bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arie Ludwig Strauss: “A Psalm Returns Home”
Authors: Sandbank Shimon
Published: October 2016

This is an attempt to describe the bi-lingual poet Arie Ludwig Strauss’s journey from his poetry in German to his Hebrew poetry. Steeped as he was in the German poetic tradition, from Old Germanic Stabreim to Hölderlin and particularly Stefan George, and preoccupied with the phonetic, musical aspects of verse, Strauss was determined, on discovering his Hebrew heritage, to apply George’s sound devices to the Hebrew poems he began writing after his immigration to Palestine. This paper focuses on Strauss’s struggle to find a Hebrew parallel to the music of his German verse. It argues that the tonality of his Hebrew poetry is a product of two traditions: a phonological orchestration of syllables, derived largely from George, and wordplay involving whole words rather than only syllables, derived from biblical Hebrew and the Hebrew of medieval Judeo-Spanish poetry.
„Der Ewige“ als „Synthese“ des Stern. Der Gebrauch des Gottesnamens „der Ewige“ bei Franz Rosenzweig
Authors: Losch Andreas
Published: October 2016

In his famous final essay Franz Rosenzweig neglects to mention that he had referred to the expression “the Eternal” already in
German Orientalism, Arabic Grammar and the Jewish Education System: The Origins and Effect of Martin Plessner’s “Theory of Arabic Grammar”
Authors: Mendel Yonatan
Published: October 2016

In 1935, a pioneering school textbook was written by the German-Jewish Orientalist Martin Plessner. The work, titled
La possibilité d’une étude sémiotique des transhumanités: Une lecture d’un film La Créature céleste, bouddha robot coréen
Authors: Lee Soojin
Published: October 2016

Dans cet article nous présentons une réflexion sémiotique sur la représentation de l’humain et du non-humain dans des discours de techno-fiction reflétant l’humanité transitoire en relation avec le progrès technoscientifique. Les signifiants dénotatifs dans le contexte narratif nous conduisent à observer et à analyser les signifiés connotatifs. C’est dans cet esprit que nous examinerons des scènes tirées du film de science-fiction coréen La Créature céleste portant sur l’existence de l’humain, et son rapport ontologique avec la technologie. Ce film unique en son genre traitant à la fois de la machine et de la spiritualité dans la tradition du bouddhisme s’appuie sur les principes fondamentaux du Mahayana (Grand Véhicule) comme la vacuité, l’éveil et la nature-de-bouddha et propose, avec un bouddha robot et un homme-machine, une représentation bien particulière de l’humanité en transition. Ce film contient diverses propositions vis-à-vis d’un phénomène mystérieux et problématique, produit par une technologie future. Nous proposons d’analyser les différentes significations telles que le dualisme du corps et de l’esprit, un fantasme permettant surmonter la limite physique par le recours à la technologie, une inscription corporelle de l’esprit et l’interaction dans l’environnement technoscientifique. Il est possible d’appliquer cette interprétation aux autres discours de techno-fiction et proposer une lecture et une écriture qui peuvent nous guider dans notre réflexion sur l’avenir, sans peur ni enthousiasme, mais selon la notion de vacuité.

Cet article est basé sur des communications délivrées à l’occasion de deux colloques internationaux organisés dans le cadre d’une collaboration entre deux équipes de chercheurs coréens et français, projet soutenu par le LABEX ARTS-H2H au titre du programme, Investissements d’avenir.
Phase-Dependent Modulation of Oscillatory Phase and Synchrony by Long-Lasting Depolarizing Inputs in Central Neurons
Authors: Watanabe Satoshi , Hirono Moritoshi
Published: October 2016

Oscillatory neural activities have been implicated in various types of information processing in the CNS. The procerebral (PC) lobe of the land molluskLimax valentianusshows an ongoing oscillatory local field potential (LFP). Olfactory input increases both the frequency and spatial synchrony of the LFP oscillation by a nitric oxide (NO)-mediated mechanism, but how NO modulates the activity in a specific manner has been unclear. In the present study, we used electrical stimulation and NO uncaging to systematically analyze the response of the LFP oscillation and found phase-dependent effects on phase shifting and synchrony. The neurons that presumably release NO in the PC lobe preferentially fired at phases in which NO has a synchronizing effect, suggesting that the timing of NO release is regulated to induce a stereotyped response to natural sensory stimuli. The phase–response curve (PRC) describes the timing dependence of responses of an oscillatory system to external input. PRCs are usually constructed by recording the temporal shifts of the neural activity in response to brief electrical pulses. However, NO evokes a long-lasting depolarization persisting for several cycles of oscillation. The phase–response relationship obtained by NO stimulation was approximately the integral of the PRC. A similar relationship was also shown for regular firing of mouse cerebellar Purkinje cells receiving step depolarization, suggesting the generality of the results to oscillatory neural systems with highly distinct properties. These results indicate novel dynamic effects of long-lasting inputs on network oscillation and synchrony, which are based on simple and ubiquitous mechanisms.
Loss of SynDIG1 Reduces Excitatory Synapse Maturation But Not FormationIn Vivo
Authors: Chenaux George , Matt Lucas , Hill Travis C. , Kaur Inderpreet , Liu Xiao-Bo , Kirk Lyndsey M. , Speca David J. , McMahon Samuel A. , Zito Karen , Hell Johannes W. , Díaz Elva
Published: October 2016

Modification of the strength of excitatory synaptic connections is a fundamental mechanism by which neural circuits are refined during development and learning. Synapse Differentiation Induced Gene 1 (SynDIG1) has been shown to play a key role in regulating synaptic strengthin vitro. Here, we investigated the role of SynDIG1in vivoin mice with a disruption of theSynDIG1gene rather than use an alternate loxP-flanked conditional mutant that we find retains a partial protein product. The gene-trap insertion with a reporter cassette mutant mice shows that theSynDIG1promoter is active during embryogenesis in the retina with some activity in the brain, and postnatally in the mouse hippocampus, cortex, hindbrain, and spinal cord. Ultrastructural analysis of the hippocampal CA1 region shows a decrease in the average PSD length of synapses and a decrease in the number of synapses with a mature phenotype. Intriguingly, the total synapse number appears to be increased inSynDIG1mutant mice. Electrophysiological analyses show a decrease in AMPA and NMDA receptor function inSynDIG1-deficient hippocampal neurons. Glutamate stimulation of individual dendritic spines in hippocampal slices from SynDIG1-deficient mice reveals increased short-term structural plasticity. Notably, the overall levels of PSD-95 or glutamate receptors enriched in postsynaptic biochemical fractions remain unaltered; however, activity-dependent synapse development is strongly compromised upon the loss of SynDIG1, supporting its importance for excitatory synapse maturation. Together, these data are consistent with a model in which SynDIG1 regulates the maturation of excitatory synapse structure and function in the mouse hippocampusin vivo.
Positive Selection in Rapidly Evolving Plastid–Nuclear Enzyme Complexes
Authors: Rockenbach Kate , Havird Justin C , Monroe J Grey , Triant Deborah A , Taylor Douglas R , Sloan Daniel B
Published: October 2016

Rates of sequence evolution in plastid genomes are generally low, but numerous angiosperm lineages exhibit accelerated evolutionary rates in similar subsets of plastid genes. These genes include clpP1 and accD, which encode components of the caseinolytic protease (CLP) and acetyl-coA carboxylase (ACCase) complexes, respectively. Whether these extreme and repeated accelerations in rates of plastid genome evolution result from adaptive change in proteins (i.e., positive selection) or simply a loss of functional constraint (i.e., relaxed purifying selection) is a source of ongoing controversy. To address this, we have taken advantage of the multiple independent accelerations that have occurred within the genus Silene (Caryophyllaceae) by examining phylogenetic and population genetic variation in the nuclear genes that encode subunits of the CLP and ACCase complexes. We found that, in species with accelerated plastid genome evolution, the nuclear-encoded subunits in the CLP and ACCase complexes are also evolving rapidly, especially those involved in direct physical interactions with plastid-encoded proteins. A massive excess of nonsynonymous substitutions between species relative to levels of intraspecific polymorphism indicated a history of strong positive selection (particularly in CLP genes). Interestingly, however, some species are likely undergoing loss of the native (heteromeric) plastid ACCase and putative functional replacement by a duplicated cytosolic (homomeric) ACCase. Overall, the patterns of molecular evolution in these plastid–nuclear complexes are unusual for anciently conserved enzymes. They instead resemble cases of antagonistic coevolution between pathogens and host immune genes. We discuss a possible role of plastid–nuclear conflict as a novel cause of accelerated evolution.
The Identification of a Novel Mutant Allele of topoisomerase II in Caenorhabditis elegans Reveals a Unique Role in Chromosome Segregation During Spermatogenesis
Authors: Jaramillo-Lambert Aimee , Fabritius Amy S , Hansen Tyler J , Smith Harold E , Golden Andy
Published: October 2016

Topoisomerase II alleviates DNA entanglements that are generated during mitotic DNA replication, transcription, and sister chromatid separation. In contrast to mitosis, meiosis has two rounds of chromosome segregation following one round of DNA replication. In meiosis II, sister chromatids segregate from each other, similar to mitosis. Meiosis I, on the other hand, segregates homologs, which requires pairing, synapsis, and recombination. The exact role that topoisomerase II plays during meiosis is unknown. In a screen reexamining Caenorhabditis elegans legacy mutants isolated 30 years ago, we identified a novel allele of the gene encoding topoisomerase II, top-2(it7). In this study, we demonstrate that top-2(it7) males produce dead embryos, even when fertilizing wild-type oocytes. Characterization of early embryonic events indicates that fertilization is successful and sperm components are transmitted to the embryo. However, sperm chromatin is not detected in these fertilized embryos. Examination of top-2(it7) spermatogenic germ lines reveals that the sperm DNA fails to segregate properly during anaphase I of meiosis, resulting in anucleate sperm. top-2(it7) chromosome-segregation defects observed during anaphase I are not due to residual entanglements incurred during meiotic DNA replication and are not dependent on SPO-11-induced double-strand DNA breaks. Finally, we show that TOP-2 associates with chromosomes in meiotic prophase and that chromosome association is disrupted in the germ lines of top-2(it7) mutants.
El monólogo dramático en el discurso poético
Authors: Cuvardic García Dorde
Published: October 2016

Entre las distintas modalidades de distanciamiento de la voz enunciativa poética respecto de la voz autoral se encuentra el correlato objetivo, concepto propuesto a inicios del siglo XX por T.S. Elliot. Se trata de materializar, concretar o expresar las emociones del poeta a través de la descripción de un objeto, del relato de una situación o del discurso de un personaje. Entre las modalidades de correlato objetivo se encuentra el monólogo dramático, que a nivel enunciativo supone el más alto grado de ficcionalización entre los géneros poéticos. Se define por sus atributos formales y por su efecto. Entre los primeros, se utiliza un hablante cuya identidad nominal expresa o inferida es distinta a la del autor, un interlocutor que escucha a la voz enunciativa y una situación más o menos perfilada o dramatizada por esta última. El efecto del monólogo dramático supone incentivar, por su parte, la alternancia entre la identificación y el juicio crítico en el lector frente al discurso moralmente problemático del hablante.
Estudio comparativo del uso de partículas discursivas en dos tipos de habla informal
Authors: Benavides González María , Pérez Retana David
Published: October 2016

En este artículo, se describen y se comparan once partículas discursivas utilizadas en dos tipos de habla informal: el habla oral y el habla escrita en la red social Facebook, con el fin de adentrarnos en la discusión sobre la influencia de la oralidad en el lenguaje escrito en Internet. El análisis considera, principalmente, la función de la partícula discursiva elegida, esta se ejemplifica en su uso en contexto; luego, dependiendo de la modalidad, se establecen similitudes y diferencias de uso, las cuales nos permiten identificar las características particulares de una modalidad discursiva mixta, como lo es la escritura en medios electrónicos.
Fragmentos de una historia no oficial. A propósito de dos cuentarios de Julieta Pinto
Authors: Ruiz Ulloa Geaninni
Published: October 2016

El presente ensayo aborda la narrativa de Julieta Pinto en los cuentarios Los marginados (1970) y A la vuelta de la esquina (1975), los cuales retoman la estética realista de las décadas anteriores. No obstante, a partir de una subjetividad en el discurso sobre lo verosímil, la autora propone una nueva manera de explorar la realidad costarricense a través de la palabra. Ambos libros proponen otra historia – una no oficial –en donde hombres, mujeres y niños anónimos lucha por lo único que tienen, sus vidas.
Los arquetipos de la sombra, el doble y el amor elusivo en Detrás del espejo de Julieta Pinto
Authors: Villalobos Villalobos Carlos Manuel
Published: October 2016

Esta comunicación, desde una perspectiva fundamentalmente junguiana, aborda el libro de cuentos Detrás del espejo de la escritora costarricense Julieta Pinto. En estos relatos se presenta un narrador íntimo que se busca a sí mismo y procura comunicarse con el otro. Sin embargo, este sujeto del deseo no consigue materializar la conexión amatoria, pues la presencia del arquetipo de la sombra se lo impide. A partir de este arquetipo, se genera un proceso de elusión amatoria, que se vincula con temas conexos tales como la soledad, la lejanía, la frialdad y lo ominoso. Como complemente de este escenario psicológico el texto presenta escenas oníricas que tienen lugar en un ambiente cargado de neblina. Esta condición impide que la imagen del espejo refleje con claridad a cada uno de los personajes.
Dos jueces equivocados: Clamence y el Gran Inquisidor
Authors: Víquez Jiménez Alí
Published: October 2016

En este ensayo se compara a los personajes de Clamence (La caída, Albert Camus) y el Gran Inquisidor (Los hermanos Karamázov, Fiodor Dostoievski) y se sostiene que ambos cometen errores de juicio similares, dada la generalización apresurada del mal en que incurren.
El oficio de escritora de Julieta Pinto González
Authors: González Irene
Published: October 2016

El siguiente texto presenta una breve semblanza de la cuentista costarricense Julieta Pinto González.
PRELIMINARY STUDY ON POPULATION DYNAMIC OF HARPACTICOID COPEPOD Euterpina acutifrons IN CULTURE CONDITION
Authors: Imanto Philip Teguh , Sumiarsa Gede Suwarthama , Suastika Made
Published: October 2016

The most important factor to high mortality rate in larval rearing is feeding success in early larval stage related to kind and size of natural live food. Copepod basically is the main source of natural food in the open ocean having some advantages such as smaller size of nauplii, attractive movement and high nutritional value. Observation on population dynamic of harpacticoid copepod Euterpina acutifrons was carried out using 5-L plastic bucket with initial density 100 ind./L. Green algae Nannochloropsis sp. was added to culture media at density of 50,000 cells/mL as a basic feed and additional feeds given were wheat flour (group A) and chicken liver (group B) at a rate of 50 mg/bucket. The result showed that there was no difference on population pattern in both groups where the incubation time took eight days to hatch, from nauplii to the copepodite stage was three days and from copepodite to adult copepod took five-to-six days. The differences came up from population number: in group (A) the highest number of copepod-bearing-egg was only 133 ind., nauplii production up to 62,833 ind. and number of copepodites was 22,333 ind. lower compared to group (B) with the highest copepod-egg was 308 ind., nauplii was 113,333 ind. and copepodite was 51,167 ind. The conclusion pointed out that the kind of food did not influence population pattern (quality) but gave effect to population growth.
EFFECT AND COMPARISON OF RECYCLING AND STAGNANT FRESHWATER ON PERFORMANCES (GROWTH AND SURVIVAL RATES; FISH QUALITY) AND PROFITABILITY OF THE ORNAMENTAL FISH Barbus schwanefeldi (KAPIAT) REARED AT 4 DIFFERENT DENSITIES
Authors: Sudarto Sudarto , Priyadi Agus , Slembrouck Jack , Pouyaud Laurent , Subamia I Wayan
Published: October 2016

Comparing two different rearing systems in fish production through stagnant and recirculation water systems showed that recirculation system has several benefits such as reducing manpower, and minimize or eliminate in using antibiotics and also eliminate the grow out of diseases, increasing the profits due to increase in density of fish cultured in the system, and water quality remain stable in optimal condition.
MORPHOLOGICAL VARIABILITY OF SEVERAL INDONESIAN POPULATIONS OF GIANT FRESHWATER PRAWN, Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Authors: Imron Imron , Iskandariah Iskandariah , Iswanto Bambang , Dewi Raden Roro Sri Puji Sinarni
Published: October 2016

Patterns in morphological variability have been the main basis for conventional genetic improvement program, particularly in selective breeding. Proper understanding on these patterns hence, is of crucial prerequisite before any scheme of breeding program is undertaken. This study was aimed to explore those morphological variations with emphasis on the assessment of among-population and among-trait variations and assessment of predictive traits that may serve for inter-population differentiation. A total 281 individuals representing four natural populations (Asahan, Ogan, Barito, and Ciasem) and one domesticated stock (GIMacro) were sampled and analyzed for variability in thirteen morphological traits. While descriptive analyses were applied to analyze both among-stock and among-trait variations, discriminant function analysis was used to search for the best traits for interpopulation differentiation. The relative variability, expressed in the coefficient of variation (CV), was used to compare the amount and patterns of morphometric variability both among traits and between stocks. Results showed that total body weight was the most variable trait while the length and meristic traits were of lower level. Discriminant analysis found that rostrum length and abdoment length to be the best morphological discriminators among intraspecific populations. However, the continuous natures of these traits make them have limited applicability for intraspecific population differentiation.
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF FEED ON GROWTH, SURVIVAL AND DIGESTIVE ENZYME ACTIVITY OF EARLY JUVENILE-STAGE MARBLE GOBY, Oxyeleotris marmoratus
Authors: Darwis Muhammad , Muhd. Shaleh Sitti Raehana , Tanaka Masaru , Senoo Shigeharu
Published: October 2016

The stable mass seed production technique of marble goby, Oxyeleotris marmoratus has not yet been established due to high mortality occurring on the early juvenile stage and/or after 40 days after hatching (d AH). In order to establish the mass seed production technique, O. marmoratus juveniles of 40 d AH were reared for 60 days to determine growth, survival and digestive enzyme activity at different types of feed (trash fish, artificial feed and Artemia sp. nauplii). Specific growth rate (5.32) and survival rate (91.3%) in juveniles fed Artemia sp. nauplii showed significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of juveniles fed trash fish and artificial feed. At the end of the experiment, the mean specific trypsin, amylase and lipase activities of juveniles fed Artemia sp. nauplii were recorded as 0.04 mU mg protein-1m-1, 0.114 mg maltose mg protein-1h-1 and 9.58 m Units, respectively, and they were significantly higher than those of juveniles fed trash fish and artificial feed. In the present study it was shown that O. marmoratus early juveniles had more efficient digestibility and absorption the nutrient when fed with Artemia.
CLONING OF ProAV PROMOTER ISOLATED FROM TIGER PRAWN Penaeus monodon
Authors: Parenrengi Andi , Alimuddin Alimuddin , Sukenda Sukenda , Sumantadinata Komar , Yamin Muhammad , Tenriulo Andi
Published: October 2016

Promoter is a specific DNA sequence involved in the transcription of a particular gene. It is usually located in the upstream of the gene they regulate. Isolation and characterization of promoter is essentially needed in order to establish the sequence analysis and transcription factor that are used in the regulation of gene expression. The research was conducted to analyze the characteristics of Penaeus monodon anti viral gene promoter (ProAV) towards generation of auto-transgenic tiger prawn, P. monodon. ProAV promoter was isolated by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) method and the purified DNA fragment was cloned into pGEM-T Easy cloning vector. The promoter sequence was characterized by using BLAST-N and Genetyx version 7 softwares. The results showed the success in isolating a promoter from tiger prawn of 368 bp in length. BLAST-N analysis showed that the sequence of isolated promoter has high similarity (95%-98%) compared to the other promoters in the GeneBank. The study revealed the existence of important transcription factors (TATA box, MRE, TCF-1, and other potential regulatory elements) are identified in the promoter sequence.
ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC VARIATION OF PEARL OYSTER, Pinctada maxima, BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF MITOCHONDRIAL CYTOCHROME OXIDASE SUBUNIT I GENE
Authors: Sudradjat Achmad , Susilowati Rini , Imron Imron
Published: October 2016

Pearl oyster, Pinctada maxima is one of economical ly important species in aquaculture, particularly in pearl industry. Information on genetic variation of pearl oyster is required in order to be able to make a sound management of it’s natural populations and to utilize it to improve the quality of pearl culture. Five populations from different geographic locations of pearl oyster, Pinctada maxima, (Sumbawa, Bali, Selat Sunda, Belitung, and South Sulawesi) were analyzed for genetic variation within a 750-base pair region of the Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (MtCOI) gene using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) technique. The analysis of 25 pearl oyster samples, their haplotype diversity ranged from 0.0970 to 0.1939 and the number of haplotype in each population ranged from three to five haplotypes. Clustering of populations based on Nei’s genetic distances and constructed using unweighted pair-group method with Arithmetic mean (UPGMA) showed that the populations were clustered into two groups: Belitung, Selat Sunda, Bali and Sumbawa in one group, while South Sulawesi in the second group.
THE EFFECT OF INBREEDING ON THE EARLY PERFORMANCE OF FRESHWATER PRAWN, Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Authors: Imron Imron
Published: October 2016

Inbreeding depression has often been considered to be responsible for the deterioration of performance in aquaculture species. Despite a crucial impact that may result from inbreeding depression, comprehensive information reviewing this subject is limited. This study was aimed to gain information on the effect of inbreeding on the early performance of freshwater prawn. The study was performed by comparing performance of inbred and outbred populations. Inbred population was established by brother-sister mating (inbreeding rate of 25%) while the outbred population was formed by mating unrelated individuals. Several fitness and productivity related traits including survival, the rate of larval development, stage dispersion and growth of larvae were evaluated. Results suggest that inbred families performed poorer than that of the outbred in survival. However, inbreeding depression did not seem to occur in other traits including the rate of larval development, larval stage dispersion and growth. This study implies that to maintain genetic quality of farmed prawn stocks, inbreeding rate in farmed population must be controlled not to exceed that level. Implications that these findings may have on aquaculture practices and possible alternatives for the solutions are discussed.
THE POTENTIAL OF EXTRACT OF LEAVES AND FLOWERS OF Lantana camara Linn. AS AN ANTIBACTERIAL FOR CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus) INFECTED BY Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Nur Indriyani , Fitriani Afiyfah , Asnani Asnani
Published: October 2016

Freshwater catfish culture has been hampered by bacterial diseases. One of the agents of the bacterial disease is Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS). The application of synthetic antibiotics has had some disadvantages such as bacterial resistance and undegradable in water. One of the potential antibacterial herbs is Lantana camara. Information of Lantana as an antibacterial on catfish is still limited. Therefore, the experiment of utilization of Lantana as an antibacterial for catfish should be conducted. The experiment was carried out to evaluate the potential of Lantana extract as an antibacterial of A. hydrophila for catfish. The completely randomized design was applied consisting of four treatments using two parts of the plant, leaves and flowers. The treatments were: A = 1,000 ppm of leaves; B = 2,000 ppm of leaves; C = 1,000 ppm of flowers; D = 2,000 ppm of flowers), and control. Lantana extracts were diluted into each culture media which had been infected with A. hydrophila. Several factors were observed in this experiment such as prevalence with of MAS disease, survival rate, percentage of haematocrites and total of leukocytes of fish blood. The results showed that the fish treated with 2,000 ppm of flowers extract had a lower in prevalence of MAS disease and higher in survival rate than those treated with 1,000 ppm; 2,000 ppm of leaves; and 1,000 ppm of flowers, respectively. However, percentage of haematocrytes and total of leucocytes was not influenced by the extracts from different parts of Lantana plant. In conclusion, 2,000 ppm of Lantana flowers extract might be useful as an antibacterial of A. hydrophila for catfish culture.
SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF Streptococcus agalactiae, A PATHOGEN CAUSING STREPTOCOCCOSIS IN TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Lusiastuti Angela Mariana , Taukhid Taukhid , Kusrini Eni , Hadie Wartono
Published: October 2016

Pathogen identification based on biochemical properties can barely differentiate Streptococcus iniae and S. agalactiae. Beside that, this technique is also limited by the length of time required to complete the assays. Therefore, rapid diagnosis is necessary to initiate prompt therapeutic and prophylactic measures in order to limit any potential economic losses caused by such pathogens. The aim of the present study was to identify Streptococcosis species using amplification of S. agalactiae DNA sequence with species-specific primer Sdi 61 AGGAAACCTGCCATTTGCG and Sdi 252 CAATCTATTTCTAGATCGTGG and perform phylogenetic analysis based on DNA nucleotide sequence data. The sequencing of PCR products was performed at BPPT Puspiptek Serpong by using the respective PCR primers, Big Dye Terminator Chemistry and AmpliTaq-FS DNA polymerase. The sequencing reactions were run on the ABI Prism version 3103 – Avant Genetic Analyzer (USA) and the result was read by Sequence Navigator program (Applied Biosystem). Alignment multiple analysis was done based on the data from Genebank with BLASTN (http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/blast.cgi) on the nucleotide level. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic trees were generated with Genetyx programme version 7 with UPGMA and MEGA software version 4.0. The result revealed that the isolates from brain, eye, and kidney of diseased Tilapia were infected by S. agalactiae and it has 99% similarity with Genebank. It has close relationship with S. agalactiae at genebank with UPGMA method. These isolates showed high variation in the first sequence which is similar to S. iniae. The information of S. agalactiae genomes suggests that gene acquisition, duplication, and reassortment have played an important role in genetic diversity and evolution of S. agalactiae. Screening of breeder fish stocks with the developed PCR methodology, followed by elimination of infected stocks, would provide an efficient strategy to control fish infected by streptococcosis.
IMPROVEMENT OF NON SPECIFIC IMMUNE SYSTEM ON COMMON CARP (Cyprinus carpio) AGAINST KOI HERPESVIRUS DISEASE (KHVD) BY ADDITION OF ASCORBIC ACID ON FISH DIET: A FIELD SCALE STUDY
Authors: Taukhid Taukhid , Sugiani Desy , Lusiastuti Angela Mariana
Published: October 2016

The research with the aim to know the optimal feeding frequency of supplemented ascorbic acid (microencapsulated vitamin C CFC-90) on the dose of 750 mg/kg feed to control Koi Herpesvirus (KHV) disease infecting common carp has been done in field condition. Fish were reared in floating cages with the size of 3.5 m x 3.5 m x 2.0 m and stocking density of 1,250 fish/cage with the size range of ± 10 g/fish. The treatments applied in the research were: (A) daily application, (B) every 3 days application, and (C) without vitamin C addition as the control. Fish test were challenged to KHV infection on the mid cultivation by cohabitation method in the laboratory scale for 2 weeks. Examination on behavior, clinical sign, and mortality of fish test conducted daily. The results showed that the highest survival rate was found on the application of vitamin C every 3 days (60.16%); and followed by every day (52.00%), and the lowest was found on the control group (47.36%).
THE APPLICATION OF RAPD FINGERPRINTING TO ASSESS INBREEDING LEVELS IN THE CULTURED POPULATIONS OF GIANT FRESHWATER PRAWN, Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Authors: Imron Imron , Sunandar Dadan , Suprapto Rommy , Listyowati Nunuk
Published: October 2016

Inbreeding has been one of central issues with regard to genetic quality of aquaculture species, including giant fresh water prawn (GFP). Conventional methods for the estimation of inbreeding level are available, such as pedigree analyses which requires a good pedigree record which, unfortunately, is rarely available. Likewise, microsatellite molecular markers commonly applied to obtain the coefficient inbreeding estimates are both laborious and expensive. Hence, an alternative method of inbreeding assessment which is relatively easy but reliable is in need. This study was aimed to explore the applicability of RAPD fingerprinting, which is known to be simple and affordable, to estimate inbreeding level of GFP population. Three GFP populations namely inbred, outbred, and farm populations with inbreeding level of 25%, 0%, and unknown, respectively, were genotyped using five polymorphic RAPD primers. The inbreeding levels mentioned within the first two populations were determined using pedigree analysis. RAPD banding patterns were then used to calculate band sharing index (BSI) and inbreeding coefficient (F). Assessment of the applicability of inbreeding level estimates obtained by RAPD markers was performed by comparing them to those estimated by pedigree analysis. Results show that RAPD fingerprinting was capable of delineating populations differing in their inbreeding coefficients. The pattern resulted from molecular inbreeding coefficient within the inbred and outbred groups, was congruent with that shown by pedigree analysis, while the farm population showed closeness to the inbred group. While the accuracy of the estimate needs to be verified further, this study suggests that RAPD fingerprinting is applicable to estimate population inbreeding level, particularly due to its technical simplicity and cost affordability.
TUMOUR CASE IN KOI CARP (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Sholichah Lili , Lusiastuti Angela Mariana , Caruso Domenico , Subamia I Wayan , Purwaningsih Uni
Published: October 2016

A case study of tumour in koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) was observed in rearing periode. This tumour occurs solitary, large, pale red, fleshy masses under the lips and dental plates on the outside, and by reason of its size, may prevent closure the mouth. Moreover, this tumour goes through into the inside of the mouth. At necropsy, there were two soft, firm, small mass at inside of the mouth and the bigger mass at outside the mouth. Samples of this tumour were fixed in 10% formalin were used for histology analysis. The clinical course of the tumour is one of relatively slow but progressive growth. The proliferative stage of the neoplastic process is preceded and accompanied by a striking vascular reaction. Intensed hyperemia invariably occurs in that region of the mucosal surface which later becomes the site of neoplastic proliferation. Neoplastic cells lied around lamina propria and submucosal. These cells were joined together to make vacuolization and the other cells become pleiomorphism with hyperchromatic nucleus and N/C ratio cells are 1:1. In some area, there were many empty holes, around the holes there were debris cells, inflammation cells, and erythrocytes.
DOMINANT FACTORS AFFECTING SEAWEED (Gracilaria verrucosa) PRODUCTION IN ACID SULFATE SOILS-AFFECTED PONDS OF LUWU REGENCY, INDONESIA
Authors: Mustafa Akhmad , Sammut Jesmond
Published: October 2016

Most of brackish water ponds used for seaweed (Gracilaria verrucosa) culture in Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia are constructed on acid sulfate soil. Despite this inevitable condition, opportunities remain open to increase the seaweed production. The research was conducted to study the dominant factors that affect the seaweed production in ASS-affected ponds of Luwu Regency. As a dependent variable in this research is seaweed production. Independent variables were grouped into: (a) farmer status factor, consisting of 9 variables; (b) pond condition factor, consisting of 8 variables; (c) pond management factor, consisting of 29 variables; (d) soil quality factor, consisting of 17 variables and (e) water quality factor, consisting of 11 variables. Multiple regression with dummy variable was used to analyze the data in prediction dependent variable. Results show that the average of seaweed production in ASS-affected pond of Luwu Regency is 11,000 kg dry/ha/year. Seaweed production can be increased through: (a) decreasing dosage of urea and KCl and increasing dosage and frequency of fertilizer containing phosphate; (b) increasing water depth in the pond and decreasing percentage of water exchange,(c) conducting remediation to increase the soil pH and decreasing the concentration of Fe in the water, (d) increasing stocking density of milkfish to decrease the epiphyte population and (e) increasing the frequency of the farmer to attend trainings.
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF SPERMATOGONIA AND TESTES DISSOCIATION : A Preliminary Study for the Germ Cell Transplantation in Giant Gouramy (Osphronemus gouramy)
Authors: Andriani Irma , Djuwita Ita , Sumantadinata Komar , Junior Muhammad Zairin , Arfah Harton , Alimuddin Alimuddin
Published: October 2016

The recent study were attempting to develop spermatogonial germ cell transplantation as a tool to preserve and propagate male germ-plasm from endangered fish species, as well as to produce surrogate broodstock of commercially valuable fish. Spermatogonia identification and testes dissociation were the first necessary steps to obtain highly amount and viable population of spermatogonia as donor cells for transplantation. Using giant gouramy testes as a model, spermatogonia was histological characterized and two methods of testes dissociations were compared (i.e. medium A contained 0.5% trypsin in PBS and medium B contained 0.5% trypsin and DNase 10 IU/μL in PBS complemented with CaCl2, Hepes and FCS). Optimal incubation times (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 hours) in dissociation medium were also determined. Freshly isolated testes of immature giant gouramy were minced in dissociation medium and then incubated to get monodisperce cell suspension. Parameters observed were number and viability of spermatogonia (ø > 10 μm). The viability was analyzed using trypan blue exclusion dye. The results showed that the average number of spermatogonia observed in medium B was higher than in medium A (P<0.05), meanwhile the viability of spermatogonia between medium A and B were not significantly different (P>0.05). The viability of spermatogonia decreased by the increasing duration time of dissociation. The viability of spermatogonia started to decrease significantly in 2 hours incubation time in medium A and 4 hours incubation time in medium B (P<0.05). In conclusion, application of dissociation medium B yielded higher number of viable spermatogonia than dissociation medium A.
MAPPING OF EXISTING MARICULTURE ACTIVITIES IN SOUTH-EAST SULAWESI “POTENTIAL, CURRENT AND FUTURE STATUS”
Authors: Albasri Hatim , Iba Wa , Aslan La Ode Muhammad , Gooley Geoff , De Silva Sena
Published: October 2016

The present study identifies existing mariculture activities and its constraints in SE Sulawesi, along with its geo-physical attributes in the Province.This allows for a better understanding the potential, current and future status of mariculture development in the area and making sure its sustainability. The study was conducted to map the existing mariculture activities in SE Sulawesi. Data collection was performed in June 2009. Spatial and attribute data of the existing mariculture were acquired by interviewing fish farmer using open-ended questionnaire and analyzed using ArcGIS 9.x. Key water quality parameters consisted of temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, depth, clarity, and turbidity and analyzed using STORET Indeks. Three big clusters of existing mariculture activities are located in Kendari, Muna and Buton areas, collectively serving as both a source of mariculture products and a market destination or transit location. All surveyed locations of existing mariculture activities in SE Sulawesi show relatively optimal water quality conditions. Site capacity and suitability analysis of existing or potential areas of mariculture activities and development have largely not been considered by stakeholders involved in managing coastal areas, resulting in crowded and unmanaged development with multiple overlapping economic activities in some areas. Piloting of integrated ‘value-adding’ mariculture industries (e.g. raw material, processed products and ‘ready to eat’ industries) might help ease some if not all of the existing economic problems of the mariculture sector.
SEX DETERMINATION IN INDONESIAN PUFFERFISH Tetraodon palembangensis Bleeker, 1852: IMPLICATION FOR AQUACULTURE AND CONSERVATION
Authors: Nugraha Media Fitri Isma , Subamia I Wayan , Sudarto Sudarto , Purbowasito Wahyu
Published: October 2016

The study was based on eight specimens from a single population of Palembang pufferfish. We used a comprehensive approach comprise behavioral record, the Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA technique, exteriorly genital observation and the description of morphological coloration distinctive to recognize gender. Annotation from captivity has yielded that two genders in couple were possessed the prominent social respond in shoaling-fidelity. When the gonadal process has been released by maternal part, eggs and offspring were kept by male and there is no tolerable contact of female were given, here the female has become more cannibalism. Male adult has more brown-blackish and occasionally more flukes-dark on the half upper horizontal body it has less towering bulk and only has one genitalial hole. Female furthermore is recognizable with the present hight-bulk and has more yellow overall flukes in coloration and widely bright yellowish-dark from abdomental part to the edge of middle half of the body. Contrary, female has two genitalian holes. RAPD also has confirmed a concordance linkage what we are previously expected. We found an important mutation 176 bp for both gender. Among the scaffold obtained, scaffold 33 is a common scaffold identified within T. palembangensis and Takifugu, it has a sufficient score bit of 36.2 with a length of nucleotide 1,758,880 bp. Moreover, this scaffold is the result from primer OPP-19 in the female of T. palembangensis, we thus can finally distinguish their sex status. The scaffold 33 might relate to the gene SOX. Our attempt may hatch a new horizon for institutional developers, aquarist and conservationist in case of surety for sustainable natural population and to ensure their stock for consumption and trading ornament requirement.
IDENTIFICATION OF MAJALAYA COMMON CARP STRAINS RESISTANT TO KHV INFECTION USING CYCA-DAB1*05 ALLELE AS THE MARKER
Authors: Alimuddin Alimuddin , Mubinun Mubinun , Santika Ayi , Carman Odang , Faizal Irvan , Sumantadinata Komar
Published: October 2016

The Cyca-DAB1*05 allele of major histocompatibility complex class II genes is recently suggested to have a link with the European common carp strain resistant to koi herpesvirus (KHV). In this study, a set of specific primers for Cyca-DAB1*05 was designed and applied as a marker to identify broodstocks of majalaya common carp strain subsequently used as a candidate resistant to KHV infection. From a total of 23 broodstock subjected to PCR analysis, two female and male fish, both having (P) and no Cyca-DAB1*05 (N), were selected and then diallelly mated. Disease resistance of progenies from 10 crosses was determined by a survival analysis in pond rearing and a laboratory challenge-test using cohabitation method. The results have revealed that the average survivals of PxP progenies for pond rearing and KHV challenge test were 86% and 100% higher (P < 0.05) respectively compared to that of NxN fish. Survival rate of PxN/NxP progenies was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that of PxP fish. Furthermore, PCR analysis showed that almost 91% progenies of PxP crosses seemed to have a KHV resistant gene marker. Thus, this study suggests that the marker is associated with the KHV resistance in majalaya common carp strain, and farming of PxP progenies can be useful to increase common carp production.
IN VITRO ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITIES OF INDONESIAN MARINE SPONGE AAPTOS AAPTOS AND CALLYSPONGIA PSEUDORETICULATA EXTRACTS AND THEIR TOXICITY AGAINST Vibrio spp.
Authors: Rosmiati Rosmiati , Mohamad Habsah , Muhammad Tengku Sifzizul Tengku , Musa Najiah , Ahmad Aziz , Ismail Noraznawati , Mohamad Farida , Nurhidayah Nurhidayah
Published: October 2016

Vibriosis is one of diseases which often results in mass mortality of Penaeus monodon larval rearing systems. It attacks shrimp of all stages in zoea, mysis and shrimp postlarva stage. This disease is caused by Vibrio spp, particularly Vibrio harveyi (a luminescent bacterium). Several kinds of antibiotics and chemical material have been used to overcome the disease but they have side effects to environment and human. The searching of bioactive compounds as an alternative treatment has been done for multi purposes. In this study diethyl eter, butanol and aqueous extract of Indonesian sponges Aaptos aaptos and Callyspongia pseudoreticulata were tested for in vitro activity against Vibrio spp. and Vibrio harveyi by using disc diffusion method. The result showed that all extracts of Aaptos aaptos gave a positive antibacterial activity towards those pathogenic bacteria. Meanwhile, only butanol extract of Callyspongia pseudoreticulata obtained to exhibit an antibacterial activity on those pathogenic bacteria. The strong anti-vibrio activity were shown by butanol and aqueous extract of Aaptos aaptos with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.313 and 0.625 mg/mL, respectively. Whilst, the butanol extract of Callyspongia pseudoreticulata indicated a low antibacterial activity with the MIC value of 10 mg/mL. Toxicity of those active extracts was evaluated by Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST). Interestingly, butanol and aqueous extracts of Aaptos aaptos did not show any toxic effect in Artemia salina larvae up to 8 x MIC (2.504 mg/mL and 5.000 mg/mL). It is the first report for the anti-vibr io activity of both Aaptos aaptos and Callyspongia pseudoreticulata. This results suggest that Aaptos aaptos has a potential to be used as a source of alternative compound to vibriosis prevention for mariculture.
GENETIC VARIABILITY OF THREE POPULATIONS OF FLYING FISH, Hirundichthy oxycephalus FROM MAKASSAR STRAIT
Authors: Parenrengi Andi , Tenriulo Andi , Ali Syamsul Alam
Published: October 2016

Flying fish, Hirundichthy oxycephalus is one of economically important marine species to Indonesia, particularly in Makassar Strait and Flores Sea. However, there is a limited published data on genetic variation in molecular marker level of this species. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was employed in this study to determine the genetic variability of three populations of flying fish collected from Takalar, Pare-Pare, and Majene in Makassar Strait. Genomic DNA was isolated from preserved muscle tissue using phenol-chloroform technique. Two selected arbitrary primers (CA-01 and P-40) were performed to generate RAPD finger printing of flying fish populations. The two primers generated a total of 81 fragments (loci) and 50 polymorphic fragments with size ranging from 125 to 1,250 bp. There were no significant differences in number of fragment and number of polymorphic fragment among populations. The high polymorphism (63.5±7.4%) was obtained from Takalar population followed by Pare-Pare (58.3±19.6%) and Majene population (57.7±0.8%). Similarity index of individuals was 0.60±0.17 for Takalar, 0.63±0.17 for Majene and 0.75±0.21 for Pare-Pare population. Seven fragments were identified as species-specific markers of H. oxycephalus. The UPGMA cluster analysis showed that the Takalar population was genetically closer to Pare-Pare population (D= 0.0812) than to Majene population (D= 0.1873).
NUTRITIVE COMPOSITION OF RED TILAPIA REARED IN FRESHWATER AND BRACKISHWATER
Authors: Dewi Raden Roro Sri Pudji Sinarni , Setyawan Priadi , Tahapari Evi , Robisalmi Adam , Listiyowati Nunuk
Published: October 2016

The aim of this research was to investigate the nutritive composition (especially fatty acids) in red tilapia that was reared in freshwater and brackishwater. The fatty acid contents were determined by gas chromatography. The fatty acids profile were -3 (linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid/EPA, docosahexaenoic acid/DHA), -6 (linoleic acid, arachidonic acid/AA), and -9 (oleic acid). Red tilapia samples were obtained from Research Institute for Fish Breeding, Sukamandi, West Java (freshwater ponds) and Congot, Yogyakarta (brackishwater ponds; salinity 20 ppt). In this research, red tilapia reared in different ecosystems showed different fatty acid profiles. Red tilapia inhabiting brackishwater ecosystem has EPA (0.26±0.05%), DHA (3.42±0.26%), and linoleic acid (17.20±0.56%) content higher than freshwater ecosystem (EPA = 0%; DHA = 0.67±0.44%; linoleic acid = 9.08±4.76%), except for linolenic acid (0.30±0.15% vs 0.25±0.10%), arachidonic acid (0.77±0.39% vs 0.93±0.13%) and oleic acid (38.67±2.58% vs 37.44±0.74%). The ratio of -6/-3 in red tilapia inhabiting freshwater ecosystem was about 11/1. The culture tilapia in brackishwater ecosystem decrease -6/-3 ratio (4.5:1). So that for human health, it will be better to consume brackishwater red tilapia than freshwater red tilapia.