bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Out of Context: Using Metaphor to Encourage Creative Thinking in Strategic Management Courses
Authors: Weick Cynthia Wagner
Published: June 2003

Business strategy requires skills in thinking creatively as well as analytically. Materials commonly used in teaching strategic management—traditional texts, case analyses, and simulations—are effective at exposing students to the analytical dimensions of strategy. However, materials that foster creative thinking are scarce. This article presents an approach to teaching strategic management based on metaphors from a variety of nonbusiness realms. A reading list is described that has been developed and used successfully over the past several years in the strategic management course at University of the Pacific. Specific ways to integrate these materials into an existing curriculum are detailed.
Profiles in Leadership: Enhancing Learning Through Model and Theory Building —
Authors: Mello Jeffrey A.
Published: June 2003

In teaching and learning about leadership, instructors and students are faced with an extensive and, at times, very confusing body of literature that illustrates the complexity of the study, practice, and understanding of leadership. No single theory has been able to capture the essence of leadership and / or leadership dynamics. Students often become frustrated at the array and range of somewhat disparate and contradictory theories they encounter. Described within is an assignment that has been very successful in teaching students about leadership, situational analysis, and model and theory building. Moreover, this assignment has been one that students have found enjoyable and enlightening relative to enhancing their understanding of leadership dynamics in both their professional and personal lives.
Teaching Teams to be Teams: An Exercise Using the Myers-Briggs® Type Indicator and the Five-Factor Personality Traits —
Authors: Clinebell Sharon , Stecher Mary
Published: June 2003

This article reports results of a student-team intervention that used team members' personality assessments on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and the Five-Factor Model to enhance the team development process and engender an appreciation of the effect of different personalities on team functioning and performance. The majority of participants reported that knowledge of team members' personality types was helpful in understanding team member behavior and was used in managing team dynamics. Those teams that used extreme division of labor were more likely to respond that the personality-based intervention was not helpful in managing team dynamics.
12 Angry Men:
Authors: McCambridge Jim
Published: June 2003

This article describes the use of selected vignettes from the updated version of the film 12 Angry Men in a facilitated discussion to teach the principles of dialogue. Dialogue is a process for transforming traditional conversation—characterized by defensive routines, agendas, and ineffective listening practices—into a communication strategy that can help individuals and organizations. The exercise may be tailored for use with undergraduate and graduate students, as well as practicing managers and executives, to illustrate barriers to effective communication and decision making and to identify strategies to overcome those barriers.
Democracy, a Way of Organizing in a Knowledge Economy
Authors: Rousseau Denise M. , Rivero Andrea
Published: June 2003

This essay expands on the theme of the 2003 Academy of Management conference in Seattle: Democracy in a Knowledge Economy. A central concern is the disconnection between the expansion of democratic governments and the relatively limited facets of democracy practiced in the workplace. The knowledge economy provides the context for reexamining the role of democratic practice in the way firms are organized in consequence of expanded access to information and the comparative advantage gained by firms composed of skilled and engaged workers. This essay's goal is to promote discussion among organizational scholars, educators, and practitioners regarding the link between democracy and work life. It reflects our personal deliberations based on research, practice, and conversations with Academy members, political scientists, and organizers of electronic communities.
Broadening the Debate
Authors: Osland Joyce S.
Published: June 2003

Globalization has become an increasingly controversial topic, and the growing number of protests around the world has focused more attention on the basic assumptions of globalization and its effects. The purpose of this literature review is to broaden the boundaries of the debate on globalization and increase our understanding of its influence beyond the economic sphere. The winners and losers resulting from globalization are identified along with empirical evidence of its impact on key areas: equality, labor, government, culture and community, and the environment. The literature indicates that globalization is an uneven process that has had both positive and negative effects. The article presents some of the arguments of various stakeholders in the globalization controversy.
Emerging Strategies Against Poverty
Authors: Peredo Ana María
Published: June 2003

This is the story of a struggle for survival in the Andes. Ravaged by the excesses of nature and a brutal insurgent conflict, and more recently by inroads made by economic globalization, the Serranos (inhabitants of the Peruvian sierra) face the prospect of ever-increasing poverty and the withering away of their villages and cultural traditions. Worldwide recession, or its threat, simply magnifies the problem. Although there are no permanent solutions, purely local initiatives centering on community-organized and community-operated enterprises have produced some creative approaches. These may offer alternatives and hope to other communities, and they are the focus of this study.
Falling Off the Fence?
Authors: Barnett Michael L.
Published: June 2003

Finance's option theoretic framework has recently been extended into a prescriptive approach to corporate strategy. This “real options” approach has refocused managerial attention on the strategic value of holding flexible positions in increasingly turbulent environments. However, emerging descriptive research on real options has begun to reveal isolated examples of the problems inherent in doing so. The author embeds the real options approach within an organizational setting to gain a more general understanding of how the pursuit of firmwide flexibility can carry with it unintended consequences. Drawing broadly from organization theory, he notes how the normative implications of real options reasoning can sometimes lead to excessive flexibility that disrupts the internal operations of a firm and threatens its external legitimacy over time. He then discusses how a firm may alleviate some of these problems, allowing it to gain more of the benefits of a real options approach without suffering the pitfalls. The author concludes with a brief summary and suggestions for future research.
Cultural Socialization as a Source of Intrinsic Work Motivation
Authors: Peterson Mark F. , Ruiz-Quintanilla S. Antonio
Published: June 2003

Intrinsic motivation depends not only on innate qualities common to all people, but also on socialization into aspects of national culture that support proactive work behavior. Constructs from comparative research from the Meaning of Working project—work centrality, work goals, and societal norms—predict attitudes and aspects of performance that reflect intrinsic motivation beyond what is predicted by constructs based on traditional cognitive evaluation and job characteristics approaches to intrinsic motivation. Results predicting attitude criteria are quite similar for supervisor-level employees of local governments in the United States, Japan, and Hungary. Results predicting evaluated performance are stronger in the first two countries.
Birds of a Feather...?
Authors: Duffy Michelle K. , Ferrier Walter J.
Published: June 2003

This study explored the moderating role of subordinate-supervisor demographic dissimilarity on the relationship between supervisor behaviors and employee outcomes among a sample of middle- and upper-level managers working in Japanese-owned firms in the United States. As predicted, demographic dissimilarity moderated the relationship between supervisory behaviors and trust and organizational commitment such that the relationships were stronger under conditions of demographic dissimilarity. Implications of the results for demography research and suggestions for future research are addressed.
An Examination of the Role of Age in Mentoring Relationships
Authors: Finkelstein Lisa M. , Allen Tammy D. , Rhoton Laura A.
Published: June 2003

This study examined the role of both age and age diversity in mentorships using quantitative and qualitative methodology. Based on data from nonfaculty employees of a large university, it found that the absolute age of the protégé in mentorships influenced career mentoring provided, characteristics of the mentorship, and perceptions of mutual learning. Older protégés on average experienced less career-related mentoring, had shorter relationships, were closer in level to their mentor, and reported more mutual learning than younger protégés. Protégé age interacted with mentor age, however, such that young protégés seemed to receive similar styles of mentoring regardless of mentor age, but as protégés age increased, they reported more career and psychosocial mentoring from younger than from older mentors. The content analysis of qualitative data revealed important variables to investigate in future research on age diversity in mentorships, including perceptions of competence and respect, similarity, and interpersonal comfort.
How Self-Conception May Lead to Inequality
Authors: de Cremer David
Published: June 2003

This research examined the influence of role (leader or follower) within a group on the use of the equality rule (dividing resources equally) in allocation decisions. Different positions in the organizational hierarchy may activate different role schemas on how individuals should behave. Role schemas for leaders communicate that they should act responsibly, but also that they deserve certain privileges relevant to the allocation situation. It was predicted that leaders would allocate more resources to themselves than to their followers. The results of three studies (two scenario studies and one experimental study) revealed that leaders violated the equality rule by allocating more than a fair share of resources to themselves. Results also showed that leaders used the equality rule more for identifiable decisions (high accountability) than for unidentifiable decisions (low accountability). Findings are discussed in terms of leadership and social decision theories. Practical implications are outlined.
Environment: Evolution of a Concept
Authors: MacDonald Gordon J.
Published: June 2003

In 1950, the term environment denoted limited conditions at home or in the workplace. In the following years the concept evolved to include the complex interactions between man's activities and all components of the natural environment. The modern concept of environment encompasses ecological, economic, aesthetic, and ethical concerns. This essay describes the evolution of the concept of environment from a North American and personal point of view. The emphasis is on the political developments, primarily in the United States but also internationally, that shaped the concept.
Openness and the Environment in Central and Eastern Europe: Can Trade and Foreign Investment Stimulate Better Environmental Management in Enterprises?
Authors: Andonova Liliana B.
Published: June 2003

The article uses firm-level data to test the hypothesis that the opening of central and east European economies to international trade and capital provides an impetus for environmental improvements in industrial enterprises. The analysis reveals that although export-oriented firms adopt clean technologies faster, foreign investment is not necessarily associated with higher rates of clean-technology adoption. Moreover, even the significance of trade in promoting cleaner technology can be overshadowed by domestic factors such as regulatory enforcement. Multinational enterprises introduce more readily formal environmental management practices that respond to public pressures. These findings challenge claims that international capital and trade are likely to be the leading stimulus for clean-technology diffusion in transition countries. The analysis contributes to the political economy literature by testing the linkage between openness and firm-level environmental strategies and specifying conditions for a positive relationship between markets and environmental performance.
Privatization and Socioenvironmental Conditions in Brazil's Amazonia: Political Challenges to Neoliberal Principles
Authors: Rodrigues Maria Guadalupe Moog
Published: June 2003

Whether economic liberalization policies benefit human and environmental ecosystems remains a question. Yet, privatization is the one neoliberal policy generally regarded as positively affecting the socioenvironmental performance of highly pollutant (former) state firms. Such an assumption, however, requires further probing. It relies on analyses of firms' internal managerial and technological changes and their impacts on the productive cycle. By addressing the social and environmental impacts of privatization exclusively within the perimeter of a firm's operation, most studies neglect to evaluate how privatization has affected companies' socioenvironmental performance beyond those boundaries. The author contends that the relationship between privatization and environmental sustainability is inevitably affected by politics, and that such an intervening variable must be formally recognized. By comparing the social and environmental performance of a mining company before and after its privatization, she demonstrates how politics has affected assessments of the company's socioenvironmental impact and the claims that its privatization has benefited Amazonian socioenvironmental conditions.
Blue Skies in Beijing? Looking at the Olympic Effect
Authors: Brajer Victor , Mead Robert W.
Published: June 2003

As part of its preparations for the 2008 Summer Olympics, Beijing has undertaken significant environmental cleanup activities. These offer a potentially significant ancillary benefit—the improvements in health that result from a less polluted urban airshed. Using China-based health-effects studies, the authors project, and value in dollar figures, the number of averted deaths, hospital outpatient visits, and emergency room visits resulting from the lowered air pollution—what the authors call “the Olympic effect.” Unlike previous studies on the health effects of pollution in China, they use seasonal breakdowns to isolate the impact of seasonal variations in pollution levels and to more accurately separate out the health impacts of the different types of pollutants. Their results indicate that the Olympic effect is substantial, with a midrange value of health improvements exceeding $29 billion in 2000 dollars over the period 1999-2008.
WAIS-III Factor Index Score Patterns After Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: van der Heijden Paul , Donders Jacobus
Published: June 2003

Profile subtypes, based on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition (WAIS-III) factor index scores, were examined in a sample of 166 patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) by means of a two-stage clustering procedure. Three reliable subtypes were found that were differentiated primarily by level of performance across all factor index scores, although each of them demonstrated a relative weakness on the Processing Speed index. These subtypes were then validated on the basis of demographic variables, injury parameters, and additional psychometric measures that had not been included in the clustering procedures. The results indicated that performance on the WAIS-III after TBI was affected by both injury severity and level of education. It is concluded that there is no unique “signature” profile on the WAIS-III after TBI, except that a relative strength on the Processing Speed index is uncommon with this condition.
Refinement of the MMPI-2 F(p) Scale is Not Necessary
Authors: Arbisi Paul A. , Ben-Porath Yossef S. , McNulty John
Published: June 2003

Gass and Luis (2001) reported that four MMPI-2 Lie scale items contained on the F(p) scale do not measure symptom exaggeration but measure defensiveness. They hold that elimination of the four Lie scale items improves the utility of the F(p) scale in the identification of exaggeration in VA samples. To directly address the assertion that removal of the L scale items from the F(p) scale enhances the predictive validity of F(p), data derived from a previously published study where 74 psychiatric inpatients were asked to retake the MMPI-2 and either feign psychopathology or respond in an honest manner were reanalyzed. The intact F(p) scale demonstrated a stronger correlation with group membership, increased incremental validity, and superior classification rates compared with the F(p) scale without the 4 Lie scale items. Consequently, the F(p) refinement recommended by Gass and Luis is unnecessary.
The Diagnosis of Neurological Disorders in Older Adults
Authors: Garb Howard N. , Boyle Patricia A.
Published: June 2003

Are neurological disorders overdiagnosed in older adults? Previous reports suggest that age bias may lead to diagnostic inaccuracies for older adult clients. In the present study, the average test scores for community-dwelling 38-year-old and 74-year-old individuals were presented as the results for a 38-year-old client and a 74-year-old client, respectively. Neuropsychologists did not make diagnoses of neurological disorder or dementia for either of the clients. The results from this study indicate that age bias is not as serious a problem among neuropsychologists as many psychologists once believed.
Therapeutic Reactance in a Depressed Client Sample
Authors: Baker Kurt D. , Sullivan Hope , Marszalek Jacob M.
Published: June 2003

The impact of client variables on psychotherapy is of both theoretical and practical importance. Reactance—the premise that individuals seek to maintain control over personal freedoms when threatened by a perceived loss thereof—has been shown to have an impact on the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions. Developing an effective means of quantitatively assessing this characteristic prior to treatment could facilitate treatment planning and maximize treatment outcome. The present study compared two paper-and-pencil measures of reactance: the Therapeutic Reactance Scale (TRS) and Resistance Potential (RP). Ninety-eight men and women diagnosed with depression completed both measures. The TRS and RP failed to correlate despite their presumed ability to measure the same construct. The RP exhibited extremely poor internal consistency, calling into question results that have been based on this measure. The TRS results provided evidence of convergent, divergent, and construct validity for this instrument.
The Antisocial Process Screening Device
Authors: Vitacco Michael J. , Rogers Richard , Neumann Craig S.
Published: June 2003

The clinical assessment of psychopathy in adulthood is well established via programmatic research. More recently, psychopathy has been extended to children and adolescents with correlates to maladaptive personality traits, violent behavior, and noncompliance with institutional rules. To screen for adolescent psychopathy, the Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD) was developed as a 20-item self-report measure of psychopathy. The original validation of the APSD was limited to samples of clinic-referred and community-based children. In extending this research to delinquent populations, the current article uses two separate samples of adolescent offenders incarcerated in a maximum security facility (n = 78) and a local juvenile detention facility (n = 77). As evidence of criterion-related validity, the APSD was compared with two versions of the Psychopathy Checklist that yielded mixed results. Construct validity was examined via a confirmatory factor analysis that provided support for a three-factor model of the APSD.
Scoring Reliability on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition (WAIS-III)
Authors: Ryan Joseph J. , Schnakenberg-Ott Summer D.
Published: June 2003

Nineteen psychologists and 19 graduate students scored two Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition patient protocols. Mean IQs and indexes were similar across groups, but the ranges for Verbal IQ (VIQ), Performance IQ (PIQ), and Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) on one protocol were 25, 22, and 11 points, respectively. For both protocols taken together, percentages of agreement with the “actual” IQs for psychologists were only 26.3 for VIQ, 36.8 for PIQ, and 42.1 for FSIQ. For students, percentages were 15.8 for VIQ, 23.7 for PIQ, and 31.6 for FSIQ. The percentages of FSIQs that fell within ± 1 standard error of measurement of the actual IQs were 89.5 for psychologists and 76.3 for students. Scoring error also had a negative impact on index scores. Both groups were confident about their scoring accuracy.
Detection of Feigned Mental Disorders
Authors: Rogers Richard , Sewell Kenneth W. , Martin Mary A. , Vitacco Michael J.
Published: June 2003

The validity of test data from multiscale inventories is dependent on self-reports that may be easily distorted by malingering. In examining the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2's (MMPI-2) role in the assessment of feigning, this review provides a conceptual analysis of the detection strategies underlying the MMPI-2 validity scales. The conceptual analysis is augmented by comprehensive meta-analysis of 65 MMPI-2 feigning studies plus 11 MMPI-2 diagnostic studies. For the rare-symptoms strategy, Fp (Cohen's d = 2.02) appears especially effective across diagnostic groups; its cut scores evidence greater consistency than most validity indicators. The data supported the F as an effective scale but questioned the routine use of Fb. Among the specialized scales, Ds appeared especially useful because of its sophisticated strategy, consistent cut score, and minimal false-positives. General guidelines are offered for specific MMPI-2 validity scales in the assessment of malingering with specific diagnoses.
The Abbreviated Math Anxiety Scale (AMAS)
Authors: Hopko Derek R. , Mahadevan Rajan , Bare Robert L. , Hunt Melissa K.
Published: June 2003

Psychometric properties of mathematics anxiety measures have not adequately been studied. Using a large sample size (N = 1,239), the authors developed an abbreviated math anxiety measure, examined its psychometric properties, and assessed the generalizability of the model across samples. Exploratory factor analysis yielded a nine-item measure and strong internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and good convergent/divergent validity was demonstrated with an independent sample. When administered to a replication sample, indexes suggested an excellent model fit. The Abbreviated Math Anxiety Scale (AMAS) may represent a more parsimonious and valid approach to assess mathematics anxiety.
Characterizing Aggressive Behavior
Authors: Stanford Matthew S. , Houston Rebecca J. , Mathias Charles W. , Villemarette-Pittman Nicole R. , Helfritz Laura E. , Conklin Sarah M.
Published: June 2003

In the research literature, aggressive behavior has traditionally been classified into two distinct subtypes, impulsive or premeditated. Impulsive aggression is defined as a hair-trigger aggressive response to provocation with loss of behavioral control. Premeditated aggression is defined as a planned or conscious aggressive act, not spontaneous or related to an agitated state. The present study outlines the development of a clinically useful self-report instrument, the Impulsive/Premeditated Aggression Scales (IPAS), designed to characterize aggressive behavior as predominately impulsive or predominately premeditated in nature. The IPAS showed strong reliability and validity. Analysis of the IPAS scores demonstrated the presence of two types of aggressive behavior, impulsive and premeditated, in men referred for anger problems. The aggression of most individuals in the present sample was characterized as predominately impulsive in nature (90%).
Incremental Validity of the MMPI-A Content Scales in a Residential Treatment Facility
Authors: Forbey Johnathan D. , Ben-Porath Yossef S.
Published: June 2003

The current study explores the incremental validity of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory—Adolescent (MMPI-A) content scales. Participants were 335 adolescents (250 boys and 85 girls) between the ages of 13 and 18 who were receiving mental health services from a residential treatment facility. Regression analyses were conducted to identify the amount of additional variance accounted for by the content scales over the clinical scales in predicting scores on a clinician rating form of psychological symptomatology. Several of the MMPI-A content scales demonstrated significant incremental validity above the clinical scales in predicting clinician ratings of adolescents' behavior and personality characteristics. The clinical scales also demonstrated incremental validity in reference to the content scales, indicating then that the two sets of scales provide complementary information. Magnitude of the additional criterion variance predicted was modest.
Physical Activity Characteristics of Potential Participants in Nutrition and Fitness Programs Based on Stages of Change, Self‐Efficacy, and Decisional Balance
Authors: Cox Ruby H. , Stimpson Tara S. , Poole Kathleen P. , Lambur Michael T.
Published: June 2003

The objective of this study was to characterize potential participants of nutrition/fitness programs regarding demographics, stages of change, self‐efficacy, and decisional balance for physical activity. A cross‐sectional, mailed questionnaire was used. Participants included 545 adults randomly selected from Virginia Cooperative Extension mailing lists, with 213 questionnaires returned (response rate = 39%). Respondents were grouped by stages of change for physical activity and compared on demographics, self‐efficacy, and decisional balance using frequencies, correlations, t tests, ANOVA, and Tukey's post hoc test. Reported physical activity rate was higher than in other studies. Stage of change was positively associated with education, self‐efficacy, and decisional balance. Physical activity characteristics were positively associated with educational level. Authors concluded that a mailed questionnaire is a feasible means of collecting pre‐intervention, physical activity data for designing educational programs.
Price as Hedonic Shopping
Authors: Jin Byoungho , Sternquist Brenda , Koh Aeran
Published: June 2003

Consumers react differently to price. The purpose of this study was to determine if price acts as a multidimensional cue for Korean students and to determine how this cue is related to hedonic shopping value. Some consumers view high price as a cue to their economic status; others seek out bargains and like to share this information with friends. Two product classes, clothing and durable goods, were used in this study. Price mavenism, a negative price cue, was significantly related to hedonic shopping value for both categories of goods. Value consciousness was also positively related to hedonic shopping for both groups. In the case of clothing, prestige sensitivity was positively related to sale proneness but was negatively related to hedonism. For durables, value consciousness had a positive relationship with hedonism, whereas sale proneness and price consciousness were negatively associated with hedonism.
Deterrents to Participation in Parenting Education
Authors: Johnson Debora C. , Harrison Betty C. , Burnett Michael F. , Emerson Peter
Published: June 2003

The purpose of this study was to determine the deterrents to participation by adults in parenting education programs. The objectives were (a) to describe parents with children in selected day care facilities on selected sociodemographic characteristics, (b) to determine factors that deterred those parents from participating in parenting education, and (c) to determine if there was a relationship between selected sociodemographic characteristics and the parents' participation in parenting education programs. A simple random sample of parents was drawn from the accessible population. Factor analysis revealed five factors that deterred this population from participating in parenting education: Lack of Confidence, Lack of Course Relevance, Personal Problems, Situational Barriers, and Time. Correlation coefficients and mean differences revealed a significant relationship between factors and specific sociodemographic variables.
Comparative Analysis between Recycled and Newly Manufactured Carpets
Authors: Watson Stephanie A. , Warnock Mary M.
Published: June 2003

Because of society's push to recycle plastics, to examine degradation properties of landfill items, and to use “green” materials in the interior design area, carpets must be investigated to these issues. This study examined the physical characteristics plus appearance retention factors associated with recycled nylon and polyester carpets as compared to newly manufactured carpets following testing using the Tetrapod Walker and soiling. Statistical design of project was completely randomized with a 2 × 2 × 3 (Carpet Type × Method × Test Group) factorial structure. ANOVA and MANOVA were followed by a protected LSD program at 5% for mean separation. The results of this study show that the recycled polyester carpet is a viable choice by interior designers and consumers because it, as compared to the other carpet types, exhibited less color change, maintained original tufts per inch2, and experienced a greater percent compression and recovery of yarn structures due to Tetrapod Walker use and soiling.
The Unstructured Interactive Interview: Issues of Reciprocity and Risks when Dealing with Sensitive Topics
Authors: Corbin Juliet , Morse Janice M.
Published: June 2003

Qualitative research using unstructured interviews is frequently reviewed by institutional review boards using criteria developed for biomedical research. Unlike biomedical studies, unstructured interactive interviews provide participants considerable control over the interview process, thereby creating a different risk profile. This article examines the interview process and literature for evidence of benefit and harm. Although there is evidence that qualitative interviews may cause some emotional distress, there is no indication that this distress is any greater than in everyday life or that it requires follow-up counseling, although the authors acknowledge distress is always a possibility. Essential to preventing participant distress is the researcher's interviewing skills and a code of ethics. When research is conducted with sensitivity and guided by ethics, it becomes a process with benefits to both participants and researchers. The authors conclude that qualitative research using unstructured interviews poses no greater risk than everyday life and expedited reviews are sufficient.
Inhabited Silences: In Pursuit of a Muffled Subtext
Authors: Mazzei Lisa A.
Published: June 2003

In the conversations in which qualitative researchers engage, silences often occur, particularly when researchers pursue issues of race and culture in education. The author proposes that qualitative researchers not dismiss silence as an omission or absence of empirical materials but rather engage the silences as meaningful and purposeful. To do so, the author attempts to call attention to what has been absent in an analysis of conversations with research participants—namely, silence. Specifically, this text presents a poetic understanding of silence out of which researchers may explore the significance of silences present in the conversations of discourse-based research.
The Academic Tourist: An Autoethnography
Authors: Pelias Ronald J.
Published: June 2003

The essay argues that academics, similar to tourists, often only manage to get to the surface of any area of inquiry they pursue, in part because of the nature of what constitutes full understanding and in part because of the habits of academic life. Written in an autoethnographic style, the essay offers a sociology of the academy through descriptive details. It invites emotional identification.
Believing Clayboy
Authors: VanderStaay Steven L.
Published: June 2003

This article demonstrates that research findings may arise out of difference, difficulty, methodological clumsiness, and the kind of rich disequilibrium that masks itself as failure. The article tells the story of a problematic case study of Clayboy, a teenage cocaine dealer who fails to narrate as the author expects him to. Pushed to interpretive selfreflection by his many failures, the author learns to put aside received knowledge of narrative, delinquency, and violence and to attend instead to the internal logic of Clayboy's narrative practices. The article's concluding reflections reframe research as a kind of learning, thereby affirming the value of tenacity, the feasibility of crossing paradigms, and the possibility of finding insight in error.
Transformational Elite Interviews: Principles and Problems
Authors: Kezar Adrianna
Published: June 2003

The purpose of this article is to relate feminist and narrative traditions with the elite interviewing method, an important missing link. The author describes the evolution of the elite interviewing tradition and reviews feminist interviewing and narrative inquiry as points of departure for rethinking this methodology. In the last section of the article, the author presents a set of principles for conducting transformational elite interviews and describes a set of problems or issues that researchers using this proposed approach might reflect on.
(Re) Visioning the Ethnographic Site: Interpretive Ethnography as a Method of Pedagogical Reflexivity and Scholarly Production
Authors: Alexander Bryant Keith
Published: June 2003

This article uses and advocates the use of interpretive ethnography as a method of pedagogical reflexivity and scholarly production. Specifically, it seeks to further the discussion of the classroom as a cultural site that places the teacher as both participant and observer in the intense cultural negotiation of lived experience, curriculum, and politics of education. Using the constructive metaphor of pedagogy as drag, the project also suggests that similar to drag (and the performance of gender), pedagogy is about what teachers reveal and what they conceal in the classroom and why. To that extent, the article uses a series of reflective poetic excursions on the nature and experience of viewing and discussing the performance of drag. These excursions take the author away from the formal construct of the classroom but always bring him back to the constructed nature of pedagogy as drag, blurring the boundaries between place and space.
“Flirting with Boundaries”: A Professor's Narrative Tale Contemplating Research of the Wild Side
Authors: May Reuben A. Buford
Published: June 2003

This narrative explores some of the boundaries that ethnographers may encounter as they contemplate the viability of studying their own behavior in risqué social settings. The author examines his personal journal entries written about his participation in the downtown college party scene—the wild side—in Athens, Georgia, for ways that his professional identity, race, gender, age, sexuality, and marital status place him in a precarious professional position. His statuses negate the viability of formally studying college students' social behavior because his own behavior as a participant-observer would flirt with, rub against, or cross social, administrative, or legal boundaries. The author concludes that ethnographers' narratives expose human vulnerabilities, but it is these vulnerabilities that give the narratives their richness for explaining the workings of broader society.
Love in the Time of Dissertations: An Ethnographic Tale
Authors: Ajwang' Robert O. , Edmondson Laura
Published: June 2003

Robert Ajwang', a dancer and musician from Tanzania, collaborated with theatre scholar Laura Edmondson on a performance text that addresses ethnography and desire. Edmondson spent 16 months in 1996 and 1997 on the Swahili coast doing research on Tanzanian popular theatre. During that time, Ajwang' served as her research assistant; they eventually married in 1999. The performance text, which culls together excerpts from Edmondson's publications, Ajwang”s choreography, videotape, audience address, and dialogue, suggests that ethnographic intimacy foregrounds cultural difference rather than erases it. Edmondson prefaces the edited performance text with a discussion of the theoretical issues that informed their collaboration; Ajwang' concludes with an explanation of how he would reshape the play for an audience of Tanzanians.
The Ancestor Syndrome
Authors: Esgalhado Barbara Duarte
Published: June 2003

In this article, the author uses the autoethnographic process to study the significance of dislocation for herself, her family, and the Portuguese in and through writing and the making of visual work. She contends that the dislocation and its significance emerge in and through the very process of making the work. By describing this process and by examining what emerges in and through it, she attempts to create an account of the inter-relationship among personal, familial, and social-historical circumstances in the formulation of subjectivity.
Phoenix and the Leaders: The Transformation of an Academic Health System-Based Home Care Provider
Authors: Scott Linda S.
Published: June 2003

The Phoenix is the story of Johns Hopkins Home Care Group (JHHCG). This multiservice home care program, in operation since 1983, has undergone radical change in the past few years. This article focuses on the role of the leadership team in designing goals, setting priorities, and supporting communication to create the inspiration and focus that breed success. Detailed are the specifics of this provider's market, history, structure, and goals. Home health care for adult and pediatric patients, home medical equipment including clinical respiratory care, infusion pharmacy, ambulatory pharmacy, and hospice service are the service lines offered at the JHHCG. Readers can glean how leadership planned structure and process to achieve desired outcomes.
Caring for Patients in an Inner-City Home Hospice: Challenges and Rewards
Authors: Morss Sydney , Reder Elizabeth A. , McHale Jean M. , Clayton Teri R. , Silva Caroline
Published: June 2003

This article describes the work of the Johns Hopkins Home Hospice, with a focus on the inner-city patients who make up much of its population. Through interdisciplinary teamwork, the hospice strives to provide these patients with the same high-quality end-of-life care as those in more affluent areas receive. Particular care challenges in the inner city include finding staff members and volunteers who are comfortable working in this environment and ensuring their safety and working with families that may have limited resources. Nurses, physicians, and aides may have to work to overcome barriers to pain management and caregiving. Volunteers often play a special role in caring and companionship. Social workers may need to overcome negative perceptions of the social work role and be accepting of different views of support networks. Spiritual caregivers need to work in the patients' cultural context, and bereavement coordinators often deal with disenfranchised grief and multiple losses.
The Model Home Care Team
Authors: Frock Andrea H. , Barnes Patricia A.
Published: June 2003

The homebound elderly have multifaceted problems, and our culture will be challenged to make a tremendous shift to adapt to their needs. This population will require an increasing number of health care providers who distinguish between the normal and abnormal changes associated with aging. The model home care team would consist of practitioners who are skilled in just this manner. Team members would address the chronic illnesses associated with the elderly and function much as interdisciplinary teams do in other settings. Regular and effective care coordination and case communication do not have to be fantasies in the setting of home health care, as evidenced by the success of the Johns Hopkins Home Care Group Geriatric Team. To match its success, home care agencies must organize their teams to encourage regular, ongoing multidisciplinary meetings. These meetings increase immediate attention to current issues and ineffective portions of treatment plans, reducing the cost of providing high-quality care.
The Expanded Role for Rehabilitation in Home Care
Authors: Barnes Patricia A. , Frock Andrea H.
Published: June 2003

Disability and aging force most of us to recognize limitations created by declining physical, economic, and mental health. The curtailment of activity that usually accompanies declining health may lead to involuntary withdrawal from once familiar and comfortable activities, resulting in further decline and depression. It is in the patient's home that we as therapists can directly affect physical deterioration and function. Rehabilitation professionals can and should provide a key role in assisting those who are disabled to maintain the highest quality of life possible regardless of diagnosis. Home health agencies must consider treatment options that have traditionally been a part of therapist practice in hospitals, outpatient clinics, and skilled nursing facilities as well as the use of therapists in the role of case manager. By maximizing the practice of their therapists, agencies may reduce the cost of providing care to their patients by reducing unnecessary visits by other disciplines. Thus, agencies would provide more efficient care to their patients while maximizing their reimbursement.
From Chaos to Consistency: The Implementation of Wound Treatment TIERS in Home Care
Authors: Pasternak Nancy Stern , Rau Lou Ann L. , Hensley Brenda J.
Published: June 2003

The advent of the Prospective Payment System challenged Johns Hopkins Home Care Group (JHHCG) to develop a more effective way to care for patients with wounds while creating quality patient outcomes. A work group was organized to standardize the wound care procedures and products throughout the agency. This group facilitated the development of wound care pathways and TIERS. The pathway outlines the content for each skilled visit, and the TIERS produced initial dressing recommendations and suggested dressing change frequency based on wound condition. Although the TIERS were developed for pressure ulcers, venous status ulcers, and surgical wounds, only the surgical pathways and TIERS are discussed in detail in this article. Extensive inservice education was provided to all clinical staff members in conjunction with the implementation of this innovative approach to wound care. The development of the wound TEIRS and pathways has dramatically changed JHHCG's traditional approach to wound care.
Wound Care, Prospective Payment System, and the Wound Ostomy Continence Nurse
Authors: Garner Lidia Maria
Published: June 2003

The advent of the Prospective Payment System (PPS) caused the management of Johns Hopkins Home Care Group (JHHCG) to create new strategies for wound care. JHHCG estimated that approximately 25% of home care referrals involved wound management. Among these strategies included the role development of the wound ostomy continence nurse (WOCN). This role included project planning, organizing, implementing, and evaluation as well as direct patient care and clinical consultation. Other strategies that have been discussed in a previous article included the development of wound care TIERS and pathways. Wound Care 2000 education was conducted agency-wide for all clinical staff members and included detailed instruction in the use of the wound TIERS. A wound product vendor fair was included to provide clinical staff members with familiarity of wound care products. Outcome Based Quality Improvement (OBQI) activities at JHHCG have included wound care, particularly surgical wounds, as an initial project.
Compromised Infant Pathway
Authors: Fritzinger Dixie , Winemiller Lee A. , LaPlante Michelle C.
Published: June 2003

Early discharge of very low birth weight infants has been shown to have positive outcomes when a specialized home care team is involved. The development of the compromised infant pathway started from a need for earlier discharges from the neonatal intensive care unit at Johns Hopkins Hospital. During a state survey in 1997, a suggestion was offered to create a more consistent care-planning process for these early discharge infants. Revisions were made during the following year to be more in compliance with state and federal standards. Nursing needs are determined at time of referral, as well as therapy needs. Infants that need rehabilitation only are still admitted under the compromised infant pathway. The case study illustrated such an infant, who required ongoing therapy services with intermittent skilled nursing. Since the implementation of the pathway, the referral sources are satisfied the infants are being smoothly transitioned to outpatient services.
Johns Hopkins Pediatrics at Home: Asthma Critical Pathway
Authors: Parsons Evelyn L.
Published: June 2003

The rise of chronic illnesses, such as asthma, in the inner city indicates a need to assess residences for asthma triggers and to provide education on the management of asthma symptoms to the child, caregiver, and family. Through the use of the asthma critical pathway at Johns Hopkins Pediatrics at Home, the assessment, teaching, and follow-up are accomplished. The purpose of this article is to explain why this type of home visit is needed and to present what needs to be included in such a program for organized reimbursable home care visits.
The Value Problem in Ecological Economics
Authors: Burkett Paul
Published: June 2003

Perhaps the most vexing question in ecological economics is whether nature is a direct source and/or substance of value. One group ascribes value directly to natural resources and argues that monetary exchange values (prices and profits) largely or fully represent the values extracted from nature. Another group focuses on nature as an objective condition or basis for value defined as psychic income or “enjoyment of life.” This article applies Marx's critique of the Physiocrats to this contemporary debate. It is suggested that both groups of ecological economists do not adequately consider the relations between use value and capitalist valuation. As a result, both are fundamentally uncritical toward market forms of nature valuation and fail to distinguish between environmental crises of capitalist reproduction and capitalistically induced crises in the natural conditions of human development. Marx's dialectical approach to nature, value, and use value provides a potential way out of this impasse.
Myths of the Market
Authors: Perelman Michael
Published: June 2003

Adam Smith's farmworker paradox reflects the fact that those who do the most essential work in society earn the least, just as his diamonds and water paradox revolves around the low valuation that markets place on essential resources. This article explores the perverse economic logic that leaves markets to run roughshod over both humanity and nature. It also explores how economists either attempted to come to grips with or, more commonly, sought to either avoid or justify this phenomenon.