bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effective Application of the Rule on Fundamental Change of Circumstances to Treaties Contravening the 1997 Polish Constitution
Authors: Karski Karol , Kamiński Tomasz
Published: February 2015

A fundamental change of circumstances is one of the more controversial reasons for the termination of a treaty. The fact that it was included in the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties gave rise to many disputes among legal scholars, including whether the solutions adopted then embodied customary law. In this context, an interesting case is offered by Poland which in 1999 invoked specific provisions of the Convention, both substantive and procedural, including a fundamental change of circumstances, and considered several treaties from the period of Soviet domination terminated with retroactive effect from 1997. The article discusses actions by the states involved and their legal effects. Interestingly, this is one of very few examples where a fundamental change of circumstances was an effective reason for bringing about the termination of treaties in a manner that has not drawn any objections nor has brought about any international accountability.
A Checklist of the Aspidogastrea (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda) of the World
Authors: ALVES PHILIPPE V. , VIEIRA FABIANO M. , SANTOS CLÁUDIA P. , SCHOLZ TOMÁŠ , LUQUE JOSÉ L.
Published: February 2015

A checklist of records of aspidogastrean trematodes (Aspidogastrea) is provided on the basis of a comprehensive survey of the literature since 1826, when the first aspidogastrean species was reported, until December 2014. We list 61 species representing 13 genera within 4 families and 2 orders of aspidogastreans associated with 298 species of invertebrate and vertebrate hosts. The majority of records include bivalves (44% of the total number of host-parasite associations), whereas records from bony fishes represent 32% of host-parasite associations. The aspidogastreans have worldwide distribution, with the highest number of records in the Neartic Region for freshwater hosts and the North Atlantic Ocean for marine ones. The checklist includes a parasite-host list with data on host habitat, site of infection and distribution area of parasites, and a host-parasite list. A limited number of molecular studies on aspidogastreans does not allow us to unravel phylogenetic relationships within the Aspidogastrea.
A new species and two new records of the family Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from Turkey
Authors: DÖKER İSMAİL , KAZAK CENGİZ , KARUT KAMİL
Published: February 2015

Phytoseius ibrahimi Döker & Kazak sp. nov. is described and illustrated. The genus Paragigagnathus Amitai & Grinberg, represented by P. insuetus (Livshitz & Kuznetsov), and Neoseiulus neomarginatus Stathakis, Kapaxidi & Papadoulis, are recorded from Turkey for the first time. Identification keys for the Turkish species of Phytoseius Ribaga and Neoseiulus Hughes are provided.
Combined Winds and Turbulence Prediction System for Automated Air-Traffic Management Applications
Authors: Kim Jung-Hoon , Chan William N. , Sridhar Banavar , Sharman Robert D.
Published: February 2015

A time-lagged ensemble of energy dissipation rate (EDR)-scale turbulence metrics is evaluated against in situ EDR observations from commercial aircraft over the contiguous United States and applied to air-traffic management (ATM) route planning. This method uses the Graphic Turbulence Guidance forecast methodology with three modifications. First, it uses the convection-permitting-scale (Δx = 3 km) Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (ARW) to capture cloud-resolving-scale weather phenomena. Second, turbulence metrics are computed for multiple ARW forecasts that are combined at the same forecast valid time, resulting in a time-lagged ensemble of multiple turbulence metrics. Third, probabilistic turbulence forecasts are provided on the basis of the ensemble results, which are applied to the ATM route planning. Results show that the ARW forecasts match well with observed weather patterns and the overall performance skill of the ensemble turbulence forecast when compared with the observed data is superior to any single turbulence metric. An example wind-optimal route (WOR) is computed using areas experiencing ≥10% probability of encountering severe-or-greater turbulence. Using these turbulence data, lateral turbulence avoidance routes starting from three different waypoints along the WOR from Los Angeles International Airport to John F. Kennedy International Airport are calculated. The examples illustrate the trade-off between flight time/fuel used and turbulence avoidance maneuvers.
Physical Mechanisms of Summer Precipitation Variations in the Tarim Basin in Northwestern China
Authors: Huang Wei , Feng Song , Chen Jianhui , Chen Fahu
Published: February 2015

The Tarim basin (TB) in northwestern China is one of the most arid regions in the middle latitudes, where water is scarce year-round. This study investigates the variations of summer precipitation in the TB and their association with water vapor fluxes and atmospheric circulation. The results suggest that the variations of summer precipitation in the TB are dominated by the water vapor fluxes from the south and east, although the long-term mean water vapor mostly comes from the west. The anomalous water vapor fluxes are closely associated with the meridional teleconnection pattern around 50°–80°E and the zonal teleconnection pattern along the Asian westerly jet in summer. The meridional teleconnection connects central Asia and the tropical Indian Ocean; the zonal teleconnection resembles the “Silk Road pattern.” The two teleconnections lead to negative height anomalies in central Asia and positive height anomalies in the Arabian Sea and India and in northern central China. The anomalous pressure gradient force, caused by these height anomalies, leads to anomalous ascending motion in the TB and brings low-level moisture along the eastern periphery of the Tibetan Plateau and water vapor from the Arabian Sea passing over the Tibetan Plateau to influence precipitation development in the study region.
Seasonal Predictability of Extratropical Storm Tracks in GFDL’s High-Resolution Climate Prediction Model
Authors: Yang Xiaosong , Vecchi Gabriel A. , Gudgel Rich G. , Delworth Thomas L. , Zhang Shaoqing , Rosati Anthony , Jia Liwei , Stern William F. , Wittenberg Andrew T. , Kapnick Sarah , Msadek Rym , Underwood Seth D. , Zeng Fanrong , Anderson Whit , Balaji Venkatramani
Published: February 2015

The seasonal predictability of extratropical storm tracks in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory’s (GFDL)’s high-resolution climate model has been investigated using an average predictability time analysis. The leading predictable components of extratropical storm tracks are the ENSO-related spatial patterns for both boreal winter and summer, and the second predictable components are mostly due to changes in external radiative forcing and multidecadal oceanic variability. These two predictable components for both seasons show significant correlation skill for all leads from 0 to 9 months, while the skill of predicting the boreal winter storm track is consistently higher than that of the austral winter. The predictable components of extratropical storm tracks are dynamically consistent with the predictable components of the upper troposphere jet flow for both seasons. Over the region with strong storm-track signals in North America, the model is able to predict the changes in statistics of extremes connected to storm-track changes (e.g., extreme low and high sea level pressure and extreme 2-m air temperature) in response to different ENSO phases. These results point toward the possibility of providing skillful seasonal predictions of the statistics of extratropical extremes over land using high-resolution coupled models.
Airborne Spectral Polarimeter for Ocean Wave Research
Authors: Hooper Brett A. , Van Pelt Becky , Williams J. Z. , Dugan J. P. , Yi M. , Piotrowski C. C. , Miskey C.
Published: February 2015

The Airborne Remote Optical Spotlight System (AROSS) family of sensors consists of airborne imaging systems that provide passive, high-dynamic range, time series image data and has been used successfully to characterize currents and bathymetry of nearshore ocean, tidal flat, and riverine environments. AROSS–multispectral polarimeter (AROSS-MSP) is a 12-camera system that extends this time series capability to simultaneous color and polarization measurements for the full linear polarization of the imaged scene in red, green, and blue, and near-infrared (RGB–NIR) wavelength bands. Color and polarimetry provide unique information for retrieving dynamic environmental parameters over a larger area (square kilometers) than is possible with typical in situ measurements. This particular field of optical remote sensing is developing rapidly, and simultaneous color and polarimetric data are expected to enable the development of a number of additional important environmental data products, such as the improved ability to image the subsurface water column or maximizing wave contrast to improve oceanographic parameter retrievals of wave spectra and wave heights.

One of the main obstacles to providing good-quality polarimetric image data from a multicamera system is the ability to accurately merge imagery from the cameras to a subpixel level. This study shows that the imagery from AROSS-MSP can be merged to an accuracy better than one-twentieth of a pixel, comparing two different automated algorithmic techniques. This paper describes the architecture of AROSS-MSP, the approach for providing simultaneous color and polarization imagery in space and time, an error analysis to characterize the measurements, and example color and polarization data products from ocean wave imagery.
The bromocresol green assay, but not the modified bromocresol purple assay, overestimates the serum albumin concentration in nephrotic syndrome through reaction with α2-macroglobulin
Authors: Ueno Tsuyoshi , Hirayama Satoshi , Sugihara Masami , Miida Takashi
Published: February 2015

Background

The bromocresol green (BCG) assay is commonly used for measuring albumin (ALB), but is affected by α1- and α2-globulins, which are elevated in systemic inflammation. The modified bromocresol purple (mBCP) assay is another dye-binding method developed to overcome non-specific reactions. Concentrations of α2-macroglobulin, a major α2-globulin component, are increased in nephrotic syndrome (NS), but not in inflammation. There is little direct evidence that α2-macroglobulin affects BCG or mBCP assays.

Methods

We measured serum albumin concentrations in 33 patients with NS and 13 reference healthy controls using BCG (ALBBCG) and mBCP (ALBmBCP) assays, and nephelometry (nALB) as a reference method. We also determined five specific proteins belonging to the α1- and α2-globulins by nephelometry. After adding purified α2-macroglobulin to albumin solutions, protein reactivity in these three assays was compared.

Results

Nephrotic syndrome patients were categorized to tertiles according to nALB concentration. In all tertiles, ALBBCG was significantly higher than nALB, especially in the severe hypoalbuminemia group, in which α2-macroglobulin was 43–49% higher. By contrast, ALBmBCP and nALB were almost identical in all three groups. The difference between ALBBCG and nALB was positively correlated with the α2-macroglobulin concentration. In vitro, when α2-macroglobulin was added to solutions containing identical albumin concentrations, α2-macroglobulin dose-dependently increased ALBBCG, but not ALBmBCP.

Conclusions

In NS, α2-macroglobulin is a major factor for positive bias of ALBBCG, especially in patients with severe hypoalbuminemia. The mBCP assay is useful for measuring albumin concentrations in NS.
Three Tales of Three Cities in the Book of Judges
Authors: Ryan Roger
Published: February 2015

This expository essay considers three stories in the Book of Judges that are set in cities. Grim tales of violence unfold in the cities of Shechem, Liash and Gibeah, where visitors and the unsuspecting inhabitants and visitors who have reason to consider they are safe, become victims. Justice and retribution is suggested for the theme of the first story; the second features the powerful depriving of the weak and unsuspecting of their homes and their lives; and the third describes foolishness and cruelty and the silence of God.
Implementing participatory research with an urban American Indian community: Lessons learned
Authors: Roberts Erica B , Jette Shannon L
Published: February 2015

Objective:

Participatory research has proven an effective method for improving health equity among American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) by addressing power imbalances between communities and researchers, incorporating community knowledge and theory, ensuring mutual benefit and improving community capacity and programme sustainability. However, few studies have examined the implementation of these methods with urban Indian (UI) communities, a growing population currently comprising 71% of AI/ANs. This paper describes the experiences of two academic researchers (one a Native doctoral student and another a White assistant professor) who sought to engage in participatory research with an UI community in Maryland.

Method:

The methodology employed was a literature review of Indigenous participatory research methods that aimed to inform the work of a youth-led project, and a reflexive case-study analysis.

Results:

Researchers discuss the social, structural and political inequalities that challenged their ability to engage in this process and identify three lessons learned associated with conducting participatory research with this population: logistics and recruitment, identifying the constraints and/or competing priorities of the community, and the importance of reflexivity and communication throughout the process. In an epilogue, the researchers highlight and reflect upon how they have since applied these lessons to strengthen their relationship with the community, yielding new and mutually beneficial participatory research projects.

Conclusion:

The findings presented advance research on participatory methodologies with UI communities and call for increased economic and political support of and long-term commitment to UI organisations to address the structural inequalities underpinning existing health inequities.
Effects of Stereoscopic Depth on Vigilance Performance and Cerebral Hemodynamics
Authors: Greenlee Eric T. , Funke Gregory J. , Warm Joel S. , Finomore Victor S. , Patterson Robert E. , Barnes Laura E. , Funke Matthew E. , Vidulich Michael A.
Published: February 2015

Objective:

We tested the possibility that monitoring a display wherein critical signals for detection were defined by a stereoscopic three-dimensional (3-D) image might be more resistant to the vigilance decrement, and to temporal declines in cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV), than monitoring a display featuring a customary two-dimensional (2-D) image.

Background:

Hancock has asserted that vigilance studies typically employ stimuli for detection that do not exemplify those that occur in the natural world. As a result, human performance is suboptimal. From this perspective, tasks that better approximate perception in natural environments should enhance performance efficiency. To test that possibility, we made use of stereopsis, an important means by which observers interact with their everyday surroundings.

Method:

Observers monitored a circular display in which a vertical line was embedded. Critical signals for detection in a 2-D condition were instances in which the line was rotated clockwise from vertical. In a 3-D condition, critical signals were cases in which the line appeared to move outward toward the observer.

Results:

The overall level of signal detection and the stability of detection over time were greater when observers monitored for 3-D changes in target depth compared to 2-D changes in target orientation. However, the 3-D display did not retard the temporal decline in CBFV.

Conclusion:

These results provide the initial demonstration that 3-D displays can enhance performance in vigilance tasks.

Application:

The use of 3-D displays may be productive in augmenting system reliability when operator vigilance is vital.
Human Periapical Cyst–Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiate Into Neuronal Cells
Authors: Marrelli M. , Paduano F. , Tatullo M.
Published: February 2015

It was recently reported that human periapical cysts (hPCys), a commonly occurring odontogenic cystic lesion of inflammatory origin, contain mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with the capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. In this study, periapical inflammatory cysts were compared with dental pulp to determine whether this tissue may be an alternative accessible tissue source of MSCs that retain the potential for neurogenic differentiation. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence analysis indicated that hPCy-MSCs and dental pulp stem cells spontaneously expressed the neuron-specific protein β-III tubulin and the neural stem-/astrocyte-specific protein glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in their basal state before differentiation occurs. Furthermore, undifferentiated hPCy-MSCs showed a higher expression of transcripts for neuronal markers (β-III tubulin, NF-M, MAP2) and neural-related transcription factors (MSX-1, Foxa2, En-1) as compared with dental pulp stem cells. After exposure to neurogenic differentiation conditions (neural media containing epidermal growth factor [EGF], basic fibroblast growth factor [bFGF], and retinoic acid), the hPCy-MSCs showed enhanced expression of β-III tubulin and GFAP proteins, as well as increased expression of neurofilaments medium, neurofilaments heavy, and neuron-specific enolase at the transcript level. In addition, neurally differentiated hPCy-MSCs showed upregulated expression of the neural transcription factors Pitx3, Foxa2, Nurr1, and the dopamine-related genes tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter. The present study demonstrated for the first time that hPCy-MSCs have a predisposition toward the neural phenotype that is increased when exposed to neural differentiation cues, based on upregulation of a comprehensive set of proteins and genes that define neuronal cells. In conclusion, these results provide evidence that hPCy-MSCs might be another optimal source of neural/glial cells for cell-based therapies to treat neurologic diseases.
Explosive connections? Mass media, social media, and the geography of collective violence in African states
Authors: Warren T Camber
Published: February 2015

Growing evidence indicates that the diffusion of information and communication technologies (ICTs) can substantially alter the contours of collective violence in developing nations. However, empirical investigations of such effects have generally been hampered by an inability to systematically measure geographic variation in ICT penetration, across multiple technologies and multiple countries. In this article, I show that geo-referenced household surveys can be used to estimate subnational differences in the spatial reach of radio and cellular communications infrastructures in 24 African states. By combining these estimates with geo-referenced measures of the location of disaggregated events of collective violence, I show that there are important differences between centralized ‘mass’ communication technologies – such as radios – that foster vertical linkages between state and society, and decentralized ‘social’ communication technologies – such as cell phones – that foster horizontal linkages between the members of a society. The evidence demonstrates that the geographic reach of mass media penetration generates substantial pacifying effects, while the reach of social media penetration generates substantial increases in collective violence, especially in areas lacking access to mass media infrastructure. I argue that these findings are consistent with a theory of ICT effects which focuses on the strengthening and weakening of economies of scale in the marketplace of ideas.
Monitoring of small laboratory animal experiments by a designated web-based database
Authors: Frenzel T , Grohmann C , Schumacher U , Krüll A
Published: February 2015

Multiple-parametric small animal experiments require, by their very nature, a sufficient number of animals which may need to be large to obtain statistically significant results. 1 For this reason database-related systems are required to collect the experimental data as well as to support the later (re-) analysis of the information gained during the experiments. In particular, the monitoring of animal welfare is simplified by the inclusion of warning signals (for instance, loss in body weight >20%). Digital patient charts have been developed for human patients but are usually not able to fulfill the specific needs of animal experimentation. To address this problem a unique web-based monitoring system using standard MySQL, PHP, and nginx has been created. PHP was used to create the HTML-based user interface and outputs in a variety of proprietary file formats, namely portable document format (PDF) or spreadsheet files. This article demonstrates its fundamental features and the easy and secure access it offers to the data from any place using a web browser. This information will help other researchers create their own individual databases in a similar way. The use of QR-codes plays an important role for stress-free use of the database. We demonstrate a way to easily identify all animals and samples and data collected during the experiments. Specific ways to record animal irradiations and chemotherapy applications are shown. This new analysis tool allows the effective and detailed analysis of huge amounts of data collected through small animal experiments. It supports proper statistical evaluation of the data and provides excellent retrievable data storage.
Initial experience of direct-to-test endoscopic ultrasonography for suspected choledocholithiasis
Authors: Lochhead Paul , Phull Perminder
Published: February 2015

Background and aims

Endoscopic ultrasound has become an invaluable tool in the investigation of patients with suspected pancreatobiliary disease. We set out to determine whether a “direct-to-test” endoscopic ultrasound procedure could be offered to selected patients with suspected choledocholithiasis.

Methods and results

We included patients referred to our general gastroenterology service with clinical history, symptomatology and/or laboratory results compatible with choledocholithiais. Almost all patients had already had a transabdominal ultrasound performed at the request of their general practitioner. All patients underwent direct-to-test day-case endoscopic ultrasound under conscious sedation. Procedures were performed by a single practitioner using an oblique-viewing radial echoendoscope. The diagnostic yield and frequencies of discharge, onward referral and follow-up were determined. Overall diagnostic yield of direct-to-test endoscopic ultrasound was 61%. The most common diagnoses were cholelithiasis (18%) and choledocholithiasis (11%); one periampullary cancer was also detected. A definitive outcome (discharge or referral for a therapeutic procedure) occurred in 14 of 28 patients (50%). The remaining 14 patients underwent further out-patient evaluation. Eventual diagnoses in this group included autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis and drug-induced hepatitis.

Conclusions

For patients with suspected biliary disease, direct-to-test endoscopic ultrasound has a high diagnostic yield, and may be an appropriate mode of investigation.
Success in These Schools? Visual Counternarratives of Young Men of Color and Urban High Schools They Attend
Authors: Harper Shaun R.
Published: February 2015

The overwhelming majority of published scholarship on urban high schools in the United States focuses on problems of inadequacy, instability, underperformance, and violence. Similarly, across all schooling contexts, most of what has been written about young men of color continually reinforces deficit narratives about their educational possibility. Taken together, images of Black and Latino male students in inner-city schools often manufacture dark, hopeless visualizations of imperiled youth and educational environments. Using photographic data from a study of 325 college-bound juniors and seniors attending 40 public New York City high schools, this article counterbalances one-sided mischaracterizations of young men of color and the urban schools that educate them. Specifically, visual sociology and critical race methodologies are used to construct anti-deficit counternarratives about boys of color and urban education.
The Volume-Quality Relationship in Antibiotic Prescribing
Authors: Gidengil Courtney A. , Linder Jeffrey A. , Hunter Gerald , Setodji Claude , Mehrotra Ateev
Published: February 2015

For many surgeries and high-risk medical conditions, higher volume providers provide higher quality care. The impact of volume on more common medical conditions such as acute respiratory infections (ARIs) has not been examined. Using electronic health record data for adult ambulatory ARI visits, we divided primary care physicians into ARI volume quintiles. We fitted a linear regression model of antibiotic prescribing rates across quintiles to assess for a significant difference in trend. Higher ARI volume physicians had lower quality across a number of domains, including higher antibiotic prescribing rates, higher broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing, and lower guideline concordance. Physicians with a higher volume of cases manage ARI very differently and are more likely to prescribe antibiotics. When they prescribe an antibiotic for a diagnosis for which an antibiotic may be indicated, they are less likely to prescribe guideline-concordant antibiotics. Given that high-volume physicians account for the bulk of ARI visits, efforts targeting this group are likely to yield important population effects in improving quality.
Complicated malaria: A rare presentation of Plasmodium ovale
Authors: Tomar Laxmikant Ramkumarsingh , Giri Subhash , Bauddh Nitesh Kumar , Jhamb Rajat
Published: February 2015

Malaria has emerged as a major public health problem worldwide. Complications are commonly seen in Plasmodium falciparum ( P. falciparum) and Plasmodium vivax ( P. vivax) infection, but due to Plasmodium ovale ( P. ovale) infection is rarely described in literature. Here we report a case of severe disease due to P. ovale infection complicated with jaundice, thrombocytopenia, hypotension and acute renal failure.
Roles of fatalism and parental support in the relationship between bullying victimization and bystander behaviors
Authors: Li Yiqiong , Chen Peter Y. , Chen Fu-Li , Wu Wen-Chi
Published: February 2015

This article examines how past bullied victims engage two types of bystander behaviors (defender and outsider) when they witness bullying situations.We also investigate if fatalism mediates the relationship between past victimization and two bystander behaviors. Finally, we test if parental support moderates the relationship between fatalism and two bystander behaviors. Based on 3,441 students from 20 middle schools in Taiwan, results support the mediation hypotheses that the relationships of past victimization with defender and outsider behaviors are mediated through fatalism. Furthermore, the results support the moderation hypotheses that parental support is positively associated with defender behavior even when the level of fatalism is high. Future school bullying prevention research and practice may benefit from understanding how to reduce fatalistic belief and strengthen parental support.
ICRP: past, present, and future
Authors: Cousins C.
Published: February 2015

The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) is a premier international organisation for the protection of workers, patients, and the public against ionising radiation. It was established in 1928 to advance, for the public benefit, the science of radiological protection, with its work in the early years focusing mainly on occupational exposure in medicine. The name ‘International Commission on Radiological Protection’ was adopted in 1950 to reflect the wider and more diverse areas of work that were being undertaken. ICRP has published 13 sets of general recommendations and these form the basis of radiation safety standards worldwide. ICRP consists of the Main Commission and five standing committees. There are 84 official members of the Main Commission and Committees 1–5, but more than 200 members who work with ICRP through its task groups. ICRP has developed a strategic plan for 2011–2017 and has made progress with some of its initiatives. These include establishing close liaison with other radiological protection organisations, responding to the needs and concerns of the radiological protection community, and identifying areas of work that require scrutiny of science and practice to produce relevant recommendations. This strategy means that ICRP will continue to be a leader in radiological protection for many years to come.
Current Status of Nutrition Training in Graduate Medical Education From a Survey of Residency Program Directors
Authors: Daley Brian J. , Cherry‐Bukowiec Jill , Van Way Charles W. , Collier Bryan , Gramlich Leah , McMahon M. Molly , McClave Stephen A. ,   A.S.P.E.N. Task Force on Postgraduate Medical Education
Published: February 2015

Introduction: Nutrition leaders surmised graduate medical nutrition education was not well addressed because most medical and surgical specialties have insufficient resources to teach current nutrition practice. A needs assessment survey was constructed to determine resources and commitment for nutrition education from U.S. graduate medical educators to address this problem. Methods: An online survey of 36 questions was sent to 495 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Program Directors in anesthesia, family medicine, internal medicine, pediatrics, obstetrics/gynecology, and general surgery. Demographics, resources, and open‐ended questions were included. There was a 14% response rate (72 programs), consistent with similar studies on the topic. Results: Most (80%) of the program directors responding were from primary care programs, the rest surgical (17%) or anesthesia (3%). Program directors themselves lacked knowledge of nutrition. While some form of nutrition education was provided at 78% of programs, only 26% had a formal curriculum and physicians served as faculty at only 53%. Sixteen programs had no identifiable expert in nutrition and 10 programs stated that no nutrition training was provided. Training was variable, ranging from an hour of lecture to a month‐long rotation. Seventy‐seven percent of program directors stated that the required educational goals in nutrition were not met. The majority felt an advanced course in clinical nutrition should be required of residents now or in the future. Conclusions: Nutrition education in current graduate medical education is poor. Most programs lack the expertise or time commitment to teach a formal course but recognize the need to meet educational requirements. A broad‐based, diverse universal program is needed for training in nutrition during residency.
Do You Pursue Your Heart or Your Art? Creativity, Personality, and Love
Authors: Campbell Kelly , Kaufman James
Published: February 2015

We examined the associations between love, personality, and creativity for people in relationships of varying durations. Participants ( N = 1,529) from regions across the United States completed an online survey. Consistent with prior work, we found that relationship length was negatively associated with passion, positively associated with commitment, and did not exhibit a significant association with intimacy. For personality, agreeableness was positively associated with passion, intimacy, and commitment, and conscientiousness was positively associated with intimacy and commitment. Additionally, openness was significantly associated with passion and intimacy for men, and emotional stability was significantly associated with intimacy for women. Of note, artistic creative behaviors were negatively associated with all three love components, whereas everyday creative behaviors and self-assessed creativity were positively associated with each love component.
Employment Change Among Married Parents of Children With Special Health Care Needs
Authors: DeRigne LeaAnne , Porterfield Shirley L.
Published: February 2015

Over one in five households with children has at least one child with a special health care need (CSHCN). Child health caregiving can bleed into paid work time. This research analyzes what factors influence work decisions (who reduces work and by how much) in married-couple families with CSHCN. This article uses data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to examine the specifics of changes in parental work status and a comparison of family/work trade-offs made by parents in families with and without a CSHCN. Results indicate that mothers are more likely to experience negative work changes than fathers. Both mothers and fathers with CSHCN are more likely to report missing work than parents of children without special health care needs. Overall, when children receive treatment in a primary care practice that serves as a medical home, parents are less likely to experience negative employment changes.
Laryngeal Reinnervation Featuring Refined Nerve‐Muscle Pedicle Implantation Evaluated via Electromyography and Use of Coronal Images
Authors: Sanuki Tetsuji , Yumoto Eiji , Nishimoto Kohei , Kodama Narihiro , Kodama Haruka , Minoda Ryosei
Published: February 2015

Objective

To evaluate the long‐term efficacy of laryngeal reinnervation via refined nerve‐muscle pedicle (NMP) flap implantation combined with arytenoid adduction to treat unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP), employing laryngeal electromyography (LEMG), coronal imaging, and phonatory function assessment.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

University hospital.

Subjects and Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 12 UVFP patients who underwent refined NMP implantation with arytenoid adduction. Videostroboscopy, phonatory functional analysis, LEMG, and coronal imaging were performed before and 2 years after surgery. In LEMG analysis, a 4‐point scale was employed to grade motor unit (MU) recruitment: 4+ reflected no recruitment, 3+ greatly decreased recruitment, 2+ moderately decreased recruitment, and 1+ mildly decreased activity, associated with less than the full interference pattern. Coronal images were assessed in terms of differences in thickness and the vertical positions of the vocal folds.

Results

Phonatory function improved significantly after operation in all patients. In terms of LEMG findings, the preoperative MU recruitment scores were 1+ in no patients, 2+ in 4 patients, 3+ in 1 patient, and 4+ in 7 patients. Postoperative MU recruitment results were 1+ in 6 patients, 2+ in 5 patients, 3+ in 1 patient, and 4+ in no patients. Thinning of the affected fold during phonation was evident preoperatively in 9 of 10 patients. The affected and healthy folds were equal in volume in 4 of 9 patients postoperatively.

Conclusion

The LEMG findings and coronal imaging suggest that NMP implantation may have enabled successful reinnervation of the laryngeal muscles of UVFP patients.
Vibration‐ and Hyperventilation‐Induced Nystagmus in Patients with Ramsay Hunt Syndrome with Vertigo
Authors: Kim Chang‐Hee , Jeong Kyung‐Hwa , Ahn Sung Hwan , Shin Dong Hyuk , Kim Yong Won , Shin Jung Eun
Published: February 2015

Objectives

The aims of this study were to compare vibration‐induced nystagmus (VIN) and hyperventilation‐induced nystagmus (HVIN) findings in patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome with vertigo (RHS‐V), sudden sensorineural hearing loss with vertigo (SSNHL‐V), and vestibular neuritis (VN) during the acute stage and to address the possible lesion sites of vestibular deficit in RHS‐V.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Tertiary referral center.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective case series study in 27 patients with SSNHL‐V, 104 patients with VN, and 17 patients with RHS‐V and evaluated the findings of VIN and HVIN tests.

Results

An abnormal VIN was observed in 91% of the patients with VN, 89% of those with SSNHL‐V, and 94% of those with RHS‐V, and the prevalence of abnormal VIN was not significantly different (P =. 436). An abnormal HVIN was observed in 51% of the patients with VN, 22% of those with SSNHL‐V, and 59% of those with RHS‐V. While the prevalence of an abnormal HVIN was significantly different between SSNHL‐V and VN groups (P =. 007) and between SSNHL‐V and RHS‐V groups (P =. 014), that between VN and RHS‐V groups did not show a significant difference (P =. 547).

Conclusion

Since the results of HVIN in RHS‐V patients were more similar to those in VN patients than those in SSNHL‐V patients, a lesioned site may be more likely within the vestibular nerve than the inner ear as a cause for vestibular deficit in patients with RHS‐V who show caloric canal paresis of 25% or greater.
Haematidrosis associated with epilepsy in a girl successfully treated with oxcarbazepine: Case report
Authors: Shen Hongshi , Wang Zhaoyue , Wu Tianqin , Wang Jing , Ren Chuanlu , Chen Haifei , Yu Ziqiang , Don Wanli
Published: February 2015

The aetiology and pathological mechanisms involved in the development of haematidrosis (bloody sweat) remain unclear. There is no specific treatment for this disorder. This case report describes the clinical manifestations and treatment of a 9-year-old female with haematidrosis associated with epilepsy. The diagnosis of haematidrosis was confirmed by medical personnel who observed the bleeding and were able to rule out other causes of the bloody exudate. The episodes of bleeding were spontaneous, transient, and self-limited. Smears of the bloody exudate contained all of the components of peripheral blood. A skin biopsy taken at one site of the bloody exudate was normal, showing no signs of blood extravasation or bleeding sweat glands. The bleeding events were found to be immediately preceded by tonic seizures. An electroencephalogram indicated cerebral parietooccipital epilepsy, which was characterized by an intermittent medium-high amplitude θ rhythm (5–7 Hz) with a few spikes. The symptoms of both epilepsy and haematidrosis resolved after treatment with the antiepileptic drug 150 mg oxcarbazepine, orally, twice a day, which suggests that the epileptic seizures triggered haematidrosis in this patient.
Assessing jazz big band performance: The development, validation, and application of a facet-factorial rating scale
Authors: Wesolowski Brian C.
Published: February 2015

The purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable rating scale to assess jazz big band performance and to evaluate the psychometric properties of jazz big bands at three performance achievement levels (e.g., low, moderate, high). The pool of initial scale items ( N = 22) was gleaned from jazz big band research and instructional literature. Using a four-point Likert scale, rating responses ( N = 102) were gathered for jazz ensemble performances ( N = 102) from volunteer raters ( N = 102). A factor analysis produced a reduced 18-item scale with a four-factor structure: blend/balance, time-feel, idiomatic nuance, and expression. The four factors accounted for 63.32% of the variance and had a total alpha reliability of .84. Discriminant function analyses revealed that four specific items contributed most to identifying ensembles with low and moderate performance ratings. The factor structure was able to predict group membership with 88.5% accuracy.
Gender aspects of the relationship between migraine and cardiovascular risk factors: A cross-sectional evaluation in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)
Authors: Goulart Alessandra C , Santos Itamar S , Lotufo Paulo A , Benseñor Isabela M
Published: February 2015

Background

The relationship between cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and migraine is controversial and might be different in both genders. These associations were evaluated in Brazilian middle-aged men and women from the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).

Methods

The cross-sectional relationship between our main outcome, which was migraine headache (definite, probable and overall), and CVRF was evaluated in the total sample and according to gender. We calculated frequencies and odds ratios (95% CI) for this relationship using binary and multinomial logistic regression analyses in crude, age-adjusted and multivariable models adjusted by potential confounders.

Results

Of 14,953 individuals who completed the data about headache and CVRF, the frequency of one-year migraine was of 29.5% (22.5% in women and 7.0% in men). In the multivariable-adjusted regression analyses, an inverse association between hypertension (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36–0.79), metabolic syndrome (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.43–0.99) and definite migraine were confirmed for men, but not for women. In the opposite direction, a positive association between migraine headaches (definite, probable and overall) and dyslipidemia (overall migraine OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.13–1.38) was observed only for women, but not for men.

Conclusions

A gender influence on the relationship between migraine and CVRF was verified in the ELSA-Brasil.
Effect of Fatty Degeneration of the Infraspinatus on the Efficacy of Arthroscopic Patch Autograft Procedure for Large to Massive Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Mori Daisuke , Funakoshi Noboru , Yamashita Fumiharu , Wakabayashi Tsuguru
Published: February 2015

Background:

In a 2013 study involving 24 patients whose shoulders had large or massive rotator cuff tears (RCTs) and low-grade fatty degeneration of the infraspinatus (Goutallier stage 1 or 2), we reported significantly improved clinical results after an arthroscopic fascia lata autograft patch procedure, with a 79.2% rate of intact repairs. Based on that study, we began applying the fascia lata autograft patch procedure to shoulders with stage 3 or 4 degeneration of the supraspinatus and stage 3 or 4 degeneration of the infraspinatus.

Purpose:

To investigate the effects of the fascia lata autograft patch procedure on massive RCTs in shoulders with high-grade degeneration of the infraspinatus by comparing the clinical outcomes and structural features with those in shoulders with low-grade degeneration of the infraspinatus.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A case series of 45 consecutive patients with large to massive RCTs with high-grade fatty degeneration of the supraspinatus and either low-grade (group L; n = 26 [the same patients as in our previous study plus 2 additional patients]) or high-grade (group H; n = 19) fatty degeneration of the infraspinatus were treated with the fascia lata autograft patch procedure. Clinical (Constant and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons [ASES]) scores, structural outcomes on MRI, and muscle strength were assessed at a minimum 2-year follow-up and compared between the 2 groups.

Results:

Patients in group L had a higher frequency of intact repairs than did those in group H (73.1% vs 10.6%; P < .001), as assessed by MRI. Clinical scores, range of motion, and muscle strength ratios were improved after surgery in both groups. However, at the final follow-up, the mean Constant (78.4 in group L vs 63.9 in group H; P < .0001) and ASES (91.3 in group L vs 73.6 in group H; P < .001) scores were significantly higher in group L than in group H. Moreover, there were significant between-group differences in the mean muscle strength ratio of the affected to healthy sides for both abduction (0.68 in group L vs 0.54 in group H) and external rotation (0.67 in group L vs 0.50 in group H) for abduction at the final follow-up ( P < .0001 for both).

Conclusion:

The arthroscopic fascia lata autograft patch procedure was not as beneficial for massive RCTs with high-grade fatty degeneration of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus as other treatment options that produce similar functional results.
Critical Care for the Patient With Multiple Trauma
Authors: Radomski Michal , Zettervall Sara , Schroeder Mary Elizabeth , Messing Jonathan , Dunne James , Sarani Babak
Published: February 2015

Trauma remains the leading cause of death worldwide and the leading cause of death in those less than 44 years old in the United States. Admission to a verified trauma center has been shown to decrease mortality following a major injury. This decrease in mortality has been a direct result of improvements in the initial evaluation and resuscitation from injury as well as continued advances in critical care. As such, it is vital that intensive care practitioners be familiar with various types of injuries and their associated treatment strategies as well as their potential complications in order to minimize the morbidity and mortality frequently seen in this patient population.
Lessons Learned from a Student-Led Breastfeeding Support Initiative at a US Urban Public University
Authors: Dinour Lauren M. , Beharie Nisha
Published: February 2015

Despite US laws requiring most workplaces to provide “reasonable” unpaid break time and a private space for female employees to express breast milk, much of the statutory language is vague and open to interpretation, potentially leading to suboptimal implementation. College and university campuses in the US represent a particular concern, as students are typically not employed by their school and thus not protected by state and federal labor laws. This article describes the work of 2 graduate students to successfully establish a dedicated space at their US urban public university for the purpose of expressing breast milk. A 3-pronged strategy was implemented to create a dedicated lactation space: (1) collecting data to support the establishment of the room, (2) raising awareness of legislation related to protection of breastfeeding, and (3) community organizing and advocacy. After nearly 18 months of advocacy and planning, the campus’ dedicated lactation room was opened for use in March 2012. Two years later, the room remains a valuable resource and is used, on average, 8.4 times per weekday during a typical school week. Several lessons learned are described, and the strategies employed can be tested and applied in other US academic settings to assist in advocating for more supports for breastfeeding mothers. However, it is also imperative that US legislation be amended to include language that explicitly protects students so that women do not need to make the choice between continuing their education and continuing to breastfeed.
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction in Advanced Nursing Practice
Authors: Williams Hants , Simmons Leigh Ann , Tanabe Paula
Published: February 2015

The aim of this article is to discuss how advanced practice nurses (APNs) can incorporate mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) as a nonpharmacologic clinical tool in their practice. Over the last 30 years, patients and providers have increasingly used complementary and holistic therapies for the nonpharmacologic management of acute and chronic diseases. Mindfulness-based interventions, specifically MBSR, have been tested and applied within a variety of patient populations. There is strong evidence to support that the use of MBSR can improve a range of biological and psychological outcomes in a variety of medical illnesses, including acute and chronic pain, hypertension, and disease prevention. This article will review the many ways APNs can incorporate MBSR approaches for health promotion and disease/symptom management into their practice. We conclude with a discussion of how nurses can obtain training and certification in MBSR. Given the significant and growing literature supporting the use of MBSR in the prevention and treatment of chronic disease, increased attention on how APNs can incorporate MBSR into clinical practice is necessary.