bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children: 2009–2018
Authors: Sahota Amandeep K. , Shapiro Warren L. , Newton Kimberly P. , Kim Steven T. , Chung Joanie , Schwimmer Jeffrey B.
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

In 2007, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended that children with obesity should be screened for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Population epidemiology reveals that NAFLD is common in children; however, little is known about rates of clinical diagnosis. In this study, we aim to determine screening practices, annual incidence, and clinical characteristics of NAFLD in children within an integrated community health system.

METHODS:

Using electronic health records, we identified patients newly diagnosed (aged 5–18) with NAFLD on the basis of diagnostic codes from the 9th and 10th revisions of the International Classification of Diseases. We calculated screening rates and annual incidence rates of NAFLD from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2018.

RESULTS:

In this study, we evaluated 7 884 844 patient-years. Screening was performed in 54.0% of children with obesity and 24.0% of children with overweight. The results revealed 36 658 children aged 9 to 18 with overweight or obesity and alanine aminotransferase >30 U/L. Of these children, 12.3% received further workup for NAFLD. The incidence of an NAFLD diagnosis significantly increased over time, with 36.0 per 100 000 in 2009 and 58.2 per 100 000 in 2018 (P < .0001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Our study of a large integrated health care system in southern California revealed that the incidence of NAFLD in children is increasing, although many children may remain undiagnosed.
Influence of melatonin on the kidneys of rats with experimental diabetes mellitus type 2
Authors: Semenko A. V. , Murdasov Y. V. , Kirichenko S. V. , Zhyliuk V. I. , Ushakovа G. A.
Published: November 2020

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by numerous pathological changes in the body. Under conditions of diabetes, hyperglycemic intoxication of the organism rapidly develops, which in turn leads to an increase of oxidative stress with subsequent disturbance of the anatomical and functional integrity of the components of organisms. Today, the search for the substances that would contribute to the multi-vectoral effect on the negative consequences of diabetes is actively being pursued. Melatonin is one of such substances. In this work, we studied the effect of melatonin on oxidative stress markers (oxidized products content, activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase), the concentration of metabolism end products (creatinine and urea), main ions concentration (potassium and chlorine), and protein content (total protein and electropherogram in polyacrylamide gel), enzymatic activity of gamma-glutamyltrasferase in the cytosolic fraction of rat kidneys under condition of type 2 diabetes mellitus (EDM2). Experimental studies were performed on 18 white adult Wistar rats divided into three groups (control, group with EDM2 and group with EDM2, which were treated with melatonin). The increase of concentration of oxidized products, the activity of catalase and gamma-glutamyltrasferase, creatinine, urea, K+ and Cl– and the decrease of concentration of superoxide dismutase in the rats’ kidneys was noted after development of EDM2. The electrophoretic proteinogram of the cytosolic proteins obtained from the rats’ kidneys showed an increase of content of high-molecular-weight and a decrease of low-molecular-weight proteins. Administration of melatonin in a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight for 7 days after development of EDM2 restored the studied parameters almost to the control group values. Therefore, the influence of melatonin can prevent chronic development of oxidative stress in kidneys under hyperglycemic intoxication, and lead to normalization of kidney function and the restoration of homeostasis.
DNA-type results of Landrace sows for RYR1-gene and its association with productivity
Authors: Tsereniuk O. M. , Bobrytska O. M. , Miroshnikova O. S. , Danchuk O. V.
Published: November 2020

Recently the assessment of QTL genes has been a relevant focus of research. Among other genes, the RYR1 is one of the most important. Research on this gene for Landrace sows of Ukrainian selection has been insufficient. This fact confirms the need for our work. A total of 63 Landrace sows from different families were evaluated by reproductive qualities for two generations. A comprehensive assessment of the sows’ reproductive ability was performed using the SIRQS-index. Determination of polymorphism in the RYR1 gene in pigs was performed by using DNA-typing of animals. Genetic potential was calculated between two generations “mother-daughter”. By assessment of polymorphism of the RYR1 gene, it was found that 6.3% of the Landrace sows were the carriers for the mutant allele of the RYR1 gene. No animals with the RYR1nn genotype were detected. Accordingly, animals with the RYR1NN genotype accounted for 93.6%. The frequency of the N allele of the RYR1 gene was 0.97, the n frequency of the RYR1 gene allele was 0.03. Sows with RYR1NN genotype had a higher level of reproductive ability compared to the RYR1Nn genotype. RYR1NN genotype also had a higher level of genetic potential. The greatest progress was established between generations of Landrace sows which were carriers for the mutant allele. The highest values of this progress were by the NBA, the lowest – by the NW. On the contrary, there was regression between populations for part of the population (Landrace sows of Ukrainian selection of RYR1Nn genotype) by the all estimated indicators of reproductive ability. Sows that were free of the mutant allele of the RYR-1 gene had high SIRQS index. The phenotypic consolidation coefficients by the NBA were lower for sows free of the mutant allele than for its carrier. The advantage of sows free of the mutant allele of the RYR-1 gene over its carrier sows was established in almost all assessed indicators of reproductive ability. No significant differences in the level of consolidation of reproductive ability between sows with different allelic variants of the RYR-1 gene were established. The higher productive level of sows with RYR1NN genotype is reflected in the indicators of economic efficiency of production. It allows higher levels of profitability to be obtained and net profit to be increased by 1093 UAH compared to sows with RYR1Nn genotype. The further monitoring of the studied gene and the gradual elimination of carriers of the mutant allele is a promising direction in breeding work.
Genetic analysis of morphological traits of the spike and reproductivity elements of speltoid chemomutant Triticum aestivum
Authors: Yakymchuk R. А. , Sobolenko L. Y. , Sorokina S. І.
Published: November 2020

Long use of the methods of direct intraspecies hybridization in the selective breeding of varieties of Triticum aestivum L. has led to narrowing of their gene fund and close similarity of the genetic potential of their selective breeding traits. Using the method of experimental mutagenesis, one can induce systemic mutants with features of other hexaploid Triticum species which can freely cross-breed with other hybridization offspring, contributing to extension of genetic potential of cultivated wheat and creation of varieties with new levels of manifestation of economically beneficial traits. We studied the pattern of inheritance of morphological traits of the ear, length of the stem and the elements of productivity of speltoid chemomutant of T. aestivum. For the genetic analysis we used hybrids F1 and F2 of soft wheat obtained by cross-breeding speltoid macromutant (Smuhlianka speltoid), induced by the impact of aqueous solution of N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU) in the concentration of 0.025% on the seeds of Smuhlianka variety, with plants of Smuhlianka variety (Erythrospermum variety) and Podoloanka (Lutescens variety). To determine the pattern of inheritance the spike morphology, length of the stem and the elements of productivity in F1 hybrids, we calculated the extent of phenotype domination. In populations of F2, we examined plants with different combinations of phenotype manifestation of ear morphology. In F1 hybrids, the speltoid shape of the ear, absence of awns and red colour of the glumes indicated the dominant pattern of inheritance. The high level of phenotype domination of length of the stem and ear, number of spikelets in the main ear indicates the inheritance of the features according to intermediate, partly dominant and over-dominant types. Taking into account the segregation according to the features of spike morphology, awnedness and colour of glumes, the plants of F2 population were divided into phenotype classes, that is 12 and 6 in the combinations of respectively Smuhlianka speltoid × Smuhlianka and Smuhlianka speltoid × Podolianka. We determined that the obtained results are the consequences of dihybrid linkage which corresponds to the theoretical proportion of 12 : 3 : 1. Segregation into non-aristate and aristate plants corresponds to the proportion of monogene segregation of 3 : 1. Within separately distinguished phenotype classes, no independent inheritance of the shape of the ear and awnedness was observed. Dihybrid segregation of F2 plants into speltoid, squarehead and varieties Lutescence/Erythrospermum with quantitative superiority of speltoid plants suggests the control of the trait by two non-allele genes with epistatic interaction. The red colour of the glumes indicates the dominant monogenic pattern of inheritance. Absence of independent inheritance of the shape of the ear and awnedness indicates localization of genes which determine these features in one chromosome.
Ajuste personal y conductas disruptivas en alumnado de primaria
Authors: Martínez-Vicente Marta , Valiente-Barroso Carlos
Published: November 2020

Objetivo. Estudiar las relaciones entre variables de ajuste personal y las conductas disruptivas en un grupo de 136 alumnos y alumnas de primaria de entre 9 y 12 años. Método. Estudio de campo observacional,de metodología no experimental y transversal. Se utilizaron varios cuestionarios para medir la autoestima, la personalidad, el estrés y las competencias emocionales de los y las estudiantes, así como un cuestionario ad hoc elaborado para el registro de las conductas disruptivas. Resultados. Los resultados indican relaciones significativas positivas entre conductas disruptivas y estrés escolar, así como negativas con autoestima, estabilidad, competencia y comprensión emocional. Las diferencias son significativas según el género, manifestándose las conductas inadecuadas en menor medida en el caso de las niñas.
1864 Yılında Hokand’dan İstanbul’a Gönderilen Diplomatik Misyon
Authors: MAHMUDOV Sherzodhon
Published: November 2020

19. yüzyılda yazılan birçok tarihi eser, resmi yazışmalar, vesikalar ve arşiv belgeleri, Hokand Hanlığının diplomatik ilişkilerinde elçilik görevine vazifelendirilen şahısların daha çok dini âlimler arasından seçildiğini göstermektedir. 1864 yılında Osmanlı İmparatorluğuna Hokand Hanlığından gönderilen diplomatik misyon başkanı olarak da din âlimi Seyyid Yakub Han Töre görevlendirilmiştir. Söz konusu diplomatik misyonun faaliyetine Rusya İmparatorluğu tarafından özellikle ilgi gösterildiği ve takip edildiği Rusya arşivlerinde kaydedilmiştir. Seyyid Yakub Han Töre başkanlığındaki elçilik, Hokand Hanlığına bağlı bölgelerden olan Deşt-i Kıpçak’ın güney kısmı ve Taşkent’in Rusya İmparatorluğu tarafından işgal edilmesinin öncesinde Osmanlı devletine gönderilmiştir.
Elçilik faaliyetini başarılı bir şekilde yerine getiren Seyyid Yakub Han Töre, yaşadığı dönemde de sonraki dönem tarihçileri tarafından da Türkistan topraklarında yetişen en güçlü diplomatlardan biri olarak tarif edilmiştir.
Osmanlı Arşivinde muhafaza edilen belgeler arasında Seyyid Yakub Han Töre aracılığıyla gönderilen iki mektup, 19. yüzyıl Hokand Hanlığındaki sosyal ve siyasi yaşamın incelenmesinde çok önemli kaynak olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bunun dışında söz konusu bu iki yazı Türkistan için Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun mevki ve makamını aydınlatılmasında da önemli belge sıfatını taşımaktadır.
Percepções de Graduandos de Psicologia Acerca do Trabalho do Psicólogo Escolar e Educacional
Authors: Santos Elisa Alves dos , Silva Nialda Sabrina da , Gomes Aline Rodrigues , Aquino Fabíola de Sousa Braz
Published: November 2020

Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa é apreender as percepções e expectativas de estudantes de graduação em psicologia acerca da psicologia escolar e das possibilidades de intervenção de psicólogos na educação. Participaram da pesquisa 48 graduandos de psicologia de instituições de ensino superior públicas e privadas. Foram aplicados um questionário sociodemográfico e uma entrevista semiestruturada que foi registrada por meio de um gravador de voz e posteriormente analisada conforme as diretrizes apresentadas no método de Bardin. Os resultados mostraram que houve diferenças nos argumentos utilizados entre os estudantes de psicologia que haviam cursado disciplinas do campo da psicologia escolar e Educacional e aqueles que ainda não haviam cursado tais disciplinas, o que indica que uma formação que contemple disciplinas desse campo pode favorecer uma maior apropriação teórica e metodológica acerca das especificidades dessa área e das possibilidades de atuação do psicólogo na educação, em especial, seu compromisso com processos de aprendizado e desenvolvimento humano.
Autonomia e Exercício de Direitos na Experiência da Gestão Autônoma da Medicação
Authors: Palombini Analice , Pasini Vera , Zanchet Lívia , Bongiovanni Julia , Zambillo Marciana , Guerra Sandra Zanatta , Oliveira Neto Antonio B. , Ehlers Letícia Presser
Published: November 2020

Resumo O artigo investigou os efeitos de uso da versão brasileira do Guia da Gestão Autônoma da Medicação (GAM-BR) em grupos de intervenção em serviços públicos saúde mental. Objetiva-se analisar narrativas de usuários, psiquiatras e demais profissionais a partir da relação de cada um deles com a prescrição medicamentosa, mote do trabalho com o Guia. Participaram da pesquisa três CAPS do sul do país, integrantes da pesquisa multicêntrica GAM-BR. O áudio das falas produzidas nos grupos focais e nas entrevistas foi gravado, transcrito e transformado em narrativas por meio da extração dos núcleos argumentais. Os resultados apontam para a ampliação da concepção de autonomia e maior reconhecimento dos direitos dos usuários. Sugere, porém, dificuldades no exercício desses direitos, especialmente com relação ao tratamento medicamentoso, visto como condição para manutenção do vínculo com os serviços. Ressalta a importância de maior reflexão, tendo em vista a manutenção da lógica da escolha, privatizante e individualista, em detrimento da lógica do cuidado que valoriza o trabalho em rede e a corresponsabilização.
Perspectivas dos Profissionais da Saúde sobre o Cuidado a Pacientes em Processo de Finitude
Authors: Monteiro Daniela Trevisan , Mendes Jussara Maria Rosa , Beck Carmem Lúcia Colomé
Published: November 2020

Resumo Este estudo consiste em compreender quais são as percepções, os sentimentos e as dificuldades atribuídos pelos profissionais da saúde ao cuidado no processo de morte de pacientes. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo descritivo e exploratório, de cunho qualitativo. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética, sob o número 1.463.168, e foram seguidas as diretrizes da Resolução 510/2016. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas e observações. Foram entrevistados médicos e enfermeiros que atuam na unidade de clínica médica em um hospital de ensino do Rio Grande do Sul, sendo realizadas dezessete entrevistas, correspondendo à totalidade destes profissionais na unidade. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à triangulação, a partir da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados mostraram que o cuidado no processo de morte de pacientes gera sentimentos como frustração, impotência, tristeza e compaixão. É comum, nesse sentido, a utilização de estratégias defensivas - como racionalização e distanciamento - por parte dos médicos responsáveis. Além disso, percebeu-se que o tempo de tratamento permite cuidados diferenciados e maior humanização no processo. Concluiu-se ser necessário levar em consideração as dificuldades individuais e coletivas, os sentimentos, as situações pessoais e interpessoais, bem como a satisfação/insatisfação dos profissionais.
Gamificação, ensino de línguas estrangeiras e formação de professores
Authors: Quast Karin
Published: November 2020

RESUMO Neste artigo buscamos refletir sobre a Gamificação enquanto recurso mediacional ou estratégia pedagógica no ensino de línguas estrangeiras e na formação de professores de línguas, discorrendo sobre o conceito, apresentando alguns elementos de jogos e trazendo alguns dos princípios de aprendizagem inerentes a bons jogos (GEE, 2003), articulando teorias do campo da linguagem, da Psicologia e Design de jogos. Ilustramos a discussão com um sistema gamificado elaborado para uma disciplina de pós-graduação na área de Linguística Aplicada e verificamos se e como os professores participantes da disciplina se apropriaram do conceito e o utilizaram em suas aulas, via suas produções acadêmicas envolvendo o tema. Problematizamos a utilização de um modelo raso de gamificação, baseado em uma visão meramente comportamentalista, skinneriana, defendendo que é necessário que os professores tenham um certo grau de letramento em jogos, tanto para trabalhar com jogos como para gamificar.
“It is over there, next to that fat lady”: a qualitative study of fat women’s own body perceptions and weight-related discriminations
Authors: Ulian Mariana Dimitrov , Sato Priscila de Morais , Pinto Ana Jéssica , Benatti Fabiana B. , Campos-Ferraz Patricia Lopes de , Coelho Desire , Roble Odilon J. , Sabatini Fernanda , Perez Isabel , Aburad Luiz , Vessoni André , Unsain Ramiro Fernandez , Gualano Bruno , Scagliusi Fernanda B.
Published: November 2020

Abstract We investigated fat women’s perceptions of their own bodies and their experiences with weight-related discriminations, and how these situations affected their well-being. Thirty-nine obese women were interviewed, and three axes of analysis were identified: (1) repercussions of being fat, (2) living with a fat body, and (3) am I a person or just a fat body? These axes were composed of eight themes which had similar meaning or complemented each other. The results showed our participants had mechanisms to diminish the magnitude of their stigmatized bodies (e.g., attempting to lose weight and changing their current food choices). Participants also reported being fat had physical and psychological consequences for them. Most notably, their larger bodies influenced their self-evaluation, making them feel devalued, unlovable, incapable, and incomplete. They reported stigmatizing experiences in familiar situations, at the workplace and in public spaces, and reported being stigmatized by both close and unknown individuals, including healthcare professionals. These professionals were reported to treat patients disrespectfully, which urges attention to health care inequalities for obese people. Our results stress stigmatizing attitudes towards fat people and their own considerations about themselves have negative consequences in their physical and mental well-being.
Municipal expenditures using own-source revenues and resilience of territorial inequalities in health
Authors: Machado José Angelo , Quaresma Guilherme , Araújo Carmem E. Leitão
Published: November 2020

Abstract The objective of this study is to assess the importance of municipal expenses executed with own-source revenues for the maintenance of the territorial inequalities between resources allocated by Brazilian municipalities in the health sector, in spite of the redistributive effects attributed to the vertical transfers of the Brazilian National Health System. The formation of municipal own-source revenues is strongly impacted by regional economic inequalities, corresponding to almost 60% of the resources allocated by municipalities to health in recent years. Based on the Tree Edge Removal method, the total expenditures and those executed with own-source revenues by the municipalities were spatially distributed, thereby enabling identification of clusters from 2005 to 2015 in both cases. Central and dispersion measures were calculated for the two types of expenditure in this interval for the clusters. In the end, we found municipal expenditures with own-source revenues show levels of inequality which are significantly higher than those of the total municipal health expenditure, and even more significant is that these inequalities increase in time with higher intensity in the case of the former. Since municipalities are the main implementers of public health policy, results suggest higher levels of territorial equity will necessarily require adjustments in fiscal federalism in this sector.
Análise da gestão dos Programas de Pós-Graduação baseada no resultado da avaliação CAPES por meio da matriz importância-desempenho
Authors: Rolim Paulo Yvens Farias , Ramos Anatália Saraiva Martins
Published: November 2020

A avaliação, controle e gestão da pós-graduação no Brasil é promovida pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) e os programas que não possuem um plano estratégico formal desenvolvem suas ações baseadas no objetivo de cumprir com os requisitos do sistema de avaliação. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é analisar o desempenho de 40 dos programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu na modalidade acadêmica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) por meio da utilização da Análise Importância-Desempenho (AID) conforme proposta por Martilla e James (1977) e Sever (2014). O estudo tem caráter descritivo, desenvolvido por meio de revisão bibliográfica e pesquisa documental. Foram analisados um total de 1.124 itens das avaliações trienais 2010 e 2013 da CAPES, coletados de 80 fichas de avaliações de programas de pós-graduação, dos quais foram levantados o peso (importância) e a avaliação (desempenho) atribuída aos mesmos. O resultado da pesquisa é o diagnóstico geral da performance dos programas, identificando os itens cruciais relacionados com as forças e oportunidades de melhoria observados no resultado da avaliação dos programas de pós-graduação da UFRN.
Sucesso educativo de egressos da graduação: uma possibilidade de medida e explicação
Authors: Santana Luciana Alaíde Alves , Meireles Everson , Sá Virgínio
Published: November 2020

Este estudo teve como foco caracterizar o sucesso educativo (SE) de egressos de cursos de graduação a partir de índices normativos (coeficiente geral de rendimento acadêmico [CRA], reprovações/aprovações na trajetória do estudante e o tempo de conclusão do curso). Buscou-se avaliar a relação entre os índices de sucesso educativo normativo e a dimensões estrutural de explicação deste fenômeno, visando uma explanação explicativa para o mesmo. A estratégia metodológica utilizada foi estudos do tipo survey realizado junto aos egressos de cursos de graduação de uma universidade pública federal localizada no interior do Estado da Bahia. A aplicação de questionário ocorreu junto aos egressos do semestre 2014.2, por meio eletrônico, resultando numa amostra não probabilística acidental contendo 174 casos válidos. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados a partir do software IBM SPSS 23 por meio de estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais. Registrou-se um elevado percentual de registro de reprovações na trajetória acadêmica nos primeiros dois anos dos cursos. No grupo estudado, as possibilidades de ter sucesso educativo (i.e. maiores CRA e ausência de reprovações) relacionam-se com as seguintes variáveis estruturais: maiores notas gerais no ENEM, menor idade do egresso e não ter trabalhado durante a graduação.
Avaliação da educação superior no Brasil: análise do Índice Geral dos Cursos (IGC) numa perspectiva quali/quantitativa
Authors: Lima Marcos Antonio Martins , Maia José Leudo , Ciasca Maria Isabel Filgueiras Lima , Souza Jacqueline Ramos Macedo Antunes de
Published: November 2020

O texto aborda o Sistema Nacional de Avaliação do Ensino Superior - SINAES, instituído pela Lei 10. 861, de 2004, orientado por meio de indicadores de qualidade sendo, o Índice Geral dos Cursos - IGC, resultante do CPC - Conceito Preliminar de Curso, referente a graduação, e pelo Conceito Capes, indicador da qualidade dos cursos de pós-graduação stricto sensu. Pretendeu-se analisar, de forma quantitativa e qualitativa se o IGC ao considerar as realidades distintas dessas duas estruturas, graduação e pós-graduação, de formação acadêmica em um só indicador, não desvirtua mais ainda essa medida, quando pretende representar o quanto de qualidade possui uma IES? Responder essa questão se constitui o propósito desse artigo, ou seja, investigar a representatividade do IGC como efetivo conceito da qualidade das IES, analisando-se, em separado, como se comportam as medidas da graduação e da pós-graduação expressas no modelo matemático desse indicador. Como ponto de corte, decidiu-se trabalhar somente com os cursos ofertados pelas universidades federais. Portanto, nesse estudo, ao chamarmos atenção para a composição do cálculo do IGC, incorporando dados de mestrado e doutorado para indicar a qualidade dos cursos de graduação das universidades queremos lançar um olhar crítico sobre se tal composição espelha, de fato, a qualidade dos cursos de graduação.
Ética e corpo: a relação silenciada
Authors: Hermann Nadja
Published: November 2020

Resumo O texto, de caráter ensaístico, investiga as razões da negação ou do silêncio do corpo na ética, tendo como contextualização do problema a tradição platônica, cartesiana e cristã e sua interpretação do ser humano como um duplo corpo-alma, que prioriza a consciência de si e reafirma a fundamentação racional da ética. A partir do século XIX, sob o influxo das tendências filosóficas de aspiração à vida, tem início a revisão do entendimento do corpo. Na sequência, apresenta-se a tese de Shusterman de que a rejeição do corpo na ética se deve à força de sua ambiguidade fundamental e se analisam diferentes expressões dessa ambiguidade inscritas no modo como o corpo as experiencia. Uma visão unificada de corpo e mente, como propõem Espinosa e Damásio, reconhece que consciência e emoção não são separadas e que uma consideração do corpo é decisiva para o cuidado de si e para a atenção aos outros. Por fim, argumenta-se que a estética pode operar em favor do corpóreo na ética, em especial para a ética na educação, pelo trabalho das emoções e sentimentos, pois decisões éticas evocam de maneira consistente experiências intelectuais, mas também emocionais, cuja base é corpórea. A literatura, pela experiência estética que provoca, apresenta condições especiais para narrar a complexidade envolvida na vida ética e trabalhar emoções e sentimentos, como se observa na obra A morte de Virgílio , de Hermann Broch.
Forest fragmentation influences the diet of cichlids Apistogramma agassizii (Steindachner, 1875) and Aequidens tetramerus (Heckel, 1840) (Actinopterygii: Cichliformes) in streams of the Western Amazon
Authors: Virgilio Lucena Rocha , Brito Cleyton Holanda de , Suçuarana Monik da Silveira , Vieira Lisandro Juno Soares
Published: November 2020

Abstract: Aims To evaluate the effects of replacing riparian vegetation with pasture in the diet of Apistogramma agassizii and Aequidens tetramerus. Methods The study was carried out in the municipality of Senador Guiomar, Acre. We sampled three streams divided into three stretches each (100 m), bordered by forest, pasture, and both forest and pasture (edge). Quarterly collections using fishnets were performed between January and October 2008. Results The species A. agassizii had a diet based on the consumption of adult insects in stretches of forest, different from the pasture environment, in which the consumption of insect larvae was higher. In the diet of A. tetramerus, the most important item was insect larvae in all environments, mainly in the pasture. We found low amplitude of trophic niche for A. agassizii in the forest environment, due to the consumption of adult insects, and for A. tetramerus in the pasture, due to the consumption of insect larvae. In the pasture areas, we found no difference between the items consumed by the species, which showed a high trophic niche overlap, influenced by the consumption of Diptera larvae. Conclusion Thus, we show that allochthonous items, such as adult insects, are food resources indicative of riparian vegetation conservation and are important for both species, mainly A. agassizii. However, this item has been replaced by autochthonous items, such as Diptera larvae, in the A. agassizii diet and become predominant in the A. tetramerus diet as the riparian vegetation deteriorates.
Energy Efficient TABU Optimization Routing Protocol for WSN
Authors: Shani Varsha , Bala Manju , Kumar Manoj , Kumar Neeraj
Published: November 2020

Introduction: This article is the result of the research “Energy efficient routing protocols in wireless sensor network: Examine the impact of M-SEEC routing protocols on the lifetime of WSN with an energy efficient TABU optimization routing protocol”developed in the IKG, Punjab Technical University, India in 2019.Problem: The task of finding and maintaining routes in WSNs is non-trivialsince energy restrictions and sudden changes in node status cause frequent and unpredictable changes.Objective: The objective of this paper is to propose an energy efficient heterogeneous protocolwith the help of a hybrid meta-heuristic technique.Methodology: In the hybrid meta-heuristic technique, the shortest route has been selected and the data forwarded to the sink in a minimal time span,savingenergy and making the network more stable. To evaluate the technique, a new hybrid technique has been created where the data transmission is implemented from the beginning under MATLAB 2013a.Results: The proposed technique is better than the existing ones since the remaining energy in the network is increased by 62% compared to normal nodes in MSEEC, 65% compared to advanced nodes in MSEEC and 70% compared to super nodes in MSEEC. The network lifetime was also enhanced by 70.8% compared to MSEEC.Conclusion: The proposed protocol was found to be superior based on the average residual energy.This paper proposes an efficient routing mechanism towards the energy efficient network.Originality: Through this research, a novel version of MSEEC protocol is carried out using the TABU search mechanism to generate the functions of two neighbourhoods to detect the optimum path with the aim of maximizing the network lifetime in an area of 200×200m2.Limitations: The lack of other routing techniques falls under swarm intelligence.
Approach to the concept of employability and its indicators
Authors: Bohórquez Arévalo Luz Esperanza , Sierra Contreras Alix Xiomara
Published: November 2020

Introduction: This review article is the product of the research project Observatory for Labor Insertion and Strengthening of Employability in Countries of the Alliance of the Pacific (Emple-AP), developed at the Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas in 2019. The aim of the project is to contribute to improving employability rates and the creation of a regional observatory.

Problem: Employability is a complex social construct [1] [2], which varies depending on factors such as the actors involved and the focus emphasis.

Objective: Build the concept of employability for the  Emple-AP project, and, according to this, derive the indicators following the guidelines established for the creation of the employability observatory.

Methodology: The construction of the concept is supported in the ontology design and validation of the results is performed by a panel of experts.

Results: The results of the literature review regarding the concepts and employability rates are presented, followed by the design of the ontology and the employability construct that branches from it. Finally, employability indicators are designed and verified by the expert panel.

Conclusion: Employability is defined according to the context in which it is immersed.

Originality: Construct development under ontology design facilitates semantic heterogeneity problems, because it provides a conceptually shared language to represent information.

Limitations: The construct is so complex and wide that it is necessary to perform several iterations under specialized methodologies until it is perfected.
Following Fatigue, Feeling Fatigue: A Reflexive Ethnography of Emotion
Authors: Wajsberg Mirjam
Published: November 2020

This article takes the emotion of fatigue both as its analytical object as well as a methodological tool to engage in a reflexive ethnography, to question the categorical borders of researcher, researched and the field, in the politicised context of migration studies. I do so by drawing on ethnographic material collected during my fieldwork between Athens, Hamburg and Copenhagen in 2019–2020. This article’s theoretical and conceptual framing is informed by feminist scholarship on emotions, as well as decolonial scholarship in migration studies. By bringing these theoretical threads into the conversation, I study the different qualities of fatigue, amongst others the collective; how fatigue circulates in and through the ethnographic field; and how it shapes relations between refugees, humanitarian aid workers, activists and researchers such as me. Following fatigue across and through its many different instances in this reflexive ethnography of emotions lays bare the uneven emotional geographies that exist and are (re-)produced in the encounters between actors in Europe’s migration control field.
The efficacy of lenvatinib plus everolimus in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma exhibiting primary resistance to front-line targeted therapy or immunotherapy
Authors: Hamieh L. , Beck R. L. , Le V. H. , Hsieh J. J.
Published: November 2020

Введение. Пациенты с первично резистентным метастатическим почечно-клеточным раком (мПКР) обычно имеют плохой прогноз заболевания с плохим ответом на последующее лечение. Несмотря на то что в настоящее время существует несколько одобренных схем 2-й линии терапии мПКР, вопрос выбора наиболее эффективной среди них остается открытым.Материалы и методы. Мы идентифицировали 7 пациентов со светлоклеточным вариантом мПКР и первичной резистентностью к ингибиторам тирозинкиназы (ИТК) рецепторов сосудистого эндотелиального фактора роста (vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF) или к комбинированной терапии ингибиторами иммунных контрольных точек (ИИКТ). Пациенты получали ленватиниб (многоцелевой ИТК) в комбинации с эверолимусом (ингибитор мишени рапамицина млекопитающих). Всем участникам исследования ранее было выполнено лечение: 2 пациента получали ИТК, 3 пациента — ИИКТ, 2 пациента — ИТК и ИИКТ. Мы проанализировали клинические характеристики пациентов, их молекулярно-генетические профили, продолжительность лечения, его результаты, а также нежелательные явления.Результаты. Медиана времени до прогрессирования на фоне предшествующей терапии составила 1,5 мес. Пациенты получали комбинацию ленватиниб + эверолимус в рамках терапии 2-й (n = 4) или 3-й (n = 3) линии. У 3 пациентов достигнут частичный ответ, у 3 больных зафиксирована стабилизация заболевания. Длительность наблюдения составила ≥ 17 мес. Выживаемость без прогрессирования — 3—15мес, общая выживаемость — 4—17 мес.Заключение. Представленные в настоящей статье 7 случаев демонстрируют реальные результаты применения комбинации ленватиниб + эверолимус у пациентов со светлоклеточным мПКР и первичной резистентностью к ИТК VEGF или к комбинированной терапии ИИКТ.
Effect of cupping therapy on the level of pain and neuromuscular variables in women with low back pain
Authors: Spinoso Deborah Hebling , Pereira Leticia Carvalho
Published: November 2020

Background: Cupping therapy is a common technique in the field of traditional Chinese medicine, which through sucking on the skinmainly results in pain relief. Objectives: To analyze the effect of cupping therapy on pain intensity, muscle co-contraction and trunkextensor muscle strength in women with low back pain. Methods: 26 women participated, divided into: LBPgroup (n = 13), and controlgroup (n = 13). The level of pain, isometric strength of trunk extensor muscles and co-contraction of superficial and deep trunk muscleswere evaluated. The cupping therapy treatment consisted of 10 sessions, and after the volunteers were reevaluated. Anova RepeatedMeasures were used. Results: There was a 40.1% reduction in pain level, a 13.6% increase in trunk extensor strength, and a decreasein contraction between rectus abdominis and iliocostalis for GDL after treatment. Conclusion: 10 sessions of cupping therapy assistin reducing pain and improving trunk strength in young people with lower back pain.
Twelve Pilates sessions improve muscle function but not cardiac autonomic modulation of sedentary patients with low-back pain.
Authors: Sakabe Daniel Iwai , Sakabe Fabiana Forti , Souza Ariane Cristina Dias , Guerreiro Alline Pereira
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for various pathological conditions in different organic systems, increasing the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders such as low-back pain, as well as the risk for cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 12 Pilates sessions on muscle parameters, functional capacity and cardiac autonomic modulation. Methods: 10 volunteers with chronic low-back pain (25.1±5.1 years) underwent 4 assessments before and after training: hamstrings flexibility through photogrammetry; abdominal resistance, through the one minute trunk flexion test; functional capacity through the Roland Morris questionnaire; cardiac autonomic modulation by the RMSSD index of R-R intervals. Mat Pilates training program lasted 12 sessions, each one lasting an hour. Paired student t test, with the level of significance set at 5%, was used to compare data before and after training. Results: Significant improvements (p<0.05) were found on flexibility (58.7±8.2 to 84.1±10.3 degrees on right lower limbs and 57.2±9.1 to 78.5±11.9 on left lower limbs), abdominal resistance (28.3±17.6 to 33.6±16.0 repetitions) and functional capacity (6.2±2.8 to 3.3±1 0 points). Heart rate variability showed no significant change (p = 0.09) after training (RMSSD 37.5±15.0 in pre-training evaluation and 39.0±15.0 in post-training evaluation). Conclusions: We can conclude that the proposed Pilates program was effective in improving muscle and functional parameters, but did not change cardiac autonomic modulation.
Effect of neuromuscular balance on static balance in adult and elderly populations
Authors: Tartari Ana Paula , Moreira Felipe Figueiredo , Pereira Mário César Da Silva , Kerppers Ivo Ilvan , Cidral-Filho Francisco José , Salgado Afonso Shiguemi Inouse
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Postural control has two behavioral goals: postural balance and orientation, which are achieved through a dynamic relationship between sensory information and muscle activity. To maintain body balance, the vestibular, optical and proprioceptive systems must be fully functioning. Neuromuscular balance (NB), developed by François Soulier, is a non-manipulative method that involves applying a soft vibration or a micro-thrust with a small mechanical device to a joint or vertebra in order to induce realignment and readjustment. Objective: To identify the biomechanical effect of NB upon static balance and body oscillations of adults and the elderly through stabilometry. Methodology: In this interventional study, 20 healthy volunteers - 10 young adults (aged between 18 and 30 years old) and 10 elderly (aged between 60 and 80 years old) - were subjected to 10 consecutive weekly NB sessions. Stabilometry was assessed at baseline and after the 10th intervention (center of pressure (COP) behavior parameters: total area in mm2, laterolateral and anteroposterior width in mm). Results: Anteroposterior as well as total area oscillations significantly decreased in the adult population (p<0.0179 and p<0.0242, respectively). Additionally, all parameters were reduced in both groups, although differences between pre and post intervention were not statistically significant. Conclusion: NB effectively decreased anteroposterior and total area oscillations of adult patients, positively contributing to static balance.
Lluvia de siglas en el campo: el sindicalismo agrario en la provincia de Valladolid durante la Transición (1975-1980)
Authors: Redondo Cardeñoso Jesús Ángel
Published: November 2020

El presente artículo analiza la proliferación de las organizaciones profesionales agrarias (OPAs) en Valladolid durante la Transición. Para ello utiliza prensa provincial (El Norte de Castilla) y nacional (El País), documentación del Gobierno Civil y algunos testimonios orales de protagonistas de la época. En primer lugar se realiza un repaso al panorama general del sindicalismo agrario en el país durante el período de estudio. Después, el texto centra su estudio en el análisis de los antecedentes, creación y primera evolución de los sindicatos agrarios creados en la provincia de Valladolid tras la dictadura franquista, tanto conservadores como progresistas, así como el proceso de integración de éstos en la nueva estructura sindical agraria imperante entre 1977 y 1980. El artículo no sólo pretende mostrar que el agro de la España interior vivió una intensa movilización sindical durante la Transición, sino también que dicha movilización fue responsabilidad tanto de sectores progresistas, como de sectores conservadores.
Los grandes proyectos de la industria francesa en España en tiempos de Miterrand y González (1981-1986)
Authors: Sánchez Sánchez Esther M.
Published: November 2020

Este artículo aspira a trazar una panorámica de la política industrial francesa hacia España durante los primeros gobiernos de François Mitterrand (1981-‍88) y Felipe González (1982-‍86). Las tensiones políticas bilaterales, derivadas de la falta de entendimiento en las cuestiones del terrorismo vasco y el ingreso de España en la Comunidad Económica Europea, no obstaculizaron la cooperación económica, especialmente en materia industrial. Los responsables franceses, siguiendo las directrices de su planificación indicativa, privilegiaron los grandes proyectos y la alta tecnología (nuclear, militar, electrónica, informática). Toparon con múltiples inconvenientes por las desventajas del Tratado Preferencial de 1970, las secuelas de la crisis económica mundial y la competencia de otros países, pero lograron consolidar su implantación en España y contribuir a la modernización del tejido industrial y tecnológico local. Para el desarrollo de estas cuestiones, nos basaremos, sobre todo, en fondos públicos franceses recientemente abiertos a los investigadores, entre ellos los del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y el Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas.
Additive effect of TGF-ß with TNF-α on type VII collagen gene expression to activate the expression of an extracellular matrix-related gene
Authors: De Curtis Susan , Aderaye Stephen
Published: November 2020

Type VII collagen is the predominant, if not the exclusive, component of the anchoring fibrils, attachment structures stabilizing the association of the cutaneous basement membrane to the underlying dermis. In the skin, type VII collagen is synthesized by both dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes. Alterations in the type VII collagen protein structure or lack of its expression due to mutations in the corresponding gene COL7A1 are the hallmark of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, a mechano-bullous skin disease characterized by extreme fragility of the skin and leading to development of sub-lamina densa blisters. In this study, we have examined whether the additive effect of TGF-ß with TNF-α on type VII collagen gene expression is exerted at the transcriptional level by activation of the corresponding a promoter. Specifically, we demonstrate that the TNF-α effect is mediated by NF-kB1/RelA (p50/p65) and RelA/RelA (p65/p65) NF-kB complexes binding the TNF-α response element (TaRE) located in the region [7252/7230], with RelA acting as the transcriptional activator. We provide definitive evidence for the role of both TGF-ß and TNF-α response elements as enhancer sequences, functioning in the context of a heterologous promoter in an additive manner in response to TGF-ß and TNF-α. This study provides the functional interaction between the two immediate-early transcription factors, SMAD and NF-kB, to activate the expression of an extracellular matrix-related gene, COL7A1.
Seborrheic dermatitis of the eyelid
Authors: Mohamadi Azam , Fahimi Hossein
Published: November 2020

Seborrheic (say: seb-uh-ree-uh) dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition presenting as dry whitish scales or greasy scales. Can involve the scalp, eyebrows, forehead, face, trunk, or skin folds. Dandruff and cradle cap are both forms of seborrheic dermatitis. The severity of seborrheic dermatitis can be lessened by controlling the risk factors and by paying careful attention to skin care. Seborrheic dermatitis of the eyelid margin usually responds to gentle cleaning of the lid margins nightly as needed, with undiluted Johnson and Johnson baby shampoo using a cotton swab. Remove thick scales by applying warm olive or mineral oil and then wash off several hours later with Dawn washing detergent and a soft bristle tooth-brush. For dense scalp scaling, 10% Liquor Carbonic Detergents (LCD) in nivea oil may be used at bedtime, covering the head with a shower cap. This should be done nightly for 1-3 weeks. Once controlled, washing with zinc soaps or selenium lotion with periodic use of steroid cream will help maintain remission. Recently, creams classified as topical immune modulators are being used which suppresses the immune system to treat inflammation. Further, it is thought that sunlight improves seborrheic dermatitis. In some persons, the condition gets better in the summer, especially after outdoor activities.
Research Insights: Does Merit Pay among Public School Teachers Affect the Mobility of Teachers Out of Teaching or within the School System?
Authors: Berlinski Samuel , Ramos Alejandra
Published: November 2020

This paper analyzes the effect on teacher mobility of a program that rewards excellence in teaching practices in Chile. Successful applicants receive a 6 percent annual wage increase for up to 10 years and an award that publicly recognizes their excellence. The paper uses a regression discontinuity design to identify the causal effect of the public merit award. The program does not alter transitions out of teaching. The program does, however, increase the mobility of awardees within the school system. This is consistent with the program providing a credible public signal of teacher quality.