bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical impairments and activity limitations experienced by people with tuberculosis: a scoping review protocol
Authors: van Aswegen Helena , Roos Ronel
Published: January 2017

Review objective/question:

The objective of this review is to examine and map the range of physical impairments and activity limitations experienced by people infected with tuberculosis (TB). The levels of evidence that are currently available on this topic will also be reported. More specifically, the review questions are: What types of physical impairments and activity limitations have been reported for people infected with TB? What types of rehabilitation strategies are used for people with TB infection to address physical impairments and activity limitations?

Findings from this scoping review may inform a systematic review to explore the effectiveness of rehabilitation strategies used to address physical impairments and activity limitations in people with TB infection.
The effect of moisturizers or creams on scars: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Klotz Tanja , Munn Zachary , Aromataris Edoardo , Greenwood John
Published: January 2017

Review question/objective:

The objectives of the review are to identify the effect of any moisturizers or creams (medicated or unmedicated) on immature scars (linear, keloid or hypertrophic) on any persons of any age. Effects will be assessed by changes in scar activity, changes in the final appearance/cosmesis of the scar, improvements in patient reported features of scars (e.g. itch, tightness, range of movement) and/or by altering measurable features of the scar such as vascularity, color, height, length, pliability and/or transepidermal water loss.

Specifically the review question is: are moisturizers or creams effective in modifying immature scars?
Implementing evidence-based continuous quality improvement strategies in an urban Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service in South East Queensland: a best practice implementation pilot
Authors: Hogg Sandra , Roe Yvette , Mills Richard
Published: January 2017

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Background:

The Institute for Urban Indigenous Health believes that continuous quality improvement (CQI) contributes to the delivery of high-quality care, thereby improving health outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. The opening of a new health service in 2015 provided an opportunity to implement best practice CQI strategies and apply them to a regional influenza vaccination campaign.

Objective:

The aim of this project was to implement an evidence-based CQI process within one Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service in South East Queensland and use staff engagement as a measure of success.

Method:

A CQI tool was selected from the Joanna Briggs Institute Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System (PACES) to be implemented in the study site. The study site was a newly established Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Community Controlled Health Service located in the northern suburbs of Brisbane. This project used the evidence-based information collected in PACES to develop a set of questions related to known variables resulting in proven CQI uptake. A pre implementation clinical audit, education and self-directed learning, using the Plan Do Study Act framework, included a total of seven staff and was conducted in April 2015. A post implementation audit was conducted in July 2015.

Results:

There were a total of 11 pre- and post-survey respondents which included representation from most of the clinical team and medical administration. The results of the pre implementation audit identified a number of possible areas to improve engagement with the CQI process including staff training and support, understanding CQI and its impacts on individual work areas, understanding clinical data extraction, clinical indicator benchmarking, strong internal leadership and having an external data extractor. There were improvements to all audit criteria in the post–survey, for example, knowledge regarding the importance of CQI activity, attendance at education and training sessions on CQI, active involvement with CQI activity and a multidisciplinary team approach to problem solving within the CQI process.

Conclusion:

The study found that the implementation of regular, formally organized CQI strategies does have an immediate impact on clinical practice, in this case, by increasing staff awareness regarding the uptake of influenza vaccination against regional targets. The Plan Do Study Act cycle is an efficient tool to record and monitor the change and to guide discussions. For the CQI process to be effective, continued education and training on data interpretation is pivotal to improve staff confidence to engage in regular data discussions, and this should be incorporated into all future CQI sessions.
Uso de la hoja de cálculo para analizar datos cualitativos
Authors: Kalman Judith , Rendón Victor
Published: January 2017

Este artículo busca difundir un proceso de construcción colectiva de una herramienta de análisis cualitativo a partir del uso de un software común en las computadoras comerciales: la hoja de cálculo. Se presenta la organización y empleo de esta herramienta digital en el contexto de un proyecto de investigación sobre formación docente y uso de tecnologías digitales. Una de las principales conclusiones es que ninguna herramienta por sí misma realiza el análisis, sino que los investigadores lo crean según sus propósitos de investigación específicos y las posibilidades que construyan con las herramientas que tienen a su alcance.
Study of the Change of Performance of an Elastic Vertical Hydrofoil With Deformation
Authors: Führing Alexander , Kumpaty Subha , Stack Chris
Published: January 2017

In external and internal fluid flow analysis using numerical methods, most attention is paid to the properties of the flow assuming absolute rigidity of the solid bodies involved. However, this is often not the case for water flow or other fluids with high density. The pressure forces cause the geometry to deform which in turn changes the flow properties around it. Thus, a one-way and two-way Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) coupling is proposed and compared to a CFD analysis of a windsurfing fin in order to quantify the differences in performance data as well as the properties of the flow. This leads to information about the necessity of the use of FSI in comparison to regular CFD analysis and gives indication of the value of the enhanced results of the deformable analysis applied to water flow around an elastically deformable hydrofoil under different angles of attack. The performance data and flow property evaluation is done in ANSYS Fluent using the k-ω SST and k-ε model with a y+ of 1 and 35 respectively in order to be able to compare the behavior of both turbulence models. It is found that the overall lift coefficient in general is lower and that the flow is less turbulent because of softer transition due to the deformed geometry reducing drag forces. It is also found that the deformation of the tip of the hydrofoil leads to vertical lift forces. For the FSI analysis, one-way and two-way coupling were incorporated leading to the ability to compare results. It has been found that one-way coupling is sufficient as long as there is no stall present at any time.
Transformation of an Aviation Turboshaft Engine Into a Experimental Jet Engine for Laboratory Testing Unstable Radial Compressor Work
Authors: Hocko Marián , Polansky Jiri
Published: January 2017

The article deals with the use of a small aviation turboshaft engine for laboratory purposes. This study describes its transformation into an experimental device for research and education. Various constructional, technological and controlling modifications and settings of the gas turbine test stand were carried out and tested on a stationary configuration. The stationary system can be used as a small backup power generator or as a drive unit for a compressor, pump, etc. New control systems, electronic elements and methods of measuring rotations, pressure and temperature are tested for educational and research purposes. The study includes a schematic description of modelling measurements and subsequent numerical evaluation of the thermodynamic characteristics of the cycle in an experimental gas turbine. The laboratory device presented here is, thanks to technological, material and thermodynamic research, suitable for educating and testing the knowledge of future aviation and mechanical engineers.

The content of the article is a description of the use of transformed small turboshaft engine into small jet engine by means of experimental testing of unstable work of the radial compressor under laboratory conditions.
A Web-Based Online Collaboration Tool for Formulating Senior Design Projects
Authors: Varikuti Sainath , Panchal Jitesh H. , Starkey John M.
Published: January 2017

A well formed senior design project is known to have significant benefits in terms of project outcome, student motivation, team cohesiveness, engagement, and student learning. Defining a good problem statement, forming a team of compatible and appropriately skilled students, and selecting an appropriate faculty mentor are critical aspects of project formation. Therefore, students in Mechanical Engineering at Purdue University are encouraged to suggest project ideas, form teams, and have them approved by the course coordinator before the semester starts. While there is significant literature on senior design projects, most of the existing work is focused on activities after the problem is defined and the teams are formed. There is a lack of mechanisms and tools to guide the project formation phase in senior design projects, which makes it challenging for students and faculty to collaboratively develop and refine project ideas and to establish appropriate teams. To address this challenge, we have implemented an online collaboration tool to share, discuss and obtain feedback on project ideas, and to facilitate collaboration among students and faculty prior to the start of the semester. Through an online survey and questionnaire to students, we are exploring the impact of the collaboration tool on the senior design project formation process. In this paper we present the design of the tool and the results from our ongoing study in the senior design class at Purdue Mechanical Engineering.
Understanding the Causes for Low Student Office Hour Attendance
Authors: Robinson Risa J. , Culver Dean , Schertzer Michael J. , Landschoot Timothy P. , Hensel Edward C.
Published: January 2017

It is long understood that many students do not take advantage of faculty assistance outside of class. In an attempt to improve the use of office hours, faculty have made efforts to schedule times that are most convenient to students and are most likely to have high attendance; before homework assignments are due or examinations are being held. Despite these efforts, students rarely take advantage of this support service. As a first attempt to improve student engagement, the number of office hours held by teaching assistants (TAs) was increased, expecting that students would feel more comfortable asking for help from TAs rather than faculty. However, office hour attendance was no better for TAs than for faculty. Yet, exam performance continued to indicate that many students could benefit from help outside the classroom. In an effort to better understand this trend, a survey was conducted to examine reasons why students choose not to attend office hours. In particular, we were looking for the effect of social norms, student’s perception of their understanding of the material and their need for extra help, as well as the use of other resources such as on-line solutions to homework problems and cooperative learning with other students. This survey was conducted in six classes (300 students) comprising our engineering science core curriculum, including: Statics, Mechanics of Materials, Dynamics, Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer. Results indicated that of all the factors tested, the only ones that positively correlated to low office hour attendance were (1) students felt they understood the material well enough and did not need extra help, (2) students procrastinated and therefore did not have time to seek help before homework was due, and (3) students who spent less overall time studying outside of class attended fewer office hours. The data did not support our initial premise that students who attended more office hours performed better. Further study is warranted to explore behaviors that enhance student performance. It is expected that results from these studies will provide information to improve students’ efficient use of time outside the classroom.
Software for the Kinematic Analysis of a Serial Manipulator for Academic Purposes
Authors: Correa Julio C. , Ramírez-Macías Juan A. , Rozo David
Published: January 2017

This paper addresses the development of software created at the Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, located in Medellin, Colombia, for the direct and reverse analyses of a serial robot manipulator. Results provided for the software are used for the simulation of the manipulator and also provides data for the control of a serial manipulator prototype. Both, the prototype and its control system were also developed at the University as part of a project to establish a robotics lab. Since joint angles control is affected by the complex relationships presented in the gear transmission mechanisms, the kinematics of gear transmissions is also studied. In this way appropriate mappings between actuators, links and the Cartesian space are established. Software requirements, architecture, and its implementation are addressed. The software includes user-friendly graphical environments that allow one to navigate through all the capabilities of the program. The software has been tested intensively in the prototype and can be extended to serial manipulators with the same structure but different dimensions. Authors expect that virtual tools as the presented in this paper, can help to reduce the time to understand concepts related to motion analysis in the fields of robotics.
Effect of oxide traps on channel transport characteristics in graphene field effect transistors
Authors: Bonmann Marlene , Vorobiev Andrei , Stake Jan , Engström Olof
Published: January 2017

A semiempirical model describing the influence of interface states on characteristics of gate capacitance and drain resistance versus gate voltage of top gated graphene field effect transistors is presented. By fitting our model to measurements of capacitance–voltage characteristics and relating the applied gate voltage to the Fermi level position, the interface state density is found. Knowing the interface state density allows us to fit our model to measured drain resistance–gate voltage characteristics. The extracted values of mobility and residual charge carrier concentration are compared with corresponding results from a commonly accepted model which neglects the effect of interface states. The authors show that mobility and residual charge carrier concentration differ significantly, if interface states are neglected. Furthermore, our approach allows us to investigate in detail how uncertainties in material parameters like the Fermi velocity and contact resistance influence the extracted values of interface state density, mobility, and residual charge carrier concentration.
Demisting using an ultrasonic standing wave field
Authors: Merrell T. M. , Saylor J. R.
Published: January 2017

Removing drops from an air flow can be challenging, particularly, for small drops. Herein a method for demisting is presented that employs ultrasonics to force small drops to combine. Specifically, a cylindrical ultrasonic standing wave field is established in a tube, forming pressure nodes that take the form of cylinders located within the tube and having the same axis as the tube. Droplets are driven toward these pressure nodes by the acoustic radiation force, forcing smaller drops to combine to form larger drops, which eventually fall due to gravity, thereby demisting the flow. Experiments presented herein show that, for the setup employed, this method can remove a fraction of drops that approaches 0.8 and that the improvement due to ultrasonics, compared to the case without ultrasonics, is as large as 2.8. The effect of air flow rate and power is investigated.
Split-Belt Treadmill Walking Alters Lower Extremity Frontal Plane Mechanics
Authors: Roper Jaimie A. , Roemmich Ryan T. , Tillman Mark D. , Terza Matthew J. , Hass Chris J.
Published: January 2017

Interventions that manipulate gait speed may also affect the control of frontal plane mechanics. Expanding the current knowledge of frontal plane adaptations during split-belt treadmill walking could advance our understanding of the influence of asymmetries in gait speed on frontal plane mechanics and provide insight into the breadth of adaptations required by split-belt walking (SBW). Thirteen young, healthy participants, free from lower extremity injury walked on a split-belt treadmill with belts moving simultaneously at different speeds. We examined frontal plane mechanics of the ankle, knee, and hip joints during SBW, as well as medio-lateral ground reaction forces (ML-GRF). We did not observe alterations in the frontal mechanics produced during early or late adaptation of SBW when compared to conditions where the belts moved together. We did observe that ML-GRF and hip moment impulse of the fast limb increased over time with adaptation to SBW. These results suggest this modality may provide a unique therapy for individuals with gait pathologies, impairments, or compensation(s).
Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Test of Gross Motor Development—Third Edition
Authors: Webster E. Kipling , Ulrich Dale A.
Published: January 2017

With recent revisions, the evaluation of the reliability and validity of the Test of Gross Motor Development—3rd edition (TGMD-3) is necessary. The TGMD-3 was administered to 807 children (M age = 6.33 ± 2.09 years; 52.5% male). Reliability assessments found that correlations with age were moderate to large; ball skills had a higher correlation (r = .47) compared with locomotor skills (r = .39). Internal consistency was very high in each age group and remained excellent for all racial/ethnic groups and both sexes. Test-retest reliability had high ICC agreements for the locomotor (ICC = 0.97), ball skills (ICC = 0.95), and total TGMD-3 (ICC = 0.97). For validity measures, the TGMD-3 had above acceptable item difficulty (range = 0.43–0.91) and item discrimination values (range = 0.34–0.67). EFA supported a one-factor structure of gross motor skill competence for the TGMD-3 with 73.82% variance explained. CFA supported the one-factor model (χ2(65) = 327.61, p < .001, CFI = .95, TLI = .94, RMSEA = .10), showing acceptable construct validity for the TGMD-3. Preliminary results show the TGMD-3 exhibits high levels of validity and reliability, providing confidence for the usage and collection of new norms.
Draft Genome Sequences of 15 Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Recovered from Raw Milk and Associated Milk Filters from Victoria, Australia
Authors: McMillan Kate , Allnutt Theodore R. , Fox Edward M.
Published: January 2017

This study describes draft whole genomes of 15
Staphylococcus aureus
isolates from dairy farms located in Victoria, Australia. Two novel sequence types (ST3183 and ST3184) were identified among these isolates.
Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain Hex1T Isolated from Soils Contaminated with Used Lubricating Oil in Argentina
Authors: Luján Adela M. , Feliziani Sofía , Smania Andrea M.
Published: January 2017

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Hex1T was isolated from soils contaminated with used lubricating oil from a garage in Córdoba, Argentina. This strain is capable of utilizing this pollutant as the sole carbon and energy source. Here, we present the 6.9-Mb draft genome sequence of Hex1T, which contains many heavy metal-resistance genes.
Direct-to-consumer advertising of success rates for medically assisted reproduction: a review of national clinic websites
Authors: Wilkinson Jack , Vail Andy , Roberts Stephen A
Published: January 2017

Objectives

To establish how medically assisted reproduction (MAR) clinics report success rates on their websites.

Setting

Websites of private and NHS clinics offering in vitro fertilisation (IVF) in the UK.

Participants

We identified clinics offering IVF using the Choose a Fertility Clinic facility on the website of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA). Of 81 clinics identified, a website could not be found for 2, leaving 79 for inclusion in the analysis.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Outcome measures reported by clinic websites. The numerator and denominator included in the outcome measure were of interest.

Results

53 (67%) websites reported their performance using 51 different outcome measures. It was most common to report pregnancy (83% of these clinics) or live birth rates (51%). 31 different ways of reporting pregnancy and 9 different ways of reporting live birth were identified. 11 (21%) reported multiple birth or pregnancy rates. 1 clinic provided information on adverse events. It was usual for clinics to present results without relevant contextual information such as sample size, reporting period, the characteristics of patients and particular details of treatments.

Conclusions

Many combinations of numerator and denominator are available for the purpose of reporting success rates for MAR. The range of reporting options available to clinics is further increased by the possibility of presenting results for subgroups of patients and for different time periods. Given the status of these websites as advertisements to patients, the risk of selective reporting is considerable. Binding guidance is required to ensure consistent, informative reporting.
Efficacy of combined conservative therapies on clinical outcomes in patients with thumb base osteoarthritis: protocol for a randomised, controlled trial (COMBO)
Authors: Deveza Leticia A , Hunter David J , Wajon Anne , Bennell Kim L , Vicenzino Bill , Hodges Paul , Eyles Jillian P , Jongs Ray , Riordan Edward A , Duong Vicky , Min Oo Win , O'Connell Rachel , Meneses Sarah R F
Published: January 2017

Introduction

Management of thumb base osteoarthritis (OA) using a combination of therapies is common in clinical practice; however, evidence for the efficacy of this approach is lacking. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of a combination of conservative therapies for the treatment of thumb base OA compared with an education control group.

Methods and analysis

This is a randomised, controlled, single-centre, two-arm superiority trial with 1:1 allocation ratio; with assessor and statistician blinded. Participants are blinded to the trial's hypothesis and to the interventions received by the opposite group. A total of 204 participants will be recruited from the community and randomised using a computer-generated schedule. The intervention group will receive education for joint protection and OA, a splint for the base of the thumb, hand exercises and topical diclofenac sodium 1% gel over 6 weeks. The control group will receive education for joint protection and OA alone. Main inclusion criteria are pain ≥40 mm (Visual Analogue Scale, 0–100) at the base of the thumb, impairment in hand function ≥6 (Functional Index for Hand Osteoarthritis, 0–30) and radiographic thumb base OA (Kellgren Lawrence grade ≥2). Participants currently receiving any of the intervention components will be excluded. Outcomes will be measured at 2, 6 and 12 weeks. The primary outcome is change in pain and hand function from baseline to 6 weeks. Other outcomes include changes in grip and pinch strength, quality of life, presence of joint swelling and tenderness, duration of joint stiffness, patient's global assessment and use of rescue medication. Analysis will be performed according to the intention-to-treat principle. Adverse events will be monitored throughout the study.

Ethics and dissemination

This protocol is approved by the local ethics committee (HREC/15/HAWKE/479). Dissemination will occur through presentations at international conferences and publication in peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

ACTRN12616000353493; Pre-results.
Effects of boron on the mechanical properties of the TiAl–Ti3Al alloy: A first-principles investigation
Authors: Li Zhong-Zhu , Wei Ye , Zhou Hong-Bo , Lu Guang-Hong
Published: January 2017

Employing a first-principles method in combination with the empirical criterions, we have investigated the site preference of boron (B) and its effect on the mechanical properties of the binary-phase TiAl–Ti3Al alloy. It is found that B energetically prefers to occupy the Ti-rich octahedral interstitial site, because B is more favorable to bond with Ti in comparison with Al. The occupancy tendency of B in the TiAl–Ti3Al alloy is the TiAl/Ti3Al interface [Formula: see text] Ti3Al [Formula: see text] TiAl, thus B tends to segregate into the binary-phase interface in the TiAl–Ti3Al alloy. The charge density difference shows that B at the TiAl–Ti3Al interface will form strong B–Ti bonds and weak B–Al bonds, leading to the significant increasing of the cleavage energy [Formula: see text] and the unstable stacking fault energy [Formula: see text]. This indicates that the presence of B will strengthen the TiAl/Ti3Al interface, but block its mobility. Further, the ratio of [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] of the B-doped system is 4.63%, 8.19% lower than that of the clean system. Based on the empirical criterions, B will have a negative effect on the ductility of the TiAl–Ti3Al alloy.
Improvement of microwave magnetic properties by inserting nonmagnetic layer
Authors: Li Xiaoting , An Chao , Wang Zhen , Xu Chunlong , Shi Gang , Wang Jinguo , Hou Zhaoyang , Xi Li
Published: January 2017

Co/NM (nonmagnetic Ag and SiO2)/Co sandwich structure films with different thicknesses of NM were fabricated on Si(111) substrate via oblique radio frequency sputtering. With increasing thickness of nonmagnetic Ag [Formula: see text], in-plane magnetic anisotropy field [Formula: see text] initially increased from 100 Oe of [Formula: see text] nm to 220 Oe of [Formula: see text] nm, and then decreased when [Formula: see text] nm. Resonance frequency showed the same tendency with maximum 5.2 GHz when [Formula: see text] nm. Damp factor increased from 0.02 for [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] nm. The same result was observed in inserting oxide nonmagnetic SiO2 layer. This can be attributed to the competition between interface energy and exchange coupling energy.
Quantum paradoxes, entanglement and their explanation on the basis of quantization of fields
Authors: Melkikh A. V.
Published: January 2017

Quantum entanglement is discussed as a consequence of the quantization of fields. The inclusion of quantum fields self-consistently explains some quantum paradoxes (EPR and Hardy’s paradox). The definition of entanglement was introduced, which depends on the maximum energy of the interaction of particles. The destruction of entanglement is caused by the creation and annihilation of particles. On this basis, an algorithm for quantum particle evolution was formulated.
A formulation of a matrix sparsity approach for the quantum ordered search algorithm
Authors: Parmar Jupinder , Rahman Saarim , Thiara Jaskaran
Published: January 2017

One specific subset of quantum algorithms is Grovers Ordered Search Problem (OSP), the quantum counterpart of the classical binary search algorithm, which utilizes oracle functions to produce a specified value within an ordered database. Classically, the optimal algorithm is known to have a [Formula: see text] complexity; however, Grovers algorithm has been found to have an optimal complexity between the lower bound of [Formula: see text] and the upper bound of [Formula: see text]. We sought to lower the known upper bound of the OSP. With Farhi et al. MITCTP 2815 (1999), arXiv:quant-ph/9901059], we see that the OSP can be resolved into a translational invariant algorithm to create quantum query algorithm restraints. With these restraints, one can find Laurent polynomials for various [Formula: see text] — queries — and [Formula: see text] — database sizes — thus finding larger recursive sets to solve the OSP and effectively reducing the upper bound. These polynomials are found to be convex functions, allowing one to make use of convex optimization to find an improvement on the known bounds. According to Childs et al. [Phys. Rev. A 75 (2007) 032335], semidefinite programming, a subset of convex optimization, can solve the particular problem represented by the constraints. We were able to implement a program abiding to their formulation of a semidefinite program (SDP), leading us to find that it takes an immense amount of storage and time to compute. To combat this setback, we then formulated an approach to improve results of the SDP using matrix sparsity. Through the development of this approach, along with an implementation of a rudimentary solver, we demonstrate how matrix sparsity reduces the amount of time and storage required to compute the SDP — overall ensuring further improvements will likely be made to reach the theorized lower bound.
Kinetics of circulating progenitor cell mobilization during submaximal exercise
Authors: Niemiro Grace M. , Parel Justin , Beals Joseph , van Vliet Stephan , Paluska Scott A. , Moore Daniel R. , Burd Nicholas A. , De Lisio Michael
Published: January 2017

Circulating progenitor cells (CPCs) are a heterogeneous population of stem/progenitor cells in peripheral blood that includes hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs and HSCs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that are involved in tissue repair and adaptation. CPC mobilization during exercise remains uncharacterized in young adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinetics of CPC mobilization during and after submaximal treadmill running and their relationship to mobilization factors. Seven men [age = 25.3 ± 2.4 yr, body mass index = 23.5 ± 1.0 kg/m2, peak O2uptake (V̇o2peak) = 60.9 ± 2.74 ml·kg−1·min−1] ran on a treadmill for 60 min at 70% V̇o2peak. Blood sampling occurred before (Pre), during [20 min (20e), 40 min (40e), 60 min (60e)], and after exercise [15 min (15p), 60 min (60p), 120 min (120p)] for quantification of CPCs (CD34+), HSPCs (CD34+/CD45low), HSCs (CD34+/CD45low/CD38−), CD34+MSCs (CD45−/CD34+/CD31−/CD105+), CD34−MSCs (CD45−/CD34−/CD31−/CD105+), and EPCs (CD45−/CD34+/CD31+) via flow cytometry. CPC concentration increased compared with Pre at 20e and 40e (2.7- and 2.4-fold, respectively, P < 0.05). HSPCs and HSCs increased at 20e compared with 60p (2.7- and 2.8-fold, respectively, P < 0.05), whereas EPCs and both MSC populations did not change. CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL) 12 (1.5-fold; P < 0.05) and stem cell factor (1.3-fold; P < 0.05) were increased at 40e and remained elevated postexercise. The peak increase in CPCs was positively correlated to concentration of endothelial cells during exercise with no relationship to CXCL12 and SCF. Our data show the kinetics of progenitor cell mobilization during exercise that could provide insight into cellular mediators of exercise-induced adaptations, and have implication for the use of exercise as an adjuvant therapy for CPC collection in hematopoietic stem cell transplant.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using a comprehensive evaluation of circulating progenitor cells (CPCs), we show that CPC mobilization during exercise is related to tissue damage, and not plasma concentrations of CXC chemokine ligand 12 and stem cell factor. These data have implications for the use of exercise interventions as adjuvant therapy for CPC mobilization in the context of hematopoietic stem cell transplant and also support the role of mobilized progenitor cells as cellular mediators of systemic adaptations to exercise.
Enriching the Housing Environment for Mice Enhances Their NK Cell Antitumor Immunity via Sympathetic Nerve–Dependent Regulation of NKG2D and CCR5
Authors: Song Yanfang , Gan Yu , Wang Qing , Meng Zihong , Li Guohua , Shen Yuling , Wu Yufeng , Li Peiying , Yao Ming , Gu Jianren , Tu Hong
Published: January 2017

Mice housed in an enriched environment display a tumor-resistant phenotype due to eustress stimulation. However, the mechanisms underlying enriched environment–induced protection against cancers remain largely unexplained. In this study, we observed a significant antitumor effect induced by enriched environment in murine pancreatic cancer and lung cancer models. This effect remained intact in T/B lymphocyte-deficient Rag1−/− mice, but was nearly eliminated in natural killer (NK) cell–deficient Beige mice or in antibody-mediated NK-cell–depleted mice, suggesting a predominant role of NK cells in enriched environment–induced tumor inhibition. Exposure to enriched environment enhanced NK-cell activity against tumors and promoted tumoral infiltration of NK cells. Enriched environment increased the expression levels of CCR5 and NKG2D (KLRK1) in NK cells; blocking their function effectively blunted the enriched environment–induced enhancement of tumoral infiltration and cytotoxic activity of NK cells. Moreover, blockade of β-adrenergic signaling or chemical sympathectomy abolished the effects of enriched environment on NK cells and attenuated the antitumor effect of enriched environment. Taken together, our results provide new insight into the mechanism by which eustress exerts a beneficial effect against cancer. Cancer Res; 77(7); 1611–22. ©2017 AACR.
Shunt Surgery in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Aided by Electromagnetic Navigation
Authors: Hermann Elvis J. , Polemikos Manolis , Heissler Hans E. , Krauss Joachim K.
Published: January 2017

Background: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is characterized by increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure and normal or slit ventricles. Lumboperitoneal shunting had been favored by many investigators for CSF diversion in IIH for decades; however, it has been associated with various side effects. Because of the small ventricular size adequate positioning of a ventricular catheter is challenging. Objectives: Here, we investigated the usefulness of electromagnetic (EM)-guided ventricular catheter placement for ventriculoperitoneal shunting in IIH. Methods: Eighteen patients with IIH were included in this study. The age of patients ranged from 5 to 58 years at the time of surgery (mean age: 31.8 years; median: 29 years). There were 2 children (5 and 11 years old) and 16 adults. Inclusion criteria for the study were an established clinical diagnosis of IIH, lack of improvement with medication, and the presence of small ventricles. In all patients EM-navigated placement of the ventricular catheter was performed using real-time tracking of the catheter tip for exact positioning close to the foramen of Monro. Postoperative CT scans were correlated with intraoperative screen shots to validate the position of the catheter. Results: In all patients EM-navigated ventricular catheter placement was achieved with a single pass. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. Postoperative imaging confirmed satisfactory positioning of the ventricular catheter. No proximal shunt failure was observed during the follow-up at a mean of 41.5 months (range: 7-90 months, median: 40.5 months). Conclusions: EM-navigated ventricular catheter placement in shunting for IIH is a safe and straightforward technique. It obviates the need for sharp head fixation, the head of the patient can be moved during surgery, and it may reduce the revision rate during follow-up.
How Does the Epidemiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Differ between East and West? A Korean Perspective
Authors: Yang Suk-Kyun
Published: January 2017

Background: Though low compared with those in Western countries, the incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are rapidly increasing in Asia. If we could understand the differences in IBD epidemiology between Asian and Western countries, we might gain insights into the etiopathogenesis of IBD as well as guidance for personalized therapy. Summary: In Asia, unlike in the West, Crohn's disease (CD) predominantly occurs in men and involves a high prevalence of perianal fistulas. Moreover, in Korean CD patients, ileocolonic involvement is predominant, whereas isolated colonic involvement is very uncommon. In both ulcerative colitis (UC) and CD, extraintestinal manifestations, such as primary sclerosing cholangitis, as well as a positive family history of IBD are less frequent in Asian patients. However, as the prevalence of IBD rises in Korea, so does the frequency of a positive family history. While the colectomy rate among Korean UC patients is lower, the intestinal resection rate in CD patients is similar in Korea and in the West. Infectious problems that can adversely influence IBD management are usually more common in Asia. Key Messages: IBD in Asians differs from that in Westerners in many aspects, including demographic and clinical characteristics, prognosis, and associated problems.
Posterior versus Anterior Circulation Stroke in Young Adults: A Comparative Study of Stroke Aetiologies and Risk Factors in Stroke among Young Fabry Patients (sifap1)
Authors: von Sarnowski Bettina , Schminke Ulf , Grittner Ulrike , Tanislav Christian , Böttcher Tobias , Hennerici Michael G. , Tatlisumak Turgut , Putaala Jukka , Kaps Manfred , Fazekas Franz , Enzinger Christian , Rolfs Arndt , Kessler Christof ,   on behalf of the sifap1 Investigators
Published: January 2017

Background: Although 20-30% of all strokes occur in the posterior circulation, few studies have explored the characteristics of patients with strokes in the posterior compared to the anterior circulation so far. Especially data on young patients is missing. Methods: In this secondary analysis of data of the prospective multi-centre European sifap1 study that investigated stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients aged 18-55 years, we compared vascular risk factors, stroke aetiology, presence of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and cerebral microbleeds (CMB) between patients with ischaemic posterior circulation stroke (PCS) and those having suffered from anterior circulation stroke (ACS) based on cerebral MRI. Results: We diagnosed PCS in 612 patients (29.1%, 407 men, 205 women) and ACS in 1,489 patients (70.9%). Their age (median 46 vs. 47 years, p = 0.205) and stroke severity (modified Rankin Scale: both 2, p = 0.375, Barthel Index 90 vs. 85, p = 0.412) were similar. PCS was found to be more frequent among the male gender (66.5 vs. 60.1% with ACS, p = 0.003). Vertebral artery (VA) dissection was more often the cause of PCS (16.8%) than was carotid artery dissection of ACS (7.9%, p < 0.001). Likewise, small vessel disease (Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment [TOAST] = 3, PCS: 14.7%, ACS: 11.8%) and stroke of other determined aetiology (TOAST = 4, PCS: 24.5%, ACS: 16.0%) were more frequent in those with PCS. Furthermore, patent foramen ovale (PFO; PCS: 31.1%, ACS: 25.4%, p = 0.029) was more often detected in patients with PCS. In contrast, large-artery atherosclerosis (TOAST = 1, PCS: 15.4%, ACS: 22.2%) and cardio-embolic stroke (TOAST = 2, PCS: 15.6%, ACS: 18.0%) were less frequent in those with PCS (p < 0.001) as were preceding cerebrovascular events (10.1 vs. 14.1%, p = 0.014), TIA (4.8 vs. 7.7%, p = 0.016) and smoking (53.2 vs. 61.0%, p = 0.001). The presence, extent, and location of WMH and CMB did not differ between the 2 groups. Conclusions: Our data suggested a different pattern of aetiology and risk factors in young patients with PCS compared to those with ACS. These findings especially call for a higher awareness of VA dissection and potentially for more weight of a PFO as a risk factor in young patients with PCS. Clinical trial registration-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov; NCT00414583.
High-Intensity Interval Training in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Ellingsen Øyvind , Halle Martin , Conraads Viviane , Støylen Asbjørn , Dalen Håvard , Delagardelle Charles , Larsen Alf-Inge , Hole Torstein , Mezzani Alessandro , Van Craenenbroeck Emeline M. , Videm Vibeke , Beckers Paul , Christle Jeffrey W. , Winzer Ephraim , Mangner Norman , Woitek Felix , Höllriegel Robert , Pressler Axel , Monk-Hansen Tea , Snoer Martin , Feiereisen Patrick , Valborgland Torstein , Kjekshus John , Hambrecht Rainer , Gielen Stephan , Karlsen Trine , Prescott Eva , Linke Axel
Published: January 2017

Background:

Small studies have suggested that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is superior to moderate continuous training (MCT) in reversing cardiac remodeling and increasing aerobic capacity in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. The present multicenter trial compared 12 weeks of supervised interventions of HIIT, MCT, or a recommendation of regular exercise (RRE).

Methods:

Two hundred sixty-one patients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35% and New York Heart Association class II to III were randomly assigned to HIIT at 90% to 95% of maximal heart rate, MCT at 60% to 70% of maximal heart rate, or RRE. Thereafter, patients were encouraged to continue exercising on their own. Clinical assessments were performed at baseline, after the intervention, and at follow-up after 52 weeks. Primary end point was a between-group comparison of change in left ventricular end-diastolic diameter from baseline to 12 weeks.

Results:

Groups did not differ in age (median, 60 years), sex (19% women), ischemic pathogenesis (59%), or medication. Change in left ventricular end-diastolic diameter from baseline to 12 weeks was not different between HIIT and MCT (
P
=0.45); left ventricular end-diastolic diameter changes compared with RRE were −2.8 mm (−5.2 to −0.4 mm;
P
=0.02) in HIIT and −1.2 mm (−3.6 to 1.2 mm;
P
=0.34) in MCT. There was also no difference between HIIT and MCT in peak oxygen uptake (
P
=0.70), but both were superior to RRE. However, none of these changes was maintained at follow-up after 52 weeks. Serious adverse events were not statistically different during supervised intervention or at follow-up at 52 weeks (HIIT, 39%; MCT, 25%; RRE, 34%;
P
=0.16). Training records showed that 51% of patients exercised below prescribed target during supervised HIIT and 80% above target in MCT.

Conclusions:

HIIT was not superior to MCT in changing left ventricular remodeling or aerobic capacity, and its feasibility remains unresolved in patients with heart failure.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00917046.
Telemedicine Can Replace the Neurologist on a Mobile Stroke Unit
Authors: Wu Tzu-Ching , Parker Stephanie A. , Jagolino Amanda , Yamal Jose-Miguel , Bowry Ritvij , Thomas Abraham , Yu Amy , Grotta James C.
Published: January 2017

Background and Purpose—

The BEST-MSU study (Benefits of Stroke Treatment Delivered Using a Mobile Stroke Unit) is a comparative effectiveness trial in patients randomized to mobile stroke unit or standard management. A substudy tested interrater agreement for tissue-type plasminogen activator eligibility between a telemedicine vascular neurologist and onboard vascular neurologist.

Methods—

On scene, both the telemedicine vascular neurologist and onboard vascular neurologist independently evaluated the patient, documenting their tissue-type plasminogen activator treatment decision, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, and computed tomographic interpretation. Agreement was determined using Cohen κ statistic. Telemedicine-related technical failures that impeded remote assessment were recorded.

Results—

Simultaneous and independent telemedicine vascular neurologist and onboard vascular neurologist assessment was attempted in 174 patients. In 4 patients (2%), the telemedicine vascular neurologist could not make a decision because of technical problems. The telemedicine vascular neurologist agreed with the onboard vascular neurologist on 88% of evaluations (κ=0.73).

Conclusions—

Remote telemedicine vascular neurologist assessment is reliable and accurate, supporting either telemedicine vascular neurologist or onboard vascular neurologist assessment on our mobile stroke unit.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02190500.
Believe in the Border, or, How to Make Modernity in the Nineteenth-Century Maghrib
Authors: Cutler Brock
Published: January 2017

The Algerian-Tunisian frontier zone was much contested in the late nineteenth century, defying the logic of modernity that sought to establish territoriality. This modernity appeared only through an imbrication of raids, warfare, environmental shifts, and competing territorial claims. The violence of the territorial process, the changing geography of sovereignty, and uncertain frontier delimitation: these and other elements challenge the image of modernity arising in a fixed territory according to a linear chronology. This article argues that modernity in the Maghrib, seen through the lens of territory, is a temporally and spatially variable process: “modern” sovereign power existed only at certain levels of abstraction and within certain environmental relations. To consider modernity in the Maghrib, we will have to see how claims of sovereignty and the process of territorialization were understood by actors operating on local, regional, and imperial scales.
Fair Trial and the Interpretation Approach Adopted by the Strasbourg Court
Authors: Lonati Simone
Published: January 2017

The interpretation of the European Convention of Human Rights is not a process unknown to the national interpreter. This explains the importance of understanding the different methods employed by the Strasbourg Court in the interpretation of the Convention provisions. The main criticism that has been addressed to the Court’s interpretation activity is the belief that Strasbourg has over the years failed to outline a univocal interpretation framework, choosing to resort to different canons of interpretation from time to time based on the specific circumstances of the case under examination and the interests at stake. This paper aims to demonstrate how such criticism is ill-founded and how in fact a predominant role can be assigned to the teleological approach, serving as a guideline in the logical argumentative process and ensuring a concrete and effective protection of the rights of defence, in compliance with the “context”, “object” and “purpose” of the Convention.
The Founding Contexts of Kibbutz Museums and the Case of the Mishkan Museum of Art, Ein Harod
Authors: Bar Or Galia
Published: January 2017

This article surveys the circumstances in which kibbutzim built museums between the 1930s and the 1960s. It focuses on the two largest kibbutz movements and their divergent attitudes to the founding of museums, to art, and to the role of artists in society. In particular, this paper examines the case history of the first art museum to be built in a kibbutz—at Ein Harod, the birthplace of the largest kibbutz movement, the Kibbutz Meuhad. This movement envisioned and promoted a “city/village” form of habitat where agriculture and industry, manual and intellectual labor could co-exist. The article’s analysis of the social construction of space shows how the dynamic network of diachronic and synchronic contexts structures the potential meaning of a particular museum, its status and eventually, its fate.