bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTASI PEMBERIAN HIBAH PEMERINTAH INDONESIA KEPADA PEMERINTAH/LEMBAGA ASING SEBAGAI STIMULUS SOFT DIPLOMACY
Authors: Kurniadi Taraf
Published: November 2020

Politik luar negeri Indonesia yang bebas aktif memerlukan keluwesan dan kelincahan diplomasi di dunia internasional. Dewasa ini, munculnya soft power sebagai alternatif hard power membawa implikasi pada pelaksanaan diplomasi. Soft diplomacy merupakan pendekatan diplomasi melalui aspek ekonomi, sosial, budaya bahkan charitable affair untuk mencapai tujuan nasional negara.  Melalui studi literatur dan kebijakan/regulasi, salah satu  stimulus soft diplomacy Indonesia adalah dengan memberikan hibah (grant) untuk tujuan kemanusiaan maupun non kemanusiaan kepada pemerintah/lembaga asing  seperti yang dilakukan tahun 2014-2018. Sepanjang ada pledge Presiden/direktifnya, kementerian/ lembaga bertanggung jawab atas kegiatan, hibah kepada pemerintah/ lembaga asing  dapat diberikan. KPA bertanggung jawab hanya atas transfer hibah dari Kas Negara ke rekening penerima. Ada alasan tertentu, hibah  diberikan untuk komunitas dan diaspora Indonesia misalnya hibah untuk IMAAM Center, Maryland, IMCQ Queensland dan asrama mahasiswa di Al Azhar. Perbaikan perlu dilakukan atas mekanisme penganggaran yang memakan waktu dari pengusulannya dan kegagalan transfer belanja hibah karena persyaratan pencairan yang tidak dipenuhi.

 

 

Indonesia's foreign policy, which is independent and active, requires flexibility and agility in international diplomacy. Nowadays, the emergence of soft power as an alternative to hard power has implications for diplomacy implementation. The soft diplomacy is a diplomatic approach through economic, social, cultural and even charitable aspects to achieve our national goals. Through the literature and policy/regulation studies, one of Indonesia's soft diplomacy stimulus is to provide grants for humanitarian and non-humanitarian which are intended for foreign governments/institutions  such as those conducted in 2014-2018.. As long as there is a pledge by the President or his directive and the ministry/agency to be responsible for the related activities, a grant to the foreign government/institution can be given. KPA is only responsible for the transfer of grants from the State Treasury to the grantee's account. For any particular reason, grants are given to Indonesian communities and diaspora, for example, grants for IMAAM Center, Maryland, IMCQ Queensland and student dormitories at Al Azhar. The budgeting mechanism is needed to be improved to avoid any failure of transfer grant because of the time-consuming process and unsufficient requirements in the existing mechanism.
ANALISIS PERANAN PETUGAS ADMINISTRASI PENYIDIKAN DALAM PENYIDIKAN TINDAK PIDANA KEPABEANAN DAN CUKAI
Authors: Fasini Arfin Bin Ibrahim , Safari Agung Tri
Published: November 2020

Administrasi penyidikan merupakan salah satu bentuk kegiatan dalam rangka proses penyidikan yang dilakukan oleh PPNS Bea dan Cukai. Administrasi penyidikan merupakan kunci utama keberhasilan penyidikan tindak pidana kepabeanan dan cukai. Administrasi penyidikan yang kurang baik akan berkonsekuensi terhadap kualitas penegakan hukum, baik pada tingkat penyidikan, penuntutan, maupun peradilan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengkaji peranan administrasi penyidikan tindak pidana kepabeanan dan cukai. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis normatif. Analisis data menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa administrasi penyidikan memegang peranan penting dalam proses penanganan dan penyidikan tindak pidana kepabeanan dan cukai. Petugas administrasi penyidikan berperan menggantikan tugas PPNS DJBC, antara lain pencacahan barang hasil penindakan, menyerahkan tersangka dan barang bukti kepada JPU, menerbitkan DPO, dan berkoordinasi dengan Kepolisian, Kejaksaan, Pengadilan, Lembaga Pemasyarakatan, dan PPATK. Hingga saat ini belum ada peraturan perundang-undangan yang secara khusus mengatur tentang petugas administrasi penyidikan, sehingga terjadi kekosongan hukum.
Sob o signo da degeneração: os “loucos-tísicos”
Authors: Bertolli Filho Claudio
Published: November 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo focar primeiramente a trajetória de vida e a morte de um homem negro, criminoso e acometido pela doença mental e pela tuberculose para, em seguida, discutir o encaminhamento oficial que era imposto a esse tipo de infrator no contexto da cidade de São Paulo nas primeiras décadas do século XX. Para tanto, recorreu-se às fontes documentais produzidas pelas ciências médicas sobre os personagens classificados por ela como sendo “tipos degenerados”.
Produção acadêmica sobre masculinidades nos anais do congresso brasileiro/internacional de ciências do esporte
Authors: Portilho João Gabriel Marques , Brito Leandro Teofilo de , Santos Ana Paula da Silva
Published: November 2020

Este estudo busca mapear e problematizar a produção acadêmica relativa aos estudos sobre homens e masculinidades no campo da Educação Física, por meio de um levantamento bibliográfico nos anais do Congresso Brasileiro/Internacional de Ciências do Esporte, para discutir significações da masculinidade presentes nos trabalhos publicados nos encontros nacionais dos últimos quinze anos. Entre os resultados, os trabalhos trouxeram a prevalência nas práticas corporais e esportivas de uma masculinidade hegemônica ou de outras expressões que denotavam uma dominação do masculino segregadora, visibilizando bem pouco os processos de resistência de masculinidades outras nestes espaços, o que vemos como uma lacuna a ser preenchida pelos futuros trabalhos. Finalizamos o trabalho apontando caminhos teóricos e empíricos, que podem ser potentes e produtivos para as futuras pesquisas dos estudos sobre homens e masculinidades na área da Educação Física.
Corpo “educado”: atuação pedagógica de professores de Educação Física em academias de ginástica
Authors: Silva Alan Camargo , Ferreira Jaqueline
Published: November 2020

Os profissionais de saúde pautam-se em saberes técnico-científicos atrelados à racionalidade biomédica para exercer sua atuação como educadores e interventores. Nos estabelecimentos de práticas corporais, especialmente nos espaços fitness, sabe-se que há uma educação biologizante do corpo por parte daqueles que ministram as aulas e atividades do treinamento. Nesse ensaio, objetiva-se, portanto, analisar e problematizar como professores de Educação Física enquanto profissionais de saúde educam o corpo nas academias de ginástica. Esse artigo analisa em que medida a intervenção em saúde desses professores através dos exercícios físicos das academias leva em consideração questões sociais ou fatores exclusivamente biológicos de seus frequentadores.
Calcium physiology, metabolism and supplementation: a glance at patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Talotta Rossella , Rucci Francesco , Scaglione Francesco
Published: November 2020

The aim of this review is to describe the metabolism of calcium in ankylosing spondylitis compared to physiologic conditions, and to present the current evidence on the benefits and disadvantages of calcium supplementation in these patients. A narrative review of the literature was conducted using the PubMed database and a total of 65 articles were selected. Calcium is involved in many physiopatholo­gical processes, including inflammation, bone loss and bone formation, all of which occur in ankylosing spondylitis. Many ankylosing spondylitis patients suffer from concomitant osteopenia or osteoporosis, which represent indications for calcium supplementation. Conversely, there are still concerns about the use of calcium salts for the prevention of bone fragility in non-osteoporotic or non-osteopenic patients.

In these cases, biologic agents may indirectly normalize calcium dysmetabolism by rebalancing the cyto­kine milieu, in turn associated with bone remodeling. Calcium supplements may be disadvantageous for entheseal calcifications, but so far there are no clear data confirming that such an association exists.
Risk factors for urinary stone
Authors: Oh Kyung-Jin
Published: November 2020

Urolithiasis is one of the most common urologic diseases in Korea. The annual incidence of urolithiasis in Korea has increased over time. Understanding the epidemiology and risk factors for urolithiasis is essential for patient care and prevention. The purpose of this review was to summarize the recent literature regarding the risk factors for urolithiasis. The available Korean-population-based trials were enrolled in this study. The peak incidence age was the fifth to sixth decades in Korea. There has been a persistent male predominance in the prevalence and incidence of stone disease. The gender gap has continuously narrowed over the world. Climate and seasonal variations, such as temperature and humidity, have a profound effect on the development of urolithiasis. Various dietary factors, including calcium, sodium, animal protein, and oxalate, play an important role in the development of urolithiasis. Dehydration is a wellknown risk factor for stone disease. Many metabolic diseases can affect urolithiasis, including obesity, hypertension, diabetes, gout, and metabolic syndrome. The fast-moving super-aged society and global warming can increase stone disease burden in the near future. To prevent and reduce stone diseases, clinicians should understand the risk factors affecting stone formation.
Prevention and management of urinary stone
Authors: Jung Hae Do , Lee Joo Yong
Published: November 2020

The prevalence of urolithiasis is increasing not only in South Korea but also around the world. Urolithiasis has a high recurrence rate, therefore, reducing it is very important in the quality of life for stone formers. For this purpose, dietary modifications and drug therapy can be performed through stone analysis and 24-hour urine collection. Stone analysis is recommended for all stone formers, and the 24-hour urine collection is usually recommended for recurrent stone formers or high-risk groups. A general dietary modification for all stone formers includes a sufficient fluid intake, low levels of sodium, sugar, and animal protein, a normal calcium diet, as well as a high amount of citrate intake. Drug therapy should be performed in cases such as the recurrence of stones or increase of the existing ones, even after the application of preservation therapy, such as dietary modification. The ideal drug therapy should prevent the occurrence of urolithiasis, have no side effects, and have a suitable patientsʼ compliance. Follow-up should be performed periodically, through 24-hour urine collections and imaging studies. For follow-up imaging studies, a lowdose non-enhanced computed tomography is recommended, and it can be performed once a year if the patient is in a stable state. To control various and complex metabolic abnormalities in recurrent stone formers, multiple approaches may be required through diet modifications, drug therapy, treatment of the metabolic syndrome, and lifestyle modifications.
Management of antithrombotic agents for gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: Lim Hyun
Published: November 2020

Antithrombotic agents, including antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants, are increasingly used in South Korea. Antithrombotic agents reduce the risk of thromboembolism; however, they increase the risk of bleeding. The management of patients on antithrombotic agents, who are also undergoing endoscopic procedures, has become a common and significant clinical challenge. Decisions regarding the management of antithrombotic agents prior to endoscopic procedures should be made with a comprehensive consideration of the risk of thromboembolism related to the discontinuation of antithrombotic agents, along with the risk of bleeding associated with the endoscopic procedures. Four major endoscopy organizations (American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Asian Pacific Association of Gastroenterology/Asian Pacific Society for Digestive Endoscopy, British Society of Gastroenterology/European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, and Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society) have put-forth clinical practice guidelines to assist gastroenterologists in making decisions regarding the appropriate choice of treatments pertaining to the use of antithrombotic agents before and after endoscopic procedures. This review aimed to analyze the current clinical practice guidelines and provide general recommendations on the management of antithrombotic agents in patients undergoing elective gastrointestinal endoscopy.
UAS LIDAR MAPPING OF AN ARCTIC TUNDRA WATERSHED: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: Collins A. D. , Andresen C. G. , Charsley-Groffman L. M. , Cochran T. , Dann J. , Lathrop E. , Riemersma G. J. , Swanson E. M. , Tapadinhas A. , Wilson C. J.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Uncrewed aircraft systems (UAS) are increasingly used across disciplines in academic research. We deployed a heavy-lift UAS (<25 kg) for research in the Arctic tundra, a remote and complex landscape. Conducting UAS work in this location required adapting our standard field approach to include both the unique challenges of working in these locations with those specific to UAS work. We collected metadata on each field campaign and analyzed our expended efforts and the contributors to our successes and failures. We formulated a set of best practices to address each challenge in a systematic way, addressing each with the underlying goals of maximizing system and team resilience, operational efficiency, and safety. By adopting a structured set of best practices tenets into our UAS work in the Arctic, we achieved greater project success and we recommend integrating such methods into similar projects of high importance or consequence, especially for UAS LiDAR work in the Arctic.
CNN-BASED PLACE RECOGNITION TECHNIQUE FOR LIDAR SLAM
Authors: Yang Y. , Song S. , Toth C.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Place recognition or loop closure is a technique to recognize landmarks and/or scenes visited by a mobile sensing platform previously in an area. The technique is a key function for robustly practicing Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) in any environment, including the global positioning system (GPS) denied environment by enabling to perform the global optimization to compensate the drift of dead-reckoning navigation systems. Place recognition in 3D point clouds is a challenging task which is traditionally handled with the aid of other sensors, such as camera and GPS. Unfortunately, visual place recognition techniques may be impacted by changes in illumination and texture, and GPS may perform poorly in urban areas. To mitigate this problem, state-of-art Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)-based 3D descriptors may be directly applied to 3D point clouds. In this work, we investigated the performance of different classification strategies utilizing a cutting-edge CNN-based 3D global descriptor (PointNetVLAD) for place recognition task on the Oxford RobotCar dataset.
THE CASE FOR LOW-COST, PERSONALIZED VISUALIZATION FOR ENHANCING NATURAL HAZARD PREPAREDNESS
Authors: Gmelch P. , Lejano R. , O’Keeffe E. , Laefer D. F. , Drell C. , Bertolotto M. , Ofterdinger U. , McKinley J.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Each year, lives are needlessly lost to floods due to residents failing to heed evacuation advisories. Risk communication research suggests that flood warnings need to be more vivid, contextualized, and visualizable, in order to engage the message recipient. This paper makes the case for the development of a low-cost augmented reality tool that enables individuals to visualize, at close range and in three-dimension, their homes, schools, and places of work and worship subjected to flooding (modeled upon a series of federally expected flood hazard levels). This paper also introduces initial tool development in this area and the related data input stream.
SPATIAL DIFFERENCES IN FRESH VEGETABLE SPENDING: A CASE STUDY IN GUILFORD COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Authors: Miao H. , Hashemi-Beni L. , Mulrooney T. , Kurkalova L. A. , Liang C. L. , Jha M. , Monty G.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. This paper investigates the spatial differences in fresh vegetable spending in Guilford County, North Carolina. We create a geo-coded spatial-temporal database for both human factors and natural factors to understand why food deserts have become a serious issue in a county with many farming activities. We find that residents living in food deserts do not buy enough fresh vegetables compared with their counterparts, even when they are shopping at full-service grocery stores. Social-economic factors are most sensitive and are important determinants of fresh food demand. Using an agent-based toy model, we find that fresh vegetable demand in each census tract in Guilford County varies to a large extent. The results suggest that the formation of food deserts may root from the demand side.
QUANTIFYING UNCERTAINTY IN CLASSIFIED POINT CLOUD DATA FOR GEOSPATIAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: Sen S. , Turel N.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Classified Point Cloud data are increasingly the form of geospatial data that are used in engineering applications, smart digital twins and geospatial data infrastructure around the globe. Characterized by high positional accuracy such dense 3D datasets are often rated very highly for accuracy and reliability. However such data pose important challenges in semantic segmentation, especially in the context of Machine Learning(ML) techniques and the training data employed to provide classification codes to every point in massive point cloud datasets. These challenges are particularly significant since ML based processing of data is almost unavoidable due to the massive nature of the data that. We review different sources of uncertainty introduced by ML based classification and segmentation and outline concepts of uncertainty that is inherent in such automatically processed data. We also provide a theoretical framework for quantification of such uncertainty and argue that the standards of accuracy of such data should account for errors and omissions during auto segmentation and classification in addition to positional accuracy measures. Interestingly, the ability to quantify accuracies of ML based automation for processing such data is limited by the volume and velocity of such data.
STUDY OF ACTIVE FARMLAND USE TO SUPPORT AGENT-BASED MODELING OF FOOD DESERTS
Authors: Dhamankar S. S. , Hashemi-Beni L. , Kurkalova L. A. , Liang C. L. , Mulrooney T. , Jha M. , Monty G. , Miao H.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Food desert (FD) is the area that has limited access to affordable and nutritious foods such as fresh fruits, vegetables, and other healthful whole foods. FDs are important socio-economic problems in North Carolina (NC), potentially contributing to obesity in low-income areas. If farmland is available, local vegetable production could potentially help alleviate FDs. However, little is known about land use and land-use transitions (LUTs) in the vicinity of FDs. To fill this knowledge gap, we study the farmland use in three NC counties, Bladen, Guilford and, Rutherford, located in Coastal, Piedmont, and, Mountain regions of the state, respectively. The analysis combines the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) 2015 FD/NFD delineation of census tracts, and geospatial soil productivity and 2008–2019 land cover data. The understanding of farmland use is expected to contribute to the development of LUT components of FD Agent-Based Models (ABM).
Modelling the evolution of Djankuat Glacier, North Caucasus, from 1752 until 2100 CE
Authors: Verhaegen Yoni , Huybrechts Philippe , Rybak Oleg , Popovnin Victor V.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. We use a numerical flow line model to simulate the
behaviour of the Djankuat Glacier, a World Glacier Monitoring Service reference glacier situated in the
North Caucasus (Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria, Russian Federation), in
response to past, present and future climate conditions (1752–2100 CE).
The model consists of a coupled ice flow–mass balance model that also
takes into account the evolution of a supraglacial debris cover. After
simulation of the past retreat by applying a dynamic calibration procedure,
the model was forced with data for the future period under different
scenarios regarding temperature, precipitation and debris input. The main
results show that the glacier length and surface area have decreased by ca.
1.4 km (ca. −29.5 %) and ca. 1.6 km2 (−35.2 %)
respectively between the initial state in 1752 CE and present-day
conditions. Some minor stabilization and/or readvancements of the glacier
have occurred, but the general trend shows an almost continuous retreat
since the 1850s. Future projections using CMIP5 temperature and
precipitation data exhibit a further decline of the glacier. Under constant
present-day climate conditions, its length and surface area will further
shrink by ca. 30 % by 2100 CE. However, even under the most extreme RCP 8.5 scenario, the glacier will not have disappeared completely by the end of the modelling period. The presence of an increasingly widespread
supraglacial debris cover is shown to significantly delay glacier retreat,
depending on the interaction between the prevailing climatic conditions, the
debris input location, the debris mass flux magnitude and the time of
release of debris sources from the surrounding topography.
Mogadiscio's Unenlightened Pilgrim: Farah's “Links,” Dante's “Inferno,” and the Somali Civil War
Authors: Tyndall Christopher R.
Published: November 2020

This article explores the narrative strategies employed in Nuruddin Farah's novel, Links, for representing the aftermath of civil conflict in Somalia. Specifically, it examines the novel's many self-conscious references to its own narrative discourse in creating the story of Jeebleh and his return to Mogadiscio. Three specific examples of this dialectic between story and discourse are considered. First, with reference to John Freccero's notion of “infernal irony,” the intertextual references to Dante's Inferno are shown to affect our understanding of Jeebleh's journey and the environment he moves in. Second, the narrator's use of Somali language elements is explored. Several examples are considered, including the narrator's use of proverbs, folktales, and Somali nicknames. Rather than reflecting the novel's imagined cultural environment, these elements are shown to reflect back on the narrator's efforts at creating a story. Finally, the resolution of the story's central conflict is evaluated in terms of the destabilizing effect of the novel's self-referential narrative. It is shown that, ultimately, the signs and symbols of the novel's “hellish” environment do not offer meanings that transcend the limits of the environment itself. In other words, the novel can show us the civil conflict as a sort of hell, but it can offer no pathway out.
Cartesian Shades: Gide's Les Caves du Vatican and Nabokov's Pale Fire
Authors: Boulanger Alison
Published: November 2020

The novels of André Gide and Vladimir Nabokov consistently represent the world as a subjective (and sometimes solipsist) experience, relayed by imperfect senses and biased readings. Because perception cannot be separated from interpretation, the characters (and, implicitly, the readers) of these novels are either highly aware, or tragically unaware, of living not so much in the world as in their own representations of it. This would appear to sustain theories of literature as self-referential and self-contained. And yet, while Gide and Nabokov are clearly skeptical about the possibility of knowing the world as such, they do not simply retreat into a sphere of pure autonomous representation. However elusive physical reality may prove, they do not abandon what might be termed metaphysical enquiry. In their novels, especially in Gide's Les Caves du Vatican (The Vatican Cellars) and Nabokov's Pale Fire, this enquiry is bolstered by many allusions to Renaissance thinkers, painters, and playwrights who also highlight the uncertainty of knowledge, the elusiveness of reality and the artifice of representation. Such allusions, while they discourage characters and readers are alike from thinking that they might attain anything like truth, nonetheless encourage them to scrutinize their beliefs and actions in accordance with some form of philosophical, more specifically ethical, tenet.
Building a Case for Complexity Theory in the Construction of Art Education Curricula
Authors: Jebe Emma K. , Hetrick Laura J.
Published: November 2020

In building a case for grounding art education curricula in complexity theory as one approach to more meaningful art making, this paper is presented as a freestanding literature review. This review is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive, but is representative of the literature researched. The main purpose of this paper is to provide new perspectives on complexity theory in education, specifically in art education. In the paper, we discuss complexity theory and how it emerged as a theory for understanding soft sciences. Then we explicate the characteristics of self-organization, bottom-up emergence, decentralized network, short-range relationships, nested organization, and being recursive, non-linear, structurally determined, and far-from-equilibrium, which we posit as most conducive to improved curriculum construction. As a means of situating our paper, we end by illustrating how complexity theory has been addressed sparingly in art education to date.
Art/Race/Violence: A Collaborative Response
Authors: Stokes-Casey Jody
Published: November 2020

Art/Race/Violence: A Collaborative Response was an exhibition that marked the centennial anniversary of the lynching of Ell Persons in Memphis, Tennessee. To recognize that history and confront racism and violence, co-curators and participants enacted the roles of artists, researchers, and teachers collaboratively creating a work of socially engaged art. As a case study, this paper historically documents the exhibition and engages in critical theory to understand its effects on developing consciousness of those involved. By analyzing the exhibition design, collaborative artwork, and participant responses, three key findings emerge: education is foundational to developing consciousness; collaboration can raise and complicate developing consciousness; and developing consciousness encourages sharing.
Understanding the Relationship Between Research and Practice: A National Survey of Visual Art Educators
Authors: Pfeiler-Wunder Amy , Sutters Justin , Buffington Melanie , Rao Shyla , Rice Lorinda
Published: November 2020

What influences K–12 educators to change practice? How does research inform these changes? What can the field of visual art education glean about research from a K–12 perspective? This paper describes the findings of the survey completed by members of the National Art Education Association (NAEA) conducted in 2015. Following the survey, we focused on how the 440 K–12 visual art educators in the study understand, use, and conduct research. Using a grounded theory approach, we interpreted the responses to the question: “What changes have you made to your professional practice on the basis of your research or the results of others?” Change is defined by how educators enrich and expand their practice using research. For this study, we defined research broadly, from reading scholarly literature in the field, conducting research studies in their educational settings, or how professional learning experiences/degrees enrich or strengthen their practice. Findings from this survey suggest that K–12 visual art teachers use research to change their professional practice in the areas of curriculum, pedagogy, student-centered approaches, and assessment. As authors, we suggest providing professional learning around research in the field of art education and the value of collaboration between K–12 educators and those working in pre-service/graduate art education programs.
Portrait of a Methodology: Portraiture as Critical Arts-Based Research
Authors: Travis Sarah
Published: November 2020

In this invited paper for the 2019 Elliot Eisner Doctoral Research Award in Art Education from the National Art Education Association, Sarah Travis draws upon her dissertation, Portraits of Young Artists: Artworlds, In/Equity, and Dis/Identification in Post-Katrina New Orleans, to offer a critical arts-based interpretation of portraiture methodology. Portraiture methodology is a form of qualitative inquiry developed by Sara Lawrence-Lightfoot and Jessica Hoffmann Davis. With examples from her dissertation research into artist identity formation in teens, Travis delineates connections between portraiture methodology, critical race theory, and arts-based research through the five central lenses of portraiture: context, voice, relationship, emergent themes, and the aesthetic whole.
Priorities for research requirements related to the design of seismic resistant highway bridges
Authors: Jennings D. N.
Published: November 2020

In the September 1982 Bulletin the Research Recommendations developed at the December 1981 Wairakei Workshop on the Design of Seismic Resistant Highway Bridges were presented. At the time of publication the assessment of research priorities as found from the Applied Technology Council (ATC) postal survey of the Workshop participants was not available and these are now presented.
Til fjells med spade og graveskje. Et tilbakeblikk på de første vassdragsundersøkelsene og andre undersøkelser i sørnorske fjellstrøk
Authors: Martens Irmelin
Published: November 2020

The author took part in the first comprehensive investigations along the watercourses in the South Norwegian mountain areas from 1958 and onwards. She looks back on the many previously unknown archaeological sites she has taken part in discovering and excavating: Stone Age sites from the Mesolithic and Neolithic Periods, Medieval house-sites and farm complexes, and Iron Age and Medieval iron extraction sites. Some of the results are compared to knowledge and opinions prevalent in the time before 1958, and some important improvements in fieldwork practices are briefly mentioned.
Hauglegging i Sør-Fron – hva var de redd for? Gravfunn, løsfunn og flomskred i yngre jernalder
Authors: Sæbø Andreas Ropeid
Published: November 2020

The density of large burial mounds in Sør-Fron shows that interring bodies in earth and stone was an act of great importance to the populace at some point in prehistory. In this paper I analyse grave finds and stray finds to establish when this need was at its most urgent. My results imply that the majority of the mounds date to the Late Iron Age, and show that the mounds had the agency to structure ritual action in the area at this time.

Natural disasters, especially in the form of landslides, constituted a constant threat to the farming communities of the area in the Late Iron Age. Drawing on the work of Tarlow (1995), Skre (1996), Gardela (2016) and Eriksen (2019), I argue that constructing mounds was a way of coping with these threats through a manifestation of land ownership and a strategy of “ritual fertilization”.
Åpen tilgang – Vikings fremtid
Authors: Marstrander Lyder
Published: November 2020

En kommentar fra Preses i norsk arkeologisk selskap.
Synthesis Study: Facilities (Enterprise Development, Sponsorship/Privatization)
Authors: Iyer Ananth V. , Senicheva Olga , Dunlop Steven R. , Thakkar Dutt J. , Colbert Andrew , Pratt Hannah
Published: November 2020

The Indiana Department of Transportation maintains 17 rest area locations with 28 separate rest area facilities located on interstates for driver safety and convenience. Although the rest areas provide many benefits to the traveling public, the rest areas do not earn direct profits. Moreover, the Indiana Department of Transportation is increasingly challenged by inadequate funding from taxes generated on the interstates. Constrained by Title 23, that prohibits the commercialization and the privatization of the rest areas, the state of Indiana has a high interest in sustainable sources of revenue at the rest areas that would be able to promote the states and facilities tourism and commerce. The benefits that can be recognized by taking up this project are (i) higher revenues for the INDOT (ii) cost savings wherever possible (iii) environmental benefits (iv) better services and safety measures for overnight travelers (v) partnerships with local businesses.
Herausforderungen bei einer Softwareentwicklung im Scrum-Verfahren
Authors: Zurheide Patrick Vincent
Published: November 2020

Die BGB-Vertragstypen in der im BGB normierten Form bilden die rechtlichen Anforderungen von Softwareprojekten im Scrum-Verfahren nicht hinreichend ab. Diese Arbeit untersucht die Möglichkeiten, inwiefern durch Vertragsgestaltung dennoch für beide Vertragsparteien interessengerechte Regelungen erreicht werden können. Beginnend mit einem Überblick über agile Softwareentwicklung wird daran anknüpfend die Eignung der normierten BGB-Vertragstypen für Softwareprojekte im Scrum-Verfahren untersucht. Im Hauptteil der Arbeit werden dann für diejenigen Regelungsgegenstände, die durch die im BGB normierten BGB-Vertragstypen unzureichend oder gar nicht abgebildet werden, praxisorientierte Regelungsmöglichkeiten durch Vertragsgestaltung dargestellt.
Der Schutz verletzlicher VerbraucherInnen in der Energiearmut
Authors: Hoffmann Anna-Lena
Published: November 2020

Die Arbeit widmet sich auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen der Problematik der Energiearmut und vereint dabei verbraucher-, sozial- und zivilrechtliche Fragestellungen.

Die Richtlinie 2009/72 des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates vom 13. Juli 2009 über gemeinsame Vorschriften für den Elektrizitätsbinnenmarkt und zur Aufhebung der Richtlinie 2003/54/EG enthielt bereits 2009 einen konkreten Umsetzungsauftrag zur Bekämpfung von Energiearmut. Die Mitgliedstaaten sollten dazu u.a. ein Konzept entwickeln, das sich auf verletzliche VerbraucherInnen und ihren Schutz vor Stromsperrungen bezieht. Durch die Nachfolgerichtlinie (EU) 2019/944 wird dieser Umsetzungsauftrag bekräftigt. Inwieweit die bestehenden Regelungen im Sozial-, Zivil-und Kartellrecht bereits einen hinreichenden Schutz vor Energiearmut – insbesondere im Hinblick auf die europäischen Vorgaben und den Schutz verletzlicher VerbraucherInnen - gewährleisten, wird innerhalb dieser Arbeit untersucht. Ausgehend von diesem Ergebnis werden rechtspolitische und rechtliche Überlegungen zum Schutz vor Energiearmut in einem Policy Mix zusammengefasst.
Das technische Phänomen „Künstliche Intelligenz“ im allgemeinen Zivilrecht
Authors: Konertz Roman , Schönhof Raoul
Published: November 2020

Das Phänomen der künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) gewinnt im Vertrags- und Deliktsrecht zunehmend an Bedeutung. Für die Behandlung der Thematik sind Grundkenntnisse der KI notwendig. Die Autoren beschreiben im notwendigen Maße die technischen Aspekte der KI. Sie zeigen auf, dass implementierte KI nichts anderes ist als Computersoftware. KI kann sich zwar unterschiedlich verhalten, dies ist aber immer deterministisch begründet. Es bestehen Herausforderungen bei der Vorhersehbarkeit und Erklärbarkeit der Folgen von KI (xAI). Vor diesem Hintergrund werden die Auswirkungen auf das Vertrags- und Deliktsrecht untersucht. Eine (Teil-)Rechtsfähigkeit von KI bietet dabei keinen Mehrwert. Die wahren Herausforderungen der KI liegen anderswo.
Designing Realistic Utopia
Authors: Sirsch Jürgen
Published: November 2020

Building on the work of John Rawls, this book offers a conception of ideal theory which provides practical guidance and a critical perspective on politics, institutions and society. The author develops this approach by discussing recent criticism of ideal theory by authors such as Amartya Sen and Raymond Geuss. Answering Sen’s criticism, the author proposes a novel account of feasibility in relation to ideal theory, especially with regard to ideal institutional design. As a reply to Geuss’ criticism, he discusses constructivist approaches of moral theory-building. Building on this discussion, the book develops an account of practical ideal–theoretical thinking that can be used for evaluating and criticizing societies and can guide institutional design under nonideal conditions.
Das Regierungsmitglied im parteipolitischen Diskurs
Authors: Growe Tobias
Published: November 2020

This study addresses for the first time comprehensively the various speaking roles that a member of the government can assume in public discourse. It questions primarily the extent to which a position in favor of or against political parties is legally permissible. Starting from a differentiation of roles founded in state theory, the author first examines statements that are made in the function as a member of the government. To this end, he elaborates not only on the principle of party-political neutrality, but also on previously less widely discussed questions of competence. Then, he distinguishes in-depth between communication in government office and statements made in the capacity as a member of parliament or as a party politician.
Privatrechtliche Wirkungen unternehmerischer Selbstverpflichtungen zur Einhaltung der Menschenrechte
Authors: Schramm Alexander
Published: November 2020

Die Arbeit zeigt innovative Wege zu einem verbesserten Menschenrechtsschutz mithilfe des deutschen Privatrechts auf. Anhand einer empirischen Analyse der menschenrechtlichen Selbstverpflichtungen der 30 Dax-Unternehmen stellt der Autor ihren überraschend hohen rechtlichen Gehalt dar. Mit dem Kauf-, Gesellschafts-, Arbeits-, AGB- und Wettbewerbsrecht werden die wichtigsten Bereiche unternehmerischen Handelns abgedeckt und die Menschenrechte über die Selbstverpflichtungen justiziabel. Durch konkrete Ergebnisse und Handlungsanweisungen sichert der Autor zudem die praktische Relevanz und Verwertbarkeit seiner Erkenntnisse für Forschung und Praxis.
Transparenz im Kartellverfahren der Europäischen Union
Authors: Kläger Christine
Published: November 2020

Der Begriff der Transparenz erfährt seit einiger Zeit vermehrte Aufmerksamkeit in der juristischen Diskussion. Auch wenn sein Inhalt oft unbestimmt bleibt, ist der Begriff doch eng mit einer elementaren Verfahrensgerechtigkeit verbunden, die gerade im Hinblick auf die Eingriffsintensität der kartellrechtlichen Regelungen von wesentlicher Bedeutung ist. Die Arbeit bietet eine Analyse des europäischen Kartellverfahrens mit dem Ziel, im Lichte des primärrechtlichen Transparenzgrundsatzes und unter Berücksichtigung internationaler Bezüge aufzuzeigen, inwiefern das europäische Kartellverfahren bereits transparent ausgestaltet ist, wo Transparenzdefizite bestehen und wie diese unter Einbeziehung kollidierender Interessen zu bewerten sind.
Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Morocco: Co-Incineration of RDF as an Alternative Fuel in Cement Kilns
Authors: Hasib Aziz , Ouigmane Abdellah , Boudouch Otmane , Elkacmi Reda , Bouzaid Mustapha , Berkani Mohamed
Published: November 2020

The management of municipal solid waste (MSW) is a major obstacle for the majority of municipalities in developing countries because of the impacts related to the landfilling of waste. Garbage is an energy-rich material. As a result, energy recovery is considered to be a sustainable waste management method. In Morocco, 7.4 million tons are produced annually; most of the waste is landfilled without any recovery despite the impacts related to this method of disposal. The objective of this chapter is to characterize combustible fractions (RDF) from household waste in Morocco and to study the economic and environmental benefits of their use as alternative fuels in cement kilns. The results of this research show that the combustible fractions contained in household waste in Morocco constitute a potential sustainable energy source with a high lower calorific value (4454 kcal/kg). The study of the advantages of co-incineration shows that the substitution of pet coke by 15% RDF reduces the pollution linked to gaseous emissions. In addition, the cement plant can make financial savings 389 USD/h by minimizing the use of fossil fuels.
Spatial Carrying Capacity and Sustainability: Cities, Basins, Regional Transformation
Authors: Ma Tao , Tan Nairong , Wang Xiaolei , Zhang Fanfan , Fang Hui
Published: November 2020

This chapter focuses on the spatial carrying capacity of different types of space units. Based on the characteristics of different units, it discusses how resource carrying capacity, environmental carrying capacity, ecological carrying capacity, and infrastructure carrying capacity together affect the spatial carrying capacity and allocation efficiency of space units. Cities need agglomeration of economic and demographic elements to expand the scale of spatial carrying capacity. Basins need to allocate water resources rationally under the condition of limited water resources for the sustainable development of river basin ecosystem. Regions need to explore regional comparative advantages and transformation paths from regional industries. The case studies discuss how the spatial carrying capacity of cities, river basins, and regional transformation adapt to environmental changes and the direction of carrying capacity improvement.
Analgesics
Authors: Botea Mihai
Published: November 2020

It is the responsibility of the professional care team to develop an effective person-centred Pain Management strategy which appropriately assesses patients, analyses the results of the assessment and devises a person centred plan to manage pain while allowing the person to remain as independent and functional as possible. The medications useful in treating acute pain are similar to those used in treating other types of pain. The World Health Organization (WHO) analgesic ladder developed for treating patients with cancer pain also provides a useful approach to treat acute pain. At the lowest level (mild pain) are recommended nonopioid analgesics such as paracetamol or/plus nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (e.g. ibuprophen). Such drugs have an analgesic ceiling; above a certain dose, no further analgesia is expected. For moderate pain, are recommended combining paracetamol and/or a NSAID with an opioid (a weak opoid). The inclusion of paracetamol limits the amount of opoids that should be used within 24 hour period, with many benefits which will be discussed later in the chapter. For severe level of pain, a strong opoid such as morphine is a better choice; such opoids have no analgesic ceiling. Most postoperative or trauma patients initially respond better to a morphine-equivalent opoid. At the moment when the patient is eating and drinking, a combination of oral analgesics including opoids and paracetamol plus/minus NSAID are most of the time an adequate choice.
Measuring Corporate Social Responsibility Performance: A Comprehensive AHP Based Index
Authors: Mohammed Bahurmoz Asma
Published: November 2020

Although there is no agreed upon universal definition of corporate social responsibility (CSR), organizations are often ranked in terms of their CSR performance. However, two glaring gaps have been identified in the CSR literature. First, evaluation methodologies are questionable and often lack a scientific basis and second, stakeholder representation is not made explicit or is missing altogether. This paper contributes to the CSR literature by constructing a CSR index based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), as well as ensuring that stakeholder judgments are an integral part of the constructed index. The developed index is implemented to measure CSR performance in a business setting. An AHP-based CSR Index is developed for the Services Sector in Saudi Arabia to serve as a case study. The developed index is used to measure CSR performance in over forty corporations. The paper adds to the existing literature by providing insight into how the Saudi corporations perceive and practice CSR. The paper concludes that a systematic usage of the developed AHP-based CSR index would facilitate corporations to adopt a more responsible and measurable behavior, while it offers government institutions the option to rank corporations in terms of their CSR practices in a scientific manner.
Recent Developments in All-Solid-State Micro-Supercapacitors Based on Two-Dimensional Materials
Authors: Mathew Minu , Radhakrishnan Sithara , Sekhar Rout Chandra
Published: November 2020

Owing to their unique features such as high surface area, rich electroactive sites, ultrathin thickness, excellent flexibility and mechanical stability and multiple surface functionalities enables outstanding electrochemical response which provides high energy and power density supercapacitors based on them. Also, the Van der Waals gap between layered 2D materials encourages the fast ion transport with shorter ion diffusion path. 2D materials such as MXenes, graphene, TMDs, and 2D metal–organic frame work, TMOs/TMHs materials, have been described with regard to their electrochemical properties for MSCs. We have summarized the recent progress in MSC based on well-developed 2D materials-based electrodes and its potential outcomes with different architectures including interdigitated pattern, stacked MSC and 3D geometries for on-chip electronics. This chapter provides a brief overview of the recent developments in the field of 2D material based all-solid-state microsupercapacitors (MSCs). A brief note on the MSC device configuration and microfabrication methods for the microelectrodes have been discussed. Taking advantage of certain 2D materials such as 2D MXenes, TMDs, TMOs/TMHs that provide good surface chemistry, tunable chemical and physical properties, intercalation, surface modification (functionalization), heterostructures, phase transformations, defect engineering etc. are beneficial for enhancement in pseudocapacitance as it promotes the redox activity.
The Gravettian on the Basque Crossroads:a glimpse of Palaeolithic territoriality
Authors: ARRIZABALAGA Alvaro , IRIARTE-CHIAPUSSO Maria J.
Published: November 2020

In recent decades, the Gravettian in the Basque Country has ceased to be a poorly known bridge between the Aurignacian and the Solutrean and has acquired its own personality. Progress in fieldwork and laboratory studies, the discovery of new sites in rock-shelters and in the open air, changes in the location pattern of the sites, and better knowledge of the lithic raw materials and their spatial distribution have greatly improved our understanding of the period. The main advances made since 1990 are described in this overview. At the present time, we are probably closer to describing territoriality in the Gravettian than for any other technocomplex in the region.
Delving Deeper: How Is Geometry in Tune with Bach?
Authors: VanOyen Larry , Wilders Rich
Published: November 2020

For a mathematician, the study or creation of mathematics is a wonderfully exhilarating exercise in highly sophisticated puzzle solving using a small set of rules, which are called axioms. Geometry provides a great opportunity for high school students to experience the axiomatic nature of mathematics.
Mathematical Lens: Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
Authors: Lassak Marshall
Published: November 2020

Marshall Lassak's mother, Patricia, took these photographs of the rose window in this Roman Catholic cathedral on the Grande Île in Strasburg, France.
Creating and Exploring Simple Models
Authors: Hubbard Miles J.
Published: November 2020

In my Mathematical Thinking and Modeling class, I have used an activity in which students examine a set of nonlinear data that has been obtained experimentally to stimulate student curiosity while reinforcing their skills. In examining these data, students find it curious that a linear model may be applied locally with little error. They find a linear relationship “hidden” in the data and use algebraic and statistical methods to derive an equation that models this pattern. Following that, students explore how a set of velocity data can be manipulated to show the distance that an object has fallen. Finally, they justify that the original data are modeled well with a quadratic function, leading us toward the next lesson in the course.