bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Compensation and Motivation on Employee performance
Authors: Liga febrina  , Agusra Dodi , Lussianda Erfa Okta , Susanti Aznur Rizki
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of compensation and motivation on employee performance at PT Adicitra Mulyatama in Pekanbaru. Riau Indonesia. The sample for this study was 40 people, sampling using the census sampling technique. The results of this study state that compensation has a significant effect on employee performance. Motivation affects employee performance and compensation and motivation affects employee performance with a contribution of 80.4% to employee performance while the remaining 19.6% is influenced by other variables not examined in this research.
Impact of Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities on Business Performance of Women Home-based Businesses in Indonesia
Authors: Sukriani Nurul
Published: September 2021

This study aims to determine the business performance that has been carried out by women entrepreneurs who were focused on home business in Pekanbaru. The population in this study were women entrepreneurs who were focused on home business in Pekanbaru. For sample obtained of 97 people. Collecting data using the questionnaire method, by distributing a list of statements directly to respondents through the google form application. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis which is operated through the SPSS Version20. The results showed that simultaneously the variables of Knowledge Competence (Knowledge), Skills (Skills), Ability (Ability) had a significant effect on the business performance of women home-based business actors in Pekanbaru. Meanwhile, partially for the Ability variable, it does not directly affect the business performance of female home-based business actors in Pekanbaru.
Use of Zoom-Based Learning Media to Increase Interest in Learning During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lussianda Erfa Okta , Nia Anggraini  , Liga Febrina
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to find out to what extent online-based learning media (Zoom) can create student interest in STIE Persada Bunda in learning.This research was conducted for 1 (one) year starting from June 2020 to August 2021. The sample and this research were 87 samples, using the techniquestratified proportional random sampling. .The results found that online learning media (zoom) has an effect on student learning interest, this shows that the better the media provided by the lecturer, the more interested students are in learning by lecturers in the teaching and learning process. If the learning media is more interesting, the student's interest in learning will increase.
Does Coaching Affect Employee Work Professionalism? A study of the state apparatus in Indonesia
Authors: Syahsudarmi Siti
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of coaching on the professionalism of government employees in Riau Province, Indonesia. This research is a quantitative study using SPSS Version 23 to process data and test hypotheses. It was found that coaching had a significant effect on the professionalism of employees' work. It is known that coaching has an effect of 78.2% on the Professionalism of Government Employees while the remaining 21.8% is influenced by other variables outside of this study.
The Effect of Liquidity Ratio and Solvency Ratio on the Profitability of Plantation Subsector Companies Listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange
Authors: Sukmadewi Refni , Dewi Sartika  , Mulyani Rodi Muin  , Deviana Sofyan
Published: September 2021

This study was conducted to determine the effect of liquidity and solvency on profitability in plantation sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2017 to 2020 because it often happens that companies are unable to balance their liquidity and solvency positions because the target company is pursuing profits without compensating management in terms of the ability to pay the debt.This study uses multiple regression analysis with a significance of 0.05. Liquidity variable is measured using current ratio, solvency is measured by debt ratio, while profitability is measured by return on assets. The sampling method used is purposive sampling method. The results partially show that liquidity has a significant effect on profitability, while solvency also has a significant effect on profitability and has a significant effect on profitability. Simultaneously liquidity and solvency have a significant effect on profitability.
The Influence of Capital, Independence, and Education on Women's Entrepreneurial Motivation in Indonesia
Authors: Agustin Basriani  , Desi Susanti  , Rahmi Zainal  , Deviana Sofyan
Published: September 2021

This study aims to determine the motivation of women in entrepreneurship, especially in the culinary field in Pekanbaru, by using the variables of capital, independence, and education to analyze their influence on entrepreneurial motivation. The population in this study are all women who carry out home-based businesses engaged in home-based culinary businesses in Pekanbaru City whose numbers are not known with certainty, for an unknown population the number of samples in this study using the Wibisono formula and obtained a total sample of 97 people. Data was collected using the questionnaire method, namely by providing a list of statements directly to the respondents. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis which is operated through the SPSS 20 for Windows program. The results of the study indicate that either simultaneously or partially, the variables of capital, independence, and education have a significant effect on the motivation of women who are culinary entrepreneurs in Pekanbaru.
Analysis of the Effect of Current Ratio, Working Capital, Debt Ratio on the Performance of Various Industrial Companies Listed on the IDX
Authors: Sukmadewi Refni
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to prove the effect of financial ratios Current Ratio, Working Capital Debt Ratio on the performance of various industrial companies as measured by profits variables on company performance.The object of research is the various industrial sector companies operating in Indonesia in 2017-2019. The sampling technique in this study used a purposive sampling technique, namely the selection of sampling based on certain criteria. The analysis technique used is multiple regression analysis. To determine the accuracy of the model, it is necessary to test several classical assumptions that underlie the regression model. Classical assumption tests used in this study include tests, normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation. The results partially show that current ratio and debt ratio has a significant effect on performance, while working capital has no significant effect on performance. Simultaneously current ratio, working capital and debt ratio have a significant effect on profitability.
The Influence of the Recruitment Process on PT Pos Indonesia's Employee Performance
Authors: NURHAYANA NURHAYANA
Published: September 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of the recruitment process on employee performance of PT Pos Indonesia (Persero) Sudirman Pekanbaru. In analyzing the data obtained from the Respondents 64 people. The data calculated used SPSS version 23. Result of t-test obtained that the value of t-count is greater than the value of t-table, then there is the influence of recruitment variables on employee performance at PT Pos Indonesia (Persero) Sudirman Pekanbaru, Indonesia. Then Coefficient of Determination Test showed value of 0.509 means  that 50.9% percentage contribution of independent variables to the dependent variable is the recruitment of employee performance. where remaining 49.1% influenced by other variables not included in this study.
Impact of Inflation and City Minimum Wages on Human Development Index in Indonesia
Authors: Herman Herman
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study to knowing the impact of inflation and the city's minimum wage on the human development index in the city of Pekanbaru. The data used are Human Development Index, Inflation, and City Minimum Wages from 2010 to 2020. The data were analyzed using SPSS Version 25. The findings of this study are partially, inflation has no effect on the human development index in the city of Pekanbaru, while the city's minimum wage has a significant effect on the human development index in the city of Pekanbaru. while simultaneously that inflation and the city's minimum wage affect the human development index in the city of Pekanbaru. and the magnitude of the effect of inflation and the city's minimum wage on the human development index in Pekanbaru city of 98.8%, the remaining 1.20% by other variables not included in this study.
Effect of Training and Motivation on Employees Performance of The Environment and Forestry Department of Riau Province
Authors: Alhempi Raden Rudi , Sudirman  , Supeno Bambang
Published: September 2021

Training and motivation can be maintained and can have an effect on improving employee performance, but in reality the training and motivation of employees is still not able to improve the performance of the employees of the Environment and Forestry Department of Riau Province. This is still a lack of both technical and non-technical training intended for employees who can improve performance and motivation at work. This study aims to determine the effect of training and motivation on improving the performance of employees of the Environment and Forestry Office of Riau Province. This type of quantitative research with a sample of 87 people.The analysis technique uses descriptive analysis, validity and reliability test, normality test, multicollinearity test, autocorrelation test, linearity test, with multiple linear regression approach using SPSS 19 IBM. The results of the study partially show that there is a positive and significant effect between training on employee performance. There is a positive and significant effect between motivation on employee performance. Simultaneously there is a positive and significant effect between training and motivation on employee performance.
Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Motorik Halus Melalui Teknik Finger Painting Pada Anak Usia 4-5 Tahun DI PAUD Teratai I Desa Pinayungan Kecamatan Telukjambe Timur Karawang
Authors: Siskawati Isna , Syarah Siti
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah teknik finger painting dapat meningkatkan kemampuan motorik halus anak usai 4-5 tahun di PAUD Teratai I Desa Pinayungan Kecamatan Telukjambe Timur Kabupaten Karawang. Motorik halus adalah gerakan yang hanya melibatkan bagian tubuh tertentu dan dilakukan oleh otot-otot kecil, seperti jari jemari tangan dan gerakan pergelangan tangan yang tepat.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas, dimana peneliti, Siti Syarah selaku guru di kelas menerapkan suatu pembelajaran dalam upaya memperbaiki pembelajaran yang sudah ada. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan model Kemmis dan Mc. Taggart, dilaksanakan pada semester kedua tahun ajaran 2019/2020, bulan September s.d Desember 2019. Subjek penelitian ini adalah peserta didik 23 orang anak usia 4-5 tahun. Objek penelitian adalah kemampuan motorik halus. Untuk memperoleh data dipergunakan instumen observasi dengan menggunakan panduan lembar observasi, pemberian tes yang merujuk pada proses dan hasil kerja siswa, serta dokumentasi. Analisa data secara deskriptif dan disajikan dalam bentuk table dan grafik berdasarkan hasil pembelajaran pada setiap siklus dengan perhitungan persentase menggunakan rumus P = f/n x 100%.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan motorik halus anak dari setiap siklusnya mengalami peningkatan, terlihat dari adanya perkembangan kategori BSB dimana pada kondisi pra siklus masih 17%, kemudian setelah adanya pembelajaran melalui teknik finger panting meningkat 43% di siklus I dan menjadi 78% pada siklus II. Peningkatan ini sudah melebihi minimum target dengan nilai persentasi 75% ketuntasan klasikal belajar anak.
 
 
Kata kunci:   Motorik Halus , Finger Painting
Pengaruh Sikap Resiliensi Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Kemampuan Akademik Mahasiswa Pada Mata Kuliah Evaluasi Pedidikan
Authors: Situmeang Muhamad sukri
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara sikap resiliensi pada masa pandemic covid-19 dengan kemampuan akademik mahasiswa pada mata kuliah Evaluasi Pembelajaran. Penelitian ini berlatar belakang pada masa pandemi covid-19 dimana perkuliahan ini sepenuhnya dilaksanakan pada masa tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah adalah metode survey dengan teknik korelasi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa program studi Kependidikan Islam STAI Publisistik Thawalib Jakarta. Adapun sampel dalam peneltian ini sebanyak 17 orang mahasiswa yang mengambil mata kuliah Evaluasi Pembelajaran dengan menggunakan teknik purpose sampling sample. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini menggunakan bentuk soal tes uraian kemampuan akademik dan bentuk soal non tes skala sikap resiliensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang positif antara sikap resiliensi dengan kemampuan akademik mahasiswa, dengan Pengaruh sikap resiliensi sebesar 59,4 % terhadap kemampuan akademik mahasiswa dan 40,6% karena pengaruh variabel lainnya.

 

Kata Kunci : Sikap resiliensi, kemampuan akademik, evaluasi pembelajaran.
Integrasi Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Dengan Gerakan Pramuka Dalam Meningkatkan Altruistik Peserta Didik
Authors: Kuncoro Irfan
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh belum tercapainya secara masif tujuan pendidikan khususnya beriman, bertakwa dan berakhlak mulia. Dekadensi altruisme tampak di MA Sunan Pandanaran, contoh salah satunya sikap apatis antar peserta didik. Solusinya ialah dengan “Penguatan Altruisme” melalui Gerakan Pramuka pangkalan MA Sunan Pandanaran. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif, pengambilan sampel sumber data dilakukan secara purposive dan snowball. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan dokumentasi, observasi, dan wawancara. Dengan mengambil sumber data dari pendidik PAI, pembina pramuka dan anggota pramuka, serta pelaksanaan pembelajaran PAI, dan kepramukaan yang telah diprogramkan oleh pramuka MA Sunan Pandanaran. Selanjutnya di analisis menggunakan metode analisis data oleh Miles Huberman. Kemudian uji keabsahan datanya menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan teknik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan: Pertama, Implementasi kurikulum yang dipakai pangkalan ialah integrasi PAI dan Syarat Kecakapan Umum.. Kedua, Kepramukaan yang ada di pangkalan berjalan dengan baik, melalui program kerja yang direncanakan. Ketiga, Keterkaitan Kepramukaan dengan Altruisme di pangkalan terletak pada kode kehormatan Gerakan Pramuka yang di aplikasikan melalui pendidikan PAI dan kepramukaan. Keempat, Pelaksanaan kegiatan kepramukaan yang menguatkan jiwa altruistik di pangkalan terletak pada Dasa Darma dan Tri Satya yang diaplikasikan dengan pendidikan PAI dan kepramukaan yang dilaksanakan secara rutin.
Kata kunci: Pendidikan Agama Islam, Altruisme, Gerakan Pramuka
Dakwah Majelis Ulama Indonesia dan Perubahan Iklim
Authors: Hilabi Abd Hilabi
Published: September 2021

Perubahan iklim akibat adanya pemanasan global, pemanasan global adalah terjadinya peningkatan temperatur rata-rata atmosfer, laut, dan daratan bumi. Pemanasan global disebabkan adanya efek rumah kaca. Efek rumah kaca sendiri disebabkan karena naiknya konsentrasi gas Karbondioksida (CO2) dan gas-gas lainnya di atmosfer. jika setiap Muslim memiliki kesadaran akan kewajibannya sebagai khalifatullah fil Ard, maka bukanlah perkara yang sulit bagi umat Islam untuk memulai dan mendakwahkan pentingnya menjaga keseimbangan lingkungan ke segenap penjuru dunia, termasuk negara-negara kapitalis-industrialis yang banyak menyumbangkan emisi gas Karbondioksida yang memicu global warming - bersama-sama berkomitmen untuk menjaga keseimbangan lingkungan. Dengan demikian, pemanasan global di muka bumi bisa dihentikan.
                                                                                          
Kata Kunci: Dakwah, Perubahan iklim, Pemanasan global
Hubungan Antara Tingkat Keharmonisan Keluarga Dan Kematangan Terhadap Emosional Anak Kelas X Akuntansi Di SMK Tadika Pertiwi Cinere Depok
Authors: Haryantini Yanti
Published: September 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahuu: 1) Ingin mendapatkan informasi secara objektif tentang hubungan antara tingkat keharmonisan keluarga dan kematangan emosi siswa di SMK Taraka Pertiwi Cinere. dan 2). mengetahu hubungan antara keharmonisan keluarga dan kemampuan emosi siswa.
Sampel diambil secara random sampling sebanyak 80 siswa, diambil dari tiap-tiap kelas 10 siswa. variabel yang diteliti ada 2 yaitu keharmonisan keluarga sebagai variabel bebas dan kematangan emosi siswa sebagai variabel terikat data diambil dengan angket dan skala psikologi. data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis korelasi product momen.
Hasil analisis deskriptif presentase menunjukkan bahwa keharmonisan keluarga siswa-siswa di SMK Taraka Pertiwi Cinere adalah dalam kriteria sedang yaitu dengan persentase 67,34% sedangkan kematangan emosi siswa termasuk kriteria sedang yaitu dengan persentase 67,96%, hasil analisis korelasi memperoleh koefisien korelasi 0,459. Pada a = 5% dengan N = 80 diperoleh ttabel = 0,220 karena rhitung = 0,459 > rtabel = 0,220 yang berarti ada hubungan antara keharmonisan keluarga dan kematangan emosi siswa di SMK Taraka Pertiwa Cinere.
 
Kata Kunci: Keharmonisan keluarga, Kematangan emosional siswa
Penanaman Nilai-nilai Karakter Melalui Kegiatan Literasi dalam Mata Pelajaran Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam Di MTS N 4 Hulu Sungai Utara Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: NELA NELA SYARAH VIKRATI , 'Adzim Muhammad Fauzil
Published: September 2021

Artikel ini membahas mengenain tentang penanaman nilai-nilai karakter kepada peserta didik melalui kegiatan literasi berupa pembuatan poster, mading dan pohon literasi khususnya di MTs N 4 Hulu Sungai Utara Kalimantan Selatan dalam mata pelajaran Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam. Penanaman nilai-nilai karakter tersebut dilakukan dengan pertama, melalui kegiatan literasi secara konseptual mengarahkan peserta didik pada penanaman nilai sehingga menjadi pribadi yang mandiri bertanggung jawab, disiplin, kerja keras dan kreatif. Kedua, penanaman nilai-nilai karakter yang diterapkan merupakan tujuan pendidikan secara keseluruhan. Ketiga, terdapat beberapa kendala dalam menerapkan kegiatan literasi seperti belum mengetahui kegiatan literasi yang dimaksudkan, menurunnya semangat peserta didik dalam melaksanakan kegiatan dan membutuhkan waktu yang lumayan lama dalam melaksanakan kegiatan tersebut. Sehingga daat ditasik kesimpulan bahwa penanaman nilai-nilai karakter peserta didik melalui kegiatan literasi di MTs N 4 Hulu Sungai Utara Kalimantan Selatan merupakan bentuk dari humanisasi pendidikan dan sebagai upaya menumbuhkan nilai-nilai karakter kepada peserta didik, sehingga peserta didik berkarakter baik.
Kata Kunci : Nilai-nilai karakter, kegiatan literasi, dan sejarah kebudayaan Islam
Media Interaktif Adobe Flash CS6 dengan Model Dart dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Di Era Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Irsyad Muhammad
Published: September 2021

Di zaman modern sekarang ini terdapat macam-macam cara dalam pembelajaran, salah satunya adalah pembelajaran melalui Adobe Flash CS6. Pembelajaran bahasa Arab dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan media interaktif Adobe Flash CS6, terlebih pada masa pandemi virus covid 19 seperti sekarang ini. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian library research, dan peneliti memperoleh data dalam penelitian ini berupa sumber data primer yang diperoleh dari buku yang ditulis oleh Ichwan K yang berjudul Membuat Media Pembelajaran dengan Adobe Flash CS6  yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2015 oleh CV Andi Offset, buku yang ditulis oleh Deni Darmawan yang berjudul Inovasi Pendidikan yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2012 oleh PT Remaja Rosdakarya, dan Jurnal yang ditulis oleh Poppy Kamalia Devi yang berjudul DART dalam pembelajaran IPA. Dan data sekunder dalam penelitian ini peneliti memperoleh dari membaca buku-buku, artikel-artikel, dan literatur yang berbentuk cetak maupun elektronik, serta studi-studi terdahulu yang berkaitan dengan tujuan dan objek penelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan membantu pendidik agar dapat membuat media pembelajaran menggunakan adobe flash CS 6 sehingga memudahkan pendidik dan peserta didik dalam melaksanakan proses belajar dengan lebih mendalam. Hal ini disebabkan karena media interaktif adobe flash CS 6terdapat komunikasi dua arah antara peserta didik dan media, mempunyai feedback (timbal balik) langsung, terdapat input data, meliputi aktivitas fisik dan mental, terdapat mouse klik atau mouse enter sehingga peserta didik dapat belajar secara aktif dan mandiri saat menggunakan media interaktif ini.
Kata Kunci: Media Interaktif, Adobe Flash CS6, DART (Directed Activities Rolated to Texts)
Pengaruh Sikap Spiritual Terhadap Kepercayaan Diri Mahasiswa Peserta Sidang Munaqasyah Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Situmeang Sukri
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara sikap spiritual pada masa pandemic covid-19  terhadap kepercayaan diri mahasiswa peserta sidang munaqasyah.  Penelitian ini berlatar belakang pada masa pandemi covid-19 dimana sidang munaqasyah  ini sepenuhnya dilaksanakan secara terbatas dengan menerapkan protokol kesehatan yang ketat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah adalah metode survey dengan teknik korelasi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa program studi pendidikan guru MI STAI Publisistik Thawalib Jakarta. Adapun sampel dalam peneltian ini sebanyak 20 orang  mahasiswa yang mengikuti sidang munaqasyah dengan menggunakan teknik purpose sampling sample. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini menggunakan bentuk soal non tes  skala sikap spiritual dan kepercayaan diri mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang positif antara  sikap spiritual  terhadap kepercayaan diri mahasiswa peserta sidang munaqasyah, dengan Pengaruh sikap  spiritual sebesar 57,9 % terhadap kepercayaan diri mahasiswa dan 42,1% karena pengaruh variabel lainnya.
Kata Kunci: Sikap spiritual, kepercayaan diri, sidang munaqasyah.
Scanning SQUID-on-tip Magnetic and Thermal Microscopy
Authors:   Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel, Bagani Kousik
Published: September 2021

Scanning magnetic and thermal imaging using Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) fabricated on the apex of a sharp tip has attracted great attention because of its record magnetic sensitivity, thermal sensitivity and nanoscale spatial resolution. Many interesting phenomena like vortex dynamics in a superconductor, quantum hall state, and heat dissipation in graphene etc. has been investigated using scanning SQUID on tip microscopy. This is one of the most powerful tool for the investigation of a wide variety of quantum systems and novel materials.
Gender and Age Differences in Choice of Holiday Destination: Case of Langkawi, Malaysia
Authors: Ismail An Nur Nabila , Aziz Yuhanis Abdul , Basha Norazlyn Kamal , Mahomed Anuar Shah Bali
Published: September 2021

While gender and age are considered as important demographic factors in tourism segmentation, lack of attention has been given by tourism researchers. Moreover, gender and age analysis within tourism studies are still limited, particularly in the context of choice of destination. The aim of this paper is to examine the role of gender and age in determining the destination choice. Langkawi has been chosen as a location for the study due to its popularity among the local and international tourist. Survey questionnaire is used as a tool for data collection. A total of 529 Langkawi holidaymakers participated in the study. T-test and ANOVA has been employed to analyse the data. The findings indicate that gender and age both influence Langkawi being chosen as a holiday destination. Male and female consumers place different emphasis on the selection of Langkawi as a destination of choice. These findings suggest that tourism advertisers and destination promoters need to be aware of different needs and wants of both males and females. However, tourists of different ages evaluate Langkawi similarly, which marketers can use a variety of promotion packages for all age group. The study's practical implications and limitations are discussed.
Macro Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Lebanon
Authors: Chehade Sarah
Published: September 2021

This paper is concerned with identifying and analysing the impact of selected macroeconomic variables on foreign direct investment (FDI) in Lebanon. Toward this purpose, the analysis will be based on secondary data collected for the period standing between 1990 and 2018 to implement the Vector Auto Regression (VAR) and Error correction model (ECM) techniques. The results reveal that Gross Domestic Product (GDP), deposit interest rate and debt are correlated with FDI. While trade was found statistically an insignificant variable for FDI inflow. The findings of the study recommend that establishing and maintaining economic stability and growth will spurs foreign investments in Lebanon.
Indonesian National Security Policy in Fighting Terrorism Among the Youth Generation
Authors: Ladjide Suharto , Widodo Pujo , Putro Resmanto Widodo
Published: September 2021

At the beginning of the 21st century, Indonesia was marked by terrorist attacks that caused victims, such as the Bali Bombings in 2002. The threat and violence of terrorism cannot be separated from the influence of international terrorist organizations that attack Indonesia through targeted attacks on vulnerable individuals or groups, more specifically the youth generation. The perpetrators of terrorism have taken advantage of the technological network of the online radicalization era. The Industrial Revolution 4.0 has inspired many patterns of human interaction from domestic interactions to global interactions. This study explains various ideas about implementing national security policies in countering terrorism among the youth generation with qualitative methods using literature analysis so that several tactical steps are found to counter terrorism through critical and open education, exemplary, eradicating injustice, transcendence, and international cooperation. An important finding in this study is the importance of the joint commitment of elements of society to implement Indonesia's national security policy through actions that have small dimensions in the school and household environment and large dimensions at the national level.
Announcement of Retraction
Authors: Galabada Jalini K.
Published: September 2021

The editorial board announced this article has been retracted on November 22, 2021.

If you have any further question, please contact us at: ass@ccsenet.org
Why Code-switch on WhatsApp? A Quantitative Analysis of Types and Influences of Code-switching
Authors: Roslan Adlin Nadhirah Mohd , Mahmud Malissa Maria , Ismail Othman
Published: September 2021

This paper examines an asynchronous computer-mediated communication (CMC) between bilingual university students in Malaysia, in particular via Whatsapp by appropriating a functional approach in scrutinizing the diverse types and influences for codeswitching (CS). A quantitative methodology was employed wherein a survey was designed and administered to undergraduate students from the Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM). A dataset from a total of 90 respondents was collected from five faculties; Academy of Language Studies, Faculty of Law, Faculty of Communication and Media Studies and Faculty of Education. The yielded findings postulate that inter-sentential code-switching was the most used type of code-switching among the respondents and habitual expression is the main factor that influence them to code-switch.
Online Learning Challenges in Schools During the Pandemic COVID-19 in Indonesia
Authors: Redjeki Dwi Sogi Sri , Hermino Agustinus , Arifin Imron
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this research is to provide information to the Government of Indonesia in particular and observers of education in general regarding the challenges of online learning in schools in remote areas in Indonesia so that there is mutual attention from educational stakeholders to pay attention to students in remote areas to retain their rights in education. This research methodology is qualitative, using the result of previous relevant researchs that support in writing of this research. The research findings include: 1) the importance of the role of school principals as implementers of government policies; 2) teachers' strategies in implementing online learning that are easily understood by students; 3) the importance of the role of parental assistance during online learning; and 4) Regional Government policy strategies for the success of online learning, especially in remote areas. The recommendations of this research are: 1) adjusting online learning based on local conditions; 2) the existence of task forces in the regions to help the online learning process run smoothly; 3) monitoring and evaluation; 4) broad autonomy for school principals to innovate; 5) teacher training program to support the online learning process; 6) the existence of cooperation between the government and the private sector in the telecommunications sector; 7) face-to-face learning for students who do not have telecommunication equipment.
The Spatial Cognitive Meaning of Across
Authors: Huang Cui
Published: September 2021

Spatial relation is a basic existent relation in the objective world, and in English, prepositions are the important spatial terms to describe spatial relations people perceive. Using Langacker’s trajector-landmark theory from cognitive grammar, this paper attempts to analyze the cognitive process of the six main spatial meaning of English preposition across based on the entries collected by the Collins Dictionary, with data from the the Leeds Collection of Internet Corpora. The findings can be concluded: (1) The use of across should include at least a tr and a lm, and the lm cannot be covert. (2) The spatial relations across contains could be divided into simple atemporal relation and complex atemporal relation. (3) The tr in some dynamic relation of across sometimes will represent some kind of schema, such as source-path-goal schema.
Cross-Pollination of Freudian Psyche and Kantian Imperatives in Dubliners
Authors: Leo Julie Prathibha
Published: September 2021

The foundation of Dubliners of James Joyce was laid on the cross-pollination of Freudian and Kantian theories. Cross-pollination of Kantian imperatives and Freudian psyche is conspicuous in ‘Eveline’ and ‘Painful case’ in Dubliners, where lies the focal point of this analysis. Cross-pollination is highly obvious in the protagonists of two short stories ‘Eveline’ and ‘Painful case’. Psychological and scientific analysis of the characters brought the embedded cross-pollination into the limelight. For Freud, humans exist as a composite of a natural, biological matrix (termed unconsciousness) and another part, the conscious ego (Tauber, 2009). Sigmund Freud’s super-ego is the womb of guilt feeling, which functioned so well in the characters of Joyce. The explicit dilemma of Eveline and the implicit dilemma of Mr. Duffy have been analyzed through the lens of Kantian imperatives.
On “4321” Strategy of English Continuation Writing for Senior High School Students
Authors: Li Jian
Published: September 2021

Under the new form of education, the continuation writing task is officially incorporated into college entrance examination English. This is a collision of imitation and innovation, and it is a very good direction of education and teaching. But at the same time, it brings challenges to both English teachers and students who have been stuck in the rigid writing mode. Therefore, they should change writing patterns, select high-quality composition materials reasonably, and set up interesting plots. Then, teachers should organize valid information to improve the students’ self-improvement levels. Finally, they should integrate high-quality articles to stimulate writing interest and enthusiasm, thus promoting students’ continuation wring abilities.
Infusing Critical Thinking Skills into Argumentative Writing: A Study of Chinese College English Learners
Authors: Lu Chunxia
Published: September 2021

Argumentative writing plays an important role in higher education with college students needing to know how to compose persuasive arguments for academic and career purposes. While writing an argumentative essay, Chinese college students not only face the challenges of the activity itself but also the difficulties of writing in a foreign language. To facilitate their argumentative writing, a revised six-element argumentative model based on Toulmin’s framework infused with critical thinking skills was taught to 30 students in an English course at a Chinese Teacher-training University. Using an argumentative essay test in a pre- and post-test design, it was found that the students’ holistic argumentative writing ability significantly improved after the intervention. However, the students’ ability to rebut remained weak.
Using PLS-SEM to Examine the Structure of First-year University Students’ Mathematics-related Beliefs
Authors: Ji Ruixuan , Yue Xiaoyao , Zheng Xu
Published: September 2021

Many research indicated that more and more students choose to drop out of mathematics-related subjects during university study, especially in the western context. Besides the difficulty of mathematics content, first-year university students also face issues of the transition period. Identifying the impact of first-year university students' belief factors on their persistence in mathematics study needed further research.

This study served as a pilot study; it structured the framework of first-year university students’ mathematics-related beliefs in relation to students’ persistence on the further mathematics study. A two-stage approach of using PLS-SEM to assessing the conceptual framework was introduced in detail. The relationships of dimensions of students’ epistemological beliefs about mathematics, self-efficacy, self-regulated learning strategies and perceptions about learning environment were assessed. This study provides the feasibility for future follow-up studies to examine mathematics-related beliefs and intentions to continue learning among university students on a larger scale.
Learner Agency in China’s Program for Interdisciplinary English Talents: A Sociocultural Perspective
Authors: Dai Fengju , Lin Xiao
Published: September 2021

Aiming to develop a sociocultural understanding of learner agency as defined by Ahearn (2001), this study asks the questions: How do English majors under the Program for Interdisciplinary English Talents in Chinese universities with international or regional orientations experience their English learning and exert learner agency differently? Which factors influence learners’ agentive activities and what differences exist in the influencing strength of those factors? Interview data were collected from 14 student participants from two representative universities in the eastern part of China. Analyzing the data using the framework proposed by Dang and Marginson (2013) revealed that learners’ agentive activities are mediated by the sociocultural context, in which the global, national and local factors exert great influences and their influencing strength varies. Among all the factors, the influence of the microgenetic domain, to be specific, the institutional context is the greatest. Implications and suggestions are provided based on the results.
Predictions of Friction Coefficient in Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Milčić Dragan , Alsammarraie Amir , Madić Miloš , Krstić Vladislav , Milčić Miodrag
Published: September 2021

This paper explores the influence of the frequency of shaft sleeve rotation and radial load on a journal bearing made of tin-babbitt alloy (Tegotenax V840) under hydrodynamic lubrication conditions. An experimental test of the frictional behaviour of a radial plain bearing was performed on an originally developed device for testing rotating elements: radial and plain bearings. Using the back-propagation neural network, based on experimental data, artificial neural network models were developed to predict the dependence of the friction coefficient and bearing temperature in relation to the radial load and speed. Using experimental data of the measured friction coefficient with which the artificial neural network was trained, well-trained networks with a mean absolute percentage error on training and testing of 0.0054 % and 0.0085 %, respectively, were obtained. Thus, a well-trained neural network model can predict the friction coefficient depending on the radial load and the speed.
Sterilization of gowns: making the most of a scarce commodity during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mtetwa G. , Anabwani-Richter F. , Dlamini N. , Dlamini Q. , Devezin T. , Kay A. , DiNardo A. , Mandalakas A. , Lukhele B.
Published: September 2021

Baylor Clinic in Mbabane, Eswatini, convened a crisis meeting to tackle critical shortages of long-sleeved disposable gowns that resulted from COVID-19 pandemic constraints on available personal protective equipment (PPE). A strategy deemed safe, affordable and sustainable was adopted
to autoclave and re-use gowns based on a risk-stratified approach. Key objectives were to ensure essential infection control and prevention (ICP) for medical doctors, nurses, and laboratory teams. Administrative, environmental and personal protective measures for ICP were enhanced through
regular staff training. This strategy for gown re-use has been invaluable in motivating responsible stewardship and maximization of available gowns during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Spectacle of Race and Ruination
Authors: Mullins Paul R.
Published: September 2021

This chapter examines the racial displacement that was at the heart of post-World War II urban renewal in the United States and the landscape it has left behind in the twenty-first-century city. The African American heritage that was effaced by scores of post-war projects throughout the country has now become part of many contemporary urban renewal fantasies. The chapter examines the ways African American displacement and gentrification was ideologically rationalized from the late nineteenth century onward, underscoring how extensively effaced African American cities now figure in contemporary development projects that leverage African American historicity in new bids to plan twenty-first-century urban places.
Transforming Cacao Beans into Chocolate Bars
Authors: Walters Dale
Published: September 2021

This chapter looks at the journey from cacao bean to the delicious, mouth-watering chocolate most of us crave. It takes us from harvesting the pods through the various stages in developing the flavor of the final product: fermenting, drying, and roasting the beans. These processes reduce the natural bitterness and astringency of the beans and produce the many volatile compounds such as polyphenols necessary for development of the full chocolate flavor. The chapter looks at the manufacture of chocolate and the processes involved in converting the beans into milk and dark chocolate. Finally, it looks at recent research into the importance of volatile compounds in the beans to the aroma and flavor of chocolate.
Negotiating Social Positions
Authors: Lai Francisca Yuenki
Published: September 2021

The chapter addresses the intersectionality of religion, class, and race on the formation of gender and sexual subjectivities of Indonesian domestic workers in Hong Kong. It firstly addresses the conflict between the Islamic identity and a lesbian identity, and secondly, how the rules established by Hong Kong people shape the discourse on the sexuality of migrant workers and how the Indonesians react to it. Rather than assuming heteronormativity as a fixed set of expectations and behaviors, the chapter unravels the intertwined effects of race, class, gender and sexuality.
A “Versailles of Trade”
Authors: Schopp Susan E.
Published: September 2021

Chapter 2 examines the French East India Company model of Sino-European trade, with a particular emphasis on the features that distinguish it from the two other major models, the English and the Dutch. In France, not merchants but the state itself gave birth to the French East Company, once memorably described as a “Versailles of trade,” and the state continued to play a dominant role in the Company’s operations, exerting the power of approval over the Company’s decisions and issuing the edicts that established its policies. But the lure of private trade, and in particular, the appeal of the Chinese market, played a major role in hastening the demise of the company model, which from the mid-1700s was seen as increasingly obsolete in view of contemporary attitudes and conditions. The creation of the third French East India Company in 1785 after a fifteen-year period of private (open) trade was followed in 1790 by France’s opening her East India and China trade once more to the private sector, and this time it was definitive; the French East Company was permanently abolished in 1793, and for the rest of the Canton era, trade remained open.
Biographical Sketches
Authors: Schopp Susan E.
Published: September 2021

Chapter 8 presents a partial list of traders, hydrographers, naturalists and others who played a role in Sino-French trade at Canton, and provides brief biographical information about each. A large number had relatives in the colonial or French East India Company administration, or in Canton or other French overseas trading centers. Most came from families that were long established in France, but there were exceptions; the best known include Julien-Joseph Duvelaër and his brother Pierre, whose paternal grandfather immigrated to France from the Netherlands in the seventeenth century; François and Edmond Roth(e), Irish Jacobite refugees who acquired French nationality by naturalization; and the Protestant Charles de Constant, a francophone Swiss whose family fled France during the religious upheavals of the sixteenth century.
The Frequency of CD4+ T Cells in Women with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Authors: Nodehi Masoume , Ajami Abolghasem , Izad Maryam , Asgarian Omran Hossein , Esfahanian Fatemeh , Yekaninejad Saeed , Hemmatabadi Mahbobeh , Amouzegar Atieh , Chahardoli Reza , Mansouri Fatemeh , Saboor-Yaraghi Ali Akbar
Published: September 2021

Background: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the most prevalent autoimmune disease, and there is no definitive treatment available for this disease. To find the appropriate therapeutic approach, it is necessary to determine the mechanism of this disease. To achieve this purpose, the frequency of CD4+ T cells was evaluated in patients with HT and compared with healthy individuals. Methods: Twenty-six female patients with HT, aged 20 - 45 years, enrolled in this study. Based on the level of thyroglobulin antibody (anti-TG) and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO) in serum of patients with HT, they were divided into two groups. The serum level of anti-TPO was above 100 IU/mL in the group 1 (n = 13), whereas the serum levels of both anti-TPO and anti-TG were above 100 IU/mL in the group 2 (n = 13). Eleven healthy women were considered control group, or group 3. Using flow cytometry, the frequency of T helper (Th)1, Th2, Th17, T regulatory type 1 (Tr1), and LT CD4+IL-4+IL-17+ cells and mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of their related cytokines were evaluated. Results: The frequency of Th2 cells in the groups 1 (anti-TPO > 100) and 2 (anti-TPO > 100 and anti-TG > 100) were more than control group. Only the difference between groups 3 (healthy control) and 2 was significant (P = 0.022). The frequency of LT CD4+IL-4+IL-17+ cells in the group 1 was significantly more than group 3 (P = 0.027); However, the difference between group 2 and 3 was not significant (P = 0.126). The expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in the group 2 (P = 0.001) and group 1 (P = 0.001) was significantly higher than group 3. The frequency of Th17, Th1, and Tr1 cells and MFI of IL-17 and IL-10 were not significantly different between the study groups. Conclusions: In the present study, no significant differences were observed in the frequency of Th17 and Tr1 cells and in MFI of IL-17 and IL-10 in comparison to healthy individuals. Therefore, trying to make a change in the population of these cells probably does not have a significant therapeutic effect. Since Th2 cells and the expression of IFN-γ increased in women with HT, reducing the frequency of Th2 cells or the expression of IFN-γ may be effective in controlling the disease progression. It may be helpful for these patients to prevent the progression of the disease.
Curcumin-Loaded Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Coated with Sodium Alginate and Hydroxyapatite and Their Cytotoxic Effects Against the HT-29 and MCF-7 Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Nobahari Masoomeh , Shahanipour Kahin , Fatahian Soheil , Monajemi Ramesh
Published: September 2021

Background: Curcumin, a bioactive component of Curcuma langa, has been investigated for its anti-proliferative effects against various cancer cell lines. Although results are very promising, the poor water solubility and low bioavailability of curcumin are its main limitations for clinical application. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop a drug delivery system, consisting of hydroxyapatite (HAp) polymer and sodium alginate (NaAlg), covering the magnetic core of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), and loaded with curcumin in order to enhance its bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Methods: In this study, IONPs were prepared by the co-precipitation method and coated with HAp and NaAlg. The nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and electron microscopy (TEM and SEM). Encapsulation efficiency and curcumin loading rate were examined. Drug release rate was also measured in vitro at pH = 7.5 and 5.5. The toxicity of curcumin-loaded NPs and free curcumin was evaluated against HT-29 and MCF-7 cancer cells. Results: The assessment of physicochemical characteristics showed the synthesis of spherical particles with nanometer sizes (5 - 7 nm) and a high encapsulation efficiency (84.16 ± 3.51 %) and drug loading capacity (21.03 ± 0.87%). Maximum drug release was obtained at pH = 5.5. Iron oxide nanoparticles showed no significant cytotoxic effects. Curcumin-loaded coated IONPs showed a higher toxicity against HT-29 and MCF-7 cancer cells compared to free curcumin. Conclusions: This in vitro study showed that the encapsulation of curcumin, as a potent herbal drug, into IONPs enhanced its bioavailability, suggesting the NPs as an efficient vehicle for targeted drug delivery in cancer treatment.