bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uveitis bei juveniler idiopathischer Arthritis – leitliniengerechte Diagnostik und Therapie anhand von Kasuistiken
Authors: Heiligenhaus Arnd , Deuter Christoph
Published: March 2022

Zielsetzung Darstellung der aktuellen deutschsprachigen interdisziplinären Leitlinie zur Diagnostik und Therapie der JIA-assoziierten Uveitis (JIA: juvenile idiopathische Arthritis)
anhand von Kasuistiken.

Material und Methoden Leitlinie der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft, der Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendrheumatologie, der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie, des
Berufsverbandes der Augenärzte Deutschlands unter Beteiligung von Patientenvertretern. Die unlängst publizierte Primärliteratur wurde kritisch bewertet hinsichtlich Evidenz und Empfehlungen;
methodisch wurden Konsensfindung mittels Delphi-Runden und eine externe Begutachtung einbezogen. Die Ergebnisse werden anhand von typischen Fallbeispielen erläutert.

Ergebnisse Bei JIA-Erstdiagnose sollten regelmäßige augenärztliche Kontrollen erfolgen mit dem Ziel, dass die Uveitis vor Manifestation irreversibler Folgeschäden diagnostiziert
wird. Entsprechend dem individuellen Schweregrad der Uveitis kann eine qualitativ hochwertige Versorgung der Patienten erzielt werden. Zur antientzündlichen Therapie finden aktuell
Kortikosteroide, konventionell synthetische (cs) und biologische (b) und andere Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) Verwendung.

Schlussfolgerungen Frühzeitige Diagnose und aktuelle leitliniengerechte Therapie können die Langzeitprognose der JIA-assoziierten Uveitis wesentlich verbessern.
Fasten bei Tumorerkrankungen – ist das
ratsam?
Authors: Berger Bettina
Published: March 2022

Fasten ist eine Jahrhunderte alte Praxis, die auch in vielen Religionen zu Hause
ist. In die Naturheilkunde hielt das Fasten über Ärzte Einzug,
die für ihre eigene Genesung positive Erfahrung damit machten. Die
wissenschaftliche Forschung begann in Europa erst vor wenigen Jahren, wobei die
gesundheitsförderlichen Abläufe des Fastens und ihre Bedeutung
für die unterschiedlichen Erkrankungen untersucht wurden. Auch wenn
für zahlreiche Erkrankungen die wissenschaftlichen Hinweise auf die
gesundheitsförderliche Wirkung des Fastens zunahmen, so galt doch
für Tumorerkrankungen generell, dass hier das Fasten nicht geeignet sei.
Erst unlängst hat hier ein Umbruch stattgefunden. Insbesondere liegen
Forschungsergebnisse für das Kurzeitfasten vor, welche zeigen, dass
Fasten bei Tumorerkrankten die Belastungen durch Nebenwirkungen senkt und die
Wirksamkeit der Chemotherapie verbessern kann.
Interventionelle radiologische Verfahren in der Onkologie –
Update 2021
Authors: Henze Jörn , Maintz David
Published: March 2022

Transarterielle Tumorembolisationen wie die transarterielle
Chemoembolisation (TACE) und die selektive interne Radiotherapie (SIRT) haben
sich als Therapieoption bei primären und sekundären Lebertumoren
etabliert und werden in onkologischen Zentren i.d.R.
routinemäßig durchgeführt.

Transkutane Thermoablationen wie Radiofrequenzablation (RFA) und
Mikrowellenablation (MWA) haben sich als i.d.R. kurative Therapieoptionen bei
primären und sekundären Lebertumoren etabliert. Darüber
hinaus werden die Verfahren zunehmend auch bei Nieren- und Lungentumoren
eingesetzt.

Neue Verfahren Mit hochintensivem fokussiertem Ultraschall (HIFU) ist eine
nicht invasive Thermoablation möglich, bisher zugelassene Indikationen
sind die Behandlung von Uterusmyomen, Prostatakarzinomen und Knochentumoren. Die
irreversible Elektroporation (IRE) ist ein nicht thermisches Ablationsverfahren,
das sich insbesondere in der Therapie von fortgeschrittenen, inoperablen
Pankreaskarzinomen etabliert hat.
Maximal Thymectomy via Mini Sternotomy with Pleural Preservation
Authors: Patel Gaurav , Reddy Bojja V. Kishore , Patil Prakash
Published: March 2022

Background There are different surgical techniques used for maximal thymectomy. Each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages. We propose a mini sternotomy with pleural preservation approach for complete maximal thymectomy.

Methods Over time range of 5 years, 32 patients with diagnosis of thymoma with or without myasthenia gravis (MG) underwent maximal thymectomy by mini sternotomy in our institute. Patient records were examined for the following parameters: age, sex, preoperative medication, symptoms of MG as per Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America grading system, operating time, duration of postoperative ventilation, length of stay in the intensive care unit, overall length of hospitalization, and postoperative complications.

Results The mean age of patients in our study was 43.66. Sex ratio in this study was almost equal. Sixty-nine percent of patients were stage I thymoma according to Masaoka staging. Size of the tumor ranged from 3 to 8 cm with mean size being 4.54 cm. Complete resection with negative tumor margins was possible in all the cases. Four patients had intraoperative pleural injury out of which two patients required intercostal tube insertion. We did not have any serious postoperative complications with no perioperative mortality.

Conclusions Mini sternotomy allows maximal removal of thymus through a less invasive approach and is associated with a significantly smoother postoperative course, less overall complications, and good clinical outcome. It is a simple technique that can be performed by any thoracic and surgical oncologists especially in Indian subcontinent where facilities of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and robotic video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery are not available in all areas and are expensive.
Investigation of vortex motion mechanism of synthetic jet in a cross flow
Authors: Dong Xiangrui , Hao Chunyang , Dong Yinlin , Liu Chaoqun , Li Yalu
Published: March 2022

To investigate the mechanism of vortex motion, a pitched synthetic jet is arranged on the bottom of a cross flow and simulated by incompressible Naiver–Stokes equations with large eddy simulation. The Liutex vector identification method is utilized to quantitatively study the rotation strength and the core size of the vortex structures according to various driving frequencies (St = 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0) and amplitudes (A0 = 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5) of the synthetic jet during 21 periods. The results show that both the frequency and the amplitude play a significant role in the vortex generation mechanism of the synthetic jet. However, the amplitude makes a positive contribution to the rotation strength and the vortex core size, while the frequency makes a negative contribution. The vortex motion mechanism of a synthetic jet in a cross flow can be summarized as follows: low frequency and small amplitude favor the primary clockwise vortex, while high frequency and large amplitude motivate the anticlockwise vortex generation.
Soil microbial biomass and oxy-hydroxides contribute to aggregate stability and size distribution under different land uses in the Central Andes
Authors: Coca-Salazar Alejandro , Cornelis Jean-Thomas , Carnol Monique
Published: March 2022

Context Agricultural intensification leads to land use changes with potential consequences for soil aggregate stability and size distribution, affecting nutrient and water retention capacity, aeration, sequestration of soil organic carbon, and biogeochemical cycling. Aims This study evaluated soil aggregate stability and size distribution under potato, fallow and Eucalyptus globulus L. land uses in Cambisols of the eastern branch of the Central Andes, Bolivia. We also investigated the relation between aggregates and total C, extractable C, oxy-hydroxides, microbial biomass and activity. Methods Aggregate stability, size distribution and oxy-hydroxides were measured in soil samples from eight plots of each land use. Key results Compared to fields cultivated with potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), Eucalyptus increased aggregate stability, megaaggregate content, and C and N in the free silt + clay fraction. Fallow did not lead to significant changes in soil structure. Soil aggregate stability was related to both microbial biomass and oxy-hydroxides. Microbial biomass C, microbial activity and dithionite extractable Fe were positively related to megaaggregates and aggregate stability. Oxalate extractable Fe and Mn were related to microaggregates. Conclusions The plantation of Eucalyptus is suitable for soil structural amelioration and C sequestration, but its introduction to cultivated areas should be carefully evaluated due to its effects on soil chemistry and microbiology. Short-term fallowing did not contribute to the maintenance of soil structure. Implications In a context of land uses change, modifications of microbial biomass and activity would affect megaaggregate formation and stability. Alternative management practices are required to maintain soil structure and optimize sustainable land use of cultivated and fallow fields.
Death of a genre?
Authors: Zillén Erik
Published: March 2022

Taking as its starting point the scholarly discussion about the possible death of the Aesopic fable towards the end of the eighteenth century, this article proposes a broadening of perspective, arguing for a thorough examination of the impact of modernity on some of the basic contexts and conditions of the genre. Four contextual factors are, subsequently, placed under scrutiny: the ethics of virtue, the rhetorical category of exemplum, the anthro­po­morphi­zation of animals, and the poetological principle of prodesse et delectare. All of these factors may be considered as vigorous and interrelated components of premodern culture, and all four of them, moreover, constituted fundamental prerequisites for the conceptualization and functioning of the Aesopic genre. By analysing how the emerging paradigm of modernity diminished the position and importance of these contextual factors, the article seeks to demonstrate the existence of an undeniable dividing line in European fable history somewhere around 1800.
Green extractivism and financialisation in Mozambique: the case of Gilé National Reserve
Authors: Bruna Natacha
Published: March 2022

With the global environmental crisis intensifying, capitalism has extended the reach of financialisation through the creation of new financial assets that rely on further commodification of nature. Using the case of a national reserve in Mozambique, the paper examines the emergence of green extractivism as a consequence of deepening financialisation, an extractivism which is building on pre-existing relations of unequal and asymmetric exchange between industrialised and extractive economies. The article focuses on the linkages between financialisation and extractivism and nature-based financial mechanisms, whose operationalisation impacts on rural social reproduction. It is argued that the emergence of green extractivism, supported by green funds and loans, is intensifying the extractive character of the Mozambican economy. The case study shows, that with the support of philanthrocapitalism, the process of financialisation led by mature economies supports the appropriation of nature through green extractivist programmes in the periphery, with adverse implications for development and for rural subsistence.
Ori Avinoam: Mind, body, and membranes in shape
Authors: Morgado-Palacin Lucia
Published: March 2022

Ori Avinoam studies membrane remodeling with a focus on cell-to-cell fusion through the lens of correlative light and electron microscopy.
Entanglement dynamics of an open moving-biparticle system driven by classical-field
Authors: Wang Qilin , Liu Rongfang , Zou Hong-Mei , Long Dan , Wang Jia
Published: March 2022

In this work, the entanglement dynamics of a moving-biparticle system driven by an external classical field are investigated, where the moving-biparticle system is coupled with a zero temperature common environment. The analytical expressions of the density operator and the entanglement can be obtained by using the dressed-state basis when the total excitation number is one. We also discuss in detail the effects of different parameters on the entanglement dynamics. The results show that the classical driving can not only protect the entanglement, but also effectively eliminate the influence of the qubit velocity and the detuning on the quantum entanglement.
Cosmology of Extended Proca-Nuevo
Authors: de Rham Claudia , Garcia-Saenz Sebastian , Heisenberg Lavinia , Pozsgay Victor
Published: March 2022

Proca-Nuevo is a non-linear theory of a massive spin-1 field
which enjoys a non-linearly realized constraint that distinguishes
it among other generalized vector models. We show that the theory
may be extended by the addition of operators of the Generalized
Proca class without spoiling the primary constraint that is
necessary for consistency, allowing to interpolate between
Generalized Proca operators and Proca-Nuevo ones. The constraint is
maintained on flat spacetime and on any fixed curved background.
Upon mixing extended Proca-Nuevo dynamically with gravity, we show
that the constraint gets broken in a Planck scale suppressed way.
We further prove that the theory may be covariantized in models that
allow for consistent and ghost-free cosmological solutions. We study
the models in the presence of perfect fluid matter, and show that
they describe the correct number of dynamical variables and derive
their dispersion relations and stability criteria. We also exhibit,
in a specific set-up, explicit hot Big Bang solutions featuring a
late-time self-accelerating epoch, and which are such that all the
stability and subluminality conditions are satisfied and where
gravitational waves behave precisely as in General Relativity.
Application of Galerkin spectral method for tearing mode instability
Authors: Sun Wu , Wang Jiaqi , Wei Lai , Wang Zhengxiong , Liu Dongjian , He Qiaolin
Published: March 2022

Magnetic reconnection and tearing mode instability play a critical role in many physical processes. The application of Galerkin spectral method for tearing mode instability in two-dimensional geometry is investigated in this paper. A resistive magnetohydrodynamic code is developed, by the Galerkin spectral method both in the periodic and aperiodic directions. Spectral schemes are provided for global modes and local modes. Mode structures, resistivity scaling, convergence and stability of tearing modes are discussed. The effectiveness of the code is demonstrated, and the computational results are compared with the results using Galerkin spectral method only in the periodic direction. The numerical results show that the code using Galerkin spectral method individually allows larger time step in global and local modes simulations, and has better convergence in global modes simulations.
X-ray phase-sensitive microscope imaging with a grating interferometer: Theory and simulation
Authors: Yang Jiecheng , Zhu Peiping , Liang Dong , Zheng Hairong , Ge Yongshuai
Published: March 2022

A general theoretical framework is presented to explain the formation of the phase signal in an x-ray microscope integrated with a grating interferometer, which simultaneously enables the high spatial resolution imaging and the improved image contrast. By using this theory, several key parameters of phase contrast imaging can be predicted, for instance, the fringe visibility and period, and the conversion condition from the differential phase imaging (DPI) to the phase difference imaging (PDI). Additionally, numerical simulations are performed with certain x-ray optical components and imaging geometry. Comparison with the available experimental measurement [Appl. Phys. Lett.
113 063105 (2018)] demonstrates the accuracy of this developed quantitative analysis method of x-ray phase-sensitive microscope imaging.
Impact of composition ratio on the structure and optical properties of (1 – x)MnFe2O4/(x)ZnMn2O4 nanocomposite
Authors: Heiba Zein K. , Mohamed Mohamed Bakr , Alkathiri Ali A. , Ahmed Sameh I. , Alhazime A A
Published: March 2022

(1 – x)MnFe2O4 (MFO)/xZnMn2O4 (ZMO) (x = 0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, and 1.0) nanocomposite samples were prepared using co-precipitation procedure. The phase percentage, cell parameters, and crystallite size of MFO and ZMO phases in each nanocomposite sample were calculated using Rietveld refinement procedure. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy techniques established the variation in the lattice parameters of each phase are due to permutation of all cations among the octahedral and tetrahedral sites of MFO and ZMO. The different oxidation states of different ions in all samples were determined using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique. The variation in absorbance of the nanocomposite samples with composition parameter (x) is dependent on the wavelength region. The optical bandgap of the nanocomposite samples is decreased as the content of ZMO phase increased. The effect of alloying on the refractive index, extinction coefficient, dielectric constant, optical conductivity, and the nonlinear optical behaviors of all samples were studied in detail. The nanocomposite sample x = 0.5 disclosed upgraded optical parameters with the highest refractive index, optical conductivity, and PL intensity, which nominate it to be functional in various application fields.
Enhancement of f
MAX of InP-based HEMTs by double-recessed offset gate process
Authors: Wang Bo , Ding Peng , Feng Rui-Ze , Cao Shu-Rui , Wei Hao-Miao , Liu Tong , Liu Xiao-Yu , Li Hai-Ou , Jin Zhi
Published: March 2022

A double-recessed offset gate process technology for InP-based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) has been developed in this paper. Single-recessed and double-recessed HEMTs with different gate offsets have been fabricated and characterized. Compared with single-recessed devices, the maximum drain–source current (I
D,max) and maximum extrinsic transconductance (g
m,max) of double-recessed devices decreased due to the increase in series resistances. However, in terms of RF performance, double-recessed HEMTs achieved higher maximum oscillation frequency (f
MAX) by reducing drain output conductance (g
ds) and drain to gate capacitance (C
gd). In addition, further improvement of f
MAX was observed by adjusting the gate offset of double-recessed devices. This can be explained by suppressing the ratio of C
gd to source to gate capacitance (C
gs) by extending drain-side recess length (L
rd). Compared with the single-recessed HEMTs, the f
MAX of double-recessed offset gate HEMTs was increased by about 20%.
Ultra-wideband surface plasmonic bandpass filter with extremely wide upper-band rejection
Authors: Zhang Xue-Wei , Liu Shao-Bin , Yu Qi-Ming , Wang Ling-Ling , Liao Kun , Lou Jian
Published: March 2022

An ultra-wideband bandpass filter (BPF) with a wide out-of-band rejection based on a surface plasmonic waveguide (SPW) slotline with ring grooves is designed and analyzed. A paired microstrip-to-slotline transition is designed for quasi-TEM to TM mode conversion by using a microstrip line with a circular pad and the slotline with the same circular slot. The mode conversion between the TM and the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) mode is realized by using a gradient slotline with ring grooves and an impedance matching technique. The upper cut-off frequencies of the passband can be adjusted by using these proposed SPP units, while the lower frequencies of the passband are created by using the microstrip-to-slotline transitions to give an ultra-wideband BPF. The dispersion curves of SPP units, electric field distribution, and the transmission spectra of the proposed ultra-wideband bandpass filter are all calculated and analyzed by the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The simulated results show that the presented filter has good performance including a wide 3-dB bandwidth of 149% from 0.57 GHz to 3.93 GHz, an extremely wide 40-dB upper-band rejection from 4.2 GHz to 18.5 GHz, and low loss and high selectivity in the passband. To prove the design validity, a prototype of the BPF has been manufactured and measured, showing a reasonable agreement with simulation results. The unique features of the proposed BPF may make it applicable for integrated circuit and plasmonic devices in microwave or THz frequency ranges.
A 45-μJ, 10-kHz, burst-mode picosecond optical parametric oscillator synchronously pumped at a second harmonic cavity
Authors: Ma Chao , Liu Ke , Bo Yong , Wang Zhi-Min , Cui Da-Fu , Peng Qin-Jun
Published: March 2022

A novel high-energy picosecond optical parametric oscillator (OPO) was realized by placing an OPO in a second-harmonic (SH) cavity. In a proof-of-principle experiment, we demonstrated excellent burst energy of 45 μJ for the OPO signal at 900 nm that operates at a pulse repetition rate of 10 kHz and a pulse width of 46.8 ps. The beam quality was measured as

M
x
2

=
1.44

and

M
y
2

=
1.40

in the orthogonal directions, corresponding to an average beam factor M
2 = 1.42. So far, this study is the first to investigate high-energy ps OPO synchronously pumped in a second-harmonic cavity.
Bandwidth expansion and pulse shape optimized for 10 PW laser design via spectral shaping
Authors: Li Da-Wei , Wang Tao , Yin Xiao-Lei , Wang Li , Li Jia-Mei , Yu Hui , Cui Yong , Zhang Tian-Xiong , Lu Xing-Qiang , Xu Guang
Published: March 2022

We demonstrated a scheme of bandwidth expansion and pulse shape optimized to afford 10 PW laser design via spectral shaping, which uses the existing Nd:glass amplifier chain of the SG PW laser. Compared to the amplified pulse with a gain-narrowing effect, the required parameters of injected pulse energy, spectral bandwidth, and shape are analyzed, together with their influence on the system B-integral, energy output capability, and temporal intensity contrast. A bandwidth expansion to 7 nm by using LiNbO3 birefringent spectral shaping resulted in an output energy of 2 kJ in a proof-of-principle experiment. The results are consistent with the theoretical prediction which suggests that the amplifier chain of SG PW laser is capable of achieving 6 kJ at the bandwidth of 7 nm and the B-integral < π. This will support a 10 PW laser with a compressed pulse energy of 4.8 kJ (efficiency = 80%) at 480 fs.
Influence of oxygen addition on the discharge characteristics of an argon plasma jet at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Chen Junyu , Zhao Na , Wu Jiacun , Wu Kaiyue , Zhang Furong , Ran Junxia , Jia Pengying , Pang Xuexia , Li Xuechen
Published: March 2022

Plasma jet is an important low-temperature plasma source in extensive application fields. To promote the production of active oxygen species, oxygen is often introduced into the inert working gas. However, the influence of oxygen content on the discharge characteristics of an argon plasma jet is not clear. Aim to this status, an argon plasma jet in a single-electrode geometry is employed to investigate the influence of oxygen concentration (C
O) on discharge aspects. Results indicate that with increasing C
O (≤ 0.6%), the plume transits from a diffuse morphology to a hollow structure. Electrical and optical measurements reveal that both discharge number per voltage cycle and pulse intensity alter with varying C
O. Moreover, discharge morphologies of negative and positive discharges obtained by fast photograph also shift with varying C
O. Besides, optical emission spectra are collected to investigate atomic C
O, electron density, and electron temperature. The results mentioned above are explained qualitatively, which are believed to be of great significance for the applications of atmospheric pressure plasma jet.
Determination of the responsivity of a predictable quantum efficient detector over a wide spectral range based on a 3D model of charge carrier recombination losses
Authors: Tran Trinh , Porrovecchio Geiland , Smid Marek , Ikonen Erkki , Dönsberg Timo , Gran Jarle
Published: March 2022

We present a method to determine the internal quantum deficiency (IQD) of a predictable quantum efficient detector (PQED) based on measured photocurrent dependence on bias voltage and a 3D simulation model of charge carrier recombination losses. The simulation model of silicon photodiodes includes wafer doping concentration, fixed charge of SiO2 layer, bulk lifetime of charge carriers and surface recombination velocity as the fitted parameters. With only one set of physical photodiode defining parameters, the simulation shows excellent agreement with experimental data at power levels from 100 μW to 1000 μW with variation in illumination beam size. We could also predict the dependence of IQD on bias voltage at the wavelength of 476 nm using photodiode parameters determined independently at 647 nm wavelength. The fitted values of doping concentration and fixed charge extracted from the simulation model are in close agreement with the expected parameter values determined earlier. At bias voltages larger than 5 V at the wavelength of 476 nm, the internal quantum efficiency of one of the tested PQEDs is measured to be 0.999 970 ± 0.000 027, where the relative expanded uncertainty of 0.000 027 is one of the lowest values ever achieved in spectral responsivity measurement of optical detectors.
How geometrically frustrated systems challenge our notion of thermodynamics
Authors: Bauer Wolfgang Rudolf
Published: March 2022

Although Boltzmann’s definition of entropy and temperature are widely accepted, we will show scenarios which apparently are inconsistent with our normal notion of thermodynamics. We focus on generic geometrically frustrated systems (GFSs), which stay at constant negative Boltzmann temperatures, independent from their energetic state. Two weakly coupled GFSs at same temperature exhibit, in accordance with energy conservation, the same probability for all energetic combinations. Heat flow from a hot GFS to a cooler GFS or an ideal gas increases Boltzmann entropy of the combined system, however the maximum is non-local, which, in contrast to conventional thermodynamics, implies that both subsystems maintain different temperatures here. Re-parametrization can transform these non-local into local maxima with corresponding equivalence of re-defined temperatures. However, these temperatures cannot be assigned solely to a subsystem but describe combinations of both. The non-local maxima of entropy restrict the naive application of the zeroth law of thermodynamics. Reformulated this law is still valid with the consequence that a GFS at constant negative temperature can measure positive temperatures. Heat exchange between a GFS and a polarized paramagnetic spin gas, i.e. a system that may achieve besides positive also negative temperatures, drives the combined system to a local-, or non-local maximum of entropy, with equivalent or non-equivalent temperatures here. Energetic constraints determine which scenario results. In case of a local maximum, the spin gas can measure temperature of the GFS like a usual thermometer, however, this reveals no information about the energetic state of the GFS.
Numerical studies for an ab initio investigation into the Boltzmann prescription in statistical mechanics of large systems
Authors: Dossetti V , Viswanathan G M , Kenkre V M
Published: March 2022

We present numerical investigations into the question of the validity of the Boltzmann prescription in statistical mechanics for large systems, addressing the issue of whether extensivity of energy implies the extensivity of the Boltzmann entropy. The importance of the question stems from the fact that it is currently considered open by some investigators but quite settled by others. We report ab initio results for gas-like Hamiltonian systems with long-range as well as short-range interactions, based on simulations that explicitly consider more than 230 ≈ 109 states of the full Hilbert space. The basis of the technique is Monte Carlo algorithms. Despite the largeness of the numbers used, careful inspection shows that the systems studied are still too small to settle uniquely the issues raised. Therefore, the new approach outlined represents a first step in addressing on first principles the question of non-extensive statistical mechanics. General theoretical comments are also supplied to supplement the numerical investigations.
Frontiers in computing for artificial intelligence
Authors: Humble T.S. , Perdue G.N. , Fahim F. , Lamm H. , Schram M.
Published: March 2022

An emerging diversity of computational platforms offers many different approaches to adopting the paradigm of artificial intelligence to the study of electron-ion collisions. Here we review several leading candidates in this computational frontier and their workflows for experimental applications of artificial intelligence that may impact the future Electron-Ion Collider. We discuss the motivation for exploring novel methods to solve artificial intelligence and machine learning problems including with customized devices, quantum simulation, and heterogeneous computing systems. These technologies offer promising approaches to address some of the leading concerns of future computing that may impact the Electron-Ion Collider but they will require further development and testing in order to support future planning efforts.
Nested closed paths in two-dimensional percolation
Authors: Song Yu-Feng , Tan Xiao-Jun , Zhang Xin-Hang , Jacobsen Jesper Lykke , Nienhuis Bernard , Deng Youjin
Published: March 2022

For two-dimensional percolation on a domain with the topology of a disc, we introduce a nested-path (NP) operator and thus a continuous family of one-point functions

W

k

≡

⟨

R
⋅

k

ℓ

⟩

, where ℓ is the number of independent (i.e., non-overlapping) nested closed paths surrounding the center, k is a path fugacity, and

R

projects on configurations having a cluster connecting the center to the boundary. At criticality, we observe a power-law scaling

W

k

∼

L

−

X

NP

, with L the linear system size, and we determine the exponent X
NP as a function of k. On the basis of our numerical results, we conjecture an analytical formula,

X

NP

(

k

)

=

3

4

ϕ

2

−

5

48

ϕ

2

/

(

ϕ

2

−

2

3

)

with k = 2 cos(πϕ), which reproduces the exact results for k = 0, 1 and agrees with the high-precision estimate of

X
NP

for other k values. In addition, we observe that W
2(L) = 1 for site percolation on the triangular lattice with any size L, and we prove this identity for all self-matching lattices.
Polydimethylsiloxane brushes and the search for extraterrestrial life
Authors: Golovin Kevin , Khatir Behrooz , Recla Letícia , Azimi Dijvejin Zahra , Zhao Xiaoxiao
Published: March 2022

The low temperature and high pressure tribological properties of polydimethylsiloxane brushes with ice are explored to demonstrate their feasibility as an exterior coating for an off-world cryobot. Successful deposition of the brushes on silicon and glass was confirmed with a contact angle hysteresis < 2° and a surface roughness below 1 nm. The friction factor of the brushes roughly doubled when the temperature was lowered from +20 °C to −20 °C, but it decreased by 55% when the normal force was increased from 0.5 N to 16 N. When sheared, adhered ice slid on the brushes at a shear stress around 21 kPa, and this did not increase with an additional normal pressure of up to 98 kPa. A glass rod coated with the brushes served as a cryobot surrogate and was frozen within cores of −10 °C ice 1–3 cm high. Weight attached to the rod enabled it to cleanly slide completely through the ice cores at the ambient −10 °C, i.e. without melting the ice. Together, these results indicate that polydimethylsiloxane brushes may be a feasible exterior coating for an off-world cryobot that would enable it to slide through the frozen surface of potentially life-harboring bodies such as Europa or Enceladus, avoiding the need to melt the entire cryobot’s exterior.
Quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics studies on the intrinsic properties of typical ester oil molecules
Authors: Jia Dan , Li Jian , Zhan Shengpeng , Jin Yongliang , Cheng Bingxue , Tu Jiesong , Li Yinhua , Duan Haitao
Published: March 2022

The molecular structure of lubricating oil affects its lubrication properties, catalytic and hydrolytic stability, and anti-wear properties. Based on the idea of material genomics, researchers are trying to find the correlation between structural characteristics and functional performances of lubricating oil, but the correlation can only explore the influence weight of structural parameters on performance, it is also very important to research the influence mechanism. In this study, through quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations, (i) the spatial configurations of four typical ester lubricants with different chain length structures were studied, (ii) effects of active functional groups and charge distribution on the properties of the ester lubricants were discussed, and (iii) electronic transition and molecular orbital contributions were compared. The calculated results are expected to provide considerable support for theoretical research on the anti-wear and anti-oxidation mechanisms of ester lubricants and assist the rapid design, development and application of lubricating materials.
Design of the stripping unit and the electromagnetic analysis unit for the E//B NPA on HL-2A/2M tokamak
Authors: ZANG Linge , QU Yufan , LUO Yuan , LIN Weiping
Published: March 2022

An E//B neutral particle analyzer is under development for fast ion diagnosis on HL-2A/2 M tokamak. The stripping unit is composed of a stripping room (equipped with two differential tubes and a gas supply bellows), a vacuum chamber and a vacuum pumping system. The stripping efficiency of the stripping room is calculated in the form of global efficiency R × f
+1, where R is the non-scattered-away rate and f
+1 is the fraction of charge state +1. The magnetic field of the E//B analyzer is produced with a permanent magnet. The yoke and the poles of the magnet are made of mild steel and the magnet plates are made of NdFeB. The magnetic poles are specially designed to focus the ion trajectories and to increase the use rate of the magnet. The shape of the magnet and the electric plates are carefully designed so that the ions are dispersed into two lines of H+ and D+ on the detector plane. For each line, the energy increases from 10 to 200 keV from one side to another.
Field-effect surface chemistry: chemical reactions on two-dimensional materials controlled by field-effect transistor configurations
Authors: Nouchi Ryo
Published: March 2022

Because chemical reactions are largely governed by the movement of electrons, it is possible to control chemical reactions using electronic devices that provide functionality by controlling the movement of electrons in a solid. In this perspective, we discuss the concept of ‘field-effect surface chemistry,’ which controls chemical reactions on two-dimensional materials using field-effect transistors (FETs), a representative electronic device. The electrical voltages to be applied for the FET operation are the gate voltage and drain voltage. The former is expected to control the Fermi level and exert the effect of the electric field directly on the reactants, while the latter is expected to provide local heating by Joule heat and energy transfer to the reactants. Further, we discuss a sample structure that does not require any voltage but has the same effect as the gate voltage.
Algebraic deformations and Fourier–Mukai transforms for Calabi–Yau manifolds
Authors: Morimura Hayato
Published: March 2022

Given a pair of derived-equivalent Calabi–Yau manifolds of dimension more than two, we prove that the derived equivalence can be extended to general fibers of versal deformations. As an application, we give a new proof of the Pfaffian–Grassmannian derived equivalence.
Polynomial hulls of arcs and curves II
Authors: Izzo Alexander
Published: March 2022

We prove that if a compact set

E
E

in

C

N

\mathbb {C}^N

is contained in an arc

J
J

, then there is a choice of

J
J

whose polynomial hull

J
^

\widehat {J}

is

J
∪

E
^

J\cup \widehat {E}

. This strengthens an earlier result of the author. We also correct an inaccuracy in the statement, and fill a gap in the proof, of that earlier result.
Obstruction theory in a model category and Klein and Williams’ intersection invariants
Authors: Ponto Kate
Published: March 2022

We give an obstruction theory for lifts and extensions in a model category inspired by Klein and Williams’ work on intersection theory. In contrast to the familiar obstructions from algebraic topology, this theory produces a single invariant that is complete in the presence of the appropriate generalizations of dimension and connectivity assumptions.
On the impossibility of four-dimensional complex-hyperbolic Einstein Dehn filling
Authors: Di Cerbo Luca , Golla Marco
Published: March 2022

We show that the complex-hyperbolic Einstein Dehn filling compactification cannot possibly be performed in dimension four.
The étale Brauer-Manin obstruction to strong approximation on homogeneous spaces
Authors: Demeio Julian
Published: March 2022

It is known that, under a necessary non-compactness assumption, the Brauer-Manin obstruction is the only one to strong approximation on homogeneous spaces

X
X

under a linear group

G
G

(or under a connected algebraic group, under assumption of finiteness of a suitable Tate-Shafarevich group), provided that the geometric stabilizers of

X
X

are connected. In this work we prove, under similar assumptions, that the étale-Brauer-Manin obstruction to strong approximation is the only one for homogeneous spaces with arbitrary stabilizers. We also deal with some related questions, concerning strong approximation outside a finite set of valuations. Finally, we prove a compatibility result, suggested to be true by work of Cyril Demarche, between the Brauer-Manin obstruction pairing on quotients

G

/

H

G/H

, where

G
G

and

H
H

are connected algebraic groups and

H
H

is linear, and certain abelianization morphisms associated with these spaces.
Twisted quantum affinizations and quantization of extended affine lie algebras
Authors: Chen Fulin , Jing Naihuan , Kong Fei , Tan Shaobin
Published: March 2022

In this paper, for an arbitrary Kac-Moody Lie algebra

g

{\mathfrak g}

and a diagram automorphism

μ
\mu

of

g

{\mathfrak g}

satisfying certain natural linking conditions, we introduce and study a

μ
\mu

-twisted quantum affinization algebra

U

ℏ

(

g

^

μ

)

{\mathcal U}_\hbar \left (\hat {\mathfrak g}_\mu \right )

of

g

{\mathfrak g}

. When

g

{\mathfrak g}

is of finite type,

U

ℏ

(

g

^

μ

)

{\mathcal U}_\hbar \left (\hat {\mathfrak g}_\mu \right )

is Drinfeld’s current algebra realization of the twisted quantum affine algebra. When

μ
=

i
d

\mu =\mathrm {id}

and

g

{\mathfrak g}

in affine type,

U

ℏ

(

g

^

μ

)

{\mathcal U}_\hbar \left (\hat {\mathfrak g}_\mu \right )

is the quantum toroidal algebra introduced by Ginzburg, Kapranov and Vasserot. As the main results of this paper, we first prove a triangular decomposition for

U

ℏ

(

g

^

μ

)

{\mathcal U}_\hbar \left (\hat {\mathfrak g}_\mu \right )

. Second, we give a simple characterization of the affine quantum Serre relations on restricted

U

ℏ

(

g

^

μ

)

{\mathcal U}_\hbar \left (\hat {\mathfrak g}_\mu \right )

-modules in terms of “normal order products”. Third, we prove that the category of restricted

U

ℏ

(

g

^

μ

)

{\mathcal U}_\hbar \left (\hat {\mathfrak g}_\mu \right )

-modules is a monoidal category and hence obtain a topological Hopf algebra structure on the “restricted completion” of

U

ℏ

(

g

^

μ

)

{\mathcal U}_\hbar \left (\hat {\mathfrak g}_\mu \right )

. Last, we study the classical limit of

U

ℏ

(

g

^

μ

)

{\mathcal U}_\hbar \left (\hat {\mathfrak g}_\mu \right )

and abridge it to the quantization theory of extended affine Lie algebras. In particular, based on a classification result of Allison-Berman-Pianzola, we obtain the

ℏ
\hbar

-deformation of all nullity

2
2

extended affine Lie algebras.
Violence: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Dwyer Philip
Published: March 2022

Violence: A Very Short Introduction examines the physical acts of violence in the modern world, describing it as one of humanity’s most enduring traits and a phenomenon that all cultures and societies share. It also traces the long history of violence and disputes the claim that it is diminishing. This VSI discusses different aspects of violence and diverse attitudes towards violence in the past and present. It talks about violence in cultural, social, economic, and political contexts. However, it also points out that not all groups or individuals are equally violent, nor does violence exist with the same intensity across societies.
Differences in Hypertension and Stage II Hypertension by Demographic and Risk Factors, Obtained by Two Different Protocols in US Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2017–2018
Authors: Ostchega Yechiam , Hughes Jeffery P , Kit Brian , Chen Te-Ching , Nwankwo Tatiana , Commodore-Mensah Yvonne , Graber Jessica E , Nguyen Duong T
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

To compare prevalence of hypertension and stage II hypertension assessed by 2 blood pressure (BP) observation protocols.

METHODS

Participants aged 18 years and older (n = 4,689) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2017–2018) had their BP measured following 2 protocols: the legacy auscultation protocol (AP) and oscillometric protocol (OP). The order of protocols was randomly assigned. Prevalence estimates for hypertension (BP ≥130/80 mm Hg or use of medication for hypertension) and stage II hypertension (BP ≥140/90 mm Hg) were determined overall, by demographics, and by risk factors for each protocol. Ratios (OP% ÷ AP%) and kappa statistics were calculated.

RESULTS

Age-adjusted hypertension prevalence was 44.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 41.1%–48.0%) using OP and 45.1% (95% CI: 41.5%–48.7%) using AP, prevalence ratio = 0.99 (95% CI = 0.94–1.04). Age-adjusted stage II hypertension prevalence was 15.8% (95% CI: 13.6%–18.2%) using AP and 17.1% (95% CI: 14.7%–19.7%) using OP, prevalence ratio = 0.92 (95% CI = 0.81–1.04). For both hypertension and stage II hypertension, the prevalence ratios by demographics and by risk factors all included unity in their 95% CI, except for stage II hypertension in adults 60+ years (ratio: 0.88 [95% CI: 0.78–0.98]). Kappa for agreement between protocols for hypertension and stage II hypertension was 0.75 (95% CI = 0.71–0.79) and 0.67 (95% CI = 0.61–0.72), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

In adults and for nearly all subcategories there were no significant differences in prevalence of hypertension and stage II hypertension between protocols, indicating that protocol change may not affect the national prevalence estimates of hypertension and stage II hypertension.
MOSS: multi-omic integration with sparse value decomposition
Authors: Gonzalez-Reymundez Agustin , Grueneberg Alexander , Lu Guanqi , Alves Filipe Couto , Rincon Gonzalo , Vazquez Ana I
Published: March 2022

This article presents multi-omic integration with sparse value decomposition (MOSS), a free and open-source R package for integration and feature selection in multiple large omics datasets. This package is computationally efficient and offers biological insight through capabilities, such as cluster analysis and identification of informative omic features.

Availability and implementation

https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=MOSS.

Supplementary information

Supplementary information can be found at https://github.com/agugonrey/GonzalezReymundez2021.
Five-year results of Amaze: a randomized controlled trial of adjunct surgery for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Sharples Linda D , Mills Christine , Chiu Yi-Da , Fynn Simon , Holcombe Helen M , Nashef Samer A M
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVES

The Amaze trial showed that adding atrial fibrillation (AF) surgery to cardiac operations increased return to sinus rhythm (SR) without impact on quality of life or survival at 2 years. We report outcomes to 5 years.

METHODS

In a multicentre, phase III, pragmatic, double-blind, randomized controlled superiority trial, cardiac surgery patients with >3 months of AF were randomized 1:1 to adjunct AF surgery or control. Primary outcomes of 1-year SR restoration and 2-year quality-adjusted survival were already reported. This study reports on rhythm, survival, quality-adjusted survival, stroke, medication and safety to 5 years.

RESULTS

Between 2009 and 2014, 352 patients were randomized. By 5 years 79 died, 58 withdrew, 34 were lost to follow-up and the remaining 182 provided data. AF surgery significantly increased the odds of remaining in SR at 5 years {odds ratio = 2.98 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.23, 7.17], P = 0.015}. There was a non-significant decrease in stroke incidence [odds ratio = 0.605 (95% CI 0.284, 1.287), P = 0.19], but no improved survival [5-year survival: AF surgery 77.3% (95% CI 71.1%, 83.5%), controls 77.8% (95% CI 71.7%, 84.0%), P = 0.85]. Quality-adjusted survival difference was negligible (−0.03; 95% CI −0.33, 0.27, P = 0.85). The composite of survival free of stroke and AF was better in the AF surgery group [odds ratio = 2.34 (95% CI 1.03, 5.31)]. There were no other differences.

CONCLUSIONS

Adjunct AF surgery confers a higher rate of SR to 5 years and a better composite outcome of survival free of stroke and AF but has no impact on overall or quality-adjusted survival or other clinical outcomes.

Clinical trial registration number

ISRCTN82731440.
Improved methods to assess the effect of bacteria on germination of fungal spores
Authors: Estoppey Aislinn , Weisskopf Laure , Di Francesco Eva , Vallat-Michel Armelle , Bindschedler Saskia , Chain Patrick S , Junier Pilar
Published: March 2022

Bacterial-fungal interactions (BFI) play a major role on ecosystem functioning and might be particularly relevant at a specific development stage. For instance, in the case of biological control of fungal pathogens by bacteria, a highly relevant kind of BFI, in-vitro experiments often assess the impact of a bacterium on the inhibition of actively growing mycelia. However, this fails to consider other stages of plant infection such as the germination of a spore or a sclerotium. This study aims to present novel experimental platforms for in-vitro experiments with fungal spores, in order to assess the effect of bacteria on germination and fungal growth control, to recover the metabolites produced in the interaction, and to enhance direct visualisation of BFI. Botrytis cinerea, a phytopathogenic fungus producing oxalic acid (OA) as pathogenicity factor, was used as model. Given that oxalotrophic bacteria have been shown previously to control the growth of B. cinerea, the oxalotrophic bacteria Cupriavidus necator and Cupriavidus oxalaticus were used as models. The experiments performed demonstrated the suitability of the methods and confirmed that both bacteria were able to control the growth of B. cinerea, but only in media in which soluble OA was detected by the fungus. The methods presented here can be easily performed in any microbiology laboratory and are not only applicable to screen for potential biocontrol agents, but also to better understand BFI.