bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caracterización de productores de maíz de temporal en Tierra Blanca, Veracruz
Authors: Jaramillo Albuja José Gabriel , Peña Olvera Benjamín Valeriano , Hernández Salgado José Hilario , Díaz Ruiz Ramón , Espinosa Calderón Alejandro
Published: August 2018

El maíz es uno de los principales cultivos de México debido entre otros factores a que juega un rol importante en la dieta del mexicano, la fuente principal de abastecimiento de este grano en el mercado nacional proviene de alrededor de 2.6 millones de pequeños productores que cultivan este cereal en superficies menores a cinco hectáreas y además representa uno de los pilares fundamentales para la seguridad alimentaria de la familias rurales que generalmente se encuentran en condiciones de marginación y pobreza. El presente artículo tiene por objetivo caracterizar a los productores de maíz de temporal de 14 localidades del municipio de Tierra Blanca, estado de Veracruz, que tienen índices de marginación altos y medios. En este sentido y para comprender los procesos de gestión productiva de los agricultores se realizó esta investigación para entender los aspectos económicos, sociales y productivos asociados con los rendimientos de maíz bajo condiciones de temporal en el ciclo primavera-verano 2015, con el diseñó de un cuestionario se recopiló información mediante entrevistas personalizadas con los productores. Los resultados mostraron que los productores tienen en promedio de 55 años de edad con 5.5 años de escolaridad, cada familia tiene alrededor de 4 integrantes, el tamaño promedio de las parcelas es de 11.28 hectáreas/productor, 94.3% utiliza semilla mejorada y alcanzan un rendimiento promedio de 2.8 t ha-1 con una densidad promedio de 31 948 plantas ha-1. Los principales animales que se encontraron en los solares o traspatios fueron: gallinas, cerdos, bovinos.
Aplicación de tratamientos hidrotérmico, fungicida y cera sobre el oscurecimiento superficial en guanábana
Authors: López-Velasco Arianna , De La Cruz-Medina Javier , León-García Elizabeth , García-Galindo Hugo S. , Vázquez-Hernández Marcos V.
Published: August 2018

La guanábana (Annona muricata L.) es una fruta climatérica que posee una vida útil corta (6 a 8 días). Esta característica limita su transporte y comercialización. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue conocer el efecto de algunos pretratamientos sobre el oscurecimiento superficial en guanábana. Se evaluó el efecto del tratamiento hidrotérmico a 50 °C durante 20 min, la aplicación del fungicida Azoxystrobin® a 300 mg L-1 y el recubrimiento Semperfresh® (1:20) sobre la respuesta a la maduración y oscurecimiento superficial en frutos de guanábana almacenados a 16 ±2 °C y 25 ±2 °C. Se observó una vida útil de 7 días en los tratamientos almacenadas a 25 ±2 °C y de 9 días para los almacenadas a 16 ±2 °C, comparadas con el testigo que fue de seis días. La combinación de fungicida y el recubrimiento fue la condición que produjo los mejores resultados, debido a que se retardó el oscurecimiento de la cáscara. Los mejores tratamientos que evidenciaron el mayor control frente a las pudriciones y la antracnosis fueron la aplicación del fungicida y el tratamiento hidrotérmico-fungicida con 46 y 38.5% de severidad de pudriciones, respectivamente. La temperatura de 16 ±2 °C fue la mejor en mantener los frutos viables por más tiempo. El tratamiento hidrotérmico causó un oscurecimiento acelerado en la cáscara.
The Desire for Additional Children among Pakistani Women: The
Determinants
Authors: Mahmood Naushin
Published: August 2018

It is generally argued that the traditional social and
economic structure of the Pakistani society keeps the value of children
relatively high and the demand for contraception relatively low,
resulting in the persistence of high fenility in the country.
Nevertheless, there is evidence of a latent demand for fertility control
among women in all strata of the population. This study examines the
determinants ()f the desire for additional children for currently
married women in Pakistan, drawing data from the Population, Labour
Force and Migration (PLM) Survey of 197.9-80. The variations in the
patterns of desired fertility and their relationship to the factors of
economic and social change - such as education, husband's occupation,
household income, child education, and work - are also analyzed. The
analysis is conducted using logit regression models. The basic analysis
of desired fertility reveals that a significant minority of currently
married fecund women in all subgroups want no more children, and that
this is a majority for women with four children or more. Among the
factors determining the desire for no more children, the major findings
are that besides the strong and alI-pervasive effects of the life-cycle
factors (such as parity, age, and the number of living son), fenility
desires of urban and rural women are determined differently in response
to the social and economic factors. While a higher percentage of rural
women want more children, their desire for no more children is
significantly related to such factors as house.hold income, nuclear
family living, and child schooling - factors that are unrelated to urban
women's fertility desires. For urban women, alongwith the advantage of
being in a more modem, non-agrarian setting, an exposure to urban living
and at least secondary schooling are associated with wanting no more
children. The likely effective steps suggested to achieve a reduced
desire for additional children are an expansion in education beyond the
primary levels, the development of an opportunity structure for rural
women, and an improvement in the targeting of programme services for
those who have the potential motivation to limit fenility.
Pakistan's Exchange Rate Policy: An Econometric
Investigation
Authors: Ahmed Mohammad
Published: August 2018

This paper examines empirical determinants of the Pakistani
rupee exchange rate since the advent of the managed float in 1982. The
behaviour of the nominal exchange rate results from policy intervention
carried out by the monetary authorities. Various testable hypotheses are
developed in order to discern the factor(s) which can be the
determinants of the nominal rupee exchange rate. In the shon run,
authorities follow a contingent policy rule with respect to movements of
the U. S. dollar against the SDR. Based on vector autoregression
techniques, the error correction model is employed to check the
consistency of the shon-run adjusunent process, given the authorities'
longrun target rupee value. The 'revealed' policy is to panly offset the
inflation differential between Pakistan and its major trading parUlers.
Under plausible conditions, the burden of adjusunent and recessionary
conditions are likely to occur in the Pakistani expon sector.
Inequality in Irrigation Distribution in Pakistan
Authors: Gill Zulfiqar A. , Sampath Rajan K.
Published: August 2018

This paper provides estimates of the level of inequality in
the distribution of land and other irrigation-related land variables
among agricultural households, across farm size groups both at the
national and provincial levels, at a point in time as well as over a
period of time; it decomposes the levels of inequality in terms of its
two components, namely, "within province" and "between provinces"
inequality; and it estimates the relative performance of the four
provinces in achieving equity in irrigation distribution. In doing this
analysis, the paper makes use of the agricultural census reports
pertaining to the years 1959-60, 1971-1972, and 1979-1980. The paper's
major results are that there exists considerable intra- and
interprovincial inequality in Pakistan. Of the two major contributors to
the overall inequality in the country as a whole, the withinprovince
inequality component contributes more than 90 percent of the total
inequality. The paper identifies the two main reasons for the high
within-province inequality as being (I) the very highly skewed
distribution of land across cultivating households and (2) the lack of
regressi vity in the distribution of irrigation across farm size groups,
especially that of govemment"controlled canal irrigation. The paper
recommends a lexicographic ordering of canal irrigation distribution,
under which irrigation water will be provided first to irrigate all the
irrigable land of the smallest of farms, and after fulfilling their
demands, it will fulfil the demands of the second smallest farm size
group, and so on.
Peran Sains dalam menuju sustainable ornamental fishery: kasus Banggai cardinalfish
Authors: Ndobe Samliok , Moore Abigail Mary
Published: August 2018

This paper was presented at the Konferensi Sains Kelautan dan Perikanan Indonesia I, Bogor, Indonesia, 17-18 July 2007 and published in the proceedings (pp. MSP: 157-169). The paper discusses the role of science in the process of moving towards a sustainaable fishery for the Endangered (IUCN Red List) Banggai cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni), in the aftermath of CITES CoP 14 in 2007 where the proposal to list the species under CITES Appendix II was withdrawn. Both past contributions and suggestions for the future role of science are addressed.
What, if anything, is rodent prefrontal cortex?
Authors: Laubach Mark , Amarante Linda , Swanson T. Kyra , White Samantha R.
Published: August 2018

Prefrontal cortex (PFC) means different things to different people. In recent years, there has been a major increase in publications on the PFC, especially using mice. However, inconsistencies in the nomenclature and anatomical boundaries of PFC areas has made it difficult for researchers to compare data and interpret findings across species. We conducted a meta-analysis of publications on the PFC of humans and rodents and found dramatic differences in the focus of research on these species. In addition, we compared anatomical terms and criteria across several common rodent brain atlases and found inconsistencies among, and even within, leading atlases. To assess the impact of these issues on the research community, we conducted a survey of established PFC researchers on their use of anatomical terms and found little consensus. We report on the results of the survey and propose an alternative scheme for interpreting data from rodent studies, based on structural analysis of the corpus callosum and nomenclature used in research on the anterior cingulate cortex of primates.
Gender violence, poverty and HIV infection risk among persons engaged in the sex industry: cross-national analysis of the political economy of sex markets in 30 European and Central Asian countries
Authors: Reeves Aaron , Steele Sarah , Stuckler David , Mckee Martin , Amato-Gauci Andrew , Semenza Jan C.
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesPersons engaged in the sex industry are at greater risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections than the general population. One major factor is exposure to higher levels of risky sexual activity. Expanding condom use is a critical prevention strategy, but this requires negotiation with those buying sex, which takes place in the context of cultural and economic constraints. Impoverished individuals who fear violence are more likely to forego condoms.MethodsHere we tested the hypotheses that poverty and fear of violence are two structural drivers of HIV infection risk in the sex industry. Using data from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control and the World Bank for 30 countries, we evaluated poverty, measured using the average income per day per person in the bottom 40% of the income distribution, and gender violence, measured using homicide rates in women and the proportion of women exposed to violence in the last 12 months and/or since age 16 years.ResultsWe found that HIV prevalence among those in the sex industry was higher in countries where there were greater female homicide rates (β = 0.86; P = 0.018) and there was some evidence that self‐reported exposure to violence was also associated with higher HIV prevalence (β = 1.37; P = 0.043). Conversely, HIV prevalence was lower in countries where average incomes among the poorest were greater (β = −1.05; P = 0.046).ConclusionsOur results are consistent with the theory that reducing poverty and exposure to violence may help reduce HIV infection risk among persons engaged in the sex industry.
The enduring influence of institutions on universal health coverage: An empirical investigation of 62 former colonies
Authors: Miller Michael , Reeves Aaron , Toffolutti Veronica
Published: August 2018

In this paper, we argue that particular institutional arrangements partly explain the large and persistent differences in health systems and health outcomes observed in former colonies. Drawing on data from the World Health Organization for 62 countries, covering the period 2000–2014, we explore whether economic (risk of expropriation) and health (complete cause of death registries) institutions explain mortality rates and access to healthcare. To identify this relationship, we use settler mortality and the distance of the capital from the nearest major port – factors associated with institutional arrangements – to explain cross-national variation in health outcomes and the universality of health systems. We find that inclusive institutions arrangements – that protect and acknowledge the rights of citizens – are associated with better health outcomes (e.g. lower infant mortality and lower maternal mortality) as well as with better health systems (e.g. more skilled birth attendance and greater immunization). Inclusive institutions not only foster economic growth but improve health and well-being too.
Earthquake forecasting model for Nepal to improve prevention
Authors: Sathian Brijesh , Van Teijlingen Edwin R
Published: August 2018

There is an urgent need of earthquake forecasting model for Nepal in this current scenario. It can be developed by the scientists of Nepal with the help of experienced international scientists. This will help the Nepalese to take timely and necessary precautions. We would argue that above all we need to use earthquake prediction knowledge to improve the disaster prepardness in local communities, service providers (hospitals, Non-Governmental Organizations, police, etc.), government policy-makers and international agencies. On the whole, both seismology and public health are most successful when focusing on  prevention not on prediction per se. J Epidemiol. 2017;7(4); 700-701.
Evaluation of the effects of various factors on aboveground and belowground biomass storage capacity of eastern mediterranean maquis vegetation
Authors: Durkaya Ali , Kaptan Sinan , Sabanci Ali , Durkaya Birsen
Published: August 2018

This study was carried out on the data obtained from 35 plot areas selected among the vertical distribution regions of maquis in study area located in Eastern Mediterranean region. The data were grouped in terms of altitude, dominant exposure, vegetation height, and mean age factors, and it is tried to reveal the change of maquis biomass depending on these factors. The data obtained shown significant variation and, for this reason, the mass values are expressed as mean values. The potential relationship between the mentioned factors and the amounts of stored biomass was examined by using t-test and variation analysis. The mean aboveground biomass amount was found to be 24,183 ton/ha, while mean belowground biomass that doesn’t contain fine root was found to be 41,062 ton/ha. According to these results obtained from mean values, the root/shoot ratio was calculated to be 1.7.
Količine goriva i zalihe ugljika u šumskoj prostirci sastojina alepskog bora na otoku Mljetu
Authors: Bakšić Nera , Bakšić Darko
Published: August 2018

Sa stajališta šumskih požara, šumska prostirka se promatra kao potencijalno gorivo, no njena uloga i značaj u izmjeni tvari i energije, a poglavito ugljika u kontekstu aktualnih globalnih klimatskih promjena su veliki. Zbog toga se informacije o šumskoj prostirci tradicionalno koriste u modelima za procjenu opasnosti od šumskih požara te modelima za predikciju ponašanja i širenja šumskih požara, a u novije vrijeme i za procjenu emisija ugljika i drugih plinova te kvantificiranje zaliha ugljika. Glavni ciljevi ovog rada su: određivanje debljine, gustoće i količine pothorizonata šumske prostirke uz pripadajuće zalihe ugljika u sastojinama alepskog bora te izrada regresijskih modela debljine i količine šumske prostirke te debljine i zalihe ugljika, po pothorizontima i ukupno. Uzorkovanje šumske prostirke obavljeno je na području NP Mljet, u sastojinama alepskog bora, po debljinskim razredima: 0–50 cm, 100–150 cm i 200–250 cm opsega. Uzorkovanje je obavljeno po pothorizontima, a količine i udio organskog ugljika određene su za svaki pothorizont zasebno. Iz dobivenih rezultata vidljivo je da sastojine alepskog bora vežu značajne količine ugljika u svojoj prostirci, no uvjeti i zakonitosti nisu još dovoljno proučeni. U prilog tomu govore značajno veće debljine i količine šumske prostirke u sastojinama alepskog bora od onih do sada poznatih, pa je tako ispod stabala opsega 200–250 cm utvrđena srednja debljina prostirke od 9,0 cm i procijenjena količina od 94,3 Mg ha–1 sa zalihom ugljika od 37 Mg C ha–1. Regresijskom analizom utvrđena je statistički značajna veza debljina šumske prostirke s količinama prostirke i zalihama ugljika, te su dani regresijski modeli za OL pothorizont, zatim za OF1,OF2 i OH zajedno, kao i za ukupnu prostirku. Rezultati ovog istraživanja imaju praktičnu vrijednost u jednostavnijem kvantificiranju količina goriva i zaliha ugljika u šumskoj prostirci sastojina alepskog bora, koje se potom mogu koristiti u navedenim modelima. Inventarizacija šumskih goriva predstavlja osnovu za parametrizaciju i operativnu primjenu navedenih modela u Hrvatskoj.
Nalaz strane vrste Cinara (Cinara) cedri (Hemiptera: Aphididae) u Istri, Hrvatska
Authors: Landeka Nediljko , Podnar Martina
Published: August 2018

Lisna uš Cinara cedri strana vrsta hrvatske apidofaune, zabilježena je na području Pule (Istra, Hrvatska) na libanonskom cedru (Cedrus libani). Uz morfološku, provedena je i molekularna identifikacija vrste. Standardizirani fragment mitohondrijskog gena za podjedinicu I citokrom c oksidaze (tzv. DNA barkod regija) korišten je kao molekularni biljeg. Monitoringom u razdoblju od 2013. do 2015. godine nisu utvrđene populacije ove vrste na širem području niti povećana brojnost na istoj lokaciji.
Influence of the ecological conditions on the productive potential of grey alder
Authors: Bugala Michal , Parobeková Zuzana , Parobek Ján
Published: August 2018

The aim of the study is to analyse the productive potential of grey alder (Alnus incana (L.) Moench) along an altitudinal gradient to verify coincidence ofproductive and ecological optimum and to identify climatic factors that control the growth. Along the altitudinal gradient of the river basin, dendrometric data has been analysed on the eight permanent research plots at the altitude of 525–705m. Correlations between standard chronology and average monthly climate characteristics were calculated for the period 1969–2015. Significant differences in the average basal area increments have been recognized among the investigated altitudinal zones. The highest basal area increment (1661±975mm2y-1) was detected in the zone of altitude 605m. and the average annual volume increment of the model grey alder stand was 4.59m3. The radial growth of grey alder has been positively affected only by the temperature of the current April and negatively by precipitation of the previous growing season. Based on the pointer year analysis can be claimed that condition of the root system is the most influential factor in relation to the radial growth and is dependent on water stress in the previous year. Investigated relationships may significantly influence decision making process in the forest management focused on grey alder re- or afforestation.
Monitoring populacije zlatokraja (Euproctis chrysorrhoea L.) na području središnje Bosne
Authors: Mujezinović Osman , Zahirović Kenan , Dautbašić Mirza , Mešan Mevaida
Published: August 2018

Za potrebe ovog rada utvrđena je štetnost zlatokraja (E. chrysorrhoea L.) na području ŠPD-a “Srednjobosanske” šume, odnosno na području Šumarija Novi Travnik, Travnik i Kreševo. Proveden je monitoring populacije zlatokraja primjenom represivnih mjera koje su obuhvatile primjenu klopki i feromona. Za potrebe ovog istraživanja korištene su klopke WitaTrap Delta PQ i feromoni Chrysowit. Monitoring populacije zlatokraja je analiziran tijekom 2014. i 2015. godine sa po dva mjerenja. Za Šumariju Novi Travnik utvrđeno je da je broj ulovljenih jedinki zlatokraja u 2015. godini znatno manji u odnosu na 2014 godinu. Za Šumariju Travnik i Kreševo je broj ulovljenih jedinki zlatokraja u 2015 godini znatno veći u odnosu na 2014 godinu. Prosječan broj ulovljenih jedinki na lokalitetima istraživanja kretao se od 1,68 do 22,39 jedinki.
Stručno osposobljavanje radnika u sektoru šumarstva – stanje u Hrvatskoj i trendovi u Europi
Authors: Landekić Matija , Šporčić Mario , Ricart Rosa M. , Bakarić Matija , Martinić Ivan
Published: August 2018

U radu se razmatraju ključna pitanja osposobljavanja radnika za siguran rad u operativnom šumarstvu kao temeljnom uvjetu kvalitete i ekonomičnosti rada u šumarskoj proizvodnji. U osvrtu na stanje osposobljavanja u razvijenim europskih zemljama navode se obveze poslodavaca vezano za odgovarajuće osposobljavanje rukovatelja strojeva, uređaja i alata pri izvođenju šumskih radova. Pritom se prikazuju pristupi i trendovi u osposobljavanju u posljednjem desetljeću te modeli i postignuti dosezi s posebnim naglaskom na do sada razvijene sustave certificiranja osposobljavanja u Europi i ključne elemente takvih sustava. Kao primjer uspješnih rješenja prikazuju se modeli osposobljavanja putem šumarskih trening centara, gdje se obukom stečena znanja i vještine potvrđuju obveznom provjerom i izdavanjem certifikata. Stanje stručnog osposobljavanja šumskih radnika u Hrvatskoj razmatra se u kontekstu moguće primjene pojedinih europskih sustava certificiranja šumskog rada u Hrvatskoj. S obzirom na potrebe, postojeće stanje osposobljavanja i profil ključnih aktera šumarskog sektora Hrvatske, kao najizglednijom za skoru primjenu u Hrvatskoj, ocjenjuje se provedba europskog standarda za rukovatelja motornom pilom. Zaključno se daje pregled zakonodavnih i organizacijskih zahtjeva za primjenu do sada razvijenih europskih modela u izgradnji sustava certifikacije osposobljavanja šumskih radnika u Hrvatskoj.
O utjecaju pojedinih parametara ložišta izvedenih iz Rothermelovog modela ravnoteže toplinske energije na stopu širenja požara
Authors: Rossa Carlos G. , Fernandes Paulo M.
Published: August 2018

Analizirana je uloga pojedinih svojstava ložišta u stopi širenja šumskog požara, na temelju ravnoteže toplinske energije, iz koje je razvijen poznati Rothermelov model širenja požara (1972), pokazujući da niti visina ložišta, jednako kao ni količina i gustoća ne utječu izravno na ravnotežu toplinske energije. Utjecaj tih parametara, često izvedenih iz empirijskih opisa stope širenja, nužno proizlazi iz neizravnih utjecaja na mehanizme prijenosa topline. Udio topline prenesen iz plamena na nesagorijelo gorivo, pretežno ovisi o sadržaju vlage u gorivu te je neovisan od stope širenja te oblika plamena. S obzirom na to da empirijski modeli uglavnom impliciraju mehanizme širenja požara u opisivanju njegovog ponašanja, rezultati ove studije mogu biti od pomoći u osmišljavanju i ocrtavanju budućih eksperimenata i pristupa.
Perfil das mulheres com câncer de mama no município de Santo Ângelo (RS), Brasil
Authors: Portela Peruzzi Caroline , Volkmer Caroline , Anjos Colombo Gabriela , Fensterseifer Maria De Fátima , Simon Alencastro Rita Simone , Medeiros Andrade Vera Regina , Vieira Soares Narciso
Published: August 2018

O câncer da mama é o mais incidente entre as mulheres no mundo, tanto em países em desenvolvimento quanto em países desenvolvidos. O objetivo foi identificar o perfil das mulheres com diagnóstico de câncer de mama no Município de Santo Ângelo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Realizou-se uma pesquisa observacional, descritiva com uma abordagem quantitativa com 30 pacientes do Sistema Único de Saúde, em tratamento para câncer de mama, selecionadas por acessibilidade, na farmácia da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do Município de Santo Ângelo, Rio Grande do Sul, no momento da retirada de medicamentos, julho a dezembro de 2014. A idade média, no momento do diagnóstico, foi de 51,2 anos (DP=8,73), variando de 38 a 73 anos de idade.  Foi observado que 80% das mulheres estavam na faixa etária acima de 50 anos de idade, 46,67% eram casadas, a maioria (56,67%) relatou trabalhos domésticos como ocupação, (73,33%) teve um ou mais filhos e (70%) amamentou em algum momento da vida. Sessenta por cento das mulheres relataram histórico familiar de câncer de mama. Conforme os fatores de risco, 26,67% das mulheres eram fumantes e 16,67% relataram outros fatores (álcool, obesidade, trauma, estresse) junto com o tabaco. Concluímos que o perfil das mulheres com câncer de mama é idade entre 38 a 73 anos de idade, com história familiar de câncer de mama e a maioria não apresentou outros fatores de risco como álcool, obesidade, trauma, estresse. Esses dados são importantes para definir a política de saúde pública na região.

Palavras-chave: Neoplasias da Mama; Sistema Único de Saúde; Saúde Pública.
Programa de desarrollo académico para alumnos de primer año.
Authors: Gómez Bernardo , Donoso Lidia , Dominguez Paula , Silva María Gabriela , Navea Dagoberto , Monardez Marta , Silva Angélica
Published: August 2018

An increasing number of students is going on to higher education in Chile. Outstanding among these are young people from less well-to-do economic sectors who -at a notorious disadvantage-must compete with their fellow students from wealthier income levels. This undermines their possibilities of completing their studies. However, these young people represent the system's capability to promote social mobility. Consequently, higher education establishments need to provide them with special attention and support. Identifying these young people by means of vulnerability indicators such as the one proposed -in addition to carrying out specific actions for their protection- brings in to the University the idea of equality and favors their retention, promotes social mobility and the development of the country
Desarrollo y acreditación de las maestrías en administración de empresas.
Authors: Ibañez Andrés
Published: August 2018

El creciente interés por cursar estudios de posgrado en administración de empresas en nuestro país y en el mundo, junto con la cada vez mayor oferta de universidades y escuelas de negocios para responder a dicha demanda, hacen necesario identificar los objetivos de estas maestrías, las variables más relevantes para evaluar su calidad y su comparabilidad, así como conocer los sistemas de acreditación internacional de dichos programas de estudio. La historia académica del máster en administración de empresas es relativamente reciente en Chile, por lo cual es importante considerar la experiencia extranjera en la determinación de la calidad de estos posgrados profesionales, como una manera de orientar a los postulantes en su decisión de invertir su tiempo, recursos y prestigio profesional en una determinada universidad.
Intercambio de alumnos. Una experiencia de internacionalización de la educación
Authors: Alsina Nuria
Published: August 2018

This paper takes up the experience developed by the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (PUC) in international students' exchange. It analyses the effect that this process has had regarding not only the pupils taking part in it, but also the teaching enrichment, due to the presence of foreign visitors. It explains, very briefly, the multiplying effect that has favoured other tasks, as a consequence of the interchange's agreements, and, finally, it points out its evolution through the most relevant statistic data.
Un marco universitario para la Europa del siglo XXI
Authors: Raga José
Published: August 2018

This paper describes the conditions that would help a better interaction among European universities. After an historic summary through the different stages that universities have undergone in the Old Continent, the author insists on going back to its original purposes of understanding and freedom, and he enumerates the characteristics of the interaction frame for the XXIst century's European higher education
Programa Chilecalifica: redes para la articulación de la formación técnica
Authors: Luna Mónica , Astorga Viviana , Téllez M. Angélica , Novoa Jorge
Published: August 2018

La conformación de Redes para la Articulación de la Formación Técnica es una de las estrategias definidas por Chilecalifica para sentar las bases del Sistema de Formación Permanente y contribuir al mejoramiento de la calidad y pertinencia de la formación de técnicos en sectores definidos como prioritarios por las diferentes regiones. Mediante el financiamiento de proyectos de articulación se espera que estas redes desarrollen propuestas formativas modularizadas, con enfoque de competencias laborales, que articulen los diversos niveles y modalidades de formación técnica y capacitación, reconociendo aprendizajes previos de las personas, con independencia de la forma en que hayan sido adquiridos. El mayor desafío para el éxito de esta estrategia es lograr un cambio cultural en las organizaciones, que permita generar confianzas e interacciones al interior de las redes, potenciando dinámicas de trabajo colaborativas y participativas que persistan en el tiempo.
Evolución de la oferta y matrícula de carreras impartidas por universidades e institutos profesionales en Chile entre 1999 y 2004
Authors: Mena Paula , Rojas Karina
Published: August 2018

Desde hace algún tiempo, el Consejo Superior de Educación (CSE) viene desarrollando una línea de investigación y análisis, cuyo objetivo es caracterizar el sistema de educación superior chileno. Parte de este esfuerzo ha sido posible gracias a la información acumulada a lo largo de los últimos años en la base de datos INDICES1 , la cual constituye, en la actualidad, una fuente esencial de consulta para los interesados en iniciar una descripción sincrónica y diacrónica de las instituciones, programas y usuarios en lo que respecta, por ejemplo, a la distribución geográfica de las alternativas académicas y el uso de las mismas.
Hacia modelos complejos de evaluación de calidad de posgrados
Authors: Matus Teresa , Mascareño Aldo , Kaulino Adriana
Published: August 2018

Investigating the quality of graduate degrees in Social Sciences in Chile is crucial if we consider, among other evidences, the limited number of PhD programs offered. This is a key matter in relation to the three major challenges faced by the country in order to improve development, that is: respond to social inequality, promote educational coverage and quality, and increase investment in the production of knowledge, because this raises an enormous question: How can all this be done with the existing scarcity of human resources and high level programs in Social Sciences?
Mujeres en la alta dirección de educación superior: posibilidades, tensiones y nuevas interrogantes
Authors: Saracostti Mahía
Published: August 2018

This article presents the results of an exploratory study regarding the experiences of women who have reached the top positions in higher education institutions. In line with these findings, power relationships are circumstantial to those of gender, and differential traits of leadership in feminine hand are acknowledged. The prestige system becomes important as an element inherent to the academic and directing career in higher education institutions where, although the standards are similar for men and women, the latter have more difficulty in reaching high positions. Tensions between public and private life appear to be one of the barriers in a womanâ€™s career due to the higher levels of power in these institutions.
Calidad en la educación superior: concepto y modelos.
Authors: González Luis Eduardo , Espinoza Óscar
Published: August 2018

The objective of this article is to understand the quality concept from different points of view. It is known this concept has several approaches in higher education depending on the action field addressed: evaluation processes, management and strategic planning, among others. It provides diverse systemic approaches translating into evaluation models and quality management in higher education, such as: TQM, EFQM, CINDA and MEXA.
Relación profesor-alumno en la universidad: arista fundamental para el aprendizaje.
Authors: Gallardo Gonzalo , Reyes Pablo
Published: August 2018

This study is aimed to identify some features of the relationship among teachers and students that are useful in the learning process. All this according to a survey implemented in students in five programs at Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (PUC) (Architecture, Biology, Education, Engineering and Psychology) that worked with ten focus groups using a qualitative methodology. Students valued and rejected similar features. They expect recognition from their teachers, motivation to learn and fair standards by which teachers do not overuse their power and do a good work. Students considered that a positive teaching relationship provides a good instance to learn, participate and grow.
El nuevo alumno y el desafío de la meritocracia: análisis del cambio cultural en la educación superior chilena.
Authors: Fukushi Kiyoshi
Published: August 2018

This article intends to reflect on the significant change experienced by the Chilean higher education system in recent decades. This discussion does not focus on reviewing the institutional changes and their effects but in relieving the subject that has emerged from this process. It is an individual belonging to this historical moment which assumes the challenge that society offers but also demands its reward, since the opportunities in Chile are not evident. It notes a tension â€“ on one hand the individual who accepts the training supply in order to have a life project guaranteed and on the other hand an elite that has not "openedâ€ the doors to these new actors to play the role they expect. Thus, meritocracy still lies as something unresolved.
La calidad de la formación inicial docente en Chile: la perspectiva de los profesores principiantes.
Authors: Ruffinelli Andrea
Published: August 2018

This article discusses the quality of initial teacher training in Chile according to the results of an online survey applied to 890 beginning primary teachers, graduates from 23 higher education institutions and 232 employers. It considers their comments and opinions and defines differences due to the selectivity of the training programs and the context where teachers begin working. At national level, education quality and teacher performance are in question, however findings show a high satisfaction about education quality. The selectivity of education programs and the working context are differentiated training weaknesses.
Modelo de implementación de Aprendizaje Servicio (A+S) en laUC. Una experiencia que impacta positivamente en la formación profesional integral.
Authors: Jouannet Chantal , Salas María Helena , Contreras María Antonieta
Published: August 2018

This document presents to the academic community the experience of the Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile incorporating the Service Learning methodology (S+L). The description reviews the main methodological characteristics particularly of those pedagogical aspects that makes it a development tool for the disciplinary content learning and the formation of skills, attitudes and values as social engagement, team work and problem resolution. The description also includes the steps teachers and their courses take to implement the methodology. Finally, it presents results obtained by now showing a positive impact on the main stakeholders: students, teachers and community partners.
Rediseño curricular en la Universidad de Concepción: la experiencia de las carreras de formación inicial docente
Authors: Cisterna Cecilia , Soto Valentina , Rojas Constanza
Published: August 2018

El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir y analizar la experiencia de rediseño curricular de las 19 carreras de pedagogía en la Universidad de Concepción. Este proceso se realizó gracias a un Convenio de Desempeño en el ámbito de formación de profesores, suscrito entre la universidad y el Ministerio de Educación de Chile. En el primer apartado, se detalla el contexto en el cual se realizó el rediseño: las transformaciones en la formación universitaria, la introducción del concepto de competencias y resultados de aprendizaje, así como los desafíos de la formación inicial docente. En el segundo apartado, se presenta la experiencia de rediseño curricular a partir de antecedentes que permiten comprender su origen y desarrollo, y luego se describen las fases del rediseño, relevando tanto el proceso como los resultados. Finalmente, se analizan las principales innovaciones en tres aspectos (legales o administrativos, institucionales y de docencia) relacionándolas con la experiencia del rediseño curricular.
La educación técnico profesional y las competencias para la ciudadanía. el caso de las comunas de la Provincia de Concepción, Chile
Authors: Carrillo Olga , Jurado Pedro
Published: August 2018

This study addresses the theme of civic competencies in technical professional secondary education in the municipalities of Concepción Province, Chile. The objectives are focused on analyzing the level of achievement with regards to the students' civic competencies in this educational modality, as well as analyzing the student's perceived importance of said competencies. The sequential explanatory model was used. The sample was non-probabilistic (n = 422) and, in the qualitative portion, a selection criteria for the informants was established (n = 34: 17 teachers and 17 students). The instruments used for the data collection were a questionnaire about self-perception of civic competencies and a semi-structured interview. The results of this investigation demonstrate that the students possess a high self-perception of their civic competencies (M = 3.34). This is complemented by the analysis of the interviews, where it is evidenced that the acquisition of these competencies is linked, on the one hand, to the development of the curriculum in this educational modality, which includes company internships, and, on the other hand, by the students' conduct and characteristics.
La primavera chilena: ni conservadora ni revolucionaria. Una explicación sociológica del significado histórico del movimiento universitario chileno del año 2011
Authors: Labraña Julio
Published: August 2018

The Chilean university movement of 2011 has been well-covered and analyzed in the specialized literature. This article analyzes its historical evolution and proposes a sociological explanation for the changes in the themes of its demands, since its origins in beginning of the 20th century to its current emphasis on education which is free, of quality and public. Historical demands, such as the political role of Chilean universities, have become less important in comparison to demands for equal access to higher education, due to its role in social mobility. It is suggested that these transformations result from immediate factors, such as changes in the composition of Chilean universities, their institutional characteristics and the dominant political discourse, and global trends regarding contemporary universities, such as the increasing importance of equity in higher education and the mission attributed to the universities in advancing objectives of social mobility.
Divergence insufficiency alleviated by posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty in a patient with Chiari type 1.5 malformation
Authors: Strickland Allison , Baker Cordell M. , Siatkowski R. Michael , Mapstone Timothy B.
Published: August 2018

The authors present a case of Chiari type 1.5 malformation with the uncommon presenting symptoms of esotropia and diplopia due to divergence insufficiency in a 12-year-old girl. Imaging at initial diagnosis revealed cerebellar herniation with extension of the tonsils to the C2 vertebral body, a retroflexed odontoid, and a small cervical syrinx. The patient was initially treated with an uncomplicated Chiari malformation decompression without dural opening. Repeat imaging revealed an adequate decompression. Three months postoperatively the patient’s diplopia recurred and she underwent repeat posterior fossa decompression with dural opening and duraplasty. Following repeat decompression with dural opening and duraplasty, the patient’s diplopia had not recurred by the 2-year follow-up.

https://thejns.org/doi/abs/10.3171/2018.5.PEDS1886
“Pastillas para la tensión”. La repercusión de la familia en el adolescente
Authors: Gómez Sánchez S. , Sevillano Benito I. , Hernández Antón R. , Geijo Uribe S. , Mongil López Beatriz , De Uribe Ladrón de Cegama F.
Published: August 2018

Las relaciones padre/cuidador y niño son fundamentales y tienen un impacto significativo sobre la salud de los individuos. Estas relaciones pueden tener efectos en la protección de la salud, ser neutras o tener resultados perjudiciales. En casos extremos, estas relaciones pueden incluir maltrato o abandono, lo que tendrá consecuencias médicas y psicológicas para el individuo (1).

Estas relaciones pueden llamar la atención clínica por ser el motivo de consulta del individuo o por ser un problema que afecte al curso, pronóstico o tratamiento de otro trastorno.

Presentamos el caso clínico de una paciente que ingresa en la Unidad de Psiquiatría Infanto-Juvenil con la finalidad de suspender la medicación antipsicótica con la que lleva 8 años y la valoración de la sintomatología durante el proceso, tras el fracaso de los intentos de retirada de forma ambulatoria. En la discusión exponemos las patologías psiquiátricas relacionadas con la familia y el caso.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF GEOLOGICAL DATA AT HYDRAULIC FRACTURING PLANNING
Authors: Rudko G. I. , Staroselskyi Ye. M. , Marmalevskyi N. Ya. , Tipusiak V. O. , Avakian E. R.
Published: August 2018

Scientific and methodological aspects of the development of oil and gas fields at the use of hydraulic fracturing have been considered. The causes of unsatisfactory results at hydraulic fracturing, and also factors to be taken into account when choosing a well and a bed for hydraulic fracturing have been analyzed. It has been established that geological factors (in-place permeability, skin-factor, bed formation pressure, bed formation litho­logy, thickness, mechanical reservoir characteristics etc.) at hydraulic fracturing planning have a main impact on the hydraulic fracturing efficiency, and the errors introduced at the study of these factors are predetermined either by the insufficient study of collecting and host properties of the bed formation, or by the insufficient study of a trap.
Improvement of Transient Stability Margin in RES Based Power Systems Using STATCOM
Authors: Gandhar A. , Gupta S. , Gandhar S.
Published: August 2018

Renewable energy sources (RES), one of the most prominent energy sources, are also gaining significant popularity around the globe. RES based energy systems designed with asynchronous generators with constant speed yield a very cost effective solution for power generation and nowadays are generally used to represent the renewable energy sources in power systems. These asynchronous generators used to consume reactive VARs. For the compensation of these consumable reactive VARs, shunt condensers can be inserted in the system, but these devices usually display very poor results during the transient behaviour of the system. Therefore, powerful and continuous reactive power controllers, such as Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS), are necessary in these cases. In the present paper, the increment in the stability margin of power systems during the transient turbulences with integrated RES generation using the Static VAR Compensator (STATCOM) is investigated. The RES generators considered are the squirrel cage induction generators (SCIG). Simulation studies are carried out on the IEEE-9 bus design system. Studied results prove that the SCIG with STATCOM device significantly enhances the performance of the designed power network during transient disturbances.
Evaluation of Physico-chemical Characteristics of Ganga Canal at Haridwar
Authors: Kamboj Nitin , Aswal Ravinder Singh , Singh Prashant , Dobhal Rajendra
Published: August 2018

Ganga Canal is being used for ritual bathing, washing of clothes, domestic needs and irrigational purposes. These activities are leading to degradation in its water quality day by day and thus, month by month and site by site. In order to assess the monthly and spatial variations, water samples of Ganga Canal from its origin to exit point at Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India were assessed for physico-chemical water quality characteristics. These water samples were collected from five sampling sites namely Bhimgoda Barrage, Haridwar (origin point); Premnagar Ashram Ghat, Haridwar; Pathari Power Plant, Bahadrabad; Rail Bridge, Roorkee and Uttam Sugar Mill Limited, Narsan (exit point). Total 15 water quality characteristics namely pH, EC, TDS, turbidity, total hardness, alkalinity, bicarbonate, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, fluoride, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium were analyzed on monthly basis from March, 2014 to August, 2014. The values of turbidity and fluoride in analyzed water samples exceeded their respective permissible limits as per Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), 2012 specifications. Magnesium was detected more than its desirable limit at three study sites namely S-3, S-4 and S-5. Moreover, the water quality assessment of Ganga Canal was found to be excellent for irrigation purpose with respect to three irrigation water quality parameters viz. Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) and Sodium Percent (Na%). The results emphasized need of regular assessment and proper monitoring of Ganga Canal water for maintaining its water quality and subsequently, health of local population along with millions of tourists and pilgrims at Haridwar.
Grip strength measured by manual muscle testing lacks diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Bohannon Richard W.
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND:

The diagnostic accuracy of manual muscle testing (MMT) has been examined- but not for grip strength.

OBJECTIVE:

Determine the diagnostic accuracy of MMT relative to grip dynamometry for identifying patients with weak grip strength.

METHODS:

This study involved the secondary analysis of grip strength data obtained from 61 patients managed in a home care setting. The concordance between weakness identified using MMT and grip dynamometry was examined.

RESULTS:

The agreement between MMT and dynamometry was about 70%. Kappa suggested fair agreement beyond chance. Sensitivity and specificity ranged from 66.7 to 73.4 percent.

CONCLUSIONS:

Grip strength measured using MMT lacks sufficient diagnostic accuracy to advocate its use – at least with patients seen in a home setting.
Adaptive Feedforward Control for Gust-Induced Aeroelastic Vibrations
Authors: Wang Yongzhi , Da Ronch Andrea , Ghandchi Tehrani Maryam
Published: August 2018

This paper demonstrates the implementation of an adaptive feedforward controller to reduce structural vibrations on a wing typical section. The aeroelastic model includes a structural nonlinearity, which is modelled in a polynomial form. Aeroelastic vibrations are induced by several gusts and atmospheric turbulence, including the discrete “one-minus-cosine” and a notably good approximation in the time-domain to the von Kármán spectrum. The control strategy based on the adaptive feedforward controller has several advantages compared to the standard feedback controller. The controller gains, which are updated in real-time during the gust encounter, are found solving a minimization problem using the finite impulse responses as basis functions. To make progress with the application in aeroelasticity, a single-input single-output controller is designed measuring the wing torsional deformation. For both deterministic and random atmospheric shapes, the controller was found successful in alleviating the aeroelastic vibrations. The impact of the control action on the unmeasured structural modes was found minimal.