bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Celiac Disease and Sensitization to Wheat, Rye, and Barley: Should We Be Concerned?
Authors: Lanzarin Camila Marques de Valois , Silva Natalia de Oliveira e , Venturieri Maissara Obara , Solé Dirceu , Oliveira Ricardo Palmero , Sdepanian Vera Lucia
Published: December 2020

Background: Concomitance of celiac disease (CD) and IgE-mediated wheat allergy is described in some case reports. The objective was to evaluate the frequency of sensitization to wheat, rye, barley, and malt in children and adolescents with CD. Methods: Measurement of serum levels of specific IgE to wheat, rye, barley, and malt (ImmunoCAP; sensitization IgE ≥0.35 kUA/L) in CD patients followed in specialized clinics to verify allergy history, general characteristics, small bowel biopsy characteristics, compliance with gluten-free diet (GFD), and occurrence of symptoms in case of noncompliance. Results: We evaluated 74 patients; the median of age and age at diagnosis of CD were 8.6 years (5.0–12.8) and 3.6 years (1.6–7.0), respectively. Median time of GFD was 3.5 years (1.4–5.8). History of asthma occurred in 17.3% of subjects, allergic rhinitis in 13.5%, and AD in 5.4%. Frequency of sensitization was 4% for wheat, 10.8% for rye, 5.4% for barley, and 2.7% for malt. There was no association between wheat sensitization and age at diagnosis, time of GFD, small bowel biopsy characteristics, allergy history, and gluten consumption. There was no relationship between sensitization to wheat and occurrence of immediate symptoms when not complying with GFD. Conclusion: In conclusion, the frequency of sensitization to wheat, rye, barley, and malt in CD patients was 4, 10.8, 5.4, and 2.7%, respectively. Therefore, to ensure that cutaneous and respiratory contact with wheat is safe, we advise patients with CD to investigate their sensitivity to wheat, rye, and barley because not all patients with CD are allergic to these cereals.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Acromelic Frontonasal Dysostosis
Authors: Martínez-Payo Cristina , García-Santiago Fe Amalia , Heath Karen E. , Gavin Eduardo , Mansilla-Aparicio Elena
Published: December 2020

Acromelic frontonasal dysostosis (AFND; MIM #603671) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder caused by a heterozygous mutation in the ZSWIM6 (KIAA1577) gene located at chromosome 5q12.1. It is phenotypically characterized by frontonasal malformation with hypertelorism, telecanthus, nasal clefting or bifid nasal tip, wide fontanels and sutures, brachycephaly, and cleft palate. The patients also present with central nervous system malformations such as encephalocele, agenesis of the corpus callosum, or interhemispheric lipoma. Limb malformations can also be found, including preaxial polydactyly of the feet and sometimes postaxial polydactyly of the hands, talipes equinovarus, or tibia malformations. Here, we present a case of early prenatal diagnosis of AFND with ultrasound and necropsy images which show the phenotypic findings of this syndrome.
Customised Care: Post Intensive Care Syndrome
Authors: van Tol Benno , Dettling Daniëla , Kruizenga Hinke , Pellegrom Sanne , Major Mel , Siebel Marjolein , van der Schaaf Marike
Published: December 2020

Physiotherapy, Dietetics and Occupational Therapy have been collaborating over recent years to develop an optimal healthcare programme for patients with Post Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS). This case is an example of PICS symptomatology and focuses on the collaboration between Physiotherapy and Dietetics. What is PICS? Owing to healthcare improvements, more and more patients are surviving the intensive Care Unit (ICU), and recovery during and after ICU stay has been receiving more attention [1, 2]. Approximately 30% of the patients admitted to an ICU have persistent symptoms including muscle weakness, reduced walking ability, fatigue, concentration deficits, memory problems, malnutrition, sleep and mood disorders sometimes even years after discharge [3-8]. Since 2012, this combination of physical, cognitive and psychiatric manifestations and reduced quality of life after staying in an ICU has been recognised as Post Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS) [9]. The impact of PICS is often not limited to the patient as it may also impact the mental status of the patient’s immediate family. This is known as PICS-Family (PICS-F) [10-12]. Treatment of PICS: Approximately 80% of PICS patients need primary care physiotherapy. Physiotherapists and GPs are often the only primary care professionals involved in the recovery process of these patients after hospital discharge [13, 14]. Both patients and healthcare professionals report a number of difficulties, e.g. limited transmural continuity in healthcare, coordination of multidisciplinary activities, supportive treatment guidelines and specific knowledge of pathology, treatment and prognosis. Patients report that they are not adequately supported when resuming their professional activities and that medical and allied healthcare treatments do not fully meet their needs at that time [15-18]. The REACH project: In order to improve the situation, the REACH project (REhabilitation After Critical illness and Hospital discharge) was started in Amsterdam region in the Netherlands. Within REACH, a Community of Practice – consisting of professionals (physiotherapists, occupational therapists, dieticians), those who live or have lived with the condition and researchers – has developed a transmural rehab programme. A special attribute of this programme is the integration of the concept of “positive health”. The case in this article describes the treatment of a PICS patient treated within the REACH network.
Práticas educativas e formação de públicos de museus: relações entre ciência, sociedade e temas controversos
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Educação, Marandino Martha , Pugliese Adriana ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Educação, Monaco Luciana M. ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Educação, Milan Barbara ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Educação, Scalfi Graziele ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Educação
Published: December 2020

A relação entre ciência, sociedade e temas controversos pertinentes vai além nesta publicação, pois se amplia na relação entre museu e escola, e, em especial, a formação de diferentes públicos. O livro oferece um novo olhar sobre o tema, fruto de um projeto de pesquisa com financiamento da FAPESP, do CNPq e da CAPES e produzido em parceria com várias pesquisadoras e pesquisadores de diferentes universidades nacionais e internacionais. O projeto busca entender, por um lado, como as relações entre ciência, tecnologia, sociedade e ambiente (CTSA) e os temas controversos vêm sendo abordadas pelos museus e o que o público compreende, e, por outro lado, quais as opiniões do público sobre os museus que abordam esses tópicos. Por fim, é finalidade da pesquisa o desenvolvimento de ações e materiais, voltados para professores e educadores de museus, que trabalhem as relações CTSA e os temas controversos em museus. Neste contexto, o projeto se propôs a gerar material que pudesse apoiar o desenvolvimento de práticas educativas nos museus e em escolas, na perspectiva das relações CTSA e dos temas controversos, sendo esse livro a concretização desse objetivo.
Pequeno monstro e leviano: infância e adolescência de Mário Peixoto
Authors: Lopes Denilson
Published: December 2020

Pouco conhecidas são a infância e a adolescência do diretor e escritor Mário Peixoto (1908-1992) nos anos 1910 e 1920. Por isso a apresentação comentada de partes do seu diário inédito Cadernos verdes referentes a esses momentos de sua vida tem o importante papel de apresentar sua formação para outros pesquisadores. São duas partes. Uma se refere à infância em sua casa no Rio de Janeiro. É uma experiência solitária dentro de uma família tradicional e decadente de pessoas silenciosas. A segunda parte, constituída sobretudo por cartas de sua prima Genoca, é um mundo aberto entre o Rio de Janeiro e Petrópolis de passeios, festas e fofocas sobre parentes e amigos.
Diários de Maria Isabel Silveira: vestígio e inscrição de uma voz
Authors: Mendes Mariana Diniz
Published: December 2020

Este artigo aborda o conjunto de diários pertencentes a Maria Isabel Silveira, casada com o escritor e político Valdomiro Silveira, cujo acervo pessoal foi doado ao IEB/USP em 2006. Em meio aos documentos, atualmente sob a guarda da instituição, destaca-se o conjunto de 62 cadernos que pertenceram a Maria Isabel, entre os quais os volumes que acolheram a sua escrita diarística como registro do cotidiano de sua família, especialmente de seus filhos e, posteriormente, de seu dia a dia. O presente estudo versa sobre materialidade documental, escrita feminina e memória das mulheres, tendo como corpus os diários de Maria Isabel, uma mulher que, com rigor e disciplina, escreveu sobre si e, consequentemente, sobre sua época.
Educação básica e o acesso de transexuais e travestis à educação superior
Authors: Lima Tatiane
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo tem por objetivo discutir sobre como os debates de gênero e sexualidade durante a educação básica podem interferir no acesso de transexuais e travestis à educação superior, com base nos dados obtidos por meio de pesquisas realizadas por iniciativas de projetos, produções acadêmicas, organizações não governamentais (ONGs), redes de apoio ou de associações, como também por notícias em mídias sociais, além das ações governamentais que têm o intuito de promover equidade e respeito às identidades de gênero na escola. De acordo com o estudo proposto, embora as questões de gênero e sexualidade tenham obtido relevância em políticas e legislações que se vinculam tanto ao campo da educação como a outros campos, estudantes transexuais e travestis ainda têm dificuldade para concluir o período de escolaridade obrigatória. Por conseguinte, propor reflexões e trabalhar conceitos nas escolas de educação básica não é o suficiente, é preciso investir na formação inicial e continuada de todo o corpo docente.
Sobre “ser caboclo”: as vozes de caboclos do Oeste catarinense
Authors: Souza Maria de , Bernardi Luci dos Santos , Santos Jorge  Alejandro
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo intenta “dizer” a cultura cabocla da região Oeste de Santa Catarina (Brasil) com o objetivo de identificar e caracterizar elementos dessa etnia que mobilizam o (re)conhecimento do “ser caboclo”. Caracteriza-se como um estudo qualitativo baseado em uma análise documental feita a partir do portfólio de entrevistas realizadas pelo Centro de Memória do Oeste de Santa Catarina (CEOM) em 2006, que inventariou e salvaguardou aspectos da cultura imaterial cabocla dessa região. Considerando que o contexto histórico tem marginalizado essa etnia que vê suas formas de vida serem esquecidas com o tempo, buscamos oportunizar o (re)conhecimento e valorização da cultura cabocla do Oeste de Santa Catarina
Gender-Based Differences in Outcomes Among Resuscitated Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Mody Purav , Pandey Ambarish , Slutsky Arthur S. , Segar Matthew W. , Kiss Alex , Dorian Paul , Parsons Janet , Scales Damon C. , Rac Valeria E. , Cheskes Sheldon , Bierman Arlene S. , Abramson Beth L. , Gray Sara , Fowler Rob A. , Dainty Katie N. , Idris Ahamed H. , Morrison Laurie
Published: December 2020

Background:

Studies examining gender-based differences in outcomes of patients experiencing out-of-hospital cardiac arrest have demonstrated that, despite a higher likelihood of return of spontaneous circulation, women do not have higher survival.

Methods:

Patients successfully resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest enrolled in the CCC trial (Trial of Continuous or Interrupted Chest Compressions during CPR) were included. Hierarchical multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to evaluate the association between gender and survival after adjustment for age, gender, cardiac arrest rhythm, witnessed status, bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation, episode location, epinephrine dose, emergency medical services response time, and duration of resuscitation. Do not resuscitate (DNR) and withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy (WLST) order status were used to assess whether differences in postresuscitation outcomes were modified by baseline prognosis. The analysis was replicated among ALPS trial (Amiodarone, Lidocaine, or Placebo in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest) participants.

Results:

Among 4875 successfully resuscitated patients, 1825 (37.4%) were women and 3050 (62.6%) were men. Women were older (67.5 versus 65.3 years), received less bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (49.1% versus 54.9%), and had a lower proportion of cardiac arrests that were witnessed (55.1% versus 64.5%) or had shockable rhythm (24.3% versus 44.6%,
P
<0.001 for all). A significantly higher proportion of women received DNR orders (35.7% versus 32.1%,
P
=0.009) and had WLST (32.8% versus 29.8%,
P
=0.03). Discharge survival was significantly lower in women (22.5% versus 36.3%,
P
<0.001; adjusted odds ratio, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.66–0.93];
P
=0.005). The association between gender and survival to discharge was modified by DNR and WLST order status such that women had significantly reduced survival to discharge among patients who were not designated DNR (31.3% versus 49.9%,
P
=0.005; adjusted odds ratio, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.60–0.91]) or did not have WLST (32.3% versus 50.7%,
P
=0.002; adjusted odds ratio, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.60–0.89]). In contrast, no gender difference in survival was noted among patients receiving a DNR order (6.7% versus 7.4%,
P
=0.90) or had WLST (2.8% versus 2.4%,
P
=0.93). Consistent patterns of association between gender and postresuscitation outcomes were observed in the secondary cohort.

Conclusions:

Among patients resuscitated after experiencing out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, discharge survival was significantly lower in women than in men, especially among patients considered to have a favorable prognosis.
Active sharing of a novel, arbitrary innovation in captive cotton-top tamarins?
Authors: Gokcekus Samin , Brügger Rahel K. , Burkart Judith M.
Published: December 2020

Most cultural behaviours in primates stem from innovations that are beneficial since they provide access to food or comfort. Innovations that are seemingly purposeless and arbitrary, and nevertheless spread through a social group, are rarer but particularly relevant to understanding the evolutionary origin of culture. Here, we provide an anecdotal report of a series of non-instrumental woodchip manipulation and modification events in captive cotton-top tamarins. Intriguingly, woodchips were preferentially manipulated in a position that was readily visible to a partner in a different enclosure, and the innovation apparently spread to other individuals. Together, this suggests that the arbitrary innovation was actively shared with a conspecific, which is consistent with the pattern of transmission of another arbitrary innovation in cotton-top tamarins, namely stick-weaving.
Big Data and International Politics
Authors: Sánchez Juan Luis Manfredi
Published: December 2020

Big Data is a transformational avalanche of data-encompassing ideas, activities, standards, social behaviours and customs, plus related devices and platforms. This new environment changes the nature of public policies and decision-making. Big Data in International Politics refers to the intelligence provided to improve processes and results in world affairs. Applications and databases have become sources of authority at a moment when expert knowledge is under suspicion. Without data, decisions are less transparent and tend to be arbitrary. However, automation has also favoured the dissemination of propaganda. International Politics for Big Data promotes governance bringing together both political and technical aspects. Privacy, and Human Rights, and discourse on the common good appear as universal values. Big Data for International Politics is devoted to improving relations among international actors. The work agenda includes the refugee issue, global public health and combating climate change, an expression of humanitarian innovation and conflict prevention. Finally, the article refers to two unsettled issues: 1) the value of forecasts based on previous behaviours in a growing environment of complexity and 2) data politics, the political nature of data collection and its bias.
Legal Implications of China’s Proposal for an Antarctic Specially Managed Area (ASMA) at Kunlun Station at Dome A
Authors: Hataya Sakiko
Published: December 2020

Built in 2009, Kunlun Station, China’s third Antarctic research station, is located in the Dome A region. In 2013, during the 36th Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting (ATCM), China proposed the establishment of a new Antarctic Specially Managed Area (ASMA) within Dome A and prepared a draft management plan for it. Yet, several ATCM members questioned China’s motives for designating Dome A as a new ASMA, and, as a result, no consensus could be reached. Surprisingly however, the Chinese ASMA proposal spurred a new impulse to introduce guidelines for the designation of ASMAs. This paper explores the legal implications of China’s proposal for an ASMA at Kunlun Station in Dome A and, in particular, focuses on the new legal developments that followed.
Global Co-management and the Emergent Arctic: Opportunities for Engagement and Collaboration between Arctic States, Indigenous Permanent Participants, and Observers on the Arctic Council
Authors: Zellen Barry S.
Published: December 2020

Successful collaboration between the indigenous peoples and the sovereign states of Arctic North America has helped to stabilise the Arctic region, fostering meaningful indigenous participation in the governance of their homeland, the introduction of new institutions of self-governance at the municipal, tribal and territorial levels, and successful diplomatic collaborations at the international level through the Arctic Council. This stability and the reciprocal and increasingly balanced relationship between sovereign states and indigenous stakeholders has yielded a widely recognised spirit of international collaboration often referred to as Arctic exceptionalism. With competition in the Arctic between states on the rise, the multitude of co-management systems and the multi-level, inter-governmental and inter-organisational relationships they have nurtured across the region will help to neutralise new threats to ‘Arctic Exceptionalism’ posed by intensifying inter-state tensions.
Corporate Behaviour towards the Upholding of Human Rights – Exploring the Possibilities of Human Rights Impact Assessment in the Sápmi Region
Authors: Petrétei Anna
Published: December 2020

One of the most current challenges the Sami are facing is the rapid expansion of extractive industries throughout the Arctic region, creating obvious conflicts between states and Sámi people. European High North has already proven to be rich in mineral deposits. Furthermore, it is suggested that the world’s largest remaining untapped gas reserves and undeveloped oil reserves are located in the Arctic. Therefore, there is a growing pressure to conduct extractive industrial activities on the territories important for the Sámi, for instance on reindeer herding areas and reindeer migration routes. The expansion of extractive industrial developments causes significant challenges to the enjoyment of their human rights, unless effective procedural measures are in place to mitigate adverse impacts. The aim of this paper is to explore the possibility of integrating human rights impact assessment (HRIA) in existing license granting mechanisms, to examine how particular companies comply with human rights norms applicable to local and indigenous, and to scrutinise the possibility of these and other Northern mining companies to carry out HRIA in the future. The integration of HRIA would ensure that the special status and interests of Sámi people is properly taken into consideration when planning and implementing extractive industrial projects.
Ecological Civilization and Legal Norms for Resilient Environmental Governance
Authors: Robinson Nicholas A
Published: December 2020

The aim of this article is to examine how the principles of ecological civilization can help shape a consensus about restating environmental legal principles generally. This restatement is essential given the fact that many human laws have proven to be manifestly at variance with the natural systems of Earth’s biosphere. Disruptions caused by climate change increase and the sixth great extinction of species has ushered in crises in biodiversity. It is argued that with environmental degradation becoming worse world-wide, more is required of governments than just again endorsing steps to advance sustainable development. Rather, there is a need for more effective and resilient governmental management. States must agree upon the progressive development of the law necessary to deal with Earth’s changing, new, and real conditions. New environmental principles, such as the principle of resilience, will need to be added to the existing ones. Potentially, China can contribute greatly to the global debate about Earth’s ecological law principles by sharing its knowledge and understanding of ecological civilization.
Integrating Psychology, Religion, and Culture
Authors: Pak Jenny H.
Published: December 2020

Although science was originally broadly conceptualized as a systematic, rigorous activity to produce trustworthy knowledge, psychologists, those following the mainstream, adopted a single philosophy of science and strictly enforced natural science as the only proper “scientific” psychology. Qualitative research has been part of modern psychology from the beginning, but it was obscured for nearly a century as positivist epistemology came to dominate the field. Building culturally robust and intelligible theories capable of responding more effectively to complex problems faced by a rapidly changing world calls for openness in methodological diversity. Deeply rooted in a hermeneutic tradition, cultural psychology has challenged the appropriateness of seeking reductive knowledge because higher mental processes such as religious beliefs, values, and choices are bound by historical and cultural context. As greater interdisciplinary integration and methodological innovations are necessary to keep psychology of religion relevant, narrative inquiry has emerged as a promising integrative paradigm.
Notes on the type specimens of names in Aconitum (Ranunculaceae) at Central National Herbarium (CAL)

Authors: KUMAR ANAND , GHOSHAL PARTHA PRATIM , BHARATI KUMAR AVINASH
Published: December 2020

The type specimens belonging to the genus Aconitum available in Central National Herbarium (CAL) are documented with relevant notes. A total of 92 type specimens belonging to 29 taxa are enlisted, it includes 2 holotypes, 2 isotypes, 1 paratype, 12 lectotypes, 25 isolectotypes, 49 syntypes and 1 original material. Lectotype for seven names, A. bakeri, A. ferox subsp. ferox var. crassicaulis, A. ferox subsp. ferox var. flavidiflora, A. ferox subsp. ferox var. laxiflora, A. gammiei, A. insigne and A. wallichianum have been designated here. Second-step lectotype is also designated here for five names, A. deinorrhizum, A. delavayi, A. jucundum, A. soongaricum and A. transsectum.
A Baltic amber species of the diving beetle genus Coptotomus Say, 1830 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Coptotominae)
Authors: HENDRICH LARS , BALKE MICHAEL
Published: December 2020

We provide the first report of the Nearctic diving beetle subfamily Coptotominae Van den Branden, 1885 for the Paleactic Region, based on † Coptotomus balticus sp. n. from Baltic amber. Coptotomus Say, 1830 is otherwise distributed with five extant species and one subspecies in the Nearctic Region. The new species is the smallest species of the genus and thus readily separated from the extant taxa.
Changes in Future Precipitation Mean and Variability across Scales
Authors: Schwarzwald Kevin , Poppick Andrew , Rugenstein Maria , Bloch-Johnson Jonah , Wang Jiali , McInerney David , Moyer Elisabeth J.
Published: December 2020

Changes in precipitation variability can have large societal consequences, whether at the short time scales of flash floods or the longer time scales of multiyear droughts. Recent studies have suggested that in future climate projections, precipitation variability rises more steeply than does its mean, leading to concerns about societal impacts. This work evaluates changes in mean precipitation over a broad range of spatial and temporal scales using a range of models from high-resolution regional simulations to millennial-scale global simulations. Results show that changes depend on the scale of aggregation and involve strong regional differences. On local scales that resolve individual rainfall events (hours and tens of kilometers), changes in precipitation distributions are complex and variances rise substantially more than means, as is required given the well-known disproportionate rise in precipitation intensity. On scales that aggregate across many events, distributional changes become simpler and variability changes smaller. At regional scale, future precipitation distributions can be largely reproduced by a simple transformation of present-day precipitation involving a multiplicative shift and a small additive term. The “extra” broadening is negatively correlated with changes in mean precipitation: in strongly “wetting” areas, distributions broaden less than expected from a simple multiplicative mean change; in “drying” areas, distributions narrow less. Precipitation variability changes are therefore of especial concern in the subtropics, which tend to dry under climate change. Outside the tropics, variability changes are similar on time scales from days to decades (i.e., show little frequency dependence). This behavior is highly robust across models, suggesting it may stem from some fundamental constraint.
Whose Ground Truth Is It? Harvesting Lessons from Missouri’s 2018 Bumper Crop of Drought Observations
Authors: Smith Kelly Helm , Burbach Mark E. , Hayes Michael J. , Guinan Patrick E. , Tyre Andrew J. , Fuchs Brian , Haigh Tonya , Svoboda Mark D.
Published: December 2020

Drought-related decision-making and policy should go beyond numeric hydrometeorological data to incorporate information on how drought affects people, livelihoods, and ecosystems. The effects of drought are nested within environmental and human systems, and relevant data may not exist in readily accessible form. For example, drought may reduce forage growth, compounded by both late-season freezes and management decisions. An effort to gather crowdsourced drought observations in Missouri in 2018 yielded a much higher number of observations than did previous related efforts. Here we examine 1) the interests, circumstances, history, and recruitment messaging that coincided to produce a high number of reports in a short time; 2) whether and how information from volunteer observers was useful to state decision-makers and to U.S. Drought Monitor (USDM) authors; and 3) potential for complementary use of stakeholder and citizen science reports in assessing trustworthiness of volunteer-provided information. State officials and the Cattlemen’s Association made requests for reports, clearly linked to improving the accuracy of the USDM and the related financial benefit. Well-timed requests provided a focus for people’s energy and a reason to invest their time. State officials made use of the dense spatial coverage that observers provided. USDM authors were very cautious about a surge of reports coinciding closely with financial incentives linked to the Livestock Forage Disaster program. An after-the-fact comparison between stakeholder reports and parallel citizen science reports suggests that the two could be complementary, with potential for developing protocols to facilitate real-time use.
Pathologic Fibrinolysis is More Common in a Rural Trauma Setting
Authors: Bardes James M. , Grabo Daniel J. , Wen Sijin , Wilson Alison
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Fibrinolysis (lysis) has been extensively studied in trauma patients. Many studies on the distribution of lysis phenotype have been conducted in setting with short prehospital time. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of lysis phenotypes in a population with prolonged prehospital times in a rural environment.

Methods

A retrospective study was performed at an American College of Surgeons-verified level 1 trauma center, serving a large rural population. Full trauma team activations from January 1, 2017 to August 31, 2018 were evaluated, and all patients with an ISS>15 analyzed. Thromboelastography was routinely performed on all participants on arrival. Lysis phenotypes were classified based on LY30 results: shutdown (≤.8%), physiologic (.9-2.9%), and hyper (>2.9%).

Results

259 patients were evaluated, 134 (52%) presented direct from the scene. For scene patients, lysis distribution was 24% physiologic, 49% shutdown, and 27% hyper. Transferred patients demonstrated a reduction in physiologic lysis to 14% ( P = .03), shutdown present in 66%, and hyper in 20%. Empiric prehospital tranexamic acid was given to 18 patients, physiologic lysis was present in 6%, shutdown 72%, and hyper 22%; this increase was not statistically significant ( P = .5).

Conclusion

Fibrinolysis phenotypes are not consistent across all trauma populations. This study showed rural trauma patients had a significantly increased rate of pathologic lysis. This was consistent for scene and transfer patients who received care at another facility prior to arrival for definitive care. Future studies to evaluate the factors influencing these differences are warranted.
Is normative power cosmopolitan? Rethinking European unity, norm diffusion, and international political theory
Authors: Kobayashi Kazushige
Published: December 2020

Despite the apparent consensus that European Union (EU) normative power embodies a Kantian cosmopolitan approach to world politics, such a consensus is typically presupposed by scholars, rather than being critically examined by them. By offering macro-historical reflections, this article argues that EU normative power deviates from the Kantian cosmopolitan ideal and in fact replicates the Hobbesian logic of normative homogenization. Renouncing the medieval Vatican’s ambition to construct a united Europe anchored in uniform normativity, Kantian theory celebrates multiple normalcy as the basis for human freedom, perpetual peace, and mutual transformation. In contrast, Hobbesian theory is driven by the conviction that a peaceful value-based community could be built only through normative homogenization, behavioural conformism, and moral unity. In Hobbesian theory, the Leviathan exercises a transformative power to socialize others, eliminate discords, and build a commonwealth through norm diffusion and public education. In this vein, the EU’s aspiration to build a normatively homogenous Europe seems to reflect Hobbes’s vision of normative unity, rather than Kant’s vision of cosmopolitan diversity. Should the EU aspire to pursue a cosmopolitan foreign policy, it needs to pay more attention to the power-political implications of its drive toward normative homogenization and shift its focus from socialization to mutual transformation.
Fear of Terrorism and Attitudes Toward Refugees: An Empirical Test of Group Threat Theory
Authors: De Coninck David
Published: December 2020

In recent years, the co-occurrence of the migration crisis and terrorist attacks in European cities have created a strong link between refugees and asylum seekers and terrorism in the minds of many Europeans. This study investigates how attitudes toward refugees are associated with fear of terrorism. Using multilevel modelling on 1,500 Belgian citizens nested in 402 municipalities, results indicate that positive attitudes toward refugees are associated with lower terrorism fear. Adverse economic conditions at both the individual and municipal level are associated with greater fear of terrorism, while a large outgroup size is associated with lower fear of terrorism. Women hold greater fear than men, while commercial news consumption is associated with greater terrorism fears.
Multilingual Realities of Language Contact at the University of Zambia
Authors: Simungala Gabriel , Jimaima Hambaba
Published: December 2020

In this article, we examine the multilingual realities of language contact at the University of Zambia. Using an ethnographic research design, we observe the dynamics of the students’ language practices both in the physical and on the online landscape. As our locus, we use a physical conversation and Facebook narratives in which students drew on English and Bemba to illustrate instances of blending and mixing as multilingual practices arising from translanguaging. We show that the mixing of words and the blending of morphemes from the two different languages gives evidence of how students (re)create, (re)produce, and (re)shape their meaning-making instances.
Black Death and Mourning as Pandemic
Authors: Canham Hugo
Published: December 2020

Black bodies have been the site of devastation for centuries. We who inhabit and love these bodies live in a state of perpetual mourning. We mourn the disproportionate dying in our families, communities and the dying in the black diaspora. We are yet to come to terms with the death that accompanied the AIDS pandemic. Tuberculosis breeds in the conditions within which most of us live. We die from hours spent in the belly of the earth where we dig for minerals to feed the unquenchable thirst of capital. Malaria targets our neighbors with deathly accuracy. Ebola stalks west Africa where it has established itself as a rapacious black disease. It kills us. In the black diaspora, African Americans are walking targets for American police who kill and imprison them at rates that have created a prison industrial complex. Africans die in the Mediterranean ocean and join the spirits of ancestors drowned centuries ago. With South Africa as the point of departure, this paper stages a transcontinental examination of black death. It is animated by the following questions. What are the dimensions of black death, what is its scale and how is it mourned? What does the COVID-19 pandemic mean for we who are so intimately familiar with death?
Trembling strength: Migrating vulnerabilities in fiction by Sharon Bala, Yasmin Ladha, and Denise Chong
Authors: van Herk Aritha
Published: December 2020

The Boat People by Sharon Bala, Blue Sunflower Startle by Yasmin Ladha, and Lives of the Family: Stories of Fate and Circumstance, by Denise Chong, are texts that engage with vulnerability as it relates to immigration, one of the most precarious of states or sites that Canadian literature chronicles. The abstract and concrete politics of adaptation are exemplified in these narratives of displacement, inspired by the Tamil refugee crisis of 2009–2010, the Indo-Tanzanian immigration wave of the 1970s, and the resourcefulness of Chinese immigrant families in the mid-twentieth century. These narratives effectively investigate vulnerability within spaces of interconnection, imprisonment, relation, visibility, and transformation. This paper works with their explorations of the Canadian trope of immigration as a process that moves from the vulnerability of strangeness to the vulnerability of adaptation to the vulnerability of commitment. Addressing the ways that these stages are subverted, the paper examines the extent to which migrancy and its resolution resist a “national” narrative in these texts, undercutting the prototype of success through adversity. How they model Hirsch’s “openness to unexpected outcomes” recites the complexity of their depictions of vulnerability.
Reassembling components: Ivan Coyote writes down difficult things
Authors: González-Díaz Isabel
Published: December 2020

The aim of this article is to analyze a selection of texts from Ivan Coyote’s One in Every Crowd (2012) and Tomboy Survival Guide (2016) and to discuss the author’s ability to transform vulnerability into strength and resistance through their self-referential storytelling. The reading of Coyote’s stories is guided by Judith Butler’s conception of the relational character of vulnerability, Leticia Sabsay’s understanding of permeability, and Sara Ahmed’s discussions on queer (un)happiness and imposition. Coyote’s ability to confront the gender binary through narrative is also highlighted, together with their determination to create an archive for transgender children and youth, to let them know that theirs is not a unique experience, and that one of the ways to transform vulnerability is to break the silence and make use of creativity. My reading of Coyote’s stories confirms that narratives can be used by subjects to act politically, to resist regulation and control and to counteract the way in which concepts such as vulnerability and resilience, which are “politically produced,” are finally understood (Butler et al., 2016: 5). By breaking the silence that they associate with vulnerability and creatively “writing down difficult things” (Coyote, 2016: 221) the author metaphorically reassembles components for themselves and, especially, for their young audience.
Cultivating Epistemic Disobedience: Exploring the Possibilities of a Decolonial Practice-Based Teacher Education
Authors: Domínguez Michael
Published: December 2020

Even as momentum builds for critical, culturally sustaining, and decolonial approaches to pedagogy, curriculum, and teacher education, efforts in practice-based teacher education remain epistemically linked to Eurocentric, colonial objects of schooling, and shallow notions of justice. Yet attention to the what the day-to-day work of teaching is critical to novices’ development, especially when the challenges we hope they will embrace—disrupting oppression and advancing liberation—are so complicated. Clear, concrete models of decolonial repertoires of practice are needed to ensure our teacher education efforts produce skilled practitioners prepared to advance the decolonial project in education. In this article, through a decolonial reading of the practice-based literature, and an examination of rehearsal deployed with decolonial intent, I argue for a decolonial practice-based teacher education that will cultivate educators to engage in epistemic disobedience, learning how to teach while resisting the coloniality that permeates schools.
Colonial Stereotypes and Martialized Intellectual Masculinity in Late Qing and Early Republican China
Authors: Lei Jun
Published: December 2020

This article adopts an intersectional approach incorporating gender, race, and colonialism to illuminate a martial trend among Chinese men of letters at the turn of the twentieth century. Within the late Qing reformist intellectual discourses championed by Liang Qichao, it analyzes three racialized colonialist stereotypes: the “effeminate” Confucian literatus, the “Sick Man of East Asia,” and the “Yellow Peril.” The purpose is to reveal these stereotypes as collateral elements of the ideological reconfigurations of the Chinese nation and Chinese masculinities. I argue that although the homology of Western colonialist logic and gender politics powerfully manipulated narratives on Chinese masculinities, male Chinese intellectuals did not passively adopt orientalized images of “Chinamen.” Rather, they strategically reappropriated these stereotypes and invented a new homology of racial and gender politics in order to address abiding concerns with race, nation, and male sexual potency.
On fractional optimal control problems with an application in fractional chaotic systems using a Legendre collocation-optimization technique
Authors: Ghasemi Safiye , Nazemi Alireza , Tajik Raziye , Mortezaee Marziyeh
Published: December 2020

In this paper, an intelligence method based on single layer legendre neural network is proposed to solve fractional optimal control problems where the dynamic control system depends on Caputo fractional derivatives. First, with the help of an approximation, the Caputo derivative is replaced to integer order derivative. According to the Pontryagin minimum principle for optimal control problems and by constructing an error function, an unconstrained minimization problem is then defined. In the optimization problem, trial solutions are used for state, costate and control functions, where these trial solutions are constructed by using Legendre polynomial based functional link artificial neural network. In the following, error back propagation algorithm is used for updating the network parameters (weights). At the end, some illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the validity and capability of the proposed method. Three applicable examples about chaos control of Malkus waterwheel, finance fractional chaotic models and fractional-order geomagnetic field models are also considered.
“A Heat Pump Needs a Bit of Care”: On Maintainability and Repairing Gender–Technology Relations
Authors: de Wilde Mandy
Published: December 2020

As part of current energy transitions in the Global North, households have begun adopting renewable energy technologies, such as heat pumps and solar power systems, in significant numbers. These changes give rise to the following question: how are technology and gender configured when new technologies enter everyday life? Based upon ethnographic fieldwork on interactions between households, technologies, and technicians and interviews with sales technicians, installers, and service mechanics, I demonstrate how both stable and fragile variants of renewable energy technologies are enacted during prepurchase consultations and postpurchase installations, respectively. I employ science and technology studies scholarship, feminist ethics, and repair and maintenance studies—captured through the analytical lens of care—to analyze how technicians mobilize and tinker with gendered affection, knowledge, and action in households to effectuate adoption of renewable energy technologies. I clarify how, in this process, openings are created to configure both hegemonic and heterogeneous gender–technology relations. Finally, I advance discussion beyond gender issues by arguing that acknowledging the role of maintainability and the repair of user–technology relations in current energy transitions opens pathways not only for exploring gender in new and exciting ways in relation to technology but technician–user relationships as well.
Differentiation of series and tastes for TV series: The French case
Authors: Combes Clément , Glevarec Hervé
Published: December 2020

In the field of cultural practice, TV series emerged in the 1990s as a radically renewed cultural object and has met a growing audience. Much has been written about the renewal of the genre, but little, thus far, about the sociology of its viewership. Based on a representative survey of the practices and preferences of French adults, conducted in 2017, this article assesses the hypothesis of a differentiation of taste and practices for TV series. It draws on a factorial analysis and a hierarchical classification of TV series to examine the factors structuring this practice. It appears that the practice of series articulates three kinds of differentiation: by series (long tail), by uses (television vs new media), and by tastes (socio-existential questioning expressed by the age and socio-political anchoring of viewers).
Whose pedagogy is it anyway? Decolonizing the syllabus through a critical embrace of difference
Authors: Zidani Sulafa
Published: December 2020

The higher-education student body in the United States is increasingly diverse. Diversity and transnationalism are present in the classroom through the increased numbers of students and instructors who are international and/or non-White-identifying. However, syllabi in media, communication, and cultural studies remain centered around an orthodox body of literature that has come to be conceived of as the canon, consisting of scholars who are mostly white, male, and U.S.-American or European. This essay brings communication, culture, and media studies theories into conversation with critical pedagogy to suggest changes in the organization of syllabi and class activities. Namely, I use participatory culture, critical and decolonial pedagogical theories, and Black and transnational feminist pedagogy, to suggest a critical embrace of different as an approach for designing syllabi that center the students rather than the Western-rooted tradition. This paper is part of the critical body of knowledge that pushes for a decolonizing and transnationalizing intervention in higher education.
Associations of Ageism and Health: A Systematic Review of Quantitative Observational Studies
Authors: Hu Rita Xiaochen , Luo Mengsha , Zhang Anao , Li Lydia W.
Published: December 2020

This systematic review synthesizes observational studies on the relationship between ageism and health. We searched 10 electronic databases and included 67 articles. The operationalization of ageism in these studies can be classified into three constructs: age stereotype, self-perceptions of aging, and age discrimination. Most ageism measures were used within a single study, and many lacked information about psychometric properties. Seven health domains—disease, mortality, physical/functional health, mental health, cognitive function, quality of life, and health behavior—have been used as outcomes. Evidence supports a significant association between ageism and health, particularly between self-perceptions of aging and health. Nine studies report moderators, which helps to identify those more vulnerable to negative effects of ageism and inform the development of interventions. The review suggests that the literature has examined limited dimensions of ageism, and that developing valid and reliable instruments for ageism-related concepts is a priority.
What Works in Implementing Patient Decision Aids in Routine Clinical Settings? A Rapid Realist Review and Update from the International Patient Decision Aid Standards Collaboration
Authors: Joseph-Williams Natalie , Abhyankar Purva , Boland Laura , Bravo Paulina , Brenner Alison T. , Brodney Suzanne , Coulter Angela , Giguère Anik , Hoffman Aubri , Körner Mirjam , Langford Aisha , Légaré France , Matlock Daniel , Moumjid Nora , Munro Sarah , Dahl Steffensen Karina , Stirling Christine , van der Weijden Trudy
Published: December 2020

Background

Decades of effectiveness research has established the benefits of using patient decision aids (PtDAs), yet broad clinical implementation has not yet occurred. Evidence to date is mainly derived from highly controlled settings; if clinicians and health care organizations are expected to embed PtDAs as a means to support person-centered care, we need to better understand what this might look like outside of a research setting.

Aim

This review was conducted in response to the IPDAS Collaboration’s evidence update process, which informs their published standards for PtDA quality and effectiveness. The aim was to develop context-specific program theories that explain why and how PtDAs are successfully implemented in routine healthcare settings.

Methods

Rapid realist review methodology was used to identify articles that could contribute to theory development. We engaged key experts and stakeholders to identify key sources; this was supplemented by electronic database (Medline and CINAHL), gray literature, and forward/backward search strategies. Initial theories were refined to develop realist context-mechanism-outcome configurations, and these were mapped to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

Results

We developed 8 refined theories, using data from 23 implementation studies (29 articles), to describe the mechanisms by which PtDAs become successfully implemented into routine clinical settings. Recommended implementation strategies derived from the program theory include 1) co-production of PtDA content and processes (or local adaptation), 2) training the entire team, 3) preparing and prompting patients to engage, 4) senior-level buy-in, and 5) measuring to improve.

Conclusions

We recommend key strategies that organizations and individuals intending to embed PtDAs routinely can use as a practical guide. Further work is needed to understand the importance of context in the success of different implementation studies.