bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conceptualizing Landscapes Through Language: The Role of Native Language and Expertise in the Representation of Waterbody Related Terms
Authors: Purves Ross S. , Striedl Philipp , Kong Inhye , Majid Asifa
Published: April 2023

Landscapes are essential to human life: they provide a multitude of material (food, water, pollination) and nonmaterial (beauty, tranquility, recreation) values. Their importance is enshrined in international conventions and treaties, committing signatories to protecting, monitoring, and managing all landscapes. Yet, relatively little is known about how people conceptualize “landscape” and its constituents. There is emerging evidence that conceptualizations of landscape entities may influence landscape management. This in turn raises the question as to how people speaking different languages, and with differing levels of expertise, may differ in conceptualizing landscape domains as a whole. In this paper, we investigated how people conceptualize landscape‐related terms in a specific domain—waterbodies—by comparing German and English‐speaking experts and nonexperts. We identified commonly used waterbody terms in sustainability discourses in both languages, and used those terms to collect sensory, motor, and affective ratings from participants. Speakers of all groups appear to conceptualize the domain of waterbody terms in comparable ways. Nevertheless, we uncovered subtle differences across languages for nonexperts. For example, there were differences in which waterbodies were associated with calm happiness in each language. In addition, olfaction seemingly plays a role in English speakers’ conceptualization of waterbodies, but not German speakers. Taken together, this suggests the ways in which people relate to landscape although shared in many respects may also be shaped in part by their specific language and culture.
Distribution of genus numbers of abelian number fields
Authors: Frei Christopher , Loughran Daniel , Newton Rachel
Published: April 2023

We study the quantitative behaviour of genus numbers of abelian extensions of number fields with given Galois group. We prove an asymptotic formula for the average value of the genus number and show that any given genus number appears only of the time.
Study of Cross-Scale Micro-Motion Wear Characteristics of Metallic Rubber
Authors: Bai Yonggang , Huang Zhou , Shi Xianjie , Guo Zhuotao , Huang Zihao , Ren Zhiying
Published: April 2023

Metal rubber (MR) is a kind of elastic porous material with a complex and disordered internal structure, which results in wear characteristics that can only rely on tests but cannot meet the engineering application. This paper presents an exciting method for studying wear characteristics based on its virtual fabrication technology. By developing the intricate internal multipoint random contact mesh model of MR, a virtual real-time dynamic tracking contact point in a different state is captured. A thorough investigation is conducted into the contact point properties, point distribution, and the interaction of discrete contact points in MR interior space. Accordingly, a cross-scale micro-motion wear study method from micromorphology to macroscopic performance is proposed. The continuous wear cycle of MR is discretized into multiple single-turn metal wire elements by applying the principle of equal spacing. A statistical model of internal contact point wear of MR at the microlayer is developed considering the metal wire’s single-turn fretting wear prediction model. The cumulative prediction model of macroscopic wear damage of MR is based on the superposition of micro-element interval. Finally, the difference between the mass loss and that obtained from the simulation analysis after performing dynamic loading tests at different cycles was studied and found to be insignificant.
Dimensional Discussion of Traction Force Vector on Ball/Raceway Interface and Study of Bearing Dynamic Behavior
Authors: Ma Shuaijun , Yin Yanjing , Zhu Linbo , Yan Ke , Zhu Yongsheng
Published: April 2023

As a crucial component, rolling bearings directly determine the reliability of rotating equipment. However, current dynamic models for predicting the bearing performance either ignore the velocity and stress dispersion at the ball/raceway interface or fail to consider the spin moment generated within the interface. To address this issue, the discrete features of the velocity and stress distribution are considered in this paper, and the micro-element approach is used to construct formulas to obtain the traction vectors in two and three dimensions, respectively. Two bearing dynamic models are further developed for these two types of equations: one model considers the spin moment at the interface owing to unequal contact angles between the ball and the two raceways, while the other model ignores this moment. The reliability of these models is validated by comparison with experimental test results, including cage speed and oil film thickness. The predictions from the quasi-static model are used as theoretical values to compare the ability of the two models to simulate bearing performance under different operating conditions. The results show that the prediction results of the model considering the spin moment are closer to the theoretical values than those of the model ignoring this moment. However, the moment increases the friction at the ball/raceway interface, causing this model to underestimate the extent of bearing sliding.
Training Load Quantification in Women’s Elite Football: A Season-Long Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Karlsson Ulrik B. , Vagle Markus , Wiig Håvard , Luteberget Live S.
Published: April 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate (1) if there are differences in training load and intensity between the different training days within a microcycle and (2) if training load and intensity within the different training days are stable over the course of a season. Data were collected over a full season from a team in the women’s premier division in Norway. External load (total distance, high-speed-running distance, sprint distance, and the combined number of accelerations and decelerations [ACCDEC]) was assessed using a 10-Hz GPS system with a built-in accelerometer. Internal load was assessed through session rating of perceived exertion, which was multiplied with session duration (session rating of perceived exertion-load). Training days were classified in relation to their proximity to the upcoming match day (MD): MD − 4, MD − 3, MD − 2, and MD − 1. Contents on these days were standardized according to a weekly periodization model followed by the coaching staff. Differences between training days were analyzed using a linear mixed-effects model. All training days were significantly different from each other across multiple variables. ACCDEC values were highest on MD − 4 (147.5 [13.0] ACCDEC count), and all distance variables were highest on MD − 3. All measures of training load were significantly reduced from MD − 3 to MD − 2 (effect size [ES] = 1.0–4.1) and from MD − 2 to MD − 1 (ES = 1.6-4.3). A significant negative effect across the season was observed for session rating of perceived exertion-load and ACCDEC (ES = 0.8–2.1). These results provide evidence that elite female football teams can be successful in differentiating training load between training days when implementing a weekly periodization approach.
Overcoming the coupled climate and biodiversity crises and their societal impacts
Authors: Pörtner H.-O. , Scholes R. J. , Arneth A. , Barnes D. K. A. , Burrows M. T. , Diamond S. E. , Duarte C. M. , Kiessling W. , Leadley P. , Managi S. , McElwee P. , Midgley G. , Ngo H. T. , Obura D. , Pascual U. , Sankaran M. , Shin Y. J. , Val A. L.
Published: April 2023

Earth’s biodiversity and human societies face pollution, overconsumption of natural resources, urbanization, demographic shifts, social and economic inequalities, and habitat loss, many of which are exacerbated by climate change. Here, we review links among climate, biodiversity, and society and develop a roadmap toward sustainability. These include limiting warming to 1.5°C and effectively conserving and restoring functional ecosystems on 30 to 50% of land, freshwater, and ocean “scapes.” We envision a mosaic of interconnected protected and shared spaces, including intensively used spaces, to strengthen self-sustaining biodiversity, the capacity of people and nature to adapt to and mitigate climate change, and nature’s contributions to people. Fostering interlinked human, ecosystem, and planetary health for a livable future urgently requires bold implementation of transformative policy interventions through interconnected institutions, governance, and social systems from local to global levels.
Fixing the desalination membrane pipeline
Authors: McCutcheon Jeffrey R. , Mauter Meagan S.
Published: April 2023

Materials discovery alone has not translated into lower-cost water treatment
Top-down design of protein architectures with reinforcement learning
Authors: Lutz Isaac D. , Wang Shunzhi , Norn Christoffer , Courbet Alexis , Borst Andrew J. , Zhao Yan Ting , Dosey Annie , Cao Longxing , Xu Jinwei , Leaf Elizabeth M. , Treichel Catherine , Litvicov Patrisia , Li Zhe , Goodson Alexander D. , Rivera-Sánchez Paula , Bratovianu Ana-Maria , Baek Minkyung , King Neil P. , Ruohola-Baker Hannele , Baker David
Published: April 2023

As a result of evolutionary selection, the subunits of naturally occurring protein assemblies often fit together with substantial shape complementarity to generate architectures optimal for function in a manner not achievable by current design approaches. We describe a “top-down” reinforcement learning–based design approach that solves this problem using Monte Carlo tree search to sample protein conformers in the context of an overall architecture and specified functional constraints. Cryo–electron microscopy structures of the designed disk-shaped nanopores and ultracompact icosahedra are very close to the computational models. The icosohedra enable very-high-density display of immunogens and signaling molecules, which potentiates vaccine response and angiogenesis induction. Our approach enables the top-down design of complex protein nanomaterials with desired system properties and demonstrates the power of reinforcement learning in protein design.
In Science Journals
Authors: Vignieri Sacha , Funk Michael A. , Jiang Di , Osborne Ian S. , Delaney John K. , Malo Courtney S. , Alderton Gemma , Lopez Bianca , Kelly Priscilla N. , Nusinovich Yevgeniya , Ray L. Bryan , Maroso Mattia , Baek Amy E. , Williams Ifor
Published: April 2023

Highlights from the
Science
family of journals
“What’s Your Thinking behind That?” Exploring Why Biology Instructors Use Classroom Discourse
Authors: Donham Cristine , Andrews Tessa C.
Published: April 2023

Instructor discourse, defined as verbal interactions with students in the classroom, can play an important role in student learning. Instructors who use dialogic discourse invite students to develop their own ideas, and both students and the instructor share ideas in back-and-forth exchanges.
Metasediments from the lower crust reveal the history of the Picuris orogeny, southwest USA
Authors: Ringwood Mary F. , Rudnick Roberta L. , Kylander-Clark Andrew R.C.
Published: April 2023

Petrologic and geochronologic data for metapelitic lower crustal xenoliths from New Mexico (USA) and Chihuahua (Mexico) states provide evidence for both a magmatic and collisional component to the enigmatic Mesoproterozoic Picuris orogeny. These garnet-sillimanite-bearing metapelites are found within the southern Rio Grande rift at Kilbourne Hole and Potrillo Maar in southern New Mexico and northern Chihuahua. Geothermobarometry and rutile with Quaternary U-Pb dates indicate equilibration in the local lower crust, which is actively undergoing ultra-high temperature (UHT) metamorphism (Cipar et al., 2020). The samples contain older detrital zircons dating back to the Paleoproterozoic, marking their deposition at the surface. Coupled zircon U-Pb dates and trace-element ratios (e.g., Gd/Yb) show a clear transition from oscillatory-zoned, low-Gd/Yb detrital magmatic zircon to featureless, high-Gd/Yb metamorphic zircon between 1500 and 1400 Ma, marking the transition from subduction to collision during this period. Metamorphic zircon and monazite grew in two major intervals. The first, between ca. 1450 and 1350 Ma, documents the journey of the sediments to depth within the orogen and provides evidence of extended Mesoproterozoic metamorphism in the region. The second corresponds with UHT metamorphism that commenced at ca. 32 Ma and is associated with the Rio Grande rift. Whereas nearly all garnets are homogeneous in both major and trace elements, a single garnet from one sample has a core defined by abundant quartz and acicular sillimanite inclusions. The core and rim of this garnet is homogeneous in major and most trace elements, but the rim is enriched in the slowest diffusing elements, Zr and Hf, which likely indicates rim growth at higher temperatures. We interpret the garnet core to have grown at the time of emplacement of the sediments into the lower crust. Because this occurred in the sillimanite stability field and because the metamorphic zircon and monazite all have negative Eu anomalies, indicating their equilibration with feldspar (stable at depths of <45 km), we conclude that the sediments were not emplaced via subduction and/or relamination of forearc sediments, but were instead metamorphosed under warmer, shallower conditions in an orogenic setting. Collectively, the data point to a collisional orogen during the inferred timing of the Picuris orogeny. These samples may therefore define the location of the Picuris suture zone, a key feature of this orogenic event.
Liquid–Crystal Structure Inheritance in Machine Learning Potentials for Network-Forming Systems
Authors: Balyakin I. A. , Ryltsev R. E. , Chtchelkatchev N. M.
Published: April 2023

It has been studied whether machine learning interatomic potentials parameterized with only disordered configurations corresponding to liquid can describe the properties of crystalline phases and predict their structure. The study has been performed for a network-forming system SiO2, which has numerous polymorphic phases significantly different in structure and density. Using only high-temperature disordered configurations, a machine learning interatomic potential based on artificial neural networks (DeePMD model) has been parameterized. The potential reproduces well ab initio dependences of the energy on the volume and the vibrational density of states for all considered tetra- and octahedral crystalline phases of SiO2. Furthermore, the combination of the evolutionary algorithm and the developed DeePMD potential has made it possible to reproduce the really observed crystalline structures of SiO2. Such a good liquid–crystal portability of the machine learning interatomic potential opens prospects for the simulation of the structure and properties of new systems for which experimental information on crystalline phases is absent.
Estimated neonatal survival of very preterm births across the care pathway: a UK cohort 2016–2020
Authors: Seaton Sarah E , Agarwal Ridhi , Draper Elizabeth S , Fenton Alan C , Kurinczuk Jennifer J , Manktelow Bradley N , Smith Lucy K
Published: April 2023

Objective

Currently used estimates of survival are nearly 10 years old and relate to only those babies admitted for neonatal care. Due to ongoing improvements in neonatal care, here we update estimates of survival for singleton and multiple births at 22+0to 31+6weeks gestational age across the perinatal care pathway by gestational age and birth weight.

Design

Retrospective analysis of routinely collected data.

Setting

A national cohort from the UK and British Crown Dependencies.

Patients

Babies born at 22+0to 31+6weeks gestational age from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2020.

Interventions

None.

Main outcome measures

Survival to 28 days.

Results

Estimates of neonatal survival are provided for babies: (1) alive at the onset of care during the birthing process (n=43 763); (2) babies where survival-focused care was initiated (n=42 004); and (3) babies admitted for neonatal care (n=41 158). We have produced easy-to-use survival charts for singleton and multiple births. Generally, survival increased with increasing gestational age at birth and with increasing birth weight. For all births with a birthweight over 1000 g, survival was 90% or higher at all three stages of care.

Conclusions

Survival estimates are a vital tool to support and supplement clinical judgement within perinatal care. These up-to-date, national estimates of survival to 28 days are provided based on three stages of the perinatal care pathway to support ongoing clinical care. These novel results are a key resource for policy and practice including counselling parents and informing care provision.
BiallelicNPR1loss of function variants are responsible for neonatal systemic hypertension
Authors: Capri Yline , Kwon Theresa , Boyer Olivia , Bourmance Lucas , Testa Noe , Baudouin Véronique , Bonnefoy Ronan , Couderc Anne , Meziane Chakib , Tournier-Lasserve Elisabeth , Heidet Laurence , Melki Judith
Published: April 2023

Background

Early-onset isolated systemic hypertension is a rare condition of unknown genetic origin. Renovascular, renal parenchymal diseases or aortic coarctation are the most common causes of secondary systemic hypertension in younger children and neonates. We investigated the genetic bases of early-onset isolated systemic hypertension.

Methods

Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was followed by variant filtering and Sanger sequencing for validation and familial segregation of selected variants in a large consanguineous family. mRNA expression was performed to evaluate the impact of the predicted pathogenic variant on gene expression. WES or Sanger sequencing was performed in additional unrelated affected individuals.

Results

In one consanguineous family with four children presenting with isolated neonatal-onset systemic hypertension, we identified homozygous stop–gain variant in theNPR1gene (NM_000906.4:c.1159C>T (p.Arg387Ter)) in the affected individuals. This variant leads to a dramatic reduction of NPR1 RNA levels.NPR1gene analysis of additional families allowed the identification of another family with two affected children carrying homozygous frameshift variant inNPR1(NM_000906.4:c.175del (p.Val59TrpfsTer8)).

Conclusion

We show for the first time that biallelic loss of function ofNPR1is responsible for isolated neonatal-onset systemic hypertension in humans, which represents a new autosomal recessive genetic cause of infantile systemic hypertension or cardiogenic shock. This is consistent with studies reporting early-onset systemic hypertension and sudden death in Npr1-deficient mice.NPR1gene analysis should be therefore investigated in infants with early-onset systemic hypertension with or without cardiogenic shock of unknown origin.
Daring discourse: economics of neuromodulation for the treatment of persistent spinal pain syndrome and complex regional pain syndrome
Authors: Provenzano David Anthony , Heller Jared Aaron
Published: April 2023

The treatment options for patients with chronic pain conditions are impacted by recent research, patient needs, and insurance coverage. Although various factors affect the cost of healthcare, the economic burden on the patient and the healthcare system must be considered when choosing the appropriate treatments for each patient. This Daring Discourse aims to review and further clarify existing economic evaluations and thus examine cost-effectiveness with regards to neuromodulation for the treatment of persistent spinal pain syndrome and complex regional pain syndrome. Specific consideration is given to spinal cord stimulation, as it is a widely studied and implemented neuromodulation modality for the treatment of these debilitating conditions.
Matter radius of the doubly-magic $$^{56}$$Ni measured in a storage ring
Authors: von Schmid M. , Aumann T. , Bagchi S. , Bönig S. , Csatlós M. , Dillmann I. , Dimopoulou C. , Egelhof P. , Eremin V. , Furuno T. , Geissel H. , Gernhäuser R. , Harakeh M. N. , Hartig A.-L. , Ilieva S. , Kalantar-Nayestanaki N. , Kiselev O. , Kollmus H. , Kozhuharov C. , Krasznahorkay A. , Kröll Th. , Kuilman M. , Litvinov S. , Litvinov Yu. A. , Mahjour-Shafiei M. , Mutterer M. , Nagae D. , Najafi M. A. , Nociforo C. , Nolden F. , Popp U. , Rigollet C. , Roth R. , Roy S. , Scheidenberger C. , Steck M. , Streicher B. , Stuhl L. , Thürauf M. , Uesaka T. , Weick H. , Winfield J. S. , Winters D. , Woods P. J. , Yamaguchi T. , Yue K. , Zamora Cardona J. C. , Zenihiro J. ,   EXL Collaboration
Published: April 2023

The matter radius of the doubly magic$$^{56}$$56Ni was extracted from a measurement of the differential cross section by employing, for the first time, elastic proton scattering in inverse kinematics with a radioactive beam at$$E_{kin}=390.2$$Ekin=390.2 MeV/nucleon circulating in a storage ring and passing an internal hydrogen gas-jet target with a revolution frequency of around 2 MHz. The novel experimental scheme is based on UHV-compatible Si detectors operated as active vacuum windows, which were implemented in the ESR storage ring at GSI. A matter radius$$^{1/2}=3.74^{+0.03}_{-0.06}$$1/2=3.74-0.06+0.03 fm was extracted for the doubly-magic self-conjugate nucleus$$^{56}$$56Ni.
A bouncing cosmology from VECROs
Authors: Brandenberger Robert , Mitchell Gabrielle A.
Published: April 2023

We argue that, in the same way that in a black hole space-time VECROs will form in order to cancel the gravitational effects of a collapsing mass shell and prevent the formation of a singularity, in a contracting universe a gas of VECROs will form to hold up the contraction, prevent a Big Crunch singularity, and lead to a nonsingular cosmological bounce.
A Shared Hippocampal Network in Retrieving Science-related Semantic Memories
Authors: She Hsiao-Ching , Huang Li-Yu , Duann Jeng-Ren
Published: April 2023

In responding to the calls for revisiting the role that hippocampus (HIP) plays in semantic memory retrieval, this study used functional neuroimaging-based connectivity technique to elucidate the functional brain network involved in retrieving the correct and incorrect science-related semantic memories. Unlike episodic memory retrieval, the 40 scientific concepts learned during middle and high school were selected to assess 46 science majors’ semantic memory retrieval and correctness monitoring, which requires neither the support of spatial information nor events to retrieve the memory. Our results demonstrated that HIP was significantly and robustly engaged in the semantic memory retrieval of correct scientific concepts than incorrect ones. Importantly, the Granger causality analysis indicated that effective connectivity of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] was shared by the semantic memory retrieval of both correct and incorrect scientific concepts. On the other hand, the strengths of connectivity in the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] brain networks appeared more pronounced during the processing of correct scientific concepts than of incorrect ones. The shared hippocampal networks highlight the role of the HIP as a hub to coordinate the INS, ACC, and MTG, in turn, support the semantic memory retrieval of scientific concepts.
Hawking radiation in multi-horizon spacetimes using Hamilton–Jacobi method
Authors: Singha Chiranjeeb , Nanda Pritam , Tripathy Pabitra
Published: April 2023

It has been recently shown that the contribution between the horizons determines the Hawking temperature for a multi-horizon spacetime. In this paper, we apply the Hamiltonian–Jacobi method to compute the Hawking temperature for some multi-horizon spacetimes like Schwarzschild–de Sitter (SdS) spacetime, Reissner–Nordstrom–de Sitter (RNdS) spacetime and rotating BTZ (RBTZ) black hole spacetime and also arrive at the same conclusion. There are two contributions to the tunneling process of radiation. The combination of these two contributions gives the radiation with the Hawking temperature with an effective surface gravity.
Magnetic spherical indicatricies in Minkowski 3-space
Authors: Güler Fatma , Bayram Ergin , Kasap Emin
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we examine curves drawn by a timelike or spacelike curve[Formula: see text] on the pseudo-hyperbolic sphere [Formula: see text] and the unit Lorentzian sphere [Formula: see text]in three-dimensional Minkowski space [Formula: see text] We present Lorentz forces and magnetic curves produced by the Frenet frame [Formula: see text] on spherical indicatricies in a magnetic field of the curve [Formula: see text]. We calculate magnetic vector fields of magnetic curves for [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, we define magnetic flux surfaces constructed by magnetic vector fields along magnetic spherical indicatricies. We obtain developability conditions for these surfaces. Finally, we illustrate magnetic flux surfaces with some interesting examples.
A combinatorial derivation of the standard model interactions from the Dirac Lagrangian
Authors: Beil Charlie
Published: April 2023

A composite model of the standard model particles was recently derived using the Dirac Lagrangian on a spacetime where time does not advance along the worldlines of fundamental dust particles, called an ‘internal spacetime’. The aim of internal spacetime geometry is to model certain quantum phenomena using (classical) degenerate spacetime metrics. For example, on an internal spacetime, tangent spaces have variable dimensions, and spin wavefunction collapse is modeled by the projection from one tangent space to another. In this article, we show that the combinatorial structure of the internal Dirac Lagrangian yields precisely the standard model trivalent vertices, together with two new additional (longitudinal) [Formula: see text] vertices that generate the four-valent boson vertices. In particular, we are able to derive electroweak parity violation for both leptons and quarks. We also obtain new restrictions on the possible spin states that can occur in certain interactions. Finally, we determine the trivalent vertices of the new massive spin-[Formula: see text] boson predicted by the model.
Probing atomic-scale structure of dielectric ceramics with scanning transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Zhang Min , Wei Rui , Zeng Jinquan , Lin Yuan-Hua
Published: April 2023

High performance dielectric capacitors are ubiquitous components in the modern electronics industry, owing to the highest power density, fastest charge–discharge rates, and long lifetime. However, the wide application of dielectric capacitors is limited owing to the low energy density. Over the past decades, multiscale structures of dielectric ceramics have been extensively explored and many exciting developments have been achieved. Despite the rapid development of energy storage properties, the atomic structure of dielectric materials is rarely investigated. In this paper, we present a brief overview of how scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is used as a tool to elucidate the morphology, local structure heterogeneity, atomic resolution structure phase evolution and the correlation with energy storage properties, which provides a powerful tool for rational design and synergistic optimization.
Synthesis of Gadolinium-Doped Molybdenum Diselenide Nanospheres for Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Determination of Essential Amino Acid in Human Serum and Milk Samples
Authors: Jeromiyas Nithiya , Govindasamy Mani , Alothman Asma A. , Ouladsmane Mohamed , Huang Chi-Hsien
Published: April 2023

The electrocatalytic activity and electronic conductivity of 2D transition metal chalcogenides are usually enhanced by as follows the ideal strategy such as doping or substitution heterogeneous atoms. Here, a rare Earth metal ion of gadolinium (Gd3+) was doped with MoSe2 and synthesized through the hydrothermal method. The morphology and nanostructure of Gd3+ with MoSe2 spheres were analyzed under X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron, High-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis, Field emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Furthermore, the Gd3+ doped MoSe2 sphere modified glassy carbon electrode (Gd@MoSe2/GCE) was used for the sensing of tryptophan. The Gd@MoSe2 modified GCE shows remarkable sensing performance of tryptophan resulting in a linear range (20 nM–220 μM) with a low detection limit (6.7 nM). Under the optimal condition, the developed electrochemical sensor was successfully used to determine tryptophan (TRP) in blood serum and milk samples. The electrochemical biosensing results suggest that the doping of the Gd3+ doped MoSe2 sensor is a promising electrocatalyst in biological and food samples.
Doubling down on best practices: reflecting on teaching physiology during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Petzold Andrew M. , Fry Jessica L.
Published: April 2023

This literature review examines and categorizes the repository of publications in physiology education that occurred during and related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation attenuates hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Yan Jun , Tian Mengchen , Zhao Ying , Bian Rong
Published: April 2023

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is currently applied in various neuropsychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of TMS on hypertension and its mechanism. We found TMS attenuates hypertension after T4 or L2 spinal column stimulation via reduction of catecholamines in male spontaneously hypertensive rat. Treatment with TMS may be a strategy for hypertension therapy in the future.
Venous capacity and compliance in hypertensive adults: influence of hypoxia and hyperoxia
Authors: Fan Jui-Lin , Sayegh Ana Luiza C. , Babbage Thalia , Dawes Mathew , Paton Julian F. R. , Fisher James P.
Published: April 2023

Hypertension remains a significant global health problem. Although hypertension research and therapies are keenly focused on the heart and arterial circulation, the venous circulation has been neglected comparatively. We determined whether hypoxia, known to cause peripheral chemoreflex activation, evoked more pronounced changes in lower limb venous capacity and compliance in hypertensives (HTN) than in age-matched normotensives (NT). We found that hypoxia reduced venous capacity in the great saphenous vein in HTN and increased its compliance twofold. However, hypoxia did not affect venous function in NT. Our data indicate the venomotor response to hypoxia is enhanced in hypertension, and this may contribute to the hypertensive state.
The Effect of Seed Priming to Improve Germination Parameters and Early Growth of Chickpea (Cicer arietnum L)
Authors: Charachimwe Reason R. , Chandiposha Misheck , Manjeru Pepukai
Published: April 2023

Chickpea is one of the new crops being grown in Zimbabwe for its plethora of benefits in crop production and human diet. However, like most grain legumes preliminary research has shown that chickpea seed has a problem of poor germination hindering the realization of the crops full potential yield. Seed priming has a potential to improve germination of chickpea. Therefore, a laboratory experiment was carried out to determine the effects of seed priming on seed germination. The experiment was laid out as a 4 × 5 factorial in completely randomised design (CRD) with 20 treatments replicated three times. The treatments investigated were five seed priming methods viz hydro-priming, halo-priming (KNO3), prechill, preheat, and no priming (control); and four chickpea varieties that were ICCV00305, ICCV03404, ICCV97105, and ICCV92944. Hydro-priming involves soaking seed for 24 hours and leaving it to dry in the laboratory for 24 hours at room temperature before it is planted. Halo-priming was done by soaking the seed in a solution with 2.4 g of potassium nitrate and 1.2 ml of distilled water. Prechill treatment involves subjecting seed at a temperature of 10°C for 7 days before planted. Preheating was done by subjecting the seed in an oven at 35° C for 30 minutes. The parameters measured were germination percent, speed of germination, radicle and plumule length, and seedling vigor index. The results showed that preheating and halo-priming chickpea seed significantly

p
<
0.05

improved germination percentage, increased radicle and plumule length, and seedling vigor index. Hyro-priming and no priming reduced germination percentage, decreased radicle and plumule length with poor seedling vigor. Results also indicated that variety ICCCV92318 recorded the highest germination percentage, radicle and plumule length, and seedling vigor index, while variety ICCV97114 recorded the least figures on all tested parameters of chickpea. It can be concluded that preheating seed and halo-priming seed improved germination and seedling vigor in chickpea.
The Role of the United States in the Relation between Iran and China as Two Key Members of the Asian Global Supply Chain
Authors: Liu Tony Tai-Ting , Faez Sahand E. P.
Published: April 2023

With the birth of Fordism and the expansion of the markets beyond the states’ borders, national supply chains have evolved into international and global supply chains. Some countries fared much better than others in becoming an irreplaceable part of the said chain. For instance, one could mention Iran due to its rich oil reserves and geopolitical position on the globe, China with its cheap human capital and high-profit margins, and the US with its massive reach all around the world. This study examines the US’s mediatory effect on Iran-China’s relations. Consequently, a derivative of the gravity model has been devised to test the said hypothesis. The dependent variables to test this hypothesis are China’s imports from Iran and China’s exports to Iran. The model controls the two states’ currency value, their inflation rate, and the price of crude oil. Furthermore, the signing of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action in 2015 and the US’s Maximum Pressure Policy in 2017 are the main variables of interest in the model in form of two dummy variables. The study employs a novel multidisciplinary approach both on the methodology front by introducing an abstract conception of distance and on the epistemology front by combining international economics literature with that of the international relations. According to the results, the US’s foreign policy has a significant buffering effect on the trade between Iran and China. In other words, the United States acts as a distancing factor between the two states of Iran and China. This distancing effect, however, is stronger for China’s imports from Iran in comparison to China’s exports to Iran.
Performance of Polymer Composite Constituted Cabinet Dryer Integrated within a Solar Flat Plate Collector
Authors: Sachin S. Raj , Kuzmin Anton M. , Krishnakumar Subramanian , Jayaganthan Anandhan , Admassu Yesgat
Published: April 2023

Generally, solar dryer cabinets are made up of sheet metals that are heavy, costly, tend to rust over time, and possess the high heat rate to the outer atmosphere. In order to overcome these drawbacks, this research urges to develop a natural fiber reinforced polymer-based cabinet dryer, specially designed and fabricated for the purpose of solar drying. Nylon is used as the matrix material and Prosopis juliflora in particulate form is used as the natural fiber reinforcement. The dryer cabinet was designed at industrial scale to dry 5 kg of ginger at a single setting. This work also studies the efficiency of the polymer composite cabinet integrated with a flat plate solar collector system that is coated with copper and black chrome attached to corrugated fins in between the absorber plate and storage medium. The FRP chamber was compartmented in its interior with aluminium perforated sheets and experimentation was performed to determine the efficiency of the composite cabinet based on reduction of heat loss from the system. The performance of the coating, storage medium materials, and overall storage efficiency were also studied. The FRP cabinet resulted in a moisture level less than 8.5% within 4–7 days. Exergy studies showed 75% efficiency and energy studies gave 25.5 kJ/kg peak readings of drying efficiency for a period ranging between 11 and 12 hours. This was a 75% increment in energy efficiency. Thermal degradation of the FRP material was found to be stable up to 300°C. The overall weight of the constructed polymer cabinet was 25% lesser than the conventional systems.
A Hybrid Framework of Blockchain and IoT Technology in the Pharmaceutical Industry: A Comprehensive Study
Authors: Emmanuel Abidemi A. , Awokola Jinmisayo A. , Alam Shadab , Bharany Salil , Agboola Praise , Shuaib Mohammed , Ahmed Rafeeq
Published: April 2023

The pharmaceutical company is key to having a strong healthcare system, and excellent healthcare is essential for every society and economy. However, there are significant concerns with medication safety and security as a result of fake and inferior medical items, which constitute a significant hazard and harm to consumers’ health. Globally, drug counterfeiting is a severe problem that endangers the public’s health as well as the health of consumers. The global business of manufacturing fake medications generates enormous annual revenue. To have a quality healthcare system, the pharmaceutical industry is of great importance and plays a vital role in medicine and pharmaceutical supplies. With emerging computer technologies like blockchain and IoT cutting across several industries and sectors and revolutionizing the world, a systematic literature review of various articles chosen from different databases was carried out in this study to analyze and evaluate application areas of this technology in the pharmaceutical industry and existing frameworks that have been proposed to solve problems faced in the pharmaceutical industry. The outcome of this review showed that the application of the blockchain and IoT hybrid framework can assist in reducing the drug counterfeit problem and provide solutions to most of the problems faced in the pharmaceutical industry. This study also proposed a framework that addressed the drawbacks of existing frameworks in the pharmaceutical industry.
Loss Minimization of Distribution Systems by Coordinated Operation of Battery and EVs in the Presence of DGs
Authors: Iyer Kartik , Perumalla Snehith , Eswar Reddy Menakuru Sai , Narayanan Krishnan , Prabaharan Natarajan , Sharma Gulshan , Senjyu Tomonobu
Published: April 2023

The rapidly increasing demand for electrical power and difficulties in providing the same using traditional power generating sources provide a motivation to integrate distributed generator (DG) in the radial distribution network. In this work, the optimal arrangement of DG using genetic algorithm (GA) is obtained based on fixed penetration level (PL). The state of charge (SoC) value for each hour before placing the battery based on the demand was estimated, then battery will be placed in the optimal location of the fixed capacity. This will help in reducing the power loss and simultaneous improvement of voltage profile of the network. Furthermore, electric vehicle (EV) is incorporated in the system. In the presence of

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, the loads are variable due to the charging and discharging of batteries in the EV. The variation of network power losses in the presence of EVs along with DGs and battery have been investigated on standard 33 and 69 bus systems for 2 different topologies and 2 different loading scenarios.
A Higher‐Order Improved Runge–Kutta Method and Cubic B‐Spline Approximation for the One‐Dimensional Nonlinear RLW Equation
Authors: Redouane Kelthoum Lina , Arar Nouria , Ben Makhlouf Abdellatif , Alhashash Abeer
Published: April 2023

This article developed a significant improvement of a Galerkin‐type approximation to the regularized long‐wave equation (RLW) solution under homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions for achieving higher accuracy in time variables. First, a basis derived from cubic B‐splines and limit conditions is used to perform a Galerkin‐type approximation. Then, a Crank–Nicolson and fourth‐order 4‐stage improved Runge–Kutta scheme (IRK4) is used to discretize time. Both a strong stability analysis of a fully discrete IRK4 scheme and the evaluation of Von Neumann stability of the proposed Crank–Nicolson technique are examined. We demonstrate the efficiency of our method with two test problems. The analytical and numerical solutions found in the literature are then contrasted with the approximate solutions produced by the suggested method. The validated numerical results illustrate that the provided technique is more efficient and converges faster than earlier research, resulting in less computational time, smaller space dimensions, and storage. As a result, the proposed numerical approach is appealing for approximating PDEs whose explicit solution is unknown for a variety of boundary conditions.
Robust Mainlobe Interference Suppression Based on Joint Oblique Projection for Dual Polarization Conformal Array
Authors: Liu Chao , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Qian Junjie , Zhang Lei
Published: April 2023

In this paper, a robust mainlobe interference suppression algorithm is proposed in a space-polarization joint domain based on a dual-polarized conformal array. An oblique projection filter can eliminate the interference while retaining the desired signal information. However, little deviation in signal parameters will lead to significant performance degradation. To solve such problems, the joint steering vector of the desired signal is corrected by solving the quadratic convex optimization problem. Parameters of interferences are first estimated by using multiple signal classification (MUSIC) joint spectrum, and then, the interference covariance matrix can be reconstructed individually to further estimate the interference steering vector. After that, the joint oblique projection operator can be established by the estimated steering vectors. Consequently, an antijamming beamformer can be obtained by the joint oblique projection filter to achieve robustness on the interference parameter estimation deviation and desired signal mismatch. Simulation experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Geochemical Characteristics of Trace Elements and REEs and their Geological Significance for Uranium Mineralization within the Qianjiadian Sandstone-Hosted Uranium Deposit, Songliao Basin
Authors: Yan Zhaobin , Ji Hongjie , Guo Guolin , Xia Fei , Zhang Wenwen , Song Saisai , Liu Shaofang
Published: April 2023

The Qianjiadian uranium deposit is a typical interstratified oxidized zone sandstone-hosted uranium deposit hosted in the Upper Cretaceous Yaojia Formation of the southern Songliao Basin. Despite its significance, little research has been conducted on the relationship between trace elements, REEs, and uranium mineralization in this deposit. This study presents new geochemical data from sandstones in the oxidation, transition, and reduction zones. The sandstones in the transition zone are highly enriched in U and moderately enriched in Mo, Cd, and V compared to those in the oxidation and reduction zones. They are also weakly enriched in Co, Ni, and Zn. The oxidation and transition zone sandstones have higher ∑LREE and ∑HREE contents than those in the reduction zone. However, the oxidation zone sandstones are characterized by LREE enrichment and flat HRRE distribution, while the transition zone sandstones show HRRE enrichment and flat LREE distribution. These trace element and REE differentiation characteristics within each subzone are closely related to the geological process of interstratified oxygenation. Oxygenated uranium-bearing fluids from southwestern provenance areas carried multiple trace elements and REEs and infiltrated along the oxidation sandstones to reach the Yaojia Formation’s transition zone. During this process, a certain amount of Mo, V, Cd, and LREE from the oxygenated ore-forming fluids was precipitated by Fe-Mn hydroxide adsorption or calcite and siderite cementation. Meanwhile, about 20.33% of preexisting U in the oxidation zone sandstones was continuously extracted and entered into the oxygenated ore-forming fluids. In the transition zone, where dissolved oxygen was exhausted and hydrocarbons were continuously injected, U, Mo, Cd, V, Co, Ni, Zn, and REEs were unloaded and precipitated as uranium minerals, sulfide minerals, or carbonate minerals. The enrichment of Mo, Cd, V, and HREEs in the sandstones can serve as new prospecting indicators for the Qianjiadian uranium deposit.
Remote Sensing Image Classification with Few Labeled Data Using Semisupervised Learning
Authors: Li Yibing , Zhang Sitong , Li Xiang , Ye Fang
Published: April 2023

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) as an imaging radar is capable of high-resolution remote sensing, independent of flight altitude, and independent of weather. Traditional SAR ship image classification tends to extract features manually. It relies too much on expert experience and is sensitive to the scale of SAR images. Recently, with the development of deep learning, deep neural networks such as convolutional neural networks are widely used to complete feature extraction and classification tasks, which improves algorithm accuracy and normalization capabilities to a large extent. However, deep learning requires a large number of labeled samples, and the vast bulk of SAR images are unlabeled. Therefore, the classification accuracy of deep neural networks is limited. To tackle the problem, we propose a semisupervised learning-based SAR image classification method considering that only few labeled images are available. The proposed method can train the classification model using both labeled and unlabeled samples. Moreover, we improve the unsupervised data augmentation (UDA) strategy by designing a symmetric function for unsupervised loss calculation. Experiments are carried out on the OpenSARShip dataset, and results show that the proposed method reaches a much higher accuracy than the original UDA.
Research on Ethical Issues and Coping Strategies of Artificial Intelligence Algorithms Recommending News with the Support of Wireless Sensing Technology
Authors: Pan Xue , Su Qixia , Wei Lin , Guo Lei
Published: April 2023

This study shows how well the wireless sensing technology may be used to forecast how people would react to AI‐ (artificial intelligence‐) driven customization in digital news sites. We randomly picked participants to enroll in an online questionnaire. This study determines the ethical issues and coping strategies of AI‐based news using sensor technology. The study proposed an improved naïve Bayes classification algorithm to forecast the acceptance of AI‐driven news sites. Additionally, the technology acceptance framework characteristics continue to be crucial in determining adoption decisions. The findings demonstrate that the observed contingency has a large direct influence and an indirect effect that is moderated by improved user interaction and positivity in forecasting the acceptance of AI‐driven news sites.