bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Roadmap on Label‐Free Super‐Resolution Imaging
Authors: Astratov Vasily N. , Sahel Yair Ben , Eldar Yonina C. , Huang Luzhe , Ozcan Aydogan , Zheludev Nikolay , Zhao Junxiang , Burns Zachary , Liu Zhaowei , Narimanov Evgenii , Goswami Neha , Popescu Gabriel , Pfitzner Emanuel , Kukura Philipp , Hsiao Yi‐Teng , Hsieh Chia‐Lung , Abbey Brian , Diaspro Alberto , LeGratiet Aymeric , Bianchini Paolo , Shaked Natan T. , Simon Bertrand , Verrier Nicolas , Debailleul Matthieu , Haeberlé Olivier , Wang Sheng , Liu Mengkun , Bai Yeran , Cheng Ji‐Xin , Kariman Behjat S. , Fujita Katsumasa , Sinvani Moshe , Zalevsky Zeev , Li Xiangping , Huang Guan‐Jie , Chu Shi‐Wei , Tzang Omer , Hershkovitz Dror , Cheshnovsky Ori , Huttunen Mikko J. , Stanciu Stefan G. , Smolyaninova Vera N. , Smolyaninov Igor I. , Leonhardt Ulf , Sahebdivan Sahar , Wang Zengbo , Luk'yanchuk Boris , Wu Limin , Maslov Alexey V. , Jin Boya , Simovski Constantin R. , Perrin Stephane , Montgomery Paul , Lecler Sylvain
Published: October 2023

Label‐free super‐resolution (LFSR) imaging relies on light‐scattering processes in nanoscale objects without a need for fluorescent (FL) staining required in super‐resolved FL microscopy. The objectives of this Roadmap are to present a comprehensive vision of the developments, the state‐of‐the‐art in this field, and to discuss the resolution boundaries and hurdles that need to be overcome to break the classical diffraction limit of the label‐free imaging. The scope of this Roadmap spans from the advanced interference detection techniques, where the diffraction‐limited lateral resolution is combined with unsurpassed axial and temporal resolution, to techniques with true lateral super‐resolution capability that are based on understanding resolution as an information science problem, on using novel structured illumination, near‐field scanning, and nonlinear optics approaches, and on designing superlenses based on nanoplasmonics, metamaterials, transformation optics, and microsphere‐assisted approaches. To this end, this Roadmap brings under the same umbrella researchers from the physics and biomedical optics communities in which such studies have often been developing separately. The ultimate intent of this paper is to create a vision for the current and future developments of LFSR imaging based on its physical mechanisms and to create a great opening for the series of articles in this field.
Beyond humans: Consumer reluctance to adopt zoonotic artificial intelligence
Authors: Poirier Sara‐Maude , Huang Bo , Suri Anshu , Sénécal Sylvain
Published: October 2023

In addition to humanoid‐robotic designs, an increasing number of artificial intelligence (AI)‐powered services are being represented by animals, referred to as zoonotic design. Yet, little is known about the consequential effects of such zoonotic AI on consumer adoption of these services. Drawing on the concepts of prototypicality, Cognitive Load Theory, and the “Match‐up” Hypothesis, the current research uncovers how the use of zoonotic designs, as opposed to robotic ones, may negatively influence consumers’ adoption of AI over a human provider. The results of seven studies suggest that consumers are less likely to choose an AI over a human provider for performing tasks when the AI has a zoonotic embodiment rather than a robotic embodiment. This negative effect is mediated by the increased cognitive difficulty associated with linking the AI prototype to the task. However, such a negative effect decreases when the characteristics of the animal are congruent with the task and is even reversed when the congruent task is of a hedonic nature. These findings advance the understanding of consumer–AI interactions in the context of zoonotic embodiment and provide valuable managerial insights into when and how firms should use zoonotic design for AI‐powered services.
Comparative genomic and metabolomic study of three Streptomyces sp. differing in biological activity
Authors: Gillon Alisson , Abdelrahman Ola , Abou‐Mansour Eliane , L'Haridon Floriane , Falquet Laurent , Allard Pierre‐Marie , Weisskopf Laure
Published: October 2023

The Streptomyces genus is known to produce many specialized metabolites of value for medicine, but the potential of these metabolites in agronomy remains largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated three phylogenetically closely related Streptomyces strains (B5, B91, and B135) isolated from three distinct soil samples in Sudan. Despite belonging to the same species, these strains exhibited different ranges of Phytophthora infestans inhibition. The objective of this work was to identify the active compound(s) responsible for the inhibition of P. infestans and of other plant pathogens by comparing the genomes and metabolomes of the three strains which showed distinct activity patterns: B5 was the strongest inhibitor of oomycetes, B5 and B91 both inhibited most fungi and B135 was the only strain showing antibacterial activity. Our comparative genomic and metabolomic analysis identified borrelidin as the bioactive compound underlying B5's strong anti‐oomycete activity and highlighted a few other metabolites as putative candidates underlying the strains' antifungal and antibacterial activities. This study illustrates the power of comparative genomics and metabolomics on phylogenetically closely related strains of differing activities to highlight bioactive compounds that could contribute to new sustainable crop protection strategies.
Emergence of a reversed backward bifurcation, reversed hysteresis effect, and backward bifurcation phenomenon in a COVID‐19 mathematical model
Authors: Wangari Isaac Mwangi
Published: October 2023

A coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) epidemiological model incorporating a boosted infection‐acquired immunity and heterogeneity in infection‐acquired immunity among recovered individuals is designed. The model is used to investigate whether incorporating these two processes can induce new epidemiological insights. Analytical findings reveal coexistence of multiple endemic equilibria on either regions divided by the fundamental threshold (control reproduction number). Numerical findings conducted to validate analytical results show that heterogeneity in infection‐acquired immunity among recovered individuals can induce various bifurcation structures such as reversed backward bifurcation, forward bifurcation, backward bifurcation, and reversed hysteresis effect. Moreover, numerical results show that reversed backward bifurcation is annihilated or switches to the usual forward bifurcation if infection‐acquired immunity among recovered individuals with strong immunity is assumed to be everlasting. However, this is only possible if primary infection is more likely than reinfection. In case reinfection is more likely to occur than primary infection, reversed backward bifurcation structure switches to a backward bifurcation phenomenon. Further, longer duration of infection‐acquired immunity does lead to COVID‐19 decline over time but does not lead to flattening of the COVID‐19 peak.
Novel quasi‐reflectionless balanced bandpass filters using absorption network for common‐mode and harmonic suppression
Authors: Wang Jinlong , Guan Xuehui , Ren Baoping , Huang Xueyu
Published: October 2023

Quasi‐reflectionless balanced bandpass filters (BPFs) using absorption network for common‐mode (CM) rejection and stopband extension are proposed and demonstrated. First, a quasi‐reflectionless balanced BPF is constructed by using absorption network and a uniform impedance resonator (UIR), where absorption network consists of lossy stubs loaded at both the input/output port and the ends of the coupling line (CLs). Owning to the resonating of absorption network, a three‐pole balanced BPF with CM and differential‐mode (DM) reflectionless performance are realized. Meanwhile, harmonic of DM is suppressed by exploring the loading position of the resistor. Second, to improve the selectivity of the filter, two open stubs are symmetrically loaded to the center of the UIR, a five‐pole quasi‐reflectionless balanced BPF with two transmission zeros are presented. Both proposed quasi‐reflectionless balanced BPFs are fabricated and measured. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones, verifying the proposed design concept.
Novel construction of measurement matrix and sparse basis to accelerate compressive sensing for solving wideband RCS of PEC objects
Authors: Li Chenwei , Wang Zhonggen , Nie Wenyan , Sun Yufa , Wang Pan
Published: October 2023

This paper proposes a novel approach to enhance the computational efficiency and precision of the ultra‐wideband characteristic basis function method based on compressive sensing for calculating the wideband radar cross section (RCS) of objects, which involves the development of a new method for filling measurement matrix and constructing sparse basis. While randomly selecting rows from the original impedance matrix as the measurement matrix, the proposed method also avoids the double‐filling of equal elements in the measurement matrix. Furthermore, the Foldy–Lax equation is utilized to construct the merged ultra‐wideband characteristic basis functions (MUCBFs) at the highest frequency, and the sparse transform of the induced currents is performed using MUCBFs as the sparse basis. The numerical simulation results show that this method not only reduces the calculation effort of impedance matrix filling, but also effectively improves the calculation precision of the target wideband RCS.
High‐gain high‐selectivity TE20‐mode SIW‐fed metasurface filtenna array for 5G millimeter‐wave applications
Authors: Zhang Lu , Jin Huayan , Wang Wenlei , Luo Guo Q.
Published: October 2023

A high‐gain high‐selectivity 4 × 4 metasurface (MS) filtenna array is presented in this paper for 5G millimeter‐wave (mmW) applications. The TE20‐mode substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) with two parallel coupling slots is applied as the differential feeding structure, which can produce a wide impedance bandwidth and good radiation performances, simultaneously. Additionally, the TE20‐mode SIW feeding line is well designed to operate as a λ/2 short‐circuited line at the upper edge frequency to gain a radiation null. Meanwhile, a folded U‐shaped slot is etched on each MS unit to generate a radiation null at the lower edge. As a result, a passband which covers our 5G mmW band (24.25–29.5 GHz) of interest can be realized. To validate the design, a 4 × 4 MS filtenna array was manufactured and measured. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement, demonstrating a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 19.8%, a flat gain variation with a maximum value of 19.82 dBi, symmetrical radiation patterns, low cross‐polarization levels of –30 dB, and high out‐of‐band rejection levels of 25 dB.
A curved single‐layer FSS design for gain improvement of a compact size CPW‐fed UWB monopole antenna
Authors: Daira Seyf El Islem , Lashab Mohamed , Berkani Hemza A. , Belattar Mounir , Gharbia Ibrahim , Abd‐Alhameed Raed A.
Published: October 2023

A Novel design of a curved single‐layered frequency selective surface with an 11 × 11 array of a 13 × 13 mm‐sized unit cell has been merged with a miniaturized, CPW‐fed ultra‐wideband monopole of dimensions (20 × 25 mm2) for gain enhancement. The suggested prototype, crafted on an FR‐4 dielectric substrate and demonstrates a very broad bandwidth starting from 2.66 to 17.98 GHz (148%), which covers the entire UWB frequency band. The combined antenna‐curved FSS reflector shows a very important gain improvement from 0.2–5.4 dB to 8.8–14.9 dB, having a peak gain increase of 10 dB at 10.6 GHz. Basic design features were studied and discussed through simulations, yielding promising results The proposed structure can be used in UWB and GPR applications.
Patients' experiences of subacute pain management following total hip or knee arthroplasty: A qualitative study
Authors: Liu Shania , Almansour Hadi A. , Pham Lily , Genel Furkan , Harris Ian A. , Patanwala Asad E. , Adie Sam , Stevens Jennifer , Hassett Geraldine , Luckie Kate , Penm Jonathan , Naylor Justine
Published: October 2023

Background

Total hip and knee arthroplasties are common surgeries performed worldwide, but the management of pain during the subacute period (defined as hospital discharge to 3 months postoperatively) is poorly understood. This study aimed to determine patients' experiences, facilitators and barriers to subacute pain management following total hip or knee arthroplasty.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews with a purposive sample of patients following total hip or knee arthroplasty were conducted between June and August 2022. Participants were recruited from two tertiary metropolitan hospitals. Interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using an inductive thematic approach to identify common themes.

Results

In total, 30 interviews were conducted with patients following hip or knee arthroplasty. Four main themes were identified: (i) Physical constitution before surgery (joint condition, analgesic use, age, and hearing); (ii) Attitude and knowledge (motivation, outlook on life, attitude towards taking medications, individual benchmarking, and knowledge); (iii) Socio‐ethno‐cultural factors (family and community connection, language, and religion), and (iv) Health‐system support (health‐professional delivered education, medications, services, staff, and costs).

Conclusions

Participants' experiences of subacute pain following hip or knee arthroplasty were shaped by multidimensional factors. Strategies to empower patients through increased education and support during postoperative opioid tapering as well as a shift to a biopsychosocial approach to pain management during the subacute period may improve patient and health‐system outcomes.
Die chemische Wirkung des Lichts und die frühe Kunst der Fotografie
Authors: Ljubic Tobisch Valentina , Kautek Wolfgang
Published: October 2023

Bei der Herstellung der frühen Fotografien und ihrer ersten Vervielfältigung gab es viele technische Hürden zu überwinden. Bahnbrechende Arbeiten dazu leisteten Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts Wiener Fotopioniere. Bis heute sind viele Einzelheiten ihrer fotografischen Techniken unverstanden.
The Lower Urinary Tract Science Group—ICI‐RS. 7th June 2023 record of a meeting at Bristol University, UK
Authors: Fry Christopher
Published: October 2023

Aims

The aim of a preliminary session of the International Continence on Incontinence—Research Society (ICI‐RS) was to provide a forum for an international group of experimental scientists, who are members of ICI‐RS, to explain their on‐going work to fellow laboratory scientists, to obtain feedback about future directions and discuss potential future collaborations.

Methods

Fourteen Individual abstracts are presented as submitted by the attendees.

Results and Conclusions

The presentations and attendant abstracts reflect a wide variety of fundamental research currently underway that is designed to have translational outputs with respect to the management and treatment of lower urinary tract pathologies.
Can we define the optimal postvoid residual volume at which intermittent catheterization should be recommended, and are there other measures that could guide an intermittent catheterization protocol: ICI‐RS 2023
Authors: Malde Sachin , Belal Mo , Mohamed‐Ahmed Rayan , Gibson William , Padilla‐Fernandez Barbara , Rantell Angela , Selai Caroline , Solomon Eskinder , Abrams Paul
Published: October 2023

Aims

The postvoid residual (PVR) volume of urine in the bladder is widely used in clinical practice as a guide to initiate treatment, including clean‐intermittent self‐catheterization (CISC). It is often believed that an elevated PVR causes complications such as recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) and renal failure. However, evidence for this is limited and identifying alternative measures to guide treatment decisions may optimize patient care. At the International Consultation on Incontinence Research Society (ICI‐RS) meeting in 2023 a Think Tank addressed the question of whether we can define the optimal PVR at which CISC should be recommended, and whether there are other measures that could guide a CISC protocol.

Methods

The Think Tank conducted a literature review and expert consensus meeting focusing on current limitations in defining and measuring PVR, and highlighting other measures that may optimize selection for, and persistence with, CISC.

Results

There is no consensus on the threshold value of PVR that is considered “elevated” or “significant.” There is a lack of standardization on terminology, and the normal range of PVR in different populations of different ages remains to be well‐studied. The measurement of PVR is influenced by several factors, including intraindividual variation, timing and method of measurement. Furthermore, the evidence linking an elevated PVR with complications such as UTI and renal failure is mixed. Other measures, such as bladder voiding efficiency or urodynamic parameters, may be better at predicting such complications, and therefore may be more relevant at guiding a CISC protocol.

Conclusions

There is a lack of high quality evidence to support PVR as a predictor for complications of UTI or renal failure. Threshold values for normal PVR in different populations are unknow, and so threshold values for “elevated” or “significant” PVR cannot be determined. Other factors, such as urodynamic findings, may be better at predicting complications and therefore guiding management decisions, and this remains to be studied. Areas for further research are proposed.
Shifted LOPBiCG: A locally orthogonal product‐type method for solving nonsymmetric shifted linear systems based on Bi‐CGSTAB
Authors: Zhao Ren‐Jie , Sogabe Tomohiro , Kemmochi Tomoya , Zhang Shao‐Liang
Published: October 2023

When solving shifted linear systems using shifted Krylov subspace methods, selecting a seed system is necessary, and an unsuitable seed may result in many shifted systems being unsolved. To avoid this problem, a seed‐switching technique has been proposed to help switch the seed system to another linear system as a new seed system without losing the dimension of the constructed Krylov subspace. Nevertheless, this technique requires collinear residual vectors when applying Krylov subspace methods to the seed and shifted systems. Since the product‐type shifted Krylov subspace methods cannot provide such collinearity, these methods cannot use this technique. In this article, we propose a variant of the shifted BiCGstab method, which possesses the collinearity of residuals, and apply the seed‐switching technique to it. Some numerical experiments show that the problem of choosing the initial seed system is circumvented.
A qualitative assessment of insomnia in recovering alcohol‐dependent patients
Authors: Zhabenko Olena , Linskiy Igor V. , Minko Oleksandr I. , Kuzminov Valeriy N. , Gmeinwieser Meike , Kiefer Lars P. , Conroy Deirdre A.
Published: October 2023

Insomnia is a common symptom that may interfere with the efforts of alcohol‐dependent patients to initiate and maintain sobriety. This study investigates the experiences of recovering alcohol‐dependent patients with insomnia as well as preferences for treatment strategies. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 27 patients in Ukraine and Germany. Most of the patients experienced negative psychological (n = 21), physiological (n = 14) effects and negative daytime consequences during insomnia. All 27 patients were engaged in nonpharmacological approaches to insomnia and 52% used pharmacological approaches to manage insomnia. This study provides insight for understanding how alcohol‐dependent patients in recovery perceive insomnia.
Copper‐PCL/PVP virucidal nanofibers against coronavirus produced by electrospinning technology
Authors: de Moraes Segundo João de Deus Pereira , Calais Guilherme Bedeschi , Constantino Jamilly Salustiano Ferreira , de Moura Junior Celso Fidelis , de Souza Francisco Fábio Pereira , Andrade Fábia Karine , de Moraes Maria Oneide Silva , d'Ávila Marcos Akira , Tsukamoto Junko , Arns Clarice Weis , Beppu Marisa Masumi , Vieira Rodrigo Silveira
Published: October 2023

This work investigated the virucidal property of copper‐loaded poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) blended nanofibers against coronavirus. Electrospinning solutions were prepared with 0.25, 0.75, and 1.50% [w/v] of copper salt and their properties of electrical conductivity, surface tension, and viscosity were measured. The copper‐PCL/PVP nanofibers produced electrospun composite membranes of 30.5–38 g m−2. IR spectra confirmed the blended PCL/PVP, and SEM/EDS images revealed the morphology of the randomly oriented nanofibers with homogeneously incorporated copper in the electrospun nanofibers. The copper quantification indicated the final incorporation of 5.50 ± 0.31, 14.00 ± 1.03, and 27.10 ± 3.00 mg g−1 of copper, as measured by atomic absorption spectrometry, into electrospun composite membranes for 0.25, 0.75, and 1.50% [w/v] copper solution formulations, respectively, and these compositions also affected the nanofibers mechanical properties. Copper release assays showed that copper‐PCL/PVP nanofibers readily release ions into aqueous media. The 0.75% copper‐PCL/PVP composite membrane was virucidal against coronavirus, reaching 99.99% inactivation in 1 hour and 99.999% inactivation in 24 h, and non‐cytotoxic to L929 cells in 24 h of exposure. This work presents a virucidal composite membrane with potential use in personal protective equipment against viral outbreaks or pandemics.
Validating repurposed GAD‐7 anchored in COVID‐19 pandemic experiences: A factor‐ and person‐centered approach
Authors: Mordeno Imelu G. , Gallemit I Marie Joy S. , Ducay Judith L. , Abdullah Sittiehara P. , Suba Salihah Marjannah S. , Edaros Nashren D.
Published: October 2023

Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7‐item Scale (GAD‐7) has been found to accurately assess the presence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in various populations. However, despite showing good psychometric properties in assessing GAD symptoms, there is a need to further validate GAD‐7 in milieu of the pandemic, considering that recent cross‐sectional studies have utilized this scale in understanding GAD prevalence and risk factors. The present study aimed to contextualize the GAD‐7 scale into the present condition through investigating its (1) factor structure, (2) measurement invariance, and (3) latent classes. This study utilized 1922 (63.4%) secondary and 1110 (36.6%) tertiary Filipino teachers. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the scale is best represented by two factors: cognitive–emotional experiences and somatic experiences. Moreover, the results revealed that while the two‐factor GAD model showed good measurement equivalence across teacher groups, measurement non‐invariance was observed in gender groups. Lastly, the latent class analysis yielded a three‐class solution best fitting to the data. It specifically grouped GAD symptom intensity as low, moderate, and severe anxiety groups. These findings provide evidence of the scale's validity, supporting the utilization of the GAD‐7 scale in assessing pandemic‐related generalized anxiety.
Alleviating learning burnout of Chinese middle school students by school‐based mindfulness training: The mediating role of psychological resilience
Authors: Liu Xianhua , Lei Lei , Zheng Yanli , Deng Yu , Chen Jiajing
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of school‐based mindfulness training on learning burnout of Chinese middle school students and the mediating role of psychological resilience between dispositional mindfulness and learning burnout. A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted with repeated measurement analysis, in which 62 Chinese middle school students in the experimental group received a 10‐week school‐based mindfulness training. In comparison, 63 students in the control group were randomized to receive no intervention. Learning burnout, dispositional mindfulness, and psychological resilience were measured by Adolescent Student Burnout Inventory, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, and Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents, respectively. The results showed: (1) Compared with the experimental group's pre‐test scores and the control group's pretest and posttest scores, the posttest scores of learning burnout in the experimental group significantly decreased. In contrast, the posttest scores of dispositional mindfulness and psychological resilience in the experimental group significantly increased. Meanwhile, the control group gained no significant changes between the pre‐and posttest in learning burnout, dispositional mindfulness, and psychological resilience. (2) Dispositional mindfulness was positively related to psychological resilience, while dispositional mindfulness and psychological resilience were negatively associated with learning burnout. (3) The direct effect of dispositional mindfulness on learning burnout and the mediating effect of psychological resilience between dispositional mindfulness and learning burnout were significant. This study suggested that school‐based mindfulness training distinctly improves dispositional mindfulness and psychological resilience and alleviates learning burnout in Chinese middle school students. Furthermore, psychological resilience plays a mediating role between dispositional mindfulness and learning burnout.
Registration of ‘ARTPEA‐204B’, an early‐maturing cowpea cultivar for the southern agro‐ecology of Nigeria, with high fodder, high grain yield and reduced need for insecticidal spray
Authors: Obafemi Obajimi A. , Owolade Oluwaferanmi F. , Olasoji Julius O. , Olakojo Samuel A. , Adamu Rabiu S. , Agboola Adebayo A. , Obembe Michael O.
Published: October 2023

Cowpea [Vigna ungiculata (L.) Walp] production is affected by numerous constraints such as insect pests, diseases (fungal, viral, and bacterial), poor soil fertility, metal toxicity, drought, and excessive rainfall. The high cost of input, especially pesticides, also contributes to the reduction of cowpea yield potential in sub‐Saharan Africa. ‘ARTPEA‐204B’ (Reg. no. CV‐351, PI 702792; National code NGVU‐22‐38), also known as Modupe, was developed through a cross between ‘Ife Brown’ and a wild cowpea landrace and release by the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria, in 2022. It was bred for early maturing, high grain and fodder yield, and reduced insecticidal spray for the southern agro‐ecologies of Nigeria. ARTPEA‐204B along with Ife Brown and other cowpea lines were evaluated under farmer's management conditions in an on‐farm trial conducted in 30 communities in 15 local government areas of Ondo, Ekiti, Osun, and Oyo States in 2021 under farmers’ condition. ARTPEA‐204B is early maturing (69–72 days), high‐yielding fodder (4500 kg/ha) and grain (1.29 t/ha), photoperiod insensitive, reduce spray, and adaptable to all agro‐ecologies in southern Nigeria.
Inhibition of N‐myristoyltransferase activity promotes androgen receptor degradation in prostate cancer
Authors: Alsaidan Omar Awad , Onobun Emmanuel , Ye Chenming , Lou Lei , Beharry Zanna , Xie Zhong‐Ru , Lebedyeva Iryna , Crich David , Cai Houjian
Published: October 2023

Background

Even though prostate cancer (PCa) patients initially respond to androgen deprivation therapy, some will eventually develop castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Androgen receptor (AR) mediated cell signaling is a major driver in the progression of CRPC while only a fraction of PCa becomes AR negative. This study aimed to understand the regulation of AR levels by N‐myristoyltransferase in PCa cells.

Methods

Two enantiomers, (1S,2S)‐
d‐NMAPPD and (1R,2R)‐
d‐NMAPPD (LCL4), were characterized by various methods (1H and 13C NMR, UHPLC, high‐resolution mass spectra, circular dichroism) and evaluated for the ability to bind to N‐myristoyltransferase 1 (NMT1) using computational docking analysis. structure–activity relationship analysis of these compounds led to the synthesis of (1R,2R)‐LCL204 and evaluation as a potential NMT1 inhibitor utilizing the purified full length NMT1 enzyme. The NMT inhibitory activity wase determined by Click chemistry and immunoblotting. Regulation of NMT1 on tumor growth was evaluated in a xenograft tumor model.

Results

(1R,2R)‐
d‐NMAPPD, but not its enantiomer (1S,2S)‐
d‐NMAPPD, inhibited NMT1 activity and reduced AR protein levels. (1R,2R)‐LCL204, a derivative of (1R,2R)‐
d‐NMAPPD, inhibited global protein myristoylation. It also suppressed protein levels, nuclear translocation, and transcriptional activity of AR full‐length or variants in PCa cells. This was due to enhanced ubiquitin and proteasome‐mediated degradation of AR. Knockdown of NMT1 levels inhibited tumor growth and proliferation of cancer cells.

Conclusion

Inhibitory efficacy on N‐myristoyltransferase activity by d‐NMAPPD is stereospecific. (1R,2R)‐LCL204 reduced global N‐myristoylation and androgen receptor protein levels at low micromolar concentrations in prostate cancer cells. pharmacological inhibition of NMT1 enhances ubiquitin‐mediated proteasome degradation of AR. This study illustrates a novel function of N‐myristoyltransferase and provides a potential strategy for treatment of CRPC.
Electron ionization fragmentation studies for a series of 4‐methoxymethylene benzoate esters
Authors: Abiedalla Younis , Clark C. Randall
Published: October 2023

Rationale

Product ion studies and stable isotope deuterium labeling experiments provide useful data for understanding the electron ionization (EI)‐mass spectroscopy (MS) fragmentation of methoxymethylene substituted benzoate esters. The methoxymethylene ether is regioisomeric with the ethoxy group and represents the two possible ether substituents of a benzene ring of C2H5O. Structural confirmation of these synthetic precursor materials via gas chromatography (GC)–EI‐MS revealed unexpected fragment ions. The synthesis and EI‐MS evaluation of some homologs and deuterated derivatives allowed for the characterization of these unique ions and their fragmentation pathways. The relative effects of the position of the oxygen of the ether side chain are the subject of this investigation.

Methods

The desired compounds were prepared from 4‐chloromethylbenzoyl chloride by alkoxide displacement followed by transesterifications and the deuterated analogs were prepared similarly. The compounds were separated by capillary GC and their MS fragmentation evaluated in EI, MS/MS and chemical ionization experiments.

Results

The methoxymethylene‐substituted benzoate esters yield major fragment ions from the loss of the alkyl group from the ether as well as alkoxy group loss from the ester or ether portion of the molecule. The loss of the alkyl group from the ether followed by loss of the ester alkoxy group as the corresponding alcohol yielded the unique cation at m/z 133 for all compounds. The identity of the major ions was confirmed by product ion and deuterium labeling studies and possible mechanisms of fragment ion formation are described.

Conclusions

The aliphatic oxygen of the alkoxymethylene group plays a much more active role in the EI‐MS fragment formation profile than the direct aromatic ring linked oxygen of the ethoxy group. Thus, yielding a greater variety of characteristic fragments. The m/z 133 ion is unique to this class of compounds and does not have an equivalent pathway for the regioisomeric ethoxy series.
Learning to be entrepreneurial: Do family firms gain more from female leadership than nonfamily firms?
Authors: Hernández‐Linares Remedios , López‐Fernández María Concepción , Eddleston Kimberly A. , Kellermanns Franz
Published: October 2023

Research Summary

We integrate social learning theory with gender role congruity theory to propose that family firms gain more from female leadership than nonfamily firms due to the congruence of female communal values with those of a family business. Results of our empirical study, based on a sample of 322 Spanish small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs), show that while all three dimensions of learning orientation (commitment to learning, shared vision, and open‐mindedness) are positively related to an entrepreneurial orientation, significant differences exist based on the CEO's gender and whether the SME is a family or nonfamily firm. Strongest differences were found between female‐led family and nonfamily SMEs whereby the entrepreneurial orientation of female‐led family SMEs benefited significantly more from their firm's commitment to learning and open‐mindedness.

Managerial Summary

To cultivate entrepreneurship, a small‐ and medium‐sized enterprise (SME) leader must create an organization that fosters learning. Yet, surprisingly, we know little about male and female leaders' ability to translate their SME's learning into entrepreneurship. Our study reveals that in comparison to nonfamily firms, family firms offer an environment that is more conducive to supporting women leaders, which allows their female leaders to direct their SME's learning more effectively toward entrepreneurship. However, while female‐led family SMEs were as effective as male‐led family‐ and nonfamily‐led SMEs in directing learning toward entrepreneurship, female‐led nonfamily SMEs struggled. Our study therefore suggests that while women have an advantage leading family SMEs, gender biases hamper female leaders' ability to transform learning into greater entrepreneurial orientation in nonfamily SMEs.
Modification and crosslinking strategies for hyaluronic acid‐based hydrogel biomaterials
Authors: Luo Zhiqiang , Wang Yu , Xu Ye , Wang Jinglin , Yu Yunru
Published: October 2023

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an attractive extracellular matrix‐derived polymer. The related HA‐based hydrogels are emerging to be the hotspots in the cutting edge of biomaterials. The continuous sights concentrate on exploring modification methods and crosslinking strategies to promote the advancement of HA‐based hydrogels with enhanced physical/chemical properties and enriched biological performance. Here, the advances on modification methods and crosslinking strategies for fabricating HA‐based hydrogels with diverse capacities are summarized. Firstly, the modification reactions that occur on the active hydroxyl, carboxyl and N‐acetyl groups of HA molecule are discussed. Next, the emphasis is put on various crosslinking strategies including physical crosslinking, covalent crosslinking and dynamic covalent crosslinking. Finally, we provide a general summary and give a critical viewpoint on the remaining challenges and the future development of HA‐based hydrogels. It is hoped that this review can provide new proposals for the specific design of functional hydrogel biomaterials.
Photothermal‐Enhanced Dual Inhibition of Lactate/Kynurenine Metabolism for Promoting Tumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Xie Yulin , Wang Man , Qiao Luying , Qian Yanrong , Xu Wencheng , Sun Qianqian , Luo Shuiping , Li Chunxia
Published: October 2023

Traditionally referred to as “metabolic junk”, lactate has now been recognized as essential “energy currency” and crucial “messenger” that contributes to tumor evolution, immunosuppression, etc., thus presenting a promising strategy for antitumor interventions. Similarly, kynurenine (Kyn) also exerts an immunosuppressive function, thereby significantly compromising the effectiveness of immunotherapy. This study proposes and validates a strategy for enhancing immunotherapy through photothermal‐assisted depletion of lactate sustained by cycle‐like O2 supply, with blocking the tryptophan (Trp)/Kyn metabolic pathway. In brief, a nanozyme therapeutic agent (PNDPL) is constructed, which mainly consists of PtBi nanozymes, lactate oxidase (LOX) and the indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor NLG919. The PtBi nanozymes, which exhibit a catalase (CAT)‐like activity, form a positive feedback loop with LOX to consume lactate while self‐supplying O2. Moreover, PtBi nanozymes retain enzyme‐like performance even in a slightly acidic tumor microenvironment. Under 1064 nm irradiation, photothermal therapy (PTT) not only induces tumor cell death but also accelerates lactate exhaustion. Therefore, the combination of lactate depletion‐induced starvation therapy and PTT, along with the blocking of IDO‐mediated immune escape, effectively inhibits tumor growth and reverses immunosuppressive microenvironment, thus preventing tumor metastasis. This study represents the first investigation into the synergistic antitumor effects by lactate metabolism regulation and IDO‐related immunotherapy.
Impact of genotype‐calling methodologies on genome‐wide association and genomic prediction in polyploids
Authors: Njuguna Joyce N. , Clark Lindsay V. , Lipka Alexander E. , Anzoua Kossonou G. , Bagmet Larisa , Chebukin Pavel , Dwiyanti Maria S. , Dzyubenko Elena , Dzyubenko Nicolay , Ghimire Bimal Kumar , Jin Xiaoli , Johnson Douglas A. , Kjeldsen Jens Bonderup , Nagano Hironori , de Bem Oliveira Ivone , Peng Junhua , Petersen Karen Koefoed , Sabitov Andrey , Seong Eun Soo , Yamada Toshihiko , Yoo Ji Hye , Yu Chang Yeon , Zhao Hua , Munoz Patricio , Long Stephen P. , Sacks Erik J.
Published: October 2023

Discovery and analysis of genetic variants underlying agriculturally important traits are key to molecular breeding of crops. Reduced representation approaches have provided cost‐efficient genotyping using next‐generation sequencing. However, accurate genotype calling from next‐generation sequencing data is challenging, particularly in polyploid species due to their genome complexity. Recently developed Bayesian statistical methods implemented in available software packages, polyRAD, EBG, and updog, incorporate error rates and population parameters to accurately estimate allelic dosage across any ploidy. We used empirical and simulated data to evaluate the three Bayesian algorithms and demonstrated their impact on the power of genome‐wide association study (GWAS) analysis and the accuracy of genomic prediction. We further incorporated uncertainty in allelic dosage estimation by testing continuous genotype calls and comparing their performance to discrete genotypes in GWAS and genomic prediction. We tested the genotype‐calling methods using data from two autotetraploid species, Miscanthus sacchariflorus and Vaccinium corymbosum, and performed GWAS and genomic prediction. In the empirical study, the tested Bayesian genotype‐calling algorithms differed in their downstream effects on GWAS and genomic prediction, with some showing advantages over others. Through subsequent simulation studies, we observed that at low read depth, polyRAD was advantageous in its effect on GWAS power and limit of false positives. Additionally, we found that continuous genotypes increased the accuracy of genomic prediction, by reducing genotyping error, particularly at low sequencing depth. Our results indicate that by using the Bayesian algorithm implemented in polyRAD and continuous genotypes, we can accurately and cost‐efficiently implement GWAS and genomic prediction in polyploid crops.
Serratia marcescens‐associated subcutaneous abscess in a dog
Authors: Koo Yoonhoi , Yun Taesik , Chae Yeon , Lee Dohee , Yu Hogeun , Cha Sijin , Kim Hakhyun , Yang Mhan‐Pyo , Kang Byeong‐Teck
Published: October 2023

This report describes the clinical presentation and progression of a Serratia marcescens‐associated subcutaneous abscess in a dog with hypothyroidism, hyperadrenocorticism and diabetes mellitus. The S. marcescens isolate was resistant to several antibiotics. Treatment with antibiotics and topical antiseptics was not successful.
A Natural History of the Emirates: An Introduction
Authors: Burt John A.
Published: October 2023

In recent decades there has been a dramatic increase in research on the natural history of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), driven by the growing interest of both amateur and professional naturalists to deepen our understanding of the patterns and processes that structure life across this environmentally unique young nation. A Natural History of the Emirates summarizes this knowledge, providing a current and comprehensive overview of the UAE’s natural environment, emphasizing its unique ecosystems, diverse flora and fauna, and human interactions with these fragile habitats. By shedding light on the physical environment of the Emirates, including the major terrestrial and marine ecosystems, and the uniquely adapted flora and fauna found in the UAE, this book provides invaluable insights into the intricate and interconnected web of life in this environmentally distinct region. Furthermore, the book explores the complex relationship between humans and the environment in the UAE, examining how positive changes under economic development have sometimes come at a cost to nature, and in other cases has created new habitat for human-associated communities. A Natural History of the Emirates serves as an essential foundation for those seeking to contribute to the vital mission of preserving and protecting the rich natural heritage of the United Arab Emirates for future generations.
Seaweeds of the Emirates
Authors: John David M.
Published: October 2023

Seaweeds, Cyanobacteria, seagrasses and mangroves are the principal inshore primary producers in the southern basin of the Arabian Gulf. Of these the seaweeds are by far the most diverse with about 120 species recorded from those Emirates bordering the region. Little is still known of the seaweed floras of the two Emirates within the Gulf of Oman (Fujairah, Sharjah). Briefly discussed are the very extensive cyanobacterial mats association with inshore sedimentary environments. Described are the bands of seaweeds, cyanobacteria and sessile animals that are a feature of the intertidal of rocky shores. Much consideration is given to the striking forest-like community that develops seasonally on shallow and often seaward sloping rocky platforms. Large foliose brown seaweeds are the canopy dominants of this community that develops rapidly over the months of lowest sea temperature (‘winter’). Many of these seaweeds decay and are lost during the early summer resulting in a striking transformation of the seascape when the understory of smaller mat/turf-forming and crustose coralline seaweeds becomes evident. Since the late 1990s there has been a ‘phase shift’ with seaweeds replacing stony corals as the spatial dominants on many rocky platforms. The ecological significance of the large biomass of dead and decaying seaweed produced in early summer is discussed. Briefly mentioned are seaweeds as providers of ecosystem services.
Oyster Beds and Reefs of the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Bejarano Ivonne , Mateos-Molina Daniel , Knuteson Sandra L. , Solovieva Nadia , Yaghmour Fadi , Samara Fatin
Published: October 2023

Oyster habitats in the United Arab Emirates are highly diverse marine ecosystems with fascinating historical cultural and fisheries importance for pearls, but also for provisioning local people with food and materials for direct consumption and income. Their hard structure protects coastal areas and human populations and their assets, while their strong filtering activity promotes clean waters and healthy and productive marine ecosystems. Oyster habitats in the UAE occur on both the Arabian Gulf and Gulf of Oman coasts. They form oyster beds and oyster reefs and are distributed across coastal and offshore areas. These oyster habitats support hundreds of marine species that include valuable commercial species such as hamours (groupers), emperors (Lethrinidae), and snappers (Lutjanidae). The water quality in oyster ecosystems of Sharjah, Ajman and Umm al Quwain reflects good environmental conditions, yet the presence of microplastics in the sediment and oyster tissue evidence some pollution. Phytoplankton in these areas is diverse and includes several harmful algal bloom species. The current status and extent of oyster habitats in the UAE is known only for some emirates, but there is local scientific and management interest in addressing this gap for the conservation and restoration of these valuable habitats for the nation.
Terrestrial Mammals of the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Judas Jacky
Published: October 2023

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) holds a fascinating mammalian diversity, highly adapted to its harsh arid environment. In total, 58 mammal species have been reported. Seven are now extinct, four are feral, and 10 are introduced non-native species. Of the 37 currently living native species, seven have been added to the national list in the past 15 years. More species likely await discovery, particularly among bats, the most diverse taxonomic group with 13 species reported for the UAE. Rodents, carnivores and ungulates are the three next most diverse groups. To cope with high temperatures and prolonged droughts, UAE mammals have developed a range of morphological, physiological and behavioural adaptations. However, they are not well adapted to face the numerous threats caused by human development. Except for a few species that benefit from urban expansion or conservation programmes, most are experiencing shrinking ranges and populations. Today, 20% of UAE native mammal species are classified as threatened globally, and 41% at the national level following IUCN red list criteria. National conservation programmes, and creation of new protected areas might contribute to improving their status along with increased scientific research efforts to fill the knowledge gaps on their status and ecology.
An Introduction to the Birds of the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Campbell Oscar
Published: October 2023

The United Arab Emirates may be a small, arid country but is home to a surprisingly diverse and interesting range of birds that occur as breeders, migrants and winter visitors. The majority of bird species in the UAE occur as migrants and/or winter visitors; of those that breed the majority are cosmopolitan or Saharo-Sindian in biogeographic origin. The country’s avifauna can be broadly related to seven major habitats. To survive the extreme climatic conditions prevalent, birds show remarkable adaptations, both behavioural and physiological. Ornithology is an evolving science in the UAE and new discoveries continue to be made.
Terrestrial Reptiles and Amphibians of the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Els Johannes , Carranza Salvador , Gardner Andrew
Published: October 2023

Among the diverse habitats of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), 60 terrestrial reptiles and 2 amphibian species have been recorded, of which 1 is endemic to the country, 59 are native and 3 are introduced. The highest diversity is in the northeast of the country and the highest level of endemism is within the Hajar Mountains which are shared between Oman and UAE. The only UAE endemic vertebrate is the Emirati Leaf-toed Gecko, which along with 13 other reptile species is endemic to Hajar Mountains (Oman and UAE). Despite development being considered as the largest threat to terrestrial reptiles and over utilization of surface freshwater for amphibians, many of the widespread species have benefited from the protection provided by the protected areas distributed across the country. Species with restricted or fragmented distribution ranges require additional conservation efforts.