bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnóstico de Acessibilidade para Deficientes Visuais no Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem do SENAI
Authors: Barros da Silva Fabio , Cantarelli Gustavo , Fernandes Anita , S. Moreira da Silva Daniela
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTIn 2021, 41.4% of students enrolled in higher education in Brazilwere enrolled in e-learning courses. Of this contingent, manystudents have some visual impairment. Considering that in elearning,Information Technology is the protagonist in supportingeducational processes through Virtual Learning Environments, it isessential that this technology be inclusive, allowing access to userswith some type of disability, and providing accessibility in thedigital environment. This work presents the accessibilityassessment in the SENAI Virtual Learning Environment, carriedout by users with visual impairments. An evaluation methodologyfor accessibility tests was proposed, which included two stages: (i)automatic evaluation carried out by inspection tools that evaluatethe source code, and (ii) carrying out manual tests, with the visuallyimpaired, guided by a test script based on the eMag manualassessment checklist for the visually impaired (ElectronicGovernment Accessibility Model). The results of the automatic andmanual evaluation tests indicated that the problems highlighted bythe inspection tools were also noticed by users with visualimpairments, as well as problems related to usability wereidentified in the manual test stage. In this way, it was possible topoint out problems and make recommendations based on eMag.The contributions of this work were the detection and improvementof the virtual environment
Atenuação do Sinal de Tremores nas Mãos: uma Análise Comparativa de Algoritmos Adaptativos
Authors: Cristina Tironi Jéssica , Delcio Parreira Wemerson , Maria da Rocha Fernandes Anita , Coelho Borges Renata
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTIn this research, we provide a detailed analysis of five adaptivealgorithms to attenuate hand tremors during writing. The evaluatedalgorithms included Filtered Least Mean Squared (Fx-LMS),Filtered Normalized LMS (Fx-NLMS), Hybrid Fx-LMS&NLMS, RecursiveLeast Squares (RLS), and Kalman Filter. We have conductedsimulations to assess the performance of these algorithms usingthe NewHandPD dataset, which contains hand tremor signals from31 patients. Our results show that the mean squared error (MSE)values of -38 dB for Fx-LMS, -42 dB for Fx-NLMS, -44 dB for Fx-LMSand NLMS, -53 dB for RLS, and -50 dB for the Kalman Filter. RLShad the lowest MSE and superior adaptation. On the other hand,the Kalman Filter demonstrated faster convergence to the steadystate, which is six times faster than RLS.
Classificação de sinais cerebrais sob a ótica dos Large Language Models aplicação na reabilitação clínica
Authors: Hugo Gonçalves Gomes de Novais Victor , Galindo Leal Adriano
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTThe recent advancements in natural language processing(NLP) have introduced novel artificial intelligence models fordata classification, extending their scope to analyzing brainsignals acquired via electroencephalogram (EEG). Amongthese developments, the transformer architecture, which hasbecome available in recent years, has provided researcherswith a powerful model to explore and evaluate its capabilitiesin various EEG-related studies, including developingnew assistive devices tailored for individuals with impairedcommunication skills. This work leverages the transformermodel to classify P300 event-related potentials on publiclyavailable EEG data, aiming to benchmark its accuracy againstestablished algorithms documented in literature. Upon conductingthe case study, the results reveal that the transformerachieves a noteworthy accuracy rate of 95%, indicating itsviability as a classifier for P300-based spellers.
Técnica de confiabilidade em nível de sistema operacional para a arquitetura RISC-V
Authors: Migliorini Magagnin Nicole , William Mezger Benjamin , Rossi de Melo Douglas
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTEmbedded systems are applications used for specific tasks or as partof a general purpose, having constraints and design metrics. Thesesystems are implemented using microprocessors, with a favorableoption being the RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), whichhas a reduced number of instructions and shorter execution time. Ahighlight within the RISC architecture is the RISC-V, an open andstable instruction set. Since the increase in reliability is essentialfor embedded systems operating in critical environments, thereis a need for fault tolerance provision in hardware and software.Thus, considering design options for operating systems aimed atembedded systems, the Rust programming language is a safe alternativedue to its efficient memory management. Therefore, thiswork proposes implementing a fault tolerance technique in a preexistingoperating system for the RISC-V architecture, aiming toincrease reliability in critical environments. The technique chosenfor implementation was the triple modular redundancy appliedto the operating system’s processes. After the implementation, anerror injection was performed through an emulator to validate theprovision of reliability. Finally, we evaluated the cost and performancemetrics, consolidating the implementation and the reliabilityimprovement with a justifiable increase in costs and performance.
Interface de rede AMBA-AXI para uma rede-em-chip confiável
Authors: Henrique Stahl Müller Gustavo , Haas Rausch Thiago , Rossi Melo Douglas
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTThe integrated systems used in space environments and other criticalenvironments feature increasing cores. Because of the environmentin which these systems operate, they must use fault tolerancetechniques to improve reliability. XINA (eXtensible InterconnectNetwork Architecture) is a reliable network-on-chip for space systems,which has already been verified and tested. However, for itseffective use in real integrated systems, it is necessary to have anetwork interface that implements communication services. Therefore,this work presents the development of a fault-tolerant networkinterface compatible with the XINA that also implements communicationservices commonly desired by cores in integrated systems.To facilitate and accelerate the core integration process with XINA,the interface implements the AMBA-AXI 5 communication protocol.We observed that the reliability techniques allow the interface tofunction correctly even in the presence of faults in the controllersand buffers. However, they cause an increase of 63% in LUTs, anincrease of 16% in FFs, and a decrease of 56% in the maximum operationfrequency. The main contribution of this work is to enable theeffective application of the XINA network-on-chip in multi-corefault-tolerant integrated systems.
Desenvolvimento de quê e para quem?
Authors: Cardoso Luzia
Published: June 2024

Trata-se de reflexão acerca do uso corrente do termo desenvolvimento nos discursos de agências internacionais, governamentais e acadêmico-científicos quando tratam de indicadores sociais e de saúde.  Considera-se a importância da compreensão das Teorias do Desenvolvimento no movimento histórico para a compreensão da realidade, principalmente no método de Análise de Conjuntura. Chama-se a atenção para o conteúdo ideológico do termo desenvolvimento e de as Teorias de Desenvolvimento carregarem, em si, projetos de sociedades diferentes e, muitas vezes, antagônicos. Apresenta as principais vertentes da Teorias do Desenvolvimento. Concluindo, considera que o fato de as investigações em saúde visarem, em última instância, a intervenção na realidade, torna-se imprescindível que os autores explicitem a Teoria de Desenvolvimento que os respalda quando associam os seus resultados ao nível de desenvolvimento dos países.
Comparative Analysis of CNN-Based Smart Pre-Trained Models for Object Detection on DOTA
Authors: Hashmi Hina , Kumar Dwivedi Rakesh , Kumar Anil
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we proposed comparative research on the classification of various objects in satellite images using some pre-trained models of CNN (VGG-16, Inception-V3, ResNet-50, EfficientNet-B7) and R-CNN. In this research work, we have used the DOTA dataset, which combines data from 14 classes. We have implemented above mentioned pre-trained models of CNN, and R-CNN to achieve optimal results for accuracy as well as productivity. To detect objects like ships, tennis courts, swimming pools, vehicles, and harbors from remotely accessed images. In this study, we have used a convolutional neural network (CNN) as the base model. The transfer learning mechanism is employed to speed up the results and for complex computations. We have discovered with the help of experimental analysis that R-CNN and Inception-V3 are performing best out of the five pre-trained models.
The Effect of Task Types on Verb Subcategorization Learning by High School English Learners -A Focus on the Task-induced Involvement Load Hypothesis-
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Park Soon-Young , Kim Ji-Hye
Published: June 2024

Purpose: This study investigated the influence of task involvement levels on Korean high school students' learning of verb subcategorization knowledge. Based on the Task-induced involvement load hypothesis in vocabulary acquisition, we analyzed whether different tasks with varying levels of involvement affect the learning of sentence structures inevitably derived from verbs.
Methods: Sixty homogeneous Korean second-year high school students were selected and were divided into three groups, for applying different types of tasks. We used nine verbs belonging to the “putting verb” category, and different levels of task involvement were presented to each group. Pre- and post-tests were conducted to assess the students' knowledge of verb subcategorization.
Results: The results indicated that there was no statistically significant difference between task involvement levels and learning of verb subcategorization. Furthermore, a discrepancy was observed between the proficiency levels determined by the national English test and the knowledge of verb subcategorization.
Conclusion: The distinction in task involvement did not significantly affect the learning of the subcategorization features of verbs. However, given the disparity between knowledge of verb subcategorization features and nationwide English proficiency assessment results, it is proposed that there is a need for English education to develop proficiency in verbal communication skills.
The impact of the perception of psychosocial school environment on student growth: Focusing on the negative effects of poverty
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Woo Myung-Suk
Published: June 2024

Purpose: This study analyzed whether the psychosocial school environment mitigates the detrimental effects of poverty and influences students' initial cognitive (Korean, math, and English grades) and emotional (self-esteem) development during elementary school, as well as their growth trajectories throughout middle and high school.
Methods: This study used longitudinal data from the same cohort of students surveyed at three intervals: elementary, middle, and high school spanning a six-year period from 2015, to 2018 and 2021. Data were obtained from the Korea Welfare Panel Study Supplementary Survey on Children.Analysis was conducted using the Multilevel Growth Model to examine the cognitive and emotional development trajectories of students throughout their elementary, middle, and high school years.
Results: In terms of cognitive development, the study found that teacher support within the psychosocial school environment positively influenced the growth rate of Korean language subject grades. Regarding emotional growth, factors such as teacher support, school atmosphere, and peer relationships within the psychosocial school environment all exhibited significant positive effects on the initial levels of self-esteem among elementary school students. Additionally, the school atmosphere positively impacted the growth rate of self-esteem. The negative impact of poverty was often diminished or mitigated with the inclusion of variables such as students’ learning attitudes and parental educational involvement and supervision. Furthermore, with the additional inclusion of psychosocial school environment variables, the adverse effects of poverty almost completely disappeared. However, the influence of poverty persisted, manifesting as a negative impact on the initial scores of English subject grades.
Conclusion: The psychosocial school environment can positively contribute to students' cognitive and emotional development. Particularly, teacher support has a positive impact on both the cognitive and emotional growth of students, and school climate and peer relationships are positively associated with emotional development. Therefore, efforts should be made in schools to strengthen teacher support, and to foster a positive school climate and peer relationships, aiming for a positive direction in cognitive and emotional development.
Exploring the Feasibility of ‘Personalized Learning Using Edutech’ in Classroom Instruction
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Hong Sun-Joo , Choi Young-In , Ahn Ji-Youn
Published: June 2024

Purpose: This study lays the groundwork for the implementation of Edutech-based personalized learning in educational settings. This involves verifying the technical feasibility of each component of personalized learning, analyzing teachers' perceptions and practices regarding personalized learning, and assessing the current status and demands for Edutech in this context.
Methods: Through theoretical analysis, a conceptual model for the implementation of personalized learning in classroom instruction was explored. Edutech platforms, including ALEKS, CENTURY, Khan Academy, and Gyeongnam Aitoktok, were selected for analysis of their functionalities. A survey involving 492 teachers and interviews with 12 experts was conducted.
Results: The functional analysis of Edutech platforms confirmed the technical feasibility of implementing personalized learning according to the conceptual model. Survey results indicated that teachers highly perceive and practice personalized learning in order of ‘content’, ‘process’, and ‘outcome’. Additionally, they acknowledged the importance of customization based on learner characteristics, particularly focusing on learners' readiness while practice was ‘interest’. The utilization of Edutech by personalized learning components was highest in customization according to ‘content’, while the need was highest for customization according to ‘process’. Similarly, both utilization and demand were highest for addressing learners’ interests.
Conclusion: The implications include analyzing and expanding the function and ease of use of Edutech, supplementing and expanding Edutech functions that collect and analyze data from the non-cognitive aspects of learners, exploring and supporting barriers to personalized learning implementation, and identifying support strategies for differentiating ‘outcomes’ among personalized learning components.
Long-term therapy with bisphosphonates: review of clinical studies
Authors: Marchenkova L. A. , Vasileva V. A.
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this scientific literature review was to examine clinical recommendations for the duration of bisphosphonate therapy in patients with osteoporosis who have experienced osteoporotic fractures if they remain at high risk after 3–5 years of taking them. An electronic search of electronic databases was conducted, as well as a hand search of journals. A total of 94 publications were examined. 17 publications were included in the review. We concluded that patients who stopped taking bisphosphonates had a 20–40% higher risk of new clinical fractures and nearly twice the risk of vertebral fractures compared with the treatment period, indicating that a drug holiday is recommended not for all patients receiving therapy. However, long-term therapy with alendronate and zoledronic acid has been shown to reduce the risk of fractures in women with osteoporosis. The persistent increase in spinal bone mineral density with long-term bisphosphonate use may explain the lower incidence of vertebral fractures in patients on therapy long-term compared with patients who discontinued therapy after 3 years.
Thoracoscopic removal of a retrosternal parathyroid adenoma
Authors: Khripun A. I. , Makhuova G. B. , Avdeeva T. F. , Yusufov M. P. , Orlov M. Yu. , Bragina E. S.
Published: June 2024

Primary hyperthyroidism is a common endocrine pathology, with parathyroid adenoma being the most frequent cause of this condition. A number of patients have deep-seated mediastinal adenomas which poses certain challenges in diagnostics and impose serious limitations for performing a surgery using a traditional transcervical approach. Nonetheless, the combination of modern tools of topical diagnostic investigations along with mini-invasive surgical methods allow to perform a radical operation in this group of patients with reduced injury rate. In this article we present a clinical case of surgical treatment of a 65-Year-Old female patient with primary hyperthyroidism caused by retrosternal parathyroid adenoma located in the aortic-pulmonal window. Preliminary diagnosis was based on Chest Computed Tomography (CCT scan) and technetium-99mTC scintigraphy. Considering complex anatomical and topographical location of the tumour it was decided to perform a thoracoscopic parathyroidectomy. The postoperative period was uneventful, with the laboratory values of parathormone being within reference range after the surgery. On the third day after the operation the patient was discharged. Further follow-up has not shown any signs of relapse.
Case reports of diagnosis and treatment of adrenal tumors complicated by rupture and formation of retroperitoneal hematoma
Authors: Nepomnyashchaya S. L. , Fedorov E. A. , Krasnov L. M. , Rebrova D. V. , Semiletova Y. V. , Pavlikova I. A. , Bakhtiyarova A. R. , Danilin V. N. , Dmitrichenko V. V. , Kuleshov O. V. , Alekseev M. A. , Pridvijkina T. S. , Loginova O. I.
Published: June 2024

This article presents different variants of the clinical course of complications of adrenal tumors with rupture and formation of retroperitoneal hematomas, depending on the morphological characteristics of the neoplasms. The first clinical case described a 38-year-old patient with adrenocortical carcinoma of the left adrenal gland up to 8 cm in size, complicated by rupture with the formation of a retroperitoneal hematoma with a volume of 2800 cm3 , simulating a  giant extraorgan retroperitoneal tumor with anemia and cachexia. After surgical treatment and stabilization of the condition, the patient is referred for chemotherapy with a positive outcome. The second case is about a 21-year-old patient with undiagnosed pheochromocytoma, who had a tumor rupture with hemorrhage and the  development of acute symptoms against the background of the start of antihypertensive therapy. After the  retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy, the condition stabilized. The third case is about the experience of observing a 45-year-old patient with myelolipoma up to 6.4 cm, complicated by a previously suffered retroperitoneal hematoma, in whom surgical treatment was not performed due to the presence of end-stage chronic kidney disease and stable tumor condition.
Experience in surgical treatment of papillary thyroid cancer with spread to the trachea («window» and circular resection)
Authors: Brzezovsky V. Zh. , Aketova T. A. , Lomaya M. V.
Published: June 2024

Compared to most malignant tumors, papillary thyroid cancer (PST) is associated with favorable survival and low recurrence rates. Prognostic factors for thyroid cancer include age, sex, tumor size, the presence of metastases in the lymph nodes of the neck, and the spread of the tumor beyond the thyroid capsule. Extrathyroid invasion of cancer into the trachea is a marker of more aggressive tumor behavior, determining a subpopulation of patients at greater risk of recurrence and death. The paper presents 2 cases of surgical treatment of advanced papillary thyroid cancer with ingrowth into the trachea. The performance of this or that type of surgery depends on the location and extent of the tumor invasion of this organ. In the first case, the socalled «window» tracheal resection was performed, in the second – circular resection with the imposition of an intertracheal anastomosis. This clinical case indicates the possibilities of using modern surgical techniques for locally advanced malignant thyroid tumors, which make it possible to achieve long-term remission of the disease.
Template for designing a manuscript containing an abstract
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: June 2024

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Development and Characterization of Hybrid Particulate-fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites
Authors: Akinwekomi Akeem Damilola , Oladele Isiaka Oluwole , Onuh Linus Nnabuike , Essien Essien Essien , Agbeboh Newton Itua , Idris Musibaudeen Olatunde
Published: June 2024

Although considered wastes, animal fibers and gastropod shell particles are biodegradable, have low density, high stiffness, considerably high impact absorption capacity and relatively low cost. Therefore, they are finding increasing use as reinforcement materials in polymer composites. This research work studied the tensile, hardness, and wear resistance properties of hybrid snail shell (SSP) and chicken feather barb fibers (CFB) reinforced epoxy composites. The stir cast molding technique was utilized to synthesize the composite samples with 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 wt.% of the hybrid SSPs/CFB. Compared with the control samples, SSP/CFB hybrid reinforcements enhanced the mechanical properties of the composites. Composites with intermediate weight fraction of 9 wt.% SSP/CFB exhibited overall optimum properties when benchmarked against the control sample with approximately 37, 37, 133, 19, and 59% improvement in wear, hardness, impact, and ultimate tensile strength properties respectively. These enhancements suggested a synergistic effect of the two reinforcement phases. The results presented in this study demonstrated the potential of utilizing bio-derived waste materials for synthesizing eco-friendly composites.
Controlled Terms Versus Uncontrolled Terms in Resource Description
Authors: Samanta Kalyan Sundar , Rath Durga Sankar
Published: June 2024

The paper comparatively investigates the relation between controlled vocabularies assigned by the expertsin Library of Congress and tags assigned by users in Library Thing database in three subjects, Economics,History and Sociology under Social Science domain. Based on Term matching (S= 14.80 %, E= 12.77 % andH= 8.06 %) and Jaccard similarity coefficient (E= 0.15, S= 0.15 and H= 0.11), we found little matching betweenboth vocabularies. We also found that experts mostly use double-word and multi-word specific topical terms(S= 73.14 %, E= 72.89 % and H= 61.05 %), whereas social taggers mostly use single-word general non-topicalterms (E= 54.88 %, H= 54.21 % and S= 48.55%) and little topical and few personal terms. While comparisonwith LCSH subfield, we found that experts prefer topical terms for all subjects, whereas, taggers only prefer it for Economics and geographic subdivision terms for History and Sociology, but they don’t prefer chronological terms for tagging. Even, experts prefer little title-based terms (H= 196 terms, S= 195 terms and E= 175 terms) but taggers mostly prefer title-based terms (H= 673 terms, S= 564 terms and E= 444 terms) in three subjects. However, the study concludes that both vocabularies are different, but libraries can exploit those uncontrolled vocabularies and can introduce ‘hybrid metadata ecology’ which combines controlled vocabularies, classification and folksonomies for better subject access and retrieval of social science documents.
QR Codes Making Smart and Effective Library Services
Authors: Pareek Sarwesh
Published: June 2024

Using QR codes in school libraries can indeed be a valuable and innovative approach to enhance the utilisationof library resources and services. Implementing these strategies can create an interactive and engaging libraryexperience, motivating students to visit the library more frequently and make the most of available resources. The study explains the various uses of QR codes in promoting school library resources and its services, with all possible implementations to maximize their use. It encourages freely available tools to generate QR codes. It also tries to show, how the school library at B.V.B. Vidyashram Pratapnagar uses QR codes to create an experience that makes students want to go there more often.
Seroprevalencia de Leucosis Enzootica Bovina (LEB) y algunos factores de riesgo en bovinos del trópico alto de Boyacá, Colombia
Authors: González-Bautista Edgar-Daniel , Bulla-Castañeda Diana-María , Lancheros-Buitrago Deisy-Johana , Giraldo-Forero Julio-César , Castañeda-Sedano Leneth-Baggerly , Pulido-Medellín Martín-Orlando
Published: June 2024

La Leucosis Enzoótica Bovina (LEB) es una enfermedad viral que afecta a bovinos y presenta una distribución mundial, con prevalencias de 13.5-54.6 % a nivel nacional. Su sintomatología puede ser imperceptible en un principio, pero con el tiempo se manifiesta de diferentes maneras dependiendo del órgano afectado. El mecanismo de replicación hace que el virus sea prácticamente imposible de tratar, afectando los linfocitos B y los monocitos, lo que predispone al ganado a la incidencia de agentes patógenos oportunistas y hace que cualquier tipo de secreción y excreción se convierta en un probable factor de contagio. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la seroprevalencia de LEB y algunos factores de riesgo en bovinos del trópico alto de Boyacá, Colombia. Se tomaron muestras serológicas de 385 ejemplares bovinos, las cuales fueron procesadas utilizando el kit comercial SERELISA BLV Ab Mono Blocking. Se determinó la prevalencia mediante el programa estadístico Epi Info y se establecieron los factores determinantes, calculando la razón de prevalencia para identificar factores de riesgo. Se encontró una prevalencia aparente (PA) del 19.72 %. Las hembras fueron más seropositivas (19.94 %) que los machos (14.29 %), y el grupo etario de 2 a 4 años presentó la mayor seropositividad de anticuerpos contra e virus LEB (21.21%), seguido de los individuos mayores de 4 años (20.63 %) y los animales menores de 2 años (16.6%). Por otra parte, la raza Normando fue la menos seropositiva (17.4%), mientras que los cruces raciales tuvieron mayor seroprevalencia (22.22%). Aunque no se identificó ninguna variable como factor de riesgo, es crucial prestar atención a aquellas que presentaron una asociación estadística significativa, pueden influir en la transmisión del virus.
لێكه‌وته‌كانى شوێنى دراوسێيه‌تى هه‌رێمی كوردستانى عێراق شیكردنه‌وه‌یه‌كى جیۆپۆليتكی
Authors: Hawez Hawar J. , فەتحوڵا سەفین جەلال
Published: June 2024

پوختە
هەرێمی کوردستانی عێراق دەکەوێتە بەشی باشووری ڕۆژئاوای هەرێمی یٔاسیا و لە بەشی باکووری ڕۆژهەڵاتی عێراق کە لە ڕۆژاواوە بووە بە پردێکی وشکانی لە ڕۆژاواوە بۆ سوریا و کەناری ناوەڕاست و لە باکوورەوە بەرەو تورکیا و لە ڕۆژهەڵاتەوە بەرەو ئێران  تورکیا و ئەوروپا  لەم توێژینەوەیەدا گفتوگۆ لەسەر کاریگەرییەکانی هەرێمی کوردستانی عێراق دەکرێت لەڕووی سیاسی و کۆمەڵایەتی و ئابووری و چۆنیەتی مامەڵەکردن لەگەڵ وڵاتانی دراوسێ و چۆنیەتی مامەڵەکردن لەگەڵ هەموو ڕووداوەکان لەسەر ئاستی ناوخۆ و هەرێم و نێودەوڵەتی ، ئەمەش بە كاریگەری و دەرئەنجامی سیاسەتی دەرەوە  ئەنجام دەدرێت بە پەیرەو كردنی كاری سیاسی كە پلانی ستراتیجی دوور مەودای هەبێت، كە هەموو بەرژەوەندییە باشەکانی ئێستا و داهاتووی هەرێم لەبەرچاو بگرن و سیاسەتێکی ژیرانە بۆ دەسەڵات بهێننەكایەوە.
كلیلی  وشەكان: هەرێم، سنوور، شوێنی دراوسێتی، جیۆپۆلەتیك، جوگرافیای سیاسی
Developmental dynamics of mitochondrial fission and fusion proteins in functionally divergent skeletal muscles of goat
Authors: Pani Sunil , Senapati Unmod , Pati Benudhara , Sahu Bijayashree , Swalsingh Gourabamani , Pani Punyadhara , Rout Subhasmita , Achary K. Gopinath , Bal Naresh C.
Published: June 2024

During skeletal muscle development, the intricate mitochondrial network formation relies on continuous fission and fusion. This process in larger mammals differs from rodents, the most used animal models. However, the expression pattern of proteins regulating mitochondrial dynamics in developing skeletal muscle remains unexplored in larger mammals. Therefore, we characterized the cellular expression and tissue‐level distribution of these proteins during development taking goat as a model. We have performed histological and immunohistochemical analyses to study metabolic features in various muscles. Neonatal muscles display uniform distribution of mitochondrial activity. In contrast, adult muscles exhibit clear distinctions based on their function, whether dedicated for posture maintenance or facilitating locomotion. Mitochondrial fission proteins like DRP‐1, MFF, and fusion proteins like MFN‐1 and 2 are abundantly expressed in neonatal muscles. Fission proteins exhibit drastic downregulation with limited peripheral expression, whereas fusion proteins continue to express in a fiber‐specific manner during adulthood. Locomotory muscles exhibit different fibers based on mitochondrial activity and peripheralization with high SDH activity. The proximity ligation assay between MFN1 and MFN2 demonstrates that their interaction is restricted to subsarcolemmal mitochondria in adult fibers while distributed evenly in neonatal fibers. These differences between postural and locomotory muscles suggest their physiological and metabolic properties are different.
Alkalmazottakkal kapcsolatban felmerülő problémák és lehetséges HR megoldások a magyar kkv-k körében a COVID-19 előtti és utáni időszakban
Authors: Ásványi Zsófia , Sipos Norbert , Bankó Zoltán , Berke Gyula
Published: June 2024

A TANULMÁNY CÉLJA
A mikro-, kis- és középvállalatok egy ország gazdaságában és társadalmában is jelentőséggel bírnak, meghatározó szerepük lehet egy-egy térség gazdasági növekedésében, ezért kiemelten fontos, hogy friss kutatások mentén azonosítani tudjuk azokat a kihívásokat és jelenségeket, amelyekkel szembesülnek. A tanulmány célja, hogy empirikus adatok mentén feltárja az alkalmazottakkal kapcsolatban felmerülő problémákat a Covid előtti és utáni időszakra vonatkozóan és beazonosítsa azokat az emberi erőforrás menedzsment gyakorlatokat, amelyek ezekre megoldásként működhetnek. 
AZ ALKALMAZOTT MÓDSZERTAN
A Mikro-, Kis- és Középvállalati Versenyképességi Kutatócsoport (KKVVKK) 2018 és 2023 közötti primer kkv adatfelvétele képezi az elemzési adatbázist. A 620 magyar kkv Covid kitörése előtti és utáni állapotainak összehasonlítása valósult meg a vállalati méretkategóriák figyelembevételével. Az összehasonlítás függetlenségpróba vizsgálattal történt a kiválasztott kérdések mentén.
A LEGFONTOSABB EREDMÉNYEK
A kutatás eredményei rámutatnak a Covid előtti és utáni szervezeti foglalkoztatási problémákra, a vizsgált szervezeti körben elsősorban az alacsony alkalmazotti munkamorálra és munkaintenzitásra, amely a Covid óta eltelt időszakban a vállalati vezetők megítélése alapján csak fokozódott. A további azonosított alkalmazotti problémákkal együtt az eredmények rávilágítanak a szervezeti humánpolitika, azon belül is az ösztönzésmenedzsment fontosságára, amelynek egymáshoz horizontálisan illeszkedő, egymást erősítő és kiegészítő elemei (személyzetfejlesztés, bérezés, ösztönzési rendszer) célzott megoldást jelenthetnek a kihívásokra.
GYAKORLATI JAVASLATOK
A kutatás hozzájárul a hazai mikro-, kis- és középvállalatok alkalmazottakkal kapcsolatban felmerülő problémáinak és az ezekre adott szervezeti humánpolitikai válaszainak pontosabb megértéséhez. Mindezen információk megmutatják a Covid szervezeti foglalkoztatási kihívásokra gyakorolt hatásait és azt, hogy milyen stratégiákat alkalmaznak olyan munkáltatók, akik szervezeti méretükből fakadóan nem feltétlenül rendelkeznek dedikált HR szakemberekkel.
 
Köszönetnyilvánítás: A tanulmány a 2020-1.1.2-PIACI-KFI-2021-00306 számú „Okos Révkalauz HUB” című projekt és az NKFI-135732 sz. „Az innovatív foglalkoztatási formák komplex kutatása - a munkajogi jogalkotás, jogalkalmazás és a vállalati hatékonyság összefüggései” keretében készült.
Early animal management in northern Europe: multi-proxy evidence from Swifterbant, the Netherlands
Authors: Brusgaard Nathalie Ø. , Kooistra Jildou , Schepers Mans , Dee Michael , Raemaekers Daan , Çakırlar Canan
Published: June 2024

The nature and timing of the transition to farming north of the Linearbandkeramik zone in Europe is the subject of much debate, but our understanding of this fundamental shift in lifeways is hampered by the low resolution of available data. This article presents new multi-proxy evidence from Swifterbant (4240–4050 BC), in the Dutch wetlands, for morphologically domestic cattle with two different dietary regimes. The authors argue that the results indicate early animal management, alongside arable farming and the continuance of foraging practices, prompting the reconsideration away from broad statements about the Neolithic north of the Linearbandkeramik zone towards more local trajectories.
Early Holocene exploitation of taro and yam among southern East Asian hunter-gatherers
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Li Zhen , Zhao Chunguang , Carson Mike T. , Matsumura Hirofumi , Zhang Chi , Hung Hsiao-chun
Published: June 2024

Increases in population size are associated with the adoption of Neolithic agricultural practices in many areas of the world, but rapid population growth within the Dingsishan cultural group of southern China pre-dated the arrival of rice and millet farming in this area. In this article, the authors identify starch grains from taros (Colocasia) and yams (Dioscorea) in dental calculus and on food-processing tools from the Dingsishan sites of Huiyaotian and Liyupo (c. 9030–6741 BP). They conclude that the harvesting and processing of these dietary staples supported an Early Holocene population increase in southern East Asia, before the spread of rice and millet farming.
Inflammatory Response and Defects on Myelin Integrity in the Olfactory System of K18hACE2 Mice Infected with SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Martin-Lopez Eduardo , Brennan Bowen , Mao Tianyang , Spence Natalie , Meller Sarah J. , Han Kimberly , Yahiaoui Nawal , Wang Chelsea , Iwasaki Akiko , Greer Charles A.
Published: June 2024

Viruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), use respiratory epithelial cells as an entry point for infection. Within the nasal cavity, the olfactory epithelium (OE) is particularly sensitive to infections which may lead to olfactory dysfunction. In patients suffering from coronavirus disease 2019, deficits in olfaction have been characterized as a distinctive symptom. Here, we used the K18hACE2 mice to study the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection and inflammation in the olfactory system (OS) after 7 d of infection. In the OE, we found that SARS-CoV-2 selectively targeted the supporting/sustentacular cells (SCs) and macrophages from the lamina propria. In the brain, SARS-CoV-2 infected some microglial cells in the olfactory bulb (OB), and there was a widespread infection of projection neurons in the OB, piriform cortex (PC), and tubular striatum (TuS). Inflammation, indicated by both elevated numbers and morphologically activated IBA1+cells (monocyte/macrophage lineages), was preferentially increased in the OE septum, while it was homogeneously distributed throughout the layers of the OB, PC, and TuS. Myelinated OS axonal tracts, the lateral olfactory tract, and the anterior commissure, exhibited decreased levels of 2′,3′-cyclic-nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase, indicative of myelin defects. Collectively, our work supports the hypothesis that SARS-CoV-2 infected SC and macrophages in the OE and, centrally, microglia and subpopulations of OS neurons. The observed inflammation throughout the OS areas and central myelin defects may account for the long-lasting olfactory deficit.
Functional Dynamics and Selectivity of Two Parallel Corticocortical Pathways from Motor Cortex to Layer 5 Circuits in Somatosensory Cortex
Authors: Kim Hye-Hyun , Bonekamp Kelly E. , Gillie Grant R. , Autio Dawn M. , Keller Tryton , Crandall Shane R.
Published: June 2024

In the rodent whisker system, active sensing and sensorimotor integration are mediated in part by the dynamic interactions between the motor cortex (M1) and somatosensory cortex (S1). However, understanding these dynamic interactions requires knowledge about the synapses and how specific neurons respond to their input. Here, we combined optogenetics, retrograde labeling, and electrophysiology to characterize the synaptic connections between M1 and layer 5 (L5) intratelencephalic (IT) and pyramidal tract (PT) neurons in S1 of mice (both sexes). We found that M1 synapses onto IT cells displayed modest short-term depression, whereas synapses onto PT neurons showed robust short-term facilitation. Despite M1 inputs to IT cells depressing, their slower kinetics resulted in summation and a response that increased during short trains. In contrast, summation was minimal in PT neurons due to the fast time course of their M1 responses. The functional consequences of this reduced summation, however, were outweighed by the strong facilitation at these M1 synapses, resulting in larger response amplitudes in PT neurons than IT cells during repetitive stimulation. To understand the impact of facilitating M1 inputs on PT output, we paired trains of inputs with single backpropagating action potentials, finding that repetitive M1 activation increased the probability of bursts in PT cells without impacting the time dependence of this coupling. Thus, there are two parallel but dynamically distinct systems of M1 synaptic excitation in L5 of S1, each defined by the short-term dynamics of its synapses, the class of postsynaptic neurons, and how the neurons respond to those inputs.
Retrospektywna analiza zakażeń szpitalnych u pacjentów po urazie oparzeniowym, hospitalizowanych w Małopolskim Centrum Oparzeniowo-Plastycznym w okresie pandemii SARS-CoV-2 w latach 2020–2022
Authors: Krajewski Krzysztof , Czapska Weronika , Śmieszek Jarosław , Chrapusta Anna
Published: June 2024

Wstęp Oparzenia to ciężkie urazy ciała, na które narażony jest corocznie około 1% populacji Polski. Wiążą się one z wysoką śmiertelnością, a jednym z częstych powikłań jest zakażenie, które może prowadzić do sepsy. Cel W niniejszej pracy przeprowadzono retrospektywną analizę zakażeń szpitalnych u pacjentów oparzonych, hospitalizowanych w Małopolskim Centrum Oparzeniowo-Plastycznym w Krakowie w okresie pandemii SARS-CoV-2. Materiał i metody Retrospektywnej analizie poddano dokumentację medyczną pacjentów hospitalizowanych w Oddziale Oparzeń w latach 2020–2022. Wyniki Najmniejszy odsetek zakażeń szpitalnych odnotowano w 2020 r. W analizowanym okresie zauważono wzrost odsetka zakażeń szpitalnych od 2020 r. do 2022 r. Najczęściej izolowanymi patogenami były bakterie Gram(-), a najczęściej identyfikowanym szczepem był Acinetobacter baumannii. Wnioski W pierwszym roku pandemii SARS-CoV-2 odnotowano spadek występowania zakażeń szpitalnych, co mogło mieć związek ze zwiększonym reżimem sanitarnym. Pozostałe wskaźniki zakażeń szpitalnych w okresie pandemii SARS-CoV-2 nie odbiegały znacząco od danych pochodzących z innych ośrodków oparzeniowych z lat wcześniejszych.
Solar microwave fabric paper on the key technology for making our future satellite and skin surfaces for aircraft, eliminating APU’s
Authors: P Boike Shawn , Hyland David
Published: June 2024

Solar-Microwave Fabric (SMF) is a mass-produced, thin, flexible membrane upon which is imprinted various combinations of solar cells, microwave patch antennas, and analog control devices. This is for applications such as solar power collection, power transmission, communication, and defense. It can be folded into a compact volume for transport and then unfurled for its operation. In its most sophisticated form, the SMF features the full complement of printed devices: solar cells, patch antennas, transceivers, and retro-directive phased array capability. This most mature capability can be applied to the Power-Star in section 1.6 (Figure 46) space solar power satellite, and to ground installations for combined solar power and air defense. The SMF has various modes of operation of, Solar Power Collection, Communications, Distribution & Defensive systems. Ultimately the Power/ Comm/Defense has one side printed as an “active” mode of power transmission whereby radiation is broadcast to a non-cooperative target and the return from the target is used as the beacon for the direction of a high-power density beam with focusing (vaporization). This could be applied for both ground-based power collection and air/space defense. World’s 1st exposure to: US Patent 11,251,658, Japan Patent 6,987,935.
Studies on the response of normal and irradiated pink bollworm males towards pheromone source
Authors:   University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka 584101, India, Akshatha G. , Bheemanna M. ,   University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka 584101, India, Hanchinal S. G. ,   University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka 584101, India, Prabhuraj A. ,   University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka 584101, India, Haveri R. V. ,   University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka 584101, India, Nidagundi J. M. ,   University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka 584101, India, Lakshmikanth M. ,   University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka 584101, India
Published: June 2024

Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is the right eco-friendly method to overcome the pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunder) menace. In SIT attractiveness of released moths to their natural counterpart is most important as such this ability was examined in our study. For this, newly emerged five virgin female gamma irradiated with 0–250 Gy were used. These females were placed inside small plastic vial provided with aeration and suspended inside the delta traps by providing 10% honey solution. Traps were placed in the field during evening. Moth catches in each trap were counted and removed daily and these observations continued up to 5 days. In a same manner irradiated males were released separately inside the field cage to know its attractiveness to virgin female. The results indicated that attraction of male moths to irradiated virgin females decreased significantly with increasing doses of radiation i.e., at 200 and 250 Gy. The number of males captured per female was greatest on day 2nd due to its peak sexual activity, i.e., 25.60, 23.05, 19.45, 14, 9.4 and 5.9 moths at 0, 50, 100, 150, 150, 200, and 250 Gy, respectively. Gamma radiation also affected the irradiated males to find their natural mates at a higher dose; however, the maximum number of 5.30, 5.95 and 5.10 irradiated male moths were attracted to the natural pheromone secreted by female moths at 50, 100 and 150 Gy respectively, compared to the 6.80 moths at 0 Gy. The results on attractiveness of irradiated male moths towards virgin female-baited traps were considered a good measure of male competitiveness.
Nature of active surface centers of saponites of the Tashkiv deposit of Ukraine
Authors:   Dragomanov Ukrainian State University, Bohatyrenko V. A. , Nesterovskyi V. A. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kamenskyh D. S. ,   V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Yevdokymenko V. O. ,   V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tkachenko T. V. ,   V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Andreieva O. V. ,   Dragomanov Ukrainian State University
Published: June 2024

The paper discusses the results of saponite research from the Tashkiv deposit of Ukraine. X-ray structural analysis proved the necessity of preliminary cleaning of saponites from mineral impurities. The study of the morphology, nanoprofile and topography of the surface of saponite by the methods of SEM-microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy revealed that the mineral is represented by aggregates of nano- and microparticles of a pyramidal shape. Its characteristic feature is the heterogeneity of isomorphic substitutions of ions in the tetrahedral and octahedral sheets of the structural elementary package. According to X-ray fluorescence analysis, saponite contains a significant amount of Fe3+, which isomorphically replaces magnesium Mg2+ and, accordingly, is located mastly in the octahedral sheet of the structural package with a charge from +0.37 to +0.35. The number and mechanism of isomorphic substitutions determine the presence of a total negative charge of the crystal lattice (from –0.38 to –0.3), the value of which ensures intensive interaction with water molecules of the interpacket space with the formation of surface OH groups. Accordingly, both acidic and alkaline Lewis and Brønsted centers are present on the surface with a predominance of acidic ones, so the acidity function is 5.82, and the point of zero proton charge is pH = 5.5. During dispersion in water, a part of the alkaline centers of the side surface are transformed into Brønsted acid centers as a result of their protonation, which causes an increase in the pH of the dispersion medium to pH = 8–8.6. Accordingly, the isoionic state is reached at pH = 7.5. The difference in pH values characterizing the isoionic state of the surface and the point of zero net proton charge (PZNPC) indicates the presence of weak acid-alkaline centers on the surface. The study of the adsorption of acid-alkaline dyes showed the adsorption of alkaline (pK = 1¸3) and acid (pK = 7¸14) dyes on saponites. The latter is significantly reduced due to the preliminary hydration of the solid surface - mainly the lateral edges of the particles. Acidic dyes are not adsorbed from a dispersion medium with pH < 5.5 (PZNPC), and basic dyes are adsorbed at pH > 5,5( PZNPC).