bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultra‐Stable and Highly Efficient White Light Emitting Diodes through CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanocrystals−Silica Composite Phosphor Functionalized with Surface Phenyl Molecules
Authors: Yoon Soyeon , Seo Minjun , Kim In Soo , Lee Kwangyeol , Woo Kyoungja
Published: December 2022

Poor stability of CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) to moisture/heat/light has significantly limited their application as a green phosphor, despite their outstanding luminescent properties. Here, a remarkably stable CsPbBr3 NCs−silica composite phosphor functionalized with surface phenyl molecules (CsPbBr3−SiO2Ph) is synthesized by controlling low‐temperature hydrolysis and condensation reaction of perhydropolysilazane in the presence of CsPbBr3 NCs followed by phenyl‐functionalization. Through the process, CsPbBr3 NCs are confined in a compact silica matrix, which is impermeable to H2O. The synthesis strategy is extended to a classical red quantum dot, CdZnSeS@ZnS NCs, to fabricate a white light emitting diode (WLED) consisting of CsPbBr3−SiO2Ph and CdZnSeS@ZnS−SiO2Ph phosphor and silicone resin packaged on a commercial blue InGaN chip with luminous efficacy (LE) of 9.36 lm W−1. The WLED undergoes enhancements in both green and red photoluminescence over time to achieve a highly efficient performance of 38.80 lm W−1. More importantly, the WLED exhibits unprecedented operational stability of LE/LE0 = 94% after 101 h‐operation at 20 mA (2.56 V). The ultra‐high operational stability and efficient performance are mainly attributed to thermal curing and aging through which grain growth occurs as well as deactivation of defect states by permeated atmospheric O2.
Regiospecific Cation Exchange in Nanocrystals and Its Potential in Diversifying the Nanostructural Library
Authors: Hong Yongju , Venkateshalu Sandhya , Jeong Sangyeon , Park Jongsik , Lee Kwangyeol
Published: December 2022

The cation‐exchange reaction (CER), a promising nanocrystal (NC) engineering strategy, has undergone rapid progress in the past decade, sparking a big wave of interest in the post‐synthetic tuning of chemical compositions, crystal phases, interfaces, morphologies, and corresponding properties. However, a significant gap has existed between the theoretical and actual CERs, hindering the popularization of CERs for explosive expansion in NC designs. A notable roadblock in this area has been the inability to control the site of cation exchange within the nanostructure, although partial cation exchange at desired sites can open an avenue to the vast structural diversity of nanostructures and accompany new physicochemical properties. Several notable successes have been recorded recently in fabricating predesigned hetero‐nanostructures by thoroughly understanding the principles of cation exchange and by exploiting the peculiarity of each crystal system. Herein, recent advances achieved in the CER are introduced, unraveling the critical factors controlling regiospecificity by analyzing the developed theories and accumulated experimental results. It is further described how this knowledge can be harnessed to design advanced NCs, and the beneficial effect of regiospecificity on material properties is highlighted. Finally, the challenges and research directions are provided to encourage further research in this burgeoning field.
Euclidean affine functions and their application to calendar algorithms
Authors: Neri Cassio , Schneider Lorenz
Published: December 2022

In everyday life, dates are specified in terms of year, month and day, but this is not how digital devices represent them. Such devices continuously count elapsed days since a certain reference date, usually 1 January 1970. Accordingly, the date exactly one year after this reference is 1 January 1971 and digital devices represent it as 365. Conversions between machine and human formats are, arguably, amongst the most common operations performed by digital devices and constitute the subject of this article. We introduce Euclidean affine functions (EAFs) and study their properties. EAFs are of the form , where , , , and are integers and where denotes the quotient of Euclidean division. We derive algebraic relations and numerical approximations that are important for the efficient evaluation of these expressions in modern CPUs. Since division is a particular case of an EAF (when and ), the optimisations proposed in this article can also be applied to division. The main application presented in this article is the derivation of conversion algorithms for the Gregorian calendar. We will show that they can be implemented substantially more efficiently than is currently the case in widely used C, C++, C#, and Java open source libraries. Gains in speed of a factor of two or more are common. These algorithms have been implemented in GCC, the Linux Kernel and .NET.
Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Performance of Carbon Nitride Using Transition Metal and Boron Co‐Dopants
Authors: Baktash Ardeshir , Fang Yuan , Xiao Mu , Hunter Michelle , Yuan Qinghong , Wang Lianzhou
Published: December 2022

Density functional theory calculations are used to study the effect of several metal dopants (M = Ag, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pt, Sc, Ti, and Zn) and metal–boron co‐dopants on the structure and catalytic property of g‐C3N4 2D monolayer. Using transition metals and boron (TM–B) as co‐dopants not only keeps the 2D structure stability of g‐C3N4 monolayer, but also alters the catalytic performance of the structures. The co‐doping of B in TM (TM = Pt, Zn, Cd, Ti, and Sc)‐doped g‐C3N4 leads to a significant increase in the hydrogen adsorption energy because hydrogen binding site changes from N to C. For TM–B (TM = Fe, Co, and Ni) co‐doped g‐C3N4, the hydrogen adsorption energy has no obvious change since the hydrogen binding site remains on C atom near the doped TM. However, the co‐doping of B in TM‐ (TM = Cu and Ag) doped g‐C3N4 leads to a significant reduction of hydrogen adsorption energy, making them good candidates for hydrogen evolution reaction. This study provides theoretical guidance for the experimental synthesis of TM–B co‐doped g‐C3N4 and paves a way for the design of a widely applicable non‐noble catalyst.
A comparative cradle‐to‐gate life cycle assessment of carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer and steel‐reinforced bridges
Authors: Khorgade Prathamesh , Rettinger Martin , Burghartz Anne , Schlaich Mike
Published: December 2022

Carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) has proven to be an excellent replacement for conventionally used steel in the construction industry. This is especially relevant in bridge engineering, where its corrosion resistance, low weight‐to‐strength ratio, and outstanding fatigue properties can be put to appropriate use, for example, to prestress the bridge girders. These properties are a huge part of the success of prestressed CFRP bridges, which tremendously increase the structural and material efficiency and hence help facilitate the construction of slender and durable bridges. However, apart from the structural performance of the bridges, the aspect of sustainability (environmental viability, economic feasibility, and social acceptance) plays a vital role in determining the overall efficiency. Prior studies have illustrated that the CFRP reinforcements in themselves are relatively unsustainable as compared to conventional steel reinforcements. However, owing to the extraordinarily high material efficiency generally associated with structures built with CFRP reinforcements, it can be hypothesized that these are equally or even more sustainable as compared to their counterparts. In this study, an aspect of sustainability, namely, environmental impact, is addressed. As a first part of the study, cradle‐to‐gate CO2 emissions for conventional building materials and CFRP have been thoroughly reviewed and documented. Attributed to the heterogeneity of the data available for CO2 emissions from CFRP reinforcements, three scenarios (favorable, realistic, and unfavorable) were drawn up. Based on these values, a comparative life cycle assessment was undertaken for two bridge systems, namely, Rosensteinsteg II (already constructed) and an overpass over German highway A‐20 (design in process). For each bridge system, two separate variants with steel and CFRP reinforcements were considered. For Rosensteinsteg II, a reduction of approximately 28% was observed in the CO2 emissions (favorable global warming potential values for CFRP) once the steel was replaced with prestressed CFRP. A total of 18% reduction was observed for the A‐20 bridge with CFRP reinforcements. With the help of the current study, it could be concluded that, especially for bridges not experiencing heavy vehicular loads, prestressed CFRP bridges are the most environmentally feasible option.
Enhancement of the punching shear verification of slabs with openings
Authors: dos Santos Júlia Borges , Muttoni Aurelio , de Melo Guilherme Sales
Published: December 2022

Openings in flat slabs near to columns are often needed to supply the building with utilities. The presence of these openings can lead to a decrease of the punching resistance which is related to (i) the reduction of the control perimeter, (ii) the stress concentrations at the edges of the openings, (iii) the reduction of the unitary shear resistance caused by increased flexural deformations, and (iv) the moment transfer in the slab connection in case of unsymmetrical openings. The effect of the openings on the punching shear resistance is strongly related to the geometry, the location, the number, and the size of the openings. To quantify the strength reduction due to the openings, current code approaches account for a reduction of the control perimeter defined by radial lines from the centroid of the column to the edges of the opening. Even though slabs with opening have been investigated since the 1960s, available experimental evidence on the behavior of slabs with openings without shear reinforcement is scarce and some effects are neglected in current design codes. Eurocode 2 and fib Model Code do not consider the effect of unsymmetrical openings leading to moment transfer in the slab‐column connection. ACI 318:2019 recommends considering these cases as free edges; however, additional information is necessary to perform the analysis. The present paper analyses a database of 68 flat slab specimens with openings according to ACI 318:2019, current Eurocode 2 (EN 1992‐1‐1:2004), the draft for the second generation (prEN 1992‐1‐1:2021), fib MC 2010:2013, and the Critical Shear Crack Theory. This paper proposes a new approach and a new definition of the control perimeter to improve the prediction of the punching shear resistance of slabs with openings based on the results of the database, the previous studies, and the linear‐elastic analyses of the shear force distribution along the control perimeter.
Yokukansankachimpihange therapy fortified with bisoprolol and lifestyle changes in a patient intolerant to antihypertensive agents
Authors: Katayose Dai
Published: December 2022

Case

Modern medicine's technological advancements recognize the contributions of traditional and complementary medicine. Combining Kampo medicine, antihypertensive agents, and lifestyle changes can be an effective, holistic treatment approach for patients with hypertension, frequently accompanied by impaired mental health and quality of life. This case concerns a patient with hypertension who demonstrated poor lifestyle habits, mental stress, and intolerance to antihypertensive agents. The patient was treated with yokukansankachimpihange therapy fortified with bisoprolol and lifestyle changes including dietary modifications, sleep hygiene, and exercise (including street dance).

Outcome

The patient's ambulatory systolic blood pressure decreased from 174.6 ± 16.2 (mean ± SD) to 134 ± 10.4 mm Hg after initiating the fortified yokukansankachimpihange therapy. The patient also experienced improvements in heart palpitations, shortness of breath, anxiety, constipation, and headache severity.

Conclusion

Fortified therapy is an efficacious, advanced integrated medicine approach that can be used to treat patients with hypertension.
The Arabidopsis DUF239 gene family encodes Neprosin‐like proteins that are widely expressed in seed endosperm
Authors: Vergès Valentin , Bellenger Léo , Pichon Olivier , Giglioli‐Guivarc'h Nathalie , Dutilleul Christelle , Ducos Eric
Published: December 2022

Domain of unknown function 239 (DUF239) is a conserved sequence found in the catalytic site of Neprosins which are specific secreted prolyl endopeptidases found in the Nepenthes genus. Neprosins participate in the nitrogen cycle by digesting preys trapped in the pitcher of these carnivorous plants. Apart from that, DUF239s have been poorly documented in plants. We have identified 50 genes containing DUF239‐coding sequences in the Arabidopsis genome that are distributed across six distinct phylogenetic clusters. The chromosomal distribution suggests that several genes are the result of recent duplication events, with up to eight genes found in a strict tandem distribution. In Arabidopsis, most of DUF239‐containing sequences are also associated to a Neprosin‐activating domain (DUF4409) and an amino‐terminal α‐helix which corresponds to the typical domain organization of the Neprosins described in the Nepenthes genus. Analysis of Arabidopsis transcriptomic datasets reveals that 39 genes are exclusively expressed in reproductive organs, mainly during seed development and more specifically in the endosperm (23 genes). The peculiar expression pattern of the DUF239 gene family in Arabidopsis suggests new functions of Neprosin‐like proteins in plants during seed development.
Gastric cancer detection by non‐blood‐based liquid biopsies: A systematic review looking into the last decade of research
Authors: Lopes Catarina , Chaves Jéssica , Ortigão Raquel , Dinis‐Ribeiro Mário , Pereira Carina
Published: December 2022

Gastric cancer (GC) screening is arguable in most Western countries. Liquid biopsies are a great promise to answer the unmet need for less invasive diagnostic biomarkers in GC. Thus, we aimed at systematically reviewing the current knowledge on liquid biopsy‐based biomarkers in GC screening. A systematic search on PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus databases was performed on published articles reporting the use of non‐blood specimen (saliva, gastric juice [GJ], urine and stool) on GC diagnosis. 3208 records were retrieved by June 2022. After removal of duplicate records, 2379 abstracts were screened, and 84 full texts included in this systematic review. More than 90% of studies were reported on Asian populations. Overall, 9 studies explored stool‐, 12 saliva‐, and 29 urine‐derived biomarkers for GC detection. Additionally, 37 studies, representing the majority, analyzed GJ, focusing on nucleic acid molecules. Several miRNAs and lncRNA molecules have been associated with GC risk, particularly miR‐21 (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.94–1.00). Considering salivary biomarkers, the best described model in validation sets included the soybean agglutinin and Vicia villosa agglutinin lectins (AUC = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.80–0.99). Most studies in urine carried out metabolomic approaches, with two discriminatory models presenting AUC values superior to 0.97. This systematic review emphasizes the potential role of non‐blood‐based biomarkers, although further validation, particularly in Western countries, is mandatory, namely for non‐invasive screening and/or monitoring, as well as the use of GJ as a tool to enhance upper gastrointestinal endoscopy accuracy.
Holographic Lorentz and Carroll frames
Authors: Campoleoni Andrea , Ciambelli Luca , Delfante Arnaud , Marteau Charles , Petropoulos P. Marios , Ruzziconi Romain
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Relaxing the Bondi gauge, the solution space of three-dimensional gravity in the metric formulation has been shown to contain an additional free function that promotes the boundary metric to a Lorentz or Carroll frame, in asymptotically AdS or flat spacetimes. We pursue this analysis and show that the solution space also admits a finite symplectic structure, obtained taking advantage of the built-in ambiguities. The smoothness of the flat limit of the AdS symplectic structure selects a prescription in which the holographic anomaly appears in the boundary Lorentz symmetry, that rotates the frame. This anomaly turns out to be cohomologically equivalent to the standard holographic Weyl anomaly and survives in the flat limit, thus predicting the existence of quantum anomalies in conformal Carrollian field theories. We also revisit these results in the Chern-Simons formulation, where the prescription for the symplectic structure admitting a smooth flat limit follows from the variational principle, and we compute the charge algebra in the boundary conformal gauge.
Bounds on right-handed neutrino parameters from observable leptogenesis
Authors: Hernández P. , López-Pavón J. , Rius N. , Sandner S.
Published: December 2022

Abstract

We revisit the generation of a matter-antimatter asymmetry in the minimal extension of the Standard Model with two singlet heavy neutral leptons (HNL) that can explain neutrino masses. We derive an accurate analytical approximation to the solution of the complete linearized set of kinetic equations, which exposes the non-trivial parameter dependencies in the form of parameterization-independent CP invariants. The identification of various washout regimes relevant in different regions of parameter space sheds light on the relevance of the mass corrections in the interaction rates and clarifies the correlations of baryogenesis with other observables. In particular, by requiring that the measured baryon asymmetry is reproduced, we derive robust upper or lower bounds on the HNL mixings depending on their masses, and constraints on their flavour structure, as well as on the CP-violating phases of the PMNS mixing matrix, and the amplitude of neutrinoless double-beta decay. We also find certain correlations between low and high scale CP phases. Especially emphasizing the testable part of the parameter space we demonstrate that our findings are in very good agreement with numerical results. The methods developed in this work can help in exploring more complex scenarios.
Automated consistent truncations and stability of flux compactifications
Authors: Andriot David , Marconnet Paul , Rajaguru Muthusamy , Wrase Timm
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Classical flux compactifications contribute to a well-controlled corner of the string landscape, therefore providing an important testing ground for a variety of conjectures. We focus here on type II supergravity compactifications on 6d group manifolds towards 4d maximally symmetric spacetimes. We develop a code where the truncation to left-invariant scalars and the dimensional reduction to a 4d theory are automated, for any possible configuration of Op-planes and Dp-branes. We then prove that any such truncation is consistent. We further compute the mass spectrum and analyse the stability of many de Sitter, Minkowski or anti-de Sitter solutions, as well as their consistency with swampland conjectures.
On Products of Subgroups of Finite Groups
Authors: Ballester-Bolinches A. , Kaplan Gil , Pérez-Calabuig V.
Published: December 2022

We give sufficient conditions to ensure that the intersection of the product of two subgroups A and B of a group G with an abelian normal subgroup K of G is a subgroup of G.
Lower and Upper Estimates of the Quantity of Algebraic Numbers
Authors: Sergeyev Yaroslav D.
Published: December 2022

It is well known that the set of algebraic numbers (let us call it A) is countable. In this paper, instead of the usage of the classical terminology of cardinals proposed by Cantor, a recently introduced methodology using $$\textcircled {1}$$

1

-based infinite numbers is applied to measure the set A (where the number $$\textcircled {1}$$

1

is called grossone). Our interest to this methodology is explained by the fact that in certain cases where cardinals allow one to say only whether a set is countable or it has the cardinality of the continuum, the $$\textcircled {1}$$

1

-based methodology can provide a more accurate measurement of infinite sets. In this article, lower and upper estimates of the number of elements of A are obtained. Both estimates are expressed in $$\textcircled {1}$$

1

-based numbers.
The Frobenius Problem for Generalized Repunit Numerical Semigroups
Authors: Branco Manuel B. , Colaço Isabel , Ojeda Ignacio
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we introduce and study the numerical semigroups generated by $$\{a_1, a_2, \ldots \} \subset {\mathbb {N}}$$

{

a
1

,

a
2

,
…
}
⊂
N

such that $$a_1$$

a
1

is the repunit number in base $$b > 1$$

b
>
1

of length $$n > 1$$

n
>
1

and $$a_i - a_{i-1} = a\, b^{i-2},$$

a
i

-

a

i
-
1

=
a

b

i
-
2

,

for every $$i \ge 2$$

i
≥
2

, where a is a positive integer relatively prime with $$a_1$$

a
1

. These numerical semigroups generalize the repunit numerical semigroups among many others. We show that they have interesting properties such as being homogeneous and Wilf. Moreover, we solve the Frobenius problem for this family, by giving a closed formula for the Frobenius number in terms of a, b and n, and compute other usual invariants such as the Apéry sets, the genus or the type.
The endocytic recycling compartment serves as a viral factory for hepatitis E virus
Authors: Bentaleb Cyrine , Hervouet Kévin , Montpellier Claire , Camuzet Charline , Ferrié Martin , Burlaud-Gaillard Julien , Bressanelli Stéphane , Metzger Karoline , Werkmeister Elisabeth , Ankavay Maliki , Janampa Nancy Leon , Marlet Julien , Roux Julien , Deffaud Clarence , Goffard Anne , Rouillé Yves , Dubuisson Jean , Roingeard Philippe , Aliouat-Denis Cécile-Marie , Cocquerel Laurence
Published: December 2022

Although hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the major leading cause of enterically transmitted viral hepatitis worldwide, many gaps remain in the understanding of the HEV lifecycle. Notably, viral factories induced by HEV have not been documented yet, and it is currently unknown whether HEV infection leads to cellular membrane modeling as many positive-strand RNA viruses. HEV genome encodes the ORF1 replicase, the ORF2 capsid protein and the ORF3 protein involved in virion egress. Previously, we demonstrated that HEV produces different ORF2 isoforms including the virion-associated ORF2i form. Here, we generated monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize the ORF2i form and antibodies that recognize the different ORF2 isoforms. One antibody, named P1H1 and targeting the ORF2i N-terminus, recognized delipidated HEV particles from cell culture and patient sera. Importantly, AlphaFold2 modeling demonstrated that the P1H1 epitope is exposed on HEV particles. Next, antibodies were used to probe viral factories in HEV-producing/infected cells. By confocal microscopy, we identified subcellular nugget-like structures enriched in ORF1, ORF2 and ORF3 proteins and viral RNA. Electron microscopy analyses revealed an unprecedented HEV-induced membrane network containing tubular and vesicular structures. We showed that these structures are dependent on ORF2i capsid protein assembly and ORF3 expression. An extensive colocalization study of viral proteins with subcellular markers, and silencing experiments demonstrated that these structures are derived from the endocytic recycling compartment (ERC) for which Rab11 is a central player. Hence, HEV hijacks the ERC and forms a membrane network of vesicular and tubular structures that might be the hallmark of HEV infection.
Zinc on the edge—isotopic and geophysical evidence that cratonic edges control world-class shale-hosted zinc-lead deposits
Authors: Huston David L. , Champion David C. , Czarnota Karol , Duan Jingming , Hutchens Matthew , Paradis Suzanne , Hoggard Mark , Ware Bryant , Gibson George M. , Doublier Michael P. , Kelley Karen , McCafferty Anne , Hayward Nathan , Richards Fred , Tessalina Svetlana , Carr Graham
Published: December 2022

The North Australian Zinc Belt is the largest zinc-lead province in the world, containing three of the ten largest known individual deposits (HYC, Hilton-George Fisher, and Mount Isa). The Northern Cordillera in North America is the second largest zinc-lead province, containing a further two of the world’s top ten deposits (Red Dog and Howards Pass). Despite this world-class endowment, exploration in both mineral provinces during the past 2 decades has not been particularly successful, yielding only two significant discoveries (Teena, Australia, and Boundary, Canada). One of the most important aspects of exploration is to choose mineral provinces and districts within geological belts that have the greatest potential for discovery. Here, we present results from these two zinc belts that highlight previously unused datasets for area selection and targeting. Lead isotope mapping using analyses of mineralized material has identified gradients in μ (238U/204Pb) that coincide closely with many major deposits. Locations of these deposits also coincide with a gradient in the depth of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary determined from calibrated surface wave tomography models converted to temperature. Furthermore, gradients in upward-continued gravity anomalies and a step in Moho depth correspond to a pre-existing major crustal boundary in both zinc belts. A spatial association of deposits with a linear mid- to lower-crustal resistivity anomaly from magnetotelluric data is also observed in the North Australian Zinc Belt. The change from thicker to thinner lithosphere is interpreted to localize prospective basins for zinc-lead mineralization and to control the gradient in lead isotope and geophysical data. These data, when combined with data indicative of paleoenvironment and changes in plate motion at the time of mineralization, provide new exploration criteria that can be used to identify prospective mineralized basins and define the most favorable parts of these basins.
Income windfalls and overweight: evidence from lottery wins
Authors: Costa-Font Joan , Györi Mario
Published: December 2022

We examine the impact of an income windfall (from a lottery win) on an individual's overweight and Body Mass Index (BMI). We use longitudinal data from the United Kingdom, where a large proportion of the population plays the lottery, and retrieve income effect estimates using time and individual specific fixed effects alongside a set of relevant controls. Although our findings suggest any income windfall may lead to a contemporaneous increase in overweight, we document evidence that a £1,000 win reduces the probability of overweight in the range by up to 3 percentual points 12 months after the lottery win. Estimates are heterogeneous across working hours and educational attainment. A £1000 lottery win reduces the risk of overweight among low educated individuals by 4.5–5 percentual points (pp)12 months after the lottery win.
Ground state representations of topological groups
Authors: Neeb Karl-Hermann , Russo Francesco G.
Published: December 2022

Let $$\alpha : {{\mathbb {R}}}\rightarrow \mathop {\textrm{Aut}}\nolimits (G)$$

α
:
R
→
Aut
(
G
)

define a continuous $${{\mathbb {R}}}$$
R
-action on the topological group G. A unitary representation $$(\pi ^\flat ,\mathcal {H})$$

(

π
♭

,
H
)

of the extended group $$G^\flat := G \rtimes _\alpha {{\mathbb {R}}}$$

G
♭

:
=
G

⋊
α

R

is called a ground state representation if the unitary one-parameter group $$\pi ^\flat (e,t) = e^{itH}$$

π
♭

(
e
,
t
)

=

e

itH

has a non-negative generator $$H \ge 0$$

H
≥
0

and the subspace $$\mathcal {H}^0 := \ker H$$

H

0

:
=
ker
H

of ground states generates $$\mathcal {H}$$
H
under G. In this paper, we introduce the class of strict ground state representations, where $$(\pi ^\flat ,\mathcal {H})$$

(

π
♭

,
H
)

and the representation of the subgroup $$G^0 := \mathop {\textrm{Fix}}\nolimits (\alpha )$$

G
0

:
=
Fix

(
α
)

on $$\mathcal {H}^0$$

H

0

have the same commutant. The advantage of this concept is that it permits us to classify strict ground state representations in terms of the corresponding representations of $$G^0$$

G
0

. This is particularly effective if the occurring representations of $$G^0$$

G
0

can be characterized intrinsically in terms of concrete positivity conditions. To find such conditions, it is natural to restrict to infinite dimensional Lie groups such as (1) Heisenberg groups (which exhibit examples of non-strict ground state representations); (2) Finite dimensional groups, where highest weight representations provide natural examples; (3) Compact groups, for which our approach provides a new perspective on the classification of unitary representations; (4) Direct limits of compact groups, as a class of examples for which strict ground state representations can be used to classify large classes of unitary representations.
Image-based microstructural simulation of thermal conductivity for highly porous wood fiber insulation boards
Authors: Andrä Heiko , Dobrovolskij Dascha , Engelhardt Max , Godehardt Michael , Makas Michael , Mercier Christian , Rief Stefan , Schladitz Katja , Staub Sarah , Trawka Karol , Treml Sebastian
Published: December 2022

The thermal conductivity of wood fiber insulation boards is significantly influenced by the microstructure of the fiber network and in general, the efficiency of wood fiber insulation boards increases with porosity. For higher raw densities, the raw density is a good predictor for the thermal conductivity. For lower raw densities however, this simple relation does not hold anymore. Here, structural information gained from 3D computed tomography images at several scales, modeling of the microstructure, and numerical simulation of the thermal conductivity are combined to get deeper insight into which and how microstructural features influence the thermal conductivity. The model-based simulation as described here shows that the presence and orientation of wood fiber clusters impact the thermal conductivity significantly.
Consequences of Genetic Recombination on Protein Folding Stability
Authors: Del Amparo Roberto , González-Vázquez Luis Daniel , Rodríguez-Moure Laura , Bastolla Ugo , Arenas Miguel
Published: December 2022

Genetic recombination is a common evolutionary mechanism that produces molecular diversity. However, its consequences on protein folding stability have not attracted the same attention as in the case of point mutations. Here, we studied the effects of homologous recombination on the computationally predicted protein folding stability for several protein families, finding less detrimental effects than we previously expected. Although recombination can affect multiple protein sites, we found that the fraction of recombined proteins that are eliminated by negative selection because of insufficient stability is not significantly larger than the corresponding fraction of proteins produced by mutation events. Indeed, although recombination disrupts epistatic interactions, the mean stability of recombinant proteins is not lower than that of their parents. On the other hand, the difference of stability between recombined proteins is amplified with respect to the parents, promoting phenotypic diversity. As a result, at least one third of recombined proteins present stability between those of their parents, and a substantial fraction have higher or lower stability than those of both parents. As expected, we found that parents with similar sequences tend to produce recombined proteins with stability close to that of the parents. Finally, the simulation of protein evolution along the ancestral recombination graph with empirical substitution models commonly used in phylogenetics, which ignore constraints on protein folding stability, showed that recombination favors the decrease of folding stability, supporting the convenience of adopting structurally constrained models when possible for inferences of protein evolutionary histories with recombination.
Assessment of epicardial adipose tissue on virtual non-contrast images derived from photon-counting detector coronary CTA datasets
Authors: Risch Franka , Schwarz Florian , Braun Franziska , Bette Stefanie , Becker Judith , Scheurig-Muenkler Christian , Kroencke Thomas J. , Decker Josua A.
Published: December 2022

Objectives

To assess epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume and attenuation of different virtual non-contrast (VNC) reconstructions derived from coronary CTA (CCTA) datasets of a photon-counting detector (PCD) CT-system to replace true non-contrast (TNC) series.

Methods

Consecutive patients (n = 42) with clinically indicated CCTA and coronary TNC were included. Two VNC series were reconstructed, using a conventional (VNCConv) and a novel calcium-preserving (VNCPC) algorithm. EAT was segmented on TNC, VNCConv, VNCPC, and CCTA (CTA-30) series using thresholds of −190 to −30 HU and an additional segmentation on the CCTA series with an upper threshold of 0 HU (CTA0). EAT volumes and their histograms were assessed for each series. Linear regression was used to correlate EAT volumes and the Euclidian distance for histograms. The paired t-test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to assess differences for parametric and non-parametric data.

Results

EAT volumes from VNC and CCTA series showed significant differences compared to TNC (all p < .05), but excellent correlation (all R2 > 0.9). Measurements on the novel VNCPC series showed the best correlation (R2 = 0.99) and only minor absolute differences compared to TNC values. Mean volume differences were −12%, −3%, −13%, and +10% for VNCConv, VNCPC, CTA-30, and CTA0 compared to TNC. Distribution of CT values on VNCPC showed less difference to TNC than on VNCConv (mean attenuation difference +7% vs. +2%; Euclidean distance of histograms 0.029 vs. 0.016).

Conclusions

VNCPC-reconstructions of PCD-CCTA datasets can be used to reliably assess EAT volume with a high accuracy and only minor differences in CT values compared to TNC. Substitution of TNC would significantly decrease patient’s radiation dose.

Key points

• Measurement of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume and attenuation are feasible on virtual non-contrast (VNC) series with excellent correlation to true non-contrast series (all R2>0.9).

• Differences in VNC algorithms have a significant impact on EAT volume and CT attenuation values.

• A novel VNC algorithm (VNCPC) enables reliable assessment of EAT volume and attenuation with superior accuracy compared to measurements on conventional VNC- and CCTA-series.
Tanner–Whitehouse skeletal maturity score derived from ultrasound images to evaluate bone age
Authors: Lv Pin , Zhang Chao
Published: December 2022

Objective

The complexity of radiographic Tanner–Whitehouse method makes it less acceptable by radiologists and endocrinologists to assess bone age. Conventional ultrasound could be used to measure the ratio of the height of the ossification center to the epiphysis of the bone to evaluate maturity of bone. The purpose of this study is to obtain radiographic TW3 skeletal maturity score with ultrasound images.

Methods

In this prospective diagnostic study, participants aged between 1 and 18 years undergoing radiography for bone age evaluation were evaluated from April 2019 to November 2021. Ultrasonic skeletal maturity scores of participants were transformed into radiographic skeletal maturity scores with the fitted formulas established in this study. Diagnostic performances of the transformed scores to diagnose advanced or delayed bone age were confirmed. Ultrasound images of 50 participants in the validation group were re-evaluated to confirm inter-rater reliability.

Results

A total of 442 participants (median age, 9.5 years [interquartile range, 7.8–11.1 years]; 185 boys) were enrolled. Ultrasound determination of bone age had a sensitivity of 97% (34/35, 95% CI: 83, 99) and a specificity of 98% (106/108, 95% CI: 93, 99) to diagnose advanced or delayed bone age. The intra-class correlation coefficient for inter-rater reliability was 0.993 [95% CI: 0.988, 0.996], p < 0.0001.

Conclusions

Radiographic Tanner–Whitehouse skeletal maturity score could be obtained from ultrasound images in a simple, fast, accurate, and radiation-free manner.

Key Points

• The fitting formulas between radiographic TW3 skeletal maturity score and ultrasonic skeletal maturity score were developed.

• Through measurement of ossification ratios of bones with ultrasound, TW3 skeletal maturity score was obtained in a simple, fast, and radiation-free manner.
Scaling preferences using probabilistic choice models: is there a ratio-scale representation of subjective liking?
Authors: Kattner Florian , Gast Anne
Published: December 2022

In two online experiments, we tested whether preference judgments can be used to derive a valid ratio-scale representation of subjective liking across different stimulus sets. Therefore, participants were asked to indicate their preferences for all possible pairwise comparisons of 20 paintings (Experiment 1) and 20 faces (Experiment 2). Probabilistic choice models were fit to the resulting preference probabilities (requiring different degrees of stochastic transitivity), demonstrating that a ratio-scale representation of the liking of both paintings and faces can be derived consistently from the preference judgments. While the preference judgments of paintings were consistent with the highly restrictive Bradley–Terry–Luce model (Bradley and Terry, Biometrika 39:324–345, 1952; Luce, 1959), the liking of faces could be represented on a ratio scale only when accounting for face gender as an additional aspect in an elimination-by-aspects model. These ratio-scaled liking scores were then related to direct evaluative ratings of the same stimuli on a 21-point Likert scale, given both before and after the pairwise comparisons. It was found in both studies that evaluative ratings can be described accurately as a logarithmic function of the indirectly derived liking scores for both types of stimuli. The results indicate that participants are able (a) to consistently judge preferences across two heterogeneous stimulus sets, and (b) to validly report their liking in direct evaluative ratings, although the numeric labels derived from direct evaluative ratings cannot be interpreted at face value for ratio-scaled liking scores.
Sedation efficacy of different dose of remimazolam with sufentanil for nerve block in young and elderly patients: a randomized, controlled study
Authors: Li Xue , Bu Tegeleqi , Li Yu-Ting , Xie Ke-Qi , Xu Zhen-Zhen , Liang Xin-Quan , Mu Dong-Liang
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Anxiety and pain commonly occur during nerve block, we aimed to investigate the sedation efficacy of different doses of remimazolam with sufentanil in young and elderly patients.

Methods

In this randomized trial, patients aged 18–85 years who underwent nerve block was enrolled. All patients received sufentanil 0.08 μg/kg for analgesia. Young patients (age < 65 years) were randomized into the control group (Group C, 0.9% saline), medium-dose remimazolam (Group M, 0.06 mg/kg) and high-dose remimazolam group (Group H, 0.08 mg/kg). Elderly patients (age ≥ 65 years) were randomized into the Group C, low-dose remimazolam group (Group L, 0.04 mg/kg) and Group M. Primary outcome was the success rate of procedure sedation. Respiratory depression and hypoxia were the interested safety outcomes.

Results

Ninety young and 114 elderly patients were enrolled, respectively. In comparison with Groups C and M, young patients in Group H had the highest success rate of procedure sedation (80.0 vs. 73.3 vs. 43.3%, P = 0.006). Elderly patients in Groups M and L had similar success rates of procedure sedation, which were significantly higher than that in Group C (78.9 vs. 78.9 vs. 50.0%, P = 0.007). In elderly patients, the incidence of respiratory depression and hypoxia tended to be higher in Group M than those in Groups L and C (both P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Remimazolam 0.08 mg/kg provided the best sedation efficacy in young patients while remimazolam 0.04 mg/kg with the trend of less respiratory adverse events was more optimal for elderly patients.

Trial registration

http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=122016.
Lokale Wertschöpfungsstrategien in global vernetzter Kreislaufwirtschaft – Eine Analyse des brasilianischen Elektroschrott-Recyclings
Authors: Busch Hans-Christian , Wiemann Judith
Published: December 2022

Dieser Beitrag untersucht lokale Wertschöpfungsstrategien der Circular Economy des globalen Südens. Über die bloße Abfallentsorgung hinausgehend stehen dabei alternative Strategien der Wertschöpfung und Inwertsetzung verschiedener Akteure entlang der Recyclingkette von Elektroschrott (E-waste) im Mittelpunkt. Wir analysieren diese lokalen Wertschöpfungsstrategien in Verbindung mit globalen Verflechtungen in der E‑waste-Recyclingkette in São Paulo, Brasilien – als anschauliches Fallbeispiel im globalen Süden. Die Ergebnisse der qualitativen Studie erweitern vorherrschende hochtechnologische Ansätze um zwei Möglichkeitskorridore: Erstens arbeiten kleine Akteure in vorderen Kettensegmenten daran, gebrauchte Materialien neuen Verwendungszwecken zuzuführen (Bricolage-Wertschöpfungskorridor). Zweitens fokussieren sich brasilianische Recyclingunternehmen im mittleren Kettensegment auf die Vereinfachung auf wesentliche Kernfunktionen, um ausrangierte Elektrogeräte erneut in Wert zu setzen (frugaler Wertschöpfungskorridor). Somit werden zwar einerseits in vorderen Kettensegmenten (reparierte oder aufgearbeitete) zirkuläre Kreislaufprodukte erkennbar. Andererseits überwiegt in hinteren Segmenten allerdings weiterhin ein Schwerpunkt auf ökonomisch rentablerer Materialextraktion. Neben einer kritischen Perspektive auf kreislaufwirtschaftliche Ansätze im globalen Süden zeigen die Ergebnisse daher, wie alternative Perspektiven auf Wertschöpfung tendenziell dazu beitragen können, einen nachhaltigen Wandel hin zu einer geschlossen lokalen Circular Economy zu erreichen.
Thoracolumbar spine trauma: a guide for the FRCS examination
Authors: Hwang Z. , Abdalla M. , Ajayi B. , Bernard J. , Bishop T. , Lui D. F.
Published: December 2022

Thoracolumbar spine injuries are commonly seen in trauma settings and have a high risk of causing serious morbidity. There can be controversy when it comes to classifying thoracolumbar injuries within the spinal community, but there remains a need to classify, evaluate and manage thoracolumbar fractures. This article aims to provide a guide on classification of thoracolumbar spine injuries using the AO Spine Thoracolumbar Injury Classification System (AO TLICS).
A model-based approach for specifying changes in replications of empirical studies in computer Science
Authors: Cruz Margarita , Bernárdez Beatriz , Durán Amador , Guevara-Vega Cathy , Ruiz-Cortés Antonio
Published: December 2022

The need of replicating empirical studies in Computer Science is widely recognized among the research community. It is essential to report the changes of each replication to promote not only the comprehensibility of the evolution of the experimental validity across a family of studies, but also replicability itself. Unfortunately, the lack of proposals for systematic reporting of changes in replications undermines these desirable objectives. The main goal of the work presented in this article is to provide researchers in Computer Science with a systematic tool-supported approach for the specification and reporting of changes in the replications of their empirical studies. Applying Design Science Research, we have developed and validated a composite artifact consisting of (i) a metamodel that formalizes all the relevant concepts related to replications and their changes; (ii) templates and linguistic patterns that facilitate their reporting; and (iii) a proof-of-concept model-based software tool that supports the proposed approach. For its validation, we have carried out a multiple case study that includes 9 families of empirical studies not only from Computer Science, but also from an area as different as Agrobiology , to check the external validity of our approach. The 9 families encompass 23 replication studies and a total of 92 replication changes, for which we have analyzed the suitability of our proposal. The multiple case study revealed some initial limitations of our approach related to threats to experimental validity and context variables. After several improvement iterations on the artifact, all of the 92 replication changes could be properly specified, including also their qualitatively estimated effects on experimental validity and their corresponding visualization. Our proposal for the specification of replication changes seems to fit the needs not only of replications in Computer Science, but also in other research areas. Nevertheless, further research is needed to improve it and disseminate its use among the research community.
Accuracy of five different 3D printing workflows for dental models comparing industrial and dental desktop printers
Authors: Morón-Conejo Belén , López-Vilagran Jesús , Cáceres David , Berrendero Santiago , Pradíes Guillermo
Published: December 2022

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy, in terms of trueness and precision, of printed models using five different industrial and dental desktop 3D printers.

Materials and methods

Full-arch digital models with scanbodies of 15 patients were printed with five different 3D printers. The industrial printers were 3D system Project MJP2500 (3DS) and Objet30 OrthoDesk (Obj). The dental desktop printers were NextDent 5100 (ND), Formlabs Form 2 (FL) and Rapidshape D30 (RS). A total of 225 printed models were analysed. The printed models were digitized and compared with the reference cast model using the Control X software (Geomagic). The descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA with the post hoc Tukey test were performed (α = 0.05).

Results

The one-way ANOVA for the trueness and precision of the printed model presented the best results for the 3DS, followed by ND, Obj, FL and RS (P < 0.01). In the scanbody zone, the best results were for the 3DS group, followed by Obj, ND, FL and RS (P < 0.01). Comparing the technologies, the Multijet technology used in industrial printers presented better results than the DLP and SLA technologies used in dental desktop printers (P > 0.01).

Conclusions

There were statistically significant differences in terms of the accuracy of the printed models, with better results for the industrial than the dental desktop 3D printers.

Clinical relevance

The industrial 3D printers used in dental laboratories presented better accuracy than the in-office dental desktop 3D printers, and this should be considered when the best accuracy is needed to perform final prosthetic restorations.