bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surface thermodynamic properties by reverse phase chromatography and visual traits using computer vision techniques on Amberlite XAD‐7 acrylic‐ester‐resin
Authors: Kumar Basivi Praveen , Hamieh Tayssir , Kakani Vijay , Rao Pasupuleti Visweswara , Pasupuleti Kedhareswara Sairam , Ramesh Sivalingam , Kim Moon‐Deock , Kim Chang Woo
Published: August 2022

In the current work, the surface thermodynamic properties of Amberlite XAD‐7 acrylic‐ester‐resin have been determined. The inverse gas chromatography (IGC) technique at infinite dilution was applied to estimate the London dispersive surface free energy was estimated by using the well‐known Fowkes equation, Dorris–Gray relation, Hamieh–Dorris–Gray model and six other molecular models based on the values of the surface areas of organic molecules and Hamieh model considering the thermal effect. The London dispersive surface free energy values are reduced by increasing temperature in all used methods and models. The Gibbs surface free energy of the adsorption values also decreased by increasing temperature in all 14 methods such as that of Swayer–Brookman, Saint–Flour Papirer, Donnet, Brendlé and Papirer, Chehimi et al, Hamieh methods (thermal method) and the methods of the enthalpy of vaporization as a function of the temperature and the standard enthalpy of formation and the six molecular models. The Lewis acidity parameter and Lewis basicity parameter, was calculated by the above stated 14 methods. The surface character “S” value was estimated to be greater than one in all the 14 methods. This indicate that the Amberlite XAD‐7 polymer material contains mostly basic sites than the acidic sites, and it can be strongly interactive with an acidic media. In addition, the visual traits such as pore size distribution, surface roughness and intricate surface morphology of the polymer resin in its original form have been explored using computer vision techniques.
Faecal elastase testing and factors linked with development of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in diabetes: the Belfast Trust experience
Authors: Johnston Philip C , Thompson Judith , Roberts Brona , McKee Allison , Taylor Mark , Ellison Victoria
Published: August 2022

Background: Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) is characterised by inadequate secretion of pancreatic enzymes and can result in significant gastrointestinal symptoms, malabsorption and increased morbidity.

Aims: To evaluate testing for PEI (with faecal elastase – FEL‐1) among patients with diabetes mellitus in the Belfast Trust, and to identify factors that were associated with the development of PEI.

Methods: Clinical and laboratory data were obtained from electronic health care records. PEI was assessed by FEL‐1. Based on FEL‐1 levels (μg/g faeces), patients were categorised to have severe PEI (<100), moderate PEI (100–200) and normal (>200). A retrospective analysis of all FEL‐1 samples in patients with diabetes mellitus/pre‐diabetes between 1 February 2019 and 1 February 2020 was undertaken.

Results: Of the 536 FEL‐1 samples analysed by the Belfast Trust over the 12‐month period, 162 (30%) were from diabetic or pre‐diabetic patients. A total of 128 (80%) had normal FEL‐1 results, nine (5%) moderate PEI, and 25 (15%) severe PEI. Of the 34 with PEI, 30/34 (88%) had gastrointestinal symptoms at diagnosis of PEI. For those with PEI, three had type 1 diabetes, 15 had type 2 diabetes, 16 had secondary diabetes mellitus; 28/34 (82%) were not on pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy previously. Source of testing for those confirmed with PEI included inpatients (n=12), general practice patients (n=5) and outpatients (n=17). PEI was associated more with male gender, those with type 3c diabetes (pancreatic diabetes) and worse glycaemic control.

Summary: From our cohort, 1 in 4 FEL‐1 samples sent from patients with diabetes had PEI. There is potential for targeted screening for symptoms in this population which could increase diagnostic rates of PEI and subsequent treatment with pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy. Copyright © 2022 John Wiley & Sons.
School‐based racial microaggressions and depression among Indigenous young adults
Authors: Holter Olivia G. , Goforth Anisa N. , Pyke‐Pierce Kristen , Aguilar Lisa N. , Belcourt Annie
Published: August 2022

Previous research on the risk factors for the development of mental health disorders among Indigenous Peoples in the United States suggest that experiencing prejudice is correlated with the development of psychopathology. However, the relation between school‐based prejudice, including microaggressions, and the development of depression remains unexamined. As such, the current study is an exploratory analysis among a small sample (N = 47) of age 18–25 Indigenous young adults from the American Northwest examining the predictive relation between their retrospective recall of school‐based racial microaggressions as measured by the School‐Based Racial and Ethnic Microaggressions Subscale and their current levels of depressive symptoms in adulthood as measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. There was a statistically significant predictive relation found between participant's retrospective recall of microaggressions and their current levels of depression as young adults. As such, the practice and policy implications for school‐based professionals are discussed.
Phase Contrast X‐Ray Imaging of the Collapse of an Engineered Void in Single‐Crystal HMX
Authors: Blum‐Sorensen Christian J. , Duarte Camilo A. , Drake Jonathan D. , Kerschen Nicholas E. , Fezzaa Kamel , Koslowski Marisol , Chen Weinong W. , Son Steven F.
Published: August 2022

Imaging the collapse of a single void that creates a hot spot initiation site in an otherwise defect‐free explosive is challenging given the spatial and temporal scales involved in explosive systems. This work presents our attempt to examine a single hot spot mode (void collapse) in single‐crystal octahydro‐l,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐l,3,5,7‐tetrazocine (HMX) embedded in Sylgard. The hot spot heating mechanisms involved with pore collapse include adiabatic heating, jetting, and viscoplastic dissipation. Quantifying the dynamics of a pore collapse is a crucial step to understanding which mechanisms dominate during ignition events. Our experiments were conducted with a single‐stage, light‐gas gun at Argonne National Laboratory's Advanced Photon Source, applying the phase contrast imaging technique while collecting high‐speed video. The details of HMX single crystal production, defect (pore) engineering, and sample construction, along with experimental results are presented here. These results demonstrate that detailed collapse dynamics can be obtained from homogeneous, single‐crystal explosives with this approach. Qualitative comparisons are made with simulation data which show good agreement in the transition between a quasi‐symmetric pore collapse and an asymmetric collapse with jetting across the pore as measured with normalized pore area and pore circularity.
Better preservation of erectile function in localized prostate cancer patients with modern proton therapy: Is it cost‐effective?
Authors: Li Guo , Xia Yun‐Fei , Huang Yi‐Xiang , Okat Deniz , Qiu Bo , Doyen Jerome , Bondiau Pierre‐Yves , Benezery Karen , Gao Jin , Qian Chao‐Nan
Published: August 2022

Background

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has gradually been recognized as favorable curative treatment for localized prostate cancer (PC). However, the high rate of erectile dysfunction (ED) after traditional photon‐based SBRT remains an ongoing challenge that greatly impacts the quality of life of PC survivors. Modern proton therapy allows higher conformal SBRT delivery and has the potential to reduce ED occurrence but its cost‐effectiveness remains uninvestigated.

Methods

A Markov decision model was designed to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of proton SBRT versus photon SBRT in reducing irradiation‐related ED. Base‐case evaluation was performed on a 66‐year‐old (median age of PC) localized PC patient with normal pretreatment erectile function. Further, stratified analyses were performed for different age groups (50, 55, 60, 65, 70, and 75 years) and threshold analyses were conducted to estimate cost‐effective scenarios. A Chinese societal willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) threshold (37,653 US dollars [$])/quality‐adjusted life‐year [QALY]) was adopted.

Results

For the base case, protons provided an additional 0.152 QALY at an additional cost of $7233.4, and the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio was $47,456.5/QALY. Protons was cost‐effective for patients ≤62‐year‐old at the WTP of China (≤66‐year‐old at a WTP of $50,000/QALY; ≤73‐year‐old at a WTP of $100,000/QALY). For patients at median age, once the current proton cost ($18,000) was reduced to ≤$16,505.7 or the patient had a life expectancy ≥88 years, protons were cost‐effective at the WTP of China.

Conclusions

Upon assumption‐based modeling, the results of current study support the use of proton SBRT in younger localized PC patients who are previously potent, for better preservation of erectile function. The findings await further validation using data from future comparative clinical trials.
Mechanism and Conductance Range Enhancement of TiN/AlOx/AlOy/ITO Synaptic Devices
Authors: Zhang Yujian , Zhang Kailiang , Zhao Xuanyu , Sun Zheng , Zhou Qiaozhen , Shan Xin , Lin Xin , Liu Kunming , Ma Zexia , Shan Ke , Wang Fang
Published: August 2022

Enhancement of the conductance range of memristors used in synaptic devices is essential for achieving high‐performance neural networks. Herein, a memristor based on the stack structure of TiN/AlO
x
/AlO
y
/ITO is designed to enhance the conductance range. The AlO
x
/AlO
y
devices exhibit pseudointerface switching characteristics with higher switching ratios and reliability under a compliance current of 1 mA. The high‐resistance state/low‐resistance state ratio of the AlO
x
/AlO
y
devices increases from 11.4 to 128.6 compared with the AlO
x
devices. Accompanied by high‐conductance linearity, the conductance range increases from 36–202 to 25–280 μS simultaneously. Based on the related electrical properties and microstructure analysis, the regulation mechanism of the formation and rupture of conductive filaments by the oxygen concentration gradient is demonstrated. Simulations using the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) handwritten recognition data set prove that the AlO
x
/AlO
y
memristor can operate with a learning accuracy of 91.07%.
High‐quality trials and pharmacological studies needed as translational evidence for the application of traditional Chinese medicine Lianhua Qingwen against COVID‐19
Authors: Huang Nan , Li Saichao
Published: August 2022

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been employed as complementary medication against COVID‐19 in China since 2020. Two years since then, TCM, with Lianhua Qingwen (LHQW) as an example, has been included in every version of official clinical protocol guidelines. Recently, LHQW is even distributed to general public at risk but not yet infected. Such common application and widely claimed positive outcome among mild to moderate patients were accompanied by a number of published studies on antiviral, antiinflammatory, and immune modulatory potential using either in vitro or animal models. However, aside from retrospective understanding and open‐labeled clinical trials with relatively small subject size, major gap in conclusive proof for efficacy and safety remains due to the lack of double‐blind placebo‐controlled studies and comprehensive pharmacodynamic and kinetic investigations. This is also supported by a recent WHO expert meeting on this subject, which acknowledged the potential benefits of TCM in mild–moderate cases, while recommended more rigorous studies to further understand effect size, application implications, and outcome determinants. Therefore, there is an urgent need to address the exact role TCM like LHQW could play in COVID‐19 management from translational evidence‐based perspective. High‐quality clinical trials, pharmacological studies, and real‐world data from recent outbreak are recommended.
Adaptive neural consensus tracking control of distributed nonlinear multiagent systems with unmodeled dynamics
Authors: Jiang Hao , Su Wei , Niu Ben , Wang Huanqing , Zhang Jiaming
Published: August 2022

This paper aims to address the adaptive consensus tracking control problem for distributed nonlinear multi‐agent systems with unmodeled dynamics. It should be emphasized that each considered follower is modeled as a nonlinear non‐strict feedback system in which the control gains are unknown functions rather than constants. By applying an inherent property of radial basis function (RBF) neural networks (NNs) and the introduced dynamics signals, the design difficulties aroused from unknown nonlinearities and unmodeled dynamics are overcome such that the control purpose can be achieved. Then, based on adaptive backstepping methods, a new consensus tracking control protocol is proposed. It is shown that the closed‐loop systems are stable and all the outputs of followers ultimately track the reference signal, that is, the output of the leader, synchronously. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control protocol is illustrated through the simulation results.
The height of record‐biased trees
Authors: Corsini Benoît
Published: August 2022

Given a permutation , its corresponding binary search tree is obtained by recursively inserting the values into a binary tree so that the label of each node is larger than the labels of its left subtree and smaller than the labels of its right subtree. In this article, we study the height of binary search trees drawn from the record‐biased model of permutations whose probability measure on the set of permutations is proportional to , where . We show that the height of a binary search tree built from a record‐biased permutation of size with parameter is of order , hence extending previous results of Devroye on the height or random binary search trees.
Mechanical behaviors and their correlations of ultra‐high‐performance fiber‐reinforced concretes with various steel fiber types
Authors: Nguyen Duy‐Liem , Thai Duc‐Kien , Nguyen H. T. Tai , Tran Ngoc Thanh , Phan Tan‐Duy , Kim Dong Joo
Published: August 2022

The mechanical behaviors and their correlations of ultra‐high‐performance fiber‐reinforced concretes (UHPFRCs) with various steel fiber types were highlighted in this investigation based on the experiment combined with sectional analysis. Under compression, five fiber types with 2.0 vol% were investigated as follows: no fibers (PL), long twisted fibers (LT), long hook fibers (LH), long smooth fibers (LS) and hybrid fibers (HB, 1% twisted blended with 1% short smooth fibers). The LT revealed the highest compressive strength and strain capacity whereas the PL exhibited the lowest ones. Compared to the PL, the HB produced significant enhancements in strength, elastic modulus and deformation capacity under compression, tension and bending. The order in effectiveness of strength enhancement owing to additional hybrid fibers was as follows: bending > tensile > compressive loading. Based on sectional analyses, the enhancements in moment resistance of UHPFRC beams were closely correlated with higher compressive strength and smaller compressive strain capacity. Besides, the condition for first cracking at the bottom of UHPFRC beam was explored. Finally, a simplified model, based on the tensile response of UHPFRCs, for predicting the flexural resistances of the UHPFRC beams was proposed and validated.
Hierarchical Predictive Control to Frequency of DFIG‐Integrated Power System Based on Improved Dynamic Power Flow
Authors: Huang Jiejie , Li Shenghu
Published: August 2022

For the power system integrated with the doubly‐fed induction generators (DFIGs), the frequency regulation may be provided by the DFIGs in addition to the synchronous generators (SGs). With the model predictive control (MPC), the active power output of the DFIG is adjusted by predicting the system frequency with the dynamic power flow (DPF) algorithm. In this paper, the governor delay of the SGs is included to improve the accuracy of the DPF‐based prediction model. The DPF predicts the frequency response with the desired active power response of the DFIG. To reach the reference with the high accuracy and efficiency, the MPC‐based direct rotor current control is applied to adjust the active power output in coordination with the frequency regulation, forming the proposed hierarchical frequency control strategy. The mechanical transient of the DFIGs involving the shaft and pitch angle system is included in the DPF model to introduce the mechanical constraints of the DFIGs to the MPC. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
The upregulation of glutamate decarboxylase 67 against hippocampal excitability damage in male fetal rats by prenatal caffeine exposure
Authors: Lu Mengxi , He Xia , Jiao Zhexiao , Hu Zewen , Guo Zijing , Dai Shiyun , Wang Hui , Xu Dan
Published: August 2022

As a kind of xanthine alkaloid, caffeine is widely present in beverages, food, and analgesic drugs. Our previous studies have shown that prenatal caffeine exposure (PCE) can induce programmed hypersensitivity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis in offspring rats, which is involved in developing many chronic adult diseases. The present study further examined the potential molecular mechanism and toxicity targets of hippocampal dysfunction, which might mediate the programmed hypersensitivity of the HPA axis in offspring. Pregnant rats were intragastrically administered with 0, 30, and 120 mg/kg/day caffeine from gestational days (GD) 9–20, and the fetal rats were extracted at GD20. Rat fetal hippocampal H19‐7/IGF1R cell line was treated with caffeine, adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) agonist (CGS‐21680) or adenylate cyclase agonist (forskolin) plus caffeine. Compared with the control group, hippocampal neurons of male fetal rats by PCE displayed increased apoptosis and reduced synaptic plasticity, whereas glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) expression was increased. Moreover, the expression of A2AR was down‐regulated, PCE inhibited the cAMP/PKA/CREB/BDNF/TrkB pathway. Furthermore, the results in vitro were consistent with the in vivo study. Both CGS21680 and forskolin could reverse the above alteration caused by caffeine. These results indicated that PCE inhibits the BDNF pathway and mediates the hippocampus's glutamate (Glu) excitotoxicity. The compensatory up‐regulation of GAD67 unbalanced the Glu/gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic output, leading to the impaired negative feedback to the hypothalamus and hypersensitivity of the HPA axis.
Alzheimer's polygenic hazard score in SuperAgers: SuperGenes or SuperResilience?
Authors: Spencer Barbara E. , Banks Sarah J. , Dale Anders M. , Brewer James B. , Makowski‐Woidan Beth , Weintraub Sandra , Mesulam M.‐Marsel , Geula Changiz , Rogalski Emily
Published: August 2022

Introduction

SuperAgers are individuals over age 80 with superior episodic memory, at a level consistent with individuals 20 to 30 years their junior and who seem to show resistance to age‐related neurofibrillary degeneration. Here we examine whether low genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) contributes to SuperAgers’ unusually high episodic memory performance in advanced age.

Methods

The AD polygenic hazard score (PHS) was calculated for each SuperAger and cognitively normal participant and compared between groups.

Results

A total of 37 SuperAgers (73% female, mean [standard deviation] 82.7 [2.8] years old) and 35 controls (54% female, 83.7 [4.3] years old) were included. There was no significant difference in the AD PHS between SuperAgers and cognitively normal controls.

Discussion

Unusually successful cognitive aging cannot be simply explained by low polygenic risk for AD as assessed by common genetic variants. However, rare variants and common protective genetic factors may contribute to resistance or resilience.

Highlights

SuperAging cannot be simply explained by low polygenic risk for Alzheimer's disease.

Rare variants and common protective genetic factors may contribute to SuperAging.

A protective factors polygenic score may uncover mechanisms for SuperAging.
The “Alzheimer Village”: Assessment of Alzheimer's disease representations in the general population: A cross sectional phone survey
Authors: Pech Marion , Meillon Céline , Marquet Manon , Dartigues Jean‐François , Amieva Hélène
Published: August 2022

Introduction

In most countries, the societal view of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is very negative. The initiatives that are part of the so‐called “dementia‐friendly approach” aim not only at promoting well‐being and dignity of persons suffering from AD but also improving the way they are regarded and their inclusion in society. Unfortunately, scarce research has been conducted to assess whether such goals can be achieved. In France, the experimental Alzheimer Village in Dax is designed as a dementia‐friendly community. Due to the recent opening (2020) and the strong local media coverage of this project, a survey has been designed to determine whether the representations of AD have been impacted by such a project.

Methods

The survey was conducted before and after the opening of the Alzheimer Village in the city of Dax (hosting the village) and surrounding areas, and in a control city with similar socio‐demographics. The analyses intend to compare different dimensions of the representations and attitudes toward AD in the general population.

Results

A total of 423 persons living in the Alzheimer Village city (37.4% were men) and 415 persons living in the control city (40.2% were men) were interviewed, resulting in 838 complete questionnaires. The main results report significantly lower rating in the perception of loss of identity (β = −0.57, P = .014) and in the feeling of disgust for persons with AD (β = −0.61, P = .008) in the city hosting the village after the opening of the Alzheimer Village. No significant changes were seen in the control city sample.

Discussion

While societal representations of AD are very robust and difficult to change, this study suggests a modest but significant evolution of representations of AD in the surrounding areas of the Alzheimer Village.

Highlights

The French Alzheimer Village is one of the very few ones in the world.

This is the first study assessing the impact of an Alzheimer Village on disease representations.

After the opening of the village, attitudes toward Alzheimer's disease have changed.
Cytotoxic Activities of Bis‐cyclometalated M(III) Complexes (M=Rh, Ir) Containing 5‐substituted 1,10‐Phenanthroline or 4,4’‐substituted 2,2’‐Bipyridine Ligands
Authors: Graf Marion , Böttcher Hans‐Christian , Metzler‐Nolte Nils , Thavalingam Sugina , Mayer Peter
Published: August 2022

The synthesis and characterization of eight new bis‐cyclometalated compounds [M(ptpy)2(N^N)]PF6 (ptpy=2‐(p‐tolyl)pyridinato; N^N=5‐chloro‐1,10‐phenanthroline: M=Rh, 1; M=Ir, 2); N^N=5‐methyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline: M=Rh, 3; M=Ir, 4; N^N=4,4’‐diphenyl‐2,2’‐bipyridine: M=Rh, 5; M=Ir, 6; N^N=4,4’‐diamino‐2,2’‐bipyridine: M=Rh, 7; M=Ir, 8) are described. All compounds were characterized by spectroscopic means. Additionally, the molecular structures of compounds 4, 5, 6, and 8 in the crystal were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. To explore the cytotoxic properties of all new eight compounds, colorimetric assays (MTT assay) against prominent cancer cell lines, MCF‐7 and HT‐29, were performed. The determined IC50 values are in the low micromolar range, between 1.3‐5.6 μM. The most effective compounds are 1 and 2 with 5‐chloro‐substituted phenanthroline ligands, whereas the diamino‐substituted bipyridine ligands (5 and 6) are the least cytotoxic compounds. The tested complexes showed a significant increase in cytotoxicity, up to 25‐fold increase in MCF‐7 cancer cells, and up to 60‐fold increase in the HT‐29 cell line compared to the established anticancer compound cisplatin under identical conditions.
Operads
Authors: Heuts Gijs , Moerdijk Ieke
Published: August 2022

The theory of operads is a convenient framework to define various types of algebraic structures in many different contexts. In this first chapter we will define the notion of an operad as well as that of an algebra for an operad. We present several well-known examples.
Mapping Spaces and Bousfield Localizations
Authors: Heuts Gijs , Moerdijk Ieke
Published: August 2022

Recall from Section 8.3 that a left Bousfield localization of a model category ε is a different model structure on the same category with more weak equivalences, but the same cofibrations. We have seen several examples of these already, such as the Kan–Quillen model structure as a localization of the categorical model structure on simplicial sets, as well as the various model structures on the category of dendroidal sets. In the next chapter, it will be necessary to have a general method of constructing such localizations, starting only from a ‘basic’ model structure and a set of morphisms which one would like to make weak equivalences. We will establish the technique to do so in this chapter.
Dendroidal Spaces and ∞-Operads
Authors: Heuts Gijs , Moerdijk Ieke
Published: August 2022

Recall that a dendroidal set X is an ∞-operad if it satisfies the inner Kan condition; i.e., it has the extension property with respect to all inner horn inclusions of trees. In particular, this condition guarantees that if we interpret the sets X(T) as ‘sets of operations’ parametrized by the tree T, then there is a notion of composition of such operations (well-defined up to homotopy) when grafting trees T and Tʹ. In Section 12.1 we introduce an analogous condition for dendroidal spaces, namely the Segal condition. A dendroidal space X satisfying this condition is called a dendroidal Segal space and again there exists a notion of ‘composition of operations’, well-defined up to homotopy.
Simplicial Operads and ∞-Operads
Authors: Heuts Gijs , Moerdijk Ieke
Published: August 2022

In this final chapter we fulfil one of the main promises of this book, namely we prove that the homotopy theory of ∞-operads is equivalent to that of simplicial (or topological) operads. To prepare for this, Sections 14.1 and 14.2 establish some rather classical material on the homotopy theory of simplicial categories, most of it going back to the work of Dwyer and Kan. Then in Section 14.3 we establish a model structure on the category of simplicial operads in which the weak equivalences are the fully faithful and essentially surjective maps (in an appropriate interpretation of those terms).
Dendroidal Sets
Authors: Heuts Gijs , Moerdijk Ieke
Published: August 2022

In this chapter we will introduce the category of dendroidal sets, which is the main object of study of this book. The definition of a dendroidal set mirrors that of a simplicial set, except that the category Δ is replaced by a larger category Ω of trees. The morphisms in the latter category are the operad morphisms between the free operads generated by these trees.
Kan Conditions for Simplicial Sets
Authors: Heuts Gijs , Moerdijk Ieke
Published: August 2022

In this chapter we will define several important classes of simplicial sets and of maps between simplicial sets by extension and lifting conditions. These include the classical notions of Kan complexes and Kan fibrations, as well as the notion of inner Kan complex (or ∞-category). Kan complexes and Kan fibrations play a central role in homotopy theory and will therefore be of fundamental importance in Part II of this book.
Kan Conditions for Dendroidal Sets
Authors: Heuts Gijs , Moerdijk Ieke
Published: August 2022

In this chapterwe study extension conditions for dendroidal sets and lifting conditions for maps of dendroidal sets which parallel the conditions for simplicial sets of the previous chapter. The structure of this chapter follows the same plan to stress the analogy. The proofs of various pushout-product properties, which we develop in Section 6.3, become more technical in the case of dendroidal sets.
Model Categories
Authors: Heuts Gijs , Moerdijk Ieke
Published: August 2022

In [123] Quillen proposed an axiomatic framework for homotopy theory through the notion of a model structure on a category. Such a structure consists of three distinguished classes of morphisms, calledweak equivalences, fibrations, and cofibrations, required to satisfy several axioms reminiscent of the properties of the corresponding notions in the usual homotopy theory of topological spaces.
Model Structures on the Category of Simplicial Sets
Authors: Heuts Gijs , Moerdijk Ieke
Published: August 2022

In this chapter we will apply the formalism of Quillen model categories discussed in the previous chapter to the category of simplicial sets. In his first exposition of the theory of model categories, Quillen already showed that the category of simplicial sets carries a model structure for which the fibrant objects are the Kan complexes and the fibrations are the Kan fibrations (see Chapter 5 for a discussion of these notions).
Integration
Authors: Winter Fabian
Published: July 2022

Auf den quantitativen Teil in Kapitel 4 und den qualitativen Teil in Kapitel 5 folgt an dieser Stelle die Zusammenführung der beiden Untersuchungsteile, die auch Integration genannt wird. Wie bereits im methodischen Teil dargelegt, handelt es sich hierbei um das Herzstück einer jeden Mixed-Methods Studie. Ziel der Integration ist die Erklärung von Ergebnissen aus dem quantitativen Teil und somit die Beantwortung der in Abschnitt 3.3 formulierten Mixed-Methods Forschungsfrage (F4).
Warum der Blick auf gesellschaftliche Wertorientierungen für die Wahlforschung lohnenswert erscheint – eine Einleitung
Authors: Wurthmann L. Constantin
Published: July 2022

Das deutsche Parteiensystem befindet sich, ebenso wie Teile seiner Wählerschaft, in einem Umbruch. Galt es über Jahrzehnte als Hort vergleichsweise hoher Stabilität, mehren sich zuletzt Veränderungen einschneidender Natur. Setzte nach Gründung der Bundesrepublik Deutschland zunächst eine Konzentrationsphase bis Anfang der 1960er Jahre ein, bei der sich mit der Christlich Demokratischen Union Deutschlands (CDU) und ihrer bayerischen Schwesterpartei, der Christlich-Sozialen Union in Bayern e. V. (CSU), der Freien Demokratischen Partei (FDP) und der Sozialdemokratischen Partei Deutschlands (SPD) „sehr schnell ein stabiles Zweieinhalb-Parteiensystem“ herausbildete, haben sich bis zur Bundestagswahl 2017 nur drei strukturelle Umbrüche ergeben, die die Zusammensetzung der im Bundestag vertretenen Parteien betreffen.
International Partnerships and Curriculum Design
Authors: Reiffenrath Tanja , Thielsch Angelika
Published: August 2022

In recent years, efforts to internationalize teaching, learning, and the curriculum using digital media have increased and (higher) education institutions around the world have embraced virtual communication and collaboration to foster and maintain international partnerships. This chapter surveys linkages between international partnerships and curriculum design. Based on concepts and designs that can help to establish virtual joint educational initiatives within the framework of international (institutional) partnerships, this chapter introduces different curriculum design models and their implications for international partnerships in order to enable readers to initiate new curriculum design processes or evaluate existing curricula with regard to the involvement of and virtual collaboration with international partners.
Correlated signals of first-order phase transitions and primordial black hole evaporation
Authors: Marfatia Danny , Tseng Po-Yan
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Fermi balls produced in a cosmological first-order phase transition may collapse to primordial black holes (PBHs) if the fermion dark matter particles that comprise them interact via a sufficiently strong Yukawa force. We show that phase transitions described by a quartic thermal effective potential with vacuum energy, 0.1 ≲ B1/4/MeV ≲ 103, generate PBHs of mass, 10−20 ≲ MPBH/M⊙ ≲ 10−16, and gravitational waves from the phase transition (at THEIA/μAres) can be correlated with an isotropic extragalactic X-ray/γ-ray background from PBH evaporation (at AMEGO-X/e-ASTROGAM).
Filtered baryogenesis
Authors: Baker Michael J. , Breitbach Moritz , Kopp Joachim , Mittnacht Lukas , Soreq Yotam
Published: August 2022

Abstract

We propose a new mechanism to simultaneously explain the observed dark matter abundance and the baryon asymmetry of the Universe. The mechanism is based on the Filtered Dark Matter scenario, where dark matter particles acquire a large mass during a first-order phase transition. This implies that only a small fraction of them are energetic enough to enter the advancing true vacuum bubbles and survive until today, while the rest are reflected and annihilate away quickly. We supplement this scenario with a CP-violating interaction, which creates a chiral asymmetry in the population of dark matter particles. In the false vacuum phase, a portal interaction quickly converts the dark sector chiral asymmetry into a Standard Model lepton asymmetry. The lepton asymmetry is then partially converted to a baryon asymmetry by standard electroweak sphaleron processes. We discuss the dependence of the generated asymmetry on the parameters of the model for two different portal interactions and demonstrate successful baryogenesis for both. For one of the portals, it is also possible to simultaneously explain the observed dark matter abundance, over many orders of magnitude in the dark matter mass.
Light-cone distribution amplitudes of heavy mesons with QED effects
Authors: Beneke Martin , Böer Philipp , Toelstede Jan-Niklas , Vos K. Keri
Published: August 2022

Abstract

We discuss the QED-generalized leading-twist light-cone distribution amplitudes of heavy mesons, that appear in QCD QED factorization theorems for exclusive two-body B decays. In the presence of electrically charged particles, these functions should be more appropriately regarded as soft functions for heavy-meson decays into two back-to-back particles. In this paper, we derive the one-loop anomalous dimension of these soft functions and study their behaviour under renormalization-scale evolution, obtaining an exact solution in Laplace space. In addition, we provide numerical solutions for the soft functions and analytical solutions to all orders in the strong and to first order in the electromagnetic coupling. For the inverse (and inverse-logarithmic) moments, we obtain an all-order solution in both couplings. We further provide numerical estimates for QED corrections to the inverse moments.
Natural weathering of soft- and hardwoods modified by contact and flame charring methods
Authors: Kymäläinen M. , Lourençon T. V. , Lillqvist K.
Published: August 2022

Exterior cladding boards benefit from a known service life that makes planning of maintenance and replacement procedures easier. Among the different wood modification methods, surface charring of wood is expected to increase the lifespan of wooden elements in building façades. This paper reports the properties of surface charred Norway spruce, Scots pine and Silver birch in Southern Finnish climate over a natural weathering period of one year. Several modifications were examined, namely variants of contact and flame charring. These also included oiled and brushed surfaces. The flame charred samples of spruce and birch withstood the weathering well, with some minor flaking and cracking. The thick pine samples cracked extensively regardless of modification, raising questions on suitable density and thickness of wood destined for a charring modification. Contact charring did not seem suitable for outside uses at least in direct sunlight, as the colors faded, and surfaces cracked within all examined groups. The spectroscopical methods employed also revealed degradation of contact charred wood lignin, whereas the flame charred surface consisted mostly of recalcitrant carbon structures rather inert towards weathering. This highlights the importance of sufficient structural degradation of wood components in creating a weathering resistant surface, and also shows that a thicker thermally modified layer does not necessarily improve the weatherability in contact charred wood.
Non-persistence to antihypertensive drug therapy in Lithuania
Authors: Treciokiene Indre , Bratcikoviene Nomeda , Gulbinovic Jolanta , Wettermark Bjorn , Taxis Katja
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Poor persistence to antihypertensive therapy is an important cause of treatment failure. Investigating persistence is especially important in countries with a high cardiovascular mortality, like Lithuania. The aim of this study was to describe the antihypertensive treatment at initiation, to determine the percentage of patients not being persistent with antihypertensive treatment after 1 year and to explore factors associated with non-persistence.

Methods

In this cohort study, data on dispensed prescription medicines from the Lithuanian National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) were used. All adult patients with a diagnosis of hypertension having first antihypertensive dispensed in 2018 were included. Descriptive statistics was used to determine the number of patients started with monotherapy and combination therapy. Treatment choice by Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) and number of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) was described. Non-persistence was assessed using the anniversary method. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore factors associated with non-persistence.

Results

A total of 72,088 patients were included into the study, 56% started on monotherapy treatment, with 49% being dispensed an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, and 44% started on combination therapy. Overall, 57% of patients were non-persistent after 1 year. Patients’ gender and prescriber qualification showed no association with non-persistence. Younger patients, patients from rural area, patients started with monotherapy, and patients with no medication change had higher odds to become non-persistent.

Conclusions

The majority of patients were initiated with treatment following hypertension management guidelines, but it is of concern that over half of the patients were non-persistent to antihypertensive therapy in the first year.
Greenhouse-gas forced changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and related worldwide sea-level change
Authors: Couldrey Matthew P. , Gregory Jonathan M. , Dong Xiao , Garuba Oluwayemi , Haak Helmuth , Hu Aixue , Hurlin William J. , Jin Jiangbo , Jungclaus Johann , Köhl Armin , Liu Hailong , Ojha Sayantani , Saenko Oleg A. , Savita Abhishek , Suzuki Tatsuo , Yu Zipeng , Zanna Laure
Published: August 2022

The effect of anthropogenic climate change in the ocean is challenging to project because atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) respond differently to forcing. This study focuses on changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), ocean heat content ($$\Delta$$
Δ
OHC), and the spatial pattern of ocean dynamic sea level ($$\Delta \zeta$$

Δ
ζ

). We analyse experiments following the FAFMIP protocol, in which AOGCMs are forced at the ocean surface with standardised heat, freshwater and momentum flux perturbations, typical of those produced by doubling $$\hbox {CO}_{{2}}$$

CO
2

. Using two new heat-flux-forced experiments, we find that the AMOC weakening is mainly caused by and linearly related to the North Atlantic heat flux perturbation, and further weakened by a positive coupled heat flux feedback. The quantitative relationships are model-dependent, but few models show significant AMOC change due to freshwater or momentum forcing, or to heat flux forcing outside the North Atlantic. AMOC decline causes warming at the South Atlantic-Southern Ocean interface. It does not strongly affect the global-mean vertical distribution of $$\Delta$$
Δ
OHC, which is dominated by the Southern Ocean. AMOC decline strongly affects $$\Delta \zeta$$

Δ
ζ

in the North Atlantic, with smaller effects in the Southern Ocean and North Pacific. The ensemble-mean $$\Delta \zeta$$

Δ
ζ

and $$\Delta$$
Δ
OHC patterns are mostly attributable to the heat added by the flux perturbation, with smaller effects from ocean heat and salinity redistribution. The ensemble spread, on the other hand, is largely due to redistribution, with pronounced disagreement among the AOGCMs.
Glomerular filtration rate in critically ill neonates and children: creatinine-based estimations versus iohexol-based measurements
Authors: Smeets Nori J. L. , Teunissen Esther M. M. , van der Velden Kim , van der Burgh Maurice J. P. , Linders Demi E. , Teesselink Elodie , Moes Dirk-Jan A. R. , Tøndel Camilla , ter Heine Rob , van Heijst Arno , Schreuder Michiel F. , de Wildt Saskia N.
Published: August 2022

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) and augmented renal clearance (ARC), both alterations of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), are prevalent in critically ill children and neonates. AKI and ARC prevalence estimates are based on estimation of GFR (eGFR) using serum creatinine (SCr), which is known to be inaccurate. We aimed to test our hypothesis that AKI prevalence will be higher and ARC prevalence will be lower in critically ill children when using iohexol-based measured GFR (mGFR), rather than using eGFR. Additionally, we aimed to investigate the performance of different SCr-based eGFR methods.

Methods

In this single-center prospective study, critically ill term-born neonates and children were included. mGFR was calculated using a plasma disappearance curve after parenteral administration of iohexol. AKI diagnosis was based on the KDIGO criteria, SCr-based eGFR, and creatinine clearance (CrCL). Differences between eGFR and mGFR were determined using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and by calculating bias and accuracy (percentage of eGFR values within 30% of mGFR values).

Results

One hundred five children, including 43 neonates, were included. AKI prevalence was higher based on mGFR (48%), than with KDIGO or eGFR (11–40%). ARC prevalence was lower with mGFR (24%) compared to eGFR (38–51%). eGFR equations significantly overestimated mGFR (60–71 versus 41 ml/min/1.73 m2, p < 0.001–0.002). Accuracy was highest with eGFR equations based on age- and sex-dependent equations (up to 59%).

Conclusion

Iohexol-based AKI prevalence was higher and ARC prevalence lower compared to standard SCr-based eGFR methods. Age- and sex-dependent equations for eGFR (eGFR-Smeets for neonates and eGFR-Pierce for children) best approached measured GFR and should preferably be used to optimize diagnosis of AKI and ARC in this population.

Graphical Abstract

A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information
Homodimeric complexes of the 90–231 human prion: a multilayered computational study based on FMO/GRID-DRY approach
Authors: Paciotti Roberto , Storchi Loriano , Marrone Alessandro
Published: August 2022

The molecular interaction properties and aggregation capabilities disclosed by PrP-E200K, a pathogenic mutant of the human prion protein, were investigated in detail using multilayered computational approaches. In a previous work, we reported that the electrostatic complementarity between region1 (negative) and region3 (positive) has been assumed to lead to a head-to tail interaction between 120 and 231 PrP-E200K units and to initiation of the aggregation process. In this work, we extended the PrP-E200K structure by including the unstructured 90–120 segment which was found to assume different conformations. Plausible models of 90–231 PrP-E200K dimers were calculated and analyzed in depth to identify the nature of the involved protein–protein interactions. The unstructured 90–120 segment was found to extend the positively charged region3 involved in the association of PrP-E200K units which resulted to be driven by hydrophobic interactions. The combination of molecular dynamics, protein–protein docking, grid-based mapping, and fragment molecular orbital approaches allowed us to provide a plausible mechanism of the early state of 90–231 PrP-E200K aggregation, considered a preliminary step of amyloid conversion.
Social ties and home bias in mergers and acquisitions
Authors: Carril-Caccia Federico , Garmendia-Lazcano Aitor , Minondo Asier
Published: August 2022

This paper explores whether social ties, proxied by Facebook friendship links, can explain why the number and value of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) are greater within countries than between countries. We find that social ties are positively correlated with the number and value of M&As. We also demonstrate that the home bias in M&As is greatly reduced once we control for the differences in social ties between and within countries. We further find that social ties particularly facilitate M&As when the level of corruption is high, press freedom is limited in the target country, and there are more cultural differences between the acquirer and target countries.
Cancer-specific mortality in breast cancer patients with hypothyroidism: a UK population-based study
Authors: McVicker Lauren , Cardwell Christopher R. , McIntosh Stuart A. , McMenamin Úna C.
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Epidemiological studies have indicated a higher prevalence of hypothyroidism in breast cancer patients, possibly related to shared risk factors and breast cancer treatments. However, few studies have evaluated how hypothyroidism impacts survival outcomes in breast cancer patients. We aimed to determine the association between hypothyroidism and breast cancer-specific and all-cause mortality.

Methods

We conducted a population-based study using the Scottish Cancer Registry to identify women diagnosed with breast cancer between 2010 and 2017. A matched comparison cohort of breast cancer-free women was also identified. Using hospital diagnoses and dispensed prescriptions for levothyroxine, we identified hypothyroidism diagnosed before and after breast cancer diagnosis and determined associations with breast cancer-specific and all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for potential confounders.

Results

A total of 33,500 breast cancer patients were identified, of which 3,802 had hypothyroidism before breast cancer diagnosis and 565 patients went on to develop hypothyroidism after. Breast cancer patients had higher rates of hypothyroidism compared with cancer-free controls (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.01–1.30). Among breast cancer patients, we found no association between hypothyroidism (diagnosed before or after) and cancer-specific mortality (before: HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.88–1.12, after: HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.63–1.49). Similar associations were seen for all-cause mortality.

Conclusion

In a large contemporary breast cancer cohort, there was little evidence that hypothyroidism, either at diagnosis or diagnosed after breast cancer, was associated with cancer-specific or all-cause mortality.