bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGEMBANGAN APLIKASI KUMPULAN RUMUS MATEMATIKA SMA BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Hidayat Dody , Ramli Ramli , Purba Tenti Astria
Published: October 2020

Rumus matematika adalah ringkasan atau ketetapan ilmu matematika yang dilambangkan dalam bentuksimbol, huruf atau angka dan dinyatakan dalam bentuk ringkas. Rumus-rumus matematika sangatmembantu para siswa dalam proses mempelajari matematika. Untuk mempermudah para siswa dalammenggunakan rumus-rumus matematika dikembangkan sebuah Aplikasi Kumpulan Rumus MatematikaSMA Berbasis Android dalam bahasa pemrograman Java menggunakan Eclipse IDE mengikuti alur metodeSDLC Watefall Model. Adanya Aplikasi Kumpulan Rumus Matematika SMA Berbasis Android ini dapatmempermudah para siswa dalam mencari rumus-rumus matematika dan menyajikan penggunaan rumusrumusmatematika dalam bentuk contoh soal.
Coordenação motora fina: do Direito às propostas pedagógicas da Pedagogia Waldorf em disgráficos / Fine Motor Coordination: from Law to the Waldorf Pedagogy pedagogical proposals for dysgraphics
Authors: Fonseca Santuza Mônica de França P. da , Ivo Aurenisia Coutinho , Seabra Magno Alexon Bezerra , Figueiredo Francisco José Garcia , Guedes Michelle Amaral Albuquerque , Sales Naiara de Souza , Meireles Larissa Sousa Henrique de , Silva Ângela Maria Félix da
Published: October 2020

Objetivamos compreender a disgrafia e sua questão fulcral, que é a coordenação motora fina, a partir do Direito às propostas pedagógicas baseadas na Pedagogia Waldorf. O referido transtorno não se reflete necessariamente sobre a capacidade intelectual, porém interfere na capacidade de escrita, o que provoca um mau rendimento escolar. Quanto aos aspectos da motricidade, numa perspectiva holística, resgatamos o filósofo Rudolf Steiner, com sua proposta pedagógica denominada Pedagogia Waldorf. Steiner (2000), nos alerta nos seus estudos, a importância do contato com a natureza, e de um ambiente rico em vivências práticas e brinquedos naturais para o desenvolvimento da coordenação motora das crianças, tanto a ampla como a coordenação motora fina. Para Steiner (1999) o movimento é essencial e, no período que percorre do nascimento aos sete anos, as crianças estão completando o desenvolvimento de seu corpo físico. A escrita é uma das habilidades humanas mais importantes e expressivas e a Pedagogia Waldorf, pois auxilia a criança a desenvolvê-la, proporcionando inúmeras possibilidades na aproximação com os elementos vivos, no desenvolvimento dos sentidos, e de vários saberes que, ao longo de seu processo educativo, vão ampliar o seu mundo e fornecer valores éticos, saudáveis, de compaixão e cuidado com as coisas da vida e do planeta que habita. Ademais, lançam-se pistas de atividades que poderão auxiliar os pais, professores e profissionais, para que as crianças e jovens superem os inúmeros desafios presentes na aquisição da escrita. É necessário que as crianças e os jovens que apresentam o transtorno, sejam compreendidos e atendidos em suas necessidades, e que encontrem seus lugares no mundo para tornarem-se protagonistas das suas próprias histórias.
Time Series Analysis of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Sabzevar Northeastern Iran Using Segmented Regression Model
Authors: Barati Hadis , Ayubi Erfan , Iranpour Sohrab , Barati Mohammad , Allah-Abadi Ahmad , Hashemi Nazari Seyed Saeed
Published: October 2020

Background and aims: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is one of the most important parasitic diseases in the world. Sabzevar city is endemic area for CL in the north east of Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate the time distribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Sabzevar County using the segmented regression model. Methods: This ecological study used the existing data related to the rural districts of Sabzevar County that were obtained from the Health Deputy of this county during 2011-2017. In addition, the segmented regression model was applied to evaluate the time trend of CLs. Finally, Joinpoint software was used for time series analysis. Results: A total of 1912 CL cases occurred in Sabzevar County from 2011 to 2017, with an incidence rate of 93.61 per 100000. The highest and lowest observed incidence rates were in 2011 (25 per 10000 persons) and 2015 (3.24 per 10000 persons), respectively. Based on the results, the annual incidence of CL in the intended region decreased and the annual percent change was equal to -22.40. Further, the time series analysis using segmented regression by rural districts showed a change point in the trend of the incidence of leishmaniasis in three rural districts (Pain Joveyn and Joghatai in 2014 and Qasabeh-ye Sharqi in 2013). In other words, the trend was different before and after the change point in the mentioned districts. Conclusion: In general, the results indicated that interventional, preventive, and therapeutic measures for breaking the chain of CL transmission in Sabzevar have been desirable in recent years. Eventually, it is suggested that further time-series studies be conducted at the level of the month or a longer interval in order to better evaluate the period effect and secular trend.
Profile of Injection Drug Users in Kermanshah, Iran
Authors: Gheibipour Hamid , Khodakarim Soheila , Sharhani Asaad , Etemad Koorosh , Shokri Abolghasem
Published: October 2020

Background and aims: Injection drug use is considered as an international public health threat that can lead to serious health-related outcomes. The aim of this study was to obtain a profile of injection drug users (IDUs) in Kermanshah, Iran, in 2017. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 606 male IDUs who were recruited from 2 drop-in centers in Kermanshah using a snowball sampling method. Continuous and categorical variables are expressed as the mean and standard deviation, as well as frequency and percentage, respectively. Results: The mean age of participants in this study was 36.7±8.51 years and at first drug injection was 29.35±8.04 years. In addition, the highest frequency of injection drugs belonged to heroin (99.00%), methamphetamine (86.00%), and opium (85.00%), respectively. However, the lowest injection drugs were opium syrup (0.50%), ecstasy (0.50%), and amphorphine (0.20%). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, heroin, methamphetamine, and opium had the highest frequency injection among male IDUs in Kermanshah, and the age of the first drug injection was low among these individuals. Accordingly, wider coverage prevention programs are highly recommended, including harm reduction programs, counseling centers with improved quality of services, treatment programs, and greater attention to human resource development-based counseling and education.
Effects of Pomegranate Peel Extract and Vitamin E on Quality of Life in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Jafari Tina , Mahmoodnia Leila , Saeedi Mohsen
Published: October 2020

Background and aims: Quality of life (QOL) is poor in hemodialysis (HD) patients. High oxidative stress and inflammatory conditions disturb their normal physiological, emotional, and physical functions. This study aimed to assess the effects of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) alone and in combination with vitamin E (Vit E) as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory substances on QOL of HD patients using Short-form 36 (SF-36) QOL questionnaire. Methods: This study was a double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial on HD patients. A total of 100 HD patients were randomly divided into 4 equal groups as follows: Pom+Vit E group, which received 2 PPE tablets + 1 Vit E soft gel daily, Pom group, which received 2 PPE tablets+1 Vit E placebo soft gel daily, Vit E group, which received 1 Vit E soft gel+2 PPE placebo tablets daily, and Placebo group, which received 2 PPE placebo tablets + 1 Vit E placebo soft gel daily. The intervention duration was 8 weeks. The stratified block randomization method based on sex, age, HD duration, and employment status was used for randomization. Results: The mean age of participants ranged between 51 and 57 years with an HD duration of 9-11.2 months. Bodily pain score and general health score significantly increased in the Pom group and Pom+ Vit E group. The emotional role functioning score of the Pom+Vit E group was significantly higher than that of the placebo group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The consumption of PPE and Vit E had beneficial effects on mental components but not the physical components of QOL. Moreover, combination therapy was more effective than single therapy.
Social Epidemiology of Perceived Discrimination in the United States: Role of Race, Educational Attainment, and Income
Authors: Assari Shervin
Published: October 2020

Background and aims: This study aimed to compare non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) American adults for the associations of educational attainment and household income with perceived racial discrimination. Methods: The 2010 National Alcohol Survey (NAS N12), a nationally representative study, included 2635 adults who were either NHB (n=273) or NHW (n=2362). We compared NHBs and NHWs for the associations between education, income, and perceived racial discrimination. We used linear regression for data analysis. Outcome was perceived racial discrimination; the predictors were educational attainment and household income; covariates were age and gender; and moderator was race. Results: In the total sample, high income was associated with lower levels of perceived racial discrimination, while educational attainment was not significantly associated with perceived racial discrimination. There was also an interaction between race and education but not household income, suggesting a difference in the association between educational attainment and perceived racial discrimination between NHB and NHW individuals. For NHW individuals, household income was inversely associated with perceived racial discrimination. For NHB individuals, however, household income was not related to perceived racial discrimination. For NHB but not NHW individuals, educational attainment was correlated with more not less perceived racial discrimination. Conclusion: High income protects NHW but not NHB individuals against perceived racial discrimination, and NHB individuals with high education levels report more not less perceived racial discrimination.
Different collagenase delivery for Dupuytren disease in public hospitals
Authors: Paynter Jessca A , Tobin Vicky , Leong James CS , Rozen Warren Matthew , Hunter-Smith David J
Published: October 2020

Background: The delivery protocol of collagenase Clostridium histolyticum (collagenase) injection for Dupuytren’s disease is variable, due to limited evidence for any one approach and widespread ‘off-label’ delivery occurring in Australia. As such, this preliminary study aimed to assess whether different collagenase delivery protocols for treating Dupuytren’s disease have an impact on effectiveness and safety. It was hypothesised that different collagenase delivery would affect outcomes.
Methods: This preliminary, prospective study included a consecutive cohort of adult patients with Dupuytren’s disease being treated with collagenase within two Australian public hospitals to determine whether different collagenase delivery protocols impact on effectiveness and safety. The therapeutic effect was measured objectively using the total passive extension deficit (TPED), clinical success and clinical improvement. Three patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were used: Unité Rhumatologique des Affections de la Main (URAM), the Southampton Dupuytren’s Scoring Scheme and the Canadian Occupational Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS).
Results: The delivery of collagenase was variable at both clinics. The number of patients treated with collagenase at Institute I and Institute II was 49 and 18, respectively. Clinical success was achieved in 42 per cent of the Institute I and 35 per cent of the Institute II cohort. A statistically significant reduction in all three PROMs was observed for both cohorts. No significant differences between effectiveness or safety was found when comparing the two cohorts.
Conclusion: The delivery of collagenase was variable at Institutes I and II, but these differences did not appear to impact the effectiveness or safety of collagenase delivery.
Infrared imaging and prevention of skin flap necrosis in bilateral skin sparing mastectomies
Authors: McNaught Alexa , O'Connor Amy , Livingston Ryan
Published: October 2020

N/A
Review of the superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap: recommendations to the approach of a groin perforator flap
Authors: Song Christopher , Bhogesha Sandeep , Song Colin
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) flap has gained in popularity due to its thinness and superior donor site scar. However, there exist inconsistencies in the description of the surgical anatomy of the SCIP flap. The aim of this quantitative review was to provide a summary of published evidence to the surgical approach to such flaps.
Methodology: A literature review of the MEDLINE® and Cochrane databases was conducted. Articles were assessed by two reviewers using predefined data fields and selected using specific inclusion criteria. The two authors independently reviewed the literature and discrepancies were resolved by consensus.
Results: Included for evaluation were 39 articles. Of these, 30 fulfilled the criteria for surgical dissection, 16 for surgical anatomy and nine for preoperative imaging. The arterial anatomy of the groin perforator flap is variable and in 0.9 per cent of cases the pedicle originates from the superficial inferior epigastric artery rather than the superficial circumflex iliac artery (SCIA). The flap pedicle length is probably dependent on patient build and the course of the source vessel, rather than which groin perforator it is based on. CT is the gold standard preoperative imaging and should be used given the anatomical unpredictability. Lymphatics under the inguinal ligament and medial to the femoral artery should be preserved.
Conclusion: This quantitative study provides a guide to safe groin perforator flap harvest and surgical pearls to consider for surgical planning. The usage of this flap remains novel and further long-term outcomes have yet to be established.
Cosmetic surgery treatment injuries: the New Zealand experience both at home and from cosmetic surgery tourism
Authors: Wheeler Jonathan
Published: October 2020

Objective: This article attempts to understand the number of complications arising in patients returning to New Zealand from cosmetic surgery tourism destinations with reference to the number of patients with complications from cosmetic surgery undertaken in New Zealand.
Methods: Data were requested under the New Zealand Official Information Act 1982 from the Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) regarding the number of claims for treatment injury following cosmetic surgery undertaken both in New Zealand and overseas for the period 1 July 2014 to 30 June 2019. Also, a prospective audit was conducted of patients admitted to Middlemore Hospital over the one-year period March 2018 to March 2019 for complications arising as a result of cosmetic surgery tourism. 
Results: A total of 1048 claims were made to the ACC for treatment injuries arising from cosmetic surgery in New Zealand and from overseas treatment over the five-year period to 30 June 2019. Of these, 738 were accepted by the ACC, with the leading three events being breast reduction/reconstruction, breast implant/augmentation and septorhinoplasty. Bariatric surgery, vein treatment/sclerotherapy, orthodontics and isolated septoplasties were excluded by the ACC as not being ‘cosmetic surgery’. The ACC valued the total cost of treatment of these accepted claims at NZ$6.3 million dollars. 
Conclusion: Data outlining the complications arising from cosmetic surgery in New Zealand and overseas indicate a concerning burden of care required for patients who have had cosmetic surgery overseas.
New Zealand plastic and reconstructive surgery workforce: update and future projections
Authors: Peacock Amanda , Adams Brandon , Tan Swee
Published: October 2020

Objectives: Population growth in New Zealand (NZ) has occurred faster than previously forecast. As a result, previous workforce predictions are outdated and must be adjusted to ensure adequate access to plastic and reconstructive surgery (PRS) services. This paper presents an update of the PRS workforce and its projected needs, and the distribution of reconstructive surgeons (PRSn) in NZ.
Methods: The number of practising PRSn and trainees, and the total medical workforce were reviewed, along with population statistics modelling with a focus on the ageing population. Comparisons were made to previous data and forecasts from 2013.
Results: Previous population modelling predicted that NZ would reach five million by 2027. However, updated population data show that this figure was surpassed in 2020 and that the population will be approximately 5,374,655 in 2028. The PRS workforce has continued to grow in relation to overall population growth. The PRSn to population ratio (PRSPR) has improved since 2013 with a current ratio of approximately 1/69,000. However, a vast workforce maldistribution remains.
Conclusion: The overall PRSPR in NZ appears satisfactory for the ageing population. However, the vast workforce maldistribution remains unchanged and this presents a barrier to equitable access to public PRS services, especially in provincial NZ.
Pitfalls of telehealth in the management of skin cancer: a COVID-19 perspective
Authors: Lu David , Webb Angela
Published: October 2020

n/a
Aesthetic, cosmetic and reconstructive: why words matter
Authors: Sheen Robert
Published: October 2020

n/a
Quarantine
Authors: Ashton Mark , Lee Mark
Published: October 2020

n/a
A Case Study on Attitudes and Motivation among Filipino-Germans towards Language
Authors: SyGaco Sonia B
Published: October 2020

Acquiring two languages such as English and Cebuano during migration is an interesting challenge for nine young Filipino-German migrants living in Dumaguete City, Philippines which is dubbed as one of the best places to retire in the world. Attitudes and motivation play a significant part in learning the second language with the consequence of forgetting the mother tongue due to its non-use. The respondents are divided into short -term migrants who migrated less than five years and long-term migrants who moved to Dumaguete for more than five years and beyond. In the motivation and attitude study, only the short-term migrants answered neutral for attitude towards German people and attitude towards Filipino people. The rest of the categories yielded moderately agree answers. Finally, majority of the short-term migrants believed that speakers of other languages perceived them as German speakers while people in the community thought that long-term migrants speak Cebuano, English fluently but actually attrited in their native language.
Logic Images in Edward Albee’s The American Dream
Authors: Hulaib Mohanad Naeem , Janoory Lajiman , Waham Jihad Jaafar
Published: October 2020

The "American dream" is known to be the model of opportunity, an indication of America's exceptional destiny, where one and all can welcome himself and get what he merits. Tragically, the fantasy of Edward Albee in the play composed by him in 1960 ended up being very a long way from this thought. In the play, Albee obliterates the picture of his incredible nation. He appears the American dream even with an attractive, yet a rationally mangled Young Man, without the capacity to cherish, accept, trust, however, is prepared to do anything for cash. So the Young Man gets the wealthy Mommy and Daddy with the main aim of getting cash, regardless of how however much as could be expected. Yet, surprisingly his entry in their home uncovers the mystery that the bosses kept for their entire lives. When they had embraced a kid - his twin sibling - and he began hollering with great swears. At that point the guardians did not falter to assuage him (directly in the soul of "dark amusingness"), they put out his eyes, tore out his hands, hauled out his tongue. At the point when the receptive youngster finally kicked the bucket, his sibling on the opposite part of the bargain encountered a religious passing: his heart all of a sudden wound up numb, he was as though torn from his body, and from that point forward he can't love, feel empathy or some other emotions.
Overview of Ghana’s Export and Import, FDI inflow and outflow: Is there any connection between its trading partners and the source of its foreign investing countries?
Authors: Yeboah Evans , Jing Yu , Lucy Anning
Published: October 2020

Foreign direct investment inflows and outflows, export and import are seen as some of the major factors for transforming a country’s economic growth and development. This paper provides and evaluate literature review on importation and exportation alongside inward and outward FDI in Ghana. By considering some selected countries such China, India, the United States of America, and the United Kingdom in determining whether there is some sort of connection between Ghana’s trading partners and investing countries in its economy by the use of quantitative method. The results show that Ghana’s export values have improved rapidly over the past years with a continuous decrease in its imports. The outcome further proves that, at the initial level, export from Ghana to China, India, US and UK were of lower values and with much effort by the Ghana government to control the balance of trade deficit from these major trading partners is in the process of achieving the goal, as the country has been experiencing balance of trade surplus from China and India except in the situation US and UK. It was also revealed that China, India, US and UK are not only major trading partners, but also top investing nations in Ghana. It is suggested Ghana should increase its outward FDI and also encourages its multinational companies to embark on cross-boarder investment.
The Impact and Application of Smart Grid on Global Energy Delivery
Authors: Koroma Mohamed , Sawaneh Ibrahim Abdulai
Published: October 2020

This paper presents a detailed survey of global energy delivery and smart grid approaches. Particularly in the sense that shows the impacts on the production of energy resources globally. How can energy losses be reduced, primarily by implementing smart grid approaches? Power transfers and reduction of energy sources can be made by smart grids with information technology (I.T) such as sensors digital meters and communication networks.  Energy from photovoltaic and wind power are some of the energy delivery systems that have gained attention since they are cheap and environment-friendly and do not emit greenhouse gas. Presently available grid is insufficient to serve future systems. For this reason, an intelligent grid system is required to support future needs for society. This paper expounds on the impacts of the existing power delivery system and suggests a smart grid for global energy delivery on a better management system.
Overhead Line Fault Detection and Control using Internet of Things (IoT)
Authors: M Monica , P Sivakumar , S Sivani , D Sandhiya , J Shameem Fathima , S Hithesh Kumar
Published: October 2020

In the modern era transmission line is the most important part of the power system. Its allegiance and requirement of power is grown up exponentially. The major role of transmission lines is to transmit electric power from the source area to distribution network. Transmission line protection is an important issue in power system because 85-87% of power system faults are occurring in transmission line. Energy leakage is one of the major problems that corporates faces in recent times. Only way to solve this problem is to come up with a mechanism that can detect the fault in transmission line automatically and intimate the authorities with a specific location. In this work the device uses the sensor to sense the voltage flow in the transmission line and detect if there is a variation in the voltage flow. If fault is detected, it can be automatically controlled by using relay and the system is also integrated with IoT mechanism, to intimate the responsible person with location information.
The Portrayal of Women in Facebook Memes
Authors: Etee Nowshin Jahan
Published: October 2020

Facebook has become an integral part in this age of social media. Both the young generation and older adults nowadays use Facebook for social interaction. Facebook has become a global platform where anyone can create a Facebook account and share their ideas, thoughts, activities, and feelings. Moreover, they can share their photos and videos on Facebook. Sometimes they share photos with some written text to satire or to make fun of other people. These elements spread around the social networking sites and float from one person to another. People usually recognize them as memes. People use memes to get shared and liked by others. But sometimes these memes carry wrong perceptions and messages which can create false consciousness among the people. The notion of gender is culturally and socially constructed. Social media sites for long are reinforcing the concept of gender stereotyping through its content. These sites are invisibly controlling people’s life by transferring the stereotyped ideology. Some Facebook memes are portraying women in the way gender roles have been represented until now in social media sites. This study aims to analyze the portrayal of women on Facebook memes. In this regard, this study used purposive sampling and selected 15 Facebook memes as samples.
OXIGENACIÓN DE LA SOLUCIÓN NUTRITIVA RECIRCULANTE Y SU EFECTO EN TOMATE Y LECHUGA
Authors: Martínez-Gutiérrez Gabino A. , Ortiz-Hernández Yolanda D. , López-Pozos Roberto
Published: October 2020

La oxigenación inadecuada de la solución nutritiva afecta la absorción de nutrientes y de agua, con efectos negativos en el desarrollo de los cultivos. En este estudio se evaluó la incorporación de oxígeno en un sistema hidropónico recirculante por dos métodos pasivos: aumentar la pendiente del contenedor y agregar saltos hidráulicos en cultivos de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) y lechuga (Lactuca sativa L.). Se utilizaron contenedores de 24 m de longitud con 2 y 4 % de pendiente y de cero a tres caídas como saltos hidráulicos de la solución nutritiva. Se midió el oxígeno disuelto en cada salto hidráulico a la entrada y salida del contenedor. En ambos cultivos se midió el peso fresco de la planta y de la raíz, peso seco y volumen de la raíz. En tomate se determinó el peso de los frutos por planta. En lechuga el máximo peso fresco de la planta se obtuvo en contenedores con 4 % de pendiente y tres saltos hidráulicos. En tomate, el peso de frutos fue mayor en contenedores con 2 % de pendiente y tres saltos hidráulicos, o con 4 % de pendiente y dos saltos hidráulicos.
Kimyasal Silahlara Yönelik Olarak Alinan Önlemlerin Kimyasal Silahlar Sözleşmesi Perspektifinde Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: YAĞMUROĞLU Ozan
Published: October 2020

Kimyasal silahların keşfiyle birlikte insanoğlu büyük bir tehdit ile karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Bu silahlar kitle imha silahları olarak da adlandırılmakta ve kullanıldıkları bölgede asker, sivil ayırt etmeksizin kitlesel insan ölümlerine sebebiyet vermektedir. Kimyasal silahların üretimlerinin ve geliştirilmelerinin kolay olması ile halk üzerinde olumsuz yönde psikolojik etkileri bulunması sebebiyle ülkeler kimyasal savunma alanındaki çalışmalara ağırlık vermiştir. I. Dünya Savaşı esnasında kimyasal silah kullanımına bağlı olarak çok sayıda insan hayatını kaybetmiş veya yaralanmıştır. II. Dünya Savaşı başlamadan ise sinir ajanları kimyasal silah yapımında kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Böylece kimyasal silahların insanlık üzerindeki tehdidi çok daha kritik bir noktaya ulaşmıştır. Özellikle II. Dünya Savaşı ve soğuk savaş döneminde kimyasal silah geliştirilmesi ve sinir ajanı üretimi hiç olmadığı kadar artmıştır. Artan tehdit nedeniyle kimyasal silah yapımında kullanılan kimyasalların üretimine, depolanmasına, transferine yönelik hukuki bir tedbir alma zorunluluğu doğmuştur. Devletlerarası yürütülen görüşmeler neticesinde söz konusu hususlara yönelik tedbir alınması maksadıyla Kimyasal Silahlar Sözleşmesi'nin hazırlanması ve yürürlüğe konulması kararlaştırılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, sözleşmeye taraf olan devletlerin yükümlülükleri, yükümlülüklerinin yerine getirilip getirilmediğine yönelik yapılan kontrol faaliyetleri, imzacı devletlerden elinde kimyasal silah bulunanların imha sürecinde izleyeceği prosedür, kimyasal silah yapımında kullanılan kimyasalların bilimsel çalışma amacıyla kullanılması durumunda uyulması gereken kurallar üzerine odaklanılacaktır.
Afet Risklerinin Azaltılmasında Sivil İnsiyatiflerin Rolü: TRI DRR Örneği
Authors: KUZUCUOGLU Alpaslan Hamdi , BAŞBUĞ ERKAN Burçak
Published: October 2020

Afetlerin global ölçekte yıkıcı etkisi vardır ve her yerde afet aynı dili kullanır. Ancak alınacak önlemler doğrultusunda etkileri azaltılabilir. Dünyada değişik kültür ve yaşam tarzının, değişik ekonomilerle birlikte bulunması afetin etkileri açısından ülkeler bazında değişiklik göstermektedir. Aynı büyüklükte meydana gelen bir deprem toplumların kırılganlıklarına göre farklı sonuçlar göstermektedir. Afet öncesi yapılacak hazırlık ve zarar azaltma çalışmaları kadar afet sonrasında da yapılacak hasar, kayıp ve acil durum sonrası ihtiyaç değerlendirmesi çalışmaları da önemlidir. Afetlerde meydana gelen deneyimlerle ihtiyaçların belirlenmesi, acil durum ve afetlerle ilişkili olası sonuçların değerlendirilmesi, stratejilerin belirlenmesi ülkelerin kalkınma planlarında da yer almaya başlamıştır. Bununla birlikte çerçeve programları, rehberler de toplumların afet risk azaltma çalışmalarına destek vermektedir. Sivil insiyatifler ve STK lar doğal afet riski bulunan ve daha önce doğal afet yaşayan topluluklar üzerinde zarar azaltma metotlarını araştırması ve yaşananlardan dersler çıkarması gerekmektedir. Afet riski taşıyan bölge topluluklarını araştırmak, risk azaltma için en uygun araçları yaygınlaştırmak için çaba göstermelidir. Bunun bir örneği olarak çalışma kapsamında sivil insiyatif TRIDRR’ın çalışmaları vurgulanmıştır.
Preprints South Asia Survey 2020: A Report
Authors: Das Susmita , Gutam Sridhar
Published: October 2020

A survey on conducted to know the status of awareness and attitude particularly towards preprints among the research scholars, scientists and librarians in the South Asian region during the months of April and May 2020 had maximum responses from India (83.71%) and majority of Agricultural Sciences (54%) discipline. Respondents ranked ‘Journal’s Impact Factor’ at the top factor for selecting journals to publish. Seventy five percent had at least 25% of their publications in Open Access and had paid the APCs (65.33%) for publications and the source of funds are personal pooling (30.34%). While 61.72% read preprints, 27.03% have not heard about preprints and 11.26% never read the preprints. However, those read, 64.42% trust the preprints. And why they share preprints is because of ‘belief in open access’ (39.91%), ‘rapid feedback’ (23.53%) and ‘timely sharing results’ (21.72%). With regard to citing preprints, 60.36% never cited any preprints and 79.73% respondent’s preprints were never cited. However, the respondents mentioned that indexing, citing, visibility, consideration in assessment & evaluation will motivate the authors to share preprints.
Building and precision assessment of regression models for determining of cereals’ and legumes’ crop yield based on Earth remote sensing data and climatic characteristics
Authors: Stepanov Alexey , Aseeva Tatiana , Dubrovin Konstantin
Published: October 2020

Crop yields are strictly dependent from natural and climatic conditions of the growing region, in addition specific weather conditions in the southern part of the Far East necessitates the analysis of a large number of factors when building a predictive regression model. The article presents regression models for assessing the average productivity of the main crops in Chernigovsky district of Primorsky region: soybean, spring wheat, barley and oat. Between 2012 and 2018 the sown area of these crops ranged from 78 to 86 % of the total sown area in the Chernigovsky district. We used the indicators obtained from Earth remote sensing data (the maximum weekly NDVI per year, calculated from the mask of arable land in the Chernigovsky district) and meteorological characteristics (from 2008 to 2018): hydrothermal Selyaninov coefficient, the duration of the growing season, temperature and humidity of the upper soil layer, photosynthetically active radiation and the Budyko radiation index. Climatic characteristics of arable land, representing reanalysis data and combining ground based and remote observations, were obtained using the Vega–Science web–service. Also, we used data about sown area and gross crop in the Chernigovsky region from 2008 to 2018. It was found that average annual oat yield has the biggest coefficient of variation (31.5 %). The corresponding indicator for the remaining crops is in range from 16 to 18 %. The accuracy analysis of the obtained models showed that the average error of the model in period from 2008 to 2017 was 4.1 % for barley, 5.1 % for oat and spring wheat, and 5.4 % for soybean.
Determig the reference value of Cesium-137 specific activity on arable slopes in the periglacial area of the Upper Oka basin: application of satellite images, GIS and soil agrochemical indicators
Authors: Trofimetz Lyubov , Panidi Evgeny , Chaadaeva Natalia , Sankova Elena , Ivaneha Taras , Tyapkina Angela , Petelko Anatoly , Ladnova Galina
Published: October 2020

The paper deals with the issues of determining the reference value of specific activity of cesium-137 of Chernobyl origin when applying the radiocesium method to assess the loss of gray forest soil in the areas of spread of the microrelief of paleocryogenic origin in the periglacial region of the upper Oka basin. Paleocryogenic microrelief is recognized in spring satellite imagery available on Google EarthTM. The necessity of choosing a reference plot for a specific field that differs in microrelief, exposure, and the nature of soil cultivation is substantiated. The authors analyze the data, which they obtained during the field research in 2016-2019, on three agricultural fields located on the arable slopes of the northern and southern exposure in the upper Oka basin within the Orel district of the Orel Region. Three experimental plots, selected in close proximity to one another, differed both in exposure and in the content of humus, labile phosphorus and radiocaesium in the arable layer. Layer-by-layer soil sampling at block elevations within the reference plots located on watershed surfaces, gamma-spectrometric and agrochemical analyzes of soil samples allowed us to draw a number of systematically important conclusions. The first is that the reference value of radiocaesium in the arable layer should be determined within block elevations on the watershed surface of the slope or on inter-valley micro-water divisions on the water-divide surface (if it is not possible to select a reference plot on the watershed surface). The second is that the dimensions of the reference plots are determined by the size of the block elevations (the sizes of blocks in the area under study are 10-20 m). The third is that the reference value of radiocaesium should be determined individually for each field that differs in exposure and in the nature of the soil treatment. In the experimental plot, the reference value of the specific activity of cesium-137 increases in the following order: a field located on the water-divide surface of the northern exposure slope, with a grain rotation, with regular fertilizing (130.5 Bq/kg) — a field located on the watershed surface of the eroded slope southern exposure (174.7 Bq/kg) — a field located on the water-divide surface of a less fertilized and less eroded slope of the northern exposure (180 Bq/kg).

The results of the study show that the use of the radiocaesium method in periglacial areas requires testing a fundamentally new approach to its implementation: at the stage of determining the reference value of radiocaesium, it is necessary to take into account the polygonal-block structure of the watershed surfaces.
Creating of geodatabase of melioration system of the Kaliningrad Region
Authors: Alsynbaev Kamil , Bryksin Vitaly , Zhegalina Lilia , Kozlov Anton , Nazarov Igor
Published: October 2020

The article describes the experience of creating a geodatabase of the melioration system of the Kaliningrad region for integration into an agriculture management automated system. The uniqueness of this melioration system is the scale of drainage facilities created during East Prussia time and Soviet period. The characteristic of the current condition of melioration system facilities is given. Actual problems and potential risks in the context of climate change are highlighted. The relevance of digitalization in melioration sector of public administration and in in the context of transboundary cooperation is explained.

The primary data model, the structure of cartographic layers, and the composition of attribute information are considered. The features of the initial data and the problems of their preparation are described. The technology of inputting poorly formalized data has been developed. Authors used own service programs for geometry control, topology, and automation of operations, which allows increasing the productivity and accuracy of data input in comparison with standard means of basic geographic information systems.

Thematic maps, examples of which are given, are the information basis for monitoring of drained lands of the Kaliningrad region to make environmental and economic management decisions. Promising areas of application of the geodatabase are proposed: geoportal project based on server data storage with using satellite information; project for hydrological modelling of hazardous and catastrophic occurrence in various melioration subsystems.

The created geodatabase allows increasing the efficiency of processing and analysis of information about melioration systems on a local and regional scale enables the geographic visualization, helps in melioration management making-decisions.
Possibility of determining the nitrogen content in winter wheat plants during the earing phase using remote sensing data
Authors: Eroshenko Fedor , Storchak Irina , Engovatova Irina , Likhovid Andrey
Published: October 2020

The study examined the possibility of using remote sensing Data (RED, NIR, NDVI) for monitoring winter wheat crops in production conditions for nitrogen content in plants. This work is divided into two stages: 1) analysis of the correlation between NDVI indicators and nitrogen content on production crops of the North-Caucasian FNAC; 2) comparative analysis of the correlation between nitrogen content and remote sensing data in the conditions of the “Rodina” agricultural enterprise in the Shpakovsky district of the Stavropol territory.

Selection of plant samples (sheaf material) was carried out according to the generally accepted method. Repeatability — 4-fold. The chemical composition of plant organs was determined using the method of V.T. Kurkaev and co-authors, and the chlorophyll content was determined by Y.I. Milaeva and N.P. Primak. We used the earth remote sensing data provided by the Terra satellite and obtained by the Modis scanning Spectroradiometer.

At the first stage, the relationships between the nitrogen content in winter wheat plants and the values of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were studied. At the early stages of growth and development of winter wheat plants, high correlation coefficients between these indicators were obtained. Thus, the correlation coefficient on average for the fields in 2012 was equal to -0.89, and in 2013 and 2014 — -0.82. In later phases of growth and development of winter wheat plants, this relationship was not observed.

At the second stage, it was found that it is advisable to use the red reflection index to assess the nitrogen content at the local level (a separate agricultural enterprise) in the earing phase. In this case, there is a stable inverse correlation — the average for three years of research was -0.71. When other remote sensing indicators (NDVI and NIR) are used in the analysis, the links are either absent or less apparent.
Possibilities of remote sensing data in the assessment of the thickness of the top layer of distributed soil
Authors: Chashchin Aleksey , Gilev Vitaliy
Published: October 2020

An important indicator of soil fertility is the thickness of the fertile layer, which is significantly reduced during anthropogenic impact and partially restored during reclamation. The data of remote sensing of the Earth (RS) allow to quickly evaluate the thickness of the fertile soil layer of disturbed areas. The purpose of the work is to study the possibility of using the vegetation index NDVI for remote assessment of the thickness of the fertile layer of technologically disturbed soils. The object of research is the soil cover of agricultural land represented on 26 land plots with a total area of 3 ha. According to satellite images, the initial state of the soil cover of the territory was uniform. The NDVI cartograms reflect the dynamics of projective cover by plants in space and time. According to NDVI, a significant change in the projective cover was established compared with the initial state of the territory. It was established that the thickness size of the applied fertile layer affects the rate of development of biomass of herbaceous plants. The closest reliable relationship between NDVI and the fertile soil layer is observed after the appearance of the first seedlings in the reclaimed territiry. The correlation coefficients of NDVI with the thickness of the fertile soil layer are 0.65 on average over the plots and 0.71 at specific points of measurement of the fertile layer.
Studying the peculiarities of agricultural lands with the use of digital relief models
Authors: Teslenok Kirill , Mushtaykin Anton , Teslenok Sergey
Published: October 2020

The article highlights the stages of work during which the impact of individual terrain properties on arable farming was identified. The possibility of using digital elevation models (DEM) to identify those characteristics that can have a significant impact on such lands was studied. Findings have been made about the relationship between these features and the sites, and their place among other arable land features has been determined.

The initial step was to select the baseline data for the area under study and obtain it in the form we needed. Here, techniques for automated DEM acquisition are being developed. At the next stage, individual terrain characteristics, complexity of their acquisition and ranking by importance for this methodology were considered and analyzed. At the final stage the analysis of agricultural lands, their connection with the relief and its characteristics was carried out, practical conclusions were drawn and recommendations were made based on them.

It should be noted that the study area — the Vindrei River basin — is very illustrative for showing the advantages of the technology being developed. Its territory is occupied both by extensive agricultural land and forest areas. During the development of the methodology it was important to demonstrate the possibilities of using the technology in the field of nature management and improving economic efficiency of the area.
BURDEN OF PROOF OF CUSTOMS VALUATION DISPUTES IN INDONESIAN TAX COURT
Authors: Ardiansyah Ardiansyah , Suganda Atma
Published: October 2020

In applying the burden of proof of customs valuation disputes in the Indonesian tax court, some judges place the burden of proof to the importers, while others distribute the burden of proof to the customs administration. So, the legal problem that occurred in this study is regarding a different interpretation in applying the burden of proof. To solve that problem, it is necessary to research how the burden of proof applies in Tax Law through a comparative legal approach and research on how customs law regulates the burden of proof through a statute approach on WTO law and Indonesian customs law. The research results lead to one conclusion that the burden of proof can be shifted to companies or taxpayers if they cannot complete the evidence and documents required by tax or customs administration. However, the provision regarding the burden of proof for customs valuation is not clearly regulated in Indonesian Customs Law. Furthermore, the different interpretation in distributing the burden of proof among the judges is caused by the doctrine of freedom of proof based on tax court procedural law.
ASPECTS CREATIF THINKING IN SHORT STORIES OF MONKEY, DOG, AND GINKGO TREE BY JASNI MAT LANI
Authors: Aron Norfazila
Published: October 2020

This study aims to analyze aspects of creative thinking in the Collection Short Stories Monkeys, Dogs, and Ginkgo Trees by Jasni Matlani. This study was conducted to identify aspects of creative thinking and as well as apply creative thinking based on SPB4L Theory. In this study, the researcher used the Theory SBP4L Integrated Thinking System (Upper, Born, Logic, and Lateral) by Yusof Hassan. Based on this theory, noble thinking as well as logical thinking is a thought that is often associated with storytelling. Noble thinking is a spiritual aspect of life. Meanwhile, logical thinking, on the other hand, emphasizes the facts and an event that happened to form history in life. In addition, the researcher limited the study by studying a total of 5 stories in a group of short stories. This work was chosen as the study material because it contains elements of identity, pure values, and community life that are described to non-human beings. The analysis of this study found that the creative thinking aspect is used as best as possible by the author. This study revolves around the personal patterns of society itself and is shown through non-human characters and history through stories in the Collection Short Story of Monkeys, Dogs, and Gingko Trees. In conclusion, this study not only shows the creativity and perseverance of the artist but also can see the adaptation between human values with the SPB4L theoretical approach.