bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Türkiye için Çocuk Yardımı Önerisi
Authors: DAĞLIOĞLU Selim
Published: December 2023

Başta Avrupa ülkeleri olmak üzere ülkeler, nüfusun yaşlanması sorunuyla karşı karşıyadır. Doğurganlık hızındaki azalış ve ortalama yaşam süresindeki artış, bu sorunu daha derinleşmekte ve ülkelerdeki nüfusun yaşlanma hızını artırmaktadır. Bu bakımdan ülkeler, yaşlanma sorununun ele alınmasında ülke doğurganlık hızlarının artırılmasına yönelik tedbirlere öncelik vermektedir. Doğurganlık hızındaki azalış ve doğumda yaşam beklentisindeki artış, hâlihazırda genç bir nüfusa sahip olan Türkiye’nin de yakın zamanda yaşlanma sorunuyla karşılaşacağının habercisi niteliğindedir. Son yıllarda rakamlar, Türkiye nüfusu için yapılan ve doğurganlık hızında azalış öngören projeksiyonlardaki rakamların altında gerçekleşmektedir. Bu, Türkiye’deki yaşlanma hızının öngörülenden daha hızlı gerçekleşeceğini göstermektedir. Bu bakımdan doğurganlık hızını artıracak tedbirlerin alınması ve bu yönde teşviklerin sağlanması önem arz etmektedir. Başta çocuk yardımları olmak üzere aile yardımları, nüfusun yaşlanması sorunuyla mücadelede yaygın olarak kullanılan araçlardan biridir. Türkiye’de de bazı, çocuk yardımları bulunmaktadır. Ancak bu yardımlar, kurumsal bir yapı içerisinde sağlanmadığı gibi bu yardımlardan sınırlı bir grup yararlanabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada mevcut veriler ışığında Türkiye için bir çocuk yardımı uygulama önerisi geliştirilmiş ve önerilen uygulamanın gelir-gider projeksiyonu yapılmıştır. Projeksiyonlarda kullanılan bazı parametrelere ilişkin varsayımlardaki değişikliklerden projeksiyonların nasıl etkileneceğinin incelenmesi amacıyla duyarlılık analizi de yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda 15 yaş ve altındaki tüm çocuklar için çocukların bakımını üstlenen ve ülkede ikamet eden tüm kişilere her bir çocuk için asgari ücretin %3,33’ü oranında çocuk yardımı yapıldığı bir uygulama önerilmiştir. Söz konusu uygulamanın finansmanının sağlanması için ise çalışan kişilerden kazançları üzerinden %1,84 oranda (%0,5 işveren hissesi ve %0,34 işçi hissesi ve %1 oranında devlet katkısı) prim toplanması önerilmektedir.
İSG PROFESYONELLERİNİN (İŞYERİ HEKİMİ, İG UZMANI, DİĞER SAĞLIK PERSONELİ) DEPRESYON DÜZEYLERİ VE İŞ TATMİN DÜZEYLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ATALI Gamze , AĞAR Ali , TUĞRUL İsmail , ACAR Muhammed Nurullah
Published: December 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı İSG profesyonellerinin yani işyeri hekimi, iş güvenliği uzmanı ve diğer sağlık personelinin depresyon düzeyleri ve çalışma tatmin düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir.

Materyal-metod: Çalışmanın örneklemini ülkemizde görev yapan 661 İSG profesyoneli oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri çevrimiçi anket formu ile (Google Form) kullanılmıştır. Anket formu, sosyo demografik özellikler, Beck Depresyon Envanteri ve Minnesota İş doyum ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin analiz edilmesinde tanımlayıcı istatistiksel yöntemlere (yüzde, frekans, ortalama ya da standart sapma vb.) başvurulmuştur. Ölçek gruplarını ve değişkenleri karşılaştırmak için Mann Whitney U Testi ile Kruskal Wallis Testi kullanılmıştır. Değişkenler arasında bulunan ilişkiyi saptamak adına spearman korelasyon analizi yapılmıştır.

Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 34,8±8 yıl olduğu, %52.8’i erkek, %46.6’sı lisansüstü mezunu, %50.5’i C sınıfı iş güvenliği uzmanı ve %47.5’i çok tehlikeli işyerinde çalıştıkları tespit edilmiştir. Çalışanların iş yeri tehlike sınıfı ile depresyon düzeyi ve iş doyumu arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı düzeyde bir farkın bulunduğu (p˂0.05) ve depresyon düzeyi ile iş doyumu arasında istatistiksel açıdan ters yönlü, zayıf seviyede ve anlamlı bağıntının bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir (p ˂0.05).

Sonuç: İSG profesyonellerinin işyeri tehlike sınıfı düzeyi arttıkça depresyon düzeylerinin arttığı ve iş doyum düzeylerinin ise azaldığı, buna göre depresyon düzeyleri ile iş tatmin düzeyleri arasında ters yönlü bir ilişki olduğu söylenebilir.
Application of AI intelligent vision detection technology using deep learning algorithm
Authors: Huang Yan
Published: December 2023

This study aims to design efficient and reliable artificial intelligence vision detection models to improve detection efficiency and accuracy. The study filters defect-free images by image preprocessing and region of interest detection techniques. AlexNet network is enhanced by introducing attention mechanism modules, deep separable convolutions, and more to effectively boost the network's feature extraction capacity. An area convolutional neural network is developed to rapidly identify and locate defects on steel plate surfaces, utilizing an enhanced AlexNet network for feature extraction. Results demonstrated that the algorithm attained an average detection rate of 98 % and can identify defects in a minimal time of only 0.0011 seconds. For the detection of six types of steel plate defects, the average accuracy of the optimized fast regional convolutional neural network reached more than 0.9, especially for the detection of small-size defects with excellent performance. This improved AlexNet network has a great advantage in F1 value. The conclusion of the study shows that the designed artificial intelligence vision detection model has high detection accuracy, speed, and performance stability in steel plate surface defect detection and has a wide range of application prospects.
Identification and quantification of microplastics in wastewater treatment plants by spectroscopic and microscopic techniques in Johannesburg East, South Africa
Authors: Mphaga Tendani , Mhlongo T. N. , Zikalala Sithembele , Topkin James
Published: December 2023

The occurrence of microplastics in water, their chemistry, physical characteristics, and the efficiency of public wastewater treatment work (WWTW) processes in the removal of microplastics are investigated. Samples were collected from the period 2021 December to 2022 September from two WWTWs in Johannesburg East using 24-h autosamplers. The microplastics were imaged using polarised optical microscopy (POM) and the images were processed using image J 1.53 K to determine the particle counts. The total concentration of microplastics at WWTW A was 3,098 MP/L while WWTW B had 3,561 MP/L. The microplastics identified across the seasons were dominated by angular, fibres, fragments, and films. Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy identified the polymers such as polyethylene, acrylic, polyethylene terephthalate, and polystyrene in WWTW A and B influent while identifying the polymers such as polystyrene, polyacrylamide, polypropylene, polycarbonate, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate), carboxyl, poly(ethylene terephthalate), polyethylene, poly(methyl methacrylate), and cellulose in the final effluent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) identified Cr, Ca, Fe, Al, Na, Mg, Zn, Cl, P, S, and silicon as additives to microplastics with high-intensity peaks of oxygen and carbon. It is recommended to monitor and regulate microplastics in discharged effluents from WWTWs to minimise environmental pollution.
Guidelines for ensuring the reliability of cameral evaluation of the authenticity of as-built survey maps
Authors: Orlova E. A. , Fomin N. I.
Published: December 2023

Aim. The paper aims to demonstrate a unique method of evaluating the authenticity of as-built survey maps using Microsoft Excel and verification results. The authenticity of the horizontal and vertical deviations of building structures documented in geodetic designs is evaluated by comparing the diagram of control point value distribution with a normal probability plot (Gaussian distribution). The verification of the developed method presented in the paper is based on a quantile plot, as well as calculations using three different methods involving the analysis of the parameters and statistical characteristics of the sought sample.

Methods. The paper used the cameral method of evaluating as-built survey maps, as well as methods of mathematical statistics for verifying the research findings.

Results. The hypothesis of normal distribution of the sample of control point deviations of the examined building structures was verified and confirmed using the following methods: quantile plotting; verification of the three sigma rule; analysis of the index of skewness and kurtosis; verification of the hypothesis of normal distribution per Pearson’s chi-squared test. That allows ensuring the reliability and verifiability of the results as regards the registration control of as-built drawings. The paper also substantiates the practical applicability of the method of evaluating the authenticity of asbuilt survey maps developed by the authors.
PM-HIP for Nuclear: Outlook, Technology and Applications
Authors: Gandy D.W.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Significant reductions in CO2 greenhouse gas emissions must be realized to meet the US goal of a 50% overall decrease by 2030. To further meet the net-zero emission goal by 2050, substantial reductions across three primary sectors (electricity, transportation, and industrial/buildings) must also be realized. Within the electricity sector, these significant reductions can only be accomplished through the replacement of much of the existing power generation infrastructure with renewables, hydrogen, natural gas, storage and new nuclear. It is anticipated that by 2050, the US will have to replace nearly 800GW of fossil and nuclear power generation assets (Note: 1GW = ~750,000 homes or 2 coal-fired power plants). This paper highlights several planned nuclear units (40 units) that are slated for production by the 2030 timeframe. If the PM-HIP community wants to be a part of this transition and support new nuclear, it too must begin work immediately to both qualify new materials/components and further develop its infrastructure for new component manufacturing and fabrication. This paper provides an overview of the current materials that are accepted within the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and highlights recent changes which will allow PM-HIP materials/components to be more easily integrated and accepted into the Code. Additionally, this paper identifies many of the key needs for PM-HIP to be considered part of the new build equation including two enabling technologies: PM-HIP modeling & design and large PM-HIP capabilities, along with three additional supporting needs: powder production, scaling of components, and engagement of the end-user community.
Use of HIP Process in Post-Processing of Components Manufactured by SLM Technology from Magnetically Soft FeSi6.5 Powder
Authors: Kołacz D.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. This paper presents the influence of the Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) process on the structure and properties of the components printed by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology. The samples were manufactured from magnetically soft FeSi6.5 alloy powder, using different SLM printing parameters. Semi-finished products were densified in the HIP process by varying its duration and isostatic pressure value. Density, hardness, and microstructure were tested on the printed parts both before and after HIP densification. The application of the hot isostatic pressure densification process indicates a change in its final properties concerning the feedstock components. The influence of variable SLM printing parameters of semi-finished parts on the production quality and properties after the HIP process was also observed.
Effect of Hot Isostatic Pressing on Microstructure and Properties of GH4169 Superalloy Manufactured by SLM
Authors: Niu S.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Superalloy GH4169 is an extremely important material for aircraft structural components in aero-engines. In this study, the effects of different hot isostatic pressing temperature and pressure on the microstructure and mechanical properties of GH4169 were studied by means of metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope and tensile experiment. The results show that hot isostatic pressing can significantly improve the microstructure of the test alloy manufactured by SLM. With the increase of hot isostatic pressing temperature and pressure, the tensile strength and yield strength of the test alloy decreased slightly, while the elongation showed an opposite trend. The increase of elongation is attributed to the improvement of microstructure uniformity of the test alloy by hot isostatic pressing.
Comparison of HIP Composite and HIP Solid Material with Melting Metallurgically Produced Solid Material
Authors: Ernest A.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. The production of composite materials using Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) technology is finding more and more applications. Composite parts for co-rotating twin screw extruders have been introduced in practice for years and are indispensable. Further applications in the roller sector for the processing of high-quality sheet metal and wood pellet production contribute to quality improvement and service life extension and can be tailored precisely to the demands. Composite material is particularly advantageous for large dimensions. Requirements such as high hardness in the rim zone and high strength in the load-bearing core can be combined with different materials. In the present work, HIP composite materials and HIP solid materials were compared with melting metallurgically produced solid materials. The differences in hardness and strength in the rim zone and in the core after heat treatment are presented, showing the advantages and disadvantages of both systems. The choice of composite material depends on the requirements and can cover contrary needs such as corrosion, wear resistance and high strength.
Preparation of High-Quality Mo-Nb (Ti/Ni-Ti) Sputtering Target by Hot Isostatic Pressing
Authors: Wu Z.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Mo-Nb, Mo-Ti, Mo-Ni-Ti sputtering target samples were prepared using Mo powder, Nb powder,Ni powder and Ti powder as raw materials by hot isostatic pressing (near net forming). The density, phase composition, microstructure and element distribution of Mo-Nb, Mo-Ti, Mo-Ni-Ti sputtered target samples were measured by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer. The experimental results show that hot isostatic pressing can prepare Mo-Nb target at lower temperature, and the obtained samples have finer grains, higher density and more uniform element distribution than that of non-pressure sintering. High-quality Mo-Nb, Mo-Ti, Mo-Ni-Ti sputtering targets (density>99%, grain size<100 μm) were obtained by hot isostatic pressing.
Manufacturing of Compact Heat Exchangers by Hot Isostatic Pressing
Authors: Rigal E.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Compact plate heat exchangers (CPHE) are made of millimetric grooved plates stacked and joined together. Among joining processes, diffusion welding is the only one that allows joining the core of the modules without filler material (e.g., braze). However, several challenges must be met to achieve such components, including management of deformation of channels, soundness of joints, non destructive controllability and so on. Part of the achievements made in the frame of the development of the sodium-gas heat exchanger modules of the ASTRID prototype of 4th generation nuclear reactors are described in this presentation, focusing on process modeling and experimental validation with 316L steel.
The Pathology of PM HIP Duplex Stainless Steels
Authors: Berglund T.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Tests were conducted to simulate possible issues in manufacturing of Powder Metallurgical HIPed Duplex Stainless Steels. Root causes, and consequences are analyzed and discussed from a manufacturing, metallurgical and properties point of view. The results highlight the importance of material understanding and good process control when manufacturing these alloys. While some issues are unique to PM HIP material, many of them can also be found in conventional wrought materials e.g., sigma phase and nitride precipitation. In addition, the findings in this study puts into question limitations stated in some specifications for this process and alloys. The findings show the importance of staying within these limitations but also show that some aspects are not as critical. The majority of these specifications are based on forging specifications that might result in unnecessary limitations on the PM HIP process and materials. This while not necessarily ensuring material quality or possibly limiting material use.
Kualitas Jerami Jagung (Zea mays) yang di Fermentasi Dengan Aspergillus niger Sebagai Pakan Ternak
Authors: Muwakhid Badat , Kalsum Umi , Rifa'i Rifa'i
Published: December 2023

Peningkatan kualitas pakan berbahan baku jerami jagung dapat dilakukan dengan pengolahan menggunakan teknologi fermentasi menggunakan kapang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas jerami jagung yang telah diberikan perlakuan fermentasi dengan menggunakan Aspergillus niger. Materi pada penelitian ini menggunakan jerami jagung dan Aspergillus niger. Percobaan dalam penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode rancangan acak lengkap. Berdasarkan perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu P0 (kontrol), P1 (Aspergillus niger 105 CFU per gram bahan segar), P2 (Aspergillus niger 106 CFU per gram bahan segar) dan P3 (Aspergillus niger 107 CFU per gram bahan segar). Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa perlakuan pemberian Aspergillus niger memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan secara nyata (P<0,01) terhadap kadar BO, SK, NDF, ADF, selulosa, BETN, serta kecernaan BK dan BO, sedangkan perlakuan tersebut memberikan pengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap kandungan BK jerami jagung. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, jumlah penambahan Aspergillus niger 107 per gram bahan segar dalam fermentasi jerami jagung memberikan hasil yang paling baik terhadap kualitas pakan yang dihasilkan.
Pengendalian Gulma Pada Tanaman Padi (Oryza sativa L.) Melalui Penerapan Penyiangan dan Populasi Itik
Authors: Ramadhan Akbar Noor , khumairoh Uma , Sebayang Husni Thamrin
Published: December 2023

Padi (Oryza sativa L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas tanaman pangan, namun di Indonesia produktivitasnya masih rendah dan tidak stabil. Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh gulma yang menjadikan menurunnya produktivitas padi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode pengendalian gulma yang berbeda yakni penyiangan dan integrasi padi-itik terhadap pertumbuhan serta hasil tanaman padi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Sukoharjo, Kepanjen, Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur pada bulan Juni sampai Oktober 2022. Disusun menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan perlakuan yang terdiri dari A1 = bergulma; A2 = penyiangan sebanyak 2 kali; A3 = penyiangan sebanyak 3 kali; A4 = populasi 1 ekor itik per 20 m^2; A5 = populasi 2 ekor itik per 20 m^2; A6 = populasi 3 ekor itik per 20 m^2. Data yang terkumpul dari hasil penelitian ditabulasi dengan Microsoft Excel, lalu dianalisis dengan menggunakan tabel Sidik Ragam (ANOVA) dan di uji lanjut menggunakan Uji BNJ 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan populasi itik sebanyak 3 ekor per 20 m2 menghasilkan pertumbuhan dan hasil panen yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya, namun tidak berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan populasi itik sebanyak 1 ekor per 20 m2 dan populasi itik sebanyak 2 ekor per 20 m2
Pengaruh Waktu Pemangkasan Cabang Lateral pada Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Beberapa Varietas Tanaman Kacang Panjang (Vigna sinensis L.)
Authors: Alfarizi Muhammad , khumairoh Uma
Published: December 2023

Kacang panjang (Vigna sinensis L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas sayuran polong yang banyak dibudidayakan oleh masyarakat di Indonesia. Namun produksi kacang panjang nasional mengalami penurunan setiap tahunnya. Upaya peningkatan produksi dapat dilakukan melalui pemangkasan cabang lateral dan penggunaan varietas unggul. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu pemangkasan cabang lateral pada pertumbuhan dan hasil beberapa varietas tanaman kacang panjang. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus-November 2022, berlokasi di Desa Tegalkuning, Kecamatan Banyuurip, Kabupaten Purworejo. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Faktorial dengan dua faktor yaitu waktu pemangkasan cabang lateral dan varietas. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA, apabila terdapat pengaruh nyata dilanjutkan uji BNJ taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat interaksi antara perlakuan waktu pemangkasan cabang lateral dan perlakuan varietas terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil kacang panjang. Waktu pemangkasan cabang lateral 30 hst meningkatkan panjang tanaman, jumlah bunga, jumlah polong segar, bobot polong segar per tanaman, produksi polong per petak panen dan produksi polong per hektar. Perlakuan varietas Pertiwi dan varietas Kanton Tavi memberikan pengaruh yang sama pada luas daun, jumlah bunga, panjang polong, bobot polong segar per tanaman, produksi polong per petak panen dan produksi polong per hektar. Perlakuan waktu pemangkasan cabang lateral dan perlakuan varietas tidak berpengaruh nyata pada umur berbunga dan umur panen kacang panjang.
Bewegen in het boek der natuur: buitensport als heilzame spirituele discipline
Authors: Abrahamse J.M.
Published: December 2023

Human beings seek wild places to reflect upon ourselves and understand our place within creation. In outdoor sports, we experience the natural world through physical exertion as an expression of God’s majesty. This essay evaluates the ‘outdoor’ theologically as a spiritual discipline aimed at admiring the ‘beautiful book’ of nature, based on the experiences of students during a course, a theological exploration of Psalm 8, an aesthetic-doxological interpretation of the book metaphor, and the concept of resonance in Hartmut Rosa.
Influence of UTAUT, perceived compatibility, and perceived credibility on m-commerce adoption
Authors: Yahaya Syazwani , Abdul Hamid Siti Norasyikin , Mohd Nafi Siti Noratisah
Published: December 2023

The adoption of mobile commerce (m-commerce) transaction is still not equal to an extremely potential market for online business in developing countries such as Malaysia. This research aims to examine the adoption of m-commerce transaction by SMEs in the service sector by extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT). Additional variables of perceived compatibility and perceived credibility were added to the traditional UTAUT which originally consisted of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, perceived compatibility and perceived credibility toward m-commerce adoption. This study implemented a quantitative approach and the data was collected from 245 SMEs who had previously used m-commerce. The result shows that performance expectancy, perceived compatibility, and perceived credibility have a significant influence on SMEs' mobile adoption, whereas effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions don't have a significant influence on SMEs' m-commerce adoption. In fact, SME owners believe that using electronic money in their business operations will improve their performance. IT professionals could intensify efforts to deploy m-commerce technology in the business organization to enhance productivity performance improvement of m-commerce transaction adoption. In fact, companies would benefit by making m-commerce transaction systems more helpful, secure, and compatible to use. By recognizing the factors that influence the adoption of m-commerce could help in addressing the challenges and barriers they present. Therefore, this research confirms the need to extend the traditional UTAUT in terms of m-commerce adoption.
La Sostenibilidad como Paradigma Socio-Ecológico: Complejidad, Transdisciplinariedad y Desarrollo Sostenible
Authors: Pérez Almeida Iris , Romero Santos Alfredo
Published: December 2023

En este libro se pretende ofrecer al estudiante (y a cualquier persona interesada en aprender) los conceptos y principios básicos que caracterizan y condicionan el objetivo último de la necesidad de alcanzar la sostenibilidad: vivir en comunión con la naturaleza de la cual formamos parte, sin provocar su deterioro y, por el contrario, asegurar que las futuras generaciones también la puedan disfrutar. En el contexto introductorio presentamos tres fenómenos que están ocurriendo sin que nos demos cuenta: la nueva época del Antropoceno, los límites planetarios y los sistemas socio-ecológicos. Ellos marcan la necesidad de ser sostenibles, y le imprimen a la sostenibilidad su complejidad y su urgencia. De seguidas, discutimos los conceptos emergentes que requerimos para alcanzar la sostenibilidad: el capital natural y los servicios ecosistémicos, los cuales una vez internalizados y asumidos en la praxis nos pueden facilitar la transformación individual y colectiva para trabajar en función del complejo proceso de desarrollo sostenible. Continuamos con el evento que ha marcado el punto de inflexión de todo este asunto: las Metas del Desarrollo Sostenible, promulgadas por la ONU en 2016, pero que están encontrando más problemas que los esperados, sobre todo por los amplios objetivos que cada una de las 17 metas implica, cuyo seguimiento e indicadores resultan desafiantes en muchos casos. En el capítulo 5 se presentan los cuatro aspectos en los cuales la sostenibilidad debe asegurar su prevalencia, de manera de superar los escollos que los mismos representan: la pérdida de la biodiversidad, el cambio climático global, la producción de alimentos, la producción de bienes y servicios acelerada y descontrolada, y algunas alternativas que se vienen considerando por mucho tiempo, pero que no terminan de concretarse. Por último, se ofrece una somera exposición sobre el aspecto práctico más visible de la sostenibilidad, la producción y el consumo adecuado a los principios de la conservación de la naturaleza y la sociedad misma. En realidad, quedan muchas aristas que cubrir, pero en este modesto intento de difundir y formar opiniones favorables y cónsonas con la sostenibilidad, se quedan por fuera. Solo deseamos que se encienda una llama de curiosidad e interés que permita la consecución individual de las metas de sostenibilidad que cada quién debe asumir y practicar.
In Water High Yield and Selectivity of CH4 and H2 Production Using UVC Light and a SiO2-surface-modified TiO2 Photocatalysts
Authors: Núñez Oswaldo , Fereidooni Mohammad , Márquez Victor , Sattayamuk Duangthip , Praserthdam Piyasan , Praserthdam Supareak
Published: December 2023

To improve CH4 and H2 formation from CO2 photoreduction using non-organic, non-laborious, and inexpensive photocatalysts, we have prepared two surface-silicate-modified TiO2 catalysts: P25-SiO2 and AmTiO2-SiO2 (amorphous TiO2) to be tested in water and using UV light. The last catalyst produces more CH4 and H2 in water than P25 (3:1 TiO2 anatase: rutile) under UV light irradiation of HCO3- and CO2; am-TiO2-SiO2 at pH = 7, produces 8 times more CH4 and H2 than P25 with selectivity at the reactor headspace of 30% and 53%, respectively. Using CO2 (pH = 3), 80 times more CH4 than P25 under the same conditions is obtained with a yield of 71%. This corresponds to a production of 8.9 μmol gcat-1·h-1, one of the highest reported rates of CH4 production from CO2 using carbon-free semiconductors. H2 is also produced by water splitting using Am-TiO2-SiO2 and water at low pH. The enhanced reactivity compared to P25 is attributed to three main factors: a) Low catalyst PZC (4.1) that facilitates CO2 adsorption and proton availability at the active site to catalyze the e transfer from Ti at the TiO2-SiO2-carbonate adduct b) SiO2 acts as electron trap reducing carriers recombination (External intramolecular trapping (EIT) mechanism) and c) am-TiO2-SiO2, light collection efficiency, surface area and irregular atoms distribution. Catalysts were also tested for Methylene blue (MB) photooxidation. P25 is quite a better catalyst in oxidizing MB via OH radicals, probably due to the more positive valence band potentials in the SiO2-modified catalysts that avoid the OH radical formation from water; however, when bicarbonate is added to MB solution, am-TiO2-SiO2 catalysts reactivity increases as a consequence of its valence band down-bending.
Potential Applications of Nanomedicine
Authors: Hosseinkhani Hossein
Published: December 2023

EditorialPotential Applications of NanomedicineHossein Hosseinkhani *Innovation Center for Advanced Technology, Matrix HT, Inc., New York, NY 10019, USA; E-Mail: hh@matrix-inc.com* Correspondence: Hossein Hosseinkhani; E-Mail: hh@matrix-inc.comRecent Progress in Materials2023, volume 5, issue 4doi:10.21926/rpm.2304036Received: December 03, 2023Accepted: December 04, 2023Published: December 05, 2023
ChatGPT Versus Consultants: Blinded Evaluation on Answering Otorhinolaryngology Case–Based Questions
Authors: Buhr Christoph Raphael , Smith Harry , Huppertz Tilman , Bahr-Hamm Katharina , Matthias Christoph , Blaikie Andrew , Kelsey Tom , Kuhn Sebastian , Eckrich Jonas
Published: December 2023

Background

Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT (Open AI), are increasingly used in medicine and supplement standard search engines as information sources. This leads to more “consultations” of LLMs about personal medical symptoms.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate ChatGPT’s performance in answering clinical case–based questions in otorhinolaryngology (ORL) in comparison to ORL consultants’ answers.

Methods

We used 41 case-based questions from established ORL study books and past German state examinations for doctors. The questions were answered by both ORL consultants and ChatGPT 3. ORL consultants rated all responses, except their own, on medical adequacy, conciseness, coherence, and comprehensibility using a 6-point Likert scale. They also identified (in a blinded setting) if the answer was created by an ORL consultant or ChatGPT. Additionally, the character count was compared. Due to the rapidly evolving pace of technology, a comparison between responses generated by ChatGPT 3 and ChatGPT 4 was included to give an insight into the evolving potential of LLMs.

Results

Ratings in all categories were significantly higher for ORL consultants (P<.001). Although inferior to the scores of the ORL consultants, ChatGPT’s scores were relatively higher in semantic categories (conciseness, coherence, and comprehensibility) compared to medical adequacy. ORL consultants identified ChatGPT as the source correctly in 98.4% (121/123) of cases. ChatGPT’s answers had a significantly higher character count compared to ORL consultants (P<.001). Comparison between responses generated by ChatGPT 3 and ChatGPT 4 showed a slight improvement in medical accuracy as well as a better coherence of the answers provided. Contrarily, neither the conciseness (P=.06) nor the comprehensibility (P=.08) improved significantly despite the significant increase in the mean amount of characters by 52.5% (n= (1470-964)/964; P<.001).

Conclusions

While ChatGPT provided longer answers to medical problems, medical adequacy and conciseness were significantly lower compared to ORL consultants’ answers. LLMs have potential as augmentative tools for medical care, but their “consultation” for medical problems carries a high risk of misinformation as their high semantic quality may mask contextual deficits.
Reimagining Core Entrustable Professional Activities for Undergraduate Medical Education in the Era of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Jacobs Sarah Marie , Lundy Neva Nicole , Issenberg Saul Barry , Chandran Latha
Published: December 2023

The proliferation of generative artificial intelligence (AI) and its extensive potential for integration into many aspects of health care signal a transformational shift within the health care environment. In this context, medical education must evolve to ensure that medical trainees are adequately prepared to navigate the rapidly changing health care landscape. Medical education has moved toward a competency-based education paradigm, leading the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) to define a set of Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) as its practical operational framework in undergraduate medical education. The AAMC’s 13 core EPAs for entering residencies have been implemented with varying levels of success across medical schools. In this paper, we critically assess the existing core EPAs in the context of rapid AI integration in medicine. We identify EPAs that require refinement, redefinition, or comprehensive change to align with the emerging trends in health care. Moreover, this perspective proposes a set of “emerging” EPAs, informed by the changing landscape and capabilities presented by generative AI technologies. We provide a practical evaluation of the EPAs, alongside actionable recommendations on how medical education, viewed through the lens of the AAMC EPAs, can adapt and remain relevant amid rapid technological advancements. By leveraging the transformative potential of AI, we can reshape medical education to align with an AI-integrated future of medicine. This approach will help equip future health care professionals with technological competence and adaptive skills to meet the dynamic and evolving demands in health care.
Development of deep learning algorithm for detecting dyskalemia based on electrocardiogram (Preprint)
Authors: An Jung Nam , Park Minje , Joo Sunghoon , Chang Mineok , Kim Do Hyoung , Shin Dong Geum , Na Yeongyeon , Kim Jwa-Kyung , Lee Hyung-Seok , Song Young Rim , Lee Yeha , Kim Sung Gyun
Published: December 2023

UNSTRUCTURED

Dyskalemia is a common electrolyte abnormality that can cause fatal arrhythmias and cardiac arrest in severe cases. We detected dyskalemia quickly and easily using a deep learning-based model that has learned electrocardiograms (ECG), which are noninvasive and can be quickly measured. This retrospective cohort study was conducted at two hospitals from 2006 to 2020. The training set, validation set, internal testing cohort, and external validation cohort comprised 310,449, 15,828, 23,849, and 130,415 ECG-serum potassium laboratory samples, respectively. A DeepECG-Hyperkalemia model diagnosing whether the potassium was ≥ 5.5 mEq/L and a DeepECG-Hypokalemia model diagnosing whether the potassium was < 3.5 mEq/L were developed adopting convolutional neural network architecture. The areas under the rece iver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of the DeepECG-Hyperkalemia model in the internal testing cohort were 0.929, 0.912, and 0.887 for 12-lead, limb-lead, and lead I, respectively. The AUROC of the DeepECG-Hypokalemia model in the internal testing cohort were 0.925, 0.896, and 0.885 for 12-lead, limb-lead, and lead I, respectively. The survival rate of the group that the model predicted to be positive was lower than that of the group that predicted to be negative (p < 0.001). Furthermore, when we masked the QRS complex and T wave features, a decrease in the AUROC performance for both models was observed. We demonstrated the high diagnostic performance of deep learning models for the noninvasive screening of dyskalemia based on electrocardiograms. By applying these models in clinical practice, it will be possible to diagnose dyskalemia simply and quickly, thereby contributing to the improvement of patient outcomes.
Klasifikasi Wilayah Rawan Banjir di Tomohon Menggunakan Citra Satelit Landsat 8 OLI
Authors: Gabriel Kenisa Meqfaden Baali  , Kristoko Dwi Hartomo  , Sri Yulianto Joko Prasetyo
Published: December 2023

Bencana alam sering terjadi tanpa diduga sehingga menyebabkan kerugian materiel maupun nonmateriel. Banjir merupakan salah satu bencana alam yang sering terjadi di beberapa daerah di Indonesia, salah satunya adalah Kota Tomohon. Kota Tomohon terletak di dataran tinggi, sehingga seharusnya memiliki tingkat risiko banjir rendah. Akan tetapi, pada kenyataanya, banjir masih terjadi di Kota Tomohon, sehingga menyebabkan kerugian materiel maupun nonmateriel. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah citra satelit Landsat 8 onboard operational land imager (OLI) yang diakses melalui United States Geographical Survey (USGS). Metode klasifikasi terbimbing dengan algoritma minimum distance classification (MDC) digunakan untuk melihat klasifikasi tutupan lahan yang berada di Kota Tomohon. Metode ini memiliki keunggulan dalam penggunaan data latih untuk mengklasifikasikan tutupan lahan di Kota Tomohon dengan tingkat akurasi sebesar 99,56%. Selain itu, perhitungan normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference water index (NDWI), dan soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) juga digunakan untuk melihat tingkat vegetasi dan kebasahan permukaan tanah yang ada di Kota Tomohon dengan menggunakan aplikasi Quantum GIS (QGIS). Setelah melihat tutupan lahan dan perhitungan indeks, dilakukan lagi pemberian bobot sesuai kriteria. Hal ini dilakukan untuk mempermudah analisis wilayah dan mengklasifikasikannya ke dalam tiga klasifikasi risiko banjir, yaitu tinggi, sedang, dan rendah. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa lahan hijau di Kota Tomohon masih lebih luas dibandingkan dengan area pemukiman. Akan tetapi, perhitungan NDVI, NDWI dan SAVI menunjukkan bahwa beberapa daerah padat penduduk terindikasi rawan banjir. Daerah tersebut antara lain Kecamatan Tomohon Selatan dan Kecamatan Tomohon Tengah dengan risiko tingkat tinggi dan Kecamatan Tomohon Timur dengan risiko tingkat sedang.
Perbandingan Fase Ekspresi Menggunakan Local Binary Pattern Histogram Untuk Pengenalan Ekspresi Mikro
Authors: Ulla Delfana Rosiani  , Priska Choirina  , Pratiwi Yessy Nindi Pratiwi , Septiar Enggar Sukmana
Published: December 2023

Ekspresi mikro merupakan representasi emosional yang terjadi secara spontan dan tidak dapat dikendalikan secara sadar serta bersifat sementara (durasi pendek) dengan gerakan halus (intensitas gerakan kecil), sehingga sulit dideteksi dengan mata manusia biasa. Gerakan otot ekspresi mikro dihasilkan hanya pada beberapa area kecil wajah, sehingga pengamatan pada area tertentu menghasilkan waktu komputasi yang lebih cepat dan memberikan informasi penting dibandingkan dengan pengamatan pada seluruh wajah. Penelitian ini mengusulkan pengurangan area dan fase pengamatan untuk pengenalan ekspresi mikro. Area yang diamati yaitu alis kiri, alis kanan, mata kanan, mata kiri, dan mulut pada dataset CASME II. Fase pengamatan ekspresi mikro dilakukan dengan menganalisis perbandingan pada fase onset hingga offset (“fullOAO”) dan hanya pada fase onset, apex, dan offset (“OAO”). Ekstraksi fitur dilakukan menggunakan metode sederhana dari local binary patterns histogram (LBPH), yang dapat merepresentasikan fitur lokal pada area wajah. Hasil terbaik dari metode yang diusulkan adalah fase “fullOAO” dengan akurasi 96,8% (menggunakan support vector machine-radial basis function, SVM-RBF) serta rata-rata waktu komputasi sebesar 0,192 ms per frame dan 10,473 ms per video. Pada jenis fase “OAO”, dihasilkan akurasi sebesar 87,7% dengan waktu komputasi 0,159 ms per frame dan 0,576 ms per video. Perbedaan akurasi dan waktu komputasi kedua jenis fase tersebut terjadi karena jumlah frame pada jenis “fullOAO” lebih besar daripada “OAO”, sehingga menghasilkan waktu pemrosesan dan data ekstraksi fitur dalam jumlah yang berbeda. Namun, penurunan akurasi sebesar 9% tidak berpengaruh terlalu besar karena tingkat akurasinya masih tergolong baik, yaitu di atas 80%. Selain itu, pengukuran yang tepat untuk waktu komputasi adalah waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk memproses setiap frame pada video masukan. Maka, dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan metode yang diusulkan, dapat dihasilkan waktu komputasi cepat dan pengenalan yang tergolong akurat.
Teachable Machine: Deteksi Dialek Sumba Timur (Kambera) Menggunakan Layanan Open Source
Authors: Edwin Ariesto Umbu Malahina
Published: December 2023

Studi penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengembangkan sistem deteksi fonetik dialek Kambera dari bahasa lokal Sumba Timur berbasis framework TensorFlow yang akan diimplementasikan pada aplikasi mobile. Sebagai bagian dari inisiatif ini, penelitian ini telah mengompilasikan sebuah dataset representatif dari sampel fonetik dialek Kambera. Tujuan utamanya adalah untuk meningkatkan presisi dalam pengenalan fonetik. Menggunakan dialek Kambera sebagai studi kasus, data diekstraksi dan dilatih menggunakan layanan Teachable Machine berbasis open-source. Penelitian ini mengadopsi pendekatan berbasis convolutional neural network (CNN) yang dikombinasikan dengan metode Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) untuk ekstraksi fitur yang lebih akurat. Setelah proses pengumpulan data, pelatihan model, pengujian, dan implementasi, model diintegrasikan ke dalam platform Android untuk kepentingan publik yang ingin memahami bahasa dialek Kambera dari Sumba Timur. Pengembangan dan pengujian sistem ini dirancang untuk mendeteksi dan menginterpretasikan fonetik bahasa lokal Sumba Timur dengan dialek Kambera, memberikan kontribusi signifikan dalam optimalisasi pengenalan fonetik, serta menyediakan dataset untuk kepentingan penelitian berkelanjutan. Sistem ini juga berfungsi sebagai alat edukasi linguistik yang dapat diakses dan mendukung inklusi serta diversifikasi linguistik dalam teknologi digital. Evaluasi empiris menunjukkan bahwa tingkat presisi deteksi dialek rata-rata secara keseluruhan mencapai 98,3% hingga 99,6%, dengan tingkat kepuasan pengujian kepada pengguna mencapai 99,33%. Hasil ini menegaskan bahwa sistem yang dikembangkan memiliki kapabilitas deteksi yang sangat efisien dan baik.
Input Enhancement on Foreign Language Vocabulary Acquisition: Current Status and Future Prospect
Authors: Cheng Xinrui , He Lin
Published: December 2023

This study reviewed the empirical research on the role of input enhancement on foreign language vocabulary acquisition published in core journals from 2009 to 2023, from which the current status and future trends of the studies were analyzed. The results manifested that (1) the number of input enhancement research demonstrated a trend of a spiral upward development; (2) the studies used different types of input enhancement as independent variable to explore their effects on the acquisition of target vocabulary; (3) the research materials applied in input enhancement were mostly in the reading mode, while lacked investigation in the listening mode. Therefore, future research could further examine the interactive and comparative effects of input enhancement on vocabulary acquisition as well as enhancing vocabulary in the materials with a variety of modes.
Análisis sobre la inclusión constitucional de los pueblos afromexicanos
Authors: Avendaño Villafuerte Elia
Published: December 2023

Se presenta una reflexión sobre la forma en que fueron incluidos los pueblos afromexicanos en el artículo 2o., apartado C, de la Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos; se analiza la adición constitucional a partir de los criterios del principio de igualdad, emitidos en la jurisprudencia de la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación, para inquirir sobre la eficacia de su aplicación a los sujetos de derecho.
Violencia psicológica en las relaciones de pareja en estudiantes universitarios de Quibdó-Chocó
Authors: Montoya Giraldo Elizabeth , Pinillo Gómez Julieth Andrea , Mosquera Sánchez Laura , Raga Murillo Yenifel Andrea , Moya Salina Cindy Paola , Ledesma Pino Yiris Vanessa , Gutiérrez Ibargüen Diany Marcela
Published: December 2023

La violencia psicológica en las relaciones de noviazgo es un método de sometimiento de una persona a otra que se naturaliza al relacionar la violencia con lo físico, ignorando las afectaciones a la salud mental. Por ello, el objetivo principal de este estudio fue describir la violencia psicológica en las relaciones de pareja en estudiantes universitarios jóvenes de la ciudad de Quibdó. Este se desarrolla bajo una metodología cuantitativa mediante la aplicación de Escala de Violencia en las Relaciones de Pareja Adolescentes (CADRI), donde se toman los componentes asociados a la violencia psicológica: violencia relacional, verbal-emocional y la amenaza. La muestra estuvo conformada por 240 estudiantes universitarios, de los cuales 130 corresponden a la Uniclaretiana (universidad privada) y 110 a la Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó Diego Luis Córdoba (universidad pública). Los resultados demuestran que el tipo de violencia que más predomina en los estudiantes universitarios es la violencia verbal-emocional, y las mujeres son las más propensas a ejercerla y a sufrirla en las relaciones de noviazgo. Otro aspecto relevante de los hallazgos es que un porcentaje mayor de violencia sufrida y vivenciada se encontró en estudiantes de la universidad privada, con excepción de la violencia relacional sufrida.
Analysis and Selection of the Optimal Performance Control Method for Solar Cell Dc Converters
Authors: Abdali L. M. , Al-Maliki M. N. , Al Bairmani A. G. , Yakimovich B. A. , Syaktereva V. V. , Kuvshinov V. V.
Published: December 2023

Solar energy is one of the most promising sources of energy to meet the ever-increasing demand for electricity in the world. But due to the low efficiency of solar photovoltaic (PV) cells and the dependence of their performance on environmental conditions, it is necessary to monitor the maximum power point (MPP) of the photovoltaic system. Hence, various maximum power point tracking methods are implemented with photovoltaic systems, but the design of the DC/DC converter is one of the main problems with maximum power point tracking methods. This article compares two different DC/DC converters for solar power conversion. The two converters are a buck converter and a buck-boost converter. The maximum power point tracking algorithm is designed to calculate battery voltage, PV array current, PV array voltage, PV array power, and output power. It has been observed that the buck-boost converter is the best converter for converting solar energy. The two circuits are modeled in MATLAB/Simulink R2021a. By means of the proposed control methods, there is a significant increase in the generation of electrical energy by photovoltaic panels. In the presented work, the information and control system of a low-power solar power plant is investigated. A large amount of converted electrical energy cannot be used by the consumer due to various losses in the photovoltaic system. To improve the efficiency of using the generated electricity, a promising algorithm was developed that is responsible for the operation of the station control unit. As a result, the quality of the solar installation was significantly improved and energy production for the consumer's power supply was increased. The simulation results will give future researchers a clear concept for predicting the behavior of the mentioned converters and designing the most efficient converter specified for solar MPPT.