bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Connections between the Pedagogical Project of an Undergraduate Course in Mathematics and the Content Technological and Pedagogical Knowledge
Authors: Nonato Karla Jocelya , Lobo da Costa Nielce Meneguelo
Published: July 2021

Context: As Digital Information and Communication Technologies (DICT) evolve, they enable to implement innovations that reflect on social life, including school and its curricula, requiring various teachers' knowledge to act in the new educational scenarios. Objective: To identify the presence of DICT in the curriculum and the possibilities of integration in the future pedagogical practice of Undergraduate course students in Mathematics. Design: In order to answer the question of how the Course Pedagogical Project of the Course (PPC) is organized, in the face of current technological advances, a documental analysis, of an interpretative nature, was developed at the PPC of the Undergraduate Course in Mathematics of Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), located in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brazil, deployed in 2017. Data collection: Syllabuses and bibliographies presented in PPC were analysed. Results: Choosing as categories those established in the project itself and interpreted in the light of the theoretical framework constituted by the TPACK (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge), Web curriculum and Mathematical Enculturation. The following were considered: the social context, the technologies integration into the curriculum and the new knowledge construction by the graduation students. Conclusions: PPC prescribes a curriculum that, by being transformed into practiced curriculum, it can integrate the DICT and promote the construction of technological and pedagogical knowledge of the graduation students’ content and the Web curriculum construction is seen in this process.
Mathematical Modelling and Didactic Moments
Authors: Sodré Gleison De Jesus Marinho
Published: July 2021

Background: from the perspective of mathematics education, an important issue addressed vehemently in international conferences on mathematical modelling teaching, regardless of the theoretical current adopted on the concept, is how we can teach modelling? Objective: to highlight the didactic moments announced by the anthropological theory of the didactic in the process of studying problems in concrete contexts in mathematical modelling. Design: a study and research path was conducted based on theoretical and methodological tools of the anthropological theory of the didactic. Settings and participants: preservice teachers of a degree course of a public institution, who had to solve a problem of application in savings. Data collection and analysis: From an empirical excerpt of a study developed by Sodré (2019) with preservice teachers. Results: the elements found in the empirical research confirm the hypothesis that regardless of the path taken in the modelling process, one or more didactic moments is/are performed. Conclusions: ultimately, the study of problems in concrete contexts, besides highlighting the encounter of teachers with different didactic moments, revealed the remarkable dependence between mathematical and non-mathematical know-how that stimulates us to further investigations.
Energy Efficient and High Dissemination Rate Method Considering Extended Transmission Distances on a Wireless Sensor Network
Authors:   Graduate School of Information Science and Technology from Osaka University, 1-1 Yamada-oka, Suita-shi, Osaka, Japan, Kunimoto Rimpei , Hisamatsu Hiroyuki
Published: July 2021

From the electric power consumed by sensor nodes comprising a wireless sensor network, a very large proportion is used to transmit and receive information wirelessly. Because most sensor nodes are battery-powered, long-term operation requires unnecessary wireless transmission to be minimized. There is currently insufficient research on cases involving increased wireless transmission distance and the accompanying increased power consumption. This paper proposes a new, effective method for information dissemination in situations with increased wireless transmission distances. The proposed method is able to minimize power consumption by not performing transmission if the message is considered already disseminated. Additionally, with increased wireless transmission distance, the number of instances of cancelled message transmission increases, further reducing the transmission and reception loads. Simulations demonstrated that the proposed method is effective at keeping power consumption increases to a minimum while greatly improving information dissemination rates, even in cases with increased transmission distances. Unlike the existing methods, the proposed method can improve dissemination rates without increasing power consumption in sensor networks, making it highly innovative and effective.
The Rational Use of Medicines (RUM) in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Karimian Zahra
Published: July 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
Determination of Type 2 Diabetes Risk by Using of Diabetes Risk Questionnaire Prepared by Turkish Diabetes Association in People Living in the District of Zeytinburnu, Istanbul
Authors: Karakas Gulay , Taner Neda , Macit Caglar
Published: July 2021

Background: Type 2 diabetes is a serious condition that is rapidly increasing all over the world and can cause other metabolic diseases. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the probability of the participants having Type 2 diabetes by using diabetes risk questionnaire.
Methods: During the month of March 2019, a validated questionnaire prepared by the Turkish Diabetes Association was administered to 500 patients (M= 223, (44.6%); (F= 277), (55.4%)) who were applying to a pharmacy in Zeytinburnu, Istanbul. Statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS version 21. Data were expressed as mean, standard deviation (SD) and percentage (%). In this respect, the normality of data distribution was determined by the Shapiro-Wilk test. Results: The scale total scores of women were significantly lower than the total scale scores of men (p<0.001). It was found that the risk of developing diabetes increased significantly with age (p <0.001). Patients aged 60 and over were at the highest risk of Type 2 diabetes. It was determined that the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes was significantly higher in patients with high blood pressure (n= 111), (p<0.001). One hundred and thirty-seven physically inactive participants had a significantly higher risk of Type 2 diabetes (p<0.001). Finally, the risk of diabetes increased with increasing weight (p <0.001).
Conclusion: In conclusion, increasing age, high blood pressure, physical inactivity can increase the risk of Type 2 diabetes. To prevent the risk, people should be physically active and they should consume healthy and balanced diet.
Design, Implementation and Evaluation of a Student Mentoring Program for Pharmacy Students Based on Facilitation by the Pharmacist Assistant Website at the School of Pharmacy of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Khajavi Maryam , Izadpanah Mandana , Eslami Kaveh , Kouti Leila
Published: July 2021

Background: Mentoring is a learning and training process in which a qualified person with more experience (mentor) consults a person with fewer skills or less experience (mentee). The purpose of this study was to design, implement and evaluate the student mentoring program for entry Pharmacy students of academic year 2019-2020 (as mentees) and to use a website to communicate with students in order to use new methods of communication.
Methods: In this project, 2015, 2016 and 2017 entry students were used as mentors. After assessing the needs of senior students, the mentoring program was designed and after revision, mentors and mentees were introduced to each other. Considering the outbreak of Corona virus in the middle of the project, the Pharmacist Assistant website was designed as a virtual learning platform and made accessible to students for keeping the mentoring members in touch with each other.
Results: Preliminary results of a needs assessment showed that students prefer being consulted by senior students in the times of challenge. A survey of mentees showed that all mentees were satisfied with participating in the program and recommended its implementation, and almost half of them believed that the web design was successful in educating students during the pandemic.
Conclusion: Due to the high satisfaction of the mentees with the mentoring program and their familiarity with the academic challenges before facing them, running mentoring programs can be very functional and helpful in Schools of Pharmacy. In the case of coronavirus pandemic, one way to prevent damage to the mentoring program and to keep the mentor and mentees in touch is to design a virtual platform such as the Pharmacist Assistant website.
Evaluation of Albumin Utilization in a Major Teaching Hospital in Iran Before and After Guideline Implementation
Authors: Shahbazi Khamas Shahriyar , Mirbagheri Iman , Dehnadi-Moghaddam Anoush , Ashouri Asieh , Jafari Atefeh
Published: July 2021

Background: Inappropriate use of drugs is one of the major issues in health care system. Rational drug utilization based on the appropriate guidelines has an important role in management of use of expensive medications. We aimed to evaluate albumin usage's appropriateness based on evidence-based indications before and after implementing albumin prescription guideline in a teaching hospital.
Methods: This study was performed in two phases. During two-month periods, all the patients who were ordered to receive albumin were evaluated. The first phase was done in November and December of 2017, during which, based on physicians' comments, the guideline was finalized and then implemented. Phase two was performed in May and June 2018.
Results: Albumin was prescribed appropriately in 33 patients (55%) in the first phase and 43 (70%) patients in the second phase. 299 vials in the first phase and 456 vials in the second phase were prescribed which 198 vials (66%) and 394 (86%) vials were used with appropriate indications, respectively. The number of vials consumed with inappropriate indication decreased significantly from 101 vials (34%) in the first phase to 62 vials (14%) in the second phase (P-value=0.01). The average cost of the inappropriate indication per patient decreased from $197.3 ± 131.6 in the first phase to $183.5 ± 126.8 in the second phase (P-value=0.52).
Conclusion: This study showed implementing a DUE program and designing a guideline for rational prescribing of albumin and interventional methods can optimize treatment duration, significantly decrease inappropriate usage, and avoid unnecessary hospital costs.
Mulberrofuran G, a Potent Inhibitor of SPIKE Protein of SARS Corona Virus 2
Authors: Hosseini Fatemeh Sadat , Motamedi Mohammad Reza
Published: July 2021

Background: At the onset of the 2020 year, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a pandemic and infected many people worldwide. Despite all efforts, no cure was found for this infection. Bioinformatics and medicinal chemistry have a potential role in the primary consideration of drugs to treat this infection. With virtual screening and molecular docking, some potent compounds and medications can be found and modified and then applied to treat disease in the next steps.
Methods: By virtual screening method and PRYX software, some Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs and natural compounds have been docked with the SPIKE protein of SARS-CoV-2. Some more potent agents have been selected, and then new structures are designed with better affinity than them. After that, we searched for the molecules with a similar structure to designed compounds to find the most potent compound to our target.
Results: Because of the study of structures and affinities, mulberrofuran G was the most potent compound in this study. The compound has interacted strongly with residues in the probably active site of SPIKE.
Conclusion: Mulberrofuran G can be a treatment agent candidate for COVID-19 because of its good affinity to SPIKE of the virus and inhibition of virus-cell adhesion and entrance.
Potential Drug–Drug Interactions among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients Admitted to Medical Wards of a Referral Hospital, North-East of Iran: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Saber-Moghaddam Niloofar , Hejazi Sepideh , Elyasi Sepideh
Published: July 2021

Background: Hospitalized corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients are special population in term of drug-drug interaction (DDI), as they receive various experimental novel medications and also most of them are elderly with various comorbidities and consequently numerous medications. The aim of present study was to assess the prevalence and determinants of potential DDIs in hospitalized COVID-19 patients admitted to the medical ward of a Referral Hospital in North-East of Iran.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among COVID-19 inpatients between March 2020 and April 2020. Prescribed medication being taken concurrently for at least 24 h were included and checked for DDI using Lexicomp® online drug reference. Data were analyzed using SPSS19.
Results: A total of 88 patients were evaluated. The cardiovascular disease was the most common comorbidity (30.68%). The median number of medications prescribed for each patient was 5. Hydroxychloroquine was the most common prescribed medication for COVID-19 management (92.05%). About two-third (62.5 %) of patients were exposed to at least one potential C (84.09 %) or D (52.27%) DDI and no X DDIs were found. Patients with at least five prescribed medications were at higher risk of having DDI (P = 0.001).
Conclusion: Drug–drug interaction in COVID-19 inpatients was common. Considering these DDIs, clinical pharmacist involvement can be helpful in minimizing the risk of these potentially harmful drug combinations.
Prognostic Accuracy of Cardiovascular Disease Biomarkers in Patients with COVID-19: A Diagnostic Test Accuracy Meta‐analysis
Authors: Nasir Kansestani Atefeh , Zare Mohammad Erfan , Zhang Jun
Published: July 2021

Background: Several reports have determined that cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are common complications in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and lead them to poor outcomes. CVD biomarkers have, thus, great potential to be used as prognostic biomarkers. We aimed to determine the accuracy of CVD biomarkers for the prognosis of the COVID-19 patient’s outcome via a diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) meta-analysis.
Methods: Until September 30, 2020, we searched Web of Sciences, Scopus, and MEDLINE/PubMed databases to obtain related papers. The summary points and lines were calculated using bivariate/HSROC model. As outcomes, we considered critical conditions and mortality.
Results: A total of 17 659 patients from 33 studies were included. Five biomarkers, namely increased levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase (CK), D-dimer, and thrombocytopenia, met the inclusion criteria. Our results indicated that LDH and cTnI had good accuracy for the prognosis of critical condition (AUCHSROC=0.83 and 0.80, respectively), while LDH, cTnI, and D-dimer had acceptable accuracy (AUCHSROC=0.74, 0.71, and 0.72, respectively) for the prognosis of mortality. LDH and D-dimer had high sensitivity, whereas cTnI had high specificity. The other biomarkers did not have acceptable accuracy. Significant publication bias was found for D-dimer (P=0.053).  
Conclusion: Among CVD biomarkers, LDH and cTnI had good accuracy for the prognosis of critical outcomes and acceptable accuracy for the prognosis of mortality, without publication bias. Given their different sensitivities and specificities, we recommend the use of these 2 biomarkers concomitantly.
Serum Levels of Growth Differentiation Factor-15 as an Inflammatory Marker in Patients with Unstable Angina Pectoris
Authors: Raygan Fariba , Etminan Aniseh , Mohammadi Hanieh , Akbari Hossein , Nikoueinejad Hassan
Published: July 2021

Background: Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), a member of transforming growth factors, is a stress-responsive marker whose levels may significantly increase in response to pathological stresses associated with inflammatory tissue injuries such as unstable angina pectoris (USAP). This study evaluated the diagnostic value of GDF-15 in patients with USAP.
Methods: The present cross-sectional study recruited 39 patients with USAP criteria and 30 patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP), referred to Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan, Iran. All the patients with USAP had at least 1 coronary artery stenosis (>50%) in angiography. The control group comprised 42 healthy individuals. The serum levels of GDF-15 were measured in all the participants by ELISA. Also analyzed were the relationship between GDF-15 levels and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) and the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk scores in the patients with USAP to determine the severity of the disease.
Result: The study population consisted of 111 subjects, 62 women and 49 men, divided into 3 groups of USAP (n=39, mean age=60.07±14.10 y), SAP (n=30, mean age=67.56±9.88 y), and control (n=42, mean age=61.21±7.76 y). The mean serum level of GDF-15 in the USAP group was significantly different from the other 2 groups (P<0.001), while no significant difference was observed in this regard between the SAP and control groups (P=0.797). No correlation was found between the mean GDF-15 serum level and the GRACE (P=0.816) and TIMI (P=0.359) risk scores in the USAP group.
Conclusion:  The mean serum level of GDF-15 exhibited a rise in our patients with USAP. GDF-15 may be a diagnostic biomarker of USAP and its severity.
The Association between the PRECISE-DAPT Score and New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Pamukcu Hilal Erken , Tanık Veysel Ozan , Şimşek Barış , Güllü İbrahim Hakan
Published: July 2021

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with increased morbidity in myocardial infarction (MI), especially thromboembolic risk increases. The PRECISE-DAPT (The PREdicting bleeding Complications In patients undergoing Stent implantation and subsEquent Dual Anti-Platelet Therapy) score was created to predict the bleeding risk of dual antiplatelet therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between new-onset AF and the PRECISE-DAPT score in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
Methods: This retrospective study enrolled patients who developed STEMI within 12 hours of the onset of symptoms and underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention. The study population was divided into 2 groups of PRECISE-DAPT scores of 25 or greater and PRECISE-DAPT scores of below 25 and their baseline characteristics, as well as laboratory and echocardiography results, were compared. In-hospital new AF and related events were compared between the 2 PRECISE-DAPT score groups.
Results: From February 2015 to December 2017, this study enrolled 2234 patients with STEMI at a mean age of 54.4 years. The new-onset AF incidence rate was higher in the higher PRECISE-DAPT group than in the lower PRECISE-DAPT group (62 [28.7 %] vs 58 [2.9%]; P<0.001). According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the factors associated with new-onset AF were the left atrial diameter (OR=1.98, 95% confidence interval=1.34–2.93; P=0.001) and the PRECISE-DAPT score (OR=1.04, 95% confidence interval=1.10–1.18; P<0.001).
Conclusion: The PRECISE-DAPT score was associated with the development of new-onset AF in our patients with STEMI. Further follow-up of these patients will provide clearer information.
Combined Aortic and Mitral Valve Stenosis in Mucopolysaccharidosis Syndrome Type I-S: A Report of a Rare Case
Authors: Sadeghian Hakimeh , Sadeghian Afsaneh , Eslami Bahareh , Abbasi Seyed Hesameddin , Lotfi-Tokaldany Masoumeh
Published: July 2021

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) syndrome is an inherited metabolic disorder. In more than half of the patients with MPS syndrome, heart valve involvement is reported; however, combined aortic and mitral valve stenosis in MPS syndrome type I-S is very rare. We describe a 39-year-old man with severe mitral and aortic valve stenosis due to MPS syndrome type I-S. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography revealed severe thickening and calcification in the aortic and mitral valves with severe left ventricular hypertrophy. The coronary arteries were normal in angiography.
Unusual Needle Migration into the Heart of a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Noori Noor Mohamad , Soleimanzadeh Mousavi Seyed Hosein , Azadi Ahmadabadi Changiz
Published: July 2021

Sharp-object penetration into the chest is rare and may lead to life-threatening complications, hence the significance of early detection and removal. We present an uncommon case of the accidental penetration of a sewing needle into the chest of a 5-year-old girl, with the needle traveling from the entrance site to the right ventricle through the lung tissue. Due to the possibility of cardiovascular accidents, the patient was transferred to a special ward. For positioning and correct actions, TTE and CT scan of the chest with and without contrast were performed and the presence of a tangential needle with the right ventricular wall and inside the pericardium was reported. The patient was taken to the operating room, and after exploring, a 2 cm needle was inserted into the right ventricle and removed. The patient was discharged after 5 days.
Late Retrograde Aortic Dissection after Hybrid Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair (TEVAR): A Case Report
Authors: Boroumand Safieh , Ahmadi-Tafti Seyed Hossein , Davoodi Saeed , Forouzannia Seyed Khalil
Published: July 2021

Open total arch replacement is allied to high rates of mortality and morbidity; surgeons, therefore, tend to choose hybrid aortic arch repair as a less invasive operative procedure for the treatment of aortic arch aneurysms, especially in high-risk patients. However, studies on the early and late outcomes of patients undergoing hybrid aortic arch repair have revealed high rates of reintervention and reoperation compared with open total arch replacement. Here, we describe a male patient with late retrograde aortic dissection after hybrid thoracic endovascular aortic repair for aortic arch aneurysms. The patient returned 3 years after the procedure with signs of dyspnea on exertion and chest pain. Transthoracic echocardiography and computed tomography showed dissection of the ascending aorta, for which he underwent a redo Bentall procedure. The patient was weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass without any problem and discharged after 7 days.
Cryoballoon Atrial Fibrillation Ablation in a Patient with an Atrial Septal Defect Closure Device
Authors: Mokhtari Meisam , Khajali Zahra , Heidarali Mona , Haghjoo Majid
Published: July 2021

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most commonly treated arrhythmia in clinical practice and is often found in association with an atrial septal defect (ASD). However, ASD closure rarely confers complete arrhythmia control. A 23-year-old man presented to our center with frequent episodes of palpitations. AF was documented in 12-lead electrocardiography, and echocardiography showed a secundum-type ASD, 14 mm in size, with a significant left-to-right shunt. ASD closure was performed successfully with an ASD occluder device with no residual shunting. During follow-up, the patient experienced several episodes of AF. Thirteen months after the ASD closure, cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation was done successfully with no complications. During a 12-month follow-up, he had no symptoms or AF recurrences, and echocardiography showed no residual shunting. This study showed that cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation could be performed successfully without residual shunts in patients with ASD closure devices.
Acute External Iliac Artery Occlusion as an Uncommon Complication Encountered during Coronary Angiography
Authors: Çınar Tufan , Asal Suha , Çiçek Vedat , Selçuk Murat , Keskin Muhammed , Orhan Ahmet Lütfullah
Published: July 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
Thrombosis Formation in the Apical Aneurysm of a Patient with Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hosseinsabet Ali
Published: July 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
Alveolar Hemorrhage during Abciximab Infusion
Authors: Koza Yavuzer , Ceyhun Gökhan , Birdal Oğuzhan , Taş Hakan
Published: July 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
GENDER DIFFERENCES WHILE PERFORMING AN EVERYDAY PERCEPTUAL-MOTOR TASK
Authors: Azam Muhammad , Ali Asif , Akbar Saddam , Bashir Marrium , Chung Hyun Chae
Published: July 2021

Purpose of the study: The aim of this paper was to study gender differences regarding their perceptual judgment and movement behavior in the road crossing task.
Methodology: A simulated road crossing environment outside the Human Motor Behavior laboratory (HMBL) was used to examine the individuals’ perceptual-motor behavior. Twenty-four young adults performed the road crossing task in the virtual environment judging whether the available gap was crossable or not crossable and then initiating movement depending on the perceptual information.
Main Findings: Participants’ gap selection revealed that their cross-ability was influenced by vehicle speed, however, female participants made more errors relative to males. In addition, females took longer to cross and made unnecessary adjustments during crossings. The study findings suggest that females’ erroneous perceptual decisions and inconsistent locomotion behavior in road-crossing put them at higher risk relative to their male counterparts.
Application of this study: The findings of this study may apply to developing training programs regarding pedestrian individuals. Training with performing road-crossing tasks may prove to be helpful for refining individuals’ perceptual judgment and movement behavior to minimize chances of accidents in road crossing. Specifically, having experience with the road-crossing task in a virtual environment may reduce the tendency towards risk-taking behavior.
The novelty of this study: Most of the past research regarding pedestrian individuals’ road crossing behavior examined participants’ perceptual judgment (perception) in standing position only or did not analyze movement behavior in the actual walking set up. The approach utilized in our experiment was novel in this regard; individuals can choose to cross a gap and walk wearing a head-mounted display.
THE GENDER-BASED DIFFERENCE IN THE USE OF SPEECH ACTS OF REFUSAL: A STUDY OF THE KHOWAR LANGUAGE
Authors: Saeed Abdul , Karim Shahzad , Hussain Sajid , Hussain Zakir
Published: July 2021

Purpose of the study: Language, culture, and gender affect the ways one refuses an offer, suggestion, request, or invitation. Moreover, what we say and how we say may change the contextual meaning. Therefore, a study was conducted to examine the use of speech acts of refusal by the Khowar language speakers to know whether there is any gender difference. Methodology: The undergraduate level students, aging between 15 and 25, participated in the study. An open-ended questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire contained four hypothetical situations and each situation required the use of speech acts of refusal by the participants. A refusal classification format devised by Beebe (1990) was used to analyse the data. Main Findings: The findings showed that both males and females used almost similar refusal strategies in all four situations. Direct and indirect refusal speech acts with pre-and post-refusal strategies were used in nearly the same quantity. The study also revealed that language, culture, and social status did not play an important role in realising refusal strategies. Application of the study: The study will help linguists, language teachers, and anthropologists to understand the nature of male and female Khowar language speakers. It will also add valuable literature on the use of language and gender differences. The originality of the study: The study is significant being the first of its kind that addressed the gender difference and language use in Khowar language speakers. The study is also vital as it will preserve a minor language spoken in one of the remotest areas of Pakistan.
Treatment Cost Analysis of COVID-19 Inpatients Treated at a University Hospital in Turkey
Authors: BOZDEMİR Enver , BALBAY Öner , TERZİ Melek , KAPLAN Zekeriya
Published: July 2021

Objective: To guide both the hospital management and the health policymakers who play a role in the management process of their disease by analysing the costs of the patients receiving inpatient treatment in Düzce University Health Application and Research Center (Hospital - DUHARH) due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from the perspective of the Social Security Institution (SSI).

Material and Method: The study covers 582 patients who received inpatient treatment in intensive care and other clinics in March/2020-December/2020 due to COVID-19 disease in DUHARH. In the study, all sample unselected populations were included. Retrospectively obtained data were analysed using bottom-up, document analysis, and multivariate regression analysis.

Results: It was determined that 60% of the 582 patients studied were male (350 people), 40% female (232 people) and that the average hospitalization period was 5.7 days, 23% (134 people) in the Pandemic Intensive Care Unit and 77% (448 people) in other pandemic services. The total amount invoiced to SSI by the hospital was 7.378.695,00 TRY ($ 1,052,595). It was determined that 79% of this was the intervention cost and the average daily hospitalization cost per patient was ± 2,099.80 TRY ($ 299.54). Besides, since gender discrimination is male, elderly patients are hospitalized in intensive care. The hospitalization period is P
Features on ECG During Admission May Predict in-hospital Events for COVID-19 Patients
Authors: HARBALIOĞLU Hazar , GENC Omer , ALICI Gökhan , QUİSİ Alaa , YILDIRIM Abdullah
Published: July 2021

Objective: To evaluate the association of ECG features obtained on admission with treating units and in-hospital all-cause mortality in COVID-19 patients.

Methods: A total of 172 consecutive hospitalized patients with COVID-19 diagnosed by detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method between 15 May and 17 June 2020 were enrolled in the study. Laboratory parameters and findings on ECG obtained during admission were recorded. Criteria for hospitalization and intensive care unit (ICU) admission were determined in accordance with interim guidance of the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization. Patients were grouped according to their in-hospital mortality status, survivors and non-surviors and units where patients are treated, intensive care unit and in-patient room.

Results: The median age was significantly higher in the non-survivors group and, in the patients treated in ICU (p
Teachers’ Approaches to Strengthening their Immune Systems during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: KÜÇÜKCERAN Hatice , CİHAN Fatma Gökşin , DAYE Munise
Published: July 2021

Objective: Strengthening the immune system constitutes an important part of struggling with COVID-19. The aim of this study was to evaluate the approaches of the teachers to strengthen their immunity during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey.

Method: This descriptive study was conducted by applying a questionnaire to teachers using social media between 15 June - 15 July 2020.

Results: The median age of all 500 participants was 37 (min: 22, max: 69) years and 76.8% were women. Of the teachers 47.4% stated that they gained weight during COVID-19 pandemic period. Fruit and vegetable consuming (52.8%), praying (36.2%) and sunbathing (26.0%) were the most common methods to strengthen immunity. Of the teachers, 45.2% (n:226) were using supplementary products. The most commonly used supplements are; Vitamin D (17%), vitamin C (14.2%) and multi-vitamin (10.8%). While there was no statistically significant difference between supplementary product usage and income levels (p = 0.839), there was a significant difference with allotting of money for their health (p = 0.001). Of the teachers, 46.2% were confident about their knowledge on immunity strengthening methods and 61.2% stated that they would like to be trained.

Conclusion: Teachers appear to care about their health and apply immunity strengthening methods, though nearly half gained weight during the COVID-19 pandemic. In-service training is essential for the teachers who would constitute good role-models for the society. Lifestyle changes and complementary therapies strengthening immunity may help to come over Covid-19 pandemic with less harm. More studies are needed to investigate the effects of complementary therapies on the immune system.
Cambio climático y competitividad turística en las regiones de Colombia
Authors: Orjuela Martínez Catalina , Bernal Gamba Lizeth Natalia , Cifuentes Castelblanco Danys Camila
Published: July 2021

La amenaza que supone el cambio climático para los ecosistemas y seres humanos en el planeta ha logrado que se establezcan políticas a nivel mundial para evaluar este fenómeno con el objeto de minimizar sus efectos. Los destinos turísticos ya eviden­cian parte de esos cambios en los aspectos de calidad y experiencia de los turistas. Paradójicamente, algunos de los efectos han sido producidos por las mismas acti­vidades turísticas, lo que hace necesario comprender la relación entre el turismo y el cambio climático, así como la capacidad de los destinos de identificarlos y mantener las condiciones físicas y climáticas del terri­torio. Por lo tanto, esta investigación busca analizar, a nivel regional de Colombia, cuál ha sido tanto el impacto del cambio climá­tico en los departamentos como la forma en la que se han implementado estrategias de mitigación que permitan proteger los destinos y, por consiguiente, les posibiliten ser más competitivos frente a otras regiones.
Dinámicas energéticas de los alojamientos turísticos de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina)
Authors: Flensborg Karen Ivana
Published: July 2021

El presente trabajo se adscribe a la situación de los alojamientos turísticos frente a los retos climáticos y energéticos establecidos en el Acuerdo de París (ONU, 2015a) y en la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible (ONU, 2015b). A este contexto de compleji­dad creciente se le suma el actual escenario de pandemia por la covid-19. De este mo­do, se propone como objetivo analizar las dinámicas energéticas de los alojamientos turísticos situados en la Provincia de Bue­nos Aires (Argentina), a fin de identificar los retos y las oportunidades que se pre­sentan para una apropiación eficiente de la energía en pos de contribuir a los objetivos acordados internacionalmente. El estudio es de carácter exploratorio-descriptivo, para el cual se ha adoptado un enfoque cualita­tivo y cuantitativo por medio de un análisis multiescalar. Los resultados muestran la existencia de factores políticos, económi­cos, socioculturales, técnicos y ambientales que actúan como móviles y barreras para la implementación de medidas vinculadas a un uso, un consumo y una producción eficientes de la energía.
Cálculo de las huellas de carbono y ecológica del destino turístico de Puerto Nariño (Amazonas)
Authors: Sandoval Gaviria Daniela , Gutiérrez-Fernández Fernando
Published: July 2021

El turismo es un sector de la economía que creció con fuerza durante el año 2019 a ni­vel internacional, en Colombia y en Puerto Nariño (Amazonas), lo que conlleva un aporte en las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI). El presente estudio calcula la huella de carbono de la parte urbana del municipio de Puerto Nariño teniendo en cuenta las actividades de disposición de residuos urbanos, uso de gas propano y de gases refrigerantes, consumo de energía y de gasolina para motores. Se obtuvieron como resultado 2020,98 t (toneladas) de CO2 eq/año, lo que equivale a una huella ecológica de 3886,5 ha (hectáreas) o 19,43 veces el área de su circunscripción. Por tal razón, el consumo energético es la principal actividad generadora de dióxido de carbono, la segunda es el transporte fluvial.
Proceso urbanizador y clima: causas y consecuencias en el caso de la Región de Murcia (España)
Authors: Millán Escriche Mercedes
Published: July 2021

Se muestran ejemplos del proceso urba­nizador reciente en la Región de Murcia, llevado a cabo entre finales de los noventa del siglo pasado y hasta la crisis de la década siguiente con el propósito de conseguir una funcionalidad turístico-residencial. Así mismo, se cuestiona si dichos desarrollos urbanísticos han sido implementados bajo el criterio de la sostenibilidad o si ha prevale­cido la búsqueda de resultados económicos a corto plazo. Todo ello se pone en relación con los efectos producidos por la climato­logía adversa, que han sido especialmente perjudiciales en espacios con visible expan­sión urbanizadora. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian actuaciones truncadas sobre la base de un impacto ambiental inaceptable y cómo la amplitud urbanizadora ha influido de forma negativa durante los episodios climáticos extraordinarios vividos recien­temente, sobre todo en el entorno del mar Menor (Región de Murcia). Para todo ello se empleó una metodología de tipo cualitativo, observacional, descriptiva e interpretativa sobre un estudio de caso, siempre apoyada en fuentes documentales y estadísticas.
Turismo en tiempo de pandemias. covid-19 en Latinoamérica
Authors: Félix Mendoza Ángel Guillermo , Zepeda Arce Alfonso , Villafuerte Holguín Jhonny Saulo
Published: July 2021

El turismo ha demostrado ser una actividad económica con alto grado de sensibilidad, la pandemia actual lo ha ratificado. Este do­cumento busca aportar a la discusión global con una revisión de literatura e informes técnicos de organismos oficiales del turismo enfocados en Latinoamérica. Se hace uso del método cualitativo analítico-sintético de múltiples pasos para abordar los estudios de caso disponibles, y se sistematizan los informes que publican datos oficiales a nivel regional y global. Se obtiene una revisión de literatura especializada que articula los subtemas pandemias, resiliencia y modelos de gestión de crisis en turismo. Se añade una compilación sobre las acciones promovidas por los organismos mundiales directamente involucrados y los gobiernos de la región. Las principales afectaciones de la pande­mia no solo están vinculadas a los efectos socioeconómicos en el turismo mundial y latinoamericano, sino que también causan efectos en el comportamiento psicológico y en las preferencias del turista pos-covid-19.
Efectos del coronavirus en el sector turismo en Chile
Authors: Rivas Ortega Humberto , Grande Villa Francisco , Cooper Carrasco Christopher , Hidalgo del Canto Manuel Andrés , Astudillo Riveros Benjamín Ignacio , Cervantes Ponce Diego
Published: July 2021

En los últimos años, el desarrollo del tu­rismo en el mundo había registrado una favorable evolución tanto en las llegadas de turistas como en los ingresos, el empleo y la diversificación de la oferta hotelera, entre otros indicadores. En el caso de Chi­le, el año 2019 había sido escenario de un estallido social, cuyos efectos en el turismo habían ocasionado una brusca reducción de las llegadas de turistas internacionales y generado una sensación de inseguridad para los viajes internos. En este contexto, las autoridades y los empresarios del sec­tor turismo se preparaban para asumir el desafío de impulsar una intensa campaña de promoción orientada a recuperar la de­manda. Los objetivos de este artículo son analizar el escenario que enfrenta el sector turismo en Chile a partir de la situación ocasionada por el coronavirus e identificar algunos desafíos claves que deberá afrontar el sector para superarlo, considerando los factores que desencadenaron el conflicto social. Para analizar la evolución de la situación en Chile durante los primeros meses del año 2020, se aplicó una metodología descriptiva. En una segunda etapa se aplicó el método EPA (Events Protest Analysis) para analizar publicaciones de prensa al respecto.  En cuanto al impacto visible de la pande­mia, se registró una caída del 99,7 % en las llegadas de turistas con respecto a agosto de 2019 y de un 45,2 % en el empleo de personal de los servicios de alojamiento y comidas en comparación con el mismo mes de 2019 (Subsecretaría de Turismo, 2020a). En los destinos turísticos se observaron acciones de protesta colectiva —inéditas en el país— que daban cuenta del rechazo de las comunidades locales a la creciente presencia de visitantes en localidades que registraban pocos casos de coronavirus.  Esta situación presentó un complejo desafío para los destinos turísticos y demandará nuevos esfuerzos de investigación en el sector turismo para generar conocimientos e instrumentos de planificación que con­tribuyan a enfrentar crisis cada vez más frecuentes.
Análisis de las estrategias generadas para el sector hotelero de Colombia para superar la crisis por la covid-19 durante la fase de pandemia
Authors: Díaz Soto Carlos Manuel
Published: July 2021

La covid-19 es una enfermedad producida por el virus sars-CoV-2, declarada pan­demia por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) el 11 de marzo de 2020. Debido a la gran cantidad de contagios en diferentes países del mundo, se empezaron a declarar cuarentenas nacionales, razón por la cual la industria más afectada fue la turística y hotelera. En el presente artículo se reco­pilan las diferentes medidas tomadas por organismos internacionales, el Gobierno colombiano y el mismo sector hotelero para afrontar la crisis del sector. Para concluir, se analizará si las medidas decretadas han sido las correctas para apoyar la hotelería durante las fases de cuarentena y posterior a esta.
Acciones para la comercialización de los productos de las agencias de viajes que integran la osde Viajes Cuba en el escenario pos-covid-19
Authors: Hernández Flores Yoan , Rodríguez González Maité , Sánchez Borges Yennifer , Saldiña Silvera Bismario
Published: July 2021

La presente investigación surgió ante la ne­cesidad de realizar estudios para reformular los modos de actuación de las agencias de viajes que integran la Osde Viajes Cuba luego de la pandemia generada por el virus sars-CoV-2, en una posible etapa de recu­peración. Por ello, se propone como objetivo general elaborar una propuesta de acciones para la comercialización de los productos de sus agencias en el escenario pos-covid-19. El procedimiento metodológico consta de cuatro etapas. Se utilizaron los métodos teórico e histórico o tendencial, la revisión bibliográfica, la encuesta Delphi, la matriz de evaluación de factores internos y la tor­menta de ideas como principales técnicas e instrumentos metodológicos. Los prin­cipales resultados fueron la identificación de los posibles cambios en la demanda y la oferta en el escenario pos-covid-19, así como la propuesta de acciones para la comercialización de los productos de las agencias de viajes.
Factors influencing the intention to adopt a pro- environmental behavior by tourist operators of a Mexican national marine park
Authors: García Mejías Miguel Vicente , Arroyo-Arcos Lucinda , Segrado-Pavón Romano Gino , De Marez Lieven , Ponnet Koen
Published: July 2021

Los operadores turísticos pueden contribuir a la conservación del ambiente en áreas marinas protegidas por medio de mensa­jes relacionados con el comportamiento esperado por parte del visitante, así mismo, mencionando los posibles impactos de sus acciones en el ambiente marino, pero, sobre todo, presentando un comportamiento eco­lógico. A pesar de la importancia que tiene el comportamiento proambiental en la pro­tección del ambiente, existen pocos estudios que expliquen la formación de este compor­tamiento en los operadores turísticos. El presente estudio investiga los factores que influyen en la intención de los operadores turísticos del parque nacional “Arrecife de Puerto Morelos” de comportarse de una manera más proambiental. Se aplicó la teoría del comportamiento planeado para evaluar si las actitudes, las normas subjetivas y el control de compor­tamiento percibido predecían la intención de comportamiento proambiental de los operadores turísticos. Se recolectaron datos cuantitativos de una muestra de 165 infor­mantes; los datos se analizaron mediante el modelado de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM). Los resultados revelaron que la variable más importante es el control de comportamiento percibido, seguida de las normas subjetivas. Contrario a lo esperado, las actitudes no se asociaron de manera significativa con la intención de comportamiento proambiental de los operadores turísticos. Finalmente, con base en los resultados, se presentan estrategias para contribuir a una mejora en el comportamiento proambiental de los operadores turísticos.
Ecoturismo sostenible: benchmarking del caso de Costa Rica para impulsar el turismo en Colombia
Authors: Gutiérrez Quiroga Laura Giselle , Castro Casallas Eliana Lizeth , Largacha-Martínez Carlos
Published: July 2021

El ecoturismo es uno de los sectores que más ha crecido durante los últimos años a nivel global. En América Latina, hay dos países que son potencia en este tema: Costa Rica y Colombia. En el caso de Costa Rica, es líder en el ecoturismo no solo a nivel latinoamericano, sino que se ha distinguido por ser potencia en este sector gracias al desarrollo y crecimiento que ha generado. Por otro lado, Colombia se ha caracterizado por su posición geográfica y por contar con una gran variedad de flora y fauna, de modo que le ofrece al turista, ya sea nacional o internacional, nuevas alternativas y expe­riencias de viaje. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, se realizó un benchmarking entre estos dos países con el fin de analizar si es posible tomar la experiencia de Costa Rica e implementarla en Colombia. Se realizó ade­más un análisis de ponderación simple de las variables estratégicas más importantes para el éxito de Costa Rica, y se concluyó con tres variables claves para el ecoturismo: economía, política y lugares ecoturísticos. Para cada una de estas variables, se hizo además un análisis cuantitativo con el fin de estudiar los datos estadísticos que lleven a entender estos elementos y, así mismo, a identificar las oportunidades de negocio. Fi­nalmente, para legitimar los resultados del benchmarking, se realizó una investigación cualitativa con empresas, proyectos y per­sonas expertas en ecoturismo en Colombia.
Línea base de sostenibilidad turística en municipios con menores ingresos y población de Colombia
Authors: Garzón Vásquez David Esteban , Toloza Villegas Jenny Alejandra
Published: July 2021

El turismo se ha posicionado como un servicio primordial en la generación de empleo y divisas en Colombia, no obstante, se desconoce su grado de sostenibilidad, particularmente en destinos turísticos no tradicionales. Durante 2018 y 2019, se ela­boró una línea base que provee información agregada de 18 departamentos del país sobre la base de un conjunto de indicadores que evalúa en 5 pilares del turismo sostenible el desempeño de los municipios con me­nos población e ingresos (WTO, 2013). Los resultados muestran una valoración global intermedia baja (2,36/5). Se requiere mejo­ramiento y se debe considerar apoyo para monitorear y comparar el desempeño poste­rior en gobernanza, competitividad, capital humano, inclusión social y sostenibilidad del patrimonio. Se señalan posibles accio­nes desde la literatura internacional, las cuales articulan estrategias oportunas para el desarrollo sostenible del turismo local.