bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hazardous natural processes and risks at offshore fields development with the use of subsea production of hydrocarbons (In English).
Authors:   National University of Gas and Oil “Gubkin University”, Dziublo Aleksandr
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The article considers the main risks (technological, geological, societal and environmental) of offshore fields development, facilities construction and exploitation with the use of subsea production of hydrocarbons. Research aim is to analyze the main risks of offshore oil and gas projects implementation, which are associated with harsh natural and climatic conditions of the Sakhalin Island shelf, their impact on subsea facilities and to develop the remedial measures for the risks. Methodology. Risk analysis made it possible to identify the main risk factors in offshore projects development and determine remedial measures that are high-priority in offshore field exploitation at the stage of design and, most importantly, at the stage of project implementation. Analysis and discussion. Based on actual data of large oil and gas fields development, an in-depth analysis of the main risks associated with the climatic conditions on the Sakhalin shelf has shown that the region’s main geological risks are: seismicity, surface gas, seabed gouging by ice and soil liquefaction. Therefore, it is necessary to use modern environmentally sound technologies of subsea oil and gas production, which are based on successfully implemented projects abroad and the experience of shelf fields development in Russian. Conclusion. Effective development of oil and gas fields on the Sakhalin shelf is possible only if in the course of project implementation the geological, technological, societal and environmental risks are taken into account and controlled based on the developed remedial measures.
Universidad y democracia. Una reflexión sobre los valores ético-políticos en la educación superior
Authors: Rodríguez Ramírez Dairon Alfonso , Silva Rojas Alonso , Angarita Velasco Liliana Andrea
Published: December 2020

La presente investigación buscó sustentar, desde la perspectiva dialógica, una propuesta crítico-reflexiva de la formación para la ciudadanía democrática en el ámbito universitario. Para la realización de la presente investigación se llevó a cabo una recopilación de fuentes bibliográficas originales, las cuales fueron seleccionadas por su trascendencia e impacto en el debate contemporáneo sobre el significado de la ciudadanía democrática y su relación con la formación universitaria. Para la construcción de la propuesta, se utilizó el método hermenéutico-filosófico de interpretación y se consideraron tres aspectos: fundamentación epistémica de una pedagogía crítica y abierta al diálogo; la necesidad de instituciones de educación superior que formen ciudadanos éticamente responsables; y la consideración de la formación universitaria desde el fomento de la libertad, la deliberación y la solidaridad. Las reflexiones de la presente investigación permiten concluir que la educación universitaria debe comprometerse con el desarrollo de tres principios fundamentales en los estudiantes: el respeto, la responsabilidad y la solidaridad, en el marco de una pedagogía dialógica. Estos valores se despliegan en cada una de las tres cuestiones tratadas aquí.
ZONGULDAK KOMÜNİZMLE MÜCADELE DERNEĞİ
Authors: AYDINLI Erkan
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada, Zonguldak’ta kurulan Zonguldak Komünizmle Mücadele Derneği’nin kuruluşu, amacı, faaliyetleri ve kapanışı incelenmiştir. Soğuk Savaş Dönemi’nin anti-komünist siyasetinin etkisinde kurulan bu dernek, yaklaşık olarak dört yıl faaliyet göstererek geliştirdiği milliyetçi söylemlerle birlikte mitingler, konferanslar ve toplantılar düzenlerken, bir yandan da neşrettikleri yayınlarla hem kamuoyunda hem de siyasette etkin bir görünüm sergileyerek komünizmle mücadele etmiştir. Yerel bir dernek olarak kurulan Zonguldak Komünizmle Mücadele Derneği, kadrosuna kattığı Nejdet Sançar, Halit Taşman gibi Türkçü isimlerin etkisiyle yeni milliyetçi söylemler geliştirmiştir. Yürütülen bu faaliyetlerle Dernek’in etki alanı Zonguldak ilinin sınırları dışına çıkmıştır. Böylelikle Türk siyasi hayatına da etki eden Dernek, kendinden sonra açılacak olan komünizmle mücadele derneklerine de komünizmle mücadele konusunda örnek teşkil etmiştir.
YAŞLI BİREYLERİN KONUT ERİŞİMİNE YÖNELİK BEKLENTİLERİ
Authors: ÖZER BAŞ Gizem
Published: December 2020

Tüm dünyada yaşanan gelişmeler doğrultusunda yaşam kalitesi artmaktadır. Buna bağlı olarak uzayan yaşam süresi; yaşlı nüfus oranlarının yükselmesine sebep olmaktadır. Uzayan yaşlılık süreci beraberinde yeni gereksinimler doğurmaktadır. Sosyal, psikolojik, fizyolojik ve çevresel yönleri olan yaşlanma süreci tüm bireyler için ne kadar sağlıklı ilerler ise başarılı ve dinç yaşlanmanın gerçekleşmesi o kadar mümkün olabilecektir.
Yaşlanmanın önemli etmenlerinden biri çevresel koşullardır. Çevresel günlük gereksinimlerin karşılandığı, gündelik hayatın sürdürüldüğü konut ve yakın çevresidir. Yakın çevre olarak tanımlanan konut iç mekanı, konuta erişim ve konut yakın çevresindeki imkanlar; bir bütün olarak yaşlı bireyin gereksinimlerini karşılayabildiğinde başarılı yaşlanmanın gerçekleşmesi mümkün olabilecektir. Yaşlının barınma mekanı olan konutu hem erişim hem de tasarım anlamında önem arz etmektedir. Uygun çevresel tasarım ve olanaklar yaşlı bireyin hayata bağlılığını arttırabilmektedir.

Yaşlının barınma mekanı olan konutu hem erişim hem de tasarım anlamında önem arz etmektedir. Konutun kolaylıkla erişilebilmesi özellikle ileri yaştaki kullanıcının önemli çevresel beklentilerinden biridir. Bu çalışmada da amaç yaşlı bireylerin konuta erişimine yönelik beklentilerini saptamayı ve buna yönelik yaşam kalitesini yükseltmeye yönelik saptamaları belirlemeyi hedeflemektedir. Bu amaca ulaşabilmek için alan çalışması yapılmış ileri yaştaki birey oranının yüksek olduğu bölgede yapılan çalışmada anket yöntemi kullanılmıştır.

Yaşlı bireylerin bireysel yaşam kalitelerini arttırmak üzere konutlarına yönelik memnuniyetleri ile konutlarının fiziksel koşullarının karşılaştırılması doğrultusunda beklentilerin ölçülmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Beklentilerin saptanması ile yaşlı bireylerin yaşam kalitelerinin arttırılmasına yönelik konuta erişim ile ilgili fiziksel koşulları belirlemek mümkün olabilecektir.

Yaşlı olarak tanımlanan bireylerin sınırlandırılabilmesi için çalışmada hedef kitle 60 yaşın üstündeki katılımcılar ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Yapılan araştırma sonucunda konut ile ilgili veriler saptanmıştır. Anket çalışmasında katılımcı grubuna konutlarının fiziksel koşulları ile ilgili sorular yöneltilmiştir. İkamet ettikleri konutlarına yönelik memnun olma düzeyleri ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen veriler demografik veriler ile karşılaştırılarak diğer anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Yaşlı bireyin konut yaklaşımı ile ilgili beklentilerine yönelik veriler değerlendirilerek öneriler getirilmiştir.
Analysis of coupling fault correlation and nonlinear vibration of multi-stage gear transmission system
Authors: Zhao Qiaorong , Wang Xin , Li Taotao , Zhang Hongwei
Published: December 2020

In the multistage gear transmission system, when multiple faults are coupled, the faults with weak signals are often hidden and hard to identify. Multi-fault coupling may also cause new coupling fault characteristics, such as new peaks or side bands in the spectrum. These characteristics are likely to contain fault information. Studying the sources of frequency components in coupled fault signals will help to decouple the signals and dig out the correlation characteristics between faults. The coupling fault of fixed-axis gear crack and planetary gear tooth broken was studied in this paper. The nonlinear dynamic model of the multi-stage gear transmission system was used for simulation, and the fault frequency characteristics of the system varying with the excitation frequency were obtained. The short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and waterfall plot analysis were applied to the experimental signals to separate the fault features. By comparing the theoretical and experimental signals, we found the natural frequency of the system, the side frequency characteristics of single fault and coupling fault, and the cause of new peaks. This study has a guiding significance for the separation and identification of coupling faults of the multi-stage gear transmission system.
Artificial Intelligence as a Business Partner in Cardiovascular Precision Medicine: An Emerging Approach for Disease Detection and Treatment Optimization
Authors: Visco Valeria , Ferruzzi Germano Junior , Nicastro Federico , Virtuoso Nicola , Carrizzo Albino , Galasso Gennaro , Vecchione Carmine , Ciccarelli Michele
Published: December 2020

Background:

In the real world, medical practice is changing hand in hand
with the development of new Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems and problems from different
areas have been successfully solved using AI algorithms. Specifically, the use of
AI techniques in setting up or building precision medicine is significant in terms of the
accuracy of disease discovery and tailored treatment. Moreover, with the use of technology,
clinical personnel can deliver a very much efficient healthcare service.

Objective:

This article reviews AI state-of-the-art in cardiovascular disease management,
focusing on diagnostic and therapeutic improvements.

Methods:

To that end, we conducted a detailed PubMed search on AI application from
distinct areas of cardiology: heart failure, arterial hypertension, atrial fibrillation, syncope
and cardiovascular rehabilitation. Particularly, to assess the impact of these technologies
in clinical decision-making, this research considers technical and medical aspects.

Results:

: On one hand, some devices in heart failure, atrial fibrillation and cardiac rehabilitation
represent an inexpensive, not invasive or not very invasive approach to long-term
surveillance and management in these areas. On the other hand, the availability of large
datasets (big data) is a useful tool to predict the development and outcome of many cardiovascular
diseases. In summary, with this new guided therapy, the physician can supply
prompt, individualised, and tailored treatment and the patients feel safe as they are
continuously monitored, with a significant psychological effect.

Conclusion:

Soon, tailored patient care via telemonitoring can improve clinical practice
because AI-based systems support cardiologists in daily medical activities, improving disease
detection and treatment. However, the physician-patient relationship remains a pivotal
step.
The Hydroxamic Acids as Potential Anticancer and Neuroprotective Agents
Authors: Neganova Margarita E. , Klochkov Sergey G. , Aleksandrova Yulia R. , Aliev Gjumrakch
Published: December 2020

Hydroxamic acids are a promising class of chemical compounds with proven
antitumor potential, primarily due to their ability to inhibit the activity of histone deacetylase
enzymes. The analysis of modern experimental data shows a wide range of biological
activities of hydroxamic acids, which make them equally worthy candidates for the
fight against neuropathologies. A characteristic feature of hydroxamic acids is their ability
to act simultaneously on several promising molecular targets for the correction of both
neuropathologies and oncological diseases, thereby exhibiting multifunctionality. This review
discusses the effect of hydroxamic acids on key parts of cancer and neurodegenerative
disorders' pathogenesis. Pathological changes in the processes associated with oxidative
stress, the functioning of mitochondria, and the activity of metal enzymes of the
class of histone deacetylases, as the main links in the epigenetic regulation of pathological
conditions, are such molecular targets.
Mucoadhesive Low Molecular Chitosan Complexes to Protect rHuKGF from Proteolysis: In-vitro Characterization and FHs 74 Int Cell Proliferation Studies
Authors: Tee Yi N. , Kumar Palanirajan V. , Maki Marwan A.A. , Elumalai Manogaran , Rahman Shiek A.K.M.E.H. , Cheah Shiau-Chuen
Published: December 2020

Background:

Recombinant Keratinocyte Growth Factor (rHuKGF) is a therapeutic protein
used widely in oral mucositis after chemotherapy in various cancers, stimulating lung morphogenesis
and gastrointestinal tract cell proliferation. In this research study, chitosan-rHuKGF polymeric complex
was implemented to improve the stability of rHuKGF and used as rejuvenation therapy for the
treatment of oral mucositis in cancer patients.

Objective:

Complexation of rHuKGF with mucoadhesive low molecular weight chitosan to protect
rHuKGF from proteolysis and investigate the effect of chitosan-rHuKGF complex on the proliferation
rate of FHs 74 Int cells.

Methods:

The interaction between chitosan and rHuKGF was studied by molecular docking. Malvern
ZetaSizer Nano Zs and Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) tests were carried out to characterize
the chitosan-rHuKGF complex. In addition, SDS-PAGE was performed to investigate the interaction
between chitosan-rHuKGF complex and pepsin. The effect of chitosan-rHuKGF complex on
the proliferation rate of FHs 74 Int cells was studied by MTT assay.

Results:

Chitosan-rHuKGF complex was formed through the hydrogen bonding proven by the docking
studies. A stable chitosan-rHuKGF complex was formed at pH 4.5 and was protected from proteolysis
and assessed by SDS PAGE. According to the MTT assay results, chitosan-rHuKGF complex increased
the cell proliferation rate of FHs 74 Int cells.

Conclusion:

The developed complex improved the stability and the biological function of rHuKGF.
The Effect of Levosimendan on Two Distinct Rodent Models of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Abuirmeileh Amjad N. , Alzoubi Karem H. , Rababa’h Abeer M.
Published: December 2020

Background:

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized
by motor symptoms related to the deficiency in dopamine levels, and cognitive symptoms that
are similar in nature to those manifested during Alzheimer’s disease. Levosimendan, on the other hand, is
a calcium sensitizer and phosphodiesterase inhibitor that was shown to possess neuroprotective, memoryenhancing,
and anti-apoptotic properties.

Objective:

In the current study, the possible protective effect of levosimendan was investigated in two
animal models of Parkinson’s disease.

Methods:

Both intracerebral injection 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and the direct injection of
lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the substantia nigra were used as models to induce Parkinson’s-like behavior.
Levosimendan (12 μg/kg intraperitoneally once weekly) was started 7 days before or 2 days after
lesioning of the animals. At day 14 post-lesioning, animals were subjected to apomorphine challenge,
which was correlated with dopamine levels in the striatum and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive nigral
cells.

Results:

Results showed that levosimendan restored the number of rotations in the apomorphine challenge
test, the levels of dopamine in the striatum, and the TH-positive nigral cells when administered
7 days before, but not two days after 6-OHDA lesioning. In the LPS model of PD, the number of rotations
in the apomorphine challenge test, the levels of dopamine in the striatum, and the TH-positive nigral
cells were restored when levosimendan was administered 7 days before as well as two days after lesioning.

Conclusion:

Levosimendan seems to provide a promising agent with potential clinical value for PD.
Molecular Insights into Resveratrol and Its Analogs as SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Protease Inhibitors
Authors: Patil Vaishali M. , Narkhede Rohan R. , Masand Neeraj , Cheke Rameshwar S. , Balasubramanian Krishnan
Published: December 2020

Introduction:

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is plaguing the
entire world. Amidst the pandemic, research and development efforts are focused on the challenges associated with SARSCoV-2 structure.

Material and Methods:

The efficient computational methodologies are applied to screen the available FDA-approved
drugs/datasets/libraries to identify potent molecule. In the present study, we have carried out ab initio quantum chemical
studies including relativistic effects followed by molecular docking with the SARS-CoV-2 protease target by employing a
tailor-made library consisting of molecular analogs of Resveratrol, a natural bioflavonoid.

Results:

The derived docking results were validated with ab initio quantum computations that included both density
functional level (DFT) and Moller-Plesset second order perturbation theories (MP2). We find that Resveratrol and its
analogs (R8 and R17) bind to the SARS-CoV-2 protease target. In addition to this the computed IR spectrum is found in
agreement with the reported experimental spectra for Resveratrol complexes and thus validates the modeling and reliability
of proposed geometries. The solvation energies in aqueous phase obtained using enhanced aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets confirm
enhancement of bioavailability for Resveratrol through piperine, a natural alkaloid.

Conclusion:

The potential of the natural bioflavonoid Resveratrol and its analogs to be investigated through in vivo and in
vitro SARS-CoV-2 protease models is concluded.

Other:

The study investigated potential of natural polyphenols as promising anti-viral therapeutics.
Cultural Adaptation of Digital Knowledge Translation Tools for Acute Otitis Media in Low- to Middle-Income Countries: Mixed Methods Usability Study
Authors: Meherali Salima , Hartling Lisa , Scott Shannon D
Published: December 2020

Background

Acute otitis media (AOM) is the most common pediatric bacterial ear infection. AOM presents challenges to parents who lack accurate information. Digital knowledge translation tools offer a promising approach to communicating complex health information. We developed AOM knowledge translation tools for Canadian parents and augmented them for Pakistani parent end users.

Objective

This pilot study aimed to (1) develop AOM knowledge translation tools for Canadian parents, (2) adapt the knowledge translation tools across cultural contexts, and (3) evaluate the usability of the adapted knowledge translation tools.

Methods

Parents’ perceptions of the translated knowledge translation tools’ usability were explored using a mixed-methods design. We recruited parent participants from a hospital in Pakistan to complete usability surveys (n=47) and focus group interviews (n=21). Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used to analyze data.

Results

Usability results showed the usefulness and effectiveness of both adapted knowledge translation tools. Parents reported preferring a digital media narrative format in their own language. Findings revealed that culturally adapted knowledge translation tools are effective in transferring health information to parents.

Conclusions

Digital knowledge translation tools offer a promising approach to improving health literacy and communicating complex health information to parents of children with AOM. Culturally adapting the tools generated important knowledge that will contribute to knowledge translation advancements. Evaluation of the tool effectiveness is a critical next step to exploring the impact of knowledge translation tools on child health outcomes.
Female Sociology as a Source of Empowerment of Women in Academia, Sociology, and Society
Authors: Music Lejla
Published: December 2020

Even though there are many influent female sociologists, they are not well introduced in literature, and academic journals, because of double standards, in recognition of academic works of women. Jessie Bernard (Wharton, 2012, p. 5) strives for the female enlightenment, questioning the sociology as male stream, and therefore focused only to male experiences, in famous statement: “Can sociology become science of society rather than science of male society?” (Wharton, 2012, p. 5). Dorothy Smith wrote her famous work Sociology for women as antecedents of later formed discipline of sociology of gender. She was lecturer at University of Oregon, where in the academic staff of 44 persons she was the only woman: “The chilly climate for women” (Ritzer, 1997, pp. 308-309), is the way in which Dorothy Smith explains her experience in teaching Gender studies in early seventies. Radical feminism, with its notion of violence over the women in public and private sphere, demands the identification of these spheres, in order for women to be involved in academic life with overcoming the negative stereotypes regarding the roles of women and man.
SYNTHESIS OF A STRATEGY FOR GUARANTEED CONDITION-BASED MAINTENANCE OF COMPLEX ENGINEERING SYSTEMS UNDER HEAVY-DUTY SERVICE
Authors:   O.V. Abramov Institute of automation & control processes FEB RAS, Abramov O.V.
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the problem of managing the technical condition (choosing the optimal operation strategy) of complex high-duty engineering systems. The research focuses on the synthesis of the op-eration strategy based on the guaranteed result principle and the ideas of the functional-parametric as-pects of the reliability theory.
SEQUENTIAL PROCEDURE FOR NONPARAMETRIC ESTIMATION OF STOCHASTIC DE-PENDENCE
Authors:   A.V. Lapko Siberian State Aerospace University, Lapko A.V. , Lapko V.A. ,   V.A. Lapko Siberian State Aerospace University
Published: December 2020

A technique is proposed for constructing a nonparametric model of a multidimensional dependence in conditions of small volumes of initial statistical data. The method is based on a sequential procedure for building a nonparametric model in the space of argument lists of the restored dependency. The as-ymptotic properties of the developed model are investigated and the results of computational experi-ments are presented.
HISTORY OF THE GOSNITI ESTABLISHMENT
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, CHERNOIVANOV VYACHESLAV , LYALYAKIN VALENTIN
Published: December 2020

With the increase in the production of new machines, it was necessary to pay more attention to their repair and maintenance, expand research, create appropriate standards, and constantly update technical documentation. The pre-1953 repair laboratories were not powerful enough to solve the growing problems. In 1953, it was decided to establish The State Union Research Institute for the Repair and Operation of Tractors and Agricultural Machinery. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in describing the history of GOSNITI establishment, analyzing the tasks and results of the Institute's activities over the first decade. (Materials and methods) The article presents the base of the new Institute and its quantitative composition. The article describes the main objectives of the Institute and its activities. (Results and discussion) Work was carried out to create self-moving workshops for filling filters, electric brake stands, stands for testing fuel equipment, equipment for vibration contact surfacing. The calculations of the repair base for the regions were carried out. The article presents the list of works that were widely implemented in the national economy and the list of publications of technical documentation. GOSNITI was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor by the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on May 25, 1967, for implementing the system and advanced technology for repairing cars. (Conclusions) The staff of the established Institute successfully completed the tasks set in the first decade.
MODERN REQUIREMENTS FOR THE TECHNICAL LEVEL OF COMBINE HARVESTERS
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, CHAPLYGIN PH.D. , DAVYDOVA SVETLANA , PODZOROV ALEKSEY
Published: December 2020

To create a high-performance export-oriented sector in the agro-industrial complex, it is necessary to develop domestic innovative technological and technical solutions in agriculture, use advanced technologies for agricultural production, and equip farms with machines of high technical level, reliability and quality. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in studying the compliance of the technical level of domestic combine harvesters with global trends in combine construction. (Materials and methods) Authors studied Rosstat statistical databases, product catalogs of major combine-building enterprises, information materials of Russian and foreign companies and scientific institutions, research reports on this topic, articles and analytical reviews. Authors used the methods of complex structural and dynamic analysis and expert-analytical method of information processing to monitor the technical level of combine harvesters of domestic and foreign production for the period 2015-2018...
Reduplikācija Georga Manceļa Sprediķu grāmatā (1654)
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Frīdenberga Anna
Published: December 2020

Rakstā aplūkotas dažādas reduplikācijas izpausmes Georga Manceļa Sprediķu grāmatā jeb „Lang-gewünschte Lettische Postill” (1654). Reduplikāciju, kas izpaužas kā saknes, celma vai visa vārda atkārtošana, latviešu valodā izmanto pastiprinājuma izteikšanai. G. Manceļa sprediķiem raksturīga dažādu stilistisko līdzekļu, tai skaitā reduplikācijas, izmantojums. Substantīvu pastiprināšanai G. Mancelis visbiežāk lieto t. s. pastiprinājuma ģenitīvu, sastopami tādi vārdu savienojumi kā drusku=druskās, malu=mali. Sprediķos bieži lietoti arī adverbiālie vārdu savienojumi kārt=kārtim, pār=pārim. Tomēr visbiežāk tiek pastiprināti verbi – gan ar tās pašas saknes substantīvu vai adverbu, gan ar divdabi vai nenoteiksmi. G. Mancelim ļoti raksturīgi reduplikatīvie savienojumi ar adverbiem -in un -tin, piemēram, audzin aug, lūstin lūst, kas bieži sastopami arī tautasdziesmās. Ļoti bieži G. Manceļa sprediķos lietoti vārdu savienojumi, kur verbu pastiprina substantīvs ar -šana, piemēram, lielu krākšanu krāc, lielu tvīkšanu tvīkst. Reduplikācijas plašais izmantojums sprediķos saistāms gan ar latviešu folkloras, gan ar sarunvalodas ietekmi.
Fundamentālisms kā kristīgās ticības fenomens Latvijā
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Balode Dace , Rozners Ģirts
Published: December 2020

Although in the modern age fundamentalism is sometimes considered a phenomenon that no longer has a place in it, it is not so. Fundamentalism is formed in the dialectic between the need of one part of society for change and the reaction of another part of society to it as undesirable and dangerous. The study examines the history of the formation of Christian fundamentalism, focussing on three characteristic features of the phenomenon in the context of the 21st century. Firstly, it is a fundamental abandonment of the historically critical method of researching the Bible, preferring instead a literal interpretation of the Bible that views the text as verbally inspired, inerrant, and infallible. Literal reading can concur with a belief in the only correct doctrine, a distinctly dualistic vision of the world, and a sense of radically exclusive self-awareness. When it comes to winning fundamental battles over biblical truth, fundamentalist arguments become radical and intolerant. Thus, the next feature is justification of intolerance in the name of defending the literal reading of the Bible. It can be directed against individuals or groups outside the community, but equally against individuals within the community. The third feature is that the battlefield is not always limited to matters affecting the life of the church but extends to society as a whole. Namely, when socio-political tendencies are not in line with the “biblical truth”, fundamentalists become loud and politically active. Authors argue that there are clear signs of fundamentalistic tendencies in Latvian Christian society and clergy. Interviews with clergy show a strong belief in the inerrancy and infallibility of the Bible. The exegesis of fundamentalism is oriented towards the maintenance of a single truth. There should be a single interpretation of the texts, therefore, in order to adhere to and defend its exegetical view, fundamentalism needs various aids, including the authority of the church and the strict boundaries, which must not be violated. The study looks at two examples, where certain Latvian denominations have taken on the role of disciplinarians, pushing out dissidents. The political activities of the Christian denominations in Latvia also reveal fears that the modern age may bring about the loss of Bible’s authority. Consequently, morality is enforced, and Fundamentalism defends its positions trying to impose the relevant paradigms upon the entire society
Studējošo garīgā labizjūta un praktiskas ievirzes teoloģijas studiju programma
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Geikina Laima
Published: December 2020

The publication offers research and the obtained results on an alternative way of organizing the study process – an out-of-practice internship, within the framework of which the spiritual well-being of the students of the Faculty of Theology (TF) is improved. Spirituality is one of the components that ensures the sustainability of interfaith / intercultural dialogue. Further components include an inclusive learning environment that promotes the development of individual spirituality and spiritual well-being; the dialogical practice of participating in interfaith dialogue, which allows the articulation of the “core identities” of different (non)religious traditions and the acceptance of “dignified disagreements” between different worldviews, is spiritually transformative. The focus of dialogue is based on such principles. It is not founded in the formation of common views, but instead – on the mutual enrichment of each other’s experience, which promotes the individual spiritual growth of each participant in the study process. A set of spiritually transforming and otherness-promoting pedagogical methods was tested in August 2019 at the University of Latvia (UL) TF field trip – an applied theology training practice “Sandbija 2019”, Sweden. During the approbation process, a quasi-pedagogical experiment was performed with a mixed research methodology – two measurements of the spiritual well-being of the research participants (before and after the pedagogical intervention) were performed, supplemented with qualitative data (participants’ diary entries) to explain the quantitative data. The results of the study reveal that the internship programme, which was developed according to E. J. Tisdella’s principles, improves participants’ spiritual well-being and is positively assessed by students.
SAR Imaging Features of Shallow Water Bathymetry
Authors: Pivaev P. D. ,   Russian State Hydrometeorological University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation, Kudryavtsev V. N. ,   Russian State Hydrometeorological University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation, Balashova E. A. ,   Russian State Hydrometeorological University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation, Chapron B. ,   Russian State Hydrometeorological University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation,   Institute Francais de Recherche pour I’Exploitation de la Mer, Plouzane, France
Published: December 2020

Purpose. The aim of the article is to study manifestations of the underwater topography features in the northern part of the White Sea in the images made by the spaceborn synthetic aperture radars (SAR) Sentinel-1A, Sentinel-1B. Methods and Results. In the SAR images, the bottom features are revealed as bright and dark brightness anomalies. The anomalies were observed at the wind speed ranging from 2.6 to 10.8 m/s, and became reverse (bright anomalies turned dark and vice versa), when a tidal current changed its direction. It is shown that the observed SAR imagery contrasts correlate to divergence of a current formed by interaction of a tidal flow with the bottom topography inhomogeneities. The simulated SAR contrasts agree with the observations, and confirm the relation between the observed SAR contrasts and the current divergence. Together with modeling the SAR contrasts, the contribution of different mechanisms to formation of the observed modulations of the normalized radar cross section was qualitatively estimated. The wave breaking effect was especially accentuated. The method for retrieving the underwater bottom topography based on the relationship between the bottom gradient and the SAR imagery contrasts is proposed. Conclusions. Location of the bottom inhomogeneities in the shallow water region on the whole coincides with that of the tidal current divergence and convergence zones, which are observed as brightness anomalies in the SAR images. Breaking of surface waves is the main contributor to the observed SAR contrasts. The bottom topography reconstructed from the SAR contrasts, and the actual one resulted from the bathymetry maps are in good agreement. Some discrepancies are interpreted as possible changes in depth and shape of the bottom topography features induced by action of strong currents and waves.
Simulation of Bottom Phytocenosis in the Crimean Coastal Zone
Authors: Vasechkina E. F. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russian Federation, Filippova T. A. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia
Published: December 2020

Purpose. The work is aimed at simulating production processes in the bottom phytocenosis typical of the rocky soils in the Crimean coastal zone. The macroalgae uptake of the main nutrients (phosphates, ammonium and nitrates) and release of oxygen and dissolved compounds are planned to be estimated. Methods and Results. The study was based on the balance model of the macroalgae growth and interaction with the environment. The model empirical parameters were determined from the published data of the laboratory experiments. The bottom phytocenosis in the model was represented by seven algae species: Cystoseira barbata, Ulva lactuca, Ceramium tenuicorne, Cladophora glomerata, Polysiphonia nigrescens, Phyllophora truncata, Enteromorpha prolifera. The main simulation results were: annual estimates of the released and absorbed substances, seasonal dynamics of the macroalgae biomass and evaluation of the bottom phytocenosis response to the changing environmental conditions. The rate of the production processes in the model was influenced both by the external (water temperature, insolation and concentration of nutrients in water) and internal (intracellular quotas of nitrogen and phosphorus, and species-specific parameters determining efficiency of nutrient assimilation by the algae tissues) factors. According to the simulation results, the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus in the algae tissues was significantly higher than that in the seawater and varied from 30 to 60 for different species depending on water temperature, light exposure and concentration of nutrients. Conclusions. During the periods of intensive macroalgae growth (from April to September), the rate of nitrogen and phosphorus uptake can increase by a factor of 1.5 in comparison with the winter period. Maximum contribution to water purification from the surplus nutrients was made by the green algae: Ulva lactuca, Cladophora glomerata and Enteromorpha prolifera. At that Cladophora glomerata has shown the best adaptive abilities (minimal decrease in the growth rate) under a sharp drop of nutrients concentration in water.
Estate Petrovsko-Razumovskoein Russian history and literature of XIX–XX centuries
Authors:   French university College of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Cherkashina Margarita V.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to Petrovsko-Razumovskoye estate history: after had belonged to the most noble and wealthy Russian families: Shuysky, Naryshkin, Razumovsky it was finally sold for arranging Agricultural academy named after Peter the Great (now Timiryazev) in 1860. In 1869 the place became infamous because of a murder, which then turned the subject of F.M. Dostoyevsky novel “The Deamons”. But this case does not exhaust the richness of Petrovsko-Razumovskoye literature life.
Estate in miniature: Maxim Gorky in Freiburg-Günterstal
Authors:   Albert-Ludwigs-University, Cheauré Elisabeth
Published: December 2020

Gorky’s discursive construction as a “proletarian writer” and “father of Socialist Realism” not seldom collides with his real biography, which for many years led him into a specific form of emigration. One of the stations led him to the German university town of Freiburg, more precisely to the small village of Günterstal near Freiburg, where Gorky lived from June to November 1923 and where — according to the thesis of the contribution — he cultivated a way of life that can be compared with the tradition of estate life: (1) strong hierarchical characteristics; (2) a typical form of sociability, determined by long-term stays of guests; (3) special forms of communication, which manifest themselves in a distinct culture of letters; (4) special experiences in the countryside areas, which are understood as — mostly desired and idyllic — counterpart (heterotopia) to urban life and as such are also reflected. At the same time, however, there is a fundamental difference between this estate and the surrounding “rural life” of the peasantry and the villages; the estate in turn forms a heterotopia with these.
Bunin’s Grass: the resurrection of Russian estate life in non-Russian space
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dmitrieva Ekaterina E. ,   Russian State University for the Humanities
Published: December 2020

The paper recreates the history of the reconstruction of the estate life by Ivan Bunin, who settles in exile in the south of France, in the coastal village of Grass, and, successively renting three villas (Mont Fleury, Belvedere and Jeanette), creates on them — under apparently not favorable conditions — a kind of Russian estate life. The main question posed is how such a resurrection of the past is related to Bunin’s peculiarity, which was remembered by many contemporaries who knew him, namely his acute susceptibility to the passing of time, its irreversibility and his attempt to find the possibility of a breakthrough in the causal chain of events.
The image of the summer cottage in the works of I.S. Shmelev and V.A. Nikiforov-Volgin
Authors:   Moscow State Linguistic University, Osminina Elena A.
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the image of the summer cottage (dacha) in the four essays (1925–1935) by V. Nikiforov-Volgin and in the epopee “Sun of the Dead” (1923) by I. Shmelev. The essays describe the summer cottages near the Narva Bay. Their abandonment is a sign, that the old Russian life, everyday life, is leaving modern Estonia. The epopee depicts the summer cottages of the “Professorial corner” near Alushta, devastated by the Red Terror in the Crimea. The image is animated, the fate of the cottage associated with the fate of its owner. The destruction aggregated to the size of the universe, becomes a sign of the victory of Chaos over the Cosmos.
“Democratic estate”as the cultural nest of the Early Modern Period. Case of Poland
Authors:   Jagiellonian University, Shchukin Vasily G.
Published: December 2020

The article describes the phenomenon of the so-called “democratic estate”, which took on the function of a cultural nest. Democracy, in accordance with Russian tradition, dating back to the discourse of the intelligentsia of the XIX century, is identified with the plebeian, motley origin of the inhabitants of the estate. This problem is considered on the basis of the art culture of Krakow at the end of the XIX and beginning of the XX centuries. In the era of modernism, in the wake of the neo-romantic enthusiasm for the problems of the national spirit and the “organic” life of the common people, in western Galicia, which is one of the provinces of Austria-Hungary, such forms of homestead life appeared that could be called exceptional, unique against the background of other manifestations of the democratization of the estate. Cracow artists and then poets and playwrights, discovering the beauty of the village of Małe Bronowice, located near Cracow, and captivated by folk costumes and the beauty of village girls, married them one by one and moved to village huts, but at the same time transformed the latter into real cultural nests. One of these weddings — the poet Lucian Rydel and the daughter of the village headman Jadwiga Mikołajczyk — inspired the outstanding artist and playwright Stanislav Wyspiańsky to create the most famous national drama of the modernist era — the play “The Wedding” (1901). This work, among other things, depicts the tragedy of mutual misunderstanding of the people and the intelligentsia, which impedes the national revival and, ultimately, the restoration of the country’s independence. The author of the article seeks to prove that the “democratic estate” served not only the necessary simplification of the educated stratum of society, but also the introduction of a high, essentially metropolitan culture into the life and consciousness of the lower strata.
“Et in Arcadia ego”:“estate” as moral spacein Russian literature of XIX–XX centuries
Authors:   Tulane University, Brumfield William C.
Published: December 2020

The Latin phrase “Et in Arcadia ego” (from a painting by Nicolas Poussian) has been interpreted as referring both to the presence of man in an idyllic place and to the presence of death in that same space. The article applies this ambiguous treatment to the Russian country estate as a place of moral conflict in the novel “Hard Times” by V.A. Sleptsov and I.S. Turgenev’s “Fathers and Sons”. Their interpretation requires an understanding of both the setting of the estate within the natural environment and its socio-cultural status linked to the theme of social justice in Russian during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The article demonstrates that a crucial function of the Russian country estate as a literary topos is the creation of a moral space (moralis locus) within which profound existential questions are posed and discussed. The stagelike spatiality of the country estate-enclosed yet in proximity to the natural environment- provides an ideal setting not only for gathering the verbal antagonists but also for establishing their identity as a function of their attitude toward the presence of nature. This latter element — the presence of nature — in turn summons the question of the characters’ (and writers’) relationship to Romanticism in nineteenth-century literature. It was Romanticism which elevated the human perception of Nature’s transcendent harmony as a fundamental literary trope. At the same time the immediate presence of nature as a productive, life-nourishing land situated the estate in the midst of the intractable social problems of the peasantry and its economic plight, before and after the emancipation in 1861.
The library as an element of the “estate culture”in the works of Russian writersof the second half of the XIXth — beginning of the XXth centuries:I.S. Turgenev, I.A. Goncharov, I.A. Bunin
Authors:   Cherepovets State University, Volodina Natalya V.
Published: December 2020

Descriptions of an estate library in the writings of the XIXth century Russian authors, performing a narrative and characterological function in the representation of the characters, at the same time acquires symbolic meaning as the personification of cultural ancestral and national memory. The subject of analysis in this article are I. Turgenev’s (“Faust”), I. Goncharov’s (“The Precipice”) and I. Bunin’s writings (“Antonovka Apples”, “The Grammar of Love”). In Turgenev’s story “Faust”, a Goethe’s tragedy, book from the protagonist’s library when being read together by the characters, wakes their feelings and helps them to realize themselves, though leads them eventually to the dramatic final. In Goncharov’s novel “The Precipice” Boris Raisky’s library and the characters’ attitude to it is one of the characters’ axiological characteristics and also an occasion for them to discuss the role of memory preserved in the tradition of world literature, the actuality of meanings that it comprises. In Bunin’s works (“Antonovka Apples”, “The Grammar of Love”) a library as well as an estate itself becomes an expression of nostalgia for the culture that is going to the past.
Demchenko’s nonholonomic case of a gyroscopic ball rolling without sliding over a sphere after his 1923 Belgrade doctoral thesis
Authors: Dragovic Vladimir , Gajic Borislav , Jovanovic Bozidar
Published: December 2020

We present an integrable nonholonomic case of rolling without sliding of a gyroscopic ball over a sphere. This case was introduced and studied in detail by Vasilije Demchenko in his 1923 doctoral dissertation defended at the University of Belgrade, with Anton Bilimovic as the advisor. These results are absolutely unknown to modern researchers. The study is based on the C. Neumann coordinates and the Voronec principle. By using the involved technique of elliptic functions, a detailed study of motion is performed. Several special classes of trajectories are distinguished, including regular and pseudoregular precessions. The so-called remarkable trajectories, introduced by Paul Painlev?e and Anton Bilimovic, are described in the present case. The historical context of the results as well as their place in contemporary mechanics are outlined.
Barnet som instrument: Kritik av titoistisk diskurs i Aleksandar Hemons »Islands» och Alma Lazarevskas »Blagdan krunice»
Authors: Borcak Fedja
Published: December 2020

Abstract: The Child as an Instrument: Criticism of Titoist Discourse in Aleksandar Hemon’s ‘Islands’ and Alma Lazarevska’s ‘Blagdan krunice’Especially since the war in the 1990s, much Bosnian-Herzegovinian fiction has employed the perspective of the child in order to express criticism of dominant ideological narratives. This article views the child figure as a political device that exposes the mechanisms of certain dominant discourses and that offers new, deviating angles on well-established conceptions within these discourses. The analysis of Alexander Hemon’s short story ‘Islands’ (2000) stresses the grotesque imagery associated with the perception of the boy narrator as a way of ‘unlearning’ notions of Yugoslav modernity as idyllic, even paradisiac. And in Alma Lazarevska’s 2003 ‘Blagdan krunice’ (The Feast of the Rosary) the focus is not so much on the perspective of the boy protagonist as on his function as an arena for projecting narratives of the heroic soldier on the threshold between Yugoslav and post-Yugoslav discourse.
Även om det inte hände är det sant – Houston, We Have a Problem
Authors: Pejkovic Sanjin
Published: December 2020

Abstract: “Even if it didn’t happen, it’s true” – Houston, We Have a Problem!Houston, We Have a Problem! (director: Žiga Virc, 2016) is a mockumentary film from Slovenia that stirred up controversy in the former Yugoslavia. The film deals with the Yugoslav space program, which Josip Broz Tito sells to the United States under President Kennedy for $2.5 billion. However, it turns out that the Yugoslavs have nothing to sell: their space program is utterly useless. The payment is then converted into a loan, forcing Yugoslavia into an economic crisis. Tito dies, and with more or less direct involvement from the US side, Yugoslavia dies with him. The content of this film, and the debate surrounding it, show that popular culture dealing with the past has inherited traces of the ideologizations of the past. This article presents interpretations of public reactions to the film, but also analyzes what it seeks to convey regarding Yugoslav historiography, through this fable of Yugoslavia, its purported space program, and US involvement.