bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Successful Fiber Sensing Technologies and Hot Topics for the Near Future
Authors: López-Higuera JM , Cobo A. , Conde Olga , Lomer M. , Madruga F. , Quintela MA , Quintela A. , Mirapeix J.
Published: February 2023

Inside the Photonics field Optical Fiber Sensors (OFS) are currently being used and will still be used in the future in a wide number of applications because its properties present technical advantages over traditional techniques or, sometimes, is practically the only feasible solution. In this paper, the more successful techniques will be reviewed. Then a prospective for the near future of the market and hot topics in which invest research resources will be suggested.
Long Period Fiber Grating Fabricated by Defocused CO2 Laser for Refractive Index Sensing
Authors: Yang Minwei , Wang D. N. , Li Yuhua
Published: February 2023

Long period fiber grating (LPFG) has many applications in optical fiber communications and optical fiber sensors. It can be fabricated by many methods. Recently, an edge written LPFG with large resonant peak loss and apparent asymmetric cladding mode coupling has been produced by focusing the high frequency CO2 laser pulses directly on the fiber cladding surface. Such a LPFG exhibits only a small area of refractive index change on the fiber cladding surface without any physical deformation. In this work, we developed a new LPFG fabrication method by use of defocused CO2 laser pulses, i.e. to move the laser beam focus slightly away from the fiber cladding surface. No apparent physical damage is observed after the LPFG fabrication. With the increase of the moving distance from the fiber cladding surface, the induced average refractive index change in the fiber cladding becomes smaller, which also leads to a decreased polarization dependent loss when compared with the LPFG made by the focused CO2 laser pulses. The LPFG developed in this work also shows a higher sensitivity of the resonant wavelength to the external refractive index around the fiber cladding than that made by use of focused CO2 laser pulses. It is expected that this new type of LPFGs have important applications in refractive index sensors.
Analysis of Mechanical Properties of a Photonic Crystal Fiber Bragg Grating Acousto-Optic Modulator
Authors: de Oliveira Roberson Assis , de Tarso Neves Paulo , Pereira Jucélio Tomaz , de Almeida Prado Pohl Alexandre
Published: February 2023

In this work the mechanical properties of a Photonic Crystal Fiber is achieved using concepts of the rules of mixture of composite materials in order to find the effective area, effective Young’s modulus and the effective density. Results achieved by analytical method are compared to results achieved through a commercial software. Simulation results of acoustic-induced modulation of a Photonic Crystal Fiber Bragg grating obtained using adapted Finite Element and Transfer Matrix Methods is showed. The methodology applied to study the device consists of the achieving of Photonic Crystal Fiber mechanical properties; the strain field in the whole structure is obtained by using the Finite Element Method. Further, the calculated strain field is used on the Transfer Matrix algorithm to obtain the Fiber Bragg Gratings reflected spectrum. The results are compared with conventional Fiber Bragg Gratings Acousto-Optic modulator. Numerical results show that, due to its smaller stiffness, compared to conventional Fiber Bragg Gratings the presence of Photonic Crystal Fiber Bragg Gratings causes an increasing on strain field along the grating when the modulator is excited by particular frequencies. This way, Photonic Crystal Fiber Bragg Gratings can be used in acousto-optic modulators increasing the acousto-optic efficiency and avoiding the need of tapers.
Design and Simulation for Ultra High Soliton Pulse Compression through Photonic Crystal Fiber
Authors: Raja R. Vasantha Jayakantha , Sivabalan S. , Porsezian K.
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we intend to investigate the pulse compression through liquid core photonic crystal fiber (LCPCF) by using both finite element method (FEM) and split step Fourier method (SSFM). In order to achieve ultra high pulse compression, we propose new LCPCF design with very high nonlinearity. By using numerical analysis, we investigate the pulse compression, compression ratio and pedestal energy for different core liquids in LCPCF using a generalised nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE). Finally, we compare the results with different designing parameters of PCF.
Optics in Microstructured and Photonic Crystal Fibers
Authors: Knight J. C.
Published: February 2023

The development of optical fibers with two-dimensional patterns of air holes running down their length has reinvigorated research in the field of fiber optics. It has greatly–and fundamentally–broadened the range of specialty optical fibers, by demonstrating that optical fibers can be more “special” than previously thought. Fibers with air cores have made it possible to deliver energetic femtosecond-scale optical pulses, transform limited, as solitons, using single-mode fiber. Other fibers with anomalous dispersion at visible wavelengths have spawned a new generation of single-mode optical supercontinuum sources, spanning visible and near-infrared wavelengths and based on compact pump sources. A third example is in the field of fiber lasers, where the use of photonic crystal fiber concepts has led to a new hybrid laser technology, in which the very high numerical aperture available sing air holes have enabled fibers so short they are more naturally held straight than bent. This paper describes some of the basic physics and technology behind these developments, illustrated with some of the impressive demonstrations of the past 18 months.
Long-term risk of inflammatory bowel disease after endoscopic biopsy with normal mucosa: A population-based, sibling-controlled cohort study in Sweden
Authors: Sun Jiangwei , Fang Fang , Olén Ola , Song Mingyang , Halfvarson Jonas , Roelstraete Bjorn , Khalili Hamed , Ludvigsson Jonas F.
Published: February 2023

Background

Although evidence suggests a persistently decreased risk of colorectal cancer for up to 10 years among individuals with a negative endoscopic biopsy result (i.e., normal mucosa), concerns have been raised about other long-term health outcomes among these individuals. In this study, we aimed to explore the long-term risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) after an endoscopic biopsy with normal mucosa.

Methods and findings

In the present nationwide cohort study, we identified all individuals in Sweden with a lower or upper gastrointestinal (GI) biopsy of normal mucosa during 1965 to 2016 (exposed, n = 200,495 and 257,192 for lower and upper GI biopsy, respectively), their individually matched population references (n = 989,484 and 1,268,897), and unexposed full siblings (n = 221,179 and 274,529). Flexible parametric model estimated hazard ratio (HR) as an estimate of the association between a GI biopsy of normal mucosa and IBD as well as cumulative incidence of IBD, with 95% confidence interval (CI). The first 6 months after GI biopsy were excluded to avoid detection bias, surveillance bias, or reverse causation. During a median follow-up time of approximately 10 years, 4,853 individuals with a lower GI biopsy of normal mucosa developed IBD (2.4%) compared to 0.4% of the population references. This corresponded to an incidence rate (IR) of 20.39 and 3.39 per 10,000 person-years in the respective groups or 1 extra estimated IBD case among 37 exposed individuals during the 30 years after normal GI biopsy. The exposed individuals had a persistently higher risk of overall IBD (average HR = 5.56; 95% CI: 5.28 to 5.85), ulcerative colitis (UC, average HR = 5.20; 95% CI: 4.85 to 5.59) and Crohn’s disease (CD, average HR = 6.99; 95% CI: 6.38 to 7.66) than their matched population references. In the sibling comparison, average HRs were 3.27 (3.05 to 3.51) for overall IBD, 3.27 (2.96 to 3.61) for UC, and 3.77 (3.34 to 4.26) for CD. For individuals with an upper GI biopsy of normal mucosa, the average HR of CD was 2.93 (2.68 to 3.21) and 2.39 (2.10 to 2.73), compared with population references and unexposed full siblings, respectively. The increased risk of IBD persisted at least 30 years after cohort entry. Study limitations include lack of data on indications for biopsy and potential residual confounding from unmeasured risk or protective factors for IBD.

Conclusions

Endoscopic biopsy with normal mucosa was associated with an elevated IBD incidence for at least 30 years. This may suggest a substantial symptomatic period of IBD and incomplete diagnostic examinations in patients with early IBD.
Nanoparticulate air pollution disrupts proteostasis in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Garcia Manriquez Bailey A. , Papapanagiotou Julia A. , Strysick Claire A. , Green Emily H. , Kikis Elise A.
Published: February 2023

The proteostasis network comprises the biochemical pathways that together maintain and regulate proper protein synthesis, transport, folding, and degradation. Many progressive neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington’s disease (HD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), are characterized by an age-dependent failure of the proteostasis network to sustain the health of the proteome, resulting in protein misfolding, aggregation, and, often, neurotoxicity. Although important advances have been made in recent years to identify genetic risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases, we still know relatively little about environmental risk factors such as air pollution. Exposure to nano-sized particulate air pollution, referred to herein as nanoparticulate matter (nPM), has been shown to trigger the accumulation of misfolded and oligomerized amyloid beta (Aβ) in mice. Likewise, air pollution is known to exacerbate symptoms of AD in people. We asked whether nPM contributes to the misfolded protein load, thereby overwhelming the proteostasis network and triggering proteostasis decline. To address this, we utilized C. elegans that express reporter proteins that are sensitive to changes in the protein folding environment and respond by misfolding and displaying readily scorable phenotypes, such as localized YFP fluorescence or paralysis. We found that nPM exacerbated protein aggregation in body wall muscle cells, increasing the number of large visible protein aggregates, the amount of high molecular weight protein species, and proteotoxicity. Taken together, the data point to nPM negatively impacting proteostasis. Therefore, it seems plausible that nPM exposure may exacerbate symptoms of AD and age-related dementia in a manner that is at least partially dependent on proteostasis decline.
Multidimensional recurrence quantification analysis of human-metronome phasing
Authors: Hall Caitrín , Kim Ji Chul , Paxton Alexandra
Published: February 2023

Perception-action coordination (also known as sensorimotor synchronization, SMS) is often studied by analyzing motor coordination with auditory rhythms. The current study assesses phasing—a compositional technique in which two people tap the same rhythm at varying phases by adjusting tempi—to explore how SMS is impacted by individual and situational factors. After practice trials, participants engaged in the experimental phasing task with a metronome at tempi ranging from 80–140 beats per minute (bpm). Multidimensional recurrence quantification analysis (MdRQA) was used to compare nonlinear dynamics of phasing performance. Varying coupling patterns emerged and were significantly predicted by tempo and linguistic experience. Participants who successfully phased replicated findings from an original case study, demonstrating stable tapping patterns near in-phase and antiphase, while those unsuccessful at phasing showed weaker attraction to in-phase and antiphase.
Vertical integration selection of Chinese pig industry chain under African swine fever - From the perspective of stable pig supply
Authors: Wang Gangyi , Wang Jingjing , Chen Siyu , Zhao Chang´e
Published: February 2023

Vertical integration is conducive to the realization of complementary interests and sustainable development of pig industry. The outbreak of African swine fever (ASF) in 2018 has disrupted many activities along pig industry chain in China. The production capacity of breeding pigs has dropped rapidly, and the supply of pig is tight. The vertical integration of pig industry chain is the main driving force to ensure food supply. Based on the data of 12 listed pig companies from 2012 to 2019, we examine the ways and reasons for vertical integration of pig companies when external shocks increase by taking ASF as an example, breakpoint regression and Tobit model are used to analyze differences and determinants of the forward and backward integration of pig industry chain under ASF. The empirical results showed that the forward integration of the feed processing link and slaughter circulation link is higher than the backward integration. ASF had different effects on the vertical integration degree of each link. ASF promoted forward integration. The main factors have different influences on the vertical integration of pig industry in China. Forward integration increased mainly depending on previous asset specificity, legal system environment, market demand, and transaction frequency. The findings of the study imply that pig industry chain is taking the forward integration to cope with the ASF shock. The combination of feed link and breeding link reduces feed cost and ensures pig supply. Pig companies tend to reduce transaction costs by strengthening the control of downstream supply.
Hawler Medical University students’ perceptions of e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Shabu Sherzad A.
Published: February 2023

Background

Protective measures like social distancing and staying home when possible were imposed by the public health authorities to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Educational institutions which had previously experienced only face-to-face traditional methods of service delivery suffered from huge difficulties in maintaining an effective teaching process. This cross-sectional study investigates the experiences of students of Hawler Medical University (Erbil, Iraqi Kurdistan), exploring their e-learning experience and satisfaction when conventional classroom learning was suspended due to lockdown.

Methods

A self-administered online questionnaire designed on Google Forms was administered from 14 to 31 March 2020. The main section of the questionnaire asked participants to rate their agreement with statements concerning e-learning satisfaction using a five-point Likert scale, with answers ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree.

Results

From an initial 1550 participants, 808 ultimately completed the processual stage. The majority of respondents were female, from the College of Medicine, of urban residence, and of an average economic situation. Three-quarters of the respondents had not participated in any online course before, 27.7% did not have the required electronic devices, 43.3% did not have the sufficient computer skills for the e-learning, and 38% thought that the University did not support the use of the e-learning system. During the processual stage, only 24.4% thought that the internet connection was good and helpful, 14.6% easily attended the online sessions, 35.6% thought that teachers have enough time to answer students’ questions and concerns, and 18% that the teaching materials contributed to the course objectives and overall learning outcome.

Conclusions

Hawler Medical students were not well prepared to engage in the e-learning process. The majority experienced internet access and other technical problems in accessing the online sessions. They did not feel that the e-learning process has contributed to the achievement of course objectives and overall learning outcomes.
Outcome and factors associated with undernutrition among children with congenital heart disease
Authors: Murni Indah K. , Patmasari Linda , Wirawan M. Taufik , Arafuri Nadya , Nurani Neti , Sativa Esta Rossa , Nugroho Sasmito , Noormanto
Published: February 2023

Background

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is associated with high morbidity and mortality, especially among those with undernutrition. Evaluating risk factors associated with undernutrition is important to improve clinical outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the outcome and factors associated with undernutrition among children with CHD.

Material and methods

A prospective cohort study was conducted among children with CHD at Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia during February 2016 to June 2018. Clinical and demographic data were collected at the time of diagnosis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent factors associated with undernutrition using odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Significance was set as p<0.05.

Results

We recruited 1,149 children with CHD, of those, 563 (49%) were underweight, 549 (47.8%) were stunting, and 361 (31.4%) were wasting. In the multivariate analysis, cyanotic CHD, delayed diagnosis, congestive heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, syndrome, young maternal age, history of low birth weight, and being first child were independently associated with undernutrition. Underweight and stunting were significantly associated with increased mortality with OR of 3.54 (95% CI: 1.62–7.74), p<0.001 and OR 3.31 (95% CI: 1.65–6.64), p<0.001, respectively.

Conclusions

About half of the children with CHD were categorized with undernutrition. An increased risk of undernutrition was associated with cyanotic CHD, delayed diagnosis, congestive heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, syndrome, low birth weight, and being first child. Underweight and stunting were significantly associated with increased risk of death.
Methods to extract and study the biological effects of murine gut microbiota using Caenorhabditis elegans as a screening host
Authors: Alonzo-De la Rosa Claudia Miriam , Miard Stéphanie , Taubert Stefan , Picard Frédéric
Published: February 2023

Gut microbiota has been established as a main regulator of health. However, how changes in gut microbiota are directly associated with physiological and cellular alterations has been difficult to tackle on a large-scale basis, notably because of the cost and labor-extensive resources required for rigorous experiments in mammals. In the present study, we used the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism to elucidate microbiota-host interactions. We developed a method to extract gut microbiota (MCB) from murine feces, and tested its potential as food source for and its impact on C. elegans biology compared to the standard bacterial diet Escherichia coli OP50. Although less preferred than OP50, MCB was not avoided but had a lower energy density (triglycerides and glucose). Consistently, MCB-fed worms exhibited smaller body length and size, lower fertility, and lower fat content than OP50-fed worms, but had a longer mean lifespan, which resembles the effects of calorie restriction in mammals. However, these outcomes were altered when bacteria were inactivated, suggesting an important role of symbiosis of MCB beyond nutrient source. Taken together, our findings support the effectiveness of gut MCB processing to test its effects in C. elegans. More work comparing MCB of differently treated mice or humans is required to further validate relevance to mammals before large-scale screening assays.
Developed network between taxoid and phenylpropanoid pathways in Cryptosporiopsis tarraconensis, taxan-producing endophytic fungus by Debiased Sparse Partial Correlation (DSPC) algorithm
Authors: Mohammadi Ballakuti Narjes , Ghanati Faezeh
Published: February 2023

Although bioproduction of Paclitaxel by endophytic fungi is highly considered as an alternative promising source, but its yield is usually very low in comparison with other taxoids. Different strategies i.e., chemical and physical elicitations have been developed in order to overcome the shortage of Paclitaxel production. Paclitaxel biosynthesis is started with terpenoid pathway followed by phenylpropanoid metabolism where a benzoylphenylisoserine moiety is attached to C13 of baccatin III skeleton. This point which is catalyzed by the function of PAM seems to be a bottleneck that limits the rate of Paclitaxel production. Whether phenylpropanoids pathway regulates the taxanes biosynthesis in Cryptosporiopsis tarraconensis endophytic fungus elicited with benzoic acid (BA) was hypothesized in the present paper. The involvement of certain signal molecules and key enzymes of terpenoid and phenylpropanoid metabolism were investigated. According to the results, application of BA promoted a signaling pathway which was started with increase of H2O2 and ABA and continued by increase of NO and MJ, and finally resulted in increase of both phenylpropanoids and taxanes. However, again the rate of Paclitaxel production was lower than other taxoids, and the latter was much lower than phenolics. Therefore, supplying benzoic acid provided the precursor for the common taxan ring production. It is unlikely that Paclitaxel production is merely controlled by side chain production stage. It is more likely that in C. tarraconensis endophytic fungus, similar to Taxus sp., the competition between phenylpropanoid and taxoid pathways for substrate ended in favor of the former. The interaction network which was constructed based on DSPC algorithm confirmed that most compounds with close proximity have shared metabolic pathway relationships. Therefore, it is unlikely that the feeding with a given precursor directly result in increase of a desired metabolite which is composed of different merits.
Deep learning for the diagnosis of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Sakashita Kyoya , Akiyama Yukinori , Hirano Tsukasa , Sasagawa Ayaka , Arihara Masayasu , Kuribara Tomoyoshi , Ochi Satoko , Enatsu Rei , Mikami Takeshi , Mikuni Nobuhiro
Published: February 2023

Objective

This study aimed to enable the automatic detection of the hippocampus and diagnose mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) with the hippocampus as the epileptogenic area using artificial intelligence (AI). We compared the diagnostic accuracies of AI and neurosurgical physicians for MTLE with the hippocampus as the epileptogenic area.

Method

In this study, we used an AI program to diagnose MTLE. The image sets were processed using a code written in Python 3.7.4. and analyzed using Open Computer Vision 4.5.1. The deep learning model, which was a fine-tuned VGG16 model, consisted of several layers. The diagnostic accuracies of AI and board-certified neurosurgeons were compared.

Results

AI detected the hippocampi automatically and diagnosed MTLE with the hippocampus as the epileptogenic area on both T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images. The diagnostic accuracies of AI based on T2WI and FLAIR data were 99% and 89%, respectively, and those of neurosurgeons based on T2WI and FLAIR data were 94% and 95%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of AI was statistically higher than that of board-certified neurosurgeons based on T2WI data (p = 0.00129).

Conclusion

The deep learning-based AI program is highly accurate and can diagnose MTLE better than some board-certified neurosurgeons. AI can maintain a certain level of output accuracy and can be a reliable assistant to doctors.
Salivary gland LAMP3 mRNA expression is a possible predictive marker in the response to hydroxychloroquine in Sjögren’s disease
Authors: Nakamura Hiroyuki , Tanaka Tsutomu , Ji Youngmi , Zheng Changyu , Afione Sandra A. , Warner Blake M. , Oliveira Fabiola Reis , Motta Ana Carolina F. , Rocha Eduardo M. , Noguchi Masayuki , Atsumi Tatsuya , Chiorini John A.
Published: February 2023

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a lysosomotropic agent that is commonly used for treating Sjögren’s disease (SjD). However, its efficacy is controversial because of the divergent response to the drug among patients. In a subgroup of SjD patients, lysosome-associated membrane protein 3 (LAMP3) is elevated in expression in the salivary glands and promotes lysosomal dysregulation and lysosome-dependent apoptotic cell death. In this study, chloroquine (CQ) and its derivative HCQ were tested for their ability to prevent LAMP3-induced apoptosis, in vitro and on a mouse model of SjD. In addition, efficacy of HCQ treatment was retrospectively compared between high LAMP3 mRNA expression in minor salivary glands and those with LAMP3 mRNA levels comparable with healthy controls. Study results show that CQ treatment stabilized the lysosomal membrane in LAMP3-overexpressing cells via deactivation of cathepsin B, resulting in decreased apoptotic cell death. In mice with established SjD-like phenotype, HCQ treatment also significantly decreased apoptotic cell death and ameliorated salivary gland hypofunction. Retrospective analysis of SjD patients found that HCQ tended to be more effective in improving disease activity index, symptom severity and hypergammaglobulinemia in patients with high LAMP3 expression compared those with normal LAMP3 expression. Taken together, these findings suggested that by determining salivary gland LAMP3 mRNA level, a patient’s response to HCQ treatment could be predicted. This finding may provide a novel strategy for guiding the development of more personalized medicine for SjD.
Architecture and matrix assembly determinants of Bordetella pertussis biofilms on primary human airway epithelium
Authors: Fullen Audra R. , Gutierrez-Ferman Jessica L. , Rayner Rachael E. , Kim Sun Hee , Chen Phylip , Dubey Purnima , Wozniak Daniel J. , Peeples Mark E. , Cormet-Boyaka Estelle , Deora Rajendar
Published: February 2023

Traditionally, whooping cough or pertussis caused by the obligate human pathogen Bordetella pertussis (Bp) is described as an acute disease with severe symptoms. However, many individuals who contract pertussis are either asymptomatic or show very mild symptoms and yet can serve as carriers and sources of bacterial transmission. Biofilms are an important survival mechanism for bacteria in human infections and disease. However, bacterial determinants that drive biofilm formation in humans are ill-defined. In the current study, we show that Bp infection of well-differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial cells leads to formation of bacterial aggregates, clusters, and highly structured biofilms which are colocalized with cilia. These findings mimic observations from pathological analyses of tissues from pertussis patients. Distinct arrangements (mono-, bi-, and tri-partite) of the polysaccharide Bps, extracellular DNA, and bacterial cells were visualized, suggesting complex heterogeneity in bacteria-matrix interactions. Analyses of mutant biofilms revealed positive roles in matrix production, cell cluster formation, and biofilm maturity for three critical Bp virulence factors: Bps, filamentous hemagglutinin, and adenylate cyclase toxin. Adherence assays identified Bps as a new Bp adhesin for primary human airway cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate the multi-factorial nature of the biofilm extracellular matrix and biofilm development process under conditions mimicking the human respiratory tract and highlight the importance of model systems resembling the natural host environment to investigate pathogenesis and potential therapeutic strategies.
Commodifying adolescence for performance and profit: Language and gender in Japanese idol music
Authors: Dahlberg-Dodd Hannah E.
Published: February 2023

Japanese pop idols occupy an ambiguous position in the broader popular music landscape, straddling a line between fiction and non-fiction, simultaneously characterological yet physically instantiated. As idealized representations of the girl or boy next door, idols serve as both ‘image characters’ who can be used to sell a variety of products, as well as ‘quasi companions’ meant to provide fans with a manufactured sense of intimacy. Using a joint quantitative and qualitative approach, this article analyses the lyrics of female idol groups. Specifically, I demonstrate how the combination of first- and second-person pronouns and sentence-final expressions are utilized to construct both female-coded and male-coded gendered personae, revealing that idol lyrics engage in the process of cross-gender performance. As a result, through their performance of these personae, female idol groups explicitly reinforce a binary imagination of normative gender expressions, allowing such idol groups to capitalize on idealized heterosexual adolescence through affective resonance and nostalgia.
The hirahira aesthetics of wrinkled skin: Notes on an ageing dancer in the contemporary ballet world
Authors: Suganuma Katsuhiko
Published: February 2023

This article interprets the skin of an ageing ballerina as costume in the contemporary ballet world in which ageism is predominant. By analysing relatively recent performances and commentaries, in addition to discourses surrounding Yoko Morishita, the 74-year-old prima ballerina with The Matsuyama Ballet, the article discusses the ways in which this woman’s virtuosity sheds new light on the subjectivity of an older dancer on the stage. Drawing on Masuko Honda’s work on girlhood, and also on critical literature from fairy-tale studies, dance studies and queer studies, the article argues that Morishita embodies her naturally aged skin not to further demarcate but in fact to confound the established boundaries between younger and older women in the ballet world. The interpretation that follows of Morishita’s artistry in classical ballet confirms that we must consider the meaning of skin and its relationship to garments when conducting any intersectional analysis of fairy tales and ballet performances. This article thus also is a response to recent calls for artworks and interpretations to voice more diverse forms of subjectivity for old women in the narrative arc of fairy tales. When other older ballerinas begin, like Morishita, to dance princess protagonist roles as a matter of course on the stages of professional ballet companies, the stories to be told about womanhood and femininity will no longer remain simply in the purview of normative gender constructions and associated age discourses.
Características de refugios naturales usados por murciélagos en un bosque húmedo tropical (Santander, Colombia)
Authors: Rodríguez-Jiménez Darly , Pérez-Torres Jairo , Torres-Palacios Catalina
Published: February 2023

Conocer qué variables influencian el uso de refugios naturales por parte de los murciélagos permite analizar las exigencias fisiológicas que limitan su permanencia en un lugar determinado. En este estudio se evaluaron variables bióticas y abióticas con relación a la presencia de murciélagos en refugios naturales de un bosque húmedo tropical (Santander, Colombia) en enero de 2020. Se localizaron y describieron los refugios naturales (con presencia de murciélagos) y un grupo control (refugios sin presencia de murciélagos) tanto en zonas de bosque como en zonas de pastizal. Se registró la temperatura y humedad relativa y se compararon como medidas apareadas entre refugios activos y controles. Se calculó el índice de heterogeneidad (diferencia en la fisionomía dado la diversidad de plantas) y el índice de complejidad vegetal (grado de estratificación de la formación vegetal) mediante un análisis de componentes principales (PCA). Entre los refugios activos y los controles se encontraron diferencias significativas en la temperatura (t= 20,32, n= 287, g.l.= 286, p< 0,001 en pastizal; t= -7,44, n= 287, g.l.= 286, p< 0,001 en bosque) y la humedad relativa (t= 7,458, n= 287, g.l.= 286, p< 0,001 en pastizal; t= -15,63, n= 287, g.l.= 286, p< 0,001 en bosque). El índice de heterogeneidad de los refugios (3,028) fue mayor en comparación a los controles (2,737). La complejidad de los refugios usados (0,127) fue mayor en comparación a los controles (-0,54). La disimilitud en las variables entre los refugios y los controles demuestran un uso diferenciado de los sitios de descanso disponibles.
Recognition of English speech – using a deep learning algorithm
Authors: Wang Shuyan
Published: February 2023

The accurate recognition of speech is beneficial to the fields of machine translation and intelligent human–computer interaction. After briefly introducing speech recognition algorithms, this study proposed to recognize speech with a recurrent neural network (RNN) and adopted the connectionist temporal classification (CTC) algorithm to align input speech sequences and output text sequences forcibly. Simulation experiments compared the RNN-CTC algorithm with the Gaussian mixture model–hidden Markov model and convolutional neural network-CTC algorithms. The results demonstrated that the more training samples the speech recognition algorithm had, the higher the recognition accuracy of the trained algorithm was, but the training time consumption increased gradually; the more samples a trained speech recognition algorithm had to test, the lower the recognition accuracy and the longer the testing time. The proposed RNN-CTC speech recognition algorithm always had the highest accuracy and the lowest training and testing time among the three algorithms when the number of training and testing samples was the same.
Crystal structure of poly[diaqua-bis(μ
2-1,4-diaminobutane-N:N′)cobalt(II)] dichloride, C8H28Cl2CoN4O2
Authors: Jiehye Shin , Jaeun Kang , Do Junghwan
Published: February 2023

C8H28Cl2CoN4O2, orthorhombic, Fddd (no. 70), a = 10.116(2) Å, b = 13.532(3) Å, c = 23.507(5) Å, V = 3217.8(11) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0361, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1069, T = 100.5 K.
The crystal structure of 1-(2-chlorobenzyl)-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)urea, C14H11Cl3N2O
Authors: Li Yingju , Yang Zhimao
Published: February 2023

C14H11Cl3N2O, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 8.3600(4) Å, b = 12.0085(8) Å, c = 14.3665(6) Å, V = 1442.27(13) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0460, wRref
(F
2) = 0.0944, T = 293 K.
The Chinese Debt Trap Diplomacy Narrative: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Liu Kerry
Published: February 2023

China’s debt trap diplomacy has been debated among academia, think tanks, and the policymaking community. Unlike previous research, which mainly focuses on China’s lending practice and strategic intentions, this study looks at the measurement of this narrative and its relations with the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the China threat narratives. In particular, based on Google Trends search results from 1 February 2018 to 7 November 2021, this study creatively created weekly time series data to measure the narratives. Based on an autoregressive distributed lag model, this study finds that the BRI narrative and the China threat narrative make significant contributions to the debt trap diplomacy narrative. Results based on sub-datasets show that these significant relations are mainly driven by the English-speaking Indian public and that these relations are insignificant in the United States. This study contributes to the literature on China’s debt trap diplomacy by bringing solid empirical evidence and to academia as well in methods by presenting a (still) new quantitative approach to international relations.
Nondomination and the ambitions of employment law
Authors: Bagchi Aditi
Published: February 2023

There is something missing in existing discussions of domination. While republican theory, antisubordination theory, and critical legal theory each have contributed significantly to our understanding of domination, their focus on structural relationships and group subordination can leave out of focus the individual wrongs that make up domination, each of which is an unjustified exercise of power by one person over another. Private law (supported by private law theory) plays an important role in filling out our pictures of domination and the role of the state in limiting it. Private law allows us to recognize domination in wrongs by one person against another, and it has the potential to articulate the state-enforced boundaries on domination as well as a framework for thinking through inevitable compromises between the aspiration to nondomination and other basic interests of a liberal state. We can understand employment law as continuous with private law, that is, attempting to vindicate a nondomination principle in the context of employment by regulating specific acts of employers. Alternatively, we might understand employment relationships to define group membership, commonly recognized along class lines. In that case, employment law is not about individual nondomination but about mitigating class subordination. It might do this in service of the antisubordination principle, or in order to ensure that employees are capable and ready to exercise the responsibilities of democratic citizenship. While these various purposes largely coincide, there are points of normative divergence which sometimes require that we prioritize one or other function of employment law over the others.
Relational and associational justice in work
Authors: Collins Hugh
Published: February 2023

This Article explores the idea that the moral standards of relational or interpersonal justice can be used to lay the foundations for a theory of justice in work, rather than relying on principles of justice developed for society as a whole in philosophical theories of distributive justice. It is argued that a rich and distinctive scheme of interpersonal justice can be developed by using a method of internal critique and by focusing on two distinctive features of contracts of employment. Because they are incomplete by design, like other relational contracts, contracts of employment depend for their success on a broad obligation of performance in good faith. Contracts of employment also usually function within organizations which provide the source of customary norms of associational justice that govern relations between members of the firm. These principles of associational justice include rewards based on desert, a strong egalitarian principle, protection from unjustified exclusion, and a right to have a voice in the affairs and the direction of the organization.
The classical liberal version of labor law: Beware of coercion dressed up as liberty
Authors: Epstein Richard A.
Published: February 2023

In this Article, I contest on both theoretical and empirical grounds the progressive agenda, as represented by Hanoch Dagan, that seeks to advance the unionization movement in the name of individual autonomy and property. Theoretically, the Article shows that the common-law account of autonomy, which stresses freedom of action from external constraints involving the use or threat of force, provides the best analytical framework, one that undermines the modern progressive case for collective bargaining by workers. The negative account of autonomy applies to all persons; its correlative duties are simple. It applies regardless of the overall level or distribution of wealth. It is scalable from small to large societies. And it forces employers to respect the full range of material and psychological needs in order to recruit and retain their workers.

In contrast, the modern progressive alternative imposes no clear correlative duties on employers. It has no obvious way to constrain the dominance of union forces. And its commands are sufficiently complex that they are often not understood by the workers whom they are intended to protect.

Empirically, this Article shows that the institutional rigidity of union structures in dynamic markets fails; and it rejects the claim that individual workers are wedded to their current employer, given competitive forces that allow for rapid entry and exit. Given the long-term systematic advantages of the classical liberal model, it is no surprise that unions are generally in decline in major industrial societies.
Good faith in employment
Authors: Tsuruda Sabine
Published: February 2023

This Article argues that the duty of good faith in contractual performance offers powerful but neglected resources to empower workers to pursue their legitimate interests and resist mistreatment by employers. The duty of good faith creates a joint authority structure within contractual relationships, vesting co-contractors with equal and joint authority over the meaning, purposes, and, hence, the requirements of their contract. Implementing such an authority structure requires ensuring that the parties to a contract have the communicative space and epistemic resources they need to uncover and develop a common understanding of their contract. In the context of employment, such an authority structure would be transformative. It would require legal recognition of a variety of employee speech rights and protection from termination for reasonable and good faith refusals to perform work, and would offer a legal basis to challenge the scope and enforceability of at-will employment clauses. The duty of good faith could thus supply a common law foundation for rights and obligations commonly associated with labor law.
“Um homem pobre como eu não deve amar”
Authors: Bomfim e Silva Matheus
Published: February 2023

Nas discussões sobre música durante a ditadura militar apenas um grupo de artistas é priorizado: a famosa MPB. Isto ocorre em detrimento de outros artistas, como os chamados “cafonas”, destratados pela crítica musical da época e esquecidos ou lidos como alienados e/ou sem relevância pela historiografia sobre a ditadura militar. Contudo, com a análise de algumas canções gravadas por Waldick Soriano e Fernando Mendes, percebemos que questões envolvendo desigualdade social eram abordadas por esse segmento menos priorizado, fazendo sucesso entre a camada pauperizada do país, sendo seus artistas também oriundos dela. Tais artistas cantaram como as desigualdades sociais se entrelaçam com os sentimentos afetivos.
As imagens da ditadura civil-militar brasileira
Authors: Dutra de Freitas Isadora
Published: February 2023

A ditadura civil-militar brasileira (1964-1985) investiu intensamente em instituições responsáveis pela produção de sua autoimagem oficial. A sistematização da propaganda por meio de veículos de comunicação colaborou com a produção de representações otimistas sobre o regime ditatorial. Nesse sentido, a Agência Nacional atuou como o principal órgão de informação do governo. Esse artigo, que compõe uma breve síntese da pesquisa realizada no mestrado, tem como objetivo central analisar a representação oficial da ditadura nos cinejornais da Agência Nacional, produzidos entre 1964-1979. Buscamos identificar os meandros do discurso político e da visualidade que compôs essas mídias. Silenciando questões polêmicas ao Estado ditatorial, elaboraram-se representações alinhadas ao projeto autoritário, sobretudo, exaltando o projeto desenvolvimentista.
“Deus, Pátria e Família”
Authors: Henrique Silva Fernandes Caio , Cristiane Machado Joice
Published: February 2023

O artigo apresenta as experiências vivenciadas durante o estágio supervisionado de História, realizado de forma remota - devido à pandemia de COVID 19 - com as turmas do 2º ano do Ensino Médio do Colégio de Aplicação da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina no ano letivo de 2021. O objetivo é contribuir para a discussão acerca do ensino de História e o conteúdo histórico escolar a respeito da ascensão dos fascismos no Brasil na década de 1930 e no tempo presente, considerando principalmente a atuação e influência da Ação Integralista Brasileira (AIB). Para tanto, utilizamos as ações, observações e investigações realizadas no período do estágio, assim como os planejamentos e materiais didáticos desenvolvidos.
A propósito da ciência de Polícia ou da Polizeiwissenschaf
Authors: Campos Ferreira Pâmela
Published: February 2023

No presente artigo faremos alguns apontamentos que buscam dar conta das linhagens do paradigma do Estado de Polícia, que em meados dos séculos XVI, XVII e XVIII se estruturou em monarquias europeias. Neste sentido, refletiremos acerca da das origens do termo police, bem como dos modelos que teriam influenciado a tratadística da ciência de polícia, tais como a pastoral, a economia como modelo de Antigo Regime, e as influências do direito comum. Será abordado também uma das principais obras em matéria de polícia, o Traitè de la Police de Nicolas Delamare. Trataremos, assim, da genealogia da polizeiwissenschaft, engendradora de uma nova “arte de governar”.
Escrever para fugir da morte
Authors: Lima Schualtz Juliano
Published: February 2023

Este artigo pretende problematizar o escritor brasileiro contemporâneo Evandro Affonso Ferreira (1945-). Em dois momentos, primeiramente a sua trajetória inicial, chamada a vida palavra e o papel da escrita. Posteriormente, a sua segunda fase de produção literária, nomeada de morte homem compondo a sua trilogia do desespero. Constituída pelos livros; Minha mãe se matou sem dizer adeus (2010), O mendigo que sabia de cor os adágios de Erasmo de Rotterdam (2012) e Os piores dias de minha vida foram todos (2014). Analisarei nos três romances as sensibilidades do tempo presente, especificamente o luto, a morte e a precariedade. Para tanto, farei uma investigação de corte interdisciplinar.
“Todos os domingos eles se encontravam, toda a ‘portuguesada'"
Authors: Ebert de Oliveira Luiza
Published: February 2023

Este artigo visa identificar do que se constituem as camadas de memória deixadas pela imigração portuguesa em Caxias do Sul/RS entre as décadas de 1910 a 1950. Problematiza-se que há uma narrativa consolidada na cidade que parte do ponto de vista dos imigrantes italianos e seus descendentes, sem dar muita atenção para os demais grupos que participaram na formação da cidade. A presença portuguesa é evidenciada neste artigo através de jornais e entrevistas, com vistas a mapear práticas culturais e sociabilidades do grupo. Considera-se que a memória tem uma função decisiva na existência e interfere nas representações no presente.
Ensino de História e internet
Authors: Azevedo da Silva Larissa
Published: February 2023

O Livro Ensino de História e Internet: Aprendizagens conectadas, organizado pelos professores Dr. Osvaldo Rodrigues Junior2e Dr. Marcelo Fronza,3 onde professores da área de ensino de História compartilham suas pesquisas desenvolvidas no contexto da educação básica e superior no Brasil, Colômbia, Portugal e Costa Rica. O livro trabalha e possui a pretensão de discorrer sobre o universo da internet e sua conexão com o ensino de História, conexão não apenas como conceito de ligação mas também como jargão usado por usuários das mídias digitais para tratar do login nas redes; a entrada na internet, com a democratização do uso da internet e das redes sociais e o uso pelos estudantes em idade escolar, infere diretamente dentro das salas de aula e os autores apresentam o uso da internet dentro do ambiente escolar, pensando nos aspectos negativos e positivos da mesma.