bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The granger causality relationship between human development and economic growth
Authors: Ozturk Serdar , Suluk Seher
Published: October 2020

The Human Development Index (HDI), which measures a country’s human development level, considering the health, education and income indicators of countries has been published in the Human Development Report each year since 1990 by the United Nations Development Programme. Norway, which is a highly developed country, was at the top of the Human Development Index. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate Norway’s human development performance. In this context, the relationship between human development and economic growth has been examined at empirical level for Norway for the period between 1990-2017. In the study, firstly, ADF and PP unit root tests were performed. Then, Granger causality analysis was applied. According to the results of Granger causality analysis there is a one-way causality relationship from human development to economic growth.
Financial Technology (Fintech) and cybersecurity
Authors: Al Duhaidahawi Hayder M. Kareem , Zhang Jing , Abdulreda Mustafa S. , Sebai Meriem , Harjan Sinan
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we investigate the definition of Fintech and measure the extent of the impact of Fintech variables on the Cybersecurity as the dependent variable. The hypotheses developed by the authors which are based on research through the statistical results of the research variables and as all correlation coefficients were a positive relationship and at the level of significance 0.01 which made the authors accept the correlation hypotheses, and for the results of the influence factor between the research variables it also had a positive effect when the level of 0.05 for all sections of the independent variable, as we have also noticed that the influence of the independent variable of financial technology when linked to all of its sections with Cybersecurity. We find the influence of the influence coefficient significantly increased to 0.908, which explains that there is a complementarity between the sections of the independent variable.
Key adaptations of SME restaurants in Malaysia amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lai Hao Bin Jack , Zainal Abidin Muhammad Rezza , Hasni Muhamad Zulfikri , Ab Karim Muhammad Shahrim , Che Ishak Farah Adibah
Published: October 2020

SME restaurants have reported declined earnings and faced challenges to remain open during the Movement Control Order (MCO) period imposed by the Malaysian government due to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. SME decision-makers were observed to be making changes regarding their day-to-day operations and management strategies to mitigate MCO restrictions. This paper aims to review the significant adaptations made by SME restaurants in Malaysia throughout the MCO period. Three (3) prominent areas of adaptations made by decision-makers have been identified based upon ceaseless news reports and media contents. The adaptations made commonly depict actions to (i) Nurture Creativity, (ii) Sustain Reputation, and (iii) Maintain Profitability. The outcomes of this paper provide essential survival guides for SME restauranteurs to embrace the COVID-19 outbreak. These can be helpful to related policy and decision-makers to implement the crucial traits of SME restaurants to reduce the impact on SME restaurants for the foreseeable future.
Ethical considerations of the Andrra Qielli “sting” by Albana Berisha Qehaja
Authors: Teixeira da Silva Jaime A.
Published: October 2020

This letter examines the ethics of a “sting” paper submitted by Dr. Albana Berisha Qehaja, a faculty member of the Department of Management and Informatics, Faculty of Economy, University of Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo. In that paper, which stung this journal, IJRBS, Dr. Qehaja created a fake paper, with a fake name and fake institutional affiliation, as well as specially crafted email and ORCID accounts to masquerade the identity of the true author of the fake paper, namely Dr. Qehaja. Such behavior is not only an act of extreme scholarly malpractice, it is one of the most unethical behaviors in academic publishing because it violates all of the journal’s and international ethics’ practices for submission of a paper to a journal. Other academics thinking of employing such unethical tactics for any publishing-related objective should reconsider their options and carefully calculate the ethical, legal, and possibly criminal consequences of such actions
AVALIAÇÃO DO ÁCIDO PERACÉTICO COMO LARVICIDA DE Aedes aegypti
Authors: De Brito Vasconcelos Roberta , Dias Carlos Thayrine , De Souza Aguiar Raimundo Wagner , Cavallini Grasiele Soares
Published: October 2020

A proliferação do Aedes aegypti é motivo de preocupação para o Brasil nas últimas décadas, e o seu difícil controle pode ser atribuído as adaptações ambientais sofridas pela espécie no decorrer destes anos. A possibilidade de reprodução do inseto em águas residuárias motiva os estudos que relacionam a sua proliferação em Estações de Tratamento de Esgoto (ETE), devido a frequente presença de lagoas de estabilização, as quais armazenam grandes volumes de água com baixa movimentação. Neste sentido, o presente estudo propõe a avaliação de um desinfetante não clorado, o ácido peracético (APA), como larvicida. Os resultados demonstraram que dosagens de 71,19 mg.L-1, são capazes de desempenhar efeito letal em 95% das larvas, e ainda, proporcionar a oxigenação do efluente. Os estudos também demonstraram que a possibilidade de eclosão dos ovos do mosquito em águas residuárias é real, o que consolida a necessidade de estudos voltados ao controle da proliferação do mosquito em ETE. Ainda vale ressaltar que a utilização de larvicidas clorados na presença de matéria orgânica são comprovadamente precursores de compostos carcinogênicos que representam impactos ao corpo hídrico receptor e riscos à saúde humana, sendo assim, a utilização de compostos alternativos ao cloro é de grande relevância para o saneamento ambiental.
IMPLICAÇÕES DA ECONOMIA SOLIDÁRIA PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO SOCIAL
Authors: Noleto de Macedo Jayrton , Biazussi Montanuci Pietra Sally , Ferreira Gecilane
Published: October 2020

A economia solidária (ES) possui o intuito de gerar o incremento de valores equitativos e redes de comércios, tendendo buscar os benefícios do desenvolvimento produtivo, de forma que tudo seja dividido entre os participantes dessa prática. A ES é uma ação que visa promover a acessibilidade social às pequenas comunidades e com isso, implica em promover o desenvolvimento na perspectiva do teórico Amartya Sen (2000). Objetiva o presente artigo analisar de que forma a economia solidária toca o desenvolvimento. Metodologicamente, fez-se um levantamento bibliográfico por meio do método dedutivo. A ES possui forte influência no desenvolvimento social porque suas características consistem em valorizar socialmente os indivíduos trabalhadores, satisfazendo as necessidades de todos; incentivar a criatividade tecnológica; reconhecer o lugar fundamental da mulher e do feminino numa economia fundada na solidariedade; buscar a relação de intercâmbio respeitoso com a natureza; promover os valores da cooperação e da solidariedade. Foi possível perceber que a ES se mostra como uma boa alternativa para promover o desenvolvimento social e econômico em pequenas comunidades. A prática proporciona benefícios diversos a população, meio ambiente e economia local. Consequentemente, busca sanar as vulnerabilidades de grupos sociais, muitas vezes esquecidos e desvalorizados.
ANÁLISE DAS TRANSFORMAÇÕES AMBIENTAIS DA PORÇÃO CENTRAL DO ESTADO DO TOCANTINS: ÊNFASE NOS ASPECTOS DE USO E OCUPAÇÃO DA TERRA NO MUNICÍPIO DE BREJINHO DE NAZARÉ
Authors: Da Silva Noleto José Paulo , Vargas de Cristo Sandro Sidnei
Published: October 2020

O presente trabalho refere-se à análise das transformações ambientais da porção central do estado do Tocantins, dando-se ênfase aos aspectos de Uso e Ocupação da Terra do município de Brejinho de Nazaré entre os anos de 1985 a 2018. Neste sentido tem como principal objetivo verificar as transformações que ocorreram no ambiente do município em questão, relacionados aos diferentes modos de Uso e Ocupação da Terra. Como método optou-se pelas técnicas de Sensoriamento Remoto onde fez-se uso de imagens de satélites Landsat, sensor TM (Thematic Mapper) dos anos de 1985, 1995 e 2005 e do sensor OLI (Operational Land Imager) dos anos de 2015,e 2018 ambas com resolução espacial de 30 metros, obtidas gratuitamente via site do USGS - United States Geological Survey. Os softwares utilizados foram QGIS versão 2.18.2, Spring versão 5.5 do INPE e o ArcGis Desktop versão 10.5.1 da ESRI. De maneira geral, os resultados proporcionaram a observação de significativas transformações ambientais que ocorreram no município em decorrência do Uso e Ocupação da Terra, destacando-se principalmente a redução da vegetação de Cerrado em prol das atividades agropecuárias desenvolvidas. Destaca-se também a importância do uso das técnicas de Sensoriamento Remoto para analisar a evolução das transformações ambientais e os aspectos de Uso e Ocupação da Terra como ferramenta de gestão ambiental e planejamento de uso.
PIRÓLISE COMO ROTA TECNOLÓGICA PARA APROVEITAMENTO ENERGÉTICO DE BIOMASSAS: PREPARO, PRODUÇÃO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE BIOÓLEO DE BABAÇU (Orbignya phalerata Martius)
Authors: Fanslau Pedro Henrique , Eliza Gama Vieira Gláucia , Gualberto Zavarize Danilo , De Sousa José Fernandes
Published: October 2020

O Babaçu (Orbignya phalerata Martius) é uma fruta nativa do Brasil, encontrada principalmente nas regiões Norte e Nordeste do país, e também em países que compõem a região Amazônica como a Bolívia, Colômbia e Suriname. A biomassa dessa fruta contém uma diversidade de componentes orgânicos lignocelulósicos, amiláceos e oleaginosos, com grande potencial para obtenção de biocombustíveis. Para tanto, busca-se por rotas tecnológicas de aproveitamento de biomassa como o processo de pirólise, uma técnica promissora capaz de gerar bio-produtos com notável potencial energético. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo aborda o preparo da biomassa e a produção e caracterização do bio-óleo de babaçu, obtido por meio da técnica de pirólise a partir de diferentes partes da fruta. O bio-produto obtido apresentou características como solubilidade, índice de acidez, pH, densidade, viscosidade, corrosividade e poder calorifico superior dentro dos padrões básicos para produção de biocombustíveis como biodiesel, o que indica o potencial de uso dessa matéria-prima.
LEVANTAMENTO ETNOFARMACOLÓGICO DAS PLANTAS MEDICINAIS UTILIZADAS NO MUNICÍPIO DE TOCANTINÓPOLIS – TO
Authors: Martins Maria Laura , Santos Klismam Marques dos , Nobre L. do Nascimento Guilherme
Published: October 2020

A terapêutica com plantas medicinais são o que muitas pessoas e comunidades têm como alternativa viável para tratamento de doenças e prevenção à saúde, em vista disso observasse crescente aceitação da fitoterapia por profissionais de saúde da atenção básica assim como a observação do aumento de seu uso pela população. Dessa forma as investigações etnofarmacológicas e etnobotânicas têm sido a principal abordagem reconhecida por cientistas em todo o mundo, como uma estratégia de seleção de plantas medicinais. As qualidades e eficancia dessas abordagens já foram discutidas, restando poucas dúvidas de seu potencial e impactos biológicos, econômicos e sociais. O presente estudo teve como objetivo registrar o conhecimento popular das plantas medicinais utilizadas pela população do município de Tocantinopolis - TO, verificando a indicações terapêuticas, parte utilizada e o modo de preparo das plantas citadas. A coleta de dados foi realizada de acordo com a metodologia adaptada de Albuquerque & Hanazaki (2006), através de entrevistas estruturadas, abordando indivíduos residentes no município de Tocantinópolis. Foram registradas 34 espécies de plantas medicinais no município de Tocantinopolis, tendo com parte mais utilizada a folha das plantas e modo preparo utilizado chá. Foram relatadas diversas indicações terapêuticas, sendo as indicações de maior prevalência analgésica 17,64%, tosse 11,76%, anti-inflamatório 11,76%, má digestão 11,76%, sendo as demais indicações com menor ocorrência.
A PERMANÊNCIA NO ENSINO SUPERIOR: UM ESTUDO SOBRE A REALIDADE DOS UNIVERSITÁRIOS DA UFT DESDE A PERSPECTIVA DA SUBJETIVIDADE
Authors: Silva Soares de Sousa Katerine , Patiño Torres José Fernando
Published: October 2020

O presente trabalho visa compreender os aspectos que envolvem a permanência no ensino superior com enfoque nas experiências subjetivas, assumindo uma perspectiva crítica sobre como os estudantes universitários têm vivenciado o processo de formação. Com esse propósito, foi realizado uma articulação teórica e em seguida, partiu-se para o levantamento de dados bibliográficos a partir da Teoria da Subjetividade de González Rey sob uma perspectiva sócio histórica. Em termos metodológicos, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa que levou em conta três critérios epistemológicos fundamentais: o valor da singularidade dos participantes; a dialogicidade no trabalho de campo; e as construções interpretativas de natureza crítica e desnaturalizadora da realidade estudada. Para isso, foram convidados discentes universitários de vários cursos, os quais participaram de entrevistas individuais e grupos focais. Na discussão dos resultados, consideramos os aspectos subjetivos que levam o sujeito a permanecer ou não dentro deste contexto, incluindo relatos de vivência e as diferentes formas de subjetivação, aspectos estes, fundamentais para promover reflexões e estratégias que reconheçam o sujeito em sua integralidade em todos os aspectos que se relacionam com as diferentes dos processos humanos, elencando alguns pontos principais, tais como o distanciamento da família, a constituição dos laços sociais e a paixão pelo conhecimento.
O ENSINO DE LÍNGUA MATERNA NA CONTEMPORANEIDADE ANTE A TRADIÇÃO GRAMATICAL ESCOLAR E A ANÁLISE LINGUÍSTICA
Authors: Dos Santos Costa Lucas , De Assis Alves Araujo Marcilene
Published: October 2020

Quando se fala da baixa proficiência linguística de alunos brasileiros, se reacendem debates antigos acerca da distância existente, ainda, entre a prática pedagógica e os novos paradigmas embasados nas novas teorias, oficializados nacionalmente. Parte desse desacerto pode ser compreendido por meio da aproximação ao conhecimento histórico da disciplina curricular Língua Portuguesa, na qual coexistem a Tradição Gramatical (TG) escolar e a Análise Linguística (AL).  Em vista disso, propomos contextualizar o ensino de língua materna na contemporaneidade, diante da questão do embate entre a TG escolar e a prática de AL, por meio de estudo bibliográfico. Cada período histórico-ideológico, marcado por uma concepção de linguagem, teve a sua legitimidade e importância no tempo e contribuiu para os avanços das conquistas que, paulatinamente, vêm sendo alcançadas na renovação do ensino de português. Este trabalho possibilitou compreender a existência de aspectos da atuação docente na contemporaneidade; além das possíveis causas da permanência de velhas práticas descontextualizadas e normativistas que se revelaram ineficientes para o desenvolvimento da competência comunicativa do aluno.
STORAGE TECHNIQUES OF CEMPAKA WASIAN (Magnolia tsiampaca (Miq.) Dandy) SEEDS
Authors: Irawan Arif , Nurul Hidayah Hanif , Kinho Julianus , E. Halawane Jafred
Published: October 2020

Cempaka wasian is a type of woody tree which has a substantial historical value associated with the local culture of the Minahasan people. The improvement of cempaka wasian plantation is essential due to their enormous importance and usage. This study aims to discover the impacts of duration, storage room, and containers used for the appropriate storage of cempaka wasian seeds. The design used in this study is entirely randomized design organized with a factorial pattern which consists of 3 factors; 1) storage duration, 2) storage room and 3) storage containers. Duration of storage was 2, 3, 4, and 5 months; meanwhile, storage rooms comprised of refrigerators, chambers, and air-conditioned room. Moreover, storing containers consisted of calico cloth, aluminium foils, and plastic bags. The study finding indicates that the seeds of cempaka wasian could still germinate if stored for five months by using plastics bags inside refrigerators. A significant provision of seeds and suitable timing are closely related to the proper seed storage techniques.
CHEMICAL AND ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES OF BEKAI (Pycnarrhena tumefacta Miers) LEAVES FOR FLAVOURING AGENT (BIO-VETSIN)
Authors: Maharani Rizki , Fernandes Andrian , Turjaman Maman , Kuspradini Harlinda , Lukmandaru Ganis
Published: October 2020

The "tasty" cuisine tends to use chemical flavour agent containing monosodium glutamate (M.S.G.). M.S.G. utilizations, in long-term, may cause health problems, especially triggering cancer cells. Therefore necessary to introducing and increasing a natural flavouring agent to eliminate those health problem, such as bekai leaf. Bekai (Pycnarrhena tumefacta Miers) is familiar as a natural flavour agent (bio-vetsin) in cuisine for forest communities in Nyapa Indah Village, Berau, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. However, until now there has been no proper analysis support for widespread utilization of bekai leaf. This paper studies the presence of phytochemicals, antioxidant and GC MS analysis from bekai leaf extracts, as well as five hedonic classifications of organoleptic test, to reinforce the need for a better understanding of consumers reaction in terms of possible acceptance of additional bekai leaves applied in soup as bio-vetsin. Present study showed that the qualitative screening of phytochemical compounds in bekai leaves ethanolic extracts revealed presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and steroids. Antioxidants of bekai leaves using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) method showed that concentrated extract has 80.1%, which predicted can improve immune for inhibitory action of cancer cells. GC MS analysis suspected that bekai leaf extract contained 5 (five) major compounds, i.e. oxirane dodecyl, gamma sitosterol, vitamin E (α tokoferol), 9.12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (natural linoleic acid), and 3-Tetradecanynoic acid (myristic acid). These chemical compound in related with their phytochemical were predicted to contained strong antioxidant activities and some of them commonly used as flavour agent in cuisine for some food industries. Meanwhile, results of organoleptic tests presence in three soup variant have been provided that soup with additional Bekai leaves has best acceptance in the children's perception due to it has an unique smell, tasty and no colour changing compared with M.S.G. added and control. Thus bekai leaf can be used as an innovation for healthy food and new market opportunities for M.S.G. substitutes.
REMOTE SENSING FOR URBAN TREE CANOPY CHANGE DETECTION WITH LANDSAT SATELLITE DATA IN NNAMDI AZIKIWE UNIVERSITY AWKA – NIGERIA
Authors: Agbo Ogbodo John , M. Obimdike Loretta , Benison Yason
Published: October 2020

Urban tree canopy within a university boundary is a measure of the university's tree cover as a percentage of its total land area. The overall objective of the present study is to conduct a sSpatio-temporal change analysis of urban tree canopy in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka-Nigeria. Landsat data of years 1991, 2001, 2011 and 2019 were analysed using Maximum Likelihood Classifier and Confusion Matrix Spatial Analyst in ArcGIS 10.7.1 software. In terms of tree cover loss, there is a steady rate of decrease rate from -31.59 Hectares (ha) between 1991 and 2001; -82.32 ha (2001/2011) and -64.53 ha (2011/2019). Whereas, at an initial land area of 9.40 ha in 1991, physical infrastructural development is progressively increased with 16.92 ha between 1991 and 2001; 43.79 ha 2001/2011 and 12.37 ha between 2011 and 2019. The dominant drivers of tree cover change in the study area related to the expansion of physical infrastructures and sprawling agriculture as a result of encroachers into the study area. In conclusion, tropical forests within university campuses face many threats, such as those posed by unregulated physical infrastructural development and a lack of investment and management of forest relics. As a recommendation, Nigerian universities should invest and conserve their existing forested landscapes towards promoting land resources in line with Sustainable Development Goals number 15 (SDG-15) strategies.
Metode Pembelajaran Keterampilan Berbicara Bahasa Arab di MAN 1 Metro, Lampung
Authors: Nurul Daroeni  , Walfajri  , Khotijah
Published: October 2020

This study aims to determine how the learning method is a very important factor in learning foreign language speaking skills, especially Arabic. The method used in this research is the descriptive qualitative method. The object of this research is Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) 1 Metro, Lampung. Meanwhile, the instruments in this study were interviews and literature studies. It can be noted that the learning method greatly influences the learning process and outcomes. The results of this study indicate that the learning method used in MAN 1 Metro, Lampung, is the direct method (mubāsharah). The effectiveness and efficiency of this method can be proven in learning activities for vocabulary development, the practice of Arabic in daily communication, the practice of Arabic speech, and Arabic drama, and the use of Arabic vocabulary in public facilities. However, this is also not free from inhibiting factors, namely the background of educators who do not have an Arabic education background and a lack of competence as an Arabic teacher, students who are less motivated in learning Arabic, the background of students who do not understand Arabic, as well as teaching materials that are less relevant for students to use in learning Arabic speaking skills.
Application value of tissue tuberculosis antigen combined with Xpert MTB/RIF detection in differential diagnoses of intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn’s disease
Authors: Fei Baoying , Zhou Lin , Zhang Yu , Luo Linhe , Chen Yuanyuan
Published: October 2020

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the value of Xpert MTB/RIF assay and detection of additional Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) species antigens from intestinal tissue samples in differentiating intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) from Crohn’s disease (CD).Methods: Several clinical specimens of intestinal tissue obtained by either endoscopic biopsy or surgical excision were used for mycobacteriologic solid cultures ,Xpert MTB/RIF assays , immunohistochemistry, and histological examinations. Four antigens (38KDa, ESAT-6, MPT64, and Ag85 complex) of MTBC in the intestinal tissue were detected by immunohistochemical analysis.Results: The study included 42 patients with ITB and 46 with CD. Perianal lesions and longitudinal ulcers were more common in patients with CD, while caseating granuloma and annular ulcers were more common in patients with ITB. The positive rate of MTBC detected by Xpert MTB/RIF in intestinal tissues of patients with ITB was 33.33%, which was significantly higher than that in patients with CD and that detected using acid-fast staining smears. It was also higher than that detected by tissue MTBC culture, but the difference was not statistically significant.The positive MPT64 expression rate in patients with ITB was 40.48%, which was significantly higher than that observed in patients with CD. The sensitivity of parallelly combined detection of tuberculosis protein MPT64 and Xpert MTB/RIF in diagnosing ITB was 50.0%.Conclusions: The detection of Xpert MTB/RIF in intestinal tissue is a rapid and useful method for establishing an early diagnosis of ITB. The detection of MTBC using Xpert MTB/RIF and MPT64 antigen in intestinal tissues has a definitive value in the differential diagnosis ofITB and CD. The combination of these two methods can improve the detection sensitivity.
Circular RNA expression profiles in the development of acute chronic liver failure in hepatitis B virus-infected patients
Authors: Lian Jiangshan , Lin Feiyan , Lu Yinfeng , Hao Shaorui , Yu Jiong , Cai Huan , Zhang Xiaoli , Gu Yuqing , Yang Yida , Hu Lufeng
Published: October 2020

Background: Hundreds of millions of people worldwide suffer from chronic hepatitis B (CHB), which is thus among the most serious public health problems. CHB can lead to serious acute chronic liver failure (ACLF). Since ACLF has a very high mortality rate, prediction of ACLF risk is a critical issue in clinical practice. Methods: To investigate the development of ACLF from CHB, circular RNA (circRNA), a novel type of endogenous non-coding RNA, was examined in healthy control (HC) subjects and CHB and ACLF patients using high-throughput RNA sequencing technology. Differentially expressed circRNAs were selected and analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) biological pathway analyses, circRNA-miRNA co-expression networks, and statistical analyses. Results: A total of 21,101 circRNAs were identified in HC, CHB and ACLF subjects. Compared with the HCs, 4 up-regulated and 14 down-regulated circRNAs were identified in ACLF subjects, which exhibited a consistent trend of change in the three groups. GO analysis revealed that regulation of lymphocyte activation and macrophage tolerance induction were the most important biological processes in ACLF progression. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that primary immunodeficiency and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways were the most enriched terms. The circRNA-miRNA co-expression network and statistical analyses showed that circRNA_07734, circRNA_08533, and circRNA_16083 were the most important circRNAs in the process of ACLF. Conclusions: Immune dysfunction and immunodeficiency may be critical in the development of ACLF, which results in aberrant expression of circRNAs, especially circRNA_07734, circRNA_08533, and circRNA_16083.
Plasmodium falciparum Multidrug Resistance Gene-1 N86Y-Y184F-D1246Y Polymorphisms in Northern Nigeria: Implications for the continued use of artemether-lumefantrine in the region
Authors: Adamu Auwal , Jada Mahmoud Suleiman , Haruna Hauwa Mohammed Sani , Yakubu Bassa Obed , Ibrahim Mohammed Auwal , Balogun Emmanuel Oluwadare , Sakura Takaya , Inaoka Daniel Ken , Kita Kiyoshi , Hirayama Kenji , Culleton Richard , Shuaibu Mohammed Nasir
Published: October 2020

Background: The analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in drug-resistance associated genes is a commonly used strategy for the surveillance of antimalarial drug resistance in populations of parasites. The present study was designed and performed to provide genetic epidemiological data of the prevalence of N86Y-Y184F-D1246Y SNPs in Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance 1 (pfmdr1) in the malaria hotspot of Northern Nigeria.Methods: Plasmodium falciparum-positive blood samples on Whatman-3MM filter papers were collected from 750 symptomatic patients from four states (Kano, Kaduna, Yobe and Adamawa) in Northern Nigeria, and genotyped via BigDye (v3.1) terminator cycle sequencing for the presence of three SNPs in pfmdr1. SNPs in pfmdr1 were used to construct NYD, NYY, NFY, NFD, YYY, YYD, YFD and YFY haplotypes, and all data were analyzed using Pearson Chi-square and Fisher's exact (FE) tests.Results: The prevalence of the pfmdr1 86Y allele was highest in Kaduna (12.50%, 𝜒² = 10.50, P = 0.02), whilst the 184F allele was highest in Kano (73.10%, 𝜒² = 13.20, P = 0.00), and the pfmdr1 1246Y allele was highest in Yobe (5.26%, 𝜒² = 9.20, P = 0.03). The NFD haplotype had the highest prevalence of 69.81% in Kano (𝜒² = 36.10, P = 0.00), followed by NYD with a prevalence of 49.00% in Adamawa, then YFD with prevalence of 11.46% in Kaduna. The YYY haplotype was not observed in any of the studied states.Conclusion: The present study shows that P. falciparum strains with potential reduced susceptibility to the lumefantrine component of AL exist in Northern Nigeria and predominate in the North-West region.
The Architectural Reconstruction or the Resurgence of the Ruins
Authors: CORTÉS-MESEGUER Luis , FERNÁNDEZ-PLAZAOLA Igor
Published: October 2020

Museums have become cultured places to exhibit art and to survive that context or social milestone within society. On numerous occasions, the great museums have been commissioned to collect architecture by plundering the original sites and taking away part of their soul, and in many cases, the originality of the work loses its meaning without its original location and vice versa. In the field of restoration, different are the theories and concepts that should be taken into account for optimal interpretation, always depending on the criteria and sensitivity of each author. For that same reason, the discussion between the suitability of the reconstructions or their interpretation is obligatory, using a wide terminology to describe each of the processes.
Study on Bolted and Blind-Bolted Single Shear Connections of Cold-Formed Steel Members
Authors: SWIERCZYNA Szymon
Published: October 2020

The paper presents the results of tests on single shear bolted connections of cold-formed steel sections with a wall thickness of 4 mm made with standard fully threaded M16 grade 8.8 bolts. The tests were performed for connections with washers and without washers. The obtained results were referred to earlier studies of analogous connections using blind fasteners Huck BOM R16. The failure mode was identified, the load capacity and stiffness were compared, and a method to determine the non-linear load-displacement characteristics of such connections was proposed. The effect of stiffness of joints on structural response of exemplary cold-formed steel frame was shown.
Can the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) help characterize the types of psychopathologic conditions driving child psychiatry referrals?
Authors: Biederman Joseph , DiSalvo Maura , Vaudreuil Carrie , Wozniak Janet , Uchida Mai , Yvonne Woodworth K. , Green Allison , Faraone Stephen V.
Published: October 2020

Background:

Little is known about the scope of problems driving referrals to child and adolescent psychiatry services. Identifying the full range of mental disorders affecting a particular child can help triage the child to a clinician with the appropriate level of expertise. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) is an easy-to-use assessment tool that may provide invaluable information regarding the severity of the presenting complaints and also aid in the referral process.

Objective:

To assess the utility of the CBCL to gain insights into the type of clinical problems driving referrals of youth to an outpatient pediatric psychiatry clinic.

Method:

The sample consisted of 418 newly referred youth 4-18 years of age of both sexes. Parents completed the CBCL assessing psychopathology and competence. Rates of patients with elevated T-scores on each scale were calculated for the whole group and stratified by sex and age (≤12 versus >12).

Results:

The CBCL identified high rates of psychopathology affecting referred youth. It also provided information on the type of suspected disorders affecting a particular child as well as their severity, critical information to guide likely differing clinical needs and therapeutic approaches. It also helped identify a high number of youth affected with multiple psychopathological conditions, likely to require a high level of clinical attention. Overall, males were significantly more impaired than females but there were no major differences between children and adolescents.

Conclusions:

The CBCL can aid in the identification of individual and comorbid mental disorders affecting youth seeking mental health services by providing specific information about the presence and the severity of specific suspected disorder. These findings have implications for prioritizing scarce resources in child mental health and for improved consideration of the complexity of clinical presentations to pediatric psychiatry programs of any type.
Wastewater lagoon solids, phosphorus, and algae removal using discfiltration
Authors: LeBlond Guillaume , D'Aoust Patrick M. , Kinsley Chris , Delatolla Robert
Published: October 2020

The microsieving discfilter technology was investigated at the pilot scale. The pilot was configured to treat the effluent from a municipal wastewater multi-lagoon facility consisting of two facultative lagoons and a third seasonally aerated lagoon that is aerated to mitigate hydrogen sulfide release. The 10 μm filter, operated without chemical enhancement, demonstrates 60.1 ± 22.6% removal of the lagoon effluent total suspended solids (TSS) during periods of operation without aeration of the third lagoon. Aeration of the third lagoon of the multi-lagoon system prior to discharge renders the 10 μm filter cloth ineffective with respect to solids removal. The 5 μm filter cloth performs effective nonchemically enhanced removal of solids even during aeration of the lagoon, removing 68.2 ± 9.85% of effluent TSS. The greater performance of the 5 μm filter was achieved at the expense of a lower maximum conveyance capacity than the 10 μm filter. The 10 and 5 μm filters decrease the effluent total phosphorus (TP) concentrations by 0.14 and 0.13 mg-P/L, respectively. Algae, characterized as Chlorophyll α, shows removal from influent concentrations of 10.25 ± 4.19 μg/L to concentrations of 4.61 ± 1.28 μg/L for the 10 μm filter, and 4.10 ± 0.65 μg/L for the 5 μm filter.
Provisional green infrastructure: transdisciplinary approaches to address contamination in urban streams
Authors: Jamwal Priyanka , Biswas Durba , Phillips Daniel
Published: October 2020

Surface water contamination has emerged as an area of major concern in rapidly growing cities in the Global South, including and especially in the Indian megacity context. We argue here that nallahs (open drainage channels in Indian megacities) should be more widely recognized as a potential locus of intervention. These combined stormwater and wastewater networks offer opportunities for flexible, frugal and inclusive retrofits to improve surface and groundwater quality. We propose and define the concept of provisional green infrastructure (PGI) as a speculative innovation typology describing in-stream interventions. We argue that PGI should be employed as a shared boundary concept guiding transdisciplinary action and research within the highly unpredictable, space-constrained, and contaminated watersheds. Citing case studies throughout the region and ongoing research in the city of Bangalore, we demonstrate in-stream modifications may be capable of achieving significant improvement in the quality of urban wastewater and may play a complementary role in closing persistent capacity gaps in the operation of both centralized and decentralized treatment practices within megacities. Anticipating the larger diffusion of PGI practices across the region by various early adopters and non-state actors, we suggest a cogent research agenda focused on identifying various generalizable ‘upscaling’ opportunities for deploying in-stream interventions across various organizational and spatial domains.
Reconstrucción de la precipitación y caudal medio del río Piaxtla mediante anillos de crecimiento de Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco
Authors: Villanueva Díaz José , Gómez Guerrero Armando , Estrada Ávalos Juan , Martínez Sifuentes Aldo Rafael
Published: October 2020

La reconstrucción de variables hidroclimáticas es importante para comprender el funcionamiento de las cuencas forestales y tomar decisiones sobre su manejo. En este trabajo se reconstruyó la precipitación y el caudal medio a partir de información de anillos de crecimiento de Pseudostuga menziesii en la cuenca del río Piaxtla. Con la información de siete series dendrocronologías, se construyó una sola cronología regional. Se probó la correlación de la cronología regional con eventos de fenómenos océano-atmósfera como El Niño Oscilación del Sur, Oscilación Decadal del Pacífico, Oscilación Multidecadal del Atlántico e Índices de la Severidad de Sequía de Palmer. Los resultados mostraron que fue posible la reconstrucción de la precipitación de noviembre-abril y el caudal medio noviembre-agosto a partir de la serie de madera temprana con ecuaciones verificadas y validadas: Precipitación = -271.538 + 447.764*(índice de madera temprana), (r = 0.85, n = 49, p < 0.0001) y caudal medio = 5.123 + 0.623*log10(índice de madera temprana), (r = 0.68, n = 46, p < 0.001). Excepto por la Oscilación Multidecadal del Atlántico, todos los fenómenos globales mostraron correlación significativa con la información de los anillos de crecimiento. Este estudio confirma que los bosques de P. menziesii de la Sierra Madre Occidental son altamente sensibles al clima, lo que se refleja en la anchura de anillos de crecimiento y a su vez en la variabilidad del caudal medio de la cuenca. Por lo anterior se debe aprovechar el potencial de este tipo de trabajos para prever los cambios en la disponibilidad de recursos hídricos, así como ampliar su uso en la valoración de servicios ambientales hidrológicos.
Analysis of Health Insurance Big Data for Early Detection of Disabilities: Algorithm Development and Validation
Authors: Jeong Seung-Hyun , Lee Tae Rim , Kang Jung Bae , Choi Mun-Taek
Published: October 2020

Background

Early detection of childhood developmental delays is very important for the treatment of disabilities.

Objective

To investigate the possibility of detecting childhood developmental delays leading to disabilities before clinical registration by analyzing big data from a health insurance database.

Methods

In this study, the data from children, individuals aged up to 13 years (n=2412), from the Sample Cohort 2.0 DB of the Korea National Health Insurance Service were organized by age range. Using 6 categories (having no disability, having a physical disability, having a brain lesion, having a visual impairment, having a hearing impairment, and having other conditions), features were selected in the order of importance with a tree-based model. We used multiple classification algorithms to find the best model for each age range. The earliest age range with clinically significant performance showed the age at which conditions can be detected early.

Results

The disability detection model showed that it was possible to detect disabilities with significant accuracy even at the age of 4 years, about a year earlier than the mean diagnostic age of 4.99 years.

Conclusions

Using big data analysis, we discovered the possibility of detecting disabilities earlier than clinical diagnoses, which would allow us to take appropriate action to prevent disabilities.
Ethics of Digital Mental Health During COVID-19: Crisis and Opportunities
Authors: Martinez-Martin Nicole , Dasgupta Ishan , Carter Adrian , Chandler Jennifer A , Kellmeyer Philipp , Kreitmair Karola , Weiss Anthony , Cabrera Laura Y
Published: October 2020

Social distancing measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic have accelerated the adoption and implementation of digital mental health tools. Psychiatry and therapy sessions are being conducted via videoconferencing platforms, and the use of digital mental health tools for monitoring and treatment has grown. This rapid shift to telehealth during the pandemic has given added urgency to the ethical challenges presented by digital mental health tools. Regulatory standards have been relaxed to allow this shift to socially distanced mental health care. It is imperative to ensure that the implementation of digital mental health tools, especially in the context of this crisis, is guided by ethical principles and abides by professional codes of conduct. This paper examines key areas for an ethical path forward in this digital mental health revolution: privacy and data protection, safety and accountability, and access and fairness.
La austeridad: entre el discurso político y la realidad en contextos de crisis
Authors: López Durán Rosalío
Published: October 2020

Reflexión sobre diferentes concepciones de austeridad en los entornos de crisis. Las políticas de austeridad son respuestas gubernamentales para enfrentes situaciones crónicas y coyunturales, sin embargo, los resultados no han sido siempre los mejores. El nuevo régimen mexicano explora la llamada "austeridad" republicana pero, los primeros pasos dados parecen exigir mayor claridad en sus alcances para que no quede como un simple discurso ideológico.
La simulación en derecho de la función pública: representación sindical y negociación colectiva
Authors: Galindo Caldés Ramon
Published: October 2020

Existe una tradición consolidada en el uso de las simulaciones en diversas disciplinas, también en la enseñanza del derecho. La simulación como metodología docente permite reproducir situaciones reales en las que los estudiantes deben aplicar los conocimientos y habilidades adquiridas. En este trabajo se describe la puesta en práctica de la simulación en representación sindical y negociación colectiva en la enseñanza del derecho de la función pública, analizando sus potencialidades y limitaciones. La simulación se ha mostrado como un instrumento motivador y útil para la asimilación de contenidos y desarrollo de habilidades. Pero también necesita de un mayor desarrollo y exige tener en cuenta la carga docente adicional que supone para el profesor. A pesar de que generalmente las simulaciones han sido presenciales, la creciente incorporación de la tecnología en las aulas puede suponer una oportunidad para redefinirla como una actividad semipresencial.
Las prestaciones por vejez del sistema de seguridad social argentino
Authors: Bianciotto Octavio
Published: October 2020

En el último siglo, la vejez, como contingencia social, ha hecho que los Estados impulsaran una serie de Herramientas de Políticas Públicas con el fin de atender las consecuencias derivadas de aquella. De este modo, se ha constituido un régimen de prestaciones por vejez para brindar bienestar a la ciudadanía perteneciente a la llamada tercer edad. En este marco, en los últimos años Argentina ha modificado sustancialmente la estructura de su Sistema de Seguridad Social adoptando matices peculiares, por lo cual nos planteamos como objetivo de este trabajo describir el Régimen Actual de las Prestaciones Sociales por Vejez vigentes en el Sistema de Seguridad Social Argentino.
Nueva Constitución Política y estructura de poder en Bolivia
Authors: Benente Mauro
Published: October 2020

El proceso constituyente boliviano que se desarrolló entre 2006 y 2009, fue el más democrático y democratizador de la historia del cono sur. Sin embargo, autores como Roberto Gargarella, han sostenido que la Nueva Constitución Política del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia mantuvo intacta la estructura de poder. En este trabajo planteo que esa afirmación no tiene sustento empírico y que se en una deficiente concepción de las estructuras de poder.
La noción jurídica de obra pública: sobre su doble perspectiva y sus elementos determinantes
Authors: Matilla Correa Andry
Published: October 2020

El presente trabajo aborda la noción de obra pública, que en la visión del autor constituye una de las primigenias realidades sociales y jurídicas que caen bajo el mando ordenador del Derecho Administrativo, desde los albores mismos de su nacimiento como rama del derecho moderno en el período decimonónico; convirtiéndose así en una de las zonas objetivas de la disciplina en cuestión, articuladora y conformadora de relaciones jurídico-administrativas. En este sentido, pueden considerarse las obras públicas como una de las instituciones jurídico-administrativas fundacionales del universo institucional del Derecho Administrativo moderno como subsistema jurídico. Para ello, el autor, en esta primera parte, contextualiza su conceptualización jurídica y considera la relevancia jurídico-administrativa de la noción de obra pública, entre otras cosas.
Inteligencia artificial y responsabilidad civil: perspectivas jurídicas y retos legislativos
Authors: Casadesus Ripoll Paula
Published: October 2020

Los beneficios que ofrece para los individuos la implantación y el uso de robots y otras aplicaciones de inteligencia artificial son ampliamente conocidos. Sin embargo y a pesar de que el uso de robots inteligentes no está en la actualidad plenamente extendido, cabe anticipar que la introducción de estos robots en la sociedad presentará numerosos retos morales, éticos y legales. Actualmente, los robots se consideran productos y se encuentran regulados por la Directiva 85/374/ de 25 de julio de 1985 de la Unión Europea sobre la aproximación de las leyes, regulaciones y provisiones administrativas de los estados miembros en relación a la responsabilidad por productos defectuosos. La propia Unión Europea se ha mostrado escéptica en relación con la aplicabilidad de esta directiva a la responsabilidad civil por los daños que estos sistemas robóticos autónomos e inteligentes puedan causar. En este artículo se analizan los principales retos e interrogantes que suscita la actual normativa junto con algunas de las soluciones propuestas.
Arbitraje CIADI México Estados Unidos en el marco del T-MEC
Authors: Saldaña Pérez Juan Manuel
Published: October 2020

En este artículo se analiza el objetivo, funcionamiento y características del procedimiento arbitral del Centro Internacional de Arreglo de Diferencias Relativas a Inversiones entre Estados y Nacionales de otros Estados (CIADI o Centro), así como las condiciones pactadas en el T-MEC para someter al arbitraje del Centro una controversia inversionista Estado, México Estados Unidos, a efecto de conocer si están conforme a la Constitución, particularmente en los relativo a la garantía de igualdad o no discriminación y al principio de agotamiento de recursos internos.
ANALISIS LEVERAGE RATIO TERHADAP PENGUNGKAPAN TANGGUNG JAWAB SOSIAL PERUSAHAAN (CSR) DAN DIVERSITAS GENDER SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI
Authors: Herizona Bintang Satria , Yuliana Indah
Published: October 2020

This study aims to determine how strong the influence of the gender diversity of the board of directors of the company on the level of leverage owned and disclosure of corporate social responsibility. Gender diversity in companies shows that there is no discrimination between men and women to show their best performance in the field and occupy the highest position in a company. Gender diversity also has an impact on differences in decision making, risk preferences and self-confidence. Agency theory is used to illustrate differences in corporate governance between male and female directors. This study uses MRA in the banking subsector for the period 2016-2018. The result show that the leverage level of the company has a significant effect on CSR disclosure. In addition, the composition of the company’s board of director is can’t moderate the relationship between the company’s leverage level and CSR disclosure.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa kuat pengaruh diversitas gender dewan direksi perusahaan terhadap tingkat leverage yang dimiliki dan pengungkapan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan. Diversitas gender pada perusahaan menunjukkan tidak adanya diskriminasi antara laki-laki maupun perempuan untuk menunjukkan kinerja terbaiknya dalam bidang maupun menduduki jabatan tertinggi di suatu perusahaan. Diversitas gender juga memiliki dampak terhadap perbedaan dalam pengambilan keputusan, prefensi risiko dan kepercayaan diri. Agency theory digunakan untuk menggambarkan perbedaan tata kelola perusahaan antara direksi laki-laki dan perempuan. Penelitian ini menggunakan MRA pada perusahaan subsektor perbankan periode tahun 2016-2018. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa tingkat leverage yang dimiliki perusahaan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pengungkapan CSR. Selain itu, komposisi dewan direksi perusahaan tidak dapat memoderasi hubungan antara tingkat leverage perusahaan dengan pengungkapan CSR.