bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anterior subcutaneous transposition for persistent ulnar neuropathy after neurolysis
Authors: van Gent Jort A. N. , Datema Mirjam , Groen Justus L. , Pondaag Willem , Eekhof Job L. A. , Malessy Martijn J. A.
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE

Little is known about optimal treatment if neurolysis for ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow fails. The authors evaluated the clinical outcome of patients who underwent anterior subcutaneous transposition after failure of neurolysis of ulnar nerve entrapment (ASTAFNUE).

METHODS

A consecutive series of patients who underwent ASTAFNUE performed by a single surgeon between 2009 and 2014 was analyzed retrospectively. Preoperative and postoperative complaints in the following 3 clinical modalities were compared: pain and/or tingling, weakness, and numbness. Six-point satisfaction scores were determined on the basis of data from systematic telephonic surveys.

RESULTS

Twenty-six patients were included. The median age was 56 years (range 22–79 years). The median duration of complaints before ASTAFNUE was 23 months (range 8–78 months). The median interval between neurolysis and ASTAFNUE was 11 months (range 5–34 months). At presentation, 88% of the patients were experiencing pain and/or tingling, 46% had weakness, and 50% had numbness of the fourth and fifth fingers. Pain and/or tingling improved in 35%, motor function in 23%, and sensory disturbances in 19% of all the patients. Improvement in at least 1 of the 3 clinical modalities was found in 58%. However, a deterioration in 1 of the 3 modalities was noted in 46% of the patients. On the patient-satisfaction scale, 62% reported a good or excellent outcome. Patients with a good/excellent outcome were a median of 11 years younger than patients with a fair/poor outcome. No other factor was significantly related to satisfaction score.

CONCLUSIONS

A majority of the patients were satisfied after ASTAFNUE, even though their symptoms only partly resolved or even deteriorated. Older age is a risk factor for a poor outcome. Other factors that affect outcome might play a role, but they remain unidentified. One of these factors might be earlier surgical intervention. The modest results of ASTAFNUE should be mentioned when counseling patients after failure of neurolysis of ulnar nerve entrapment to manage their expectations. Patients, especially those who are elderly, might even consider not undergoing a secondary procedure. A randomized trial that includes a conservative treatment group and groups undergoing one of the several possible surgical procedures is needed to find the definitive answer for this clinical problem.
Analyzing cost-effectiveness of ulnar and median nerve transfers to regain forearm flexion
Authors: Wali Arvin R. , Park Charlie C. , Brown Justin M. , Mandeville Ross
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE

Peripheral nerve transfers to regain elbow flexion via the ulnar nerve (Oberlin nerve transfer) and median nerves are surgical options that benefit patients. Prior studies have assessed the comparative effectiveness of ulnar and median nerve transfers for upper trunk brachial plexus injury, yet no study has examined the cost-effectiveness of this surgery to improve quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). The authors present a cost-effectiveness model of the Oberlin nerve transfer and median nerve transfer to restore elbow flexion in the adult population with upper brachial plexus injury.

METHODS

Using a Markov model, the authors simulated ulnar and median nerve transfers and conservative measures in terms of neurological recovery and improvements in quality of life (QOL) for patients with upper brachial plexus injury. Transition probabilities were collected from previous studies that assessed the surgical efficacy of ulnar and median nerve transfers, complication rates associated with comparable surgical interventions, and the natural history of conservative measures. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), defined as cost in dollars per QALY, were calculated. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios less than $50,000/QALY were considered cost-effective. One-way and 2-way sensitivity analyses were used to assess parameter uncertainty. Probabilistic sampling was used to assess ranges of outcomes across 100,000 trials.

RESULTS

The authors' base-case model demonstrated that ulnar and median nerve transfers, with an estimated cost of $5066.19, improved effectiveness by 0.79 QALY over a lifetime compared with conservative management. Without modeling the indirect cost due to loss of income over lifetime associated with elbow function loss, surgical treatment had an ICER of $6453.41/QALY gained. Factoring in the loss of income as indirect cost, surgical treatment had an ICER of −$96,755.42/QALY gained, demonstrating an overall lifetime cost savings due to increased probability of returning to work. One-way sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the model was most sensitive to assumptions about cost of surgery, probability of good surgical outcome, and spontaneous recovery of neurological function with conservative treatment. Two-way sensitivity analysis demonstrated that surgical intervention was cost-effective with an ICER of $18,828.06/QALY even with the authors' most conservative parameters with surgical costs at $50,000 and probability of success of 50% when considering the potential income recovered through returning to work. Probabilistic sampling demonstrated that surgical intervention was cost-effective in 76% of cases at a willingness-to-pay threshold of $50,000/QALY gained.

CONCLUSIONS

The authors' model demonstrates that ulnar and median nerve transfers for upper brachial plexus injury improves QALY in a cost-effective manner.
Targeted fascicular biopsy of the brachial plexus: rationale and operative technique
Authors: Laumonerie Pierre , Capek Stepan , Amrami Kimberly K. , Dyck P. James B. , Spinner Robert J.
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE

Nerve biopsy is useful in the management of neuromuscular disorders and is commonly performed in distal, noncritical cutaneous nerves. In general, these procedures are diagnostic in only 20%–50%. In selected cases in which preoperative evaluation points toward a more localized process, targeted biopsy would likely improve diagnostic yield. The authors report their experience with targeted fascicular biopsy of the brachial plexus and provide a description of the operative technique.

METHODS

All cases of targeted biopsy of the brachial plexus biopsy performed between 2003 and 2015 were reviewed. Targeted nerve biopsy was performed using a supraclavicular, infraclavicular, or proximal medial arm approach. Demographic data and clinical presentation as well as the details of the procedure, adverse events (temporary or permanent), and final pathological findings were recorded.

RESULTS

Brachial plexus biopsy was performed in 74 patients (47 women and 27 men). The patients' mean age was 57.7 years. All patients had abnormal findings on physical examination, electrodiagnostic studies, and MRI. The overall diagnostic yield of biopsy was 74.3% (n = 55). The most common diagnoses included inflammatory demyelination (19), breast carcinoma (17), neurolymphomatosis (8), and perineurioma (7). There was a 19% complication rate; most of the complications were minor or transient, but 4 patients (5.4%) had increased numbness and 3 (4.0%) had additional weakness following biopsy.

CONCLUSIONS

Targeted fascicular biopsy of the brachial plexus is an effective diagnostic procedure, and in highly selected cases should be considered as the initial procedure over nontargeted, distal cutaneous nerve biopsy. Using MRI to guide the location of a fascicular biopsy, the authors found this technique to produce a higher diagnostic yield than historical norms as well as providing justification for definitive treatment.
Pilot study of intraoperative ultrasound-guided instrument placement in nerve transection surgery for peripheral nerve pain syndromes
Authors: Henning P. Troy , Wilson Thomas J. , Willsey Matthew , John Jessin K. , Popadich Miriana , Yang Lynda J. S.
Published: March 2017

Surgical transection of sensory nerves in the treatment of intractable neuropathic pain is a commonly performed procedure. At times these cases can be particularly challenging when encountering obese patients, when targeting deeper nerves or those with a variable branching pattern, or in the case of repeat operations. In this case series, the authors describe their experience with ultrasound-guided surgical instrument placement during transection of a saphenous nerve in the region of prior vascular surgery in 1 patient and in the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve in 2 obese patients. The authors also describe this novel technique and provide pilot data that suggests ultrasound-assisted surgery may allow for complex cases to be completed in an expedited fashion through smaller incisions.
Optimizing decellularization techniques to create a new nerve allograft: an in vitro study using rodent nerve segments
Authors: Hundepool Caroline A. , Nijhuis Tim H. J. , Kotsougiani Dimitra , Friedrich Patricia F. , Bishop Allen T. , Shin Alexander Y.
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE

Commercially available processed nerve allografts have been shown to be inferior to autografts in previous animal studies. The authors hypothesized that combining different processing and storage techniques will result in improved nerve ultrastructure preservation, lower immunogenicity, and minimized cellular debris. Different processing protocols were evaluated using chemical detergents, enzymes, and irradiation, with the addition the of enzyme elastase, were used. Additionally, the difference between cold and frozen storage was investigated. The goal of this study was to create an optimized nerve allograft.

METHODS

Fifty rat nerves were decellularized with modifications of previous protocols and the addition of elastase. Subsequently, the nerve segments were stored at either 4°C or −80°C. Both processed and fresh control nerves were analyzed with confocal microscopy using immunohistochemical staining on the basal lamina (laminin γ-1), Schwann cells (S100 protein), and immunogenicity using major histocompatibility complex–I (MHCI) staining. Morphology of the ultrastructure and amount of cellular debris were analyzed on cross-sections of the nerves stained with toluidine blue and H & E, and by using electron microscopy.

RESULTS

Nerve ultrastructure was preserved with all decellularization protocols. Storage at −80°C severely altered nerve ultrastructure after any decellularization method. Elastase was found to significantly reduce the immunogenicity and amount of Schwann cells, while maintaining good structural properties.

CONCLUSIONS

Reduced immunogenicity, diminished cellular debris, and the elimination of Schwann cells was observed when elastase was added to the nerve processing while maintaining ultrastructure. Storage at −80°C after the decellularization process heavily damaged the nerve ultrastructure as compared with cold storage. Further in vivo studies are needed to prove the nerve regenerative capacity of these optimized allografts.
Clinical evaluation of healing of mandibular parasymphysis fractures with teeth in the fracture line
Authors: Chowdhury Shaila , Karim Md Rezaul , Parvin Maleka
Published: March 2017

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative results of mandibular parasymphysis fracture containing tooth in the fracture line.Materials and methods: The study was conducted at department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Dhaka Dental College and hospital. A total of 20 Patients included as study population, who were divided into two groups. Group I (retained group) consisted of 10 patients (50%) in which the teeth were retained in the fracture line. Group II (Extracted group) consisted of 10 patients (50%) in which teeth were extracted following specific criteria. All Patients were treated by open reduction and fixation with stainless steel miniplate and monocortical screw. Patients were followed up at 1st week, 8th week,12th week and 24th week of postoperative period and evaluated for healing related complications of fracture like infection, delayed union, malunion, and nonunion.Results: Out of 20 cases 3 patients (15%) had developed complications. In the retained group only one complication developed which was malunion. Where as in the extracted group two complications developed, one was delayed union and another one was infection. Postoperative complications rate in retained group was 10% and in extracted group it was 20%. In the early postoperative period the frequency of infection was more in both group and was decreased gradually with passage of time. In the 1st week of postoperative period the infection rate in extracted group was 20%. On the other hand in retained group it was 10%. No case of infection was found at following 8th and 12th week. After 24th week, 10% infection rate was found in extracted group and it was 0% in retained group. 10% delayed union was found in extracted group but absent in retained group. No case of malunion was found in extracted group but it was 10% in retained group. The complications rates were lesser in retained group than extracted group.Conclusion: Teeth associated with mandibular parasymphysis fracture should not be removed on a prophylactic basis to reduce the risk of complications of fractures site without an absolute indication for removal.Update Dent. Coll. j: 2016; 6 (2): 06-12
3mix technique for Root canal failure treatment
Authors: Khalil Ibrahim , Begum Shamim Ara , Islam Md Amirul , Islam Md Miftaul , Kawsar Mohammad Ali
Published: March 2017

Progress has been made in understanding the nature of root canal infection and periapical disease. Sterilization of root canal system is one of the prominent problems. Evidences suggested that Enterococcus faecalis(E.faecalis) caused substantial root canal infections. So, elimination of such organismis important to achieve treatment success. Advance techniques and materials increase the success in Endodontics against Enterococcus faecalis. 3 mix antibiotic therapy a new biologic approach in the treatment of carious lesions.Update Dent. Coll. j: 2016; 6 (2): 27-30
Exposure of undergraduates to authentic GP teaching and subsequent entry to GP training: a quantitative study of UK medical schools
Authors: Alberti Hugh , Randles Hannah L , Harding Alex , McKinley Robert K
Published: March 2017

Background

It has been suggested that the quantity of exposure to general practice teaching at medical school is associated with future choice of a career as a GP.

Aim

To examine the relationship between general practice exposure at medical school and the percentage of each school’s graduates appointed to a general practice training programme after foundation training (postgraduate years 1 and 2).

Design and setting

A quantitative study of 29 UK medical schools.

Method

The UK Foundation Programme Office (UKFPO) destination surveys of 2014 and 2015 were used to determine the percentage of graduates of each UK medical school who were appointed to a GP training programme after foundation year 2. The Spearman rank correlation was used to examine the correlation between these data and the number of sessions spent in placements in general practice at each medical school.

Results

A statistically significant association was demonstrated between the quantity of authentic general practice teaching at each medical school and the percentage of its graduates who entered GP training after foundation programme year 2 in both 2014 (correlation coefficient [r] 0.41, P = 0.027) and 2015 (r 0.3, P = 0.044). Authentic general practice teaching here is described as teaching in a practice with patient contact, in contrast to non-clinical sessions such as group tutorials in the medical school.

Discussion

The authors have demonstrated, for the first time in the UK, an association between the quantity of clinical GP teaching at medical school and entry to general practice training. This study suggests that an increased use of, and investment in, undergraduate general practice placements would help to ensure that the UK meets its target of 50% of medical graduates entering general practice.
Suppression of Hydrogen Emission in an X-class White-light Solar Flare
Authors: Procházka Ondřej , Milligan Ryan O. , Allred Joel C. , Kowalski Adam F. , Kotrč Pavel , Mathioudakis Mihalis
Published: March 2017

We present unique NUV observations of a well-observed X-class flare from NOAA 12087 obtained at the Ondřejov Observatory. The flare shows a strong white-light continuum but no detectable emission in the higher Balmer and Lyman lines. Reuven Ramaty High-Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager and Fermi observations indicate an extremely hard X-ray spectrum and γ-ray emission. We use the RADYN radiative hydrodynamic code to perform two types of simulations: one where an energy of 3 × 1011 erg cm−2 s−1 is deposited by an electron beam with a spectral index of ≈3, and a second where the same energy is applied directly to the photosphere. The combination of observations and simulations allows us to conclude that the white-light emission and the suppression or complete lack of hydrogen emission lines is best explained by a model where the dominant energy deposition layer is located in the lower layers of the solar atmosphere, rather than the chromosphere.
Energetics and Birth Rates of Supernova Remnants in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Leahy D. A.
Published: March 2017

Published X-ray emission properties for a sample of 50 supernova remnants (SNRs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) are used as input for SNR evolution modeling calculations. The forward shock emission is modeled to obtain the initial explosion energy, age, and circumstellar medium density for each SNR in the sample. The resulting age distribution yields a SNR birthrate of 1/(500 yr) for the LMC. The explosion energy distribution is well fit by a log-normal distribution, with a most-probable explosion energy of

erg, with a 1σ dispersion by a factor of 3 in energy. The circumstellar medium density distribution is broader than the explosion energy distribution, with a most-probable density of ∼0.1 cm−3. The shape of the density distribution can be fit with a log-normal distribution, with incompleteness at high density caused by the shorter evolution times of SNRs.
Galaxies Grow Their Bulges and Black Holes in Diverse Ways
Authors: Bell Eric F. , Monachesi Antonela , Harmsen Benjamin , Jong Roelof S. de , Bailin Jeremy , Radburn-Smith David J. , D’Souza Richard , Holwerda Benne W.
Published: March 2017

Galaxies with Milky Way–like stellar masses have a wide range of bulge and black hole masses; in turn, these correlate with other properties such as star formation history. While many processes may drive bulge formation, major and minor mergers are expected to play a crucial role. Stellar halos offer a novel and robust measurement of galactic merger history; cosmologically motivated models predict that mergers with larger satellites produce more massive, higher-metallicity stellar halos, reproducing the recently observed stellar halo metallicity–mass relation. We quantify the relationship between stellar halo mass and bulge or black hole prominence using a sample of 18 Milky Way-mass galaxies with newly available measurements of (or limits on) stellar halo properties. There is an order of magnitude range in bulge mass, and two orders of magnitude in black hole mass, at a given stellar halo mass (or, equivalently, merger history). Galaxies with low-mass bulges show a wide range of quiet merger histories, implying formation mechanisms that do not require intense merging activity. Galaxies with massive “classical” bulges and central black holes also show a wide range of merger histories. While three of these galaxies have massive stellar halos consistent with a merger origin, two do not—merging appears to have had little impact on making these two massive “classical” bulges. Such galaxies may be ideal laboratories to study massive bulge formation through pathways such as early gas-rich accretion, violent disk instabilities, or misaligned infall of gas throughout cosmic time.
Safety of Biologic and Nonbiologic Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Drug Therapy in Veterans with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Burton Mary Jane , Curtis Jeffrey R. , Yang Shuo , Chen Lang , Singh Jasvinder A. , Mikuls Ted R. , Winthrop Kevin L. , Baddley John W.
Published: March 2017

Objective.

To examine the effect of disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy on hepatotoxicity among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.

Methods.

We identified biologic and nonbiologic treatment episodes of patients with RA using the 1997–2011 national data from the US Veterans Health Administration. Eligible episodes had HCV infection (defined by detectable HCV RNA) and subsequently initiated a new biologic or nonbiologic DMARD. Cohort entry required a baseline alanine aminotransferase (ALT) < 66 IU/l and quantifiable HCV RNA within 90 days prior to starting biologic/DMARD therapy. The primary outcome of interest was hepatotoxicity, defined as ALT elevation ≥ 100 IU/l or increase in HCV RNA of 1 log or more, and was examined within the first year of biologic/DMARD use. Results were reported as the cumulative incidence of treatment episodes achieving predefined hepatotoxicity at 3, 6, and 12 months after biologic/DMARD initiation.

Results.

RA patients with HCV (n = 748) were identified and contributed 1097 biologic/DMARD treatment episodes. Overall, ALT elevations were uncommon, with 37 (3.4%) hepatotoxicity events occurring within 12 months. Treatment episodes with biologic DMARD demonstrated more frequency of hepatotoxicity than did nonbiologic DMARD (4.8% vs 2.3%, p = 0.03). Among treatment episodes involving hepatotoxicity events, the majority occurred within 6 months of DMARD initiation (29/37, 78%).

Conclusion.

In US veterans with HCV and RA receiving biologic and nonbiologic DMARD, the frequency of hepatotoxicity (ALT ≥ 100 IU/l) was low, with a higher frequency observed in treatment episodes with current biologic use.
Créativité : une liberté sous contrainte ?
Authors: Goldsztaub Liliane
Published: March 2017

Créativité sous contrainte est un article qui interroge l’origine de la créativité. Est-elle nécessité structurale ou dépassement de contraintes internes ou externes ? Sont passés en revue quelques aspects structuraux qui pourraient pousser à la créativité et éviter ainsi une pathologisation de la structure psychique. Quelques exemples tirés de la peinture, du cinéma de la vie de H. Poincaré servent de support à étayer le propos.
Écriture de roman et rêve-éveillé : récit d’une expérience personnelle
Authors: Feld Alain
Published: March 2017

Je décris la façon dont j’ai commencé à écrire des romans et les parallèles qui apparaissent entre cette activité et l’analyse rêve-éveillé. Le point commun, si je relie cette expérience à un texte de F. Roustang, c’est laisser venir d’ailleurs (une production onirique/un récit) sans devenir fou, mais travailler le matériau jusqu’à ce qu’il prenne consistance et apparaisse en une nouvelle organisation.
La sexualité freudienne. Ses différents courants
Authors: Bonnet Gérard
Published: March 2017

Freud a découvert très tôt que la libido était au cœur de toute vie psychique et qu’elle était faite de courants multiples qu’il a dégagés au fur et à mesure de son œuvre. L’auteur suit cette mise à jour progressive et montre comment chaque problématique psychique tend à les cloisonner, à les confondre ou au contraire à privilégier l’un de ces courants au détriment des autres. Le vrai problème qui se pose au sujet humain est de les articuler de façon cohérente dans le rapport à l’autre autour des objets de son désir.
La sexualité dans le mariage : un avant-goût du Paradis
Authors: Bellakdar Saïd
Published: March 2017

Le fait que l’islam soit une religion sans clergé ni intercesseur auprès de Dieu implique qu’il y ait plusieurs interprétations des énoncés du Coran, texte sacré des musulmans et à prendre en compte les pratiques religieuses en fonction des époques, des lieux et des contextes et plus particulièrement l’endogamie qui a longtemps imposé le mariage entre cousins. Le Coran prescrit la sexualité de personnes de sexes différents dans le mariage et rejette formellement toutes les autres pratiques. Certains théologiens comme Ghazali ont affirmé que la sexualité dans le mariage offre un avant-goût du Paradis pour récompenser la piété des croyants. Certains courants d’un islam populaire ont décrit le Paradis selon leur désir. Ce Paradis promis a une fonction de consolation par rapport à la vie difficile menée ici-bas.
Sartre et la dramaturgie du désir
Authors: Libis Jean
Published: March 2017

L’œuvre de Sartre est immense et problématique : elle semble scindée par une rupture médiane tant la seconde orientation, qui se situe après la deuxième guerre mondiale, semble contrarier, voire contredire la première. C’est pourtant au cœur de cette dernière qu’a surgi le monument philosophique intitulé L’Être et le Néant . Les pages que l’auteur y consacre à l’analyse du désir sexuel y sont parmi les plus considérables qu’il ait produites. Se posant en critique de la psychanalyse freudienne, il apparaît néanmoins fasciné par celle-ci tout en lui opposant ce qu’il nomme la psychanalyse existentielle. La liberté en laquelle ne cesse de se projeter la conscience vient buter sur le phénomène du désir qui la saisit comme un mécanisme destinal. Le désir exige le désir, et la liberté rêve de s’engluer dans ce processus par lequel le corps fait naître la chair en une tentative d’évanouissement. En ce sens, la liberté caresse sa propre mort virtuelle. Ainsi le philosophe peut-il parler d’une aporie du désir et, plus crûment, d’un échec.
Pagnes partisans, fabrique des partis et participation politique des femmes des classes populaires au Malawi
Authors: Grassin Paul
Published: March 2017

Au Malawi, les tissus politiques arborant les couleurs et symboles des partis sont omniprésents dans l’espace public en période électorale, mais également en dehors, au quotidien, allant jusqu’à pénétrer les espaces domestiques. Cet article considère les usages du pagne partisan par les élites politiques, les militants et les simples citoyens comme un moyen d’éclairer la fabrique des partis et leur ancrage social, ainsi que les différents modes de politisation et de participation politique des femmes des catégories populaires.
Le capital-investissement comme instrument de l’action publique ou la financiarisation du développement en Afrique subsaharienne
Authors: Ducastel Antoine
Published: March 2017

À partir d’une étude empirique de deux fonds de capital-investissement dédiés à la sécurité alimentaire et au soutien à l’agriculture sur le continent africain, cet article analyse la dynamique de financiarisation de l’action publique en matière de développement.
« Demain, un jour nouveau ? » Un renversement électoral confisqué au Gabon
Authors: Aterianus-Owanga Alice , Debain Mathilde
Published: March 2017

Sous la forme d’une chronique, cet article décrit la manière dont différents enjeux ont conduit, durant l’élection présidentielle gabonaise d’août 2016, à une mobilisation électorale en faveur de l’alternance, puis à sa confiscation. S’attachant à comprendre en quoi l’élection de 2016 s’est distinguée des précédentes, il insiste sur l’érosion des mécanismes de la fabrique du consentement et sur la formation d’une mobilisation contestataire multiforme, contrastant avec la logique de consentement passif qui était auparavant considérée comme l’un des traits des rapports de pouvoir au Gabon. Il démontre que si les possibilités de renversement réel du régime au pouvoir se sont avérées limitées, les élans portés par la société civile, par une opposition structurée et par une nouvelle génération de Gabonais ont permis, durant quelques mois, d’imaginer la possibilité d’un « jour nouveau », et d’inventer des espaces de protestation politique.
Réglementer la présence des animaux en ville
Authors: Briand Julien
Published: March 2017

La ville de la fin du Moyen Âge offre un terrain d’étude particulièrement intéressant pour saisir la complexité des relations entre l’homme et l’animal et les enjeux de la présence de ces derniers en milieu urbain. Le croisement de sources à dimensions administrative, normative et judiciaire permet de pallier le caractère très épars et souvent très laconique des mentions documentaires. Nonobstant, il est possible d’étudier la genèse d’une politique de réglementation de l’élevage animal à partir de la mi-XIV e siècle, en lien avec des préoccupations sanitaires. La mise en œuvre de cette politique ne va pas sans mal, dans un contexte de menaces militaires récurrentes et du manque de sergents patrouillant dans les rues. Ces mesures contribuent malgré tout à distinguer des espaces où la présence des animaux d’élevage est licite et d’autres où elle l’est de moins en moins. Ce faisant, la question des animaux en ville s’inscrit dans une politique d’urbanisme plus globale et préfigure de profondes mutations spatiales.
Les hommes face aux animaux à Rouen au XIX e siècle
Authors: Percheron Bénédicte
Published: March 2017

Au début du XIX e siècle, les spectacles animaliers se multiplient à Rouen, plus spécifiquement à partir des années 1820. L’animal, auparavant simple denrée alimentaire, est désormais également apprécié pour sa fonction esthétique, ses capacités de dressage ou encore pour sa rareté. Parallèlement, les études zoologiques se développent dans la cité, ainsi que les collections d’histoire naturelle qui bénéficient de la présence des nombreuses ménageries de passage dans la ville. À partir des années 1870 et 1880 , le statut de l’animal évolue avec l’émergence d’une société protectrice des animaux (groupe rouennais), mais aussi avec la création des comités d’hygiène. Quant à la question de l’acclimatation des espèces, elle est abordée discrètement à la fin du siècle. Il faut cependant attendre le début du XX e siècle pour voir la création d’un parc zoologique dans la région de Rouen.
Le corps du condamné et le tissu urbain
Authors: Novák Veronika
Published: March 2017

Les XV e -XVI e siècles représentent une période où la justice royale entreprend de châtier avec acharnement les délinquances les plus diverses, ce qui veut dire qu’un nombre croissant d’exécutions doit être organisé et ordonné dans l’espace urbain. L’article s’efforce d’éclairer ce processus par l’exemple d’une ville, Paris, à travers le prisme des sources narratives offertes par les chroniques urbaines et journaux de ces deux siècles. En fait, l’ordre spatial des châtiments laisse une ample marge de manœuvre que les justiciers peuvent utiliser pour faire passer des messages par le choix des lieux d’exécution. Gibets, bûchers, corps en tourmente semblent envahir la ville et l’étude de leur disposition spatiale permet de scruter les stratégies du pouvoir royal, la rivalité des différents agents en jeu, mais aussi la perception de la criminalité et de sa punition exemplaire.
Corporéité et race : l’histoire abrégée d’une construction et de ses fonctions usuelles
Authors: Diop El Hadji Ibrahima
Published: March 2017

Cet article condense l’histoire de la construction de la race à travers le corps de l’autre ; il étudie les fonctions qui lui ont été attribuées telles que l’animalisation, l’esthétisation et la fonctionnalisation économique de la race à partir du corps d’autrui et des réponses que cela a entraîné.
Transfiguration socioculturelle à l’École normale William Ponty, prélude du panafricanisme
Authors: Niane Boubacar
Published: March 2017

Le système colonial français en Afrique noire a initié un processus de sélection/cooptation d’une élite indigène du savoir par domestication. Ledit processus s’est largement appuyé sur un système scolaire où l’École (fédérale) normale William Ponty a occupé, notamment durant la période 1913-1957, une place centrale dans la formation d’instituteurs, de « médecins africains », de commis d’administration. Le texte montre comment les « Pontins » qui faisaient partie d’un système de totalisation au sens où l’entend Erving Goffman, ont pu, in fine , échapper à l’enfermement par « déconstruction ». Autrement dit, comment et pourquoi des agents « formatés » en vue de perdre leur identité culturelle et/ou sociale, ont-ils pu devenir des anti-modèles, des « surhommes » nietzschéens ? À travers notamment leurs « cahiers » et leur « théâtre » conçus par les initiateurs comme des instruments de domestication, de contrôle d’une identité, les élèves de Ponty apparaissent à bien des égards comme sujets et acteurs d’un processus de décentrement culturel suivi d’un réarmement intellectuel et culturel, avant une transfiguration socioculturelle et politique en Afrique de l’ouest notamment. Cette déconstruction demeure une sorte de mise à mort symbolique d’une tentative d’« hybridation culturelle » initiée par la puissance coloniale.
Les jeunes des quartiers populaires : affirmer « être musulman », en réaction à la stigmatisation, dans un contexte de mondialisation
Authors: Bordet Joëlle
Published: March 2017

Cet article partie prenante du numéro de Topique intitulé « Race, identité nationale et mondialisation » propose une réflexion concernant l’évolution des dynamiques identitaires des jeunes des quartiers populaires en France dans le rapport à la mondialisation et en réaction à la stigmatisation. Lors des entretiens collectifs, menés auprès de trois cents jeunes entre seize et vingt-cinq ans sur leur façon « de naître au monde », j’ai été interpellée par l’affirmation très courante « d’être musulman » et de la fierté que cela génère. Je vise dans cet article à identifier les différentes significations de cette affirmation et son rôle dans les dynamiques identitaires et d’appartenance de ces jeunes. À l’heure où le débat national porte sur ces rapports entre les affirmations identitaires, l’Islam et la République, l’écoute de ces jeunes et l’analyse de leurs représentations permet de questionner et d’enrichir la réflexion collective actuelle.
Naturalisation de la différence en tant que race et quelques symptômes du racisme à la lumière de la psychanalyse
Authors: Bafica Coelho Marcelo , Arreguy Marília Etienne
Published: March 2017

Le racisme est un thème complexe. À travers l’histoire, beaucoup d’actions considérées aujourd’hui comme néfastes ont été réalisées pour mettre en évidence l’infériorité de certaines parties de l’humanité. Un problème de classification – et sa conséquente hiérarchisation – lié à l’impulsion de domination et de cruauté humaines est devenu la base de quelques épisodes les plus malheureux de la biographie de notre civilisation, un registre d’équivoques perverses adressées à l’autre, au différent. Dans ce présent travail, notre intention est de contribuer à l’entendement d’une partie de cette problématique, notamment au moyen d’éléments du référentiel psychanalytique freudien. En outre, cet article est traversé par des considérations de teneur philosophique, notamment en ce qui concerne le versant argumentatif et critique.
Isolated Spongy Urethral Rupture from Abrupt Coital Distractive Force
Authors: McArdle Brian J , Wille Mark A , Hollowell Courtney MP
Published: March 2017

The classic presentation of penile fracture is a cracking or snap sound, with sharp pain, immediate detumescence, swelling, deformation and ecchymosis. A penile fracture involves rupture of the tunica albuginea of one or both corpora cavernosa. Concomitant urethral rupture is reported to occur in 10% to 20% of penile fracture cases. Isolated urethral injury without penile fracture is extremely rare. We report the first case of isolated pendulous urethral rupture from an abrupt coital distractive force. We include a literature review and discussion of isolated urethral trauma secondary to sexual intercourse. Retrograde urethrography rendered a stunning clinical image which was integral to the diagnosis and management of this patient's injury.
Image-guided Percutaneous Transhepatic Removal of Fish Bone from Liver Abscess
Authors: Lau Chin Wah , Wong Kang Min , Gogna Apoorva
Published: March 2017

We present a case of a woman who was diagnosed with a hepatic abscess secondary to a migrated fish bone.  As the patient did not improve after percutaneous drainage of the abscess, image-guided percutaneous transhepatic removal of the fish bone was performed.  Fish bones in hepatic abscesses are typically removed surgically, with the fish bone left in situ in a number of cases.  There has been only another reported case of percutaneous transhepatic fish bone removal.  We conclude that in the rare case of a hepatic abscess complicating fish bone migration, image-guided percutaneous transhepatic removal of the offending foreign body is a feasible alternative to surgery, especially in high surgical risk patients.
Cultivated terraces in Slovenian landscapes
Authors: Šmid Hribar Mateja , Geršič Matjaž , Pipan Primož , Repolusk Peter , Tiran Jernej , Topole Maja , Ciglič Rok
Published: March 2017

Cultivated terraces distinctively mark the landscape and are a result of human adaptation to steep areas. Terraces were studied with regard to their morphometric qualities, ownership structure, and land use at eight pilot sites in various landscape types in Slovenia. Twenty-six detailed interviews were carried out with local residents and experts. In current agricultural practice, terraces mostly represent obstacles, and for owners they create a loss rather than profit; however, they represented an advantage in the past, when they were cultivated manually. Land use is intensifying on economically profitable terraces. Among those examined, the Jeruzalem terraces stand out because these are the youngest ones (created in socialist Yugoslavia around 1965). Because of their aesthetic value, they are the best known among the public. Profitability in particular will be an important driving force for the future maintenance of terraces.
Transformation of the Jeruzalem Hills cultural landscape with modern vineyard terraces
Authors: Pipan Primož , Kokalj Žiga
Published: March 2017

The terraced landscape in the Jeruzalem Hills is the result of specific socioeconomic conditions under communism, and now its appearance is drastically changing for the second time in the last fifty years. This article examines the creation of the new landscape layer of modern cultivated terraces and studies their disappearance and the return to a condition similar to the original state. The analysis is based on interviews and visual interpretation of aerial laser scanning (lidar) data. It focuses on the state of the landscape before terracing, the creation of terraces and formation of a terraced landscape, and its most recent transformation into slopes without terraces. It is determined that, despite the recognized aesthetic value of terraces, legal protection in the form of a nature park has not impacted their preservation because 56% of them have already been leveled. With the conversion of vineyards to vertical plantations, a new challenge is arising: increased erosion.
Microtoponyms as an important part of Slovenian cultural heritage
Authors: Škofic Jožica
Published: March 2017

This article presents a methodology for data collection and documentation of microtoponyms in the Upper Carniola/Gorenjsko dialect of Slovenian based on visual and audio recordings. Special attention is placed on transcription (phonetic or simplified phonological transcription and standardization), which should be based on a morphological analysis of the toponyms examined. Linguistic analysis and its consideration of the dialect characteristics of toponyms can help reconstruct their naming motivation and origin. The article presents selected toponyms lexicographically and cartographically.
Exonyms and other geographical names
Authors: Perko Drago , Jordan Peter , Komac Blaž
Published: March 2017

Geographical names are proper names of geographical features. They are characterized by different meanings, contexts, and history. Local names of geographical features (endonyms) may differ from the foreign names (exonyms) for the same feature. If a specific geographical name has been codified or in any other way established by an authority of the area where this name is located, this name is a standardized geographical name. In order to establish solid common ground, geographical names have been coordinated at a global level by the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN) since 1959. It is assisted by twenty-four regional linguistic/geographical divisions. Among these is the East Central and South-East Europe Division, with seventeen member states. Currently, the division is chaired by Slovenia. Some of the participants in the last session prepared four research articles for this special thematic issue of Acta geographica Slovenica. All of them are also briefly presented in the end of this article.
The effect of natural and human-induced habitat conditions on number of roe deer: case study of Vojvodina, Serbia
Authors: Marković Vladimir , Vasliljević Djordjije A. , Jovanović Tamara , Lukić Tin , Vujičić Miroslav D. , Kovačević Milutin , Ristić Zoran A. , Marković Slobodan B. , Ristanović Branko , Sakulski Dušan
Published: March 2017

Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) have greatly expanded in both distribution and abundanceduring the last few decades, and are the most abundant cervids in Europe today. The aim of this paper is to determine the factors that have the most considerable impact on roe deer numbers in the Vojvodina region (North Serbia). Environmental (area in ha, total area of forest and total area of meadows and pastures in hunting ground) and anthropogenic (number of registered hunters, number of hunting sections, number of gamekeepers and roads in km on 1,000 ha) factors had been shown to influence the number of roe deer in Vojvodina region. A multiple regression analysis was carried out as the main statistical approach. The mapping of certain parameters was done using ArcGIS 9.2 software in order to establish the relation between the roe deer population and the different environmental and anthropogenic conditions. The results signify that the roe deer number dependency in the Vojvodina region is a very complex and multi-factorial phenomenon, strongly influenced by human induced modifications.
Modification of olefinic double bonds of unsaturated fatty acids and other vegetable oil derivatives via epoxidation: A review
Authors: Noor Armylisas A. H. , Siti Hazirah M. F. , Yeong S. K. , Hazimah A. H.
Published: March 2017

The highly strained ring in epoxides makes these compounds very versatile intermediates. Epoxidized vegetable oils are gaining a lot of attention as renewable and environmentally friendly feedstock with various industrial applications such as plasticizers, lubricant base oils, surfactants, etc. Numerous papers have been published on the development of the epoxidation methods and the number is still growing. This review reports the synthetic approaches and applications of epoxidized vegetable oils.
Improving oxidative stability of olive oil: Incorporation of Spirulina and evaluation of its synergism with citric acid
Authors: Alavi N. , Golmakani M. T.
Published: March 2017

The effects of different Spirulina concentrations used alone and in combination with citric acid on the oxidative stability of olive oil were assessed. The amounts of primary and secondary oxidation products produced in Spirulina samples were lower than that of the control. The improved oxidative stability indices of Spirulina samples with and without citric acid were in the range of 85.20–94.47% and 258.10–260.21%, respectively. In comparison with the control, Spirulina samples manifested significantly higher carotenoid and chlorophyll contents at the beginning and end of the storage period. The presence of these bioactive compounds results from the presence of Spirulina in the medium and can thus retard the oxidation of olive oil. A higher oxidative stability was reached using BHT in comparison with Spirulina samples. Furthermore, no synergistic action was observed in possible connections between citric acid and Spirulina. In conclusion, Spirulina can enhance oxidative stability and improve the shelf life of olive oil.
Electric Power Transmission, Distribution Losses, and Economic Growth in Ghana
Authors: Adams Samuel , Klobodu Edem Kwame Mensah , Lamptey Richmond Odartey
Published: March 2017

This study examined the effect of electric power transmission and distribution losses (ETL) on economic growth over the period of 1971 to 2012 in Ghana. Using bounds testing approach to cointegration and Bai-Perron test in ordinary least squares framework, we find long-run relationship between ETL, gross capital formation, inflation, trade openness and economic growth. Secondly, while ETL do not have robust impact on economic growth, trade openness exerts a positive impact on economic growth in the long-run. Inflation and gross capital formation, however, have mixed relationships with economic growth. Furthermore, ETL yield a threshold value of 2.07. Finally, controlling for the urban population reveals that ETL moderates the relationship between urbanization and economic growth; higher ETL associates with an increasing negative effect on GDP per capita.
Engaging With the Participatory Geoweb
Authors: Corbett Jon M. , Cochrane Logan
Published: March 2017

Maps were historically used as tools of the elite to maintain and expand power and control. The development of participatory mapmaking and the geoweb have opened new avenues for broader citizen engagement and therefore challenge traditional power dynamics. This chapter analyzes three examples and presents experiential learning around participatory processes and VGI contributions. Specifically we explore who is contributing their information, what are their motivations and incentives, in what ways do users interact with available technologies, and how is this contributing to change? We conclude by discussing the roles of motivations, the type of contribution, organizational capacity and leadership, and objectives. In comparing and contrasting these case studies we examine the individual and organizational dynamics of engagement, and how this can better inform the discourse about VGI.
Mapping Regional Landscape by Using OpenstreetMap (OSM)
Authors: Yang Di
Published: March 2017

A forest patterns map over a large extent at high spatial resolution is a heavily computation task but is critical to most regions. There are two major difficulties in generating the classification maps at regional scale: large training points sets and expensive computation cost in classifier modelling. As one of the most well-known Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) initiatives, OpenstreetMap contributes not only on road network distributions, but the potential of justify land cover and land use. Google Earth Engine is a platform designed for cloud-based mapping with a strong computing power. In this study, we proposed a new approach to generating forest cover map and quantifying road-caused forest fragmentations by using OpenstreetMap in conjunction with remote sensing dataset stored in Google Earth Engine. Additionally, the landscape metrics produced after incorporating OpenStreetMap (OSM) with the forest spatial pattern layers from our output indicated significant levels of forest fragmentation in Yucatan peninsula.
Core Values and Formalization as Determinants of Individual Behavior in an Organization
Authors: Swiatek-Barylska Ilona
Published: March 2017

A person starting a professional career becomes a member of a chosen organization and begins to function among other people in a defined organizational culture and legal space. As he or she is an adult with a defined personality, knowledge and system of values, the manager can influence the employee's behavior not by changing the person but by shaping the work environment. As flexibility is the number one principle in organizational design nowadays, managers have to create a work environment making decisions on the continuum between formalization and management by values. The chapter describes the consequences of formalization and values orientation for individual organizational behavior, as well as outcomes such as commitment, job satisfaction and turnover intention rate.