A Proposed Optimization Framework for the Routing Protocols in Adhoc networks
Authors:   Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, QIS College of Engineering and Technology, QISCET, India, V. Pavan Kumar. ,   Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, QIS College of Engineering and Technology, QISCET, India,   Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, QIS College of Engineering and Technology, QISCET, India,   Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, QIS College of Engineering and Technology, QISCET, India, K. Naveen. , S. Deva Krupakaram. , D. Mohan Reddy. 
Published: November 2022

Because of recent advancements in wireless communication and networking, it is now much simpler for people to continue cultivating meaningful connections with one another. After the evolution of the IEEE 802.15.4 standard and Mobile IPv6, which is described in IETF RFC 4068, there is a demand for the design of a routing protocol based on the new architecture of wireless networks that can facilitate efficient communication. This is because the design of a routing protocol that is based on the new architecture of wireless networks is required to meet this demand. This desire has surfaced as a direct result of the necessity to design a protocol that is suitable for usage with the recently developed architecture of wireless networks. Wireless sensor networks, abbreviated as WSN for convenience, are one kind of wireless network that might run into problems with its physical layout. Scalability, energy efficiency, and efficient routing throughout the network are the three problems that need to be addressed here. It changes the way sensing operations are performed from those that can only be done on a small scale, in a centralized location, and at a high cost into those that can be done on a large scale, in a dispersed location, and at a lower cost. This is accomplished by combining extremely small battery-powered sensors with wireless networks. There are literally hundreds of different applications for wireless sensor networks that may be utilized to make complex problems easier to handle. When it comes to the great majority of applications for wireless sensor nodes, the key concern of engineers is the conservation of energy in these nodes. This becomes very important because the amount of energy consumption in sensor nodes should be maintained to a minimum in order to maximize the amount of time that a network can continue to function normally. The creation of a routing algorithm that consumes the least amount of energy possible is the major challenge presented by WSN. Clustering techniques are necessary for the maintenance of the network's available energy, and the k means clustering strategy is used during the formation of clusters in wireless sensor networks (WSN). When there is growth in the network and the topology formation changes because of scalability in the network, a new routing technique has been proposed with a k-means clustering algorithm using IPv6. The goal of this technique is to minimize energy consumption among the nodes while also maintaining a balanced distribution of energy use across the network. This was carried out with the goal of using IPv6, which has already been accomplished. The method of routing that has been presented is suitable for implementation in settings that support not only unicast and multicast routing but also any cast and multicast routing as well as multipath routing. This is done so that load balancing may be implemented successfully inside the network. In addition, research has been done to investigate the problem of finding bottleneck nodes within a WSN in order to make the process of energy conservation easier.