bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Phosphoproteomic Profiling in the Prefrontal Cortex of Prenatally Stressed Male Offspring Rats
Authors: He Wei , Huang Huimei , Zhang Huiping , Sun Hongli
Published: July 2022

Many investigations have indicated that prenatal stress (PS) causes depressive-like disturbances in offspring rats. However, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) has been shown to play a role in susceptibility to stress during fetal development; thus, we focused our attention on differential protein phosphorylation in this region of PS-S (susceptibility to PS) offspring rats. The sucrose preference test was used to screen for susceptibility to PS. The validity of the prenatally stressed model was verified by other common depression-like behaviors. We used MS-based TMT quantitative proteomics in combination with the phosphopeptide enrichment method to compare phosphoproteomic profiling in the PFC of PS-S and control male offspring rats. In total, 3,418 phosphoproteins, 8,404 phosphopeptides, and 12,175 phosphosites were identified in this analysis. According to the screening criteria, 902 phosphopeptides increased and 609 decreased in the PFC of the PS-S group compared to the control rats. Gene ontology enrichment analysis indicated that the main enriched terms in the cellular component category were “synapse part,” “myelin sheath,” “synapse,” “neuron part,” and “axon.” The phosphoproteins enriched in the molecular function and biological process categories were mainly related to cytoskeleton- and projection morphogenesis-associated proteins. KEGG pathway enrichment analyses identified 30 significant KEGG pathways; the top five pathways included salivary secretion, endocrine and other factor-regulated calcium reabsorption, pancreatic secretion, and insulin secretion. Motifs such as ……_S_P…RR, ……S_PE……, ……_S_PV……, ……_S_P.H……, and …S…_S_PT…. were the top five motifs enriched in phosphorylated sites. PS may induce depressive-like behaviors in male offspring rats by regulating the phosphorylation of proteins mainly related to synapses, myelin sheaths, neurons, and the cytoskeleton. The phosphorylation of related proteins may act as key pathogenic hits. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD026563.
Education Competencies for Integrative Oncology in Germany: Results of a Stakeholder Engagement Survey Study
Authors: Rogge Alizé A. , Witt Claudia M.
Published: July 2022

Background: Integrative Medicine (IM) training programs in oncology lacked standardized education core competencies to ensure the practical relevance of its learning content and objectives. In a previous international and interprofessional consensus procedure, core competencies were developed for health professionals working in Integrative Oncology (IO). However, the transferability of the developed core competencies to IO physicians working in Germany has not yet been verified. The overall aim of this survey study as part of the KOKON Project (Kompetenznetzwerk Komplementärmedizin in der Onkologie; Competence Network Complementary Medicine in Oncology) was to investigate if the international core competencies developed for IO for a broader group of health professionals are suitable for physicians in Germany. Material and Methods: Paper-pencil and digital questionnaires were distributed amongst various stakeholder groups (cancer patients and representatives; IO physicians; members of IM organization and IM researchers; multipliers of cancer support groups). The stakeholders were asked to rate the 37 core competencies developed according to their importance for the respective stakeholder group (not important, moderately, very important). Analyses were conducted using a 60% agreement threshold for medium to highly important competencies and 50% agreement threshold for highly important competencies. Results: We contacted different persons from various stakeholder groups (n > 370) with a survey response rate of 55.5–68.4% (n = 271) depending on the respective stakeholder group. Using the 50% agreement threshold, all competencies were accepted by the stakeholder groups. 27 competencies were considered very important by 60% of the survey participants. In particular, cancer patients and cancer support groups showed similar results. Conclusion: The list of developed international core competencies for IM health professionals seems to be suitable for physicians providing IO in Germany according to different stakeholder groups. The implementation of competencies can support the development of evidence-based, patient-centered training programs for physicians.
Evolving Modularity in Soft Robots Through an Embodied and Self-Organizing Neural Controller
Authors: Pigozzi Federico , Medvet Eric
Published: July 2022

Modularity is a desirable property for embodied agents, as it could foster their suitability to different domains by disassembling them into transferable modules that can be reassembled differently. We focus on a class of embodied agents known as voxel-based soft robots (VSRs). They are aggregations of elastic blocks of soft material; as such, their morphologies are intrinsically modular. Nevertheless, controllers used until now for VSRs act as abstract, disembodied processing units: Disassembling such controllers for the purpose of module transferability is a challenging problem. Thus, the full potential of modularity for VSRs still remains untapped. In this work, we propose a novel self-organizing, embodied neural controller for VSRs. We optimize it for a given task and morphology by means of evolutionary computation: While evolving, the controller spreads across the VSR morphology in a way that permits emergence of modularity. We experimentally investigate whether such a controller (i) is effective and (ii) allows tuning of its degree of modularity, and with what kind of impact. To this end, we consider the task of locomotion on rugged terrains and evolve controllers for two morphologies. Our experiments confirm that our self-organizing, embodied controller is indeed effective. Moreover, by mimicking the structural modularity observed in biological neural networks, different levels of modularity can be achieved. Our findings suggest that the self-organization of modularity could be the basis for an automatic pipeline for assembling, disassembling, and reassembling embodied agents.
Reconciliation in human adults: a video-assisted naturalistic observational study of post conflict conciliatory behaviour in interpersonal aggression
Authors: Philpot R. , Liebst L.S. , Rosenkrantz Lindegaard M. , Verbeek P. , Levine M.
Published: July 2022

Reconciliation is an aspect of conflict resolution, with similar behavioural patterns documented in non-human primates, human children, and human adults of non-Western, non-industrialized cultures. Reconciliation amongst adults of industrialized societies has rarely been studied. We observed naturally occurring conflicts between adults, captured by public security cameras in England. Reconciliation was found in one-quarter of all conflicts and was more prevalent in milder conflicts. Reconciliation typically occurred spontaneously between opponents — and was found within friendship groups and across stranger groups. Reconciliation between opponents also appeared to be stimulated by peers, law enforcement, or shared objects. In some instances, reconciliation extended beyond the initial conflict dyad toward victimized third-party peacemakers. These findings add to growing cross-cultural and cross-species evidence demonstrating the presence and function of post-conflict reconciliation. We extend the repertoire of reconciliatory behaviour and introduce five common features of reconciliation that are central to the study of adult peacemaking.
The European Court of Human Rights and State-Owned Entities: Engagement and Development of a Jurisprudence Constante
Authors: Barnes Mihaela Maria
Published: July 2022

The article analyses the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) concerning State-owned entities (SOE s) in the following areas: standing, the criteria for determining the nature and status of an entity, the positive obligations of States in the context of SOE s, the attribution of acts and omissions of SOE s to the State for the purpose of State responsibility, the liability of States for the debts of SOE s and the obligations of the State to promptly enforce decisions against SOE s. The aim of the article is to uncover the main issues that the ECtHR has had to consider when dealing with SOE s: whether the approach taken by the Court is consistent over time; whether and where applicable the Court’s approach is consistent with, or departs from, general international law; and what are the main principles that can be ascertained from this case law.
Synotis nyalamensis (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), a new species from southern Xizang (Tibet), China
Authors: TANG MING , REN CHEN , CHEN YOU-SHENG , YANG QIN-ER
Published: July 2022

Synotis nyalamensis (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), a new species from Nyalam county in southern Xizang (Tibet), China, is described and illustrated. It is most closely similar to S. kunthiana, a species occurring in northwestern India, Nepal, and Pakistan, in having abaxially white-tomentose leaves and cylindric-campanulate capitula, but differs by having higher stature (45–60 vs. 20–40 cm), singular (vs. several) stems, caudate-acuminate (vs. acuminate) leaf tips, prominent (vs. obscure) nerves on abaxial side of leaves, and more disk florets (15–24 vs. 7–12).
Total White Blood Cell Count is Associated with Arterial Stiffness Among Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Huang Min , Li Fajiu , Chen Si , Liu Min , Qin Wei , Wu Juanjuan , Chen Ying , Zhong Jinnan , Zhao Qian , Hu Bingzhu
Published: July 2022

The association between white blood cell (WBC) count and arterial stiffness in patients with hypertension is not well-documented. We aimed to examine the relationships of total WBC count with arterial stiffness and risk of macrovascular damage in hypertensive patients. A total of 631 hypertensive adults (mean age: 65.6 years) were included in the present study. Arterial stiffness was determined by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and ankle-brachial index (ABI). Macrovascular damage was defined as baPWV >1.8 m/s or ABI <.9. The dose-response associations were assessed by multivariate linear or logistic regression models. After multivariate adjustments, we observed a dose-response relationship between increasing total WBC count and arterial stiffness. Participants in the highest tertile of total WBC count showed a significantly elevated baPWV (β = .088; 95% CI: .021, .154; Ptrend = .010) and reduced ABI (β = −.027; 95% CI: −.046, −.008; Ptrend = .005), as compared with those in the first tertile. The association was similar in different subgroups. In addition, elevated total WBC count was related to a greater risk of macrovascular damage, as indicated by baPWV >1.8 m/s (OR = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.15, 2.99, comparing the extreme tertiles). Our data suggest that elevated total WBC count was related to arterial stiffness among individuals with hypertension.
Consensus on Nasal Irrigation in Infants: A Delphi Study
Authors: Audag Nicolas , Cnockaert Pierre , Reychler Gregory , Poncin William
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Nasal irrigation is regularly used in infants to relieve upper airway symptoms. However, because there is no consensus on good practice, nasal irrigation in infants is described and applied heterogeneously among clinicians and between clinical trials.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to establish consensus regarding the use of nasal irrigation in infants.

Methods:

A panel of Belgian physiotherapists and physicians experienced in performing nasal irrigation in infants were surveyed using the Delphi technique. Three survey rounds were used. Participants rated their level of (dis)agreement to each statement in each round using a 6-point Likert scale. Consensus was defined for statements which collected at least 75% of responses in agreement or disagreement. The questionnaire of Round 1 was built on nasal irrigation practice habits previously collected from parents, childcare workers, and healthcare professionals. Questionnaires from rounds 2 and 3 were amended based on experts written feedback.

Results:

Thirty experts (12 physicians and 18 physiotherapists) completed all 3 questionnaires. Consensus was achieved for 47 of 75 statements (63%) distributed over the following domains: “contraindications,” “indications and frequency of use,” “irrigation means,” “solution preparation,” “solution volume,” “realization of the technique,” and “assessment of the efficacy of nasal irrigation.”

Conclusion:

This study provides the first well-constructed consensus on good practice on nasal irrigation in infants. Consensus on several statements across different domains were established but require validation in future trials. This study also proposes direction for future research focusing on statements that did not reach consensus.
Societal factors and psychological distress indicators associated with the recent rise in youth suicide in Taiwan: A time trend analysis
Authors: Chang Yi-Han , Lin Chien-Yu , Liao Shih-Cheng , Chen Ying-Yeh , Shaw Fortune Fu-Tsung , Hsu Chia-Yueh , Gunnell David , Chang Shu-Sen
Published: July 2022

Objective:

We investigated recent trends in youth suicide and their associations with societal and psychological factors in Taiwan.

Methods:

Suicide data (1971–2019) for 10–24 year olds were extracted from Taiwan’s national cause-of-death data files. We investigated changes in trends in youth suicide rates, societal factors (gross domestic product per capita, Gini index, overall and youth unemployment rates, divorce rates in people aged 40–59 years [i.e. the age of most 15–24 year olds’ parents] and Internet use rates) and psychological distress indicators (youth self-harm rates and the prevalence of worry-related insomnia, and suicide ideation, plan and attempt) using joinpoint regression and graphic examinations. The associations of these factors with youth suicide rates were examined using Prais–Winsten regression.

Results:

Suicide rates in Taiwan’s 10–24 year olds changed from a downward trend (2005–2014) to an upward trend in 2014 and increased 11.5% (95% confidence interval = [5.2%, 18.1%]) annually between 2014 and 2019. There was also an upturn in divorce rates among females aged 40–59 years in 2014 and self-harm rates among 15- to 24-year-old youth in 2013. The prevalence of self-reported insomnia and suicide ideation, plan and attempt in youth started to increase from 2013 to 2016. In the regression analysis, Internet use, female divorce rates and youth self-harm rates were positively associated with youth suicide rates.

Conclusion:

Suicide rates and the prevalence of suicidal behaviors began to increase in Taiwanese youth in the 2010s. These increases may be associated with concurrent rises in parental divorce rates, Internet use and poor sleep. Further research is needed to examine the mechanisms underlying recent increases in youth suicide risk.
“It Ain’t Home Base No More:” Sentencing Reform and Dynamic County Jail Inmate Politics
Authors: Caudill Jonathan W. , Trulson Chad R. , DeLisi Matt , Marquart James W.
Published: July 2022

Inmate politics in prisons has been well chronicled. Yet, little is known about the role of inmate politics in county jails. Utilizing data from a natural experiment and complied through longitudinal case study methods, this study observed the dynamic socio-political concepts of the county jail inmate environment that followed California's 2011 sentencing reform. Identifying those aspects of the jail inmate political system that shifted – enhancements in the role of race relations among inmates, an expansion of the inmate economy, and emergence of utilitarian violence – also permits a clearer understanding of the jail inmate political system.
Social Cognitive Career Theory Predictors of Goal Persistence in African American College Students With Disabilities
Authors: Wu Jia Rung , Kundu Madan , Iwanaga Kanako , Chan Fong , Chen Xiangli , Rumrill Phillip , Wehman Paul
Published: July 2022

The Black Lives Matter movement exposed the broad and deep issues of institutional racism in the United States. Helping young African Americans with disabilities persevere in their pursuit of college degrees and obtain entry-level professional jobs as career pathways to the middle class will contribute to workplace equity for young adults who are at the intersection of race, disability, and poverty. The Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) has been validated extensively as a model of goal persistence for women and minority college students majoring in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM). The present study evaluated SCCT constructs as predictors of goal persistence in a sample of African American college students with disabilities across various academic majors, using hierarchical regression analysis. The final model accounted for 53% of the variance in goal persistence scores, a large effect size. Academic milestone self-efficacy and career self-efficacy were the most important predictors of goal persistence, followed by academic barrier self-efficacy, deep learning style, and career outcome expectancy. The SCCT interventions designed to increase academic and career efficacy and outcome expectancy will increase the likelihood that African American college students with disabilities will complete their degrees and successfully obtain professional jobs.
Trajectories towards Political Engagement on Facebook around Brexit: Beyond Affordances for Understanding Racist and Right-Wing Populist Mobilisations Online
Authors: Hall Natalie-Anne
Published: July 2022

Social media are frequently implicated in the racist and right-wing populist mobilisations that found voice in support for Brexit. However, research tends to focus on platform affordances and fails to provide a sociological account of individuals’ actual experiences with these media, and how they interact with broader social and political experiences to impact attitudes. Based on interviews with newly passionately engaged pro-Brexit Facebook users, this article examines the trajectories by which individuals came to be so engaged. The findings demonstrate that the technological opportunities provided by social media were only significant in the context of offline experiences and socio-political factors. These include racist discourses that predate social media, a loss of trust in traditional media and government, and the opportunity provided by Brexit to articulate and activate pre-held attitudes.
The Weight of a Word: ‘Covert’ and the Proportionality of Australia’s Foreign Interference Laws
Authors: Ross Tony
Published: July 2022

The National Security Legislation Amendment (Espionage and Foreign Interference) Act 2018 (Cth) introduced the first offences for acts of foreign interference in Australian history. Inter alia, the laws target activities sponsored by a foreign principal which seek to influence Australia’s democratic processes using coercive, deceptive and covert conduct. The Act’s offences address coercive and deceptive conduct by foreign actors, which align with those behaviours which find contempt in international law. However, it is the Act’s targeting of ‘covert’ conduct which has drawn the widest criticism, and which was the subject of a High Court challenge in Zhang v Commissioner of Police [2021] HCA 16. Despite the High Court not being required to determine the validity of the foreign interference offences, there remain serious questions regarding the proportionality of the offences within the legislation which target covert behaviour which is not coercive or deceptive. Such benign covert behaviour is not condemned in international law, and its prohibition in Australia presents as an attempt by the government to remediate exploitable gaps in international law by controlling the interactions of its own citizenry with foreign actors. When the available alternatives to such measures are considered, this regulation appears excessive. Thus, a future challenge to Australia’s foreign interference laws may focus on the burden which the foreign interference offence’s ‘covert’ element places on the constitutionally entrenched implied freedom of political communication.
The Efficacy Paradox Revisited: “Closing Up” Commitments in Nuclear Waste Governance
Authors: Parotte Céline , Macq Hadrien , Delvenne Pierre
Published: July 2022

It is well established in science and technology studies that participation and expert analysis should not be seen as contradictory. Key analytical questions include how both public and expert knowledge contribute to “closing down” and “opening up” appraisals and commitments, and how important these dynamics are in assessing the process and the conditions of democratizing technology. This article examines how the participatory turn has affected nuclear waste governance options in France and Canada. Through cross-case analysis, it describes how at each constitutive step of management programs, public and expert knowledge has followed a variety of pathways in (in)forming commitments, resulting in asymmetrical trade-offs. The term “closing up commitment” is introduced to refer to the way both national governments finally opted for closing the technological options at hand while introducing new conditions that might challenge future actions. We argue that paying attention to this mutation in nuclear governance allows for a more detailed analysis of power distributions in science and technology governance than a critical approach that rejects any closure because it can be (and often is) the result of an instrumental approach undertaken by the incumbent actors.
Adolescent Delinquency and Adulthood Economic Disadvantage and Job Benefits: Results From a Longitudinal Sample of Males and Females
Authors: Turgumbayev Marlen , Rima Dzhansarayeva , Dossanov Murat , Baisalov Ali , Beaver Kevin M.
Published: July 2022

There is a long history of examining the connection between crime and delinquency and economic well-being and employment quality. Despite this vast literature, there still remains unanswered questions surrounding these associations, including whether the timing of adolescent delinquency is associated with adulthood economic disadvantage and job quality, whether different types of adolescent delinquency maintain differential associations with measures of economic disadvantage and employment quality in adulthood, and whether any associations between delinquency and economics/employment are invariant between males and females. The current study sought to address these issues by exploring the associations between adolescent involvement in nonviolent and violent delinquency (measured at two times in adolescence) and adulthood economic disadvantage and job quality. To do so, data drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health were analyzed. The results revealed consistently null associations between the measures of adolescent delinquency and economic disadvantage and job quality for males. For females, however, the results were consistently significant, indicating that females who self-reported greater involvement in delinquency were more likely to be economically disadvantaged as adults and to have lower quality jobs. These results indicate that the associations between delinquency and economic disadvantage and job benefits differs between males and females, with females, in comparison with males, paying a significantly greater toll for engaging in acts of violent and nonviolent delinquency.
Machine-Learning Approaches to Identify Travel Modes Using Smartphone-Assisted Survey and Map Application Programming Interface
Authors: Sun Yilin , Dong Yinan , D. Waygood E. Owen , Naseri Hamed , Jiang Yuhao , Chen Yijie
Published: July 2022

Travel mode choice prediction is essential for transportation planning and travel demand prediction. One of the conventional travel survey methods is collecting data over landline telephones, which lacks efficiency because of financial and time resource needs. In this regard, smartphone-assisted travel surveys can be applied to overcome the mentioned deficiencies. Smartphone-assisted travel surveys allow respondents to record GPS data, travel purpose, and travel mode via an application, simplifying the survey process. With various sensors equipped, the precision of data is ensured. Based on the survey results, varied approaches have been seen to travel mode identification. For this study, a travel survey was conducted in Hangzhou, China, supported by the smartphone application TraceRecord integrated with online mapping services. Several steps were undertaken to recognize different kinds of travel modes. First, preprocessing was adopted to screen out defective logs. With the employment of A-Map Application Programming Interface (API), trajectory segmentation was substantially boosted. Then, separately, features related to velocity, acceleration, and heading were extracted from the survey data. To achieve better accuracy and efficacy, two classification algorithms—support vector machine (SVM) and gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT)—were applied to model the travel mode identification problem. Compared with the SVM, GBDT produced a higher prediction accuracy of 90.16%. Further analysis was implemented based on the results of the GBDT model, and velocity-related features contributed the most to the identification problem. The study explores the possibility of applying travel mode recognition in real-world conditions and discusses further mining of the survey data.
Kinematic Analysis of Lateral Meniscal Oblique Radial Tears in Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Reconstructed Knees: Untreated Versus Repair Versus Partial Meniscectomy
Authors: Smith Patrick A. , Bezold Will A. , Cook Cristi R. , Krych Aaron J. , Stuart Michael J. , Wijdicks Coen A. , Cook James L.
Published: July 2022

Background:

Lateral meniscal oblique radial tears (LMORTs) affect joint and meniscal stability in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)–deficient knees.

Purpose:

To determine the clinically relevant kinematics associated with the most common posterior horn LMORT lesion types, types 3 (LMORT3) and 4 (LMORT4), untreated versus arthroscopic repair versus partial meniscectomy in combination with ACL reconstruction (ACLR).

Study:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Sixteen cadaveric knees underwent robotic testing for anterior drawer and pivot-shift simulations at multiple knee flexion angles in ACL-intact and ACL-deficient states, followed by sequential testing of arthroscopic ACLR, LMORT3 lesion, LMORT3 repair, and partial meniscectomy (n = 8). The same testing sequence was performed for LMORT4 lesions (n = 8).

Results:

ACLR restored kinematics in ACL-deficient knees to intact levels for all metrics tested. For anterior drawer, ACLR + LMORT3 tear and partial meniscectomy resulted in significantly greater anterior translation compared with ACL-intact at all angles ( P < .05) and compared with ACLR at 60° and 90° ( P < .014). For pivot shift, compared with ACL-intact knees, ACLR + LMORT3 tear resulted in significantly more anterior translation at 15° ( P = .041); and for ACLR + partial meniscectomy, at both 0° and 15° ( P < .03). ACLR + LMORT4 tear and partial meniscectomy resulted in significantly greater anterior translation for anterior drawer ( P < .04) and pivot-shift testing ( P < .05) compared with intact and ACLR knees at all angles tested. ACLR + LMORT3 repair and ACLR + LMORT4 repair restored kinematics to ACLR and intact levels at all angles tested. ACLR + LMORT3 tear ( P < .008) and both LMORT4 tear and partial meniscectomy ( P < .05) resulted in increased meniscal extrusion compared with intact and ACLR statuses at all tested angles for anterior drawer and pivot shift, while repairs restored meniscal stability to ACLR and intact levels.

Conclusion:

Untreated LMORT tears increased anterior translation, pivot shift, and meniscal extrusion after ACLR, while partial meniscectomy further exacerbated these detrimental effects in this cadaveric model. In contrast, arthroscopic side-to-side repair of LMORT lesions effectively restored measured knee kinematics.

Clinical Relevance:

LMORT lesions are common with ACL tears and adversely affect joint stability and meniscal extrusion. This study highlights the importance of repair of LMORT 3 and 4 lesions at the time of ACLR.
Subchondral Drilling Independent of Drill Hole Number Improves Articular Cartilage Repair and Reduces Subchondral Bone Alterations Compared With Debridement in Adult Sheep
Authors: Stachel Niklas , Orth Patrick , Zurakowski David , Menger Michael D. , Laschke Matthias W. , Cucchiarini Magali , Madry Henning
Published: July 2022

Background:

Subchondral drilling is an established marrow stimulation technique for small cartilage defects, but whether drilling is required at all and if the drill hole density affects repair remains unclear.

Hypotheses:

Osteochondral repair is improved when the subchondral bone is perforated by a higher number of drill holes per unit area, and drilling is superior to defect debridement alone.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Rectangular full-thickness chondral defects (4 × 8 mm) were created in the trochlea of adult sheep (N = 16), debrided down to the subchondral bone plate without further treatment as controls (no treatment; n = 7) or treated with either 2 or 6 (n = 7 each) subchondral drill holes (diameter, 1.0 mm; depth, 10.0 mm). Osteochondral repair was assessed at 6 months postoperatively by standardized (semi-)quantitative macroscopic, histological, immunohistochemical, biochemical, and micro–computed tomography analyses.

Results:

Compared with defect debridement alone, histological overall cartilaginous repair tissue quality ( P = .025) and the macroscopic aspect of the adjacent cartilage ( P≤ .032) were improved after both drilling densities. Only drilling with 6 holes increased type 2 collagen content in the repair tissue compared with controls ( P = .038). After debridement, bone mineral density was significantly decreased in the subchondral bone plate ( P≤ .015) and the subarticular spongiosa ( P≤ .041) compared with both drilling groups. Debridement also significantly increased intralesional osteophyte sectional area compared with drilling ( P≤ .034). No other differences in osteochondral repair existed between subchondral drilling with 6 or 2 drill holes.

Conclusion:

Subchondral drilling independent of drill hole density significantly improves structural cartilage repair compared with sole defect debridement of full-thickness cartilage defects in sheep after 6 months. Subchondral drilling also leads to a better reconstitution of the subchondral bone compartment below the defects. Simultaneously, drilling reduced the formation of intralesional osteophytes caused by osseous overgrowth compared with debridement.

Clinical Relevance:

These results have important clinical implications, as they support subchondral drilling independent of drill hole number but discourage debridement alone for the treatment of small cartilage defects. Clinical studies are warranted to further quantify the effects of subchondral drilling in similar settings.
Intergroup Contact and White Racial Apathy: Findings from the National Study of Youth and Religion (NSYR)
Authors: Brown Tony N. , Bento Asia , Culver Julian , Casarez Raul S. , Duffy Horace J.
Published: July 2022

Scholars theorize racial apathy is one form contemporary white racial prejudice takes. Racial apathy signals not caring about racial inequality. Invoking intergroup contact theory, we hypothesize interracial contact would predict less racial apathy among whites. To test our hypothesis, we analyze survey data from white teenagers participating in the 2003 National Study of Youth and Religion (NSYR). We find interracial contact matters and its inclusion improves model fit over and above previously specified correlates. Specifically, interracial friendship and dating, and having a different race mentor predict the tendency to care about racial equality. Furthermore, any interracial contact and a count of interracial contact experiences across five settings, respectively, predict less racial apathy. We encourage scholars to investigate further the sociological significance of racial apathy and its correlates, including interracial contact.
Cultural divisions and time: Mapping diachronic homologies using class-specific MCA (CSA)
Authors: Hjellbrekke Johs , Jarness Vegard
Published: July 2022

In this article, we present an alternative approach to study dimensional stability and change in cultural divisions across time. Drawing on recent developments in Geometric Data Analysis (GDA), we combine the use of two distinct statistical techniques: Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) and Class Specific MCA (CSA). Specifically, the approach allows for the systematic investigation of three key aspects: (i) whether and how the dimensionality and the structure of primary axes of geometrical spaces have been stable or subject to change; (ii) how the oppositions depicted by the axes of such spaces have become weaker or stronger; and (iii), how the connection between cultural divisions and class divisions has developed over time. Our exemplary case is Norway and the data stem from five different rounds of The Culture and Media Survey, conducted by Statistics Norway between 2000 and 2016.
Comment se questionnent les pratiques d’injection ? Retours méthodologiques de terrain
Authors: Condamine-Ducreux Iris , Jauffret-Roustide Marie
Published: July 2022

Cet article propose un regard réflexif sur le recueil et la production de données quantitatives auprès de populations dites « cachées » et difficiles à atteindre, concernant l’usage de drogues par voie intraveineuse. Il s’appuie sur les observations de la passation de 152 questionnaires au cours de l’étude multidisciplinaire RESEAU. Il aborde une partie des difficultés rencontrées par l’enquêteur·trice de terrain dans la mise en place et le développement du lien de confiance avec l’enquêté·e malgré la médiation obligée de professionnel·le·s pour la mise en contact. Aussi, il présente les difficultés de positionnement du discours de l’enquêteur·trice, en tension entre distance et conseil. Cet article expose également l’existence d’un décalage entre l’explicitation technique des pratiques et l’expérience intime des usager·ère·s. Enfin, il met en lumière les difficultés de gestion des questions « délicates » et des conflits dans la relation d’enquête. Ces retours d’expérience de terrain qualitatifs au sein d’une méthode de passation de questionnaire quantitatif permettent de mettre en avant la complémentarité de ces méthodes et les apports de leur utilisation.
The Ovarian/Adnexal Reporting and Data System for Ultrasound: From Standardized Terminology to Optimal Risk Assessment and Management
Authors: Phillips Catherine H. , Guo Yang , Strachowski Loretta M. , Jha Priyanka , Reinhold Caroline , Andreotti Rochelle F.
Published: July 2022

The American College of Radiology (ACR) Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System (O-RADS) lexicon and risk assessment tool for ultrasound (US) provides a framework for characterization of ovarian and adnexal pathology with the ultimate goal of harmonizing reporting and patient management strategies. Since the first O-RADS US publication in 2018, multiple validation studies have shown O-RADS US to have excellent diagnostic accuracy, with the majority of these studies using O-RADS 4 as the optimal cut-off for detecting ovarian cancer. Most of the existing validation studies include a dedicated training phase and confirm that ORADS US categories and lexicon descriptors are associated with high level inter-read agreement, regardless of radiologist training level or practice experience. O-RADS US has a similar inter-reader agreement when compared to Gynecologic Imaging Reporting and Data System (GIRADS), Assessment of Different Neoplasias in the adnexa (ADNEX), and International Tumor Analysis Group (IOTA) simple rules. System descriptors have been shown to correlate with expected malignancy rates and the O-RADS US risk stratification system has been shown to perform in the expected range of malignancy risk per category. Further directions will focus on clarifying governing concepts and lexicon terminology as well as further refining risk stratification categories based on data from published validation studies.
Black M/Otherhood: A Content Analysis Exploring How Black Mothers Are Represented in Social Work Literature
Authors: Corley Nicole A. , Pitts Britney , Kirby Amelia
Published: July 2022

The vast range of experiences of Black mothers are not adequately captured in social work scholarship. Motivated by observations made by a 2000 article written by Greif, Hrabowski, and Maton which noted that much of social work literature on Black mothers focused on the negative, this paper describes a content analysis examining how Black mothers are represented in social work literature. The authors conducted a search in Social Work Abstracts for articles written between 2000 and 2020 that focused on Black mothers. Of the over 18,000 articles published between 2000 and 2020 in Social Work Abstracts, 32 of them met the inclusion criteria. Findings revealed that most of the social work literature on Black mothers is concentrated on some perceived form of adversity ( n = 25). The remaining articles ( n = 7) were not oriented around difficulty. Also of note, only a third of the articles ( n = 10) spoke to issues of systemic and structural oppression that impact Black mothering. As evidenced by these findings, social work literature continues to perpetuate a system of dominance that misorients the experiences of Black mothers. Fundamentally, social work literature is in dire need of more representations of Black motherhood. This paper concludes with recommendations for research related to Black mothers.
From Unwoven Societal Relationships to a Broad-Based Movement? Union Power in Societal Networks in Quebec (Canada)
Authors: Frangi Lorenzo , Masi Anthony C , Poirier Bénédicte
Published: July 2022

Power resources are embedded in societal ties. Using qualitative network analysis, our fieldwork in Quebec (Canada), based on 30 interviews and three focus groups, explored union-societal ties, their resource properties and the extent to which unions weave them into a network. We identified five different types of union-societal ties: instrumental, civil society organizations, identity-based, satellite and fishing line. These ties were mostly unwoven. Analysis of networking provides insights into how unions frame issues, identify grassroots leaders and leverage societal power resources in broad-based movements.
A review of the compressive properties of closed-cell aluminum metal foams
Authors: Nisa Sharaf U , Pandey Sunil , Pandey PM
Published: July 2022

Materials scientists and engineers have been trying to create porous metals and metal foams for many years. Naturally occurring porous materials such as bone, coral, cork, balsa wood, etc., are responsible for initiating research in the area of producing porous metals and metal foams. Metal foam is a cellular structure made up of a solid metal-containing a large volume fraction of gas-filled pores. These pores can either be sealed (closed-cell foam), or they can be an interconnected network (open-cell foam). The closed-cell foam is referred to as metal foams, while the open-cell foam is referred to simply as porous metal. Some of the key properties of the metal foam are, ultra-light material (75–95% of the volume consists of void spaces), very high porosity, and high compression strengths combined with good energy absorption characteristics. This paper provides a comprehensive review of mechanical characterizations of closed-cell aluminum metal foams (CCAFs) or porous aluminum alloys, the trends in their mechanical behavior specifically their compressive performance. The significant factors influencing this behavior are intricately studied in light of the available literature. The aim of this work is to facilitate a channelized development over the past few decades in the field of mechanical behavior of CCAF that may be of help to the researchers, academicians, and industries for the critical understanding of the failure criteria and mechanical properties of closed-cell aluminum metal foams.
Parsing ADHD With Temperament Traits
Authors: Nigg Joel T.
Published: July 2022

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common, is costly, and confers substantial risk of chronic poor outcome. It exemplifies the need to better understand variation within psychiatric conditions (heterogeneity) and co-occurrence of different conditions. In particular, ADHD’s broad clinical heterogeneity has required clarification, as subtypes for which there is consensus have not emerged. The outlook for making progress in understanding ADHD heterogeneity is promising, however, when one considers dimensions of trait affectivity, such as surgency and negative affectivity; their constituent lower-order traits, such as irritability; and the integrative function of self-regulation. Several lines of investigation focusing on ADHD and temperament traits (related to emotional regulation and dysregulation) are proving useful. Work in this area has the potential to improve theory, nosology, and clinical assessment in the future.
Exploring the Maturity of Quality Management in Saudi Healthcare: A Mixed Methods Approach
Authors: Alrashed Abeer M.
Published: July 2022

In Saudi Arabia, managing the quality of healthcare was considered decades ago. Yet, internal and external consumers were not fully in favour of management efforts and practises. The current study was initiated by quantitatively analysing patients’ complaints that pointed out weaknesses in non-clinical services, which was assumed to be an indicator of weakness in quality management (QM). A mixed-methods approach triangulated patients’ complaints with managers’ experience to cast light on the maturity level of QM. Interpretive phenomenological analysis explored managers’ knowledge of quality concepts along with their involvement in QM. The experience of 24 managers with QM was categorised into four themes: (a) misunderstanding, for example, accreditation; (b) misconception, for example, employees’ empowerment; (c) misrecognition, for example, cost of poor quality and (d) conceptuality, for example, external threats. The current findings detected immature QM systems that would hinder the employment of quality principles. Therefore, despite the efforts and resources dedicated to the implementation of quality practises, such efforts would still fall far below expectations unless managers learn how to enable employees to do their work effectively rather than instructing them to do their work in compliance with quality requirements.
Factors Facilitating or Creating Barriers to Returning to Work in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Within the First 6 Months After Treatment
Authors: Chiu Su-Erh , Cho Kuei-An , Huang Bing-Shen , Lin Chien-Yu , Chung Ching-Fang , Chang Ya-Lan , Chen Shu-Ching
Published: July 2022

Head and neck cancer (HNC) patients who are unable to return to work after completing treatment might face financial loss and reduced self-esteem. The aim of this study was to identify factors influencing a return to work in HNC cancer patients in the first 6 months after treatment. This cross-sectional study examined HNC patients who completed treatment from the outpatient radiation department of a single cancer center in northern Taiwan. Patients were assessed according to psychological distress, patient-perceived health status, barriers to returning to work, and facilitators of returning to work. Of the 106 HNC patients surveyed, 54.7% successfully returned to work. Barriers to returning to work included poor self-perception of health, greater psychological distress, and age ≥50 years. Patients who had higher psychological distress, returned to work after start of the pandemic, or received reconstruction surgery were less likely to experience a positive environment facilitating a return to work.
When Policymakers are Asked: Why and How Polarization Varies Across States
Authors: Bogenschneider Karen , Day Elizabeth , Bogenschneider Bret N.
Published: July 2022

This study brings a fresh perspective to elite polarization by examining how policymakers and party leaders interpret and respond to it. Polarization is examined through the language and lived experience of those most familiar with it—policymakers themselves. Face-to-face interviews posed qualitative and quantitative questions to 212 legislators and 13 key informants from two states that varied in polarization. Most legislators describe polarization in negative terms. Consistent with “Community Dissonance Theory,” analyses reveal differences in a legislature’s institutional culture with policymakers in the more polarized state reporting more fraying of the social fabric and fracturing of decision-making processes. Specifically, legislators report more limited opportunities to build relationships with colleagues across party lines and for the minority party to make meaningful contributions. Corroborating the “Theory of Pernicious Polarization,” polarization appears to function as a relationship-based process that leaders can use for instrumental political ends. Polarization depends on whether party leaders react to rifts in tribal, non-compromising ways and how the minority responds. Consistent with “Conditional Party Governance” theory, party leaders can contribute to dysfunctional polarization by encouraging homogeneity in their own party and polarity from the opposing party. Drawing on policymakers’ own words, states vary in whether elite polarization is dysfunctional.
Optimal control of linear fractional-order delay systems with a piecewise constant order based on a generalized fractional Chebyshev basis
Authors: Marzban H.R. , Korooyeh S. Safdariyan
Published: July 2022

This research studies optimal control of a new subclass of variable-order fractional delay systems whose its order is a piecewise constant function. This category of systems has not been discussed in the literature yet. An effective methodology based on a generalization of the fractional-order Chebyshev functions is offered for providing a solution with high level of precision. A detailed consideration regarding the convergence of the new framework is furnished. Moreover, two important estimates connected to the best approximation of the mentioned fractional basis in the Sobolev space and Hilbert space are achieved. Because direct implementation of the Riemann-Liouville integral operator (RLIP) leads to probably some serious drawbacks, such as numerical challenges, instability and unexpected oscillatory behaviour of the system under examination, a key integral operator connected to the basis under consideration is attained. The capacity and capability of the suggested numerical scheme are illustrated and verified through our numerical findings.