bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Tuyoq Buddhist Grottoes in Shanshan County, Xinjiang
Authors: Joint Archaeological Team Of Resear  , Academia Turfanica  , Kizil Research Institute
Published: July 2017

In 2010, excavations were conducted to the Tuyoq Grottoes located in Shanshan (Piqan) County, Xinjiang. The excavation uncovered about 2500sq m in total, from which remains of over 50 grottoes and attached architectures and one ground level Buddhist temple were recovered. In the remains, about 200sq m of murals were unearthed, as well as large amounts of fragments of manuscripts, silk paintings and wooden implements. The caves of the Tuyoq Grottoes were arranged as multistoried clusters centered by chaityas around which viharas, meditation caves and caves with other functions were opened. The two new-recovered chaityas would be opened around the fifth century and belonged to the Early Phase of Tuyoq Grottoes. The excavation to Tuyoq Grottoes provided precious materials for the researches on the ancient Buddhist cave temples and the history and cultures of the Turfan area.
The Laosicheng Site in Yongshun County, Hunan
Authors: Hunan Provincial Institute Of Cultu
Published: July 2017

Since 1995, four terms of survey and excavation have been conducted on the Laosicheng Site in Yongshun County, Hunan Province. It resulted in the preliminary clarification of the distribution of the functional areas within the city. The palace and government office areas were in the center of the city, around which were a residential area, a
The sunken ship “Nan’ao I” of the Ming Dynasty in Shantou City, Guangdong
Authors: National Research Center For Underw  , Guangdong Provincial Institute Of C  , Guangdong Museum
Published: July 2017

In April through July 2010, archaeological excavation was conducted to the sunken ship “Nan'ao I” of the Ming Dynasty in the sea area of Shantou (Swatow) City, Guangdong Province. The discovered ship body was about 20m long with 17 bulkheads and 16 compartments, the longest one of which was 7.5m in length. Over 10,000 pieces of artifacts of various categories were recovered, most of which were porcelains, followed by potteries, bronzes and iron and tin wares, as well as over 15,000 bronze coins. Most of the porcelains were blue-andwhite wares produced in Zhangzhou Kiln at the end of the 16th and the beginning of the 17th centuries, and the date of the sinking of the ship would be roughly the same. The discovery and recovering of “Nan'ao I” provided direct evidence for the researches on the material cultural interchanges among different civilizations and regions.
Excavation of the Yuyang Tomb of the Western Han Dynasty at Wangchengpo, Changsha, Hunan
Authors: Changsha Municipal Institute Of Cul  , Changsha Bamboo Slips Museum
Published: July 2017

In 1993, archaeologists carried out a rescue excavation to the Yuyang Tomb situated to the west of Xianjia Lake in Changsha City, Hunan. The graveyard covers an area of more than 1ha. Surrounding the main burial pit were three outer burial pits arranged to the east, west, and south into a triangular plan. The main body is a vertical rock pit tomb with a ramp passage and wooden coffins. It is in a 甲-shaped plan with a length of 37m, composed of an earth mound, a tomb passage, and a tomb chamber. The burial style was
The “Black Dragon Gate” site and Architectural Foundation No. 4 of Zuling Mausoleum precinct of the Liao Dynasty
Authors: Second Inner Mongolian Archaeologic  , Ia  , Cass  , Inner Mongolian Institute Of Cultur
Published: July 2017

In 2010, the Gate No. 1 and Architectural Foundation No. 4 of the Zuling Mausoleum precinct of the Liao Dynasty in Bairin Left Banner, Inner Mongolia are excavated. The excavation revealed that Gate No. 1 was composed of gateways, precinct walls, ramps, culverts and the lofty gate tower; it would be the “Heilong Men (Black Dragon Gate)” in the historic literature. Architectural Foundation No. 4 is in a roughly square plan and facing east; six column bases are found on each side, which means that the main body of the original architecture was composed of five bays both longitudinally and transversely. The porcelains, bronzes and iron wares unearthed from a pit (K1) to the east of this architectural foundation proved that it was an offering hall. This is the first excavation to the gates of the imperial mausoleums of the Liao Dynasty and has important academic meanings.
A study of Xiongnu tombs
Authors: Shan Yueying
Published: July 2017

This paper makes an in-depth analysis to the Xiongnu tombs in the light of recently discovered data and new achievements in the study of relevant issues. It comprises four parts: distribution and date, unearthed typical artifacts, structural features and burial ritual, and periodization and zoning. By analyzing the unearthed artifacts, this paper sums up the general characteristics (identity) and traditional regional elements of the Xiongnu culture. By studying the tomb types, coffin structures and burial customs, this paper makes conclusions on the general characteristics, burial ritual systems and regional differences of Xiongnu tombs and their hierarchies reflected from the tomb structure and grave goods. Finally, based on the grave goods and tomb features, as well as the evolution and the identity and variety of burial ritual systems, this paper divides the available Xiongnu tombs into the early (late 3rd century BCE to mid 1st century CE), transitional (mid 1st century to early 2nd century CE) and late (early 2nd century to mid 3rd century CE) phases and, geographically, into the area from Transbaikalia to the middle Yellow River valley, that in the middle and upper Yellow River valley and that in Semirechye, with the first area further divided into four sub-areas. This paper believes that the first area was the dominion of the Xiongnu Empire; the second one, the region of the South Xiongnu submitting to the Han Dynasty; and the third one, the territory where the North Xiongnu launched their activities after their westward migration.
A Study of ancient Tibetan gold and silver ware
Authors: Huo Wei
Published: July 2017

Tibetan gold and silver artworks were recorded in Tang literal documents and enjoyed a great fame throughout the world for their unique and exquisite styles, but their samples have been seldom discovered. Based on a study on the Tibetan gold and silver wares recently unearthed from Tibetan tombs in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and known from collections abroad, this paper believes that both historical records and archaeological discoveries proved the high accomplishments of Tibetan gold and silver crafts. Compared to gold and silver products made in the Central Plains of Tang China as well as in Central and Western Asia, the essence of the Tibetan articles can be said to have been roughly paralleling with those products in technological sense, which indicates that by that time Tibet had become an important production center of gold and silver wares in the East Asia. Tibetan gold and silver wares demonstrate clearly interaction and absorption among the cultural elements of Tibet and those of Tang China’s other regions as well as Sogdiana and Persia. Moreover, they reflect that Tibet in its annexing and expanding procedure came into close relationships with nomadic tribes in the steppes of northern and northwestern China.
The consumption, utilization and supply of sheep and goats at the late Shang Dynasty capital: a zooarchaeological study on the sheep and goat remains unearthed in the Yinxu area
Authors: Li Zhipeng
Published: July 2017

Based on morphological identifications of sheep and goat bones unearthed at Yinxu and statistical analyses of the Number of Identified Specimens (NISP), Minimum Number of Individuals (MNI), and ubiquities, this paper discusses the percentage of mutton in the diet of the residents in the capital of the late Shang Dynasty, the percentage of the sheep and goats used in animal sacrifices in burials, and the ratio between sheep and goats. Through the analysis of mortality profiles, this paper argues that the sheep and goats consumed by the residents of Yinxu were mostly juvenile individuals, matching the slaughter profile for sheep and goat husbandry aimed at meat consumption. The sources of the sheep and goats slaughtered for consumption were mainly from outside supplies. The sheep and goats in the animal victims were also mainly juvenile individuals, reflecting the funeral rituals of“ serving the dead as they were alive”.
The Chang mo Grottoes in Dinggyê County, Tibet
Authors: Cultural Relics Conservation Institute of Tibet Autonomous R
Published: July 2017

On August 19 through 25, 2011, Cultural Relics Conservation Institute of Tibet Autonomous Region and the China Tibetology Research Center made systematic surveys to the three grottoes in Zone I of Chang mo Grottoes. The Grotto 1 in Zone I is a single-chamber statue grotto in Ω-shaped plan, on the west, north and south walls of which clay sculptures and murals are found. Grotto 2 is a multi-chamber grotto, in which remains of clay sculptures and murals are found. Grotto 3 consists of two adjacent single-chamber grottoes, in both of which only murals are found. The discovery of this grotto group has very important reference values to the researches on the developments of the early Buddhism and Buddhist art in Tibet, even the progress of the Tibetan social history in the early Second Propagation of Buddhism. The sculptural format of Vajradhatu Mandala in these grottoes provided precious materials for the researches on the diffusion of Vajradhatu Mandala in Tibet, the development of Tibetan Vajrayana Buddhism and other relevant issues.
The Hualong Cave upper Paleolithic site in Dongzhi County, Anhui
Authors: Anhui Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeolog
Published: July 2017

The Hualong Cave Site of Paleolithic Age in Dongzhi County, Anhui Province yielded rich animal fossils, bone implements bearing clear processing traces and use-wears, and more than 100 pieces of stone implements. On the animal fossils, the animal gnawing marks and artificial cutting traces were found together; the stone implement assemblages and the preservation features of the animal fossils implied that these animal bones were utilized by the human beings, but these human beings were not hunters but scavengers eating remnants of the preys left by the predator animals. The stone implements of Hualong Cave Site were mainly made of siliceous rock and the choppers took smaller proportion than scrapers, showing the characteristics of the lithic industry in the late Paleolithic Age.
Excavation of the Neolithic city site at Zhangxiwan in Huangpi District, Wuhan
Authors: Hubei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeolog
Published: July 2017

In 2008, Hubei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and other institutions excavated Zhangxiwan Site, which is the latest and the easternmost Neolithic city site in the middle reach of the Yangtze River known to date. Based on the features of the potteries unearthed in the city site, the cultural remains of this city site can be divided into three phases corresponding to the early, middle and late phases of Shijiahe Culture. The city walls began to be built roughly in the early phase of Shijiahe Culture, but it was abandoned in the middle or late phases of Shijiahe Culture. The discovery of Zhangxiwan City Site provided important materials and brand-new prospect for the understandings to the development processes of the prehistoric cities and the deep causes of their construction and abandonment and the process of the civilization during the prehistoric period in the middle reach of the Yangtze River.
The mural tomb of the Northern Wei Dynasty at Yunboli in Datong City, Shanxi
Authors: Datong Municipal Institute of Archaeology
Published: July 2017

In April 2009, Datong Municipal Institute of Archaeology excavated a mural tomb of the Northern Wei Dynasty at Yunboli Neighborhood in the south of urban Datong City. This tomb was a single-chamber tomb comprising the long ramp passageway, the sealing wall, the entrance, the corridor and the chamber built in the popular style of the Pingcheng period of the Northern Wei Dynasty. The grave goods unearthed from this tomb included glazed potteries, stone implements, silver and bronze wares, iron implements and bone objects; the motifs of the murals were feasting and hunting scenes, honeysuckle patterns and dragon and phoenix designs, the contents and styles of which all have features of Tuoba Xianbei ethnic group.
Bronze casting techniques of the Erlitou Culture period
Authors: Lian Haiping , Tan Derui , Zheng Guang
Published: July 2017

Erlitou is an important site of pre-Qin cultural remains at which the earliest bronze casting workshops in China known to date were discovered. Based on the observation and analyses of the bronzes, pottery molds and foundry ladles, this paper discusses the bronze casting techniques of the Erlitou Site. The most noticeable characteristic of the bronzes unearthed at Erlitou is that their walls are thin but even, showing that at the time of the Erlitou Culture, bronze casting techniques had reached a rather high level: rational mold division and precise mold positioning techniques had appeared; the mold designs of some bronzes with simple shapes had fallen into patterns that saw continued use throughout the Bronze Age; the mold designs of bronzes with complex shapes (especially juecups) were not stereotyped and unchanging; and defects occurring in the casting process were corrected with a burning-on technique which was the incipient form of the cast-joining technique, an extremely important feature of pottery mold casting. The material components of the pottery molds and their processing techniques; the pottery mold positioning technique; and the pouring cups and foundry ladles found at Erlitou prove that the Erlitou Culture was capable of casting small bronze vessels with thin and even walls. These technical achievements reflect the fact that in the early Bronze Age, sophisticated pottery mold casting techniques existed in China, laying a firm technical foundation for the high development of bronze casting techniques during the Bronze Age.
The Implementation of Goffee and Jones’s Types of Organizational Culture in a Greek State-Owned Organization that Introduced New Technologies
Authors: Malagas Konstantinos , Gritzalis Stefanos , Nikitakos Nikitas , Fragoudaki Alexandra
Published: July 2017

Organizational culture plays a significant role in corporations. The introduction of new technologies creates significant changes and requires the contribution of an efficient organizational culture to produce positive results. The use of the various typologies of organizational culture can assist managers to identify the type of culture that is present in the organization and can provide useful guidelines on how to adapt to or change the existing culture, in order to make it more effective, particularly when introducing new technologies. Goffee and Jones (1996, 2003), based on the concepts of sociability and solidarity, proposed four types of culture: (a) networked, (b) mercenary, (c) communal, and (d) fragmented. This paper examines the development of these concepts and types of culture in a state-owned organization in Greece, following the organization’s decision to introduce significant new technologies. This organization had a unique blend of characteristics. Quantitative research was conducted using a questionnaire compiled specifically for this case. Factor analysis was used for statistical analysis of the data. While the introduction of new technologies was successfully completed, the findings of this study highlight certain features of sociability and solidarity and the types of culture that contain them, which have contributed to the successful introduction and adoption of new technologies.
Risk Management as Part of Crisis Management Tasks
Authors: Skomra Witold
Published: July 2017

The increasing number of natural disasters requires the use of preventive measures. One of the elements is the inclusion of risk management in crisis management. On the basis of this observation, the research problem was formulated: “In the light of new challenges, should the crisis management system continue to be built on the theory of crisis within the security sciences, or should it be based on risk management developed in the area of management sciences?” In summary, the answer to the question was provided, and a new definition of the concept of “crisis management” was proposed.
Poetic Style and Social Commitment in Niyi Osundare’s Songs of the Marketplace
Authors: Abdullahi Kadir Ayinde
Published: July 2017

This essay studies some of the poetic devices employed by Osundare to project social commitment and vision in Songs of the Marketplace. It examines how the poet’s deployment of style makes his poetry more accessible to a larger audience than that of his predecessors. Like the oral traditional performance, his poetry employs rich Yoruba oral literary devices in a way that is unique and glaringly innovative. Osundare’s radical poetic style has a clearly defined concept and role. It is also central to the resolution of the polemics of governance and politics in society. The pervasive theme of the collections remains a serious concern for hope out of the decadent situation that has eaten deep into the fabric of our social existence.
The eating quality of beef from young dairy bulls derived from two breed types at three ages from two different production systems
Authors: Nian Y. , Kerry J.P. , Prendiville R. , Allen P.
Published: July 2017

Expansion of the Irish dairy herd has led to more dairy breed male calves being available for beef production. This study investigated the physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of beef from Holstein-Friesian (HF) and Jersey × HF (JEX) young bulls fed pasture grass only or pasture grass plus 2 kg concentrate during their first grazing season and slaughtered at 15, 19 or 22 mo of age. Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscles were collected from 67 carcasses. Postmortem pH, ultimate pH (pHu), meat colour, chemical composition, collagen content and solubility were evaluated. After ageing for 21 d, Warner-Bratzler shear force and cooking loss were determined, and assessments by a trained sensory panel were conducted. Meat from older animals was darker. The pHu, moisture and ash contents decreased, while residual roast beef flavour length increased with age. However, increasing age to slaughter did not negatively influence tenderness. JEX beef had lower cooking loss, was darker and redder, in addition to having higher sensory scores for initial tenderness and fattiness than HF beef. Warner-Bratzler variables were positively correlated with cooking loss and chewiness and were negatively correlated with intramuscular fat (IMF) content, soluble collagen and initial tenderness. In summary, most young dairy bull beef samples were acceptably tender after 21 d of ageing and half of them had acceptable IMF content. Slaughter age affected beef colour, pHu, chemical composition and flavour length. The eating quality of meat from the JEX breed type was considered to be superior to that of the HF breed type. Diet during the first season had no effect on meat quality traits.
Numerical Simulation of the Supersonic Disk-Gap-Band Parachute by Using Implicit Coupling Method
Authors: Yang Xue , Yu Li , Shen Cheng , Zhao Xiao Shun
Published: July 2017

The implicit coupling method is applied to model the 0.8 m disk-band-gap parachute at Mach 2.0. The fluid and structure governing equations are solved by the Lower-Upper Symmetric Gauss-Seidel (LU-SGS) algorithm and Newmark scheme, respectively. By exchanging the numerical results of the coupling surface with Gauss-Seidel algorithm, high accuracy solutions at every physical time step are obtained. The numerical results of the canopy drag coefficient and projected area fit well with the wind tunnel test results. The simulation reproduces the shock oscillation and breathing phenomenon of the canopy that are usually observed in these systems at Mach 2.0. Furthermore, it is found that the unstable saddle point is the main reason for the shock oscillation of the canopy. And the unsynchronized phases of the canopy area and shock oscillation curves lead to the drag of the canopy oscillate in irregular state.
Passive House
Authors: Ionescu George-Lucian
Published: July 2017

This paper outlines for construction specialists the concept of "passive house", presenting the actual status of research and breakthroughs within this field within the country and abroad but also the directives of the European Council and European Parliament regarding this concept. Last, but certainly not least, it showcases some of the flaws of the European Directive regarding passive houses, because it fails to bring forth viable solutions for a number of dire issues.
Mechanical State of Multi-Story Structures Induced by Wind Action
Authors: Blaga F. , Ladar I.
Published: July 2017

Objective of the present study is to define the dynamic mechanical response of multi-story structures acted upon by wind. Structural response is associated to the dynamically applied wind and is approached by considering its three components: static, kinematic and energy states. Proposed objective is achieved by structural dynamic analyses performed on multi-story steel structures in elastic domain. The dynamic model is the multi-degree of freedom system associated to lateral story level displacements. Dynamic forces are computed from recorded velocities of wind through a simple velocity – pressure – force transform. The matriceal differential equation of wind induced vibratory state is dealt with by both, direct integration and modal decomposition. The three components of the mechanical state are expressed via base shear force – the static state, lateral story-level displacements – the kinematic state and wind induced energy – the energy state. Modal decomposition of the dynamic response allows for immediate computation of modal contribution to the total wind response. Computed values of the parameters are numerically and graphically presented and commented. Relevant conclusions are inferred.
New Imaging-Based Tools for the Assessment of Ventricular Function in Ischemic Heart Diseases
Authors: Bordi Lehel , Kovács István , Bajka Balázs , Blendea Ciprian , Rat Nora , Benedek Annabell , Suciu Zsuzsanna , Benedek Imre
Published: July 2017

Ischemic heart disease morbidity and mortality are closely related to global and regional left ventricular function. The evaluation of left ventricular global function is a relevant part in the evolution of ischemic heart disease because it plays a significant role in prognosis prediction and patient management after revascularization. Regional function is also a critical part of the evolution, offering a possible and reliable mode for the assessment of myocardial disease. Currently several techniques for the evaluation of left ventricular parameters and function are in use. In this review we will discuss and compare currently available methods for the evaluation of global and regional left ventricular function such as 2D and 3D echocardiography, 3D speckle-tracking echocardiography, multi-slice computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.
Positive Remodeling as a Biomarker of Plaque Vulnerability — at the Border Between Invasive and Noninvasive Assessment
Authors: Nyulas Tiberiu , Morariu Mirabela , Chițu Monica , Stănescu Alexandra , Jáni Laura , Benedek Edvin , Cernica Daniel , Himcimschi Elisabeta , Benedek Annabell , Benedek Imre
Published: July 2017

Since the introduction of the new concepts of plaque vulnerability and patient vulnerability, many researchers have focused on different biomarkers that can represent predictors for coronary plaque instability. One of the features that characterize the vulnerable coronary plaque is positive remodeling, which can be easily identified by computed tomography angiography, a noninvasive procedure, or by other invasive methods such as intravascular ultrasound. This review aims to describe the assessment of positive remodeling as a marker of coronary plaque instability and the differences between computed tomography angiography and intravascular ultrasound in investigating this new biomarker.
ACL Primary Repair with Bone Marrow Stimulation and Growth Factors. A Review of Literature
Authors: Tatu Romulus Fabian , Hurmuz Mihai , Miu Cătălin Adrian
Published: July 2017

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures represent a common pathology, especially in young and active patients. Spontaneous repair, although reported in some studies, is altered by local conditions, thus emerges the need to perform reconstruction of the ACL. It is reported that 3,430 primary reconstructions and around 267 revisions are performed yearly in Sweden. Some reconstructions result in biological failure, which represents the inability of the graft to incorporate and remodel in order to perform its role as a knee stabilizer. Orthobiology, a new concept that includes growths factors, stem cells, and different scaffolds, could represent a solution to a better outcome of this procedure. This manuscript is a review of different therapeutic strategies used for enabling ACL regeneration, including in vitro ACL-bio-enhanced repair that is currently being developed. Substantial progress is to be expected in the area of ACL surgery.
Waste Management at the End of the Stone Age
Authors: Havlíček Filip , Kuča Martin
Published: July 2017

This article describes examples of waste management systems from archaeological sites in Europe and the Middle East. These examples are then contextualized in the broader perspectives of environmental history. We can confidently claim that the natural resource use of societies predating the Lower Palaeolithic was in equilibrium with the environment. In sharp contrast stand communities from the Upper Palaeolithic and onwards, when agriculture appeared and provided opportunities for what seemed like unlimited expansion.
Declared and Undeclared Wars
Authors: Värk René
Published: July 2017

Occasionally, people characterise foreign military interventions as “undeclared wars”. It is not entirely clear what is the meaning and value of such a qualification, but it seems that they want to add an extra weight to their condemnation. Still, does it have legal significance? At times, international law demanded that States issued a declaration of war before the commencement of hostilities but the obligation was mostly ignored for varied reasons. Notably, between two world wars, States avoided certain legal obligations (e.g. the prohibition to use war, the rules of warfare) by not declaring or otherwise recognising a state of war. After the Second World War, considering the earlier abuses, States redesigned the international legal regulations in a way that the declaration of war became practically irrelevant when it comes to the legality or illegality of the use of armed force, or to the application of law.
‘We don’t talk Gypsy here’: Minority language policies in Europe
Authors: New William S. , Kyuchukov Hristo , Villiers Jill de
Published: July 2017

The Roma constitute an ideal case of educational injustice meeting linguistic difference, racism, social marginalization, and poverty. This paper asks whether human-rights or capabilities approaches are best suited to address issues related to the language education of Roma students in Europe. These children are disadvantaged by not growing up with the standard dialect of whatever language is preferred by the mainstream population, and by the low status of the Romani language, and non-standard dialect of the standard language they usually speak. We examine language education for Roma students in Croatia, the Czech Republic, and Bulgaria, describing similarities and differences across contexts. We explain weak and strong version of language rights arguments, and the ways these principles are expressed, and not expressed in education policies. Sen’s capabilities approach can be employed to generate contextualized visions of education reform that speak directly to disadvantages suffered by Roma children.
Fluids, cages, and boisterous femininity: The grotesque transgression of patriarchal norms in Angela Carter’s Nights at the Circus
Authors: Abdullah Md Abu Shahid
Published: July 2017

The article will show that in Nights at the Circus, Carter’s use of the themes of food consumption and excrement operate as both a grotesque means of emancipation from a feminine point-of-view, and a carnivalesque challenge to subversive patriarchal norms and deconstruction of arbitrary patriarchal hierarchies. By turning the simple act of eating into boisterous spectacle, and by handling a bottle of champagne and water hose in a disturbingly masculine manner, Fevvers transgresses the boundary between masculinity and femininity, sheds the patriarchal constraints imposed upon femininity, and thus achieves agency and emancipation. Since she is not able to acquire biological signifier of masculinity, she achieves the transgression of the binary entirely through the performative carnivalesque. The article will also discuss that the overflowing nature of grotesque femininity (both physical and behavioral) enables the female characters to speak and act at their own will, and thus performs as a means of critiquing Victorian patriarchal cultural norms.
Human trafficking: Commercial sexual exploitation and forced domestic labour in African literature
Authors: Urama Evelyn Nwachukwu , Nwachukwu Chukwuka Ogbu
Published: July 2017

Just like social occurrences such as human sacrifice and slavery enhanced retardation of progress in Africa in the past, trafficking is another social occurrence addressed in contemporary African literature that impedes progress and tarnishes the image of the victims. Human trafficking is rampant in Africans and some part of the world in this 21st century. This paper examines how Akachi Adimora-Ezeigbo’s Trafficked (2008) and Chika Unigwe’s On Black Sisters′ Street (2009) highlight social occurrences and how they contribute to the spread of girl trafficking in Africa. It also explores how both men and women are partners in trafficking, forming trafficking networks that lure girls from Nigeria to Europe and make huge profits from their misery. These pimps use ‘juju magic’ and rituals as a threat to exert complete control over the girls and also to ensure their compliance. The trafficked girls share their life experiences by telling their tales of woes exposing the shame that accompanies the sex trade and the stigmatization they suffer in the society. Their experiences are presented by the authors to highlight the trafficked girls′ pains, misery and struggle for freedom in order to appeal to everybody in the society to fight against human trafficking. The paper also examines how these exploited and depressed trafficked girls that have lost their self-esteem can still live fulfilled lives if government agencies and nongovernmental organizations come to their rescue.
Classification lattices are geometric for complete atomistic lattices
Authors: Mao Hua
Published: July 2017

We characterize complete atomistic lattices whose classification lattices are geometric. This implies an proper solution to a problem raised by S. Radeleczki in 2002.
Outer measure on effect algebras
Authors: Singh Akhilesh Kumar
Published: July 2017

In the present paper, the notion of an outer measure m
* on lattice ordered effect algebras L is introduced and investigated. Carathéodory’s criterion for the outer measure m
* is given and established on L. Properties of an induced outer measure m
* defined on a lattice ordered effect algebra L are studied and finally, Choquet theorem is proved for the induced outer measure m
* on a σ-complete lattice ordered effect algebra L.
Comparison of ψ-porous topologies
Authors: Łazarow Ewa , Rychert Krystian , Turowska Małgorzata
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this paper is to study the notion of a ψ-porosity point and ψ-porosity topology, generated by it analogously to the porosity topology on the real line. The paper includes a necessary and sufficient conditions under which two ψ-porous topologies generated by two functions ψ
1 and ψ
2 are equal. The condition is formulated in terms of the behavior of two sequences of sets

A
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:

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1

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)
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2

(
x
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 and 

B
k

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:

ψ
2

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$\begin{array}{}
A_k=\{x\in(0,\infty)\colon\psi_1(x) \lt \frac{1}{k}\psi_2(x)\} \text{ and } B_k=\{x\in(0,\infty)\colon\psi_2(x) \lt \frac{1}{k}\psi_1(x)\}.
\end{array}$
Some applications of first-order differential subordinations
Authors: Nunokawa Mamoru , Sokół Janusz
Published: July 2017

In this work we present a new geometric approach to some problems in differential subordination theory. In the paper some sufficient conditions for function to be starlike or univalent or to be in the class of Carathéodory functions are obtained. We also discuss the new results closely related to the generalized Briot-Bouquet differential subordination.
Nonoscillation and exponential stability of the second order delay differential equation with damping
Authors: Berezansky Leonid , Domoshnitsky Alexander , Gitman Mikhail , Stolbov Valery
Published: July 2017

For a delay differential equationx¨(t)+a(t)x˙(t)+∑k=1mbk(t)x(gk(t))=0,gk(t)≤t,$$\ddot{x}(t) + a(t)\dot{x}(t)+ \displaystyle\sum\limits_{k=1}^m b_k(t)x(g_k(t))=0, g_k(t)\leq t, $$a generalized Riccati inequality is constructed for nonoscillation and exponential stability of the differential equation.
On a subclass of Bazilevic functions
Authors: Raza Mohsan , Ul Haq Wasim
Published: July 2017

In this paper, we introduce a subclass of analytic functions in the open unit disc. This class generalizes the class of Bazilevic functions of order α. We find arc length, coefficient bounds, coefficient difference, growth result, qth Hankel determinant of this class of functions.
First-Hands’ Contribution in Business Inquiry Based on Qualitative Inquiry of Assessing Environmentalism Initiatives
Authors: Behjati Saeed
Published: July 2017

This is a report paper, provides the key philosophies of underpinning qualitative methodology, which is utilized in business inquiry of assessing corporate environmentalism initiatives. It begins with an overview of research philosophy and ontology/epistemological platforms and the choice of inductive method that shapes the ways to conduct social inquiry. It follows by description of case study design, including the purists and pragmatists’ debate on case study research and justification of the required data and collection methods. The end up is details analysing techniques of collected data and validity/reliability leverage.
Challenges and Optimism for Sustainable Research Capacity in Sierra Leone
Authors: Jackson Emerson Abraham
Published: July 2017

This article has provided a non-empirical approach in addressing the potential for sustainable research at all levels in Sierra Leone. It is an indisputable fact that remnants of the civil crisis and more lately, the Ebola crisis have contributed to the country’s under-developed research potential, more so at higher education level where the pace seemed to be slow in comparison to other countries in the West African sub-region. The country is making some strides in forging ahead with efforts being placed by individuals / institutions to improve opportunities for high level research in the country, but such a venture is faced with serious challenges. Highlights of some of the challenges include development of institutional capacity, strong strategic management capacity, and development in human capacity. Recommendations have also suggested attention focused on the building of strong institutional capacity and investment as the way forward in the sustained pathway of the country’s development.
Eliminating the secondary earner bias. Policy lessons from the introduction of partial individual taxation in Sweden in 1971
Authors: Gunnarsson Åsa , Eriksson Martin
Published: July 2017

This paper examines the different elements included in the Swedish partial individual taxation reform in 1971. The purpose is to identify what policy lessons this reform holds for contemporary tax policy in the European Union member states that currently apply joint tax and benefit provisions. Even though contemporary circumstances have changed in relation to the historical context for Swedish reform, the common strand is that the provisions create both inactivity incentives on the labor market and low income traps for secondary earners. We suggest that a shift to individual taxation should be a part of family and social policies that promote gender equality, and that in turn should be consolidated within a sustainable idea about tax fairness.
The Information Practices of the Fishermen in the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh
Authors: Shuva Nafiz Zaman
Published: July 2017

Utilizing de Certeau’s concepts of “tactics” and “strategies,” and Chatman’s “information poverty,” this study examines the information practices of the fishermen in the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. Using faceto- face surveys, this study gathers data from 102 fishermen in the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. The findings of the study reveal that the majority of fishermen (“fisher folks”) studied regularly need information on weather, fish buying and selling prices, daily consumable products, entertainment, and religion. Fisher folks in this study heavily rely on their informal information networks (e.g., family and friends) to meet their diverse information needs. The study also reports various information challenges faced by the participants. It is evident in this study that fisher folks, due to unwelcoming information environment of strategic institutions (e.g., various government agencies), tactically avoid services and information provided by them. A call for radical change in “information service culture” (i.e., offering information to only educated, the dominant group of the society) has been emphasized by the author of the paper. The study also highlights the importance of offering appropriate, need-based, welcoming information services to rural communities by various government information agencies including public libraries. It is expected that this study will help researchers design studies aimed at exploring the “tactical information practices” of various unprivileged groups such as victims of domestic violence, ready-made garments worker, sex workers, etc., who have diverse socioeconomic and political backgrounds.
The Risk of Hydrogen Explosion an a Submarine Part 3 Production of Hydrogen Mixes
Authors: Kłos Ryszard
Published: July 2017

This series of articles presents the problems associated with the conduction of a high-risk project aimed at modernising the hydrogen combustion engines on a submarine. The article describes technical issues connected with obtaining hydrogen-air mixes.
The Support of Underwater Works with the Use of Remotely Operated Vehicles On the Example of Works Conducted On the Wreck of the Fishing Boat WŁA-127
Authors: Dawidziuk Marek , Olejnik Adam
Published: July 2017

The article demonstrates use of underwater remotely operated vehicles during an underwater visual inspection of a sunken vessel. The presented tasks were carried out in the course of underwater works performed from a Polish navy rescue vessel on the fishing boat WŁA-127. The discussed examples include a visual inspection of the sunken vessel and the support offered to Polish Navy rescue divers as they carried out underwater works.
The Evaluation of Sanitary-Epidemiological Service Conditions On a Submarine
Authors: Żychliński Michał , Siermontowski Piotr , Olszański Romuald
Published: July 2017

Service on a submarine is the most stressful and psychologically challenging form of military service. It is characterised by specific living and sanitaryepidemiological conditions which are far from typical. This work is based on the analyses of reports formulated from research conducted by a working environment laboratory, and on the control protocols of the sanitary supervision and control team (WOMP) Gdynia, from the Kobben submersible vessels in the years 2014 and 2015. Military Centres of Preventive Medicine hold supervision over Military Units pursuant to generally applicable regulations in the civil environment and standardised NATO norms. Measurements concern the level of noise, mechanical vibrations, chemical agents, electromagnetic radiation, physiochemical and biological water and kitchenware tests. The objective of the research is to evaluate the service conditions on a submersible vessel with regard to sanitary-epidemiological aspects such as exposure to infectious and occupational diseases. In selected stations, the conducted measurements indicate an increased level of noise, electromagnetic radiation and excess quantities of bacteria colonies on kitchenware.
The Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy On the Level of Lipid Peroxides in Rat Brains
Authors: Doboszyński Tadeusz , Łokucijewski Bogdan
Published: July 2017

The problem of oxygen toxicity, and its effect on the nervous system, is an important topic with regard to the application of oxygen and breathing mixes in the pursuit of diving, as well as in the light of the striking synergy between the effects of oxygen and ionising radiation. Studies on the level of lipid peroxides were performed on rat brains. The animals were subjected to exhaustive physical strain in a pressure chamber and oxygen at the pressure between 0-3 atm for the period of 25-60 minutes. Parallel research was conducted on rested animals. Following the dissection, the brain was homogenised and the levels of lipid peroxides were determined using the Wollman method with TBA. In animals subjected to physical effort over the specified time, no deviations in the levels of lipid peroxides were observed in comparison to the control group. An increase in lipid peroxide level was noted in rats manifesting oxygen toxicity symptoms. On the basis of the above findings, the authors presume that the growth of lipid peroxides in the brain in cases subjected to hyperbaric oxygenation should be recognised as a far-reaching harmful effect of oxygen, occurring after enzymatic damage and the violation of cellular antioxidant protection. At low oxygen overpressures, no deviations in the levels of lipid peroxides were noted as compared to the control group.
Possibilities of Spatial Data to Determine the Extent of the Occupancy of the Right-of-Way by Large-Format Advertisements
Authors: Bieda Agnieszka , Kwartnik-Pruc Anita , Puniach Edyta
Published: July 2017

Large-format advertisements are becoming a more and more common element of building facades, especially in city centers. Placing an object of this type is not without significance to the real property management. A large-format advertising billboard on the facade, on the one hand, is associated with the possibility of renting advertising space, on the other - it can lead to the occupancy of a right-of-way, which results in a necessity to pay appropriate fees, in the amount regulated by the Act on Public Roads. Placing an object such as a large-format advertising billboard in a right-of-way requires a permit of the manager of this road. However, if a billboard is located on the facade of a building, occupancy of the right-of-way is not always the case. If the boundary of the road parcel runs along the contour of the building, a billboard placed on the elevation will always occupy the right-of-way. However, property boundaries often run at a distance from the building. Such situations - desired by managers - result in a noticeable increase in demand for surveying opinions to determine what part of the right-of-way is occupied by a large-format advertisement. This article analyzes the cases of the right-of-way being occupied by large-format advertising placed on the facades of buildings in the city center. For selected objects, information was obtained from public records, National Cartographic Documentation Center database, and direct surveying was performed with various techniques. This allowed for an objective assessment of the possible use of available surveying methods and the acquired spatial data to determine the right-of-way occupied by large-format advertisements for purposes of real estate management.
Analysis of the Legal Methods of Agricultural Land Protection in Central Europe On the Example of Poland and Bulgaria
Authors: Pawlikowska Elżbieta , Popek Paulina , Bieda Agnieszka , Moteva  , Stoeva Ana
Published: July 2017

For the management of agricultural real properties to be effective, it is required that information about the natural conditions and the existing infrastructure supporting agricultural production, as well as knowledge of the regional traditions, be provided. The management itself should also be based on sound legislation. Due to the fact that agricultural real properties are subject to special legal protection, this article aimed to analyze and assess the methods of managing agricultural real property in the new EU member states on the example of Poland and Bulgaria. This objective was implemented by presenting the structure of agricultural land and the state of agriculture, describing the agrarian reforms, determining the current role of spatial planning and the binding regulations in the management of agricultural land resources, as well as a description of the current surveying procedures. Basing on the outlined comparative characteristics, SWOT/TOWS analysis was performed. The result of this comparative study is the highlighting of the problems and recommendations for the management of agricultural properties in Poland and Bulgaria.
Housing Resources and Needs in Light of Modern Urban Transformations: the Case of Poznan
Authors: Palicki Sławomir
Published: July 2017

Polish cities have been at the stage of a dynamic suburban development for over a decade (which has led to the phenomenon of urban sprawl beyond any control). The population of big urban areas, together with their agglomerations is continuously increasing; however, migration tendencies towards suburban areas are strong as well. In such a situation, the question arises regarding the possibilities and the methods of suppressing the outflow of people to the neighboring communities, and once again, making the city an attractive place to live. The attempt to explain such an issue requires research into both the housing infrastructure and its inhabitants. Poznan has been severely affected by suburbanization. The diagnosis and assessment of Poznan housing resources and the preferences of its inhabitants are the starting point for taking further steps in making the housing conditions more attractive. The article shows the initial results of widespread research regarding housing in the capital city of the Wielkopolska Province (comprising over 2,500 households). A similar study for the entire agglomeration (Poznan County) is due to be completed soon. It will allow for a comparative analysis and formulating recommendations regarding the conditions and the direction of changes on the real estate market which would increase the attractiveness of central cities suffering from suburbanization. In a wider context, the publication might be seen as an analysis of one of the elements of modern urban changes, such as either market driven, or free and spontaneous processes of urban sprawl, and conscious actions taken by local governments (together with developers) regarding the integrated urban revitalization policy.