bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A 15-Year Progress Report on the Presence of Humanistic/Existential Psychology Principles in Mental Health Outcome Measurement: Thematic Discourse and Summative Content Analyses
Authors: Bland Andrew M.
Published: February 2022

Fifteen years ago, Pfaffenberger (2006) applied five implicit paradigmatic assumptions identified by Slife of the dominant positivistic medical model paradigm—hedonism, universalism, atomism, materialism, and objectivism—to psychotherapy outcome research and its practice implications. Her applied theoretical essay revealed critical issues involving hidden power and privilege dynamics therein. Furthermore, Levitt et al.’s (2005) research examined nine then-common outcome instruments to determine the extent to which their item content reflected humanistic psychology principles in nine domains derived from the authors’ systematic review and thematic analysis of the humanistic literature. Their content analysis revealed that the majority of those domains were inadequately represented. In this article, using thematic discourse analysis (aka latent thematic analysis), I first identify how the philosophical and political assumptions summarized by Pfaffenberger are apparent in three outcome instruments that are commonly used in U.S. community mental health settings today: the Adult Needs and Strengths Assessment, the Ohio Mental Health Consumer Outcomes System, and the DSM-5 assessment measures. As part of my analysis, I contrast paradigmatic assumptions of the medical model with those of humanistic/existential psychology as a basis for contextualizing and understanding the implications of measurement-based care as articulated through the two discourses. Then, second, based on a summative content analysis of the three instruments, I report on the progress that both has been and remains to be made in their item content since Levitt et al. noted the general dearth of humanistic principles in mental health outcome measurement. Suggestions for future research and instrument development are discussed.
Therapists in the Uniformed Services: Improving Care in Emergency Response Medical Missions
Authors: Otto Josef S. , Chase Carla , Barrett Christopher W.
Published: February 2022

People diagnosed with COVID-19 who require hospitalization are primarily admitted secondary to shortness of breath because of hypoxia but also display difficulties with overall muscle weakness, which could impair gait, activities of daily living, speech, cognitive-linguistics, or swallowing. This article provides a clinical perspective of how a physical therapist, occupational therapist, and speech language pathologist in the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps were deployed with an augmentation team and how they improved care at a hospital that was overwhelmed with patients diagnosed with COVID-19. The rehabilitation team completed 246 evaluation and treatment encounters in a 12-day period and began seeing patients within 24 hours on-site. After the rehabilitation team arrived, patients were noted to be more mobile, independent in activities of daily living, and able to tolerate the least restrictive diets without signs and symptoms of aspiration. As a result of rehabilitation services, safe discharges were expedited, length of stay was reduced, and the hospitals’ inpatient admission capacity was maximized. The augmentation team learned the importance of including rehabilitation specialties for treating patients with COVID-19. Mobilizing rehabilitation specialties along with medical and nursing staff helps maximize the overall recovery, health, and outcomes for patients. Leadership that is responsible for the development and deployment of future medical teams in military, emergency response, and public health efforts should consider all therapy disciplines as an essential component for each team.
CMYK channel modification to optimize optical yarn color mixing effects for multicolored Jacquard artwork reproduction
Authors: Kim Ken Ri , Xin John H , Zeng Lei
Published: February 2022

Multicolored Jacquard artwork reproduction has been limited by the current setting of weaving machinery. Novel weaving applications have been introduced to overcome these current restrictions. The subtractive cyan, magenta, yellow and black system used for color printing has been important in optical yarn color mixing of Jacquard color production, because a wide scope of weave color production is possible with a small number of weft yarns. Previously, cyan, magenta, and yellow channels have been modified to resolve current restrictions in reproducing saturated black and secondary colors, but these experiments have not been successful. However, the generation of secondary color ranges is possible by mixing a pair of cyan, magenta, and yellow color yarns. In addition, it is feasible to control chroma levels of primary and secondary colors by mixing with a black yarn. Therefore, the potential of using four weft yarn colors is re-examined for the reproduction of multicolored artworks in relation to cost and production efficiency. Based on a mathematical morphology theory, cyan, magenta, and yellow color channels are altered in the use of image processing tools offered by Adobe Photoshop. A pair of the three color channels is combined under mathematical functions and they are modified through four steps. As a result, new cyan, magenta, and yellow color channels are created to optimize optical yarn color mixing effects. This study introduces details of the cyan, magenta, and yellow channel modification process and experiment results that examine the significance of the newly developed cyan, magenta, and yellow color channels.
Prevalence of night eating syndrome among inbound call centre employees in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Authors: Anthonisamy AN , Misra S , Barua A
Published: February 2022

Background: Night eating syndrome (NES) is described as a disordered eating pattern relative to sleep, where consumption of food occurs in the evening and night. Numerous studies had been conducted in various populations but studies on (NES) among call centre employees are limited. Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of NES and its determinants among selected inbound call centre employees in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 217 inbound call centre employees were recruited through random sampling. A self-administered socio-demographic and work-related questionnaire was used to collect data on the background of the respondents. Information on NES and well-being was obtained by using the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ) and World Health Organisation-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) respectively. Data on dietary intakes, smoking habits, alcohol intakes and life stress were acquired using a Simple Lifestyle Indicator Questionnaire (SLIQ) while eating behaviour of the respondents was studied using the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-18). Results: The mean age of the respondents was 24.1 ± 6.0 years. The prevalence of NES was 12.0% (95% CI = 8.12–17.24). The binary logistic regression identified that NES is significantly associated with adequate exercise (AOR = 4.250, p = 0.012) and emotional eating (AOR = 6.510, p = 0.014). Conclusion: This study showed that the prevalence of NES was high in the call centre and repeated nocturnal eating can have multiple adverse health effects. Therefore, promoting healthy eating habits are crucial to reduce the impacts of NES.
The experiences, perceptions, and support needs among family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer and eating problems: An integrative review
Authors: Hui-Lin Cheng , Ting Gan
Published: February 2022

Background:

Advanced cancer patients often present with numerous eating problems, posing a significant challenge for family caregivers during the provision of nutritional care.

Aim:

To systematically identify and synthesize empirical literature on the experiences, perceptions, and support needs of family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer and eating problems to ascertain directions for future research.

Design:

Integrative review guided by Whittemore and Knafl’s methodological framework.

Data sources:

Five electronic databases were searched from their inception to April 2021. Studies were eligible if they examined family caregivers’ perspectives and experiences when caring for their relatives with advanced cancer and eating problems and were primary quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods studies published in English-language peer-reviewed journals. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to evaluate the quality of the studies.

Results:

Twenty-seven papers from 21 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in this review. The included papers were mostly qualitative studies and were of moderate to high methodological quality. Three themes were identified: (a) multiple negative effects of advanced cancer patients’ eating problems; (b) coping responses in managing advanced cancer patients’ eating problems; and (c) unmet support needs in the provision of nutritional care.

Conclusions:

Research on the studied topic was descriptive and predominantly qualitative in nature. Quantitative research examining the impact of caregiving experiences in relation to food and eating in the context of advanced cancer patients is the first important step moving this research area forward.
To Pave or Not to Pave: A Framework for Systematic Decision Making in the Choice of Paving Technologies for Rural Roads
Authors: Muzira Stephen , Qiao Wenxin
Published: February 2022

Investment in road infrastructure is an integral part of the development strategy of any country. The challenge for policy makers, road planners, and engineers is to provide roads that meet their functional and structural requirements in a cost-effective way. The spectrum of options ranges from earth to gravel, to low-cost surface treatments, to full paving with asphalt or concrete. The key question is, which roads to pave and which ones not to pave. Standard practice in rural road project evaluation is based on an economic analysis that uses a discounted comparison of the costs and benefits of paving versus nonpaving solutions over the project life cycle. The benefits identified are usually related to travel time and vehicle operating cost savings, and fail to capture important but hard-to-quantify benefits such as climate resilience, dust avoidance, land value improvements, benefits to nonmotorized transport users, and the reliability of the road in the rainy season. This paper presents a paradigm shift and introduces the Systematic PAving DEcision model—SPADE—which considers variables under a multicriteria analysis that affects the paving decision in a systematic and holistic way, while maintaining economic justification.
Perpetration of Image-Based Sexual Abuse: Extent, Nature and Correlates in a Multi-Country Sample
Authors: Powell Anastasia , Scott Adrian J. , Flynn Asher , McCook Sarah
Published: February 2022

Image-based sexual abuse (IBSA) is a form of technology-facilitated abuse in which intimate (nude or sexual) images of a person are taken, distributed, or threats are made to distribute the images, without a person’s consent. It is an increasingly criminalized form of sexual abuse, and yet little is known about the perpetrators of these harms, including the extent, relational nature and correlates of perpetration. This article reports on the first multi-country survey study to comprehensively investigate IBSA perpetration. An online panel survey of the general community (aged 16–64 years) in the United Kingdom (UK), Australia, and New Zealand (NZ) ( n = 6109) found that self-reported IBSA perpetration was relatively common, with one in six (17.5%, n = 1070) respondents engaging in at least one form of IBSA. Logistic regression analyses identified nine characteristics that significantly increased the odds of having engaged in IBSA perpetration during their lifetime, namely: residing in the NZ as opposed to the UK or Australia, being male, having disability/assistance needs, holding attitudes that minimize the harms and excuse the perpetrators of IBSA, engaging in online dating behaviors, engaging in sexual self-image behaviors, and experiencing IBSA victimization (images taken, images distributed, and images threatened). Policy and prevention implications of the findings, as well as directions for future research are discussed.
Retrospective Evaluation of Intrapleural Tissue Plasminogen Activator With or Without Dornase Alfa for the Treatment of Traumatic Retained Hemothorax: A 6-Year Experience
Authors: Janowak Christopher Francis , Becker Bradley Robert , Philpott Carolyn Dosen , Makley Amy Teres , Mueller Eric William , Droege Christopher Allen , Droege Molly Elizabeth
Published: February 2022

Background:

Intrapleural fibrinolytic instillation is second-line treatment for retained hemothorax. Dornase alfa (DNase) has demonstrated efficacy in parapneumonic effusion, but the lack of deoxyribonucleoproteins limits direct extrapolation to traumatic retained hemothorax treatment.

Objective:

This study evaluated the effectiveness of intrapleural tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) with and without DNase in the treatment of retained traumatic hemothorax.

Methods:

This retrospective cohort study included patients aged 16 years and older admitted to a level 1 trauma center from January 2013 through July 2019 with retained hemothorax and one or more intrapleural tPA instillations. Exclusion criteria were tPA for other indications or concomitant empyema. The primary endpoint was treatment failure defined as the need for operative intervention.

Results:

Fifty patients were included (tPA alone: 28; tPA with DNase: 22). Baseline characteristics were similar between groups, including time to diagnosis (6.5 [interquartile range (IQR), 4-15.5] days vs 6 [IQR, 6.3-10.8] days, P = 0.52). Median tPA dose per treatment (6 [IQR, 6-6.4] mg vs 10 [IQR, 8.4-10] mg, P < 0.001) and cumulative tPA (18 [IQR, 6.5-24] mg vs 30 [IQR, 29.5-40], P < 0.001) dose were significantly lower in the tPA alone group. Treatment failure was similar between groups. Chest tube output, retained hemothorax reduction, and bleeding incidences were similar between groups. Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated no significant risk factors for treatment failure.

Conclusions and Relevance:

Dornase alfa added to tPA may not reduce the need for operation to treat retained hemothorax. Further studies should be directed at optimal tPA dose determination and economic impact of inappropriate DNase use.
MYC Amplification in Epithelioid Angiosarcoma of the Urinary Bladder and Prostate Following Prostate Radiotherapy: A Case Report with a Novel Molecular Alteration
Authors: Panwar Vandana , Tintle Suzanne J. , Koorse Germans Sharon , Koduru Prasad , Jia Liwei
Published: February 2022

Epithelioid angiosarcoma is a rare variant of angiosarcoma. Radiation-associated epithelioid angiosarcoma of the urinary bladder and prostate is an exceedingly rare tumor and there are only 8 cases of epithelioid angiosarcoma of the urinary bladder and prostate associated with previous radiotherapy in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, MYC gene amplification has not been previously reported in epithelioid angiosarcoma of the urinary bladder and prostate following radiotherapy, although it is observed in radiation-associated angiosarcoma of other anatomic sites. Here we report the first case of epithelioid angiosarcoma of the urinary bladder and prostate with MYC gene amplification detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis in a 70-year-old male patient 10 years after receiving radiation and hormonal therapy for prostate cancer.
Association of Delayed Surgery for Ankle Fractures and Patient-Reported Outcomes
Authors: Pilskog Kristian , Gote Teresa Brnic , Odland Heid Elin Johannessen , Fjeldsgaard Knut Andreas , Dale Håvard , Inderhaug Eivind , Fevang Jonas Meling
Published: February 2022

Background:

Several studies probe the association between prolonged time to surgery and postoperative complications in ankle fractures, but little is known about how a longer wait time affects clinical outcomes. The present study aims to assess the association between time from injury to surgery and patient-reported outcomes after operative treatment of severe ankle fractures.

Method:

Patients treated operatively for low-energy ankle fractures that also involve the posterior malleolus from 2014 to 2016 were included. Patient charts were reviewed for patient demographics, type of trauma, fracture characteristics, treatment given, and complications. Ankle function was evaluated on a follow-up visit by clinical examination, radiographs, and patient-reported outcome measures (Self-Reported Foot and Ankle Score [SEFAS], RAND-36, visual analog scale [VAS] of Pain, VAS of Satisfaction). We compared patients treated within 1 week to those treated later than a week from injury for analyses.

Results:

Follow-up visits of 130 patients were performed at mean 26 (SD 9) months after surgery. Patient demographics and fracture characteristics were similar between groups. Mean SEFAS was 34 (SD 10) in patients treated later than a week from injury vs 38 (SD 9) in those treated earlier ( P = .012). Patients operated on later than 7 days from injury reported more pain ( P = .008) and lower satisfaction than those treated earlier ( P = .016).

Conclusion:

In this retrospective patient series of low-energy ankle fractures with posterior malleolar fragments, we found that waiting >7 days for definitive surgery was associated with poorer clinical outcomes and more pain compared with those who had surgery earlier.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Using the Child Sheehan Disability Scale to Differentiate Severity Level in Youth With Anxiety Disorders and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Whiteside Stephen P. H. , Riemann Bradley C. , McCarthy Denis M.
Published: February 2022

The current study extends the psychometric support for the Child Sheehan Disability Scale (CSDS) as a measure of impairment associated with childhood anxiety disorders, including obsessive compulsive disorder. The CSDS was completed by 1,481 predominately Caucasian youth (55.4% female) ages 8 to 17 ( M = 12.68, SD = 2.78) from primarily two-parent households and a parent across community, outpatient, intensive outpatient treatment, and residential settings. The results replicated and extended the previously found strong convergent validity, discriminant validity, and treatment sensitivity with a revised parent-report item in the larger sample. Moreover, the CSDS successfully differentiated between patients receiving treatment of different levels of intensity. These data were used to develop preliminary qualitative descriptors associating individual scores with a likely level of indicated treatment to enhance the clinical applicability of the CSDS. This study establishes the CSDS as one of the briefest and most rigorously evaluated measures of impairment associated with child anxiety. However, the performance of the CSDS must be examined in more representative samples before being applied to diverse populations.
The Value and Validity of Self-Reported Survey Data on the Rape Experiences of College Students
Authors: Krebs Christopher , Lindquist Christine H. , Langton Lynn , Berzofsky Marcus , Planty Michael , Asefnia Nakisa S. , Shook-Sa Bonnie E. , Peterson Kimberly , Stroop Jessica
Published: February 2022

Self-reported survey data on the extent and nature of rape and sexual assault experienced by a population represent an important source of information because these crimes often go unreported, and are thus undercounted in law enforcement or other official statistics. This article compares Campus Climate Survey Validation Study (CCSVS) data to Clery Act data in an effort to (1) assess the validity of the CCSVS data and the Clery Act data based on the extent to which they corroborate one another, and (2) estimate the extent to which Clery Act data potentially underestimate the true incidence of rape. The results help to establish the extent to which self-report surveys on sexual victimization are needed to understand the magnitude of the problem among a given population.
Atopy, allergen sensitization and development of hypersensitivity reactions to paclitaxel
Authors: González-Díaz Sandra Nora , Canel-Paredes Alejandra , Macías-Weinmann Alejandra , Vidal-Gutiérrez Oscar , Villarreal-González Rosalaura Virginia
Published: February 2022

Background

Paclitaxel is a chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of multiple types of malignant tumors which was discovered from the Taxus brevofilia tree. In some patients, anaphylaxis develops during the first exposure to paclitaxel, suggesting that primary sensitization may have occurred through hidden or unidentified allergens that produce cross-reactivity. Skin testing may be useful in identifying sensitization to these allergens. Atopy has also been reported in patients with hypersensitivity reactions (HSR) to paclitaxel. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between atopy and sensitization to allergens with the development of immediate HSR to paclitaxel.

Methods

Skin prick tests (SPT) for environmental and food allergens were applied to 76 patients recently diagnosed with cancer. A SPT to paclitaxel was applied and if negative, an intradermal test was performed. After paclitaxel's infusion, the development of immediate HSR was observed.

Results

Of 76 skin tests, 43% of patients had allergen sensitization and 57% did not. HSR occurred in 12.1% and 11.6% of each group, respectively. Five percent of patients tested positive to paclitaxel and only one had an immediate HSR. Eighty-nine percent of patients who developed an HSR had a family or personal history of atopy.

Conclusions

Sensitization to environmental or food allergens does not appear to be a risk factor for the development of immediate HSR to paclitaxel, suggesting that there are other non-IgE-mediated immunologic mechanisms responsible for their development, however, a personal and family history of atopy increases 8x the risk of developing anaphylaxis.
Caucasus edition: Decentralized transnational network as a pivotal structure for peacebuilding in non-democratic environments
Authors: Gamaghelyan Philip
Published: February 2022

In 2021, only a few locally led peacebuilding institutions worked to build bridges across the Armenian–Azerbaijani conflict that had divided the two societies for over three decades. This stood in sharp contrast with the recent past, when the environment was saturated by civil society institutions promoting peace and cross-border co-operation. The reasons for the dissipation of the once-vibrant scene of institutionalized peacebuilding included the decreased European and US support for democratization and civil society, the crackdown on and stigmatization of peacebuilding, military escalation, and the Second Karabakh War. The collapse of the professionalized scene, however, was not the end of peacebuilding. As institutions retreated, decentralized online networks connecting Armenians and Azerbaijanis sprang into existence. The article explores the journey of Caucasus Edition, a peacebuilding journal, whose ongoing reflection and action cycle process led it to transform from a professional institution into a decentralized transnational network. It highlights the relative effectiveness of decentralized structures, particularly their resiliency and adaptability, compared to professionalized civil society institutions susceptible to cooptation or crackdown in non-democratic political environments.
The prognostic ability of cardiac output determined by inert gas rebreathing technique in pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Robertson Lucy , Bunclark Katherine , Ross Robert Mackenzie , Cannon John , Sheares Karen , Taboada Dolores , Pepke-Zaba Joanna , Toshner Mark
Published: February 2022

This investigation validated the inert gas rebreathing (IGR) technique and determined IGR prognostic ability compared to invasive cardiac output measurements in patients with pulmonary hypertension. IGR compared with thermodilution cardiac output demonstrated a moderate bias. IGR technique demonstrated long-term prognostic value comparable to invasive cardiac output in pulmonary hypertension patients
Deep Learning-Based Internal Target Volume (ITV) Prediction Using Cone-Beam CT Images in Lung Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy
Authors: Li Zhen , Zhang Shujun , Zhang Libo , Li Ya , Zheng Xiangpeng , Fu Jie , Qiu Jianjian
Published: February 2022

Purpose:This study aims to develop a deep learning (DL)-based (Mask R-CNN) method to predict the internal target volume (ITV) in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images for lung stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) patients and to evaluate the prediction accuracy of the model using 4DCT as ground truth. Methods and Materials: This study enrolled 78 phantom cases and 156 patient cases who received SBRT treatment. We used a novel DL model (Mask R-CNN) to identify and delineate lung tumor ITV in CBCT images. The results of the DL-based method were compared quantitatively with the ground truth (4DCT) using 4 metrics, including Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC), Relative Volume Index (RVI), 3D Motion Range (R3D), and Hausdorff Surface Distance (HD). Paired t-tests were used to determine the differences between the DL-based method and manual contouring. Results: The DSC value for 4DCTMIP versus CBCT is 0.86 ± 0.16 and for 4DCTAVG versus CBCT is 0.83 ± 0.18, indicating a high similarity of tumor delineation in CBCT and 4DCT. The mean Accuracy Precision (mAP), R3D, RVI, and HD values for phantom evaluation are 0.94 ± 0.04, 1.37 ± 0.36, 0.79 ± 0.02, and 6.79 ± 0.68, respectively. For patient evaluation, the mAP, R3D, RVI, and HD achieved averaged values of 0.74 ± 0.23, 2.39 ± 1.59, 1.27 ± 0.47, and 17.00 ± 19.89, respectively. These results showed a good correlation between predicted ITV and manually contoured ITV. The phantom p-value for RVI, R3D, and HD are 0.75, 0.08, 0.86, and patient p-value are 0.53, 0.07, 0.28, respectively. These p-values for phantom and patient showed no significant difference between the predicted ITV and physician's manual contouring. Conclusion:The current improved method (Mask R-CNN) yielded a good similarity between predicted ITV in CBCT and the manual contouring in 4DCT, thus indicating great potential for using CBCT for patient ITV contouring.
Network Pharmacology-Based Strategy to Investigate the Anti-Breast Cancer Mechanisms of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn
Authors: Fang Bo , Yoo Guijae , Lee Phil Jun , Qiu Yinda , Lee Sung Hoon , Lee Ji Shin , Yoo Hee Min , Cho Namki
Published: February 2022

Spatholobus suberectus Dunn (SSD) possesses potential antitumor activity; however, the mechanism underlying its anti-proliferative effect on breast cancer is unclear. In this study, we explored potential SSD targets for breast cancer treatment through a network pharmacology approach. First, by integrating multiple databases, a total of 16 potential bioactive compounds and 252 targets were screened. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by analyzing breast cancer gene chip data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. By overlapping drug targets and DEGs, 33 common targets were found; their functions were further analyzed with Gene Ontology and KEGG analysis. A network of 16 compounds and 33 common targets was constructed, from which 10 hub targets were identified using CytoHubba. Based on the KEGG result and network analysis, the 33 common targets were mainly enriched in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway and PPARγ was identified as the potential target of SSD. Moreover, the 10 hub targets were correlated with prognosis and immune infiltration in breast cancer via bioinformatic analysis. Finally, molecular docking and experiments in vitro further verified the targeting ability and anti-breast cancer activity of SSD. SSD is promising in the treatment of breast cancer; PPARγ may be its potential therapeutic target.
Activation of dopamine receptor D1 promotes osteogenic differentiation and reduces glucocorticoid-induced bone loss by upregulating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway
Authors: Zhu Jie , Feng Chengcheng , Zhang Weicheng , Wang Zhidong , Zhong Mengdan , Tang Wenkai , Wang Zhifang , Shi Haiwei , Yin Zhengyu , Shi Jiandong , Huang Yu , Xiao Long , Geng Dechun , Wang Zhirong
Published: February 2022

Background

The inhibition of osteogenic differentiation is a major factor in glucocorticoid-induced bone loss, but there is currently no effective treatment. Dopamine, a major neurotransmitter, transmits signals via five different seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors termed D1 to D5. Although the relevance of the neuroendocrine system in bone metabolism has emerged, the precise effects of dopamine receptor signaling on osteoblastogenesis remain unknown.

Methods

In vitro, western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were used to observe the expression of dopamine receptors in MC3T3-E1 and BMSCs cells treated with dexamethasone (Dex). In addition, Alizarin red S (ARS) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and western blotting were used to evaluate the effect of D1R activation on osteogenic differentiation in Dex-induced MC3T3-E1 cells via the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. In vivo, micro-CT and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), toluidine blue and immunohistochemical staining were used to determine the effect of D1R activation on Dex-induced bone loss.

Results

We demonstrated that the trend in D1R but not D2-5R was consistent with that of osteogenic markers in the presence of Dex. We also demonstrated that the activation of D1R promoted Dex-induced osteogenic differentiation by activating the ERK1/2 pathway in vitro. We further demonstrated that a D1R agonist could reduce Dex-induced bone loss, while pretreatment with a D1R inhibitor blocked the effect of a D1R agonist in vivo.

Conclusions

Activation of D1R promotes osteogenic differentiation and reduces Dex-induced bone loss by activating the ERK1/2 pathway. Hence, D1R could serve as a potential therapeutic target for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.
Early response to eptinezumab indicates high likelihood of continued response in patients with chronic migraine
Authors: Buse Dawn C. , Winner Paul K. , Charleston Larry , Hirman Joe , Cady Roger , Brevig Thomas
Published: February 2022

Background

A clinical ability to describe the response trajectory of patients receiving preventive migraine treatment could expedite and improve therapeutic management decisions. This post hoc analysis of the PROMISE-2 study evaluated the consistency and predictive power of Month 1 treatment response on later response in patients with chronic migraine.

Methods

PROMISE-2 was a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that randomized adults with chronic migraine to eptinezumab 100 mg, 300 mg, or placebo administered IV every 12 weeks for up to 24 weeks (2 infusions over 6 study months). Migraine responder rates (MRRs) were calculated from monthly migraine days over 4-week intervals compared with baseline. Patients were grouped by MRR during Month 1 (< 25%, 25–< 50%, 50–< 75%, and ≥ 75%), with the number of subsequent study months (Months 2–6) with ≥50% and ≥ 75% MRR calculated in each subgroup. A similar analysis was conducted using Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) rating to define Month 1 subgroups (very much improved, much improved, minimally improved, and no change/worse) and rates of very much improved or much improved PGIC during Months 2–6.

Results

In the eptinezumab 100 mg, 300 mg, and placebo groups, respectively, 194/356 (54.5%), 212/350 (60.6%), and 132/366 (36.1%) patients were ≥ 50% migraine responders during Month 1. More eptinezumab-treated patients were ≥ 75% migraine responders (100 mg, 110/356 [30.9%]; 300 mg, 129/350 [36.9%]; placebo, 57/366 [15.6%]) and more placebo-treated patients were < 25% migraine responders (eptinezumab 100 mg, 103/356 [28.9%]; 300 mg, 80/350 [22.9%]; placebo, 153/366 [41.8%]). Among patients who achieved ≥75% migraine response in Month 1, more than one-third attained ≥75% migraine response for all 5 subsequent study months and more than two-thirds achieved ≥75% migraine response for ≥3 months. More than two-thirds of those in the very much improved (PGIC) subgroup at Month 1 were much or very much improved for all 5 subsequent months.

Conclusions

In this post hoc analysis of data from PROMISE-2, more eptinezumab-treated than placebo-treated patients were early (Month 1) responders, and most early responders went on to achieve a high level of response for at least half of the 24-week treatment period. Potential for later response in early non-responders was also observed.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.govidentifier:NCT02974153; registered November 23, 2016.
Identification of a novel m6A-related lncRNA pair signature for predicting the prognosis of gastric cancer patients
Authors: Wang Jun-Mei , Li Xuan , Yang Peng , Geng Wen-Bin , Wang Xiao-Yong
Published: February 2022

Background

Accumulating studies have demonstrated that lncRNAs play vital roles in the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC); however, the prognostic value of N6-methyladenosine-related lncRNAs has not been fully reported in GC. This study aimed to construct and validate an m6A-related lncRNA pair signature (m6A-LPS) for predicting the prognosis of GC patients.

Methods

GC cohort primary data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas. We analysed the coexpression of m6A regulators and lncRNAs to identify m6A-related lncRNAs. Based on cyclical single pairing along with a 0-or-1 matrix and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator-penalized regression analyses, we constructed a novel prognostic signature of m6A-related lncRNA pairs with no dependence upon specific lncRNA expression levels. All patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk group based on the median risk score. The predictive reliability was evaluated in the testing dataset and whole dataset with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis was used to identify potential pathways.

Results

Fourteen m6A-related lncRNA pairs consisting of 25 unique lncRNAs were used to construct the m6A-LPS. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the high-risk group had poor prognosis. The area under the curve for 5-year overall survival was 0.906, 0.827, and 0.882 in the training dataset, testing dataset, and whole dataset, respectively, meaning that the m6A-LPS was highly accurate in predicting GC patient prognosis. The m6A-LPS served as an independent prognostic factor for GC patients after adjusting for other clinical factors (p < 0.05). The m6A-LPS had more accuracy and a higher ROC value than other prognostic models for GC. Functional analysis revealed that high-risk group samples mainly showed enrichment of extracellular matrix receptor interactions and focal adhesion. Moreover, N-cadherin and vimentin, known biomarkers of epithelial–mesenchymal transition, were highly expressed in high-risk group samples. The immune infiltration analysis showed that resting dendritic cells, monocytes, and resting memory CD4 T cells were significantly positively related to the risk score. Thus, m6A-LPS reflected the infiltration of several types of immune cells.

Conclusions

The signature established by pairing m6A-related lncRNAs regardless of expression levels showed high and independent clinical prediction value in GC patients.
Prevalence of HIV infection among non-elderly individuals with hepatitis C in Japan: a population-based cohort study using a health insurance claim data
Authors: Ikeuchi Kazuhiko , Okushin Kazuya , Saito Makoto , Adachi Eisuke , Tsutsumi Takeya , Takura Tomoyuki , Yotsuyanagi Hiroshi
Published: February 2022

Background

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been mainly transmitted through injection drug use, but recently, sexual transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM), which is also a major route of HIV transmission, is increasing. However, the prevalence of HIV and the incidence of other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among HCV patients have been rarely reported.

Methods

Using a healthcare insurance claim data of employees and their dependents covering seven-million people in Japan, we evaluated HIV prevalence among HCV patients aged 20–59 years. Hemophilia patients were excluded. HIV and HCV were defined by registered diagnoses and receiving viral RNA testing. The time course of HCV and HIV infections was analyzed. Incidences of syphilis, amebiasis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, hepatitis A, and hepatitis B were assessed.

Results

From April 2012 to August 2018, 6,422 HCV patients were identified. HIV prevalence was 0.48% (31/6422, 95% CI [confidence interval]: 0.33–0.68%). HIV was diagnosed after HCV in 3.2% (1/31), before HCV in 58.1% (18/31), and concurrently in 38.7% (12/31). Compared with HCV patients without HIV infection, HCV/HIV co-infected patients were younger (median age, 37 vs 51 years,p < 0.001), more likely to be male (30/31 [96.8%] vs 3059/6391 [47.9%],p < 0.001), more likely to have other STIs (38.7% [12/31] vs 0.9% [56/6391],p < 0.001), and live in Tokyo, the most populous capital city in Japan (67.7% [21/31] vs 11.6% [742/6391],p < 0.001). In Tokyo, the HIV prevalence among 20–30 s male with HCV was 18.6% (13/70; 95% CI, 10.3–29.7%).

Conclusions

HIV prevalence among young male HCV patients was very high in Tokyo. HCV/HIV co-infected patients were more likely to acquire HIV before HCV, which is a known feature of MSM. They also had a higher incidence of STIs. These findings suggest that HCV might be prevalent as an STI among MSM particularly in Tokyo.
Severe maternal morbidity: admission shift from intensive care unit to obstetric high-dependency unit
Authors: Gu Ning , Zheng Yaning , Dai Yimin
Published: February 2022

Background

To study temporal trends of intensive care unit (ICU) admission in obstetric population after the introduction of obstetric high-dependency unit (HDU).

Methods

This is a retrospective study of consecutive obstetric patients admitted to the ICU/HDU in a provincial referral center in China from January 2014 to December 2019. The collected information included maternal demographic characteristics, indications for ICU and HDU admission, the length of ICU stay, the total length of in-hospital stay and APACHE II score. Chi-square and ANOVA tests were used to determine statistical significance. The temporal changes were assessed with chi-square test for linear trend.

Results

A total of 40,412 women delivered and 447 (1.11%) women were admitted to ICU in this 6-year period. The rate of ICU admission peaked at 1.59% in 2016 and then dropped to 0.67% in 2019 with the introduction of obstetric HDU. The average APACHE II score increased significantly from 6.8 to 12.3 (P < 0.001) and the average length of ICU stay increased from 1.7 to 7.1 days (P < 0.001). The main indications for maternal ICU admissions were hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (39.8%), cardiac diseases (24.8%), and other medical disorders (21.5%); while the most common reasons for referring to HDU were hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (46.5%) and obstetric hemorrhage (43.0%). The establishment of HDU led to 20% reduction in ICU admission, which was mainly related to obstetric indications.

Conclusions

The introduction of HDU helps to reduce ICU utilization in obstetric population.
Developing a 5-gene prognostic signature for cervical cancer by integrating mRNA and copy number variations
Authors: Liu Wenxin , Jiang Qiuying , Sun Chao , Liu ShiHao , Zhao Zhikun , Wu Dongfang
Published: February 2022

Background

Cervical cancer is frequently detected gynecological cancer all over the world. This study was designed to develop a prognostic signature for an effective prediction of cervical cancer prognosis.

Methods

Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified based on copy number variation (CNV) data and expression profiles from different databases. A prognostic model was constructed and further optimized by stepwise Akaike information criterion (stepAIC). The model was then evaluated in three groups (training group, test group and validation group). Functional analysis and immune analysis were used to assess the difference between high-risk and low-risk groups.

Results

The study developed a 5-gene prognostic model that could accurately classify cervical cancer samples into high-risk and low-risk groups with distinctly different prognosis. Low-risk group exhibited more favorable prognosis and higher immune infiltration than high-risk group. Both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the risk score was an independent risk factor for cervical cancer.

Conclusions

The 5-gene prognostic signature could serve as a predictor for identifying high-risk cervical cancer patients, and provided potential direction for studying the mechanism or drug targets of cervical cancer. The integrated analysis of CNV and mRNA expanded a new perspective for exploring prognostic signatures in cervical cancer.
Correction to: The Infant Health Study - Promoting mental health and healthy weight through sensitive parenting to infants with cognitive, emotional, and regulatory vulnerabilities: protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster-randomized trial and a process evaluation within municipality settings
Authors: Skovgaard Anne Mette , Bakermans-Kranenburg Marian , Pontoppidan Maiken , Tjørnhøj-Thomsen Tine , Madsen Katrine Rich , Voss Ida , Wehner Stine Kjær , Pedersen Trine Pagh , Finseth Lotte , Taylor Rodney S. , Tolstrup Janne Schurmann , Ammitzbøll Janni
Published: February 2022

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Fetal cardiac parameters for predicting postnatal operation type of fetuses with tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Park Suyeon , Won Hye-Sung , Kim Rina , Kim Mijin , Yu Jeong Jin , Park Chun Soo , Yun Tae-Jin , Jung Yewon , Al Harbi Usamah , Lee Mi-Young
Published: February 2022

Background

To assess fetal cardiac parameters predictive of postnatal operation type in fetuses with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF).

Methods

Echocardiographic data obtained in the second and third trimesters were retrospectively reviewed for fetuses diagnosed with TOF between 2014 and 2018 at Asan Medical Center. The following fetal cardiac parameters were analyzed: 1) pulmonary valve annulus (PVA) z-score, 2) right pulmonary artery (RPA) z-score, 3) aortic valve annulus (AVA) z-score, 4) pulmonary valve peak systolic velocity (PV-PSV), 5) PVA/AVA ratio, and 6) RPA/descending aorta (DAo) ratio. These cardiac parameters were compared between a primary corrective surgery group and a palliative shunt operation followed by complete repair group.

Results

A total of 100 fetuses with TOF were included. Only one neonatal death occurred. Ninety patients underwent primary corrective surgery and 10 neonates underwent a multistage surgery. The PVA z-score, RPA z-score, and RPA/DAo ratio measured in the second trimester and the PVA z-score, RPA z-score, and PVA/AVA raio measured in the third trimester were significantly lower in the multistage surgery group, while the PV-PSV as measured in both trimesters were significantly higher in the multistage surgery group.

Conclusion

Fetal cardiac parameters are useful for predicting the operation type necessary for neonates with TOF.
Regulation of genetically engineered (GE) mosquitoes as a public health tool: a public health ethics analysis
Authors: Meghani Zahra
Published: February 2022

Background

In recent years, genetically engineered (GE) mosquitoes have been proposed as a public health measure against the high incidence of mosquito-borne diseases among the poor in regions of the global South. While uncertainties as well as risks for humans and ecosystems are entailed by the open-release of GE mosquitoes, a powerful global health governance non-state organization is funding the development of and advocating the use of those bio-technologies as public health tools.

In August 2016, the US Food and Drug Agency (FDA) approved the uncaged field trial of a GE Aedes aegypti mosquito in Key Haven, Florida. The FDA’s decision was based on its assessment of the risks of the proposed experimental public health research project. The FDA is considered a global regulatory standard setter. So, its approval of the uncaged field trial could be used by proponents of GE mosquitoes to urge countries in the global South to permit the use of those bio-technologies.

Method

From a public health ethics perspective, this paper evaluates the FDA’s 2016 risk assessment of the proposed uncaged field trial of the GE mosquito to determine whether it qualified as a realistic risk evaluation.

Results

The FDA’s risk assessment of the proposed uncaged field trial did not proximate the conditions under which the GE mosquitoes would be used in regions of the global South where there is a high prevalence of mosquito-borne diseases.

Conclusion

Given that health and disease have political-economic determinants, whether a risk assessment of a product is realistic or not particularly matters with respect to interventions meant for public health problems that disproportionately impact socio-economically marginalized populations. If ineffective public health interventions are adopted based on risk evaluations that do not closely mirror the conditions under which those products would actually be used, there could be public health and ethical costs for those populations.
Improvement of polydopamine-loaded salidroside on osseointegration of titanium implants
Authors: Yi Qingqing , Liang Pengchen , Liang Dongyu , Cao Liou , Sha Shuang , Jiang Xinquan , Chang Qing
Published: February 2022

Background

Microarc oxidation (MAO) on the surface of medical pure titanium can improve its histocompatibility, and loading drugs on the surface can resist excessive intimal hyperplasia.

Methods

In this study, salidroside (SAL) was loaded on the surface of porous titanium (Ti) with polydopamine (PDA) carrier. The effects of SAL on the osteogenesis and angiogenesis of Ti implants were studied by phalloidin staining, alizarin red staining, ALP staining, wound-healing assay, cell transwell assay, matrigel tube formation, and osteogenic and angiogenic genes and proteins expression detected by PCR and western blot in vitro. The bone defect model experiments in rats was established in vivo including X-ray, micro CT, hematoxylin and eosin staining (HE), immunohistochemistry (IHC), Goldner's trichrome analysis, Safranin O-fast green staining and determination of contents of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum.

Results

EDS and EDS mapping showed that SAL could be loaded on the surface of the MAO coating by PDA. A drug release experiment showed that SAL loaded on the Ti coating could release slowly and stably without sudden release risk. In vitro cell experiments showed that the SAL coating could promote the proliferation, morphology, calcification and alkaline phosphate activity of MC3T3-E1 cells. At the same time, it promoted the migration and tube formation of HUVEC cells. The SAL coating promoted osteogenesis and angiogenesis by promoting the expression of genes and proteins related to. In vivo experiments, HE and IHC showed that SAL significantly promoted the expression of COL-1 and CD31. Goldner's trichrome and Safranin O-fast green staining showed that SAL coating could increase the new bone tissue around the implantation site. The SAL coating had anti-inflammatory activity by reducing the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in vivo.

Conclusion

Therefore, SAL could improve osteogenesis and angiogenesis in conjunction with the Ti-PDA coating.