bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the interplay of frailty, physical function, physical activity, nutritional status, and their association with quality of life and depressive symptoms in older adults with the frailty phenotype
Authors: Casals Cristina , Corral‐Pérez Juan , Ávila‐Cabeza‐de‐Vaca Laura , González‐Mariscal Andrea , Carrión‐Velasco Yolanda , Rodríguez‐Martínez María Carmen , Jiménez‐Cebrián Ana María , Vázquez‐Sánchez María Ángeles
Published: March 2024

Objective

This study aimed to explore the interplay between frailty, physical function, physical activity, nutritional status, and their impact on the quality of life and depressive status in older adults with frailty.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study involving 235 pre‐frail/frail older adults residing in Spanish communities was conducted. Frailty was assessed using Fried's criteria, physical function was evaluated using the Short Physical Performance Battery, and physical activity levels were measured via wrist‐worn accelerometers. Nutritional status was determined using the Mini‐Nutritional Assessment alongside anthropometric measurements. Quality of life was gauged using the EuroQoL 5‐Dimension 5‐Level, while depressive status was assessed using the Yesavage 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale. Multivariate linear regression and logistic regression analyses were employed to elucidate the associations of these factors with quality of life and depression.

Results

Our findings revealed significant correlations between various factors and quality of life. Notably, reported fatigue (β = −0.276, p = 0.002), performance in the 4‐m gait test (β = −0.242, p = 0.001), the score on the short version of the Mini‐Nutritional Assessment (β = 0.312, p = 0.002), and engagement in light physical activity (β = 0.180, p = 0.023) were all found to be associated with quality of life. In terms of depressive symptoms, the Mini‐Nutritional Assessment score emerged as a protective factor (Odds ratio, OR: 0.812, p < 0.001), as did participation in moderate physical activity (OR: 0.988, p = 0.028). Conversely, fatigue (OR: 3.277, p = 0.003) and a slow gait speed (OR: 1.136, p = 0.045) were identified as risk factors for depressive symptoms.

Conclusions

This study underscores the detrimental association of fatigue and slow gait speed on both quality of life and depressive status among older adults with frailty. In contrast, engaging in physical activity and addressing malnutrition risk emerge as critical protective factors for enhancing quality of life and ameliorating depressive symptoms in this population.

Clinical trial registration

This is a study that uses cross‐sectional data from a trial registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT05610605).
Modulating the Acceptor Preference of His‐C‐Geranyltransferase LimF
Authors: Zhang Yuchen , Goto Yuki , Suga Hiroaki
Published: March 2024

Lipidation stands as a pivotal strategy for enhancing the metabolic stability of target peptides. Prenyltransferases in cyanobactin biosynthesis have garnered significant attention as potential peptide lipidation biocatalysts because of their exceptional regio‐ and chemoselectivity. However, these enzymes often exhibit a biased preference for certain acceptor substrates, requiring specific amino acids adjacent to the modifying residue. In this study, we demonstrate the structure‐guided engineering of LimF, a His‐C‐geranyltransferase, to broaden its peptide substrate tolerance. By altering key residues in the peptide‐binding pocket, we created a LimF variant capable of modifying sequence motifs previously inaccessible to the wildtype enzyme. The variant successfully modified some previously unfavored sequence motifs in artificial peptide substrates and bioactive peptide agents, validating the engineered substrate scope. With the discovery of novel peptide prenyltransferases, this approach would lead to a more comprehensive toolbox of peptide prenylation biocatalysts.
The mechanism of room‐temperature oxidation of a HF‐etched Ti3C2TxMXene determined via environmental transmission electron microscopy and molecular dynamics
Authors: Liu Yuying , Shi Zhihao , Liang Tingbin , Zheng Dehui , Yang Zhichao , Wang Zhen , Zhou Jian , Wang Shuangbao
Published: March 2024

The oxidation chemistry of two‐dimensional transition metal carbide MXenes has brought new research significance to their protection and application. However, the oxidation behavior and degradation mechanism of MXenes, in particular with time under oxygen conditions at room temperature, remain largely unexplored. Here, several experimental and theoretical techniques are used to determine a very early stage of the oxidation mechanism of HF‐etched Ti3C2Tx (a major member of MXenes and Tx = surface functional groups) in an oxygen environment at room temperature. Aberration‐corrected environmental transmission electron microscopy coupled with reactive molecular dynamics simulations show that the crystal plane‐dependent oxidation rate of Ti3C2Tx and oxide expansion are attributed to differences in the coordination and charge of superficial Ti atoms, and the existence of the channels between neighboring MXene layers on the different crystal planes. The complementary x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy analyses indicate that the anatase and a tiny fraction of brookite TiO2 successively precipitate from the amorphous region of oxidized Ti3C2Tx, grow irregularly and transform to rutile TiO2. Our study reveals the early‐stage structural evolution of MXenes in the presence of oxygen and facilitates further tailoring of the MXene performance employing oxidation strategy.
Exploration of the Clinical Effect of Different Autotransfusion Methods on Patients With Femoral Shaft Fracture Surgery
Authors: Wang Yujia , Wang Huan , Xu Jiaming , Wang Jinhuo , You Laiwei , Bai Yu , Guo Jianrong
Published: March 2024

Objective

To explore the clinical effect of predeposit, salvage, and hemodilution autotransfusion on patients with femoral shaft fracture (FSF) surgery.

Methods

Selected patients with FSF were randomly divided into three groups: intraoperative blood salvage autotransfusion, preoperative hemodilution autohemotransfusion, and predeposit autotransfusion. Five days after the operation, the body temperature, heart rate, blood platelet (PLT), and hemoglobin (Hb) of patients were determined. The concentrations of EPO and GM‐CSF in the three groups were calculated by ELISA. The content of CD14+ monocytes was calculated by FCM assay. The growth time and condition of the patient's callus were determined at the 30th, 45th, and 60th day after operation. Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between EPO, GM‐CSF, CD14+ mononuclear content, callus growth, and autotransfusion methods.

Results

There were no statistically significant differences in body temperature and heart rate between the three groups (p > 0.05). PLT and Hb in the Predeposit group were markedly increased compared with that in the Salvage and Hemodilution groups. The concentrations of EPO and GM‐CSF in the Predeposit group were markedly increased compared with that in the Salvage and Hemodilution groups. The content of CD14+ monocytes in the Predeposit group was significantly higher than that in the Salvage and Hemodilution groups. Predeposit autotransfusion promotes callus growth more quickly.

Conclusion

Predeposit autotransfusion promoted the recovery of patients with FSF after the operation more quickly than salvage autotransfusion and hemodilution autotransfusion.
The relationship between weight gain during chemotherapy and outcomes in patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Roeland Eric J. , Fintelmann Florian J. , Hilton Fiona , Yang Ruoyong , Whalen Ed , Tarasenko Lisa , Calle Roberto A. , Bonomi Philip D.
Published: March 2024

Background

This post hoc, pooled analysis examined the relationship between different weight gain categories and overall survival (OS) in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy.

Methods

Data were pooled from the control arms of three phase III clinical studies (NCT00596830, NCT00254891, and NCT00254904), and the maximum weight gain in the first 3 months from treatment initiation was categorised as >0%, >2.5%, and >5.0%. Cox proportional hazard modelling of OS was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for each category, including baseline covariates, time to weight gain, and time to confirmed objective response (RECIST Version 1.0).

Results

Of 1030 patients with advanced NSCLC (IIIB 11.5% and IV 88.5%), 453 (44.0%), 252 (24.5%), and 120 (11.7%) experienced weight gain from baseline of >0%, >2.5%, and >5.0%, respectively. The median time to weight gain was 23 (>0%), 43 (>2.5%), and 45 (>5.0%) days. After adjusting for a time‐dependent confirmed objective response, the risk of death was reduced for patients with any weight gain (>0% vs. ≤0% [HR 0.71; 95% confidence interval—CI 0.61, 0.82], >2.5% vs. ≤2.5% [HR 0.76; 95% CI 0.64, 0.91] and >5.0% vs. ≤5.0% [HR 0.77; 95% CI 0.60, 0.99]). The median OS was 13.5 versus 8.6 months (weight gain >0% vs. ≤0%), 14.4 versus 9.4 months (weight gain >2.5% vs. ≤2.5%), and 13.4 versus 10.2 months (weight gain >5.0% vs. ≤5.0%).

Conclusions

Weight gain during treatment was associated with a reduced risk of death, independent of tumour response. The survival benefit was comparable for weight gain >0%, >2.5%, and >5.0%, suggesting that any weight gain may be an early predictor of survival with implications for the design of interventional cancer cachexia studies.
Frailty phenotype as mediator between systemic inflammation and osteoporosis and fracture risks: A prospective study
Authors: Di Dongsheng , Zhou Haolong , Cui Zhangbo , Zhang Jianli , Liu Qian , Yuan Tingting , Zhou Tingting , Luo Xiao , Ling Danyang , Wang Qi
Published: March 2024

Background

Systemic inflammation and frailty have been implicated in osteoporosis (OP) and fracture risks; however, existing evidence remains limited and inconclusive. This study aimed to assess the associations of systemic inflammation and frailty phenotype with incident OP and fracture and to evaluate the mediating role of frailty phenotype.

Methods

The present study analysed data from the UK Biobank, a comprehensive and representative dataset encompassing over 500 000 individuals from the general population. Baseline peripheral blood cell counts were employed to calculate the systemic inflammation markers, including neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII). Frailty phenotype was assessed using five criteria, defined as frail (≥3 items met), pre‐frail (1–2 items met) and non‐frail (0 items met). OP and fracture events were confirmed through participants' health‐related records. Multivariable linear and Cox regression models were utilized, along with mediation analysis.

Results

Increased systemic inflammation was associated with increased risks of OP and fracture. The corresponding hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for OP risk per standard deviation increase in the log‐transformed NLR, PLR and SII were 1.113 (1.093–1.132), 1.098 (1.079–1.118) and 1.092 (1.073–1.111), and for fracture risk, they were 1.066 (1.051–1.082), 1.059 (1.044–1.075) and 1.073 (1.058–1.089), respectively. Compared with the non‐frail individuals, the pre‐frail and frail ones showed an elevated OP risk by 21.2% (95% CI: 16.5–26.2%) and 111.0% (95% CI: 98.1–124.8%), respectively, and an elevated fracture risk by 6.1% (95% CI: 2.8–9.5%) and 38.2% (95% CI: 30.7–46.2%), respectively. The systemic inflammation level demonstrated a positive association with frailty, with β (95% CI) of 0.034 (0.031–0.037), 0.026 (0.023–0.029) and 0.008 (0.005–0.011) in response to per standard deviation increment in log‐transformed SII, NLR and PLR, respectively. The frailty phenotype mediated the association between systemic inflammation and OP/fracture risk. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings.

Conclusions

Systemic inflammation and frailty phenotype are independently linked to increased risks of OP and fracture. The frailty phenotype partially mediates the association between systemic inflammation and osteoporotic traits. These results highlight the significance of interventions targeting systemic inflammation and frailty in OP and fracture prevention and management.
One pot synthetic approach to 2‐methyl‐5‐phenyl‐7‐amino‐[1,3,4]‐thiadiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidine‐6‐carbonitrile derivatives with antifungal evaluation
Authors: Saikia Rimpi , Bharali Jumi , Borthakur Sukanya , Kalita Pabitra Kumar , Sarma Pradyut , Saikia Prakash Jyoti , Dutta Mintu Maan , Borthakur Susanta Kumar
Published: March 2024

Novel 2‐methyl‐5‐phenyl‐7‐amino‐[1,3,4]‐thiadiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidine‐6‐carbonitrile derivatives 3 were synthesized from 2‐amino‐5‐methyl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole 1 and benzylidinemalononitrile 2 in ethanol by refluxing the mixture with catalytic amount of NaOH. The structures of all compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, MS, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The newly synthesized compounds were also seen as an affective fungicide against Rhizoctonia solani and Trichoderma sp., two fungal microbes causing diseases in rice plants.
Regulation of soil nutrient cycling in the root zone of Pyracantha fortuneana: The role of core microbiome induced by plant species
Authors: Sun Caili , Lu Xiaoyu , Wang Yiwei , Qiu Mosheng
Published: March 2024

Background

A host‐plant and its associated microbiota are interdependent, with the enduring root zone microbial communities evolving over an extended period for a specific plant species. However, the long‐term stability and functioning of host‐associated microbiota, and their potential to be influenced by introduced plants, remain poorly understood.

Aims

Our objective was to ascertain the relative contributions of core and rare microbiota in maintaining community stability and soil nutrient cycling in the presence of introduced plants.

Methods

We executed a pot experiment where four plant species at varying successional stages were planted in soil collected from the root area of Pyracantha fortuneana. Soil samples were collected 2 years post‐planting. The soil nutrients, enzyme activities, and microbial networks under different introduced plants were analyzed.

Results

The growth of Betula luminifera significantly enhanced soil enzyme activity, multi‐nutrient cycling level, and microbial community diversity, compared to soils cultivated with Imperata cylindrica and Zanthoxylum simulans. Furthermore, the treatment involving B. luminifera planting exhibited a lower clustering coefficient and higher average path length than other treatments. Core taxa demonstrated higher node degree and betweenness centrality than rare taxa, favoring the stability of the microbial network. Importantly, the core taxa, particularly their co‐occurrence network properties, were the primary drivers for multi‐nutrient cycles of P. fortuneana root zone soils. Among the core taxa, Mortierellomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Thermoleophili, and Rubrobacteria were abundant in the treatment involving B. luminifera and were significantly positively correlated with most soil nutrient extracellular enzymes, thereby contributing to soil multi‐nutrient cycling.

Conclusion

Core taxa significantly influence the microbial stability in the root zone soil of P. fortuneana. The introduction of B. luminifera can enhance the stability of the microbial community structure within this soil, thereby promoting soil nutrient cycles.
Impacts of land cover changes on dust emissions in northern China (2000–2020)
Authors: Song Hongquan , Min Ruiqi , Song Genxin , Zhai Shiyan , Wang Dong , Wang Yaobin , Bai Tianqi
Published: March 2024

Land cover is a key factor affecting dust emissions. Substantial changes in land cover have occurred due to human activities and climate change in northern China. However, the extent to which these changes influence dust emissions is still controversial. Here, we explored the specific impact of land use type transformation on dust emissions between 2000 and 2020 by using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF‐Chem) from the perspective of land cover changes. Two scenarios were set up and compared to quantify this impact. One scenario was using the land cover data in 2000, and the other scenario was to use the land cover data in 2020. Both scenarios were driven by the initial meteorological conditions in 2020. Results indicated that the land cover changes between 2000 and 2020 reduced dust emissions in northern China, but the weakened intensity showed obvious spatial differences. Different land use conversion types had significant differences in their impact on dust emissions. Transforming bare areas to water bodies can reduce dust emissions by up to −3.62 g m−2 year−1. This is followed by the change from bare areas to sparse vegetation areas, which can decrease dust emissions by −2.9 g m−2 year−1, and then by the conversion from bare areas to cropland, with a reduction of −2.57 g m−2 year−1. These findings can offer methodologies and data support for the quantitative evaluation of the effects of land cover changes on dust emissions. They can also serve as a reference for environmental management when formulating land use policies.
Flexibly Designable 2D Chiral Metasurfaces with Pixelated Topological Structure Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Wang Chenqian , Cheng Xiguo , Wang Rui , Hu Xin , Wang Chinhua
Published: March 2024

2D chiral metasurface have been widely used for planar circular dichroism (CD) devices. However, the design of 2D metasurfaces usually means a time‐consuming search of effective structures, which are typically limited to regular geometries and compromised performances. Here, an efficient method for 2D chiral metasurfaces with pixelated topological structure based on machine learning (ML) is proposed and demonstrated from which simultaneous high CD and extinction ratio (ER) either over broadband or at specific wavelength can be efficiently achieved. The proposed ML method combines both advantages of high efficiency of neural network (NN) and superior goal evolution ability of microbial genetic algorithm (MGA). Unlike traditional empirical‐driven methods, the hybrid framework and pixelated topologically deformable structures can fully exploit the potential of design space and push design capability to its physical limit. An average CD of 94.7% and ER of 15 dB over wavelength from 1.45–1.65 µm and a CD of >90%/ER of >27 dB at freely‐selected wavelength of 1.54 and 1.616 µm are obtained. Experiments with fabricated topological structures validate the theoretical predictions. The proposed pixelated structures with ML provide a universal method for precise tailoring of optical properties of metasurfaces which is otherwise unattainable with conventional regular geometries.
The Effects of Nitrogen‐Containing Monomers on the Thermal Degradation and Combustion Attributes of Polystyrenes Chemically Modified With Phosphonate Groups
Authors: Baby Aloshy , Tretsiakova‐McNally Svetlana , Joseph Paul , Zhang Jianping , Arun Malavika
Published: March 2024

In the present study, polystyrene (PS) is chemically modified with diethyl(acryloyloxymethyl)phosphonate (DEAMP) and an N‐containing monomer, selected from different classes of compounds, via a ter‐polymerization route; thus, exploring possible P–N synergistic effects on fire retardance of the base polymer. The successful incorporation of P and N monomeric units is confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT‐IR), 1H and 31P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. The thermal degradation and combustion attributes of modified polymeric materials are measured using standard techniques, including Thermo‐Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), “bomb” calorimetry, and Pyrolysis Combustion Flow Calorimetry (PCFC). The thermal and combustion studies demonstrate that the thermal stability and combustion characteristics of styrenic polymers are significantly altered by the presence of even nominal amounts of P‐ and N‐containing groups, and in certain cases, synergistic interactions of these groups are also evident. For instance, as revealed by TGA, the extent of char formation, under the oxidative atmosphere, in the prepared ter‐polymers, is enhanced by 16–44%, when compared to the unmodified PS. The heat release rates and heat release capacities of ter‐polymers, measured using the PCFC technique, are reduced by 18–50%, in comparison to the same parameters obtained for the unmodified counterpart.
Fat and fat‐free mass measurement agreement by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry versus bioelectrical impedance analysis: Effects of posture and waist circumference
Authors: Ellison Katie M. , Ehrlicher Sarah E. , El Zein Aseel , Sayer R. Drew
Published: March 2024

Background

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) operates under the assumption that the conductor has a uniform cylindrical shape. However, this assumption may be violated if measures are taken in the seated position, especially in people with a high waist circumference (WC).

Aims

The aims of this research were to determine whether posture (supine, standing, and seated) and WC affect agreement between BIA and dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) measures of fat mass (FM) and fat‐free mass (FFM).

Materials & Methods

Baseline data were collected from 28 adults (mean = 61.4 ± 6.9 years, 64.3% female) with obesity (BMI 38.6 ± 5.0 kg/m2). Body composition was measured using BIA in the supine, standing, and seated positions and by DXA while supine. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analyses with two‐way mixed effects and absolute agreement were performed to determine agreement.

Results

Point estimates were excellent for FM and FFM while supine, excellent for FM and good for FFM while standing, and moderate for FM and good for FFM while seated. BIA measures in the supine position resulted in the narrowest 95% confidence intervals compared with other positions. Better agreement was observed across all positions in participants with a WC below the median (118.3 cm).

Discussion

Despite the potential pragmatic value of measuring with BIA in a seated position, the results of this analysis demonstrate the poorest agreement between DXA and BIA methods, especially in individuals with high WC.

Conclusion

Findings from this study demonstrate that BIA, particularly when measured in a supine position, can serve as a viable alternative to DXA for measuring body composition in people with obesity.
The melt memory effects in polymer crystallization
Authors: Shang Yingrui
Published: March 2024

This paper presents a systematic review of the literature on the melt memory effects observed in polymers, an area that has engendered considerable debate for over 50 years. Recent advances in experimental techniques have provided fresh insights into how a polymer's thermal history influences its recrystallization behavior. It has been observed that given other conditions unchanged, the crystallization temperature during recrystallization decreases with an increase in the melt temperature Ts above the melting point Tm until a critical melt temperature is attained. This phenomenon also extends to the half‐time of crystallization and the secondary structures, such as lamellar thickness, of semi‐crystalline polymers. Despite these findings, a comprehensive constitutive model that encapsulates polymer melt memory effects remains elusive. Cutting‐edge instrumentation, including in situ small and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, temperature‐controlled Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and flash differential scanning calorimetry, have posed significant challenges to the traditional nucleation and growth models established in the 1970s. These models are foundational to our understanding of polymer crystallization, which is an integral part of polymer processing and production. In this review, the historical contours of this discourse are traced, with an examination of both the recent experimental breakthroughs and theoretical advancements pertinent to polymer melt memory effects. This paper delves into the prevailing theories of polymer nucleation and crystallization and engages with theoretical discussions and numerical simulations that attempt to elucidate and rationalize these melt memory phenomena.
Genomic responses to climate: Understanding local adaptation in the Andean tree species Nothofagus pumilio and implications for a changing world
Authors: Sekely Jill , Marchelli Paula , Arana Verónica , Dauphin Benjamin , Mattera María Gabriela , Pastorino Mario , Scotti Ivan , Soliani Carolina , Heer Katrin , Opgenoorth Lars
Published: March 2024

Societal Impact Statement

Forest trees tend to be strongly genetically adapted to their local environments, but climate change will probably subject trees to novel combinations of precipitation, temperature, and photoperiod. Local adaptation was investigated in the ecologically and economically important Patagonian tree species Nothofagus pumilio by characterizing its genetic diversity in relation to the varied environmental conditions across its range. These insights are useful for conservation and management decisions, for example by identifying suitable populations to establish seed source plantations for restoration and characterizing relationships with environmental drivers of selection to better understand how this species will respond to climate change.

Nothofagus pumilio is a foundation tree species that inhabits a 2000‐km‐long range in the southern Andes, a region with two perpendicular environmental gradients: temperature and photoperiod (North–South), and precipitation (West–East). We investigated local adaptation patterns by searching for relationships between environmental clines and signatures of adaptation in candidate genes related to stress response, growth, and phenology. Using a paired site sampling design within a landscape genome analysis, we analyzed 493 adult N. pumilio trees in 20 sampling sites across the species' latitudinal range. We screened 47,336 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci in 1632 contigs (i.e., coding regions along the genome). Population structure and genetic diversity analyses preceded four genome scan analyses using genetic and environmental data. Population structure and genetic diversity are mainly oriented along the latitude axis. Genome scans identified 445 outlier SNPs, which are loci showing signatures of selection. Temperature and photoperiod variables were associated with notably more outliers than precipitation. However, the most frequent biological functions among genes were water deprivation response and cold response, suggesting that stress response is comprised of complex and polygenic traits that are affected by many environmental variables. Our findings suggest that N. pumilio shows signatures of local adaptation to extant climate conditions, including temperature, photoperiod, and precipitation. However, climate change is likely to alter existing relationships among environmental conditions to which this species is currently adapted. These changes may have unpredictable consequences for the species' future survival, adaptation potential, and the people who depend upon these forests.
Strain and Exchange‐Spring Mechanism of (1‐x) Ni0.5Cu0.25Zn0.25Fe2O4 + (x) SrFe11Y1O19 Magnetically Soft–Hard Ferrite Composed Nanoparticles
Authors: Phase Vidyasagar P. , Kammar Sharanabasappa S. , Munnolli Chandrashekhar S. , Madansure Yashwant S. , Ibrahim Ahmed A. , Batoo Khalid M. , Kadam Ram H. , Shirsath Sagar E. , Shitre Anil R.
Published: March 2024

A mixture of soft–hard (S–H) ferrites with the general chemical formula (1‐x) Ni0.5Cu0.25Zn0.25Fe2O4 (NCZFO) + (x) SrFe11Y1O19 (SFYO) is developed via sol‐gel auto‐combustion and their physical mixing. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and two‐probe technique are used to examine the resultant materials. Rietveld refinement of XRD data confirms the co‐existence of both soft and hard phases in the composites. The HRTEM and FESEM results confirm the nanocrystalline nature of the synthesized particles. Williamson‐Hall method is employed to reveal the strain nature in soft and hard phases. VSM analysis shows considerable changes in the magnetic characteristics for the different composition of NCZFO and SFYO. The exchange‐spring mechanism is discussed in the manuscript.
Implementation and evaluation of a spectral cumulus parametrization for simulating tropical cyclones in JMA‐GSM
Authors: Baba Yuya , Ujiie Masashi , Ota Yukinari , Yonehara Hitoshi
Published: March 2024

A spectral cumulus parametrization (spectral scheme) developed using a cloud‐resolving model simulation was implemented in Global Spectral Model of the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA‐GSM, GSM hereafter). The performance of the spectral scheme in terms of mean state, variability, and tropical cyclone (TC) properties was evaluated using atmosphere‐only model experiments by comparing results of the original convection scheme (based on Arakawa–Schubert scheme, AS scheme) and the spectral scheme. Parameter tunings were first conducted for the spectral scheme, through which the climatological errors of the cloud cover in the Southern Ocean and temperature were greatly improved. The spectral scheme showed comparable climatological errors to the AS scheme in the increased resolutions. The spectral scheme greatly improved tropical variability, that is, response to El Niño/Southern Oscillation and Madden–Julian Oscillation. Analyses on TC statistical data revealed that the spectral scheme improved TC properties in terms of genesis frequency, intensity, and the response of TC to tropical variability. Specifically, significant improvements were seen in the Northern Hemisphere. Further analyses on the TC structure revealed that higher TC intensity was sustained for longer times by the spectral scheme than by the AS scheme. The reason for this is that the spectral scheme better simulates convective heating by considering coexistence of different cloud types with parametrized vertically varying entrainment rates, especially from low to mid‐altitudes. The convective heating leads to a sharper vertical‐radial circulation in the TC structure, causing stronger incoming moisture flux toward the TC centre, and resulting in a stronger TC intensity. Consequently, the spectral scheme can simulate a comparable mean state, better variability, and better TC properties compared with the original scheme by simulating a more detailed convective structure. Therefore, it has a potential to increase the TC forecast skill for operational GSM.
Micromapping testicular sperm extraction: A new technique for microscopic testicular sperm extraction in nonobstructive azoospermia
Authors: Tai Toshihiro , Miyamoto Wakaba , Fukuoka Yuriko , Shibasaki Sena , Takahashi Mizuho , Okuyama Noriyuki , Hattori Hiromitsu , Ishikawa Ikue , Nagaura Satoko , Yoshinaga Koki , Koizumi Masae , Hashimoto Tomoko , Toya Mayumi , Kumagai Jin , Igarashi Hideki , Kyono Koichi
Published: March 2024

Purpose

In microscopic testicular sperm extraction (mTESE) for nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA), sperm can be recovered relatively easily in some cases, and mTESE may be retrospectively considered excessive. However, mTESE is routinely performed in the majority of NOA patients because of the difficulty in predicting tissue status. A minimally invasive and comprehensive sperm retrieval method that allows on‐the‐spot tissue assessment is needed. We have developed and evaluated a novel sperm retrieval technique for NOA called micromapping testicular sperm extraction (MMTSE).

Methods

MMTSE involves dividing the testis into four sections and making multiple small needle holes in the tunica albuginea to extract seminiferous tubules and retrieve sperm. The sperm‐positive group by MMTSE (Group I) underwent additional tissue collection (ATC) via a small incision, whereas the sperm‐negative group by MMTSE (Group 0) underwent mTESE.

Results

In total, 40 NOA participants underwent MMTSE. Group I included 15 patients and Group 0 included 25 patients. In Group 1, sperm were recovered from all patients by ATC. In Group 0, sperm were recovered in 4 of 25 cases using mTESE.

Conclusions

MMTSE shows promise as a simple method that comprehensively searches testicular tissue and retrieves sperm using an appropriate method while minimizing patient burden.
Self‐Limited Formation of Cobalt Nanoparticles for Spontaneous Hydrogen Production through Hydrazine Electrooxidation
Authors: Liu Qian , Tan Xin , Liao Xiaobin , Lv Jiabao , Li Xiaotong , Chen Zerui , Yang Yue , Wu Angjian , Zhao Yan , Wu Hao Bin
Published: March 2024

Hydrogen (H2) has emerged as a highly promising energy carrier owing to its remarkable energy density and carbon emission‐free properties. However, the widespread application of H2 fuel has been limited by the difficulty of storage. In this work, spontaneous electrochemical hydrogen production is demonstrated using hydrazine (N2H4) as a liquid hydrogen storage medium and enabled by a highly active Co catalyst for hydrazine electrooxidation reaction (HzOR). The HzOR electrocatalyst is developed by a self‐limited growth of Co nanoparticles from a Co‐based zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF), exhibiting abundant defective surface atoms as active sites for HzOR. Notably, these self‐limited Co nanoparticles exhibit remarkable HzOR activity with a negative working potential of −0.1 V (at 10 mA cm−2) in 0.1 m N2H4/1 m KOH electrolyte. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are employed to validate the superior performance of low‐coordinated Co active sites in facilitating HzOR. By taking advantage of the potential difference between HzOR and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), a novel HzOR||HER electrochemical system is developed to spontaneously produce H2 without external energy input. Overall, the work offers valuable guidance for developing active HzOR catalyst. The novel HzOR||HER electrochemical system represents a promising and innovative solution for energy‐efficient hydrogen production.
Modulating the d‐Band Center of RuO2 via Ni Incorporation for Efficient and Durable Li–O2 batteries
Authors: Sun Chaoyang , Cui Xinhang , Xiao Fenglong , Cui Deliang , Wang Qilong , Dang Feng , Yu Haohai , Lian Gang
Published: March 2024

Rechargeable Li–O2 batteries (LOBs) are considered as one of the most promising candidates for new‐generation energy storage devices. One of major impediments is the poor cycle stability derived from the sluggish reaction kinetics of unreliable cathode catalysts, hindering the commercial application of LOBs. Therefore, the rational design of efficient and durable catalysts is critical for LOBs. Optimizing surface electron structure via the negative shift of the d‐band center offers a reasonable descriptor for enhancing the electrocatalytic activity. In this study, the construction of Ni‐incorporating RuO2 porous nanospheres is proposed as the cathode catalyst to demonstrate the hypothesis. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the introduction of Ni atoms can effectively modulate the surface electron structure of RuO2 and the adsorption capacities of oxygen‐containing intermediates, accelerating charge transfer between them and optimizing the growth pathway of discharge products. Resultantly, the LOBs exhibit a large discharge specific capacity of 19658 mA h g−1 at 200 mA g−1 and extraordinary cycle life of 791 cycles. This study confers the concept of d‐band center modulation for efficient and durable cathode catalysts of LOBs.
pvFed: Personalized Vertical Federated learning for Client‐Specific Tasks
Authors: Nishikawa Akihito , Yanabe Tomu , Sakuma Yuiko , Okuda Yuma , Nishi Hiroaki
Published: March 2024

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning paradigm that enables multiple data holders to collaborate on building machine learning models while preserving the privacy of their data. FL can be categorized as horizontal or vertical, depending on the distribution characteristics of the data. Specifically, horizontal FL uses data partitioned in the sample space, whereas vertical FL uses data partitioned in the feature space. Traditional vertical FL methods aim to facilitate collaboration among clients to infer a single global target. However, these methods may be impractical because each client often has a unique target to be inferred. In this paper, we propose a novel vertical FL method, called personalized vertical federated learning (pvFed), which addresses this limitation by allowing each client to perform inferences specific to their individual task. To the best of our knowledge, no existing method currently addresses this limitation. The objective of pvFed is to construct a global model that generates a representation vector to support client inference. The global model, constructed using distillation and dimensionality reduction, takes a sample ID common to all clients as input and outputs a sample‐specific representation vector. Clients utilize the intermediate representation of their own model and the representation vectors output by the global model for inference. Because these vectors are not dependent on client‐specific tasks, clients can repurpose them for any additional tasks. Our experiments, conducted on two distinct data types—image and tabular data sets, under a vertical partitioning where each client had its own specific task, demonstrated the efficacy of vectors generated by the global model in pvFed for client inference. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Reporting outcome measures in veterinary physiotherapy with particular reference to the treatment of canine and equine joint cases in the UK
Authors: Brookes William , Payne Richard , Lea Richard
Published: March 2024

Background

Outcome measures are extensively used within human physiotherapy, but a widely accepted issue in veterinary physiotherapy is that outcome measures lack sufficient evaluation and standardisation in terms of how they are implemented. This cross‐sectional study aimed to provide clarity on (1) the current selection of outcome measures in canine and equine physiotherapy and (2) investigate external influences on outcome measure selection, including comparative literature availability, professional memberships and background.

Methods

A structured scoping literature review consolidated current understanding and limitations. This informed a survey of qualified veterinary physiotherapists (n = 40). The statistical analysis comprised descriptive statistics.

Results

Key observations included (1) a lack of difference in outcome measure application between veterinary physiotherapists with and without a human physiotherapy background, (2) enhanced outcome measure utilisation by registry body members and (3) an overall skew towards subjective, rather than objective, outcome measure use.

Limitations

The study was limited by the absence of a defined veterinary physiotherapist population and subsequent convenience sample size.

Conclusion

The apparent skew towards subjective outcome measures highlights objective outcome measure underutilisation and the need for a more extensive evidence base. In conclusion, there is a need to develop comprehensive professional development resources promoting the use of repeatable outcome measures such as goniometers and the Liverpool osteoarthritis scoring.
Exploring the sociocultural experiences of student veterinary nurses in the clinical learning environment through the lens of situated learning theory
Authors: Holt Susan L. , Mason Jenny , Farrell Mary , Corrigan Richard H. , Warman Sheena
Published: March 2024

Background

Student veterinary nurses (SVNs) complete significant time in clinical placements and this training can have a positive or negative impact on the development of professional skills and identity.

Methods

A cross‐sectional design, using semi‐structured interviews, explored 12 SVNs' experiences of clinical placements. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to explore each individual participant's experience, prior to the identification of themes across participants' experiences.

Results

Most students reported a sense of belonging within the practice team, which fostered engagement. Clinical supervisors were considered key role models and vital support for student progress. Students reported conflict between the demands of the practice and the requirements of their student status. Some poor interpersonal interactions led to reduced confidence.

Limitations

The results may not reflect experiences of the diversity of student demographics, such as those students with protected characteristics, as described in the Equality Act 2010, who may encounter specific workplace challenges.

Conclusion

To ensure parity and positive experiences, accredited educational institutes can plan regular engagement with student feedback and support of the training practice. Training practice teams can ensure they are meeting the student's needs and fostering a positive learning environment by adhering to the RCVS Framework for Veterinary Nurse Education and Training, which will, in turn, benefit the whole team. Clinical supervisors can play a convening role in increasing belonging and participation within the clinical learning environment.
Extraction and structural determination of pectin from pumkin Cucurbita moschata
Authors: Thuy Thanh Thi Thu , Bien Do Thi , Thu Quach Thi Minh , Xuan Do Thi Thanh , Van Nguyen Bui , Van Quang Ngo , Cuong Ho Duc
Published: March 2024

Pectin is a heterogeneous complex polysaccharide found in the primary cell wall of most cells. In this work, low‐methoxyl pectin was extracted from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata). The obtained pectin was characterized by GPC FTIR and NMR spectra. The obtain results showed that structural feature of the pectin is a main chain of poly‐α(1→4)‐D‐galacturonic acid and occasionally interrupted by α(1→2)‐linked α‐L‐rhamnopyranose residues and branches Galp is linked to GalpA at C‐2 position.
Physicochemical character of fresh and black garlic: 12‐day thermal aged process
Authors: Quan Nguyen Xuan Hong , Nga Vo Thi , Nhi Dinh Nu Kieu , Duong Ngo Thi Thuy , Vinh Huynh Ngoc , Phung Nguyen Kim Phi , Thu Nguyen Thi Hoai
Published: March 2024

Garlic has long been known possessing many benefits for health and used as a pivotal spice for daily meals in many countries. Recent studies showed that black garlic has many advantages such as no strong odor and still remaining bioactivities of fresh ones, even better. Commercial black garlic products in Vietnam have not showed the physicochemical analysis as well as the original source. This study concentrated on Allium sativum L. garlic bulds collected at Ninh Thuan province, an area of which garlic is one of main agricultural products. The essential oil of the fresh garlic was analyzed by GC‐MS. From the fresh garlic bulds, two compounds, uracil (1) and butyl 4‐hydroxybenzoate (2) were isolated and structurally determined. Fresh garlic bulds were then prepared to black garlic. The physicochemical analysis methods showed that the S‐allyl cysteine, reducing sugar, total polyphenol and total protein content of 12‐day black garlic were much higher than those of fresh one. For instance, the S‐allyl cysteine content in fresh garlic and black one were 53.2 and 663.6 μg/g, the reducing sugar were 9.73 and 36.51 g/100g, respectively.
Comprehensive separation and identification of chemical constituents from Abelmoschus manihot (L.) medic by polyamide chromatography coupled with high‐performance counter‐current chromatography and preparative liquid chromatography
Authors: Fan Chen , Li Nai , Cao Xueli
Published: March 2024

Three methods (polyamide chromatography coupled with high‐performance counter‐current chromatography (HPCCC) and preparative liquid chromatography) were used to detection and separation of flavonoids from Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic. For HPLC analysis, there are main six substances in Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic. After polyamide chromatography, the main flavonoids existed in fractions eluted between 50 and 90 % aqueous ethanol. Among these, four fractions of interest from column were separated by HPCCC with the different solvent system. And other two fractions were separated by preparative liquid chromatography. Six high‐purity flavonoids were obtained eventually and identified by MS, 1H and 13C NMR: rutin (1), hyperoside (2), isoquercitrin (3), avicularin (4), quercetin (5), amentoflavone (6). In addition, the substances 4 and 6 for the first time were isolated from Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic by HPCCC.
Chemical constituents of Peltophorum pterocarpum stems
Authors: Cham Ba Thi , Linh Nguyen Thi Thuy , Anh Nguyen Thi Hoang , Quan Tran Duc , Tam Nguyen Thanh , Thien Dao Duc , Nhung Le Thi Hong , Van Sung Tran , Son Ninh The , Delfino Domenico V. , Hoang Vu Dinh , Thuy Trinh Thi
Published: March 2024

A phytochemical study of the ethyl acetate extract (EtOAc) of Peltophorum pterocarpum stems, collecting from Ha Noi city, Vietnam, has resulted in the isolation and determination of six compounds, including bergenin (1), cinchonain Ia (2), lupeol (3), betulinic acid (4), gallic acid (5), and pyrogallic acid (6). The chemical structures of these compounds were characterized by NMR‐spectra, and MS data. Compounds 2 and 6 were found in the genus Peltophorum for the first time.
Assay of Retinol and α‐tocopherol involving Ce(IV)‐Ce(III) Redox Couple Spectrophotometrically
Authors: Kumar Ashwani , Kamboj Mamta
Published: March 2024

The present procedure aims to develop an affordable, prompt, and consistent spectrophotometric approach for the assay of Retinol and α‐tocopherol in pharmaceutical formulations and distinct edibles. The present procedure based upon the reduction of Ce(IV) into Ce(III) by the working vitamins retinol and α‐tocopherol, the reduced Ce(III) formed a blue colored complex with reagent arsenazo(III) in between the range of pH 3.0‐3.3. The optimization of analytical variables was done carefully. The maximum absorption obtained at 648 nm with molar absorptivity 1.5×104 L mol‐1cm‐1 and 0.75×104 L mol‐1 cm‐1 for Retinol and α‐tocopherol respectively. Beer's law is obeyed within the range of concentrations 0.5‐6.0 μg mL‐1 for Retinol and 0.4‐25.0 μg mL‐1 for α‐tocopherol. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.3 μg mL‐1 for Retinol and 0.1 μg mL‐1 for α‐tocopherol and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.9 μg mL‐1for Retinol and 0.3 μg mL‐1 for α‐tocopherol. The decision limit (CCα) was 0.8 μg kg‐1 and 5.2 μg kg‐1 and the detection capability (CCβ) values were 1.4 μg kg‐1 and 9.0 μg kg‐1 for Retinol and α‐tocopherol respectively. Distinct Edibles were quantified using the proposed method, and the results obtained are in good agreement with the existing methods.
Essential oils of Tunisian Pinus radiata D. Don, chemical composition and study of their herbicidal activity
Authors: Ismail Amri , Habiba Kouki , Yassine Mabrouk , Mohsen Hanana , Bassem Jamoussi , Lamia Hamrouni
Published: March 2024

Little is known about the phytotoxic effects of essential oils from Pine species, GC and GC/MS analysis of Pinus radiata D. Don essential oil obtained from needles, resulted in the identification of 49 components comprising 97.6 % of the oil totality. The composition was l dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons (86.4 %) with β‐pinene (40.2 %), limonene (25.5 %) and α‐pinene (15.2 %) were the major compounds. On the herbicidal activity, the oil strongly inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of all tested weeds in a dose dependent manner with the effect being significantly more effective on dicots (Sinapis arvensis L. and Trifolium campestre Schreb) than monocots (Phalaris canariensis L.).