bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MARXISM AND THE THOUGHT OF HUMAN LIBERATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Dung Bui Xuan
Published: August 2021

Born and raised in a time when the movement for human and society liberation was growing and urging to have a scientific theory to lead the way, and certain material and thought arguments were also ripe for such theory at the same time, with the wisdom of a scientist and the political view of a revolutionary, K. Marx became the one to initiate and develop a scientific and revolutionary doctrine of human, liberation of human and society, and comprehensive human development. This doctrine of K. Marx created not only a revolutionary turning point in the concept of man and human nature, the relationship between human, nature and society, the position and role of human in the development of human history and the cause of human liberation and comprehensive human development, but also the long-lived vitality of Marxism in modern age.

 Article visualizations:
THE HUMANISTIC THINKING OF PHAN BOI CHAU – HISTORY AND TIMELY VALUE / TƯ TƯỞNG NHÂN VĂN CỦA PHAN BỘI CHÂU – GIÁ TRỊ LỊCH SỬ VÀ THỜI ĐẠI
Authors: Tram Pham Ngoc
Published: August 2021

The humanistic thought of Phan Boi Chau is one of the core issues. It is a synthesis of contents: views that promote the role, status and values of people; is kindness, altruism, expressed in the love of people, race, homeland; is educational interest. All are derived from the principle are the national spirit and patriotism, with the close unity between culture and politics, between nationality and humanity; contribute to enriching and deepening the traditional humanistic spirit of the Vietnamese nation, affirming the strength of human and people of Vietnam. Awakening patriotism, encouraging, and gathering masses to stand; to fight for national independence, freedom for the country and happiness for people of Vietnam.

 Article visualizations:
Experiences of Ph.D. Dropouts in Geography
Authors: Emmioglu Sarikaya Esma , Çağlar Ayşe
Published: August 2021

This study examines the experiences of four Ph.D. drop-out students in Geography programs in Turkey. Phone interviews were used to collect data. Narrative inquiry was used as a research design. Snowball sampling was used to reach the participants of the study. The study participants were two men and two women who started their Ph.D. programs in different universities in Turkey. The main reason that the participants had started their Ph.D. degrees was for getting academic jobs. The participants reported that they had positive experiences such as learning new skills and expanding knowledge but also negative experiences during their Ph.D. programs. All participants dropped out of their Ph.D. programs while they were writing their dissertations. Participants reported several personal (e.g., lack of skills) and circumstantial (e.g., social responsibilities, commuting) factors as reasons for quitting their Ph.D. programs. For educators, administrators, and policymakers, we recommended that setting higher criteria for Ph.D. students should be considered to attract and accept the best candidates for doctoral programs. During the doctorate, students should be able to select their supervisors or change their supervisors. In addition, doctoral students should be offered opportunities to socialize, share information, and learn from each other and should be encouraged to cooperate.
Down By The Riverside
Authors: McCoy Arsimmer
Published: August 2021

Down By The Riverside was written with the intention of provoking revolution by utilizing an amassed knowledge of the history, culture, and spiritual origins of black people. This creation of an apocalyptic scenario, where we meet our adversaries on sacred grounds, prompts the conversation on our power as a people, and how we have always forged through consistent attacks on our bodies by tapping into our ancestral core, to prevail. This is poem about war and peace, about grace, mercy, and hellEre. Which all coexist within ourselves and beyond this plane.
Black Women's Avant-Garde Poetics: Politics, Creative Survival & the Afro Surreal
Authors: Norris Ashunda
Published: August 2021

This writing meditates on the afro surreal and how the avant-garde poetics of Black womxn blow up a colonized, imperialist canon.
NILAI EDUKATIF DALAM SURAT AL-FATIHAH DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KARAKTER
Authors: Saputra Edy
Published: August 2021

Artikel ini mengkaji nilai edukatif normatif dalam surat Al-Fatihah dan pengaruhnya terhadap karakter. Kajian ini termasuk katagori penelitian kepustakaan. Metode kajian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitis. Data primer dalam kajian ini adalah surat Al-Fatihah. Sedangkan data sekunder sebagai penunjang dalam artikel ini berasal dari referensi-referensi yang berkaitan dengan tema pembahasan, terutama kitab-kitab tafsir. Hasil dari kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai sangat penting untuk ditanamkan pada diri seseorang, sebab nilai adalah rujukan dan keyakinan dalam menentukan sikap. Oleh sebab itu, nilai sangat berpengaruh pada karakter dan perilaku seseorang. Surat Al-Fatihah memuat nila-nilai normative dalam tiga aspek; (1) nilai i'tiqadiyah, (2) nilai Khuluqiyah , dan (3) nilai amaliah (Syariah). Namun, tulisan ini dibatasi kajian hanya pada nilai pendidikan akidah (i'tiqadiyah) saja dan pengaruhnya terhadap karakter. Alasannya, akidah merupakan fondasi yang menjadi tumpuan dari syariah dan akhlak. Syariah adalah implementasi dari akidah. Sedangkan akhlak merupakan cerminan daripada akidah dan syariah. Jadi, akidah merupakan worldview atau basic belief yang menjadi nilai utama dalam kehidupan seseorang. Dalam surat Al-Fatihah memuat beberapa nilai akidah, yaitu keimanan dan tauhid. Dan dalam surat Al-fatihah memuat tiga jenis tauhid secara lengkap, yaitu rububiyyah, uluhiyyah, dan asmâ' wa shifat.
How successful is the Higher Institute of Energy, Kuwait, in reducing dependence on expatriates?
Authors: Al-Ali Salah
Published: August 2021

Imparting knowledge, skills and positive attitude is the core component of technical and vocational education. It is a dual system that permit students, if well organized and monitored, to transfer what they have learned in classroom, laboratories, and workshops into real work environment.  It is an opportunity to overcome the shortage of skills in labour market and reduce the rate of unemployment, particularly between youth graduates. Technical and vocational education would not only contribute in reducing the level of unemployment, especially in developing countries, but also in increasing and diversifying productivity, reducing poverty level, maintaining social security and prosperity, decreasing crime rate, and maintaining a stable economic and political status. In the gulf states (e.g., Kuwait, Qatar, Oman), the shortage of indigenous skilled and semi-skilled manpower is highly marked in essential sectors of the economy (oil, electricity and water, infrastructure, health care). As a result, key figures have thoroughly realized the importance of forging technical and vocational institutions to respond to the needs of local industries and business. Kuwait, has realized and appreciate the urgent need of the health sector of highly qualified indigenous specialist and thus established the Institute of Nursing, IN, with the aim to overcome or reduce the level of dependence on expatriates in major hospitals and clinics. The research focuses on identifying and examining the perception of the head of nurses at the health sector towards the standard of the filed training program, and the quality of the Institute of Nursing, IN, graduates.  The research is based on extensive field work that encompasses a review of the related literature, interviews with a sample of heads of nurses at the health sector.  Finally, the research will argue that unless the IN recognize and appreciate the value of building a strong linkage with the health sector, its contribution in tackling the shortage of skilled and semi-skilled indigenous health care specialist will be below the government expectations, thus continuing relaying on expatriates for years ahead.
Mortgage as a legal instrument for enforcement of the contract of sale
Authors: Gojani Skender
Published: August 2021

Mortgage is a real means of securing the contract, the contracting parties, in many cases agree to finalize their agreement on a certain item by concluding a written contact, but in some cases the contracting parties can also be ensured in various ways to adhere to the rights and obligations arising from their contract.

The creditor on the one hand as the pledgee and the debtor on the other hand as the pledgor are those who enter into a contract by which they create their rights and obligations arising from the contract which must be drafted in support of the provisions of the Law on Obligational Relationships. At the time of entering into the contract they can also enter into a mortgage contract as a real means of securing the contract, where the creditor is assured that if the debtor does not meet the main contractual requirement, then by mortgage as a real means of securing the contract he will realize the main requirement of the contract, i.e. through the mortgage as a real means of securing the contract the pledgee creditor manages to fulfill the main requirement of the contract which the debtor has not been able to meet by the pledgor.
Restaurant Readiness in the implementation of Health Protocols during Covid-19 Pandemic in Simalungun Regency
Authors: Ritonga Abdul Kadir
Published: August 2021

This pandemic has had a major impact on all sectors including the economy. Currently, many countries are preparing for a new normal in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic, including Indonesia. Restaurant is one of the public places and hospitality service that must be prepared for the New normal. The purpose of this study was to determine the readiness of restaurants in Simalungun Regency, North Sumatera during the new normal period. The research design used observation and quantitative research. The number of samples was 40 restaurant visitors in Simalungun Regency which were selected by proportional random sampling. Data collection techniques through direct observation. Data analysis was carried out descriptively to determine the readiness of restaurants during the new normal period. The results showed that most restaurants in Simalungun Regency had implemented health protocols. Health promotion for behavior change is needed continuously through health campaigns and strict supervision of the implementation of health protocols in restaurants to suppress the transmission of Covid-19. It can be concluded that restaurants in Simalungun Regency are ready to implement health protocols in the New Normal Era in the face of covid 19.
Social Support, Resilience and Subjective Well-being in College Students
Authors: Yıldırım Murat , Çelik Tanrıverdi Fatma
Published: August 2021

Social support has been linked to numerous adaptive psychosocial health outcomes. The Brief Perceived Social Support Questionnaire (BPSSQ) is a newly developed measure of general social support. This study aimed to test the psychometric properties and dimensionality of the BPSSQ in Turkish language and tested the mediating effect of resilience in the relationship between social support and satisfaction with life. Participants included 202 college students (69.3% females), with a mean age of 22.58 years (SD=1.26) who completed online measures of social support, resilience, and satisfaction with life. As expected, the BPSSQ provided a one-factor structure with a satisfactory internal consistency. Social support significantly predicted resilience and satisfaction with life. Resilience also predicted satisfaction with life. Furthermore, the results supported the hypothesis of mediating role of resilience in the relationship between social support and satisfaction with life. These results are important in terms of providing evidence of the underlying mechanism between social support and satisfaction with life. Future intervention efforts aimed at increasing social support and satisfaction with life may benefit from resilience.
ACTOS ADMINISTRATIVOS QUE LESIONAN DERECHOS Y LIBERTADES SUSCEPTIBLES DE AMPARO CONSTITUCIONAL: ANÁLISIS DE LA DOCTRINA DE LOS ÓRGANOS CONSULTIVOS EN EXPEDIENTES DE REVISIÓN DE OFICIO
Authors: BOTO ÁLVAREZ ALEJANDRA
Published: August 2021

En este trabajo se acomete un estudio de las lesiones de derechos
y libertades susceptibles de amparo constitucional por actos de las Administraciones
públicas a partir de un corpus documental hasta ahora poco explotado en la
literatura científica: los dictámenes del Consejo de Estado y sus equivalentes autonómicos
en relación con propuestas de resolución de expedientes de revisión
de oficio apoyadas en el artículo 62.1.a) de la Ley 30/1992. Tras una presentación
introductoria sobre la utilidad de este fondo documental, se afronta el análisis
desde una perspectiva de case law purgando los casos pertinentes entre el más
de un millar de resultados que arroja la introducción de ciertos parámetros («revisión
de oficio», «Derechos fundamentales» y/o «artículo 62.1.a) Ley 30/1992») en
los motores de búsqueda de los distintos órganos consultivos entre el año 1999 y
la primavera de 2012.

Lan honetan, herri-administrazioen egintzen ondorioz urratu diren
eskubide eta askatasunetatik konstituzioaren babesa izan dezaketenak aztertzen
dira, zientziaren literaturan orain arte gutxi aztertu den dokumentu-korpusa
abiapuntua hartuta: Estatu Kontseiluaren eta erkidegoetako horren pareko organoen
irizpenak, 30/1992 Legearen 62.1.a) artikuluan oinarrituta sortu diren ofiziozko
berrikuspen-espedienteen inguruko ebazpen-proposamenekin lotuak. Hasteko
eta behin, sarrera egiteko, agirien funts hori oso erabilgarria dela azalduko
du, eta, ondoren, azterketari berari helduko diot, «case law» perspektiba erabiliz:
hainbat kontsulta-organotako bilatze-motorretan 1999 eta 2012. urteko udaberriko
datuen artean zenbait parametro sartuta («ofiziozko berrikuspena», «oinarrizko eskubidea
» edota «30/1992 Legearen 62.1.a) artikulua») agertzen diren milatik gora
kasuetatik guri egokitzen zaizkigun kasuak bahetuta.

This work undertakes the study of the damages inflicted by
acts of the Administrations on rights and freedoms which can be redressed
by means of constitutional complaint from a documentary corpus up to now
poorly utilised by the academic literature: the opinions of the Council of State
and their autonomic equals in relation with the proposals of decisions to files of
ex officio review according to article 62.1.a) of Act 30/1992. After an introductory
presentation about the usefulness of this documentary collection, the analysis is
conducted from a case law perspective purging the relevant cases out of more
than a thousand results after introducing some parameters in the query (ex officio
review, fundamental rights, and/or article 62.1.a) of Act 30/1992) with the search
engines of the several advisory bodies between 1999 and spring 2012.
LA REGULACIÓN DEL RÉGIMEN LOCAL EN LA COMUNIDAD AUTÓNOMA DEL PAÍS VASCO. UNA CUESTIÓN PENDIENTE
Authors: ENDEMAÑO AROSTEGUI JOSÉ MARÍA
Published: August 2021

Tanto las instituciones comunes de la Comunidad Autónoma del
País Vasco como los órganos forales de sus territorios históricos tienen competencias
normativas y ejecutivas en materia de régimen local. La competencia general
corresponde a las instituciones comunes, que han hecho un escaso uso de la
misma, produciendo una normativa fragmentaria y poco estructurada. Los órganos
forales de los territorios históricos, como titulares de atribuciones competenciales
específicas, han desarrollado una intensa actividad normativa, no siempre
indiscutida desde el punto de vista competencial. En general, el régimen jurídico
de la Administración Local del País Vasco precisa de una profunda revisión, previo
deslinde de los ámbitos competenciales autonómico y foral.

Bai Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoko erakunde erkideek bai lurralde
historikoetako foru-organoek guztiek dituzte arauak ezartzeko nahiz egikaritzeko
eskumenak, tokiko araubideko kontuetan. Eskumen orokorra erakunde erkideek
dute, baina ez dute apenas erabili, eta araudia zatikatua eta egitura eskasekoa
eman dute. Lurralde historikoetako foru-organoak direnez eskumen-atribuzio espezifikoen
titularrak, haiek jardun dira buru-belarri lanean arauak sortzeko, nahiz
behin baino gehiagotan eskumena dela-eta liskarra eragin izan duten. Orotara esateko,
Euskadiko Tokiko Administrazioko araubide juridikoak goitik behera berrikustea
behar du, eskumenak banatzen hasi aurretik foru-erakundeen eta erkidegoko
erakundeen artean.

Both common institutions of the Autonomous Community of the
Basque Country and the foral bodies of their historical territories have normative
and executive powers in the field of local government. The general power is
responsibility of the common institutions, which have barely used it, so the
normative is fragmented and poorly structured. The foral bodies of the historical
territories, as the holders of some specific powers, have developed a deep
normative activity, not always undisputed from the point of view of the powers. In
general, the legal regime of the local Administration of the Basque Country needs
a deep review prior to a limitation of the autonomic and foral sphere of powers.
EL PRINCIPIO DE TRANSPARENCIA EN EL PLANEAMIENTO URBANÍSTICO
Authors: LLORENS FERRER MARTA
Published: August 2021

El urbanismo actual necesita una administración abierta, informativa,
transparente, y flexible. El reconocimiento de un derecho de información amplio
sobre el planeamiento y los instrumentos urbanísticos, completado con una
obligación de la Administración de ofrecer un servicio público de información a
través de una publicidad activa, son presupuestos imprescindibles para que los
propietarios, y todos los ciudadanos en general, conozcan las decisiones relativas
al suelo que conforma sus ciudades, y son, ante todo, una garantía de la legalidad
urbanística y un mecanismo de control social de la amplia discrecionalidad administrativa
en materia de urbanismo.

Egungo hirigintzak administrazio irekia, informatzailea, gardena
eta malgua behar du. Ezinbestekoa da hirigintzako planteamenduei eta bitartekoei
buruzko informazio eskubide zabala onartzea, eta, horrez gain, Administrazioak,
publizitate aktiboaren bidez, informazio-zerbitzu publikoa eskaintzeko betebeharra
izatea, jabeek eta, oro har, herritar guztiek beraien hirietako lurzoruarekin lotuta
hartzen diren erabakiak ezagutu ditzaten. Era berean, hirigintza legezkotasunaren
bermea dira, eta administrazioek hirigintzaren arloan dituzten eskumen zabalen
gaineko kontrol sozialerako mekanismoa.

The current urbanism needs an open, informative, transparent
and flexible administration. The acknowledgment of a broad right of information
regarding the planning and urban instruments together with a duty for the Administration
to offer a public service of information by means of an active advertising
are essential requisites so as to allow the proprietors and all the citizens in
general to know those decisions regarding the soil that makes up their cities and
are above all a guarantee for the urban legality and a mechanism of social control
over the wide administrative discretionality regarding urbanism.
SUBVENCIONES Y ESTADO AUTONÓMICO. CRÍTICA DE LA ÚLTIMA JURISPRUDENCIA CONSTITUCIONAL.
Authors: AYMERICH CANO CARLOS IGNACIO
Published: August 2021

Recientes pronunciamientos del TC español revisan su doctrina
tradicional sobre el poder de gasto estatal y la distribución de competencias en
materia de subvenciones codificada en la STC 13/1992, de 6 de febrero. Las recientes
SsTC 130 y 135/2013, de 4 y 6 de junio respectivamente, además de sancionar
la constitucionalidad de la Ley General de Subvenciones (LGS) de 2003, reinterpretan
en clave expansiva títulos estatales en materia financiera, económica y de
procedimiento y régimen jurídico de las administraciones públicas alterando gravemente
el sistema de distribución de competencias y la posición de las Comunidades
Autónomas.

Espainiako Konstituzio Auzitegiak, duela gutxi eman dituen
ebazpenetan, berrikusi egin du Estatuaren gastu ahalmenari eta diru-laguntzen arloko
eskumen-banaketari buruz zeukan doktrina tradizionala, Konstituzio Auzitegiaren
otsailaren 6ko 13/1992 Epaian kodetuta zegoena. Auzitegiak ekainaren 4an eta
6an emandako 130 eta 135/2013 epaiek berretsi egin dute 2003ko Diru-laguntzen
Lege Orokorraren konstituzionaltasuna, eta modu zabalagoan interpretatu dituzte
Estatuak arlo finantzarioan, ekonomikoan eta herri-administrazioen prozeduran
zein araubide juridikoan dituen ahalmenak. Horrenbestez, aldaketa larriak eragin
ditu autonomia-erkidegoen eskumen banaketaren eta ahalmenen sisteman.

Recent judgments by the Spanish Constitutional Court go through
its traditional standpoint over the State power of expenditure and the allocation of
powers regarding the field of subsidies as established by the Constitutional Court
judgment 13/1992 from February 6th. The recent rulings of the Constitutional Court
130 and 135/2013 from June 4th and 6th respectively, as well as approving the constitutionality
of the General Act for Subsidies (from 2003), reinterpret in a more
expansive way the State powers in finance and economic matters and in the procedure
and legal regime of the public administrations by changing critically the
system of allocation of powers and the position of the Autonomous Communities.
Казахское экокино сквозь призму жанров апокалиптики и постапокалиптики
Authors: Абдыкасымов Бауыржан , Машурова Аида
Published: August 2021

Основой данной статьи является рассмотрение игровых и документальных фильмов с элементами жанров апокалиптики и постапокалиптики в казахском кинематографе. Представленная статья крайне актуальна, если принять во внимание, что рассмотрение апокалиптической тематики происходит в рамках локальных экологических и техногенных проблем. Апокалиптика и постапокалиптика непосредственно связаны с экологическими и техногенными катастрофами, которые становятся причиной краха целой экосистемы, человеческой расы или ее огромной части. Это одно из распространённых классических сценарных решений в мировом кино. Серьезнейшая угроза для всего человечества и современного мира – это реальность глобальных экологических проблем окружающей среды. Казахстан так же, как и другие страны, переживает тяжелый экологический кризис, и вопросы его решения находятся в этом ряду всемирной проблемы. Исследование проведено на материалах национального кинематографического искусства Республики Казахстан, американского и советского кинематографа, стран Европы и Азии раннего, а также современного периодов развития.
Методологическая основа статьи состоит из теоретико-киноведческого, визуального, фильмического и сравнительно-сопоставительного анализа.
Многие регионы Центральной Азии, особенно Казахстан, остаются экологически нестабильными, но на сегодняшний день эти вопросы не стали важной темой для казахского кинематографа.
Мировой кинематограф имеет не только большой опыт кинопроизводства в этом направлении, но и на данный момент классифицирует жанр по группам и субжанрам. Классические сюжеты кинематографа на тему конца света: разрушение экологии планеты, мировые и локальные техногенные и природные катастрофы – относятся к элементам жанра апокалипсиса.
В отечественном киноведении апокалипсис, или конец света, остается одной из неизученных тем. Поэтому данную тему нужно углублять с точки зрения киноискусства. Рассмотрены казахские фильмы с элементами жанра апокалиптики, но по сравнению с мировыми кинорежиссерами тема отражается только со стороны деградированной экологии.
Happiness Curriculum: Covid-19 and Impacts
Authors: Agrawal Jyoti , Yadav Prabina , Sikarwar Prerana , Sharma Shweta , Tiwari Archana , Savale Abhilasha , Shakyawar Bhavana
Published: August 2021

Happiness is an important aspect to accomplish self pleasure in life. Happiness of children can be determined by some signs like companionship, support and confidence. Childhood experiences can impact on personality and perspective of a person. It is equal responsibility of teachers and parents to get the emotional, psychological and social requirements of the children. Day by day the concept of positive education psychology is becoming more famous. The main focus of positive education is the difference between what people desire for their children and what does school teach. Parent’s wants from their children to be alert, optimistic, happy and self satisfied but a school focuses on ranks, schools work and rules-regulation. The prime responsibility of guardian and pedagogue is to guide balance in student’s life. This research paper was accomplished based on three concerns. Firstly, childhood is an essential development period that forms the establishment for the emotional security and future learning development of children. Secondly, the occurrence of child and youth behavioural problems is increasing, supposed to be source of unhappiness. Thirdly, studies connected to happiness are early childhood. Therefore, this study wants to investigate the importance of circumstances and parties related with happiness in children. Further we try to understand the important feature of learning and happiness and the role of teachers and parents in children life. Also we examine the approach of Delhi Government to start "Happiness Curriculum" program.
O trabalho infantil de migrantes e refugiados no Brasil
Authors: Custódio André Viana , Cabral Johana
Published: August 2021

Este artigo trata do trabalho infantil de crianças migrantes. O objetivo geral foi pesquisar a exploração do trabalho de crianças migrantes e em situação de refúgio no Brasil, com base no monitoramento do fluxo migratório venezuelano. Objetivou-se contextualizar a exploração de crianças venezuelanas migrantes e em situação de refúgio no Brasil; analisar a legislação contra a exploração do trabalho infantil e os procedimentos jurídicos aplicáveis às crianças migrantes; e sistematizar os procedimentos a serem adotados pelas políticas públicas de prevenção e erradicação do trabalho infantil de crianças migrantes e refugiadas. Teve-se como problema de pesquisa: Como ocorrem as violações de direitos de proteção contra a exploração do trabalho infantil de crianças migrantes e em situação de refúgio no Brasil considerando o fluxo migratório venezuelano e quais os procedimentos jurídicos e políticos para o seu enfrentamento? A hipótese foi a de que a exploração pelo trabalho de crianças venezuelanas migrantes no Brasil ocorre de variadas formas, boa parte ligada ao setor informal, dentre atividades que integram as piores formas de trabalho infantil. Os procedimentos jurídicos e políticos para o enfrentamento das violações, nesses casos, demandam informação, fiscalização das empresas, acompanhamento e inserção social das crianças, e a adoção de políticas públicas. O método de abordagem foi o dedutivo e o de procedimento, monográfico. Foram utilizadas as técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Concluiu-se que há crianças venezuelanas no Brasil exploradas em atividades informais, nas piores formas de trabalho infantil, situação desconsiderada pelas demais pesquisas que abordam o trabalho infantil no Brasil.
How the indigenous case of Xukuru before the Inter-American Court of Human Rights can inspire decolonial comparative studies on property rights
Authors: Bitencourt Nóbrega Flavianne Fernanda , Montanha Camilla
Published: August 2021

This paper develops a decolonial comparative analysis of the concept of property rights, taking into consideration the decision of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, ruling on collective property rights of indigenous people for the first time against Brazil (case Xukuru People versus Brazil, 2018). For this purpose, the innovative method of decolonial comparative law, promoted by Ralf Michaels and Lena Salaymeh at the workshop organized by Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Law on 2019, was used to comparatively analyse private property rights and the collective property right in the Brazilian legal system from a decolonial perspective. The Xukuru indigenous case clearly shows the diverse problems and conflicts that arise when using the concept of property right based on a strong Eurocentric tradition. The challenges of registering an indigenous property in Brazil were identified in this context as a dysfunctional colonial model of private right that obstruct the exercise of collective property in Brazil. Thus, the decision of the Interamerican Court of Human Rights that introduces the concept of collective property rights in Brazil can inspire a decolonial approach in the domestic legal system and serve as learning process for other legal systems that are confronting similar problems.
AN ANALYSIS OF YIELDS OF KOLA-NUT PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND MARKETING IN SAGAMU LGA, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: OLUWALANA E. O. A. , OKOJIE L. O. , ASHAOLU F. O , OLANIRAN V. O.
Published: August 2021

This study on Kola nut production in Ogun State was aimed at describing the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers, net farm income, marketing channels and factors influencing output of kola nut for its impact on food security. Multistage sampling technique was used in the study; the first stage involves the purposive selection of Sagamu Local Government as largest Kola nut farming with 4 communities; namely; Agbowa; Sagamu; Igodo, and Odelemo. The second stage involves simple random selection of 100 kola nut farmers, 25 per community. A structured questionnaire was administered subject to descriptive analysis, multiple regressions, and budgetary analysis. The results revealed that male 82% and female 18% were involved in kola nut production, processing and marketing. Average household size of 6 members with a minimum of 25 years farming experiences. The study revealed that 51% of the farmers sold directly to wholesalers, 37% sold to processors, and 12% sold to retailers. Also, 83%, of the producers and marketers were married 16% were widowed and only 1% divorced. Average age was 58years and average farm size of 2.71 hectares. Average farm net income was ₦208,680.40 per annum with the total revenue of ₦291,149 and a gross margin of ₦237,789.50 per annum. The average total cost incurred was calculated as ₦82,468.40 being cost of labour, transportation and items such as cutlass, hoes and files. Regression analysis used to determine the factors affecting the output of kola nut showed that farm size, age of kola nut plantation and the age of farmers were significant at 10%, 5% and 1% respectively using double log equation and the model was significant at 1%. The age of farmers (x1) was negatively significant which implies that as farmers reach old age, this may serve as hindrance due to physical inability to undertake vigorous farm activities hence reduction in output occurs by 13.3%. Farming experience (x2) was negatively correlated with output of kolanut indicating that a unit increase in experience of kolanut farmers will decrease output by 12.3%. Farm size was found to positively significant which implies that a unit increase in farm size will increase output by 83.1%.The result revealed that kola nut business is a profitable venture and male dominated. The women could be encouraged to invest in the business to increase their income and livelihood.
PERCEIVED EFFECT OF EMPLOYEES PARTICIPATION IN ORGANIZATIONAL DECISION MAKING ON JOB SATISFACTION IN NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR HORTICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING, OYO STATE NIGERIA
Authors: OYEYINKA R. A. , ADEKUNMI O. A. , AYANSINA S. O. , AWOYEMI A. O.
Published: August 2021

The study was conducted to investigate the perceived effect of employees’ participation in organisational decision making on the job satisfaction in National Institute for Horticultural Research and Training, Oyo State, Nigeria. Structured questionnaire were used to collect data from 82 employees using simple random sampling technique. Data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that majority of the employees (51.9%) were female and belong to the age range of 30-40years, with a mean age of 38.3years. Thisis a reflection of gender imbalance of the employees in the organisation. Furthermore 49.1% of the respondents’ were married, while 86.4% of them obtained tertiary education. Moreover the monthly average salary of the respondents was about N100, 000.00.The aggregate mean score for level of participation in decision making was 36.21, while the grand mean was 4.02. Satisfaction with co-workers relationship with mean value of (= 3.71), unity of command amongst the employees with mean value of (=3.63), and satisfaction of the structure in the organisation had greater effect on the employees level of job satisfaction as indicated in the perception of employees rating means scores. Result also shows that, lack of motivation (62.2%), domination by some group (76.8%), and poor communication (71.9%) were the most severe constraints responsible for poor participation in decision making in the organisation. Chi square and Pearson product moment correlation analysis shows that age (χ2=0.257, p< 0.05), educational level (χ2=0.258, p<0.05), years of experience (r = 0.239, p< 0.05) and monthly salary (r = 0.247, p< 0.05) had significant association with participation in organizational decision making. Also the result of Pearson Product Moment Correlation reveals that there is significant relationship between the respondents’ participation in decision making and job satisfaction (r = 0.652, p< 0.05).The study concludes that the effect of employees’ participation in organisation decision making on job satisfaction was rated above average. It is therefore recommended that employees’ motivation should be adhere to in the organization by involvement of employees’ and participation in decision making.
DYNAMIC EFFECTS OF REMITTANCES ON EXTERNAL RESERVES IN NIGERIA: THE ROLE OF INFLATION AND STRUCTURAL BREAKS
Authors: OLUBIYI E. A. , RAHEEM A. , ADEMOKOYA A. A.
Published: August 2021

This study provides additional information about the drivers of external reserves in Nigeria.  The result using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model estimation approach for the period 1980-2015 shows that remittances, among other macroeconomic variables, increased external reserves in the short run but weakens it in the long run. Remittances depletes external reserves through its effect on inflation rate and the nonsterilized intervention of the Central Bank.  Furthermore, regime shift to relatively floating exchange rate causes remittances to increase reserves.  From the foregoing, it is important for the authorities to continue operating relatively flexible exchange rate, and curtail excessive spending of remittances.

 

Keywords: , , , , .

JEL Classification: F31, F24, C22, F31
UNE EXPOSITION DE LA VIOLENCE CONJUGALE CONTRE LES HOMMES DANS VERRE CASSÉ D’ALAIN MABANCKOU.
Authors: KANUMUANGI B. O. , SANNI R. O.
Published: August 2021

La société doit être une place où les gens sont protégés contre  la violence conjugale, que ce soit la violence contre  les femmes ou contre les hommes.  Mais la société de nos jours  sous  l’influence du mouvement féministe débarrasse  la violence contre les hommes ce qui causeun déséquilibre  de justice contre les hommes. Ce travail  analyse le roman Verre cassé d’Alain Mabanckou  en utilisant l’approche réaliste pour  identifier et exposer  les violences et leurs effets que les hommes subissent en mariage. L’étude montre que les victimes masculins de la violence conjugale sont moins considérés,  et défavorisés dans la justice et au publique. C’est ainsi que cette recherche fait appel aux individus, organisations non-gouvernementales et aux gouvernements pour qu’ils combattent le problème de la violence contre les hommes et pour sensibiliser la société à l’égard de la gente masculine opprimée par la femme.
REPLICATION-BASED COST SCHEDULING STRATEGY FOR FAULT TOLERANCE IN DISTRIBUTED KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Authors: BAMGBOYE O. O. , FOLORUNSO O. , AKINWALE A. T. , ADEBAYO G. A.
Published: August 2021

Distributed Knowledge Management Systems (DKMS) often depends on the Semantic Web Peer-to-Peer (SW-P2P) model. The reason for this is based on its support for autonomy of knowledge node, ease of accessibility and scalability. The susceptibility to failure experienced during knowledge retrieval has been a concern for the SW-P2P.ª¤? This paper presents a fault tolerance system in order to resolve the problem of the DKM. The architecture of this design consists of five components namely; Replication Manager (RM), Fault Detector (FD), Fault Notifier (FN), Recovery Mechanism (RMe) and Global Control Monitor (GCM). This design adopted dynamic replication strategy and group constitution procedure to guarantee knowledge availability on knowledge nodes. The dynamic replication strategy was used to create and delete replicas based on the changes in the DKMS environment. The group constitution procedure suggested the efficiency of fault recovery process in terms of the best available replica among knowledge service group. The fault tolerance system execution cycle was performed on a set of Virtual Machines (VM) using the VMware Workstation version 7.0.1, while Java programming language was used to implement the group and ungroup replicas. Sample dataª¤? of varying magnitude in ranges of 225Kilobytes to 512Kilobytes and 450Kilobytes to 512Megabytes were tested at different time intervals on both the grouped and ungrouped replicas at a threshold between 0.85 and 0.9 of knowledge retrieval. The results showed a reduction in the average response time of the grouped replicas which was measured to be 34 milliseconds and 68.2 milliseconds against ungrouped replica that was estimated as 53 milliseconds and 107.2 milliseconds respectively. The effect of this reduction in response time was that the grouped replica was faster than the approach of ungroup replica. In addition, the group replica occupied less memory space because it does not need to store replicas on the active knowledge peer when recovering from failure. This result showed that the system guarantees the fault tolerance of each knowledge node in a DKMS.ª¤?
DETECTION AND SEROTYPING OF MAREKS DISEASE VIRUS IN DISEASED CHICKENS IN ABEOKUTA
Authors: ONI O. O. , SONIBARE A. O. , OWOADE A. A. , JACOBS E. B.
Published: August 2021

Outbreaks of Marek’s disease (MD) in vaccinated flocks still occur sporadically and lead to economic losses. This study reports the detection of serotypes 1 and 3 Marek’s disease virus using molecular techniques in pullets showing clinical signs of the disease. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to evaluate the antibody response of chicks and the diseased pullets from the same parent stock against Marek’s disease (MD) at 4 and 21weeks of age respectively. Despite vaccination at day old, antibody titre in the chicks was negative while it was highly variable in the diseased pullets. From the results, the susceptibility of previously vaccinated birds to the pathogenic strain of MDV indicates inappropriate vaccination at day old and a call for concern in the poultry industry. It is therefore recommended that serology be carried out on birds to determine their immune status before and after MD vaccination.
EFFECT OF PRE-COPULATORY TREATMENT WITH AQUEOUS LEAF EXTRACT OF Spondias mombin ON GESTATIONAL CHARACSTERISTICS OF RABBITS
Authors: OLOYE A. A. , OBI N.
Published: August 2021

Fifteen plurigravida rabbits weighing between 2.0 and 2.6 kg were used for the study of gestational characteristics after pre-copulatory oral administration of aqueous leaf extract of Spondias mombin. The fifteen does were divided into three groups of five does per group. Four untreated reproductively proven bucks kept separately in different cages were used for copulation. Dosages administered were 400mg/kg and 800mg/kg for groups A and B respectively while distilled water was served to control group C. Mating, pregnancy diagnosis using ultrasound and determination of birth parameters were conducted subsequently at the end of extract treatment.

Average litter size,birth weight and gestation length observed in all dosage groups had statistically similar values (p≥0.05).However, it is worth noting the relatively higher values of average litter size in 800mg/kg dosage group and control (5.60±0.40) compared to 400mg/kg group (5.40±0.75) and the highest birth weight value recorded for 800mg/kg (46.63±3.55) compared to 400mg\kg group (45.30±3.22) and control (42.38±3.74). It was concluded that pre-copulatory administration of aqueous leaf extract of Spondias mombin at dosages as high as 800mg/kg to rabbit does not have deleterious effect on its prolificacy and does have pro-fertility tendencies.
Alimento seguro em foco: cuidados com a higiene de frutas e hortaliças para a prevenção de surtos alimentares
Authors: Lima Simone Kelly Rodrigues
Published: August 2021

Este livro traz, em dois capítulos, uma revisão da literatura sobre temas relacionados aos aspectos higiênicos que interferem na segurança do consumo de frutas e hortaliças, abordando aspectos relacionados aos pontos de riscos da cadeia, principais bactérias patogênicas associadas aos surtos notificados, sintomas, período de incubação, legislação vigente e por fim, recomendações de limpeza e sanitização dos produtos na chegada ao seu destino final: Nossa casa.
Effect of chemically induced fracturing on the ice nucleation activity of alkali feldspar
Authors: Kiselev Alexei A. , Keinert Alice , Gaedeke Tilia , Leisner Thomas , Sutter Christoph , Petrishcheva Elena , Abart Rainer
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Feldspar is an important constituent of airborne mineral
dust. Some alkali feldspars exhibit particularly high ice nucleation (IN)
activity. This has been related to structural similarities of the ice
(101‾0) prism planes and the (100) planes of alkali feldspar. Here
the effect of generating feldspar surfaces with close to (100) orientation
by means of chemically induced fracturing on the IN activity of alkali
feldspar was investigated experimentally. To this end, gem-quality K-rich
alkali feldspar was shifted towards more Na-rich compositions by cation
exchange with an NaCl–KCl salt melt at 850 ∘C. By this procedure,
a system of parallel cracks with an orientation close to the (100) plane of
the feldspar was induced. Droplet-freezing assay experiments performed on
grain mounts of the cation-exchanged alkali feldspars revealed an increase
in the overall density of ice-nucleating active site (INAS) density with respect to
the untreated feldspar. In addition, annealing at 550 ∘C
subsequent to primary cation exchange further enhanced the INAS density and
led to IN activity at exceptionally high temperatures. Although very
efficient in experiment, fracturing by cation exchange with an alkali halide
salt is unlikely to be of relevance in the conditioning of alkali feldspars
in nature. However, parting planes with similar orientation as the
chemically induced cracks may be generated in lamellar microstructures
resulting from the exsolution of initially homogeneous alkali feldspar, a
widespread phenomenon in natural alkali feldspar known as perthite
formation. Perthitic alkali feldspars indeed show the highest IN activity.
We tentatively ascribe this phenomenon to the preferential exposure of
feldspar crystal surfaces oriented sub-parallel to (100).
Magnitude, frequency and climate forcing of global volcanism during the last glacial period as seen in Greenland and Antarctic ice cores (60–9 ka)
Authors: Lin Jiamei , Svensson Anders , Hvidberg Christine S. , Lohmann Johannes , Kristiansen Steffen , Dahl-Jensen Dorthe , Steffensen Jørgen Peder , Rasmussen Sune Olander , Cook Eliza , Kjær Helle Astrid , Vinther Bo M. , Fischer Hubertus , Stocker Thomas , Sigl Michael , Bigler Matthias , Severi Mirko , Traversi Rita , Mulvaney Robert
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Large volcanic eruptions occurring in the last glacial period can be detected in terms of their deposited sulfuric acid in continuous ice cores. Here we employ continuous sulfate and sulfur records from three Greenland and three Antarctic ice cores to estimate the emission strength, the frequency and the climatic forcing of large volcanic eruptions that occurred during the second half of the last glacial period and the early Holocene, 60–9 ka years before AD 2000 (b2k). The ice cores are synchronized over most of the investigated interval making it possible to distinguish large eruptions with a global sulfate distribution from eruptions detectable in one hemisphere only. Due to limited data resolution and to a large variability in the sulfate background signal, particularly in the Greenland glacial climate, we only detect Greenland sulfate depositions larger than 20 kg km−2 and Antarctic sulfate depositions larger than 10 kg km−2. With those restrictions, we identify 1113 volcanic eruptions in Greenland and 740 eruptions in Antarctica within the 51 ka period – where the sulfate deposition of 85 eruptions is defined at both poles (bipolar eruptions). Based on the relative Greenland and Antarctic sulfate deposition, we estimate the latitudinal band of the bipolar eruptions and assess their approximate climatic forcing based on established methods. The climate forcing of the five largest eruptions is estimated to be higher than −70 W m−2. Twenty-seven of the identified bipolar eruptions are larger than any volcanic eruption occurring in the last 2500 years and 69 eruptions are estimated to have larger sulfur emission strengths than the VEI-7 Tambora eruption that occurred in Indonesia in 1815 AD. The frequency of eruptions larger than the typical VEI-7 (VEI-8) eruption by the comparison of sulfur emission strength is found to be 5.3 (7) times higher than estimated from geological evidence. Throughout the investigated period, the frequency of volcanic eruptions is rather constant and comparable to that of recent times. During the deglacial period (16–9 ka b2k), however, there is a notable increase in the frequency of volcanic events recorded in Greenland and an obvious increase in the fraction of very large eruptions. For Antarctica, the deglacial period cannot be distinguished from other periods. These volcanoes documented in ice cores provide atmospheric sulfate burden and climate forcing for further research on climate impact and understanding the mechanism of the Earth system.
The effect of rainfall amount and timing on annual transpiration in a grazed savanna grassland
Authors: Räsänen Matti , Aurela Mika , Vakkari Ville , Beukes Johan P. , Tuovinen Juha-Pekka , Van Zyl Pieter G. , Josipovic Miroslav , Siebert Stefan J. , Laurila Tuomas , Kulmala Markku , Laakso Lauri , Rinne Janne , Oren Ram , Katul Gabriel
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The role of precipitation (P) variability on evapotranspiration (ET) and its two components, transpiration (T) and evaporation (E) from savannas, continues to draw significant research interest given its relevance to a number of eco-hydrological applications. Our study reports on six years of measured ET and estimated T and E from a grazed savanna grassland in Welgegund, South Africa. Annual P varied significantly in amount (508 to 672 mm yr−1), with dry years characterized by infrequent early-season rainfall. T was determined using annual water-use efficiency and gross primary production estimates derived from eddy covariance measurements of latent heat flux and net ecosystem CO2 exchange rates. The computed annual T was nearly constant, 331 ± 11 mm yr−1 (T/ET = 0.52), for the four wet years with frequent early wet-season rainfall, whereas annual T was 268 and 175 mm yr−1 during the dry years. Annual T/ET was linearly related to the early wet-season storm frequency. The constancy of annual T during wet years is explained by the moderate water stress of C4 grass and constant annual tree transpiration covering 15 % of the landscape. However, grass transpiration declines during dry spells. Moreover, grasses respond to water availability with a dieback-regrowth pattern, reducing leaf area and transpiration during drought. These changes lead to an anomalous monthly T/ET relation to leaf-area index (LAI). The results highlight the role of the C4 grass layer in the hydrological balance and suggest that the grass response to dry spells and drought is reasonably described by precipitation timing.