bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les damnés du nomos de la terre. Carl Schmitt face à Lénine et le scandale de l’internationalisme
Authors: Ajari Norman ,   Canadian Society for Continental Philosophy
Published: April 2021

Cet article retrace les références au léninisme qui traversent la philosophie politique de Carl Schmitt. S’il mobilise plusieurs penseurs marxistes, Lénine est à la fois celui pour lequel il témoigne le plus d’intérêt et celui qu’il condamne le plus radicalement. Admiré pour sa notion de dictature du prolétariat, craint pour sa conception de l’ennemi, c’est finalement son internationalisme radical et sa potentielle adoption par les peuples colonisés qui constituent le scandale de la pensée de Lénine. Ce faisant, la critique de Schmitt révélera une nouvelle signification existentielle du concept marxiste d’internationalisme.
Notes on the earthworm species, Metaphire anomala (Michaelsen, 1907) (Clitellata, Megascolecidae) in Southern Vietnam, with descriptions of two new species
Authors: Nguyen Tung T. , Lam Dang H. , Nguyen Anh D.
Published: April 2021

Integrative taxonomy was employed to exploit the differences between the known Metaphire anomala (Michaelsen, 1907) and other specimens collected in Vietnam. The results brought to light two new species, namely Metaphire iranomala sp. nov. and Metaphire decemtheca sp. nov. The former is easily recognised by having male pores on xix and four pairs of spermathecal pores on 5/6/7/8/9 while the latter is distinguished by having five pairs of spermathecal pores on 4/5/6/7/8/9. The K2P distances of the fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene are 13.1% between M. iranomala sp. nov. and M. anomala (Michaelsen, 1907) and 18% between M. decemtheca sp. nov. and Metaphire grandiverticulata Nguyen & Lam, 2017. The intraspecific divergences are 1.5%–10.6% for M. iranomala sp. nov. and 2.1%–11.4% for M. decemtheca sp. nov.
Relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Gambling in Nevada
Authors: Tucker Winter , Garn Joshua V. , Yang Wei
Published: April 2021

Objectives: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with lasting health and behavioral effects. In this study, we assess the relationship between ACEs and gambling in the state of Nevada. Methods: Using 2018 Nevada Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
(BRFSS) data, we assessed the relationship between ACEs and gambling behavior among 2768 participants. A composite score was used to assess 10 commonly researched ACEs; this continuous score was additionally categorized into 0 ACEs, 1-2 ACEs, 3 or more ACEs. We used weighted logistic regression
to assess the relationship between ACEs scores and frequency of gambling. Results: Approximately 9% of study participants reported frequently gambling (one or more times a month). There was a positive association between the continuous ACEs score and frequently gambling in the fully
adjusted model (p = .026). The odds of frequently gambling was 69% higher among those exposed to ≥ 3 ACEs compared to those who had no ACEs exposure (adjusted OR = 1.69; 95% CI 1.00-2.84; p = .048). Conclusions: The results show a relationship between ACEs and gambling in Nevada.
This research contributes to the existing understanding of ACEs and their impact.
Moderation by Neighborhood Food Outlets on Relationships between Meal Sources and Diet
Authors: Thomson Jessica L. , Landry Alicia S. , Walls Tameka I. , Goodman Melissa H.
Published: April 2021

Objectives: In this study, we tested for moderation by neighborhood food outlet presence on relationships between food outlet shopping or meal sources and dietary intake. Methods: We used generalized linear models to analyze parent-adolescent (12-17 years) dyad data from
the 2014 Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health and Eating. Questions included food outlet presence in home (parent) and school (adolescent) neighborhoods (yes or no), shopping at food outlets (parent) (never, rarely, sometimes, often or always), and sources of food consumed away from and at home
(weekly frequency). We captured food and beverage intakes via a dietary screener. Results: Relationships between adolescent added sugar intake and scratch cooked evening meals and meals away from home were found only when grocery stores and fast food restaurants, respectively, were
present in adolescents' school neighborhoods. Shopping at fruit and vegetable (FV) markets and scratch cooked evening meals were associated with the largest increases in parent and adolescent FV intakes, respectively. Meals away from home at convenience stores were associated with the largest
increases in parent and adolescent intakes of added sugars. Conclusions: Neighborhood grocery store and fast food restaurant presence moderated relationships between meal sources and dietary intake only in adolescents.
La formación en igualdad de género en los grados de educación primaria
Authors: Resa Ocio Ainhoa
Published: April 2021

El artículo a continuación versa sobre la necesidad de adquirir una perspectiva de género para alcanzar la igualdad real en la escuela. La legislación respalda la igualdad de género como un principio de la educación. A fin de comprobar si la formación inicial del profesorado es adecuada a este respecto, se realiza un análisis de los planes de estudios de los grados de Educación Primaria desde una óptica de género. Para ello, se realiza una aproximación cualitativa basada en el análisis en profundidad del contenido de 72 guías docentes de los grados de Educación Primaria de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid y de entrevistas realizadas al profesorado. Los resultados muestran cómo la formación inicial del profesorado de los grados de Educación Primaria continúa girando en torno a una visión androcéntrica de la educación, mantiene un lenguaje sexista, un currículum en el que se invisibiliza a las mujeres que no se ajusta a la legislación vigente y no garantiza que las futuras generaciones sean educadas en igualdad. Se abre así la posibilidad de explorar la formación en igualdad de género a un nivel más amplio y la investigación sobre la aplicación efectiva de la coeducación en el sistema educativo español.

The article above deals with the need to acquire a gender perspective so as to achieve true equality in a school setting. This legislation backs gender equality as a principle of education. In order to confirm if the initial teacher training is adequate in this respect, an analysis of the curricula of the education degrees is conducted with a gender viewpoint. For this purpose, a qualitative approximation based on the analysis of content from 72 teaching guides and interviews with university teachers was carried out. The results show how teacher training in Primary Education degrees still revolves around an androcentric view of education, this has not adjusted to current legislation. Therefore, this does not guarantee that future generations are correctly educated in equality. This opens the possibility of exploring gender equality training at a broader level and research on the effective application of coeducation in the Spanish educational system.
Tutoría académica universitaria apoyada mediante WhatsApp: conocer sus ventajas y salvar sus desventajas
Authors: Suárez Lantarón Belén , Castillo Reche Irina S. , López Medialdea Ana María
Published: April 2021

El presente artículo describe un proyecto de investigación e innovación docente que tiene como objetivo valorar el efecto del uso de la aplicación WhatsApp para el seguimiento y tutoría académica de los estudiantes universitarios de la Facultad de Educación de Murcia y de Extremadura. Los datos fueron recogidos a través de dos cuestionarios cumplimentados por los estudiantes antes y después del desarrollo de las asignaturas y aplicación del proyecto, un grupo de discusión con los docentes y el análisis del contenido de los mensajes enviados a través de la aplicación. Se analizaron los resultados obtenidos teniendo en cuenta la utilización y el  uso de la aplicación, la satisfacción de los participantes y las ventajas e inconvenientes descritos. Los resultados muestran que se realiza un uso adecuado de la aplicación, se utiliza más que la tutoría convencional, se potencian sus ventajas y se debilitan sus inconvenientes y tanto las docentes como los estudiantes muestran altos niveles de satisfacción. Por tanto, podemos concluir que estamos ante una herramienta con un alto potencial para el apoyo a la tutoría académica.

This paper describes a teaching research and innovation project whose aim is to assess the effect of using the WhatsApp application for monitoring and academic tutoring of university students of the Faculty of Education of Murcia and Extremadura. The data were collected through two questionnaires filled out by the students before and after the development of the subjects and application of the project, a discussion group with the teachers and the analysis of the content of the messages sent through the application. The results obtained were analyzed taking into account the use and use of the application, the satisfaction of the participants and the advantages and disadvantages described. The results show that proper use of the application is made, more than conventional tutoring, its advantages are enhanced and its disadvantages are weakened and both teachers and students show high levels of satisfaction. Therefore, we can conclude that we are facing a tool with a high potential for supporting academic tutoring.
Capacidad aeróbica en escolares de Educación Primaria determinada mediante el test Course Navette: una revisión sistemática
Authors: López-Gil José Francisco , De Camargo Edina María , Yuste Lucas Juan Luis
Published: April 2021

La capacidad aeróbica ha sido ampliamente estudiada a lo largo de los años, debido a su relación con la condición física, el rendimiento deportivo y la salud. Para la evaluación de la misma, un instrumento ampliamente utilizado es el test Course Navette, quecalcula de manera indirecta el consumo máximo de oxígeno. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer el panorama actual del nivel de capacidad aeróbica en escolares de Educación Primaria, determinado a través del test Course Navette. Se realizó una revisión sistemática sobre estudios transversales llevados a cabo en todo el mundo, que evaluaron mediante el test Course Navette la capacidad aeróbica en escolares de Educación Primaria. En total, 19 estudios fueron incluidos en la revisión. La mayoría de los estudios muestran que los niños y niñas de primaria de diferentes países tienen una capacidad cardiorrespiratoria considerada como saludable. No obstante, las medias encontradas no son lo suficientemente eminentes, donde la volatilidad entre participantes resulta elevada. Por ello, es necesario mejorar los niveles de capacidad física en escolares, como un factor de importancia capital para el mantenimiento y optimización de la salud; especialmente, entre aquellos que se encuentran por debajo de los umbrales definidos para el riesgo cardiovascular.

Aerobic capacity has been extensively studied over the years because of its relationship to fitness, sports performance, and health. For its evaluation, a widely used instrument is the Course Navette test, which indirectly calculates the maximum oxygen consumption. The objective of this study was to know the current panorama of the level of aerobic capacity in primary school children, determined through the Course Navette test. A systematic review was carried out on transversal studies carried out all over the world, which evaluated aerobic capacity in primary school children by means of the Course Navette test. A total of 19 studies were included in the review. Most studies show that primary school children in different countries have a cardiorespiratory capacity that is not considered a health risk. However, the averages found are not eminent enough, where volatility among participants is high. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the levels of physical capacity in schoolchildren, as a factor of capital importance for the maintenance and optimization of health, especially among those who are below the thresholds defined for cardiovascular risk.
Identificación del pensamiento crítico en estudiantes universitarios de segundo semestre de la Corporación Universitaria del Caribe (CECAR)
Authors: García Medina María Angélica , Acosta Meza David , Atencia Andrade Asdrúbal , Rodríguez Sandoval Marco
Published: April 2021

La investigación tiene como objetivo determinar el pensamiento crítico en estudiantes universitarios de segundo semestre de la Corporación Universitaria del Caribe CECAR. Se realizó una aproximación teórica sobre el constructo pensamiento crítico y como este es valorado por diversos autores. La investigación es de corte cuantitativo-descriptivo, conuestra intencional de 100 estudiantes pertenecientes a los programas de Ciencias del Deporte, Ingenierías y Licenciatura en Lingüística y Literatura. Se utiliza el test Evaluación del Pensamiento Crítico Contextualizado (EP-2C) propuesto por Carrasco (2018) que consta de cinco variables y 26 reactivos diseñados para medir las variables de estudio: análisis, interpretación, evaluación, inferencia y explicación. Los resultados arrojan que los estudiantes están en el nivel de PC mediamente logrado en el cual son capaces de argumentar acercándose levemente a la respuesta esperada. Esto indica que se deben diseñar estrategias en ambientes enriquecidos y secuencias didácticas que propendan por el fortalecimiento de las variables estudiadas.  

The research aims to determine critical thinking in second semester university students of the Caribbean University Corporation (CECAR). A theoretical approach was made to the critical thinking construct and how various authors value it. The research is quantitative and descriptive, with an intentional sample of 100 students belonging to the programs of Sports Sciences, Engineering and Linguistics and Literature. The test Evaluation of Critical Contextualized Thinking (EP-2C) proposed by Carrasco (2018) is used. It consists of five variables and 26 reagents designed to measure the study variables: analysis, interpretation, evaluation, inference and explanation. The results show that the students are at the medium level of CP in which they are able to argue by getting slightly closer to the expected response. This indicates that strategies should be designed in enriched environments and didactic sequences that tend to strengthen the variables studied.
Educación patrimonial para una ciudadanía participativa. Evaluación de resultados de aprendizaje del alumnado en el programa Patrimonializarte
Authors: Castro-Calviño Leticia , Rodríguez-Medina Jairo , López-Facal Ramón
Published: April 2021

Se aborda la evaluación de programas de educación patrimonial, una materia pendiente en España. A partir de la implementación del programa Patrimonializarte y con el fin de valorar su eficacia, eficiencia y efectividad, se realiza la evaluación inicial, formativa y sumativa atendiendo a los resultados de aprendizaje de los 111 alumnos/as participantes. Se sigue un modelo de planificación y acción basado en el diseño y evaluación del programa que incorpora el trabajo sobre el patrimonio local y el uso de las TIC. Se analiza también la valoración del alumnado sobre la metodología utilizada. Se parte de la complementariedad metodológica basándose en el estudio múltiple de casos (6 grupos de 2 centros educativos en Galicia, España). Los principales resultados muestran: a) un importante impacto en la conciencia de conservación en el alumnado de educación infantil b) una creciente preocupación por el patrimonio intangible en educación primaria c) la importancia de la difusión para educación secundaria. El programa se considera pertinente, pues los alumnos/as han adquirido aprendizajes significativos para convertirse en ciudadanos que intervienen en el patrimonio de manera sostenible.

This paper examines the evaluation of heritage education programmes, a pending challenge in Spain. With the aim of evaluating the usefulness, efficiency and effectiveness of the Patrimonializarte programme, initial, formative and summative evaluations have been carried out with regard to the learning outcomes of the 111 pupils who participated in the programme. A planning and action model is followed based on the design and evaluation of the programme, which incorporates work on local heritage and the use of ICT resources. The evaluation made by the students of the methodology employed is also analysed. Methodological complementarity is assumed based on the study of multiple cases (6 groups from two schools in Galicia, Spain). The main results show: a) a significant impact on the awareness of conservation in early years pupils; b) a growing concern for intangible heritage in primary education; c) the importance of dissemination for secondary education. The programme is considered relevant due to the fact that the pupils have acquired significant learning with regard to becoming citizens who intervene in heritage in a sustainable way.
Indagación narrativa y construcción de identidades docentes: la reflexión pedagógica como herramienta de formación docente
Authors: Marin Suelves Diana , Pardo Baldoví M. Isabel , Vidal Esteve Mª Isabel , San Martín Alonso Ángel
Published: April 2021

La sociedad contemporánea plantea múltiples desafíos a los profesionales de la educación. En este escenario, la formación se convierte en un elemento trascendental para analizar críticamente la realidad y emprender acciones para mejorarla. Partiendo de este objetivo, se aborda una experiencia de investigación desarrollada en la formación inicial de docentes, dirigida a propiciar una actitud de vigilancia epistemológica que facilite la comprensión de las transformaciones educativas, para diseñar procesos optimizadores de la práctica. En la experiencia participan un total de 38 alumnos del Grado de Maestro/a de la Universitat de València junto a dos profesoras, en el marco de la asignatura de Didáctica General. La asignatura se vertebra en torno al estudio y análisis de textos y la realización de seminarios y tertulias que permiten repensar la tarea educativa y el papel del profesorado en la escuela actual, visibilizando los retos de ejercer la docencia en tiempos de crisis. A partir de la indagación narrativa el alumnado construye relatos que se convierten en herramienta de investigación educativa, de comprensión y aprendizaje. Mediante el análisis crítico del discurso se exploran las concepciones y visiones del alumnado participante, incidiendo en la construcción de identidades docentes y saberes reflexivos.
Simplified Method of Modelling Behaviour of Ship in Waves with Partially Flooded Compartments
Authors: Szulczewski Peter
Published: April 2021

This paper contains a description of a numerical model for calculating behaviour of ships in waves. There are many models available, but the one described here can be characterised with a set of parameters that have a decisive impact on the final values of roll motion amplitude and frequency. In this paper, it is shown how a fitting of a standard-shape hull characterised by certain readily available parameters affects the final roll and frequency of the motion. In addition, calculations for a flooded tank were made, and a range of results for the maximum dynamic heeling forces from this tank is shown. This calculation can further be verified for a range of hull dimensions and geometries to present a viable method to the industry.
Comparative Analysis of Two Seaports in the Baltic-Adriatic Corridor
Authors: Zanne Marina , Borkowski Przemysław
Published: April 2021

Ports are complex systems that have an essential role in the transportation of freight and indisputable importance for economies worldwide. Port operation requires many resources, and their performance depends on various factors.
This paper focuses on the Port of Koper in the Adriatic Sea, and the Port of Gdansk in the Baltic Sea. Two ports located in two very different countries, yet with similar recent history, are connected by the Baltic-Adriatic corridor.
The authors have compared the recent development of these ports through the analysis of five elements, and determined that better strategic measures have been taken in the Port of Gdansk, resulting in the faster development of the port and the opportunity to further improve its performance by strengthening its position on the Central European markets. Koper could learn how to further stabilize its position in the North Adriatic region from the model employed by the Port of Gdansk. Reorganization is required to make Koper more competitive and capable of attracting fresh money. Also, the state should be much more supportive of the Port of Koper.
How Delivery of Goods without Tendering of Bill of Lading Can Discharge Liability of Maritime Carrier
Authors: Al-Daboubi Derar
Published: April 2021

This paper tends to clarify implications of delivery of goods performed by a maritime carrier to a consignee at the place of destination; particularly, a delivery made without receiving the original bill of lading in exchange for the goods delivered to the consignee. In spite of the importance of such delivery, none of the related international conventions has addressed the implications of such a delivery for the liability of the maritime carrier. This gap has given rise to inconsistency between the approaches adopted by various jurisdictions worldwide, and such a divergence will contradict the fundamental international principle of unifying the international maritime rules. Hence, the study is discussing the area of ambiguity under both the English and the Qatari law to reach some suggestions that could be adopted under both jurisdictions to clarify the legal position of maritime carriers as well as to protect them from liability arising under this delivery.
A UML 2.0 Activity Diagrams/CSP Integrated Approach for Modeling and Verification of Software Systems
Authors: Elmansouri Raida , Meghzili Said , Chaoui Allaoua
Published: April 2021

This paper proposes an approach integrating UML 2.0 Activity Diagrams (UML2-AD) and Communicating Sequential Process (CSP) for modeling and verication of software systems. A UML2-AD is used for modeling a software system while CSP is used for verication purposes. The proposed approach consists of another way of transforming UML2-AD models to Communicating Sequential Process (CSP) models. It focuses also on checking the correctness of some properties of the transformation itself. These properties are specified using Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) and verified using the GROOVE model checker. This approach is based on Model Driven Engineering (MDE). The meta-modelling is realized using AToMPM tool while the model transformation and the correctness of its properties are realized using GROOVE tool. Finally, we illustrated this approach through a case study.
SARED: A Self-Adaptive Active Queue Management Scheme for Improving Quality of Service in Network Systems
Authors: Adamu Aminu
Published: April 2021

Considering the phenomenal growth of network systems, congestion remains a threat to the quality of service provided in such systems, hence, research on congestion control is still relevant. Internet research community regards Active Queue Management (AQM) as an effective approach to address congestion in network systems. Most of the existing AQM schemes possess static drop patterns and lack self-adaptation mechanism, as such don’t work well for networks where traffic load fluctuates. This paper proposes Self-Adaptive Random Early Detection (SARED) scheme which smartly adapts its drop pattern based on current network’s traffic load in order to maintain better and stable performance. In light to moderate load conditions, SARED operates in nonlinear modes in order to maximize utilization and throughput, while in high load condition, it switches to linear mode in order to avoid forced drops and congestion. Experiments conducted have revealed that regardless of traffic load’s condition, SARED provides optimal performance.
Chemosensitivity and role of swimming legs of mud crab,Scylla paramamosain,in feeding activity as determined by electrocardiographic and behavioural observations
Authors: Kawamura Gunzo , Loke Chi Keong , Lim Leong Seng , Yong Annita Seok Kian , Mustafa Saleem
Published: April 2021

Swimming crabs have a characteristic fifth pair of legs that are flattened into paddles for swimming purposes. The dactyl of these legs bears a thick seta along its edge. The chemoreceptive and feeding properties of the seta are supported with scientific evidence; however, there is no available data on the sensitivity of the setae in portunid crabs. The underlying mechanisms of the chemo- and mechano-sensitivity of appendages and their involvement in feeding activities of the mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) were investigated using electrocardiography and behavioural assay, which focused on the responses of the mud crab to chemical and touch stimulus. Electrocardiography revealed the sensory properties of the appendages. The dactyls of swimming legs and the antennules were chemosensitive, but not mechanosensitive and vice versa for the antennae. However, the mouthparts, claws, and walking legs were chemo- and mechanosensitive. Only the chemosensitive appendages, including the swimming legs, were directly involved in feeding. The flattened dactyls of the swimming legs were more efficient than the pointed dactyls of the walking legs in detecting the food organism crawling on the substrate. The structural features enhanced the capacity of the crab in coming into contact with scattered food items. This study revealed that the swimming legs are important appendages for feeding in the mud crab.
МУЧЕНИК СТЕФАН, БОГАТЫЙ СВЯТОЙ: (ИЗ ИСТОРИИ ЛИМОЖСКОГО СОБОРНОГО КАПИТУЛА В IX–XII ВЕКАХ), "Средние века"
Authors: Королев А.А.
Published: April 2021

Статья посвящена характерному для западноевропейского Средневековья явлению – использованию образа святого-покровителя в качестве «юридического лица». Святого представляли как обладателя имущественных и других прав, которыми на деле пользовалась церковная община. Чаще всего образ «святого-собственника» фигурировал в дарственных грамотах (как получатель дарения). В статье сделана попытка продемонстрировать на примере лиможского соборного капитула, как использование образа святого (в данном случае – мученика Стефана, которому был посвящен кафедральный собор) помогало реализовать имущественные права общины, формально такими правами не обладавшей. Документы, сохранившиеся в соборном картулярии, позволяют проследить развитие представлений о правах соборного капитула. В каролингских документах юридические права принадлежат «Лиможскому престолу» или «Лиможской церкви», т.е. локальной церковной организации во главе с епископом, обладающей единым штатом служителей и общим патримонием. В частных актах X–XI вв. руководящая роль епископа упоминается все реже, а получателем дарений и владельцем церковного имущества обычно именуется св. Стефан. Со временем в качестве равноправных участников сделок начинают упоминаться каноники (как группа лиц, а не община). Право каноников на доходы от подаренного имущества постепенно сменяется владельческими правами (для их обозначения используются разные термины). Несмотря на терминологию частноправовых актов, существование общины каноников так и не было формализовано, о чем свидетельствует папская привилегия 1105 г.: в ней подтверждаются владельческие права «Лиможской церкви», а каноники упомянуты только как группа церковных должностных лиц в подчинении у епископа. Важно, что каноники не стремились к обособлению от епископа и признавали его главенство. Этому во многом способствовали специфические местные условия, в том числе конкуренция с могущественным бенедиктинским аббатством св. Марциала. Прикрываясь образом св. Стефана, соборная община получила возможность обладать и распоряжаться имуществом, не претендуя при этом на формальную автономию.
ГРЕКО-АНГЛИЙСКИЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ В КОНТЕКСТЕ АНТИОСМАНСКОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ В XV ВЕКЕ, "Средние века"
Authors: Рязанов П.А. , Лошкарева М.Е.
Published: April 2021

В статье рассматривается проблема греко-английских взаимоотношений в XV в., обусловленных турецкими завоеваниями и гибелью империи ромеев. Палеологовские дипломаты пытались вовлечь в борьбу с османами даже тех правителей, которые не имели оснований опасаться турецкого оружия. В ходе переговоров с ними акцент делался на избавлении христианства от его попрания иноверцами. В начале XV в. византийский император Мануил II посетил Англию в надежде получить военную помощь. Однако переговоры происходили в неблагоприятное для королевства время. Война в Шотландии, крупнейшее восстание в Уэльсе и проблемы в Ирландии стали причиной того, что король ограничился предоставлением императору денежных субсидий. Несмотря на то, что вопрос спасения христиан Востока находился на периферии английской политики, духовные и светские власти королевства все же откликались на призывы Святого Престола. В Англии периодически проводились компании по сбору средств для крестовых походов, а после падения Константинополя греческие беженцы прибывали в королевство за деньгами на выкуп пленников. Таким образом, в XV в. крестоносная идея поддерживалась в Англии преимущественно финансовыми ресурсами.
Управление водными ресурсами Байкала и Ангары: противоречия законодательства, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: Никитин В. М.
Published: April 2021

Впериод 2014–2017 гг. в бассейнах озера Байкал и Ангары наблюдалось экстремальное маловодье, сопровождавшееся негативными последствиями. В связи с длительным периодом низких уровней воды ухудшились санитарно-гигиенические условия, водоснабжение населённых пунктов, находящихся в береговой зоне водохранилищ и озера Байкал, состояние экосистемы. Проблемы возникли практически у всех участников водохозяйственного комплекса (ВХК): водного транспорта, электроэнергетики, промышленного и коммунального водоснабжения, рыбного хозяйства, других водопользователей. В последние два года ситуация в целом стабилизировалась. В этот период притоки воды в озеро Байкал и водохранилища Ангарского каскада ГЭС соответствовали нормальным (среднемноголетним) значениям. К сожалению, невозможно предсказать, как долго продлится период нормальной водности. В условиях глобального и регионального изменения климата, ранее наблюдавшиеся закономерности не работают. Поэтому в ближайшей перспективе может вновь наступить маловодье или, наоборот, многоводный период с неизбежными ущербами в обоих случаях. Необходимо ответить на вопросы: как могли появиться подобные проблемы в одном из наиболее обеспеченных водными ресурсами регионов, в котором находится крупнейший в России Ангаро-Енисейский каскад ГЭС с уникальными водохранилищами многолетнего регулирования – Иркутским (оз. Байкал) и Братским, суммарным полезным объёмом 96 км (соответствует среднему годовому притоку реки Ангара) и величиной безвозвратного водопотребления менее 1% от поступающего стока В чём причина негативных последствий В статье рассматриваются причины и исходные предпосылки сложившейся ситуации, а также возможные меры снижения будущих ущербов при наступлении экстремальных условий водности.
3D Printed Bioelectronic Microwells
Authors: Katseli Vassiliki , Angelopoulou Michailia , Kokkinos Christos
Published: April 2021

The in‐house and on‐demand fabrication of electrochemical integrated biosensors is a great challenge, especially in the field of modern point‐of‐care diagnostics. 3D printing technology allows the production of specialized electronic devices adapted to the required conditions, and 3D printed thermoplastic electrodes have shown hopeful achievements mainly in enzymatic bioassays. This work describes a novel configuration of integrated all‐3D‐printed electrochemical microtitration wells (e‐wells) for direct quantum dot‐based (QDs) and enzymatic bioassays. The e‐wells enable the in situ development of complete bioassays, that is, from sample addition to biomarker detection, without the need for external equipment other than a micropipette and a detector. The bioanalytical capability of the 3D e‐wells is demonstrated through the voltammetric bioassay of C‐reactive protein employing biotinylated reporter antibody and streptavidin‐conjugated CdSe/ZnS QDs. In addition, in order to extend their scope to enzymatic biosensing, e‐wells are applied to the amperometric determination of hydrogen peroxide by‐products, demonstrating their universal applicability in electrochemical bioassays.
Random Nanofracture‐Enabled Physical Unclonable Function
Authors: Zhang Taiping , Shu Zhiwen , Zhang Lijun , Chen Yiqin , Feng Zhanyong , Hu Yueqiang , Huang Feng , Wang Pidong , Li Dong , Yao Yao , Sun Song , Duan Huigao
Published: April 2021

Physical unclonable function (PUF) is promising for anticounterfeiting and security applications. In this paper, a PUF concept is demonstrated based on the stochastic generation of nanodot matrix via mechanical stripping of a gold film kirigami with arrayed nanoscale split‐ring cuts. The random occurrence of nanofracture of metallic nanoconnection at split‐ring parts results in unpredictable remaining (labeled as “1”) or peeling‐off (labeled as “0”) of nanodots in each unit and thus generates a unclonable binary matrix. The highest randomness, i.e., 50% nanodots remaining in binary matrix, can be achieved by tuning the width of nanoconnection. Mechanical modeling reveals that the PUF can be caused by fracture‐related variations such as the effective strength of the metallic nanoconnection and nanoscale adhesion. A quick response code (QR) can be retrieved for analysis from the dark field photograph of generated nanodot matrix based on the nanofacture‐enabled PUF using in‐house developed solver, demonstrating excellent unclonability, repeatability, and uniformity. The encoding capacity of our PUFs can be conveniently scaled up or down depending on the demands of applications, which can be beneficial to advanced authentication and identification systems with high security.
Comparing the willingness to pay through three elicitation mechanisms: An experimental evidence for organic egg product
Authors: Dinc‐Cavlak Ozge , Ozdemir Ozlem
Published: April 2021

This study is the first attempt to elicit individual willingness to pay (WTP) for varying attributes of a specific food product, the organic egg, using three elicitation methods, namely, a real choice experiment (RCE), the Becker–DeGroot–Marschak (BDM) mechanism, and a RCE by using the BDM mechanism (RCE‐BDM). The experimental setting allows for a comparison of these three methods. The mixed logit models in WTP space for the choice data and the random‐effects Tobit model for the BDM data are used for the analyses. The results show that the individuals' WTP varies across elicitation methods. More specifically, the WTP of the RCE is lower than the WTP of the BDM experiment, and mixed results have been found while comparing the WTP of the RCE‐BDM experiment and WTP of the BDM experiment. Lastly, individuals are willing to pay a premium for health, environment‐friendly, and animal welfare attributes for all three elicitation methods: the health attribute's premium having the highest value followed by those of animal welfare and environment‐ friendliness. The results have not changed with information treatment indicating robustness of the findings. [EconLit Citations: C91, C35, D12].
Hydrogen Atom Transfer from HOO. to ortho‐Quinones Explains the Antioxidant Activity of Polydopamine
Authors: Guo Yafang , Baschieri Andrea , Mollica Fabio , Valgimigli Luca , Cedrowski Jakub , Litwinienko Grzegorz , Amorati Riccardo
Published: April 2021

Melanins are stable and non‐toxic biomaterials with a great potential as chemopreventive agents for diseases connected with oxidative stress, but the mechanism of their antioxidant action is unclear. Herein, we show that polydopamine (PDA), a well‐known synthetic melanin, becomes an excellent trap for alkylperoxyl radicals (ROO., typically formed during autoxidation of lipid substrates) in the presence of hydroperoxyl radicals (HOO.). The key reaction explaining this peculiar antioxidant activity is the reduction of the ortho‐quinone moieties present in PDA by the reaction with HOO.. This reaction occurs via a H‐atom transfer mechanism, as demonstrated by the large kinetic solvent effect of the reaction of a model quinone (3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐1,2‐benzoquinone) with HOO. (k=1.5×107 and 1.1×105 M−1 s−1 in PhCl and MeCN). The chemistry disclosed herein is an important step to rationalize the redox‐mediated bioactivity of melanins and of quinones.
Highly Efficient Electro‐reforming of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural on Vertically Oriented Nickel Nanosheet/Carbon Hybrid Catalysts: Structure–Function Relationships
Authors: Lu Xingyu , Wu Kuang‐Hsu , Zhang Bingsen , Chen Junnan , Li Fan , Su Bing‐Jian , Yan Pengqiang , Chen Jin‐Ming , Qi Wei
Published: April 2021

Ni‐promoted electrocatalytic biomass reforming has shown promising prospect in enabling high value‐added product synthesis. Here, we developed a novel hybrid catalyst with Ni nanosheet forests anchored on carbon paper. The hybrid catalyst exhibits high efficiency in electrooxidation of HMF to FDCA coupling with H2 production in high purity. The Ni nanosheets have small crystal grain sizes with abundant edges, which is able to deliver an efficient HMF oxidation to FDCA (selectivity >99 %) at low potential of 1.36 VRHE with high stability. The post‐reaction structure analysis reveals the Ni nanosheets would transfer electrons to carbon and readily turn into NiOx and Ni(OH)x during the reaction. DFT results suggest high valence Ni species would facilitate the chemical adsorption (activation) of HMF revealing the reaction pathway. This work emphasizes the importance of the precise control of Ni activity via atomic structure engineering.
Atomically Precise Gold Nanoclusters as Model Catalysts for Identifying Active Sites for Electroreduction of CO2
Authors: Seong Hoeun , Efremov Vladimir , Park Gibeom , Kim Hyunwoo , Yoo Jong Suk , Lee Dongil
Published: April 2021

Accurate identification of active sites is critical for elucidating catalytic reaction mechanisms and developing highly efficient and selective electrocatalysts. Herein, we report the atomic‐level identification of active sites using atomically well‐defined gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) Au25, Au38, and Au144 as model catalysts in the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). The studied Au NCs exhibited remarkably high CO2RR activity, which increased with increasing NC size. Electrochemical and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses revealed that the Au NCs were activated by removing one thiolate group from each staple motif at the beginning of CO2RR. In addition, density functional theory calculations revealed higher charge densities and upshifts of d‐states for dethiolated Au sites. The structure–activity properties of the studied Au NCs confirmed that dethiolated Au sites were the active sites and that CO2RR activity was determined by the number of active sites on the cluster surface.
Integration of a Nucleoside Triphosphate Regeneration System in the One‐pot Synthesis of UDP‐sugars and Hyaluronic Acid
Authors: Gottschalk Johannes , Blaschke Lea , Aßmann Miriam , Kuballa Jürgen , Elling Lothar
Published: April 2021

Enzymatic synthesis is a promising approach to produce hyaluronic acid (HA) products with defined molecular weight (MW) and dispersity. We here report on the evaluation of nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) regeneration system for the synthesis of the precursors uridine‐5'‐diphosphate α‐d‐N‐acetylglucosamine (UDP‐GlcNAc) and uridine‐5'‐diphosphate α‐d‐glucuronic acid (UDP‐GlcA) and integration in the one‐pot synthesis of HA. By integration of polyphosphate kinase from Ruegeria pomeroyi (RpPPK2‐3) into the enzyme cascade to synthesize UDP‐GlcA we reached 89 % yield after 1 h with a regeneration cycle number (RCN) of 17. With the UDP‐GlcNAc cascade, the ATP concentration was lowered 250‐fold and reached 94 % yield after 1 h with an RCN of 234. Integration of the RpPPK2‐3 regeneration system in one‐pot HA synthesis afforded optimization of MgCl2 and ATP starting concentrations. With 25 mM MgCl2 and 0.1 mM ATP, a HA concentration of 0.81 g L−1 with an average MW of 1.17 MDa and dispersity of about 1.08 and an RCN of 75 was obtained. We conclude that integration of NTP regeneration with RpPPK2‐3 expanded the enzymatic possibilities to produce HA with lower range MW.
Spatially Resolved Electron Transport through Anode‐Respiring Geobacter sulfurreducens Biofilms: Controls and Constraints
Authors: He Xiaojia , Chadwick Grayson , Jiménez Otero Fernanda , Orphan Victoria , Meile Christof
Published: April 2021

Invited for this month's cover picture is the group of Prof. Christof Meile at the University of Georgia, USA and Prof. Victoria Orphan at the California Institute of Technology, USA. The Front Cover shows characteristic images of G. sulfurreducens biofilms on the anode surface (gray), the distribution of anabolic activity (yellow=high, blue=low), and the equation central to the description of electron transfer and simulated activity profiles. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.202100111.
Selectivity in the Ligand Functionalization of Photocatalytic Metal Oxide Nanoparticles for Phase Transfer and Self‐Assembly Applications
Authors: Borah Rituraj , Ninakanti Rajeshreddy , Nuyts Gert , Peeters Hannelore , Pedrazo‐Tardajos Adrián , Nuti Silvia , Vande Velde Christophe , De Wael Karolien , Lenaerts Silvia , Bals Sara , Verbruggen Sammy W.
Published: April 2021

The functionalization of photocatalytic metal oxide nanoparticles of TiO2, ZnO, WO3 and CuO with amine‐terminated (oleylamine) and thiol‐terminated (dodecane‐1‐thiol) alkyl‐chain ligands was studied under ambient conditions. A high selectivity was observed in the binding specificity of a ligand towards nanoparticles of these different oxides. It was observed that oleylamine binds stably to only TiO2 and WO3, whereas dodecane‐1‐thiol binds stably only to ZnO and CuO. Similarly, polar‐to‐nonpolar solvent phase transfer of TiO2 and WO3 nanoparticles could be achieved by using oleylamine, but not dodecane‐1‐thiol, whereas the opposite holds for ZnO and CuO. The surface chemistry of ligand‐functionalized nanoparticles was probed by attenuated total reflectance (ATR)‐FTIR spectroscopy, which enabled the occupation of the ligands at the active sites to be elucidated. The photostability of the ligands on the nanoparticle surface was determined by the photocatalytic self‐cleaning properties of the material. Although TiO2 and WO3 degrade the ligands within 24 h under both UV and visible light, ligands on ZnO and CuO remain unaffected. The gathered insights are also highly relevant from an application point of view. As an example, because the ligand‐functionalized nanoparticles are hydrophobic in nature, they can be self‐assembled at the air‐water interface to give nanoparticle films with demonstrated photocatalytic as well as anti‐fogging properties.
Copper(II) Pyridyl Aminophenolates: Hypoxia‐Selective, Nucleus‐Targeting Cytotoxins, and Magnetic Resonance Probes
Authors: Prosser Kathleen E. , Xie Da , Chu Annica , MacNeil Gregory A. , Varju Bryton R. , Kadakia Rahul T. , Que Emily L. , Walsby Charles J.
Published: April 2021

Targeting the low‐oxygen (hypoxic) environments found in many tumours by using redox‐active metal complexes is a strategy that can enhance efficacy and reduce the side effects of chemotherapies. We have developed a series of CuII complexes with tridentate pyridine aminophenolate‐based ligands for preferential activation in the reduction window provided by hypoxic tissues. Furthermore, ligand functionalization with a pendant CF3 group provides a 19F spectroscopic handle for magnetic‐resonance studies of redox processes at the metal centre and behaviour in cellular environments. The phenol group in the ligand backbone was substituted at the para position with H, Cl, and NO2 to modulate the reduction potential of the CuII centre, giving a range of values below the window expected for hypoxic tissues. The NO2‐substituted complex, which has the highest reduction potential, showed enhanced cytotoxic selectivity towards HeLa cells grown under hypoxic conditions. Cell death occurs by apoptosis, as determined by analysis of the cell morphology. A combination of 19F NMR and ICP‐OES indicates localization of the NO2 complex in HeLa cell nuclei and increased cellular accumulation under hypoxia. This correlates with DNA nuclease activity being the likely origin of cytotoxic activity, as demonstrated by cleavage of DNA plasmids in the presence of the CuII nitro complex and a reducing agent. Selective detection of the paramagnetic CuII complexes and their diamagnetic ligands by 19F MRI suggests hypoxia‐targeting theranostic applications by redox activation.
In‐Situ Synthesis of N, O, P‐Doped Hierarchical Porous Carbon from Poly‐bis(phenoxy)phosphazene for Polysulfide‐Trapping Interlayer in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Qiu Munan , Fu Xuewei , Yang Fan , Qi Shengli , Wu Zhanpeng , Zhong Wei‐Hong
Published: April 2021

The shuttling of polysulfides is the most detrimental contribution to degrading the capacity and cycle stability of lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries. Adding a carbon interlayer to prevent the polysulfides from migrating is feasible, and a rational design of the structures and surface properties of the carbon layer is essential to increasing its effectiveness. Herein, we report a hierarchical porous carbon (HPC) created by carbonization of bis(phenoxy)phosphazene and in‐situ doping of triple heteroatoms into the carbon lattice to fabricate an effective polysulfide‐trapping interlayer. The generated carbon integrates the advantages of a hierarchical porous structure, a high specific area and rich dopants (N, O and P), to yield chemisorption and physical confinement for polysulfides and fast ion‐transport synergistically. The HPC interlayer significantly improves the electrochemical performance of Li−S batteries, including an exceptional discharge capacity of 1509 mA h/g at 0.06 C and a high capacity retention of 83.7 % after 250 cycles at 0.3 C. This work thus proposes a facile in‐situ synthesis of heteroatom‐doped carbon with rational porous structures for suppressing the shuttle effect.
Axial Ligand Coordination Tuning of the Electrocatalytic Activity of Iron Porphyrin Electrografted onto Carbon Nanotubes for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Zhou Xin‐You , Xu Chao , Guo Peng‐Peng , Sun Wei‐Li , Wei Ping‐Jie , Liu Jin‐Gang
Published: April 2021

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is essential in many life processes and energy conversion systems. It is desirable to design transition metal molecular catalysts inspired by enzymatic oxygen activation/reduction processes as an alternative to noble‐metal‐Pt‐based ORR electrocatalysts, especially in view point of fuel cell commercialization. We have fabricated bio‐inspired molecular catalysts electrografted onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in which 5,10,15,20‐tetra(pentafluorophenyl) iron porphyrin (iron porphyrin FeF20TPP) is coordinated with covalently electrografted axial ligands varying from thiophene to imidazole on the MWCNTs’ surface. The catalysts’ electrocatalytic activity varied with the axial coordination environment (i. e., S‐thiophene, N‐imidazole, and O‐carboxylate); the imidazole‐coordinated catalyst MWCNTs‐Im‐FeF20TPP exhibited the highest ORR activity among the prepared catalysts. When MWCNT‐Im‐FeF20TPP was loaded onto the cathode of a zinc−air battery, an open‐cell voltage (OCV) of 1.35 V and a maximum power density (Pmax) of 110 mW cm−2 were achieved; this was higher than those of MWCNTs‐Thi‐FeF20TPP (OCV=1.30 V, Pmax=100 mW cm−2) and MWCNTs‐Ox‐FeF20TPP (OCV=1.28 V, Pmax=86 mW cm−2) and comparable with a commercial Pt/C catalyst (OCV=1.45 V, Pmax=120 mW cm−2) under similar experimental conditions. This study provides a time‐saving method to prepare covalently immobilized molecular electrocatalysts on carbon‐based materials with structure–performance correlation that is also applicable to the design of other electrografted catalysts for energy conversion.