bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Haematological Profiles of High Fat Diet Mice Model with Moringa oleifera Leaves Ethanol Extract Treatment
Authors: Alia Fenty , Rizky A. A Syamsunarno Mas , Ayu Sumirat Vanessa , Ghozali Mohammad , Atik Nur
Published: January 2020

Characteristics of obesity as dysfunction of adipose tissue and chronic low-grade inflammation can have impacts to haematological parameters. The Moringa oleifera leaves have been used empirically to treat metabolic and blood-related diseases. However, it is still unknown whether Moringa oleifera leaves can influence haematological parameters in high fat diet. The study aimed to investigate the hematological parameter of high-fat diet mice in parallel with Moringa oleifera leaves ethanol extract (MOLE). Forty male DDY mice in 5 weeks of age were randomly divided into five groups as follows: The SD group was fed with a standard diet, the HFD group was fed with high fat diet, the HFD+S group was fed with high-fat diet and simvastatin (0,8 mg/20gBW/day). The HFD+MOLE1 and the HFD+MOLE2 groups were fed with high-fat diet and MOLE in a dose of 5,6 mg/20gBW/day and 11,2 mg/20gBW/day, respectively. The experiment was performed for 7 weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood was drawn for haematology analysis of blood parameters. We found that sub-chronic high fat diet might alter the haematological parameters. Two different doses of MOLE might have potencies to prevent the worsening caused by those alterations, by increased of haemoglobin [12,9(10,4-15,3) vs 13,9(12,9-18,2) and 14(10,2-14,8), p>0,05)], slight decreased of WBC [(3,59±1,974) vs (3,433±1,747) and (3,42±1,014), p>0,05]. Additionally, the MOLE might have an effect to decreasing the granulocyte percentage [18,5(9,2-43,6) vs 11,5(7,6-18,2) and 8,05(3,2-25,1), p>0,05], and slight decreased of MPV [4,2(2,6-6,7) vs 3,6(3,2-4,1) and 3,55(2,6-6,8), p>0,05]. In summary, the study showed that MOLE might have potencies to prevent the worsening of hematological parameters in the sub-chronic high fat diet.
Modification Bentonite Using Fe(III) and Its Application as Adsorbent for Phenol
Authors: Said Muhammad , Rizki Widya Twiny , Purwaningrum Widia , Rachmat Addy , Ferlinahayati Ferlinahayati , Hariani Poedji Loekitowati
Published: January 2020

Modification of bentonite material using doping Fe(III) was conducted. The purpose of this study is to increase the capacity and effectiveness of bentonite adsorption. The characterization of material was carried out using XRD, XRF, BET and FTIR spectrophotometers. The material produced were used as an adsorbent of phenol in an aqueous medium. The result of characterization material using XRD analysis was showed the difference between unmodified bentonite and modified bentonite, it is indicated from a shift of diffraction peak at 3-10°. The result of XRF analysis was showed the increasing of the iron element on doped bentonite, from 21.3 to 59.11%. The result of BET analysis was showed isotherm adsorption fitted to type IV, which indicates bentonite has a mesoporous type with a size 5-50 nm and natural bentonite has a smaller pore size than activated and doped bentonite. From the FTIR spectrum, there is no chemical interaction between adsorbent and adsorbate. The adsorption rate was fitted to pseudo-first-order. The maximum capacity of phenol adsorption at 60 minutes for controlled was 7.186% and for doped bentonite was 16.4651%. Thermodynamics study explained that the adsorption process occurred spontaneously. It can be concluded that modification bentonite use doping Fe(III) can enhance its ability to adsorbed phenol.
Convolutional neural network-based approach to estimate bulk optical properties in diffuse optical tomography
Authors: Sabir Sohail , Cho Sanghoon , Kim Yejin , Pua Rizza , Heo Duchang , Kim Kee Hyun , Choi Youngwook , Cho Seungryong
Published: January 2020

Deep learning has been actively investigated for various applications such as image classification, computer vision, and regression tasks, and it has shown state-of-the-art performance. In diffuse optical tomography (DOT), the accurate estimation of the bulk optical properties of a medium is paramount because it directly affects the overall image quality. In this work, we exploit deep learning to propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, convolutional neural network (CNN)-based approach to estimate the bulk optical properties of a highly scattering medium such as biological tissue in DOT. We validated the proposed method by using experimental, as well as, simulated data. For performance assessment, we compared the results of the proposed method with those of existing approaches. The results demonstrate that the proposed CNN-based approach for bulk optical property estimation outperforms existing methods in terms of estimation accuracy, with lower computation time.
Towards high-optical-strength, fluorine-resistant coatings for intracavity KrF laser optics
Authors: Zvorykin Vladimir , Gaynutdinov Radmir , Isaev Mikhail , Stavrovskii Dmitry , Ustinovskii Nikolai
Published: January 2020

Intracavity optics of e-beam-pumped high-energy KrF lasers should survive in a hostile environment of simultaneous irradiation by intensive UV laser light, scattered electrons, bremsstrahlung X-ray radiation, and permanent etching by a fluorine-containing working gas mixture. The present paper is focused on the research and development of high-optical-strength and fluorine-resistant AR coatings capable of protecting the fused silica windows and HR rare mirrors of these lasers against fluorine attack. The most promising coatings deposited by e-beam evaporation were

N
d
F

3

-based compositions, which have low water content, good resistance to fluorine, and demonstrated the highest damage thresholds for AR coatings

29.8

J

/

c
m

2

in a large irradiation spot. Outstanding “water-free” coatings of

M
g
F

2

and

A
l

2

O

3

were deposited by

C
O

2

laser evaporation with preliminary laser treatment of substrates.
Laser speckle correlation technique application for study of aluminum nanopowder combustion
Authors: Li L. , Mostovshchikov A. V. , Ilyin A. P. , Sytnik I. D. , Gubarev F. A.
Published: January 2020

This paper presents the results of application of the laser speckle correlation (LSC) technique for studying the combustion process of aluminum-based nanopowders. For assessing the results, a combined experimental scheme is proposed with simultaneous application of LSC analyses and another feasible method of nanopowder combustion study, i.e., laser monitoring. In this paper, we present the principle of using the LSC technique to characterize the surface changes of nanopowder during combustion. Calculating the correlation coefficient of image sequencing, it is possible to estimate the time parameters of combustion of aluminum nanopowder and an aluminum mixture with iron nanopowder. Comparing the results obtained with the LSC method and laser monitoring, we conclude that LSC is quite acceptable for investigating the combustion process of metal nanopowders. In contrast with laser monitoring, the LSC method allows us to determine the preheating period preceding the first combustion wave. In practice, the LSC method application for nanopowder combustion control is prospective because of the simple hardware implementation.
Hybrid plasmonic grating slot waveguide with high field enhancement for an on-chip surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensor
Authors: Li Shiyu , Xia Li , Yang Zhao , Zhou Minghui , Zhao Benyang , Li Wei
Published: January 2020

We design and theoretically investigate a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor based on the hybrid plasmonic grating slot waveguide. The sensor is formed by combining a dielectric deep slot waveguide and a metallic grating slot waveguide. The proposed sensor exhibits a high field enhancement with a maximum enhancement factor of 7580.9 at the wavelength of 785 nm, revealing that the electric field in such hybrid plasmonic grating slot waveguide can be extremely strengthened. To better characterize the performance of the sensor in the SERS application, the total normalized volumetric enhancement factor (TNVEF) is proposed, which is determined by both the

|

E

|

4

-approximation-based volumetric field enhancement and Raman scattered light collection efficiency. The TNVEF is utilized to characterize the influences of the structural parameters on the sensor and further optimize the sensing structure. Such on-chip SERS sensor can be integrated with a micro-laser and a micro-multiplexer on a photonic platform to realize an all-integrated on-chip SERS detection system.
Efficient depth recovering method free from projector errors by use of pixel cross-ratio invariance in fringe projection profilometry
Authors: Zhu Huijie , Xing Shuo , Guo Hongwei
Published: January 2020

In fringe projection profilometry, errors related to projectors are not easy to compensate for, as a projector is much more difficult to calibrate than a camera. Immune to projector errors, the depth recovering method based on pixel cross-ratio invariance enables circumventing this issue by calculating the depth of a point from the shift of its camera pixel instead of from its fringe phase. With this existing technique, however, one has to search three reference phase maps along epipolar lines for pixels having the same phases. Doing so increases the measurement time significantly. To improve measurement efficiency, this paper derives, from the pixel cross-ratio invariance, a generic function representing the relationship between the depths and the corresponding pixel shifts and suggests a calibration method for determining its coefficient matrices. Using this function allows us to recover object depths just by searching a single reference phase map, thus reducing the time duration for data processing to about one-third. Besides, different from the previous method, which depends on exactly three reference phase maps, the proposed method calculates the function coefficients from more reference phase maps in the least-squares sense and denoises the benchmark reference phases by use of averaging technique, thus improving measurement accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate this method to be effective in improving measurement accuracy and efficiency.
GPU-accelerated 3D volumetric X-ray-induced acoustic computed tomography
Authors: Lee Donghyun , Park Eun-Yeong , Choi Seongwook , Kim Hyeongsub , Min Jung-joon , Lee Changho , Kim Chulhong
Published: January 2020

X-ray acoustic imaging is a hybrid biomedical imaging technique that can acoustically monitor X-ray absorption distribution in biological tissues through the X-ray induced acoustic effect. In this study, we developed a 3D volumetric X-ray-induced acoustic computed tomography (XACT) system with a portable pulsed X-ray source and an arc-shaped ultrasound array transducer. 3D volumetric XACT images are reconstructed via the back-projection algorithm, accelerated by a custom-developed graphics processing unit (GPU) software. Compared with a CPU-based software, the GPU software reconstructs an image over 40 times faster. We have successfully acquired 3D volumetric XACT images of various lead targets, and this work shows that the 3D volumetric XACT system can monitor a high-resolution X-ray dose distribution and image X-ray absorbing structures inside biological tissues.
Performance analysis of quantum key distribution in underwater turbulence channels
Authors: Fahim Raouf Amir Hossein , Safari Majid , Uysal Murat
Published: January 2020

The current literature on quantum key distribution is limited mainly to transmissions over fiber optic, atmospheric, or satellite links and is not directly applicable to underwater environments with different channel characteristics. In this paper, we analyze the quantum bit error rate (QBER) and secret key rate (SKR) performance of the well-known BB84 protocol in underwater channels. As a path loss model, we consider a modified version of the Beer–Lambert formula, which takes into account the effect of scattering. We derive a closed-form expression for the wave structure function to determine the average power transfer over a turbulent underwater path and use this to obtain an upper bound on QBER as well as a lower bound on SKR. Based on the derived bounds, we present the performance of the BB84 protocol in different water types including clear, coastal, and turbid and under different atmospheric conditions such as clear, hazy, and overcast. We further investigate the effect of system parameters such as aperture size and detector field of view on QBER and SKR performance metrics.
Gap solitons in parity-time-symmetric lattices with fractional-order diffraction
Authors: Li Lei , Li Hua-Gang , Ruan Wen , Leng Feng-Chun , Luo Xiao-Bing
Published: January 2020

We investigate new types of gap solitons in a periodic parity-time (PT)-symmetric lattice with fractional-order diffraction. Both the fundamental and dipole solitons in the first and second gaps are discussed. It is found that fractional-order diffraction can not only stabilize low-power dipole PT solitons in the first gap under focusing nonlinearity, but also help to get stable dipole PT solitons in the second gap under defocusing nonlinearity. Additionally, the influence of the strength

w
i

of the gain–loss component on the properties of solitons is also analyzed. It is shown that increasing

w
i

is unfavorable to the stability of fractional fundamental solitons, especially for the second gap, while for fractional dipole solitons, the increase of

w
i

may lead to their destabilization in the first gap, but stabilization in the second gap.
Plasmonic-enhanced microcrystalline silicon solar cells
Authors: Kumawat Uttam K. , Kumar Kamal , Mishra Sumakesh , Dhawan Anuj
Published: January 2020

This paper describes the enhanced performance of the microcrystalline silicon (µc-Si) thin-film solar cells due to the incorporation of plasmonic nanostructures. Finite-difference time-domain numerical modeling is used to calculate the optical properties of the solar cells such as the absorption and the short-circuit current density (

J

s
c

). In this paper, two-dimensional(2D) periodic arrays of various geometries of plasmonic nanostructures such as nano-rings, nano-discs, nano-hemispheres, and nano-cubes are employed on the back side of the solar cells to increase the absorption for the longer wavelengths of the incident light, where most of the photons remain unharvested due to extremely low absorption coefficients of µc-Si material. These plasmonic nanostructures are compared in terms of solar cell performance, and it is found that the 2D periodic arrays of nano-rings show significant absorption enhancement at multiple wavelengths, thereby leading to a substantial enhancement in the

J

s
c

. An enhancement of 35% in the

J

s
c

is obtained when a 2D periodic array of plasmonic nano-rings is present on the back side of the solar cell, which is higher than that of the µc-Si solar cells having arrays of plasmonic nanostructures of other geometries (i.e., nano-discs, nano-cubes, nano-hemispheres). It is observed that the enhancement in the absorption is attributed to the enhanced electromagnetic fields in the active layer due to several localized surface plasmon modes that are excited in the plasmonic nanostructures at different wavelengths. Moreover, the effect of the thickness of the spacer layer (the layer between the metal back-reflector and plasmonic nanostructure arrays) on the performance of different plasmonic solar cells is examined.
Picosecond synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator based on chirped quasi-phase matching
Authors: Walter Guillaume , Descloux Delphine , Dherbecourt Jean-Baptiste , Melkonian Jean-Michel , Raybaut Myriam , Drag Cyril , Godard Antoine
Published: January 2020

We investigate and model a picosecond synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on an aperiodically poled lithium niobate (APPLN) nonlinear crystal with a chirped quasi-phase matching (QPM) grating. We observe remarkable spectral features with an asymmetric OPO spectrum consisting of a main peak with lower sidelobes. Depending on the sign of the QPM chirp rate, the sidelobes are located either on the red or on the blue side of the main peak. Meanwhile, sidebands develop in the depleted pump spectrum. We attribute these features to cascaded sum-/difference-frequency generation processes, which are quasi-phase matched at different positions in the APPLN crystal. A terahertz-generation cascading effect is also observed and characterized at high pump power.
Generation of lossy mode resonances with different nanocoatings deposited on coverslips
Authors: Fuentes Omar , Goicoechea Javier , Corres Jesus M. , Villar Ignacio Del , Ozcariz Aritz , Matias Ignacio R.
Published: January 2020

The generation of lossy mode resonances (LMRs) with a setup based on lateral incidence of light in coverslips is a simple platform that can be used for sensing. Here the versatility of this platform is proved by studying the deposition of different coating materials. The devices were characterized with both SEM and AFM microscopy, as well as ellipsometry, which allowed obtaining the main parameters of the coatings (thickness, refractive index and extinction coefficient) and relating them with the different sensitivities to refractive index attained with each material. In this way it was possible to confirm and complete the basic rules observed with lossy mode resonance based optical fiber sensors towards the design of simpler and more compact applications in domains such as chemical sensors or biosensors.
High-energy parametric amplification of spectrally incoherent broadband pulses
Authors: Dorrer C. , Hill E. M. , Zuegel J. D.
Published: January 2020

We study and demonstrate the efficient parametric amplification of spectrally incoherent broadband nanosecond pulses to high energies. Signals composed of mutually incoherent monochromatic lines or amplified spontaneous emission are amplified in a sequence of optical parametric amplifiers pumped at 526.5 nm, with the last amplifier set in a collinear geometry. This configuration results in 70% conversion efficiency from the pump to the combined signal and idler, with a combined energy reaching 400 mJ and an optical spectrum extending over 60 nm around 1053 nm. The spatial, spectral, and temporal properties of the amplified waves are investigated. The demonstrated high conversion efficiency, spectral incoherence, and large bandwidth open the way to a new generation of high-energy, solid-state laser drivers that mitigate laser–plasma instabilities and laser-beam imprint via enhanced spectral bandwidth.
Acetylene-based frequency stabilization of a laser system for potassium laser cooling.
Authors: Cherfan Charbel , Manai Isam , Zemmouri Samir , Garreau Jean-Claude , Clément Jean-François , Szriftgiser Pascal , Chicireanu Radu
Published: January 2020

We demonstrate a laser frequency stabilization technique for laser cooling of potassium atoms, based on saturated absorption spectroscopy in the C-Band optical telecommunication window, using ro-vibrational transitions of the acetylene molecule (12C2H2). We identified and characterized several molecular lines, which allow to address each of the potassium D2 (767 nm) and D1 (770 nm) cooling transitions, thanks to a high-power second harmonic generation (SHG) stage. We successfully used this laser system to cool the 41K isotope of potassium in a 2D-3D Magneto-Optical Traps setup.
Tunable electromagnetically induced transparency based on graphene metamaterials
Authors: Xiao Binggang , Tong Shengjun , Fyffe Alexander , Shi Zhimin
Published: January 2020

In this paper we propose a graphene-based metasurface structure that can exhibit tunable electromagnetically-induced-transparency-like (EIT) spectral response at mid-infrared frequencies. The metasurface structure is composed of two subwavelength mono-layer graphene nano-disks coupled with a mono-layer graphene nano-strip. We show that the coupling of the nano-disks’ dipole resonance with the quadrupole resonance of the nano-strip can create two split resonances with a transparency window in between at any desired center frequency within a wide frequency range. We show that such an EIT-like response can also be dynamically shifted in frequency by adjusting the Fermi-level of the graphene through external voltage control, which provides convenient post-fabrication tunability. In addition, the performance of such a metastructure for sensing the refractive index of the surrounding medium is analyzed. The simulation results show that its sensitivity can reach 3016.7 nm/(RIU) with a FOM exceeding 12.0. Lastly, we present an analysis of the slow light characteristics of the proposed device, where the group index can reach as large as 200. Our design provides a new miniaturized sensing platform that can facilitate the development of biochemical molecules testing, etc.
Dual-band tunable narrowband near-infrared light trapping control based on a hybrid grating-based Fabry–Perot structure
Authors: Zhou Kun , Cheng Qiang , Lu Lu , Li Bowen , Song Jinlin , Luo Zixue
Published: January 2020

A hybrid grating-based Fabry–Perot structure is proposed to investigate light manipulation in the near-infrared wavelength region. It is found that the electromagnetic energy can be easily trapped in different parts of the system at different polarization states. For TM polarization, numerical results show that two remarkable narrowband absorptance peaks appear owing to the excitation of critical coupling with guided mode resonance and Fabry–Perot resonance. While for TE polarization, only one narrowband absorptance peak is generated because only Fabry–Perot resonance is excited. The near-infrared spectral selectivity of the system can be tuned by changing the geometrical parameters. In addition, the spectral absorptance of the system can be optimized by applying gate voltage on graphene sheet to change graphene chemical potential. This valuable dual-band tunable narrowband absorber is a potential application for high-performance optoelectronic devices.
Strong-field double ionization dynamics of vibrating HeH+ versus HeT+
Authors: Wang Shang , Xu Ruihua , Li Weiyan , Liu Xun , Li Wei , Xin Guoguo , Chen Yanjun
Published: January 2020

We study double ionization (DI) dynamics of vibrating HeH+ versus its isotopic variant HeT+ in strong laser fields numerically. Our simulations show that for both cases, these two electrons in DI prefer to release together along the H(T) side. At the same time, however, the single ionization (SI) is preferred when the first electron escapes along the He side. This potential mechanism is attributed to the interplay of the rescattering of the first electron and the Coulomb induced large ionization time lag. On the other hand, the nuclear motion increases the contributions of these two electrons releasing together along the He side. This effect differentiates DI of HeH+ from HeT+.
Far-infrared properties of cyclic olefin copolymer
Authors: Wollack Edward J. , Denis Kevin L. , Barlis Alyssa , Chang Meng-Ping , Kutyrev Alexander S. , Miller Kevin H. , Nagler Peter C.
Published: January 2020

Cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) is an amorphous thermoplastic with desirable dielectric and mechanical characteristics for optical applications. In particular, its low refractive index, overall mechanical strength, and absence of strong absorption features make it a promising substrate material for far-infrared applications, which include frequency-selective surfaces, scattering filters, and windows. The dielectric properties of selected COC formulations are surveyed from

≈
10
−
700

c
m

−
1

(

1000
−
14

µ

m

), and representative usage as a thin film membrane structure in optical filters is presented.
Real-time monitoring of adaptive lenses with high tuning range and multiple degrees of freedom
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Philipp Katrin , Koukourakis Nektarios , Czarske Jürgen W.
Published: January 2020

Adaptive lenses offer fast and flexible scans without mechanical movement. However, driving the lens to achieve the desired behavior is challenging and requires online monitoring. The demand for monitoring techniques can be high when lenses with large tuning ranges or multiple degrees of freedom are employed. We analyze the performance of a partitioned aperture wavefront (PAW) as a tool for in situ and in-process monitoring of adaptive lenses. PAW has the advantage of enabling measurements of large input wavefront angles and thus high-tuning-range lenses with just a single beam path. PAW is used to characterize an adaptive lens with a high tuning range of

±
20

d
p
t

and for controlling the behavior of a novel adaptive lens with two actuators that allow for the tuning of focal length and spherical aberrations simultaneously.
Interconversion of orbital and spin angular momenta of light beams in the sum-frequency generation process from the surface of the isotropic chiral medium
Authors: Grigoriev K. S. , Diukov V. A. , Makarov V. A.
Published: January 2020

We study the interaction between spin and orbital components of the angular momentum of electromagnetic waves in the sum-frequency generation process on a surface of the nonlinear isotropic chiral medium within undepleted pump approximation. Both bulk and near-surface responses of the medium are taken into account. Classical and quantum explanations of particular features of three-wave mixing on the surface of a nonlinear medium are presented.
Load characteristic analysis of a double-side internal coreless stator axial flux PMG
Authors: Wirtayasa Ketut , Irasari Pudji , Kasim Muhammad , Widiyanto Puji , Hikmawan Muhammad Fathul
Published: January 2020

The main issue of using a permanent magnet in electric machines is the presence of cogging torque. Several methods have been introduced to eliminate it, one of which is by employing a coreless stator. In this paper, the load characteristic analysis of the double-side internal coreless stator axial flux permanent magnet generator with the specification of 1 kW, 220 V, 50 Hz, 300 rpm and 1 phase is discussed. The purpose is to learn the effect of the load to the generator performance, particularly the output power, efficiency and voltage regulation. The design and analysis are conducted analytically and numerically with two types of simulated loads, pure resistive and resistive-inductive in series. Each type of load provides power factor 1 and 0.85 respectively. The simulation results show that when loaded with resistive load, the generator gives a better performance at the output power (1,241 W) and efficiency (91 %), whereas a better voltage regulator (5.86 %) is achieved when it is loaded with impedance. Since the difference in the value of each parameter being compared is relatively small, it can be concluded that the generator represents good performance in both loads.
Improved FMCW Radar System for Multi-Target Detection of Human Respiration Vital Sign
Authors: Pratiwi Hana , Hidayat Mujib R. , Pramudita A. A. , Suratman Fiky Y.
Published: January 2020

Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar system has been developed and applied for various needs. Based on the conventional FMCW radar concept, a large bandwidth is needed to detect small displacements in the chest wall or abdomen related with respiratory activity. To overcome the need for large bandwidths in detecting vital respiratory signs, several improvements to the FMCW system are proposed in this paper. The phase-detection concept has been elaborated in improving the capability of FMCW to detect the small displacement. In developing multi-target detection capability, range detection capability through beat frequency output needs to be combined with the phase-detection method. Theoretical and simulation studies were performed to investigate the concept of combining range detection and phase detection for detecting respiration on multi-target. The results show that the proposed method is well-performed in detecting the multi-target respiration in high noise reflection.
Cord blood bilirubin, albumin, and bilirubin /albumin ratio for predicting subsequent neonatal hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Bhat Jehangir Allam , Sheikh Sajad Ahmad , Ara Roshan
Published: January 2020

Background Early discharge of healthy term newborns after delivery has become a common practice, because of medical and social reasons, as well as economic constraints. Thus, the recognition, follow-up, and early treatment of jaundice has become more difficult as a result of early discharge from the hospital. Since the dreaded complication of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is kernicterus, an investigation which can predict the future onset of neonatal pathological jaundice is needed.

Objective To investigate the predictability of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia by using cord blood bilirubin, albumin and bilirubin/albumin ratio.

Methods This study was conducted on 300 healthy newborns. Umbilical cord blood was used to measure albumin and bilirubin. All infants were regularly followed up to 5th day of life. Neonates were divided into two groups: group A was consisted of neonates who developed jaundice which was in physiological range, while group B was consisted of neonates who developed neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (requiring phototherapy or other modality of treatment). Babies suspected to have bilirubin level which cross physiological limit on any day after birth were subjected to serum bilirubin measurement. Infants whose serum bilirubin level measurement revealed bilirubin levels crossing physiological values were sent to nursery for phototherapy.

Results The incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia was 11%. Statistically significant correlations between cord blood bilirubin, albumin, and bilirubin/albumin ratio to the development of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were observed. On ROC analysis, cut-off points to predict significant hyperbilirubinemia in newborn were cord blood bilirubin >3 mg/dL (sensitivity 60.61%, specificity 97.63%), albumin <2.4 mg/dL (sensitivity 78.79%, specificity 98.13%), cord blood bilirubin/albumin ratio >0.98  (sensitivity 78.79%, specificity 95.51%).

Conclusion Cord blood total bilirubin, albumin. and bilirubin/albumin ratio are excellent parameters to predict the occurrence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. However, cord blood albumin is better compared to cord blood bilirubin and bilirubin/albumin ratio.
Clinicopathologic and molecular profiles of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy
Authors: Dwianingsih Ery Kus , Insani Meydita Fuzia Putri , Pratiwi Linda , Widodo Irianiwati , Malueka Rusdy Ghazali
Published: January 2020

Background Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) are allelic X-linked recessive diseases caused by mutations in the dystrophin (DMD) gene. To our knowledge, molecular analysis to differentiate between DMD and BMD has never been performed in Indonesia.

Objective To elaborate the clinicopathologic and molecular profiles of DMD/BMD patients in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Methods Eighteen muscle biopsy specimens of patients clinically suspected to have DMD/BMD were collected. Possible associations of clinical manifestations, histopathological grading, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) results were analyzed. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to identify mutations in exon 52.

Results. Positive Gower’s sign and high serum creatine kinase (CK) were observed in most patients. The IHC of dystrophin in two female patients suggested that they were manifesting carriers. Of the 16 male patients, 12 showed negative IHC staining, indicating DMD, while 4 patients demonstrated weak expression of dystrophin, indicating BMD. There was a significant association between high CK level and IHC results (P=0.005), indicating higher CK level in DMD patients. Histopathological grading of muscle biopsy was significantly associated with diagnosis of DMD/BMD using IHC (P=0.01), showing more severe tissue damage in DMD patients. None of the subjects had the single exon 52 deletion.

Conclusion This is the first report of a clinicopathologic and molecular profile of DMD/BMD in an Indonesian population. Serum CK level and histopathological grading of muscle biopsy are useful in distinguishing DMD from BMD in settings where an IHC assay is not available.
Growth and developmental delay risk factors among under-five children in an inner-city slum area
Authors: Gunardi Hartono , Nugraheni Resyana P. , Yulman Annisa R. , Soedjatmiko Soedjatmiko , Sekartini Rini , Medise Bernie E. , Wirahmadi Angga , Melina Elizabeth
Published: January 2020

Background Growth and developmental delays are common among children under the age of five years (under-five children), especially in slum areas. Early detection and intervention may give better prognoses.

Objective To detect growth and developmental delays and related risk factors among under-five children living in an inner-city slum area of the Indonesian capital.

Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from October to November 2018 in Tanah Tinggi, Johar Baru District, an inner-city slum area in Central Jakarta. Subjects were healthy children aged 3–60 months. Socioeconomic profile was obtained through questionnaires, anthropometric data through measurements, and developmental status through the Kuesioner Pra Skrining Perkembangan (KPSP) instrument. Development was considered to be delayed for KPSP scores <9. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test.

Results Of 211 subjects, prevalence of underweight, stunting, and wasting were 35.1%, 28.0%, and 20.9%, respectively, meanwhile low maternal education, and low family income were 57.9% and 75%. The prevalence of developmental delay was 10%, while suspected developmental delay was 26.1%. The prevalence increased from age 21 months and peaked at 36 months. Associated risk factors were low maternal education, low family income, underweight weight-for-age, stunted height-for-age, and microcephalic head circumference-for-age.

Conclusion Low education and low income were significant risk factors for growth and developmental delay.
أثر التعلم المدمج في تنمية بعض المهارات التقنية لدى الطلاب
Authors: Hassan Shnow Kh.
Published: January 2020

أدى التقدم المستمر في الوسائل التكنولوجية الى زيادة التواصل بين المؤسسات الصناعية والمؤسسات الخدمية، وسوف يتأثر النظام التعليمي نتيجة لذلك إذ شجع ذلك على إيجاد مصادر للمعلومات وتدعيم نماذج عصرية للتعليم والتعلم مدفوعة بالوسائل التكنولوجية الحديثة. ونظراً لعدم قدرة المجتمع على الهروب من التغير خاصة إذا ما أرادت مواكبة العالم المتقدم، لهذا تحتاج المؤسسات التعليمية بشكل عام للتغيير استجابة الى ضرورات التطور التكنولوجي من خلال دمج التكنولوجيا في العملية التعليمية. مما تولد عن ذلك الكثير من المشاريع والأفكار والمصطلحات التـي تهدف إلى الاستفادة من هذه التقنيات في مجال التربية والتعليم. ومواكبة للتطورات المتلاحقة في هذا المجال كان واجباً على المهتمين بمجـال تكنولوجيا التعليم والباحثين فيه استكشاف أهمية وفائدة هذه التكنولوجيات، وقد أثبت الواقع والدراسات الأهمية والنجاح الباهرين التي حققته هذه التكنولوجيات في مجال التربية والتعليم، والتي من أبرزها تنمية المهارات التقنية لدى الطلبة. بناءاً على ما تقدم يهدف البحث الحالي الى التعرف على أثر التعلم المدمج في تنمية بعض المهارات التقنية لدى الطلاب، ولتحقيق ذلك اتبعت الباحثة المنهج التجريبي وتصميم المجموعتين المتكافئين ذو الاختبار القبلي - البعدي، وتكونت العينة من (40) طالب وطالبة وزعت على مجموعتين الضابطة والتجريبية وبشكل عشوائي، وتألفت اداة البحث من بطاقة الملاحظة تم بنائه من قبل الباحثة لقياس الجانب المهاري لعينة البحث حيث توفرت لأداة الدراسة دلالات الصدق والثبات المناسبة، وقد اظهرت النتائج وجود فروق دالة إحصائياً في الجانبين المعرفي والمهاري في التطبيق بين متوسطي درجات المجموعة التجريبية والضابطة في الاختبار البعدي ولصالح المجموعة التجريبية، واتصف بفاعليته في تنمية بعض المهارات التقنية لدى الطلاب. وفي ضوء ما توصلت اليه الباحثة من نتائج تم وضع عدد من التوصيات والمقترحات.
MASKULINITAS DAN FEMININITAS DALAM ANIME KIMI NO NA WA KAJIAN RESPON PEMIRSA
Authors: Noviana Fajria , Wulandari Retno
Published: January 2020

Masculinity and femininity are never-ending subjects. This research aims at observing young generation’s perception on masculinity and femininity in Japanese animee Kimi no Na wa. In addition this research also brings input on how young generation reacts on masculinity and femininity. By using viewer’s response method, this research is conducted among 15 (fifteen) Japanese Department students and 15 (fifteen) Engish Department students of Universitas Diponegoro.The finding shows that young generation generally view that there is no significant differences between sex and gender role. Meanwhile, in the relation with the movie, responden assert their agreement on the description of masculinity and femininity through the male and female characters, although generally respondents from English Department prefer East masculinity and West femininity. This view can be used as the basic how older people build relation with young people due to differences in age and point of view.
Acceptance of Selected Returning Birds and Mammals through the Eyes of Secondary School Students
Authors: Andreska Jan , Hartlová Adéla , Žmolil Matouš
Published: January 2020

The presented study discusses the phenomenon of acceptance of returning higher vertebrate species to the Czech countryside, both from the perspective of grammar school students, who can further study the environmental protection and facilitate the return of some vertebrates, and students of secondary forestry schools, expected to engage in hunting care in the future. The attitude of students and young people, in general, is very important for the acceptance of the discussed species, as not only the politicians and publicists have the right to influence the general public, but rather the specialists educated in the field should participate in the decision-making process affecting the future of these animals. Overall, the work develops a hypothesis that people may have misconceptions about the return of some vertebrates as, rather than focusing on general facts, they are influenced by frequently hyped points, such as the fear and concern of aggrieved farmers, the overpopulating of some species and the infectious diseases that some animals may transmit. A questionnaire was designed and circulated to obtain the required data. For general simplification, only three options were presented in the questionnaire, either positive, negative, or neutral attitude as further structuring could compromise the clarity of the results.
Taxonomic notes on the identity of Rungia latior var. anamalayana (Acanthaceae) from Western Ghats, India
Authors: Nazarudeen A , Rajkumar G , Mohan Rohith Mathew , Prakashkumar R
Published: January 2020

Rungia latior Nees var. anamalayana Chandrab. & V. Chandras., examined as part of the revisionary studies on the Acanthaceae of Western Ghats, have shown some taxonomic ambiguity. As the original authors rightly pointed out, the variety ‘does not fit within the circumscription of the typical species’. Based on our recent collections, we also felt that the varietal status is superfluous as the same has got some merits to be recognized as a distinct species. As such the status of the variety has been reassessed; elevated to the specific rank and a new combination has been set, conserving the varietal name as the specific epithet. Accordingly, the species is renamed as Rungia anamalayana (Chandrab. & V. Chandras.) A. Nazarudeen & G. Rajkumar comb. et stat. nov. The distinctive features and alliance of the species is discussed and a full account of the species is presented with illustrations.
Generation, Coordination, and Evolution of Neural Circuits for Vocal Communication
Authors: Kelley Darcy B. , Ballagh Irene H. , Barkan Charlotte L. , Bendesky Andres , Elliott Taffeta M. , Evans Ben J. , Hall Ian C. , Kwon Young Mi , Kwong-Brown Ursula , Leininger Elizabeth C. , Perez Emilie C. , Rhodes Heather J. , Villain Avelyne , Yamaguchi Ayako , Zornik Erik
Published: January 2020

In many species, vocal communication is essential for coordinating social behaviors including courtship, mating, parenting, rivalry, and alarm signaling. Effective communication requires accurate production, detection, and classification of signals, as well as selection of socially appropriate responses. Understanding how signals are generated and how acoustic signals are perceived is key to understanding the neurobiology of social behaviors. Here we review our long-standing research program focused onXenopus, a frog genus which has provided valuable insights into the mechanisms and evolution of vertebrate social behaviors. InXenopus laevis, vocal signals differ between the sexes, through development, and across the genus, reflecting evolutionary divergence in sensory and motor circuits that can be interrogated mechanistically. Using twoex vivopreparations, the isolated brain and vocal organ, we have identified essential components of the vocal production system: the sexually differentiated larynx at the periphery, and the hindbrain vocal central pattern generator (CPG) centrally, that produce sex- and species-characteristic sound pulse frequencies and temporal patterns, respectively. Within the hindbrain, we have described how intrinsic membrane properties of neurons in the vocal CPG generate species-specific vocal patterns, how vocal nuclei are connected to generate vocal patterns, as well as the roles of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in activating the circuit. For sensorimotor integration, we identified a key forebrain node that links auditory and vocal production circuits to match socially appropriate vocal responses to acoustic features of male and female calls. The availability of a well supported phylogeny as well as reference genomes from several species now support analysis of the genetic architecture and the evolutionary divergence of neural circuits for vocal communication.Xenopusthus provides a vertebrate model in which to study vocal communication at many levels, from physiology, to behavior, and from development to evolution. As one of the most comprehensively studied phylogenetic groups within vertebrate vocal communication systems,Xenopusprovides insights that can inform social communication across phyla.
The Next 50 Years of Neuroscience
Authors: Altimus Cara M. , Marlin Bianca Jones , Charalambakis Naomi Ekavi , Colón-Rodríguez Alexandra , Glover Elizabeth J. , Izbicki Patricia , Johnson Anthony , Lourenco Mychael V. , Makinson Ryan A. , McQuail Joseph , Obeso Ignacio , Padilla-Coreano Nancy , Wells Michael F.
Published: January 2020

On the 50th anniversary of the Society for Neuroscience, we reflect on the remarkable progress that the field has made in understanding the nervous system, and look forward to the contributions of the next 50 years. We predict a substantial acceleration of our understanding of the nervous system that will drive the development of new therapeutic strategies to treat diseases over the course of the next five decades. We also see neuroscience at the nexus of many societal topics beyond medicine, including education, consumerism, and the justice system. In combination, advances made by basic, translational, and clinical neuroscience research in the next 50 years have great potential for lasting improvements in human health, the economy, and society.
Electrical Coupling of Heterotypic Ganglion Cells in the Mammalian Retina
Authors: Puller Christian , Duda Sabrina , Lotfi Elaheh , Arzhangnia Yousef , Block Christoph T. , Ahlers Malte T. , Greschner Martin
Published: January 2020

Electrical coupling has been reported to occur only between homotypic retinal ganglion cells, in line with the concept of parallel processing in the early visual system. Here, however, we show reciprocal correlated firing between heterotypic ganglion cells in multielectrode array recordings during light stimulation in retinas of adult guinea pigs of either sex. Heterotypic coupling was further confirmed via tracer spread after intracellular injections of single cells with neurobiotin. Both electrically coupled cell types were sustained ON center ganglion cells but showed distinct light response properties and receptive field sizes. We identified one of the involved cell types as sustained ON α-ganglion cells. The presence of electrical coupling between heterotypic ganglion cells introduces a network motif in which the signals of distinct ganglion cell types are partially mixed at the output stage of the retina.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe visual information is split into parallel pathways, before it is sent to the brain via the output neurons of the retina, the ganglion cells. Ganglion cells can form electrical synapses between dendrites of neighboring cells in support of lateral information exchange. To date, ganglion-to-ganglion cell coupling is thought to occur only between cells of the same type. Here, however, we show that electrical coupling between different types of ganglion cells exists in the mammalian retina. We provide functional and anatomical evidence that two different types of ganglion cells share information via electrical coupling. This new network motif extends the impact of the heavily studied coding benefits of homotypic coupling to heterotypic coupling across parallel neuronal pathways.
Provincializing Whiteness
Authors: Kapoor Priya
Published: January 2020

Provincializing whiteness—this deconstructing move lays bare the absolute power of racial supremacy that faculty of color housed in communication studies and other departments have faced in US academia. Yet, acts of racial supremacy reveal how provincial that way of thinking is. There is a plethora of her-his-stories that are better suited to coexistence and tolerance without privileging Western modernity.
Exclusion Now, Exclusion Forever
Authors: Rodriguez Amardo
Published: January 2020

In this essay, I make a case for an exclusion politics in communication studies. I contend that an exclusion politics makes for many more possibilities than an inclusion politics.
A Short Soliloquy on Merit
Authors: Tracy Sarah J.
Published: January 2020

Merit is often considered to be a neutral and therefore fair way to judge quality. Through soliloquy and graphics, this essay deconstructs and interrogates the definition of merit, revealing the ways that it is tied to standardization and dominant knowledge.
Across Bridges and Islands
Authors: Tarin Carlos A. , Hernández Leandra H. , Upton Sarah D. , Sowards Stacey K.
Published: January 2020

In this essay, we invoke the work of Gloria Anzaldúa and the broader constellation of borderland theory to make sense of how we have negotiated the boundaries of research in academic environments that have sought to marginalize and diminish our perspectives. Recognizing that academe is disciplined by whiteness, we provide personal reflections as a form of embodied connectivity in an attempt to decolonize communication studies. We use two metaphors—(draw)bridges and islands—to critically (re)imagine identity, difference, and merit in academia.
Act Right White
Authors: Reed Joquina M. , Mack Ashley Noel
Published: January 2020

Whiteness structures intimacy and belonging in institutional life. In this essay, we unpack how meritocracy relies on exclusionary networks of belonging structured by Whiteness. We argue that meritocracy can be displaced through a recentering of radical intimacy. Critical love and failure are crucial to building coalitions across difference that resist structural violence. We unpack the possibilities of radical intimacy by recalling our embodied experience in co-creating and maintaining our friendship in the context of a Predominantly White Institution.