bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolución de la microbiota en un aula de farmacia pre y post primera oleada de la pandemia COVID-19
Authors: Mateos Pedro F. , Alonso María , Sánchez-Juanes Fernando
Published: May 2022

La microbiota varía con el tiempo, por ello durante el curso académico 2019-20, coincidiendo con la pandemia SARS-COV-2, se evaluó la evolución de la misma en un aula de la Facultad de Farmacia de la Universidad de Salamanca con la espectrometría de masas Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight. Además, se comparó con otros estudios, así como con las directrices de la Comisión de la Comunidad Europea de calidad del aire de interiores.

Tras el estudio se concluyó que dicha aula presentaba un grado de contaminación muy bajo, y que la mayoría de la microbiota era saprofítica. Asimismo, de forma general se puede concluir que de forma cuantitativa los hongos y de forma cuali-cuantitativa las bacterias no presentaban un riesgo para la salud.

Por otro lado, entre las variables más importantes encontramos la afluencia de personas, la frecuencia de limpieza y la ventilación. Finalmente, este estudio recoge la poca normativa que existe sobre la calidad del aire en interiores no industriales y no hospitalarios.
Biographical Archaeology: The Nazi Roots of Erasmus Reichel, life in Austria (1912-1933)
Authors: Oyuela-Caycedo Augusto
Published: May 2022

Este artículo presenta una síntesis biográfica de la vida de Erasmus Reichel, más conocido como Gerardo Reichel-Dolmatoff, durante su periodo de vida en Austria (1912-1933. Una prospección de este periodo, permita entender los cambios en su vida y efectos que pudo tener ese pasado en la agenda de su monumental producción académica. Para lograr eso, es necesario excavar ese pasado, mucho antes de convertirse en una figura reconocida a nivel mundial por su contribución a la antropología en el campo de la etnografía y arqueología. Metodológicamente, se emplea una aproximación desde la arqueología filosófica, usando documentos y testimonios de la época que permiten entender el contexto familiar y personal de Erasmus. El objetivo es dilucidad el proceso de su inserción y participación en el Nazismo Austriaco.
Introducción Dossier Patrimonio y Desarrollo Social II
Authors: Vergara Durán Ricardo Adrián
Published: May 2022

Introducción al segundo dossier sobre patrimonio y desarrollo social del Doctorado en Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad del Norte.
Transición a la universidad de estudiantes migrantes internos en Chile: Experiencias en un escenario de triple ruptura
Authors: Goñi Fernanda , Moraga Catalina , Sanhueza Macarena , Catalán Ximena , Cruz María Soledad , Gallardo Gonzalo , Veliz Daniela
Published: May 2022

Quienes migran para cursar sus estudios superiores, enfrentan condiciones potencialmente influyentes en su ajuste a la universidad. Resulta necesario conocer qué barreras específicas enfrentan los estudiantes migrantes internos, para así diseñar políticas y estrategias institucionales de soporte. Este documento brinda evidencias para la comprensión del proceso de transición a la vida universitaria de estudiantes migrantes internos en Chile mediante un proceso de intervalidación de dos estudios de carácter exploratorio, orientados a conocer desde la perspectiva de los propios migrantes tanto sus vivencias de desplazamiento como de transición a la universidad. Desde los testimonios, se identifican experiencias compartidas entre los estudiantes migrantes internos, destacando la triple ruptura experimentada (cambio de ciudad, de lugar de estudios y de residencia). Culminando este proceso, los estudiantes reportaron percibir mayor independencia, autorregulación y autoconocimiento. Junto con discutir estos elementos, este documento ofrece orientaciones de política universitaria basadas en los hallazgos identificados, así como también aspectos a explorar para la comprensión de estos procesos en indagaciones futuras.
Introduction to the special issue: Student experience in Latin American higher education
Authors: Santelices Maria Veronica , Celis Sergio
Published: May 2022

In this introduction, the guest editors present an overview of the 11 articles that make up the special issue on student experience in Latin American higher education. The introduction provides context about the higher education sector in Latin America, draws attention to the main features of the articles, and highlights common themes across them. The guest editors also comment on the parallels and contrasts with the student experience discussed by the literature from other geographical locations. Based on the preparation and publication of the special issue, suggestions for further research are provided.
Reduziert erwerbsbedingte Multilokalität das zivilgesellschaftliche Engagement? Ergebnisse für Deutschland anhand von quantitativen und qualitativen Daten
Authors: Rüger Heiko , Greinke Lena , Skora Thomas
Published: May 2022

This paper is based on an investigation of the impact of taking up a work-related multi-local lifestyle on civic involvement based on quantitative and qualitative data using a methodological triangulation. Following theoretical considerations based on the civic voluntarismmodel, the resources-centered model, and the “commuter’s strain hypothesis”, a negative influence of the multi-local lifestyle on civic involvement is expected. Periodic presence and absence at the place of origin and destination, as well as associated reduced time and psychological resources, are hypothesized to be the central theoretical mechanisms of influence explaining the negative relationship. The quantitative investigation is based on fixedeffects panel regressions applied to longitudinal data from the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). The qualitative investigation is based on problem-centred, guided interviews conducted in a case study analysis in the rural district of Diepholz in Lower Saxony, Germany. The quantitative analyses indicate a significant negative effect of multi-locality on involvement and show that the strongest reduction in involvement temporally occurs with the start of multi-local living. The qualitative analyses confirm this finding and show that the postulated theoreticalmechanisms represent a central explanatory factor of the reduced involvement resulting from multi-locality.
Effect of Monetary Policy on Government Spending Multiplier
Authors: Han Jong-Suk , Hur Joonyoung
Published: May 2022

This paper empirically examines the effect of monetary policy on the government spending multiplier when the nominal interest rate is not bound to zero. We estimate a time-varying coefficient vector autoregressive (TVC-VAR) model using 2000:Q1 to 2019:Q3 quarterly data of Korea, whose policy rate is distant from zero. We find a substantial degree of time variation in the medium-run government spending multipliers, which increase over time and become statistically different from zero throughout the 2010s. Yet the reverse pattern is observed in the policy rate responses to government spending shocks, decreasing gradually until 2008–09 and then stagnating for the subsequent period. Decompositions of the policy rate responses reveal that inflation is an important ingredient in determining the responses of the nominal interest rate to government spending shocks, and thus has a critical impact on the size of government spending multipliers. In particular, our finding underscores a substantial role of the monetary policy stance against inflation in shaping government spending multipliers.
“Our show is so twisted”: comparing impoliteness in Taiwan and Mainland China talk shows
Authors: Lee Cher Leng , Zhu Daoning
Published: May 2022

Impoliteness has been a focus of recent research with more emphasis placed on context, situated evaluations and social action. Although talk shows are not the same as everyday conversations, the use of impoliteness to entertain is often an intentional part of the format. This paper uses Chinese talk shows to examine the subtle differences in impoliteness of talk shows in the different Chinese contexts. We compare one TV talk show in Taiwan (Kangxi Laile), and the other in Mainland China (Huahua Wanwu), both with the same hosts and similar program formats, to examine how impoliteness is shown at personal, relational, and group levels. Comparing how this is done in different contexts will help us better understand what is acceptable and what is not in different Chinese communities, as each community is different given the different historical, political, and sociological backgrounds, which will lead to different manifestations of (im)politeness.
How ethnic groups and clan systems influence humor styles: evidence from indigenous students in Taiwan
Authors: Tsai Meng-Hua , Chen Hsueh-Chih , Chang Jen-Ho , Chang Yu-Lin , Chien Hsin-Ying
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study is to compare the differences in humor styles between indigenous and Han Chinese populations in Taiwan. The differences in humor styles between clan systems (patriarchy or matriarchy) within indigenous people were further examined. A total of 442 indigenous students and 1,040 Han Chinese students (M
age = 12.88) in Taiwan were recruited. The Chinese version of the Humor Styles Questionnaire was applied. The following are the main findings. (1) Indigenous students use positive humor (affiliative and self-enhancing humor) more often than do Han students. (2) Indigenous girls in matriarchal societies use aggressive humor more often than do indigenous girls in patriarchal societies. (3) Indigenous boys use aggressive humor more often than do girls in patriarchal societies. However, such evidence was lacking in matriarchal societies. From the perspective of social constructions, the present findings reconfirm the effect of social status on humor.
Phosphorylated nata de banana as polymer electrolyte membrane in fuel cells
Authors: Rahmawati Sitti , Sepriyani Ira , Ningsih Purnama , Muhammad Diah Anang Wahid
Published: May 2022

The objective of this study was to prepare and characterize nata de banana (NDB) and phosphorylated nata de banana (NDBP) membranes for use in fuel cells as polymer electrolyte membranes. Banana peel juice was fermented with Acetobacter xylinum and subsequently molded into a nata de banana membrane in this study. This membrane was phosphorylated by adding various quantities of phosphoric acid solution to it (1.5 M, 2 M, and 2.5 M). Several approaches were used to characterize these membranes, including functional group analysis using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, ion exchange capacity (IEC), swelling degree (%SI), mechanical properties, and morphological characterization using a scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray analyser. The results showed that NDBP has a higher ion exchange capacity and degree of swelling than NDB, and that the optimum membrane condition is 2 M phosphoric acid, with a 5.14 m Eq g−1 ion exchange capacity and a 19.06 % swelling index. The cross-section of the NDB and NDBP membranes had a regular and good structure of the cellulose fiber pattern, according to morphological examination. Using a scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray analyser, the phosphorus levels were identified in modest amounts (approximately 0.5 %). This also suggests that the phosphorylation event on the membrane of the nata de banana was successful. It can be inferred that electrolyte membranes can be manufactured using environmentally benign natural resources. The phosphorylated nata de banana membrane can be employed as a polymer electrolyte membrane in a fuel cell, according to these findings.
AICAR promotes endothelium-independent vasorelaxation by activating AMP-activated protein kinase via increased ZMP and decreased ATP/ADP ratio in aortic smooth muscle
Authors: Pyla Rajkumar , Hartney Thomas J. , Segar Lakshman
Published: May 2022

Objectives

AICAR, an adenosine analog, has been shown to exhibit vascular protective effects through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). However, it remains unclear as to whether adenosine kinase-mediated ZMP formation or adenosine receptor activation contributes to AICAR-mediated AMPK activation and/or vasorelaxant response in vascular smooth muscle.

Methods and Results

In the present study using endothelium-denuded rat aortic ring preparations, isometric tension measurements revealed that exposure to 1 mM AICAR for 30 min resulted in inhibition of phenylephrine (1 μM)-induced smooth muscle contractility by ∼35%. Importantly, this vasorelaxant response by AICAR was prevented after pretreatment of aortic rings with an AMPK inhibitor (compound C, 40 µM) and adenosine kinase inhibitor (5-iodotubercidin, 1 µM), but not with an adenosine receptor blocker (8-sulfophenyltheophylline, 100 µM). Immunoblot analysis of respective aortic tissues showed that AMPK activation seen during vasorelaxant response by AICAR was abolished by compound C and 5-iodotubercidin, but not by 8-sulfophenyltheophylline, suggesting ZMP involvement in AMPK activation. Furthermore, LC–MS/MS MRM analysis revealed that exposure of aortic smooth muscle cells to 1 mM AICAR for 30 min enhanced ZMP level to 2014.9 ± 179.4 picomoles/mg protein (vs. control value of 8.5 ± 0.6; p<0.01), which was accompanied by a significant decrease in ATP/ADP ratio (1.08 ± 0.02 vs. 2.08 ± 0.06; p<0.01).

Conclusions

Together, the present findings demonstrate that AICAR-mediated ZMP elevation and the resultant AMPK activation in vascular smooth muscle contribute to vasorelaxation.
Antimicrobials in COVID-19: strategies for treating a COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Shukla Ajay Kumar , Misra Saurav
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to pose a serious global challenge, with the world engulfed in fighting second, third and fourth waves of the disease, which is reaching scary proportions in terms of cases and mortality in countries like India. Despite the urgent need of proven management protocols, there is still confusion about the best practices for treating COVID-19 with different pharmaceutical interventions. Antimicrobials are empirically used in COVID-19 patients. During the initial phase of this pandemic, hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin, azithromycin and doxycycline were widely suggested for possible prophylaxis or treatment for COVID-19 in outpatient as well as hospitalized settings. Various national and international guidelines recommended its use. However, cumulative evidence from subsequent clinical trials has revealed no significant clinical benefits in any setting, with the risk of adverse effects being high particularly in combination with azithromycin. Yet, there is continued use of antimicrobials particularly in outpatient settings which should be avoided because there is no justifiable rationale for doing so. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) was one of the top problems for global public health before the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic began. AMR, which is already a difficult problem, must now be handled in the context of a changing healthcare sector.
Effect of pre-slaughter weight on morphological composition of pig carcasses
Authors: Mykhalko Oleksandr , Povod Mykola , Verbelchuk Tetyana , Shcherbyna Olena , Susol Ruslan , Kirovich Natalia , Riznychuk Igor
Published: May 2022

To achieve the goals of our study, we investigated the relationship between morphological composition of pig carcasses and their pre-slaughter weight. In this research, 60 pigs were reared for fattening under the identical conditions of keeping and feeding, then slaughtered and sampled with pre-slaughter weight 110 and 120 kg. The content of meat, fat, and bones and their ratio in carcasses were evaluated. The probable influence of the factor of pre-slaughter weight on the share of meat in certain parts of the carcass is established 61.96% for the cervical-scapular third, 62.21% for the lumbosacral third, and 96.57% for the pelvic-femoral thirds. It has been found that in pigs at slaughter weight 120 kg for each additional increase in fat content by 1.0 kg, the meat content was proportionally insufficient by 0.43 kg in the cervical-scapular third and by 0.39 kg in the pelvic-femoral third of the carcass. In peers weighing 110 kg, each additional 1 kg of fat did not allow to gain 0.72 kg of meat in the cervical-scapular third of the carcass. The study shows that pigs fattening up to 110 kg of its carcass is more sensitive (44.99%) to changes in meat–fat ratios in the cervical-scapular third, which allows more targeted formation of the characteristics of semi-finished products of this part at this stage. Slaughter weight management can improve the quality of pork.
Hot deformation behavior and microstructure of a 0.5 wt% graphene nanoplatelet reinforced aluminum composite
Authors: Lou Shumei , Li Xin , Guo Guangxin , Ran Lingwei , Liu Yongqiang , Zhang Pingping , Su Chunjian
Published: May 2022

Through hot compression experiments at temperatures ranging from 603 to 723 K and strain rates ranging from 0.01 to 10 s−1, the hot deformation behavior of a 0.5 wt% graphene nanoplatelet-reinforced aluminum (0.5 wt% GNP/Al) composite prepared by the powder metallurgy method was studied. The constitutive equations obtained by mathematical models and a neural network were evaluated. The deformation property of the composite can be better described by the Johnson–Cook (JC) constitutive model optimized by establishing a relationship between the coefficient and variables obtained in the hot compression test, with a correlation coefficient (R) reaching 99.97% with the average relative error of 0.37% (98.1 and 4.17%, respectively, before optimization). Compared with the JC model, the neural network has perfect calculation accuracy and whole-process effectiveness, providing expanded and more accurate constitutive equations for subsequent simulations and for building the dynamic recrystallization model of the composite. The dynamic recrystallization model, hot processing map, and EBSD results are in agreement with each other and indicate that the optimal strain rate and temperature range of the composite are 0.01–0.1 s−1 and 693–723 K, respectively.
The rhetorical dimension of images: identity building and management on social networks
Authors: D’Armenio Enzo
Published: May 2022

This article proposes a semio-rhetorical epistemology for visual documents, one capable of accounting for both their internal configuration, which we shall call the compositional dimension, and their persuasive force within public space, or their rhetorical dimension. The field of reference will be that of identity-related images on social networks, because compared to other kinds of images, such as artistic or professional ones, they adopt new compositional solutions and new dynamics of circulation. To test this theoretical framework, we will conduct an analysis which has never been carried out in semiotics and which, as far as we know, remains very rare even in the overall field of visual studies, that is, the analysis of the profile of an Instagram influencer’s visual production, that of Canadian artist Rupi Kaur. Taking into account the flow of images shared over time, we will focus primarily on the compositional dimension that articulates the specificity of the language of images. The most appropriate model for investigating social network photos seems to be that of the portrait, thanks to which we will identify a first series of regularities and deviations. Secondly, we will turn towards the rhetorical dimension – the persuasive strategies found within, through, and towards images – focusing on the analysis of a single photo: on the one hand, it is a shot which presents greater compositional richness than others; on the other hand, it has greatly impacted the notoriety of the influencer, due to the censorship incurred on Instagram, its abundant coverage by traditional media, and the heated debate it triggered on social media. We will thus propose a reinterpretation of Paul Ricœur’s theory of identity in order to balance the rhetorical and the compositional dimensions through a unitary theoretical hypothesis. Visual identity on social networks is always the result of a negotiation between two opposite tendencies: on the one hand, the experiential pressure expressed through images related to the body and everyday practices; on the other, the algorithmic pressure due to the delegation of the management of identity to software. The case of Rupi Kaur is a rare example of a critical mediation between these two pressures and helps us build a methodology for the examination of images belonging to other social domains.
Calibration method of ultra-low emission particulate concentration measurement by light scattering method
Authors: Hui Lifeng
Published: May 2022

To reduce the error caused by optical device pollution and background value drift in the measurement process of ultra-low emission particulate concentration by light scattering method, an on-line calibration method which can realize self-check and full-range calibration was put forward. The single light source spectral method was used to set up calibration light path, through a strong emphasis on technology achieving light signal extraction. The calibration effect was evaluated based on the dust tunnel system. The results show that the light intensity-modulated technique can significantly improve the measurement accuracy of low concentration particles compared with the constant light intensity technology. When the concentration of particles to be measured is higher than 500 μg/m³, the relative error between the measurement results of the experimental prototype and those of the filter membrane weighing method is less than 10 %. The optimal calibration period of the measuring instrument is 3 hours. When the variation deviation from the calibration light intensity of light intensity modulation is less than 2 %, the relative error between the particle concentration measurement result and the filter membrane weighing method is less than 10 %.
Coloman, the King of Galicia
Authors: Font Márta
Published: May 2022

The date and location of Coloman’s coronation is not once mentioned in the known sources, yet, it is undoubted that it happened, even certain circumstances of it are known thanks to four charters: two letters of Andrew II written to Pope Innocent III, a diploma of Honorius III and a donation of the Hungarian sovereign given to Demeter of the Aba genus, one of the officials of the newly crowned Coloman. The last two sources were issued long after the events (in 1222 and 1234), they do not reveal the location or the date, yet, they confirm the fact of the enthronement. The author analyses the information of abovementioned four charters concerning thé Coloman’s coronation and also the question about thé coronation of Saloméa, Coloman’s Polish wife.
The Concepts of Universal Monarchy and Balance of Power in Charles Davenant’s An Essay Upon The Ballance of Power (1701)
Authors: Schvéd Brigitta Kinga
Published: May 2022

In the 17th century – especially in the period after the Peace of Westphalia (1648) – more and more treatises were published about the European balance of power, which clearly appeared against the concept of universal monarchy (monarchia universalis) by this time. The balance of power principle became a prominent element of 18th-century state politics and political journalism, as well as one of the key concepts of the emerging theory of interstate relations. The term became part of the official language of diplomacy with the Peace of Utrecht (1713), becoming part not only of political thought, but also of the official political practice, and developed into one of the fundamental milestones of English foreign policy and political thought in the 18th centuries. This paper analyses the contemporary incorporation of the balance of power concept into English political thought with the analysis of English economist and political writér Charles Davenant’s (1656–1714) An Essay Upon The Ballance of Power (1701). The analysis is trying to point out how the principle of balance of power began to play an increasingly important role in European great power politics as well as in English domestic and foreign policy in the decades before the Peace of Utrecht (1713), and how Charles Davenant’s political pamphlet can fit in this context.
Exploring the potential of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) flour as a fat mimetic in biscuits with improved physicochemical and nutritional characteristics and anti-diabetic properties
Authors: Ghufran Saeed Syed Muhammad , Ali Syed Arsalan , Ali Rashida , Sayeed Syed Asad , Mobin Lubna
Published: May 2022

Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) is a naturally rich source of several phytochemicals that play a vital role in the prevention of diseases. In the present study, the effect of bottle gourd flour (BGF) as a fat mimetic in biscuits at different concentrations (10, 15, 20, 25, and 50% w/w) was explored. Rheological properties, the microstructure of dough, bioactive compounds, anti-diabetic potential, storage stability, and the nutritional, physical, and sensory properties of samples were investigated. The addition of BGF in wheat flour (WF) showed increased water absorption (58.70–72.43%) and reduced dough stability time (11.71–5.01 min). Trough (1165.11–1096.10 Torque) and set back viscosities (471.21–448.09 Torque) decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) with the increased level of BGF in WF. Furthermore, gluten content was also reduced. The baking process decreased the IC50 values, although total phenol content and total flavonoid content decreased. Shelf life study of 2 months revealed no significant (P ≤ 0.05) difference in bioactive compounds, and alpha-amylase inhibition activity of fat-replaced biscuits. Moreover, the anti-hyperglycemic activity of BGF-WF biscuits in human subjects also showed positive results. The percentage increase in both peroxide value (0.2–2.87 milliequivalent O2/kg of fat) and free fatty acid (0.1–0.9%) during storage was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower than control biscuits (0.9–5.53 mill-equivalent O2/kg of fat and 0.2–1.1%), which correlates to the enhanced activity of bioactive compounds in BGF-WF biscuits, which in turn relates to decreasing the rate of oxidation. The crude fiber and protein contents of BGF-WF biscuits were improved from 0.21 to 17.30% and 11.20 to 18.70%, respectively. Sensory and textural performance exhibited that the biscuits were acceptable after fat replacement of up to 15% BGF. Based on this study, BGF may be suggested as an excellent natural fat replacer to be used in nutraceuticals and functional foods.
Considering the effect of dustiness of a photovoltaic module surfaces on solar power generation by matlab software
Authors: Shevchenko S.Yu. , Danylchenko D.O. , Bilyk S.Yu. , Potryvai A.E. , Kovtun G.A.
Published: May 2022

Purpose. Improving the simulation model of a solar power plant by creating a block model for accounting for dustiness of the surface of photovoltaic modules when calculating the efficiency of electric power generation by a solar power plant.

Methodology. Use of statistical data processing methods and modeling in the structure of Matlab tools.

Findings. A mathematical model was created, which made it possible to take into account the influence of dustiness of the surface of photovoltaic modules on the efficiency of electric power generation by a solar power station. The model was tested on the real object and the accuracy of modeling was  proved.

Originality. The scientific novelty is to create mathematical models that describe the effect of dust on the surface of photovoltaic modules on the efficiency of solar station generation based on the Bouguer-Lambert-Behr law, the blocks of precipitation influence on dust were developed, and the rate of dust accumulation was corrected by taking into account the air humidity.

Practical value. The obtained results will help to improve the accuracy of modeling of all types of photovoltaic systems. These models can be used as the formation of commercial proposals with more accurate schedules of electric power generation, which can significantly increase the accuracy of the choice of rated capacity of equipment.
Customers’ Technology Acceptance of Mobile Applications for Personalized Healthcare
Authors:   The Univerisity of Sheffield International Faculty- CITY College, Dimitrova Rositsa , Ketikidis Panayiotis H. ,   City College, International Faculty of the University of Sheffield
Published: May 2022

In line with the global trend towards mobile technologies and the increased interest in personalized healthcare solutions various mobile applications for personalized healthcare have been created. The acceptance rate is lower than accepted and existing academic research reveals the need for further examination of the factors motivating people to use such applications. The present study, based on the Extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) model, examines the extent of the influence of price value, social influence, hedonic motivation and performance expectancy on the behavioural intention of end customers to use mobile health applications. The moderating factors age, gender and experience are also assessed. A survey was conducted among 123 residents of Bulgaria, aged 18-50, who are actively using smart phones. The researcher discovered that performance expectancy, followed by hedonic motivation, are the factors with the strongest influence on the individuals’ decision to use mobile health applications
Cancer patients´ information seeking behaviour related to online electronic healthcare records
Authors:   University of Skövde, Rexhepi Hanife , Huvila Isto ,   Department of ALM, Uppsala University; Information Studies, Åbo Akademi University, Åhlfeldt Rose-Mharie ,   School of Informatics, University of Skövde, Cajander Åsa
Published: May 2022

Patients’ online access to their EHR together with the rapid proliferation of medical information on the Internet has changed the way patients use information to learn about their health. It is well documented that patients often turn to the Internet to find information about their health. However, little is known about patients´ information seeking behaviour when using online EHRs. By using information horizons as an analytical tool this paper aims to investigate the information behaviour of cancer patients who have chosen to view their EHRs (readers) and to those who have not made that option (non-readers). Thirty interviews were conducted with patients. Based on information horizons, it seems that non-reading is associated with living in a narrower information world in comparison to readers. The findings do not suggest that the smallness would be a result of an active avoidance of information, or that it would be counter-productive for the patients.
Fine-grained text simplification in French: steps towards a better grammaticality
Authors:   CNRS, Univ.Lille, Koptient Anaïs , Grabar Natalia ,   CNRS, Univ. Lille
Published: May 2022

The question on easy access to medical and health information by patients has attracted attention of the society and researchers. It has been indeed observed that poor understanding of medical and health information by patients may be harmful for their healthcare process. We assume that simplification and adaptation of technical documents may provide a solution to this situation. While the dedicated guidelines to the simplification summarize different kinds of criteria to consider, actually, it is still difficult to respect all these criteria. Usually, automatic systems for text simplification address some lexical or syntactic transformations. Besides, little work is done on simplification and adaptation of medical and health texts. We propose to combine lexical and syntactic simplification within a rulebased system, and to make it more fine-grained through additional processing. More particularly, we consider transformation of passive sentences into active sentences, and we control the grammatical concordance within sentences. We work with technical medical documents in French. The results are mainly evaluated according to the three measures specifically dedicated to the simplification: semantics, simplicity and grammaticality.
Hydrographic station data : Caribbean Sea, Atlantis II cruise 78 and Knorr cruise 37
Authors: Metcalf William G. , Stalcup Marvel C. , Zemanovic Marguerite E.
Published: May 2022

During Cruise 37 of the Research Vessel KNORR,91 hydrographic stations were occupied,most of them in the general area of the Windward Passage, eastern Cayman Basin, Mona Passage and across the Caribbean Sea from Puerto Rico to Venezuela. Vertical profiles of potential temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and dissolved silicate are presented. The data lists include, in addition to the observed parameters, such computed values as pressure, potential temperature, potential density, specific volume anomaly, sound velocity, dynamic height, potential energy, Vaisala frequency and Vaisala period. Also included in the data lists are 28 hydrographic stations occupied during November 1973 on Cruise 78 of the Research Vessel ATIANTIS II in the Windward Passage, Central Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean just east of the Lesser Antilles.
COOPERAÇÃO, COMPETIÇÃO E O PROCESSO LEGISLATIVO: SOBRE A PROIBIÇÃO DAS FACÇÕES EM ROUSSEAU*
Authors: Reis Claudio Araujo
Published: May 2022

RESUMO Este texto pretende discutir a célebre restrição imposta às sociedades parciais no Capítulo III do Livro II do Contrato social. Defende-se a hipótese de que essa proibição pode frutiferamente ser considerada à luz das especificidades da dinâmica de cooperação/competição entre grupos e seus efeitos no processo legislativo e, por extensão, na coesão social.
Failure analysis of a suspension bridge in Indonesia using the direct analysis method
Authors: Dewobroto Wiryanto
Published: May 2022

A 120 m pedestrian suspension bridge recently inaugurated in Pacitan, East Java, Indonesia, suddenly collapsed when it was empty. It was one of the hundreds of similar bridges constructed through a current government project. Although there were no casualties, finding the cause of the failure is essential to ensure the safety of other bridges that have been or are currently being built. Moreover, field investigations showed that the change in the cable orientation between the bridge tower and cable end point of the suspension bridge and the insufficient capacity of the bracing connection in the bridge tower triggered the failure. The analysis is usually conducted through a numerical simulation using a relatively complex non-linear finite-element analysis. However, this research adopted second-order elastic analysis using the direct analysis method of the American Institute of Steel Construction code, a common method for designing steel structures. This method is relatively more straightforward but applicable in proving that the carrying capacity of the bridge tower decreased drastically due to the bracing failure, which is possibly the explanation for the collapsed bridge under the minimum load condition.
Mining Medical Journals: Religion and Ideology in Nineteenth-Century Medicine.
Authors: Gijbels Jolien , Goyens Michèle , Lemmers Frédéric , Speelman Dirk , Vandendriessche Joris , Vanderpelen Cécile , Wils Kaat
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we present a multidisciplinary project, IMPRESS, which combines the digitization of three major nineteenth-century Belgian medical journals with a historical research project on the role of ideology in nineteenth-century Belgian medicine. We focus on the extent to which text mining has allowed us to identify and evaluate expressions of ideology in a corpus of medical texts. In showing how we used the digital tool AntConc to answer typically historical research questions, we intend to contribute to current debate on the gains and limitations of digital methods in the humanities. We conclude that, while acknowledging the many interpretative interventions in preparing searches and qualifying outcomes, the use of the tool has enabled us to shed new light on the role of ideology in scientific exchange. Text- mining operations have offered a fresh insight into the chronology of ideological vocabulary, the used language, and the distribution of ideological patterns across journal sections.Dans cet article, nous présentons un projet multidisciplinaire, IMPRESS, qui fusionne la numérisation de trois journaux médicaux belges du 19e siècle avec un projet de recherche historique enquêtant sur le rôle de l’idéologie dans la médecine belge au 19e siècle. Nous nous concentrons sur la mesure dans laquelle la fouille de textes nous permet d’identifier et d’évaluer des expressions d’idéologie dans un corpus de textes médicaux. En montrant la façon dont nous avons employé l’outil numérique AntConc afin de répondre à des questions de recherche typiquement historiques, nous avons l’intention de contribuer au débat actuel sur les avantages et désavantages de méthodes numériques dans les humanités. Tout en reconnaissant les diverses interventions interprétatives dans la préparation de recherches et dans la qualification de résultats, nous concluons que l’usage de l’outil nous permet de jeter un nouvel éclairage sur le rôle de l’idéologie dans l’échange scientifique. Les opérations de la fouille de textes ont fourni un nouvel aperçu de la chronologie du vocabulaire idéologique, du langage utilisé et de la distribution de motifs idéologiques à travers des sections de journal.
Experiencias latinoamericanas en la prevención de la suicidalidad en jóvenes y adolescentes: una revisión teórica
Authors: Rubio González Juan , Vega Álvarez Alejandra , Weishaupt Barraza Victoria , Muñoz Rocco Daniela , Ramos Thompson Gabriel
Published: May 2022

Introducción: A nivel latinoamericano el suicidio en jóvenes y adolescente representa una problemática grave, por lo que es necesario trabajar en su prevención. En ese sentido, este trabajo presenta una revisión teórica narrativa sobre la temática.

Objetivo: Conocer las principales experiencias de prevención de la suicidalidad en jóvenes y adolescentes de Latinoamérica en los últimos 15 años.

Método: Se revisaron y analizaron 44 estudios empíricos, realizando búsquedas bibliográficas en revistas científicas indexadas en Scopus, Scielo, WoS, REDALYC y ERIH PLUS y motores de búsqueda como Google Académico y EBSCO.

Resultados: Los hallazgos obtenidos en los 44 estudios se organizaron en tres categorías: 1) diagnósticos sobre suicidalidad realizados en población juvenil y adolescente; 2) intervenciones psicoterapéuticas destinadas a tratamiento en suicidalidad; y 3) intervenciones en base a programas, estrategias y técnicas enfocadas en la prevención del suicidio juvenil y adolescente.

Discusión: Los principales diagnósticos asociados a la suicidalidad están vinculados a disfuncionalidades emocionales, donde las mujeres son las principales afectadas, la familia y el entorno surgen como principales factores protectores o de riesgo dependiendo de su funcionalidad y cohesión. Además, las intervenciones más valoradas están asociadas a los modelos clásicos de psicoterapia y las estrategias psicoeducativas aparecen como los principales focos de los programas preventivos.

Conclusión: Por la multifactoriedad del fenómeno, se debería realizar un cambio paradigmal en el enfrentamiento de la suicidalidad.
Free Radical Scavenging, Redox Balance and Wound Healing Activity of Bioactive Peptides Derived from Proteinase K-Assisted Hydrolysis of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Skin Collagen
Authors: Ilie Daniela , Iosageanu Andreea , Craciunescu Oana , Seciu-Grama Ana-Maria , Sanda Catalina , Oancea Florin
Published: May 2022

Research background. Various protocols for enzymatic hydrolysis of fish by-products are increasingly tested to ensure value-added products with functional and biological properties important for food, cosmetic and medical applications. In addition, they attempt to minimize waste from industrial processing and environmental requirements. This study aims to establish an efficient protocol based on two-step enzymatic hydrolysis of freshwater fish skin and to evaluate the effect of resulting bioactive peptides on free radical scavenging, redox balance and regulation of fibroblast proliferation and migration.
Experimental approach. Pepsin-soluble collagen extracted from silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)skin was hydrolyzed by proteinase K at specific sites under controlled conditions. The molecular mass of ultrafiltration permeate was determined by gradient electrophoresis and gel filtration chromatography. The biological activity of intermediate and small size bioactive peptides was evaluated in experimental models in vitro mimicking oxidative stress and skin wound conditions.
Results and conclusions. Extracted fish collagen was hydrolysed using proteinase K, the most efficient enzyme for the cleavage of the primary structure of the molecule, as previously found in silico. Established optimal conditions increased the enzyme specificity and the process yield. Bioactive peptides exerted significantly higher scavenging activity on free stable radicals and hydroxyl radicals often found in vivo, compared to fish collagen. They stimulated fibroblast metabolism in a dose-dependent manner and up-regulated cell migration in a scratch wound model. Pretreatment of fibroblasts with induced oxidative stress using optimal concentrations of fish peptides prevented the increase of reactive oxygen species production. In conclusion, bioactive peptides from carp skin demonstrated valuable properties of maintaining redox balance and skin wound healing process improvement, which indicated further potential applications in the development of pharmaceutical and nutraceutical formulations.
Novelty and scientific contribution. In this study the enzymatic hydrolysis was applied to isolated protein, in contrast to previous studies using waste tissue with variable composition. Recovered bioactive peptides acted not only as antioxidant agents, but also as regulators of oxidative stress and wound healing processes in skin cell models. Their nutritional and cosmetic application is recommended in novel formulations fighting skin ageing phenomena.
La relación capital-trabajo en la Industria 4.0
Authors: Foladori Guillermo , Ortiz-Espinoza Ángeles
Published: May 2022

El término Industria 4.0 está presente en la academia, el sector empresarial y los medios de comunicación. Se asocia a una nueva revolución tecnológica caracterizada por la interrelación de diversas tecnologías, cuyos principales elementos son los sistemas ciberfísicos, la inteligencia artificial y la conectividad global. Aunque existe abundante literatura sobre el tema, la mayoría está orientada desde una perspectiva técnica y de negocios; halagüeña en cuanto a las ventajas esperadas. Sin embargo, en este artículo se analizan las potencialidades para alterar los términos tradicionales de la relación contradictoria capital-trabajo. Mediante una amplia revisión bibliográfica, se describe a la Industria 4.0 en su contexto histórico-económico resaltando las tendencias que impulsa. Mientras que la generalidad de los autores enfatiza en la conectividad e interacción técnica, en el presente texto se acentúa el aspecto económico distintivo de esta revolución. Se destaca cómo el involucramiento de tecnologías disruptivas para lograr la alta automatización representa una clara tendencia a la desaparición del empleo asalariado, con la excepción de una mínima ocupación de trabajo calificado y de servicios. La unión de este tipo de tecnologías supone un salto cualitativo debido a la eliminación de los tiempos muertos entre empresas individuales y a lo largo de todas las cadenas de producción. Se concluye mostrando la radical alteración en las relaciones laborales de expandirse la Industria 4.0.
Survival Mechanisms and Management Challenges Associated with Silver Leaf Whitefly on Tomato in Africa: A Review
Authors: Mrosso Secilia E.
Published: May 2022

Silver leaf whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a polyphagous winged insect pest that causes high yield losses in tomatoes and other vegetable crops globally. To combat the infestation by the silver leaf whitefly and other insects, tomato growers use cultural and synthetic chemical-based methods. However, the silver leaf whitefly continues to dominate the tomato production systems. Some of the reasons for such continued dominion by the silver leaf whitefly in tomato include among other reasons; little understanding of the mechanisms for survival of the insect pest by tomato production stakeholders which consequently results in difficulties in making appropriate pest management decisions, presence of diverse hosts, the ability of the silver leaf whitefly to develop resistance to synthetic pesticides and ineffective techniques used by tomato grower in combating the insect. Of these challenges, this review discusses the mechanisms for survival of the insect, current pest management options and recommendations for a way forward concerning the silver leaf whitefly management in Africa. © 2022 Friends Science Publishers
DESEMPENHO DE TELHAS TERMOACÚSTICAS EM GALPÕES EM ESCALA REDUZIDA PARA GALINHAS POEDEIRAS
Authors: Mollo Neto Mario , Moreira Da Silva Brayam , Sartori Diogo de Lucca
Published: May 2022

As mudanças climáticas afetam significativamente a produção e o bem-estar das galinhas poedeiras. Nesta pesquisa foi analisado o desempenho térmico de três diferentes coberturas para galpões compostas de telhas de cerâmica, fibrocimento e termoacústica com o objetivo de averiguar a performance e os níveis de conforto térmico das diferentes coberturas, observando as condições de conforto térmico no interior do ambiente dos galpões. O ambiente interno foi monitorado por equipamentos registradores do tipo dataloggers e sensores, que coletaram dados de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar no período de fevereiro a março de 2020. Os dados do ambiente interno das instalações foram utilizados para calcular os índices de conforto para galinhas poedeiras. Com os resultados observou-se que a telha cerâmica obteve desempenho de ITGU e TE mais adequado que as demais e, a telha termoacústica apresentou desempenho inferior para o ITU em comparação as demais. Todas as telhas tiveram um resultado de CTR parecido, existindo uma diferença mínima entre elas, ocorrendo uma diferença significativa em dois períodos para telhas termoacústicas. Sendo demonstrado assim, que a telha cerâmica apresentou como sendo a de melhor desempenho térmico.
Effect of antenatal corticosteroids on neonatal outcome in term elective caesarean section: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Panwar Megha , Agrawal Shailja , Pachauri Deepti , Anand H. P. , Kamble Bhushan Dattatray , Gurbani Ruchi
Published: May 2022

Background: Infants born at term by elective caesarean section are more likely to develop respiratory morbidity than infants born vaginally. Prophylactic corticosteroids in singleton preterm pregnancies accelerate lung maturation and reduce the incidence of respiratory complications. Thus, the aim of this randomized controlled trial was to assess the effect of antenatal corticosteroids on neonatal outcome among term pregnant women undergoing elective caesarean section.Methods: It was an open labelled randomized controlled trial conducted among women with term pregnancy of 37-38+6 weeks and planned for caesarean section at term and who were willing to participate in the study. We randomized 50 pregnant women into intervention group which received antenatal corticosteroids in the form of injection dexamethasone 12 mg IM, 4 doses at 12 hourly intervals before term elective caesarean section and 50 pregnant women into control group which did not receive antenatal corticosteroid. Fetal outcomes were compared in both groups after caesarean section. Data were analysed using SPSS vs.20.Results: Nearly half (54%) of pregnant women belonged age group of 21-25 years and majority (58%) of pregnant women belonged to 38-39 weeks of gestation. Out of 50 pregnant women in intervention group, only two percent neonates developed RDS, four percent neonates developed transient tachypnea of neonate (TTN) and six percent neonates required NICU admission which was lower than control group. However, difference between fetal outcomes in intervention and control group was not statistically significant (p>0.05).Conclusions: Administration of prophylactic antenatal corticosteroids before 48 hours of elective term caesarean section does not have impact on fetal outcome in our study.