bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of destructive processes in FRC composites using time-frequency analysis of AE signals
Authors: Krampikowska Aleksandra , Adamczak – Bugno Anna
Published: January 2019

Modern fiber-cement boards currently used in construction are made of natural raw materials such as cement, cellulose fibers and of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and water. They replaced the eternitic plates, which were harmful to health, originated by Ludwig Hatschek. Materials made of fiber-cement are used in construction industry as a building and finishing material for facades, internal walls and roofs. Therefore, they are exposed to environmental conditions including rainfall and temperature changes, and in particular to frequent temperature transition through 0°C in a 24-hour cycle (cyclic freezing-thawing). In addition, fibrous cement materials, primarily used as cladding elements, are exposed to exceptional conditions, which include the high temperature caused by fire.

The article presents the results of experimental tests of flexural strength of cement fiber boards subjected to exceptional conditions, to which the operation of fire belongs. The paper also presents a proposal to use a non-destructive method of acoustic emission based on time-frequency analysis for testing fiber-cement boards. Interesting research results were obtained that allowed to trace the differences in the mechanisms of material destruction under the influence of the changing time of external factors.
Planning of railway engineering works including rail traffic disruptions
Authors: Kosicki Damian
Published: January 2019

The performance of railway engineering works involves the need to temporarily stop the train traffic along tracks covered by works. Track closures can be the reason for cancellation of selected trains, prolonging the travel time and changing the timetable. The issue of planning railway works in so-called operational closures in a short, weekly time span with minimized rail traffic disruptions is analysed in this paper. An optimization model has been presented, solution of which for a section of a railway line with a length of several kilometers and traffic of several hundred trains can be obtained in no more than a dozen or so minutes. The case study for maintenance works on the railway line No. 353 in Poland, on the section Poznań Wschód - Pobiedziska is presented.
Risk factors for delays in rail investments implemented in the Design & Build contracts
Authors: Kowalski Jan , Połoński Mieczysław , Lendo – Siwicka Marzena
Published: January 2019

The article presents the results of nationwide surveys on the causes of delays during the implementation of rail investments in Poland, carried out in the Design & Build formula for the design stage. The study did not examine typical causes of threats to general construction works, only those that result from the specifics of works at rail facilities. The survey was conducted with the participation of experts from various industries, representing all the key participants in the investment process. The selection of experts was limited to people who have extensive professional experience in implementing rail projects. Statistical analyzes were performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 23 package. It was used to test χ2 and a one-way repeated measures ANOVA. The greatest threats to the deadlines for the implementation of rail investments in Poland, which were indicated by the respondents as the delay threats of a high importance are: negligence in the preparation of tender documents and problems with obtaining current maps for project purposes from rail geodesic centers. The research results can be helpful when planning future rail investments, calculating the necessary time reserves and increasing the reliability of the set dates of their completion.
A procedure of repairing housing defects in development investments
Authors: Plebankiewicz Edyta , Zima Krzysztof , Malara Jarosław , Biel Sebastian
Published: January 2019

The article presents the results of the analysis of defects revealed by the supervision inspector during the acceptance of works in one of the Krakow multi-apartment buildings. During the tests, it was found that the most frequently occurring defects include: cracks in walls and ceilings, scratched glass, lack of straight angles between the walls or scratched window sills. There is an average of 11.32 defects per apartment and 0.23 defects per square meter of apartments. It was revealed that very significant, significant and insignificant defects had a similar quantitative share. A procedure for the reception of apartments was proposed, which will be the basis for the development of a mathematical model supporting decision making at the time of acceptance.
Determinant factors of using data and knowledge in bridge engineering
Authors: Szelka Janusz , Wrona Zbigniew
Published: January 2019

Complexity and heterogeneity of information and decision processes in bridge construction necessitates the use of heterogeneous and complex information resources. However, for data collection and processing in this area, transactional database systems are mainly employed. They allow only the processing of detailed precise data as well as static ones. Other categories of data used in this area, including, for instance, fuzzy, temporal or active data, make it necessary to use additional specialized database systems. A similar remark can be made in relation to the various categories of acquired and processed knowledge in bridge construction projects (e.g. complete or incomplete knowledge in the reasoning process). Numerous independent and autonomous software applications used for this purpose do not offer comprehensive support for complex and multi-stage problems. It appears then that rational IT solutions in this area should be sought within the integrated systems of intelligent databases, supplemented with data fuzzing mechanisms and active data support, and, additionally, enabling the exchange of data with heuristic reasoning systems, in particular with expert systems that use the rule-based organization of knowledge, cooperating with case-based reasoning systems.
Net section fracture assessment of steel bolted joints with shear lag effect
Authors: Bernatowska Edyta , Ślęczka Lucjan
Published: January 2019

Bolted connections are willingly used in steel structures because of their easiness of fabrication and assembly, but often they are the weakest component in the construction. In case of tensile lap connections, fracture of net cross section usually determines a joint capacity. Additionally, possible eccentricities can affect the distribution of stresses in the cross section and hence its load capacity. Analysis of fracture is a completely different issue compared to well-known and established problems of stability or plastic resistance. Paper relates to steel angle tension members connected by one bolt. It starts from the description of experimental investigations which results were used for hierarchical validation of computational models. Choice between two types of material models (elastic-plastic and Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman) and building of FE models, representing different degrees of complexity, were described. Paper ends with parametric study taking into account influence of the edge distance from the centre of a fastener hole to the adjacent edge of angle. The paper’s aim is to verify and present the methodology for fracture prediction in steel angle tension members, which can be next extended for bolted joints with larger number of bolts and different geometrical configurations.
Load-bearing capacity of the steel-to-timber connections in fire temperature
Authors: Domański Tomasz , Kmiecik Kamil
Published: January 2019

Connections are usually the weakest parts in most structures, especially in fire conditions. The load-bearing capacity of timber structures is often limited by the resistance of steel connection between timber structural members. The temperature distribution in the cross-section as well as the influence of steel fasteners on the charring of the timber members is necessary to predict the fire resistance of the connection. This paper presents a summary of results from numerical studies on the fire behaviour of the steel connections between timber structural members. To make the three-dimensional thermal models of the joints, the FE (finite element) programme SAFIR was used. Then, the finite element models of the connections were used to analyse the temperature distribution inside cross-sections under standard ISO-fire exposure. The failure modes from the literature were used to predict the load-bearing capacity of the steel connections at elevated temperatures. The reduction of the cross-section caused by charring, the reduction of embedment strength and the reduction of steel strength at fire conditions were taken into account in the calculations.
Strength optimization of structural elements by means of optimal control
Authors: Jasinska Dorota , Mikulski Leszek
Published: January 2019

This paper investigates the optimal shaping of the web height of an I-section steel portal frame. The problem is formulated as a control theory task. From a mathematical perspective, the task involves solving the multipoint boundary value problem for the system of forty-three differential equations. The solution is compared to results obtained from the finite element software Abaqus.
Analysis of orthotropic tensegrity plate strips using a continuum two-dimensional model
Authors: Obara Paulina
Published: January 2019

A continuum two-dimensional model of orthotropic moderately thick plate strip is proposed in this paper. The model considers the different reference planes (lower, middle and upper) thus the different planes of support may be taken into account. The linear six-parameter and five-parameter shell theories are applied to the analysis. In case of a considered plate strip a number of parameters are reduced to four and to three respectively. The closed form of displacements and internal forces for any orthotropic plate strips are determined. As an example a continuum model of orthotropic tensegrity plate strip is considered. The influence of the self-stress state and some geometrical parameters on displacements are analyzed. The proposed approach can be used for all orthotropic systems.
Analytical modelling of rail track to account for nonlinear properties of structure
Authors: Koziol Piotr
Published: January 2019

It is known that nonlinear and stochastic properties of structures should be taken into account in the analysis of their dynamic behaviour. This statement remains valid for railway infrastructure, where trains acting on rail track cause their strong dynamic variations. It becomes even more important when one deals with high frequencies and speeds of trains. The recent HSR networks need new technologies and materials in order to increase train speeds and, in the same time, to protect the environment against negative factors produced by operational lines. Therefore all important aspects of new railway constructions should be analysed, especially in terms of mechanical vibrations and noise attenuation. The elements of rail tracks, such as sleepers, under sleeper pads, rail dampers, fastening systems and others, have nonlinear properties. Their influence on dynamic behaviour of railway tracks is still insufficiently researched. For this purpose, various analytical models are proposed which can give a new insight into detailed dynamic characteristics of such structures.
Capacity analysis of the selected track system in partially ordered space
Authors: Mieloszyk Eligiusz , Milewska Anita , Grulkowski Sławomir
Published: January 2019

A proper location of the interval sections has significant impact on the traffic flow in the railway track network. This issue is critical during line modernization as well as when a new solution accounting for the traffic forecast at particular element of the railway track network is developed . However, the situation is more complex and more expensive for railway stations since improvement of the capacity requires critical organizational changes and additional investments. We have applied partially ordered linear spaces to study the capacity of a track system.
Optimization of material flow using simulation
Authors: Kodym Oldřich , Čujan Zdeněk , Turek Michal , Mikušová Nikoleta
Published: January 2019

The strategic aim of all production enterprises is to achieve the highest possible profit, for which they use attributes of lean production that are related and support the reduction of production costs. Using of theoretical knowledge and realization of a detailed analysis of a material flow including mapping of individual production processes it is possible to obtain the necessary data sets identifying savings options by increasing of efficiency, including cost savings. Methods of modelling and simulation were used for the optimization of material flow.
Creating a simulation model for an automated logistics system
Authors: Jovčić Stefan , Průša Petr , Fedorko Gabriel , Večeřová Alena , Dobrodolac Momčilo
Published: January 2019

This research paper deals with the creation of simulation model of an automated logistic system in Tecnomatix Plant Simulation. The crucial element of the theoretical part of the paper is the factual basis for automated logistic systems whose purpose is their practical use, the process of creation or classification. An important part of this section is simulation and their models, especially discrete. Realization of simulations was not possible without software tool named Technomatix plant simulation. The practical part is then focused on building a functional model suitable for experimentation.
Simulation of the technological process for stone processing
Authors: Mikušová Nikoleta , Hozza Michal , Salai Roland
Published: January 2019

Simulation and modelling is an important part of all technicians and engineers working in different industries. For these tasks, it is important to have the necessary data and their application in programs and tools. The paper deals with simulation of the production process of stone in the selected enterprise in Slovakia. The simulation model can realize an experiment without intervention to the operation. The study analyses the production process of stone processing, from primary to secondary stone processing. The result of this study is presented by simulation experiments of production processes.
Possibilities of the Lotka-Volter’s Model using in the Area of Environmentalism
Authors: Fedorko Gabriel , Molnár Vieroslav
Published: January 2019

Environmental problems are becoming more and more important in all industrial sectors. This trend is closely linked to the increase of the number and extent of solved tasks and problems. Often these are complex problems that involve the impact of a wide range of different factors. Traditional conventional methods are not suitable for their solutions. Contrary, the use of simulation and optimization tools is very effective. Their application is based on attested formulas and models, for example, the model of Lotka-Volter. It is a continuous model of system dynamics, which is used successfully in various areas. Within the frame of environmentalism, it could find application in suitable simulation tools in the questions of a solution of the problem of water and water courses protection.
A Comparative study of Wear and tool life of HSS TiN coated end mills and WC uncoated end mills
Authors: Yawara Praphan , Intanon Naphatara
Published: January 2019

The objective of this research is to compare the performance and economic value of TiN coated end mills and WC end mills on S45C slot milling. The commercial end mills that produce and provide by SAN Engineering and Supply Co., Ltd. and commercial S45C steels, were selected for this investigation. The models of wear were analyzed by the scanning electron microscope, SEM. The result showed that the wear models of the TiN coated end mills are abrasive and surface peeling, while the wear models of WC end mills are adhesive and uniform micro-chipping on the cutting edges. The analysis the economic value also represented that WC end mills are worth more than the others.
Syntactic core composite sandwich (SCCS) with thermoplastic foam and expanded glass granulate core
Authors: Hackert Alexander , Schaarschmidt Patrick , Timmel Tristan , Kroll Lothar
Published: January 2019

Ultra light, highly porous materials arranged as a sandwich structure with thermoplastic fiber reinforced composites (TP-FRC) as a cover layer have very good physical and mechanical properties. An essential prerequisite for the production of hybrid material composites is therefore the provision of material compatible and cost effective manufacturing processes. The lightweight potential of such a syntactic core composite sandwich (SCCS) with thermoplastic and expanded glass granules was examined with the aim of a mass production. After developing a manufacturing strategy, various samples are prepared and their mechanical properties are evaluated by performing bending tests and examination of micrographs.
The cubic regression model of thermal estimation in the flammability test of the fibrous compound used in bus bodies
Authors: Pérez-Salinas Cristian , Castro Christian , Valencia Roberto
Published: January 2019

The fire behavior of fiber compounds is a serious concern in automotive applications. The objective of the proposed work is to predict thermal behavior during flammability testing of the composite material of polymer matrix reinforced with fiberglass used in the interior lining of bodies. Different regression models were performed to determine the best fit. This regression analysis determines the existing correlation between the acquired parameters of burn time and temperature versus two types of fibers used for the interior decorative lining. Different regression coefficients were determined and used for the prediction. Through the best fit regression model, thermal behavior of burning during the flammability test is predicted under ISO standard 3795: 1989 and FMVSS 302. The prediction was made for two types of composites, Roof Fiber, FT, and Fiber for laterals, FL. The cubic regression model showed the best prediction fit with a Rq of 0.79 for FT and 0.81 for FL.
Accuracy of Real Space Cluster Expansion for Total Energies of Pd-rich PdX (X=Rh, Ru) Alloys, based on Full-Potential KKR Calculations for Perfect and Impurity Systems
Authors: Asato Mitsuhiro , Liu Chang , Fujima Nobuhisa , Hoshino Toshiharu , Chen Ying , Mohri Tetsuo
Published: January 2019

We study the accuracy and convergence of the real space cluster expansion (RSCE) for the total energies of the Pd-rich PdX (X=Ru, Rh) alloys, which are used to study the phase stability and phase equilibria of the Pd-rich PdX alloys. In the present RSCE, the X atoms of minor element are treated as impurities in Pd. Then-body interaction energies (IEs) among X impurities in Pd, being used in the expansion of the total energies of the Pd-rich PdX alloys, are determined uniquely and successively from the low body to high body, by the full-potential Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker (FPKKR) Green's function method (FPKKR) for the perfect and impurity systems (Pd-host and Xnin Pd,n=1~4), combined with the generalized gradient approximation in the density functional theory. In the previous paper, we showed that the RSCE, in which the perturbed potentials due to the insertion of Xnimpurities in Pd were redetermined self-consistently up to the first-nearest neighboring (nn) host atoms around Xnimpurities, reproduce fairly well (the error of ~ 0.2mRy per atom) the FPKKR-band-calculation result of the ordered Pd3Rh alloy in L12structure, but a little wrongly (the error of ~ 0.7mRy per atom) for the ordered Pd3Ru alloy in L12structure. In the present paper, we show that this small RSCE error for the Pd3Ru alloy is corrected very well (from ~ 0.7mRy to ~ 0.1mRy per atom) by enlarging the self-consistent region for the perturbed potentials up to the 2nd-nn host atoms around Run impurities in Pd. We also clarify the correction for each value of the n-body (n=1~ 4) IEs.
Computer simulation of flat geogrids based on Discrete Element Method (DEM)
Authors: Moshenzhal Andrei
Published: January 2019

The article presents the way of modelling flat geogrids using the Discrete Element Method (DEM). Simulation of geogrids is performed on the base of EDEM® software produced by DEM Solutions Ltd. The Hertz-Mindlin model with bonds is used as a model of particles interaction. The presented method of geogrid simulation using EDEM® software has some peculiarities in the formation of material structure. We compared two types of geogrids with the same characteristics formed out of a variety of balls with different radii. This article provides the simulation results of geogrid testing by calculating the force causing 2% and 5% tension (elongation) of the material.
Laboratory study of ballast material reinforced by flat geogrid under the dynamic load
Authors: Abrashitov Alexander , Sidrakov Andrei
Published: January 2019

Ballast material suffers from continuous degradation under cyclic load. This leads to rail track settlement and necessitates its constant maintenance. It is serious problem that costs Russia millions of dollars every year. Easily accessible plastic geogrid was proposed to reinforce ballast and to prevent its rapid degradation. However, the optimal parameters of geogrid (its mesh size, geometry and number of layers) remains an open question. In current work effects of number of geogrid layers and geogrid mesh size on ballast settlement are studied by laboratory dynamic load tests.
Consideration of creep of geosynthetic materials in the numerical modeling
Authors: Fedorenko Evgeniy
Published: January 2019

There is the opportunity to specify the nonlinear behavior of «Geogrid» element that is intended for modeling of geosynthetic materials and the opportunity to take into account creep in the latest version (2017) of the Plaxis program. The numerical modeling gives the possibility to make a calculation taking into account not only geosynthetic materials creep, but also soils creep. The rheological behavior of «Geogrid» element is based on the theory of the idealized creep of geosynthetic materials and the theory of Kelvin-Voigt. It is necessary for calculations to set the stiffness under short term tension and stiffness along the isochrone of estimated time and a specific parameter retardation time. An example of the calculation of an embankment on soft soils is presented in the report with respect to soils strengthening in the consolidation process, soils creep (model SoftSoil) and creep of geogrids. The required strength of a geosynthetic layer is determined in dependence on these factors.
The theoretical basis for the prediction of early strength plasticized cement stone
Authors: Serenko Andrei , Golovko Aleksandr
Published: January 2019

Theoretical analyses and experimental data to predict durability of plasticized cement systems at an early age. Proposed to use to assess the compatibility and selection of cement and chemical additives on the early stage hydration of power rate dependence of M. Balhina. Methodology and mathematical dependences for determining the power indicator at an early age.
Research of structure and properties of boride hardening coatings
Authors: Malikov Vladimir , Ishkov Alexey , Sagalakov Anatoly , Dmitriev Sergey
Published: January 2019

High strength aluminum alloys are particularly suitable as lightweight materials in vehicle and aircraft engineering. The wear resistance of materials can be improved by surface and coating technology. Strengthening of parts and units of machines, increased reliability and longer service life is an important task of modern industry. The aim of research was to apply boride coatings on surface of steel parts. Timeliness is subject to necessity to harden surface of steel used in high-load conditions. Samples of coatings on 65 G grade steel, applied by HFC-heating, were obtained. Research of samples with different coatings by means of metallurgical microscope was carried out. Data on samples with different coatings research by means of an eddy current measuring system was obtained and conclusion on electrical conductivity distribution along the sample surface depending on flux quantitative content during boriding was made.
Influence of optimal conditions of ultrasonic dispersion on the stability of suspensions of finely ground slags
Authors: Samchenko Svetlana , Kozlova Irina , Zemskova Оlga , Baskakova Ekaterina
Published: January 2019

The preparation in the jet mill of finely ground slag (FGS) from the waste of metallurgical production granulated blast-furnace slag, the obtaining of slag suspensions, and the behavior of FGS particles in an aqueous dispersion medium are considered in the paper. It was found that FGS particles in the suspension form micelles of two types with negative (micelle 1) and positive (micelle 2) charges of FGS surface. To increase the aggregative and sedimentation stability of FGS particles in suspensions, studies were carried out using ultrasonic dispersion. The results of investigations on the detection of optimal dispersion parameters for slag suspensions are presented. It was found that in the absence of temperature control, the process of coagulation of slag particles is accelerated and aggregative and sedimentation stability of suspensions of FGS is reduced. The slag particles in the suspension form aggregates that lead to a deterioration of the strength characteristics of the cement stone using suspensions of FGS. Optimal parameters of ultrasonic dispersion of slag suspensions are established: the frequency of ultrasonic vibrations is equal to 44 kHz; the dispersion temperature is 25 ± 2 °C; the dispersion time is 15 min. It was found that the application of ultrasonic dispersion to slag suspensions with the observance of dispersion conditions can increase the aggregative and sedimentation stability of FGS suspension by 2-3 times in comparison with the mechanical mixing of suspensions. The strength of samples with suspensions of FGS prepared using UST under the recommended dispersing conditions increased by 19 to 39% in the first day; for 28 days of hardening - by 19 - 36%, which allows using slag suspensions in the production of cement composite materials and concretes based on them.
Consideration of soil strata heterogeneity influence on differential foundation settlements of overpasses for high-speed railways
Authors: Kudryavtsev Sergei , Ulitskii Vladimir , Alekseev Sergei , Kondrat'ev Stanislav
Published: January 2019

The implementation of projects for the construction of high-speed railways actualizes the search of effective approaches to accounting the influence of soil strata heterogeneity along the course of the track on differential foundation settlements of overpasses. Russian special technical conditions prescribe sufficiently stringent regulation limits of absolute values of overpasses' foundation soil settlements (20 mm for ballastless track) and angles of break in profile (the differential foundation soil settlement), which should not exceed 1 ‰ for ballastless track. These requirements make it necessary to develop the calculation method, which is based on the criterion of deformation. To ensure compliance of design solutions to the specified regulations it is appropriate to use the method of the predefined equated soil settlements for design of shallow foundations of overpasses for high-speed railways. Several features of application of this method are presented in this article.
Investigation of the construction of airfield pavement using extruded polystyrene foam in the cold regions of the Russian Far East
Authors: Valtseva Tatiana , Peters Anastasiya , Kudryavtsev Sergey , Alekseenko Sergey
Published: January 2019

The paper presents the results of scientific research and engineering calculations of rational designs parameters of airfield cover for cold regions of Russia using airstrip in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk airport as the example. This airport is located in severe climatic and complex engineering-geological conditions. A deep seasonal freezing occurs everywhere. Applying extruded polystyrene plates in the structure construction makes it possible to significantly reduce frost heave and reduce foundation deformation. Performing numerical modeling of structures using «FEM models» geotechnical software complex allowed to quantify the processes of freezing and thawing in the annual cycle for the construction conditions. Based on the research results, designed constructive measures to ensure the operational reliability of the proposed rational engineering solutions for airstrips in the northern territories of the Russian Far East.
Examination of combined ferry on the dynamic work
Authors: Tryapkin Dmitry , Tryapitsin Yuriy
Published: January 2019

The results of the dynamic characteristics experiments and calculation of combined crossing dynamic coefficient are given. The experiments were carried out by temporal automobile load with using measuring rated complex. Agreement of calculation results and test results is obtained.
Maintenance particulars of bridges and pipe culverts on major traffic arteries located in the North climatic zone of the Asia Pacific region
Authors: Smyshlyaev Boris , Borovik Galina , Shvets Yaroslav
Published: January 2019

The research data of the technical state of bridges that are built and maintained in the North climatic zone of the APR is set forth in the article. The impact of climatic, environmental, and geotechnical aspects, as well as engineering and maintenance procedures on the technical state of artificial structures is analyzed. To ensure health and serviceability of artificial structures, monitoring of their state and temperature survey of permafrost subgrade soils along with predicted heat engineering calculations during maintenance term are to be carried out.
Onsite studies of phosphate compounds application for treatment of clayish soils in a railway bed
Authors: Ganchits Victor , Chernyaev Evgeny , Chernyaeva Victoria
Published: January 2019

The article presents results of field studies dealing with strengthening clayishsoilsin a ground railway bed using phosphoric acid compounds in a DC electrical field. The authors performed comparison of deformability indicators obtained to those for soil treated by an alternative method using classical formulation based on calcium chloride. Modulus of deformation for soil treated with CaCl2-based electrolyte increased 1.3 times, and reached 19.5 MPa, modulus of deformation for soil treated with electrolyte based on Zn(H3PO4)2grewby a factor of 2.4, and reached 34.8 MPa. The paper shows the main engineering and process parameters of operations performed for altering the properties of clayish soils in a ground railway bed. Duration of soil treatment using the electrolyte based on calcium chloride was 27 days, while for the phosphate electrolyte it was 14 days. Power consumption was 10,800 kWh and 5,600 kWh, respectively.
Evaluation of options for strengthening weak bases of embankments of transport infrastructure facilities
Authors: Shteyn Alexander , Zaytsev Andrey , Cherkasov Alexander , Cherbakov Alexander , Philipov Sergey
Published: January 2019

The rise in highway design and construction requires ensuring the reliability of these infrastructure projects. This is especially important for construction on weak soils. The number of design solutions is equally on the rise for reinforcing the grounds of soil transport structures. Examples include the use of various types of piles, and structures made of sand, gravel and other draining soils placed in a shell of geosynthetic material. The article presents the results of the authors' work on the substantiation and implementation of various constructive solutions to strengthen the insufficiently strong bases on railway and highway construction facilities (railway lines Losevo-Kamennogorsk, Moscow-Kazan high-speed railroad, Moscow-Saint Petersburg high-speed highway, etc.).
Prognostication of concrete constructions durability based on experience in building and exploitation of maritime coast-protecting structures on Sakhalin Island
Authors: Malyuk V.V.
Published: January 2019

The normative foundations in the field of durability ensuring have been considered. Experience in building and exploitation of hydraulic structures in severe hydrometeorological conditions of Sakhalin Island coast has been analyzed. The results of designing of concrete’s durability on the prescriptive base of normative documents are presented. The time period, which can be adopted as estimated lifetime of structures at the designing stage, is proposed. The main reasons of concrete’s degradation, observed in the earliest exploitation periods, have been revealed.
The introduction of new technologies in the development and production of roads
Authors: Akhmetshin E.M. , Kovalenko K.E.
Published: January 2019

In connection with modern economic conditions, great attention is paid to the use of new materials and modern technologies. According to the results of the analysis of technical characteristics, materials are used to ensure the economic effect of the initial cost of construction and reduce costs during operation. Experts and scientists agree that the use of innovative materials becomes economically viable at the stage of construction and subsequent operation of the road surface. It is new technologies that are designed to improve road safety in our country of costly repairs. In this case, areas with permafrost soils and regions with difficult climatic conditions, which are characterized by seasonal freezing of soils, deserve special attention.
Efficiency of modern geoinformation technologies application at survey works designing on inland waterways of Russia
Authors: Karetnikov Vladimir , Rudykh Sergey , Ivanova Aleksandra
Published: January 2019

Survey works on inland waterways can be contingently divided into two directions. The first ones are directed at maintaining the given dimensions of the waterway and are carried out with the use of technical fleet vessels, which includes the dredging fleet. At the same time the basis creation, the results verification and the control of the survey works implementation are carried out by the survey party. The main types of work here are surveying and trawling works, the implementation of which is carried out at the present time on the inland waterways of Russia using geo information technologies, which makes it possible to improve the quality and efficiency of their realization. Such an approach, firstly, has a positive effect on the implementation of the navigational hydrographic support system of navigators, including in the part of electronic cartography, and secondly, it allows to provide the survey works realization at the modern level. The most effective approaches and methods of modern geo information technologies application, implemented for the collection and processing of high-precision bathymetric information and positioning data to ensure the navigation safety on the inland waterways of the Russian Federation, are considered in the paper.
GPR data interpretation in the landslides and subgrade slope surveys
Authors: Pupatenko Viktor , Sukhobok Yuri , Stoyanovich Gennady , Stetsyuk Andrey , Verkhovtsev Leonid
Published: January 2019

The paper describes results of GPR survey of multi-layered slopes of transport structures. A brief review of this problem by domestic and foreign researchers is presented. The significance of this work is determined by complexity of GPR data interpretation when the GPR survey is conducted in a common offset or common midpoint mode in case of dipping layers. The typical patterns are obtained, the groups of the same reflection events are picked and possible reasons of them are stated by numerical modeling using GprMax software. The technique of ground velocities finding in case of GPR survey of dipping layers is proposed.
Storm surges and extreme storms in Sakhalin Island and South Kuril Islands
Authors: Shevchenko Georgy , Kato Ekie , Khuzeeva Marina
Published: January 2019

Storm surges (the significant sea level rises due to a drop in surface atmospheric pressure and an increase in wind velocity during the passage of deep cyclones over the coastal areas) pose a formidable threat to the coastal settlements of Sakhalin and the South Kuril Islands. As a result of flooding of coastal areas, the impact of storm waves on the shores and coastal facilities is sharply increased. The greatest damage caused by surges on 10.11.1990 and 9.11.1995 which affected the most populated southern part of Sakhalin Island. A long-term sea level series were analyzed, recorded at 9 coastal tide gauges located on the coast of Sakhalin Island and South Kuril Islands. Estimates for the maximum heights of the storm surges and tidal level were obtained separately, as well as for the rare recurrence of the total sea level height with the probability of these individual components superposition. The maximum total height of the sea level was obtained for the Kurilsk station, where the highest storm surge was recorded. The minimum values were obtained for southwestern coast of Sakhalin Island (Kholmsk and Nevelsk stations) were tides are small. Seasonal and inter-annual variations of strong waves were analysed from the data of visual observations.
Flood risk management on Sakhalin Island
Authors: Gensiorovskiy Yurij , Kazakov Nikolaj , Bobrova Darya , Kazakova Ekaterina , Muzychenko Aleksandra , Rybalchenko Svetlana , Zhiruev Semen , Muzychenko Leonid , Kudriavtcev Sergei
Published: January 2019

The paper considers the flooding factors of urbanized territories on the Sakhalin island in the typhoons and deep cyclones evens. According to observations of the hydrological regime, floods caused by melting snow usually capture only a small part of the territory of the urban district. In the summer-autumn period, the formation of floods is associated with a large amount of precipitation during the passage of deep cyclones and typhoons over the Sakhalin island territory. Measures are proposed to reduce flooding risks at the town planning documentation development stage.
Complex approach to transport infrastructure of Arctic region calculations
Authors: Ulitsky Vladimir , Gorodnova Elena
Published: January 2019

At present experts of «Base and Foundation» department of St. Petersburg Transport University do research work and design projects for transport infrastructure objects. Numerical calculation of subsoil in northern ports of Sabbeta and Tanalau settlements in Russian Arctic region is one of these successfully fulfilled projects. Specific features of these ports are the following: to construct building foundations and road embankments on permafrost soils, to predict functioning of compound sea berths and river piers when super heavy arctic vessels transport liquefied gas along the Northern sea route. Numerical calculation allowed defining soil thawing zone under the northern ports’ structures. Experience of experts permitted to choose the best solutions to preserve natural soil structure and exclude uneven deformations, which destroy objects and complicate roads functioning in permafrost zone.
On the question of reducing deformability of subsiding soils in construction of multi-storey apartment buildings
Authors: Perov Vladimir , Perov Sergei
Published: January 2019

The article deals with the method of reducing the compressibility of the subsidence soil under the bottom of a slab foundation of a multi-storey apartment building by reinforcing the soil with rigid elements, which are concrete piles in rolled wells. This method is effective because it eliminates the subsidence properties of the soil and significantly increases the deformation modulus, which causes a decrease in the amount of precipitation of the foundations of the designed object. An example of the use of this method for a multi-storey apartment building and the results of field plate load tests of artificially improved soil are given.
Criterion assessment of soil transport structure stability
Authors: Gorshkov Nikolay , Zhdanova Svetlana , Krasnov Mikhail , Czinven Yuan
Published: January 2019

This paper considers features in forming stress -strain state (SSS) and stability of soil transport structures (cut and embankment) on the basis of calculation with the certified finite element method (FEM) GenIDE32. Numerical calculations make it possible to see the whole process of modeling organization of a soil structure: places where “plasticity” zones appear and develop, gradual formation of a landslide body. The analysis of SSS uses graphs of changes of SSS trajectories in the space of invariants of stress tensor σij and relative deformations εij in important nods and finite elements located at the sliding lines. At each step of modeling stability of depression or embankment is evaluated. Many signs indicate the termination of the landslide body formation. Noted in figures and graphs evolution of a landslide prism allows one to understand where the system is from the condition at which the landslide body formed: kstmin=1,00±0,02≈[kst]=1,00.
Debris flow and landslide processes on manmade landscapes
Authors: Bobrova Darya , Kazakova Ekaterina , Rybalchenko Svetlana , Kudriavtcev Sergei
Published: January 2019

Currently the human activity is one of the important factors of debris flow and landslide formation. In some cases, human activity leads to the formation of previously non-existing debris flow and landslide complexes, which increases the areal percentage of exposure of settlement areas to dangerous processes. Most often, anthropogenic debris flows and landslides are confined to the mountainous territory, which is associated with the extraction of minerals, road construction, construction of buildings and structures and storage of soil in floodplains and watercourses on weak mountain slopes. The authors propose to divide the anthropogenic genetic class of debris flows and landslides into three categories, depending on the degree of influence of anthropogenic activity on the formation of debris flow and landslide processes and their characteristics. The usage of this classification allows to determine and evaluate possible consequences of debris flows and landslides at the early stages of economic activity planning
Conditions of formation of seismogenic landslides on Sakhalin Island
Authors: Kazakov Nikolay , Kudryavtsev Sergey
Published: January 2019

There is no direct connection between landslide and seismic processes. The increase in humidity of rocks during a long period of high humidity (6-7 years) with a large amount of precipitation causes an increase in the humidity of rocks in landslides to the upper limits of plasticity (or fluidity) of soils, which leads to a decrease in their stability and activation of landslide processes. The consequence of reducing the stability of landslide arrays is to increase the probability of activation of landslide processes under seismic effects on landslide arrays. Strong hydration of rocks during the previous cycle of high humidity is maintained for at least 2 years. Therefore, in the first 2 years after the beginning of the low humidity cycle, the conditions for the activation of landslide processes in an earthquake remain. Similarly, in the first 2 years after the beginning of the high-water cycle, the rocks of landslide massifs are still not sufficiently moistened, and the probability of landslides formation in earthquakes is low. Long-term forecast of seismogenic landslides can be made as a forecast of periods of increased risk of landslides based on the account of the cycles of moisture (increase in precipitation) and physical and mechanical characteristics of rocks of landslides.
Strength assessment of earth dams
Authors: Sultanov Tokhirjon , Yuldoshev Bakhtiyor , Toshmatov Elyor , Yarashov Javlonbek , Ergashev Rustam , Mirsaidov Mirziyod
Published: January 2019

A comparative method for estimating the stress-strain state of earth dams under the effect of static load is given in the paper using spatial and plane-strain models. The results of assessment of stress-strain state of several earth dams using these methods are given. Analysis of the results obtained allows us to conclude that a plane calculation model gives results almost identical to the ones obtained with spatial model; in future that can be the basis for developing recommendations on the use of certain calculation models. Some features of stress state in a spatial case are revealed, indicating the occurrence of dangerous areas with the greatest stresses.
Low-temperature ground freezing methods for underground construction in urban areas
Authors: Nikolaev Petr , Shuplik Mikhail
Published: January 2019

Artificial ground freezing (AGF) is a commonly used ground improvement technique. It can be applied in diverse construction projects in dense populated urban areas where other methods are inapplicable. In this article are discussed several methods of ground freezing, such as: “brine” freezing, liquid nitrogen freezing, solid carbon dioxide freezing. Their advantages and disadvantages are indicated. For solid carbon dioxide freezing, several approaches are presented. One of them is a brine “aftercooling” freezing method. They can significantly increase efficiency of ground freezing and reduce its cost.
Geotechnology of restoration of culverts in complex ground conditions without their decommissioning
Authors: Perminov Nicolay , Perminov Andrey
Published: January 2019

In the article, on the basis of extensive theoretical and experimental research carried out, innovative geotechnology for repair of culverts is presented, which provides an improvement in the conditions for interaction between the body of the structure and the soil massif with increasing technogenic impacts. The analysis of the technical condition of the culvert transport and engineering structures under special operating conditions is given. Factors determining their premature emergency condition and interfering with stable functioning under increasing loads and impacts have been studied. On the basis of many years of experimental and theoretical and experimental design work, geotechnology «Saturn» has been proposed, suitable for repairing all types of culverts on railroads and highways, engineering infrastructure facilities, and especially for repair and reconstruction of pipes under conditions of a constant intensive watercourse with nonstandard (atypical) constructive solutions, as well as located in hard-to-reach and difficult for the organization of the construction site sections of the route. The experience of successful application of the developed technology "Saturn" on the railroad during the repair and reconstruction of long-maintained culverts of stone and concrete pipes under the conditions of a constant intensive watercourse and at water disposal facilities during repair of deep tunnels without their decommissioning is described.
Application of basalt-FRP bars for reinforcing geotechnical concrete structures
Authors: Kosior-Kazberuk Marta
Published: January 2019

The fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bars have become a useful substitute for conventional reinforcement in civil engineering structures for which load capacity and resistance to environmental influences are required. They are often used in concrete structural elements exposed to strong environmental aggression, such as foundations, breakwaters and other seaside structures, road structures and tanks. The basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) is the most recently FRP composite, appearing within the last decade. Due to their mechanical properties different from steel bars, such as higher tensile strength and lower Young's modulus, BFRP bars are predestined for use in structures for which the ultimate limit state is rather decisive than serviceability limit state. Experimental tests were carried out to assess the influence of static long-term loads and cyclic freezing/thawing on the behaviour of concrete model beams with non-metallic reinforcement. The bars made of basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) and hybrid (basalt and carbon) fiber reinforced polymer (HFRP) were used as non-metallic reinforcement. The mechanical properties of both types of bars were also determined.