bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The advanced imaging-guided approach to acute ischemic stroke in the extended reperfusion time window
Authors: Lim Andy , Senanayake Channa , Clissold Benjamin , Phan Thanh , Ma Henry
Published: June 2021

Evaluation and treatment of acute ischemic stroke has undergone significant advancement since the 1990s, when acute systemic reperfusion with intravenous alteplase became the first approved method for achieving reperfusion. Until recently, 4.5 h after stroke onset appeared to be the maximum time window in which positive results from thrombolysis can be achieved. However, the advent of advanced imaging modalities, including multimodal magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography perfusion has allowed clinicians to refine the evaluation of these patients by delineating areas of infarcted tissue, areas of potentially salvageable tissue given timely reperfusion, and areas of benign oligemia. Early work in extending the time window beyond this historical limit of 4.5 h has culminated in four positive trials that demonstrate the benefit of acute mechanical or systemic reperfusion therapy in an extended time window of up to 24 h, using advanced imaging criteria for patient selection. The implications of the success of advanced imaging suggest use of these modalities for disposition decisions and selection of greater numbers of patients for reperfusion but add complexity to individual patient evaluation. Despite this, many questions remain unanswered, including the best choice of thrombolysis agent, whether we can extend the time window further to 24 h, and the optimal combination of mechanical thrombectomy and bridging therapy in the late time window in patients with or without large vessel occlusion.
Conflicts in the Middle East: prospects for escalation in the context of general regional instability in the 2020s
Authors: Malashenko A.
Published: June 2021

The article analyses Middle Eastern conflicts in the early 2020s. The main focus is on the situation in Syria, Libya, and Yemen, three Middle Eastern conflicts that are progressing, with no solution in sight. These conflicts motivated by social, economic and political reasons became a progression of those protests that have started in 2011 and have been called “The Arab Spring”. These “revolutions” have been promoted by Islamist movements and groups whose activity became one of key factors of perpetual tensions in the region. So far, attempts by conflict parties to find consensual solutions have remained rather unsuccessful. Positive resolution of actual and potential conflicts in the Greater Middle East to a significant extent still depends on external regional and non-regional actors, such as Russia, Turkey, Iran, and the United States. However, each actor involved in these conflicts and in conflict management pursues its own goals. These actors try to retain their positions and influence in these Middle Eastern countries and in the region as a whole. According to the forecast made in the article, more conflicts in the region may be foreseen (in Iraq, the Persian Gulf states etc.) that could form the next wave of the “Arab Spring”.
Russia’s reaction to the revolution in Belarus
Authors: Suzdaltsev A.
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes the role of the Russian policy, President and Ministry of Foreign Affairs in trying to find a way out of the Belarusian political crisis and to preserve the political stability in the Republic of Belarus. The key drivers for the protest voting during the August 9, 2020 presidential elections are analyzed, as well as the role of Russia-Belarus integration as a factor influencing attitudes of the Belarusian electorate. Moscow’s reaction to the anti-Russian presidential campaign of Alexander Lukashenko and reasons why Russia recognized the results of voting on 9 August 2020 are explored. Efforts by Russian authorities to promote the constitutional reform in Belarus are addressed. The article also analyses a specter of views of the Russian researchers on the Belarus-Russia relations.
Post-election crisis in Myanmar
Authors: Efremova K.
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes the current political situation in Myanmar where the military came back to power in February 2021. The legality of introducing the state of emergency by the military and of transferring the state power to the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services Senior General Min Aung Hlaing is addressed. The situation in Myanmar is also compared with the neighbouring Thailand where military takeovers have become a political routine. The difference between Myanmar’s and Thailand’s coups and their perceptions by the international community is highlighted. The “Daw Aung San Suu Kyi factor” and the political-information campaign against Myanmar in global mass media are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the U.S. policy towards Myanmar as a country that is strategically located at the coast of the Bay of Bengal. The role of U.S.-based charity funds and social networks in organizing mass protests in Myanmar, in reaction to the state of emergency declared by the military, is explored. The Civil Disobedience Movement’s actions, goals and practical results are discussed. Finally, the article outlines scenarios of future developments and focuses on the key role of Myanmar’s military (the Tatmadaw) in peaceful solution of the post-election political crisis in Myanmar.
Pemisahan anomali regional-residual data gayaberat daerah Karangsambung Jawa Tengah menggunakan metode trend surface analysis
Authors: Damayanti Ledia , Rasimeng Syamsurijal , Dani Ilham
Published: June 2021

Pemisahan anomali regional-residual pada metode gravitasi di daerah Karang Sambung Jawa Tengah menggunakan metode tren surface analysis. Pemisahan daerah ini dibuat dengan menggunakan bahasa program Matlab dan kemudian dibuat penampangnya dalam software Surfer. Interpretasi kualitatif dilakukan dengan mengamati data gayaberat berupa anomali Bouguer. Sedangkan Interpretasi kuantitatif dilakukan untuk memahami lebih dalam hasil interpretasi kualitatif dengan membuat penampang gayaberat pada peta kontur anomali. Berdasarkan hasil analisis spektrum hasil penapisan dengan lebar jendela 23x23 km didapatkan peta anomali regional. Nilai anomali residual yang didapat berkisar antara -45 sampai 30 mGal yang menunjukkan pola anomali negatif hingga positif. Anomali negatif berkisar antara -45 sampai -10 mGal, sedangkan anomali positif berkisar antara 0 sampai 30 mGal.
Efficacy Analysis of Panchromatic New Copper Complex for Visible Light (455, 530 nm) Radical/Cationic Photopolymerization: The Synergic Effects and Catalytic Cycle
Authors: Lin Jui-Teng , Lalevee Jacques , Cheng Da-Chun
Published: June 2021

. This article presents, for the first time, the kinetics and the general conversion features of a 3-component system (A/B/N), based on proposed mechanism of Mau et al, for both free radical polymerization (FRP) of acrylates and the free radical promoted cationic polymerization (CP) of epoxides using various new copper complex (G2) as the initiator. Higher FRP and CP conversion can be achieved by co-additive of [B] and N, via the dual function of (i) regeneration [A], and (ii) generation of extra radicals. The FRP and CP conversion efficacy (CE) are proportional to the nonlinear power of bI[A][B], where b and I are the effective absorption coefficient and the light intensity, respectively. In the interpenetrated polymer network (IPN) capable of initiating both FRP and CP in a blend of TMPTA and EPOX, (as the monomer for FRP and CP, respectively), the synergic effects due to CP include:: (i) CP can increase viscosity limiting the diffusional oxygen replenishment, such that oxygen inhibition effects are reduced; (ii) the cationic monomer also acts as a diluting agent for the IPN network , and (iii) the exothermic property of the CP. Many new findings are explored via our analytical formuals include: (i) the CE of FRP is about twice of the CE of CP, due to the extra radicals involved in FRP; (ii) the catalytic cycle enhancing the efficacy is mainly due to the regenaration of the initiator, and (iii) the nonlinear dependence of light intensity of the CE (in both FRP and CP). For the first time, the catalytic cycle, synergic effects, and the oxygen inhibition are theoretically confirmed to support the experimental hypothesis. The measured results of Mau et al are well analyzed and matching the predicted features of our modeling. .
Evaluating Farmer Attitudes and Knowledge on Reducing Antimicrobial Use in Dairy and Sheep Farms in New Zealand
Authors: Moono Peter , Fruean Skye N , McCorkindale Debra , Bryan Mark A
Published: June 2021

This work examines dairy and sheep farmer attitudes toward antimicrobial use (AMU) in New Zealand. There is increasing public demand on livestock producers to reduce AMU in livestock. The demand stems from concerns about potential antimicrobial resistance (AMR) that could originate from food animals. There is limited practical data on farmer knowledge of AMU. An electronic survey was sent to dairy (n= 378) and sheep farmers (n= 551). Seventy-six dairy farmers (20%, n=76/378) returned the survey. Dairy farmers (69%) showed low levels of concern about antimicrobial resistance and awareness of the need to reduce AMU. Additionally, 76% of dairy farmers didn’t think it was possible to reduce AMU. Thirty-nine sheep farmers (7%, 39/551) returned the survey. 76% of sheep farmers were supportive of restricted use of AMU. The dairy and sheep farmers sourced most of the advice from veterinarians (>90%), the livestock industry (>80%) and their colleagues (>70%). This study shows that farmers showed varied concerns about AMR and AMU. Moreover, sheep farmers were more amenable to increased restriction on AMU than dairy farmers. This study suggests that knowledge gaps in farmers may best be filled by veterinarian input.
Survey and Performance Analysis of Object Detection in Challenging Environments
Authors: Ahmed Muhammad , Hashmi Khurram Azeem , Pagani Alain , Liwicki Marcus , Stricker Didier , Afzal Muhammad Zeshan
Published: June 2021

Recent progress in deep learning has led to accurate and efficient generic object detection networks. Training of highly reliable models depends on large datasets with highly textured and rich images. However, in real-world scenarios, the performance of the generic object detection system decreases when (i) occlusions hide the objects, (ii) objects are present in low-light images, or (iii) they are merged with background information. In this paper, we refer to all these situations as challenging environments. With the recent rapid development in generic object detection algorithms, notable progress has been observed in the field of object detection in challenging environments. However, there is no consolidated reference to cover state-of-the-art in this domain. To the best of our knowledge, this paper presents the first comprehensive overview, covering recent approaches that have tackled the problem of object detection in challenging environments. Furthermore, we present the quantitative and qualitative performance analysis of these approaches and discuss the currently available challenging datasets. Moreover, this paper investigates the performance of current state-of-the-art generic object detection algorithms by benchmarking results on the three well-known challenging datasets. Finally, we highlight several current shortcomings and outline future directions.
Lower-Extremity Segment-Length Prediction Accuracy of the Sanders Multiplier, Paley Multiplier, and White-Menelaus Formula
Authors: Birch John G. , Makarov Marina R. , Sanders James O. , Podeszwa David A. , Honcharuk Erin M. , Esparza Melissa , Tran Elaine Y. , Jo Chan-Hee , Rodgers Jennifer A.
Published: June 2021

Background:

Several methods are available to estimate leg lengths at maturity to facilitate the determination of timing of epiphysiodesis. We compared the Paley multiplier, Sanders multiplier, and White-Menelaus methods in an epiphysiodesis-aged cohort. We assessed intra- and interrater reliability for Sanders skeletal stages and Greulich and Pyle atlas skeletal age.

Methods:

Actual growth was recorded in healthy, unoperated femoral and tibial segments from an epiphysiodesis database. The predicted and actual lengths were compared with use of the Paley multiplier and White-Menelaus methods, Greulich and Pyle skeletal age, and the Sanders multiplier using Sanders stages. Intra- and interrater reliability were assessed in a separate group of 76 skeletal age films.

Results:

The cohort included 148 femora and 195 tibiae in 197 patients. Femoral length at maturity was slightly underestimated by the Sanders multiplier and staging, was overestimated by the Paley multiplier and skeletal age, and was most accurately predicted with use of the White-Menelaus formula and skeletal age. All methods overestimated tibial length at maturity. The whole-leg prediction accuracy of the Sanders multiplier and White-Menelaus formula were comparable and were more accurate than that of the Paley multiplier. For Sanders skeletal staging, the interrater reliability varied from 0.86 to 0.88 and the intrarater reliability varied from 0.87 to 0.96. For Greulich and Pyle skeletal age, the interrater reliability varied from 0.87 to 0.89 and the intrarater reliability varied from 0.91 to 0.95.

Conclusions:

Use of the Sanders multiplier and skeletal stages was more accurate than the Paley multiplier and skeletal age in this cohort. Use of the White-Menelaus formula and skeletal age was slightly more accurate in predicting femoral length and slightly less accurate in predicting tibial length compared with the Sanders multiplier. Intra- and interrater reliability were similar between Sanders skeletal stages and Greulich and Pyle atlas skeletal age. The White-Menelaus formula and skeletal age was the recommended method for predicting lower-extremity segment lengths at maturity and epiphysiodesis effect. Although easier to recall without referencing an atlas and not sex-specific, Sanders skeletal staging does not correspond directly to years of growth remaining, and thus cannot be used with the White-Menelaus formula.

Clinical Relevance:

The Greulich and Pyle atlas to determine skeletal age and the White-Menelaus formula to determine growth remaining are reliable predictors of epiphysiodesis effect in the lower extremities.
Pelatihan Daring Penulisan Artikel Ilmiah Bagi Guru Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Negeri 1 Sidoarjo
Authors: Hasanah Fitria Nur , Megawati Fika , Shofiyah Noly , Jannah Miftahul , Rindiani Rindiani
Published: June 2021

As a professional teacher must have various abilities, one of the ability to write scientific papers in the form of scientific articles. By writing scientific papers, in addition to getting a promotion, position and class, will be used as a benchmark of success and to demonstrate professionalism. Departing from the problems at the partner school, the purpose of this training activity is to improve teachers' understanding and ability to write scientific articles that are in accordance with the journal template. The target of this activity is teachers at SMK N 1 Sidoarjo. The methods used in this training are lecture, question and answer, mentoring to write scientific articles, and citing references. Based on the results of the pre-test and post-test conducted during the training showed that there was an increase in knowledge about writing scientific articles. Increasing the percentage of knowledge about the article component by 46%, increasing the ethical knowledge of writing articles by 58%, and increasing knowledge about uploading articles in national journals by 54%.
Pelatihan Literasi Teknologi berbasis Ajaran Ki Hajar Dewantara untuk Mencegah Cyberbullying
Authors: Wijayanti Astuti , Laily Rochmawati Listiyani  , Flora Grace Putrianti  , Rini Nurhayati  , Nashiruddin Achmad
Published: June 2021

Very rapid technological developments can have positive and negative impacts on society. One negative effect that needs to be watched out is cyberbullying. This community service is carried out online targeting teenagers, educators, and parents. This service aims to provide insight related to cyberbullying, parenting, and the importance of technological literacy in assisting adolescent development so that it can prevent cyberbullying. The method of implementing this service is discussion, practice, and question and answer. Online community service by way of Whatsapp lectures was attended by 95 people. The results of the dedication showed that the participants seemed enthusiastic in attending Whatsapp lectures with this theme. Cyberbullying and media literacy become new insights for participants. Curiosity towards the implementation of the teachings of Ki Hajar Dewantara is increasing. Parents and educators should be able to attend training regularly so that they can optimally assist and develop the potential of children, especially adolescents, so they avoid cyberbullying.
Zoufalství, jaderné rakety a magické hory. Uchronický příběh bývalého vojáka základní služby
Authors: Wohlmuth Petr
Published: June 2021

The text follows the post-cultural turn oral history paradigm, as expressed in concepts of Luisa Passerini, Alessandro Portelli, and others. It also makes use of the “dream stories” (Traumgeschichten) research by Reinhart Koselleck, to discover and interpret the cultural processes and forms related to the problematic historical subjectivity of an ex-Czechoslovak People’s Army conscript. The main historical source is the recorded oral-history narrative of a person, whose compulsory military service (1975–1977) led to a decidedly negative turn in his life. The narrator attempted to treat his shaken historical subjectivity through the creative construction of an elaborate uchronic story, merging his own military experience with motifs of imaginary service in units armed with nuclear weapons, with contemporary legends dealing with similar topics, and with older cultural strata, highlighting the phenomenon of “magical mountains” and apocalyptic military prophecies.
Does high protein intake cause tubular injury in very preterm neonates?
Authors: Puspitasari Henny Adriani , Trihono Partini Pudjiastuti , Wahidiyat Pustika Amalia
Published: June 2021

Background: Very preterm birth rate was 10.8% of all preterm in Asia. Early aggressive nutritional strategies in very preterm neonates is important for catching up growth; however, preterm kidneys have fewer, immature functional nephrons. Studies have showed that high protein intake induces nephron hypertrophy, proteinuria, and glomerular sclerosis through single nephron glomerular hyperfiltration (SNGHF), which leads to glomerulotubular injury. Aim: to analyse the correlation between protein intake and glomerulotubular injury in very preterm neonates. Method: A prospective cohort study was conducted in neonatal units of two hospitals in Jakarta. Urine samples were taken three times at post-natal ages 0-48 hours (T1), 72 hours (T2), and 21 days (T3) for determining the urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin to creatinine (uNGAL/Cr) ratio. Protein intake were given in accordance with local guideline while considering the clinical condition of participants. Protein levels from formula milk were recorded daily from 14-21 days of age, while breastmilk protein was measured twice by using a human milk analyser. Urinary NGAL (uNGAL) was tested with an ELISA. Glomerulotubular injury was defined as a uNGAL/Cr ratio ≥1 SD (22.74 ng/mg) at post-natal age 21 days. High protein intake was defined as average protein intake ≥ 3 g/kg/day. Results: Fifty-nine very preterm neonates were recruited, of which 39 completed the study. Glomerulotubular injury was found in 9 of 39 participants (23%). The proportion of glomerulotubular injury in very preterm neonates who had received high protein intake vs low protein intake was 5 of 29 vs 4 of 10 participants, respectively. The median of uNGAL/Cr ratio was not significantly different in the high vs low protein intake group (3.54 (range: 0.69-89.16) ng/mg vs (6.88 (range: 0.32-66.64)) ng/mg, respectively. The uNGAL/C ratio was not correlated with protein intake. However, it was inversely correlated with gestational age and birth weight. Conclusions: The proportion of glomerulotubular injury in very preterm neonates given high protein diet was 5 of 29. The uNGAL/Cr ratio was increased at the post-natal age of 72 hours and decreased in 21 days in both high and low protein intake groups. High protein intake was not correlated with glomerulotubular injury.
Assessing a Transition to 100% Renewable Power Generation in a Non-interconnected Area: A Case Study for La R ́Eunion Island
Authors: Babonneau Frederic , Biscaglia Stéphane , Chotard David , Haurie Alain , Mairet Nicolas , Lefillatre Thibaut
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we present a global and multi-timescale approach for assessing energy tran- sition policies aiming at fully renewable generation in power systems of non-interconnected areas, typically islands or isolated regions. The approach links together three dynamic mod- els:(i) a capacity expansion model, ETEM-SG, proposes an investment and production plan for typical days, at the horizon 2030; (ii) a simplified dispatch model is used to validate the production plan for a full year data of weather and demand variations and; (iii) a static & dynamic power system analysis is used to assess the stability of the new power network for fast occurring events like, e.g., a sudden reduction of renewable production. The proposed three-stage approach generates a least-cost long-term investment planning that ensures a supply-demand balance at an hourly time-step and power network statibility at a few mil- lisecond time scale. The presentaion is based on a case study fully described in a report [1] made with ADEME, the French Agency for ecological transition, for the French island La R ́eunion. It shows how a reliable 100% renewable power supply is reachable by 2030, in this area.
Cerebral Cysticercosis Mimicking Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Case Report
Authors: Liu Tao , Wang Tingzhong , Bao Yijun , Du Jinghua , Guan Yongchang
Published: June 2021

Background : Dense exudate during the calcification of cerebral cysticercosis in basal subarachnoid space was easy to be misdiagnosed as SAH, clinical evaluation and MRI can help differentiate SAH from pseudo-SAH.Case presentation: A case of ventricular expansion accompanied by high-density shadows in cisterna circinata cerebri was taken to the hospital for treatment due to sudden faint. This patient was diagnosed as subarachnoid hemorrhage according to computed tomography (CT) in another hospital. We believe that the high density in cisterna circinata cerebri was misdiagnosed as subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) one year ago. The main etiology of SAH is aneurysm, non-aneurysmal SAH associated with cerebral cysticercosis is extremely rare. Only 5 patients have been reported.Conclusion: This case indicated that although the specificity of CT for SAH is very high, the physicians should be aware of rare false positive findings, called pseudo-SAH.
McConnell’s Sign As An indicator of Right Ventricular Infarction: A Case Report
Authors: Arul Judah Nijas , Krishnamurthy Preetam , Kumar Balakrishnan Vinod , Muralidharan Thoddi Ramamurthy , Boopathy Senguttuvan Nagendra , Tripathi Ashutosh Prasad , Ramesh Sankaran , Sadhanandham Shanmugasundram , Jebaraj Rathinasamy , Balasubramaniyan Jayanthy Venkata , Murthy Jayanthy Sathyanarayana , Thanikachalam Sadagopan
Published: June 2021

BackgroundMcConnell’s sign is a specific echocardiographic finding that was first described in patient with acute pulmonary embolism signifying right ventricular dysfunction. It remains an under-recognized sign in patients with right ventricular infarction.Case PresentationAn 80-year-old woman presented with sudden onset chest pain and breathlessness. The electrocardiogram showed features suggestive of inferior, posterior, and right ventricular infarction with complete heart block and McConnell’s sign was seen on the echocardiography. CT pulmonary angiogram ruled out the present of pulmonary thromboembolism. Coronary angiogram revealed an occluded right coronary artery with collateral supply from the left circulation. Medical management was planned after patient-physician discussion. Patient symptomatically improved with medical management.ConclusionAlthough McConnell’s sign is suggestive of acute pulmonary embolism, it may also be present in patients with right ventricular dysfunction due to infarction. The presence of McConnell’s sign in a patient presenting with acute coronary syndrome should prompt evaluation for right ventricular infarction in the absence of acute pulmonary embolism.
QoS-Aware Resource Allocation and Femtocell Selection for 5G Heterogeneous Networks
Authors: Bouaziz Amal , Saddoud Ahlem , chaari lamia , Chaouchi Hakima
Published: June 2021

5G is not a simple cellular technology; it's a real revolution to improve the
connection speed that assures Quality of Service (QoS) requirements and user
satisfaction in a heterogeneous environment. 5G network is considered as a Het-
erogeneous Networks (HetNets) able to support a multitude of speci c use cases
(such as Smart Metering and Videoconferencing) and new services, where per-
formance requirements will be extremely polarized. In this context, several key
issues for 5G communications should be addressed to satisfy QoS provisioning.
Radio resource allocation is considered as an important 5G key issue for Inter-
net of Things (IoT) communications. In this paper, we propose a QoS-aware
resource allocation and femtocell selection for 5G HetNets named QoS-RAS.
Our proposed approach maximizes the total resource utilization of the network
and it ensures a balanced load by selecting the suitable femtocell for each user
and allocating the available resources with an adequate manner. Our work gives
the best scenarios that aim to enhance system model performance in terms of
resource utilization ratio, dropped request probability, total average throughput
and fairness index.
Outcome of Labor Induction and it’s Associated Factor among Laboring Women at Dilchora Referral Hospital, Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Shiferaw Abel , Assebe Tesfaye , Demena Melake , Assefa Abeselom
Published: June 2021

Background: Induction of labor has a great role to prevent neonatal and maternal mortality and morbidity. Despite its role Induction sometimes fails with a potential risk of increasing maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. In Dire Dawa, there was no study done on outcomes of labor inductions. Therefore, this study is planned to fill this gap by studying the outcome of labor induction and associated factors among women who had delivered at Dilchora referral hospital in Dire Dawa, East Ethiopia. Objective: To determine the outcome of labor induction and associated factors among women who had delivered at Dilchora referral hospital Dire Dawa East Ethiopia, May 15 to June 1, 2020.Methods: Hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study (July 8, 2014 up to July 08, 2019) was employed by using a pre-tested structured questionnaire to collect data from a sample of 444 charts using a systematic random sampling method by trained data collectors. First, bi-variate analysis was done to select variables for multivariate analysis and those variables with p-value 0.25 or less interred into multivariate analysis. In multivariable analysis, those variables with p-value <0.05 are considered as significantly associated. The model adequacy was checked by using the Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness of fit test.Result: The result of the study reveled Post-Term mother [(AOR: 0.49 (0.25-0.98.The mother whose labor is induced by misoprostol [(AOR: 2.5 (1.08-5.94] the mother whose labor is induced by both (oxytocin and misoprostol) [(AOR: 0.33 (0.13-0.86)] and non-reassuring fetal heart rate pattern [(AOR: 0.10(0.03-0.30)] were significantly associated with success of induction.Conclusion: The prevalence rate of success of labor induction was found (83.6%). And the most common indications for labor inductions were PROM and Post term. Furthermore, the study described that the most common method of induction in Dilchora referral Hospital is iv oxytocin and the minister of health should develop national evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for labour of induction and enforce its implementation.
The Effect of Medication Therapy Combined with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Depression and Response Inhibition of Patients with Bipolar Disorder Type I
Authors: Mardani A. Parnaz , Hassanvandi Saba , Dadashi Mohsen , Zolghadriha Ahmad , Javadani Hossein , Mousavi Seyedeh Elnaz
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveBipolar Disorder (BD) is one of the most common mental disorders associated with depressive symptoms and impairment in executive functions such as response inhibition. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of medication therapy combined with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on depression and response inhibition of patients with BD.MethodThis is a clinical trial with pretest, posttest, and follow-up design. Participants were 30 patients with BD randomly assigned to two groups of Medication + tDCS (n = 15, receiving medications plus tDCS with 2 mA intensity over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for 10 days, two sessions per day each for 20 min) and Mediaction (n = 15, receiving mood stabilizers including 300 mg lithium, 200 mg sodium valproate, and 200 mg carbamazepine two times per day). Pretest, posttest and 3-month follow-up assessments were the 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and a go/no-go test. Collected data were analyzed in SPSS v.20 software.ResultsThe mean HDRS score in both groups was reduced after both interventional techniques, where the group received combined therapy showed more reduction (P < 0.01), although their effects were not maintained after 3 months. In examining response inhibition variable, only the combined therapy could reduce the commission error of patients under a go/no-go task (p < 0.05), but its effect was not stable; there was no significant difference in the group recieved medication therapy alone.ConclusionMedication in combination with tDCS can reduce the depressive symptoms and improve the response inhibition ability of people with BD.
Impact of Cancer Cachexia on Treatment With PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors Plus Chemotherapy in Advanced Non-small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Miyawaki Taichi , Naito Tateaki , Yabe Michitoshi , Kodama Hiroaki , Nishioka Naoya , Miyawaki Eriko , Mamesaya Nobuaki , Kobayashi Haruki , Omori Shota , Wakuda Kazushige , Ono Akira , Kenmotsu Hirotsugu , Murakami Haruyasu , Mori Keita , Harada Hideyuki , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Takahashi Toshiaki
Published: June 2021

PurposeProgrammed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors plus chemotherapy has become the standard first-line treatment in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, few studies have explicitly focused on the impact of cancer cachexia on the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy. Thus, we evaluated the clinical implications of cancer cachexia on the survival outcomes in patients who received this treatment.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of medical records of patients with advanced NSCLC treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy from December 2018 to December 2020. Cancer cachexia was diagnosed as an unintentional weight loss of 5% or more over six months. We evaluated the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients with or without cancer cachexia who received PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy.ResultsAmong the 80 included patients, 37 (46%) had cancer cachexia. Cachectic patients had a lower objective response rate (30 vs 51%, P <0.05), poorer PFS (2.3 vs 12.0 months, P <0.05), and poorer OS (10.8 vs 23.9 months, P <0.05) than non-cachectic patients. The Cox proportional-hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of cancer cachexia were 1.77 (1.01–3.10) for PFS and 2.90 (1.40–6.00) for OS, with adjustments for Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, PD-L1 tumour proportion score, histology, and central nervous system metastases. Conclusion﻿Pre-treatment cancer cachexia may reduce treatment efficacy and shorten survival time in patients receiving PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy. Early evaluation and intervention for cancer cachexia might improve oncological outcomes in patients with advanced NSCLC.
Vehicle Specific Power: An Alternative to Evaluate the Dynamics of Real-Driving Tests
Authors: Forcetto Andre Luiz Silva , Junior Orlando Salvo , Filho Francisco Fernando Maciel , Andrade Maria de Fatima , Filho Flavio Guilherme Vaz de Almeida
Published: June 2021

Vehicles are an important source of air pollutants and greenhouse gases. Their emissions are controlled since the 1970’s by laboratory tests, but divergences are often found between the results and real-world emissions. Real Driving Emissions procedure was implemented in many countries, in order to evaluate the vehicle closer to actual operation. In order to reduce the dispersion of the results, some dynamic parameters, such as speed and acceleration, are controlled, but the influence of the road grade has not being taken into account. This paper presents an alternative for the dynamic metrics, based on the Vehicle Specific Power, that allows evaluating more accurately the vehicle dynamics and representing better both the up-and-downhill effect as well the low engine power driving requirement, even when the regulatory parameters are into their limits.
Level of Endogenous Jasmonate is Critical for Durable Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance Against Rice Blast in a Japonica Rice Variety, Ziyu44
Authors: An Xingyu , Zhang Hui , Li Jinlu , Yang Rui , Zeng Qianchun , Wang Mo , Luo Qiong
Published: June 2021

Background: The molecular mechanism of durable and broad-spectrum resistance to rice blast disease in japonica rice variety is still very little known. Ziyu44, a local japonica rice variety in Yunnan Province of China, has shown durable broad-spectrum blast resistance for more than 30 years, and provides an opportunity for us to explore the molecular basis of broad-spectrum resistance to rice blast in japonica rice variety.Methods and Results: We conducted a comparative study of mycelium growth, aposporium formation, the accumulation of salicylate(SA), jasmonate(JA) and H2O2, the expression of SA- and JA-associated genes between Ziyu44 and susceptible variety Jiangnanxiangnuo (JNXN) upon M. oryzae infection. We found that appressorium formation and invasive hyphae extention were greatly inhibited in Ziyu 44 leaves compared with that in JNXN leaves. Both Ziyu 44 and JNXN plants maintained high levels of baseline SA and did not show increased accumulation of SA after inoculation with M. oryzae, while the levels of baseline JA in Ziyu 44 and JNXN plants were relatively low, and the accumulation of JA exhibited markedly increased in Ziyu 44 plants upon M. oryzae infection. The expression levels of key genes involving JA and SA signaling pathway OsCOI1b, OsNPR1, OsMPK6 as well as pathogenesis-related (PR) genes OsPR1a, OsPR1b and OsPBZ1, were markedly up-regulated in Ziyu44. Conclusions: The level of endogenous JA is critical for synchronous activation of SA and JA signaling pathway, up-regulating PR gene expression and enhancing disease resistance against rice blast in Ziyu44.
Advanced Art Authentication in Oil Paintings Using Precise 3D Morphological Analysis of Craquelure Patterns
Authors: Kim Soojung , Park Sang Min , Bak Seongjin , Kim Gyeong Hun , Kim Chang-Seok , Kim Chang Eun , Kim Kyujung
Published: June 2021

The development of scientific technology for art authentication have elicited multidimensional evidence to distinguish forgeries from original artworks. Here, we analyzed three-dimensional morphology of cracks that contain information such as painting features of artworks using an optical coherence tomography (OCT). The forgeries were produced by an expert from the original oil paintings with cracks that occur as paint drying, canvas aging, and physical damage. The parameters such as shape, width, and depth were compared based on cross-sectional images of original and fake cracks. The shapes of original cracks were a rectangular and an inverted triangle, but fake cracks were a relatively simple inverted triangle. The original cracks were as deep as the thickness of the upper layer and mostly have ‘thin/deep' or 'wide/shallow'. The fake cracks were observed as 'thin/shallow' or 'wide/deep'. This study will improve the understanding of the crack characteristics and promote development of techniques for art authenticity.
Decision Support System For Determining Power Loss And Refurbishability Of Failed Automotive Petrol Engine Block And Crankshaft
Authors: AKINNULI BASIL OLUFEMI , AWOPETU OLADELE , OJO OLUWASEUN OLUWAGBEMIGA
Published: June 2021

The crankshaft and engine block of automobile wear or fail after certain years of usage. The cause of failure is a contributing factor to the power loss of the engine. Power loss reduces the performance of the vehicle. Due to the economic situation in Nigeria, the cost of buying new engines is usually high and some used engines have problems that are latent. Pre-test engine analysis was carried out and torque of each selected engine was measured with a dynamometer to know the speed of the worn engine. Disassembly of four (4) cylinder engines namely; Toyota, Nissan, Mitsubishi, and Mazda were carried out and the affected failed parts, namely; main bearing, crankpin journal, and bore cylinder diameter were determined and the level of their wear as well as power losses ascertained using measuring instruments. For easy computation and analysis, a computer software using C-sharp programming language was developed to determine the power loss and predicting machining level of refurbish-ability and tested for performance evaluation. The model and its developed software are decision support tools for any automotive industry where maintenance and management of engines for improved performance and efficiency of operation is the focus.
An LLE Based LC- ESI MS/MS Analytical Method Development to Detect Azithromycin Residue in Water to Monitor Contamination Level of River and Fish Farm of Bangladesh
Authors: Kabir Md Humayun , Yasmin Sabina , Mou Salma Akter , Upoma Bushra Parvin , Ahmed Shamim , Azam Golam , Jahan Tajnin , Islam Md Saidul , Moniruzzaman Mohammad
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study to development and validate an analytical method to determine the Azithromycin (AZN) residue in water approach to monitor the contamination level of river and fish farm water of Bangladesh. Azithromycin (AZN) was analyzed using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-ESI MS/MS). The chromatographic separations of analyte were performed using ZORBAX RRHD Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1×100 mm, particle size 1.8 µm) column and mobile phase was 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile with 50:50. The analyte were detected in positive electron spray ionization mode with multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM) with mass transition from 749.5 m/z to 591 m/z and 158 m/z as quantifier and qualifier ion respectively. Liquid-liquid extraction method was used for the extraction of AZN residues. The developed method was validated in terms of accuracy, precision, linearity and specificity. The analyte showed a good linear in the range of 0.1-100 µg/L. Three spiking levels (0.25, 0.5 and 1.25 µg/L) was performed for determining accuracy and precision. Recoveries and RSD were in the range of 96.6-101.5% and 3.5-6.3 respectively. The estimated limit of detection and limit of quantification was 0.017 and 0.05 µg/L respectively. Using the developed method, we analyzed 5 different rivers and 5 different fish farm samples. We found no azithromycin residue in rivers water, but we found in one fish farm water azithromycin residue 0.35±0.06 µg/L. The results indicate that we should be concern to use antibiotics in fish farm water in different ways.
Investigation Of Geographical Disparities: The Use of An Interpolation Method For Cancer Registry Data
Authors: Campbell Janis E. , Sedani Ami Elizabeth , Dao Hanh Dung N. , Sambo Ayesha B , Doescher Mark P. , Janitz Amanda E.
Published: June 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to demonstrate a method to systematically illustrate cancer incidence in an accurate and visually attractive, yet straightforward, GIS-based method using ZIP Code level cancer registry data for all cancers combined and four major types of cancer. This analysis will better inform public health researchers by enabling them to empirically assess and describe geographic disparities in cancer for their own areas. Methods: We describe a process of creating smoothed maps with an appropriate, well-described, simple, replicable method. We calculated SIRs for each ZIP Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTAs) for each cancer type. For the IDW, we used the ArcGIS 10.8.1 to create smoothed maps of Oklahoma ZCTA SIR. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a method that public health practitioners can duplicate with minimal skills, no or low-cost applications, and limited data to assist health care professionals and the community in interpreting cancer in their state.
CD 80 and CD 86 Expression, Clinical Implications Are Cancer Dependent as Revealed Through Pan-cancer Analysis
Authors: Olajuyin Ayobami Matthew , Georgewill Sharon Ibialate , Olajuyin Adefunke Kafayat , Saliu Jamiyu Ayodeji , Okeke Malachy I. , Raji Hayatu M. , Tyndall Jennifer , Guo Xia
Published: June 2021

BackgroundCluster of Differentiation 80 and CD 86 can also be called B7-1 and B7-2 respectively. They are proteins fundamentally expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), including induced dendritic cells (IDCs), langerhans cells, germinal center dendritic cells (GCDCs), activated monocytes, macrophages and B-cells. They are considered to be a possible therapeutic target and biomarker of great significance. However, there are still inconsistent pieces of information and their clinical importance is yet to be established. MethodsHere we investigated CD 80 and 86 as biomarkers by utilizing several large genomic data collections. (The Cancer Genome Atlas, Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, Quantitative proteomics Cancer cell line Encyclopedia Genotype-Tissue Expression,) and analyzed CD 80 and CD 86 expression in thousands of normal and cancer samples and cell lines along with their clinical survival analysis.ResultsThis study presented that CD 86 was expressed more in post-treatment blood cancer in the blood and post-treatment blood cancer in the bone marrow while it was expressed least in normal tissues and cell lines. The Hodgkin lymphoma cell line L428 cell lysate illustrated that there was a high relative protein expression of 6.6 for the CD 86 gene. it indicated that cancer in the esophagus had the highest copy number value and indicated a medium level amplification of the CD 86 gene and prostate cancer had a hemizygous deletion of the CD 86 gene with the least copy number value. Furthermore, on the non-Hodgkin lymphoma cell line REC1, illustrated the highest relative protein expression of the CD 86 gene among the other types of cancer cell line, its protein expression value was 8.19. Also, for cancer type leukemia, the subtype acute myeloid leukemia showed a significant relative protein expression. The acute myeloid leukemia cell line EOL1 indicated that there was a high relative protein expression of 6.5. However, the protein expression for CD 80 is yet to be elucidated.ConclusionsTaken together, CD 80 ad 86 may be potential biomarkers of great clinical significance. The Kaplan Meier plots unveiled that CD 86 and CD 80 were significantly associated with overall survival analysis in the Large B-cell lymphoma, and the different tumor types.
Integrating Multi-Datasets Analysis with Molecular Docking To Explore Potential Therapeutic Compound and Its Mechanism and Target Sites in Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: Bai Shuheng , Chen Ling , Jiang Aimin , Yan Yanli , Li Rong , Kang Haojing , Feng Zhaode , Li Guangzu , Ma Wen , Zhang Jiangzhou , Zhang Xiaozhi , Ren Juan
Published: June 2021

Background

Gastric carcinoma still threatens public health with high morbidity and mortality, especially in Eastern Asia. Target therapy possesses a vast value and makes significant progress in cancer treatment, and it is essential to explore more potential target drugs in gastric carcinoma.
Methods

Gene expression data was obtained from TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) and GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) datasets and the interaction networks of chemical-genes was obtained from CTD (Comparative Toxicogenomics Database). Then, GSEA (Gene Set Enrichment Analysis) was utilized to identify the significant compounds, which related to gene expression in gastric carcinoma. Moreover, PPI (Protein-Protein Interaction) network, screening of hub-genes, KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes), and GO (Gene Ontology) analysis were employed to explore potential mechanisms and potential targets of these compounds. Finally, molecular docking was used to analyze the stable binding between the compounds and target proteins.
Results

Bazedoxifene was selected by integrating datasets and bioinformatics analysis as a potential therapeutic compound. UHRF1, MCM10, HELLS, and DTL with high expression in cancer tissues may be new targets in gastric carcinoma. Furthermore, Bazedoxifene may target UHRF1 and the pathway of ubiquitin-like protein transferase in gastric carcinoma and has potential therapeutic value.
Conclusion

It is infered that Bazedoxifene may target on UHRF1 in gastric carcinoma and has the therapeutic potential.
Are Tryptophan and Serotonin Alteration Act as a Trigger Biomarker for Type 2 Diabetes Complications?
Authors: Khoshnevisan Kamyar , Chehrehgosha Maryam , Sajjadi-Jazi Sayed Mahmoud
Published: June 2021

Tryptophan (Trp) is a vital amino acid causing clinical implications in the human body and biological specimens. Serotonin (5-HT) is well-recognized for its biological activities in the brain, and as a familiar neurotransmitter, it regulates various neuropsychological processes. Alterations in the serotonergic system were proved to play a role in the pathogenesis of different neurological and psychiatric diseases. In recent years, Trp and 5-HT levels have been considered as triggers of diabetes mellitus (DM). The altered Trp metabolism may also play roles in the pathogenesis of DM and developing a risk of complications. The whole blood (WB) 5-HT level was mainly lower among diabetic patients compared to others. That is mostly derived from a lower platelet concentration of 5-HT in these patients. Indeed, 5-HT level can be considered as a potent biomarker for early detection of DM complications. Besides, it was proved that outside the digestive and central nervous systems, 5-HT was discovered in beta cells, and scientists have been attempting to realize its mechanism of action ever since. Towards to end, the determination methods, biomarker’s role, and approaches of 5-HT and Trp levels were thoroughly investigated in both healthy and diabetic patients with or without complications. Moreover, the association between insulin and 5-HT has been specifically discussed. Our study concluded that Trp and 5-HT levels could be exclusively applied for early diagnosis of DM complications as well as many other complications.