bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validity and reliability of a dish-based semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire for assessment of energy and nutrient intake among Iranian adults
Authors: Doustmohammadian Azam , Amini Maryam , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad , Omidvar Nasrin , Abtahi Mitra , Dadkhah-Piraghaj Monireh , Nikooyeh Bahareh , Neyestani Tirang R.
Published: February 2020

Objective

This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of a dish-based, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (DFFQ) for epidemiological studies in Iran. The DFFQ included 142 items (84 foods and 58 mixed dishes) which was filled in by 230 adults (110 men). All participants completed two separate DFFQs with a 6 months interval as well as six 24-h recalls, each month. Dietary biomarkers and anthropometric measurements were made. The validity was evaluated by comparing the DFFQ against 24-h dietary recalls and dietary biomarkers, including serum retinol and beta-carotene. Reliability was evaluated using intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and validity was determined by unadjusted and energy adjusted correlation coefficients (CC), de-attenuated CC, and cross-classification analyses.

Results

ICC for reliability ranged between 0.42 and 0.76. De-attenuated CC for the FFQ and the 24-h recalls ranged between 0.13 and 0.54 (Mean = 0.38). The de-attenuated CC between the DFFQ and plasma levels of retinol and beta-carotene were 0.58 (P = 0.0001) and 0.40 (P = 0.0001), respectively. Cross-classification analysis revealed that on average 73% were correctly classified into same or adjacent quartiles and 5% were classified in opposite quartiles.
Acetylation at K108 of the NS1 protein is important for the replication and virulence of influenza virus
Authors: Ma Jingjiao , Wu Rujuan , Xu Guanlong , Cheng Yuqiang , Wang Zhaofei , Wang Heng’an , Yan Yaxian , Li Jinxiang , Sun Jianhe
Published: February 2020

Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of influenza virus is a multifunctional protein that plays an important role in virus replication and virulence. In this study, an acetylation modification was identified at the K108 residue of the NS1 protein of H1N1 influenza virus. To further explore the function of the K108 acetylation modification of the NS1 protein, a deacetylation-mimic mutation (K108R) and a constant acetylation-mimic mutation (K108Q) were introduced into the NS1 protein in the background of A/WSN/1933 H1N1 (WSN), resulting in two mutant viruses (WSN-NS1-108R and WSN-NS1-108Q). In vitro and mouse studies showed that the deacetylation-mimic mutation K108R in the NS1 protein attenuated the replication and virulence of WSN-NS1-108R, while the constant acetylation-mimic mutant virus WSN-NS1-108Q showed similar replication and pathogenicity as the wild-type WSN virus (WSN-wt). The results indicated that acetylation at K108 of the NS1 protein has an important role in the replication and virulence of influenza virus. To further explore the potential mechanism, the type I interferon (IFN-I) antagonistic activity of the three NS1 proteins (NS1-108Q, NS1-108R, and NS1-wt) was compared in cells, which showed that the K108R mutation significantly attenuated the IFN-β antagonistic activity of the NS1 protein compared with NS1-wt and NS1-108Q. Both NS1-wt and NS1-108Q inhibited the IFN-β response activated by RIG-I CARD domain, MAVS, TBK1, and IRF3 more efficiently than the NS1-108R protein in cells. Taken together, the results indicated that acetylation at NS1 K108 is important for the IFN antagonistic activity of the NS1 protein and virulence of the influenza virus.
Chickens can durably clear herpesvirus vaccine infection in feathers while still carrying vaccine-induced antibodies
Authors: Rémy Sylvie , Le Pape Gilles , Gourichon David , Gardin Yannick , Denesvre Caroline
Published: February 2020

Marek’s disease (MD) is a major disease of chickens induced by Marek’s disease virus (MDV) associated to lethal lymphomas. Current MD vaccines protect against lymphomas, but fail to prevent infection and shedding. The control of MDV shedding is crucial in order to eradicate this highly contagious virus. Like pathogenic MDV, MD vaccines infect the feather follicles of the skin before being shed into the environment. MD vaccines constitute excellent models to study virus interaction with feathers, the unique excretion source of these viruses. Herein we studied the viral persistence in feathers of a MD vaccine, the recombinant turkey herpesvirus (rHVT-ND). We report that most of the birds showed a persistent HVT infection of feathers over 41 weeks with moderate viral loads. Interestingly, 20% of the birds were identified as low HVT producers, among which six birds cleared the infection. Indeed, after week 14–26, these birds named controllers had undetectable HVT DNA in their feathers through week 41. All vaccinated birds developed antibodies to NDV, which lasted until week 41 in 95% of the birds, including the controllers. No correlation was found between HVT loads in feathers and NDV antibody titers over time. Interestingly, no HVT DNA was detected in the spleens of four controllers. This is the first description of chickens that durably cleared MD vaccine infection of feathers suggesting that control of Mardivirus shedding is achievable by the host.
Isolation and characterization of a new population of nasal surface macrophages and their susceptibility to PRRSV-1 subtype 1 (LV) and subtype 3 (Lena)
Authors: Oh Dayoung , Xie Jiexiong , Vanderheijden Nathalie , Nauwynck Hans J.
Published: February 2020

Sialoadhesin (Sn) and CD163 have been recognized as two important mediators for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in host macrophages. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the highly virulent Lena strain has a wider macrophage tropism than the low virulent LV strain in the nasal mucosa. Not only CD163+Sn+ macrophages are infected by Lena but also CD163+Sn− macrophages. This suggests that an alternative receptor exists for binding and internalization of PRRSV Lena in the CD163+Sn− macrophages. Further investigation to find the new entry receptor was hampered by the difficulty of isolating these macrophages from the nasal mucosa. In the present study, a new population of CD163+Sn− cells has been identified that is specifically localized in the nasal lamina propria and can be isolated by an intranasal digestion approach. Isolated nasal cells were characterized using specific cell markers and their susceptibility to two different PRRSV-1 strains (LV and Lena) was tested. Upon digestion, 3.2% (flow cytometry)—6.4% (confocal microscopy) of the nasal cells were identified as CD163+ and all (99.7%) of these CD163+ cells were Sn−. These CD163+Sn− cells, designated as “nasal surface macrophages”, showed a 4.9 times higher susceptibility to the Lena strain than to the LV strain. Furthermore, the Lena-inoculated cell cultures showed an upregulation of CD163. These results showed that our new cell isolation system is ideal for the further functional and phenotypical analysis of the new population of nasal surface macrophages and further research on the molecular pathogenesis of PRRSV in the nose.
On some inequalities relative to the Pompeiu–Chebyshev functional
Authors: Ianoşi Daniel , Opriş Adonia-Augustina
Published: February 2020

In this paper we study the utility of the functional Pompeiu–Chebyshev in some inequalities. Some results obtained by Alomari will be generalized regarding inequalities with Pompeiu–Chebyshev type functionals, in which linear and positive functionals intervene. We investigate some new inequalities of Grüss type using Pompeiu’s mean value theorem. Improvement of known inequalities is also given.
Global weak conservative solutions of the μ-Camassa–Holm equation
Authors: Deng Xijun , Chen Aiyong
Published: February 2020

In this paper we consider global weak conservative solutions of a μ-Camassa–Holm equation. By employing a technique of change of variables on the Lagrangian variable, we successfully construct global weak conservative solutions of the μ-Camassa–Holm equation.
Retraction Note: An augmented Riesz decomposition method for sharp estimates of certain boundary value problem
Authors: Wang Jiaofeng , Huang Bin , Yamini Nanjundan
Published: February 2020

The Editors-in-Chief have retracted this article [1] because it shows evidence of peer review manipulation and authorship manipulation. In addition, the identity of the corresponding author could not be verified: the University of West Bohemia have confirmed that Nanjundan Yamini has not been affiliated with their institution. The authors have not responded to any correspondence regarding this retraction.
On the Chebyshev polynomials and some of their new identities
Authors: Han Di , Lv Xingxing
Published: February 2020

The main purpose of this paper is, using the elementary methods and properties of the power series, to study the computational problem of the convolution sums of Chebyshev polynomials and Fibonacci polynomials and to give some new and interesting identities for them.
Update of the organoprotective properties of xenon and argon: from bench to beside
Authors: Anna Roehl , Rolf Rossaint , Mark Coburn
Published: February 2020

The growth of the elderly population has led to an increase in patients with myocardial infarction and stroke (Wajngarten and Silva, Eur Cardiol 14: 111–115, 2019). Patients receiving treatment for ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) highly profit from early reperfusion therapy under 3 h from the onset of symptoms. However, mortality from STEMI remains high due to the increase in age and comorbidities (Menees et al., N Engl J Med 369: 901–909, 2013). These factors also account for patients with acute ischaemic stroke. Reperfusion therapy has been established as the gold standard within the first 4 to 5 h after onset of symptoms (Powers et al., Stroke 49: e46-e110, 2018). Nonetheless, not all patients are eligible for reperfusion therapy. The same is true for traumatic brain injury patients. Due to the complexity of acute myocardial and central nervous injury (CNS), finding organ protective substances to improve the function of remote myocardium and the ischaemic penumbra of the brain is urgent. This narrative review focuses on the noble gases argon and xenon and their possible cardiac, renal and neuroprotectant properties in the elderly high-risk (surgical) population. The article will provide an overview of the latest experimental and clinical studies. It is beyond the scope of this review to give a detailed summary of the mechanistic understanding of organ protection by xenon and argon.
The adaptation and evaluation of a CBT-based manual for the inpatient treatment of youth depression: a pilot study
Authors: Frey Michael , Pietsch Kathrin , Weninger Laura , Brockhaus Matthias , Loy Fabian , Claus Nathalie , Wagenbüchler Petra , Kornbichler Selina , Kroboth Jana , Georgii Beatrice , Wermuth Inga , Kititsina Anna , Heiser Katharina , Schulte-Körne Gerd , Platt Belinda
Published: February 2020

Background

Although there is good evidence to support the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for the outpatient treatment of adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD), evidence-based manuals for the inpatient setting are lacking. This pilot study sought to (i) adapt an existing CBT manual (treatment of adolescent depression; TADS) to an inpatient setting (TADS-in), (ii) test its effectiveness at symptom reduction and remission of MDD in a pre-post design, and (iii) assess the strengths and limitations of the manual via a focus-group with clinicians.

Methods

Twenty nine adolescents aged 12–17 years with a primary ICD-10 diagnosis of MDD being treated as inpatients at a psychiatric clinic were included. Embedded in the regular inpatient treatment course (8 weeks), patients received 12 sessions of the TADS-in manual. Quantitative assessment of symptom reduction and remission of MDD was conducted using a non-controlled pre-post design. The quantitative results were supplemented by a focus group with participating psychotherapists.

Results

Of the 29 patients included in the study at the beginning, 19 (65.5%) remained in the study at week 8. Symptoms of depression were statistically significantly lower at the end of treatment than at baseline according to self- (d = 1.38; mean change = 19.88; 95% CI = 12.48–27.28) and other reports (d = 0.64, mean change = 0.35; 95% CI = 0.08–0.62). Clinicians ratings of improvement (CGI-I) suggested that at the end of treatment, 15.8% were very much improved, 68.4% much improved, and 15.8% were minimally improved. According to diagnostic interviews with patients conducted at the end of treatment, 73.3% were in remission. The qualitative analysis showed that on the whole, the TADS-in manual is suitable for the inpatient setting. However, clinicians believed the effectiveness of TADS-in was limited by patient comorbidity and the fact that the inpatients were unable to practice incorporating techniques learnt into everyday life.

Conclusions

This study is the first to adapt the TADS manual to the inpatient setting. The sample of depressed adolescents showed reduced symptomology following treatment, although these findings require replicating in a randomized controlled trial before effects can be attributed to the TADS-in manual specifically. This pilot study informs further development of the manual as well as representing an important first step in the evaluation of the inpatient treatment of adolescent depression.

The study was retrospectively registered (DRKS00017308) and received no external funding.
Correction to: Thoracic endovascular repair of a rare case of leaking aortic arch intramural hematoma secondary to Giant cell arteritis
Authors: Salaskar Abhijit , Najam Farzad , Pocock Elizabeth , Sarin Shawn
Published: February 2020

‘In the published article (Salaskar et al. 2019) the statement under the subheading ‘Consent for publication’ is incorrect:
Toward operationalizing deficient emotional self-regulation in newly referred adults with ADHD: A receiver operator characteristic curve analysis
Authors: Biederman Joseph , DiSalvo Maura , Woodworth K. Yvonne , Fried Ronna , Uchida Mai , Biederman Itai , Spencer Thomas J. , Surman Craig , Faraone Stephen V.
Published: February 2020

Background.

A growing body of research suggests that deficient emotional self-regulation (DESR) is common and morbid among attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients. The main aim of the present study was to assess whether high and low levels of DESR in adult ADHD patients can be operationalized and whether they are clinically useful.

Methods.

A total of 441 newly referred 18- to 55-year-old adults of both sexes with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Fifth Edition (DSM-5) ADHD completed self-reported rating scales. We operationalized DESR using items from the Barkley Current Behavior Scale. We used receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves to identify the optimal cut-off on the Barkley Emotional Dysregulation (ED) Scale to categorize patients as having high- versus low-level DESR and compared demographic and clinical characteristics between the groups.

Results.

We averaged the optimal Barkley ED Scale cut-points from the ROC curve analyses across all subscales and categorized ADHD patients as having high- (N = 191) or low-level (N = 250) DESR (total Barkley ED Scale score ≥8 or <8, respectively). Those with high-level DESR had significantly more severe symptoms of ADHD, executive dysfunction, autistic traits, levels of psychopathology, and worse quality of life compared with those with low-level DESR. There were no major differences in outcomes among medicated and unmedicated patients.

Conclusions.

High levels of DESR are common in adults with ADHD and when present represent a burdensome source of added morbidity and disability worthy of further clinical and scientific attention.
Neoadjuvant nivolumab in resectable non-small cell lung cancer: Extended follow-up and molecular markers of response.
Authors: Reuss Joshua E. , Smith Kellie Nicole , Anagnostou Valsamo , Zhang Jiajia , Zahurak Marianna , Caushi Justina , Chan Hok Yee , Guo Haidan , Hellmann Matthew David , Pardoll Drew M. , Brahmer Julie R. , Chaft Jamie E. , Forde Patrick M.
Published: February 2020

8524

Background: Improved therapy is needed for patients (pts) with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as the majority relapse after curative resection. Our group reported the first trial of neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade in resectable NSCLC, finding therapy to be safe and feasible. Here we report extended clinical follow-up and long-term molecular response data from this trial. Methods: IV nivolumab 3 mg/kg was given every 2 weeks for 2 doses prior to surgery in 20 pts with resectable NSCLC at Johns Hopkins and MSKCC. Blood for correlative studies was taken prior to each dose of nivolumab, prior to surgery, 2-4 weeks post-surgery, and during long-term follow up. In a subgroup of pts, longitudinal molecular data was assessed in peripheral blood for circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and dynamics of tumor-infiltrating T-cell clonotypes. Results: At median follow up of 30 months (m), 15 of 20 pts are disease-free and alive. Two pts have died (one from relapsed disease). Median recurrence free survival (RFS) has not been reached. The 24m RFS rate is 69% (95% CI: 51-93). Thus far, presence of ctDNA at diagnosis and major pathologic response (MPR - ≤10% viable tumor in resected specimen) do not associate with RFS. One long-term immune-related adverse event has occurred (skin, G3). All pts who on pathologic review had ≥30% reduction in viable tumor in response to nivolumab demonstrated clearance of detectable ctDNA from blood prior to surgery. Pts with MPR experienced expansion of neoantigen-specific T-cells in peripheral blood. In one patient with ongoing disease free status, expansion of tumor-associated T-cells has persisted in peripheral blood beyond 15m from surgery. By contrast, in a patient who had detectable peri-operative ctDNA and 75% residual disease at surgery, minimal T-cell expansion was observed in peripheral blood, with a decreasing frequency of expanded T-cell clones over time that correlated with eventual cancer relapse. Conclusions: Long-term follow up reinforces the safety of neoadjuvant nivolumab in resectable NSCLC. Analysis of ctDNA and peripheral T-cell expansion in responders compared with non-responders suggests potential biomarkers for response and surveillance. While RFS data is encouraging, phase 3 trials are ongoing to evaluate efficacy of PD-(L)1 blockade in early-stage NSCLC. Clinical trial information: NCT02259621.
Oscillatory expression of Hes1 regulates cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the embryonic brain
Authors: Ochi Shohei , Imaizumi Yui , Shimojo Hiromi , Miyachi Hitoshi , Kageyama Ryoichiro
Published: February 2020

The expression of the transcriptional repressor Hes1 oscillates in many cell types, including neural progenitor cells (NPCs), but the significance of Hes1 oscillations in development is not fully understood. To examine the effect of altered oscillatory dynamics of Hes1, we generated two types of Hes1 knock-in mice, a shortened (type-1) and an elongated (type-2) Hes1 gene, and examined their phenotypes focusing on neural development. While both mutations affected Hes1 oscillations, the type-1 mutation dampened Hes1 oscillations more severely, resulting in much lower amplitudes. The average levels of Hes1 expression in type-1-mutant NPCs were also lower than in wild-type NPCs but similar to or slightly higher than those in Hes1 heterozygous mutant mice, which exhibit no apparent defects. While type-2-mutant mice were apparently normal, type-1-mutant mice displayed smaller brains than wild-type mice and up-regulated proneural gene expression. Furthermore, proliferation of NPCs decreased and cell death increased in type-1-mutant embryos. When Hes3 and Hes5 were additionally deleted, neuronal differentiation was also accelerated, leading to microcephaly. Thus, robust Hes1 oscillations are required for maintenance and proliferation of NPCs and the normal timing of neurogenesis, thereby regulating brain morphogenesis.
Spatiotemporal control of cell growth by CUC3 shapes leaf margins
Authors: Serra Léo , Perrot-Rechenmann Catherine
Published: February 2020

How a shape arises from the coordinated behavior of cells is one of the most fascinating questions in developmental biology. In plants, fine spatial and temporal controls of cell proliferation and cell expansion sustain differential growth that defines organ shape and size. At the leaf margin of Arabidopsis thaliana, interplay between auxin transport and transcription factors named CUP SHAPED COTYLEDON (CUCs), which are involved in the establishment of boundary domain identity, were reported to trigger differential growth, leading to serration. Cellular behaviors behind these differential growths remain scarcely described. Here, we used 3D and time lapse imaging on young leaves at different stages of development to determine the sequence of cellular events resulting in leaf serrations. In addition, we showed that the transcription factor CUC3 is a negative regulator of cell growth and that its expression dynamics in a small number of cells at the leaf margin is tightly associated with the control of differential growth.
CXXC finger protein 1-mediated histone H3 lysine-4 trimethylation is essential for proper meiotic crossover formation in mice
Authors: Jiang Yu , Zhang Hui-Ying , Lin Zhen , Zhu Ye-Zhang , Yu Chao , Sha Qian-Qian , Tong Ming-Han , Shen Li , Fan Heng-Yu
Published: February 2020

The most significant feature of meiosis is the recombination process during prophase I. CXXC finger protein 1 (CXXC1) binds to CpG islands and mediates the deposition of H3K4me3 by the SETD1 complex. CXXC1 is also predicted to recruit H3K4me3-marked regions to the chromosome axis for the generation of double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the prophase of meiosis. Therefore, we deleted Cxxc1 before the onset of meiosis with Stra8-Cre. The conditional knockout mice were completely sterile with spermatogenesis arrested at MII. Knockout of Cxxc1 led to a decrease in the H3K4me3 level from the pachytene to the MII stage and caused transcriptional disorder. Many spermatogenesis pathway genes were expressed early leading to abnormal acrosome formation in arrested MII cells. In meiotic prophase, deletion of Cxxc1 caused delayed DSB repair and improper crossover formation in cells at the pachytene stage, and more than half of the diplotene cells exhibited precocious homologous chromosome segregation in both male and female meiosis. Cxxc1 deletion also led to a significant decrease of H3K4me3 enrichment at DMC1-binding sites, which might compromise DSB generation. Taken together, our results show that CXXC1 is essential for proper meiotic crossover formation in mice and suggest that CXXC1-mediated H3K4me3 plays an essential role in meiotic prophase of spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
A single cell transcriptome atlas of the developing zebrafish hindbrain
Authors: Tambalo Monica , Mitter Richard , Wilkinson David G.
Published: February 2020

Segmentation of the vertebrate hindbrain leads to the formation of rhombomeres, each with a distinct anteroposterior identity. Specialised boundary cells form at segment borders that act as a source or regulator of neuronal differentiation. In zebrafish, there is spatial patterning of neurogenesis in which non-neurogenic zones form at boundaries and segment centres, in part mediated by Fgf20 signalling. To further understand the control of neurogenesis, we have carried out single cell RNA sequencing of the zebrafish hindbrain at three different stages of patterning. Analyses of the data reveal known and novel markers of distinct hindbrain segments, of cell types along the dorsoventral axis, and of the transition of progenitors to neuronal differentiation. We find major shifts in the transcriptome of progenitors and of differentiating cells between the different stages analysed. Supervised clustering with markers of boundary cells and segment centres, together with RNA-seq analysis of Fgf-regulated genes, has revealed new candidate regulators of cell differentiation in the hindbrain. These data provide a valuable resource for functional investigations of the patterning of neurogenesis and the transition of progenitors to neuronal differentiation.
Myosin heavy chain-embryonic regulates skeletal muscle differentiation during mammalian development
Authors: Agarwal Megha , Sharma Akashi , Kumar Pankaj , Kumar Amit , Bharadwaj Anushree , Saini Masum , Kardon Gabrielle , Mathew Sam J.
Published: February 2020

Myosin heavy chain-embryonic (MyHC-emb) is a skeletal muscle-specific contractile protein expressed during muscle development. Mutations in MYH3, the gene encoding MyHC-emb, lead to Freeman–Sheldon and Sheldon–Hall congenital contracture syndromes. Here, we characterize the role of MyHC-emb during mammalian development using targeted mouse alleles. Germline loss of MyHC-emb leads to neonatal and postnatal alterations in muscle fiber size, fiber number, fiber type and misregulation of genes involved in muscle differentiation. Deletion of Myh3 during embryonic myogenesis leads to the depletion of the myogenic progenitor cell pool and an increase in the myoblast pool, whereas fetal myogenesis-specific deletion of Myh3 causes the depletion of both myogenic progenitor and myoblast pools. We reveal that the non-cell-autonomous effect of MyHC-emb on myogenic progenitors and myoblasts is mediated by the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathway, and exogenous FGF rescues the myogenic differentiation defects upon loss of MyHC-emb function in vitro. Adult Myh3 null mice exhibit scoliosis, a characteristic phenotype exhibited by individuals with Freeman–Sheldon and Sheldon–Hall congenital contracture syndrome. Thus, we have identified MyHC-emb as a crucial myogenic regulator during development, performing dual cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous functions.

This article has an associated ‘The people behind the papers’ interview.
Jump around: transposons in and out of the laboratory
Authors: Kumar Anuj
Published: February 2020

Since Barbara McClintock’s groundbreaking discovery of mobile DNA sequences some 70 years ago, transposable elements have come to be recognized as important mutagenic agents impacting genome composition, genome evolution, and human health. Transposable elements are a major constituent of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes, and the transposition mechanisms enabling transposon proliferation over evolutionary time remain engaging topics for study, suggesting complex interactions with the host, both antagonistic and mutualistic. The impact of transposition is profound, as over 100 human heritable diseases have been attributed to transposon insertions. Transposition can be highly mutagenic, perturbing genome integrity and gene expression in a wide range of organisms. This mutagenic potential has been exploited in the laboratory, where transposons have long been utilized for phenotypic screening and the generation of defined mutant libraries. More recently, barcoding applications and methods for RNA-directed transposition are being used towards new phenotypic screens and studies relevant for gene therapy. Thus, transposable elements are significant in affecting biology bothin vivoand in the laboratory, and this review will survey advances in understanding the biological role of transposons and relevant laboratory applications of these powerful molecular tools.
Recent advances in understanding resistance exercise training-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy in humans
Authors: Joanisse Sophie , Lim Changhyun , McKendry James , Mcleod Jonathan C. , Stokes Tanner , Phillips Stuart M.
Published: February 2020

Skeletal muscle plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of physical and metabolic health and, critically, mobility. Accordingly, strategies focused on increasing the quality and quantity of skeletal muscle are relevant, and resistance exercise is foundational to the process of functional hypertrophy. Much of our current understanding of skeletal muscle hypertrophy can be attributed to the development and utilization of stable isotopically labeled tracers. We know that resistance exercise and sufficient protein intake act synergistically and provide the most effective stimuli to enhance skeletal muscle mass; however, the molecular intricacies that underpin the tremendous response variability to resistance exercise-induced hypertrophy are complex. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent studies with the aim of shedding light on key regulatory mechanisms that dictate hypertrophic gains in skeletal muscle mass. We also aim to provide a brief up-to-date summary of the recent advances in our understanding of skeletal muscle hypertrophy in response to resistance training in humans.
AREAS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WORK WITH THE WIVES OF SERVICEMEN PERFORMING COMBAT MISSIONS OUTSIDE THE BORDERS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Gudkova Irina
Published: February 2020

The article describes the results of an empirical study aimed at identifying the relationship between the level of satisfaction with marriage by the wives of militaries performing combat missions outside the borders of the Russian Federation, with their individual characteristics. The averaged psychological portraits of categories of women with different levels of satisfaction with marriage are given. The "goal" of psychological work with each of the selected categories of respondents were determined, taking into account their unique psychological characteristics, as well as General directions with the category of wives of servicemen performing their duty away from home in dangerous conditions.
W poszukiwaniu rusińskiego separatyzmu
Authors: Michna Ewa
Published: February 2020

In Search of Rusyn Separatism

Separatism is both a social phenomenon and a political category employed in analysis of diverse types of phenomena by social sciences. Colloquially it is often used to label and deprecate emancipating aspirations of groups that strive for recognition. Whether such aspirations of a given ethnic/national group are, or are not, considered separatism depends on the accepted definition of the term as well as the vantage point assumed in description. This paper attempts to view the process of emancipation of Trans-Carpathian Rusyns from two perspectives: various ways in which this complex phenomenon is approached throughout social sciences as well as an intragroup perspective of the actual participants of the process: Rusyn activists in Trans-Carpathian Ruthenia.
Полицентричне стандардизованє русинского язика
Authors: Фейса Михайло П.
Published: February 2020

The Polycentric Standardization of the Rusyn Language

Pursuant to the conclusions of the First Rusyn Language Congress held in Bardejovske Kupele (Slovakia) in 1992 Rusyn language planners are advised to follow the so-called Romansh model of the construction of a literary language (the Romansh language is spoken in five standardized idioms in South-Eastern Switzerland). This implies that each country inhabited by Rusyns should codify its own variant of the literary language based on the live local Rusyn language. Thus there emerge four variants of the Rusyn language: the Bačka-Srem variant (in Serbia and Croatia), the Prešov variant (in Slovakia), the Lemko variant (in Poland), and the Trans-Carpathian variant (in Ukraine; used in Romania and Hungary as well). The paper brings attention to the status and perspectives of the four variants of the Rusyn language. The Rusyn language codification process may be viewed as polycentric standardization.
Proactive Customer Service: Operational Benefits and Economic Frictions
Authors: Delana Kraig , Savva Nicos , Tezcan Tolga
Published: February 2020

Problem definition: We study a service setting where the provider has information about some customers’ future service needs and may initiate service for such customers proactively, if they agree to be flexible with respect to the timing of service delivery. Academic/practical relevance: Information about future customer-service needs is becoming increasingly available through remote monitoring systems and data analytics. However, the literature has not systematically examined proactive service as a tool that can be used to better match demand to service supply when customers are strategic. Methodology: We combine (i) queueing theory, and in particular a diffusion approximation developed specifically for this problem that allows us to derive analytic approximations for customer waiting times, with (ii) game theory, which captures customer incentives to adopt proactive service. Results: We show that proactive service can reduce customer waiting times, even if only a relatively small proportion of customers agree to be flexible, the information lead time is limited, and the system makes occasional errors in providing proactive service—in fact, we show that the system’s ability to tolerate errors increases with (nominal) utilization. Nevertheless, we show that these benefits may fail to materialize in equilibrium because of economic frictions: Customers will underadopt proactive service (due to free-riding) and overjoin the system (due to negative congestion-based externalities). We also show that the service provider can incentivize optimal customer behavior through appropriate pricing. Managerial implications: Our results suggest that proactive service may offer substantial operational benefits, but caution that it may fail to fulfill its potential due to customer self-interested behavior.
Anomalous pupillary responses to M-cone onsets are linked to ${\rm L}{:}{\rm M}$L:M ratio
Authors: Parry Neil R. A. , Rodrigo-Diaz Elena , Murray Ian J.
Published: February 2020

M-cone stimulation induces a pupil constriction to stimulus offset, whereas, with L cones, the pupil responds conventionally with a constriction to onset. To test the possibility that this paradox is linked to the

L

:

M

ratio, we measured the strength of the effect by injecting a variable amount of positive or negative luminance contamination on either side of M-cone isolation and identifying a balance point at which the pupil responded equally to onset and offset. Nineteen individuals were recruited. In observers with low

L

:

M

ratio, the paradoxical effect was weak. There was a significant relationship (

r

2

=

0.561

) between the balance point and

L

:

M

ratio. The effect is likely to be linked to strong inhibitory signals associated with cone-opponent pathways.
Near-UV luminescence tomography with an aperture-free meta super oscillatory lens for single molecule detection
Authors: Ali Hassan , Ni Haibin , Xu Xin
Published: February 2020

Medical physics offers super oscillatory lenses (SOL) to attain subwavelength focusing for efficient image resolution in the detection of a single molecule. In this paper, we propose a negative-indexed permeability-controlled meta SOL, which restores the light concentration via exciting surface plasmon resonance and enhances luminescence at our region of interest, i.e., fluid sample (

S
L

). The meta SOL is aperture-free in comparison with other techniques (zero-mode waveguides and nano antennas) and hence avoids the constraints, which are posed by nano apertures, to insert a small volume of

S
L

into these nano apertures for detection purposes. The meta SOL is a unique combination of gold split rings mounted on silicon dioxide (

S
i
O

2

) substrate and operational in the near-ultraviolet (UV) region. We utilized the phenomena of negative index of refraction, and our simulated trails exploit the magnetic (

μ
r

) response of the meta SOL by analyzing its transmission spectra in the frequency range from 3.53 to 3.57 Peta Hz. We observe the methodical response of the meta SOL with its ample potential to surpass the resolution at a working wavelength of

λ
=

84.173

n
m

, which enhances luminescence by restoring the evanescent UV magnetic field (

B

U
V

) at

S
L

. This technique will offer a new and easy approach to uplift the efficiency of super oscillatory lenses in the near-UV regime to benefit single molecule detection techniques and thus the novelty.
Bistable active spectral tuning of one-dimensional nanophotonic crystal by phase change
Authors: Zhou Shaolin , Chen Shanri , Wu Yufei , Liao Shaowei , Li Hailiang , Xie Changqing , Chan Mansun
Published: February 2020

Active spectral tuning of nanophotonic devices offers many fascinating prospects for the realization of novel optical function. Here, switchable spectral response is enabled by the architecture of one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal (PC) integrated with phase change material of the germanium antimony telluride (GST). Active and precise tuning of the bistable passband and central resonant frequency is demonstrated in the 1D PC composed of alternate SiN and GST nanofilms. An analytical model is derived to specify the tunable spectral features, including the band gap and resonant frequencies. Both the measured and calculated results show distinct red shifts of passband and the resonant minima (or maxima), well confirming theoretical predictions. This work demonstrates a route to construct active photonic devices with the electrically or thermally tunable spectra via 1D PC and potentially extends diverse applications based on the PC platform.
Controllable coupling between an ultra-high-Q microtoroid cavity and a graphene monolayer for optical filtering and switching applications
Authors: Fan Huibo , Zhang Xun , Zhao Jinyi , Li Shengjun , Hua Shiyue , Zhao Mingming , Hu Yong , Wan Wenjie , Zhai Yanhua , Wen Jianming , Jiang Xiaoshun , Xiao Min
Published: February 2020

Whispering-gallery-mode optical microresonators have found impactful applications in various areas due to their remarkable properties such as ultra-high quality factor (Q-factor), small mode volume, and strong evanescent field. Among these applications, controllable tuning of the optical Q-factor is vital for on-chip optical modulation and various opto-electronic devices. Here, we report an experimental demonstration with a hybrid structure formed by an ultra-high-Q microtoroid cavity and a graphene monolayer. Thanks to the strong interaction of the evanescent wave with the graphene, the structure allows the Q-factor to be controllably varied in the range of 3.9 × 105 ∼ 6.2 × 107 by engineering optical absorption via changing the gap distance in between. At the same time, a resonant wavelength shift of 32 pm was also observed. Besides, the scheme enables us to approach the critical coupling with a coupling depth of 99.6%. As potential applications in integrated opto-electronic devices, we further use the system to realize a tunable optical filter with tunable bandwidth from 116.5 MHz to 2.2 GHz as well as an optical switch with a maximal extinction ratio of 31 dB and response time of 21 ms.
Linewidth reduction effect of a cavity-coupled dual-passband plasmonic filter
Authors: Gao Jinbo , Gao Jinsong , Li Zizheng , Yang Haigui , Liu Hai , Wang Xiaoyi , Wang Tongtong , Wang Ke , Li Qiang , Liu Xiaoyi , Wang Yanchao , Gao Ruoqian , Zhao Yuanhang
Published: February 2020

We propose a novel cavity-coupled MIM nano-hole array structure that exhibits a tunable dual passband in the near-infrared regime. When compared with the traditional single metal film, the designed structure provides a coupling effect between Gspp and SPP to significantly reduce the linewidths of the two transmission peaks. We also reveal the physical origin of the positive and negative influence of the cavity effect on the transmission of high-frequency and low-frequency peaks. This work supplies a new modulation theory for plasmonic devices based on the EOT phenomenon and has a wide application prospect in the fields of infrared sensor, plasmonic filter, and hyperspectral imaging.
High-temperature all-fiber non-destructive multi-parameter sensing system with consistent performance
Authors: He Jiaji , Hu Chennan , Hu Di , Wang Anbo
Published: February 2020

A high-temperature all-fiber non-destructive multi-parameter sensing system is developed. The system can operate consistently in a wide range of temperature changes by specially designed active signal generation and detection units. It is capable of monitoring temperature up to 600°C and cracks on metal pipes with an acoustic wave generation unit and an acoustic detection unit. A gold-coated multi-mode fiber is used to deliver a laser pulse for acoustic excitation while minimizing parasitic acoustic signals at high temperature. An in-fiber Fabry–Perot fiber Bragg grating (FP-FBG) is fabricated in another single-mode fiber and bonded to the test object for acoustic detection. The FP-FBG avoids strain redistribution inside the bonder at high temperature to ensure consistent operation. The feasibility of the system for temperature monitoring and crack detection in real-world applications is also demonstrated on an industry-standard P91 pipe.
Dynamic strain measurement by a single-slope-assisted chaotic Brillouin optical correlation-domain analysis
Authors: Wang Yahui , Zhao Le , Zhang Mingjiang , Zhang Jianzhong , Qiao Lijun , Wang Tao , Gao Shaohua , Zhang Qian , Wang Yuncai
Published: February 2020

We propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, method to enhance the measurement range of dynamic strain using a single-slope-assisted chaotic Brillouin optical correlation-domain analysis. The broadband chaos provides a Gaussian-shape pump-probe beat spectrum so that not only the centimeter-level spatial resolution is achieved but also the linewidth of the chaotic Brillouin gain spectrum is naturally broadened. Thus, the enlarged linear region could be employed to dynamically measure a large-range stretched strain. This experiment is the first to accurately identify the maximal strain of 1200 

µ
ε

with a high spatial resolution of 3.45 cm using the single-slope-assisted technology. The dynamic frequency is 4.67 Hz in the highest but limited by the practical devices.
Acoustic-spectrum-compensated photoacoustic microscopy
Authors: Liang Yizhi , Liu Huan , Li Qiang , Jin Long , Guan Bai-Ou , Wang Lidai
Published: February 2020

Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) can label-free image oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin (

H
b
O

2

and Hb) concentrations in vivo, providing useful information for metabolic researches and diagnostic applications. Conventional PAM assumes a linear relationship between the photoacoustic amplitude and the absorption coefficient. However, many factors, including absorber size, laser pulse width, and frequency response of the ultrasound transducer, may affect the measured acoustic spectrum and the shape of the temporal photoacoustic signal. The ultrasound transducer may weigh the blood vessels differently according to their diameters. In addition, the pulse width also affects the photoacoustic signal amplitude. These factors may cause inaccurate measurement of Hb and

H
b
O

2

concentrations. To address this issue, we develop an acoustic-spectrum-compensated optical-resolution PAM (OR-PAM) that corrects the nonuniform acoustic spectrum and makes the quantitative results to be independent of the vessel diameter and pulse width. In dual-wavelength OR-PAM, we demonstrate that the acoustic spectrum compensation can improve the accuracy of oxygen saturation imaging by

∼

15

%

.
RETRACTED: Secure BB84-type quantum key distribution with a simple phase error formula
Authors: Yin Hua-Lei , Chen Zeng-Bing
Published: February 2020

The BB84-based quantum key distribution system is limited in high-speed
and chip integration due to the requirement of preparing and measuring
four states. Recently, the simplified BB84 protocol with preparation
and measurement of only three states has showed the approximate secret
key rate with standard BB84. However, the security proof is valid only
under the collective attack and requires the basis-independent
detection efficiency condition. Here, we provide a security proof
against the coherent attack, which simultaneously removes the
basis-independent detection efficiency condition. Importantly, the
phase error rate formula is quite simple through subtle observation.
We expect that the simplified BB84 protocol with the decoy-state
method can be implemented widely in reality.
Concentric microcavities for cylindrical vector beam lasers
Authors: Zheng Shuang , Ma Xiang , Chen Quanan , Lu Qiaoyin , Guo Weihua , Wang Jian
Published: February 2020

Cylindrical vector (CV) beams with polarization singularities have attracted intense research interest because of their important applications in optical trapping and manipulation, imaging, and high-speed optical communication. In this Letter, we propose a high-speed integrated device designed to emit fundamental CV beams, including both radially and azimuthally polarized beams. The device is composed of two grating-assisted concentric microcavities based on an InP platform. The microcavity with only a second-order grating shallowly etched on the top is optimized and used for improved azimuthally polarized CV beam emission. Another microcavity with both a triangular-shaped side grating and a rectangular-shaped top grating is employed for radially polarized CV beam lasing. The proposed devices can be further developed to be compatible with wavelength-division multiplexing and mode-division multiplexing techniques. They hold great potential in CV beam-based classical and quantum communication systems.
Measurement of the piezooptic coefficient of ceramic YAG and analysis of depolarization
Authors: Hamamoto Koichi , Yasuhara Ryo , Tokita Shigeki , Chyla Michal , Kawanaka Junji
Published: February 2020

To analyze the thermal birefringence effects in laser gain materials,
knowledge of the piezooptic coefficients of the materials is required.
The piezooptic coefficients of ceramic YAG were measured using the
four-point bending method. To our knowledge, this is the first report
of this measurement for ceramic YAG. With the measured values, the
depolarization of a ceramic YAG laser was analyzed. Overall, the
results agree with that of single-crystal YAG in the [111] direction.
Ceramic YAG will produce a larger depolarization compared with
[100]-direction YAG with an appropriate input polarization angle.
Hydrolysis of Cellulose by Soluble Clostridium Thermocellum and Acidothermus Cellulolyticus Cellulases
Authors: Brumm Phillip , Brumm Phillip , Xie Dan , Xie Dan , Allen Larry , Allen Larry , Mead David A. , Mead David A.
Published: February 2020

The goal of this work was to clone, express, characterize and assemble a set of soluble thermostablecellulases capable of significantly degrading cellulose. We successfully cloned, expressed, and purified eleven Clostridium thermocellum (Cthe) cellulases and eight Acidothermuscellulolyticus(Acel) cellulases. The performance of the nineteen enzymes was evaluated on crystalline (filter paper) and amorphous (PASC) cellulose. Hydrolysis products generated from these two substrates were converted to glucose using beta-glucosidase and the glucose formed was determined enzymatically. Ten of the eleven Cthe enzymes were highly active on amorphous cellulose. The individual enzymes all produced <10% reducing sugar equivalents from filter paper. Combinations of Cthe cellulases gave higher conversions, with the combination of CelE, CelI, CelG, and CelK converting 34% of the crystalline cellulose. All eight Acel cellulases showed endo-cellulase activity and were highly active on PASC. Only Acel_0615 produced more than 10% reducing sugar equivalents from filter paper, and a combination of six Acel cellulases produced 32% conversion. Acel_0617, a GH48 exo-cellulase, and Acel_0619, a GH12 endo-cellulase, synergistically stimulated cellulose degradation by the combination of Cthe cellulases to almost 80%. Addition of both Acel enzymes to the Cthe enzyme mix did not further stimulate hydrolysis. Cthe CelG and CelI stimulated cellulose degradation by the combination of Acel cellulases to 66%.