bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic upgrade of atypical ductal hyperplasia of the breast based on evaluation of histopathological features and calcification on core needle biopsy
Authors: Chen Lin‐Ying , Hu Jintao , Tsang Julia Y S , Lee Michelle A , Ni Yun‐Bi , Chan Siu‐Ki , Tse Gary M K
Published: April 2019

Aims

Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) of breast is increasingly diagnosed in core needle biopsy (CNB). As higher‐grade lesions were found in the excision in a substantial proportion of ADH on CNB, factors predicting risk of subsequent upgrade are clinically significant. This study aims to investigate relevant histopathological factors in CNB that could predict diagnostic upgrade at excision.

Methods and results

One hundred and forty‐three cases of CNB with paired subsequent excision were evaluated for multiple clinicopathological parameters related to CNB sampling, ADH morphology, calcification and other co‐existing histological features, and which of these parameters were associated with diagnostic upgrade at subsequent excisions were determined. Forty‐eight cases (34.3%) were upgraded to malignancy, including 15 invasive cancers and 33 ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS). An increased tissue area occupied by ADH (P = 0.026), a higher number of ADH foci (P = 0.004), the presence of solid pattern (P = 0.037) and older age (P = 0.012) were positively associated with upgrade, while negative associations were found with the presence of micropapillary pattern (P = 0.025), co‐existing columnar cell lesions (CCL) (P = 0.001) and the presence of calcifications (P = 0.009). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the number of ADH foci (HR = 2.810, P = 0.013) was an independent positive predictor, while co‐existing CCL (HR = 0.391, P = 0.013) was an independent negative predictor for upgrade.

Conclusions

Patients with ADH in CNB showing the presence of co‐existing CCL and a lower number of ADH foci have a lower risk of disease upgrade at excision, and are potential candidates for observation‐only management.
Slave, Sister, Sexborg, Sphinx: Feminine Figurations in Nick Land's Philosophy
Authors: Le Vincent
Published: April 2019

Given that Nick Land is one of the central influences on certain strands of accelerationism, xenofeminism, and inhumanism, it is important to understand how he himself first developed and deployed the concepts of acceleration, the feminine, and the inhuman, which others would go on to appropriate for their own purposes. This article will trace the four feminine figures throughout Land's philosophical trajectory, which he sees as agents for accelerating the transcendental critique of both anthropocentrism and phallocentrism: the slave turned lesbian; the sister; the sexborg; and the Sphinx. Having elucidated the importance of these figures for Land's thought, this article will conclude by drawing upon the younger Land's feminist resources to immanently critique the disappearance of women from his more recent neoreactionary philosophy in favor of concessions to patriarchal traditionalists.
Diagnostic value of CD34 and calretinin immunostaining in the diagnosis of proliferating tricholemmal tumor and trichoblastoma
Authors: Sardiña Luis A. , Piliang Melissa , Bergfeld Wilma F.
Published: April 2019

Background

Proliferating tricholemmal tumor (PTT) is a rare neoplasm of controversial biological behavior for which distinction from other more common tumors is essential. Similarly, trichoblastoma (TB) remains a debatable entity that may represent a variation of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Our goal is to correlate the staining pattern of calretinin and CD34 in these two follicular tumors vs. their major differential diagnoses, invasive squamous cell carcinoma (ISCC) and BCC.

Method

Descriptive study of 68 cases: 6 PTT, 22 TB, 20 ISCC, and 20 BCC in a period of 15 years. The diagnosis was confirmed with H&E. The immunohistochemistry results were analyzed and scored positive (weak +, moderate ++, and strong +++) or negative.

Results

Calretinin was expressed in 4/6 cases of PTT and negative in all TB. Only one malignant case of PTT was positive for CD34 (1/2) and negative in all TB cases. Calretinin and CD34 were negative for all ISCC and BCC. The intensities are shown in tables.

Conclusion

The diagnosis of these neoplasms is a morphologic diagnosis. However, in those cases where the morphologic aspect is difficult to interpret, calretinin may assist in the diagnosis of PTT, distinguishing the hair follicle tumors with an outer root sheath differentiation. Likewise, CD34 showed significant affinity for the malignant subset of PTT. Calretinin and CD34 did not add any value to the differentiation between TB and BCC. However, this might suggest that both are the same entity with a different morphological permutation.
Three‐dimensional densification measurement of Vickers‐indented glass using digital holographic tomography
Authors: Sung Yongjin , Yoshida Satoshi , Kato Yoshinari , Kurkjian Chuck
Published: April 2019

We have used digital holographic tomography (DHT) to study the refractive index (density) changes occurring under Vickers indentations in silica, soda‐lime, and non‐alkaline aluminoborosilicate glasses. The measurements confirm that the maximum refractive index (density) is not constant but increases with load up to 300 gf. At higher loads (500 gf and 1 kgf), a subsurface (median) crack in soda‐lime glass is observed with no apparent surface trace. The appearance of this crack reduces the maximum refractive index (density) observed. In addition, the vertical cross section of the 3D refractive index (density) map has been successfully obtained using a square fiber sample and lateral observation. These results clearly demonstrate a promising potential of DHT to evaluate the shape and the density distribution of the structurally modified zone in a Vickers‐indented glass.
Let them sleep: The effects of a scheduled nap during the night shift on sleepiness and cognition in hospital nurses
Authors: Zion Nataly , Shochat Tamar
Published: April 2019

Aims

The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a scheduled 30‐min nap and its interaction with individual factors on sleepiness and cognition during an 8‐hr night shift.

Design

This prospective, within‐subjects study conducted between 2011–2014 compared sleepiness and cognition with/without a nap during the night shift, in 109 female nurses, tested on two nights with and two nights without a nap in counterbalanced order.

Methods

Nurses completed the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire for Shiftwork, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Pre‐Sleep Arousal Scale at study onset. They reported sleepiness hourly and performed the Digit Symbol Substitution and the Letter Cancellation Tasks at 3:00 and 7:00 a.m. They took a nap at 4:00 a.m. on nap nights and worked as usual on no‐nap nights. Sleep–wake patterns were monitored using actigraphs 24 hr before and during the shift. Caffeine consumption, workload and adverse events were reported. To assess the effectiveness of a scheduled nap, mixed‐models and repeated measures analyses of variance were used.

Results

Lower levels of sleepiness were found at 5:00, 6:00 and 7:00 a.m. on nap versus no‐nap nights. Increments in performance between 3:00–7:00 a.m. were significantly greater on nap versus no‐nap nights for Digit Symbol Substitution Task correct responses and Letter Cancellation Task capacity. No interactions between the nap and any of the individual factors emerged.

Conclusion

A scheduled nap provides an effective countermeasure against the negative consequences of night‐time shift work in female nurses above and beyond interpersonal differences.

Impact

Changes in attitude and policy are required to implement this beneficial and cost‐effective strategy.

Trial registration number: ACTRN12618001857291.
Partners' experiences of living with a person with an eating disorder: A grounded theory study
Authors: O'Connor Patricia , Daly Louise , Higgins Agnes
Published: April 2019

Aim

To explore the experiences of intimate partners of people with an eating disorder.

Design

Qualitative grounded theory study.

Methods

In‐depth interviews were conducted with 18 partners of people with an eating disorder from 2013–2016. Data were analysed using the principles of classic grounded theory including, concurrent data collection and analysis, theoretical sampling, constant comparative analysis and memo writing.

Results

Partners encounter disruptions to their lives when their significant other experiences an eating disorder. As a result, partners engage in a four‐stage cyclical process involving: encountering a disruption; becoming an informed self; countering the disruption and reclaimed livability. By engaging in this process partners learn to support their significant other, remain committed to the relationship and recover their own lives. The process is drawn together and defined as the theory of ‘Reconstructing Livability’.

Conclusion

The theory of ‘Reconstructing Livability’ provides a unique conceptualization of the experiences of partners who are living with a person with an eating disorder. It highlights the challenges faced by partners when supporting the recovery of their significant other and the intimate relationship, while reclaiming their own lives.

Impact

This study addresses the dearth of knowledge and understanding of partners' experiences. Partners engage in a process to enable them support recovery of their significant other and their own lives, but this is hindered by the challenges and unmet needs they experience. The theory provides a basis on which nurses can provide effective and timely supports to partners.
The Burden of Breast Cancer Predisposition Variants Across The Age Spectrum Among 10 000 Patients
Authors: Chavarri‐Guerra Yanin , Hendricks Carolyn B. , Brown Sandra , Marcum Catherine , Hander Mary , Segota Zdenka E. , Hake Chris , Sand Sharon , Slavin Thomas P. , Hurria Arti , Soto‐Perez‐de‐Celis Enrique , Nehoray Bita , Blankstein Kenneth B. , Blazer Kathleen R. , Weitzel Jeffrey N. ,   for the Clinical Cancer Genomics Community Research Network
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

Women diagnosed with breast cancer (BC) at an older age are less likely to undergo genetic cancer risk assessment and genetic testing since the guidelines and referrals are biased toward earlier age at diagnosis. Thus, we determined the prevalence and type of pathogenic cancer predisposition variants among women with a history of BC diagnosed at the age of 65 years or older vs younger than 65 years.

DESIGN

Prospective registration cohort.

SETTING

The Clinical Cancer Genomics Community Research Network, including 40 community‐based clinics in the United States and 5 in Latin America.

PARTICIPANTS

Women with BC and genetic testing results.

MEASUREMENTS

Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical variables, and genetic profiles were compared between women aged 65 years and older and those younger than 65 years at BC diagnosis.

RESULTS

Among 588 women diagnosed with BC and aged 65 years and older and 9412 diagnosed at younger than 65 years, BC‐associated pathogenic variants (PVs) were detected in 5.6% of those aged 65 years and older (n = 33) and 14.2% of those younger than 65 years (n = 1340) (P < .01). PVs in high‐risk genes (eg, BRCA1 and BRCA2) represented 81.1% of carriers among women aged 65 years and older (n = 27) and 93.1% of those younger than 65 years (n = 1248) (P = .01). BRCA2 PVs represented 42.4% of high‐risk gene findings for those aged 65 years and older, whereas BRCA1 PVs were most common among carriers younger than 65 years (49.7%). PVs (n = 7) in moderate‐risk genes represented 21.2% for carriers aged 65 years and older and 7.3% of those younger than 65 years (n = 98; P < .01). CHEK2 PVs were the most common moderate‐risk gene finding in both groups.

CONCLUSION

Clinically actionable BC susceptibility PVs, particularly in BRCA2 and CHEK2, were relatively prevalent among older women undergoing genetic testing. The significant burden of PVs for older women with BC provides a critical reminder to recognize the full spectrum of eligibility and provide genetic testing for older women, rather than exclusion based on chronological age alone. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:884–888, 2019.
Evaluation of tuberculin skin test (TST) in vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) using experimentally tuberculin sensitized animals
Authors: Hablolvarid Mohammad Hassan , Eslampanah Mohammad , Mosavari Nader , Baradaran‐Seyed Zahra
Published: April 2019

Background

Nowadays, several test methods with different useful values are available for diagnosis of the tuberculosis (TB) in non‐human primates (NHPs). Despite some limitations of tuberculin skin test (TST), it is still the most commonly used method for TB testing of NHPs.

Methods

During this investigation, TST was performed upon three groups of experimentally tuberculin sensitized and one group of non‐sensitized vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) by means of two types of old tuberculin (OT) and two types of purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin.

Results

The data obtained from this study revealed that PPD tuberculin prepared from both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis has more advantages over OT in tuberculin testing of the vervet monkeys. The potency of the PPD tuberculin prepared from M bovis was estimated almost twice as much of the M tuberculosis.

Conclusions

Intrapalpebral injection of 0.1 mL of a concentration of ≥1 mg/mL of PPD tuberculin prepared from M bovis is the preferred method for TST of vervet monkeys.
Development and evaluation of novel topical gel of neem extract for the treatment of bacterial infections
Authors: Raju Dhidhin , Jose Jobin
Published: April 2019

Background

The microspheres are one of the major formulations in the novel drug delivery systems. These days' scientists are predominantly focusing on natural plant products because of the poisonous effect of synthetic drug molecules. From olden days itself, neem has some excellent antibacterial activities.

Aims

The main objective of the research work was to formulate microspheres containing methanolic extract of neem and incorporate it into a gel. The optimized gel was evaluated for its antibacterial activity.

Methods

The methanolic extract of the neem leaves was prepared by maceration process. The microspheres prepared were evaluated for shape, size of particles, and in vitro drug release. Out of all the formulations, the F5 formulation was found to be optimized; therefore, it was incorporated into the gel and evaluated for the in vitro permeation studies, in vivo skin irritation test, in vitro antibacterial activity studies, and accelerated stability studies.

Results

The prepared gel formulation showed an acceptable zone of inhibition when compared to the pure drug in in vitro antibacterial activity studies. The skin irritation study on albino Wistar rats showed that the prepared gel formulation was compatible. Based on the stability studies, the gel formulation was found to be stable during the study period.

Conclusion

The optimized formulation of containing neem extract showed better antibacterial activity, and it could be promising one in the topical delivery of neem for treatment of bacterial infections.
Facilitating closeness between babies with congenital abnormalities and their parents in the NICU: A qualitative study of neonatal nurses' experiences
Authors: Skelton Hannah , Dahlen Hannah G. , Psaila Kim , Schmied Virginia
Published: April 2019

Aims and objectives

This qualitative study explored the experiences of neonatal nurses with facilitating closeness between parents and babies with congenital abnormalities in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Background

Babies with congenital abnormalities often require admission to the neonatal intensive care unit. Parents may experience emotional distancing from their baby, due to their response to their baby's congenital abnormality, as well as physical separation due to their baby's hospitalisation in the NICU. NICU nurses can help facilitate the development of closeness between babies and parents in the NICU.

Method

This qualitative interpretive description study involved face‐to‐face, semi‐structured interviews with twelve neonatal nurses following which the data collected were thematically analysed. The consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) checklist were used in preparing this paper.

Results

Three major themes emerged from the analysis—“Everyone copes differently,” “You have to focus on what is the normal thing” and “It's very much an individualised approach.” Participants often felt unprepared to care for babies with congenital abnormalities and implemented coping mechanisms to overcome the emotional labour they experienced. Skin‐to‐skin cuddles were considered the most beneficial strategy for parents to develop closeness with their baby. Participants recognised that they sometimes “pushed” parents into engaging with their baby. Participants highlighted the importance of individualised, supportive care for these parents.

Conclusions

Neonatal nurses require increased education about congenital abnormalities and individualised care to support them in caring for babies with congenital abnormalities.

Relevance to clinical practice

Further research is needed on parental experience of developing closeness with a baby with a congenital abnormality in the NICU.
Identity Questioning: Antecedents and Consequences of Prejudice Attributions
Authors: Albuja Analia F. , Sanchez Diana T. , Gaither Sarah E.
Published: April 2019

Many ethnic minorities in the United States hold both an ethnic minority and national American identity. Yet, they often encounter identity questioning when asked questions such as, “Where are you really from?,” which may operate as an ambiguous threat to their national identity. Because varied motivations (curiosity versus exclusion) create ambiguity, targets likely vary in their tendency to view identity questioning as prejudicial. Study 1 examined the extent to which ethnic minorities attribute identity questioning to prejudice, and the associated well‐being consequences. Study 2 examined the immigration policy‐oriented antecedents of identity questioning prejudice attributions. The results suggest that prejudice attributions are psychologically harmful (Study 1) and are associated with anti‐immigration policies (Study 2). Because identity questioning challenges one's ability to maintain a dual identity, it is important to better understand identity questioning. Specifically, these findings provide initial evidence of the role policy contexts may play in shaping identity questioning attributions.
A bridge too far in naming species: a total evidence approach does not support recognition of four species in Desertifilum (Cyanobacteria)
Authors: González‐Resendiz Laura , Johansen Jeffrey R. , León‐Tejera Hilda , Sánchez León , Segal‐Kischinevzky Claudia , Escobar‐Sánchez Viviana , Morales Marcia
Published: April 2019

A population of Desertifilum (Cyanobacteria, Oscillatoriales) from an oligotrophic desertic biotope was isolated and characterized using a polyphasic approach including molecular, morphological, and ecological information. The population was initially assumed to be a new species based on ecological and biogeographic separation from other existing species, however, phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of the 16S rRNA gene and 16S–23S ITS region, placed this strain clearly within the type species, Desertifilum tharense. Comparative analysis of morphology, 16S rRNA gene similarity, 16S–23S ITS secondary structure, and percent dissimilarity of the ITS regions for all characterized strains supports placing the six Desertifilum strains (designated as PD2001/TDC17, UAM‐C/S02, CHAB7200, NapGTcm17, IPPAS B‐1220, and PMC 872.14) into D. tharense. The recognition of Desertifilum salkalinema and Desertifilum dzianense is not supported, although our analysis does support continued recognition of Desertifilum fontinale. Pragmatic criteria for recognition of closely related species are proposed based on this study and others, and more rigorous review of future taxonomic papers is recommended.
An integrated experimental and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling study of penicillin G in heavy sows
Authors: Li Miao , Mainquist‐Whigham Christine , Karriker Locke A. , Wulf Larry W. , Zeng Dongping , Gehring Ronette , Riviere Jim E. , Coetzee Johann F. , Lin Zhoumeng
Published: April 2019

Penicillin G is widely used in food‐producing animals at extralabel doses and is one of the most frequently identified violative drug residues in animal‐derived food products. In this study, the plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue residue depletion of penicillin G in heavy sows after repeated intramuscular administrations at label (6.5 mg/kg) and 5 × label (32.5 mg/kg) doses were determined. Plasma, urine, and environmental samples were tested as potential antemortem markers for penicillin G residues. The collected new data and other available data from the literature were used to develop a population physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for penicillin G in heavy sows. The results showed that antemortem testing of urine provided potential correlation with tissue residue levels. Based on the United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service action limit of 25 ng/g, the model estimated a withdrawal interval of 38 days for penicillin G in heavy sows after 3 repeated intramuscular injections at 5 × label dose. This study improves our understanding of penicillin G pharmacokinetics and tissue residue depletion in heavy sows and provides a tool to predict proper withdrawal intervals after extralabel use of penicillin G in heavy sows, thereby helping safety assessment of sow‐derived meat products.
Disentangling exploitation of the intertidal grazer Phorcus sauciatus (Gastropoda: Trochidae) in an oceanic archipelago: Implications for conservation
Authors: Sousa Ricardo , Vasconcelos Joana , Riera Rodrigo , Delgado João , González José A. , Freitas Mafalda , Henriques Paulo
Published: April 2019

Harvesting of intertidal grazers such as topshells is known to affect negatively the exploited populations by altering population structure and decreasing abundance. Phorcus sauciatus has a wide geographic distribution in the North‐eastern Atlantic Ocean and is subject to increasing levels of harvesting pressure due to the expansion of human population on coastal areas. The effect of proximity to human settlements and coastal accessibility on the size structure and abundance of P. sauciatus populations was examined in Madeira archipelago. Mean size, proportion of reproductive individuals, and abundance of this species were generally smaller in areas closer to human settlements and in more accessible coastal areas. Marine protected areas returned the highest mean sizes evidencing their effectiveness in preserving the size structure of this species. The results highlight the necessity to regulate the harvest of P. sauciatus in Madeira archipelago, as well as the implementation of management measures aiming at the sustainable exploitation and conservation of this species, exploited in this region since the early 15th century.
The Human Soul and Evolution: A Mimetic Perspective
Authors: Haw Christopher
Published: April 2019

In much of the theological discourse concerning human evolution, the emergence of the human “soul” is commonly treated as off limits from any naturalistic analysis, lest one reduce human uniqueness or the immortality of the soul. This article offers a naturalistic approach to the “soul's” emergence in conversation with Catholic theological commitments, using René Girard's mimetic theory. I argue that locating “religion”—defined as the taboos, culture, and rituals that contained early human violence—as prior to cognition and language better orients our conceptions of what we mean by the human soul and how we evolved into our current form.
Assessment of swallowing function with oro‐pharyngeal‐esophageal scintigraphy in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
Authors: Barsotti Simone , Puccini Giulia , Tripoli Alessandra , Cardelli Chiara , Minichilli Fabrizio , Volterrani Duccio , Mosca Marta , Grosso Mariano , Neri Rossella
Published: April 2019

Background

Swallowing impairment is frequently present in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs), and it represents an important cause of morbidity, dramatically reducing the quality of life of patients. Moreover, dysphagia is associated to a worst prognosis. Unfortunately, no standardized instrumental techniques for the assessment of the upper gastrointestinal tract in IIM patients are available. In this study, we explored the characteristics of the alterations in the upper gastrointestinal tract using oro‐pharyngeal‐esophageal scintigraphy (OPES) in a cohort of IIM patients and we correlated the alterations with clinical parameters.

Methods

A total of 51 IIM patients were examined with OPES, both with liquids and semisolids, and the data acquired were examined to compute the transit time and the percentage of retention at oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal level. Patient‐reported outcome data (PRO) on dysphagia, disease activity, and clinical parameters were collected.

Key results

Oro‐pharyngeal‐esophageal scintigraphy identified at least one alteration in all patients, particularly with the semisolid test and oral and pharyngeal levels presented a higher frequency of involvement compared to the esophageal tract (P < 0.05). A very good correlation between dysphagia severity assessed by PRO and many OPES results was identified. In patients with a shorter disease duration, there was a higher prevalence of alterations at the oral and pharyngeal level and they were correlated to higher swallowing difficulties and higher disease activity parameters.

Conclusions & inferences

Our results showed that OPES may represent a novel reproducible tool to assess dysphagia in IIM patients, thus opening new possibilities to evaluate dysphagia in these patients.
Flavonoids in a crude extract of Catha edulis inhibit rat intestinal contraction via blocking Ca2+ channels
Authors: Nigusse Tadele , Zhang Ling , Wang Rong , Wang Xiao‐Ning , Li Jingxin , Liu Chuanyong
Published: April 2019

Background

Animal studies show that Catha edulis inhibits gastrointestinal tract motility. However, there is little or no information on its effect on colon motility and the mechanism of action and active constituents responsible for this effect. This study therefore attempted to discern the effect, suggest the mechanism, and identify the active compounds from the crude extract.

Methods

A crude extract of Catha edulis was fractionated and subfractionated using column chromatography and HPLC. The activity of all fractions and subfractions was evaluated on rat colon longitudinal muscle. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic data elucidations were used to identify the active compounds. An ileal segment preparation was used to investigate the possible mechanism of action.

Results

The crude extract of Catha edulis (0.05‐0.5 mg/mL) inhibited spontaneous contraction of rat colon and ileum (P < 0.05), and tetrodotoxin (TTX, 10 µmol/L) failed to block this effect. Similar to verapamil (0.01‐0.1 μmol/L), the Catha edulis extract (0.05‐0.5 mg/mL) inhibited high K+ (80 mmol/L)‐induced sustained ileal contraction and decreased the response to Ca2+. Analysis of the NMR data showed that quercetin, kaempferol, and myricetin were the active phytochemicals. All the identified compounds were flavonoids and significantly inhibited (P < 0.05) spontaneous contraction of the rat colon longitudinal muscle compared to controls.

Conclusions

The crude extract of Catha edulis has a spasmolytic effect on the rat ileum, which is mediated through blocking Ca2+ channels, and quercetin, kaempferol, and myricetin were found to be the causative compounds.
Sirolimus‐associated pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade and interstitial pneumonitis in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient
Authors: Joo Su Jin , Yildirim Inci , Stenger Elizabeth O. , Anderson Evan J.
Published: April 2019

Sirolimus, a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, is a potent immunosuppressant that is increasingly used in prevention and treatment of graft‐vs‐host disease (GVHD) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients. However, data regarding its adverse effects in HSCT patients remain limited. We describe an 18‐year‐old HSCT patient with a history of invasive fungal infection, who developed pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade and interstitial pneumonitis while receiving sirolimus for GVHD prophylaxis. Our case illustrates potentially life‐threatening complications of sirolimus use in allogeneic HSCT patients.
Target‐related parietal P3 and medial frontal theta index the genetic risk for problematic substance use
Authors: Harper Jeremy , Malone Stephen M. , Iacono William G.
Published: April 2019

Theoretical and empirical work suggests that problematic substance use (PSU) is associated with individual differences in prefrontal cortex activity. While research has strongly linked parietal P3 amplitude reduction (P3AR) to genetic risk for problematic substance use, few studies have tested whether prefrontal EEG measures are sensitive to this genetic liability. In addition to P3, oddball target detection tasks elicit medial frontal theta power, reflecting attentional allocation, and parietal delta, indexing decision making or stimulus‐response link updating. Midfrontal theta and parietal delta may index neurocognitive processes relevant to PSU beyond P3AR. The present investigation examined the etiological relationship between PSU and P3, frontal theta, and parietal delta in a large twin sample (N = 754). EEG was recorded during a visual oddball task. Greater PSU was associated with reduced target P3 amplitude and midfrontal theta/parietal delta power, and increased mean reaction time and reaction time variability (RTV; indexing attentional fluctuations). P3, theta, and RTV, but not delta or mean RT, explained unique variance in PSU (R2 = 0.04). Twin biometric modeling indicated a genetic relationship between PSU and P3, theta, and RTV. Theta accounted for distinct genetic variance in PSU beyond P3 and RTV. Together, 23% of the total additive genetic variance in PSU was explained by the three endophenotypes. Results replicate P3AR as an endophenotype and provide support for additional behavioral (RTV) and neurophysiological (midfrontal theta) endophenotypes of PSU. Reduced theta and greater RTV may reflect variations in a prefrontal attentional network that confers genetic risk for substance use problems.
Policy Narratives across Two Languages: A Comparative Study using the Narrative Policy Framework
Authors: Huda Juhi
Published: April 2019

The Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) focuses on the role of narratives, drawing from a rich scholarship in narrative, language, and culture. Despite the understanding that narratives are constructions of language and that narrative construction differs across languages, NPF studies have not focused on policy narratives in languages other than English. Language characteristics of narratives are important to assess the stability of policy narratives when there are multiple dominant languages in a political system. This study investigates the use of narrative elements in policy narratives in agricultural biotechnology policy in India across Hindi and English media coverage to examine the NPF assumption that narratives have generalizable narrative elements irrespective of variation in linguistic context and, specifically, tests the transportability of narrative elements. Findings validate the transportability of narrative elements in Hindi narratives, indicate variation in the use of narrative elements over time, and have implications for applying NPF across languages.
Exploring the Effects of Conditioning Factors on the Strain–Crime Association: A Test on Incarcerated Chinese Women
Authors: Liu Lin , Sun Ivan Y. , Lin Kai
Published: April 2019

A key assumption of general strain theory (GST) is that various factors condition the effects of strains on crime. Past research examining this conditioning hypothesis tended to focus on youth samples and use gender as a control variable. Using survey data from Chinese female inmates, this study tests the strain–crime relationship posited in GST as well as the hypothesized effects of the conditioning factors. Regression results show that different types of strains have distinct effects on respondents’ odds to commit violent over property crimes. Conditioning factors are found to moderate the strengths of strains toward respondents’ likelihood to commit property crimes over violent crimes.
Enabling diverse learners to thrive in the online homiletics classroom
Authors: Lamb Lisa
Published: April 2019

Many early efforts at teaching preaching online incurred disastrous losses in quality. Revamped versions now claim to meet, and in some areas even exceed, classroom learning effectiveness, with potentially significant gains for students from non‐dominant cultures. Students preach in local ethnic and denominational contexts, so a wider range of sermon styles can flourish in indigenous soil. Students hear immediate feedback from their community, and from their online peers and professor. Online discussion formats level the playing field for non‐native speakers. By remaining embedded in their denominational and ethnic environments, student's cultural differences may be simultaneously affirmed and critiqued. This article describes capacities which predict success among preaching students, and how culture may influence the manifestation of these capacities. It details best practices and continuing challenges for professors making the transition to online preaching courses, as they seek to build culturally sustaining learning environments in which diverse students may flourish.
Analogous activities: Tools for thinking comparatively in religious studies courses
Authors: McGuire Beverley
Published: April 2019

This article discusses an experiential teaching method that uses secular activities that are simple, accessible, and analogous to religious practice in order to facilitate comparative religious study. These “analogous activities” – for example, social rituals, stillness, yoga, a social media fast, singing, nonviolent communication, and mindfulness meditation – provide a third point of reference that allows students to pivot between their understanding of religion and those of practitioners and scholars of religion. Experiential learning can be quite successful if deliberately sequenced to allow students to encounter a series of interpretive frameworks and structured with prompts and parameters that encourage reflection and critical analysis of their experience. In my course engaging in analogous activities not only impacted students' understanding of Asian religions, but also led them to question two previous assumptions: first, that religious beliefs were more important than religious practices, which is particularly problematic in regards to Asian religious traditions that place more emphasis on orthopraxy than orthodoxy, and second, that religion was something separate from one's everyday or lived reality.
Survival analysis in dogs with urinary transitional cell carcinoma that underwent whole‐body computed tomography at diagnosis
Authors: Iwasaki Ryota , Shimosato Yuka , Yoshikawa Ryutaro , Goto Sho , Yoshida Kyoko , Murakami Mami , Kawabe Mifumi , Sakai Hiroki , Mori Takashi
Published: April 2019

This retrospective study aimed to evaluate factors associated with survival and to compare characteristics between tumour localizations in dogs with urinary transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) that underwent whole‐body computed tomography (CT) at diagnosis. Dogs with histologically confirmed TCC that received medical therapy between 2010 and 2017 were included; dogs that underwent surgery or radiotherapy for the primary tumour were excluded. According to the CT findings, primary tumour localization (classified into the Bladder, Urethra and Bladder and Urethra groups), prostate involvement, iliosacral lymphadenomegaly, sternal lymphadenomegaly and metastasis to the bone and lung were evaluated for survival analysis. CT at diagnosis revealed iliosacral lymphadenomegaly, sternal lymphadenomegaly, bone metastasis and lung metastasis in 47.7%, 18.5%, 24.6% and 35.4% of the 65 included dogs, respectively. The overall median survival time was 196 days. On multivariable analysis, TCC localization (hazard ratio [HR], 1.90; P = .037), bone metastasis (HR, 2.76; P = .013) and sternal lymphadenomegaly (HR, 3.56; P = .004) were significantly associated with survival. Compared to the Bladder group (n = 16), the Urethra group (n = 26) had higher metastasis rates to the bone (6.3% vs 42.3%; P = .045) and lung (6.3% vs 46.2%; P = .022). The survival time was shorter in the Urethra group than in the Bladder group (121.5 vs 420 days; P < .001), and it was similar only in female dogs (247 vs 420 days; P = .031). These findings suggest that whole‐body CT could be valuable for predicting the prognosis in urinary TCC.
Aerodynamic Design and Testing of an Imbedded Forward Swept Rotor in a Two-Stage Transonic Fan
Authors: Wadia A. R. , Niedermeier J. D. , Szucs P. N. , Cormier N. G. , Crall D. W. , Rabe D. C.
Published: April 2019

Previous experimental and analytical studies comparing the performance of transonic swept rotors in single and multistage fans have demonstrated the potential of large improvements in clean inlet performance and substantial improvements in fan sensitivity with inlet distortion with forward swept blading. A two-stage, low-aspect ratio transonic fan investigation was previously conducted in the Air Force’s Compressor Research Facility, in two builds on a back-to-back test basis, using a radial and a forward swept stage 1 blade. While the forward swept stage 1 blade configuration did demonstrate superior front stage efficiency and tolerance to inlet distortion, the common second stage among the two builds prevented the overall fan from showing clean inlet performance and stability benefits with the forward swept rotor 1. To address this measured overall performance shortfall, this paper reports on the design of a new second stage blade tested in the same two-stage fan rig with the forward swept stage 1 blade configuration. The new second stage blade was designed with forward sweep to improve efficiency and operability while replicating the baseline radial rotor 2’s aerodynamic design conditions within the same flow path. The design point requirements of the forward swept rotor 2 were selected to preserve the internal stage matching with the radially stacked rotor 2. As the new stage 2 blade had to fit within the existing radial rotor 2’s physical envelope, the new blade was designed with forward sweep through lean only, which proved to be quite challenging from a mechanical growth and deflection view point. The first attempt to run the fan rig with the new stage 2 blade resulted in a leading-edge tip rub during a part speed stall event. However, even with this unfortunate event, fan mapping test results with clean inlet from part speed to 97.5% design speed showed a significant improvement in overall fan efficiency and stall margin, validating the hypothesis that in the earlier tests stage 2 was indeed the limiting stage that prevented the fan from reaching its overall performance goals. Based on this experience and the test data acquired with unstable leading-edge tip rubs during stall deflections with forward swept airfoils leaned in the direction of rotation, a process was developed to determine the acceptability criteria of such blading.
A Two-Dimensional Transient Thermal Model for Coated Cutting Tools
Authors: Islam Coskun , Altintas Yusuf
Published: April 2019

Prediction of temperature in the tool, chip, and workpiece surface is important to study tool wear, residual stresses in the machined part, and to design cutting tool substrates and coating. This paper presents a finite difference method-based prediction of temperature distribution in the tool, chip, and workpiece surface for transient conditions. The model allows inclusion of anisotropic materials such as coating or different material properties. The energy is created in the primary shear zone where the metal is sheared, the secondary deformation zone where the chip moves on the tool rake face with friction, and the tertiary zone where the flank face of the tool rubs against the finished part surface. The model allows both sticking and sliding friction contact of the moving chip on the rake face of the tool. The distribution of temperature is evaluated by meshing chip, workpiece surface zone, and tool into small discrete elements. The heat transfer among the elements is modeled, and the temperature is predicted at the center of each element. The heat transfer to the tool, workpiece, and chip is iteratively evaluated. The predicted temperature values are compared against the experimental measurements collected with coated tools in turning.
Assembly System Configuration Design for Reconfigurability Under Uncertain Production Evolution
Authors: Jiang Zhengqian , Wang Hui , Dulebenets Maxim A. , Pasha Junayed
Published: April 2019

Assembly system configuration determines the topological arrangement of stations with defined logical material flow among them. The design of assembly system configuration involves (1) subassembly planning that defines subassembly tasks and between-task material flows and (2) workload balancing that determines the task-station assignments. The assembly system configuration should be flexibly changed and updated to cope with product design evolution and updating. However, the uncertainty in future product evolution poses significant challenges to the assembly system configuration design since the higher cost can be incurred if the assembly line suitable for future products is very different from that for the current products. The major challenges include (1) the estimation of reconfiguration cost, (2) unavailability of probability values for possible scenarios of product evolution, and (3) consideration of the impact of the subassembly planning on the task-station assignments. To address these challenges, this paper formulates a concurrent optimization problem to design the assembly system configuration by jointly determining the subassembly planning and task-station assignments considering uncertain product evolution. A new assembly hierarchy similarity model is proposed to estimate the reconfiguration effort by comparing the commonalities among different subassembly plans of current and potential future product designs. The assembly system configuration is chosen by maximizing both assembly hierarchy similarity and assembly system throughput under the worst-case scenario. A case study motivated by real-world scenarios demonstrates the applicability of the proposed method including scenario analysis.
Increased levels of bass in popular music recordings 1955–2016 and their relation to loudness
Authors: Hove Michael J. , Vuust Peter , Stupacher Jan
Published: April 2019

The sound of recorded music has changed over time. These changes can be captured by different audio features. Over the past decades, popular songs have shown clear increases in RMS energy and loudness, but far less attention has addressed whether this upward trend is more prevalent in specific frequency bands, such as the bass. Bass frequencies are especially important for movement induction, such as foot tapping or dancing, and might offer competitive advantages of capturing attention and increasing engagement. Here, the authors examined the evolution of audio features, such as root-mean-square (RMS) energy, loudness, and spectral fluctuations (changes in the audio signal's frequency content) in ten frequency bands from songs on the Billboard Hot 100 charts from 1955 to 2016. Over time, RMS energy and loudness increased while dynamic range decreased. The largest increases were found in the bass range: Spectral flux increased most strongly in the lowest frequency bands (0–100 Hz), and when controlling for overall RMS, only the lowest frequency bands showed an increase over time. The upward trend of bass could reflect changes in technology and style; but based on links between bass and movement, it is likely a widespread technique to increase engagement and contribute to chart success.
Driving expression of leptin
Authors: Foley John F.
Published: April 2019

The transcriptional regulator Egr1 mediates the insulin-dependent production of leptin by adipocytes.
Joint Modeling of Resistance to Six Antimicrobials in Urinary Escherichia coli Isolates in Quebec, Canada
Authors: Soucy Jean-Paul R. , Schmidt Alexandra M. , Frenette Charles , Dolcé Patrick , Boudreault Alexandre A. , Buckeridge David L. , Quach Caroline
Published: April 2019

Empirical treatment of urinary tract infections should be based on susceptibility profiles specific to the locale and patient population. Additionally, these susceptibility profiles should account for correlations between resistance to different types of antimicrobials.
Pushing beyond the Envelope: the Potential Roles of OprF in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Biofilm Formation and Pathogenicity
Authors: Cassin Erin K. , Tseng Boo Shan
Published: April 2019

The ability of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
to form biofilms, which are communities of cells encased in a self-produced extracellular matrix, protects the cells from antibiotics and the host immune response. While some biofilm matrix components, such as exopolysaccharides and extracellular DNA, are relatively well characterized, the extracellular matrix proteins remain understudied.
RNA Sequencing Analyses of Gene Expression during Epstein-Barr Virus Infection of Primary B Lymphocytes
Authors: Wang Chong , Li Difei , Zhang Luyao , Jiang Sizun , Liang Jun , Narita Yohei , Hou Isabella , Zhong Qian , Zheng Zeguang , Xiao Haipeng , Gewurz Benjamin E. , Teng Mingxiang , Zhao Bo
Published: April 2019

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) immortalization of resting B lymphocytes (RBLs) is a useful model system to study EBV oncogenesis. By incorporating transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq), chromatin immune precipitation followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-seq), chromatin interaction analysis followed by paired-end tag sequencing (ChIA-PET), and genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) screen, we identified key pathways that EBV usurps to enable B cell growth and transformation. Multiple layers of regulation could be achieved by cooperations between multiple EBV transcription factors binding to the same enhancers. EBV manipulated the expression of most cell genes essential for lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) growth and survival. In addition to proteins, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulated by EBV also contributed to LCL growth and survival. The data presented in this paper not only allowed us to further define the molecular pathogenesis of EBV but also serve as a useful resource to the EBV research community.
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy secondary to haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in HIV patients: a comprehensive review
Authors: Ullah Waqas , Hamid Mohsin , Grover Harshwant , Figueredo Vincent M , Inayat Faisal
Published: April 2019

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an immune dysregulation disorder with variable presentations and non-specific features making it extremely difficult to diagnose early in the clinical course. Here, we are presenting a case of a young man who presented in cardiogenic shock with findings of anterolateral wall ischaemia on ECG. Echocardiography findings were consistent with takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM). Cardiac catheterisation showed clean coronary arteries and pulmonary artery pressure measurements showed high output cardiac failure. After extensive workup, the patient was diagnosed with HLH. In spite of aggressive supportive and definitive therapy, he eventually died due to a complicated clinical course. We did a comprehensive literature review and found that this is the first reported case of HLH presenting as TCM as the initial clinical manifestation.