bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Preliminary Guide for Interviews
Authors: Zolberg Aristide R.
Published: July 2016

The historical study of nationalist movements in Africa is obviously of critical importance for the future history of mankind, but the relevance of such an undertaking is not quite so self-evident from the point of view of the social sciences more generally. Yet political scientists concerned primarily with the comparative analysis of contemporary political systems have come to recognize that the formative period of an organization is as important as its equivalent in the life of individuals; anthropologists and sociologists have found it useful to examine the emergence of new organizational life in Africa in order to intercept crucial aspects of the process of cultural and structural change. Scholars interested in individual behavior often discover new men in the making when they appear as actors in new organizations. If this were not enough to justify a cooperative effort on the part of researchers from a variety of academic tribes, it might be added that by reconstructing the history of nationalism social scientists can perform a significant service for their African hosts in search of a contemporary identity.

Although the origins of “nationalism” in Africa can and must be traced to at least the middle of the nineteenth century in some cases, it is evident that the period between the two world wars was one of direct preparation for the emergence of large-scale movements immediately afterwards. More is known about this period in some countries than in others, partly as a function of the more or less liberal nature of the colonial regime.
Introduction
Authors: Brokensha David W.
Published: July 2016

Previous listings of African Studies offered at American universities have appeared each year in the Bulletin, the last one being in March 1964. The Editors thank all those who kindly supplied the information on which this summary is based, and they welcome any suggestions for improving the usefulness of this annual presentation or of extending the coverage. Later numbers of the Bulletin will include summaries of African Studies in Canada, Africa, Western Europe, the USSR, and Asia.

The summary divides institutions into two main classes. First, there are those with a formally constituted Program, Center, or Committee, where African Studies has some institutionalized existence. Second, there is a group of universities which, while having no formal African Studies Program, nevertheless offer, through their regular departments, courses dealing with Africa. The latter list does not pretend to be exhaustive; there are many other institutions which might have been included, but we have no information on them at the present time.

Students who are deciding to which school they should apply might bear in mind such factors as caliber of faculty, availability of fellowships (though the closing date for most applications for 1965/66 is already past), library facilities, other institutions in the vicinity, and research opportunities. Most scholars now agree that the area studies approach cannot exist without the more theoretical comparative approach, so that the presence of certain other scholars becomes very significant: in political science, for example, it would be advantageous to have available faculty who specialize in the comparative study of processes of modernization, or of revolutions, as well as those who concentrate on Africa as an area. Therefore, this guide merely outlines some of the main features of African Study Programs in the United States.
Harvard University
Authors: Rotberg Robert I. , Feng Yen-Tsai
Published: July 2016

The Faculty of Arts and Sciences of Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, currently offers a variety of undergraduate and graduate courses and seminars that concern themselves exclusively with the history, government, and social organization of the peoples of northern and sub-Saharan Africa. The Department of Tropical Public Health in the School of Public Health, the Law School, and the School of Business Administration also find a place for Africa in their respective curricula. The Center for International Affairs has for a number of years sponsored an interdisciplinary faculty seminar on Africa. It has also supported research in the fields of African history and government and maintains a continuing interest through its Development Advisory Service in the economic problems of Africa.

The resources of the Harvard University library system serve these varied teaching and research needs. Of the more than 7 million volumes housed in the various constituent libraries of the University, approximately 34, 000 form the core of the African collection. Much of this collection is scattered throughout the component libraries and, within each, shelved among a number of subject classifications. The largest single centralized Africana grouping is found, appropriately under “Africa,” in the Harry Elkins Widener Memorial Library. It contains about 14, 000 books and periodicals. A total of about 6, 000 additional volumes is classified according to language or under the categories Folklore, Archaeology, Economics, Education, Sociology, Geography, South America, and Asia. (Early printed titles are often housed, however, in the Houghton Library.) The Law School Library holds about 5, 500 volumes pertaining to Africa; nearly half of its collection relates to the Republic of South Africa. The Library of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology contains about 2,400 volumes of monographs, 1, 600 volumes of serials, and several hundred pamphlets, all of which, together with an index of periodical articles by author and subject, appear in the 53-volume printed catalogue of the Library. The Andover-Harvard Theological Library of the Harvard Divinity School has about 700 volumes that deal with the churches of the Republic of South Africa and some 1, 500 volumes on Protestant missions in tropical Africa. The libraries of the Harvard Schools of Medicine and Public Health, the Graduate School of Business Administration, the Graduate School of Public Administration, and the Museum of Comparative Zoology each contain several hundred books and serials directly relevant to the study of Africa. The Library of the Center for International Affairs also maintains a select collection of books and periodicals dealing with contemporary Africa.
Howard University
Authors: Porter Dorothy
Published: July 2016

Africana at Howard University, Washington, D.C., developed as records on the African background of the American Negro were required to supplement the Library's collection of works written by and about persons of African descent.

Among the first books acquired by the Library soon after Howard University was incorporated on March 2, 1867, were titles on Africa. Some of the founders of the University interested in foreign missions donated to the Library their files on periodicals, books of travel and description, histories of Africa, and biographies of missionaries. Among these was the first edition of Churchill's Collection of Voyages and Travels issued in four volumes in 1704; seven editions of the works of Hiob Ludolf, the Elder ( … Historia Aethiopica, 1681; … Aethiopicam … commentarius, 1691; … Lexicon Amharico, 1698; … Grammatica Aethiopica, 1702; A New History of Ethiopia, 1682 and 1684); Barbot's Description of the Coasts of North and South Guinea (1732); the 1639 reissue of the 1632 edition of Africae descriptio of Leo Africanus; and works of travel by Bosman, Proyart, Kolbe, Bruce, Smith, Vaillant, and Sparrman. Some of the serial files presented were the Missionary Herald (1821-1882); Africa's Luminary (1839-1840); African Repository (1825-1900); Mouvement Antiesclavagiste (1889-1906); Liberia (1892-1908); Journal of the Royal Geographical Society (1833-1849); Afrique Explorée et Civilisée (1879-1882); and Bulletin du Comité de l'Afrique Française (1891-1919).
African Studies and Training in West Germany
Authors: Cole Taylor
Published: July 2016

During the spring of 1962, the Africa Liaison Committee of the American Council on Education authorized me to secure information on the status of African studies and training in Germany. Toward this end, I visited on two occasions in the late summer and early fall of 1962 a number of German organizations, institutes, and universities. My work in Germany was facilitated by the cooperation of the German Foreign Office, which arranged for my itinerary while in the Bonn area, and by the encouragement of President Heinrich Luebke of the German Federal Republic. In this brief report, I list and describe the work of the most important agencies and organizations which were engaged in 1962 in research on Africa, particularly south of the Sahara, and in the training of Africans. Special consideration will be given to some of the developments and problems in the universities.
The United States and the New Africa
Authors: Williams G. Mennen
Published: July 2016

It is a high honor to be with the distinguished Africanists who form the
African Studies Association.

Five years ago, you had the vision to recognize that what most people
then thought was esoteric learning about a dark continent was, in fact, the
essential understanding which would permit the people of America to live
fruitfully with one of the most dynamic movements in world history.

This unique position in the intellectual world gives you not only an
unusual opportunity to influence the events of your time, but a heavy
responsibility to make certain that the fruit of your labors is of the very
highest quality. Though I am but a neophyte in the field, I know many of you
well enough to appreciate your recognition of and devotion to this awesome
trust.
Map Resources on Africa
Authors: Dahlberg Richard E. , Thomas Benjamin E.
Published: July 2016

One of the problems encountered in doing many types of research on Africa is the absence of adequate bibliographical materials on maps. It is true that reliable maps at the desired scales do not exist for some features or areas of Africa. Often, however, the maps do exist but are so scattered through map files and journals and other publications that finding them is a research job in itself. Unlike the situation on books, periodicals, and journal articles, there are only a few references which deal with the nature and availability of African maps, and none of these cover all types of maps.

The range of subjects covered by maps, of course, is enormous--from natural features like the amount of rainfall or types of soils to cultural topics like population distribution, tribal areas, and agricultural products. The major purposes here will be to describe the common types of maps of Africa, to give some suggestions on their uses and availability, and to list a few references which give further information. The authors are making a survey of maps of Africa which is supported by the African Studies Center of U.C.L.A. and welcome this opportunity to call attention to the problems and scope of the project.
Notes on the Agamemnon
Authors: Gow A. S. F.
Published: July 2016

Li. 263 and 264 have been much vexed, and a string of conjectures will be found in Wecklein's appendix. All of them produce roughly the same meaning–‘it is useless to enquire into the future, which (1. 265) is bound to be disastrous.’
On the Aristotelian Use of ∧ΟΓΟΣ : A Reply
Authors: Stocks J. L.
Published: July 2016

In the June issue of the Classical Review Professor Cook Wilson announces his conversion to the view that in ‘a well-defined group’ of passages in the Nicomachean Ethics λόγος means Reason. While I cannot hope to re-convert Professor Cook Wilson, I feel that it is worth while to try to express the reasons for which it seems difficult to follow him.
Catvllvs LXIV 324
Authors: Housman A. E.
Published: July 2016

It neither is nor need be doubted that tutamen opis, preserved like many another true lection in the margin of G and R, is what Catullus wrote. The tutū opus which OGR present in their texts is a simple error arising from the abbreviation of tamen as . But the verse still fails to satisfy and is universally esteemed corrupt. The description of Peleus as dear exceedingly to his yet unborn and unbegotten son is so absurd a form of address that all editors now adopt from the interpolated MSS the conjecture ‘clarissime nato.’ This description is neither absurd nor untrue, but it is yet untimely, and sorts ill with the bridegroom's other titles. The ‘decus eximium,’ the ‘magnae uirtutes,’ the ‘tutela Emathiae,’ all are already his: the glory reflected from his heroic son belongs to the future and is part of that prophecy to which in the next two verses he is bidden to give ear. clarissime nupta would be appropriate, and would resemble 25 ‘eximie taedis felicibus aucte’ and Ouid. met. XI 217 sq. ‘coniuge Peleus | clarus erat diua’; but ‘most illustrious in thy son’ breaks away from the rest of this prelude and forestalls what is to come in 338 and the following verses. There is therefore an undercurrent of feeling that even now all is not well: ‘de coniectura ilia dubitari potest, cum propriae Pelei ipsius uirtutes hie praedicentur’ says Baehrens, and Schwabe even proposes so wretched an alternative as ‘carissime fato.’
Methodological Investigations into the Rhythm of Greek Prose
Authors: de Groot A. W.
Published: July 2016

After I had put myself the task of investigating the correctness of the results obtained by Heibges concerning the clausulae of Chariton, I decided to determine the frequency in which the different rhythmical forms appear in the authors of non-rhythmical works. For that purpose I investigated the prose works of Thucydides and Plutarch as carefully and in as specified a form as was possible. This I did with the intention to compare the percentages with those of Heibges. In this comparison, however, I came to the conclusion that the figures for Thucydides and Plutarch differed considerably, and that in such a way that certain conclusions could be drawn concerning the manner in which Plutarch constructed his clausulae according to fixed rules.
Another Possible Instance of ζ = j
Authors: Gray Louis H.
Published: July 2016

The fact that Greek ζ = Indo-European j in the words ζειαί, ζέω, ζ⋯λος, ζόρξ, ζυγόν, , and ζωρός may be regarded as fairly well established (Boisacq, Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque, 307, 309, 196 sq., 311 sq.; cf. also Berneker, Slavisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, i. 447 sq.; most recent bibliography in Brugmann, Griechische Grammatik,4 151 sq.), despite the counter-arguments of Sommer (Griechische Lautstudien, 137–160; cf. also Pedersen, KZ. xxxvi. 103 sq., Meillet, Introduction à l'étude comparative des langues indo-européennes, 88).
Anaxagoras and the Parts
Authors: Peck A. L.
Published: July 2016

The great number of contradictory statements which confront us when we examine the various explanations of Anaxagoras' philosophy make it more than usually important to decide what is to be admitted as first-hand evidence and what is not. I purpose, then, to begin by accepting the barest minimum of data, and I shall try to exclude any direct comments upon Anaxagoras' work by later writers. Sufficient justification for such a course may be found in the bewildering masses of confusion which have gathered around his teaching.
Aristotle and the XΩΡΙΣΜΟΣ of Plato
Authors: Mabbott J. D.
Published: July 2016

‘All the difficulties in the theory of forms arise from their separation.’ This recurrent criticism of Aristotle's is, of course, one of the principal obstacles in the way of any reconstruction of the Platonic metaphysic. To begin with, it is flatly denied by Plato himself in the use of such words as μέθεξις, παρoυσία and κoινωνία. It must also be rejected by the orthodox account of the Forms which takes them to be immanent, constitutive principles in the world of everyday life, like a Law of Nature or the Concrete Universal of Hegel. Finally, modern philosophy has made it clear that this view of universals is right and necessary if thought and language are to exist, and it is therefore tempting to attribute it to Plato.
‘Tenax Propositi’
Authors: Colson F. H.
Published: July 2016

I have never read the two great stanzas of Odes III. 3 without a feeling that the above phrase was rather inadequate, according to what I suppose to be the accepted translation. I base the word ‘accepted’ on Forcellini, and Lewis and Short, who give the reference under the head of propositum, ‘purpose,’ ‘intention,’ ‘resolution,’ ‘design.’ But the capacity of sticking to some particular purpose is not a very noble quality, and if we take the phrase in the wider sense of general tenacity of purpose, I do not feel that we get the ‘iustus’ of the ode, though we may perhaps get a person who is likely to succeed in life. Taken in this way, ‘tenax propositi’ suggests (as much as anything) the portrait of Henry VIII., with his gross face and striding legs, dominating the English Church and the High Table of Trinity. I shall perhaps be told that the context shows the meaning. It may no doubt prevent the phrase from being misleading, but it does not make it worthy of its setting. I may add that in the other two places, where I know of its occurring, it has no very lofty meaning. In Ovid Met. X. 415, ‘propositi tenax’ is used to describe the persistent efforts of Myrrha's nurse to find out what is the matter. In Quintilian XI. 1, 90, in a discourse on mild equivalents, we are told that the ‘pertinax’ may be spoken of as ‘ultra modum propositi tenax.’
The Venerable Christopher Robinson Martyred at Carlisle in 1597. The Evidence Concerning his Place of Birth and the Place and Date of his Execution.
Authors: Bamber J.E.
Published: July 2016

Of the Venerable Christopher Robinson, who died for his Faith in Carlisle (in what year we shall see later), practically nothing save the name of his betrayer has been recorded since the days of Bishop Challoner. Among the Knaresborough MSS. as Everingham is a 17th Century transcript of a letter of some ten large folio pages entitled: “The death of Mr. Boost written by Mr. Robinson priest, who shortly afterward dyed in the same glorious manner at Carlisle.” An extract from this document was given in Challoner and the text is now printed in full in C.R.S. But for the few known facts about the Martyr's own life we have depended almost entirely on Challoner's somewhat vague compilation of only eighteen lines.
More Northumbrian Congregations
Authors: Bossy John
Published: July 2016

The congregations which I have chosen to study here are those of Alnwick, Ellingham, Haggerston, Berrington and Berwick; the materials used are those described in an earlier essay, published in Recusant History in April 1967. They are: the returns of papists of 1767 and 1780; the religious census of 1851, districts of Alnwick (no. 559), Belford (560) and Berwick (561); the registers of Roman Catholic estates for Northumberland (Surtees Society, cxxxi, 1918) and Durham (ibid., clxxiii, 1958); and the mission registers and allied documents. None of these last are published. They consist: for Alnwick, of the baptismal registers (including confirmations and some marriages), 1794-1840 (PRO R.G. 4, nos. 1572 and 3911); for Ellingham, of baptismal registers (confirmations, marriages, deaths), 1779-1840 (R.G. 4, nos. 2483 and 2915), and an almost complete set of annual Easter communion lists, 1811-40 (originals in R.C. presbytery, Seahouses, Northumberland); for Haggerston,of baptismal registers (some marriages), 1790-1830 (R.G. 4, no. 1802), a register of deaths, and of Easter communicants, 1834-56 (originals in R.C. presbytery, Lowick, Northumberland); for Berrington, of the baptismal register, 1804-16 (R.G. 4, no. 2482); for Berwick, of baptismal registers, 1804-40 (R.G. 4, no. 1402). For knowledge of, and access to, such of these mission records as are not deposited in the Public Record Office, and for numerous other kindnesses, I am deeply indebted to Fr. W. Vincent Smith of Lanchester. Co. Durham.
The Recusancy of the Brandlings
Authors: Walsh Edward , Forster Ann
Published: July 2016

This is not a family history of the Brandlings of Northumberland from their first appearance in history in the sixteenth century, for they were not a staunch Catholic family with a record of determined recusancy. The Brandlings had Catholic leanings in the mid-sixteenth century, and two of the family were recusants. By the early seventeenth century, however, the family appears to have conformed entirely. And then in the second half of the century the main branch and their cousins of Hoppen and Alnwick Whitehouse appear as Catholics, most probably as the result of Catholic marriages in the previous generation. A century later, and the main branch had conformed, and the junior branches had died out. The Brandlings were therefore a “fringe” recusant family, but even so they had a certain impact on the Catholic life of the North, and their history is not without interest for students of recusancy.
The Conversion of Lord Ripon in 1874
Authors: Denholm Anthony F.
Published: July 2016

Lord Ripon’s reception into the Catholic Church early in September 1874 caused a minor sensation in the world of politics and a howl of no-popery protest in the non-Catholic press. Ripon’s conversion took London society and even his closest friends by surprise. Victorians had long accustomed themselves to the steady drift of ritualists and Puseyites to Rome, but were puzzled when this wealthy nobleman, evangelical Anglican, ex-Christian-Socialist friend of F. D. Maurice, and Grand Master of the English Freemasons, was received into the Catholic Church on the Feast of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin on September 8, 1874.
Three Jesuits at Plowden Hall in Shropshire in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Price William
Published: July 2016

Plowden Hall, probably the house portrayed in the once widely-read novel John Inglesant by J. H. Shorthouse, is about four miles distant from the small town of Bishop's Castle in Shropshire. The family papers are still at the Hall, but the letters upon which this account is based were found at Archbishop's House, Westminster. They were written between 1747 and 1763 by three successive chaplains to the Plowden family. Very few such letters appear to have survived, and they provide invaluable and vivid details about the daily lives of priests on the English Mission. The letters were written to local Jesuit superiors of the Residence of S. Winifrid at Holywell in Flintshire. Until 1761 the Superior was Fr. John Williams, and after that Fr. Thomas Daniel or Watson.
Ecclesiastical Democracy Detected: II (1787–1796)
Authors: Duffy Eamon
Published: July 2016

The public events which from 1787 occupied the minds of English Catholics, and which were properly inaugurated by the “Protestation”, had a secret prelude, in the year 1786. Before dealing with those events, therefore, it will be necessary to examine the circumstances which led to the formulation of that document.
The Maire Family of County Durham
Authors: Forster Ann M. C.
Published: July 2016

In the reign of Elizabeth I we find Christopher Maire of the family of Maire or Meire in Cheshire married to a Moresby of Cumberland and living in the city of Durham. In 1572 he bought the manor of Hutton in the parish of Monkhesledon of William Wyvell of Patrick Brompton in Yorkshire; some years later he made the further purchase, from Robert Aske, of Hardwick-by-the-Sea, in the same parish.
The Franciscan Mission in Birmingham 1657–1824
Authors: Champ Judith F.
Published: July 2016

Six Franciscan missioners left St. Bonaventure’s, Douai in 1629, on the first attempt to re-establish the Order of Friars Minor in England. All six were martyred or imprisoned during Charles I’s reign. Further groups were despatched during the Interregnum, including one in 1656. Among this group was Father Leo Randolph, whose father Randolph Ferrers owned the Warwickshire manor house of Wood Bevington, between Evesham and Stratford on Avon.
The Dublin Review (1836–75), its Reviewers and a ‘Philosophy of Knowledge’
Authors: Warren John
Published: July 2016

In a previous number of Recusant History, the present writer discussed the philosophy of knowledge of the Liberal Catholic periodical The Rambler. The philosophy of knowledge concept was used to examine ideas on the nature of mind and reason and on the value, use and limitations of reason, on the grounds that such ideas were the foundation for the reviewers’ speculations on education—one of the most vital of nineteenth century debates. Moreover, the philosophy of knowledge proved to be a useful vehicle for relating the world-view of the periodical writers to their discussions of education at all levels.
Vichy France and the Catholic Press in England. Contrasting Attitudes to a Moral Problem
Authors: Greene Thomas R.
Published: July 2016

Luigi Sturzo, the exiled founder of the suppressed Italian Christian Democrats, wrote in May 1942 that American Catholic papers prior to the American entry into the war had been sympathetic to Franco and even Mussolini as well as to Vichy France. After Pearl Harbor, these papers retained their sympathy for Vichy France.
‘Remember Lot’s Wife’— Manning’s Anglican Sermons
Authors: Rowell Geoffrey
Published: July 2016

Between 1845 and 1850 Manning, as Archdeacon of Chichester, published four volumes of collected sermons. They are not his only published sermons as an Anglican, but they are the ones with which this article will be concerned. They were published by the firm of William Pickering, whose list included the liturgical works of the Revd. William Maskell, chaplain to the High Church Henry Phillpotts, Bishop of Exeter, sermons by Manning’S nephew, W. H. Anderdon, and reprints of Bishop Wilson’s Sacra Privata and Lancelot Andrewes’ Preces Privatae, as well as Jeremy Taylor, George Herbert and Henry Vaughan. In 1882 as a Catholic Manning claimed that he had never been concerned that his Anglican sermons should be re-issued. ‘£250 was offered to me for an edition of the four volumes of Sermons. But I always refused. I wished my past, while I was in the twilight, to lie dead to me, and I to it.’ Yet, as Purcell points out, in 1865 he had consulted Dr. Bernard Smith in Rome about their re-issue. Smith’s verdict was negative. ‘These were the works of Dr. Manning, a Protestant. They were the fruits of the Anglican not of the Catholic Church.’ He was, nonetheless, impressed. ‘What I admired most in the perusal of these volumes was not the many strong Catholic truths I met with, but that almost Catholic unction of a St. Francis de Sales, or of a St. Teresa, that breathes through them all.’
John Gee, Archbishop Abbot, and the Use of Converts from Rome in Jacobean Anti-Catholicism
Authors: Questier Michael C.
Published: July 2016

This article is concerned with one aspect of movement between religions in England at the end of the Jacobean period, namely the polemical use which could be made of the convert to Protestantism. The increasing likelihood of a successful conclusion of the Spanish Match negotiations had for some time been threatening the Protestant Establishment. In this climate, prominent changes of religion were of great interest to polemicists of both sides. As in Elizabeth’s reign, Protestants could attack the Church of Rome by focusing on the apostates from it. The point of reference from which this polemical use of conversion will be analysed is the best-selling vitriolic anti-Catholic tract written by the wavering Protestant minister John Gee, entitled The Foot out of the Snare. Gee is familiar to modern historians as a source on Roman Catholic priests in the 1620s but he is important also for the way in which he was employed as an anti-Catholic writer. His tract originated with the clerical group which gathered around Archbishop Abbot, clerics distinguished by their violent opposition to encroaching Roman Catholicism, evident in the likely success of the Spanish Marriage project and the conversions which had started to occur as the political climate changed. Gee’s tract may be used as a starting point to explore some of the politics and literature of conversion at this time.
A Priest Describes to the Cardinal Prefect of Propaganda His Mission in the Isle of Man
Authors: Foley Brian C.
Published: July 2016

The letter given below is translated from the original in the archives of Propaganda and is presented here for the interesting light it casts upon the progress of the mission in the Isle of Man in the early eighteenth century. The original document is also reproduced. 18 July 1727
Rescuing the Scarlet Woman: The Promotion of Catholicism in English Literature, 1829–1850
Authors: Morris Kevin L.
Published: July 2016

Literary writings had a significant, if elusive and subtle, rôle to play in securing the position of the English Catholic community in the especially vulnerable period 1829–1850. It is questionable that the Catholic press and Catholic apologists and polemicists played so large a part in calming the anti-Catholic frenzy so evident in the 1820s as the subsequent more literary products of Catholics and those non-Catholics who were intrigued by Catholicism. Holmes remarks that in this period ‘most Catholic apologists attempted the fruitless and unending task of answering specific objections and those books or pamphlets which survive are merely gathering dust on the shelves of Catholic libraries’. It took greater art to get behind the defences of John Bull's anti-Catholic fortress mentality. The rôle of literature was to affect the perceptions and sympathies of the intelligentsia rather than political conditions: at the beginning of this period people felt with Dr. Arnold that ‘the [Anglican] Church, as it now stands, no human power can save'; while at its end, people could hold the expectation ‘that Popery will in a few years become the popular religion of these realms’. This sense of the seriousness of the Catholic presence was established mostly, of course, by Catholicism's actual presence; but that was amplified and consolidated in the mind of the educated public by literature, substantially in a positive direction.
William Allen: The Sixteenth Century Spanish Connection
Authors: Williams Michael E.
Published: July 2016

William Allen is best remembered as the founder of those colleges at Douai and Rome which prepared men to go as missionary priests to England and so helped to preserve the faith there during the time of persecution. Because of his own personal qualities as a scholar, and his ability to work with others and meet the changing political situation, he became in his day the acknowledged leader of the English catholics. He maintained cordial relations with the Society of Jesus and was fully aware of the ecclesiastical scene on the continent of Europe. His resolute attitude towards heresy and insistence on the practice of the true faith even in the most difficult conditions, entitles him to be considered the father of recusancy. Yet Allen's reputation is not high outside Catholic circles. His involvement in the cause of Spain, especially at the time of the Armada, has led many to regard him as seriously misguided if not an outright traitor. This criticism has had its effect on Catholics since it has cast a shadow on his work and his claim that he never allowed his students to become engaged in politics has not always sounded totally convincing. Over a hundred years ago in his Introduction to the Douai Diaries T. F. Knox deliberately avoided any discussion of this matter saying, ‘his political action stands in no relation to his work for the seminary.’ This side of Allen's activity has often proved an embarrassment to his biographers who sometimes try and console themselves with the ungracious conclusion that Allen's political involvement was due to the machinations of Robert Persons. The fourth centenary of his death provides an opportunity to take another look at Allen's life and writings, paying particular attention to the context in which he lived before he went into exile, and from an appreciation of the situation under Mary Tudor to progress towards an understanding of his later work and activity on the continent, especially his relationship with Spain.
‘A Blessed and Ever-Enduring Fellowship’: The Development of John Henry Newman's Thought on Death and the Life Beyond
Authors: Tolhurst James
Published: July 2016

No century previous to the nineteenth was so assiduous in its cultivation of the diary to record the minutiae of daily life. Partly because the average nineteeth century family knew that death was a frequent visitor, the diary assumed an importance that a century later was lost, along with the reverence for death. In Newman's Obituary List we have that full development of his thought concerning the dead, which began with the demise of those he had loved in his youth and ended with his remembrance of them at the altar in his room at Edgbaston, surrounded by their pictures and memorial cards. It will be helpful to trace the development of that process because it illuminates the Evangelical and Tractarian understanding of prayer for the dead and provides a useful basis for current concepts which have frequently been over-laid either with sentimentality or with a tendency to demythologise the reality of the next life altogether.
Two Seventeenth Century Hebrew Scholars: Thomas Fairfax and Edward Slaughter
Authors: Holt Geoffrey
Published: July 2016

Prevented by their refusal to take the Oath of Supremacy from being admitted to a degree at Oxford or Cambridge, Catholics—clerical or lay—who wished for higher education not infrequently attended foreign universities or colleges but there were those who achieved distinction in one branch or another of study without attending any institution of higher learning. One example of this was the subject of a recent article in Recusant History —the Jesuit astronomer Christopher Maire.
Old Prior Park—The Final Years, 1843–1856
Authors: Cashman John
Published: July 2016

Prior Park, the stately home on the outskirts of Bath, was built for Ralph Allen, a famous citizen of that city, during the years 1735–1742. In 1830, when the estate had passed through many hands, and was in a very neglected state, it was bought by the Vicar-Apostolic of the Western District, Bishop Peter Baines, for £22,000. It was the bishop's intention to establish there a seminary, a boarding school and eventually, a Catholic University which would vie with Oxford and Cambridge. But things had gone sadly wrong. When Baines died in July, 1843, the establishment was in debt to the extent of some £40,000, with less than half the places in the school and the seminary occupied.
Bourne, Norfolk and the Irish Parliamentarians: Roman Catholics and the Education Bill of 1906
Authors: McClelland V. Alan
Published: July 2016

When Francis, Cardinal Bourne died on New Years Day, 1935, his friend and erstwhile collaborator in successive national congresses, George Anstruther, assistant editor of The Tablet, a paper owned by the archdiocese, referred to Bourne's ‘greatness’ as being unlike that of a waterfall but more akin to a quiet river ‘broad and deep, bearing precious freights to safe havens’. The image was supported in a broadcast of Viscount FitzAlan about the deceased prelate in which he stressed that Bourne possessed a ‘rather cold and calm reserve’ concealing ‘a profound spirituality’. The editor of the Jesuit magazine The Month postulated ‘prudent ecclesiastical statesmanship’ had marked a long term of office of over thirty years and Bourne's regular correspondent, Archbishop Alban Goodier, testified to his having been ‘among the shyest of men, so shy, that to many he remained always hidden in his shell’. Indeed, rarely has a man's memory been tarnished so effectively by his friends, all with the most uplifting of motives. The secular press was less mealy-mouthed. The Times considered Bourne to have been ‘a statesmanlike champion of religious education’ and ‘a courageous opponent of all those modern movements and influences which are calculated, openly or swiftly, to sap the foundations of family life and, indeed, the whole structure of the community’.
English Catholic Books 1701–1800
Authors: Cornwell Anthony
Published: July 2016

Exactly forty years after the pioneer bibliographical enterprise of Allison and Rogers, later extended by Thomas Clancy, three Dutch academics and an English Benedictine historian have continued the work by listing details and locations of vernacular Catholic publications, now no longer clandestine, between 1701 and 1800.
‘The Religion for a Gentleman’: The Northern Catholic Gentry in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Gooch Leo
Published: July 2016

When, in 1834 Lord Macauley called on Cardinal Wiseman at the Venerable English College in Rome, he was most surprised to find the cardinal's room fitted out in the English style and very like the rooms of a senior fellow of Trinity College, Oxford. On the same occasion Macauley was introduced to Lords Clifford and Shrewsbury and thought them not at all what he imagined Catholics of old family to be: proud and stately and with an air of being men of rank but not of fashion. John Henry Newman, too, had a notion that the old English Catholic gentry moved silently and sorrowfully about and lived in old-fashioned houses of gloomy appearance, closed in with high walls, iron gates and yew trees, cut off from the populous world around them. On his entry into ‘the narrow community of the English Catholics’, the other future cardinal, Henry Edward Manning, said he felt as if he ‘had got into St. James's Palace in 1687. It was as stately as the House of Lords …’ These reactions show that Macauley, Newman and Manning cannot have come across many English Catholic gentlemen before and that they had gained very little idea of the social history of English Catholicism, however much they may have learned about its political and ecclesiastical past. This paper will point out what they should, and might easily, have picked up.
A Question of Authority
Authors: Nichols Aidan
Published: July 2016

Newman and Manning failed signally to achieve a relation of mutual peace and concord during life. But the re-discovery, in recent scholarship, of the sharpness and fertility of Manning's theological mind, is bringing about, if not a posthumous pax anglica between them, then at any rate a greater parity of intellectual esteem on the part of modern students. The collection of essays By Whose Authority? Newman, Manning and the Magisterium (1996), edited by the distinguished editor of Recusant History, and largely the fruit of symposia of 1993^ at the ‘International Institute for the Advancement of Newman Research’ at the University of Freiburg, is a major contribution to this process. As its title suggests, its common thread is ecclesiology, and notably the issue of Christian authority so central to any doctrine of the Church, since such doctrine cannot evade the question of where the exousia (‘powerful authority’) given by Christ to the apostles is now to be found — if anywhere — on earth.
‘Wandering Nuns’: The Return of the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary to the South of England, 1862–1945
Authors: Kirkus M. Gregory
Published: July 2016

‘Woods, M. Joseph died ye 20 April 1822, the last of ye Ladies of ye Establishment’

So ends the register of the convent founded in Hammersmith in 1669, and with the death of Sister Joseph the Institute of Mary became extinct in the south of England. But in distant Belfast the story of its revival was already taking shape. On 1st April 1812 a little girl, Mary Petronilla, was born there to a Protestant Doctor Barratt and his wife. We know nothing of her childhood, but it is thought that as a young woman she taught singing in a Loreto convent. About the year 1835 she was received into the Catholic Church, and so embarked upon a career that was to have far-reaching effects. The presence of a Roman Catholic daughter may have been embarrassing to the doctor’s household, or perhaps it was just the desire to learn German and to see the world that prompted Mary Barratt to follow the advice of the Loreto Sisters and to accept a teaching post advertised in Augsburg. There she not only learned German in return for giving English lessons, but she observed religious life as lived in the oldest house of the Institute. Strict as the régime was (the nuns rose at 4.30 am. all the year round) she fell in love with it and asked to be received into the novitiate. On 10th September 1844 she was clothed in the habit and given the name Sister Petronilla, though this was later changed to Sister Ignatius.
A Jacobite Antiquary in Grub Street: Captain John Stevens (c.1662–1726)
Authors: Murphy Martin
Published: July 2016

Some of the multifarious literary activities of Captain John Stevens have received attention from specialists. His journal of the Irish wars of 1688–91, not published until 1912, is now generally recognised as being one of the most important primary sources for the campaign. His place in the history of travel writing, as the translator into English of classical works in Spanish and Portuguese on the history, geography and ethnology of the Iberian world, has been established by Dr. Colin Steele. His major contribution to English monastic history, as the translator and continuator of Sir Thomas Dugdale, though less well known, and deserving closer study, has been recognised by David Douglas. More recently a Portuguese scholar has paid tribute to him as one of the first writers to introduce the English reader to Portuguese history and literature. English Hispanists have acknowledged his prolific output as a translator of Spanish authors, notably Cervantes and Quevedo. More controversially, in Pat Rogers’s fascinating study of the literary underclass in London during the age of Pope and Swift, he is ignominiously—and, I shall argue, unjustly—indexed under the heading ‘Dunces and their allies’.
Father Robert Persons S.J. and The Book of Succession
Authors: Hicks L.
Published: July 2016

When Fr. Persons arrived in Rome towards the end of March 1597, he found the unruly students in the English College very averse to Spain and particularly enraged by the Book of Succession, “They loathed it,” he reported to Don Juan de Idiaquez, “and said a thousand evil things about it, though they had never seen or read it, based merely on ill-natured reports received from their partisans in Flanders, saying that it was greatly in favour of the claims of the King of Spain and the Lady Infanta against the King of Scotland and was the prelude to a conquest of England and that Fr. Persons had obtained signatures and oaths from some of the foremost Englishmen in Spain in Favour of the Infanta.”
Ordinations in Rome. Information on the English Martyrs from the Roman Vicariate.
Authors: Anstruther Godfrey
Published: July 2016

In the archives of the Vicariato di Roma are preserved the ordination books from 1505 onwards. Apart from an unfortunate gap, 1575-80, they run consecutively, but they do not by any means contain all the ordinations held in Rome. For the period 1603-25 there are 35 ordinations recorded in the Liber Ruber of the English College, Rome, which are not given in these books, and the reasoh is not clear. These books are not numbered, but are known by the year with which they begin. The only ones that concern us here are: (i) 1580-88; (ii) 1588-95; (iii) 1596-1601; (iv) 1602-08; (v) 1609-17; and an odd volume (which I here call Vic. 6) giving supplementary ordinations 1-6901612. After 1618 there are two series, Generales and Particulares, but the distinction is not rightly adhered to. The ordinationes generales were on the four Ember Saturdays and were invariably in the Lateran, die parish church of Rome. Then as now, orders were normally conferred by the vice-gerent, delegated by the cardinal-vicar. This office was held by Thomas Goldwell, exiled bishop of St Asaph, till his death in 1585 and nearly all orders, not only those of English students, were conferred by him. Later a few were conferred by Owen Lewis, Welsh bishop of Casano, and later still (especially for the English College) by cardinal Bellarmine. The ordinationes particulares were also sometimes in the Lateran, but mostly elsewhere. Goldwell ordained at S. Silvestro in Monte Quirinale, but more often in the chapel of the English College, even when no English students were involved. Until about 1600 the tonsure and the four minor orders were conferred on different days (usually fairly close together) but after 1600 there is a tendency to confer them all at once.
Notes On Persons's “Memorial for the Reformation Of England” (1596)
Authors: Clancy T.H
Published: July 2016

The late Harold Laski, in a letter to O. W. Holmes, characterized Persons’s Jesuit’s Memorial as “the most cold-blooded plot for exterminating opponents known outside St. Bartholomew.” On the face of it, this tends to confirm the suspicion which was expressed by Holmes in this very correspondence, and which reviewers have voiced since the letters were published, that Laski often wrote about books of which he had a very imperfect knowledge. And yet there is a sense in which the Jesuit’s Memorial is cold blooded, iust as the whole Counter-Reformation was in a certain sense cold-blooded. Whenever the Church is faced with a new challenge she must tighten up her lines of discipline and ruthlessly prune certain: venerable practices and customs or at least establish an order of priority among them. Many view with distaste the mentality engendered by the Council of Trent. It would be well, however, to try and see what the Counter-Reformation was trying to do before we condemn it. And for a real insight into the Counter Reformation spirit few books can equal the Jesuit’s Memorial.
Pensioners at the Benedictine College at Dieulouard (1619–1756)
Authors: Aveling Hugh
Published: July 2016

The College attached to the English Benedictine monastery at Dieulouard in Lorraine never consisted of more than a tiny number of students, mostly postulants. The pensioners’ “Apartments” in 1756 contained only eight rooms and a library.
The Embassy of Sir Anthony Standen in 1603 Part I
Authors: Hicks L.
Published: July 2016

Before discussing more particularly the embassy on which Sir Anthony Standen was sent by James I in 1603, it has been thought well in the present article to narrate the story of this Elizabethan adventurer previous to that event.
Sir Toby Matthew the Author of Charity Mistaken
Authors: Allison A. F.
Published: July 2016

In 1630 there was published at the College press at St. Omers an anonymous book entitled Charity mistaken, with the want whereof, Catholickes are vniustly charged: for affirming, as they do with grief, that Protestancy vnrepented destroies saluation. It was answered three years later by Christopher Potter, Provost of Queen’s College, Oxford, and there ensued a controversy lasting several years between Potter and Chillingworth, on the Protestant side, and the Jesuits, Matthew Wilson (alias Edward Knott) and John Floyd, on the Catholic side.
Sources For Recusant History Among the Bankes Papers in the Bodleian
Authors: Havran M. J.
Published: July 2016

The papers of Sir John Bankes (1589-1644)1, which were deposited in the Bodleian Library in 1950, and have since been purchased by the Library, consist largely of documents written in Bankes’s own hand. They extend chronologically from 1626 through 1644, but are mostly concerned with events from 1634 to 1640 when Bankes served as Attorney General.
The Embassy of Sir Anthony Standen in 1603
Authors: Hicks L.
Published: July 2016

It has already been stated that, on the 17 September, 1603, Standen, while at Florence, sent his companion, Edmund Thornhill, Canon of Vicenza, to Rome to ask for the Pope's blessing and for some spiritual favours. Thus began that Roman episode which on his return to England led to his downfall.