bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Mathematical Modeling and an Optimization Algorithm for Marine Ship Route Planning
Authors: Huang Lili
Published: April 2023

In order to solve the problem of ship route planning at sea, we reduce the economic cost of ship navigation planning and improve the efficiency of ship navigation. As a result, the goal of this work is to delve into the mathematical modeling and the best algorithm for marine ship route planning. To begin, a mathematical model of ship route planning is created, taking into account the impact of nonuniformity in the offshore wind field on ship route planning, with the shortest ship sailing time as the goal. Based on the mathematical model, the ant colony algorithm is used to optimize the initial route of the ship. Finally, through the optimization of the ant colony algorithm, the optimal route with the shortest total length and the smaller steering angle is obtained, and the optimal ship navigation planning scheme is obtained. The simulation results show that, when compared to artificial intelligence and genetic algorithms, the optimization algorithm suggested in this research produces the best ship route planning outcomes and has the lowest economic cost, which may effectively increase the efficiency of ship route work.
The Isolation and Characterization of Goose Astrovirus Genotype 2 from Laying Hens with Nephritis in Shandong Province, China
Authors: Wei Feng , Jiang Xiaoning , He Dalin , Wang Qianqian , Diao Youxiang , Tang Yi
Published: April 2023

Goose astrovirus genotype 2 (GoAstV2), as a contagious pathogen of fatal visceral gout in goslings, has been widely distributed in major goose-producing regions in China since 2017, leading to significant economic losses to the Chinese goose industry. In this study, a novel goose astrovirus (GoAstV-SDHZ) was isolated and identified from laying hens with nephritis for the first time. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequenced genome of ORF2 gene revealed that the GoAstV-SDHZ strain clustered into Group 2 GoAstVs and shared the highest identity with the other representative GoAstV2 in the nucleotide (ORF1a: 97.2–99.7%; ORF1b: 98.4–99.8%; ORF2: 97.2–99.9%) and amino acid sequence (ORF1a: 98.2–100%; ORF1b: 98.8–99.6%; ORF2: 97.4–99.6%). In summary, this study provides the first evidence of the GoAstV2 infection in Chinese laying hens, which raises potential threat to the poultry industry in China.
Study on Control of Cumulative Risk for Submarine Tunnel Shield Construction
Authors: Meng Kang , Li Mingda , Zhou Jing
Published: April 2023

Researching the control of cumulative risk for submarine tunnel shield construction is of great significance for improving risk management capability. Firstly, the concepts of cumulative risk, fragility, and the theory of system dynamics (SD) are introduced. Secondly, the risk conduction network is established, and the risk conduction mechanism based on fragility is analyzed. Then, the cumulative risk control model is established by SD. Finally, Dalian Metro Line 5 Cross-sea Large Diameter Shield Construction Project is used to verify the model. Simulations of cumulative risk with and without control measures are compared, and the result is in line with objective facts. The correctness and effectiveness of the model are verified.
Supplementary Figure S9 from Whole-genome and Epigenomic Landscapes of Malignant Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Harboring KIT Exon 11 557–558 Deletion Mutations
Authors: Ohshima Keiichi , Nagashima Takeshi , Fujiya Keiichi , Hatakeyama Keiichi , Watanabe Yuko , Morimoto Kimiko , Kamada Fukumi , Shimoda Yuji , Ohnami Sumiko , Naruoka Akane , Serizawa Masakuni , Ohnami Shumpei , Kenmotsu Hirotsugu , Shiomi Akio , Tsubosa Yasuhiro , Bando Etsuro , Sugiura Teiichi , Sugino Takashi , Terashima Masanori , Uesaka Katsuhiko , Urakami Kenichi , Akiyama Yasuto , Yamaguchi Ken
Published: April 2023

Genome-wide relationship between DNA methylation and gene expression in malignant GISTs with KIT Δ557–558.
Supplementary Figure S10 from Whole-genome and Epigenomic Landscapes of Malignant Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Harboring KIT Exon 11 557–558 Deletion Mutations
Authors: Ohshima Keiichi , Nagashima Takeshi , Fujiya Keiichi , Hatakeyama Keiichi , Watanabe Yuko , Morimoto Kimiko , Kamada Fukumi , Shimoda Yuji , Ohnami Sumiko , Naruoka Akane , Serizawa Masakuni , Ohnami Shumpei , Kenmotsu Hirotsugu , Shiomi Akio , Tsubosa Yasuhiro , Bando Etsuro , Sugiura Teiichi , Sugino Takashi , Terashima Masanori , Uesaka Katsuhiko , Urakami Kenichi , Akiyama Yasuto , Yamaguchi Ken
Published: April 2023

Expression levels for genes involved in recurrently detected SVs.
True Diverticulum of the Gallbladder in Acute Calculous Cholangitis: A Rare Presentation
Authors: Reddy Ravikanth
Published: April 2023

A true diverticulum is a congenital rare anomaly of the gallbladder and includes all 3 layers of the gallbladder wall. The ultrasound appearance of a true diverticulum of the gallbladder is typical and clinches the diagnosis. This case report describes a 44-year-old male with features of acute calculous cholangitis and a rare presentation of an incidentally detected true gallbladder diverticulum.
Hormone Replacement Therapy after Pubertal Induction in Adolescents and Young Adults with Turner Syndrome: A Survey Study
Authors: Dowlut-McElroy Tazim , Kanakatti Shankar Roopa
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Turner syndrome (TS) is associated with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) and most adolescents and young adults (AYA) with TS require treatment with hormone replacement therapy (HRT). International consensus guidelines are unclear on the optimal formulation and dosing for HRT after pubertal induction. This study assessed current HRT practice patterns of endocrinologists and gynecologists in North America. Methods: Email listserv members of the North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology (NASPAG) and the Pediatric Endocrine Society (PES) were invited to complete a 19-question survey to assess HRT treatment preferences for the management of POI after completion of pubertal induction in AYA with TS. Descriptive analysis and multinomial logistic regression to predict factors associated with preferred HRT are presented. Results: 155 providers (79% pediatric endocrinology, 17% pediatric gynecology) completed the survey. Although 87% (135) reported confidence in prescribing HRT, only half (51%, 79) were aware of published guidelines. Factors significantly associated with preferred HRT included specialty (p = 0.032) and number of patients with TS seen every 3 months (p = 0.024). Gynecologists were 4 times less likely than endocrinologists to prefer hormonal contraceptives and 4 times more likely to favor transdermal estradiol dose of 100 μg/day as compared to lower doses. Conclusion: Although most endocrinologists and gynecologists report confidence in prescribing HRT to AYA with TS after pubertal induction, there are clear differences in provider preferences based on specialty and higher volume of patients with TS in their practice. Additional studies on comparative effectiveness of the HRT regimens and evidence-based guidelines are necessary for AYA with TS.
Filosofia e humanidades: as blindagens de uma historiografia sexista
Authors: Frateschi Yara
Published: April 2023

O presente artigo é marcado pela preocupação em alargar o chamado cânone da filosofia ocidental, patrocinada pela tradição filosófica e sua narrativa triunfalista, levada a cabo pela história da filosofia de ontem e de hoje, com sua disposição de celebrar a Filosofia mainstream e as grandes mentes masculinas, como Kant e Descartes. Trata-se de alargar o cânone filosófico e de relançar o projeto das humanidades, em defesa de uma “história da filosofia aberta e feminista”, tendo ao centro Elisabeth da Bohemia, Emilie du Châtelet, Madame de Scudéry e Madeleine de Sablé, além de Macaulay e Christine de Pizan.
Entrevista com Luiz Felipe de Alencastro
Authors: Alencastro Luiz Felipe de , Barossi Joana , Pimenta Pedro Paulo
Published: April 2023

Entrevista com Luiz Felipe de Alencastro
Entrevista com Leon Kossovitch
Authors: Kossovitch Leon , Galé Pedro Fernandes , Pimenta Pedro Paulo , Brandão Yuri Ulbricht
Published: April 2023

Entrevista com Leon Kossovitch
Fragmentação e colapso de públicos em rede
Authors: Ribeiro Márcio Moretto
Published: April 2023

A esfera pública, especialmente em países periféricos, se formou de maneira seletiva, marginalizando diversos públicos alternativos ou contrapúblicos. Argumentamos que as mídias sociais têm efeitos contraditórios na formação de contrapúblicos e na sua relação com os públicos hegemônicos. Por um lado, as mídias sociais promovem a fragmentação dos públicos e o encontro de pessoas com interesses e características comuns, facilitando a formação e expansão de contrapúblicos. Por outro, elas oferecem um espaço híbrido entre o público e o privado, em que diferentes contextos estão colapsados, provocando constantes choques entre públicos conflitantes.
Thoracic Spinal Cord Neuroinflammation as a Novel Therapeutic Target in Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Razee Asif , Banerjee Somanshu , Hong Jason , Magaki Shino , Fishbein Greg , Ajijola Olujimi A. , Umar Soban
Published: April 2023

Background:

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with aberrant sympathoexcitation leading to right ventricular failure (RVF), arrhythmias, and death. Microglial activation and neuroinflammation have been implicated in sympathoexcitation in experimental PH. We recently reported the first evidence of thoracic spinal cord (TSC) neuroinflammation in PH rats. Here, we hypothesize that PH is associated with increased cardiopulmonary afferent signaling leading to TSC-specific neuroinflammation and sympathoexcitation. Furthermore, inhibition of TSC neuroinflammation rescues experimental PH and RVF.

Methods:

We performed transcriptomic analysis and its validation on the TSC of monocrotaline (n=8) and Sugen hypoxia (n=8) rat models of severe PH-RVF. A group of monocrotaline rats received either daily intrathecal microglial activation inhibitor minocycline (200 μg/kg per day, n=5) or PBS (n=5) from day 14 through 28. Echocardiography and right ventricle-catheterization were performed terminally. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR, immunolocalization, microglia+astrocyte quantification, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling were assessed. Plasma catecholamines were measured by ELISA. Human spinal cord autopsy samples (Control n=3; pulmonary arterial hypertension n=3) were assessed to validate preclinical findings.

Results:

Increased cardiopulmonary afferent signaling was demonstrated in preclinical and clinical PH. Our findings delineated common dysregulated genes and pathways highlighting neuroinflammation and apoptosis in the remodeled TSC and highlighted increased sympathoexcitation in both rat models. Moreover, we validated significantly increased microglial and astrocytic activation and CX3CL1 expression in TSC of human pulmonary arterial hypertension. Finally, amelioration of TSC neuroinflammation by minocycline in monocrotaline rats inhibited microglial activation, decreased proinflammatory cytokines, sympathetic nervous system activation and significantly attenuated PH and RVF.

Conclusions:

Targeting neuroinflammation and associated molecular pathways and genes in the TSC may yield novel therapeutic strategies for PH and RVF.
Frequency and Size of In Situ Thrombus Within Patent Foramen Ovale
Authors: Yan Chaowu , Li Hua , Wang Cheng , Yu Hang , Guo Tingting , Wan Linyuan , Yundan Pingcuo , Wang Lei , Fang Wei
Published: April 2023

Background:

High-resolution optical coherence tomography can detect in situ thrombi within patent foramen ovale (PFO), which can become a dangerous embolic source. This study aimed to investigate the frequency and size of in situ thrombus within PFO using optical coherence tomography.

Methods:

The cross-sectional study was conducted at Fuwai Hospital (Beijing, China) between 2020 and 2021. From 528 consecutive patients with PFO, 117 (age, 34.33 [SD, 11.30] years) without known vascular risk factors were included; according to PFO-related symptoms, they were divided into the stroke (n=43, including 5 patients with transient ischemic attack), migraine (n=49) and asymptomatic (n=25) groups. Optical coherence tomography was used to evaluate in situ thrombi and abnormal endocardium within PFO. Univariable analysis and a logistic model were used to evaluate the association between stroke and in situ thrombus; age, sex, body mass index, and antithrombotic therapy were included as covariates.

Results:

Antithrombotic therapy was used more frequently in the stroke group than in the migraine group (76.7% versus 12.2%;
P
<0.001). In situ PFO thrombi were detected in 36 (83.7%), 28 (57.1%), and 0 (0.0%) patients from the stroke, migraine, and asymptomatic groups, respectively (
P
<0.001). Between the stroke and migraine groups, there was no significant difference in the median (interquartile range) thrombus number per patient (7 [3–12] versus 2 [0–10];
P
=0.199), maximum thrombus diameter (0.35 [0.20–0.46] versus 0.21 [0–0.68] mm;
P
=0.597), or total thrombus volume (0.02 [0.01–0.05] versus 0.01 [0–0.05] mm
3
;
P
=0.386). Additionally, in situ thrombus was significantly associated with stroke risk (odds ratio, 4.59 [95% CI, 1.26–16.69]). Abnormal endocardium within PFO occurred in patients with in situ thrombi (71.9%) but not in those without. During optical coherence tomography examination, migraine occurred in 2 patients with in situ thrombi.

Conclusions:

The frequency of in situ thrombus was extremely high in stroke and migraine groups, while none of the asymptomatic individuals presented with an in situ thrombus. In situ thrombus formation may play a role in patients with PFO-associated stroke or migraines and have therapeutic implications.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04686253.
Natural Resource Rents, Local Taxes, and Government Performance: Evidence from Colombia
Authors: Martínez Luis R.
Published: April 2023

I compare the impact of local tax revenue and royalties from the extraction of natural resources on governance in Colombian municipalities, leveraging plausibly exogenous variation from cadastral updates and fluctuations in the world price of oil. Higher tax revenue has a larger effect on local public goods in the areas of education, health, and water than a same-sized increase in oil royalties, despite earmarking of royalties for spending in these areas. Higher tax revenue also reduces the probability of a disciplinary prosecution against the municipal mayor, while the opposite is true for royalties, particularly for misbehavior related to public spending.
Sibling Differences in Genetic Propensity for Education: How Do Parents React?
Authors: Sanz-de-Galdeano Anna , Terskaya Anastasia
Published: April 2023

We take advantage of recent advances in genomics to revisit a classic question in economics: how do parents respond to children's endowments and to sibling differences in endowments? We use an index based on DNA, which is fixed at conception and assigned randomly across siblings, as a proxy for educational endowments. We find that parents of nontwins display inequality aversion: given the absolute endowment level of one child, they invest less in him/her if his/her sibling has a lower genetic predisposition to education. In contrast, we find no evidence that parents of dizygotic twins react to endowment differences between children.
High-Skill Migration, Multinational Companies and the Location of Economic Activity
Authors: Morales Nicolas
Published: April 2023

This paper aims to understand the relationship between high-skill immigration and multinational activity. I assemble a novel firm-level dataset on high-skill visas and show that there is a large home bias effect: foreign multinationals hire more immigrants from their home countries than from other origins. I then build and estimate a quantitative model that relates multinational production with immigration. First, I impose a restrictive immigration policy in the US and evaluate how it affects production and wages. Second, I increase the barriers to multinational production and show that immigration is an important channel to quantify the welfare gains generated by multinationals.
Psychological predictors of procrastination among psychology students
Authors: Boyarinov Dmitry M. , Gubaidulina Lyudmila M. , Novikova Yuliana A. , Kachina Anastasia A. , Barabanshchikova Valentina V.
Published: April 2023

Background. Nowadays procrastination can be seen as irrational procrastination, ine\ective planning or, more broadly, unproductive self-regulation. In modern scienti]c literature, there are no convincing data that would clarify both the nature of the procrastination phenomenon and the psychological predictors of its occurrence. ^e analysis of the relationship between procrastination and a number of psychological characteristics presented in this paper makes it possible to ]ll this gap. Objective. ^e study aims to identify psychological predictors of procrastination in educational activities among psychology students in di\erent learning conditions (full-time and distance learning). Sample. ^e study involved 460 students of the Faculty of Psychology at Lomonosov Moscow State University (42 male and 418 female) aged 16 to 28 years (average age — 19.63), who participated in the study. Methods. ^e study was conducted in two stages — (I) full-time and (II) distance learning. 2 sections were made at each of the stages: (1) under normal conditions during the semester and (2) under stressful conditions during the examination session. Research methods included the scale of general procrastination by K. Lay (Varvaricheva, 2010); the scale of general procrastination by B. Tukman (Kryukova, 2009) and a number of methods aimed at assessing the psychological characteristics of respondents (anxiety, perfectionism, laziness, chronic stress). Results. ^e obtained regression models indicate that procrastination can be considered as disturbed self-organization: initiating and planning one’s actions, irrational postponing (control over action during planning, laziness and personal anxiety acted as predictors to procrastination). When changing the conditions of activity (distance learning), procrastination can act as a strategy of “saving strength” in a situation of increased consumption of internal resources. In this case, the predictors of procrastination are signs of chronic stress and low demands on oneself (low perfectionism). Conclusion. ^e predictors of procrastination in psychology students under normal learning conditions include low control over action during planning, laziness and high personal anxiety. In a distance learning setting, predictors of procrastination include low standards and self-requirements (low perfectionism) and chronic stress.
Risks for the psychological security of personality in the context of digital educational technologies introduced into vocational training
Authors: Khudyakova Tatiana L. , Gridyaeva Lyudmila N. , Klepach Julia V. , Petrosyants Violetta R.
Published: April 2023

Background. Studying personal security during vocational training as a part of psychological security in the context of a wide spread of digital educational technologies emerges from the contradiction in signi_cance between the conditions of professional formation and the formation of students’ personality. It is also noted that the data on psychological security in modern conditions that provide for the active implementation of digital educational technologies are insu`cient. Objective. ae study aims to analyze the risks to the psychological security of the individual in the context of digital educational technologies applied in vocational training. Sample. ae materials were obtained on a sample of students of higher educational settings in Voronezh. ae study involved 2237 females (84.6%), 406 (15.4%) males. ae average age of students was 20.21±3.70 years. ae total sample size was 2643 subjects. Methods. ae empirical study was carried out with psychodiagnostic methods. aose included the “Psychological safety of the educational environment in school” by I.A. Bayeva (a modi_ed version for higher education) and a questionnaire for express diagnostics of risks and threats to the psychological safety in educational environment while introducing digital educational technologies as developed by a research team led by T.L. Khudyakova. Results. It is established that students note a high level of psychological security both in the absence of active introduction of digital technologies into the educational process, and in its presence. ae risks to psychological safety of students at the stage of vocational training in the context of digital education introduction include a decrease in the level of reference of the environment for students and satisfaction with the main characteristics of interaction, personal risks and health risks (physical and psychological). Psychological security of students’ personality in professional education is characterized by a decrease in all its parameters when digital educational technologies are being introduced. Conclusion. ae key features of the psychological security of students’ personality during vocational training in the conditions digital educational technologies are shown. Implementation of these technologies has a signi_cant impact on students’ assessment of risks and threats in the educational environment. Signi_cantly lower indicators of psychological security in students’ personality have been established during the introduction of digital educational technologies. Practical application of the results. ae results of the study can be used in practice of organizing psychological and pedagogical support to maintain psychological safety of students obtaining professional education in the context of the spread of digital educational technologies.
Tanytarsus van der Wulp (Chironomidae, Diptera): new species from the western Amazon region in Peru and Brazil, new records from the Neotropics, and remarks on the taxonomy of the genus
Authors: DANTAS GALILEU P.S. , HAMADA NEUSA , GIŁKA WOJCIECH
Published: April 2023

This research is focused on the diversity and systematics of Neotropical non-biting midges of the genus Tanytarsus van der Wulp, 1874, based on specimens collected from pristine areas of the western Amazon region in Peru and Brazil. Six new species are described: Tanytarsus aries sp. nov. (Peru), T. chicomendesi sp. nov. (Brazil, Acre), T. kaxinawa sp. nov. (Brazil, Acre; Peru), T. pinedoi sp. nov. (Peru), T. serra sp. nov. (Peru), and T. frameatus sp. nov. (Peru), the latter placed in the Tanytarsus hastatus species group, here defined. Data on several recently described Neotropical Tanytarsus, obtained by analyzing specimens recorded from different regions of Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Federal District, Pará, São Paulo, Tocantins) are appended, and remarks on the taxonomy and variations of their diagnostic structures are provided. Tanytarsus pollicis Reis, Lin et Ferreira-Keppler, 2022 is treated as a new synonym of Tanytarsus insolens Dantas et Giłka, 2017. Further two species, Tanytarsus marianae Reis, Lin et Ferreira-Keppler, 2022 and Tanytarsus rafaeli Reis, Lin et Ferreira-Keppler, 2022 are placed in the Tanytarsus kiche group. The Tanytarsus curvicristatus group is also supplemented with Tanytarsus giovannii Sanseverino et Trivinho-Strixino, 2010.
Notes on the taxonomy revision of poorly known of tribe Eremini Cadena-Castañeda, 2019 from China (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae: Gryllacridinae)
Authors: YIN ZI-XU , SHEN SI-ZHONG
Published: April 2023

The Chinese species of Eremini Cadena-Castañeda (2019) are revised in this study. Eremus rugosifrons Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888 is examined. Haplogryllacris bilobulata Ingrish, 2018 is initially recorded from China, and the male morphology and habitus of H. bilobulata are described and illustrated for the first time. Gryllacris (Pardogryllacris) deminuta (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888) becomes a new combination from Haplogryllacris Karny, 1937. Larnaca (Larnaca) lincangensis (Yang, Jing & Bian, 2020) becomes a new combination from Eremus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888, and the female morphology of L. (L.) lincangensis is described and illustrated for the first time.
Developing Impacts-Based Drought Thresholds for Ohio
Authors: Zhang Ning , Li Zhiying , Quiring Steven M.
Published: April 2023

Drought monitoring is critical for managing agriculture and water resources and for triggering state emergency response plans and hazard mitigation activities. Fixed thresholds serve as guidelines for the U.S. Drought Monitor (USDM). However, fixed drought thresholds (i.e., using the same threshold in all seasons and climate regions) may not properly reflect local conditions and impacts. Therefore, this study develops impacts-based drought thresholds that are appropriate for drought monitoring in Ohio. We examined four drought indices that are currently used by the state of Ohio: standardized precipitation index (SPI), standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), Palmer’s Z index, and Palmer hydrological drought index (PHDI). Streamflow and corn yield are used as indicators of hydrological and agricultural drought impacts, respectively. Our results show that fixed thresholds tend to indicate milder drought conditions in Ohio, while the proposed impacts-based drought thresholds are more sensitive to exceptional drought (D4) conditions. The area percentage of D4 based on impacts-based drought thresholds is more strongly correlated with corn yield and streamflow. This study provides a methodology for developing local impacts-based drought thresholds that can be applied to other regions where long-term drought impact records exist to provide regionally representative depictions of conditions and improve drought monitoring.
The Prediction of Supercooled Large Drops by a Microphysics and a Machine Learning Model for the ICICLE Field Campaign
Authors: Jensen Anders A. , Weeks Courtney , Xu Mei , Landolt Scott , Korolev Alexei , Wolde Mengistu , DiVito Stephanie
Published: April 2023

The prediction of supercooled large drops (SLD) from the Thompson–Eidhammer (TE) microphysics scheme—run as part of the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model—is evaluated with observations from the In-Cloud Icing and Large drop Experiment (ICICLE) field campaign. These observations are also used to train a random forest machine learning (ML) model, which is then used to predict SLD from several variables derived from HRRR model output. Results provide insight on the limitations and benefits of each model. Generally, the ML model results in an increase in the probability of detection (POD) and false alarm rate (FAR) of SLD compared to prediction from TE microphysics. Additionally, the POD of SLD increases with increasing forecast lead time for both models, likely since clouds and precipitation have more time to develop as forecast length increases. Since SLD take time to develop in TE microphysics and may be poorly represented in short-term (<3 h) forecasts, the ML model can provide improved short-term guidance on supercooled large-drop icing conditions. Results also show that TE microphysics predicts a frequency of SLD in cold (<−10°C) or high ice water content (IWC) environments that is too low compared to observations, whereas the ML model better captures the relative frequency of SLD in these environments.
Assessment of adverse childhood experiences, undernutrition symptoms and gender among sample of medical students in Fallujah University – Iraq: A preliminary study
Authors: Al Shawi Ameel F. , Al Diwan Jawad K.
Published: April 2023

Background:

Adverse childhood experiences is considered as major risk factor for several health problems and diseases during adulthood, such as hypertension, IHD, and eating disorders. The aim of current study was to measure the association between ACEs and malnutrition symptoms among sample of medical students in Fallujah University.

Methods:

A convenience sample was used to recruit the participants; the data collection was carried out during December 2022. The questionnaire consisted from questions for demographical variables, questions for adverse childhood experiences and Short Nutritional Questionnaire was used for assessing the undernutrition symptoms among the subjects.

Results:

Female subjects consisted 62.8% of the sample, 28.3% of the students had zero score of adverse childhood experience, 13% of the subjects had one score of ACEs and 45% of the participants had four or more of ACEs score. There was a statistically non- significant association between exposure to ACEs and undernutrition symptoms, p > .05. The logistic regression model revealed that female subjects had a risk of five folds for loss of appetite compare to male subjects (OR = 5.58, 95% CI [2.18, 14.31]). The females also had three folds for using nutritional supplement due to nutritional deficiencies compare to males (OR = 3.28, 95% CI [1.33, 8.1]).

Conclusion:

ACEs was not associated with undernutrition symptoms. Gender is significantly related with loss of appetite and using the nutritional supplement.
Evaluating Shale Gas Sweet Spots of the Jurassic Da'anzhai Member in the Yuanba Area, Sichuan Basin
Authors: Li Qianwen , Liu Zhongbao , Chen Feiran , Liu Guangxiang , Zhang Dianwei , Li Peng , Wang Pengwei
Published: April 2023

Terrestrial shale strata generally has frequent and strong heterogeneity characteristics, thus affecting shale gas enrichment and target selection. In this study, samples from the Da’anzhai Member of Well A in Yuanba area have performed a series of experiments including total organic carbon ( TOC) content measurement, rock pyrolysis, organic petrology, vitrinite reflectance ( Ro), whole-rock mineral composition, thin section analysis, focused ion beam scanning electron microscope, high-pressure Hg injection, nitrogen (N2) adsorption, and methane (CH4) isothermal adsorption. The results show that: (1) Da'anzhai (J1da) Member is a set of mixed sediments with various lithology, which consists of black shale and well-developed siltstone and carbonate rocks interlayers. The second section of the Da'anzhai Member (J1da2) has relatively greater organic matter abundance (1.24% TOC), better organic matter type dominated by type III and II, as well as higher maturity (1.67% Ro), which is the most favorable section of J1da. (2) J1da2 shale strata can be divided into three shale lithofacies types, two interlayer lithofacies types, and three macro-lithofacies assemblage types. Among them, mudstone–limestone lithofacies assemblage (type AB-I) has preferable hydrocarbon generation conditions, better reservoir properties, and more developed shell limestone interlayers with better fracturing performance, is thought the most favorable interval. (3) The optimal interval and horizontal target of J1da2 are further selected based on the source–reservoir coupling relationship, corresponding to the depth is 3909–3914 m, which imply the optimal horizontal target window for Well A. This study has application values not only for the identification of “sweet intervals” and well location deployment of J1da but also supports the later systematic studies of shale gas accumulation mechanism and enrichment regularity in Yuanba area.
The associations between prognostic awareness and health-related quality of life among patients with advanced cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Ng Sean , Ozdemir Semra
Published: April 2023

Background:

Prognostic awareness among patients with advanced cancer is important for better palliative and end-of-life care. However, the relationships between prognostic awareness and patient health-related quality of life outcomes remain inconsistent across studies. Critically synthesizing empirical literature will allow for a better understanding of these associations.

Aim:

To investigate the associations between prognostic awareness and health-related quality of life outcomes among patients with advanced cancer.

Design:

This study was a systematic review, prospectively registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020177228).

Data sources:

Seven databases (PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Central, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science) were searched in March 2022. Cross-sectional and longitudinal empirical studies in English were included regardless of cancer type or publication date.

Results:

We identified 1338 articles and included 36 for review. A substantial proportion of patients remained prognostically unaware (50%). Prognostic awareness was either not significantly associated (48%) or associated with worsened (40%) outcomes. These associations were found to vary (e.g., be differently associated with improved, worsened, or non-significant health-related quality of life outcomes) based on the definition of prognostic awareness used and the population sampled (Asian vs Western). Few structured, validated questionnaires were used and only three studies investigated how the associations evolved over time.

Conclusions:

To facilitate better understanding of the relationships between prognostic awareness and health-related quality of life, future research must focus on developing a standardized, “gold standard” measurement of prognostic awareness. Research should also examine the influence of culture and the evolution of these relationships longitudinally.
Optimal power flow analysis including stochastic renewable energy sources using modified ant lion optimization algorithm
Authors: Saini Abhishek , Rahi Om Prakash
Published: April 2023

The optimal power flow is one of the major area in economic and efficient dispatch of electric power. This research article presents a swarm-based optimization algorithm, known as Modified Ant Lion Optimization (MALO) algorithm to solve optimal power flow (OPF) problems. A holistic approach has been used including thermal, wind, solar, and hydro power plants and results shows minimization of cost, losses, and voltage deviation that amounts for novelty of this paper. The MALO algorithm is validated on IEEE 30-bus and IEEE 57-bus systems, and the result are compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms. It is found that proposed algorithm provides better OPF solutions when compared with other mentioned algorithm namely Antlion Optimization, Graw Wolf Optimization, Salp Swarm Algorithm, and Grasshopper Optimization. The MALO algorithm is useful for electric utilities, researcher, and power system operation.
Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis in Cardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study to Analyze the Effects of SUP Cessation
Authors: Mekhail Andrew , Young Paul , Mekhail Ann-Marie , Tinawi Georges , Haran Cheyaanthan , Clayton Nicholas , Galvin Sean
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is an important complication among critically ill adults, especially those having cardiac surgery as management is complicated by the requirement for antiplatelet/anticoagulant therapy. As a result, stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) has become routine practice in many centers, utilizing either proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or histamine-2 receptor blockers (H2RBs). Recent evidence from the PEPTIC trial indicated an increase in mortality risk among cardiac surgery patients receiving PPIs compared to H2RBs. Considering these findings, alongside practical difficulties surrounding the transition to H2RBs as a prophylactic agent in New Zealand, Wellington Hospital intensive care unit elected to discontinue routine PPI use for SUP in cardiac surgery patients. A retrospective study was conducted to assess patient outcomes following the discontinuation of routine SUP.

Method

A retrospective cohort study was conducted of all adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery at Wellington Hospital between February/2018 and January/2022, and divided patients into cohorts before and after the discontinuation of routine use of SUP on the 31st of January 2020. The primary outcomes were the rate of UGIB, oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) and 180-day postoperative mortality. Secondary outcomes included rates of postoperative Clostridium difficile enteritis, pneumonia, deep sternal wound infection, and length of stay of the index admission.

Results

The rate of UGIB statistically significantly increased since the cessation of routine SUP in January 2020 (2.4% vs 5.4%, P-value = .004). This finding was mirrored with the increased rates of OGD (1.9% vs 4.0%, P-value = .005). There were no significant changes in 180-day mortality, hospital length of stay, or any of the postoperative infective complications analyzed, pneumonia, deep sternal wound infection, or C difficile enteritis.

Conclusion

This study suggests an association between routine use of SUP and reduced rates of clinically significant UGIB and OGD requirements in cardiac surgery patients without increasing risk of infective complications or postoperative mortality.
Expandable Sendai-Virus-Reprogrammed Human iPSC-Neuronal Precursors: In Vivo Post-Grafting Safety Characterization in Rats and Adult Pig
Authors: Kobayashi Yoshiomi , Shigyo Michiko , Platoshyn Oleksandr , Marsala Silvia , Kato Tomohisa , Takamura Naoki , Yoshida Kenji , Kishino Akiyoshi , Bravo-Hernandez Mariana , Juhas Stefan , Juhasova Jana , Studenovska Hana , Proks Vladimir , Driscoll Shawn P. , Glenn Thomas D. , Pfaff Samuel L. , Ciacci Joseph D. , Marsala Martin
Published: April 2023

One of the challenges in clinical translation of cell-replacement therapies is the definition of optimal cell generation and storage/recovery protocols which would permit a rapid preparation of cell-treatment products for patient administration. Besides, the availability of injection devices that are simple to use is critical for potential future dissemination of any spinally targeted cell-replacement therapy into general medical practice. Here, we compared the engraftment properties of established human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)-derived neural precursor cell (NPCs) line once cells were harvested fresh from the cell culture or previously frozen and then grafted into striata or spinal cord of the immunodeficient rat. A newly developed human spinal injection device equipped with a spinal cord pulsation-cancelation magnetic needle was also tested for its safety in an adult immunosuppressed pig. Previously frozen NPCs showed similar post-grafting survival and differentiation profile as was seen for freshly harvested cells. Testing of human injection device showed acceptable safety with no detectable surgical procedure or spinal NPCs injection-related side effects.
The Future of Public Health Must be Radical: Incorporating Racial Capitalism
Authors: Flores Yesnely Anacari , Greenwood Harris Munger
Published: April 2023

Racism impedes the health of communities of color and, more recently, has been declared a public health crisis. Social uprisings in response to the police brutalities in the summer of 2020 have further pushed public health as a discipline to recognize racism as a public health issue. We argue that, as a discipline, we must challenge ourselves to move toward radical public health to achieve health equity. Radical public health requires future and current public health practitioners to discuss the root of health inequities, which we identify as racial capitalism. We (a) discuss racial capitalism and its intersection with public health and (b) critique current anti-racist pedagogy with recommendations on how to move forward. Future public health practitioners must acquaint themselves with racial capitalism and use it as a lens to see all public health problems if they are to dismantle structural racism that perpetuates health inequities.
Socioeconomic disparities in adolescent anxiety and depression in Finland have not increased during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kaltiala Riittakerttu , Aalto-Setälä Terhi , Kiviruusu Olli
Published: April 2023

Aims:

The purpose of this research was to assess whether socioeconomic disparities in adolescent depression and anxiety in Finland increased among middle adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

Repeated cross-sectional surveys (the School Health Promotion Study) from spring 2019 and spring 2021 were compared. The respondents were 87,283 eighth and ninth graders (14–16-year-olds) in 2019 and 91,560 in 2021, corresponding respectively to 73% and 75% of the age groups. Depression was measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2), and anxiety with GAD-7, and adverse socioeconomic background using low parental education, not living with both parents, and family’s poor financial situation. Associations of socioeconomic adversities with depression and generalised anxiety, and the effect of COVID-19 (2021 vs 2019), were analysed using logistic regression.

Results:

Depression and anxiety were more common in both sexes the more sociodemographic adversities there were in the adolescent’s background. However, increases in the prevalence of anxiety and depression from pre- to in-pandemic time did not differ with accumulating sociodemographic adversities.

Conclusions:

Depression and anxiety increased in prevalence among Finnish adolescents during the pandemic. Sociodemographic disparities in depression and anxiety show no increase. Emotional symptoms are nevertheless more common in adolescents from lower socioeconomic status families.
Effects of online shopping channel and price discount on near-expiry food sales
Authors: Lee Jae Young , Choi Kang Jun , Kwack So Yean
Published: April 2023

Consumers have an aversion to purchasing near-expiry food products, which leads to enormous food waste and economic loss. Given the importance of this issue, past research has studied the effect of impending expiration date on product sales, but its focus has been limited to perishable food products. Since the expiration dates of non-perishable food products are treated as less important than those of perishable food products, we expect that the resulting effect on sales largely varies by shopping environment. With the growing importance of online shopping in food sales, we examine how the effect of impending expiration date differs between mobile and PC shopping environments. By analyzing a unique data set from an online salvage store, we find that consumer aversion toward near-expiry products is more salient in the PC shopping environment than in the mobile shopping environment. However, when there is a deeper price promotion, the between-channel difference is reduced as the sensitivity of an impending expiration date on sales increases in the mobile shopping environment. These findings not only represent novel contributions to the literature but also provide managerial implications for practitioners.
Habitual physical activity improves vagal cardiac modulation and carotid baroreflex function in elderly women
Authors: Cai Ming , Wang Hong , Kline Geoffrey , Ding Yanfeng , Ross Sarah E , Davis Sandra , Mallet Robert T , Shi Xiangrong
Published: April 2023

The impact of habitual physical activity on vagal-cardiac function and baroreflex sensitivity in elderly women is poorly characterized. This study compared vagal-cardiac modulation and carotid baroreflex (CBR) function in eight physically active (67.6 ± 1.9 years; peak O2 uptake 29.1 ± 2.5 mL/min/kg) versus eight sedentary (67.3 ± 1.8 years; peak O2 uptake 18.6 ± 0.9 mL/min/kg) elderly women. Heart rate (HR) variabilities and maximal changes of HR and mean arterial pressure (MAP) elicited by 5-s pressure pulses between +40 and −80 mmHg applied to the carotid sinus were measured at rest and during carotid baroreceptor unloading effected by −15 mmHg lower-body negative pressure (LBNP). HR variability was greater in active than sedentary women in both low (0.998 ± 0.286 versus 0.255 ± 0.063 bpm2; P = 0.036) and high (0.895 ± 0.301 versus 0.156 ± 0.045 bpm2; P = 0.044) frequency domains. CBR-HR gains (bpm/mmHg) were greater (fitness factor P < 0.001) in active versus sedentary women at rest (−0.146 ± 0.014 versus −0.088 ± 0.011) and during LBNP (−0.105 ± 0.014 versus −0.065 ± 0.008). CBR-MAP gains (mmHg/mmHg) tended to be greater (fitness factor P = 0.077) in active versus sedentary women at rest (−0.132 ± 0.013 versus −0.110 ± 0.011) and during LBNP (−0.129 ± 0.015 versus −0.113 ± 0.013). However, LBNP did not potentiate CBR-MAP gains in either sedentary or active women (LBNP factor P = 0.94), and it depressed CBR-HR gains in both groups (LBNP factor P = 0.003). CBR-HR gains in the sedentary women did not differ (sex factor P = 0.65) from gains reported in age-matched sedentary men, although CBR-MAP gains tended to be greater (sex factor P = 0.109) in the men. Thus, tonic vagal modulation indicated by HR variability and dynamic vagal responses assessed by CBR-HR gain were augmented in physically active women. Enhanced vagal-cardiac function may protect against senescence-associated cardiac electrical and hemodynamic instability in elderly women.
Seasonal variation and disease distribution of cytophagocytic mononuclear cells in synovial fluid: A medical record study
Authors: Oliviero Francesca , Galozzi Paola , Padoan Andrea , Lorenzin Mariagrazia , Scanu Anna , Ramonda Roberta
Published: April 2023

Cytophagocytic mononuclear (CPM) cells, previously known as Reiter’s cells, are macrophages containing apoptotic polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Although they can be found in synovial fluid (SF) from different arthropathies, their role remains unclear. This study was performed to determine the frequency and disease distribution of CPM cells in SF in a large cohort of patients with rheumatic diseases over a 12-year period. We also investigated the seasonal variation in their incidence. This record review study included the reports pertaining to SF analyses performed between January 2010 and December 2021. Data were retrieved from the charts of inpatients and outpatients at Rheumatology and Emergency Departments of Padova. The total number of SF samples containing CPM cells was 189: 69% was from patients with seronegative spondyloarthritis (SpA), thus indicating a strong association between CPM cells and SpA. SF samples containing CPM cells were predominantly inflammatory. Our analyses demonstrated a 6-month cyclical fluctuation in concentrations of CPM cells, with an increase in spring and autumn. The presence of CPM cells in SF might offer diagnostic insight into the definition of SpA. Further studies are warranted to ascertain the link between CPM cells and the apoptotic process, shedding light on the mechanisms leading to their formation.