bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The thermal behaviour of a special heat exchanger filled with the phase change material dedicated for low – temperature storage applications
Authors: Ochman Agnieszka , Pietrowicz Sławomir
Published: February 2019

The work deals with an experimental and theoretical analysis of a special heat exchanger filled with the PCM (Phase Change Material) mixture of paraffin wax capsuled in the melamine-formaldehyde membrane and water, dedicated to low-temperature storage applications. In the first part of the article, the PCM topic was introduced. The next part consists information about the designed and manufactured special heat exchanger with the PCM. During the experiment as a PCM is utilized mixture of paraffin wax in microcapsules within the water. The experimental results of temperature distributions and stored energy in the heat exchanger were compared with the theoretical model proposed in the literature. In the discussion section, the authors describe a new idea of the PCM storage tank application, which could be applied e.g. in nuclear facilities.
Reaction Cross Section of Heavy Projectiles Using Coulomb Modified Glauber Model
Authors: Marimuthu N. , Singh V. , Inbanathan S. S. R.
Published: February 2019

We investigated reaction cross section and inelastic collisions of the wide number of projectile and target nuclei using the Coulomb Modified Glauber Model (CMGM). The total reaction cross sections were calculated with and without accounting for in-medium effect for various heavy projectiles such as 56Fe26, 84Kr36, 132Xe54, 197Au79 and 238U92 that interact with Nuclear Emulsion Detector’s (NED) nuclei at incident energies at around 1 GeV/n. The calculated average values of reaction cross section are compared with the corresponding experimental data.
Emittance scans for CMS luminosity calibration
Authors: Karacheban Olena , Tsrunchev Peter ,   on behalf of CMS
Published: February 2019

Emittance scans are short van der Meer type scans performed at the beginning and at the end of LHC fills. The beams are scanned across each other in x and y planes. CMS has analyzed these scans to understand long-term trends in CMS luminosity detectors. The CMS Beam Radiation, Instrumentation and Luminosity (BRIL) project provides to LHC three independent online luminosity measurements from the Pixel Luminosity Telescope (PLT), the Fast Beam Condition Monitor (BCM1F) and the Forward Hadronic calorimeter (HF). The excellent performance of the BRIL detector front-ends, fast back-end electronics and CMS XDAQ based data processing and publication allow the use of emittance scans for linearity and stability studies of the luminometers. Emittance scans became a powerful tool and dramatically improved the understanding of the luminosity measurement during the year.
FUMILI-based minimization with constraints using method of elimination of differentials
Authors: Kurbatov Vladimir , Tokareva Victoria , Tsirkov Dmitry
Published: February 2019

Kinematic filtting is one of the popular particle physics problems where constraint minimization is used. The constraints setting additional relations between parameters p can be given in form of equations φ(p1,..., pn) = 0. Often these equations are non-linear and complicated, and thus it is impossible or impractical to eliminate redundant parameters directly. The article covers employing of the minimization approach called a method of elimination of differentials, that is being developed at JINR as an extension to the FUMILI minimizer, and is intended for kinematic filtting in particle physics experiments.
Calculation of gain coefficient in Dwyer relativistic discharge feedback model of thunderstorm runway breakdown
Authors: Zelenyi Mikhail , Stadnichuk Egor , Nozik Alexander
Published: February 2019

Some of modern models used to describe TGF phenomenon and lightning ignition assume the existence of positive positron or gamma ray feedback. In this article we present some results of Monte-Carlo simulation of electromagnetic avalanches in atmospheric conditions and calculation of gain coefficient for both positron and gamma-ray feedback. The calculations were maid for realistic fields and acceleration cell sizes (up to 200 kV/m and 400 m respectively). The calculated gain coefficients for realistic fields and cell sizes are less than 10% which strongly discourages use of positron and gamma feedback model to describe TGF phenomenon and other gamma-production mechanisms in atmosphere under normal conditions. The simulation also shows possibility of selfsupporting positron feedback for extreme conditions like very high electric fields and very large cells.
Current status of the compact 2.45 GHz ECR Ion Source at FLNR JINR
Authors: Fatkullin Riyaz , Bogomolov Sergey , Efremov Andrey , Loginov Vladimir , Kostukhov Yuri , Bondarchenko Andrey
Published: February 2019

This paper describes recent results obtained with a compact 2.45 GHz ECR Ion Source at the ECR ion sources test bench. The source was tested for production of helium and hydrogen ions with different configurations of Ultra High Frequency (UHF) coupler, UHF power and frequency. At the extraction voltage about of 10 kV and UHF power about of 100 W more than 500 µA of He + ions were produced with the extraction hole of 3 mm in diameter that corresponds to the current density of 7.5mA/cm2. The future possible upgrades of the ion source are also discussed.
Pseudo-Riemannian Spectral Triples for the Standard Model
Authors: Bochniak Arkadiusz
Published: February 2019

We present the importance of the pseudo-Riemannian structure in the spectral triple formalism that is used to describe the Standard Model of Particle Physics. The filnite case is briefly described and its role in the context of leptoquarks is presented. The proposal for the reverse engineering program for the Standard Model is also described, together with recent results.
Cosmological Constant Effects on the Properties of Mass Twin Compact Stars
Authors: Khosravi Largani Noshad , Álvarez-Castillo David Edwin
Published: February 2019

We present a systematic investigation of the cosmological constant effects in compact stars interiors in the framework of Einstein’s gravity. Consideration of a cosmological constant Λ in compact stars is motivated by the mechanism of acceleration of the observable universe, where Λ is usually related to the dark energy. In particular, we consider compact star mass twins, hybrid neutron stars that populate both the second and third branch of the mass-radius diagram. For those models, the need of consideration of excluded volume effects in the equation of state, resulting from the filnite size volume of nucleons, leads to a stiffening of matter causing compact stars to acquire higher mass and radius values. We demonstrate that certain values of the cosmological constant can also modify the compact star properties but in an opposite way. In addition, we filnd that the inclusion of Λ can have a similar effect to the existence of pasta phases at the hadron-quark interface.
Effective Potential Formalism at Finite Temperature in Dual QCD and Deconfilnement Phase Transition
Authors: Punetha Garima , Chandola H. C.
Published: February 2019

We study the pure-gauge QCD phase transition at filnite temperatures in the dual QCD theory, an effective theory of QCD based on the magnetic symmetry. We formulate the effective thermodynamical potential for filnite temperatures using the path-integral formalism in order to investigate the properties of the pure-gauge QCD vacuum. Thermal effects bring a first-order deconfinement phase transition.
Investigation and Analysis of the Current Situation of Students’ Sports Life in Chinese Culture University of Taipei
Authors: Yan Qiang , Ma Teng
Published: February 2019

Through the investigation and analysis of the students’ sports life in the Chinese Culture University of Taipei, it can reflect that different regional cultures have different cultural characteristics. The investigation and analysis of the students’ participation in sports activities, the degree of awareness, the selection of sports items, the motivation of participating in sports activities and the related sports consumption, is based on the Chinese Culture University of Taipei. This paper finds out the problems existing in the students’ sports life of Chinese Culture University and puts forward some reasonable suggestions.
Current Situation and Discussion of Teachers’ Information Literacy in the Era of "Education Informatization 2.0"
Authors: Jia You
Published: February 2019

China's education informationization has entered a new stage of educational informationization 2.0 which integrates innovation. Based on the analysis of the connotation of educational informatization 2.0, this paper points out the importance of improving teachers' information literacy. In view of the problems existing in the current situation of teachers’ overall information literacy, this paper puts forward some effective strategies to improv teachers' information literacy and integrate information technology into educational reform, such as fostering teachers’ correct educational development concept, creating an information environment conducive to promoting teachers' information literacy, changing training methods and teachers’ learning methods, etc. It highlights the role of educational informatization 2.0 in promoting educational modernization.
Research Progress of Computer in Medicine
Authors: Zhu Haidong , Gao Jialin
Published: February 2019

With the rapid development of electronic computers, computer technology has been applied into various fields of medicine and its management. The application of computers in medical treatment has also greatly promoted the development of medical treatment. Research on the application condition of computers in medicine is of great importance to future medical care.
CT and MRI Imaging Features and Grades of Liver Iron Deposition
Authors: Huang Qianwen , Lin Simin , Duan Shaoyin
Published: February 2019

CT and MRI imaging features and grades of liver iron deposition（LID）were discussed and evaluated in clinical application.The imaging and laboratory data of 20 patients with LID were analyzed retrospectively. CT value of liver were measured and MR signal intensity ratio of muscle/liver calculated.A new imaging grade of LID were made with CT and MR, and the grade correlation was analyzed between CT, MR and SF. All of 20 patients with LID, 19 cases were CT examination, their CT value ranging of liver were from 55HU to 116HU, of which more than 72HU were in 7 cases and 72HU or less in 12. 14 cases were MR examination with the low signal of liver, and the inverse phase signal of T1WI was higher than that of the positive phase. There were no significant difference among the grade of CT, T1WI, T2WI and SF (P>0.05), and there were the positive correlation of grade between CT, T1WI, T2WI and SF (rs=0.803,0.847,0.677 respectively), and of values between CT, T1WI SIR, T2WI SIR and SF(rs=0.454, 0.538, 0.811 respectively). CT can show the LID with high-density, but the mild LID can be with normal density, which is the false negative. MRI can show LID with low-signal, of which T2WI is the lower than T1WI, it is beneficial to diagnose the early LID. Grades of CT and MR have good consistent with that of SF, and can reflect the severity of LID, particularly that of MR-T1WI grading.
Research on Hospital Information Integration
Authors: Wang Jinguo , Wang Na
Published: February 2019

The traditional integration scheme has some disadvantages, such as complexity, high coupling degree of each system and large modification to the original system. The system integration platform is the combination of software and hardware, and it is the bridge and intermediary between various systems. Application system integration is realized through the integration platform, which forms a topology between the integration platform and each application system. Information interaction between systems is achieved through messaging. The medical supervision system should be set up. Development of a medical information management system includes integrated framework of medical security management system, dispute assessment system and protocol disposal system.
A statistical study of inclusions in medium-grade non-oriented silicon steel
Authors: Kong Wei , Chen Ying-feng , Cang Da-qiang
Published: February 2019

There are always differences between the magnetic properties (core loss and magnetic induction) of the head and those of the tail, with the same chemical composition, in a medium-grade non-oriented silicon steel coil (or MGNO for short). To work out the reason leading to the differences and get methods to increase the magnetic properties, this paper studied the types and the distribution of the inclusions in MGNO, and the effects of the inclusions on the magnetic properties of the MGNO, by using SEM + FEEM observation and statistic analysis. The results show that there are oxide inclusions, sulfide inclusions, nitride inclusions and composite inclusions in the MGNO. More inclusions shorter than 500 nm are bad for the magnetic properties of the MGNO. On a lower order of the sizes, the number of the inclusions would more obviously affect the MGNO on its magnetic properties. The Al2O3 shorter than 1 µm and the MnS whose size is 100∼500 nm are the main inclusions that decrease the magnetic properties of the MGNO. In order to get better magnetic properties of the MGNO, the steelmaking process and the hot rolling process should be improved, chiefly the RH and the heat furnace.
A new mandibular anchorage solution inspired from alpinism
Authors: Bernard-Granger C. , Cresseaux P. , Filippi R.
Published: February 2019

In this article, we are presenting a new mandibular anchorage solution through three clinical cases.

This method is based on a mountain climbing technique. Thanks to a simple fixation wire insert in the jaw bone, it is now possible to obtain a backward movement of the mandibular arch and a significant uprighting of the incisors.
Orthodontics and oral mucosal lesions in children and teenagers
Authors: Sicard L. , Benmoussa L. , Moreau N. , Salmon B. , Ejeil A.-L.
Published: February 2019

Children and teenagers with orthodontics may be affected by infectious, hereditary, traumatic, malignant, or idiopathic oral mucosa lesions. Orthodontists have to be able to detect, identify, and treat effectively or to address the patient to a specialist. Here we discuss this difference to make their diagnosis and management easier for the practitioner.
An original approach of maxillary transversal deficiency with lingual orthodontics
Authors: Bernard-Granger C. , Filippi R. , Cresseaux P
Published: February 2019

The difficulty of management of a transverse maxillary hypoplasia is to choose the right treatment and the appropriate tools.

When transverse maxillary insufficient is associated to sagittal and/or vertical discrepancies in adults, the gold standard treatment is a surgical procedure combined with orthodontic treatment. The surgical procedure can be done in 1 or 2 stages.

If the patient chooses a lingual orthodontic technique, the tools for expansion and the stabilization of expansion are not simple to use.

The aim of this article is to report the case of a 25-year-old male patient, referred to our cabinet for skeletal Class-III malocclusion associated with laterognathism and transverse maxillary deficiency. The patient underwent one-stage surgery. He choose to be treated by a lingual orthodontic technique, we used the FKS® disjunction device.
Upper Back Pain among Physical Therapy Students and Its Association with Gender, Body Mass Index, Study Hours and Use of cell Phones
Authors: Fatima Sana , Arsh Aatik , Daud Muhammad , Gohar Mahreen , Ahmad Aftab , Shah Ali Maan
Published: February 2019

Introduction Musculoskeletal pain is common among Physical therapy students due to prolonged study hours and clinical practice. The objective of current study was to determine the prevalence of upper back pain among physical therapy students and its association with demographic information, length of study hours and use of cell Phones.

Methods This cross sectional survey was conducted in Peshawar, Pakistan from November 2017 to March 2018. 232 students from different physical therapy institutes were included in the study through consecutive sampling. Self-administered questionnaire was used as the study conducting tool having questions regarding demographic information, Body mass index (BMI) study hours, use of cell phone and upper back pain.

Results The Prevalence of upper back pain among DPT students was 44.8% (n=104) in which 33(31.7%) male students and 71(68.3%) female students had upper back pain. There was significant association between female gender and upper back pain (p-value<0.001). Nine (8.7%) underweight, 75 (72.1%) students with normal BMI, 18 (17.3%) overweight, and 2 (1.9%) obese students had upper back pain. There was no significant association between BMI and upper back pain (P=0.459). Majority of students (57.7%, n=60) who were involved in university activities like sitting looking straight during lectures on multimedia or white board for 3–5 h reported upper back pain. On the other hand majority of students (49%, n=51) whose study activities involve looking down during book reading etc for 1–2 h reported upper back pain. However, there was no significant association between activities like sitting looking straight (P=0.691) and sitting looking down (P=0.880) most of the time and upper back pain. Majority of students (43.3%, n=45) who used cell phone for more than 5 h had upper back pain and there was marginally significant association (P=0.091) between use of cell phones for long duration and upper back pain.

Conclusion The frequency of upper back pain was high among physical therapy students. Female gender was highly associated with upper back pain. There was no significant association of upper back pain with BMI, study hours and use of cell phones.
Neue Formen der Zusammenarbeit im ambulanten und stationären
Sektor: ein innovatives Förderkonzept
Authors: Schang Laura , Sundmacher Leonie , Grill Eva
Published: February 2019

Ziel der Studie Die Kontinuität der Versorgungs- und
Informationskette an der Schnittstelle zwischen stationärem und
ambulantem Sektor ist nicht immer gewährleistet. Um
Übergänge zwischen den Sektoren wie Aufnahme und Entlassung
aus der stationären Einrichtung zu verbessern und dem
Koordinationsbedarf von Patienten mit komplexen Erkrankungen oder multiplen
Risikofaktoren gerecht zu werden, wurden Eckpunkte für ein
Förderkonzept entwickelt.

Methodik Im Rahmen der Bayerischen Landesarbeitsgemeinschaft
Gesundheitsversorgungsforschung (LAGeV) wurden konzeptionelle Grundlagen
für die Förderung von sektorenübergreifenden
Kooperationen entwickelt.

Ergebnisse Das Konzept für neue Formen der Zusammenarbeit im
ambulanten und stationären Sektor umfasst die Förderung von
Strukturen intersektoraler Versorgungsnetzwerke und den modularen Ausbau
durch innovative Konzepte, die der patientenzentrierten Verbesserung der
Kommunikation und Koordination der Versorgung dienen. Dazu zählt
auch der Aufbau eines Case Managements zur Unterstützung der
Koordination an sektoralen Schnittstellen. Folgende Module werden vertiefend
erläutert: sektorenübergreifende, integrierte
Behandlungspfade; Entlassmanagement; intersektorale Qualitätszirkel;
strukturierte Pharmakotherapie; Einbindung von Akteuren aus der Pflege und
der Rehabilitation; und Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention.
Abschließend wird die Bedeutung einer systematischen und
vergleichenden Evaluation der Netzwerke erörtert.

Schlussfolgerung Damit wirksame Impulse für die Verbesserung
der sektorübergreifenden Kooperation gesetzt werden, sollten
zielgerichtete Module zur Verbesserung der patientenzentrierten Versorgung
an zentralen Schnittstelle zwischen stationärem und ambulantem
Sektor gefördert werden. Die verpflichtende Evaluation sollte
netzwerkübergreifend anhand validierter Qualitätsindikatoren
zur Prozess- und Ergebnisqualität als auch entlang
netzwerkspezifischen Zielen erfolgen.
Validität und Intratester-Reliabilität der Fotometrie zur Beurteilung der Position des Schultergürtels gesunder Probanden
Authors: Kapitza Camilla , Hoch Anke , Schöttker-Königer Thomas , Schäfer Axel
Published: February 2019

Hintergrund Da die Körperhaltung möglicherweise ein relevanter, beitragender als auch prognostischer Faktor bei muskuloskeletalen Problemen ist, stellt deren Beurteilung einen wichtigen Bestandteil der physiotherapeutischen Untersuchung dar. Das klinimetrische Verfahren der digitalen Fotometrie kann Parameter der Haltung objektiv erheben.

Ziel Die Studie untersuchte die Validität und die Intratester-Reliabilität eines Fotometrie-Programms zur Beurteilung der Güte seiner Anwendung in der Praxis und Forschung.

Methode In der Messgruppe wurde die Haltung des Schultergürtels von 48 Probanden im Alter von 19 bis 46 Jahren zu 2 Messzeitpunkten in 4 Ebenen gemessen, um folgende Variablen zu bestimmen: Skapula-Rotation, Pro- und Retraktion, Skapula-Kippung, kraniovertebraler Winkel, thorakale Kyphose und Schulterschiefstand. Die Intratester-Reliabilität wurde in einem Abstand von 3 Wochen untersucht. Die Bestimmung der Kriteriumsvalidität erfolgte über die Korrelation der Messwerte der Fotometrie mit denen eines digitalen Inklinometers, eines CROM und eines Zentimetermaßes.

Ergebnisse Validität: Die Korrelationskoeffizienten der gemessenen Winkel lagen zwischen r = 0,63, 95 %-Konfidenzintervall (KI) und r = 0,95, 95 %KI (p > 0,001), die Zentimetermessungen zwischen r = 0,57 und r = 0,96, 95 %KI (p < 0,0001). Intratester-Reliabilität: Die Intraklassenkorrelationskoeffizienten (ICC) der Winkelmessungen erreichten zwischen 0,77 und 0,96 CI und die ICC der Zentimetermessung zwischen 0,62 und 0,93 KI. Der Standardfehler der Messungen (SEM) betrug je nach Winkel zwischen 0,64° und 3,46° bzw. Abstand zwischen 0,35 cm und 0,98 cm.

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse lassen darauf schließen, dass die Fotometrie für die Winkel Skapula-Rotation, Skapula-Kippung und Akromioklavikulargelenk sowie für die Abstände zwischen Trigonum scapulae zur Wirbelsäule und Angulus inferior zur Wirbelsäule als valides und reliables Messinstrument zur Beurteilung des Schultergürtels bei gesunden Probanden verwendet werden kann. Insbesondere die Winkelmessungen zeigten gute Resultate.
Association between col1a2 Polymorphism and the Occurrence of Pelvic Organ Prolapse in Brazilian Women
Authors: Rosa Josyandra Paula de Freitas , Haddad Raphael Federicci , Maeda Fabiana Garcia Reis , Souto Ricardo Peres , Fernandes Cesar Eduardo , Oliveira Emerson de
Published: February 2019

Objective To evaluate the rs42524 polymorphism of the procollagen type I alpha (α) 2 (COL1A2) gene as a factor related to the development of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in Brazilian women.

Methods The present study involved 112 women with POP stages III and IV (case group) and 180 women with POP stages zero and I (control group). Other clinical data were obtained by interviewing the patients about their medical history, and blood was also collected from the volunteers for the extraction of genomic DNA. The promoter region of the COL1A2 gene containing the rs42524 polymorphism was amplified, and the discrimination between the G and C variants was performed by digestion of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products with the MspA1I enzyme followed by agarose gel electrophoresis analysis.

Results A total of 292 women were analyzed. In the case group, 71 had the G/G genotype, 33 had the G/C genotype, and 7 had the C/C genotype. In turn, the ratio in the control group was 117 G/G, 51 G/C, and 11 C/C. There were no significant differences between the groups.

Conclusion Our data did not show an association between the COL1A2 polymorphism and the occurrence of POP.
Challenges of Hearing Rehabilitation after Radiation and Chemotherapy
Authors: Nader Marc-Elie , Gidley Paul
Published: February 2019

Radiation and chemotherapy are frequently used in the treatment of head and neck malignancies. Ototoxicity is a common adverse effect of these treatment modalities. This article discusses the patterns of hearing loss following chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Specific issues related to hearing rehabilitation in oncological patients will also be covered, such as controversies regarding treatment of radiation-induced serous otitis media, risks of otologic surgery, and the use of osseointegrated hearing aids and cochlear implants.
Extended short-wave infrared linear and Geiger mode avalanche photodiodes, based on 6.1 Å materials
Authors: Craig A. P. , Jain M. , Meriggi L. , Cann T. , Niblett A. , Collins X. , Marshall A. R. J.
Published: February 2019

Extended short-wave infrared (SWIR) avalanche photodiodes based on III–V quaternary alloys were grown on GaSb. An InGaAsSb absorber allowed for cut-off wavelengths of 2.2 μm and 2.75 μm, at 77 K and 300 K, respectively. A multiplication layer of AlGaAsSb with Al = 0.9 mole fraction was used, a material recently characterized by our group, allowing for a breakdown voltage of less than 15 V. Linear and 2D arrays were fabricated using BCl3 dry and HF wet-chemical etching, and dielectric passivation layers were tested. These results indicate that extended SWIR single photon detectors can be developed.
Extracting collective motions underlying nucleosome dynamics via nonlinear manifold learning
Authors: Guo Ashley Z. , Lequieu Joshua , de Pablo Juan J.
Published: February 2019

The identification of effective collective variables remains a challenge in molecular simulations of complex systems. Here, we use a nonlinear manifold learning technique known as the diffusion map to extract key dynamical motions from a complex biomolecular system known as the nucleosome: a DNA-protein complex consisting of a DNA segment wrapped around a disc-shaped group of eight histone proteins. We show that without any a priori information, diffusion maps can identify and extract meaningful collective variables that characterize the motion of the nucleosome complex. We find excellent agreement between the collective variables identified by the diffusion map and those obtained manually using a free energy-based analysis. Notably, diffusion maps are shown to also identify subtle features of nucleosome dynamics that did not appear in those manually specified collective variables. For example, diffusion maps identify the importance of looped conformations in which DNA bulges away from the histone complex that are important for the motion of DNA around the nucleosome. This work demonstrates that diffusion maps can be a promising tool for analyzing very large molecular systems and for identifying their characteristic slow modes.
Kinetic Alfvén waves generated by ion beam and velocity shear in the Earth's magnetosphere
Authors: Barik K. C. , Singh S. V. , Lakhina G. S.
Published: February 2019

Generation of Kinetic Alfvén Waves (KAWs) in a generalized three component plasma model consisting of the background cold ions, hot electrons, and hot ion beams, where all the three species have non-uniform streaming and velocity shear, is discussed. First, the role played by the ion beam solely in exciting KAWs is analyzed. Next, how this behavior gets modified when the velocity shear is present along with the streaming ion beam is discussed. The effects of other parameters such as temperature, number density, and propagation angle on the growth of KAWs are explored. It is found that when shear is positive and ions are streaming along the ambient magnetic field, KAWs are stabilized. On the other hand, with positive shear and an anti-parallel ion beam or vice-versa, KAWs with a larger growth rate are excited as compared to the case of waves excited by the ion beam alone. Also, for the first time, we have shown the combined effect of the ion beam and velocity shear on the generation of KAWs. The theoretical model can generate ultra-low frequency waves with frequencies up to ≈60 mHz for the plasma parameters relevant to auroral/polar cusp field lines.
Electronic and optical properties of defective MoSe2 repaired by halogen atoms from first-principles study
Authors: Guo Yuefeng , Ji Yujin , Dong Huilong , Wang Lu , Li Youyong
Published: February 2019

Using first-principles calculations, we have investigated the electronic and optical properties of MoSe2 with Se vacancies (SVSe, α-DVSe, and β-DVSe) and further repaired by halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br and I). For the MoSe2 with Se vacancies, Cl, Br and I atoms can occupy the Se vacancies and form three bonds with the neighboring Mo atoms, but F atom only can form two F-Mo bonds with the lowest adsorption energies due to its smaller atomic radius. Halogen atoms possess one more electron than Se atom, which results in a local magnetic moment of 1µB for single vacancy and 2µB for double vacancies. The MoSe2 with Se vacancies exhibits n-type doping semiconductor, which agrees well with the experimental observations. After halogen atoms doping in the defective site, the defective levels shift from electron donor levels to the electron acceptor levels, and finally reduces the n-type doping from the defective structure through a p-doping process. Compared to the defective MoSe2, absorption enhancement around low energy area of 0∼3 eV is observed in the halogen-repaired MoSe2 structures. Our results provide new insights in structural repairing of the transition metal dichalcogenides and promote their remarkable properties for applications in optoelectronics.
Numerical investigation of underwater discharge generated in a single helium bubble at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Yan Wen , Xia Yang , Bi Zhenhua , Song Ying , Wang Dezhen , Liu Dongping
Published: February 2019

In this work, a two-dimensional axisymmetric numerical modeling of underwater discharge in a single helium bubble at atmospheric pressure was performed. The dynamics of the discharge ignition, propagation in the bubble, and the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (O, OH, and H2O2) were studied. Upon ignition, the discharge propagated mainly along the gas-water interface until a circle adjacent to the internal surface of the bubble was formed. OH was found to be the dominant ROS in the bubble, followed by O and then H2O2. The influence of the voltage amplitude and the position of the needle electrode on the discharge development, reactive species, and corresponding fluxes to the gas-water interface was also investigated. At low voltage, the discharge was confined inside the bubble with a standoff distance from the gas-water interface. When the voltage was higher, the discharge was ignited earlier and the propagation path of discharge was closer to the gas-water interface, resulting in the enhancement of the wall effect. For the case of the needle tip inside the tube, the discharge was initiated as a surface streamer inside the tube and then exited the tube into the bubble with the surface hugging discharge mode. For the case of the needle tip outside the tube, an additional volumetric discharge was observed, based on the surface hugging discharge. The densities of O and OH generated inside the bubble and their fluxes at the gas-water interface increased by either increasing voltage amplitude or moving the needle tip outside of the tube.
Stability analysis of rotational dynamics of ellipsoids in simple shear flow
Authors: Cui Zhiwen , Zhao Lihao , Huang Wei-Xi , Xu Chun-Xiao
Published: February 2019

The rotation of anisotropic particles in fluid flow is essential for particle transport and collisions of nearby particles. The earlier studies indicate that both axis-symmetric spheroids and tri-axial ellipsoids in a simple shear flow tend to rotate about their shortest axes in the absence of fluid inertia. However, tri-axial ellipsoids display more complicated behavior with variations of the Stokes number and aspect ratio. In this paper, we theoretically studied the rotation stability of both axis-symmetric spheroids and tri-axial ellipsoids in a simple shear flow with negligible fluid inertia by the Floquet analysis. In the case of axis-symmetric spheroids, we find that tumbling motion of a prolate spheroid is neutrally stable, but logrolling motion is unstable, while logrolling of an oblate spheroid is stable, but tumbling is unstable. A tri-axial ellipsoid rotating about the shortest axis is found to be stable at large Stokes numbers (St > St0.5, where St0.5 is denoted as a critical Stokes number) but becoming unstable with small particle inertia (St < St0.5) for a tri-axial elongated particle. Moreover, stable intermediate-axial rotation is observed for the ellipsoids with small inertia. Meanwhile, small shape variations of slightly tri-axial ellipsoids could result in different stability states. The slightly tri-axial elongated ellipsoids easily reach a chaotic rotation state, while the rotation of slightly tri-axial flat ellipsoids is relatively more stable.
Discharge channel development of microsecond tungsten wire explosion in air
Authors: Liu Qiaojue , Yao Weibo , Wang Yu , Zhao Zhan , Zhang Yongmin , Qiu Aici
Published: February 2019

The discharge channel development of microsecond electrical exploding tungsten in air was investigated. A microsecond pulsed current source was used to trigger the electrical explosion of tungsten wires with a length of 40 cm and a diameter of 0.3 mm. Charged with a 26 kV voltage, a 6 μF capacitor possessed a stored energy of 2028 J, which was not enough to vaporize the tungsten wire. We proposed two parameters, the total cross-sectional area and the granular border area, to quantitatively describe the discharge channel development. We also adopted an image processing method to study the entire discharge channel development throughout the wire explosion. Evident results suggested that the trend of the electrical explosion was layer by layer from the surface to the core, and the outward expanding speed of the channel was gradually decreasing. The results also demonstrated clear distinction between the discharge channel developments at upper and lower electrodes. During the electrical explosion, the granular border area increased in an approximate exponential way, while the total cross-sectional area increased linearly until 1.43 ms and then decreased, which was caused by hollow regions formed in the discharge channel.
A theoretical study of permeability enhancement for ultrafiltration ceramic membranes with conical pores and slippage
Authors: Tran-Duc Thien , Phan-Thien Nhan , Wang John
Published: February 2019

Ceramic membranes are currently favourable in membrane filtration applications due to their excellent mechanical strength, thermal and chemical resistance, backflush capability, and thus a long-service cycle. Coated on top of a mesoporous support, the selective top layer of ultrafiltration ceramic membranes has pore size not exceeding a few tens of nanometers and thickness in the order of O10 μm. In fact, the permeability of an ultrafiltration ceramic membrane can be estimated by the permeability of the top layer due to its smallest pore size. Without impairing the filtration function but still improving the permeability, a gradient conical pore shape is proposed. Two formulae for the filtrate flow rate versus pressure drop relationship through a conical pore exhibiting surface slippage are established here by extending the Hagen-Poiseuille law and an analytical solution for the axisymmetric creeping flow. It is analytically proved that the surface slip length in a conical flow is proportional to a local pore radius by a slip coefficient that is unique for a given pore configuration at a prescribed flow rate. The permeability of a conical-pore membrane is enhanced for radius ratio not exceeding 6.5. The optimum configuration, achieved at a ratio of 2.3, produces an enhancement factor for a membrane permeability of 1.5 for a no-slip surface; this enhancement increases linearly with the slip coefficient if a surface slippage exists.
Expanding atomic force microscopy beyond a steady-state approach
Authors: Kish Stacy W.
Published: February 2019

Researcher improves theoretical description of AFM using a detailed analysis of the transient cantilever movement.
Trait variation of a generalist tree species (Eremanthus erythropappus, Asteraceae) in two adjacent mountain habitats: savanna and cloud forest
Authors: Borges Erica Rievrs , Prado-Junior Jamir , Santana Lucas Deziderio , Delgado Camila Nardy , Raymundo Diego , Ribeiro José Hugo Campos , Rossatto Davi Rodrigo , Carvalho Fabrício Alvim
Published: February 2019

Cloud forests and savannas differ in several environmental aspects, particularly in light irradiance and water availability. Such differences can be selective for specific sets of leaves and architectural strategies to capture light and use water. In the present study we evaluated functional traits variation in a generalist species in two adjacent habitats experiencing an abrupt change in resource availability (light and water availability). We collected several leaf, stem and architectural traits of the tree species Eremanthus erythropappus (DC.) MacLeish in shrubland savanna (habitat facing higher drought stress and wind exposure) and cloud forest (shaded environment). Trees in the shrubland savanna exhibited functional trait values that enhance drought tolerance (i.e. higher wood density and leaf thickness) whereas trees in the cloud forest exhibited functional trait values that enhance light capture (i.e. taller individuals with higher leaf area and specific leaf area). Additionally, the individuals in the shrubland savanna had wider and deeper crowns, pointing that the benefits of a larger canopy area to capture light during the day and humidity from condensation at night exceed the higher risk of mechanical damage by falling debris due to high wind exposure. For all traits, variation among the individuals was lower than variation among habitats. Our results indicate the strong role of the environment as a driver of intraspecific variation and that architectural traits (usually poorly studied compared with other traits) should be included as an important parameter of variation in functional analyses when evaluating the effect of environmental conditions on tree performance.
The constructionalization and constructional change of noncanonical V-NP expressions in Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Li Yanzhi , Wu Yicheng
Published: February 2019

This paper investigates the process of constructionalization and constructional change of apparently noncanonical yet highly frequent V-NP expressions in Mandarin Chinese, which exist in other languages as well (e.g., Southeast Asian languages and African languages). A corpus-based survey of 20 frequently used monosyllabic verbs shows that both the token and the type frequency of the noncanonical V-NP expressions have on the whole been increasing throughout the history of the Chinese language. From a constructional perspective, it is proposed that the noncanonical V-NP structure has gone through a process of grammatical constructionalization and constructional change (Traugott & Trousdale 2013), which involves diachronic changes in productivity, schematicity and compositionality and which is manifested in the increasing number of the semantic types of postverbal NPs.
The typological change of motion expressions in Chinese revisited
Authors: Shi Wenlei , Yang Wanglong , Su Henghua
Published: February 2019

This paper reports on a corpus-based study aimed at reexamining the typological status and diachronic change of motion expressions in Chinese, drawing on parallel texts consisting of autonomous motion expressions in Old Chinese (OC) and its Modern Chinese (MoC) translation. The results show that MoC significantly differs from OC both in the preference of lexicalization patterns (Talmyan typology) and semantic components distributed in discourse (Slobinian typology) when narrating similar motion scenes. However, these results fail to support the viewpoint that Chinese has undergone a change from a verb- to a satellite-frame (Li 1993;Talmy 2000;Peyraube 2006;Shi & Wu 2014). It is argued that (i) the Talmyan typology and the Slobinian typology should be treated separately. In Talmyan typology, the diachrony of Chinese demonstrates the change of a V- to a parallel-frame, in that satellite- and verb-framed constructions in MoC have equal frequency and show no bias for the encoding of subtypes of autonomous motion. In Slobinian typology, MoC remains as a Path-salient language, as it gives considerable weight to the expression of Path; (ii) the dominant lexicalization pattern in a language varies from one sub-domain of motion to another (see alsoLamarre 2003), and thus the typology of motion expressions is sub-domain-specific; and (iii) motivating forces and blocking forces, furthermore, co-exist diachronically for the typological evolution of motion encoding due to the idiosyncrasy of the morphosyntactic system.
Construction of a Pseudozyma antarctica strain without foreign DNA sequences (self-cloning strain) for high yield production of a biodegradable plastic-degrading enzyme
Authors: Sameshima-Yamashita Yuka , Watanabe Takashi , Tanaka Takumi , Tsuboi Shun , Yarimizu Tohru , Morita Tomotake , Koike Hideaki , Suzuki Ken , Kitamoto Hiroko
Published: February 2019

The basidiomycetous yeast Pseudozyma antarctica GB-4(0) esterase (PaE) is a promising candidate for accelerating degradation of used biodegradable plastics (BPs). To increase safety and reduce costs associated with the use of PaE, we constructed a self-cloning strain with high-PaE productivity. A Lys12 gene (PaLYS12)-deleted lysine auxotroph strain GB4-(0)-L1 was obtained from GB-4(0) by ultraviolet mutagenesis and nystatin enrichment. Subsequently, the PaE gene (PaCLE1) expression cassette consisting of GB-4(0)-derived PaCLE1, under the control of a xylose-inducible xylanase promoter with PaLYS12, was randomly introduced into the GB4-(0)-L1 genome. A PaE high-producing strain, PGB474, was selected from among the transformants by high throughput double-screening based on its ability to degrade emulsified polybutylene succinate-co-adipate. Quantitative PCR revealed that four copies of the PaE gene expression cassette were introduced into the PGB474 genome. PGB474 produced 2.0 g/L of PaE by xylose-fed-batch cultivation using a 3-L jar fermentor for 72 h.
Determining the pharmacokinetics of nicotinic drugs in the endoplasmic reticulum using biosensors
Authors: Shivange Amol V. , Borden Philip M. , Muthusamy Anand K. , Nichols Aaron L. , Bera Kallol , Bao Huan , Bishara Ishak , Jeon Janice , Mulcahy Matthew J. , Cohen Bruce , O'Riordan Saidhbhe L. , Kim Charlene , Dougherty Dennis A. , Chapman Edwin R. , Marvin Jonathan S. , Looger Loren L. , Lester Henry A.
Published: February 2019

Nicotine dependence is thought to arise in part because nicotine permeates into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it binds to nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) and begins an “inside-out” pathway that leads to up-regulation of nAChRs on the plasma membrane. However, the dynamics of nicotine entry into the ER are unquantified. Here, we develop a family of genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors for nicotine, termed iNicSnFRs. The iNicSnFRs are fusions between two proteins: a circularly permutated GFP and a periplasmic choline-/betaine-binding protein engineered to bind nicotine. The biosensors iNicSnFR3a and iNicSnFR3b respond to nicotine by increasing fluorescence at [nicotine] <1 µM, the concentration in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of a smoker. We target iNicSnFR3 biosensors either to the plasma membrane or to the ER and measure nicotine kinetics in HeLa, SH-SY5Y, N2a, and HEK293 cell lines, as well as mouse hippocampal neurons and human stem cell–derived dopaminergic neurons. In all cell types, we find that nicotine equilibrates in the ER within 10 s (possibly within 1 s) of extracellular application and leaves as rapidly after removal from the extracellular solution. The [nicotine] in the ER is within twofold of the extracellular value. We use these data to run combined pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic simulations of human smoking. In the ER, the inside-out pathway begins when nicotine becomes a stabilizing pharmacological chaperone for some nAChR subtypes, even at concentrations as low as ∼10 nM. Such concentrations would persist during the 12 h of a typical smoker’s day, continually activating the inside-out pathway by >75%. Reducing nicotine intake by 10-fold decreases activation to ∼20%. iNicSnFR3a and iNicSnFR3b also sense the smoking cessation drug varenicline, revealing that varenicline also permeates into the ER within seconds. Our iNicSnFRs enable optical subcellular pharmacokinetics for nicotine and varenicline during an early event in the inside-out pathway.
Localization for logarithmic stable maps
Authors: Molcho S. , Routis E.
Published: February 2019

We prove a virtual localization formula for Bumsig Kim’s space of Logarithmic Stable Maps. The formula is closely related and can in fact recover the relative virtual localization formula of Graber-Vakil.
Right-angled Coxeter quandles and polyhedral products
Authors: Kishimoto Daisuke
Published: February 2019

To a Coxeter group

W
W

one associates a quandle

X
W

X_W

from which one constructs a group

A
d

(

X
W

)

\mathrm {Ad}(X_W)

. This group turns out to be an intermediate object between

W
W

and the associated Artin group. By using a result of Akita, we prove that

A
d

(

X
W

)

\mathrm {Ad}(X_W)

is given by a pullback involving

W
W

, and by using this pullback, we show that the classifying space of

A
d

(

X
W

)

\mathrm {Ad}(X_W)

is given by a space called a polyhedral product whenever

W
W

is right-angled. Two applications of this description of the classifying space are given.
A general principle for Hausdorff measure
Authors: Hussain Mumtaz , Simmons David
Published: February 2019

We introduce a general principle for studying the Hausdorff measure of limsup sets. A consequence of this principle is the well-known Mass Transference Principle of Beresnevich and Velani (2006).
On the second eigenvalue of combination between local and nonlocal 𝑝-Laplacian
Authors: Goel Divya , Sreenadh K.
Published: February 2019

In this paper, we study the mountain pass characterization of the second eigenvalue of the operator

−

Δ
p

u
−

Δ

J
,
p

u

-\Delta _p u -\Delta _{J,p}u

and study shape optimization problems related to these eigenvalues.
Gossez’s skew linear map and its pathological maximally monotone multifunctions
Authors: Simons Stephen
Published: February 2019

In this note, we give a generalization of Gossez’s example of a maximally monotone multifunction such that the closure of its range is not convex, using more elementary techniques than in Gossez’s original papers. We also discuss some new properties of Gossez’s skew linear operator and its adjoint.
A Blaschke sequence that is not a zero set for ℓ^{𝑝}_{𝐴}
Authors: Cheng Raymond , Dragas James
Published: February 2019

For

p
p

in the range

1
>
p
>
2

1>p>2

, it is shown by construction that the nontrivial zero sets of

ℓ
A
p

\ell ^p_A

constitute a proper subset of the Blaschke sequences. The construction relies on a zero set criterion for

ℓ
A
p

\ell ^p_A

based on a related notion of inner function.
Fusion systems on maximal class 3-groups of rank two revisited
Authors: Parker Chris , Semeraro Jason
Published: February 2019

We complete the determination of saturated fusion systems on maximal class

3
3

-groups of rank two.
Almost sure convergence on chaoses
Authors: Poly Guillaume , Zheng Guangqu
Published: February 2019

We present several new phenomena about almost sure convergence on homogeneous chaoses that include Gaussian Wiener chaos and homogeneous sums in independent random variables. Concretely, we establish the fact that almost sure convergence on a fixed finite sum of chaoses forces the almost sure convergence of each chaotic component. Our strategy uses “extra randomness” and a simple conditioning argument. These ideas are close to the spirit ofStein’s method of exchangeable pairs. Some natural questions are left open in this note.