather than “hypermutability” of the JAK2 gene.
Characteristics and trends in the work of the Blood Service of the Russian Federation in 2016–2020
Authors: Gaponova T. V. , Kapranov N. M. , Tikhomirov D. S. , Bulgakov A. V. , Odinochenko Yu. A. , Shaydurova K. V. , Demidov V. P. , Tupoleva T. A. , Parovichnikova E. N.
Published: October 2022

Introduction. Ensuring a sustainable supply of safe donor blood is crucial for strategic issues and challenges. The evaluation of donor characteristics as well as the volume of components harvested and issued to medical organizations in the Russian Federation is a topical task for the national blood service.

Aim — to analyze the performance indicators of the national blood service for the procurement and provision of donated blood and its components to medical organizations from 2016–2020.

Methods. Data on over 6.5 million donors who donated blood in Russia during 2016–2020 were analyzed. Data were obtained from Blood Service report form No. 39 “Blood products and derivatives”. Descriptive statistics were used during analysis.

Results. A decrease of the number of blood donors per thousand population was shown (from 9.68 to 8.26, р < 0.0001). There was a decrease of the number of ﬁrst-time donors and of the number of repeat donors (by 23 and 9.3 %, respectively) within studied period. Regular donor quantum increased from 71 to 76 %. The share of volunteer blood donors from 2016 to 2020 throughout the Russian Federation remained stable and amounted to 97.7–98.0 %. The total number of donations decreased by 6.0 % due to a signiﬁcant decrease in the number of donations of automatic apheresis plasma (from 507,396 in 2016 to 388,742 in 2020, p < 0.001), at the same time, a signiﬁcant increase in the number of donations platelets was noted (from 83,285 donations in 2016 to 126,574 in 2020, p < 0.001). During the follow-up period, there was an increase from 2.0 in 2016 to 2.21 in 2020 (10 %) in the average number of donations of blood components made by donors per year. Despite the decrease in the total number of donations in the analyzed period, the volume of blood components transferred for clinical use increased. The largest increase in blood components transferred at the request of medical organizations was noted for the concentrate of donor platelets (from 702,732 units in 2016 to 1,072,830 in 2020, by 34.5 %) and erythrocyte- containing blood components (from 491,791 liters in 2016 to 555,909 liters in 2020, by 13.5 %). A general trend was noted both towards a decrease in the frequency of detection of markers of bloodborne infections (from 16.8 to 7.7 %), and in individual infections. When analyzing the frequency of detection of infection markers, a signiﬁcant difference was obtained in the group of newly registered and repeated donors (50,114 and 25,814, р < 0,001).

Conclusion. The decrease of the number of cases of detection of infection markers and the redistribution of blood collection in accordance with the changing demands of medical organizations demonstrates a targeted strategy for improving the safety of transfusions, improving the quality of recruiting activities, and improving the principles of lean production of blood components.
Eliciting Looked After Children’s Views and Relationships Through Card-based Participatory Research Methods
Authors: Mycock Katherine , Gowers Sophia J
Published: October 2022

This brief report discusses the usefulness of “ranking and ratings” cards in the context of participatory research with looked-after children. Within this research, we draw upon notions of participation as outlined in the UNCRC. We undertook participatory research to elicit the voices of looked after children, aged 6 to 11 years, who were involved in a school-based creative mentoring intervention. The researchers created a “ranking and ratings” card based upon the popular game “Top Trumps” to create familiarity and facilitate an examination of mentor-mentee relationships through focused conversations. We found that children’s interactions with the cards stimulated conversations which were open and detailed. This was of particular value for conducting participatory research with marginalized children who may not otherwise necessarily engage in research with an unfamiliar adult.
Ultraviolet and visible double Fano resonances of three-dimensional metamaterials by plasmonic coupling with aluminium surface
Authors: Yu Lili , Wang Yajun , Guo Tian , Du Wei
Published: October 2022

We theoretically investigate double Fano resonances (FRs) from the ultraviolet to visible range by combining the array of aluminium 3D split-ring resonators (Al 3D-SRRs) and an Al mirror. The interaction between the first-order (1st) magnetic plasmon (MP) mode of the 3D-SRRs and the 1st surface plasmon polariton (SPP) mode propagating on an Al substrate, and the interaction between the second-order (2nd) MP mode and the 2nd SPP mode generate the double narrow FRs. The 2nd ultraviolet FR of the proposed metamaterial has a high refractive index sensitivity of 240 nm RIU−1 and a figure of merit of 22, suggesting promising applications in ultraviolet sensing.
Learn to Live Longer: Counterfactual Inference using Balanced Representations for Parametric Deep Survival Analysis
Authors: Gupta Muskan , Kannan Gokul , Prasad Ranjitha , Gupta Garima
Published: October 2022

We derive the fundamental frameworks and propose a deep
neural network framework for analysing time-to-event under different treatment regimes.
Can We Share the Same Perspective? Blockchain Interoperability with Views
Authors: Belchior Rafael , Torres Limaris , Pfannschmid Jonas , Vasconcelos André , Correia Miguel
Published: October 2022

Distributed ledger technology (DLT) provides decentralized and tamper-resistant data storage, replicated among mutually untrusting participants. With the advancement of this technology, different privacy-preserving blockchains have been proposed, such as Corda, Hyperledger Fabric, and Digital Asset's Canton. These distributed ledgers only provide \emph{partial consistency}, which implies that participants can view the same ledger differently. 

A \emph{view} represents the states of a blockchain available to a particular stakeholder. The combination of views forms an integrated view that represents a consistent global state shared by all participants. 

This paper introduces BUNGEE  (Blockchain UNifier view GEnErator), the first DLT view generator, to allow capturing DLT snapshots, constructing views, and performing arbitrary operations on those, such as integrating views. Creating and integrating views allows interesting applications, such as stakeholder-centric snapshots for audits, cross-chain analysis, blockchain migration, and data analytics.
FeelPen: A Haptic Stylus Displaying Multimodal Texture Feels on Touchscreens
Authors: Kodak Bence Levent , Vardar Yasemin
Published: October 2022

The ever-emerging mobile market induced a blooming interest in stylus-based interactions. Most state-of-the-art styluses either provide no haptic feedback or only deliver one type of sensation, such as vibration or skin stretch. Improving these devices with display abilities of a palette of tactile feels can pave the way for rendering realistic surface sensations, resulting in more natural virtual experiences. However, integrating necessary actuators and sensors while keeping the compact form factor of a stylus for comfortable user interactions challenges their design. Consequently, it limits the scientific knowledge of relevant parameters for rendering compelling artificial textures for stylus-based interactions. Here, we developed FeelPen, a haptic stylus that can display multimodal texture properties (compliance, roughness, friction, and temperature) on touchscreens. We created a set of artificial textures and conducted a user study in which human participants rated these textures based on various perceptual adjectives describing their haptic properties. Afterward, we extracted the dominant perceptual dimensions of these textures using the semantic differential method. Our results revealed four major tactile dimensions, with the first two related to surface textural properties, and the third and fourth dimensions linked to material softness and coldness, respectively. Our unique design and experimental results have the potential to open new perspectives for stylus-based interactions on future touchscreens.
Persistent Wide-Area Maritime Surveillance using Smallsats with MIMO Radar Beamforming
Authors: Weissman Isaac
Published: October 2022

This communication presents a concept for a novel means of augmenting noncooperative active radar maritime surveillance of ship targets over very wide areas of the earth’s surface. The concept employs configurations of small satellites (smallsats) deployed in geostationary orbit (GEO) in combination with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) beamforming in order to provide persistent (uninterrupted) surveillance of large, medium-sized, and, to various extents, small-sized vessels. An example is presented which would provide L-band surveillance of seas adjoining southern Europe, including the Mediterranean, Adriatic, Aegean, and Black Seas. An investigation of ship detection in the presence of sea clutter is included. This is followed by a more-general discussion of target classification, including methods of rejecting targets not lying on the sea surface. Data processing burdens are estimated and found to be substantial. Comparisons are made with alternative approaches. Lastly, in view of the large scale of such a prospective deployment, a risk reduction plan is offered, along with suggesting less-ambitious designs.
Critical Security & Privacy Issue in Blockchain Technology Intended to Industry 4.0
Authors: Pradhan Devasis , Agarwal Arun , Tun Hla Myo , Naing, Zaw Min , Oo Thandar
Published: October 2022

Abstract: Block-chain is getting famous and one of the most widely recognized subjects can be thought of it has additionally changed the ways of life of many individuals in specific fields, in view of the effect on organizations and joins. Blockchain guarantees more dependable and fitting assets and it is exceptionally vital to remember that security and protection have a few deterrents as any innovation in this fields. The range of blockchain applications is extremely reached out into various regions in banking, wellbeing, car, the Internet of Things (IoT) and so forth. Numerous concentrates on focus on utilizing the block-chain information model in various executions. Motivated from these facts, in this paper, we present a systematic review of various blockchain- based solutions and their applicability in various Industry 4.0-based applications. In this paper, we attempt to portray block-chain innovation by talking about its model of information security and protection point of view with various agreement calculations, as well as issues and open doors in blockchains.
Water Quality Status Based on Pollution Index to Meet The Needs of Sanitary Hygienic Water For Communities Around Lake Sentani In Jayapura Regency
Authors: Suhartawan Bambang , Alfonso Alfred B. , Daawia Daawia
Published: October 2022

Water is one of the most important elements on earth. Water is needed by all living things, both humans, plants and animals. Consuming clean and sanitary water is absolutely necessary to avoid unwanted negative impacts. This research was conducted in February 2022 and aims to determine the status of the water quality of Lake Sentani, Jayapura Regency based on the pollution index according to the hygienic and sanitary water quality standards according to the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number: 32 of 2017 concerning Environmental health quality standards and water health requirements for sanitation hygiene needs,  swimming pools, solus per agua and public baths. The study used 15 (fifteen) water pollution parameters, namely: physical parameters (turbidity, color, TDS and temperature), and chemical parameters (pH, iron, fluoride, hardness, manganese, nitrate, cyanide, detergent and total pesticides) as well as biological parameters. (total coliforms). The sample in this study was taken from 5 (five) sample points (research stations) namely the mouths of the Haway, Yabawi, Hobay and Kamwalker rivers which are the inlet of Lake Sentani and the headwaters of the Jaifuri river which is the outlet. The results showed that at stations 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, the pollution index (PIj) was 4.07; 3.10; 2.30; 3.75 and 3.88, all of which are based on the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number: 32 of 2017 especially environmental health quality standards and water health requirements for sanitation hygiene purposes, are in the range of values of 1 PIj 5 with lightly polluted status. Thus it can be concluded that the water quality status of Lake Sentani based on the pollution index method is in the lightly polluted category.
Are there fitness-related physiological changes following a series of Rebirthing sessions?
Authors: Inbar Omri , Inbar Or , Zohar Hanan , Ofir Dror
Published: October 2022

Objective: The current study is only the second known empirical study of Rebirthing, a holistic self-improvement therapy. The study looked at fitness-related physiological outcomes following a series of rebirthing sessions.
Methods and materials: Ten healthy young women (mean age, weight, and height: 372.7 years, 54.16.4 kg, and 161.24.9 cm, respectively) underwent two identical resting pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and two two-stage all-out graded cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPETs) before (pre) and after (post) a series of 10 weekly Rebirthing treatments. The rebirthing sessions were held at the Israeli Rebirthing Center in Tel Aviv. All rebirthing treatments were performed by a single qualified Rebirthing therapist and lasted approximately 40-50 minutes each.
Results: There were no significant changes (p˃0.05) in resting lung functions (PFTpost) or peak values at maximal effort (CPETpost) after the rebirthing program (except for a decrease in HRpeak). Nonetheless, the results show a significant reduction (p˂0.05) in several cardiopulmonary attributes measured during the submaximal phase of the second CPET (HRsub, VO2sub, RERsub, VEsub, BRsub; Bfsub and an increase in Vd/Vtsub).
Conclusions: As the first study to investigate the effect of a series of rebirthing treatments on responses of selected fitness-related physiological measures at rest and during exercise, it is not surprising that no unambiguous answers to the research questions were found. Further studies are needed to provide reliable support and explanations for the study findings.
Pemilihan Maskapai Penerbangan pada Biro Perjalanan Haji dan Umroh menggunakan metode AHP-CODAS (Studi Kasus : PT Tursina)
Authors: Krisnawati Maria , Firdaus Muhammad Aditya , Asyari Hasyim , Sutrisno Endro
Published: October 2022

Tingginya peminat haji dan umroh menimbulkan banyak bermunculan usaha biro perjalanan haji dan umroh di Indonesia, yang tentunya tidak terlepas dari persaingan antar pelaku usaha dengan memberikan pelayanan dan harga yang sesuai. PT Tur Silaturahmi Nabi (Tursina) merupakan salah satu perusahaan yang menyediakan paket perjalanan haji dan umroh yang telah melayani ribuan jamaah sejak tahun 1997. Pemilihan maskapai menjadi salah satu upaya yang dilakukan biro perjalanan haji dan umroh agar dapat memberikan pelayanan dan harga yang terbaik bagi konsumennya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memilih maskapai terbaik dari empat maskapai full service carrier yang bekerja sama dengan PT Tursina menggunakan metode AHP-CODAS. Penggunaan metode AHP bertujuan untuk mencari nilai bobot kriteria pemilihan maskapai, sedangkan metode CODAS digunakan untuk melakukan penilaian terhadap keempat maskapai full service carrier yang bekerja sama dengan PT Tursina, yaitu maskapai EK,EY,SV dan GA.Wawancara dan studi pustaka penelitian terdahulu dilakukan dalam melakukan pengumpulan data. Hasil dari perhitungan metode AHP-CODAS menghasilkan kriteria reputasi keamanan menjadi kriteria pemilihan paling penting di PT Tursina dengan bobot sebesar 0,37 dan maskapai EK menjadi maskapai terbaik dengan perolehan nilai Hi sebesar 0,25.
Quadrilaterals as Geometric Loci
Authors: Halbeısen Lorenz , Hungerbühler Norbert , Läuchli Juan
Published: October 2022

We give necessary and sufficient conditions, both algebraic and geometric, for a quadrilateral to be the level set of the sum of the distances to m ≥ 2 different lines.
Hysteretic Performance of Hybrid GFRP-Steel Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls: An Experimental Investigation
Authors: Amer Osama
Published: October 2022

The vulnerability of steel reinforcement to corrosion is a severe problem affecting the overall performance and durability of concrete structures in aggressive environments. The interest in using alternative Glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars lies in their corrosion resistance and higher tensile strength-to-weight ratio. Nevertheless, experimental results on the seismic behaviour of GFRP-reinforced walls are scarce. This paper investigates the hysteretic performance of hybrid steel-GFRP reinforced concrete shear walls to provide valuable experimental evidence for such walls under seismic loading. Six RC shear walls with steel and GFRP reinforcement were tested under pseudo-static reversed-cyclic lateral load. Three shear walls were reinforced by GFRP bars as longitudinal and transversal reinforcement, and two walls were reinforced with hybrid GFRP-steel bars with different ratios of web reinforcement. A reference specimen, ordinary steel-RC shear walls, was also introduced to certify the capability of GFRP as reinforcement bars. The results indicated that the GFRP-reinforced concrete slender walls had a stable hysteretic response and slight residual drift up to failure. Lower residual deformations, higher displacement capacity, and increased lateral strength could be observed with the GFRP web reinforcement ratio increase. Moreover, the fundamental period of GFRP and hybrid GFRP-steel reinforced walls can reach more than twice its original value prior to failure.
Urgensi Model Komunikasi Dua Arah pada Proses Pendidikan
Authors: Muslim Ibnu Fiqhan , Salsabila Fahmi , Priyono Priyono
Published: October 2022

Dalam menghadapi peserta didik yang mempunyai karakter yang berbeda beda, tentunya seorang pendidik harus dapat beradaptasi dengan masing-masing peserta didiknya. Proses komunikasi yang bersifat dua arah, yaitu antara pendidik dan peserta didik dapat terjalin dengan baik. Dalam proses pendidikan, komunikasi juga merupakan instrumen penting yang harus diwujudkan secara efektif sehingga tujuan pendidikan dalam memberikan pemahaman kepada peserta didik. Materi yang disampaikan oleh pendidik akan tersampaikan dan diterima dengan baik oleh peserta didik. Oleh sebab itu, komunikasi dua arah menjadi penting demi tercapainya pembelajaran yang bermakna. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ilmiah melalui kajian pustaka atau studi kepustakaan dengan menggunakan teori yang terkait dengan bahasan yang ada dalam penelitian. Komunikasi dua arah terjadi apabila adanya respons/umpan balik dari lawan bicara ketika berkomunikasi. Komunikasi dua arah merupakan komunikasi yang bersifat lengkap. Karena informasi yang terjadi pada jenis komunikasi ini mengalir antara pengirim dan penerima informasi. Komunikasi antara pendidik dan peserta didik harus terwujud dengan baik. Ada banyak model komunikasi efektif yang dapat dipakai pendidik dalam menyampaikan informasi atau pesan kepada pesera didiknya dan salah satunya adalah model komunikasi dua arah
Antibody Responses Following Covid-19 Vaccine in Pregnant Women- A Prospective Study
Authors: Hamayun Zunaira , Javaid Usman , Ahmed Rizwan , Shehzad Khurram , Imam Gul Pari
Published: October 2022

Objective: To assess the antibody responses and adverse effects of sinopharm vaccine in pregnant women.Study Design: A prospective cohort study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Gynaecology Department of Ibn-e-Siena HospitalMultan, Independent Hospital Faisalabad and Mayo Hospital Lahore from January 2021 to January 2022.Materials and Methods: A total of 90 women were included in the study who were administered Sinopharm.Three out of ninety (3.3%) women received shots in 1st trimester, 56/90 (62%) in 2nd trimester and 31/90 (34%) in third trimester. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure SARS-CoV-2 receptorbinding domain (RBD) specific total antibodies and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) blockingantibodies. The adverse effects on the mother and fetus were evaluated after the delivery.Results: The administration of the sinopharm vaccine showed no adverse effects or pregnancy complicationssuch as congenital anomalies, miscarriage, preterm delivery, thrombotic events, fetal death or hypertensivedisorders. SARS-CoV-2 specific total antibodies were found in 57/90 (63%) women at the time recruitment(when receiving 1st dose); thus they were considered to be previously infected. After the second dose, allwomen were seroconverted. Significantly high levels of RBD binding antibodies and ACE2 blocking antibodieswere observed in previously infected women after administration of the second dose compared to uninfectedindividuals.Conclusion: The Sinopharm vaccine showed positive results in pregnant women and induced highseroconversion rates and ACE2 blocking antibodies in second and third trimesters.

How to cite this: Hamayun Z, Javaid U, Ahmed R, Shehzad K, Gul PI. Antibody Responses Following Covid-19 Vaccine in Pregnant Women- A Prospective Study. Life and Science. 2022; 3(4): 196-199. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.273
Antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Aiello Tommaso Francesco , García-Vidal Carolina , Soriano Alex
Published: October 2022

The use of antiviral drugs represents an important progress in the therapeutic management of COVID-19, leading to a substantial reduction of SARS-CoV-2-related complications and mortality. In immunocompetent host, peak viral replication occurs around the symptom’s onset, and it prolongs for 5 to 7 days that is the window of opportunity for giving an antiviral. Accordingly, early and rapid diagnostic of the infection in the outpatient clinic is essential as well as the availability of oral agents that can be easily prescribe. Remdesivir has demonstrated its efficacy in hospitalized patients requiring oxygen support and in mild/moderate cases to avoid the hospitalization, however, the intravenous administration limits its use among outpatients. Molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir are potent oral antiviral agents. In the present review we discuss the potential targets against SARS-CoV-2, and an overview of the main characteristics and clinical results with the available antiviral agents for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2.
Box-Behnken Optimization and Theoretical Study for Copper Leaching from Scrap Laptop Computer Printed Circuit Board by Malonic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Funbi E. Olasupo  , Deborah O. Odubola  , Temitope J. Akintayo  , Abiodun D. Aderibigbe
Published: October 2022

The hydrometallurgical method of copper leaching from scrap electronics is commonly undertaken using pulverized printed circuit boards. Though studies on the use of organic acids like citric and oxalic acids for copper removal are well documented, those on the use of malonic acid are rare. Herein, we report on the investigation of the efficiencies of mixtures of malonic acid and hydrogen peroxide for copper leaching from unpulverized scrap PCB by the Box-Behnken design and the theoretical determination of the most stable copper-malonic acid complex. The average copper content in each unpulverized printed circuit board was found to be (0.84 ± 0.13) mg/g following aqua-regia digestion and atomic absorption spectrophotometry measurement. The conditions at which the highest leaching efficiency of 51.3% was obtained were a malonic acid concentration of 0.5 M, a hydrogen peroxide concentration of 1.0 M, and a contact time of 75 min. The contact time was the most significant individual parameter that influenced the efficiency of copper leached with a p-value of 0.001. Theoretical calculations show that malonic acid prefers to coordinate with copper in a 2:1 malonic acid: copper ratio. This study shows that appreciable amounts of copper can be leached from the minimally processed unpulverized printed circuit board.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SCIENTIFIC THEORY OF AUDIT IS A REQUIREMENT OF TIME
Authors: Mykhailo Pushkar
Published: October 2022

Purpose. The aim of the article is to form a modern theoretical model (system) of auditing to improve the practical work of auditors.

Methodology of research. The content of the article is based on the use of such a scientific apparatus as the historical method (when studying the process of the history of the emergence of audit needs), the monographic method and the method of historical development (based on the analysis of the formation of the modern theoretical audit model, the dialectic of changes in the audit environment and its formation on the basis of a set of philosophical , sociological, systemic, psychological and other approaches and methods of cognition), system and analytic – when processing the received information.

Findings. The evolution of audit development is analysed depending on the accounting needs and production processes of the enterprise. It has been proven that an audit is a set of various empirical rules and procedures for the verification and assessment of the level of compliance of indicators of the desired and actual state of the object, for which individual persons are responsible. It was revealed that in connection with the changes in the accounting system, the conceptual basis of the audit should be clarified in terms of the theoretical base, organizational structure, and methodology of the study of the economic activity of the enterprise.

Originality. The author substantiated the audit model, which can influence practical activity and determine its usefulness for business, which involves revealing the essence of audit, structure and axiology (values) for the economy of the country and enterprises.

Practical value. The author’s proposals can be used as a methodical guideline for the implementation of the idea of practical use of audit in the organization of the internal control structure, which would guarantee the effective work of the company’s personnel at all stages of the technological process of production and its management.
Key words: business, system, accounting, audit, model, auditor, paradigm.
WORLD EXPERIENCE OF CARBON TAXATION AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION INTO DOMESTIC PRACTICE
Authors: Pomulieva Valentyna
Published: October 2022

Purpose. The aim of the article is to study the global experience of taxation of carbon emissions and the expediency and possibility of its implementation into domestic practice.

Methodology of research. The combination of both general scientific and specific research methods (in particular, methods of description and comparison, monographic, generalization, etc.) made it possible to substantiate the reasons for the insufficient effectiveness of the mechanism of taxation of carbon emissions and to modify it according to a stimulating approach.

Findings. It is substantiated that the mechanism of taxation of carbon emissions currently operating in Ukraine is insufficiently effective and does not ensure the performance of the main function – the reduction of carbon emissions, which inhibits the fulfilment by Ukraine of its obligations regarding the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions determined in accordance with the Second Nationally Determined Contribution to the Paris Climate Agreement. Emphasis is placed on the urgent need to reform carbon taxation in order to create an effective mechanism that, without drastic interventions in the activities of economic agents, will ensure the effective influence of the state on their behaviour and the achievement of ambitious climate goals regarding the reduction of CO2 emissions, provided for by the Second Nationally Determined Contribution to the Paris Climate Agreement and the Low-Carbon Development Strategy of Ukraine until 2050.

Originality. The mechanism of taxation of carbon emissions was modified, which, unlike the existing one, is based on an incentive approach that will stimulate economic agents to change consumer and production behaviour.

Practical value. Implementation of the modified carbon emissions taxation mechanism in practice will contribute to the reduction of carbon emissions and Ukraine’s fulfilment of its obligations provided for by the Second Nationally Determined Contribution to the Paris Climate Agreement.

Key words: mechanism of carbon taxation, tax on carbon emissions, tax rate, the system of monitoring and verification of carbon emissions, tax administration.
ACCOUNTING IN THE CONTEXT OF THE MODERN DEVELOPMENT OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
Authors: Shmyhel Olha
Published: October 2022

Purpose. The aim of the article is to substantiate the need for the development of digitalization of modern accounting and financial reporting.

Methodology of research. The study was conducted using a dialectical approach to the study of the current state of development of the digital economy. General scientific and special methods were used, in particular: analytical - when reviewing normative sources; monographic - when studying literary sources on issues of digital economy and accounting; system and analytical method - when processing the received information.

Findings. It was determined that in the conditions of digitization of business processes, introduction and development of new business concepts, approaches to reporting methodology are changing, the need to create a new accounting concept is increasing. It is substantiated that digitalization contributes to the change in the functioning of management services and their responsibilities in all divisions of the business entity, and in the accounting department, in particular.

It was revealed that the result of the development of digital technologies will be the transformation of the organizational structure and management services of the accounting department, including due to the reduction of the staff and the review of the functionality, the introduction of new technologies for processing primary documents and information, the modernization of accounting processes and accounting policy in general; strengthening requirements for professional skills of users.

Origination. Directions for the development of digitalization of the organizational structure of the company’s accounting service are proposed in the article. The introduction of a single electronic data exchange format for financial reporting as a strategic tool for accounting harmonization is substantiated.

Practical value. The obtained results of the research will contribute to increasing the efficiency of the formation and development of accounting in the conditions of the digital economy and will become the basis for further scientific developments in this field.
Key words: digitalization, information technologies, accounting, financial reporting, digital accounting, digital technologies, business process.
SMART SPECIALIZATION AS A DRIVER OF THE INNOVATIVE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM
Authors: Brych Vasyl , Putsenteilo Petro , Kostetskyi Yaroslav , Hunko Serhii
Published: October 2022

Purpose. The aim of the article is substantiation of the use of the importance of the main postulates of the smart specialization mechanism to realize the innovative potential of the regional economy.

Methodology of research. The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical method of scientific knowledge. General scientific and special methods were used in the research process, in particular analysis and synthesis, dialectical – to determine the initial conditions and content of smart specialization; analytical – when processing literary and Internet sources; causal – to determine the institutional support of smart specialization; abstract and logical – for delineating the main directions of functioning of smart specialization, forming conclusions and proposals.

Findings. The issue of the essence, structure and features of the operation of smart specialization in the EU and Ukraine was investigated; the institutional units ensuring its formation are specified. The peculiarities of the content of smart specialization are considered, and the peculiarities of its components are determined in order to achieve economic, innovative, organizational, technological and social goals. The relevance of the study of issues related to the introduction of smart specialization for the development of the regions of Ukraine based on the recommendations of international organizations and the formation of appropriate normative and legal and innovative support is substantiated.

The composition and main problems of innovative provision of smart specialization are formulated, and practical recommendations are given for its adaptation by subjects in the form of recommendations, which will make it possible to increase the efficiency of regional development management.

Originality. The substantiation of the newest directions of smart specialization in the Ternopil region on the basis of innovations has been further developed.

Practical value. Substantiated research results can be used to create and develop promising industries of the 21st century.
Keywords: smart, smart specialization, strategy, innovation, entrepreneurship, energy, regional economy, project.
METHODOLOGICAL AND METHODICAL PRINCIPLES EFFICIENCY RESEARCH OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL BUSINESS ENTERPRISES IN CONDITIONS OF COMPETITION
Authors: Parkhomets Mykola , Uniiat Liudmyla
Published: October 2022

Purpose. The aim of the article is to disclosure methodological and methodical bases of efficiency research of innovative development of agricultural business enterprises in the conditions of competition.

Methodology of research. For economic processes study in agro-industrial business, we have systematized various methods and principles, in particular: philosophical (fundamental) and its principles; general scientific (traditional and modern); specific scientific (general economic and specific) (Fig. 1). For study the effectiveness of innovative development of agro-industrial components, a methodological procedure of analysis has been formed, in particular: vertically - assessment of the level of efficiency of agribusiness components; horizontally - types and indicators of efficiency of components of agribusiness are given (Fig. 2). For study of the efficiency level of innovative development of agribusiness enterprises in conditions of competition at the macro, meso and micro levels, we have proposed a comprehensive methodology and evaluation indicators (Fig. 3).

Findings. The methodological and methodical principles of efficiency research of innovative development of agro-industrial enterprises in the conditions of competition at macro-, meso- and micro-levels of agribusiness components at Ukraine are generalized and offered.

Originality. The substantiation of methodological and methodical bases of research was further developed, the complex technique and indicators of efficiency estimation of innovative development of agro-industrial business enterprises at macro-, meso- and micro-levels of Ukraine are offered.

Practical value. Systematized and substantiated research results can be used in the process of analyzing the effectiveness of innovative development of agro-industrial enterprises in conditions of competition at the macro, meso and micro levels of Ukraine.
Key words: methodology and research methods, efficiency of innovative development, agro-industrial enterprises, competition, efficiency indicators, types of efficiency, complex estimation of efficiency of innovative development.