bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fra sosialpedagogisk tradisjon til (før-)skoleorientert praksis. Et kritisk lys på nyere norsk barnehagepolitikk og praksis
Authors: Dehnæs Hogsnes Hilde
Published: May 2020

Gjennom kritisk lesning av offentlige dokumenter, avisartikler, internasjonale evalueringer og ny teori gir artikkelen en illustrasjon av motstridene diskurser knyttet til kravet om sammenheng mellom barnehage og skole. Formålet med artikkelen er å gi en framstilling av hvordan krav om sammenheng mellom barnehage og skole bidrar til kolonisering av barnehagen.
Local Wisdom as a Planning Strategy and Sustainable Settlement Development in ToKaili Traditional Settlement, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Sirajuddin Zaenal
Published: May 2020

Indonesia is home to many tribes spread across many islands. It is home to local wisdom that thrives and is preserved in the community. The Kaili tribe (ToKaili) is one of the tribes that live on the island of Sulawesi which is located in the province of Central Sulawesi. This has unique local wisdom because ToKaili is one of the tribes in Indonesia that was formed due to evolutionary development starting from moving to a sedentary lifestyle, to settling which is worthy of study by many researchers in the field of architecture. An interesting part of local wisdom is their customs and traditions in organizing and designing their settlements since ancient times. The ToKaili settlement planning and design process mainly depends on how customary law regulates the phenomena of community life and shapes sustainable planning strategies. The purpose of this study is to reveal the phenomenon of local wisdom To Kaili in planning and designing harmonious sustainable settlements. This study uses phenomenology as a method for analyzing ToKaili local wisdom and finding planning strategies and designing harmonious solutions. It was found that variations or patterns are ranging from micro-scale settlements to large scale settlements that are interrelated and metamorphosed from micro-scale settlements to large scale settlements (From Sou to Ngata bete) Formed by customary rules.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Review of European Studies, Vol. 12, No. 2
Authors: Dou Paige
Published: May 2020

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Review of European Studies, Vol. 12, No. 2, 2020.
Metabolomic profiling of acute diabetes complications in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Małachowska Beata , Fendler Wojciech
Published: May 2020

Acute type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) complications – diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA) and hypoglycemia (HG) – are dangerous not only as a threat to patients’ life but also because of their long-term sequelae. Aim: Evaluation of serum metabolic changes caused by episode of DKA and HG, that can be detected despite restoring parameters typically changed during the episodes. Selection of putative long-standing biomarkers of past episodes of DKA and HG. Materials and methods: Four groups of children with T1DM were recruited: patients after episode of DKA and HG, children with established T1DM (EDM) and patients with newly diagnosed diabetes without diabetes ketoacidosis (NDM). Serum samples were collected in three group-specific time points (since the hospital admission): 0h – 24h – 72h for DKA and NDM group and 0h – 12h – 48h for HG group. From EDM patients only one sample was collected during running routine laboratory tests. Patients were assigned to two batches: DKA-NDM-EDM (N = 20x3, N = 10x3, N = 10) and HG-EDM- -NDM (N = 10x3, N = 25, N = 15x3). All patients within the batches were matched based on age and sex. Metabolic fingerprinting was performed with LC- -QTOF-MS (Agilent 6550 iFunnel). Results: In DKA batch after technical filtering 248 metabolomic features out of 712 (in positive ionization) and 295 out of 652 (in negative ionization) were suitable for between-group comparisons. Statistical analysis selected 22 metabolic features as putative biomarkers of episodes of DKA occurrence in nearest 72h. Decision tree to diagnose past DKA episode, based on two best metabolites, achieved sensitivity of 95% (CI (confidence interval): 81.79–99.13%) and specificity of 80% (CI: 67.30–88.81%). In HG batch after technical filtering 359 metabolomic features out of 1006 (in positive ionization) and 374 out of 763 (in negative ionization) were suitable for between-group comparisons. Statistical analysis selected 9 metabolic features as putative biomarkers of episodes of DKA occurrence in nearest 48h. Decision tree to diagnose past HG episode, based on two best metabolites, achieved sensitivity of 90% (CI: 72.32–97.38%) and specificity 80% (CI: 68.39–88.26%). Conclusions: Metabolic disturbances caused by DKA may be traced in serum up to 72h after the episode and for hypoglycemia up to 48h.
Kein Kommunitarismus, nirgends. Eine Retraditionalisierung wird die Sozialdemokratie nicht retten. Replik auf Carsten Nickel
Authors: Biskamp Floris
Published: May 2020

Verschiedene Autor*innen versuchen, den Abstieg der Volksparteien und den Aufstieg der Far Right durch das Entstehen einer neuen Cleavage zwischen Kosmopolitismus und Kommunitarismus zu erklären. Die Sozialdemokratie habe sich zu kosmopolitisch oder progressiv-neoliberal ausgerichtet und damit die Arbeiterklasse verloren. Im Beitrag wird dieses Narrativ als mystifizierend und irreführend kritisiert.
Self-Management in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Luo Wen , Zhang Xiuli , Ren Kaijing
Published: May 2020

Despite the effective pharmacological management of the disease over the last two decades, many individuals with RA continue to have psychological distress, and this is associated with poor outcomes. Addressing psychological issues hand in hand with pharmacological treatment will help to maximize outcomes for people with RA. Self-management (SM) is of utmost importance for people with rheumatoid arthritis to minimize their complaints, reduce clinic visits, and reduce disability. Considering the continuous update on the guidelines for disease management, non-pharmacological management remains a poorly addressed need of importance. In this chapter, we will introduce the current and progress of self-management in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Fundamentals of Volunteered Geographic Information in Disaster Management Related to Floods
Authors: G. Arapostathis Stathis
Published: May 2020

The main purpose of this chapter is to introduce fundamental knowledge regarding the notion of volunteered geographic information (VGI) and its applications in disaster management (DM) of events related to floods. Initially, the meaning of the term is defined along with certain properties and general trends that characterize VGI. A brief literature review unfolds the range of activities that compose that certain term, along with its applications to flood event management. Those applications cover significant aspects of both VGI and DM cycle: from participatory activities of volunteers up to pure data analysis, extracted from social media and other VGI sources, while, in terms of DM cycle, from mitigation up to response and recovery. Finally, a set of four main clusters of open challenges is addressed. Those clusters accumulate the vast majority of open topics on this research field.
A Review of Fracturing Technologies Utilized in Shale Gas Resources
Authors: Ben Mahmud Hisham , Ermila Mansur , Bennour Ziad , Mohamed Mahmud Walid
Published: May 2020

The modern hydraulic fracturing technique was implemented in the oil and gas industry in the 1940s. Since then, it has been used extensively as a method of stimulation in unconventional reservoirs in order to enhance hydrocarbon recovery. Advances in directional drilling technology in shale reservoirs allowed hydraulic fracturing to become an extensively common practice worldwide. Fracturing technology can be classified according to the type of the fracturing fluid with respect to the well orientation into vertical, inclined, or horizontal well fracturing. Depth, natural fractures, well completion technology, capacity, and formation sensitivity of a shale reservoir all play a role in the selection of fracturing fluid and fracturing orientation. At present, the most commonly used technologies are multi-section fracturing, hydra-jet fracturing, fracture network fracturing, re-fracturing, simultaneous fracturing, and CO2 and N2 fracturing. This chapter briefly reviews the technologies used in shale reservoir fracturing.
Towards Global Peace and Sustainability: Role of Education in Peace-Building in the Great Lakes Region of Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Gabriel Ndijuye Laurent , Basil Tandika Pambas
Published: May 2020

The Great Lakes Region of sub-Saharan Africa is well known for being volatile and turbulent in terms of peace and stability. For over 60 years, almost all countries in the region have experienced some kind of political and social turmoil such as civil war, coup de tat, and genocides. In 1960, the first democratically elected Congolese prime minister was assassinated. There were unprecedented social and political havoc in a nearby “other Congo” characterized by power struggle between various political and ethnic factions in the post-independence Congo Brazzaville. In Burundi and Rwanda, ethnic tensions between the Tutsi and Hutu engulfed the developmental dreams of nationalist freedom fighters until 2015. Though arguably stable, Tanzania has experienced its own share of socio-political messy including the 1998 Mwembechai and 2001 Pemba massacres. Efforts to build a sense of sustainable peace and development based on mutual understanding and socio-political harmony has brought limited success. In all these countries, the missing link in building sustainable peace and security has been a lack of education. The chapter intends to fill this gap by critically analyzing the potential role of basic education, especially pre-primary and early grades education, in sustainable peace-building in the sub-Saharan context.
Investigation of Structural, Microstructural, Dielectrical and Magnetic Properties of Bi3+ Doped Manganese Spinel Ferrite Nanoparticles for Photonic Applications
Authors: Jagadeesha Angadi V. , Lakshmiprasanna H.R. , Manjunatha K.
Published: May 2020

The structural, microstructural, and magnetic properties of Mn1-xBixFe2O4 (where x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) nanoparticles prepared by solution combustion method were investigated. Rietveld-refined X-ray diffraction patterns confirm the single-phase formation with space group Fd3m having spinel cubic structure. The porous nature of the samples was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Composition values of the theoretical stoichiometry and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) composition values are well matched for all samples. The dielectric parameters such as real part of dielectric constant, imaginary part of dielectric constant, and dielectric loss tangent decrease with the increase in frequency. The AC conductivity increases with increase in the Bi3+ concentration. The real part of complex impedance decreases with the increase in frequency. Cole-Cole plots reveal that one semicircle was obtained for each of the samples. The real and imaginary parts of electric modulus vary with frequency. The magnetic hysteresis curves of all samples reveal the soft magnetic material nature. We observed S esteems began uniquely from the higher superparamagnetic, we would have watched the monotonic decrease in S with increase in Bi3+ concentration. Furthermore, the magnetic parameters were estimated.
Standard Elevator Information Schema: Its Origins, Features and Example Applications
Authors: Beebe Jonathan , Hammoudeh Ahmad
Published: May 2020

A generational change is taking place in building transportation systems as manufacturers and maintenance companies begin to integrate their products and services with the technologies of smart buildings and smart cities. Frequently this integration relies on the Internet of Things and cloud services. The diverse and heterogeneous nature of such collaborations requires a common shared semantic understanding of the complex and dense information that may be generated by transportation systems in buildings. The Standard Elevator Information Schema (SEIS) provides this in a format which is both machine and human readable. The role of the schema is to provide the ‘vocabulary’ for these collaborations. At the same time the schema specifies the properties, relationships and validation rules that define the information model, which could form the foundation upon which all elements of building transportation control and monitoring functions are constructed. SEIS is published under the Collective Commons licence and is free to download and incorporate into any product with the objective of reaching the broadest audience. This chapter discusses the origins and features of SEIS and provides a varied set of example applications. Consideration is also given to the issues of cyber security and data protection.
Digital Parenting: Raising and Protecting Children in Media World
Authors: Benedetto Loredana , Ingrassia Massimo
Published: May 2020

Digital media have quickly changed ways in which parents and children communicate, enjoy themselves, acquire information, and solve problems daily (both in ordinary and exceptional circumstances such as COVID-19 home confinement). Very young children are regular users of smartphones and tablet, so their early digital engagement poses new challenges to parent-child relationships and parental role. First, the chapter introduces the “digital parenting” construct, moving through the literature from “traditional” parenting styles to more recent studies on “parental mediation,” that is, the different behaviors parents adopt to regulate children’s engagement with the Internet and digital media. Second, the chapter reviews empirical researches on different parental mediation practices (active or restrictive behaviors) and how they are adjusted according to the child’s characteristics (age, digital competences, etc.) or parent’s media competence and beliefs. Finally, from a bidirectional perspective of parent-child relationships, the chapter discusses the role of youths’ social involvement, communication, self-disclosure, and digital skills on parent’s beliefs and practices. Implications for parent education and prevention of risks for early and excessive exposure to digital technologies are discussed.
Alzheimer’s Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Molecular Mechanisms and Similarities
Authors: Isabel Lira-De León Karla , Delia Bertadillo-Jilote Alma , Gustavo García-Gutiérrez David , Antonio Meraz-Ríos Marco
Published: May 2020

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has become one of the most threatening diseases in the elderly, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major health problem in the world, representing 7.4% of the population. Several studies have produced epidemiological, clinical, and pathological evidence of the relationship between AD and T2DM. Laboratory research using animal models has identified mechanisms shared by both T2DM and AD. Particularly, there is an increase of tau phosphorylation and cleavage, which is known to be particularly toxic to neurons and to form a nucleation for neurofibrillary tangles. Also, alterations in synaptic plasticity are associated to tau pathology through the direct abnormal interaction of pathological tau with synaptic proteins and indirectly through Tau-activated neuroinflammatory processes. Many T2DM complications are potentiated or initiated by the accumulation of specific forms of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their interaction with its receptors (RAGE). AGEs promote β-amyloid aggregation and cytotoxicity, while glycation of tau may enhance their aggregation. Therefore, this review addresses the analysis of the common mechanisms where the major molecular players of these two diseases participate and contribute to a better understanding of these diseases in their pathogenic relationship.
Artisanal saltscapes in Europe: from mining heritage to living cultural landscapes
Authors: Hueso Kortekaas Katia
Published: May 2020

Artisanal salt making in Europe is experiencing an unprecedented expansion, thanks to a stronger awareness of quality food products, the protection of a traditional know-how and the maintenance of the natural values of productive landscapes. Over the last century, small solar evaporation salt making sites across the continent had been experiencing a decline, in favour of large, industrial mining facilities. Hand harvested salt was seen as a low-quality product, not fit for its use in food or other applications. In Spain and Portugal alone, from the over 700 former salt making sites, only 10% survived, the rest falling into oblivion. In the early 21st century, some abandoned sites were gaining attention as mining heritage, being recovered as open-air museums. In a few cases, some sites were recovered in extremis as productive sites, becoming (again) living cultural landscapes. In this contribution, we analyse the recovery of twelve saltscapes in Europe, with different degrees of advancement. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods allows to understand the processes and which factors influence the transformation from an abandoned mining site to a thriving productive landscape that celebrates and protects its cultural, human and natural values. 

La producción artesanal de sal en Europa está experimentando una expansión sin precedentes, gracias a una mayor concienciación sobre los productos alimentarios de calidad, la protección del conocimiento tradicional y el mantenimiento de los valores naturales de los paisajes productivos. Durante el siglo XX, pequeñas salinas de evaporación solar en todo el continente experimentaronun declive, en favor de las grandes instalaciones industriales. La sal cosechada a mano era vista como un producto de baja calidad, no apta para su uso en alimentación u otras aplicaciones. Solo en España y Portugal, de los más de 700 antiguos espacios salineros, solo el 10% sobrevivió, cayendo el resto en el olvido. A principios del siglo XXI, algunos espacios abandonados recibieron atención como patrimonio minero, siendo recuperados como museos al aire libre. En algunos casos, algunos recuperaron in extremis la producción, convirtiéndose (de nuevo) en paisajes culturales vivos. En esta contribución, analizamos la recuperación de doce paisajes de la sal en Europa, con diferentes grados de avance. Una combinación de métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos permite comprender los procesos y qué factores influyenen la transformación de un espacio minero abandonado a un próspero paisaje productivo que celebra y protege sus valores culturales, humanos y naturales.
Should We Engineer Species in Order to Save Them?
Authors: Sandler Ronald ,   Center for Environmental Philosophy, The University of North Texas
Published: May 2020

There are two strategies for engineering species for conservation purposes, de-extinction and gene drives. Engineering species for conservation purposes is not in principle wrong, and on common criteria for assessing conservation interventions there may well be cases in which de-extinction and gene drives are evaluated positively in comparison to other possible strategies. De-extinction is not as transformative a conservation technique as it initially appears. It is largely dependent, as a conservation activity, upon traditional conservation practices, such as captive breeding programs, species reintroductions, and habitat improvement and protection. In contrast, gene drives have the potential to significantly restructure how conservation problems are framed and approached. Gene drives are therefore a much more disruptive technology for conservation philosophy and practice.
La educación de las mujeres en Iberoamérica. Análisis histórico
Authors: Resa Ocio Ainhoa
Published: May 2020

Review of the book by Teresa González Pérez (coord.). La educación de las mujeres en Iberoamérica. Análisis histórico. Valencia, Tirant humanidades: márgenes, 2020.
Privacidad, seguridad y legalidad en soluciones educativas basadas en Blockchain: Una Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura
Authors: Amo Daniel , Alier Marc , García-Peñalvo Francisco , Fonseca David , Casañ María José
Published: May 2020

La Analítica del Aprendizaje (proveniente del término en inglés Learning Analytics) procesa los datos de los estudiantes, incluso los estudiantes menores de edad. El ciclo analítico consiste en recoger datos, almacenarlos durante largos períodos y utilizarlos para realizar análisis y visualizaciones. A mayor cantidad de datos, mejores resultados en el análisis. Este análisis puede ser descriptivo, predictivo e, incluso, prescriptivo, lo que implica la gestión, el tratamiento y la utilización de datos personales. El contexto educativo es, por lo tanto, muy sensible, a diferencia de los contextos individuales en los que el análisis se utiliza a voluntad. No está claro cómo están utilizando los datos de los estudiantes las empresas de tecnología que dan servicio en educación y a quiénes realmente se les beneficia, cómo esto afectará a los estudiantes en un futuro a corto y largo plazo, o qué nivel de privacidad o seguridad se aplica para proteger los datos de los estudiantes. Por consiguiente, y en relación con lo expuesto, el análisis de datos educativos implica un contexto sensible y de fragilidad en la gestión y análisis de datos personales de los estudiantes, incluidos menores, en el que hay que maximizar las precauciones. En esta revisión sistemática de la literatura se explora la importancia de la protección y seguridad de los datos personales en el campo de la educación mediante las promesas emergentes de los interesados en usar la tecnología blockchain. Los resultados denotan que es importante entender las implicaciones y riesgos derivados de usar tecnologías emergentes en educación, su relación con la sociedad y la legalidad vigente.
The black pedagogy scale: A new task to explore educational practices for children’s well-being
Authors: Florio Eleonora , Caso Letizia , Castelli Ilaria
Published: May 2020

The present contribute focuses on the concept of “Black Pedagogy” (Rutschky, 1977; ISBN: 3548356702), meant as a set of educational practices assimilable into those that nowadays are included in the frame of physical and psychological maltreatment (e.g., corporal punishment, frightening children, etc.). The purpose of this work is to present our operationalization proposal of the concept and the results deriving from a first validation of the “Black Pedagogy Scale”. The questionnaire was administered to 374 Italian university students in their university classrooms (pilot study with double administration) and to 830 Italian adults, parents of primary school-aged children, through an online survey platform (main study). In the pilot study, explorative analyses, paired-samples t-test and ML EFA (with Varimax rotation) were performed. In the main study, proprieties of the refined instrument and relations between the construct of Black Pedagogy and demographics were explored. The Black Pedagogy Scale (α > .8) resulted composed by three factors, consistently with what was initially hypothesized: “Values of Black Pedagogy” (var. 18.7%), “Education of children over time” (var. 10.6%) “Methods of Black Pedagogy” (var. 8.6%). Participants resulted more in agreement with Black Pedagogy’s values rather than with its methods, and those with higher educational qualification showed less agreement with the construct, F(2, 813) = 28.22, p < .001, η² = .065. The possible legacy of a Black Pedagogy’s forma mentis can contribute to explain why some detrimental disciplinary practices are culturally deemed as acceptable. Results suggest designing interventions focused on educational values to discourage such practices.
Improvised Long Test Lengths via Stitching Scale Bar Method:
Authors: Lee Vincent D. , Sawyer Daniel , Bala Muralikrishnan
Published: May 2020

Performance verifications of laser tracker systems (LTSs) often rely on calibrated length artifacts that are 2.3 m in length or more, as specified in International Standards Organization (ISO) and American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) standards. The 2.3 m length is chosen as the minimum length that will sufficiently expose inaccuracy in LTSs. Embodiment of these artifacts often comes in the form of scale bars, fixed monuments, or a laser rail. In National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Internal Report (IR) 8016, which was published in 2014 and discusses interim testing of LTSs, it was shown that a scale bar with three nests spaced 1.15 m apart was sufficient for exposing errors in LTSs. In that case, the LTS was placed symmetrically with respect to the scale bar so that both a 2.3 m symmetrical length and a 1.15 m asymmetrical length were presented to the LTS. This paper will evaluate whether a scale bar that is only 1.15 m in length can sufficiently expose errors within the LTS when it is stitched together to create a 2.3 m long test length.
Improvised Long Test Lengths via Stitching Scale Bar Method:
Authors: Shi Shendong , Muralikrishnan Bala , Lee Vincent , Sawyer Daniel , Icasio-Hernández Octavio
Published: May 2020

Periodic performance evaluation is a critical issue for ensuring the reliability
of data from terrestrial laser scanners (TLSs). With the recent introduction of the ASTM
E3125-17 standard, there now exist standardized test procedures for this purpose.
Point-to-point length measurement is one test method described in that documentary
standard. This test is typically performed using a long scale bar (typically 2 m or
longer) with spherical targets mounted on both ends. Long scale bars can become unwieldy
and vary in length due to gravity loading, fixture forces, and environmental changes. In
this paper, we propose a stitching scale bar (SSB) method in which a short scale bar
(approximately 1 m or smaller) can provide a spatial length reference several times its
length. The clear advantages of a short scale bar are that it can be calibrated in a
laboratory and has potential long-term stability. An essential requirement when
stitching a short scale bar is that the systematic errors in TLSs do not change
significantly over short distances. We describe this requirement in this paper from both
theoretical and experimental perspectives. Based on this SSB method, we evaluate the
performance of a TLS according to the ASTM E3125-17 standard by stitching a 1.15 m scale
bar to form a 2.3 m reference length. For comparison, a single 2.3 m scale bar is also
employed for direct measurements without stitching. Experimental results show a maximum
deviation of 0.072 mm in length errors between the two approaches, which is an order of
magnitude smaller than typical accuracy specifications for TLSs.
L’esprit communautaire des bals des Rois au Pays des Illinois (1800-1830)1
Authors: Dumont Mikael
Published: May 2020

Dans les trois premières décennies du XIXe siècle, les colons américains sont de plus en plus nombreux à habiter l’ancien Pays des Illinois. Malgré les changements politiques, économiques et judiciaires que cela engendre, plusieurs caractéristiques de la vie socioculturelle des habitants blancs francophones qui peuplent la région depuis le XVIIIe siècle demeurent intactes, car ces derniers constituent toujours une partie importante de la population. Ainsi, leurs moeurs traditionnelles, telles que l’esprit de solidarité et de collaboration, la stabilité de la famille et la ségrégation culturelle, imprègnent grandement la sociabilité qui règne dans l’univers festif des bals de leur carnaval.
On Not Taming the Wild Tongue: Challenges and Approaches to Institutional Translation in a University Serving a Historically Minoritized Population
Authors: Dávila-Montes José , González Núñez Gabriel , Guajardo Francisco
Published: May 2020

A consequence of the development of modern states has been the concept of “minority” as used to refer to subsets of the population that are differentiated from that portion of the population which is seen as the “majority.” These minorities are at times distinguished from each other using terms such as national minorities and immigrant minorities. Some scholars have challenged the distinctions drawn by these constructs. An example of how such constructs are not always accurate can be found in Texas’ Rio Grande Valley, where ethnic and linguistic, immigrant and national, minority and majority are not always clear cut. “The Valley,” as the region is locally known, has a long history of the numerical majority being in a minoritized position. In this context, a local university administered a “speech test” to Mexican American students who enrolled between the 1950s and the 1970s. The purpose, according to Anzaldúa (1987), was to tame their “wild tongue.”  This same university, now transformed, proposes to rehabilitate itself, as it becomes bilingual, bicultural, and biliterate. Accordingly, it now undertakes a systematic effort to bilingualize its operations, starting with the localization into Spanish of its website as conducted by the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley’s Translation and Interpreting Office. A number of terminological strategies and translation challenges stemming from the variegated lectal and diglossic landscapes of the region have arisen, which can be illuminated by the Post-Colonial paradigm found in Translation Studies.
Art sonore ou art d’écouter ?
Authors: Kihm Christophe
Published: May 2020

Depuis son avènement au début des années 1980, la notion d’« art sonore » peine à
trouver une définition stable. Le flou qui l’entoure n’empêche qu’on y ait souvent recours
dans le domaine des arts plastiques, où elle souligne la place prépondérante du son dans la
construction d’une oeuvre d’art. Ce texte propose de relever les problèmes inhérents à cette
notion en revenant sur deux grandes expositions associées à son émergence (Für Augen und
Ohren : Objekte, Installationen, Performance [Berlin] et Écouter par les yeux :
objets et environnements sonores [Paris]) et sur le débat qui s’ensuivit, avec lequel
s’affirme la possibilité de retenir, pour les arts plastiques, non plus des objets sonores
mais des manières d’écouter. Reste encore à apprécier les effets théoriques et pratiques de
ce changement de paradigme et à pointer ses enjeux esthétiques et politiques. Une ouverture
à l’histoire des techniques sonores, étudiée par les Sound Studies, comme aux
relations de l’écoute à l’action, analysée par les études éthologiques, pourra, dès lors,
s’avérer utile.
Antiguos dilemas para nuevos medios
Authors: Monjo Tona
Published: May 2020

A lo largo de la historia del diseño, la polaridad forma-función ha sido una de las referencias fundamentales en el establecimiento de debates que han propiciado la evolución del lenguaje gráfico. El diseño de interfaces, como área de aparición relativamente reciente, no escapa a esta disyuntiva.
Hacia la libertad del conocimiento… ¿llegaremos?
Authors: Ferrer Alejandra
Published: May 2020

La sorprendente noticia sobre la publicación gratuita en Internet de los cursos que el Massachussets Institut of Technology (MIT) imparte en su prestigioso campus ha dado pie a numerosas interpretaciones. Una interesante reflexión sobre las posibles causas y consecuencias de esta nueva estrategia adoptada por los directivos del MIT puede leerse en un artículo de Alfons Cornella en Extra-Net. Pero lo que aquí interesa destacar es la aportación que todo este contenido gratuito y de calidad puede significar para la libertad del conocimiento en la red.
Arte e interactividad (II). Los logros de la reconciliación del arte, la ciencia y la tecnología
Authors: Báscones Pere
Published: May 2020

Continuando con el artículo iniciado sobre arte e interactividad, el siguiente texto muestra algunos proyectos de arte interactivo a partir de los cuales abrir nuevas (o viejas) direcciones para la reflexión estética desde el arte vinculado a la revolución digital y la interactividad.
Hacer música para multimedia
Authors: Maculet Javier
Published: May 2020

Este artículo pretende una aproximación interdisciplinar a la combinación entre música, imagen y tecnologías multimedia. Javier Maculet nos habla de su bagaje profesional en diversos proyectos musicales y multimedia para tratar de acercarnos a las múltiples combinaciones posibles entre estos aspectos y extraer algunas conclusiones.
Creación de juegos con Macromedia Flash
Authors: Agelet Ferran
Published: May 2020

Flash es un programa ideal para la creación de juegos, por la eficacia y potencia de sus herramientas, por la facilidad de producir trabajos elaborados en poco tiempo y por su sencillez para distribuirlos, utilizando Internet o mediante cdrom.
Flash, además, es noticia estos días porque acaba de salir al mercado (abril en España) la nueva versión, que debería ser la 6, pero que en este caso se llama Flash MX. Con ella Macromedia desvela qué orientación a decidido dar a su producto más vendido y popular.
FRET kinase sensor development reveals SnRK2/OST1 activation by ABA but not by MeJA and high CO2 during stomatal closure
Authors: Zhang Li , Takahashi Yohei , Hsu Po-Kai , Kollist Hannes , Merilo Ebe , Krysan Patrick J , Schroeder Julian I
Published: May 2020

Sucrose-non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase-2s (SnRK2s) are critical for plant abiotic stress responses, including abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. Here, we develop a genetically encoded reporter for SnRK2 kinase activity. This sensor, named SNACS, shows an increase in the ratio of yellow to cyan fluorescence emission by OST1/SnRK2.6-mediated phosphorylation of a defined serine residue in SNACS. ABA rapidly increases FRET efficiency in N. benthamiana leaf cells and Arabidopsis guard cells. Interestingly, protein kinase inhibition decreases FRET efficiency in guard cells, providing direct experimental evidence that basal SnRK2 activity prevails in guard cells. Moreover, in contrast to ABA, the stomatal closing stimuli, elevated CO2 and MeJA, did not increase SNACS FRET ratios. These findings and gas exchange analyses of quintuple/sextuple ABA receptor mutants show that stomatal CO2 signaling requires basal ABA and SnRK2 signaling, but not SnRK2 activation. A recent model that CO2 signaling is mediated by PYL4/PYL5 ABA-receptors could not be supported here in two independent labs. We report a potent approach for real-time live-cell investigations of stress signaling.
Genomic innovation of ATD alleviates mistranslation associated with multicellularity in Animalia
Authors: Kuncha Santosh Kumar , Venkadasamy Vinitha Lakshmi , Amudhan Gurumoorthy , Dahate Priyanka , Kola Sankara Rao , Pottabathini Sambhavi , Kruparani Shobha P , Shekar P Chandra , Sankaranarayanan Rajan
Published: May 2020

The emergence of multicellularity in Animalia is associated with increase in ROS and expansion of tRNA-isodecoders. tRNA expansion leads to misselection resulting in a critical error of L-Ala mischarged onto tRNAThr, which is proofread by Animalia-specific-tRNA Deacylase (ATD) in vitro. Here we show that in addition to ATD, threonyl-tRNA synthetase (ThrRS) can clear the error in cellular scenario. This two-tier functional redundancy for translation quality control breaks down during oxidative stress, wherein ThrRS is rendered inactive. Therefore, ATD knockout cells display pronounced sensitivity through increased mistranslation of threonine codons leading to cell death. Strikingly, we identify the emergence of ATD along with the error inducing tRNA species starting from Choanoflagellates thus uncovering an important genomic innovation required for multicellularity that occurred in unicellular ancestors of animals. The study further provides a plausible regulatory mechanism wherein the cellular fate of tRNAs can be switched from protein biosynthesis to non-canonical functions.
Integrative analysis of large-scale loss-of-function screens identifies robust cancer-associated genetic interactions
Authors: Lord Christopher J , Quinn Niall , Ryan Colm J
Published: May 2020

Genetic interactions, including synthetic lethal effects, can now be systematically identified in cancer cell lines using high-throughput genetic perturbation screens. Despite this advance, few genetic interactions have been reproduced across multiple studies and many appear highly context-specific. Here, by developing a new computational approach, we identified 220 robust driver-gene associated genetic interactions that can be reproduced across independent experiments and across non-overlapping cell line panels. Analysis of these interactions demonstrated that: (i) oncogene addiction effects are more robust than oncogene-related synthetic lethal effects; and (ii) robust genetic interactions are enriched among gene pairs whose protein products physically interact. Exploiting the latter observation, we used a protein–protein interaction network to identify robust synthetic lethal effects associated with passenger gene alterations and validated two new synthetic lethal effects. Our results suggest that protein–protein interaction networks can be used to prioritise therapeutic targets that will be more robust to tumour heterogeneity.
On Sums of Cubes of Generalized Fibonacci Numbers: Closed Formulas of Σn k=0 kW3 k and Σn k=1 kW3− k
Authors: Soykan Yuksel
Published: May 2020

In this paper, closed forms of the sum formulas Σn k=0 kW3 k and Σn k=1 kW3-k for the cubes of generalized Fibonacci numbers are presented. As special cases, we give sum formulas of Fibonacci, Lucas, Pell, Pell-Lucas, Jacobsthal, Jacobsthal-Lucas numbers. We present the proofs to indicate how these formulas, in general, were discovered. Of course, all the listed formulas may be proved by induction, but that method of proof gives no clue about their discovery. Our work generalize second order recurrence relations.
Effect of Early Weaning on the Litter Traits of Pigs
Authors: Kumar Hemant , Kumar Basant , Singh Ram Narayan
Published: May 2020

The present study was carried out with 444 crossbred piglets from 60 sows belonging to various genetic groups viz., ½ Landrace (LR) X ½ desi (D), ½ Tamworth (T) X ½ D, ½ LR X ¼T X ¼ D and ½ T X ¼ LRX ¼ D maintained at Pig Breeding Farm of Ranchi Veterinary College, Birsa agricultural University, Ranchi. The 60 sows under examination were randomly allocated into 5 weaning groups; weaned at 3 weeks (W3), 4 weeks (W4), 5 weeks (W5), 6 weeks (W6) and 8 weeks (W8). Piglets of each weaning group offered 4 types of weaning diets T1, T2, T3 and T4 as creep feed from 2 to 8 weeks of age. Effect of diet and weaning time had non-significant influence on litter size at the 8th and 12th week of age. Weaning time significantly affected the litter weight at the 8th and the 12th week of age; litter weight was greater in piglets weaned at the 5th, 6th and 8th than at the 3rd and 4th week of age (P<0.05). Although weaner diet had non- significant effect on litter weight, numerically higher values for litter weight at the 12th week was observed in T1 (63.25 ± 8.21 kg) than that of T3 (56.63 ± 6.38 kg) followed by T2 (53.74 ± 6.30 kg) and T4 (52.98 ± 5.58 kg). The present study suggested weaning of piglets either at 5th or 6th week of age instead of 8th week that in the conventional weaning time in India.
Impact of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Amended Organic Manure on Arachis hypogaea Growth Response and Rhizosphere Bacterial Community
Authors: Oghenerume Progress , Eduok Samuel , Ita Basil , John Ofonime , Basssy Inemesit
Published: May 2020

The effect of zinc oxide nanoparticle-organic manure amended ultisol and loam soils on plant growth response and rhizosphere bacterial community of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) was evaluated using standard methods under greenhouse conditions. Results indicate germination rates ranged between 30 and 100% in the amended soils compared to 50 and 70% in the controls. ZnO nanoparticles exerted concentration-dependent and varying effects on the plant root and shoot lengths, weights, nodules and pod formation in the two soil types. Heterotrophic bacterial counts ranged from 7.21 ± 0.51 to 7.38 ± 0.5 Log10CFUg-1 in the amended ultisol and 6.99 ± 0.55 Log10CFUg-1 in the control with a log reduction to 6.70 ± 0.39 Log10CFUg-1 in 500 mgkg⁻¹ ZnO spiked soil. Counts in the amended loam soil ranged between 6.59 ± 0.48 and 7.22 ± 0.41 Log10CFUg-1 relative to 6.80 ± 0.58 Log10CFUg-1 in the control. ZnO induced concentration-dependent effect on oxygen uptake rate relative to the controls. The organisms were members of the genera Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Rhizobium, Xanthobacter, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Nitrosomonas and Agromyces. ZnO nanoparticle exerted concentration-dependent stimulatory and inhibitory effects on the plant growth response, oxygen uptake rate and induced temporal shifts in soil microbial abundance. It is challenging to generalize a consistent response of the plant or microorganisms because ZnO nanoparticles interacted with A. hypogaea and soil bacterial community in ways that differ in the ultisol and loam soil.
Hepatic & Renal Toxicity of Energy Drinks, a Serious Health Risk, Wistar Albino Rats Study
Authors: Al-Saikhan Fahad I.
Published: May 2020

The recent years have seen a significant increase in the individual consumption of energy drinks across the globe. As a result, notable concerns continue to rise both among the public and among the scientific community, concerning the health effects that energy drinks pose to individuals. This study therefore examines the adverse effects of energy drinks on health, using ten normal albino rats as specimens. The specimen was then divided into two groups consisting of five rats each, with one group was given energy drinks while the control group was given normal drinking water days for a period of 21 days. The specimen was then sacrificed and their blood samples used for biochemical and histological studies. The study findings reveal that energy drink consumption significantly increased the serum aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), urea and creatinine levels when compared with the control group. In addition, the study demonstrates that energy drink consumption significantly decreased body weight and organ to body weight ratios when compared with the control group. The study further recognizes that the consumption of energy drink is associated with significant alterations in serum toxicity markers, bodyweight, organ body weight and histopathological changes. The study therefore recommends that need for public health education to educate individuals; especially youths about the risks of consuming highly caffeinated energy drinks. The study also recommends the need for further studies in order to minimize the harm excess and long-term consumption of energy drinks presented to the public.
Experimental Studies to Define the Role of Calcium (Ca2+) and Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel Blockers (vCa-CCB) against Neurosteroid Induced Obesity
Authors: Chidrawar Vijay R. , Ali Akbar
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Obesity is closely associated with various types of illness, primarily caused by more calorie intake than body burn. In adipocytes, Calcium (Ca2+) is an important second messenger involved in the regulation of many physiological functions which are essential for survival. In the present research, we have investigated the role of Ca2+ ions in obesity by manipulating cytosolic Ca2+ ion concentration by selective blocking/advancing the Ca2+ ions through the voltage-gated calcium channels. Voltage-gated calcium channel (vCa) plays a key role in regulating intracellular and extracellular Ca2+ concentration. Cytoplasmic level of Ca2+ was manipulated by supplying calcium carbonate and by using vCa blockers i.e. nifedipine- (N-type- vCa-CCB) and ethosuximide (T-type, vCa-CCB).

Methods: Obesity was induced by progesterone in female mice and test drugs were co-administered with progesterone whereas sibutramine was used as standard. The treatment was carried out for 28 days, during and after the treatment period various parameters were studied viz food consumption, change in body weight and temperature, the effect on WAT (white adipose tissue, adiposity index, histology of fat pad) and fecal lipid content.

Results: Calcium carbonate treated group has shown promising effects in the decrease in body weight by increasing fecal lipid content and lipolysis which was reflected by an increase in body temperature. Ethosuximide also offered significant protection by decreasing the food intake but has not shown any notable effect on fecal fat content, whereas nifedipine has not offered any protection against the obesity induced by neurosteroid.

Conclusion: Calcium carbonate has significant anti-obesity activity by including thermogenesis,  and increasing fecal lipid content.
Photoelectric Silk via Genetic Encoding and Bioassisted Plasmonics
Authors: Leem Jung Woo , Llacsahuanga Allcca Andres E. , Kim Yong Jae , Park Jongwoo , Kim Seong‐Wan , Kim Seong‐Ryul , Ryu WonHyoung , Chen Yong P. , Kim Young L.
Published: May 2020

Genetically encoded photoelectric silk that can convert photons to electrons (light to electricity) over a wide visible range in a self‐power mode is reported. As silk is a versatile host material with electrical conductivity, biocompatibility, and processability, a photoelectric protein is genetically fused with silk by silkworm transgenesis. Specifically, mKate2, which is conventionally known as a far‐red fluorescent protein, is used as a photoelectric protein. Characterization of the electrochemical and optical properties of mKate2 silk allows designing a photoelectric measurement system. A series of in situ photocurrent experiments support the sensitive and stable performance of photoelectric conversion. In addition, as a plasmonic nanomaterial with a broad spectral resonance, titanium nitride (TiN) nanoparticles are biologically hybridized into the silk glands, taking full advantage of the silkworms’ open circulatory system as well as the absorption band of mKate2 silk. This biological hybridization via direct feeding of TiN nanoparticles further enhances the overall photoelectric conversion ability of mKate2 silk. It is envisioned that the biologically derived photoelectric protein, its ecofriendly scalable production by transgenic silkworms, and the bioassisted plasmonic hybridization can potentially broaden the biomaterial choices for developing next‐generation biosensing, retina prosthesis, and neurostimulation applications.
A Statistical Analysis of Powder Flowability in Metal Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Kiani Parnian , Scipioni Bertoli Umberto , Dupuy Alexander D. , Ma Kaka , Schoenung Julie M.
Published: May 2020

The quality of parts fabricated with additive manufacturing is influenced by the flowability of the feedstock particles, which is the result of many factors, including chemistry (e.g., true density, the presence of surface oxides, and impurities), morphology (e.g., particle shape and the presence of satellites), and particle size distribution. This work investigates the relationship between powder characteristics and flow behavior of different powders using three flowability testing methods. Six powders of two compositions (316L stainless steel and AlSi10Mg), made using two different methods (gas‐ and water‐atomization), are investigated to rationalize the effect of powder chemistry and morphology on flow behavior. The results show that the true density of the powders can influence several flowability metrics. In addition, aspect ratio strongly influences the initiation of flow from a static condition, whereas average particle size strongly dictates the ease of maintaining that flow.