bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legislação indigenista canadense e poder tutelar: o caso atikamekw
Authors: Vitenti Lívia Dias Pinto
Published: September 2018

Neste artigo proponho apresentar uma análise de alguns aspectos da relação entre as Primeiras Nações e o Estado nação canadense, utilizando à guisa de exemplo a Primeira-nação Atikamekw, habitante do norte da província de Quebec. Para tanto, iniciarei o artigo com uma explanação seguida de crítica sobre o Indian Act, instrumento legal concernente aos direitos dos povos indígenas habitantes do território canadense. Meu intuito é o de demonstrar como muitos dos aspectos de dita lei podem ser entendidos como um poder tutelar. Além disso, debaterei o estabelecimento do sistema educacional de escolas residenciais, que teve sua criação e atuação integradas à lógica de um poder tutelar. Finalmente, analisarei alguns aspectos históricos do contato dos Atikamekw, e a forma atual como este povo atua em relação ao Estado canadense.
A autoridade através dos vestígios : a arqueologia na Missão Antropológica de Timor, 1953
Authors: Poloni Rita Juliana Soares
Published: September 2018

Tendo como objeto de estudo a primeira viagem da Missão Antropológica de Timor (1953), buscar-se-á perceber qual o papel ocupado pela arqueologia em viagens científicas promovidas pelo Estado colonial e protagonizada por cientistas nacionais, cujos interesses políticos, estratégicos e científicos se entrecruzam. A manutenção das pesquisas relacionadas ao campo em questão revela-se como fruto de ações com motivações diversas que, se por um lado evidenciam o papel secundário da arqueologia, por outro justificam a sua permanência nesses empreendimentos. No caso da viagem em questão, a arqueologia toma um papel destacado entre as pesquisas realizadas, permitindo uma análise pormenorizada do seu papel no universo dos interesses que circunscrevem o período em que as missões antropológicas se desenvolveram.
Uma filmografia colonial de Timor Português
Authors: Piçarra Maria do Carmo
Published: September 2018

O documentário foi o género mais usado pelo Estado Novo para promover o colonialismo português. Embora a produção de filmes etnográficos e científicos não tenha sido tão relevante quanto foi noutros impérios coloniais, há que relevar a importância do uso dos filmes articulado com a prática antropológica em Timor Português. Colóniadistanteepobre,emcomparação com Moçambique ou Angola, não interessou o cinema independente, dada a inexistência de condições para a produção cinematográfica no território adicionalmente aos elevados custos da mesma. Foram, por isso, realizados escassos filmes de propaganda, sobretudo no âmbito de visitas políticas ou militares. O mais importante arquivo de filmes sobre Timor Português surgiu integrado numa prática antropológica e integra duas colecções : a composta pelos filmes feitos pela Missão Antropológica de Timor, dirigida por António de Almeida, e a resultante de filmagens do poeta e antropólogo Ruy Cinatti.
Perspectivas e tradições do fazer etnográfico
Authors: Borges Barbosa Raoni
Published: September 2018

Este artigo discute o fazer etnográfico como atividade central da antropologia. Se, por um lado, a etnografia significa o método ou o procedimento consolidado e quase definidor da produção científica de conhecimentos antropológicos, por outro, há um conjunto de perspectivas e tradições do fazer etnográfico cujas especificidades se assentam em escolhas teórico-metodológicas relevantes para o desenvolvimento e a produção de evidências de uma pesquisa. A argumentação desenvolvida se apoia no entendimento de que a antropologia se constitui em um movimento de constante reencontro do saber acumulado. Neste encontro, o ethos do fazer antropológico é atualizado como ideologia que norteia os pesquisadores e que operacionaliza uma comunicação entre as mais distintas tradições teórico- metodológicas da antropologia.
Caleidoscópio narrativo: uma experiência etnográfica no campo da desinstitucionalização psiquiátrica no sul do Brasil
Authors: da Silva Thomas Josue , Silva Denise Regina Quaresma da
Published: September 2018

Este artigo aborda uma experiência etnográfica no campo da atenção psicossocial no contexto da desinstitucionalização psiquiátrica e se desenvolveu por meio de uma etnografia constituída pelo dispositivo iconográfico (pinturas, desenhos e criaçõesdeimagens)deusuáriosdesaúde mental de um atelier de arte ligado a um serviço público de saúde mental no sul do Brasil. Objetivamos analisar, desde uma perspectiva socioantropológica, a desinstitucionalização psiquiátrica, a medicalização da experiência do sofrimento mental, bem como as formas de tratamento em saúde mental. Metodologicamente, trata-se de um estudo qualitativo de cunho etnográfico com o recorte analítico de um estudo de caso e embasamento teórico nos estudos acerca da experiência das narrativas do sofrimento mental (Good, 1994; Kleinman, 1988). Concluímos que, mesmo com o movimento da Reforma Psiquiátrica, ainda predominam discursos e práticas centradas nos aspectos nosológicos no campo da saúde mental, desconsiderando as complexidades socioculturais e a intersubjetividade do indivíduo que sofre. Urge tensionar as formas tradicionais que a cultura biomédica evoca sobre o sofrimento mental em nossa sociedade contemporânea.
What Do Emotions Have to Do With It?
Authors: Chirciu Alina Rebecca
Published: September 2018

The chapter was an action research intervention carried out at a private Omani higher education institution where 17 female students were exposed to various texts revolving around issues that affected women in the region or in the world. The chosen texts were prone to provoke a varied range of emotional responses and to result in empathy with the actors involved as well as a broader, critical understanding of the issues presented. Participants reported having become aware of multiple perspectives and being able to see things from various points of view in addition to an increased development of all the four language skills as an implicit result of this intervention. The study thus illuminates the importance of emotions in language learning pedagogy and their catalytic value in the process of developing awareness of multiple perspectives.
School Violence Inside Youth Prison Schools
Authors: Young-Alfaro Morghan Vélez
Published: September 2018

School violence inside youth prisons proves challenging to explore. The diversity among incarcerated students, variation in the layout and management of youth prison schools, and the trauma caused by confinement factor into how school violence unfolds. This chapter makes four contributions to landscaping the study of school violence inside youth prison schools. First, contrary to popular stereotypes, students have offenses across a spectrum of non-violent to violent crimes. Second, classrooms in some youth prisons are the only social spaces and violence gets funneled into them. Third, school violence intervention programs used in youth prison schools must contend with the trauma-inducing aspects involved in living in a correctional setting. Fourth, public discourse misplaces attention on punitive responses outside of a complex understanding of the students, experiences inside youth prison schools, and possibilities beyond schooling behind bars. These contributions scaffold future directions in research on school violence in youth prison schools.
Collective Pain
Authors: Campos-Manzo Ana Lilia , Mitobe Allison Masako , Ignatiadis Christina , Rubin Emily Wiles , Fischer Joanna
Published: September 2018

Mass school shootings are infrequent and involve predominantly White perpetrators and victims; yet, they elicit intense social reactions without acknowledging race. In contrast, shootings in cities are frequent, affecting the lives of people of color. Connecting both, this chapter explores how youth of color experience mass school shootings and whether the gun-control movement incorporates their needs. Specifically, 114 youth of color participated in an interview (2013/2015), involving a socio-spatial exploration of their segregated metropolitan area near Newtown, Connecticut, where a young White man killed 26 students and staff members (2012). Furthermore, this exploration involved unobtrusive observation of Connecticut's March for Our Lives (2018). Youth of color were concerned with gun violence in relation to police brutality, crime, and mass school shootings. Those in predominantly White cities experienced the collective pain mass school shootings produce. In contrast, the predominantly White gun-control movement hardly acknowledged youth of color.
Bmi1 Regulates IκBα Degradation via Association with the SCF Complex
Authors: Okuyama Yuko , Tanaka Yuki , Jiang Jing-Jing , Kamimura Daisuke , Nakamura Akihiro , Ota Mitsutoshi , Ohki Takuto , Higo Daisuke , Ogura Hideki , Ishii Naoto , Atsumi Toru , Murakami Masaaki
Published: September 2018

Bmi1 is a polycomb group protein and regulator that stabilizes the ubiquitination complex PRC1 in the nucleus with no evidently direct link to the NF-κB pathway. In this study, we report a novel function of Bmi1: its regulation of IκBα ubiquitination in the cytoplasm. A deficiency of Bmi1 inhibited NF-κB–mediated gene expression in vitro and a NF-κB–mediated mouse model of arthritis in vivo. Mechanistic analysis showed that Bmi1 associated with the SCF ubiquitination complex via its N terminus and with phosphorylation by an IKKα/β-dependent pathway, leading to the ubiquitination of IκBα. These effects on NF-κB–related inflammation suggest Bmi1 in the SCF complex is a potential therapeutic target for various diseases and disorders, including autoimmune diseases.
Baculovirus-Induced Fast-Acting Innate Immunity Kills Liver-Stage Plasmodium
Authors: Emran Talha Bin , Iyori Mitsuhiro , Ono Yuki , Amelia Fitri , Yusuf Yenni , Islam Ashekul , Alam Asrar , Tamura Megumi , Ogawa Ryohei , Matsuoka Hiroyuki , Yamamoto Daisuke S. , Yoshida Shigeto
Published: September 2018

Baculovirus (BV), an enveloped insect virus with a circular dsDNA genome, possesses unique characteristics that induce strong innate immune responses in mammalian cells. In this study, we show that BV administration in BALB/c mice not only provides complete protection against a subsequent Plasmodium berghei sporozoite infection for up to 7 d after the injection but also eliminates existing liver-stage parasites completely. The elimination of sporozoites by BV was superior to that by primaquine, and this effect occurred in a TLR9-independent manner. At 6 h after BV administration, IFN-α and IFN-γ were robustly produced in the serum, and RNA transcripts of IFN-stimulated genes were markedly upregulated in the liver compared with control mice. The in vivo passive transfer of serum after BV administration effectively eliminated liver-stage parasites, and IFN-α neutralization abolished this effect, indicating that the BV liver-stage parasite-killing mechanism is downstream of the type I IFN signaling pathway. These findings provide evidence that BV-induced, fast-acting innate immunity completely kills liver-stage parasites and, thus, may lead to new malaria drug and vaccine strategies.
Composición de la comunidad bioincrustante de un cultivo de ostras tropicales en un estuario del Amazonas, Estado de Pará, Norte de Brasil
Authors: Das Chagas Rafael A. , F. Barros Mara Rúbia , R. dos Santos Wagner César , Herrmann Marko
Published: September 2018

La contaminación biológica afecta a la acuicultura mundial con importantes impactos de productividad y rentabilidad, especialmente en el cultivo de moluscos, donde tanto la especie de cultivo objetivo como la infraestructura están expuestas a una diversidad de organismos contaminantes. En el cultivo de ostras, el impacto clave es la adherencia directa de organismos causando daño físico, interferencia mecánica, competencia biológica y modificación ambiental, mientras que también se efectúa la infraestructura. El presente estudio describe la composición de la bioincrustación en la superficie de la ostra de mangle Crassostrea rhizophorae, cultivada en un estuario Amazónico, ubicado en el estado de Pará, norte de Brasil. En total, 6.124 macroinvertebrados fueron muestreados en julio, agosto, octubre y diciembre de 2013. La epifauna recolectada estuvo representada por 5 grupos principales (Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Polychaeta, Crustacea y Anthozoa), 20 familias y 37 especies. Bivalvia fue la clase más abundante, presentando 5.183 mejillones de la especie Mytella charruana. El conocimiento sobre la composición de la incrustación biológica, así como la identificación de las principales especies que causan impactos directos, permite opciones de gestión más personalizadas y estratégicas, minimizando los costos, a menudo significativos, asociados con el control de la bioincrustación (antifouling).
Biología reproductiva de la pescadilla real, Macrodon ancylodon (Perciformes, Sciaenidae), de la costa noreste de Brasil
Authors: Cardoso Alana dos Santos , Santos Nayara Barbosa , De Almeida Zafira da Silva , Neta Raimunda N. Fortes C. , Cantanhêde Lorrane Gabrielle
Published: September 2018

Se estudió la biología reproductiva de Macrodon ancylodon, pez de importancia comercial ampliamente distribuido a lo largo de la costa atlántica de América del Sur, a partir de 240 muestras colectadas en la costa de la provincia de Maranhão, noreste de Brasil. Los especímenes variaron de 18,2 cm a 33,5 cm, exhibiendo alometría positiva. La longitud total de la primera madurez sexual fue de 21,13 cm. M. ancylodon tiene una maduración gonadal asincrónica y sería un desovador parcial dentro de un período reproductivo. Tanto la longitud como el peso de las hembras no afectaron la fecundidad relativa. El análisis del índice gonadosomático, factor de condición y frecuencia de los estadios de maduración muestra que M. ancylodon es capaz de reproducirse durante todo el año, a pesar de que se observaron picos de desove durante noviembre-diciembre y agosto-septiembre. Los resultados evidencian que el área de estudio es utilizada por M. ancylodon para la reproducción. Los datos obtenidos serán de gran valor para el desarrollo de estrategias de gestión de los recursos pesqueros
Indicadores de sustentabilidad para la pesquería de curvina golfina Cynoscion othonopterus en el Alto Golfo de California
Authors: Mendivil-Mendoza Jaime E. , Aragón-Noriega E. Alberto , Arreola-Lizárraga José A. , Rodríguez-Domínguez Guillermo , Castillo-Vargasmachuca Sergio G. , Ortega-Lizárraga Gilberto G.
Published: September 2018

El Alto Golfo de California y Delta del Río Colorado es un área que se encuentra inmersa en un conflicto ecológico, económico, político y social debido a la pesca ilegal de totoaba Totoaba macdonaldi y la posible extinción de vaquita marina Phocoena sinus. Esto último ha provocado el cierre de todas las pesquerías en la región salvo la de curvina golfina Cynoscion othonopterus la cual es la única especie con permiso de explotación. Por lo tanto, el objetivo principal fue evaluar el estado de salud de la pesquería mediante los indicadores de sustentabilidad de Froese en el Alto Golfo de California durante las temporadas de pesca 2008, 2013, 2014 y 2015. Los resultados mostraron que la producción anual de curvina golfina presenta fluctuaciones, resaltando el periodo 2012-2016, donde las capturas totales con excepción de 2014, sobrepasaron la cuota de captura establecida por el Instituto Nacional de la Pesca. La longitud de madurez para los años estudiados fueron: 2008= L50: 502 mm (IC= 490-514 mm), 2013= L50: 559 mm (IC= 544-576 mm), 2014= L50: 499 mm (IC= 476-518 mm), y 2015= L50: 480 mm (IC= 445-510 mm). Con base en los indicadores de sustentabilidad, se demuestra que la pesquería de curvina golfina está dirigida hacia los organismos de mayor longitud (mega-reproductores). Se concluye que actualmente la curvina golfina manifiesta problemas de sobreexplotación y por ende su aprovechamiento no es sustentable. Esto sugiere la necesidad realizar ajustes y actualizaciones a las actuales medidas de manejo.
Contributo alla conoscenza dei microlepidotteri dell’Aspromonte (Lepidoptera)
Authors: Baldizzone Giorgio , Scalercio Stefano
Published: September 2018

In questo lavoro vengono riportati i risultati di una settimana di raccolta di microlepidotteri effettuata con diverse tecniche in Calabria, più precisamente sull’Aspromonte e alla foce della Fiumara Amendolea. Sono state rinvenute 159 specie di cui Eana nervana (Tortricidae) e Merrifeldia garrigae (Pterophoridae) nuove per la fauna italiana, Opogona omoscopa (Tineidae), Triberta cistifoliella (Gracillariidae), Ornativalva heluanensis e Neophriseria singula (Gelechiidae) segnalate per la prima volta per l’Italia continentale, oltre a 8 specie nuove per l’Italia centromeridionale, 16 per l’Italia meridionale, e 28 segnalate per la prima volta in Calabria. La grande quantità di novità faunistiche sono l’evidenza delle scarse conoscenze disponibili sulla fauna di questi insetti per l’Italia in generale e per le regioni meridionali in particolare.
Contributo alla conoscenza dei Gelechioidea dell’Italia meridionale con particolare riferimento ad ambienti forestali (Lepidoptera Chimabachidae, Elachistidae, oecophoridae, Peleopodidae, Stathmopodidae)
Authors: Leonetti Francesco Luigi , Greco Silvia , Infusino Marco , Scalercio Stefano
Published: September 2018

Vengono segnalate 17 specie appartenenti alle famiglie oggetto di studio tra le quali Anchinia daphnella (denis and Schiffermüller, 1775) e Oecophora bractella (Linnaeus, 1758), segnalate per la prima volta in Italia peninsulare, Diurnea lipsiella (denis and Schiffermüller, 1775), segnalata per la prima volta in Italia meridionale, Diurnea fagella (denis and Schiffermüller, 1775), Metalampra italica Baldizzone, 1977, Epicallima formosella (denis and Schiffermüller, 1775), Kasyniana diminutella (Rebel, 1931), Pleurota (Protasis) punctella (o. Costa, 1836), Pleurota (Pleurota) aristella (Linnaeus, 1767), Stathmopoda pedella (Linnaeus, 1761) e Carcina quercana (Fabricius, 1775) non ancora note con certezza per il territorio calabrese. Inoltre, vengono aggiornati i dati di presenza di alcune specie segnalate in Calabria oltre un secolo fa.
Una nuova specie di Orotrechus Müller dei Colli Euganei (Veneto, Italia) (Coleoptera Carabidae Trechinae)
Authors: Piva Erminio
Published: September 2018

Viene qui descritto Orotrechus frassanellicus n. sp., di ambienti ipogei dei Colli Euganei settentrionali (Veneto, Italia), nel territorio del comune di Rovolon (Padova). Affine ad O. euganeus Pace, 1974 (s.l.), se ne distingue particolarmente per la diversa forma del lobo mediano dell’edeago.
Stuttering therapy - an integration of speech therapy and psychotherapy
Authors: Aron M.
Published: September 2018

No abstract available.
Negative practice in dysphemic therapy – A case history
Authors: Lubinsky F. T.
Published: September 2018

No action required
Relationships between stammering and aphasia
Authors: Fleming Marion
Published: September 2018

No abstract available.
New aspects of voice physiology
Authors: Breckwoldt G. H.
Published: September 2018

no abstract available.
Family, Ambition, Locality and Party. A Study of Professionalization in the Activation and Apprenticeships of Local Councillors in Europe
Authors: Verhelst Tom , Kerrouche Eric
Published: September 2018

It is widely acknowledged that elected representatives have often benefited from a variety of steppingstones in their passage to power. This article comparatively studies a selection of such steppingstones amongst local councillors in Europe. More specifically, it takes account of family ties, ambition, the entrenchment in the locality and the political party as elements of activation and apprenticeship in the process of political recruitment. In doing so, it sets out ideal-typical laymen from their professionalized counterparts. The article shows that at this early stage of recruitment, local councillors still generally tend towards the layman archetype. Furthermore, some assets, such as the inclusion in the local community and the enrolment in a political party, seem necessary to enter on a political career. Others are more provisional (e.g. family, motivations, social background, municipal size, ideology and function) or dependent upon the institutional provisions in place (e.g. quota, electoral system). Finally, professionalization patterns do not depend directly from traditional country types, but rather from the specific combination of factors in each country.
Local Government Budgets Stressed by Population Decline? – An Analysis of Residual Costs for the Local Communities of Styria in Austria
Authors: Lais Kathrin , Penker Marianne
Published: September 2018

This article looks into the effects of population decline on local public expenditure. It starts with a theoretical explanation of so-called residual costs, i.e. cost curves of shrinking communities lying above those of growing. Data at the community level of the state Styria (Austria) on expenditure categories which have natural monopoly characteristics from 1997-2007 provides empirical support that expenditure per capita grew significantly stronger in shrinking communities than in growing communities. These results provide evidence that at least some of the public expenditures cannot be adjusted to the population decline in the medium term.

Keywords: residual costs • local public expenditure • population decline • infrastructure • Austria • fiscal federalism
The Role of Slovenian Language in Legal Texts of Town and Market-Town Autonomy until the Spring of Nations of 1848
Authors: Golec Boris
Published: September 2018

Up to the 19th century, very little was written in Slovenian language; in the official and business life, the written Slovenian was an exception. This contribution discusses the role of Slovenian language in legal texts of towns and market-towns, namely those few Slovenian environments that through centuries had local self-government with its own elected representatives and judicial administration. Chronologically the contribution is limited to the period up to the Spring of Nations of 1848, after which the conditions for the public use of Slovenian language changed significantly. From the mid-16th century there are only a few dozen known Slovenian official records regarding undertakings of town and market-town autonomies. Among them, there are only a handful of stand-alone documents; and by far the most official oath forms. It is no coincidence that the records from towns and markets emphasizing the Slovenian linguistic image of the population have been preserved, since the bulk of these texts was created in these environments simply because there was a need for them. The vocabulary used is a faithful reflection of the actual terms used in administrative and legal terminology, often adapted German words, and loanwords. The first imperative of the writers of Slovenian official oath texts was their understandability, as they were mainly intended for oral use and wide audiences.

Keywords: town autonomy • market-town autonomy • legal texts • Slovenian language • the official language of official functioning • municipality
Roman Inscription from Materija (Istria) Legal Relations and Disputes Between Local Community of Rundictes and Senator Gaius Laecanius Bassus
Authors: Milotić Ivan , Petrak Marko
Published: September 2018

The aim of this paper is to analyze Roman inscription recovered in Materija (Istria) from the legal point of view. Starting from the text of the inscription and critical analysis of its diverse interpretations (given by archaeologists, historians and legal historians), the very aim of the authors is to examine the precise legal contents of the inscription in the context of Roman law. The study will be supported by comparative analysis with other relevant Roman legal sources and epigraphic material.
Some Thoughts on the System of Tasks of the Local Autonomies Related to the Organisation of Personal Social Care
Authors: Hoffman István
Published: September 2018

In the modern post-industrial societies services are becoming the greatest part of the economy, and through the reallocating role of state – even after the millennium changes – the role of the services organised by the communities is exceptionally high. One of these services is the social care granted by the state and (its parts) the local governments. In my article I summarise the roles of local communities and local governments of some European and non-European states in the organisation of social care. The practical and theoretical legal terms of social assistance and personal social services are presented as well as the general characteristics of models (settlement or regional municipality based) of the organisation of the services. There is also a short description of general financing issues.
The Significance of the Implementation of Human Rights in the Functioning of Economic Operators for the Prevention of the Causes of Economic and Broader Social Crisis
Authors: Korže Branko
Published: September 2018

In this paper the author substantiates a thesis that the reason for the emergence of the economic and general social crisis lies in the withdrawal of European countries from the legislatively proclaimed model of a social market state and the assumption of neoliberal principles, which are the basis of economic globalization. He finds that globalization gave rise to numerous negative social phenomena resulting from the predominance of the economic interests of capital over other social values.  The reestablishment of the functioning of the market–social state in Europe that would be based on human rights could significantly contribute to the elimination of the causes of the crisis. The enforcement of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (Ruggi’s Guiding Principles) would mean the first step towards the change in principles and neoliberalism in the world and its negative effects.
Administrative Capacity of Local Governments: Political Dimensions
Authors: Rožen Tomaž
Published: September 2018

Local self government units fulfill their existence with providing participation, autonomy and efficiency as three main principles of local democracy. They can achieve these principles only with adequate and sufficient administrative capacity. We acknowledge four groups of factors for building administrative capacity. These factors are on state and local level. In article and through research we present a conceptual model of factors for building administrative capacity. Four groups are political, economical, administrative-organizational and social factors that influence capacity. In article we put in focus political group of factors on local level. Article gives a lot of directions for further explorations and empirical testing.
Transfers-induced gerrymandering under decentralization in the Philippines
Authors: Capuno Joseph
Published: September 2018

While gerrymandering in developing countries is often pushed by local authorities to secure political advantages, fiscal grants systems under decentralization may also result in the same. We investigate this issue to identify the correlates of the growth in the number of cities in the Philippines in 2001-2010. Using a panel of municipal-level data, population pressure is found to be the main factor that drives cityhood. Also, the likelihood of the same ruling political family to remain in office in 2010 is found to be higher in new cities. Reforms in the country's fiscal transfer program are suggested.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Local Revenue Mobilization in Kumasi, Ghana
Authors: Ankamah Samuel Siebie , Yao Feng
Published: September 2018

The paper evaluates the effectiveness of local revenue mobilization in the Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly (KMA), Ghana. The indicators for the evaluation included the Revenue Performance Index (RPI), Financial Autonomy Index (FAI) and Local Finance Support Index (LFSI). Both the primary and secondary sources of data were used as well as the employment of quantitative and qualitative data analysis methods. The paper reveals that KMA depends more on transfers to finance its development. There is therefore the need for the assembly to outline pragmatic measures to increase its Internally Generated Fund (IGF).
Local Government Reforms in Federal Brazil, India and South Africa: A Comparative Overview
Authors: Do Vale Helder
Published: September 2018

This article examines the changes at the local level of government that have been taking place in Brazil, India and South Africa for the past thirty years as a result of complex federal decision-making processes. I summarize the most important federal traits of these countries and identify the role of key institutions behind the fiscal, political and administrative changes in local governments. The article draws on the institutional processes to dissect the anatomy of local government reforms in these countries and concludes that although the changes in local government structures and powers have been taken against the background of transition to democracy and/or democratic deepening, the scope of change in local government varied.
The Use of Analogy in the Administrative Law
Authors: Kerestes Tomaz , Repas Martina
Published: September 2018

Analogy means that one or more statutory provisions are stripped of their non-essential parts, and in this purified form are applied to cases which are different, but not essentially different from the cases regulated in the statute. This is an important legal method. In Anglo-American law it is relevant for the analysis of case law applicability. In Civilian legal tradition it is the predominant form of gap-filling. This method is of highest importance in the civil law and significantly curtailed in the criminal and administrative criminal law. The open question is the application of various forms of analogy in administrative law. Authors analyze the legal framework for application of analogy in administrative law and the methods of its application. Special problem of analogy in administrative law are the limits of application.
Corruption Capture of Local Self-Governments in Slovenia
Authors: Škrbec Jure , Dobovšek Bojan
Published: September 2018

The paper analyses how corruption affects the Rule of Law in Slovenian local self-governments through qualitative analysis of corruption cases and interviews. We discovered that corruption, its influence on local society is increasing, where everyone (especially mayors) attempts to avoid obligations and find loopholes into the law in order to benefit. There is a common belief that illegal behaviour and negative consequences to the Rule of Law is due to human greed and the role of informal networks. The main consequences are increasing levels of negative economic effects, mistrust in public institutions, inequality and environmental destruction.
Some Thoughts on the Main European Models of the Municipal Health Services
Authors: Hoffman István
Published: September 2018

Generally the settlement and intermediate level municipalities play an important role in providing health care. Therefore the local communities are responsible for organizing of the majority of the public health services in decentralized model, where the settlement level self-governments organize the basic (primary) health services and the intermediate level local governments the outpatient and inpatient cares. Decentralized model is typical but not general in Europe: the central governments are widely responsible for the provision of the health services in several countries. In the centralized model the local governments are not – or just in small scale (health planning and basic services) – responsible for the health services.
Universal Health Services
Authors: Rogelj Aljaž , Brezovnik Boštjan
Published: September 2018

All EU nationals have the right to health services that are affordable for everyone under the same conditions. Sector-specific regulations provide that health services are services of general interest that must be implemented through a national legal framework. The state must design the universal health services in a way that respects the principle of public health service affordability for all citizens. In the study, we focused on understanding the legal framework which serves as foundation the regulating universal health services in Slovenia, sector-specific regulations and other acts, and tried to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the Slovenian legal framework. Our efforts have been directed towards studying the legislative framework of the European Union and defining the legal guidelines that establish the legal framework for universal health service creation.
European Foundation - An Opportunity at the Local Level
Authors: Pšeničnik Dušan , Kotlarik Michal
Published: September 2018

In February 2012 the European Commission presented a proposal for a Regulation on the Statute for a European Foundation (FE). Foundations play an important role in the EU civil society with significant public benefit contributions at national, regional and local level. This paper provides a general introduction to this tentative European legal entity – Fundatio Europaea. Special focus is given to the possible opportunities and challenges the European Foundation could present at the local and (cross-border) regional (governmental) level if this regulation was ever adopted. Authors bring in also a special focus on the national perspectives of Slovenia and Slovakia.
Tax Compliance and Corporate Income Tax – The Case of Slovenia
Authors: Lesnik Tomaz , Kracun Davorin , Jagric Timotej
Published: September 2018

In this paper, we examine corporate income tax compliance dependence in the case of Slovenia by applying regression analysis. We have found that both penalty activities and audits are statistically significant. Moreover, in terms of the most important variables, both of the tax administration’s activities had varying effects. While penalties showed a positive impact and fell behind the macroeconomic explanatory variables, we could also observe that the effects of audit measures had a negligible influence on the dependant variable. Such a result is not in accordance with the results of other studies that investigated the influence of audits on the level of tax compliance.
Tax Law as an Independent Branch of Law in Central and Eastern European Countries
Authors: Radvan Michal
Published: September 2018

Tax law science has a longstanding tradition in the USA and Western Europe and is sufficiently advanced that the question is hardly even posed whether tax law can be considered an independent branch of law. In contrast, Central and Eastern European legal science has only recently admitted the independent existence of financial law. Financial law, however, is a very broad area of law covering public finance, the financial sector (banking, insurance, capital markets), currency and foreign exchange, accounting, etc. In the next phase of development of financial law it will be necessary to react to these facts, which will without doubt lead to a diversification of financial law. The main goal of this article is to confirm or refute the hypothesis that tax law is an independent branch of law in Central and Eastern European countries, specifically in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland and Hungary. For that purpose the criteria for being considered an independent branch of law are analyzed, namely: separate and specific object of legal regulation, method of legal regulation, system and system coherence of legal norms, and social acceptance of the branch.
Could performance audits promote governance effectively? The case of the Spanish municipalities.
Authors: Pontones Rosa Carolina , Pérez Morote Rosario , Muñoz Colomina Clara Isabel
Published: September 2018

Using as a starting point the close relationship between the concepts of governance, control and public auditing, this article puts forward the idea of introducing a set of roles and measures in the exercise of external performance auditing, one which would raise the efficiency of audit control in the field of governance. Specifically, it posits a hypothesis regarding how these proposals make a contribution to two essential aspects of local public life: citizens´ participation and the fight against fraud. The work takes Spain as the scene and analyzes its deficiencies and opportunities from a reformist viewpoint. The empirical analysis takes into account the opinions of the main interest groups in local government: internal and external auditors, local politicians, public managers and members of the public represented by local participatory committees. In this way the writers aim to make a contribution to the slim amount of empirical literature existing in this field and suggest ways to make improvements in the professional field of auditing and its national configuration.
Does Voluntary Organizations’ Preparedness Matter in Enhancing Emergency Management of County Governments?
Authors: Kim Jung Wook , Jung Kyujin
Published: September 2018

While voluntary organizations have played a critical role in preparing for and responding to disasters, few have intentionally examined the preparedness of voluntary organizations, which are fundamentally required to enhance local emergency management. The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between the preparedness of voluntary organizations and their effectiveness on local emergency management. By using a survey data collected among county governments in the United States, this research tests the effect of voluntary organizations’ preparedness on local emergency management. The results show that the voluntary organizations' preparedness behaviors such as their participation in local emergency planning as well as training, education, and resources for local emergency management positively affect their effectiveness on local emergency management. The findings imply that systemic volunteer management can build more effective emergency management systems through cohesive and comprehensive collaboration between public and voluntary organizations.
Administrative Leadership and Situational Antecedents in the Romanian Public Administration
Authors: Țiclău Tudor , Hințea Cristina
Published: September 2018

Leadership is a complex phenomenon that is hard to study and understand by looking solely at leaders (be it traits, behavior or competencies). Previous researches (House et. al., 2004) indicate significant variance in leadership depending on situational and cultural factors. In this research we explore the antecedent conditions that lead to unique administrative leadership styles observed in the Romanian public administration, by making a distinction between cultural, political and administrative antecedents. The study population consists of civil servants occupying a managerial position. Initial results indicate that cultural values are similar to the ECC cluster from the GLOBE study, a preference for NWS (Neo Weberian State) type of organization, low trust between politicians and civil servants and predominantly transformational leadership behaviours. Low response rate (approx. 7%) led to a rather small sample (N=188), which negatively influences the possibility of generalizing the findings.
Protecting Public Interest in Financial Crisis
Authors: Škof Bojan , Pollick Matej , Kobal Aleš
Published: September 2018

The financial crisis has been ongoing from beginning of year 2008 and we still have not reached a point of recovery throughout the European Union. Many European countries, such as Greece, Portugal, Ireland, Spain and Cyprus, received the financial help of international organisations (notably the International Monetary Fund, the European Central bank and the European Commission). Taking into account the public interest as the ultimate goal and objective of the system-wide reforms arising from the start from the financial institutions, namely banks and other financial institutions, it is important to analyse whether the wide economic and social reforms which are still reshaping the democratic setup of these countries really met the public interest objectives. Thus, this article deals with first and foremost the definition of public interest in financial services.
Training Local Elected Officials: Professionalization Amid Tensions Between
Authors: Mevellec Anne , Grenier Félix
Published: September 2018

Over the last few decades, several administrations in Canada have organized programs for training local elected officials (LEOs). While improving LEOs’ competences is beneficial, this trend is developing amidst a persisting tension between democratic and technocratic approaches to governance. Indeed, training - and the professionalization it entails - disrupts the enduring principle holding that everyone is equally authorized to govern following the democratic election. Despite the significance of these transformations, training activities for LEOs have received limited scholarly attention until now. In this paper, we detail our conceptualization of the professionalization process and the role of training programs within it. We then review the existing Canadian training programs for LEOs. We also examine one case study: the main introductory training program for LEOs in Québec (Canada) since 2011. Accordingly, we advance our understanding of training’s effects on elected officials by emphasizing how they contribute to a long-term process of professionalization.
Municipal Tax Autonomy and Tax Mimicking in Czech Municipalities
Authors: Sedmihradská Lucie , Bakoš Eduard
Published: September 2018

Property tax autonomy of the Czech municipalities is quite narrow and to great extent unused. Perceived political costs of its usage are high and only 8% of municipalities utilized the possibility to increase the tax rates through so called local coefficient.

Using the binary logit model and a full sample and two subsamples of Czech municipalities in 2014 the existence of tax mimicking is confirmed regardless the subsample of municipalities considered or the definition of neighbors applied. The likelihood to increase the local coefficient is to some extent influenced by the composition of the municipal council and local demographic, geographic and fiscal situation. However, the overall capacity of the model to indicate municipalities which apply local coefficient is low and suggests that there are many other or different situations or factors which result in application of local coefficient.
Does Local Democracy Perform Better in Smaller Jurisdictions? Survey Evidence from Poland
Authors: Gendzwill Adam , Swianiewicz Pawel
Published: September 2018

The article investigates the relationship between the size of municipality and the functioning of local democracy in Poland. It discusses advantages and disadvantages of scale observable in local democratic institutions, and citizens’ political attitudes and behaviour. The empirical evidence is based on a survey of citizens conducted in 2015. A set of multi-level regression models is presented in order to account for individual- and municipality-level effects. The results generally support the argument that local democracy performs better in smaller municipalities. The negative effects of scale are visible in the case of political interest, citizens’ efficacy, and civic engagement, but no relation between size and local attachment was found in Poland.
Independent Candidates in the Local Elections of 2014 in the Czech Republic and Slovakia: Analysis of Determinants of Their Successfulness
Authors: Maškarinec Pavel , Klimovský Daniel
Published: September 2018

The goal of this article is to test various factors which can potentially explain differences in independents’ representation at the local level in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. As the size of a municipality was the almost single factor, whose influence was in both countries at the same direction, together with the generally rather low levels of explained variability, we suggest that for a more adequate explanation of the independents’ successfulness, we need to look for other indicators that could far better than the usual socio-demographic variables characterize the form of political competition in the specific municipalities, particularly in those which are associated with a specific political culture or other indicators of similar type, which can be difficult to abstract from aggregate data and their use would require the implementation of specific research on the local level.
Does e-participation Influence and Improve Political Decision Making Processes? Evidence From a Local Government
Authors: Alonso Ángel Iglesias , Barbeito Roberto Luciano
Published: September 2018

In Local Governments, the quality of representative democracy is also measured by the extent to which demands of citizens and groups influence the agendas of local politicians. In this context, the potential of Internet and the NIT as tools that encourage participation, exchange and deliberation, have not been fully explored by either the local elites or the citizens to foster the discursive and decision-making dimensions of local democracy. But despite the growing importance of e-participation in improving local democracy, it remains unclear to what extent it also contributes to the introduction of new repertoires of action to improve efficiency and quality of local public service provision and, therefore, involving citizens meaningfully in the decision-making process continues to be a challenge. With this in mind and using recent empirical evidence from the current development of e-participation to improve administrative performance in a large city government, intended to enhance not only local democracy but also better decision-making, the paper focus on this gap on research by exploring to what extent e-participation contributes to foster, influence and improve local decision-making.
Which Local Self-Governments Seek More Collaboration? Evidence from Interlocal Collaboration for Economic Development in South Korea
Authors: Im Eunok , Jeon So Hee , Kim Jonghwan (Simon)
Published: September 2018

Existing studies on interlocal collaboration have focused on whether or not to form collaboration. However, we examine the extent to which local governments collaborate with each other. We measure collaboration by the number of partnering local governments in different partnerships, and test hypotheses on the potential factors affecting the degree of collaboration among local governments from a resource-based view. With a sample of 70 partnerships established for local economic development among 116 local governments in South Korea, we find that local governments with less financial resources and private sector capacity are likely to establish more collaborative partnerships. By contrast, local governments with more human resources are likely to build more partnerships with others.
Conceptualization of Political Corruption, Perceptions of Corruption, and Political Participation in Democracies
Authors: Navot Doron , Beeri Itai
Published: September 2018

This study empirically examines relationships between conceptions of political corruption, perceived levels of corruption, and political participation among members of the public. Based on a field study of 298 Israelis, we show that the effects of perceived levels of corruption on participation are significantly influenced by how citizens conceptualize corruption. The public's conceptions of corruption influence whether and how they will participate. The findings provide strong evidence that while the perceived extent of political corruption is a powerful determinant of participation, the public's conception of corruption must not be overlooked. Rather, both factors should be considered as important indicators of participation.