bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
УНУТРАШЊОМ СЛОБОДОМ ДО НЕЗАВИСНОСТИ ПОВОДОМ 170 ГОДИНА ОД РОЂЕЊА СВЕТОЗАРА МАРКОВИЋА
Authors: Вуковић Ђорђе
Published: March 2017

У тексту посвећеном 170. годишњици рођења СветозараМарковића, аутор настоји да прикаже, појасни и актуелизује неке одтемељних идеја и дилема које су обиљежиле живот и дјело једне однајзанимљивијих личности у српској политичкој историји. Каострасног противника страних освајача, ненародних режима,бирократског апарата, свевласти и самовоље појединаца, партијскихпрвака, националистичких занесењака, непросвијећених народнихмаса, као ватреног заговорника демократизације државног уређења,побједе обесправљеног народа над привилегованом мањином,Марковића и данас многи узимају као узор према којем би требали дасе оријентишу друштвено ангажовани интелектуалци, родољуби,искрени заговорници бољег, праведнијег и слободнијег друштва.Наравно, вијек и по касније, многе Марковићеве идеје су превазиђене инереалне, али њихова разноврсна тумачења и даље могу да будуподстицајна за разумијевања социјалних и политичких питањасрпског народа.
УНУТАРПАРТИЈСКА ДЕМОКРАТИЈА У СРПСКОЈ
Authors: Симовић Владе
Published: March 2017

Како су организоване релевантне политичке партије уСрпској и колики је степен њихове унутарстраначке демократијеистраживачко је питање на које покушава да одговори овај рад.Користећи Сарторијево теоријско одређење о релевантнимполитичким партијама закључујемо да у Српској, према актуелномсазиву Народне скупштине из 2014. године, постоји шест релевантнихпартија са сједиштем у овом ентитету (СНСД, СДС, ДНС, ПДП иНДП). На бази теоријског критеријума Сузан Скаров, а то суинклузија чланства, централизованост партија и њиховаинституционализација, истражујемо степен унутарпартијскедемократије у Српској. Помоћу овог теоријског обрасца одредићемоза сваку од анализираних странака којем типу унутарпартијскедемократије припада. Четворотипну типологију моделаунутарпартијске демократије (партије ниског нивоа демократије,партије демократског централизма, индивидуалистичко-елитистичкитип партија и партије пуне демократије) позајмљујемо од ГоранаЧулара како би у адекватну типолошку раван поставили истраженистепен унутарпартијске демократије у Српској. Досадашњаистраживања и политичка пракса показују да у партијама у Српскојпостоји низак степен унутарпартијске демократије. Такопостављени односи унутар партија неријетко су доводили доунутрашњих раскола који су често дестабилизовали скупштинскевећине и политички систем у Српској. Партије са сједиштем уСрпској имају конкурентски однос унутар себе, а опозициони премарелевантним странкама са сједиштем у Федерацији Босне иХерцеговине. Таква их позиција чини јединственим партијским блокому односу на бошњачки и хрватски блок партија из Федерације Босне иХерцеговине. Тиме се у демократске процесе у странкама и изван њихукључује и нова димензија на бази које се ствара политичко понашањетолеранције мањка унутарпартијске демократије у Српској, а то јенационално-ентитетска логика политичко-партијског дјеловања.
ПРАВНА ЛИЧНОСТ МЕЂУНАРОДНИХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЈА У МЕЂУНАРОДНОМ ПРАВУ
Authors: Савић Матеј
Published: March 2017

У овом раду аутор се бави питањима међународноправногсубјективитета међународних организација, тј. међународних јавнихорганизација које су формиране од стране држава. Посебан акценатје стављен на општа одређења међународноправног субјективитета итеоријске основе субјективитета међународних организација. Правнаприрода, фактички статус и конститутивни елементи међународнихорганизација су детаљно обрађени, на основу чега је изведен закључакда међународне организације представљају посебне правне личности умеђународноправном поретку, а које посједују способности да у својеиме преузимају права и обавезе у међународноправним односима, тј. умеђународном (јавном) праву.
СТВАРНИ ДРУШТВЕНИ ПОЛОЖАЈ НАЦИОНАЛНИХ МАЊИНА У ОБЛАСТИ ЗДРАВСТВЕНЕ И СОЦИЈАЛНЕ ЗАШТИТЕ
Authors: Наградић Слободан
Published: March 2017

У раду се истражује положај националних мањина у двијеважне егзистенцијалне сфере као што су здравствена и социјалназаштита. Аутор критичкој анализи подвргава како саму семантикупојмова и синтагми здравствена заштита, а нарочито социјалназаштита, сматрајући да њихово непрецизно значење и употреба вишескривају него што откривају чињенице и релације на основу којих јемогуће детектовати и дескриптовати стварни положај националнихмањина у постдејтонском друштву Босне и Херцеговине, тако ипраксу имплементације норми из тих сфера која би требало да имобезбиједи примјену права која су нормирана. Наравно, у посебномфокусу његове пажње су припадници ромске националне мањине закоју он тврди да је у најрањивијем положају, да су њени припадници,за разлику од припадника свих осталих националних мањина у БиХ,највише, тачније: једини, дискриминисани а-pro-pos заштите њиховихправа у областима здравствене и социјалне заштите, за шта нисуодговорне само институције и службе које се баве давањем услуга унаведеним подручјима живота. Методом анализе садржаја правних(устави, закони, конвенције, повеље, резолуције, подзаконски акти исл.) и политичких (извјештаји, оцјене, анализе, стратегије, акционипланови и др.) докумената, те анализом реалних животних садржаја,процеса, односа и догађаја у овововременом б-х друштву, аутор једошао до социолошки релавантних увида о стварном друштвеном иправно-политичком положају националних мањина у БиХ, стању икретањима у областима здравства и социјалне заштите и јасноформулисао закључак да припадници колективитетанационалномањинске детерминације, изузев Рома, ни по чему нису уподређеном положају у односу на припаднике конститутивних народапостдејтонске БиХ.
Unfolding Practices: A Sociomaterial View of Interprofessional Collaboration in Health Care
Authors: Lindh Falk Annika , Hopwood Nick , Abrandt Dahlgren Madeleine
Published: March 2017

Knowledge sharing is an essential part of interprofessional practice and will be even more important in the future in regard to the opportunities and challenges in practices for delivering safe and effective healthcare. The aim of this ethnographic study was to explore how professional knowledge can be shared in an interprofessional team at a spinal cord injury rehabilitation unit. A sociomaterial perspective on practice was used to analyse the data, and by theorizing upon this, we captured different aspects of interprofessional collaboration in health care. The findings illuminate how knowledge emerges and is shared between professionals, and how it passes along as chain of actions between professionals, in various ways. The findings offer a novel perspective on how interprofessional collaboration as a practice, involving ongoing learning, unfolds. This reveals the mechanisms by which different forms of expertise are mobilized between professions as health care work.
Are Teachers Increasingly Leaving the Profession?
Authors: With Mari Lande
Published: March 2017

Changes in teachers’ work, often labelled intensification, have raised concerns that teachers are leaving the profession at an increasing rate. The present paper uses high-quality data from Norwegian administrative registers to examine the trends in attrition across three decades. These data allow for a comprehensive examination of changes in attrition, taking teachers’ education, school level, and demographic characteristics into account. Results show that early career attrition has declined over time, whereas the incidence of early retirement increased.
Editorial
Authors: Schnell Christiane
Published: March 2017

Professionalism undergoing change is discussed from different theoretical standpoints within this special issue. Christiane Schnell explains the background of this selection from the German sociology of professions debate.
Computer modelling reveals new conformers of the ATP binding loop of Na+/K+-ATPase involved in the transphosphorylation process of the sodium pump
Authors: Tejral Gracian , Sopko Bruno , Necas Alois , Schoner Wilhelm , Amler Evzen
Published: March 2017

Hydrolysis of ATP by Na+/K+-ATPase, a P-Type ATPase, catalyzing active Na+and K+transport through cellular membranes leads transiently to a phosphorylation of its catalyticalα-subunit. Surprisingly, three-dimensional molecular structure analysis of P-type ATPases reveals that binding of ATP to the N-domain connected by a hinge to the P-domain is much too far away from the Asp369to allow the transfer of ATP’s terminal phosphate to its aspartyl-phosphorylation site. In order to get information for how the transfer of theγ-phosphate group of ATP to the Asp369is achieved, analogous molecular modeling of the M4–M5loop of ATPase was performed using the crystal data of Na+/K+-ATPase of different species. Analogous molecular modeling of the cytoplasmic loop between Thr338and Ile760of theα2-subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase and the analysis of distances between the ATP binding site and phosphorylation site revealed the existence of two ATP binding sites in the open conformation; the first one close to Phe475in the N-domain, the other one close to Asp369in the P-domain. However, binding of Mg2+•ATP to any of these sites in the “open conformation” may not lead to phosphorylation of Asp369. Additional conformations of the cytoplasmic loop were found wobbling between “open conformation” <==> “semi-open conformation <==> “closed conformation” in the absence of 2Mg2+•ATP. The cytoplasmic loop’s conformational change to the “semi-open conformation”—characterized by a hydrogen bond between Arg543and Asp611—triggers by binding of 2Mg2+•ATP to a single ATP site and conversion to the “closed conformation” the phosphorylation of Asp369in the P-domain, and hence the start of Na+/K+-activated ATP hydrolysis.
Global changes of extreme coastal wave energy fluxes triggered by intensified teleconnection patterns
Authors: Mentaschi Lorenzo , Vousdoukas Michalis I. , Voukouvalas Evangelos , Dosio Alessandro , Feyen Luc
Published: March 2017

In this study we conducted a comprehensive modeling analysis to identify global trends in extreme wave energy flux (WEF) along coastlines in the 21st century under a high emission pathway (Representative Concentration Pathways 8.5). For the end of the century, results show a significant increase up to 30% in 100 year return level WEF for the majority of the coastal areas of the southern temperate zone, while in the Northern Hemisphere large coastal areas are characterized by a significant negative trend. We show that the most significant long‐term trends of extreme WEF can be explained by intensification of teleconnection patterns such as the Antarctic Oscillation, El Niño–Southern Oscillation, and North Atlantic Oscillation. The projected changes will have broad implications for ocean engineering applications and disaster risk management. Especially low‐lying coastal countries in the Southern Hemisphere will be particularly vulnerable due to the combined effects of projected relative sea level rise and more extreme wave activities.
Impact of Southeast Asian smoke on aerosol properties in Southwest China: First comparison of model simulations with satellite and ground observations
Authors: Zhu Jun , Xia Xiangao , Wang Jun , Zhang Jinqiang , Wiedinmyer Christine , Fisher Jenny A. , Keller Christoph A.
Published: March 2017

Smoke aerosols have been observed in Southwest China as a result of long‐range transport from surrounding areas in March and April. The processes driving this transport and the resultant impact on regional aerosol optical properties are studied here through a combined use of the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS)‐Chem chemistry transport model in conjunction with satellite and the first‐ever ground‐based observations in the Southwest China. The potential biomass burning source regions as well as their respective contributions to aerosol loading in Southwest China are quantified. Compared to Sun photometer observations of aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550 nm at eight stations in the study region (10–28°N, 90–115°E, comprising Northeast India, Indo‐China Peninsula, and Southwest and South China), the AOD simulated by GEOS‐Chem (nested grid with 0.5° × 0.667° resolution) by using the Fire Inventory from National Center for Atmospheric Research shows an average bias of −0.17 during January 2012 to May 2013. However, during the biomass burning months (March–April), the simulated AOD is much improved with a bias of −0.04. Model sensitivity experiments show that biomass burning in Burma and Northeast India is the largest contributor to smoke AOD (~88%) and total AOD (~57%) over Kunming, an urban site in Southwest China. Case studies on 21–23 March 2013 show that the smoke layer in Northeast India and North Burma can extend from the surface to 4 km and then be transported to Southwest China by prevailing westerly airflow. Model‐simulated AOD and vertical distribution of aerosols are respectively in good agreement with satellite measurements from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization.
An intercomparison of long‐term planetary boundary layer heights retrieved from CALIPSO, ground‐based lidar, and radiosonde measurements over Hong Kong
Authors: Su Tianning , Li Jing , Li Chengcai , Xiang Pengzhan , Lau Alexis Kai‐Hon , Guo Jianping , Yang Dongwei , Miao Yucong
Published: March 2017

The planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) is a very important parameter in the atmosphere, because it determines the range where the most effective dispersion processes take place, and serves as a constraint on the vertical transport of heat, moisture, and pollutants. As the only space‐borne lidar, Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization onboard Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) measures the vertical distribution of aerosol signals and thus offers the potential to retrieve large‐scale PBLH climatology. In this study, we explore different techniques for retrieving PBLH from CALIPSO measurements and validate the results against those obtained from ground‐based micropulse lidar (MPL) and radiosonde (RS) data over Hong Kong, where long‐term MPL and RS measurements are available. Two methods, namely maximum standard deviation (MSD) and wavelet covariance transform (WCT), are used to retrieve PBLH from CALIPSO. Results show that the RS‐ and MPL‐derived PBLHs share similar interannual variation and seasonality and can complement each other. Both MSD and WCT perform reasonably well compared with MPL/RS products, especially under sufficient aerosol loading. Uncertainties increase when aerosol loading is low and the CALIPSO signal consequently becomes noisier. Overall, CALIPSO captures the general PBLH seasonal variability over Hong Kong, despite a high bias in spring and a low bias in summer. The spring high bias is likely associated with elevated aerosol layers due to transport, while the summer low bias can be attributed to higher noise level associated with weaker aerosol signal.
Deepwater carbonate ion concentrations in the western tropical Pacific since 250 ka: Evidence for oceanic carbon storage and global climate influence
Authors: Qin Bingbin , Li Tiegang , Xiong Zhifang , Algeo Thomas J. , Chang Fengming
Published: March 2017

We present new “size‐normalized weight” (SNW)‐Δ[CO32−] core‐top calibrations for three planktonic foraminiferal species and assess their reliability as a paleo‐alkalinity proxy. SNWs of Globigerina sacculifer and Neogloboquadrina dutertrei can be used to reconstruct past deep Pacific [CO32−], whereas SNWs of Pulleniatina obliquiloculata are controlled by additional environmental factors. Based on this methodological advance, we reconstruct SNW‐based deepwater [CO32−] for core WP7 from the western tropical Pacific since 250 ka. Secular variation in the SNW proxy documents little change in deep Pacific [CO32−] between the Last Glacial Maximum and the Holocene. Further back in time, deepwater [CO32−] shows long‐term increases from marine isotope stage (MIS) 5e to MIS 3 and from early MIS 7 to late MIS 6, consistent with the “coral reef hypothesis” that the deep Pacific Ocean carbonate system responded to declining shelf carbonate production during these two intervals. During deglaciations, we have evidence of [CO32−] peaks coincident with Terminations 2 and 3, which suggests that a breakdown of oceanic vertical stratification drove a net transfer of CO2 from the ocean to the atmosphere, causing spikes in carbonate preservation (i.e., the “deglacial ventilation hypothesis”). During MIS 4, a transient decline in SNW‐based [CO32−], along with other reported [CO32−] and/or dissolution records, implies that increased deep‐ocean carbon storage resulted in a global carbonate dissolution event. These findings provide new insights into the role of the deep Pacific in the global carbon cycle during the late Quaternary.
Th‐Pb ion probe dating of zoned hydrothermal monazite and its implications for repeated shear zone activity: An example from the Central Alps, Switzerland
Authors: Bergemann C. , Gnos E. , Berger A. , Whitehouse M. , Mullis J. , Wehrens P. , Pettke T. , Janots E.
Published: March 2017

Th‐Pb age dating of zoned hydrothermal monazite from alpine‐type fissures/clefts is a powerful tool for constraining polyphase deformation at temperatures below 350°C and presents an alternative to K/Ar and 40Ar/39Ar dating techniques for dating brittle tectonics. This study considers the relationship between cleft orientations in ductile shear zones and cleft mineral crystallization during subsequent brittle overprinting. In the Grimsel area, located in the Aar Massif of the Central Alps, horizontal clefts formed during a primary thrust dominated deformation, while younger and vertically oriented clefts developed during secondary strike‐slip movements. The change is due to a switch in orientation between the principal stress axes σ2 and σ3. The transition is associated with monazite crystallization and chloritization of biotite at around 11.5 Ma. Quartz fluid inclusion data allow a link between deformation stages and temperatures to be established and indicate that primary monazite crystallization occurred in both cleft systems at 300–350°C. While cleft monazite crystallization ceases at ~11 Ma in inactive shear zones, monazite growth, and/or dissolution‐reprecipitation continues under brittle deformation conditions in vertical clefts during later deformation until ~7 Ma. This younger shear zone activity occurs in association with dextral strike‐slip movement of the Rhone‐Simplon fault system. With the exception of varying Th/U values correlated with the degree of oxidation, there is only limited compositional variation in the studied cleft monazites.
Two epitopes responsible for the catalytic activity of heme oxygenase‐1 identified by phage display
Authors: Wei Xuran , Liu Qingjun , Gao Yaping , Yang Jun , Wang Bo , Yang Guang , Zhang Shihui , Zhou Hong
Published: March 2017

Heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) catalyzes the oxidative degradation of heme. The catalytic mechanism of the HO‐1 reaction has been determined gradually by studies of its crystal structure and HO‐1 mutants. However, the neutralizing epitopes responsible for HO‐1 activity remain elusive. Screening of a phage display library revealed four epitopes that could interact with the polyclonal antibody prepared by immunizing rabbits with the purified HO‐1 protein. Two of these four epitopes are responsible for HO‐1 catalytic activity because their antibodies were able to neutralize HO‐1 activity. The results of the present study shed further light on the molecular character of HO‐1.
Candidatus
Nitrosocaldaceae
Authors: Qin Wei , Jewell Talia N. M. , Russell Virginia V. , Hedlund Brian P. , de la Torre José R. , Stahl David A.
Published: March 2017

Ni.tro.so.cal.da.ce'ae. N.L. masc. n.
Nitrosocaldus
type genus of the family; ‐
aceae
ending to denote family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Nitrosocaldaceae
the
Nitrosocaldus
family.

Thaumarchaeota / Nitrososphaeria /
Candidatus
Nitrosocaldales /
Candidatus
Nitrosocaldaceae

Cells are irregular cocci and divide by binary fission. Strictly aerobic. Thermophilic, neutrophilic, and lithoautotrophic archaea that are able to gain energy via ammonia oxidation to nitrite. Membrane lipids contain glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) bound to monoglycosidic, diglycosidic, phosphohexose, and hexose‐phosphohexose headgroups. Like other described
Thaumarchaeota
, members of this family contain crenarchaeol as a major membrane core lipid. However, their membrane lipids are characterized by the presence of the high abundances of acyclic and cyclized glycerol trialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GTGTs). Respiratory lipoquinones are saturated and monounsaturated menaquinones with six isoprenoid units. Cells and molecular markers have been found in neutral or slightly alkaline geothermal environments, such as hot springs and subsurface gold mines. At present, the family
Ca
. Nitrosocaldaceae only harbors a single genus, which is so far represented by only one species. Therefore, future phylogenetic analysis of additional cultivated representatives may reveal further subdivisions within the family.

DNA G+C content (mol%):36.8–41.7%.

Type genus: Candidatus
Nitrosocaldus
de la Torre, Walker, Ingalls, Könneke and Stahl 2008, 815.
Candidatus
Nitrosocaldus
Authors: Qin Wei , Jewell Talia N. M. , Russell Virginia V. , Hedlund Brian P. , de la Torre José R. , Stahl David A.
Published: March 2017

Ni.tro.so.cal'dus. N.L. adj.
nitrosus
nitrous; L. masc. adj.
caldus
hot; N.L. masc. n.
Nitrosocaldus
a nitrite producer at thermophilic growth temperatures.

Thaumarchaeota / Nitrososphaeria /
Candidatus
Nitrosocaldales /
Candidatus
Nitrosocaldaceae /
Candidatus
Nitrosocaldus

Thermophilic, neutrophilic, autotrophic, and aerobic ammonia‐oxidizing archaea. Urea can be used as a source of energy for growth. Cells fix CO
2
via a modified 3‐hydroxypropionate/4‐hydroxybutyrate carbon fixation pathway. Cells are irregular cocci between 0.65 and 0.75 microns in diameter. Cells reproduce by binary fission. Cell membrane lipids consist mainly of acyclic and cyclized glycerol trialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GTGTs) and glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs), with acyclic GTGT and crenarchaeol as the dominant components. Quinone systems include menaquinones with fully saturated and monounsaturated side chains that comprised six isoprenoid units. The members of the genus
Ca
. Nitrosocaldus can be found in neutral or slightly alkaline terrestrial geothermal environments at temperatures ranging from 65 to 85°C. Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of both 16S rRNA and
amoA
genes supports the monophyletic genus
Ca
. Nitrosocaldus within the family
Ca
. Nitrosocaldaceae.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 37.1.

Type species
:
Ca
.
Nitrosocaldus yellowstonensis
(Nitrosocaldus yellowstonii) de la Torre, Walker, Ingalls, Könneke and Stahl 2008, 815.
C
andidatus

C
enarchaeum
Authors: Kerou Melina , Schleper Christa
Published: March 2017

Cen.ar.chae'um., Gr. adj.
kainos
recent, and Gr. adj.
koinos
common; Gr. adj.
archaios
ancient; N.L. neut. n.
Cenarchaeum
= genus of relatively recent (derived nonthermophilic phenotype) and common (non‐“extremophilic”) Archaea.

Thaumarchaeota / Nitrososphaeria /
Candidatus
Cenarchaeales /
Candidatus
Cenarchaeaceae /
Candidatus
Cenarchaeum

The species
Candidatus
Cenarchaeum symbiosum of the genus
Candidatus
Cenarchaeum constitutes the sole archaeal symbiont of the temperate marine sponge
Axinella mexicana
. It represented the first tractable organism of the so‐called mesophilic crenarchaeota, now
Nitrososphaeria,
until pure isolates and enrichment cultures became available. It was also the source of the first assembled full genome of the
Nitrososphaeria
. Physiological and genomic analyses suggest that representatives of this genus are aerobic, psychrophilic, and capable of a chemolithoautotrophic metabolism, by oxidizing ammonia to nitrite. The environmental distribution of the genus so far has been confined to sponge‐associated communities.

DNA G
+
C content (mol%)
: 57.74.

Type species
:

Candidatus
Cenarchaeum symbiosum

Preston, Wu, Molinsky and DeLong 1996, 6246.
C
onyzicola
Authors: Kim Seung Bum
Published: March 2017

Co.ny.zi'co.la. N.L. fem. n.
Conyzicola
dweller of
Conyza
.

Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Micrococcales / Microbacteriaceae / Conyzicola

Cell are aerobic, Gram‐stain‐positive, catalase‐positive, oxidase‐negative, nonmotile, and irregular rods. The polar lipids include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, and an unidentified phospholipid. The major cellular fatty acids are anteiso‐C
15:0
and iso‐C
16:0
. The major menaquinones are MK‐10, MK‐9, and MK‐11. The peptidoglycan contains 2,4‐diaminobutyric acid (DAB) as the major diamino acid, and alanine, glycine, and glutamic acid are also present. The cell‐wall sugars are galactose, mannose, and rhamnose. Murein acyl type is acetyl. Phylogenetically, the genus belongs to the family
Microbacteriaceae
.

DNA G + C content
(
mol%
): 68.1 (
T
m
).

Type species
:
Conyzicola lurida
Kim, Han, Joung and Kim 2014, 2756
VP
.
G
albitalea
Authors: Hamada Moriyuki
Published: March 2017

Gal.bi.ta'le.a. L. adj.
galbus
yellow; L. fem. n.
talea
rod; N.L. fem. n.
Galbitalea
a yellow rod.

Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Micrococcales / Microbacteriaceae / Galbitalea

Cells are rod shaped. Gram‐stain‐positive, not acid‐fast. Endospores are not formed. Motile. Aerobic. Colonies are yellow. Optimum growth occurs at 28–30°C and pH 7.0. NaCl in the culture medium may be tolerated up to 1% (w/v). Catalase‐ and oxidase‐negative. The peptidoglycan type is B1β (B8) with
l
‐diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The respiratory quinones are MK‐11, MK‐10, and MK‐12. The cellular fatty acid profile is dominated by the occurrence of iso‐ and anteiso‐branched‐chain acids. The major polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and unknown glycolipids. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the genus is closely related to the genera
Frondihabitans
,
Frigoribacterium
,
Glaciihabitans
, and
Labedella
.
Galbitalea soli
is the type and only species representing the genus.
G. soli
KIS82‐1
T
was isolated from a soil on Kaui Island, Taean County, Republic of Korea.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 63.4 (
T
m
).

Type species
:
Galbitalea soli
Kim, Lim, Ahn, Weon, Hamada, Suzuki, Ahn and Kwon 2014, 576
VP
.
Defluviitalea
Authors: Fardeau Marie‐Laure , Postec Anne , Ollivier Bernard
Published: March 2017

De.flu.vi.i.ta'le.a. L. neut. n.
defluvium
sewage, wastewater; L. fem. n.
talea
a rod; N.L. fem. n.
Defluviitalea
a rod isolated from wastewater.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Clostridiales / Defluviitaleaceae / Defluviitalea

The genus
Defluviitalea
, at the time of writing, comprises two validly published species,
D. saccharophila
which was isolated from an upflow anaerobic filter treating abattoir wastewaters in Tunisia, and
Defluviitalea raffinosedens
obtained from an anaerobic batch digester treating animal manure and rice straw. In addition, “
Defluviitalea phaphyphila
”, isolated from a brown alga‐degrading community from the Yellow Sea in China, has been described but not yet validly published. Other habitats harboring
Defluviitalea
are not certain, but their likely presence in biogas plants and a brown algae biomass conversion plant to make biofuels has been demonstrated by 16S RNA gene sequencediversity analysis. The species of the genus are thermophilic, anaerobic, and present a fermentative growth on carbohydrates. Phylogenetic analyses using 16S RNA gene sequences placedthe three speciesas members of a new family designated
Defluviitaleaceae
in the order
Clostridiales
and the phylum
Firmicutes
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 35.2.

Type species
:
Defluviitalea saccharophila
Jabari, Gannoun, Cayol, Hamdi, Fauque, Ollivier and Fardeau 2012, 554
VP
.
Comparison of linear and nonlinear programming approaches for “worst case dose” and “minmax” robust optimization of intensity‐modulated proton therapy dose distributions
Authors: Zaghian Maryam , Cao Wenhua , Liu Wei , Kardar Laleh , Randeniya Sharmalee , Mohan Radhe , Lim Gino
Published: March 2017

Robust optimization of intensity‐modulated proton therapy (IMPT) takes uncertainties into account during spot weight optimization and leads to dose distributions that are resilient to uncertainties. Previous studies demonstrated benefits of linear programming (LP) for IMPT in terms of delivery efficiency by considerably reducing the number of spots required for the same quality of plans. However, a reduction in the number of spots may lead to loss of robustness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the performance in terms of plan quality and robustness of two robust optimization approaches using LP and nonlinear programming (NLP) models. The so‐called “worst case dose” and “minmax” robust optimization approaches and conventional planning target volume (PTV)‐based optimization approach were applied to designing IMPT plans for five patients: two with prostate cancer, one with skull‐based cancer, and two with head and neck cancer. For each approach, both LP and NLP models were used. Thus, for each case, six sets of IMPT plans were generated and assessed: LP‐PTV‐based, NLP‐PTV‐based, LP‐worst case dose, NLP‐worst case dose, LP‐minmax, and NLP‐minmax. The four robust optimization methods behaved differently from patient to patient, and no method emerged as superior to the others in terms of nominal plan quality and robustness against uncertainties. The plans generated using LP‐based robust optimization were more robust regarding patient setup and range uncertainties than were those generated using NLP‐based robust optimization for the prostate cancer patients. However, the robustness of plans generated using NLP‐based methods was superior for the skull‐based and head and neck cancer patients. Overall, LP‐based methods were suitable for the less challenging cancer cases in which all uncertainty scenarios were able to satisfy tight dose constraints, while NLP performed better in more difficult cases in which most uncertainty scenarios were hard to meet tight dose limits. For robust optimization, the worst case dose approach was less sensitive to uncertainties than was the minmax approach for the prostate and skull‐based cancer patients, whereas the minmax approach was superior for the head and neck cancer patients. The robustness of the IMPT plans was remarkably better after robust optimization than after PTV‐based optimization, and the NLP‐PTV‐based optimization outperformed the LP‐PTV‐based optimization regarding robustness of clinical target volume coverage. In addition, plans generated using LP‐based methods had notably fewer scanning spots than did those generated using NLP‐based methods.
A Polystyrene‐Supported Phase‐Transfer Catalyst for Asymmetric Michael Addition of Glycine‐Derived Imines to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones
Authors: Miguélez Javier , Miyamura Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Shū
Published: March 2017

A 2‐oxopyrimidinium salt was immobilized onto a polystyrene‐derived polymer to generate a heterogeneous catalyst that effectively promoted the asymmetric Michael addition of glycine‐derived imines to α,β‐unsaturated ketones. The reactions proceeded smoothly to afford the desired adducts, (S)‐tert‐butyl 2‐[(diarylmethylidene)amino]‐5‐oxoalkanoates, in high yields and with high enantioselectivities (up to 92% ee). The polymer catalyst could be recovered and reused at least five times without significant loss of activity or selectivity.

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Taking Electrons out of Bioelectronics: From Bioprotonic Transistors to Ion Channels
Authors: Strakosas Xenofon , Selberg John , Hemmatian Zahra , Rolandi Marco
Published: March 2017

From cell‐to‐cell communication to metabolic reactions, ions and protons (H+) play a central role in many biological processes. Examples of H+ in action include oxidative phosphorylation, acid sensitive ion channels, and pH dependent enzymatic reactions. To monitor and control biological reactions in biology and medicine, it is desirable to have electronic devices with ionic and protonic currents. Here, we summarize our latest efforts on bioprotonic devices that monitor and control a current of H+ in physiological conditions, and discuss future potential applications. Specifically, we describe the integration of these devices with enzymatic logic gates, bioluminescent reactions, and ion channels.
Optimal water management in macroscopic systems under economic penalty scenarios
Authors: Garibay‐Rodriguez Jaime , Rico‐Ramirez Vicente , Ponce‐Ortega Jose M.
Published: March 2017

An integrated optimization approach to assess the sustainability of water management strategies in a macroscopic system is proposed. Those strategies include alternative water sources, such as rainwater harvesting, and the design of distributed water treatment systems. To deal with the economic challenges inherent to wastewater treatment, an economic penalization scheme is presented as an alternative that can achieve better cost‐effectiveness and pollution abatement than traditional command and control practices. The proposed approach results in an MINLP multiperiod model, which has been solved through the GAMS®modeling environment. The solution of our case‐study allows finding the minimum investment to meet the desired environmental goals with respect to freshwater consumption and pollution abatement. Results include the number, size, and location of rainwater storage devices as well as treatment technologies, the total amount of recycled wastewater, and the total amount of fines charged to the users for violation of environmental regulations. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical EngineersAIChE J, 63: 3419–3441, 2017
Describing Trajectories of Homeless Service Use in Hawai‘i Using Latent Class Growth Analysis
Authors: Gleason Kristen , Barile John P. , Baker Charlene K.
Published: March 2017

The State of Hawai‘i, like many other areas across the United States, has large numbers of individuals and families experiencing homelessness, many of whom seek support through statewide shelters and services. This study explored the diversity of ways in which individuals and families moved through Hawai‘i's homeless service system. Using administrative data, a cohort of new service users was tracked across time to trace the developmental trajectories of their homeless service use. The sample consisted of adults who had entered the service system for the first time in the fiscal year (FY) of 2010 (N = 4655). These individuals were then tracked through the end of FY 2014, as they used emergency shelter, transitional shelter, and outreach services. A latent class growth analysis was conducted and identified four distinct patterns of service use: low service use (n = 3966, 85.2%); typical transitional shelter use (n = 452, 9.7%); atypical transitional use (n = 127, 2.7%), and potential chronic service use (n = 110, 2.4%). Multinomial logistic regression models were then used to determine if select demographic, family, background experience (e.g., education, employment), or health variables were associated with class membership. The distinct profiles for class membership are discussed.
Metal‐Free Hypervalent‐Iodine‐Promoted C3 Difluorination and C2 Oxidation of N‐Substituted Indoles
Authors: Sun Xin , Zhao Xiao‐Jing , Wu Bin
Published: March 2017

A metal‐free, highly regioselective C3 difluorination and C2 oxidation of N‐substituted indoles, with the aid of in situ generated PhIF2 in the presence of two types of fluorinating agents, was reported. This reaction provided 3,3‐difluoro‐2‐oxindoles with yields up to 64 % under mild reaction conditions. A mechanism for this reaction was proposed.
Effiziente chemoenzymatische Synthese von Dihydroartemisinaldehyd
Authors: Demiray Melodi , Tang Xiaoping , Wirth Thomas , Faraldos Juan A. , Allemann Rudolf K.
Published: March 2017

Artemisinin aus der Pflanze Artemisia annua ist das wirkungsvollste Arzneimittel zur Behandlung von Malaria. Die Sesquiterpen‐Cyclase Amorphadien‐Synthase, ein Cytochrom‐abhängiges CYP450 und eine Aldehyd‐Reduktase wandeln in der Pflanze Farnesyl‐Diphosphat (FDP) in Dihydroartemisinaldehyd (DHAAl) um, welches ein Schlüsselzwischenprodukt in der Biosynthese von Artemisinin und eine halbsynthetische Vorstufe in der chemischen Synthese des Arzneimittels ist. Hier berichten wir über einen chemoenzymatischen Prozess, der in der Lage ist, DHAAl nur mithilfe der Sesquiterpen‐Synthase aus einem gezielt synthetisierten, hydroxylierten FDP‐Derivat herzustellen. Dieser Prozess, der die natürliche Sequenz aus Cyclisierung von FDP und Oxidation des Kohlenwasserstoffs umkehrt, stellt eine wesentliche Verbesserung der DHAAl‐Synthese dar und zeigt das Potenzial neuer Substrate in der Terpen‐Synthase‐katalysierten Synthese hochwertiger Naturstoffe auf.
Interactions of Renal‐Clearable Gold Nanoparticles with Tumor Microenvironments: Vasculature and Acidity Effects
Authors: Yu Mengxiao , Zhou Chen , Liu Li , Zhang Shanrong , Sun Shasha , Hankins Julia D. , Sun Xiankai , Zheng Jie
Published: March 2017

The success of nanomedicines in the clinic depends on our comprehensive understanding of nano–bio interactions in tumor microenvironments, which are characterized by dense leaky microvasculature and acidic extracellular pH (pHe) values. Herein, we investigated the accumulation of ultrasmall renal‐clearable gold NPs (AuNPs) with and without acidity targeting in xenograft mouse models of two prostate cancer types, PC‐3 and LNCaP, with distinct microenvironments. Our results show that both sets of AuNPs could easily penetrate into the tumors but their uptake and retention were mainly dictated by the tumor microvasculature and the enhanced permeability and retention effect over the entire targeting process. On the other hand, increased tumor acidity indeed enhanced the uptake of AuNPs with acidity targeting, but only for a limited period of time. By making use of simple surface chemistry, these two effects can be synchronized in time for high tumor targeting, opening new possibilities to further improve the targeting efficiencies of nanomedicines.
Iron‐Catalyzed gem‐Specific Dimerization of Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Liang Qiuming , Osten Kimberly M. , Song Datong
Published: March 2017

We report a gem‐specific homo‐ and cross‐dimerization of terminal alkynes catalyzed by a well‐defined iron(II) complex containing Cp* and picolyl N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands, and featuring a piano‐stool structure. This catalytic system requires no additives and is compatible with a broad range of substrates, including those with polar functional groups such as NH and OH.
Facile patterning and transfer printing of ferroelectric P (VDF‐TrFE) microstructures by topographic dewetting and Rayleigh‐Plateau instability
Authors: Kim Inkyoung , Khang Dahl‐Young
Published: March 2017

Facile microscale patterning of ferroelectric P(VDF‐TrFE) thin films are presented. Simple spin‐coating of the polymer solution on a patterned stamp has led to a variety of features due to the topographic dewetting. The effects of important experimental parameters, such as polymer solution concentration, spin speed, and stamp geometry, are systematically examined and the results are presented as morphological phase diagrams. Further, the dewetted cylindrical lines on the stamp protrusions are found to undergo Rayleigh‐Plateau instability, which leads to the break‐up of lines into dots in a row. The various pattern features formed on structured stamp has then been successfully transfer‐printed onto various substrates such as Si, glass, polymers. The P(VDF‐TrFE) micropatterns have shown more uniform ferroelectric performances than those of unpatterned film, due likely to confinement effect. The proposed simple patterning and transfer‐printing of ferroelectric polymer thin films can be found very useful in various emerging applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45028.
Compressive moduli and network parameters of N‐isopropylacrylamide hydrogels copolymerized by monoesters of itaconic acid and crosslinked with tetraallylammonium bromide
Authors: Kozbekçi Cansu , Şenkal B. Filiz , Erbil Candan
Published: March 2017

The present study focuses on the mechanical properties of hydrophilically or hydrophobically modified poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) hydrogels, and all discussions on their improved mechanical strengths are based on the conformational effects of hydrophobic side chains attached to the comonomers and the structural differences between the crosslinkers. Three different types of monoalkyl itaconates, bearing octyl (Oc), cetyl (Ce), and cyclohexyl (CH) groups as comonomers, were used to prepare the copolymeric PNIPAAm hydrogels crosslinked with N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide (BIS) and tetraallylammonium bromide (TAB) as neutral tetrafunctional and ionic octafunctional crosslinkers, respectively. The most striking result is the compressive E modulus of TAB‐crosslinked PNIPAAm hydrogel containing 10 mol % of mOcI. It reaches nearly 1.0 MPa and is independent of the temperature and pH of the swelling/shrinking medium. The result was discussed in terms of the inter/intramolecular interactions between hydrophobic octyl groups adopting a rod‐like conformation in the case of 25 °C/distilled deionized water (DDW) and 37 °C/DDW combinations. Further, it was observed that the electrostatic repulsive forces between the carboxylate groups on mOcI units could be suppressed even at 37 °C and pH 9 due to the rod‐like conformations of C8H17 groups. Its micrographs under bright‐field and polarized light supported the presence of an ordered anisotropic phase and multiple associations of extended, hydrophobic side chains. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45039.
Reduced graphene oxide/carbon nanotubes nanohybrids as preformed reinforcement for polystyrene composites
Authors: Wang Baichen , Li Junjie , Liu Yongna , Gao Yu
Published: March 2017

Three‐dimensional carbon nanohybrids constructed by reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are prepared via simultaneous hydrothermal and chemical reduction reactions. The macroscopic rGO/CNTs monolith is used as the preformed reinforcement for polystyrene (PS) composites to function as the continuous conductive pathway. During hydrothermal reaction, interconnected network consisting of rGO and CNTs, driven by the hydrophobic and π‐π interactions, is formed and then frozen by the following freeze‐drying processing. Fourier transform infrared and X‐ray diffraction results confirm that CNTs play an important role in tuning the amphiphilicity and pore structure of the as‐prepared rGO/CNTs nanohybrids. rGO/CNTs/PS composites prepared via vacuum‐assisted impregnation process exhibit the highest electrical conductivity of 1.21 × 10−3 S m−1, which is 11 orders of magnitude higher than that of neat PS. The functional synergies of rGO and CNTs are identified to establish an efficient route for improving the electrical property of polymer based composites. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45054.
Positional Changes of the Ocular Organs During Craniofacial Development
Authors: Osaka Miho , Ishikawa Aoi , Yamada Shigehito , Uwabe Chigako , Imai Hirohiko , Matsuda Tetsuya , Yoneyama Akio , Takeda Tohoru , Takakuwa Tetsuya
Published: March 2017

The present study aimed to describe the positional changes of the ocular organs during craniofacial development; moreover, we examined the relationships among the ocular organs and other internal structures. To do this, we traced the positions of the ocular organs in 56 human early fetal samples at different stages of development using high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging and phase‐contrast X‐ray computed tomography. The eyes were located on the lateral side in the ventral view at Carnegie stage (CS) 16, and then changed their positions medially during development. The eyes remained in the neurocranium until CS17. However, the eyes changed their positions medially and caudally in the viscerocranium after CS18. The positional relationship between the eyes and pituitary gland changed in the lateral view as development progressed. Specifically, they were close to each other at CS17, but moved apart during the later stages of development. These positional changes were also demonstrated quantitatively with morphometric analyses. Based on the present data, the positional changes of the eyes can be categorized into phases, as follows: Phase 1, dramatic positional changes (early fetal period until CS23); and Phase 2, mild positional changes (stabilized; early fetal period after CS23). Notably, all absolute lengths measured in the present study linearly increased as the crown‐rump length increased irrespective of the phase, while features of the measured angles and ratios differentially changed in Phases 1 and 2. The present data may help improve our understanding of both the normal and abnormal development of the ocular organs and craniofacial area. Anat Rec, 300:2107–2114, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Maximum likelihood estimation for stochastic volatility in mean models with heavy‐tailed distributions
Authors: Abanto‐Valle Carlos A. , Langrock Roland , Chen Ming‐Hui , Cardoso Michel V.
Published: March 2017

In this article, we introduce a likelihood‐based estimation method for the stochastic volatility in mean (SVM) model with scale mixtures of normal (SMN) distributions. Our estimation method is based on the fact that the powerful hidden Markov model (HMM) machinery can be applied in order to evaluate an arbitrarily accurate approximation of the likelihood of an SVM model with SMN distributions. Likelihood‐based estimation of the parameters of stochastic volatility models, in general, and SVM models with SMN distributions, in particular, is usually regarded as challenging as the likelihood is a high‐dimensional multiple integral. However, the HMM approximation, which is very easy to implement, makes numerical maximum of the likelihood feasible and leads to simple formulae for forecast distributions, for computing appropriately defined residuals, and for decoding, that is, estimating the volatility of the process. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A network‐based dynamic air traffic flow model for short‐term en route traffic prediction
Authors: Chen Dan , Hu Minghua , Ma Yuanyuan , Yin Jianan
Published: March 2017

This paper presents a dynamic network‐based approach for short‐term air traffic flow prediction in en route airspace. A dynamic network characterizing both the topological structure of airspace and the dynamics of air traffic flow is developed, based on which the continuity equation in fluid mechanics is adopted to describe the continuous behaviour of the en route traffic. Building on the network‐based continuity equation, the space division concept in cell transmission model is introduced to discretize the proposed model both in space and time. The model parameters are sequentially updated based on the statistical properties of the recent radar data and the new predicting results. The proposed method is applied to a real data set from Shanghai Area Control Center for the short‐term air traffic flow prediction both at flight path and en route sector level. The analysis of the case study shows that the developed method can characterize well the dynamics of the en route traffic flow, thereby providing satisfactory prediction results with appropriate uncertainty limits. The mean relative prediction errors are less than 0.10 and 0.14, and the absolute errors fall in the range of 0 to 1 and 0 to 3 in more than 95% time intervals respectively, for the flight path and en route sector level. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.