bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS SIKAP DAN PERILAKU KONSUMEN TERHADAP PRODUK DONAT PAKET SURYA BAKERY DI KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Fridinawati Dwita
Published: April 2018

One form of agro-processing industry is donuts. The bakery is one business that is engaged in the fulfillment of their needs and as a tangible example of product development of agricultural products, which also had a very tight competition from time to time. The research was conducted in February-March 2012 in the city of Bengkulu with the aim of knowing the attitudes and behavior of consumers towards the product package Surya donut bakery in the city of Bengkulu. Overall the total consumer attitude (AB) to the product package Surya donut bakery in the city of Bengkulu is positive with a total value of (10.289), The results obtained for the consumer behavior towards Surya bakery donut package is positive with a value of (7.5914), which indicates that consumer attitudes (AB), which results either positive or no consistent relationship to consumer behavior (B), which also results in a positive or good.Keywords: Consumer attitude and behaviour, value added, Product development process
ANALISA USAHA BUDIDAYA IKAN NILA MERAH (Oreochromis niloticus) SECARA TERPADU DENGAN AYAM (LONG-YAM) DI KABUPATEN BENGKULU UTARA
Authors: Ta'aladin Zamdial
Published: April 2018

The objectives of this research were to know the feasibility of effort of Nila merah (Oreochromis niloticus) culture in integrated manner with chicken (Long-Yam). This research was conducted in Bengkulu Utara Regency, Bengkulu Province. The data were analyzed by financial-economic aspect using Net Benefit-Cost Ratio (Net B/C Ratio), NPV (Net Present Value) and IRR (Internal Rate of Return). The result of financial-economic aspect analysis were obtained Net B/C Ratio = 1.71, NPV = 5,103,169 and IRR = 33,00. Based on the result of this analysis showed that the effort unit of nila merah (Oreochromis niloticus) culture in a integrated manner with chicken is feasible and can developed in Bengkulu Utara Regency. Keywords : Oreochromis niloticus, culture, integrated, long-yam
HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK, MOTIVASI DAN KOMPETENSI TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA PENYULUH PERTANIAN DI KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Hanafiah M. Ali , Rasyid Witman , Purwoko Agus
Published: April 2018

The objective of this research is to analyze the correlation of the agricultural agents’ characteristics, motivation and competence to their work productivity. This research was conducted in February through April 2013 and used census methods. The study population was defined as many as 33 people of 45 people from the extension of existing civil servants. Data analysis was done by using Product Moment Pearson procedure. The results showed that: 1) some of the agents’ characteristics were correlated significantly with their job productivity, there were period of employment, training, agricultural area in the region of agriculture extension, 2) Some factors of the agents’ motivation were correlated significantly with their job productivity. There are recognition, salary and reward. 3) Some factors of the agents’ competencies were correlated significantly with their job productivity. There are planning, implementating, evaluation of agriculture extension, and communication skills real contact with the work productivity of agricultural extension. 4) Work productivity level of agricultural extension agents still not yet good (“low” category) because four of five factors work productivity as method extension, extension materials and increased knowledge and skills of farmers were low.Keywords: Agricultural Extension Agent, Characteristics, Motivation, Competence, Productivity
ANALISIS AGRIBISNIS UBI JALAR UNGU DI DESA TELADAN KECAMATAN CURUP SELATAN KABUPATEN REJANG LEBONG
Authors: Marlina Yeni , Asriani Putri Suci , Sumantri Bambang
Published: April 2018

The aims of the research are to 1) determine factors that affect the production of ubi jalar ungu, 2) to know how much costs and revenues the ubi jalar ungu farming, 3) to determine the efficiency of the ubi jalar ungu farming, 4) to calculate how much added value from ubi jalar ungu processing into fried macaroni. This study sites was intentionally set in the village of Teladan. The data is obtained from the primary data and the secondary data, the respondents of ubi jalar ungu farmers was taken by census method. While the processor is home industry ZAHRA. The result shows that significant factos are seeds, Phonska fertilizers, manures and labors. While, land factor is not significant. The total cost for the ubi jalar ungu farming is Rp 2.900.054,13/Ut/Mt or Rp 8.209.106,83/Ha/Mt, and a revenue is Rp 3.241.570,87/Ut/Mt, or Rp 9.190.226,51/Ut/Ha. Result of the R/C ratio is 2,12, and the value is greater than one. It means that the farming is efficient. The added value of ZAHRA home industry is Rp 41.072,-/kg, with a profit of Rp 37.472,-/kg, and the rate of profit reaches 91.23 %. This benefit is a net plus, because it has been reduced by the share of the labor.Key words: Ubi jalar ungu, production, revenue, efficiency and value-added
IDENTIFIKASI POTENSI WILAYAH UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT SEKITAR KAWASAN TAMAN NASIONAL KERINCI SEBLAT (TNKS): Studi Kasus Kecamatan Rimbo Pengadang Kabupaten Lebong Provinsi Bengkulu
Authors: Windirah Nola
Published: April 2018

This research aimed to analyze 1) the potential area in Rimbo Pengadang Sub-district Lebong District and 2) which potential area can be developed become the alternatives of economic activities to the sub-district communities. The benefit expected was the community of Rimbo Pengadang Sub-district may do economic activities on those potential areas and the infringement of The Kerinci Seblat National Park may be decreased. The secondary data were used and analiyzed by Flow Model qualitative method. There were four steps in Flow Model such as Data Collection, Data Reduction, Data Display and Conclusion. The research gave these results 1) the potential areas in Rimbo Pengadang Sub-district Lebong District were Community Forest and Natural Pasture, and 2) those potential areas could be developed become the business activities for the communities because of the supporting factors more than the inhibiting factors.Keywords: potential identification, potential area, forest community, natural pasture
ANALISIS DAYA SAING USAHATANI KELAPA SAWIT DI KABUPATEN MUKOMUKO (STUDI KASUS DESA BUMI MULYA)
Authors: Aprizal Aprizal , L Aprizal
Published: April 2018

This study aimed to analyze the competitiveness of palm oil farming (competitive and comparative advantage), the impact of government policies on output and input oil palm cultivation, and the competitiveness of sensitivity to changes in oil palm farm output and input. Stratified Random Sampling method was used to select 86 respondents purposively. The reason for choosing of Mukomuko district is because this area has largest palm oil producers and largest palm oil planting area in the province of Bengkulu. The data used primary and secondary data. The Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) method was used to analyze the data. The result shows that Bumi Mulya Village has competitive and comparative advantages. PP and SP have positive value of PCR (0,91), and DRCR (0,72).  The impact of government policy on output are disincentive as shown by OT value negative Rp.5.521.890/Ha/year, value NPCO is 0,80.  The impact of government policy subsidy to input is fertilizer.  NT has negative value, EPC is 0,80, and SRP about 0,166. Government policy shows that the fertilizer is still needed on palm oil farming. The sensitivity analysis shows that the maximum limit that can be accepted to change the output when the input-output and prices drop below 3 percent, price increases of more than 100 percent of herbicides, inorganic fertilizer price increases below 55 percent, rising interest rates below 1 percent. Combination of sensitivity analysis shows that the fluctuation in input-output is very sensitive to oil palm farming in Bumi Mulya, Mukomuko district. Keywords: Palm oil, competitive and comparative advantage, governmental policies, and sensitivity.
KINERJA KELOMPOK TANI PENGELOLA KEBUN BIBIT RAKYAT DI KABUPATEN BENGKULU SELATAN (Studi Kasus Kelompok Wanita Tani Usaha Bersama di Desa Kota Bumi Kecamatan Pino dan Kelompok Tani Batu Ampar Jaya di Desa Lubuk Tapi Kecamatan Ulu Manna)
Authors: Deselina . , Siswahyono . , Etrika Gres Meik
Published: April 2018

This study aims to determine the performance level of the farmer group manager of Community Seedling Garden (KBR) in South Bengkulu based indicators of the success of the planning, implementation, and monitoring and control and to determine the success of the planting is done farmer group KBR managers. The research was conducted in June – September 2013 in the Village of Kota Bumi District of Pino and the Village of Lubuk Tapi of Ulu Manna Sub Province of South Bengkulu). Respondent conducted census. Descriptive analysis of quantitative data is done to determine the level of performance and success of planting by KBR managers Group. Based of survey results revealed levels performance and success of the planting is done by the Woman Farmers Group Usaha Bersama is better than the results achieved by Farmers Group Batu Ampar Jaya.Keywords: performance, farmer groups, community orchard seedling.
ANALISIS PRODUKTIVITAS USAHATANI PADI SAWAH DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN TRAKTOR TANGAN DAN CARA KONVENSIONAL DI KABUPATEN REJANG LEBONG
Authors: Silamat Edi , Yuwana . , Yuliarso M. Zulkarnain
Published: April 2018

The aims of this research are to (1) determine factors that affect rice farmers decision to use hand tractor or not (conventional), (2) analyze the productivity of rice using hand tractors and conventional technique. (3) Calculate the income of rice farmers that used tractors and conventional. The number of samples taken were 41 rice farmers who used hand tractors in the village of Rimbo Recap and the ones who used conventional technique 29 persons in Watas Marga village. The systems of farming was the same both in Watas Marga village and in Rimbo Recap. Sampling was conducted by interview using questionnaire to collect primer data and secunder data. The method of research was survey using the formula Slovin. The result of study concluded that the land space and perception of labor significantly affected the farmer’s decision to use the hand tractors, while the perception of farmers on hand tractors did not affect significantly on the farmer’s decision to use hand tractors in agricultural land preparation. Factors that affected the productivity were seeds 4.569 t count > t table of 2.564 and labor 8.936 t count > t table of 2.464t count > t table 2.042 and labor 8.936 t count > t table of 2.464 with 99% confidence level. Insectiside had significant effect on productivity of rice at 95% level. The value of t count was 2.479 > t table (2.042). T test had a negative value. Dummy showed decrease in productivity by 0.2077% if the farmer did not use a hand tractor. Incomes of farmers who used both tractors and conventional technique showed no significant difference. Income of farmers who used tractors was Rp. 9.014.727/MT or Rp. 11. 302.316/Ha and farmers' income whoutilize conventional technique was Rp. 9.041.365/MT or Rp. 11.349.945/Ha. The calculation results based on different incomes concluded that change in rice farming systems did not significantly effect on income benefit. Keywords: rice paddy, hand tractors, productivity, revenue.
FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN MOTIVASI MENYIMPAN HASIL PANEN PADI PETANI DI KABUPATEN SELUMA
Authors: Kusuma Ayu Paramitha , Priyono Basuki Sigit , Sriyoto .
Published: April 2018

The purposes of this research are to 1) estimate the frequency of sale until the next harvest season, 2) examine the reasons for saving the crops of rice farmers do, 3) reveal motivation of rice farmers to store their products, and 4) analyze the factors related to the motivation of storing crops of rice farmers in the County of Seluma. The results showed that the frequency of the sale of the crops that farmers is low. Economic reasons farmers saving the crops with the largest percentage of 36,67% was to be sold again to the urgent needs and social reasons farmers save percentage with yields equal to 8.33% is there is often a relative/neighbor who borrowed. The level of motivation of farmers in storing the rice harvest is at a high percentage of category 68,33%. Non formal education factor and experience farming has a real connection with the motivation of saving crops of rice farmers in Seluma. Factors of age, formal education, land area, number of family dependants, and number of previous production doesn't have a real relationship with the motivation of storing crops of rice farmers in the County of Seluma.Keywords : Motivation, Product Saving, Paddy
ADOPSI INOVASI PROGRAM PEMBANGUNAN AREAL MODEL HUTAN RAKYAT DI DESA BAKAL DALAM KECAMATAN TALO KABUPATEN BENGKULU SELATAN
Authors: Asriani Putri Suci
Published: April 2018

The succes  of community  forest areal model  development  program  in the location  of Baka/ Da/am village,  T810 subdistrict,  South  of Bengkulu  district very depend  on wffh efective  or inefective  adoption-inovation  process  to this program.   In addition  to obsetVed  from  positif perseption   as indicated  with direct  by participant  farmers  in this program,  low or high personal  motivation partiCipant farmers  to this program,  and rank of this participation. Key words: Adoption-inovation,   community forest areal model development.
EFISIENSI TEKNIS USAHATANI JAGUNG DI DESA SUKA PINDAH
Authors: Utama Satria Putra
Published: April 2018

The general  objective  of the study  was to estimate  technical  efficiency  of farmers  under Bengkulu Regional Development Project (BRDP) through Unit Pengelola Keuangan Desa (UPKD) of com farmers'  practice  in Suka Pindah,  Lubuk Pinang  Sub-district,  Bengkulu  Province.   Suka Pindah was choosen  by purposive  method  because  this  area one of the production  center  for com in Bengkulu Province.  The research  was conducted  on December  2003, using a total of 30 respondents  chosen by simple random  sampling  from  138 farmers.   The stochastic  frontier production  function estimation using MLE showed that seed and labour had positive significant  influence  on the value of the output. Nitrogen  (urea)   coefficient  had negative  sign but this was not Significant.  SP36, KGf, Herbidde  and UPKD had positive sign, but these were not significant.   The average of technical efficiency  was 70 % for the com  farmers'in   Suka Pindah, it's mean that there is chance to increase  the effiCiency around 30 % more compare to the best farmers' practices. Key word:    Bengkulu  Regional Development  Project (BRDP), technical efficiency
ANALISIS PERMINTAAN TENAGA KERJA PADA USAHATANI KOPI (Studi Kasus Di Desa Kepala Curup Kecamatan Padang Ulak Tanding Kabupaten Rejang Lebong)
Authors: Sriyoto . , Utama Satria Putra , Antony .
Published: April 2018

The hypothesis of  the study were capital, coffee price, labor wages, and price of  fertifizers significantfy influence demand for  labor in coffee estate management at Padang Ulak Tanding sub district, Rejang Lebong regency. The cobb-douglas model was used for elaborating the objectives. The results significantly show that demand for labor was influenced by capital, labor wages; price of coffee in nurse ring while price of fertilizers was not   In the planting, capital and price of fertilizers were influence the demand for labor while labor wages and price of  coffee were not. Capital and labor wages significantly influenced the demand for labor while price of coffee and fertilizers were not in the maintaining activities. Price of coffee and capital influence the demand for labor but labor wages and price of fertilizers are not. Government has had to serious attention in terms of technical and management assistances through special programs in improving the best production and productivity.Key words: Labor  demand,  estate management   and coffee
KOMPARASI PENDAPATAN USAHATANI PADA BEBERAPA KOMBINASI SISTEM OLAH TANAH DAN PERTANAMAN
Authors: Yuliarti Ellys
Published: April 2018

This research was conducted in research station at Bogor Agricultural University from october 1992 to July 1993. It was aimed to compare income of farming system under various of land tillage and plant. Analysis of varian was applied to examine the influence of various tillage system the results showed that minimum tillage and conventional could decreser farmers income through in the second season monoculture and multicropping systems. Key words :comparative, farming income, tillage, and cropping
SKALA USAHA MINIMUM PADA USAHATANI TEMBAKAU (Nicotiana tabacum) KABUPATEN REJANG LEBONG
Authors: Utama Satria Putra , Irawan Andi , Marito H Butmen
Published: April 2018

Tobacco  was one of   priority  commodity  in Rejang  Lebong  district  to develop,  its supported  by suitable micro climate and farmer behavior so long. The research  were objected  to analyze the influencing factors on produdion  and minimum  economic scale of tobacco  farming system  at Rejang Lebong District. These tried to answer thorugh the cob-douglas  and break even point  analyses. The research  showed  that area  (x 1),  TSP fertilizer  (x3),  ZA  fertlizer  (x4)  significantly  influence  to  tobacco  production.   Minimum economic  scale of tobacco  farming system  around  0.07 ha but farmers  scale  about  0.49 ha. It meaned that farmet tobacco were already in comerdal/economic   scale. Improving  the prcxluction  could be attained thorugh  extensification  and intesification  . extensification  in the way of extended  the  croping  area, while intesification  by improving  fertilizers  of TSP and ZA  to optimal  level  of usage.  others  factors  should  be another  farmer  focus to increas  prcxluction such  quality of seed,  integrated  and environmental  pestici~e and so forth. Keywords:  Minimum economic scale, farming system, tobacco
STRATEGI PEMBERDAYAAN BURUH MIGRAN PEREMPUAN INDONESIA DI HONGKONG
Authors: Wulan Tyas Retno , Kolopaking Lala M. , Wahyuni Ekawati Sri , Abdullah Irwan
Published: April 2018

Social remittances (ideas, system practice, and social capital flow from the receiving country to the home country) of Indonesian female migrant workers (BMP) in Hong Kong appeared better and more complete than other BMP in other countries like Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, or Singapore.  Based on that research, we are encouraged to do extensive research in order to identify factors  that push  BMP’s social remittances development  in Hong Kong, to identify kinds of social remmitances they receive  and to understand on how far their social remittances become a medium to empower them and their society.  This study is done in qualitative method that uses an in-depth interview technique and FGD.  Subjects of study are BMP, the government (Ministry of Manpower and Transmigration and BNP2TKI), NGOs, migrant workers’ organization and researchers of BMP. The study done in Cianjur (West Java), Wonosobo and Banyumas (Central Java) and Hong Kong indicates that during their migration process, female migrant workers not only have economical remittance that can be used for productive activities, but also social remittances.  The social remittances are in the form practical knowledge such as language skill and nursery; knowledge on health, financial management; ethical work; the mindset changing and networking. The study  indicate that female migrant workers are extraordinary women more than just an ex-helper.  Their migration has put them into a position as an agent of development in society.Key words: Indonesians  female migrant workers, social remmitances, empowerment
PERILAKU KOMUNIKASI IBU RUMAH TANGGA DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN KETAHANAN PANGAN: STUDI PADA RUMAH TANGGA NELAYAN DI KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Yuliarso M. Zulkarnain
Published: April 2018

This research aimed at  identifying the communication behavior of the household wife toward food security’s knowledge.  This communication behaviour includes information searching and transmissionboth its frequency and quality (communication level),gathered from mass media and interpersonal communication.  This study was survey research with 30 people was selected using simple random sampling.  Data analyzed using descriptive qualitative analysis based on frequency tabulation.  Diversification, stabilitation, and food intake  information are  favourable towardsand much communicated by respondents. Communication level ranges from only small talk, interdependent to interactive communication.  Respondents gained their information from PKK and Posyandu cadres, nurse and private doctor, and community healts centre crew.  Mass media were not used as information sources, but it is more likely entertainment media.Key words :  Communication Behavior, Food Security,  Housewife
Achieving the Global Goals in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Ntim Quality , Amuzu Evans Xorse , Ansong Daniel
Published: April 2018

In the year 2000, the Millenium Development Goals were the talk of many. The MDGs targeted key issues such as poverty, hunger, primary education, gender equality, child mortality, maternal health, disease, environmental sustainability, and global partnership. These global goals were not sufficiently met by sub-Saharan Africa. 15 years down the line the Sustainable Development Goals have been put forward. How can sub-Saharan Africa achieve these goals.
Review of Hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Nkyi Clara Appiagyei
Published: April 2018

The prevalence of hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa is high and it is the main driver for cardiovascular diseases in the region. Cardiovascular diseases are associated with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. The high prevalence of hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) can be attributed to rural-urban migration, high salt intake, smoking of tobacco and inadequate exercise. Awareness and control of hypertension is generally low with women having better control rates as compared to men. Untreated hypertension is associated with stroke, myocardial infarction and renal failure. The management of hypertension in the sub region is a major challenge due to financial constraints and inadequate resources. Hypertension is struggling to gain priority as a major health threat as infectious diseases like Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis (TB) and malaria are the main focus of most public health institutions. Hypertension is largely preventable and can be easily controlled using evidence based practices such as regular exercises, decreasing salt intake, cessation of smoking and alcohol intake and the usage of antihypertensives.Non-communicable diseases such as hypertension are rapidly overtaking communicable diseases in the sub-Saharan region and pose a major health threat. There is a need to prioritize cardiovascular diseases with a focus on pragmatic prevention and control of hypertension in order to decrease the burden of the disease in the region.
PENERAPAN KONSEP LINE BALANCING UNTUK MENCAPAI EFISIENSI KERJA YANG OPTIMAL PADA SETIAP STASIUN KERJA PADA PT. HM. SAMPOERNA Tbk
Authors: Prabowo Rony
Published: April 2018

Teknik keseimbangan lintasan diperlukan dalam proses produksi, tanpa adanya keseimbangan lintasan dalam stasiun kerja maka proses produksi tidak akan berjalan secara efektif dan efiasien. Dalam proses produksinya PT. HM. Sampoerna Tbk. dihadapkan pada permasalahan keseimbangan lintasan yaitu kurangnya efisiensi pada stasiun kerja, sehingga direncanakan untuk menetukan lintasan produksi yang optimal sehingga pembebanan pada setiap stasiun kerja akan lebih merata dan mengurangi waktu menganggur.

 Metode yang digunakan adalah metode pengukuran waktu kerja dengan jam henti (stop watch) dan metode bobot posisi (Method Ranked Positional Weight). Data yang dianalisis adalah waktu yang diperlukan oleh operator untuk menyelesaikan produksi rokok dan jumlah output rate untuk produk rata-rata yang dihasilkan untuk menetapkan waktu siklus ideal. Kemudian kedua data diatas dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode bobot posisi, hingga didapatkan waktu produksi dan efiasiensi lintasan yang optimal serta stasiun kerja yang optimal pula.

 Hasil analisis menyatakan bahwa penggunaan metode keseimbangan lintasan, perusahaan dapat mencapai efisiensi lintasan sebesar 68,54% dan mengurangi ketidakseimbangan (balance delay) sebesar 42,02% dari 73,48% menjadi 31,46% Dan target produksi sebanyak 240box/hari dapat terpenuhi.
PENGENDALIAN PERSEDIAAN DAN PENJADWALAN PASOKAN BAHAN BAKU IMPORT DENGAN METODE ABC ANALYSIS DI PT UNILEVER INDONESIA, CIKARANG, JAWA BARAT
Authors: Afianti Happy Fauzi , Azwir Hery Hamdi
Published: April 2018

Inventory control becomes a very important activity in a company because the cost of inventory can reach about 20% to 40% of the total annual value. Inventory is a capital or company asset consist of raw materials, work in process and finished product. Currently, the value of inventory at PT Unilever Indonesia Savory Factory has exceeded the maximum target of the company but some raw materials have shortage or stock-out, meaning that the current inventory condition is inefficient because the company invests too much in inventory but the shortage of inventory for certain raw materials still occurs. This is the reason why it is necessary to improve inventory efficiency. Improvements were made by utilizing ABC inventory analysis method and arranging and scheduling raw material supply as needed, then making priority scale of raw material improvement on ABC inventory analysis based on class A, B and C. The research was continued by rescheduling the tracking delivery and counting time frozen horizon which is the amount of time it takes raw materials during the distribution process or delivery process, so the frozen horizon is smaller than lead time. By performing fixed order interval on class A and fixed order quantity raw materials for class B and C raw materials, the quantity of imported raw materials gradually adjust to the needs and the high value of the company’s inventory can be reduced gradually as well. The end result is the risk of shortage can be reduced as much as 26%, overstock can be reduced by 12% and in total overall value over value inventory can be decreased as much as 23%.
PEMBENTUKAN FUNGSI PENGARUH METEOROLOGI PADA PERSAMAAN GAUSS MENGGUNAKAAN SOFTWARE R
Authors: Handriyono Rachmanu Eko
Published: April 2018

Air quality model is numerical tools to describe the air quality in an urban. One of the air quality models is gaussian model. Factors that influence the gaussian equation are the sources of pollution, meteorological factors, the kinetics of reactions in the atmosphere, and land forms. These studies formed the function of the influence of meteorology on gaussian equation of traffic activities in Ahmad Yani Street, Surabaya. Meteorological factors such as wind speed and direction, the distance from the source to the receptor, and the atmosphere stability is simulated using software applications R. The purpose of this study is to establish the code foundation of software R for meteorological factors. The results showed the influence of meteorological function model using R is able to produce the work easier and faster time. The influence of meteorological function form a formulation of dispersion coefficient σy dan σz requires variables such as pollution sources and receptor coordinates, wind direction and atmospheric stability class.
C’Est Quoi, Le Français?
Authors: Calvé Pierre
Published: April 2018

Ce titre a pu en faire sursauter quelques-uns. Et pourtant, il est on ne peut plus français. Alors pourquoi la surprise? Parée que c’est un style de français qui n’est pas ici a sa place, pas plus a sa place d’ailleurs que si, m’adressant à un boo copain, je disais: “Auriez-vous l’obligeance de me faire part de vos opinions à ce sujet?”, plutôt que “Qu’est-ce que t’en penses de ça, toi?”. C’est que le mythe du français universel a été pousse au point de faire oublier qu’une langue, ce n’est pas un monument fige a jamais et décrit une fois pour toutes dans les grammaires et les dictionnaires. Voyons un moment la pyramide ci-haut. En A, se trouve la langue classique, littéraire. C’est la langue “des grands écrivains”, done de la plupart de nos grammaires, de nos dictionnaires. Ce niveau de langue, comme on le voit, constitue le sommet de la pyramide, c’est-à-dire le point commun ou se rejoignent toutes les variétés de français. C’est cet élément unificateur qui permet à n’importe quel Français lettre, ou qu’il soit et quelle que soit sa classe sociale, de lire les mêmes textes. C’est là que se rassemblent sur un même tronc les branches éparses de l’usage. Il stabilise la langue, l’empêche d’évoluer trop vite et surtout de se diversifier en une série de dialectes mutuellement inintelligibles. C’est de plus le gardien d’une riche tradition littéraire. Cependant, pour importante qu’elle soit, cette langue classique n’en demeure pas moins un monument plus ou moins fige, une couche de glace sous laquelle continue de couler la rivière.
English or French?
Authors: Wood Peter
Published: April 2018

This “non-article” is a paper prepared by a committee of North York itinerant French teachers (grade 6) for discussion at one of their recent professional development sessions.
Foreign Language Teaching in Bulgaria
Authors: Bancroft W. Jane
Published: April 2018

Bulgaria is a country that is little known in Canada, except as a Soviet satellite. During a three week’s sojourn in Bulgaria last summer, I had occasion to admire magnificent scenery and superb historical monuments, while devoting a good deal of time to interviewing language teachers and professors. From June 5 to 10, I attended a symposium on psychology and teaching methods that was held on the Black Sea and in the Bulgarian capital. The conference was organized by the Institute of Suggestology, Sofia, and included visits to experimental language classes.
Cultures, Languages and the International Smorgasbord: Musings for a New Millennium
Authors: Rivers Wilga M.
Published: April 2018

Every day we are encountering in the news the names of "new" countries and peoples we were unaware of before-new but very old, often trailing very long memories of past injustices and historic feuds, in which, it seems, we should all become involved, even though the "rights" and "wrongs" in many of these situations are far from clear to us. Meanwhile we are working to come together in new and cooperative ways in larger and larger shared-interest groups. There seems to be a tug-of-war between the desire to be what one is, or at least to have our identity at the micro level recognized and respected, and the acceptance of the many benefits that come from working (and playing) together to achieve wider ends. This tension will most likely continue to be with us into the new millenium.
Problèmes de sémiotique en L2: communication interculturelle et interaction
Authors: Myers Maria J.
Published: April 2018

In communicative language teaching, one has to deal with both pragmalinguistic components and sociopragmatic components of language. Too often learners stop processing the information as soon as a sentence makes sense without looking at cultural inferences. One has to favour a cultural verification phase since it is only through the given culture that a situational context takes on a meaning and that an interactional or discursive process will be mastered. Suggestions will be made as to how to use cultural semiotics as a basis. It looks as though cultural semiotics are the major constituant underlying interactive language use.
Metaphor Interpretations by Second Language Learners: Children and Adults
Authors: Johnson Janice M.
Published: April 2018

Metaphor plays an essential role in communication (e.g., Danesi, 1986; Lakoff & Johnson, 1980; Ortony, 1975), yet second language (12) pedagogy largely ignores the issue of metaphorical competence, focusing instead on the acquisition of literal meaning (Danesi & D' Alfonso, 1989; Discenza, 1987-88). Likewise, the comprehension and use of metaphor in 12 has received little attention in the research literature. The work of Lakoff (1987, 1993; Lakoff & Johnson, 1980) has made clear that the use of metaphor is not restricted to novel or poetic expression, but in fact is common in everyday language. For Lakoff, the metaphoric process is the means by which we map meaning across conceptual domains. Lakoff emphasizes the existence of conventional conceptual metaphors, which are part of the conceptual system underlying language. An example is the LOVE IS A JOURNEY metaphor, which is conventional in English, and allows us to talk about love using the language of travel. Here JOURNEY is the source or vehicle domain, LOVE is the target or topic domain, and the metaphor involves a mapping from the source to the target. Examples of use of this metaphor include 'we've come a long way,' 'we can't keep going the way we're going,' 'our relationship has gone off track,' 'we've hit a dead end,' and so forth (Lakoff, 1993; Lakoff & Johnson, 1980). According to Lakoff, novel metaphors are understood via the same process as conventional metaphors - either by extension of the conventional system or by a mapping between mental images.
Vocabulary Teaching in a Grade 8 French Immersion Classroom: A Descriptive Case Study
Authors: Lapkin Sharon , Swain Merrill
Published: April 2018

There have been few descriptive studies of vocabulary teaching in second language classrooms, and only two in a French immersion setting (Swain & Carroll, 1987; Wright, 1993). Both involved descriptions of vocabulary teaching at a single grade level in multiple classrooms in an attempt to provide an overview of lexical instruction. In this paper we take an in-depth look at one effective teacher known to achieve high levels of second language proficiency in his students and who places a great deal of emphasis on vocabulary teaching and learning. From a detailed analysis of the instructional strategies used by this teacher, we hope to contribute to a framework for lexical teaching that could have broader relevance for language teaching in immersion and other classroom contexts.
Talking About Words: A Study of French as a Second Language Learners' Lexical Inferencing Procedures
Authors: Morrison Louise
Published: April 2018

Second language acquisition research on learning strategies has had a significant impact on second language instruction. The emphasis on the thoughts and behaviours that learners use to help them understand, process, and learn new information (O'Malley & Chamot, 1989) reflects the view that second language acquisition engages cognitive skills and that the development and use of learning strategies, however complex, is valid and beneficial. Many researchers and teachers have become aware of the wide range of strategies learners use, including cognitive, memory, compensation, metacognitive, affective, and social strategies (Oxford, 1990).
ESL Vocabulary Learning in a TOEFL Preparation Class: A Case Study
Authors: Lessard-Clouston Michael
Published: April 2018

Vocabulary acquisition is now receiving more attention in second language (L2) teaching owing to an increased focus on meaning within communicative approaches to language education. For students of English as a second or foreign language (ESL/EFL) who are preparing for academic studies in North America, lexical knowledge and learning strategies are especially important because 'acquiring the culture of [ their future] disciplinary community involves learning that community's specialized language' - that is, its vocabulary, as Casanave (1992, p. 159) has shown. Despite this fact, few studies have specifically addressed lexical learning in ESL teaching contexts where such students need to acquire the vocabulary and lexical learning strategies so important to them later in their academic careers. This chapter describes research that aims to help bridge this gap. The case study outlined here investigates how ESL students in a TOEFL preparation course approach their vocabulary learning, and whether their approach predicts their ESL proficiency. Following a summary of the background literature, I describe the questions addressed, methodology used, and findings of the study. A concluding discussion of the case study findings includes consideration of the implications for pedagogy and future research.
Learning English as a second language in a special school in Québec
Authors: Lightbown Patsy M. , Spada Nina
Published: April 2018

A number of schools in Québec offer intensive English as a Second Language (ESL) classes in French language schools. In most of these, francophone students have full-day ESL classes, every day for five months of one school year. In the remaining five months, they complete the other subject matter for their grade level. In the 'special school' described in this study, all students are in Grade 6 and all are in intensive ESL classes. Students use English in a variety of communicative interactions, both inside and outside the ESL classroom, throughout the school year. Students' English language performance was assessed: Little difference was found between those whose intensive ESL course was in the fall or winter terms. Results suggest that the 'ambient English' in this school permits students to achieve higher levels of English than comparable students in intensive ESL courses in schools where English is spoken only in the ESL classroom.
The influence of cerebrospinal fluid on blood coagulation and the implications for ventriculovenous shunting
Authors: Vandersteene Jelle , Baert Edward , Planckaert Guillaume M. J. , Van Den Berghe Thomas , Van Roost Dirk , Dewaele Frank , Henrotte Michaël D. M. , De Somer Filip
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVE

The effect of CSF on blood coagulation is not known. Enhanced coagulation by CSF may be an issue in thrombotic complications of ventriculoatrial and ventriculosinus shunts. This study aimed to assess the effect of CSF on coagulation and its potential effect on thrombotic events affecting ventriculovenous shunts.

METHODS

Two complementary experiments were performed. In a static experiment, the effect on coagulation of different CSF mixtures was evaluated using a viscoelastic coagulation monitor. A dynamic experiment confirmed the amount of clot formation on the shunt surface in a roller pump model.

RESULTS

CSF concentrations of 9% and higher significantly decreased the activated clotting time (ACT; 164.9 seconds at 0% CSF, 155.6 seconds at 9% CSF, and 145.1 seconds at 32% CSF). Increased clot rates (CRs) were observed starting at a concentration of 5% (29.3 U/min at 0% CSF, 31.6 U/min at 5% CSF, and 35.3 U/min at 32% CSF). The roller pump model showed a significantly greater percentage of shunt surface covered with deposits when the shunts were infused with CSF rather than Ringer’s lactate solution (90% vs 63%). The amount of clot formation at the side facing the blood flow (impact side) tended to be lower than that at the side facing away from the blood flow (wake side; 71% vs 86%).

CONCLUSIONS

Addition of CSF to blood accelerates coagulation. The CSF-blood–foreign material interaction promotes clot formation, which might result in thrombotic shunt complications. Further development of the ventriculovenous shunt technique should focus on preventing CSF-blood–foreign material interaction and stagnation of CSF in wake zones.
Sport, Austerity or Choice in Scotland: An Analysis of Direct Government Expenditure on Sport
Authors: Jarvie Grant , Birnbacher Dominik
Published: April 2018

Sport in Scotland has been a devolved area of activity since 1999. This paper seeks to examine claims that direct government expenditure on Scottish sport has been influenced by United Kingdom (UK) government austerity measures. Direct Scottish Government expenditure on sport is allocated to the Scottish national sports agency, sportscotland. An analysis of expenditure between 2008 to 2018 is used as a basis for considering whether trends in Scottish sports expenditure have been influenced by UK austerity measures alone or whether such an explanation is too simplistic. The paper concludes by suggesting that direct government expenditure on sport in Scotland cannot be explained solely as a result of UK government austerity measures between 2008 and 2018.
Exploring the Relationships between Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Yields, and Soil Properties in Cropping Systems
Authors: Behnke Gevan D. , Pittelkow Cameron M. , Nafziger Emerson D. , Villamil María B.
Published: April 2018

Relationships between greenhouse gas emissions, yields, and soil properties are not well known. Utilizing two datasets from long-term cropping systems in Illinois, USA, our we aim to address these knowledge gaps. The objective of this study was to explore the relationships between the physical and chemical properties and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of soil, and cash crop yields over a four-year time-period and following 15 years of treatment implementation in Illinois, USA. The experimental layout was a split-plot arrangement involving rotation and tillage treatments in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The studied crop rotations were continuous corn [Zea mays L.] (CCC), corn-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (CS), continuous soybean (SSS), and corn-soybean-wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] (CSW), with each phase being present for every year. The tillage options were chisel tillage (T) and no-tillage (NT). We used an array of multivariate approaches to analyze both of our datasets that included 31 soil properties, GHG emissions (N2O, CO2, and CH4) and cash crop yields. The results from our analyses indicate that N2O emissions are associated with a low soil pH, an increased Al concentration, the presence of soil nitrate throughout the growing season, an increase in plant available water (PAW) and an increased soil C concentration. Likewise, soil CO2 respiration was correlated with low pH, elevated Al concentrations, low Ca, increased PAW, higher levels of microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and lower water aggregate stability (WAS). Emissions of CH4 were associated with increased levels of MBC. Lastly, the yield index (YdI) was correlated with lower levels of soil Ca and available P and lower values of WAS. The association between high YdI and lower WAS can be attributed to tillage, as tillage lowers WAS, but increases yields in highly productive cropping systems in the Midwest.
Modeling Habitat Suitability of Migratory Birds from Remote Sensing Images Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Su Jin-He , Piao Ying-Chao , Luo Ze , Yan Bao-Ping
Published: April 2018

With the application of various data acquisition devices, a large number of animal movement data can be used to label presence data in remote sensing images and predict species distribution. In this paper, a two-stage classification approach for combining movement data and moderate-resolution remote sensing images was proposed. First, we introduced a new density-based clustering method to identify stopovers from migratory birds’ movement data and generated classification samples based on the clustering result. We split the remote sensing images into 16 × 16 patches and labeled them as positive samples if they have overlap with stopovers. Second, a multi-convolution neural network model is proposed for extracting the features from temperature data and remote sensing images, respectively. Then a Support Vector Machines (SVM) model was used to combine the features together and predict classification results eventually. The experimental analysis was carried out on public Landsat 5 TM images and a GPS dataset was collected on 29 birds over three years. The results indicated that our proposed method outperforms the existing baseline methods and was able to achieve good performance in habitat suitability prediction.
Experimental and Simulation Identification of Xanthohumol as an Inhibitor and Substrate of ABCB1
Authors: Liu Fangming , Hoag Hannah , Wu Chun , Liu Haizhou , Yin Hua , Dong Jianjun , Qian Zhonghua , Miao Feng , Liu Ming , Miao Jinlai
Published: April 2018

Xanthohumol (XN) is a well-known prenylated flavonoid found in Humulus lupulus L. It is involved in several pharmacological activities, including the sensitization of doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer (MCF-7/ADR) cells to doxorubicin (DOX) through a reduction in cell viability and stemness. In the present study, we revealed another mechanism to further explain the reverse of the drug resistance of XN. In the MCF-7/ADR cell line, we found that XN inhibited the efflux functions of ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1). We also observed that XN was a substrate of ABCB1 and stimulated its ATPase activity. Moreover, our results revealed that XN showed a synergic effect with the ABCB1 substrate colchicine (COL) in the MCF-7/ADR cell line. Further, we showed that XN bound to the central transmembrane domain (TMD) site, overlapping with the DOX binding site. This mechanism was supported by molecular modeling and simulation data, which revealed that XN bound to the ABCB1 transmembrane domain, where doxorubicin also binds, and its binding affinity was stronger than that of doxorubicin, resulting in less protein and ligand position fluctuation. These results support the XN-induced reversal of drug resistance via the inhibition of ABCB1-mediated transport of doxorubicin, stimulating ABCB1 ATPase activity and acting as a substrate of ABCB1.
CFD Simulation of Vortex Induced Vibration for FRP Composite Riser with Different Modeling Methods
Authors: Wang Chunguang , Sun Mingyu , Shankar Krishnakumar , Xing Shibo , Zhang Lu
Published: April 2018

Steel risers are widely used in offshore oil and gas industry. However, the production capacity and depths are limited due to their extreme weight and poor fatigue and corrosion resistance. Nowadays, it is confirmed that fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite risers have apparent advantages over steel risers. However, the study of vortex induced vibration (VIV) for composite risers is rarely involved. Three different risers (one steel riser and two composite risers) were compared for their VIV characteristics. The effects of 2D and 3D models and fluid–structure interaction (FSI) were considered. The models of composite risers are established by effective modulus method (EMM) and layered-structure method (LSM). It is found that 2D model are only suitable for ideal condition, while, for real situation, 3D model with FSI has to be considered. The results show that the displacements of the FRP composite risers are significantly larger than those of the steel riser, while the stresses are reversed. In addition, the distributions of the displacements and stresses depend on the geometries, material properties, top-tension force, constraints, etc. In addition, it is obvious that EMM are suitable to study the global working condition while LSM can be utilized to obtain the results in every single composite layer.
Displays Based on Dynamic Phase-Only Holography
Authors: Christmas Jamieson , Collings Neil
Published: April 2018

Static holographic displays of high quality are works of art. We are creating commercial displays using dynamic phase-only spatial light modulators (SLMs). The main advantages of this approach are light efficiency and fault tolerance. When polarized lasers are used as the illumination source, there is no requirement for polarizers in the light engine. Moreover, the illumination beam can be directed towards bright points of the image and away from dark regions. Due to the many-to-one correspondence between the pixels in the SLM and the points in the image, faults in high complexity SLMs will be annealed in the image. Compared with normal displays where etendue is of overriding importance for light efficiency, holographic displays favor small pixel devices. Smaller pixel devices generate a larger reconstruction which improves the etendue for a second stage imaging system.