bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Projetos de vida de adolescentes que vivem com HIV/AIDS
Authors: Sehnem Graciela Dutra , De Paula Francielle Morais , Monteiro Amanda Suélen , Machado Anahy da Silva , Scopel Mariana Ferreira , Dallabrida Giovana Sangiogo , Neves Eliane Tatsch
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: conhecer os projetos de vida de adolescentes que vivem com HIV/aids. Metodologia: trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa realizada em um Serviço de Atendimento Especializado com 15 adolescentes que vivem com HIV/aids. Utilizou-se a entrevista semiestruturada e os dados foram submetidos a análise temática. Resultados: O diagnóstico de soropositividade pode ser considerado um importante aspecto na definição ou redefinição de projetos de vida de adolescentes que vivem com HIV/aids. Foi possível observar, nos depoimentos dos adolescentes, que o HIV/aids transpassava seus sonhos, desejos e planos e, por vezes, esmaecia os mesmos.Considerações finais:Os projetos de vida não perpassam apenas aspectos acadêmicos, profissionais, afetivos e familiares, são também projetos de cuidado com a sua saúde, com a própria vida e com a saúde do outro.Objetivo:conhecer os projetos de vida de adolescentes que vivem com HIV/aids. Metodologia: trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa realizada em um Serviço de Atendimento Especializado com 15 adolescentes que vivem com HIV/aids. Utilizou-se a entrevista semiestruturada e os dados foram submetidos a análise temática. Resultados:O diagnóstico de soropositividade pode ser considerado um importante aspecto na definição ou redefinição de projetos de vida de adolescentes que vivem com HIV/aids. Foi possível observar, nos depoimentos dos adolescentes, que o HIV/aids transpassava seus sonhos, desejos e planos e, por vezes, esmaecia os mesmos.Considerações finais:Os projetos de vida não perpassam apenas aspectos acadêmicos, profissionais, afetivos e familiares, são também projetos de cuidado com a sua saúde, com a própria vida e com a saúde do outro.
INDICADORES DE SAÚDE E QUALIDADE DOS DADOS: UMA ANÁLISE DO SISTEMA DE INFORMAÇÃO SOBRE NASCIDOS VIVOS NO PARANÁ, BRASIL (1996 – 2018)
Authors: Mello Aline Veroneze de , Silva Zilda Pereira da
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: Analisar indicadores de saúde e a qualidade dos dados do SINASC no Paraná, Brasil, no período entre 1996 e 2018. Métodos: Foram analisados os dados do SINASC, disponibilizados pelo Ministério da Saúde em plataforma online (TabNet) nos anos de 1996, 2000, 2006, 2012 e 2018 no estado do Paraná dos principais indicadores de saúde, além de cobertura, completitude e consistência. Resultados: Quanto aos indicadores, houve um expressivo aumento na proporção de mães que realizaram 7 ou mais consultas pré-natal (1996: 49,38% para 2018: 85,2%), assim como houve aumento na proporção de partos do tipo cesárea, crianças nascidas pré-termo (1996: 4,25% e 2018: 10,47%) e com baixo peso (1996: 7,3% e 2018: 8,5%). Quanto a cobertura, o número de nascidos vivos obtidos pelo SINASC superior ao do Registro Civil (percentuais acima de 100%). Contatou-se que para todas as variáveis a incompletitude dos dados foi excelente (5%). Para a consistência, a razão entre sexo masculino e feminino esteve próximo ou igual a 1,06 em todos os anos, peso ao nascer (associada ao período de duração da gestação), apresentou percentuais na categoria “correto” acima de 95%. Considerações finais: Ressalta-se a importância de realizar o monitoramento das informações dos sistemas de estatísticas vitais no Paraná, além de indicadores de qualidade, uma vez que são fundamentais para nortear o preenchimento adequado dos dados, verificação de possíveis inconsistências, acompanhamento da situação de saúde da população, além de nortear políticas públicas focadas na saúde materno-infantil.
Insights from the analysis of draft genome sequence of Crocus sativus L.
Authors:   National Center for Biological Sciences, Bellary Road, Bengaluru 560065, Sowdhamini Ramanathan
Published: November 2021

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is the low yielding plant of medicinal and economic importance. Therefore, it is of interest to report the draft genome sequence of C. sativus. The draft genome of C. sativus has been assembled using Illumina sequencing and is 3.01 Gb long covering 84.24% of genome. C. sativus genome annotation identified 53,546 functional genes (including 5726 transcription factors), 862,275 repeats and 964,231 SSR markers. The genes involved in the apocarotenoids biosynthesis pathway (crocin, crocetin, picrocrocin, and safranal) were found in the draft genome analysis.
The nuances of wood dye in the process of creating the original wooden sculptures
Authors: Cheglakov Aleksandr Dmitrievich
Published: November 2021

This article discusses the ways to improve the decorative qualities of wood that are known to mankind since the ancient times, as well as the techniques of working with wood that have improved over time. The author underlines the importance of the proper choice of finishing materials, which is intended for not only preserving the cultural sites, but also making a certain aesthetic perception. The choice of materials is substantiated by the nature of wood, as well as the, the conceptual idea of the artist. The article explores the key methods of finishing woodworking in the process of creating the original wooden sculptures. The author lists the main types of wood finishing, as well as some of the original techniques. It is noted that there are various technologies of wood dye. A description is given to the treatment of wooden surface with wax in its traditional and modern form; as well as to some original techniques such as the woodworking affected by bark beetle and glazing. It is stated that the proper glazing gives wood strength and resistance, protecting from various influences and significantly extending its durability. Particular attention is turned to the method of gilding and implementation of this ancient technique in modern wooden sculpture. Recommendations are given for the proper selection of applicators to maintain wood dye.
Stochastic social behavior coupled to COVID-19 dynamics leads to waves, plateaus, and an endemic state
Authors: Tkachenko Alexei V , Maslov Sergei , Wang Tong , Elbana Ahmed , Wong George N , Goldenfeld Nigel
Published: November 2021

It is well recognized that population heterogeneity plays an important role in the spread of epidemics. While individual variations in social activity are often assumed to be persistent, that is, constant in time, here we discuss the consequences of dynamic heterogeneity. By integrating the stochastic dynamics of social activity into traditional epidemiological models, we demonstrate the emergence of a new long timescale governing the epidemic, in broad agreement with empirical data. Our stochastic social activity model captures multiple features of real-life epidemics such as COVID-19, including prolonged plateaus and multiple waves, which are transiently suppressed due to the dynamic nature of social activity. The existence of a long timescale due to the interplay between epidemic and social dynamics provides a unifying picture of how a fast-paced epidemic typically will transition to an endemic state.
The role of TAp63γ and P53 point mutations in regulating DNA repair, mutational susceptibility and invasion of bladder cancer cells
Authors: Wang Hsiang-Tsui , Lee Hyun-Wook , Weng Mao-wen , Liu Yan , Huang William C , Lepor Herbert , Wu Xue-Ru , Tang Moon-shong
Published: November 2021

It has long been recognized that non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) has a low propensity (20%) of becoming muscle-invasive (MIBC), and that MIBC carry many more p53 point mutations (p53m) than NMIBC (50% vs 10%). MIBC also has a higher mutation burden than NMIBC. These results suggest that DNA repair capacities, mutational susceptibility and p53m are crucial for MIBC development. We found MIBC cells are hypermutable, deficient in DNA repair and have markedly downregulated DNA repair genes, XPC, hOGG1/2 and Ref1, and the tumor suppressor, TAp63γ. In contrast, NMIBC cells are hyperactive in DNA repair and exhibit upregulated DNA repair genes and TAp63γ. A parallel exists in human tumors, as MIBC tissues have markedly lower DNA repair activity, and lower expression of DNA repair genes and TAp63γ compared to NMIBC tissues. Forced TAp63γ expression in MIBC significantly mitigates DNA repair deficiencies and reduces mutational susceptibility. Knockdown of TAp63γ in NMIBC greatly reduces DNA repair capacity and enhances mutational susceptibility. Manipulated TAp63γ expression or knockdown of p53m reduce the invasion of MIBC by 40–60%. However, the combination of p53m knockdown with forced TAp63γ expression reduce the invasion ability to nil suggesting that p53m contributes to invasion phenotype independent from TAp63γ. These results indicate that in BC, TAp63γ regulates DNA repair capacities, mutational susceptibility and invasion, and that p53m contribute to the invasion phenotype. We conclude that concurrent TAp63γ suppression and acquisition of p53m are a major cause for MIBC development.
Interventions for Pre-School Children with Co-Occurring Phonological Speech Sound Disorder and Expressive Language Difficulties
Authors: Rodgers Lucy , Harding Sam , Rees Rachel , Clarke Michael T.
Published: November 2021

Background: Pre-school children with co-occurring phonological speech sound disorder and expressive language difficulties are more likely to have ongoing communication and literacy needs compared to children with these difficulties in isolation. However, to date there has been no systematic or scoping review of the literature specific to interventions for this frequently seen and high-risk group.

Aims: The objective of this paper is to provide a rigorous and detailed protocol for a scoping review of interventions, which target both phonological speech sound disorder and expressive language difficulties in pre-school children with primary speech, language and communication needs. The protocol includes details on the development of a search strategy, as well as the trial of an extraction tool.

Methods/Design: Included studies must aim to concurrently improve both speech production and expressive language. Children within included studies must be aged between 2:0 and 5:11 years and have communication needs with no known cause. In accordance with the Joanna Briggs institute scoping review methods guidelines, an initial search of the Ovid Emcare and Ovid Medline databases was conducted. Following this a final search strategy for these databases were produced. A draft extraction form was developed by the first author; this was then trialed by two authors on four articles each.

Discussion: Following the systematic development of an initial search strategy and extraction form, a scoping review of this topic can take place. The development of a rigorous scoping review protocol is essential in enhancing the transparency and reliability of the subsequent review. A pre-developed search strategy and trialing of an extraction form is a fundamental part of this process.
Necrotising Cutaneous Lesions in Anti Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies- Associated Vasculitis Mimicking Necrotising Fasciitis
Authors: Atan Ahmad Arieff , Lee Khong Wee , Murthi Sughilan Sundara , Mansoor Muhammad Azri Mohamed , Afifi Mustaqim
Published: November 2021

Necrotising vasculitis is a very rare occurrence and commonly caused by an underlying autoimmune pathology. Anti Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA) associated vasculitis is an established cause for cutaneous manifestations of necrotising vasculitis, and is associated with multisystemic involvement, in which presentations of one system may feature predominantly and lead to misdiagnosis. A 33-year-old male presented with acute history of shortness of breath and necrotising blisters over both his ankles and arms. He was initially provisionally diagnosed with necrotising fasciitis, which was eventually ruled out as the serological biomarkers (including low level of C3 and presence of cytoplasmic type of ANCA on indirect immunofluorescence) drew suspicion of an autoimmune pathology. A multidisciplinary approach led to the commencement of steroid, which improved the patient’s condition rapidly. The histological examination of sample from the skin biopsy later confirmed the diagnosis of ANCA-Associated Vasculitis (AAV). The patient eventually recovered with excellent outcomes. Despite its rarity, any abnormal skin lesion may be a subtle presentation of necrotising cutaneous vasculitis. A high index of suspicion through a multidisciplinary approach, coupled with meticulous investigative process including serological biomarkers and skin biopsy, helps to avoid misdiagnosis which may be detrimental to the patient.
Association between Clinico-epidemiological Features in Chronic Urticaria with Autologous Serum Skin Test: A Cross-sectional Observational Study
Authors: Tirupathi Usha Rani , Manchiryala Bhagya Rekha , Kareddy Sruthi
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Urticaria is a frequent and heterogeneous skin disease characterised by the development of wheals (hives), angioedema, or both. Chronic urticaria is characterised by the occurrence of wheals lasting less than 24 hours, with or without angioedema occurring daily or almost daily lasting more than six weeks. The two subtypes of chronic urticaria are Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria (CSU) and Chronic Inducible Urticaria (CIU). Autologous Serum Skin Test (ASST) is the simplest and the best in-vivo clinical test for the detection of basophil histamine- releasing activity. ASST has a sensitivity of approximately 70% and a specificity of 80%. Aim: To study the association between clinico-epidemiological features of CSU with positive and negative ASST. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted on 80 clinically diagnosed cases of CSU attending the Department of Dermatology Venereology Leprology Outpatient Department at Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Hospital (Kakatiya Medical College), Warangal, Telangana, India; during the period of January 2016 to September 2017. The detailed history was taken; complete physical and cutaneous examination and laboratory investigations like Complete Blood Picture (CBP), Absolute Eosinophil Count (AEC), Erythrocytic Sedimentation Rate (ESR), Thyroid Function Test (TFT) were carried out. ASST was done and read after 30 minutes. Chi- square test was applied and the results analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 10.0. Results: Out of total 80 patients included in the study, ASST was positive in 36 (45%) and negative in 44 (55%). ASST positive patients showed longer duration of the disease with increased frequency of attacks and longer duration of wheals. However, both ASST positive and negative groups did not show statistically significant difference in the age of occurrence, gender, angioedema, dermographism. Conclusion: Autoimmune urticaria has no distinctive clinical features. ASST positive, autoimmune urticaria patients have more severe disease with greater impact on quality of life. Thus, they may need more aggressive treatment.
Prevalence of Dental Anomalies in Skeletal Malocclusions with Different Growth Patterns in North Indian Population- A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Jose Floret , Sidhu Maninder S , Dabas Ashish , Grover Seema , Dogra Namrata
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Anomalies of the developing dentition occur due to absence or interruption of normal tooth development along with genetic and/or environment influences. Craniofacial development and dental malocclusion is an interplay between a number of factors such as tooth size, arch size and shape, the number and arrangement of teeth, size and relationship of the jaws and related soft tissues including lips, cheeks, and tongue. Aim: To evaluate the prevalence and distribution of dental anomalies among different skeletal malocclusions and growth patterns in North Indian population. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on pretreatment diagnostic records of 260 patients belonging to the age group of 15-25 years, who had reported to the Out Patient Department (OPD) of Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India, during the period of April 2012 to December 2020. The analysis was carried out between November 2020 and January 2021. The study sample was grouped into different growth patterns and skeletal malocclusions based on Sella-Nasion-Gonion- Gnathion (SN Go-Gn) and ANB (A point, nasion, B point), Sagittal intermaxillary angle values respectively, which were obtained from the pretreatment lateral cephalometric tracings. The prevalence of dental anomalies was evaluated in each group by examining the pretreatment diagnostic records. Chi-Square/Fisher-Freeman- Halton test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The prevalence of dental anomalies in the study sample was 65 (25%). The most common anomaly found was over retained deciduous teeth, followed by ectopic eruption with prevalence rate of 30 (11.5%) and 24 (9.2%), respectively. A total of 142 (54.6%) patients had hypodivergent growth pattern, 23 (8.8%) had normodivergent growth pattern and 95 (36.5%) had hyperdivergent growth pattern. 36 (13.8%) patients had skeletal class I malocclusion, 205 (78.8%) had skeletal class II malocclusion and 19 (7.3%) patients had skeletal class III malocclusion. Hypodivergent group showed the highest prevalence of dental anomalies with 38 (26.8%), followed by hyperdivergent group with 23 (24.2%) and normodivergent group were 4 (17.4%). Skeletal class I malocclusion group had the highest number of dental anomalies as 13 (36.1%), followed by skeletal class II malocclusion with 50 (24.4%) and skeletal class III malocclusion group with 2 (10.5%). Conclusion: Hypodivergent growth pattern and skeletal class II malocclusion were the most prevalent growth pattern and skeletal malocclusion in North Indian population. Dental anomalies were most prevalent in patients with hypodivergent growth pattern and skeletal class I malocclusion. The results of the present study indicate that dental anomalies are associated with certain malocclusions and growth patterns which may contribute to more accurate treatment predictions.
Assessment of Malignant Biliary Obstruction by Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kumar Tushant , Dixit Pramod Kumar , Singh Pramod Kumar
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Malignant Biliary Obstruction (MBO) is caused by hepatic metastasis, gall bladder carcinoma, other distant metastasis, icteric hepatocellular carcinoma and lymphoma. Different signs and symptoms of obstruction includes pruritus, jaundice, altered food taste, renal dysfunction, anorexia, malnutrition which ultimately leads to impaired immune dysfunction and impaired quality of life. Aim: To determine the extent of biliary ductal involvement in patients with MBO through Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography (PTC) technique and to compare the number of biliary drainage required. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study was undertaken at Department of Radiodiagnosis, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India. It included total 40 patients (24 females and 16 males) with strong clinicopathological and laboratory investigation suspicious of MBO. Patients with suspected MBO were examined with MR cholangiography. All patients then underwent PTC and Biliary Drainage (PTBD) and/or stent placement after MR cholangiography. The statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Results: As out of 40 patients, 16 (40%) were males and 24 (60%) were females and the mean age was 53.87±9.49 years with maximum age noted to be 75 years and minimum age of patient in study was 35 years. The most common block observed on MRCP was type IIIA (35%) and after MRCP the distribution of level of hilar block on PTC was obtained with the most common block found was of type II (32.5%). Maximum number of biliary drains during PTBD was three. In MRCP three biliary drain were used in 47.5% patients while in PTC it was used only in 40% patients. Conclusion: Based on diagnostic performance, PTC was found to be superior for the assessment of MBO. PTC played an important role in scheduling the therapeutic strategy for malignant biliary stricture.
Using the Pandemic to Accelerate 21st-Century Learning at a Rural University in Zimbabwe
Authors: Maphosa Vusumuzi,
Published: November 2021

This study responds to the disruptive environment in which educational institutions globally find themselves in the COVID-19 lockdown, where remote-based teaching was adapted to ensure continuous learning. Globally, over 90% of learners are affected by the closure of learning institutions. The study evaluates the digital transformation necessitated by the COVID-19 lockdown through the perception of faculty. Despite the rapid technological developments and high adoption of technology-mediated tools in most developed countries, developing countries lag. E-learning adoption has remained low in most developing countries, and this study aims to investigate the acceptance of Moodle at a rural university in Zimbabwe. This quantitative study utilised the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model to explore how the institution used the COVID-19 pandemic as a springboard to accelerate the adoption of virtual learning systems. Very few studies have been conducted to evaluate Moodle acceptance in a developing country context using the UTAUT model during a pandemic such as the COVID-19.  An online questionnaire was distributed to 200 faculty members. The results revealed that performance and effort expectancy and the facilitating conditions positively influenced the behavioural intention to use Moodle. However, in contrast, social influence did not positively influence the actual usage of Moodle. Educationists and technologists can use the results of the study to improve e-learning deployment in developing countries. The study also builds on ongoing research on e-learning implementation and evaluation using the UTAUT model. Future studies should be conducted across several institutions and involve students to come up with more generalisable results.
Influence of Bio-fertilizer Application Method with Organic and In-organic Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Bitter-gourd in Winter Season (Momordica charantia L.)
Authors: Habiba Mst. Umme , Khatun Khaleda , Mostarin Tahmina , Samad Md. Abdus , Tania Mst. Marium , Malo Kakon , Akter Sima
Published: November 2021

The experiment was conducted at the Horticulture farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207 during the period of November 2019 – May 2020 to find out Influence of bio-fertilizer application method with organic and in-organic fertilizer on growth and yield of bitter-gourd in winter season .The experiment was consisted of two factors : as- Factor A: Fertilizer (4 levels) T0: control, no fertilizer ,T1: Organic (kitchen compost @1000 kg/ha),T2: in-organic (N46 P40 K 45 ) Kg/ha and T3: Organic (kitchen compost @1000 kg/ha) + in-organic (N23 P20 K23) kg/ha Factors B: Bio-fertilizer application method (3 levels) F1: Seed treatment with bio-fertilizer @ 100ml/250g seed,F2: Seedling treatment with bio-fertilizer @400 ml/500 seedling. And F3: Soil treatment with bio-fertilizer @.046 g/m2. The two factorial experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Maximum plant height (299.69 cm),fruit number per plant (19.96), fruit length(27.11 cm), yield/plant (1.05 kg), yield per plot(6.30kg) and total yield (19.44 t/ha) were found from T3F3 treatment. whereas minimum plant height (90.67 cm), fruit number per plant (1.27), fruit length (4.49 cm), yield/plant (.046 kg), yield per plot(.28 kg) and total yield (.86 t/ha) were found from T0F2(control) treatment .All growth related parameter was collected up to 75 DAS due to COVID-19.This study suggests that T3F3 (Organic (kitchen compost @1000 kg/ha) + in-organic (N23 P20 K23) kg/ha)+ bio-fertilizer (soil treatment) treatment acts as a potential source of plant nutrients for suitable bitter gourd production. The combination of organic, In-organic and soil application of bio-fertilizer (T3F3) gave the highest gross return (Tk. 1458000). The lowest gross return (Tk.85600) was obtained in the control condition where no bio-fertilizer as well as no fertilizer was applied. The combination of organic, inorganic and soil application of bio-fertilizer (T3F3) gave highest benefit cost ratio (3.16) and the lowest benefit cost ratio (0.60) was obtained in combination of control condition (T0F2). So, the economic analysis revealed that the treatment T3F3 combination appeared to be the best for achieving the higher growth, yield and economic benefit of bitter gourd.
Analysis of Value Added of Catfish Meatballs in Bandung Regency, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Gumilar Iwang , Widjaja Syafira Ananda , Pratama RuzkyIntan , Nurhayati Atikah
Published: November 2021

This research aims to find out the value added obtained from the process of processing catfish into catfish meatballs. This research was conducted on August 2021 in Bandung Regency. The method used is the case study with the sampling technique in the form of purposive sampling. The type of data that primary data and secondary data uses with observation and interview techniques, the data is analyzed descriptively quantitatively to measure the overall value added component that can answer the purpose of the research. The analysis method used to calculate value added is using the Hayami’s method. The results showed that the value added resulting from the processing of catfish meatballs creates an value added of 19,600 IDR/kilograms the ratio of value added to product value by 13% it means the price of catfish meatball increase 13% from the price of fresh catfish. It means, the value added of catfish meatball relatively still low. The strategic that used to increase the value added of catfish meatball i.e increasing in production, increasing in price, and decreasing in cost.
Financial Analysis of Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Hatchery Business (Case Study in Ciparay Sub-District, Bandung District, West Java, Indonesia)
Authors: Gumilar Iwang , Akmalya Adinda Elsha , Dhahiyat Yayat , Suryana Asep Agus Handaka
Published: November 2021

Carp (Cyprinus carpio) hatchery cultivation is one of the business activities carried out by the community in Ciparay District, Bandung Regency. This research aims to analyze the financial feasibility of carp hatchery cultivation in Ciparay District, Bandung Regency. This research was conducted using a case study method consisting of primary data and secondary data. Primary data obtained from interviews with respondents and secondary data obtained from related agencies. This research uses 38 respondents as samples based on the sampling method (purposive sampling). The analysis used in this research is descriptive quantitative. The results obtained from this research are carp hatchery cultivation in Ciparay District has a profit value of 164,225,000 IDR/year, Profitability of 217%, R/C of 3.2 and Payback Period of 33 days so it is feasible to run and develop. Carp hatchery cultivators in Ciparay District, Bandung Regency are indicated to be prosperous because they have a higher income than the Regional Minimum Wage of Bandung Regency.
COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake and Associated Factors among Selected Security Personnel in Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Obi Andrew Ifeanyichukwu , Ogbonna Janet , Ogaba Major Usman , Tobin Ekaete , Ononigwe Pius Ikenna , Ireye Faith , Isara Alphonsus Rukevwe , Obi Regina Uwaoma
Published: November 2021

Background: Vaccination is a cost-effective public health intervention to prevent and or contain the spread of communicable diseases such as COVID-19. The level of uptake of vaccines across selected population such as security personnel is strategic towards attaining herd immunity. This study assessed the level of uptake of COVID-19 vaccination among security personnel in Edo State, Nigeria to aid planning for improved vaccine roll out among target population.

Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to obtain quantitative data from 482 security personnel from selected Security Agencies in Benin City between 1st February 2021 and 31st May 2021. Data collected were analysed using IBM SPSS version 20.0 statistical software with statistical significance set at p ˂ 0.050 and 95% Confidence Interval.

Results: The mean age of respondents was 41.5 (± 7.2) years. Three hundred and forty-four (71.4%) had positive attitude towards COVID 19 preventive measures. Furthermore, 242 (50.2%) had been vaccinated against Covid-19 respectively. The category of security agency was a significant determinant of COVID-19 vaccination with the odds of being vaccinated being higher among police officers (OR: 4.724; CI= 2.674- 8.344; p <0.001), Immigration Officers (OR: 3.401; CI=1.960 - 5.902; p < 0.001), FRSC (OR: 3.096; CI=1.785 - 5.374; p < 0.001) compared to EDSTMA Officers. Finally, the odds of being vaccinated was significantly lower among respondents with negative attitude (OR: 0.412; CI=0.270 - 0.629; p < 0.001) compared to respondents with positive attitude towards COVID-19 preventive measures.

Conclusion: A gap was identified between the attitude of security personnel towards COVID-19 preventive measures and their vaccination uptake. Strategic stakeholder engagement and continuous sensitization meetings are essential to help dispel myths and clarify misconceptions on COVID-19 vaccine for improved vaccination uptake among target population.
Drug Repurposing: In Silico Modeling of Mucor Mycosis
Authors: Kwatra Bharat , Bhattacharya Barshana , Khokhawat Tanvi , Raphael Jes Aaron , Bhati Monish , Ahuja Suniti
Published: November 2021

The globe has recently been fighting a battle with black fungus, also known as Mucormycosis, and with no immediate treatments available, the disease's devastation is spreading at an alarming rate. A large number of researchers are still looking for a promising new drug that could aid the medical care system in this fight. A docking-based screening employing quantum mechanical scoring of a library is shown, built from approved drugs and compounds that Ellagic acid, Hesperetin, Capsaicin, Concanavalin, Cinnamic acid, Quercetin, Citronellal, Limonene, Progoitrin, Sinigrin, Allicin, Curcumin, Indole, Resveratrol, Strigol, D-limonene, Benzoic acid, Panaxydol, Kaempferol and Berberine with Protein with PDB id 6VCT could display antifungal activity against Mucormycosis. Clearly, these compounds should be further evaluated in experimental assays and clinical trials to confirm their actual activity against the disease. We hope that these findings may contribute to the rational drug design against Mucormycosis.
Screening for Selenomonas Noxia and Akkermansia Muciniphila from the Oral Cavity of Pediatric Patients
Authors: Le Tommy , Chun Eunice , Lopez Ivan , Kingsley Karl , Nguyen Linh
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The human digestive tract is composed of an immense variety of microorganisms, which have been linked to many health problems such as obesity. There are many studies that demonstrate the association of cariogenic pathogens in dental patients and overall health. Selenomonas noxia, a gram negative anaerobe that is unable to metabolize sucrose and Akkermansia muciniphila, a gram negative anaerobe known to metabolize fats are two examples of pathogens that play a role in overall health. 

Objectives: Few studies have investigated both Selenomonas noxia (SN) and Akkermansia muciniphila (AM) with the same patient samples. The objective of this study was to analyze and evaluate the prevalence of both these organisms in a dental school-based setting. 

Methods: Saliva was collected from pediatric patients using an IRB-approved protocol. DNA was isolated for PCR screening and quality tested using the nanodrop. Gel electrophoresis was used for visualization. Forty seven (n=47) patients ranging from five to fifteen years of age (average 10.3) were screened. Nearly two-thirds of patients were male (64.6%) with the vast majority identified as Hispanic (72.9%) or other minority (25.0%) 

Results: DNA was successfully isolated with an overall average DNA concentration of 1.43 ug/uL and overall purity (A260:A80 ratio) of 1.88. Of the forty seven patients, four patients were positive for SN. There was no presence of AM in the samples.

Conclusions: Research regarding AM and SN may suggest they inhabit different niches in the microbial community. The preliminary data of this pilot study suggests that SN could be found in pediatric patients while AM is not likely prevalent. However, due to the small patient sample size and large differences observed from these samples further research and analysis would need to be conducted to validate the findings.
Estimation of Atmospheric Turbidity Parameters in Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Authors: E. Obisesan Omodara
Published: November 2021

This study estimated the levels of atmospheric turbidity in Ile-Ife, a tropical location in the Southwest of Nigeria, from November, 2017 to March, 2019. This was with the aim to quantify the degree of atmospheric cleanliness of the study location. The methods of estimation used are: the Angstrom turbidity parameters (α and β), Linke turbidity factor (TL) and horizontal visibility (VH). The values of α and β range between 0.6 and 1.4; 0.10 and 0.91 respectively. The values obtained for TL varied between 1 and 7 while visibility values ranged between 2 and 14 km. Maximum values of β and TL (corresponding to low values of VH) were obtained in the dry season (particularly in the months of January and February) while the lowest values of the same methods of estimation (corresponding to high values of VH) were recorded in the wet season (specifically in August and September). The elevated turbidity observed in the dry season was linked to episodes of Harmattan dust storms usually experienced at the study location. The study concluded that a polluted atmosphere dominates the study location especially in the dry season as indicated by the different atmospheric turbidity parameters.
Acetylornithine aminotransferase TM1785 performs multiple functions in the hyperthermophile Thermotoga maritima
Authors: Miyamoto Tetsuya , Saitoh Yasuaki , Katane Masumi , Sekine Masae , Sakai‐Kato Kumiko , Homma Hiroshi
Published: November 2021

The hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima peptidoglycan contains unusual d‐lysine alongside typical d‐alanine and d‐glutamate. We previously identified lysine racemase and threonine dehydratase, but knowledge of d‐amino acid metabolism remains limited. Herein, we identified and characterized T. maritima acetylornithine aminotransferase TM1785. The enzyme was most active towards acetyl‐l‐ornithine, but also utilized l‐glutamate, l‐ornithine and acetyl‐l‐lysine as amino donors, and 2‐oxoglutarate was the preferred amino acceptor. TM1785 also displayed racemase activity towards four amino acids and lyase activity towards l‐cysteine, but no dehydratase activity towards l‐serine, l‐threonine or corresponding d‐amino acids. Catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) was highest for aminotransferase activity and lowest for racemase activity. TM1785 is a novel acetylornithine aminotransferase associated with l‐arginine biosynthesis that possesses two additional distinct activities.
Introducing Low‐Cost Pyrazine Unit into Terpolymer Enables High‐Performance Polymer Solar Cells with Efficiency of 18.23%
Authors: Zhou Liuyang , Meng Lei , Zhang Jinyuan , Zhu Can , Qin Shucheng , Angunawela Indunil , Wan Yan , Ade Harald , Li Yongfang
Published: November 2021

Recently, a random ternary copolymerization strategy has become a promising and efficient approach to develop high‐performance polymer donors for polymer solar cells (PSCs). In this study, a low‐cost electron‐withdrawing unit, 2,5‐bis(4‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)pyrazine (PZ‐T), is incorporated into the polymer backbone of PM6 as the third component, and three D‐A1‐D‐A2 type terpolymers PMZ‐10, PMZ‐20, and PMZ‐30 are synthesized by the random copolymerization strategy, with the PZ‐T proportion of 10%, 20%, and 30%, respectively. The terpolymers exhibit downshifted highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels than PM6, which is beneficial for obtaining higher open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of the PSCs with the polymer as a donor. Importantly, the PSCs based on PMZ‐10:Y6 demonstrate efficient exciton dissociation, higher and balanced electron/hole mobilities, desirable aggregation, and high power conversion efficiency of 18.23%, which is the highest efficiency among the terpolymer‐based PSCs so far. The results indicate that the ternary copolymerization strategy with PZ‐T as the second A‐unit is an efficient approach to further improve the photovoltaic performance and reduce the synthetic cost of the D‐A copolymer donors.
A Skin‐Interfaced, Miniaturized Microfluidic Analysis and Delivery System for Colorimetric Measurements of Nutrients in Sweat and Supply of Vitamins Through the Skin
Authors: Kim Joohee , Wu Yixin , Luan Haiwen , Yang Da Som , Cho Donghwi , Kwak Sung Soo , Liu Shanliangzi , Ryu Hanjun , Ghaffari Roozbeh , Rogers John A.
Published: November 2021

Nutrients play critical roles in maintaining core physiological functions and in preventing diseases. Technologies for delivering these nutrients and for monitoring their concentrations can help to ensure proper nutritional balance. Eccrine sweat is a potentially attractive class of biofluid for monitoring purposes due to the ability to capture sweat easily and noninvasively from nearly any region of the body using skin‐integrated microfluidic technologies. Here, a miniaturized system of this type is presented that allows simple, rapid colorimetric assessments of the concentrations of multiple essential nutrients in sweat, simultaneously and without any supporting electronics – vitamin C, calcium, zinc, and iron. A transdermal patch integrated directly with the microfluidics supports passive, sustained delivery of these species to the body throughout a period of wear. Comparisons of measurement results to those from traditional lab analysis methods demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of this platform. On‐body tests with human subjects reveal correlations between the time dynamics of concentrations of these nutrients in sweat and those of the corresponding concentrations in blood. Studies conducted before and after consuming certain foods and beverages highlight practical capabilities in monitoring nutritional balance, with strong potential to serve as a basis for guiding personalized dietary choices.
Cotton row spacing and unmanned aerial vehicle sensors
Authors: Wu Wenzhuo , Hague Steve Scott , Jung Jinha , Ashapure Akash , Maeda Murilo , Maeda Andrea , Chang Anjin , Jones Don , Thomasson Alex , Landivar Juan
Published: November 2021

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to identify the number and area of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) bolls in a field plot can serve as an important high‐throughput phenotyping strategy for predicting seedcotton yield. The objectives of this study were to determine if the prediction of seedcotton yield using a UAV could be improved in skip‐row spacing versus solid‐row spacing and if a genotype × row‐spacing interaction occurs for important yield and fiber traits. A split‐plot design was used with the main plot being row spacing and the sub‐plot consisting of five cotton genotypes. Trials were conducted at three locations in 2017 and 2018. Seedcotton yield, lint yield, lint percent, and fiber qualities were measured for all treatments. In 2018, UAVs with red, green, and blue (RGB) cameras were flown across the fields at two locations to estimate open‐boll count and boll area at the end of the growing season. In general, lint yield and fiber quality were not affected by genotype × row spacing interactions. Seedcotton yield estimations from UAV‐based RGB sensors were improved when cotton was planted on a skip‐row spacing versus a solid row configuration. However, several issues beyond the improvement of seedcotton yield predictions with UAVs need to be considered before research programs use skip‐row spacing.
High rate of dyspareunia and probable vulvodynia in Ehlers–Danlos syndromes and hypermobility spectrum disorders: An online survey
Authors: Glayzer Jennifer E. , McFarlin Barbara L. , Castori Marco , Suarez Marie L. , Meinel Monya C. , Kobak William H. , Steffen Alana D. , Schlaeger Judith M.
Published: November 2021

Vulvodynia is debilitating vulvar pain accompanied by dyspareunia (pain with sexual intercourse). Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS) and hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD) may represent a predisposing factor for vulvodynia given a high rate of dyspareunia in these conditions. We conducted an online survey of women with EDS or HSD to assess rates of dyspareunia and estimate rates of vulvodynia, report rates of comorbid conditions common to EDS or HSD and vulvodynia, and examine rates of conditions contributing to dyspareunia in women with EDS or HSD. Women with EDS or HSD (N = 1,146) recruited via social media were 38.2 ± 11.5 years old, primarily White (94.4%), and resided in the United States (78.5%). 63.7% of participants reported dyspareunia and 50% screened positive for vulvodynia. The rate of comorbid conditions common to EDS or HSD and vulvodynia were: irritable bowel syndrome, 6.5%; fibromyalgia, 40.0%; temporomandibular joint dysfunction, 56.4%; migraine, 6.7%; interstitial cystitis, 1.7%; and mast cell activation syndrome, 10.2%. Participants reporting dyspareunia also reported ovarian cysts, fibroids, or abdominal or pelvic scars, 47.5%; endometriosis, 26.5%; and genital lacerations, 19.3%. Women with EDS or HSD may have a higher rate of vulvodynia (50.0%) than women in the U.S. population at large (8%) and should be assessed for dyspareunia and vulvodynia.
Mast cell activation disease and immunoglobulin deficiency in patients with hypermobile Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome/hypermobility spectrum disorder
Authors: Brock Isabelle , Prendergast Walter , Maitland Anne
Published: November 2021

Mast cell activation disease (MCAD) includes single organ disease such as asthma, urticaria, and gastroenteritis, as well as multiorgan system involvement such as mast cell activation syndrome and anaphylaxis. Reports link MCAD with hypermobile Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome (hEDS), hypermobility spectrum disorder (HSD), and with primary immune deficiencies such as complement and immunoglobulin deficiencies (Ig Def). This study assesses the concurrence of these syndromes. We undertook a cohort analysis of patients seen in a community‐based Allergy/Immunology clinic from 2015 to 2019. We searched for diagnostic codes for Ig Def disorders, hypermobility syndrome, hypermobile/Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome, and MCADs. Of 974 patients with suspected MCAD, 449 (46%) had a diagnosis of MCAD; 496 (51%) of cases had a combination of at least two of hEDS/HSD, MCAD, and Ig Def. Ig Def was present in 417 (43%) of patients; 188 (19.3%) had hEDS/HSD with an Ig Def with or without MCAD and accounted for 45% of all the cases with Ig Def. Of 974 cases, 101 (10%) had hEDS/HSD and MCAD; 207 (21%) had Ig Def and MCAD; 7 (0.7%) had Ig Def and hEDS/HSD; and 181 (19%) had a combination of all three syndromes. Most patients (74%) with these comorbidities were female. The presence of MCAD and Ig Def should be explored in patients with hEDS/HSD. Identifying underlying contributors to recurrent/chronic inflammation and tissue injury is needed to tailor and personalize therapies. This, in turn, can reduce tissue damage, iatrogenic intervention, and optimize health outcomes.
Alkaline earth metal salts of 3,6‐bis‐nitroguanyl‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine: Promising perchlorate‐free environmentally friendly pyrotechnic components
Authors: Chen Xiang , Wang Shenghui , Chen Yuankai , Hu Yongpeng , Zhang Cong , Guo Zhaoqi , Ma Haixia
Published: November 2021

Alkaline earth metal salts (magnesium, 2; calcium, 3; strontium, 4; barium, 5) with nitrogen‐rich 3,6‐bis‐nitroguanyl‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine anion (DNGTz2−) were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared, and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. All new compounds were further characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction measurements. Full analysis of the crystal structures and graph sets of hydrogen bonds were conducted out. The results revealed a large‐scale conjugation effect of DNGTz anion in all four salts and a middle to high densities ranging from 1.751 (2) to 2.296 (5) g·cm−3. Both 3 and 4 were one‐dimensional coordination polymers and show zig‐zag chain, whereas 5 crystalized in a two‐dimensional sql topological network. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis revealed the good thermal stability of all the new salts. Meanwhile, their specific heat capacities are in inverse proportion to atomic number of the metal cations. The constant‐volume combustion energy of 2–5 was determined experimentally, and the standard molar enthalpy of formation was backcalculated to evaluate their energetic performance. Impact sensitivity test disclosed that all the four metal salts were insensitive towards impact with a value higher than 40 J. Flame burning test supports their potential application as the environmentally friendly perchlorate‐free pyrotechnic components.
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Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2021

How many young vapers want to quit

Benefits and possible problems with helplines for youth

BMI increases in young children during pandemic
Suicide prevention: Focus on scalability and effectiveness
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2021

A literature review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focused on two measures of suicide prevention which are scalable and effective, and work in other countries but are not implemented widely in the United States. The review did find that antidepressants prevent suicide attempts, as well, but that RCTs are underpowered.
Elucidating the Role of Rh/C on the Pathways and Kinetics of Ketone‐to‐Secondary Amines Reaction
Authors: Arteaga‐Pérez Luis E. , Manrique Raydel , Ortega Maray , Castillo‐Puchi Francisca , Fraile Juan E. , Jiménez Romel
Published: November 2021

Biomass‐based amines have received a lot of attention due to their sustainability and carbon economy. Herein, the roles of the metal sites (Rh0 or Pd0) and operating conditions on the kinetics and reaction pathways of the heterogeneous catalytic amination of cyclohexanone with aniline have been discussed. Rh/C provides secondary amines with remarkable selectivity toward the hydrogenation product (ΣSi=72 %). The hydrogenation rate over Rh0 is 1.5‐fold higher than that observed over Pd0, while its dehydrogenation capacity diminished (rD_Rh ¡=0.74 h−1 and rD_Pd=1.32 h−1). This difference in the hydrogenation/dehydrogenation performance allows control over the selectivity via disproportionation of an imine intermediate. The kinetic observations can be represented using the Langmuir‐Hinshelwood model, indicating that the formation of the aminal intermediate is the rate‐limiting step. The apparent activation energy for this step on Rh/C (55 kJ/mol) was higher than that previously reported for Pd/C (48 kJ/mol).