bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quercetin Attenuates Brain Oxidative Alterations Induced by Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Rats
Authors: Dora Mohamed F. , Taha Nabil M. , Lebda Mohamed A. , Hashem Aml E. , Elfeky Mohamed S. , El-Sayed Yasser S. , Jaouni Soad Al , El-Far Ali H.
Published: April 2021

Iron oxide nanoparticle (IONP) therapy has diverse health benefits but high doses or prolonged therapy might induce oxidative cellular injuries especially in the brain. Therefore, we conducted the current study to investigate the protective role of quercetin supplementation against the oxidative alterations induced in the brains of rats due to IONPs. Forty adult male albino rats were allocated into equal five groups; the control received a normal basal diet, the IONP group was intraperitoneally injected with IONPs of 50 mg/kg body weight (B.W.) and quercetin-treated groups had IONPs + Q25, IONPs + Q50 and IONPs + Q100 that were orally supplanted with quercetin by doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg quercetin/kg B.W. daily, respectively, administrated with the same dose of IONPs for 30 days. IONPs induced significant increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) and significantly decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Consequently, IONPs significantly induced severe brain tissue injuries due to the iron deposition leading to oxidative alterations with significant increases in brain creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Furthermore, IONPs induced significant reductions in brain epinephrine, serotonin and melatonin with the downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (mtTFA) mRNA expressions. IONPs induced apoptosis in the brain monitored by increases in caspase 3 and decreases in B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) expression levels. Quercetin supplementation notably defeated brain oxidative damages and in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, quercetin supplementation during IONPs is highly recommended to gain the benefits of IONPs with fewer health hazards.
Comparative Analysis of Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Using Flow Cytometry and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
Authors: George Sobha Karuthedom , Lauková Lucia , Weiss René , Semak Vladislav , Fendl Birgit , Weiss Victor U. , Steinberger Stephanie , Allmaier Günter , Tripisciano Carla , Weber Viktoria
Published: April 2021

Growing interest in extracellular vesicles (EVs) has prompted the advancements of protocols for improved EV characterization. As a high-throughput, multi-parameter, and single particle technique, flow cytometry is widely used for EV characterization. The comparison of data on EV concentration, however, is hindered by the lack of standardization between different protocols and instruments. Here, we quantified EV counts of platelet-derived EVs, using two flow cytometers (Gallios and CytoFLEX LX) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Phosphatidylserine-exposing EVs were identified by labelling with lactadherin (LA). Calibration with silica-based fluorescent beads showed detection limits of 300 nm and 150 nm for Gallios and CytoFLEX LX, respectively. Accordingly, CytoFLEX LX yielded 40-fold higher EV counts and 13-fold higher counts of LA+CD41+ EVs compared to Gallios. NTA in fluorescence mode (F-NTA) demonstrated that only 9.5% of all vesicles detected in scatter mode exposed phosphatidylserine, resulting in good agreement of LA+ EVs for CytoFLEX LX and F-NTA. Since certain functional characteristics, such as the exposure of pro-coagulant phosphatidylserine, are not equally displayed across the entire EV size range, our study highlights the necessity of indicating the size range of EVs detected with a given approach along with the EV concentration to support the comparability between different studies.
Monitoring Real Time Security Attacks for IoT Systems Using DevSecOps: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Bahaa Ahmed , Abdelaziz Ahmed , Sayed Abdalla , Elfangary Laila , Fahmy Hanan
Published: April 2021

In many enterprises and the private sector, the Internet of Things (IoT) has spread globally. The growing number of different devices connected to the IoT and their various protocols have contributed to the increasing number of attacks, such as denial-of-service (DoS) and remote-to-local (R2L) ones. There are several approaches and techniques that can be used to construct attack detection models, such as machine learning, data mining, and statistical analysis. Nowadays, this technique is commonly used because it can provide precise analysis and results. Therefore, we decided to study the previous literature on the detection of IoT attacks and machine learning in order to understand the process of creating detection models. We also evaluated various datasets used for the models, IoT attack types, independent variables used for the models, evaluation metrics for assessment of models, and monitoring infrastructure using DevSecOps pipelines. We found 49 primary studies, and the detection models were developed using seven different types of machine learning techniques. Most primary studies used IoT device testbed datasets, and others used public datasets such as NSL-KDD and UNSW-NB15. When it comes to measuring the efficiency of models, both numerical and graphical measures are commonly used. Most IoT attacks occur at the network layer according to the literature. If the detection models applied DevSecOps pipelines in development processes for IoT devices, they were more secure. From the results of this paper, we found that machine learning techniques can detect IoT attacks, but there are a few issues in the design of detection models. We also recommend the continued use of hybrid frameworks for the improved detection of IoT attacks, advanced monitoring infrastructure configurations using methods based on software pipelines, and the use of machine learning techniques for advanced supervision and monitoring.
Lost but Not Lost—Embolization of a Leadless Pacemaker to the Pulmonary Artery with Consecutive Endovascular Recovery
Authors: Barbieri Fabian , Kranewitter Christof , Frech Andreas , Hintringer Florian , Stühlinger Markus
Published: April 2021

Background: Leadless transcatheter pacemaker systems (TPS) have become a valuable alternative to transvenous pacemakers in selected indications. With the steadily increasing amount of TPS implantations performed worldwide, reports of periprocedural complications are likewise increasingly found in the literature but are still underreported. Case presentation: We report a case of a 75 year old male undergoing TPS implantation due to cardioinhibitory vasovagal syncope. The implantation was primarily uneventful; adequate pacing parameters and fixation of the device were achieved. Unfortunately, dislocation of the leadless pacemaker occurred at the end of the procedure and the device embolized into a primary side branch of the right pulmonary artery. Endovascular retrieval was performed by using a single snare technique without any further complications. Conclusions: Although challenging, endovascular recovery of embolized TPS from the pulmonary artery is feasible and may be successfully accomplished by experienced implanters.
Alignment of Physical Activity in Older Couples Affected by Osteoarthritis: Investigation by Accelerometry and Questionnaire
Authors: Moellenbeck Burkhard , Horst Frank , Gosheger Georg , Theil Christoph , Seeber Leonie , Kalisch Tobias
Published: April 2021

This study examined whether an alignment of physical activity (PA) between osteoarthritis patients and their spouses, which was previously proven by accelerometry, might also be revealed by self-report. The PA of 28 cohabitating couples (58–83 years) was assessed by means of synchronous accelerometry (ActiGraph wGTX3-BT) and compared to their according self-reports in the German Physical Activity, Exercise, and Sport Questionnaire (BSA-F). Both methods were used to quantify the average weekly light PA, moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), and total PA. Accelerometry revealed no differences in weekly light PA and total PA (p ≥ 0.187) between patients and spouses, whereas the patients’ spouses accumulated significantly more MVPA (p = 0.015). In contrast, the self-report did not reveal any differences between the two groups in terms of PA (p ≥ 0.572). Subsequent correlation analyses indicated that accelerometry data for mild PA and total PA were significantly correlated in couples (r ≥ 0.385, p ≤ 0.024), but MVPA was not (r = 0.257, p = 0.097). The self-reported PA data, on the other hand, did not indicate any significant correlation (r ≤ 0.046, p ≥ 0.409). The presented results give a first indication that an alignment of PA between osteoarthritis patients and their spouses is most likely to be detected by accelerometry, but not by self-report.
Left Ventricular Remodeling in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: An Overview of Current Knowledge
Authors: Musumeci Beatrice , Tini Giacomo , Russo Domitilla , Sclafani Matteo , Cava Francesco , Tropea Alessandro , Adduci Carmen , Palano Francesca , Francia Pietro , Autore Camillo
Published: April 2021

While most patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) show a relatively stable morphologic and clinical phenotype, in some others, progressive changes in the left ventricular (LV) wall thickness, cavity size, and function, defined, overall, as “LV remodeling”, may occur. The interplay of multiple pathophysiologic mechanisms, from genetic background to myocardial ischemia and fibrosis, is implicated in this process. Different patterns of LV remodeling have been recognized and are associated with a specific impact on the clinical course and management of the disease. These findings underline the need for and the importance of serial multimodal clinical and instrumental evaluations to identify and further characterize the LV remodeling phenomenon. A more complete definition of the stages of the disease may present a chance to improve the management of HCM patients.
A Prospective Study on the Efficacy of Two Different Phlebotonic Therapies as a Bridge to Surgery in Patients with Advanced Hemorrhoidal Disease
Authors: Orefice Raffaele , Litta Francesco , Parello Angelo , De Simone Veronica , Campennì Paola , Marra Angelo Alessandro , Ratto Carlo
Published: April 2021

The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of two different phlebotonic therapies, preoperatively administered in advanced hemorrhoidal disease (HD) patients with recommendation for surgery, and to assess patient satisfaction after treatment. In this prospective observational study, 100 patients were preoperatively treated either with micronized purified flavonoid fraction (group A) or sublingual nano-emulsion flavonoid (group B). HD symptoms, local inflammation signs and patients’ satisfaction were evaluated at baseline visit (T0), after 4 weeks of therapy (T1) and 8 weeks after its discontinuation (T2). In group A, a significant improvement for all HD symptoms and inflammation signs was observed after therapy (T1), followed by a reduction of efficacy in T2, except for itching and edema. In group B, therapy had a significant benefit on symptoms and local inflammation at T1, which persisted after its discontinuation for all symptoms, and edematous hemorrhoids. In both groups, the satisfaction rate was “good” in 60% of patients and patients were statistically significant more satisfied at T1 compared with T2 (p = 0.0001). No adverse events were recorded. Preoperative treatment was safe and useful to optimize patients’ clinical condition prior to surgery.
Use of Anti-Cytokine Therapy in Kidney Transplant Recipients with COVID-19
Authors: Bodro Marta , Cofan Frederic , Ríos Jose , Herrera Sabina , Linares Laura , Marcos María Angeles , Soriano Alex , Moreno Asunción , Diekmann Fritz
Published: April 2021

In the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we aimed to evaluate the impact of anti-cytokine therapies (AT) in kidney transplant recipients requiring hospitalization due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This is an observational retrospective study, which included patients from March to May 2020. An inverse probability of treatment weighting from a propensity score to receive AT was used in all statistical analyses, and we applied a bootstrap procedure in order to calculate an estimation of the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of odds ratio (OR). outcomes were measured using an ordinal scale determination (OSD). A total of 33 kidney recipients required hospitalization and 54% of them received at least one AT, mainly tocilizumab (42%), followed by anakinra (12%). There was no statistical effect in terms of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, respiratory secondary infections (35% vs. 7%) or mortality (16% vs. 13%) comparing patients that received AT with those who did not. Nevertheless, patients who received AT presented better outcomes during hospitalization in terms of OSD ≥5 ((OR 0.31; 2.5th, 97.5th percentiles (0.10; 0.72)). These analyses indicate, as a plausible hypothesis, that the use of AT in kidney transplant recipients presenting with COVID-19 could be beneficial, even though multicenter randomized control trials using these therapies in transplanted patients are needed.
Somatoform Dissociative Symptoms Have No Impact on the Outcome of Trauma-Focused Treatment for Severe PTSD
Authors: Zoet Harmen A. , de Jongh Ad , van Minnen Agnes
Published: April 2021

For patients with complex or other severe forms of PTSD, particularly in cases with dissociative symptoms, different treatment approaches have been suggested. However, the influence of somatoform dissociation on the effectiveness of trauma-focused treatment has hardly ever been studied. This study aims to test the hypotheses that (1) PTSD patients reporting a low level and those reporting a high level of somatoform dissociative symptoms would both benefit from an intensive trauma-focused treatment, and that (2) somatoform dissociative symptoms would alleviate. Participants were 220 patients with severe PTSD, enrolled in an intensive treatment program combining EMDR therapy and prolonged exposure therapy, without a preceding stabilization phase. Trauma history was diversified, and comorbidity was high. PTSD symptoms (CAPS-5 and PCL-5) and somatoform dissociative symptoms (SDQ-5 and SDQ-20) were assessed at pre-treatment, post-treatment and at six months after completion of treatment. The course of both PTSD and somatoform dissociative symptoms was compared for individuals reporting low and for those reporting high levels of somatoform dissociative symptoms. Large effect sizes were observed regarding PTSD symptoms reduction for patients with both low and high levels of somatoform dissociation. Somatoform dissociation did not impact improvement in terms of PTSD symptom reduction. The severity of somatoform dissociative symptoms decreased significantly in both groups. This decrease was greater for those with a positive screen for a dissociative disorder. These results add further support to the notion that the presence of strong somatoform dissociative symptoms in patients with PTSD does not necessarily call for a different treatment approach. Clinical implications are discussed.
Depression Associated with Reduced Heart Rate Variability Predicts Outcome in Adult Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Westhoff-Bleck Mechthild , Lemke Lars H. , Bleck Jan-Marc S. , Bleck Anja C. , Bauersachs Johann , Kahl Kai G.
Published: April 2021

In adult congenital heart disease (ACHD), major depressive disorder (MDD) represents a frequent comorbidity. In non-CHD, adverse outcome is predicted by MDD and heart rate variability (HRV), whereas in ACHD their prognostic relevance is unknown. We prospectively evaluated 171 patients (age 35.6 ± 11.4 years; male 42.7%, mean observation time 54.7 ± 14.9 months). Binary regression analysis calculated the association between MDD and HRV. Cox proportional survival analysis estimated their impact on decompensated heart failure and all-cause mortality (HF/death), supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia (SVT/VT), and hospitalization due to unexpected cardiac causes. Exclusively MDD with moderate/severe symptoms showed significantly lower HRV as derived from frequency-domain analysis (Symindex) (p = 0.013). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, patients stratified according to the lower quartile of the Symindex comorbid with MDD (n = 16) exhibited poorer prognosis regarding HF/death (Hazard Ratio (HR): 7.04 (95%CI:(1.87–26.5)), SVT/VT (HR: 4.90 (95%CI:1.74–9.25)) and hospitalization (HR: 3.80 (95%CI:1.36–10.6)). An additional independent predictor was N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide elevation (p < 0.001), indicating advanced HF and heart disease complexity (p < 0.001). Autonomic nervous system dysfunction measured by altered HRV is considered to be one of the pathways linking MDD and adverse outcomes in cardiac diseases. Our results exceed the existing literature by demonstrating that MDD with decreased HRV is associated with poorer prognosis in ACHD.
Modeling of Accidental Oil Spills at Different Phases of LNG Terminal Construction
Authors: Na Byoungjoon , Son Sangyoung , Choi Jae-Cheon
Published: April 2021

Accidental oil spills not only deteriorate biodiversity but also cause immediate threats to coastal environments. This study quantitatively investigates the initial dispersion of spilled oil using the environmental fluid dynamics code (EFDC) model, loosely coupled with an endorsed oil spill model (MEDSLIK-II) accounting for time-dependent advection, diffusion, and physiochemical weathering of the surface oil slick. Focusing on local contributing factors (i.e., construction activities) to oil dispersion, the current model is applied to likely oil spills occurring at three different phases of the Songdo LNG terminal construction on a reclaimed site in South Korea. Applied phases pose detailed ship collision scenarios generated based on a proposed construction plan of the terminal. The effects of permeable revetments, required for reclamation, on the currents were also investigated and applied in subsequent oil spill modeling. For each scenario, the simulated results showed distinct patterns in the advection, dispersion, and transformation of the oil slick. Oil absorption into the coast, which causes immense damage to the coastal communities, is found to be highly dependent on the tidal currents, volume of oil spilled, and nearby construction activities.
Biocontrol Mechanisms of Trichoderma koningiopsis PSU3-2 against Postharvest Anthracnose of Chili Pepper
Authors: Ruangwong On-Uma , Pornsuriya Chaninun , Pitija Kitsada , Sunpapao Anurag
Published: April 2021

Several mechanisms are involved in the biological control of plant pathogens by the soil-borne Trichoderma spp. fungi. The aim of this study was to characterize a new strain of Trichoderma as a potential biological control agent to control the postharvest anthracnose of chili pepper caused by Colletotrichumgloeosporioides. A total of nine strains of Trichoderma spp. were screened for their antifungal activity using a dual culture assay against C.gloeosporioides. Trichoderma koningiopsis PSU3-2 was shown to be the most effective strain, with a percentage inhibition of 79.57%, which was significantly higher than that of other strains (p < 0.05). In the sealed plate method, T. koningiopsis PSU3-2 suppressed the growth of C.gloeosporioides by 38.33%. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was applied to trap volatiles emitted by T. koningiopsis PSU3-2, and the GC/MS profiling revealed the presence of antifungal compounds including azetidine, 2-phenylethanol, and ethyl hexadecanoate. The production of cell-wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs) was assayed through cell-free culture filtrate (CF) of PSU3-2, and the enzyme activity of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase was 0.06 and 0.23 U/mL, respectively, significantly higher than that in the control (p < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy of the mycelium incubated in cell-free CF of T. koningiopsis PSU3-2 showed the abnormal shape of C.gloeosporioides hyphae. Application of T. koningiopsis PSU3-2 by the dipping method significantly reduced the lesion size (p < 0.05) after inoculation with C.gloeosporioides compared to the control, and there was no disease symptom development in T. koningiopsis PSU3-2-treated chili pepper. This study demonstrates that T. koningiopsis PSU3-2 is an effective antagonistic microorganism and a promising biocontrol agent against postharvest anthracnose of chili pepper, acting with multiple mechanisms.
Conventional CT versus Dedicated CT Angiography in DIEP Flap Planning: A Feasibility Study
Authors: D’Angelo Anna , Cina Alessandro , Macrì Giulia , Belli Paolo , Mercogliano Sara , Barbieri Pierluigi , Grippo Cristina , Franceschini Gianluca , D’Archi Sabatino , Mason Elena Jane , Visconti Giuseppe , Adesi Liliana Barone , Salgarello Marzia , Manfredi Riccardo
Published: April 2021

The deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap is used with increasing frequency in post-mastectomy breast reconstruction. Preoperative mapping with CT angiography (CTa) is crucial in reducing surgical complications and optimizing surgical techniques. Our study’s goal was to investigate the accuracy of conventional CT (cCT), performed during disease staging, compared to CTa in preoperative DIEP flap planning. In this retrospective, single-center study, we enrolled patients scheduled for mastectomy and DIEP flap breast reconstruction, subjected to cCT within 24 months after CTa. We included 35 patients in the study. cCT accuracy was 95% (CI 0.80–0.98) in assessing the three largest perforators, 100% (CI 0.89–100) in assessing the dominant perforator, 93% (CI 0.71–0.94) in assessing the perforator intramuscular course, and 90.6% (CI 0.79–0.98) in assessing superficial venous communications. Superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) caliber was recognized in 90% of cases (CI 0.84–0.99), with an excellent assessment of superficial inferior epigastric vein (SIEV) integrity (96% of cases, CI 0.84–0.99), and a lower accuracy in the evaluation of deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEA) branching type (85% of cases, CI 0.69–0.93). The mean X-ray dose spared would have been 788 ± 255 mGy/cm. Our study shows that cCT is as accurate as CTa in DIEP flap surgery planning.
Application of Janus Kinase Inhibitors in Atopic Dermatitis: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials
Authors: Tsai Hou-Ren , Lu Jing-Wun , Chen Li-Yu , Chen Tai-Li
Published: April 2021

Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are promising treatments for atopic dermatitis (AD). The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors for AD treatment via the “Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation” approach. We identified 15 randomized controlled trials comparing oral or topical JAK inhibitors against placebo to treat AD. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed, and the numbers-needed-to-treat (NNTs)/numbers-needed-to-harm (NNHs) were calculated. Patients treated with JAK inhibitors were associated with higher rates of achieving eczema area and severity index-75 (rate ratio (RR): 2.84; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.20–3.67; I2: 38.9%; NNT = 3.97), Investigator’s Global Assessment response (RR: 2.99; 95% CI: 2.26–3.95; I2: 0%; NNT = 5.72), and pruritus numerical rating scale response (RR: 2.52; 95% CI: 1.90–3.35; I2: 39.4%; NNT = 4.91) than those treated with placebo. Moreover, patients treated with JAK inhibitors had a higher risk of treatment-emergent adverse events (RR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.02–1.28; I2: 52%; NNH = 14.80) but not adverse events leading to drug discontinuation. According to the evidence-based results, JAK inhibitors are potentially effective strategies (certainty of evidence: “moderate”) for treating AD with tolerable side effects (certainty of evidence: “low”). Nevertheless, long-term follow-up is required.
Multi-Layer Picture of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Lessons from the Use of Big Data through Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Termine Andrea , Fabrizio Carlo , Strafella Claudia , Caputo Valerio , Petrosini Laura , Caltagirone Carlo , Giardina Emiliano , Cascella Raffaella
Published: April 2021

In the big data era, artificial intelligence techniques have been applied to tackle traditional issues in the study of neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the progress made in understanding the complex (epi)genetics signatures underlying neurodegenerative disorders, performing early diagnosis and developing drug repurposing strategies remain serious challenges for such conditions. In this context, the integration of multi-omics, neuroimaging, and electronic health records data can be exploited using deep learning methods to provide the most accurate representation of patients possible. Deep learning allows researchers to find multi-modal biomarkers to develop more effective and personalized treatments, early diagnosis tools, as well as useful information for drug discovering and repurposing in neurodegenerative pathologies. In this review, we will describe how relevant studies have been able to demonstrate the potential of deep learning to enhance the knowledge of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases through the integration of all sources of biomedical data.
Influence of Genetic Variants on Disease Regression and Outcomes in HCV-Related Advanced Chronic Liver Disease after SVR
Authors: Semmler Georg , Binter Teresa , Kozbial Karin , Schwabl Philipp , Chromy David , Bauer David , Simbrunner Benedikt , Müllner-Bucsics Theresa , Scheiner Bernhard , Stättermayer Albert , Pinter Matthias , Steindl-Munda Petra , Trauner Michael , Ferenci Peter , Reiberger Thomas , Mandorfer Mattias
Published: April 2021

Genetic variants including PNPLA3-rs738409 C>G, TM6SF2-rs58542926 C>T, MBOAT7-rs641738 C>T, and HSD17B13-rs72613567 T>TA have been shown to influence progression to advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD) in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). We aimed to investigate their impact on disease regression (i.e., changes in hepatic venous pressure gradient [HVPG] and non-invasive surrogates [liver stiffness measurement (LSM), von Willebrand factor (VWF), and VWF/platelet count ratio (VITRO)]) and clinical outcomes after CHC cure in 346 patients with pre-treatment ACLD. Patients carrying the PNPLA3 minor allele had more advanced liver disease prior to antiviral therapy, confirming its impact on liver disease progression. In a subgroup of 88 patients who underwent paired HVPG-measurements and were genotyped for all SNP/indels, PNPLA3/TM6SF2/MBOAT7/HSD17B13 genotypes were not associated with changes in HVPG. In line, changes in non-invasive surrogates of portal hypertension (LSM/VWF/VITRO) were comparable between carriers and non-carriers of the PNPLA3 G-allele in the overall cohort. Finally, carriage of PNPLA3 G-allele was not associated with the development of hepatic decompensation, de-novo hepatocellular carcinoma, or transplant-free mortality during a median follow-up of 42 months after the end of antiviral treatment. Therefore, genetic variants in PNPLA3/TM6SF2/MBOAT7/HSD17B13 do not impact the regression of portal hypertension and clinical outcomes in patients with pre-treatment ACLD after CHC cure.
Theoretical Underpinnings in Research Investigating Barriers for Implementing Environmentally Sustainable Farming Practices: Insights from a Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Anibaldi Renata , Rundle-Thiele Sharyn , David Patricia , Roemer Carina
Published: April 2021

Research has a critical role in supporting the implementation of farming practices that are appropriate for meeting food and climate security for a growing global population. Notwithstanding progress towards more sustainable agricultural production, the rate of change varies across and within regions and is, overall, too slow. Understanding what is and is not working at the implementation level and, critically, providing justified explanations on outcomes, is an important contribution of the literature. Based on the assumption that theory-informed research can contribute to adoption policy and practice, this review ascertained and described the use of theory in the identification and examination of barriers to adoption in studies included in a recent systematic literature review. Following the application of criteria for ‘theory use’, 16 studies out of 75 were found to have applied or built upon one or more of 14 theories and models in their research approaches, including established theories in the social and behavioural sciences, as well as systems based models developed specifically in the sustainable agriculture space. Following a description of theory and model use in the studies, results are discussed relative to how theoretical constructs and mechanisms within individual and across studies can assist in explaining why and how adoption of sustainable practices is constrained.
Stachybotrys musae sp. nov., S. microsporus, and Memnoniella levispora (Stachybotryaceae, Hypocreales) Found on Bananas in China and Thailand
Authors: Samarakoon Binu C. , Wanasinghe Dhanushka N. , Phookamsak Rungtiwa , Bhat Jayarama , Chomnunti Putarak , Karunarathna Samantha C. , Lumyong Saisamorn
Published: April 2021

A study was conducted to investigate saprobic fungal niches of Stachybotryaceae (Hypocreales) associated with leaves of Musa (banana) in China and Thailand. Three hyphomycetous taxa were collected during the dry season of 2018 and 2019. After a careful phenotypic characterization (both macro- and microscopically) and a phylogenetic tree reconstruction using a concatenated sequence dataset of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), calmodulin (cmdA), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), β-tubulin (tub2), and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) gene regions, we report three species of Stachybotryaceae. Stachybotrys musae is introduced as a novel taxon from Yunnan, China, while S.microsporus is reported from Chiang Rai Province in Thailand on Musa. In addition, Memnoniella levispora is also reported from China for the first time.
Effect of Acetylated SEBS/PP for Potential HVAC Cable Insulation
Authors: Zhang Peng , Wang Xuan , Yang Jiaming , Zhang Yongqi
Published: April 2021

Blending polypropylene (PP) with thermoplastic elastomer SEBS can effectively improve the mechanical toughness of PP, thus leading to the promise of SEBS/PP as the primary insulation material for high voltage alternating current (HVAC) cables. However, the growth of electrical trees during cable operation limits the application of SEBS/PP. In this paper, acetylation reaction is used to construct acetophenone group at the end of the benzene ring on SEBS so that it has the effect of both a toughening agent and a voltage stabilizer. Then PP was melt blended with acetylated SEBS (Ac-SEBS), and the effects of Ac-SEBS on the mechanical properties, electrical tree resistance, alternating current (AC) breakdown strength, and dielectric spectrum of PP were mainly investigated with reference to PP and SEBS/PP. The results showed that Ac-SEBS with 30% content could enhance the mechanical toughness of PP and improve the electrical tree resistance and AC breakdown strength of SEBS/PP. The AC breakdown field strength of Ac-SEBS/PP reached the highest when the acetylation level was 4.6%, which was 9.2% higher than that of SEBS/PP. At this time, Ac-SEBS was also able to absorb high-energy electrons through the keto-enol interchange isomerization reaction, which inhibited the initiation and growth of electric trees and caused the development of electric dendrites in a jungle-like manner. Moreover, the dielectric loss factor of AC-SEBS/PP in power frequency is within the allowable range of industry. Therefore, Ac-SEBS/PP is expected to be applied to HVAC cables, thus further improving the efficiency of HVAC power transmission.
Analysis of the Accelerator-Driven System Fuel Assembly during the Steam Generator Tube Rupture Accident
Authors: Wang Di-Si , Liu Bo , Yang Sheng , Xi Bin , Gu Long , Li Jin-Yang , Wallenius Janne , Zhang You-Peng
Published: April 2021

China is developing an ADS (Accelerator-Driven System) research device named the China initiative accelerator-driven system (CiADS). When performing a safety analysis of this new proposed design, the core behavior during the steam generator tube rupture (SGTR) accident has to be investigated. The purpose of our research in this paper is to investigate the impact from different heating conditions and inlet steam contents on steam bubble and coolant temperature distributions in ADS fuel assemblies during a postulated SGTR accident by performing necessary computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. In this research, the open source CFD calculation software OpenFOAM, together with the two-phase VOF (Volume of Fluid) model were used to simulate the steam bubble behavior in heavy liquid metal flow. The model was validated with experimental results published in the open literature. Based on our simulation results, it can be noticed that steam bubbles will accumulate at the periphery region of fuel assemblies, and the maximum temperature in fuel assembly will not overwhelm its working limit during the postulated SGTR accident when the steam content at assembly inlet is less than 15%.
Effect of Cyanuric Acid as an Efficient Nucleating Agent on the Crystallization of Novel Biodegradable Branched Poly(Ethylene Succinate)
Authors: Zhang Kangjing , Qiu Zhaobin
Published: April 2021

Novel biodegradable branched poly(ethylene succinate) (b-PES) composites, i.e., nucleated b-PES samples, were prepared by incorporating low loadings of cyanuric acid (CA) through a solution and casting method to enhance the crystallization rate. As an efficient nucleating agent, CA could remarkably increase the nonisothermal melt crystallization peak temperature, shorten the crystallization half-time, accelerate the overall isothermal melt crystallization, and enhance the nucleation density of b-PES spherulites in the composites. Despite the addition of CA, the crystallization mechanism and crystal structure of b-PES remained unchanged. A possible epitaxial crystallization mechanism may account for the nucleation of b-PES crystals induced by CA.
Teachers’ Use of Technology Affordances to Contextualize and Dynamically Enrich and Extend Mathematical Problem-Solving Strategies
Authors: Santos-Trigo Manuel , Barrera-Mora Fernando , Camacho-Machín Matías
Published: April 2021

This study aims to document the extent to which the use of digital technology enhances and extends high school teachers’ problem-solving strategies when framing their teaching scenarios. The participants systematically relied on online developments such as Wikipedia to contextualize problem statements or to review involved concepts. Likewise, they activated GeoGebra’s affordances to construct and explore dynamic models of tasks. The Apollonius problem is used to illustrate and discuss how the participants contextualized the task and relied on technology affordances to construct and explore problems’ dynamic models. As a result, they exhibited and extended the domain of several problem-solving strategies including the use of simpler cases, dragging orderly objects, measuring objects attributes, and finding loci of some objects that shaped their approached to reasoning and solve problems.
Impact of Malapposed and Overlapping Stents on Hemodynamics: A 2D Parametric Computational Fluid Dynamics Study
Authors: Lagache Manuel , Coppel Ricardo , Finet Gérard , Derimay François , Pettigrew Roderic I. , Ohayon Jacques , Malvè Mauro
Published: April 2021

Despite significant progress, malapposed or overlapped stents are a complication that affects daily percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures. These malapposed stents affect blood flow and create a micro re-circulatory environment. These disturbances are often associated with a change in Wall Shear Stress (WSS), Time-averaged WSS (TAWSS), relative residence time (RRT) and oscillatory character of WSS and disrupt the delicate balance of vascular biology, providing a possible source of thrombosis and restenosis. In this study, 2D axisymmetric parametric computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed to systematically analyze the hemodynamic effects of malapposition and stent overlap for two types of stents (drug-eluting stent and a bioresorbable stent). The results of the modeling are mainly analyzed using streamlines, TAWSS, oscillatory shear index (OSI) and RRT. The risks of restenosis and thrombus are evaluated according to commonly accepted thresholds for TAWSS and OSI. The small malapposition distances (MD) cause both low TAWSS and high OSI, which are potential adverse outcomes. The region of low OSI decrease with MD. Overlap configurations produce areas with low WSS and high OSI. The affected lengths are relatively insensitive to the overlap distance. The effects of strut size are even more sensitive and adverse for overlap configurations compared to a well-applied stent.
Generalization of Methods for Calculating Steady-State Flow Distribution in Pipeline Networks for Non-Conventional Flow Models
Authors: Novitsky Nikolay , Mikhailovsky Egor
Published: April 2021

This paper proposes generalized models and methods for calculating flow distribution in hydraulic circuits with lumped parameters. The main models of the isothermal steady-state flow of medium are classified by an element of the hydraulic circuit. These models include conventional, implicitly specified by flow rate, and pressure-dependent ones. The conditions for their applicability, which ensure the existence and uniqueness of a solution to the flow distribution problem, are considered. We propose generalized nodal pressure and loop flow rate methods, which can be applied regardless of the forms of specific element models. Final algorithms, which require lower computational costs versus the known approaches designed for non-conventional flow models, are substantiated. Proposed models, methods, algorithms, and their capabilities, are analytically and numerically illustrated by an example of a fragment of gas transmission network with compressor stations.
Stock Price Movement Prediction Based on a Deep Factorization Machine and the Attention Mechanism
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Liu Suhui , Zheng Xin
Published: April 2021

The prediction of stock price movement is a popular area of research in academic and industrial fields due to the dynamic, highly sensitive, nonlinear and chaotic nature of stock prices. In this paper, we constructed a convolutional neural network model based on a deep factorization machine and attention mechanism (FA-CNN) to improve the prediction accuracy of stock price movement via enhanced feature learning. Unlike most previous studies, which focus only on the temporal features of financial time series data, our model also extracts intraday interactions among input features. Further, in data representation, we used the sub-industry index as supplementary information for the current state of the stock, since there exists stock price co-movement between individual stocks and their industry index. The experiments were carried on the individual stocks in three industries. The results showed that the additional inputs of (a) the intraday interactions among input features and (b) the sub-industry index information effectively improved the prediction accuracy. The highest prediction accuracy of the proposed FA-CNN model is 64.81%. It is 7.38% higher than that of traditional LSTM, and 3.71% higher than that of the model without sub-industry index as additional input features.
An Analytical Technique Implemented in the Fractional Clannish Random Walker’s Parabolic Equation with Nonlinear Physical Phenomena
Authors: Alam Md. Nur , Talib Imran , Bazighifan Omar , Chalishajar Dimplekumar N. , Almarri Barakah
Published: April 2021

In this paper, the adapted (G′/G)-expansion scheme is executed to obtain exact solutions to the fractional Clannish Random Walker’s Parabolic (FCRWP) equation. Some innovative results of the FCRWP equation are gained via the scheme. A diverse variety of exact outcomes are obtained. The proposed procedure could also be used to acquire exact solutions for other nonlinear fractional mathematical models (NLFMMs).
Recent Nordic Research in Mathematics Education Illustrated by Examples from NORMA17
Authors: Grevholm Barbro
Published: April 2021

A characterization of recent Nordic research in didactics of mathematics is presented based on the 32 research reports from the Nordic and Baltic countries in the proceedings from NORMA17 (The eighth Nordic conference on didactics of mathematics). Recent Nordic research in didactics of mathematics is observed from several aspects such as choice of problem, theory, method, result, and target for the message. The analyses of the papers on different levels and from a manifold of perspectives build up an image of what Nordic research in DM (didactics of mathematics) contains and represents currently. The closeness and cooperation between researchers in the Nordic countries is characteristic as well as the breadth and variation in the choice of questions, theories, and methods. Research activity seems to flourish most in Norway. Small-scale studies as well as larger projects are visible. A variety of messages about mathematics teaching and learning for all age groups are directed to students, mathematics teachers, teacher educators, and policymakers. Quantitative and qualitative empirical studies dominate. Conceptual or theoretical investigations are rare. Studies of outcomes of interventions, including teaching approaches and experiments are most common, followed by studies of learning and cognition, including problem-solving. There is a need for surveys and overviews as so many new results are exposed.
Age-Specific Mathematical Model for Tuberculosis Transmission Dynamics in South Korea
Authors: Lee Sunmi , Park Hae-Young , Ryu Hohyung , Kwon Jin-Won
Published: April 2021

Korea has the highest burden of tuberculosis (TB) among Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries. Various strategies have been implemented to eradicate TB in Korea, and it is critical to evaluate previous TB management outcomes before framing future TB policies. Over the past few decades, the rapid increase in the aging population in Korea has substantially impacted the incidence of TB among the elderly. Thus, in this study, we aimed to develop a mathematical model for the assessment of TB management outcomes incorporating special features of TB transmission dynamics in Korea. First, we incorporate 2-age groups in our TB model because TB epidemics in Korea are different between the elderly and the non-elderly (<65 years vs. ≥65 years). Second, because the public-private mix has had a full-fledged impact since 2012, this study was divided into two periods (2001–2011 and 2012–2018). We developed a mathematical model of TB transmission dynamics with 2-age groups and age-specific model parameters were estimated based on actual TB epidemic data from 2001 to 2018. These parameters included transmission rates, relapse rates, and recovery rates. We conducted sensitivity analyses of various parameters, and investigated the impacts of these parameters on TB incidence. Our results demonstrate that the overall outcomes of both age-groups improved in the period of 2012–2018 compared with that in the period of 2001–2011. Age-specific interventions should be implemented to reduce the overall TB incidence. More intensive treatment efforts should be focused on the elderly, while the early detection and treatment rates for latent TB were the most significant factor to reduce TB incidence in both groups.
Revisiting a Distinct Entity in Pulmonary Vascular Disease: Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH)
Authors: Sharma Munish , Levine Deborah Jo
Published: April 2021

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a specific type of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and the major component of Group 4 pulmonary hypertension (PH). It is caused by pulmonary vasculature obstruction that leads to a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and, ultimately, to failure of the right ventricle. Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PEA) is the only definitive therapy, so a timely diagnosis and early referral to a specialized PEA center to determine candidacy is prudent for a favorable outcome. Percutaneous balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) has a potential role in patients unsuitable for PEA. Medical therapy with riociguat is the only PH-specific medical therapy currently approved for the treatment of inoperable or persistent CTEPH. This review article aims to revisit CTEPH succinctly with a review of prevailing literature.
Enhancing the Permeate Flux of Direct Contact Membrane Distillation Modules with Inserting 3D Printing Turbulence Promoters
Authors: Chang Hsuan , Ho Chii-Dong , Chen Yih-Hang , Chen Luke , Hsu Tze-Hao , Lim Jun-Wei , Chiou Chung-Pao , Lin Po-Hung
Published: April 2021

Two geometric shape turbulence promoters (circular and square of same areas) of different array patterns using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology were designed for direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) modules in the present study. The DCMD device was performed at middle temperature operation (about 45 °C to 60 °C) of hot inlet saline water associated with a constant temperature of inlet cold stream. Attempts to reduce the disadvantageous temperature polarization effect were made inserting the 3D turbulence promoters to promote both the mass and heat transfer characteristics in improving pure water productivity. The additive manufacturing 3D turbulence promoters acting as eddy promoters could not only strengthen the membrane stability by preventing vibration but also enhance the permeate flux with lessening temperature polarization effect. Therefore, the 3D turbulence promoters were individually inserted into the flow channel of the DCMD device to create vortices in the flow stream and increase turbulent intensity. The modeling equations for predicting the permeate flux in DCMD modules by inserting the manufacturing 3D turbulence promoter were investigated theoretically and experimentally. The effects of the operating conditions under various geometric shapes and array patterns of turbulence promoters on the permeate flux with hot inlet saline temperatures and flow rates as parameters were studied. The distributions of the fluid velocities were examined using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Experimental study has demonstrated a great potential to significantly accomplish permeate flux enhancement in such new design of the DCMD system. The permeate flux enhancement for the DCMD module by inserting 3D turbulence promoters in the flow channel could provide a maximum relative increment of up to 61.7% as compared to that in the empty channel device. The temperature polarization coefficient (τtemp) was found in this study for various geometric shapes and flow patterns. A larger τtemp value (the less thermal resistance) was achieved in the countercurrent-flow operation than that in the concurrent-flow operation. An optimal design of the module with inserting turbulence promoters was also delineated when considering both permeate flux enhancement and energy utilization effectiveness.