bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redefining Professional Knowledge in Athletic Training: Whose Knowledge Is It Anyway?
Authors: McKeon Patrick O. , McKeon Jennifer M. Medina , Geisler Paul R.
Published: June 2017

Context:

As athletic training continues to evolve as a profession, several epistemological considerations must be considered. These include how we generate professional knowledge and how we secure and legitimize it in both professional and public spheres.

Objective:

The purpose of this commentary is to provide an overview of how athletic training has defined its body of knowledge. By contrasting our professional knowledge with recent advancements in medical cognition and epistemology, we aim to provide a more robust definition of professional knowledge for our profession.

Background:

A profession is defined as an occupation that has a unique knowledge base and skill set that, when wielded, fulfills an ethically founded social contract with the public. One of the greatest challenges for the profession of athletic training as we move into the future is securing a knowledge base that is uniquely our own.

Synthesis:

In this commentary, we synthesize the process by which we secure our body of knowledge through the Role Delineation Study with emerging trends on the nature of professional knowledge from the medical and health care literature.

Results:

Based on the evidence presented, we propose a new definition for professional knowledge in the context of athletic training: Information that is purposefully linked together to develop the ability to explain and predict the clinical phenomena associated with the profession's social contract.

Recommendation(s):

As this new epistemological definition holds the potential to better structure and guide the athletic training's professional transformation, including its professional education processes, we recommend this model be considered for adoption and implementation.

Conclusion(s):

It is apparent that a new construct for professional knowledge, one capable of supporting the profession's infrastructure and intentions, is needed for athletic training. In addition, and crucial to the formation of our professional body's construction of knowledge, is a need for collecting multivariable outcomes concerning our ability to legitimize it.
Prevalence of Areca Nut Eating Habits and its Association with Oral Submucous Fibrosis in Preuniversity Collegegoing Adolescents of Raichur in Karnataka, India: A Prospective Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Shrikrishna Basagoudanavar H , Jyothi AC
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a well-known premalignant condition. Use of areca nut is a known cause of OSMF. More and more adolescents are becoming habitual to the use of areca nut and thus become prone for oral cancer.

Objective

To assess the prevalence of areca nut eating habits and its association with OSMF in the preuniversity college-going adolescents of Raichur in Karnataka, India.

Materials and methods

A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among the preuniversity college-going adolescents. A questionnaire was asked to be filled by them with regard to areca nut eating habits. All of them were examined by a single examiner for the detection of OSMF.

Results

Among the total of 1,208 adolescents included in the study, 527 were males and 681 were females. A total of 358 (29.64%) people accepted that they have the habit of eating areca nut. There was a significant association between areca nut eating habit and OSMF. There exists a significant relationship between the frequency and duration of areca nut eating habit with the presence of OSMF (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Areca nut eating habit is increasingly becoming prevalent among college-going adolescents. This needs to be addressed promptly by all concerned to prevent the occurrence of oral cancer.

How to cite this article

Shrikrishna BH, Jyothi AC. Prevalence of Areca Nut Eating Habits and its Association with Oral Submucous Fibrosis in Preuniversity College-going Adolescents of Raichur in Karnataka, India: A Prospective Cross-sectional Survey. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(4):197-203.
Association of Papillary Carcinoma of Thyroid and Nonspecific Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis and Its Clinicopathological Effects
Authors: Nawarathna Nadeesha J , Hewage Suwin N , Ratnayake Palitha , Seneviratne Ranjith JK
Published: June 2017

Introduction

The most common differentiated malignant thyroid neoplasm is papillary carcinoma. Association of concurrent presence of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and its subtypes with differentiated epithelial thyroid carcinoma remains controversial.

Objective

To evaluate epidemiological factors of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and association between chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and its subtypes with papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Materials and methods

A total of 684 patients who underwent thyroidectomy at Teaching Hospital Kandy, Sri Lanka, for a period of two-and-half years from 2013 January were reviewed. The clinical and pathological characteristics were analyzed. Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis was diagnosed by histology.

Results

Thyroid malignancies were detected in 14.2% of thyroidectomy specimen, of which well-differentiated epithelial thyroid carcinoma was seen in 82%. Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis was present in 31%, out of which 73.1% were nonspecific chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and 26.9% were Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Gender, age, and presence of thyroiditis were significantly associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Males were more likely to have papillary carcinoma compared with females (p = 0.013). Those with nonspecific chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis were more likely to have papillary thyroid carcinoma (p = 0.002) compared with those without. With increasing age, proportion of lymphovascular invasion in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma significantly (p = 0.010) decreases. None of the three factors mentioned were significant predictors of tumor focality, capsular or lymphovascular invasion.

Conclusion

Presence of nonspecific chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis is associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma at a given age and gender. Influence of nonspecific chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis on the prognosis of well-differentiated
epithelial thyroid carcinoma needs to be investigated further
with a larger sample size.

How to cite this article

Nawarathna NJ, Hewage SN, Ratnayake P, Seneviratne RJK. Association of Papillary Carcinoma of Thyroid and Nonspecific Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis and Its Clinicopathological Effects. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(4):213-219.
Efficacy of Technetium Scintigraphy as an investigative Tool in Papillary Carcinoma of Thyroid: A Prospective Study
Authors: Sreenivas C , Raj Vinay , Devipriya V
Published: June 2017

Introduction and background

Thyromegaly is a common cause of physician consultation. Solitary thyroid nodules are conventionally viewed with suspicion. Clinical examination cannot reliably distinguish between a solitary thyroid nodule and a dominant nodule in multinodular goiter. Ultrasonographical examination has its own pitfalls. Technetium 99 is a commonly used modality for the functional assessment of solitary thyroid nodule detection. It has the advantage of low cost with lower radiation dose to the exposed patients. On literature search, studies on Technetium 99 scintigraphy for thyroid in context to the Indian scenario does not yield much information, and very few studies are notable. This study was conducted to correlate and qualify thyroid cold nodule as detected by technetium 99 pertechnetate thyroid scan.

Objective

This study was conducted to correlate, qualify, and compare the predictive value of technetium 99 pertechnetate scintigraphy on solitary thyroid nodule vis-à-vis fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and to countercheck with histopathological examination (HPE).

Materials and methods

A prospective cohort study in a National Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Health care Providers, National Assessment and Accreditation Council, and Joint Commission International-accredited tertiary care teaching university hospital was conducted over a period of 36 months. All the subjects underwent clinical assessment of the neck that included standard examination techniques to segregate solitary thyroid nodules. They were then subjected to technetium 99 pertechnetate scintigraphy using the standard protocol. All the patients with solitary cold nodule underwent FNAC followed by nodule excision or hemi-thyroidectomy under general anesthesia. All the specimens underwent HPE by an experienced histopathologist. The results were statistically analyzed using Pearson's chi-square test.

Results

(1) Cold nodules as detected by technetium 99 pertechnetate thyroid scan is a reasonable indicator of probable malignancy vis-à-vis FNAC. (2) Occurrence of cold nodules is highest in third to fifth decade of life (21- to 50-year age group). (3) Occurrence of cold nodules is higher in females (83%), whereas occurrence of malignancy in cold nodules is higher in males (85%). (4) Occurrence of malignancy in cold nodules is higher in subjects less than 21 and above 50 years. (5) Technetium 99m pertechnetate thyroid scintigraphy is an important preoperative tool in management of thyroid nodules, and its routine use in all such patients is recommended, especially to rule out cold nodules.

How to cite this article

Mohanty S, Sreenivas C, Raj V, Efficacy of Technetium Scintigraphy as an investigative Tool in Papillary Carcinoma of Thyroid: A Prospective Study. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(4):220-222.
Localized Amyloidosis of Tongue: A Rare Case from India
Authors: Sharma Amit , Singh Kanwaljeet
Published: June 2017

Involvement of the tongue by amyloid is mostly secondary to systemic amyloidosis, with less than 9% of all types of amyloidosis presenting as isolated amyloidosis of the tongue. This is a case report of a 56-year-old patient who presented with mass lesion in the posterior part of tongue since 2 years duration. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed nodular area on posterior aspect of tongue without focal signal intensity and no contrast enhancement. On histopathological examination, the lesion exhibited homogeneous extracellular eosinophilic material. Congo red staining revealed amyloid material as red color under light microscopy and as apple green birefringence under polarized microscope. A definitive diagnosis of localized isolated amyloidosis of tongue was made after detailed workup to rule out the systemic form of amyloidosis. Isolated and localized amyloidosis of tongue is very rare and often mimics benign tumors, thus making the job of the treating doctor more challenging. The foremost task in management of these patients is to rule out the possibility of systemic amyloidosis because the localized forms of the disease may be treated with wide local surgical excision.

How to cite this article

Singh K, Sharma A. Localized Amyloidosis of Tongue: A Rare Case from India. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(4):225-227.
Coronal Sealing Capacity of Temporary Restorative Materials in Pediatric Dentistry: A Comparative Study
Authors: Milani Shabnam , Seraj Bahman , Heidari Alireza , Mirdamadi Atousa , Shahrabi Mahdi
Published: June 2017

Aims

The aim of this in vitro study is to compare the coronal microleakage of three common temporary restorative materials, namely Coltosol, Compoglass, and Zonalin, used in pediatric dentistry after endodontic treatment at different time intervals (1 week, 1, and 2 months) using dye penetration.

Materials and methods

Access cavities were prepared in 72 intact extracted premolar teeth. The samples were divided into three groups (n = 24) and filled with Coltosol, Compoglass, or Zonalin. After thermal cycling for 500 cycles (5–55°C), the teeth were immersed in 1% methylene blue dye at 37°C for 1 week (n = 8), 1 month (n = 8), and 2 months (n = 8). The samples were sectioned buccolingually, and the linear depth of dye penetration was measured using a stereomicroscope at 16 × magnification. The data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis test.

Results

There were no significant differences in the microleakage values of Coltosol and Zonalin or Zonalin and Compoglass groups at 1 week (p > 0.05) or 1 month (p > 0.05) intervals, but a significant difference was noted between Coltosol and Compoglass groups (p < 0.01); Coltosol provided a more favorable coronal seal. No significant difference was found among the experimental groups at the 2-month interval (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

At 1 week or 1 month of use, Coltosol showed better coronal seal. At 2 months, there was no significant difference apparent between the groups. A longer time lapse was associated with an increased likelihood of microleakage.

How to cite this article

Milani S, Seraj B, Heidari A, Mirdamadi A, Shahrabi M. Coronal Sealing Capacity of Temporary Restorative Materials in Pediatric Dentistry: A Comparative Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):115-118.
Association of Feeding Methods and Streptococcus mutans Count with Early Childhood Caries: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Puranik Manjunath P , Bullappa Deepa , Sowmya KR , Nagarathnamma T
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Early childhood caries (ECC) is a virulent form of dental caries that can destroy the primary dentition of toddlers and preschool children. The aim was to determine the relationship of feeding methods and oral Streptococcus mutans count in 3- to 5-year-old children with ECC.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in children aged 3 to 5 years. Participating mothers were interviewed regarding child's demographic profile, educational level and socioeconomic status of parents, past medical and dental history of the mother and child, child's feeding habits, and dietary habits and oral hygiene practices of mother and child. Clinical examination for dental caries was done using the World Health Organization criteria (1997). Salivary samples of mother–child pair were collected to determine the pH, flow rate, and S. mutans count. Statistical tests, such as Student's t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation were applied.

Results

Out of 150 mother–child pair, statistically significant difference in the caries experience was found between mothers and children with high and low S. mutans count. Moderate but statistically significant negative correlation was found between mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth of mothers and mean decayed, extracted and filled teeth (deft) of children with high S. mutans count. Regarding deft, there was no statistically significant difference between children who were exclusively breast fed (7.85 ± 2.94), exclusively bottle-fed (8.67 ± 3.98), and both breast and bottle-fed (7.77 ± 2.91).

Conclusion

The mean caries experience of mothers and children was 2.66 ± 2.01 and 7.82 ± 2.94 respectively, with decayed component being maximum. Moderate and significant correlation (r = 0.5) was found between S. mutans of mothers and children in saliva. Significant negative correlation was found between mothers and children with high S. mutans count (r = –0.0284; p = 0.046).

How to cite this article

Bullappa D, Puranik MP, Sowmya KR, Nagarathnamma T. Association of Feeding Methods and Streptococcus mutans Count with Early Childhood Caries: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):119-125.
Comparative Evaluation of Sealing Ability, Water Absorption, and Solubility of Three Temporary Restorative Materials: An in vitro Study
Authors: Prabhakar AR , Rani N Shantha
Published: June 2017

Background

The quality of the coronal seal of root canal filling material is important for periapical health. Absorption of water or saliva by the temporary restorative materials leads to dimensional changes, loss of retention, staining and breaking in margin contours. Hence this study was carried out to evaluate and compare the sealing properties, water absorption and solubility of IRM (intermediate restorative material), Cavit G and GC Caviton.

Study design

Experimental, in vitro intergroup randomized control trial.

Material and methods

36 non carious premolars were randomly selected assigned to three groups, 12 teeth in each. Standard endodontic access cavities of approximately 4×4mm wide were prepared followed by the root canal obturation with Gutta-percha and restoration with experimental materials. For microleakage testing dye penetration method was used with 2% methylene blue dye. Followed by evaluation and scoring under stereomicroscope at 40x magnification.

Disc shaped 12 specimens for each group were prepared for each material, stored in desiccator at 37° C, weighed daily to verify mass stabilization (dry mass,m1). Thereafter, the specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 7days to obtain the mass after saturation with water (m2). The specimens were placed in the desiccators again, at 37° C, and reweighed until a constant dry mass is obtained (m3). Water absorption (WS) and solubility (SL) was determined by using the formulas, WS = m3 - m2/V and SL= m1 - m3/ V.

Results

GC Caviton showed least microleakage and least water absorption followed by IRM and Cavit G, the differences were statistically highly significant (p < 0.001) and there was no statistical difference found in all the groups with respect to solubility.

Conclusions

GC Caviton is best and suitable temporary restorative material in endodontic interappointments followed by IRM and Cavit G

How to cite this article

Prabhakar AR, Rani NS, Naik SV. Comparative Evaluation of Sealing Ability, Water Absorption, and Solubility of Three Temporary Restorative Materials: An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):136-141.
Antibacterial Inhibitory Effects of Punica Granatum Gel on Cariogenic Bacteria: An in vitro Study
Authors: Millo Grazielle , Juntavee Apa , Ratanathongkam Ariya , Nualkaew Natsajee , Jomjai Peerapattana, , Chatchiwiwattana Supaporn
Published: June 2017

Aim

This study evaluated the in vitro antibacterial effects of the formulated Punica granatum (PG) gel against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Lactobacillus casei.

Materials and methods

The PG extract was dissolved in water at 500 mg/mL. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for identification and quantification of chemical marker punicalagin. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and time-kill assay (TKA) were investigated. Antibacterial activities of the formulated PG gel, 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel and blank gel were tested by measuring the zones of inhibition through agar well diffusion method.

Results

The HPLC results showed presence of punicalagin at 2023.58 ± 25.29 μg/mL in the aqueous PG extract and at 0.234% (w/w) in the formulated PG gel. The MBC for S. mutans, S. Sanguinis, and L. casei were 250, 125, and 500 mg/mL respectively. The TKA of 500 mg/mL aqueous PG extract showed total inhibition of S. mutans, S. Sanguinis, and L. casei at 6, 1, and 24 hours contact time respectively. Agar well diffusion revealed that for S. mutans, CHX gel > PG gel > blank gel; for S. sanguinis, CHX gel = PG gel > blank gel; for L. casei, CHX gel > PG gel = blank gel. Comparison of the PG gel potency showed that S. sanguinis = S. mutans > L. casei.

Conclusion

The PG gel equivalent to 0.234% punicalagin (w/w) inhibited S. mutans and S. sanguinis but not L. casei within 24 hours incubation period and has the potential to be used for caries prevention.

How to cite this article

Millo G, Juntavee A, Ratanathongkam A, Nualkaew N, Peerapattana J, Chatchiwiwattana S. Antibacterial Inhibitory Effects of Punica Granatum Gel on Cariogenic Bacteria: An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):152-157.
Prevalence of Oral Complications occurring in a Population of Pediatric Cancer Patients receiving Chemotherapy
Authors: Datta Geetika , Saxena Tanvi , Datta Ankush G
Published: June 2017

Multiagent chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or a combination of both are the contemporary methods of cancer treatment. With medical advancements, though cure rates have increased considerably, focus is now shifted to the potential early and late complications of the same. The aim of this study was to assess the early oral complications in pediatric patients receiving chemotherapy. Sixty-two children with cancer undergoing chemotherapy with the mean age of 7.42 ± 3.6 years were included in the study. The various types of malignancies and oral problems during chemotherapy were recorded in the subjects. The most commonly encountered malignancy was acute lymphoblastic leukemia at 35.5%. Various oral and associated complications like mucosal inflammation with ulcerations, oral pain, xerostomia, and secondary infections were commonly seen, with mucositis being the most commonly observed complication in 58.1% of the subjects undergoing chemotherapy. Clinical importance of timely medical and dental interventions by a multidisciplinary team involving a pediatric dentist at different stages of anticancer treatment is also emphasized to minimize discomfort, increase treatment compliance, and improve the quality of life of pediatric patients.

How to cite this article:

Gandhi K, Datta G, Ahuja S, Saxena T, Datta AG. Prevalence of Oral Complications occurring in a Population of Pediatric Cancer Patients receiving Chemotherapy. Int Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):166-171.
Prevalence and associated Risk Factors of Severe Early Childhood Caries in 12- to 36-month-old Children of Sirmaur District, Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Mangla Ritu G , Kapur Raman , Dhindsa Abhishek
Published: June 2017

Aim

To assess the prevalence, distribution, and associated risk factors of severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) among 12- to 36-month-old children of district Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh, India.

Materials and methods

The present study was conducted on a random sample of 510 children, both boys and girls, between 12 and 36 months of age randomly selected from various government-sponsored day-care centers, private day-care centers, and vaccination centers. Caries was recorded using World Health Organization criteria. Statistical analysis was done by using chi-square test and Mann–Whitney test. A two-sided p value was calculated for each statistical test. Multiple logistic regressions were done to calculate the risk of S-ECC from independent variables.

Results

In the present study, S-ECC was found in 21% of 510, 12 to 36 months old children of Sirmaur district, Himachal Pradesh. The S-ECC was found to be significantly higher in 25 to 36 months old children's age group and was 27.8% in them as compared with 8% in 12 to 24 months old children.

Conclusion

Providing anticipatory guidance and education to parents is essential for the promotion of optimal oral health of their children. There is a need for moving upstream to propose and implement policies and programs to improve the oral health of the very young, especially in a developing country like India, which lacks much data on S-ECC.

How to cite this article

Mangla RG, Kapur R, Dhindsa A, Madan M. Prevalence and associated Risk Factors of Severe Early Childhood Caries in 12- to 36-month-old Children of Sirmaur District, Himachal Pradesh, India. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):183-187.
Soft Tissue Applications of Er,Cr:YSGG Laser in Pediatric Dentistry
Authors: Rehman Ferah , Chaturvedy Vivek
Published: June 2017

Soft tissue laser, such as diode and Nd:YAG lasers were initially used in soft tissue lesions because of its increased success rate. It was because of the fact that these lasers were well-absorbed by chromophores, such as hemoglobin and melanin which are found abundant in the oral mucosa. The introduction of erbium family in 1990 comprising the Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers made the hard tissue laser a boon for dentistry. Erbium, chromium-doped yttrium, scandium, gallium and garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) was introduced in 1997 for the surgical needs of clinical dentistry in general practice. The erbium belongs to the rare earth which is embedded in a host crystal. The actual lasing process takes place in the Er ion Er3+. Two host crystals consisting of yttrium, aluminum, and garnet (Y3A5O12) and yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet (Y3Sc2Ga3O12) are added to the erbium. The interest to use these hard tissue laser in the treatment of soft tissue lesion was because of the properties of these lasers which are well-absorbed by chromophore water apart from hydroxy appetite crystals. Erbium laser energy is absorbed by collagen, hydroxyapatite, and water components. It allows the laser to cut soft tissue, tooth structure, and bone. In the noncontact mode, the incision is scalpel-like, with very little hemostasis. In contact mode, it performs soft tissue sculpting with adequate hemostasis. The Er,Cr:YSGG is the world's most advanced dental laser, which is ideal all-tissue laser because all dental tissues contain water, for the multidisciplinary dentist who performs a broad spectrum of procedures. It delivers the highest level of clinician control, operating efficiency, flexibility in tip, and accessory selection. For optimal clinical results and patient comfort in hard and soft tissue procedures, the erbium lasers have set a new standard of clinical performance. The present case series aims to highlight the various soft tissue applications of Er,Cr:YSGG (Waterlase Biolase®, Biolase, Inc, San Clemente, California, USA) in pediatric patients.

How to cite this article

Kumar G, Rehman F, Chaturvedy V. Soft Tissue Applications of Er,Cr:YSGG Laser in Pediatric Dentistry. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):188-192.
Closing a Large Maxillary Median Diastema using Bapat Power Arm
Authors: Bapat Shirish M , Bandejiya Prashant
Published: June 2017

Aim

The aim of this study is to present a case of large maxillary median diastema closed by bodily movement of central incisors using Bapat power arm (BPA).

Materials and methods

After extraction of mesiodens, a power chain with a force of 120 gm was applied to BPA ligated to preadjusted edgewise brackets bonded to maxillary central incisors to move them over round steel wire for closure of resultant diastema. Bonded retainer was placed after the closure of median diastema.

Results

The median diastema was completely closed in 5 months period with almost bodily movement of incisors, which was confirmed by periapical X-ray.

Conclusion

Bapat power arm was efficient in closing diastema without any discomfort or injury and was well accepted by the patient.

How to cite this article

Bapat SM, Singh C, Bandejiya P. Closing a Large Maxillary Median Diastema using Bapat Power Arm. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):201-204.
Role of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Evaluation of Radicular Cyst mimicking Dentigerous Cyst in a 7-year-old Child: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Mahesh BS , Shastry Shilpa P , Murthy Padmashree S , Jyotsna TR
Published: June 2017

Aim

To report a rare case of large radicular cyst-associated deciduous tooth and to discuss the importance of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in diagnosing the condition.

Background

Radicular cyst is the most common cyst affecting the permanent teeth, but its occurrence in deciduous teeth is rare. Most of the radicular cysts are asymptomatic and are discovered accidentally when radiographs are taken. Conventional radiographs show two-dimensional images of three-dimensional objects. Cone beam computed tomography provides undistorted three-dimensional information of hard tissues and gives adequate spatial resolution.

Case report

A 7-year-old child, with a complaint of swelling in the maxillary anterior region, was diagnosed with radicular cyst in relation to primary maxillary right central incisor based on CBCT and histopathological features.

Conclusion and clinical significance

Early diagnosis and prompt treatment of radicular cyst in primary dentition is important to prevent damage to permanent tooth.

How to cite this article

Mahesh BS, Shastry SP, Murthy PS, Jyotsna TR. Role of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Evaluation of Radicular Cyst mimicking Dentigerous Cyst in a 7-year-old Child: A Case Report and Literature Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):213-216.
Multiple Bilateral Unerupted Supplemental Premolars: An Unusual Presentation in a Nonsyndromic Patient
Authors: Panda Suman , Ahmed Ather
Published: June 2017

Supernumerary teeth are one of the routinely encountered developmental disturbances representing one or more extra teeth in the jaws. These may resemble the teeth of the group to which it belongs, i.e., molars, premolars, or incisors, or it may bear little or no resemblance. Based on the morphologic appearance, it is classified as supplemental teeth or rudimentary teeth. The supplemental teeth are those that resemble the teeth to which it is associated and rudimentary teeth are those that do not resemble the teeth. Supplemental teeth, most of the times, are associated with syndromes and they can also be present in the absence of systemic pathology. Literature reveals predilection of the presence of supplemental premolars of 2:1 in males.

This is the case report of a 14-year-old male who presented with multiple unerupted bilateral supplemental premolars on both the arches.

How to cite this article

Satish V, Panda S, Maganur P, Ahmed A. Multiple Bilateral Unerupted Supplemental Premolars: An Unusual Presentation in a Nonsyndromic Patient. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):217-222.
Age Determination in Forensic Odontology
Authors: Prathap Divakar K
Published: June 2017

Age determination by means of assessment of the dentition is an application unique to forensic odontology. This process is especially relevant in those cases in which the rest of the skeletal remains are marred, as the tooth remains intact under adverse circumstances while the rest of the skeleton is obliter- ated. While the process remains complex, multiple methods have been devised to assess the dental age of an individual.

How to cite this article

Prathap DK. Age Determination in Foren- sic Odontology. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2017;7(1):21-24.
Technique of Fabrication of Definitive Hollow Obturator for Partial Maxillectomy Patient
Authors: Aras Meena A , Chitre Vidya , Parab Manjita M
Published: June 2017

Aim

Closed hollow obturators are often fabricated to provide adequate retention, stability and comfort for the patient.

Background

Rehabilitation of patient with maxillary obturator is the most common treatment option after maxillectomy. However, the heavy weight of obturator often leads to discomfort and problem in its retention.

Case report

This article presents rehabilitation of a patient after the surgical removal of desmoplastic ameloblastoma. It employs a simple procedure to create a closed hollow obturator with uniform and adequate thickness of prosthesis wall.

Conclusion

The technique offers advantage since it is easily fabricated with routinely used materials in a short time.

How to cite this article

Parab MM, Aras MA, Chitre V. Technique of Fabrication of Definitive Hollow Obturator for Partial Maxillectomy Patient. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2017;7(1):38-41.
Retrospective Analysis of Patients admitted to Emergency Dental Clinic of a Secondary Care Public Hospital in Turkey
Authors: Agmaz Onur , Acar Yahya A , Cevik Erdem , Uyguner Cem , Oral Baris E , Bal Cenkhan
Published: June 2017

Background

This study aims to evaluate dental emergency visits in a public hospital as the number of dental emergency visits has recently increased.

Materials and methods

This was a retrospective observational study. This study was approved by the local ethical committee and data were recorded from the dental emergency service record book between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2013.

Results

In total, 1,477 (4.01%) patients were admitted to emergency dentist services. Mean age was 24.59 ± 11.07 (min–max: 2–76) and 978 (66.2%) patients were between 19 and 35 years old. The most common diagnosis was pulpitis or periapical abscess (n = 1033, 69.9%) and the most common practice was the prescription of antibiotics and/or analgesics (n = 885, 59.9%).

Conclusion

The latest increase in the number of dental emergency visits is a burden, and emergency physicians must be capable of differentiating the real emergencies from common uncomplicated complaints.

How to cite this article

Agmaz O, Acar YA, Cevik E, Uyguner C, Oral BE, Bal C. Retrospective Analysis of Patients admitted to Emergency Dental Clinic of a Secondary Care Public Hospital in Turkey. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2017;6(1):14-16.
A Rare Case of Radicular Dens in Dente diagnosed by Clinical, Radiographic, Tomographic, and Histopathological Examinations
Authors: Carvalho Fabricio K de , Moreno Ana PD , León Jorge E , Zanella Eduardo P , de Queiroz Alexandra M , De Rossi Andiara
Published: June 2017

Dens invaginatus is a dental anomaly caused by an invagination of enamel that affects in most of the cases the crown of the tooth. The treatment depends on the degree of invagination and morphological involvement. This report describes a dental anomaly affecting the permanent lower lateral incisor of a 13-year-old patient, which resulted in swelling, pain, and dental impaction. The initial radiographic examination suggested a gemination, a fusion with a supernumerary tooth or a dens invaginatus extending to the root. For more accurate diagnosis and treatment plan of this anomaly, computed tomography scan was performed, which revealed the presence of enamel in the root. Due to pain and the impossibility of performing an orthodontic traction, the treatment of choice in this case was dental extraction. The final diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination and revealed the rare occurrence of a radicular dens invaginatus.

How to cite this article

Moreno APD, de Carvalho FK, de Queiroz AM, León JE, Zanella EP, De Rossi A. A Rare Case of Radicular Dens in Dente diagnosed by Clinical, Radiographic, Tomographic, and Histopathological Examinations. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2017;6(1):39-43.
Real-Time Hydraulic Interval State Estimation for Water Transport Networks: a Case Study
Authors: Vrachimis Stelios G. , Eliades Demetrios G. , Polycarpou Marios M.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Hydraulic state estimation in water distribution networks is the task of estimating water flows and pressures in the pipes and nodes of the network based on some sensor measurements. This requires a model of the network, as well as knowledge of demand outflow and tank water levels. Due to modeling and measurement uncertainty, standard state-estimation may result in inaccurate hydraulic estimates without any measure of the estimation error. This paper describes a methodology for generating hydraulic state bounding estimates based on interval bounds on the parametric and measurement uncertainties. The estimation error bounds provided by this method can be applied to estimate the unaccounted-for water in water distribution networks. As a case study, the method is applied to a transport network in Cyprus, using actual data in real-time.
Plume-SPH 1.0: A three-dimensional, dusty-gas volcanic plume model based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics
Authors: Cao Zhixuan , Patra Abani , Bursik Marcus , Pitman E. Bruce , Jones Matthew
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Plume-SPH provides the the first particle based simulation of volcanic plumes. SPH (smoothed particle hydrodynamics) has several advantages over currently used mesh based methods in modeling of multiphase free boundary flows like volcanic plumes. This tool will provide more accurate eruption source terms to users of VATDs (Volcanic ash transport and dispersion models) greatly improving volcanic ash forecasts. The accuracy of these terms is crucial for forecasts from VATDs and the 3D SPH model presented here will provide better numerical accuracy. As an initial effort to exploit the feasibility and advantages of SPH in volcanic plume modeling, we adopt a relatively simple physics model (3D dusty-gas dynamic model assuming well mixed eruption materiel and dynamic and thermodynamic equilibrium between air and erupted material and minimal effect of winds) targeted at capturing the salient features of a volcanic plume. The documented open source code is easily obtained and extended to incorporate other models of physics of interest to the large community of researchers investigating multiphase free boundary flows of volcanic or other origins. The Plume-SPH code also incorporates several newly developed techniques in SPH needed to address numerical challenges in simulating multiphase compressible turbulent flow. The code should thus be also of general interest to the much larger community of researchers using and developing SPH based tools. In particular, the SPH − ε turbulence model is to capture mixing at unresolved scales, heat exchange due to turbulence is calculated by a Reynolds analogy and a corrected SPH is used to handle tensile instability and deficiency of particle distribution near the boundaries.We also developed methodology to impose velocity inlet and pressure outlet boundary conditions, both of which are scarce in traditional implementations of SPH. The core solver of our model is parallelized with MPI (message passing interface) obtaining good weak and strong scalability using novel techniques for data management using a SFCs (space-filling curves) and object creation time based indexing and hash table based storage scheme. These techniques are of interest to researchers engaged in developing particle in cell type methods. The model is verified by comparing velocity and concentration distribution along the central axis and on the transverse cross with experimental results of JPUE (jet or plume that is ejected from a nozzle into a uniform environment) and the top height of the Pinatubo eruption of 15 June 1991. Our results are consistent with both observations and existing 3D plume models. Profiles of several integrated variables are compared with those calculated in existing 3D plume models, and further verify our model. Analysis of the plume evolution process illustrates that this model is able to reproduce the physics of plume development.
Disability, Participation and Apparel throughout the Life Course
Authors: Dimka Jessica , Kabel Allison , McBee-Black Kerri
Published: June 2017

There are a growing number of people living with disabilities (PLWD) throughout the life course and across the disability spectrum. While much attention has been paid to environmental barriers to social participation for PLWD, apparel-related barriers have been largely overlooked. We conducted an online survey of 110 PLWD to identify challenges to finding appropriate clothing and related concerns regarding social participation for members of different adult age categories. Survey results included (1) difficulties finding or purchasing appropriate clothing and some apparel-related barriers to participation were more frequently reported by respondents in older age groups and (2) the increase in complications were not simply directly associated with aging.
The Influence of Acetabular Morphology on Prediction of Proximal Femur Fractures Types in an Elderly Population
Authors: Tokyay Abbas , Güven Melih , Encan Mehmet E. , Okay Erhan , Akbaba Ozgur
Published: June 2017

Introduction

The role of proximal femur morphology to the development of certain proximal femur fracture types both femoral neck and trochanteric fractures has been observed. However, the relavance of acetabular morphology to the development of proximal femur fractures is not extensively questioned. Therefore the aim of the study was to determine whether there is a correlation between acetabular morphology and pathogenesis of 2 different hip fracture types after low energy trauma.

Methods

This retrospective study includes 60 cases (41 women, 19 men) with a proximal femoral fracture after a low energy trauma between July 2012 and December 2014. Acetabular depth and acetabular index were measured on pelvic radiographs. Neck shaft angle, hip axis length and cortical index were measured on pelvic computed tomography scans. All measurements were performed on the contralateral hip.

Results

Mean age was 77.56 ± 8.99 years (range 61-92 years). No statistically significant difference was found with regard to neck shaft angle, acetabular depth or cortical index measurements between patients with femoral neck fracture and patients with trochanteric femoral fractures (p>0.05). Acetabular index measurement was higher (p = 0.001) and hip axis length measurement was lower (p = 0.001) in trochanteric fracture group as compared to femoral neck fracture.

Conclusions

The rate of trochanteric femur fractures is higher in patients with high acetabular index, whereas the rate of femoral neck fractures is higher in patients with increased hip axis length.
Combined Anteversion Technique in Total Hip Arthroplasty for Crowe IV Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Authors: Zhu Biao , Su Changzheng , He Yeteng , Chai Xingyu , Li Zhen , Hou Zhenyang , Lou Tengteng , Yan Xinfeng
Published: June 2017

Background

A high rate of postoperative dislocation in total hip arthroplasty (THA) for Crowe IV developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) has been reported, 1 of the main reasons being higher true acetabular anteversion. If the cup is fixed with normal anteversion, the anterior rim will be excessively exposed, which reduces the contact areas of the cup and bone, affects prosthesis stability, and leads to iliopsoas tendinitis and persistent hip pain after THA. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that when cup anteversion is larger, adjusting femoral anteversion to bring the combined anteversion (CA) into the “safe zone” might prevent dislocation.

Methods

After having fixed the cup in the acetabulum according to the patients’ native acetabular anteversion, we shortened and rotated the proximal femur to reduce femoral anteversion, adjusting the CA into the “safe zone”. The Harris Hip Score (HHS) was used to evaluate hip joint function. Computerised tomography scanning was used to measure the anteversion angles.

Results

All patients were followed up without any dislocation. Preoperative and 12 months after surgery, the mean HHS were 43.3 ± 2.6 (38-47) and 88.1 ± 3.3 (78-92) respectively. Pre- and post-operation, the mean CA angles were 88.6° ± 9.4° (80.3°-119.4°) and 49.2° ± 2.6° (43.4°-54.4°) respectively. The bone healing time of femoral osteotomy ranged from 4 to 14 months, with a mean time of 7.5 months.

Conclusions

This CA technique in THA for Crowe IV DDH can effectively prevent postoperative dislocation and provide good hip function.
A Retained Stitch in Time Saves 9 - But Does it Increase the Risk of Deep Prosthetic Infection?
Authors: Akinola Bola , Quansah Ben , Gouliouris Theodore , Carrothers Andrew D.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

During the posterior approach to the hip, the short external rotators are detached and secured with stay sutures. At the time of definitive closure, some surgeons incorporate the initial sutures into their repair while others discard for fresh sutures, presumably as an infection prevention measure. We have conducted a pilot study to investigate whether the incorporation of the primary stay sutures may constitute an infection risk to the patient undergoing a total hip replacement through the posterior approach.

Materials and methods

The pilot study was conducted between August 2014 and June 2015. A pair of suture specimens were sent from 25 patients to microbiology, 1 set of primary stay sutures and 1 set of control sutures. All operations were carried out by the senior author through a posterior approach.

Results

All specimens were analysed for bacterial and fungal growth, using extended cultures. 1 set of primary sutures had a positive growth, likely from skin contamination; 1 set of control sutures also had a positive growth, likely from environmental contamination.

Conclusions

Our pilot study suggests that the practice of incorporating the primary stay sutures for definitive soft tissue repair of the short external rotators, rather than exchanging them for new sutures, can be deemed safe.
Does gender influence how patients rate their patient experience after total hip arthroplasty?
Authors: Delanois Ronald E. , Gwam Chukwuweike U. , Mistry Jaydev B. , Chughtai Morad , Khlopas Anton , Yakubek George , Ramkumar Prem N. , Piuzzi Nicolas S. , Mont Michael A.
Published: June 2017

Background:

Patient satisfaction, as measured by Press Ganey (PG) surveys, partially determines reimbursement rates. Knowing what influences these scores can lead to higher reimbursement for total hip arthroplasty (THA) surgeons. Currently, it is unknown whether gender biases exist in satisfaction surveys post-THA. Therefore, we asked: (i) which PG survey factors most influence hospital ratings among men and women after THA; and (ii) is there a difference in survey element responses and overall hospital ratings between men and women post-THA?

Methods:

We queried the PG database for patients who underwent THA from November 2009 to January 2015, which yielded 692 patients (277 men, 415 women). Weighted means were analysed for the scores of PG domains between men and women. A multiple regression analysis was performed for each gender, with overall hospital satisfaction as the dependent variable, in order to assess the influence (β-weight) of each PG domain.

Results:

For men, pain management (β = 0.317, p = 0.021) most influenced overall hospital rating. For women, staff responsiveness (β = 0.451, p<0.001) most influenced overall hospital rating. This was followed by communication with nurses (β = 0.373, p<0.001), and doctors (β = 0.236, p = 0.002). There were no significant differences in mean overall hospital rating between groups.

Conclusions:

It is advantageous for orthopaedic surgeons to focus on the PG domains most pertinent to each patient gender post-THA. Focusing efforts based on gender may allow for better patient satisfaction, optimised reimbursements, and improved hospital ratings.
MRI of the Hip: Current Concepts on Bone Marrow Oedema
Authors: Klontzas Michail E. , Zibis Aristeidis H. , Vassalou Evangelia E. , Karantanas Apostolos H.
Published: June 2017

Bone marrow oedema (BME) is commonly found in hip MR imaging. BME is a nonspecific finding which can be related to a wide variety of diseases. However, there are cases where its existence or its pattern can narrow the differential or even point to a specific diagnosis. Therefore, deep understanding of its pathophysiology is of utmost importance for clinicians and radiologists in order to avoid diagnostic pitfalls. We hereby present currently established knowledge on BME related to adult hip pathology, aiming to raise physicians’ suspicion and to highlight that it is mandatory to combine specific imaging patterns with the history, clinical and laboratory findings in order to achieve accurate diagnosis.
Factor Analysis of Key Success Indicators in Curriculum Quality Assurance Operation for Bachelor’s Degree in Physical Education
Authors: Sukdee Thitipong , Tornee Songpol , Kraipetch Chanita
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors of key success indicators in curriculum quality assurance operation for bachelor’s degree in Physical Education. The 576 subjects were selected using cluster sampling from curriculum lecturers, staffs, and lecturers at the Academy of Physical Education Curriculum. The instrument was a related questionnaire with a 1-5 rating scale. The data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with principal component analysis and orthogonal rotation by the Promax method.The results of the study revealed that there were four factors influencing key success indicators in curriculum quality assurance operation for bachelor’s degree in Physical Education, sorted by priority. The four factors are: 1) learning management and student assessment components, 2) student potential improvement components, 3) quality of lecturer components, and 4) system and mechanism of curriculum administration. Generally, the obtained factors accounted for 70.166 percent of key success indicators in curriculum quality assurance operation for bachelor’s degree in Physical Education.