bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Spatial Pattern of International Labour Flows from and to
Pakistan: A Preliminary Analysis
Authors: Altaf Mir Anjum , - Obaidullah
Published: August 2018

Since the mid-1970s Pakistan has witnessed very high
magnitudes of labour outand in-migration. Most of the earlier studies on
the subject either concentrated on the aggregate macro-economic impact
of this migration on the national economy or have been in the nature of
case studies of specific' groups of migrants'. In these studies, the
analysis of geographical distribution of the labour force has been
missing. Given the fact that both out- and return-migrants may have
location-specific effects which might lead to uneven economic and social
development in the country and as such policies would have to respond in
concrete locational terms. such an omission is critical. This paper
attempts to identify the international labour flows of Pakistanis
focussing on their geographical distribution. Based on a survey
conducted by the Overseas Pakistanis Foundiition and the Population
Census of 1981 the study suggests that less developed districts are
characterised by low out-migration and high return-migration. In
addition, structural characteristics (e.g .• land tenure) may be
important in explaining low mobility from some underdeveloped districts.
e.g., those of Sindh and lower Punjab. On the basis of the information
presented. the paper suggests a nurnber of avenues for future research:
(i) to relate the indices of out- and return-migration to disaggregated
characteristics of the regional socio-economic structure; (ii) to
compare the pattern of international out-migration with the pattern of
internal out-migrant; (iii) to verify whether the process of internal
relocation is of significant magnitude a trace analysis of return
migrants to the less developed districts could be attempted; and (iv) to
determine the socio-economic and political implications of the patterns
of out- and return-migration. as the differential patterns are likely to
have significant implications for future development.
Usha Jumani. Dealing with Poverty: Self-Employment for Poor Rural
Women. New Delhi/Newbury ParklLondon: Sage Publications. 1991.
Authors: Bilquees Faiz
Published: August 2018

Based on extensive fieldwork carried out in collaboration with
SEW A, Jumani's book is a study of the issues of poor self-employed
women in the rural areas of Ahmedabad District of Gujrat, India. The
work and social issues of rural women working in fifteen different
economic activities have been studied in depth through participatory
methods as a basis of organising the women and strengthening their
resource bases. The study covers five out of seven districts which are
lightly rural and the sample consists of 800 poor self-employed women in
561 villages. The contents of book have been divided into two parts.
Part I of the book comprises seven chapters, while Part II provides
case-studies of at least two women in each activity. Chapter 1
elaborates the historical process of the economic transformation from
the informal to the formal set-up of the present-day Indian economy.
However, it is argued that the transformation process, contrary to the
expectation that it would generate employment, has led to the expansion
of the communities of the poor self-employed workers. These workers, in
contrast to formal-sector workers, are denied any legal rights to work,
security, earnings, etc.
Peter Oakley et al. Projects with People: The Practice of
Participation in Rural Development. Geneva: International Labour Office.
1991. xv+294 pp.Price: Swiss Francs 32.50.
Authors: Mahmood Mir Annice
Published: August 2018

Round about the mid-1970s it came to be realised that the
fruits of development were not being distributed widely. In fact, in a
growing number of instances, the benefits of development were being
limited to the elites in the developing countries - the vast majority of
the population was being side-stepped. As a consequence of this
happening, questions began to be raised: Why had such a situation
developed? One possible and quite plausible answer was that the
development process had ignored people's participation. This, then,
became the keyword. Two strands of thinking developed from the use of
this word: the first highlighted the inclusion of human resources in the
process of development; the second was more political in nature because
poor people have very little say in the matters that influence their
earning ability. To surmount this situation requires a structural change
by which the poor can be directly included in the development process,
so that they will gain some control over the resources, which would then
enable them to have a higher standard of living.
PENELUSURAN SILSILAH KELUARGA BATAK MENGGUNAKAN TREE DAN BACKWARD, FORWARD CHAINING
Authors: Sihombing Denny Jean Cross
Published: August 2018

Batak merupakan salah satu suku bangsa yang besar diIndonesia. Salah satu persoalan yang muncul daribesarnya hubungan kekerabatan yaitu kemungkinanhilangnya informasi silsilah kekerabatan. Hal ini terjadikarena informasi ini disampaikan secara lisan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memodelkan silsilahkeluarga dan melakukan penelusuran garis keturunan.Silsilah keluarga dimodelkan menggunakan tree,sedangkan untuk penelusuran silsilah menggunakanforward dan backward chaining. Model silsilah keluargayang dihasilkan diimplementasi menggunakan bahasaPROLOG. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan model silsilahdan penelusuran keluarga berhasil diterapkan padasilsilah Toga Sihombing.
STRONGLY NP-HARDNESS OF SQUARE-FREE SUBSET PRODUCT
Authors: Nguyen Thinh D.
Published: August 2018

We are given 3N integers; find N of them whose product is square free.
The Development Of Sustainable Cattle Farms In East Aceh To Support The Domestic Resouce-Based Self-Suffiency Of National Beef Production
Authors: Mastuti Rini
Published: August 2018

Beef self-sufficiency is a government program to provide for the needs of the national beef originating from local cows Indonesia. Data show that the cattle population in East Aceh District accounts for approximately ten percent of the total number of beef cattle in the province of Aceh, which makes the region has a significant role in supplying the availability of beef in Aceh. However, based on findings in the field, there are some major issues that require an immediate response. Some of these issues such as the low productivity of beef cattle farms in East Aceh since most are individual or people farm, the low human resources quality of breeders, unqualified policy makers to map resources in the region in a comprehensive manner, the limited number and quality of the farm instructors, as well as the shrinking of grazing land in the region. This article discusses these issues, then offered several alternative solutions for the sake of sustainable development of cattle farms in East Aceh District to support national domestic resources-based self-sufficiency in beef.
Evidence accumulation account of human operators’ decisions in intermittent control during inverted pendulum balancing
Authors: Zgonnikov Arkady , Markkula Gustav
Published: August 2018

Human operators often employ intermittent, discontinuous control strategies in a variety of tasks. A typical intermittent controller monitors control error and generates corrective action when the deviation of the controlled system from the desired state becomes too large to ignore. Most contemporary models of human intermittent control employ simple, threshold-based trigger mechanism to model the process of control activation. However, recent experimental studies demonstrate that the control activation patterns produced by human operators do not support threshold-based models, and provide evidence for more complex activation mechanisms. In this paper, we investigate whether intermittent control activation in humans can be modeled as a decision-making process. We utilize an established drift-diffusion model, which treats decision making as an evidence accumulation process, and study it in simple numerical simulations. We demonstrate that this model robustly replicates the control activation patterns (distributions of control error at movement onset) produced by human operators in previously conducted experiments on virtual inverted pendulum balancing. Our results provide support to the hypothesis that intermittent control activation in human operators can be treated as an evidence accumulation process.
Achieving sustainability and transfer with short term learning experiences
Authors: Tractenberg Rochelle E.
Published: August 2018

A 2017 article in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science (PNAS) reported that short-term, intensive “bootcamp” and other training opportunities (“train the user”) did not yield results that the training is intended to achieve. The results are predicted by cognitive psychological theories and findings from educational psychology. However, many “bootcamp” (short and intense preparation) type training opportunities – especially train the trainer - have some anecdotal evidence of their success and impact. Data and Software Carpentries (“The Carpentries”) is an organization that offers short/intensive training workshops around the world similar to some of those discussed in the 2017 paper. They train “users” of data and software, and they also train trainers of these users. In their response to this 2017 paper, The Carpentries acknowledge that one point raised in that paper, that training spaced over time is more successful than shorter/more intense training, cannot be circumvented. However, short and intense training is popular, and is sometimes all that is feasible; both their train the user and train the trainer sessions are short and intense. In their response, The Carpentries described their own strategies for achieving more positive outcomes for short and intense training than were described in this 2017 PNAS article. Two of these strategies are: “meet learners where they are” and “explicitly address motivation and self efficacy”. These strategies may not be functioning as well as they could be. To clarify what might be impeding these strategies, this white paper compares and contrasts features of training those who will train others (“train the trainer”) with training for “new users”. These types of programs are short and intense, but differ in fundamental ways. Understanding these differences can be leveraged to improve the outcomes of train the user training; recommendations for doing so is presented. The recommendations are embedded in descriptions of those features of training opportunities that can be leveraged purposefully to promote sustainable learning, even when training is short and intense. It is hoped that the model can support the success of the two Carpentries strategies to promote the achievement of Carpentries goals –and those of all who offer short/intensive training opportunities.
Leveraging online repositories: the case of excess deaths following Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico
Authors: Santos-Lozada Alexis R
Published: August 2018

This working paper describes the process through which I created, developed and improved a data repository for data and code used to replicate our paper titled "Use of Death Counts from Vital Statistics to Calculate Excess Deaths in Puerto Rico Following Hurricane Maria". The repository can be accessed here: https://alexisrsantos.github.io/Deaths_Puerto_Rico_JAMA/. It also documents the opportunities and challenges of engaging in this endeavor.
Glacial quarrying and development of overdeepenings in glacial valleys; modelling experiments and case studies at Erdalen, Western Norway
Authors: Seguinot Julien
Published: August 2018

Erdalen valley in western Norway exhibit a set of several sediment-filled overdeepened basins carved in the rock by the Quaternary glaciers. This is a common phenomenon in presently or previously glaciated regions of the world. Despite of numerous glacial erosion theories, the origin of glacial overdeepenings remains confuse. The present study attempts to take a step further in the comprehension of the underlying processes. The results of a numerical model of glacial erosion, based on shallow ice flow modelling, bed separation and glacial plucking by sub-critical crack growth in conjunction with observations on Erdalen geology and geomorphology shows that small-scale overdeepenings are mainly the expression of bedrock resistance variations and flux pattern of the glacier. Glacial plucking, as modeled in this study, mainly contributes to headwall steepening.
Ispitivanje položajne točnosti granica šumskih područja dobivenih objektno – orijentiranom klasifikacijom multispektralnih snimaka
Authors: Tuno Nedim , Elezović Alma , Topoljak Jusuf , Mulahusić Admir
Published: August 2018

Poznavanje položajne točnosti geoprostornih informacija o šumama, dobivenih interpretacijom satelitskih snimaka, ima veliko značenje. Posljedice odluka koje su temeljene na podacima nedovoljne ili nepoznate kvalitete mogu biti vrlo negativne. U ovome radu istražena je točnost zatvorenih linijskih objekata kojima su predstavljene granice šumskog pokrova. Implementacijom postupka segmentacije snimke korištenjem svih multispektralnih kanala te klasifikacijom tako definiranih segmenata pomoću posebnih pravila, efikasno su izdvojene površine pod šumama. Empirijskom analizom temeljenom na usporedbi testnog i referentnog linijskog sadržaja, pokazano je da kartografska generalizacija doprinosi poboljšanju točnosti granica šuma, te da adekvatna obrada podataka daljinskih istraživanja srednje prostorne rezolucije može rezultirati vektorskim podacima zadovoljavajuće kvalitete.
Regeneration patterns in a pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) strict forest reserve in Southern Hungary
Authors: Ortmann-Ajkai Adrienne , Horváth Ferenc , Lukács Márió , Csicsek Gábor
Published: August 2018

Nedovoljno uspješno prirodno pomlađivanje hrasta lužnjaka Quercus robur L. u poplavnim šumama velik je problem i za šumarsku proizvodnju, kao i za zaštitu prirode, jer dovodi do značajnih promjena u sastavu šuma. Pasivna zaštita poplavnih lužnjakovih šuma zatvorenog sklopa pokazala se neuspješnom ne samo s ekonomskog stajališta, nego i sa stajališta zaštite šuma. Najveća prepreka istraživanju prirodnog pomlađivanja lužnjakovih šuma je nedostatak strogih šumskih rezervata u kojima se očituju prirodni procesi. Naša istraživanja provedenasu u strogom rezervatu u južnoj Mađarskoj, a zapažanja o razvoju hrastovih šuma uključila su sve vrste drveća. Sadašnja struktura sastojine stare 120 godina, koja se spontano razvijala prethodnih 17 godina uzorkovana je prema Državnom Protokolu za Šumske Rezervate, a podaci su statistički analizirani pomoću metode osnovnih komponenti (PCA). Promjene strukture sastojina opisane su na temelju usporedbe sadašnjeg stanja i stanja koje je zabilježeno u fitocenološkim snimkama po Braun-Blanquet-u iz 1995-96. godine. Uz detaljne studije sastojine poplavne lužnjakove šume, predstavili smo i proces pomlađivanja šume zatvorenog sklopa s dominacijom lužnjaka te sastojine gloga Crataegus monogyna koja ima izgled šume u početnoj razvojnoj fazi. Naši rezultati dobijeni su na temelju analize pasivne zaštite šuma tijekom 17 godina, potvrdili su da zaštita šuma bez ikakvih intervencija pomaže ostvarivanju prirodnih procesa, ali ne i očuvanju lokalnih prirodnih vrijednosti, niti obnavljanju ekonomski vrijednih sastojina hrasta lužnjaka, a zaključci mogu biti korisni pri donošenju odluka vezanih za zaštitu prirode.
Posjedovne i površinske značajke šuma šumoposjednika u Hrvatskoj prema regijama
Authors: Berta Alen , Hatić Dalibor , Stojsavljević Denis , Križan Josip , Kušan Vladimir
Published: August 2018

Privatne šume prema Šumskogospodarskoj osnovi RH 2006-2015 zauzimaju 22 % ukupne površine šuma i šumskog zemljišta u RH tj. oko 600.000 ha. Neke od značajki privatnih šuma su: da se radi o sitnim česticama i posjedima, na istoj površini nalazi se veći broj posjednika te iznimna nesređenost podataka u katastru. U ovom radu obrađeni su podaci o česticama i posjednicima iz 319 katastarskih općina (KO) raspoređenih u 5 regija Republike Hrvatske tj. u 53 gospodarske jedinice šuma šumoposjednika. Površinski uzorak predstavlja 8,74 % RH tj. prema ŠGO RH 15,69 % privatnih šuma RH. Osim prikaza sumarnih podataka po regijama, provedene su i dvije klaster analize radi dodatne karakterizacije regija. Prva klaster analiza se odnosi na varijable posjedništva: srednja površina čestica unutar KO obuhvaćenih programima gospodarenja šumama šumoposjednika (u daljem tekstu Programima), srednja površina posjeda unutar KO obuhvaćenim Programima te srednja količina posjednika na posjedovnim listovima unutar KO obuhvaćenim Programom. Druga klaster analiza se odnosi na varijable površina: ukupna površina KO, omjer zašumljenih površina šumama šumoposjednika pojedinačnih KO te omjer „nešumskog“ zemljišta prema katastarskom načinu uporabe obuhvaćenih Programima.
Ovo istraživanje dalo nam je uvid u najizraženiju značajku određene regije, kao i u jedinstvene odnose unutar promatranih značajki svake regije. Analizom je utvrđeno da se regije Istra i Kvarner, Slavonija te središnja Hrvatska više razlikuju od ostalih po vlasničkim varijablama, dok su regije Dalmacija te Gorski kotar i Lika bolje okarakterizirane prostornim varijablama. Također, kao rezultat klaster analiza potvrđeno je više zakonitosti vezanih za veličinu šumske čestice i količinu posjednika tj. za udio privatnih šuma u KO i udio „nešumskog“ zemljišta obuhvaćenim Programima.
Sve raniji povratak kukavice (Cuculus canorus L.) sa zimovanja u šume sjeverozapadne Hrvatske
Authors: Dolenec Zdravko
Published: August 2018

The Earth is getting warmer at its surface and this global warming can be linked to numerous different phenomena worldwide and it has great impact on ecosystems. Responses to climate change vary interspecies, intraspecies and among different area. Most of the birds in the temperate regions arrive earlier from their wintering places and it is believed that this is a response to the significantly higher spring temperatures. The main aim of this work is to describe changes in spring arrival dates of Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) in the period between 1989 and 2016, and also, to identify relationship between dates of arrival and mean spring temperature in the researched period. The Common Cuckoo is an obligate brood parasite and common bird species in study area. In this research, mean April temperature is used as the mean spring temperature because April is the month when this bird species returns from wintering. First arrival date is the common type of data in investigation of connections between climate change and timing of migration. In research of the most bird species this is when the birds are observed for the first time that year, but in the Common Cuckoo, noting the first time hearing them sing is more usual method. Results of this study suggest that climate changes cause earlier arrival of the Common Cuckoo from the wintering place to the breeding area. Their first arrival date in northwestern Croatia has advanced (significantly) by seven days over the past 28 years. Correlation between first arrival date and average April temperature is also significant. Mean spring temperature increased significantly from 1989 to 2016. This result indicates that mean spring temperature has an influence on the date of the Common Cuckoo first arrival. For the Common Cuckoo, it is important that climate changes don’t cause significant differences in the timing of breeding between them and their host bird species.
Planning of environmentally sound forest road route using GIS & S-MCDM
Authors: Çalişkan Erhan
Published: August 2018

Šumske ceste su osnovni preduvjet za održivo upravljanje šumskim resursima. Te ceste uključuju složene inženjerske napore, jer mogu izazvati znatnu ekološku štetu šumama i uključuju vrlo skupu izgradnju. Stoga pri izrada trasa šumskih cesta, treba uzeti u obzir i utjecaj na okoliš. Da bi se to i napravilo, geografski informacijski sustav (GIS) s tehnikama prostornog višekriterijskog donošenja odluka (S-MCDM) koristan je alat za izradu modela. Jedan takav S-MCDM je prostorno-integrirana tehnika preferiranja sličnosti do idealnog rješenja (S-TOPSIS). U ovoj studiji S-TOPSIS primijenjen je za integriranje ekoloških učinaka u izradu trase šumske ceste. Korištenjem sadašnje trase šumske ceste (CFOR) te S-TOPSIS metode na temelju GIS-a, utvrđena je ekološki osjetljiva trasa šumske ceste (ESFOR) prema ekološkim kriterijima. Za usporedbu korišteno je pet ekoloških kriterija (lavina, rijeka, tlo, geologija, nagib). Rezultati dobiveni iz analiza uspoređeni su sa sadašnjom trasom šumske ceste. Dužina CFOR-a je 15.385 km dok je ESFOR utvrđen S-TOPSIS-om bio 14.385 km. Da se razlike u dužini između dviju cesta pomnože sa širinom ceste (1 km x 5 m) rezultat bi bio 0,5 ha.
Rezultati su pokazali da ova metodologija može pružiti ekološki osjetljivu mrežu cesta, te može pomoći u bržoj izradi i biti jeftinija. Ovi rezultati sugeriraju da metoda prostorne procjene višestrukim kriterijima može biti točnija u smislu izrade ekološki osjetljivih šumskih cesta u planinskim područjima.
Usporedba odumiranja stabala hrasta lužnjaka i poljskog jasena u odnosu na ekološku konstituciju vrsta
Authors: Ugarković Damir , Pleša Kristina
Published: August 2018

Pojava odumiranja stabala hrasta lužnjaka (Quercus robur L.) i poljskog jasena (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl) gospodarski je i ekološki problem. Čimbenici koji uzrokuju odumiranje stabala mogu biti biotski, stanišni i strukturni odnosno sastojinski.
Istraživanje je provedeno u gospodarskoj jedinici „Zelenika” u Posavini. Ciljevi ovog istraživanja bili su utvrditi prosječnu stopu promjene intenziteta odumiranja stabala hrasta lužnjaka i poljskog jasena, istražiti utjecaj stanišnih i strukturnih čimbenika na intenzitete odumiranja te usporediti intenzitete odumiranja hrasta lužnjaka i poljskog jasena prema dobnom razredu sastojina i mikroreljefu. Za analizu su korišteni podaci o klimi za meteorološku postaju Novska, vodostaju vodotoka Novska te podaci o razinama podzemne vode sa pjezometarske postaje „Zelenika“. Iz obrazaca O-2 Osnove gospodarenja, prikupljeni su podaci o volumenu odumrlih stabala hrasta lužnjaka i poljskog jasena te podaci o strukturnim čimbenicima. Intenziteti odumiranja izračunati su na temelju odnosa volumena odumrlih stabala po jedinici površine. S obzirom na prosječnu stopu promjene, intenziteti odumiranja hrasta lužnjaka i poljskog jasena se povećavaju. Najveći intenziteti odumiranja za obje šumske vrste su u sastojinama VI. dobnog razreda. Na osnovi provedenih istraživanja možemo zaključiti da klimatski, hidrološki i strukturni čimbenici imaju utjecaj na odumiranje hrasta lužnjaka i poljskog jasena. Hrast lužnjak osjetljiviji je na klimatske elemente u odnosu na poljski jasen. Pojava sušnih i izostanak kišnih razdoblja također značajno utječe na odumiranje. Smanjenje srednjega minimalnog vodostaja vodotoka utječe na odumiranje hrasta lužnjaka, dok smanjenje maksimalnog vodostaja vodotoka utječe na odumiranje poljskog jasena. Na intenzitete odumiranja značajno utječe pad razine podzemne vode u dubljim slojevima pedosfere. Svi strukturni čimbenici utječu na odumiranje hrasta lužnjaka, dok na odumiranje poljskog jasena značajno utječe jedino povećanje obrasti i broja stabala u sastojini.
Seed dormancy and cone and seed morphology of syrian juniper (Juniperus drupacea Labill.) in the eastern mediterranean region of Turkey
Authors: Yavuz Zeynep , Yilmaz Mustafa
Published: August 2018

Sirijska smreka, Juniperus drupacea Labill. je istočno mediteranska vrsta stabla koja pripada porodici Cupressaceae, roduJuniperoidae. J. drupacea trenutno pokriva geografsko područje južnog dijela Peloponeza u Grčkoj, južne dijelove Male Azije te sirijske i libanonske planine. Glavni dio područja te vrste u Turskoj podijeljen je na nekoliko središta, od kojih je najvažniji smješten u Taurskom gorju, Anti-Taurus gorju te planinama Amanos. Stablo je diecično, s konusnom krošnjom koja može doseći 10-20 (40) m visine. Mesnati češeri su ovalnog do okruglog oblika, 20-25 mm u promjeru, smećkasto-ljubičaste ili plavkasto-crne boje, te žućkasti i bjelkasti kada su zreli tijekom druge godine. Uglavnom imaju 3 sjemenke koje tvore karakterističnu košticu nalik na košticu koštičavog voća. Prirodna regeneracija sirijske smreke vrlo je teška zbog konzumacije od strane životinja, ispaše i sjemenki koje su objedinjene u drvenastu strukturu. Ovo je istraživanje provedeno kako bi se odredila morfologija sjemenke i češera te fiziologija sjemenke sirijske smreke, Juniperus drupacea Labill., koja potječe iz tri provincije (Kahramanmaraş, Mersin, Adana) u istočnomediteranskoj regiji Turske. Ukupno je izmjereno 11 morfoloških obilježja. Prosječna duljina češera bila je 22,49 mm, promjer češera 20,86 mm, a težina češera 4,659 g. Prosječna duljina, širina, debljina, težina sjemenke i težina pulpe sjemenke iznosile su redom 10,07 mm, 3,30 mm, 2,77 mm, 0,045 g i 2,220 g. Nakon morfološke analize, proveden je niz eksperimenata kako bi se odredila najbolja mjera stratifikacije radi prekidanja dormantnosti sjemenki sirijske smreke. Najveći postotak klijavosti dobiven je nakon tople i hladne stratifikacije (80,7%). Sjemenke koje su se prethodno hladile 8 tjedana te su namakane u 500 ppm GA3također su pokazale velik postotak klijavosti. Ovo je istraživanje također pokazalo da sjemeJ. drupaceaposjeduje morfološku dormantnost.
The effect of land use type / land cover and aspect on soil properties at the Gökdere catchment in northwestern Turkey
Authors: Göl Ceyhun , Yilmaz Hüseyin
Published: August 2018

Brojne studije pokazale su da konverzija zemljišta ima raznoliki utjecaj na svojstva tla, pa stoga daljnja istraživanja treba usmjeriti na različite ekološke regije i načine korištenja zemljišta. Ciljevi ove studije su: (1) procijeniti utjecaj korištenja zemljišta na različitim ekspozicijama (sjeverna i južna) na svojstva tla i (2) ispitati utjecaj obrade tla i ispaše na hidrološka svojstva tla. Za ispitivanje svojstva tala odabrana su tri različita načina korištenja zemljišta/vegetacijskog pokrova (LUTLC) na sjevernim i južnim padinama, a to su šuma, travnjak i obradiva površina. Uzorci tla uzeti su sa dubine od 30 cm. U uzorcima tla analizirani su sljedeći parametri: tekstura tla, gustoća tla (BD), organska tvar u tlu (SOM), pH, stabilnost agregata u vodi (WSA), kapacitet tla za vodu, točka venuća, stopa infiltracije i zasićena hidraulička provodljivost (Ks). Rezultati su pokazali da se gustoća tla (BD), stabilnost agregata u vodi (WSA), organska tvar u tlu (SOM), hidraulička provodljivost i stopa infiltracije, značajno mijenjaju s načinom korištenja zemljišta/promjenom vegetacijskog pokrova (LUTLC) te s ekspozicijom. Značajke tala na koje nepovoljno utječu obrada tla i ispaša su organska tvar u tlu (SOM), stabilnost agregata u vodi (WSA), stopa infiltracije, hidraulička provodljivost (Ks) i gustoća tla (BD). Na kraju, rezultati sugeriraju da obrada tla i prekomjerna ispaša u polu-suhom području negativno utječu na svojstva tala, te da prekomjerna ispaša šteti hidrološkim svojstvima površinskog tla.
Izbor vrsta drveća za supstituciju nasada topola uz rijeku Dravu kod Osijeka
Authors: Anić Igor , Mikac Stjepan , Ognjenović Mladen
Published: August 2018

U radu su prikazani rezultati istraživanja preživljenja i rasta nekih vrsta drveća kojima bi se u slučaju potrebe mogla obaviti zamjena topola u nasadima. Pokus je postavljen na području Šumarije Valpovo, u Gospodarskoj jedinici Valpovačke podravske šume, šumski predjel Topolje, odsjek 23a. Taj lokalitet predstavlja tipičan primjer slabog uspijevanja i odumiranja nasada topola, čak i nakon višekratnih popunjavanja sadnicama topole i njege. Pokus je postavljen po shemi slučajno-bloknog rasporeda, sa šest tretiranja u četiri bloka. Tretirani su sljedeći sastojinski oblici: A – hrast lužnjak, B – poljski jasen, C – bagrem, D – hrast lužnjak s običnim grabom, E – divlja trešnja s poljskim jasenom i F – divlja trešnja s običnim grabom. Pokus je postavljen 18. studenog 2009. godine.  Preživljenje biljaka je utvrđeno svake godine tijekom petogodišnjeg praćenja pokusa. Tijekom zime 2015. godine izmjerene su visine svih stabala te je određen prostorni položaj živih i odumrlih jedinki po plohicama. S obzirom na preživljenje i visine kao indikatore rasta i razvoja biljaka, najbolje su rezultate pokazali redom obični bagrem, poljski jasen i hrast lužnjak. Najlošije rezultate postigli su divlja trešnja i obični grab. S obzirom na mikroreljef, najbolje preživljenje je pokazao obični bagrem koji podjednako dobro raste u nizi i na gredi. Poljski jasen i hrast lužnjak bolje preživljenje imaju u nizi. Divlja trešnja i obični grab imaju općenito loše preživljenje, neovisno o mikroreljefu. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su kako je nasade topola u promijenjenim stanišnim prilikama nakon višekratnih ophodnji moguće zamijeniti sa sastojinom koja svojim sastojinskim oblikom odgovara terminalnoj šumskoj zajednici istraživanoga podučja – veza i poljskog jasena s hrastom lužnjakom (Fraxino-Ulmetum laevis Slavnić 1952). Postupku treba prethoditi izrada detaljnog šumskouzgojnog plana, koji bi između ostalog definirao područja niza i greda u određenom odjelu. Nize i vlažne grede treba prepustiti poljskom jasenu koji je pokazao vrlo dobre rezultate u pokusu. Hrast lužnjak je pokazao zavidnu stabilnost i vitalitet, pa ga treba upotrebljavati u smjesi s poljskim jasenom. Obični bagrem preporuča se za najsuše lokalitete s pjeskovitim tlima koja su naglo ostala bez podzemne i poplavne vode, na kojima nema uvjeta za nastavak uzgajanja topola.
Abundance of bank vole (Myodes glareolus Schreb.) as an indicative factor of different forest structure and management in the Drava plain region
Authors: Horváth Győző F. , Tóth Dániel
Published: August 2018

Očuvanje bioraznolikosti u šumama u kojima se provodi gospodarenje moguće je pod uvjetom da se razmotri koliko su šumarski zahvati (završna sječa ili sječa radi obnavljanja) u skladu s prirodnim procesima degradacije i prirodne dinamike u šumskim staništima. S obzirom da sitni sisavci djeluju na povećanje bioraznolikosti i funkcionalne kompleksnosti šumskih ekosustava, koriste se kao važan elemenat za izradu modela u istraživanju utjecaja šumarskih zahvata, fragmentacije i degradacije na različita šumska staništa.
Šumska voluharica (Myodes glareolus Schreb.) česta je vrsta glodavca u šumama u aluvijalnoj nizini rijeke Drave. Istraživali smo razlike u demografskoj strukturi, prostorne i sezonalne razlike u vjerojatnosti ulova i ponovnog ulova te gustoću populacija ove vrste u različitim staništima. Monitoring popu­lacije sitnih sisavaca proveden je tijekom četiri mjeseca, od srpnja do listopada 2007. godine u okviru Hrvatsko-Mađarskog prekograničnog programa (DRAVA-INTERECO). Pritom su korištene metode hvatanje-obilježavanje-ponovno hvatanje (CMR) opisane u protokolu Horváth & Kovačić (2007). Izlovljavanje je provedeno u tri šumska staništa različite strukture: u Mađarskoj u šumi Lankoci na dva lokaliteta (stara, zaštićena šuma i pošumljeno stanište), u Hrvatskoj u šumi Repaš (gospodarena šuma).
Prema CMR metodi određena su tri parametra (čimbenika): ukupan broj ulova (ni), broj ponovnih ulova (ri), broj ulovljenih jedinki (mi). Razlike u uspjehu ponovnog ulova testirali smo prema udjelu ponovnog ulova (rr%).
Šumska voluharica je bila eudominantna vrsta na sva tri staništa. Uzorkovanjem provedenim tijekom četiri mjeseca na trima šumskim lokalitetima ukupno je obilježeno 740 jedinki šumske voluharice. Ukupan broj ulova bio je 1401, a ponovnih ulova bilo je 661. Parametri uspjeha ponovnog ulova razlikovali su se na tri istraživana staništa i mijenjali su se tijekom sezone. Za procjenu i uspoređenje parametara populacija šumske voluharice koristili smo Jolly-Seber model, POPAN formulu. Prilikom selekcije modela, prva dva najbolje odgovarajuća modela potvrdili su našu hipotezu, prema kojoj gustoća populacija i preživljavanje ove vrste ovise od starosti i strukture šumskih staništa. Prema naj­boljem modelu procijenjeno preživljavanje u starijoj sastojini zaštićene šume bilo je signifikantno veće nego u pošumljenoj sastojini. Drugi model je pokazao da je procijenjena vrijednost superpopulacije bila najveća u starijoj sastojini zaštićene šume.
Ovi rezultati su potvrdili da je stara, zaštićena šuma najpogodnije stanište za šumsku voluharicu, čije populacije brzo reagiraju na promjene u strukturi staništa uzrokovane gospodarenjem, te da se ova vrsta može koristiti kao indikator.
A enfermagem do ponto de vista empreendedor
Authors: Brum Zaléia Prado de Prado , Moura Jade de Medeiros
Published: August 2018

RESUMO

Objetivo: investigar como acontece o processo de empreendedorismo na área de enfermagem. Métodos:O estudo é de abordagem qualitativa do tipo descritivo. A amostra constitui-se de 3 enfermeiros empreendedores. A coleta dos dados foi por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada, realizada no segundo semestre do ano de 2015. Análise dos dados: Os dados convergiram para a obtenção de cinco categorias temáticas: motivação para inserir-se no cenário do empreendedorismo; dificuldades encontradas para empreender na carreira profissional; benefícios envolvidos na arte de empreender; empreendedorismo na enfermagem; a formação acadêmica como diferencial competitivo. Considerações finais: o estudo mostra que o empreendedorismo na enfermagem possibilita o empoderamento do enfermeiro.

 

Descritores: Autonomia profissional; Enfermagem; Serviços de enfermagem; Mercado de trabalho.
O Estresse na equipe de enfermagem em unidades de urgência e emergência
Authors: Soares Narciso Vieira , Pazdziora Rosana Inês Zorzo , De Melo Camila Mumbach , Pizzol Cindy Dal , Kochhann Janaína Kunzler
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: identificar fatores geradores de estresse na equipe de enfermagem atuante em unidade de emergência hospitalar. Método: Estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa. Entrevistou-se dez técnicos de enfermagem e dois enfermeiros atuantes em uma unidade de urgência e emergência no período de outubro a novembro de 2010. Resultados: Os dados foram submetidos a análise de conteúdo, emergindo três categorias. A primeira enfoca a presença de familiares no ambiente de trabalho como fatores estressores na equipe. Na segunda categoria são abordados aspectos relacionados ao medo do desconhecido, do inesperado gerando estresse no trabalho; e, na terceira, descrevem-se as interrelações decorrentes do processo de trabalho geradoras de estresse na equipe. Conclusão: O estudo mostra a relevância da temática relativa à saúde mental dos trabalhadores da equipe de enfermagem em urgência e emergência. Assim, poderão adotar estratégias que visam melhorar as condições de trabalho dos profissionais da equipe de enfermagem, priorizando o cuidado dos trabalhadores em busca da qualidade de vida.

 

Descritores: Enfermagem, Esgotamento profissional, Cuidados de Enfermagem.
DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT THE ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT OF TOURISM-HEALTH SPHERE OF ODESSA UR�AN AGLOMERATION
Authors: Bulysheva D.V. , Nichitailova M.S. , Malashchuk O.S.
Published: August 2018

In the process of an integrated approach to the formation of economic relations of ecological management of the tourism and resort industry, it is necessary to determine type, features and prospects of the use of appropriate natural resources. The natural resources management system should be considered and studied, on the basis of which the tools for improvement of the institutional basis for the development of the natural resources management system, taking into account assimilation potential, ecological capacity and man-caused and anthropogenic load on the corresponding resources, should be taken into account. Particular attention is needed to the system of management of recreational territories of urban agglomerations as a complex dynamic system, which is simultaneously a place to meet the needs of the population, the economic basis and the object of implementation of environmental functions. The purpose of the study is to determine the ways of development and proposals for improving the institutional principles of environmental management of recreational territories of urban agglomerations taking into account the peculiarities of forms of ownership of natural resources.It is determined that ecologization ensures mutually consistent development of functions of recreational activity, which in suburban areas is characterized by simultaneous economic, socio-cultural and methodical-biological functions.The main directions of the state ecological management of recreational nature use are determined, the basic mechanisms and tools of improvement of ecological management of recreational territories of urban agglomerations are offered.It is proved that ecological management is an important element of ecologization of tourism and recreation sphere. The research of the state of the tourist and resort industry was conducted and it was determined that the present stage of their development should be connected with the transition to the process of ecologization of management and implementation of the strategy of sustainable development. The ecological management tools have been researched and it is proved that an important condition for ecologization of the tourism and recreation sphere is to reconcile it with the existing conditions, requirements and needs of the population.
METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF DEFINITION OF EFFICIENCY OF INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS ON THE BASIS OF COST-NORMATIVE VALUE
Authors: Bereza I.V.
Published: August 2018

The methodical approaches to cost management in the organization of work on the reconstruction and overhaul of railway buildings and structures on the basis of the cost-standard method with the use of the method of estimating the cost of the life cycle as an economic analysis of the total expenses for the performance of repair and construction works are developed and proposed. For the implementation of local estimated estimates of the cost of reconstruction and overhaul of railway structures on the basis of normative and technical documentation and initial data (on the design of the building or structure, the machine complex and the length of time provided for the works ("window" or "closed transfer")), according to collections of estimated standards, the selection of appropriate prices for the complexes of works in the technological sequence, the corresponding version of work execution is carried out. In order to account for additional costs to individual prices, correction factors are used in accordance with the conditions of their application and are stipulated in the general provisions of the relevant price lists. The estimated cost of work on the railways of railways and structures is determined by the basic-index method. Data on the resources obtained from the estimated calculations for the considered options, make it possible to compare resource indicators in both quantitative and cost terms and determine the maximum values for the main elements of expenditure that can be used in additional conditions, at the option of an economically feasible option of repair- construction works. Proceeding from the above developed methodology for calculating the normative estimated cost of work on RCR railway buildings and structures on the basis of a normative method using the author's developed methodological recommendations for the formation of cost-regulatory documents and current indexes of change in the estimated cost of articles and elements of expenditure.
Financiamiento y mercado
Authors: Rojas Álvaro
Published: August 2018

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Perfeccionamiento: capacitación, formación y actualización de los profesores de la educación superior.
Authors: Badenier Osvaldo
Published: August 2018

The massive inflow of students to higher education and the need for universities to keep watch over the quality of training in a highly diverse system in terms of the establishments, the students and the academic contents, are particularly important with regard to teaching, especially the type of teaching that is linked to the teaching and learning of professional skills. For this same reason, higher education institutions must not only be concerned with achieving excellence through the academic degrees obtained by the academicians in their respective fields, but â€“above allâ€“ they must pay attention to the pedagogical training and skills upgrading of their teaching staff. The reason is that the new teaching methods require as much or even more training and laboriousness than those deemed sufficient up to now in the traditional teaching system.
La docencia en educación superior.Hacia una comunidad educativa.
Authors: Irigoin María
Published: August 2018

This paper addresses aspects of teaching in higher education based on a specific statement of its value and on hopeful signs for its further development. A continuum could be built starting from those who view teaching as a "necessary evilâ€, that enables them to do research in peace, through to growing groups of academicians who acknowledge the need for higher level teaching coupled with the development of science and technology in terms of its design, implementation and evaluation of its outcomes. Teaching and technology information computer systems (TICs) as well as the claims of teachers who dare to innovate, are the high points in a framework where the importance of the major questions on curricula and curricular design are acknowledged, as is the use of appropriate technology, which cannot become an end in itself.
Observatorio del empleo.
Authors: Armanet Pilar
Published: August 2018

In recent decades, higher education (HE) in Chile has experienced a profound changeÂ in addition to a highly significant expansion in the coverage provided. This has givenÂ rise to concern over the relative value of HE. The existence of a constantly changingÂ job market makes both descriptive information and projective information on jobs aÂ key element for the HE system. Therefore, the Ministry of Education is implementing aÂ project known as the "Job observatoryâ€. This will help generate detailed, complete,Â projective and readily accessible information on the supply of graduates and theÂ occupationalÂ  demand for HE graduates to aid individuals,organizations and the State inÂ their respective decision making processes. The outcome of the project referred toabove will be a regular publication entitled "Manual on Professional occupationsâ€.
Nuevos requisitos para el perfil del ejecutivo actual.
Authors: Mujica Alfonso
Published: August 2018

Requirements to hold executive positions in companies and organizations have undergone a radical change in the last decades -particularly in the past few years. They increasingly and significantly tend to include factors involving the individuals' personal qualities, such as integrity, leadership capabilities, social skills and ability to exert influence, in addition to productivity and energy, self-control and perseverance, as well as a balanced and consistent personality. This does not mean that the importance of knowledge has diminished, since it is the basis of learning. This raises a challenge for universities, that calls for more than a simple change in curricula andrequires, instead, a change in teaching methods. Workshops and repetitive exercises are irreplaceable when the desired outcome is a change in habits.
DUOC UC: una experiencia en la formación técnica y profesional.
Authors: Von Chrismar Marcelo , Valdés Francisco
Published: August 2018

One of the obstacles to development faced by Chile is,undoubtedly, the lowproductivity of labor and the lack of a timely inclusion of new technologies to all theÂ activities conducted in the country. Higher education centers have a dutyto make aÂ contribution in both espects, by preparing technicaland professional cadres, who will beÂ responsible for directing the process of producing goods and services in the country.The educational model implemented by DuocUC is aimed at training studentsfor the world of work through programs designed especially to achieve laborcompetency. For this purpose, it relies on the advice of the Consejos empresarialesÂ (Business Councils), formed by people directly related to activities in which future graduates will work.Â The theoreticalknowledge that these students acquire, together with a practicalapplication of what theyhave learned in laboratories that allowsimulating the reality they will find in the world of work, providesÂ a guarantee of experience in the use of current technologies.
Estadística de la educación superior en Chile. Análisis de la década 1990-2000.
Authors: Persico Pablo
Published: August 2018

The past decade has been a highly dynamic period for higher education in Chile, asÂ evidenced by the numerous institutions that have emerged in this field, in theirÂ composition, the number of students enrolled and in the changes experienced in theÂ preferences of applicants for different areas of knowledge. The foregoing emphasizesÂ the consolidation of the category called "Universityâ€.The changes experienced by the tertiary education system should, on the onehand, act as a warning to the education authorities, in order to implement specificÂ public policies to stimulate special areas of knowledge and, on the other hand,Â encourage educational centers to re-orient what they are offering in terms ofeducation.
Diversidad de la oferta de carreras y de la matrícula de primer año en diversas áreas temáticas.
Authors: Paulus Nelson
Published: August 2018

This paper describes how the number of study programs offered in different subjectÂ areas has evolved, as has enrolment in the first year of these education programsÂ during the period 1997- 2001. Over and above the natural increases and decreasesÂ that may be observed, the paper tries to show the different dynamic trends developedÂ in the various thematic areas by making comparisons between different influentialÂ variables such as supervision systems, the region where certain education programsÂ are offered, and the type of educational establishment offering the programs.
La calidad de la educación: la cuarta vía para el desarrollo económico.
Authors: Marcherone Rafael
Published: August 2018

Based on the evidence from several studies, the paper emphasizes the importance of looking to the quality of education as the true engine of economic development. It points out that societies that fail to follow adequate policies in educational matters run serious risks of losing competitiveness, submerging themselves indefinitely in underdevelopment and widening the gap with developed countries. Some noteworthy measures seeking to promote the quality of the educational systems include: resultsoriented systems in the sense of enhancing the assessment of students, teachers and educational centers; reinforcing the opportunity of quality for all, due to the major differences in academic and work performance resulting from current disparities in terms of quality; greater flexibility and opening up of the curricula in order to develop the competencies required by the new era of learning and, finally, policies aimed at raising the social status of teachers.
La formación de profesionales y la misión de la Universidad: políticas académicas de la Universidad Diego Portales.
Authors: León José Julio , Morales Raquel
Published: August 2018

Starting from the University's generic mission, the demands posed by the overall context and the new challenges faced by universities, the paper describes in broad terms the academic policies of the Universidad Diego Portales, emphasizing its educational role. After listing the general objectives that guide the academic functions of the University, the paper explains the main components of these policies: comprehensive education, curricular flexibility, methodological innovation, academic assessment, enhanced development and tools for academic management. The conclusion, consistent with the "idea" of a University as a "constant search", is that the objective is to educate students who are more independent, critical, creative and who have more self-esteem. In short, the idea is to educate students in and for freedom.