bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) Berbasis Literasi Sains Pada Materi Pencemaran Lingkungan
Authors: Mudumi Sahfitri , Irianti Mustika , Kumalasari Lina
Published: January 2025

Pengembangan bahan ajar berupa Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Berbasis Literasi Sains pada materi Pencemaran Lingkungan di SMP Negeri 01 Raja Ampat telah dilakukan untuk mengatasi permasalahan kekurangan penggunaan bahan dan sumber  pembelajaran terkhususnya yang berbasiskan Literasi Sains disekolah tersebut. Tujuan terlaksanaanya penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai kelayakan berupa kevalidan, keefektifan dan kepraktisan LKPD Berbasis Literasi Sains yang telah dikembangkan serta  mengukur keefektifan penggunaan LKPD Berbasis Literasi Sains terhadap pengetahuan peserta didik pada materi pencemaran lingkungan. LKPD Berbasis Literasi Sains dikembangkan dengan menggunakan model ADDIE, yang mencakup lima tahapan pengembangan, yaitu analisis (analysis), desain (design), pengembangan (development), penerapan (implementation), dan evaluasi (evaluation). Data pada penelitian ini dikumpulkan dengan penggunaan angket validasi, angket respon siswa serta soal pretest dan posttest. Berdasarkan hasil validasi menunjukkan bahwa LKPD Berbasis Literasi Sains pada materi Pencemaran Lingkungan mendapatkan tingkat validasi dari ahli materi sebesar 96,43% dengan kriteria sangat layak, dan dari ahli media sebesar 85,83% yang juga dengan kriteria sangat layak. Adapun hasil keefektifan LKPD Berbasis Literasi Sains diperoleh hasil belajar peserta didik dengan kategori Tinggi dengan perolehan nilai n-gain ≥ 0,7. Respon peserta didik  menunjukan bahwa sebanyak 12 peserta didik memberikan respon positif terhadap penggunaan LKPD Berbasis Literasi Sains dengan presetase 95%. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan LKPD Berbaisis Literasi dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran.
Profile of Ecoliteracy Ability of Science Students On Environmental Issues
Authors: Taufik Annisa Novianti , Berlian Liska , Wahyuni Ajeng Restu , Khofifah Mia
Published: January 2025

ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran tentang profil kemampuan ekoliterasi mahasiswa dalam konteks isu lingkungan seperti sampah, kerusakan hutan dan perubahan iklim. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif untuk memperoleh informasi terkait tingkat keterampilan ekoliterasi mahasiswa semester IV. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan random sampling dengan jumlah 27 orang mahasiswa IPA Angkatan 2022. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah penilaian diri yang menyesuaikan dengan indikator penilaian memelihara kelestarian lingkungan, menggunakan energi dengan baik dan memanfaatkan sumber daya yang ada dengan prinsip ekologi. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa tingkat keterampilan ekoliterasi mahasiswa memperoleh rata-rata persentase sebesar  71% dan berada pada kategori baik. Temuan ini menunjukkan sebagian besar mahasiswa telah memiliki pemahaman ekoliterasi dan mampu mempraktikkanya dengan baik melalui tindakan yang berorientasi pada nilai keberlanjutan.
Kata kunci: Kemampuan Ekoliterasi; Isu Lingkungan; Keberlanjutan.
Pengembangan E-Modul Interaktif Berbasis Case Study Pada Materi Sistem Sirkulasi Darah Untuk Siswa Kelas XI SMA
Authors: Septia Adela Eka , Hamidah Afreni , Sadikin Ali
Published: January 2025

Perkembangan IPTEK di Indonesia mendorong inovasi pendidikan, termasuk penggunaan teknologi dalam pembelajaran sesuai Kurikulum Merdeka. Modul cetak yang digunakan kurang efektif dalam visualisasi proses biologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan media pembelajaran yakni e-modul interaktif berbasis case study materi sistem sirkulasi darah, kemudian menganalisis kelayakan media, menganalisis persepsi guru dan peserta didik atas produk yang telah dikembangkan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development) menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE yang terdiri atas Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement dan Evaluation. Jenis data penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Instrumen pengumpul data yang digunakan adalah angket validasi ahli materi dan ahli media untuk mengetahui kelayakan produk, angket persepsi guru dan peserta didik yang disebarkan kepada kelompok kecil berjumlah 6 peserta didik dan kelompok besar 27 peserta didik. Hasil penelitian menunjukan e-modul interaktif berbasis case study yang telah melalui tahap validasi materi diperoleh persentase sebesar 91,6% dengan kategori “sangat layak”, tahap validasi media diperoleh persentase sebesar 96,25% dengan kategori “sangat layak”. Hasil persepsi guru biologi diperoleh persentase 91,25% termasuk pada kategori “sangat baik”. Hasil persepsi ujicoba kelompok kecil sebesar 92,29% termasuk kategori “baik” dan ujicoba kelompok besar sebesar 93,05% termasuk kategori “sangat baik”. Maka disimpulkan bahwa pengembangan e-modul interaktif berbasis case study layak, praktis dan efektif digunakan dalam pembelajaran biologi materi sistem sirkulasi darah
Analisis Konsep Fisika pada Proses Pembuatan Batik Gambo Musi Banyuasin
Authors: AJ Suharli , M. Furqon  , Kriswantoro  , Ulfah Fadilla , Siregar Dwi Rayana
Published: January 2025

Fisika merupakan cabang ilmu pengetahuan alam yang mempelajari berbagai fenomena alam, termasuk materi dan energi, serta interaksi di antara keduanya. Dalam pembelajaran di sekolah, siswa sering mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami konsep fisika karena sifatnya teoritis dan tidak kontekstual. Pendekatan pembelajaran berbasis kontekstual, seperti etnofisika, menjadi salah satu solusi untuk membuat fisika lebih menarik dan relevan. Etnofisika mengintegrasikan konsep-konsep fisika dengan kearifan lokal. Salah satu kearifan lokal di Musi Banyuasin adalah batik gambo. Proses pembuatan batik gambo memiliki berbagai potensi untuk dianalisis dalam konsep fisika selama tahapan produksi. Maka dari itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis konsep fisika pada proses pembuatan batik gambo. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif berupa study literature dengan pendekatan etnofisika. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh melalui analisis konsep-konsep fisika, seperti perpindahan kalor, tekanan, kapilaritas, dan adhesi, yang terlibat dalam proses pembuatan batik gambo. Kajian konsep fisika ini tidak hanya memudahkan dalam pemahaman teroritis, tetapi juga menjadi sarana pembelajaran yang konstektual dan menarik bagi siswa, sekaligus mendukung peningkatan literasi ilmiah.
The Use of Telang Flower Extract (Clitoria ternatea L.) as a Natural Universal pH Indicator coupled with Digital Image Colorimetry
Authors: Esterlin  , Nursaadah Euis , Wardana Rendy W. , Firdaus M. Lutfi
Published: January 2025

The acid base indicators commonly used by scientists are mostly synthetic indicators that are harmful for the environment.Moreover, chemists need various chemicals to detect broad pH ranges for acid and base samples solution.  The aim of this research was to create a natural universal pH indicator from telang flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) extract coupled with the digital image detection. The universal pH indicator is very important in education chemistry that broadly used for titration and other class room chemical experiments. This process of making a natural universal pH indicator integrated with digital images meets green chemistry criteria that use environmentally friendly materials and technology. The results show that color absorption data at pH 1-2 are purple, pH 3-5 are violet, pH 6-10 are blue, pH 11-12 are green and pH 13-14 are yellow. RGB intensity digital image data shows the intensity of the red color increases in the pH range 6-11, while the intensity of the green and blue colors tends to be stable. The proposed method was validated using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and conventional pH meter that give the comparable results.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Awareness training Berbantuan e-LKPD untuk Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Peserta Didik
Authors: Olivia Maria Afrini , Wea Kristiana Nathalia , Riong Maria Bernadeta Dua
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini dilakukan berangkat dari hasil observasi yang diperoleh yaitu kurangnya minat belajar fisika peserta didik di sekolah serta peserta didik lebih sering menggunakan handphone selama proses pembelajaran fisika di kelas. Penelitian bertujuan untuk melihat minat peserta didik dalam mengikuti pembelajaran fisika dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran awareness training berbantuan media e-LKPD. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan instruman yang digunakan berupa angket minat belajar peserta didik. Sebelum angket digunakan dilakukan validasi terlebih dahulu. Insrumen dinyatakan valid dan laying digunakan dengan nilai indeks Aiken V sebesar 0,81. Hasil dari penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa pembelajaran fisika dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran awareness training berbantuan media e-LKPD dapat membuat peserta didik berminat untuk mengikuti pembelajaran fisika. Hal ini dapat dilihat tadi hasil angket yang diperoleh sebesar 89,69% yang berada dalam kategori sangan berminat.
Influence of Blood Pressure and Heart Rate on PWV Measurement: Assessment Under Real-Time Blood Pressure Monitoring
Authors: Liu J , An B , Shi B , Li X , Qian L
Published: January 2025

Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) is widely used to assess arterial elasticity and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but it is influenced by multiple factors. Objective is to assess the impact of blood pressure and heart rate on PWV. Twenty healthy young individuals were enlisted as subjects. Real-time blood pressure monitoring was performed by non-invasive continuous blood pressure measuring instrument during the detection of subjects' carotid PWV. During real-time blood pressure monitoring, exercise load caused fluctuations in blood pressure and heart rate, and PWV changes of each subject under different blood pressure and heart rate conditions were recorded simultaneously. Among the 20 subjects, PWV was associated with blood pressure in four subjects and heart rate in one subject. PWV increased with rising blood pressure when the systolic pressure fluctuation range was ≥30mmHg, diastolic pressure fluctuation range was ≥18mmHg, and mean arterial pressure fluctuation range was ≥20mmHg. PWV increased with rising heart rate, when the heart rate fluctuation range was >30 beats/min. Blood pressure and heart rate have some influence on PWV. However, the fluctuation range of blood pressure and heart rate should reach a certain value, the impact is significant.
Factors Associated with Resilience Family Caregiver of Patients with Dementia
Authors: Rohayati Rohayati , Pradana Anung Ahadi
Published: January 2025

Aims: Dementia represents a critical public health issue. Family caregivers play a vital role in providing care due to limited healthcare resources, yet they face significant bio-psycho-social challenges that impact their resilience. Understanding the factors influencing caregiver resilience is crucial for developing targeted interventions.
Objective: This study aimed to analyze factors associated with the resilience of family caregivers of PwD in Bekasi City, Indonesia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 42 family caregivers of PwD. Resilience was measured using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed to examine associations between demographic characteristics, caregiving duration, dementia knowledge, and resilience.
Results: The majority of caregivers were female (71.4%), aged 18–59 years (83.3%), and unemployed (71.4%). Most caregivers had a moderate level of resilience (71.4%), while 28.6% demonstrated high resilience. Bivariate analysis showed no significant associations between resilience and demographic factors, including gender, age, education level, employment status, caregiving duration, and dementia-related knowledge (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: Resilience among caregivers is not significantly influenced by demographic variables, highlighting the importance of focusing on psychosocial and environmental factors to strengthen resilience. Future efforts should prioritize community-based interventions, stress management programs, and social support systems to enhance the well-being of caregivers and the quality of care for PwD.
Subtle changes in Purkinje cell firing in Purkinje cell-specific Dyt1 ΔGAG knock-in mice
Authors: Xing Hong , Girdhar Pallavi , Liu Yuning , Yokoi Fumiaki , Vaillancourt David E. , Li Yuqing
Published: January 2025

DYT1 dystonia is an inherited early-onset generalized dystonia characterized by sustained muscle contractions causing abnormal, repetitive movements or postures. Most DYT1 patients have a heterozygous trinucleotide GAG deletion (ΔGAG) in DYT1/TOR1A, coding for torsinA. Dyt1 heterozygous ΔGAG knock-in (KI) mice or global KI mice show motor deficits and abnormal Purkinje cell firing. However, Purkinje cell-specific heterozygous ΔGAG conditional KI mice (Pcp2-KI) show improved motor performance, reduced sensory-evoked brain activation in the striatum and midbrain, and reduced functional connectivity of the striatum with the anterior medulla. Whether Pcp2-KI mice show similar abnormal Purkinje cell firing as the global KI mice, suggesting a cell-autonomous effect causes the abnormal Purkinje cell firing in the global KI mice, is unknown. We used acute cerebellar slice recording in Pcp2-KI mice to address this issue. The Pcp2-KI mice exhibited no changes in spontaneous firing and intrinsic excitability compared to the control mice. While membrane properties were largely unchanged, the resting membrane potential was slightly hyperpolarized, which was associated with decreased baseline excitability. Our results suggest that the abnormal Purkinje cell firing in the global KI mice was not cell-autonomous and was caused by physiological changes elsewhere in the brain circuits. Our results also contribute to the ongoing research of how basal ganglia and cerebellum interact to influence motor control in normal states and movement disorders.
System- and fish-size-specific reference intervals for plasma analytes in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) reared in commercial fresh- and saltwater recirculating aquaculture systems: a descriptive study
Authors: Amlie Thomas , Persson David , Nørstebø Simen Foyn , Østvik Asgeir , Stormoen Marit , Evensen Øystein
Published: January 2025

Introduction

In aquaculture, clinical chemistry can be used pre-emptively to manage fish health and for early disease intervention. While less established in farmed fish compared to farmed terrestrial animals, it has been used for salmonid cage farming but is almost non-existent in recirculation aquaculture systems (RAS) for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). In this descriptive study, the level and distribution of selected biochemical plasma analytes from different weight classes of Atlantic salmon reared in commercial RAS facilities maintained in either freshwater or saltwater were determined.

Methods

Facility 1 focused on the production of fry to smolt at a salinity of 0.5-2 ppt, and Facility 2 produced fish from smolt to market size. Four fish groups (FG) were included: FG 1-2 in Facility 1 and FG 3-4 in Facility 2. Fish in Facility 1 were sampled monthly, while fish in Facility 2 were sampled at varying intervals (between 4 and 19 weeks) to determine selected biochemical analytes. The study spanned 100-250 days, depending on the fish group. Biochemical analyses included sodium, chloride, potassium, osmolality, calcium, magnesium, total protein, albumin, and globulin. In addition, water quality parameters measured included temperature, salinity, NH4-N, NO2, NO3, color, turbidity, alkalinity, CO2, H2S, and gas pressure.

Results

Results indicated that selected blood analytes of Atlantic salmon were influenced by the production environment (freshwater or saltwater). In addition, there was an effect of fish weight, but variable for the different analytes. Water quality parameters varied with time and system; however, were within acceptable ranges in both production environments. No clear impact biochemical values were found from variations in water quality parameters.

Discussion

These results underscore the need for future research into system/environment-specific reference intervals and a better understanding of how fish weight impacts clinical chemical parameters. Factors that encompass water quality, management practices, fish strain/batch (i.e., stress tolerance), and the physiological status of the fish need to be considered and can influence obtained reference intervals. A threshold for acceptable prevalence and degree of exterior deviations should be defined. Reference values should then be compared to analyte levels in fish with known diseases to assess the diagnostic value of blood sampling.
The impact of architectural modifications on relative resistance to fluid flow in ventricular catheters
Authors: Madhavan Rajesh Kumar , Faryami Ahmad , Tappen Nathan , Gopalakrishnan Pranav , Ajaz Shaheer H. , Harris Carolyn A.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Although many ventricular catheter designs exist for hydrocephalus treatment, few standardized studies assess outflow resistance and the impact of design modifications on shunt drainage. This study represents the in-vitro assessment of various architectural modifications on catheter flow rate and pressure, focusing on bulk outflow dynamics and occlusion with whole blood-inoculated cerebrospinal fluid.

Methods

Catheters were manufactured utilizing a novel catheter production setup with 16 variations from standard catheters, including but not limited to changes in: hole number, hole dimensions, catheter lumen dimension, and catheter lumen impingement. These catheters were tested in a portable custom-made ventricular catheter testing device to analyze relative resistance to flow between catheter designs. A subset of catheters with varying lumen diameters was tested in 0.30 mL/min saline flow with 2.5% blood to simulate early blood exposure.

Results

With increasing hole and lumen diameter, we found a significant decrease in overall catheter relative resistance using DIH20 (P < 0.001 and P < 0.002 respectively, n = 5). With increasing lumen diameters, blood assays showed a significant increase in the time to complete obstruction (P = 0.027, n = 5). Lumen impingement, representing one obstruction-based pinch point in the lumen, showed a considerable increase in relative resistance as obstruction diameter increased and lumen diameter at the pinch point decreased (P = 0.001, n = 5). Removal of specific catheter hole rows trended toward an increase relative resistance after 75% of catheter holes were blocked, but the effect in relative outflow resistance is otherwise minimal (P > 0.05, n = 5) and no effect was observed with blocking segments.

Conclusion

This study implemented a novel method of rapid catheter manufacturing to systematically produce ventricular catheters with specific catheter architecture. By testing variables independently, we found that catheters with changes to the lumen diameter had the most dramatic shifts in overall relative resistance between catheter designs. Similarly, testing in the acute in-vitro blood assay demonstrated that smaller diameter catheters have a higher propensity to obstruct with blood compared to catheters with larger diameter. Relative resistance impacts fluid outflow efficiency, which may translate to clinical outcomes for hydrocephalus patients. These findings help us understand catheter architectural effects on resistance and inform future designs for specific ventricle morphologies.
Dynamic balance control in healthy young women during stair descent: a plantar pressure-based study
Authors: Wang Ruiqin , Cao Jinfeng , Xu Haoran , Guo Panjing , Li Yumin , Fan Yuyi , Gui Yunfei , Li Leqi , Adams Roger , Han Jia , Lyu Jie
Published: January 2025

Background

Women are more likely to fall or even die when the ladder falls, which seriously affects the quality of daily life. It is necessary to better understand the plantar mechanism of the ladder falls and put forward reasonable suggestions.

Method

Twenty healthy young women volunteered to participate in the experiment. The study used the F-scan plantar pressure to explore the difference in the plantar pressure in the dominance of the leading foot across four step descent height conditions. The landing strategy employed was recorded during the experiment. The Center of Pressure (COP), along with its medial-lateral (ML) and anterior-posterior (AP) adjustment velocities, and the VCOP, RCOP-ML, and RCOP-AP were analyzed.

Result

With an increase in the step height, significant enhancements were observed in the VCOP-ML (p < 0.001), VCOP-AP (p < 0.001), RCOP-ML (p < 0.001), and RCOP-AP (p < 0.001) during landing. There was no significant difference in the kinematic parameters of plantar pressure during stair descent, regardless of whether the dominant foot or non-dominant foot was the leading foot.

Conclusion

This study found that among young women, an increase in step height during descent significantly affected the plantar pressure and led to greater COP adjustment in the directions of ML and AP, increasing the risk of injury. At a step height of 5 cm, the first choice of the landing strategy for female subjects began to change from the hindfoot to the forefoot. Although there were no significant differences in plantar pressure data and landing strategies between subjects using the dominant side and nondominant side as the forefoot, the dominant side forefoot exhibited better postural balance control than the nondominant side forefoot.
Energy efficiency and indoor climatic conditions in buildings: dynamic modeling for systemic improvement
Authors: Bilous Inna , Biriukov Dmytro , Eutukhova Tatiana , Novoseltsev Oleksandr , Voloshchuk Volodymyr , Prozuments Aleksejs
Published: January 2025

Improving the comfort of living and/or working conditions in buildings usually requires an increase in the consumption of energy and building materials, e.g., for thermal modernization, and thus additional economic costs. It is also important to note that this does not always lead to a reduction in overall emissions of pollutants into the environment, taking into account emissions at all stages of the production and use of energy and materials for energy efficiency and comfort in buildings. The paper is devoted to the problems of modelling energy supply systems for buildings, including methods and means of simulating thermal regimes of buildings and their engineering systems, as well as methods and means of modelling the operating modes of heat pumps that can be used in such systems for a coordinated improvement of energy efficiency and indoor climatic conditions in buildings. Based on the developed mathematical models, the dynamic modes of building energy supply systems are studied and recommendations for improving their efficiency are given. The dynamic models of the energy supply system is implemented in the MATLAB/Simscape software environment and the possibilities (schemes) of detailing the components of different types of sources are shown. The obtained results were verified by means of energy models created in the widely used software product EnergyPlus. It was found that, according to the quasi-steady-state method, the deviation of the energy consumption does not exceed 13% and is about 5% in dynamic modes. The possibilities of using a gas boiler and a heat pump as the most common sources of individual energy supply systems for buildings are investigated. It was found that the heat pump has a more flexible load level control. Its use can reduce the instantaneous power value by up to 40%, but the frequency of switching on the pump is much higher (about 4 times) compared to the gas boiler. If the energy sources produce the same amount of energy, the heat pump keeps the temperature within the set range more efficiently, avoiding overheating. In general, the presented energy dynamic building model and its software implementation allow a wide range of researchers to simulate different energy supply systems to ensure proper energy efficiency and indoor climate in a building.
4-Aminoquinoline as a privileged scaffold for the design of leishmanicidal agents: structure–property relationships and key biological targets
Authors: Romero Angel H. , Delgado Francisco
Published: January 2025

Leishmaniasis is one of the most important neglected tropical diseases, with more than two million new cases annually. It is endemic in several regions worldwide, representing a public health problem for more than 88 countries, in particular in the tropical and subtropical regions of developing countries. At the moment, there are neither approved vaccines nor effective drugs for the treatment of human leishmaniasis for any of its three typical clinical manifestations, and, importantly, the drugs of clinical use have several side effects, require complex administration regimens, present high cost, and are ineffective in many populations due to pathogen resistance. Moreover, beyond the pharmacological exigencies, there are other challenges concerning its parasitic nature, such as its great genetic plasticity and adaptability, enabling it to activate a battery of genes to develop resistance quickly. All these aspects demand the identification and development of new, safe, and effective chemical systems, which must not only be focused on medicinal chemistry and pharmacological aspects but also consider key aspects relative to parasite survival.

In this sense, the quinolines and, in particular, 4-aminoquinoline, represent a privileged scaffold for the design of potential leishmanicidal candidates due not only to their versatility to generate highly active and selective compounds but also to their correlation with well-defined biological targets. These facts make it possible to generate safe leishmanicidal agents targeted at key aspects of parasite survival.

The current review summarizes the most current examples of leishmanicidal agents based on 4-aminoquinolines focusing the analysis on two essential aspects: (i) structure–property relationship to identify the key pharmacophores and (ii) mode of action focused on key targets in parasite survival (e.g., depolarization of potential mitochondrial, accumulation into macrophage lysosome, and immunostimulation of host cells). With that information, we seek to give useful guidelines for interested researchers to face the drug discovery and development process for selective and potent leishmanicidal agents based on 4-aminoquinolines.
Microfluidic biosensors for rapid detection of foodborne pathogenic bacteria: recent advances and future perspectives
Authors: Zhang Jian , Ma Chuanlong , Du Yaping , Huang Jiangbo , Xue Li
Published: January 2025

Rapid detection of foodborne pathogenic bacteria is critical for ensuring food safety and preventing foodborne disease outbreaks. Traditional detection methods, while accurate, are often time-consuming and labor-intensive, making rapid detection technologies a pressing need. Microfluidic biosensors have emerged as a powerful solution, offering high sensitivity, specificity, and rapid analysis with minimal sample volume. In this review, we summarize recent advances in microfluidic biosensor technology, highlighting innovations in detection techniques such as electrochemical and optical microfluidic biosensors. We have also introduced microfluidic components, which are crucial for the implementation of microfluidic biosensors. Based on the current state of this technology development, we finally provide several most important recommendations for future research directions in this emerging research area, which may enable widespread commercialization and adoption in the food industry.
Bis(7)-harmine derivatives as potential multi-target anti-Alzheimer agents
Authors: Du Hongtao , Ma Fang , Cao Yuanyuan , Bai Miaoyan , Gao Xinyi , Yang Ziyi , Xu Yang , Yan Yan
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The multi-targeted ligands (MTDL) strategy has been recognized as a promising Approach for the development of effective treatments against Alzheimer’s disease (AD), due to the presence of multiple pathological mechanisms in AD. In this study, a series of bis(7)-harmine derivatives were designed and synthesized as multifunctional drugs for the treatment of AD.

Methods

The derivatives were synthesized by chemical methods and their structure was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The Ellman’s assay was utilized to assess the inhibitory potential of derivatives against hAChE and hBuChE. The inhibitory activity of these derivatives on both hMAO-A and hMAO-B was assessed using a fluorescence-based method. The thioflavin T (Th-T) fluorescence assay was used to assess the inhibition of Aβ1−42 self-aggregation. The cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay. The Surflex-Dock program in Sybyl-X2.0 Software was employed for molecular docking.

Results

In vitro studies revealed that numerous synthesized compounds exhibited potent inhibitory activity against hAChE, and hMAO-B (IC50 < 1 μM), as well as Aβ1−42 aggregation (IC50 < 20 μM). Importantly, the multitarget compounds 6d, 8c, and 8d exhibited remarkable efficacy in simultaneously mitigating Aβ-induced toxicity in SH−SY5Y cells while demonstrating minimal cytotoxicity. Furthermore, predicted ADMET results suggested that 6d, 8c, and 8d possessed favorable pharmacokinetic properties and demonstrated low toxicity levels. Additionally, molecular docking studies of 6d within the activesites of hAChE, hMAO-B, and Aβ1−42 elucidated the inhibition mechanism.

Discussion and conclusion

Based on these findings, it is evident that 6d, 8c, and 8d hold potential as promising multi-functional drugs for AD treatment.
Challenges and limitations in using bacterial metabolites as immunomodulators
Authors: Saravanan Chinnashanmugam , Gopinath Nandana Karrath , Ganesan Raja , Thirumurugan Durairaj
Published: January 2025

Harnessing the immunomodulatory potential of bacterial metabolites opens up exciting possibilities for treating various immune-related disorders. However, turning this potential into a reality presents significant challenges. This review investigates these challenges, focusing on discovery, production, characterization, stability, formulation, safety, and individual variability limitations. The limited bioavailability of many metabolites, as well as potential improvements along with the potential for off-target effects and the importance of precise targeting, are emphasized. Furthermore, the complex interactions between gut bacterial metabolites and the microbiome are investigated, highlighting the importance of personalized approaches. We conclude by discussing promising advances in metagenomics, metabolomics, synthetic biology, and targeted delivery systems, which hold out hope for overcoming these limitations and paving the way for the clinical translation of bacterial metabolites as effective immunomodulators.
Application of three-dimensional printing in the planning and execution of aortic aneurysm repair
Authors: Patel Harshank , Choi Paul , Ku Jennifer C. , Vergara Rosemary , Malgor Rafael , Patel Dhiren , Li Yong
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The accuracy of fenestrations in stent grafts for complex aortic aneurysms and dissections can be significantly improved using three-dimensional (3D)-printed phantoms. Standardization is enhanced by using artificial intelligence (AI) for image pre-processing before 3D printing. These methods address fallacies in centerline image analysis and manual image pre-processing. This review examines the application of 3D printing and AI in complex aortic aneurysm repair, highlighting current clinical trends.

Methods

An exhaustive literature review was performed using keywords such as “3D printing,” “Artificial intelligence,” “Thoracoabdominal aneurysm,” “Abdominal aortic aneurysm,” “Aortic arch aneurysm,” “Endovascular repair,” and “Open repair” in PubMed and Google Scholar indexes up to June 2022.

Results

This analysis included seven studies: four focused on 3D-printed phantoms for endovascular repair of various aortic pathologies (aortic arch, thoracoabdominal aorta, juxtarenal and pararenal aorta), one on open thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair using 3D-printed models for graft construction, and two on the use of convolutional neural networks, an AI-based technology, for the pre-processing of aortic computed tomography angiography images.

Conclusion

The application of 3D printing and AI-based image pre-processing in the planning of complex aortic aneurysms offers several benefits, including enhanced patient and trainee education, more accurate fenestration placement, reduced surgical time and complications, and decreased surgeon stress.
Cardiovascular outcomes in long COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Ting , Li Zhimao , Mei Qimin , Walline Joseph Harold , Zhang Zhaocai , Liu Yecheng , Zhu Huadong , Du Bin
Published: January 2025

Introduction

There is growing evidence that patients with SARS-CoV-2 (The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) may have a variety of cardiovascular complications in the post-acute phase of COVID-19, but these manifestations have not yet been comprehensively characterized.

Methods

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of primary research papers which evaluated individuals at least four weeks after confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis and reported on cardiovascular disease prevalence. Systematic search conducted without language restrictions from December 1, 2019 to June 31, 2022 on PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane library, ProQuest Coronavirus Research Database, COVID-19 Living Overview of the Evidence (L-OVE) subset of Episteminokos and the World Health Organization (WHO) Covid-19 databases. Study was reported according to MOOSE-lists and the PRISMA guidelines. The risk of bias was identified using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for observational studies. Random-effects meta-analyses examined the pooled risk difference in the prevalence of each symptom or symptom combination in cases with confirmed SARS-coV-2 infection compared with controls.

Results

Eight cohort studies were eligible, including nearly 10 million people. Long COVID-19 was associated with a higher risk of thromboembolic disorders [HR 3.12 (1.60, 6.08)], coronary heart disease [HR 1.61 (1.13, 2.31)], stroke [HR 1.71 (1.07,2.72)], arrhythmia [HR 1.60 (1.13, 2.26)], cardiomyopathy [HR 1.71 (1.12, 2.61)], myocarditis [HR 6.11 (4.17,8.94)], hypertension [HR 1.70 (1.56, 1.85)], heart failure [HR 1.72 (1.15,2.59)] and cardiogenic shock [HR 2.09 (1.53,2.86)] compared to non-COVID-19 controls. Pooled risk differences in long COVID cases compared to controls were significantly higher for cardiomyopathy [0.15% (0.06, 0.23)], deep vein thrombosis [0.45% (0.06, 0.83)] and hypertension (0.32%, (0.06, 0.58) but not for thromboembolic disorders, coronary disease, stroke, arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, hypertension, heart failure or cardiogenic shock.

Conclusion

The risk of cardiovascular disease increased significantly four weeks or more after recovering from acute COVID-19. Care for survivors after an acute attack of COVID-19 should include paying close attention to cardiovascular health and disease.

Systematic Review Registration

PROSPERO [CRD42022353965].
Cancer-associated thoracic aorta arterial thrombosis: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Borregón Miguel , Valero María , Ferrández Asia , Muñoz Álvaro , Roque Carmen , Benítez-Fuentes Javier-David
Published: January 2025

Background

Arterial thrombosis is an uncommon complication in cancer patients, often overshadowed by venous thromboembolic events. Its occurrence in patients with solid tumors on active antineoplastic treatment poses a significant clinical challenge.

Key clinical question

Given the lack of consensus on the optimal therapy for arterial thrombosis in cancer patients, the best practices for managing an aortic thrombus, and the benefit of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) must be reviewed.

Clinical approach

We present the case of a 70-year-old female with stage IVA lung adenocarcinoma who developed an aortic thrombus during chemo-immunotherapy. The thrombus was successfully treated with LMWH, avoiding further complications, and allowing for the continuation of her cancer therapy.

Conclusions

This case highlights the importance of early detection and management of arterial thrombus in cancer patients. LMWH proved effective in resolving the thrombus, underscoring its role in managing such complications.
Therapeutic effect and potential mechanism of Fufang Danshen dripping pills for stable coronary heart disease: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Meng Li-qin , Huang Pei-ying , Li Qing-min , Feng Yu-chao , Li Ding-jian , Wu Guang-long , Ao Bo-wen , Wu Guo-chao , Zhang Guo-xiong , Chen Bo-jun
Published: January 2025

Background

The efficacy and mechanism of Fufang Danshen dripping pills (FFDS) in the secondary prevention of stable coronary heart disease (SCHD) is currently undetermined. This study aims to investigate the efficacy and preliminary mechanism by which FFDS may impact the progression of SCHD.

Methods

Based on randomization, we administered oral FFDS to 30 patients with SCHD in addition to conventional treatment for 30 days. After treatment, three-months major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were assessed as the primary outcome. Additionally, we evaluated the patients' Seattle Angina Questionnaire score, blood pressure, circulating levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, platelets, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, serum creatinine, and fasting blood glucose as the secondary outcomes. Furthermore, we utilized mass spectrometry analysis, network pharmacology, and lipidomics to predict the potential mechanisms of FFDS in the treatment of SCHD.

Results

Following treatment, FFDS demonstrated significant improvements in serum triglyceride levels (P = 0.013) and a reduction in the frequency of angina episodes (P = 0.021). We conducted mass spectrometry analysis on FFDS and identified 236 chemical components. Lipidomics further confirmed triglycerides as key lipids affected by FFDS. By integrating these findings with network pharmacology targets, we highlighted the potential roles of LPL, CD36, FABPpm, L-FABP, LCAT, and CEPT in fat digestion, absorption, and metabolism pathways, suggesting their involvement in FFDS's treatment of SCHD by reducing triglycerides.

Conclusion

In individuals with SCHD, the administration of FFDS has been shown to effectively reduce circulating triglyceride levels and decrease the frequency of angina episodes. This therapeutic effect is likely due to the active components of FFDS targeting key proteins: LPL, CD36, FABPpm, L-FABP, LCAT, and CEPT.

Clinical Trial Registration

https://www.chictr.org.cn/, identifier (ChiCTR2400080149).
Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis, associated anomalies and pregnancy outcomes of fetal right aortic arch
Authors: Xie Yuting , Weng Zongjie , Wang Ronghua , Wu Qiumei , Ling Wen , Chen Jinwen , Guo Shan
Published: January 2025

Objective

The aim was to summarise the prenatal ultrasound characteristics, associated anomalies and pregnancy outcomes of fetal right aortic arch (RAA) and to discuss the value of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis and prognostic analysis.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed 157 cases of fetal RAA diagnosed via prenatal ultrasound in our hospital from October 2017 to October 2022. RAA features were characterised by comparing prenatal ultrasound data with anatomical casting results after pregnancy termination or postnatal imaging and surgical intervention to analyse the prognosis and misdiagnoses of fetal RAA.

Results

Of the 157 fetal RAA cases, 50 (31.8%) cases were isolated RAA and 107 (68.2%) cases were nonisolated RAA. In terms of typing, 78 cases (49.7%) of right aortic arch-aberrant left subclavian artery (RAA-ALSA) and 75 cases (47.8%) of right aortic arch-mirror branch (RAA-MB), 3 cases (1.9%) of right aortic arch-isolated left subclavian artery (RAA-ILSA) and 1 case (0.6%) of right aortic arch-isolated left innominate artery (RAA-ILINA) were identified, and the incidence of combined cardiac anomalies and chromosomal anomalies was significantly greater in the RAA-MB group than the RAA-ALSA group. The live birth rate was significantly lower in the nonisolated RAA group than the isolated RAA group, and the prognosis of RAA-MB was significantly worse than that of RAA-ALSA. Among the 76 surviving patients, 72 (94.7%) cases were correctly diagnosed via prenatal ultrasound, and 4 (5.3%) cases had missed diagnoses and misdiagnoses. Of the 81 terminated pregnancies, 19 cases received pathological anatomy or vascular casting, including 18 cases with results consistent with the prenatal ultrasound and 1 case with inconsistent results.

Conclusions

Prenatal echocardiography is useful for diagnosing fetal RAA. It is also necessary to classify RAA types as accurately as possible and detect the presence of potential cardiac and extracardiac anomalies and genetic abnormalities, which facilitates prenatal counselling and prognostic assessment of fetuses with RAA.
Tunnel squeezing prediction based on partially missing dataset and optimized machine learning models
Authors: Guan Peng , Ou Guangzhao , Liang Feng , Luo Weibang , Wang Qingyong , Pei Chengyuan , Che Xuan
Published: January 2025

Accurate prediction of tunnel squeezing, one of the common geological hazards during tunnel construction, is of great significance for ensuring construction safety and reducing economic losses. To achieve precise prediction of tunnel squeezing, this study constructed six reliable machine learning (ML) classification models for this purpose, including Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree (DT), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM), and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN). The parameters of these 6 ML models were optimized using the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) in conjunction with five-fold cross-validation. A total of 305 tunnel squeezing sample data were collected to train and test the models. KNN and Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) methods were employed to handle the missing and imbalanced data sets. An input feature system for tunnel squeezing prediction was established, comprising tunnel burial depth (H), tunnel diameter (D), strength-to-stress ratio (SSR), and support stiffness (K). The XGBoost model optimized with WOA demonstrated the highest prediction accuracy of 0.9681. The SHAP method was utilized to interpret the XGBoost model, indicating that the contribution rank of the input features to tunnel squeezing prediction was SSR > K > D > H, with average SHAP values of 2.93, 1.49, 0.82, and 0.69, respectively. The XGBoost model was applied to predict tunnel squeezing in 10 sections of the Qinghai Huzhu Beishan Tunnel. The prediction results were highly consistent with the actual outcomes.
Relationship between the cognitive load and the learning success in applying force diagrams: eye-tracking study
Authors: Omarbakiyeva Yultuz , Hahn Larissa , Klein Pascal , Krumphals Ingrid , Watzka Bianca
Published: January 2025

Introduction

This paper is concerned with investigating the cognitive demands of solving force diagram tasks in different scenarios, specifically in the wind context.

Methods

In this study, students were trained using worked examples and then completed tasks in two different scenarios while their eye movements were monitored with eye-tracking technology. After completing the tasks, cognitive load was assessed to evaluate the impact of task complexity on cognitive processing. Eye-tracking metrics were analyzed in detail to identify gaze strategies, differences and similarities.

Results

It was found that a three-force scenario (surface wind formation) induced a higher intrinsic cognitive load than a two-force scenario, which is not only theoretically justified by cognitive load theory, but also confirmed by eye-tracking metrics. Although correlation analyses show no significant relationship between the ability to mentally rotate and learning success, the role of mental rotation in problem solving is highlighted by eye-tracking data.

Discussion

Our results contribute to a better understanding of the learning and problem-solving mechanisms involved in wind direction determination and offer possible implications for the design of more effective teaching and learning methods in this area.
Test fairness of the in-house College English examination for Chinese non-English major undergraduates: a case study
Authors: Li Kangxi , Kong Mengting , Li Liye , Lu Jingwen
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The in-house College English examination is a high-stakes assessment for College English, a compulsory course for most non-English major undergraduates in China. However, the fairness of such examinations has not received due attention.

Methods

This paper employs Kunnan’s Test Fairness Framework to investigate common issues of test fairness related to the in-house College English examination, using a university in East China as an example. The data analyzed include the College English examination results of 5,680 non-English major undergraduates from 2018 to 2020.

Result

The research finds various fairness problems in terms of validity, absence of bias, access, administration, and social consequences. These issues can be attributed to underlying factors such as lack of language assessment literacy, time, and funding on the part of examiners or administrators.

Discussion

Hence, this research proposes a holistic approach to improve test fairness, involving all stakeholders and all procedures in the in-house College English examination. Collaborating with external experts on language tests and lowering the stakes of in-house examinations are suggested as effective measures to mitigate test unfairness issues.
Unveiling hydrosocial dynamics: discourse and power in Peña Blanca
Authors: Di Tullio Viola , Zannini Lorenzo
Published: January 2025

Water is not just a material element but a socio-natural object of knowledge whose conceptualisation, policing and management carry symbolic and material implications. This issue becomes especially evident in territories where water scarcity and drought pose heightened social and environmental challenges, not least in the face of climate change. Against this background, our research looks at the long history of water privatisation in Chile and at how it has profoundly impacted water scarcity issues, exacerbated desertification, and led to water conflicts. In particular, in Peña Blanca, an agricultural community in northern Chile, these dimensions intertwine and shed light on the territory’s hydrosocial components. Water and fog tell histories of social dynamics, conflicts, cooperation, and climate change. Taking a discoursive approach to ethnographic fieldwork, the paper will analyse interviews carried out with local actors against the background of on-site observation to explore the discursive construction of water and its sociopolitical consequences in Peña Blanca. The paper aims to provide an original perspective on the symbolic and material implications of hydrosocial identities in climate-exposed communities struggling for autonomy, agency, and self-determination.