bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peyami Safa’nın Hareket Yazıları
Authors: AYVAZOĞLU Beşir
Published: May 2022

Fahri Kemal ve Suat Tahsin [Türk] sahipliğinde haftalık olarak yayımlanan ve ilk sayısı 11 Mayıs 1929 tarihinde çıkan haftalık Hareket gazetesinin yazarlarından biri olan Peyami Safa, bu gazetede yeni neslin sözcülüğünü üstlenmişti. Nâzım Hikmet'in yardımcı olduğu Hareket'te Peyami Safa'nın "Varız Diyen Nesil" başlıklı ilk yazısı, Shakespeare ve "Saman Ekmeği" kavgasından sonra "Alay Köşkü Yârânı" diye anılmaya başlanan genç yazarların beyannamesi niteliğini taşıyordu. Yazılarıyla Alay Köşkü'nde faaliyet gösteren Güzel Sanatlar Birliği Edebiyat Şubesi'nin bölünmesine ve istifalara yol açan Peyami Safa, başta Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu olmak üzere eski nesilden yazarlara savaş açmıştı. Bildiride öncesi ve sonrasıyla bu kavga ve Peyami Safa'nın Hareket'te yayımlanan yirmi yedi yazıda sergilediği yaklaşım ele alınmaktadır.
Türk Düşünce Hayatında Peyami Bey
Authors: KÖSEOĞLU Nevzat
Published: May 2022

Peyami Safa, Türkiye'nin çağdaşlaşma tartışmalarında DoğuBatı sentezini savunmuş, coğrafya ve tarih olarak da bu sentezi gerçekleştirebilecek bir konumda olduğumuzu ileri sürmüştür. İslam ve Batı medeniyetlerini, kaynaklarına inerek inceleyen Peyami Bey, bu iki medeniyetin birbirlerine yabancı olmadığını, çeşitli dönemlerde birbirlerini etkilemiş, hatta kaynaklık ettiklerini ifade etmiştir. Türk aydınlarının 19. yüzyıl pozitivist anlayışına takılı kalmalarını eleştirerek, ilmi zihniyetin mistik bir yönelişe girdiğini, bizim bu yönelişi kavramakta daha birikimli olduğumuzu söyler. Avrupa birliğini de olumlayan yazar, bu ümidin başarılı olabilmesi için, milletlerin millî kimlik ve kişiliklerini kazanmış olmaları gerektiğini vurgular.
Peyami Safa: Dil ve Üslup Üzerine
Authors: NERİMANOĞLU Kamil Veli
Published: May 2022

Dil hayatında özellikle de edebî dil yaşamında temizlenme ve zenginleşme kavramları önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bazen biri diğerine karşı koyulan bu kavramlar, orantılı kullanılmayı ve temizlenmedenkleştirmeyi gerektiriyor. Bu bakımdan Peyami Safa'nın dil üzerine söylediği fikirler ve gözlemler, çağdaş Türk dünyası dil politikasında çok büyük ehemmiyet taşımaktadır. Biz aşağıdaki problemler üzerine sırasıyla Peyami Safa'nın edebî dil ilkelerini araştırmasını önemli buluyoruz:

- Halk edebiyatından edebi dile alınan kelimeler;

- Yazılı abidelerden alınan kelimeler;

- Yeni üretilen kelimeler;

- Uyduruk kelimelerin kullanılmasının zararları;

- Aşırı temizleme cehtleri;

- Üslup şeffaflığı ve aydınlığı;

- Dilin kendi imkânlarıyla zenginleşmesi;

- Alıntı kelimelerin asgari kullanımı.
Peyami Safa’nın Romancılığında Cumbadan Rumbaya’nın Yeri
Authors: TERCÜMAN Çilem
Published: May 2022

Cumbadan Rumbaya, Peyami Safa'nın Server Bedi imzasıyla neşrettiği romanlardan biridir ve yıllar boyunca araştırmacılar tarafından "popüler" olarak nitelenerek Peyami Safa'nın romancılığı içerisindeki yeri göz ardı edilmiştir. Oysa ki Peyami Safa'nın Server Bedi imzasıyla neşrettiği eserlerde de onun usta romancılığının izlerini görmek mümkündür. Cumbadan Rumbaya, ele aldığı meseleler ve bu meseleleri işleyiş tarzı bakımından Peyami Safa'nın romancılığı içerisinde ayrıcalıklı bir yere sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, Cumbadan Rumbaya'nın, her ne kadar Server Bedi imzasıyla yayımlanmış da olsa Peyami Safa'nın romancılığındaki göz ardı edilemez önemine dikkat çekilirken eserin nitelikli yönleri vurgulanarak söz konusu edilecektir.
Peyami Safa’nın Türk İnkılâbına Bakışlar’ı
Authors: UÇMAN Abdullah
Published: May 2022

Cumhuriyet döneminin önde gelen romancılarından biri olan Peyami Safa, aynı zamanda Kültür Haftası ve Türk Düşüncesi dergilerini çıkarmış, Türk İnkılâbına Bakışlar adlı eseri kaleme almış bir fikir adamıdır. Onun bu eserinde bir yandan II. Meşrutiyet sonrasının belli başlı fikir akımları ele alınırken esas olarak Cumhuriyet'ten sonraki yeni Türkiye'yi belirleyen Cumhuriyet inkılâpları ayrıntılarıyla tahlil edilmiştir. Bu yazıda Peyami Safa'nın görüşleri ele alınmakta, zaman içinde bunların bir kısmının geçerliliğini kaybedip kaybetmediği üzerinde durulmaktadır.
Peyami Safa’nın Düşünce ve Sanat Dünyasında Mistisizm
Authors: YILDIZ Ali
Published: May 2022

Peyami Safa, sadece şekil hususiyetleri bakımından değil, geniş bir entellektüel arka planın tezahür ettiği zengin ve derin muhtevasıyla da mühim olan romanlar kaleme almıştır. Bu romanların hemen hepsinde, ahlâk ve medeniyet kavramlarının ana ekseni oluşturduğu görülür. Yazarın düşünce dünyasında vuku bulan arayışlar, ahlak ve medeniyet meseleleriyle ilgili görüşlerinin, mistisizm dolayısıyla genişlemesi ve tamamlanması sonucunu doğurmuş ve bu durum romanlarına da aksetmiştir. Matmazel Noraliya'nın Koltuğu ve Yalnızız, mistisizmin bir dünya görüşü olarak yer aldığı ve izah edildiği romanlardır.
Meşrutiyet Döneminde Kadın Hakları Savunuculuğunda Gelenekçi Bir Yazar: Avanzade Mehmet Süleyman
Authors: KANTER Beyhan
Published: May 2022

Tanzimat'ın getirdiği yeniliklerden birisi de Osmanlı devletinde kadın hakları konusunun gündeme gelmesidir. Bu dönemde kadınlarla ilgili pek çok gazete ve dergi yayınlanması ve kadın yazarların basın dünyasında etkin bir yer edinmeleri, kadın konusunun sıklıkla tartışılmasına yol açmıştır. Özellikle II. Meşrutiyet dönemi yazarları kadınlarla ilgili her türlü konuyu ele almışlardır. Meşrutiyet dönemi yazarlarından Avanzade Mehmet Süleyman, kadınların eğitilmesi ve sosyal yaşam içinde görünürlük kazanmalarının önemini vurgulayan yazılar yazar. Ahlaklı İslam kadınlarının yetişmesinin toplumu kurtaracağı düşüncesinde olan Avanzade Mehmet Süleyman, kadınlarla ilgili her türlü konuda eser vermiştir. Bu makalede, Avanzade Mehmet Süleyman'ın ideal kadın anlayışı irdelenecektir.
Yazma Eserlerde Fiziksel Niteleme
Authors: RUKANCI Fatih
Published: May 2022

Türkiye'de yazma eserlerin bibliyografik denetimine ilişkin yapılan çalışmalar çoğunlukla projelerle gündeme gelmiş ve günümüze kadar birçok yazma eser kataloğu yayınlanmıştır. Bu çalışmalar yazma eserlerin tespiti açısından oldukça önemlidir ancak özellikle fiziksel / sanatsal tanımlamalar açısından yetersiz kalmaktadır. Bu yetersizlik yazma eser kataloglanması işlemlerinde çalışanların yazma eserlerin fiziksel nitelemesine ilişkin yeterli bilgiye sahip olmayışından kaynaklanmaktadır. Nitekim yazma eserlerin bibliyografik nitelemesi, özellikle de fiziksel özelliklerinin tüm yönleriyle ortaya koyularak eserin sanatsal açıdan taşıdığı değerin yansıtılması ayrı bir uzmanlık alanıdır. Makalenin amacı özellikle Osmanlı dönemi yazma eserlerinin fiziksel tanımlamalarına ilişkin temel bilgiler vermek ve katalog kayıtlarında bir standart oluşturulmasına kaynaklık etmektir. Katalog kayıtlarındaki bu standartlaşma daha nitelikli katalog kayıtları ile yazma eserlerimizin hizmete sunulmasına katkıda bulunacaktır.
Romandan Tiyatroya: Yaprak Dökümü, Eski Şarkı
Authors: TOPÇU Hayrunisa
Published: May 2022

Reşat Nuri Güntekin, Türk edebiyatının en üretken yazarlarından biridir. Özellikle roman ve tiyatro türünde birçok eseri vardır. Tiyatro konusunda dekordan oyun yazarına kadar her alanda kafa yormuş ve bu konuda birçok makale yazmıştır. Yaprak Dökümü ve Eski Hastalık isimli romanları, kendisi tarafından tiyatro oyunu haline getirilmiştir. Yaprak Dökümü, roman olarak 1930'da yayınlanmış, 1943-1944 yıllarında sahnelenmiştir. Eski Hastalık, roman olarak 1938'de yayınlanmış, 1951'de ise Eski Şarkı adıyla tiyatro oyunu olarak sahnelenmiştir. Bir romanın tiyatro eserine dönüştürülmesi sırasında özellikle teknik açıdan birtakım değişiklikler yapmak gerekir. Romandan Tiyatroya: Yaprak Dökümü, Eski Şarkı adlı yazıda bu değişimler olay örgüsü, kişiler, zaman, mekan kavramları açısından değerlendirilmiş, romandan tiyatroya aktarılan eserler için kuramsal bir zemin oluşturulmaya çalışılmıştır. Ardından, adı geçen romanlarla tiyatro oyunlarının karşılaştırılması yapılarak aralarındaki farklar belirlenmiş ve dönüştürme işlemi sırasında kullanılan yöntemlerin ortaya çıkarılması hedeflenmiştir. Sonuçta, eserler arasındaki farkların neden kaynaklandığı, eserlere etkilerinin neler olduğu tartışılmıştır.
Veysî’nin Sosyal Tenkit İçerikli Kasides
Authors: GÜLTEKİN Hasan
Published: May 2022

17. asrın ünlü nasiri Veysî'nin kaleme aldığı kaside formundaki bu şiir, dönemin sosyal yaşantısına bireysel ve kurumsal açıdan ağır eleştiri ler getirmektedir. 17. asrın diğer şair ve yazarlarının, toplumun içinde bulunduğu duruma dair eleştirel yaklaşımlarına benzer nitelikteki bu eleştirilerin dozu bazen çok yüksektir. Devlet yönetimindeki zafiyetleri göstermek isteyen Veysî, padişaha devlet yönetimindeki kişilerin zu lüm ve keyfi davranışlarının halkın huzurunu bozduğunu belirtip, tek tek görevlerini sayarak kurumları ve yöneticilerini eleştirmektedir. Ada letin ve kanun hâkimiyetinin zalimlerin eline geçmiş olmasından duy duğu endişesinin korkuya dönüştüğünü, fakat devleti, içinde bulun duğu kötü durumdan kurtaracak adaletli bir padişahın geleceğinden umutlu olduğunu söylemektedir.
Bir Kanon Başlatıcısı Olarak Yeni Lisan Hareketi
Authors: SAZYEK Esra
Published: May 2022

Bir milletin hikâyesini konu alan her türlü edebî anlatının toplamı ola rak tanımlanabilecek millî edebiyat kanonu, hem millî kimliği temsil eder hem de halka milliyetçiliğin değerlerini aşılayarak söz konusu kimliğin üretilmesini sağlar. Toplumların çözülüş zamanlarında ortaya çıkarak bazı ölçütler etrafında eser verilmesi gerektiğini ortaya koyan edebiyat kanonu, tarihî olayları ve kişilikleri, toplumların ortaya çıkış hikâyelerini yine topluma ait bir dille şimdiye taşıyarak, geçmişin gü cüyle geleceği inşa etmeye çalışır. Benzer bir sosyal ve siyasî zeminde filizlenen Yeni Lisan hareketi men suplarının sade bir dil, hece vezni ve millî içerikle yazdıkları edebî eser lerin, Türklüğün doğuş hikâyelerini, Türk tarihini yücelten olay ve ki şileri anımsatarak yeni belleklere taşıması, uyandırılmak istenen millî kimlik aracılığıyla toplumun sürekliliğini sağlamaya yöneliktir. Yeni Lisan hareketinin, 1911'de başlayan etkisini 1930'ların sonuna kadar sürdürmüş olması - ve söz konusu ölçütlere uymayan sanatçıların da bu etki çemberine girmeleri - hareketin edebiyatımızda çok güçlü ve uzun bir kanon başlattığının en büyük kanıtıdır. Kanon'un bu özelliği açısından da bakıldığında, Yeni Lisan hareketinin oluşturduğu kanonik sürecin ve yapının kapsam genişliği çok daha net görülebilmektedir.
Tarihte ve Günümüzde Kadın Mevlevî veya Semâzenler
Authors: YÖNDEMLİ Fuat
Published: May 2022

Konya'da günümüzde her cumartesi gecesi ve ayrıca aralık ayında bir hafta boyunca semâ törenleri yapılmaktadır. Kadın Mevlevîler konusu, Konya'ya Mevlevî törenlerini seyretmeye gelenlerin sıklıkla sorduğu sorular arasın dadır. Konya'daki törenlerde kadın semâzenlere yer verilmediği bilinmek tedir. Ama gerek tarihte, gerekse günümüzde Galata Mevlevîhanesi'nde kadınların da semâ yaptığı bilinmektedir. Bu yazıda eskiden ve günümüz de kadınların semâ yapması hakkındaki bilgiler sunulmuştur.
Art Zamanlı Bir Geçiş: Kelile ve Dimne'den Küçürek Öyküye
Authors: ÖZCAN Tarık
Published: May 2022

Öykünün öyküsü Kelile ve Dimne'yle başlamaktadır. Doğunun bu anlatı ekseninde hayvan sembolizmi yoğunlaştırılmış bir dille birlikte kullanılmaktadır. Küçürek öykünün atmosferini oluşturan simgesellik, yoğunlaştırma ve muğlak metin yaratma geleneğinin başlangıcı Kelile ve Dimne dir. Anlatının derin yapısını semboller üzerine kurma anlayışı da buradan gelmektedir. Öykünün anlatı ekseni Gülistan ve Bostan la daha da kısaltılmıştır. Aynı anlayış Mevlânâ'nın Mesnevî'sindeki kristalize öykülerle anlatım paktını daraltarak ve hikmet burcunda olgunlaşarak devam eder. Fıkralar, küçürek öyküye nüktenin çifte tekniğini sokarak bir başka zenginliği yaşatır. Bütün bunların yanı sıra başlangıcından itibaren küçürek öykünün oluşumunda gizli bir dil şeklinde ve dip bir akıntı olarak hayretin önemli bir yeri vardır. Yeni bir tür olarak gördüğümüz küçürek öykü geçmişin öykü geleneğinden bir hayli yük taşımaktadır.
Öykünün İmkânsızlığı: Rasim Özdenören’in Öykümsüleri
Authors: KANTER M. Fatih
Published: May 2022

Her çağ, kendine uygun yeni edebî türlerin oluşumuna zemin hazırlar. Modern çağın ardından yaşanan hız ve teknoloji çağı da tüketime dayalı bir yaşam algısının benimsenmesine yol açtığı gibi bireylerin tüketim aracılığıyla görünür olmalarına neden olur. Tüketime ilişkin yaşam algısının edebiyata yansıması sözcüklerin daha aza indirgenip öykülerin daha derinlere ve metaforik anlamlara gizlenmesiyle gerçekleşir. İşte bu tür, Batı edebiyatında "short short story" olarak ortaya çıkarken, Türk edebiyatında Ramazan Korkmaz tarafından "küçürek öykü" biçiminde adlandırılmıştır. Bu alanda özellikle Ferit Edgü, türün Türk edebiyatında önemli temsilcilerinden biridir. Ferit Edgü'nün yanı sıra öykü ile uğraşan çağdaş öykücüler de bu türde eserler vermeye başlamışlardır.

Türk edebiyatında Mavera dergisi etrafında toplanıp Maveracılar olarak bilinen edebî topluluğun önemli öykücülerinden Rasim Özdenören de bu türe yakın öyküler yazmıştır. Özdenören bu eserleri "öykümsü" olarak adlandırmıştır. Onun öykümsülerinde temel hareket noktası yaşamda imkânsız görünenler üzerinedir. Bu makalede Özdenören'in İmkânsız Öyküler adlı kitabındaki öykülerin izlekleri üzerinde durulacaktır.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AS A PREREQUISITE FOR IMPROVING THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES IN THE NEGATIVE IMPACT OF MARKET ENVIRONMENT FACTORS
Authors:   Zaporizhzhia National University, Ohrenych Yuliia
Published: May 2022

The article states that the deterioration of efficiency is observed in industrial enterprises, which is explained by the negative impact of market environment factors and, accordingly, the deterioration of economic security. It is established that the prerequisite for improving the state of economic security is the establishment of innovation, which is possible through the introduction and use of information technology. It is substantiated that the use of information technologies will increase the efficiency and reliability of the economic security system of the enterprise. A study of information and communication technologies used in industrial enterprises and their importance. Analyzed by industry indexes number of industrial enterprises which have access to the internet and number of employed who have access to the internet; indexes share of the number of enterprises which have a website of the total number of enterprises; indexes share of the number of enterprises that purchased cloud computing services of the total number of enterprises; indexes share of the number of enterprises using robotics of the total number of enterprises. The components of information and communication technologies and economic security are formed, and also the importance of their use for the organization of effective work of information technologies, increase of efficiency of economic security, and also divisions of the enterprise is defined. A number of problems in the field of information and communication technologies as a basis for ensuring the effectiveness of economic security have been identified. Measures to intensify the use of information and communication technologies and ways to increase the economic security of industrial enterprises are also proposed. It is proved that the use of information technology, improving the state of economic security will allow industrial enterprises to develop successfully in the short and long term. It is established that the use of information technology in enterprises allows to increase its competitiveness, to establish work with suppliers, to meet the needs of consumers, to increase production and sales.
ECONOMIC AND RELIGIOUS RELATIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBALIZATION
Authors:   Uzhhorod National University, Palinchak Mykola , Steblak Diana ,   Uzhhorod National University
Published: May 2022

Globalization is an integral part of today, a process of global economic, political and cultural integration and unification. The process of globalization has many positive and negative consequences, given the views on globalization among scholars divided their views on the positive or negative consequences of globalization in international relations. Features of globalization and its impact on religion are described in the study. Religion has been an integral part of human development throughout history. The influence of religion on the economy and the economy on religion is investigated in the article. The peculiarities of the influence of religion and religious factor on the economy, economic development and factors of economic development of the country are analyzed in the work. Economic and religious relations in the context of globalization are described in the study. The concepts and features of globalization are described. The transformations of the world community into an open integrated system of socio-political, financial-economic, information, socio-cultural relations and interdependencies within the globalization process are studied. The role of religion and church in the development of multinational companies and subsidiaries in Asia is described. The role and place of religion and religious philosophy in the development of the economy of the Asian tiger. The influence of religion and religious philosophy on the development of Asian companies. The influence of religion on the development of the international banking system is analyzed. Features of Islamic banks and the influence of religion and religious traditions on their functioning and development. The modern development of Islamic banks and the principles of their activities in the process of globalization are described. Differences between Islamic banks and others are described. The situation of Islamic banks in the period 2007 is analyzed. The peculiarities of the existence and activity of Islamic banks have interested many of the world’s largest commercial banks, such as «Chase Manhattan», «ING». The work of Islamic banks has attracted a large number of companies, such as «General Motors», «Alcatel», and other. The influence of religion on the economy is a relevant topic of research in political science.
THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE BANK'S LENDING AND INVESTMENT ACTIVITY IN UKRAINE
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Rysin Vitalii , Leso Yana ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: May 2022

The paper deals with the theoretical, regulatory framework for the implementation of lending and investment activities of banks in Ukraine, in particular in the economic downturn caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the article is to reveal the features of bank lending and investing in 2019-2021 and to identify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the implementation of lending and investment activities of banks in Ukraine. The authors' approach to determining the essence of lending and investment activities of banks is substantiated. An assessment of banks' lending and investment activities in 2019-2021 has shown, that 60% of banks' loan and investment portfolios are formed from loans and 40% from investments. The main share of banks credit agreements volume is occupied by loans granted to economic entities; the bank portfolios of securities are formed mainly of profitable and low-risk government bonds. Unprecedented restrictive measures imposed to overcome the pandemic have had an impact on the activities of banking institutions, including reduced income of potential borrowers and their ability to service debt, as well as the problems for banks that have not introduced remote customer service. Analysis of the dynamics and structure of the credit and investment portfolio of Ukrainian banks, investments in investment securities, and long-term investments made it possible to identify the main trends in lending and investment activities of banks in Ukraine. Potential directions of regulatory policy implementation on the banking sector in the context of overcoming the negative consequences of the pandemic should be aimed at creating equal and transparent rules of the game between traditional and new financial service providers. The authors focus the attention on opportunities for the development of lending and investment activities of banks that emerged in the financial market of Ukraine during 2020-2021. Most of these capabilities involve providing simple, intuitive, personalized services across digital platforms with an appropriate level of cybersecurity.
CLUSTERING OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NETWORK ECONOMY
Authors:   National Aviation University, Slyunyaev Artem
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to the processes of clustering in the conditions of development of network economy, post-industrial society. The production of intellectual product and new technologies is becoming more profitable and monopolized by developed countries. Today they are suppliers of a qualitatively new unlimited resource – information and knowledge, receiving at a deliberately reduced cost limited material resources from the countries of the world periphery. This division of labor creates a new mechanism for the formation and distribution of wealth. This division of labor creates a new mechanism for the formation and distribution of wealth. The hallmarks of an information society are: an increase in the role of information and knowledge in society; an increase in the share of information communications, products and services in the gross domestic product; creation of a global information space that provides effective information interaction of people, their access to world information resources and their needs for information products and services. The issues of network economy as a conductor of post-industrial society and clustering are revealed. States that do not join the technological process remain on the sidelines of global economic transformation and risk disappearing as independent. XX century was characterized by rapid transformation processes, which covered all groups of countries, had different nature of implementation and, accordingly, different results. Such views once again confirm the need for countries to achieve self-organization, gaining the opportunity to develop progressively, to be dynamic. Foreign experience of clustering is studied and attention is paid to European states. They are implemented in accordance with the decisions of the EU Lisbon Summit held in 2000 with the aim of introducing in the member states of the Union a knowledge economy capable of ensuring competitiveness on the basis of innovation clusters that exceeds the performance of the US and Japanese economies. In Ukraine, cluster potential exists in agriculture, food and metal production, oil, gas, transport services and logistics. We will leave for further development the interdependence of the quantity / quality of the country's labor force and the information component in the context of clustering development. Of course, the availability of skilled labor is an indicator of economic development and the availability of active information space.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE REAL AND FINANCIAL SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY ON ECONOMIC GROWTH
Authors:   Odessa National Economic University, Vydobora Volodymyr
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to the systematization of economic thought on the features of the real and financial sector of the economy on economic growth, given that the functioning of one sector involves interaction with participants in another sector, and features and trends of interaction of these sectors determine the level, direction and effectiveness of socio-economic development. The importance of the real and financial sectors in the economic system is determined. The functions of the real and financial sectors, ways of their interaction and current trends are identified. It is established that the real and financial sectors act both as subjects and as objects of influence on each other and on economic growth in general. In economic thought there is an opinion that such an impact, depending on the specific economic conditions, may be positive, negative, neutral or non-existent, which accordingly affects the proportionality of macroeconomic processes and development. The negative impact of the financial sector is most pronounced in a weak economy, as it depends on a number of macroeconomic factors, while in developed countries, on the contrary, can create favorable conditions for investment and capital inflows into the real sector. Also the main ideas of economic theory on the influence of both sectors of the economy on the proportionality of macroeconomic processes and opportunities for economic growth are considered. The reasons for the disproportionate development of the real and financial sectors of the economy are identified. The complexity of the balanced relationship between the financial and real sectors of the economy, which has a corresponding effect on macroeconomic stability, has been confirmed. This is due to the socio-economic nature and institutional form of interaction between the real and financial sectors, which change with the development of the economic system. It was found that the type of level of development and proportionality of the real and financial sectors of the economy is determined primarily by the level of development of the economic system and requires an individual approach to analysis in a particular country.
PROSPECTS FOR ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN A PANDEMIC CONDITION: THE EXPERIENCE OF GERMANY AND FRANCE
Authors:   Polissya National University, Horbachova Iryna
Published: May 2022

The Sustainable Development Goals are a kind of call to action from all countries - poor, rich and middle-income. It aims to improve the well-being and protect our planet. States recognize that poverty eradication measures must be taken in parallel with efforts to increase economic growth and address a range of issues in the areas of education, health, social protection and employment, as well as the fight against climate change and the environment. However, the pandemic has a particularly severe impact on the poor around the world. COVID-19 is likely to put some 100 million people out of extreme poverty by 2020 alone, while the United Nations warns that in some regions poverty may rise to levels not seen in 30 years. The coronavirus pandemic has demonstrated that we must work together and give our fight against this crisis the impetus it needs to achieve its sustainable development goals. It is very important for countries to strive to maintain the direction of sustainable development even in the context of a global pandemic, for this it is necessary to adjust development strategies that will help all those affected by this crisis to recover effectively and move on to a course of further development. Even during large-scale domestic reforms, most low-income countries are unable to attract the amount of resources needed to finance these goals. They need strong and extraordinary support from the international community, including private and official donors and international financial institutions. As the second largest donor of official development cooperation and an active participant in the global partnership, Germany plays a decisive role in global development. Germany and France The 2030 Agenda is important as a compass for global change towards greater sustainability – in the economic, environmental and social dimensions and in the context of existing linkages. Economic systems and lifestyles must become more equitable, more sustainable and efficient, and discrimination must also be combated, not least by strengthening effective inclusive and democratic institutions, good governance and the rule of law. No country can overcome this crisis alone. Governments and companies need to share vaccines and technology to keep supplies going and distribution going faster. The best way to do this is COVAX, the global vaccine initiative. The coronavirus pandemic has clearly demonstrated that countries must act together, and Germany and France are examples of this, which provided the necessary impetus in the fight against the crisis to implement the sustainable development goals.
HOTEL HOUSEHOLD MANAGEMENT UNDER CURRENT CONDITIONS: NOWADAYS CIRCUMSTANCES AND WORLD WIDE EXPERIENCE
Authors:   Chernivtsi Trade and Economic Institute Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics, Dolha Halyna , Khytrova Olha ,   Chernivtsi Trade and Economic Institute Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics
Published: May 2022

The article deals with the scientific and applied positions concerning the management of the hotel industry in the conditions of economic crisis. The theoretical evaluations of the concept of hotel business are considered one of the main components of the tourism industry which is dynamically developing and includes a complex of services for tourists and is a key factor in the development of tourism as well as the importance of hotel services in the field of tourism today. The analyzed situation of the development of the hotel industry for the years 1995-2019 shows a decrease in the number of domestic tourists and fluctuations in the number of foreign tourists. It is the hotel companies that perform one of the most important functions in the sphere of tourist services: they provide them with modern accommodation and essential services, since the quality of accommodation and appropriate services significantly affect the level of tourist service. It has been researched that in international tourism the processes of globalization are traced on the example of the tourist accommodation sector where the expansion and development of hotel chains is rapidly increasing. The main problems that hinder the further development of the tourism sector are identified: the lack of a proper regulatory framework and a legitimate strategy for the development of the industry; economic and political instability in the country; limited investment resources; the lack of transparency of the land allocation procedures for the construction of the facility; complexity of the project coordination process (in our country, this procedure takes from one and a half to two years, whereas in Europe no more than two months); imperfection of advertising of Ukrainian tourist centers and correspondingly hotels abroad, etc. Based on statistical surveys the largest concentration of hotel businesses in Europe and the highest occupancy rate of hotels have been considered. The modern tendencies of development of the world hotel industry are determined. In the world the process of mastering new concepts of hotel business and modernization of the old ones is constantly taking place. Globalization and concentration of the hotel business are manifested in the creation of large corporations and hotel chains. This approach allows hotel companies to regroup and attract additional resources for developing their businesses. Using the global experience of hotel management and the quality of service delivery as well as the introduction of innovative trends in the hotel business the tendencies of development of functioning of the hotel industry market in crisis conditions are highlighted. The factors of negative influence on the state of the hotel industry in Ukraine have been formed.
EXPENDITURES OF THE STATE BUDGET OF UKRAINE: ANALYSIS OF DYNAMICS AND STRUCTURE
Authors:   Hryhorii Skovoroda University in Pereiaslav, Malyshko Vitalina , Makarchuk Inna ,   Hryhorii Skovoroda University in Pereiaslav, Hranovskaya Inna ,   Hryhorii Skovoroda University in Pereiaslav
Published: May 2022

The article describes the concept of budget by different scholars. Expenditures of the state budget of Ukraine for 2019–2021 by economic, program and functional classifications are analyzed; reforms in foreign countries to reduce public spending. It is noted that expenditures on economic activity are a very controversial component of the balance of public finances. Important factors of growth of the state expenses are pointed out. An important issue of optimizing public expenditures on the maintenance of executive bodies is to increase the efficiency of their organization and functioning on the basis of modernization of management, legislative definition of functions, introduction of effective ways to implement staffing, logistics and financial support. The main approaches to optimizing the functions of executive bodies should be based on the legal regulation of the distribution of functions in the apparatus of public administration and the structural and functional construction of the system of executive bodies.
JUSTIFICATION OF THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF TAXING FAMILY INCOME
Authors:   Simon Kusnets Kharkiv National University of Economics, Naidenko Oleksii , Karpova Vlada ,   Simon Kusnets Kharkiv National University of Economics
Published: May 2022

The essence and content of family income taxation are considered. Elements of family taxation are singled out. Family tax models are analyzed and their advantages and disadvantages are identified. Methods of taxation of spouses in foreign countries are considered: joint incomes and separate incomes. Approaches to the establishment of elements of family taxation in different countries of the world are studied. Based on the analysis of family taxation, the main characteristics of the family taxation system in foreign countries are substantiated. It is proved that the most appropriate model of family taxation in Ukraine will be the French model, which provides for the use of family coefficients depending on the number of children. The main advantages and risks of implementing a family taxation system are analyzed. The main advantages of the family taxation system are: different approach to the subject of taxation: different categories or classes of taxpayers; the presence of a tax-free minimum for family income allows to implement the principle of social justice of taxation; the ability to choose a joint or separate declaration of income allows taxpayers to choose the best option for taxation; opportunity for each family member to enjoy tax benefits; application of coefficients to the income of family members; revision of the non-taxable minimum income of citizens in connection with inflation; real implementation of the principle of social justice through family taxation. The disadvantages of family taxation are: difficulties in controlling the real income of individuals; possible problems in tax administration by regulatory authorities, as different classes of taxpayers will be introduced and a non-taxable minimum and scale of tax rates will be established; budget losses in case of transfer of persons to the family taxation system; the need to substantiate the amount of the non-taxable minimum income of citizens and the rates of personal income tax on family income. It is determined that the family taxation system should ensure parity of interests of the state (regarding the filling of the budget) and taxpayers (regarding the application of tax benefits in the taxation of family income).
THE COMPARATIVE AND INSTITUTIONAL APPROACH IN THE STUDY OF THE ESSENCE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY
Authors:   Private Higher Education Establishment «Academician Stepan Demianchuk International University of Economics and Humanities», Demydiuk Serhii , Kniazevych Anna ,   Private Higher Education Establishment «Academician Stepan Demianchuk International University of Economics and Humanities», Kraychuk Alexandr ,   Rivne State University of Humanities
Published: May 2022

Entrepreneurial activity is a determining factor in the economic growth of any country in the world. Wherein, the development of entrepreneurship in the country as a whole and in certain areas of economic activity in particular are depending largely on the effectiveness of the organizational and legal system, on the respect for private property rights, on creating a competitive environment, on equality of economic agents, on the availability of effective regulators, various restrictions and barriers to business. That is, the effectiveness of entrepreneurship largely depends on the established system of its regulation within the national economy and a particular area of economic activity. The main economic schools that developed this issue were liberalism, Keynesianism, Marxism, dirigisme, new institutional theory, etc. The comparative-institutional approach was used in the investigation of business regulation, which takes into the account that not only entrepreneurs but also civil servants are limited rational and in everyday activities are pursuing the possibility of maximizing their own benefits, which may be manifested in the opportunistic behavior. The state intervention is not always the only right solution to address specific problems and as an alternative it might be a set of measures to improve regulations to create a competitive environment and creation of a level playing field in regulated areas for all businesses, elimination of existing legal barriers, stimulation of market self-regulation, as well as ensuring the rule of law. Entrepreneurship is an activity that is based on the introduction of innovations in order to deepen the specialization and cooperation of production, aimed at obtaining economic effect and is conducted at their own risk and responsibility. The main feature of entrepreneurship is its innovation. The innovation economics is representing the ability and motivation of enterprises to carry out researches, to develope and to improve the production processes, and to find the new solutions, ideas, concepts of doing business. The analysis of the different ways of the innovative development of the leading countries of the world shows the crucial role of the innovation infrastructure for support the innovative entrepreneurship, and the motivation of the economic entities to overcome such negative phenomena as uncertainty in results and increased risk of economic losses.
Arquitectura de la vivienda social rural post-Covid
Authors: Manrique Niño María Ximena , Perea Restrepo Sergio Antonio , Erazo Solarte Nelson Iván
Published: May 2022

Con la exploración teórica que se presenta a continuación se reflexiona acerca de principios de diseño sostenible y productivo del paisaje, el hábitat, y la arquitectura de la vivienda social rural en Colombia; dicha re flexión describe y presenta soluciones viables de diseño saludable y auto- suficiente, entre otros atributos, aplicables en el diseño de proyectos de vivienda social rural en diferentes contextos climáticos y culturales; el ar- tículo de reflexión también aprovecha la experiencia de coordinación de la arquitecta María Ximena Manrique Niño del concurso público de ideas para el diseño de prototipos de unidades habitacionales sostenibles y productivas para la ruralidad del D. C., promovido en el año 2018 por la Sociedad Colombiana de Arquitectos seccional Bogotá D. C. y Cundinamarca, y la Secretaría Distrital de Planeación de la Alcaldía Mayor de Bogotá D. C.  Como resultado de esta reflexión, en el artículo se presentan en las conclusiones algunas notas y observaciones finales sobre los alcances de la aplicación de los principios expuestos en el artículo, para aportar en la “re-invención” de los atributos cualitativos de habitabilidad y sostenibilidad en la vivienda social rural, como alternativa conceptual y estratégica a situaciones de emergencia como la actual pandemia por el virus de Covid-19. El artículo de reflexión que se presenta a continuación es una oportunidad para divulgar los aportes de los resultados de las reflexiones en torno a un enfoque prospectivo de diseño post-Covid en la arquitectura local.
ASSESSING WATER QUALITY AND THE NON-CARCINOGENIC HEALTH RISKS OF SURFACE AND GROUNDWATER IN IBI – TARABA STATE
Authors: Ojimma Benjamin , Joshua Williams
Published: May 2022

The high concentration of chemical and biological contaminants in rural water is known to cause waterborne and water-related diseases. This study provides insights into the quality of surface and groundwater used for consumption and other domestic uses in Ibi environs. It further assesses the association between water quality variables and evaluates the chronic non-carcinogenic health risk using hazard quotient and hazard index. Thirty water samples each from the river and hand-dug wells were collected and the values of 17 variables were measured. The results showed that 58.8% and 35.3% of surface and groundwater failed to conform to national drinking water guidelines. The result for correlation between measured variables indicates both positive and negative correlation between variables across both water sources with pH negatively correlating with turbidity (r = -0.832) and TDS (r = -0.714) while temperature correlated positively with turbidity (r = 0.925), TDS (r = 0.793) and TH (r = 0.847). The results of human health risk show NO3- as the most dominant variable in inducing non-carcinogenic health risk in surface water while F- was the most inducing variable for groundwater. Based on the THI values, all the water sources showed long-term health risks above the safe limit even though some of the variables were within the national standards. There is therefore the need to address agricultural activities which is likely the major cause of nitrate in drinking water within the study region.
BOUNDARY LAYER ANALYSIS FLOW PAST A POROUS ROTATING DISK WITH DUFOUR AND SORET EFFECTS
Authors: Yusuf Abdulhakeem , Bima Abdulrahman , Salihu Nasiru Omeiza
Published: May 2022

Analysis of a boundary layer flow past a porous rotating disk with Dufour and Soret effects are carried out mathematically with the formulated problem presented in its rectangular form. These problems correspond to the continuity, momentum, energy and concentration equations. The formulated equations (PDE) are contracted to a reduced nonlinear coupled equation (ODE) via some variables. The ODEs were solve using the decomposition method and the results obtained agreed with those in the literatures. The physical quantities that occur are presented and varied graphically on the fluid radial, tangential, axial velocity, temperature and concentration profiles. It seens that both ferro hydro dynamic (FHD) interactive parameter and rotational parameter enhances the radial, axial, temperature and concentration while they lead to decrease in tangential velocity of the fluid.
EFFECT OF GENDER ON FARMERS’ OWNERSHIP, CONTROL AND ACCESSIBILITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION RESOURCES IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA
Authors: Ogunjinmi Kehinde  Oluwaseye , Fakoya Emmanuel Olugbenga , Banmeke Tajudeen Oyekunle Amoo , Fapojuwo Oluwakemi Enitan , Ogunjinmi Anthony Adenkule
Published: May 2022

The ability to access, control and own adaptation resources is a critical factor in determining rural farmers’ adaptive potential and decision-making towards adaptation to climate change.  This study investigated the effect of gender on farmers’ accessibility, control and ownership of climate change adaptation resources in Ogun and Ekiti States respectively, Nigeria. Three hundred and fifty eighty men (358) and (222) women farmers were randomly selected through a multi-stage sampling procedure. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to obtain data and analysed with frequency counts, means, percentages, Chi-square.  A positive and statistically significant association (P<0.05)  existed between the gender of the respondents and their accessibility to adaptation resources, like hoe (χ2= 10.137), wheelbarrow (χ2=5.647), digger (χ2=11.982), sprayers (χ2=11.792), head pan (χ2=9.5599), education (χ2=22.359), grass plant (χ2=9..912), health-care (χ2=13.764), pesticides (χ2=6.391)  inorganic fertilizer (χ2=7.876), transportation means (χ2=10.897), average annual income (χ2= 8.026), labour (χ2=12 .557), information (χ2=12.557), and medicinal plants (χ2=11.296). There existed a positive and statistically significant association (P<0.05) between the gender of the farmers and their control of adaptation resources like digger (χ2=14.630), sprayer (χ2=6.631), head pan (χ2=4.811), education (χ2=11.657) transportation (χ2=3.364) and average annual income (χ2=33.013). Also, there existed a positive and significant association (P<0.05) between the gender of the farmers and their ownership of adaptation resources like land (χ2=6.815), water (χ2-4.491), health-care (χ2= 2.088), labour (χ2= 5.992) and sources of information of climate change (χ2=3.595).  As a result, gender-responsive intervention is necessary to strengthen men and women farmers' climate resilience and improve their adaptation capabilities through access to
TIGERNUT: A NUTRIENT-RICH UNDERUTILIZED CROP WITH MANY POTENTIALS
Authors: Abdullahi N. , Badau Mamudu Halidu , Umar Nasiru Bilkisu , Yunusa ALkasim Kabiru , Rilwan Abdulrashid , Jibril Hassana , Iliyasu Raliya
Published: May 2022

There is a need to explore the nutritional and medicinal potentials of underutilized crops such as tigernut. Most conventional foods that are rich and balanced are scarce and expensive, and cannot be afforded by consumers in developing countries. Promoting tigernut consumption will play an imperative role in the health, nutrition, and economy of many developing countries. This review was intended to provide an overview on the nutritional and nutraceutical properties of various tigernut products. Also to provide information on the effects of various processing operations on the nutritional and functional properties of various tigernut products. Tigernut is rich in essential nutrients, numerous bioactive compounds with proven health benefits were found in all tigernut cultivars. Genetic variations, environmental and growing conditions make the yellow, brown, and black cultivars of tigernut to have different physicochemical, phytochemicals and functional properties. Tigernut and its products are recommended in the production of bakery goods and complementary foods. Tigernut extracts are potential candidates for the production of nutraceutical diets and drugs. Compounds with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, anti-obesity, antimicrobial and antiseptic properties were found in tigernut. The oil can be used in cooking and frying, the oil is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols, and tocopherols. The fatty acids composition of the oil is affected by the extraction methods. In addition to industrial applications, wastes and by-products from tigernut processing can also be used as food and feed ingredients.
EVALUATING THE CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT OF PERSONS IN KADUNA STATE
Authors: Ibrahim Aliyu H. , Yaro Nura Alhaji , Ibrahim Murjanatu Yahaya , Adama Yusuf
Published: May 2022

The constraints faced by IDPs were many ranging from inadequate housing, poor medical health care, hazardous work, vulnerability of women and children to trafficking and sexual exploitation, discrimination based on ethnicity, religion, class or gender as well as break in social relations. The aim of the study was to assess the nature of internal displacement in terms of causes and consequences of the internally displaced persons in Kaduna State. The sample population was drawn from the three senatorial zones. Purposive/availability sampling was used in selecting the settlements. The results had shown movement of internally displaced persons (IDPs) from one local government to another and from neighboring states into the study area. The study also revealed that the level of integration between the IDPs and the host communities is higher in rural areas as a result of the small size of the settlements which allows easier cohesion between the communities. The study recommended for public awareness on the large number of IDPs presence in the society and the need to empower them. The virtue of tolerance and forgiveness should be encouraged among the people to strengthen mutual co-existence in the society.