bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Innovation on Start-Up Failure vs. its Success
Authors: Aminova Munira , Marchi Edoardo
Published: February 2021

It is evidenced that approximately 90% of startups businesses fail. This paper investigates key variables that affect startups performance and contribute to their survival. The impact of innovative strategies such as new products, new markets, new ideas, and patents is thoroughly analyzed. The paper uses the database of ZEW with 60.000 observations for 7 years (2007-2016). The study uses quantitative research methods. The results show that innovation is positively correlated to startups’ performance. Variables such as investment, industry, start-up size, founder’s education, and employees’ educational level have affected startups’ innovations and have contributed to improving their performance. On the other hand, there was no correlation between start-ups’ incubators and performance.
Waqf based Islamic Fintech Model for Agriculture Sector of Indonesia
Authors: Bilal Khan Mohammad , Ahmad Ghafoorzai Shaiq , Patel Ibadurrehman , Mohammed Shehbaz Damkar
Published: February 2021

This study addresses major challenges and financial problems faced by Indonesian farmers.  Inadequate level of working capital and inability to access funding sources constitute major constraints to the agricultural sector. It proposes a new financing solution: the waqf based Islamic fintech model to fund farmers’ long-term and short-term projects. The study is based on a qualitative approach. The study concludes to important recommendations. The adoption of an integrated Waqf based Islamic fintech model, which provides halal financing alleviates Indonesian farmers' problems in rural areas.
Supporting Teachers for Computer Science Reform: Lessons from over 20,000 Students in Chicago
Authors:   The Learning Partnership, Boda Phillip , McGee Steven ,   The Learning Partnership
Published: February 2021

As K12 computer science education is expanding nationwide, school districts are challenged to find qualified computer science teachers. It will take many years for schools of education to produce a sufficient number of certified computer science teachers to meet the demand. In the interim courses like Exploring Computer Science (ECS) can fill the gap. ECS is designed to provide a robust introduction to computer science and the accompanying professional development is structured such that a college level understanding of computer science is not required. This brief summarizes research with 20,000 Chicago Public Schools high school students and their teachers to test the claim that the ECS professional development can provide an adequate preparation for teaching ECS. The results provide strong evidence that full completion of the ECS professional development program by teachers from any discipline leads to much higher student outcomes, independent of whether a teacher is certified in computer science.
Hipoacusia infantil: Comunicar malas noticias
Authors: Carro Fernández Pilar
Published: February 2021

En los últimos años, la puesta en marcha de programas de cribado neonatal para la hipoacusia ha marcado un hito en el campo de la audiología. Antes, cuando no existía la detección precoz, la familia tenía tiempo para comenzar a sospechar que la audición de su hijo no era normal y después de la sospecha se gestaba la confirmación del diagnóstico de hipoacusia. En la actualidad las pruebas audiológicas nos permiten acceder al diagnóstico sin pasar por estas etapas previas y la sordera irrumpe generalmente de forma inesperada. La comunicación a los padres del diagnóstico de sordera en el hijo debe realizarse con sumo cuidado. Si nos formamos en estrategias de comunicación podremos mejorar la eficacia del mensaje que queremos transmitir. Hay que evitar sentimientos de culpabilidad, mostrar comprensión y fomentar la aparición de actitudes constructivas para afrontar el problema. Sólo cuando los padres entiendan lo que es la sordera, cuando conozcan sus repercusiones y acepten las limitaciones, sólo en ese momento podrán afrontar el problema de forma apropiada.
BAHASA REGISTER PENGAMEN
Authors: Nurlaili Dina Hafni
Published: February 2021

Bahasa merupakan cara manusia untuk berinteraksi dengan manusia lainnya. Bahasa merupakan suatu sistem tanda yang paling penting dalam proses komunikasi. Perkembangan bahasa yang searah dengan perkembangan kehidupan manusia diabad modern menunjukkan fenomena yang berubah ubah antara lain dibuktikan dengan penggunan bahasa sebagai alat tertentu yang dikenal dengan variasi bahasa seperti variasi jargon, slang dan register.

Bentuk bahasa pendahuluan dalam aktivitas mengamen dalam bus meliputi mengucapkan salam (salam umum berkaitan waktu, salam umum pertemuan, salam kegiatan khusus temu kenal, salam kegiatan khusus keagamaan). Selain mengucapkan salam, bentuk tuturan pendahuluan yang lain adalah mengucapkan permohonan maaf dan menyampaikan harapan. Bentuk bahasa penutup dalam aktivitas mengamen dalam bus meliputi mengucapkan salam (salam umum berkaitan waktu, salam umum perpisahan, salam kegiatan khusus perpisahan, salam kegiatan khusus keagamaan). Selain salam, pengamen juga menyampaikan ucapan terima kasih, ucapan permohonan maaf, menyampaikan harapan, dan menyampaiakan himbauan dalam aktivitas mengamennya.
STRATEGI PENDIDIKAN NILAI DALAM MEMBENTUK KARAKTER PESERTA DIDIK DI MI MATHOLIBUL HUDA JENGGOLO JENU TUBAN
Authors: Siti Nurjanah
Published: February 2021

The reality of children today tends to be far from positive values, family education is the first and foremost education in instilling values ​​to children, but school is a vital place that has an important role to introduce and instill values ​​to children so as to shape the character in the child. So this study aims to determine the value of education strategies in shaping the character of learners in MI Matholibul Huda jenggolo Jenu Tuban.

This research is included in descriptive qualitative research which is intended to understand what phenomena experienced by research subjects. The results showed that the strategy of values ​​education in shaping the character of children is as follows first, exemplary strategy; second, advice (traditional); third, Knowing the good strategy; fourth, habituation strategy; fifth, the strategy of feeling and loving the good (feel good). While the impact of value education on the character of the child that includes: honest, discipline, responsibility, hard work, independent, creative, confident, religious, compassionate, appreciate Achievement, friendly / communicative, healthy lifestyle, courage, social care, and polite
THE CONTENT OF NATURE FOUND IN WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE’S KING LEAR
Authors: Ali Fauzi
Published: February 2021

Drama is a literary work in which it reflects the activities of human beings and the surrounding life. It delineates life and human activity by means of presenting various actions of-and dialogues between-a group of characters.  It also uses natural mimetic in form of symbolic nature of dramatic character and looks that nature becomes a part of subject matter which is quiet close to the action of men. The background of Shakespeare’s King Lear is the nature or the universe itself. Shakespeare uses the instrument of nature, the product of nature wholly and the hierarchy of the society combined with the medieval and old mythology to be the materials of his play. He uses the existence of nature to be interrelated with the parts, the naturalistic phenomena and with human beings and their life problems. The whole universe or nature is the cosmic system in which human beings form the system of social structure and live in harmony with other system where every element in the cosmos has its meaning only in relation to the other parts Therefore, it attracted Shakespeare so much to interpret the image of the cosmic system and its parts that the content of nature is richly found in the play. The content of nature consists of Cosmos including microcosm (a man, an animal-birds, a fox, an ape, an ass, wolves, a bull- a fiend and a sea monster, a Stock, a castle, a heath and hovel, clothes, music and medicine, a wheel) and macrocosm (a sun, a moon and other orbs, a storm, a rain, a thunder and lighting, an earth, an air, a fire and water, the insane, the death, the hell and the heaven).
PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER MELALUI PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM
Authors: Fathul Amin
Published: February 2021

This research talks about “The Role of Education of Islam at School to Form the Characters of Students”. Islamic Education (PAI) is one of the parts of the main character. Character education will develop well if it is started from giving the foundation of character of diversity to the students. That’s why, the material of Islamic education (PAI) at school becomes one of the supporters in character education. By the learning of PAI, students are taught “aqidah” as a basic of religy.  The students are taught Al-Quran dan hadis as the guidance of life, fiqih as the regulation of law in doing good deeds, sejarah Islam as an example of life, and akhlak as a guideline of human being behavior to know the category of goodness and badness. Therefore, the main intention of Islamic education (PAI) learning is to form positive personality and character of students reflected from their behaviors and their way of thinking in the daily life. Aside from it, one of the success of Islamic education (PAI) learning at schools is also decided by the implementation of good method of learning.
RELASI BUDAYA DALAM PENYEBARAN ISLAM DI BUMI WALI TUBAN
Authors: Jamal Ghofir
Published: February 2021

Tuban As a coastal area has become an important area for all the development of the archipelago's culture. This is partly due to the location of Tuban as a large port in the northern coastal area which is the main route for the entry of all outside cultures in the interior. So that the process of the spread of culture, especially Islam (Middle East), is in Indonesia, so the city of Tuban becomes important to study as the location of the beginning of the cultural scene.
SHALAT JAMA’AH MEMUPUK NILAI SOLIDARITAS
Authors: Saiful Huda
Published: February 2021

The quality of formal education institutions in Indonesia has been questioned again in effectiveness as more and more cases of fights are heard among students. Conversely, from behind the world of education Islamic boarding schools hardly heard the same case. Of course this is very interesting to study more deeply because surely in the system and method of Islamic boarding schools there are educational materials that are able to form a noble character.The success of Islamic boarding schools to print students who are moral and virtuous cannot be separated from one aspect of the educational material of Islamic boarding schools in the form of congregational prayers performed by santri sincerely. Prayer jama'ah and the aurad reading afterwards diistiqam together together every five times a day and have a very significant role in shaping the mentality of the child has a soul of high solidarity.The momentum of togetherness in congregational prayer is like a therapy. Jama'ah prayer can foster an atmosphere that freezes into liquid. Through this "therapy" each individual establishes verbal and non verbal communication. They coexist and touch each other, so that they can avoid feeling alienated.The superiority of the congregational prayer in fostering the value of the solidarity of the people lies in the process of discipline regulating and straightening the shaf or rows of congregational prayer. If a group of people are accustomed to performing prayers in congregation with good prayers, then this condition will naturally encourage a strong sense of community or solidarity among them. Conversely, if their shaf is not good, of course it also affects the reduced value of solidarity. Especially for those who do not perform congregational prayer.
PERAN PEREMPUAN DALAM PENDIDIKAN PERSPEKTIF M. QURAISH SHIHAB
Authors: Moh. Afif
Published: February 2021

Pendidikan merupakan salah satu faktor yang penting dalam pembangunan sumber daya manusia. Meningkatkan sumber daya kaum perempuan hanya bisa dilakukan dengan penyadaran bahwa mereka harus berpendidikan. Perempuan perlu diberikan kesempatan pendidikan yang sempurna tanpa ada lagi perbedaan pendidikan berdasarkan jenis kelamin. Perempuan memiliki peran yang sangat besar dalam berbagai lini kehidupan sehingga harus benar-benar di persiapkan dan di bekali dengan pendidikan.

Namun melihat fakta sejarah bahwa pendidikan merupakan hal yang hanya layak bagi salah satu jenis kelamin manusia (laki-laki). Perlu diakui bahwa peran perempuan sampai hari ini belum teroptimalisasikan.

penelitian ini tergolong library research (studi kepustakaan) dengan pendekatan filosofis. Data sekunder dan primer dianalisa dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik, artinya menggambarkan seluruh teori tentang sejerah perempuan. Sedangkan analisis data yang dipakai adalah analisis tafsir.

Hasil temuan dalam penelitian ini adalah, Seluruh umat manusia adalah makhluk Tuhan yang satu, memiliki derajat yang sama, apapun latar belakang kulturnya, dan memiliki penghargaan yang sama yang harus dihormati dan dimuliakan.  Maka, diskriminasi yang berlandaskan pada perbedaan jenis kelamin, warna kulit, kelas, ras, suku, agama tidak dibenarkan dalam islam. Hanya tingkat ketaqwaan kepada Allah yang menjadi ukuran perbedaan.
ANALISA PENDIDIKAN PESANTREN DAN PERANNYA TERHADAP PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Fathul Amin
Published: February 2021

Pesantren is a unique educational institution. Not only because of its very long existence, but also  because  of  the  culture,  methods,  and  networks  applied  by  the institution. Therefore, many studies have been conducted from different perspectives, especially in the terms of periodization of its history. However, the study appears to be so broad and described in general while correlating with the role and its progress involved. On this basis, this research report will examine deeper in the role of pesantren education in the context of Islamic education. This present study aims at identifying the role of Islamic boarding schools as Islamic educational Institution. This study employs a qualitative approach and literature study method. Based on the results of the study, Islamic boarding schools in fact provides the process of teaching, educating, developing, and spreading the religion of Islam. In relation to the objectives of Islamic boarding schools, it in principle aims to develop Islamic personality, specifically the personality that put more concern on the believing and consciousness of Allah, noble character, piety, usefulness and loyalty to the community, and being a custodian of all humankinds (khadim al-ummaħ).
PEMBAHASAN FIQIH WANITA DALAM PERSPEKTIF MAŻHAB SYAFI’IY DI PONDOK PESANTREN
Authors: Shofiyullahul Kahfi  , Yudi Arianto
Published: February 2021

Ada begitu banyak alasan mengapa dibutuhkan kajian khusus tentang fiqih wanita. Salah satunya yaitu karena Allah SWT menciptakan wanita berbeda dengan laki-laki, baik secara fisik maupun psikis. Dan pada akhirnya syariat atau hukum-hukum yang  Allah SWT turunkan kepada manusia juga banyak yang berbeda antara wanita dan laki-laki. Misalnya dalam permasalahan wanita saat menjadi saksi, dimana ketika seorang wanita menjadi saksi maka kesaksian tersebut dalam fiqih harus diperkuat dengan wanita lainnya. Sehingga jika wanita menjadi saksi dalam fiqih maka setidaknya dibutuhkan minimal dua wanita sebagai saksi, Itulah satu diantara sekian banyak alasan, begitu juga wanita secara psikis memang tidak bisa disamakan dengan psikis atau kejiwaan laki-laki. Hal tersebut menjadikan dalam Fiqih psikis wanita dan laki-laki mempunyai peran serta fungsi yang sangat berbeda dari keduanya. Dan dalam lingkup Mażhab Sya>fi’iy yang kita anut di Indonesia, ada beberapa rangkaian hukum yang khusus berlaku bagi wanita, yang perlu dibahas secara detail oleh para santri khususnya pembahasan di Pondok Pesantren.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA NILAI SIKAP DENGAN PRESTASI AKADEMIK PADA MATA PELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM
Authors: Akhmad Zaini  , Darwan Setyono
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan hubungan antara nilai sikap dengan prestasi akademik  mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam  (PAI) pada siswa kelas IX-B SMP Negeri 2 Kerek Kabupaten Tuban Tahun Pelajaran 2019-2020. Latar belakang penelitian ini didasarkan pada pemikiran bahwa apakah setiap siswa yang memiliki nilai tinggi pada aspek sikap akan memiliki nilai yang tinggi pula pada prestasi akademiknya, demikian pula sebaliknya. Untuk itu secara rinci tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) mengetahui nilai sikap siswa, (2) mengetahui prestasi akademik siswa, (3) menjelaskan hubungan  nilai sikap dengan prestasi akademik siswa dalam mata pelajaran PAI, dan (4) menjelaskan besarnya hubungan nilai sikap siswa dengan prestasi akademiknya. Berdasarkan jenis datanya, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, sedangkan berdasarkan perlakuan pada subjek penelitiannya menggunakan metode ex post facto. Selanjutnya, data penelitian dikumpulkan menggunakan metode dokumentasi, dialnjutkan dengan uji normalitas data menggunakan Uji Normalitas Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Kemudian, data dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis data statistik bivariate correlation, yaitu teknik Korelasi Product Moment. Sementara itu, untuk mengetahui seberapa besar tingkat signifikansi hubungannya, dilakukan analisis data lanjutan berupa uji signifikansi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara nilai sikap dengan prestasi akademik siswa dalam mata pelajaran PAI pada siswa kelas IX-B SMP Negeri 2 Kerek Kabupaten Tuban Tahun Pelajaran 2019-2020 dengan uji dua ekor (two tailed test) pada taraf signifikansi atau alpha (α) 5%. Besarnya korelasi atau hubungan kedua variabelnya ditemukan pada angka 0,548. Selanjutnya, berdasarkan uji signifikansi pada alpha (α) 5% didapatkan angka sebesar 1,565,  sedangkan t tabel memiliki nilai angka sebesar 2,086. Hal ini memberikan implikasi bahwa meskipun terdapat korelasi antara nilai sikap dengan prestasi akademik, namun hubungan tersebut berada pada derajat yang tidak signifikan pada taraf signifikansi atau alpha (α) 5%.
TEACHING ENGLISH AS A LOCAL CONTENT IN THE FOURTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SDN BOGOREJO MERAKURAK TUBAN
Authors: Ali Fauzi
Published: February 2021

English is an international language used by the people all over the world, therefore to master English-speaking, writing, reading and listening especially for educated people is a must. Knowing this, Indonesian government prepares early and declares that English should be taught as compulsory local content subject in the Elementary school. It is good idea because very young children are easily able to understand English. The government introduces English as a compulsory local content subject taught since they are in the Elementary school throughout Indonesia in order that after they graduate from Elementary school, they then continue to learn it until they graduate from University and have the mentioned skills.

That is why, the researcher is interested in conducting the English teaching research at SDN Bogorejo Merakurak Tuban by choosing the title “Teaching English as a Local Content in the Fourth Grade Students of SDN Bogorejo Merakurak Tuban. The researcher wants to know and describes how she teaches them, what she does, what materials she prepares, and what is the students attitude towards the teaching of English. The result of this study is expected to be able to give an important contribution on the development of teaching English strategy that can support the development of teaching and learning English.  

This research is qualitative research in form of case study. The researcher takes only one class-the fourth class students of SDN Bogorejo Merakurak Tuban as the object of research. The approach of the research is phenomenological approach in which the researcher observes and interprets the facts based on  the phenomena in the classroom during the teaching of English although it is may be subjective.  The researcher also finds the data from many literatures to get theory and and principle as the secondary data used as a means of analyzing it. The method of research he uses is descriptive-qualitative which means that he just describes his finding on the teaching of English. The subject of the research is the students of four class of SDN Bogorejo Merakurak Tuban and the number of it is 24 students.

The result of the research is that teacher at SDN Bogorejo Merakurak Tuban has taught the students successfully. The Researcher does the research since the students get into the classroom and study through the model of Luring since the first week of September 2020. The teacher prepares the material well and applied many kinds of strategy to motivate students to learn English diligently.  After studying English, the students now become so enthusiastic that they study by themselves at home because of their own will.
Pembelajaran Afeksi
Authors: Misbahul Munir
Published: February 2021

In school learning; In addition aspects of intellectual formation to shape the intelligence of learners and the formation of skills to develop competence, so the learners must have motoric skills, then the attitudes of learners is an aspect that is not less important.

               The process of education is not only forming intelligence or providing certain skills, but also establish and develop attitudes so that children have an accordance with the norms prevailing in society.

               Affective learning is related to value, which is difficult to measure because it involves awareness of someone who grows from within. This is not easy in the planting so it takes a serious and continuous effort both in school and when under the supervision of parents at home.

Because of the importance of affective learning it is a necessity for educators to be more intensive in its implementation and do not consider if the affective learning does not include interests in making students as a superior generation who will live in the future and ready in all of challenges
La identidad visual digital de la marca corporativa: Una investigación con neuromarketing en jóvenes de España y Portugal
Authors: Mañas-Viniegra Luis , Santos-Silva Dora , Liberal Ormaechea Sheila
Published: February 2021

El auge de las redes sociales y la comunicación de las marcas en medios digitales ha provocado una actualización de la identidad visual corporativa de las grandes marcas, incluyendo las de sectores tradicionales, en los que la cultura corporativa, en términos generales, se encuentra muy arraigada y es más reticente a los cambios. Los logos en dos dimensiones que simulan un volumen y una profundidad propia de las tres dimensiones, se han simplificado y se han vuelto planos para una mejor inclusión en los diferentes soportes digitales, de modo que mejore su legibilidad y reflejen mejor los valores actuales del propósito de marca. El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar el procesamiento cognitivo de los jóvenes universitarios de los logos tradicionales de las marcas con respecto a los actuales, sencillos y planos, en dos dimensiones. Las técnicas de neuromarketing utilizadas son el eye-tracking para medir la atención y la respuesta galvánica de la piel (GSR) para medir la emoción mostrada por los públicos. La principal conclusión es que los jóvenes muestran más atención y emoción hacia los logos planos y de líneas sencillas, más integrados en los soportes digitales.
Mapping Global Youth and Religion. Big Data As Lens to Envision a Sustainable Development Future
Authors: Micó-Sanz Josep-Lluís , Diez-Bosch Miriam , Sabaté-Gauxachs Alba , Israel-Turim Verónica
Published: February 2021

Having fun and buying goods. For the young people of the world between 18 and 25, these are their main concerns on social media, as demonstrated by this study, which aims to identify the interests of global youth and also to unveil religion’s place in this generation (Lim and Parker, 2020; Tilleczek and Campbell, 2019). The role of values and education among them (Zamora-Polo et al., 2020), and the influencers and social leaders they follow are also included among the results of this research, which also plans to discern their potential alignment with the challenges of the Sustainable Development Goals. For this purpose, more than 540 million Facebook and Instagram profiles have been analyzed using social listening (Couldry, 2006) through a Big Data based methodology. The results are new values (Kimball, 2019) and new ways to envisage religion, and depict an evolving landscape with change, culture and consumption pointing the way.

Keywords: big data, religion, youth, social media, sustainable development goals.
Oscar Is a Man: Sexism and the Academy Awards
Authors: Grout Kenneth , Eagan Owen
Published: February 2021

This study analyzes the implicit bias of the Academy Awards and Oscar’s historic lack of gender equity. While there are awards for Best Actor and Actress, a comparative analysis of these awards and the Best Picture prize reveals that a man is more than twice as likely as a woman to receive an Oscar for leading work in a Best Picture. A man is also nearly twice as likely to be nominated as a leading performer in a Best Picture winner. Supporting women in Best Pictures fare a bit better with actual trophies, but, when considering nominations, a man is still more than oneand-a-half times as likely as a woman to be nominated for a supporting performance in a Best Picture winner. This research considers these factors, identifies potential reasons for them, and draws conclusions regarding the decades of gender bias in the Academy Awards. Further, this study investigates the dissolution of the Hollywood studio system and how, though brought on in part by two of the film industry’s leading ladies, the crumbling of that system ultimately hurt the industry’s women more than its men.

Keywords: Oscars, Academy Awards, sexism, gender inequity, Best Picture.
Petrography, Provenance And Diagenesis Of Murree Group Exposed along Basohli- Bani Road, Kathua District, Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Jamwal Monika , Pandita S K , Sharma Meera , Bhat G M
Published: February 2021

Sandstones of Murree Group of rocks exposed along Bani- Basohli road, Kathua District in Jammu were analyzed for petrography, petrofacies and provenance. These sandstones are classified as sublithic arenites and have been derived from mixed provenance including plutonic basement, sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks. Different types of quartz grains and other constituent minerals suggest the source from lower and middle and upper rank metamorphic terrains of the continental block-recycled orogen and subduction zone complex. The imprints of shallow burial diagenesis suggest low mechanical compaction probably just before cementation leading to moderate packing and reduction of porosity.
Measurement report: Effects of photochemical aging on the formation and evolution of summertime secondary aerosol in Beijing
Authors: Chen Tianzeng , Liu Jun , Ma Qingxin , Chu Biwu , Zhang Peng , Ma Jinzhu , Liu Yongchun , Zhong Cheng , Liu Pengfei , Wang Yafei , Mu Yujing , He Hong
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Atmospheric submicrometer aerosols have a great effect on air quality and human health, while their formation and evolution processes are still not
fully understood. Herein, the crucial role of atmospheric oxidation capacity, as characterized by OH exposure dose in the formation and evolution of
secondary submicrometer aerosols, was systematically investigated based on a highly time-resolved chemical characterization of PM1 in a
southern suburb of Beijing in summertime from 25 July to 21 August 2019. The averaged concentration of PM1 was
19.3 ± 11.3 µg m−3, and nearly half (48.3 %) of the mass was organic aerosols (OAs) during the observation period. The
equivalent photochemical age (ta) estimated from the ratios of toluene to benzene was applied to characterize the OH exposure dose of
the air mass, in which an observation period with the similar sources and minimal influence of fresh emission was adopted. The relationships of
non-refractory PM1 species, OA factors (i.e., one hydrocarbon-like and three oxygenated organic aerosol factors) and
elemental compositions (e.g., H∕C, O∕C, N∕C, S∕C, OM∕OC, and OSc) to ta were analyzed in
detail. It was found that higher PM1 concentration accompanied longer ta, with an average increase rate of
0.8 µgm-3h-1. Meanwhile, the formation of sulfate and more oxidized oxygenated OA were most sensitive to the increase in ta, and
their contributions to PM1 were enhanced from 22 % to 28 % and from 29 % to 48 %, respectively, as ta
increased. In addition, OSc and the ratios of O∕C and OM∕OC increased with the increase in ta. These results indicated
that photochemical aging is a key factor leading to the evolution of OA and the increase in PM1 in summertime.
IWV retrieval from ground GNSS receivers during NAWDEX
Authors: Bosser Pierre , Bock Olivier
Published: February 2021

Abstract. A ground-based network of more than 1200 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) was analysed using GIPSY-OASIS II software package for the documentation of time and space variations of water vapor in atmosphere during the North Atlantic Waveguide and Downstream impact EXperiment (NAWDEX) during fall 2016. The network extends throughout the North Atlantic, from the Caribbeans to Morocco through Greenland. This paper presents the methodology used for GNSS data processing, screening, and conversion of Zenith Tropospheric Delay (ZTD) estimates to Integrated Water Vapor content (IWV) using surface parameters from reanalysis. The retrieved IWV are used to evaluate the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalyses ERAI and ERA5. ERA5 shows an overall improvement over ERAI in representing the spatial and temporal variability of IWV over the study area. The mean bias is decreased from 0.31±0.63 to 0.19±0.56 kg m−2 (mean ±1σ over all stations) and the standard deviation reduced from 2.17±0.67 to 1.64±0.53 kg m−2 combined with a slight improvement in correlation coefficient from 0.95 to 0.97. At regional scale, both reanalyses show a general wet bias at mid and northern latitudes but a dry bias in the Caribbeans. We hypothesize this results from the different nature of data being assimilated over the tropical oceans. This GNSS IWV data set is intended to be used for a better description of the high impact weather events that occurred during the NAWDEX experiment.
Anisotropic thermal transport properties of quartz: from −120 °C through the α–β phase transition
Authors: Breuer Simon , Schilling Frank R.
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Thermal diffusivities of synthetic quartz single crystals have been
measured between −120 and 800 ∘C using a laser flash method.
At −120 ∘C, the lattice thermal diffusivities are D[001]=15.7(8) mm2 s−1
and D[100]=8.0(4) mm2 s−1 in the [001] and [100]
directions, respectively. Between −80 and 560 ∘C, the temperature
dependence is well approximated by a D(T)=1/Tn dependency (with n=1.824(29) and n=1.590(21) for the [001] and [100]
directions), whereas for lower temperatures measured thermal diffusivities
show smaller values. The anisotropy of the thermal diffusivity
D[001]∕D[100] decreases linearly over T in α-
and β-quartz, with a discontinuity at the α–β
phase transition at Tα,β=573 ∘C. In the measured signal–time curves
of α-quartz, an unusual radiative heat transfer is observed,
which can be linked to the phase transition. However, the effect is
already observed far below the actual transition temperature. The standard
evaluation procedure insufficiently describes the behaviour and leads to an underestimation of the thermal diffusivity
of ≥20 %. Applying
a new semi-empirical model of radiation absorption and re-emission
reproduces well the observed radiative heat transfer originating in
the phase transition. In the β-quartz region, the radiative heat transfer is not
influenced by the phase transition effect observed in α-quartz
and for the thermal diffusivity evaluation common models for (semi)transparent
samples can be used.
Model-driven optimization of coastal sea observatories through data assimilation in a finite element hydrodynamic model (SHYFEM v. 7_5_65)
Authors: Ferrarin Christian , Bajo Marco , Umgiesser Georg
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Monitoring networks aims at capturing the spatial and temporal variability of
one or several environmental variables in a specific environment. The optimal
placement of sensors in an ocean or coastal observatory should maximize the
amount of collected information and minimize the development and operational
costs for the whole monitoring network. In this study, the problem of the design
and optimization of ocean monitoring networks is tackled throughout the
implementation of data assimilation techniques in the Shallow water HYdrodynamic
Finite Element Model (SHYFEM). Two data assimilation methods – nudging and
ensemble square root filter – have been applied and tested in the Lagoon of
Venice (Italy), where an extensive water level monitoring network exists. A
total of 29 tide gauge stations were available, and the assimilation of the
observations results in an improvement of the performance of the SHYFEM model, which went from an initial root mean square error (RMSE) on the water level of
5.8 cm to a final value of about 2.1 and 3.2 cm for each of the two data assimilation
methods. In the monitoring network optimization procedure, by
excluding just one tide gauge at a time and always the station that contributes
less to the improvement of the RMSE, a minimum number of tide gauges can be
found that still allow for a successful description of the water level
variability. Both data assimilation methods allow identifying the number of
stations and their distribution that correctly represent the state variable in
the investigated system. However, the more advanced ensemble square root filter
has the benefit of keeping a physically and mass-conservative solution of the
governing equations, which results in a better reproduction of the hydrodynamics
over the whole system. In the case of the Lagoon of Venice, we found that, with
the help of a process-based and observation-driven numerical model, two-thirds
of the monitoring network can be dismissed. In this way, if some of the stations
must be decommissioned due to a lack of funding, an a priori choice can be made,
and the importance of a single monitoring site can be evaluated. The developed
procedure may also be applied to the continuous monitoring of other ocean
variables, like sea temperature and salinity.
Extreme wet seasons – their definition and relationship with synoptic-scale weather systems
Authors: Flaounas Emmanouil , Röthlisberger Matthias , Boettcher Maxi , Sprenger Michael , Wernli Heini
Published: February 2021

Abstract. An extreme aggregation of precipitation on the seasonal timescale, leading
to a so-called extreme wet season, can have substantial environmental and
socio-economic impacts. This study has a twofold aim: first to identify and
statistically characterize extreme wet seasons around the globe and second to elucidate their relationship with specific weather systems. Extreme wet seasons are defined independently at every grid point of
ERA-Interim reanalyses as the consecutive 90 d period with the highest
accumulated precipitation in the 40-year period of 1979–2018. In most
continental regions, the extreme seasons occur during the warm months of the year, especially in the midlatitudes. Nevertheless, colder periods might be also relevant, especially in coastal areas. All identified extreme seasons are statistically characterized in terms of climatological anomalies of the number of wet days and of daily extreme events. Results show that daily extremes are decisive for the occurrence of extreme wet seasons in regions of frequent precipitation, e.g., in the tropics. This is in contrast to arid regions where wet seasons may occur only due to anomalously frequent wet days. In the subtropics and more precisely within the transitional zones between arid areas and regions of frequent precipitation, both an anomalously high occurrence of daily extremes and of wet days are related to the formation of extreme wet seasons. A novel method is introduced to define the spatial extent of regions
affected by a particular extreme wet season and to relate extreme seasons
to four objectively identified synoptic-scale weather systems, which are
known to be associated with intense precipitation: cyclones, warm conveyor
belts, tropical moisture exports and breaking Rossby waves. Cyclones and
warm conveyor belts contribute particularly strongly to extreme wet seasons
in most regions of the globe. But interlatitudinal influences are also shown to be important: tropical moisture exports, i.e., the poleward transport of tropical moisture, can contribute to extreme wet seasons in the midlatitudes, while breaking Rossby waves, i.e., the equatorward intrusion of stratospheric air, may decisively contribute to the formation of extreme wet seasons in the tropics. Three illustrative examples provide insight into the synergetic effects of the four identified weather systems on the formation of extreme wet seasons in the midlatitudes, the Arctic and the (sub)tropics.
Future economic perspective and potential revenue of non-subsidized wind turbines in Germany
Authors: Blickwedel Lucas , Harzendorf Freia , Schelenz Ralf , Jacobs Georg
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Fixed feed-in tariffs based on the Renewable Energy Act grant secure revenues from selling
electricity for wind turbine operators in Germany. Anyhow, the level of federal financial support
is being reduced consecutively. Plant operators must trade self-sufficiently in the future and hence
generate revenue by selling electricity directly on electricity markets. Therefore, uncertain
future market price developments will influence investment considerations and may lead to
stagnation in the expansion of renewable energies. This study estimates future revenue potentials
of non-subsidized wind turbines in Germany to reduce this risk. The paper introduces and analyses
a forecasting model that generates electricity price time series suited for revenue estimation of
wind turbines based on the electricity exchange market. Revenues from the capacity market are
neglected. The model is based on openly accessible data and applies a merit-order approach in
combination with a simple agent-based approach to forecast long-term day-ahead prices at an hourly
resolution. The hourly generation profile of wind turbines can be mapped over several years in
conjunction with fluctuations in the electricity price. Levelized revenue of energy is used to
assess both dynamic variables (electricity supply and price). The merit-order effect from the
expansion of renewables as well as the phasing out of nuclear energy and coal are assessed in a
scenario analysis. Based on the assumptions made, the opposing effects could result in a constant
average price level for Germany over the next 20 years. The influence of emission prices is
considered in a sensitivity analysis and correlates with the share of fossil generation capacities
in the generation mix. In a brief case study, it was observed that current average wind turbines
are not able to yield financial profit over their lifetime without additional subsidies for the
given case. This underlines a need for technical development and new business models like power
purchase agreements. The model results can be used for setting and negotiating appropriate terms,
such as energy price schedule or penalties for those agreements.
The OR Black Box as a Novel Tool to Improve Surgical Safety and Education
Authors: Momic Jovana
Published: February 2021

Errors are prevalent in medicine and frequently lead to increased morbidity and mortality for patients. The complex environment within the operating room, and the multiple people and teams involved in providing patient care, make surgery especially prone to error. Healthcare relies on incident reports, morbidity and mortality (M and M) rounds, and review of patient charts to retrospectively determine factors that contributed to severe errors or near misses.1 Unfortunately, these methods focus primarily on incidents that result in significant patient harm and are subject to recall bias and poor capture of details surrounding key factors or events. Often, many seemingly minor contributions or incidents that do not lead to harm are deemed irrelevant and are not adequately assessed or are omitted altogether. The OR Black Box is a novel system of cameras, monitors, and audio recorders that captures everything that happens in the operating room to allow for future assessment of all errors that occur during a case. Such capture and assessment enable surgeons to review all intraoperative errors and determine what factors lead to errors so they can be avoided in future. The OR Black Box can also be used as an educational tool to facilitate surgical trainee feedback and review of surgical skills. Routine and widespread use of the OR Black Box has the potential to improve surgical safety and training and is a promising new tool for healthcare advancement.
When the machine hails you, do you turn? Media orientations and the constitution of digital space
Authors: Hewa Nelanthi
Published: February 2021

Machines have gone by many names, both in and outside of media theories. They have been called tools, prosthetics, auxiliary organs, and more. This paper explores what happens when we think of media as orientating devices. Sara Ahmed (2006) attends to the way orientations — sexual orientations, but also orientations as ways of being in the world more generally — come to be, and come to be felt on the body. Though Ahmed does not speak of media specifically, her queer phenomenology offers new ways of thinking about media. Media can be thought of as devices that orient, and that turn the body in one direction and away from another. Indeed, a media phenomenology is particularly useful in grounding both the body in media and the media’s felt effects on the body. As scholars increasingly stress, the language used to describe media often obfuscates their materiality, with words like ”virtual“ or even ”Web” concealing the material realities of digital networks. Beyond the materiality of media themselves, however, a phenomenology of media attends to the relationship between media and the bodies that turn to — and are turned — by them.
Evaluation of Anesthetists' Fear Levels and Prophylaxis Practices in the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic
Authors: Özgünay Seyda Efsun , Akça Figen , Karasu Derya , Eminoğlu Şermin , Gamlı Merhmet
Published: February 2021

INTRODUCTION: Due to the working areas of anesthesiologists, the possibility of encountering COVID-19 positive or suspected patients is very high. In this study, it was aimed to raise awareness by determining the fear of COVID-19, medical prophylaxis, isolation and general approaches of the anesthetists during the COVID-19 pandemic process. METHODS: Anesthesia doctors in Turkey were included in the study. A questionnaire was prepared including demographic data, COVID-19 fear scale, perceived fear level and medical prophylaxis they used. The link was sent online to anesthetists via e-mail and WhatsApp. RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty-seven participants were included in the study. While 19% of the participants met with COVID-19 positive or suspected patients every day, 10.2% stated that they never had contact. Fear of Covid-19 was statistically significantly higher in women, specialists and participants with chronic diseases (respectively, p=0.003, p=0.024 and p=0.014). Anesthetists working in the COVID 19 intensive care unit had a higher level of perceived fear at the beginning of the pandemic (p=0.006). Covid-19 scores of anesthetists who changed their smoking habits were found to be statistically significantly higher (p<0.001). About half of the Anesthetists were taking vitamin supplements for prophylaxis, while one fourth were using hydroxychloroquine. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: As a result of these findings, it is seen that the fear of Covid-19, in anesthetists, causes notable psychological effects and need for prophylaxis. We hope that these data will raise awareness in the near and distant future to protect the mental health of anesthetists and to reduce their fears by psychological support.
Perioperative Complications And Concomitant Diseases Of Patients Followed In Intensive Care Unit After Cleft Lip-Palate Surgery
Authors: Tümer Murat , Ayyıldız Ayşe , Akça Başak , Ankay Yılbaş Aysun , Üzümcügil Filiz , Canbay Özgür
Published: February 2021

INTRODUCTION: Cleft lip/palate (CLCP) patients might need postoperative care in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) due to several reasons like difficult airway management, associated abnormalities and perioperative respiratory complications. Our aim was to evaluate the factors associated with difficult airway and need for postoperative ICU follow-up in CLCP patients operated in our institution. METHODS: CLCP patients followed in ICU after surgery between 2005-2013 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Twenty patients were included to the study. Ten had CLCP together, ten had isolated cleft palate. Difficult intubation was seen in 8 patients. Difficult mask ventilation was seen only in one patient with 22q11 deletion. All patients with difficult intubation had micrognathia. Nasal fiberoptic bronchoscopy was more commonly used in patients with difficult intubation. There was a statistically significant relationship between the presence of any systemic disease and difficult intubation. Main reasons for ICU follow-up were the need for close monitoring and airway related problems. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Difficult airway is a frequent problem in CLCP patients even in the absence of a diagnosed syndrome. Patients with difficult airway or risk of postoperative airway obstruction could be better followed in ICU during early postoperative period for rapid diagnosis and treatment of possible complications by experienced staff.
A BRIEF LITERATURE OVERVIEW ON ORTHOREXIA NERVOSA – ONE NEW REPRESENTATIVE IN CLUSTER OF EATING DISORDERS
Authors:   Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Varna, Bulgaria., Chenkov Yavor , Hristova Darina N. ,   Department of Organization and Economics of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, Bulgaria.
Published: February 2021

The neologism "orthorexia", first described in 1997 by Stephen Bratman in the Yoga Journal, has expanded over the years by adding the term "Nervosa", coined to indicate a potential new eating disorder - Orthorexia Nervosa (ON). In essence, ON is manifested with excessive concern for a healthy diet leading to attracting all attention to food, thus developing constant and disturbing obsessive thoughts and stereotypical behavior (fixation). People with orthorexic eating habits pay too much attention to the quality of the food consumed, in contrast to the well-studied to date Bulimia nervosa and Anorexia nervosa, where the focus is entirely on the amount of food consumed. This brief literature review attempts to clarify the existing biological and demographic aspects of ON, dietary risk factors, and other preconditions for the occurrence of this disorder. To date, there are several tools available to diagnose ON, the most widely used of which is the Ortho-15 questionnaire. Given the growing interest in healthy lifestyles, attention should be paid to the problem of orthorexic eating behavior in the public sphere, including the development of targeted activities for primary and secondary prevention.