bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The 1,450‐nm diode laser reduces sebum production in facial skin: A possible mode of action of its effectiveness for the treatment of acne vulgaris
Authors: Perez‐Maldonado Adrian , Rünger Thomas M. , Krejci‐Papa Niels
Published: February 2007

Background and Objectives

Over the last several years, several light‐based systems have been employed for the treatment of acne vulgaris. The 1,450‐nm diode laser has been shown to improve acne, and this has been suggested to be due to effects on sebaceous glands. However, an effect on sebum production has not been demonstrated. The objective of this study was to evaluate if the 1,450‐nm diode laser indeed reduces sebum production.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

Eight patients with a history of acne were recruited and treated with the 1,450‐nm diode laser on the right side of the nose over a 6‐week period, for a total of three treatments. Sebum production was quantified using the Sebutape method.

Results

The number of sebum‐producing follicles was reduced by 8.5 and 16.7% at weeks 4 and 6, respectively (P<0.05). A significant reduction in total collected sebum (−18%) was observed at week 6.

Conclusion

This data suggests that the clinical effectiveness of the 1,450‐nm diode laser may be based, at least in part, on its effects on sebaceous glands, with subsequent reduction in sebum production. Lasers Surg. Med. 39:189–192, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Study of leukocyte kinetics in acute myelocytic leukemia utilizing chromium‐51
Authors: Rosen Peter J. , Eyre Harmon J. , Lilien David L. , Perry Seymour
Published: February 2007

Leukocyte kinetic studies using chromium‐51 were performed in four patients with acute myelocytic leukemia (AML). Intravascular leukocyte survival was prolonged in comparison with granulocyte survival in normal subjects. Significant splenic pooling occurred in three patients, none of whom had splenomegaly. In one patient studied, circulating leukemic cells were shown to return to the bone marrow. The prolongation of intravascular leukocyte survival in AML in relapse, as in chronic myelocytic leukemia, probably depends on several factors including the presence of immature leukemic cells and the recycling of these cells from the spleen and bone marrow.
Adriamycin: A new effective agent in the therapy of disseminated sarcomas
Authors: Benjamin Robert S. , Wiernik Peter H. , Bachur Nicholas R.
Published: February 2007

Thirty‐six patients with disseminated sarcomas were treated with adriamycin according to an intermittent single high‐dosage schedule based on our prior pharmacologic observations. The dose of 60 mg/M2 IV q 3 weeks was reduced 50‐75% in the presence of liver disease. Complete remission occurred in 9%, partial remission in 32%, and improvement in 21% for median durations of 37, 18, and 15 weeks, respectively. Survival was prolonged in responding patients. Hematologic suppression was mild in the absence of liver disease or prior extensive radiotherapy. Congestive heart failure, a well‐known long‐term complication of therapy with anthracycline drugs, occurred in two out of four patients who had cumulative doses of 600 mg/M2 or more. Mucous membrane toxicity was not observed. Adriamycin is an effective new agent in the therapy of disseminated sarcomas and can be used with relative safety by following pharmacologic principles.
Combination chemotherapy based on a model of cell recruitment by partial synchronization
Authors: Pouillart P. , Weiner R. , Schwarzenberg L. , Misset J. L. , Oldham R. , Amiel J. L. , Mathé G.
Published: February 2007

A noncomparative, phase II clinical trial on chemotherapy of leukemias and solid tumors has been undertaken. It has been attempted: (a) to synchronize cells by a first administration of an M‐dependent agent (vincristine or VM 26) which blocks them during the mitotic phase (M) (this has been verified by the mitotic index), from where they start again to go into the other phases of the cycle, more or less at the same time (this has been verified by the labeling index) and (b) to destroy a greater number of cells by a second administration of cycle‐dependent or phase‐dependent agent(s). Remarkable results have been obtained, the most interesting one being apparently complete remissions or regressions given by the sequence of two agents in patients who during previous trials proved to be resistent to both agents administered separately. The chemotherapy protocols thus composed are administered intermittently, comprising cycles with free intervals, the duration of which depends on the time of the bone marrow and blood restoration. The hematological, immunological, and visceral tolerance is, on the whole, satisfactory.
Management of acute leukemia in adults
Authors: Ellison Rose Ruth
Published: February 2007

The treatment of acute leukemia in adults, while not yet as successful as that in children with regard to either remission rate or prolongation of life, can now regularly result in at least 50% responses in acute myelocytic leukemia and 70‐80% in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Intensive specific chemotherapy and supportive therapy throughout the resultant period of myelo and immuno‐suppression are necessary to achieve these remission rates. Further investigations aimed at both prolonging the remissions so obtained and at improving the response rate further are essential.
Infections in children with acute leukemia
Authors: Freeman Arnold I. , Pantazopoulos Nicholas , Decastro Leticia , Sinks Lucius F.
Published: February 2007

Twenty children with ALL that died in 1959—1960 and 59 children with ALL that died in 1969 — 1970 were analyzed according to the infections at both their terminal illness and their initial presentations. Despite the availability of more effective agents for pseudomonas and staphylococcus, the pattern of infecting organisms at the terminal illness did not change appreciably in this decade. E. coli, pseudomonas, staphylococcus, and candida were the principal organisms involved as a cause of death.

Thirty‐five of these 79 patients were febrile when they initially presented, prior to the institution of chemotherapy. Seven of the 35 patients (20%) had proved infections. It appears that the fever in the majority of patients at their initial presentations was noninfectious in origin.

In 1969–1970, 13 pulmonary aspirates were performed to aid in the etiological diagnosis of diffuse interstitial pneumonia. Only a single case (8%) of pneumonia due to pneumocystis carinii was detected, and it is our suspicion that the majority of these interstitial pneumonias were viral in origin.
Serum vitamin B12‐binding proteins in a case of eosinophilic leukemia
Authors: Coltman Charles A. , Panettiere Frank , Carmel Ralph
Published: February 2007

A patient with subacute eosinophilic leukemia is presented, with full recognition of the controversy surrounding that entity. Serum vitamin B12 and B12 ‐binding protein studies and simultaneous complete blood counts were done before and during 6 months of high‐dose, intermittent combination chemotherapy. The patient presented with extremely high levels of serum vitamin B12, unsaturated B12‐binding capacity, and transcobalamin I, all of which resembled the highest values seen in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Serial studies, during and after remission induction, showed a precipitous fall of serum vitamin B12 and unsaturated B12‐binding capacity to normal levels. The data show that transcobalamin I levels, which eventually reached low‐normal range, correlate best with the level of circulating and bone marrow eosinophils. Transcobalamin II and serum third binder appeared to be normal throughout the patient's course. The B12‐binding protein abnormalities are not considered diagnostic of eosinophilic leukemia.
The influence of chemotherapy on the prognosis of rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Ortega Jorge A. , Rivard Georges E. , Isaacs Hart , Hittle Robert E. , Hays Daniel M. , Pike Malcolm C. , Karon Myron R.
Published: February 2007

A study of 77 consecutive cases of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma treated initially at the Children's Hospital of Los Angeles from 1950 to 1972 demonstrated an impressive improvement in survival of patients when intensive chemotherapy was combined with surgery and radiation therapy. The major improvement in survival occurred in Stage II and Stage III disease. Eight out of 9 patients with a primary lesion of the lower extremities developed intra‐abdominal disease. A general approach for treatment of Stage II, III, and IV rhabdomyosarcoma is proposed which involves intensive chemotherapy, following biopsy, as the principle treatment, with radiation and surgery used as adjuvants.
Usefulness of cytosine arabinoside (NSC‐63878) and prednisone (NSC‐10023) in refractory childhood lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Nesbit Mark E. , Sonley Marilyn , Hammond Denman
Published: February 2007

One hundred forty‐three children with refractory lymphoblastic and undifferentiated leukemia (ALL/AUL) were treated with cytosine arabinoside (Ara‐C) and prednisone (Pred). The dose and duration of Ara‐C was escalated during induction depending on the response seen in the peripheral blood and/or bone marrow. For those achieving a remission, Ara‐C was also used to determine its maintenance capabilities. Of the 143 children, 79 attained a clinical remission, 45 having a complete bone marrow remission and 34 having a partial remission. Maintenance of remission with twice weekly Ara‐C was short and did not appear to depend on the amount of Ara‐C given during induction. The major toxicity of Ara‐C was myelosuppression.
Hodgkin's disease in children
Authors: Shah N. K. , Freeman A. I. , Friedman M. , Stutzman L. , Gaeta J. , Rao A. , Sinks L. F.
Published: February 2007

From 1921 to 1973, 106 children with Hodgkin's disease under the age of 17 years were seen at Roswell Park Memorial Institute and were analyzed retrospectively. Evaluation was separated into three eras: 1921–1949 (early era), 1950–1964 (middle era), and 1965–1973 (recent era). In the early era, suboptimal radiation therapy was employed. In the middle era, radiation therapy techniques were improved, and single‐agent chemotherapy was introduced. In the recent era, multiagent chemotherapy routines were frequently used; aggressive external megavoltage radiation therapy became routine in conjunction with improvement in staging procedures. The best survival was observed in the recent era where five‐year survival of 96% was noted in early stage disease.

Favorable prognostic features included: younger age group (5–9 years), female sex, lymphocytic predominant histology, early stage disease, and complete response to therapy. Nodular sclerosing and mixed cell types had an equal prognosis. The concept of involved area radiotherapy along with combination chemotherapy appears a reasonable approach in children and should be tested in a randomized study against more extensive radiotherapy techniques in early stage disease.
Therapy of infections in neutropenic patients: Results with gentamicin in combination with cephalothin or chloramphenicol
Authors: Valdivieso Manuel , Bodey Gerald P. , Burgess M. Andrew , Rodriguez Victorio
Published: February 2007

Gentamicin in combination with cephalothin (Gent‐Ceph) or with chloramphenicol (Gent‐Chloro) was utilized in the treatment of 55 infections occurring in 49 cancer patients. Responses were obtained in 78% of the infections treated with Gent‐Ceph and in 64% of those treated with Gent‐Chloro. Pneumonia and septicemia were the most common infections in this study. Among the cases of pneumonia, 64% responded to Gent‐Ceph and 67% to Gent‐Chloro. Among the cases of septicemia, 88% responded to Gent‐Ceph and 50% to Gent‐Chloro. All of the identified organisms producing infection were gram‐negative bacilli. Of these, E. coli was the most common. All organisms were resistant to cephalothin in vitro, and only 41% of them were resistant to chloramphenicol. However, resistant organisms responded significantly better to the Gent‐Ceph combination (p < 0.025). Also, response to therapy among patients with severe neutropenia (< 100 neutrophils/mm3) was better for those patients treated with Gent‐Ceph (p = 0.07).

The combination of gentamicin with cephalothin or with chloramphenicol did not increase the frequency of side effects expected from gentamicin alone. No significant hematological toxicity was seen among those patients treated with chloramphenicol. Gentamicin in combination with cephalothin or chloramphenicol is an effective and safe antibiotic combination against gram‐negative bacilli infections occurring in cancer patients. The efficacy of Gent‐Ceph in patients with severe neutropenia is particularly advantageous.
Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in 171 children
Authors: Choi Sun‐I , Simone Joseph V.
Published: February 2007

The initial features, response to therapy, complications, cause of death, and prognostic factors of 171 consecutive children with ANLL are described and compared to historical data for adults with ANLL and for children with ALL. Major differences between children and adults with ANLL include a higher frequency of CNS leukemia and a lower frequency of early deaths in the children. The most important differences between children with ANLL and ALL are the absence of a peak age of incidence in ANLL and the far better response to therapy in ALL. Among features present at 100,000/mm3 or above, and no palpable hepatomegaly had significantly longer survivals, while patients with platelet counts below 10,000/mm3 had significantly shorter survivals. The frequency and duration of remission were significantly better with three protocols used since 1968 than previously. However, even with these protocols, the results were far from satisfactory, with a complete remission frequency of 66%, a median duration of hematological remission of 6 months, and a median duration of survival of 10 months. The striking contrast of these results in childhood ANLL with current results in childhood ALL underscores the need for novel, imaginative therapeutic approaches for ANLL.
Receptors for sheep erythrocytes (E) and erythrocyte‐antibody‐complement complexes (EAC) on the lymphoblasts of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Nakazawa Shinpei , Minowada Jun , Sinks Lucius F.
Published: February 2007

Two cell‐surface markers, rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes (E‐rosette) as a T‐cell marker and rosette formation with bovine erythrocyte‐antibody‐complement complex (EAC‐rosette) as a B‐cell marker were determined on peripheral blood lymphocytes and lymphoblasts from normal and 89 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

In the majority of the patients (12/15 untreated patients and 6/11 patients in relapse), lymphoblasts exhibited neither E‐ nor EAC‐rosette formation. Lymphoblasts from one untreated patient with mediastinal mass displayed E‐(50%) and EAC‐rosette formation (15%). In 3 of 11 patients in relapse, lymphoblasts displayed an increase in EAC‐rosette formation with progressive disease. In the remaining patients with active disease, a small and variable proportion of lymphoblasts expressed E and/or EAC‐rosette formation. In 63 patients in remission, percentages of E‐ and/or EAC‐rosette were similar (p > 0.05) to those of control.

The results indicate a wide heterogeneity with respect to expression of lymphocyte membrane markers in lymphoblasts and in normal lymphocytes in patients with active ALL.
Phase II study of porfiromycin vs mitomycin‐c utilizing acute intermittent schedules
Authors: Baker Laurence H. , Izbick Ronald M. , Vaitkevicius Vainutis K.
Published: February 2007

A randomized prospective study of Mitomycin‐C and its N‐methyl derivative, Porfiromycin, was conducted. Thirty‐two patients with disseminated gastrointestinal cancer or other disseminated abdominal adenocarcinoma were treated with Mitomycin‐C 31 patients received Porfiromycin. Both drugs were given by acute intermittent bolus schedule (Mitomycin‐C, 22.5 mg/M2 or Porfiromycin, 75 mg/M2 every 6–8 weeks as a single bolus i.v. injection). Eleven patients (34%) who received Mitomycin‐C entered into partial remission. In 10 of the 31 patients (32%) receiving Porfiromycin, partial remission occurred. Analysis by tumor type demonstrated that in the Mitomycin‐C‐treated group responses occurred in 4 of 12 patients with colorectal carcinoma, in 4 of 9 with upper GI cancers, and in 3 of 11 with ovarian cancer. Correspondingly in the Porfiromycin group responses occurred in 2 of 12 colorectal carcinoma patients, in 3 of 7 upper GI cancer patients, and in 5 of 12 ovarian cancer patients. Both drugs produced significant myelosuppression; however, Porfiromycin toxicity appeared more cumulative. Further clinical trial of Mitomycin in an acute intermittent bolus schedule appears justified.
Template properties of human dna‐dependent rna polymerase II
Authors: Garcia Hector D. , Tsai Ming‐Jer , Saunders Grady F.
Published: February 2007

DNA‐dependent RNA polymerase II has been purified from lymphocytes of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Form II polymerase and Escherichia coli RNA polymerase have been used to study the transcription of human DNA and chromatin. The hybridization kinetics of the transcripts of DNA and chromatin by the human polymerase are quite different; chromatin transcripts hybridized to DNA at a much slower rate than DNA transcripts, whereas the transcripts of DNA and chromatin by bacterial polymerase have similar hybridization kinetics.
Relevance of dimethylamine to mechanism studies of DIC (DTIC, NSC 45388)
Authors: Saunders Priscilla P. , Chao Lian‐Yu
Published: February 2007

Monolayer cultures of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells take up the photo‐decomposition products of DIC more readily than DIC itself. Dimethylamine, an immediate product of this degradative pathway, can ultimately become associated with the DNA, RNA, and protein of the cells as demonstrated by selective enzymatic degradation of macromolecules and isopycnic centrifugation. The relevance of these observations to mechanism studies of DIC is discussed.
Combination chemotherapy in murine neuroblastoma
Authors: Finklestein J. Z. , Tittle K. , Rubenstein J. , Meshnik R. , Weiner J.
Published: February 2007

The C1300 murine neuroblastoma system has been studied to determine its relevance as a chemotherapy model to the human disease. Studies using combination therapy revealed that BCNU/cyclophosphamide combination therapy increased the median lifespan 300% in A/J mice bearing the C1300 tumor. Cyclophosphamide/imidazole carboxamide and adriamycin/imidazole carboxamide combinations were less active, increasing median lifespans 189% and 144%, respectively. Vincristine/bleomycin were inactive even when the schedule was adjusted to coincide with the time of maximum mitoses following vincristine injections. These results suggest the BCNU/cyclophosphamide combination chemotherapy may be effective in human disease.
Early consolidation chemotherapy for adults with acute leukemia in remission
Authors: Bodey Gerald P. , Rodriguez Victorio , McCredie Kenneth B. , Freireich Emil J.
Published: February 2007

Three courses of intensive consolidation therapy were administered to 13 patients with acute leukemia after they achieved complete remission. The patients were randomly allocated to receive their therapy in or out of a protected environment unit and with or without antibiotic prophylaxis. The results suggest that the protected‐environment—prophylactic‐antibiotic program may have protected the patients from infection, although the numbers in each group are too small for meaningful comparison. However, early consolidation therapy was not beneficial, since the duration of remission and survival of these patients was less than that of a group of comparable patients who received only conventional maintenance therapy.
A study of intermittent alternating drug program reinduction therapy on the frequency and duration of response in adult acute leukemia
Authors: McCredie Kenneth B. , Freireich Emil J. , Bodey Gerald P. , Burgess Michael A. , Whitecar John P. , Smith Terry L.
Published: February 2007

Of 41 adults with a diagnosis of acute leukemia that were randomized for induction therapy in combination with methotrexate, 6‐MP, vincristine and prednisone (POMP) versus a combination of cytosine arabinoside, cytoxan, vincristine and prednisone (COAP), 23 (56%) patients achieved a complete remission. During remission, patients received consolidation therapy with the three courses of remission induction regimen that they had not received initially. They then received daunomycin (three courses) and L‐asparaginase and were then maintained for two years with their induction therapy. The median duration of survival for all patients was 40 weeks; the median duration of survival of those patients that responded to chemotherapy was 80 weeks. There was no significant difference between the two induction regimens with regard to complete remission more than four and one half years from diagnosis and two and one half years from discontinuation of all therapy.
High dose methotrexate therapy of solid tumors: observations relating to clinical toxicity
Authors: Isacoff William H. , Townsend Courtney M. , Eilber Frederick R. , Forster Terry , Morton Donald L. , Block Jerome B.
Published: February 2007

In clinical studies performed during 111 infusions of high dose methotrexate (MTX) we have evolved a clinical and laboratory protocol which permits such therapy without prohibitive risk to the patient. The plasma MTX data obtained indicate that pharmacokinetic disposition is dose related during these infusions and that such data are useful in identifying patients at risk from serious toxicity.
Psychological evaluation and management of pediatric oncology patients in protected environments
Authors: Kellerman Jonathan , Rigler David , Siegel Stuart E. , McCue Kathleen , Pospisil Jill , Uno Roger
Published: February 2007

Specific aspects of psychological investigation and management of pediatric patients with widely disseminated solid tumors treated in semiportable, laminar airflow patient isolators are discussed. Information was obtained prospectively from a psychosocial study coordinated with a medical investigation of the use of protected environments (PE) employing barrier isolation as an adjunct to intensive anticancer therapy. Included are descriptions of the development of psychological criteria for patient eligibility, psychometric evaluation, longitudinal behavioral observation, pre‐entry and predischarge orientation techniques, as well as approaches to the ongoing management of patients and families. No debilitating psychological disturbance has been observed in these patients, and no patients have had to be removed for psychological reasons. Specific transitory psychological changes are noted as are the problems encountered by staff members functioning in such a setting. The adoption of a well‐coordinated psychosocial program of investigation and clinical intervention has proved useful in maximizing patient adjustment to prolonged treatment in protected environments.
Comparison of the clinical course of hodgkin's disease in children and adolescents
Authors: Smith K. L. , Rivera G.
Published: February 2007

In this study the clinical features and response to therapy of 34 children, 4–10 years of age, and 54 adolescents, 11–20 years of age, were compared. The therapeutic response in patients in this series entered on a formal protocol was compared with nonstudy patients. The 2 age groups had similar sex ratios, characterized by male predominance, and age was not a determining factor in the extent of disease at diagnosis. By contrast, the distribution of histopathology varied between children and adolescents: mixed cellularity was most prevalent in the 4–10‐year group (14/34), while nodular sclerosis predominated in the older patients (23/55). Remission induction and duration were not age dependent, but remission duration did differ between study and nonstudy patients. Forty‐five of 57 patients in the former group remain in continuous complete remission compared to 7 of 31 in the latter group. From these results we conclude that the clinical course of Hodgkin's disease is similar in children and adolescents and that the aggressive therapy combined with careful staging used so successfully in adults should be adhered to in younger patients.
Improved prognosis in disseminated histiocytosis
Authors: Smith Peter J. , Ekert Henry , Campbell P. E.
Published: February 2007

The prognosis for children with disseminated histiocytosis, previously considered poor, has improved dramatically with the application of modern principles of chemotherapy. Fourteen children with histiocytosis were staged clinically as follows: those without organ dysfunction, stage I; those with organ dysfunction, stage II; and histologically (B, benign and M, malignant). They were treated with either oral chlorambucil or combination chemotherapy with vinblastine and other agents. Clinical staging was of value in predicting response to treatment and prognosis, while histologic staging was of less value. Thirteen of the 14 children responded to treatment and are alive 4 to 67 months (median 12 months) after diagnosis. Two of these relapsed on treatment, and they have responded to a change in therapy. Two children relapsed after stopping treatment and were reinduced with reintroduction of similar therapy. Initial response to treatment suggests a favourable outcome, for children who initially responded to treatment but relapsed subsequently responded to either reintroduction of the same treatment or a change in treatment.
Sporadic bilateral retinoblastoma and 13q‐chromosomal deletion
Authors: Francke Uta , Kung Faith
Published: February 2007

Unilateral retinoblastoma (Rb) is usually a sporadic occurrence while bilateral (multi‐focal) cases are often familial. Sporadic bilateral Rb associated with a long‐arm deletion of a D‐group chromosome has been reported in 8 children. We have studied a 6‐year‐old female with bilateral sporadic retinoblastoma, treated during infancy by enucleation and radiotherapy. Chromosome banding studies on peripheral lymphocytes revealed an interstitial deletion from the long arm of a chromosome 13: del(13) (q12q14). Three additional patients reported in the literature had interstitial 13q‐ deletions, involving slightly different though overlapping regions. The only chromosomal region consistently missing in all of these 4 cases appears to be part of the lightly staining band 13q14. We, therefore, propose this site as the precise location of a gene (or genes) involved in retinal development.

Our patient lacked features of the classic 13q‐ or 13‐ring syndrome, which involves deletion of a more distal portion of the 13 long arm. When compared to reported patients with Rb and 13q‐, it became apparent that there may be a separate recognizable syndrome consisting of moderate growth and developmental delay, characteristic facies and external ears, and bilateral sporadic Rb, which is associated with an interstitial 13q‐ deletion.
Evaluation of dose and schedule of L‐asparaginase in multidrug therapy of childhood leukemia
Authors: Sutow Wataru W. , George Stephen , Lowman James T. , Starling Kenneth A. , Humphrey G. Bennett , Haggard Mary Ellen , Vietti Teresa J.
Published: February 2007

Six regimens utilizing L‐asparaginase in doses of 6,000 IU/M2, 2,000 IU/M2, and 500 IU/M2 in two separate schedules (consecutive and intermittent) along with vincristine and prednisone yielded remarkably similar response rates, approximating 70%, in 306 previously treated children with acute leukemia in relapse. The addition of daunorubicin to one regimen did not alter the response rate. Hypersensitivity reactions occurred in 5% and hyperglycemia in 7%. Lower doses of L‐asparaginase significantly reduced the hypersensitivity rate but no such pattern was noted for hyperglycemia. A history of prior resistance to prednisone and vincristine significantly reduced the response rate.
Serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) and immunoglobulin levels in breast carcinoma
Authors: Lee Yeu‐Tsu N. , Chandor Stebbins B. , Weiner John M.
Published: February 2007

Serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) and immunoglobulin levels were studied in 50 patients with breast carcinoma before therapy (17 with stage I disease; 18 stage II; 15 stage III or IV), and in 55 patients after primary lesions were surgically removed and gave no evidence of recurrence. The most consistent and statistically significant abnormalities observed on SPE were those of albumin, globulin, and alpha‐2 globulin. Patients who were free of disease during follow‐up examinations had higher albumin and lower globulin and alpha‐2 globulin levels than those with advanced breast cancer (P = 0.003, P = 0.03, and P = 0.001 respectively). There was no difference in concentrations of immunoglobulin G, A, or M among the 5 groups. Routine laboratory tests of hemoglobulin, lymphocyte count, calcium, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine phosphokinase, lactic dehydrogenase, and transaminase also did not differ among the groups, but carcinoembryonic antigen was significantly elevated in patients with stage III and IV disease.
Treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma in children with surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy
Authors: Heyn Ruth , Holland Roxie , Joo Patricia , Johnson Dale , Newton William , Tefft Melvin , Breslow Norman , Hammond Denman
Published: February 2007

From May, 1970 through December, 1972, Children's Cancer Study Group entered 112 patients on an amended treatment program for rhabdomyosarcoma and undifferentiated sarcoma in children. These patients had Group II disease with residual tumor remaining after surgery, or metastatic disease at onset. Another group consisted of patients who previously had treatment with surgery and radiotherapy and had recurrent disease. Cyclophosphamide was added to a previously used drug regimen which consisted of actinomycin D and vincristine. The drugs were given sequentially in repeated cycles for 18 months. Of 97 evaluable patients, there were 24 with microscopic residual disease, 37 with gross residual disease, 22 with metastatic disease at onset, and 14 patients who were treated with chemotherapy for the first time with recurrent or metastatic disease. All patients have been followed for 3 or more years. Survival in each group was 70.8%, 43.2%, 27.2%, and 28.2%, respectively. Although the number of complete remissions was greater than with two‐drug therapy, survival with three‐drug therapy was not significantly different than that seen in the earlier study.
Combination chemotherapy of advanced previously treated Hodgkin's disease with streptozotocin, CCNU, adriamycin and bleomycin
Authors: Levi John A. , Wiernik Peter H. , Diggs Charles H.
Published: February 2007

Seventeen patients with advanced, previously treated Hodgkin's disease received therapy with a combination of streptozotocin 500 mg/m2 /day i.v. days 1–5, CCNU 100 mg/m2 orally day 1, adriamycin 45 mg/m2 i.v. day 1, and bleomycin 15 mg/m2 i.m. days 1 and 8 at 28‐day intervals (SCAB). The overall response rate was 59% with six patients (35%) achieving complete remission and four patients (24%) entering partial remissions. No maintenance therapy was given and the median duration of complete remission was 8+ months (range 2+–18+ months), while the median duration of partial remission was only 2 months (range 2–3 months). The median duration of survival from the start of therapy for the complete responders was 16+ months (range 5+–25+ months) while the median survival for the partial and nonresponders was only 5 months (range 2–13 and 3–11+ months, respectively). Toxicity was a major problem with this drug combination. Myelosuppression occurred regularly and was severe after 25% of courses. There were two death directly related to drug‐induced myelosuppression. Other serious toxicities included bleomy cin‐induced pulmonary toxicity in three patients, with one death; renal tubular dysfunction secondary to streptozotocin in three patients; hepatic dysfunction in three patients and severe weight loss in three patients. SCAB has proven to be an active although toxic combination which is not cross‐resistant to MOPP‐type regimens. Alterations in drug dosages and scheduling are being evaluated in an effort to ameliorate toxicity and preserve efficacy.
Case reports and studies of paraneoplastic hypotension: Abnormal low pressure baroreceptor responses
Authors: Boasberg Peter D. , Henry James P , Rosenbloom Alan A. , Hall Thomas C. , Rose Margaretten , Fisher Delbert A.
Published: February 2007

Intrathoracic stretch receptors regulate adjustments of the vasculature to gravitational changes and influence urinary water and solute excretion. Few reports of pathologic states involving interruption of these regulatory mechanisms have appeared. Two patients with orthostatic hypotension related to advanced intrathoracic carcinoma were studied, utilizing tilt‐table examinations and immersion of the entire body in water to test the function of their intrathoracic baroreceptor reflex arcs. Both patients showed abnormalities of antidiuretic hormone level and sodium excretion as compared with normal controls. This suggests that total immersion is a safe and convenient test of the low‐pressure baroreceptor system in patients with suspected dysfunction. Three patients are also reported whose charts were reviewed posthumously. Although they were not tested in the laboratory, their clinical data suggest that they too had been suffering from an interference with the transmission of impulses from the intrathoracic receptors.
Variable duration of vincristine‐induced metaphase block in leukemic and normal bone marrow cells of children
Authors: Wagner H. P. , Swidzinska Patricia M. , Hirt A.
Published: February 2007

In four children with previously untreated acute leukemia the stathmokinetic effect of a single IV dose of vincristine (in two children with AML), or of a single IV dose of vincristine combined with daily prednisone (in one child with AMMoL and one with ALL), were investigated. The kinetics of bone marrow blast cells from all patients, and of red cell precursors from the patients with ALL, were studies by conventional methods (determinations of mitotic index and pro – + metaphase/ana – + telophase ratios). In two of the four patients (one AML and one AMMoL) the progression of cells through S, the incorporation pattern of tritiated thymidine, and the nuclear projection area changes during S were analyzed by a combination of autoradiographic and cytophotometric techniques.

The results suggest that the doses of vincristine used (0.05 and 0.075 mg/kg body weight) did not influence the progression of cells from G0/G1 into S nor from S into G2, and had no effect on the incorporation pattern of tritiated thymidine or on the nuclear projection area changes during S. The results suggest, however, that the duration of the metaphase block induced by vincristine varied from one cell system to another. Differences in the time course of regeneration processes in neoplastic and normal cell systems might be one of the mechanisms responsible for the antineoplastic effect of vincristine in man.
Intermittent chemotherapy and bcg in continuation therapy of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Ekert Henry , Jose David G. , Waters Keith D. , Smith Peter J. , Matthews Rae N.
Published: February 2007

Continuation therapy using intermittent chemotherapy and BCG inoculation was commenced in 28 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) immediately after remission induction and “CNS prophylaxis.” At a median followup time of 17 months, 71% remain in total remission and 86% in bone marrow remission. Complications of the therapy were minimal. Major infections occurred on two occasions and there were no deaths in remission. Neutropenia, “minor” infections and postponement of chemotherapy occurred most often during the first three courses of treatment. There were no local or systemic BCG infections. Tuberculin sensitivity was tested in 25 patients. It was positive in 17 of 18 patients in total remission and all four patients with only CNS relapse, and was negative prior to relapse in three patients who developed bone marrow disease.
Ethical issues in investigation of screening strategies
Authors: Sutnick Alton I. , Bahn Anita K. , Miller Daniel G. , Ladimer Irving
Published: February 2007

Screening programs can be designed to be useful for data collection to study effectiveness of screening. High‐risk populations may be identified, and screening techniques applied to a randomly selected subgroup with another subgroup serving as controls. This raises the ethical question of not applying helpful surveillance to individuals known to be at high‐risk. Attention should be paid to management of controls, for example, to screen them less frequently, or at least to inform them of their increased risk and advise periodic exams. Against such recommendations is that differences between test and control groups would be minimized and the study less conclusive. Another approach is to use adaptive design, selecting the study group from a large population which is being subject to medical surveillance for some other reason. As in other clinical trails, studies of screening programs must include appropriate surveillance for controls to properly safeguard their rights and medical needs.
Moral Dilemmas in Clinical Cancer Experimentation
Authors: Krant Melvin J. , Cohen Joseph L. , Rosenbaum Charles
Published: February 2007

An examination of certain moral tensions that have developed in clinical cancer experimentation is offered. It is argued that the individual partner must be addressed in his singular unique postion, rather than as a potential for the future good.
Oral anticandidal prophylaxis in patients undergoing chemotherapy for acute leukemia
Authors: Williams C. , Whitehouse J. M. A. , Lister T. A. , Wrigley P. F. M.
Published: February 2007

Fifty‐six untreated patients with acute leukemia (38 acute myelogenous leukemia, 16 acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and 2 blast crisis of chronic granulocytic leukemia) were randomized on admission to one of three groups – one to receive oral anticandidal prophylaxis through the period of remission induction chemotherapy with nystatin, another to receive natamycin, and the third to receive no anticandidal prophylaxis.

Neither of the first two groups show any advantage over the last and it is concluded that provided gut sterilization regimes are not employed, prophylactic oral anticandidal treatment is of no value in these patients and should be reserved until there is clinical evidence of infection.
Chemotherapy of head and neck cancer: Combination treatment with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, methotrexate, and bleomycin
Authors: Wittes Robert E. , Spiro Ronald H. , Shah Jatin , Gerold Frank P. , Koven Bernard , Strong Elliot W.
Published: February 2007

A combination of cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, methotrexate, and bleomycin (CAMB) was explored in patients with advanced, nonresectable epidermoid carcinoma from primary sites in the head and neck, recurrent or persistent after radiation or surgery. Objective regression (greater than 50%) of measurable tumor was present in 35% of the patients. The median duration of response was 2.5 months. Median survival of responders was slightly less than the nonresponders, but the difference was not significant. Drug‐related morbidity was substantial; leukopenia, mucositis, and weight loss were the most frequent major side effects. Three deaths were attributable to the regimen. The results seem comparable to those one might expect from methotrexate alone.
The hemodialysis‐induced reaction in patients with leukemia
Authors: Berman M. A.
Published: February 2007

The white blood cell count response was documented in various patients following transfusions of 500 ml of autologous or unrelated donor blood that had been subjected to 10 minutes of dialysis with 15 minutes of stagnation. Patients studied included 1 patient with acute nonlymphocytic (ANLL) and 2 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The control group consisted of 4 patients with renal failure. The ANLL patient showed a normal two‐phase reaction after administration of donor's blood. It is possible that even under conditions of severe disturbance of hemopoiesis the general dependence on normal humoral regulation remains.

The CLL patients showed a marked drop in circulating WBC in the first descending phase of the hemodialysis‐induced reaction (HDIR). All blood cell types including lymphocytes and blast cells took part in this decrease of blood count; this suggests a cell‐nonspecific effect. It is presumed that leukocytes that leave the circulation do not return into the blood and the procedure may be considered as a form of leukophoresis in vivo, with possible therapeutic value.
Ovarian cancer in children and adolescents: A review of 15 cases
Authors: Jereb B. , Golouh R. , Havliček S.
Published: February 2007

Fifteen patients, admitted between 1961 and 1975, from 8 to 19 years of age, with malignant ovarian tumors were reviewed. The histology was: dysgerminoma in 5, common “epithelial tumor” in 5, immature teratoma in 4, granulosa cell tumor in one. Of the 15 patients, 5 are alive and well, 4 of these had dysgerminoma, 1 had a papillary cystadenocarcinoma. Of 3 patients with dysgerminoma in Stage III, 2 are among the survivors. Dysgerminoma, in contrast with other types of germ cell tumors, may be curable even in advanced stage.
Connubial lymphoproliferative malignancies: A report of nine couples
Authors: Stephens Ronald L. , Larsen William E. , Holmes Fred F. , Clark Gary M.
Published: February 2007

Nine martial partners with lymphoproliferative malignancies are detailed and their cases summarized in Table I. This 30‐year observation represents the largest series of such associations from a single institution. A brief review of similar reported cases is presented.
Clinical evaluation of asaley
Authors: Bodey Gerald P. , Gottlieb Jeffrey A. , Burgess M. Andrew , Alexanian Raymond
Published: February 2007

Asaley is an L‐leucine derivative of sarcolysin which is more active against some rodent tumors. Studies in the USSR demonstrated activity in patients with ovarian and breast carcinoma, Hodgkin's disease, and multiple myeloma. This study in 73 evaluable patients indicated that an appropriate oral dose for patients with adequate bone marrow is 800 mg/M2/day × 4 days at 5–6 week intervals. The most common toxicities were myelosuppression, nausea, and vomiting. Antitumor activity was observed in 2 of 24 evaluable patients with melanoma, and stabilization of previously progressive disease was observed in patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, breast carcinoma, and thyroid carcinoma. Responses were minimal and of short duration but most of the patients had received extensive prior therapy.
Optimal use of L‐asparaginase (NSC‐109229) in acute lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Jones Barbara , Holland James F. , Glidewell Oliver , Jacquillat Claude , Weil Marise , Pochedly Carl , Sinks Lucius , Chevalier Louise , Maurer Harold M. , Koch Kjell , Falkson Geoffrey , Patterson Richard , Seligman Barbara , Sartorius Jurg , Kung Faith , Haurani Farid , Stuart Marie , Burgert E. Omer , Ruymann Frederick , Sawitsky Arthur , Forman Edwin , Pluess Hansjuerg , Truman John , Hakami Nasrollah
Published: February 2007

Between 1971 and 1974, 646 evaluable patients under 20 years of age with previously untreated acute lymphocytic leukemia were treated according to Cancer and Leukemia Group B (formerly Acute Leukemia Group B) Protocol 7111. On a random basis, they received a 10‐day course of 1,000 units/kg/day of L‐asparaginase before, during, or after a 3‐week course of vincristine and corticosteroid. A control group received vincristine and corticosteroid for 4 weeks but no asparaginase. The overall complete remission rate was 85%, which was not altered significantly by any of the induction variables. Patients who received asparaginase for 10 days subsequent to vincristine and corticosteroid had a significantly longer complete remission duration with an estimated median of 45 months, compared to 20 months for the group receiving no asparaginase and 27 months for the other 2 asparaginase regimens. The beneficial effect of asparaginase was noted, irrespective of which 1 of the 2 intensification and maintenance programs the patients received. The 5‐year projection indicates a complete remission rate of 50% for those patients receiving subsequent asparaginase as compared to 41% of those induced on other regimens in this study and thus is superior to the use of only vincristine and corticosteroid.
Optic neuroretinitis in association with BCNU and procarbazine therapy
Authors: Mc. Lennan R. , Taylor H. R.
Published: February 2007

A 53‐year‐old man with multiple myeloma and plasma cell leukemia developed severe, acute bilateral optic neuroretinitis 8 days after chemotherapy with BCNU, procarbazine, cyclophosphamide, and prednisolone. He showed some return of function over the following 6 weeks before his death. Both BCNU and procarbazine are known to cross the blood‐brain barrier. Procarbazine is known to interfere with neurological function. BCNU has been reported to transiently interfere with vision and, although this patient had highly morbid disease, the onset of optic neuroretinitis 8 days after combination therapy with these 2 drugs raises the possibility that one or both in combination may have been the cause of the optic neuropathy.
Repeated use of L‐asparaginase in multi‐drug therapy of childhood leukemia
Authors: Trueworthy Robert C. , Sutow Wataru W. , Pullen Jeanette , Komp Diane , Berry D. H.
Published: February 2007

The capacity of l‐asparaginase in two separate schedules (consecutive and intermittent), along with vincristine and prednisone to produce multiple responses, was evaluated in previously treated children with acute leukemia in relapse. The response rates varied inversely with previous l‐asparaginase exposure. A history of prior resistance to prednisone and vincristine appeared to reduce the response rate. Hypersensitivity reactions occurred in 14%.
Chemotherapeutic response in metastatic medulloblastoma: Report of two cases and a review of the literature
Authors: Nathanson Larry , Kovacs Szaboles Gabor
Published: February 2007

Metastatic medulloblastoma is a rare clinical phenomenon. Review of the literature and the authors' experience reveals that when it occurs, palliation may be achieved with a variety of single and combination chemotherapy programs. Two objective responses with vincristine‐actinomycin‐D‐cyclophosphamide (VAC) and one each with adriamycin and methyl‐CCNU are described.
Positive monospot tests preceding the diagnosis of acute monocytic leukemia in two adolescents
Authors: Miale Thomas D. , Barbosa Jerry L. , Dellinger Charles T. , Wolfson Sorrell L.
Published: February 2007

The early detection and treatment of two cases of acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL) was hampered by the presence of positive slide tests for infectious mononucleosis (IM). This assumes great importance with the recent development of specific therapy, effective for certain subtypes of nonlymphocytic leukemia.
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis in cancer patients: Comparison of characteristics of patients with and without concomitant disseminated intravascular coagulation
Authors: Bedikian Agop , Valdivieso Manuel , Luna Mario , Bodey Gerald P.
Published: February 2007

Thirty‐one cases with malignant neoplasm and nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) were studied. A threefold increase in the incidence of NBTE over the five‐year period ending in 1976 was noticed. Seventy‐one percent of patients with NBTE had concomitant disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Adenocarcinomas of the lung or ovary were the most common tumors (48%), followed by hematologic malignancies (25%). Five patients had acute leukemia, two of whom had received bone marrow transplantation. Sudden changes in the status of cardiovascular and central nervous sytems were the most common manifestations of NBTE and its complications. The possible predisposing factors included disseminated malignant neoplasms and infection with gram‐negative bacilli. Identification of high‐risk patients and early administration of preventive measures including anticoagulation might decrease the morbidity and mortality related to NBTE.