bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On Censorship, Silence, and Rubble: Reflections on the Destruction of a Performance Venue in Mexico City
Authors: GREEN ANDREW J.
Published: February 2025

This article reflects on a little-told story of musical and cultural censorship: the Mexican government's 1996 destruction of the Foro Abierto, a 2,000-seater auditorium in the heart of Chapultepec Park in Mexico City. The Foro Abierto was the home of an anarchist theatre group called CLETA, and was an important venue for a number of genre-crossing musicians. This venue was destroyed by the police just before CLETA was to inaugurate it as part of the rebel Zapatista movement. Several days later, a musician from CLETA was assassinated. Responding to the material turn in music studies, this article combines ethnographic and archival research to explore articulations between rubble and censorship. The venue's destruction disempowered and disarticulated CLETA, to the extent that an unsettling silence emerged about this act on the site of the venue itself. Equally, constructive responses to the complexities of censorship may also emerge from acts of material and ideational de-structuration.
Comstock, Reconstruction Politics, and Moral Surveillance
Authors: Cohen Andrew Wender
Published: February 2025

It is best to think of Anthony Comstock’s campaign against vice as a response to Reconstruction that afflicted the nation long after that period was over. Comstock’s rise in the 1870s was not organic; it was backed by wealthy patrons engaged in intense political fighting over issues such as racial equality, taxation, and democracy. And although Comstock began by arresting vendors of so-called obscene goods, he soon expanded his portfolio, pursuing folks of every race and gender engaged in erotic, profane, or blasphemous correspondence. Interfering in personal conversations proved controversial, resulting in attempts by courts and postmasters to restrain Comstock’s authority, but he, nevertheless, prosecuted countless letter writers. The law that bore his name resulted in federal involvement in private correspondence well into the twentieth century.
Great Conspiracies, Stealing Seats, and Anarchy: Senatorial Elections in Disputed States, 1892–1893
Authors: Argersinger Peter H.
Published: February 2025

While scholars are revitalizing political history, they continue to neglect the formal yet dynamic institutional framework that shaped not merely the traditional subjects of election campaigns and governance but also newer concerns dealing with political participation, representation, power, legitimacy, and conflict. This article focuses on the 1893 senatorial elections in the six states where neither major party held the legislative majority on joint ballot necessary to elect a U.S. senator. This fraught situation derived from the success of the new Populist party and threatened the customary Republican control of both state politics and the U.S. Senate. By examining the previously overlooked actions and interactions of election and canvassing boards, state courts, and party committees with electoral rules, judicial norms, and legislative procedures after the general election of 1892, this article demonstrates that election outcomes were often contingent upon factors other than electoral mobilization, great issues, and popular opinion. Partisanship and the search for power produced “conspiracies” that corrupted basic electoral institutions, subverted voting results, denied rightful representation, violated democratic norms and practices, and provoked popular unrest.
A postzygotic GNA13 variant upregulates the RHOA/ROCK pathway and alters melanocyte function in a mosaic skin hypopigmentation syndrome
Authors: El Masri Rana , Iannuzzo Alberto , Kuentz Paul , Tacine Rachida , Vincent Marie , Barbarot Sébastien , Morice-Picard Fanny , Boralevi Franck , Oillarburu Naia , Mazereeuw-Hautier Juliette , Duffourd Yannis , Faivre Laurence , Sorlin Arthur , Vabres Pierre , Delon Jérôme
Published: February 2025

The genetic bases of mosaic pigmentation disorders have increasingly been identified, but these conditions remain poorly characterised, and their pathophysiology is unclear. Here, we report in four unrelated patients that a recurrent postzygotic mutation in GNA13 is responsible for a recognizable syndrome with hypomelanosis of Ito associated with developmental anomalies. GNA13 encodes Gα13, a subunit of αβγ heterotrimeric G proteins coupled to specific transmembrane receptors known as G-protein coupled receptors. In-depth functional investigations revealed that this R200K mutation provides a gain of function to Gα13. Mechanistically, we show that this variant hyperactivates the RHOA/ROCK signalling pathway that consequently increases actin polymerisation and myosin light chains phosphorylation, and promotes melanocytes rounding. Our results also indicate that R200K Gα13 hyperactivates the YAP signalling pathway. All these changes appear to affect cell migration and adhesion but not the proliferation. Our results suggest that hypopigmentation can result from a defect in melanosome transfer to keratinocytes due to cell shape alterations. These findings highlight the interaction between heterotrimeric G proteins and the RHOA pathway, and their role in melanocyte function.
Reduced temporal variability of cortical excitation/inhibition ratio in schizophrenia
Authors: Racz Frigyes Samuel , Farkas Kinga , Becske Melinda , Molnar Hajnalka , Fodor Zsuzsanna , Mukli Peter , Csukly Gabor
Published: February 2025

Altered neural excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance has long been suspected as a potential underlying cause for clinical symptoms in schizophrenia (SZ). Recent methodological advancements linking the spectral slope (β) of neurophysiological recordings – such as them electroencephalogram (EEG) – to E/I ratio provided much-needed tools to better understand this plausible relationship. Importantly, most approaches treat E/I ratio as a stationary feature in a single scaling range. On the other hand, previous research indicates that this property might change over time, as well as it can express different characteristics in low- and high-frequency regimes. In line, in this study we analyzed resting-state EEG recordings from 30 patients with SZ and 31 healthy controls (HC) and characterized E/I ratio via β separately for low- (1–4 Hz) and high- (20–45 Hz) frequency regimes in a time-resolved manner. Results from this analysis confirmed the bimodal nature of power spectra in both HC and SZ, with steeper spectral slopes in the high- compared to low-frequency ranges. We did not observe any between-group differences in stationary (i.e., time-averaged) neural signatures, however, the temporal variance of β in the 20–45 Hz regime was significantly reduced in SZ patients when compared to HC, predominantly over regions corresponding to the dorsal attention network. Furthermore, this alteration was found correlated to positive clinical symptom scores. Our study indicates that altered E/I ratio dynamics are a characteristic trait of SZ that reflect pathophysiological processes involving the parietal and occipital cortices, potentially responsible for some of the clinical features of the disorder.
Chromosome-level genome assembly for the ecologically and economically important alga Saccharina japonica
Authors: Li Xiaodong , Li Yu-Long , Zhong Chenhui , Li Jing , Su Li , Liu Jin-Xian , Pang Shaojun
Published: February 2025

Saccharina japonica is a major kelp species of brown algae with the highest production among aquaculture seaweeds and holds important ecological and economic value. Despite advancements in domestication, a high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly is needed to assist its genetic improvement. Previous genome assemblies of S. japonica were either on a draft-level or highly fragmented. Here, we generated a high-quality chromosome-level genome for the female sporophyte using PacBio sequencing and Hi-C. The genome is 516.11 Mb, with contig N50 length of 491.30 Kb and scaffold N50 length of 16.24 Mb, anchored into 32 pseudo-chromosomes. Repetitive elements constituted 45.07% of the genome, and 17,739 protein-coding genes were predicted, of which 82% were functionally annotated. This genome provides a crucial resource for biotechnological advances in S. japonica breeding and offers insights into the ecology and evolution of brown algae.
The power spectrum and functional connectivity characteristics of resting-state EEG in patients with generalized anxiety disorder
Authors: Wang Hangwei , Mou Shaoqi , Pei Xuedan , Zhang Xiaomei , Shen Shanhong , Zhang Jianfeng , Shen Xinhua , Shen Zhongxia
Published: February 2025

Recent studies have suggested a relationship between abnormal neurophysiological functions and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). However, studies on its electrophysiological characteristics, such as its power spectrum and functional connectivity are relatively few and scattered than those on other mental disorders (e.g., depression, ADHD, etc.). The present study aims to reveal the multidimensional electrophysiological characteristics of GAD via comparative analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) data between GAD patients and healthy controls. Specifically, resting-state EEG, with a duration of 10 min, was recorded from 98 GAD patients and 92 healthy control participants. The electrophysiological characteristics, including the power spectrum, alpha asymmetry, and functional connectivity, were extracted and compared between the two groups. The results revealed significantly increased beta-band activity; decreased ipsilateral fronto-temporal and parieto-temporal functional connectivities in the lower frequency bands (theta–beta band); as well as decreased frontal‒parietal and frontal‒occipital connectivities in the higher frequency bands (beta‒gamma band) in GAD patients. Additionally, alpha asymmetry analysis revealed a significantly greater rightward temporal alpha asymmetry in GAD patients. These findings suggest the existence of significant EEG characteristics in patients with GAD, supporting previous conclusions regarding abnormal neurophysiological functions in psychiatric disorders and potentially leading to the identification of biomarkers for clinical diagnosis.
Digital workflow optimization of van der Waals methods for improved halide perovskite solar materials
Authors: Rêgo Celso R. C. , Wenzel Wolfgang , Piotrowski Maurício J. , Dias Alexandre C. , Maciel de Oliveira Bastos Carlos , de Araujo Luis O. , Guedes-Sobrinho Diego
Published: February 2025

By varying organic cations and employing improved DFT approaches based on open-source SimStack workflow to streamline massive data handling, we uncovered how chemical changes shift the thermodynamic stability and band gaps of halide perovskites.
Straw mineralization and carbon dioxide emissions in soils with different salinity levels
Authors: Shi Cailing , Zhang Jing , Zhang Haibo , Xu Lei , Xie Wenjun , Li Weiming , Zhang Lichang , Sun Yu
Published: February 2025

Soil salinization inhibited straw mineralization and induced a priming effect. The peak straw mineralization and priming effect occurred earlier with increasing soil salinity.
Polyimide nanocomposites for next generation spacesuits
Authors: Prakash Priyanka , Weerasinghe Janith , Levchenko Igor , Prasad Karthika , Alexander Katia
Published: February 2025

Polyimides have a long history of use in space missions, with Kapton® being the first polymer material to touch the surface of the Moon. Polyimides offer remarkable mechanical strength, superior...
Overexpression of a pathway-specific transcriptional factor CicD leads to the discovery of new phytotoxins in Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: Liu Xiaolin , Hou Jinda , Wang Lang , Yu Jing , Hou Xuewen , Zhou Luning , Zhang Falei , Che Qian , Zhu Tianjiao , Li Dehai , Zhang Guojian
Published: February 2025

A NRPKS gene cluster cic in Aspergillus nidulans was activated by overexpression of the pathway-specific transcriptional factor CicD.
Effect of honey, as a natural deep eutectic solvent, on the phytochemical stability and anti-inflammatory activity of Eurycoma longifolia Jack
Authors: Sitthisak Chanakan , Jomrit Juntratip , Chunglok Warangkana , Putalun Waraporn , Kanchanapoom Tripetch , Juengwatanatrakul Thaweesak , Yusakul Gorawit
Published: February 2025

The bioactive compounds and anti-inflammatory properties of EL were preserved after honey treatment, indicating that honey-treated EL is a potential natural treatment for inflammatory conditions.
A refined mechanistic model for swelling kinetics of starch granules
Authors: Li Botong , Mo Lanxin , Narsimhan Vivek , Narsimhan Ganesan , Frostad John M.
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the gelatinization of individual starch granules using numerical simulations, validated against microscopy data from a ParCS apparatus.
Technoeconomic analysis of an integrated camelina straw-based pellet and ethanol production system
Authors: Dao Cuong N. , Tabil Lope G. , Mupondwa Edmund , Dumonceaux Tim , Li Xue , Dalai Ajay K.
Published: February 2025

Producing pellets, mushrooms, and bioethanol using microbial pretreatment of camelina straw has been proven to be economically feasible.
Reagent-assisted regio-divergent cyclization synthesis of pyrazole
Authors: Pang Mengdi , Ramazani Ali , Zhang Zhengguo , Zhang Guoying
Published: February 2025

The present study reveals a practical one-pot base-promoted regio-divergent cyclization of hydrazines with alkynyl silane under mild conditions, facilitating the synthesis of diverse pyrazoles in good yields with exceptional selectivity.
A focus on copper depletion-induced cuproptosis for cancer therapy
Authors: Zhang Hongjie
Published: February 2025

Cuproptosis occurs via copper overaccumulation and depletion. While overaccumulation is well studied, depletion is less so. Here, copper depletion-induced cuproptosis is examined (Zhou et al., Chem. Sci., 2025, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SC04712E).
Chronic Dizziness and Positional Symptoms: An Exploration of Symptom Clusters and Participant-Reported Experiences
Authors: Hollins Brandy L. , Piker Erin G. , McCaslin Devin L. , Kush Joseph M. , Mathiassen Joachim , Huijnen Jos
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

This mixed-methods design (a) quantitatively describes the symptom cluster assignments of patients with chronic dizziness who completed a dizziness triage questionnaire and (b) qualitatively explains patient-reported themes associated with the most frequently assigned symptom cluster.

Method:

A retrospective hybrid explanatory mixed-methods design was implemented to examine an artificial intelligence dizziness triage questionnaire posted online in a vestibular disorders support group from June 2021 to November 2022. Symptom cluster assignments are described in 791 participants. In the qualitative analysis, emerging codes were identified in the dominant symptom cluster in 50 participants.

Results:

Quantitative analysis identified a total of 301 symptom cluster combinations. The analysis from 791 participants revealed that females exhibited more symptom clusters than males, age impacted symptoms inversely, and longer duration of symptom history exhibited more symptom clusters. “Positional” was the most common symptom cluster among 50 participants. Of those 50, six major themes emerged from the data: (a) physical symptoms, (b) cognitive symptoms, (c) triggers, (d) temporal information, (e) management, and (f) emotions.

Conclusions:

The results from this study emphasize the complexity and variability of chronic dizziness. Comprehensive patient assessments that combine questionnaires with clinical expertise and patient dialogue are needed to improve diagnosis and management.
The Configuration of Hearing Loss Simulation Modulates Mismatch Responses and Discrimination to Mandarin Lexical Tone Contrasts
Authors: Cheng Ying-Ying , Lee Chia-Ying
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

Objective measures of auditory capacity in the hearing loss population are crucial for cross-checking behavioral measures. Mismatch negativity (MMN) is an auditory event-related potential component indexing automatic change detection and reflecting speech discrimination performance. MMN can potentially serve as an objective measure of speech discrimination. This study examined whether the audibility of stimuli modulates MMN to Mandarin lexical tone contrasts by analyzing hearing loss simulation (HLS) in adults with normal hearing.

Method:

The configurations of HLS were the between-subjects variable, with the sloping HLS simulating high-frequency hearing loss (more severe hearing loss at frequencies > 1000 Hz) and the rising HLS simulating low-frequency hearing loss. An AX discrimination task was used to measure the lexical tone discrimination by calculating
d
′. A multideviant oddball paradigm with large (high-level vs. low-dipping tones, T1–T3) and small (high-rising vs. low-dipping tones, T2–T3) deviant contrasts was employed to examine whether deviant size affects MMN sensitivity to stimuli's audibility.

Results:

The results showed that the T1–T3 change elicited MMN in the sloping and rising HLS groups. The T2–T3 change elicited MMN in the sloping HLS group but a positive mismatch response in the rising HLS group. Furthermore, regression analysis indicates that more negative mismatch responses to T2–T3 predict better performance in discriminating T2–T3 contrasts.

Conclusions:

MMN to the T2–T3 change is sensitive to reduced audibility at frequencies lower than 1000 Hz. This suggests that MMN has the potential to serve as an objective assessment for evaluating lexical tone discrimination in people with hearing loss.
Conceptual Model and Content Validity of the Voice and Communication Situation Questionnaire Developed With and for Transgender and Gender-Diverse People Presumed Female at Birth
Authors: Hancock Adrienne B. , Azul David , Chennupati Sindhu , Sediqi Nicole , Nyberg Jill , Nygren Ulrika
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) people and their communication wishes are diverse and heterogeneous, so it is important to understand the situation and goals of each person individually when they arrive for professional interventions. This article describes the development and content validation of the Voice and Communication Situation Questionnaire developed with and for TGD people presumed female at birth (VCSQ
PFAB
).

Method:

Phase 1 included a transdisciplinary literature review and an initial draft of a questionnaire designed to collect self-reports of sociocultural positioning, voice and communication function, and well-being of TGD people presumed female at birth (PFAB). Phase 2 involved collection of information and feedback on the draft questionnaire via focus groups of 31 members of the PFAB community in Germany, Sweden, and the United States.

Results:

Revisions were based on the feedback from all focus groups and consensus within the research team. Feedback highlighted the need to develop a clear approach to introducing the questionnaire to respondents and to provide support during its completion so that self-ratings and descriptions capture the client perspective regarding categories built into the questionnaire.

Conclusions:

The final draft of the VCSQ
PFAB
provides an adequate framework for a person-centered and culturally responsive approach to working with TGD people PFAB. The tool is now ready to be piloted in clinical settings and statistically analyzed for further psychometric properties.
Speech Perception in Noise and Cognitive Skills in Children With Varying Degrees of Music Training
Authors: Castleberry Kaylee , Amato Alexandra , Benítez-Barrera Carlos R.
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

This registered report aimed to replicate previous findings showing that years of music training predicts speech-perception-in-noise (SPIN) skills in children. In addition, it aimed to investigate whether the musician SPIN advantage is influenced by cognitive factors such as general intelligence or working memory.

Method:

Following planned sample size estimations and analyses, 62 school-age children with varying degrees of music training participated in the study. Children's general intelligence quotients, working memory, and SPIN skills were assessed during one visit to our laboratory. We implemented hierarchical multiple regression analyses to examine the study aims.

Results:

Our regression analyses indicated that years of instrument training did not significantly account for variance in SPIN skills. The explanatory power of our model was enhanced only when working memory, particularly auditory working memory, was included as a predictor. Auditory working memory was associated with both SPIN skills and years of instrument training.

Conclusions:

Our study was unable to replicate previous findings that linked years of instrument training to SPIN skills in childhood. This suggests caution regarding prior claims that music training can be used with children to optimize learning in noisy environments. However, we did find evidence that musicianship is associated with enhanced auditory working memory skills, which could have positive implications for children's lifelong outcomes.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28373786
Estimating the Pathophysiology of Phonotraumatic Vocal Hyperfunction Using Ambulatory Data and a Computational Model
Authors: Parra Jesús A. , Ibarra Emiro J. , Calvache Carlos , Van Stan Jarrad H. , Hillman Robert E. , Zañartu Matías
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

This study uses a voice production model to estimate muscle activation levels and subglottal pressure (P
S
) in patients with phonotraumatic vocal hyperfunction (PVH), based on ambulatory measurements of sound pressure level (SPL) and spectral tilt (H
1
–H
2
). In addition, variations in these physiological parameters are evaluated with respect to different values of the Daily Phonotrauma Index (DPI).

Method:

The study obtained ambulatory voice data from patients diagnosed with PVH and a matched control group. To infer physiological parameters, ambulatory data were mapped onto synthetic data generated by a physiologically relevant voice production model. Inverse mapping strategies involved selecting model simulations that represented ambulatory distributions using stochastic (random) sampling weighted by probability with which different vowels occur in English. A categorical approach assessed the relationship between different values of DPI and changes in estimated physiological parameters.

Results:

Results showed significant differences between the PVH and control groups in key parameters, including statistical moments of H
1
–H
2
, SPL, P
S
, and muscle activity of lateral cricoarytenoid (LCA) and cricothyroid (CT) muscles. Higher DPI values, reflecting more severe PVH, were associated with increased mean LCA activation and decreased LCA variability, along with decreased mean CT activation and increased median P
S
. These findings highlight the relationship between muscle activation patterns, P
S
, and the severity of vocal pathology as indicated by the DPI. It is hypothesized that a major driver of muscle activation and P
S
changes is the variation in maladaptive adjustments (vocal effort) when compensating for the presence of vocal pathology.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrated that noninvasive ambulatory voice data could be used to drive a voice production modeling process, providing valuable insights into underlying physiological parameters associated with PVH. Future research will focus on refining the predictive power of the modeling process and exploring the implications of these findings in further delineating the etiology and pathophysiology of PVH, with the ultimate goal to develop improved methods for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of PVH.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28352720
Hearing Early Opens More Doors: Long-Term Effects of Age at Implantation on Metaphor Comprehension in Adolescents and Young Adults With Cochlear Implants
Authors: Dahlby-Skoog Malin , Kalandadze Tamara , Karltorp Eva , Lyxell Björn , Löfkvist Ulrika
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

There is solid evidence that an early age at cochlear implantation, which reduces the period of auditory deprivation, positively impacts early spoken language development. However, there is an urgent need for more research to understand the long-term effects of early implantation on higher linguistic skills, such as metaphor comprehension. In this study, we explored metaphor comprehension in Swedish-speaking adolescents and young adults with cochlear implant (CI), compared to that of typically hearing peers, as well as its relationship with the age at first CI.

Method:

The participants consisted of 39 individuals who received CI before 30 months of age (
M
age
= 16.9 years, mean age at implant = 15.7 months) and a group of 27 individuals with typical hearing (
M
age
= 14.9 years). To assess metaphor comprehension, we developed a multiple-choice task that was administrated verbally. Standardized tests were used to evaluate vocabulary, reading skills, and nonverbal cognitive skills.

Results:

No significant differences were found in metaphor comprehension or other linguistic or cognitive skills between individuals with CI and the typically hearing peers. Further analysis indicated a moderate negative correlation between metaphor comprehension and age at implantation and other linguistic skills.

Conclusions:

Early-implanted children develop metaphor comprehension comparable to their typically hearing peers, with earlier age at implantation being associated with better metaphor comprehension in adolescence. However, age at implantation only partially explains the variation in metaphor comprehension abilities. Further research is needed to identify other factors that influence the development of metaphor comprehension in individuals with CI.
Correlated spectro-polarimetric study along the Z track in XTE J1701-462 puts constraints on its coronal geometry
Authors: Yu Wei , Bu Qingcui , Doroshenko Victor , Ducci Lorenzo , Ji Long , Zhang Wenda , Santangelo Andrea , Zhang Shuangnan , Waghmare Anand , Ge Mingyu , Huang Yue , Liu Hexin , Tao Lian , Yang Zixu , Zhang Liang , Qu Jinlu
Published: February 2025

In September 2022, the transient neutron star low-mass X-ray binary XTE J1701--462 went into a new outburst. The objective of this work is to examine the evolution of the accretion geometry of XTE J1701--462 by studying the spectro-polarimetric properties along the Z track of this source. The simultaneous observations archived by the Insight -Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT) and the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer ( IXPE ) give us the opportunity to do this. We present a comprehensive X-ray spectro-polarimetric analysis of XTE J1701--462, using simultaneous observations from IXPE Insight -HXMT, and NuSTAR . For IXPE observations, two methods were employed to measure the polarization: a model-independent measurement with PCUBE and a model-dependent polarization-spectral analysis with XSPEC . The corresponding spectra from Insight -HXMT and NuSTAR were studied with two configurations that correspond to the eastern model and western model, respectively. Significant polarization characteristics are detected in XTE J1701--462. The polarization degree shows a decreasing trend along the Z track, reducing from $(4.84±0.37)%$ to $(3.76±0.43)%$ on the horizontal branch and dropping to ≤ 1% on the normal branch. The simultaneous spectral analysis from Insight -HXMT and NuSTAR suggests that the evolution of the PD is closely linked to changes in the covering factor of the Comptonized corona along the Z track.
Magnetic disk winds in protoplanetary disks:. Description of the model and impact on global disk evolution
Authors: Kadam Kundan , Vorobyov Eduard , Woitke Peter , Basu Shantanu , van Terwisga Sierk
Published: February 2025

Canonically, a protoplanetary disk is thought to undergo (gravito-)viscous evolution wherein the angular momentum of the accreting material is transported outward. However, several lines of reasoning suggest that the turbulent viscosity in a typical protoplanetary disk is insufficient to drive the observed accretion rates. An emerging paradigm suggests that radially extended magnetic disk winds, which transport angular momentum vertically, may play a crucial role in disk evolution. We propose a global model of magnetic wind-driven accretion for the evolution of protoplanetary disks in the thin-disk limit based on the insights gained from local shearing box simulations. In this paper, we aim to develop this model and constrain the model parameters with the help of theoretical expectations and through comparison with observations. The magnetic wind is characterized with the associated loss of angular momentum and mass, and we modeled these with fitting formulae that depend on the local disk conditions and stellar properties. We incorporated the disk winds self-consistently in the numerical magnetohydrodynamic code FEOSAD and studied the formation and long-term evolution of protoplanetary disks. We included disk self-gravity and an adaptive turbulent α that depends on the local ionization balance, while the co-evolution of a two-part dusty component was also considered. We obtained synthetic observations via detailed modeling with the radiation thermo-chemical code ProDiMo The models that include disk winds satisfy the general expectations from both theory and observations. The disk wind parameters can be guided by observational constraints, and the synthetic observations resulting from such a model compare favorably with the selected ALMA survey data of Class II disks. The proposed magnetic disk wind model is a significant step forward in the direction of representing a more complete disk evolution, wherein the disk experiences concurrent torques from viscous, gravitational, and magnetic wind processes.
Stellar populations from H-band VLT spectroscopy in a sample of seven active galaxies
Authors: Marquez I. , Boisson C. , Joly M. , Pelat D. , Durret F.
Published: February 2025

The relationship between an active galactic nucleus (AGN) and its host galaxy is still far from being understood. Properties of the host galaxies of Seyfert nuclei, such as luminosity concentration, morphological type, metallicity, and age of the stellar population, are expected to be related with nuclear activity -- either at the epoch of galaxy formation or at the present day via feeding of the central black hole. In this paper, we investigate whether stellar ages and metallicities are linked to the activity within the nucleus in a sample of AGNs of various types. Our sample includes seven AGNs, from Seyfert 1 to LINERs, observed with VLT/ISAAC and VLT/SINFONI. Based on an inverse method using a stellar library, we analysed H band infrared spectra, in a wavelength region devoid of emission lines, at a spectral resolution of ≈3000, in the few central 100 pc. Hubble Space Telescope images were used to visualise the regions defined in each galaxy. For each galaxy, we give the results of the spectral synthesis, in particular the percentages of the stellar, power law, and black-body continua, and the percentages of various stellar types that account for the stellar lines. Out of the seven galaxies, three show strong and recent star formation in the inner 100 pc, while no star formation is detected in the three genuine Seyfert 2 galaxies. Beyond a radius of 100 pc, all show more or less recent star formation. Moreover, we can conclude that the star formation history of the inner nucleus is highly heterogeneous.
Hertzsprung gap stars in nearby galaxies and the quest for luminous red nova progenitors
Authors: Tranin Hugo , Blagorodnova Nadejda , Karambelkar Viraj , Groot Paul J. , Bloemen Steven , Vreeswijk Paul M. , Pieterse Danielle L.A. , van Roestel Jan
Published: February 2025

After the main sequence phase, stars more massive than 2.5 M_⊙ rapidly evolve through the Hertzsprung gap as yellow giants and yellow supergiants (YSGs) before settling into the red giant branch. Identifying Hertzsprung gap stars in nearby galaxies is crucial for pinpointing progenitors of luminous red novae (LRNe) -- astrophysical transients attributed to stellar mergers. In the era of extensive transient surveys like the Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), this approach offers a new way to predict and select common envelope transients. This study investigates potential progenitors and precursors of LRNe by analysing Hubble Space Telescope (HST) photometry of stellar populations in galaxies within ∼20 Mpc to identify YSG candidates. Additionally, we use the Zwicky Transient Facility and MeerLICHT/BlackGEM to identify possible precursors, preparing for future observations by the LSST. We compiled a sample of 369 galaxies with HST exposures in the F475W, F555W, F606W, and F814W filters. We identified YSG candidates using MESA stellar evolution tracks and statistical analysis of colour-magnitude diagrams. Our sample includes 154,494 YSG candidates with masses between $3 M_⊙$ and $20 M_⊙$ and is affected by various contaminants, notably foreground stars and extinguished main sequence stars. After excluding foreground stars using Gaia proper motions, contamination is estimated at 1% from foreground stars (based on TRILEGAL simulations) and ∼20% from extinction affecting main sequence stars. Combining our YSG candidates with time-domain catalogues yielded several interesting candidates. In particular, we identified 12 LRN precursor candidates for which follow-up is encouraged. We highlight the importance of monitoring future transients that match YSG candidates to avoid missing potential LRNe and other rare transients. LSST will be a game changer in the search for LRN progenitors and precursors; it is predicted to discover over 300,000 new YSG candidates and 100 LRN precursors within 20 Mpc.
Coronal energy release by MHD avalanches. III. Identification of a reconnection outflow from a nanoflare
Authors: Cozzo G. , Pagano P. , Reale F. , Testa P. , Petralia A. , Martinez-Sykora J. , Hansteen V. , De Pontieu B.
Published: February 2025

Outflows perpendicular to the guide field are believed to be a possible signature of magnetic reconnection in the solar corona. Specifically, outflows can help detect the occurrence of ubiquitous small-angle magnetic reconnection. The aim of this work is to identify possible diagnostic techniques of such outflows in hot coronal loops with the Atmospheric Image Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory and the forthcoming MUltislit Solar Explorer (MUSE), in a realistically dynamic coronal loop environment where a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) avalanche is occurring. We considered a 3D MHD model of two magnetic flux tubes, including a stratified, radiative, and thermal-conducting atmosphere, twisted by footpoint rotation. The faster rotating flux tube becomes kink-unstable and soon involves the other one in the avalanche. The turbulent decay of this magnetic structure on a global scale leads to the formation, fragmentation, and dissipation of current sheets, driving impulsive heating akin to a nanoflare storm. We captured a clear outflow from a reconnection episode soon after the initial avalanche and synthesised its emission as detectable with AIA and MUSE. The outflow has a maximum temperature around 8 total energy of erg $, velocity of a few hundred km/s, and duration of less than 1 min. We show the emission in the AIA 94 Å channel ( line) and in the MUSE 108 Å spectral line. This outflow shares many features with nanojets recently detected at lower temperatures. However, its low emission measure makes its detection difficult with AIA, while Doppler shifts can be measured with MUSE. Conditions become different in the later steady-state phase, when the flux tubes are filled with denser and relatively cooler plasma.
The mass-dependent UVJ diagram at cosmic noon. A challenge for galaxy evolution models and dust radiative transfer
Authors: Gebek Andrea , Diemer Benedikt , Martorano Marco , van der Wel Arjen , Pantoni Lara , Baes Maarten , Gabrielpillai Austen , Utsav Kapoor Anand , Osinga Calvin , Nersesian Angelos , Matsumoto Kosei , Gordon Karl
Published: February 2025

The UVJ color-color diagram is a widely used diagnostic to separate star-forming and quiescent galaxies. Observational data from photometric surveys reveal a strong stellar mass trend, with higher-mass star-forming galaxies being systematically more dust-reddened. We analyze the UVJ diagram in the TNG100 cosmological simulation at cosmic noon (z≈2). Specifically, we focus on the trend between UVJ colors and mass, which has not been reproduced in any cosmological simulation thus far. We applied the SKIRT dust radiative transfer code to the TNG100 simulation to generate rest-frame UVJ fluxes. These UVJ colors were then compared to observational data from several well-studied extragalactic fields from the CANDELS/3D-HST programs, augmented by recent JWST/NIRCam photometry. Quiescent and low-mass (M_⋆ M _⊙) galaxies at cosmic noon do not require significant levels of dust reddening, as opposed to massive (M_ M _⊙) star-forming galaxies. An extensive range of possible dust models fall short of the required dust reddening in textit V J color for massive star-forming galaxies, with the simulated galaxies being too blue by ≈0.9 mathrmmag. We find that only variations in the star-to-dust geometries of the simulated galaxies are able to yield textit V J colors that are red enough to match the observations. A toy model with isolated dust screens around younger stellar populations (with ages below ∼1 can reproduce the observational data, while all "conventional" dust radiative transfer models (where the dust distribution follows the metals in the interstellar medium) fail to achieve the required V J colors.
DES to HSC: Detecting low-surface-brightness galaxies in the Abell 194 cluster using transfer learning
Authors: Thuruthipilly H. , Junais  , Koda J. , Pollo A. , Yagi M. , Yamanoi H. , Komiyama Y. , Romano M. , Małek K. , Donevski D.
Published: February 2025

Low-surface-brightness galaxies (LSBGs) are important for understanding galaxy evolution and cosmological models. Nevertheless, the physical properties of these objects remain unknown, as even the detection of LSBGs can be challenging. Upcoming large-scale surveys are expected to uncover a large number of LSBGs, which will require accurate automated or machine learning-based methods for their detection. We study the scope of transfer learning for the identification of LSBGs. We used transformer models trained on Dark Energy Survey (DES) data to identify LSBGs from dedicated Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) observations of the Abell 194 cluster, which are two magnitudes deeper than DES. A new sample of LSBGs and ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) around Abell 194 was compiled, and their properties were investigated. We used eight models, divided into two categories: LSBG Detection Transformer (LSBG DETR) and LSBG Vision Transformer (LSBG ViT). The data from DES and HSC were standardised based on the pixel-level surface brightness. We used an ensemble of four LSBG DETR models and another ensemble of four LSBG ViT models to detect LSBGs. This was followed by a single-component S'ersic model fit and a final visual inspection to filter out potential false positives and improve sample purity. We present a sample of 171 LSBGs in the Abell 194 cluster using HSC data, including 87 new discoveries. Of these, 159 were identified using transformer models, and 12 additional LSBGs were found through visual inspection. The transformer model achieves a true positive rate of 93% in HSC data without any fine-tuning. Among the LSBGs, 28 were classified as UDGs. The number of UDGs and the radial UDG number density suggests a linear relationship between UDG numbers and cluster mass on a log scale. The UDGs share similar S'ersic parameters with dwarf galaxies and occupy the extended end of the eff -M_g plane, suggesting they might be an extended sub-population of dwarf galaxies. We also found that LSBGs and UDGs near the cluster centre are brighter and redder than those in outer regions. We have demonstrated that transformer models trained on shallower surveys can be successfully applied to deeper surveys with appropriate data normalisation. This approach allows us to use existing data and apply the knowledge to upcoming and ongoing surveys, such as the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) and Euclid.
The Chinese pulsar timing array data release I. Polarimetry for 56 millisecond pulsars
Authors: Xu Jiangwei , Jiang Jinchen , Xu Heng , Wang Bojun , Xue Zihan , Chen Siyuan , Guo Yanjun , Nicolas Caballero R. , Lee Kejia , Yuan Jianping , Xu Yonghua , Wang Jingbo , Hao Longfei , Li Zhixuan , Huang Yuxiang , Xu Zezhong , Luo Jintao , Han Jinlin , Jiang Peng , Shen Zhiqiang , Wang Min , Wang Na , Xu Renxin , Wu Xiangping , Qian Lei , Yue Youling , Guan Xin , Huang Menglin , Sun Chun , Zhu Yan
Published: February 2025

We present polarization pulse profiles for 56 millisecond pulsars (MSPs) monitored by the Chinese Pulsar Timing Array (CPTA) collaboration using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). The observations centered at 1.25 GHz with a raw bandwidth of 500 MHz. Due to the high sensitivity (∼16 K/Jy) of the FAST telescope and our long integration time, the high signal-to-noise ratio polarization profiles show features hardly detected before. Among 56 pulsars, the polarization profiles of PSRs J0406$+$3039, J1327$+$3423, and J2022$+$2534 were not previously reported. 80% of MSPs in the sample show weak components below 3% of peak flux, 25% of pulsars show interpulse-like structures, and most pulsars show linear polarization position angle jumps. Six pulsars seem to be emitting for full rotation phase, with another thirteen pulsars being good candidates for such a 360^∘ radiator. We find that the distribution of the polarization percentage in our sample is compatible with the normal pulsar distribution. Our detailed evaluation of the MSP polarization properties suggests that the wave propagation effects in the pulsar magnetosphere are important in shaping the MSP polarization pulse profiles.
Looking into the faintEst WIth MUSE (LEWIS): Exploring the nature of ultra-diffuse galaxies in the Hydra I cluster. III. Untangling UDG 32 from the stripped filaments of NGC 3314A with multi-wavelength data
Authors: Hartke J. , Iodice E. , Gullieuszik M. , Mirabile M. , Buttitta C. , Doll G. , D'Ago G. , de la Casa C.C. , Hess K.M. , Kotulla R. , Poggianti B. , Arnaboldi M. , Cantiello M. , Corsini E.M. , Falcón-Barroso J. , Forbes D.A. , Hilker M. , Mieske S. , Rejkuba M. , Spavone M. , Spiniello C.
Published: February 2025

UDG 32 is an ultra-diffuse galaxy (UDG) candidate in the Hydra I cluster that was discovered in the extended network of stellar filaments of the jellyfish galaxy NGC 3314A. This jellyfish galaxy is affected by ram pressure stripping and it is hypothesised that UDG 32 may have formed from this stripped material. The aim of this paper is to address whether UDG 32 can be associated with the stripped material of NGC 3314A and to constrain its formation scenario in relation to its environment. We use new integral-field spectroscopic data from the MUSE large programme `LEWIS' in conjunction with deep multi-band photometry to constrain the kinematics of UDG 32 via spectral fitting and its stellar population properties with spectral energy distribution fitting. The new MUSE data allow us to reveal that the stripped material from NGC 3314A, traced by emission lines such as Hα, extends much further from its parent galaxy than previously known, completely overlapping with UDG 32 in projection, and with ram pressure induced star formation. We determine the line-of-sight velocity of UDG 32 to be v_ LOS = 3080±120 km s and confirm that UDG 32 is part of the same kinematic structure as NGC 3314A, the Hydra I cluster south-east subgroup. By fitting the UV and optical spectral energy distribution obtained from deep multi-band photometry, we constrain the stellar population properties of UDG 32. We determine its mass-weighted age to be $7.7^ Gyr $ and its metallicity to be $ M/H $ dex. We confirm the presence of two globular clusters (GCs) in the MUSE field of view, bound to the Hydra I cluster rather than to UDG 32, making them part of the Hydra I intracluster GC population. The metal-rich and intermediate-age nature of UDG 32 points towards its formation from pre-enriched material in the south-east group of the Hydra I cluster that was liberated from a more massive galaxy via tidal or ram-pressure stripping, but we cannot establish a direct link to the ram-pressure stripped material from NGC 3314A.
Tracing the cosmological origin of gas that fuels in situ star formation in TNG50 galaxies
Authors: Wittig Ole , Ramesh Rahul , Nelson Dylan
Published: February 2025

Based on their cosmological origin, the stars of a galaxy can be divided into two categories: those that enter through merger events (ex situ) and those born in the main progenitor (in situ). We used the TNG50 cosmological magnetohydrodynamical simulation and its Lagrangian tracer particles to explore and quantify the origin of gas that ultimately forms the in situ stars of galaxies. We tracked back the baryonic mass contributing to the z=0 in situ stellar populations of galaxies, studying trends in mass from dwarfs to group-scale halos. We find that more massive halos acquire this matter earlier than lower-mass halos, reflecting an overall earlier assembly of their in situ stellar mass. Defining the Lagrangian half-mass radius R_ L, 1/2 of a galaxy as the distance containing half of the mass that will form its in situ stars by z=0, we find that R_ L, 1/2 is larger for more massive halos at early times, reflecting larger "in situ Lagrangian regions." However, the dependence of this radius on halo mass becomes flat at z ≃ 3 and then inverts toward z=0. In addition, R_ L, 1/2 increases rapidly with redshift, surpassing the virial radii of halos at z ∼ 2. This marks the cosmic epoch at which most of the gas that eventually forms the in situ stars of galaxies leaves the intergalactic medium (IGM) and enters halos, a transition that occurs earlier for more massive halos. The formation redshift of the in situ stellar component increases with halo mass, while the formation redshift of the dark matter halo decreases, indicative of a differential assembly history between these two components. Finally, we decomposed the z=0 in situ stellar mass into its distinct modes of accretion. Smooth accretion from the IGM is the most important for low-mass galaxies, while mergers and satellite-stripped gas become relevant and even dominant only for high-mass galaxies.
Localizing short-period pulsations in hard X-rays and γ-rays during an X9.0 flare
Authors: Li Dong
Published: February 2025

Context. The feature of quasi-periodic pulsations (QPPs) is frequently observed in the light curve of solar and stellar flares. However, the short-period QPP is rarely reported in the high energy range of hard X-rays (HXRs) and γ-rays.

Aims. We investigated the QPP at a shorter period of about 1 s in high-energy channels of HXRs and γ-ray continuum during an X9.0 flare on October 3, 2024 (SOL2024-10-03T12:08).

Methods. The X9.0 flare was simultaneously measured by the Hard X-ray Imager (HXI), the Konus-Wind (KW), and the Spectrometer/Telescope for Imaging X-rays (STIX). The shorter period was determined by the fast Fourier transform with a Bayesian-based Markov Chain Monte Carlo and the wavelet analysis method. The HXR images were restructured from HXI and STIX observations.

Results. The flare QPP at a shorter period of about 1 s was simultaneously observed in HXI 20–50 keV, 50–80 keV, and 80–300 keV, and KW 20–80 keV, 80–300 keV, and 300–1200 keV during the impulsive phase of the white-light flare. The restructured images show that the HXR sources are mainly separated into two fragments, regarding as double footpoints. Moreover, the footpoints move significantly during the flare QPP. Our results suggest that the intermittent and impulsive energy releases during the powerful flare are mainly caused by the interaction of hot plasma loops that are rooted in double footpoints.

Conclusion. We localized the flare QPP at a shorter period of about 1 s in HXR and γ-ray continuum emissions during a white-light flare, which is well explained by the interacting loop model.