bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic requirements for uropathogenicE. coliproliferation in the bladder cell infection cycle
Authors: Mediati Daniel G. , Blair Tamika A. , Costas Ariana , Monahan Leigh G. , Söderström Bill , Charles Ian G. , Duggin Iain G.
Published: December 2023

UropathogenicEscherichia coli(UPEC) requires an adaptable physiology to survive the wide range of environments experienced in the host, including gut and urinary tract surfaces. To identify UPEC genes required during intracellular infection, we developed a transposon-directed insertion-site sequencing (TraDIS) approach for cellular infection models and searched for genes in a library of ∼20,000E. coliUTI89 transposon-insertion mutants that are specifically required for growth in M9-glycerol minimal medium, and at the distinct stages of infection of cultured bladder epithelial cells. Some of the functional requirements apparent for growth in M9-glycerol overlapped with those for the intracellular stage of infection, notably nutrient utilization, polysaccharide and macromolecule precursor biosynthesis, and cell envelope stress tolerance. Two genes implicated in both conditions were confirmed through independent gene deletion studies:neuC(sialic acid capsule biosynthesis) andhisF(histidine biosynthesis). Distinct sets of UPEC genes were also implicated in bacterial dispersal, where UPEC erupt from bladder cells in highly filamentous or motile forms upon exposure to human urine, and during recovery from infection in rich (LB) medium. Genes linked to septal peptidoglycan processes,ytfBanddedD, appeared to play roles in dispersal and may help stabilize cell division or the envelope during envelope stress created during infection. Our findings support a view that the host intracellular environment and infection cycle are multi-nutrient limited and create stress that demand an array of biosynthetic, cell envelope integrity and biofilm-related functions of UPEC.

IMPORTANCE

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most frequent infections worldwide. UropathogenicEscherichia coli(UPEC), which accounts for ∼80 % of UTIs, must rapidly adapt to highly variable host environments, such as the gut, bladder sub-surface and urine. In this study, we searched for UPEC genes required for bacterial growth and survival throughout the cellular infection cycle. Genes required forde novosynthesis of biomolecules and cell envelope integrity appeared to be important, and other genes were also implicated in bacterial dispersal and recovery from infection of cultured bladder cells. With further studies of individual gene function, their potential as therapeutic targets may be realized. This study expands knowledge of the UTI infection cycle and establishes an approach to genome-wide functional analyses of stage-resolved microbial infections.
Objective and Subjective Assessments of Exercise Burden in Masters Athletes Are Poorly Correlated
Authors: Lewis Jennifer , Bentley Robert F. , Connelly Kim A. , Dorian Paul , Goodman Jack M.
Published: December 2023

Accurate quantification of exercise volume (burden) is crucial for understanding links between exercise and cardiovascular outcomes in older endurance athletes (EA). Exercise burden, an integral of intensity and duration (MET·min), is typically determined from subjective self-reports but has uncertain accuracy. We studied 40 EAs (41 to 69 yrs., 50% female) with >10 yrs. training history, during a typical outdoor cycling training session (42 km). Subjective self-reports were related to cardiac (HR·min) and metabolic (MET·min) components of exercise burden, monitored continuously. Subjective self-reports were highly variable and underestimated objective metrics of exercise intensity. Discordance was observed between metabolic and cardiac burden as less fit individuals accrued greater cardiac (14039±2649 vs. 11784±1132 HR·min, P<0.01) but lower metabolic burden (808±59 vs. 858±61 MET·min,P<0.05) vs. higher fit EA. Caution is advised in interpreting MET·min estimates from self-reports, urging objective measurement of cardiac burden for further insights into the risk-benefit relationship of long-term exercise.
Genetic Polymorphisms and Post-Stroke Upper Limb Motor Improvement – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Subramanian Sandeep K. , Morgan Riley T. , Rasmusson Carl , Shepherd Kayla M. , Li Carol L
Published: December 2023

Background

Post-stroke upper limb (UL) motor improvement is associated with adaptive neuroplasticity and motor learning. Both intervention-related (including provision of intensive, variable, and task-specific practice) and individual-specific factors (including the presence of genetic polymorphisms) influence improvement. In individuals with stroke, most commonly, polymorphisms are found in Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), Apolipoprotein (APOE) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). These involve a replacement of cystine by arginine (APOEε4) or one or two valines by methionine (BDNF: val66met, COMT: val158met). However, the implications of these polymorphisms on post-stroke UL motor improvement specifically have not yet been elucidated.

Objective

Examine the influence of genetic polymorphism on post-stroke UL motor improvement.

Design

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Methods

We conducted a systematic search of the published literature in English language of using standard methodology. The modified Downs and Black checklist helped assess study quality. We compared change in UL motor impairment and activity scores between individuals with and without the polymorphisms. Meta-analyses helped assess change in motor impairment scores based upon a minimum of two studies per time point. Effect sizes (ES) were quantified based upon the Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System as follows: small (0.08–0.18), medium (0.19–0.40) and large (≥0.41).

Results

We retrieved 10 (four good and six fair quality) studies. Compared to those with BDNF val66met polymorphism, meta-analyses revealed lower motor impairment scores (large ES) in those without the polymorphism at intervention completion (0.5, 95% CI: 0.11-0.88) and at retention (0.58, 95% CI: 0.06-1.11). Presence of CoMT val158met polymorphism had similar results, with higher levels of improvement in impairment (large ES ≥1.5) and activity scores (large ES ranging from 0.5-0.76) in those without the polymorphism. Presence of APOEε4 form did not influence UL motor improvement.

Conclusion

BDNF val66met and COMT val158met polymorphisms negatively influence UL motor improvement in impairment and activity scores.

Registration

https://osf.io/wk9cf/
The impact of Long COVID on Health-Related Quality-of-Life using OpenPROMPT
Authors: Carlile Oliver , Briggs Andrew , Henderson Alasdair D , Butler-Cole Ben FC , Tazare John , Tomlinson Laurie A , Marks Michael , Jit Mark , Lin Liang-Yu , Bates Chris , Parry John , Bacon Sebastian CJ , Dillingham Iain , Dennison William A , Costello Ruth E , Walker Alex J , Hulme William , Goldacre Ben , Mehrkar Amir , MacKenna Brian ,   The OpenSAFELY Collaborative, Herrett Emily , Eggo Rosalind M
Published: December 2023

Background

Long COVID is a major problem affecting patient health, the health service, and the workforce. To optimise the design of future interventions against COVID-19, and to better plan and allocate health resources, it is critical to quantify the health and economic burden of this novel condition.

Methods

With the approval of NHS England, we developed OpenPROMPT, a UK cohort study measuring the impact of long COVID on health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL). OpenPROMPT invited responses to Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) using a smartphone application and recruited between November 2022 and October 2023. We used the validated EuroQol EQ-5D questionnaire with the UK Value Set to develop disutility scores (1-utility) for respondents with and without Long COVID using linear mixed models, and we calculated subsequent Quality-Adjusted Life-Months (QALMs) for long COVID.

Results

We used data from 6,070 participants where 24.7% self-reported long COVID. In multivariable regressions, long COVID had a consistent impact on HRQoL, showing a high probability of reporting loss in quality-of-life (OR: 22, 95% CI:12.35-39.29) compared with people who did not report long COVID. Reporting a disability was the largest predictor of losses of HRQoL (OR: 60.2, 95% CI: 27.79-130.57) across survey responses. Self-reported long COVID was associated with an 0.37 QALM loss.

Conclusions

We found substantial impacts on quality-of-life due to long COVID, representing a major burden on patients and the health service. We highlight the need for continued support and research for long COVID, as HRQoL scores compared unfavourably to patients with conditions such as multiple sclerosis, heart failure, and renal disease.
Rapid, concerted switching of the neural code in inferotemporal cortex
Authors: Shi Yuelin , Bi Dasheng , Hesse Janis K. , Lanfranchi Frank F. , Chen Shi , Tsao Doris Y.
Published: December 2023

A fundamental paradigm in neuroscience is the concept of neural coding through tuning functions1. According to this idea, neurons encode stimuli through fixed mappings of stimulus features to firing rates. Here, we report that the tuning of visual neurons can rapidly and coherently change across a population to attend to a whole and its parts. We set out to investigate a longstanding debate concerning whether inferotemporal (IT) cortex uses a specialized code for representing specific types of objects or whether it uses a general code that applies to any object. We found that face cells in macaque IT cortex initially adopted a general code optimized for face detection. But following a rapid, concerted population event lasting < 20 ms, the neural code transformed into a face-specific one with two striking properties: (i) response gradients to principal detection-related dimensions reversed direction, and (ii) new tuning developed to multiple higher feature space dimensions supporting fine face discrimination. These dynamics were face specific and did not occur in response to objects. Overall, these results show that, for faces, face cells shift from detection to discrimination by switching from an object-general code to a face-specific code. More broadly, our results suggest a novel mechanism for neural representation: concerted, stimulus-dependent switching of the neural code used by a cortical area.
A Kaspar Hauser experiment for innateness of numerical cognition
Authors: Lorenzi Elena , Perrino Matilde , Messina Andrea , Zanon Mirko , Vallortigara Giorgio
Published: December 2023

Whether non-symbolic encoding of quantity is predisposed at birth with dedicated hard-wired neural circuits is debated. Here we presented newly-hatched visually naive chicks with stimuli (flashing dots) of either identical or different numerousness (with a ratio 1:3) with their continuous physical appearance (size, contour length, density, convex hull) randomly changing. Chicks spontaneously tell apart the stimuli on the basis of the number of elements. Upon presentation of either fixed or changing numerousness chicks also showed different expression of early genec-fosin the visual Wulst, the hippocampal formation, the intermediate medial mesopallium, and the caudal part of the nidopallium caudolaterale. The results support the hypothesis that the ability to discriminate quantities does not require any specific instructive experience. Evidence for innateness of non-symbolic numerical cognition have implications for both neurobiology and philosophy of mathematics.
Substrate promiscuity of theEscherichia colixanthine oxidase
Authors: Kronborg Kristina , Zhang Yong Everett
Published: December 2023

PpnN is a cytosolic nucleosidase that cleaves nucleotide monophosphates to nucleobases and ribose-5-phosphate and plays a crucial role in regulating bacterial competitive fitness and persistence. To quantify the PpnN reaction, here we developed an enzyme-coupled assay, wherein PpnN hydrolyzes IMP to hypoxanthine, which is then converted by xanthine oxidase (XO) into xanthine, uric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The detection of hydrogen peroxide via horseradish peroxidase and Amplex Red provides a measure of PpnN enzymatic activity. Surprisingly, we found that in addition to IMP, other nucleotides like GMP significantly increased the signal, suggesting that the corresponding nucleobases might also be substrates for XO. Direct tests by using guanine confirmed XO’s capacity to use it as a substrate, albeit less effectively than hypoxanthine. These findings suggest a potential guanine aminohydrolase activity ofE. coliXO and broaden our understanding of nucleobase metabolism in bacterial systems.
Cultivation of host-adaptedCryptosporidium parvumandCryptosporidium hominisusing enteroids for cryopreservation of isolates and transcriptomic studies of infection
Authors: Deng Miner , Hou Tianyi , Mao Xinjie , Zhang Jie , Yang Fuxian , Wei Yanting , Tang Yongping , Zeng Wanting , Huang Wanyi , Li Na , Feng Yaoyu , Xiao Lihua , Guo Yaqiong
Published: December 2023

Cryptosporidium hominisandCryptosporidium parvumare major causes of severe diarrhea in humans. Comparative studies of them are hampered by the lack of effective cultivation and cryopreservation methods, especially forC. hominis. Here, we described adapted murine enteroids for the cultivation of oneC. parvumIId subtype and nonhuman primate-adaptedC. hominisIb, Im, and In subtypes, which allowed the complete development of the pathogens, producing oocysts infectious to mice. Using the system, we developed a novel cryopreservation method forCryptosporidiumisolates. In comparative RNA-seq analyses ofC. hominiscultures, the enteroid system generated significantly more transcriptomic responses of both pathogen and host genes than the conventional HCT-8 cell system. In particular, the infection was shown to upregulate PI3K-Akt, Wnt, Ras,TNF, NF-κB, IL-17, MAPK, and innate immunity signaling pathways and downregulate Wnt and Hippo signaling pathways, host cell metabolism, and parasites in enteroid cultures had significantly higher expression of genes involved in oocyst formation. Therefore, the new culture model provides a valuable tool for comparative studies of the biology of divergentCryptosporidiumspecies.

IMPORTANCE

The two dominant species for human cryptosporidiosis,Cryptosporidium hominisandCryptosporidium parvum, differ significantly in host range and virulence. Up to date, biological studies ofCryptosporidiumspp. are almost exclusively done with bovine-adapted IIa subtypes ofC. parvum, which is the species with effective laboratory animal models and in vitro cultivation methods. Here, we describe modified procedures for the generation of murine enteroids for successful cultivation of both nonhuman primate-adaptedC. hominissubtypes and aC. parvumIId subtype, producing oocysts infective to mice. In addition, we have developed a novel cryopreservation method using the system for long-term storage ofCryptosporidiumisolates. RNA-seq analyses ofC. hominiscultures indicate that the enteroid culture system generates host and pathogen transcriptomic responses similar to those in natural infection. This new development alleviates a technical bottleneck in cryptosporidiosis research, and provides an example for other difficult-to-culture pathogens of major public health importance.
Bacterial pathogens dynamic during multi-species infections
Authors: Barny Marie-Anne , Thieffry Sylvia , Gomes de Faria Christelle , Thebault Elisa , Pédron Jacques
Published: December 2023

Soft rotPectobacteriacea(SRP) gathers more than 30 bacterial species that collectively rot a wide range of plants by producing and secreting a large set of plant cell wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs). Worldwide potato field surveys identified 15 different SRP species on symptomatic plants and tubers. The abundance of each species observed during outbreaks varies over space and time and the mechanisms driving species shift during outbreak are unknown. Furthermore, multi-species infections are frequently observed and the dynamics of these coinfections are not well understood.

To understand the dynamics of coinfections, we set up 16 different synthetic communities of 6 SRP strains to mimic coinfections. The bacteria present in each tested community were representative of 2 different species, with 3 strains per species. These communities were inoculated in potato tubers or on synthetic media and their outcome was followed by amplification and Illumina sequencing of the discriminatory housekeeping genegapA. We also compared disease incidence and bacterial multiplication in potato tubers during mixed-species infection and single-species infection. A species that was unable to induce disease in potato was efficiently maintained and eventually became dominant in some of the communities tested, indicating that cheating can shape dominant species. Modeling indicates that the cost of PCWDEs production and secretion, the rate of potato degradation and the diffusion rate of degraded substrate could favor the cheater species. Interaction outcomes differed between potato tuber and synthetic medium, highlighting the driving effect of environmental conditions, with higher antagonistic interactions observed in potato tubers. Antagonistic interactions were strain specific and not species specific. Toxicity interference was also observed within some communities, allowing the maintenance of strains otherwise sensitive to toxic compounds. Overall, the results indicate that intraspecific competition, cooperation through trophic interaction and toxicity interference contribute to the maintenance of SRP diversity. The implications of these processes for epidemiological surveillance are discussed.
Hi-C assembled genomes of estuarine populations reveal virus-microbe associations and a broad interaction range of a cyanophage
Authors: Rathwell Christina , McKay Cedar , Rocap Gabrielle
Published: December 2023

Aquatic microbes play key roles in global biogeochemical cycles and their viral-induced mortality influences the flow of carbon and nutrients between the dissolved and particulate pools. However, many microbes remain uncultivated, hindering understanding of their metabolic capabilities and preventing isolation of viruses that infect them. Here we augment metagenomic sequencing with Hi-C, a proximity-linkage method whereby DNA within a cell is physically bound and then sequenced to link contigs within a metagenome that originated from the same cell. In a size-fractioned water sample from beneath the euphotic zone in a hypoxic estuarine fjord in Puget Sound, WA we resolved 49 proximity-linked bins above 50% complete, including 21 Hi-C Assembled Genomes (HAGs) over 90% complete and a nearly complete genome of the eukaryotic green algaPicochlorum. Viral and microbial sequence within the same HAG identified 18 virus-microbe interactions. A myovirus and a siphovirus were associated with 2 different genera within the Saltatorellus clade of Planctomycetes, a phylum for which no virus has been identified. A partialPhycodnaviridaegenome linked to Haptophyte sequence is consistent with contemporaneous observations of a dissipating coccolithophore bloom. A cyanophage S-CAM7-like sequence had a broad interaction range. It was associated with a partialSynechococcusgenome in the >3.0 µm size fraction and with a Gammaproteobacteria related toAlcanivoraxin the 0.2µm-3.0µm fraction. We suggest that viruses produced in surface waters that are shuttled to depth on sinking aggregates may interact with different hosts in deeper waters, providing an important avenue for gene transfer across broad taxonomic ranges.

Importance

Aquatic microbes are important in global elemental cycling. Knowing which viruses infect them in the environment remains a challenge. Using Hi-C, a molecular technique to physically link DNA within a cell, we assembled nearly complete genomes of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes from a hypoxic estuary. Hi-C links captured virus-host interactions for known virus-host pairs and for hosts with no previously known viruses. The same virus was linked to two distinct microbes in different size fractions of water, suggesting it has a broad host range. Viral lysis in surface waters generates sinking particles that deliver newly produced viruses to deeper waters where they interact with different potential hosts, providing an opportunity for gene exchange between unrelated microbes.
Paternal-effect genes revealed through semen cryopreservation inPerca fluviatilis
Authors: Panda Abhipsa , Judycka Sylwia , Palińska-Żarska Katarzyna , Debernardis Rossella , Jarmołowicz Sylwia , Jastrzębski Jan , de Almeida Taina Rocha , Błażejewski Maciej , Hliwa Piotr , Krejszeff Sławek , Żarski Daniel
Published: December 2023

Knowledge about paternal-effect genes (the expression of which in progeny is controlled by the paternal genome) in fish is very limited. To explore this issue, we used semen cryopreservation as a specific challenge test for sperm cells, thus enabling selection amidst cryo-sensitivity. We created two groups of Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) as a model – eggs fertilized either with fresh (Fresh group) or cryopreserved (Cryo group) semen from the same male followed by zootechnical-transcriptomic examination of consequences of cryopreservation in obtained progeny (at larval stages). Most of the zootechnical observations were similar in both groups, except the final weight was higher in the Cryo group. Semen cryopreservation appeared to act as a “positive selection” factor, upregulating most paternal-effect genes in the Cryo group. Transcriptomics profile of freshly hatched larvae sourced genes involved in the development of visual perception as paternal-effect genes. Consequently, larvae from the Cryo group exhibited enhanced eyesight, potentially contributing to more efficient foraging and weight gain compared to the Fresh group. This study unveils, for the first time, the significant influence of the paternal genome on the development of the visual system in fish, highlightingpde6g,opn1lw1, andrbp4las novel paternal-effect genes.
Tumor Immune Cell Targeting Chimeras (TICTACs) For Targeted Depletion of Macrophage-Associated Checkpoint Receptors
Authors: Morimoto Mariko , Till Nicholas A. , Bertozzi Carolyn R.
Published: December 2023

Immune cells in the tumor microenvironment are not only powerful regulators of immunosuppression and tumorigenesis, but also represent a dominant cell type, with tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) comprising up to 50% of total cell mass in solid tumors. Immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) derive their efficacy from this cancer-immune cell interface, however, immune-related adverse events resulting from systemic blockade remain a significant challenge. To address this need for potent, yet highly tumor-specific immunotherapies, we developed Tumor-Immune Cell Targeting Chimeras (TICTACs), antibody conjugates that are capable of selectively depleting immune checkpoint receptors such as SIRPα from the surface of TAMs. These chimeric molecules consist of a synthetic glycan ligand that binds the C-type lectin CD206, a well-established TAM marker, conjugated to a non-blocking antibody that binds but does not inhibit the checkpoint receptor. By engaging CD206, which constitutively recycles between the plasma membrane and early endosomes, TICTACs facilitate robust removal of the checkpoint receptors from the surface of CD206highmacrophages, while having no effect on CD206lowmacrophages. By decoupling antibody selectivity from its blocking function, we present a new paradigm for developing highly tumor-specific immunotherapies.
Spatial organization of adenylyl cyclase and its impact on dopamine signaling in neurons
Authors: Ripoll Léa , von Zastrow Mark
Published: December 2023

The cAMP cascade is widely recognized to transduce its physiological effects locally through spatially limited cAMP gradients. However, little is known about how the adenylyl cyclase enzymes, which initiate cAMP gradients, are localized. Here we answer this question in physiologically relevant striatal neurons and delineate how AC localization impacts downstream signaling functions. We show that the major striatal AC isoforms are differentially sorted between ciliary and extraciliary domains of the plasma membrane, and that AC9 is uniquely targeted to endosomes. We identify key sorting determinants in the N-terminal cytoplasmic domain responsible for isoform-specific localization. We also show that AC9-containing endosomes accumulate activated dopamine receptors and form an elaborately intertwined network with juxtanuclear PKA stores bound to Golgi membranes. Finally, we show that endosomal localization is critical for AC9 to selectively elevate PKA activity in the nucleus relative to the cytoplasm. These results reveal a precise spatial landscape of the cAMP cascade in neurons and a key role of AC localization in directing downstream signal transduction to the nucleus.
Overall Health Effects of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines in Children and Adolescents A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hoffmann Stine S. , Nielsen Sebastian , Thysen Sanne M. , Duriseti Ram , Benn Christine S.
Published: December 2023

Importance

Phase 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in children and adolescents showed efficacy in preventing COVID-19 infections. Vaccines may have non-specific effects.

Objective

Conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the phase 3 trials to assess overall and non-specific health effects of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines.

Data Sources

PubMed, Embase, Clinical Trials, Web of Science, and regulatory websites were searched for RCTs of mRNA vaccines. The latest trial data was included.

Study Selection

All RCTs conducted with mRNA vaccines BNT162b2 and mRNA-1237 in children and adolescents below 18 years, with placebo, adjuvant, or other vaccines as controls. 1199 studies were screened; six were included in the analysis.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Data on serious adverse events (“SAEs”) and severe adverse events (“Severe AEs”) as well as organ-specific diseases was extracted following the PRISMA reporting guideline, with a focus on non-specific infectious events. Risk Ratios (RRs) comparing vaccine vs placebo were calculated for each vaccine and combined in Mantel-Haenszel estimates.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcomes were SAEs: overall, non-accident SAEs, and infectious SAEs, respectively. Secondary outcomes were Severe AEs and lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) including RSV.

Results

The analyses included 25,549 individuals (17,538 received mRNA; 8,011 received placebo). The risk of SAEs was similar for vaccine and placebo recipients. Both mRNA vaccines were associated with increased risk of severe AEs in older children. In a combined analysis, the RR was 3.77 (1.56-9.13[0.4% vs 0.1% in vaccine vs placebo recipients]) in above 5 year-olds, and 0.82 (0.53-1.29)[0.8% vs 0.9%])in younger children, who received a lower dose of vaccine (p=0.003 for same effect in older and younger children). In the younger children, mRNA vaccines were associated with higher risk of LRTI (RR=2.80 (1.32-5.94)[0.6% vs 0.3%]) including a higher risk of RSV infections (RR=2.78 (1.09-7.06)[0.4% vs 0.2%]).

Conclusions and Relevance

mRNA vaccines did not increase the risk of SAEs but were associated with an increased risk of severe AEs in older children, and an increased risk of LRTI, including RSV, in the young. Further research into the overall and non-specific health effects of mRNA vaccines is warranted.
DrosophilaWg and Evi/Wntless dissociation occurs post apical internalization in the late endosomes
Authors: Sharma Satyam , Chaudhary Varun
Published: December 2023

Signaling pathways activated by secreted Wnt ligands play an essential role in tissue development and the progression of diseases, like cancer. Secretion of the lipid-modified Wnt proteins is tightly regulated by a repertoire of intracellular factors. For instance, a membrane protein, Evi/Wntless, interacts with the Wnt ligand in the ER, and it is essential for its further trafficking and release in the extracellular space. After dissociating from the Wnt, the Wnt-unbound Evi is recycled back to the ER via Golgi. However, where in this trafficking path Wnt proteins dissociate from Evi remains unclear. Here, we have used theDrosophilawing epithelium to trace the route of the Evi-Wg (Wnt homolog) complex leading up to their separation. In these polarized cells, Wg is first trafficked to the apical surface, however, the secretion of Wg is believed to occur post-internalization via recycling. Our results show that the Evi-Wg complex is internalized from the apical surface. Furthermore, using antibodies that specifically label the Wnt-unbound Evi, we show that Evi and Wg separation occurs post-internalization in the acidic endosomes. These results refine our understanding of the polarized trafficking of Wg and highlight the importance of Wg endocytosis in its secondary secretion.
The effect of global warming and climate changes on aircraft accidents between 2010-2022
Authors: Akay Tuncer , Tarhan Cevahir
Published: December 2023

Purpose

One of the sectors most affected by the variable weather events caused by climate change and global warming is the aviation sector. Especially in aircraft accidents, weather events increasing with climate change and global warming are effective. The purpose of this study is to determine how much the change in weather conditions caused by global warming and climate changes affect the aircraft in the world between the years 2010 and 2022.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, it was investigated which weather events were more effective in aircraft crashes by determining the rates of air events and aircraft crashes in aircraft crashes with a passenger capacity of 12 or more that occurred between 2010 and 2022.

Findings

It is clearly seen that increasing weather conditions with global warming and climate change increase the effect of weather conditions in aircraft crashes.

Originality/value

The difference of this study from other studies is the evaluation of the data of the past 12 years, in which the increasing consequences of global warming and climate change have been felt more. It also reveals the necessity of further research on the effects of weather conditions on aircraft.
Effect of aspect ratio on mean flow characteristics of cruciform orifice jet
Authors: S. Rajesh Kumar , Sadrani Nishchay , B.T. Kannan
Published: December 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study reports the effects of aspect ratio (AR) on mean flow characteristics of the cruciform orifice jet.

Design/methodology/approach

The aspect ratio is the height-to-width ratio of the lobe of the cruciform shape. The aspect ratios considered are 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 3 and 4. The turbulent jet flow is issued through an orifice being fitted to the jet tunnel facility. The velocity measurements are recorded with the help of pitot-static tube connected to a digital manometer setup. The Reynolds number calculated using the equivalent diameter 50.46 × 10–3 m and exit velocity 51.23 m/s was 1.75 × 105. Based on the experimental data, the streamline velocity decay plots, the potential core length (PCL), mean velocity profiles and velocity half widths were plotted, and discussions were made based on the measured data. A smoke-based flow visualization was carried out at moderate Reynolds number 5396.

Findings

The PCL remains almost constant for the aspect ratio 0.25:1 and then starts decreasing for the aspect ratio 1:4. The decrease in PCL indicates improved mixing. The off-center peaks are found along the major axis in mean velocity profiles for almost all cruciform jets. More than one axis switching occurs and can be identified by the crossover points. The location of the first crossover point shifts forward, and the second crossover point shows an oscillating trend. The flow visualization exhibits the jet evolution, and the distance up to which the jet maintains the cruciform shape is increased with the aspect ratio.

Research limitations/implications

The experiments are limited to air in air jet under isothermal conditions.

Social implications

The cruciform orifices can be used as fuel injectors and in air-conditioning systems, thereby improving efficiency and energy usage.

Originality/value

The aspect ratio effects on PCL and axis switching are used to explain the mixing characteristics. Flow visualization was also used to support the discussion.
The mediating role of entrepreneurial alertness in the entrepreneurial passion and persistence in venture start-up nexus
Authors: Onwe Chukwuemeka Christian , Ndu Vitalis Chinedu , Onwumere Michael , Icheme Monday
Published: December 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between entrepreneurial passion for founding firms (EPFF) and persistence in venture start-ups and to examine the mediating role of searching and scanning alertness, association and connection alertness and evaluation and judgment alertness (i.e. entrepreneurial alertness).

Design/methodology/approach

Using a three-way parallel mediation involving searching and scanning alertness, association and connection alertness and evaluation and judgment alertness, on data from 342 serial entrepreneurs from Nigeria, the authors examined the influence of EPFF on persistence in venture start-ups, through a parallel mediation involving searching and scanning alertness, association and connection alertness and evaluation and judgment alertness.

Findings

The authors find that EPFF was not significantly related (positive) to persistence in venture start-ups, but that searching and scanning alertness, association and connection alertness and evaluation and judgment alertness mediated the path through which EPFF impacts persistence in venture start-ups. Thus, entrepreneurial alertness is relevant in explaining the relationship between EPFF and persistence in venture start-ups in Nigeria.

Originality/value

The findings of this study highlight the relevance of EPFF and alertness in explaining persistence in venture start-ups in Nigeria.
Determinants of customer-perceived service quality in higher education: the roles of job satisfaction and organizational commitment
Authors: Al-Refaei Abd Al-Aziz Hamed , Ali Hairuddin Mohd , Aldaba Abdulmajid Mohammed , Zumrah Abdul Rahim
Published: December 2023

Purpose

This study aims to examine the constructs of job satisfaction and organizational commitment (OC) as the determinants of customer-perceived service quality in higher education context. It also explores the role of OC in mediating the dynamics of the relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

It applied the cross-sectional, ex post facto survey method to acquire data from 1,776 respondents at Aden University. Two sets of questionnaires on job satisfaction, OC and perceived service quality were filled out by 296 academic staff and 1,480 students. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.

Findings

The results showed that job satisfaction exercised a significant positive effect on OC and students’ perception of service quality (i.e. the quality of lectures delivered in class that shaped their learning experiences). OC also significantly affected students’ perception of service quality and partially mediated the effect of job satisfaction on perceived service quality.

Research limitations/implications

The current research only investigated the outcomes of job satisfaction and did not cover critical antecedents of job satisfaction, such as employee training and development, rewards and benefits and the like. Its outcomes have important implications for managing the link between organizational practices and customers perception of service quality in higher education context.

Practical implications

The results have accentuated the importance of universities’ ensuring and increasing faculty’s job satisfaction and commitment if they seek to enhance students’ perception of service quality. Universities can do so by improving their organizational practices, which are expected to result in faculty well-being and improved working conditions.

Originality/value

The results have contributed new insights into the current understanding of the dynamics between and among job satisfaction, OC and customers’ perceptions of service quality. It has demonstrated how OC is shaped by job satisfaction and can influence the quality of services rendered by employees if they are happy and satisfied with the organization.
The extent of “deceptive” advertising by wine retailers: caveat venditor
Authors: Gokcekus Omer
Published: December 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to assess the presence of deceptive advertising practices in wine retailers’ e-mails and, if identified, to analyze the extent and content of these deceptive advertisements.

Design/methodology/approach

The study follows an observational research design to examine the accuracy of two claims that were made in 258 marketing e-mails from two major wine retailers in New Jersey, USA: (1) that all wines have 90+ scores; and (2) that these wines are offered at a deeply discounted price.

Findings

The study found that only 3.9% of cases accurately supported both major claims made: the wines having 90+ scores and being offered at a discounted price. Both claims were inaccurate in 64.7% of cases. Nearly half (49.3%) of the advertised wines had concealed critic’s scores below 90 points. Recipients were told they could save 37.2% by purchasing from the advertising retailer, but they could have actually saved 12.7% more by buying the wines elsewhere.

Research limitations/implications

The study’s limitations include the small sample size. Variations between different wine retailers and their advertising practices require further investigation.

Practical implications

Advertised discounts and scores may be inaccurate or incomplete, causing consumer confusion and disappointment, erosion of wine advertisements’ as well as wine retailers’ and wine experts’ credibility.

Social implications

Deceptive advertising can erode consumer trust and lead to unfair practices. Consumers may make purchasing decisions based on misleading information. Deceptive practices create an uneven playing field, giving businesses that engage in them an unfair advantage, hindering market transparency and ethical businesses. Policymakers should develop regulations to protect consumers and ensure fair competition.

Originality/value

An investigation of deceptive advertising practices in the wine industry has not been done before. This exploratory study contributes to consumer awareness and highlights the importance of truthful and transparent marketing practices.
Identifying the opportunities and challenges of artificial intelligence in higher education: a qualitative study
Authors: Jafari Fateme , Keykha Ahmad
Published: December 2023

Purpose

This research was developed to identify artificial intelligence (AI) opportunities and challenges in higher education.

Design/methodology/approach

This qualitative research was developed using the six-step thematic analysis method (Braun and Clark, 2006). Participants in this study were AI PhD students from Tehran University in 2022–2023. Purposive sampling was used to select the participants; a total of 15 AI PhD students, who were experts in this field, were selected and interviews were conducted.

Findings

The authors considered the opportunities that AI creates for higher education in eight secondary subthemes (for faculty members, for students, in the teaching and learning process, for assessment, the development of educational structures, the development of research structures, the development of management structures and the development of academic culture). Correspondingly, The authors identified and categorized the challenges that AI creates for higher education.

Research limitations/implications

Concerning the intended research, several limitations are significant. First, the statistical population was limited, and only people with characteristics such as being PhD students, studying at Tehran University and being experts in AI could be considered the statistical population. Second, caution should be exercised when generalizing the results due to the limited statistical population (PhD students from Tehran University). Third, the problem of accessing some students due to their participation in research grants, academic immigration, etc.

Originality/value

The innovation of the current research is that the authors identified the opportunities and challenges that AI creates for higher education at different levels. The findings of this study also contribute to the enrichment of existing knowledge in the field regarding the effects of AI on the future of higher education, as researchers need more understanding of AI developments in the future of higher education.
A study on risk sharing of smart city PPP projects based on EW-G1 and TOPSIS-UT: a case study in China
Authors: Zhao Hui , Cheng Xian , Gao Jing , Yu Guikun
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Building a smart city is a necessary path to achieve sustainable urban development. Smart city public–private partnership (PPP) project is a necessary measure to build a smart city. Since there are many participants in smart city PPP projects, there are problems such as uneven distribution of risks; therefore, in order to ensure the normal construction and operation of the project, the reasonable sharing of risks among the participants becomes an urgent problem to be solved. In order to make each participant clearly understand the risk sharing of smart city PPP projects, this paper aims to establish a scientific and practical risk sharing model.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses the literature review method and the Delphi method to construct a risk index system for smart city PPP projects and then calculates the objective and subjective weights of each risk index through the Entropy Weight (EW) and G1 methods, respectively, and uses the combined assignment method to find the comprehensive weights. Considering the nature of the risk sharing problem, this paper constructs a risk sharing model for smart city PPP projects by initially sharing the risks of smart city PPP projects through Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) to determine the independently borne risks and the jointly borne risks and then determines the sharing ratio of the jointly borne risks based on utility theory.

Findings

Finally, this paper verifies the applicability and feasibility of the risk-sharing model through empirical analysis, using the smart city of Suzhou Industrial Park as a research case. It is hoped that this study can provide a useful reference for the risk sharing of PPP projects in smart cities.

Originality/value

In this paper, the authors calculate the portfolio assignment by EW-G1 and construct a risk-sharing model by TOPSIS-Utility Theory (UT), which is applied for the first time in the study of risk sharing in smart cities.
Emotional intelligence and mental well-being of students in Indian higher education sector: an SEM based analysis
Authors: Rana Shikha , Singh Vandana , Chaturvedi Nishant
Published: December 2023

Purpose

This study aims to provide empirical insights pertaining to the impact of trait emotional intelligence on the mental well-being of students in higher education institutions (HEIs) in India.

Design/methodology/approach

In the current study, responses from a total of 252 students were randomly taken from different universities of Uttarakhand (India). The analysis was done using structural equation modelling AMOS 23.

Findings

The current study empirically established the positive impact of trait emotional intelligence (TEI) on the mental well-being of students and highlighted the relevance of TEI in curbing the psychological distress in students of HEIs.

Originality/value

This study endeavours to bridge the empirical and population gap by examining the emotional intelligence and its impact on mental well-being of the students of Indian HEIs, where studies are still scant and demand massive exploration of the perceptions of students. Strong emotional intelligence is pivotal in strengthening the mental well-being of students so that they can make appropriate decisions pertaining to their career and personal life.
MCFilter: feature filter based on motion-correlation for LiDAR SLAM
Authors: Sun Han , Tang Song , Qi Xiaozhi , Ma Zhiyuan , Gao Jianxin
Published: December 2023

Purpose

This study aims to introduce a novel noise filter module designed for LiDAR simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) systems. The primary objective is to enhance pose estimation accuracy and improve the overall system performance in outdoor environments.

Design/methodology/approach

Distinct from traditional approaches, MCFilter emphasizes enhancing point cloud data quality at the pixel level. This framework hinges on two primary elements. First, the D-Tracker, a tracking algorithm, is grounded on multiresolution three-dimensional (3D) descriptors and adeptly maintains a balance between precision and efficiency. Second, the R-Filter introduces a pixel-level attribute named motion-correlation, which effectively identifies and removes dynamic points. Furthermore, designed as a modular component, MCFilter ensures seamless integration into existing LiDAR SLAM systems.

Findings

Based on rigorous testing with public data sets and real-world conditions, the MCFilter reported an increase in average accuracy of 12.39% and reduced processing time by 24.18%. These outcomes emphasize the method’s effectiveness in refining the performance of current LiDAR SLAM systems.

Originality/value

In this study, the authors present a novel 3D descriptor tracker designed for consistent feature point matching across successive frames. The authors also propose an innovative attribute to detect and eliminate noise points. Experimental results demonstrate that integrating this method into existing LiDAR SLAM systems yields state-of-the-art performance.
A qualitative exploration of behaviour change and maintenance experience in people with overweight or obesity in a dietary intervention
Authors: Liu Kai , Choi Tammie S.T. , Zhao Lijun , Teong Xiao Tong , Hutchison Amy T. , Heilbronn Leonie K.
Published: December 2023

Aim

This qualitative study aimed to explore the experiences of participants who were enrolled in 6‐month controlled weight loss interventions with 2‐month follow‐up to better understand the process of behaviour change and maintenance.

Methods

Fifteen participants who completed or dropped out from either a daily energy restriction or intermittent fasting group were recruited using maximum variation purposive sampling. In‐depth, semi‐structured interviews were conducted at the 2‐month follow‐up phase. All interviews were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis, guided by behaviour change models including transtheoretical model, social cognitive theory and integrated model of change.

Results

Participants following both diets showed similar behaviour change patterns. Their first motivations were mostly external and relied on ‘accountability’ to adhere to the diet when initiating the dietary changes. Participants highlighted the importance of frequent reviews and monitoring in assisting their adherence. This feedback system promoted the development of self‐efficacy and internalised motivation to encourage an ‘ownership’. Participants who transitioned successfully from relying on accountability to take ‘ownership’ of the intervention were more capable of tackling challenges and tailoring their diet to form a new routine for long‐term maintenance.

Conclusion

External motivations were key to initiate while internalised motivations were more important to sustain the behaviour change. Health professionals can assist this process through routine monitoring and feedback processes in clinical practice.