bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nursing Care For Patients With Stroke Victims: An Integrative Review
Authors: Silva Neves Lorena Caroline Da , Da Silva Milena Pereira , Dos Santos Samuel Etor Aragão Pereira , Leal Cássia Ellen Dos Santos Avelino , Dourado Irene Suellen Araújo , Lima Maria Carolina Gomes , Rocha Félix Maria Vitória , Esteves Mariany Sousa , Do Nascimento Nayla Marielly Lopes , Da Silva Maria Nauside Pessoa
Published: October 2024

The study aims to analyze the nursing care offered to patients who have suffered a stroke; identify the main risk factors and forms of prevention; describe the main conducts adopted by the nursing team to patients suffering from a stroke. As a method, it is characterized as an integrative literature review study. The search was carried out during the months of July and August 2024, in the databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval Online System (Medline), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences ( Lilacs ), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Nursing Database (BDENF), National Library of Medicine (NLM/ PubMed ) and ScienceDirect . Using the combination of descriptors contained in the Health Sciences Descriptors ( DeCS ), the following descriptors were used in English, Portuguese and Spanish: “Stroke Vascular Accident” AND “Nursing Care” AND “Cerebrovascular Accident” in conjunction with the Boolean operator OR. Ten articles were selected. As a result, three categories were highlighted according to thematic similarity: Stroke (CVA) and risk factors; nursing care offered to patients who are victims of Stroke and the conduct adopted by the nursing team in the care of patients with Stroke. Finally, it is of great relevance to highlight the assistance to patients affected by Stroke, thus emphasizing that the nursing area is composed of professionals dedicated to offering assistance and care that aim at both the prevention of the disease, treatment, cure, and the rehabilitation of patients, providing quality assistance, applying conducts based on scientific knowledge
A Study To Assess The Level Of Anxiety, Coping Strategies And Financial Burden Among The Spouses Of Alcoholics Attending De-Addiction Centre At Selected Hospital In Kolkata, West Bengal
Authors: Jana Monalisa , Samanta Mala , Bala Kakali
Published: October 2024

Background: Alcoholism is one of the significant problems in India. It is a chronic progressive and often fatal disease but it has not a symptom like other diseases or emotional problems. Prolonged heavy use of alcohol is the cause of addiction. For this addiction higher anxiety level, depression, low self-esteem and communication apprehension have been reported in spouses of alcoholics and attributed to intense, stress and traumas experiences. [1] The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates (9th May 2022) that there are about Worldwide, 3 million deaths every year result from harmful use of alcohol. This represents 5.3% of all deaths. The excessive use of alcohol is one of the main causes of more than 200 disease and injury conditions. Overall, 5.1% of the global burden of disease and injury is attributable to alcohol, as measured in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). A cause of death and disability relatively early in life is alcohol consumption. In people aged 20–39 years, approximately 13.5% of total deaths are attributable to alcohol. [9] Materials and Methods: A descriptive survey research design was adopted in this study. Non-probability Convenience sampling technique was used to select 100 spouses of alcoholics attending de-addiction centre of R. G. Kar M. C. H. Kolkata and de-addiction centre of N. R. S. M. C. H., Kolkata. Result: The findings revealed that majority of the subject 70% experiencing moderate level of anxiety, majority of the subject 76% adapted moderate coping strategies and majority of the subject 87% experiencing moderate financial burden. There was no relation between the level of anxiety and coping strategies among the spouses of alcoholics. There was a statistical significant association between anxiety with the selected socio demographic variables as educational qualification (χ2= 4.842 df =1, p>0.05), duration of marriage (χ2=4.762, df=1, p>0.05). Conclusion: Alcoholism had the negative effects towards the individual, family and also the nations. Lower education, loss of job, unemployment, unsocial behaves were also the effect of alcoholism. Awareness about the adverse effect of alcohol can prevent the alcoholism, thus reduce the level of anxiety of the spouses
Impact Of Inhalational Anesthetics On Respiratory System
Authors: Bhat Amir Rasool , Popli Dr. Viney , Shabir Qurat Ul Ain
Published: October 2024

Inhalational anaesthetics, commonly used in general anaesthesia, profoundly impact respiratory function and lung mechanics. These agents depress the central nervous system, including the respiratory centres in the brainstem, leading to reduced breathing rate and depth. This suppression results in diminished tidal volume, reduced inspiratory and expiratory reserve volumes, and potentially decreased functional residual capacity. The central nervous system depression also weakens airway reflexes such as coughing, gagging, and swallowing, increasing the risk of airway obstruction and aspiration. Additionally, inhalational anaesthetics can impair gas exchange, causing lower oxygen levels (hypoxemia) and elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia). Respiratory complications during surgery may include hypoxia, bronchospasm, and impaired ventilation, especially in patients with pre-existing respiratory conditions. To manage these risks, continuous monitoring of respiratory parameters, preoperative assessment, and effective airway management are crucial. This paper reviews the effects of inhalational anaesthetics on respiratory function and outlines strategies for minimising associated risks during surgical procedures
A Phenomenological Study To Assess The Lived Experience Of Health Related Quality Of Life Of Diabetic Patient In Selected Hospitals Of Pune City
Authors: Patidar Vivek , Sethi Mr.Deepak , Ramesh Dr.Sharadha
Published: October 2024

Diabetes is the top health emergencies from the 21st century. Every year more people live with diabetes that could be a result of sedentary life and health related complication. First world health organization’s global report in (2016) about diabetes shows that the numbers of peoples with diabetes, almost from the year 1980 to 2014, has quadrupled. The number of peoples with diabetes has been increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014.The study aims to assess the Health related quality of life of diabetic patients. Phenomenological research designwas used with Purposive sampling technique to select the participants. Sample size was 10 as determined by data saturation technique using a semi-structured questionnaire technique was adapted to collected data using colaizzi approach. The study finding revealed that in Baseline data 30% of the diabetic patients had age 25-35 years and 70% of them had age 35-45 years.50% of them were females and 50% of them were male.50% of them had higher secondary, 40% of them were illiterate and 10% of them had secondary education.90% of them were married and 10% of them were unmarried and 30% of them had 5-10 years of working experience.10% of them were non-vegetarians and 90% of them were vegetarians.All of them had family history of diabetes.40% of their fathers having diabetes and 60 of their mothers had diabetes mellitus. And common themes were found like confusion, giddiness, restlessness and uncomfortable, effect of the medications as Anger, Anxiety, Frustration, Headache, Irritation, Nausea, Stress and Vomiting, 'Confusion about the dose', 'Difficult to manage', 'Difficult to remember dose', 'Easy to manage' and 'Forget amount and dose of medication'.Joint pain, Tenderness, Tiredness Uncomfortable and Weakness
The Effectiveness Of Bowel And Bladder Care Program OnKnowledge And Practice Among Care Givers Of Patients WithSpinalCordInjuryInSelected Hospitals,Kolkata,WestBengal
Authors: Gogoi Sakshi
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts physical, psychological, and social well-being,impacting bladder and bowel functions. Effective management through education and routinecare is crucial for improving quality of life and reducing complications. Methodology: Thestudy aimed to assess the effectiveness of a bowel and bladder care program for caregivers ofspinal cord injury (SCI) patients, utilizing a one-group pre-test-post-test design. Conducted fromFebruary to March 2021 at National Institute for Locomotor Disabilities (Divyangjan), R.G. KarMedical College and Hospital, and S.S.K.M. Medical College and Hospital (IPGME&R) inKolkata, it involved 40 caregivers selected via non-probability convenience sampling. Objectivesincluded developing and validating the program, evaluating caregivers' knowledge and practicesbefore and after its implementation, and examining the program's impact by comparing pretestand posttest scores. Tools used were an interview schedule, structured knowledge questionnaire,andobservationchecklists,withthequestionnaire'sreliabilityconfirmedat0.84. Result:Initially, 70% of caregivers scored below the median on knowledge, but post-test results showeda dramatic shift, with 90% scoring above the median. The mean post-test knowledge scoreincreased from 7.7 to 15.3, with a statistically significant difference (t(39) = 18.22, p < 0.05).Similarly, practice scores improved markedly, with 95% scoring at or below the median pre-testand 87.5% scoring above the median post-test.The mean practice score rose from 15.07 to31.32, also with significant statistical support (t(39) = 15.61, p < 0.05). Conclusion: The resultsunderscore the effectiveness of the bowel and bladder care program in enhancing caregivers'knowledge and practices, particularly in bowel care, thereby affirming the program’s impact inimprovingthe careprovided to SCIpatients
“A Study To Assess The Effectiveness Of Planned Teaching Programme On Knowledge Regarding Blood Donation Among Late Adolescent Students (18-20years) At Tagore College Of Arts And Science, Chrompet, Chennai”
Authors: Vijayabarathi Mrs.
Published: October 2024

Age group between 10 to 20 years is considered as a period of transition from childhood to adulthood. They are no longer children yet not adults. It is characterized by rapid physical growth, emotional and psychological changes. Donation of blood is a behavioural phenomenon and is always considered a humanitarian act. Our body has approximately. 5.5 litre of blood of which only 350 ml - 450 ml of blood is taken depending upon weight of donor. The withdrawn blood volume is restored within 24 hours and the haemoglobin and cell components are restored in 2 months. Therefore, it is perfectly safe to donate blood every three months. Evaluative research approach and one group pre-test and post-test design was used. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample for the study. The total number of study sample consisted of 30 late adolescent students. The pre-test knowledge mean score is 8.87 and post-test knowledge mean score is 18.47. The ‘t’ value is 27.03 statistically significant at P≤0.001. This indicates that the mean difference of 10. It is hypothesized that there is significant in effectiveness of planned teaching programme among late adolescent students (18-20years) regarding blood donation. So the researcher accepted the research hypothesis and it is evident that the planned teaching programme significantly effective in improving the knowledge among late adolescent students (18-20years) regarding blood donation
Title
Authors: Ramani R.
Published: October 2024

During the fourteenth century, the bubonic plague or Black Death killed more than one third of Europe or 25 million people. Those afflicted died quickly and horribly from an unseen menace, spiking high fevers with suppurative buboes (swellings). Its causative agent is Yersinia pestis, creating recurrent plague cycles from the Bronze Age into modern-day California and Mongolia. Plague remains endemic in Madagascar, Congo, and Peru. This history of medicine review highlights plague events across the centuries. Transmission is by fleas carried on rats, although new theories include via human body lice and infected grain. We discuss symptomatology and treatment options. Pneumonic plague can be weaponized for bioterrorism, highlighting the importance of understanding its clinical syndromes. Carriers of recessive familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) mutations have natural immunity against Y. pestis. During the Black Death, Jews were blamed for the bubonic plague, perhaps because Jews carried FMF mutations and died at lower plague rates than Christians. Blaming minorities for epidemics echoes across history into our current coronavirus pandemic and provides insightful lessons for managing and improving its outcomes
“A Study To Assess The Effectiveness Of Planned Teaching Programme On Ovarian Germ Cell Tumor Among Adolescent Girls In A Selected College At Udaipur.”
Authors: Banoo Ms. Rahina , Sharma Mrs. Geetanjali
Published: October 2024

Background Of The Study Adolescence is a transitional stage of physical and mental development generally occurring between puberty and legal adulthood, but largely characterized as beginning and ending with the teenage stage. Reaching girls during adolescence is critical decisions made and behaviors established during this period affect their horizons later in life. Many serious diseases in adulthood have their roots in adolescence. Germ cell tumors include a diverse group of tumors that arise from primitive germinal cells in either the gonads (ovaries, testicles).Germ cell tumors can occur almost anywhere in the body and can be either benign or malignant. Ovarian germ cell tumors are abnormal mass of tissue that forms in germ (egg) cells in the ovary. These tumors usually occur in teenage girls or young women, usually affect just one ovary and can be benign. Ovarian germ cell tumors represent 15 to 20 % of all ovarian tumors. They are rapidly growing neoplasm that arises from primordial germ cells derived from the embryo gonad. Of all gynecological tumors, ovarian malignancies represent the greatest clinical challenge. Ovarian cancer is the second most common malignancy of the female reproductive system and one of the leading causes of death among gynaecologic malignancies. Ovarian cancer represents a major surgical challenge requiring intensive and often complex therapies. It has the highest fatality-to-case ratio of all the gynaecological malignancies. Proper education is absolutely necessary in order to improve the adolescents’ knowledge. Early detection of ovarian germ cell tumor is essential to decrease the chances of complications. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on ovarian germ cell tumor among adolescent girls in a selected college at Udaipur
Effectiveness Of Structured Teaching Program (STP) On Knowledge Regarding Sexual Abuse Among The Age Group Of 13-16 Years Girls In Selected School Of Bhopal
Authors: Sukka Akansha , David Dr. Venice Mairya
Published: October 2024

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Theory-Practice Integration In Health Education: Analysis Of Thiollent's Action Research Methodology
Authors: Maebara Clarice Martins Lima , Pigosso Maycon Robson , Feitosa Marielle Ribeiro , Teixeira Rodrigo Alexandre , Barbosa Edvan Thiago Barros , Fietz Vivian Rahmeier , Fernandes Bruno César , Dan Cristiane De Sá , Araújo Annaiza Freitas Lopes De , Rodrigues Maria Iara De Sousa , Damer Ivanete , Melo Mota Michelle Katiuscia , Andrade Carolina Calixto De Souza
Published: October 2024

Action research was initially developed by Kurt Lewin during World War II and was consolidated in the Social Sciences as a methodology aimed at promoting changes in the contexts studied. Its participatory character allows the integration between theory and practice, valuing the collaboration between researchers and participants to solve problems and generate new knowledge. In Brazil, it was popularized by Michel Thiollent, standing out for uniting social transformation with critical reflection. Currently, action research is applied in several areas, especially in education and organizational contexts. In this context, the main objective of the present study is to analyze, according to the scientific production, how Thiollent's Action Research methodology promotes the integration between theory and practice in the process of training and professional education in health, aiming at improvements in care and educational practices. The present research sought to answer the following question: How can the application of Action Research, according to Thiollent's model, contribute to the formation and development of collaborative and reflective practices in professional health education? To investigate this issue, we analyzed articles indexed in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS) and Nursing Database (BDENF) databases, focusing on publications from the last 10 years that were available in full and free of charge. The search was carried out using the following keywords: "Professional education" OR "Continuing Education" OR "Health Professional" OR "Nursing" OR "Primary health care" AND "action research" and their equivalents in Portuguese. The selection of studies followed inclusion criteria that favored relevance and alignment with the theme of action research in the context of professional health education. Thiollent's Action Research, applied to professional training in health, promotes the integration between theory and practice, developing critical and reflective skills through collaborative solutions and valuing the role of professionals and users in the continuous improvement of educational and care practices
O Fenômeno Do Envelhecimento: Uma Contextualização Brasil, Bahia E Barreiras
Authors: Souza Marileide Carvalho De , Osório Neila Barbosa , Gomes Glauce Gonçalves Da Silva , Sera Eduardo Aoki Ribeiro , Moura Anice De Souza , Maia Giselle Carmo , Noleto Lêda Santana De Oliveira , Da Silva Bianca Jenifer De Sá , Brito Mylena Pereira De , Oliveira Rhana Laiane Pimentel De
Published: October 2024

Resumo: A partir de dados demográficos e estatísticas recentes, o texto destaca o aumento da expectativa de vida e o consequente fenômeno do envelhecimento populacional. O artigo discute a necessidade urgente de políticas públicas que garantam a qualidade de vida para os idosos, abordando o desenvolvimento histórico dessas políticas desde a Constituição Federal de 1988, passando pela criação do Estatuto do Idoso, até as mais recentes diretrizes globais da Década do Envelhecimento Saudável (2021-2030). Também é mencionada a importância da participação ativa dos idosos no planejamento dessas ações e o impacto da urbanização na ampliação desse fenômeno. Por fim, o trabalho sugere a criação de um polo da Universidade da Maturidade em Barreiras, visando à implementação de uma política pública focada na educação intergeracional e no atendimento diferenciado à população idosa da região
Long‐term trends in the total electron content
Authors: Lastovicka Jan , Urbar Jaroslav , Kozubek Michal
Published: August 2017

The total electron content (TEC) is important among others for Global Navigation Satellite Systems/GPS signal propagation and applications. However, there is only one comprehensive analysis of TEC trends, and the resulted trends are not consistent with trends in other ionospheric parameters. Here we use the TEC data of Lean et al. (2011) and the JPL35 homogeneous TEC data series derived by Emmert et al. (2017). This analysis results in three main conclusions: (1) Too positive TEC trends by Lean et al. (2011) are caused by data problems in 1995–2001, particularly by too low Center for Orbit Determination data. (2) TEC reveals a weak negative trend at the edge of reliability; no trend or trend break is also possible; longer data series than 1994–2015 is required. (3) About 99% of the total variance of yearly average global TEC values is explained by variability of solar activity.
Total Synthesis of Crocagin A
Authors: Bihelovic Filip , Stichnoth Desiree , Surup Frank , Müller Rolf , Trauner Dirk
Published: August 2017

Crocagin A (1) combines an attractive molecular structure with an unusual biosynthesis and bioactivity. An efficient synthesis of crocagin A is presented that hinges on an early formation of the heterotricyclic core, an electrophilic amination, and the stereoselective hydrogenation of a tetrasubstituted double bond. This synthesis confirms the absolute configuration of crocagin A and provides access to the natural product and derivatives thereof for further biological testing.
Acid‐Labile Acyclic Cucurbit[n]uril Molecular Containers for Controlled Release
Authors: Mao Dake , Liang Yajun , Liu Yamin , Zhou Xianhao , Ma Jiaqi , Jiang Biao , Liu Jia , Ma Da
Published: August 2017

Stimuli‐responsive molecular containers are of great importance for controlled drug delivery and other biomedical applications. A new type of acid labile acyclic cucurbit[n]uril (CB[n]) molecular containers is presented that can degrade and release the encapsulated cargo at accelerated rates under mildly acidic conditions (pH 5.5–6.5). These containers retain the excellent recognition properties of CB[n]‐type hosts. A cell culture study demonstrated that the cellular uptake of cargos could be fine‐tuned by complexation with different containers. The release and cell uptake of cargo dye was promoted by acidic pH.
Design and Synthesis of Terephthalic Acid‐Based Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors with Dual‐Stage Anti‐Plasmodium Activity
Authors: Stenzel Katharina , Chua Ming Jang , Duffy Sandra , Antonova‐Koch Yevgeniya , Meister Stephan , Hamacher Alexandra , Kassack Matthias U. , Winzeler Elizabeth , Avery Vicky M. , Kurz Thomas , Andrews Katherine T. , Hansen Finn K.
Published: August 2017

In this work we aimed to develop parasite‐selective histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDAC) inhibitors with activity against the disease‐causing asexual blood stages of Plasmodium as well as causal prophylactic and/or transmission blocking properties. We report the design, synthesis, and biological testing of a series of 13 terephthalic acid‐based HDAC inhibitors. All compounds showed low cytotoxicity against human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells (IC50: 8–>51 μm), with 11 also having sub‐micromolar in vitro activity against drug‐sensitive (3D7) and multidrug‐resistant (Dd2) asexual blood‐stage P. falciparum parasites (IC50≈0.1–0.5 μm). A subset of compounds were examined for activity against early‐ and late‐stage P. falciparum gametocytes and P. berghei exo‐erythrocytic‐stage parasites. While only moderate activity was observed against gametocytes (IC50>2 μm), the most active compound (N1‐((3,5‐dimethylbenzyl)oxy)‐N4‐hydroxyterephthalamide, 1 f) showed sub‐micromolar activity against P. berghei exo‐erythrocytic stages (IC50 0.18 μm) and >270‐fold better activity for exo‐erythrocytic forms than for HepG2 cells. This, together with asexual‐stage in vitro potency (IC50≈0.1 μm) and selectivity of this compound versus human cells (SI>450), suggests that 1 f may be a valuable starting point for the development of novel antimalarial drug leads with low host cell toxicity and multi‐stage anti‐plasmodial activity.
Group theory and p‐adic valued models of swarm behaviour
Authors: Schumann Andrew
Published: August 2017

The swarm behaviour can be controlled by different localizations of attractants (food pieces) and repellents (dangerous places), which, respectively, attract and repel the swarm propagation. If we assume that at each time step, the swarm can find out not more than p−1 attractants (
), then the swarm behaviour can be coded by p‐adic integers, ie, by the numbers of the ring Zp. Each swarm propagation has the following 2 stages: (1) the discover of localizations of neighbour attractants and repellents and (2) the logistical optimization of the road system connecting all the reachable attractants and avoiding all the neighbour repellents. In the meanwhile, at the discovering stage, the swarm builds some direct roads and, at the logistical stage, the transporting network of the swarm gets loops (circles) and it permanently changes. So, at the first stage, the behaviour can be expressed by some linear p‐adic valued strings. At the second stage, it is expressed by non‐linear modifications of p‐adic valued strings. The second stage cannot be described by conventional algebraic tools; therefore, I have introduced the so‐called non‐linear group theory for describing both stages in the swarm propagation.
Murine pulmonary imaging at 7T: and T1 with anisotropic UTE
Authors: Guo Jinbang , Cao Xuefeng , Cleveland Zackary I. , Woods Jason C.
Published: August 2017

Purpose

To measure the
and T1 of mouse lung at 7T via anisotropic‐resolution radial ultrashort echo‐time imaging with ellipsoidal k‐space coverage.

Methods

Ellipsoidal field‐of‐view was created by expanding uniform spherical k‐space coverage. The effects of
and ellipsoidal sampling on image resolution were investigated by using point‐spread‐function analysis and resolution phantoms. Finally, this ellipsoidal sampling approach was used to measure the lung
and T1 of healthy C57BL/6 mice at the increasingly common preclinical field strength of 7T.

Results

Lung parenchyma
of 17‐ to 23‐week‐old mice at 7T was 0.395 ± 0.033 ms. T1 of lung and left‐ and right‐heart ventricles was 1452.5 ± 87.0 ms, 1810.5 ± 54.6 ms, and 1602.6 ± 120.9 ms, respectively. Ellipsoidal k‐space sampling provides enhanced resolution for a fixed scanning time or provides equivalent (although anisotropic) spatial resolution with reduced scanning times, while simultaneously avoiding fold‐in artifacts.

Conclusion

Using these techniques, the first
and T1 measures of mouse lung at 7T are reported. Ultrashort echo‐time imaging with ellipsoidal k‐space coverage significantly increases in‐plane resolution without increasing scanning time, or equivalently, decreases scanning time while maintaining equivalent in‐plane resolution. Magn Reson Med 79:2254–2264, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Helpers “Here on the Front Lines”: Welfare‐to‐Work Managers' Moral Identity Work
Authors: Taylor Tiffany , Turgeon Brianna , Gross Christi L.
Published: August 2017

Using data drawn from telephone interviews with Ohio Works First program managers (N = 69), we examine managers' moral identity work. This work included using militarized rhetoric to evoke moral identities as honorable workers. It also involved signifying helper/helpful moral identities by defining what it means to be helpful, legitimating their helper identity through connections to caseworkers, and affirming their identity through telling success stories. Additionally, managers implicitly othered clients they viewed as needy and politicians they considered to be out‐of‐touch. Our research contributes to the literature on welfare‐to‐work, but also more broadly to our understanding of moral identity work and implicit othering.
The Role of Recrystallization in Spontaneous Grain Refinement of Rapidly Solidified Ni3Ge
Authors: Haque Nafisul , Cochrane Robert F. , Mullis Andrew M.
Published: August 2017

The congruently melting intermetallic β-Ni3Ge has been subject to rapid solidification via drop-tube processing. Droplets spanning the size range 75 to 53 μm, with corresponding cooling rates of 23,000 to 42,000 K s−1, have been found to undergo spontaneous grain refinement by recrystallization and recovery. Outside of this relatively narrow size range, the primary solidification morphology is retained, either dendritic for larger particles or dendritic seaweed for smaller particles.
Multimodality therapy improves survival in intramedullary spinal cord metastasis of lung primary
Authors: Saeed Hayder , Patel Reema , Thakkar Jigisha , Hamoodi Lames , Chen Li , Villano John L.
Published: August 2017

Background:

Most metastatic spinal cord lesions are located either in the intradural, extramedullary, or in the epidural compartments. Intramedullary spinal cord metastasis (ISCM) is a rare central nervous system spread of cancer. The aim of this report was to evaluate ISCM in the published literature.

Methods:

A literature review of PubMed from 1960 to 2016 was undertaken for the publications having demographic, clinical, histological, and outcome data.

Results:

A total of 59 relevant papers were identified, showing 128 cases of intramedullary metastasis from lung cancer. The incidence of lung cancer as the primary malignancy with intramedullary metastasis was 56%. The median time from diagnosis of primary to intramedullary metastasis was 6 months. Survival improved with multimodality therapy compared to monotherapy (4 months vs. 6.3 months) (hazard ratio = 0.501; 95% confidence interval, 0.293–0.857).

Conclusion:

Lung cancer is the predominant cause of intramedullary involvement of the spinal cord. Overall prognosis is poor, although a multimodality approach was associated with improved survival.
Presence of fluorescent in situ hybridization abnormalities is associated with plasma cell burden in light chain amyloidosis
Authors: Hammons Lindsay , Brazauskas Ruta , Pasquini Marcelo , Hamadani Mehdi , Hari Parameswaran , D’Souza Anita
Published: August 2017

Objective/Background:

To assess abnormalities found on CD138-enriched fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) studies on pre-treatment bone marrow in systemic amyloid light-chain amyloidosis (AL) and correlate findings between these abnormalities with organ involvement and 1-year survival.

Methods:

We reviewed 107 patients with systemic AL to identify the impact of a diagnostic FISH study done on plasma cell-enriched bone marrow in our institution between January 2010 and January 2015; 77 had pre-treatment testing performed.

Results:

A total of 77 (61%) patients had abnormal FISH including: hyperdiploidy (29%), t(11;14), (20%), hypodiploidy (16%), t(4;14), (1%), del17p (5%), and + 1q21 (5%). Abnormal FISH studies were more likely in those patients with plasma cell involvement ≥ 10% (p = .002). FISH abnormalities were not shown to correlate with stage, cardiac involvement, or survival at 1 year. One-year survival was significantly affected by stage at diagnosis and presence of cardiac and hepatic amyloid involvement.

Conclusion:

We conclude that in AL, FISH abnormalities are associated with clonal burden. We found no impact of these markers on the type of organ involvement or 1-year survival.
The Jewish Ghetto and the Visual Imagination of Early Modern Venice
Authors: Katz Dana E.
Published: August 2017

Dana E. Katz examines the Jewish ghetto of Venice as a paradox of urban space. In 1516, the Senate established the ghetto on the periphery of the city and legislated nocturnal curfews to reduce the Jews' visibility in Venice. Katz argues that it was precisely this practice of marginalization that put the ghetto on display for Christian and Jewish eyes. According to her research, early modern Venetians grounded their conceptions of the ghetto in discourses of sight. Katz's unique approach demonstrates how Venice's Jewish ghetto engaged the sensory imagination of its inhabitants in complex and contradictory ways that both shaped urban space and reshaped Christian-Jewish relations.
Health and Community-Based Services for Individuals with Neurological Conditions
Authors: Munce Sarah E.P. , Pitzul Kristen B. , Guilcher Sara J.T. , Bereket Tarik , Kwan Mae , Conklin James , Versnel Joan , Packer Tanya , Verrier Molly , Marras Connie , Riopelle Richard , Jaglal Susan B.
Published: August 2017

Background:The current study involves a national survey of healthcare providers who offer services for individuals with a variety of neurological conditions. It aims to describe the provision of health and community-based services as well as the admission criteria, waitlist practices, and referral sources of these services.Methods:An online survey was directed at administrators/managers from publicly funded hospital programs, long-term care homes, and community-based healthcare provider agencies that were believed to be providing information and/or services to patients with a variety of neurological conditions.Results:Approximately 60% (n=254) of respondents reported providing services in either urban/suburban areas or rural/remote areas only, whereas the remaining 40% (n=172) provided services regardless of patient location. A small proportion of respondents reported providing services for individuals with dystonia (28%), Tourette syndrome (17%), and Rett syndrome (13%). There was also a paucity of diverse healthcare professionals across all institutions, but particularly mental healthcare professionals in hospitals. Lastly, the majority of respondents reported numerous exclusion criteria with regard to service provision, including prevalent comorbid conditions.Conclusions:If the few services provided for these neurological patient populations exclude common comorbidities, it is likely that there will be no other place for these individuals to seek care.
Intervening to enhance collaboration in translational research: A relational coordination approach
Authors: Perloff Jennifer , Rushforth Alice , Welch Lisa C. , Daudelin Denise , Suchman Anthony L. , Hoffer Gittell Jody , Santos Hannah , Beswick Joanne , Moore Saleema , Selker Harry P.
Published: August 2017

Introduction

A core challenge of a multidisciplinary and multi-organizational translational research enterprise such as a Clinical and Translational Research Award (CTSA) is coordinating and integrating the work of individuals, workgroups, and organizations accustomed to working independently and autonomously. Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI) undertook and studied a multifacted intervention to address this challenge and to create a culture of systems thinking, process awareness, responsive to others' needs, and shared decision-making.

Intervention

The intervention, based on relational coordination, included 1) relational interventions, in three staff retreats and a diagnostic survey to provide feedback on the current quality of relational coordination, and 2) structural interventions, in the launching of five new cross-functional teams with regular meeting structures.

Methods

A mixed-methods evaluation yielded quantitative data via two types of team surveys and qualitative data via interviews and meeting observations.

Results

The findings suggest that interventions to improve relational coordination are feasible for CTSAs, including good fidelity to the model and staff/physician engagement. Survey and interview data suggest model improvements in coordination and alignment. Further research about their optimal design is warranted.
Sentimentalizing and Hyper-Theorizing Egypt's 2011 Uprising
Authors: Beinin Joel
Published: August 2017

The Arab popular uprisings of 2011 caught nearly every scholar, journalist, and foreign policy think tanker by surprise. The literature about them is already prodigious. Despite their failure to democratize the region (with the partial exception of Tunisia) or promote more equitable economic policies, the political and economic crises that impelled the uprisings and the processes of change they initiated are still underway and are unlikely to be resolved for some time. Consequently, most historians would argue that we cannot now have enough perspective or primary documentary evidence to support a nuanced analysis of the multiple intersections of structure and agency that informed the uprisings, the behind-the-scenes forces (including U.S., French, and Saudi interventions to contain or roll back the revolutionary impulses) that influenced short and medium-term outcomes, and the long-term meanings and consequences of the events for the participants and their societies. I am emphatically not suggesting that scholars should not write about these events; I have done so myself (Workers and Thieves: Labor Movements and Popular Uprisings in Tunisia and Egypt, Stanford University Press, 2016). However, a certain modesty, self-critical spirit, and openness to revision is appropriate.
Negative results are needed to show the specific value of a cultural explanation forg
Authors: Arslan Ruben C. , von Borell Christoph J. , Ostner Julia , Penke Lars
Published: August 2017

Burkart et al. suggest that social learning can explain the cognitive positive manifold for social animals, including humans. We caution that simpler explanations of positive trait intercorrelations exist, such as genetic load. To test the suggested explanation's specificity, we also need to examine non-social species and traits, such as health, that are distal to cognitive abilities.
G but not g: In search of the evolutionary continuity of intelligence
Authors: Bar-Hen-Schweiger Moran , Schweiger Avraham , Henik Avishai
Published: August 2017

Conceptualizing intelligence in its biological context, as the expression of manifold adaptations, compels a rethinking of measuring this characteristic in humans, relying also on animal studies of analogous skills. Mental manipulation, as an extension of object manipulation, provides a continuous, biologically based concept for studying G as it pertains to individual differences in humans and other species.
Domains of generality
Authors: Buskell Andrew , Halina Marta
Published: August 2017

We argue that general intelligence, as presented in the target article, generates multiple distinct and non-equivalent characterisations. Clarifying this central concept is necessary for assessing Burkart et al.'s proposal that the cultural intelligence hypothesis is the best explanation for the evolution of general intelligence. We assess this claim by considering two characterisations of general intelligence presented in the article.
Theory of mind: A foundational component of human general intelligence
Authors: Estes David , Bartsch Karen
Published: August 2017

To understand the evolution of general intelligence, Burkart et al. endorse a “cultural intelligence approach,” which emphasizes the critical importance of social interaction. We argue thattheory of mindprovides an essential foundation and shared perspective for the efficient ontogenetic transmission of crucial knowledge and skills during human development and, together with language, can account for superior human general intelligence.
Understanding the relationship between general intelligence and socio-cognitive abilities in humans
Authors: Fernández-Berrocal Pablo , Cabello Rosario , Gutiérrez-Cobo María José
Published: August 2017

Burkart et al. consider that the relationship between general intelligence and socio-cognitive abilities is poorly understood in animals and humans. We examine this conclusion in the perspective of an already substantial evidence base on the relationship among general intelligence, theory of mind, and emotional intelligence. We propose a link between general intelligence and socio-cognitive abilities within humans.
Taking a multiple intelligences (MI) perspective
Authors: Gardner Howard
Published: August 2017

The theory of multiple intelligences (MI) seeks to describe and encompass the range of human cognitive capacities. In challenging the concept of general intelligence, we can apply an MI perspective that may provide a more useful approach to cognitive differences within and across species.
The false dichotomy of domain-specific versus domain-general cognition
Authors: Jacobs Ivo , Gärdenfors Peter
Published: August 2017

The qualitative division between domain-general and domain-specific cognition is unsubstantiated. The distinction is instead better viewed as opposites on a gradual scale, which has more explanatory power and fits current empirical evidence better. We also argue that causal cognition may be more general than social learning, which it often involves.
The evolution of fluid intelligence meets formative g
Authors: Kovacs Kristof , Conway Andrew R. A.
Published: August 2017

The argument by Burkart et al. in the target article relates to fluid (not general) intelligence: a domain-general ability involved in complex, novel problem solving, and strongly related to working memory and executive functions. A formative framework, under which the general factor of intelligence is the common consequence, not the common cause of the covariance among tests is more in line with an evolutionary approach.
Gandg: Two markers of a general cognitive ability, or none?
Authors: Locurto Charles
Published: August 2017

The search for general processes that underlie intelligence in nonhumans has followed two strategies: one that concerns observing differences between nonhuman species (G), the second that concerns observing individual differences within a nonhuman species (g). This commentary takes issue with both attempts to mark a general factor: Differential responding to contextual variables compromises the search forG, and the lack of predictive validity compromisesg.
The evolution of analytic thought?
Authors: Pennycook Gordon , Rand David G.
Published: August 2017

We argue that the truly unique aspect of human intelligence is not the variety of cognitive skills that are ontogenetically constructed, but rather the capacity todecidewhen to develop and apply said skills. Even if there is good evidence forgin nonhuman animals, we are left with major questions about how the disposition to think analytically can evolve.
General intelligence is an emerging property, not an evolutionary puzzle
Authors: Ramus Franck
Published: August 2017

Burkart et al. contend that general intelligence poses a major evolutionary puzzle. This assertion presupposes a reification of general intelligence – that is, assuming that it is one “thing” that must have been selected as such. However, viewing general intelligence as an emerging property of multiple cognitive abilities (each with their own selective advantage) requires no additional evolutionary explanation.
A pointer's hypothesis of general intelligence evolved from domain-specific demands
Authors: Wang X. T. (Xiao-Tian)
Published: August 2017

A higher-order function may evolve phylogenetically if it is demanded by multiple domain-specific modules. Task-specificity to solve a unique adaptive problem (e.g., foraging or mating) should be distinguished from function-specificity to deal with a common computational demand (e.g., numeracy, verbal communication) required by many tasks. A localized brain function is likely a result of such common computational demand.
General intelligence is a source of individual differences between species: Solving an anomaly
Authors: Woodley of Menie Michael A. , Fernandes Heitor B. F. , te Nijenhuis Jan , Peñaherrera-Aguirre Mateo , Figueredo Aurelio José
Published: August 2017

Burkart et al. present a paradox – general factors of intelligence exist among individual differences (g) in performance in several species, and also at the aggregate level (G); however, there is ambiguous evidence for the existence of g when analyzing data using a mixed approach, that is, when comparing individuals of different species using the same cognitive ability battery. Here, we present an empirical solution to this paradox.
The use of questions in a synchronous intercultural online exchange project
Authors: Yang Rong
Published: August 2017

In this digital era, online intercultural exchange has gained increased popularity in language and culture education. However, concerns arise over its productiveness and efficacy in engaging participants cognitively. In addition, there is a paucity of research on out-of-classroom synchronous online exchange projects, let alone those involving Chinese English learners and English-speaking Chinese learners. Guided by the social constructivist theory, this study examined the productiveness of a small-scale intercultural online exchange project from its quality dimension measured by the participants’ use of questions. The purpose was to gain a better understanding of the dynamics and educational value of online synchronous text communication in language and culture learning. Participants were six English learners from China and six English-speaking Chinese learners from the U.S. Unlike many previous intercultural exchanges, this project was entirely independent from the curricula on both sides. Within a certain time frame, participants chose when and where exactly the synchronous text chat took place. Data analyses focused on the self-generated questions found in chat logs. Although participants seemed to self-generate more lower-order than higher-order thinking questions, the latter were frequently used in the process of online discussion to engage learners from both sides in critical thinking and self-reflection. Differences in the use of questions were found across dyads, languages, and groups of participants. Implications for future research and project design were discussed.
Portuguese Version of the HIV-Related Attitudes Scale (HIV-AS) for Adolescents
Authors: Morales Alexandra , Espada José P. , Reis Sibília , Orgilés Mireia
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The HIV-related Attitudes Scale (HIV-AS) is a brief, valid, and reliable instrument, widely used in Spain. Because of the high risk of HIV in adolescents in Portugal and the scarcity of multidimensional measures to assess attitudes toward HIV-related aspects, reliable and valid instruments are essential for understanding sexual risk behaviors in this population. The aim of this study was to adapt and validate the Spanish version of the HIV-AS into Portuguese. Factor structure, internal consistency, temporal stability, and measurement equivalence with the Spanish version were examined. Analyses were conducted based on a sample of 1,618 adolescents aged 15–18 years (Portugal N = 624, and Spain N = 994). This study confirmed the four-factor structure of HIV-AS, including attitudes toward obstacles to safe sex, HIV testing, condom use, and people living with HIV/AIDS. Reliability was excellent (α = .82) and temporal stability was moderate ( r = .51). Results provided good initial support for the invariance at a strict level for Portuguese and Spanish samples. The Portuguese version of the HIV-AS is a valid and reliable tool for assessing relevant dimensions of attitudes toward HIV-related aspects in adolescents. Future research is needed to consolidate these findings and to generalize them to other populations and countries.
Auroras May Explain an Anomaly in Earth’s Ionosphere
Authors: Underwood Emily
Published: August 2017

A new study finds that the ionospheric anomaly over the Weddell Sea is likely influenced by proximity to auroral energy input, rather than by tilting magnetic fields.
Returning Fall Meeting Chair Looks to New Orleans and Beyond
Authors: Oliphant Nicole
Published: August 2017

Denis-Didier Rousseau embraces technology and logistical changes to foster exploration and collaboration at the 2017 Fall Meeting, and he looks ahead to the American Geophysical Union’s Centennial.
A New Model for River Meanders
Authors: Underwood Emily
Published: August 2017

A river’s twists and turns are shaped by its past flood events.
Airborne Laser Spectroscopy System Can Map Atmospheric Gases
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: August 2017

A new versatile spectroscopy system could create ultraprecise maps of Earth’s atmosphere, detect methane emission sources, and scan for chemical weapons.
A Wealth of Science to Come During Cassini’s Final Orbits
Authors: Wendel JoAnna
Published: August 2017

NASA’s spacecraft will continue to unlock Saturn’s mysteries up until the moment it burns up in Saturn’s atmosphere.