bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ULTRASTRUCTURAL ZONATION OF THE HUMAN ADRENAL CORTEX
Authors: Kawaoi Akira
Published: December 2008

Electron microscopic observations of sections from adrenal cortex obtained from a twenty‐four‐year‐old male with hypertension were made. In the zona glomerulosa the cells showed a large nuclear‐cytoplasmic ratio. The mitochondria had a dark matrix and plate‐like inner structure. The agranular endoplasmic reticulum revealed a close association with lipid granules. The Golgi apparatus was prominent and frequently accompanied by centrioles. Free ribosomes were abundant. The zona fasciculata can be subdivided into two layers. In the outer layer the cells are characterized by numerous large lipid granules. Two kinds of mitochondria are discernible; one with a pale matrix and tubulo‐vesicular or vesicular inner structure and the other with a dark matrix and tubulo‐vesicular or lamelllform cristae. In the inner zona fasciculata and reticularis there are two types of cells besides the dark cells. The type 1 cells have a compact cytoplasm, elliptic or irregularly shaped mitochondria with a dark matrix and tubulo‐vesicular or vesicular internal structure. The type 2 cells are large and ovoid, having a clear transparent cytoplasm. The mitochondria are numerous having a clear matrix and almost exclusively vesicular inner elements. Abundance in agranular endoplasmic reticulum, decreased lipid granules, and cytoplasmic incisions are common in both the inner fasciculata and reticularis. In addition the zona reticularis is characterized by increased number of dark cells, numerous pigment bodies, and the appearance of huge mitochondria.

On the basis of these observation were discussed the significance of the organelles in steroid biosynthesis, mode of hormone secretion, and cyto‐genesls in the adrenal cortex.
IMMUNOELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDIES ON LOCAL VASCULAR CHANGES AFTER IMMUNOLOGICAL TISSUE INJURIES
Authors: Masugi Yozo
Published: December 2008

Immunoelectron microscopic study on the interaction between the immune complexes and the local vascular components in nephrotoxic nephritis and ARTHUS type skin reaction was carried out. Conventional histologic and fluorescent antibody observations were also made for reference.

The mechanism of the beginning and progression of nephrotoxic nephritis was as follows: The initial binding of heterologous anti‐kidney antibodies to the intrarenal antigenic determinants, which were supposed to be concentrated mainly along the laminae densae of the glomerular basement membranes and partially in the mesangial matrices, and followed by gradually increased incorporation of complement β1c‐components. The hitherto formed immune complexes then appeared in the lamina rarae int. of the basement membranes and in the mesangial areas by non‐immunological transportation and deposition. The successive interactions between the immune complexes and the mesangial cells were assumed to be the essential factor to generate varied features of morphological alterations in the mesangial areas and in other glomerular components.

Although this mechanism at the mesangial level had much similarity with the interaction between the deposited immune complexes and the pericytes of the target blood vessels in vasculitis of the AKTHUS type, the causative factor of continuated inflammatory reactions in the glomeruli of the nephrotoxic nephritis were discussed from both immunological and morphological points. ACTA PATH. JAP. 19: 265˜281, 1969.
GENERALIZED TUBERCULOSIS AFTER BCG VACCINATION –REPORT OF AN AUTOPSY CASE–
Authors: Watanabe Teruo , Tanaka Kenzo , Hagiwara Yoshisato
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of generalized tuberculosis after BCG vaccination was reported. The patient, a boy BCG‐vaccinated at the age of three, developed regional lymphadenitis, which was followed by subcutaneous abscesses in the chest wall. At the age of eleven, chest X‐ray examination revealed an infiltrative shadow in the upper field. He died at thirteen years of age in poor condition with diarrhea and severe attacks of general convulsions. Autopsy disclosed generalized tuberculosis, especially in the skin, lymph nodes, lung, small intestine and brain. Microscopically, there was little tendency to develop tuberculous granulation tissue. Myriads of acid‐fast bacilli were found in these ill‐defined foci. The acid‐fast bacilli were indistinguishable from BCG by bacteriological investigations. No definite causative factor could be traced. Complications induced by BCG vaccination were briefly discussed. ACTA PATH JAP. 19: 395˜407 1969.
RENAL PAPILLARY NECROSIS IN THE NEWBORN REPORT OF THREE CASES WITH AUTOPSY FINDINGS and REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Wataxabe Shaw , Sakacuchi Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

Three cases of papillary necrosis in newborn infants are reported. In each instance the necrosis was associated with severe icterus with elevated concentrations of indirect‐reacting bilirubin. Common clinical symptoms of these cases were, in addition to icterus, oliguria, anuria, and/ or hematuria. Rapid elevation of serum N.P.N, was observed.

Thirty‐three reported cases of this rare condition have been reviewed, including twenty‐four in the newborn.

Renal papillary necrosis may be caused by altered blood flow in the renal medulla. Deposition of high concentrations of bilirubin in the tubular epithelium of the renal medulla may act as a trigger of the lesion. ACTA PATH. JAP. 19: 419˜431, 1969.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF MICROLITHIASIS ALVEOLARIS PULMONUM WITH SPECIAL ATTENTION TO ELASTOSIS IN LUNG TISSUE—
Authors: Hotchi Masao , Nasu Tsuyoshi , Mihara Hirotoshi
Published: December 2008

The second autopsy case of microlithiasis alveolaris pulmonum in our country was discussed. This case had no familial back‐ground or genetic predisposition for the disease and followed an almost asymptomatic course for 13 years since abnormal shadow of chest was revealed radio‐logically.

Of interest in this case in the deposition observed microscopically of the same substance in alveolar walls or in the interstitium as the ground substance of intra‐alveolar microlith, which was probably responsible for the irregular elastosis.
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF SARCOIDOSIS AND ITS IMMUNOLOGICAL BASES
Authors: TAKAHASHI Masayoshi
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of sarcoidosis associated with intermittent fever and marked splenomegaly and 28 biopsy cases were studied on its histological changes according to the stage. Diffuse lymphoreticular histiocytosis was considered to precede typical granuloma formation, though it has not been mentioned in the literature. Hyalinizing fibrosis following epithelioid cell granuloma occurred fairly rapidly and frequently from the periphery of the tuberculoid granuloma and progressed towards the inside of the granuloma with only giant cells of the foreign body type remaining. The entity of this phenomenon has been referred to as localized immune mechanism or local hyperglobulinosis. The author recognized the evidence in a previous study that immune globulins, polyclonal in type, were concentrated in and around the granuloma. From the concept that some antigenic agent consists in the Kveim reagent, the direct method of fluorescent antibody technique was introduced and distinctive fluorescence suggestive of an antigenic agent was obtained. ACTA PATH. JAP. 20: 171 ‐ 182, 1970.
DEGRANULATION AND REGRANULATION OF PANCREATIC ISLET CELLS OF ALLOXAN DIABETIC RATS: I. HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY
Authors: Tomita Tatsuo
Published: December 2008

The process of degranulation and regranulation of pancreatic islet cells was followed in the male rats given one intramuscular or intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (200 mg/Kg). The serum glucose showed a typical triphasic curve, reaching permanent hyperglycemia 24 hours after injection. The insulin levels of both serum and pancreas have been subnormal for the first 24 hours and then marked decrease of insulin levels was observed on the third day thereafter. In accord with subnormal pancreatic insulin levels, B granules have been present in the necrotic cells up to the first 24 hours, then complete disappearance was observed on the third day. Histochemistry of zinc was parallel to the preservation of B cells. Reactive zinc decreased from the center of the islets In 2–4 hours after alloxan, and after 24 hours zinc reaction was positive only around the periphery of the islets. Regranulated islet cells were observed from 7 days through 28 days in the presence of permanent diabetes with decreased population of B cells.
ANATOMICAL LESIONS BEING RESPONSIBLE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF PORTAL HYPERTENSION IN CARBON TETRACHLORIDE‐INDUCED RAT LIVER CIRRHOSIS
Authors: Fujimoto Keiichi , Nakata Katsuji
Published: December 2008

The hemodynamics of carbon tetrachloride‐Induced rat liver cirrhosis were examined by means of the perfusion experiment and the anatomical lesions being responsible for the development of portal hypertension were evaluated. The portal blood flow of isolated rat liver was 3.07±0.53 ml/g/min. in intact rats, 1.94±0.24ml/g/min. In fibrosis rats and 1.75±0.23 ml/g/min. in cirrhosis rats under the condition of perfusion pressure 13.5 cmH2O and of Ht 36%. The flbrotlc liver as well as cirrhotic liver showed marked elevation of hepatic vascular resistance, and more than 20 cmH2O perfusion pressures were necessary for the fibrotlc liver as well as the cirrhotic liver to hold the normal level of hepatic blood flow. There was no perceptible stenosis or distortion of the Intrahepatic portal tree and of the hepatic venous tree, but there was marked constriction of the sinusoid resulting from enlargement of the hepatic cell in the fibrotlc liver as well as in the cirrhotic liver. The Intimate correlation between the hepatic blood flow reduction and the extent of sinusoidal constriction suggested that vascular resistance of cirrhotic liver was located In the sinusoidal bed.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL ASPECTS OF THE ROLE OF THE MEDIA‐SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS IN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS OF MAN AND ANIMALS
Authors: Takebayashi Shigeo , Kamio Akinori , Kubota Isamu , Tauba Seiya
Published: December 2008

In various arterial lesions including atherosclerotic lesions, the main morphological change involves smooth muscle cells. The potential sensitivity is different among the arterial smooth muscle cells, venous smooth muscle cells and smooth muscle cells of other organs. The modified smooth muscle cells characterized by the increase of rough endoplasmic reticula are considered to express their latent ability to synthesize collagen fibers, elastic fibers and other ground substances.

The foam cells noted in atherosclerosis and fatty streak consist of lipid accumulated smooth muscle cells and hematogenous macrophages. Lipid metabolism and synthesis in the latter differ from those in the former. The ratio of the two kinds of foam cells in atheroma or fatty streak varies by the stage of the lesion.

It is possible to suppose that there exists a factor which would selectively attack the media smooth muscle cells of small arteries or arterioles. This is observed electron microscopically as focal cytoplasmic necrosis (cytoplasmolysis) of smooth muscle cells and plays an important role in the histogenesis of fibrinoid necrosis.

In case of experimental periarteritis nodosa the early stage begins with cytoplasmolysis of smooth muscle cells and marked increase of rough endoplasmic reticula in adjacent smooth muscle cells.
CHÉDIAK‐HIGASHI SYNDROME: REPORT OF A CASE WITH AUTOPSY AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDIES*
Authors: Ito Jishu , Tokumaru Minora , Okazaki Tomio
Published: December 2008

A case of a 6‐month‐old boy with Chédiak‐Higashi syndrome was studied by autopsy and electron microscopy. Electron microscopy of leukocytes from peripheral blood and bone marrow indicated that the abnormal intracytoplasmic granules or vacuoles identifiable in light microscopy fell into 3 categories; (1) giant lysosomes; (2) autophagic vacuoles; and (3) phagocytized cells. These observations may support the recent concept that Chédiak‐Higashi syndrome is a possible lysosomal disease.

Autopsy revealed various tissues of the patient infiltrated by histiocytic reticulum cells and lymphocytes, and unusual findings including an infiltration of these cells in and around the splenic trabecular veins and brain vessels as well as multifocal collections of the histiocytic cells in the brain. The histological feature of these infiltrates may represent a reactive type of histiocytic reticulosis or lympho‐histiocytosis, probably secondary to some metabolic disorder to which lysosomal dysfunctions may play an important role.
VIRUS‐LIKE MICROTUBULAR INCLUSIONS IN THE GLOMERULAR ENDOTHELIUM OF PATIENTS WITH ANAPHYLACTOID PURPURA
Authors: Aizawa Shigeo , Hamaguchi Kinichi , Ogoshi Eiki , Ishikawa Eisei , Adachi Tadashi
Published: December 2008

Twenty renal biopsy specimens taken from 17 patients with anaphylactoid purpura were examined by light and electron microscope. Virus‐like microtubular inclusions were observed in the glomerular endothelium of 4 specimens from 3 patients. They consisted of interwoven microtubular structures measuring 200–280 Å and often appeared to be branched. Identical structures have been reported in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and given the specificity for the diagnosis. However, the observations of apparently identical structures in patients with renal disease other than systemic lupus evoked a question to its specificity. The presence of the structures in patients with anaphylactoid purpura and systemic lupus erythematosus suggested some similarity of these two conditions. The exact nature of the structures is unknown at present.
STUDIES ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES OF GUINEA PIGS AGAINST VARIOUS FOREIGN MATERIALS USING THE “AGAR BULLET” METHOP
Authors: Takeuchi Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

The reaction mode of the intraperitoneal cells of guinea pigs both to protein materials and to non‐protein materials has been studied, paying special attention to their molecular weights.

In both groups of guinea pigs, non‐sensitized and sensitized with albumin or gamma globulin, the reaction of the intraperitoneal cells including neutrophilic leukocytes could be seen in the center sticks of the bullets mixed with bovine gamma globulin, polyvinyl pyrolidone (P.V.P.) and dextran whose molecular weights were more than 100,000. On the contrary, the cellular reaction could not be seen in the center stick of the bullets mixed with albumin and P.V.P. and dextran whose molecular weights were less than 100,000.

As the results of our experiments, it has been clarified that the molecular weight of the foreign body with antigenecity has a tremendous influence on the reaction of the peritoneal cells, and that the so ‐ called cell bound antibody does not cause the reaction by itself.
STUDIES ON THE ANTIBODY FORMATION OF THE CULTURED OMENTUM CELLS USING HEMOLYTIC PLAQUE METHOD
Authors: Kasahara Masao , Yamaguchi Hisao , Kageyama Keizo
Published: December 2008

With the results obtained with our experimental procedures, agar hemolytic plaque formation was demonstrated in the cultured omentum cells of both non‐sensitized and sensitized guinea pigs, administrated sheep red cells in vitro.

This experiment provides evidence for antibody formation in the cultured omentum cells.
MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF THE ENDOTHELIUM IN LUNG WITH ADMINISTRATION OF SOLUBLE IMMUNE COMPLEXES
Authors: Yamaguchi Hisao , Torikata Chikao , Takeuchi Hiroshi , Kageyama Keizo
Published: December 2008

The morphological changes of the capillary endothelium in lung have been studied with administration of soluble immune complexes.

With the administration of soluble immune complexes, there were noted vacuolarisation, lift‐up phenomenon, arcade formation and subendo‐thelial edema of pulmonary capillaries.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THROMBOTIC MICROANGIOPATHY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCES TO THREE CASES ASSOCIATED WITH ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKAEMIA
Authors: Nagai Kazunori , Sugiyama Yoshihiko , Hosaka Tsuyoshi , Takaya Hikoichiro
Published: December 2008

Five autopsy cases of thrombotic microangiopathy, including 3 cases associated with acute promyelocytic leukaemia, were examined macroscopically, light‐and electronmicroscopically.

The so‐called hyaline thrombi In thrombotic microangiopathy were composed of fibrin and its degenerative products. Thrombocytes and other blood cells were not seen in the thrombi.

At the site of the formation of a thrombus, there was no conspicuous change in the walls of the capillaries and arterioles. It was considered, therefore, that the intravascular deposition of fibrin was the primary event in the development of thrombotic microangiopathy.

In regard to the distribution and morphologic findings, there was no basic difference between the microthrombi in cases associated with acute promyelocytic leukaemia and those without it.

The bone marrow and some other organs in cases of thrombotic microangiopathy associated with acute promyelocytic leukaemia macroscopically revealed a green colour. Many thrombi composed of leukaemic cells and fibrin were found in the pulmonary arteries of these cases. Furthermore, prominent erythrophagocytosis in the bone marrow and lymph nodes was a common finding in these cases.
TWO AUTOPSY CASES OF GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE ‐CIRRHOTIC TYPE
Authors: Motoi Makoto , Sonobe Hiroshi , Ogawa Katsuo , Murakami Motomasa , Yamanouchi Itsuro , Toda Hiroshi , Okamoto Tsukasa , Ohara Toshio
Published: December 2008

The present report deals with the results of our study on two autopsy cases in whom hepatosplenomegaly and disturbances of the liver function had been noticed in early life. Both died at the age of 23 months and 30 months old, respectively. The necropsy of the cases had demonstrated the depositions of abnormal glycogen (polysaccharide) In the liver, heart and the reticuloendothelial system, and cirrhosis of the liver. Histoche‐mically, the stored material resembled glycogen but it showed some unusual properties, particularly its slow digestion by amylase as well as the tone of a mauve color with Iodine and the affinity for ruthenium red. These findings suggested that these two cases resemble very closely glycogen storage disease of type IV (Andersen's disease), which is a very rare disease.
PATHOLOGY OF INTRACORTICAL NODULES IN RAT ADRENAL GLANDS, ESPECIALLY ON THEIR FINE‐STRUCTURE
Authors: Sugihara Hajime , Kawai Kioko , Tsuchiyama Hideo
Published: December 2008

Intracortical nodules in the zona fasciculata of rat adrenal glands were studied electron microscopically and histochemically. The nodules were classified into the following three types. A) Hyperplastic small cell type having numerous elongated mitochondria with vesicular cristae. Alkaline phosphatase activity was increased in this type of nodule. B) Hypertrophic large cell type having well developed smooth‐surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, and occasionally forming a characteristic feature of fenestrated cisterna. Histochemical activity of steroid 3/3‐ol dehydrogenase was increased. These morphological appearances suggest that this type of nodule has a greater capacity for steroid synthesis. C) Lipid droplet type having many mitochondria containing lamellar cristae and intramltochondrial deposits often found near large lipid vacuoles. The activity of secondary alcohol dehydrogenase was generally increased.

Structural and cellular relationships among these three types of nodule and the pathogenesis of cortical adenomatous nodule were also discussed.
LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS OF THE MYOCARDIUM OF DOGS IN HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK
Authors: Kajihara Hiroki , Hara Hiroshi , Seyama Shinichi , Iijima Soichi , Yoshidoa Masao
Published: December 2008

Morphologic change of the myocardium of the dog were observed in oligemic and normovolemic shock produced by Wiggers' standard method.

Subendocardial hemorrhages, usually superficial and located mostly in the ventricular aspect of the septum, were remarkable in the normovolemic shock group, but rare in the oligemic shock group. The zonal lesion appeared in the early period of oligemic shock becoming more apparent with lapse of time. Ultrastructural studies revealed some differences of the findings of the zonal lesion between oligemic and normovolemic shock. In oligemic shock, the zonal lesion was identical to the supercontraction of myofilaments and dislocation of mitochondria. Supercontraction of myofibrils was usually unilateral, and herniation of damaged myocytes was frequently noticed in the unilateral lesion. In the normovolemic shock, supercontracted areas near the intercalated disc were usually stretched and the myofilaments became irregular in arrangement. In addition, the accumulation of glycogen granules and presence of clear flocculent areas were observed in the cytoplasm of some myocardial cells.

Cell edema, swelling and destruction of mitochondria and contraction bands were found in the damaged myocyte, especially in the terminal stage of normovolemic shock. Swelling of the capillary endothelial cell was already observed in the early period of oligemic shock. In addition, the pathogenesis of the zonal lesion and the mechanism of cardiac depression in hemorrhagic shock were discussed.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF MAMMALIAN LIVER WITH PERIODIC ACID METHENAMINE SILVER STAIN—BASEMENT MEMBRANE STRUCTURE and FIBROGENESIS IN SPACE OF DISSE
Authors: Kawanami Ohichi
Published: December 2008

The author has studied the morphologic architecture of the basement membrane‐like structure wich is rarely seen in the space of Disse of the human liver. Special attention has been paid to the histochemical staining properties of the construction using the periodic acid methena‐mine silver (PAM) stain and the ruthenium red (RR) stain which are regarded as good methods for the demonstration of mucopolysaccharide. The former showed a high affinity to the materials such as collagen fibrils or basement membrane proper, while the latter Is effective to detect the more labile mucoprotein such as glycocalyx containing sia‐lomucin. The substance in the space of Disse could be defined to be usually composed of labile mucopolysaccharide materials reacting with ruthenium red stain. According to the PAM stain, the basement membrane‐like structure was selectively demonstrated, but it appeared never to be a constant feature as seen in the bile ductule, converting into fine filamentous, irregular mottled or diffuse amorphous architectures in the space of Disse. It might be concluded that the structure was not the basement membrane proper in the usual sense, and should be understood as an alternation of mucopolysaccharide content in the perisinusoidal spaces in a histochemical aspect. Interestingly the fat‐storing cell in the space of Disse and the fibroblast in the connective tissue constituents of the liver have common properties showing aggregates of fine granules positively impregnated by the PAM stain in their cytoplasmic processes. Moreover, the fine granules were related to the surrounding matured collagen fibrils with high intimacy. The author would like to define those granules as a precursor of collagen fibrils.
CLASSIFICATION OF INITIAL LEUKEMIC CHANGES IN RATS FED N,N′‐2,7‐FLUORENYLENEBISACETAMIDE
Authors: Takayama Shojiro , Kamata Shoji
Published: December 2008

Leukemia was Induced in rats which were fed N,N′‐2,7‐fluorenyIene‐bisacetamide. This leukemia developed from a solitary lesion to a scattered and further a diffuse lesion. The appearance of orthochromatic erythroblasts In the peripheral blood was utilized for detection of solitary lesions. Almost all bones of the body were examined histologically. The classification of leukemia was performed from diffuse lesions toward scattered and solitary lesions. Solitary lesions were classsifled into mature granulocytic, erythroblastic, mlcromyeloblastic, and unclassified types. No solitary lesion of myeloblasts type was identified. Each type showed its particular histological pattern from the initial stage, though solitary lesions were composed of more Immature cells than those of scattered and diffuse lesions. Mature granulocytic and erythroblastic leukemias are considered to begin as one or a few nodular foci mainly in the bone marrow. Micromyeloblastic leukemia seems to originate in the spleen and bone marrow.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF NIEMANN‐PICK DISEASE
Authors: Kawai Kioko , Tsuchiyama Hideo , Tabata Kimiko
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of Niemann‐Pick disease whichμ was characterized by hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy is reported. On microscopic examination, numerous foamy cells were observed in the liver, spleen, kidneys, bone marrow, lungs, thymus, intestine and general lymph nodes. These cells were generally negative for periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) stain and positive for staining of phospholipid. Based upon the morphologic characteristics of Niemann‐Pick disease, its relation to other lipidosis is discussed.
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY ON THE HUMAN GASTRIC MUCOSA; FETAL, NORMAL AND VARIOUS PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Takagi Toshihiko , Takebayashi Shigeo , Tokuyasu Kiyoaki , Tsuji Kooichi
Published: December 2008

Scanning electron microscopy was applied on the human gastric mucosa obtained from 30 cases including fetuses in order to examine its normal and pathological conditions (atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, regenerated epithelium around an ulcer, gastric polyp, and differentiated and undifferentiated carcinoma).

Tissue preparation for scanning electron microscopy of the gastric mucosa was also studied.
PATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON EXPERIMENTAL PULMONARY FIBROSIS INDUCED BY SOLUBLE IMMUNE COMPLEX—ESPECIALLY ON ITS ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Torikata Chikao
Published: December 2008

Diffuse pulmonary fibrosis was induced experimentally in guinea pig by administration of heterologous immune complex with simultaneous inhalation of subtoxic oxygen. The capillary endothelium was affected primarily by soluble immune complex and this resulted in interstitial pulmonary edema. The most characteristic findings in this study were demonstrated in the basement membrane. Within several days, the basement membrane of both capillary endothelium and alveolar epithelium was diffusely thickened and increased in electron density. These pathological changes are supposed to cause persistence of edema fluid within interstitium and prolonged duration of inflammatory process.
MARKED FATTY LIVER ASSOCIATED WITH HYPOTHALAMIC LESIONS—TWO AUTOPSY CASES—
Authors: Miyasaki Kichihei , Miyachi Yokichi , Ooiso Yutaka
Published: December 2008

Marked fatty liver was noted as a common finding In a 24‐year‐old housewife with diabetes Insipidus and autopsy findings of infiltration of carcinoma of the superior pharynx to hypothalamus, and in a 45‐year‐old housewife with marked hyperorexla, obesity and autopsy findings of encephalomalacia of the hypothalamus. According to animal experiments and case reports available, fatty liver due to hypothalamic lesions may occur as a rare possibility.
MUCOSAL GLYCOPROTEINS IN CARCINOMA CELLS OF GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, AS DETECTED BY IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE TECHNIQUE
Authors: Kawasaki Hiroshi , Kimoto Eiji
Published: December 2008

Antisera, obtained by Immunization of human or pocine gastric muco‐sa‐specific and intestinal mucosa‐specific glycoprotein into rabbits, were employed for the immunofluorescence staining of carcinoma cells in the gastrointestinal tract. The undifferentiated carcinoma cells, diffusely and dissociatedly proliferating in the mucosa as well as in the submucosal and muscular layer, fluoresced intensely for both antisera. On the other hand, the well‐differentiated ones of adenocarcinoma type were devoid of fluorescence. Fluorescence appeared where the ordered glandular pattern became disarranged. Carcinoma cells metastasizing into serous effusion singly or in small clusters, fluoresced well. The usefullness of this immunofluorescence technique in the cytologic diagnosis of carcinoma cells in effusions was ascertained.
A STUDY ON SO‐CALLED SPLENIC AGENESIS SYNDROME–PATHOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF TWENTY SEVEN AUTOPSY CASES
Authors: Okayasu Isao , Mori Wataru , Kajita Akira
Published: December 2008

A collection of 27 autopsy cases of so‐called splenic agenesis syndrome which consisted of asplenia, severe cardiovascular malformations, and situs inversus or heterotaxia (partial or total) was studied.

The result of analysis of those characteristic cardiovascular anomalies and abnormal symmetry with right‐ sidedness of the visceral organs suggested that it would be quite reasonable to use the term splenic agenesis syndrome, to some extent. Classification into two types; complete (splenic agenesis with cardiovascular anomalies and abdominal heterotaxy) and incomplete (with one of cardiovascular anomalies or abdominal heterotaxy) also seemed to be useful. Secondary changes included marked fibrous thickening of the small pulmonary artery intima or thrombus formation due to stenosis or atresia of the pulmonary trunk, and various alterations in liver, kidney, and other organs, which seemed to correspond to the finding by so‐called morbus caeruleus.

As the possible reaction compensating the congenital asplenic condition, multiple lymph follicles of various stages were found in the bone marrow of the older age group, although no significant tendency of hyper‐ or hypoplasia was detected in the peripheral lymph apparatus including lymph nodes.
IATROGENIC CROOKE'S CHANGES IN HUMAN PITUITARY GLAND WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE CORRELATION OF CORTICAL HORMONES APPLIED
Authors: Uei Yoshio , Suzuki Masatoshi
Published: December 2008

Human pituitary glands in 97 unselected cases receiving glucocorticoid treatment were examined in order to study the iatrogenic Crooke's changes, particularly with regard to the dose of glucocorticoids applied and duration of medication. The dose of glucocorticoids compound applied was all converted into the equivalent amount of prednisolone. Crooke's changes occurred only in the β1 cell (Bain and Ezrin), which was identified by the aldehyde thionine‐PAS‐orange G stain and regarded as the ACTH/MSH cell. The degree of Crooke's changes was semi‐quantitatively divided into negative, suspicious and positive groups; the last was subdivided into those of a slight, moderate and severe degree. From the findings in 35 positive cases, receiving glucocorticoids continuously to the time of death, the minimal “dose‐duration formula” for developing Crooke's changes was obtained. The degree of Crooke's changes well correlated with the duration of therapy (rK=0.867, α=0.0083) and much more correlated with the total dose of glucocorticoids applied (rK=0.934, α=0.0083). Crooke's changes remained as long as 119 days after discontinuation of the therapy. Indirect evidence for the reversibility of Crooke's changes was obtained from two negative cases. There was a tendency that posterior lobe cells of possible intermediate lobe origin were also involved in the alteration with increasing dose of glucocorticoids.
SCIRRHOUS CARCINOMA OCCURRING IN THE CORPUS (BODY) OF THE STOMACH
Authors: Nagayo Takeo , Yokoyama Hideyoshi
Published: December 2008

One hundred and fourty‐three cases of scirrhous cancer originating in the body of the stomach were examined histologically. The number corresponded to 4.2% of gastric cancer, 28.0% of scirrhous gastric cancers and 19.2% gastric cancers originating in the body of the stomach. From 30 to 60 years of age, there were twice as many female as male patients in every age decade.

From gross appearances of the lesions, the scirrhous cancers were classified Into 1) Giant Fold Type and 2) Eroded Type. Both changes were seen, more or less, in the affected mucosae of all cases. The Giant Fold Type was seen mainly In the mucosa of the side walls or of the greater curvature, while the Eroded Type was more often seen In the mucosa of the lesser curvature or its neighboring area.

Histologically, all cancerous lesions showed the picture of moderately or poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with accompanying signet‐ring cells and evidence was obtained that the eroded or ulcerated area was the original site of the cancerisation. The giant folds resulted from reactive hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa to the diffuse intramural fibrosis caused by wide‐spread infiltration of the cancer cells. The cancerous foci of 42 cases of early cancer all showed a small erosion or shallow ulcer and were histologically composed of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Scars which were covered by regenerating epithelia, were found in 4 cases, but these changes were thought to be secondary In nature.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF CREUTZFELDT‐JAKOB DISEASE ACCOMPANYING PROMINENT STATUS SPONGIOSUS
Authors: Naito Makoto , Takahashi Kiyoshi
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease is reported in a 60‐year‐old man who developed an abrupt onset of delusion, intellectural deterioration and rapidly progressing dementia terminating in decorticated rigidity. Autopsy revealed a moderate gyral atrophy of the cerebrum, particularly in the frontal lobe (1320 g). Microscopically, diffuse and prominent status spongiosue was observed throughout the cerebral cortices, mostly accompanied by atrophy and occasional loss of neuronal cells. Similar changes were seen in the basal ganglia. Lipid pigments accumulated in most of the atrophic neuronal cells. Histochemical studies were made on vacuoles of the spongious state and lipid pigments stored in the neuronal cells. Clinico‐pathological subjects of the Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease and its subtypes, especially its relationship to subacute spongiform encephalopathy, are briefly discussed.
ÜBER DIE MYOKARDSARKOIDOSE—PATHOLOGISCHE UNTERSUCHUNGEN AN 7 SEKTIONSFÄLLEN UNTER BESONDERER BERÜCKSICHTIGUNG DER HISTOLOGISCHEN VARIATIONEN
Authors: Imai Miki , Takeishi Makoto , Toyoda Chisato , Kaneda Yoshio
Published: December 2008

The present report consists of seven autopsy cases of myocardial sarcoidosis terminating in death 1 month to 5 years after the onset of symptoms. Histologically, they were classified into the following 4 types: a) diase nonspeciflc Branulation, b) specific granuloma with giant cells, c) diffuse fibrosis with giant cells, and d) nonspeciflc fibrosis. Types a) and b) demonstrate active changes, while c) and d) are sequelae of active inflammation. Morphological changes of sarcoidosis were found not only in myocardium but also in both pericardum and endocardium. Although no Anal conclusions could be obtained as to whether the giant cells appearing in myocardium were of mesenchymal or myogenic origin, the authors favor the latter concept. Changes compatible to sarcoidosis found in other organs in acute cases were scarce and old. On the contrary, more active and variable changes were encountered in protracted cases. The authors consider giant cell myocarditie to be one type of sarcoidosis occurring in the heart.
TUMOR OF GLOMUS JUGULARE REPORT OF A CASE
Authors: Hosoda Syun , Suzuki Harumi , Kito Hanae , ISOJIMA Genzo , ISHIGAMI Hiromichi
Published: December 2008

A typical case of glomus jugulare tumor was presented. This 42‐year‐old man suffering from a left‐sided Impaired hearing progressive over a Ave year period was found to have a small hemorrhagic polypoid tumor in the left external auditory canal. After repeated surgical treatments the tumor removed was light and electron microscopically diagnosed as glomus jugulare tumor which corresponded to the 13th case in this country. The Implication that this tumor may constitute a distinctive group of tumor among the neuroendocrine tumors from other sites was discussed from the facts of the presence of a large number of rather small argyrophilic granules of secretory type in the cytoplasm of tumor cells including the present case and of the appearance of increasing cases with functioning glomus jugulare tumor secreting catecholamine in the recent medical literature.
A POSSIBLE PROCESS OF LIPID‐EXCRETION FROM HEPATOCY‐TES OF EGG‐LAYING JAPANESE QUAILS WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO CHARACTERISTIC INTERCELLULAR CYSTIC SPACE (ICS)
Authors: Hiratsuka Atsushi , Sakaguchi Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

As for the process of excretion of lipids synthesized in hepatocytes, some investigators are of the opinion that lipoprotein granules are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum and/or in the Golgi apparatus and are then excreted out of hepatic cells. In our study using Japanese quails an entirely new possible process of lipid excretion was observed: that is, lipids formed in hepatocytes of Japanese quails were excreted into the cystically dilated intercellular spaces which are a characteristic structure in the quail. In these spaces lipids were emulsified into lipoprotein granules, and they were transported to the space of Disse through a narrow passage, which runs between the intercellular space and the space of Disse. Since this cystically dilated intercellular space has not been refered to previously, the authors have named it ICS (intercellular cystic space).
GIANT LYMPH NODE HYPERPLASIA IN EXTRATHORACIC LYMPH NODES‐REPORT OF TWO CASES WITH A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Yamashita Hiroto , Nakayama Iwao , Itoga Takashi , Matsuo Takeshi , Oyakawa Yukinobu , Takahara Osamu , Tsuji Koiohi , Tomita Masao , Ayabe Kimikiko
Published: December 2008

Two cases of giant lymph node hyperplasia occurring in extrathoracic regions are reported, one on the right side of the supra‐and infraclavicular fossa, pectoral muscle and axilla, and the other in the right groin. In both cases enlarged masses were removed several times having arisen from slow growing preexisting smaller masses. The histological features of all masses were identical, although removed at different times during the course of the disease. Both cases were characterized by marked proliferation of lymphoid follicles and capillaries, and infiltration of plasma cells. Fibrous thickening and hyalinization of the capillaries varied somewhat in severity from one case to the other. It is thought that the histogenesis of the lesion is related to chronic inflammation rather than to a hamartoma.
RETINAL DYSPLASIA: A REPORT OF TWO SURGICAL CASES
Authors: Kaku Tamehiro , Sasai Kazuhiko , Nagamine Yoshiaki , Takahashi Manabu
Published: December 2008

Two surgical cases of retinal dysplasia are reported. The one is unilateral (left‐sided) with microphthalmus and the other bilateral. Chromosome test in the latter case showed no abnormality. In both cases the left eye was enucleated under the clinical diagnosis of retinoblastoma. There was a mass of loose connective tissue behind the lens which was covered by a completely detached retina. Histological examination revealed the presence of branching tubes of primitive retinal structure and large rosettes.

The use of the term retinal dysplasia in distinction from Reese's syndrome is mentioned and some morphological characteristics of primitive retinal structure are described.
CASTLEMAN'S LYMPHOMA AMONG JAPANESE POPULATION
Authors: Tanaka Toshio , Kobayashi Kanji , Sho Tatsuo , Hamazaki Mikage
Published: December 2008

Since our report on Gastleman's lymphoma in 1958, a total of 53 cases by 36 authors have appeared In the Japanese literatures. Among them our first case, whose tumor was found In the pelvic cavity, would be the first patient ever reported in Japan. The outstanding histological features of Castleman's lymphoma consists of variegated morphology of germinal centers due to peculiar capillary proliferation, multicentric germinal centers in a lymph follicle showing a chimerical figure and expansive growth of lymph follicles by compressing interfollicular area. Among these Japanese population, we have noticed the highest age incidence between 10‐19 years, with somewhat female predominance, the most preferential site in the upper part of the body, and, as compared to the other ethnical subjects, more frequent tumor multiplicity and less usual plasma cell type of the tumor. A possible pathogenesis that Castleman's lymphoma could be "a benign lymphoma" in contrast to malignant lymphomas is emphasized from various aspects.
ENZYME HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY ON FAT‐STORING CELLS (SO‐CALLED ITO'S CELL) OF LIVER
Authors: Tanaka Mitsugu , Kosakai Mamoru , Inomata Izuru , Takaki Keizo , Ishikawa Eisei
Published: December 2008

Inorder to gain a foothold in clarifying the functional significance of fat‐storing cells, an enzyme histochemical study on these cells was carried out. Fat‐storing cells showed no alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase or esterase activity but demonstrated a marked γ‐ glutamyl transpeptidase activity suggesting the possibility of its participation in the synthesis of fiber protein. This possibility was further heightened by its remarkable activity noted at the site of progressive fibrosis. Fat‐storing cells under a normal condition partake in the formation of fibers supporting the sinusoidal wall, and under an abnormal condition gradually change their shape with loss of fat droplets and then transform into flbroblast‐like cells closely related to the progress of fibrosis.
NON‐AFRICAN BURKITT'S LYMPHOMA IN A YOUNG WOMAN
Authors: Tanaka Toshio , Komatsubara Shokichi , Miyoshi Isao , Hieaki Shunkichi , Tada Shinya , Kubonishi Ichiro , Hujii Masashi , Sezaki Tatsuo
Published: December 2008

Non‐African Burkitt's lymphoma is presented in a 29‐year‐old, unmarried woman, who developed tumors in both breasts and ovaries, ascites and pleural effusion. Assessment of B cells in the tumor cells, derived from ascites, pleural effusion and tumor tissue is 90%, surface IgM being consisted of 86%, in an average. Histologically, the tumor tissue demonstrates prominent, so‐called starry‐sky effect, and cytologically, tumor cells are poorly‐differentiated lymphocytoid ceUs in their features.
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF BEHÇET DISEASE
Authors: Kaneko Hiroshi , Nakajima Hiroshi , Okamura Akiharu , Fukase MasayuH , Katano Akira , Hōjō Haruto , Ishikawa Shinobu
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of Behçet disease which was considered to be typical both clinically and histopathologically was reported. Cerebral abscess was also noted. Consequently it was presumed that some of the findings which had been called softening, demyelination, cavitation among others as the lesions of Neuro‐Behçet might be closely related to abscess. Besides suppurative endoaortitls which was thought to be of interest as the lesions of Vascular‐Behçet was observed. In order to substantiate the above, a general review of the literature of Behçet disease was made.
INFLUENCE OF BLOOD COLLECTION ON INCIDENCE OF 2,7‐FAA INDUCED RAT LEUKEMIA
Authors: Fujiwara Mutsunori , Takayama Shojiro
Published: December 2008

The oral administration of N,N'‐2,7‐fluorenylenebisacetamide induced leukemia, especially mature granulocytic leukemia, in rats. The peripheral blood was examined on various schedules, once or twice a week for a long term. The blood volume lost by a blood collection was little, but It was not negligible in small animals such as rats when the loss was repeated. We investigated the relationship between the volume of blood loss and the incidence of leukemia. The incidence of leukemia rose as the volume of blood loss increased. There was a positive correlation between them. The induction of mature granulocytic leukemia was thought to be increased by the promotion of the granulopoiesis which had been supressed by 2,7‐FAA. It was concluded that the blood loss by repeated blood collection for examination raised the Incidence of 2,7‐FAA induced leukemia.
MORPHOLOGICAL OBSERVATION OF IDIOPATHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY CONSISTING OF 9 CASES ENCOUNTERED IN SUDDEN AND UNEXPECTED DEATH
Authors: Sugai Masayoshi , Kono Rin , Nakahara Yoshiyuki , Kunita Yukie , Tanaka Seiichi
Published: December 2008

The present study consists of 9 cases of idiopathic cardiomyopathy which were divided into two types, i.e. 6 cases of the hypertrophic type and 3 cases of the dilated type. The former type was found in school‐children and relatively younger adults, and the latter in various ages. In both types the hearts showed marked enlargement. The characteristic gross changes of the hypertrophic type were hypertrophy of the anterior wall of left ventricle and of the ventricular septum. Microscopically, the hypertrophied myocardium demonstrated a bizarre arrangement showing different size and shape of muscle fibers. In addition, the walls of small arteries and arterioles revealed circumscribed elastosls here and there. In the dilated type, the hearts showed marked dilatation of both ventricles, and microscopy revealed coagulation necrosis of the myocardial fibers and marked scar formation with slight inflammatory cell Infiltration. The gross and microscopic changes in both types of idiopathic cardiomyopathy differed from one another in several respects, and the authors assumed that the differences indicate an independent etiology of both types in man.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF CREUTZFELDT‐JAKOB DISEASE WITH KURU‐LIKE NEUROPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES
Authors: Hirano Toru , Tsuchiyama Hideo , Kawai Kioko , Mori Kazutake
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease with Kuru‐llke neuropatho‐logical changes which revealed clinically extrapyramidal, pyramidal and psychic symptoms is presented in this report. On microscopic examination, status spongiosus, neuronal degeneration, proliferation of hypertrophic astrocytes and numerous plaques were observed in the cerebrum and cerebellum accompanied with widespread demyelinization. These plaques which suggested Kuru plaques measuring 10 to 60 μ were strongly PAS positive and had a dense central core surrounded by a halo of fine radially arranged fibrils. As for the relationship between Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease and Kuru, the significance of these morphological changes is discussed
IMMUNOHISTOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE ACTH PRODUCING ISLET CELL CARCINOMA OF THE PANCREAS
Authors: Kawaoi Akira , Okano Tadao , Uchida Toshikazu
Published: December 2008

ACTH producing cells In islet cell carcinoma associated with Cushing's syndrome were studied by an improved immunoperoxidase as well as immunofluorescence technique. The cells which contained ACTH antigen were distributed throughout the tumor tissue of both primary and metastatic lesions in rather small numbers. In the small cancer nests they were present in an irregular or mosaic pattern and, on the contrary, they tend to line along the margin in the larger nests. The intracytoplasmlc localization of the ACTH antigen was characteristically demonstrated in the intranuclear area of the tumor cells, closely simulating that of the argentaffin granules of the entero‐chromaffin cells. The electron microscopic observation identified membrane enclosed, cored granules,200–300 nm in diameter, present in clusters in the intranuclear area of some tumor cells, which were considered corresponding well to the ACTH positive cells in immune staining.
STUDIES ON RICKETTSIA‐LIKE BODY IN KAWASAKI DISEASE ATTEMPTS OF THE ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: Tasaka Kachio , Hamashima Yoshihiro
Published: December 2008

Rickettsia‐llke bodies were reportedly found in biopsies of the skin and lymph nodes from half the number of patients with Kawasaki's disease. In our present work, these microbodies were isolated from the peripheral whole blood of a patient with Kawasaki's disease (MLNS) through passage of guinea pigs and yolk sac culture. However, the isolated strains disappeared spontaneously during their stores at −80°G for two weeks.