bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A note on bi-objective optimization for sustainable supply chain network design in omnichannel
Authors: Lei Weidong , Ke Dandan , Yan Pengyu , Zhang Jinsuo , Li Jinhang
Published: December 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to correct the existing mixed integer programming (MIP) model proposed by Yadav et al. (2019) [“Bi-objective optimization for sustainable supply chain network design in omnichannel.”, Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, Vol. 30 No. 6, pp. 972–986].

Design/methodology/approach

This paper first presents a counterexample to show that the existing MIP model is incorrect and then proposes an improved mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model for the considered problem. Last, a numerical experiment is conducted to test our improved MILP model.

Findings

This paper demonstrates that the formulations of the facility capacity constraints and the product flow balance constraints in the existing MIP model are incorrect and incomplete. Due to this reason, infeasible solutions could be identified as feasible ones by the existing MIP model. Hence, the optimal solution obtained with the existing MIP model could be infeasible. A counter-example is used to verify our observations. Computational results verify the effectiveness of our improved MILP model.

Originality/value

This paper gives a complete and correct formulation of the facility capacity constraints and the product flow balance constraints, and conducts other improvements on the existing MIP model. The improved MILP model can be easily implemented and would help companies to have more effective distribution networks under the omnichannel environment.
Let the games begin: the relationship between video gaming and entrepreneurial mindsets
Authors: Kraus Sascha , Niemand Thomas , Scott Stephanie , Puumalainen Kaisu , Oberreiner Raphael
Published: December 2021

Purpose

This article addresses the need for further conceptual development of the factors that influence the development of the entrepreneurial mindset. It focuses on finding a link between the classic mental models of entrepreneurship and those that are employed during video game play to explore if similarities exist.

Design/methodology/approach

Using theories of entrepreneurship and opportunity recognition, the study examines a sample of 217 video gamers.

Findings

The results of this study suggest that an individual who exhibits a high level of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) has an enhanced opportunity recognition capability when the intensity of playing video games is also high. Various genres of games were controlled for; however, it was found that shooting games have the highest effect on the emergence of opportunity recognition.

Originality/value

Thus, the study reveals that some game activities can be linked to entrepreneurial cognitions. This has implications for the entrepreneurial intent literature as it reveals certain actions can be linked with entrepreneurial information processing. These findings are useful for game designers and managers as well.
Risk measurement in Bitcoin market by fusing LSTM with the joint-regression-combined forecasting model
Authors: Lu Xunfa , Liu Cheng , Lai Kin Keung , Cui Hairong
Published: December 2021

Purpose

The purpose of the paper is to better measure the risks and volatility of the Bitcoin market by using the proposed novel risk measurement model.

Design/methodology/approach

The joint regression analysis of value at risk (VaR) and expected shortfall (ES) can effectively overcome the non-elicitability problem of ES to better measure the risks and volatility of financial markets. And because of the incomparable advantages of the long- and short-term memory (LSTM) model in processing non-linear time series, the paper embeds LSTM into the joint regression combined forecasting framework of VaR and ES, constructs a joint regression combined forecasting model based on LSTM for jointly measuring VaR and ES, i.e. the LSTM-joint-combined (LSTM-J-C) model, and uses it to investigate the risks of the Bitcoin market.

Findings

Empirical results show that the proposed LSTM-J-C model can improve forecasting performance of VaR and ES in the Bitcoin market more effectively compared with the historical simulation, the GARCH model and the joint regression combined forecasting model.

Social implications

The proposed LSTM-J-C model can provide theoretical support and practical guidance to cryptocurrency market investors, policy makers and regulatory agencies for measuring and controlling cryptocurrency market risks.

Originality/value

A novel risk measurement model, namely LSTM-J-C model, is proposed to jointly estimate VaR and ES of Bitcoin. On the other hand, the proposed LSTM-J-C model provides risk managers more accurate forecasts of volatility in the Bitcoin market.
The ungreening of integrated reporting: a reflection on regulatory capture
Authors: Bridges Caroline M. , Harrison Julie A. , Hay David C.
Published: December 2021

Purpose

The initial rationale for developing integrated reporting included addressing the failures of traditional reporting to address sustainability issues. Subsequently, the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) modified its stated objectives to emphasise integrated thinking and value creation. There has been debate on whether the IIRC’s process for developing its integrated reporting framework was subject to regulatory capture by the accounting profession (Flower, 2015; Adams, 2015; Thomson, 2015). This paper aims to provide additional evidence on the extent to which this regulatory capture occurred, with an update on current developments.

Design/methodology/approach

Data from interviews with key participants in the integrated reporting framework’s development and the IIRC’s Council and Working Group meeting minutes were analysed to identify to what extent the change in the IIRC’s focus can be explained by regulatory capture theory.

Findings

The findings show that the integrated reporting framework’s development was subject to regulatory capture by accountants. However, the extent of capture was mitigated to some extent by processes adopted in its development. This is consistent with regulatory capture theory.

Originality/value

This paper critically examines the debate on the extent to which the sustainability message has been lost as a result of regulatory capture. It provides an in-depth analysis of the IIRC’s treatment of sustainability which explores the application of regulatory capture theory and examines evidence not considered in previous studies.
The threshold effect of electricity consumption and urbanization on carbon dioxide emissions in Ghana
Authors: Nayaga Paul , Adusah-Poku Frank , Dramani John Bosco , Takyi Paul Owusu
Published: December 2021

Purpose

The quest for economic development has brought adverse effects on the environment through the release of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2). This will counter the efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. This study, therefore, investigates the effect of electricity consumption and urbanization on CO2 emissions in Ghana. Electricity consumption and urbanization are among the factors that can be used to reduce CO2 emissions.

Design/methodology/approach

Following the STIRPAT framework with the Hansen (2000) least squares threshold estimation strategy, the study employed annual time series data from 1971 to 2019.

Findings

The study revealed a single threshold effect of both electricity consumption and urbanization on CO2 emissions. Electricity consumption intensity reduces CO2 emission when electricity consumption is below the threshold (6287GWh) but increases when consumption passes the threshold. However, urbanization exerts a positive influence on CO2 emissions regardless the level of urbanization (either before or after the threshold point). Again, the empirical results revealed that the urbanization threshold moderates the effect of electricity consumption on CO2 emissions.

Research limitations/implications

Policymakers have to consider redesigning the current urbanization mode to include some new-type urbanization elements.

Originality/value

The threshold effect of electricity consumption and urbanization on CO2 emissions in Ghana is examined using the Hansen (2000) least square method.
Will she stay or will she quit: determinants of career persistence and non-persistence amongst women workers of India's IT sector
Authors: Alok Swati , Banerjee Sudatta , Kumar Navya
Published: December 2021

Purpose

This study aims to identify demographic characteristics, personal attributes and attitudes and social support factors that adversely or favourably affect the likelihood of career persistence amongst women workers of the Indian IT sector.

Design/methodology/approach

The research, grounded in the social cognitive career theory, analyses primary data collected from 850 women working in IT via a survey. Based on an original definition of career persistence, the sample was segregated into 427 persistent and 423 non-persistent women. Logistic regression was performed to test for the effect of various determinants on the likelihood of women being career persistent versus non-persistent.

Findings

Being married, having children, as well as high levels of belief in gender disadvantage and work–family conflict lowered the likelihood of career persistence amongst women. While being a manager, possessing high career identity, high occupational culture fit, positive psychological capital and family support boost the likelihood.

Originality/value

The study examines women's actual continuance in an IT career vis-à-vis exit from the workforce/IT field, rather than women's stated intent to persist/quit as previously investigated. It uses logistic regression to identify both hurdles and aids on the path of women's career persistence. The findings can help recognize women more likely to struggle, thus be a first step in targeted organizational interventions to plug a leaky talent pipeline.
Numerical analysis of safety distances of reinforced concrete structures subjected to blast loading by Perform-3D
Authors: Sharifi Ghalehnoei Mohammadsina
Published: December 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to develop the performance model of buildings designed by the seismic code 2800 against the explosion wave and determination of safety distance.

Design/methodology/approach

Analytical models of three-, five- and ten story structures that used moment frame system and also a ten-storey building with shaer wall designed based on the seismic code 2800 in term of design and nonlinear analysis were generated for use with Perform-3D software. Extensive parametric analysis is executed on different explosive loads with 100, 500, 1,000 and 5,000 Trinitrotoluene, soil types 2 and 3, models eqs and eqbs, the number of story buildings and the effect of shear wall to determine the safety distance based on collapse threshold performance (CP) level criterion.

Findings

The results indicate that by increasing the explosives mass from 100 to 5,000 kg and the number of the stories three and five induce increasing the safety distance of CP level in buildings to 4.5 meter and 3 meter times, respectively. Ten-story structures modeled on shear wall show very good performance because of stiffness rising and high energy absorption. In addition, by increasing the stories from five to ten, the amount of the safety distance reduces the CP level to 3.9 meter times.

Originality/value

The results of this work are meaningful for explosion-resistant design and damage assessments of reinforced concrete moment framed structures subjected to explosive explosion.
Fat Cats, Production Networks, and the Right to Fair Pay
Authors: Collins Hugh
Published: December 2021

Should there be a legal right to fair pay so that anyone might challenge the relative fairness of their pay? International human rights law does not clearly support such a right, partly due to the uncertain meaning of fairness in pay. The article challenges this uncertainty, explaining the marginal relevance of theories of distributive justice. Standards of fairness should be discovered instead in principles of interpersonal justice, particularly the bilateral principle of good faith, and in associational principles of desert by reference to contribution and recognition of persons. These contain an egalitarian impulse providing moral reasons for rejecting market rates of pay and, it is argued, should apply beyond single corporate entities, to corporate groups and networks of companies sharing an integrated production scheme. Finally, appropriate regulations enacting a legal right to fair pay are explored with a view to achieving reflexive yet effective regulation using works councils to fix outer limits to wage dispersal ratios.
Production, composition and preservation of micellar casein concentrate and its application in cheesemaking: A review
Authors: Xia Xiaofeng , Tobin John T , Fenelon Mark A , Mcsweeney Paul L H , Sheehan Jeremiah J
Published: December 2021

Removal of 40–95% of native serum proteins from skimmed milk may be achieved by microfiltration (MF) to generate micellar casein concentrate (MCC). The MCC may be used to prepare cheese milk of the target composition and resultant cheeses of the desired quality and functionality. Herein, factors affecting the composition of MCC, different methods to preserve MCC as well as the application of MF in tailoring the composition and quality of cheese milk and resultant cheeses are reviewed.
Effect of simultaneous treatment combining ultrasonication and rutin on gliadin in the formation of nanoparticles
Authors: Li Chunyi , Wang Qiming , Zhang Chi , Lei Lin , Lei Xiaojuan , Zhang Yuhao , Li Lin , Wang Qiang , Ming Jian
Published: December 2021

Proteins, one of the vital nutritional compounds sensitive to the environment, can be modified by interaction with polyphenols. Ultrasonication has been applied for enhancing the functional properties of proteins. In this study, the interactions of gliadin (G) and rutin (R) in the absence and presence of ultrasonication (0, 150, 300, 450, and 600 W) for 20 min were investigated, with a focus on the properties of emulsions prepared by G–R complexes. Ultrasonication improved the interaction, which increased the content of β‐type secondary structure. Ultrasonication at 450 W increased the particle size of the conjugates. For Pickering emulsions, treating the covering of R on G with ultrasonication improves the stability of the G‐based emulsion significantly, owing to the strong films formed on the oil–water interfaces. The G–R complexes treated at 450 W ultrasonication formed emulsions that showed higher potential and storage modulus (Gʹ) and denser microstructures than those of the untreated emulsions. Nevertheless, ultrasound treatment at 600 W weakened the emulsion properties that were stabilized by the conjugates. Ultrasound combined R was shown to be a potential processing technology for changing the protein structure and producing stable emulsions.

Practical Application

The interactions between proteins and polyphenols are able to preserve the stability of the functional compounds, allow targeted and controlled release, and improve the texture of these complexes employed in the food industry. Improvements in the functional characteristics of the protein–polyphenol complexes so that they possess high emulsifying stability during food processing is a crucial factor for employing them in the food industry. Therefore, the aim of this research is using a soluble complex of gliadin–rutin for the development of its functional characteristics.
A single‐walled carbon nanotubes‐based electrochemical impedance immunosensor for on‐site detection of Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Lee Bog Eum , Kang Taiyoung , Jenkins Daniel , Li Yong , Wall Marisa M. , Jun Soojin
Published: December 2021

Real‐time and sensitive detection of pathogenic bacteria in food is in high demand to ensure food safety. In this study, a single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)‐based electrochemical impedance immunosensor for on‐site detection of Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) was developed. A gold‐plated wire was functionalized using polyethylenimine (PEI), SWCNTs, streptavidin, biotinylated L. monocytogenes antibodies, and bovine serum albumin (BSA). A linear relationship (R2 = 0.982) between the electron transfer resistance measurements and concentrations of L. monocytogenes within the range of 103–108 CFU/ml was observed. In addition, the sensor demonstrated high selectivity towards the target in the presence of other bacterial cells such as Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7. To facilitate the demand for on‐site detection, the sensor was integrated into a smartphone‐controlled biosensor platform, consisting of a compact potentiostat device and a smartphone. The signals from the proposed platform were compared with a conventional potentiostat using the immunosensor interacted with L. monocytogenes (103–105 CFU/ml). The signals obtained with both instruments showed high consistency. Recovery percentages of lettuce homogenate spiked with 103, 104, and 105 CFU/ml of L. monocytogenes obtained with the portable platform were 90.21, 90.44, and 93.69, respectively. The presented on‐site applicable SWCNT‐based immunosensor platform was shown to have a high potential to be used in field settings for food and agricultural applications.

Practical Application

The developed immunosensor was developed for on‐site detection of L. monocytogenes. The limit of detection of the sensor was 103 CFU/ml with a detection time of 10 min. In order to facilitate the requirements for effective on‐site screening for food safety, the sensor was integrated into a smartphone‐controlled platform, so that the bio‐molecular interactions were converted into impedance signals and transmitted wirelessly to a smartphone by a hand‐held EIS transducer.
Rcompadre and Rage—Two R packages to facilitate the use of the COMPADRE and COMADRE databases and calculation of life‐history traits from matrix population models
Authors: Jones Owen R. , Barks Patrick , Stott Iain , James Tamora D. , Levin Sam , Petry William K. , Capdevila Pol , Che‐Castaldo Judy , Jackson John , Römer Gesa , Schuette Caroline , Thomas Chelsea C. , Salguero‐Gómez Roberto
Published: December 2021

Matrix population models (MPMs) are an important tool for biologists seeking to understand the causes and consequences of variation in vital rates (e.g. survival, reproduction) across life cycles. Empirical MPMs describe the age‐ or stage‐structured demography of organisms and usually represent the life history of a population during a particular time frame at a specific geographical location.

The COMPADRE Plant Matrix Database and COMADRE Animal Matrix Database are the most extensive resources for MPM data, collectively containing >12,000 individual projection matrices for >1,100 species globally. Although these databases represent an unparalleled resource for researchers, land managers and educators, the current computational tools available to answer questions with MPMs impose significant barriers to potential COM(P)ADRE database users by requiring advanced knowledge to handle diverse data structures and program custom analysis functions.

To close this knowledge gap, we present two interrelated R packages designed to (a) facilitate the use of these databases by providing functions to acquire, quality control and manage both the MPM data contained in COMPADRE and COMADRE, and a user's own MPM data (Rcompadre) and (b) present a range of functions to calculate life‐history traits from MPMs in support of ecological and evolutionary analyses (Rage). We provide examples to illustrate the use of both.

Rcompadre and Rage will facilitate demographic analyses using MPM data and contribute to the improved replicability of studies using these data. We hope that this new functionality will allow researchers, land managers and educators to unlock the potential behind the thousands of MPMs and ancillary metadata stored in the COMPADRE and COMADRE matrix databases, and in their own MPM data.
An automated radiotelemetry system (ARTS) for monitoring small mammals
Authors: Wallace Gerard , Elden Marija , Boucher Rachel , Phelps Steven
Published: December 2021

The study of animals in nature is essential for developing an ecologically valid understanding of behaviour. Small mammals, however, are often fossorial and exceedingly difficult to monitor in the wild. This limits both the taxonomic scope of field observation, and excludes species that are powerful models for the study of behavioural mechanisms.

Here, we implement an automated radiotelemetry system (ARTS) designed to track small fossorial mammals. Our ARTS uses an isotropic antenna array coupled with broadband receivers. We characterized transmission at our study site and tested the ARTS’s ability to track 48 prairie voles.

We compared position estimates from nonlinear least squares, nonparametric and Bayesian trilateration methods and found Bayesian trilateration to have the smallest error. To examine the ability of the system to track biologically significant behaviour, we used ARTS data to investigate circadian rhythms of freely behaving prairie voles. We used Lomb–Scargle analysis to estimate periodic patterns from irregularly sampled time series. Prairie voles demonstrated circadian and ultradian movement.

This ARTS offers a new tool to observe rodent behaviour at time‐scales and in environments that have not been previously possible, such as investigating social and spatial behaviours on the scale of minutes, hours and days in natural environments.
Method for maintaining adult solitary bee Centris analis under laboratory conditions
Authors: Tadei Rafaela , da Silva Cláudia Inês , Decio Pâmela , Silva‐Zacarin Elaine C. M. , Malaspina Osmar
Published: December 2021

Although solitary bees represent at least 70% of bee species, most ecotoxicological studies on bees focus on social species and there are only a few species of solitary bees. One of the challenges in developing toxicological studies on solitary bees is the lack of protocols for maintaining these species under laboratory conditions. This study aimed to develop a method to maintain adult individuals of the solitary bee Centris analis under controlled conditions.

Six models of cages with adaptations for food identification and resting areas were tested based on cages used for Apis mellifera and Osmia bicornis. With this in mind, we placed one individual of Centris analis in each cage and set the temperature at 28°C. Cage models with survival higher than 50% of individuals were used to measure the influence of photoperiod, training and concentration of food in bee adaptation and longevity.

Cages containing a wood cube and an artificial fabric flower supported the survival of 75% of captive bees for longer than 30 days at 28°C. Bee survival rate was higher in the absence of photoperiod.

This work showed the importance of an acclimatization period of 3 days for C. analis and described a feasible method for future studies evaluating the effects of pesticide effects on solitary bees under laboratory conditions.
Bone cement filling combined with lumbo‐iliac screw internal fixation in the treatment of benign sacroiliac joint tumours
Authors: Pu Feifei , Liu Jianxiang , Zhang Zhicai , Wang Baichuan , Shao Zengwu
Published: December 2021

Background

To investigate the method of reconstruction of the sacroiliac joint in patients who underwent benign tumour curettage and analyse the effect of internal fixation with lumbo‐iliac screws and connecting rod insertion after filling the defect with bone cement.

Methods

Twenty‐four patients with benign sacroiliac joint tumours underwent curettage and filling of the defect with bone cement, followed by lumbo‐iliac screw and connecting rod insertion. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess pain, and the Musculoskeletal Tumour Society (MSTS) score was used to assess hip function.

Results

All patients were followed‐up for 24–96 months (average, 42.2 months). The postoperative VAS score was significantly lower than the preoperative score (p < 0.05), while the postoperative MSTS score was significantly higher than the preoperative score (p < 0.05). One patient had delayed healing of the surgical incision; no complications occurred in the remaining patients.

Conclusion

For benign sacroiliac joint tumours, the combination of filling of defects with bone cement and internal lumbo‐iliac fixation can relieve pain quickly, and achieve good limb function.
A propensity score‐matched, real‐world comparison of ustekinumab vs vedolizumab as a second‐line treatment for Crohn’s disease. The Cross Pennine study II
Authors: Lenti Marco Vincenzo , Dolby Vivien , Clark Tanya , Hall Veronica , Tattersall Suzanne , Fairhurst Francesca , Kenneth Catherine , Walker Rachael , Kemp Karen , Borg‐Bartolo Simon , Limdi Jimmy K. , Taylor Jo , Townsend Tristan , Subramanian Sree , Storey Daniel , Assadsangabi Arash , Stansfield Catherine , Smith Paul , Byrne Debra , De Silvestri Annalisa , Selinger Christian P.
Published: December 2021

Background

The optimal choice of biological agents after failure of anti‐tumour‐necrosis‐factor‐(TNF)α agent in Crohn’s disease (CD) is yet to be defined.

Aims

To assess the effectiveness and safety of ustekinumab compared to vedolizumab as second‐line treatment in CD patients who failed anti‐TNFα therapy.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of clinical response and remission at 14 and 52 weeks to ustekinumab by physician global assessment (PGA). A propensity score‐matched analysis with a cohort treated with vedolizumab was performed.

Results

Of 282 patients (mean age 40 ± 15, F:M ratio 1.7:1) treated with ustekinumab, clinical response or remission was reached by 200/282 patients (70.9%) at 14 weeks, and 162/259 patients (62.5%) at 52 weeks. Overall, 74 adverse events occurred, of which 26 were labelled as serious (8.3 per 100 person‐year). After exclusion of patients without prior anti‐TNFα exposure and patients previously exposed to vedolizumab or ustekinumab, we analysed 275/282 patients (97.5%) on ustekinumab and 118/135 patients (87.4%) on vedolizumab. Propensity score analysis revealed that at 14 weeks, patients treated with ustekinumab were 38% (95% CI 25%‐50%; P < 0.001) more likely to achieve clinical remission, while at 52 weeks, the difference of 9% (95% CI −15% to 33%; P = 0.462) was not significant.

Conclusions

Ustekinumab was effective and well tolerated in this real‐world cohort. While ustekinumab proved more effective at 14‐weeks, we found no statistically significant differences at 52 weeks compared to vedolizumab.
Association of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibition with Covid‐19 hospitalization and all‐cause mortality in the UK biobank
Authors: Safizadeh Fatemeh , Nguyen Thi Ngoc Mai , Brenner Hermann , Schöttker Ben
Published: December 2021

Aims

With growing evidence on the protective effect of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19), we aimed to thoroughly investigate the association between the use of major classes of antihypertensive medications and Covid‐19 outcomes in comparison with the use of ACEIs and ARBs.

Methods

We conducted a population‐based study in patients with pre‐existing hypertension in the UK Biobank with data from the first 2 SARS‐CoV‐2 waves prior population‐based vaccination. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed adjusting for a wide range of confounders.

Results

The use of either β‐blockers (BBs), calcium‐channel blockers (CCBs) or diuretics was associated with a higher risk of Covid‐19 hospitalization compared to ACEI use (adjusted OR (95%CI): 1.66 [1.43–1.93]) and ARB use (1.53 [1.30–1.81]). The risk of 28‐day mortality among Covid‐19 patients was also increased among users of BBs, CCBs or diuretics when compared to ACEI users (1.74 [1.30–2.33]) but not when compared to ARB users (1.26 [0.93–1.71]). The association between BB, CCB or diuretic use (compared to ACEI use) and 28‐day mortality among hospitalized Covid‐19 patients narrowly missed statistical significance (1.47 [0.99–2.18]) but it was statistically significant when the analysis was restricted to patients hospitalized during the second SARS‐CoV‐2 wave (1.80 [1.15–2.83]).

Conclusion

Our results suggest protective effects of inhibition of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system on Covid‐19 hospitalization and mortality, particularly with ACEI, among patients with pharmaceutically treated hypertension. If confirmed by randomized controlled trials, this finding could have high clinical relevance for treating hypertension during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic.
Crisis and the Chinese miracle: A network—GVAR model
Authors: Konstantakis Konstantinos N. , Michaelides Panayotis G. , Chatzieleftheriou Livia , Prelorentzos Arsenios‐Georgios N.
Published: December 2021

The present paper examines how the Chinese economy has managed to maintain its overall economic growth, and therefore its production, throughout the various crises, that is, the global crisis of 2007 and the E.U. structural crisis . The paper sets up a network‐global vector autoregressive (GVAR) model that is estimated simultaneously for all the economies in the model, capable of uncovering the dominant entities in the network system, in the time period 1992‐2017. According to our findings, the economies of the United States and EU17 are found to exhibit a dominant role in the GVAR system, which is confirmed using both node theory as well as econometric techniques. The results show that the Chinese economy is unaffected, in the long run, by unanticipated shocks in the dominant economies of the United States and EU17.
Requirements for human haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells
Authors: Nan Xue , Zhang Bowen , Hao Jie , Yue Wen , Fu Boqiang , Qu Mingyi , Zhang Yu , Wang Haiyang , Fang Fang , Wei Jun , Li Qiyuan , Hu Shijun , Yu Junying , Gao Yingdai , Liu Qifa , Cao Jiani , Wang Lei , Peng Yaojin , Zhu Huanxin , Liang Lingmin , Ma Aijin , Zhou Jiaxi , Zhao Tongbiao , Pei Xuetao
Published: December 2021

‘Requirements for human haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells’ is the first set of guidelines on human haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in China, jointly drafted and agreed upon by experts from the Chinese Society for Stem Cell Research. This standard specifies the technical requirements, inspection methods, inspection rules, instructions for usage, labelling requirements, packaging requirements, storage requirements and transportation requirements for human haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, which is applicable to the quality control for human haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. We hope that publication of these guidelines will promote institutional establishment, acceptance and execution of proper protocols, and accelerate the international standardization of human haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells for applications.
Dual kidney transplants from adult marginal donors: Review and perspective
Authors: Stratta Robert J. , Harriman David , Gurram Venkat , Gurung Komal , Sharda Berjesh
Published: December 2021

The practice of dual kidney transplantation (DKT) from adult marginal deceased donors (MDDs) dates back to the mid‐1990s with initial pioneering experiences reported by the Stanford and Maryland groups, at which time the primary indication was estimated insufficient nephron mass from older donors. Multiple subsequent studies of short and long‐term success have been reported focusing on three major aspects of DKT: Identifying appropriate selection criteria and developing scoring systems based on pre‐ and post‐donation factors; refining technical aspects; and analyzing mid‐term outcomes. The number of adult DKTs performed in the United States has declined in the past decade and only about 60 are performed annually. For adult deceased donor kidneys meeting double allocation criteria, > 60% are ultimately not transplanted. Deceased donors with limited renal functional capacity represent a large proportion of potential kidneys doomed to either discard or non‐recovery. However, DKT may reduce organ discard and optimize the use of kidneys from MDDs. In an attempt to promote utilization of MDD kidneys, the United Network for Organ Sharing introduced new allocation guidelines pursuant to DKT in 2019. The purpose of this review is to chronicle the history of DKT and identify opportunities to improve utilization of MDD kidneys through DKT.
What may we hope?
Authors: Jackelén Antje
Published: December 2021

Christians are a people of hope. There is no other alternative after Jesus Christ overcame the power of death through his resurrection. “Rejoice in hope, be patient in suffering, persevere in prayer,” Paul encourages the congregation in Rome (Romans 12:12). The author of 1 Peter is conscious that hope is no mere feeling. Like faith and love, hope is a gift. But hope is also a choice that is based on realities, a virtue if you like. For this reason, “always be ready to make your defense to anyone who demands from you an accounting for the hope that is in you; yet do it with gentleness and reverence. Keep your conscience clear.” (1 Peter 3:15–16). Keeping silent about hope is to deceive. Speaking of hope when humankind is shuttered in crisis requires both clear mind and pastoral empathy. Otherwise speaking of hope may sound as an escape from reality, a superficial consolation, or even cynicism. We need to ask: how is hope a power that prevails in worldly adversities?
Hope gone awry—An odd bed fellowship of Islamic and Christian neo‐apocalypticism
Authors: Kärkkäinen Veli‐Matti
Published: December 2021

While the rise of neo‐apocalypticism, as it is called in Christian parlance, is a well‐known phenomenon to theologians and other scholars observing the current global religious landscape, the significance of neoapocalypticism in Islam is a less well‐known fact. Yet–and this makes the topic so significant theologically–between these two forms of intense eschatological expectations, astonishing cross‐breeding is taking place. This is counterintuitive in light of the fact that in many ways Islamic and Christian neo‐apocalyptic visions seem to be totally hostile towards each other. This article introduces both Islamic and Christian neo‐apocalypticisms and reflects on the implications of their co‐existence and mutual exchanges for the future of interfaith relations and global peace.
Comparative evaluation of the force required to fracture coronal segments reattached using different methods
Authors: Sreen Deepti , Abraham Dax , Gupta Alpa , Singh Arundeep , Aggarwal Vivek , Chauhan Nishant , Jala Sucheta , Mehta Namrata
Published: December 2021

Background/Aim

Anterior teeth are prone to traumatic injuries. Their management is necessary in order to maintain the pulp and esthetics. Various methods have been reported for fragment reattachment of fractured teeth but there is no consensus on which is the best technique. The aim of this study was to compare the force required to fracture reattached fragments using polyethylene fibers in vertical grooves on the external surface of teeth, fiber‐reinforced composite post and circumferential chamfer.

Material and Methods

Forty‐eight extracted maxillary central incisors were sectioned using a disk and randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 12): Group 1: control group, Group 2: reattachment followed by placement of two external vertical grooves on the labial surface and restored with polyethylene fibers and hybrid composite, Group 3: reattachment followed by two external vertical grooves and filled with fiber posts and composite, and Group 4: reattachment followed by circumferential chamfer at the fracture line and restored with composite. The forces required to fracture the reattached fragments were measured using a Universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Pairwise multiple comparison procedure was done using the Student–Newman–Keuls Method.

Results

The highest values for force required to fracture were observed in the fiber post group and the lowest in the Ribbond group (p < .05). The fiber post group had significantly different results compared to the Ribbond and Chamfer preparation groups (p < .05). However, the difference of rank between the fiber post and control groups was not significantly different (p > .05).

Conclusion

The force required to fracture the fiber post group was closest to that of intact teeth followed by the chamfer and Ribbond groups, respectively.
Cyberpunk Victoria: The credibility of computers and the first digital revolution, 1848–83
Authors: Flandreau Marc , Legentilhomme Geoffroy
Published: December 2021

British capitalism was a knowledge economy that lived on reliable numerical information. We argue that human computers and the algorithms they used played a vital intermediation role and supported the growth of the British capital market, because they resolved digital information asymmetries. Given the lack of an archive for ‘Cyberpunk Victoria’, we demonstrate the computers’ role as financial intermediaries by identifying their imprint on the production of data by a prominent numerical factory, theInvestor's Monthly Manual, a companion publication of theEconomist. Our study underscores the import of digital mechanization and the relevance of human cybernetics to the development of financial capitalism.
The soap carving versus the digital sculpting: Evaluation of students’ preferences and performance in dental anatomy course: Pilot study
Authors: Bilir Halenur , Aygüzen Ceren
Published: December 2021

Purpose/Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in students’ preferences between soap carving (SC) and digital sculpting (DS) methods after obtaining tooth with both methods, their opinions about the methods and their performance in the dental anatomy course.

Materials and Methods

The SC and DS methods were demonstrated. Students were asked to obtain a maxillary central incisor by both methods and to record time. Students’ preferences were asked both before and after applying both methods. The level of significance for statistical analysis was set at p ≤ .05.

Results

Forty first year preclinical students (24 female, 16 male) participated in this study. Their mean age was 19.38 years ±1.00 year. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean time of the DS method according to gender (p = .004) and the mean time of DS and SC methods for females (p = .015). There was also a statistically significant difference between preferences of students for “In the future while treating the patient in the clinic, I learned with ………… method in the preclinic will be more useful for me.” statement, before and after applying both methods (p = .034).

Conclusions

The obtaining the tooth of the students with DS method were longer than with SC method (especially in the females). After applying both methods, the students changed their minds that learning the information about the SC and DS methods would have a similar effect when treating patients in the clinic.
Incidence and risk of cancer among multiple sclerosis patients: A matched population‐based cohort study
Authors: Bosco‐Lévy Pauline , Foch Caroline , Grelaud Angela , Sabidó Meritxell , Lacueille Clémentine , Jové Jérémy , Boutmy Emmanuelle , Blin Patrick
Published: December 2021

Background and purpose

Studies have not yet found conclusive results on the risk of cancer in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aimed to compare the incidence of all cancers and of specific types of cancer between MS patients and the general population by age and by sex.

Methods

All prevalent MS patients identified between 2008 and 2014 in the nationwide French health care database (Système National des Données de Santé) and without history of malignancy were included in a cohort study and followed up until cancer occurrence, date of death, or 31 December 2015, whichever came first. MS patients were matched based on sex and year of birth to non‐MS controls from the general population without cancer before index date. Incidence rate was reported per 100,000 person‐years (PY), and risk of cancer was estimated by type of cancer, age, and sex using a Cox model (hazard ratio [HR] and its 95% confidence interval [CI]).

Results

Overall, 576 cancers per 100,000 PY were observed in MS patients versus 424 per 100,000 PY in the control population. The risk of cancer was higher among MS patients than among population controls whether considered overall (HR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.29–1.43) or for prostate (HR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.68–2.58), colorectal and anal (HR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.16–1.58), trachea, bronchus, and lung (HR = 2.36, 95% CI = 1.96–2.84), and to a lesser extent, breast cancer (HR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.03–1.23).

Conclusions

MS patients were associated with increased risk of cancer compared to population controls.
Antimicrobial agents in dental restorative materials: Effect on long‐term drug release and material properties
Authors: Berghaus Eva , Muxkopf Gustavo Augusto , Feddersen Silas , Eisenburger Michael , Petersen Svea
Published: December 2021

The present study reports on the long‐term drug release and mechanical properties of bioactive dental filling materials based on chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX) or octinidine (di)hydrochloride (ODH) incorporated in a composite based on dimethacrylates or an ormocer. CHX or ODH were added to a nano‐hybrid ormocer (O) and a nano‐hybrid composite (C) with the amount of 2 wt% to achieve four matrix‐drug combinations: O‐CHX, O‐ODH, C‐CHX, and C‐ODH. Drug extraction and release were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode‐array detection (HPLC‐DAD), while drug distribution was assessed by using energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). Drug release in water at 37°C was observed over 87 d. To determine the material properties, the water absorption, water solubility, flexural strength and hardness were measured and compared to the reference materials. Persistent drug release over 87 d was observed for both ODH‐based systems and both ormocer‐systems, with the longest duration of activity seen for the O‐ODH combination. Persistent drug release was achieved via the loosening of the polymer network indicated via decreasing polymerization enthalpies, enhanced water absorption, and water solubility. As a consequence, the flexural strengths of the materials were reduced. However, surface hardness was hardly reduced. ODH seems to be more adequate than CHX for the design of bioactive dental filling materials based on nano‐hybrid ormocer and composites.
A scoping review of intervention components of school‐based oral health‐related behavioural interventions using the Theoretical Domains Framework
Authors: Wang Min‐Ching , Wu Jing‐Yi , Shih Wen‐Yu
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to review the intervention components of school‐based oral health‐related behavioural interventions using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). We identified relevant papers from the review of Cooper et al., and these papers came from both the original inclusion and exclusion article lists. We also modified and updated their search strategies (2013 – April 2019). The 53 included papers reported on 79 interventions (experimental groups = 57 interventions, control groups = 22 interventions). Most of the papers used three to nine domains (average = 5.6) in their experimental interventions, and the most commonly used domains were ‘knowledge,’ ‘skills,’ ‘social influences,’ and ‘environmental context and resources.’ Considering the complexity of intervention components in one programme, there is no one specific domain or domain set that can determine the success of behavioural interventions. The design of future programmes should be guided by a complex intervention methodology. However, the best combination set might not exist, and the choice of domains should depend on local context or resources. This study can be used as a resource for identifying previous papers, which have used the same domains.
Submerged macrophytes benefit from lanthanum modified bentonite treatment under juvenile omni‐benthivorous fish disturbance: Implications for shallow lake restoration
Authors: Han Yanqing , Zhang You , Li Qisheng , Lürling Miquel , Li Wei , He Hu , Gu Jiao , Li Kuanyi
Published: December 2021

The re‐establishment of submerged macrophytes is crucial in shallow lake restoration transforming a turbid into a clear water system, but it might be inhibited by juvenile omni‐benthivorous fish. These fishes disturb the sediment, and even uproot new sprouts, creating turbid water through sediment resuspension and release of nutrients stored in the sediment. Lanthanum modified bentonite (LMB), an in‐situ capping material, can immobilise phosphate and consolidate sediments, potentially weakening the negative effects of juvenile omni‐benthivorous fish.

We hypothesised that applying LMB would improve water quality and promote the growth of submerged macrophytes by eliminating or weakening the increase of suspended solids, nutrient concentration, and algal reproduction due to juvenile omni‐benthivorous fish disturbance. To test our hypothesis, a two‐by‐two factorial mesocosm experiment with two densities of juvenile crucian carp (absence and 10 g/m3) and two doses of LMB (absence and 800 g/m2) was conducted.

Juvenile crucian carp significantly inhibited the growth and reproduction of the macrophyte Vallisneria natans by reducing the underwater light and direct effects such as uprooting. No significant inhibition or promotion by LMB on the growth of V. natans in the absence of juvenile crucian carp was observed. However, LMB significantly inhibited the fish‐induced sediment resuspension and nutrients increases. Consequently, algal production was reduced and underwater light conditions were improved, which promoted the growth and reproduction of V. natans, e.g., more ramets, biomass, and leaves of V. natans.

Our results indicated that submerged macrophytes could benefit from LMB application under high intensity disturbance by juvenile omni‐benthivorous fish, thereby conducive to the maintenance of a clear water state in shallow lakes.
Precipitation effects on nematode diversity and carbon footprint across grasslands
Authors: Franco André L. C. , Guan Pingting , Cui Shuyan , de Tomasel Cecilia M. , Gherardi Laureano A. , Sala Osvaldo E. , Wall Diana H.
Published: December 2021

Free‐living nematodes are one of the most diverse metazoan taxa in terrestrial ecosystems and are critical to the global soil carbon (C) cycling through their role in organic matter decomposition. They are highly dependent on water availability for movement, feeding, and reproduction. Projected changes in precipitation across temporal and spatial scales will affect free‐living nematodes and their contribution to C cycling with unforeseen consequences. We experimentally reduced and increased growing season precipitation for 2 years in 120 field plots at arid, semiarid, and mesic grasslands and assessed precipitation controls on nematode genus diversity, community structure, and C footprint. Increasing annual precipitation reduced nematode diversity and evenness over time at all sites, but the mechanism behind these temporal responses differed for dry and moist grasslands. In arid and semiarid sites, there was a loss of drought‐adapted rare taxa with increasing precipitation, whereas in mesic conditions increases in the population of predaceous taxa with increasing precipitation may have caused the observed reductions in dominant colonizer taxa and yielded the negative precipitation–diversity relationship. The effects of temporal changes in precipitation on all aspects of the nematode C footprint (respiration, production, and biomass C) were all dependent on the site (significant spatial × temporal precipitation interaction) and consistent with diversity responses at mesic, but not at arid and semiarid, grasslands. These results suggest that free‐living nematode biodiversity and their C footprint will respond to climate change‐driven shifts in water availability and that more frequent extreme wet years may accelerate decomposition and C turnover in semiarid and arid grasslands.