bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward sustainable development goals in gender inequality: an analysis of gender preferences among urban pregnant women in a Southeast Asian country
Authors: Nguyen Anh Duy , Nguyen Long Hoang , Nguyen Lam Duc , Ninh Ly Thi , Nguyen Ha Thu Thi , Nguyen Cuong Tat , Nathan Nila , Do Anh Linh , Le Anh Minh , Doan Linh Phuong , Nguyen Son Hoang , Vu Thuc Minh Thi , Tran Bach Xuan , Latkin Carl A. , Ho Cyrus S.H. , Ho Roger C.M.
Published: November 2023

Background

Gender-biased discrimination and preferences are global phenomena, particularly son preferences. However, updated evidence about this issue in Vietnam has not yet been provided. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the gender preferences among pregnant women and identify associated factors of such preferences.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in two hospitals in Vietnam with 732 pregnant women. Gender preferences for their child were asked, along with socio-demographic (e.g., education, occupation) and pregnancy characteristics (e.g., pressure to have a son, gender of first child, the importance to have a son of family members, and information sources on pregnancy care) by using face-to-face interviews and a structured questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to determine factors associated with gender preferences.

Results

About 51.9% of the participants had no gender preference, while, among those who had a gender preference, 26.5% preferred sons, and 21.6% preferred daughters. Only 6.2% had pressure to have a son. Having the first child who was female (OR = 4.16, 95%CI = 1.54–11.25), having the pressure to have a son (OR = 6.77, 95%CI = 2.06–22.26), and higher self-perceived importance to have a son (OR = 3.05, 95%CI = 1.85–5.02) were positively associated with son preference. Otherwise, women having partners with high school education or above (OR = 2.04, 95%CI = 1.06–3.91), living with parents-in-law (OR = 2.33; 95%CI = 1.25–4.34), the higher number of pregnancies, and a higher degree of importance in having a son regarding parents-in-law (OR = 2.15, 95%CI = 1.38–3.35) associated with higher odds of preferring daughter.

Conclusion

This study showed that gender preference was common among pregnant women, but the pressure to have a son was low. Further education programs and legal institutions should be implemented to improve gender inequality and gender preference in society.
Sonographically controlled minimally-invasive A1 pulley release using a new guide instrument – a case series of 106 procedures in 64 patients
Authors: Sutter Damian , Treier Aline , Vögelin Esther
Published: November 2023

Background

With percutaneous and minimally-invasive pulley release becoming more popular, safety and reliability of such minimally-invasive procedures remain a concern. Visualization of the technical steps by ultrasound suggests increased safety but shows the potential for harm to tendons, nerves and vessels without proper instrumentation. We present the results of implementing a sonographically guided minimally-invasive procedure in 106 trigger digits of 64 patients between 2018–2021.

Methods

A guide instrument for use with a commercially available hook knife was developed and tested in 16 cadaver hands. Due to complication early in our clinical series this guide was modified in due course. A revised design of the guide has been in use since November 2019 with improved performance and safety.

Results

One hundred six procedures in 64 patients were performed. After guide revision, we report a success rate of 97.3%. Complications after instrument revision include two cases of incomplete pulley release and one case of inadvertent skin laceration. The majority of patients report returning to all strenuous activities within two weeks at most apart from four individuals with prolonged postoperative discomfort.

Conclusion

We present the results of the development and implementation of a novel guide instrument for use with a hook knife to treat trigger finger. Despite several limitations of this study, we show that sonographically controlled, minimally-invasive A1 pulley release can be performed safely and effectively with appropriate surgical instruments and practice.
Investigating influencing factors on premenstrual syndrome (PMS) among female college students
Authors: Yi Su Jeong , Kim Miok , Park Ina
Published: November 2023

Background

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) affects women’s physical and mental health. Depression, stress, sleep disturbance, and eating attitude problems have been known to influence PMS. Furthermore, restrictions of daily life due to the COVID-19 pandemic have led to changes in sleep patterns and eating attitudes. Thus, it is necessary to closely examine how these factors affect PMS. This study aimed to examine the levels of PMS, stress, depression, sleep disturbance, and eating attitude problems among female college students who experience dysmenorrhea and determine the factors associated with PMS.

Methods

A cross-sectional online survey design was conducted using a convenience sample of 143 female college students in C City, South Korea. Data were collected from September 1 to 19, 2021 in South Korea using an online self-administered survey. Differences in participants’ level of PMS according to physical health variables (e.g., smoking, water intake, menstrual pain intensity) and psychological issues (i.e., stress, depression, sleep disturbances, and eating attitude problems) were assessed with independent sample t-tests and one-way ANOVAs. Correlational analyses between these variables were also conducted. Additionally, multiple regression was performed to identify the factors influencing PMS.

Results

PMS severity was between normal (27.3%) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) (72.7%). PMS was associated positively with depression (r = .284, p = 001), stress (r = .274, p = .001), sleep disturbance (r = .440, p < .001), and eating attitude problems (r = .266, p = .001). Additionally, menstrual pain intensity (β = 0.204), sleep disturbances (β = 0.375), and eating attitude problems (β = 0.202) were found to influence PMS. The regression model was significant (F = 16.553, p < .001) with an explanatory power of 24.7%.

Conclusions

Considering the influencing factors of PMS identified in this study, interventions for participants experiencing PMS should be made. We propose that further study should be conducted to examine whether the severity of PMS changes according to menstrual pain, the pattern and degree of its change, and the paths through which sleep quality and eating attitude problems affect PMS.
Canine sperm motility is associated with telomere shortening and changes in expression of shelterin genes
Authors: Hassanpour Hossein , Mirshokraei Pezhman , Salehpour Marzieh , Amiri Khadije , Ghareghani Parvin , Nasiri Leila
Published: November 2023

Background

Motion quality is a critical property for essential functions. Several endogenous and exogenous factors are involved in sperm motility. Here, we measured the relative telomere length and evaluated the gene expression of its binding-proteins, shelterin complex (TRF1, TRF2, RAP1, POT1, TIN2, and TPP1) in sperm of dogs using relative quantitative real-time PCR. We compared them between two sperm subpopulations with poor and good motion qualities (separated by swim-up method). Telomere shortening and alterations of shelterin gene expression result from ROS, genotoxic insults, and genetic predisposition.

Results

Sperm kinematic parameters were measured in two subpopulations and then telomeric index of each parameter was calculated. Telomeric index for linearity, VSL, VCL, STR, BCF, and ALH were significantly higher in sperms with good motion quality than in sperms with poor quality. We demonstrated that poor motion quality is associated with shorter telomere, higher expression of TRF2, POT1, and TIN2 genes, and lower expression of the RAP1 gene in dog sperm. The levels of TRF1 and TPP1 gene expression remained consistent despite variations in sperm quality and telomere length.

Conclusion

Data provided evidence that there are considerable changes in gene expression of many shelterin components (TRF2, TIN2, POT1and RAP1) associated with shortening telomere in the spermatozoa with poor motion quality. Possibly, the poor motion quality is the result of defects in the shelterin complex and telomere length. Our data suggests a new approach in the semen assessment and etiologic investigations of subfertility or infertility in male animals.
In situ breast cancer surgeries in Sweden: lumpectomy or mastectomy?—a cost-effectiveness analysis over a 30-Year period using Markov model
Authors: Pham Phu Duy , Muchadeyi Muchandifunga Trust , Lindholm Lars
Published: November 2023

Background

Breast cancer represents the most prevalent cancer among Swedish women. Although considerable research has investigated the cost-effectiveness of emerging innovative medical treatments for breast cancer, studies addressing existing surgical procedures remain scant. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of three surgical procedures for in situ breast cancer treatment in Sweden: mastectomy, lumpectomy without irradiation, and lumpectomy with irradiation.

Methods

A six-state Markov model with a 30-year time horizon was used to compare the cost-effectiveness of the three alternatives. Transition probabilities were based on a targeted literature review focusing on available evidence in Sweden and comparable contexts. Costs were estimated from both healthcare and societal perspectives, using patient data from the Swedish National Cancer Registry in 2020 (Cancerregistret). Health outcomes were quantified in terms of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Cost and health outcomes were then summarised into an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) between competing strategies. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) was conducted to address the uncertainties in the input parameters.

Results

The results showed that compared to lumpectomy without irradiation, lumpectomy with irradiation yielded a “moderate” ICER per QALY gained of 402,994 Swedish Krona (SEK) from a healthcare perspective and a “high” ICER of 575,833 SEK from a societal perspective. Mastectomy proved to be the costliest and least effective of the three alternatives over a 30-year period. The PSA results further substantiated these findings.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated that lumpectomy with irradiation is “moderately” cost-effective compared with lumpectomy without irradiation. Nevertheless, extending this study by conducting a comprehensive budget impact analysis to account for the prevalence of in situ breast cancer in Sweden is prudent. These results imply that a costlier and less effective mastectomy should only be considered when lumpectomy options are infeasible. Further studies are needed to obtain more reliable parameters relevant to Sweden and to increase the consistency of the findings.
TBX21, the Master regulator of the type 1 immune response, overexpresses in the leukocytes of peripheral blood in patients with late-onset Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Fatemi Langroudi S. R. , Zeinaly M. , Ajamian F.
Published: November 2023

Background

The involvement of the peripheral immune system in the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases has recently been emphasized. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have recently identified several candidate immune genes linked to development of both Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and depression. TBX21 (T-bet) which drives the Th1 immune response, is linked to the major depressive disorder (MDD) phenotype. This study investigated the association between the TBX21 immune gene and the possibility of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) incidence in 194 LOAD and 200 control subjects using the real-time qPCR and the Tetra-ARMS-PCR methods. We also used an in silico approach to analyze the potential effects imparted by TBX21 rs17244587 and rs41515744 polymorphisms in LOAD pathogenesis.

Results

We found that the TBX21 “immune gene” had significantly elevated mRNA expression levels in the leukocytes of peripheral blood in patients with LOAD (P < 0.0001). We also found an upward trend in TBX21 expression with increasing age in LOAD patients compared to the control group (P < 0.05; CI = 95%). We noticed that the TT genotype of rs41515744 plays a protective role in LOAD incidence, as it attenuates the expression of TBX21 in the control group. We observed that the dominant model of rs41515744 represented a substantial association with LOAD (P = 0.019).

Conclusions

Our results show for the first time the likely impact of the TBX21 (T-bet) immune gene in LOAD development and that the elevated TBX21 mRNAs in the WBCs of LOAD patients may represent a new easy diagnostic test for Alzheimer’s disease.
Maternity protection policies and the enabling environment for breastfeeding in the Philippines: a qualitative study
Authors: Maramag Cherry C. , Samaniego Jyn Allec R. , Castro Mary Christine , Zambrano Paul , Nguyen Tuan T , Cashin Jennifer , Datu-Sanguyo Janice , Mathisen Roger , Weissman Amy
Published: November 2023

Background

The Philippines has enacted maternity protection policies, such as the 105-Day Expanded Maternity Leave Law and the Expanded Breastfeeding Promotion Act of 2009, to protect, promote, and support breastfeeding. This study aimed to review the content and implementation of maternity protection policies in the Philippines and assess their role in enabling recommended breastfeeding practices. It also identified bottlenecks to successful implementation from the perspectives of mothers and their partners, employers, and authorities from the government and non-government organizations involved in developing, implementing, monitoring, and enforcing maternity protection policies.

Methods

This study employed a desk review of policies, guidelines, and related documents on maternity protection, and in-depth interviews. Of the 87 in-depth interviews, there were 12 employed pregnant women, 29 mothers of infants, 15 partners of the mothers, 12 employers and 19 key informants from the government and non-government organizations. Respondents for the in-depth interviews were from the Greater Manila Area and were recruited using purposive snowball sampling. Data were collected from December 2020 to April 2021.

Results

The study shows that maternity protection policies in the Philippines are mostly aligned with the maternity protection standards set by the International Labour Organization. However, their role in improving breastfeeding practices is limited because: (1) not all working women have access to maternity protection entitlements; (2) the duration of maternity leave entitlements is inconsistent with the World Health Organization’s recommended duration of exclusive breastfeeding; (3) there are gaps in policy implementation including: a lack of monitoring systems to measure the availability, functionality, and usage of lactation spaces; limited workplace support for breastfeeding; poor communication of maternity and paternity entitlements; and limited breastfeeding advocacy and promotion; and (4) there is limited integration between maternity protection and breastfeeding promotion interventions.

Conclusions

There is a need to (1) strengthen communication about and promotion of maternity and paternity entitlements for mothers, fathers and employers, (2) improve monitoring and enforcement mechanisms to ensure utilization of entitlements among mothers, (3) develop modalities to extend the coverage of maternity entitlements to the informal sector, (4) fully cover paid leave entitlements from social insurance or public funding sources in line with International Labour Organization recommendations, and (5) revisit the limitations on the coverage of paternity entitlement.
Lnc AC016727.1/BACH1/HIF-1 α signal loop promotes the progression of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Li , Liang Jingtian , Qin Hao , Lv Yin , Liu Xiucheng , Li Zhuoqun , Chao Zhixiang , Jia Caili , Qin Xichun , Zhang Hao
Published: November 2023

Background

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play vital roles in the development and progression of cancer. However, their biological significance and functional mechanisms in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are mostly unclear.

Methods

We performed RNA-sequencing to predict the differential expression of lncRNAs in clinical NSCLC and paired paracancerous lung tissues. To identify lncRNA expression, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used. Using both cell and mouse models, We studied lncRNA AC016727.1’s function in NSCLC growth and metastasis. Western blot assays, dual luciferase reporter assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation were used to analyze the functional mechanism of lncRNA AC016727.1.

Results

Our larger NSCLC cohorts validated that the lncRNA AC016727.1 was upregulated in 94 paired NSCLC tissues and correlated with poor survival. Functionally, lncRNA AC016727.1 downregulation inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation, aerobic glycolysis, EMT, and migration, inducing apoptosis. Conversely, upregulated lncRNA AC016727.1 expression exhibited the opposite effect, promoting NSCLC cell survival. Importantly, lncRNA AC016727.1 knockdown inhibited lung cancer growth and slowed the progression of lung metastasis in nude mouse models. Mechanistically, lncRNA AC016727.1 upregulated BACH1 target gene expression by acting as a sponge for miR-98-5p, thereby functioning as a competing endogenous RNA. The function of lncRNA AC016727.1 is mediated by the miR-98-5p/BACH1 axis in NSCLC cells. Meanwhile, the transcription factor HIF-1α can bind to the promoter and activate lncRNA AC016727.1 transcription. lncRNA AC016727.1 regulates HIF-1α expression via BACH1 in NSCLC and forms the lncRNA AC016727.1/BACH1/HIF-1α signaling loop under hypoxic conditions.

Conclusion

Our study reveals a novel lncRNA AC016727.1/BACH1/HIF-1α signaling loop in the progression of NSCLC under hypoxic conditions, suggesting that lncRNA AC016727.1 could act as a useful biomarker for NSCLC and a new therapeutic target.
Practical psychosocial care for providers of pre-hospital care: a summary of the report ‘valuing staff, valuing patients’
Authors: Williams Richard , Kemp Verity , Burgess Jennifer , Murray Esther , Stokes Suzy , Wood Andrew , Batt-Rawden Samantha , Bland Laura , Lockey David
Published: November 2023

Background

Caring for people who are ill or injured in pre-hospital environments is emotionally draining and physically demanding. This article focuses on the Psychosocial and Mental Health Programme commissioned by the Faculty of Pre-Hospital Care (FPHC) at the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (RCSEd) in 2018 to investigate the experiences and needs of responders to pre-hospital emergencies and make recommendations. It summarises the report to FPHC published in 2022, and adds material from research published subsequently.

Method

FPHC appointed a team to undertake the work. Team members conducted a literature review, and a systematic review of the literature concerning the impacts on the mental health of pre-hospital practitioners. They conducted fieldwork, participated in training and had conversations with trainees and established practitioners, and took evidence from the Pre-hospital Emergency Medicine Trainees Association (PHEMTA).

Results

The Results summarise the evidence-based theoretical background derived from the programme and practical guidance for practitioners, professional organisations, and employers who deliver pre-hospital care on the implications of, preventing and intervening with pre-hospital providers who experience psychosocial and mental health problems.

Conclusion

This paper summarises the outputs from a multidisciplinary programme of scholarship, research, and fieldwork. The authors condense the findings and the guidance developed by the Programme Team to provide a summary of the report and guidance on implementation. They believe that the recommendations are applicable to all healthcare organisations and particularly those that employ responders to emergencies and provide pre-hospital care.
Surgical experience in repairing the right common carotid artery and the right internal jugular vein after ECMO in neonates: early clinical results
Authors: Zhang Qi-Liang , Chen Xiu-Hua , Zhou Si-Jia , Zheng Yi-Rong , Cao Hua , Chen Qiang
Published: November 2023

Background

The purpose of this study was to summarize the early clinical results and surgical experience of repairing the right common carotid artery and the right internal jugular vein after ECMO treatment in neonates.

Methods

We retrospectively collected the clinical data of 16 neonates with circulatory and respiratory failure who were treated with ECMO via the right common carotid artery and the right internal jugular vein in our hospital from June 2021 to December 2022. The effects of repairing the common carotid artery and internal jugular vein were evaluated.

Results

All 16 patients successfully underwent right cervical vascular cannulation, and the ECMO cycle was successfully established. Twelve patients were successfully removed from ECMO. The right common carotid artery and the right internal jugular vein were successfully repaired in these 12 patients. There was unobstructed arterial blood flow in 9 patients, mild stenosis in 1 patient, moderate stenosis in 1 patient and obstruction in 1 patient. There was unobstructed venous blood flow in 10 patients, mild stenosis in 1 patient, and moderate stenosis in 1 patient. No thrombosis was found in the right internal jugular vein. Thrombosis was found in the right common carotid artery of one patient.

Conclusion

Repairing the right common carotid artery and the right internal jugular vein after ECMO treatment in neonates was feasible, and careful surgical anastomosis techniques and standardized postoperative anticoagulation management can ensure early vascular patency. However, long-term vascular patency is still being assessed in follow-up.
Distinct effects of cholesterol profile components on amyloid and vascular burdens
Authors: Kang Sung Hoon , Yoo Heejin , Cheon Bo Kyoung , Park Yu Hyun , Kim Soo-Jong , Ham Hongki , Jang Hyemin , Kim Hee Jin , Oh Kyungmi , Koh Seong-Beom , Na Duk L. , Kim Jun Pyo , Seo Sang Won
Published: November 2023

Background

Cholesterol plays important roles in β-amyloid (Aβ) metabolism and atherosclerosis. However, the relationships of plasma cholesterol levels with Aβ and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) burdens are not fully understood in Asians. Herein, we investigated the relationships between plasma cholesterol profile components and Aβ and CSVD burdens in a large, non-demented Korean cohort.

Methods

We enrolled 1,175 non-demented participants (456 with unimpaired cognition [CU] and 719 with mild cognitive impairment [MCI]) aged ≥ 45 years who underwent Aβ PET at the Samsung Medical Center in Korea. We performed linear regression analyses with each cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-c], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-c], and triglyceride) level as a predictor and each image marker (Aβ uptake on PET, white matter hyperintensity [WMH] volume, and hippocampal volume) as an outcome after controlling for potential confounders.

Results

Increased LDL-c levels (β = 0.014 to 0.115, p = 0.013) were associated with greater Aβ uptake, independent of the APOE e4 allele genotype and lipid-lowering medication. Decreased HDL-c levels (β =  − 0.133 to − 0.006, p = 0.032) were predictive of higher WMH volumes. Increased LDL-c levels were also associated with decreased hippocampal volume (direct effect β =  − 0.053, p = 0.040), which was partially mediated by Aβ uptake (indirect effect β =  − 0.018, p = 0.006).

Conclusions

Our findings highlight that increased LDL-c and decreased HDL-c levels are important risk factors for Aβ and CSVD burdens, respectively. Furthermore, considering that plasma cholesterol profile components are potentially modified by diet, exercise, and pharmacological agents, our results provide evidence that regulating LDL-c and HDL-c levels is a potential strategy to prevent dementia.
Acute cytomegalovirus proctitis and epididymitis acquired via sexual transmission in an immunocompetent patient: a case report
Authors: Oyeyemi Deborah M. , Chan Elizabeth , Montano Mason , Belzer Annika , Ogbuagu Onyema , Zapata Heidi , Tuan Jessica J.
Published: November 2023

Background

We present a case report of an immunocompetent host with presumed sexually transmitted cytomegalovirus proctitis and epididymitis, where there currently is a sparsity of published data.

Case presentation

A 21-year-old previously healthy Caucasian individual was admitted for severe rectal and testicular pain in the setting of proctitis and epididymitis. Serology and rectal pathology confirmed acute primary cytomegalovirus infection.

Conclusions

This report details his diagnostic workup and highlights cytomegalovirus as a rare cause of sexually transmitted disease among immunocompetent persons.
Protecting the weak signals in distributed acoustic sensing data processing using local orthogonalization: The FORGE data example
Authors: Oboué Yapo Abolé Serge Innocent , Chen Yunfeng , Fomel Sergey , Chen Yangkang
Published: November 2023

The development of the distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technique enables us to record seismic data at a significantly improved spatial sampling rate at meter scales, which offers new opportunities for high-resolution subsurface imaging. However, DAS recordings are often characterized by a low signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) due to the presence of data noise, significantly degrading the reliability of imaging and interpretation. Current DAS data noise reduction methods remain insufficient in simultaneously preserving weak signals and eliminating various types of noise. Particularly when dealing with DAS data that are contaminated by four types of noise (i.e., high-frequency noise, high-amplitude erratic noise, horizontal noise, and random background noise), it becomes challenging to attenuate the strong noise while maintaining fine-scale features. To address these issues, we develop an integrated local orthogonalization (LO) method that can remove a mixture of different types of noise while protecting the useful signal. Our LO method effectively eliminates the aforementioned noise by concatenating multiple denoising operators including a band-pass filter, a structure-oriented, spatially varying median filter, a dip filter in the frequency-wavenumber domain, and a curvelet filter. Next, the local orthogonalization weighting operator is applied to extract signal energy from the removed noise section. We demonstrate the robustness of our LO method on various challenging DAS data sets from the Frontier Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy geothermal field. The denoising results demonstrate that our LO method can successfully minimize the levels of different types of noise while preserving the energy of weak signals.
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome and Eclampsia in the Setting of Magnesium Toxicity: A Case Report
Authors: Lee Ariella T. , Cordova Justin C. , Jamplis Robert P. , Pomicter Gregory R.
Published: November 2023

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a rare neurologic condition and a feared complication of eclampsia. It is evidenced by acute neurologic dysfunction secondary to cerebral edema and is typically reversible in nature. Although it is a relatively new diagnosis, an increasing amount of literature has described its occurrence, including an association with hypomagnesemia. We present a case wherein a 24-year-old parturient developed PRES and eclampsia in the setting of symptomatic hypermagnesemia, requiring management with lorazepam after seizures developed. Here we detail her clinical course, including the unique challenges of treating eclampsia and PRES in the setting of magnesium toxicity.
Delayed Nonimmune Anaphylaxis Caused by Ropivacaine for Preoperative Nerve Blocks: A Case Report
Authors: Ishii Tomomi , Miyoshi Hirotsugu , Kubo Takashi , Tsutsumi Yasuo M. , Horikawa Yousuke T. , Tanaka Hiroyuki
Published: November 2023

Ropivacaine is an amide local anesthetic with rare reports of anaphylaxis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of delayed nonimmune anaphylaxis induced by ropivacaine. A 70-year-old man underwent general anesthesia with a nerve block for a total knee arthroplasty. The patient developed symptoms of anaphylaxis 3.5 hours after receiving ropivacaine for femoral and tibial nerve blocks. A basophil activation test (BAT) revealed ropivacaine as the causative agent. Notably, anaphylaxis can be caused by medications even hours after their administration, and all administered drugs should be suspected of potentially causing anaphylaxis.
A Disputed Inheritance
Authors: Dolce Brianne
Published: November 2023

During the nineteenth century the medieval history of the city of Arras became increasingly important for cultivation of the literary and musical history of the French nation. Modern scholars typically cast the remarkable culture of medieval Arras within the context of France, largely erasing the city's complex geopolitical position during the medieval period. This article argues that the historiography is more complicated, revealing scholars who attempted to claim medieval Arrageois culture for Belgium, as well as scholars whose regionalist approach to cultural history defied contemporary nationalist currents on either side of the Franco-Belgian border. In showing the variety of nineteenth-century approaches to writing the cultural history of this important medieval center, the article argues that Arras and its history provide a useful context for understanding how the nascent Belgian nation curated and understood its past.
Rational Polarization
Authors: Dorst Kevin
Published: November 2023

Predictable polarization is everywhere: we can often predict how people’s opinions, including our own, will shift over time. Extant theories either neglect the fact that we can predict our own polarization, or explain it through irrational mechanisms. They needn’t. Empirical studies suggest that polarization is predictable when evidence is ambiguous, that is, when the rational response is not obvious. I show how Bayesians should model such ambiguity and then prove that—assuming rational updates are those which obey the value of evidence—ambiguity is necessary and sufficient for the rationality of predictable polarization. The main theoretical result is that there can be a series of such updates, each of which is individually expected to make you more accurate, but which together will predictably polarize you. Polarization results from asymmetric increases in accuracy. This mechanism is not only theoretically possible, but empirically plausible. I argue that cognitive search—searching a cognitively accessible space for a particular item—often yields asymmetrically ambiguous evidence, I present an experiment supporting its polarizing effects, and I use simulations to show how it can explain two of the core causes of polarization: confirmation bias and the group polarization effect.
Η έννοια της φέρουσας ικανότητας στο χωρικό σχεδιασμό και ο ρόλος της ως εργαλείο αξιολόγησης του επιπέδου βιωσιμότητας ενός χωρικού συστήματος
Authors: Βουλέλλης Παναγιώτης
Published: November 2023

Η διδακτορική διατριβή προσεγγίζει την Φέρουσα Ικανότητα (ΦΙ) ως κεντρικό εργαλείο στον χωρικό σχεδιασμό και στην αξιολόγηση βιωσιμότητας χωρικών συστημάτων, ενσωματώνοντας την εξέλιξη της έννοιας της ΦΙ και τη σύνδεσή της με τη βιώσιμη ανάπτυξη και κλιματική ουδετερότητα. Προτείνει μία καινοτόμα ποσοτική μεθοδολογία βασισμένη σε σταθμισμένους δείκτες, με σκοπό τον προσδιορισμό της ΦΙ, αναδεικνύοντας τη σημασία της στον περιορισμό του ανθρωπογενούς αντίκτυπου στα ευαίσθητα νησιωτικά οικοσυστήματα. Η μεθοδολογία της έρευνας βασίζεται σε εκτενή βιβλιογραφική έρευνα και πρακτική εμπειρία, συνδυάζοντας γνώσεις από πολλαπλούς τομείς και ρόλους, όπως η συμμετοχή σε ομάδες εργασίας της ΕΕ και η συνεργασία με εθνικούς φορείς. Η διατριβή αναπτύσσεται σε έξι κεφάλαια, εξετάζοντας την μετάβαση στην βιώσιμη ανάπτυξη, τα εργαλεία αξιολόγησης βιωσιμότητας, την πρακτική εφαρμογή της ΦΙ, τη νομοθεσία (ειδικά σύμφωνα με τη νομολογία του Συμβουλίου της Επικρατείας), και μία νέα μεθοδολογική προσέγγιση για την αξιολόγηση της ΦΙ. Καταλήγει στην ανάγκη για μία συστηματική προσέγγιση στην αντιμετώπιση των περιβαλλοντικών προκλήσεων. Συγκεκριμένα, η διατριβή προτείνει μια πρωτοποριακή μέθοδο στάθμισης δεικτών μέσω της οποίας οι δείκτες που προσδιορίζουν κρίσιμες παραμέτρους για κάθε χωρικό σύστημα αποκτούν εμπροσθοβαρή χαρακτήρα, ενώ η συνολική απόκλιση από τη ΦΙ εκφράζεται μέσω ενός συνδυασμού σταθμισμένων ποσοστών απόκλισης. Η διαδικασία Ιεράρχησης Παραγόντων αναγνωρίζει τα δομικά επίπεδα των παραγόντων, αποτελεί επίσης κομβικό στοιχείο της μεθοδολογίας αυτής. Η πρωτοτυπία της έρευνας έγκειται στον εννοιολογικό προσδιορισμό και εφαρμογή της ΦΙ σε διευρυμένο χωρικό σχεδιασμό, στη διεπιστημονική προσέγγιση που ενσωματώνει περιβαλλοντικές και κοινωνικοοικονομικές διαστάσεις, και στην πρακτική υλοποίηση και παρακολούθηση με στόχο τη βελτίωση της βιωσιμότητας και την επίτευξη των στόχων αειφορίας, στο πλαίσιο των κατευθύνσεων της Ευρωπαϊκής Πράσινης συμφωνίας. Η έρευνα αυτή θέτει τις βάσεις για μια ολιστική και συστηματική προσέγγιση στον πολεοδομικό σχεδιασμό, προωθώντας την ενσωμάτωση της ΦΙ στον προγραμματισμό και την πολιτική ανάπτυξης.
Ζητήματα γραμματικής του προφορικού συνομιλιακού λόγου στα ελληνικά
Authors: Λαμπίδης Εμμανουήλ
Published: November 2023

Η παρούσα έρευνα έχει ως στόχο τη μελέτη των γραμματικών δεικτών να, που, ότι και πως στις αυθόρμητες προφορικές συνομιλίες. Η αξιοποίηση κυρίως του γραπτού λόγου στις γλωσσολογικές μελέτες, αλλά και στις γραμματικές περιγραφές των έργων αναφοράς της νέας ελληνικής καθιστούν το πεδίο του προφορικού λόγου πρόσφορο προς μελέτη. Και παρά το γεγονός ότι οι συγκεκριμένοι γραμματικοί δείκτες συγκεντρώνουν το ενδιαφέρον των ερευνητών συστηματικά τις τελευταίες δεκαετίες, η μελέτη τους στις συνθήκες του προφορικού λόγου απουσιάζει. Συνεπώς, η διατριβή επικεντρώνεται στην περιγραφή των συντακτικών και σημασιο-πραγματολογικών χαρακτηριστικών των να, που, ότι και πως, στη σύγκριση μεταξύ τους, επιχειρώντας τον διάλογο με την προγενέστερη γλωσσολογική έρευνα. Για τους σκοπούς της έρευνας δημιουργήθηκε ένα σώμα κειμένων αυθόρμητων προφορικών συνομιλιών περίπου 127.000 λέξεων. Η μελέτη των δεδομένων βασίστηκε στη μεθοδολογία της Γλωσσολογίας Σωμάτων Κειμένων, ενώ χρησιμοποιήθηκαν έννοιες από την Ανάλυση Συνομιλίας, με στόχο αφενός την ποσοτική ανάλυση και την ανίχνευση της τυπικής χρήσης και αφετέρου την ποιοτική μικρο-ανάλυση των δεδομένων προσβλέποντας στην όσο το δυνατόν πιο ολοκληρωμένη περιγραφή των χαρακτηριστικών τους.Η ανάλυση των δεδομένων ανέδειξε τις συχνότητες χρήσης των τεσσάρων υπό εξέταση γραμματικών δεικτών, τις τυπικότερες χρήσεις και δομές τους, τις λειτουργίες τους στον αυθόρμητο προφορικό λόγο και οδήγησε στη διατύπωση υποθέσεων για τον πρωτοτυπικό χαρακτήρα τους. Συγκεκριμένα, υποστηρίχθηκε ότι το να διαθέτει το σημασιολογικό χαρακτηριστικό της χρονικότητας και μαζί με το ρηματικό τύπο διαμορφώνει ένα μη χρονικά οριοθετημένο διάστημα∙ το που είναι ένας οριστικός, προτασιακός δείκτης που μεταφέρει στη συνομιλία την αμοιβαία γνώση των συνομιλητριών ή την εκτίμηση περί αμοιβαίας γνώσης και διακρίνεται σε προσδιοριστικό που και μη προσδιοριστικό που∙ το ότι αποτελεί επιστημικό δείκτη που φέρει τη βασική πληροφορία του εκφωνήματος, η οποία σχολιάζεται ως προς την αληθειακότητά της σε μία κλίμακα επιστημικότητας από τη συνεπαγωγή του ψεύδους μέχρι τη γεγονοτικότητα∙ τέλος, το πως παρουσιάζει τα ίδια χαρακτηριστικά με το ότι, αλλά διαφοροποιείται ως προς τη συχνότητα χρήσης, τη συχνότητα σύναψης με συγκεκριμένα ρήματα εξάρτησης και τη συχνότητα κατανομής σε συγκεκριμένα συγκειμενικά πλαίσια. Από την αντιπαραβολή των ευρημάτων με εκείνα της βιβλιογραφίας αναδείχθηκαν συγκλίσεις και αποκλίσεις με στόχο τον σχηματισμό μιας ευρύτερης εικόνας για τα υπό εξέταση γραμματικά στοιχεία. Τα ευρήματα της παρούσας διατριβής υπογραμμίζουν τη σημασία της μελέτης μέσω σωμάτων κειμένων του αυθεντικού προφορικού λόγου, και πιο συγκεκριμένα των αυθόρμητων συνομιλιών, για τον καθορισμό του χαρακτήρα των τεσσάρων γραμματικών δεικτών και, ευρύτερα, για την ανάλυση των γραμματικών δομών της ελληνικής.
Insubordinate relative clauses in Finnish – old and new
Authors: Helasvuo Marja-Liisa , Laury Ritva
Published: November 2023

This article concerns insubordination, the use of clause types ordinarily considered subordinate without main clauses (Evans 2007). We study the use of insubordinate relative clauses (RCs) in two corpora, the Arkisyn corpus of contemporary Finnish conversation and the Agricola corpus from the 16th century. Our main findings are that the construction is put to very similar uses in the two corpora, but that it is more common in the newer corpus. We show that insubordination of RCs existed along with subordination already in the earliest records of Finnish language use. Thus, insubordination of RCs is not a more recent development than their use as subordinate clauses. We conclude that the more frequent use in the newer data is likely not a result of a process of grammaticalization that would have occurred since the 16th century.

Kokkuvõte. Marja-Liisa Helasvuo, Ritva Laury: Pealauseta relatiivlaused soome keeles – vanad ja uued. Siinses artiklis käsitleme insubordinatsiooni ehk teiste sõnadega selliseid lauseid, mis loetakse tüüpjuhul kõrvallauseteks, kuid esinevad ilma pealauseta. Uurime soome keele relatiivlauseid, millel puudub pealause. Keeleainestik pärineb kahest korpusest: tänapäeva soome kõnekeelt sisaldavast korpusest Arkisyn ja 16. sajandi keelenäiteid sisaldavast korpusest Agricola. Meie tähelepanekud näitavad, et mainitud konstruktsioon esineb mõlemas keelekorpuses, kuid uuemas ainestikus on selle kasuta- mine tavalisem. Osutame oma uurimuses, et nii insubordinatsioon kui subordinatsioon esinevad juba varajastes soome keele tekstides. Seega ei ole ilma pealauseta relatiivlause kasutamine uuem keelenähtus kui pealausega relatiivlausete kasutamine. Meie uurimus näitab, et insubordinatsiooni sagedasemat esinemist uuema keeleainestiku relatiivlausetes ei peaks tõlgendama 16. sajandist alates arenema hakanud grammatikaliseerumise nähtusena.
Isiku mitu nägu kriisisuhtluses
Authors: Tragel Ilona , Habicht Külli
Published: November 2023

Artikkel annab ülevaate mitmuse esimese isiku väljendamise vahendite (verbivormid ja asesõnad) ja viisakusväljendite (ekspressiivsed kõneaktid palumine, vabandamine ja tänamine) kasutamisest koroonapiirangusiltidel. Uurimuse lähtematerjal oli 900 koroonapiirangute uksesilti perioodist 13.03.2020–29.11.2021. Analüüsi eesmärk on iseloomustada sildi autori (saatja) sõna- ja vormivalikutes avalduvaid keskseid interpersonaalseid strateegiaid. Analüüsiti 1005 mitmuse esimese isiku kasutust ning 506 viisakusväljendit. Leiti, et mitmuse esimese isiku vormidest on ülekaalus eksklusiivse kasutusega vormid. Analüüsi tulemus näitas, et mitmuse esimese isiku eksklusiivse kasutusega siltidel on viisakusväljendeid kasutatud peaaegu kaks korda rohkem kui inklusiivse kasutusega siltidel. Võib oletada, et see on tingitud funktsionaalsest vajadusest tasakaalustada direktiivsete sõnumite interpersonaalsust, et sõnum oleks lisaks kaasavusele ka käsu või soovitusena tõsiseltvõetav.

Abstract. Ilona Tragel, Külli Habicht: Many faces of person on Estonian COVID-signs. This article will provide an overview of an analysis of verb forms, pronouns, and linguistic expressions of politeness (such as requesting, apologizing, and thanking) on 900 Estonian COVID-19 signs. The signs were collected from 13 March 2020 to 29 November 2021. The aim of the analysis is to describe the main interpersonal strategies present in the sign’s author word and form choices. We analysed 1,005 usages of the 1st person plural and 506 expressions of politeness. We found that exclusive forms were prevalent among the 1st person plural forms. The signs with 1st person plural exclusive forms also included twice as many expressions of politeness when compared to the inclusive forms of the same person. We thus may assume that the signs’ authors were trying to balance the credibility of their commands or suggestions and maintaining inclusive interpersonal relations with their addressees.
Retrospective Dynamics of Orthodox Russian-language Concepts in Social Communicative Context
Authors: Poletaeva T.
Published: November 2023

In the context of the review of key religious, cultural and political events in the history of Russia in 1682–1750 and modern Russia during the last 42 years (in the period 1980–1990 and 1990 to the present), according to data of the National Corpus of Russian a comparison is done of the frequency of the typical Christian notions in Russian. In the pointed temporal intervals among the Christian notions confessional main concepts are identified in Russian existing due to Orthodox Christianity and having the highest frequency,

and the features of the dynamics of frequency of the identified religious concepts in 1980–1990 are considered in comparison with the retrospective epoch of 1682–1750, as well as of 1990–2023 in Russian language communicative discourse. The changes in the hierarchy in the religious concept sphere and the dynamics of the frequency of Christian notions in the pointed temporal intervals of Russian are interpreted.
Maiden speech as a genre of parliamentary discourse: a functional aspect
Authors: Kukshinova Elena
Published: November 2023

Introduction. The paper focuses on the genre of a maiden speech, which is the first official speech of a newly elected parliamentarian. The relevance of the research is due to the fact that no special studies of this genre have been presented in the linguistic literature so far.

Aim. The study aims at discovering and describing the functional features of a maiden speech.

Methodology and research methods. The methods used in the work include the descriptive method, the methods of discursive, contextual, functional and stylistic analysis.

Results. As a result of the study, the following main functions of a maiden speech are identified: the functions of presentation, social identification and solidarity, the performative function, the functions of orientation, differentiation and confrontation. Special features and means of implementing each of the functions are considered. It is concluded that a maiden speech is a “hybrid” speech genre, in which the signs of ritual genres are combined with the signs of orientational genres; the features of agonal genres can also be found in a maiden speech.

The scientific novelty of this study lies in the functional approach to the description of the speech genre under consideration.

The practical significance of the paper is determined by the fact that its results can be used in the courses of lectures on political linguistics, discourse theory, genristics and rhetoric.
TAILORED FIBER PLACEMENTS FOR NOTCH SENSITIVITY STUDY USING 3D PRINTING
Authors: VATTATHURVALAPPIL SUHAIL HYDER
Published: November 2023

Due to uninterrupted load transfer, continuous fiber composites have greater strength, stiffness, and toughness than nano, micro, and short fiber composites. Recent developments in 3D printing facilitated rapid manufacturing of thermoplastic composites with continuous fiber reinforcements. Such composites manufactured for primary structural applications are frequently subjected to perforations, notches, and fillets during joining and assembly processes, resulting in stress concentrations and, consequently, premature failure. As such, tailoring/steering the continuous fibers around the notch is anticipated to deliver better performance in strength and toughness as the fiber are not cut during the drilling process. In this investigation, three different cases were studied namely (i) Un-notched continuous glass fiber reinforced nylon composite (ii) Notched continuous glass fiber reinforced nylon composite and (iii) Steered continuous glass fiber around the notch. It was observed that drilling a circular notch size of size 0.3 (notch diameter/width of sample) can reduce the strength and strain to failure by 48 and 39 percent respectively. Nevertheless, samples with steered fiber around the notch manifested 22 percent improvement in strength and 38 percent improvement in toughness compared to the drilled samples. Overall, this technique provides an initial thumb-rule in enhancing the mechanical performance of continuous fiber reinforced composites.
Determining factors of foreign direct investment in Emerging Market Asia: A panel data analysis (2005-2020)
Authors: Ariyani Anisa Dwi , Firmansyah Firmansyah
Published: November 2023

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is recognized as a major force that integrates developing countries into the world economy and is expected to be a key factor in driving sustainable and balanced economic growth. Emerging Market Asia countries are the host countries that receive the highest inflows of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) compared to other emerging market countries. Even in crisis conditions, emerging market countries, especially the Asian region, are still the destination for investment because of their resilience to crisis shocks. In analyzing the determinants of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), the variables used are Market Size, Trade Openness, Interest Rates, Control of Corruption, Education Levels and Telecommunication Infrastructure. The analytical method used is the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) Data Panel. The results of the study show that market size, corruption control and telecommunications infrastructure have a positive and significant effect on foreign direct investment inflows. The Education Level variable was found to have a negative effect on FDI inflows. While the variables of Trade Openness and Interest Rates have no significant effect. The implications of this research are that host country governments need to create an investment-friendly environment with transparent bureaucratic conditions to increase the trust of foreign investors. Additionally, governments also need to provide facilities that can support the private sector in creating productive investments, such as by improving GDP performance and enhancing infrastructure quality.
Input-output analysis: Revenue facilites in Batam, Bintan and Karimun free trade zone
Authors: Gultom Yulifar Amin
Published: November 2023

Indonesia has four regions declared as free trade zone, which is Sabang, Batam, Bintan, and Karimun. However, Government Regulation Number 41 2021 only puts a lot of focus in the development of Batam, Bintan and Karimun. This study aims to see the impact of free trade zone as a facility given by government using input-output analysis. The impact will be measured as multiplier effect. The usage of input-output analysis differentiate this study with prior research.  Input-output analysis is also used to provide priority sector of Batam, Bintan, and Karimun. This study finds that free trade zone facility provides total impact of Rp20.161,02 billion, but also shows that Batam, Bintan, and Karimun (Riau Islands Province) only provides the lowest multiplier effect compares to other provinces. By using priority sector, this study shows that from 22 development themes of Batam, Bintan, and Karimun, only 14 themes are worthy to be sustained and done. Therefore, the government needs to accelerate the integration within Batam, Bintan, and Karimun and other regions around them to boost their multiplier effect. Government also needs to reanalyze the feasibility of Batam, Bintan, and Karimun’s development themes. This study implies that from input-output analysis can be derived how effective the revenue facility given and what sectors which government needs to focus on to develop Riau Islands’ economies better. This study uses 2016 interregional input-output table, next study can be done using the latest interregional input-output table.