bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporal disaggregation of hourly precipitation under changing climate over the Southeast United States
Authors: Takhellambam Bijoychandra S. , Srivastava Puneet , Lamba Jasmeet , McGehee Ryan P. , Kumar Hemendra , Tian Di
Published: May 2022

Climate change impacts on precipitation characteristics will alter the hydrologic characteristics, such as peak flows, time to peak, and erosion potential of watersheds. However, many of the currently available climate change datasets are provided at temporal and spatial resolutions that are inadequate to quantify projected changes in hydrologic characteristics of a watershed. Therefore, it is critical to temporally disaggregate coarse-resolution precipitation data to finer resolutions for studies sensitive to precipitation characteristics. In this study, we generated novel 15-minute precipitation datasets from hourly precipitation datasets obtained from five NA-CORDEX downscaled climate models under RCP 8.5 scenario for the historical (1970–1999) and projected (2030–2059) years over the Southeast United States using a modified version of the stochastic method. The results showed conservation of mass of the precipitation inputs. Furthermore, the probability of zero precipitation, variance of precipitation, and maximum precipitation in the disaggregated data matched well with the observed precipitation characteristics. The generated 15-minute precipitation data can be used in all scientific studies that require precipitation data at that resolution.
A species diversity dataset of beetles by three passive acquisition methods in Tei Tong Tsai (Hong Kong)
Authors: Zhao Shuzhe , Tong Yijie , Teng Bei , Chen Xin , Yang Xingke , Li Jing , Bai Ming
Published: May 2022

We based the dataset in this paper on the beetle collection from the sample site of Tei Tong Tsai (Hong Kong) from 1st May to 28th May 2019, a period of high insect diversity. A total of 16,270 beetles (photographed in 318 images) from 478 species belonging to 39 families were collected. The dataset consists of the following components: The original photo of the whole sample obtained at each site with each collection method, the morphological species identification chart, a statistical table describing the species and numbers of beetles collected on different dates at different sites using three passive acquisition methods, and a statistical table describing the longitude, latitude, and altitude information of each sampling point. We aimed to provide a database for the evaluation of beetle species diversity in Hong Kong and a paradigm for the effectiveness of passive acquisition in the beetle collection through the three representative methods, thus laying a foundation for biodiversity research.
Preceding propagation of turbulence pulses at avalanche events in a magnetically confined plasma
Authors: Kenmochi N. , Ida K. , Tokuzawa T. , Yasuhara R. , Funaba H. , Uehara H. , Den Hartog D. J. , Yamada I. , Yoshinuma M. , Takemura Y. , Igami H.
Published: May 2022

The preceding propagation of turbulence pulses has been observed for the first time in heat avalanche events during the collapse of the electron internal transport barrier (e-ITB) in the Large Helical Device. The turbulence and heat pulses are generated near the foot of the e-ITB and propagate to the peripheral region within a much shorter time than the diffusion timescale. The propagation speed of the turbulence pulse is approximately 10 km/s, which is faster than that of the heat pulse propagating at a speed of 1.5 km/s. The heat pulse propagates at approximately the same speed as that in the theoretical prediction, whereas the turbulence pulse propagates one order of magnitude faster than that in the prediction, thereby providing important insights into the physics of non-local transport.
Urinary biomarkers indicate pediatric renal injury among rural farming communities in Sri Lanka
Authors: Gunasekara T. D. K. S. C. , De Silva P. Mangala C. S. , Ekanayake E. M. D. V. , Thakshila W. A. K. G. , Pinipa R. A. I. , Sandamini P. M. M. A. , Gunarathna S. D. , Chandana E. P. S. , Jayasinghe S. S. , Herath C. , Siribaddana Sisira , Jayasundara Nishad
Published: May 2022

Pediatric renal injury is an emerging health concern in communities affected by chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu). Early detection of susceptibilities through highly sensitive and specific biomarkers can lead to effective therapeutic and preventive interventions against renal diseases. Here, we aimed to investigate the utility of kidney injury molecule (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in early detection of renal abnormalities in selected pediatric communities in Sri Lanka. The study areas were stratified as CKDu endemic, emerging, and non-endemic based on the prevalence of CKDu, and a total of 804 school students (10–18 years of age) participated in the study. The median (IQR) urinary KIM-1 levels of the participants were 0.193 (0.026–0.338), 0.082 (0.001–0.220) and 0.040 (0.003–0.242) ng/mgCr for CKDu endemic, emerging and non-endemic regions respectively. Participants from CKDu endemic regions reported elevated (p < 0.0001) urinary KIM-1 expression compared to those from the other regions. The median (IQR) NGAL levels in participants from CKDu endemic (2.969; 1.833–5.641), emerging (3.374; 1.766–6.103), and non-endemic (3.345; 1.742–5.128 ng/mgCr) regions showed no significant difference. Also, urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) showed no significant differences across gender or residency. The prevalence of albuminuria was 1–2% in the locations irrespective of CKDu burden. Albuminuric participants reported higher (p < 0.05) urinary KIM-1 levels in comparison to normoalbuminuric participants. Significantly elevated urinary KIM-1 expression in a pediatric population from CKDu affected regions, especially in the presence of albuminuria, may indicate low-grade early renal damage supporting the utility of KIM-1 as a quantifiable biomarker.
Thermal transport analysis of six circular microchannel heat sink using nanofluid
Authors: Waqas Hassan , Khan Shan Ali , Farooq Umar , Muhammad Taseer , Alshehri Ahmad , Yasmin Sumeira
Published: May 2022

Electronics devices growth in the last decade of the twentieth century ushered in a revolution inside the electronics segment. Continuous micro-sizes and operation cause these devices to heat up, resulting in a reduction in their performance or damage to their parts. Because heat can decrease device performance and life span while also wasting energy, offering an incorporated and effective cooling system has become a significant part of the design of device equipment. One of the key challenges of modern generation technology is the cooling of electronic devices. Nanofluids have attracted attention in a broad range of engineering implementations due to their great properties, which may be used to effectively cool devices while also improving energy efficiency. In view of the above defects, this numerical research object to examine the chip surface temperature, heat transfer rate, thermal resistance, Darcy friction factor and reliability of microelectronic chips in minichannel heat sinks is scrutinized by utilizing a $${\text{TiO}}_{2}$$

TiO
2

/water nanofluid as a coolant and comparing the nanoliquid outcomes with the outcomes of water. $${\text{TiO}}_{2}$$

TiO
2

/Water nanofluids at 1%, 2% and 3% volume concentrations are employed for this scrutinization. Here, a commercial CFD ANSYS (R19.2) FLUENT software package is used to analyze the electronic chip performance. The CFD ANSYS (R19.2) FLUENT software package is used for modeling, meshing and simulation of the current study.
Large magnetocapacitance beyond 420% in epitaxial magnetic tunnel junctions with an MgAl2O4 barrier
Authors: Sato Kenta , Sukegawa Hiroaki , Ogata Kentaro , Xiao Gang , Kaiju Hideo
Published: May 2022

Magnetocapacitance (MC) effect has been observed in systems where both symmetries of time-reversal and space-inversion are broken, for examples, in multiferroic materials and spintronic devices. The effect has received increasing attention due to its interesting physics and the prospect of applications. Recently, a large tunnel magnetocapacitance (TMC) of 332% at room temperature was reported using MgO-based (001)-textured magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). Here, we report further enhancement in TMC beyond 420% at room temperature using epitaxial MTJs with an MgAl2O4(001) barrier with a cation-disordered spinel structure. This large TMC is partially caused by the high effective tunneling spin polarization, resulted from the excellent lattice matching between the Fe electrodes and the MgAl2O4 barrier. The epitaxial nature of this MTJ system sports an enhanced spin-dependent coherent tunneling effect. Among other factors leading to the large TMC are the appearance of the spin capacitance, the large barrier height, and the suppression of spin flipping through the MgAl2O4 barrier. We explain the observed TMC by the Debye-Fröhlich modelled calculation incorporating Zhang-sigmoid formula, parabolic barrier approximation, and spin-dependent drift diffusion model. Furthermore, we predict a 1000% TMC in MTJs with a spin polarization of 0.8. These experimental and theoretical findings provide a deeper understanding on the intrinsic mechanism of the TMC effect. New applications based on large TMC may become possible in spintronics, such as multi-value memories, spin logic devices, magnetic sensors, and neuromorphic computing.
DNA-influenced automated behavior detection on twitter through relative entropy
Authors: Gilmary Rosario , Venkatesan Akila , Vaiyapuri Govindasamy , Balamurali Deepikashini
Published: May 2022

Twitter is a renowned microblogging site that allows users to interact using tweets and it has almost reached 206 million daily active users by the second quarter of 2021. The ratio of Twitter bots has risen in tandem with their popularity. Bot detection is critical for combating misinformation and protecting the credibility of online disclosures. Current bot detection approaches rely on the Twitosphere’s topological structure, ignoring the heterogeneity among the profiles. Moreover, most techniques incorporate supervised learning, which depends strongly on large-scale training sets. Therefore, to overcome these issues, we proposed a novel entropy-based framework to detect correlated bots leveraging only user behavior. Specifically, real-time data of users is collected and their online behaviors are modeled as DNA sequences. We then determine the probability distribution of DNA sequences and compute relative entropy to evaluate the distance between the distributions. Accounts with entropy values less than a fixed threshold represent bots. Extensive experiments conducted in real-time Twitter data prove that the proposed detection technique outperforms state-of-the-art approaches with precision = 0.9471, recall = 0.9682, F1 score = 0.9511, and accuracy = 0.9457.
A typology of North Sea oil and gas platforms
Authors: Lawrence J. M. , Fernandes P. G.
Published: May 2022

Since the commercial exploitation of marine oil and gas reserves began in the middle of the twentieth century, extensive networks of offshore infrastructure have been installed globally. Many of the structures are now nearing the end of their operational lives and will soon require decommissioning, generating renewed interest in their environmental impacts and in the ecological consequences of their removal. However, such work requires selection of a subsample of assets for surveying; censuses of the entire ‘population’ in any given jurisdiction are practically impossible due to their sheer number. It is important, therefore, that the selected sample is sufficiently representative of the population to draw generalized conclusions. Here, a formal clustering methodology, partitioning around medoids, was used to produce a typology of surface-piercing oil and gas platforms in the North Sea. The variables used for clustering were hydrocarbon product, operational state, platform design and material, and substructure weight. Assessing intra-cluster variability identified 13 clusters as the optimum number. The most important distinguishing variable was platform type, isolating floating platforms first, then concrete gravity-based and then fixed steel. Following clustering, a geographic trend was evident, with oil production more prevalent in the north and gas in the south. The typology allows a representative subset of North Sea oil and gas platforms to be selected when designing a survey, or an assessment of the representativeness of a previously selected subset of platforms. This will facilitate the efficient use of the limited funding available for such studies.
Photoreceptor distributions, visual pigments and the opsin repertoire of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus)
Authors: Bolstad Kennedy , Novales Flamarique Iñigo
Published: May 2022

Fishes often have cone photoreceptors organized in lattice-like mosaic formations. In flatfishes, these lattices undergo dramatic changes during metamorphosis whereby a honeycomb mosaic of single cones in the larva is replaced by a square mosaic of single and double cones in the adult. The spatio-temporal dynamics of this transition are not well understood. Here, we describe the photoreceptors and mosaic formations that occur during the larva to juvenile transition of Atlantic halibut from the beginning of eye migration to its completion. To gauge the possibility of colour vision, visual pigments in juveniles were measured by microspectrophotometry and the opsin repertoire explored using bioinformatics. At the start of eye migration, the larva had a heterogeneous retina with honeycomb mosaic in the dorsonasal and ventrotemporal quadrants and a square mosaic in the ventronasal and dorsotemporal quadrants. By the end of metamorphosis, the square mosaic was present throughout the retina except in a centrodorsotemporal area where single, double and triple cones occurred randomly. Six cone visual pigments were found with maximum absorbance (λmax, in nm) in the short [S(431) and S(457)], middle [M(500), M(514) and M(527)], and long [L(550)] wavelengths, and a rod visual pigment with λmaxat 491 nm. These pigments only partially matched the opsin repertoire detected by query of the Atlantic halibut genome. We conclude that the Atlantic halibut undergoes a complex re-organization of photoreceptors at metamorphosis resulting in a multi-mosaic retina adapted for a demersal life style.
Determining KLF14 tertiary structure and diagnostic significance in brain cancer progression
Authors: Zahra Kainat , Shabbir Maria , Badshah Yasmin , Trembley Janeen H. , Badar Zunaira , Khan Khushbukhat , Afsar Tayyaba , Almajwal Ali , Alruwaili Nawaf W. , Razak Suhail
Published: May 2022

Expression analysis of new protein targets may play a crucial role in the early detection and diagnosis of brain tumor progression. The study aimed to investigate the possible relation of KLF14, TPD52, miR-124, and PKCε in the development and progression of brain cancer and space occupying lesion (SOL) of the brain. One hundred human blood samples comprising varying diagnostic groups (SOL brain, grade I, II, III, IV) were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR to determine the expression level of KLF14, TPD52, miR-124, and PKCε. TPD52 and PKCε were upregulated in brain cancer by 2.5- and 1.6-fold, respectively, whereas, KLF14 and miR-124 were downregulated in brain cancer. In metastatic and high-grade brain cancer, TPD52 and PKCε expression were up-regulated and KLF14 and miR-124 expression were down-regulated. Further, these genes were found to be differentially expressed in the blood of patients with SOL. Upregulation of TPD52 and PKCε, however, reduced expression of KLF14 and miR-124 in SOL of the brain as compared to healthy controls. Expression analysis of TPD52, KLF14, miR-124, and PKCε provided useful information on the differences existing between the normal brain and SOL, in addition to gliomas; thus, might prove to be useful having diagnostic or prognostic value.
Insights about the common generative rule underlying an information foraging task can be facilitated via collective search
Authors: Naito Aoi , Katahira Kentaro , Kameda Tatsuya
Published: May 2022

Social learning is beneficial for efficient information search in unfamiliar environments (“within-task” learning). In the real world, however, possible search spaces are often so large that decision makers are incapable of covering all options, even if they pool their information collectively. One strategy to handle such overload is developing generalizable knowledge that extends to multiple related environments (“across-task” learning). However, it is unknown whether and how social information may facilitate such across-task learning. Here, we investigated participants’ social learning processes across multiple laboratory foraging sessions in spatially correlated reward landscapes that were generated according to a common rule. The results showed that paired participants were able to improve efficiency in information search across sessions more than solo participants. Computational analysis of participants’ choice-behaviors revealed that such improvement across sessions was related to better understanding of the common generative rule. Rule understanding was correlated within a pair, suggesting that social interaction is a key to the improvement of across-task learning.
Antimicrobial properties of chitosan from different developmental stages of the bioconverter insect Hermetia illucens
Authors: Guarnieri Anna , Triunfo Micaela , Scieuzo Carmen , Ianniciello Dolores , Tafi Elena , Hahn Thomas , Zibek Susanne , Salvia Rosanna , De Bonis Angela , Falabella Patrizia
Published: May 2022

Growing antimicrobial resistance has prompted researchers to identify new natural molecules with antimicrobial potential. In this perspective, attention has been focused on biopolymers that could also be functional in the medical field. Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer on Earth and with its deacetylated derivative, chitosan, has several applications in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. Currently, the main source of chitin is the crustacean exoskeleton, but the growing demand for these polymers on the market has led to search for alternative sources. Among these, insects, and in particular the bioconverter Hermetia illucens, is one of the most bred. Chitin can be extracted from larvae, pupal exuviae and dead adults of H. illucens, by applying chemical methods, and converted into chitosan. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy confirmed the identity of the chitosan produced from H. illucens and its structural similarity to commercial polymer. Recently, studies showed that chitosan has intrinsic antimicrobial activity. This is the first research that investigated the antibacterial activity of chitosan produced from the three developmental stages of H. illucens through qualitative and quantitative analysis, agar diffusion tests and microdilution assays, respectively. Our results showed the antimicrobial capacity of chitosan of H. illucens, opening new perspectives for its use in the biological area.
Sea level along the world’s coastlines can be measured by a network of virtual altimetry stations
Authors: Cazenave Anny , Gouzenes Yvan , Birol Florence , Leger Fabien , Passaro Marcello , Calafat Francisco M. , Shaw Andrew , Nino Fernando , Legeais Jean François , Oelsmann Julius , Restano Marco , Benveniste Jérôme
Published: May 2022

For nearly 30 years, space-based radar altimetry has been routinely measuring changes in sea level at global and regional scales. But this technique designed for the open ocean does not provide reliable sea level data within 20 km to the coast, mostly due to land contamination within the radar echo in the vicinity of the coast. This problem can now be overcome through dedicated reprocessing, allowing the retrieval of valid sea level data in the 0-20 km band from the coast, and then the access to novel information on sea level change in the world coastal zones. Here we present sea level anomalies and associated coastal sea level trends at 756 altimetry-based virtual coastal stations located along the coasts of North and South America, Northeast Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, Africa, North Indian Ocean, Asia and Australia. This new dataset, derived from the reprocessing of high-resolution (300 m) along-track altimetry data from the Jason-1, 2 and 3 missions from January 2002 to December 2019, allows the analysis of the decadal evolution of coastal sea level and fills the coastal gap where sparse sea level information is currently available.
pH-Sensitive ε-polylysine/polyaspartic acid/zein nanofiber membranes for the targeted release of polyphenols
Authors: Yingying Ma , Xiu-xia Li , Luyun Cai , Jianrong Li
Published: May 2022

In this work, zein nanofiber membranes loaded with ε-polylysine–polyphenol–polyaspartic acid were prepared using electrospinning for the controlled delivery of polyphenols.
Maternal VD3supplementation during gestation improves intestinal health and microbial composition of weaning piglets
Authors: Zhao Lianpeng , Lu Wei , Mao Zhengyu , Mou Daolin , Huang Long , Yang Min , Ding Dajiang , Yan Hui , Fang Zhengfeng , Che Lianqiang , Zhuo Yong , Jiang Xuemei , Xu Shengyu , Lin Yan , Li Jian , Huang Chao , Zou Yuanfeng , Li Lixia , Wu De , Feng Bin
Published: May 2022

Maternal VD3supplementation during gestation stimulated the expression of intestinalVDR,IGF-1andIGF-1R, increased gut beneficial microbes and SCFAs, and enhanced the development and immunity function of the intestine in their suckling piglets.
Enhancing the selectivity of hydrocarbons during the Kolbe electrolysis of biomass-derived short-chain carboxylic acids by anionic surfactants
Authors: Lang Lin , Li Yanbing , Lam Jason Chun-Ho , Ding Yingna , Yin Xiuli , Wu Chuangzhi
Published: May 2022

Different mechanisms of selective electrochemical decarboxylation of acetic acid and butyric acid in aqueous solution and at room temperature.
Analyses on intracellular Fe3+ with a rhodamine probe: “turn-on” response, specific recognition and bioimaging
Authors: Cheng Zhao , Liu Xiaojing , Zheng Lei , Xu Yue , He Hao
Published: May 2022

The specific recognition and localization of intracellular Fe3+ by a rhodamine probe.
Chemoenzymatic deracemization of lisofylline catalyzed by a (laccase/TEMPO)-alcohol dehydrogenase system
Authors: Borowiecki Paweł , Rudzka Aleksandra , Reiter Tamara , Kroutil Wolfgang
Published: May 2022

This article reports on a novel biocatalytic method for the synthesis of both enantiomers of lisofylline based on Trametes versicolor laccase, TEMPO as a redox mediator and stereocomplementary recombinant alcohol dehydrogenases as biocatalysts.
Identification of non-traditional coordination environments for iron ions in nickel hydroxide lattices
Authors: Alsaç Elif Pınar , Zhou Keyu , Rong Wen , Salamon Soma , Landers Joachim , Wende Heiko , Smith Rodney D. L.
Published: May 2022

Iron ions are observed in a previously unobserved coordination environment in iron–nickel oxyhydroxide. Complementary characterization techniques suggest the environment sits atop the two-dimensional Ni(OH)2sheets.
FeCl3-mediated selenylative benzannulation of aryl alkynones to 3-selenyl β-naphthols
Authors: Raji Reddy Chada , Bhandari Mayur C. , Patil Amol D. , Aila Mounika , Donthiri Ramachandra Reddy
Published: May 2022

A new approach to 3-selenylated β-naphthols and their conversion to selenyl naphthofurans and 1,2-naphthoquinones were disclosed.
In situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction reveals the disassembly–organisation mechanism of germanosilicate zeolites in HCl vapour
Authors: Zhou Jingtian , Yue Qiudi , Opanasenko Maksym , Chen Xinyan , Tao Yajun , Luo Zhenlin
Published: May 2022

In situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction technique was applied for germanosilicate zeolites to study the disassembly–organisation mechanism of ADOR in HCl vapour, in which three steps are involved.
The excellent electromagnetic wave absorbing properties of carbon fiber composites: the effect of metal content
Authors: Guo Shennan , Zhang Yuqing , Chen Jiabin , Wu Yue , Cao Jieming , Tang Shaolong , Ji Guangbin
Published: May 2022

By changing the content of metals, the obtained carbon fiber composites could achieve excellent absorbing performance and effective widening of the detection angles in the field of microwave absorption.
Novel class of organic crystal scintillators based on aggregation-induced emission
Authors: Sato Atsushi , Koshimizu Masanori , Fujimoto Yutaka , Komatsuzaki Shusuke , Kishimoto Shunji , Asai Keisuke
Published: May 2022

We synthesized 1,1,2,3,4,5-hexaphenyl-1H-silole (HPS) crystals to develop organic crystal scintillators based on aggregation-induced emission (AIE).
Metal-free synthesis of sulfonylated indolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines from sulfur dioxide
Authors: Qin Binyan , Huang Shaoxin , Chen Jian-Qiang , Xiao Wei , Wu Jie
Published: May 2022

Access to sulfonylated indolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines through an efficient three-component reaction of 2-aryl-N-acryloyl indoles, sulfur dioxide and aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates is developed.
Yb-doped SnO2 electron transfer layer assisting the fabrication of high-efficiency and stable perovskite solar cells in air
Authors: Liu Dixin , Zhang Wenyuan , Ren Ziqiu , Li Xin
Published: May 2022

To date, most preparation processes of polycrystalline perovskite films still have to be performed in a glovebox filled with inert gas, limiting the application due to their high cost and complexity.
Preparation and wide band emission characteristics of Eu2+/Eu3+ co-doped Ba3P4O13 phosphors
Authors: Ruan Wenke , Zhang Renrong , Zhong Qi , Fu Yan , Yang Zhiwei , Xie Mubiao
Published: May 2022

Tunable color from blue to light bluish white region in Ba3P4O13:Eu2+, Eu3+ phosphor is realized by controlling the Eu2+/Eu3+ ratio.
Mechanistic insight into the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and electrochemical behavior of modified MWCNTs/Cu–Co3O4 nanocomposites
Authors: Sanakousar M. F. , C Vidyasagar C. , Jiménez-Pérez Víctor M. , Mounesh  , Shridhar A. H.
Published: May 2022

The present work reported the physical, chemical and electrical properties of Cu doped Co3O4.
Highly efficient Ni–NiO/carbon nanotubes catalysts for the selective transfer hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan
Authors: Liu Zixuan , Huang Zexing , Zhao Wenguang , Liu Xianxiang
Published: May 2022

Ni–NiO/CNTs showed an excellent activity towards the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan.
Construction of an α-chiral pyrrolidine library with a rapid and scalable continuous flow protocol
Authors: Shan Chao , Cao Liming , Yang Jiasheng , Cheng Ruihua , Yao Xiantong , Liang Chaoming , Sun Maolin , Ye Jinxing
Published: May 2022

The cost-efficient development of an α-chiral pyrrolidine library is achievedviaa rapid continuous flow protocol under mild conditions.
Organometallic catalysis in aqueous and biological environments: harnessing the power of metal carbenes
Authors: Gutiérrez Sara , Tomás-Gamasa María , Mascareñas José Luis
Published: May 2022

Metal-catalyzed carbene transformations can be implemented in aqueous mixtures, and even under the stringent conditions of living cells, provided substrates and catalysts are properly tuned to present a good balance between stability and reactivity.
Synthesis and characterisation of the ternary intermetalloid clusters {M@[As8(ZnMes)4]}3− (M = Nb, Ta) from binary [M@As8]3− precursors
Authors: Zhang Wei-Qiang , Morgan Harry W. T. , McGrady John E. , Sun Zhong-Ming
Published: May 2022

Two ternary intermetalloid clusters were constructed through binary intermetalloid clusters with a low valent group 12 metal salt. These clusters represent the first example of the structural transformation for intermetalloid clusters.
Beckenanatomie und biomechanische Aspekte
Authors: Kamp Rainer
Published: May 2022

Dieser Artikel gibt einen Einblick in biomechanische Aspekte des weiblichen
Beckens in der Schwangerschaft. Neben den biomechanischen Einflüssen am
knöchernen Becken und am Bewegungsapparat wird auch auf biomechanische
Aspekte des inneren (viszeralen) Beckens und des Beckenbodens eingegangen. Im
Rahmen des biopsychosozialen Krankheitsmodells fokussiert sich dieser Artikel
also auf die biologische Komponente. Dabei werden auch funktionelle
Zusammenhänge des Beckens mit anderen Körperregionen
dargestellt.
Pulmonary Abscess as a Complication of SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia
Authors: Uzer Fatih , Oner Sukriye , Cilli Aykut
Published: May 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease originated in the Wuhan region of China and spread all over the world. This disease typically starts as an acute viral disease, and it is characterized by lung infiltrates and elevation of inflammatory markers. The definitive diagnosis of the disease is confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results. Although majority of patients with positive PCR results had mild disease, 5 to 14% of them are severely affected. It has been reported in the literature that a significant proportion of adult patients develops virus-related complications. Lung abscess is one of these complications that is a suppurative infection with an air-fluid level greater than 2 cm in diameter on chest X-ray. Although there is usually a single cavity, it can also be multifocal. It was reported as a possible late-term complication of SARS-CoV-2. We are presenting two cases with lung abscess after SARS-CoV-2 treatment.
Learning the matrix of few-mode fibers for high-fidelity spatial mode transmission
Authors: Zhang Qian , Rothe Stefan , Koukourakis Nektarios , Czarske Jürgen
Published: May 2022

Few-mode fibers (FMFs) are promising for advancements in transmission capacity in classical and quantum communications. However, the inherent modal crosstalk limits the practical application of FMF. One reliable way to overcome this obstacle is the measurement of the complex transmission matrix (TM), describing the light propagation behavior of fiber. The TM can be obtained by performing mode decomposition (MD) of the spatial modes at the output of the fiber. MD techniques require the retrieval of both the amplitude and phase components of the detected light field, which is commonly done by using holography. However, the provision of a reference wave is highly unfavorable for the implementation of a holography-based MD in communication technology, especially for long fibers. Using deep neural networks to process intensity-only images, this drawback can be overcome. We introduce the mode transformer network, which can perform MD on 23 modes and has been trained offline using synthetic data. Experimentally, we demonstrate, for the first time, not only the measurement of complex TM of an FMF but also the inversion of the TM using a deep learning-based MD method. For mode transmission, we achieve an average fidelity of 97%. The short duration of the determination of TM allows for overcoming time-varying effects due to, e.g., mechanical stress or temperature fluctuations. The proposed reference-less calibration is promising for fiber communication with classical light and single photons, such as at quantum key distribution.
Conductivity prediction model for ionic liquids using machine learning
Authors: Datta R. , Ramprasad R. , Venkatram S.
Published: May 2022

Ionic liquids (ILs) are salts, composed of asymmetric cations and anions, typically existing as liquids at ambient temperatures. They have found widespread applications in energy storage devices, dye-sensitized solar cells, and sensors because of their high ionic conductivity and inherent thermal stability. However, measuring the conductivity of ILs by physical methods is time-consuming and expensive, whereas the use of computational screening and testing methods can be rapid and effective. In this study, we used experimentally measured and published data to construct a deep neural network capable of making rapid and accurate predictions of the conductivity of ILs. The neural network is trained on 406 unique and chemically diverse ILs. This model is one of the most chemically diverse conductivity prediction models to date and improves on previous studies that are constrained by the availability of data, the environmental conditions, or the IL base. Feature engineering techniques were employed to identify key chemo-structural characteristics that correlate positively or negatively with the ionic conductivity. These features are capable of being used as guidelines to design and synthesize new highly conductive ILs. This work shows the potential for machine-learning models to accelerate the rate of identification and testing of tailored, high-conductivity ILs.
Thermochemistry and mechanisms of the Pt+ + SO2 reaction from guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometry and theory
Authors: Armentrout P. B.
Published: May 2022

The kinetic energy dependences of the reactions of Pt+ (2D5/2) with SO2 were studied using a guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometer and theory. The observed cationic products are PtO+ and PtSO+, with small amounts of PtS+, all formed in endothermic reactions. Modeling the kinetic energy dependent product cross sections allows determination of the product bond dissociation energies (BDEs): D0(Pt+–O) = 3.14 ± 0.11 eV, D0(Pt+–S) = 3.68 ± 0.31 eV, and D0(Pt+–SO) = 3.03 ± 0.12 eV. The oxide BDE agrees well with more precise literature values, whereas the latter two results are the first such measurements. Quantum mechanical calculations were performed for PtO+, PtS+, PtO2+, and PtSO+ at the B3LYP and coupled-cluster with single, double, and perturbative triple [CCSD(T)] levels of theory using the def2-XZVPPD (X = T, Q) and aug-cc-pVXZ (X = T, Q, 5) basis sets and complete basis set extrapolations. These theoretical BDEs agree well with the experimental values. After including empirical spin–orbit corrections, the product ground states are determined as PtO+ (4Σ3/2), PtS+ (4Σ3/2), PtO2+ (2Σg+), and PtSO+ (2A′). Potential energy profiles including intermediates and transition states for each reaction were also calculated at the B3LYP/def2-TZVPPD level. Periodic trends in the thermochemistry of the group 9 metal chalcogenide cations are compared, and the formation of PtO+ from the Pt+ + SO2 reaction is compared with those from the Pt+ + O2, CO2, CO, and NO reactions.
Very-large-scale motions in the turbulent cylinder wake
Authors: Chen J. G. , Tang S. L. , Zhou T. M. , Zhou Y.
Published: May 2022

This work studied the very-large-scale motions (VLSMs), which were first observed in wall-bounded flows, in a turbulent cylinder near wake using two experimental datasets from Chen et al. [“Three-dimensional vorticity, momentum and heat transport in a turbulent cylinder wake,” J. Fluid Mech. 809, 135–167 (2016)] and Tang et al. [“Secondary vortex street in the intermediate wake of a circular cylinder,” Exp. Fluids 59, 119 (2018)]. It is found that the premultiplied spectra of both the streamwise velocity and temperature fluctuations measured with hot and cold wires by Chen et al. [“Three-dimensional vorticity, momentum and heat transport in a turbulent cylinder wake,” J. Fluid Mech. 809, 135–167 (2016)] display a peak at a low wavenumber corresponding to a frequency of about 1/4 of that of the Kármán vortices in the flow. A proper orthogonal decomposition method was utilized to decompose the velocity field measured with particle image velocimetry by Tang et al. [“Secondary vortex street in the intermediate wake of a circular cylinder,” Exp. Fluids 59, 119 (2018)] into modes with different frequencies. A prolonged coherent structure with a wavelength of about four times the Kármán vortices is observed in the visualization of the energetic velocity modes with the same frequency of the spectral peak, which is consistent with the spectral data and confirms the existence of VLSMs in the wake.
Contact time of a droplet impacting hydrophobic surfaces
Authors: Gao Shu-Rong , Wei Bo-Jian , Jin Jia-Xin , Ye Jin-Sheng , Wang Yi-Feng , Zheng Shao-Fei , Yang Yan-Ru , Wang Xiao-Dong
Published: May 2022

A droplet impacting hydrophobic surfaces is explored via lattice Boltzmann method simulations. Dynamics of the spreading and retraction processes of the impacting droplet with different surface wettability (θ = 106°–145°) at various Weber numbers (We = 15–35) and Reynolds numbers (Re = 235–359) are investigated. It indicates that the spreading time, the time interval from a droplet just touching the surface to reaching the maximum spreading diameter, is a fixed value that is not related to the above factors. The retraction time, the time interval from a droplet reaching the maximum spreading diameter to rebounding the surface, is just closely dependent on the surface wettability. Therefore, the contact time, the sum of the spreading time and the retraction time, is mainly related to the retraction process and dependent on the surface wettability. The time is commonly normalized as the non-dimensional time, τ = t/(ρR03/σ)1/2, where R0 is the initial droplet radius and σ is the surface tension. The emphasis of this work is placed on establishing a relationship of the contact time with the surface wettability. Based on simulation research and theoretical modeling, the surface wettability is incorporated into the scaling law of contact time, and a modified scaling law, tc ∼ (R0/V0)We1/2(1 − cosθ)−1/2, where V0 denotes the initial impact velocity, is established for a droplet impacting hydrophobic surfaces of θ = 106°–145°and We = 15–35. It is demonstrated that the scale relationship can be well applied to calculate the contact time of a droplet impacting hydrophobic surfaces for moderate Weber numbers.
Skin friction and surface optical flow in viscous flows
Authors: Liu Tianshu , Chen Tao , Salazar David M. , Miozzi Massimo
Published: May 2022

The relationship between skin friction and the surface optical flow (SOF) in viscous flows is discussed based on the evolution equations of surface temperature, scalar, and enstrophy, where the SOF is defined as the convection velocity of these quantities. It is found that the SOF is proportional to skin friction, which can be determined by solving the optical flow equation re-cast from these evolution equations. This optical flow method can be applied to surface temperature and mass transfer visualizations to extract skin friction fields in experiments. To examine this method, it is first applied to complex surface enstrophy structures obtained in direct numerical simulation data of a turbulent channel flow. Furthermore, it is applied to surface temperature structures obtained in time-resolved temperature sensitive paint measurements in a flow over a National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) 0015 airfoil model and an impinging jet.
Where to next? An exploration of patients with disability and complex needs who leave acute care hospitals via an interim discharge pathway
Authors: Foster Michele M. , Bowley Jessica , Houston Vivien , Borg David N.
Published: May 2022

Objective To examine the characteristics and circumstances of admitted patients with disability who require individualised supports to leave hospital and who experience interim discharge arrangements. Methods The study used a retrospective exploratory design. Medical chart reviews of patients with disability who required funded support to leave hospital were conducted. The records of 224 patients admitted to one of three hospital facilities in South-East Queensland, Australia, between May 2017 and January 2020 were reviewed. Information about hospital facility, demographic characteristics, disability type, support needs, discharge destination, and reasons for interim discharges were extracted for analysis. Results Forty of 224 patients were discharged to an interim destination. Inter-hospital transfers were the most common interim discharge arrangement. Being divorced or separated was the only demographic variable associated with having an interim discharge arrangement for admitted patients with disability. More patients with disability who experienced an interim discharge required accommodation supports and behavioural supports compared to patients who were not involved in interim discharges. Conclusions Patients with disability with minimal informal support and who rely on a sophisticated mix of individualised supports to leave hospital may be more susceptible to interim discharge arrangements. Early identification of these patients and formal mechanisms for ensuring continuous coordination of ongoing transitions and supports is critical to avoid sub-optimal outcomes. Future research is needed to capture a complete picture of the series of transitions of interim discharged patients with disability leaving acute care facilities and the quality of their supports and outcomes.
The importance of species-specific survey designs: prey camera trap surveys significantly underestimate the detectability of endangered spotted-tailed quolls
Authors: Henderson T. , Fancourt B. A. , Ballard G.
Published: May 2022

The spotted-tailed quoll (Dasyurus maculatus) is an endangered marsupial carnivore that is often surveyed using camera traps. Camera trap surveys targeting quolls typically use meat-based lures and specific camera setups tailored to increase the probability of quoll detection. However, where quolls occur, they can also be incidentally detected as non-target species in camera surveys targeting small to medium-sized herbivorous or omnivorous mammals (‘prey’ surveys). We investigated whether quoll detectability using traditional ‘prey’ camera surveys could sufficiently approximate quoll detectability using targeted ‘quoll’ surveys, potentially enabling quoll data from prey surveys to be used in lieu of undertaking additional quoll-specific surveys. We used 50 Reconyx HC600 cameras to quantify and compare quoll detectability between prey and quoll surveys at each of two different sites. The number of quoll detections, number of individual quolls detected and the probability of quoll detection at both sites were significantly higher in quoll surveys than in prey surveys. Our findings suggest that prey surveys substantially underestimate quoll detectability, resulting in incomplete datasets. We therefore caution against using quoll detection data from prey camera trap surveys for anything other than incidental presence observations, to avoid misleading survey and management outcomes.
Biochar enriched compost elevates mungbean (
Authors: Mithu Md. Mehedi Hasan , Mia Shamim , Suhi Ayesa Akter , Tahura Saraban , Biswas Purnendu , Kader Md. Abdul , Kassim Susilawati , Makino Tomoyuki
Published: May 2022

Context Organic amendments including biochar can improve crop production under salt stress. However, it is still not clear whether biochar enriched compost would enhance legume performance under salt stress after fresh application and in succeeding crops. Aim The aim of the study was to examine the effect of biochar enriched compost in reducing the salinity stress after fresh application at increasing rates and in the succeeding crop. Methods In a pot trial, biochar–compost was applied at four different rates (0, 1, 2, and 3%) while mungbean was grown under five different salt stress conditions (0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 dS m−1). In the field trial, the residual effect of different organic amendments (control, compost, cow urine, compost with cow urine, biochar–compost, and biochar–compost with cow urine) was evaluated under three different salt stress conditions (0, 3, and 6 dS m−1). Soil properties, plant performance, and nutrient uptake were determined. Key Results Results revealed a significant biochar × salt treatment interaction in our pot culture. Biochar–compost application can minimise salt effects at a higher application rate resulting in better plant performance; however, these effects are minimal when salt was added at higher rates. We also observed a significant residual effect of biochar compost on biomass production (51.03%), seed yield (79.48%), and K+ uptake (77.95%) than the control treatment. We believe that biochar–compost buffered Na+ while improved plant water, and nutrient availability and uptake. In addition, biochar–compost might have increased nitrogen acquisition through enhanced biological nitrogen fixation. Conclusions Biochar enriched compost enhances the yield of legume grown under salt stress. Implications Our results suggest that biochar–compost can be one of the sustainable means for alleviating soil salinity.
(
Authors: Nemati Iman , Sedghi Mohammad , Hosseini Salekdeh Ghasem , Tavakkol Afshari Reza , Naghavi Mohammad Reza , Gholizadeh Somayeh
Published: May 2022

Seed dormancy ensures plant survival but many mechanisms remain unclear. A high-throughput RNA-seq analysis investigated the mechanisms involved in the establishment of dormancy in dimorphic seeds of Xanthium strumarium (L.) developing in one single burr. Results showed that DOG1, the main dormancy gene in Arabidopsis thaliana L., was over-represented in the dormant seed leading to the formation of two seeds with different cell wall properties. Less expression of DME/EMB1649, UBP26, EMF2, MOM, SNL2, and AGO4 in the non-dormant seed was observed, which function in the chromatin remodelling of dormancy-associated genes through DNA methylation. However, higher levels of ATXR7/SDG25, ELF6, and JMJ16/PKDM7D in the non-dormant seed that act at the level of histone demethylation and activate germination were found. Dramatically lower expression in the splicing factors SUA, PWI, and FY in non-dormant seed may indicate that variation in RNA splicing for ABA sensitivity and transcriptional elongation control of DOG1 is of importance for inducing seed dormancy. Seed size and germination may be influenced by respiratory factors, and alterations in ABA content and auxin distribution and responses. TOR (a serine/threonine-protein kinase) is likely at the centre of a regulatory hub controlling seed metabolism, maturation, and germination. Over-representation of the respiration-associated genes (ACO3, PEPC3, and D2HGDH) was detected in non-dormant seed, suggesting differential energy supplies in the two seeds. Degradation of ABA biosynthesis and/or proper auxin signalling in the large seed may control germinability, and suppression of endoreduplication in the small seed may be a mechanism for cell differentiation and cell size determination.
Diversity and distribution of the New Zealand endemic mite harvestman genus
Authors: Boyer Sarah L. , Dohr Shannon R. , Tuffield Madison S. , Shu Yoonjin , Moore Ciara D. , Hahn Katherine M. , Ward Rainah S. , Nguyen Phuong , Morisawa Rina
Published: May 2022

New Zealand is home to 30 recognised endemic mite harvestman species and subspecies, 26 of which were described by Ray Forster in 1948 and 1952. These species comprise three genera: Rakaia Hirst, 1926, Neopurcellia Forster, 1948, and Aoraki Boyer & Giribet, 2007. Here, we focus on the diversity and distribution of Aoraki: we describe A. grandis Boyer, Tuffield & Dohr, sp. nov. and A. meridialis Boyer, Hahn & Ward, sp. nov. and we synonymise A. granulosa (Forster, 1952) with A. tumidata (Forster, 1948), bringing the total of named species and subspecies to twelve, and extending the southern range of the genus by over 100 km. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed three major lineages within the genus characterised by differing levels of granulation of the male fourth tarsus. We report striking variation in the range size and level of genetic structuring present within currently recognised species and subspecies of Aoraki, and propose future studies to address evolutionary, biogeographic and taxonomic questions in the group. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BDD4D61C-B099–44D5–949C-34AD217A016F.