bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Equilibrium Distribution of Population and Wages in a System of Cities
Authors: Kahn James R. , Ofek Haim
Published: March 2021

The positive relationship between wages and city size is shown to be consistent with equilibrium conditions predetermined by the dynamics of market forces. This means that wages are expected to rise with city size under diverse technological and institutional conditions, assuming mobility is unimpaired. A new interpretation for a widely observed statistical regularity is thus suggested. The new interpretation is consistent with conventional economic explanations (driven by the principle of compensating wage differentials in the presence of urban disamenities and rising costs of living). It is less restrictive, however. Sweeping assumptions about deteriorating amenities or rising cost of living throughout the entire range of city size are no longer required. These conditions need only hold in the immediate vicinity of equilibrium. In fact, their existence is shown to be a direct outcome of equilibrium, rather than an independent ex ante cause.
A Dynamic Analysis of Net Migration and State Employment Change
Authors: Gruidl John S. , Pulver Glen C.
Published: March 2021

The dynamic relationship of net migration and employment change is examined for ten selected states of the U.S. using a multivariate time series approach - a vector autoregression (VAR) model. Granger causality tests and dynamic multipliers provide information on the dynamic process. The results suggest a state-level process in which employment change occurs first, and net migration follows with a lag. The procedure appears promising in investigating the timing of net migration and regional employment change.
A Non-Linear Goal Programming Approach to Modeling Intraregional Economic Development
Authors: Spahr Ronald W. , Deckro Richard F.
Published: March 2021

State and local economic planners historically have been plagued by the sensitivity of regional economics to exogenously determined economic forces. Economic changes may be caused by fluctuations in regional exports, federal government expenditures, and/or externally financed investments, among other factors. A major task of regional economic analysts, therefore, is to develop policies and plans that will reduce the effects and costs of exogenous shocks. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the usefulness of a polynomial goal programming model in establishing a benchmark industrial structure which could be used to guide planning and policy efforts.
Multi-Level Modeling for Incorporating Public Perceptions into Comprehensive Planning: Door County Example
Authors: Sancar Fahriye Hazer , Cook Robert J.
Published: March 2021

This paper describes the main components of a decision support system for community development that enhances the appreciative capabilities of policy-making groups by aiding them in effective use of available expert knowledge, integration of relevant information in problem analysis, and formulation of policy options and evaluation of alternatives for problem resolution. The components of this system are a generic community development model, a problem structuring algorithm, and a situational system dynamics model. This paper is dedicated first, to a methodological approach, with sections following on the generic model, and guidelines for structuring/ customization in developing a situational model. Finally, implementation results are given for a planning exercise in Door County, Wisconsin.
Returns to Scale Behavior and Manufacturing Agglomeration Economies in U.S. Urban Areas
Authors: Duffy Neal E.
Published: March 2021

The returns to scale (RTS) parameter of urban production functions often has been used to test for the existence of agglomeration economies in urban areas. The production function has been viewed as a convenient device for bridging the gap between the theory of agglomeration and its measurement. Though the studies in this area recently have become much more refined, additional research has been needed in some of the more basic methodological and procedural issues connected with the empirical implementation of the production function approach. The principal objective of this study is to obtain a more accurate estimate of RTS for the manufacturing sector of urban agglomerations in the U.S. The conclusion is that the economies of agglomeration may be more complex than originally thought and it may be fruitful to examine more closely the underlying factors involved.
A Note on Determining the Spatial and Product Extent of a Market
Authors: Uri Noel D.
Published: March 2021

In this paper an approach is used for defining the nature and extent of a geographic market and a product market relying on the concept of instantaneous causality. The market(s) for rice is (are) used for the empirical implementation of the technique. The results, based on both domestic (United States) and world prices, suggest that the extent of the geographic market changed between 1968 and 1986. This has obvious policy implications.
Comments on “Ready-Made” Input-Output Models in Regional Analysis
Authors: Miernyk William H. , Stevens Benjamin H. , Jensen R.C. , Knox Hugh W. , Round Jeffrey I. , Bourque Phillip J.
Published: March 2021

Six brief comments on the paper by Brucker, Hastings, and Latham (1987).
The Evolution of the French Regional Economy and French Regional Theory
Authors: Hansen Niles
Published: March 2021

For the past decade there has been a gradual but persistent shift of emphasis in the way in which regional development has been perceived in France. This paper critically examines the interactions between French regional development processes and recent French regional economic thought, with particular emphasis on insights that may be gained for more general regional development theory and practice.
An Exploratory Note on Interstate Living-Cost Differentials
Authors: Cebula Richard J.
Published: March 2021

In the United States, there exist enormous geographic living-cost differentials. However, although there are a few exceptions, the literature has essentially failed to investigate the determinants of these living-cost differences. In order to provide further insights, this very brief note examines determinants of interstate living-cost differentials.
Institutional Issues in the Siting of Low Level Radioactive Waste Facilities
Authors: Prichard Clark
Published: March 2021

Selecting a site for a new disposal facility and getting it operational will be a difficult and time consuming process. It is toward the institutional issues involved in low level radioactive waste siting that the focus of this paper is directed.
Economic Segmentation, Inequality, and the North-South Earnings Gap
Authors: Taylor Patricia A. , Gwartney-Gibbs Patricia A.
Published: March 2021

This paper presents data on the nature of segmentation by region and race/ sex group in an empirical analysis of the effects of segmentation by region on earnings inequality between race/ sex groups, using data from the 1978 Current Population Survey.
Regional Economic Stabilization: An Efficient Diversification Approach
Authors: Brewer H.L.
Published: March 2021

This paper presents findings on three elements relevant to regional economic diversification and stability using concepts from portfolio theory. First, the empirical form of a frontier of efficient portfolios of manufacturing industries is computed and shown in risk/return space. This frontier represents the upper bounds for regional diversification aimed at maximizing expected values for given levels of risk. Second, diversification measures are computed for sample regions and are shown relative to the efficient frontier. Discussion reveals the portfolio approach prescribes superior normative guides relative to other approaches to diversification. Third, statistical tests are undertaken to determine if a portfolio diversification measure can explain cross-sectional differences in subsequently realized instability.
Shutdown: Twenty-Two Industrial Plant Closings in the U.S., 1977-1982
Authors: Matthews Nancy Torrance
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine a small sample of plant shutdowns which occurred during the period between 1977 and 1982 in order to determine whether or not the details of the shutdowns actually bear a resemblance to the provisions in proposed plant closing legislation.
The Application of Comprehensive Community Economic Analysis
Authors: Pulver Glen C.
Published: March 2021

Community Economic Development in the 1970s might best be characterized by a push for financial incentives aimed at encouraging industrial development and/or the renovation of older city centers. Industrial revenue bonds and their accompanying lower interest rates and federal tax breaks became a part of nearly every state’s incentives package aimed at luring business away from others. Federal grants and loans were combined with private funds to build glittering downtown shopping malls, convention centers, and housing complexes. Local governments were encouraged to organize special taxing districts. These districts used public funds to support private industrial and housing development with the promise of ultimate community fiscal benefit.
State Legislation for Rural Development: The Role of the University
Authors: Deaton Brady J. , Johnson Thomas G.
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this paper is twofold. The first is to describe a rural development institution conceived and borne of the efforts of state government agencies and an academic institution. The second purpose is to relate the process involved in this cooperative undertaking. We hope that it will be obvious how much the product of such a cooperative undertaking is influenced by the day to day twists and turns of the process.
Introduction: Regional Studies of the Caribbean
Authors: Latham III William R.
Published: March 2021

Despite its proximity to the U.S., relatively few regional scientists have more than a passing familiarity with the Caribbean. Yet it offers a unique collection of diverse characteristics for regional studies: political statuses ranging from colonies and possessions to independent nations; resource endowments from rich to nonexistent; levels of development representing all stages; and integration into larger regional systems from minimal to total. Here the possibility of achieving ceteris paribus conditions naturally rather than as a statistical artifact is real. Here regional development policies can be observed operating almost in isolation, free from the complexities oflarger, more advanced economies. And here, too, are opportunities for regional scientists to contribute to improving the welfare of real individuals through the application of regional analysis.
Components of Regional Income Convergence: Empirical Dimensions
Authors: Clark Thomas A.
Published: March 2021

This paper attempts empirically to assess the distinct dmensions of change in the spatial dispersion of personal income associated with labor, capital, and government transfers since 1930. These components are interrelated. The results of this study indicate substantial temporal and spatial variability in component relations and raise further doubts regarding the efficacy of simple models of growth in interregional systems of advanced capitalist nations which stress labor returns but ignore the role of the federal “state” and saptial displacements involving capital returns and transfers.
A Regional Perspective on the Underground Economy
Authors: Meadows Tommy C. , Pihera James A.
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this research is to estimate how much employment and income are generated in each of the six southeastern states and the U.S. by underground economic activity. We are concerned with both absolute amounts and relative amounts. Further, we intend to estimate the amount of unreported income in each of the six states relative to the Southeast and to the entire U.S.
The Regional Impact of Changes in Import Oil Prices
Authors: Bjornstad D.J. , Vogt D.P. , Stuckwish D.N.
Published: March 2021

Effective energy management policies will require changes in the way society consumes energy. Because regions are economically specialized and often are served by specialized regional markets, it is possible that spatial inequalities will occur as new policies are implemented. This paper focuses on how shifts in the price of crude oil may influence regional distributions of population and employment.
A History of the Process of Capital Accumulation in Pittsburgh: A Marxist Interpretation - Part II
Authors: Houston David
Published: March 2021

The period of monopoly capital is one of transition for the Pittsburgh region. It is interesting primarily for what preceded and followed it rather than for the developments within it. This paper goes through this process and discusses it from a Marxist lens.
PROFILE OF COLIFORM STRAINS’ ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
Authors: ჩიკვილაძე დ. Chikviladze D. , გაჩეჩილაძე ხ. Gachechiladze Kh. , მიქელაძე მ. Mikeladze M. , Metreveli D. მეტრეველი დ.
Published: March 2021

The spectrum of sensitivity of 112 E. coli strains isolated from patients with acute intestinal infection to 23 antibiotics was investigated  by the agar dilution method, which revealed an increase in drug resistance and the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains  (33.04%). It was found that the drug resistance of the pathogen to nalidixic acid and carbopenems increased and its high sensitivity to some ftuoroquinolones, III and IV generation aminoglycosides, penicillins and cephalosporins preserved. The drug resistance in future may lead to the formation of hospital strains among E. coli and alter an epidemiological process and the clinical course of the disease.
EVELOPMENT OF GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASSSPECTROMETRIC (GC-MS) METHOD OF DETERMINATION OF TETRAHYDROCANABINOL AND 11-NORTERAHYDROCANABINOL CARBOXYACIDE IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS
Authors: ჯოხაძე მ. Jokhadze M. , თუშურაშვილი პ. Tushurashvili P. , მურთაზაშვილი თ. Murtazashvili T. , იმნაძე ნ. Imnadze N. , სივსივაძე კ. Sivsivadze K.
Published: March 2021

In chemichal-toxicological analysis was  used the method  of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. It is considered  as one of the most exact method of analysis of chemichal substances. Respectively utilization of this method in determination of widely spread narcotic in biological fluids is important task. As a result of experimental work, was determined optimal conditions of analysis: temperature of injector, fuel and transferline, the thermal gradient, volume of injection, length of the column, thickness of the layer, gass-wearing speed of mobile phase. Detection of Desomorphine was carried by TIC and SIM regime, under the NIST data base. For derivatisation was selected acitilation (acetate anhydride), metilation and sylitation were performed. The optimal sylitation of tetrahydrocanabinol  and 11nor-terahydrocanabinol  carboxyacide was performed by BSTFA. In the current work is presented the chromatograme and mass-specter of tetrahydrocanabinol  and 11-nor-terahydrocanabinol carboxyacide detected in urine.
ASYMPTOMATIC HYPERURICEMIA AS A POTENTIAL METABOLIC RISK FACTOR FOR CORONARY ARTERY CALCIFICATION IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION OR HEART FAILURE
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, Molecular medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria, Pasheva Milena , Yotov Yoto ,   First Department of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria., Nikolova Miglena ,   Department of Biochemistry, Molecular medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria, Gerova Daniela ,   Department of General Medicine and Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria., Angelov Atanas ,   First Department of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria., Galunska Bistra ,   Department of Biochemistry, Molecular medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To assess the role of asymptomatic hyperuricemia for the presence and severity of coronary arterial calcium (CAC) in adults with different cardiovascular (CV) pathology and its association with conventional CV risk factors. Material/Methods: Adults (n=81) of both genders were divided into controls: with moderate- to high risk without known CVD; AF-group: CVD-patients with paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation in sinus rhythm, HF–group: heart failure subjects with preserved ejection fraction. A structured interview was performed at admittance for evaluation of the classical CVD risk factors. CAC score (CACS) was determined by multislice computed tomography. Routine laboratory parameters, including uric acid (UA), were extracted from medical documentation. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U-test, one-way ANOVA, chi-square test, Spearman's correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis were applied. The predictive power of serum UA was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Statistical significance was considered at p<0.05. Results: Serum UA was significantly higher in subjects with CACS=1-99AU (p=0.030), and with CACS≥100AU (p=0.067) vs. patients without CACS. Within the UA tertiles, highest CACS was found in the tertile with highest serum UA. UA revealed positive relation with CACS (r=0.35, p=0.002), age (r=0.25, p=0.027), body mass index (0.27, p=0.017), waist circumference (r=0.44, p<0.0001), triglycerides (r=0.29, p=0.001), and creatinine (r=0.54, p<0.0001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed significant association between UA as dependent variable and waist circumference (β=0.63, p=0.061), serum triglycerides (β=0.37, p=0.028), creatinine levels (β=0.45, p<0.0001). Conclusions: Asymptomatic hyperuricaemia could be an important metabolic factor negatively affecting the chronic cardio-vascular pathology besides the conventional risk factors.
Silvopastoral Systems Contribute to Water Buffalo Welfare and Normal Behavior Pattern Under Eastern Amazon Conditions
Authors: Dos Santos Núbia De Fátima Alves , Da Silva Jamile Andréa Rodrigues , De Araújo Airton Alencar , Viana Rinaldo Batista , Garcia Alexandre Rossetto , Bezerra Andréia Santana , Nahúm Benjamim De Souza , Lourenço Júnior José De Brito
Published: March 2021

This research aimed to study the behavior of female Murrah buffaloes in a silvopastoral system. The trial was carried out at Embrapa Eastern Amazon, under Afi climate according to the Köppen classification, between August and November 2009, during the less rainy season. Three different periods of the day were considered during activity evaluation: morning period – between 6:00 AM and 9:55 AM; intermediary period – between 10:00 AM and 1:55 PM; and afternoon period – between 2:00 PM and 5:55 PM. The animals were maintained in a silvopastoral system (SPS) (ST; n=10) with shade from Racosperma mangium. The meteorological variables of temperature and relative air humidity were measured, as well as the following animal behavior variables: time grazing, ruminating and idling, time standing and lying, and time in shaded and non-shaded areas. These variables were compared by T test (P<0.05). Air temperatures were higher in the non-shaded area of the SPS. All activities were reduced in the intermediary period, except idling. The grazing and rumination times in the morning were longer in non-shaded areas, while the time idling standing was longer during the intermediary period in shaded areas as a way of avoiding the harmful effects of the intense solar radiation and high air temperatures of the Amazonian humid climate. Hence, SPSs may contribute to animal welfare and increase their productive behavior.
The Influence of Presentation Format on Responses of Male Sex Offenders to Digital Paintings that illustrate the Consequences Sexual Crimes
Authors: Adhiambo Oguda Benta G. , Vikiru George , Wasanga Christine
Published: March 2021

Although art viewing experiences occur in varied contexts, responses of audience may be profoundly affected by the presentation format. In this paper, focus is drawn upon participation in a digital paintings exhibition and visual representation in assessing the responses of male sex offenders to digital paintings that illustrate the consequences of sexual crimes. The relationship between arts and technology is an emerging area of interest in modern research. In addition to the traditional gallery displays, digital technologies have provided new ways of audience participation in arts, enabling more involvement in the way art is consumed. The authors sought to determine the effect of viewing screen projected images in Rapid Serial Visual Presentation and in a gallery display. The study applied brief repeated exposures as described in Mere Exposure research. The study utilized temporary exhibition displays and projection by Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) where the respondents were passive participants, simply viewing the artwork. The participants were drawn from male sexual offenders aged 18-45 years at Nairobi West Prison, a male offenders’ facility in Nairobi City County. Stratified random sampling was used to select 61 male offenders convicted for defilement and rape. Respondents were randomly assigned to two experimental conditions involving viewing in projection by RSVP and gallery display. A five-point Likert scale was used to measure the participants’ responses to digital paintings illustrating consequences of sexual crimes. A Multivariate Analysis was used to assess ratings of the digital paintings against the various components of art. Findings show that painting style, colour schemes, themes and exposure frequency significantly influenced the participants’ responses to the digital paintings. The study recommends use of comparative analysis to determine how exposure to digital paintings impacts differently on other types of audiences.
Plus a Life Sentence? Incarceration’s Effects on Expected Lifetime Wage Growth
Authors: Corwin III Theodore S. , Johnson Daniel K.N.
Published: March 2021

The United States incarcerates citizens at rates higher than those of any other developed nation, with impacts on not only government budgets but economic growth rates. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth for 1997, we model the effects of incarceration on wage growth rates using inverse probability weighted regression adjusted (IPWRA) propensity score matching to recognize the selection bias among the members of the sample who serve prison terms. Results show that incarceration reduces average lifetime income growth by one-third even for a relatively short earning period, with that depth depending on length of sentence, employment history, and education level in some surprising ways.
Stirring up lessons for food activists [Book review]
Authors: Kluson Robert
Published: March 2021

The book Stirrings examines the anti-hunger efforts of the food movement in the latter part of the 20th century for lessons in their suc­cesses and failures, as well as relevance to the modern food movement in America. Its six chap­ters examine four food nonprofits’ responses to hunger and its causes in urban New York City (NYC). The diversity of these case studies allowed for multidimensional analyses and insights of how groups of people can work to challenge policy pri­ori­ties and change social values that cause hunger. The context of the case studies is established in the introduction by recounting the history and politics of the awareness of hunger and poverty in Amer­ica, the “land of plenty and wealth” during the 1960s, and the subsequent federal government anti-hunger and welfare programs (e.g., War on Poverty and food stamps programs). This context also includes the drastic reductions of these pro­grams, first by the austerity budget measures of the mid-1970s and then by the rise of neoliberal gov­ernment policies starting in the 1980s. This infor­mation is intended to inform the reader of the raison d’etre for the rise and diversity of food activism movement described in this book. . . .
The expression of contrast in Catalan Sign Language (LSC)
Authors: Navarrete-González Alexandra
Published: March 2021

In this paper I aim at providing fresh evidence from Catalan Sign Language (LSC) to support semantic-pragmatic theories that treat contrast as a separate category in IS. Following Umbach (2004) and Repp (2016), and inspired by Kimmelmann (2014), I provide a classification of contrast types in LSC, and I analyse the correlation of different combinations of prosodic markers and the pragmatic interpretations they encode.
Nivel de conocimiento sobre COVID-19 en estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo. Ecuador
Authors: Tenelanda López Dennys , Guerrero De La Torre Dayana , Moscoso Gaibor Paola , Albán Hurtado Carlos
Published: March 2021

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo comparar el nivel de conocimiento sobre el COVID-19 entre estudiantes de la carrera de odontología y de otras carreras de la Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo no afines a las Ciencias de la Salud. Se realizó una investigación descriptiva de corte transversal con un enfoque mixto. De los 600 estudiantes seleccionados, se establecieron dos grupos que cumplieron con los criterios de selección; el primero estuvo formado por 300 estudiantes de la Carrera de Odontología y el segundo grupo lo conformaron 300 estudiantes pertenecientes a varias carreras universitarias ajenas a las ciencias de la salud. Las técnicas de investigación utilizadas fueron la encuesta y el test con el cuestionario como instrumento. Se demostró que existen diferencias entre los grupos estudiados en esta investigación (p= 0.000) con relación a las calificaciones obtenidas, al igual que se determinó una correlación positiva escasa entre el nivel de conocimiento y el semestre de formación (p= 0,012). Se concluyó que la diferencia porcentual es mínima en el nivel de conocimiento sobre COVID-19 entre los dos grupos estudiados, sin embargo, se evidenció una diferencia significativa desde el punto de vista estadístico.
La responsabilidad como un valor en la formación del médico cubano
Authors: Del Cerro Campano Yanett , Cruz Cabezas Miguel Alejandro , Alonso Betancourt Luis Aníbal , Zúñiga Igarza Libys Martha
Published: March 2021

El proceso de formación de los estudiantes ha adquirido una gran importancia en las universidades cubanas. Es un proceso continuo que se dirige a alcanzar niveles superiores en la formación del profesional, para obtener egresados universitarios cada vez más competentes, comprometidos con su país y el desarrollo, en correspondencia con las necesidades de cada localidad como la enseñanza de la medicina. En esta profesión es básico la construcción de valores como la responsabilidad. La naturaleza humanista que sugiere el ejercicio de la medicina requiere de hombres y mujeres que estén plenamente identificados con los problemas de salud que se dan en su comunidad, país y el mundo y estén en completa disposición de brindar sus servicios y conocimientos científicos cuando y en las condiciones que se le soliciten. Tal reto solo lo pueden asumir y cumplir personas portadoras de cualidades morales relevantes. La formación de los valores morales en general y en particular la responsabilidad, no puede ser obra de la espontaneidad, se requiere entonces para la consecución de tal empeño, insertar al estudiante que cursa la carrera de medicina en un contexto educativo que se caracterice por su excelencia académica, laboral e investigativa.
Het contact tussen gedetineerden en interne en externe re-integratieprofessionals in Nederlandse penitentiaire inrichtingen
Authors: Pasma Amanda , van Ginneken Esther , Bosma Anouk , Palmen Hanneke , Nieuwbeerta Paul
Published: March 2021

Contact between prisoners and prison-based and community-based professionals in Dutch penitentiary institutions

Prisoners often encounter multiple barriers when returning to society, resulting in higher risks of recidivism. To overcome these barriers, prison-based and community-based professionals assist with preparation for release. Prison-based professionals, such as the case manager and mentor, screen and monitor the problems regarding work and income, housing, healthcare, financial debts and valid identification. Community-based professionals, such as municipal officials, parole officers, healthcare professionals and volunteers, can provide additional and specialized help. First, this research discusses the current policy of the Dutch Custodial Institutions Agency (DJI) and the role of different types of professionals. Second, it presents a nationwide picture of the extent to which prisoners report contact with prison-based and community-based professionals, and to what degree prisoners appreciate this contact. The results are specified for various types of regimes and time served and are based on 4308 prisoner surveys of the Dutch Prison Visitation Study (DPVS), part of the Life in Custody Study (LIC-study). It turns out that most prisoners seem to be in close contact with prison-based professionals and that prisoners positively value this contact. However, contact with community-based professionals is limited and prisoners are somewhat dissatisfied about their contact with parole officers and municipal officials. Furthermore, the amount of contact differs across various types of regimes and time served. In particular, individuals who recently entered prison report less contact. To conclude, policy implications will be discussed.
Benefícios da aplicação da metodologia SMED para a redução de tempo de setup em células de manufatura de usinagem
Authors: Evangelista Gabriela Moraes de Souza , Arimitsu Laura Keiko , Lima André De , Correr Ivan
Published: March 2021

Atualmente as empresas necessitam se manterem competitivas no mercado, por isso é necessário que sejam implementados métodos para obtenção de melhorias do processo e redução de custos. No ambiente produtivo, um dos principais causadores do aumento de desperdícios é o setup, e uma das metodologias utilizadas é o SMED (Single Minute Exchange of Die), capaz de proporcionar a redução do tempo do setup. Neste contexto, o trabalho apresenta uma melhoria de redução do tempo de setup no processo de usinagem em uma empresa no ramo de autopeças, baseado nos conceitos da metodologia SMED visando o uso de técnicas de separação, redução do tempo de setup, padronização das atividades e melhorias do processo. A metodologia utilizada para o desenvolvimento do estudo foi baseada em uma pesquisa explicativa do tipo pesquisa-ação correlacionada ao uso do método DMAIC. Com as melhorias implementadas, obteve-se a redução do tempo de setup e aumento da disponibilidade.
A evolução dos núcleos de inovação tecnológica no Brasil no período de 2006 a 2016
Authors: Marques Jecicleide Luckwu , Cavalcanti André Marques , Da Silva Auristela Maria
Published: March 2021

A Inovação, por meio da disseminação do conhecimento e da transferência de tecnologia, destaca-se como elemento importante para o desenvolvimento de uma nação e de sua economia. A universidade tem um importante papel na formação de recursos humanos altamente qualificados para o trabalho com desenvolvimento tecnológico e inovação, cooperando para a formação de profissionais e para a melhoria da competitividade empresarial no desenvolvimento econômico da nação. A presente pesquisa discorre sobre a importância da relação Universidade-Empresa para a transferência de tecnologias, propondo analisar a evolução e atuação dos Núcleos de Inovação Tecnológica no período de 2006 a 2016 no Brasil, institucionalizados nas Universidades Federais e a sua importância para a transferência tecnológica no Brasil. Na pesquisa constatou-se o avanço no número de núcleos implantados, em sua capacidade de difusão e proteção da Propriedade Intelectual, mas pouca capacidade de interação Universidade-Empresa refletindo na baixa transferência das tecnologia para a sociedade.
Gestão ambiental e caracterização de resíduos sólidos de agroindústrias de palmito pupunha do estado do Paraná
Authors: Dos Santos Luciana Nunes , Bolanho Beatriz Cervejeira , Danesi Eliane Dalva Godoy
Published: March 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a gestão ambiental em indústrias de palmito pupunha do estado do Paraná, bem como quantificar e caracterizar seus principais resíduos. Realizou-se o levantamento de dados por meio de um questionário sobre a produção e a geração de resíduos e caracterizaram-se os principais componentes dos subprodutos. Verificou-se que são fabricados de 400 a 66.150 kg mês-1 de derivados da pupunha, sendo que a cada 1 kg de produto são consumidos de 5,19 a 14,29 L de água e gerados de 0,86 a 8,33 L de efluente e de 4,29 a 5,72 kg de resíduos sólidos. Estes são compostos por bainhas, porção caulinar e aérea, contém altos teores de fibras (45,53 a 61,12 g.100 g-1) e são destinados ao meio ambiente, adubo e alimentação animal. Ampliar as práticas de produção mais limpa e o aproveitamento dos resíduos gerados são pontos importantes para garantir a sustentabilidade do setor.
Sustentabilidade ambiental em comunidades de pescadores inseridas em destino turístico: o caso da Ilha Mem de Sá – Brasil
Authors: Faxina Fabiana , Freitas Lara Brunelle Almeida , Trevizan Salvador Dal Pozzo
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Analisar a sustentabilidade ambiental da comunidade Ilha Mem de Sá, Sergipe, Brasil, com base em indicadores de sustentabilidade nas dimensões social, econômica e natural.Metodologia: Teve como base o modelo de avaliação de sustentabilidade de comunidades de pescadores inseridas em destinos turísticos, elaborado por Faxina (2014). O questionário foi adotado como instrumento de coleta de dados e foram entrevistados 64 representantes das 75 famílias da comunidade.Originalidade/Relevância: O trabalho apresenta uma ferramenta de avaliação de sustentabilidade ambiental para comunidades, o que reduz a escala de análise e permite conhecer as necessidades específicas de pequenos grupos populacionais.Resultados: A comunidade atingiu nível médio de sustentabilidade ambiental, e os dados revelam carência nos meios de acesso às informações, no transporte público e na organização comunitária; baixa diversidade de oferta de trabalho; carência de capacitação profissional; fragilidades na coleta e destinação de resíduos, e distribuição desigual de água e energia.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: Constatou-se a importância dos modelos de avaliação de sustentabilidade em pequena escala, que podem ser ferramentas úteis de monitoramento do processo de desenvolvimento, especialmente nos casos onde há uma nova atividade produtiva em curso, que tem potencial de causar impactos ambientais negativos desconhecidos pela comunidade.Contribuições sociais/para a gestão: A avaliação da sustentabilidade ambiental em tela pode ser utilizada como uma ferramenta de planejamento e gestão em distintas instâncias de governança, especialmente pelas lideranças comunitárias, estimulando o empoderamento e a participação local, princípios sustentados pelo Turismo de Base Comunitária.
Impact of lung function on treatment outcome in patients with TB
Authors: Chesov D. , Butov D. , Reimann M. , Heyckendorf J. , Myasoedov V. , Butov T. , Akymenko O. , Lange C.
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: The potential association between the lung function status at baseline and TB treatment outcome has not been evaluated previously. We aimed to investigate the impact of lung function status at the time of TB diagnosis on treatment outcome in patients with pulmonary
TB (PTB).METHODS: A retrospective cohort study on data from all consecutive patients with culture-confirmed PTB and available spirometry test results admitted during the year 2016 to the Regional anti-TB dispensary no.1 in Kharkiv, Ukraine.RESULTS: A total of 278 patients
with PTB were included into the study. The rate of negative treatment outcome (failure or death) was higher in patients with restrictive and mixed lung dysfunction than in those with normal spirometry results (25.6% vs. 6.8%, P = 0.0007; 37.5% vs. 6.8%, P = 0.003, respectively).
In a logistic regression model, restrictive lung disease and mixed-type lung disease were associated with negative treatment outcome (OR 4.19, 95% CI 1.60–13.28, P = 0.007 and OR 5.46, 95% CI 1.28–24.44, P = 0.02, respectively).CONCLUSIONS: Lung function
at the time of diagnosis has an important impact on treatment outcomes in patients with PTB; the more severe the restriction in lung function the higher the likelihood of a negative treatment outcome.
ADHD la adult. Interferente cu tulburarile de personalitate
Authors: Aelenei Laura
Published: March 2021

Lucrarea de fata se refera la tulburarea cu deficit de atentie/ hiperactivitate la adult (ADHD) abordand relatia dintre aceasta si tulburarile de personalitate. ADHD, considerata pana in ultimii ani o afectiune a copilariei, dupa noua clasificare a bolilor psihice -DSM-5, este intalnita mult mai frecvent la adult. Problematica discutata este cercetata pe larg in literatura de specialitate in ultima perioada, fiind un subiect de interes, tinand cont de faptul ca daca la multe grupe diagnostice DSM-5 a pastrat viziunea anterioara, la tulburarea ADHD modificarile au dus la unele diferente notabile. Este evident acum ca simptomatologia ADHD este vazuta ca o componenta relativ constanta de-a lungul vietii individului, cu eventuale atenuari odata cu varsta, dar cu persistenta unei proportii de manifestari la adult, care puteau fi pana acum neobservate. Aceasta viziune se apropie foarte mult de descrierile clasice ale personalitatii, de aici si posibilitatea unei comparatii intre cele doua patologii. Noua perspectiva din ICD 11 urmeaza si ea tendinta DSM-5 in ceea ce priveste ADHD la adult. Astfel, se evidentiaza mult mai clar posibilitatea diagnosticarii acestei patologii la populatia adulta si necesitatea atentiei sporite vizavi de identificarea trasaturilor specifice acestei patologii.
Grundlagen der Kinobeschallung
Authors: Peter Carsten
Published: March 2021

Erstmals widmet sich ein Buch dem Thema „Beschallung im Kino“. Der Autor erläutert komplexe Zusammenhänge gut verständlich und mit vielen Abbildungen die Schritte zur optimalen Beschallung im Kinosaal. Es geht auf alle relevanten Aspekte wie Raumakustik, Lautsprecher, Verstärker, Tonformate sowie die dafür notwendigen Grundlagen ein. Es ist DIE Pflichtlektüre für alle, die sich beruflich oder privat für ‚guten Ton im Kino‘ interessieren.
Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in the Detrimental Brain Function
Authors: Gonzalez-Candia Alejandro , K. Rogers Nicole , L. Castillo Rodrigo
Published: March 2021

The blood circulation interface and the neural tissue feature unique characteristics encompassed by the term blood -brain barrier (BBB). The barrier’s primary functions are maintenance of brain homeostasis, selective transport, and protection, all of them determined by its specialized multicellular structure. The BBB primarily exists at the level of the brain microvascular endothelium; however, endothelial cells are not intrinsically capable of forming a barrier. Indeed, the development of barrier characteristics in cerebral endothelial cells requires coordinated cell–cell interactions and signaling from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, microglia), pericytes, neurons, and extracellular matrix. Such an intricate relationship implies the existence of a neurovascular unit (NVU). The NVU concept emphasizes that the dynamic BBB response to stressors requires coordinated interactions between various central nervous system (CNS) cell types and structures. Every cell type makes an indispensable contribution to the BBBs integrity, and any cell’s failure or dysfunction might result in the barrier breakdown, with dramatic consequences, such as neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. This chapter will focus on the structure and function of the BBB and discuss how BBB breakdown causes detrimental brain function.
Neurological Complications in COVID-19: Implications on International Health Security and Possible Interventions of Phytochemicals
Authors: Olaleye Oladele Johnson , Titilope Oladele Oluwaseun , M. Oyeleke Oyedotun , T. Oladiji Adenike
Published: March 2021

Global health security or international health security (IHS) includes any natural or man-made phenomenon that challenged human health and well-being including emerging infectious diseases such as the current global pandemic: COVID-19. Since the sudden outburst of COVID-19 pandemic in 2019, many COVID-19 patients have exhibited neurological symptoms and signs. Till now, there is no known effective established drug against the highly contagious COVID-19 infection despite the frightening associated mortality rate. This chapter aims to present the mechanism of action of coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the clinical neurological manifestations displayed by COVID-19 patients, impact on the global health system and present phytochemicals with neuroprotective ability that can offer beneficial effects against COVID-19 mediated neuropathology. Reports from COVID-19 clinical studies, case reports, and other related literature were evaluated. Neurological complications of COVID-19 include anosmia, acute cerebrovascular disease, acute disseminated post-infectious encephalomyelitis, encephalitis, etc. Also, SARS-CoV-2 соuld be a neurotropic vіruѕ due to its iѕоlаtіоn from сеrеbrоѕріnаl fluіd. Multірlе nеurоlоgісаl dаmаgе displayed by COVID-19 patients might be due to hyperinflammation associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections. Kolaviron, resveratrol, vernodalin, vernodalol, and apigenin are natural phytochemicals with proven anti-inflammatory and therapeutic properties that could extenuate the adverse effects of COVID-19. The phytochemicals have been documented to suppress JNK and MAPK pathways which are essential in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. They also showed significant inhibitory activities against SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Taken together, these phytochemicals may offer neuroprotective benefits against COVID-19 mediated neuropathology and suppress the burden of the pandemic on IHS.
Experimental Serotonin Syndrome: Effects of GABA-ergic Medications and 5-HT2-Antagonists
Authors: Nikolov Rumen , Koleva Kalina
Published: March 2021

Serotonin syndrome (SS) is a potentially life-threatening adverse drug effect that occurs after an overdose or combined administration of two or more drugs that increase the serotonin levels. In humans, SS is represented by a triad of symptoms including mental status changes, neuromuscular hyperactivity and autonomic dysfunction. The manifestations of the syndrome observed in rodents resemble the symptoms of SS in humans. Theoretically, SS can occur as a result of stimulation of any of the seven families of the serotonin receptors. However, most data support the involvement of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors. A number of studies indicate the effectiveness of 5-HT2 antagonists and GABA-ergic agents in the treatment of the hyperthermia and other symptoms of SS in rats. Therefore, animal models of SS may help to further elucidate the mechanism of its development and the possibilities for its treatment.
Ionic Liquids as High-Performance Lubricants and Lubricant Additives
Authors: Guo Hong , Iglesias Victoria Patricia
Published: March 2021

Taking into account the environmental awareness and ever-growing restrictive regulations over contamination, the study of new lubricants or lubricant additives with high performance and low toxicity over the traditional lubes to reduce the negative impact on the environment is needed. In this chapter, the current literature on the use of ionic liquids, particularly protic ionic liquids, as high-performance lubricants and lubricant additives to different types of base lubricants are reviewed and described. The relation between ionic liquids structures and their physicochemical properties, such as viscosity, thermal stability, corrosion behavior, biodegradability, and toxicity, is elaborated. Friction reduction and wear protection mechanisms of the ionic liquids are discussed with relation to their molecular structures and physicochemical properties.
Promotion of Nitrogen Assimilation by Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria
Authors: Monteiro Gabriel , Nogueira Glauco , Neto Cândido , Nascimento Vitor , Freitas Joze
Published: March 2021

Nitrogen fertilizers are one of the highest expenses in agricultural systems and usually a limitation to the productions of many agricultural crops worldwide. The intensive use of this element in modern agriculture represents a potential environmental threat, one of the many tools for the sustainable use of this resource without losing productivity is the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, especially nitrogen-fixing bacteria. However, in considering the competitiveness of the market, studies are still needed to determine the most efficient way to use this resource and if the nitrogen mineral fertilization is indeed substitutable. As a result, this study aims to deepen the scientific knowledge of the plant-microbe interactions by addressing their main characteristics and functionalities for plant growth and development and efficiency in the use of nitrogen. For this we reviewed relevant information from scientific works that address these issues.
Managing a Transboundary Pest: The Fall Armyworm on Maize in Africa
Authors: Hilary Otim Michael , Kouma Mokpokpo Fiaboe Komi , Akello Juliet , Mudde Barnabas , Tekkara Obonyom Allan , Yaovi Bruce Anani , Aool Opio Winnifred , Chinwada Peter , Hailu Girma , Paparu Pamela
Published: March 2021

The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) invaded Africa in 2016, and has since spread to all countries in sub-Saharan Africa, causing devastating effects on mainly maize and sorghum. The rapid spread of this pest is aided by its high reproductive rate, high migration ability, wide host range and adaptability to different environments, among others. Since its introduction, many governments purchased and distributed pesticides for emergency control, with minimal regard to their efficacy. In this chapter, we review efforts towards managing this pest, highlight key challenges, and provide our thoughts on considerations for sustainable management of the pest.
Vasculoprotective and Neuroprotective Effects of Various Parts of Pomegranate: In Vitro, In Vivo, and Preclinical Studies
Authors: Trapali Maria , Lagouri Vasiliki
Published: March 2021

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is one of the oldest edible fruits in the Mediterranean area and has been used extensively in the folk medicine. Popularity of pomegranate has increased especially in the last decade because of the health effects of the fruit. Polyphenols, represent the predominant class of phytochemicals of pomegranate, mainly consisting of hydrolysable tannins and ellagic acid. Pomegranate is a rich source of the ellagitannin punicalagin, which has aroused considerable interest in pomegranate fruit as a new therapeutic agent in recent years. Most studies on the effects of pomegranate juice have focused on its ability to cure diabetes and atherosclerosis. The present review summarizes some recent studies on the vasculoprotective and neuroprotective effect of various parts of pomegranate and its main compounds especially hydrolysable tannins ellagitannins, ellagic acid and their metabolites. The in vitro and in vivo studies, showed that the whole parts of pomegranate as well as its main components had a positive influence on blood glucose, lipid levels, oxidation stress and neuro/inflammatory biomarkers. They could be used as a future therapeutic agent towards several vascular and neurodegenerative disorders such as hypertension, coronary heart disease and Alzheimer.