bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heuristics for a hub location‐routing problem
Authors: Lopes Mauro Cardoso , de Andrade Carlos Eduardo , de Queiroz Thiago Alves , Resende Mauricio G. C. , Miyazawa Flávio Keidi
Published: June 2016

We investigate a variant of the many‐to‐many hub location‐routing problem which consists in partitioning the set of nodes of a graph into routes containing exactly one hub each, and determining an extra route interconnecting all hubs. A variable neighborhood descent with neighborhood structures based on remove/add, swap and exchange moves nested with routing and location operations is used as a local search procedure in a multistart algorithm. We also consider a sequential version of this local search in the multistart. In addition, a biased random‐key genetic algorithm working with a local search routine, which also considers routing and location operations, is applied to the problem. To compare the heuristic solutions, we develop an integer programming formulation which is solved with a branch‐and‐cut algorithm. Capacity and path elimination constraints are added in a cutting plane fashion. The separation algorithms are based on the computation of min‐cut trees and on the connected components of a support graph. Computational experiments were conducted on several benchmark instances of routing problems and show that the heuristics are effective on medium to large‐sized instances, while the branch‐and‐cut algorithm solves small to medium sized problems to optimality. These algorithms were also compared with a commercial hybrid solver showing that the heuristics are quite competitive. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 68(1), 54–90 2016
Outcomes from a pilot psychological therapies service for UK military veterans
Authors: Clarkson Paul , Giebel Clarissa M. , Challis David , Duthie Paul , Barrett Alan , Lambert Helen
Published: June 2016

Aim

To evaluate the outcomes of participants attending a psychological therapies service for military veterans.

Background

The UK Military Veterans’ Improving Access to Psychological Therapies Service (North West) (MV IAPT) provided a clinical psychological therapies service for military veterans. Outcomes of depression, anxiety and social adjustment were assessed after treatment in the service's pilot phase.

Design

An observational, prospective cohort study examined changes in depression, anxiety and social adjustment during receipt of the service.

Methods

Changes in depression (PHQ‐9), anxiety (GAD‐7) and social adjustment (WSAS) were examined in 952 veterans referred over 20 months from September 2011. Data were collected using the IAPT clinical information system plus additional fields. Changes for patients who completed treatment, remained in treatment and dropped out were compared.

Results

Seven hundred and seven veterans received an initial assessment, from which 505 received two or more appointments. Of these, 156 completed treatments, 179 remained in treatment and 170 dropped out. The majority of veterans had been operationally deployed and were similar in risk characteristics to those in other military cohort studies. There were highly significant improvements on all measures (p<.01), with completers improving more and having higher rates of recovery from depression and anxiety than those remaining and drop outs. Recovery rates compared favourably with evaluations of general IAPT services and also exceeded reported natural recovery rates.
Peroxide‐initiated chemical modification of poly(isobutylene‐co‐isoprene): H‐atom transfer yields and regioselectivity
Authors: Twigg Christopher , Mueller Elena , Molloy Brian M. , Scott Parent J.
Published: June 2016

The yield and regioselectivity of H‐atom abstraction by cumyloxy radicals from poly(isobutylene‐co‐isoprene) (IIR) are quantified and discussed in the context of cross‐linking/degradation outcomes and vinyltriethoxysilane (VTEOS) graft yields. Studies of IIR materials with different isoprene contents show that H‐atom abstraction from the allylic functionality provided by isoprene mers is responsible for the heightened H‐atom transfer reactivity of IIR relative to poly(isobutylene). Differences in the reactivity of allylic and alkyl macroradical intermediates makes high isoprene IIR materials less prone to peroxide‐initiated chain scission, but less responsive to VTEOS grafting formulations. Improved knowledge of H‐atom transfer reactivity is extended to a new approach for IIR cross‐linking involving acrylate‐functionalized nitroxyl chemistry. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 3102–3109
Perylene bisimide‐based semiconducting polymers: Synthesis via palladium‐catalyzed direct arylation, characterization, optoelectrical properties, and nanomorphology
Authors: Nakabayashi Kazuhiro , Yamada Masaya , Mori Hideharu
Published: June 2016

Perylene bisimide (PBI)‐based acceptor polymers have been synthesized by the facile and environmental‐friendly palladium‐catalyzed direct arylation. The direct arylation using a bromothiophene‐extended PBI monomer, which was designed for the direct arylaion, proceeded to yield PBI‐based acceptor polymers (PPBI3T). As a result of screening the direct arylation conditions, PPBI3T with the number average molecular weight of 14,000 was successfully synthesized, and the spectroscopic and optoelectronic analysis demonstrated the synthesis of PPBI3T with the desired structure. The random compolymerization among naphthalene bisimide (NBI)‐based monomer, PBI‐based monomer, and 3,4‐dimethylthiophene afforded the random copolymers composed of NBI‐ and PBI‐based components (P(NBI3T‐PBI3T)). The composition of each component was controlled by changing the monomer feed ratio, and furthermore, the optical and electrochemical properties of P(NBI3T‐PBI3T) were also tunable by controlling the composition of each component. To the best of our knowledge, these results were the first accomplishment for the direct arylation synthesis of PBI‐based acceptor polymers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 3151–3158
Advanced design of t and pH dual‐responsive PDEAEMA–PVCL core–shell nanogels for siRNA delivery
Authors: Aguirre Garbiñe , Ramos Jose , Forcada Jacqueline
Published: June 2016

The synthesis, characterization, and potential application as gene delivery systems of biodegradable dual‐responsive core–shell nanogels based on poly(2‐diethylaminoethyl) methacrylate (PDEAEMA) and poly(N‐vinylcaprolactam) (PVCL) are reported. These core–shell nanogels, having a PDEAEMA‐based core and a PVCL‐based shell, were synthesized by batch seeded emulsion polymerization. An indepth study of their swelling behavior was carried out, which presented a dual‐dependent thermo‐ and pH sensitivity. Core–shell nanogels synthesized formed complexes spontaneously through electrostatic interactions when mixing with small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules. Moreover, the core–shell nanogel/siRNA complexes showed higher polyanion exchange resistance compared to that of the PDEAEMA‐based nanogel/siRNA complexes, indicating that the PVCL‐based shell enhanced the stability of the complexes. In vitro siRNA release profiles showed that siRNA release was controlled by the pH of the medium as well as by the crosslinking density of the PVCL‐based shell. These results indicate that dual‐responsive core–shell nanogels synthesized could be potentially useful as gene delivery systems. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 3203–3217
Versatile functionalization of aromatic polysulfones via thiol‐ene click chemistry
Authors: Park Eun Joo , Lee Woo‐Hyung , Bae Chulsung
Published: June 2016

A facile, efficient approach for preparation of functionalized aromatic polysulfones by postpolymerization modification with thiol‐ene click chemistry is described. The key synthetic strategy is to incorporate a pendant vinyl ether group into polysulfones as a reactive precursor with controlled degrees of functionalization. Synthetic utility of the pendant alkenyl group is demonstrated by generating diverse polymer derivatives using thiol‐ene functionalization including glycosylated polysulfone. The highly reactive alkene platform in the polymer affords convenient, metal‐free, and azide‐free click transformations to create diverse ranges of new functionalized polysulfones that could be applied in various applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 3237–3243
Spectroscopic properties of poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene) thin films possessing varied fractions of β‐phase chain segments: enhanced photoluminescence efficiency via conformation structuring
Authors: Perevedentsev Aleksandr , Chander Nathan , Kim Ji‐Seon , Bradley Donal D. C.
Published: June 2016

Poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene) (PFO) is a widely studied blue‐emitting conjugated polymer, the optoelectronic properties of which are strongly affected by the presence of a well‐defined chain‐extended “β‐phase” conformational isomer. In this study, optical and Raman spectroscopy are used to systematically investigate the properties of PFO thin films featuring a varied fraction of β‐phase chain segments. Results show that the photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQE) of PFO films is highly sensitive to both the β‐phase fraction and the method by which it was induced. Notably, a PLQE of ∼69% is measured for PFO films possessing a ∼6% β‐phase fraction induced by immersion in solvent/nonsolvent mixtures; this value is substantially higher than the average PLQE of ∼55% recorded for other β‐phase films. Furthermore, a linear relationship is observed between the intensity ratios of selected Raman peaks and the β‐phase fraction determined by commonly used absorption calibrations, suggesting that Raman spectroscopy can be used as an alternative means to quantify the β‐phase fraction. As a specific example, spatial Raman mapping is used to image a mm‐scale β‐phase stripe patterned in a glassy PFO film, with the extracted β‐phase fraction showing excellent agreement with the results of optical spectroscopy. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 1995–2006
Novel proteases from the genome of the carnivorous plant Drosera capensis: Structural prediction and comparative analysis
Authors: Butts Carter T. , Bierma Jan C. , Martin Rachel W.
Published: June 2016

In his 1875 monograph on insectivorous plants, Darwin described the feeding reactions of Drosera flypaper traps and predicted that their secretions contained a “ferment” similar to mammalian pepsin, an aspartic protease. Here we report a high‐quality draft genome sequence for the cape sundew, Drosera capensis, the first genome of a carnivorous plant from order Caryophyllales, which also includes the Venus flytrap (Dionaea) and the tropical pitcher plants (Nepenthes). This species was selected in part for its hardiness and ease of cultivation, making it an excellent model organism for further investigations of plant carnivory. Analysis of predicted protein sequences yields genes encoding proteases homologous to those found in other plants, some of which display sequence and structural features that suggest novel functionalities. Because the sequence similarity to proteins of known structure is in most cases too low for traditional homology modeling, 3D structures of representative proteases are predicted using comparative modeling with all‐atom refinement. Although the overall folds and active residues for these proteins are conserved, we find structural and sequence differences consistent with a diversity of substrate recognition patterns. Finally, we predict differences in substrate specificities using in silico experiments, providing targets for structure/function studies of novel enzymes with biological and technological significance. Proteins 2016; 84:1517–1533. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
pH‐responsive phenylboronic acid‐modified diamond particles: Switch in carbohydrate capture ability triggers modulation of physicochemical and lectin‐recognition properties
Authors: Khanal Manakamana , Barras Alexandre , Siriwardena Aloysius , Boukherroub Rabah , Szunerits Sabine
Published: June 2016

Nanodiamonds (NDs) are new carbon‐based materials that have recently been demonstrated to hold promise in a number of biomedical applications. The production of stable colloidal solutions from ND particles obtained through detonation still remains a challenge, as these particles have a strong tendency to form large aggregates. Herein, is described a 4‐aminophenylboronic acid‐modified ND (ND‐BA) system that can either disperse or aggregate in aqueous solution, in the presence of an appropriate monosaccharide and in response to an external pH trigger. At pH = 8.4, the ND‐BA forms stable colloidal solutions when mannose is present, as a consequence of their ability to sequester the monosaccharide through the formation of sugar boronic ester complexes. A decrease in the pH to 4 triggers the disruption of the boronic acid ester bonds and results in mannose‐release thereby inducing aggregation of the ND‐BA particles. The aggregation–dispersion process is seen to be completely reversible and effectively allows control of the physiochemical properties of the ND‐BA–glycan couple through an external pH stimulus. Moreover, the mannose‐saturated ND‐BA particles are shown to interact selectively with appropriate lectins and this recognition demonstrated to be effectively switched off at low pH values.
Piezoelectric effect in wurtzite GaAs nanowires: Growth, characterization, and electromechanical 3D modeling
Authors: Lysak Volodymyr V. , Soshnikov Ilya P. , Lahderanta Erkki , Cirlin George E.
Published: June 2016

The piezoelectric effect in wurtzite‐type GaAs nanowires was theoretically analyzed using an electromechanical 3D model. The difference between the theoretical and measured piezoelectric strain coefficient is explained by an enhanced pressing force of the contact layer on the nanowire. Simulations show the potential decreasing when nanowires are partly inside in the top metal contact due to a decreasing effective length and pressing force enhancement.
EPR study of Si‐ and Ge‐related defects in HPHT diamonds synthesized from Mg‐based solvent‐catalysts
Authors: Nadolinny Vladimir , Komarovskikh Andrey , Palyanov Yuri , Kupriyanov Igor , Borzdov Yuri , Rakhmanova Mariana , Yuryeva Olga , Veber Sergey
Published: June 2016

In this work, high pressure high temperature (HPHT) diamonds synthesized in the Mg–C system with germanium, silicon and boron additives were studied. In the photoluminescence spectra of the samples doped with Ge, an intense system 602 nm attributed to germanium‐vacancy defects was detected. In the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of these samples, a new paramagnetic center with S = 1 was detected along with substitutional nitrogen P1 and silicon‐vacancy KUL1 (SiV0) centers. The angular dependence investigation of the new spectrum allowed us to establish its spin Hamiltonian parameters: g|| = 2.0025, g⊥ = 2.0027, D = 80.3 mT, E = 0. The center was determined to have the symmetry axis parallel to 〈111〉. Hyperfine structure (HFS) of one 73Ge atom (I = 9/2) was observed for the new spectrum. The novel paramagnetic center was proposed to be the neutral germanium split‐vacancy defect. EPR and luminescence studies of diamonds doped with Si and B revealed a new paramagnetic center that can be associated with the sharp luminescence system 720 nm. An analysis of the angular dependence of the EPR spectrum showed that it had electronic spin S = 1/2 and anisotropic g‐factor: g1 = 2.0033, g2 = 2.0004, and g3 = 2.0024. Based on the principal values and directions of the g‐tensor the detected center was suggested to have the structure of silicon and boron atoms in the nearest carbon positions.
The serve impact in tennis: First large‐scale study of big Hawk‐Eye data
Authors: Mecheri Sami , Rioult François , Mantel Bruno , Kauffmann François , Benguigui Nicolas
Published: June 2016

Analysis of dual sports performance typically involves observational techniques to gather data samples during actual competition. These techniques are limited by the amount of data that can be collected and the need to define the observable variables in advance. Today's advanced technologies have considerably overcome these limitations, enabling high‐volume data collection for post‐recording analysis. The present study was based on the three‐dimensional kinematic data recorded by the automated ball‐tracking Hawk‐Eye system between the 2003 and 2008 seasons in elite tennis tournaments, which provided a database of 262 596 points. The analysis consisted of an examination of the relationships between the various characteristics of the serve summed up by the resulting ball trajectory and winning‐point probabilities. The influence of factors such as serve speed, serve location, court surface, gender differences, and spin intensity on the winning‐point rate was assessed to gain insight into efficient serve tendencies in world‐class tennis. The implications for practitioners are highlighted and directions for future research in tennis performance analysis based on automatic ball tracking are proposed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining: The ASA Data Science Journal, 2016
Early Cambrian sponges of the Sirius Passet Biota, North Greenland
Authors: Botting Joseph P. , Peel John S.
Published: June 2016

The Sirius Passet Biota of the Buen Formation in North Greenland is one of the key Burgess Shale‐type faunas, as it represents the only diverse early Cambrian (Stage 2, Series 3) biota from Laurentia. The sponges are one of the major components of the fauna, although they appear to be much less abundant than arthropods, based on the available collections. At least 13 species are described here, including the new taxaHamptonia limatulasp. nov.,Lenica perversasp. nov.,Saetaspongia procerasp. nov.,Constellatispongia canismajoriigen. et sp. nov. andCrassicoactum cucumisgen. et sp. nov. An additional new species,Ratcliffespongia freuchenensissp. nov., is described from the upper part of the Buen Formation. The assemblage is dominated by a major lineage of protomonaxonids, together with rarer reticulosans and demosponges. Some taxa, such as the anthaspidellid lithistidFieldospongia bellilineata, were previously known only from Laurentian faunas; others, such asSaetospongia densa,Solactiniellacf. plumataandLenica unica, were previously recognized from South China and/or Siberia. The described assemblage confirms the cosmopolitan distribution of Cambrian sponges generally, and suggests that the differences between Laurentian and Chinese assemblages are due more to a taxonomic overturn during Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4, than to the geographical separation. Furthermore, crown‐group demosponges appear to have occupied shallow‐water (perhaps dominantly platform) environments at this time, and may have been much more diversified and widespread than is currently recognized during the early Cambrian.
Towards Understanding Dynamic Complexity in Financial Systems Structure‐based Explanatory Modelling of Risks
Authors: Hoffmann Christian Hugo
Published: June 2016

There is not yet an agreement on notions of what complexity means. Each of the definitions captures some aspects, but all have both theoretical and practical limitations and have so far rarely been useful for characterizing any real‐world system. In this paper, I develop, first, a novel conceptual framework, providing a characterization, an appreciation of complexity, which offers several advantages. It allows a meaningful comparison between different formulations of complexity and aids the identification of deeper insights into its possible causes. Second, I exemplify the usefulness of the complexity concept I propose by showing that modern financial systems can be characterized as such. Third, in that case, banks, as a part of the financial system, are confronted with dynamic complexity, which necessitates structure‐oriented (rather than data‐driven) explanatory models for risk management practices. However, this call stands in marked contrast to commonly used risk models that are not sufficiently explanatory. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TGFβ-Responsive HMOX1 Expression Is Associated with Stemness and Invasion in Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Ghosh Dhiman , Ulasov Ilya V. , Chen LiPing , Harkins Lualhati E. , Wallenborg Karolina , Hothi Parvinder , Rostad Steven , Hood Leroy , Cobbs Charles S.
Published: June 2016

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal adult brain tumor. Resistance to standard radiation and chemotherapy is thought to involve survival of GBM cancer stem cells (CSCs). To date, no single marker for identifying GBM CSCs has been able to capture the diversity of CSC populations, justifying the needs for additional CSC markers for better characterization. Employing targeted mass spectrometry, here we present five cell-surface markers HMOX1, SLC16A1, CADM1, SCAMP3, and CLCC1 which were found to be elevated in CSCs relative to healthy neural stem cells (NSCs). Transcriptomic analyses of REMBRANDT and TCGA compendiums also indicated elevated expression of these markers in GBM relative to controls and non-GBM diseases. Two markers SLC16A1 and HMOX1 were found to be expressed among pseudopalisading cells that reside in the hypoxic region of GBM, substantiating the histopathological hallmarks of GBM. In a prospective study (N = 8) we confirmed the surface expression of HMOX1 on freshly isolated primary GBM cells (P0). Employing functional assays that are known to evaluate stemness, we demonstrate that elevated HMOX1 expression is associated with stemness in GBM and can be modulated through TGFβ. siRNA-mediated silencing of HMOX1 impaired GBM invasion—a phenomenon related to poor prognosis. In addition, surgical resection of GBM tumors caused declines (18% ± 5.1SEM) in the level of plasma HMOX1 as measured by ELISA, in 8/10 GBM patients. These findings indicate that HMOX1 is a robust predictor of GBM CSC stemness and pathogenesis. Further understanding of the role of HMOX1 in GBM may uncover novel therapeutic approaches.
Calcium, Strontium and Barium Homogeneous Catalysts for Fine Chemicals Synthesis
Authors: Sarazin Yann , Carpentier Jean‐François
Published: June 2016

The large alkaline earths (Ae), calcium, strontium and barium, have in the past 15 years yielded a brand new generation of heteroleptic molecular catalysts for the production of fine chemicals. However, the integrity of these complexes is often plagued by ligand redistribution equilibria in solution. This personal account retraces the paths followed in our research group towards the design of stable heteroleptic alkalino‐earth complexes, including the use of intramolecular noncovalent Ae···H–Si and Ae···F–C interactions. Their implementation as homogenous precatalysts for reactions such as the intramolecular and intermolecular hydroamination and hydrophosphination of activated alkenes, the hydrophosphonylation of ketones, and the dehydrogenative coupling of amines and hydrosilanes that enable the efficient and controlled formations of CP, CN, or SiN σ‐bonds, is presented in a synthetic perspective that highlights their overall outstanding catalytic performance.

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An improved spreadsheet for calculating limb length discrepancy and epiphysiodesis timing using the multiplier method
Authors: Mills Gavin , Nelson Scott
Published: June 2016

Purpose

The multiplier method is a technique to predict limb length discrepancy (LLD) at maturity in pediatric patients. Various tools have been developed for performing the multiplier calculations to predict LLD and timing of epiphysiodesis. These include multiplier/growth applications (apps) and a spreadsheet which have helped to facilitate LLC calculations in an efficient and easy manner. We have updated the spreadsheet to improve features for making LLD calculations and facilitate pasting data into electronic medical records (EMRs).

Methods

Tools currently in use were critically examined for features that limited their function, created possible sources of error or could be more user-friendly. These features were modified and recreated in an improved Excel spreadsheet that uses patient age, sex, limb lengths, and previous lengthening surgeries as inputs to predict LLD at maturity and offer options for timing of epiphysiodesis for both congenital and developmental LLD. Our multiplier spreadsheet function was then compared to manual calculations and other multiplier tools for accuracy and ease of use.

Results

Our spreadsheet accurately calculates LLD at maturity and timing of epiphysiodesis when compared to other methods. It contains a function to calculate predicted leg lengths after previous lengthenings, and concise single-page worksheets for developmental LLD, congenital LLD, and height prediction.

Conclusions

This spreadsheet was developed to provide a more efficient and user-friendly method of calculating LLD at maturity and timing of epiphysiodesis. It can easily be pasted into the EMR for ease of documentation. We recommend this method for both clinical practice and educational use.
TACO: Taxonomic prediction of unknown OTUs through OTU co‐abundance networks
Authors: Irannia Zohreh Baharvand , Chen Ting
Published: June 2016

Background

A main goal of metagenomics is taxonomic characterization of microbial communities. Although sequence comparison has been the main method for the taxonomic classification, there is not a clear agreement on similarity calculation and similarity thresholds, especially at higher taxonomic levels such as phylum and class. Thus taxonomic classification of novel metagenomic sequences without close homologs in the biological databases poses a challenge.

Methods

In this study, we propose to use the co‐abundant associations between taxa/operational taxonomic units (OTU) across complex and diverse communities to assist taxonomic classification. We developed a Markov Random Field model to predict taxa of unknown microorganisms using co‐abundant associations.

Results

Although such associations are intrinsically functional associations, we demonstrate that they are strongly correlated with taxonomic associations and can be combined with sequence comparison methods to predict taxonomic origins of unknown microorganisms at phylum and class levels.

Conclusions

With the ever‐increasing accumulation of sequence data from microbial communities, we now take the first step to explore these associations for taxonomic identification beyond sequence similarity.

Availability and Implementation

Source codes of TACO are freely available at the following URL: https://github.com/baharvand/OTU‐Taxonomy‐Identification implemented in C++, supported on Linux and MS Windows.
Ventilated cavities on a surface-piercing hydrofoil at moderate Froude numbers: cavity formation, elimination and stability
Authors: Harwood Casey M. , Young Yin L. , Ceccio Steven L.
Published: June 2016

The atmospheric ventilation of a surface-piercing hydrofoil is examined in a series of towing-tank experiments, performed on a vertically cantilevered hydrofoil with an immersed free tip. The results of the experiments expand upon previous studies by contributing towards a comprehensive understanding of the topology, formation and elimination of ventilated flows at low-to-moderate Froude and Reynolds numbers. Fully wetted, fully ventilated and partially ventilated flow regimes are identified, and their stability regions are presented in parametric space. The stability of partially and fully ventilated regimes is related to the angle of the re-entrant jet, leading to a set of criteria for identifying flow regimes in a laboratory environment. The stability region of fully wetted flow overlaps those of partially and fully ventilated flows, forming bi-stable regions where hysteresis occurs. Ventilation transition mechanisms are classified as formation and elimination mechanisms, which separate the three steady flow regimes from one another. Ventilation formation requires air ingress into separated flow at sub-atmospheric pressure from a continuously available air source. Ventilation washout is caused by upstream flow of the re-entrant jet. The boundary denoting washout of fully ventilated flow is expressed as a semi-theoretical scaling relation, which captures past and present experimental data well across a wide range of Froude and Reynolds numbers.
ON THE SYMBIOSIS BETWEEN MODEL-THEORETIC AND SET-THEORETIC PROPERTIES OF LARGE CARDINALS
Authors: BAGARIA JOAN , VÄÄNÄNEN JOUKO
Published: June 2016

We study some large cardinals in terms of reflection, establishing new connections between the model-theoretic and the set-theoretic approaches.
STRONGLY MINIMAL REDUCTS OF VALUED FIELDS
Authors: KOWALSKI PIOTR , RANDRIAMBOLOLONA SERGE
Published: June 2016

We prove that if a strongly minimal nonlocally modular reduct of an algebraically closed valued field of characteristic 0 contains +, then this reduct is bi-interpretable with the underlying field.
THE MODEL COMPANION OF DIFFERENTIAL FIELDS WITH FREE OPERATORS
Authors: SÁNCHEZ OMAR LEÓN , MOOSA RAHIM
Published: June 2016

A model companion is shown to exist for the theory of partial differential fields of characteristic zero equipped with free operators that commute with the derivations. The free operators here are those introduced in [R. Moosa and T. Scanlon, Model theory of fields with free operators in characteristic zero, Journal of Mathematical Logic 14(2), 2014]. The proof relies on a new lifting lemma in differential algebra: a differential version of Hensel’s Lemma for local finite algebras over differentially closed fields.
Chronology and Faunal Remains of the Khayrgas Cave (Eastern Siberia, Russia)
Authors: Kuzmin Yaroslav V , Kosintsev Pavel A , Stepanov Aleksandr D , Boeskorov Gennady G , Cruz Richard J
Published: June 2016

The Khayrgas Cave in Yakutia (eastern Siberia) is one of the most important Upper Paleolithic sites in northern Asia, and has been the subject of extensive 14C dating and study of mammal bones. The upper part of the cave sequence (Layers 2–4) dates to the Holocene (~4100–8200 BP), and the lower part (Layers 5–7) to the Late Pleistocene (~13,100–21,500 BP). In Layers 2–4, only extant animal species are known; ecologically they belong to a forest-type ecosystem. In Layers 5–7, several extinct species were identified, and the environment at that time corresponded to open and semi-open ecosystems. The Khayrgas Cave provides rare but reliable evidence of human occupation in the deep continental region of eastern Siberia at the Last Glacial Maximum, ~20,700–21,500 BP.
Ordinary People, Extraordinary Risks: Participation in an Ethnic Rebellion
Authors: TEZCÜR GÜNEŞ MURAT
Published: June 2016

Why do ordinary people take extraordinary risks and join an ethnic armed rebellion? This article tests a series of well-established hypotheses about selfish and identity based motivations and a new hypothesis based on prospect theory. It then employs a unique multimethod research strategy combining one of the most comprehensive datasets on insurgent recruitment that contains biographical information about 8,266 Kurdish militants with extensive fieldwork involving in-depth interviews with relatives of the militants to test these hypotheses. The findings show the decision to rebel is as much political as economic and social. While security concerns and expectations of benefits affect the decision to rebel, social commitments, identities radicalized by state repression, and collective threat perceptions among efficacious individuals generated by political mobilization, rather than preexisting ethnic cleavages, also lead to participation in an ethnic insurgency. The latter findings explain the durability of insurgencies with limited economic resources and their ability to attract educated fighters.
Self-reference in psychosis and depression: a language marker of illness
Authors: Fineberg S. K. , Leavitt J. , Deutsch-Link S. , Dealy S. , Landry C. D. , Pirruccio K. , Shea S. , Trent S. , Cecchi G. , Corlett P. R.
Published: June 2016

Background

Language use is of increasing interest in the study of mental illness. Analytical approaches range from phenomenological and qualitative to formal computational quantitative methods. Practically, the approach may have utility in predicting clinical outcomes. We harnessed a real-world sample (blog entries) from groups with psychosis, strong beliefs, odd beliefs, illness, mental illness and/or social isolation to validate and extend laboratory findings about lexical differences between psychosis and control subjects.

Method

We describe the results of two experiments using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count software to assess word category frequencies. In experiment 1, we compared word use in psychosis and control subjects in the laboratory (23 per group), and related results to subject symptoms. In experiment 2, we examined lexical patterns in blog entries written by people with psychosis and eight comparison groups. In addition to between-group comparisons, we used factor analysis followed by clustering to discern the contributions of strong belief, odd belief and illness identity to lexical patterns.

Results

Consistent with others’ work, we found that first-person pronouns, biological process words and negative emotion words were more frequent in psychosis language. We tested lexical differences between bloggers with psychosis and multiple relevant comparison groups. Clustering analysis revealed that word use frequencies did not group individuals with strong or odd beliefs, but instead grouped individuals with any illness (mental or physical).

Conclusions

Pairing of laboratory and real-world samples reveals that lexical markers previously identified as specific language changes in depression and psychosis are probably markers of illness in general.
The ground beneath their feet: building continuity at Neolithic Çukuriçi Höyük
Authors: Brami Maxime , Horejs Barbara , Ostmann Felix
Published: June 2016

A Neolithic structure was rebuilt three times at Çukuriçi Höyük, on the central Anatolian Aegean coast, despite its unfavourable location on unsettled fill. We draw upon this seemingly incongruous case to make inference about the siting of buildings in Neolithic times. Through detailed cross-comparison with other sequences of vertically superimposed buildings in Anatolia and the Aegean region, we retrace the contours of a Neolithic practice aimed at maintaining occupation in one place. Over time, building continuity transformed into a strategy by some households to claim authority over a place and appropriate it for their own benefit. With regard to the location of Neolithic buildings, we conclude that choices about location dominated over practical considerations. Once a commitment to place was made, there was no turning back, even when this meant living in an unstable house that needed to be rebuilt repeatedly.
Cosmopolitanism, communality and the appropriation of Mycenaean pottery in western Anatolia
Authors: Vaessen Rik
Published: June 2016

The presence of imported and locally produced Mycenaean pottery in western Anatolia has long caught the attention of scholars, and various explanatory models have been proposed to explain the apparent attractiveness of the pottery. In most cases, however, emphasis is placed on the (stylistic) differences between Mycenaean pottery and the various local plain wares, and it is assumed that these differences were actively recognised by local communities and exploited in the formation of social identities. This paper, however, pilots a different approach that focuses not on the stylistic differences between Mycenaean pottery and the various Anatolian wares but on the (perceived) common ground(s) between them and argues that the attractiveness of Mycenaean, and previously Minoan pottery, lay not so much in its cultural origins or its ‘foreignness’ as in its potential to fit in with existing local material assemblages and enhance a sense of communality among cosmopolitan communities.
Prospective Memory in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Scott J. Cobb , Woods Steven Paul , Wrocklage Kristen M. , Schweinsburg Brian C. , Southwick Steven M. , Krystal John H.
Published: June 2016

Objectives:Neuropsychological studies of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have revealed deficits in attention/working memory, processing speed, executive functioning, and retrospective memory. However, little is known about prospective memory (PM) in PTSD, a clinically relevant aspect of episodic memory that supports the encoding and retrieval of intentions for future actions.Methods:Here we examined PM performance in 40 veterans with PTSD compared to 38 trauma comparison (TC) veterans who were exposed to combat but did not develop PTSD. All participants were administered the Memory for Intentions Test (MIST; Raskin, Buckheit, & Sherrod, 2010), a standardized and validated measure of PM, alongside a comprehensive neurocognitive battery, structured diagnostic interviews for psychiatric conditions, and behavioral questionnaires.Results:Veterans with PTSD performed moderately lower than TC on time-based PM, with errors primarily characterized as PM failure errors (i.e., omissions). However, groups did not differ in event-based PM, ongoing task performance, or post-test recognition of PM intentions for each trial. Lower time-based PM performance was specifically related to hyperarousal symptoms of PTSD. Time-based-performance was also associated with neuropsychological measures of retrospective memory and executive functions in the PTSD group. Nevertheless, PTSD was significantly associated with poorer PM above and beyond age and performance in retrospective memory and executive functions.Discussion:Results provide initial evidence of PM dysfunction in PTSD, especially in strategic monitoring during time-based PM tasks. Findings have potential implications for everyday functioning and health behaviors in persons with PTSD, and deserve replication and future study. (JINS, 2016,22, 724–734)
A River Network Preserved Beneath the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Cook Terri
Published: June 2016

An ancient drainage basin covering one fifth of Greenland predates the ice sheet and strongly influences the modern Jakobshavn Glacier, according to a new analysis of ice-penetrating radar data.
The FNIP co-chaperones decelerate the Hsp90 chaperone cycle and enhance drug binding
Authors: Woodford Mark R. , Dunn Diana M. , Blanden Adam R. , Capriotti Dante , Loiselle David , Prodromou Chrisostomos , Panaretou Barry , Hughes Philip F. , Smith Aaron , Ackerman Wendi , Haystead Timothy A. , Loh Stewart N. , Bourboulia Dimitra , Schmidt Laura S. , Marston Linehan W. , Bratslavsky Gennady , Mollapour Mehdi
Published: June 2016

Heat shock protein-90 (Hsp90) is an essential molecular chaperone in eukaryotes involved in maintaining the stability and activity of numerous signalling proteins, also known as clients. Hsp90 ATPase activity is essential for its chaperone function and it is regulated by co-chaperones. Here we show that the tumour suppressor FLCN is an Hsp90 client protein and its binding partners FNIP1/FNIP2 function as co-chaperones. FNIPs decelerate the chaperone cycle, facilitating FLCN interaction with Hsp90, consequently ensuring FLCN stability. FNIPs compete with the activating co-chaperone Aha1 for binding to Hsp90, thereby providing a reciprocal regulatory mechanism for chaperoning of client proteins. Lastly, downregulation of FNIPs desensitizes cancer cells to Hsp90 inhibitors, whereas FNIPs overexpression in renal tumours compared with adjacent normal tissues correlates with enhanced binding of Hsp90 to its inhibitors. Our findings suggest that FNIPs expression can potentially serve as a predictive indicator of tumour response to Hsp90 inhibitors.
Magnetic assembly of transparent and conducting graphene-based functional composites
Authors: Le Ferrand Hortense , Bolisetty Sreenath , Demirörs Ahmet F. , Libanori Rafael , Studart André R. , Mezzenga Raffaele
Published: June 2016

Innovative methods producing transparent and flexible electrodes are highly sought in modern optoelectronic applications to replace metal oxides, but available solutions suffer from drawbacks such as brittleness, unaffordability and inadequate processability. Here we propose a general, simple strategy to produce hierarchical composites of functionalized graphene in polymeric matrices, exhibiting transparency and electron conductivity. These are obtained through protein-assisted functionalization of graphene with magnetic nanoparticles, followed by magnetic-directed assembly of the graphene within polymeric matrices undergoing sol–gel transitions. By applying rotating magnetic fields or magnetic moulds, both graphene orientation and distribution can be controlled within the composite. Importantly, by using magnetic virtual moulds of predefined meshes, graphene assembly is directed into double-percolating networks, reducing the percolation threshold and enabling combined optical transparency and electrical conductivity not accessible in single-network materials. The resulting composites open new possibilities on the quest of transparent electrodes for photovoltaics, organic light-emitting diodes and stretchable optoelectronic devices.
Super stretchable hydrogel achieved by non-aggregated spherulites with diameters <5 nm
Authors: Sun Guoxing , Li Zongjin , Liang Rui , Weng Lu-Tao , Zhang Lina
Published: June 2016

The scope of hydrogel applications can be greatly expanded by the improvement of mechanical properties. However, enhancement of nanocomposite hydrogels (NC gels) has been severely limited because the size of crosslinking nanoparticles is too large, at least in one dimension. Here we report a new strategy to synthesize non-aggregated spherulite nanoparticles, with diameters <5 nm, in aqueous solution, and their enhancement to hydrogel. The stress and stretch ratio at rupture of our NC gel are 430 and 121 KPa with only 40-p.p.m. nanoparticle content. The NC gel containing 200-p.p.m. nanoparticles can revert to 90% of its original size after enduring 100-MPa compressive stress. Our results demonstrate that the suppression of nanoparticle size without aggregation helps to establish a super stretchable and high-toughness hydrogel network at very low inorganic content.
Cellular responses to HSV-1 infection are linked to specific types of alterations in the host transcriptome
Authors: Hu Benxia , Li Xin , Huo Yongxia , Yu Yafen , Zhang Qiuping , Chen Guijun , Zhang Yaping , Fraser Nigel W. , Wu Dongdong , Zhou Jumin
Published: June 2016

Pathogen invasion triggers a number of cellular responses and alters the host transcriptome. Here we report that the type of changes to cellular transcriptome is related to the type of cellular functions affected by lytic infection of Herpes Simplex Virus type I in Human primary fibroblasts. Specifically, genes involved in stress responses and nuclear transport exhibited mostly changes in alternative polyadenylation (APA), cell cycle genes showed mostly alternative splicing (AS) changes, while genes in neurogenesis, rarely underwent these changes. Transcriptome wide, the infection resulted in 1,032 cases of AS, 161 incidences of APA, 1,827 events of isoform changes and up regulation of 596 genes and down regulations of 61 genes compared to uninfected cells. Thus, these findings provided important and specific links between cellular responses to HSV-1 infection and the type of alterations to the host transcriptome, highlighting important roles of RNA processing in virus-host interactions.
Demosaiced pixel super-resolution for multiplexed holographic color imaging
Authors: Wu Yichen , Zhang Yibo , Luo Wei , Ozcan Aydogan
Published: June 2016

To synthesize a holographic color image, one can sequentially take three holograms at different wavelengths, e.g., at red (R), green (G) and blue (B) parts of the spectrum and digitally merge them. To speed up the imaging process by a factor of three, a Bayer color sensor-chip can also be used to demultiplex three wavelengths that simultaneously illuminate the sample and digitally retrieve individual set of holograms using the known transmission spectra of the Bayer color filters. However, because the pixels of different channels (R, G, B) on a Bayer color sensor are not at the same physical location, conventional demosaicing techniques generate color artifacts in holographic imaging using simultaneous multi-wavelength illumination. Here we demonstrate that pixel super-resolution can be merged into the color de-multiplexing process to significantly suppress the artifacts in wavelength-multiplexed holographic color imaging. This new approach, termed Demosaiced Pixel Super-Resolution (D-PSR), generates color images that are similar in performance to sequential illumination at three wavelengths and therefore improves the speed of holographic color imaging by 3-fold. D-PSR method is broadly applicable to holographic microscopy applications, where high-resolution imaging and multi-wavelength illumination are desired.
The calcium-activated potassium channel KCa3.1 is an important modulator of hepatic injury
Authors: Sevelsted Møller Linda , Fialla Annette Dam , Schierwagen Robert , Biagini Matteo , Liedtke Christian , Laleman Wim , Klein Sabine , Reul Winfried , Koch Hansen Lars , Rabjerg Maj , Singh Vikrant , Surra Joaquin , Osada Jesus , Reinehr Roland , de Muckadell Ove B. Schaffalitzky , Köhler Ralf , Trebicka Jonel
Published: June 2016

The calcium-activated potassium channel KCa3.1 controls different cellular processes such as proliferation and volume homeostasis. We investigated the role of KCa3.1 in experimental and human liver fibrosis. KCa3.1 gene expression was investigated in healthy and injured human and rodent liver. Effect of genetic depletion and pharmacological inhibition of KCa3.1 was evaluated in mice during carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic fibrogenesis. Transcription, protein expression and localisation of KCa3.1 was analysed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Hemodynamic effects of KCa3.1 inhibition were investigated in bile duct-ligated and carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rats. In vitro experiments were performed in rat hepatic stellate cells and hepatocytes. KCa3.1 expression was increased in rodent and human liver fibrosis and was predominantly observed in the hepatocytes. Inhibition of KCa3.1 aggravated liver fibrosis during carbon tetrachloride challenge but did not change hemodynamic parameters in portal hypertensive rats. In vitro, KCa3.1 inhibition leads to increased hepatocyte apoptosis and DNA damage, whereas proliferation of hepatic stellate cells was stimulated by KCa3.1 inhibition. Our data identifies KCa3.1 channels as important modulators in hepatocellular homeostasis. In contrast to previous studies in vitro and other tissues this channel appears to be anti-fibrotic and protective during liver injury.