bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Qualified Immunity and Constitutional Structure
Authors: Mims Crocker Katherine
Published: March 2021

A range of scholars has subjected qualified immunity to a wave of criticism— and for good reasons. But the Supreme Court continues to apply the doctrine in ever more aggressive ways. By advancing two claims, this Article seeks to make some sense of this conflict and to suggest some thoughts toward a resolution.

First, while the Court has offered and scholars have rejected several rationales for the doctrine, layering in an account grounded in structural constitutional concerns provides a historically richer and analytically thicker understanding of the current qualified-immunity regime. For suits against federal officials, qualified immunity acts as a “compensating adjustment” to the separation-of-powers error ostensibly underlying the Court’s decision to allow such suits without congressional approval. For suits against state officials, qualified immunity addresses federalism concerns by leveling the field for constitutional enforcement so that state defendants do not face harsher penalties than their federal counterparts do.

Second, while this structural account situates the doctrine within powerful constitutional currents, it does not justify the current qualified-immunity regime. For suits against federal officials, the structural account articulates a poor compensating adjustment because qualified immunity supplies an awkward solution to any separation-of-powers problem. For suits against state officials, the structural account appears to rest on a notion of “freestanding federalism” that is too far removed from the actual constitutional design.

Alongside prior scholarship, and for different reasons for suits against federal and state officials, this analysis leaves the present model of qualified immunity ripe for rejection or replacement with a more rights-protective alternative.
Separate and Unequal: The Law of "Domestic" and "International" Terrorism
Authors: Sinnar Shirin
Published: March 2021

U.S. law differentiates between two categories of terrorism. “International terrorism” covers threats with a putative international nexus, even when they stem from U.S. citizens or residents acting only within the United States. “Domestic terrorism” applies to political violence thought to be purely domestic in its origin and intended impact. The law permits broader surveillance, wider criminal charges, and more punitive treatment for crimes labeled international terrorism. Law enforcement agencies frequently consider U.S. Muslims “international” threats even when they have scant foreign ties. As a result, they police and punish them more intensely than white nationalists and other “domestic” threats. This legal divide not only harms individuals and communities but also reinforces distorted public perceptions of terrorism that fuel anti-immigrant and discriminatory policies.

This Article is the first to challenge the domestic–international divide in U.S. terrorism law. It maps the divergence in the investigation, prosecution, and punishment of terrorism. It then refutes the three leading rationales for the divide: (1) civil liberties; (2) federalism; and (3) the magnitude of the threats. It further argues that, once the law divides threats into the “domestic” and “international,” the latter category will predictably expand to cover U.S. individuals perceived as “foreign,” even if they are citizens with negligible relationships abroad. Policymakers should reject the legal divide as both incoherent and invidious. But rather than “ratchet up” the criminalization of domestic terrorism in the name of equality, they should make the law’s approach to “international” terrorism more accountable and just.
Secret Searches: The SCA's Standing Conundrum
Authors: Halpern Aviv
Published: March 2021

The Stored Communications Act (“SCA”) arms federal law enforcement agencies with the ability to use a special type of warrant to access users’ electronically stored communications. In some circumstances, SCA warrants can require service providers to bundle and produce a user’s electronically stored communications without ever disclosing the existence of the warrant to the individual user until charges are brought. Users that are charged will ultimately receive notice of the search after the fact through their legal proceedings. Users that are never charged, however, may never know that their communications were obtained and searched. This practice effectively makes the provisions of the SCA that allow for nondisclosure unreviewable by the judiciary. Users that were searched but not charged have standing to challenge the scope of these warrants, but receive no notice that the search occurred. Service providers receive notice but have no standing on behalf of their users under the Fourth Amendment. This Note argues that the nondisclosure orders, therefore, create a procedural due process violation in addition to a Fourth Amendment violation. Users may have their privacy and property interests infringed without a meaningful opportunity to be heard. Under a due process theory, as opposed to a Fourth Amendment theory, this practice can finally be judicially reviewed.
Transparenthood
Authors: Katyal Sonia , Turner Ilona
Published: March 2021

Despite the growing recognition of transgender rights in both law and culture, there is one area of law that has lagged behind: family law’s treatment of transgender parents. We perform an investigation of the way that transgender parents are treated in case law and discover striking results regarding the outcomes for transgender parents within the family court system. Despite significant gains for transgender plaintiffs in employment and other areas of law, the evidence reveals an array of ways in which the family court system has systematically alienated the rights and interests of transgender parents. In many cases involving custody or visitation, we find that the transgender parent loses their bid, sometimes even losing their right to be recognized as a parent. This absence of equal treatment is striking and deserving of analysis, particularly given the law’s shift toward a standard that is supposed to minimize the risk of bias in LGBT parenting cases. In a striking number of cases, however, we found evidence of persistent bias regarding the gender identity and expression of the transgender parent—which we refer to as transition, contagion, and volition related concerns—that underscores the courts’ analysis. Normatively, this Article calls for a deeper interrogation of the ways in which family equality can be expanded—and even reoriented—to better protect the interests of transgender parents within the family law system. As a solution, we propose a way to balance courts’ broad discretion with the disproportionate risk that bias will infect the decisionmaking, resulting in irreparable harm to both the child and the parent.
The specialist’s report as a prerequisite for proving infringement of intellectual property rights in criminal cases
Authors: Kompanets Yevhenii
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the study of use of the specialist’s knowledge and the results of his participation in criminal proceedings(providing a report) as a means of proving the crimes towards intellectual property rights. The purpose of involvement of the specialistand tasks handled by the specialist during pre-trial investigation and trial have been considered. The legal status of the specialist hasbeen analyzed, vagueness and incompleteness of the specialist’s rights have been emphasized, absence of the mechanism of involvement of the specialist and the procedure of formalizing the results of his/her participation in criminal proceedings has been stated. Ithas been proved why in the majority of cases the specialist of the right holder/official manufacturer serves as the subject of applyingspecial knowledge in the crimes related to infringement of intellectual property rights.The practice of use of the specialist’s knowledge (providing a report) in the course of pre-trial investigation, trial and evaluationof the specialist’s report by the courts, including ECtHR has been provided. Decision of ECtHR stresses the importance of recognitionand evaluation of the specialist’s report as evidence, it is of universal significance for all parties to the criminal proceedings and it willstrengthen their positions. The possibility of use of knowledge of the specialist (right holder/official manufacturer) not only in thecourse of investigative actions has been substantiated.Amendments to the CPC of Ukraine are proposed, which are aimed at simplifying proving and increasing the efficiency of pretrialinvestigation body in crimes of this category, namely to elaborate and expand the rights/the list of actions of the specialist (examinationof items/documents), to determine the mechanism of involving the specialist, to include the specialist’s report in the list of documents,which serve as written evidence.
Novels of legal regulation of the video-sharing platforms in the context of the related rights in the programme
Authors: Stroyko Iryna
Published: March 2021

In thisArticle the author reveals the interrelation of the term of the online content-sharing service provider under the EU Directiveon copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market and term of video-sharing platform provider under the revised AudiovisualMedia Services Directive (AVMSD).Section (62) of the recitals of the Directive on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market highlights that the definitionof the online content sharing service provider should target only online services that play an important role on the online contentmarket by competing with other online content services, such as online audio and video streaming services, for the same audiences.The author emphasizes that the distinctive feature of the activities of the online content-sharing service provider should be theintent to make direct or indirect profitGuidelines on video-sharing platforms under the revised AVMSD as issued by the European Commission on the 2nd of July 2020stipulate for four (4) categories of indicators to be considered by the EU member states while assessing specific service as a video-sha -ring platform service:1) the relationship between the audiovisual content and the main economic activity or activities of the service;2) quantitative and qualitative relevance of the audiovisual content available on the service;3) monetisation of the audiovisual content or revenue generation from such content;4) the availability of tools aimed at enhancing the visibility or attractiveness of the audiovisual content.In the author’s opinion, the above mentioned indicators may be also taken into account for the purpose of qualification of theonline content-sharing service provider under Directive on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market.The revisedAVMSD provides for the new definition of the term “programme”, according to which a set of objects of copyright andrelated rights may be chosen by a media service provider not only within a schedule (being characteristic for the traditional linear TV), butwithin a specific catalogue established by such provider (being an element of the non-linear TV, i.e. video-on-demand services).The author discovers the peculiarities of realization of the act of communication to the public by the online content-sharing ser -vice provider under the legislation of the European Union.She analyzes the judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) with respect to the definition of right of communicationto public in cases of sale of a multimedia player with pre-installed add-ons containing hyperlinks to illegal streaming websitesand activities of peer-to-peer networks.The author makes a comparison of the definition of video-sharing platform given under the draft Law of Ukraine “On Media”with the terminology used in the EU Directives. She highlights the necessity of harmonization of the current legislation of Ukraine tothe requirements of the EU legislation regulating the activities of video-sharing platform providers.
Analysis of international legislation on non-interference in personal and family life
Authors: Udovenko Zhanna
Published: March 2021

Abstract. This article analyzes the basic principles of international legal acts, the Constitution of the USA and the countries ofthe European Union, regulating relations in the sphere of protection personal and family life. Due to the fact that the concept of “noninterferenceinto privacy” is relatively new to the criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine, the basics for normative legal regulationof a justified interference with privacy by state authorities while conducting criminal investigations are emphasized; their importancefor criminal investigation is paid special attention in judicial consideration along with taking into account the specifics of national le -gislation. The purpose of the article is to investigate the concept of the right to non-interference within the privacy.The study determined the peculiarities of national regulatory approaches to non-interference with private life that have developedlegislation and years of experience in protecting human rights and freedoms. This paper summarizes the international experience ofleading countries in the field of protection of personal and family life is generalized. Since the concept of “non-interference with privatelife” is relatively new to the domestic legislation of Ukraine, it is of great interest to study foreign experience of legal regulation of thisbasis of criminal proceedings. The specificity of the purpose and objectives of the study necessitated the use of dialectical, comparative-legal, historical-legal, formal-logical, system-structural, sociological, and statistical and other methods of scientific search.As a result of the research, on the basis of the analysis of international legal documents, the Constitution of Ukraine, the CriminalProcedure Code of Ukraine and the positions covered in scientific publications, special attention is paid to the urgency on observing theguarantees of non-interference with privacy in criminal proceedings, when there is a high risk of violation of rights and legitimate interestsof its participants. It is argued that restrictions on these rights are possible only in the manner guaranteed by the law and solely toachieve the objectives of criminal proceedings in order to protect the state, society and individual citizens from criminal encroachments.
Use of financial monitoring in the investigation of crimes in the economic sphere
Authors: Chasova Tetiana
Published: March 2021

The scientific article analyzes the conduct of financial monitoring during the investigation of economic crimes. The position ofscientists on the definition of financial monitoring and its role in the formation of economic security of the state is studied. The mainstatements of the Law of Ukraine “On Prevention and Counteraction to Legalization (Laundering) of Proceeds from Crime, Financingof Terrorism and Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction” on financial monitoring and standards of the Group for Developmentof Financial Measures to Combat Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing (FAT) and European Union Directive 2015/849 “On theprevention of the use of the financial system for the purpose of money laundering and terrorist financing”.Ensuring the economic security of the state is possible provided that the fight against legalization (laundering) of proceeds fromcrime. Economic crimes undermine the economic and financial system of the state, encroach on the legitimate interests of individuals.Financial monitoring is a form of financial control and its conduct as part of a criminal investigation and is a means of proof.The problem of legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime in recent years has become particularly important because itthreatens the economic security of the country. That is why the state implements measures of enhanced control in this matter throughlegal regulation of financial monitoring. The purpose of criminal proceedings is to resolve controversial issues, including the appropriatefinancial monitoring of suspicious activities related to money laundering.The financial monitoring system covers all financial service providers and determines that there should be cooperation in resol -ving issues related to the legalization of proceeds from crime. The issue of the use of financial monitoring in criminal proceedings hasbeen studied by researchers and practitioners, but many issues remain unresolved.
The practice of the Supreme Court and the decisions of the European Court concluding violations of artic - le 3 of the Convention
Authors: Radzivill Alla
Published: March 2021

Law enforcement practice of the Supreme Court in cases involving torture in the light of the standards of the European Court ofHuman Rights. The article is devoted to the study of individual legal positions of the Supreme Court, their coordination with the practiceof the European Court of Human Rights. The author emphasizes that the decisions of the European Court should serve as precedents,which will make it impossible to produce diametrically opposite decisions on similar categories of cases. Analysis of the problem ofcriminal responsibility for torture allows us to form conclusions and suggestions that are important for the development of the theoryof criminal law and the improvement of law enforcement practice.The article deals with the issues related to the peculiarities of the interpretation and application of Article 3 of the European Conventionon Human Rights of the European Court of Human Rights. In particular, the scope of Article 3 has been analyzed; it has been de -fined, what is necessary to understand under concepts of torture, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. Substantive and proceduralaspects of violations of the prohibition of torture have been revealed, as well as positive and negative obligations of a state to providethe effective protection of the right. The standards of the appropriate assessment of ill-treatment and the main aspects of judicial qualificationof a particular form of mistreatment as torture have been analyzed. The procedural guarantees, which must be provided for each personat the stage of pre-trial investigation, non-observance of which leads to a breach of Article 3 of the Convention, have been determined.Creation of the effective system of protection of human rights and its efficiency is analysed in relation to the crime of “torture”in the context of European Convention on human rights, which must be in future stored and taken for basis for a further improvementand systematization of the single European standards in area of human rights.
COVID-19 and its possible impact on the UN system
Authors: Zhukorska Yaryna
Published: March 2021

In the article, the author analyzes the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the activities of the UN system. Draws attention tothe ineffectiveness of the UN itself, WHO, as well as the activities of the Security Council and the General Assembly during this period.Draws a parallel with the Spanish flu of the early twentieth century and explores its impact on the development of international orga -nizations.The coronavirus pandemic has shown that the priority for any state is primarily national interests, not common ones. The existenceof international law and international mechanisms has simply been forgotten in the context of protecting national interests. Internationalorganizations such as the United Nations and the World Health Organization have proved ineffective and inflexible and tooslow to deal effectively with today’s threats.In fact, during the pandemic, the UN failed to reach a consensus on joint action in a critical international situation. The Secretary-General has openly stated that he expects the problem to be resolved and concrete measures to be taken by the G-20.As for WHO, its actions have been somewhat slow, but it has responded to information from Member States.According to the WHO, the main reason for such a rapid spread of the virus was the reluctance of states to heed the recommendationsof the WHO.There is currently no alternative to health cooperation other than WHO. Despite the shortcomings in its operation, which haveemerged in the face of such a large-scale and rapid threat, it is appropriate to improve decision-making in such situations, as well as toprovide additional leverage over Member States. Collective security must come first here, not the sovereign interests of an individualstate, be it China, the United States or Germany.The main problem for both the UN and WHO has been the imperfect decision-making mechanism. On the issue with the UN –the right of veto in the Security Council, WHO – the recommendatory nature of the decisions. Considers the possibility of grantingsupranational powers to the UN in key areas where the issue of collective security must clearly prevail over national interests. Jointaction must be the only right solution for the international community in combating today’s threats. And the national interest in suchcases must come after collective security.
ZİDDİYƏT ANLAYIŞININ DİLDƏ İFADƏ FORMALARI
Authors:   Bakı Dövlət Universiteti, Oktay qızı Səfərli Xanım
Published: March 2021

Key words: conflict, antonym, form, language, conception
AN INTRODUCTION TO ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS’ IMPLEMENTATION AS A POSITIVE OBLIGATION
Authors:   Baku State University, Mubariz Alizada Arzu
Published: March 2021

Key words: economic rights, social rights, cultural rights, implementation, enforcement
THE PROCESS OF DEVELOPING SOCIAL INNOVATIONS IN AZERBAIJAN AND ITS PERSPECTIVES (Theses)
Authors:   Baku State University, Novruz Ismayilzadeh Tural
Published: March 2021

Intensive development of production and the application of innovative technical processes contributed to the reduction of the time for innovation cycles; also acceleration is observed for the tempo of updates, developed technologies and manufactured products. [1] The available system of priorities regarding the budgetary funds of enterprises and organizations involved in innovative activities is currently not effective. Their fundamental bases are underestimated in terms of the development of the components of an innovation system. In case of crisis circumstances, funds are allocated from the state budget to finance applied studies that will not be competitive in the domestic and foreign markets. Unfortunately, the lack of mechanisms for determining the priorities for scientific and technological development by the government, as well as the lack of methodological criteria for an objective assessment of the activities of various scientific organizations do not make it possible to direct resources to support national scientific institutions and organizations involved in innovative activities.
PEDAQOGİKA ELMİNDƏ YAŞ DƏRƏCƏLƏRİNİN ХÜSUSİYYƏTLƏRİ
Authors:   Bakı Slavyan Universiteti, Musa qızı Quluzadə Günay
Published: March 2021

Key words:Age, psychological characteristics, school, teacher,division
“MƏHKƏMƏ BAXIŞININ HƏDLƏRİ” MƏHKƏMƏ BAXIŞININ ÜMUMİ ŞƏRTİ KİMİ
Authors:   Bakı, Azərbaycan, Əli oğlu Həşimli Həşim
Published: March 2021

Key words: accusation, prosecutor, limit, victim
TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY IN THE MODERN EUROPEAN SPACE – THE POSITION OF EUROPE ON NAGORNO-KARABAKH CONFLICT
Authors:   Baku State University, Elshan Salimli Elgul
Published: March 2021

Key words: Azerbaijan, Nagorno-Karabakh, Territorial integrity, Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), European Union, United Nation
UNFAIR COMPETITION REGULATION IN AZERBAIJAN
Authors:   Bakı Dövlət Universiteti, Məzahir qızıCahangirli Gülarə
Published: March 2021

Key words: unfair competition, state regulation, state policies
The Effects of Climate Change on Occupational Safety and Health
Authors: Kuok Ho Daniel Tang
Published: March 2021

Climate change has far-reaching impacts not only on the ecosystems but on the astrosphere. Its effects on the astrosphere are multi-tiered from an entire nation down to individuals including the working population. It alters exposure to environmental hazards and the subsequent occupational risks. This review looks into how various aspects of climate change influence occupational safety and health, and provides recommendations for workplace adaptation. This review examines official data and peer-reviewed scholarly articles published in the past 15 to 20 years to draw the impacts and recommendations. It highlights the susceptibility of outdoor workers to heat and humidity caused by global warming and their works often require high physical demand and the wearing of personal protective clothing which exacerbate heat impacts. Excessive heat causes excessive sweating which could lead to dehydration and kidney disease. Mounting heat reduces working capacity and productivity besides increasing respiration rate hence exposure to chemicals through inhalation. Extreme weather events, particularly wildfires resulted from drought and increasing temperature present high occupational risk to firefighters and other outdoor workers in the wildfire zones, exposing them to extreme heat and numerous air pollutants. Global warming has been linked to increased lightning strikes and more severe heatwaves threatening workers. Flooding and more intense storms increase the occupational risks of those working on sea and in coastal areas. Climate change also alters the distribution and prevalence of disease vectors, creating new occupational risk. Adaptations should take into consideration climate change and workers’ protection in building designs, coastline protection and adaptive response.

Keywords: Adaptation; Climate change; Extreme weather; Heat; Safety and health; Workplace
Quick response codes for virtual learner evaluation of teaching and attendance monitoring
Authors: Mo Roxana , Wright Emily , MacGarrow Iain , Pathak Sangeeta
Published: March 2021

Monitoring attendance and obtaining timely learner evaluations for virtual teaching sessions can be challenging. At our Obstetrics and Gynecology webinar programme, we have utilised Quick Response (QR) codes this purpose. Following each session, attendees scan an on-screen QR code which links to an online evaluation form and registers their attendance. Feedback can therefore be obtained quickly, is scalable to large participant numbers and is securely stored in digital format. QR reader applications are widely available and cost-free, which makes this technique accessible for learners. Using QR codes for teaching evaluation is simple and could be adopted across many educational applications.
The Complexity of Joint Regeneration: How an Advanced Implant could Fail by Its In Vivo Proven Bone Component
Authors: Diloksumpan Paweena , Abinzano Florencia , de Ruijter Mylène , Mensinga Anneloes , Plomp Saskia , Khan Ilyas , Brommer Harold , Smit Ineke , Dias Castilho Miguel , van Weeren P. René , Malda Jos , Levato Riccardo
Published: March 2021

Articular cartilage damage is a major challenge in healthcare due to the lack of long-term repair options. There are several promising regenerative implant-based approaches for the treatment, but the fixation of the implant remains a significant challenge. This study evaluated the potential for repair of an osteochondral implant produced through a novel combined bioprinting-based chondral-bone integration, with and without cells, in an equine model. Implants consisted of a melt electrowritten polycaprolactone (PCL) framework for the chondral compartment, which was firmly integrated with a bone anchor. The bone anchor was produced by extrusion-based printing of a low-temperature setting bioceramic material that had been proven to be effective for osteo-regeneration in an orthotopic, non-load bearing and non-articular site in the same species in an earlier in vivo study. Articular cartilage-derived progenitor cells were seeded into the PCL framework and cultured for 28 days in vitro in the presence of bone morphogenetic protein-9 (BMP-9), resulting in the formation of abundant extracellular matrix rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and type II collagen. The constructs were implanted in the stifle joints of Shetland ponies with cell-free scaffolds as controls. Clinical signs were monitored, and progression of healing was observed non-invasively through radiographic examinations and quantitative gait analysis. Biochemical and histological analyses 6 months after implantation revealed minimal deposition of GAGs and type II collagen in the chondral compartment of the defect site for both types of implants. Quantitative micro-computed tomography showed collapse of the bone anchor with low volume of mineralized neo-bone formation in both groups. Histology confirmed that the PCL framework within the chondral compartment was still present. It was concluded that the collapse of the osteal anchor, resulting in loss of the mechanical support of the chondral compartment, strongly affected overall outcome, precluding evaluation of the influence of BMP-9 stimulated cells on in vivo cartilage regeneration.
Pengelolaan Pembelajaran sebagai Implementasi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Amaliah Nurul
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) perencanaan pembelajaran di TK Islam Al Munawwarah Kecamatan Wonomulyo Kabupaten Polewali Mandar, (2) untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan pembelajaran di TK Islam Al Munawwarah Kecamatan Wonomulyo Kabupaten Polewali Mandar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif. Implementasi pengelolaan pembelajaran di TK Islam Al Munawwarah dimulai dari tahap persiapan yaitu tahap planning atau perencanaan, kemudian menentukan kompetensi inti, penyusunan program rencana pembelajaran. Setelah itu, tahap pelaksanaan yang dimulai dari pembukaaan guru, kegiatan inti dan kegiatan akhir.
Efektifitas Komunikasi Melalui Komunikasi Primer Dan Sekunder Dalam Pembelajaran PAI Di SMP Negeri 2 Luyo Kecamatan Luyo Kabupaten Polewali Mandar
Authors: Yusuf Aco Fadly
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas komunikasi primer dan komunikasi sekunder dalam pembelajaran PAI di SMP Negeri 2 Luyo Kecamatan Luyo Kabupaten Polewali Mandar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deksriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan juga merupakan penelitian lapangan (field reseacrh). Adapun yang menjadi subjek penelitian ini adalah Guru PAI dan peserta didik di SMP Negeri 2 Luyo Kecamatan Luyo Kabupaten Polewali Mandar. Jenis data yang dikumpulkan adalah data primer dan sekunder. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode observasi, wawancara dan telaah dokumen. Data-data yang telah dikumpulkan selanjutnya dianalisis dengan teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif pola interaktif dengan aktivitas data reduction (reduksi data), data display (penyajian data), dan conclusion drawing/verification (penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi.

            Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komunikasi primer yang terjadi dalam pembelajaran PAI di SMP Negeri 2 Luyo Kecamatan Luyo Kabupaten Polewali Mandar adalah terlaksana secara efektif yang ditandai dengan adanya proses: (1) Guru menjelaskan materi pelajaran dengan bahasa yang mudah dipahami; (2) Memberikan motivasi kepada peserta didik; (3) Guru kreatif dalam tata kelas; (4) Guru bersikap ekspresif sebagai penguat komunikasi; dan (5) Komunikasi yang dua arah. Komunikasi sekunder yang terjadi dalam pembelajaran PAI di SMP Negeri 2 Luyo Kecamatan Luyo Kabupaten Polewali Mandar telah terlaksana secara efektif yang ditandai dengan: (1) Guru menggunakan power point sebagai alat bantu dalam komunikasi; (2) Tersedianya buku paket yang memadai sehingga dapat digunakan oleh guru dan peserta didik; dan (3) Adanya penggunaan LKS dalam proses pembelajaran.
Ekoloji iqisadiyyatın nəzəri və empirik aspektləri
Authors:   DES, Professor, Hajizadeh Elshan
Published: March 2021

Müasir ekoloji problemlər müəyyən dərəcədə iqsisadi fikrin inkişafının ləngiməsi nəticəsində yaranmışdır. İqtisad elminin klassikləri və digər iqtisad məktəbinin alimləri iqtisadi inkişafda ekloji aspektin təmayülünə əhəmiyyət verməmişlər. Lakin çox yaxın keçmişdə ekoloji problemlərin kəskinləşməsi bütün iqtisad elminin qarşısında ekoloji-iqtisadi təzahürlərin inkişaf meylinə rəğmən yeniləşən müvafiq konsepsiyasının yaranışını şərtləndirmişdir. XX əsrin 90-cı illərində ekosistemlə iqtisadi sistemlər arasında rabitəni öyrənən ekoloji iqtisadiyyatıın yaranışı bilik sahəsinin geniş üfüqdə yeni sferasının təşəkkülünə gətirmişdir. Ekoloji iqtisadiyyatın mahiyyətini mənşəcə təsərrüfat fəaliyyətinin ətraf mühitə təsir qiymətləndirilməsi uzlaşması ilə bağılıqda, ənənəvi neoklassik və resurs iqtisadiyyatının sintezi təşkil edir. Burada istehlakçı-insanlar dominant və mərkəzi güc funksionallığından kənarda, ekoloji-iqtisadi sistemin vəhdət komponenti keyfiyyətində çıxış edirlər. İstehlak isə yalnız pul-büdcə məhdudluqlarını deyil, həm də ənənəvi iqtisadiyyatın və təbii fiziki qanunların təsir effektinə məruz qalır. İnsanın təsərrüfat fəaliyyətinin iqtisadi, ekoloji və sosial aspektlərində inteqrasiya olunmuş ekoloji iqtisadiyyatın mərkəzində ekoloji-iqtisadi sistemin davamlı idarə edilməsi prosesi dayanır. Keçici çərçivələrə isə ənənəvi iqtisadiyyatda olduğundan fərqli sadə və adi obrazda baxılır.
Milli neft sektorunda qloballaşan ekoloji istiqamətli fiskal mexanizmlərin tətbiq effektivliyi
Authors:   DES, Professor, Hajizadeh Elshan
Published: March 2021

Ətraf mühitin neftlə intensiv çirklənməsi aspektində Azərbaycan ərazisi kəskin fərqliliyi ilə seçilir. Burada neft sənayesində uzun illər davam edən ekstensiv hasilat prosesi ölkəni ağırlaşan ekoloji vəziyyətlə üz-üzə qoymuş, problemin həlli mürəkkəb, yüksək kapital tələb edən fazaya daxil olmuşdur. Akademik A.X.Mirzəcanzadə qeyd edir ki, «Tarixən elə formalaşmışdır ki, Sovetlər Ittifaqının qurulması, Böyük Vətən müharibəsi və xalq təsərrüfatının hər dəfə inkişafı ilə bağlı yaranan ekstremal vəziyyət dəfələrlə yol verilən hüdudları aşaraq Azərbaycanın neft yataqlarının işlənməsi intensivliyini artırmışdır» [1]. Müəyyən çərçivədə vəziyyətin aldanışlı davamlığı çağdaş zamanda da ətalətini göstərməkdədir. Belə ki, hasilatın yeni intensivləşən prosesi nəticəsində ekoloji pozuntuluq bir qədər də dərinləşmişdir. Neftlə çirklənmə yeni ərazilər «fəth» etməkdə, sürətlə akvatoriyaya daxil olmaqdadır. Milli neft sənayesində mütərəqqi təsərrüfatçılıq formalarının genişlənən tətbiqi də bu sahədə hələ ki, uğurlu perspektivdən xəbər vermir.
School Management Attitudes as Determinants of Implementation of Guidance and Counselling Services in Secondary Schools in Baringo Central Sub-County, Kenya
Authors: Cheruiyot Gladys Jeruto , Chemwei Bernard
Published: March 2021

Guidance and counselling constitute the best approach to help children and their families deal with life’s frustrating issues. In the school context, guidance and counselling services assist the school to manage discipline and deal with the influence of social evils on learners and the learning environment. However, for guidance and counselling services to be effective in schools, several factors must be put in place. Among these factors, the key is school management support for guidance and counselling services. In recognition of this fact, the study examined the influence of the schools’ management attitudes towards guidance and counselling on the implementation of guidance and counselling programmes in secondary schools in Baringo Central Sub-County. The study used the descriptive survey research method. It relied on a sample of 36 secondary schools with 36 principals and 72 teacher-counsellors. The research employed a questionnaire to collect the data. The collected data was then analysed using SPSS, version 22. The results of the study revealed that although most schools’ managers had embraced and recognised the role of guidance and counselling in their schools, little time and resources were availed to sustain these important services. This situation had negatively affected the implementation of guidance and counselling in schools. Therefore, it was recommended that guidance should be conceptualised in a broader and more comprehensive and holistic view, incorporating vocational and other aspects of development
Investigation of anti-Alzheimer’s activity of aqueous extract of areca nuts (Areca catechu L.): In vitro and in vivo studies
Authors:   Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Bozorgi Mahboubeh , Najafi Zahra ,   Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Omidpanah Sahar ,   Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Sadri Arash ,   Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Narimani Zahra ,   Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Moghadam Farshad Homayouni ,   Royan Institute for Biotechnology, Edraki Najmeh ,   Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Akbarzadeh Tahmineh ,   Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Saeedi Mina ,   Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Published: March 2021

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder. Sever cognitive and memory impairments, huge increase in the prevalence of the disease, and lacking definite cure have absorbed worldwide efforts to develop therapeutic approaches. Since many drugs have failed in the clinical trials due to multifactorial nature of AD, symptomatic treatments are still in the center attention and now, nootropic medicinal plants have been found as versatile ameliorators to reverse memory disorders. In this work, anti-Alzheimer’s activity of aqueous extract of areca nuts (Areca catechu L.) was investigated via in vitro and in vivo studies. It depicted good amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation inhibitory activity, 82% at 100 µg/mL. In addition, it inhibited beta-secretase 1 (BACE1) with IC50 value of 19.03 µg/mL. Evaluation of neuroprotectivity of the aqueous extract of the plant against H2O2-induced cell death in PC12 neurons revealed 84.5% protection at 1 µg/mL. It should be noted that according to our results obtained from Morris Water Maze (MWM) test, the extract reversed scopolamine-induced memory deficit in rats at concentrations of 1.5 and 3 mg/kg.
THE IMAGE OF ALTAI IN GEOPOETICS OF I. A. EFREMOV’S EARLY STORIES
Authors:   Altai State Institute of Culture, Moskovkina E. A.
Published: March 2021

The image of Altai in Efremov’s geopoetics is connected with the idea of harmony, which is a program one for the writer’s creativity. The Altai myth is placed in a complex coding system, in which mythological, aesthetic and philosophical representations of different cultural epochs and areas are crossed. The progressive discovery made by the hero of the story is «fueled» by the Oirot legend, which, in its turn, is reflected in the ekphrastic layer of the work (serves as the plot of the picture, which became a stimulus to scientific hypothesis) and entails a broad cultural context of understanding the phenomenon of mercury in alchemy, philosophy, science and poetry. Mercury as a plot-forming element of the story becomes a mythologeme of space philosophy of Altai.
DIALOGICAL LINGUISTICS IN RUSSIA: THE HISTORY OF FORMATION AND THE CURRENT STATUS
Authors:   Altay State Pedagogical Univercity, Shpilnaya N. N.
Published: March 2021

The article is an outline of the development of Dialogical Linguistics in Russia. It represents its milestones of formation and the current state. Dialogical Linguistics is considered to be an integral linguistic branch, claiming the status of a distinct «research program» and comprises such sections as follows: Linguistics of Dialogical Text, Linguistic Theory of Replication, Interactional Theory of Dialogue, General Theory of Dialogue. In the final part of the article, the principles of dialogical modeling of linguistic objects are being formulated.
DOMINANCE STRATEGIES IN POLEMICAL DIALOGUES
Authors:   Russian state university for the humanities, Sharonov I. A.
Published: March 2021

To support successful interaction in dialog it is necessary to realize both informative and social functions that are to convey the information and to maintain good relations between interlocutors. The functions work in different dialogs not always in harmony. The article is devoted to polemical dialogues, the target of which may not take into account social function and even lead to conflicts. Particular attention is paid to three polemical tactics realized with the help of communicatives - stereotypical speech formulas of dialogue.
PROPOSITIONAL ANALYSIS OF A DIALOGICAL TEXT: ON THE EXAMPLE OF CHINESE CONFLICT DIALOGUE
Authors:   Moscow City University, Simatova S. A.
Published: March 2021

The paper presents the algorithm for propositional analysis of a dialogical text on the example of Chinese conflict dialogue. The algorithm proposed by the author helps to identify the types of text level propositions dominating in a certain type of dialogue and to observe the key feature of dialogue interactivity on the dictum level. According to the results of the analysis the propositions of determining predication, relation object predication and quality predication have been identified as dominating in Chinese conflict dialogue. The feature of interactivity reveals itself in Chinese conflict dialogue in three main types of final correlation: proposition-question - proposition-answer, proposition-opinion - proposition-evaluation and the adversative type of the final correlation.
MESSAGES TO URBI ET ORBI: ARMENIAN COMPONENT IN THE LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE OF MOSCOW
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Fedorova L. L.
Published: March 2021

The paper offers a communicative analysis of signs and texts of Armenian component in the linguistic landscape of Moscow. It aims to highlight the functions of Armenian signs and texts. There are mastered Armenian names in the onomasticon of Moscow; Armenian characters are present on several city objects. Duplicated in Russian or English, the messages are addressed to urbi et orbi - the residents of the city, native speakers of Armenian and Russian, to migrants from Armenia, to guests of the Western Diaspora; they help them to “get in touch” with the city. The Armenian alphabet on several objects of the city has a symbolic function. Signs of a dynamic landscape serve to maintain contact and express solidarity. The paper focuses on the problems of language contacts in a modern megalopolis, preservation functions of a minority language in the environment of a dominant one.
ON THE QUESTION OF DISCURSIVE THEORY OF ONOMASTICS
Authors:   Polzunov Altai State Technical University, Pozdnyakova E. U.
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the relevance of a new discursive approach to onomastic vocabulary. The onym is considered as a unit that represents a compressed text, which can be expanded under certain conditions. In addition, reverse processes are possible - the compression of discourse to a minimum set of lexical units (a single word or a phrase). There are four important components in the discursive field of an onym: the nominator (the author of the name - N), an onym (the name of the object - O), the recipient (the perceiving subject - P) and the discourse-text (D) connected with an onym. We explain the discursive nature of the onym through the concept of the discursive field, which is a combination of all texts, existing in discours, included in the nominative situation both initially (in the process of nominating an object) and involved in communication during the functioning of the onym in the discursive practices of native speakers.
ON UNCERTAINTY AS A STRUCTURAL PROPERTY OF “TAMAN”
Authors:   V. N. Karazin Kharkov National University, Zaslavskii O. B.
Published: March 2021

Ambiguity is one of key features of artistic world of “Taman”. It is manifested on different structural levels of the text, including the plot, the construction of phrases, composition, and the peculiarities of artistic space. In particular, taking into account this circumstance enables us to understand why a micro-plot about death from hanger (left without continuation) is mentioned in the text. Along with this, there is also an opposite tendency in the text in which such notions as a limit and boundary are actualized as well as other discrete characteristics (for example, various structural oppositions). Thus, the atmosphere of mystery (perceived by readers on an intuitive level) acquires partial explanation in terms of peculiarities inherent to the structure of the text.
RESILIENCE AND LIFE-MEANING ORIENTATIONS IN STUDENT AGE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION)
Authors:   Altai State Pedagogical University, Darvish O. B. , Fazylbekov I. Sh. ,   Shakarim State University of Semei
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the problem of resilience and life-meaning orientations in students on the example of Kazakhstan and Russia. The data of the study are presented. It is shown that the overall positive indicator of resilience and its components prevail in the sample of students in Russian.
Decisiones automatizadas: problemas y soluciones jurídicas. Más allá de la protección de datos
Authors: Soriano Arnanz Alba
Published: March 2021

La creciente capacidad computacional de los sistemas automatizados de procesamiento de datos ha generado un aumento de su utilización en toda clase de actividades humanas. Estos sistemas pueden procesar cantidades masivas de datos y proporcionar resultados muy precisos, ayudando a los responsables de la toma de decisiones, tanto en el sector público como en el privado, a clasificar a los seres humanos y a predecir sus acciones. Sin embargo, en los últimos años se ha venido demostrando que estos sistemas pueden generar importantes riesgos para los derechos fundamentales y otros valores y principios democráticos. Hasta la fecha, las normas en materia de protección de datos han constituido el principal instrumento jurídico encargado de hacer frente a los riesgos y daños causados por el tratamiento automatizado de datos personales. El presente trabajo identifica los principales riesgos generados por el uso de sistemas algorítmicos, señala las deficiencias del marco jurídico en materia de protección de datos a estos efectos y pone de manifiesto la necesidad de una mayor intervención regulatoria en la utilización pública y privada de los sistemas automatizados de procesamiento de datos y toma de decisiones. También se formulan una serie de breves propuestas que, de aplicarse, deberían contribuir a superar algunos de las insuficiencias del actual marco normativo en la prevención, gestión y solución de los riesgos y daños causados por los algoritmos.
Okul Yönetiminde Kültürel Sermaye ve Liderlik
Authors: GÖKALP Serkan
Published: March 2021

Bu kitap, okul yönetiminde kültürel sermaye ve liderlik konularını ele almaktadır. Yazar, okul yöneticilerinin kültürel sermaye yeterliklerini ve kültürel liderlik rollerini incelerken, örgüt kültürü, okul kültürü, liderlik ve kültürel liderlik gibi kavramları da açıklamaktadır. Kitap, okul yöneticilerinin kültürel liderlik davranışlarını ve rollerini anlamak için önemli bir kaynak olarak değerlendirilebilir. Ayrıca, okul yöneticilerinin kültürel liderlik becerilerini ve yeterliklerini geliştirmek isteyenler için de faydalı olabilir. Bu çalışma, Dr. Serkan GÖKALP'in doktora tezinden üretilmiştir ve okul yönetiminde kültürel sermaye ve liderlik konularında daha fazla bilgi edinmek isteyenler için önemli bir kaynak olabilir.
 
This book addresses the topics of cultural capital and leadership in school management. The author explores the cultural capital competencies and cultural leadership roles of school administrators, while also explaining concepts such as organizational culture, school culture, leadership, and cultural leadership. The book can be considered an important resource for understanding the cultural leadership behaviors and roles of school administrators. Additionally, it can be useful for those who want to enhance their cultural leadership skills and competencies in school management. This study is based on Dr. Serkan GÖKALP's doctoral thesis and can be a valuable source for those who want to gain more knowledge on cultural capital and leadership in school management.