bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Body Image, Eating Behaviors and Diet Quality in Young Women: The Impact of Social Media
Authors: Malloy Jessica A , Kazenbroot-Phillips Hugo , Roy Rajshri
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: This study investigates the relationship between diet quality and body image disturbance among young women aged 18-24, a crucial period for establishing lifelong health behaviors. Given the increasing exposure to social media, which often promotes unrealistic beauty standards, this research aims to explore how eating behaviors and diet quality, correlates with body image disturbance; Methods: A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining qualitative focus group discussions with quantitative analysis. Focus groups (n=19) explored themes of body image dissatisfaction. The Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire (BIDQ) was administered to 50 participants (young women aged 18-24) to quantitatively assess body image disturbance, while diet quality was evaluated using the Australian Recommended Food Scores (ARFS). The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R18) was also used to assess eating be-haviors, including cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating. A social in-fluence questionnaire (SIQ) was administered to measure the effect of social influence. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between ARFS, BIDQ, and TFEQ-R18 scores; Results: Qualitative findings revealed persistent dissatisfaction with body shape, largely influenced by social media. Quantitatively, 65% of participants scored above the clinical threshold for body image disturbance (mean BIDQ score = 4.2, SD = 0.8). The correlation between ARFS scores and BIDQ scores was weak and not statistically significant (r = 0.057, p = 0.711). However, a sig-nificant positive correlation was found between time spent on social media and body image disturbance (r = 0.58, p < 0.01). Additionally, TFEQ-R18 results indicated that 45% of participants displayed moderate levels of uncontrolled eating, and 36.5% demonstrated moderate levels of emotional eating; Conclusions: While social media significantly influences body image concerns, its effect on eating behaviours and diet quality shows weak correlations, suggesting that other factors may mediate these outcomes. These results highlight the complexity of the relationship between body image, eating behaviors, and diet quality, indicating that interventions should address the psychological drivers behind these concerns, rather than solely focusing on reducing social media exposure.
Nuclear Evidences for Confirming the Physical Existence of 585 GeV Weak Fermion and Galactic Observations of TeV Radiation
Authors: U.V Satya Seshavatharam , T Gunavardhananaidu , S Lakshminarayana
Published: September 2024

Background: In our recent publications pertaining to 4G model of final unification and based on strong and electroweak interactions, we have proposed the existence of a weak fermion of rest energy 585 GeV. Objective: To confirm the physical existence of the proposed 585 GeV weak fermion by analyzing weak and strong interactions in a unified approach via 4G model of final unification, super symmetry and string theory. Method: Considering the proposed nuclear charge of 2.95e, proton, electron mass ratio, specific charge ratios of proton and electron, Fermi’s weak coupling constant, Reduced Planck’s constant, nucleon magnetic moments, nuclear stability, nuclear binding energy, nuclear mass and neutron lifetime, it is planned to confirm the physical existence of the proposed 585 GeV weak fermion. Results: All proposed logics and formulae clearly establish the physical existence of 585 GeV weak fermion directly and indirectly. Conclusion: Believing in the physical existence of the proposed 585 GeV weak fermion, there is a scope for observing galactic TeV radiation coming by virtue of annihilation of 585 GeV fermions and radiation associated with various astrophysical acceleration mechanisms of 585 GeV fermions. Appeal: As we are beginners of astrophysics domain, we appeal the science community to see the possibility of considering the proposed 585 GeV weak fermion with a charge of $\pm\left(e\right)$ in place of electron and proton.
Performance of Calcium Aluminate and Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement Mortars Incorporating Fly Ash and Limestone Powder
Authors: Mohammed Tijani , Aguayo Federico , Torres Anthony , Okechi Ikechukwu K , Huynh Paola
Published: September 2024

This study assesses the performance of calcium aluminate (CAC) and calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement mortars, particularly when blended with fly ash (FA) and limestone powder (LP). The effects of incorporating 20% FA, 15% LP, and their combination (FA 20% and LP 15%), using a water-binder ratio of 0.40 were explored. The study meticulously evaluates the performance of the mortar mixtures in terms of setting time and mechanical properties, including compressive strength, flexural strength, and direct tensile strength. Additionally, the study investigated the alkali-silica reaction (ASR) and autogenous shrinkage. Advanced analytical methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were employed to further understand the microstructural changes. The study reveals a significant correlation between compressive, flexural, and direct tensile strengths of the mortar mixtures. Notably, CSA and CAC mortar mixtures with SCMs showed an ASR value lower than the recommended 0.10%, while the autogenous shrinkage for both CAC and CSA mixtures was less compared to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). The influence of SCMs, though not substantial, was clearly observed. TGA results corroborated the phases identified in XRD and those observed in SEM, through the thermal decomposition of the phases present in the mixtures. This study contributes valuable insights into the use of SCMs in improving the performance and sustainability of CAC and CSA cement mortars.
Modelling, Design, and Application of Analog Pre-Distortion for the Linearity and Efficiency Enhancement of a K-Band Power Amplifier
Authors: Cappello Tommaso , Ozan Sarmad , Tucker Andrew , Krier Peter , Williams Tudor , Morris Kevin
Published: September 2024

This paper presents the theory, design, and application of a dual-branch series-diode analog pre-distortion (APD) linearizer to improve the linearity and efficiency of a K-band high power amplifier (HPA). A first-of-its-kind, frequency-dependent large-signal APD model is presented. This model is used to evaluate different phase relationships between the linear and nonlinear branches, suggesting independent gain, and phase expansion characteristics with this topology. This model is used to assess the impact of diode resistance, capacitance, and ideality factor on the APD characteristics. This feature is showcased with two similar GaAs diodes to find the best fit for the considered HPA. The selected diode is characterized and modeled between 1-26.5 GHz. A comprehensive APD design and simulation workflow is reported. Before fabrication, the simulated APD is evaluated with the measured HPA to verify linearity improvements. The APD prototype achieves a large signal bandwidth of 6 GHz with 3 dB gain expansion and 8∘ phase rotation. This linearizer is demonstrated with a 17-21 GHz GaN HPA with 41 dBm output power and 35 % efficiency. Using a wideband 750 MHz signal, this APD improves the noise power ratio (NPR) by 6.5-8.2 dB over the whole HPA bandwidth. Next, the HPA output power is swept to compare APD vs. power back off for the same NPR. APD improves the HPA output power by 1-2 W and efficiency by approximately 5-9 % at 19 GHz. This efficiency improvement decreases by only 1-2 % when including the APD post-amplifier consumption, thus suggesting overall efficiency and output power improvements with APD at K-band frequencies.
Closed Form Solution to the Hubble Tension Based on Rh = Ct Cosmology
Authors: Haug Espen
Published: September 2024

Haug and Tatum have recently solved the Hubble tension within a type of R_h = ct cosmology using an intuitive, smart trial-and-error search algorithm. The trial-and-error algorithm demonstrates that one can start with the measured CMB temperature and a rough estimate of H0. Based on the algorithm, one ends up matching the entire distance ladder of the observed supernovas by finding a value for H_0. However, this is a numerical search procedure, even though it can be completed in a fraction of a second on a standard computer. Here, we will demonstrate that the trial-and-error numerical method is not needed and that the Hubble tension can be resolved using the same Haug and Tatum model through a closed- form solution. This means one simply solves an equation to find the correct H0 value. This is possible because an exact mathematical relation between H_0 and the CMB temperature has recently been established, in combination with the linearity in an R_h = ct model.
Enhanced Energy Harvesting from Thermoelectric Modules: Strategic Manipulation of Element Quantity and Geometry for Optimized Power Output
Authors: Wu Chun-I , Du Kung-Wen , Tu Yu-Hsuan
Published: September 2024

With the rising awareness of environmental issues, concerns about pollution and global warming have gained importance, and electricity generation costs continue to increase. As a result, research on energy recovery using thermoelectric modules has attracted attention in recent years. Given the lack of significant breakthroughs in thermoelectric materials, improving the structure of thermoelectric modules has become a key direction for enhancing efficiency. Common thermoelectric module types include flat plate (Flat Plate TEG), annular (Annular TEG), flexible (Flexibility TEG), segmented, and cascaded designs. Factors influencing thermoelectric performance include the number, shape, height, contact area of thermoelectric elements, temperature difference, copper plate length, contact resistance, and the geometric arrangement of the elements.
This study is based on the commercially available TGM1-127-1.0-0.8 thermoelectric module. By simulating the output performance of both flat plate and annular thermoelectric module structures under identical conditions—such as total volume of thermoelectric material, shape, and height of the thermoelectric legs, the total contact area with the heat source, temperature differential, and total volume of the connecting copper plate—we observed that the number of thermoelectric elements not only determines the open-circuit voltage but also influences the output power. The trend of output power remains consistent under varying temperature differences, regardless of changes in the load resistance.
A Analysis Of Central Government Ministry Pro-Poor Budgeting Program Before And After The Pandemic
Authors: Dwi Ratna Sari  , Muhammad Jeasen Allan Budy Kusuma  , Hafiz Surya Chandra Izwandi  , Namira Athaya  , Made Wedakrisna Mahendradatta
Published: September 2024

Pro-poor budgeting analysis is an approach used to ensure that government budget allocations favor and favor the interests of the poor and vulnerable. This study uses a qualitative approach to determine the differences in pro-poor budgeting budget allocations in the Central Government. The data collection techniques used in this study are using secondary data from the Central Government Financial Statements for the 2019 and 2022 fiscal years. The data analysis technique in this study uses descriptive analysis. This analysis is important to see budget allocations that are right on target and effective in reducing poverty levels in Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that the three Central Governments have differences in pro-poor budgeting priorities between the pre-COVID-19 period and the post-COVID-19 period, and other results show differences in the effectiveness of pro-poor budgeting between Ministries. The implications of this research are related to the impact of pro-poor budgeting and can be used as a basis for more effective policy-making related to pro-poor budgeting in the Central Government. This research has significant benefits as a literature reference for students exploring related fields. This study can be used as an important reference by providing secondary data and in-depth analysis. In addition, the results of this study open up opportunities for further development by future researchers. Thus, this study enriches the academic literature and triggers future innovation and continuous research, ultimately contributing to the development of science and practical application in related fields.
Long-wave-propagation delay correlation testing and pattern analysis
Authors: Di Jianchen , Fu Jun , Li Zhenzhong , li Wenkui , Liu Liang , Wu Miao
Published: September 2024

The complexity of long-wave propagation paths and real-time variations in meteorological conditions can make it challenging to accurately predict the propagation delays of long waves, thereby affecting the precision of long-wave navigation and positioning timing. This study used static tests to measure long-wave receiver path delays at varying propagation distances. Moreover, data were collected from neighbouring test points to analyse propagation delay characteristics and assess the feasibility of implementing differential timing methods. The measured data indicated that neighbouring test points exhibited similar trends during the same period, with different test points showing significant correlations at the 0.001 level. A comprehensive analysis revealed that within a certain range, factors such as meteorological conditions, electrical parameters of the propagation medium, and terrain fluctuations were comparable. Long-wave propagation delays exhibited certain temporal and spatial correlations, and real-time changes in the propagation path could be mitigated using differential methods, thereby enhancing the precision of long-wave navigation and positioning timing. A theoretical focus on solidifying the differential effects in key areas could support the establishment of more accurate differential stations, thereby enhancing the eLoran system with warning capabilities and enhancing system integrity.
Diet composition and feeding habits of Meretrix meretrix and Mactra veneriformis in the Northern Bohai Sea based on high- throughput sequencing
Authors: Li Ang , Bai Yongan , Zhu Ling , Xue Suyan , Li Jiaqi , Li Xianglun , Liu Lulei , Liu Longzhen , Mao Yuze
Published: September 2024

Understanding the diet composition and feeding habits of bivalve shellfish is crucial for developing conservation measures to enhance their resources. This is particularly important for the main economic species in shellfish-producing regions. In this study, we analyzed the stomach contents composition of the two main economic shellfish in Geligang, specifically Meretrix meretrix and Mactra veneriformis, using high-throughput sequencing. The results revealed that 956 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were common to both M. meretrix and M. veneriformis, with 1117 OTUs unique to M. meretrix and 412 OTUs unique to M. veneriformis. We identified a total of 50 bait organisms from 11 phyla. The main taxa in the stomach contents of M. meretrix were Chlorophyta, Cryptophyta, Pyrrophyta and Bacillariophyta, while Cryptophyta, Chlorophyta, Pyrrophyta and Chrysophyta dominated the stomach contents of M. veneriformis. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis indicated less compositional variety in the stomach contents of M. meretrix compared to M. veneriformis. Additionally, the Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) results showed a significant difference in food composition between the two species. Specifically, M. meretrix and M. veneriformis preferred feeding on Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, and Cryptophyta, while M. veneriformis favored Chrysophyta. Overall, our study provides fundamental insights for ecological research on feeding habits and resource conservation of M. meretrix and M. veneriformis in Geligang, which can inform the development of effective conservation measures for the shellfish resources.
Simulation and experiment of explosion shock wave in semi-closed environment
Authors: QIN HAO , YOU WENBIN , LI RONGJI
Published: September 2024

This paper explores the damage effects of explosion shock waves in a semi-closed environment. The Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) algorithm is employed to construct a simulation model. The ALE algorithm is used to analyze the shock wave overpressure at different positions, and the simulation data from 1.5 meters to 2.6 meters are fitted to derive a formula for the first peak value of the shock wave overpressure. The accuracy of the simulation results is verified through numerical simulation and experimental validation. Experimental results show that in a semi-closed environment, the explosion shock wave reflects multiple times off the walls, resulting in multiple peaks in the overpressure curve at each measuring point. The fitting formula for some measuring points aligns with experimental values, but there are discrepancies related to the experimental conditions and the complexity of the flow field in the semi-closed environment. Although the experimental data are limited and discrete, the fitting formula is generally consistent with the experimental data at certain measuring points.
Investigating the Cavitation Damage of Morning-Glory Spillways under Uncertainty
Authors: Ghaffari Masoud , Moghaddam Mehdi Azhdary , Aziziyan Gholamreza , Rashki Mohsen
Published: September 2024

Mathematical methods and data-driven numerical models have replaced classical methods such as cavitation number controlling, as the cavitation phenomenon in morning-glory spillways is nonlinear in nature and uncertain making its damage estimation difficult. This study has considered uncertainties in the model to assess the cavitation responses on different points of Haraz dam morning-glory spillway, Iran. The spillway passing flow was simulated using the ANSYS Fluent-3D numerical model and the results were compared with those of the experimental model developed by the Iran-Water Resource Research Institute; their agreement was acceptable. Statistical parameters and the probability density function (PDF) of the uncertainties were obtained using the Shapiro-Wilk test, simulations were done using the Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) method, analyses of the numerical model were performed through 35 simulations using the central composite design (CCD) for the uncertainties considering their correlation and cavitation damage responses related to 10 critical points on the spillway were predicted using the response surface methodology (RSM). Responses were linear, and second-order functions were obtained based on interactions among model uncertainties. Results indicated that the correlation among the data extracted from numerical models and RSM was acceptable, the maximum prediction error in the RSM was within the permissible limits and the highest association rate of uncertainty factors in the cavitation damage responses was related to the flow-field inflow velocity.
Regulation of yeast polarized exocytosis by phosphoinositide lipids
Authors: Volpiana Matthew W. , Nenadic Aleksa , Beh Christopher
Published: September 2024

Phosphoinositides direct membrane trafficking routes within eukaryotic cells. In polarized exocytosis, which targets vesicular cargo to sites of polarized growth at the plasma membrane (PM), the two phosphoinositides phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) and its derivative phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) pave the pathway for vesicle transport from the Golgi to the PM. PI4P is a critical regulator of mechanisms that shape late Golgi membranes for vesicle biogenesis and release. Although enriched in vesicle membranes, PI4P is inexplicably removed from post-Golgi vesicles during their transit to the PM, which drives subsequent steps in exocytosis. At the PM, PI(4,5)P2 recruits effectors that establish polarized membrane sites for targeting the vesicular delivery of secretory cargo. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, provides an elegant model to unravel the complexities of phosphoinositide regulation during polarized exocytosis. Here, we review how PI4P and PI(4,5)P2 promote yeast vesicle biogenesis, exocyst complex assembly and vesicle docking at polarized cortical sites, and suggest how these steps might impact related mechanisms of human disease.
AI-Based Optimization of EM Radiation Estimates from GSM Base Stations Using Traffic Data
Authors: Lal Radhey , Singh Rajiv Kumar , Nishad D. K. , Khalid Saifullah
Published: September 2024

The fast expansion of mobile networks has sparked worries regarding base station EM radiation's health impacts. Traffic load is commonly ignored when evaluating EM radiation levels using maximum power output. This study proposes utilising AI and ML on real network traffic data to optimise GSM base station EM radiation estimations. We obtained EM radiation measurements and traffic data from a selection of GSM base stations by location and configuration. Traffic patterns were used to train linear regression, random forests, and neural networks to predict EM radiation levels. Base stations were clustered by radiation profile using unsupervised learning. An optimisation methodology was created to minimise EM radiation estimate inaccuracy, considering regulatory restrictions and measurement feasibility. The results show better prediction accuracy than power-based estimations and high generalisability across base station types. Site-specific factors influenced daily EM radiation patterns after clustering. EM radiation levels can be monitored in real time using traffic data and the optimised AI/ML model. This research helps telecom operators and regulators analyse EM radiation more accurately and efficiently. Future projects should include 5G and small cell network extensions and intelligent city platform integration. The suggested method develops data-driven, AI-powered solutions for public safety and mobile network trust.
AR Aircraft Exterior Inspection System Based on Visual SLAM Technology
Authors: Zhang Shihan , Ma Lin , Gu Huarong , Deng Rongxing
Published: September 2024

Aircraft exterior inspection refers to the necessary inspection procedures conducted by qualified aircraft maintenance personnel before takeoff and after landing. This process involves detailed visual inspections of the exterior and certain interior components of the aircraft to ensure its good technical condition. The inspection procedure is typically intricate, requiring the inspector to refer to a substantial amount of information, which poses a risk of oversight and is inconvenient to record and review. This paper proposes an Augmented Reality (AR) aircraft exterior inspection system based on Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) technology. The system aims to provide a highly informative approach to assist the inspector in visually inspecting and maintaining the aircraft exterior. A head-mounted display device equipped with stereo cameras and an Inertial Measuring Unit (IMU) sensor is utilized in the system. When the user wears the device, the system can receive the required inspection information in real-time based on the current pose of the device, while their inspection status is recorded. Experimental results demonstrate the reliable accuracy of the system in a controlled environment, fully realizing the assistance and retrospective process of inspections.
Experimental and numerical investigation on the relationship between stick-slip vibration and rate of penetration
Authors: Huang Bin , Ni Hongjian , Zhang Heng , Jin Yan , Lu Yunhu , Liu Zhicheng , Wang Yuze , Liu Shubin
Published: September 2024

Severe torsional vibration of the drill string is called stick-slip. Although it is widely believed that drill string vibration can affect drilling efficiency, there have been no detailed reports on the relationship between stick-slip vibration and rate of penetration (ROP). The main causes of stick-slip vibration are the drill bit rock breaking and friction between the drill string and the wellbore. Regardless of the reason, in the absence of stuck pipe, the interaction between the drill bit and the formation rock directly determines ROP. Therefore, this paper studies the relationship between stick-slip vibration and ROP through laboratory experiments and numerical simulation. The results show that the intensity of torsional vibration of the drill bit increases as the increase of weight-on-bit (WOB) and decrease of torsional stiffness of drill string, and stick-slip vibration phenomenon will occur eventually. However, the ROP did not show a significant change with the increase of torsional vibration intensity. Although the ROP is almost 0 during the stick phase, it is relatively high when the drill bit enters the slip process. And the axial displacement curve shows a stepwise increasing characteristic. The average footage during the stick and slip stages is basically equal to that without significant torsional vibration. Although the stick slip vibration does not directly affect the ROP, severe torsional vibration can accelerate the wear of the drill bit, thereby reducing the rock breaking efficiency of the drill bit and lower of ROP. The research results of this paper advance the knowledge of drill string vibration.
High-throughput screening-based design of multifunctional natural polyphenol nano-vesicles to accelerate diabetic wound healing
Authors: Zhao Xiaoying , Su Shenkai , Wu Chenyu , Deng Yuxin , Chen Yu , Yu Tanxin , Li Chenchao , Zhang Yekai , Wang Xiangyang , Zhou Yifei , Zhang Xiaolei
Published: September 2024

Oxidative stress is a major pathological factor that impedes the diabetic wound healing process. Procyanidins (PC) form nanoparticle-vesicles (PPNs) through hydrogen bonding and exhibit good drug delivery capability; however, its application in diabetic wound is not satisfied. To meet the antioxidant needs for treating, high-throughput screening in natural product library (NPL) under in vitro oxidative stress condition was conducted to enhance the antioxidant activity of PPNs. HUVECs treated with TBHP was established as screening model in vitro. Baicalein (BAI) was identified out of 600 + products in the library as the most effective one to combat oxidative stress. Further study showed that PC and BAI may react in equal proportions to synthesize new vesicles, named BPPNs; while BPPNs have ROS responsive and antioxidant effects. Network pharmacology showed that in diabetic wounds, the target genes of PC are mainly enriched in the VEGF-related pathways, while BAI primarily regulates tyrosine phosphorylation. The complementarity between the two has been validated in in vitro and in vivo experiments. In summary, the antioxidant drug BAI, identified through high-throughput screening of NPL, could optimize the biological function of PPNs; the newly-synthesized BPPNs may accelerate diabetic wound healing through dual mechanisms of promoting angiogenesis and combating oxidative stress.
Role of Nano-Particle Size in Modulating Porosity and Electrical Performance of Barium Strontium Titanate Thin Films
Authors: Gatea Hamed A. , Alkhafaji Mohammed Ayad
Published: September 2024

This study investigates how nanoparticle size affects the porosity and electrical properties of the perovskite oxide Barium strontium titanate Ba1-xSrxTiO3 thin film. Investigations of nanostructures and properties showed their dependence on the value of ratio x. The crystallographic features of the materials are characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD). When the value of x increased, the XRD pattern changed from the tetragonal phase to the cubic phase. The FESEM images revealed that the particle size varied with increasing x values. The findings show that when the ion diameter changes, the crystal structure changes, which affects how stable and symmetrical the BaSrTiO3 thin films are. We calculated the film density of those samples using different methods, based on the porosity and mean film density values determined using different techniques. Electrical properties depend on the ratio of x and the annealing temperature investigated; the conductivity increased depending on the varied frequency.
Resistance Intensity Test (RIT): a novel bioassay for quantifying the level of acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus microplus ticks
Authors: Jongejan Frans , Berger Laura , Homminga Laura , Hulsebos Iris , Petersen Alita , Ferreira Priscila Teixeira Ferreira Teixeira , Reck José , Klafke Guilherme
Published: September 2024

Background
One bioassay for detecting acaricide resistance in livestock ticks is the Adult Immersion Test (AIT), wherein engorged ticks are briefly immersed into a solution of a particular acaricidal compound and examined for their egg-laying capacity and offspring hatchability in vitro. Usually, the recommended label dose or an established discriminating dose of an acaricide is used to determine high mortality (≥ 95%) of susceptible tick strains. Such a test intends to detect the presence of resistance in a tick population. However, the adult immersion test does not directly translate the bioassay results to the predicted efficacy in the field. In this paper, we used the AIT as an initial screening bioassay supplemented with the Resistance Intensity Test (RIT), a novel larval-based bioassay, wherein the resistance level can be determined and translated to the expected field efficacy. This was done by adopting WHO guidelines for resistance detection in mosquitoes, which combines a 1x recommended dose with 5x and 10x concentrated doses to reveal low, moderate, and high resistance intensity, respectively.
Methods
Engorged Rhipicephalus microplus ticks were collected from cattle at six different ranches across Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, as part of the state's acaricide resistance surveillance program. Groups of adult ticks from each field collection were subjected to the AIT from each field sample. Additionally, engorged female ticks from each ranch were allowed to lay eggs, and their larval progeny aged 14 to 28 days were then used in the RIT. Deltamethrin and a combination of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos were used in both tests, and the results were statistically analysed.
Results
The in vitro efficacy of deltamethrin against adult ticks in the AIT ranged between 8.74% and 25.38%. The corresponding RIT results on their larval progeny indicated a high resistance level. The in vitro efficacy of the combination of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos against adult ticks in the immersion test ranged between 49.31% and 100%. The corresponding RIT results on their larval progeny indicated a similar response ranging from fully susceptible to low or moderate resistance. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r = 0.883) showed a high correlation between tick mortality at the 1x recommended concentrations of acaricides in both tests.
Conclusions
The Resistance Intensity Test is a valuable addition to the range of bioassays currently available for detecting acaricide resistance by determining the level of acaricide resistance that is relevant to whether or not to continue using a particular acaricidal class for controlling cattle ticks.
Shear stress measurement of flat plate in incompressible flow based on deformed viscous liquid in cavity
Authors: Zhao Xinhai , Wang Wanbo , Qin Chen , Pan Jiaxin , Sun Qixiang
Published: September 2024

This paper introduces an innovative technique for measuring surface shear stress on a flat plate in incompressible flow, utilizing viscous fluid deformation within a cylindrical cavity. Skin friction forces were initially captured using both hot-wire anemometry and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations across various incoming flow speeds. Thereafter, experiments were conducted in a low-speed closed-circuit wind tunnel to measure viscous fluid deformation using a camera mounted above the wind tunnel test section and a background point at the bottom of the cylindrical cavity. The deformation was quantified by measuring the deflection angle of a light beam passing through the center of the cylindrical cavity containing the viscous liquid. Assuming a fixed proportional relationship between friction and form resistance, the correlation between the deflection angle and shear stress was analyzed, resulting in an exponential fitting formula. Results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits excellent repeatability, offering an approach for surface shear stress measurement in aerodynamic applications.
Unlocking the Hidden Forces: Deformation and associated Stress Distribution in the present-day Geneva Basin and Jura Fold-and- Thrust Belt
Authors: Borderie Sandra , Mosar Jon , Marro Adeline , Hauvette Louis
Published: September 2024

In foreland fold-and-thrust belts, the distribution of deformation and of the associated stress field can notably be perturbated due to local-scale features such as tectonic structures or surface topography. In the frame of geothermal exploration in the Geneva Basin, constraining possible future deformation in the area and the associated state of stress is of particular interest. If current seismicity indicates that the Geneva Basin is tectonically active, few data regarding the state of stress in the area are currently available.
The goal of this study is to understand under which conditions deformation could localise in the study area, by using numerical modelling. In a first regional part of the study, we investigate the impact of the friction along the basal décollement on the deformation and on the stress field along a 2D section. Knowing the weak décollement property in the area, results indicate that future deformation is more likely to localise in the Geneva Basin or at the frontal part of the Jura fold-and-thrust belt. Localisation of deformation depends more on surface topography rather than on décollement geometry. The décollement geometry influences the presence of stress concentrations, which could lead to weakness zones within the section.
In the second part of the study, we used a simplified prototype section based on interpretation of a seismic survey in the Geneva Basin. The impact of friction along the inherited faults on incipient deformation was investigated. Results indicate that existing faults can be reactivated by decreasing their friction angle. In the Geneva Basin, the Humilly Fault is the less likely to be reactivated, due to its orientation, compared to the Reculet and Salève thrusts. The distance to criticality is thus strongly determined by the internal structure of the considered prototype, the frictional properties, and orientations of the existing faults. In the case where deformation localises in the Geneva Basin, the differential stress distribution depends on the décollement friction and geometry, and of the friction along the existing faults.
Drive Test Route Optimization in Mobile Networks
Authors: Nazari Ali , Fallah Mostafa , Taheri Mohammad Javad , Diyanat Abolfazl
Published: September 2024

In order to design the RAN of a mobile network, it is crucial to predict the necessary cells and position base stations accurately. This process requires continuous monitoring to optimize network quality and coverage, considering environmental changes and user consumption patterns. One common technique for gathering data on network performance across different geographic areas is drive testing, which involves traveling through all the points on a designated map, including streets and pathways, to evaluate network performance. Operators use the data collected through this method to improve mobile networks. However, this process can be costly and time-consuming for network operators. This paper proposes a more cost-effective method for optimizing data collection during drive tests in mobile networks. The proposed method involves identifying a shorter route for data collection, allowing for acquiring regions with poor RSRP in specific locations, thereby reducing costs. Additionally, this paper introduces a criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of a drive testing route. The proposed route, along with the introduced criterion, has been evaluated using real drive test data.
Potential effects of inulin as a dietary supplement on immunity, antioxidant and intestinal health of spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) fed a high-fat diet
Authors: Quan Fuqiang , Wang Xiujuan , Huang Zhangfan , Zhou Sishun , Ma Jianrong , Kong Lumin , Liu Longhui Longhui , Zhao Yunting , Zhao Yanbo , Lin Yi , Lin Hao , Li ZhongBao
Published: September 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of inulin on immune capacity, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microflora in spotted sea bass fed a high-fat diet. A total of 360 juveniles were randomly assigned into six groups with three replicates per group and twenty fish per replicate. The six groups included a CK (Calvin Klein) group fed a normal fat diet, a group fed a high-fat diet (HF), and four groups fed a high-fat diet supplemented with 0.5% (G1), 1% (G2), 1.5% (G3), and 2% (G4) inulin, respectively. The experiment lasted for ten weeks. The results indicated that consumption of a high-fat diet resulted in oxidative stress injury, decreased immunity, abnormal intestinal histopathology, and an imbalance in intestinal flora in spotted sea bass compared to the CK group. However, compared to the HF group, supplementation with inulin significantly increased superoxide dismutase activity while decreasing malondialdehyde content. Notably, supplementation at 1.5% also led to significant increases in Complement 3 (C3) and Immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels while improving intestinal tissue morphology. Furthermore, phylum-level analysis revealed that Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the main bacterial groups found within the intestines of spotted sea bass. In terms of genus-level identification, Muribaculaceae, Citrobacte and Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 were identified as dominant bacterial groups. The abundances of Bacteroidetes and Muribaculaceae in the inulin group initially increased but then decreased with increasing supplementation amounts.
Mechanisms of Tecovirimat Antiviral Activity and Poxvirus Resistance
Authors: Vernuccio Riccardo , León Alejandro Martínez , Poojari Chetan , Buchrieser Julian , Selverian Christopher , Jaleta Yakin , Meola Annalisa , Guivel-Benhassine Florence , Porrot Françoise , Haouz Ahmed , Chevreuil Maelenn , Raynal Bertrand , Mercer Jason , SIMON-LORIERE Etienne , Chandran Kartik , Schwartz Olivier , Hub Jochen , Guardado-Calvo Pablo
Published: September 2024

Mpox is a zoonotic disease endemic in central and west Africa. However, since 2022, human-adapted mpox virus (MPXV) strains are causing large outbreaks spreading outside these regions, leading the World Health Organization to declare public health emergency twice. Tecovirimat, the most widely used drug to treat these infections, blocks viral egress through a poorly understood mechanism. Tecovirimat-resistant strains, all with mutations in the viral phospholipase F13, pose public health concerns. Herein, we report the structure of an F13 homodimer, both alone and in complex with tecovirimat. We demonstrate that tecovirimat acts as a molecular glue, inducing the dimerization of the phospholipase. F13 escape mutations in MPXV clinical isolates are at the dimer interface and prevent drug-induced dimerization in solution and cells. These findings, which decipher tecovirimat's mode of action, will allow better monitoring of poxvirus outbreaks and pave the way for developing more potent and resilient therapeutics.
Social experience is associated with a differential role of aromatase neurons in sexual behavior and territorial aggression in male mice
Authors: Trives Elliott , Porte Chantal , Nakahara Thiago Seike , Keller Matthieu , Vacher Hélène , Chamero Pablo
Published: September 2024

Aromatase (Aro+) neurons located in the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis (BNST) are crucial for the display of both sexual behavior and territorial aggression in naive male mice. However, little is known about how Aro + neuron circuitry is influenced by social experience. Using a combination of chemogenetics, activity mapping and retrograde viral tracing we show that social experience modulates Aro + neurons during sexual behavior and territorial aggression. Chemogenetic inhibition of BNST Aro + neurons in socially experienced male mice revealed that these neurons are required for territorial aggression, but not for sexual behavior. Behavior testing in experienced animals showed a specific increase in activation in the vomeronasal organ (VNO) and the Medial Amygdala (MeA) after sexual behavior but not territorial aggression, assessed by Egr1 expression. We also observed an increase of Egr1 cells in the medial Preoptic Area (mPOA), a brain region implicated in the display of sexual behavior. Combined retrograde viral tracing and Egr1 immunodetection showed that a subset of the activated cells in the MeA are Aro + neurons projecting to the mPOA. These results highlight that social experience induces a differential neural activity in the circuitry controlling sexual behavior and aggression, which include MeA Aro + neurons projecting to the mPOA.
Trends and cross-country disparity in the burden of COVID-19 between 2020 and 2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Authors: Chen Qiuying , Pan Lanyue , Zhan Yuan , Chen Lili , Chen Liyuan , Zeng Yulan , Huang Jiaquan , Chen Huilong , Zeng Zhilin
Published: September 2024

Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to extensive repercussions on global health and economic systems. In this study, we aim to provide an analysis of global, national, and regional COVID-19 incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for the years of 2020 and 2021.
Methods
Data on COVID-19 incidence, DALYs, and mortality were derived from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The data were carefully estimated and presented in both numerical values and age-standardized rates (ASRs) per 100,000 individuals, inclusive of 95% uncertainty intervals (UI). The study further stratified the COVID-19 burden by age, gender, sociodemographic index (SDI), and health system infrastructure. Additionally, the correlation between ASR and SDI was examined.
Findings
There were marked disparities in the COVID-19 burden across various countries and regions in 2020 and 2021. Globally, the number and ASR of incidence, DALYs and death showed an increasing trend from 2020 to 2021, particularly in regions with lower SDI and less robust healthcare systems. Men exhibited higher numbers and ASRs of DALYs and death. The elderly experienced higher DALYs and mortality, despite of having the lowest incidence rates. Furthermore, a significant negative correlation was observed between SDI and the ASRs of incidence, DALYs, and death across 21 regions and 204 countries.
Conclusion
This study highlights a pronounced escalation in the COVID-19 burden from 2020 to 2021, with the elderly, males, those in lower SDI and less developed healthcare systems regions being disproportionately affected. A comprehensive understanding of COVID-19 epidemiology is essential for devising strategies to mitigate the disease's impact.
Understanding the suitability of Nurturing Care Group approach to improving animal faeces management in Ghana
Authors: Dwumfour-Asare Bismark , Appiah-Effah Eugene , Nyarko Kwabena Biritwum , Tidwell James Ben
Published: September 2024

Animal faeces management (AFM) is key to avert zoonotic risks especially when integrated into water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions although largely neglected by conventional projects. This study focused on understanding the influence of Nurturing Care Group (NCG) approach on improving AFM in some communities within World Vision Ghana programme areas in Savelugu Municipal and Sekyere East District Assemblies. The study adopted a cross-sectional qualitative survey using 12 focus group discussions and 20 in-depth-interviews with female members from 12 communities. Data analyses used inductive mixed method content analysis based on pre-structured themes from interview tools. 171 female and 4 male members participated in the study. Household animals raised included livestock – fowls, goat, sheep, cattle etc., and pets (cats, dogs, etc.) for: income, meat for nutrition, religious rituals, animal droppings (manure), and pets for security etc. NCG intervention brought high awareness of AFM including penning and composting of droppings and also linked other safe household environmental sanitation practices. Barriers to uptake at scale included lack of resources for animal shelters, inability to feed animals without scavenging, difficulty in securing veterinary services, and women inability to secure men’s support on key decisions on AFM. Local governance structures – unit committees and opinion leaders were not fully integrated in Savelugu unlike in Sekyere East although leaders involved could not sustain commitment with time. Future interventions would benefit active involvement with specified roles of key stakeholders from household heads through community leaders to the District Assembly level to support sustainable uptake and impact.
Spatio-Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Glacial lakes and the Factors Influencing in Southeast Tibetan Plateau from 1993 to 2023
Authors: YU Mingwei , LI Feng , GUO Yonggang , SU Libin , QIN Deshun
Published: September 2024

The southeastern region of Tibet, serving as the primary concentration area for marine-type glaciers, has fostered a multitude of glacial lakes that exhibit high sensitivity to global climate change. The glacial lakes play a crucial role in regulating the freshwater ecosystems of the region, but they also pose a significant threat to local infrastructure and populations due to flooding caused by glacial lake outburst. Currently, there is a limited amount of research focused on the monitoring and analysis of glacial lakes in southeastern Tibet. Utilizing Google Earth Engine (GEE) in conjunction with meteorological data, this study examined the variation characteristics of glacial lakes in southeastern Tibet from 1993 to 2023. The region is subjected to segmentation and extraction of glacial lake boundaries utilizing FCN model. According to research findings, by 2023, southeastern Tibet is projected to contain 3,877 glacial lakes, encompassing an area of approximately 395.74 ± 22.72 km2. The distribution of glacial lakes in this region follows a pattern characterized by a higher concentration in the south and a lower concentration in the north.The glacial lakes with an area less than 0.1km2 accounted for 94.24%, while those exceeding 3.0km2 experienced the least amount of change. The analysis of regional elevation using the natural segmentation method reveals that the glacial lakes are predominantly distributed within the altitude range of 4442 ~ 4909m. The fluctuation of annual mean precipitation and average annual temperature in the study area has exhibited a deceleration trend since 2008, while the growth trajectory of both the area and number of glacial lakes has gradually stabilized. However, given the backdrop of a slight increase in precipitation and a gradual temperature rise, the proliferation of glacial lakes is projected to accelerate predominantly in Nyingchi City's eastern and western regions.