bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pluto's Interaction With Energetic Heliospheric Ions
Authors: Kollmann P. , Hill M. E. , Allen R. C. , McNutt R. L. , Brown L. E. , Barnes N. P. , Delamere P. , Clark G. , Andrews G. B. , Salazar N. , Westlake J. , Romeo G. , Vandegriff J. , Kusterer M. , Smith D. , Nelson K. , Jaskulek S. , Decker R. B. , Cheng A. F. , Krimigis S. M. , Lisse C. M. , Mitchell D. G. , Weaver H. A. , Elliott H. A. , Fattig E. , Gladstone G. R. , Valek P. W. , Weidner S. , Kammer J. , Bagenal F. , Horanyi M. , Kaufmann D. , Harch A. , Olkin C. B. , Piquette M. R. , Spencer J. R. , Young L. A. , Ennico K. , Summers M. E. , Stern S. A.
Published: August 2019

Pluto energies of a few kiloelectron volts and suprathermal ions with tens of kiloelectron volts and above. We measure this population using the Pluto Energetic Particle Spectrometer Science Investigation (PEPSSI) instrument on board the New Horizons spacecraft that flew by Pluto in 2015. Even though the measured ions have gyroradii larger than the size of Pluto and the cross section of its magnetosphere, we find that the boundary of the magnetosphere is depleting the energetic ion intensities by about an order of magnitude close to Pluto. The intensity is increasing exponentially with distance to Pluto and reaches nominal levels of the interplanetary medium at about 190RP distance. Inside the wake of Pluto, we observe oscillations of the ion intensities with a periodicity of about 0.2 hr. We show that these can be quantitatively explained by the electric field of an ultralow‐frequency wave and discuss possible physical drivers for such a field. We find no evidence for the presence of plutogenic ions in the considered energy range.
Analytical Model for Heat Transfer Accounting for Both Conduction and Dispersion in Aquifers With a Robin‐Type Boundary Condition at the Injection Well
Authors: Lin Ye‐Chen , Hu Ting‐Fang , Yeh Hund‐Der
Published: August 2019

In the past, the analytical model developed for a radially divergent heat flow in an aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) system considers only the process of either thermal conduction or thermal dispersion. In addition, the existing models commonly regarded the inner boundary at the injection well as the constant‐temperature condition, which does not meet the continuity condition of heat flux at the wellbore. We herein propose an analytical model for a realistic representation of heat flow in an ATES system by considering the effects of both thermal conduction and thermal dispersion in the heat transfer equation and a Robin‐type boundary condition at the injection well. The model consists of three heat flow equations depicting the temperature distributions in the confined aquifer and its underlying and overlying rocks. The Laplace transform method is applied to solve the proposed model. The solutions for the cases of dispersion‐ and conduction‐dominant flow fields are also developed and discussed. Comparisons between the present solutions with five existing solutions developed for similar heated water injection problems are made. A global sensitivity method is also performed to analyze the thermal response to the change in each of the aquifer parameters. Finally, our solution is validated through the comparison with the finite difference solution and observed data from an ATES experiment site in Mobile, Alabama.
Buffering of cytosolic calcium plays a neuroprotective role by preserving the autophagy-lysosome pathway during MPP+-induced neuronal death
Authors: Jung Shinae , Chung Yuhyun , Lee Yunsoo , Lee Yangsin , Cho Jin Won , Shin Eun-Joo , Kim Hyoung-Chun , Oh Young J.
Published: August 2019

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease with no cure. Calbindin, a Ca2+-buffering protein, has been suggested to have a neuroprotective effect in the brain tissues of PD patients and in experimental models of PD. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we report that in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced culture models of PD, the buffering of cytosolic Ca2+ by calbindin-D28 overexpression or treatment with a chemical Ca2+ chelator reversed impaired autophagic flux, protecting cells against MPP+-mediated neurotoxicity. When cytosolic Ca2+ overload caused by MPP+ was ameliorated, the MPP+-induced accumulation of autophagosomes decreased and the autophagic flux significantly increased. In addition, the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and p62-positive ubiquitinated protein aggregates, following MPP+ intoxication, was alleviated by cytosolic Ca2+ buffering. We showed that MPP+ treatment suppressed autophagic degradation via raising the lysosomal pH and therefore reducing cytosolic Ca2+ elevation restored the lysosomal pH acidity and normal autophagic flux. These results support the notion that functional lysosomes are required for Ca2+-mediated cell protection against MPP+-mediated neurotoxicity. Thus, our data suggest a novel process in which the modulation of Ca2+ confers neuroprotection via the autophagy-lysosome pathway. This may have implications for the pathogenesis and future therapeutic targets of PD.
Association between risk factors of metabolic syndrome with lung function
Authors: Lee Yi-Yen , Tsao Yu-Chung , Yang Chih-Kai , Chuang Chung-Hsun , Yu Wei , Chen Jih-Chang , Li Wen-Cheng
Published: August 2019

Background/Objectives

Increased evidence suggests that metabolic syndrome (MetS) is correlated with lung function impairment. This study aimed to explore the associations between MetS risk factors and the lung function.

Subjects/Methods

The cross-sectional study included 6945 participants attending health examination between 2010 and 2012 in Taiwan. MetS was assessed according to the criteria of National Cholesterol Education Program III. Spirometric parameters were measured to define lung function. The relationships were tested using multiple linear regression and logistic regression analyses.

Results

The prevalence of MetS was significantly higher in males (16.2%) than females (3.8%). Although the prevalence of restrictive lung disease (RLD) was comparable between genders (20.7 and 21.0%), males with co-existent MetS had a higher prevalence of RLD than females (27.4 vs. 18.0%). Abdominal obesity, indicated by waist circumference (WC) and weight-to-height ratio (WHtR), was the most significant factor associated with lung function decline. Other components of MetS also showed statistically significant relationships, but very weak, with lung function. There was a trend toward an increased prevalence of RLD with the increasing number of MetS scores in males, independent of age, smoking, and body mass index.

Conclusions

Abdominal obesity was the key component of MetS associated with mechanical effect on lung function impairment in a prime-age adult population. Although RLD was not associated with increased probability of having MetS, the participants with more MetS scores were at a higher risk of losing lung function.
Problematic drinking in the old and its association with muscle mass and muscle function in type II diabetes
Authors: Buchmann Nikolaus , Spira Dominik , König Maximilian , Norman Kristina , Demuth Ilja , Steinhagen-Thiessen Elisabeth
Published: August 2019

Problematic drinking behavior is common in the old and negative consequences of hypoglycemic episodes in type 2 diabetes (T2D) as a result of alcohol consumption have been described previously. Although, associations between such hypoglycemic episodes with reduced muscle mass are discussed, it is uncertain if problematic drinking behavior drives decline of muscle mass and/or muscle function. In the current study, we analyzed data of the Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II) to examine the association of problematic drinking behavior with muscle mass and grip strength in T2D. Cross-sectional data of 1451 old BASE-II participants (51.6% women; 60–84 years old) were analyzed. Problematic drinking behavior was assessed using the Alcohol Use Identification Test (AUDIT). Muscle mass was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), grip strength using a Smedley dynamometer. Adjusted regression models were calculated to assess the association of problematic drinking with muscle mass and grip strength. Problematic drinking was evident in 11.2% of BASE-II participants and in 12.5% of BASE-II participants diabetes was evident. In the fully adjusted model (adjusted for age, trunk fat mass, HbA1c, antidiabetic medication, TSH, CRP, testosterone, physical inactivity, depression (GDS-score), morbidities, smoking status and total energy intake/day, we found a statistically significant association between problematic drinking and muscle mass (β-3.7, SE: 1.3, R2 0.481, partial eta square 0.166, observed power 0.816, p-value 0.005) and grip strength (β-8.1, SE: 3.3, R2 0.222, partial eta square 0.134, observed power 0.670, p-value 0.018) in old diabetic men. These associations were not evident in women and subjects without T2D. Problematic drinking behavior was associated with lower muscle mass and grip strength in old men with diabetes. This topic should be addressed in these subjects as they could be at increased risk for early functional decline, sarcopenia or frailty.
Mechanism of Interleukin-4 Reducing Lipid Deposit by Regulating Hormone-Sensitive Lipase
Authors: Shiau Ming-Yuh , Chuang Pei-Hua , Yang Ching-Ping , Hsiao Chiao-Wan , Chang Shu-Wen , Chang Kai-Yun , Liu Tsung-Ming , Chen Huan-Wen , Chuang Cheng-Chieh , Yuan Sheau-Yun , Chang Yih-Hsin
Published: August 2019

Accumulating evidence indicates that inflammation participates in the pathophysiological progress from insulin resistance, obesity, metabolic abnormalities, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our previous study reveals that interleukin-4 (IL-4) inhibits adipogenesis and promotes lipolysis to decrease lipid deposits by enhancing the activity of hormone sensitive lipase (HSL). The present study further dissects and characterizes the molecular mechanism of IL-4 in regulating HSL expression and lipolytic activity in the terminal differentiated 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes. Our results showed that IL-4 increased cAMP which then enhanced PKA activity and subsequent phosphorylation of HSL and perilipin. The phosphorylated HSL (p-HSL) translocated from cytoplasm to the surface of lipid droplets and exhibited lipolytic function. After being phosphorylated, p-perilipin also facilitated lipolysis through interacting with p-HSL. The in vitro findings were further verified by in vivo study in which IL-4 exhibited pro-lipolytic activity and enhanced HSL activity. In summary, the net outcome of IL-4 treatment is to reduce lipid storage by promoting lipolysis through enhancing HSL activity via cAMP/PKA pathway, the major route leading to lipolysis.
Serum Albumin, but not Bilirubin, is Associated with Diabetic Chronic Vascular Complications in a Chinese Type 2 Diabetic Population
Authors: Zhu Yu , Cai Xiaoling , Liu Yan , Hu Mengdie , Zhou Lingli , Liu Wei , Wu Jing , Zhang Rui , Gao Xueying , Yang Wenjia , Zhang Simin , Gong Siqian , Luo Yingying , Li Meng , Gao Leili , Chen Ling , Chen Jing , Huang Xiuting , Ren Qian , Zhang Xiuying , Zhou Xianghai , Han Xueyao , Ji Linong
Published: August 2019

To identify the factors associated with serum total bilirubin (STB) and determine whether STB is independently associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) or diabetic kidney disease (DKD), 1,665 Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (248 outpatients newly diagnosed with T2DM [NDM] and 1,417 inpatients previously diagnosed with T2DM [PDM]) were studied. Clinical and biochemical information was collected, and a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs6704078) of the UGT1A1 gene was genotyped in 1,059 individuals. Multiple linear regression showed that STB was associated with haemoglobin concentration, platelet count, and serum triglyceride concentration in NDM and PDM patients, and with serum albumin, duration of diabetes, and smoking in PDM patients. In patients with PDM, multiple logistic regression revealed that serum albumin was associated with DR (odds ratio [OR] = 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87–0.96, p = 0.001) and DKD (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88–0.98, p = 0.005) after adjustment for STB, STB-related factors, and risk factors for DR and DKD. In addition, patients with the T allele of rs6704078 had higher STB (13.2 [10.4–17.9] μmol/L versus 11.8 (9.4–14.8) μmol/L; p < 0.001) and similar risks of DR or DKD to those without the T allele. Thus, serum albumin, but not STB, is associated with DR and DKD.
Statin treatment after acute coronary syndrome: Adherence and reasons for non-adherence in a randomized controlled intervention trial
Authors: Huber Daniel , Wikén Christian , Henriksson Robin , Söderström Lars , Mooe Thomas
Published: August 2019

Studies of secondary prevention for cardiovascular disease show low fulfilment of guideline-recommended targets. This study explored whether nurse-led follow-up could increase adherence to statins over time and reasons for discontinuation. All patients admitted for acute coronary syndrome at Östersund hospital between 2010–2014 were screened for the randomized controlled NAILED-ACS trial. The trial comprises two groups, one with nurse-led annual follow-up and medical titration by telephone to reach set intervention targets and one with usual care. All discontinuations of statins were recorded prospectively for at least 36 months and categorized as avoidable or unavoidable. Kaplan-Meier estimates were conducted for first and permanent discontinuations. Predictors for discontinuation were analysed using multivariate Cox regression, statin type and mean LDL-C at end of follow-up. Female gender was a predictor for discontinuation. Allocation in the intervention group predicted increased risk for a first but decreased risk for permanent discontinuation. A nurse-led telemedical secondary prevention programme in a relatively unselected ACS cohort leads to increased adherence to statins over time, greater percentage on potent treatment and lower LDL-C compared to usual care. An initially increased tendency toward early discontinuation in the intervention group stresses the importance of a longer duration of structured follow-up.
Messenger RNA translation enhancement by immune evasion proteins: a comparative study between EKB (vaccinia virus) and NS1 (influenza A virus)
Authors: Liu Yi , Chin Jas Min , Choo En Lin , Phua Kyle K. L.
Published: August 2019

In this study, we compared vaccinia virus derived monofunctional E3, K3 and B18R (also known as EKB) with influenza A virus derived multifunctional non-structural protein 1 (NS1) based on their ability to enhance mRNA translation. EKB and NS1-TX91 were all found to enhance mRNA translation and suppress interferon production, yet level of enhancement by EKB was much lower than NS1-TX91. Similarly, greater luciferase expression was mediated by co-delivery of unmodified luciferase with NS1 mRNA, compared to co-delivery of unmodified luciferase with either E3, K3 or B18R mRNA, respectively. Different combinations of E3, K3 and/or B18R mRNA were mixed with NS1-TX91 mRNA at varying ratios and co-delivered with luciferase mRNA. However, no synergism was observed as mRNA translation enhancement mediated by NS1-TX91 could not be improved by the inclusion EKB in all tested combinations. Lastly, it was found that E3 was able to rescue mRNA translation enhancement mediated by NS1 PKR knockout mutant (PR8PKR−), suggesting that one of NS1’s multiple immune evasion mechanisms overlapped with E3. Altogether, our data validated mRNA translation enhancement mediated by immune evasion proteins (EKB and NS1) and showed that the multifunctional nature of NS1 accounted for its superior performance.
The anti-tumor function of the IKK inhibitor PS1145 and high levels of p65 and KLF4 are associated with the drug resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells
Authors: Lung Hong Lok , Kan Rebecca , Chau Wai Yin , Man On Ying , Mak Nai Ki , Fong Chun Hung , Shuen Wai Ho , Tsao Sai Wah , Lung Maria Li
Published: August 2019

We and others have previously shown that the canonical nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway is essential to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tumor development and angiogenesis, suggesting that the NF-κB pathway, including its upstream modulators and downstream effectors, are potential therapeutic targets for NPC. The inhibitor of upstream IκB kinase (IKK), PS1145, is a small molecule which can specifically inhibit the IκB phosphorylation and degradation and the subsequent nuclear translocation of NF-κB. The present study aims to determine the anti-tumor activity of PS1145 on NPC. Our results showed that PS1145 significantly inhibited the growth of tumorigenic NPC cell lines, but not in the normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line. Results in the in vivo study showed that low concentration of PS1145 (3 mg/kg) could significantly suppress the subcutaneous tumor formation in the nude mice bearing NPC xenografts. Apparent adverse effects were not observed in the animal study. Drug resistance against PS1145 seems to be associated with the increased levels of active NF-kB p65 and change of expression levels of kruppel-like factor 4. As can be seen, PS1145 appears to be a safe agent for animal experiments and its effects are tumor-specific, and the proteins associated with the drug resistance of PS1145 are implied.
Molecular simulations for the spectroscopic detection of atmospheric gases
Authors: Sousa-Silva Clara , Petkowski Janusz J. , Seager Sara
Published: August 2019

The remote identification of molecules in an atmosphere requires data for each gas that makes contributions to its spectra. We present a database of approximate spectra for thousands of volatiles, simulated using organic and quantum chemistry.
Re-designing ferritin nanocages for mercuric ion detection
Authors: Wang Yingjie , Chen Hai , Zang Jiachen , Zhang Xiuqing , Zhao Guanghua
Published: August 2019

To extend the applications of protein nanocages, we explored human H-chain ferritin as a platform for Hg2+ detection by combining the ability of newly fabricated ferritin mutant to bind to Hg2+ with high affinity and the fluorescence of dyes quenched by graphene oxide.
Cell surface clicking of antibody-recruiting polymers to metabolically azide-labeled cancer cells
Authors: Uvyn Annemiek , De Coen Ruben , De Wever Olivier , Deswarte Kim , Lambrecht Bart N. , De Geest Bruno G.
Published: August 2019

Triggering antibody-mediated innate immune mechanisms to kill cancer cells is an attractive therapeutic avenue.
Ubiquitous aluminium contamination in water and amyloid hybrid membranes as a sustainable possible solution
Authors: Peydayesh Mohammad , Pauchard Malvina , Bolisetty Sreenath , Stellacci Francesco , Mezzenga Raffaele
Published: August 2019

We develop a membrane technology based on amyloid fibrils to remove aluminium from water and minimize its exposure to humans.
Quadruple hybridization of quinoline–triazole oligomers
Authors: Zhang Kai , Ma Chunmiao , Li Ning , Lu Chaocao , Li Dongyao , Fu Shitao , Gan Quan
Published: August 2019

A series of quinoline–triazole oligomers self-assembled into quadruple helical structures is presented.
Silver-catalyzed oxidative 1,2-alkyletherification of unactivated alkenes with α-bromoalkyl carbonyls: facile access to highly substituted 2,3-dihydrofurans
Authors: Wei Wen-Ting , Luo Mu-Jia , Teng Fan , Song Ren-Jie , Li Jin-Heng
Published: August 2019

A silver-catalysed C–Br oxidative functionalization/annulative oxygenation process for producing valuable quaternary-carbon-possessing 2,3-dihydrofuran is presented.
Computational studies on Ni-catalyzed amide C–N bond activation
Authors: Wang Hongliang , Zhang Shuo-Qing , Hong Xin
Published: August 2019

This review summarizes the mechanistic models of Ni-catalyzed amide C–N bond cleavage and discusses their applications in related transformations.
Facile access to highly functionalized hydroisoquinoline derivativesviaphosphine-catalyzed sequential [3+3]/[3+3] annulation
Authors: Li Ning , Jia Penghao , Huang You
Published: August 2019

A new phosphine-catalyzed sequential [3+3]/[3+3] annulation of δ-sulfonamido-allenoates and dienes for hydroisoquinoline derivatives with excellent yields and wide substrate scope.
Chiral platinum–polypyrrole hybrid films as efficient enantioselective actuators
Authors: Assavapanumat Sunpet , Gupta Bhavana , Salinas Gerardo , Goudeau Bertrand , Wattanakit Chularat , Kuhn Alexander
Published: August 2019

A hybrid film composed of chiral encoded mesoporous platinum and polypyrrole shows differential wireless actuation as a function of the chiral nature of an enantiomer present in solution.
An organic super-electron-donor as a high energy density negative electrolyte for nonaqueous flow batteries
Authors: Vaid Thomas P. , Sanford Melanie S.
Published: August 2019

An organic “super-electron-donor” is well-suited as a negative electrolyte for nonaqueous redox flow batteries, with a highly negative 2+/0 reduction potential, a low mass per electron stored, and good solubility in CH3CN in both redox states.
In situ synthesis of hydrophobic coatings: an effective strategy to reduce hygroscopicity and catalyze decomposition of ammonium perchlorate
Authors: Liu Wei , Xie Yong , Xie Qiang , Fang Kexiong , Zhang Xuan , Chen Houhe
Published: August 2019

An in situ reaction of stearic acid with copper acetate or cobalt acetate was adopted to prepare hydrophobic coatings, which effectively reduced the hygroscopicity and accelerated the thermal decomposition process of ammonium perchlorate.
Integration of BaTiO3/CoFe2O4 multiferroic heterostructure on GaN semiconductor
Authors: Li Guanjie , Li Xiaomin , Zhu Qiuxiang , Zhao Junliang , Gao Xiangdong
Published: August 2019

High quality BaTiO3/CoFe2O4 multiferroic heterostructure directly integrated on GaN semiconductor platform displayed good ferroelectric and magnetic properties.
Ln-MOFs using a compartmental ligand with a unique combination of hard–soft terminals and their magnetic, gas adsorption and luminescence properties
Authors: Bhattacharya Sudeshna , Bala Sukhen , Mondal Raju
Published: August 2019

The present work is part of our ongoing quest for developing multifunctional lanthanide–organic hybrid materials using non-conventional soft N-rich pyridyl–pyrazole-based ligands.
Unlocking the key to persistent luminescence with X-ray absorption spectroscopy: a local structure investigation of Cr-substituted spinel-type phosphors
Authors: Finley Erin , Gaultois Michael W. , Brgoch Jakoah
Published: August 2019

Developing new persistent luminescent phosphors, a unique class of inorganic materials that can produce a visible light emission lasting minutes to hours requires improving our understanding of their fundamental structure–property relationships.
A DFT+U revisit of reconstructed CeO2(100) surfaces: structures, thermostabilities and reactivities
Authors: Zhou Chong-Yuan , Wang Dong , Gong Xue-Qing
Published: August 2019

Reconstructed CeO2(100) surfaces exhibit unique catalytic activities by virtue of their excellent oxygen storage/release capacities and distinct structures.
Unique reactivity of B in B[Ge9Y3]3(Y = H, CH3, BO, CN): formation of a Lewis base
Authors: Reddy G. Naaresh , Parida Rakesh , Inostroza-Rivera R. , Chakraborty Arindam , Jena Puru , Giri Santanab
Published: August 2019

Boron compounds usually exhibit Lewis acidity at the boron center due to the presence of vacant p-orbitals. But using Zintl-ion based groups (Ge9Y3, Y = H, CH3, BO, CN), we can alter Lewis acid nature of B to a Lewis base.
Two birds with one stone: one-pot simultaneous synthesis of 2,2,2-trifluoroethylphenanthridines and benzochromenones featuring the utilization of the byproduct of Togni's reagent
Authors: Gao Cai , Li Bin , Geng Xueyang , Zhou Qianting , Zhang Xinying , Fan Xuesen
Published: August 2019

A one-pot simultaneous synthesis of 2,2,2-trifluoroethylphenanthridines and benzochromenones featuring the utilization of the byproduct of Togni's reagent is presented.
Application of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to examine surface chemistry of cancellous bone and medullary contents to refine bone sample selection for nuclear DNA analysis
Authors: Andronowski Janna M. , Mundorff Amy Z. , Davis Reed A. , Price Eric W.
Published: August 2019

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to evaluate differences in elemental composition of human bone tissue types and identify soil infiltration.
A microscale, full-thickness, human skin on a chip assay simulating neutrophil responses to skin infection and antibiotic treatments
Authors: Kim Jae Jung , Ellett Felix , Thomas Carina N. , Jalali Fatemeh , Anderson R. Rox , Irimia Daniel , Raff Adam B.
Published: August 2019

Human skin models are essential for understanding dermatological diseases and testing new treatment strategies.
Controlled synthesis of Pd/CoOx–InOx nanofibers for low-temperature CO oxidation reaction
Authors: Du Xuebi , Han Weiliang , Tang Zhicheng , Zhang Jiyi
Published: August 2019

Herein, we report a series of Pd/CoOx–InOx nanofibers with different morphologies (such as nanofibers, porous nanofibers and bead-like nanofibers) via electrospinning, annealing and impregnation methods.
A different wettable Janus material with universal floatability for anti-turnover and lossless transportation of crude oil
Authors: Huang Can , Wen Gang , Huang Jinxia , Guo Zhiguang
Published: August 2019

Flower-like TiO2 particles were prepared to endow diverse materials with the ability of steady floatability and anti-turnover on different liquids. This strategy was applied in the design of a promising way for lossless transportation of crude oil via sea.
Au-Luminol-decorated porous carbon nanospheres for the electrochemiluminescence biosensing of MUC1
Authors: Gao Jing-Wen , Chen Miao-Miao , Wen Wei , Zhang Xiuhua , Wang Shengfu , Huang Wei-Hua
Published: August 2019

We propose a novel strategy by high dispersion of luminophores inside porous carbon nanospheres for the ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence detection of MUC1.
Room temperature ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism in two-dimensional iron arsenides
Authors: Jiao Yalong , Wu Weikang , Ma Fengxian , Yu Zhi-Ming , Lu Yunhao , Sheng Xian-Lei , Zhang Yunwei , Yang Shengyuan A.
Published: August 2019

Room temperature ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism are predicted in two-dimensional FeAs monolayers.
Recent advances in nanoparticulate biomimetic catalysts for combating bacteria and biofilms
Authors: Xiong Xueqing , Huang Yanyan , Lin Changxu , Liu Xiang Yang , Lin Youhui
Published: August 2019

Nanozymes have been proved to be promising materials for combating bacteria and biofilms under mild conditions. In this review, we have summarized the recent progress of nanozymes in this highly active field.
3D highly efficient photonic micro concave-pit arrays for enhanced solar water splitting
Authors: Li Ming , Chen Le , Zhou Chao , Jin Chengchao , Su Yanjie , Zhang Yafei
Published: August 2019

3D micro concave-pit arrays, for the first time, are designed as effective photonic substrates for remarkably enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting using In2S3/ZnO heterojunction nanosheet arrays as photochemical catalysts.
Fine structural tuning of styryl-based dyes for fluorescence and CD-based sensing of various ds-DNA/RNA sequences
Authors: Botti Valentina , Cesaretti Alessio , Ban Željka , Crnolatac Ivo , Consiglio Giuseppe , Elisei Fausto , Piantanida Ivo
Published: August 2019

A strong impact of fluorophores’ charge and length on the binding mode, intracellular distribution and antiproliferative activity; intriguing theragnostic potential.
Compatibility of 5-ethynyl-2′F-ANA UTP with in vitro selection for the generation of base-modified, nuclease resistant aptamers
Authors: Levi-Acobas Fabienne , Katolik Adam , Röthlisberger Pascal , Cokelaer Thomas , Sarac Ivo , Damha Masad J. , Leumann Christian J. , Hollenstein Marcel
Published: August 2019

A nucleoside triphosphate bearing modifications at both the sugar and the nucleobase level was shown to be compatible with combinatorial methods of in vitro selection.
Uncertainties in contact angle goniometry
Authors: Vuckovac Maja , Latikka Mika , Liu Kai , Huhtamäki Tommi , Ras Robin H. A.
Published: August 2019

Contact angle measurements on superhydrophobic surfaces can have uncertainties of many degrees due to difficulties in positioning the baseline. The uncertainty depends on the goniometer image resolution.
Diaphragm function does not independently predict exercise intolerance in patients with precapillary pulmonary hypertension after adjustment for right ventricular function
Authors: Spiesshoefer Jens , Herkenrath Simon , Mohr Michael , Randerath Winfired , Tuleta Izabela , Diller Gerhard Paul , Emdin Michele , Young Peter , Henke Carolin , Florian Anca Rezeda , Yilmaz Ali , Boentert Matthias , Giannoni Alberto
Published: August 2019

Background: Several determinants of exercise intolerance in patients with precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to pulmonary arterial hypertension and/or chronic thromboembolic PH (CTEPH) have been suggested, including diaphragm dysfunction. However, these have rarely been evaluated in a multimodal manner. Methods: Forty-three patients with PH (age 58 ± 17 years, 30% male) and 43 age- and gender-matched controls (age 54 ± 13 years, 30% male) underwent diaphragm function (excursion and thickening) assessment by ultrasound, standard spirometry, arterial blood gas analysis, echocardiographic assessment of pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), assay of amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels, and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging to evaluate right ventricular systolic ejection fraction (RVEF). Exercise capacity was determined using the 6-min walk distance (6MWD). Results: Excursion velocity during a sniff maneuver (SniffV, 4.5 ± 1.7 vs. 6.8 ± 2.3 cm/s, P<0.01) and diaphragm thickening ratio (DTR, 1.7 ± 0.5 vs. 2.8 ± 0.8, P<0.01) were significantly lower in PH patients versus controls. PH patients with worse exercise tolerance (6MWD <377 vs. ≥377 m) were characterized by worse SniffV, worse DTR, and higher NT-pro-BNP levels as well as by lower arterial carbon dioxide levels and RVEF, which were all univariate predictors of exercise limitation. On multivariate analysis, the only independent predictors of exercise limitation were RVEF (r = 0.47, P=0.001) and NT-proBNP (r = −0.27, P=0.047). Conclusion: Patients with PH showed diaphragm dysfunction, especially as exercise intolerance progressed. However, diaphragm dysfunction does not independently contribute to exercise intolerance, beyond what can be explained from right heart failure.
The Tinnitus Retraining Therapy Trial's Standard of Care Control Condition: Rationale and Description of a Patient-Centered Protocol
Authors: Erdman Sue Ann , Scherer Roberta W. , Sierra-Irizarry Benigno , Formby Craig
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The selection and design of control conditions are critical factors in minimizing the influence of unwanted variables in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This article describes the rationale, design, and content of a standard of care control condition in a Phase III RCT of tinnitus retraining therapy.

Method

Existing tinnitus practices at military hospitals were identified and aligned with theAmerican Speech-Language-Hearing Association's (2006)preferred practice patterns for tinnitus management and counseling and embedded in a patient-centered protocol to ensure uniformity and treatment fidelity.

Results

For those involved in the design of behavioral RCTs, the article identifies options and methods to consider in the selection and design of control conditions.

Conclusion

For those who provide tinnitus services, the standard of care protocol developed for the tinnitus retraining therapy trial constitutes a patient-centered approach to intervention that can be implemented clinically.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9342503
Bang for Your Buck: A Single-Case Experimental Design Study of Practice Amount and Distribution in Treatment for Childhood Apraxia of Speech
Authors: Maas Edwin , Gildersleeve-Neumann Christina , Jakielski Kathy , Kovacs Nicolette , Stoeckel Ruth , Vradelis Helen , Welsh Mackenzie
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The aim of this study was to examine 2 aspects of treatment intensity in treatment for childhood apraxia of speech (CAS): practice amount and practice distribution.

Method

Using an alternating-treatments single-subject design with multiple baselines, we compared high versus low amount of practice, and massed versus distributed practice, in 6 children with CAS. Conditions were manipulated in the context of integral stimulation treatment. Changes in perceptual accuracy, scored by blinded analysts, were quantified with effect sizes.

Results

Four children showed an advantage for high amount of practice, 1 showed an opposite effect, and 1 showed no condition difference. For distribution, 4 children showed a clear advantage for massed over distributed practice post treatment; 1 showed an opposite pattern, and 1 showed no clear difference. Follow-up revealed a similar pattern. All children demonstrated treatment effects (larger gains for treated than untreated items).

Conclusions

High practice amount and massed practice were associated with more robust speech motor learning in most children with CAS, compared to low amount and distributed practice, respectively. Variation in effects across children warrants further research to determine factors that predict optimal treatment conditions. Finally, this study adds to the evidence base supporting the efficacy of integral stimulation treatment for CAS.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9630599
The Environmental Impact Reduction obtained by implementing an Energy Management System. The advantages of using Energy Management and Energy Savings Standards when performing Industrial Energy Audits
Authors: Scripcariu Mircea , Bitir-Istrate Ioan Sevastian , Gheorghiu Cristian , Neniu Aida Maria
Published: August 2019

Energy audits are used world-wide for developing energy efficiency projects. Industrial consumers have complex energy supply, generation and distribution networks and a variety of energy use installations. Romanian industrial companies became more interested in the last years in implementing Energy Management Systems in accordance with ISO 50001 standard. This paper presents a comparison of using the current way of developing energy audits and the concepts provided by the ISO group of standards, by quantifying the environmental impact reduction generated by each methodology. Authors pointed out that current legislation does not fully match the rigors of the ISO 50001 group of standards when evaluating the Energy Baseline (EB), the Energy Performance Indicators (EPI) or the Energy Performance Improvement Actions (EPIA), thus leading to a lower global energy efficiency improvement in the hypothesis of implementing all the recommended EPIAs [1]. Identifying and developing energy efficiency measures following the recommendations of the energy management and energy savings group of standards may be more consistent and less risky for the industrial company, which in turn can lead to an overall improvement of the Carbon Footprint [2].
Halloysite nanotube applications for heavy metals removal from wastewater
Authors: Covaliu Cristina , Paraschiv Gigel , Stoian Oana , Buzatu Bogdan , Mircea Costin , Cristea Camelia
Published: August 2019

Halloysite is a clay mineral that it is found in nature being a non-toxic material. Halloysites are used in different industrial fields having an important potential. In this paper we reviewed the properties and structural characteristics of halloysites and their applications in wastewater treatment. Halloysites showed good results for heavy metals removal process from wastewater. Researches has been carried out on removing from wastewater heavy metals, such as: Cu(II), Fe(III), Cr(VI), Pd(II), Pb(II), Ag(I), Co(II), Zn(II).
Développement d’un échantillonneur passif pour rechercher les sources de contaminations organiques dans les réseaux d’assainissement
Authors: Tondelier C. , Mivelaz P. , Letort M. , Leroy G.
Published: August 2019

Pour améliorer la représentativité des échantillonnages réalisés en réseau d’assainissement, de nouveaux outils dit échantillonneurs passifs se développent aujourd’hui. Ainsi, les pieuvres en polyéthylène ont été conçues pour échantillonner les métaux. Une étude a été menée pour évaluer la possibilité d’utiliser ces pieuvres en polyéthylène pour suivre les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) et les polychlorobiphényles (PCB) dans les réseaux d’eaux usées. Les résultats ont montré que ces dispositifs et en particulier le dépôt qu’ils supportent captent bien les espèces recherchées, mais la grande variabilité des dépôts récupérés induit une forte variabilité sur les résultats. Par ailleurs, la charge qu’elles peuvent présenter provoque de fortes interférences aux protocoles analytiques mis en oeuvre. Des pieuvres en silicone ont alors été conçues et appliquées pour répondre à ce besoin spécifique. Elles ciblent la fraction dissoute et sont moins sujettes aux problèmes d’interférence apportés par la fraction particulaire. De plus, elles ne sont pas soumises aux phénomènes de variabilité de dépôt, car les substances sont directement captées par les bandes. Les méthodes analytiques associées sont simples de mise en oeuvre et offrent une haute sensibilité. Les pieuvres en polyéthylène et en silicone sont aujourd’hui utilisées préférentiellement chez Veolia pour le suivi respectif des métaux et des HAP et PCB en réseau d’assainissement.
Warming Up to Oxazole: Noncryogenic Oxazole Metalation and Negishi Coupling Development
Authors: Geier Michael J. , Wang Xiaotian , Humphreys Luke D. , Calimsiz Selcuk , Scott Mark E.
Published: August 2019

This report details the development of several suitable noncryogenic metalation conditions for the synthesis of oxazole zincate. Subsequent rounds of high-throughput catalyst screening ultimately led to the identification of several suitable Pd sources that can be used for the Negishi coupling of unsubstituted oxazole. The scope and generality for one of the reported conditions is also presented.
Functional End Groups in Living Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization
Authors: Kilbinger Andreas F. M.
Published: August 2019

Over the last two decades many synthetic methods have been reported to selectively introduce a number of different functional groups at the chain end of a living ring-opening metathesis polymer. In this personal account, I would like to focus on a few such methods developed in my research group over the last several years and how these led to the discovery of catalytic living ring-opening metathesis polymerization, a ring-opening metathesis polymerization method controlled by the polymer end groups. This account consists of the following sections:

1 Introduction

2 Functionalization of the Propagating Chain End

3 Functionalization of the Initiating Chain End

4 Polymerization Control by Functional End Groups

5 Conclusions
Ablative, Endovascular, and Biliary Interventions for Patients with Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Hevert Elizabeth Anne C. , Howser Collin G. , Gould Michael L. , Brown Daniel B.
Published: August 2019

Interventional radiologists have multiple points of involvement in the treatment and management of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. There is increasing interest in cytoreductive treatment of the primary tumor as well as metastatic disease via arterial and ablative techniques. The focus of this article is on the current evidence for pancreatic irreversible electroporation. For patients undergoing curative surgery or terminal palliation, interventional radiology can manage complications and symptoms. In this article, therapeutic and palliative options in this group of patients including postoperative embolization, biliary drainage, and stent placement are reviewed.
Update on Preoperative Embolization of Bone Metastases
Authors: Ma Jingqin , Tullius Thomas , Van Ha Thuong G.
Published: August 2019

Management of patients with bone metastasis is complex and should include different specialties. Goals of therapy should be identified for each individual patient prior to the start of treatment. Preoperative embolization has generally been considered a safe and effective means of reducing intraoperative blood loss with recent studies and advances in technique reported. Update on indications, contraindications, technique, and efficacy, as well as prognostic factors and complications of preoperative embolization of bone metastases will be reviewed. New trends such as transradial arterial access and usage of liquid embolic agents will be discussed. Large tumor size, increased preprocedural tumor vascularity, longer embolization-to-surgery interval, and radical surgical procedures are associated with greater intraoperative blood loss and prolonged operative time. An accurate, noninvasive method to evaluate tumor vascularity prior to angiography is needed to identify patients who are most likely to benefit from preoperative embolization. Particular attention will be paid to skeletal metastases and spinal metastases as each has its own set of complexity.
Lung Ablation: Indications and Techniques
Authors: Tafti Bashir Akhavan , Genshaft Scott , Suh Robert , Abtin Fereidoun
Published: August 2019

Lung ablation is ever more recognized since its initial report and use almost two decades ago. With technological advancements in thermal modalities, particularly microwave ablation and cryoablation, better identification of the cohort of patients who best benefit from ablation, and understanding the role of imaging after ablation, image-guided thermal ablation for primary and secondary pulmonary malignancies is increasingly recognized and accepted as a cogent form of local therapy.
“Who Is Doing My Surgery?” Patient Preferences Regarding Trainee Involvement in Surgical Care
Authors: Moore Daniel B. , Harris David J. , Coyne Laura , Kryscio Richard J. , Kang Qiwen , Davis Marla
Published: August 2019

Purpose There are no uniform standards to inform patients to what extent trainees are involved in their care. This may lead to inequities in sharing the potential risks associated with receiving care in an academic setting. This study was designed to determine patients' level of knowledge of the medical education system, their preferences regarding who provides treatment, and how strongly they would react if they found certain members of the care team were involved without their consent.

Design This study is a prospective, nonrandomized, and observational survey of a convenience sample.

Methods Consecutive patients referred for a cataract surgery evaluation to the Veteran's Affairs Ophthalmology Department in Lexington, KY between 2015 and 2017 were recruited.

Results Ninety-six of 113 eligible patients (response rate 85%) completed the survey. About 33, 69, 33, and 49% of respondents recognized an intern, resident, fellow, and attending as a doctor, respectively. Three quarters (76.1%) felt it was important to be asked permission in advance of a resident assisting or performing surgery, and 21% indicated they would go elsewhere if they found that a resident would assist in, or perform their surgery. About 21, 21, and 58% of respondents would be upset or very upset if a resident was in the operating room, assisted in, or performed surgery without their permission, respectively.

Conclusion This survey demonstrates an overall willingness of this specific, largely confined patient population to receive supervised care from training physicians provided they are fully informed and educated on the role of those involved in their care.
Macrosomic Newborns Delivered at Term after Labor among Nondiabetic Women: Maternal and Neonatal Morbidities
Authors: Chen Han-Yang , Chauhan Suneet P.
Published: August 2019

Objective This study aimed to compare morbidities among nonmacrosomic versus macrosomic singleton live births of nondiabetic women who labored.

Study Design This retrospective study utilized the 2003 revision of U.S. birth certificate data of singleton live births (2011–2013) at 37 to 41 weeks who labored. The primary outcomes were composite maternal and neonatal morbidities (CMM and CNM, respectively). We compared these outcomes by birth weight, 2,500 to 3,999 g (group 1; reference), 4,000 to 4,449 g (group 2), and 4,500 to 5,999 g (group 3). We used multivariable Poisson regression analyses to examine the association between birth weight groups and the outcomes.

Results Among 6,691,338 live births, 92.0% were in group 1, 7.1% in group 2, and 0.9% in group 3. The overall CMM and CNM rates were 4.4 and 6.8 per 1,000 live births, respectively. Compared with group 1, the risk of CMM was significantly higher in group 2 (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] = 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.44–1.56) and group 3 (aRR = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.82–2.19). Likewise, the risk of CNM was significantly higher in group 2 (aRR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.33–1.43) and group 3 (aRR = 2.57; 95% CI: 2.40–2.75) than in group 1.

Conclusion Nondiabetic women who labor with a macrosomic newborns have a significantly higher rate of adverse outcomes than nonmacrosomic.
Experimental investigation on the spatial distribution of floating potential at the wafer-level in inductively coupled oxygen plasma
Authors: Zhang Aixian , Kim Kyung-Hyun , Kwon Deuk-Chul , Chung Chin-Wook
Published: August 2019

The spatial distribution of floating potential for charging distribution at the wafer-level is measured by using a wafer-type probe array, and the experiment is performed in an inductively coupled oxygen plasma. At low pressures, the floating potential distribution exhibits a convex shape. As the pressure increases, the profile gradually evolves into a concave shape, indicating more negative charge at the center, which is unusual for electropositive plasmas. A similar evolution is observed for positive ion flux under the same discharge conditions. It is noteworthy that the charging distribution at the wafer position in process plasmas at high pressures can be reversed due to negative ions compared to that in electropositive plasmas. In addition, the correlation between the floating potential and electronegativity is also presented. In order to investigate the effect of negative ions on floating potential distribution, a 2D fluid simulation with an electron-heating model is conducted, and the experimental results are in good agreement with those from the 2D fluid simulation.
Continuous bulk and interface description of topological insulators
Authors: Bal Guillaume
Published: August 2019

We analyze the topological properties of systems of Dirac equations in the presence of heterogeneities to model transport in topological insulators. The topology is described by means of indices of Fredholm operators. We describe bulk and interface topological invariants first for two-dimensional materials, which find practical applications, and then in arbitrary dimensions. In the two-dimensional setting, we relate the interface invariant to a physical observable describing asymmetric current along the interface.
Torus solutions to the Weierstrass-Enneper representation of surfaces
Authors: Duston Christopher Levi
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we present a torus solution to the generalized Weierstrass-Enneper representation of surfaces in R4. The key analytical technique will be Bloch wave functions with complex wave vectors. We will also discuss some possible uses of these solutions which derive from their explicit nature, such as Dehn surgery and the physics of exotic smooth structure.