bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tinjauan Yuridis Wanprestasi Dalam Perjanjian Sewa Menyewa Rumah
Authors: Robbi Firly Firgiyabi Mahlafi
Published: February 2024

A lease is an agreement whereby one party binds himself to give another party the enjoyment of an item for a certain period of time and with the payment of a price which the latter party is willing to pay. The rights and obligations of the parties in the rental agreement. The rights of the renting party are the rights that will be received by the renting party. The renting party has the right to rent which must be paid by the lessee at a certain time in accordance with the rental agreement. The party who rents out has the right to pandbeslag, which is a confiscation carried out by the court at the request of the renter, such as regarding household furniture in the house being rented out if the tenant is in arrears on the rent for the house to be auctioned off if the tenant does not pay the rent arrears in full. The renting party has the right to request cancellation of the agreement and compensation. The lessor's right is to hand over the leased object to the lessee, maintain the leased object in such a way that the object can be used for its intended purpose. The rental agreement ends in default before the term of the agreement expires, that is, the rental agreement can end automatically at a certain time, after being terminated by observing a certain grace period. Even though a lease is a consensual agreement, the law provides a distinction between a written lease and an oral lease. The legal consequences of a breach of contract in a housing rental agreement if there has been a previous rental agreement, then if one of the parties breaks their promise (default) by not fulfilling the contents of the agreement, then the breaking party (in this case the tenant) can be sued civilly on the basis of breach of contract as regulated in Article 1243 of the Civil Code (Civil Code). Article 1267 of the Civil Code, regulates several things that can be sued/sought by the Owner from the Party who is in default, namely: (1) Fulfillment of the Agreement, (2) Fulfillment of the Agreement with Compensation, (3) Compensation, (4) Cancellation of Agreement, (5) Cancellation of Agreement with compensation.
ANALISIS YURIDIS AKIBAT HUKUM TIMBULNYA PEMUTUSAN KONTRAK SECARA SEPIHAK TERHADAP INVESTOR PADA PERJANJIAN BOT (BUILD OPERATE TRANSFER)
Authors: Imelda Fertikel Putri Handayani
Published: February 2024

. The contract in a Build-to-Transfer agreement that is starting to develop is known as a BOT Agreement or Build Operate Transfer, referring to a project transfer method that is often used in large infrastructure projects. Is a private legal entity that obtains a business license from the government or public sector to finance, design and build, implement and own a project within a certain period of time. The aim is for the private sector to get back the results of its investment and then transfer project management to the government or public sector. However, if in the process there is a unilateral termination of the contract, the party being terminated will have legal consequences that will cause loss or suffering for him. So my writing analyzes the legal consequences that arise from conflicts or implications in cases of unilateral contract termination by the government or the public sector so that investors' rights are maintained and are not harmed.
UPAYA HUKUM PENYELESAIAN WANPRESTASI DALAM PERJANJIAN SEWA MENYEWA KENDARAAN
Authors: Rendra Nugroho Nur Huda  , Moch. Ilfin Nadir
Published: February 2024

This journal looks at the legal options available to settle cases involving late payments, such as those involving car rentals and rental contracts. This study's primary goal is to examine the different default settlement options and take into account potential obstacles and solutions for the parties concerned. A combination of empirical research and normative legal analysis is one of the research methodologies employed. This information was gathered by reading up on relevant laws and regulations, reviewing legal literature, and examining court cases involving violations of car rental agreements. According to research, there are a number of ways to resolve payment defaults, including court cases, arbitration, and mediation. The most popular remedies include the time and money needed for the settlement resolution process, as well as the complexity of the law.
Kekuatan Hukum dan Aspek Keamanan Dalam Tanda Tangan Elektronik
Authors: Triana Wati
Published: February 2024

An Electronic Signature is an electronically generated signature used for authentication and verification of electronic documents. Electronic Signature has the potential to replace wet signatures in a variety of transactions, including contracts, agreements, and other legal documents. Electronic Signature is regulated in Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions. Article 11 of the Electronic Signature Law states that Electronic Signature has legal force and legal consequences that are valid and binding as long as it meets certain requirements. The security aspect is also an important consideration in the use of Electronic Signature. Electronic Signature must be guaranteed authenticity and integrity so that it cannot be falsified or altered. This journal discusses the legal strength and security aspects of Electronic Signature. This journal aims to provide a better understanding of Electronic Signature and how Electronic Signature  can be used safely and effectively in various transactions
Diplomacia ushtarake kineze në kuadër të marrëdhënieve Shqipëri-Kinë: Një trajtesë nga arkivat shqiptare
Authors: Smaçi Etleva
Published: February 2024

Ky punim synon të analizojë raportet diplomatike në fushën ushtarake mes Shqipërisë dhe Kinës nga viti 1963 deri në vitin 1975. Periudha kohore e zgjedhur për analizë përkon me momentin e intensifikimit të marrëdhënieve ushtarake e shkon deri në bjerrjen e tyre, pa ndonjë fërkim dhe demonstrim force siç ndodhi me Bashkimin Sovjetik.Teza qendrore e këtij punimi është se marrëdhëniet ushtarake Shqipëri-Kinë ishin marrëdhënie të pastra interesi ekonomik dhe ideologjik, pa pika takimi në parime dhe doktrina ushtarake. Si të tilla, ato kushtëzuan tjetërsimet doktrinore dhe qasjen për rolin e ushtrisë shqiptare në fushën e mbrojtjes. Në mbështetje të kësaj teze, analizohen arsyet politike që përcaktuan një diplomaci ushtarake soft dhe smart nga pala kineze, duke shkurajuar çdo përpjekje shqiptare për një aleancë mirëfilli ushtarake apo iniciativa në fushën e mbrojtjes dhe të sigurisë që binte ndesh me politikën e jashtme të Kinës.Metodologjia e përdorur në këtë punim është një shqyrtim i literaturës historike të autorëve të huaj dhe vendës, që kanë analizuar disa nga aspektet më të rëndësishme politike dhe ekonomike të marrëdhënieve shqiptaro-kineze. Fokusi në çështjet ushtarake dhe shfrytëzimi i burimeve arkivore të Arkivit Qendror të Forcave të Armatosura të Shqipërisë është një risi, në raport me punimet e mëparshme që trajtojnë aleancën shqiptaro-kineze.

Ballafaqimi i këtyre dokumenteve me literaturën e përdorur gjykojmë se do të japë një panoramë më të plotë se në ç’raport qëndronin lidhjet ushtarake të Kinës me Shqipërinë në politikën e jashtme të të dyja vendeve, veçanërisht Kinës. Përfundimet bazohen kryesisht në dokumentacionin shqiptar. Analiza e marrëdhënieve ushtarake përfshin raportet e të dyja vendeve duke cekur raportet e secilit prej tyre me Traktatin e Varshavës (TV), organizatë ushtarake dhe politike e vendeve komuniste, kundërshtare e NATO-s. Për ta përmbyllur, simbioza ushtarako - politike e Kinës dhe e Shqipërisë në përballje me Bashkimin Sovjetik, është një pazëll interesant idesh dhe mesazesh që vlejnë të deshifrohen në kuadër të studimit të historisë së Luftës së Ftohtë brenda vetë Kampit Komunist.
Gazimestani, lindja e një miti
Authors: Qeriqi Besim
Published: February 2024

Për shekuj me radhë, historiografia serbe e ka mitizuar 28 qershorin si një ngjarje në të cilën është përcaktuar fati serb. Për nga intensiteti nuk krahasohet me asnjë datë tjetër, gjatë gjithë vitit, me të simbolizohet vdekja, ringjallja, guximi, hidhërimi, e shpresa, e mbi të gjitha hakmarrja.Përmes këtij punimi synojmë të tregojmë se si një popull i tërë u përfshi në një kauzë mashtruese nacionaliste serbe që si pikënisje kishte festimin e Betejës së Kosovës, por që në esencë mbrapa saj qëndronte ideja serbomadhe. Ideja se serbët janë kontribuesit më të mëdhenj, janë mbrojtësit e këtyre trevave. Të tjerët: kroatët, shqiptarët, sllovenët, boshnjakët ose duhet të nënshtrohen ose do të përballen me luftë.Metodologjia përfshin metodën kualitative, përmes së cilës janë trajtuar raste studimore objektive me qëllim grumbullimin e informacioneve të hollësishme. E kombinuar në mënyrë të veçantë me metodën krahasuese, ku po ashtu janë analizuar e krahasuar shkrime, e intervista të kohës.Konkluzionet - ngjarjet që ndodhën më pas vërtetuan faktin se: sllovenët, kroatët, boshnjakët dhe së fundmi shqiptarët, në momentin që nuk pranuan nënshtrimin serb u përballën me luftëra të njëpasnjëshme. Pasojat e këtyre luftërave tashmë janë të njohura, sikurse dihet shkaktari kryesor dhe i vetëm, politika nacionaliste serbe me në krye liderin e saj Slobodan Milošević.
Një vështrim në terma politiko-ekonomikë ndërmjet Shqipërisë dhe Jugosllavisë në periudhën 1945-1949 (Pjesa e parë, janar 1945 - qershor 1947)
Authors: Boriçi Gjon
Published: February 2024

Problematikat politiko-ekonomike ndёrmjet Shqipёrisё dhe Jugosllavisё kanё tёrhequr vёmendjen gjatё dy dekadave tё fundit nё qarqet studimore akademike nё Shqipёri. Duke qenё se Jugosllavia ishte partneri i parё i rёndёsishёm i Shqipёrisё sё pasçlirimit deri nё gjysmёn e parё tё vitit 1948, shumё prej problemeve të marrёdhёnies sё ngushtё dhe jetёshkurtёr qё patën tё dyja vendet, pёr mendimin tim, nuk janё trajtuar gjerësisht, aq mё tepёr nё sfondin ekonomik tё ndikimit tё madh qё ushtroi politika jugosllave mbi vendin tonё. Nё muajt e fundit tё Luftёs së Dytë Botёrore, Shqipёria ashtu sikurse edhe Jugosllavia ishin çliruar nё vjeshtёn e vitit 1944, gjashtё muaj pёrpara pёrfundimit tё Luftёs së Dytë Botёrore. Duke qenё se lidershipi i ri jugosllav kishte "sponsorizuar" jo pak politikisht nё krijimin e Partisё Komuniste Shqiptare dhe madje kishte menaxhuar tё gjithё situatёn politike tё forcёs kryesore nё pushtetin e ri, nёpёrmjet mekanizmave tё tёrё ekonomikё, arriti brenda dy vjetësh tё kishte kontrollin e plotё ekonomiko-politik mbi Shqipёrinё. Sistemi politik jugosllav nuk ndryshonte nё fillimet e veta nga modeli sovjetik, por udhёheqёsi i atij vendi Josip Broz Tito kishte "mendjen" e tij pёr sa i pёrkiste rrugёs qё do tё ndiqte Jugosllavia nё realitetin e ri tё marrёdhёnieve ndёrkombёtare që po kristalizohej. Enver Hoxhёs i interesonte mbrojtja e njё vendi mё tё fuqishёm se Shqipёria qё tё mbijetonte politikisht, paçka se ekonomikisht do tё ishte gjithnjё i varur nga kreditё dhe ndihmat qё do t'i jepeshin. Titos i interesonte pavarёsia politike e rrjedhimisht ekonomike pёr tё qenё njё zё i rёndёsishёm nё marrёdhёniet ndёrkombёtare nё fillimet e Luftёs sё Ftohtё. Artikulli qё po paraqesim ёshtё i mbёshtetur nё metodologjinё analitiko-krahasuese, gёrshetuar me dokumentacion arkivor dhe literaturё kombёtare e ndёrkombёtare pёr tё sjellё nё vёmendjen e studiuesve dhe jo vetëm, dallimet thelbёsore nё mёnyrёn se si u menaxhua pushteti nё kёto dy vende.
FOSTERING DIGITAL RESOURCES IN HOME ECONOMICS EDUCATION FOR NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY
Authors: NWABAH, Nkeiruka. I.
Published: February 2024

The paper aimed at educating all home economist the place of fostering digital resources in teaching and its importance in the classroom. The paper focused on digital resources, benefits of collaboration in using digital tools, digital learning , smart learning strategy, online libraries and data base, search engine, and the effectiveness of digital resources in teaching. The paper concludes that fostering digital resources in teaching makes outcome very effective, efficient, enhancing national development and sustainability. The paper recommended that home economist should adopt the use of digital resources in their teaching.
SANITATION PRACTICES, DISPOSAL METHODS AND AWARENESS OF HEALTH HAZARDS OF INDISCRIMINATE DISPOSAL OF ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC DEVICES	AMONG STUDENTS
Authors: SOYINKA-BUSARI, Olabisi  , EZEOGUINE, Juliana. A.  , EZEKWERE, P. U.
Published: February 2024

The study investigated sanitation practices,  disposal methods and awareness of health hazards of indiscriminate disposal of electrical/electronic devices among students of Federal College of Education (Technical) Akoka, Lagos. A descriptive survey design was employed in the study. Two hundred (200) students from four (4) schools representing fifty (50) per school were randomly sampled for the study. A structured questionnaire titled "Assessment of digital waste disposal, sanitation practices and health management among students of Federal College of Education (Technical) Akoka, Lagos' was developed and used to assess responses from students. The research instrument was given face validity by lecturers in the Department of Home Economics Education. Some copies of the questionnaire were subjected to pilot testing and data obtained analyzed using Cronbach Alpha. A reliability coefficient (r) of 0.6452 obtained indicated the internal consistence of the instrument. All necessary corrections and comments were made before the main study. The researcher personally administered the questionnaires with 92.5% returns. Data were analysed using frequency, percentages and mean scores. Mean scores 2.50 and above were considered as 'Agree', while those below 2.50 'Disagree' on a scale of 4-points Likert scale. The results indicated that there are existing sanitation practices such as such as sweeping, scrubbing, regular disinfecting toilet and disposing waste into bigger refuse /waste bins among the students of FCE (T) Akoka. The students indiscriminately dispose electrical/electronic devices using wrong methods. The students are not aware of health hazard of their indiscriminate disposal of electrical/electronic devices.
The Impact of Anthropogenic Activities and Water Pollution on the Fish Diversity and Ecosystem Health of the Chenab River in the Punjab Region of Pakistan
Authors: Hahshmi Ahad Masood , Abdullah Zakria , Amjad Tabassum , Ali Ghazanfer , Iqbal Tehreem
Published: February 2024

Background: The Chenab River, a major waterway in the Punjab region, is subject to various anthropogenic activities that threaten its ecological integrity. Industrial discharges, agricultural runoff, and urbanization have altered the water quality and affected the river's fish diversity, raising concerns about the long-term health of the river's ecosystem and its implications for human health.
Objective: This study aimed to quantify the impact of human activities and water pollution on fish diversity and ecosystem health in the Chenab River. It sought to identify significant pollutants and assess their correlations with ecological indicators.
Methods: A comprehensive quantitative analysis was conducted using secondary data spanning ten years. Descriptive statistics were calculated for various environmental parameters, including industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, urbanization rate, water pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and concentrations of heavy metals, nitrates, and phosphates. Correlation and regression analyses were employed to explore the relationships between these parameters and fish species richness and abundance.
Results: The study revealed a mean industrial discharge of 584.43 tonnes and agricultural runoff of 290.82 tonnes. Water quality parameters fluctuated with a mean pH of 7.65 and dissolved oxygen levels averaging 8.38 mg/L. Fish species richness exhibited a mean of 49.30 with a standard deviation of 20.842, while fish abundance had a mean of 3089.16 with a standard deviation of 1256.84. Regression analysis showed dissolved oxygen as a significant predictor of fish abundance (p = .051), whereas turbidity and heavy metals had a negative impact, though not statistically significant (p = .100 and p = .092, respectively).
Conclusion: The Chenab River's fish diversity and ecosystem health are influenced by anthropogenic pollution, with dissolved oxygen emerging as a critical factor for maintaining fish populations. The findings suggest a need for targeted environmental regulations to improve water quality and protect aquatic life, which is inextricably linked to human health and livelihoods.
Occurrence and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida Species Isolated from Pregnant Women in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Adogo L. Y. , Julia K. M. , Joshua P. D.
Published: February 2024

Candida is the leading cause of infection among pregnant women.  This study was aimed to determine the occurrence and antifungal susceptibility of Candida species isolated from apparently healthy pregnant women receiving antenatal care at Bingham University Teaching Hospital. High vaginal swab was inoculated onto Sabouraud Dextrose Agar and Gram staining was carried out. Candida isolates were sub- cultured on Himedia CHROM Candida differential agar and identified according to their color, morphology, and appearance. Disc antifungal susceptibility test was carried out using standard protocols. The occurrence rate of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) in this study was 42.5%. In this study, Candia albicans was the most predominant Candida species (51.2%) isolated. Pregnant women within the age range of 20-24 years had the highest infection occurrence of 100% while the lowest occurrence of the infection (25%) was observed among women within the age range of 40-44 years. There was a significant relationship between age and VVC infection (P>0.05). In relation to trimester, pregnant women in the second trimester had a high infection rate of 87.5% while women in the third trimester had the least occurrence rate of 10.9%. There was a significant relationship between vulvovaginal candidiasis infection and trimester (P>0.05). All Candida species were resistant to the antifungal drugs tested except for Candida kefyr which was susceptible to fluconazole and voriconazole. Therefore, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment among pregnant women receiving antenatal care can reduce the infection and prevent complications during childbirth
Changes in the microelement composition of the heart of rats under chronic intoxication with cadmium
Authors:   Dnipro State Medical University, Ukraine, Shatorna Vira , Harets Vira ,   Dnipro State Medical University, Ukraine, Lomyha Larysa ,   Dnipro State Medical University, Ukraine
Published: February 2024

Cadmium is a heavy metal that enters the body in various ways, is involved in metabolic processes, accumulates in tissues and organs and can cause pathological changes and diseases. Thus, cadmium significantly affects the condition of the liver and kidneys, nervous, cardiovascular and reproductive systems. Copper and zinc show the ability to compete with cadmium for certain receptors or metabolic pathways, which allows them to reduce its negative effects. This may open prospects for the use of copper and zinc as potential bioantagonists. This competitive process can lead to a decrease in the absorption of cadmium by cells, which, in turn, reduces its toxic effect. The interaction of cadmium with copper or zinc is a complex process, and indicators of the level of accumulation of these metals in the embryos and hearts of female rats, as well as indicators of the heart mass index, can somewhat clarify the toxicological and antagonistic nature of these interactions. Understanding these processes is important for the development of strategies to protect against cadmium toxicity and the further development of preventive measures in maintaining heart health. The study was conducted on pregnant female Wistar rats during the entire gestation period, which were divided into 4 groups. Indicators of quantitative accumulation of cadmium, copper and zinc in the embryos and hearts of females in all four groups were analyzed, which made it possible to reveal certain regularities of interactions between copper and zinc in relation to cadmium.
The impact of cluster cooperation on the development of digital innovations in the agricultural sector: legal aspect
Authors:   Civil Law disciplines  Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Ukraine, Melnyk Victoria , Kovalchuk Inna ,   Department of Public Law of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Ukraine, Pakhomova Anna ,   Civil Law Department  Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Ukraine
Published: February 2024

The article analyzes the legal framework for the digitalization of agrarian clusters in a developing economy. A review of a large number of legal studies shows that the ownership structure is a key factor in ensuring knowledge transfer, training and professional development of small producers in agricultural clusters. The research shows that, in addition to ownership structure, the development of digital innovation, cluster governance, and the inclusion of intermediaries in clusters are critical factors to consider when understanding the impact of intermediaries on the modernization of smallholders in clusters.
Management of cultural events and festivals in cities
Authors:   State University of Trade and Economics, Ukraine, Tadlia Anastasia
Published: February 2024

This article examines the role of festivals and cultural events in cities from a discursive perspective that merits research. Special attention is focused on values, which allows to supplement the very nature of practical activity, identifying and forming competent actions in the management of cultural events and festivals. The specifics of the management of cultural events and festivals, which can ensure the effective implementation of socio-cultural projects, thanks to the diversity of the program, the use of various forms of advertising, are analyzed , activities of the mass media, receiving resonance and becoming the property of the general public. In a professionally organized, positively emotional colored information field, different groups of the target audience are involved. They have the opportunity to freely choose the forms of participation in the festival program: from simple observation to direct participation. The purpose and importance of cultural events and festivals management is to participate in product development, strategic planning, collaboration, interrelationships between cultural events through a comprehensive implementation strategy, which in turn will increase competitive advantage and create economic stability in the city. Further research may be particularly relevant for examining issues from the perspective of business-public relations, as well as the development of festival cities. The conclusions are also relevant for arts managers, cultural organizations that encourage the use of cultural events and festivals through interaction with business structures.
The Eye and Kidney Connect: Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis Syndrome
Authors: Tandon Dr. Manjari
Published: February 2024

Tubulointerstitial nephritis with uveitis syndrome (TINU) and is a largely an under diagnosed entity. The renal course is independent of the ocular disease. This article highlights the course, presentation, diagnosis, pathogenesis and the current treatment modalities offered for the disease.
Limba română – „partea noastră de cer”. Aspecte ale individualității lingvistice
Authors:   Universitatea „Babeș-Bolyai”, Cluj-Napoca, Boc Oana
Published: February 2024

Out of the plethora of definitons and acceptations that were conferred to language throughout time, two greater paradigms were especially delineated: on the one hand, the understanding of language as an “instrument for communication”, and on the other hand, the understanding of language as a “worldview”. I shall emphasize in my paper certain aspects pertaining to the current context that impose an adequate understanding of language and its function, presenting and discussing therewith the definition of language under these two trends / paradigms in linguistics and the direct or indirect implications of these types of understanding of language. I deem that the furthering (through various ways, either: didactic, scientific, cultural etc.) of one or the other of these perspectives for understanding language determines in the consciousness of the speakers an intuition as to what language represents. As such, a change of outlook on language (from the quasi-generalized perspective of language as an “instrument for communication”, towards language as a “worldview”) is highly important, especially in the present context where the phenomenon of English language “globalization” is being increasingly noticed. The realization that each language represents an inestimable spiritual value first is possible solely through the angle of understanding the fact that the individuality of every language is being situated, after a first approximation, at the level of the specific way through which it demarcates and structures reality using its own signifiers, offering thus a “worldview”.
Social Acceptance and Social, Economic, and Environmental Impact of Renewable Energy - A Case Study from Hanimaadhoo Island, Maldives
Authors: NOBORU ZAMA  , MASACHIKA SUZUKI  , SHAZLY AMINATH
Published: February 2024

Social acceptance particularly public opposition on renewable energy have been key obstacles for renewable energy deployment in many developed nations particularly in Europe. The level of awareness of the situation in the global south, particularly in Small Island Developing States (SIDS), was rather limited. This research utilizes Cultural Theory as a framework, incorporating data obtained from household questionnaire surveys, focus group discussion and individual interviews conducted on Hanimaadhoo island in the Maldives. The objective is to gain a more comprehensive understanding of how individuals’ worldviews influence their opinions and behaviors regarding renewable energy. This study also aims to comprehend the anticipated social, economic, and environmental impacts of renewable energy. The authors highlight key findings from a local perspective that they deem crucial to consider for the future deployment and diffusion of renewable energy in the Maldives
The TRIPS Agreement: Ready or not, Maldives went for it
Authors: NAJEEB FAZEEL
Published: February 2024

This article provides an overview of how the TRIPS Agreement came into being, and uses this as a background context to the Maldives’ Membership of the WTO by which Maldives also became a contracting party to the Agreement. The objective of the article is to shed light on the readiness of Maldives for obligations that the Agreement creates and to what extent the country has been able to meet those obligations thus far. The article is largely based on the review and analyses of literature, discussions and the experience of the author’s own involvement in the process of the Maldives’ Membership of the WTO. The article finds that Maldives is encountering daunting challenges in implementing the Agreement.
Our World, Our Futures: Transforming Education Through Environmental and Sustainability Education
Authors: SHIYAMA AMINATH , ABDUL MUHAIMIN FATHIMATH NASIHA , SHAFEEQA FATHIMATH
Published: February 2024

Environmental and sustainability education is critical to the world we live in today. Our World, Our Futures, a small-scale, cross-cultural participatory study, explored what transformative environmental and global citizenship education might look like in primary schools across two contexts. The study aimed to explore how teachers innovate curriculum through a flexible, cross-curricular approach within the constraints of the existing formal school curriculum. Informed by a culturally situated, responsive approach to researching with students and teachers, the research team supported the teachers in developing learning activities that forefronted the students’ situated knowledge, ideas and concerns about the environment. The students were invited to create and share art and other texts reflecting their perspectives on local environmental issues, their aspirations for their future spaces and their active roles as global citizens. Teachers were invited to reflect on how, and the extent to which, ideas of global citizenship, environmental and sustainability education can be incorporated into the curriculum, exploring how the project supported teachers’ pedagogical praxis, autonomy and professional learning. Through these activities, data such as teacher interviews, classroom observations and artefacts of student work were gathered. The data were analysed to identify ways in which students’ cross-cultural dialogue developed along with teachers’ pedagogical development in integrating transformative and contextually relevant pedagogical approaches for delivery of environmental and sustainability education. The findings demonstrate the complexities and challenges of collaborating across distances, cultures and time zones, and of using virtual platforms. Finally, the findings present curriculum development as a lived, dynamic and experimental process that develops teacher autonomy and professional learning.
The level of adherence to language rules and etiquettes on online news media
Authors: IBRAHIM ANWAR
Published: February 2024

This research sought to find out the extent to which grammatical and linguistic conventions have been violated in the use of Dhivehi language in online newspapers in the Maldives and to identify the main types of grammatical errors found therein. The aim was to thereby support efforts to preserve grammatical and linguistic conventions of Dhivehi language. The findings indicate that sentences with grammatical errors outweigh those without such errors. In this regard, 76 per cent of the sentences analyzed contains grammatical errors. From the 200 news headlines analyzed, 113 grammatical errors were identified. Similar was the case with 81 per cent of the lead sentences. The findings also highlight areas of language and the news genres that institutions and news agencies should pay more attention to in order to reduce incidence of grammatical issues in (online) newspapers.
 
އޮންލައިން ޚަބަރުތަކުގައި ބަހުގެ ހަމައާއި ގަވާއިދާ ޚިލާފުވެފައި ހުންނަ މިންވަރާއި ބައިތައް
ޚުލާޞާ: މި ދިރާސާއަކީ ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ އޮންލައިން ނޫސްތަކުގެ ޚަބަރުތަކުގައި ބަހުގެ ހަމައާއި ގަވާއިދާ ޚިލާފުވެފައި ހުންނަ މިންވަރާއި ބައިތައް ދެނެގަތުމުގެ މަޤުޞަދުގައި ކުރިއަށް ގެންދެވުނު ދިރާސާއެކެވެ. ދިރާސާގެ ބޭނުމަކީ އޮންލައިން ޚަބަރުތަކުގައި ބަހުގެ ހަމައާއި ގަވާއިދާ ޚިލާފުވެފައި ހުންނަ މިންވަރާއި ގޮތްތައް ދެނެގަނެ، ދިވެހިބަހުގެ ހަމައާއި ގަވާއިދުތައް ދެމެހެއްޓުމަށް ކުރެވޭ މަސައްކަތަށް އެހީތެރިވުމެވެ. މި ދިރާސާ މުހިންމުވަނީ ދިވެހިބަހުގެ އޮންލައިން ޚަބަރުތަކުގެ މައްޗަށް މިފަދަ އެހެން ދިރާސާއެއް މިހައިތަނަށް ޝާއިޢުކުރެވިފައި ނުވާތީއެވެ. ކޮންޓެންޓް އެނަލިސިސް މެތަޑު ބޭނުންކޮށްގެން ކުރިއަށް ގެންދެވުނު މި ދިރާސާގައި މައިގަނޑު ގޮތެއްގައި ބަލައިލެވުނީ ނޫސްތަކުގެ ޚަބަރުތަކުގެ ސުރުޚީތަކާއި، ލީޑްތަކާއި މައިގަނޑުގައި ދިވެހިބަހުގެ ހަމައާއި ގަވާއިދާ ޚިލާފުވެފައި ވަނީ ކިހައި މިންވަރަކަށް ކޮން ބައިތަކަކަށްތޯއެވެ. މި ދިރާސާއިން ހޯދުނީ އޮންލައިން ޚަބަރުތަކުގައި ބަހުގެ ހަމައާއި ގަވާއިދުގެ ކުށްތައް ނުހުންނަ ޖުމުލަތަކަށް ވުރެ، ބަހުގެ ހަމައާއި ގަވާއިދާ ޚިލާފު ޖުމުލަތައް ގިނަކަމެވެ. މި ގޮތުން ޚަބަރުތަކުގައި ހުރި ޖުމުލަތަކުގެ 76 އިންސައްތަ ޖުމުލައަކީ ކުށްތަކުން ސަލާމަތްވެފައިނުވާ ޖުމުލަތަކެއްކަން މި ދިރާސާއިން ހޯދުނެވެ. އަދި އޮންލައިން ޚަބަރުތަކުގެ 200 ސުރުޚީން ބަހުގެ ގަވާއިދާއި ހަމަތަކާ ޚިލާފު 113 ކުށް ފާހަގަކުރެވުނު އިރު، ލީޑް ޖުމުލަތަކުގެ 81 އިންސައްތަ ލީޑް ޖުމުލައިން ވެސް މި ކަން ފާހަގަކުރެވުނެވެ. އެހެންކަމުން ނޫސްތަކުން ފެންނަ ބަހުގެ ގަވާއިދާއި ހަމަތަކާ ޚިލާފު ކުށްތައް މަދުކުރުމަށް ޓަކައި އެންމެ ބޮޑަށް ސަމާލުކަން ދޭންވީ ބަހުގެ ކޮން ބަޔަކަށްކަމާއި އެންމެ ބޮޑަށް ސަމާލުކަންދޭންވީ ކޮން ދާއިރާއެއްގެ ޚަބަރުތަކަކަށްކަން ވެސް މި ދިރާސާއިން މި ވަނީ ހޯދިފައެވެ. މި ދިރާސާއަކީ ނޫސްތަކާއި ބަހުގެ އިދާރާތަކުން އިތުރަށް ސަމާލުކަންދޭންޖެހޭ މުހިންމު ކަންތައްތަކެއް ފާހަގަކުރެވުނު ދިރާސާއެކެވެ.
Stress and coping resources of divorced women in the Maldives
Authors: ABOOBAKURU SHIFZA , RIYAZ AMINATH
Published: February 2024

he paper explores the stress level and the coping resources utilized by divorced women in the Maldives. While the study is designed as a quantitative investigation, the general objectives are not to generalize findings but to gain an understanding of divorce demographic and coping strategies of women after divorce. The Taylor’s manifest anxiety scale was used to assess stress, and a second questionnaire assesses divorcees’ current situation and their coping strategies. Both the questionnaires were self-administered by 60 participants identified through snowball sampling strategy. The findings show that divorced women exhibit notable psychological stress, with 46.7% of the participants having high stress, 51.7% having low stress and only 1.7% exhibiting no stress. While other unknown stressors in their life cannot be ruled out, the findings suggest that better socioeconomic, cognitive and emotional resources such as education, employment, adequate finance including child maintenance from the father of the child, emotional support from immediate family as well as friends have a positive impact on reducing stress. Contrarily, the findings also show lack of employment, rental expenses, dependency on an external party for child maintenance support, the uncertainties of a new romantic relationship, and the experience from a painful divorce process can have a negative impact on psychological wellbeing. Furthermore, in adjusting to life after divorce, most of the participants seek financial independence through upskilling and employment, while some divorced women seek remarriage for financial and emotional security.
Improving Water Distribution Network Models with Data Assimilation: Unleashing the Power of Real-Time Improvements
Authors: MIFLAL FAYAZ BRAHIM MIFLAL FAYAZ , MARIO CASTRO-GAMA  , LEONARDO ALFONSO SEGURA
Published: February 2024

Ensuring a reliable water supply in the face of changing conditions and growing demand is a critical global challenge. Water distribution networks (WDNs) are essential infrastructure, but traditional modeling methods based on historical data often struggle to adapt in real-time and integrate new information. In order to lower model errors in WDN models, this study explores the use of a Data Assimilation (DA) method that makes use of the Ensemble Kalman Filter. The study explores the effectiveness of the DA method, and a novel Greedy Algorithm (GA) for optimizing the location of sensors. The study shows that the DA method improves the WDN model and the GA is able to successfully determine optimal sensor locations. It was observed that increasing the number of sensors in the WDN increased the effectiveness of the DA method. This study highlights the potential of data assimilation to improve WDN modeling. Water utilities can gain from more precise predictions, greater system performance, and efficient decision-making for the management and maintenance of water distribution networks by allowing models to adapt and improve dynamically
Well-being of the elderly living in Male’, Maldives: Prevalence and relationship among sociability, loneliness and depression
Authors: ABDUL AZEEZ ZAHUDHA , IMAD SHAHLA , SUZANA MARIYAM
Published: February 2024

Loneliness, depression and sociability among the elderly population are recognized as critical global public health issues. Understanding the level and depth of these issues can be helpful for designing future public health interventions for this population. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and explore the relationships between loneliness, social isolation and depression among the senior population living in Male’, Maldives. This is an analytical descriptive study in which data was collected through a questionnaire administered in a personal face-to-face approach. This study was carried out in the four wards of Male’, Henveyru, Maafannu, Machangolhi and Galolhu among elderly people aged between 65 to 75 years (n= 312). The prevalence of elderly depression, sociability and loneliness found in this study were 56.1%, 64.0% and 55.4% respectively. The study also revealed that loneliness and depression were positively correlated each other (r =0.817, p < 0.001), while a negative correlation were observed between sociability and depression, sociability and loneliness (r = - 0.656, p < 0.001) and (r = -0.603, p < 0.001). Therefore, the study suggests to modify and implement age-sensitive interventions and address all the three aspects together to reduce significant adverse effects on elderly health.
Predator and parasite mites associated with aphids and scale insects in Guilan Province of Iran
Authors: Hossein Navaran Amir , Hajizadeh Jalil
Published: February 2024

A faunistic study on the predator and parasite mites (Acari) associated with aphids and scale insects in Guilan province, northern Iran was carried out during 2020- 2021. Totally, 32 species belonging to 23 different genera and 11 families were collected and identified. Amblyseius herbicolus (Chant), Amblyseius meridionalis Berlese, Euseius stipulates (Athias-Henriot), Euseius finlandicus (Oudemas), Neoseiulus barkeri, Paraseiulus triporus (Chant & Yoshida-Shaul), Paraseiulus soleiger (Ribaga), Paraseiulus talbii (Athias-Henriot), Transeius wainsteini (Gomelauri), Typhlodromus caudiglans Schuster [Phytoseiidae]; Cheletogenes ornatus (Canestrini &  Fanzago), Cheletomimus berlesei (Oudemans), Cheletomorpha lepidopterorum (Shaw), Cheyletus malaccensis Oudemans [Cheyletidae]; Armascirus cerris Kaluz [Cunaxidae]; Balastium zhangi Saboori [Erythraeidae]; Cyta latirostris (Hermann) [Bdellidae]; Lasioseius extremus (Daneshvar) [Blattisociidae]; Uropoda orbicularis (Muller) [Uropodidae] and Nenteia stylifera (Edwards) [Trematuridae] are new records for association with aphids and scale insects in Guilan province. Collection information of identified species and the dominance (%) of their families are provided. A tabulated checklist of 69 mite species associated with aphids and scale insects in Guilan Province, Iran, is also provided.
Nouvelle gestion publique et travail social au Québec : actions stratégiques en réponse
aux contraintes organisationnelles
Authors: Roy Valérie , Leblanc-Huard Gabrielle , Grenier Josée
Published: February 2024

Depuis son implantation progressive dans le réseau de la santé et des services
sociaux, la Nouvelle gestion publique (NGP) a entrainé des modifications majeures dans les
conditions de pratique des travailleuses sociales. L’imprégnation d’une logique
gestionnaire, la standardisation des pratiques ainsi que le recours de plus en plus fréquent
aux données probantes et à l’intelligence artificielle pour baliser l’intervention ont
contribué à réduire l’autonomie professionnelle des travailleuses sociales. Dans ce cadre de
plus en plus contraignant, il devient difficile pour elles d’exercer des pratiques éthiques,
c’est-à-dire de déployer au quotidien une pensée critique et une réflexivité basées sur les
savoirs et valeurs du travail social, sur les normes déontologiques de la profession et sur
leur identité professionnelle. Elles ont également de moins en moins de marge de manoeuvre
pour déployer des interventions inclusives et différenciées auprès des personnes issues de
groupes minoritaires auprès desquelles elles sont appelées à agir. Les changements entrainés
par la NGP engendrent aussi chez les travailleuses sociales des conflits de loyauté, entre
les attentes de leurs gestionnaires et leurs valeurs professionnelles, ce qui a de nombreux
effets délétères : détresse psychologique, démobilisation, épuisement professionnel,
changement de carrière, etc. Si plusieurs recherches se sont intéressées à ces impacts des
réformes managériales, très peu se sont attardées aux stratégies déployées par les
travailleuses sociales dans leurs pratiques quotidiennes pour y faire face et pour assurer
un exercice éthique de leur profession. Cet article propose ainsi une analyse des
répercussions de la restructuration de l’État engendré par la NGP sur les conditions de
pratique du travail social, ainsi que des réponses émergentes introduites par les actrices
de terrain.
The formation of the architectural landscape of Szeged, Hungary. 1872-1930.
Authors: Ivanova Alina Pavlovna
Published: February 2024

The article, written during the implementation of the international Russian-Hungarian project, is of an overview nature. The author's goal is to expand the understanding of Russian colleagues about the Hungarian architecture of the late XIX – first third of the XX centuries. Szeged was chosen as an example of a large-scale reconstruction: the city, almost completely destroyed by the flood of 1879, was rebuilt in a short period and became the "southern capital" of Hungary. Based on field research in 2022, three layers of the architectural and spatial landscape of Szeged are considered: "imperial" (borderless classicism and historicism), "national" (Magyar secession) and interwar (Art Deco). The article is illustrated with photographs of the Hungarian participant of the project G. Csonadi. The object of the study is the city of Szeged, located 169 km south of Budapest, near today's Hungarian-Romanian and Hungarian-Serbian borders, at the confluence of the Tisza and Maros rivers. It is the second most important city in Hungary, the most important point on the "mental map" of the country, the capital of the Hungarian plain and a symbol of the revival of the national spirit. The subject of the study is the process of constructing an architectural "image of the Motherland". In our work, we use an interdisciplinary approach, combining elements of history, architecture, cultural studies and social geography. This allows us to explore and analyze architectural heritage more deeply, its impact on the formation of the cultural landscape and social processes. Using the example of the southern Hungarian city of Szeged, the process of constructing the "image of the Motherland" developed in a time perspective is considered. We have identified several layers in the architectural landscape of Szeged: regular-imperial (Biedermeier, neo-Baroque, borderless classicism), national-romantic (from historicism in the spirit of the French Renaissance to the Magyar secession), interwar (Art Deco based on neo-Romanticism). We see that the "spirit of the times" and the "image of the Motherland" are not static and are embodied in various forms. The image of "little Vienna", resurrected according to the patterns of the Enlightenment era on the far periphery of the Empire, is being transformed under the onslaught of the nationally oriented bourgeoisie. Bizarre and eccentric architectural experiments sponsored by private original customers are replaced by monumental pathos ensembles that help citizens jointly survive the deepest collective psychotrauma. The Synagogue, the Cathedral, the University and the "sunny houses" embody different facets of the Hungarian identity.
Correlated signatures of social behavior in cerebellum and anterior cingulate cortex
Authors: Hur Sung Won , Safaryan Karen , Yang Long , Blair Hugh T , Masmanidis Sotiris C , Mathews Paul J , Aharoni Daniel , Golshani Peyman
Published: February 2024

The cerebellum has been implicated in the regulation of social behavior. Its influence is thought to arise from communication, via the thalamus, to forebrain regions integral in the expression of social interactions, including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). However, the signals encoded or the nature of the communication between the cerebellum and these brain regions is poorly understood. Here, we describe an approach that overcomes technical challenges in exploring the coordination of distant brain regions at high temporal and spatial resolution during social behavior. We developed the E-Scope, an electrophysiology-integrated miniature microscope, to synchronously measure extracellular electrical activity in the cerebellum along with calcium imaging of the ACC. This single coaxial cable device combined these data streams to provide a powerful tool to monitor the activity of distant brain regions in freely behaving animals. During social behavior, we recorded the spike timing of multiple single units in cerebellar right Crus I (RCrus I) Purkinje cells (PCs) or dentate nucleus (DN) neurons while synchronously imaging calcium transients in contralateral ACC neurons. We found that during social interactions a significant subpopulation of cerebellar PCs were robustly inhibited, while most modulated neurons in the DN were activated, and their activity was correlated with positively modulated ACC neurons. These distinctions largely disappeared when only non-social epochs were analyzed suggesting that cerebellar-cortical interactions were behaviorally specific. Our work provides new insights into the complexity of cerebellar activation and co-modulation of the ACC during social behavior and a valuable open-source tool for simultaneous, multimodal recordings in freely behaving mice.
CryoEM structures of the human CLC-2 voltage-gated chloride channel reveal a ball-and-chain gating mechanism
Authors: Xu Mengyuan , Neelands Torben , Powers Alexander S , Liu Yan , Miller Steven D , Pintilie Grigore D , Bois J Du , Dror Ron O , Chiu Wah , Maduke Merritt
Published: February 2024

CLC-2 is a voltage-gated chloride channel that contributes to electrical excitability and ion homeostasis in many different tissues. Among the nine mammalian CLC homologs, CLC-2 is uniquely activated by hyperpolarization, rather than depolarization, of the plasma membrane. The molecular basis for the divergence in polarity of voltage gating among closely related homologs has been a long-standing mystery, in part because few CLC channel structures are available. Here, we report cryoEM structures of human CLC-2 at 2.46 – 2.76 Å, in the presence and absence of the selective inhibitor AK-42. AK-42 binds within the extracellular entryway of the Cl–-permeation pathway, occupying a pocket previously proposed through computational docking studies. In the apo structure, we observed two distinct conformations involving rotation of one of the cytoplasmic C-terminal domains (CTDs). In the absence of CTD rotation, an intracellular N-terminal 15-residue hairpin peptide nestles against the TM domain to physically occlude the Cl–-permeation pathway. This peptide is highly conserved among species variants of CLC-2 but is not present in other CLC homologs. Previous studies suggested that the N-terminal domain of CLC-2 influences channel properties via a “ball-and-chain” gating mechanism, but conflicting data cast doubt on such a mechanism, and thus the structure of the N-terminal domain and its interaction with the channel has been uncertain. Through electrophysiological studies of an N-terminal deletion mutant lacking the 15-residue hairpin peptide, we support a model in which the N-terminal hairpin of CLC-2 stabilizes a closed state of the channel by blocking the cytoplasmic Cl–-permeation pathway.