bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histone Deacetylase-2 Serves as an Independent Prognostic Indicator in Osteosarcoma
Authors: Wang Dawei , Ye Youchen , Qu Tingting , Zhao Zhifang , Gu Zenghui , Zheng Jie , Hu Xugang
Published: December 2020

Background Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of skeleton in adolescence. Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), a member of class I histone deacetylase, is putatively involved in tumorigenesis of human malignancies. This study aimed to evaluate the expression pattern and prognostic value of HDAC2 in osteosarcoma.Methods Four datasets were obtained from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database to explore the expression and prognostic value of HDAC2. Level 3 mRNA expression profiles and clinical data were obtained in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) for validation. Expression pattern of HDAC2 were illustrated in GSE16088, GSE36001 and GSE42352. The prognostic value of HDAC2 was evaluated and validated by Kaplan-Meier analyses, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve in GSE21257 and TCGA. Multivariate Cox regression analysis, nomogram, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were performed to assess the prognosis predictive capability. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were applied to further understand the molecular network and regulatory mechanisms.Results HDAC2 expression was significantly increased in osteosarcoma tissues. High HDAC2 expression was associated with tumor metastasis and chemotherapy efficacy. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that high HDAC2 predicted worse overall survival. The ROC curve showed good performance in survival prediction. Cox regression demonstrated that HDAC2 could be an independent prognostic indicator. GSEA revealed patients with high HDAC2 expression were enriched with multiple ontological signatures.Conclusions Elevated expression of HDAC2 may identify an aggressive subgroup in osteosarcoma and serve as an independent prognostic indicator in these patients.
Weight Change from Early to Middle Adulthood and Incident Asthma Later in Life: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Tao , Zhou Yunping , Kong Nan , Zhang Jianzhong , Cheng Guo , Zheng Yuxin
Published: December 2020

Background: Data describing the effects of weight change across adulthood on asthma are important for the prevention of asthma. This study aimed to investigate the association between weight change from early to middle adulthood and risk of incident asthma.Methods: Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we performed a nationally retrospective cohort study of the U.S. general population. A total of 20 771 people aged 40-74 years with recalled weight at young and middle adulthood were included in the cohort. Hazard ratios relating weight change to incident asthma over 10 years of follow-up were calculated using Cox models adjusting for covariates.Results: Compared with participants with stable non-obesity between young and middle adulthood, the hazard ratios of incident asthma were 1.63 (95% confidence interval 1.29 to 2.07) for weight gain (non-obesity to obesity), 1.41 (0.97 to 2.05) for stable obesity, and 1.21 (0.41 to 3.62) for weight loss (obesity to non-obesity). In addition, participants who gained more than 20 kg had a hazard ratio of 1.53 (1.15 to 2.03), compared with those whose weight had remained stable. When stratified by sex, the association between weight gain and incident asthma was seen only in females. Population attributable fraction calculations estimated that 10.2% of adult-onset asthma could be averted, if all those who were non-obesity at early adulthood could prevent weight gain by midlife. Conclusion: The findings implied that maintaining normal weight across adulthood, especially preventing weight gain in early adulthood, was important for preventing adult-onset asthma.
Pterostilbene Alleviates Pulmonary Fibrosis by Regulating ASIC2
Authors: Peng Yanfang , Zhang Yingwen , Zhang Yabing , Wang Xiuping , Xia Yukun , Ye Taisheng , Wu Zhaoyan , Ke Haoliang
Published: December 2020

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a serious chronic disease of the respiratory system, and its current treatment have certain shortcomings and adverse effects. In this study, we evaluate the anti-fibrotic activity of pterostilbene (PTE) using an IPF model induced by TGF-β1 in vitro.Methods: A549 and AEC cells were incubated with 10 ng/ml TGF-β1 to induce lung fibroblast activation. 30 μmol/L PTE was used to treat the cells. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and autophagy of cells were suggested by western blot. The apoptosis was proved by flow cytometry analysis and western blot. Transcriptome high-throughput sequencing on A549 cells incubated with TGF-β1 alone or TGF-β1 and PTE (TGF-β1+PTE) was performed, and differentially expressed genes caused by PTE were identified. The ASIC2 overexpression plasmid was used to rescue the protein level of ASIC2 in A549 and AEC cells.Results: TGF-β1 caused the EMT and accumulation of ECM, and blocked the autophagy and apoptosis of A549 and AEC cells. Most importantly, 30 μmol/L PTE inhibited the pulmonary fibrosis induced by TGF-β1. Compared with cells treated with TGF-β1, PTE treatment inhibited the EMT and accumulation of ECM, and rescued cell apoptosis and autophagy. The results of transcriptome high-throughput sequencing performed that PTE greatly reduced the protein level of ASIC2. In addition, compared with the TGF-β1+PTE group, the transfection of ASIC2 overexpression plasmid stimulated the EMT and accumulation of ECM, and inhibited apoptosis and autophagy, suggesting that PTE inhibited pulmonary fibrosis by down-regulating ASIC2. Conclusions: In conclusion, our study suggests that PTE and ASIC2 inhibitors may benefit future IPF treatments.
Change of Collective Orientation Through an Interprofessional Training with Medical Students and Student Nurses Depending on Presence and Professional Group
Authors: Flentje Markus , Hagemann Vera , Breuer Georg , Bintaro Philip , Eismann Hendrik
Published: December 2020

Background: Teamwork is an important success factors for treatment of patients. The willingness of a healthcare provider to work in a team can be descripted with the construct of “Collective Orientation” (CO). The level of CO can be trained and is related to team performance. In this study, we investigated the effect of a simulator-based interprofessional training on the subject of patient fall in a hospital setting upon participations CO. To evaluate whether the course could be integrated into a longitudinal education concept, the participants were medical students and student nurses. Since effects of simulations can be influenced by the perceived reality, the results were measured as a function of Presence.Method: In this observation study 62 medical students and student nurses took part in a total of six one-day interprofessional simulations training with the topic patient fall. The primary outcome was the mean difference between the CO measured immediately before (T1) and after the training. Presence of the participants in the scenarios was measured by questionnaire immediately after the course. (T2). Results: Cronbach´s alpha for all scales and measurement points was higher than .69. CO increases over all professional groups from M=3.42 (SD=.39) to M=3.68 (SD=.54) significantly (p<.00; r=.5). Only the subscale “Dominance” in the professional group of the student nurses did not increase significantly. There was no correlation between presence and the change in CO. Conclusion The questionnaires of CO and Presence can be applied to medical students and student nurses. The simulation course with the topic patient fall influences the CO and can be integrated in a longitudinal curriculum of teamwork training. The subscale “Dominance” of student nurses did not change. Preparatory learning units may increase the effects. The perceived reality of the scenario is not a main success factor.
Amelanotic Metastatic Gastric Malignant Melanoma: A Case Report
Authors: Min Min , Daya Zhang , Guanjun Zhang , Zhanbo Wang , Li mingyang
Published: December 2020

BackgroundMelanoma is a cutaneous form of disease with an increasing incidence since 1970s, especially in western countries, accounting for nearly 75% of the death related to skin cancer. Clinical outcome varies a lot among different subtypes, and highest recurrence and mortality were observed within the type with distal metastasis. Furthermore, high incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) metastasis of malignant melanoma is frequently misdiagnosed due to lack of specific clinical manifestations. Amelanotic melanoma metastasis, especially the gastrointestinal metastasis, was rarely observed in clinical practice, accounting for only about 2% of all metastatic cases.Case presentationIn the present study, we report a 36-year-old male patient with gastric cancer, who was diagnosed as amelanotic melanoma by Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, demonstrating positive staining for melanoma markers including Melan A, S-100, Hmb45 and CD79a.ConclusionsIn conclusion, for the colorless tumor metastases found during gastroscopy in melanoma patients, detailed pathological examination should be carried out in combination with previous medical history to determine the nature of the tumor and treatment regime.
Effects of supplements differing in fatty acid profile to late gestational beef cows on cow performance, calf growth performance, and gene expression
Authors: Shao Taoqi , Ireland Frank A. , McCann Joshua C. , Shike Daniel W.
Published: December 2020

Background

Maternal nutrition during gestation affects fetal development, which has long-term programming effects on offspring postnatal growth performance. However, limited research is available for fetal programming effects of fatty acid supplementation on beef cattle. With a critical role in protein and lipid metabolism, essential fatty acids can influence the development of muscle and adipose tissue. The experiment investigated the effects of late gestation supplements, either rich in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (CON) or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), on cow performance and subsequent calf growth performance as well as gene expression in longissimus muscle (LM) and subcutaneous adipose tissue.
Results

There was no difference (P ≥ 0.32) in cow body weight (BW) or body condition score from pre-supplementation through weaning. There were treatment × time interactions (P ≤ 0.05) for plasma C18:3 and C20:4 concentrations, in which C18:3 and C20:4 of both CON and PUFA cows were greater at mid-supplementation than those at calving, while CON cows at birth had the intermediate concentrations. Cow plasma C20:0, C20:5, and C22:6 were increased (P ≤ 0.01) in PUFA. At birth, PUFA steers had greater (P = 0.01) plasma C20:5 and lower (P < 0.01) C18:2 and C18:1. No birth BW or milk production differences were detected (P ≥ 0.45), while CON steers had greater (P = 0.05) weaning BW and tended (P = 0.06) to have greater pre-weaning average daily gain compared to PUFA. There were treatment × time interactions (P ≤ 0.02) for MYH7 and C/EBPβ expressions in LM; expression of MYH7 was greatest in CON at birth, while C/EBPβ was greatest in PUFA steers at weaning. There tended (P = 0.06) to be a treatment × time effect for MYF5, in which expression was the greatest in CON steers at birth. Maternal supplementation of PUFA tended (P ≤ 0.10) to decrease MYOG expression in LM and ZFP423 expression in adipose tissue during the pre-weaning stage.
Conclusions

Late gestation PUFA supplementation decreased pre-weaning growth performance of the subsequent steer progeny compared to CON supplementation, which could have been a result of downregulated expression of myogenic genes during pre-weaning period.
The effect of staged surgical treatment for cubitus valgus after non-union of lateral condylar fracture of distal humerus in older children
Authors: Liu Xin , Xie Li-wei , Deng Zhi-qiang , Ye Jia-jun
Published: December 2020

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of staged surgery (open reduction/internal fixation and osteotomy) for cubitus valgus after non-union of lateral condylar fractures of the distal humerus in older children.Methods: From January 2010 to January 2013, 9 patients were treated with two-staged surgery (open reduction/internal fixation and osteotomy). The study included 5 males and 4 females, with a mean age of 12.7 years. The interval from fracture to the first surgery was 8.2 years on average. All patients had symptoms of injury of the ulnar nerve and instability of the elbow. The first surgery included internal reduction, internal fixation, and bone grafting, exposing the elbow through a lateral approach. The procedure included clearing the peripheric callus and proximal distal fracture end cicatrix with rongeur until cancellous bone was exposed, and fixation of the lateral condylar fragment with a hollow screw 4.0 mm in diameter and smooth Kirschner wire. The limb was immobilized in a long arm cast with the elbow at 90 degrees of flexion and the forearm in neutral rotation for 3 weeks, and active exercises were begun after removal. The second surgery, osteotomy of the supracondylar humerus, was completed after 6 months to correct cubitus valgus. Internal fixation from the osteotomy was removed 6 months later.Results: Six months after the second surgery, follow-up revealed that in all patients the lateral condylar fractures attained clinical union and cubitus valgus was corrected. Elbow function recovered well without arthrochalasis or humeral condylar avascular necrosis. All patients’ ulnar nerve injury symptoms disappeared.Conclusion: Staged surgery to treat cubitus valgus secondary to lateral condylar fracture non-union in older children serves to first provide elbow stability, then to correct cubitus valgus. Staged treatment may make up for the deficiencies of conventional treatment. However, due to our relatively short follow-up time, the long term effects are unknown.
ROMA HUKUKUNDA PROFESYONEL ATLETLER İLE YAPILAN TÜKETİM ÖDÜNCÜ SÖZLEŞMELERİ
Authors: ATAK Ali Selkor
Published: December 2020

Antik Çağ’da varlıklı bir aileye mensup olmayan profesyonel atletler, beslenme, antrenman ve yarışmalara katılmak için seyahat etme zorunluluğundan doğan giderleri karşılama olanağından yoksundular. Bu masrafları karşılayabilmek için tüketim ödüncü sözleşmeleri yaparak para ödünç almak zorunda kalmaktaydılar. Roma hukukunda profesyonel atletler ile yapılan tüketim ödüncü sözleşmeleri, olağan tüketim ödüncü sözleşmelerine nazaran farklı özellikler taşımaktaydı. Öncelikle bir profesyonel atlet katıldığı yarışmalardan zafer ve ödül kazanmadığı sürece almış olduğu ödüncü ödemek zorunda değildi. Atletlerle yapılan tüketim ödüncü sözleşmelerinin olağan tüketim ödüncü sözleşmelerinden ayrıldığı diğer bir nokta faiz konusundaydı. Olağan bir tüketim ödüncü sözleşmesinde faiz talep edilebilmesi için bunun ödünç sözleşmesinden ayrı olarak stipulatio adı verilen sözlü şekle bağlı bir sözleşme ile ayrıca taahhüt edilmiş olması gerekiyordu. Atletler ile yapılan tüketim ödüncü sözleşmelerinde ise, şekle bağlı olmayan bir “pactum”un (anlaşmanın) yapılması, faiz talep edilebilmesi için yeterli görülüyordu ve stipulatio yapılması zorunluluğu aranmıyordu. Atletlerle yapılan tüketim ödüncü sözleşmeleri bu yönleriyle deniz ödüncü sözleşmelerine benzerlik göstermekteydi.
COVID-19 SALGINI SÜRECİNDE AVRUPA’DA SAĞLIK OLANAKLARINA ERİŞİME GETİRİLEN KISITLAMALAR İLE YAŞAMA HAKKININ İHLALİ ARASINDAKİ BAĞIN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: BEKTAŞ Mehmet Halil M , REÇBER Kamuran
Published: December 2020

Coğrafyadan bağımsız olarak olağanüstü koşullarda normal zamanlarda olmazsa olmaz özellik atfedilen kaideler dahi askıya alınabilmektedir. Bu sebeple, olağanüstü durumlarda toplumların özellikle insan haklarını koruma mekanizmalarının etkinliği test edilir. Yeni koronavirüs salgını (COVID-19) tüm dünyada insanların günlük yaşamına emsali görülmemiş olumsuz bir etki bırakmış, Avrupa devletleri de bu süreçte çeşitli tedbirlere başvurarak bazı temel kişisel hürriyetlere kısıtlamalar getirmiştir. Salgının hızla yayılıp kayıpların ciddi boyutlara ulaştığı İngiltere, Fransa, İtalya ve İspanya gibi Avrupa ülkelerinde sağlık altyapıları yetersiz kalmış ve kısıtlı sağlık imkânlarının tahsisinde yaşama şansı yüksek olan hastalara öncelik tanıyan “önceliklendirme” uygulamasına gidilmiştir. Lakin bu uygulama, sağlık hizmetlerinden mahrum bırakılan hastaların yaşama hakkının ihlal edildiğine dair tartışmaları da beraberinde getirmiştir. Mevcut çalışma, “önceliklendirme” uygulamasını Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi’nin (AİHS) ilgili düzenlemeleri ve Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi (AİHM) içtihadı açısından ele alarak, bu uygulamadan dolayı sağlık hizmetlerinde yaşanan mahrumiyetin yaşama hakkını ihlal edip etmediğini ve bu sebeple ilgili Avrupa devletlerine sorumluluk isnat edilip edilmeyeceğini incelemiştir.
The problem of the availability of intra-pharmaceutical drugs (on the example of the Irkutsk region)
Authors:   Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education - Branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Russia, Irkutsk, Moroz T.L. , Ryzhova O.A. ,   Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education - Branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Russia, Irkutsk
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Due to the high demand for custom-made medicines, the aim of this study was to analyze the physical availability of custom-made medicines for the population of the Irkutsk region. Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of the number of production pharmacies in the Irkutsk region in 2000 and 2019 was carried out. The analysis of the problems of opening production pharmacies is carried out. Results. The analysis found that in 2000 in the Irkutsk region there were 166 production pharmacies, and in 2019 only 19 remained, i.e. there was a decrease in the number of municipal production pharmacies by 9 times. According to the regional Ministry of Health, 195.5 thousand people (8.2% of the region’s population) are not able to receive pharmaceutical products manufactured at the pharmacy due to the closure of municipal pharmacies in 8 districts. Conclusion. To resolve the most difficult situation, it is necessary at the state level: to determine the need for drugs for extreme production by assortment and analyze the range of analog industrial production available on the global pharmaceutical market, organize their registration in the Russian Federation and subsequent purchases; to consider the possibility of opening in large cities production according to GMP standards and the production of necessary medicines with a longer shelf life for the needs of organizations and the public and their delivery to consumers.
PLANLAMADA EVRENSEL TASARIM İLKELERİ İLE ERİŞİLEBİLİRLİK AĞI TASARIMI, İZMİT KENT MERKEZİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ERGİN Gürkan , ECEMİŞ KILIÇ Sibel , EFE Mercan
Published: December 2020

1997’de geliştirilen “evrensel tasarım ilkeleri” ve 2007 yılında gündeme gelen “Birleşmiş Milletler Engelli Kişilerin Haklarına Dair Uluslararası Sözleşmesi” engellilere duyarlılığı şehir planlama ve kentsel tasarımın gündemine taşımıştır. Ulaşım altyapısı, toplu taşım sistemi, yaya ve bisiklet erişimi, kentsel sosyal alt yapı alanları, kent merkez ve alt merkezlerinin konumları gibi planlama alanında üretilen kararlar kentin erişilebilirliğinin önemli belirleyicileri olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Ancak konuya ilişkin uygulamalar ve akademik çalışmaların daha çok ergonomik standartlara temellendiği; mimari ve kentsel tasarım ölçeklerinde ele alındığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada İzmit kent merkezi örneğinde evrensel tasarım ilkeleri kentsel ölçekte ele alınarak kapsamlı, bütüncül, sürekliliği olan ve fiziksel planlama çalışmalarında kullanılabilecek somut bir altlık üretilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Sonuç olarak yerleşimin engellilik derecesini ortaya koyan erişilebilirlik bölgeleri haritalanmış ve değerlendirilmiştir. Kentsel ölçekte planlama çalışmalarına yön vermek ve öncelikli müdahale alan ve biçimlerini belirlemek üzere, tanımlanan alt bölgeleri birbirine bağlayan ve kentsel hareketliliğin en yoğun olarak gerçekleştiği varsayılan öncelikli erişilebilirlik ağı tespit edilmiştir.
KONTRIBUSI VIRTUAL LABORATORY PADA PEMBELAJARAN GUIDED-INQUIRY MATERI LARUTAN PENYANGGA TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR DAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS
Authors: Arfa Nafilatul , Harjono Harjono , Sumarni Woro , Nuswowati Murbangun
Published: December 2020

AbstractPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar kontribusi aplikasi virtual laboratory pada pembelajaran guided-inquiry terhadap hasil belajar dan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis (KBK) siswa. Desain penelitian menggunakan pre-test post-test control group design. Penelitian dilakukan di SMA Negeri 1 Kedungwuni. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI MIPA tahun ajaran 2018/2019, dengan sampel penelitian yaitu XI MIPA 2 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan XI MIPA 3 sebagai kelas kontrol. kelas eksperimen dilakukan pembelajaran guided-inquiry berbantuan virtual laboratory disertai demonstrasi, kelas kontrol dilakukan pembelajaran dengan guided-inquiry dengan metode demonstrasi. Kedua kelas melakukan eksperimen riil setelah pemberian perlakuan. Metode pengumpulan data melalui tes bentuk two-tier, dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata hasil belajar dan KBK kelas eksperimen lebih baik dari kelas kontrol dan diperoleh bahwa virtual laboratory pada pembelajaran guided-inquiry berkontribusi terhadap hasil belajar sebesar 14,57% dan kontribusi terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis sebesar 20,54%.Kata kunci: Hasil Belajar, Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis, Pembelajaran Guided-Inquiry, Virtual Laboratory
Eğitim Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Akıllı Telefonlara Yönelik Algıları: Metafor Analizi ile Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: ÇETİN GÜNDÜZ Yrd. Doç. Dr. Hicran , KIZIL ASLAN Zeynep , GÜÇLÜ Cansu Hazal
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı eğitim fakültesi öğrencilerinin akıllı telefonlara ilişkin algılarını incelemektir. Nitel araştırma yönteminin kullanıldığı çalışmada metaforlardan yararlanılmış ve veriler içerik analizi ile incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın araştırma grubunu Ankara’da yer alan bir vakıf üniversitesinde 2018-2019 bahar döneminde öğrenim gören 272 eğitim fakültesi öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin toplanma sürecinde öğrencilere “akıllı telefon benim için ….. gibidir çünkü ……” cümlesi verilmiş ve tamamlamaları istenmiştir. Akıllı telefonlar ile ilgili 208 metafor oluşturulmuş ve metaforlar 9 tema altında toplanmıştır. Temalar, vazgeçilmez ve zorunlu bir araç olarak telefon, kolaylaştırıcı ve işlevsel bir araç olarak telefon, bağımlılık yaratan bir araç olarak telefon, eğlence kaynağı olarak telefon, sosyal destek aracı olarak telefon, bilgi edinme aracı olarak telefon, iletişim ve erişim aracı olarak telefon, dengeli kullanılması gereken bir araç olarak telefon ve vazgeçilebilir bir araç olarak telefon olarak isimlendirilmiştir. Üretilen metaforlar değerlendirildiğinde, katılımcıların akıllı telefonları hayatlarının vazgeçilmez ve kolaylaştırıcı bir parçası olarak gördükleri ve çoğunlukla telefonların olumlu etki ve özelliklerini belirttikleri görülmektedir.
Salvar el pueblo, gobernar las almas. La Iglesia católica y la emergencia de lo social en Colombia (1908-1950)
Authors: Mejía Guevara Mario Andrés
Published: December 2020

Colombia conoce, en las primeras décadas del siglo XX, una profunda transformación modernizadora. Fisionomía espacial, relaciones productivas, tipos de conocimientos, formas de socialización, subjetividades, entre otros, experimentan transformaciones nunca antes vistas. Se trata de transformaciones en que la Iglesia católica asumió un comportamiento proactivo, concretamente en el campo social. Este libro analiza en detalle la articulación que la Iglesia católica hizo entre saber y poder durante el proceso de modernización del país. Estrategia que la convirtió a la postre en una de las fuerzas constitutivas de lo social en Colombia y en uno de los competidores políticos por el gobierno de los hombres.
Homonym Comprehension and Definition of School-Aged Children with Language Learning Disabilities in First to Third Grades
Authors: Park Hyo-Seong , Chang Hyun-Jin , Kim Jin-Dong
Published: December 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the ability to define and comprehend homonyms among lower elementary school children with language learning disabilities (LLD).Methods: A total of 23 students, consisting of 10 LLD students and 13 typically developing (TD) students, were recruited for this study. All students were tested to check their ability of defining and understanding homonyms.Results: Comparing two groups, the overall definition accuracy and comprehension ability of homonyms were significantly lower at LLD group than TD group. In addition, when comparing the accuracy of individual definitions and ability to comprehend homophones according to the conditions (dominant/subordinate meaning) between the two groups, the LLD group showed lower performance than the TD group in both abilities. Both groups were found to have more difficulty with the subordinate meaning than with the dominant meaning. LLD group have difficulties at defining homonym than TD group in both meaning. On the other hand, the LLD group showed lower performance than the TD group in their ability to comprehend subordinate meaning. There was no difference between the two groups in the ability to understand the dominant meaning.Conclusion: Therefore, when determining interventions for grade 1 to 3 students having learning disabilities, proper contextual clues should be used to improve their homonym comprehension.
Сравнение вариантов литиевого дивертора для токамака ДЕМО-ТИН
Authors: Скоков В.Г. , Сергеев В.Ю. , Ануфриев Е.А. , Кутеев Б.В.
Published: December 2020

For the DEMO-FNS tokamak being developed in Russia, the choice of the divertor concept with evaporating liquid lithium is discussed, which meets the requirements for removing the heat load from the peripheral plasma and provides an acceptable level of change in the ionic composition of the core plasma. The paper presents the results of numerical modeling and optimization of divertor parameters with several chambers partitioned by slotted nozzles. The parameters of lithium fluxes flowing into the peripheral layer are estimated for the temperature range of the divertor chambers from 500 to 1000 K under gas-kinetic and molecular flow regimes of lithium vapor from the divertor. The fulfilled analysis of processes that reduce the outflow of lithium from the chambers and its penetration into the core plasma volume inside the separatrix showed that sectioning effectively reduces the Li fluxes to acceptable levels of ~ 1020 atoms per second.
Распределение кластеров, сформированных sp-=SUP=-2-=/SUP=-- и sp-=SUP=-3-=/SUP=--связями, в углеродной алмазоподобной тонкой пленке
Authors: Плотников В.А. , Макаров С.В. , Еремеенкова О.О. , Шуткин А.А.
Published: December 2020

Diamond-like thin films obtained by condensation on carbon metal substrates from a vapor-gas phase are presented. Graphite targets were evaporated by defocused laser radiation. Using the hardware-software complex of a scanning probe microscope in the tunnel current mode, the distribution of regions with sp2 and sp3 bonds in a diamond-like film is analyzed. It is shown that the structure of a diamond-like film consists of large diamond non-conducting fragments with sp3 bonds, along the boundaries of which current regions with sp2 bonds are localized.
Диспергирование наночастиц дислокациями как причина циклической нестабильности функциональных свойств сплава Ni-Fe-Ga-Co
Authors: Малыгин Г.А.
Published: December 2020

В рамках теории размытых мартенситных переходов обсуждается физический механизм циклической неустойчивости функциональных свойств не отожженных после роста (as grown) кристаллов сплава Ni49Fe18Ga27Co6, подвергаемых термомеханическим циклам: сжатие в направлении [011] --- возврат деформации памяти формы при нагреве. Циклирование приводит к существенному снижению напряжений сжатия и их стабилизации после 9-10 термомеханических циклов. Расчеты показали, что снижение напряжений связано с диспергированием (разупорядочиванием) антифазных доменов дислокациями скольжения. В результате антифазная нанодоменная сверхструктура B2 неотожженного кристалла превращается в L21-структуру, характерную для отожженных при высокой температуре кристаллов этого сплава после их роста. Ключевые слова: сплавы с эффектом памяти формы, циклическая нестабильность свойств, диспергирование наночастиц, антифазные нанодомены, сверхструктура сплава.
Динамика теплового излучения, сопровождающего конденсацию паров вольфрама в газообразном и сверхтекучем гелии
Authors: Карабулин А.В. , Кулиш М.И. , Матюшенко В.И. , Степанов М.Е.
Published: December 2020

In this work the cooling of the products of pulsed laser ablation of a tungsten target in vacuum, helium gas and in liquid superfluid helium was investigated by pyrometric measurements. It was shown that quantitative measurements of the characteristics of thermal emission make it possible to clarify the features of the mechanisms of the condensation processes of nanostructures in these media. The obtained data were used to calculate the cross sections of the emitting particles. It was shown that in vacuum mainly submicron particles emit, while in superfluid helium - nanoparticles. The results obtained are confirmed by the data of electron microscopy.
Гистерезис в адгезионном контакте при изменении направления сдвига: эксперимент и феноменологическая модель
Authors: Ляшенко Я.А. , Попов В.Л.
Published: December 2020

A phenomenological model is proposed that describes hysteretic behavior of an adhesive contact between a soft elastomer and a rigid indenter when the direction of the indenter shear is changed. The model takes into account the increase of contact strength with contact time. The dependences of the elastic force and contact radius on the indentation depth were obtained. It is shown that the adhesive strength of the contact increases with an increase in the indentation depth. An experiment on the indentation of a steel spherical indenter into a rubber sheet of a fixed thickness was carried out. A qualitative agreement between the experimental and theoretical results is shown.
Status and Recommendations of Technological and Data-Driven Innovations in Cancer Care: Focus Group Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kondylakis Haridimos , Axenie Cristian , (Kiran) Bastola Dhundy , Katehakis Dimitrios G , Kouroubali Angelina , Kurz Daria , Larburu Nekane , Macía Iván , Maguire Roma , Maramis Christos , Marias Kostas , Morrow Philip , Muro Naiara , Núñez-Benjumea Francisco José , Rampun Andrik , Rivera-Romero Octavio , Scotney Bryan , Signorelli Gabriel , Wang Hui , Tsiknakis Manolis , Zwiggelaar Reyer
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

The status of the data-driven management of cancer care as well as the challenges, opportunities, and recommendations aimed at accelerating the rate of progress in this field are topics of great interest. Two international workshops, one conducted in June 2019 in Cordoba, Spain, and one in October 2019 in Athens, Greece, were organized by four Horizon 2020 (H2020) European Union (EU)–funded projects: BOUNCE, CATCH ITN, DESIREE, and MyPal. The issues covered included patient engagement, knowledge and data-driven decision support systems, patient journey, rehabilitation, personalized diagnosis, trust, assessment of guidelines, and interoperability of information and communication technology (ICT) platforms. A series of recommendations was provided as the complex landscape of data-driven technical innovation in cancer care was portrayed.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to provide information on the current state of the art of technology and data-driven innovations for the management of cancer care through the work of four EU H2020–funded projects.

METHODS

Two international workshops on ICT in the management of cancer care were held, and several topics were identified through discussion among the participants. A focus group was formulated after the second workshop, in which the status of technological and data-driven cancer management as well as the challenges, opportunities, and recommendations in this area were collected and analyzed.

RESULTS

Technical and data-driven innovations provide promising tools for the management of cancer care. However, several challenges must be successfully addressed, such as patient engagement, interoperability of ICT-based systems, knowledge management, and trust. This paper analyzes these challenges, which can be opportunities for further research and practical implementation and can provide practical recommendations for future work.

CONCLUSIONS

Technology and data-driven innovations are becoming an integral part of cancer care management. In this process, specific challenges need to be addressed, such as increasing trust and engaging the whole stakeholder ecosystem, to fully benefit from these innovations.
Extracting Family History of Patients From Clinical Narratives: Exploring an End-to-End Solution With Deep Learning Models (Preprint)
Authors: Yang Xi , Zhang Hansi , He Xing , Bian Jiang , Wu Yonghui
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Patients’ family history (FH) is a critical risk factor associated with numerous diseases. However, FH information is not well captured in the structured database but often documented in clinical narratives. Natural language processing (NLP) is the key technology to extract patients’ FH from clinical narratives. In 2019, the National NLP Clinical Challenge (n2c2) organized shared tasks to solicit NLP methods for FH information extraction.

OBJECTIVE

This study presents our end-to-end FH extraction system developed during the 2019 n2c2 open shared task as well as the new transformer-based models that we developed after the challenge. We seek to develop a machine learning–based solution for FH information extraction without task-specific rules created by hand.

METHODS

We developed deep learning–based systems for FH concept extraction and relation identification. We explored deep learning models including long short-term memory-conditional random fields and bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) as well as developed ensemble models using a majority voting strategy. To further optimize performance, we systematically compared 3 different strategies to use BERT output representations for relation identification.

RESULTS

Our system was among the top-ranked systems (3 out of 21) in the challenge. Our best system achieved micro-averaged F1 scores of 0.7944 and 0.6544 for concept extraction and relation identification, respectively. After challenge, we further explored new transformer-based models and improved the performances of both subtasks to 0.8249 and 0.6775, respectively. For relation identification, our system achieved a performance comparable to the best system (0.6810) reported in the challenge.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrated the feasibility of utilizing deep learning methods to extract FH information from clinical narratives.
Electronic Health Record Portal Use by Family Caregivers of Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: United States National Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Gupta Vibhuti , Raj Minakshi , Hoodin Flora , Yahng Lilian , Braun Thomas , Choi Sung Won
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

As family caregivers of patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation have multifaceted caregiving responsibilities (such as medical, household, financial) of long duration, they also have multiple physical, social, psychological, and informational needs.

OBJECTIVE

This study explored the prevalence of electronic health record patient portal use by family caregivers for managing both their own and their hematopoietic cell transplantation care recipient’s health, as well as potential factors associated with portal use.

METHODS

An electronic caregiver health survey, first developed via cognitive interviewing methods of hematopoietic cell transplantation caregivers, was distributed nationally (in the United States) by patient advocacy organizations to family caregivers of hematopoietic cell transplantation patients. It was used to assess self-reported caregiver demographics, caregiving characteristics, depression and anxiety with the Patient Health Questionnaire–4, coping with the Brief COPE, and caregiver portal use to manage care recipient’s and their own health.

RESULTS

We found that 77% of respondents (720/937) accessed electronic health record patient portals for their care recipients, themselves, or both. Multivariate models indicated use of care recipient electronic health record portals by caregivers was more likely with young, White, married, low-income caregivers caring for a parent, residing with the care recipient, and experiencing more caregiver depression. Caregiver use of their own electronic health record portal was more likely with young, White, high-income caregivers caring for a parent and experiencing chronic medical conditions of their own. Partially due to multicollinearity, anxiety and coping did not contribute independently to this model.

CONCLUSIONS

Findings from the survey could open avenues for future research into caregiver use of technology for informational support or intervention, including wearables and mobile health.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.2196/4918
Pembentukan POSKESTREN di Pesantren Tahfizd NURANI INSANI Desa Balecatur Gamping Sleman, Yogyakarta
Authors: Anita Diyah Candra
Published: December 2020

Kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat pembentukan POSKESTREN telah dilaksanakan di Pesantren Tahfizd NURANI INSANI Desa Balecatur Gamping Sleman Yogyakarta. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk memberikan sosialisasi pembentukan POSKESTREN dan layanan kesehatan untuk warga pesantren dengan melibatkan civitas akademika Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Aisyiyah Yogyakarta dan Kemenristek Dikti dengan Pengelola Pondok Pesantren. Kegiatan dilaksanakan dengan memberikan transfer informasi dan pelatihan santri husada mengenai konsep kesehatan, melatih skill pemeriksaan kesehatan meliputi pemeriksaan tekanan darah, gula darah, asam urat, kolesterol, Hb, balut bidai, penatalaksanaan kegawatdaruratan dan simulasi layanan kesehatan. Pelaksanaan kegiatan dimulai dengan melakukan koordinasi antara pengurus Pesantren dan Puskesmas Gamping I yang menaungi, pemilihan calon kader kesehatan Santri Husada, Pelatihan kader santri Husada, survey mawas diri, penyediaan sarana dan prasarana fasilitas layanan kesehatan dan layanan jasa kesehatan POSKESTREN. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah telah terbentuknya kader kesehatan Santri Husada Putra dan Putri yang terlatih sejumlah 25 orang, tersusunnya modul pelatihan kesehatan Santri Husada, tersusunnya leaflet/ poster kesehatan pendukung layanan kesehatan, tersedianya fasilitas POSKESTREN seperti, ruang dan alat-alat pemeriksaan serta pemberian jasa layanan kesehatan untuk santri dan warga masyarakaat yang buka per hari 2 jam. Kerjasama yang baik antara akademisi, pengelola pesantren serta petugas kesehatan dari Puskesmas dapat meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan lebih baik. Pembinaan kesehatan terhadap Santri Husada dan POSKESTREN perlu dilaksanakan secara kontinyu guna meningkatkan derajat kesehatan warga pesantren secara keseluruhan.
Exploring Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion in Domestic Violence Service Provision
Authors: Milaney PhD Katrina , Sangha, MPH Meena , MSW, RSW Phyllis K.F. Luk, , PhD, RSW Priyadarshini Kharat, , MSc. Lisa Zaretsky,
Published: December 2020

Background: The experiences of domestic violence survivors are unique, varied, and complex, and services for those seeking support must be responsive to these diverse needs. Methods: To understand equity, diversity, and inclusivity within domestic violence service provision, surveys were completed by 70 professionals belonging to a local domestic violence collective. Results: Using an intersectional lens, thematic analysis of survey data revealed a gap in the literature specific to equity in service delivery and limited understanding and provision of equitable, diverse, and inclusive services. Barriers to inclusive service delivery included a lack of cultural considerations and cultural competency while proposed solutions to barriers identified the need for ongoing cultural competence education and training, expanded partnerships, and refined agency policies and procedures. Conclusion: Future studies should explore the impact of implementing sector and system level changes on those who provide and receive DV services while examining the role of cultural humility, safety, and ethical space within the DV environment.
Outline Proposal of a New Way of Evaluating Social Development
Authors: Vlcek Martin
Published: December 2020

Citizens’ satisfaction is against the background of all the systemic measures of a democratic state. However, it does not have a mechanism for objectively evaluating this satisfaction. It is not even clear what this satisfaction is. In addition, it is a relative quantity—it is a comparison with neighboring states. Intuitively, it is possible to agree - and the great waves of migration confirm this—that the tendency of citizens to leave the state is an essential, radical part of this quantity.
Kimberley points of Western Australia: Pressure flaking, projections and prestige
Authors: Maloney Tim Ryan
Published: December 2020

Kimberley points are pressure flaked bifaces with marginal projections, produced within the last millennium, in north Western Australia. These points were hafted for hunting and fighting in recent times, although there is some suggestion that smaller points tended to be hafted for use in favour of larger points, which were reserved for trade and exchange. Kimberley Points are imbued with strong social signalling and prestige qualities, known from Historic times. This paper examines whether these qualities are reflected archaeologically in their marginal projections produced with pressure flaking; and their morphology and production. Multiple sources of Kimberley Point archaeology, ethnography, and production are critically reviewed. As prestige items, the marginal projections are found to very likely relate to their social value, rather than functional drive, which this study investigates using morphological approaches. Samples from both ethnographic collections and archaeological surface assemblages are analysed. The study finds that biface elongation, length and perimeter length each greatly influenced the number of and size of marginal projections, regardless of raw material. This aspect of production probably reflects the value and social prestige for large serrated points, likely produced by the knapper before an audience in virtuoso displays of pressure flaking. It is conceivable that these complex social practices emerged around 1,000 years ago. This study provides a rare glimpse into the social values of stone tool produces, and links archaeological data to social values in the past.
Manufacture, use and management of macro-lithic resources in the Bronze Age settlement of Bruszczewo (Poland)
Authors: Delgado-Raack Selina , Kneisel Jutta , Czebreszuk Janusz , Müller Johannes
Published: December 2020

Contrary to pottery or metal artefacts, macro-lithic tools are still not fully integrated into the archaeological research programs concerning the Early Bronze Age of Central Europe. While such kind of archaeological materials usually do not easily allow typological approaches, their constant participation in several productive spheres makes them a crucial element for understanding the economic processes and the organisation of past societies. This paper presents the general results of the investigation carried out on an assemblage of 1073 macro-lithic items recovered in the wet soil area of the site of Bruszczewo (municipality of Śmigiel, Poland). This fortified settlement was inhabited during the Early Bronze Age (2100-1650 BCE) and later on in the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age (1100-800 BCE), with minor archaeological evidences from Middle Ages. The methodology applied in this assessment is a holistic one, which combines manufacturing (petrography and morphometry), functional (use-wear and residues) and spatial analyses. This approach has allowed recording a mainly local raw material supplying system, based on the gathering of pebbles in the vicinity of the site and a minimal transformation of raw pieces previous to use. Moreover, Bruszczewo comes out to be a central settlement managing and controlling exogenous ores, such as copper and gold, as shown by residues found on some macro-lithic forging anvils. All in all, the recognition in the macro-lithic tool assemblage of different tasks related to subsistence (food preparation) as well as to manufacture (metallurgy, probably bone working) processes contributes to (a) defining the settlement's organisation and the management of resources in the site and (b) improving our understanding of the role played by central settlements in the socio-economic networks, at a time when the first class societies emerged in Central Europe.
The Olynthus mill in the Alps: New hypotheses from two unidentified millstones discovered in Veneto region (Italy)
Authors: Francisci Denis
Published: December 2020

The archaeological collection at the Museum of Feltre (province of Belluno, Veneto region, Italy) includes fragments of two ancient millstones of type known as “Olynthus mill” or “hopper rubber”. The first one (from San Donato, in the municipality of Lamón) is mentioned in a number of published and unpublished works; the other (generally from Feltre) is new to archaeological literature. Until now, they had never been identified as specimens of the Olynthus mill.

Following a brief introduction on this type of device (its technical features, origin and geographic distribution) and the main hypotheses concerning its diffusion in the Alps, the first part of this paper describes the two stones from Feltre: their dimensions, morphological features, raw material, etc. Consequently, this article will focus on the topographical areas where the stones were found and on their importance for understanding the diffusion of the Olynthus mill model in the Alpine region characterised by Raetic culture, which is still an unresolved problem. The sites of discovery of the two Olynthus mills (along with the places of origin of the other hopper rubbers found in the Veneto region and in the eastern part of the province of Trento) could suggest new working hypotheses about the provenance of this type of millstone and its introduction into the Raetic territory between 5th and 4th century BCE. More specifically, the Olynthus mill model might have been introduced into the Alps through the Piave and Brenta valleys and not the Adige valley as previously thought; the Olynthian-type mills from the Veneto region could therefore mark the stages of this south-north path rather than being mere outlying specimens of the Raetic area, or items exported from there.