bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploration of the Effects of Nanoscale Surface Morphology Variations on Onset of Bubble Nucleation in Water Droplets Impinging and Boiling on Nanostructured Surfaces
Authors: Silva Anisa D. , Carey Van P.
Published: September 2024

Nanostructured hydrophilic surfaces can enhance boiling processes due to the liquid wicking effect of the small surface structures, but consistently uniform nanoscale interstitial spaces would provide very few heterogeneous nucleation sites, which would require high superheat to activate in, for example, liquid water. Experiments indicate that surfaces of this type initiate onset of nucleate boiling at relatively low superheat levels, implying that larger-than-average interstitial spaces exist, apparently as a consequence of larger micron-scale variations of the surface structure or surface chemistry (wetting) resulting from the fabrication process. The investigation summarized here explores the potential correlation between nanostructured surface morphology variations and onset of nucleation. A zinc oxide nanostructured coating was fabricated on a copper substrate for experiments and analysis in this study. The coated surface was subjected to water droplet deposition tests to evaluate wicking and contact angle, followed by vaporization tests at varying surface superheat levels, and extensive electron microscopy imaging of the surface. The results of the vaporization experiments determined the variation of mean heat flux to the droplet as a function of superheat, and high-speed videos documented the superheat at which onset of nucleate boiling (ONB) occurs and variation of nucleation site density with superheat. Image analysis of the electron microscopy images were used to assess the variability of pore size and surface complexity (entropy) over the surface. By determining macroscope bubble nucleation and boiling performance from measured data and high-speed video records for these surfaces, and simultaneously analyzing the morphology of that surface at the micro/nano scale, our data demonstrates the correlation between surface morphology variations and ONB and nucleate boiling active site density. Specifically, our results indicate that increased irregularities in the surface morphology correspond to enhanced probability of nucleation onset and an increase in active nucleation site density as superheat increases. Our data indicates the range of irregularity number density values (number per square millimeter) and the imperfection features that give rise to consistent low superheat ONB (∼ 15°C), leads to a robust increase in active site density during nucleate boiling as super heat increases. This information can help guide development of enhanced boiling surfaces by providing insight into the frequency of nanosurface morphology variations, per square millimeter, that enhance nucleation onset while also providing enhanced wicking and low contact angle over most of the surface. The implication of these results for design of different types of enhanced boiling surfaces is also discussed.
Analysis of Building Cooling System’s Load Under the Effect of the Phase Change Material-Based Thermal Energy Storage System
Authors: McKenna Stuart , Clark Peyton , Omiddezyani Soheil , Shah Krishna , Samadi Forooza
Published: September 2024

Phase change material (PCM) based cooling load reduction analysis commonly incorporates thermal energy storage (TES) on the building interior. Such systems are constrained by the limited overlap in suitable exterior temperatures for TES recharging with acceptable indoor comfort temperatures. In the current paper, this constraint is removed by moving the TES to the exterior and optimizing the TES system design for a certain climate, including PCM size and operating temperature window. The goal of this optimization will be reducing the ambient air temperature before the condensing heat exchanger in typical HVAC equipment for cooling applications to improve its coefficient of performance (COP) and minimize the annual cost. Utilization of organic fatty acid mixtures as the PCM will allow for selecting a solidification temperature appropriate to a given climate. This analysis attempts to minimize the annual cost of cooling structures by appropriately sizing TES systems with suitable eutectic or near-eutectic mixtures of fatty acids for a given climate. For a targeted climate, by analyzing the solidification temperature of a fatty acid mixture and the temperature at which the TES cools the ambient air, energy usage is reduced at times of peak cooling demands to optimize the efficiency of the combined TES and HVAC system and maximize energy cost savings.
Numerical Heat Transfer Analysis of NACA Pin-Fin Thickness
Authors: Fogel Rutledge , Ekkad Srinath V.
Published: September 2024

Energy efficiency and performance are priorities for modern gas turbine engines. The increasing demand for energy efficiency and higher performance has driven the development of cooling technologies within gas turbine engines. This new demand has increased the constraints for performance on cooling technology within the hot section of gas-turbine engines. Pin-fin arrays are an important component of cooling technology within gas turbine blades. NACA airfoil-shaped pin-fins have been shown to have a high thermal performance balancing the need for heat transfer performance and low-pressure ratios. To find an efficient pin-fin shape to increase the heat transfer characteristics and lower flow resistance, several rectangular channels with NACA airfoil pin-fin shapes in a staggered array were numerically tested and compared using ANSYS Fluent 22.2. The NACA pin-fin shape was tested with varying diameter. Channel Reynolds number will be varied from 10000 to 15000, and 20000. The spanwise spacing ratio (S/D) was maintained at a constant value of 3. The initial streamwise spacing (X/D) was also set to a value of 4 while the streamwise spacing (X/Lpin) was set to 1.333. The width and length of the rectangular channel were also normalized with the diameter and total length of the NACA pin-fin. The width of the channel (W/D) varies with the thickness (D) of the NACA pin-fin. The length of the channel (Ltest/Ltotal) also varies with the total length of the pin-fin (Ltotal). Results show significant improvement with larger diameter airfoil shapes for heat transfer but also increased overall pressure drop in the channel.
Improvement of a Low-Cost Apparatus for Measuring Thermal Conductivities of Solids at Steady-State
Authors: Bunt Brandon , Wright Kamau , Davis Benjamin
Published: September 2024

The present work improves upon an instrumented rig developed at relatively low cost as part of a previously published study [1] to measure thermal conductivity of metal samples like brass and aluminum. The materials tested as part of the present work are copper, aluminum, brass, alumina ceramic, and stainless steel. Literature k-values for these materials range two orders of magnitude (from 398 Wm−1K−1 for copper down to 14.9 Wm−1K−1 for stainless). The linear heat conduction module (LHCM) used in this study approximates one dimensional heat transfer through a stack of cylindrical metals of known thermal conductivities having a sample of unknown conductivity placed in between them at the midsection of the stack. By maintaining an isothermal boundary layer on the bottom of the LHCM and applying a constant heat flux through an electrical resistance heater at the top, a temperature difference is maintained and measured along the sample at steady state allowing for the use of Fourier’s Law to estimate the sample’s thermal conductivity. The present LHCM addresses issues with the initial rig such as large radial heat losses, fluctuations in boundary conditions, and large uncertainties in measurements which prevented determination of thermal conductivities outside of a narrow range.
Measuring Thermal Conductivity of Mycelium-Based Thermal Insulation Materials Produced With Locally Available Organic Waste Products As Substrate
Authors: Bunt Brandon , Wright Kamau , Davis Benjamin
Published: September 2024

Current steady-state methods have long test-times than transient methods and are often not suitable for low-k materials due to heat applied through the sample material being lost to the surrounding environment instead of traveling through the sample. Here, a low-cost design seeks to demonstrate measurement of the thermal conductivity of mycomaterial samples accurate within 10% using steady-state methods. This design is different from but inspired by the “hot-wire” and conductive disks approaches, and closely resembles a coaxial cylinders approach used for thermal properties assessment of molten salts. [1]
Comparing human and machine speech recognition in noise with QuickSIN
Authors: Slaney Malcolm , Fitzgerald Matthew B.
Published: September 2024

A test is proposed to characterize the performance of speech recognition systems. The QuickSIN test is used by audiologists to measure the ability of humans to recognize continuous speech in noise. This test yields the signal-to-noise ratio at which individuals can correctly recognize 50% of the keywords in low-context sentences. It is argued that a metric for automatic speech recognizers will ground the performance of automatic speech-in-noise recognizers to human abilities. Here, it is demonstrated that the performance of modern recognizers, built using millions of hours of unsupervised training data, is anywhere from normal to mildly impaired in noise compared to human participants.
Loss of Gre factors leads to phenotypic heterogeneity and cheating in
Escherichia coli
populations under nitric oxide stress
Authors: Sivaloganathan Darshan M. , Wan Xuanqing , Leon Gabrielle , Brynildsen Mark P.
Published: September 2024

Nitric oxide (·NO) is one of the toxic metabolites that bacteria can be exposed to within phagosomes. Gre factors, which are also known as transcript cleavage factors or transcription elongation factors, relieve back-tracked transcription elongation complexes by cleaving nascent RNAs, which allows transcription to resume after stalling. Here we discovered that loss of both Gre factors in
Escherichia coli
, GreA and GreB, significantly compromised ·NO detoxification due to ·NO-induced phenotypic heterogeneity in Δ
greA
Δ
greB
populations, which did not occur in wild-type cultures. Under normal culturing conditions, both wild-type and Δ
greA
Δ
greB
synthesized transcripts uniformly, whereas treatment with ·NO led to bimodal transcript levels in Δ
greA
Δ
greB
that were unimodal in wild-type. Interestingly, exposure to another toxic metabolite of phagosomes, hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
), produced analogous results. Furthermore, we showed that loss of Gre factors led to cheating under ·NO stress where transcriptionally deficient cells benefited from the detoxification activities of the transcriptionally proficient subpopulation. Collectively, these results show that loss of Gre factor activities produces phenotypic heterogeneity under ·NO and H
2
O
2
stress that can yield cheating between subpopulations.

IMPORTANCE

Toxic metabolite stress occurs in a broad range of contexts that are important to human health, microbial ecology, and biotechnology, whereas Gre factors are highly conserved throughout the bacterial kingdom. Here we discovered that loss of Gre factors in
E. coli
leads to phenotypic heterogeneity under ·NO and H
2
O
2
stress, which we further show with ·NO results in cheating between subpopulations. Collectively, these data suggest that Gre factors play a role in coping with toxic metabolite stress, and that loss of Gre factors can produce cheating between neighbors.
Efflux pumps mediate changes to fundamental bacterial physiology via membrane potential
Authors: Whittle Emily E. , Orababa Oluwatosin , Osgerby Alexander , Siasat Pauline , Element Sarah J. , Blair Jessica M. A. , Overton Tim W.
Published: September 2024

Efflux pumps are well known to be an important mechanism for removing noxious substances such as antibiotics from bacteria. Given that many antibiotics function by accumulating inside bacteria, efflux pumps contribute to resistance. Efflux pump inactivation is a potential strategy to combat antimicrobial resistance, as bacteria would not be able to pump out antibiotics. We recently discovered that the impact of loss of efflux function is only apparent in actively growing cells. We demonstrated that the global transcriptome of
Salmonella
Typhimurium is drastically altered during slower growth leading to stationary-phase cells having a remodeled, less permeable envelope that prevents antibiotics entering the cell. Here, we investigated the effects of deleting the major efflux pump of
Salmonella
Typhimurium, AcrB, on global gene transcription across growth. We revealed that an
acrB
knockout entered stationary phase later than the wild-type strain SL1344 and displayed increased and prolonged expression of genes responsible for anaerobic energy metabolism. We devised a model linking efflux and membrane potential, whereby deactivation of AcrB prevents influx of protons across the inner membrane and thereby hyperpolarization. Knockout or deactivation of AcrB was demonstrated to increase membrane potential. We propose that the global transcription regulator ArcBA senses changes to the redox state of the quinol pool (linked to the membrane potential of the bacterium) and coordinates the shift from exponential to stationary phase via the key master regulators RpoS, Rsd, and Rmf. Inactivation of efflux pumps therefore influences the fundamental physiology of
Salmonella
, with likely impacts on multiple phenotypes.

IMPORTANCE

We demonstrate for the first time that deactivation of efflux pumps brings about changes to gross bacterial physiology and metabolism. Rather than simply being a response to noxious substances, efflux pumps appear to play a key role in maintenance of membrane potential and thereby energy metabolism. This discovery suggests that efflux pump inhibition or inactivation might have unforeseen positive consequences on antibiotic activity. Given that stationary-phase bacteria are more resistant to antibiotic uptake, late entry into stationary phase would prolong antibiotic accumulation by bacteria. Furthermore, membrane hyperpolarization could result in increased generation of reactive species proposed to be important for the activity of some antibiotics. Finally, changes in gross physiology could also explain the decreased virulence of efflux mutants.
Increase in the Resolution of Hard X-Ray Phase-Contrast Imaging in a Device Based on a Triple Laue-Case Interferometer
Authors: Haroutunyan L. A.
Published: September 2024

The possibility of increasing the resolution of X-ray phase-contrast imaging with a device based on a triple Laue-case interferometer is considered. To address one of the drawbacks of this scheme—the distortion of the interference pattern during diffraction of the object wave on the interferometer analyzer—it is proposed to replace the analyzer with two crystalline blocks of equal thickness. These blocks act as a diffraction lens, suppressing the mentioned distortions. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the low coherence of the initial radiation increases the quality of phase-contrast imaging using this method.
Fabrication, photovoltaic analysis, and electrical characterization of Au/ZnTPyP/p-Si/Ag heterojunction under gamma radiation effect for solar cell applications
Authors: Elesh E. , Abul-Nasr Kareem T. , Damhogi D. G. El-
Published: September 2024

The main objective of the current study is to investigate the impact of gamma rays on the characteristics and behavior of a fabricated heterojunction device based on tetra pyridyl-porphine zinc (ZnTPyP). The importance of this study includes determining critical parameters such as conversion efficiency (η). A cobalt-60 gamma source has been employed to investigate the effects of gamma exposure dosages ranging from 0 to 5 kGy on the morphological and optical features of the studied material. An atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to examine the morphological characteristics of the ZnTPyP film that formed on the glass substrate. The thin film’s optical characteristics were investigated on quartz for both as-deposited and irradiated films at various gamma doses (1 kGy and 3 kGy). Additionally, ZnTPyP is evaporated on p-type silicon substrates to create ZnTPyP/p-Si heterojunction. The current–voltage (I–V) curves at various doses of gamma radiation at 0, 1, 3, and 5 kGy for Au/ ZnTPyP /p-Si/Ag heterojunction device are experimentally measured. The predominant conduction processes are the thermionic emission and single-trap space-charge-limited current (SCLC). Furthermore, the values of the barrier height $$\left( {\varphi_{B} } \right)$$

φ
B

are estimated using two different methods, including I–V method and Norde’s equations at different doses, and their values are comparable. Under illumination at 0 kGy, we found the values of short-circuit current (Isc), open-circuit voltage (Voc), and photoconversion efficiency (η) to be 0.92 mA, 0.41 V, and 4.28%, respectively. On the hand, some important optical parameters are determined for both as-deposited and irradiated ZnTPyP films, such as skin depth (δ), and found that δ values reduce with increasing gamma doses, reflecting the efficiency and performance of photovoltaic cells. Finally, the study indicated the alteration in the studied optical parameters and slightly enhanced the Au/ZnTPyP/p-Si/Ag heterojunction efficiency when subjected to gamma radiation.
Research on the Intelligent System of English Teaching from the Perspective of Intercultural Education Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Sun Guangyao
Published: September 2024

In today’s globalized world, cross-cultural communication skills are crucial for English learners. However, traditional English teaching often overlooks cultural differences among students, leading to difficulties in practical communication. The development of deep learning technology has provided new possibilities for English teaching, which can analyze students’ cultural background and learning needs through intelligent systems, and provide more personalized teaching plans. This study focuses on the application of intelligent system in English teaching from the perspective of intercultural education. By analyzing the characteristics of cross-cultural education and the advantages of deep learning technology, an intelligent system model of English teaching based on deep learning is proposed. The model can provide individualized English teaching programs according to students’ cultural backgrounds, learning needs and learning progress. A recommendation algorithm based on a cross-cultural education model comparison is proposed. For each student, retrieve similar teaching cases from the database based on their cultural background and learning needs. Compare the similarity between current students and cases in the database using similarity calculation algorithms. Based on the sustainable development teaching model of college English, the MAP algorithm is analyzed. The experimental results show that the intelligent English teaching system based on deep learning has a remarkable effect on improving students’ English achievement and intercultural communication ability. The model is trained and tested by the measured data. The error of the test results is less than 5%. The results of the experiment prove that the construction of a Chinese college English sustainable development education model can effectively enhance China’s cultural soft power.
Multiple Time Scales and Normal Form of Hopf Bifurcation in a Delayed Reaction–Diffusion–Advection System
Authors: Lu Hongfan , Guo Yuxiao
Published: September 2024

In the reaction–diffusion systems, the Laplacian is usually a self-adjoint operator. Incorporating advection terms generally destroys this and yields a quite complicated decomposition of phase space in the Center Manifold Reduction (CMR) method. Considering that the Multiple Time Scales (MTS) method can be directly applied to bifurcation analysis and normal form derivation based on algebraic operations, and the computational process is relatively universal, we apply the MTS method to analyze the Hopf bifurcation problem of reaction–diffusion–advection systems with time delay. First, we introduce the MTS method for the system with a specific boundary condition, which is used to derive the normal form of Hopf bifurcation. Calculating the normal form using the MTS method can be summarized as determining the bifurcation parameters, conducting Taylor expansion based on the MTS idea, and eliminating secular terms. Then, the key coefficients in the normal form are explicitly given, which are also compared with the results obtained by the CMR method, and both methods lead to the same bifurcation results. Finally, we use the MTS method to calculate the normal form of Hopf bifurcation for a predator–prey model with mixed boundary conditions. We find that the spatially nonhomogeneous periodic solutions appear near the equilibrium in the system when the time delay exceeds the critical value, and the theoretical results are illustrated by numerical simulations.
About this title - The Miocene Extensional Pannonian Superbasin, Volume 1: Regional Geology
Authors: Tari G. C. , Kitchka A. , Krézsek C. , Lučić D. , Markič M. , Radivojević D. , Sachsenhofer R. F. , Šujan M.
Published: September 2024

The first Pannonian Superbasin volume is dedicated to the regional geology of various Neogene extensional basins surrounded by the Alps, Carpathians and Dinarides. All these subbasins developed on highly extended continental crust, providing the
locus typicus
for the general evolution of extensional basins developed in a back-arc basin setting.
Non-Nernstian effects on MNC single-atom catalysts for Oxygen Reduction: A Grand Canonical Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Patel Dipam Manish , Hwang Gyeong S
Published: September 2024

Metal single-atoms embedded in Nitrogen-doped graphene (so-called MNCs) are a promising group of electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR). Previous theoretical calculations on these materials have simplified the influence of applied potential on electrocatalyst activity to extrapolation from neutral with a linear, Nernstian term. Here we utilize Grand-Canonical Density Functional Theory (GCDFT) to account for non-ideal charging behavior and evaluate reaction energies at applied potentials for 5 3d metal atoms (Mn/Fe/Co/Ni/Cu). We briefly consider the correspondence between Density of States and some features of grand canonical free energy curves. We also explore the effect of considering adsorbed *OO on predicted activity, as treatment of that state has been inconsistent in literature. We find significant deviations between Nernstian and non-Nernstian treatments, with Co having the greatest overpotential difference of 0.36 V. The stability of the *OO state results in significant overpotential differences for Fe and Co. We predict variance in the rate-determining step (RDS) for each metal, changing from *OH hydrogenation for Mn/Fe, to *OO hydrogenation for Co, and finally simultaneous O2 adsorption and hydrogenation for Ni/Cu. Co possessed the lowest theoretical overpotential. This work highlights the importance of explicit consideration of potential when modeling electrochemical systems.
Comprehensive Analysis of Clean Energy Generation Mechanisms in Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Kwofie Matthew , Amanful Bright , Gamor Samuel , Kaku Foster
Published: September 2024

This paper reviews the current state of microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology for energy generation. It begins by exploring clean energy alternatives, focusing on waste‐to‐energy solutions, and introduces the concept, applications, and advantages of MFCs. The biochemical processes within MFCs are explained, highlighting how microorganisms metabolize substrates through glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain to generate electrons. These electrons flow through an external circuit and combine with protons and oxygen at the cathode to produce water or reduced forms of nitrogen and sulfur. This paper also analyzes 10 key parameters affecting MFC performance: coulombic efficiency, pH, temperature, substrates, organic loading rate, electrode potential, open circuit voltage, treatment efficiency, organic removal rate, and hydraulic retention time. Recent advancements in MFC technology are also discussed, including innovations in reactor configuration and scaling, the development of new membrane materials like earthen and ceramic, and improvements in wastewater treatment methods. The advancements also extend to genetic engineering techniques to enhance microbial efficiency and component modifications, such as the use of carbon‐based nanomaterials and metal catalysts for improved performance, innovations in proton transfer membranes, and mediator‐less MFCs utilizing metal‐reducing bacteria. Challenges facing MFC technology, such as cost, scalability, and environmental sensitivity, are mentioned. The paper concludes with future directions, including the use of advanced materials, integration with wastewater treatment infrastructure, and the potential for nutrient recovery and chemical synthesis. This comprehensive review aims to provide knowledge into optimizing MFCs for sustainable energy generation and environmental benefits.
Quality Assessment of Tomato Paste Products on the Ghanaian Market: An Insight Into Their Possible Adulteration
Authors: Boakye Abena , Avor Doreen D. , Amponsah Isaac K. , Appaw William O. , Owusu-Ansah Leslie , Adjei Silas , Baah Michael K. , Addotey John N.
Published: September 2024

Tomato paste is the most consumed tomato product on the Ghanaian market, the majority of which are imported into the country. This food product is easily adulterated, and thus, routine quality checks are necessary. Therefore, the current study is aimed at assessing the quality of eight tomato paste products on the Ghanaian market and checking for the presence of starch and artificial colourant erythrosine as possible adulterants. Routine quality metrics such as the pH, titratable acidity, total solids, and total soluble solids were assessed using standard methods. An HPLC method was employed to detect the presence of the colourant erythrosine, whereas starch content was determined by an enzymatic method using α‐amylase and then amyloglucosidase. Fifty percent of the products did not qualify to be called tomato paste based on total solid estimation. All the sampled products contained some amount of starch, with three having more than 10 g/100 g of this thickener. Additionally, the banned colourant erythrosine was detected in two of the products. All other parameters were consistent with regulatory standards. The present study has shown that some tomato paste products on the Ghanaian market contain additives that are not permitted under any circumstance and fall short of regulatory standards.
The Effect of Nanoparticle Reinforcement on Shear‐Thickening Fluid
Authors: Zelelew Tibebu Merde , Ali Addisu Negash , Kidanemariam Geta , Kebede Getnet Ayele , Koricho Ermias Gebrekidan
Published: September 2024

Shear‐thickening fluids (STFs) undergo significant transformation under shear, transitioning from liquid‐like to solid‐like states, opening up diverse applications. This review comprehensively analyzes recent advances in nanoparticle‐reinforced STFs and highlights their improved rheological and mechanical properties. We explore various STF types, including colloidal suspensions and polymer‐based systems, and investigate the underlying shear‐thickening mechanisms such as order‐disorder, hydrocluster, and contact rheology theories. Nanoparticle reinforcement significantly improves STF performance. In our review, nanoparticle types, incorporation methods, and their effects on STF behavior are systematically investigated. Key results demonstrate significant improvements in stiffness, toughness, thermal stability, and chemical resistance, which are critical for practical applications in protection and smart body armor, biomedical devices, industrial equipment, battery reinforcement, and explosion protection functions, as well as vibration dampening and shock absorption. To address the associated challenges, we propose future research directions to fully exploit nanoparticle‐enhanced STFs and provide important insights for researchers and practitioners in this dynamic area.
Figure S2 from Activation of Cell-Intrinsic Signaling in CAR-T Cells via a Chimeric IL7R Domain
Authors: Vorri Stamatia C. , Holl Natalie J. , Leeming Michael , Apostolova Petya , Marple Andrew , Ravich Jonas W. , Canbaz Ata , Rahnama Ruyan , Choe Jun , Modi Arjun , Fearnow Adam D. , Walsh Scott T.R. , Pearce Erika L. , Varadhan Ravi , Bonifant Challice L.
Published: September 2024

Supplementary Figure 2
Figure 7 from Activation of Cell-Intrinsic Signaling in CAR-T Cells via a Chimeric IL7R Domain
Authors: Vorri Stamatia C. , Holl Natalie J. , Leeming Michael , Apostolova Petya , Marple Andrew , Ravich Jonas W. , Canbaz Ata , Rahnama Ruyan , Choe Jun , Modi Arjun , Fearnow Adam D. , Walsh Scott T.R. , Pearce Erika L. , Varadhan Ravi , Bonifant Challice L.
Published: September 2024

Single-chain proximal IL7Rα CAR-T cells have decreased in vivo antileukemia activity. A, Schematic of the xenograft model. On day 0, NSG mice were injected via tail vein with 1 × 106 CD123+ MV-4-11.ffLuc cells. In treatment groups, 2 × 106 CAR+ T cells were administered via tail vein on day 7. Cohorts: unmodified (NT, n = 2), CD28.ζ + sIL7 (n = 6), CD28.IL7R.ζ (n = 6), and IL7R.CD28.ζ (n = 5) T cells. Untreated mice (n = 3) served as controls. B, Representative mouse pictures of leukemia proliferation monitored with BLI. C, Radiance. Dotted lines, individual mice; solid line, median of each cohort. D, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis; comprehensive curve comparison; P < 0.0001; NT vs. CD28.ζ_sIL7, vs. CD28.IL7R.ζ, and vs. IL7R.CD28.ζ: all **, P < 0.01 individual comparisons. CD28.IL7R.ζ vs. IL7R.CD28.ζ: *, P < 0.01. E, AML and (F). T-cell counts detected in peripheral blood of mice and measured by flow cytometry. No significant differences found between groups. NSG, NOD/SCIDγ; NT, nontransduced.
Figure 1 from Activation of Cell-Intrinsic Signaling in CAR-T Cells via a Chimeric IL7R Domain
Authors: Vorri Stamatia C. , Holl Natalie J. , Leeming Michael , Apostolova Petya , Marple Andrew , Ravich Jonas W. , Canbaz Ata , Rahnama Ruyan , Choe Jun , Modi Arjun , Fearnow Adam D. , Walsh Scott T.R. , Pearce Erika L. , Varadhan Ravi , Bonifant Challice L.
Published: September 2024

Human primary T cells can be engineered for stable IL7 pathway activation. A, Schematic of CCR and sIL7, as well as transgenes engineered into cells. B, Transduction efficiency of T cells engineered to express GFP only, IL7R + GFP, or to secrete IL7 + GFP was measured by detecting eGFP positivity and CCR expression with flow cytometry. C, Concentration of IL7 measured in the supernatant of sIL7-transduced T cells and control cells (G-o) in cytokine-free culture medium. D, Immunophenotype characterization of T-cell subsets present in healthy donor and transduced T-cell preactivation (CD4 and CD8) and on day 8 of T-cell expansion [CCR and sIL7 treated with IL7: +IL7 (G-o); G-o]. E, Ratio of STAT5 phosphorylation to total STAT5 expression measured with TR-FRET in indicated cell types following 24 hours of cytokine starvation and following stimulation with IL7 for 30 minutes. Comparison between untreated and IL7-treated cells. F, Percent cells positive for CD127 expression measured by flow cytometry. Statistical comparison is between cell type and control (G-o, no treatment). G, Representative histograms from flow cytometric measurement of �127+ cells of each type. Data representative of n = 3 to 5 independent donors. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001. For DG, +IL7 indicates cells activated and expanded in the presence of IL7 prior to indicated analysis. H, MS proteomics analysis of IL7R signaling pathway downstream molecules for total protein and phosphosite abundance. Raw detected protein and phosphoprotein abundance were normalized to the control condition per donor and expressed as mean log2 fold change of three donors. *Note STAT5A pY694 and STAT5B pY699 are indistinguishable due to sequence identity. G-o, GFP-only.
Esmeraldino Salles (1916 - 1979) documentado pela imprensa: uma incursão no Acervo da Hemeroteca Digital da Biblioteca Nacional
Authors: Castro Felipe Siles de
Published: September 2024

This  article  describes  the  process,  methodology  and  results  of  a  search in the National Library’s Digital Library for the São Paulo musician Esmeraldino Salles, who lived between 1916 and 1979. The Hemeroteca Digital has an important digitalized collection of newspapers, magazines and periodicals, photocopied and scanned, and the optical character recognition technology allows keyword searches, opening up enormous possibilities  for  researching  the  careers  of  musicians  unknown  to  the  general public. The aim of this paper is to document the results obtained from this source, describing and mapping Esmeraldino’s main professional activities as a musician: 1) performing on Rádio Tupi and television; 2) accompanying  singers  in  São  Paulo’s  nightlife,  in  bars,  nightclubs  and  concert halls; 3) photographic records; and 4) recording phonograms and  albums.  Through  this  description  and  mapping  of  data  obtained  from the Hemeroteca Digital, we can get an idea of the repercussions of Esmeraldino Salles’ work in his heyday, as well as the public’s perception of him.
Value of Ischemia and Coronary Anatomy in Prognosis and Guiding Revascularization Among Patients With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Patel Krishna K. , Peri-Okonny Poghni A. , Giorgetti Assuero , Shaw Leslee J. , Gimelli Alessia
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

The value of physiological ischemia versus anatomic severity of disease for prognosis and management of patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) is widely debated.

METHODS:

A total of 1764 patients who had rest-stress cadmium-zinc-telluride single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging and angiography (invasive or computed tomography) were prospectively enrolled and followed for cardiac death/nonfatal myocardial infarction. The CAD prognostic index (CADPI) was used to quantify the extent and severity of angiographic disease. Prognostic value was assessed using Cox models, adjusted for pretest risk, known CAD, stressor, left ventricular ejection fraction, %ischemia and infarct, CADPI, and early (90-day) revascularization. Incremental prognostic value was evaluated using net reclassification index.

RESULTS:

The mean age was 69.7±9.5 years, 24.4% were women, and 29.3% had known CAD. Significant ischemia (>10%) was present in 28.4%. Nonobstructive, single, and multivessel disease was present in 256 (14.5%), 772 (43.8%), and 736 (41.7%), respectively. Early revascularization occurred in 579 (32.8%). Cardiac death/myocardial infarction occurred in 148 (8.4%) over a 4.6-year median follow-up. Both %ischemia and CADPI provided independent and incremental prognostic value over pretest clinical risk (
P
<0.001). In a model containing both ischemia and anatomy, ischemia was prognostic (hazard ratio per 5% ↑, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.11–1.63];
P
=0.002) but CADPI was not (hazard ratio per 10-unit ↑, 1.09 [95% CI, 0.99–1.20];
P
=0.07). Early revascularization modified the risk associated with %ischemia (interaction
P
=0.003) but not with CADPI (interaction
P
=0.6). %Ischemia and single-photon emission computed tomography variables added incremental prognostic value over clinical risk and CADPI (net reclassification index, 20.3% [95% CI, 9%–32%];
P
<0.05); however, CADPI was not incrementally prognostic beyond pretest risk, %ischemia, and single-photon emission computed tomography variables (net reclassification index, 3.1% [95% CI, −5% to 15%];
P
=0.21).

CONCLUSIONS:

Ischemic burden provides independent and incremental prognostic value beyond CAD anatomy and identifies patients who benefit from early revascularization. The anatomic extent of disease has independent prognostic value over clinical risk factors but offers limited incremental benefit for prognosis and guiding revascularization beyond physiological severity (ischemia).
Phoebe jingxiensis (Lauraceae), a new species from Guangxi, China
Authors: LIN JIAN-YONG , JIANG DONG-DONG , OU HAN-BIAO , LI JUAN , HE YING-HUI , JIANG RI-HONG
Published: September 2024

Phoebe jingxiensis, a new species of Lauraceae from China, is described and illustrated. Morphological comparison with Phoebe yaiensis, P. crassipedicella and P. lanceolata is provided. Both morphological and molecular evidence clearly indicate that P. jingxiensis is a distinct species. It differs in leaf blade being shiny and tea-colored, elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, apex long acuminate or caudate-acuminate; inflorescences 5–12.8 cm long; fruit ovoid, 1.1–1.4 × 0.8–0.9 cm, fruiting pedicel 0.6–1.5 cm, not thickened, persistent perianth lobes subequal, 4–6 × 3.5–4 mm; and seed oval, 0.9–1.3 × 0.6–1.1 cm.
Youngia kangdingensis is a new synonym of Youngia pilifera (Asteraceae, Crepidinae)
Authors: LIAO SHU-YUAN , CHEN YOU-SHENG
Published: September 2024

Through our examination of specimens (including the type material) and fieldwork, Youngia kangdingensis (Asteraceae, Crepidinae) is considered to be conspecific with Youngia pilifera and is synonymized herein.
Comments on the lectotypification of four names of Asiatic Dalbergia L. f. (Fabaceae: Papilionoideae: Dalbergieae)
Authors: JIANG KAI-WEN , LI SHI-JIN
Published: September 2024

N/A
Review of Givira Walker, 1856 (Lepidoptera: Cossidae: Hypoptinae) with description of a new species
Authors: NAYDENOV ARTEM E. , YAKOVLEV ROMAN V. , PENCO FERNANDO C.
Published: September 2024

American carpenter moths from the genus Givira Walker, 1856 are reviewed to expand knowledge on the subfamily Hypoptinae Neumoegen & Dyar, 1894. Features of the genus and three previously known species are redescribed and detailed diagnoses are provided for each taxon. The fourth species of the genus—Givira cinnamonea sp. nov. from Brazil (Minas Gerais)—is described. Up-to-date distributional maps are provided.
Arthrobrachus crassicornis sp. nov (Coleoptera: Melyridae), a new species from the South American Transition Zone in Argentina
Authors: ESTRADA PATRICIA
Published: September 2024

Arthrobrachus Solier, 1849 is a genus of Melyridae distributed in the southern cone of South America, with twenty valid species. A new species of the genus was recognized in the study of collection material. Artrobrachus crassicornis sp. nov. is described from Argentina and distributed in the South American Transition Zone.
Coarsening of alloy carbides during a cyclic heat treatment for grain refinement in ultrahigh-strength steels
Authors: Xu C. , Tu M. J. , Chen X. G. , He C. J. , Jia X. B. , Guo W. B. , Liu J. M. , Liu L. , Chen Y.
Published: September 2024

Strength–ductility trade-off dilemma is acute in materials science, especially for ultrahigh-strength steels. The improvement of toughness requires careful tuning of grains and precipitates. Thermal cyclic treatment and annealing before quenching are two effective ways of microstructural refinement for steels. However, a combination of the two methods has never been studied. Complex alloy carbides form in the process of annealing, but their effects on grain refinement in the subsequent quenching are unclear. Here, a systematic comparison of microstructure and mechanical properties is established between a thermal cyclic treatment with annealing (CHT) and traditional quench-temper treatment (QT). The results indicate that the CHT treatment leads to the coarsening of alloy carbides and subgrains, and the decrease in strength and toughness.
Prediction of SO2, NOx and PM in the sintering process based on deep learning
Authors: Wang Baorong , Li Xiaoming , Ren Yize , Lin Xuhui , Yu Zhiheng , Xing Xiangdong
Published: September 2024

The accurate prediction of SO2, NOx and PM emissions in the iron ore sintering process could adjust the desulfurization and denitrification operation in time. The study presented an integrated prediction model for SO2, NOx and PM in sintering flue gas. Gradient boosting decision tree, recurrent neural network, gated recurrent unit were chosen as sub-models to predict SO2, NOx and PM by comparing different regression prediction models, which were then combined to form an integrated prediction model (MMEP). The box plots, empirical mode decomposition algorithm, Pearson correlation coefficient and maximum information coefficient to select independent variables for the predictive model. The MMEP model had an overall accuracy greater than 0.82, as verified by production data, which could provide guidance for on-site sintering production.
Improving the wind map using interpolation approach: Case study of a southeastern region of Algeria
Authors: Kheder-Haddouche Sabiha , Nedjari Hafida Daaou , Louassa Samira
Published: September 2024

Various software programs like Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program (WAsP) and WindSim use only a single data source, limiting the information generated to a small area, while it is more interesting to look for the contribution that can be added to the local speed generated at a certain distance. To improve accuracy of the prediction, refining wind maps with data from neighboring masts and using new interpolation methods is proposed in this paper. Thus, to make corrections to the local speed generated at a certain distance, we propose to refine the wind maps produced by numerical simulations of WAsP software, taking into account the data from neighboring masts and optimizing the results by new interpolation methods. This technique is applied to a region of southeastern Algeria, where the wind data were collected from three meteorological stations, namely of Biskra, Guemar, Sidi Mahdi, and three neighboring stations of Tunisia namely Gafsa, Kebili and Nefta. The results shown that depending on the characteristics and the surrounding environment of the measuring mast, the simulated wind speed can vary between 5% and 25%.
Toward A Comprehensive Framework for Accessibility Measures for Movement-Challenged Persons
Authors: Bhuiya Md Musfiqur Rahman , Shao Wanyun , Jones Steven , Liu Jun
Published: September 2024

Access is one of the most important rights for persons with disabilities (PWDs), particularly for movement-challenged persons (MCPs). To adopt appropriate policy measures that ensure this right for MCPs, it is necessary to evaluate accessibility appropriately. There are, however, very few accessibility measures applicable to MCPs. The current study proposes a framework for a novel comprehensive accessibility measure for MCPs (CAMMCP) by integrating parameters of universal design and the impact of mode-specific challenges faced by MCPs with existing accessibility measures following an origin-to-destination approach. The study presents a literature review of existing accessibility measures and suggests approaches to modify measures to suit mobility challenges faced by MCPs. Modified accessibility measures have been integrated with other parameters related to universal design and mode-specific problems. Universal-design-related parameters will include ramp slope and curb cuts, which can be measured through physical survey. Information on the impact of mode-specific challenges to MCP accessibility can be collected through questionnaires and participatory survey methods. The study also suggests approaches to modifying existing accessibility measures that do not differentiate between mobility constraints for MCPs and non-MCPs when evaluating accessibility. CAMMCP will be helpful for transportation policymakers taking the initiative to improve built-environment accessibility for MCPs as well as for evaluating projects through the lens of transport equity. It can be particularly helpful in determining walkability and transit-service accessibility. Hopefully, it will help build better road networks and transportation modes to develop a sustainable and inclusive transportation system.
Telemedicine Rounding Support for Public Health System Pediatric Intensive Care Units in Brazil can Improve Outcomes
Authors: Jacovas Vanessa Cristina , Constant Hilda Maria Rodrigues Moleda , Matte Maria Cristina Cotta , Crivella Carina Galves , Chagas Maria Eulália Vinadé , Fröhlich Guilherme Carey , Krauzer João Ronaldo Mafalda , Guerra Luciano Remião , Pires Aristóteles de Almeida , da Cunha Luciane Gomes , Moreira Taís de Campos , Cabral Felipe Cezar
Published: September 2024

There are discrepancies in resources and expertise available between pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) in Brazil that likely significantly impact the clinical outcomes of patients. The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of telemedicine rounding support in two public PICUs located in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil. Our intervention involves telehealth rounds connecting two “level II” PICUs with specialist doctors from a hospital of recognized excellence. A before-and-after study was carried out to evaluate telemedicine's impact on PICUs between December 2018 and July 2019. Nine hundred and forty patients were evaluated during this period (426 pre-telemedicine, 514 post-telemedicine). The intervention occurred through telerounds between the command center and the ICUs assisted by telemedicine. In unit A, the implementation of telemedicine reduced the mortality rate from 18.86% to 9.29%, while in unit B, it decreased from 10.76% to 9.72%. There was no change in the median length of stay in unit A, but in unit B, it increased from 6 to 8 days. Logistic regression analysis confirmed a significant reduction in mortality in unit A (odds ratio (OR) 0.50; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29-0.86). The study found a positive correlation between adherence to telemedicine recommendations and mortality reduction across both units. This suggests that telemedicine can effectively improve outcomes in PICUs, particularly in regions with limited health-care resources.
HPV Vaccination Rates in Military Females: The Need for a Multi-Level and Evidence-Based Approach
Authors: Sacca Lea , Wilson Candy , Hopkins Dawn Kimberly , Kitsantas Panagiota , Densley Sebastian , Lobaina Diana , Peters Darian , Branstetter Brian , Clelland-Goddard Allan , Craig Casey
Published: September 2024

To mitigate the impact of personal and structural barriers hindering HPV vaccination in military women, multiple research studies have advocated for adding the HPV vaccine to the mandatory list for enlistees. Intervention Mapping (IM) is a systematic and stepwise theory-based approach that has been used to inform the development of health promotion interventions and implementation strategies in community and clinical settings at national, regional, and global levels. Development and evaluation of effective strategies and multi-level interventions using IM may increase the uptake of the HPV vaccine among military females who are at-risk of HPV infections and associated co-morbidities.