bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
(In)segurança alimentar entre famílias com crianças menores de cinco anos residentes em área de vulnerabilidade social de Campina Grande, Paraíba
Authors: Bezerra Thaíse Alves , Pedraza Dixis Figueroa
Published: December 2015

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a situação de (in)segurança alimentar de famílias com crianças menores de cinco anos residentes em área de vulnerabilidade social e sua associação com características biológicas, com a situação de saúde das crianças e com o contexto socioeconômico familiar. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, envolvendo 76 famílias com crianças menores de cinco anos e com algum membro ex-catador de materiais recicláveis do lixão desativado de Campina Grande, Paraíba. A segurança alimentar foi avaliada pela Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar. Foi estudada a associação da situação da insegurança alimentar com características das crianças e socioeconômicas por meio de análise múltipla de determinação. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de insegurança alimentar caracterizou 96,1% das famílias, predominando as formas moderada (34,2%) e grave (32,4%). As famílias em cujo núcleo havia crianças que tiveram perda de peso nos últimos 15 dias e aquelas com destino de lixo não coletado apresentaram maiores chances de insegurança alimen-tar moderada e insegurança alimentar grave, de 9,49 vezes (IC95%=1,95-46,26) e 6,71 vezes (IC95%=1,34-33,59), respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: A alta vulnerabilidade dessa população reflete-se em condições de insegurança alimentar associadas à condição social e de saúde que precisam ser equacionadas a fim de se garantir o direito humano à alimentação adequada.
Hemoglobinopathies in newborns in the southern region of the Triângulo Mineiro, Brazil. Cross-sectional study
Authors: Carlos Aline Menezes , Souza Renata Andréia Volpe , Souza Bruna Maria Bereta de , Pereira Gilberto de Araujo , Tostes Júnior Sebastião , Martins Paulo Roberto Juliano , Moraes-Souza Helio
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Hemoglobinopathies are among the commonest and most widespread genetic disorders worldwide. Their prevalence varies according to ethnic composition and/or geographical region. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of hemoglobinopathies and their association with ethnicity among 1,004 newborns, to confirm the guideline of the Brazilian National Neonatal Screening Program. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted in a public referral hospital in the Triângulo Mineiro region, Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: Qualitative assessment of hemoglobin was performed through electrophoresis on cellulose acetate: at alkaline pH to identify the hemoglobin (Hb) profile and at acid pH to differentiate Hb S from Hb D and Hb C from Hb E and others that migrate to similar positions at alkaline pH. Neutral pH was used to detect Hb Bart's identified in alpha thalassemia (α-thal). The elution method after electrophoresis was used to quantitatively assess hemoglobins. RESULTS: There was predominance of α-thal, with 105 cases (10.46%), followed by Hb S with 61 cases (6.08%, comprising 46 Hb AS, 2 Hb SS and 13 Hb S/α-thal), 9 cases (0.9%) of Hb AC and 6 cases (0.6%) suggestive of beta thalassemia (β-thal). The frequency of hemoglobinopathies was significantly higher among Afro-descendants. CONCLUSIONS: These findings corroborated of the National Neonatal Screening Program for diagnosing sickle cell disease and Hb C, Hb D, Hb E and β-thal hemoglobinopathies.
Incidência de depressão e fatores associados em idosos residentes na comunidade: revisão de literatura
Authors: Pinho Miriam Ximenes , Custódio Osvladir , Makdisse Marcia
Published: December 2015

Resumo Depressão geriátrica ocorre com frequência, mesmo na população residente na comunidade. Vários fatores de risco associados estão descritos na literatura. O objetivo deste estudo é realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre a incidência de depressão geriátrica e os fatores de risco associados em idosos residentes na comunidade. Para este fim, realizou-se revisão bibliográfica da literatura sobre o tema, sendo efetuada consulta às bases de dados MEDLINE, PUBMED, LILACS e SCIELO, utilizando-se das palavras chaves "idoso", "fator de risco", "depressão" e "incidência". A incidência de depressão na população idosa residente na comunidade é de 13,23%, em média. Os preditores de depressão identificados foram: sexo feminino, idade avançada, condição marital, baixa escolaridade, condição socioeconômica desfavorável, condições de moradia, baixo suporte social, eventos estressores, depressão prévia, co-morbidades psiquiátricas, características de personalidade, distúrbios do sono, déficits cognitivos, condições de saúde adversas, limitação funcional e dor. Depressão ocorre com frequência na população idosa e constitui problema grave. A identificação dos fatores de risco associados com sua incidência pode ajudar os profissionais que atuam na área a diagnosticar e propor intervenções mais precoces e adequadas.
RELAÇÕES ENTRE ARGUMENTAÇÃO E MODELAGEM NO CONTEXTO DA CIÊNCIA E DO ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS
Authors: Justi Rosária
Published: December 2015

RESUMO: Considerando a relevância de se promover um Ensino de Ciências autêntico, enfatizamos, neste trabalho, duas práticas epistêmicas que podem contribuir para este: a argumentação e a modelagem. Tais práticas e alguns dos principais elementos envolvidos nelas são caracterizados teoricamente. Essa caracterização sustenta a reanálise de um conjunto de dados empíricos a partir da qual propomos relacionamentos entre ações envolvidas em várias etapas da modelagem e habilidades argumentativas utilizadas na realização destas. Tais relacionamentos são inéditos na literatura e, ao mesmo tempo em que reafirmam a indissociabilidade entre as práticas epistêmicas científicas de argumentar e modelar, abrem novas frentes de investigação.
Num espelho de mulher: cegueira normativa e questões de direitos humanos não resolvidas
Authors: Nader Laura
Published: December 2015

Resumo Este artigo examina as restrições que regem as declarações de direitos humanos, reconhecendo os principais avanços conceituais ao mesmo tempo em que dirige a atenção para questões não resolvidas, que são culturais na sua maioria. A cegueira normativa refere-se a questões de realce relativas a mutilações sexuais e de outra natureza, testes de armas, ou controle de armas como é visto das margens. Um reconhecimento dos abusos de direitos humanos resultantes do comercialismo global é crucial para um movimento de direitos humanos não-hegemônico enquanto a comparação exige que nos tornemos mais autoconscientes do papel do ativismo de direitos humanos euro-americano como projeto hegemônico. Um salto à frente requer uma filosofia de direitos humanos de calibre maior na qual nenhum lugar ou país ou empresa esteja isento.
Direitos dos mais e menos humanos
Authors: Fonseca Claudia , Cardarello Andrea
Published: December 2015

Resumo A noção de direitos humanos em sua forma abstrata e descontextualizada pouco significa. Como esta noção é traduzida na prática – e suas conseqüências particulares – depende de relações de poder forjadas em contextos históricos específicos e expressas em categorias semânticas precisas. Depois de considerar como certas categorias são eleitas como alvo merecedor de campanhas em defesa de direitos humanos, concentramo-nos na análise de programas para a institucionalização de crianças e adolescentes na FEBEM-RS, tentando ver como certos processos desencadeados pela legislação progressista acabam produzindo efeitos inesperados. Finalmente, situamos a “infância” como um discurso entre outros que mobilizam campanhas de direitos humanos. Ao atentar para a maneira como uma categoria é priorizada em detrimento de outras, desvendamos lutas simbólicas e critérios particulares que determinam – na reivindicação de direitos – quem é mais, e quem é menos, humano.
Quilombos e quilombolas: cidadania ou folclorização?
Authors: Leite Ilka Boaventura
Published: December 2015

Resumo O artigo enfoca o quilombo como conceito sócio-antropológico para discutir suas atuais implicações teóricas e politicas, principalmente no que diz respeito ao quadro atual de exclusão social no Brasil. Busca estabelecer um contraponto entre os atuais impasses ao entendimento do artigo 68 da Constituição brasileira que se refere às comunidades remanescentes de quilombos, e o processo de implementação em curso, dificultado por várias artimanhas e estratégias, entre as quais se destaca a folclorização da cultura e identidade negra. Aponta também para a necessidade de novos referenciais que possam superar um certo reducionismo teórico no que concerne às implicações antropológicas dos direitos específicos perante principalmente as diversas armadilhas da folclorização.
Citizenship and community
Authors: Shirley Robert W.
Published: December 2015

Abstract “Citizenship” is a complex concept. It is usually considered as an individual’s relationship to a nation-state, the duties, obligations and rights that come with residence in a given polity. However, historically, “citizenship” was concerned with the community or city state, the word (from civis) implies this. This paper argues that this local vision of the concept is still vitally important and one’s emotional links to larger institution are usually stronger with the local community than with the nation, especially in countries such as Brazil where national feelings were never strong.
RESSEÇÃO ESPACIAL EM FOTOGRAMETRIA COM QUATÉRNIOS
Authors: Silva Amanda Maria da , Silva Daniel Carneiro da
Published: December 2015

A fotogrametria usa comumente a Equação da colinearidade com as rotações segundo os eixos cartesianos dadas com os ângulos de Euler. No entanto, podem ocorrer combinações desses ângulos que torna a matriz de rotação instável e as soluções podem não convergir ou serem indefinidas. Este problema, chamado de gimbal lock, é muito comum em robótica, visão por computadores e aeronáutica, quando é necessário definir a posição e orientação de uma câmara no espaço tridimensional e tem sido resolvido com a substituição dos ângulos de Euler pelo uso dos quatérnios. Este trabalho tem por objetivo usar esta solução para resolver os problemas de orientações críticas em fotogrametria nos casos de resseção espacial. Foram implementados programas com métodos iterativos e diretos com substituição dos ângulos de Euler pelos quatérnios para comparações com o métoda Equação da colinearidade, usando dados de situações reais de medições obtidas com fotogrametria terrestre. Os diferentes testes e implementações efetuados mostraram as vantagens e desvantagens de cada um dos métodos e comprovou que os quatérnios são mais robustos, fornecem resultados mais confiáveis e permitem cálculos de resseção espacial de fotografias em posições com ambiguidades de rotações e situações críticas de gimbal lock.
SÉRIES TEMPORAIS DE ÍNDICES DE VEGETAÇÃO (NDVI E EVI) DO SENSOR MODIS PARA DETECÇÃO DE DESMATAMENTOS NO BIOMA CERRADO
Authors: BAYMA ADRIANA PANHOL , SANO EDSON EYJI
Published: December 2015

O Cerrado é um bioma caracterizado por uma ampla variedade de formações vegetacionais, pela forte sazonalidade climática e pela acentuada pressão antrópica. Este estudo analisou o uso de séries temporais (2000-2013) do MODIS EVI e MODIS NDVI para detectar desmatamentos no Cerrado. As áreas de estudo corresponderam aos municípios de Jataí/GO, Luís Eduardo Magalhães/BA, Mateiros/TO e São Miguel do Araguaia/GO. As séries temporais foram suavizadas pelo filtro logística dupla, disponível no programa TIMESAT. Foi utilizada a estatística de Kruskal-Wallis para definir se as assinaturas temporais representativas das formações florestais de Jataí e São Miguel do Araguaia e das formações savânicas dos quatro municípios eram estatisticamente iguais. Em seguida, foram definidos os limiares de desmatamento para cada formação vegetacional (valores de EVI e NDVI abaixo dos quais são considerados desmatamentos). Resultados indicaram que não é possível definir um limiar único de desmatamento para cada formação vegetacional, porém, é possível detectar desmatamentos em formações florestais e savânicas. O desempenho do NDVI foi superior ao EVI no sentido de que a redução nos valores de NDVI durante o evento de desmatamento é mais acentuada do que nos valores de EVI.
Gastrointestinal and external parasites of Enicognathus ferrugineus and Enicognathus leptorhynchus (Aves, Psittacidae) in Chile
Authors: Valdebenito José Osvaldo , Moreno Lucila , Landaeta-Aqueveque Carlos , Kinsella John Mike , Mironov Sergey , Cicchino Armando , Troncoso Ignacio , González-Acuña Daniel
Published: December 2015

Abstract Parasite species are important components of biodiversity, as they provide valuable information about host health, evolutionary relationships, population structures, trophic interactions, the existence of environmental stresses, and climatic conditions. With the aim of describing the parasites associated with parrots of the genus Enicognathus Gray 1840 from central Chile, thirteen austral parakeets, Enicognathus ferrugineus, and five slender-billed parakeets, E. leptorhynchus, were examined between September 2007 and March 2014. The prevalence of ectoparasites and endoparasites was 88.9% and 22.2%, respectively. On eleven of the E. ferrugineus (84.6%) analyzed, and on all of the E. leptorhynchus analyzed (100%), five feather mite species (Pararalichus hastifolia, Genoprotolichus major, Protonyssus sp., Fainalges sp., and Eurydiscalges sp.) were collected. On ten E. ferrugineus (76.9%) and two E. leptorhynchus (40%), the chewing lice Heteromenopon macrurum, Psittacobrossus patagoni, and Paragoniocotes enicognathidis were collected. The nematode Capillaria plagiaticia was collected from three E. ferrugineus (23.1%), and the nematode Ascaridia hermaphrodita was found in one E. leptorhynchus (20%). The presence of C. plagiaticia, Protonyssus sp., Fainalges sp., and Eurydiscalges sp. from the two Enicognathus spp. are new records for Chile and represent new parasite-host associations.
Application of different techniques to detect Toxoplasma gondii in slaughtered sheep for human consumption
Authors: Nunes Annelise Castanha Barreto Tenório , Silva Edna Maria Vieira da , Oliveira José Aelson de , Yamasaki Elise Myuki , Kim Pomy de Cássia Peixoto , Almeida Jonatas Campos de , Nunes Kleber Barros , Mota Rinaldo Aparecido
Published: December 2015

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep slaughtered in the state of Alagoas, Brazil, by means of different diagnosis techniques. Serum samples and tissues from 100 slaughtered sheep were used. To detect antibodies, the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) was used, and tissues from seropositive animals (cut-off ≥1:64) were submitted to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). To assess the concordance between the direct techniques, the kappa test was used. In the IFAT, it was observed that 14% (14/100) of the ovine samples were serum-positive. In the PCR, 21.43% (3/14) of the animals were positive and in IHC, it was observed that 7.14% (1/14) were positively stained for T. gondii in cerebral tissue. Histopathologically, the predominant finding was the presence of mononuclear cell infiltrate in the heart and a perivascular cuff in the cerebrum and cerebellum. The concordance between the direct diagnosis techniques was moderate (k=0.44). Thus, it is important to use different direct techniques in diagnosing toxoplasmosis in naturally infected sheep.
Selbstoptimierende Produktionssysteme
Authors: Stemmler Sebastian , Abel Dirk , Adams Oliver , Klocke Fritz
Published: December 2015

Um konventionelle Produktionsmaschinen für ein zu fertigendes Produkt einzustellen, ist ein fundiertes Prozess- und Maschinenverständnis des Fachpersonals notwendig. Zur Erhöhung des Automatisierungsgrades wird im Beitrag das Konzept selbstoptimierender Produktionssysteme vorgestellt. Essenziell ist dabei der systematische Aufbau zusätzlicher Regelschleifen. Mit Hilfe einer modellbasierten prädiktiven Regelung wird eine Möglichkeit aufgezeigt, mit der die hardwarenahen Regelungen von den übergeordneten Optimierungsverfahren entkoppelt werden können und so die Übertragbarkeit der Selbstoptimierung verbessert werden kann.
Aplicativos móveis para pessoas com deficiência aplicando-se técnicas de ciência de contexto
Authors: Santos Elisângela De Souza , Oliveira Cássio Da Silva , Silva Indy Paula Soares Cordeiro e , Figueirêdo Hugo Feitosa de
Published: December 2015

O presente artigo apresenta um aplicativo que fornece serviços baseados em localização – LBS – Location-Based Services. O Acessibility foi concebido utilizando Ciência de Contexto, levando em consideração o contexto no qual o usuário está inserido, para disponibilizar as informações corretas e necessárias que auxiliem o usuário portador de necessidades físicas. Além disso, auxilia o usuário portador de necessidades visuais a se localizar dentro da estrutura do IFPB, Campus Monteiro, por meio de dispositivos móveis com uso da tecnologia NFC de localização, através de ondas de curto alcance e com o auxílio de síntese de voz. Outros dois aplicativos foram desenvolvidos, com o intuito de complementar o Acessibility: o WhiteBoard e o Partitura. O primeiro é voltado a alunos cujas deficiências são auditivas e motoras. É uma espécie de tela na qual os usuários que não dominam a linguagem de sinais ou que possuem limitação física para escrever com caneta podem interagir melhor com o professor. O segundo aplicativo é voltado a alunos cuja deficiência é intelectual e/ou motora e tem por objetivo principal auxiliar alunos do Curso de Música a inserir as notas musicais na
partitura. Para que fosse desenvolvido um aplicativo útil e promissor, foram feitos estudos do mercado atual,
além do mapeamento dos alunos portadores de deficiências no IFPB, campus Monteiro.
Perfil das mães de recém-nascidos pré-termo e/ou de baixo peso assistidos pelo método Mãe Canguru
Authors: Alves Aline De Sousa , Feitosa Jandeyse Karrollyne de Souza , Medeiros Lavoisier Morais de , Assis Samara Campos de , Belchior Aucelia Cristina Soares
Published: December 2015

A cada ano, no mundo, estima-se que 4 milhões de recém-nascidos morram nas primeiras 4 semanas de vida (período neonatal). A baixa renda familiar aparenta ser um fator de risco isolado para a maior mortalidade no primeiro ano de vida. O Método Mãe Canguru foi inspirado nas mães-canguru, que transportavam seus filhotes prematuros contra o peito, e também nas mães-indianas, que carregavam seus bebês de forma semelhante aos marsupiais. Diante disso, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar o perfil biossociodemográfico das mães de recém-nascidos pré-termo e/ou de baixo peso assistidos pelo Método Mãe Canguru (MMC). A amostra foi composta por 8 mães com idades entre 18 e 28 anos, às quais foi aplicado um questionário, com o intuito de investigar a percepção das mães a respeito do MMC, com as seguintes variáveis: idade da mãe, estado civil, idade gestacional, consultas pré-natal, renda familiar, com quem vivem, ocupação atual, e se o método vai ajudar seu filho. Conclui-se que as mães analisadas apresentaram fatores de risco para parto pré-maturo e/ou de baixo peso, como a baixa idade materna, poucas consultas pré-natal realizadas, idade gestacional, sendo a baixa renda familiar o fator mais relevante. Quanto ao conhecimento das mães sobre o MMC, foi visto que
todas tinham informações suficientes para darem continuidade ao método.
Síntese e avaliação da atividade antifúngica de compostos 2,3-Diidro-1,3,4-Oxadiazol sobre cepas de Candida albicans
Authors: Oliveira Cledualdo Soares de , Vicente Maurício , Sousa Helivaldo Diógenes da Silva , Lima Edeltrudes De Oliveira
Published: December 2015

Infecções fúngicas superficiais, subcutâneas e sistêmicas têm aumentado gradualmente ao longo das últimas três décadas, levando a taxas consideráveis de morbidade e mortalidade. Entre as diferentes espécies de fungos, Candida albicans é a espécie mais frequentemente associada com lesões orais e tem sido a principal responsável por causar candidíase em pacientes imunocomprometidos e imunocompetentes. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a síntese de cinco novos compostos da classe 2,3-diidro-1,3,4-oxadiazol e a investigação de suas potencialidades antifúngicas frente a linhagens de Candida Albicans. Os compostos foram sintetizados por meio da reação de ciclização de N-acilhidrazonas com anidrido acético. As estruturas dos compostos foram devidamente caracterizadas por técnicas espectroscópicas de IV, RMN de 1H, RMN de 13C. Todos os compostos foram submetidos a estudos de atividade antifúngica in vitro frente a cepas de Candida Albicans. Os compostos não apresentaram atividade antifúngica. 
Mídia advocacy : alternativa de prevenção ao uso de drogas
Authors: Medeiros Crisvalter Rogério de Araújo , Medeiros Vania Maria de , Conceição Maria Inês Gandolfo
Published: December 2015

Este trabalho contesta as duas vertentes de prevenção ao uso de drogas mais abordadas pelos meios de comunicação social: o discurso de “guerra às drogas” e as campanhas educativas, com o objetivo de apresentar uma alternativa midiática a essas intervenções, conhecida como mídia advocacy. A partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica na Medline, de publicações do período de 1997 a 2009, discorre-se sobre o conteúdo de mídia advocacy nas publicações dessa base de dados. Conclui-se que essa estratégia se apresenta como uma alternativa eficiente de empoderamento das comunidades para influenciar quem tem o poder de implantar políticas públicas sobre drogas.
Diagnóstico do acondicionamento e transporte de RCCs gerados pelas empresas construtoras da grande João Pessoa
Authors: Medeiros Mirela Oliveira , Silva Meryhelen Rosas da , Araújo Nelma Mirian Chagas de , Meira Alexsandra Rocha
Published: December 2015

O presente artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa exploratória descritiva que teve por objetivo elaborar um diagnóstico quanto ao acondicionamento e transporte dos RCCs (Resíduos da Construção Civil) produzidos pelas empresas construtoras da grande João Pessoa nos seus canteiros de obras, tomando como referencial as disposições contidas na Resolução nº. 307/2002 do CONAMA (Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente) e na Lei Municipal n°. 11.176/2007. O universo da pesquisa foi composto pelas empresas construtoras de edificações verticais cadastradas no Sindicato da Indústria da Construção Civil de João Pessoa (SINDUSCON-JP) e pelas empresas especializadas em transporte de RCCs cadastradas na EMLUR (Autarquia Especial Municipal de Limpeza Urbana). Já a amostra foi composta por dez empresas construtoras que aceitaram participar da pesquisa e que possuíam, no momento da pesquisa, canteiros de obras na grande João Pessoa, e por quatro empresas especializadas em transporte de RCCs que atuam na grande João Pessoa. Os resultados revelam que, apesar das empresas pesquisadas – construtoras e transportadoras – afirmarem possuir conhecimento das legislações relativas ao gerenciamento dos RCCs, o conhecimento demonstrado ainda é muito incipiente e essas empresas ainda não despertaram para as potencialidades dos resíduos quanto à reciclagem.
The relative contribution of grazing and climate variation on vegetation change in alpine area
Authors: Fosaa Anna Maria
Published: December 2015

For more than a decade, a warming and grazing experiment has been carried out in the alpine area of the Faroe Islands. Ten Open Top Chambers (OTCs) were placed inside an enclosure with control plots both inside (CtrlE) and outside (CtrlO) the enclosure. The difference in vegetative growth of the two species Salix herbacea and Polygonum viviparum and graminoids were monitored as well as the frequencies of the four functional types: herbs, graminoids, woody species and bryophytes. It was found that warming generally increased leaf length by around 30% with similar or larger increases in photosynthetic leaf area. Grazing reduced leaf length by around 30% for graminoids and Polygonum viviparum, but only by around 10-20% for Salix herbacea. The changes in frequencies of functional types were most pronounced for bryophytes and woody species during the latter part of the experiment when both grazing-exclusion and warming increased the frequencies of bryophytes and decreased the frequencies of woody species.
Empirical and Kernel Estimation of the ROC Curve
Authors: Baszczyńska Aleksandra Katarzyna
Published: December 2015

The paper presents chosen methods for estimating the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve, including parametric and nonparametric procedures. Nonparametric  approach may involve the use of empirical method or kernel method of the ROC curve estimation. In the analysis, an attempt of comparison of empirical and kernel ROC estimators is done, considering the impact of sample size, choice of smoothing parameter and kernel function in kernel estimation on the results of the estimation. Based on the results of simulation studies, some suggestions, useful in the procedures of nonparametric ROC curve are determined.
Comparative analysis of sigma-based, quantile-based and time series VaR estimators
Authors: Małecka Marta
Published: December 2015

Since its inception at the end of the XX century, VaR risk measure has gained massive popularity. It is synthetic, easy in interpretation and offers comparability of risk levels reported by different institutions. However, the crucial idea of comparability of reported VaR levels stays in contradiction with the differences in estimation procedures adopted by companies. The issue of the estimation method is subject to the internal company decision and is not regulated by the international banking supervision.The paper was dedicated to comparative analysis of the prediction errors connected with competing VaR estimation methods. Four methods, among which two stationarity-based – variance-covariance and historical simulation – and two time series methods – GARCH and RiskMetricsTM – were compared through the Monte Carlo study. The analysis was conducted with respect to the method choice, series length and VaR tolerance level.The study outcomes showed the superiority of the sigma-based method of variance-covariance over the quantile-based historical simulation. Furthermore the comparison of the stationarity-based estimates to the time series results showed that allowing for time-varying parameters in the estimation technique significantly reduces the estimator bias and variance.
Genetic variation in winter barley and selection of high yielding lines
Authors: Al-Yassin Adnan , Singh* Murari , Baum Michael
Published: December 2015

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is an important crop with excellent nutritious feed and food grain. Winter barley, in particular, is predominantly grown in highland under rainfed systems due to its ability to tolerate cold. However, it has low productivity due to complex genetic mechanisms and limitations in determining an optimal environment for its selection and evaluation. This study evaluated the genetic variability, heritability and genetic gain for yield in barley, using preliminary un-replicated yield trials in 2011 at two locations and followed by replicated sets of yield trials in 2012, all in Syria. Significant genotypic variability was found at both stages of the evaluation/selection. During 2011, the best linear unbiased predictor means of test genotypes adjusted for spatial variability were found in the range of 1.75–3.75 t/ha at Tel Hadya and 0.03–1.58 t/ha at Breda. A set of 22 advanced yield trials comprising a total of 601 lines at Tel Hadya in 2012 yielded in the range of 1.85–3.13 t/ha. Based on the mean over these set of trials, the highest heritable trait was days to heading (broad-sense heritability on mean-basis= 0.64) followed by yield (the heritability = 0.30). The yield gain due to selection, at 20% intensity of selection, was 5.66% at Tel Hadya and 27.1% at Breda in 2011 using un-replicated genetic material, while it was 7.01 % for the replicated trials at Tel Hadya in 2012. We recommend use of the best lines selected in 2012 at Tel Hadya for further exploitation in genotype × environment interaction studies for high yield and specific and broad adaptation.
Physiological and biochemical responses of wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) to cold stress conditions
Authors: Saghfi* Siamak , Eivazi1 Ali Reza , Gasimov Nemat
Published: December 2015

Field and laboratory experiments were carried out to determine the effect of cold stress on fifteen wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Fifteen cultivars including winter cultivars viz., Sayson, Marton, Gaskoghen, C-82-12, C-82-13, facultative cultivars: Alvand, Mahdavi, Zarrin, Marvdasht, Tous and spring cultivars viz., Shiraz, Pishtaz, M-79-7, M-81-13, Kavir were sown at three dates (15 October, 15 November and 15 December) based on complete blocks design with three replications under field conditions. In laboratory experiment the same cultivars were evaluated under cold stress at two and four leaves growth stages. Results showed that there were significant differences among cultivars in grain yield, potassium accumulation, lethal temperature (LT50), ion leakage, chlorophyll content a and b among growing stages, genotypes and interaction between them. Ion leakage was the highest for M-81-13 cultivar (81.12ds m-1). C-82-12 and Gaskogen with more than 6.44 % and Sayson with 4.89 % potassium accumulations had the highest and lowest values. Lethal temperature of Gaskogen and Shiraz were -42 and -28°C. Gaskogen was tolerant to cold stress and hadn’t high grain yield potential. The highest chlorophyll a and proline content were obtained for Marvdasht and Gaskoghen with 2.51mg.g-1 and 0.34mg.g-1 at two leaves growth stage. In contrast the lowest chlorophyll b related to Sayson and C-82-12 with 1.37 and 1.39 mg g-1, respectively. All cultivars at first planting date had more grain yield than two other planting dates.
Comparative evaluation of sticky paper and hive debris as sampling methods for population assessment of Varroa destructor in Apis mellifera colonies
Authors: . Asha* , Gulati1 Rachna , Sharma2 S.K. , Aneja3 D.R.
Published: December 2015

In the present investigation, two sampling methods for V. destructor; hive debris and sticky paper method was compared year around in A. mellifera colonies to know the viable method. Between the two methods, sticky paper method was found significantly better (CD = 0.11; p = 0.05). More mitefall was recorded in sticky paper method (17.58 mites/hive) than in hive debris sampling (11.41 mites/hive). Fortnightly data analysis showed two peaks of Varroa; one in second fortnight of May and other in first fortnight of July in both sampling methods. Maximum number of mites (63.27 mites/hive) was recorded in second fortnight of May in both sampling methods which was significantly higher than the mites recorded at other observation periods (CD = 0.38; p = 0.05).
Yield and nutrient of uptake of gernium (Pelargonium graveolens) in gerniumgarlic intercropping system as influenced by levels of phosphorus and zinc under subtropical region
Authors: Singh Santosh
Published: December 2015

Field experiment was conducted at Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow to evaluate the growth and yield of geranium and garlic in intercropping system. Maximum dry matter accumulation was noticed during 120-135 DAP. Dry matter accumulation in geranium paired sole was almost equal to geranium paired intercrop. Application of phosphorus at 40 kg P2 O5 ha−1 and 30 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 significantly increased the dry matter accumulation of plants over control at all the stages of crop growth. Bulb yield of garlic was found to be increased with increase in the application of phosphorus up to 40 kg P2 O5 ha−1 and zinc upto 30 kg ZnSO4 ha−1. The essential oil yield of geranium pure crop significantly improved over essential oil yield of intercropped geranium . Uptake of Zn also increased significantly upto 40 kg P2 O5 ha−1. Higher rates of P decreased the Zn uptake by the plants. Application of 30 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 showed a significant response on the herb and oil yield over no zinc application. The net return from geranium and garlic in paired intercropping system was Rs 2,58,564.95 being higher other cropping system. Thus intercropping garlic with geranium proved economical.
Efficacy of organic solvents for medium term storage of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) pollen
Authors: Kumar K. Sunil , Mathur R. K. , Sparjanbabu D. S.
Published: December 2015

The oil palm is the richest source of vegetable oil in the world. The hybrid nature of crop necessitates artificial hybridization between proven parent palms which in turn require the pollen from male parent to be collected and stored without loss of viability for sufficiently long period. Reports suggested that pollen grains of various taxa could be successfully preserved in different organic solvents. In the present study, attempt was made to evaluate the suitability of organic solvents to store the oil palm pollen at 0 to -5°C temperature. Among the five solvents used, there was significant variation for viability and germination percentages. Viability was the maximum for pollen stored in Diethyl ether (90.45 %) as well as in n-Hexane (88.41%) after 200 days of storage. Viability of pollen stored in Chloroform and Acetone were moderate and in case of Methyl alcohol, complete loss of viability was observed. With respect to pollen germination in vitro, similar trend was observed. The trend was same at different intervals/period of storage. This was confirmed through in vivo pollination and fruits set studies. Thus, present method indicated that it is feasible to store oil palm pollen in non polar solvents beyond 200 days without considerable loss of viability or germination.
Evaluation of cellular thermotolerance and associated heat tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under late sown condition
Authors: Aochen Chubasenla , Prakash Pravin
Published: December 2015

Fifty wheat genotypes were evaluated at the seedling stage of growth, for genetic variation in cellular thermotolerance by cell membrane thermostability (CMS) and Triphenyl tetrazolium choride (TTC) assays. A subset of eight genotypes was also evaluated at the anthesis stage using the same assays. Large and significant differences existed among wheat genotypes for TTC and CMS at the seedling and anthesis stages. Average thermotolerance declined from seedling to anthesis stage. Thermotolerance was well-correlated between growth stages among the eight genotypes for both CMS (r=0.95; p= 0.01) and TTC (r=0.92; p= 0.01). The correlation between TTC and CMS among the eight genotypes at seedling and anthesis stages was significant (r=0.95; p=0.01 and r =0.93; p= 0.01, respectively). The effect of heat stress on wheat genotypes selected on the basis of TTC and CMS thermotolerance ratings were evaluated. 1000-grain weight, grain filling duration (GFD) and grain filling rate (GFR) reduced under heat stress. The heat susceptibility index (S) revealed K-65 and Yangmai6 to be susceptible and NW-1014 and DBW-14 to be moderately tolerant to heat stress. GFR and 1000-grain weight were found to have highly significant positive correlation with CMS and TTC ratings at both seedling and anthesis stages.
Nutrient content, uptake and yield in African marigold (Tagetes erecta Linn) as influenced by pinching and foliar application of gibberellic acid
Authors: Badge* Shalini , Panchbhai D.M. , Gajbhiye R.P.
Published: December 2015

Present experiment was conducted at Main Garden of University, Akola, Department of Horticulture, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Agriculture University, Akola during summer season of the years 2010-11 and 2011-12, to study the effect of pinching (No pinching, pinching at 15, 22, and 30 days after transplanting ) and foliar application of gibberellic acid (100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm and control) at 15th and 30th days after planting on NPK content and uptake by pinching and gibberellic acid spray. The results revealed that maximum nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content and uptake as well as yield parameters viz., weight of flower, number of flower plant-1, yield of flower plant-1 and hectare-1 by African marigold plants were recorded by pinching at 15 days after transplanting and foliar application of gibberellic acid 300 ppm.
Assessment of variability for agro-morphological traits in elite lentil (Lens culinaris) lines using multivariate analysis
Authors: Bhartiya Anuradha , Aditya J. P. , Singh Sher
Published: December 2015

Genetic variability was assessed using multivariate analysis among elite lentil lines derived through hybridization between macrosperma and microsperma types. As per principal component analysis, first four principal components (PC) expressed 83.50% of total variation in which PC I, PC II, PC III & PC IV accounted for 34.73%, 27.14%, 11.94% and 9.69% of total variation, respectively. On the basis of cluster analysis, cluster III was found promising for yield and its major component traits as it had the highest mean values for number of pods per plant (69), 100 seed weight (1.81g), seed yield per plant (1.73g), biological yield per plant (5.0g), harvest index (35.13%) and maturity (159 days). The correlation study between yield and its components, traits viz., biological yield per plant (r=0.70), number of pods per plant (r=0.55) and delayed maturity (r=0.40) were found major yield contributing traits and can be given due emphasis during development of improved genotypes of lentil for rainfed condition of Uttarakhand hills.
Climate change and food production in North West India
Authors: Ahlawat* Savita , Kaur Dhian
Published: December 2015

At present, climate change is one of the most challenging environmental issues as it poses potential threat to different sectors of economy at global level. Agriculture being an open activity is primarily dependent on climatic factors and change in climatic conditions affects the production, quality and quantity of crop production in an area. This paper attempts to study effects of only two parameters of climate i.e. temperature and rainfall on agricultural production in northwest region of India. Northwest region comprising of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu Kashmir states is the greatest food bowl of India contributing to its food security. The analysis of mean monthly rainfall and maximum and minimum temperatures (1901-2006) shows no significant change in temperature and rainfall conditions from 1901 to 1960; but afterward the change is more pronounced. On the whole any significant change in climatic conditions will not only challenge the food production of the region but also challenge the country’s food security situation.
Techniques to enhance storage potential of jatropha (Jatropha curcas L) seeds
Authors: Prakash M. , Narayanan G. Sathiya , Devendran M.
Published: December 2015

Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the effect of different pre storage treatments and packaging materials on storability of Jatropha seeds. The treatments included halogen mixture @ 3g kg−1, Thiram @ 2g kg−1 and packed in three different containers viz., Aluminium container , Polythene bag and Cloth bag. The seeds were evaluated at monthly intervals upto ten months and observations on germination percent and vigour index were recorded in two varieties viz., Chidambaram local and Sirkali local. The results revealed that Jatropha seeds treated with halogen mixture and stored in aluminium container could be stored upto 7 months without loss in vigour and viability.
Assessment of some seedling traits associated with drought tolerance in Triticum and Aegilops species of wheat
Authors: Kumar* Ashok , Bal R S , Singh Mandeep
Published: December 2015

Wheat is the most important widely cultivated crops in the world. Its yield is greatly influenced by both biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, an evaluation of different species belonging to Triticum and Aegilops species for seedling traits was attempted. All the traits i.e. root length, shoot length and coleoptile length showed high heritability in broad sense and root length showed significantly positive correlation with coleoptile length under both moisture non- stress (E1) and moisture stress (E2) environments. All the traits showed a decreasing trend under moisture stress conditions in all the species and the reduction for all the traits were more pronounced in wild species than the cultivated species.
Effect of acidulated rock phosphate on growth yield attributes and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Chaudhary*1 Santosh Kumar , Kumar Rajeew , Singh2 A K , Kumar1 Rakesh
Published: December 2015

A field experiment was conducted to study the performance of wheat crop under acidulated rock phosphate (RP) during rabi season 2009-2010 The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with A total of ten treatments viz., single super phosphate (SSP) alone, RP alone, RP + gypsum, RP + SSP, RP + PSB, RP + FYM, RP + FYM + PSB, RP + pressmud (PM) , RP + PM + PSB and RP + pyrites and crop wheat var. PBW-550 were selected. Crop yield differed significantly due to different treatments. RP + gypsum produced maximum grain yield (49.2 q ha-1), biological yield (120 q ha-1), plant height, shoot population, dry matter accumulation and yield attributes viz., spike length, number of fertile spikelets per spike and number of grain per spike, over other treatments. Rock phosphate acidulated with gypsum, each 300 kg ha-1 found best in terms of recording grain, straw and biological yield and hence, can be use as alternate source of phosphatic fertilizer.
Effects of intake air temperature on homogenous charge compression ignition combustion and emissions with gasoline and n-heptane
Authors: Zhang Jianyong , Li Zhongzhao , Zhang Kaiqiang , Lv Xingcai , Huang Zhen
Published: December 2015

In a port fuel injection engine, Optimized kinetic process (OKP) technology
is implemented to realize HCCI combustion with dual-fuel injection. The
effects of intake air temperature on HCCI combustion and emissions are
investigated. The results show that dual-fuel control prolongs HCCI
combustion duration and improves combustion stability. Dual-fuel HCCI
combustion needs lower intake air temperature than gasoline HCCI combustion,
which reduces the requirements on heat management system. As intake air
temperature decreases, air charge increases and maximum pressure rising rate
decreases. When intake air temperature is about 55?C, HCCI combustion becomes
worse and misfire happens. In fixed dual fuel content condition, HC and CO
emission decreases as intake air temperature increases. The combination of
dual-fuel injection and intake air temperature control can expand operation
range of HCCI combustion.
Experimental investigation of an improved exhaust recovery system for liquid petroleum gas fueled spark ignition engine
Authors: Gürbüz Habib , Akçay Hüsameddin
Published: December 2015

In this study, we have investigated the recovery of energy lost as waste heat
from exhaust gas and engine coolant, using an improved thermoelectric
generator (TEG) in a LPG fueled SI engine. For this purpose, we have designed
and manufactured a 5-layer heat exchanger from aluminum sheet. Electrical
energy generated by the TEG was then used to produce hydrogen in a PEM water
electrolyzer. The experiment was conducted at a stoichiometric mixture ratio,
1/2 throttle position and six different engine speeds at 1800-4000 rpm. The
results of this study show that the configuration of 5-layer counterflow
produce a higher TEG output power than 5-layer parallel flow and 3-layer
counterflow. The TEG produced a maximum power of 63.18 W when used in a
5-layer counter flow configuration. This resulted in an improved engine
performance, reduced exhaust emission as well as an increased engine speed
when LPG fueled SI engine is enriched with hydrogen produced by the PEM
electrolyser supported by TEG. Also, the need to use an extra evaporator for
the LPG fueled SI engine is eliminated as LPG heat exchangers are added to
the fuel line. It can be concluded that an improved exhaust recovery system
for automobiles can be developed by incorporating a PEM electrolyser, however
at the expense of increasing costs.
Electricity production from biogas in Serbia: Assessment of emissions reduction
Authors: Cvetkovic Slobodan , Kaludjerovic-Radoicic Tatjana , Kragic Rastislav , Kijevcanin Mirjana
Published: December 2015

Biogas represents a promising source for the production of clean energy. The
objective of this paper was to quantify the potential for the reduction of
emissions to the environment during the production of electricity from biogas
in comparison with environmental effects of the production of the same amount
of electricity from fossil resources (coal from Kolubara basin and natural
gas). Basis for comparison of environmental impacts in this work was the
annual production of electricity in biogas plants of the total capacity of 80
MW. This study has shown that the annual production of electricity from
biogas power plants of 80 MW results in: substitution of up to 840 kt of coal
from Kolubara basin and 123.2 million m3 of natural gas; reduction in
emissions of greenhouse gases in the range of 491.16 kt - 604.97 kt CO2-eq,
depending on the energy efficiency of the process of electricity production
from biogas; reduction in emissions of greenhouse gases up to 92.37 kt CO2-eq
compared to the use of natural gas for electricity generation.
Three phase Eulerian-granular model applied on numerical simulation of non-conventional liquid fuels combustion in a bubbling fluidized bed
Authors: Nemoda Stevan , Mladenovic Milica , Paprika Milijana , Eric Aleksandar , Grubor Borislav
Published: December 2015

The paper presents a two-dimensional CFD model of liquid fuel combustion in
bubbling fluidized bed. The numerical procedure is based on the two-fluid
Euler-Euler approach, where the velocity field of the gas and particles are
modeled in analogy to the kinetic gas theory. The model is taking into
account also the third - liquid phase, as well as its interaction with the
solid and gas phase. The proposed numerical model comprise energy equations
for all three phases, as well as the transport equations of chemical
components with source terms originated from the component conversion. In the
frame of the proposed model, user sub-models were developed for heterogenic
fluidized bed combustion of liquid fuels, with or without water. The results
of the calculation were compared with experiments on a pilot-facility (power
up to 100 kW), combusting, among other fuels, oil. The temperature profiles
along the combustion chamber were compared for the two basic cases:
combustion with or without water. On the basis of numerical experiments,
influence of the fluid-dynamic characteristics of the fluidized bed on the
combustion efficiency was analyzed, as well as the influence of the fuel
characteristics (reactivity, water content) on the intensive combustion zone.