bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The distribution and morphology of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous igneous intrusions in the Northern Carnarvon Basin
Authors: Curtis Michael , Holford Simon , Bunch Mark , Schofield Nick , Karvelas Alex
Published: May 2023

The Northern Carnarvon Basin (NCB) contains extensive networks of igneous intrusions emplaced during Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous rifting that led to the breakup of the Greater India from Australia. We present the first basin-wide study of the distribution and morphology of these igneous intrusions through the interpretation of regionally extensive 3D and closely spaced 2D seismic data across the Exmouth Plateau and Exmouth Sub-basin. We observe three dominant intrusion morphologies: (1) Saucer-shaped intrusions up to ~20 × 40 km, but commonly much smaller, present in Jurassic strata of the southern Exmouth Plateau and central Exmouth Sub-basin; (2) Large, stacked, strata parallel, sheet intrusions, often >100 km in length, dominant in Triassic strata in the Exmouth Plateau and southern Exmouth Sub-basin; and (3) Variably sized, predominantly strata parallel and occasionally fault hosted intrusions (ranging in dimension from ~5 × 8 to ~35 × 65 km) present in Jurassic rocks in the Exmouth Sub-basin, and uppermost Triassic rocks in the Exmouth Plateau. We suggest that the morphologies of intrusions in the NCB are predominantly controlled the mechanical properties of their host rocks.
Unmanned rotating equipment for normally unattended installations
Authors: Leto Alessandro , Agresta Adolfo , Bartolini David , Ruggiero Gionata , Porciani Daniele
Published: May 2023

Offshore oil and gas operators are facing unprecedented challenges due to the need to reduce operational expenditure while operating in harsh/remote environments with an ever-increasing focus on safety and carbon footprint reduction. Technological innovation, especially around digitalisation and control, is a game changer that gives customers the opportunity to adopt low-manned or totally unmanned solutions without compromising cybersecurity standards. According to some operators, every employee removed from an offshore platform can result in approximately US$1 M savings per year. Additionally, mobilisation of personnel offshore is very risky. For these reasons, de-manning is a solution both for new projects and for units in operation. Developing unmanned trains for power generation and compression requires the introduction of different solutions: hardware and control system modifications; surveillance systems and digital services for advanced degradation monitoring. Systems should be designed considering three main development streams: (1) fully automatic start-up/shut-down, (2) no routine maintenance during operation and (3) no on-condition maintenance. This paper describes the Unmanned Rotating Equipment Package Solution developed by Baker Hughes in collaboration with primary offshore operators. We demonstrate a high technology readiness level; potential fast deployment at industrial scale and identify no main technological showstoppers. Maintenance activities requiring personnel on site can be carried out during campaign visits, currently scheduled every 6 months with the target to achieve one visit per year. In addition to benefits due to reduction or remote execution of on-site tasks, unmanning can bring further advantages to a project such as increased safety, lower carbon footprint and reduced total cost of ownership.
The 12 Pillars model of ESG: bringing practical clarity to ESG across the Australian gas industry
Authors: Thompson Jen , Colquhoun Matt
Published: May 2023

The rise of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) standards and the immense global challenges it brings are shaping the way we do business now and into the future. The elements of ESG are broad, dynamic and not always easily understood. There is no set definition of ESG nor a one-size-fits-all approach. This has resulted in piecemeal, fragmented and reactive initiatives implemented across strategy development, implementation, reporting and compliance. The lack of clearly defined, unified ESG approaches across the supply chain can often complicate investment, procurement, as well as government, shareholder and community relations. It is well known within the Australian gas industry that proactively and pragmatically addressing ESG concerns is pivotal to our position in the future energy mix, and a strategic focussed approach is required. This paper attempts to ‘cut through the noise’ and provide clarity around the ESG expectations being placed on the industry. We put forward a simple 12 Pillars model which can be used by all parts of the gas supply chain to improve the application of ESG principles to business operations. We delve into how each of these factors can be addressed across business operations using the 12 Pillars model. We consider the current opportunities under each pillar to aid a strategic and consistent approach by the industry, whilst being broad enough to be fluid as the industry faces future ESG challenges. This model could also underpin a standardised ESG mechanism for the industry, something that offers real benefits when it comes to monitoring and reporting.
Engineering the safety culture in late-life assets
Authors: Coolican Tom
Published: May 2023

Engineering and Safety Culture are intrinsically linked. In the late-life asset world we are confronted with reduced resilience to MAEs, long history of changes to the assets, loss of corporate knowledge as our people turn over and life extension in line with ISO19900. Having a safety culture that acknowledges process safety in engineering is important and challenging. The continuous state of unease that process safety engenders in our people is often seen in higher-risk activities such as construction and drilling operations, and it is our experience that there are common leading indicators that late life operations and decommissioning teams share with projects and drilling and completions (D&C). This work examines the performance of leading indicators in safety culture during late-life asset operations and correlates them with both the development and discrete project life cycle. We also investigate some of the root causes behind the incidents and events that have emerged in late-life assets with often surprising results. Navigating the objectives-based regulatory framework within the Australian oil and gas industry requires a dynamic and collaborative approach, this paper provides a high-level outline of the decommissioning planning process in line with a standardised decommissioning management system. This paper also discusses the learnings from these operations on the effectiveness of the safety culture framework and the International Oil & Gas Producers (IOGP) lifesaving rules in the pre-decommissioning phase.
The importance of STEM
Authors: Formentin Jillian
Published: May 2023

Engineering is the foundation of the infrastructure, resources, products, systems and services that serve our community. As technology advances there is high demand for science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) skills to keep up with the requirements of every industry. However, the statistics and research imply that supply will not meet demand in the very near future, and, in Australia less than 15% of STEM graduates are female. Taking into consideration the industry in which we operate and Clough’s strategic priorities and ESG (environmental, social and governance) framework, we recognised the need to support STEM and to spark curiosity in these subjects during high school years when students are making the key decision about what profession they will pursue. Clough also recognised that it required collaboration between schools, universities and industry. In 2021, Clough developed a program that included: a pipeline of touch points to ensure STEM careers and industry opportunities were presented as early as Year 7; a partnership with a local university to work with girls in Year 11, targeting senior secondary students studying prerequisite mathematics to offer them exposure to engineering activities, role models and career opportunities; a partnership with Engineers Australia; Open Days at our offices for school students in Years 10–12 to provide them with an opportunity to experience engineering as a career; a revamp of Clough’s Scholarship program to support students during their first years of university; and an internship program for STEM-related functions from the first year of university.
Success factors in the creation of a CCS Hub
Authors: Grainger Phil , Ovenden Steve
Published: May 2023

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has the potential to significantly reduce emissions from industrial processes including gas processing and heavy industry. INPEX has a corporate goal to reduce scope 1 and 2 emissions intensity by 30% or more by 2030 on a path to net zero by 2050. Central to these goals is reduction of emissions associated with the Ichthys LNG operation, located on the Middle Arm of Darwin Harbour. Key to the reduction of emissions from Ichthys LNG is the development of a large-scale efficient CCS facility close to Darwin. To this end, INPEX (as Operator) and Joint Venture participants TotalEnergies and Woodside Energy were recently awarded the G-7-AP block in the promising Petrel Sub-basin. The work program associated with this bid includes new 3D seismic, a two-well-appraisal drilling campaign and a comprehensive post-well analysis program to prove up the previously identified storage intervals and allow INPEX to determine the potential storage capacities of these intervals. Scale is a critical driver of the efficiency of a storage solution, so INPEX is working collaboratively with wider industry, government and the CSIRO on the development of the Northern Territory Low Emissions Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage Hub business case which seeks to identify and map the pathway for the development of a large-scale multi-sink carbon storage network. This paper will provide an update on INPEX’s vision for the role it intends to play in the development of this Hub.
Transient modelling of water condensation rate for top of line corrosion
Authors: Chen Diwu , Morrissy Shane A. , Mackenzie Adam
Published: May 2023

Top of line corrosion (TOLC) is typically a concern in the first few kilometres of wet gas pipelines where water in the warm gas condenses on the cold pipe walls. With the introduction of a subsea tieback to existing infrastructure, the changing fluid composition and temperature profiles may increase condensation in sections not previously expected to have condensation. Accurate prediction of the water condensation rate (WCR) becomes essential to support reliable corrosion modelling. Transient flow simulation of pipeline operating conditions and detailed heat transfer modelling is required to calculate the WCR. This calculation is complicated because the mass of water condensation is very small compared to the fluid mass in the pipeline, and sensitive to glycol that is often present in the aqueous phase for hydrate management purposes. This paper introduces a method to calculate WCR by using detailed transient modelling of the pipeline operating conditions. The fluid thermal hydraulic behaviour and hydraulic pressure drop in the pipeline are considered in the model. The fluid composition in the pipeline and glycol component in the aqueous phase are calculated by using a PVT software package. A few sensitivity studies will also be presented. The implications of Equation of State (EoS) and transient flow module on WCR calculation will be quantified. The WCR sensitivity results will be analysed based on varying inlet temperatures, glycol concentrations, and pipeline heat transfer coefficients. A WCR calculation method will be recommended for TOLC modelling.
Lessons from the energy crisis of an energy exporter
Authors: Ramesh Kaushal
Published: May 2023

The Eastern Australian gas crisis of Winter 2022 was particularly perverse in that it briefly saw wholesale prices exceed those for spot liquefied natural gas (LNG) imports into North Asia and twice triggered the Gas Supply Guarantee Mechanism. This paper provides an analysis of the drivers behind this crisis that reveals how grids such as the National Electricity Market (NEM), during a renewables build-up coupled with a coal phase-down with ageing coal-fired capacity, will continue to be vulnerable to seasonal shocks and wide intra-day spreads in the medium term. We also highlight how the role of gas in enabling further uptake for renewables is not to be taken for granted, drawing on lessons from intermittency in other regions, and that only through rapid decarbonisation of the electricity sector can we begin electrification of direct use sectors. Within the Eastern Australian context, this calls for more flexible gas supply and investments to mitigate transportation bottlenecks as the regions’ centre of supply shifts towards Queensland in the years ahead. We conclude that in the absence of a game-changing development in the sector, such as clear policy to support significant new developments in domestic production, we expect structurally higher domestic prices and seasonal domestic shortages that will create an overhang on LNG exporters, complicating their already uneasy relationship with the domestic market.
The rising influence of ex-region fundamentals on Asian LNG prices
Authors: Ramesh Kaushal
Published: May 2023

The step change in liquefied natural gas (LNG) demand, given Europe’s pivot from Russian gas, has led to a scramble for volumes and a return to a long-term view on LNG supply. But even with the near-term focus on Europe, the sustained opportunity for LNG continues to remain in Asia, where we expect more than 440 Mtpa of demand in 2030. Given the urgency, Asian buyers and portfolio players with positions in Asia have rushed to the country with the scale of over 100 Mtpa of new supply available within this decade: the United States, setting the scene for the rising influence of Henry Hub prices in Asian LNG. We discuss how LNG pricing and liquidity in Asia continues to develop through 2030, with oil-indexation waning slowly and the increasing presence of Henry Hub-indexed volumes, which could make up to a third of Asian LNG imports in that year. We also anticipate the advent of the Permian’s Waha and Canada’s AECO in Asian LNG as Mexico and Canada begin exports to Asia later this decade. We conclude that the virtuous cycle of liquidity required to create an Asian LNG hub has likely been delayed, with short-term prices governed by European fundamentals and long-term prices increasingly by US fundamentals. For Australian LNG producers, this means both spot and term prices present substantial upside potential through 2030, with the deficit in Europe providing short-term upside and the geographical distance of alternative US supply providing long-term upside.
New partnering principles on the path to net zero
Authors: Farrell Bradley
Published: May 2023

With the transition to net zero gathering pace across the globe, there are many new projects being planned. There are specific challenges to the advancement of novel net-zero projects, which has given rise to various strategies. We considered the diverse strategies in play and identified five ‘new partnering principles’ for current and future investment owners: (1) Consider clever collaboration for complex concepts; (2) Contract for outcomes, not for facilities; (3) Bring the supply chain with you; (4) Invest in your team as well as your project; (5) Foster innovation across the ecosystem. These principles will assist owners, operators and the supply chain in progressing novel net-zero projects.
Better together – cooperative incident response testing and exercising – Exercise Zephyr ‘22
Authors: Starkins Phillip
Published: May 2023

The Australian offshore regulatory regime places a considerable burden on title holders to ensure that, through regular testing/exercising of emergency arrangements, these arrangements are fit for purpose. Thorough testing/exercising is costly from both a time and resource perspective. Further, across different title holders, pollution countermeasures do not vary greatly. By coming together under a single third-party organisation and running joint industry-based large-scale exercises/tests, title holders can satisfy a number of requirements in a more cost- and resource-efficient manner than doing this individually. Critically, this includes giving confidence to government and the community that a strong collective environmental response exists within the Australian oil and gas industry and that this powerful resource is fit for purpose and ready to respond if needed.
Obesity alters monocyte developmental trajectories to enhance metastasis
Authors: McDowell Sheri A.C. , Milette Simon , Doré Samuel , Yu Miranda W. , Sorin Mark , Wilson Liam , Desharnais Lysanne , Cristea Alyssa , Varol Ozgun , Atallah Aline , Swaby Anikka , Breton Valérie , Arabzadeh Azadeh , Petrecca Sarah , Loucif Hamza , Bhagrath Aanya , De Meo Meghan , Lach Katherine D. , Issac Marianne S.M. , Fiset Benoit , Rayes Roni F. , Mandl Judith N. , Fritz Jörg H. , Fiset Pierre O. , Holt Peter R. , Dannenberg Andrew J. , Spicer Jonathan D. , Walsh Logan A. , Quail Daniela F.
Published: May 2023

Obesity is characterized by chronic systemic inflammation and enhances cancer metastasis and mortality. Obesity promotes breast cancer metastasis to lung in a neutrophil-dependent manner; however, the upstream regulatory mechanisms of this process remain unknown. Here, we show that obesity-induced monocytes underlie neutrophil activation and breast cancer lung metastasis. Using mass cytometry, obesity favors the expansion of myeloid lineages while restricting lymphoid cells within the peripheral blood. RNA sequencing and flow cytometry revealed that obesity-associated monocytes resemble professional antigen-presenting cells due to a shift in their development and exhibit enhanced MHCII expression and CXCL2 production. Monocyte induction of the CXCL2–CXCR2 axis underlies neutrophil activation and release of neutrophil extracellular traps to promote metastasis, and enhancement of this signaling axis is observed in lung metastases from obese cancer patients. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into the relationship between obesity and cancer by broadening our understanding of the interactive role that myeloid cells play in this process.
Effect of Mn doping on the electronic and optical properties of Dy2Ti2O7: a combined spectroscopic and theoretical study
Authors: Upadhyay Rajnikant , Shukla Manjari , Pandey Rajan K , Upadhyay Chandan
Published: May 2023

Electronic and optical studies on Dy2Ti2−Mn
x
O7 (x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, & 0.20) have been presented through both, theoretical (density functional theory (DFT) calculations) and experimental (ultraviolet-visible absorption and photoluminescence emission spectroscopy) approaches. DFT calculations were employed considering the local density approximation (LDA) and LDA-1/2 for exchange-correlation interactions. Computed crystallographic parameters and energy band-gap using theoretical formulations are in good agreement with experimental results. The band-gap value obtained through the LDA-1/2 approach indicates insulated ground state of Dy2Ti2−x
Mn
x
O7 (x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) system. Experimentally obtained band gap value reduces from 3.82 eV to 2.45 eV with increase in positive chemical pressure as x increases from 0 to 0.20. Reduction in band gap value is attributed to the fact that there exists a lack of hybridization between the O-2p orbital and Ti-3d orbital, which is well correlated with the crystallographic data. Jahn-Teller effect is likely to be responsible for the presence of a mixed state of Mn (explained using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results), resulting in the intermediate Mn state between the valence band and the conduction band with immediate inclusion of Mn at Ti site in Dy2Ti2−x
Mn
x
O7 system.
Elements of H-mode pedestal structure
Authors: Groebner R J , Saarelma S
Published: May 2023

This paper reviews current understanding of key physics elements that control the H-mode pedestal structure, which exists at the boundary of magnetically confined plasmas. The structure of interest is the width, height and gradient of temperature, density and pressure profiles in the pedestal. Emphasis is placed on understanding obtained from combined experimental, theoretical and simulation work and on results observed on multiple machines. Pedestal profiles are determined by the self-consistent interaction of sources, transport and magnetohydrodynamic limits. The heat source is primarily from heat deposited in the core and flowing to the pedestal. This source is computed from modeling of experimental data and is generally well understood. Neutrals at the periphery of the plasma provide the dominant particle source in current machines. This source has a complex spatial structure, is very difficult to measure and is poorly understood. For typical H-mode operation, the achievable pedestal pressure is limited by repetitive, transient magnetohydrodynamic instabilities. First principles models of peeling–ballooning modes are generally able to explain the observed limits. In some regimes, instability occurs below the predicted limits and these remain unexplained. Several mechanisms have been identified as plausible sources of heat transport. These include neoclassical processes for ion heat transport and several turbulent processes, driven by the steep pedestal gradients, as sources of electron and ion heat transport. Reduced models have successfully predicted the pedestal or density at the pedestal top. Firming up understanding of heat and particle transport remains a primary challenge for developing more complete predictive pedestal models.
Study on the influence of composition parameters of magnetorheological fluid on its vibration transmission characteristics
Authors: Sun Zebang , Liu Shaogang , Zhao Dan , Dong Liqiang , Cao Zilu , Qi Jinming
Published: May 2023

As an intelligent material, magnetorheological fluid (MRF) is used in various applications, such as vibration dampers and automotive engine mounts. In order to study the influence of MRF composition parameters on vibration transfer characteristics, this paper proposes an MRF vibration transmission equivalent model based on the analysis of the interaction between carbonyl iron particles and carrier liquid, calculates the vibration transfer power flow level difference (PLD) of MRF with different composition parameters, and performs experimental verification. The results show that when only the particle diameter changes, the PLD peak increases with increasing particle diameter, and the PLD peak frequency shifts to lower frequencies. When the particle volume fraction gradually increases, and the remaining parameters are kept constant, the PLD peak increases first and then decreases, and the peak frequency shifts to high frequencies. When changing only the carrier liquid viscosity, the PLD peak decreases as the viscosity increases, while the peak frequency is shifted toward the high frequency. The MRF has a maximum frequency shift of 61.6 Hz when the particle diameter, particle volume fraction, and carrier liquid viscosity are 8 μm, 20% and 0.3 Pa·s, respectively. It is shown that adjusting the composition parameters can change the PLD and vibration suppression band of MRF, and using this feature can help improve the broadband vibration suppression performance of MR devices and the vibration suppression efficiency under specific working conditions, further expanding the application of MRF in the field of vibration control.
Geometric structures of Morris-Thorne wormhole metric in f(, ℒ
m
) gravity and energy conditions
Authors: Venkatesha V , Kavya N S , Sahoo P K
Published: May 2023

The aim of this manuscript is to study the traversable wormhole (WH) geometries in the curvature matter coupling gravity. We investigate static spherically symmetric Morris-Thorne WHs within the context of

f
(

,

L

m

)

gravity. To accomplish this, we examine the WH model in four different cases (i) linear

f
(

,

L

m

)

model,

f
(

,

L

m

)
=
α

+
β

L

m

with anisotropic matter distribution having the relation p

r
= mp

t
(ii) linear

f
(

,

L

m

)

model having anisotropic matter distribution along with the equation of state parameter, p

r
= ω
ρ, (iii) non-linear model

f
(

,

L

m

)
=

1

2


+

L

m

η

with specific form of energy density and (iv) non-linear

f
(

,

L

m

)

model,

f
(

,

L

m

)
=

1

2


+
(
1
+
ξ

)

L

m

with isotropic matter distribution and having the linear relation between pressure and energy density, p = ω
ρ. Additionally, in the latter case, we consider a specific power-law shape function

b
(
r
)
=

r

0

r

0

r

n

. Furthermore, we analyze the energy conditions for each WH model to verify their physical viability. As a novel outcome, we can see the validation of the null energy condition for the

f
(

,

L

m

)

model that suggests ruling out the necessity of exotic matter for the traversability of the WH. At last, an embedding diagram for each model is illustrated that describes the WH geometry.
Realizations of 𝐴₁⁽¹⁾-modules in category ̃𝒪
Authors: Chen Fulin , Gao Yun , Tan Shaobin
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we give an explicit realization of all irreducible modules in Chari’s category

O

~

\widetilde {\mathcal O}

for the affine Kac-Moody algebra

A

1

(
1
)

A_{1}^{(1)}

by using the idea of free fields. We work on a much more general setting which also gives us explicit realizations of all simple weight modules for certain current algebra of

s
l

2

(

C

)

\mathfrak {sl}_2(\mathbb {C})

with finite weight multiplicities, including the polynomial current algebra

s
l

2

(

C

)
⊗

C

[
t
]

\mathfrak {sl}_2(\mathbb {C})\otimes \mathbb {C}[t]

, the loop algebra

s
l

2

(

C

)
⊗

C

[
t
,

t

−
1

]

\mathfrak {sl}_2(\mathbb {C})\otimes \mathbb {C}[t,t^{-1}]

and the three-point Lie algebra
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="German s German l Subscript 2 Baseline left-parenthesis double-struck upper C right-parenthesis circled-times double-struck upper C left-bracket t comma t Superscript negative 1 Baseline comma left-parenthesis t minus 1 right-parenthesis Superscript negative 1 Baseline right-bracket">

s
l

2

(

C

)
⊗

C

[
t
,

t

−
1

,
(
t
−
1

)

−
1

]

\mathfrak {sl}_2(\mathbb {C})\otimes \mathbb {C}[t,t^{-1},(t-1)^{-1}]

arisen in the work by Kazhdan-Lusztig.
Diagnostic utility of DNA integrity number as an indicator of sufficient DNA quality in next-generation sequencing–based genomic profiling
Authors: Hiramatsu Kaho , Matsuda Chiaki , Masago Katsuhiro , Toriyama Kazuhiro , Sasaki Eiichi , Fujita Yasuko , Haneda Masataka , Ebi Hiromichi , Shibata Noriko , Hosoda Waki
Published: May 2023

Objectives

DNA integrity number (DIN) is a metric for assessing DNA degradation, calculated based on electrophoresis using the Agilent TapeStation System. The utility of DIN as a diagnostic indicator of sufficient DNA quality in clinical next-generation sequencing (NGS) has not been well described.

Methods

We evaluated the DINs of 166 tumor formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples submitted for 124-gene panel sequencing. We also investigated a new metric on the electropherogram that could improve the predictive accuracy of the DIN.

Results

A DIN cutoff of 2.5 discriminated samples with successful analysis (n = 143) from samples with failed analysis (n = 23), with a sensitivity of 0.84 and a specificity of 0.78 (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.88). The DIN was positively correlated with the mean coverage (r = 0.72, P < .0001) but could not discriminate success from failure when the DIN was below 2.5 (negative predictive value, 0.44). We introduced a new metric, the peak/base ratio, that distinguished success from failure with higher accuracy than the DIN (cutoff = 1.6; sensitivity = 0.98, specificity = 0.83, and AUC =0.96).

Conclusions

To predict successful NGS, the DNA quality of FFPE tissue can be easily and reliably assessed using the DIN and peak/base ratio.
Dickens and Shakespeare and Longfellow, Oh My!: Staging the Fan Canon at the Nineteenth-Century Authors’ Carnivals
Authors: D’Alessandro Michael
Published: May 2023

Beginning in the 1870s, the short-lived fad of “Authors’ Carnivals” swept through American cities. At each carnival, hundreds of locals costumed themselves as famous literary characters, performing amateur theatricals and tableaux vivants based on their favorite books. Unexpected character combinations frequently appeared on the same stage. Shakespeare’s Falstaff stood beside Dickens’s Little Nell; Longfellow’s Hiawatha rubbed shoulders with Old Mother Goose. For attendees, these events offered peculiar thrills. Similar to today’s fan conventions and cosplay events, participants engaged their cherished texts anew through physical enactment. Meanwhile, spectators could witness the totality of their reading experiences within a single shared space. Amateur play suddenly brought so many literary works to three-dimensional life—and all at once.

Despite their amusements, however, the carnivals also fell short of loftier goals. First, organizers sought to advance a definitive literary canon in America, but they only affirmed Eurocentric texts that no longer dominated the marketplace. Second, the events might have produced an innovative form of theater, yet clumsy staging and spectatorial disorientation stymied these efforts. Thus, the authors’ carnivals left behind not only a legacy of spectacular fandom but also one of squandered cultural potential.US authors’ carnivals finally demonstrate[d] both the possibilities and the shortcomings of the nineteenth-century cultural imagination. . . . [D]espite their estimable amusements . . . the carnivals ultimately proved resistant to the literary and theatrical cultures they intended to bolster.
“For the Women Who Came Before”: The Hidden Hands of Literary Recovery Scholars
Authors: Chapman Mary
Published: May 2023

This essay review discusses the Reclaim Her Name project and Radicals, a two-volume anthology of writings by US women.Collaboration and community have been at the heart of the feminist recovery of American literary works from the beginning.
Sympathy in Nineteenth-Century American Literature and Our Discipline
Authors: Halpern Faye
Published: May 2023

This essay situates Marianne Noble’s Rethinking Sympathy and Human Contact in Nineteenth-Century American Literature: Hawthorne, Douglass, Stowe, Dickinson (2019) and Hannah Walser’s Writing the Mind: Social Cognition in Nineteenth-Century American Fiction (2022) in the current conversation our discipline has been having about sympathy/empathy. Noble and Walser describe ways of knowing other minds that avoid the dangers the discipline has associated with sympathy/empathy—foremost among them, the harm that comes from the assumption on the part of a witness to suffering that they can understand exactly what the sufferer is feeling. Noble finds in a group of nineteenth-century authors a conceptualization of sympathy that honors the differences between people and a state of benevolent not-knowing; Walser investigates how an overlapping cluster of nineteenth-century authors depicts ways of knowing other minds that do not require mind-reading. By making explicit the extent to which Noble’s and Walser’s exhilarating, rigorous studies align with our discipline’s association of empathy with a myriad of ethical harms, this essay seeks to carve out a space outside of this antipathy and suggest that literary sympathy can be seen as a narrative resource, with unpredetermined ethical effects, rather than an inevitable ethical lapse.This antipathy [towards empathy] has left the literary scholar with three options regarding [it]: (1) one can point out its dangers and offer more salubrious methods for interpersonal connection; (2) one can try to rescue empathy by demonstrating there are other ways of conceptualizing it; or (3) one can defend it.
Trust Exercise: The Form of Race in the American Post-Identity Novel
Authors: Song Ellen
Published: May 2023

[Trust Exercise] reminds us that visibility and recognition, for racialized groups who desire the psychic satisfaction of being and feeling seen, are also fraught and contingent on those doing the viewing.
4 Standardization of Devices, Methods and Units of Measurement of Infectious and Non-Infectious Bioaerosols in the Workplace: Literature Review
Authors: Larson Stephen
Published: May 2023

There is currently a disconnect between the occupational hygienist and the epidemiologist in establishing quantitative relationships between exposure and resulting acute and chronic diseases. This disconnect is the result of a lack of standardization for assessing worker exposure to pathogenic biological agents. Specifically, there are numerous combinations of devices, analytical methods and units of measurement used in hygiene and epidemiological studies that prevent study to study comparisons and development of a uniform body of knowledge. Several recent reviews have concluded that occupational exposure limits for biological agents cannot be established due to this lack of standardization. The problem is exacerbated by the fact that most studies use area monitoring rather than breathing zone monitoring, a known source of error in defining worker dose. This review will use specific agents such as Legionella, Coccidioides, Endotoxin, Metalworking Fluid Mist, Flour Dust and Compost Dust to define the problem and suggest possible solutions.
95 Local Scale Exposure and Fate of Engineered Nanomaterials
Authors: Poikkimäki Mikko , Quik Joris T K , Säämänen Arto , Maso Miikka Dal
Published: May 2023

Nanotechnology is a growing megatrend in industrial production and innovations. Many applications utilize engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) that are potentially released into the atmospheric environment, e.g., via direct stack emissions from production facilities, and may have adverse effects on human health and the environment. Previous modeling approaches have focused on large regional compartments, into which the released ENMs are evenly mixed. However, due to the localization of the ENM release and removal processes, potentially higher airborne concentrations and deposition fluxes are obtained around the production facilities. Therefore, we compare the ENM concentrations from a dispersion model to those from the uniformly mixed compartment approach. For realistic release scenarios, we based the modeling on the case study measurement data from two ENM handling facilities. In addition, we calculated the distances, at which 50% of the ENMs are deposited, serving as a physically relevant metric to separate the local scale from the regional scale, thus indicating the size of the high exposure and risk region near the facility. As a result, we suggest a local scale compartment to be implemented in the multicompartment nanomaterial exposure models. We also present a computational tool for local exposure assessment that could be included to regulatory guidance and existing risk governance networks. A related research article is currently under peer-review (Poikkimäki et al. 2022, submitted).
103 ‘Remote Workplaces’ – How Wirelessly Connected Wearable Monitoring Devices Provide Insight and Context to the Occupational Hygienist on Potential Workplace Exposures
Authors: Todorovic Aleks
Published: May 2023

Over the past decade wearable devices have been popular amongst the wider population, particularly within the domestic fitness market. Manufacturers of occupational hygiene monitoring equipment have recently released wirelessly enabled wearable instruments designed for the industrial workforce that can provide data in real-time from local or remote workplaces. These instruments include portable gas detectors, heat stress monitors, noise dosimeters and hand arm vibration monitors. Occupational hygienists may be responsible for a company that has multiple sites often widely scattered, nationally and internationally. In their role they may be required to fly offshore to visit platforms in the oil and gas sector or drive long distances to reach isolated mine sites. The costs and additional travel risks can be considerable. Additionally, any interruptions in monitoring personal exposures on site may render the trip unsuccessful. Wearable instruments allow the occupational hygienist to detect change in a remote workplace in real-time, alerting the wearer and hygienist to an issue that needs to be addressed, enabling mitigation to take place in a timely manner. Furthermore, receiving instant access to sensor data allows determination of the correct response to unique, uncommon or unplanned maintenance activities that would be difficult to capture. This paper will review some of these monitoring devices, associated software and data outputs. Other technology currently available to the occupational hygienists to monitor for workplace hazards at remote worksites will also be addressed including: Their suitability for exposure assessments, use to evaluate controls, their limitations, and their long-term viability as a tool in the hygienist’s toolbox.
104 Application of CFD Simulation for Development Cyclone Samplers
Authors: Misiulia Dzmitry , Lidén Göran , Antonyuk Sergiy
Published: May 2023

Aerosol sampling is one of the largest and growing application areas of small-scale cyclone separators. A series of limit values are already or will be reduced in the future and therefore there is a need for samplers operating at larger flow rates that can collect the required amount of particles for analysis at lower aerosol concentrations. Therefore, the main goal of this work was to develop and validate a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model that can be used for simulation and optimisation of cyclone samplers. For aerosol flow modelling the Euler-Lagrange method was applied where the continuous phase is treated in an Eulerian manner, whereas the dispersed phase is treated in a Lagrangian approach. For a proper simulation of the flow field, the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) technique was used. A dynamic Smagorinsky-Lilly model was applied to calculate subgrid-scale turbulence. The developed model was validated on two cyclone samplers, a 9.5 mm in diameter sampling cyclone of the HD design and a 23 mm in diameter FSP 10 cyclone. For that, the simulated performance characteristics, such as a cut-size, a slope of the penetration curve, and the pressure drop, were compared with the experimental measurements. The simulation results agree well with experimental data. The deviation in cut-size, the slope of the penetration curve, and the pressure drop between the experimental data and LES simulations of the HD cyclone do not exceed 7%, 18.4%, and 10.3% respectively. Regarding the FSP10 cyclone, the deviations in cyclone performance characteristics are even lower.
114 Development of High Volume Personal Aerosol Samplers
Authors: Möhlmann Carsten , Sakowsky Hendrik , Vossen Katja , Beisser Renate , von der Heyden Thomas , Breuer Dietmar
Published: May 2023

The tendency for decreasing a series of occupational exposure limit values is seen the last years. Especially metal species are linked to a larger health effect in latest toxicological assessments. These changes imply further reductions of the limits of quantification for both the sampling and analysis methods. The personal sampling methods (as a set of sampler, filter and pump) used today comprise air flows up to 10 l/min. In order to achieve higher amounts of sampled aerosols an airflow of 20 l/min is aimed for a new set of samplers for the inhalable and respirable dust fraction. This also enables shorter sampling times than a full shift, e.g. task based exposure assessment. A small set of prototypes was designed to go into testing. A filter size of 47 mm was chosen to realise a higher dust load and an acceptable pressure drop for a personal air sampling pump. Such a pump was recently developed and is now available. Samplers for the inhalable fraction with different numbers and orientation of orifices are tested in a calm air dust chamber and a wind tunnel according to the test standard EN 13205 in the particle size range up to 100 µm. A cyclone design according to the GK family of cyclones (Mesalabs) was chosen to meet the respirable convention. First test results will be shown, either in comparison with validated samplers or in terms of the sampling efficiency in dependence of the aerodynamic diameter.
115 Laboratory Performances of the CIP 10 Personal Aerosol Sampler for the Collection of Submicron Particles
Authors: Simon Xavier , Boivin Alexis , Sutter Benjamin , Witschger Olivier , Bau Sébastien
Published: May 2023

The CIP 10 is a personal aerosol sampler designed to sample conventional dust or specific occupational inorganic or organic substances such as crystalline silica, isocyanates or mycotoxins. It is widespread used, especially in France. Within the CIP10, the rotating cup contains a porous polyurethane foam devoted to the collection of airborne particles and rotates inside its housing at a speed close to 6700 rpm to induce a 7 or 10 L/min sampling airflow, depending on the particle-size selector. Despite several published works regarding its physical performances, no experimental data exist regarding the sampling efficiency for submicron particles. This study aimed to measure the collection efficiency of the CIP 10 for different types of foam (60 or 75 ppi, functionalized or not) and for the three selectors (inhalable, thoracic, respirable). Polydisperse particles with aerodynamic diameters between 20 nm and 10 µm were produced using various generators and different materials (DEHS, glass beads) in a specific test rig. For a given diameter, the collection efficiency was calculated by comparing the number concentrations measured alternatively upstream and downstream of the rotating cup, using APS (TSI 3321) or SMPS (Grimm DMA Vienna Type, CPC 5.403) spectrometers. While collection efficiency was 100% for particles > 3 µm, it progressively decreased to around 50 % and even below 10 % for aerodynamic diameters of 800 mm and 150 nm, respectively. Collection efficiency was unaffected by the type of foam or sampler flow rate used. Bias maps and consequences on workers aerosol exposure assessment will be discussed.
141 Total Reactive Isocyanate Group (Trig) Measurement – a Commentary
Authors: Johnson Paul , McConnachie Glen
Published: May 2023

Exposure to airborne isocyanates has, for decades, been a leading cause of occupational. As respiratory sensitisers, isocyanates can induce allergic respiratory diseases with symptoms persisting even without further exposure. As this cause of occupational asthma is recognised it should be almost entirely preventable. In several countries isocyanates are assigned occupational exposure limits based on the total of reactive isocyanate groups (TRIG). The measurement of TRIG has some significant advantages over the measurement of individual isocyanate compounds. This exposure metric is explicit, simplifying calculations and comparisons across published data. It reduces the risk of underestimating exposure by ‘missing’ important isocyanate compounds that may be present but are not the target analytes. It allows for quantification of exposure to complex mixtures of isocyanates, di-isocyanates monomers, prepolymers, polyisocyanates, oligomers, and/or intermediate forms. This is becoming increasingly important as more complex isocyanate products are being used in the workplace. There are many methods and techniques for measuring air concentrations / potential exposure to isocyanates. Several established methods have been standardised and published as International Organization for Standardization (ISO) methods. While some may be applied directly for determination of TRIG, others (developed for determination of individual isocyanates), require modification. This presentation aims to highlight the relative merits and limitations of those methods capable of determining TRIG and also considers potential future developments.
6 P-Cymene Formation by Oxidation of Cyclohexadiene Monoterpenes – a Pitfall in Air Sampling of Terpenes
Authors: Fauss Jürgen , Reinmuth Claudia , Weigl Matthias
Published: May 2023

It has been known for a long time that certain terpenes are sensitive to oxidation. Especially in the presence of small amounts, as is the case in the environment or indoors, changes occur due to UV light or ozone exposition. Various oxidized products have also been detected when sampling low terpene concentrations using Tenax® tubes and subsequent thermal desorption. Here we show that carrying out common air sampling of monoterpenes in the lower ppm range on charcoal tubes, the atmospheric oxygen is sufficient to oxidize the most sensitive terpenes to a considerable extent, forming almost exclusively p-cymene. As expected, the extent of aromatization was strongest in the terpenes with a double unsaturated ring system such as α- or γ-terpinene or α-phellandrene while p-menthene or limonene were not affected. We studied the influence of sampling time, temperature, humidity and storage time of the coated tubes. Simultaneously conducted experiments with thermal desorption in the ppb range showed a significantly reduced p-cymene formation compared to the activated charcoal results. Our findings were confirmed by air samples of terpenes taken during the grinding of nutmegs. The concentrations of p-cymene determined were significantly higher than the terpene pattern of nutmeg oil would have suggested. Thus, the detection of p-cymene during air sampling may be an artifact caused by the presence of cyclohexadiene monoterpenes. This is particularly important because p-cymene is often used as an internal standard in terpene analysis thus preventing its artifact formation from being noticed.
29 Estimating Respirable Dust Exposure from Inhalable Dust Exposure
Authors: Wippich Cornelia , Breuer Dietmar , Rissler Jörg , Koppisch Dorothea
Published: May 2023

From the exposition database ‘MEGA’, established by the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance, measurements of inhalable dust (n=103 825) and respirable dust (n=222 501) were selected to create conversion functions of inhalable to respirable dust concentrations in different workplaces. These functions are important for exposure assessment or retrospective evaluations of exposure situations and for epidemiologic studies, when just one fraction was analyzed. For the determination of the conversion functions, 15 120 pairs of inhalable and respirable dust, which were measured in parallel, were formed. The assignment was done considering various variables such as sampling date and time or workplaces. The measured values were log-transformed and a linear regression analysis was done, calculating a conversion function for the whole dataset with an adjusted R2 > 0.580 and R>0.760. On the basis of technical information, the dataset was divided into different dust groups considering material and working activities as relevant variables, resulting in six working activity, three material, four working activity-material combination and eleven heuristic groups. For each of these groups a conversion function was calculated as well and will be described in the presentation. The models admissibility was evaluated by examining the assumptions of linear regression such as no autocorrelation, normal distribution of residuals and variance homogeneity. On the basis of that, future measurements in different workplaces and the dust exposure can easier be evaluated, when measurements of just one fractions were made and the other can be estimated using the conversion functions.