bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insights into the sacrificial structure–activity relationship of a Ti-based metal–organic framework in an oxidative desulfurization reaction
Authors: Ye Gan , Yang Zhaohan , Wan Lulu , Shi Guangming , Chang Yuying , Zhang Qiuli
Published: October 2023

A high-efficiency method for upgrading the oxidative desulfurization activity of MIL-125(Ti) in the presence of H+ was developed, which can eliminate 1000 ppm sulfur within 7 min at 30 °C, with no catalytic activity loss after recycling 11 times.
Multi-beam spark plasma sintering and excellent performance of Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3/epoxy thermoelectric films with insulating substrates
Authors: Ke Shaoqiu , Liang Dong , Nie Xiaolei , Ai Xiaoling , Li Longzhou , Liu Chengshan , Xu Wenjie , Cui Wenjun , Ye Xianfeng , Chen Tiantian , Li Xiangyu , Fu Kai , Zhu Wanting , Wei Ping , Zhao Wenyu , Zhang Qingjie
Published: October 2023

Multi-beam spark plasma sintering remarkably enhances the room-temperature thermoelectric and cooling performance of Bi2Te3-based thermoelectric films.
Precise determination of lead isotope ratios by MC-ICP-MS without matrix separation exemplified by unique samples of diverse origin and history
Authors: Karasiński Jakub , Bulska Ewa , Halicz Ludwik , Tupys Andrii , Wagner Barbara
Published: October 2023

Pb isotope ratios in samples of diverse origin can be accurately measured without matrix separation.
Glycation regulates phase separation by attenuating electrostatic interactions and increasing hydrophobic interactions
Authors: Luo Yun-Yi , Hu Jin-Jian , Lim Yeh-Jun , He Pei-Yang , Li Yan-Mei
Published: October 2023

Glycation regulates co-phase separation of K9/R9 peptides and RNA by attenuating electrostatic interactions and increasing hydrophobic interactions.
A fluorescent sensor for rutin hydrate based on a cyanostilbene macrocycle
Authors: Zha Bowen , Zheng Ling , Zheng Sining , Lin Liangbin , Guo Hongyu , Yang Fafu
Published: October 2023

Rutin hydrate has some pharmacological properties and is widely available in human food and household samples.
Velocity-resolved high-J CO emission from massive star-forming clumps
Authors: Hoang Thanh Dat , Karska Agata , Lee Min Young , Wyrowski Friedrich , Tram Le Ngoc , Yang Aiyuan , Menten Karl M.
Published: October 2023

Context. Massive star formation is associated with energetic processes, which result in significant gas cooling via far-infrared (IR) lines. Velocity-resolved observations can constrain the kinematics of the gas, allowing the identification of the physical mechanisms responsible for gas heating.

Aims. Our aim is to quantify far-IR CO line emission towards high-mass star-forming regions, identify the high-velocity gas component associated with outflows, and estimate the physical conditions required for the excitation of the observed lines.

Methods. Velocity-resolved SOFIA/GREAT spectra of 13 high-mass star-forming clumps of various luminosities and evolutionary stages are studied in highly excited rotational lines of CO. For most targets, the spectra are from frequency intervals covering the CO 11−10 and 16−15 lines towards two sources, also the CO 13−12 line was observed with SOFIA/4GREAT. Angular resolutions at the line frequencies range from 14″ to 20″, corresponding to spatial scales of ~0.1–0.8 pc. Radiative transfer models were used to determine the physical conditions giving rise to the emission in the line wings.

Results. All targets in our sample show strong high-J CO emission in the far-IR, characterised by broad line wings associated with outflows, thereby significantly increasing the sample of high-mass objects with velocity-resolved high-J CO spectra. Twelve sources show emission in the line wings of the CO 11−10 line (Eu/kB=365 K), and eight sources in the CO 16−15 line (Eu/kB =752 K). The contribution of the emission in the line wings to the total emission ranges from ~28% to 76%, and does not correlate with the envelope mass or evolutionary stage. Gas excitation temperatures cover a narrow range of 120–220 K for the line wings, and 110–200 K for the velocity-integrated line emission, assuming local thermodynamics equilibrium (LTE). For the two additional sources with the CO 13−12 line (Eu/kB=503 K) data, wing emission rotational temperatures of ~130 K and 165 K were obtained using Boltzmann diagrams. The corresponding non-LTE radiative transfer models indicate gas densities of 105−107 cm−3 and CO column densities of 1017−1018 cm-2 in the line wings, similar to physical conditions in deeply embedded low- and high-mass protostars. The velocity-integrated CO line fluxes correlate with the bolometric luminosity over 7 orders of magnitude, including data on the low-mass protostars from the literature. This suggests that similar processes are responsible for the high-J CO excitation over a significant range of physical scales.

Conclusions. Velocity-resolved line profiles allow the detection of outflows towards massive star-forming clumps spanning a broad range of evolutionary stages. The lack of clear evolutionary trends suggest that mass accretion and ejection prevail during the entire lifetime of star-forming clumps.
Concurrence of a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and Kármán vortex street in the Sun’s corona
Authors: Wei Hengyuan , Huang Zhenghua , Long David M. , Fu Hui , Xia Lidong , Xiong Ming , Li Bo
Published: October 2023

Context. Instabilities are crucial to understanding the mass transportation and energy transformation in the solar atmosphere. Observations of the concurrence among the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI) and Kármán vortex street (KVS) in conditions as extreme as the Sun’s corona have yet to be reported.

Aims. We aim to find evidence of a concurrence between the KHI and KVS in the Sun’s corona.

Methods. We analyzed high-resolution data from Extreme Ultraviolet Imager aboard Solar Orbiter and the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly aboard Solar Dynamics Observatory.

Results. Thanks to the high temporal resolution of EUI data, in an interacting region between a jet and coronal plumes, we observed the development of ruffles and breakdown of blobs. The intrinsic parameters of this dynamic system suggest the possibility of both the KHI and KVS occurring in the corona. The observations also show that the coupling of the two instabilities has facilitated the formation of vortices, which may therefore have enhanced the transformation from kinetic energy to thermal energy, as well as mass mixing among systems across magnetic field lines in the Sun’s corona.

Conclusions. The present study reports the very first EUI observations of a concurrence of the KHI and KVS and their coupling in the coronal conditions.
The Willingness to Pay for Green Packaged Foods to Support Sustainable Agribusiness
Authors: Relawati Rahayu , Yudi Ariadi Bambang , Vincēviča-Gaile Zane , Baroh Istis
Published: October 2023

Food packaging from plastic materials becomes an environmental contamination problem, but the price of environmentally friendly packaging is more expensive. The research aimed to analyze the influence of product attributes, environmental concerns, and consumption situations on the purchase of food with green packaging, as well as the influence of these variables on willingness to pay for green packaged food. The survey was conducted in Malang Raya on a total of 150 household samples. The data was analyzed with the PLS-SEM model. The results showed that product attributes and consumption situations had a positive effect on the selection of the green packaged foods. Environmental concerns negatively affect the purchase of food in green packaging. Furthermore, environmental concern and consumption situation have a positive effect on WTP of food products with green packaging. The green packaged foods also affect WTP, but the influence is weak. The recommendations are the importance of public education on the use of green food packaging and the improvement of WTP as a form of environmental concern. The food agribusiness actors have to increase the use of green food packaging. The education and introduction to consumers is done by giving written label “eco-friendly packaging” or “green packaging”.
Sweet Corn Growth and Productivity on Several Levels Dosage of Liquid NPK Fertilizer
Authors: Budiono Rohmad , Asnita Rika , Noerwijati Kartika , Gamawati Adinurani Praptiningsih , Anwar Shazma
Published: October 2023

The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of liquid NPK fertilizer with a composition of 12:9:7 on sweet corn plant. The research was conducted at the Mojosari Research Station, Mojokerto district, East Java, Indonesia, in September to December 2020, using a randomized complete block design with eight treatments and repeated four times. The treatments consisted of one treatment without fertilization (control), one treatment dose of 300 kg phonska + 300 kg urea per ha (recommendation), six treatments of liquid NPK fertilizer. Application of liquid NPK fertilizer is done by dissolving in water as much as 200 mL per plant. The results showed that the application of liquid NPK fertilizer had an effect on plant height, stem diameter, stover weight, cob length, ear diameter, and cob weight. The application of liquid NPK fertilizer at a dose of 12.5 cc L-1 gave the same or comparable response to the standard fertilization treatment with an agronomic effectiveness level > 95 %.
Deposit Characteristics of Diesel Engine Power Plant Fueled by Crude Palm Oil
Authors: Sitanggang Ruly , Triani Meiri , Rasgianti Rasgianti , Supriyanto Eko , Bakti Dheka , Cahyo Nur , Mel Maizirwan
Published: October 2023

This study emphasizes the impact of using Crude Palm Oil (CPO) as fuel (Bio-oil) on the deposit characteristics formed in the diesel engine power plant. Before entering the engine, CPO was treated by heating, separation, and filtering to decrease its viscosity. Deposit composition and morphology were investigated using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with a spectrometer. The result showed that unburned fuel on the surface of the cylinder head and liner wall was found after the performance test. Furthermore, inspection after durability test shows that there are carbon deposits on the combustion chamber, hard deposits on the cylinder head edge, and scratches on the surfaces of the liner. Hard black deposits were also found in the fuel nozzle tip. These deposits can disrupt the fuel atomizing process and create an unbalance pressure between the chambers. The deposits formed were continuous and contained Calcium (Ca), Aluminium (Al), and Iron (Fe). The SEM and spectroscopy analysis showed that the deposit formed by using CPO as fuel for diesel engines contain complex substances and erode materials from the cylinder liner.
Bioinsecticide Activity of Neem Oil and Tobacco Extract Mixture Against Citrus Aphids and Green Scale on Citrus
Authors: Wuryantini Susi , Endarto Otto , Cahyo Wicaksono Rudi , Istianto Mizu , Hussain Zahid , Triasih Unun
Published: October 2023

The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of a mixture of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) as bioinsecticides on the mortality of aphids (Toxoptera citricidus [Kirkaldy, 1907]) and the green scale (Coccus viridis [Green, 1889]). Data were analyze by variance and by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5 % level of significance. The results showed that the bioinsecticide caused mortality of T. citricidus more than 50 % starting from 24 h after application (HAP) and at the 168 HAP the mortality 96 % to 100 %, not significantly different from the imidacloprid synthetic insecticide and significantly different from the control. The application of the bioinsecticide was less effective against C. viridis. The mortality of C. viridis is significantly different from the insecticide imidacloprid. The application of a bioinsecticide mixture of neem and tobacco extracts was effective against the brown citrus aphid T. citricidus, but less effective against the green scale C. viridis.
The application of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and Organic Matters from Black Soldier Fly Larva Culture, Calliandra, Cocopeat in the Pre-nursery Oil Palm Seedling
Authors: Theresia Maria Astuti Yohana , Christian Simanjuntak Michael , Pratama Putra Dian , Iqrar Irum , Ekawati Ida
Published: October 2023

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are some of the bacteria that live in the rhizosphere. This research was aimed to evaluated the effect of the application of PGPR and various organic matter from black soldier fly larvae (BSF) tehnology, calliandra humus and cocopeat on the growth of pre-nursery oil palm. The research was conducted in Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta in April to July 2020. The research used factorial experimental method arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) which consisted of two factors. The first factor is the concentration of PGPR which consists of four levels namely control (without PGPR), PGPR 10 mL polybag-1, 20 mL polybag-1, and 30 mL polybag-1. The second factor is various of organic matter consisting of four levels namely: control (without organic matter), organic matter from BSF larvae technology, calliandra humus and cocopeat. The research data were analyzed using analysis of varians (ANOVA) and follow up test with DMRT. The results showed that the various of organic matter affect the pre-nursery oil palm growth, the best is Calliandra humus. The PGPR application was able to increase the growth of pre nursery oil palm seedlings, the best dose is 10 mL polybag-1.
Barriers to Adoption of Tailored Drug–Drug Interaction Clinical Decision Support
Authors: Zhang Tianyi , Gephart Sheila M. , Subbian Vignesh , Boyce Richard D. , Villa-Zapata Lorenzo , Tan Malinda S. , Horn John , Gomez-Lumbreras Ainhoa , Romero Andrew V. , Malone Daniel C.
Published: October 2023

Objective Despite the benefits of the tailored drug–drug interaction (DDI) alerts and the broad dissemination strategy, the uptake of our tailored DDI alert algorithms that are enhanced with patient-specific and context-specific factors has been limited. The goal of the study was to examine barriers and health care system dynamics related to implementing tailored DDI alerts and identify the factors that would drive optimization and improvement of DDI alerts.

Methods We employed a qualitative research approach, conducting interviews with a participant interview guide framed based on Proctor's taxonomy of implementation outcomes and informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework. Participants included pharmacists with informatics roles within hospitals, chief medical informatics officers, and associate medical informatics directors/officers. Our data analysis was informed by the technique used in grounded theory analysis, and the reporting of open coding results was based on a modified version of the Safety-Related Electronic Health Record Research Reporting Framework.

Results Our analysis generated 15 barriers, and we mapped the interconnections of these barriers, which clustered around three entities (i.e., users, organizations, and technical stakeholders). Our findings revealed that misaligned interests regarding DDI alert performance and misaligned expectations regarding DDI alert optimizations among these entities within health care organizations could result in system inertia in implementing tailored DDI alerts.

Conclusion Health care organizations primarily determine the implementation and optimization of DDI alerts, and it is essential to identify and demonstrate value metrics that health care organizations prioritize to enable tailored DDI alert implementation. This could be achieved via a multifaceted approach, such as partnering with health care organizations that have the capacity to adopt tailored DDI alerts and identifying specialists who know users' needs, liaise with organizations and vendors, and facilitate technical stakeholders' work. In the future, researchers can adopt the systematic approach to study tailored DDI implementation problems from other system perspectives (e.g., the vendors' system).
A Comparative Study and Assessment of Burn Wound Sepsis Using Surface Swab, Fine Needle Aspiration and Wound Biopsy Cultures
Authors: Dhanraj Prema , Korula Philip , Lalitha M K , Stanley Sulochana
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a simple standardized fine needle aspiration method for bacteriologic assessment of burn wound and to determine whether this method is as reliable and useful as the classic invasive biopsy culture method1. Considering the high correlation with the organism in all three methods, viz. swab, aspiration and wound biopsy culture techniques, we feel fine needle aspiration culture has a place in bacteriological assessment of burn wound as it is simple, easy and less painful compared to the more conventional wound biopsy culture technique.
Use of Limberg Flap for Closure of Sacral Pressure Sores
Authors: Singh Avtar , Mander K S , Singh G P , Gulati S K , Malhotra Gopal , Garg K C , Walia J P S
Published: October 2023

Limberg flap has been used for the closure of moderate size sacral pressure sores in 5 cases. It provides a good padded skin cover with the suture line away from the midline which is the area of ulceration. No breakdown or ulceration in the flap or donor defect suture line were seen during 1-4 years of follow up. Operative technique is briefly described and important points on flap planning are discussed.
Subclavian Perivascular Approach for Brachial Plexus Blockade in Upper Extremity Surgery
Authors: Bhat Ravindra , Sabapathy S Raja , Shetty Dines Kumar
Published: October 2023

Subclavian perivascular approach has been attempted for brachial plexus block for upper extremity surgery in 160 consecutive cases. In eight patients the approach could not be used since paraesthesia could not be elicited. Twelve patients needed peripheral nerve block supplementation. Four patients needed general anaesthesia with an overall success rate of 85 per cent. There were no complications attributable to the technique. This is our anaesthetic technique of choice for upper extremity surgeries.
Role of Immunological Monitoring in Burns Patients
Authors: Prasanna Mita , Singh Kuldeep , Nagesh S A
Published: October 2023

The immunological parameters of 30 patients admitted within 6 hours of burns injury were compared with those of controls. Serum levels of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM), complements (C3 & C4) and proteins (total & albumin) were estimated on admission and two weeks later in surviving patients. The aim of this prospective study was to find out the clinical importance of immunological monitoring in burns patients. It was observed that the initial fall and rebound increase in C3 and C4 levels were found to be highly significant.

We conclude that IgA, IgG, C3 and C4 monitoring can help in predicting prognosis of burns patients. Base on the immunological parameters initially in nonsurvivors and two weeks later in surviving patients we can say hypothetically that prophylactic or therapeutic administration of immunoglobulins for their general or specific role could bring hopes for burns patients in future.
Integrating host-country political heterogeneity into MNE–state bargaining: insights from international political economy
Authors: Bhaumik Sumon Kumar , Estrin Saul , Narula Rajneesh
Published: October 2023

The international business (IB) literature has emphasised the heterogeneity of firm strategies in shaping MNE–state bargaining, but largely ignored the heterogeneity of states. In contrast, the international political economy (IPE) literature provides a more nuanced consideration of state strategies and their economic and political priorities. We seek to address this oversight by making two related contributions. In the context of MNE–state bargaining, we first discuss how differences in political systems and the political and economic objectives of states may affect their negotiating stance with MNEs. We consider the impact of changes in the balance of state objectives by considering how much importance governments assign to improving the welfare of its broader population, relative to how important they are concerned with the “private benefits” that accrue to the political elites. This enables us to add micro-foundations to the characterisation of the state. Second, we apply a Nash bargaining framework to MNE–state negotiations that vividly captures the relative bargaining powers of the MNE and the state, including how “outside options” available to these two actors can influence the shape of actual bargains. We discuss the implications of these two contributions for future research.
Internet use and technical efficiency of grain production in China: a bias-corrected stochastic frontier model
Authors: Fu Yangqi , Zhu Yuchun
Published: October 2023

Internet technology has unique advantages, such as rich information, rapid dissemination, and overcoming spatial limitations. It is considered an effective approach to promote agricultural technology application and enhance agricultural technical efficiency. However, it is still unclear how Internet use affects the technical efficiency of smallholders in grain production. Based on the grain production data of 1699 smallholders in China, this study uses the bias-corrected stochastic production frontier and propensity score matching to obtain an unbiased estimate of the impact of Internet use on technical efficiency and examines its channels of action. The empirical results indicate that the decision of households to use the Internet is influenced by the individual characteristics of the household head, household characteristics, and village characteristics. The age of the household head has a significant negative impact on Internet use, while the education level and health status of the household head, household income and size, and the topography of the village have significant positive effects on Internet use. We also find that Internet use has a statistically significant positive effect on technical efficiency, and the selection bias leads us to underestimate this effect. Furthermore, we verified the channels of Internet use affect technical efficiency by alleviating financial constraints, broadening social capital, and improving the level of mechanization. Therefore, policymakers must strengthen the construction of Internet infrastructure in rural areas and improve the Internet penetration rate in rural areas. Furthermore, policymakers can establish technical training centers to help farmers learn Internet technology and new agricultural production techniques. Lastly, policymakers can collaborate with banks, research institutions, cooperatives, agricultural enterprises, and other entities to develop diverse policy measures that provide farmers with financial support, technology assistance, and production services.
Calibrated microwave reflectance in low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy
Authors: Wit Bareld , Gramse Georg , Müllegger Stefan
Published: October 2023

We outline calibrated measurements of the microwave reflection coefficient from the tunnel junction of an ultra-high vacuum low temperature scanning tunneling microscope. The microwave circuit design is described in detail, including an interferometer for an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio and a demodulation scheme for lock-in detection. A quantitative, in situ procedure for impedance calibration based on the numerical three-error-term model is presented. Our procedure exploits the response of the microwave reflection signal due to the change of the tunneling conductance caused by sub-nm variation of the tunneling distance. Experimental calibration is achieved by a least-squares numerical fit of simultaneously measured conductance and microwave reflection retraction curves at finite conductance. Our method paves the way for nanoscale microscopy and spectroscopy of dielectric surface properties at GHz frequencies and cryogenic temperatures. This opens a promising pathway even for dielectric fingerprinting at the single molecule limit.
Troubleshooting spectral artifacts from biplate retarders for reliable Stokes spectropolarimetry
Authors: Lima Ruan L. S. , Araújo Paulo T. , Barbosa Neto Newton M.
Published: October 2023

Polarimetry is generally used to determine the polarization state of light beams in various research fields, such as biomedicine, astronomy, and materials science. In particular, the rotating quarter-wave plate polarimeter is an inexpensive and versatile option used in several single-wavelength applications to determine the four Stokes parameters. Extending this technique to broadband spectroscopic measurements is of great scientific interest since the information on light polarization is highly sensitive to anisotropic phenomena. However, the need for achromatic polarizing elements, especially quarter-wave plates, requires special attention in their modeling. In this study, we implemented a rotating retarder spectropolarimeter for broadband measurements using a commercially available quasi-achromatic biplate retarder over the visible range. Here, we present a comprehensive approach for troubleshooting this type of spectropolarimeter through the observation of artifacts stemming from the standard single-plate retarder model. Then, we derive a more suitable model for a quasi-achromatic retarder consisting of a biplate junction. This new biplate model requires knowledge of the intrinsic dispersive properties of the biplate, namely the equivalent retardance, fast axis tilt, and rotatory angle. Hence, in this study, we also show a self-consistent methodology to determine these biplate properties using the same polarimeter apparatus so that accurate Stokes parameters can be determined independently. Finally, the comparison of data generated with the standard single-plate and new biplate models shows a significant improvement in the measurement precision of the investigated polarization states, which confirms that remodeling the retarder for reliable spectropolarimetry is necessary.
Light-trapping structures fabricated in situ for ultrathin III-V solar cells
Authors: Perna Allison N. , Schulte Kevin L. , Simon John , Braun Anna K. , Diercks David R. , Packard Corinne E. , Ptak Aaron J.
Published: October 2023

Here, we describe a fully in situ method of fabricating light-scattering structures on III-V materials that generates a rough morphology via vapor phase etching and redeposition. Fully in situ methods support higher industrial throughput by utilizing the growth reactor to generate the light-trapping structures after device growth without removal from the reactor. We use HCl and PH3 to etch and redeposit scattering morphologies on Ga0.5In0.5P in a dynamic hydride vapor phase epitaxy (D-HVPE) reactor. We show that the addition of PH3 leads to redeposition during the vapor phase HCl etching of Ga0.5In0.5P and that HCl flow rate and time exposed to HCl-PH3 each independently cause a linear increase in the redeposited feature size, indicating that redeposition proceeds by island growth in a III-Cl-limited, hydride-enhanced HVPE regime. Auger electron spectroscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (STEM-EDS) reveal redeposition to be highly Ga-rich GaInP, i.e., Ga(In)P. The Ga-rich nature of the redeposition results from the higher thermodynamic driving force for Ga incorporation than for In during HVPE growth and the difference in the volatility of the III-Cl etch products. The resulting morphologies have high broadband scattering, as determined by normal specular reflectance and integrating sphere measurements, indicating effectiveness as light-scattering structures. In a 270-nm-thick GaAs photovoltaic device with a textured back surface, we achieve a 4.9% increase in short circuit current density (JSC) without any loss in open-circuit voltage (VOC) relative to a planar control using only a 60 s in situ texturing treatment.
Bäcklund transformation for analyzing a cylindrical Korteweg–de Vries equation and investigating multiple soliton solutions in a plasma
Authors: Tariq M. Shan , Masood W. , Siddiq M. , Asghar S. , Alotaibi B. M. , Ismaeel Sherif M. E. , El-Tantawy S. A.
Published: October 2023

The presence of the geometrical curvature makes the planar Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation inadequate to describe the propagation of nonlinear waves. In many scientific disciplines including plasma physics, nonlinear optics, oceanography, and communications, the cylindrical KdV (CKdV) equation becomes the appropriate choice for modeling these waves. Motivated by these applications, the Bäcklund transformation is used to analyze and find an analytical solution to the CKdV equation in the present investigation. For the first time, the multi-soliton solutions, including single-, two-, and three-soliton solutions, are investigated, and a general scheme is given to find N-soliton solutions of the CKdV equation in the context of plasma physics. Numerous researchers may find the given solutions helpful in understanding the mechanism of the generation of multi-solitons in their laboratory experiments and may also engender interest in the space physics community to look for these structures in the data coming from a variety of satellites roaming in space.
The single power law relationship between coercivity and width in pointed composite element magnetic barcodes
Authors: Newton P. J. , Masur S. M. , Devlin N. B. , Ghidini M. , Backes D. , Maccherozzi F. , Pacheco-Pumaleque A. A. , Barnes C. H. W.
Published: October 2023

Pointed magnetic elements are introduced as an improvement upon rectangular strips currently employed in composite element magnetic barcodes. The coercivity of these elements, as measured using the magneto-optic Kerr effect, is found to strictly adhere to a single power law relationship with the element width, where the power law exponent is dependent on the length of the pointed region and takes values between −0.98 and −0.91. The steeper gradients here, along with the absence of the crossover region seen in rectangular devices, present these structures as a strict improvement in terms of potential device applications. These improvements are found to be present for all structures where the pointed region is as long as, or longer than, the magnetic element is wide. The remanent magnetization configuration, imaged using photo-emission microscopy with contrast from x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD-PEEM), is compared to the results of micromagnetic simulations. It is found to cant inward in the pointed section of the strip, aligning with the edges of the point, pinning the magnetization and giving a consistent magnetization reversal behavior for all element widths investigated.
A 1.25-GHz multi-amplitude modulator driver in 0.18 μm SiGe BiCOMOS technology for high speed quantum key distribution
Authors: Chen Zhao-Yuan , Zhu Chen-Xi , Huang Zhi-Sheng , Li Yang , Wang Xin-Zhe , Liang Fu-Tian , Jin Ge , Cai Wen-Qi , Liao Sheng-Kai , Peng Cheng-Zhi
Published: October 2023

Quantum key distribution (QKD) research has yielded highly fruitful results and is currently undergoing an industrialization transformation. In QKD systems, electro-optic modulators are typically employed to prepare the required quantum states. While various QKD systems operating at GHz repetition frequency have demonstrated exceptional performance, they predominantly rely on instruments or printed circuit boards to fulfill the driving circuit function of the electro-optic modulator. Consequently, these systems tend to be complex with low integration levels. To address this challenge, we have introduced a modulator driver integrated circuit in 0.18 µm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The circuit can generate multiple-level driving signals with a clock frequency of 1.25 GHz and a rising edge of ∼50 ps. Each voltage amplitude can be independently adjusted, ensuring the precise preparation of quantum states. The measured signal-to-noise ratio was more than 17 dB, resulting in a low quantum bit error rate of 0.24% in our polarization-encoding system. This work will contribute to the advancement of QKD system integration and promote the industrialization process in this field.
Rheological behavior and microstructure of AgBr nanoparticle/cetyltrimethylammonium bromide/potassium hydrogen phthalate wormlike micelles
Authors: Han Huiying , Husein Maen M. , Natale Giovanniantonio
Published: October 2023

The rheological behavior and interaction between in-house prepared AgBr nanoparticles (NPs) and wormlike micelles (WLMs) were explored in this work. The AgBr NPs were synthesized by reacting aqueous AgNO3 with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in a micellar system containing CTAB and potassium hydrogen phthalate (PPA) hydrotrope. The size, composition, and morphology of the NPs were characterized using dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermal gravimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. The TEM photographs revealed a double-layer of CTAB surrounding the NPs and captured the junctions between the NPs and the WLMs. The addition of CTAB-coated AgBr NPs to CTAB/PPA WLMs reduced the flow activation energy by 20% suggesting increased thermal resistance. The added NPs increased the shear viscosity of the WLMs at both 35 and 38 °C, specifically raising the zero-shear viscosity of the WLMs by 85% at these temperatures. The AgBr NP/CTAB/PPA WLMs exhibited a discernible improvement in the relaxation time at 35 °C. The enhanced thermal stability was repeatable after multiple thermal cycles, confirming the reversibility of the microstructures. The junction between the NPs and the WLMs reinforced the micellar structure and contributed to the increased shear viscosity and viscoelasticity of the WLMs.
Alloying reaction mechanism of shocked Ni/Al nanolaminates regulated via atomic diffusion
Authors: Li Yi , Zhang Lei , Xiong Wei , Tan Mengting , Liu Chuang , Zhang Xianfeng
Published: October 2023

The Ni/Al nanolaminates represent cutting-edge functional materials that exhibit alloying reactions and release substantial energy when subjected to shock loading. However, the extremely short timeframes of the shock loading and the induced reactions surpass the resolving capability of state-of-the-art monitoring techniques, rendering the alloying reaction mechanism of Ni/Al nanolaminates a challenging multi-physical problem. To address this issue, we conducted extensive molecular dynamics simulations on large-scale models of Ni/Al nanolaminates at varying shock velocities to investigate their in situ thermodynamics response and shock-induced kinetic evolution related to phase transitions and chemical reactions. Our simulations revealed that atomic diffusion plays a pivotal role in accelerating the activation and intensifying the alloying reaction. For a self-sustaining reaction to occur, the shock-induced pressure must surpass a threshold, triggering global atomic diffusion that overcomes lattice trapping barriers or fluid viscosity, facilitating the formation of a sufficient number of Ni–Al intermetallic bonds to store energy. Subsequently, interfacial and bulk atomic diffusion becomes unstoppable, leading to a uniform distribution of mixed atoms and a steady energy release accompanied by continuous temperature rise, thereby triggering self-sustaining alloying reactions akin to an avalanche. Our findings not only offer a valuable baseline for understanding reactions in real defective composites but also establish a lower bound on the required shock intensity for future experiments using new high-quality samples.
Head-on collision of ion-acoustic (modified) Korteweg–de Vries solitons in Saturn's magnetosphere plasmas with two temperature superthermal electrons
Authors: Hashmi T. , Jahangir R. , Masood W. , Alotaibi B. M. , Ismaeel Sherif M. E. , El-Tantawy S. A.
Published: October 2023

In view of the recent observations by plasma science-spacecraft-voyager and Cassini plasma spectrometer of Saturn's magnetosphere, the interaction between two counter-propagating ion-acoustic (IA) solitons is studied in an unmagnetized plasma consisting of warm adiabatic ions in addition to hot and cold electrons following kappa distribution. The head-on collision of the IA solitons is investigated using the extended Poincare–Lighthill–Kuo technique. Since this model supports both compressive and rarefactive solitons, therefore, the soliton collisions for both Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) and the modified KdV (mKdV) equations are investigated. The corresponding phase shifts after the collision for both these equations are also derived and examined. Furthermore, the effects of different plasma parameters (corresponding to Saturn's magnetosphere), including superthermality, density, and temperature on the colliding soliton profiles and their phase shifts, are examined. It is concluded that the phase shift is smaller when both hot and cold electrons are Maxwellian by comparison with the superthermal case.
Rodents may be important pollinators of banksias in subtropical Australia
Authors: Webster Sean A. , Goldingay Ross L.
Published: October 2023

Knowledge of the role of non-flying mammals in the pollination of the Australian flora is still incomplete. We captured non-flying mammals visiting Banksia ericifolia in north-east New South Wales and sampled pollen from their heads. The grassland melomys (Melomys burtoni) was captured >4 times more often than the house mouse (Mus musculus) or the swamp rat (Rattus lutreolus). Nocturnal pollen loads (mean 295 ± 53 grains) measured on the melomys are among the highest for an Australian non-flying mammal. Pollen removal from flowers at night was widespread. These observations suggest the grassland melomys is likely to play an important role in the pollination of subtropical B. ericifolia.
Are metaphorical classes essentially abstract?
Authors: Khatin-Zadeh Omid , Eskandari Zahra , Reali Florencia , Banaruee Hassan , Marmolejo-Ramos Fernando
Published: October 2023

This article compares abstract concepts and metaphorical classes in order to emphasize the abstract nature of
metaphorical classes. Sam Glucksberg (2003) used the expression “abstract superordinate
categories” to refer to metaphorical classes. Drawing on this proposal and George Lakoff &
Mark Johnson’s (1980) conceptual metaphor theory, this article suggests that metaphorical classes and abstract concepts
share three essential features: (1) members of abstract concepts and metaphorical classes are highly diverse and heterogeneous;
(2) both metaphorical classes and abstract concepts are highly reliant on situations and culture; (3) both metaphorical classes
and abstract concepts are reliant on semantic associations and external concepts rather than intrinsic properties. Therefore, it
may be claimed that metaphorical classes are a special group of abstract concepts with a special type of behavior.
Investigating pan-Romance prepositional adverbials
Authors: Wissner Inka
Published: October 2023

Complex adverbials built with the pattern ‘Preposition + Adjective (PA)’ such as Portuguese em
especial ‘especially’ or Romanian de sigur ‘for sure’ display a remarkable frequency and pan-Romance
consistency. Nevertheless, this pattern has been largely neglected by research. The ‘Third Way’ project intends to fill this gap,
arguing that PAs are a relevant third way of constructing adverbials, aside with short adverbs and adverbs in
-mente. It subjects prepositional adverbials to a historico-varietal analysis in a comparative pan-Romance
approach to trace their trajectory from Latin up to now. This article presents an enquiry design for field research that allows
examining the adverbials’ current usage and ongoing change in substandard varieties of all major Romance languages. The results
are meant to help reconstruct the diachrony of PAs in Romance, especially in view of the spoken vernacular tradition.
Ultra-wideband and wide-angle RCS reduction of a concave structure based on a chessboard polarization conversion metasurfaces
Authors: He Qingting , Chen Haiyan , Liu Qian , Yao Xin , Li Fengxia , Liang Difei , Xie Jianliang , Deng Longjiang
Published: October 2023

In this paper, ultra-wideband and wide-angle radar cross section (RCS) reduction of a concave structure is designed and realized based on a chessboard polarization conversion metasurface (CPCM), employing an ultra-wideband polarization conversion metasurface (PCM) composed of a single layer of square split-ring resonators. The concave structure, which is equivalent to an octagonal-like prism, is divided into eight regions. To achieve perfect phase cancellation in the non-central region, it can be equivalent to oblique incidence when the central region is under normal incidence, and phase compensation of the unit cell of metasurfaces in the non-central region is considered. The simulated results demonstrate that the RCS reduction of the proposed concave structure is less than −10 dB in the frequency ranges of 8.8 GHz to 35.75 GHz with fractional bandwidths of 120.99% and exceeds −30 dB at numerous resonant frequencies such as 9.52 GHz, 13.89 GHz, 23.45 GHz, and 35.2 GHz under normal incidence. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulations. Furthermore, the RCS reduction characteristics of the proposed concave structure at different azimuth angles are also evaluated. Numerical calculations and experiments show that the wide-angle RCS reduction from 0° to 34° is achieved. To the best of the information we have, this is the first time that the chessboard metasurfaces, which consist of several polarizing reflectors, have been employed to obtain broadband and wide-angle RCS reduction for the concave structure. This technique validates the novelty and effectiveness of wide-angle and ultra-wideband RCS reduction of the concave structure.
Novel imbalanced subdomain adaption multiscale convolutional network for cross-domain unsupervised fault diagnosis of rolling bearings
Authors: Huo Tianlong , Deng Linfeng , Zhang Bo , Gong Jun , Hu Baoquan , Zhao Rongzhen , Liu Zheng
Published: October 2023

Data on the vibration signals collected from rolling bearings mostly belongs to health conditions, leading to an imbalanced data distribution. In addition, frequent switching of operating conditions results in unlabeled data collected under a specific working condition. This paper proposes a novel network for cross-domain unsupervised fault diagnosis of rolling bearings considering the imbalanced data to address these challenges. First, a multiscale parallel features extraction is developed, which can fully mine the rich high-level feature representation of various fault types from the original data and has a high value for fault identification. Second, a squeeze-and-excitation attention mechanism is constructed to enhance features conducive to model classification and suppress redundant features. Finally, a new loss function is proposed to optimize the model, which can accurately classify imbalanced source domain and easily align related subdomains of two domains. The proposed method was validated on multiple unsupervised cross-domain diagnostic tasks on two bearing datasets. Experimental results manifest that the proposed method has stable generalization performance and excellent robustness.
Remaining useful life prediction of lithium battery based on ACNN-Mogrifier LSTM-MMD
Authors: Li Zihan , Li Ai , Bai Fang , Zuo Hongfu , Zhang Ying
Published: October 2023

Predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) of lithium batteries is crucial for predicting battery failure and health management. Accurately estimating the RUL allows for timely maintenance and replacement of batteries that pose safety risks. To enhance the safety and reliability of lithium battery operations, this paper proposes a lithium battery life prediction model, attention mechanism-convolutional neural network (ACNN)-Mogrifier long and short-term memory network (LSTM)-maximum mean discrepancy (MMD), based on ACNN, Mogrifier LSTM, and MMD Feature Transfer Learning. Firstly, the capacity degradation data from historical life experiments of lithium batteries in both source and target domains are extracted. The whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is employed to optimize the parameters of variational modal decomposition, enabling the decomposition of the historical capacity degradation data into multiple intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) components. Secondly, highly correlated IMF components are identified using the Pearson correlation coefficient (Pearson) to reconstruct the capacity sequence, which characterizes the capacity degradation information of the lithium batteries. These reconstructed sequences are inputs to the ACNN model to extract features from the capacity degradation data. The extracted features are then utilized to compute MMD values, quantifying the distribution differences between the two domains. The Mogrifier LSTM neural network estimates the capacity values of the source and target domains and calculates the loss functions by comparing them to the actual capacity values. These loss functions, along with the computed MMD values, are combined to obtain the combined loss function of the model. Finally, the ACNN-Mogrifier LSTM-MMD is applied to the target domain data to formulate the lithium battery RUL prediction model. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated using CACLE and NASA lithium battery datasets, The experimental results demonstrate that the predicted error of the RUL for the B5 battery is less than 6% for mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and less than 1 for

RU

L

Error

. Similarly, the RUL prediction error for the B6 battery is below 10% for MAPE and less than 1 for

RU

L

Error

. This indicates higher accuracy compared to other prediction methods, along with improved robustness and practicality.
High energy density flexible Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors with conductive cotton fabric constructed by rGO/CNT/PPy nanocomposite
Authors: Li Changwang , Hao Huilian , Liang Jiayu , Zhao Bowang , Guo Zefei , Liu Gengzheng , Li Wenyao
Published: October 2023

Fiber-shaped energy-storage devices for high energy and power density are crucial to power wearable electronics. In this work, reduced graphene oxide/carbon nanotubes/polypyrrole (GCP-op) cotton fabric with the optimal performance is prepared via a facile and cost-effective dipping-drying together with chemical polymerization approach. The structural characterizations confirm that the GCP-op cotton fabric has been successfully attached with numerous nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes, which can serve as a channel for electronical transfer. And GCP-op cotton fabric electrode displays admirable areal specific capacitance with 8397 mF cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2. By combining GCP-op cathode with zinc anode, a GCP-op//PAM/ZnCl2//Zn flexible Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitor (FZHSC) is produced with 2 M polyacrylamide/ZnCl2 (PAM/ZnCl2) hydrogel as the gel electrolyte. The FZHSC has superior cycle stability of 88.2%, outstanding energy density of up to 158 μWh cm−2 and power density at 0.5 mW cm−2. The remarkable performance proves that PPy-based material can provide more options for design and fabricate high energy flexible Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors.
Rapid preparation of high efficiency hydrogen evolution catalyst with hydrophilicity
Authors: Wei Kuo , Pang Shanshan , Meng Ying , Feng Lingling , Wang Yuanzhe , Zhou Junshuang , Hu Hao , Song Yanli , Gao Faming
Published: October 2023

The electrolytic water method is an outstanding hydrogen production process because of its high stability and no restriction. A low-priced and efficient catalyst for electro-deposition of Ni–Co microspheres and nanoclusters on carbon steel (Ni–Co/CS) has been prepared by the dynamic hydrogen bubble template. In the 6 M KOH solution, Ni–Co/CS only requires an overpotential of 48 mV to provide a current density of 50 mA cm−2. At the same time, it also has a large electrochemically active specific surface area (ECSA) and a hydrophilic surface. In addition, the study about the influence of carbon steel (CS) on Ni–Co coatings and the comparison experiment for different base materials has been completed. The results prove that CS is an excellent base material for hydrogen production. It can help the Ni–Co catalyst to have a stable electrolysis in 6 M KOH for 500 h. The above properties of Ni–Co/CS catalyst make it a new choice of hydrogen production by electrolysis of water in practical applications.