bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diverse prehistoric cattle husbandry strategies in the forests of Central Europe
Authors: Gillis Rosalind E. , Kendall Iain P. , Roffet-Salque Mélanie , Zanon Marco , Anders Alexandra , Arbogast Rose-Marie , Bogucki Peter , Brychova Veronika , Casanova Emmanuelle , Classen Erich , Csengeri Piroska , Czerniak Lech , Domboróczki László , Fiorillo Denis , Gronenborn Detlef , Hachem Lamys , Jakucs János , Ilett Michael , Lyublyanovics Kyra , Lenneis Eva , Marciniak Arkadiusz , Marton Tibor , Oross Krisztián , Pavúk Juraj , Pechtl Joachim , Pyzel Joanna , Stadler Peter , Stäuble Harald , Vostrovská Ivana , van Wijk Ivo , Vigne Jean-Denis , Balasse Marie , Evershed Richard P.
Published: October 2024

During the sixth millennium bce, the first farmers of Central Europe rapidly expanded across a varied mosaic of forested environments. Such environments would have offered important sources of mineral-rich animal feed and shelter, prompting the question: to what extent did early farmers exploit forests to raise their herds? Here, to resolve this, we have assembled multi-regional datasets, comprising bulk and compound-specific stable isotope values from zooarchaeological remains and pottery, and conducted cross-correlation analyses within a palaeo-environmental framework. Our findings reveal a diversity of pasturing strategies for cattle employed by early farmers, with a notable emphasis on intensive utilization of forests for grazing and seasonal foddering in some regions. This experimentation with forest-based animal feeds by early farmers would have enhanced animal fertility and milk yields for human consumption, concurrently contributing to the expansion of prehistoric farming settlements and the transformation of forest ecosystems. Our study emphasizes the intricate relationship that existed between early farmers and forested landscapes, shedding light on the adaptive dynamics that shaped humans, animals and environments in the past.
A global dataset of salmonid biomass in streams
Authors: Foote Kyleisha J. , Grant James W. A. , Biron Pascale M.
Published: October 2024

Salmonid fishes are arguably one of the most studied fish taxa on Earth, but little is known about their biomass range in many parts of the world. We created a dataset of estimated salmonid biomass using published material of over 1000 rivers, covering 27 countries and 11 species. The dataset, spanning 84 years of data, is the largest known compilation of published studies on salmonid biomass in streams, allowing detailed analyses of differences in biomass by species, region, period, and sampling techniques. Production is also recorded for 194 rivers, allowing further analyses and relationships between biomass and production to be explored. There is scope to expand the list of variables in the dataset, which would be useful to the scientific community as it would enable models to be developed to predict salmonid biomass and production, among many other analyses.
Cachexia and efficiency of trifluridine/thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor + bevacizumab in metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Shibutani Masatsune , Tanda Hideki , Seki Yuki , Kashiwagi Shinichiro , Nishiyama Tsuyoshi , Fukui Yasuhiro , Imanishi Daiki , Kasashima Hiroaki , Fukuoka Tatsunari , Maeda Kiyoshi
Published: October 2024

In later-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), there may be large differences in treatment efficacy depending on cancer cachexia. Recently, the cachexia index (CXI), which was calculated from the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), serum albumin concentration, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, was developed to evaluate cancer cachexia. We retrospectively examined the CXI of 80 patients who were treated with trifluridine/thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor (FTD/TPI) + bevacizumab (Bmab) therapy as a later-line treatment for mCRC, and assessed the impact of cancer cachexia on chemotherapeutic efficacy using CXI. Progression-free and overall survival rates were significantly worse in the low CXI group than in the high CXI group, although there were no marked differences in tumor factors, such as the number of metastatic organs or gene mutations, between the two groups. As the cross-sectional area of the iliopsoas muscle was significantly associated with that of the skeletal muscle, the accuracy of the CXI based on the psoas mass index (P-CXI), which is easier to calculate than the SMI, in predicting treatment outcomes was equivalent to that of the CXI based on the SMI (S-CXI). Cancer cachexia is an important factor related to treatment efficacy in later-line treatments, such as FTD/TPI + Bmab therapy.
Harnessing DNA computing and nanopore decoding for practical applications: from informatics to microRNA-targeting diagnostics
Authors: Takiguchi Sotaro , Takeuchi Nanami , Shenshin Vasily , Gines Guillaume , Genot Anthony J. , Nivala Jeff , Rondelez Yannick , Kawano Ryuji
Published: October 2024

This tutorial review provides fundamentals on DNA computing and nanopore-based decoding, highlighting recent advances towards microRNA-targeting diagnostic applications.
Simultaneous determination of glucose and albumin in human urine using attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Dias Keith , Koohachaisakul Pukkaramai , Hainak Thanaree , Suksaard Thanyathorn , Promptmas Chamras , Jandeleit-Dahm Karin , Wood Bayden R.
Published: October 2024

The ability to quantify albuminuria and glucose is important in identifying conditions such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and diabetes.
Hydrogen-bond engineering induced ferroelastic phase transition in copper-based organic–inorganic hybrid thermochromic materials
Authors: Deng Xin , Zhou Lin , Yan Xin , Wang Yan-Juan , Yang Wen-Li , Lv Hui-Peng , Tang Yuan-Yuan
Published: October 2024

In this work, the ferroelastic phase transition of the thermochromic compound ([(2-amino-4-methylpyridine)2CuCl4]) was successfully induced by hydrogen-bond engineering, which sheds light on the design of multifunctional materials.
Exploiting hydrogenases for biocatalytic hydrogenations
Authors: Sokolova Daria , Vincent Kylie A.
Published: October 2024

The ability of hydrogenase enzymes to activate H2 with excellent selectivity leads to many interesting possibilities for biotechnology driven by H2 as a clean reductant.
Detecting single-point isomeric differences in polymer chains by MOF column chromatography
Authors: Hosono Nobuhiko , Kono Yu , Mizutani Nagi , Koga Daichi , Uemura Takashi
Published: October 2024

A MOF-packed column can detect a pinpoint difference in a polymer chain through a nanopore-threading recognition mechanism.
Intermolecular interaction potential maps from energy decomposition for interpreting reactivity and intermolecular interactions
Authors: Kiani Amin , Zhou Wentong , Wolf Lawrence M.
Published: October 2024

The development and application of intermolecular interaction potential maps to rationalize a range of interactions at the DFT level using suitable probes is described.
Exploring the versatility of MoSe2/WS2 heterostructures
Authors: Vu Tuan V. , Vo Dat D. , Nguyen Cuong Q. , Hieu Nguyen N. , Phuc Huynh V. , Nguyen Chuong V.
Published: October 2024

Two-dimensional materials and their combined heterostructures have paved the way for numerous next-generation electronic and optoelectronic applications.
A bioinspired water oxidation catalyst that is ∼1/10th as active as the photosystem II oxygen evolving center at pH 7: a study of activity and stability factors
Authors: Boskovic Danijel , Terrett Richard , Longhurst Matthew , Basheer Sabeel , Ariafard Alireza , Wagner Pawel , Pace Ronald J. , Stranger Rob , Swiegers Gerhard F.
Published: October 2024

Ca-doped birnessite MnOx on liquid crystalline reduced graphene oxide exhibits unprecedented performance for an abiological catalyst at pH 7, including a very low onset overpotential of 0.52 V and high activity per unit area at 0.56 V overpotential.
Achieving isopropenyl-enriched polyisoprene: unraveling the role of bidentate vs. tridentate iron precatalysts through ligand framework design
Authors: Sohail Sunny , Ma Yanping , Mahmood Qaiser , Hu Zexu , Wang Yizhou , Liang Tongling , Sun Wen-Hua
Published: October 2024

The coordination sphere and steric variations in iron catalysts present a fascinating strategy for adjusting monomer regio- and stereoselective enchainment, leading to the development of novel polymer structures in isoprene polymerization.
A Zr-based metal–organic framework drug release system with long-lasting antibacterial behavior for accelerating wound healing
Authors: Zheng Hui-Qian , Feng Han-Xiao , Li Bing-Xin , Hui Yi-Fei , Lin Yi-Han , Su Xian-Feng , Yan Lai-Peng , Zhou Zijie , Lin Zu-Jin , Tang Faqiang
Published: October 2024

A biocompatible Zr-based metal–organic framework drug release system, CIP@SU-102, was fabricated by the cation exchange method, which shows superior and long-lasting antibacterial activity as well as effective promotion of infected wound healing.
Leachability of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances from contaminated concrete
Authors: Srivastava Prashant , Douglas Grant , Davis Greg B. , Kookana Rai S. , Nguyen Canh Tien Trinh , Williams Mike , Bowles Karl , Kirby Jason K.
Published: October 2024

This study examines PFAS leaching behavior from concrete contaminated by the historical use of aqueous film-forming foams at an Australian Defence site, highlighting the long-term environmental implications of contaminated infrastructure.
2D Mo2AlB2 transition-metal-aluminum-boride-phase-integrated TiO2 nanoparticles enable accelerated carbendazim photodegradation: impact of ohmic junctions and electric fields
Authors: Narendran Moorthy Gnanasekar , John Bosco Aruljothy
Published: October 2024

An ohmic junction was developed by incorporating TiO2 nanoparticles into 2D Mo2AlB2 using ultrasound-assisted self-assembly. This novel composite showed enhanced photocatalytic degradation of carbendazim, accelerating pesticide breakdown.
Dietary Lactobacillus johnsonii-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate acute colitis by regulating gut microbiota and maintaining intestinal barrier homeostasis
Authors: Li Zhiguo , Li Mengyu , Fang Xuexun , Yu Dahai , Hu Xin
Published: October 2024

Lactobacillus johnsonii-derived extracellular vesicles (LJ-EVs) improve gut microbiota disruption and metabolism in colitis mice, while activating the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant signaling pathway to maintain intestinal barrier homeostasis.
Magnetic polarons reach a hundred thousand Bohr magnetons
Authors: Usachev Pavel A. , Kats Vladimir N. , Shelukhin Leonid A. , Pavlov Victor V. , Averyanov Dmitry V. , Sokolov Ivan S. , Parfenov Oleg E. , Kondratev Oleg A. , Taldenkov Alexander N. , Inyushkin Alexander V. , Tokmachev Andrey M. , Storchak Vyacheslav G.
Published: October 2024

Laser excitation of the magnetic semiconductor EuO results in giant magnetic polarons with record-high magnetic moments exceeding 105 Bohr magnetons, prompting applications in optoelectronics.
Retarding anion exchanges in lead halide perovskite nanocrystals by ligand immobilization
Authors: Sharma Gauri , Rathod Radha , Santra Pralay K.
Published: October 2024

Plasma treatment causes the crosslinking of passivating molecules around CsPbX3 (X = Cl−, Br−, I−) perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs), which retards the anion exchanges.
A highly active and durable NiMoCuCo catalyst with moderated hydroxide adsorption energy for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Choi Hyeonggeun , Jo Seunghwan , Shin Ki Hoon , Lim HeeYoung , Zhang Liting , Lee Keon Beom , Lee Young-Woo , Sohn Jung Inn
Published: October 2024

A charge valence state and surface-electronegativity-modulated NiMoCuCo composite is proposed as an active and durable alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalyst with moderated hydroxide adsorption energy.
Surface oxygen chemistry of metal oxide semiconductors for gas-sensing applications
Authors: Li Jiayu , Na Ertai , Liang Xudong , Liang Qihua , Fan Meihong , Chen Hui , Li Guo-Dong , Zou Xiaoxin
Published: October 2024

This review summarizes characterization techniques, modification methods and recent mechanistic (oxygen participation roles) observations for metal–oxide semiconductor-based gas sensor materials and future prospects for advancing sensor technology.
Unprecedented aluminum molecular ring based-layer with tailorable optical limiting effect
Authors: Geng Lin , Wang Di , Chen Ran-Qi , Wang San-Tai , Zheng Chan , Fang Wei-Hui , Zhang Jian
Published: October 2024

This study achieved structural modulation from 0D aluminum rings to 2D MOF via a coordination-driven self-assembly strategy. Notably, the exfoliated nanosheets showed enhanced NLO properties, highlighting their potential in optical applications.
Heterointerface synergy between a 3 × 3 tunnel τ-MnO2 cathode and Mg2(OH)3Cl·4H2O for achieving long cycle-life aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Xu Fang , Zheng Jialin , Liu Dai-Huo , Wang Ao , Li Zhenjiang , Xu Chunyan , Song Mengqin , Zhang Beinuo , Bai Zhengyu , Chen Zhongwei
Published: October 2024

The prepared of τ-MnO2–Mg2(OH)3Cl·4H2O heterostructure cathode material enhances Zn-ion diffusion, increases the proportion of Mn(IV) and suppresses structural instability, thereby improving the cycling stability of τ-MnO2.
“Delocalized π-bond” guided pyramidal nanocrystal superstructures for excellent light trapping in SERS
Authors: Shang Yang , Ren Bo , Wang Xiaotian , Lin Jie
Published: October 2024

A 2D CuI pyramidal superstructure is self-assembled in a manner similar to a delocalized π-bond, which effectively traps light and exhibits a remarkable SERS performance.
Photoinduced cobaloxime catalysis for allylic mono- and diphosphinylation of alkenes with hydrogen evolution
Authors: Zhang Aijun , Li Miao-Miao , Guo Lei , Yang Huaixiang , Guo Jiefei , Xu Da , Ding Wei
Published: October 2024

A highly efficient allylic radical mono- and diphosphinylation of alkenes with secondary phosphine oxides is developed, via visible-light-induced cobaloxime catalysis.
The reactivity of alkenyl boron reagents in catalytic reactions: recent advances and perspectives
Authors: Feng Ya-Li , Zhang Bo-Wen , Xu Youzhi , Jin Shengnan , Mazzarella Daniele , Cao Zhong-Yan
Published: October 2024

Recent advances focusing on novel reactivity of alkenyl boron reagents in polar or radical pathways within catalytic reactions by employing transition metal catalysis, organocatalysis have been summarized and discussed.
Sugar additive with a halogen group enabling a highly reversible and dendrite-free Zn anode
Authors: Xu Weihao , Ma Xipo , Lyu Pengbo , Gao Zhenren , Yan Chunshuang , Lv Chade
Published: October 2024

Sucralose, a weakly polar sugar electrolyte additive containing halogen elements, enables a highly reversible and dendrite-free Zn anode.
Psychometric analysis of the resonance concept inventory
Authors: Tetschner Grace C. , Nedungadi Sachin
Published: October 2024

Many undergraduate chemistry students hold alternate conceptions related to resonance—an important and fundamental topic of organic chemistry. To help address these alternate conceptions, an organic chemistry instructor could administer the resonance concept inventory (RCI), which is a multiple-choice assessment that was designed to identify resonance-related alternate conceptions held by organic chemistry students. In this study, two iterations of the RCI were administered to undergraduate organic chemistry students: the RCI-Pilot (N = 484) and the RCI-Final (N = 595). Evidence was collected to support the quality of the RCI items, the validity of the data obtained with the RCI based on internal structure, and the reliability of the data obtained with the RCI. Classical test theory (CTT) was utilized to determine the quality of the items. To gather validity evidence, the Rasch model was used and a differential item functioning (DIF) analysis was conducted. Reliability estimates were made using McDonald's Omega. Since validity and reliability evidence was gathered for the assessment scores, the data obtained in this study supports the use of the 14-item RCI for detecting student alternate conceptions with resonance.
Integrated computational and experimental design of fluorescent heteroatom-functionalised maleimide derivatives
Authors: Barker Jake E. , Richings Gareth W. , Xie Yujie , Rho Julia Y. , Ferguson Calum T. J. , O'Reilly Rachel K. , Habershon Scott
Published: October 2024

Combining in silico and experimental approaches to obtain new maleimide derivatives.
Mg2+-driven selection of natural phosphatidic acids in primitive membranes
Authors: Thaipurayil Madanan Krishnakavya , Li Yuhan , Boide-Trujillo Valeria J. , Russell David A. , Bonfio Claudia
Published: October 2024

Magnesium ions drive the selection of natural phosphatidic acids.
A potential well effect for efficient oxygen reduction and corrosion resistance under the operating temperature conditions of PEMFCs
Authors: Li Chang , Mao Yiyang , Qiu Ji , Wang Xixi , Miao Jie , Min Yulin , Zhou Wei , Shao Zongping
Published: October 2024

F-doping forms an oxygen molecule potential well, altering the energy distribution function of oxygen. Thus, this effect induces a localized enrichment zone for oxygen, leading to enhanced O2 adsorption.
A new approach for obtaining ceramic NASICON (Na3Zr2Si2PO12) films sintered in situ by a sol–gel method, using spray deposition and near-infra red sintering
Authors: Valls Rafael Marti , Griffin Rebecca , Sawhney Anne , Domingos-Dlofo Celina , Dunlop Tom , Reis Sam , Holliman Peter J. , Baker Jenny
Published: October 2024

In this work we demonstrate a NASICON film sintered in situ onto a fused silica substrate.
Multiple-design and synergism toward superhigh capacitive energy storage with (Bi0.5K0.5)TiO3-based lead-free superparaelectrics
Authors: Li Xinyao , Xi Jiachen , Li Chongyang , Bai Wangfeng , Wu Shiting , Zheng Peng , Li Peng , Zhai Jiwei
Published: October 2024

An unprecedented η of 91.2% (among all investigated BKT bulk ceramics) coupled with a high Wrec of 6.03 J cm−3 is first achieved in high-hardness BKT-based superparaelectrics via multiple synergistic design.
Engineering the pore size of interpenetrated metal–organic frameworks for molecular sieving separation of C2H2/C2H4
Authors: Wang Pengxiang , Shang Shuangqing , Xiong Hanting , Liu Xing , Liu Junhui , Shuai Hua , Wang Lingmin , Zhu Zhenglong , Zhao Zhiwei , Peng Yong , Chen Jingwen , Chen Shixia , Zhou Zhenyu , Wang Jun
Published: October 2024

Interpenetration-regulated pore size engineering is leveraged to fine-tune pore size in interpenetrated Zn-SDBA-dpe/bpy MOFs that creates a discrepancy in geometric symmetry, thus inducing noticeable differences in C2H2/C2H4 separation performances.
p–d Orbital coupling in silicon-based dual-atom catalysts for enhanced CO2 reduction: insight into electron regulation of active center and coordination atoms
Authors: Wang Meijie , Xiang Yaowei , Lin Yuxing , Sun Yang , Zhu Zi-zhong , Wu Shunqing , Cao Xinrui
Published: October 2024

The CO2RR performance of Si-based DACs was studied, identifying several DACs with enhanced activity for CO2 conversion. The Si atom's pz band, influenced by d-electrons, TM atom radius, and coordination, is the key descriptor for catalytic activity.
Enhancing near-infrared II photothermal conversion through anchoring numerous nanospheres to the edge of a gold nanosheet
Authors: Kong Yajie , He Qi , Zhang Heng , Sun Haoyu , Wang Yi , Wu Xiaohu , Ma Yanyun , Zheng Yiqun
Published: October 2024

Two-dimensional gold (Au) in-plane hybrid nanostructures are rationally designed with numerous quasi-spherical particles adorning the edge of a single plate, showcasing promising use in NIR-II photothermal conversion.
Machine learning application in municipal wastewater treatment to enhance the performance of a sequencing batch reactor wastewater treatment plant
Authors: Hassan Hagar H.
Published: October 2024

An ML model optimized the performance of an SBR WWTP when applied to OSL scenarios, ensuring regulatory compliance.
HOLISMOKES
Authors: Cañameras R. , Schuldt S. , Shu Y. , Suyu S. H. , Taubenberger S. , Andika I. T. , Bag S. , Inoue K. T. , Jaelani A. T. , Leal-Taixé L. , Meinhardt T. , Melo A. , More A.
Published: October 2024

While supervised neural networks have become state of the art for identifying the rare strong gravitational lenses from large imaging data sets, their selection remains significantly affected by the large number and diversity of non-lens contaminants. This work evaluates and compares systematically the performance of neural networks in order to move towards a rapid selection of galaxy-scale strong lenses with minimal human input in the era of deep, wide-scale surveys. We used multiband images from PDR2 of the Hyper-Suprime Cam (HSC) Wide survey to build test sets mimicking an actual classification experiment, with 189 securely-identified strong lenses from the literature over the HSC footprint and 70 910 non-lens galaxies in COSMOS covering representative lens-like morphologies. Multiple networks were trained on different sets of realistic strong-lens simulations and non-lens galaxies, with various architectures and data preprocessing, mainly using the deepest gri-bands. Most networks reached excellent area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves on the test set of 71 099 objects, and we determined the ingredients to optimize the true positive rate for a total number of false positives equal to zero or 10 (TPR0 and TPR10). The overall performances strongly depend on the construction of the ground-truth training data and they typically, but not systematically, improve using our baseline residual network architecture presented in Paper VI (Cañameras et al., A&A, 653, L6). TPR0 tends to be higher for ResNets (≃ 10–40%) compared to AlexNet-like networks or G-CNNs. Improvements are found when (1) applying random shifts to the image centroids, (2) using square-root scaled images to enhance faint arcs, (3) adding z-band to the otherwise used gri-bands, or (4) using random viewpoints of the original images. In contrast, we find no improvement when adding g – αi difference images (where α is a tuned constant) to subtract emission from the central galaxy. The most significant gain is obtained with committees of networks trained on different data sets, with a moderate overlap between populations of false positives. Nearly-perfect invariance to image quality can be achieved by using realistic PSF models in our lens simulation pipeline, and by training networks either with large number of bands, or jointly with the PSF and science frames. Overall, we show the possibility to reach a TPR0 as high as 60% for the test sets under consideration, which opens promising perspectives for pure selection of strong lenses without human input using the Rubin Observatory and other forthcoming ground-based surveys.
Natural satellites database (NSDB) revisited
Authors: Arlot J.-E. , Varfolomeev M. I. , Emelyanov N. V.
Published: October 2024

Context. Any study of the dynamics of the natural planetary satellites requires as many astrometric observations as possible. This type of work is partially made by each astronomer starting this type of study but it has never been done for all the natural planetary systems.

Aims. The goal of our work is to build a database of all available astrometric observations along with all the information needed for an efficient use of these data so that the astronomers interested in the dynamics of planetary satellites do not have to repeat the search for these data.

Methods. To do this, we sought and carefully read all the publications containing observational data, so that we are able to include the astrometric positions of satellites, the reference frame used by the observer, the corrections and reductions made, and timescale. Direct contact with observers was sometimes necessary to obtain raw unpublished data.

Results. A new database containing about 90% of all the observations that are useful for studying the dynamics of the planetary satellites is now available for the interested community of astronomers.
Evaluation of the epidemiological situation of intestinal schistosomiasis using the POC-CCA parasite antigen test and the Kato-Katz egg count test in school-age children in endemic villages in western Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Sokouri Edwige A. , Ahouty Bernardin , Abé Innocent A. , Yao Flora G.D. , Konan Thomas K. , Nyangiri Oscar A. , MacLeod Annette , Matovu Enock , Noyes Harry , Koffi Mathurin ,   TrypanoGEN+ Research Group of the H3Africa Consortium
Published: October 2024

Schistosomiasis is an endemic disease in Côte d’Ivoire. We compared the conventional Kato Katz (KK) test and a more sensitive but rarely used method, the point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA), in order to contribute to the development of a more appropriate strategy for the control and elimination of intestinal schistosomiasis in western Côte d’Ivoire. A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted in eight elementary schools in the Guémon and Cavally regions from February to December 2020. Selected schoolchildren provided stool and urine samples to detect the presence of Schistosoma mansoni eggs and parasite antigen using the KK and POC-CCA tests, respectively. A total of 554 schoolchildren were included in the study. The overall prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis was 10% and 67% for KK and POC-CCA, respectively. The POC-CCA detected an infection rate of 100%, while the KK yielded a rate of 42%. In schools, prevalence ranged from 27 to 100% with POC-CCA and from 0 to 42% with KK. Swimming, fishing, washing clothes, and dishwashing were significantly associated with the onset of infection and high intensities. The epidemiological risk factors for intestinal schistosomiasis updated here using KK and POC-CCA diagnostic methods showed that prevalence was much higher than previously estimated using the KK. The POC-CCA is more sensitive and ways should be considered to improve its specificity in order to improve the diagnosis.
Optimal forward contract design in a supply chain with asymmetric cost information
Authors: Luo Yuanyuan
Published: October 2024

In a buyer-led supply chain, the buyer utilizes a forward contract to effectively cope with the risk brought about by uncertainty in demand and raw material prices. However, the production cost, as private information of the supplier, will inevitably affect the formulation of a forward contract. This study constructs a procurement system consisting of a buyer, a supplier, and an imperfect spot market to explore how the buyer designs the forward contract under asymmetric cost information. By applying the principal-agent theory, this study allows the buyer to maximize profits while disclosing the supplier’s cost information. The results obtained indicate that in order to screen the cost type, the forward order quantity from the high-cost supplier is downward distorted. Asymmetric cost information reduces the buyer’s profits, but brings additional information rent to the supplier. Interestingly, it is also observed that asymmetric material cost information can discourage the buyer from engaging in speculative activities in the spot market. While the existence of a well-developed raw material spot market with a reduced price provides the buyer with an alternative means of procurement, which mitigates the negative impacts of his cost information disadvantages.
Be Curious. Try New Things
Authors: Thaler Johannes
Published: October 2024

Not much is needed to get started in experimental hemostasis research. If you have not done so yet, just go to your institution's lab and ask whether you can use some of their equipment: pipette, centrifuge, microplate reader, and CaCl2, that's basically all you need. Then, let someone draw a vial of your blood and here you go, with your first blood clotting experiment. But, wait! One thing is still missing. To perform your first assay, you are advised to use a reagent that initiates clotting of your blood sample. Interested in contact activation? Wondering whether the presence of coagulation factor (F) XII really is unimportant (as indicated by the fact that a complete deficiency of FXII does not lead to bleeding)? Then do it the way Christian Kastrup and his research group did.1 Grab your backpack and collect soil and clay in the nearby countryside. Back in the lab, crush the collected soil and clay samples and add a small amount of each sample to your aliquoted blood plasma sample, then add CaCl2, and measure the plasma clotting time on the microplate reader (do not forget the negative control, i.e., the addition of buffer to plasma instead of soil or clay sample). Likely, you will detect a massive reduction of the plasma clotting time when adding soil or clay (which you may also call “dirt”) to the recalcified aliquoted plasma samples. Doing so, you just have found further evidence for the dirty-wound hypothesis of coagulation function as proposed by Brian Cooley recently.2 He explained that dirt is an unavoidable ingredient of open wounds of land-based animals, and that coagulation is activated by dirt via FXII. Still believe that FXII is irrelevant? Interesting, isn't it? Before you swing the pipette, you might also be inspired by the exciting research presented in this theme issue of Hämostaseologie entitled “Coagulation Diagnostics beyond Routine.”
Geschlechtsspezifische und geschlechtsübergreifende Gründe für die
Berufswahl „Chirurg*in“ – ein Scoping Review
Authors: Hirsch Johanna , Bäcker Vanessa , Schüttpelz-Brauns Katrin
Published: October 2024

Einleitung Die Verfügbarkeit von hochqualifiziertem chirurgischen Personal
in Deutschland ist seit Jahren eine Herausforderung. Trotz verschiedener
Initiativen, um die Attraktivität der chirurgischen Weiterbildungen zu erhöhen,
bestehen weiterhin Probleme, motivierte und qualifizierte Ärzt*innen für die
Chirurgie zu gewinnen. Um passgenaue Angebote zur Nachwuchsgewinnung zu
entwickeln, müssen die Entscheidungsfaktoren bekannt sein.

Ziel Darstellung der geschlechtsspezifischen und geschlechtsübergreifenden
Gründe für die Wahl einer chirurgischen Facharztweiterbildung.

Methode Im Rahmen eines Scoping Reviews wurden über PubMed sowie einer
anschließenden Rückwärtssuche Studien zur Beantwortung der Forschungsfrage
identifiziert. Die aus den Studien extrahierten Daten wurden narrativ
zusammenfasst und Kategorien herausgearbeitet.

Ergebnisse Die Auswertung von 12 Studien ergab, dass Männer und Frauen
aufgrund der Merkmale des chirurgischen Fachs, personenbezogener Faktoren und
Faktoren der Weiterbildungsstelle Chirurg*in werden möchten.
Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede konnten ebenfalls identifiziert werden. Es
werden konkrete Maßnahmen vorgeschlagen, um Nachwuchs in der Chirurgie zu
fördern.
Analyse der Todesarten vor und nach staatsanwaltschaftlichen
Ermittlungen in Baden-Württemberg
Authors: Gonser Theodor , Spannenkrebs Monika , Foell Michael
Published: October 2024

Schwierigkeiten bei der Todesursachendiagnose wurden in der Literatur vielfach
thematisiert. Studien zur Qualitätssicherung der Feststellung der Todesart und
die Ergebnisse staatsanwaltlicher Ermittlungen sind jedoch rar. In der
vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die Daten von sechs Gesundheitsämtern in
Baden-Württemberg zu sämtlichen Todesfällen der Jahre 2016–2018 analysiert. Es
fanden sich zwischen den einzelnen Staatsanwaltsbezirken signifikante
Unterschiede hinsichtlich der im Rahmen der ärztlichen Leichenschau
festgestellten Todesart. In 6,3 [4,5–7,4]% aller Todesfälle leiteten die
Staatsanwaltschaften Ermittlungen ein. Bei 6,0 [4,3–8,5]% dieser Ermittlungen
wurde eine Obduktion veranlasst. Ein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den
Staatsanwaltsbezirken konnte dabei nicht nachgewiesen werden.
Splenic injury associated with colonoscopy in hospitalized patients: Incidence, risk factors, management, and outcome
Authors: Koop Herbert , Skupnik Christoph , Schnoor Torsten , Horenkamp-Sonntag Dirk
Published: October 2024

Background and study aims The frequency of splenic injuries due to coloscopy is largely unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to give estimate the risk for hospitalized patients.

Patients and methods Using the administrative database from a health insurance company with more than 10 million insured subjects, patients undergoing inpatient colonoscopy associated with a splenic injury within 2 weeks were retrieved from the administrative records based upon OPS (comparable to International Classification of Procedures in Medicine) and ICD-10 codes. In each case identified (n = 141), the individual course of the hospital stay was reconstructed and analyzed by two experienced physicians. Patients with overt other causes of splenic injuries (e. g. abominal surgery, trauma etc.) were not further evaluated.

Results Among 190,927 total colonoscopies over a 5-year period, 27 splenic lesions were most likely solely due to colonoscopy. This accounts for 14.1 splenic injuries per 100,000 colonoscopies or one lesion in 7,071 patients. Afflicted patients were older and more likely to be female than male (risk in females: 1 in 5,324 colonoscopies). Surgical interventions were carried out in 17 cases, predominantly splenectomy (n = 15) whereas 10 events were managed conservatively. Transfusions and requirement for intensive care unit treatment were strong predictors of need for surgery. Most lesions (74%) were diagnosed within 48 hours after colonoscopy. Death occurred in two patients, but less likely directly due to the splenic injury.

Conclusions Administrative data analysis suggests that splenic injuries due to colonoscopy are more frequent than previously estimated. Endoscopists should be aware of this rare life-threatening adverse event.
Dynamic entrainment: A deep learning and data-driven process approach for synchronization in the Hodgkin–Huxley model
Authors: Saghafi Soheil , Sanaei Pejman
Published: October 2024

Resonance and synchronized rhythm are significant phenomena observed in dynamical systems in nature, particularly in biological contexts. These phenomena can either enhance or disrupt system functioning. Numerous examples illustrate the necessity for organs within the human body to maintain their rhythmic patterns for proper operation. For instance, in the brain, synchronized or desynchronized electrical activities can contribute to neurodegenerative conditions like Huntington’s disease. In this paper, we utilize the well-established Hodgkin–Huxley (HH) model, which describes the propagation of action potentials in neurons through conductance-based mechanisms. Employing a “data-driven” approach alongside the outputs of the HH model, we introduce an innovative technique termed “dynamic entrainment.” This technique leverages deep learning methodologies to dynamically sustain the system within its entrainment regime. Our findings show that the results of the dynamic entrainment technique match with the outputs of the mechanistic (HH) model.
Impact of atomizer design on slurry fuel atomization behavior
Authors: Kuznetsov Geniy , Podgornaya Elizaveta , Strizhak Pavel , Volkov Roman
Published: October 2024

The paper presents experimental findings on the atomization characteristics of coal–water slurries with and without petrochemicals. The fuels were based on flame coal filter cake (slime), which is a typical coal processing waste, flame coal of different particle sizes, wood biomass (sawdust), used transformer oil, and water. The atomized flow characteristics—droplet size and velocity as well as jet angle—were found to depend on the atomizer dimensions and slurry rheology. The experimental data were used to calculate the slurry atomization efficiency factor. The findings were generalized to provide a mathematical description of how the slurry composition and atomizer geometry affect the slurry atomization behavior. Approximations were obtained for atomization characteristics that can be used to predict the jet angle as well as droplet radii and velocities. The developed mathematical tool can be employed to calculate the spraying characteristics when using devices like external-mix twin-fluid atomizers. The approach proposed for data generalization can be applied to adapt the set of approximation equations to other types of nozzles.
Generalized bigraded Toda hierarchy
Authors: Liu Yue , Yan Xingjie , Wang Jinbiao , Cheng Jipeng
Published: October 2024

Bigraded Toda hierarchy L1M(n)=L2N(n) is generalized to L1M(n)=L2N(n)+∑j∈Z∑i=1mqn(i)Λjrn+1(i), which is the analogue of the famous constrained KP hierarchy Lk=(Lk)≥0+∑i=1mqi∂−1ri. It is known that different bosonizations of fermionic KP hierarchy will give rise to different kinds of integrable hierarchies. Starting from the fermionic form of constrained KP hierarchy, bilinear equation of this generalized bigraded Toda hierarchy (GBTH) are derived by using 2–component boson–fermion correspondence. Next based upon this, the Lax structure of GBTH is obtained. Conversely, we also derive bilinear equation of GBTH from the corresponding Lax structure.
Fluorescence imaging of plume-surface interaction in large-scale reduced pressure environments
Authors: Rodrigues N. S. , Tyrrell O. K. , Danehy P. M.
Published: October 2024

Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) was applied for the first time in the 20-ft vacuum chamber at the Marshall Space Flight Center to visualize the plume-surface interaction (PSI) of a nitrogen jet seeded with nitric oxide (NO). A Mach 5.3 nozzle was used to simulate the exhaust of a landing spacecraft for two different jet stagnation pressures and one jet stagnation temperature. A flat plate was used to simulate the landing surface, and two different dimensionless altitudes were investigated. The chamber pressure was reduced such that both lunar-relevant environments at 0.01–28 Pa and Martian-relevant environments at ∼600 Pa were investigated. PLIF flow visualization was performed using a pulsed, tunable, ultraviolet laser, which entered the vacuum chamber through a window, and was directed to the test article using remote-controlled mirrors. Fluorescence at ultraviolet wavelengths was imaged using an intensified camera, which was placed inside a pressurized enclosure located inside the vacuum chamber. For the Martian-relevant condition, a Mach disk and stagnation bubble were observed at h/De = 10, whereas a pair of oblique stagnation shocks were observed at h/De = 3. Significantly complex flows, such as different stagnation shock behaviors, were observed for the lunar-relevant conditions based on the h/De and Reynolds number. The results presented here are the first NO-PLIF measurements of the PSI flowfield within rarefied environments. The unique information on jet expansion and plume structure will be useful to aid researchers in validating complex computational simulations and to inform engineering designs of extraterrestrial landing systems.
A dynamical calo-porosimeter to characterize wetting and drying processes in lyophobic nanometric pores
Authors: Michel Loïc , Giraud Jérôme , Chèvremont William , Gérard Valentin , Ugo Heloïse , Picard Maël , Boniface Dolachai , Charlaix Élisabeth , Picard Cyril
Published: October 2024

Lyophobic heterogeneous systems, based on porous fluids made of ordered nanoporous particles immersed in a non-wetting liquid, constitute systems of interest for exploring wetting, drying, and coupled transport phenomena in nanometric confinement. To date, most experimental studies on the forced filling and spontaneous emptying of lyophobic nanometric pores, at pressures of several tens of MPa, have been conducted in a quasi-static regime. However, some studies have shown that dynamical measurements are essential to shed light on the rich physics of these phenomena. We describe here a dynamical calo-porosimeter that allows for the simultaneous mechanical and calorimetric characterization of filling and emptying cycles over four decades of timescales, ranging from a few milliseconds to 10 seconds. This thermally regulated instrument can be operated between −5 and 70°C. It also enables the study of a given porous material successively with different liquids by switching from one to another. The characterization of wetting dynamics, the study of slow kinetics due to changes in solute concentration, and the rapid measurement of the heat of wetting, among other thermal properties, are presented as examples of the possible applications of this apparatus.
Enhanced water splitting on (010) facet-exposed BiVO4 photoanode with improved carrier injection efficiency
Authors: Zhao Hongru , Wei Xinkong , Gu Ruiyin , Xie Mingzheng , Han Weihua
Published: October 2024

Transition metal oxide semiconductors, noted for their stability and suitable bandgap, are promising photoanodes for water splitting. Surface engineering is critical to tackle issues like low carrier mobility and charge recombination, stemming from atomic arrangement and Fermi level differences. While exposing dominant crystal facets boosts photocatalytic capability, it can hinder carrier injection into the electrolyte. In this study, BiVO4 films with various facet exposures were synthesized and characterized using scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction to confirm their morphology and crystalline structure. Mott–Schottky analysis was employed to investigate changes in the band structure near the semiconductor–electrolyte interface, revealing that high (010)-BiVO4 facet exposure enhances carrier separation but reduces injection efficiency. The results from photoconductive atomic force microscopy tests demonstrated that enhanced band bending at the semiconductor interface improves hole transfer. Coating the (010)-BiVO4 photoanode with MoS2 and an amorphous ZrO2 interlayer yielded a photocurrent density of 0.6 mA cm−2 at 1.2 V (vs RHE) under AM 1.5 G illumination, tripling the pristine photoanode's performance and nearly tripling water splitting efficiency. Mechanism revealing the improved photoelectrochemical performance is attributed to a greater band bending on the BiVO4 surface, enhancing hole injection dynamics. This work provides a feasible strategy for a deeper understanding of the intrinsic mechanisms of facet engineering and improving the activity of photoanodes.
Low-cost green antisolvent with an ultrawide processing window for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Li Hui , Han Junhui , Lan Qimin , Wu Zhe , Shao Cong , Li Xing'ao , Wang Jizheng
Published: October 2024

Antisolvent engineering is one of the most useful strategies to get high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Nevertheless, the most present commonly used effective antisolvents, such as chlorobenzene and diethyl ether, are toxic and expensive. Moreover, these antisolvents applied in PSCs are rather restricted due to their narrow processing window. Herein, we report a low-cost green antisolvent isopropanol (IPA) that displays ultrawide processing window, which dramatically enhances the reproducibility of PSCs. The highest power conversation efficiency of PSCs treated by IPA can reach as high as 24.8%. The origin of IPA effects is further disclosed by the intermolecular hydrogen-bonding force between IPA and DMF/DMSO, and the force can effectively remove DMF/DMSO in the spinning perovskite precursor film and helpfully enhance perovskite crystal growth with less carrier recombination as demonstrated by using various techniques. Our results here demonstrate a cheap green antisolvent for reproducible, high-efficient, stable PSCs and also provide an in-depth understanding the significant role of antisolvent in the fabrication of PSCs.
Effects of dietary phytase supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood metabolites of weaned piglets
Authors: Kinara Elick , Tajudeen Habeeb , Hosseindoust Abdolreza , Mun Jun Young , Ha Sang Hun , Park Se Rin , Lee Choon Han , Bindhu Lakshmibai Vasanthakumari , Tan Justin , Kim Jin Soo
Published: October 2024

Context Phytase plays a crucial role in the nutrition of piglets. Incorporating phytase into weaner pigs’ diet may alleviate the anti-nutritional effect by catalyzing the hydrolysis of phytic acid. As a result, bounded phosphorus and other minerals become more available for absorption, thereby enhancing nutrient utilization growth performance. Aims This study evaluated the efficacy of dietary phytase supplementation on the performance of weaned piglets. Methods Two hundred and forty cross-bred piglets (Yorkshire × Landrace × Duroc), of initial average bodyweight (BW) of 5.57 ± 1 kg at weaning, were assigned to five dietary treatments in a complete randomized block design. The study was conducted in the following three phases: Phase 1 (Days 1–7), Phase 2 (Days 8–21), and Phase 3 (Days 22–35). The treatments included basal diet containing 0.15% lower concentration of both total calcium and total phosphorus (NC), a standard basal diet (PC), NC + 500 phytase units per kilogram of feed (NC500), NC + 1000 phytase units per kilogram of feed (NC1000), and NC + 1500 phytase units per kilogram of feed (NC1500). Key results In Phase 1, the final BW was higher (P < 0.01) in PC and the phytase-supplemented diets than in the NC treatment. In Phase 2, Phase 3, and the overall days the average daily gain (ADG) and gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) were greater (P < 0.05) in the PC and the phytase-supplemented diets than in the NC treatments. The ADG and G:F were also higher (P < 0.01) in the phytase-supplemented diets than in the NC treatment. The digestibility of calcium, phosphorus, and blood myo-inositol was higher (P < 0.05) in the phytase-supplemented diets than in the NC treatment in Phase 2. In Phase 3, the level of blood myo-inositol was higher (P < 0.01) in the phytase-supplemented diets than in NC. Fecal inositol hexakisphosphate was lower (P < 0.01) in the phytase-supplemented diets than in NC in both Phases 1 and 2. Conclusion Dietary supplementation of phytase increased the digestibility of phytate by releasing phosphorus, calcium, and myo-inositol concentration, leading to improved growth performance. Implications Inclusion of phytase in pig diets can help farmers save money on feed additives such as phosphorus, improve environmental sustainability, and promote better growth performance.
Editorial: Clinical implementation to optimise outcomes for people with brain conditions
Authors: Wong Dana , Kramer Sharon , Lannin Natasha
Published: October 2024

This Editorial introduces the Collection on Clinical Implementation to Optimise Outcomes. It describes common issues in implementation research and how the papers in the special collection address these. The content and key messages from the papers are described, and an overview of relevant implementation theories and frameworks is provided. It finishes with a call to action for researchers, clinicians and policymakers. This article belongs to the Collection Clinical Implementation to Optimise Outcomes.
Factors influencing travel time and getaway time of helitack crews on wildfires in the province of Quebec
Authors: Brunet Frédéric , Boucher Jonathan , Bouchard Mathieu
Published: October 2024

Background Reducing the delay between the detection of a fire and the arrival of the initial attack (IA) crew can have a significant impact on the likelihood of the IA’s success. Aims The objective of this study was to identify factors influencing same-day getaway time, next-day getaway time and travel time of helitack IA crews in the province of Quebec, Canada. Methods Using generalised linear modelling and model selection, we analysed the impact of multiple factors on these three distinct times. Key results Our results show that factors such as the distance between the departure base and the fire, the number of flight legs to reach a fire, dispatch hour, departure base location, the fire’s rate of spread, Julian date, the number of active fires, fuel type and the fire’s size at detection all influenced getaway time and travel time with varying degrees of influence. Conclusions The factors with the highest influence were distance for travel time and dispatch hour for both same-day and next-day getaway times. Implications Addressing these high-impact factors through the modification of deployment policies and the positioning of helitack crews could help reduce response times.