bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Viral Hepatitis B and C In Newly Married Persons
Authors: Abdulzahra Ala'a Abdulhussain , Hmood Abdulhamza Rajooj , Naji Mohammed Younus
Published: April 2023

Objectives: The aim of study is to discover newly married persons infected with HBV and HCV they are received blood and or having dental manipulation in Najaf city and how to Prevent transmission of these diseases.
Methodology: Total of 200 newly married persons, 100 males and 100 females, with an age ranged between 15-40 years (mean age 21.9 ± 6.1 SD years). The study was conducted in central health laboratory in Al Najaf city. All recruited persons had their ages, sex and case histories recorded on an already prepared data sheet and subjected to virological tests of HBsAg and HCV Abs, also other tests like aspartate transaminase (AST), Alanine transaminase (ALT), and total serum bilirubin. The data analyzed by using methods of descriptive statistics and inferential
Results: The patients with hepatitis B viral infection were 12 patients, two male and ten female. There were increased incidence of seropositive for HBsAg in patients who were female gender 10 (10%), younger than 25 years 7 (7%), history of dental manipulation 9 (22.5%) with personal history of jaundice 5 (19.2%), there were statistically significant (p= 0.01 ,0.01, 0.000 and 0.02 respectively). Also lab finding include raised transaminase 6 (60%), and raised total serum bilirubin 2 (50%) as compared in those with seronegative HBsAg, these differences were statistically significant (p=0.000, 0.000 and 0.000 respectively). The patients with hepatitis C viral infection were three patients, one male and two female. There were increased incidence of seropositive for HCV Abs in patients who had history of blood transfusion 2 (50%) there was statistically significant(p= 0.000 ). Also lab finding include raised transaminase 6 (60%) as compared in those with seronegative HBsAg, these differences were statistically significant (p=0.000 and 0.002 respectively).
Conclusions: The total of 200 newly married couple persons were enrolled in the study. The predictors for developing hepatitis B infection in this study that female, younger than 25 years old, with history of dental manipulation as dental polishing or dental extraction, blood transfusion and who had abnormal liver function tests. While the predictors for developing hepatitis C infection in this study that those who were asymptomatic patients with history of blood transfusion and raised transaminase enzymes.
Recommendation: The study recommend that all newly married peoples should be investigated for hepatitis B and C and if possible other transmissible viruses to diagnose them earlier and prevent transmission
Impact of impaired pulmonary function on clinical outcomes in survivors of severe COVID-19 without pre-existing respiratory disease
Authors: Gorski Benedetto1 Igor , Maya Cardoso da Silva1 Ravena , Moreira Hetzel1 Guilherme , da Silva Viana1 Gabriel , Reis Guimarães1 Amanda , Folador1 Luciano , Bohrer Brentano1 Vicente , Severo Garcia1 Tiago , Pinto Ribeiro1 Sergio , de Tarso Roth Dalcin1 Paulo , Basso Gazzana1 Marcelo , Cortozi Berton1 Danilo
Published: April 2023

Objective: To investigate the impact of impaired pulmonary function on patient-centered outcomes after hospital discharge due to severe COVID-19 in patients without preexisting respiratory disease. Methods: This is an ongoing prospective cohort study evaluating patients (> 18 years of age) 2-6 months after hospital discharge due to severe COVID-19. Respiratory symptoms, health-related quality of life, lung function, and the six-minute walk test were assessed. A restrictive ventilatory defect was defined as TLC below the lower limit of normal, as assessed by plethysmography. Chest CT scans performed during hospitalization were scored for the presence and extent of parenchymal abnormalities. Results: At a mean follow-up of 17.2 ± 5.9 weeks after the diagnosis of COVID-19, 120 patients were assessed. Of those, 23 (19.2%) reported preexisting chronic respiratory diseases and presented with worse lung function and exertional dyspnea at the follow-up visit in comparison with their counterparts. When we excluded the 23 patients with preexisting respiratory disease plus another 2 patients without lung volume measurements, a restrictive ventilatory defect was observed in 42/95 patients (44%). This subgroup of patients (52.4% of whom were male; mean age, 53.9 ± 11.3 years) showed reduced resting gas exchange efficiency (DLCO), increased daily-life dyspnea, increased exertional dyspnea and oxygen desaturation, and reduced health-related quality of life in comparison with those without reduced TLC (50.9% of whom were male; mean age, 58.4 ± 11.3 years). Intensive care need and higher chest CT scores were associated with a subsequent restrictive ventilatory defect. Conclusions: The presence of a restrictive ventilatory defect approximately 4 months after severe COVID-19 in patients without prior respiratory comorbidities implies worse clinical outcomes.
Evaluation of Children’s Perceptions after Frenectomy: Diode Laser vs. Conventional Scalpel Technique
Authors: Alan Raif , Gezgin Onur , Korkut Emre , Özer Hazal
Published: April 2023

Objective: The presence of abnormal frenum may cause aesthetic or functional problems, which can be prevented by frenectomy operation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare children's perceptions of pain, speech and chewing difficulties after conventional scalpel technique and diode laser-assisted frenectomy operations.
Material and Methods: Twenty-one patients, aged 10 to 16 years, who were indicated for Frenectomy were assigned to be treated with conventional scalpel technique or diode laser. In the comparison between both techniques, the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale was used to evaluate pain immediately after surgery and pain, speech and chewing difficulties at days 1, 3, 7, and 10 following the procedure. Factors such as duration of surgery, use of anaesthetic, and need for analgesics were also recorded. Moreover, Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale was used to evaluate the dental anxiety levels of parents about their children.
Results: When compared to the conventional scalpel technique, it was found that the surgery took shorter, and no postoperative analgesic was needed in the group that underwent Diode laser surgery. In addition, as the age of the children increased, the anxiety levels of the parents decreased. When the postoperative perceptions of pain and functional discomforts were evaluated, there was no significant difference between the groups.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, Diode laser provided benefits such as significantly shortening the operation time and not requiring surgical sutures and analgesics in children. It may also allow the use of less infiltrative anaesthetic during the operation.
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome in a Pregnant Patient with Azathioprine-Induced Hepatitis and Cholestasis
Authors: Aljuhani Tahani
Published: April 2023

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH) is a central nervous system condition that specifically affects vision and hearing. Descriptions of this disease date back to the 12th century, but the disease is named after three 20th-century physicians who described the collective manifestations of this disease. Alfred Vogt initially described bilateral iridocyclitis and eyebrow depigmentation in 1906, followed by Yoshizo Koyanagi’s 1926 description of bilateral serous detachments in association with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis. Einosuke Harada identified the integumentary symptoms of the condition shortly thereafter. The disease presents with signs and symptoms of a loss of immune tolerance to melanocytes within the meninges, eyes, skin, hair, and ears [1]. The exact etiology of VKH is not firmly established, but current theories posit that patients develop T cell-mediated immunity against melanocytes following recovery from an inciting viral environmental factor [2]. Recent genetic studies have implicated the presence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) cell surface markers HLA-DRB4, HLA-DRB1-04*05, and HLA-DRB-04*01, as well as non-HLA genes involving lymphocyte regulations in IL-12 production and IL-17 production [3,4]. Downregulation of microRNA in the production of interleukins and changes in non-coding RNA may also play a role in this condition [5].
Análise e comparação técnica e econômica de alternativas de processamento de lodo de estações de tratamento de esgotos sanitários para uso em solos
Authors: Carvalho Boratto Débora , von Sperling Marcos
Published: April 2023

Um dos desafios para a ampliação do uso de lodo de esgoto em solos no Brasil é a ausência de informações técnicas e econômicas genéricas acerca das diversas alternativas tecnológicas de processamento. Frente a essa lacuna, o presente trabalho objetiva avaliar e comparar, por meio de índices unitários, aspectos técnicos (requisitos de área, energia e matéria prima) e econômicos (CAPEX e OPEX) de arranjos de processamento de lodo para uso em solos como opções alternativas à destinação em aterro sanitário. Os resultados apontam que, para ETEs de diferentes portes, existem um ou mais arranjos de tratamento de lodo para posterior destinação produtiva em solos que apresentam custos totais (CAPEX + VPL do OPEX em 20 anos) mais baixos do que aqueles obtidos para os arranjos com disposição em aterro sanitário. Os índices demonstram ser uma importante ferramenta de subsídio para estudos de concepção e viabilidade, bem como para o fomento às práticas de economia circular no setor de saneamento.
Palavras-chave: Lodo de esgoto. Biossólidos. Índice de custo. Aterro sanitário. Uso em solos. Estações de tratamento de esgoto.
Estudo da composição dos gases de aterro sanitário sob diferentes condições de bombeamento
Authors: Alves Cavalcante Cássia Liliane , Oliveira Santos Gemmelle
Published: April 2023

O estudo objetivou avaliar a influência das alterações na pressão de bombeamento sobre a qualidade e a vazão dos gases em 6 poços do Aterro Sanitário de Caucaia-CE, sendo 2 poços verticais de PEAD, 2 poços verticais de concreto e 2 poços horizontais de PEAD. O monitoramento ocorreu entre maio de 2019 e março de 2020, totalizando 12 campanhas. Para as leituras das concentrações foi utilizado o Leitor de Gás GEM5000 e realizados ajustes na pressão de sucção com a válvula do cabeçote 25% aberta, 50, 75 e 100%. Nos poços monitorados, a concentração de CH4 variou entre 56,4 e 58,7%, a concentração de CO2 variou de 37,4% a 39,9%, a concentração de Outros Gases variou de 2,1% a 4,8% e a concentração de O2 variou de 0,3 a 0,9%. Cada poço teve uma particular condição de operação; entretanto, considerando a maior concentração de metano e menor presença de contaminantes, foi possível concluir que a abertura de 25% (pressão entre -1,39 e -2,18mb) foi a ideal para otimização da captação. Palavras-chave: Resíduos sólidos. Aterro sanitário. Gases.
Iniciativas públicas e privadas de estímulo à pesquisa e inovação no saneamento básico brasileiro
Authors: Couto Ribeiro Beatriz , Bin Adriana , Pavan Serafim Milena
Published: April 2023

O artigo analisa regulações, políticas e programas em nível nacional e subnacional, assim como iniciativas no âmbito privado que dão suporte à pesquisa e inovação no setor de saneamento básico brasileiro. Tal pesquisa foi construída por meio de análise documental e aplicação de estruturas analíticas em leis, portarias e editais distinguindo as diferentes naturezas dessas iniciativas. Os resultados demonstram uma predominância de políticas de oferta no setor que sofrem com instabilidade nas fontes de financiamento em nível federal. Ao mesmo tempo, verifica-se o crescendo, em nível estatal, de iniciativas de empresas e associações que visam ao incentivo a startups. Ao longo da pesquisa, verificou-se que apesar de o Estado nacional se afastar e diminuir os seus esforços na promoção ativa do desenvolvimento da pesquisa e inovação no saneamento básico brasileiro, ele ainda constitui um ator central para fomentá-lo. Frente a esse cenário, fazem-se necessárias novas estratégias para promoção da pesquisa e da inovação no saneamento básico brasileiro e a inclusão de novos atores no setor, entre eles startups.
Palavras-chave: Saneamento Básico. Pesquisa e Inovação. Brasil.
ОЦЕНКА ПРОДОЛЖИТЕЛЬНОСТИ КРИТИЧЕСКОГО ПЕРИОДА ВРЕДОНОСНОСТИ СОРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ В ПОСЕВАХ ОЗИМОГО ЯЧМЕНЯ РАЗНЫХ ГРУПП СПЕЛОСТИ
Authors: Макаева А.З. , Оказова З.П. , Амаева А.Г.
Published: April 2023

Цель исследования – определение вредоносности сорных растений посевов гибридов озимого ячменя различных групп спелости в лесостепной зоне Чеченской Республики. В посевах озимого ячменя сорта Эспада воздушно-сухая масса сорнополевого компонента возрастает в 25 раз, а в посевах сорта Достойный – в 22,7 раза. С ростом количества сорнополевого компонента наблюдается как внутривидовая, так и межвидовая конкуренция. Урожайность посева озимого ячменя, чистого от сорной растительности 7,26 т/га. По мере увеличения плотности произрастания сорнополевого компонента на единице снижение урожая достигло 43,6 %. Можно говорить об обратной коррелятивной связи между численностью сорных растений и урожайностью озимого ячменя.
ПРИЕМЫ ВЫРАЩИВАНИЯ РАННЕСПЕЛЫХ СОРТОВ КАРТОФЕЛЯ В СООТВЕТСТВИИ ПОЧВЕННО-КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИМ УСЛОВИЯМ ЧР И ИХ ВЛИЯНИЕ НА РОСТ УРОЖАЯ
Authors: Джамбетов А.М. , Адымханов Л.К.
Published: April 2023

Особо важное значение для получения хорошего урожая картофеля на посевных площадях ЧР имеет структура почвы и ее механический состав. Выращивание картофеля с получением качественной продукции в почвенно-климатических условиях в ЧР удается слабо. Однако большую роль при этом играет адаптация сельскохозяйственной культуры, в том числе и сорт, вводимый в новые почвенно-климатические условия. Поэтому необходимо ввести определенные изменения в технологию выращивания картофеля, соответствующие структуре и механическому составу почвы, для возделывания картофеля в условиях Чеченской Республике. Качественная подготовка почвы и посадочного материала, обусловливает повышение урожайности, улучшение качества продукции и товарного вида клубней. Основной причиной низкого урожая и некачественной продукции картофеля (при использовании хорошего сорта) является структура и состав почвы, также некачественная подготовка посадочного материала. Важно для посадки использовать клубни более крупных размеров не ниже 3см в диаметре.
A Case Study on the Effect of Motivation and ICT on EFL in Morocco
Authors: SAKALE SANA , ALAOUI HICHAMI TAOUFIK
Published: April 2023

This paper investigates the effect of motivation and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on the teaching and learning process of English in Morocco. Extrinsic and intrinsic factors (Malone and Lepper, 1987) were identified to influence students' motivation for enhanced classroom engagement. Humanistic (Maslow, A. 1954, 1974), behavioral (Skinner, BF, 1938), and social (Kurt, L. 1951) approaches were used to arrive at these conclusions. We have used a quantitative method to collect data from students and teachers in Moroccan high schools by using questionnaires. The results showed that ICT not only helps to establish the student-centered model of learning, but also motivates instructors to create an atmosphere that stimulates student engagement, boosts their interest in English and develops classroom interaction.
Basic and clinical insights of Mu (μ)-opioid receptor in cancer
Authors: Ding Ruidong , Zhao Yiming , Li Jia , Zhao Siyuan , Su Dingyuan , Zhang Yue , Wang Jia-Yi , Lv Shuangyu , Ji Xinying
Published: April 2023

Cancer is a public health problem that is extremely harmful to people’s health. Most cancer patients experience severe pain in the advanced stage, which will seriously affect their prognosis. At present, opioids, such as morphine, have been used as the drug of choice for treating moderate to severe cancer-related pain. Mu (μ)-opioid receptor (MOR) is expressed in many different cancer cells. In this article, we present the relationship between MOR and tumor pathophysiology; summarize the molecular mechanism and effect of MOR on tumor proliferation and progression, tumor angiogenesis, tumor immunity, and cancer therapy; and propose the future research direction of MOR for cancer treatment. MOR could be as a promising prognostic biomarker and immune checkpoint in cancer therapy.
Lipofilling Technique For Facial Lipoatrophy Secondary to Lupus Profundus: A Case Report
Authors: Imane El Aissaoui
Published: April 2023

Lupus profundus is a rare clinical form of cutaneous lupus erythematosus, often affecting the face and causes unsightly atrophic persisting scars, despite remission of the dysimmune process. The authors report here a case of major sequelae of lupus profundus treated by lipofilling.
Risk Factors and Microbiological Outcome in Neonatal Sepsis: A Clinical Study
Authors: Reddy I Venugopal
Published: April 2023

Infection is the predominant cause of neonatal deaths universally. Neonatal deaths (30-50%) every year is caused due to sepsis. Due to nosocomial infections and their associated morbidities, cost and mortality, betterment of neonatal outcomes is complicated as hospitals in developing countries are at major risk for the transmission of infection. The present study aimed to analyse sepsis risk factors and microbiological outcome in the NICU and post-natal ward. The study diagnosed the affected neonates as earliest possible so that suitable antibiotic treatment can be done without adding to the burden of antibiotic resistance. In this study, 94% of babies with neonatal sepsis were discharged and 6% of babies succumbed to the illness. Low birth weight between 1500-2500 grams was noted as an important contributing factor to sepsis in babies. PROM was found to be greater than 18 hours in (46%) of cases. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the common pathogen amongst gram negative bacteria in the present study and thus was the common cause of septicemia in neonates, and Coagulase negative Staphylococcus and Staphylococcus aureus were common bacteria among the gram-positive bacteria. A higher mortality rate in cases of late onset sepsis was observed and was explained probably due to prolonged NICU stay, multiple interventions such as mechanical ventilation, umbilical venous catheterization, and central lines.
High-grade Spindle Cell Squamous Carcinoma of the Supraglottic Larynx Treated with Definitive Curative Radiation Therapy- A Rare Case Report
Authors: Chandrashekara Trilok Kiribagha
Published: April 2023

Spindle cell carcinoma or sarcomatoid carcinoma is a highly malignant form of squamous cell carcinoma with a low incidence of 2-3% in the larynx. Considering the poor prognosis, early diagnosis and treatment are imperative. This case report describes a high-grade spindle cell carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx treated with definitive radiation therapy.
A Literature Review of Indoor Air Quality and Sick Building Syndrome in Office Building Design Environment
Authors: Nimlyat Pontip Stephen , Inusa Yaktor Joshua , Nanfel Pwajok Kim
Published: April 2023

Building indoor spaces requires constant access to fresh air for occupants’ health, well-being, and performance. Clean breathing air can be achieved through the removal of pollutants from within the building’s interior by ensuring a sufficient outdoor air exchange rate. This review set out to create a clear understanding of recent developments in indoor air quality (IAQ) studies and their relationship to sick building syndrome (SBS) impacts on occupants’ health and well-being, as well as the role architectural design plays in promoting a healthy indoor environment. It also provides support information as well as existing state-of-the-art practices in IAQ and SBS in office buildings, with a particular focus on monitoring, assessment, and space configuration. The information available here would provide building professionals, particularly architects, with the potential for incorporating design and the development of guidelines for the control of SBS-related environmental parameters in order to create a healthy and comfortable office indoor environment.
EFFECT OF INDIGENOUS YOGA PRACTICES ON RELAXATION AND SERVING ACCURACY OF VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS
Authors: Chander Dr. Yogesh
Published: April 2023

Usually, volleyball matches and training sessions are reported with muscular fatigue, overload, and serving errors because of their repetitive explosive actions. Keeping in view the needs for relaxation and serving accuracy of players, the present study was designed to see the effects of selected indigenous yoga practices such as Suryanamaskar ‘yogic stretches’ and Sudarshan Kriya ‘pranayama’ on relaxation and serving accuracy of women volleyball players. The experiment was conducted on 14 university-level volleyball players of BPS Women’s University, India. During the pretest-posttest experiment, a quasi-experimental design was used. Players were exposed to five-week Suryanamaskar and Sudarshan Kriya yoga sessions after regular training. Pre-intervention and post-intervention results were compared and it was revealed that Suryanamaskar ‘yogic stretches’ and Sudarshan Kriya Yoga ‘pranayama’ have positive effects on relaxation and serving accuracy of women volleyball players. Therefore, it is recommended that the yogic stretches and pranayama be combined with volleyball training sessions. The present paper has practical implications and operatives for all the stakeholders concerned with volleyball, especially for physical education teachers, volleyball coaches and players.
Coma Off It: Regularizing Variable Point-spread Functions
Authors: Hughes J. Marcus , DeForest Craig E. , Seaton Daniel B.
Published: April 2023

We describe a rapid and direct method for regularizing, post facto, the point-spread function (PSF) of a telescope or other imaging instrument across its entire field of view (FOV). Imaging instruments in general blur point sources of light by local convolution with a PSF that varies slowly across the FOV, due to coma, spherical aberration, and similar effects. It is possible to regularize the PSF in post-processing, producing data with a homogeneous “effective PSF” across the entire FOV. In turn, the method enables seamless wide-field astronomical mosaics at higher resolution than would otherwise be achievable, and potentially changes the design trade space for telescopes, lenses, and other optical systems where data uniformity is important. For many kinds of optical aberration, simple and rapid convolution with a locally optimized “transfer PSF” produces extremely uniform imaging properties at low computational cost. PSF regularization does not require access to the instrument that obtained the data, and can be bootstrapped from existing data sets that include starfield images or other means of estimating the PSF across the field.
The Orbital and Physical Properties of Five Southern Be+sdO Binary Systems
Authors: Wang 王璐 Luqian 茜 , Gies Douglas R. , Peters Geraldine J. , Han Zhanwen
Published: April 2023

Close binary interactions may play a critical role in the formation of the rapidly rotating Be stars. Mass transfer can result in a mass gainer star spun up by the accretion of mass and angular momentum, while the mass donor is stripped of its envelope to form a hot and faint helium star. Far-UV spectroscopy has led to the detection of about 20 such binary Be+sdO systems. Here we report on a 3 yr program of high-quality spectroscopy designed to determine the orbital periods and physical properties of five Be binary systems. These binaries are long orbital period systems with P = 95–237 days and small semiamplitude K
1 < 11 km s−1. We combined the Be star velocities with prior sdO measurements to obtain mass ratios. A Doppler tomography algorithm shows the presence of the He ii
λ4686 line in the faint spectrum of the hot companion in four of the targets. We discuss the observed line variability and show evidence of phase-locked variations in the emission profiles of HD 157832, suggesting a possible disk spiral density wave due to the presence of the companion star. The stripped companions in HD 113120 and HD 137387 may have a mass larger than 1.4 M
⊙, indicating that they could be progenitors of Type Ib and Ic supernovae.
Robust Estimates of Orientation between Astrometric Catalogs
Authors: Frouard Julien
Published: April 2023

Accurately comparing two celestial reference frames based on the observed position of a number of common objects requires to detect and appropriately process outliers, lest they spuriously influence the results. It is thus of practical importance to use algorithms able to minimize the impact of those outliers when comparing radio and/or optical astrometric catalogs. In this paper, we investigate and compare the performances of some well-established and more recent robust algorithms when fitting a simple rotation vector between two reference frames. We particularly focus on two aspects: the variance of the resulting estimates, and the ability of the estimators to deal with outlying leverage points. We ran a number of Monte Carlo simulations with synthetic objects, varying their number, as well as the fraction and dispersion of outliers. Since the distribution of catalog objects in the sky is sometimes markedly nonuniform as in the case of the ICRF3 catalog, and because the position of outliers in the sky might cause issues when fitting rotation models, we also ran simulations representative of the observed distribution of objects. We compare the ICRF3 S/X, ICRF2 and Gaia EDR3 reference frames. Our results, based on the synthetic simulations and the comparison between the existing celestial frames, show that the M estimator, with a scale obtained from a least absolute deviations estimate, is the best among all the robust estimators compared.
Minuscule Corrections to Near-surface Solar Internal Rotation Using Mode Coupling
Authors: Bharati Das Srijan , Kashyap Samarth G. , Oktay Deniz , Hanasoge Shravan M. , Tromp Jeroen
Published: April 2023

The observed solar oscillation spectrum is influenced by internal perturbations such as flows and structural asphericities. These features induce splitting of characteristic frequencies and distort the resonant-mode eigenfunctions. Global axisymmertric flow—differential rotation—is a very prominent perturbation. Tightly constrained rotation profiles as a function of latitude and radius are products of established helioseismic pipelines that use observed Dopplergrams to generate frequency-splitting measurements at high precision. However, the inference of rotation using frequency splittings does not consider the effect of mode coupling. This approximation worsens for modes with high angular degrees, as they become increasingly proximal in frequency. Since modes with high angular degrees probe the near-surface layers of the Sun, inversions considering coupled modes could potentially lead to more accurate estimates of rotation very close to the surface. In order to investigate if this is indeed the case, we perform inversions for solar differential rotation, considering coupling of modes for angular degrees 160 ≤ ℓ ≤ 300 in the surface gravity f-branch and first-overtone p modes. In keeping with the character of mode coupling, we carry out a nonlinear inversion using an eigenvalue solver. Differences in inverted profiles for frequency-splitting measurements from MDI and HMI are compared and discussed. We find that the corrections to the near-surface differential rotation profile, when accounting for mode-coupling effects, are smaller than 0.003 nHz and hence are insignificant. These minuscule corrections are found to be correlated with the solar cycle. We also present corrections to even-order splitting coefficients, which could consequently impact inversions for structure and magnetic fields.
The Game of Life on a Magnetar Crust: From Gamma-Ray Flares to FRBs
Authors: Lander S. K.
Published: April 2023

This Letter presents a model to unify the diverse range of magnetar activity, through the building and release of elastic stress from the crust. A cellular automaton drives both local and global yielding of the crust, leading to braiding of coronal loops and energy release. The model behaves like a real magnetar in many ways: giant flares and small bursts both occur, as well as periods of quiescence whose typical duration is either ≲1 yr or ∼10–30 yr. The burst energy distribution broadly follows an earthquake-like power law over the energy range 1040–1045 erg. The local nature of coronal loops allows for the possibility of high-energy and fast radio bursts from the same magnetar. Within this paradigm, magnetar observations can be used to constrain the poorly understood mechanical properties of the neutron-star crust.
Succès et misère des concepts « prêts-à-penser »
Authors: Wacquant Loïc
Published: April 2023

Adossé à mon livre The Invention of the « Underclass » : A Study in the Politics of Knowledge (2022), cet article élabore trois notions pour parer aux attraits et dangers des « vrais-faux » concepts qui minent la pensée sociologique de l’intérieur. L’« effet lemming », la « bulle spéculative conceptuelle » et la « problématique clés en main » peuvent nous aider à pratiquer collectivement une meilleure hygiène analytique et à dégager les critères sémantiques, logiques et heuristiques qui font un bon concept scientifique.
Tournant pragmatique en sciences sociales et relativisme ?
Authors: Pudal Romain
Published: April 2023

Les sciences sociales françaises notamment auraient connu depuis une vingtaine d’années un « tournant pragmatique » dont nous analysons les principales lignes de force. Au-delà du renouvellement paradigmatique revendiqué, il nous semble que certaines conceptions ainsi mises en avant présentent un risque certain de sombrer dans un relativisme problématique aussi bien du point de vue scientifique que politique.
Processus de catégorisation des familles « issues de l’immigration » dans les actions d’accompagnement à la parentalité
Authors: Unterreiner Anne
Published: April 2023

Alors que les dispositifs de soutien à la parentalité soutenus financièrement par les Caisses d’allocations familiales ( caf ) sont théoriquement conçus pour accueillir des publics très divers, rares sont les travaux portant sur les familles issues de l’immigration au sein de ces dispositifs. Afin de combler ce manque, nous avons conduit en 2018 une enquête qualitative combinant des entretiens et des observations d’actions dans le cadre de trois dispositifs, à savoir les Lieux d’accueil enfants-parents ( laep ), les Réseaux d’écoute, d’appui et d’accompagnement des parents ( reaap ) et les Contrats locaux d’accompagnement à la scolarité ( clas ). L’enjeu de la catégorisation des familles issues de l’immigration a été traité sous deux angles. Du point de vue méthodologique, ce sont les acteurs institutionnels de la branche Famille de la Sécurité sociale et les responsables des actions de soutien à la parentalité qui ont sélectionné les actions et les familles enquêtées selon leur interprétation de l’expression « issues de l’immigration », ce qui a eu des effets sur le terrain. Du point de vue analytique, il est apparu qu’au sein de ces dispositifs les intervenants interprètent les normes et les pratiques des familles, et donc réalisent des classifications, créent des catégories, selon trois registres : « psychologique », « culturaliste » et « socioéconomique ». Ces représentations des familles « issues de l'immigration » qu’ont les intervenants locaux peuvent à leur tour irriguer (et être influencées par) d’autres acteurs, institutionnels notamment.
À la recherche de la psychologie : les journaux intimes de Paul Bourget ou la préparation d’une méthode
Authors: Valenzuela Castelletto Adrián
Published: April 2023

Les journaux intimes de Paul Bourget sont une source inédite de connaissance sur sa vie et sur son œuvre, notamment en ce qui concerne la période comprise entre les années 1870 et 1892. Ils reproduisent la tension intime de l’auteur du Disciple  : entre désagrégation personnelle et conviction morale, ils annoncent et préparent le théoricien littéraire ainsi que le romancier moraliste. Dans quelle mesure ces documents peuvent-ils jeter une lumière dans le laboratoire du roman ? Comment contribuent-ils à préciser l’idée d’une nouvelle critique et donc d’une méthode psychologique ? Dans cet article, nous nous intéresserons particulièrement à la généalogie de la critique et du roman psychologique par une double étape : l’introspection déprimée du moi intime ; puis le synthétisme tourné vers l’extérieur de quelques lectures éclairantes, telles que Goethe, Marc Aurèle et Taine.
Zeroing neural networks for computing quaternion linear matrix equation with application to color restoration of images
Authors: Kovalnogov Vladislav N. , Fedorov Ruslan V. , Demidov Denis A. , Malyoshina Malyoshina A. , Simos Theodore E. , Katsikis Vasilios N. , Mourtas Spyridon D. , Sahas Romanos D.
Published: April 2023

The importance of quaternions in a variety of fields, such as physics, engineering and computer science, renders the effective solution of the time-varying quaternion matrix linear equation (TV-QLME) an equally important and interesting task. Zeroing neural networks (ZNN) have seen great success in solving TV problems in the real and complex domains, while quaternions and matrices of quaternions may be readily represented as either a complex or a real matrix, of magnified size. On that account, three new ZNN models are developed and the TV-QLME is solved directly in the quaternion domain as well as indirectly in the complex and real domains for matrices of arbitrary dimension. The models perform admirably in four simulation experiments and two practical applications concerning color restoration of images.
An improved UAV target detection algorithm based on ASFF-YOLOv5s
Authors: Shen Siyuan , Zhang Xing , Yan Wenjing , Xie Shuqian , Yu Bingjia , Wang Shizhi
Published: April 2023

Object detection in drone-captured scenarios is a recent popular task. Due to the high flight altitude of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), the large variation of target scales, and the existence of dense occlusion of targets, in addition to the high requirements for real-time detection. To solve the above problems, we propose a real-time UAV small target detection algorithm based on improved ASFF-YOLOv5s. Based on the original YOLOv5s algorithm, the new shallow feature map is passed into the feature fusion network through multi-scale feature fusion to improve the extraction capability for small target features, and the Adaptively Spatial Feature Fusion (ASFF) is improved to improve the multi-scale information fusion capability. To obtain anchor frames for the VisDrone2021 dataset, we improve the K-means algorithm to obtain four different scales of anchor frames on each prediction layer. The Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) is added in front of the backbone network and each prediction network layer to improve the capture capability of important features and suppress redundant features. Finally, to address the shortcomings of the original GIoU loss function, the SIoU loss function is used to accelerate the convergence of the model and improve accuracy. Extensive experiments conducted on the dataset VisDrone2021 show that the proposed model can detect a wide range of small targets in various challenging environments. At a detection rate of 70.4 FPS, the proposed model obtained a precision value of 32.55%, F1-score of 39.62%, and a mAP value of 38.03%, which improved 2.77, 3.98, and 5.1%, respectively, compared with the original algorithm, for the detection performance of small targets and to meet the task of real-time detection of UAV aerial images. The current work provides an effective method for real-time detection of small targets in UAV aerial photography in complex scenes, and can be extended to detect pedestrians, cars, etc. in urban security surveillance.
Environment Affects Sucker Catch Rate, Size Structure, Species Composition, and Precision in Boat Electrofishing Samples
Authors: Zentner Douglas L. , Brewer Shannon K. , Shoup Daniel E.
Published: April 2023

Catostomidae (catostomids) are suckers of the order Cypriniformes, and the majority of species are native to North America; however, species in this group are understudied and rarely managed. The popularity in bowfishing and gigging for suckers in the United States has increased concerns related to overfishing. Little information exists about the relative gear effectiveness for sampling catostomids. We sought to evaluate the relative effectiveness of boat electrofishing for sampling Black Redhorse Moxostoma duquesnei, Golden Redhorse M. erythrurum, Northern Hogsucker Hypentelium nigricans, White Sucker Catostomus commersonii, and Spotted Sucker Minytrema melanops populations in Lake Eucha, Oklahoma. We used an information theoretic approach to determine the abiotic variables related to sucker catch per effort (C/f). Our analysis indicated that sucker C/f was highest during the night and decreased with increasing water temperature. Sucker size structure was significantly different between daytime and nighttime samples; however, effect size estimates for size structure comparisons indicated that size distributions exhibited moderate overlap. Distributional comparisons indicated that daytime and nighttime samples were similar for fish greater than 180 mm in total length. Effect size estimates also indicated little association between the proportion of each species captured and time of day or water temperature. Night electrofishing in reservoirs at water temperatures from 16 to 25°C yielded the most precise C/f estimates, with the highest numbers of suckers collected at water temperatures from 6 to 15°C. Further study of the relationship between abiotic variables and catostomid catchability using various gears will be beneficial to agencies interested in these populations.
Self-Directedness in the Service of Human Resources Management in Tourism and Hospitality
Authors: Viterouli Mary , Belias Dimitrios , Koustelios Athanasios , Tsigilis Nikolaos
Published: April 2023

The tourism and hospitality sector has been greatly impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic with inflows and outflows of tourists abruptly decreasing. In an effort to rebound, nations have embarked on forming policies to aid organizations regain their grounds. Emphasis on the regional development of the businesses, accordingly, can mediate growth. All things considered, organizations of the sector have had to turn to their personnel to seek ways to combat bottlenecks and crises and to upgrade the experience of their customers. The current chapter focuses on the notion of self-directedness and examines its vitality in the survival and recovery of the sector, and its inherent ability led to empowerment, adaptation, and flexibility. This is a literature review which consists of two main influential pillars: the degradation caused by the pandemic and the capability of self-directedness. Thus, the existing literature review, along with up-to-date articles and scientific journals have been processed and scrutinized.
(Re)building Our Understanding of Race Measures in Education
Authors: Long Kelly
Published: April 2023

Race categories were historically created as a tool for oppression, but in more recent decades, researchers have continued the tradition of using these categories as a tool of justice. However, research has shown that scholars consistently take for granted the meaning of the race categories that are so often used in research, going so far as to separate racism from race. This chapter explores the sordid creation of race categories, their evolving use over time, and the more modern conceptions of race group membership. The ways that QuantCrit and validity measures can help us better understand the race categories are also explored. Finally, the chapter concludes with recommendations for measures that might be used in addition to the race categories for researchers aiming to examine quantitative data split by race.
Proactive Vocational Placement
Authors: Francis Patrice , Jones Giavana , Sobomehin Tamara Nicole
Published: April 2023

This chapter presents a fresh perspective on youth apprenticeships by outlining a proposed vocational placement program based on assessing students to discover their career interests before placing them in vocational settings. The expectation is that, by engaging youth in vocational training that is specifically based on what they enjoy, what they do often and what they can potentially excel in, they are being provided with more favorable opportunities to succeed. Though proactive vocational placement (PVP) is in its embryonic stage, and has not been formally implemented, the chapter covers the proposed steps for implementation as well as a few success stories where strengths-based vocational placement has helped young people to thrive in community organizations and schools in the Bahamas.
Transforming Public Education
Authors: Kim Jina , Gayle Zaid
Published: April 2023

This chapter explores how public-school policy and practice that does not consider the interest of its diverse student body can have a detrimental effect on marginalized students and their outcomes. The authors propose exploring these school practices through a prosocial lens of those who have been adversely impacted, so education systems can be positively examined and rebuilt. The authors provide personal perspective on their experiences in the public school system in Los Angeles. Author number one experienced public schools as a Black and gifted male student during the 1980s when magnet school programs were attempting to increase enrollment of white students. The second author served as an administrator in the Los Angeles public school system in a predominantly minority community. The authors use their personal experiences to exemplify how public schools have disenfranchised students of color and posit a radical process to improve Black student achievement.
Wine Industry in Tanzania and Its Sustainability
Authors: Lubawa Galinoma Gahele , Osabuohien Evans S.
Published: April 2023

This chapter uses interview-based qualitative research of data collected in Tanzania to examine the challenges encountered by family-owned winery. The qualitative technique of key informant interviews with family-owned winery owners was used as the methodology for reaching the study objective. The findings show that Tanzanian family-owned wineries face the following challenges: winery coordination is poor, wineries are a developing industry with financial limitations, poor processing machineries, insufficient investment in human capital and strategic accounting practices. Wineries also pay little attention to employ business plans. In conclusion, this study suggests that family-owned wineries alone cannot eliminate the existing challenges and make a remarkable industrial journey toward sustainability. The wine processing industry is a capital-intensive project that requires financial support from the government, non-governmental organizations, financial institutions, and private investors, among others. Future research ideas are also suggested.
Wine Industry's Sustainable Development
Authors: Rosário Albérico Travassos
Published: April 2023

The global wine industry faces multiple problems, including water scarcity, climate change, rising energy prices, and increasing concerns about chemical exposure. Sustainable development in the winery industry is associated with product innovation, higher sustainable competitive advantage, and business performance. Winery businesses aim to achieve sustainability by ensuring they leave the land in good condition for the next generation. Sustainability initiatives are expensive to implement, prompting businesses only to pursue those activities considered necessary to comply with the regulations. This chapter aims to illustrate how the wine industry can incorporate the triple-bottom-line aspects, including environmental, social, and economic sustainability dimensions to diagnose sustainability issues linked to the sector and develop and execute appropriate policies and actions to achieve sustainability goals.
Assessment of Ecological Disturbance on Indian Sundarbans with Special Reference to Amphan Cyclone by Using Geospatial Technology
Authors: Prakash S. , Varghese A. , Amrutha A. S. , Baiju K. R.
Published: April 2023

The mangrove ecosystem of Sundarbans region plays a significant ecological and socio-economic role in both India and Bangladesh. An increase in coastal human settlements makes the area more vulnerable to natural disasters such as tsunamis and cyclones. Mangroves, as an exclusive group of plants, provide many ecological services such as reducing the impacts of cyclonic storms and gales and minimizing the sea level rise due to global warming. Sundarbans were facing immense destruction due to super cyclones during the past years. The present study investigated the ecological disturbance caused by the cyclone Amphan in Indian Sundarbans using remote sensing multispectral imagery. The pre and post-cyclonic Landsat data were analyzed to quantify the damaged area in Sundarbans due to the effect of the cyclone, Amphan. Normalized Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) were used to estimate the vegetative changes or losses that occurred due to the cyclone. Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Normalized Difference Bareness Index (NDBaI) and Normalized Difference Salinity Index (NDSI)) were the other indices used to study the effects of cyclone. The study found that from pre to post-cyclonic period, mangroves reduced from 1,851.88 km2 to 1,643.74 km2 and about 50.18 km2 of vegetation becomes sparse. High salinity values were observed during the post-cyclonic period which indicated that the super cyclone resulted in saltwater intrusion. From pre to post cyclone, NDBaI results showed an increase in barren land from 908.13 km2 to 1,365.57 km2.
External Debt Sustainability and Economic Growth in Sri Lanka
Authors: Sumanaratne B. M.
Published: April 2023

Researchers have shown an increased interest in the nexus between economic growth and foreign borrowing. This study explores the effect of external debt sustainability on Sri Lanka’s economic growth by applying a non-linear auto regressive distributed lag (NARDL) model, which allows us to decompose the effect of the debt variables into positive and negative effects, based on the annual data covering the period 1980 – 2021. The estimated NARDL model shows that external debt stock and foreign debt service payments had a robust short term and long-term effect on economic growth in Sri Lanka. The asymmetric cointegration results provide strong evidence for a long-run integration that exists between economic growth and external debt sustainability. The study discovered a strong and negative relationship between the decline in the external debt stock and economic growth, suggesting that lowering the stock of debt may boost economic growth. The study further discovered an asymmetric relationship between economic growth and debt service payments. Accordingly, an increase in debt service payments would lead to a decrease in growth, while a downward change in that would lead to an increase in growth. Concerning control variables, trade openness has a negative relationship with growth, whilst the real exchange rate indicates a positive nexus. The study also found that short-run findings are almost likely to be those in the long-run. In light of these findings, the low level of economic wellbeing in Sri Lanka can be attributed to debt overhang and the crowding out effect which discourages investment. As per the results, the real exchange rate is positive and not a significant determinant of trade balance in the short run, indicating the J-curve effect as not being valid for the case of Sri Lanka. In this context, a proper debt management mechanism should be implemented to maintain a sustainable external debt level in Sri Lanka.