bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous effects of health shocks in developed countries: Evidence from Australia
Authors: Islam Asad , Parasnis Jaai
Published: August 2022

We examine how health shocks impact on households' decision to save, and how different socioeconomic and ethnic groups respond to health shocks in Australia. We find that health shocks are associated with a substantial reduction in individual savings. We do not find any substitution of labor supply by a partner in response to an individual's health shocks. We extend previous work by examining whether access to formal health insurance or government benefits mitigate the economic consequences of a health shock. We find evidence that negative health shocks are associated with an increase in receipts of public transfers and benefits in the following years. There is evidence that the fall in savings is greater for low‐income individuals. Individuals who have private health insurance are more affected by health shocks, compared with individuals who do not have private health insurance, suggesting a role for selection into private health insurance.
Customized scheduling for shared bus with deadlines
Authors: Jin Yong , Xu Jia , Xu Lijie , Liu Linfeng , Xiao Fu
Published: August 2022

Public transportation system is one of the most effective ways to conserve energy and reduce carbon emissions. However, the traditional public transportation system does not provide customized service and cannot guarantee the arrival time to destination. To address these issues, we formulate the minimum shared bus scheduling problem to minimize the number of shared buses such that all orders can be completed under constraints of deadlines and capacity of shared bus. We propose the approximation algorithms, S‐MBSA for the shared bus with strong endurance and E‐MBSA for the large‐scale order scenario, to solve the minimum shared bus scheduling problem. We further formulate the constrained maximum revenue shared bus scheduling problem to maximize the revenue under the limited number of shared buses, and propose an approximation algorithm, CMRBSA, to find the shared bus route schedules. Through the extensive simulations, we demonstrate the significant superiority of S‐MBSA and E‐MBSA in terms of number of shared buses. Furthermore, CMRBSA outperforms the benchmark algorithms significantly in terms of revenue.
WSR 2.0 (1): History and present
Authors: Zhu Zhichang
Published: August 2022

This is the first of a series of papers that present an update of the over‐four‐decades practice, theorising and universalisation of a systems approach to management from China: Wuli‐Shili‐Rneli (WSR). The paper begins with a brief review of the evolution, features and problematics of WSR 1.0, then envisages continuities, changes and tasks in developing WSR 2.0 and finally traces the evolution trajectory of the meaning of li, a core category in Confucian teaching and the WSR approach. This is to lay a historical‐conceptual stage for the proceeding of the forthcoming papers in the series that will address, respectively, wuli‐shili‐renli notions, WSR and systems thinking, pragmatic ontology, pragmatic rationality, application modes and rooted universalisation.
CELL RENEWAL AND APOPTOSIS IN MACROSTOMUM SP. [LIGNANO]
Authors: Nimeth K. , Ladurner P. , Gschwentner R. , Salvenmoser W. , Rieger R.
Published: August 2022

In platyhelminths, all cell renewal is accomplished by totipotent stem cells (neoblasts). Tissue maintenance is achieved in a balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis. It is known that in Macrostomum sp. the epidermis undergoes extensive cell renewal. Here we show that parenchymal cells also exhibit a high rate of cell turnover. We demonstrate cell renewal using continuous 5′bromo‐2‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) exposure. About one‐third of all cells are replaced after 14 days. The high level of replacement requires an equivalent removal of cells by apoptosis. Cell death is characterized using a combination of three methods: (1) terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labelling (TUNEL), (2) specific binding of phosphatidyl‐serine to fluorescent‐labelled annexin V and (3) identification of apoptotic stages by ultrastructure. The number of cells observed in apoptosis is insufficient to explain the homeostasis of tissues inMacrostomum. Apoptosis‐independent mechanisms may play an additional role in tissue dynamics.
Recursive computation of Feynman periods
Authors: Borinsky Michael , Schnetz Oliver
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Feynman periods are Feynman integrals that do not depend on external kinematics. Their computation, which is necessary for many applications of quantum field theory, is greatly facilitated by graphical functions or the equivalent conformal four-point integrals. We describe a set of transformation rules that act on such functions and allow their recursive computation in arbitrary even dimensions. As a concrete example we compute all subdivergence-free Feynman periods inϕ3theory up to six loops and 561 of 607 Feynman periods at seven loops analytically. Our results support the conjectured existence of a coaction structure in quantum field theory and suggest thatϕ3andϕ4theory share the same number content.
Flops of any length, Gopakumar-Vafa invariants and 5d Higgs branches
Authors: Collinucci Andrés , De Marco Mario , Sangiovanni Andrea , Valandro Roberto
Published: August 2022

Abstract

The conifold is a basic example of a noncompact Calabi-Yau threefold that admits a simple flop, and in M-theory, gives rise to a 5d hypermultiplet at low energies, realized by an M2-brane wrapped on the vanishing sphere. We develop a novel gauge-theoretic method to construct new classes of examples that generalize the simple flop to so-called length ℓ = 1, . . . , 6. The method allows us to naturally read off the Gopakumar-Vafa invariants. Although they share similar properties to the beloved conifold, these threefolds are expected to admit M2-bound states of higher degree ℓ. We demonstrate this through our computations of the GV invariants. Furthermore we characterize the associated Higgs branches by computing their dimensions and flavor groups. With our techniques we extract more refined data such as the charges of the hypers under the flavor group.
Immune checkpoint inhibition improves antimyeloma activity of bortezomib and STING agonist combination in Vk*MYC preclinical model
Authors: Sokolowska Olga , Rodziewicz-Lurzynska Anna , Pilch Zofia , Kedzierska Hanna , Chlebowska-Tuz Justyna , Sosnowska Anna , Szumera-Cieckiewicz Anna , Sokol Kamil , Barankiewicz Joanna , Salomon-Perzynski Aleksander , Ciepiela Olga , Lech-Maranda Ewa , Golab Jakub , Nowis Dominika
Published: August 2022

Multiple myeloma (MM), a hematological malignancy of plasma cells, has remained incurable despite the development of novel therapies that improve patients’ outcome. Recent evidence indicates that the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway may represent a novel target for induction of antitumor immune response in multiple myeloma. Here, we investigated antitumor effects of STING agonist with bortezomib with or without checkpoint inhibitor in the treatment of MM. Methods: STING expression in bone marrow plasma cells of 58 MM patients was examined by immunohistochemical staining. The effectiveness of the proposed therapy was evaluated in vivo in a syngeneic transplantable mouse model of MM (Vĸ*MYC) in immunocompetent mice. Flow cytometry was used to assess tumor burden and investigate activation of immune response against MM. ELISA was performed to measure serum inflammatory cytokines concentrations upon treatment. Results: Combining a STING agonist [2′3′-cGAM(PS)2] with bortezomib significantly decreased tumor burden and improved the survival of treated mice compared to either of the compounds used alone. The combination treatment led to secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased the percentage of neutrophils, activated dendritic cells and T cells in the tumor microenvironment. However, it resulted also in increased expression of PD-L1 on the surface of the immune cells. Addition of anti-PD1 antibody further potentiated the therapeutic effects. Conclusions: Our findings indicate high antimyeloma efficacy of the three-drug regimen comprising bortezomib, STING agonist, and a checkpoint inhibitor.
The Development of Individual Ambidexterity Across Institutional Environments: Symmetric and Configurational Analyses
Authors: Zhang Jing A. , Bai Tao , Tang Ryan W. , Edgar Fiona , Grover Steven , Chen Guoquan
Published: August 2022

Buoyed by recent calls for research to explore micro-level cognitive explanations for ambidexterity, this study examines how individuals’ self-efficacy and resilience affect individual ambidexterity across different institutional environments. Building on social cognitive theory, we posit that self-efficacy enhances ambidexterity via resilience and that such relationship varies across economic institutional environments. Our symmetric (PLS-SEM) and configurational (fsQCA) analyses of 1907 knowledge workers in China, New Zealand and Australia provide supportive and complementary evidence for these theoretical arguments. Specifically, PLS-SEM reveals that the mediating effects of resilience on the relationship between self-efficacy and individual ambidexterity are stronger in an environment where economic institutions are weak. fsQCA complements PLS-SEM by showing that individual ambidexterity can be explained by multiple configurations of psychological self-efficacy, resilience, characteristics related to institutions, and personal demographic factors. Taken together, these findings contribute to the international business literature by providing a nuanced understanding of how different psychological resources integrate and interact with institutional factors to enhance individual ambidexterity.
Characterization of the Microstructure and Thermomechanical Properties of Invar 36 Coatings Deposited by HVOF and Cold Gas Processes
Authors: Tillmann W. , Khalil O. , Baumann I.
Published: August 2022

The effect of impact velocity and temperature of invar particles deposited by high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) and cold spray processes on the microstructure and oxidation content of invar coatings is not fully understood. Additionally, the effect of coating thickness on the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the coated material and the influence of cold working on the coating hardness are also insufficiently investigated. In the present study, invar coatings were deposited at temperatures close to and below the melting point of invar particles to maintain low CTE. It was found that particle impact temperature and velocity strongly affect pore formation and cohesiveness but slightly affect the hardness of invar coatings. Higher particle impact velocities with impact temperatures close to the invar’s melting point enhance highly the cohesiveness of HVOF-invar coatings. Furthermore, invar coatings stabilize the CTE of the coated material up to a temperature of 227 °C. An increment in the coating’s thickness of 150 µm leads to reducing the CTE of the coated material (Al) in the in-plane direction by 7.65%. Applying cold working using 200 kN compression increases the hardness of the treated coatings by 6% while machine hammer peening (MHP) has a slight effect.
Thyroid Nodules with Indeterminate FNAC According to the Italian Classification System: Prevalence, Rate of Operation, and Impact on Risk of Malignancy. An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Trimboli Pierpaolo , Ferrarazzo Giulia , Cappelli Carlo , Piccardo Arnoldo , Castellana Marco , Barizzi Jessica
Published: August 2022

A thyroid nodule classified as indeterminate on fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), hereafter referred to as an indeterminate thyroid nodule (ITN), represents a clinical dilemma. The Italian Consensus for the Classification and Reporting of Thyroid Cytology (ICCRTC) divides ITNs into low- and high-risk categories (i.e., TIR3A and TIR3B, respectively) to better manage patients. This study aimed to achieve high-evidence estimates of the prevalence, rate of operation, and risk of malignancy of ITNs, including TIR3A and TIR3B ITNs. This systematic review was conducted according to MOOSE to retrieve all original studies citing ICCRTC. The last search was performed in February 2022. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed. Separate proportion meta-analyses were performed with a random-effect model using OpenMeta[Analyst]. The online search processed 271 studies, and 33 were finally considered. First, the cancer prevalence among ITNs was 32.4%. Second, the cancer prevalence among TIR3As was 12.4%, with heterogeneity (I2 90%) explained by a linear correlation between sample size and cancer rate (p = 0.009). Third, the cancer prevalence among TIR3Bs was 44.4%, with heterogeneity (I2 75%) explained by the inverse correlation between sample size and cancer rate (p = 0.031). Fourth, the prevalence of ITNs, TIR3A, and TIR3B among FNACs was 29.6%, 12.6%, and 12.9%, respectively, with sample size and TIR3B prevalence being inversely correlated (p = 0.04). Fifth, the operation rates of ITNs, TIR3A, and TIR3B were 54.3%, 48.3%, and 75.2%, respectively, and the sample size and TIR3A operation rate were inversely correlated (p = 0.010). These data strongly support the division of ITNs into low- and high-risk subcategories. Importantly for clinical practice, the cancer rate among ITNs is significantly influenced by the study sample size.
The EU Succession Certificate
Authors: van Erp Sjef , Zimmermann Katja
Published: August 2022

The European Certificate of Succession is an obligatory form that may be used in cross-border succession cases. The form standardizes the information to be provided to interested parties. Could this standardization be further developed through digitalization, as standardization and digitalization are as closely connected as standardization and the use of forms? Could an e-copy of the certificate, issued by a smart contract running on a blockchain, be stored in the e-wallet which every European citizen might have in the near future, allowing the digital presentation of the copy to, for example, a bank or a land registry, securing Self-Sovereign Identity?
Neuropilin-2 Signaling Modulates Mossy Fiber Sprouting by Regulating Axon Collateral Formation Through CRMP2 in a Rat Model of Epilepsy
Authors: Li Yuxiang , Tong Fangchao , Zhang Yiying , Cai Yiying , Ding Jing , Wang Qiang , Wang Xin
Published: August 2022

Programmed neural circuit formation constitutes the foundation for normal brain functions. Axon guidance cues play crucial roles in neural circuit establishment during development. Whether or how they contribute to maintaining the stability of networks in mature brains is seldom studied. Upon injury, neural rewiring could happen in adulthood, of which mossy fiber sprouting (MFS) is a canonical example. Here, we uncovered a novel role of axon guidance molecule family Sema3F/Npn-2 signaling in MFS and epileptogenesis in a rat model of epilepsy. Dentate gyrus-specific Npn-2 knockdown increased seizure activity in epileptic animals along with increased MFS. Hippocampal culture results suggested that Npn-2 signaling modulates MFS via regulating axon outgrowth and collateral formation. In addition, we discovered that Sema3F/Npn-2 signal through CRMP2 by regulating its phosphorylation in the process of MFS. Our work illustrated that Npn-2 signaling in adult epilepsy animals could potentially modulate seizure activity by controlling MFS. MFS constitutes the structural basis for abnormal electric discharge of neurons and recurrent seizures. Therapies targeting Npn-2 signaling could potentially have disease-modifying anti-epileptogenesis effects in epilepsy treatment.
Clinical translation of gold nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Rui , Kiessling Fabian , Lammers Twan , Pallares Roger M.
Published: August 2022

Gold nanoparticles display unique physicochemical features, which can be useful for therapeutic purposes. After two decades of preclinical progress, gold nanoconstructs are slowly but steadily transitioning into clinical trials. Although initially thought to be “magic golden bullets” that could be used to treat a wide range of diseases, current consensus has moved toward a more realistic approach, where gold nanoformulations are being investigated to treat specific disorders. These therapeutic applications are dictated by the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution profiles of gold nanoparticles. Here, we analyze the current clinical landscape of therapeutic gold nanoconstructs, discuss the shared characteristics that allowed for their transition from bench to bedside, and examine existing hurdles that need to be overcome before they can be approved for clinical use.

Graphical Abstract
Long-term ceramic matrix composite for aeroengine
Authors: Song Chaokun , Ye Fang , Cheng Laifei , Liu Yongsheng , Zhang Qing
Published: August 2022

Three strategies were proposed to prolong the service life of continuous fiber-reinforced silicon carbide ceramic matrix composite (CMC-SiC), which served as thermal-structure components of aeroengine at thermo-mechanical-oxygenic coupling environment. As for some thermal-structure components with low working stress, improving the degree of densification was crucial to prolong the service life, and the related process approaches were recited. If the thermal-structure components worked under moderate stress, the matrix cracking stress (σmc) should be improved as far as possible. The fiber preform architecture, interface shear strength, residual thermal stress, and matrix strengthening were associated withσmcin this review. Introducing self-healing components was quite significant with the appearance of matrix microcracks when CMC-SiC worked at more severe environment for hundreds of hours. The damage can be sealed by glass phase originating from the reaction between self-healing components and oxygen. The effective self-healing temperature range of different self-healing components was first summarized and distinguished. The structure, composition, and preparation process of CMC-SiC should be systematically designed and optimized to achieve long duration target.
Adaptive Solutions to the Problem of Vulnerability During Sleep
Authors: Wichlinski Lawrence J.
Published: August 2022

Sleep is a behavioral state whose quantity and quality represent a trade-off between the costs and benefits this state provides versus the costs and benefits of wakefulness. Like many species, we humans are particularly vulnerable during sleep because of our reduced ability to monitor the external environment for nighttime predators and other environmental dangers. A number of variations in sleep characteristics may have evolved over the course of human history to reduce this vulnerability, at both the individual and group level. The goals of this interdisciplinary review paper are (1) to explore a number of biological/instinctual features of sleep that may have adaptive utility in terms of enhancing the detection of external threats, and (2) to consider relatively recent cultural developments that improve vigilance and reduce vulnerability during sleep and the nighttime. This paper will also discuss possible benefits of the proposed adaptations beyond vigilance, as well as the potential costs associated with each of these proposed adaptations. Finally, testable hypotheses will be presented to evaluate the validity of these proposed adaptations.
Big data and machine learning: A roadmap towards smart plants
Authors: Dorneanu Bogdan , Zhang Sushen , Ruan Hang , Heshmat Mohamed , Chen Ruijuan , Vassiliadis Vassilios S. , Arellano-Garcia Harvey
Published: August 2022

Industry 4.0 aims to transform chemical and biochemical processes into intelligent systems via the integration of digital components with the actual physical units involved. This process can be thought of as addition of a central nervous system with a sensing and control monitoring of components and regulating the performance of the individual physical assets (processes, units, etc.) involved. Established technologies central to the digital integrating components are smart sensing, mobile communication, Internet of Things, modelling and simulation, advanced data processing, storage and analysis, advanced process control, artificial intelligence and machine learning, cloud computing, and virtual and augmented reality. An essential element to this transformation is the exploitation of large amounts of historical process data and large volumes of data generated in real-time by smart sensors widely used in industry. Exploitation of the information contained in these data requires the use of advanced machine learning and artificial intelligence technologies integrated with more traditional modelling techniques. The purpose of this paper is twofold: a) to present the state-of-the-art of the aforementioned technologies, and b) to present a strategic plan for their integration toward the goal of an autonomous smart plant capable of self-adaption and self-regulation for short- and long-term production management.
Systematic review on ensuring the global food security and covid-19 pandemic resilient food systems: towards accomplishing sustainable development goals targets
Authors: Kumareswaran Keerththana , Jayasinghe Guttila Yugantha
Published: August 2022

Covid-19, one of the most critical and widespread global pandemics, has resulted in extraordinary risk corollaries engulfing millions of people's lives and has caused an unprecedented economic downturn while amplifying food insecurity. A systematic review of 132 scientific communications was performed over a 15-year period, using articles from the ScienceDirect and Web of Science databases (2006–2021). In addition, 24 policy briefs, country papers, and publications from the UN, WHO, FAO, and OECD were cited. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of existing literature on the adverse effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on agricultural food systems, as well as potential strategies for building robust, resilient, and sustainable food systems to ensure global food security, safety, and endeavors regarding future global emergencies, as well as new research policies while achieving SDG targets. This would fill a research gap while also having long-term implications for health, agricultural, and food resilience policy development in a rapidly changing world. Covid-19 demonstrates how human, animal, and environmental health are all interconnected, emphasizing the need for one health legislation and a paradigm shift in planetary health. Furthermore, it identifies potential mechanisms for rebuilding better systems by shifting priorities toward policy coherence, innovative food system governance, re-engineering market access, and nexus thinking in the food system approach. According to our findings, the COVID-19 posed unavoidable impediments to achieving SDG targets for food security and household poverty.

Graphical abstract
Effect of natural sources rich in calcium on treated rats induced osteoporosis
Authors: Sawy Hayam A. El , Hassan Doaa F. , Rizk Ayat I.
Published: August 2022

The present study aimed to treat female rats’ osteoporosis using natural sources rich in calcium (permeate with kiwi or fig). Thirty-two female rats weighting 150 ± 10 g were used in this experiment. After adaptation period (7 days), rats were divided to 8 groups (four in each group); first group worked as a control negative and other groups were injected with 1 mg Dex. /kg/bw glucocorticoid (dexamethasone) for 7 days to induce osteoporosis. Second group was considered as a positive group and other groups were treated with beverage (kiwi with permeate or fig with permeate) at different concentrations, i.e., 20, 30 and 40%. The DPPH test was recorded 69.19, 87.01, 68.95, and 44.88% for fresh kiwi, refrigerator kiwi beverage, fresh fig, and refrigerator fig beverage respectively. Meanwhile, using ABTS recorded of 32.6, 39.07, 36.66 and 41.99 Trolox/100 g for above mentioned treatments. In general, total phenol and total flavonoid values of fig treatments were high compared with kiwi treatments. The antimicrobial examination showed an increase in lactic acid bacteria due to refrigeration in both beverages and less total count. Mold, yeast, and coliform not detected. The biological assay resulted in decrease weight gain and feed intake while feed efficiency ratio slightly affected due to beverages. Ca and P content of osteoporotic femur have shown an increase more than the potassium content. Also, serum Ca, P, PTH, Vit. D and protein increased significantly as the result of beverage treatments. The X- ray showed an improved of bone in all treatments compared with (+) control. It could be concluded that permeate mixed with kiwi or fig can be used as a therapeutic diet for subjects, who suffered from osteoporosis.
Global incidence and risk factors of post-operative sore throat among patients who underwent surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Obsa Mohammed Suleiman , Adem Abdi Oumer , Bancha Bereket , Gelgelu Temesgen Bati , Gemechu Ashebir Debalke , Tilla Mebratu , Nugusse Mitiku Ayele , Wosene Naol Gorde , Gobena Negeso , Hamu Ahmed , Abdulkadir Shemseddin
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background

Postoperative sore throat is a common, uncomfortable, stressful sequel of tracheal intubation that contributes to postoperative mortality and morbidity following general anesthesia. Therefore, reducing risks of post-operative sore throat is important to improve patient outcome.

Objectives

The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of postoperative sore throat among patients who underwent surgery.

Methods

Studies were retrieved from PubMed, Cochrane Database, Cinahl, Scopus, Mednar, Hinari and Google Scholar by employing a combination of search terms with Boolean operators. Heterogeneity across studies was assessed using the Cochrane Q test. Funnel plot was used for visual assessment of publication bias. Subgroup analyses by country and meta-regression was performed to explore the possible causes of heterogeneity. Egger’s weighted regression test at a p-value < 0.05 was used to assess the presence of publication bias. Sensitivity analysis was performed to judge whether the pooled effect size was influenced by individual study. Stata v14.0 (Statacorp, College Station, Texas, USA) software was used for all statistical analyses. STATA software version 14 was used for all statistical analyses.

Result

A total of 11 studies with 5885 total sample size were included. The total number of patients who developed Post-operative sore throat was 2252. The pooled prevalence of Post-operative sore throat was 40.48% (95% CI: 35.16, 45.79). The visual inspection of the funnel plot showed the symmetrical distribution. Patients who had number of a single attempts were about 42.5% less likely to develop POST than patients who had multiple intubation attempts (OR: 0.58(0.38–0.88), P = 010, I2: 86.6%. Additionally, duration of tube in place less than 1 h was about 18.7% more likely to develop POST than who were not (OR: 1.19(0.29–4.79), P = 0.028, I2: 0.0%). The other independent predictors of POST were OR: 3.01(0.57–15.84), P = 0.19, I2: 92.3%) and OR: 1.56(0.97–2.58), P = 0.080, I2: 0.0%) respectively.

Conclusions

Patients’ age and sex, size of ETT and LMA, duration of ETT in trachea, experience of anesthetists’, number of attempts, induction agent, and smoking were revealed more common causes of sore throat. The number of attempts and the length of tube in place were both linked to the occurrence of postoperative sore throat.

Research Registry

Our unique identifying number is reviewregistry1416.

Highlights
Vaginal Lubrication and Pressure Increase Induced by Pudendal Nerve Stimulation in Cats
Authors: Chen Jialiang , Zhong Yihua , Wang Jicheng , Shen Bing , Shen Zhijun , Beckel Jonathan , de Groat William , Chermansky Christopher , Tai Changfeng
Published: August 2022

Background

Vaginal lubrication and contractions are among the top difficulties affecting sexual intercourse in women after spinal cord injury.

Aim

This study aimed at determining if pudendal nerve stimulation (PNS) can improve vaginal lubrication and induce increases in vaginal pressure.

Methods

In anesthetized cats, a small piece of cotton was inserted into the vagina for 10 minutes with or without PNS to measure vaginal wetness by the weight increase of the vaginal cotton. Then, a small balloon catheter was inserted into the vagina to measure the pressure increase induced by PNS. Intensity response of the vagina to PNS (30 Hz, 0.2 ms, 5 seconds) was determined at 1–4 times of intensity threshold (T) for PNS to induce an observable vaginal pressure increase. Frequency response was determined at 2T intensity in a range of PNS frequencies (5–50 Hz). Finally, fatigue in vaginal pressure was determined by applying PNS (30 Hz, 2T) either continuously or intermittently (5 seconds on and 5 seconds off) for 4 minutes.

Outcomes

The effectiveness of PNS in increasing vaginal wetness and pressure is evaluated.

Results

PNS significantly (P = .0327) increased the measurement of vaginal wetness from 15.8 ± 3.8 mg during control without stimulation to 32.4 ± 4.7 mg after stimulation. Vaginal pressure increased as PNS intensity or frequency increased. PNS (30 Hz, 2T) induced vaginal pressure increase ≥80% of the maximal response. Intermittent PNS induced significantly (P = .0354) smaller fatigue (45.6 ± 3.7%) in vaginal pressure than continuous PNS (69.1 ± 3.0%) during the 4-minute stimulation.

Clinical Translation

This study raises the possibility of developing a novel pudendal neuromodulation device to improve female sexual function after spinal cord injury.

Strengths & Limitations

This study provides preclinical data supporting the development of a novel pudendal neuromodulation device. The limitation includes the lack of chemical analysis of the vaginal secretion.

Conclusion

PNS can improve vaginal lubrication and induce increases in vaginal pressure.
Burnout in Diplomates of the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation—Prevalence and Potential Drivers: A Prospective Cross‐Sectional Survey
Authors: Sliwa James A. , Clark Gary S. , Chiodo Anthony , Kinney Carolyn L. , Raddatz Mikaela M. , Francisco Gerard E. , Micheo William , Robinson Lawrence R.
Published: August 2022

Background

Physician burnout is of growing concern. Burnout among physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) physicians has shown a significant increase, positioning PM&R as one of the most “burned out” of specialties. Little has been written about potential factors contributing to physiatrist burnout or potential interventions.

Objective

To determine the prevalence of burnout among physiatrists and identify risk factors for burnout and potential strategies to decrease burnout among physiatrists.

Design

Prospective cross‐sectional survey.

Setting

National survey of board certified physiatrists.

Participants: One thousand five hundred thirty‐six physiatrists certified by the American Board of PM&R.

Outcome

The Mini‐Z Burnout Survey, 1 question from the Maslach Burnout Scale on callousness toward patients, and several potential drivers of burnout. The probability of burnout, identified by question 3 on the Mini‐Z, was the dependent variable. Other questions on the Mini‐Z were explored as independent variables using logistic regression.

Results

Seven hundred seventy physiatrists (50.7%) fulfilled the definition of burnout. Only 38% of physiatrists reported not becoming more callous toward patients. The top 3 causes of burnout identified by physiatrists were increasing regulatory demands, workload and job demands, and practice inefficiency and lack of resources. Higher burnout rate was associated with high levels of job stress and working more hours per week. Lower burnout rates were associated with higher job satisfaction, control over workload, professional values aligned with those of department leaders, and sufficient time for documentation. There was no significant association between burnout and sex, years in practice, practice focus, or practice area.

Conclusion

Burnout is a significant problem among PM&R physicians and is pervasive throughout the specialty. Opportunities exist to address major contributing drivers of burnout relating to practice patterns and efficiency of care within PM&R. These opportunities are, to varying degrees, under the control of hospital leaders, practice administrators, and practitioners.
Continuous electrocardiographic (holter) monitoring in 63 healthy young male volunteers. An observation on findings
Authors: Wilbraham D.G. , Amin D. , Mant T. , Angell M.
Published: August 2022

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P3–P3; doi:
Choosing the appropriate approval route in europe for an established active product
Authors: Curley R. , Bigora S.E.
Published: August 2022

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P4–P4; doi:
Perspective of canadian pediatricians on barriers to drug investigation in children in Canada
Authors: Kwan C. , Steers E. , Rieder M.J. , Matsui D.
Published: August 2022

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P10–P10; doi:
Absolute/Relative Bioavailability of Bazedoxifene Acetate in Healthy Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Patat A. , McKeand W. , Baird‐Bellaire S. , Ermer J. , LeCoz F.
Published: August 2022

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P43–P43; doi:
Analytical solutions for reactive shear dispersion with boundary adsorption and desorption
Authors: Jiang Weiquan , Zeng Li , Fu Xudong , Wu Zi
Published: August 2022

Surface reactions such as the adsorption and desorption at boundaries are very common for solute dispersion in many applications of chemistry, biology, hydraulics, etc. To study how reversible adsorption affects the transient dispersion, Zhang, Hesse & Wang (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 828, 2017, pp. 733–752) have investigated the temporal evolution of moments using the Laplace transform method. Owing to difficulties introduced by the adsorption–desorption boundary condition, great challenges arise from the inverse Laplace transform: dealing with the singularities by the residue theorem can tremendously increase complexities. This work provides a much simpler analytical method to derive solutions in a more compact form that is valid for the entire range of the reactive transport process. Such a progress demonstrates that the classic framework of separation of variables can be extended and applied to this more general adsorption–desorption condition, based on which higher-order statistics including skewness and kurtosis can be explicitly explored in practice. Also extended is Gill's generalised dispersion model for solute concentration distributions, which can now address the entire transient dispersion characteristics, instead of just applied for the long-time asymptotic reactive process as done previously. Regarding the most classic Taylor dispersion problem, we investigate the influence of the reversible adsorption–desorption on the solute cloud in a tube flow. Not only the transient dispersion characteristics of transverse-average concentration distribution but also those of the bulk, surface and total-average distributions are discussed. We further investigate the influence of initial conditions on the non-uniformity of the transient dispersion over the cross-section.
Weak nonlinearity for strong non-normality
Authors: Ducimetière Yves-Marie , Boujo Edouard , Gallaire François
Published: August 2022

We propose a theoretical approach to derive amplitude equations governing the weakly nonlinear evolution of non-normal dynamical systems, when they experience transient growth or respond to harmonic forcing. This approach reconciles the non-modal nature of these growth mechanisms and the need for a centre manifold to project the leading-order dynamics. Under the hypothesis of strong non-normality, we take advantage of the fact that small operator perturbations suffice to make the inverse resolvent and the inverse propagator singular, which we encompass in a multiple-scale asymptotic expansion. The methodology is outlined for a generic nonlinear dynamical system, and four application cases highlight common non-normal mechanisms in hydrodynamics: the streamwise convective non-normal amplification in the flow past a backward-facing step, and the Orr and lift-up mechanisms in the plane Poiseuille flow.
Interaction between an upper-layer point vortex and a bottom topography in a two-layer system
Authors: Takeuchi Takaaki , Kubokawa Atsushi
Published: August 2022

In this paper, the interaction between an upper-layer vortex and a bottom topography is investigated using an$f$-plane two-layer quasi-geostrophic model with a point vortex and step-like topography. The contour dynamics method is used to formulate the model. A steadily propagating linear solution along the topography, known as the pseudoimage solution, is derived analytically for a weak point vortex, and the nonlinear solution is obtained numerically. Numerical experiments show that the nonlinear pseudoimage solution collapses with time. Saddle-node points in the velocity field are critical in this collapse. Even after the collapse, the point vortex propagates along the topography similarly to in the steadily propagating solution. Numerical experiments with various initial conditions show that the point vortex has two types of motion in this system: motion along the topography and motion away from the topography. In the latter case, the point vortex and lower-layer potential vorticity anomaly form a heton-like dipole structure. The motion classification results show that an anticyclonic (cyclonic) point vortex on the deeper (shallower) side is more likely to form a dipole structure than a cyclonic (anticyclonic) vortex on the deeper (shallower) side when their initial distance from the topography is the same.
Prediction of triple point trajectory on two-dimensional unsteady shock reflection over single surfaces
Authors: Wang He , Zhai Zhigang , Luo Xisheng
Published: August 2022

The two-dimensional (2-D) unsteady shock reflection over a single wedge is studied theoretically and numerically, and the emphasis is placed on the trajectory of the triple point (TP). Skews’ relation and the three-shock theory are, respectively, used for determining the trajectory angles of the corner-generated disturbance and the TP, and, subsequently, a model capable of predicting the TP trajectory is established for 2-D unsteady shock reflections over a single wedge. Then, a systematically numerical study is carried out on the 2-D unsteady shock reflection over a single wedge, including five types of shock reflection with the wedge angle increased and five types of shock reflection with the wedge angle decreased. It is found that the Mach stem is always slightly concavely (convexly) curved for reflections with the wedge angle increased (decreased), which should be caused by corner-generated compression (rarefaction) waves propagating along the Mach stem. The new model reasonably predicts the TP trajectory in all the 2-D unsteady shock reflections, and its performance is related not only to the variation trend of the wedge angle (increase or decrease), but also to the type of shock and the initial wedge angle. Specifically, for the shock reflection with the wedge angle increased (decreased), the model generally provides a slightly better (worse) prediction if the TP trajectory angle calculated by the three-shock theory is compulsively modified. The shock-shock/expansion polar analysis presented can partially explain the model performance for predicting the TP trajectory.
Dynamics of cavitation bubbles near granular boundaries
Authors: Sieber A.B. , Preso D.B. , Farhat M.
Published: August 2022

We study the dynamics of a cavitation bubble near beds of sand of different grain sizes. We use high-speed imaging to observe the motion of the bubble and the sand for different values of the stand-off parameter

$\gamma$

(dimensionless bubble-boundary distance) between 0.3 and 5.3. Compared with a rigid boundary, we find that a granular boundary leads to bubbles with shorter lifetimes and reduced centroid displacements. Above

$\gamma \approx 1.3$

, the behaviour of the bubble is almost independent of the granularity of the sand. When the stand-off parameter lies between

$0.6$

and

$1.3$

, a mound of sand develops beneath the bubble, which can force the latter to assume a conical shape as it collapses. For

$\gamma \lesssim 0.6$

, the bubble develops a bell-shaped form, leading to the formation of thin and surprisingly fast micro-jets (

$v_{jet} > 1000\,{\rm m}\,{\rm s}^{-1}$

). Moreover, between

$\gamma \approx 1.3$

and

$\gamma \approx 0.3$

, granular jets erupt from the sand surface following the bubble collapse. We additionally develop a simple numerical model, based on the boundary integral method, to predict the dynamics of a cavitation bubble near a bed of sand, which we replace by an equivalent liquid. The simulations are remarkably consistent with experimental observations for values of

$\gamma$

down to

$1.3$

. We also show how the anisotropy parameter

$\zeta$

, a dimensionless version of the Kelvin impulse, can be adapted for the case of a nearby bed of sand and predict the displacement of the bubble centroid for

$\zeta \lesssim 0.08$

.
Selling Peace: How to Frame a Serbia/Kosovo Deal in a Referendum
Authors: Damnjanović Kaja , Ejdus Filip , Pavlović Dušan , Tošković Oliver
Published: August 2022

Are referendum campaigns involving issues about sovereignty more likely to succeed if framed in a positive rather than a negative way? We ran a survey on a hypothetical referendum on a peace agreement between Serbia and Kosovo to answer this question, and we experimentally simulated both positive and negative frames. We found that the positive campaign frame, i.e. one that contains an invitation to support a lasting peace in the Balkans, economic prosperity, Serbia’s path to EU integration, and the protection of the Serbian population and cultural heritage in Kosovo, is more appealing than the negative one, which focuses on avoiding the risk of failure. Our finding contradicts previous works that relied on the prospect theory to argue that negatively framed messages can attract more attention because people try to avoid adverse outcomes. To explain our findings, we argue that positive referendum campaigns are more effective than negative ones when the reference point is low due to attributive framing.
Reproducing Hierarchies at the APSA Annual Meeting: Patterns of Panel Attendance by Gender, Race, and Ethnicity
Authors: Piscopo Jennifer M. , Xydias Christina , Atchison Amy L. , Och Malliga
Published: August 2022

Research on the political science profession has shown that homophilous research networks—that is, those organized along the lines of gender and race/ethnicity—reproduce hierarchies. Research networks composed of white men experience the most prestige and lead to the most opportunities. This study documents homophilous networks in a setting where they likely are nurtured: academic conferences. Drawing data from the 2019 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, we examine the correspondence between the gender and the racial/ethnic composition of section members, panelists, and audience members for four research sections: Political Methodology; Political Psychology; Race, Ethnicity, and Politics; and Women and Politics. We find that attendees’ and panelists’ gender and racial/ethnic identity largely mirror the dominant gender and racial/ethnic group in their section. These findings indicate that homophily manifests at academic conferences and that efforts to diversify research networks should consider who listens to whom in these settings.
A qualitative examination of the implementation of a perinatal collaborative care program
Authors: Taple Bayley J. , Haldar Shefali , Tandon S. Darius , Reddy Madhu , Mohr David C. , Miller Emily S.
Published: August 2022

Aim:

To identify implementation strategies for collaborative care (CC) that are successful in the context of perinatal care.

Background:

Perinatal depression is one of the most common complications of pregnancy and is associated with adverse maternal, obstetric, and neonatal outcomes. Although treating depressive symptoms reduces risks to mom and baby, barriers to accessing psychiatric treatment remain. CC has demonstrated benefit in primary care, expanding access, yet few studies have examined the implementation of CC in perinatal care which presents unique characteristics and challenges.

Methods:

We conducted qualitative interviews with 20 patients and 10 stakeholders from Collaborative Care Model for Perinatal Depression Support Services (COMPASS), a perinatal collaborative care (pCC) program implemented since 2017. We analyzed interview data by employing the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment (EPIS) framework to organize empirically selected implementation strategies from Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) to create a guide for the development of pCC programs.

Findings:

We identified 14 implementation strategies used in the implementation of COMPASS. Strategies were varied, cutting across ERIC domains (eg, plan, educate, finance) and across EPIS contexts (eg, inner context – characteristics of the pCC program). The majority of strategies were identified by patients and staff as facilitators of pCC implementation. In addition, findings show opportunities for improving the implementation strategies used, such as optimal dissemination of educational materials for obstetric clinicians. The implementation of COMPASS can serve as a model for the process of building a pCC program. The identified strategies can support the implementation of this evidence-based practice for addressing postpartum depression.
Supporting general practitioners in the assessment and management of suicide risk in young people: an evaluation of an educational resource in primary care
Authors: Michail Maria , Cairns Aimee , Preece Emma , Mughal Faraz
Published: August 2022

Aim:

To conduct a local evaluation of the use of the educational resource: Suicide in Children and Young People: Tips for GPs, in practice and its impact on General Practitioners (GPs)’ clinical decision making.

Background:

This Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) resource was developed to support GPs in the assessment and management of suicide risk in young people.

Method:

The dissemination of the educational resource took place over a nine month period (February 2018–October 2018) across two Clinical Commissioning Groups in West Midlands. Subsequently, a survey questionnaire on GPs’ experiences of using the resource was sent to GPs in both Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs).

Findings:

Sixty-two GPs completed the survey: 21% reported that they had used the resource; most commonly for: (1) information; (2) assessing a young person; and (3) signposting themselves and young people to relevant resources. Five out of thirteen GPs (38.5%), who responded to the question about whether the resource had an impact on their clinical decision making, reported that it did; four (30.7%) responded that it did not; and four (30.7%) did not answer this question. Twenty out of thirty-two GPs (62.5%) agreed that suicide prevention training should be part of their NHS revalidation cycle. The generalizability of the findings is limited by the small sample size and possible response and social desirability bias. The survey questionnaire was not validated. Despite the limitations, this work can be useful in informing a future large-scale evaluation of the RCGP online resource to identify barriers and facilitators to its implementation.