bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FUNGAL DISEASES OF ASPARAGUS VIGNA IN THE SOUTH OF WESTERN SIBERIA
Authors: Fotev Yu. V. , Kazakova O. A.
Published: April 2019

Increasing popularity of asparagus bean (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) − a new for Russia vegetable crop requires comprehensive study including resistance to biotic environmental factors. Composition of pathogens of germinating seeds, plants (roots, leaves, stems, fruits) of large collection of asparagus bean from the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) and the Bioresource Scientific Collection of the CSBG SB RAS UNU No. USU 440534 have been investigated. Plants of 87 samples of asparagus bean were grown in the unheated plastic film greenhouse on the south of Western Siberia (54 ° N lat. 83 ° E) and examined for infestations of diseases in the Central Siberian Botanical Garden and Novosibirsk State Agrarian University (Novosibirsk). The infection of seeds with pathogenic micromycetes was determined according to GOST 12044-93 (similar to common beans) using the methods of mycological analysis and the Petri-dish moist chambers, also on Chapek media and KDA media. The main pathogenic micromycetes are: on germinating seeds − species of the genera Fusarium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Alternaria, Mucor, Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; on seedlings − Fusarium solani; during fruiting on fruits and stems − B. cinerea and S. sclerotiorum; on the root collar − S. sclerotiorum. The dominant forms of white mold were stem, root collar, fruits. Five samples that showed a high level of resistance to B.cinerea and S.sclerotiorum have been selected. System for asparagus bean disease surveillance which should be built in the calendar-phenological sequence, has been recommended.
Influencia de las dimensiones de las ramas de árboles forrajeros en el aprovechamiento por rumiantes
Authors: Santana-Pérez Ángel Arturo , Borrás-Sandoval Luis Miguel , Cheng Long , Verdecia-Acosta Danis Manuel , Iglesias-Gómez Jesús Manuel , Vega-Albi Ana Mercedes , Ramírez-de-la-Ribera Jorge Luis
Published: April 2019

Con el fin de determinar la longitud y el diámetro máximos hasta que son consumidos los tallos de especies arbustivas (Leucaena leucocephala, LL; Albizia lebbeck, AL; Gliricidia sepium, GS; Moringa oleifera, MO; Samanea saman, SS) por bovinos y ovinos (jóvenes y adultos), se suministraron follajes a los animales y se midieron los diámetros mínimos de las porciones de las ramas desechadas por estos (máximos diámetros de las porciones consumidas). Se parearon más de 300 mediciones de longitud/diámetro de los tallos. Se realizó un análisis de varianza triple “especie del forraje x especie de animal x edad del animal” (5x2x2), un análisis de regresión simple entre la longitud del tallo y su diámetro y una prueba de Z, para una pérdida máxima de 5 % del follaje por los animales. Existieron diferencias entre los diámetros máximos de los tallos consumidos, siendo el orden general GS>LL>MO>SS>AL, por tanto, cada especie debe ser cortada en dimensiones diferentes. También se observó que los ovinos no consumen los tallos de SS y GS. Se aconseja que el corte no sea igual para bovinos y ovinos, pero se puede ignorar la edad de estos. Además se recomienda tener en cuenta los valores exactos de las dimensiones de los tallos para cortar las especies para cada especie de animal y que se emplee esta misma metodología para evaluar otras especies de forrajes.
Chemical Composition of Earthworm (Eisenia foetida) Co-Dried with Vegetable Meals as an Animal Feed
Authors: Pérez-Corría Kirenia , Botello-León Aroldo , Mauro-Félix Abril Karina , Rivera-Pineda Franklin , Viana María Teresa , Cuello-Pérez Maribel , Botello-Rodríguez Arnaldo , Martínez-Aguilar Yordan
Published: April 2019

To evaluate the chemical composition of the earthworm (Eisenia foetida) co-dried (EW) with vegetable meals (VM) as animal feed ingredient, the blends were mixed with wheat bran (WB), rice powder (RP), corn meal (CM) and soy cake meal (SCM) in proportions of 85:15; 75:25 and 65:35. The dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CFA), crude fiber (CF), ashes and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) of the ingredients and final mixtures were determined. All the mixtures resulted with a high content of DM (≥90.00 %). No significant differences among the proportions were revealed (P>0.05). In addition, the higher inclusion of the earthworm in the proportions (85:15) increased (P<0.05) the CP (54.70 %), CFA (7.28 %), and ashes (10.20 %), mainly when mixed with SCM, CM, and RP, respectively. However, the use of vegetable meals proportionally increased the CF (7.31 %), and NFE (52.62 %), mainly with the proportion of 65:35 and with RP and CM, respectively (P<0.05). The results showed that the vegetable meals (WB, RP, CM, and SCM) are useful to co-dry the earthworm to be use for animal feed. It is concluded that the most appropriate proportion (VM:EW) will depend on the animal species, productive stage and market requirement.
ASWAJA DAN NKRI: Upaya Mempertahankan NKRI melalui Aswaja
Authors: Anam Hairul
Published: April 2019

Sedikitnya, hingga kini NKRI masih diliputi 5 tantangan: kemiskinan, lemahnya penegakan hukum, karakter kekerasan bebe-rapa ormas Islam, kesenjangan pemanfaatan dalil naqli dan dalil ‘aqli, dan gerakan Wahabi. Kelima tantangan tersebut dapat dimini-malisasi melalui aktualisasi nilai-nilai Aswaja berupa tawassuth (moderat), tawazun (seimbang), i’tidal (tegak lurus, keadilan), dan tasamuh (toleran). Upaya aktualisasi tersebut tentu harus ditopang dengan spirit utama dalam dakwah Islam, yaitu menyemai perda-maian dan penegakan akhlak yang mulia. Ditambah lagi pemanfaatan media massa dan teknologi informatika secara berkesinambungan.
PENGEMBANGAN KURIKULUM PERGURUAN TINGGI AGAMA ISLAM
Authors: Hanafi M.
Published: April 2019

Pengembangan kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam adalah suatu proses kegiatan penyusunan, pelaksanaan, penilaian dan penyempurnaan kurikulum pendidikan agama Islam. Ada empat asas dalam pengembangan kurikulum yaitu asas filosofis, sosiologis, organisatoris dan psikologis. Selain itu, terdapat empat pendekatan dalam pengembangan kurikulum di antaranya, yaitu pendekatan subjek akademik, pendekatan humanistic, pendekatan teknologi, dan pendekatan rekonstruksi social. Untuk mening-katkan mutu PTAI, maka kurikulum yang diterapkan perlu terus dikembangkan dengan memperhatikan asas-asas pengembangan kurikulum di atas. Pengembangan kurikulum PTAI harus berbasis kompetensi, agar lulusannya memiliki kompetensi handal sesuai bidang garapannya.
INSTITUSI POLITIK DI ZAMAN NABI MUHAMMAD SAW
Authors: Kosim Mohammad
Published: April 2019

Artikel ini mendeskripsikan perjalanan panjang Nabi—di Mekah dan Madinah--dari perspektif politik. Selama di Mekah, Nabi banyak berperan sebagai kepala agama (Rasul Allah) yang mendapat mandat untuk menyebarkan Islam. Kepemimpinan po-litik belum bisa dicapai karena kerasnya penolakan kaum quraisy terhadap ajaran Islam dan figur Nabi. Sedangkan di Madinah di samping sebagai kepala agama, Nabi juga berperan sebagai kepala negara yang memimpin warga Madinah berdasar Konstitusi Madinah yang disepakati bersama. Keberhasilan Nabi menjadi kepala negara plus kepada agama di Madinah mencapai puncaknya setelah merebut kembali kota Mekah, fathu makkah, secara militer dan moral.
MENGENAL HIZBUT TAHRIR (Studi Analisis Ideologi Hizbut Tahrir vis a vis NU)
Authors: Rafiuddin Mohamad
Published: April 2019

Hizbut Tahrir (HT) merupakan gerakan Islam trans-nasional yang bergerak dalam dakwah dan politik. Didirikan oleh Syaikh Taqiyuddin al-Nabhani pada tahun 1953 di Palestina. Tujuan utamanya adalah melangsungkan kembali kehidupan Islam dan mengemban kembali dakwah Islam ke seluruh penjuru dunia, serta mengajak kaum muslim untuk kembali hidup secara islami dalam naungan khilāfah Islamiyah „alā minhāj al-nubuwwah. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut HT menerapkan langkah-langkah dakwahnya dalam tiga tahap: tatsqif (pembinaan dan pengkaderan), tafa‟ul (interaksi) dengan umat, dan istilām al-hukmi (menerima kekuasaan) dari umat. Di Indonesia HT mendeklarasikan diri dengan nama HizbutTahrir Indonesia (HTI). Masuk pertama kali pada tahun 1980-an di bawah pimpinan Abd. Rahman al-Baghdadi. Adapun aktivitasnya yang menonjol di Indonesia saat ini adalah mengorganisir demonstrasi, menyelenggarakan seminar dan diskusi publik, publikasi melalui media, serta silaturrahmi ke berbagai ormas Islam dan pemegang kekuasaan. Dalam perjalanannya HTI sering kali berhadapan dan kerap ditentang oleh gerakan Islam pribumi, salah satunya adalah Nahdlatul Ulama (NU).
AKTUALISASI AKHLAK DALAM PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Subahri Subahri
Published: April 2019

akhlak adalah sifat yang melekat pada diri seseorang dan menjadi identitasnya. Akhlak mulia merupakan fondasi utama da-lam pembentukan pribadi muslim paripurna. Guna terbentuknya pribadi yang beraklak mulia, sangat penting dilakukan usaha sejak dini penanaman nilai-nilai akhlak mulia, di antaranya melalui dunia pendidikan. Usaha aktualisasi nilai-nilai akhlak memerlukan proses yang lama, agar penanaman tersebut bukan sekedar formalitas namun telah masuk dalam tataran praktis. Namun, tidak mudah me-nanamkan akhlak yang baik melalui pendidikan. Ada sejumlah problem yang dihadapi, yaitu keteladanan guru (pendidik) yang kurang; suasana sekolah yang tidak kondusif; sekolah kurang op-timal dalam aktualisasi akhlak; karakter siswa yang beragam yang berasal dari keluarga yang beragam pula; kurangnya komunikasi antara orang tua peserta didik dan sekolah (institusi); serta dampak negatif arus modernisasi yang kian tak terbendung.
ISLAM DAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA
Authors: Maisaroh Maisaroh
Published: April 2019

Islam sebagai ajaran yang komprehensif telah meng-ajarkan kepada umatnya akan HAM. Hal ini tercermin dalam tujuan disyari’atkannya Islam untuk memelihara agama, memelihara jiwa, memelihara akal, memelihara kehormatan atau keturunan, dan memelihara harta. Tujuan tersebut senada dengan pengertian HAM sebagai seperangkat hak yang melekat pada diri manusia sebagai makhluk ciptaan Tuhan yang bersifat universal yang wajib dihor-mati serta dijunjung tinggi dan dilindungi oleh negara, hukum, pemerintah, dan setiap orang demi kehormatan dan perlindungan harkat dan martabat manusia. Sehingga Islam dan HAM adalah satu kesatuan yang tak terpisahkan dengan bersumber pada al-Qur’an dan Hadits sebagai sumber ajaran agama Islam. Dunia Barat juga memiliki konsep tentang HAM dengan formulasi HAM PBB yang bersifat sekular sehingga menimbulkan perbedaan pandangan di kalangan umat Islam, yaitu pandangan yang menolak secara total konsep HAM PBB, pandangan yang menerima total HAM PBB, serta pandangan yang terakhir dengan pandangan yang ambigu.
KESATUAN ILMU DALAM BINGKAI PEMIKIRANPENDIDIKAN ISLAM PERSPEKTIF ISMAIL RAJI AL-FARUQI
Authors: Abdussamad Abdussamad
Published: April 2019

Merefleksikan nilai-nilai keilmuan para mujtahid dan ulama zaman dahulu adalah idealitas untuk mengantarkan ilmu pengetahuan pada pembudayaan ilmu keislaman yang integralistik. Idealitas itu adalah hal yang layak diimpikan, mengingat betapa umat Islam dahulu pernah mengalami zaman kemajuan intelektual. Islam kini dan masa lalu sungguhpun berbeda pengalaman dalam memberlakukan nilai-nilainya, tetapi kerangka teoretiknya memi-liki substansi keislaman yang holistik-integralistik, tidak parsial, tetapi padu. Kenyataannya setelah Islam melewati masa-masa kejayaan tersebut, Islam berada dalam dominasi frame keislaman megapuritanistik dan megasekuleristik. Entah ini konstruksi ala-miah atau west high conspiration (konspirasi besar barat), yang jelas kondisi yang berlaku saat ini adalah diskursus-diskursus ter-sebut. Oleh karena itu harus ada parameter terbarukan dalam per-spektif integralisasi ilmu, sebagaimana dikembangkan oleh Ismail Raji al-Faruqi, konsep kesatuan ilmu atau islamisasi ilmu penge-tahuan yang mampu membawa pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan pada kedudukan yang sebenarnya.
MENGURAI PROBLEMA PAI DALAM KELUARGA PADA MASYARAKAT PESISIR TOTALE
Authors: Dawiyatun Dawiyatun
Published: April 2019

Keluarga merupakan lembaga pendidikan pertama dan utama bagi setiap anak (madrasatul ulā). Pendidikan dalam keluarga lebih mengarah pada pembentukan kepribadian anak serta mempersiapkannya menjadi anggota masyarakat yang bertanggung jawab.Secara kontekstual banyak keluarga yang terjerat permasalahan-permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam mendidik anak-anaknya.Beberapa problema pendidikan yang dihadapi masyarakat pesisir Tatole adalah penyerahan total pendidikan anak ke langgar dan madrasah/ponpes, krisis keteladanan orang tua,  dan ketidaksesuaian antara pendidikan langgar dan madrasah/ponpes dengan keluarga. solusi dari problematika tersebut ialah: melaksanakan program parenting education dengan nama program Kompolan Mera (Meara Anak)
Tafaqquh fî al-dîn dan Human resources pesantren
Authors: Affan Affan
Published: April 2019

Dinamika umat Islam dapat disimak dari berbagai perubahan yang menimpanya atau perubahan yang memang diprogramkan dalam sebuah proses dan sistem, begitu pula dalam dunia pesantren. Dengan berbagai perubahan zaman dan peradaban umat manusia yang selalu tumbuh dan berkembang, diperlukan suatu upaya bagaimana umat Islam mengetahui tentang perilaku pesantren sebagai sebuah institusi pendidikan, sumber daya manusianya, baik yang menyangkut pimpinan pesantren (kiai), ustadz, santri dan apresiasi masyarakatnya terhadap pesantren. Masyarakat akan merasakan keberadaan serta eksistensi pesantren apabila pesantren mampu berbuat secara kongkrit perubahan-perubahan positif di tengah berbagai elemen masyarakat. Di satu pihak pesantren harus secara terbuka bekerjasama dengan sistem-sistem yang lain di luar dirinya yang tidak selalu sepaham dengan dirinya, di pihak lain pesantren dituntut untuk menemukan identitasnya kembali
JUSTICE IN ISLAM ON GENDER ISSUES (The Study of Discourse on Polygamy Regulation in Pamekasan Regency)
Authors: Trisnawati Trisnawati
Published: April 2019

The issue of gender equality has long rolling and be on the agenda in many countries, including the Islamic discussion. Many studies and thinking about these gender issues by Muslim thinkers influencing the discourse of feminism studies. Muslim thinkers view that Islam has had in common with the concept of equality brought feminism. All the rules in Islam always puts equality and justice. But feminists do not think they declare Islam demikain contradictory to the spirit of justice and equality. Finally, many of the legal texts and passages that have been governing the relationship between men and women in Islam be re-examined, disassembled and modified to suit the gender equality perspective. This article exemplifies the study of discourse regulations to legalize polygamy in Pamekasan with the intention of positioning gender issues and perspectives of polygamy in Islam as true according to the quran and hadith
TINJAUAN KRITIS PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DI INDONESIA PERSPEKTIF PERADABAN ISLAM
Authors: Saleh Akhmad Hasan
Published: April 2019

Pendidikan karakter merupakan kunci utama suksesnya sebuah pendidikan yang dilakukan oleh sebuah bangsa. Setiap bangsa memiliki pendidikan karakter yang khas sejalan dengan cara pandang berbeda dengan bangsa-bangsa lain dalam memberikan makna. Bangsa Indonesia harus memiliki konsep tersendiri tentang makna pendidikan karakter. Indonesia sebagai negara mayoritas muslim perlu melihat sejarah kejayaan Islam dalam membangun peradabannya. Dominasi ilmu menjadi warisan utama Islam dalam membangun masyarakat yang mulia, memiliki good moralistic dan  intelligent quotien serta mampu berfikir kritis terhadap konsep-konsep yang tidak sesuai dengan karakter bangsa. Pendidikan karakter Indonesia harus dimaknai ulang sesuai dengan amanat undang-undang yang menyatakan bahwa pendidikan nasional berfungsi mengembangkan kemampuan dan membentuk karakter serta peradaban bangsa yang bermartabat dalam rangka mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa. Pendidikan nasional bertujuan untuk berkembangnya potensi peserta didik agar menjadi manusia yang beriman dan bertaqwa kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, berakhlak mulia, sehat, berilmu, cakap, kreatif, mandiri dan menjadi warga negara yang denokrais serta bertanggungjawab. Dalam kajian ini penulis menggunakan literature studies untuk membandingkan konsep pendidikan karakter yang selama ini dijadikan patokan pemerintah dengan pendidikan karakter masa peradaban Islam berjaya. Sehingga komparasi yang diperoleh mampu menjadikan patokan bagi lembaga-lembaga pendidikan di Indonesia dalam penerapan pendidikan karakter bagi anak didiknya, maka akan tercapai tujuan pendidikan Nasional.
MENUMBUHKEMBANGKAN KULTUR AKADEMIK DAN MERAWAT TRADISI PESANTREN DI UIN SUNAN AMPEL SURABAYA
Authors: Bakhruddin Mukhammad
Published: April 2019

Artikel ini berusaha untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana mereka merancang, menerapkan, dan menggabungkan kedua perbedaan sumber budaya kelembagaan, yakni universitas dan pesantren. Dengan kata lain, penulis berasumsi bahwa tidak mudah mengintegrasikan beberapa fitur budaya pesantren di universitas. Sebentar lagi, pondok pesantren menerapkan budaya akademik bebas zat dari universitas. Tapi, untuk artikel ini akan menjajaki hasil studi di UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya, berdasarkan tiga fokus studi; desain integrasi, tantangan dalam implementasi, dan beberapa pendekatan strategis untuk menghapus kelemahannya. Kesimpulannya, salah satu strategi yang harus dilakukan disebut 'tradisi pesantren implan'. Artinya, budaya dan tradisi yang sangat besar di pesantren tidak bisa dilaksanakan sepenuhnya. UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya hanya mendukung dan menerapkan tradisi pesantren minimalis, seperti menghormati ceramah, sikap disiplin, dan tradisi spiritual-religius, seperti berdoa sebelum mempelajari materi pelajaran dalam program kelas.
PENDEKATAN INTEGRATIF DALAM STUDI ISLAM
Authors: Noor Fu'ad Arif
Published: April 2019

PendekatanIntegratifadalahkajian yang menggunakancarapandangdanataucaraanalisis yang menyatudanterpadu, analisisintegratifdapatdikelompokkanmenjadidua. Pertama, integratifantarseluruhnash yang terkaitdenganmasalah yang sedangdikupasataudibahas. Kedua, integratifantaranashdenganilmu lain yang terkaitdenganmasalah yang sedangdibahas.Ilmu-ilmu ke-Islaman adalah produk ijtihad para ilmuan (ulama/mujtahid). Dengan penempatan pada level yang demikian, maka ilmu-ilmu ke-Islaman yang  kenal sekarang ini adalah tidak identik dengan wahyu.  Dan bukan rahasia lagi bahwa praktek pendidikan dan pengajaran agama Islam selama ini terlalu menekankan pada sumber dan kebenaran tekstual. sehingga melupakan kenyataan bahwa ketika gagasan pemikiran, ide yang menjelma menjadi keyakinan dan keimanan yang berlandaskan teks itu dipraktekkan dan dioperasionalisasikan di lapangan, maka secara otomatis muncul berbagai pemahaman dan interpretasi.Integrasi antara ilmu umum dan ilmu agama itu pada dasarnya dilandaskan pada tauhidiq system, yakni menempatkan Allah sebagai awal dan akhir dari segalanya. Karena keyakinan tauhid dan juga keyakinan akan nilai-nilai agama bisa lahir dari ilmu apa saja termasuk ilmu yang selama ini digolongkan pada ilmu umum. Sebagai masyarakat akademisi tentunya menjadi suatu tantangan untuk mewujudkan bahwa Islam adalah rahmat seluruh alam, yang tetap memiki arah kemaslahatan dunia dan akhirat.Maka bukanlah sesuatu hal yang mustahil apabila PTAI kelak menjadi kiblat ilmu pengetahuan dengan syarat ada kesungguhan untuk mengadakan perubahan yang mendasar, diantaranya reinterpretasi ajaran Islam, mereformasi posisi beberapa dari segi pengajarannya, sampai dengan pengembangannya, merekontruksi yang diawali dengan dekontruksi kajian Islam, serta mengembangkan ilmu-ilmu keislaman
Türkiye'deki İllerin Yaşam Endekslerine Göre Kümelenmesi
Authors: Bulut Hasan
Published: April 2019

Kümeleme
analizi çok değişkenli veri yapısına sahip gözlemleri benzerlik ya da farklılık
ölçütlerine bakarak sınıflamayı amaçlayan yöntemler topluluğu olarak
tanımlanabilir. Kümeleme analizinde elde edilen kümelerin kendi içinde homojen,
kümeler arasının ise heterojen olması istenir. Bu çalışma, ülkemizdeki illerin
yaşam memnuniyet endeks değerlerine göre kümelenmesini amaçlamaktadır.
Çalışmada kullanılan endeks değerleri Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK)
tarafından 2015 yılında yürütülen ve sonuçları 2016 yılında açıklanan “İllerde
Yaşam Endeksi” çalışmasından elde edilmiştir. Çalışmada 11 endeks değeri illere
ait memnuniyet göstergeleri olarak alınmıştır ve elde edilen çok değişkenli
veri yapısı kullanılarak iller kümelenmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmada küme sayısının
ve kümeleme yönteminin belirlenmesinde küme geçerlilik endekslerinden
yararlanılmıştır.
Nanokristal Co70Si15B15 Toz Alaşımların Yapısal, Termal ve Manyetik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Avar Barış
Published: April 2019

Bu
çalışmada nanokristal Co70Si15B15 (at.%) toz
alaşımları, mekanik alaşımlama (MA) tekniği ile farklı öğütme sürelerinde
üretilmiştir. Öğütme süresince alaşımların yapısal değişimleri, parçacık
morfolojisi, termal kararlılıkları ve manyetik özellikleri incelenmiştir. X-ışını
difraksiyonu (XRD) sonuçları, elementel tozların birbirleri ile olan reaksiyonu
sonucu nanokristal Co(Si,B) katı çözelti fazını oluşturduğunu göstermiştir.
Taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) analizlerinden morfolojinin alaşımlama
boyunca değiştiği ve parçacık boyutunun öğütmenin ilk safhalarında arttığı,
daha sonra küçüldüğü anlaşılmıştır. Alaşımların yapısal durumuna bağlı olarak
görülen ekzotermik reaksiyonun aktivasyon enerjisi 128 ± 3 kJ/mol olarak
hesaplanmıştır. Manyetik sonuçlar, artan öğütme süresiyle hem doyum
manyetizasyonunun (Ms) hem de koersivitenin (Hc)
azaldığını göstermiştir.
Improvement in Estimating the Population Mean in Simple Random Sampling using Coefficient of Skewness of Auxiliary Attribute
Authors: Zaman Tolga
Published: April 2019

This
paper suggested a new family of estimators for the population mean in the
simple random sampling using the information of an auxiliary attribute.
Theoretically, the mean square error (MSE) equations were obtained and it was
shown that all the suggested ratio estimators are more efficient than some
known estimators. These results were also supported by two original data sets.
Interrupting Chicken and the Elephant of Surprise by D. Stein
Authors: Aitken Leslie
Published: April 2019

Stein, David E. Interrupting Chicken and the Elephant of Surprise. Candlewick Press in Association with Penguin Random House Canada, 2018.

In this, his second picture book starring Interrupting Chicken, Stein begins with a delightful pun: Chicken declares that every good story has “an elephant of surprise.” Papa tries to convince her that she has misheard her teacher, that every good story has “…an element of surprise.” To demonstrate, he attempts to read aloud classic folk and fairy tales: The Ugly Duckling; Little Mermaid; Rapunzel. Chicken, of course, interrupts. The Ugly Duckling gazes at his reflection and sees “…an Elephant.” The prince ascends the tower on a rope of hair to discover that his love is “…an ELEPHANT!”. Papa is dogged; he keeps trying. Chicken is relentless; she keeps interrupting. The story hour goes on with appealing silliness until Papa graciously allows it to end, not surprisingly, with elephants.

A former Caldecott Honor winner, Stein creates not only this amusing storyline, but its illustration as well. He employs a variety of artistic techniques to great effect. The basic narrative, (including Chicken’s interruptions of Papa’s readings) is presented in cartoon style and bold crayon; the classic readings are highlighted with line drawings and water colour. Thus the theme of “interruption” is both conveyed and sustained by the art work.

There are a few provisos about sharing this book with primary school children: a child will more fully enjoy the inappropriateness—and silliness—of Chicken’s outbursts if he or she is familiar with the plotlines of the classic tales that Papa attempts to read. The wise parent, or teacher, or librarian will ensure this familiarity in the most obvious and enjoyable way: sharing the stories. There is a further consideration: the hilarity of Chicken’s behaviour arises because she either cannot, or will not, acknowledge the literary concept of a “surprise element.” Children who, themselves, can grasp that concept will laugh harder than children who cannot. Depending on the age and maturity of the child listener, a little didacticism on the part of the adult reader may be appropriate. With these requirements satisfied, this book is a winner.

Recommended: 3 out of 4 stars Reviewer: Leslie Aitken

Leslie Aitken’s long career in librarianship included selection of children’s literature for school, public, special, and academic libraries. She is a former Curriculum Librarian of the University of Alberta.
Down by the River: A Family Fly Fishing Story by A. Weiner
Authors: Campbell Sandy
Published: April 2019

Weiner, Andrew.  Down by the River: A Family Fly Fishing Story. Harry N. Abrams, 2018. 

This is a beautifully illustrated book that tells a simple story about a boy, Art, who goes on a fly-fishing trip with his mother and grandfather. The story recalls a time when Art’s grandfather taught his mother to fish.  April Chu has used a subdued palette for her two-page riverine landscapes, with lots of green and rich autumn colours in the environment. The book has a calm and peaceful feel about it that mirrors the contemplative nature of fly-fishing. 

The text is simple and descriptive of a day spent on the river. The reading level is too difficult for the intended Kindergarten to Grade 2 audience, so an adult will need to read the book aloud, especially those sentences that could confuse young readers with difficult concepts or complicated jargon: “The line arced forward and the fly landed softly a few feet above the rock. It drifted with the current past the rock. There was a splash and the line went tight.” 

The last three pages contain information about fly fishing, the clothing worn by fly fishers and where to get more information about the sport. The end pages are decorated with images of intricate flys with such fun and mysterious names as: “Ian’s Crunch Caddis,” “Black Fur Ant,” and “Purple Parachute Adams.”

This book is a good introduction to fly fishing for younger children that also tells a charming story. Highly recommended for school and public libraries.

Highly Recommended: 4 stars out of 4 Reviewer:  Sandy Campbell

Sandy is a Health Sciences Librarian at the University of Alberta, who has written hundreds of book reviews across many disciplines. Sandy thinks that sharing books with children is one of the greatest gifts anyone can give.
Super-Wide Impedance Bandwidth Planar Antenna Based on Metamaterial Concept for Microwave and Millimetre-Wave Applications
Authors: Alibakhshikenari Mohammad , Singh Bal S. , See Chan H. , Abd-Alhameed Raed A. , Falcone Francisco , Limiti Ernesto
Published: April 2019

A novel configuration for a super-wide impedance planar antenna is presented based on a 2 × 2 microstrip patch antenna (MPA). The antenna comprises a symmetrical arrangement of four-square patches that are interconnected to each other with cross-shaped high impedance microstrip lines. The antenna array is exciting through a single feedline connected to one of the patches. The proposed antenna array configuration overcomes the main drawback of conventional MPA of narrow bandwidth that is typically <5%. The antenna exhibits a super-wide frequency bandwidth from 20 GHz to 120 GHz for S11<−15 dB, which corresponds to a fractional bandwidth of 142.85%. The antenna’s performance of bandwidth, impedance match, and radiation gain were enhanced by etching slots on the patches. The slotted microstrip patch essentially acts like a left-handed capacitance to exhibit metamaterial properties over a given frequency range. With the inclusion of the slot the maximum radiation gain and efficiency of the MPA have increased to 15.11 dBi and 85.79% at 80 GHz, which show an improvement of 2.58 dBi and 12.54%, respectively. The dimension of each patch antenna is 30 × 30 mm2. The results show that the proposed MPA is useful for various communications existing and emerging systems such as ultra-wideband (UWB) communications, RFID systems, massive multiple-output multiple-input (MIMO) for 5G, and radar systems.
Psychological Intervention Using Motivational Coaching in Dance Sport: A Single Case Study
Authors: Peris-Delcampo David , Taipe-Nasimba Nora , Expósito Violeta , Cantón Enrique
Published: April 2019

The work shows a single case intervention based on the motivational coaching model the “Cantón’s Giraffe”, theoretically and experimentally proven in a 20-years-old dancesport practitioner, who considered improving her execution with her dance partner. Methodological triangulation was used [34], combining a test-retest quantitative measure (Using Ryff Psychological Wellbeing Scales; the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire and an ad-hoc instrument for the motivational force assessment) and subjective analysis of the responses from the interviews conducted. A three-phase intervention protocol was used [33]: identification, intervention, and follow-up. The results show an improvement in reevaluation scores, an increase in the subjective evaluation, and participant satisfaction and perceived resources raised at the end of the intervention. These results are in line with previous similar studies.
A Three-Fingered Hand with a Suction Gripping System for Warehouse Automation
Authors: Hasegawa Shun ,   Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, Wada Kentaro , Okada Kei , Inaba Masayuki
Published: April 2019

For warehouse automation, stocking items in storage shelves (stowing stage) and picking them off the shelves (picking stage) should be automated. To achieve this, we propose a Suction Pinching Hand, an unstable-to-stable transformation (UST) strategy, and an entrance passing (EP) strategy. The Suction Pinching Hand has two underactuated fingers and one extendable and foldable suction finger whose fingertip has a suction cup. The suction finger is useful during the picking stage to enter and manipulate various objects in a cluttered narrow space, with such spaces being typical in efficient warehouses. As this manipulation is sometimes unstable, the underactuated fingers are used simultaneously to stabilize the grasp after the suction finger moves the object to a relatively open space. The UST strategy realizes the transition from unstable object manipulation in a narrow space to stabilization in a relatively open space. In the stowing stage, proximity sensors in the underactuated fingers are used to sense when the object is touched, for securing a direct pinching motion executable in the stowing stage. Finally, the EP strategy ensures that the picked object is able to pass through the entrance of the shelf bin and be successfully stowed. Experiments demonstrate both the ability of our robot hand to grasp various objects stably and safely, and the effectiveness of the UST and EP strategies during the picking and stowing stages.
Design Method of Spring Balance Mechanism Through Derivation of General Solution
Authors: Kaneda Kazuki , Yamagata Hirokazu , Morita Toshio ,   Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan,   The University of Tokyo 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
Published: April 2019

The present study set out to devise a means of designing a spring-balance mechanism (hereinafter, a SBM) based on a general solution. The goal was to apply a general solution as a guideline for identifying the optimum design solution. A SBM is used to reduce the actuator output in the design of a mechanical device. As a result, the effect of gravity can be offset and energy-saving in operation can be realized. To date, however, SBMs have been designed on a trial and error basis, with a reliance on the designer’s knowledge or experience. Thus, in some instances, it may not be possible to identify a design solution that should, in theory, be achievable. To overcome this issue, this study examined the application of a general solution to the design of a SBM. Such a general solution would identify a solution space including viable design solutions. Subsequently, once a design that satisfies the general solution had been identified, a search could be made of all the design solutions within the solution space. First, the sequence whereby the general solution is used to identify a SBM design that satisfies the general solution, thus providing a guideline for the search action, is determined. Herein, the method used to identify this initial SBM design is presented. The devised method is based on the description of an energy-conservation formula that does not involve any trial and error. The proposed method incorporates a conventional method into the design solution, which can be derived when the conventional method cannot identify a design solution. As a result, a design method using a general solution for the design of an SBM is realized.
Uncertain Interval Data EFCM-ID Clustering Algorithm Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Mao Yimin , Liu Yinping , Khan Muhammad Asim , Wang Jiawei , Mao Dinghui , Hu Jian ,   Information Institute, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Hakka Avenue No.156, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China,   211 Battalion Co., Ltd., China Shanxi Nuclear Industry Group Company Xi’an 710024, China,   Applied Science Institute, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Hakka Avenue No.156, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
Published: April 2019

In clustering problems based on fuzzy c-means (FCM) for uncertain interval data, points within the interval are usually assumed to have uniform distribution, resulting in the difficulty of accurately describing the interval. Furthermore, the clustering results are considerably affected by the initial clustering centers, and the update speed of the membership degree is slow. To address these problems, a new clustering algorithm called uncertain FCM for interval data (EFCM-ID) is presented. On the basis of a quartile, a median quartile-spacing distance measurement for generally distributed interval data based on machine learning is designed to precisely determine these data. Simultaneously, we sample the whole dataset and consider the density centers as the initial clustering centers to increase accuracy. We call this method samplingbased density-center selection (SDCS). To reduce the running time, a new measurement based on competitive-learning theory to update the membership is developed. It accelerates the update speed by different degrees according to value of the membership degree. Experiments conducted on synthetic interval datasets show the feasibility of EFCM-ID.
Analysis of the Efficiency of Composite Supports in Electric Networks of the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Fursanov M. I. , Sazonov P. A.
Published: April 2019

Modern conditions for the development of the electric power industry increase the requirements in the field of technical conditions and reliability; thus, in a number of Western countries electric networks are being restructured on the basis of safe, environmentally friendly and reliable composite supports. The article analyzes the structure, design and methods of construction of overhead power lines with composite supports that are more promising than traditional ones. The properties, main characteristics and advantages of materials for the production supports of fiberglass and of wood are considered. The advantages and disadvantages of composite and wooden racks are compared and it is shown that most of the requirements for the supports of overhead power lines are met by composite supports. It is discovered that the existing and promising solutions that enable effective use of composite supports in the construction of an overhead line are quite diverse. Currently, in the electrical networks of Western countries, the most common structural model of the construction of an overhead line is the one the one that alternates composite and wooden supports in a certain sequence. The best option of the use of composite supports along with wood ones is the following ratio: four composite supports to one wooden one (method of construction “4/1”). The advantages of this method of construction of the power line are presented, viz. a significant increase in the mechanical strength of the structure of supports and wires as well as the safety of their maintenance. The results of technical and economic calculation that confirm the advantage of constructing a 10 kV distribution line according to the “4/1” scheme are presented. The implementation of composite supports in the electric networks of the Republic of Belarus in the long term will allow obtaining a tangible financial effect by reducing the cost of operation of the overhead line and because of a significant period of operation of composite racks, which is an undoubted advantage in conditions of the modern market economy.
Methods of Forming Orthogonal Components of Input Signals for Relay Protection
Authors: Romaniuk F. A. , Loman М. S. , Kachenya V. S.
Published: April 2019

The existing frequency digital filters for allocation of the fundamental frequency of a sine signal are considered and their advantages and disadvantages are noted. Preference is given to the combined digital filter. The existing methods of determining the orthogonal components of a sine signal are analyzed and their disadvantages are pointed out. It is concluded that most of the existing methods for determining orthogonal components are sensitive to the fundamental frequency deviation of the sine signal. This is due to the fact that the deviation of the frequency alters the angle of one sample. The method for solving this problem has been proposed. The essence of the method is the dynamic recalculation of the angle of one sample depending on the calculated frequency. The mathematical model for research of ways of formation of orthogonal components is presented. The model includes transient generator taking into account the aperiodic component, combined digital filter and the methods of formation of orthogonal components under study. The method of transient phenomena formation that takes into account the aperiodic component is described. Coefficients of combined digital filter for sampling frequency of 1200 Hz are given. One of the implementations of the proposed method of formation of orthogonal components in the programming language MatLab is presented. One of the more popular methods and the proposed method acted as the formers of orthogonal components under study. The final part of the article presents the results of the research, as well as their analysis.
Experimental Verification of the Adequacy of Mathematical Model of the Reciprocating Electric Electromagnetically Excited Generator
Authors: Menzhinski A. B. , Malashin A. N. , Sukhodolov Yu. V.
Published: April 2019

The article presents a mathematical simulation of the electromagnetically excited generator of reciprocating type, which resulted in an equivalent circuit diagram, a magnetic circuit design of the generator and some expressions describing the electromagnetic processes in the electromagnetically excited generator of reciprocating type. The nonlinear mathematical model of the electromagnetically excited generator of reciprocating type has been developed. In order of the experimental verification of the adequacy of the mathematical model of the reciprocating electric generator, as well as of the validity of the assumptions made, a breadboard sample of the reciprocating electric generator has been made consisting of a fixed part in the form of two U-shaped magnetic cores and a moving part representing an H-shaped magnetic cores. There is focused operating winding on both the U-shaped magnetic cores. The N-shaped magnetic core is coiled with excitation winding which is connected to a DC power source. In a breadboard sample of the reciprocating electric generator a drive motor of 100 W with an amplitude of reciprocating oscillations of the moving part equal to 16 mm, and a frequency of oscillations adjustable in the range from 5 to 50 Hz is used in order to simulate a free-piston engine. The main characteristics of the generator (viz., idle speed and external characteristics) have been experimentally obtained. Comparison of experimental and calculated results demonstrated their discrepancy of no more than 4 %; therefore, the nonlinear mathematical model reflects the characteristics of the generator of longitudinal type with a high degree of adequacy.
Application of 3D-printing extrusion technology in foundry production
Authors: Tolochko N. K. , Andrushevich A. A. , Vasilevsky P. N. , Chugaev P. S.
Published: April 2019

A brief review of the additive technologies used for producing the foundry forming tooling is carried out. The peculiarities of using extrusion 3D-ptinting technology for producing the foundry forming tooling in comparison with other additive technologies are considered. The possibilities to produce the foundry forming tooling from clay viscous-flowing materials using extrusion 3D-ptinting technology are demonstrated experimentally.
Complex technology of secondary aluminium alloys quality increasing
Authors: Volchok I. P. , Mityayev A. A. , Frolov R. A.
Published: April 2019

In the article the possibility of obtaining high-quality castings from a charge, consisting of secondary aluminium A356.2 and AK7ch with a high level of iron, is considered. The influence of the complex treatment of the melt by a modifier and fine-crystalline remelting at an iron content in the alloy to 1.84% is presented.
The role of tension to ensure the accuracy of profiles in continuous rolling.
Authors: Zuyeu I. A.
Published: April 2019

The article discusses the relevance of the problem of ensuring the accuracy of the geometric dimensions of rolled profiles on long and wire mills. On the example of this type of long products, such as wire rod, which are subject to strict requirements for geometric dimensions, describes the main difficulties in solving the problems of which is the need to take into account the technological effect of intercellular tension in continuous rolling, which often leads to an uncontrollable effect on the accuracy of rolling.
The influence of the characteristics of breaking test units on the results of testing plastic properties of the wire RML
Authors: Akunets N. A.
Published: April 2019

For metal products manufactured by hardware shops (metal cord, PML wire and side bronzed wire), the most important mechanical properties are those, that determine the strength, ductility and other characteristics of the materials. The article describes the characteristics of breaking test unit that affect the results of tests of plastic properties of RML wire. The analysis of the test conditions and factors affecting the test results was made.
Consolidation Efficiency of Noncompact Alloys by Diamond Burnishing
Authors: Vishnepolskiy E. V. , Pavlenko D. V.
Published: April 2019

Active use of parts synthesized while using additive technologies from powders is limited due to presence of residual porosity contributing to a decrease in strength, ductility, fracture toughness, crack resistance, workability by cutting, as well as tribotechnical characteristics. It has been proposed in order to expand scope of parts application derived from non-compact alloys to use methods of surface layer hardening. Specific features of local surface-plastic deformation have been investigated by diamond smoothing of samples from a sintered titanium alloy ВT1-0, as well as an alloy based on titanium aluminides LMD ОX 45-3 (Ti–45Al–3Nb) synthesized by selective laser sintering. It has been established that diamond burnishing is an effective method of compacting surface layer of samples from low-plastic non-compact materials obtained by various methods. It has been shown that in order to eliminate effectively porosity and increase strength of a surface layer for bearing surfaces of parts made from these materials, processing must be performed in a narrow range of mode parameters taking into account mechanical properties of the material, residual porosity and tool parameters. For example, application of diamond smoothers with a sphere radius of 0.5 mm leads due to a small contact surface of a tool and low ductility of the material being processed to destruction of the surface layer, as the tool “fails” into large pores, which causes spalling of the material or uneven effect of the tool on the surface layer. It has been determined that for the effective application of the established regimes it is necessary to take into account an initial porosity which has a random distribution over the surface area of the studied samples. For maximum compaction efficiency of an alloy based on a sintered titanium alloy ВT1-0, as well as an alloy based on titanium aluminides LMD ОХ 45-3 (Ti–45Al–3Nb), a cumulative effect of smoothing parameters should be taken into account.
Some Stochastic Specific Features of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Carbonization
Authors: Osipov S. N. , Zakharenko A. V. , Chik V. M.
Published: April 2019

Reliable calculation of concrete carbonization development is considered as a basis of forecasting corrosion of steel reinforcement and longevity of reinforced construction structures. Investigation results for stochastic specific features of carbonization in a protective concrete layer or its residual thickness in reinforced structures operating in airspace have been obtained for the last 20 years. In this case it is recommended for simulation of a protective concrete layer to use a normal law of distribution and a histogram which looks like distribution of extreme values is recommended for its residual thickness. Stochastic estimation for multiple measurements (1211 results excluding obviously unsuccessful ones) has made it possible to determine rather large values of variation coefficient (maximum values up to 0.34 with average index about 0.19) for indices of initial carbonization for С12/15−С20/25 concrete grades. At the same time these variation coefficients for С25/30 and С30/37 concrete grades have decreased up to 0.15 and 0.11, respectively. It has been established that density of distribution for random carbonization values of С12/15−С18/22.5 concrete grades being operated under conditions of agricultural premises with high aggressive environment corresponds, as a rule, to a normal law after excluding evidently unwanted values. In this connection use of maximum and minimum values of concrete carbonization in selections for estimation of variation coefficients differs from determination for the whole selection and it requires a corresponding correction. While operating С12/15−С18/22.5 concrete grades under conditions of agricultural premises in the period of 10−40 years average values of variation coefficients remain approximately constant with fluctuation up to ±0.01 with average value of 0.11−0.12. Spread in some variation coefficient values for concrete carbonization is decreasing from two to 1.25-fold within this period of time and later on it likely becomes stabilized. As a whole while determining duration of concrete protective layer carbonization it is necessary to take into account not only stochasticity of concrete protective layer and carbonization rate but also random values of concrete carbonization at specific carbonization rate and depth.