bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disputatiousness and the Offender–Victim Overlap
Authors: Felson Richard B. , Berg Mark T. , Rogers Ethan M. , Krajewski Andrew
Published: December 2017

Objectives:

We examine whether offenders are at greater risk of violent victimization than non-offenders because of their disputatiousness; that is, their tendency to become involved in verbal conflicts. We also examine whether offenders are more disputatious because of their low self-control, alcohol use, and honor-based attitudes and whether disputatiousness can explain the effects of these individual differences on violent victimization.

Method:

A series of regression models examine self-reported data from 503 male inmates and 220 men ( N = 723) they know from the community who have never been arrested.

Results:

Disputatiousness accounts for a substantial portion of the relationship between victimization and offending (i.e., inmate status). Disputatiousness also mediates the relationships between victimization and frequent intoxication, low self-control, and honor-based attitudes. Low self-control and heavy alcohol use account for a substantial portion of the relationship between offending and disputatiousness. Disputatiousness and victimization are associated with a history of assaultive offenses but not a history of robbery.

Conclusions:

The tendency to become involved in verbal conflicts can partly explain high victimization rates among male offenders, and among men who lack self-control, are frequently intoxicated, and have strong concerns about protecting their honor.
How Political Parties Use Group-Based Appeals: Evidence from Britain 1964–2015
Authors: Thau Mads
Published: December 2017

Political parties often appeal to groups. Yet, existing work does not consider how such group-based appeals are used, presumably because they are thought to have grown ineffective. Contrary to this, I argue that group-based appeals are central to party electoral strategy, and that time has only strengthened the incentive to use them. Using original data on 10,000 group-based appeals found in sentence-by-sentence coding of British election manifestos, I demonstrate an increasing use of group-based appeals from 1964 to 2015. Furthermore, I show that the range of groups emphasized, the concentration of group emphasis, and the specific group categories targeted also follow the electoral incentives prevalent over this 50-year period. These findings shed new light on how political parties appeal for votes and suggest that we view group-based appeals as a distinctive feature of party electoral strategy. I discuss the implications for our broader understanding of electoral competition.
Conformers, Adaptors, Imitators, and Rejecters: How No-excuses Teachers’ Cultural Toolkits Shape Their Responses to Control
Authors: Golann Joanne W.
Published: December 2017

In the past, sociologists have provided keen insights into the work of teaching, but classic studies by scholars like Dan Lortie and Willard Waller are now decades old. With the current emphasis on teacher evaluation and accountability, the field is ripe for new sociological studies of teaching. How do we understand the work of teaching in this new context of control? In this article, I use the case of an urban, ‘‘no-excuses’’ charter school to examine how teachers responded to the school’s intensive effort to socialize them into a uniform set of disciplinary practices. Drawing from 15 months of fieldwork at a no-excuses school, I found that teachers varied in their responses to school control based on their cultural toolkits—their preferences and their capacities. Based on teachers’ adaptation strategies, I introduce four ideal types: conformers, imitators, adaptors, and rejecters. This article makes the following contributions. First, I extend classic theories of teacher self-socialization to a new context of control. Second, I offer new ways beyond sensemaking theories to analyze how and why teachers adopt (or fail to adopt) new teaching practices. Finally, I provide timely insight into teacher experiences in no-excuses schools—and into these schools’ efforts to redirect teacher education toward a more prescriptive, skills-based approach.
Teaching Public, Scientific Controversy: Genetically Modified Mosquitoes in the Technical Writing Classroom
Authors: Phillips Stephanie
Published: December 2017

The release of genetically modified mosquitoes in the Florida Keys is part of a public health initiative to limit the spread of infectious disease. The local debate over this proposed action provides a current case study of a public, scientific controversy in which citizens and officials disagree about what is best for the community. The case study challenges technical writing students to consider complex cultural circuits, or networks, that comprise a specific controversy. The students analyze the rhetorical situation, create new content that contributes to the ongoing discussion, and learn about audience through usability testing their multimodal projects.
Agency Beliefs Over Time and Across Cultures: Free Will Beliefs Predict Higher Job Satisfaction
Authors: Feldman Gilad , Farh Jiing-Lih , Wong Kin Fai Ellick
Published: December 2017

In three studies, we examined the relationship between free will beliefs and job satisfaction over time and across cultures. Study 1 examined 252 Taiwanese real-estate agents over a 3-months period. Study 2 examined job satisfaction for 137 American workers on an online labor market over a 6-months period. Study 3 extended to a large sample of 14,062 employees from 16 countries and examined country-level moderators. We found a consistent positive relationship between the belief in free will and job satisfaction. The relationship was above and beyond other agency constructs (Study 2), mediated by perceived autonomy (Studies 2-3), and stronger in countries with a higher national endorsement of the belief in free will (Study 3). We conclude that free-will beliefs predict outcomes over time and across cultures beyond other agency constructs. We call for more cross-cultural and longitudinal studies examining free-will beliefs as predictors of real-life outcomes.
Attitude Accessibility as a Function of Emotionality
Authors: Rocklage Matthew D. , Fazio Russell H.
Published: December 2017

Despite the centrality of both attitude accessibility and attitude basis to the last 30 years of theoretical and empirical work concerning attitudes, little work has systematically investigated their relation. The research that does exist provides conflicting results and is not at all conclusive given the methodology that has been used. The current research uses recent advances in statistical modeling and attitude measurement to provide the most systematic examination of the relation between attitude accessibility and basis to date. Specifically, we use mixed-effects modeling which accounts for variation across individuals and attitude objects in conjunction with the Evaluative Lexicon (EL)—a linguistic approach that allows for the simultaneous measurement of an attitude’s valence, extremity, and emotionality. We demonstrate across four studies, over 10,000 attitudes, and nearly 50 attitude objects that attitudes based on emotion tend to be more accessible in memory, particularly if the attitude is positive.
The Geopolitics of Climate Knowledge Mobilization
Authors: Meehan Katie , Klenk Nicole L. , Mendez Fabián
Published: December 2017

Climate change and sustainability science have become more international in scope and transdisciplinary in nature, in response to growing expectations that scientific knowledge directly informs collective action and transformation. In this article, we move past idealized models of the science–policy interface to examine the social processes and geopolitical dynamics of knowledge mobilization. We argue that sociotechnical imaginaries of transdisciplinary research, deployed in parallel to “universal” regimes of evidence-based decision-making from the global North, conceal how international collaborations of scientists and societal actors actually experience knowledge mobilization, its systemic barriers, and its paths to policy action. Through ethnographic study of a transdisciplinary research program in the Americas, coupled with in-depth analysis of Colombia, we reveal divergences in how participants envision and experience knowledge mobilization and identify persistent disparities that diminish the capacity of researchers to influence decision-making and fit climate knowledge within broader neoliberal development paradigms. Results of the study point to a plurality of science–policy interface(s), each shaped by national sociotechnical imaginaries, development priorities, and local social orders. We conclude that a geopolitical approach to transdisciplinary science is necessary to understand how climate and sustainability knowledge circulates unevenly in a world marked by persistent inequality and dominance.
Patient Perceptions of Barriers to Self-Management of Breast Cancer–Related Lymphedema
Authors: Ostby Pamela L. , Armer Jane M. , Smith Kandis , Stewart Bob R.
Published: December 2017

Breast cancer survivors are at lifetime risk for the development of breast cancer–related lymphedema, a chronic, potentially debilitating condition that requires life-long symptom management. Suboptimal self-management rates suggest that health care providers may not be offering educative-support options that are customized to patient-perceived needs. An Institutional Review Board–approved focus group ( N = 9) and mailed surveys ( N = 15) were used to identify (a) barriers to lymphedema self-management, (b) how breast cancer survivors with lymphedema defined education and support, (c) what type of education and support they had received, and (d) what kind of education and support they wanted. Physiological, psychological, and psychosocial factors were identified as barriers to successful lymphedema self-management. One of the main barriers identified was lack of education about lymphedema treatment and risk reduction. In addition, more than half defined support as “prescriptions” and “referrals”; therefore, it is unclear whether patients were exposed to support other than medical treatment.
Lengthening Temporalis Myoplasty: Objective Outcomes and Site‐Specific Quality‐of‐Life Assessment
Authors: Panciera Davide Thomas , Sampieri Claudio , Deganello Alberto , Danesi Giovanni
Published: December 2017

Objective

Evaluate outcomes of the lengthening temporalis myoplasty in facial reanimations.

Study Design

Case series with planned data collection.

Setting

Ospedali Riuniti, Bergamo, and AOUC Careggi, Florence, Italy.

Subjects and Methods

From 2011 to 2016, 11 patients underwent lengthening temporalis myoplasty; demographic data were collected for each. Pre‐ and postoperative photographs and videos were recorded and used to measure the smile angle and the excursion of the oral commissure, according to the SMILE system (Scaled Measurements of Improvement in Lip Excursion). All patients were tested with the Facial Disability Index, and they also completed a questionnaire about the adherence to physiotherapy indications.

Results

All patients demonstrated a significant improvement in functional parameters and in quality of life. On the reanimated side, the mean z‐line and a‐value, measured when smiling, significantly improved in all patients: from 22.6 mm (95% CI, 20.23‐25.05) before surgery to 30.9 mm (95% CI, 27.82‐33.99) after surgery (P <. 001) and from 100.5° (95% CI, 93.96°‐107.13°) to 111.6° (95% CI, 105.63°‐117.64°; P <. 001), respectively. The mean postoperative dynamic gain, passing from rest to a full smile at the reanimated side, was 3.1 mm (95% CI, 1.30‐4.88) for the z‐line and 3.3° (95% CI, 1.26°‐5.29°) for the a‐value. The Facial Disability Index score increased from a preoperative mean of 33.4 points (95% CI, 28.25‐38.66) to 49.9 points (95% CI, 47.21‐52.60) postoperatively (P <. 001).

Conclusions

The lengthening temporalis myoplasty can be successfully used for smile reanimation, with satisfying functional and quality‐of‐life outcomes.
Experimental chronic cerebral hypoperfusion results in decreased pericyte coverage and increased blood–brain barrier permeability in the corpus callosum
Authors: Liu Qinghai , Radwanski Ryan , Babadjouni Robin , Patel Arati , Hodis Drew M , Baumbacher Peter , Zhao Zhen , Zlokovic Berislav , Mack William J
Published: December 2017

Murine chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) results in white matter (WM) injury and behavioral deficits. Pericytes influence blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity and cerebral blood flow. Under hypoxic conditions, pericytes detach from perivascular locations increasing vessel permeability and neuronal injury. This study characterizes the time course of BBB dysfunction and pericyte coverage following murine experimental CCH secondary to bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS). Mice underwent BCAS or sham operation. On post-procedure days 1, 3, 7 and 30, corpus callosum BBB permeability was characterized using Evans blue (EB) extravasation and IgG staining and pericyte coverage/count was calculated. The BCAS cohort demonstrated increased EB extravasation on postoperative days 1 ( p = 0.003) 3 ( p = 0.002), and 7 ( p = 0.001) when compared to sham mice. Further, EB extravasation was significantly greater ( p = 0.05) at day 3 than at day 30 in BCAS mice. BCAS mice demonstrated a nadir in pericyte coverage and count on post-operative day 3 ( p < 0.05, compared to day 7, day 30 and sham). Decreased pericyte coverage/count and increased BBB permeability are most pronounced on postoperative day 3 following murine CCH. This precedes any notable WM injury or behavioral deficits.
Coinage and Economy of Premodern North-East India
Authors: Dutta Debajit
Published: December 2017

The study of coinage and economy of any area has its own appeal. As they are not much affected by outline influence, so they often proceed along their own lines and thus can have significance for people trying to determine the general patterns of development. In precolonial phase of Indian history, the Ahom kingdom situated in the North-Eastern part demands special attention as it had its own glorious series of coinage. As a royal issue, the coins of Ahom kingdom were the emblems of royalty and symbolic majesty of the Ahom kings. The metals, the motifs as well as other accompanying details on the coins depict the details of faiths and customs adopted by the Ahom kingdom. In this write up, we will discuss the origin, growth, importance in contemporary economy and many other aspects of the Ahom coinage in a comprehensive manner.
From Surveys to Management
Authors: Bhattacharya Ujjayan
Published: December 2017

Flood management and embankment maintenance were responsibilities of the state and the social institutions for many centuries. But as the colonial state was based on an epistemic foundation different from the previous regimes, the period witnessed the creation of a new institutional order which resulted in close collaboration between the institution of surveys and the administration of inland water management. As a result, the colonial intervention was characterised by deployment of a corps of engineers who used the knowledge gathered from surveys for managing the water channels and their banks. The process witnessed the establishment of a branch of the military devoted to engineering work in the colonies where supervision and intervention by European experts became an essential feature.

The early colonial rule in itself was in a process of transformation: from a commercial/mercantile entity to a fiscal-military state. It was also a state which was establishing a routinised bureaucracy. How both these developments were reflected on the institutions of water management is a central concern of this study. The subordination of the traditional agency in these developments is an important question.
Textualing Women as ‘Hindu’
Authors: Dasgupta Koushiki
Published: December 2017

Institutional interpretation on Hindu womanhood is one of the vague areas of historical research in modern India. The rise and growth of ‘new’ Indian womanhood in late nineteenth century put forward a number of unresolved issues like domesticity, conjugality, sexuality public service, motherhood, companionate marriages and others into the nationalist arena and a few pamphlets were published in twentieth century to redress these issues from an ultra-gendered platform. One such interpretation came from the Bharat Sevashram Sangha which not only challenged the notions of ‘neo’ womanhood of nineteenth century, but also provided one sanctified ideal of Hindu womanhood based on the alternative mode of Hindutva, if not Hindu nationalism. Swami Vedananda’s Hindu Narir Adorsho O Sadhona (The Ideals and Vows of the Hindu Women) could be cited as an excellent example of how obscure references from classical Hinduism were used to ‘legitimise’ and ‘revive’ the past for the reconstruction of Hindu womanhood at a time when a hegemonic middle-class culture had already been consolidated on the language of nationalist modernity. Bharat Sevashram Sangha and, for example, Swami Vedananda completely rejected modernity as an offshoot of colonialism; a paradox which defined woman both as self-conscious subject and as passive recipients of reform. The present article seeks to analyse the text of Swami Vedananda as a counter narrative of colonial/nationalist modernity on Hindu womanhood and traces the reasons why the Sangh failed to resolve the question of ‘female masculinity’ it had once proposed to work on.
In vivo study on biodegradable magnesium alloys: Bone healing around WE43 screws
Authors: Levorova Jitka , Duskova Jaroslava , Drahos Milan , Vrbova Radka , Vojtech D , Kubasek Jiri , Bartos Martin , Dugova Lenka , Ulmann Dan , Foltan Rene
Published: December 2017

Introduction

A standard osteosynthetic material for maxillofacial skeleton is titanium and its alloys. The convenience of degradable material is avoiding of second surgery in cases, where removal of the material is necessary. Magnesium biodegradable alloys have similar mechanic properties as cortical bone – reasonable corrosion and sufficient biologic properties. They might be used in facial skeleton fixation.

Materials and methods

The study included a total of 16 rabbits, and they were randomly divided into two groups. Each group received two screws (WE4 and titanium as a standard material) in artificially drilled defect into right tibia. Animals were euthanized at four-week intervals. Bone samples with implants underwent microfocus CT scans and were histologically examined.

Results

WE43 alloys showed fragmentation of the material on the 16th week – statistically significant volume loss was found between weeks 12 and 16. Bone healing around the WE43 screws was of similar quality as around titanium screws, and no adverse effect was noticed.

Conclusion

The study showed good quality of bone healing around WE43 implants. From this point of view, the WE43 alloy meets the requirements of osteosynthetic material for maxillofacial skeleton.
Chronic Conditions May Be More Important Than Race or Ethnicity in Relation to Health Information Seeking and Use
Authors: Rooks Ronica N. , Kapral Craig G. , Mathis Arlesia L.
Published: December 2017

Objective: This research examines health information (HI) seeking and use among middle-aged and older adults with chronic health conditions. Method: We used logistic regression models to analyze HI seeking ( N = 7,822) and use (N = 4,541-4,547) among participants (aged 45+ years) with chronic conditions from the nationally-representative Health Tracking Household Survey. Results: Adults aged 45+ years with chronic conditions were significantly more likely to seek and use HI; however, these results varied based on the age and education. Compared with Whites, Latinos were less likely to seek HI but more likely to use HI to treat illness, and African Americans were more likely to use HI to maintain health. Conclusion: Middle-aged and older adults with chronic conditions are prominent HI seekers and users. Proficient HI seeking and use may have the potential to enhance control over one’s own health, maintain independence in the community, and reduce the impact of negative health consequences on the health care system.
‘Women and peace’
Authors: Renzulli Isobel
Published: December 2017

UN Security Council Resolution 1325 and the successive thematic resolutions together with a variety of reports have shaped the Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda. The ensuing policies and institutional responses try to deal with a variety of issues including women’s participation in peace-making initiatives and protection from sexual violence during armed conflict and in its aftermath. As such these responses are underpinned by a reactive approach with a focus on conflict and post-conflict gender-sensitive areas of intervention. While these remain worthwhile interventions, the WPS agenda, in spite of its name, inadequately addresses gender-sensitive areas in peace situations, regardless of the existence of conflicts. Building on feminist critiques of the WPS agenda and the findings and recommendations of the 2015 UN Global study on the implementation of Resolution 1325, the article argues that the WSP agenda and its prevention limb need to elaborate and integrate more explicitly and comprehensively a human rights strategy that shifts the focus from a reactive to a proactive model, one which pursues gender equality and women’s human rights in its own right, irrespective of whether conflicts erupt or not. A human rights infused WPS preventive agenda should be premised, on the one hand, on a clear understanding and endorsement of the meaning of gender equality, on the other hand, on the creation of mechanisms and process bolstering the role of international and regional human rights regimes. In particular, robust regional human rights systems have the potential to create fora for the participation of and interaction with domestic constituencies in the region. This in turn could lead to the elaboration of context sensitive, participatory solutions, grounded in international human rights law, to existing forms of discrimination against women, which during conflicts may be exacerbated, for example, in the form of sexual enslavement and abductions as reported in recent and less recent conflicts.
Hydrodynamics of larval fish quick turning: A computational study
Authors: Song Jialei , Zhong Yong , Luo Haoxiang , Ding Yang , Du Ruxu
Published: December 2017

A three-dimensional fluid–body interaction model was established to study the hydrodynamics of larval fish at a quick start with a turning angle of approximately 80°. The bending curves of the larval fish were attained by extracting the middle line of fish snapshots from a previously published paper. The fluid–body interaction was implemented to empower the self-propelling function of the larval fish. In this study, the swimmer’s kinematics of the body as well as hydrodynamics at preparatory and propulsive stages of the larval fish were extensively analysed. It shows that during the preparatory stage, the larval fish produces a significant force against the escaping direction. Nevertheless, this force leads to a large turning torque, helping to accomplish a quick turning. During the propulsive stage, the force increases quickly in the escape direction, resulting in a large velocity for the escape. The characteristics of body motion and the flow field are consistent with the previous observation on adult fish: the bimodal mode on velocity and tangential acceleration and three jets of fluids. In addition, the research also reveals that the forces generated at anterior and posterior parts of the larval fish generally point to the opposite directions at both preparatory and propulsive strokes of C-start.
Some factors affecting the loosening failure of bolted joints under vibration using finite element analysis
Authors: Gong Hao , Liu Jianhua
Published: December 2017

Finite element analysis has been regarded as an effective research method for analyzing the loosening failure of bolted joints under vibration. However, there exist some factors, which influence the accuracy and reliability of loosening results, thus determining the explanations of the loosening mechanism. In this study, a 3D finite element model of a typical bolted joint was built to investigate the effects of several different factors on the loosening under transverse vibration loading. These influencing factors include preload generation, vibration parameter, and material model. Based on the simulation results, it was found that applying the method of pretension element to generate preload instead of the actual method of torque was reliable and efficient. For the vibration parameter, it showed that the decrease rate in preload was higher for a larger vibration amplitude. But once the bearing surface reached complete slip, the loosening rate would keep constant. This was because the thread surface at that time reached a sticking state. Vibration frequency was proved to have no effect on the loosening behavior. This result demonstrated that the quasi-static assumption for vibration frequency was reasonable. Additionally, it also indicated that plastic material models only affected the preload loss in the initial several vibration cycles and had no influence on the loosening rate of preload after several vibration cycles. Finally, experiments were conducted to confirm qualitatively the results obtained based on finite element analysis.
Customized surface-guided knee implant: Contact analysis and experimental test
Authors: Khosravipour Ida , Pejhan Shabnam , Luo Yunhua , Wyss Urs P
Published: December 2017

Contact pressure and stresses on the articulating surface of the tibial component of a total knee replacement are directly related to the joint contact forces and the contact area. These stresses can result in wear and fatigue damage of the ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene. Therefore, conducting stress analysis on a newly designed surface-guided knee implant is necessary to evaluate the design with respect to the polyethylene wear. Finite element modeling is used to analyze the design’s performance in level walking, stair ascending and squatting. Two different constitutive material models have been used for the tibia component to evaluate the effect of material properties on the stress distribution. The contact pressure results of the finite element analysis are compared with the results of contact pressure using pressure-sensitive film tests. In both analyses, the average contact pressure remains below the material limits of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene insert. The peak von Mises stresses in 90° of flexion and 120° of flexion (squatting) are 16.28 and 29.55 MPa, respectively. All the peak stresses are less than the fatigue failure limit of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene which is 32 MPa. The average contact pressure during 90° and 120° of flexion in squatting are 5.51 and 5.46 MPa according to finite element analysis and 5.67 and 8.14 MPa according to pressure-sensitive film experiment. Surface-guided knee implants are aimed to resolve the limitations in activities of daily living after total knee replacement by providing close to normal kinematics. The proposed knee implant model provides patterns of motion much closer to the natural target, especially as the knee flexes to higher degrees during squatting.
Feasibility assessment for installing Sea-wave Slot-cone Generator breakwater in the Iranian coasts of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea
Authors: Salimi Fouad , Rahbani Maryam , Mohammadi Bijan
Published: December 2017

The applicability of Sea-wave Slot-cone Generator breakwater as a system of energy converter in the southern coasts of Iran is investigated. Several efficient factors simultaneously have been considered, including the period and the significant height of wave, the effective depth, and the hydraulic efficiency. The field data used in this study are those derived from the stationary buoys. Findings reveal that Asaluyeh and Shahid-Beheshti ports are the only places, which might satisfy the required needs. The percentage of hydraulic efficiency achieved, however, is less than what is suggested in the literature as the minimum acceptable level. In other words, the use of Sea-wave Slot-cone Generator breakwater is not financially affordable in the southern coasts of Iran.
Who Will Lead Global Growth? Slowing Trends are the ‘New Normal’
Authors: Prime Penelope B. , Kulkarni Kishore G.
Published: December 2017

Focusing on the US, Japan, Germany and China—four large economies that make up almost half of the world’s GDP—this article analyses each of their growth stories independently and comparatively. None of these economies were doing well by historical measures, years after the financial crisis of 2008. The article addresses possible reasons for this slow growth, and which country might lead growth into the future. The results of our review suggest that rapid growth is not likely to return to most parts of the world. Similar growth trends are apparent across our four economies despite clear differences in institutions and circumstances. The 2008 financial shock was a turning point in terms of how these economies function, but we see long-term trends that began before the crisis. Of the four economies, China is likely to increasingly become a key determinant of global growth—at least until its aging demographics kick in.
Addiction to Internet Use, Online Gaming, and Online Social Networking Among Young Adults in China, Singapore, and the United States
Authors: Tang Catherine So-Kum , Koh Yee Woen , Gan YiQun
Published: December 2017

The current study investigated the rates of addictions to Internet use, online gaming, and online social networking as well as their associations with depressive symptoms among young adults in China, Singapore, and the United States. A total of 3267 undergraduate students were recruited. Psychological instruments were used to assess various Internet-related addictions and depressive symptoms. Male students were more addicted to Internet and online gaming whereas female students were more addicted to online social networking. Compared with students in the United States, Chinese and Singaporean students were more addicted to Internet use and online social networking but less to online gaming. The odds of depression among students with addiction to various Internet-related addictions were highest in China. Internet-related addiction is a new public health concern of young adults, especially in the Asia-Pacific regions. It is found to associate with depressive symptoms. Strategies should address this phenomenon with attention to specific needs of gender and region while managing mood disturbances.
Prognostic significance of Ki67 and its correlation with mitotic index in dogs with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with 19-week CHOP-based protocol
Authors: Sierra Matiz Oscar R. , Santilli Juliana , Anai Leticia A. , Da Silva Maria C. L. , Sueiro Felipe A. , Sequeira Júlio L. , Magalhães Larissa F. , Magalhães Geórgia M. , Tinucci Costa Mirela , Calazans Sabryna G.
Published: December 2017

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of lymphoma in dogs. We evaluated Ki67 immunoexpression and mitotic index (MI) in dogs diagnosed with DLBCL and treated with a 19-wk CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) protocol. Twenty-nine lymph node samples from dogs diagnosed with DLBCL were analyzed for Ki67 immunostaining, and positive cells present in 1 cm2 were counted in a grid reticle for comparison of survival times above and below the means. The Ki67 mean was 107, and the MI mean was 21. There was a significant ( p < 0.05) difference in median survival time between Ki67 immunostaining above and below the mean, with no difference in MI groups. Ki67 values >107 positive cells per 5 HPF counted in a grid reticle were associated with shorter survival times in dogs with DLBCL treated with a 19-wk CHOP-based protocol.
Health Literacy and Participation Among Older Adult Patients With Heart Failure in Korean Culture
Authors: Lee Chiyoung , Park Yeon-Hwan
Published: December 2017

Introduction: In South Korea, approximately 40% of older adults are reported to have low health literacy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between health literacy and patient participation among Korean older adults with heart failure. Method: This cross-sectional descriptive study involved 145 Korean patients at one prominent medical center in South Korea. The Korean Health Literacy Scale short form and the 13-item Perceived Involvement in Care Scale were administered between June and September, 2016. Results: Among participants (mean age = 71.30 years; 26.9% female), approximately 30% had poor health literacy. A significant correlation was observed between health literacy and participation scores ( r = .538, p < .01). Health literacy was the most important predictor of patient participation (β = .488, p < .001). Discussion: The results imply that effective knowledge acquisition may encourage greater patient participation. By identifying health literacy in Korean older adults, we can provide more culturally congruent health care by improving participation between providers and patients.
“I Treat Him as a Normal Patient”: Unveiling the Normalization Coping Strategy Among Formal Caregivers of Persons With Dementia and Its Implications for Person-Centered Care
Authors: Bentwich Miriam Ethel , Dickman Nomy , Oberman Amitai , Bokek-Cohen Ya’arit
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Currently, 47 million people have dementia, worldwide, often requiring paid care by formal caregivers. Research regarding family caregivers suggests normalization as a model for coping with negative emotional outcomes in caring for a person with dementia (PWD). The study aims to explore whether normalization coping mechanism exists among formal caregivers, reveal differences in its application among cross-cultural caregivers, and examine how this coping mechanism may be related to implementing person-centered care for PWDs. Method: Content analysis of interviews with 20 formal caregivers from three cultural groups (Jews born in Israel [JI], Arabs born in Israel [AI], Russian immigrants [RI]), attending to PWDs. Results: We extracted five normalization modes, revealing AI caregivers had substantially more utterances of normalization expressions than their colleagues. Discussion: The normalization modes most commonly expressed by AI caregivers relate to the personhood of PWDs. These normalization modes may enhance formal caregivers’ ability to employ person-centered care.
Empowered to Self-Care: A Photovoice Study in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Chew Han Shi Jocelyn , Lopez Violeta
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Heart failure–related hospitalization is preventable through self-care but remains a common cardiovascular reason for rehospitalization. The purpose of this study was to explore the promotion of self-care in Singaporean patients with heart failure. Method: A descriptive qualitative design was adopted using Photovoice. Sixteen participants with heart failure were recruited from an outpatient cardiology clinic in Singapore. The participants were asked to take photographs that represented their promotion of self-care and used them in the subsequent interviews. Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Four themes emerged: (1) accepting life; (2) appreciating life; (3) maintaining meaning in life; and (4) establishing a new normal life. The four themes provided insights into how they empowered themselves to self-care. Discussion: Participants were empowered to self-care through active and passive processes. Self-reflection served as an active process internally. Support from health care providers served as a passive process externally.
Experience of Being Young With Psoriasis: Self-Management Support Needs
Authors: Rasmussen Gitte Susanne , Kragballe Knud , Maindal Helle Terkildsen , Lomborg Kirsten
Published: December 2017

Psoriasis is a long-term condition with a possibly cumulative life course impairment. Young people struggle to minimize its effects on appearance and functioning. To date, the self-management needs of adolescents suffering from psoriasis have been underinvestigated. Using focus groups and individual interviews, we present an interpretive description of young people’s experiences of living with psoriasis, the challenges they face, and the support they need to relieve suffering and come to terms with their condition. This process is characterized by loneliness, the self-imposition of limitations, and the lack of personalized knowledge and communication skills to manage the impact of disease and society’s reactions. Our study provides insight into needs of early interventions tailored to address condition, role, and emotional management, involving parent education, peer support, storytelling, and roles for professionals. We argue that further research should involve young people, their parents, and professionals in the development and evaluation of interventions.
Sociomateriality and Affect in Institutional Work: Constructing the Identity of Start-Up Entrepreneurs
Authors: Katila Saija , Laine Pikka-Maaria , Parkkari Piritta
Published: December 2017

Identity construction as a form of institutional work has mainly been studied from discursive perspectives. We examine how the identity of start-up entrepreneurs is constructed within the sociomaterial setting of a major start-up and technology conference, to enhance institutionalization of start-up entrepreneurship. We draw from the theories of performative identity construction, sociomateriality, and affect. Our study contributes to research on institutional work by highlighting the sociomaterial and affective nature of identity construction as a form of institutional work. We demonstrate how the identity of start-up entrepreneurs is constructed as rock star, vital entrepreneur, and buddy in a start-up ecosystem. Furthermore, we present characteristics of sociomaterial agency that strengthen identification with the institution of start-up entrepreneurship: multisensority, temporal multidimensionality, and the dynamics of equality and exceptionality building. Our study also critically demonstrates how constructed identities tend to reinforce the link between entrepreneurship and masculinity.
Free Smartphone Apps to Support Human Factors/Ergonomics Work
Authors: Green Paul , Cheydleur Grason , Li Kevin , Deng Ruyi (Jo) , Sanchez Reynerio
Published: December 2017

How can ergonomics professionals and students measure sound levels, light levels, and so forth when they don’t have access to the specialized equipment needed for that purpose? This article explores using free iPhone and Android apps. We found that most sound-level applications were acceptable (within about 2 dB or less), but the illumination applications were unacceptably inaccurate, in some cases off by 50%. The merits of other apps are also described, and sources for various applications, including biomechanical analysis (e.g., RULA, REBA), are provided.
Screening for Depression and Psychological Distress in a Currently Serving Military Population: The Diagnostic Accuracy of the K10 and the PHQ9
Authors: Searle Amelia K. , Van Hooff Miranda , McFarlane Alexander C. , Davies Christopher E. , Tran Thao , Hodson Stephanie E. , Benassi Helen P. , Steele Nicole M.
Published: December 2017

This study is the first to examine the diagnostic accuracy of two depression screening scales—the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)—in an entire regular-serving military population. Currently serving Australian Defence Force personnel ( n = 24,481) completed the K10 and PHQ9. Then a targeted subsample (i.e., the analysis sample, n = 1,730) completed a diagnostic interview to identify DSM-IV 30-day disorder. Weighted results represented the entire population ( N = 50,049). Both scales similarly showed a good ability to discriminate between personnel with and without depressive disorders. Optimal cutoffs (19 for K10, 6 for PHQ9) showed high sensitivity and good specificity, and were similar to though slightly lower than those recommended in civilian populations. Both scales appear to be valid screens for depressive disorder in the military, using the cutoffs identified. As both performed similarly, scale choice may depend on other factors (e.g., availability of norms).
Virtual Foreign Correspondence: Experimental Instructions in Digital Foreign News Reporting
Authors: Hahn Oliver , Stalph Florian , Steller Tom
Published: December 2017

Within a series of six qualitative studies over seven years, this research in instructing journalism students investigates whether or not covering foreign news from home via Internet technology can substitute foreign correspondents on-site to reduce costs. Co-orientation and decontextualization can be described as characteristic for virtual foreign correspondence (VFC). In some cases, it can lead to high-quality products. However, virtual foreign correspondents (VFCs) cannot entirely substitute traditional foreign correspondents (TFCs) in terms of regional knowledge, background information, contextual insights, on-site investigations, and access to local sources and voices. Nevertheless, VFCs and TFCs could complement each other to optimize partition of work.
A Single-Dose, Two-Way Crossover, Open-Label Bioequivalence Study of an Amphetamine Extended-Release Oral Suspension in Healthy Adults
Authors: Sikes Carolyn , Stark Jeffrey G. , McMahen Russ , Engelking Dorothy
Published: December 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of a new extended-release amphetamine oral suspension (AMP XR-OS) with a standard extended-release mixed amphetamine salts product, Adderall XR®. Method: In this single-dose, open-label, randomized, two-period, two-treatment crossover study, 42 healthy adult volunteers received 15 mL of AMP XR-OS in one period and a 30 mg Adderall XR capsule in another period (both containing 18.8 mg of amphetamine base) under fasted conditions. Blood samples were analyzed for d- and l-amphetamine concentrations, and pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax, AUC0-5, AUC5-last, and AUCinf were calculated to determine bioequivalence. Safety was monitored throughout the study. Results: The 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for the log-transformed Cmax, AUC0-5, AUC5-last, and AUCinf fell within the accepted 80% to 125% range for establishing bioequivalence for d- and l-amphetamine. The most common adverse events were nausea and decreased appetite. Conclusion: AMP XR-OS is bioequivalent to Adderall XR in healthy adult participants.
Cardiovascular, respiratory and sedative effects of intramuscular alfaxalone, butorphanol and dexmedetomidine compared with ketamine, butorphanol and dexmedetomidine in healthy cats
Authors: Cremer Jeannette , Riccó Carolina H
Published: December 2017

Objectives

The aim of the study was to evaluate the cardiorespiratory effects, quality of sedation and recovery of intramuscular alfaxalone–dexmedetomidine–butorphanol (ADB) and ketamine–dexmedetomidine–butorphanol (KDB), in cats.

Methods

Nine adult, healthy cats (6.63 ± 1.42 kg) were enrolled in a blinded, randomized, crossover experimental design. Cats were sedated twice intramuscularly, once with ADB (alfaxalone 1 mg/kg, dexmedetomidine 0.005 mg/kg, butorphanol 0.2 mg/kg), and once with KDB (ketamine 5 mg/kg, dexmedetomidine 0.005 mg/kg, butorphanol 0.2 mg/kg), in random order. Data collected included heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure and blood gas analysis, respiratory rate and sedation score. Analysis of variance with Bonferroni post-hoc correction was used for parametric data, and a Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for non-parametric data. Significance was set at P <0.05.

Results

Total sedation time was shorter for ADB (90.71 ± 15.12 mins vs 147.00 ± 47.75 mins). Peak sedation was observed within 15 mins in both groups. Quality of recovery was excellent in both groups. HR decreased over time in both groups. Diastolic and mean arterial pressure decreased over time for ADB, becoming significant after 30 mins. All cardiovascular variables were within the clinically acceptable range in both groups. Arterial partial pressure of oxygen was significantly decreased from baseline for KDB at all time points (73 ± 2.5 mmHg [9.7 ± 0.3 kPa] vs ADB 83 ± 2.6 mmHg [11 ± 0.3 kPa]). Hypoventilation was not observed.

Conclusions and relevance

Both protocols produced acceptable cardiovascular stability. Sedation and recovery quality were good, albeit sedation was shorter with ADB. Although oxygenation was better maintained in the ADB group, all sedated cats should receive oxygen supplementation.
Diagnosis and Management of Conjunctivitis for the Dermatologist
Authors: Gooderham Melinda , McDonald Julian , Papp Kim
Published: December 2017

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, sometimes relapsing inflammatory skin condition that presents with pruritus and characteristic skin manifestations. Conjunctivitis is a common ocular comorbidity affecting almost half of patients with the risk increasing with atopic dermatitis severity. Recent targeted biologic therapies that successfully treat atopic skin disease, including dupilumab, which blocks interleukin (IL)–4 and IL-13, as well as agents that block IL-13 alone, have been associated with an increased rate of conjunctivitis in clinical trials. Because conjunctivitis commonly occurs in patients with atopic dermatitis and as the treatment with targeted biologic agents may increase the risk or severity of conjunctivitis, it is important that dermatologists recognize symptoms, appreciate treatment options, and know when referral to an ophthalmologist is appropriate.
Suicide clusters among young Kenyan men
Authors: Goodman Michael L , Puffer Eve S , Keiser Philip H , Gitari Stanley
Published: December 2017

Suicide is a leading cause of global mortality. Suicide clusters have recently been identified among peer networks in high-income countries. This study investigates dynamics of suicide clustering within social networks of young Kenya men ( n = 532; 18–34 years). We found a strong, statistically significant association between reported number of friends who previously attempted suicide and present suicide ideation (odds ratio = 1.9; 95% confidence interval (1.42, 2.54); p < 0.001). This association was mediated by lower collective self-esteem (23% of total effect). Meaning in life further mediated the association between collective self-esteem and suicide ideation. Survivors of peer suicide should be evaluated for suicide risk.
Regulating private sector security provision for victims of domestic violence
Authors: Harkin Diarmaid
Published: December 2017

Private companies are increasingly involved with the security concerns of victims of domestic violence. This involvement manifests in a number of forms including the proliferation of technology and private security companies that seek a market among domestic violence victims and services. In this article, data gathered in Australia are used to show that private sector involvement with victims of domestic violence can be a useful addition to the landscape of providers who respond to the needs of an under-protected population, but that steps must be taken to ensure the ethical and competent performance of such commercial actors and their technological solutions. Therefore, a form of ‘civil regulation’ is suggested that aims to align private security with the broader public interest.