bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social capital, power, school-based decision making, and the teaching assignment process
Authors: Lieberman Daina S. , Clayton Jennifer K.
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate power and its influence on the teaching assignment process and school-based decision making.

Design/methodology/approach

Qualitative interpretive design and thematic analysis were used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with teachers and administrators.

Findings

Both teachers and administrators discussed power and social capital as components of the teaching assignment process. Teachers viewed the origins of their social capital differently than administrators and felt social capital was evident in school-based decision making and the teaching assignment process.

Research limitations/implications

Participants were demographically rather homogeneous. Further studies with a diverse sample could examine race and gender as factors in the teaching assignment process.

Practical implications

This study demonstrates a need for administrators to examine how they consider social capital when distributing teaching assignments and involving teachers in school-based decision making. Administrators’ actions may result in teacher tracking, disadvantaging marginalized and at-risk student populations.

Social implications

There is a clear disconnect between administrator and teacher understanding of the purpose and practice of teaching assignment distribution. Administrators were unaware of their own power, how they wielded it, and the effect it had on teachers.

Originality/value

Few studies have examined teacher–administrator power relations or the teaching assignment process at the secondary level. This study connects the teaching assignment process to social capital and power.
Knowledge sharing and unethical pro-organizational behavior in a Mexican organization
Authors: Belausteguigoitia Rius Imanol , De Clercq Dirk
Published: September 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the relationship of knowledge sharing with unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB) and the potential augmenting effects of two factors: employees’ dispositional resistance to change and perceptions of organizational politics.

Design/methodology/approach

Quantitative data come from employees in a Mexican manufacturing organization. The hypotheses tests use hierarchical regression analysis.

Findings

Knowledge sharing increases the risk that employees engage in UPB. This effect is most salient when employees tend to resist organizational change or believe the organizational climate is highly political.

Practical implications

Organizations should discourage UPB with their ranks, and to do so, they must realize that employees’ likelihood to engage in it may be enhanced by their access to peer knowledge. Employees with such access may feel more confident that they can protect their organization against external scrutiny through such unethical means. This process can be activated by both personal and organizational factors that make UPB appear more desirable.

Originality/value

This study contributes to organizational research by providing a deeper understanding of the risk that employees will engage in UPB, according to the extent of their knowledge sharing. It also explicates when knowledge sharing might have the greatest impact, both for good and for ill.
From intention to entrepreneurial action
Authors: Oliveira António , Rua Orlando Lima
Published: September 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to contribute to the explanatory debate of the entrepreneurial intention-action gap that results from the interposition of normative-regulatory, sociocultural and economic-financial barriers facing potential and intending entrepreneurs.

Design/methodology/approach

Grounded on post-positivist position, the authors propose a quantitative approach, surveying 569 potential and intending entrepreneurs from a longitudinal and stratified sample of 22 years.

Findings

The economic-financial barrier is the most important, followed by the sociocultural except in the period in which access to banking financial support is facilitated, where the order is reversed. The impact of the normative-regulatory barrier is statistically relevant, but irrelevant on the magnitude. The results also allow us to conclude that a lower development of the project accentuates the entrepreneurial intention-action gap and, finally, support the existence of a medium/long-term temporal relation between entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial action.

Research limitations/implications

From an empirical standpoint, the sample was limited to potential and pretending entrepreneurs from one national institution and one country. This limits the scope of generalization. Further studies in multiple contexts should be undertaken.

Practical implications

The study points to contradictory results with the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor – Portuguese Reports, which, if confirmed, require the reformulation of Portuguese national policies in the promotion and development of entrepreneurial activities.

Originality/value

The study is novel by providing new insights about entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurial intention-action gap.
Risk Locus Identification Ties Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms to SORCS2
Authors: Smith Andrew H. , Ovesen Peter L. , Skeldal Sune , Yeo Seungeun , Jensen Kevin P. , Olsen Ditte , Diazgranados Nancy , Zhao Hongyu , Farrer Lindsay A. , Goldman David , Glerup Simon , Kranzler Henry R. , Nykjær Anders , Gelernter Joel
Published: September 2018

Background

Efforts to promote the cessation of harmful alcohol use are hindered by the affective and physiological components of alcohol withdrawal (AW), which can include life‐threatening seizures. Although previous studies of AW and relapse have highlighted the detrimental role of stress, little is known about genetic risk factors.

Methods

We conducted a genome‐wide association study of AW symptom count in uniformly assessed subjects with histories of serious AW, followed by additional genotyping in independent AW subjects.

Results

The top association signal for AW severity was in sortilin family neurotrophin receptor gene SORCS2 on chromosome 4 (European American meta‐analysis n = 1,478, p = 4.3 × 10−9). There were no genome‐wide significant findings in African Americans (n = 1,231). Bioinformatic analyses were conducted using publicly available high‐throughput transcriptomic and epigenomic data sets, showing that in humans SORCS2 is most highly expressed in the nervous system. The identified SORCS2 risk haplotype is predicted to disrupt a stress hormone‐modulated regulatory element that has tissue‐specific activity in human hippocampus. We used human neural lineage cells to demonstrate in vitro a causal relationship between stress hormone levels and SORCS2 expression, and show that SORCS2 levels in culture are increased upon ethanol exposure and withdrawal.

Conclusions

Taken together, these findings indicate that the pathophysiology of withdrawal may involve the effects of stress hormones on neurotrophic factor signaling. Further investigation of these pathways could produce new approaches to managing the aversive consequences of abrupt alcohol cessation.
Cash holdings, costly financing and theqtheory of returns
Authors: Galpin Neal
Published: September 2018

I add cash holdings into an investment‐based model of stock returns. I motivate cash holdings via costly outside financing. The model shows a relation between stock returns and cash holdings and provides a structural foundation for estimating the value of cash holdings from regressions. I estimate the model at the firm level—a task notoriously difficult forqtheoretic models. Adding cash into the model substantially improves model fit on average, and accounting for costly investment and financing help improve fit across firms.
Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy with oxaliplatin for peritoneal carcinomatosis: a clinical pharmacological perspective on a surgical procedure
Authors: de Jong Loek A. W. , Elekonawo Fortuné M. K. , de Reuver Philip R. , Bremers Andre J. A. , de Wilt Johannes H. W. , Jansman Frank G. A. , ter Heine Rob , van Erp Nielka P.
Published: September 2018

Cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has become the standard of care in the treatment of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin. The use of oxaliplatin for HIPEC has gained popularity. Although the HIPEC procedure is adopted throughout the world, major differences exist between treatment protocols regarding the carrier solution, perfusate volume, use of an open or closed technique, duration of the perfusion and application of additional flushing. These differences can influence the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oxaliplatin and might thereby have an impact on the efficacy and/or safety of the treatment. Clinicians should be aware of the clinical importance of oxaliplatin pharmacology when performing HIPEC surgery. This review adds new insights into the complex field of the pharmacology of HIPEC and highlights an important worldwide problem: the lack of standardization of the HIPEC procedure.
Challenges in managing parental expectations in paediatric care
Authors: du Pré Pascale , Brierley Joe
Published: September 2018

Given the recent number of controversial cases featured in the media, it is timely to consider the management of parental expectations in paediatric care. What is sadly overlooked in the controversy is the usual excellent working relationship formed by treating child health professionals, parents (those with parental responsibility) and children themselves in tackling really tough situations. We are able to do more and more to tackle previously deadly diseases, and yet the burden of our treatments is undeniably higher. At the same time, social changes and ready access to information have led to a necessary reduction in medical paternalism, and more empowered and knowledgeable patients. We review how things have become very challenging in this arena in the UK over the last decades, and consider the issues surrounding disagreements and conflict. On the background of population shifts, religious diversity and populism, parental expectations now vary dramatically given the same situation. The challenge is still met by communicating, listening with empathy but finally by adhering to the basic tenet of Article 3 of the UN Convention of the Rights of the Child – ‘The best interests of children must be the primary concern in making decisions that may affect them.’
Seeking normality: Parents' experiences of childhood stroke
Authors: McKevitt Christopher , Topor Marta , Panton Anna , Mallick Andrew A. , Ganesan Vijeya , Wraige Elizabeth , Gordon Anne
Published: September 2018

Background

Incidence of paediatric stroke has been estimated to range from 1.2 to 13 per 100,000 children under 18 years of age. It is a significant cause of long‐term morbidity in children with long‐term impacts on physical, cognitive, psychological, and social outcomes. However, little is known about the experiences of parents caring for a child with stroke. Such information is needed to inform the development of child‐ and family‐centred care.

Methods

We conducted in‐depth interviews with parents of children with stroke. Participants were purposively sampled from three regional specialist services in England, based on the age of the child at stroke onset and time since first stroke. Interviews used a topic guide and were audio recorded and transcribed in full. Thematic analysis was conducted to develop an account that reflected patients' experiences from their own perspectives.

Results

Twelve parents participated with five children classified as having no to mild deficits and seven with moderate to severe deficits. Parents were concerned about the effects of stroke on the child's psychological, cognitive, and social well‐being. Significant impacts on parents own well‐being and on the family were reported. Although most experienced good quality acute care, meeting the child's needs after hospital discharge was problematic, with low levels of awareness of paediatric stroke among professionals and difficulties accessing relevant information and services. Meeting special education needs was variable. Parents were proactive in seeking to establish a sense of normality for the child and themselves.

Conclusions

The findings illuminate a wider picture of paediatric stroke than indicated by clinical outcomes alone. Parents' experiences varied according to the child's needs but also family's situation and geographical location. Particular attention should be paid to co‐ordinating services to meet multiple needs after discharge from hospital.
Safety of primary anastomosis following emergency left sided colorectal resection: an international, multi‐centre prospective audit
Authors:   The 2017 European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP) collaborating group
Published: September 2018

Introduction

Some evidence suggests that primary anastomosis following left sided colorectal resection in the emergency setting may be safe in selected patients, and confer favourable outcomes to permanent enterostomy. The aim of this study was to compare the major postoperative complication rate in patients undergoing end stoma vs primary anastomosis following emergency left sided colorectal resection.

Methods

A pre‐planned analysis of the European Society of Coloproctology 2017 audit. Adult patients (> 16 years) who underwent emergency (unplanned, within 24 h of hospital admission) left sided colonic or rectal resection were included. The primary endpoint was the 30‐day major complication rate (Clavien‐Dindo grade 3 to 5).

Results

From 591 patients, 455 (77%) received an end stoma, 103 a primary anastomosis (17%) and 33 primary anastomosis with defunctioning stoma (6%). In multivariable models, anastomosis was associated with a similar major complication rate to end stoma (adjusted odds ratio for end stoma 1.52, 95%CI 0.83–2.79, P = 0.173). Although a defunctioning stoma was not associated with reduced anastomotic leak (12% defunctioned [4/33] vs 13% not defunctioned [13/97], adjusted odds ratio 2.19, 95%CI 0.43–11.02, P = 0.343), it was associated with less severe complications (75% [3/4] with defunctioning stoma, 86.7% anastomosis only [13/15]), a lower mortality rate (0% [0/4] vs 20% [3/15]), and fewer reoperations (50% [2/4] vs 73% [11/15]) when a leak did occur.

Conclusions

Primary anastomosis in selected patients appears safe after left sided emergency colorectal resection. A defunctioning stoma might mitigate against risk of subsequent complications.
Inside bilingualism: Language background modulates selective attention to a talker's mouth
Authors: Birulés Joan , Bosch Laura , Brieke Ricarda , Pons Ferran , Lewkowicz David J.
Published: September 2018

Previous findings indicate that bilingual Catalan/Spanish‐learning infants attend more to the highly salient audiovisual redundancy cues normally available in a talker's mouth than do monolingual infants. Presumably, greater attention to such cues renders the challenge of learning two languages easier. Spanish and Catalan are, however, rhythmically and phonologically close languages. This raises the possibility that bilinguals only rely on redundant audiovisual cues when their languages are close. To test this possibility, we exposed 15‐month‐old and 4‐ to 6‐year‐old close‐language bilinguals (Spanish/Catalan) and distant‐language bilinguals (Spanish/”other”) to videos of a talker uttering Spanish or Catalan (native) and English (non‐native) monologues and recorded eye‐gaze to the talker's eyes and mouth. At both ages, the close‐language bilinguals attended more to the talker's mouth than the distant‐language bilinguals. This indicates that language proximity modulates selective attention to a talker's mouth during early childhood and suggests that reliance on the greater salience of audiovisual speech cues depends on the difficulty of the speech‐processing task.
Metacognitive scaffolding boosts cognitive and neural benefits following executive attention training in children
Authors: Pozuelos Joan Paul , Combita Lina M. , Abundis Alicia , Paz‐Alonso Pedro M. , Conejero Ángela , Guerra Sonia , Rueda M. Rosario
Published: September 2018

Interventions including social scaffolding and metacognitive strategies have been used in educational settings to promote cognition. In addition, increasing evidence shows that computerized process‐based training enhances cognitive skills. However, no prior studies have examined the effect of combining these two training strategies. The goal of this study was to test the combined effect of metacognitive scaffolding and computer‐based training of executive attention in a sample of typically developing preschoolers at the cognitive and brain levels. Compared to children in the regular training protocol and an untrained active control group, children in the metacognitive group showed larger gains on intelligence and significant increases on an electrophysiological index associated with conflict processing. Moreover, changes in the conflict‐related brain activity predicted gains in intelligence in the metacognitive scaffolding group. These results suggest that metacognitive scaffolding boosts the influence of process‐based training on cognitive efficiency and brain plasticity related to executive attention.
DOES WHOM YOU KNOW MATTER? UNRAVELING THE INFLUENCE OF PEERS' NETWORK ATTRIBUTES ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
Authors: Jain Tarun , Langer Nishtha
Published: September 2018

This paper examines how students' network size, distance, prestige, and connections to influential individuals impact academic performance. Larger and closer networks facilitate information exchange, but may also increase distractions that decrease productivity. We resolve this ambiguity using administrative data from a business school that features random assignment of students to multiple overlapping sets of peers, allowing us to calculate degree, closeness, eigenvector, and Katz‐Bonacich centrality for each node. We find that increasing closeness centrality within the network negatively affects student performance measured by grade point average, suggesting that synergy reduction and information processing costs outweigh benefits from greater information access. (JEL I23, L14, L23)
Neurogenetic determinants and mechanisms of addiction to nicotine and smoked tobacco
Authors: Sharp Burt M. , Chen Hao
Published: September 2018

The single most preventable cause of disease, disability, and death in the United States is tobacco use. Decades of study show that the risk of becoming addicted to smoked cigarettes varies greatly amongst individuals and is heritable, yet environmental factors are also important contributors. In this review, we consider a wide range of methodologies and key published reports that have defined the inheritance of different stages of nicotine‐dependent smoking behavior, including preference, initiation, regular use, withdrawal and dependence as well as cessation and relapse. Major findings from both animal and human studies are discussed. Current findings converge primarily on the role of nicotinic cholinergic receptor subunits, although other neurotransmitter systems as well as nicotine metabolism enzymes are implicated. Various stages of nicotine addiction may share common genetic mechanisms, yet several lines of evidence indicate that each stage also has its own unique genetic determinants. Studies on the heritability of smoking initiation demonstrate substantial evidence for gene–environment interaction, although the precise molecular genetic mechanism(s) remains unknown. Considering the relatively few genes identified so far and the small to modest fraction of the variance in risk for a particular smoking phenotype (e.g., smoking initiation in late adolescence) attributable to these genes, a large gap remains to be filled in order to account for the heritability of key phenotypes involved in each stage of addiction to smoked tobacco. Looking forward, new research strategies involving both human and animal studies will produce the fundamental genetic insights that are the foundation for the precision medical treatment of individuals addicted to smoked tobacco.
Populism and democracy: The challenge for deliberative democracy
Authors: Sharon Assaf
Published: September 2018

Theorists of democracy have long grappled with the question of how to uphold the promise of popular government while restraining populist excesses. The deliberative conception of democracy proposes to do so by subjecting power to collective decision making through procedures of free and equal public deliberation. Critics of this idea often target its realizability. Though valid in theory, they claim, deliberative democracy is hopelessly utopian. The paper argues that, given a proper understanding of the deliberative approach and its underlying ideal of collective self‐government, this line of criticism is not very potent. However, another line of criticism, less pronounced in the contemporary debate, is more effective, questioning the very cogency of public discussion, even by a competent public, as a means of collective self‐government. Open public discussion is prone to various forms of manipulation and deception, which subvert rather than facilitate self‐government. Deliberative democracy's egalitarianism and populism therefore run counter to its deliberative aspiration, which underpins its ideal of democratic legitimacy.
Ecology of giant water bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Belostomatidae)
Authors: Ohba Shin‐ya
Published: September 2018

Giant water bugs (Heteroptera: Belostomatidae) are aquatic predators of freshwater habitats, and include ca. 150 species distributed throughout the world's subtropical and tropical areas. They have unique mating systems, which involve female competition, and exhibit paternal care, wherein males attend eggs laid by the females on emergent plants (Lethocerinae) or on their backs (Belostomatinae). I review here the studies on the predator–prey relationships, morphology, migration, mating behavior and conservation of this family of insects.
Sisters (can’t) unite! Wages as macro‐political and the gendered power orders of corporatism
Authors: Koskinen Sandberg Paula , Saari Milja
Published: September 2018

In addition to political parties and the government, trade union confederations and employer organizations are major power players in the Finnish labour market, policymaking and the wider society. This article analyses the significant role of the Finnish corporatist regime in creating and maintaining the gendered hierarchies of the labour market, including the gender pay gap. Using the case of the Finnish nurses’ industrial action in 2007, our analysis highlights the capacity of the corporatist regime to resist change in current wage relativities and effectively block attempts made to challenge the status quo. This article describes how wages are macro‐political, shaped by political processes, negotiations, power relations and vested interests of central stakeholders within the Finnish corporatist regime. The analysis focuses on the problem representations through which the actors articulate either their attempt to increase wages or to maintain the status quo, which makes their vested interests, as well as politics, visible.
Physical properties of emulsion gels formulated with sonicated soy protein isolate
Authors: Paglarini Camila S. , Martini Silvana , Pollonio Marise A. R.
Published: September 2018

This study aimed to determine the effect of high‐intensity ultrasound (HIU) on physical properties of soy protein isolate dispersions (SPI) and their addition to emulsion gels (EG) containing soybean oil (SBO), inulin (IN) and carrageenan (CAR). Sonicated and non‐sonicated SPI dispersions were mixed with CAR, IN and SBO and heated at 90 °C for 30 min to gel the emulsion. An increase in solubility and oil binding capacity was observed in sonicated SPI dispersions (S‐SPI) compared to the non‐sonicated ones. HIU changed the molecular weight of SPI and decreased apparent viscosity in the dispersions. The use of S‐SPI in the EG reduced the droplet size and increased the hardness and G′ values. The use of S‐SPI allowed a reduction of 75% of carrageenan in the EG without affecting the hardness of the gel. The results suggest that HIU can be used to improve rheological properties of functional EG.
A longitudinal, within‐person investigation of the association between the P3 ERP component and externalizing behavior problems in young children
Authors: Petersen Isaac T. , Hoyniak Caroline P. , Bates John E. , Staples Angela D. , Molfese Dennis L.
Published: September 2018

Background

Externalizing problems, including aggression and conduct problems, are thought to involve impaired attentional capacities. Previous research suggests that the P3 event‐related potential (ERP) component is an index of attentional processing, and diminished P3 amplitudes to infrequent stimuli have been shown to be associated with externalizing problems and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the vast majority of this prior work has been cross‐sectional and has not examined young children. The present study is the first investigation of whether within‐individual changes in P3 amplitude predict changes in externalizing problems, providing a stronger test of developmental process.

Method

Participants included a community sample of children (N = 153) followed longitudinally at 30, 36, and 42 months of age. Children completed an oddball task while ERP data were recorded. Parents rated their children's aggression and ADHD symptoms.

Results

Children's within‐individual changes in the P3 amplitude predicted concomitant within‐child changes in their aggression such that smaller P3 amplitudes (relative to a child's own mean) were associated with more aggression symptoms. However, changes in P3 amplitudes were not significantly associated with ADHD symptoms.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that the P3 may play a role in development of aggression, but do not support the notion that the P3 plays a role in development of early ADHD symptoms.
Coexistence of pike Esox lucius and brown trout Salmo trutta in Irish lakes
Authors: McLoone Paul , Shephard Samuel , Delanty Karen , Rocks Kieran , Feeney Rory , Kelly Fiona
Published: September 2018

An environmental study of pike Esox lucius recorded their presence in 522 Irish lakes and that they coexisted with brown trout Salmo trutta in 97 of these. Statistical models, accounting for spatial non‐independence among lakes, suggested that lakes with greater area, maximum depth and stream connectivity show a higher probability of coexistence. Introductions of E. lucius are likely to have negative effects on S. trutta stocks in small isolated lakes, but coexistence may be possible in larger systems.
SIV progenitor evolution toward HIV: A humanized mouse surrogate model for SIVsm adaptation toward HIV‐2
Authors: Schmitt Kimberly , Curlin James , Kumar Dipu Mohan , Remling‐Mulder Leila , Feely Stephanie , Stenglein Mark , O'Connor Shelby , Marx Preston , Akkina Ramesh
Published: September 2018

How SIV progenitors evolved into deadly HIV‐1 and HIV‐2 following initial cross‐species transmission still remains a mystery. Here, we used humanized mice as a human surrogate system to evaluate SIVsm evolution into HIV‐2. Increased viral virulence to human CD4+ T cells and adaptive genetic changes were observed during serial passages.
Nurses’ experiences and reactions towards intimacy and sexuality expressions by nursing home residents: A qualitative study
Authors: Thys Kristof , Mahieu Lieslot , Cavolo Alice , Hensen Carolien , Dierckx de Casterlé Bernadette , Gastmans Chris
Published: September 2018

Objectives

To better understand how nurses experience and react to intimate and sexual expressions of nursing home residents.

Background

Although many nursing home residents continue to desire intimacy and sexual expression, they commonly perceive negative attitudes of nursing staff towards them as a major barrier to their sexual well‐being. To eliminate this barrier, it is crucial to gain a more in‐depth understanding of nurses’ personal experiences and reactions towards intimacy and sexuality in aged care.

Design

Our study used a qualitative design, rooted in grounded theory.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews with 15 nurses between 34 and 59 years of age were conducted. Participating nurses were recruited from seven different nursing homes in Flanders, Belgium. We used the Qualitative Analysis Guide of Leuven (QUAGOL) for data analysis. We followed the COREQ guidelines to ensure rigour in our study.

Results

Nurses experienced and dealt with intimate and sexual expressions of residents in an individual way, which was focused on setting and respecting their own sexual boundaries and those of residents and family members. Depending on their comfort level with residents’ expressions, nurses responded in three ways: active facilitation, tolerance and termination. Nurses’ responses depended on contextual factors, including their personal experiences with sexuality, the nature of their relationship with the residents involved, the presence of dementia and the organisational culture of the facility.

Conclusions

Nurses face a wide range of experiences and emotions when confronted with residents’ expressions of sexuality and intimacy. A supportive approach is needed to guide nurses in dealing with these highly sensitive situations. This approach can be promoted at the institutional level through continuous educational programmes.

Relevance to clinical practice

This study advocates a contextual and interpretative ethical approach to sexuality in older adults, taking as starting point nurses’ own vulnerability and that of residents and relatives.
Radiographers’ experience of risks for patient safety incidents in the radiology department
Authors: Wallin Agneta , Gustafsson Margareta , Anderzen Carlsson Agneta , Lundén Maud
Published: September 2018

Aims and objectives

To describe potential risks for patient safety incidents in the radiology department from a radiographer's perspective.

Background

A radiology department is a high‐tech environment with high communication activity between different healthcare systems in combination with a large patient flow.

Risks for patient safety incidents exist in every phase of a radiological examination. Due to the nature of the activity, a radiology department needs to have its own range of measures to prevent risks linked to radiology.

Design

A qualitative descriptive design.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were carried out with 17 radiographers during the period September 2015 to February 2016. The data were analysed using conventional content analysis. This study followed the COREQ checklist criteria for the reporting of qualitative research.

Results

The analysis yielded 20 different patient safety incidents that could result in the following six types of healthcare‐associated harm: Patients could be exposed to unnecessary radiation; patients could receive an inaccurate diagnosis; patients could incur drug‐induced damage; patients could suffer direct physical injury; or, their examination and treatment could be delayed or not carried out; or, their general health condition could deteriorate.

Conclusion

Lack of communication and knowledge, both internally and externally, can increase risks for patient safety incidents. The study describes a complex chain of activities that represent risks in the radiology department. It needs to be pointed out that it is not always the activities in the radiology department that cause the harm.

Relevance to clinical practice

To carry out preventive patient safety work, a comprehensive analysis of the entire care chain is required. Patient safety work should also focus on improvement in communication both internally, within the radiology department, and externally. Standardised methodological guidelines, consistent prescriptions of method from the radiologist and a good working environment are internal success factors for patient safety at the radiology department.
Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor: An updated analysis of the cases reported in the literature
Authors: Chrcanovic Bruno Ramos , Gomez Ricardo Santiago
Published: September 2018

Purpose

To review the clinical and radiographic features of the available data published on adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) with special emphasis on the comparison of its variants.

Methods

An electronic search was undertaken in July 2018. Eligibility criteria included publications having enough clinical/radiological/histological information to confirm the diagnosis.

Results

A total of 436 publications reporting 1558 cases were included, of which 739 follicular, 247 extrafollicular, and 30 peripheral AOTs. Impacted canine is associated with follicular AOTs in almost 70% of the cases. AOTs were more prevalent in females, in the second decade of life, in maxillae, in anterior region of the jaws, and most are asymptomatic, with a considerable number of lesions presenting cortical bone perforation. Most of the lesions were treated by enucleation. Some cases of recurrence were reported in the literature, but only one was well documented. No difference was found when comparing the clinical/radiological features of the follicular, extrafollicular, and peripheral variants.

Conclusions

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor variants do not show distinctive clinical radiological features. Recurrence of AOT is very rare, which justify its conservative management.
Assessment of Antagonist Enamel Wear and Clinical Performance of Full‐Contour Monolithic Zirconia Crowns: One‐Year Results of a Prospective Study
Authors: Pathan Minaz S. , Kheur Mohit G. , Patankar Anuya H. , Kheur Supriya M.
Published: September 2018

Purpose

To assess the clinical performance and survival of full‐contour monolithic zirconia (MZ) crowns and enamel wear produced over a 1‐year period.

Materials and Methods

60 patients requiring full‐coverage restorations for endodontically treated posterior teeth opposed by healthy unrestored antagonistic teeth were selected. MZ crowns were fabricated. Vinyl polysiloxane impressions of the antagonist teeth were made, and the stone casts were digitized using a 3D laser scanner. Wear of the opposing natural teeth was evaluated at baseline (1 week), 6 months, and 1 year after crown cementation. Superimposition of the follow‐up scans on the baseline scans were performed to evaluate wear. Survival and function of the restorations were evaluated by the modified USPHS rating criteria at the same timeframes.

Results

Comparison of the baseline and the follow‐up wear values was statistically tested using the paired t‐test. Statistical significance was noted between the wear values at 6 months (15.5 μm) and at 12 months (16.3 μm) (p < 0.05). The Wilcoxon signed rank sum test was performed to evaluate each parameter of the modified USPHS criteria and to analyze the change in the follow‐up scores of the restorations. The survival rate for the crowns was 100%. Results were classified as “excellent” over a 1‐year follow up.

Conclusions

MZ crowns showed promising results related to antagonist enamel wear and survival/clinical performance.
HYDROCARBON ACCUMULATION PROCESSES IN THE YANGTAKE FOLDBELT, KUQA FORELAND BASIN, NW CHINA: INSIGHTS FROM INTEGRATED BASIN MODELLING AND FLUID INCLUSION ANALYSES
Authors: Liu Jianliang , Liu Keyu , Jiang Zhenxue , Gui Lili , Li Fulai
Published: September 2018

Abundant gas and condensate resources are present in the Kuqa foreland basin in the northern Tarim Basin, NW China. Most of the hydrocarbons so far discovered are located in foldbelts in the north and centre of the foreland basin, and the Southern Slope region has therefore been less studied. This paper focusses on the Yangtake area in the west of the Southern Slope. Basin modelling was integrated with fluid inclusion analyses to investigate the oil and gas charge history of the area.

ID modelling at two widely spaced wells (DB‐1 and YN‐2) assessed the burial, thermal and hydrocarbon generation histories of Jurassic source rocks in the foreland basin. Results show that the source rocks began to generate hydrocarbons (Ro >0.5%) during the Miocene. In both wells, the source rocks became mature to highly mature between 12 and 1.8 Ma, and most oil and gas was generated at 5.3–1.8 Ma with peak generation at about 3 Ma.

Two types of petroleum fluid inclusions were observed in Cretaceous and lower Paleocene sandstone reservoir rocks at wells YTK‐5 and YTK‐1 in the Yangtake area. The inclusions in general occur along healed microfractures in quartz grains, and have either yellowish or blueish fluorescence colours. Aqueous inclusions coexisting with both types of oil inclusions in Cretaceous sandstones in well YTK‐5 had homogenization temperatures of 96–128 °C and 115–135 °C, respectively.

The integrated results of this study suggest that oil generated by the Middle Jurassic Qiakemake Formation source rocks initially charged sandstone reservoirs in the Yangtake area at about 4 Ma, forming the yellowish‐fluorescing oil inclusions. Gas, which was mainly sourced from Lower Jurassic Yangxia and Middle Jurassic Kezilenuer coaly and mudstone source rocks, initially migrated into the same reservoirs in the Yangtake area at about 3.5 Ma and interacted with the early‐formed oils forming blueish‐fluorescing oil inclusions. The migration of gas also resulted in formation of the condensate accumulations which are present at the YTK‐1 and YTK‐2 fields in the Yangtake area.
Effects of dietary supplemental lysophospholipids and vitamin C on performance, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, thyroid hormones and serum metabolites of broiler chickens reared under thermoneutral and high ambient temperature
Authors: Zangeneh Samira , Torki Mehran , Lotfollahian Houshang , Abdolmohammadi Alireza
Published: September 2018

The effects of dietary supplemental lysophospholipids (LPLs) and vitamin C (VC) on performance, activity of antioxidant enzymes, and thyroid hormones of broiler chickens reared under thermoneutral and high ambient temperatures were evaluated. A total of 1,680 broiler chicks (Cobb 500) in finishing rearing period (days 21–38 of age) were allotted to two groups: thermoneutral (TN) and heat stress (HS). In the TN group, 480 chicks were subjected to four treatments with four replicates (n = 30) and maintained in usual ambient temperature (24 ± 1°C). In HS group, the remaining 1,200 chicks were subjected to four treatments with 10 replicates (n = 30) and exposed to high ambient temperature (34 ± 1°C for 8 hr daily). In both groups, four iso‐caloric and iso‐nitrogenous experimental diets based on a 2 × 2 factorial arrangements including supplemental LPLs (0 or 1,000 mg/kg) and VC (0 or 500 mg/kg) were formulated and used. Supplemental LPLs decreased (p < 0.05) body weight gain and increased FCR in the TN and HS groups. In the TN group, increased (p < 0.05) serum glucose was observed in chickens fed with dietary supplemental VC. In the HS group, decreased (p < 0.05) total protein concentration was detected in birds fed with supplemental LPLs. In both TN and HS groups, decreased (p < 0.05) uric acid concentration was detected in chicks fed with the VC‐supplemented diets. A significant (p < 0.05) interaction between LPLs and VC on lactate concentration in the TN group was observed. In the HS group, decreased breast malondialdehyde concentration was detected in birds fed with the VC‐supplemented diet. In the TN group, increased serum total antioxidant status was detected in birds fed with the LPLs‐supplemented diet. In conclusion, LPLs improved oxidative stability and increased the antioxidant capacity of the serum. In addition, vitamin C modified heat stress and reduced lipid peroxidation.
Hybrid Demand‐Driven and Cyclic Timetabling Considering Rolling Stock Circulation for a Bidirectional Railway Line
Authors: Yin Yonghao , Li Dewei , Bešinović Nikola , Cao Zhichao
Published: September 2018

For dense railway lines, timetables are commonly designed periodically to provide regular services. However, such timetables may lead to many low‐occupancy departures and make it inefficient to a railway company. We combine the features of periodic timetabling with those of demand‐responsive timetabling design for a bidirectional rail transit line considering rolling stock circulation. A mixed‐integer programming model with the objective of minimizing total passenger waiting time and weighted total train travel time is formulated and a three‐phase heuristic algorithm is developed. Five performance indicators, namely, total train travel time, passenger average waiting time, event time deviation, event frequency deviation, and train connection time are introduced to evaluate the performance of the model. A case study on Jinshan railway corridor in Shanghai demonstrates that the proposed demand responsive periodic timetabling model can reduce passengers’ waiting time and keep periodicity in the meantime with short computational time
Organ donation: reducing the risk of health care‐associated infection
Authors: Bleakley Greg , Cole Mark
Published: September 2018

Health care‐associated infection is a real and relative risk within the realm of organ donation. Despite detailed guidance from the Advisory Committee on the Safety of Blood, Tissues and Organs on the microbiological safety of human organs, tissues and cells used in transplantation, the topic has received limited exposure in the literature. This paper will give a context to the Safety of Blood, Tissues and Organs guidance, outline the key recommendations for mandatory/recommended screening and provide a summary of infections that may be present at the time of donation that require careful risk assessment. This does not detract from national guidelines and cannot replace expert advice but will raise awareness and complement safe and effective care delivery.
Built environment and cardio‐metabolic health: systematic review and meta‐analysis of longitudinal studies
Authors: Chandrabose M. , Rachele J. N. , Gunn L. , Kavanagh A. , Owen N. , Turrell G. , Giles‐Corti B. , Sugiyama T.
Published: September 2018

Built environment attributes may be related to cardio‐metabolic diseases (e.g. type 2 diabetes, heart disease and stroke) and their risk factors, potentially by influencing residents' physical activity. However, existing literature reviews on the built environment and health for the most part focus on obesity as the outcome and rely on cross‐sectional studies. This systematic review synthesized current evidence on longitudinal relationships between built environment attributes and cardio‐metabolic health outcomes among adults and on the potential mediating role of physical inactivity. By searching eight databases for peer‐reviewed journal articles published in the English language between January 2000 and July 2016, the review identified 36 articles. A meta‐analysis method, weighted Z‐test, was used to quantify the strength of evidence by incorporating the methodological quality of the studies. We found strong evidence for longitudinal relationships of walkability with obesity, type 2 diabetes and hypertension outcomes in the expected direction. There was strong evidence for the impact of urban sprawl on obesity outcomes. The evidence on potential mediation by physical activity was inconclusive. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to examine which specific built environment attributes influence residents' cardio‐metabolic health outcomes and how physical inactivity may be involved in these relationships.
Three‐dimensional evaluation of the maxillary effects of two orthopaedic protocols for the treatment of Class III malocclusion: A prospective study
Authors: Fischer Brittany , Masucci Caterina , Ruellas Antonio , Cevidanes Lucia , Giuntini Veronica , Nieri Michele , Nardi Cosimo , Franchi Lorenzo , McNamara James A. , Defraia Efisio
Published: September 2018

Structured Abstract

Objectives

To compare the three‐dimensional maxillary dentoskeletal effects of a modified alternate rapid maxillary expansion and constriction facemask protocol (Alt‐RAMEC/FM) with the traditional rapid maxillary expansion facemask protocol (RME/FM) performed in deciduous or early mixed dentition Class III patients.

Setting and sample population

Orthodontic Clinic of the Section of Dentistry of the Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine of the University of Florence. Thirty‐four Class III patients were enrolled and allocated by alternating assignment to either Alt‐RAMEC/FM or RME/FM therapy.

Materials and Methods

Prior to treatment, all patients were evaluated, and a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan was acquired. After completion of the orthopaedic therapy (average interval 1.2 years), a follow‐up CBCT scan was obtained. Anatomic landmark identification on the CBCTs and subsequent quantification of the changes were performed. The primary outcome variable was the anteroposterior displacement of the anterior nasal spine (ANS AP). The treatment groups were compared with independent samples t tests.

Results

The patients in the two treatment groups showed a similar degree of compliance. No statistically significant differences were recorded for any variable when comparing the Alt‐RAMEC/FM and RME/FM groups. In particular, the between‐group difference for ANS AP was 0.0 mm (95%CI: −0.6;0.7, P = 0.933).

Conclusions

Both Alt‐RAMEC/FM and RME/FM produced favourable orthopaedic changes in Class III growing patients. Neither protocol was superior to the other in terms of maxillary protraction effectiveness.
Working with women in Turkey exposed to childhood sexual abuse
Authors: Mert Kader , Aksoy Sena Dilek
Published: September 2018

Objective

Sexual abuse of children is an important public health issue. The aim of this study was to provide a multidimensional examination of women over the age of 18 who were exposed to sexual abuse in childhood and the effect of this abuse on their lives.

Design and Sample

This qualitative study was conducted over the period June 2015–February 2017. Twenty‐three women were gathered by the snowball sampling method.

Measures

We collected the data using a semi‐structured questionnaire and in‐depth interviews. Content analysis was used in the evaluation of the data.

Results

We found five themes that participants considered to result from their sexual abuse: emotional effects, sexuality, marriage, academic, and social aspects.

Conclusion

Sexual abuse adversely affected the physical, psychological, and social lives of individuals. Public health nurses play a role in working with women who were exposed to sexual abuse in childhood.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi change host plant DNA methylation systemically
Authors: Varga S. , Soulsbury C. D.
Published: September 2018

DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mechanism regulating gene expression in plants. DNA methylation has been shown to vary among species and also among plant tissues. However, no study has evaluated whether arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi affect DNA methylation levels in a tissue‐specific manner.

We investigated whether symbiosis with AM fungi affects DNA methylation in the host, focusing on different plant tissues (roots versus leaves) and across time. We carried out a 6‐month pot experiment using Geranium robertianum in symbiosis with the AM fungus Funneliformis mosseae.

Our results show that the pattern of total DNA methylation differed between leaves and roots and was related to when plants were harvested, confirming that DNA methylation is a process that occurs dynamically throughout an organism's lifetime. More importantly, the presence of AM fungus in roots of our experimental plants had a positive effect on total DNA methylation in both tissues.

This study shows that colonisation by AM fungi can affect DNA methylation levels in their hosts and that plant DNA methylation varies in an age‐ and tissue‐specific manner.