bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some new oscillation results for second-order differential equations with neutral term
Authors: Alomair Abdullah Mohammed , Muhib Ali
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we study the oscillatory behavior of second-order differential equations. Using the comparison method, we obtain new oscillation criteria that improve the relevant results in the literature. Additionally, an example is given to illustrate the importance of the obtained oscillation criteria.
La simplicité dans les théories syntaxiques et leurs applications pédagogiques dans les années 1930-1980
Authors: Joseph John E.
Published: January 2025

L’idée d’une grammaire représente la recherche d’une simplicité essentielle qui sous-tend la complexité langagière. Il n’est pas surprenant alors que les grands pas en avant dans l’histoire de la théorie linguistique ont consisté en des concepts simplificateurs, de la triade conceptuelle des Modistes à la typologie tripartite de Humboldt, puis aux dichotomies structuralistes et à la réduction générativiste des langues du monde à une seule langue humaine. La simplicité n’est pas simple, pourtant. Elle prend diverses formes à diverses époques, et entre les chercheurs d’une même époque. Cet article analyse le rôle joué par la dichotomie simple-complexe dans les théories de Lucien Tesnière (1893-1954), Michael Halliday (1925-2018) et Noam Chomsky, leurs interprétations psychologiques – surtout celle de la théorie hallidayenne par Basil Bernstein (1924-2000) – et les efforts pour les appliquer dans la pédagogie. Dans les trois cas, de bonnes intentions ont été subverties par un concept inadéquat de la simplicité syntaxique. Comment adapter la dichotomie simple-complexe pour atteindre l’égalitarisme éducatif désiré par Tesnière, Halliday et Chomsky ? Faut-il la réimaginer ? Ou l’abandonner entièrement ? Ou ce but louable est-il destiné à rester utopique ?
Impacts, perceptions et adaptations du système agro-pastoral au changement climatique dans le Sud-Ouest de Madagascar
Authors: Ravanomanantsoa Hery Nantenaina , Harempahasoavana Tsiorisoa , Aboudou Hadidja , Veriza Espérant Flaubert , Rakotonjanahary Martial A.
Published: January 2025

L’espace semi-aride du Sud-Ouest fait partie des régions de Madagascar les plus vulnérables aux effets du changement et de la variabilité climatique. Ces derniers affectent négativement les activités agricoles et d’élevage de la majorité de la population. Une étude a été menée dans cinq communes réparties sur trois districts afin d’analyser les impacts, perceptions et adaptations du système agro-pastoral à ces bouleversements climatiques. L’étude, qualitative, a reposé sur des observations directes, entretiens semi-dirigés et focus groupes réalisés auprès des 120 agro-pasteurs. Les résultats ont révélé des modifications des régimes des pluies devenant plus tardifs, imprévisibles et irréguliers et des séquences d’années sèches plus fréquentes depuis quelques années. Dans la vie quotidienne, les effets néfastes se traduisent par la baisse des récoltes, des pertes des champs des cultures, l’assèchement des points d’abreuvement, le rétrécissement des pâturages et éloignement des parcours des troupeaux. Face à cette situation, des stratégies d’adaptations locales sont entreprises afin de réajuster et de garder le fonctionnement du système agro-pastoral. Elles sont cependant insuffisantes car les activités de survie et les communautés rurales demeurent précaires et vulnérables.
Savoirs agricoles et rapports de genre et d’âge chez les paysans de la Haute Guinée
Authors: Somparé Ester Botta , Somparé Abdoulaye Wotem
Published: January 2025

Dans les campagnes de la Haute Guinée, où les groupes domestiques constituent aussi des unités de production, la transmission des savoirs agricoles tend à reproduire les inégalités de genre et d’âge, en renforçant une hiérarchie dominée par les hommes âgés. Les groupements des femmes maraichères constituent cependant des espaces d’émancipation féminine. A travers les études de cas de la production de l’igname dans le village de Tintioulèn et de l’agriculture maraîchère périurbaine dans la ville de Kankan, l’article analyse comment l’introduction d’innovations proposées dans le cadre de projets de développement modifie les rapports de genre et d’âge. On assiste ainsi à la masculinisation et à la professionnalisation du maraichage, ainsi qu’à l’émergence de nouvelles figures de jeunes techniciens agricoles qui sont désormais incontournables dans la relation entre les paysans et les institutions du développement.
Small molecules in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: a systematic review and a multicenter case series about Janus kinase inhibitors and apremilast
Authors: Rizzo Chiara , Grazzini Silvia , Conticini Edoardo , Chinoy Hector , D’Alessandro Roberto , Camarda Federica , Cantarini Luca , Frediani Bruno , Guggino Giuliana , La Barbera Lidia
Published: January 2025

Objective. Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are rare autoimmune diseases that primarily affect striated muscles; skin, joints, and lungs may be involved with different degrees of severity. Traditional treatment relies on high-dose glucocorticoids and conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.
Methods. A growing amount of evidence is demonstrating the potential role of novel treatments in the management of IIM. We report our experience with Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) in these conditions and review the current evidence for the use of small molecules in real-life clinical practice.
Results. A total of 41 papers were retrieved from PubMed, 37 papers concerning IIM and JAKi, and 4 papers concerning IIM and apremilast.
Conclusions. An overall good efficacy was evidenced in IIM-associated skin lesions, including rash, ulcers, and calcinosis. If present, muscle and joint involvement demonstrated a good response to therapy, while it was not possible to draw any conclusion about dysphagia. No life-threatening adverse events were reported.
The adoption of telemedicine by healthcare practitioners in South Africa
Authors: Cullen Margaret , Calitz Andre , Boucher Sasha , Buddan Prashna
Published: January 2025

Orientation: Telemedicine plays an important role in patient-centred healthcare, diagnosing and treating diseases and developing treatment plans. It includes both provider-to-provider and provider-to-patient communication, which can be synchronous (telephone and video) or asynchronous (messaging and electronic consultations).Research purpose: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic sparked interest and awareness of telemedicine; however, there is a need to explore the adoption of telemedicine in the context of South Africa. This study examined South African healthcare practitioners’ adoption of telemedicine using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model.Motivation for the study: The adoption of telemedicine by healthcare practitioners in South Africa has not been extensively researched.Research design, approach and method: A positivistic approach using quantitative methods of analysis was adopted. The target population was registered healthcare practitioners practising in South Africa and 96 healthcare practitioners participated in the study.Main findings: The study established that the independent factors of Performance Expectancy, Facilitating Conditions, Social Media Technology and Attitude all have a significant positive relationship with the dependent factor, Behavioural Intention to adopt telemedicine.Practical and/or managerial implications: The need for healthcare practitioners to be trained in telemedicine technology is an essential prerequisite for its adoption.Contribution and/or value-add: Gender significantly influenced the dependent factor, behavioural intention to adopt telemedicine. Males rated the behavioural intention more positively than females. The theoretical contribution of the study is the extension of the UTAUT model for telemedicine adoption.
Assessment of Suicidal Ideation among Patients Attending Deaddiction Clinic in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Ashma S. Shafana , Rangasamy Kavitha Rajendran , Bharadwaj Balaji
Published: January 2025

Background:

In substance use, disorder suicide is the major cause of mortality. Evidence suggests that there is some relation between suicidal ideation (SI) and substance use. There are an inadequate number of studies in Indian settings regarding SI among patients attending the deaddiction clinic.

Objectives:

This study investigates the presence of SI and its association with sociodemographic data.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted with 104 patients who attended the deaddiction clinic and were screened for SI using a convenient sample technique based on the inclusion criteria through the interview method. Data collection tools used were a questionnaire on sociodemographic data, the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version IBM SPSS ®21 using descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and statistical tests (Chi-square test and Student’s t-test) with a level of significance <0.05.

Results:

The study found that out of 104 participants, 34.6% had a history of SI and 13.5% had a history of actual attempts, most of them were of low lethality, but none had any such ideation at the time of assessment. The research found there is a strong association of SI with many of the sociodemographic variables, such as tobacco age of dependent use and quantity of alcohol use, which showed a significant relationship with SI, with P < 0.05. Regarding the perceived social support, the result shows most of the patients had a moderate perceived social support.

Conclusion:

The results found that 1/3rd of the patients had experienced SI and about 1/8th of them had an actual attempt.
Favorable or Unfavorable? Awake-Prone Positioning’s Effectiveness on COVID-19 Patients—A Research Study
Authors: Vishnuvardhan G. D. , Bhakaney Pallavi
Published: January 2025

Background:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus infection shows the initial symptoms of cough, abrupt onset of fever, and breathing difficulties. Physical issues included exhaustion, diminished functional capacity, and difficulty doing activities of daily living. Prone positioning causes enhanced oxygenation and respiratory function. Both are required in non-ventilated COVID-19 patients, admitted with oxygen support. The aim is to study the immediate effectiveness of awake-prone positioning on oxygen saturation and oxygen requirement in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Methods:

A total of 59 patients were selected for the study, who were screened as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria from the COVID-19 center of Shalinitai Meghe Superspeciality Hospital, Sawangi (M), Wardha, Maharashtra, India. The patients were educated about the procedure of prone positioning, along with the red flags to inform the therapist while receiving the treatment regime. Pre-exercise vitals were noted and the patients were monitored throughout the regime session for any discomfort or change in the hemodynamic status of the patients. Awake-prone position was given to the patients and its effectiveness was documented in this study.

Results:

All the patients have shown improvement in the oxygen saturation level and the amount of required oxygen during their stay in the hospital.

Conclusion:

The study has shown that proning is an advantageous technique in COVID-19 patients to enhance lung function and oxygenation of the body.
Unlocking Potential: Exploring Developmental Milestones and Challenges in a Unique Case of NEDCAFD to Achieve Developmental Milestones: A Comprehensive Case Report
Authors: Shah Vidhi , Lahoti Anuj , Sukey Bhargavi , Chanageri Shradha , Patil Trupti
Published: January 2025

In societies with a high rate of parental consanguinity, which represent around one-seventh of the world’s population, autosomal recessive (AR) gene abnormalities are the most prevalent genetic cause of intellectual disability (ID). AR ID (ARID) with severe speech impairment, brain atrophy, and hypotonia as its clinical pillars, has been linked to bi-allelic mutations in the tetratricopeptide repeat domain 5 gene. The purpose of this comprehensive case report is to report the outcomes of Saskhi Honde a 1.5-year-old girl with neurodevelopmental disorder with cerebral atrophy and facial dysmorphism. The examination, intervention, and outcomes before and after physiotherapy are described.
Clinical Predictors of Mortality in Vikruta Vyadhi Vignaneeyam Chapter of Ashtanga Sangraha: An Exploratory Review
Authors: Mamidi Prasad , Gupta Kshama
Published: January 2025

Prognostic aspects are explained in the four chapters (9–12) of Ashtanga Sangraha Shareera Sthana (ASSS). Vikruta Vyadhi Vignaneeyam (VVV) is the 11th chapter of ASSS and it consists of 64 verses. Various disease-specific mortality indicators (Arishta Lakshanas) are explained in this chapter. The quality and quantity of research done in the prognostic significance of the four chapters of Shareera Sthana of Ashtanga Sangraha is negligible. The present review aims to analyze, summarize, and explore the contents with special reference to the prognostic importance of the VVV chapter of ASSS. Various databases have been searched to identify relevant prognostic literature by using appropriate keywords. Various classical Ayurvedic texts were also referred to. Vriddha Vagbhata (author of the text Ashtanga Sangraha) has collected and compiled various disease-specific mortality predictors from Indriya Sthana of Charaka Samhita and Sutra Sthana of Sushruta Samhita in addition to some unique contributions. Various chronic, progressive, and irreversible disease conditions associated with poor prognosis are explained in this chapter. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of the VVV chapter contents and generates new hypotheses for future research works.
Association of Glycated Hemoglobin Levels with Severity of Diabetic Foot Ulcer and Bacterial Profile
Authors: Jawzali Jwan Ibrahim , Muhammadamin Muhammad Nuraddin , Othman Darya Yousef , Ikram Dalia Dler
Published: January 2025

Background:

Glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) can serve as a diagnostic tool for predicting the development of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), a common chronic complication. There are inconsistent results about the association between baseline HbA1c and severity of DFUs. Objective: This study was to evaluate the relationship between levels of HbA1c and the severity of wound grades and bacteria isolates from infected ulcers.

Materials and Methods:

This study included 114 patients with lower extremity diabetic foot infection. The data included age, sex, and baseline glycated HbA1c. The severity of DFUs was evaluated using the Wagner classification. Bacterial infections were identified by VITEK 2 systems. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis.

Results:

The majority of DFUs were elderly (≥ 65 years) men. The HbA1c with mean value 9% ± 1.7 increases significantly with age. Most (43.8%) had a grade 4 (localized gangrene) wound classification. Grade 3 had levels of HbA1c (> 7), and decreased significantly (OR = 0.02*, 95% CI 0.001-0.62) in HbA1c ≤ 7 compared to grade 5 (gangrene involving the whole foot). Gram-negative bacteria; Esherichia coli was abundant, and increased in grade 4 compared to grade 5 (OR = 3.3*, 95% CI 1.04–10.6).

Conclusion:

HbA1c can be used as a predictive biomarker because the level of HbA1c (≥ 7) increased with age, severity of wound grades, and types of isolated bacteria, primarily with gram-negative. A lower HbA1c level (≤ 7) was observed in cases with extensive gangrene of wounds and may be attributed to systemic inflammation and anaemia.
Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Common Probiotic Strains: Streptococcus faecalis, Clostridium butyricum, Bacillus mesentericus, and Lactobacillus sporogenes in the Management of Diabetes
Authors: Sooragonda Basavaraj G. , Thakur Preyander , Moganti Rajesh , Garg Arpit , Garg Umesh Kumar
Published: January 2025

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often linked to changes in gut microbiota, and probiotics may play a significant role in the management. Four common probiotic strains: Streptococcus faecalis (Enterococcus faecalis), Clostridium butyricum, Bacillus mesentericus, and Lactobacillus sporogenes are commonly used in treating gut disorders. The current systematic review evaluates the efficacy of these strains in the management of diabetes. C. butyricum produces butyrate, which has been shown to regulate blood sugar levels, restore intestinal health, and mitigate inflammation. S. Faecalis has shown effectiveness in lowering postprandial glucose peaks, especially in research conducted on silkworm models and cell cultures. However, further research studies are necessary to determine the long-term efficacy of these strains in humans. The review shows the current evidence emphasizes the necessity for further investigation to identify and describe the active constituents, comprehend the processes by which they operate, and investigate the potential synergistic effects of combining various probiotics to achieve improved therapeutic results. Incorporating these probiotics into diabetes management may further enhance metabolic health.
Acute Kidney Injury Associated With Finerenone Use in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Case Report
Authors: Srivastava Brijendra Kumar , Anjana Ranjit Mohan , Lavanya Rajendran , Mohan Viswanathan
Published: January 2025

Individuals with diabetes are at an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease. The risk further increases in the presence of kidney involvement. Nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone has shown beneficial effects on cardiorenal outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and has been recommended by various guidelines for the reduction of chronic kidney disease progression and CV events. Here, we present an individual with T2DM and early renal insufficiency, who had acute worsening of renal parameters after finerenone therapy, which reverted back to baseline levels after the therapy was discontinued. A 58-year-old male with T2DM of 13 years duration presented with loss of appetite, weight loss of 4 kg during the last 6 months, cough for 1 week, fever with chills on and off for the last 1 month, and fluctuating blood sugars. Investigations revealed elevated renal parameters, uncontrolled blood sugars, hyperuricemia, anemia, eosinophilia, and hyperlipidemia. A nephrologist’s opinion was taken and, on his advice, conservative renal care was continued. Finerenone (10 mg) was initiated as a cardiorenal protective measure along with other supportive measures. After three doses of finerenone, there was a sudden worsening of the renal parameters. Blood urea increased from 73 to 100 mg/dL, serum creatinine increased from 1.7 to 4.7 mg/dL, and serum potassium from 4.3 to 5.4 mEq/L. After finerenone was stopped, along with good hydration and renal supportive measures, the renal parameters and serum potassium levels reverted back to baseline levels. Occasionally, finerenone may induce acute worsening of renal parameters. When initiating treatment with this drug, apart from repeating serum potassium, renal parameters may also need to be reassessed.
Examining Nailfold Capillary Alterations and Their Link to Diabetic Neuropathy in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kumar Sudhir , Garg Uma Shankar , Kapoor Suraj
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and microvascular alterations. The current study aimed to identify microvascular changes in DM patients using nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC) and determine their relationship with diabetic neuropathy.

Materials and Methods:

The study included 100 subjects aged 20–50 years, divided into DM patients and healthy controls. NFC was performed on eight fingers, focusing on the fourth and fifth digits, at 200× magnification. Capillary density (CD), loop diameter (LD), arterial limb diameter (ALD), venous limb diameter (VLD), intra-capillary distance (ICD), and abnormal morphology (AM) were assessed. Sensory neuropathy was evaluated clinically and through nerve conduction studies. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.

Results:

The results showed significant differences in NFC parameters between DM patients and controls. DM patients had lower CD, higher LD, ALD, VLD, and ICD, and more frequent AM compared to controls. Patients with poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥7%) exhibited more pronounced microvascular changes. Sensory neuropathy was significantly associated with abnormal NFC findings.

Conclusion:

NFC is a valuable tool for detecting microvascular alterations in DM patients, which correlate with the presence of diabetic neuropathy. Early recognition of these changes using NFC may aid in the timely management of diabetic complications and improve patient outcomes.
Fixed-dose Combination of Dapagliflozin and Linagliptin in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Inadequately Controlled on Metformin: A Randomized Double-blind Multicenter Trial
Authors: Kumthekar Prashant , Upadhyay Mihir R. , Tamma Rajasekhara Reddy , Kranti Vijay , Bhattacharya Raja , Sharma Prabhat Kumar , Barge Vijaykumar Bhagwan , Revankar Santosh , Ghatge Shweta
Published: January 2025

Context:

Combining dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in therapy could be beneficial for those with metformin intolerance or not achieving adequate control.

Aims:

To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of a fixed-dose combination (FDC) of dapagliflozin plus linagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled on metformin.

Settings and Design:

It is a phase III, prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study.

Materials and Methods:

Patients with T2DM, with a stable dose of metformin ≥1000 mg/day as monotherapy for at least 3 months before screening, with inadequate glycemic control at screening were randomly assigned to either arm A (dapagliflozin 10 mg + linagliptin 5 mg) or arm B (linagliptin 5 mg) in a 1:1 ratio.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The primary and secondary efficacy endpoint analyses were done using repeated measures analysis of covariance or a two-sample t test. All safety parameters were analyzed using a two-sample t test and descriptive statistics.

Results:

A total of 232 patients were randomized in arm A (n = 112) and arm B (n = 110). At week 16, arm A showed a significant mean reduction in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) than arm B (−1.35% vs. −0.92%; P≤0.0001). Similarly, the mean reductions in fasting plasma glucose (−26.13 mg/dL vs. −22.59 mg/dL; P = 0.0492), 2-h postprandial plasma glucose (−52.29 mg/dL vs. −30.35 mg/dL; P≤0.0001), and body weight (−1.32 kg vs. −0.42 kg; P≤0.0001) were significantly higher in arm A than in arm B. Arm A had a higher proportion of patients achieving HbA1c <7.0% (42.24% vs. 22.41%; P = 0.0012). Adverse events were comparable between study arms.

Conclusions:

The FDC of dapagliflozin and linagliptin was superior in terms of improvement in glycemic control and a higher proportion of patients achieving target HbA1c level, with both treatment arms being well-tolerated.
Cost Analysis for Diabetic Outpatients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pune City, India
Authors: Deshpande Prasanna R. , Sonawane Suchita , Jadhav Pratik , Nair Shruthi , Gawali Darshan , Kanitkar Shubhangi , Jadhav Sammita
Published: January 2025

Background:

Globally, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a rapidly growing health concern with India experiencing a significant increase in cases. While this disease often imposes a substantial financial burden on patients, particularly in outpatient settings, limited research exists within the Indian context. Our study aimed to address this gap by analyzing the costs associated with outpatient management of T2DM in a tertiary care hospital located in Pune, India.

Materials and Methods:

This prospective observational study employed a self-designed questionnaire to collect data from outpatients in the hospital’s department.

Results:

We collected data from 201 outpatients with T2DM. The sample was skewed slightly male (53.23%). Our analysis revealed the annual average costs incurred by outpatients for various aspects of diabetes management: consultations: ₹3,383.45, investigations: ₹4,838.79, medications: ₹7,321.35, travel: ₹5,286.54, lost wages: ₹7,701.87, and total cost: ₹28,532. Furthermore, outpatients reported devoting an average of 11.79% of their annual income to managing their diabetes on an outpatient basis.

Conclusions:

This study highlights the significant financial burden borne by outpatients managing T2DM in India. Our findings underscore the need for implementing effective cost-minimization strategies within the Indian healthcare system.
A Study to Quantify the Exercise Stress in Terms of Oxygen Consumption and Anaerobic Threshold in Patients of Suspected Coronary Artery Disease during Conventional Treadmill Testing
Authors: Waghmare Lalitbhushan S. , Waghmare Tripti L. , Ambad Ranjit
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, and early detection is crucial for effective management. Exercise stress testing, particularly treadmill testing, is widely used to assess cardiovascular function, with oxygen consumption (VO2) and anaerobic threshold (AT) serving as key indicators of cardiovascular fitness and exertional capacity. The aim of this study is to quantify exercise stress using VO2 and AT in patients with suspected CAD during conventional treadmill testing. These parameters may provide additional insight into the severity of coronary artery blockages and help in predicting cardiovascular events.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to quantify the exercise stress in terms of oxygen consumption (VO2) and AT in patients with suspected CAD using conventional treadmill testing.

Material and Method:

The present study was conducted in the Department of Physiology at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Sawangi Meghe Wardha Maharashtra. The study included 100 patients with suspected CAD, aged 40 to 70 years. These patients presented with symptoms such as chest pain, breathlessness, or a family history of cardiovascular disease, prompting the need for exercise stress testing. A control group of 50 healthy individuals matched by age and sex was also included for comparison.

Result:

The study demonstrated that VO2 and AT levels significantly correlated with the presence and severity of CAD in patients. Patients with CAD exhibited lower VO2 levels and earlier onset of anaerobic threshold compared to the healthy control group. The results suggest that these parameters could be used as effective indicators in the early detection of CAD.

Conclusion:

The study highlights that measuring oxygen consumption and AT during treadmill testing can enhance the assessment of cardiovascular stress and provide valuable prognostic information in patients with suspected CAD.
A critical review on the efficacy of Kodo, Sorghum, and foxtail millets in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Yadav Monica , Bansal Charu , Shukla Umesh , Zainab Saleha
Published: January 2025

Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects around 537 million people globally, with 77 million cases in India. Type 2 DM is primarily linked to poor dietary habits and sedentary lifestyles, leading to either insulin resistance or impaired insulin secretion. In Ayurveda this condition is referred to as Apathyanimmataja Prameha. To promote healthier food choices, the Indian government declared 2023 as the International Year of Millets, emphasizing their significant health benefits. Historically, millets, known as "Shri Anna," were among the first domesticated crops in India and were a staple food across Asia. However, with the Green Revolution prioritizing the mass production of rice and wheat, millet cultivation declined. Millets are classified as "Nutri Cereal" due to their low glycemic index (GI), gluten-free nature, and rich content of flavonoids, vitamins (E, B complex), minerals, and antioxidants. They help prevent various lifestyle diseases and have demonstrated antidiabetic effects. Specifically, Kodo, Sorghum, and foxtail millets have shown significant impact on controlling hyperglycemia, as confirmed by studies. Ayurvedic texts also recommend these millets as a wholesome diet, particularly in managing conditions like Prameha (diabetes) and obesity. This article draws data from Ayurvedic texts, previous dissertations, and electronic databases like ResearchGate and PubMed and Google Scholar. It explores the pharmacodynamic properties of Kodo, Sorghum, and foxtail millets focusing on their preventive and therapeutic effects in managing type 2 DM by integrating both Ayurvedic and modern scientific research.
Variations in the branching pattern of the popliteal artery in the north Karnataka region: A cadaveric study
Authors: Noveltony Supriya , Kokati Drakshayini B. , Chaitra B. R.
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION:

The clinically most important artery of the lower extremities is the popliteal artery. The normal branching pattern of the popliteal artery ranges between 92% and 96%. The branching pattern of the popliteal artery and its variations plays an important role for surgeons, radiologists, and anatomists during vascular grafting, surgical repair, embolectomy, knee replacements, diagnostic angiography, transluminal stent implementation, and transluminal angioplasty.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:

To study the variations in the branching pattern of the popliteal artery in the north Karnataka region and discuss its clinical application.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

The present observational study was conducted on the formalin-fixed 15 cadavers, from the Department of Anatomy, JGM Medical College, Hubballi. The popliteal artery and its branches were studied in 30 limbs of 5 male and 10 female cadavers. Detailed dissection was carried out according to Cunningham’s manual, the popliteal fossa was exposed, and the popliteal artery, its terminal branches, the level of termination, and its mode of termination were studied.

RESULTS:

In the present study, the largest and shortest lengths of the popliteal artery measured were 60.7 mm and 10.4 mm, respectively. The mean length of the popliteal artery on the right and left sides was 35.76 mm and 33.687 mm, respectively with P = 0.580. Level of termination of the popliteal artery was observed and noted. Normally, the popliteal artery terminates at the lower border of the popliteus muscle. The artery terminating at the upper border of the popliteus was defined as high termination and artery terminating far below the lower border of the popliteus was defined as low termination. In the present study, out of 30 dissected limb specimens, two limbs showed high termination and 28 limbs showed normal termination of the popliteal artery.

CONCLUSION:

Knowledge of the variations of the branching pattern of the popliteal artery is important in planning surgeries and image-based interventions. Hence, the present study can be of help in selecting the treatment options at surgery and avoidance of iatrogenic injury.
Management of diabetic foot ulcer by homeopathic treatment: An evidenced-based case report
Authors: Chakravarthy S.G.S. , Thennarasu Vinitha , Beegum I. M. Saliha
Published: January 2025

Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disease causing microvascular, macrovascular, neuropathic, and nephropathic complications. Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is the frequently occurring clinical complication due to associated neuropathy, peripheral arterial disease leading to threatened amputation if untreated. Various treatments and preventive management techniques are currently in practice to lessen the morbidity of these complications. Homeopathy is proven to be the successful treatment in chronic diseases, especially DFUs as evidenced by the previous case reports and literature. The document includes a case report where a long-standing diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) was completely healed over a few months using the homeopathic remedy Lachesis. This treatment not only healed the ulcer but also prevented further complications and the need for toe amputation, leading to an overall improvement in health as evaluated by the modified Naranjo criteria.
Parathyroid adenoma in children: A rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Roy Srotaswini , Agrawal Poorvi Chandraprakash , Wade Poonam , Bhagwat Nikhil M.
Published: January 2025

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is rare in children. The most common cause of PHPT is parathyroid adenoma, which occurs either sporadically or as part of the syndrome (the most common being multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome). The clinical presentation is often vague with nonspecific symptoms involving the gastrointestinal, renal, musculoskeletal, and central nervous systems making the diagnosis challenging. Biochemical profiles and modern imaging techniques are the mainstay for diagnosing the condition, planning the right treatment, and for perioperative management. Herein, we present a case of PHPT who presented to us with all the classical symptoms of hypercalcemia described as “Bones, Stones, Groans, and Moans.”
Impact of social media influence on eating behavior in mid and late adolescent children a cross-sectional study
Authors: Patil Aishwarya , Salimath Gavishiddhayya , Angolkar Mubashir
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:

Adolescence is an important period of life when healthy behaviors are learned and cultivated to improve quality of life and physical function. During this time, it is important to eat well, exercise, and feel good about yourself. Social media is a part of adolescent life having many advantages, however, wrong information can have an adverse health effect. Adolescents are influenced by the content posted on social media, which frequently features a lot of fast-junk food marketing advertisements. In turn, these posts affect their eating preferences and choices and may change their perception of what constitutes a healthy eating behavior.

OBJECTIVE:

The objective of this study was to assess the influence of social media on adolescent children and to determine its impact on their eating behaviors.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Two higher secondary schools were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Both schools’ principals were notified about the study and received signed informed consent. One hundred and forty-four teenagers (15–19 years old) who fit the inclusion criteria were recruited using the simple random sampling method. After explaining the study and obtaining consent/assent. A self-administered predesigned, semi-structured, validated questionnaire was used to collect data.

RESULTS:

Celebrities had a roughly similar influence on both male and female adolescents on diet and exercise routines. Among females, 16.25% were generally affected compared to 12.50% of males, whereas 37.50% were occasionally influenced compared to 35.94% of males. An analysis of the impact of advertisements on meals and beverages revealed that males were often more tempted than females. The influence of social networking sites on female eating habits revealed that 43.04% preferred to visit cafes and restaurants more frequently than 29.69% of males, whereas 15.19% of females ordered meals online compared to 25% of males. Females (57.50%) had a greater desire for an idle body type and attempted to lose or gain weight as influenced by media than males (46.88%). Interestingly, males (45.31%) were more body-conscious and concerned about their nutrition than women (39.24%).

CONCLUSION:

The present study concluded that females were more influenced by social media on eating behavior; however, males in the study were body conscious and desired an ideal body.
Prevalence of unmet need for contraception among married women aged 15–49 years in urban and rural areas of Telangana
Authors: Sundaran Stefi , Darivemula Surendra Babu , Bala Sudha , Tondare Devidas Prabhakarrao , Kumar S. Ajith , Molagara Sruthi
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:

As reported by the National Family Health Survey-5, over 70% of currently married women aged 15–49 years have a demand for family planning. Women encounter a multitude of obstacles when it comes to accessing and adopting contraception, including limited knowledge, social disapproval, and inadequate availability of family planning resources.

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of unmet need for contraception and factors affecting contraceptive behavior among reproductive age group women aged 15–49 years living in urban and rural areas of Telangana.

METHODOLOGY:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in urban and rural areas of Telangana among 306 reproductive age group women aged 15–49 years. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, and the Chi-square test was used to assess the significance.

RESULTS:

The unmet need for contraception was found to be 18.6%, and it was significantly higher in urban than in rural (24.2% and 13.1%, respectively). Spacing need was 6.2% and limiting need was 12.4%, significantly higher among urban (17%) than in rural (7.8%). The occupation of the correspondent was found to be significantly associated with an unmet need for contraception.

CONCLUSION:

A high unmet need for contraception was observed among women in Telangana, highlighting the existence of a knowledge–action gap in promoting positive attitudes and behaviors toward contraception. Further research is necessary to explore the underlying factors contributing to the rising unmet need and training of frontline health-care workers to raise awareness about family planning methods and address associated stigmas.
Ewingella americana: A rare, multidrug resistant and opportunistic pathogen causing catheter-associated urinary tract infection
Authors: Singh Peetam , Pandey Anita
Published: January 2025

Ewingella americana is a Gram-negative rod belonging to the order Enterobacterales and comprises only species of the genus Ewingella. The pathogenic potential of E. americana in humans was not clearly understood previously. E. americana has rarely been reported globally and is considered opportunistic pathogen among immunocompromised individuals. We reported a case of catheter-associated urinary tract infection due to E. americana from a tertiary care medical teaching institute from Uttar Pradesh, India. E. Americana was identified by VITEK-2 compact automated system which was reconfirmed by conventional biochemical tests. This multidrug-resistant pathogen was found susceptible only against tigecycline, and intermediate susceptibility was observed against amikacin.
Occult Breast Cancer Masquerading as Bicytopenia
Authors: Bhalla Ravi Vir Singh , Mohamed Ismail Ibrahim
Published: January 2025

Occult breast cancer (OBC) is a rare type of breast cancer without a detectable primary lesion in the breast on a physical examination or imaging such as an ultrasound or mammogram. Occult breast cancer may present as axillary lymphadenopathy, nipple discharge, nipple dermatitis, papillary dermal edema, eczema, skin retraction, etc. However, anemia and thrombocytopenia as the initial presentation of OBC are rare. We report the rare case of a patient with OBC who presented with significant thrombocytopenia and anemia due to bone marrow metastasis.
Addressing Neurological Inequities in Developing Countries: Challenges and Strategic Solutions
Authors: Kandel Amit
Published: January 2025

Neurological disorders pose one of the most urgent healthcare challenges globally, with a particularly severe impact on low-resource settings. Effective responses to this crisis require timely, intersectoral strategies, and coordinated actions to drive substantial positive changes. Political determinants of health play a crucial role in advancing initiatives in surveillance, prevention, acute care, and rehabilitation for neurological conditions. An essential life-course approach to brain health focuses on early intervention and sustained care throughout an individual’s lifespan. Building a comprehensive system of care, underpinned by robust policies and financial investments, is critical for progress in low-resource countries. In addition, urgent reforms in education are needed to cultivate a skilled neurological workforce that is equipped to meet the demands of these regions. Intersectoral strategies, including telemedicine, mobile health, organized systems of care, helicopter ambulance services, and widespread public awareness campaigns, are vital components for creating an equitable and responsive neurological healthcare framework.
Binding Antibodies Responses to SARS-COV-2 Infection in Hospitalized Patients and Vaccinated Subjects: A Longitudinal Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Alshahrani Mohammed Saeed , Aldahhan Razan , Macadato Nabela Calamata , Alkhalifah Zahra , Tahan Mohamed R. El , Alnimr Amani , Alnabi Mohammed Alabdrab , Almishkab Fatima , Almusairii Jawaher , Asonto Laila Perlas , Almusawi Sajjad Mohammed , Almussalam Mohammed , Alsanea Rawan , Albakheet Mubarak Khalifa , Albrahim Talal Ali , Alammar Moaz Saad , Albehair Maan , Alkhater Suzan A. , Alsulaibikh Amal , Aljumaan Mohammed , AlQahtani Saad M. , Abdelhady Ahmed , Mapusao Charlene , Attia Ashraf , Alzamil Iman Almansour
Published: January 2025

Background:

Prevalence of seropositivity following SARS-CoV-2 infection is vital in evaluating herd immunity. However, depending on illness severity, it remains unclear whether the breadth and magnitude of immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is for short or long term.

Objective:

To test the persistence of humoral antibody responses after SARS-CoV-2 exposure in patients with different illness severity and among volunteers who had been vaccinated.

Methods:

This study was conducted in two Saudi Arabian tertiary hospitals. Participants were categorized as critically ill COVID-19 patients, non-critically ill COVID-19 patients, or vaccinated volunteers. We collected demographic data, COVID-19 exposure history, symptoms, vaccination details, and serum samples to analyze antibody persistence. We evaluated SARS-CoV-2 antibody concentrations in COVID-19 patients with varying disease severity and age groups, as well as in BNT162b2-vaccinated individuals, focusing on IgG levels against the S.FL and S1 domains of the spike protein.

Results:

The study included 172 adults: 92 unvaccinated hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 80 vaccinated volunteers. All vaccinated subjects demonstrated seropositivity to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, with nearly 80% having a median antibody titer of 13,500 AU/mL. Notably, vaccinated subjects exhibited significantly higher IgG levels than naturally infected patients (P < 0.001), including higher S.FL and S1 titers, regardless of severity. Age, comorbidities, and previous infections influenced S-specific antibody levels. Among hospitalized patients, 58% required intensive care, with 28- and 90-day mortality rates of 23% and 43%, respectively.

Conclusion:

These findings shed light on the immune response dynamics following SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to vaccinated individuals, where the latter showed significantly higher level of antibodies response, providing crucial insights for evaluating short-term herd immunity and the effectiveness of natural infection-induced immunity.
Refractory Idiopathic Hypereosinophilic Syndrome Presenting with Myocarditis and Responding to Imatinib: A Case Report
Authors: Albayyat Rasha Ali , AlQahtani Shaya Yaanallah , Sharofna Khalid Abdulaziz
Published: January 2025

Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a rare disorder characterized by persistent hypereosinophilia leading to multi-organ dysfunction. Its clinical manifestations vary widely; however, cardiac and neurological involvement are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Corticosteroids are the initial treatment of choice, but in idiopathic HES resistant to corticosteroids, second-line therapy should be considered. Imatinib is usually reserved for patients with a positive platelet-derived growth factor receptor A (PDGFR-A) mutation; however, its use in idiopathic HES with a negative PDGFR mutation is debatable given that such patients usually respond well to high doses of corticosteroids. Here, we present a case of a young male with corticosteroid-refractory idiopathic HES successfully treated with imatinib. The patient presented with features suggestive of acute coronary syndrome and confusion. A coronary angiogram was normal. Echocardiography showed an ejection fraction of 37%, and brain imaging showed evidence of multifocal cerebral thromboembolic infarcts. During the hospital stay, the patient developed diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Biochemically, it was noted that the patient had hypereosinophilia. Through thorough workup, a diagnosis of idiopathic HES was established. The patient was started on high-dose corticosteroid (500 mg intravenous methylprednisolone daily) followed by a maintenance dose of prednisolone (0.5 mg/kg/day), but had no response. Second-line therapy with imatinib (400 mg per oral daily for 4 days and then down-titrated to 100 mg daily) was initiated, which resulted in drastic biochemical and clinical improvements. This case report supports the efficacy of imatinib as a second-line agent in corticosteroid-resistant idiopathic HES with a negative PDGFR mutation.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Impact on the Academic Performance of Medical Students at a Saudi Arabian University
Authors: Alharbi Sara M. , Alanazi Albandari A. , Alamri Asma S. , Alaluan Hasah F. , Alhuways Wesam A. , Suwayid Raghad K. , Almeneessier Aljohara S.
Published: January 2025

Background:

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common condition, but there is a lack of evidence from Saudi Arabia regarding its impact on the academic performance of medical students.

Objectives:

To determine the prevalence and associated factors of OSA among medical students at a Saudi Arabian university and its impact on academic performance.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted between October and December 2021 and selected first- to fifth-year medical students at King Saudi University, Riyadh, using a disproportionate stratified random sampling according to gender and academic year. The questionnaire comprised two sections: the first elicited sociodemographic information, self-reported GPA, and presence of chronic diseases, while the second included the English and Arabic versions of the Berlin Questionnaire.

Results:

A total of 621 responses were received, of which 61.8% were male and the mean age was 21.1 (±1.7) years. The prevalence of high-risk OSA was 14.5%. There was a significant association between being at a high risk of OSA and male gender (P < 0.001). In the multiple logistic regression model, male gender (odds ratio [OR] = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.01–3.9; P = 0.047) and overweight/obesity (OR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.92–3.5; P = 0.001) were significant predictors of OSA. OSA was not a significant predictor of academic performance (OR: 0.7, 95% CI: 0.48–1.03; P = 0.07).

Conclusion:

This study found that among first- to fifth-year medical students at a Saudi Arabian university, male gender and obesity were significant predictors of obstructive sleep apnea. On the other hand, obstructive sleep apnea was not a significant predictor of academic performance.
Spectral identities for Schrödinger operators
Authors: Guliyev Namig J.
Published: January 2025

We obtain a system of identities relating boundary coefficients and spectral data for the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation with boundary conditions containing rational Herglotz–Nevanlinna functions of the eigenvalue parameter. These identities can be thought of as a kind of mini version of the Gelfand–Levitan integral equation for boundary coefficients only.