bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low Incidence of Postoperative Respiratory Depression with Oliceridine Compared to Morphine: A Retrospective Chart Analysis
Authors: Bergese Sergio , Berkowitz Richard , Rider Paul , Ladouceur Martin , Griffith Suzanne , Segura Vasi Alvaro , Cochrane Kristina , Wase Linda , Demitrack Mark A. , Habib Ashraf S.
Published: October 2020

Background. Oliceridine, an investigational IV opioid, is a first-in-class G-protein selective agonist at the μ-opioid receptor. The G-protein selectivity results in potent analgesia with less recruitment of β-arrestin, a signaling pathway associated with opioid-related adverse events (ORAEs). In randomized controlled studies in both hard and soft tissue models yielding surgical pain, oliceridine provided effective analgesia with a potential for an improved safety and tolerability profile at equianalgesic doses to morphine. The phase 3, open-label, single-arm, multicenter ATHENA trial demonstrated the safety, tolerability, and effectiveness of oliceridine in moderate to severe acute pain in a broad range of patients undergoing surgery or with painful medical conditions warranting use of an IV opioid. This retrospective, observational chart review study compared respiratory depression events associated with oliceridine administration as found in the ATHENA trial to a control cohort treated with conventional opioids. Methods. Patients at 18 years of age or older, who underwent colorectal, orthopedic, cardiothoracic, bariatric, or general surgeries between June 2015 and May 2017 in 11 sites participating in the ATHENA trial who received postoperative analgesia either with IV oliceridine or with IV conventional opioids (e.g., morphine alone or in combination with other opioids) (CO cohort); and had a hospital stay >48 hours, were included in this retrospective analysis. Data from the ATHENA trial was used for the oliceridine cohort; and additional baseline characteristics were collected from medical charts. Data from medical charts were collected for all CO cohort patients. The two cohorts were balanced using an inverse probability weighting method. The primary outcome was the incidence of operationally defined opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) in the two cohorts. Secondary outcomes included between-group comparison of the incidence of OIRD events among a subset of high-risk patients. Results. OIRD was significantly less in the oliceridine cohort compared to the CO cohort (8.0% vs. 30.7%; odds ratio: 0.139) (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.09–0.22;

P
<
0.0001

). Likewise, the incidence of OIRD was lower among high-risk patients in the oliceridine cohort (9.1% vs. 34.7%; odds ratio: 0.136) (95% CI [0.09–0.22];

P
<
0.0001

) compared to the CO cohort. Conclusion. In this retrospective chart review study, patients receiving IV oliceridine for moderate to severe acute pain demonstrated a lower incidence of treatment emergent OIRD compared to patients who were treated with IV morphine either alone or with concomitant administration of other opioids.
Long‐Term Monitoring Reliability and Life Prediction of Fiber Bragg Grating‐Based Self‐Sensing Steel Strands
Authors: Qin Heying , Shen Quanxi , Ou Jinping , Zhu Wanxu
Published: October 2020

To analyze the long‐term monitoring reliability and life expectancy of FBG‐based steel strands, accelerated corrosion and tensile tests were carried out and a life‐prediction model was constructed. The validation test results indicated that the monitoring strain sensitivity of FBG‐based steel strands decreases with an increase in solution concentration and time in a corrosive acidic environment. When the sensitivity dropped to about 80% of its initial value, the FBG sensor suddenly failed. The life‐prediction model indicates that the predicted monitoring life of an FBG sensor is about 56 years in an unstressed condition but about 27 years under the stressful conditions that FBG‐based steel strands are subjected to in their working environment. So, to improve their monitoring reliability and monitoring life, it is suggested that FBG‐based steel strands might be prepared by “pre‐loading.”
Prognostic Role of Left Ventricular Systolic Function Measured by Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Septic Shock
Authors: Hai Pham Dang , Binh Nguyen Thanh , Hien Nguyen Viet Quang , Hoang Nguyen Huy , Hoan Vu Ngoc , Son Pham Nguyen , Hoa Le Thi Viet
Published: October 2020

Background. Left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction is common in septic shock. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) measured by speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is a useful marker of intrinsic left ventricular systolic function. However, the association between left ventricular GLS and outcome in septic patients is not well understood. We performed this prospective study to investigate the prognostic value of LV systolic function utilizing speckle tracking echocardiography in patients with septic shock. Methods. All the patients with septic shock based on sepsis‐3 definition admitted to the intensive care unit were prospectively studied with STE within 24 hours after the onset of septic shock. Baseline clinical and echocardiographic variables were collected. The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality. Results. During a 19‐month period, 90 consecutive patients were enrolled in the study. The in‐hospital mortality rate was 43.3%. Compared with survivors, nonsurvivors exhibited significantly less negative GLS (−13.1 ± 3.3% versus −15.8 ± 2.9%; p < 0.001), which reflected worse LV systolic function. The area under the ROC curves of GLS for the prediction of mortality was 0.76 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.87). Patients with GLS > −14.1% showed a significantly higher mortality rate (67.7% versus 15.6%; p < 0.0001; log‐rank = 23.3; p < 0.0001). In the multivariate analysis, GLS (HR, 1.27; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.50, p = 0.005) and SOFA scores (HR, 1.27; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.50, p = 0.004) were independent predictors of in‐hospital mortality. Conclusions. Our study indicated that LV systolic function measured by STE might be associated with mortality in patients with septic shock.
A Randomized Trial Comparing Short versus Prolonged Hemostasis with Rescue Recanalization by Ipsilateral Ulnar Artery Compression: Impact on Radial Artery Occlusion—The RESCUE-RAO Trial
Authors: Ognerubov Dmitrii V. , Sedaghat Alexander , Provatorov Sergey I. , Tereshchenko Andrey S. , Bertrand Olivier F. , Bernat Ivo , Arutyunyan Goar K. , Pogorelova Olga A. , Tripoten Maria I. , Balakhonova. Tatyana V , Samko Anatoliy N. , Merkulov Evgeny V.
Published: October 2020

Background. Despite the enormous benefits of radial access, this route is associated with a risk of radial artery occlusion (RAO). Objective. We compared the incidence of RAO in patients undergoing transradial coronary angiography and intervention after short versus prolonged hemostasis protocol. Also we assessed the efficacy of rescue 1-hour ipsilateral ulnar artery compression if RAO was observed after hemostasis. Material and Methods. Patients referred for elective transradial coronary procedures were eligible. After 6 F radial sheath removal, patients were randomized to short (3 hours) (n = 495) or prolonged (8 hours) (n = 503) hemostasis and a simple bandage was placed over the puncture site. After hemostasis was completed, oximetry plethysmography was used to assess the patency of the radial artery. Results. One thousand patients were randomized. Baseline characteristics were similar between both groups with average age 61.4 ± 9.4 years (71% male) and PCI performed on half of the patients. The RAO rate immediately after hemostasis was 3.2% in the short hemostasis group and 10.1% in the prolonged group (

p
<
0.001

). Rescue recanalization was successful only in the short group in 56.2% (11/19); at hospital discharge, RAO rates were 1.4% in the short group and 10.1% in the prolonged group (

p
<
0.001

). Conclusion. Shorter hemostasis was associated with significantly less RAO compared to prolonged hemostasis. Rescue radial artery recanalization was effective in > 50%, but only in the short hemostasis group.
Disrespect and Abuse during Childbirth in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mengesha Meresa Berwo , Desta Asgele Gebrekrstos , Maeruf Hayat , Hidru Hagos Degefa
Published: October 2020

Background. Disrespect and abuse are recognized for the restricting impact of women from seeking maternal care, psychological humiliations, grievances, and unspoken sufferings on women during childbirth. Individual primary studies are limited in explaining of extent of disrespect and abusive care. Hence, this review considers the synthesis of comprehensive evidence on the extent, contributing factors, and consequences of disrespectful and abusive intrapartum care from the women’s and providers’ perspectives in Ethiopia. Methods. Articles had been systematically searched from the databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, POPLINE, Google Scholar, HINARI, African Journals Online, and WHO Global Health Library. A qualitative and quantitative synthesis was performed using the Bowser and Hill landscape analytical framework. Result. Twenty‐two studies comprised of the 16 quantitative; 5 qualitative and one mixed studies were included. The most repeatedly dishonored right during facility‐based childbirth in Ethiopia was nondignified care, and the least commonly reported abuse was detention in health facilities. These behaviors were contributed by normalization of care, lack of empowerment and education of women, weak health system, and lack of training of providers. Women subjected to disrespectful and abusive behavior distanced themselves from the use of facility‐based childbirth‐related services and have endured psychological humiliations. Conclusion. Disrespectful and abusive care of women during childbirth is repeatedly practiced care in Ethiopia. This result specifically described the contributing factors and their effects as a barrier to the utilization of facility‐based childbirth. Therefore, to overcome this alarming problem, health systems and care providers must be responsive to the specific needs of women during childbirth, and implementing policies for standard care of respectful maternity care must be compulsory. In addition, observational, qualitative, and mixed types of studies are required to provide comprehensive evidences on disrespect and abusive behavior during childbirth in Ethiopia.
Assessment of Three Learning Machines for Long-Term Prediction of Wind Energy in Palestine
Authors: Khatib Tamer , Deria Reziq , Isead Asma
Published: October 2020

In this research, an approach for predicting wind energy in the long term has been developed. The aim of this prediction is to generate wind energy profiles for four cities in Palestine based on wind energy profile of another fifth city. Thus, wind energy data for four cities, namely, Nablus city, are used to develop the model; meanwhile, wind energy data for Hebron, Jenin, Ramallah, and Jericho cities are predicted based on that. Three machine learning algorithms are used in this research, namely, Cascade-forward neural network, random forests, and support vector machines. The developed models have two input variables which are daily average cubic wind speed and the standard deviation, while the target is daily wind energy. The R-squared values for the developed Cascade-forward neural network, random forests, and support vector machines models are found to be 0.9996, 0.9901, and 0.9991, respectively. Meanwhile, RMSE values for the developed models are found to be 41.1659 kWh, 68.4101 kWh, and 205.10 kWh, respectively.
Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Exhaustion during Treatment for Hematological Malignancies
Authors: Shen Chunyi , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Yi
Published: October 2020

Immunotherapy, especially based on chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, has achieved prominent success in the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, approximately 30‐50% of patients will have disease relapse following remission after receiving CD19‐targeting CAR‐T cells, with failure of maintaining a long‐term effect. Mechanisms underlying CAR‐T therapy inefficiency consist of loss or modulation of target antigen and CAR‐T cell poor persistence which mostly results from T cell exhaustion. The unique features and restoration strategies of exhausted T cells (Tex) have been well described in solid tumors. However, the overview associated with CAR‐T cell exhaustion is relatively rare in hematological malignancies. In this review, we summarize the characteristics, cellular, and molecular mechanisms of Tex cells as well as approaches to reverse CAR‐T cell exhaustion in hematological malignancies, providing novel strategies for immunotherapies.
Identification of a Novel Variant of ARHGAP29 in a Chinese Family with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Tang Jian-Xia , Xiao Xiang-Shui , Wang Kai , Jin Jie-Yuan , Fan Liang-Liang , Xiang Rong
Published: October 2020

Background. Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is the most common facial birth defect, with a worldwide incidence of 1 in 700‐1000 live births. CL/P can be divided into syndromic CL/P (SCL/P) and nonsyndromic CL/P (NSCL/P). Genetic factors are an important component to the etiology of NSCL/P. ARHGAP29, one of the NSCL/P disease‐causing genes, mediates the cyclical regulation of small GTP binding proteins such as RhoA and plays an essential role in cellular shape, proliferation, and craniofacial development. Methods. The present study investigated a Chinese family with NSCL/P and explored potential pathogenic variants using whole‐exome sequencing (WES). Variants were screened and filtered through bioinformatic analysis and prediction of variant pathogenicity. Cosegregation was subsequently conducted. Results. We identified a novel heterozygous missense variant of ARHGAP29 (c.2615C > T, p.A872V) in a Chinese pedigree with NSCL/P. Conclusion. We detected the disease‐causing variant in this NSCL/P family. Our identification expands the genetic spectrum of ARHGAP29 and contributes to novel approaches to the genetic diagnosis and counseling of CL/P families.
Integrating Mobile Ad Hoc Networks with the Internet Based on OLSR
Authors: Al mojamed Mohammad
Published: October 2020

Although a standalone and isolated mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is practical in many scenarios, integration with the Internet is much more advantageous. The integration of a MANET with the Internet provides MANET users with Internet access and hence increases the scope of the MANET application. In addition, the Internet can benefit from this integration by an extension of the network coverage area. However, the integration of heterogeneous networks raises many issues. To overcome the incompatibilities between different architectures, gateways are used. This paper proposes a lightweight integration scheme for a MANET and the wider Internet, based on the optimized link state routing (OLSR). OLSR routing messages are reengineered and optimized to meet the needs of integration without involving additional routing messages for gateway discovery. The compulsory registration of a MANET node with a gateway node in a traditional integration is not required in the proposed approach, meaning that nodes can move freely within the local MANET with no disruption in the connection to another node in the external network. The proposed system is evaluated using the OMNET++ network simulator and is compared to another existing system. The simulation results demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach.
Effect of Sea-Level Change on Deep-Sea Sedimentary Records in the Northeastern South China Sea over the past 42 kyr
Authors: Wang Bin , Lei Huaiyan , Huang Fanfan , Kong Yuan , Pan Fulong , Cheng Weidong , Chen Yong , Guo Limei
Published: October 2020

We integrated multiple geochemical analysis of a 13.75 m-long core 973-4 recovered from the northeastern South China Sea (SCS) to detect the response of deep-sea sediment archives to sea-level change spanning the last 42 kyr. The age-depth model based on AMS 14C dating, together with the sediment grain size, shows an occurrence of turbidity current at around 14 kyr, which was associated with submarine landslides caused by gas hydrate dissociation. A dominantly terrigenous sediment input was supplied from southwestern Taiwan rivers. By synthesizing environment-sensitive indexes, four distinct stages of paleoenvironmental evolutions were recognized throughout the studied interval. Well-oxygenated condition occurred during the stage I (42.4-31.8 kyr) with low sea-level stand below -80 m, accompanied by flat terrigenous input. The largest amounts of terrigenous sediment input occurred during the late phase of stage II (31.8-20.4 kyr) with the lowest sea-level stand below -120 m because of a short distance from paleo-Taiwan river estuaries to the core location. An occurrence of Ca-enriched turbidity current disturbed the original sediments during the stage III (20.4-13.9 kyr). The stepwise elevated sea-level stand resulted in an enclosed (semi-enclosed) system and contributed to a relatively low-oxygen environment in deep ocean during the stage IV (13.9 kyr—present). Temporal variations of TOC and CaCO3 display contrary pattern synchronously, indicating a decoupled relationship between organic carbon burial and carbonate productivity. Our results highlight that these sedimentary records as reflected in the paleoenvironmental changes in the northeastern SCS were mainly driven by sea-level fluctuations and later, since the mid-Holocene, the strengthening East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) overwhelmed the stable sea level in dominating the environmental changes.
Temperature Control for a Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System with Unknown Dynamic Compensations
Authors: Xing Yashan , Costa-Castelló Ramon , Na Jing
Published: October 2020

Numerous control strategies of temperature regulation have been carried out for proton-exchange membrane fuel cell systems including a cooling fan in order to ensure operation at the desired condition and extend the lifetime of the fuel cell stack. However, most existing control strategies are developed without considering the efficiency limitation of the cooling system such that the cooling fan may be unable to eliminate the additional heat. Moreover, there are unknown modelling errors, external disturbance and noise during modelling and experiment processes for fuel cells. Due to those unknown dynamics, the conventional control strategies may fail to achieve the expectant results. To address this issue, an alternative control strategy is proposed in this paper, which consists of a composite proportional-integral (PI) controller with an unknown system dynamics estimator. First, the control strategy is developed by reducing the temperature of input air through the humidifier and simultaneously increasing the mass flow of air in order to eliminate the excess heat that a cooling fan cannot remove. Moreover, an unknown system dynamics estimator is proposed in order to compensate the effect of the unknown dynamics. The construction of the estimator is designed through finding an invariant manifold which implies the relation between known variables and the unknown manifold. The invariant manifold is derived by applying a simple low-pass filter to the system which is beneficial to avoid the requirement of the unmeasurable state derivative. Furthermore, the proposed estimator is easily merged into the proposed PI control strategy and ensures the exponential convergence of estimated errors. Besides, the estimator is further modified such that the derivative of the desired temperature is not required in the controller. Finally, numerical simulations of the PEMFC system are provided and the results illustrate the efficacy of the proposed control strategy.
Rock Fracture Monitoring Based on High-Precision Microseismic Event Location Using 3D Multiscale Waveform Inversion
Authors: Wang Yi , Shang Xueyi , Peng Kang , Gao Rui
Published: October 2020

Microseismic (MS) source location can help us obtain the fracture characteristics of a rock mass under a thermal-hydraulic-mechanical (THM) coupling environment. However, the commonly used ray-tracing-based location methods are easily affected by the large picking errors, multipath effects of travel time, and focusing and defocusing effects of rays in wavefield propagation, which are caused by the strong three-dimensional (3D) heterogeneity in mining areas. In this paper, we will introduce the rapidly developed waveform inversion-based location method into a mine MS field study. On this basis, the wavefields were modeled by utilizing a high-resolution 3D velocity model, a fractional-order Gaussian wavelet source-time function, and spectral element method (SEM) wavefield modeling. In order to reduce the computation cost of wavefield modeling, the 3D ray-shooting method based on a coarse grid was adopted to obtain an approximate MS event location. Based on this initial location, the multiscale waveform inversion strategy (from coarse to fine grids) and the L-BFGS iteration optimization algorithm were separately jointly selected to improve wavefield modeling speed efficiency and iterative convergence rate. Then, the IMS MS monitoring system set in the Yongshaba mine (China) and its tomographic 3D velocity model were used to conduct the synthetic test and application study. Results show that the source-time function based on the fractional-order Gaussian function wavelet can better fit complex recording waveforms compared with the conventional Ricker wavelet-based source-time function, and the waveform misfit during the L-BFGS iteration decreased rapidly. Furthermore, the multiscale waveform inversion method can obtain a similar location accuracy compared with the waveform inversion based on a single fine grid, and it can significantly decrease the iteration times and wavefield modeling computational cost. The average location error of the eight premeasured blasting events by the proposed approach is only 17.6 m, which can provide a good data research basis for analyzing MS event location and rock mass fracture characteristics in a mine.
High-Performance Routing Emulation Technologies Based on a Cloud Platform
Authors: Chen Jianyu , Wang Xiaofeng , Tao Leiting , Liu Yuan
Published: October 2020

Currently, the emergence of edge computing provides low-latency and high-efficiency computing for the Internet of Things (IoT). However, new architectures, protocols, and security technologies of edge computing need to be verified and evaluated before use. Since network emulation based on a cloud platform has advantages in scalability and fidelity, it can provide an effective network environment for verifying and evaluating new edge computing technologies. Therefore, we propose a high-performance emulation technology supporting the routing protocol based on a cloud platform. First, we take OpenStack as a basic network environment. To improve the performance and scalability of routing emulation, we then design the routing emulation architecture according to the software-defined network (SDN) and design the cluster scheduling mechanism. Finally, the design of the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol can support communication with physical routers. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate that this technology not only can provide a realistic OSPF protocol but also has obvious advantages in the overhead and performance of routing nodes compared with those of other network emulation technologies. Furthermore, the realization of the controller cluster improves the scalability in the emulation scale.
Methane-Rich Saline Alleviates CA/CPR Brain Injury by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress, Microglial Activation-Induced Inflammatory Responses, and ER Stress-Mediated Apoptosis
Authors: Cui Ruixia , Liu Sinan , Wang Cong , Liu Tong , Ren Jie , Jia Yifan , Tong Yingmu , Liu Chang , Zhang Jingyao
Published: October 2020

Brain injury induced by cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR) is the leading cause of death among patients who have recovery of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Inflammatory response, apoptosis, and oxidative stress are proven pathological mechanisms implicated in neuronal damage. Methane-rich saline (MRS) has been proven that exerts a beneficial protectiveness impact in several models of ischemia-reperfusion injury. The goal of this paper is to ascertain the role of MRS in CA/CPR-induced brain injury and its potential mechanisms. The tracheal intubation of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was clamped for 6 min to establish an asphyxiating cardiac arrest model. After that, chest compressions were applied; then, MRS or saline was administered immediately post-ROSC, the rats were sacrificed, and brain tissue was collected at the end of 6 hours. We observed that MRS treatment attenuated neuronal damage in the hippocampal CA1 region by inhibiting microglial activation, leading to a decrease in the overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and iNOS. The results also illustrated that MRS treatment diminished apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 region , reduced the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins Bax and cleaved caspase9, and increased Bcl-2 expression, as well as inhibited the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway-related proteins GRP78, ATF4, and CHOP. Further findings showed that MRS treatment significantly attenuated hippocampal ROS and MDA levels and increased GSH and SOD antioxidant factor levels, which indicated that MRS treatment could inhibit oxidative stress. Our results suggest that MRS exerts a protective effect against CA/CPR brain injury, by inhibiting oxidative stress, microglial activation-induced inflammatory responses, and ER stress-mediated apoptosis.
The Stability Conditions for a Heavy Solid Motion
Authors: Ismail A. I.
Published: October 2020

In this paper, the stability conditions for the rotary motion of a heavy solid about its fixed point are considered. The center of mass of the body is assumed to lie on the moving z-axis which is assumed to be the minor axis of the ellipsoid of inertia. The nonlinear equations of motion and their three first integrals are obtained when the principal moments of inertia are distributed as

I

1

<

I

2

<

I

3

. We construct a Lyapunov function L to investigate the stability conditions for this motion. We give a numerical example to illustrate the necessary and sufficient conditions for the stability of the body at certain moments of inertia. This problem has many important applications in different sciences.
Calculation of Bearing Capacity and Deformation of Composite Pile Foundation with Long and Short Piles in Loess Areas
Authors: Ma Tianzhong , Zhu Yanpeng , Yang Xiaohui
Published: October 2020

In order to calculate the bearing capacity and settlement deformation of composite pile foundations with long and short piles in collapsible loess areas, the theoretical approximate solution was used to obtain the location of the neutral point of single piles. Additionally, based on the equation to calculate the bearing capacity of multielement composite foundations, a method considering the negative frictional resistance was proposed for calculating the bearing capacity of composite pile foundations with long and short piles. Based on the shear displacement method and the principle of deformation control, an equation to calculate the displacement and deformation of a composite pile foundation was presented. A model test with different operating conditions, i.e., a single pile, four piles, and eight piles, was designed to verify the proposed calculation methods. The results show that the location of the neutral point has a significant influence on the single‐pile negative frictional resistance, and the neutral point ratio of the calculation meets the value range of the practical project. When the load at the top of the pile is relatively small, the experimental curve is consistent with the theoretical calculation curve, whereas when the load is comparatively large, the theoretically calculated displacement increase at the top of the pile is greater than the measured one. Under the premise that the theoretical calculation is in good agreement with the results, the theoretical value is larger than the actual value. And it contributes to strengthening engineering safety.
Failure Behavior and Energy Storage and Release of Hard Coal under Different Static and Dynamic Loading States
Authors: Hao XianJie , Pan GuangYao , Ma Chaoxing , Wei Yingnan , Chen Zeyu
Published: October 2020

The study of the energy accumulation and rate of release in hard coal under dynamic, static, and coupled dynamic‐static loading and its failure mode is of significance when studying the mechanism underpinning coal mine dynamic disasters such as rock burst, coal, and gas outburst. In this paper, four experimental methods (uniaxial compression, Brazilian splitting, and coupled dynamic‐static tensile and coupled dynamic‐static compression) were used to analyze the energy accumulation, energy rate of release, and failure modes of this type of hard coal under different loading conditions. It was concluded that (1) the energy accumulation and rate of releases of this type of hard coal under static compression are 17.63–179.90 times and 18.57–13157.89 times those under static tension; the energy accumulation and rate of releases in dynamic compression are 2.11–248.53 and 0.23–48 times those under dynamic tension, respectively. (2) During dynamic loading, the ratio of compressive energy accumulation to tensile energy accumulation is reduced by 1.6 times compared with static loading, and the ratio of compressive energy release to tensile energy rate of release is decreased by 363.84 times compared with static loading. (3) The energy accumulation and rate of releases of this type of hard coal for dynamic tensile are, respectively, 2.64–17.42 and 1.07–5.26 times those under static tensile load; the energy accumulation under dynamic compression is greater than that under static compression, being 0.24–15.04 times that under static compressive, but the energy rate of release under dynamic compression is 0.0003–0.56 times that under static compression. (4) The greater the prepeak energy accumulation, the greater the degree of damage of the coal sample at each stage, and also the higher the degree of fragmentation after the failure. The research results play an important guiding role in further understanding the mechanism of coal mine dynamic disasters.
Evaluation of Two Parts of Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd. from Different Chinese Areas by Multicomponent Content Determination and Pattern Recognition
Authors: Wei Min , Tuo Yangling , Zhang Ye , Deng Qi , Shi Cuiying , Chen Xuexian , Zhang Xu
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this work is to establish a new method using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) with chemometrics analysis to determine the content of catechin, isoquercetin, astragalin, phloridzin, trilobatin, and phloretin for one flavanol and five flavonoids, filter out the key compounds, and evaluate the quality of 26 batches of tender leaves and flower spikes of Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd. (LP) from ten areas in China. The result showed that the HPLC-DAD method had excellent performance for accurate quantification analysis. S3 (tender leaf from Lushan, Sichuan) had the highest contents for six measured chemicals with trilobatin content of up to 27.82% in dry weight. S22 (flower spike from Liangping, Chongqing) had the highest content of phloridzin (up to 7.28%). All samples were divided into three types based on spatial distribution using principal component analysis. The result showed that the tender leaves and flower spikes from the same areas had many similar properties, and there were significant differences between the samples from different regions. Furthermore, phloridzin and trilobatin were identified as chemical markers for quality evaluation of two parts with different tender leaves and flower spikes of LP from geographical areas by orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis. These results will be helpful to establish an effective and comprehensive evaluation system of the development and utilization of LP resources.
Dynamic Tensile Test of Granite and Its Tensile Sensitivity
Authors: Man Ke , Song Zhifei , Liu Xiaoli
Published: October 2020

Through the dynamic splitting tensile test under various loading rates, different mechanical parameters have been analyzed; not only the dynamic peak stress but also the dynamic peak strain has a good linear relationship with the strain rate. The tensile sensitivity obtained from the dynamic tensile test increases with strain rate gradually, and it shows a nearly linear relation, which fully indicates that the granite specimen is a strain rate sensitive material. Moreover, with the numerical simulation, the damage area of the specimen is consistent with the actual failure mode of the specimen. Furthermore, the influenced factor on the dynamic tensile strength is discussed, which illuminates that the most fundamental reason of the rate effect is that the stress wave velocity is faster than the crack propagation velocity in the specimen during the impact process.
Collaborative Multidepot Petrol Station Replenishment Problem with Multicompartments and Time Window Assignment
Authors: Xu Guangcan , Xu Maozeng , Wang Yong , Liu Yong , Lv Qiguang
Published: October 2020

Energy supply is an important system that affects the overall efficiency of urban transportation. To improve the system operational efficiency and reduce costs, we formulate and solve a collaborative multidepot petrol station replenishment problem with multicompartments and time window assignment by establishing a mixed-integer linear programming model. The hybrid heuristic algorithm composed of genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization is used as a solution, and then the Shapley value method is applied to analyze the profit allocation of each petrol depot under different coalitions. The optimal membership sequence of the cooperation is determined according to the strict monotone path. To analyze and verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, a regional petrol supply network in Chongqing city in China is investigated. Through cooperation between petrol depots in the supply network, the utilization of customer clustering, time window coordination, and distribution truck sharing can significantly reduce the total operation costs and improve the efficiency of urban transportation energy supply. This approach can provide theoretical support for relevant government departments and enterprises to make optimal decisions. The implementation of the joint distribution of energy can promote the sustainable development of urban transportation.
Research on Selection Method of Privacy Parameter
ε
Authors: Sun Pan Jun
Published: October 2020

Budget factor is an important factor to measure the intensity of differential privacy, and its allocation scheme has a great impact on privacy protection. This paper studies the selection of the parameter

ε

in several cases of differential privacy. Firstly, this paper proposes a differential privacy protection parameter configuration method based on fault tolerance interval and analyzes the adversaryʼs fault tolerance under different noise distribution location parameters and scale parameters. Secondly, this paper proposes an algorithm to optimize the application scenarios of multiquery, studies the location parameters and scale parameters in detail, and proposes a differential privacy mechanism to solve the multiuser query scenarios. Thirdly, this paper proposes the differential privacy parameter selection methods based on the single attack and repeated attacks and calculates the upper bound of the parameter

ε

based on the sensitivity

Δ
q

, the length of the fault tolerance interval

L

, and the success probability

p

as long as the fault tolerance interval. Finally, we have carried out a variety of simulation experiments to verify our research scheme and give the corresponding analysis results.
Trefoil System for the Treatment of Mandibular Edentulism: A Case Report with 30 Months Follow-Up
Authors: Borgonovo Andrea E. , Galbiati Simone L. M. , Re Dino
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this work is to describe a clinical case of full-arch mandible rehabilitation with a fixed prosthesis on three implants. The chosen protocol is the Trefoil system by Nobel (Nobel Biocare, Zurich, Switzerland) that allows to realize a mandibular fixed rehabilitation on three particularly designed fixtures through the use of prefabricated surgical guides and a preassembled bar on which the prosthesis is built. Both surgical and prosthetic procedures were completed without complications, and after 30 months, the rehabilitations are in good health conditions. The patient is able to maintain a good level of hygiene and is satisfied with the work from an aesthetic and functional point of view.
Prediction on Peak Values of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Chinese Transportation Industry Based on the SVR Model and Scenario Analysis
Authors: Zhu Changzheng , Wang Meng , Du Wenbo
Published: October 2020

As the largest emitter of greenhouse gases in the world, the peak values of Chinese CO2 emissions have attracted extensive attention at home and abroad. The carbon dioxide emissions of the Chinese transportation industry, accounting for 9.5% of total carbon dioxide emissions, is one of the high-emission industries, and its total carbon dioxide emissions continue to rise. Therefore, the accurate prediction of the peak values of carbon dioxide emissions from the Chinese transportation industry is helpful for China to formulate a reasonable policy of carbon dioxide emissions control. This paper, firstly, selects six major factors affecting the carbon dioxide emissions of the Chinese transportation industry. They are the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), population, urbanization rate, energy consumption structure, energy intensity, and industrial structure. Then, it builds a prediction model of carbon dioxide emissions based on Support Vector Regression (SVR). Finally, it analyses the sensitivity of each factor. The predicted results show that, under the baseline scenario, they will reach a peak of 1365.71 million tons in 2040; under the low-carbon scenario, the carbon dioxide emissions of Chinese transportation will peak at 1115.43 million tons in 2036; and in the high-carbon scenario, the peak value will occur in 2046 and the carbon dioxide emissions will be 1738.18 million tons. In order to promote the early peak of carbon dioxide emissions from the transportation industry, it is, firstly, necessary to change the mode of economic growth and appropriately reduce the speed of economic development. Secondly, the energy intensity of the transportation industry is reduced and the utilization rate of clean energy is improved. Thirdly, the industrial structure is optimized. Fourthly, the carbon dioxide emissions of the transportation industry caused by the increased urbanization rate are reasonably controlled.
The Rare Occurrence of a Left Atrial Thrombus in a Dog
Authors: Otto Sven , Höpfner Robert
Published: October 2020

Intracardiac thrombi are rare in dogs. If they occur, they are mostly seen in the right atrium while only two case reports describing a mural left atrial thrombus in dogs are available. This case report describes a 14-year-old mixed-breed bitch that was presented at the clinic because of dyspnoea. The dog suffered from alopecia for about three years and displayed polyuria and polydipsia for a number of months. Clinical examination revealed intensified inspiratory and expiratory respiratory sounds and various heart sounds. Chest X-ray showed cardiomegaly (VHS 11) and a mixed bronchoalveolar lung pattern of the caudal lung. A transthoracic echocardiography was performed and showed a moderate mitral regurgitation, a highly dilated left atrium, a low-grade pulmonary insufficiency, and a minimal aortic and tricuspid insufficiency. Additionally, a free-floating ball thrombus was found in the left atrium. Hyperadrenocorticism was indicated by an ACTH stimulation test. The previous medical therapy of the referring veterinarian consisted of benazepril and furosemide and was complemented by clopidogrel. The pet owners declined any further clinical diagnostics and therapy. The dog died 19 days later. This is the first reported case of a dog with a free-floating left atrial thrombus. Specific therapeutic strategies for intracardiac thrombi in the dog are currently not available, and therefore, every patient should be treated individually.
Damage Detection in Plates with the Use of Laser-Measured Mode Shapes
Authors: Dworakowski Ziemowit , Dziedziech Kajetan , Zdziebko Pawel , Mendrok Krzysztof
Published: October 2020

This paper presents the use of laser vibrometer measurements to detect and locate damage in a metal plate. An algorithm based on local spatial filters was selected, and for the purpose of comparison, the fault location was also determined based on the wavelet analysis of mode shapes. The research was carried out first on the created finite element model of aluminum plate, where two kinds of damage of increasing size and temperature change were simulated. After obtaining positive results, a laboratory experiment was carried out, which consisted of measuring the vibration of the aluminum plate with the laser vibrometer in undamaged condition, at increased temperatures, and with various damage scenarios. The conclusions of the laboratory experiment confirm the damage detection capabilities of the methods but question their damage localization potential.
Epigenetic Regulation of Dental Pulp Stem Cell Fate
Authors: Zhou Dan , Gan Lu , Peng Yiran , Zhou Yachuan , Zhou Xin , Wan Mian , Fan Yi , Xu Xin , Zhou Xuedong , Zheng Liwei , Du Wei
Published: October 2020

Epigenetic regulation, mainly involving DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs, affects gene expression without modifying the primary DNA sequence and modulates cell fate. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from dental pulp, also called dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), exhibit multipotent differentiation capacity and can promote various biological processes, including odontogenesis, osteogenesis, angiogenesis, myogenesis, and chondrogenesis. Over the past decades, increased attention has been attracted by the use of DPSCs in the field of regenerative medicine. According to a series of studies, epigenetic regulation is essential for DPSCs to differentiate into specialized cells. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms involved in the epigenetic regulation of the fate of DPSCs.
HSE Risk Assessment of Major Sewage Transport Tunnel Projects at the Construction Stage Based on the StructuralEntropy Weight Method and the Cloud Model
Authors: Wu Han , Liu Sen , Liu Denghui , Wang Junwu
Published: October 2020

The health, safety, and environment (HSE) risk assessment of major sewage transport tunnel projects (MSTTPs) is of great significance to guarantee sewage treatment, ecological environment protection, and sustainable development. To accurately evaluate the HSE risk of MSTTPs at the construction stage and effectively deal with their randomness and ambiguity, a risk assessment model based on the structural entropy weight method (SEWM) and the cloud model is put forward in this paper. First, an index system for MSTTPs was constructed via a literature review and expert interviews, and the rough sets method was used to filter the indicators. Then, weights were calculated by the SEWM, which is able to consider both subjective and objective factors of the weight calculation. Finally, to clarify the randomness and ambiguity in the evaluation, the HSE risk level was determined by the cloud similarity. The model was applied to the Donghu Deep Tunnel Project in Wuhan, China, and the results demonstrated that its HSE risk level was medium, which was acceptable. The index related to construction safety had the largest weight. A humid environment, improper power utilization, and sludge and mud pollution were found to be the most influential risk indicators. The risk level could be intuitively and qualitatively judged by the figure evaluation cloud, providing a vivid and rapid evaluation tool for the emergency decision‐making of project managers, and the risk level could be quantitatively judged by the calculation of cloud similarity. Moreover, through the comparison with gray correlation degree, set pair analysis, and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method evaluation results, we prove the scientificity and effectiveness of the proposed model. The research results provide a valuable reference for the project management of MSTTPs at the construction stage.
Elevated Cardiac Troponin T in Patients with Lupus Myositis Presenting with Noncardiac Chest Pain
Authors: Katz Guy , Kolasinski Sharon L. , Sundaram Baskaran , Loizidis Giorgos
Published: October 2020

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presenting with chest pain pose a unique diagnostic challenge, with causes ranging from cardiopulmonary disease to esophageal disorders and musculoskeletal chest wall pain. The most common biomarkers for myocardial injury are cardiac troponin T and I (cTnT and cTnI) due to their high sensitivity for the early detection of myocardial infarction. In the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, cTnT is commonly elevated, and this reflects skeletal muscle breakdown rather than myocardial damage. Similar observations have not been reported in SLE myositis to date. We present two cases of patients with SLE and associated myositis who presented with chest pain and elevated cTnT. Both patients had a normal cTnI, transthoracic echocardiogram, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, likely indicating noncardiac chest pain. Clinicians should be aware that the specificity of cTnT might be lower in SLE myositis and that cTnI elevation may be more specific in detecting myocardial insult.
Experimental Investigations on Crack Propagation Characteristics of Granite Rectangle Plate with a Crack (GRPC) under Different Blast Loading Rates
Authors: Liu Xin , Yang Jun , Xu Zhenyang , Guo Lianjun , Tang Hongliang
Published: October 2020

The experimental system of 3D digital image correlation (3D-DIC) is set up to eliminate a certain extent of out-of-plane motion for accurate measuring the full-field strain field during crack propagation, and the effect of blast loading rates of fracture behavior of granite rectangle plate with a crack (GRPC) is investigated. The experimental results indicated that the maximum values of the strain concentration zone do not fully represent the crack tip during the whole process of crack propagation. The axial strain threshold value tip (ASTVT) plotting with lines and coordinate contours corresponding with the actual crack at the shooting area can be used to describe the position of the crack. The axial strain 1.3% is more practical to obtain crack velocity and average crack velocity, and the average crack velocity decreases as the blast loading rates increase. Through observing the relationship between crack width and time, it can be found that there are three stages, and the crack width increases as the blast loading rates increase.