bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Osobowość ekologiczna płci - badania ankietowe
Authors: Grochowska Irena
Published: December 2020

After analysing the above answers we can deduct some results, which confirm certain behaviour in girls that can be scientifically explained. A survey helped in establishing ecological consciousness and was a help in characterizing a survival persona. Looking at the answers with inclusion of two different sexes we can follow differences in the views concerning environmental protection, the survey results clearly show a difference in approach to the natural environment depending on the sex. Women more clearly see the beauty, harmony and set order in the environment. Nature astonishes them and is a guarantee of life. Analysing the survey results it is not possible not to see the differences in viewing the natural environment. Quoting Estes we can say that mature woman (surviving woman) looking at a forest sees a home for herself and other people, whilst others looking at the same forest imagine cutting down trees and making money on it.

Clean environment allowing life is like air necessary to live and you can only breathe deeply with clean air. It is similar with woman’s psyche where a mechanism of full breath operates and forces her to breathe in the fresh air. The research results confirmed that girls show more concern about harmony and complexity of the natural world and definitely at every opportunity become protectors of life. So a smaller extend that boys they support technological and technical development, they do not see it as a solution to problems connected with degradation of environment.

If you would like to separate pro environment personality types taking into account these characteristic for boys and girls, based on the performed survey, we can present: Rational type , scientific thinker and technocrat, consumer, which is dominant in boys answers and emotional type, esthetic environmentalist which is dominant within girls answers. Woman can show man how to admire nature, how to develop sensitivity and open ones eyes to new perspectives, whose theoretical author is often he himself. It is women who with their hearts read and introduce into life philosophical life and written theological works whose authors are men.

Woman’s task is activity connected with protecting the wisdom of soul, not to accept abnormal state for normal and to hale the courage to celebrate natural forces with elements of Her soul and life, which a priceless treasure of each woman. When women do not follow their voice when intervening in unacceptable situations her views fade, her nature fades and natural world. Love fades as well as the will to repair the world and harmony with nature, The Word lacks fresh air and water, but also the voice of consciousness. Research I have performed confirmed the thesis I had made and allows to precise the desired personality characteristics, needed to shape a survival personality.
Semantyczno-pragmatyczne znaczenie natury
Authors: Łapiński Jacek L.
Published: December 2020

Semantic meaning of the term „nature” comes from the Latin word „nasci” - „to get born”, and Greek words „physis” and „arche”, the substance of the latter two terms is fully explained in the Latin dictionary of A. Forcellini (Klotius Latinitatis Lexicon, 4, Prati 1868, p. 231-232) and the Greek-English dictionary of H. G. Liddell and R. Scott (Greek-English Lexicon, The Clarendon Press, Oxford 1940, 1958, p. 1964-1965.).

Pragmatic sense of the term “nature” depends on the context (physical, philosophical, ecological, anthropological, relative, etc.). It can be also analyzed from two different perspectives: static and dynamic, this situation leads to the triple opposition: natural versus artificial, nature versus culture and nature versus environment. Ultimately, in the pragmatic sense, nature is a category making sense only in relation to the human being. Nature is a set of meanings registered by the human being in his world. Nature is a result of human wisdom and gained knowledge in science, philosophy and so on. Over the whole history of human thinking the true substance of this term has been always variable - determined by various factors: historic periods, philosophical and social trends, religions, different scientific exploration strategies, etc.
Etyczne podstawy polityki zrównoważonego rozwoju
Authors: Ciszek Mariusz
Published: December 2020

The idea of sustainable development set up that at presently living people are responsible for condition of environment and they should leave future generation decent circumstances of life, this imperative of respecting of nature, activity for goods of future generation causes that every politicial operation in this range must be underpinned on certain deciding from range of ethic especially on one of its subdiscipline-environmental ethic. Unfortunately, this ethical discipline is not a monolith, because it is possible to find it’s other streams witch tries to answer a question: why should we protect the nature? Especially two opposition streams deserve notice anthropocentric and biocentric position, witch differently comprehend purpose and bases of protection of nature, the anthropocentrism has on respect goods of the person but biocentrism goods of whole nature, witch one of the many elements is a man. In this publication I try to establish, witch from this two ethical models is most optimal for practical, political programs of accustoming of sustainable development.
Dobrostan zwierząt w naukach humanistycznych i przyrodniczych
Authors: El-Jai Julita
Published: December 2020

In this article I will focus on animal welfare as an example of interdisciplinary (philosophy - food ethics and natural science) issue. Decisions about animal welfare have a scientific, political and ethical meaning. We can notice the increasing animal welfare standards in EU. Consumers in developed countries are concerned about the welfare of animals and demand the appropriate, healthy and safe food, which protects the environment. EU protocol obliging member states to pay full regard to animal welfare in forming relevant policy and legislation.
Content of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Road Asphalt in Olecko
Authors: Chrząścik Ireneusz , Szymalska Magdalena , Kluska Mariusz
Published: December 2020

Przedstawiono ocenę zawartości wielopierścieniowych węglowodorów aromatycznych (WWA) w asfaltach drogowych wyprodukowanych w różnych latach na terenie Polski. Zwrócono uwagę na zagrożenia wynikające podczas kontaktu z asfaltem Estimation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the road asphalt produced in different years in Poland was presented. Attention was paid especially to risks resulting from contact with asphalt and negative influence on life and health of road users. All 5 hydrocarbons recognized by WHO as compounds with carcinogenic activity and have been found in investigated samples, t t e results are situated between 0.1 and 60 pg/kg of dry mass. Simultaneously, it is necessary to emphasize, that asphalt consist of 90 % of aggregates and 10% ofbinder which contains these analyzed compounds.
Edukacja dla zrównoważonego rozwoju w szkołach ponadgimnazjalnych
Authors: Buchcic Elżbieta
Published: December 2020

The aim of the realisation of the material is getting the results of carried on research concerning the fact of finding out to what level contents involving the balanced development during the educational activities was introduced, moreover, what influence of such issues on the creating the right attitudes towards the pro-ecological awareness of young people was.

The balanced development is at present the challenge for creating the awareness not only of the particular society, but also in the widest sense the whole generation of people.

Undertaking such issues the role of education during all stages of teaching should be taken into consideration, especially, in the range of propagating the idea of responsibility for the natural environment with eco-development. It is a specially important element of teaching according to the principle of pro-environmental education to undertake all actions in the educational centers, which aim is to stimulate the environmental awareness of young people as well as to prepare the pedagogical staff to the realization of the wide range of methods and strategies that allow to get the best results during the process of educating young generation.
Dylematy wychowania XXI wieku a rozwój zrównoważony
Authors: Strumińska-Doktór Anna
Published: December 2020

Among the contemporary dilemmas connected with the upbringing, the issue of responsibility for oneself, for others and for the environment in which we live is particularly important, therefore, upbringing cannot be separated from life. It can be interpreted as the entirety of human actions aimed at shaping a human being for responsible fulfillment of roles in family and society.

The contemporary generation has a vital task to perform. It should try to remedy the surrounding reality, the change of habits and attitudes of the next generation depends on the educators’ fresh outlook on the upbringing , the previous educational system did not meet the hope s pinned on it, and related to developing an ecological awareness. Only education enables bringing the relationships existing in the environment closer. Schools initiate many actions in the field of environmental education. Sadly, the commitment of schools varies greatly and is determined by the activity level of the individual teachers, who are not responsible for the implementation of the environmental topics, the lack of supervision over the introduction of questions from this field and the lack of a person responsible, delay education and upbringing for the eco-development.

It is the hands of the young generation that taking up actions rests in; actions which are not harmful and can even save the closest environment, the role of upbringing in this scope cannot be overestimated.
Różnorodność działań podejmowanych w Kielcach na rzecz zrównoważonego rozwoju
Authors: Żeber-Dzikowska Ilona , Buchcic Elżbieta
Published: December 2020

In the article, the information concerning the undertaken actions in favour of the natural environment has been introduced, they refer not only to the changes in the curriculum, but also to the realization of the ecological and sozological presentation in the range of the programme offers dealing with the sources and ecological, cultural and recreation institutions.

The best participation of all interested objects, which influence in the straightforward and not straightforward ways on the local communities, is required to introduce such successful politics.
Ice Cream Cup Production Using Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Poir) as a Substitute Ingredient
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Pulungan Maimunah Hindun , Santoso E F Sri Maryani ,   Universitas Brawijaya
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to define the proportion of purple sweet potato addition as a substitute ingredients of the ice cream edible cup and to reduce its baking time. This study was designed using Central Composite Design (response surface method) with 2 factors, i.e. the proportions of purple sweet potato powder and the baking time with water content, cup resistance, and fracturability as the responses. The main component of purple sweet potato ice cream cup is starch and cellulose as shown by the characteristic of the functional group which are C-H of alkene, C= C of alkyna, C = O of aldehyde/ketone/carboxylic acid/ester, C-C group of aromatic ring, C-O alcohol/ether/carboxylic acid/ester, C-H of aromatic ring and C-H of alkene. The result of the study showed that the the optimum proportion of purple sweet potato powder was 75% and the baking time was 45 minutes with the water content of 4.37%, cup resistance of 253.64 minutes, fracturability of 0.2125 N, protein content of 4.79%, and carbohydrate content of 4.66%. Based on the consumer’s acceptance aspect, purple sweet potato ice cream cup was the mostly liked because of its texture and flavor, meanwhile its color and aroma was the mostly disliked.
Analysis on Product Quality of Semi Refined Carrageenan using Six Sigma and Cost of Poor Quality
Authors:   Hasanuddin University, Bahri Syamsul , Rahmadani Fachriah Nur ,   Hasanuddin University, Darmawan Armin ,   Hasanuddin University
Published: December 2020

The study aimed to minimize defective products to improve the production process quality of PT BI by identifying the most types of defects, calculating Defect per Million Opportunities (DPMO) value, suggesting the quality improvement of the Semi Refined Carrageenan (SRC) production process, and calculating Cost of Poor Quality (COPQ) value. The methods used in this research were Six Sigma and the COPQ. The priority improvement based on the Pareto chart was moisture defects with the percentage of damage of 36.9%. The Sigma level of the production process of PT BI was 3.42 with a defect rate of 27,429 DPMO. The analysis on the cause and effect diagram showed that factors affected the occurrence of defective products were error in reading on moisture content, diverse raw material, the wrong method of mixing raw materials prior to production process, and the lack of inspectors of production process. The most influential-dominant factor was the obsolete machine which causes error in reading on moisture content. The company can take preventive and corrective actions to suppress defective products and improve product quality. Based on the calculation of the COPQ, the costs that must be incurred by the company due to defective products was IDR 1,007,690,694.
Local Spatial Knowledge for Eliciting Risk Factors and Disease Mapping of Tuberculosis Epidemics
Authors: Abdul Rasam Abdul Rauf , Mohd Shariff Noresah , Dony JilorisF , Ling Oliver Hoon Leh
Published: December 2020

Predicting risk areas of tuberculosis (TB) epidemics needs a proper understanding of the disease transmission process in identifying holistic risk factors. This study was performed to determine the causative factors triggering the epidemics in Shah Alam, Malaysia by utilising spatial analysis techniques and participation of local-expert knowledge or local spatial knowledge (LSK) approach. LSK approach was conducted to collect data on TB risk factors by combining experienced local experts' opinions, multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) analysis, and GIS mapping. The combination of experts participatory GIS and knowledge elicitation can generate a useful spatial knowledge framework for risk assessment of local epidemics.
Keywords: Local spatial knowledge, MCDM method, experts participatory GIS, tuberculosis.
eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI2.2522.
Bioetička edukacija na teološkim fakultetima Univerziteta u Sarajevu
Authors: Jašić Orhan , Kaluđerović Željko , Beglerović Samir
Published: December 2020

U okviru Univerziteta u Sarajevu egzistiraju dva teološka fakulteta, Fakultet islamskih nauka i Katolički bogoslovni fakultet. Obje visokoobrazovne institucije dugo vremena nisu bile u sastavu navedenog sveučilišta, budući da su obitavale isključivo pod okriljem religijskih institucija. Na navedenim fakultetima izučavaju se, pored teoloških, i svjetovni moduli, te je primjetno da se polju bioetike daje posebno mjesto kao jednome od neophodnih suvremenih segmenata odgojno-obrazovnog procesa. Analogno rečenome, u tekstu je načinjena razdioba studijskih programa, tj. istaknuto je gradiranje znanstvenih i stručnih ciklusa u obrazovnome procesu, kako na Fakultetu islamskih nauka, gdje se nastava izvodi na dodiplomskom, diplomskom te doktorskom studiju, tako i na Katoličkom bogoslovnom fakultetu, gdje je ustaljen integrirani studij teologije, pored kojega je već nekoliko godina još zastupljen diplomski studij Međureligijski studij i izgradnja mira, koji se provodi u suradnji s Fakultetom islamskih nauka i Pravoslavnim bogoslovskim fakultetom Sv. Vasilija Ostroškog iz Foče. Pravoslavni bogoslovski fakultet je zapravo sastavnica Univerziteta u Istočnome Sarajevu, stoga nije uzet u razmatranje u ovome radu. Autori rada razmatranju bioetičkih problema pristupali su iz pozicije praktičke filozofije, tj. njene grane etike, koristeći pri tome interdisciplinarni i pluriperspektivni pristup. Na osnovi silabusa načinjena je analiza bioetičkih problema primarno iz filozofskog (etičkog) motrišta, analizirani su predmetni udžbenici i literatura. Naravno, vodilo se računa o radovima nastavnika s ovih institucija, koji su pisani iz polja bioetike. Bez obzira na različito religijsko fundiranje bioetičkih problema na ova dva fakulteta,u smislu različitih epistemičkih polazišta islama i kršćanstva, u zaključcima rada ukazano je na točke zajedničkog ,,bioetičkog“ interesa, ali i razilaženja među njima.
Problem ekohistorije u misli Milana Polića
Authors: Krznar Tomislav
Published: December 2020

Radom bismo htjeli povezati nekoliko dimenzija rasprave o odnosu bioetike i obrazovanja. Prvo, htjeli bismo njime pridonijeti raspravi o filozofiji odgoja, posebno promišljajući sadržaje i probleme filozofije odgoja, kako je to učinio hrvatski filozof Milan Polić (1946. - 2015.). Drugo, htjeli bismo osvijetliti sklop bioetičkih problema, posebno sagledanih i kuta obrazovanja, budući da je bioetika i akademsko područje znanja i društveni pokret, konkretno, misaono i životno nastojanje da se promijene okolnosti i dosezi ljudskog života s namjerom da bude manje destruktivan po život u cjelini. Rečeno po definiciji uključuje probleme obrazovanja. Treće, htjeli bismo jednom iznova ocrtati potrebe unošenja bioetičkih sadržaja, a mogli bismo reći i „bioetičkog načina mišljenja“, u strukture akademskog obrazovanja, posebno u programe učiteljskih i odgojiteljskih studija. I u ovoj stvari Polićeva misao može biti od pomoći, iako, kako nastojimo prikazati u ovom radu, Milan Polić zadržava čvrsta uvjerenja u antropocentričke konstrukcije i njihovu realnu primjenu u životu. Unatoč tome, posebno s pozicija njegove kritike obrazovnih sustava, njegova misao može nam biti značajni poticaj za bioetička promišljanja sadržaja obrazovnih procesa i sustava odgoja i obrazovanja u cjelini, što se između ostaloga vidi i u domišljatom korištenju koncepta ekohistorije.
Mogućnosti i granice odgoja za suosjećanje
Authors: Zagorac Ivana
Published: December 2020

U prvome dijelu rada ukratko se analiziraju zagovor odgoja za suosjećanje te poziv na razvoj kulture empatije, kao i koncepti suosjećanja i empatije. U drugome dijelu rada sagledavaju se karakteristike odgoja za suosjećanje, pri čemu se ukazuje na njegovu snagu, ali i ograničenja. Posebno poticajnima u tom pogledu pokazat će se uvidi Jean-Jacquesa Rousseaua. Ističe se isprepletenost odgoja za suosjećanje i društvenih okolnosti: s jedne strane sugerira se da takav odgoj ima potencijal poboljšavanja društvenih i moralnih odnosa u društvu, dok se s druge strane nalazi uvid da su gotovo svakoj devijaciji suosjećanja pridonijeli upravo društveni život, socijalne norme i iskrivljeni moralni standardi. Na tragu zapažanja Davida Humea o odnosu suosjećanja i pravednosti, nadalje se ukazuje na opasnost da odgoj za suosjećanje, koji u prvi plan stavlja pojedinca i njegovu osobnu odgovornost, posluži kao alibi za pasivnost institucija čija je uloga zaštita ranjivih skupina. Zaključuje se da je potrebno ostaviti dovoljno prostora i urediti poticajnu okolinu za razvoj i odgoj suosjećanja, no da nije uputno idealizirati njegovu snagu i bezgraničnost.
Lista de Avaliadores 2020
Authors: Revista Ciências em Saúde
Published: December 2020

Os Editores da Revista Ciências em Saúde, do Hospital de Clínicas de Itajubá, agradecem o primoroso e voluntário trabalho oferecido pelos profissionais listados abaixo, que serviram como pareceristas ad hoc durante o ano de 2020. O sistema de avaliação pelos pares (duplo-cega) depende da atuação isenta, competente e independente destes profissionais, de forma a manter os fundamentos das publicações científicas de qualidade.
Machine Learning Prediction of Foodborne Disease Pathogens: Algorithm Development and Validation Study
Authors: Wang Hanxue , Cui Wenjuan , Guo Yunchang , Du Yi , Zhou Yuanchun
Published: December 2020

Background

Foodborne diseases, as a type of disease with a high global incidence, place a heavy burden on public health and social economy. Foodborne pathogens, as the main factor of foodborne diseases, play an important role in the treatment and prevention of foodborne diseases; however, foodborne diseases caused by different pathogens lack specificity in clinical features, and there is a low proportion of clinically actual pathogen detection in real life.

Objective

We aimed to analyze foodborne disease case data, select appropriate features based on analysis results, and use machine learning methods to classify foodborne disease pathogens to predict foodborne disease pathogens that have not been tested.

Methods

We extracted features such as space, time, and exposed food from foodborne disease case data and analyzed the relationship between these features and the foodborne disease pathogens using a variety of machine learning methods to classify foodborne disease pathogens. We compared the results of 4 models to obtain the pathogen prediction model with the highest accuracy.

Results

The gradient boost decision tree model obtained the highest accuracy, with accuracy approaching 69% in identifying 4 pathogens including Salmonella, Norovirus, Escherichia coli, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. By evaluating the importance of features such as time of illness, geographical longitude and latitude, and diarrhea frequency, we found that they play important roles in classifying the foodborne disease pathogens.

Conclusions

Data analysis can reflect the distribution of some features of foodborne diseases and the relationship among the features. The classification of pathogens based on the analysis results and machine learning methods can provide beneficial support for clinical auxiliary diagnosis and treatment of foodborne diseases.
FEATURES OF OBTAINING A PRIMARY CULTURE OF BREAST CARCINOMA
Authors:   Institute of Medical Cell Technologies, Mogilenskikh A.S. , Sazonov S.V. ,   Institute for Medical Cell Technologies, Sedneva-Lugovets D.V. ,   Institute for Medical Cell Technologies, Demidov S.M. ,   Institute of Medical Cell Technologies
Published: December 2020

Obtaining a primary culture of human breast carcinoma is accompanied by various difficulties: obtaining the required cell population, early aging, poor culture adhesion. The aim of the study is to compare the growth of the primary culture on nutrient media — Epicult and Mammocult using different precipitates and coatings — adhesive, collagen and non-adhesive coating. Materials and methods. The samples obtained during the operation were dissociated and placed under various conditions for cultivation in 48-well plates. After 7 days, the cells were fixed and stained with DAPI fluorescent dye, and the cells were counted using the ImageG program. Results. During the morphological evaluation of cells, two groups of attached cells were identified: closely spaced triangular cells, nuclei tightly adjacent to each other — epithelial phenotype and cells with numerous processes, nuclei located far from each other — fibroblast-like phenotype. During the experiment, control was carried out on the 1st, 5th and 7th days. In the Epiculttm medium, as well as in the Mammoculttm medium, an increase in the number of cells and the formation of «mammospheres» by cells in the study of 1 sediment, covered with collagen, is observed. Conclusion. Problems in the cultivation of two-dimensional cell culture can be solved by using a support – collagen, as well as using an enriched medium or a commercial medium.
Effect of Biochar and Compost from Chicken, Goat, and Cow Manure on Cultivation of Red Chili (Capsicum annuum L)
Authors: Mahendra Kadek Adi , Yohanes Parlindungan Situmeang  , Made Suarta
Published: December 2020

Abstract

 

This study aims to determine the effect of compost and biochar fertilizer at a dose of 15 tons ha-1 made from livestock manure and its interaction on the growth and yield of red chili plants. This research was conducted in Blahkiuh Village, Abiansemal District, Badung Regency, Bali with an altitude of 400-500 m above sea level. This research was started from February 2020 to July 2020. The design used in this study was a factorial randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 2 factors, namely: chicken compost with 4 levels and biochar 2 levels by testing the types of compost and biochar. The interaction between the treatment effect with the type of compost and the type of chicken biochar had no significant effect on all observed variables. The treatment of compost application had a significant to very significant effect on most of the observed variables, except for the number of leaves, which had no significant effect. The treatment of chicken biochar dosing had a significant to very significant effect on most variables except for the maximum number of leaves and fresh weight per fruit, which had no significant effect. The results showed that the highest fresh fruit weight was obtained in the type of compost given by chicken livestock, namely 1499.56 g or an increase of 46.46% compared to the lowest treatment obtained without compost, namely 1023.85 g. To increase the growth and yield of red chili plants, it is recommended to use compost types of chicken livestock and chicken biochar at a dose of 15 tonnes ha-1 and further research is needed on the provision of biochar and compost types at different locations and types of plants.

 

Keywords:  compost, biochar, and chili plants.
V.D. Bonch-Bruyevich’s Archive in the State Museum of the History of Religion as a Source on the History of Church-State Relations after the Revolution of 1917
Authors:   Denis D. Pyzikov St. Petersburg State University, Pyzikov Denis D.
Published: December 2020

This article deals with the specifics of church-state relations after The Russian Revolution – an event that completely changed the world history, and in particular the history of the church. This theme is important not only for contribution of new facts and assessments to known data, but also for current status of the church, its relations with the authorities in the Russian Federation and the re-evaluation of the state heritage of the Soviet Union. Despite the sufficient amount of studies and sourcebooks, archive of V.D. BonchBruyevich at the State Museum of the History of Religion can provide new facts and documents to fill the gaps in history and re-evaluate certain events. The list of archival documents on the subject consists of decrees, personal correspondence, appeals, and also periodicals. This group of documents hasn’t been the object of any study, as well as V.D. Bonch-Bruyevich’s archive in whole.
Evangelicalism as a Political Mobilizer in Latin American Politics and the Reemergence of Conservative Governments
Authors:   Joel Ivan Gonzalez Cedillo St. Petersburg State University, Cedillo Joel Ivan Gonzalez
Published: December 2020

Evangelicalism has experienced a rapid increase in Latin America the last four decades at the expense of Catholicism, as believers look for a more personal relation with God, a more practical religious life and detaching from the institutionality the Catholic Church represents. Due to the nature of Evangelicalism, believers started to get involved into the political life of their countries. The author analyses the use of discursive elements of Evangelicalism by conservative parties in Guatemala and Brazil to gain political power. Such phenomenon is reciprocal as Evangelical leaders take advantage of the exposure and reach they will get once conservative politicians gain power. The goal of the author is to visibilize the existing alliance between the Evangelical communities and conservative political parties in Latin America and the effects it has on secular democracies. The author gets to the conclusion that Latin American secular democracies that allow the participation of resourceful religious institutions or individuals in the political life risk the continuation of the secular democratic state
The Status of Muslim Communities in the Altai in the Context of State-Confessional Policy in the 1960s – 1980s
Authors:   Petr K. Dashkovskiy Altai State University, Dashkovskiy Petr K. , Shershneva Elena A. ,   Elena A. Shershneva Altai State University
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the attitude to Muslim communities in the USSR in the 1960s–1980s. Special attention is paid to the status of Muslims in the Altai, where during the existence of the Russian empire period, lived a significant number of followers of this religion. Special attention is paid to the attitude of the state to the Islamic communities as elements of the preservation of national identity of a large part of the soviet people. The authors come to the conclusion that the preservation of Islamic traditions in a large part of the population of the Soviet State was identified with the observance of traditions and self-identification with a particular ethnic group. Islam had been playing the role of an ethnic marker for centuries, as confirmed by years of anti-religious propaganda. During the 1960s–1980s, the preservation of religious worldview among “ethnic Muslims” is still noted, which is well confirmed by archival materials. The policy of the Soviet government towards Muslim communities was not always carried out in an unambiguous way. As evidenced by historical materials, even since the mid-1960s, when the course of liberalization of religious policy was planned to a certain extent, Muslim communities also remain under close control by the commissioners for religious affairs. The article also reflects the facts of professional competence of the commissioners for religious affairs in the regions, the activities of which largely depended on the implementation of state and religious policy in the field.
The Origin of the Term “the Paganism of the Eastern Slavs” in the Russian Scientific Literature: the “Pagan Past” and Historical Memory
Authors:   Alexander A. Lushnikov Penza State University, Lushnikov Alexander A.
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the genesis of the definition “the paganism of the Eastern Slavs” in the works of Russian historians in the 18th–19th centuries. The author determines the sources of that terminology and considers its methodological and ideological sense. He compares the definitions of Old Russian antipagan texts and first Russian scientific works on history and mythology. The medieval literature contained a lot of concepts, but one can’t find their any mention about “paganism” as phenomenon as well as the word “paganism”. Old Russian authors mostly wrote about “pagan people” as social and religious group and gave them the concrete features depending of the context. The awareness with “paganism” as a phenomenon should relate to the scientific works on history and mythology. This definition firstly appeared in the lexicons of E. Veisman and I.K. Adelung with their Russian translation of the Latin “gentile” and German “heidentum”. Also one can find it in the “Russian history” of V.N. Tatishchev who used “Cimbrische Heyden Religion” written by Arnkiel Trogilliusas as one of the important source. However, it took a while to make this definition to become central in the scientific literature. At the beginning of the 19th century, a lot of authors preferred to use the word “basnoslovie”. The definition “paganism” became fundamental with the issue of the great work N.M. Karamsin after all. Such history of this word reveals not only its complexity and ambiguity but the argumentativeness of the traditional view of “paganism” as a product of the church literature only.
Central Anti-Religious Museum in Moscow: Historical Landmarks (1929–1947)
Authors:   Ekaterina A. Teryukova State Museum of the History of Religion, Teryukova Ekaterina A.
Published: December 2020

The study focuses on the activities of the Central Anti-Religious Museum (CAM) in Moscow – an issue previously overlooked by historians. The article considers different aspects of its work during the brief period from 1929 to 1947 relating to the establishment and closure of the museum as well as provides an overview of the key areas of its collection, expedition, research and exhibition work. The article also follows the development of the CAM’s highly skilled research team that investigated rudimentary religious practices of ethnicities inhabiting the USSR and the gradual disappearance of these practices. The growing research potential of the CAM and the museum’s evolution from a propagandist institution into a history museum led to the renaming of the CAM to the Central Museum of the History of Religion and Atheism in 1942, upon which the museum passed from the auspices of the League of Militant Atheists into the charge of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
From the History of Shamanism: Images of Shamanic Assistant Spirits on the Petroglyphs of the Upper Amur and Aldan (Article Two)
Authors:   Tatyana Yu. Sem Russian Museum of Ethnography, Sem Tatyana Yu.
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the history of shamanism and interpret the images on the petroglyphs of the Upper Amur, Olekma and Aldan rivers, dating back to 2000–1000 BC. Important role in the petroglyphs is played by the images of the Supreme gods and forest spirits that were accessed by shamans and shamanic spirit-helpers. The opposition of light and dark spirits-assistants in the form of deer and bear riders symbolizing the two worlds of the universe – the upper and lower ones – stands out among the latter. The first rider was accompanied by mushroom-shaped spirits, the second one – by hammer-shaped, sharp-headed spirits. The first spirits were associated with the mushroom ritual drink from used during the ritual to communicate with the gods, and the second ones – with farriery. Images of one-legged and two-legged hunchbacks and mother goddesses were widespread as well. The scene of making a sacrifice to the spirits highlights two shamanic guardian spirits: the first is depicted with a radiant head; the second is a sharp-headed one, having similarities with main shamanic patron spirits of the Tungus-Manchus – Buchu and Manga. Images of spirits-assistants of shamans in the form of one-legged hunchbacks, deer and bear riders, mushroom idols and mother goddesses depicted in the petroglyphs of the Upper Amur and Aldan rivers also have direct correspondences in shamanism of Tungus-Manchu peoples (Evenks, Nanais, Udege) that testifies to participation of ancient Upper Amur tribes in ethnocultural genesis of Tungus-Manchurians. Some plots of the sacrificial ritual are genetically related to the Okunev culture, probably also being genetic and cultural impulses for the Upper Amur population of the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age. The opposition of the spirits of the light and dark sides of the sky has analogues in the culture of the Yakuts and Buryats. Blacksmith ongons as the assistant spirits of the shamans are found in the Buryat culture. This indicates the participation of the Upper Amur tribes of the Bronze Age in the cultural genesis of some peoples of Siberia
Hybrid Max-Min Genetic Algorithm for Load Balancing and Task Scheduling in Cloud Environment
Authors:   PDA College of Engineering, Kodli Shilpa , Terdal Sujata ,   PDA College of Engineering
Published: December 2020

In recent decades, task scheduling and load balancing in the cloud is a growing research area, due to the vast amount of data stored in the server highly increases the load. In order to address this concern, Hybrid Max-Min Genetic Algorithm (HMMGA) is proposed for task scheduling and load balancing in the cloud environment. At first, the load is evaluated for every Virtual Machine (VM), if the load is high, then HMMGA is used for balancing the load. HMMGA selects the best VMs to assign the tasks and migrates the over-loaded VMs tasks to the under-loaded VMs. HMMGA significantly avoids the imbalanced workload performance in the cloud environment. In this research paper, the proposed HMMGA performance is compared to Max-Min algorithm, Low time complexity and low cost binary Particle Swarm Optimizer (IBPSO-LBS) and PSO with Technique of Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) algorithm to examine the efficacy of HMMGA. From the experimental simulation, the result shows that HMMGA averagely delivers 1.63 and 3.88 seconds less make span compared to the Max-Min and TOPSIS-PSO algorithm for five VMs. In addition, HMMGA averagely enhances 10% to 40% of resource utilization than the MaxMin and TOPSIS-PSO algorithm. In another experiment, the HMMGA approximately showed 1.7 to 25.99 seconds less average waiting time compared to the Max-Min and IBPSO-LBS.
An Efficient Secured PIT Management and Attack Detection Strategy Enhanced by CSOA-DCNN Algorithm in a Named Data Networking (NDN)
Authors:   Perunthalaivar Kamarajar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Buvanesvari Ramachandira , Joseph Kanagaraj ,   Pondicherry University
Published: December 2020

Named Data Networking (NDN) is a developing Internet design that utilizes a new network communication model dependent on the identity of Internet content. Its core component, the Pending Interest Table (PIT) serves an important role of recording Interest packet information. In managing PIT, the issue of flow PIT measuring has been very challenging because of the huge use of long Interest lifetime especially when there is no adaptable replacement strategy, subsequently affecting PIT performance. Named Data Networking (NDN) might experience some emerging threats such as Interest Flooding Attacks (IFA). In this paper, we focus on the IFA that can seriously devour the memory resource for the Pending Interest Table (PIT) of each included NDN router by flooding a huge amount of malicious Interests with spoofed names. To extricate the pressure of PIT attacked by IFA, we propose a methodology of efficient Secured PIT management and attack detection strategy by using a cuckoo search optimization algorithmDeep convolutional neural network (CSOA-DCNN) algorithm in Named Data Network. The CSO algorithm initially utilizes a learning technique and afterward considers improved search operators and deep convolutional neural network architecture (DCNN) for classification. The network simulation tool is utilized to design and calculate PIT management. The results of the study on a 20 Gbps gateway trace shows that the corresponding PIT contains 1.5 M entries, and the lookup, insert and delete frequencies are 1.4 M/s, 0.9 M/s and 0.9 M/s. The contribution of this study is significant for Interest packet management in NDN routing and forwarding systems.
Online Tuning of Hyperparameters in Deep LSTM for Time Series Applications
Authors:   King Faisal University, Bakhashwain Norah , Sagheer Alaa ,   King Faisal University
Published: December 2020

Deep learning is one of the most remarkable artificial intelligence trends. It stands behind numerous recent achievements in several domains, such as speech processing, and computer vision, to mention a few. Accordingly, these achievements have sparked great attention to employing deep learning in time series modelling and forecasting. It is known that the deep learning algorithms built on neural networks contain multiple hidden layers, which make the computation of deep neural network challenging and, sometimes, complex. The reason for this complexity is that obtaining an outstanding and consistent result from such deep architecture requires optimizing many parameters known as hyperparameters. Doubtless, hyperparameter tuning plays a critical role in improving the performance of deep learning. This paper proposes an online tuning approach for the hyperparameters of deep long short-term memory (DLSTM) model in a dynamic fashion. The proposed approach adapts to learn any time series based application, particularly the applications that contain streams of data. The experimental results show that the dynamic tuning of the DLSTM hyperparameters performs better than the original static tuning fashion.
Mutual Information Pre-processing Based Broken-stick Linear Regression Technique for Web User Behaviour Pattern Mining
Authors:   CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Raman Gokulapriya , Raj Ganesh ,   CHRIST (Deemed to be University)
Published: December 2020

Web usage behaviour mining is a substantial research problem to be resolved as it identifies different user’s behaviour pattern by analysing web log files. But, accuracy of finding the usage behaviour of users frequently accessed web patterns was limited and also it requires more time. Mutual Information Pre-processing based Broken-Stick Linear Regression (MIP-BSLR) technique is proposed for refining the performance of web user behaviour pattern mining with higher accuracy. Initially, web log files from Apache web log dataset and NASA dataset are considered as input. Then, Mutual Information based Pre-processing (MI-P) method is applied to compute mutual dependence between the two web patterns. Based on the computed value, web access patterns which relevant are taken for further processing and irrelevant patterns are removed. After that, Broken-Stick Linear Regression analysis (BLRA) is performed in MIPBSLR for Web User Behaviour analysis. By applying the BLRA, the frequently visited web patterns are identified. With the identification of frequently visited web patterns, MIP-BSLR technique exactly predicts the usage behaviour of web users, and also increases the performance of web usage behaviour mining. Experimental evaluation of MIPBSLR method is conducted on factors such as pattern mining accuracy, false positives, time requirements and space requirements with respect to number of web patterns. Outcomes show that the proposed technique improves the pattern mining accuracy by 14%, and reduces the false positive rate by 52%, time requirement by 19% and space complexity by 21% using Apache web log dataset as compared to conventional methods. Similarly, the pattern mining accuracy of NASA dataset is increased by 16% with the reduction of false positive rate by 47%, time requirement by 20% and space complexity by 22% as compared to conventional methods.
QALPA- An Efficient QoS Aware Hybrid Localization Model Using Particle Swarm Optimization and Ant Colony Optimization for Cognitive Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors:   Poojya Dodappa Appa College of Engineering, Halkai Abhijit , Terdal Sujatha ,   Poojya Dodappa Appa College of Engineering
Published: December 2020

A sensor network operates wirelessly and transmits detected information to the base station. The sensor is a small sized device, it is battery-powered with some electrical components, and the protocols should operate efficiently in such least resource availability. Here, we propose a novel improved framework in large scale applications where the huge numbers of sensors are distributed over an area. The designed protocol will address the issues that arise during its communication and give a consistent seamless communication system. The process of reasoning and learning in cognitive sensors guarantees data delivery in the network. Localization in Scarce and dense sensor networks is achieved by efficient cluster head election and route selection which are indeed based on cognition, improved Particle Swarm Optimization, and improved Ant Colony Optimization algorithms. Factors such as mobility, use of sensor buffer, power management, and defects in channels have been identified and solutions are presented in this research to build an accurate path based on the network context. The achieved results in extensive simulation prove that the proposed scheme outperforms ESNA, NETCRP, and GAECH algorithms in terms of Delay, Network lifetime, Energy consumption.
A QRS-Detection Algorithm for Real-Time Applications
Authors:   University of Babylon, Khalaf Akram , Mohammed Samir ,   University of Babylon
Published: December 2020

The QRS detection algorithm is substantial for healthcare monitoring and diagnostic applications. A low error detection without adding more computation is a big challenge for researchers. The proposed QRS detection algorithm is a simple, real-time, and high-performance hybrid technique based on decision tree and artificial neural networks (ANN). In this study, the five stages algorithm is designed, implemented, and evaluated for wearable healthcare applications. The first stage is filtering the original ECG signal to reduce the noise and baseline wandering. After that, a maximum or minimum moving-window for positive or negative peaks respectively is searching R-peaks for any expected value and finding the Q and S corresponding to this R-peak. Only these values from all ECG samples are passed to the next stage for feature extraction to reduce the algorithm computation. Stage four is excluded any unlikely points using the mean of the slope and level based on a simple decision tree. Finally, artificial neural networks are designed to classify the rest point for QRS detection using ANNs for each peak polarity to improve the network’s performance by separating the data as a positive or negative peak. The algorithm is evaluated based on MATLAB using the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database, and the results show a low error rate detection of 0.25%, high sensitivity of 99.86%, and high predictivity of 99.89%. We develop a new approach for real-time QRS detection with low resources and high efficiency compared with other approaches.
Medical Images Enhanced by Using Fuzzy Logic Depending on Contrast Stretch Membership Function
Authors:   Mustansiriyah University, Ali Rafid , Abbas Asaad ,   Mustansiriyah University, Daway Hazim ,   Mustansiriyah University
Published: December 2020

Medical images are often adversely affected by a lack of clarity due to the limited representation of the color gamut. In this research, three types of medical images microscopic, magnetic resonance and x-ray images were enhanced by using a Fuzzy Logic by Stretch Membership Function (FLSMF). The Stretch Membership Function increased the dynamic range for the compounds red, green and blue in the medical images which have a few ranges. The FLSMF algorithm was compared with other methods by calculating the entropy value, wavelet quality evaluator and lightness order error. The analysis of the results showed that the proposed method succeeded in enhancing the contrast of the different types of medical images where it had high average values for the entropy (6.95) and wavelet quality evaluator (0.08), and a small average value for the lightness order error (60.77).
Ontology Meter for Twitter Fake Accounts Detection
Authors:   University of Babylon, Jabardi Mohammed , Hadi Asaad ,   University of Babylon
Published: December 2020

One of the most popular social media platforms, Twitter is used by millions of people to share information, broadcast tweets, and follow other users. Twitter is an open application programming interface and thus vulnerable to attack from fake accounts, which are primarily created for advertisement and marketing, defamation of an individual, consumer data acquisition, increase fake blog or website traffic, share disinformation, online fraud, and control. Fake accounts are harmful to both users and service providers, and thus recognizing and filtering out such content on social media is essential. This study presents a new approach to detect fake Twitter accounts using ontology and Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) rules. SWRL rules-based reasoner is utilized under predefined rules to infer whether the profile is trust or fake. This approach achieves a high detection accuracy of 97%. Furthermore, ontology classifier is an interpretable model that offers straightforward and human-interpretable decision rules.