bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis pada Materi Konsep Mol
Authors: Fitriana Dewi Khodijah
Published: October 2022

Pembelajarn berbasis masalah mengarahkan siswa untuk mandiri dalam membangun pengetahuannya. Salah satu kemampuan belajar mandiri adalah kemampuan berpikir kritis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuasi eksperimen dengan desain nonequivalent control group design yang bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis yang meliputi kemampuan mengorganisir informasi, kemampuan menganalisis argumen dan kemampuan mengemukakan penjelasan apabila memungkinkan pada materi pokok konsep mol. Penelitian ini dilakukan di MA An Nur Ngrukem Bantul kelas X MIA semester genap tahun pelajaran 2016/ 2017 pada materi pokok konsep mol. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh peserta didik kelas X MIA. Sampel yang digunakan adalah kelas X MIA 1 (kelas kontrol) dan kelas X MIA 2 (kelas eksperrimen). Intrumen yang digunakan berupa soal kemampuan berpikir kritis. Analisis data skor kemampuan berpikir kritis dilakukan menggunakan uji statistik parametrik uji t untuk mengakaji pengaruh model pembelajaran berbasis masalah. Hasil uji statistika terhadap skor kemampuan berpikir kritis diperoleh nilai Sig. (2-tailed) 0,000 < (0,05) untuk postes. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh signifikasi dari penerapan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis.
Pancasila dan Tantangan Masa Kini
Authors: Noersyaheri Fawnia Asmara , Mayriska Kariima Randy , Riszeki Siti Markamah , Fitriono Riska Andi
Published: October 2022

Pancasila merupakan dasar negara yang juga menjadi falsafah bangsa ini, yakni sebagai pandangan hidup yang terdapat dalam setiap tutur kata, laku, dan sikap bangsa Indonesia. Tulisan ini secara umum akan membahas mengenai tantangan yang dihadapi Pancasila saat ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pancasila harus menghadapi berbagai permasalahan, seperti tersebarnya rumor palsu tentang politik identitas yang mengancam runtuhnya negara, dan masalah perubahan dasar negara. Adapun kesimpulan dari kajian kami adalah pemerintah harus mengantisipasi masalah ini dengan mengamalkan nilai-nilai luhur Pancasila dan memastikan bahwa Pancasila adalah ideologi yang terbuka dan bersatu.
Addressing the challenges of online and blended STEM learning with grounded design
Authors: Chang Yunjeong , Lee Eunbae
Published: October 2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic, online learning became a major alternative to college science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) courses in postsecondary education. Faculty members, although subject matter experts, often lack pedagogical knowledge and training on how to effectively teach new generations of students online, or incorporate appropriate technologies. Faculty teaching online courses needed a new guiding framework to balance domain goals and emerging technologies. We present grounded design for STEM courses to align domain goals and instructional methods and technologies while reflecting instructors’ pedagogical beliefs and addressing cultural and pragmatic issues. It is critical to provide students with aligned STEM learning experience and engagement via defensible theories and research-evidenced pedagogy in online and blended courses while technological, cultural, and pragmatic considerations are also addressed. We suggest grounded design as the conceptual and design framework for designing online and blended courses and discuss the assumptions, approaches, and examples. We provide practical guidelines to apply grounded design to online and blended learning environments and suggest future research. This article can assist both novice and seasoned STEM faculty to connect theory and research to teaching practices and optimise their online and blended courses.
Implications for practice

University STEM instructors can use grounded design framework for online, blended, and technology-enhanced teaching.
Instructors should begin the course design by aligning the domain goals with optimal psychological and pedagogical foundations.
When choosing technology to support online learning, instructors should align it with learning goals and needs of students, and consider cultural and pragmatic foundations.
Insights into Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo in the Elderly
Authors: Konno Yamaya
Published: October 2022

Vertigo, the illusion of movement of oneself or one’s surroundings in the absence of actual movement, is a common symptom in older adults and, as such, is commonly regarded as an age-related normal or part of the aging process itself, as its incidence increases with age. In neurology and otorhinolaryngology, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common cause of vertigo. BPPV is a brief, recurrent episode of vertigo caused by changes in head position relative to the direction of gravity. The symptoms of peripheral vestibular disease are vertigo and characteristic nystagmus. The prevalence of undiagnosed BPPV is high due to the fact that many elderlies tolerate vertigo symptoms. According to etiology, it can be subdivided into idiopathic BPPV and secondary BPPV, and according to location, it can be subdivided into posterior semicircular canal BPPV, horizontal semicircular canal BPPV, and anterior semicircular canal BPPV.
Vitamin D and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: González-Herrera Miguel , Ruiz-León José
Published: October 2022

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most prevalent diseases of the respiratory system in the elderly, and it poses a grave threat to the survival and quality of life. Examining the pathogenesis of COPD is extremely important for COPD prevention and treatment. To date, however, there is no medication for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that can delay the lung function decline over time. According to studies, vitamin D offers new hope for the treatment of COPD. A deficiency in vitamin D can exacerbate the progression of COPD, whereas adequate vitamin D has a therapeutic effect on COPD. This paper summarizes the relevant domestic and international research, discusses the possible mechanism of vitamin D’s effect on COPD, and investigates the role of vitamin D, particularly in COPD patients.
An Evidence-based Causal Perspective of Agrochemical Pollution and Its Impact on Health
Authors: Wong Eric , Hagen Julia
Published: October 2022

The extensive use of agrochemicals has had a wide range of impacts on human health. The research progress of the impact of agrochemical use on human health is reviewed, in order to provide some support and protection for taking corresponding measures to minimize or avoid the harm of agrochemicals to human health.
ANALYSIS OF TRANSIENT PROCESSES DURING ENERGISATION OF THE AC OVERHED TRANSMITION LINE IN THE HIBRID POWER SYSTEMS
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Shpolianskii O.G.
Published: October 2022

The paper analyses the transients that occur during the energisation of overhead transmission line 750 kV in a hybrid power system. It is shown that the power supply of the AC transmission line from the high voltage direct current transmission allows using converter control system to limit the switching overvoltage and the aperiodic currents. This enriches the list of traditional measures to improve the safety of AC power systems. References 8, tables 2, figures 1.
Accentuated eccentric load training: Traditional set versus cluster set
Authors: Ersöz Mehmet , Pınar Salih , Kaya Selman
Published: October 2022

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The effect of athletic mental energy on wrestlers’ sports courage and attitudes toward wrestling
Authors: İslam Ahmet
Published: October 2022

Background and Study Aim: This study aimed to determine whether athletic mental energy played a mediating role between wrestlers’ sports courage and attitudes toward wrestling. Material and Methods: The study developed an original theoretical model, which was tested using the Sobel test. The sample consisted of 247 wrestlers in the Freestyle and Greco-Roman Wrestling Leagues, U-23, 1. League, 2. League, and Stars Wrestling Leagues of the 2021-2022 Turkish Wrestling Federation. Participants were recruited using random sampling. Data were collected using a sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire, the Guttman Attitude Scale Towards Wrestling (GAS), the Sports Courage Scale-31 (SCS-31), and the Athletic Mental Energy Scale (AMES). Results: There was a positive correlation between attitudes toward wrestling and athletic mental energy. There was a positive correlation between athletic mental energy and sports courage. There was a positive correlation between attitudes toward wrestling and sports courage. Moreover, athletic mental energy played a fully mediating role between sports courage and attitudes toward wrestling Conclusions: The results confirmed the theoretical model. Authorities should inform wrestlers about the relationship between athletic mental energy, mental training, and sports courage.
Changes in body composition and blood parameters in sedentary women during 12 weeks of complex exercises
Authors: Apaydın Murat B. , Polat Metin
Published: October 2022

Background and Study Aim. There are studies examining the effects of exercise programs on body and blood parameters in sedentary individuals, but there are few studies examining the effects of resistance and cardio exercises in combination. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of step-aerobic, cardio and resistance training on body composition and blood parameters in sedentary women for 12 weeks.

Material and Methods. Step- Aerobic, Cardio and Resistance exercises were applied to the volunteers participating in the study for 12 weeks, 3 days a week for 1 hour each. Body weight, body mass index, body fat percentage and body muscle percentage values were determined from body composition measurements before and after the application. Glucose, Vitamin D3, Triglyceride, Cholesterol,  High-density lipoprotein and Low-density values were measured from blood parameters. There is no exercise planning was done in the control group.

Results. After the exercise program, a significant decrease (p<0.05) in body weight, body mass index, body fat ratio, Glucose, Vitamin D3, Triglyceride, Cholesterol and Low-density values and a significant increase (p<0.05) in High-density lipoprotein and values were determined in the study group. In the control group, no significant change was observed in both body composition and blood parameters (p>0.05).

Conclusions. In the this study, it was found resistance, cardio and step-aerobic exercise programs had a positive effect on body composition and blood parameters in sedentary women. In the control group, there is no positive data for the end of the this study and there is no significant change not only body parametres bu also blood measurement in the control group.
Perceived barriers to adopting information and communication technology in physical education
Authors: Irwahand Fathin Nurul Ezzati , Mat-Rasid Siti Musliha , Lee Jeffrey Low Fok , Elumalai Gunathevan , Shahril Mohd Izwan , Ahmad Mohamad Azri Ismail
Published: October 2022

Background and Study Aim. The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in Physical Education (PE) brings the science of sports to life by combining physical and mental activity. It also helps students focus better on practical and theoretical work. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceived barriers to adopting ICTs in PE lessons among high school teachers in Malaysia.

Material and Methods. A total of 112 Physical Education teachers were selected by stratified random sampling to answer an online questionnaire. Cluster analysis was then conducted to classify PE teachers’ profiles according to the frequency scores of experiencing challenges in using ICT tools in PE teaching and learning. Discriminant analyses were performed to determine the significant barriers related to technology that differentiate these clusters.

Results. In conclusion, Cluster analysis identified three well-defined profiles: cluster 1 (excellent degrees in applying ICT to their teaching practices) consists of 44 teachers; cluster 2 (moderate degrees in applying ICT to their teaching practices) consist of 41 teachers; cluster 3 (poor degrees in applying ICT to their teaching practices) consist of 27 teachers. Results revealed seven out of twelve technology-related barriers were significant among these clusters.  They are the insufficient number of computers (p<0.001), insufficient number of internet‐connected computers (p<0.001), insufficient pedagogical support for teachers (p<0.001), lack of content in the national language (p<0.001), pressure to prepare students for exams and tests (p<0.001), no or unclear benefit to using ICT for teaching (p<0.001) and perception of using ICT in teaching and learning not being a goal in their school (p<0.001).

Conclusions. Awareness of these barriers has implications for physical education, curriculum design, teacher training, and youth participation in the school environment. The positive opinions and attitudes of PE teachers toward ICTs as educational tools could pave the way for improving their digital literacy. Thus increase their rate of use of these tools if they are provided with the appropriate technical resources and training.
Design and validation of a questionnaire to assess the Pedagogical Content Knowledge of Colombian Physical Education students in the practicum
Authors: Montoya Noelva E. , Almonacid-Fierro Alejandro A. , Arroyave Giraldo Dora I. , Valdebenito González Karla B.
Published: October 2022

Background and Study Aim. In the training of Physical Education teachers, the practicum is considered a final stage of the training.  The practicum implies an amalgamation and connection of the different knowledge acquired at the University and that, when contrasted with the real classroom practice, plays a fundamental role in the future professional development. The purpose of this study was to design and validate a questionnaire to measure the Pedagogical Content Knowledge of the Physical Education teacher trainee in the context of the practicum.

Material and Methods. The participants were 146 practicum students of the Bachelor's degree program in Physical Education from four Colombian universities (115 men, 31 women, with an average age of 25.7 + 5.2 years). A non-experimental descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in two phases, the first one: content validity and the second phase related to the analysis of psychometric properties.

Results. A Content Validity Ratio of .92 was presented, which indicates a very high content validity based on Lawshe's model and with a sample of 10 expert judges in the field. In the exploratory factor analysis by the principal component analysis method and varimax rotation, 7 dimensions were proposed, with 36 items explaining 66.78 of the total variance of the instrument. The internal consistency was very satisfactory (α=.9).

Conclusions. The questionnaire provides a valid, trustable, and specific instrument, which allows identifying the knowledge that a Physical Education practice student has about pedagogy, context, evaluation, teaching strategies, students, experience, and content. Furthermore, understanding this type of knowledge is a precondition that can allow improving the curricular designs of Physical Education degree programs.
The effectiveness of using power fitness training loads to increase adaptive reserves of female athletes in hand-to-hand combat
Authors: Manolachi Veaceslav , Chernozub Andrii , Potop Vladimir , Marionda Ivan , Titova Hanna , Sherstiuk Liudmyla , Shtefiuk Ivan
Published: October 2022

Background and Study Purpose. One of the main aspects of improving the special training of athletes in hand-to-hand combat is increasing functional reserves in conditions of power loads. Study Purpose - to study the peculiarities of adaptive body changes and the level of special training in female athletes of hand-to-hand combat using power fitness programs with different structure, parameters, and means.

Material and Methods. We examined 36 female athletes (18-20 years old) who had been engaged in hand-to-hand combat for the last 4 years. We divided these women into two groups,18 people in each group.  Groups used completely different power fitness training programs. We used methods of testing special training (the number of accurate kicks on the mannequin for 30 s) and laboratory monitoring of blood biochemical parameters (cortisol and LDH) before and after training load during 3 months. Group A  used the standard power fitness training program for women of this age (exercises on simulators). Group B used well-known exercises with their own body weight with a complete change of kinematic and dynamic characteristics of the technique during 3 months of training.

Results. The obtained results showed that indicators of special training positively changed by 10.4% (p <0.05) in group B athletes. At the same time, the studied indicator increased by 2.2% compared to initial level in group A athletes. At the end of the study, we observed an increase in cortisol level in the blood serum of group B athletes in response to physical stimuli. This was almost 10 times lower than the results recorded in group A. The results of monitoring LDH activity in the blood serum showed that its level increased by 19.5% (p <0.05) during the entire study period only in group B athletes. The controlled indicator remained almost unchanged in group A. The dynamics of the studied steroid hormone and enzyme in the blood serum in group B indicated an increase in the level of organism resistance to training loads under specified conditions of muscular activity and their pronounced adaptive changes.

Conclusions. Determining the most effective power fitness training program for special training of female athletes in hand-to-hand combat, will help to increase their adaptive body reserves and their level of fitness. For this using different in structure and parameters training load.
The impact of existing and modify wrestling shoes on foot posture deformities in 12-13 years old athletes
Authors: Coşkuner Zeki , Açak Mahmut , Büyükçelebi Hakan , Özen Gökmen , Kurak Kemal
Published: October 2022

Background and Study Aim. In the early years when sports footwear became compulsory, the importance of shoe design was not considered in terms of athletes’ health. Since the early years of wrestling shoe use, these gears have been manufactured according to the rules of competition, and modifications have been very limited. In this regard, this study aims to determine the effect of existing wrestling shoes on foot deformation.

Material and Methods. The study was carried out with the participation of 108 young male athletes who had the same training on the same ground for three years in the Wrestling Training Center. The athletes were divided into two groups, an experimental and a control group. While the control group wore wrestling shoes produced by widely used brands, the experimental group wore newly designed wrestling shoes. Foot arch values and images of both groups were determined using a podoscope device at the beginning and end of the study. The evaluations were made according to the Staheli arch index.

Results. The results of the statistical analysis revealed that differences were found in the footprint measurement values of the control group. It was determined that this difference in the footprints was greater among the freestyle wrestlers. The decrease in the averages between the first and second measurement values of the group using the newly designed wrestling shoes was found to be highly positive and in a linear direction. Also, it was determined that the pain score values of the control group were higher than the scores of the experimental group after training.

Conclusions. The results revealed that there were deformations in the feet of the control group wrestlers wearing available wrestling shoes. It was observed that freestyle wrestling athletes had more deformation than Greco-Roman style wrestlers, and leg pains were more prevalent after training and competitions. Based on these results, it was concluded that the design of wrestling shoes produced with today's technology needs to be redesigned.
Bibliometric analysis of harassment and bullying in sport
Authors: Prabowo Indra , Hendrayana Yudy , Ma'mun Amung , Berliana Berliana , Sofyan Davi
Published: October 2022

Background and Study Aim. This study aims to chart the trend of publications in the Scopus database and the Web of Science as well as the global evolution of harassment and bullying in sports.
Material and Methods. ScientoPy and VOSviewer software were used in this study to analyze the number of publications, well-known research topics, proactive authors, author keywords, preferred sources, and institutional data. This study uses data reconciliation with 1, 883 different items from the Scopus database and the Web of Science. An increasing trend in sports nutrition research was found using the Scopus and WoS databases.
Results. This field has grown significantly since 2015. In addition, the percentage of documents published in the last two years (2020 to 2021) shows that 22.40% were published on WoS and 22.04% on Scopus. The five keywords that are trending topics between 2020 and 2021 are "Sports", "Racism", "Race", "Sexual Harassment", and "Gender". Meanwhile, the keywords with the highest total link strength were "sports" (244), "racism" (169), "bullying" (165), "adolescents" (161), and "physical activity" (150). The University of Toronto, Canada, became the most productive institution with 22 publications.
Conclusions. The most prestigious institutes and researchers in the field of harassment and bullying research in sports have been recognized, along with key research areas, keywords, and related papers. The study also offers potential readers and researchers a global perspective on the hottest issues in harassment and bullying in sport today. In addition, it provides various analyses to assist in the organization of data for the development of harassment and bullying research theories and methodologies in strong sports.
Special and preventive exercises for hamstring muscles in the training process of experienced football players
Authors: Sirenko Pavlo O. , Istomin Andrii H. , Sirenko Romana R. , Khorkavyy Bohdan V. , Rybchych Іvan E.
Published: October 2022

Background and Study Aim. In-depth analysis of electrical activity of certain muscles in athletes contributes to improvement in the technique of physical actions. Hamstring muscles are an important factor for making physical actions by experienced football players. The purpose of the study consisted in substantiation for factors of optimization of physical capacity to work in experienced football players.
Materials and methods. The study involved 20 experienced football players (n=20, aged 18-33, the period of going in for football > 10 years). We used equipment of M-TEST computer electromyography device manufactured by research and development enterprise DX-Systems (Kharkiv, Ukraine). The maximum bioelectrical activity (MBA) of m. biceps femoris, m. semitendinosus and m. semimembranosus, which are hamstring muscles (HM), depending upon the angle of applied effort. The study was conducted with positions of the lower leg at angles of 180°, 165°, 145° and 125°. We used two-way analysis of variance and regression analysis. The fact that the distribution was normal was checked by Shapiro-Wilk W test.
Results. Conditions for manifestation of the maximally effective realization of contractile abilities of HM were determined. Positions of the body and lower extremities for the largest overlaying of myofilaments in sarcomeres of HM were determined. Conditions of using external movement-disorganizing influence for HM were revealed. Models for special activity of experienced football players were systematized.
Conclusions. HM will manifest their MBA in case of the coaxial position of the trunk and lower extremities.
The angle of the lower leg position, equal to 180°, is the optimum one for the maximum overlaying of sarcomeres in the above muscles. Exercises with a component, which destabilizes the body position, are the most effective ones for realizing contractile abilities of HM.
Correlation of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms with xerostomia symptoms among medical and dentistry students in pre-clinical and clinical phase
Authors: Malinta Qushay U. , Yustika Anandha W. , Samad Rasmidar
Published: October 2022

Objective: to observe whether symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress correlates with symptoms of xerostomia among medical and dentistry students.

Material and Methods: this was a cross-sectional study involving 772 medical and dentistry students in pre-clinical and clinical phase of Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia in January 2022. Chi-square test and Spearman correlation analysis were performed on the data that were obtained online via Google Form. DASS 21 questionnaire was used to identify symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Fox’ questionnaire was used to identify symptoms of xerostomia.

Results: There were mild but significant correlations between occurrence of depression (r=0.100; p=0.006), anxiety (r=0.118; p=0.001), and stress (r=0.096; p=0.008) symptoms with symptoms of xerostomia among medical and dentistry students. Xerostomia symptoms was significantly higher (p<0.05) among dentistry students compared with medical students in both pre-clinical (64.9% vs 44.8%) and clinical (40.4% vs 27.7%) phase. In both pre-clinical and clinical phase, occurrence of depression and anxiety symptoms among medical students were not significantly different from dentistry students (p<0.05). Moderate to severe stress tend to occur more among dentistry students (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress correlates with symptoms of xerostomia among medical and dentistry students.
Effectiveness of gargle with extract oyster mushroom (pleurotus spp) to forming plaque in ecc patients (early childhood caries)
Authors: Fajriani  , Pharadiba  , Ferry Anisa N. , Ferry Atika B.
Published: October 2022

Objective: this study have aims to look at the effectiveness of gargling with extract oyster mushroom (pleurotus ostreatus) on forming plaque in ECC ( Early Childhood Caries ) patient.

Material and Method: This study was conducted in  Sudiang Asri Islamic kindergarten children in April-May 2018. This study used a pretestposttest design with a control group. A total sample is 90 person suffering from ECC. The sample was divided into three groups, namely Chlorhexidine gluconant 0.2%, Aquadest Steril and solution of oyster mushroom extract concentration of 50%. The score were measured using the Grenee and Vermillion methods about before and after the intervention. Analysis data use SPSS version 22.0 for windows.

Results: The result of the independent t – test that showed different significant about before and after the treatment of oyster mushroom extract (pleurotus ostreatus) (p<0,05). The result of index debris on chlorhexidine gluconant 0,2% in the pre test of 1.681 ± 0.538, and in the post test of 1.486 ± 0.429. Debris index result on sterill Aquadest in the pre test was 1.492 ± 0.498 and in the post test was 1.486 ± 0.429. While the debris index result in a solution of 50% oyster mushroom extract in the pre test of 1.813 ± 0.447 and in the post test of 1.513 ± 0.483.

Conclusion: Giving a gargle solution with oyster mushroom extract  (pleurotus ostreatus) can inhibit dental plaque.
The effect of covid-19 infection on the oral manifestations
Authors: Asmawati  , Thalib Bahruddin , Thalib Alqarama M. , Hamrun Nurlindah , Putri Nabilah A. , Rahman Eshin UN.
Published: October 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effect of COVID-19 infection on the manifestations that arise in the oral environment.

Methods : This study was conducted in the form of a literature review by collecting secondary data from online scientific article databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct.

Results: There are various oral manifestations of COVID-19. The most common oral manifestations were xerostomia, impaired taste, burning sensation, and oral/dental pain.

Conclusion : COVID-19 can cause manifestations in the oral environment which generally occur as early symptoms or in the acute phase of COVID-19.
Idiopathic osteosclerosis of the jaws on panoramic radiograpic analysis in Indonesian Sub-Population
Authors: Sugianto Irfan , Yunus Barunawaty , Rahman Fadhlil UA. , Yunus Muliaty , Wulansari Dwi P. , Hidayat Muhammad F.
Published: October 2022

Objective: To determine prevalence of Idiopathic osteosclerosis (IO) by radiographic evaluation and to investigate the relationship between the finding in relation with age, gender and location in Indonesia Sub-Population.

Material and Methods: this was a cross-sectional study that panoramic radiograph of patients (1030 male and 1914 female) whose age range 10-82 years old and who visited Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Hasanuddin University Dental Hospital from 2017 and 2020. We evaluated group of age, location, appearance and occurrence of IO and analyzed using chisquare test.

Results: in total, 2944 panoramic radiographs were examined, IO found in 144 (4.8%) patients and 170 IO’s were detected. IO detected mostly in mandible than maxilla (p<0.005) where premolar and molar area was the most common location of IO (42.3% and 41.7%; respectively). Most of cases was solitary lesion (<0.005) and unilateral (<0.005).  In addition, most of IO separate from teeth (45.8%) and also related with periapical site (35.3%).

Conclusion:  Idiopathic Osteosclerosis can defined as developmental variation that can occur in any age range, no predilection of sex. The frequency of IO in Indonesia Sub-population is slightly lower than other country
Effectiveness of cocoa beans (theobroma cacao l.) extract gel 8% and 16% in the healing of wistar rats (rattus norvegicus) gingiva incision wound
Authors: Chairunas  , Abdat Munifah
Published: October 2022

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of 8% and 16% cocoa bean extract gel in the healing of Wistar rats gingival incision wound.

Methods: Cocoa beans were extracted using the maceration method, diluted with a concentration of 8% and 16%, and the addition of CMC-Na as gel basis. The 24tailed mice are divided into 6 mouse-tails of treatment 1 given the 8% cocoa bean extract gel, 6-tails of treatment 2 given the 16% cocoa bean extract gel, 6-tailed mice positive groups given the drug Oxoferin solution 0,001%, and 6-tails of negative group given aquades. The treatment and wound length assessment of rats were carried out on the 1st day, 3rd day, 5th day, 7th and 10th days, then dieutanasia on day 10 using ether anesthesia and carried out the cutting of the mandibular bone using the gingival tissue to wound re-epithelialization observation with a microscope (Olympus BX-41) 200X magnification.

Results: One-way ANOVA and Post-HOC LSD tests presented a significant difference in the length of Wistar rats gingival wound closure between the treatment group that applied 16% cocoa bean gel extract, the negative and positive control groups, while between the 8% gel extract, the negative and positive control groups showed insignificant differences. Mean gingival incision wound re-epithelialization of each group on day 10 was 24.57 µm, 28.93 µm, 50.63 µm, 48.03 µm respectively.

Conclusion: The 16% cocoa bean extract gel treatment is effective in healing the gingival incision wound of Wistar rats after applied for 10 days.
Immunohistochemistry assay of osteocalcin on bone healing with CHA-10% propolis
Authors: Lastianny Sri P. , Sukmawati Ayuda N. , Soesilowati Al SK.
Published: October 2022

Objective: To evaluate the effect of the application of carbonated hydroxyapatite-propolis 10% on open flap debridement towards osteocalcin expression of periodontitis induced Oryctolagus cuniculus.

Material and Methods: Six rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were divided into three groups, which are carbonated hydroxyapatite-propolis 10% group, carbonated hydroxyapatite group, and open flap debridement group. Periodontitis on animal models was inducted with a combined technique using ligation and LPS injection of P.gingivalis. On each group, the animals were decapitated on day 7 and day 14 after the designated treatment. The immunohistochemistry assay was used to measure the osteocalcin expression. The data were analyzed statistically with Two Way Anova and continued with post hoc LSD.

Results: The results showed that the carbonated hydroxyapatite-propolis 10% group had the highest osteocalcin expression on day 7, followed by carbonated hydroxyapatite group and the open flap debridement group (p<0,05). There was no significant difference in the expression of osteocalcin on day 7 and day 14 (p>0,05) on the carbonated hydroxyapatite-10% propolis group.

Conclusion: The application of carbonated hydroxyapatite-propolis 10% could increase the osteocalcin expression on periodontitis induced Oryctolagus cuniculus.
Local anaesthetic inhibition of lidocaine on the growth of streptococcus mutans in vitro
Authors: Dohude Gostry A. , Rahmah Mulyani
Published: October 2022

Objective: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of lidocaine of local anaesthetic agent in inhibiting the growth of streptococcus mutans bacteria.

Material and Methods: This type of research is a laboratory experimental with a post test only control group design. Microorganism used was streptococcus mutans and cultured at the Microbiology Laboratory of the Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara. The local anaesthetic tested was a solution of lidocaine diluted with NaCl 0.9% to 0.5%, 1%, and  2%. The antibacterial activity test was carried out using diffusion method by dripping 25 µl of lidocaine (0.5%, 1%, 2%), positive control (amoxicillin), and negative control (NaCl 0.9%) on disc paper, then placed on nutrient agar, and incubated. After 24 hours, the inhibition zone formed around the disc paper was observed.

Results: Lidocaine showed antibacterial activity with the inhibition zone of 0.5%, 1%, 2% concentration was 6.98 mm, 7.66 mm, 8.36 mm. Then the data was analyzed using the One-way ANOVA test. From these results, there was a significant difference in the mean of the inhibitin zone (p < 0.05) between 0.5%, 1%, and 2% lidocaine, positive control, and negative control.

Conclusion: Lidocaine has antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans bacteria with an effective concentration of 2%.
Effervescent tablets of tobacco leaves (nicotiana tabacum l.) potential as denture cleansers
Authors: Kristiana Dewi , Soesetijo Ady , Gunadi  , Parnaadji Rahardyan , Naini Amiyatun
Published: October 2022

Objective:  Poor denture hygiene could be a risk factor for denture stomatitis. Tobacco leaves (Nicotiana tabacum L.) can be used as a base for denture cleaning because tobacco leaves contain ingredients that are antibacterial and antifungal. Is there any effect of tobacco leaf extract (Nicotiana tabacum L.) effervescent tablets with a concentration of 25%, 50%, 75%, as an acrylic resin denture cleaner on the growth of C albicans and an effective concentration in the formulation of tobacco leaf extract effervescent tablets as a acrylic resin denture cleaner against the growth of C.albicans

Material and Methods: The type of this research is a laboratory experimental study with a randomized posttest only control group design. The samples were divided into 5 sample groups, namely: acrylic plate immersed in Effervescent tablet of tobacco leaf extract with a concentration of 25%, 50%, 75% for 30 minutes, acrylic plate for the commercially sold effervescent tablet for 20 minutes and acrylic plate immersed in distilled water for 30 minutes. The acrylic resin plate contaminated with C.albicans was then measured using a spectrometer to see the turbidity. Then the data analyzed using one way ANOVA.

Result: There were significant differences in all groups, except for the effervescent tablets of tobacco leaf extract (nicotiana tabacum L.) with 75% concentration and commercially sold denture cleanser effervescent tablets which was .473. There was no significant difference.

Conclusion: Effervescent tablets of Tobacco leaf (Nicotiana tabacum L.) are 75% effective in inhibiting C.albicans with immersion time of 30 minutes.
Description of alveolar bone resorption in partially edentulous mandible of a female patient in panoramic radiograph
Authors: Khairinisa Firas A. , Azhari  , Pramanik Farina
Published: October 2022

Objective: The purpose of this research was to determine alveolar bone resorption by measuring alveolar bone height in the mandible of partially edentulous female patients through panoramic radiograph

Material and Methods: The method of this study was descriptive using 34 panoramic radiographs of partially edentulous mandible in female patients aged 20-45 years in Dental Radiology Installation of Unpad Dental Hospital from 2016 to 2017. Alveolar bone height was measured using Proximal RABL (Radiographic Alveolar Bone Loss) method with the help of Ez-Pax Plus software.

Results: The highest average alveolar bone height was 3.5 mm and 12.96% of them occurred in 30-35 years age group. The lowest height was 3 mm with 10.98% occurred in 20-29 years age group.

Conclusion: Alveolar bone height in partially edentulous mandible of female patients underwent resorption of mild classification according to proximal RABL method.
Correlation between levels of patient satisfaction and the value of cephalometric skeletal analysis in post-orthognatic surgery patients
Authors: Putra Joni , Sjamsudin Endang , Arumsari Asri , Yuza Abel T.
Published: October 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of patient satisfaction after orthognathic surgery and the correlation between the patient satisfaction level after orthognathic surgery and the results of the cephalometric skeletal analysis. 

Material and Methods: This study were patients who had orthognathic surgery either BSSO, Osteotomy Le Fort 1, or Double Jaw Surgery. First, the subjects filled out a questionnaire about patient satisfaction after orthognathic surgery, the second was taking cephalometric radiographs which were then analyzed by the Steiner method by measuring the angles of SNA, SNB, ANB, and GoGN-SN.

Results: The results of the study on 10 research subjects showed that all questionnaire scores were in the "satisfied" category. Cephalometric skeletal analysis of all cephalograms showed 50% normal SNA angle, 10% normal SNB angle, 80% normal ANB angle, and 90% normal GoGN-SN angle. The Concordal Kendall test results show the correlation coefficient value of 0.534 or 53.4%.

Conclusion: On average, patients are very satisfied with the orthognathic surgery they have undergone. There is a correlation between the level of patient satisfaction after orthognathic surgery and the results of the cephalometric skeletal analysis.
Oro-dental care of visually impaired child: A case report
Authors: Ayesha  , Vellore Krishna P. , Challa Santosh K. , S. Niharika , K. Saigeeta
Published: October 2022

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to describe the management of a visually impaired 12-year-old child by using ‘ATP technique’ and ‘Tell-Feel-Do technique’.

Methods: A 12-year-old female child reported to the department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Army College of Dental Sciences, with the chief complaint of decay in lower left back tooth since 1 month. The patient was completely blind since birth. Learning

Results: Most of the skills, technique, and activities carried out routinely are related to our vision. In people with visual impairement, there are limitations of moving around in different surroundings and performing basic activities due to which managing them becomes a challenging task for Pediatric dentists.

Conclusion: With the introduction of ATP (Audio-Tactile Performance) it has become easier for both dentist and the child to get along with each other and also the dentist can easily convey all the procedures to be done in child.
Comparison of effectiveness of normal saline, aquades and mineral water as an irrigation solution in odontectomy of impacted mandibular third molar in University of Sumatera Utara Hospital
Authors: Riza Ahyar , Bukit Geby AK.
Published: October 2022

Objective: To compare effectiveness of normal saline, aquades and mineral water as an irrigation solution on post-operative pain, swelling and trismus after odontectomy of impacted mandibular third molar.

Material and Methods: This study is a clinical experimental study using a post-test only control group design study design. Measurement of pain, trismus and swelling was checked on the third and seventh days after odontectomy. The number of patients studied was 33 people which 11 people used normal saline solution, 11 people used distilled water solution and 11 people used mineral water solution.

Results: Was statistically analyzed using one way ANOVA test. There was no significant difference (p> 0.05) in effectiveness of normal saline, aquades and mineral water solutions as irrigation solutions to pain, trismus and swelling on the third and seventh days after odontectomy. However, on the third day after the odontectomy, irrigating of normal saline solution showed lower levels of pain, trismus and swelling compared to other irrigation solutions.  

Conclusion: Normal saline solution can promote oral wound healing and stimulates cell migration
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration of beluntas leaf ethanol extract against streptococcus mutans
Authors: Septiani Elin , Pranata Natallia , Sugiaman Vinna K.
Published: October 2022

bjective: The purpose of this study was to determine the exact values of MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) and MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) of beluntas leaf extract against Streptococcus mutans colonies.

Material and Methood: This study used Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 and ethanol extract of beluntas leaves with concentrations: 250 g/ml, 125 g/ml, 62.5 g/ml, 31.3 g/ml, 15.6 g/ml, 7.8 g /ml, 3.9 g/ml and 1.95μg/ml. This study used two methods, Broth Microdilution and Total Plate Count techniques as the designated method for the purpose of counting bacteria. Furthermore, the data analysis test was carried out to analyze normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. If the data distribution shows normal, then one way ANOVA parametric test is performed to determine the significance between the beluntas leaf extract and the number of streptococcus mutans bacteria, which will then be further examined using the Post-Hoc Test with the Tuckey method to find out which dataset is the most significantly different in among others.

Results: The beluntas leaf extract showed significant bacterial properties against Streptococcus mutans (P-Value = 0.00) which was expressed through definite MBC and MIC values. The results showed that the MIC and MBC values were 62.5 g/ml and 125 g/ml, respectively against Streptococcus mutans colonies.

Conclusion: The conclusion of this study was that the ethanol extract of the leaves of beluntas (Pluchea Indica L) showed antibacterial properties as indicated by the MIC value at a concentration of 62.5μg/ml and the MBC at a concentration of 125μg/ml against streptococcus mutans.
Removal of an ectopic canine tooth in the maxillary sinus using bone lid technique
Authors: Ruth Melisa , Widiastuti Maria G. , Dwiraharjo Bambang
Published: October 2022

Objective: Ectopic teeth are teeth that are located deep in the jawbone or in other areas outside the alveolar bone, such as nasal cavity, chin, mandibular bone, palate, orbital cavity, and maxillary sinus. The presence of teeth in the maxillary sinus can cause an inflammatory reaction in the sinus and cause local sinonasal symptoms such as nasal obstruction, facial fullness, headache, hyposmia, and recurrent chronic sinusitis, due to obstruction of the sinus ostium and it can also develop into cysts. Replantation of bone fragments after tooth extraction using the Bone Lid technique can maintain sinus volume. The aim of this paper is to report the extraction of ectopic teeth in the maxillary sinus by using Bone Lid technique.

Methods: A 9-year-old girl was referred from ENT clinic with complaints of pain in the right cheek and sniffles which were diagnosed as maxillary sinusitis. Radiographic examination showed that the canine tooth was located on the right maxillary sinus. The ectopic canine tooth was removed with a modified bone lid technique.

Results: The panoramic radiograph and Waters’ projection radiograph postoperatively showed there were no ectopic teeth in the sinus and no volumetric changes of maxillary sinus cavity. In the clinical evaluation of 1 month postoperatively, there were no complaints of pain and sniffles.

Conclusion: The use of the Bone Lid technique is beneficial because it maintains sinus volume, thus it does not disturb the function of the maxillary sinus.
Communication-Aware Local Search for Distributed Constraint Optimization
Authors: Rachmut Ben , Zivan Roie , Yeoh William
Published: October 2022

Most studies investigating models and algorithms for distributed constraint optimization problems (DCOPs) assume that messages arrive instantaneously and are never lost. Specifically, distributed local search DCOP algorithms, have been designed as synchronous algorithms (i.e., they perform in synchronous iterations in which each agent exchanges messages with all its neighbors), despite running in asynchronous environments. This is true also for an anytime mechanism that reports the best solution explored during the run of synchronous distributed local search algorithms. Thus, when the assumption of perfect communication is relaxed, the properties that were established for the state-of-the-art local search algorithms and the anytime mechanism may not necessarily apply.
In this work, we address this limitation by: (1) Proposing a Communication-Aware DCOP model (CA-DCOP) that can represent scenarios with different communication disturbances; (2) Investigating the performance of existing local search DCOP algorithms, specifically Distributed Stochastic Algorithm (DSA) and Maximum Gain Messages (MGM), in the presence of message latency and message loss; (3) Proposing a latency-aware monotonic distributed local search DCOP algorithm; and (4) Proposing an asynchronous anytime framework for reporting the best solution explored by non-monotonic asynchronous local search DCOP algorithms. Our empirical results demonstrate that imperfect communication has a positive effect on distributed local search algorithms due to increased exploration. Furthermore, the asynchronous anytime framework we proposed allows one to benefit from algorithms with inherent explorative heuristics.
How redundant is language really? Agent-recipient disambiguation across time and space
Authors: Pijpops Dirk , Zehentner Eva
Published: October 2022

Redundant marking of grammatical relations seems to be commonplace across languages, and has been shown to benefit learning as well as robust information transmission. At the same time, languages also exhibit trade-offs between strategies such as case marking or word order, suggesting that redundancy may also be dis-preferred in line with a tendency towards communicative efficiency. In the present paper, we assess redundancy  in terms of number of strategies used simultaneously to mark specific relations within individual utterances (syntagmatic redundancy) in light of these competing motivations. Our test case is participant role disambiguation in English and Dutch, specifically the interaction of constituent order, case, prepositional marking, and agreement to distinguish agents and recipients in ditransitive clauses. Using evidence from corpora of Present Day Dutch and English as well as data from Middle English, we find that redundancy is prevalent, albeit within certain limits.   