bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study the morphological and optical properties for nanoparticle Sesame by Vibra-Cell Ultrasonic Liquid Processors
Authors: Shakir Zainab H , Ali Alyaa H. , Aadim Kadhim A. , Mazhir Sabah N.
Published: March 2021

Sesame is a plant that possesses many features that go into food, industry and medicine applications, the main objective of the research is to convert the sesame into nano particles using Vibra-Cell Ultrasonic Liquid Processors device. X-ray diffraction was used to ensure that the material does not change in its component, scanning probe microscope SPM was employed to ensure that the sesame is converted to nano particles, and Ultraviolet-visible Spectroscopy was utilized to diagnose of the formed nanomaterial, since the structure and environment of the light absorbing species for the sesame and the nano `sesame effect the particular frequencies
Preparation and characterization of ZnMgO nanostructured materials as a photodetector
Authors: Khashan Khawla S , Mahdi Rana O , Badr Ban A. , Mahdi Farah
Published: March 2021

In this work, ZnMgO/Si Heterojunction Photodetector was fabricated by deposited a Zinc doped Magnesium Oxide (ZnMgO) Nanostructure (prepared via laser ablation in the water) on silicon (Si) substrate using the drop-casting method. X-ray diffraction XRD and scanning electron microscopy SEM were used to obtain properties of the prepared nanostructure material. X-ray diffraction results showed that ZnMgO Nanoparticles have a hexagonal structure at 2Θ = 34:31° and 34.76°. The scanning electron microscopy image displays a flower-like hierarchical structure with a full array of about 2µm. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of ZnMgO/Si Heterostructure Photodetector possess a good rectifying property with suitable an ideality factor which changes from 2.63 to 1.241 as Mg doping increases and in addition to the high spectral responsivity with the low dark current
Study of weathering effects on binary and ternary polymer blends
Authors: Salih Rana M
Published: March 2021

Composite materials were prepared using polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The three polymers were manufactured into binary blends (PP+ PET) and ternary blends which consist of (PC+PP) together as the major constituent, and PET as the minor constituent. The optimum mixing ratio (OMR) of the polymers mentioned previously decided by the tensile test results, so the blend with the highest tensile strength chosen as the composites matrix material to be prepared. The blends employed as composite matrix materials by the addition of 1% wt. of titanium oxide, to assess their resistance to weathering effects (UV spectrum in the current work). Mechanical tests (tensile and impact) conducted to assess the change in properties before and after exposure to the mentioned effects. The reinforced binary and ternary blends showed a higher resistance to U.V. spectrum compared to unreinforced blends, such that the tensile strength and impact strength were higher using TiO2-reinforced specimens than the unreinforced ones.
Effect of Raw-SWCNTs, SWCNTs/Ag-TiO2 nanoparticles for control the biological contaminates in water Treatment
Authors: Mohammed M. K. A. , Mohammed M. R. , Ahmed D. S.
Published: March 2021

In this study, hybrid material like Ag-TiO2 coated single-walled carbon nanotubes (Ag–titania hybrid/SWCNTs) was formation by a multistep chemical procedure and evaluated for their application potentials as an antimicrobial agent for slowing down bacterial growth as bacteriostatic and inactivating pathogenic. The structural and morphological properties of Raw-SWCNTs and SWCNTs/TiO2-Ag nanoparticles were investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Raman spectroscopy improving the polycrystalline structure of Ag and TiO2 NPs decorating SWCNTs due to chemical method. As well as, Raman spectroscopy, reveal the formation of nanocomposite by increasing the intensity of D to G and disorder of carbon structure with Ag-TiO2 interaction. In addition, the antimicrobial properties of nanocomposite material (SWCNTs/TiO2-Ag) were tested against bacterial strains, including E. coli as Gram negative by using standard agar dilution (plate count) method to inhibit microbial growth in water treatment.
Raw bentonite as supplementary cementitious material – a review
Authors: Al-Hammood Amer A , Frayyeh Qais J , Abbas Waleed A
Published: March 2021

Bentonite is a type of clay that consists mainly of the montmorillonite mineral when it is finely ground and used as a partial replacement of Portland cement. The result is the low-cost and eco-friendly cementitious binder. Using this binder leads to modify both fresh and hardened properties of cement paste, mortar, and concrete. The desired modifications include; reduce the heat of hydration, reduce the absorption, promote both sulphates and acids resistance; the undesired effects include: increase water demand, reduce setting time, and declination of the mechanical properties. Although raw bentonite may meet the standard requirements for natural pozzolan, it’s considering as a supplementary cementing material that still lacks conclusive evidence.
Study of the Optical and Structural Properties of PbI2 Thin Films Prepared by Spin Coating Technique at Room Temperature
Authors: Mohammed S M , Amani K H
Published: March 2021

Lead iodide thin films were deposited on a glass substrate using a spin coating technique. Powder of with a concentration (0.2M) was dissolved in a solution of Dimethylformamide (DMF). the thickness of the prepared films was controlled through the time of deposition and the spinning speed. the X-ray patterns show that the PbI2 thin films have hexagonal structures The bandgap of the thin films was measured optically and found to be about 2.45 eV. The FTIR measurements depicted the vibration modes from 1650 to 700 cm−1; the energy bandgap from the diffused reflectivity measurements was 2.4 eV; which is in a good agreement with energy gap from Tauc plot. (FESEM) images shows the nano rod shape of particles with large pores and non uniform distribution of particles
Three Prior Selection Estimate Reliability Function of Exponential Distribution
Authors: Hussein Nabeel A , Hussain Ahmed H , Abbas Sameer A , Salman Abbas M
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we studied the function of reliability for exponential distribution using traditional methods of estimation (Mle, Jackknife). As well as studying Bayes’ methods as only prior and Double priors with a new suggestion used three Prior by using distributions Exponential and Gamma and Chi-Square. An experimental study was conducted to compare these methods and to demonstrate the efficiency of the methods proposed in practice by relying on the generated observations from Exponential distribution. We compare between these methods by using Mean square error (MSE). We did study was performed by using simulation with different values parameter (θ) and different sample sizes ( N=10, 30, 50, 100). With the writing of the simulation program by MATLAB 2015a.
Synthesis and Quantum Chemical Study of Novel Pyridine Derivative Derived from N-Substituted Coumarin
Authors: Ibraheem Hiba H. , Mohammed Mariam M. , Al-Majedy Yasameen K.
Published: March 2021

This work includes a synthesis of 3-acetyl-7-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one (1) through the reaction of 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde with ethyl acetoacetate, then reacted with 4-(dimethylamino) benzaldehyde to produce Coumarinyl Chalcone (2). And cyclization of Coumarinyl Chalcones (2) with malononitrile in the presence of ammonium acetate to produce 2-amino-4-(4-(dimethylamino) phenyl)-6-(7-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl) nicotinonitrile (3). Prepared compounds were diagnosed through melting point, TLC, FT-IR Spectroscopy analysis and1H-NMR. Quantum chemical parameters like highest occupied molecular orbital energy, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy (EHOMO while ELUMO), while dipole moment (μ) was interpretation.
Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of KCsI2 Film Deposited by Spray Pyrolysis
Authors: Moosa Jaafar M , Ismail Raid A , Khulaife Jabbar H
Published: March 2021

A KCsI2 film has been deposited on the glass by chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) technique using an equal mixture of solvent solutions of KI and CsI at substrate temperature in the range of (150-300) °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that potassium cesium iodide films were polycrystalline in nature with centred cubic structure with sharp peaks along (200), (210), (003) and (110) planes. The electrical resistivity of the film increases with increasing the deposition temperatures reaching 3.59x108 Ωcm, while the mobility of films decreases from 1.47x104 to the value of 1.18x102 cm2/Vs after increasing the substrate temperature from 150 to 300 °C. The energy gap of the film increased from 3.25 to 4.15 eV as the substrate temperature increases from 150 to 300 °C.
Effect of Secondary Ionization Coefficient on the Breakdown Voltage in Nitrogen Gas
Authors: Jasim Ammar M , Khlaief Jabbar H , Zamel Rafid S
Published: March 2021

A theoretical investigation of the secondary ionization coefficients that responsible for the ionization current growth in uniform electric field studied. Nitrogen gas was from the range of E/p various 60 to 392 V/cm Torr, which corresponding to low values of pressures (0.05 < p < 0.684 Torr). The secondary ionization coefficients have been calculated using the breakdown criterion condition for a discharge gap in a uniform electric field. Using theoretical values of the primary ionization coefficient determined from numerically solving Boltzmann equation together with the values of the sparking distance (ds) obtained from present work. The program provided all cross-sections data from nitrogen. Experimentally, the measurement of breakdown voltage was taken after fixing sparking distance at ds= 69 cm. The results of the present work showed that, the value of breakdown voltage decreased during the increase of the secondary ionization coefficient value. Furthermore, under very low-pressure range, and within the studied sparking distance ds, the value of secondary ionization coefficient was negligible. During pressure increase, the value of secondary ionization coefficient becomes a saturation value.
Laser synthesis of Si nanopillars-based SERS for efficient chlorpyrifos detection
Authors: Jubaier D. S. , Hamoudi W. K. , Alwan A. M.
Published: March 2021

A uniform and high-density Si nanopillars-based SERS layer was synthesized; as an efficient means, for detecting ultra-low concentration of chlorpyrifos. A low (20 %) laser pulse duty cycle of 405 nm wavelength and 600mW/cm2intensity from a laser diode was used to achieve laser–induced etching. A simple, low-cost, and stable current wave driver circuit was utilized to drive the laser diode. Structural and spectroscopic features of the based SERS layer and AuNPs/Si nano-pillars sensor were studied by scanning probe microscopy, (FESEM) images, x-ray diffraction patterns and Raman spectroscopy. The results revealed that the Si nano-pillars layer provided superior features for creating high density hot spot gaps. A uniform, high population and unique size distributions of (AuNPs) layers on the AuNPs/Si nano-pillars layer were achieved by ion reduction process. The sensor performance displays an excellent detection of chlorpyrifos with an exponential relationship with Raman signal. The highest chlorpyrifos enhancement factor (EF= 1.1*106) with minimum limit of detection (LOD= 22*10−8M); equivalent to 0.07 mg/Kg, was obtained with Si nano pillars of high value altitude populated with partially three dimensions AuNPs layer. This limit of detection is much lower than the recognized (0.1 mg/kg) value by the European Union.
Experimental study of food waste powder FWP influence on compressive and wear behaviour of polyester composite
Authors: Rasheed Zaynab N , Hussein Samah M
Published: March 2021

Composites reinforced by natural fillers approved to have good tribological properties which essentially required in industrial applications demand specific friction coefficient and wear resistance such as flooring materials and brake pads materials…etc. Food wastes powder (FWP) such as crusts are abundant and possess good mechanical properties, these materials evaluated to assess the possibility of using (Polyester/FWP) as a new engineering material with enhanced mechanical properties. In this research, (UPE/FWP) composites prepared by Hand lay-up molding. Compression and wear behavior of UPE composites reinforced with different types of food waste powder FWP have been investigated. Matrix polyester reinforced with four types of FWP (Coconuts Shells, Chestnuts shells, Egg shells, and Pistachio shells) proposed as new engineering materials with enhanced mechanical and frictional properties. The utilize particles size vary between (713.9, 1094.7, 1060.4 and 543.7) nm respectively. Mixing concentration ratio utilize were (2 and 4 wt %) for all. The results showed that all four types of FWP have improved the mechanical and tribological behavior of UPE composites with mild variation. Both, coconuts and chestnuts particles have the significant effect on the compression strength (C.S.), 4wt% ratio present the higher (C.S) value measured for all (FWP) used and the performance increase gradually as filler contain increased. Also, the value of Young’s Modulus observed to be increased as the (FWP) increases and the best value observe at 4wt% (UPE/coconuts shell and UPE/chestnuts shell) composites. Wear rate (W.R.) results present a noticeable reduction during the increase of additive concentration with mild variation. FWP acts as a good reinforcement with polyester composite so the wear resistances consequently increase.
Glucose biosensor electrode fabrication based on CuO /ZnO nanostructures
Authors: Khalef Wafaa K. , Aljubour Ali A. , Faisal Abdulqader D.
Published: March 2021

Zinc oxide nanowires (ZnO NWs) were successfully synthesized by Zn-metal evaporation and deposition of a thin metal film about 20 µm on quartz substrates. Followed by the subsequent oxidation process in the air at 550 oC for 4h. Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were then deposited on ZnO NWs, using the drop-casting technique. The crystal structure and morphology of ZnO nanowires were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results of XRD confirmed that the ZnO has the Wurtizite polycrystalline structure along [101] direction. The SEM images revealed that the highest density of ZnO nanowires was distributed over a large area of the substrate with many wrinkles. The current response to glucose of the CuO/ZnO/Qz electrode gives a linear dependence range from 50 µM to 500 µM of glucose. The typical sample of CuO/ZnO NWs was used for a glucose biosensor electrode. It was found that CuO NPs layer on ZnO NWs has well improved the performance of the electrode and increased the electrocatalytic ability towards glucose oxidation.
Antibacterial activity of Zinc Oxide nanostructured materials synthesis by laser ablation method
Authors: Khashan Khawla S. , Badr Ban A. , Sulaiman Ghassan M. , Jabir Majid S. , Hussain Sura A.
Published: March 2021

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructure (NS) materials with different shapes were synthesis via pulsed laser ablation in water. The characterizations were done using X-ray diffraction XRD, and scanning electron microscopy SEM. The XRD results proved the presence of the (100) and (002) patterns, referring to the ZnO NS. The SEM images show that the structures were changed from flakes with a thickness of about 10-50 nm to spherical like structures with diameter from 24 - 42 nm and high agglomerated. Also, the antibacterial activity of ZnO NS was studied and the results manifested that the inhibition zone inStaphylococcus aureus (S.aureus)is higher than inEscherichia coli (E.coli),which showed an inhibition zone againstS. aureus(21mm), as well as againstE.coliwas (15mm) for ZnO NS prepared at 25 laser pulses, and these activities increased with an increased number of laser pulses for both type of bacteria. Therefore the ZnO NS materials are recommended as a powerful Anti-bacterial material
Using Wheat and Barely Legs for Manufacturing Multi-Applications Composite Material
Authors: Hameed Awham M , Ali Hajer A
Published: March 2021

This research focuses on recycling agriculture waste to produce a composite material that could be utilized for different purposes. The current work is interested to study the role of the interface and the mechanism to enhance the bonding between this type of fibers with resin. This paper introduces an idea to perform chemical treatment with (Ethanol, HCl, NaCl, NaOH) solutions on the fibers to improve the adhesion. The natural fibers named (wheat and barley legs) were used as a reinforcing phase within the polyester resin as a matrix phase to prepare the composite material. The composite material was prepared by hand lay-up method with weight fraction (40%) of natural fibers. Mechanical tests of these composite such as impact, flexural strength, compression tests were carried out. It is found that the treating of these fibers with ethanol gives positive results and enhances the adhesion of the interface between the fibers and the matrix of the composite which leading to an increase in the strength of composite under effect the applied force.
Theoretical and Experimental Estimation of Soil Temperature Distribution in Arid Region
Authors: Younis S E , Shibib K S , Munshid M A
Published: March 2021

In this work, the one-dimensional finite element solution of the transient heat equation was used to calculate the temperature distribution through the soil in the arid region. As an example, Baghdad city was chosen due to the dryness of its weather which can be regarded as an arid region. The solar radiation, ambient temperature, relative humidity, soil thermal properties, soil water content, and wind speed were used as input parameters to the solution to obtain the surface and in-depth temperature distribution in the soil. The solar light components that hit the soil have been obtained theoretically and measured experimentally with good nearby results. The obtained temperature distributions were compared with experimental data and good nearby results could verify the used methodology.
Ferroelectric Photodiode Based on BaTiO3 Nanorods Film
Authors: Sami Aya T , Salman Odai N. , Ismail Mukhlis M.
Published: March 2021

The photodiode e of BT/Si film has successfully fabricated by growing BT on the surface of the p-type Si (100) substrate using the hydrothermal method. BT films were made after preparing TiO2 film and deposited on a Si substrate via screen printing method. The structural, optical, electrical properties of the fabricated films were done. The morphology and distribution of the BT nanoparticles were homogenous and in the form of nanorods of 1.5 micron height through FESEM image. The I-V characteristic was conducted in dark and illuminate conditions with a Xenon lamp. The crystallite D size and strain were calculated using the Williamson Hall plot of BT film. The band gap of BT film is calculated using the Tauc and reflection method. The value of the energy gap extracted using the reflection method was greater than it was when using the Tawc method. The dark and (b) illuminated (J-V) characteristics have measured under simulated AM1 conditions for a BT/Si photodiode. The BT/Si film begins to become more conductive when illuminating power density increased, which qualifies the film for photovoltaic applications.
Synthesis and characterization of tellurium oxide nanoparticles using pulse laser ablation and study their antibacterial activity
Authors: Khalef Wafaa K. , Marzoog Thoria R. , Faisal Abdulqader D.
Published: March 2021

In this study, tellurium oxide (TeO2) nanoparticles were synthesized via PLA of tellurium targets with a 1064 nm laser in distilled water. The morphology and the particle size of the nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) respectively. The optical properties were studied by UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. Tellurium oxide nanoparticles with diameters of 55 nm were formed in a colloid solution. The UV–vis spectrum of the material shows a strong peak of around 200 nm. In addition, the morphology of gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive attachment of TeO2nanoparticles was studied by using SEM measurement. The activity of TiO2nanoparticles toward the inhibition and removal of Escherichia coli, Proteus, Pseudomonas bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus was investigated and discussed.
Preparation and Characterization of CuS Nanoparticles Prepared by Two-Phase Colloidal Method
Authors: Al-Jawad Selma M. H. , Taha Ali A. , Muhsen Mustafa M.
Published: March 2021

In this paper, two-phase colloidal method was employed to synthesis CuS nanoparticles with different Cu : S ratios. The characterization of prepared CuS involves structural, morphological and optical properties analysis. X-Ray Diffractometer indicate that the covellite CuS have hexagonal structure. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope showed the formation of spherical nanostructure of CuS. UV-Visible Spectrophotometer showed the two absorption peaks of CuS nanoparticles one at UV-Visible region and the second at near infra-red region and the energy gap increase with sulfur content.
Synthesis and characterization of cordierite ceramic through reaction sintering kaolin and spent magnesia-carbon bricks
Authors: Ladjama S , Grid A , Touati N , Mebrek A , Rezzag H , Bouchoucha S
Published: March 2021

The main objective of this work is to study and characterization of a refractory material made of a mixture of natural raw material and spent refractory bricks. Relative weight ratios of 25/75 and 75/25 were studied in order to obtain cordierite ceramics having an important class in the field of refractories with the stoichiometric formula (2MgO. 2Al2O3. 5SiO2), by mixing the raw material of Kaolin with spent brick powder magnesia-carbon (MgO-C). The mixtures were sintered at 1200, 1300 and 1400°C for 2 h. The phase composition of the sintered samples was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), porosity and density are presented and discussed. The results obtained reveal that when the level of spent brick is high ≥75%, the formation of only a spinel phase and periclase were observed, however where the kaolin level is predominant we observe the formation of the cordierite phase at 1300°C. The morphology obtained by SEM confirmed these results.
Characterization of Thin Films of Graphene Nanosheets Prepared with Low-Cost Technique
Authors: Khattab Noor , Habib Nasser A. , Abdul Hussein Adi M. , Adnan Ihab
Published: March 2021

Exploring and adjusting techniques to synthesis Graphene Nano-sheets (GNS) becomes strongly pursued due to the unique physical and mechanical properties in the desired applications. In this work, Multi-layer thin films of (GNS) were deposited on glass slides using a non-premixed flame technique. The aim was to prepare the homogeneous structure of films with fewer defects. Propane gas was used at monitored temperatures (400-500)°C, under atmospheric pressure. Morphological characteristics of (GNS) were analyzed by optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrometer was used and showed high transmittance via the prepared films which close to nano-size thickness, it increased with increasing the temperature corresponding to about 13 and 11 layers at 400°C and 500°C respectively. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) test illustrated the polycrystalline pattern of (GNS) with sharp peaks at 2θ= 14.22° and 2θ=17.03° that corresponds to the interlayer distances of 6.22 Å and 5.2 Å respectively. However, the broad peak at 2θ= 25.9° for (002) direction matches up with an interlayer space of 3.43Å which refers to ordinary graphite layers presence. The concluded results provided an essential advantage of producing Multilayers of (GNS) with high characteristics.
Structural, surface morphology and optical properties of annealing treated Copper Phthalocyanine doped Fullerene (CuPc: C60) thin films
Authors: Abdulameer Ameer F. , Abbas Lamiaa K. , Sadeq Noor S. , Mohammadsalih Zaid G.
Published: March 2021

The doping process with materials related to carbon has become a newly emerged approach for achieving an improvement in different physical properties for the obtained doped films. Thin films of CuPc: C60 with doping ratio of (100:1) were spin-coated onto pre-cleaned glass substrates at room temperature. The prepared films were annealed at different temperatures of (373, 423 and 473) K. The structural studies, using a specific diffractometry of annealed and as deposited samples showed a polymorphism structure and dominated by CuPc with preferential orientation of the plane (100) of (2θ = 7) except at temperature of 423K which indicated a small peak around (2θ = 31) for C60. AFM remarks showed the existence of a compact packing film with a smooth surface. The FTIR spectra emphasized the bonding between CuPc and C60. UV-Vis Absorption spectroscopy confirmed that the CuPc was dominating the optical properties with a small shift in Q band towards higher wavelengths.
Reduction of Nonlinear Mode Coupling in Mode Division Multiplexing Systems Based on Wavelength Interleaving Method
Authors: Hamed E K , Hmood J K , Munshid M A
Published: March 2021

Mode division multiplexing (MDM) based few-mode fiber (FMF) transmission scheme is considered as one of the promising choices when one trying to achieve high bit rates in cascade to reduced cost per bit and upgrading the fiber capacity. Nonlinear mode coupling over FMFs can be addressed as the main degradation issue that can limit the efforts to reach their full capacity. In this work, we propose a new method to reduce nonlinear modal coupling by suppressing phase matching between different fiber modes using wavelength interleaving (WI) technique. This technique relays on interleave the optical carrier wavelength in a specific mode from those in adjacent ones. The five modes MDM system is analytically modeled and numerically demonstrated. Each spatial mode is modulated by a 4-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (4QAM) format with a symbol rate of 20 Gsymbol/s. The results reveal that the nonlinear phase (NLP) noise is reduced and the signal to noise ratio (SNR) is increased when applying the WI method. Additionally, it turned out that analytical and numerical results are in good agreement with each other.
Crosslinking Density Characteristics of a Nanocomposite Elastomer
Authors: Habib N. A. , Jabbar Ahmed S , Hassan F. L. , Intan N. I.
Published: March 2021

Nanocomposites elastomers are being developed in the field of nanomaterials as it has low weight and high properties compared to the conventional rubbers. Acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) is used in automobile parts due to its ability to resist oil. In this research, Carbon Black nanoparticles (CBnp) type FEF N550 was used to reinforce this rubber to reduce the swelling ratio. Therefore, physicochemical characteristics were investigated for five different samples of vulcanized CBnp/NBR nanocomposites with 0, 0.2, 0.6, 1.2 and 2.4 phr of CBnp using the solution mixing method. The homogeneity of these nanocomposites was evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Furthermore, the influence of different contents of CBnp on the tensile strength was analyzed. The results showed that the crosslinking densities in the CBnp/NBR nanocomposites structure have been improved compared with the neat vulcanized NBR and the mechanical properties as well. t’s an essential result which can employ it to prepare washers (rubber rings) resist against oils for several applications.
The development of prepaid water meters based on AT89S52 Microcontroller
Authors: Nurhayata I G , Sutaya I W , Ariawan K U
Published: March 2021

A prepaid water meter is a device for controlling the volume of customer water usage with a water pulse system. Currently, the prepaid water meter implements a card system as a storage area for customer water pulse data by filling it via a keypad. This research aimed to develop a prepaid digital water meter using EEPROM memory as a storage area for customers’ water pulses by filling it with a remote control based on the AT89S52 microcontroller. The research method is carried out by developing hardware and software, as well as testing the overall system performance. The results showed that the prepaid water meter system worked well to control the work of the solenoid valve in adjusting the volume of water consumption according to the number of water pulses in the EEPROM memory. Also, the system worked well in the process of recharging water pulses on prepaid water meters via remote control.
The use of iot technology based on the forward chaining method to monitor the feasibility of rice field
Authors: Sastrawan I G P , Gunadi I G A , Ernanda K Y
Published: March 2021

This study is aimed to implement a system based on the forward chaining algorithm to provide real-time information on irrigation and soil feasibility. There are three aspects studied, namely, water level, soil moisture, and temperature. The system developed uses an ultrasonic sensor as a water level detector, a soil moisture sensor as a soil moisture detector, and a DS18B20 sensor for measuring temperature. This system uses the ISP8266 module NodeMCU microcontroller as a Wi-Fi module and uses a solar cell to utilize the sun as an environmentally friendly power supply. Two tests were carried out, including laboratory testing and field testing. Laboratory testing shows that the system works with an accuracy of 57%. Tests were carried out on the three aspects studied. Meanwhile, field testing shows that some of the rice fields in Cekik Hamlet are not yet suitable for processing based on land feasibility. There are 8 paddy fields with an average area of 25 square meters, and they are named rice fields B, C, D, E, F, G, H, and I. The test results showed that the lands suitable for work are rice field B and rice field E. The feasibility value is measured based on water availability above 3 cm, wet soil moisture with a value of 300 or below 300, and a temperature below 25 degrees Celsius. Validation was obtained from farmers, the head of rice field irrigation (Prajuru Subak), and agricultural extension workers. It can be concluded that the system developed has been able to provide information on irrigation or water availability and the feasibility of cultivating the land in real-time.
Analysis of jejak bali virtual class using usability testing, including concurrent think aloud techniques and performance measurement techniques
Authors: Jaya M P , Dantes G R , Candiasa M
Published: March 2021

Jejak Bali is a website created specifically by PUSTEKKOM to manage learning activities so Bali Provincial Education Office can carry out supervision and guidance for e-learning in Bali. Many obstacles were experienced by teachers and students when using Jejak Bali. It encouraged the design of a study looking at the usability of a system from a user perspective to increase user satisfaction. The methods used were usability testing technique, Concurrent Think Aloud, and Performance Measurement which measured the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction. The population of this study were teachers and students from SMAN 2 and SMKN 3 Denpasar. In measuring Performance Measurement and CTA, the sample used consisted of 40 participants including teachers and students as well as 86 users who used the questionnaire SUS. The results of the research were: (1) Jejak Bali, for teacher and student users, was still ineffective because there were still errors made while doing the assigned assignments, (2) Jejak Bali which was seen from the time when teacher and student users were working was still inefficient because of the differences of the significant time from the advanced group to the beginners, (3) Jejak Bali still did not meet user satisfaction as seen from the results of the SUS questionnaire recapitulation in which a teacher scored 49.0 and a student scored 48.3. Because the value obtained was below 60 in the percentile rank, so it can be concluded that Jejak Bali still did not meet usability good as seen from the results obtained.
User experience evaluation of academic progress information systems using retrospective think aloud and user experience questionnaire
Authors: Gunawan I M A O , Indrawan G , Sariyasa
Published: March 2021

SIsKA-NG is the result of advanced development of the thesis management information system at the Computer Science Study Program, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha. Usability evaluation needs to validate development results based on user requirements. This research aimed to identify problems and user satisfaction when using SIsKA-NG with student access. This research used Retrospective Think Aloud in specifying difficulties or user suggestions and User Experience Questionnaires to obtain user satisfaction scores. An evaluation was carried out on 20 respondents who were selected using simple random sampling from 139 active SIsKA-NG users. Retrospective Think Aloud produced 4 recommendations for improvement of SIsKA-NG. User satisfaction analysis showed that all aspects of the user experience were in the excellent category. The average score for each aspect was as follows: attractiveness aspect was 2,23; perspicuity aspect was 2,30; efficiency aspect was 2,49; dependability aspect was 2,55; stimulation aspect was 2,30; and novelty aspect was 2,35. Future research will focus on the evaluation of SIsKA-NG in all other study programs at Postgraduate program in Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha.
Rindik rod sound separation with spectral subtraction method
Authors: Christian Y , Darmawan I D M B A
Published: March 2021

Rindik is a traditional music instrument originated from Bali that consists of 11 bamboo rods and played by a person hitting the bamboo rod with a rubber mallet in each player’s hands. Documentation of Rindik songs with automatic music transcription work is easier to do by separating it first. To overcome that challenge, two Rindik rods sound were separated using the spectral subtraction method. The noise spectrum is the spectrum of a single rod sound that needs to be muffled. The resulting audio is the other single rod sound and vice versa to get both single rod sound. The data consisted of single rod hit sound recordings of 11 single rod sound and 55 combinations of two-rods sounds being hit at the same time. The performance of the spectral subtraction method in separating Rindik sound was measured with MSE and SIR and also heard the noise exists in the separated audio signal. The experiment demonstrated a state-of-the-art performance consists of spectral subtraction with squared noise average magnitude with average MSE value 0.0126 and average SIR value 55.68 dB.
Usability testing and the social analysis on online counselling system for recommendations in technical vocational schools
Authors: Pageh I M , Permana A A J , Suranata K
Published: March 2021

With the great numbers of vocational schools in Indonesia, there should be plenty of jobs available and to decrease the number of unemployment. The purpose of this research was to help schools to assist students in choosing major courses that suit their skills and interests so the students could feel motivated to participate in the learning process and in the end, they could understand the lesson well. Placement test was carried out to determine the prior knowledge of new students so that they could easily be directed to the appropriate courses. The results of the test were analyzed as a basis to conduct counselling to students. This research was developed by using the R&D method and the final product was in the form of a computer application. This application was tested at SMKN Bali Mandara. The results showed that the application can help students to choose major courses that fit their interests, and have counselling based on the results of the test. It needs to be tested again regarding its usability by using the System Usability Scale (SUS) to measure the level of user satisfaction. The test results in the range of 66,125, this means it is good.
Educational big data infrastructure: opportunities, design and challenges
Authors: Putrama I M , Pradnyana G A , Paramartha A A G Y , Darmawiguna I G M , Wirawan I M A , Pascima I B N , Wijaya I N S W , Aryanto K Y E
Published: March 2021

The importance of data to help the management of educational institutions in decision making is recognized by all parties to improve the quality and competitiveness of their alumnus in society. However, to process aBig Data, facilities and resource capabilities are needed to convert the data into information that can be easily visualized and consumed by various interested parties. As the inefficiency of the old technology use in helping the businesses’ needs, the infrastructure of the big data is important. Big data presents various challenges in infrastructure provision and resource constraints as well as privacy and security concerns. This paper provides an initial development of how to build Big Data infrastructure in an educational institution that is adaptable to existing conditions which provide considerable performance and capabilities to perform information mining to assist in decision making. The scenarios, in this case, provide valuable additional insights for organizations to apply to their environment and can be leveraged to reach critical decision making through data visualization.
Designing the balinese script-to-speech synthesis system using noto serif balinese font
Authors: Setiawan M H , Aditya M W , Loekito L H , Indrawan G
Published: March 2021

The existence of regional languages shows an identity of the existence of a tribe. Indonesia has many regional languages, one of which is Balinese with Balinese script as input for the script which comes from Sanskrit. Reading Balinese script requires knowledge of Balinese script and Balinese culture in order to be able to correctly pronounce the written Balinese script. Since learning Balinese script took a long learning process, it certainly causes a slowdown in knowledge about how to read the Balinese script. Therefore, it is necessary to have a system that can translate Balinese script into a speech so that it can be used in learning the Balinese script without any mistakes in pronouncing vowels. This research designed a system synthesis of Balinese script into a speech with the system synthesis method of Noto Serif Balinese Font which consists of three processes namely text pre-processing, prosody generation, and concatenation. Concatenation or combining speech will use the Pitch Synchronous Overlap Add Method (PSOLA). The result to be achieved in this research is to be able to decompose the Unicode from the Noto Serif Balinese font into a sentence which then this sentence will become a message. In the future, this research can use input from an image to directly enter into speech. Making it easier for users to translate the Balinese script.
The Development of search engine service for official academic documents
Authors: Paramartha A A G Y , Dewi L J E
Published: March 2021

Document search engines are necessary in educational institutions, where search engines are expected to find the right document quickly. Academic official documents are generally private so that public search engines such as Google cannot index and search these documents. Therefore, we need a specific search engine developed for educational institutions’ needs, in this case, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha. This article discussed how to develop an academic official document search engine, starting from data retrieval and extraction, query parser development, and search engine evaluation. The query parser developed utilized the field annotation mapping mechanism and n-gram keyword mapping. The evaluation results showed a significant increase in performance compared to only using Solr’s Standard Query Parser.
Business process improvement design of complaints on technical information system problems using the business process improvement method
Authors: Pradnyana I M A , Listartha I M E
Published: March 2021

Various attempts were made to optimize the quality of ICT services. UPT. TIK Undiksha is one of the ICT organizational units that have been supporting business processes for Undiksha’s main business processes to produce quality graduates. This study aims to provide recommendations for the improvement of one of the business processes at UPT. TIK Undiksha. The researcher proposes a business process design to be used as complaints regarding on technical information systems problems (To-Be) based on the results of the As-Is business process modelling and evaluation of the problems. Business Process Improvement (BPI) method was used for the analysis, evaluation, and recommendations for business process improvement. Further, the streamlining tools proposed to optimize the As-Is the business processes are standardization and upgrading. The simulation results show that the use of resources and time for the design business process was decreased compared to the current business process.
Evaluation of contrast enhancement methods on finger vein NIR images
Authors: Maysanjaya I M D , Kesiman M W A , Putrama I M
Published: March 2021

Biometrics is a technology used to identify a person based on physical characteristics and behavioural characteristics. Biometrics is used to increase the importance of personal data. However, many biometric models can be manipulated, such as fingerprints. To cover the fragility, a biometric pattern based on a blood vein, such as a finger vein pattern, was developed. To obtain a clear image of the finger vein, one of the acquisition toolsused is called Near-Infrared (NIR). Despite using NIR technology in the acquisition process, it is not uncommon for the finger vein pattern to be unclear. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to increase the contrast quality of the image. This study proposes the use of the BPDFHE method to improve the contrast quality of finger vein NIR images. As a comparison material for performance tests, the HE, AHE, and CLAHE methods were also tested. The test is carried out according to AMBE, PSNR, SSIM, FSIM, and computation time parameters. Based on the test, the results showed that the BPDFHE obtains AMBE, PSNR, SSIM, and FSIM up to 0.054, 26.873, 0.840, and 0.906, respectively. It also gains less computation time up to 10.988 seconds. These results indicate that BPDFHE is an effective and efficient method in improving the contrast quality of finger vein NIR images.
Content development of flipped classroom-based for microteaching course
Authors: Sugihartini N , Wahyuni D S , Dewi K S
Published: March 2021

This research was proposed to develop and generate a flipped learning based instructional media for the Microteaching course, to improve students’ concept mastery and teaching skills. ADDIE was used as the research method to achieve the goal of this research, which consists of 1) analysis, 2) design, 3) development, 4) implementation, 5) evaluation. In the first step, the analysis of the system needs and the analysis of TIU/TIK on the microteaching course based on the syllabus. In the second step, the design of flipped classroom-based microteaching content systematics and the design of system, database, and interface were carried out. In the third step, the development step was the following step of all that had been designed. The arrangement of microteaching content followed the syllabus and the integration into the learning management system by using Moodle. The implementation step was to insert the microteaching content into Moodle as the platform. In the evaluation step, several tests were carried out on the expert, including design expert, content expert, and media expert.
Do educational robotics competitions impact students’ learning?
Authors: Zuhrie M S , Buditjahjanto I G P A , Nurlaela L , Basuki I
Published: March 2021

The development of robot technology has grown rapidly. Robots have been widely used in various aspects to help human’s interests. In the education sector, robots have also been used as a learning tool to assist in studying fields such as science and technology. Currently, to encourage the development of robots in the education sector, robot competitions are held with various kinds of events. The types of robots developed to participate in robot competitions are also varied, such as mobile robot contest, modular robot contest, humanoid robot contest, flying robot contest, underwater robot contest, innovation robot contest, brick robot contest, and VR robot contest. The robot competition events are held nationally and internationally. The purposes of this study were to identify what kind of skills obtained by students after following the learning process using educational robotics competitions and to determine the appropriate learning model for the use of educational robotics competitions in studying the field of science and technology. This research was a literature review research. The research method was the Comprehensive Literature Review (CLR). This method has three phases such as 1) exploring phase, 2) interpretation phase, and 3) communication phase. The results showed that the learning model that was widely used in educational robotics competitions was project-based learning and was followed by problem-based learning. The skills obtained were to assist understanding science and technology, to develop computer programming skills, to sharpen problem-solving capability, to foster creativity and innovation, to bridge the gap between theory and practice, and to practice teamwork and social skills.
The principles of blended learning design with heutagogy approach thourgh e-ganesha moodle in indonesian language learning
Authors: Dewantara I P M , Dibia I K
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to discover the principles of blended learning design with a heutagogy approach through e-ganesha Moodle. The research design used was a qualitative design with Design Based Research (DBR) method. The subjects of this study were students, lecturers, and education experts. The research setting was Indonesian language subject at the Ganesha University of Education. The data collection method used were observation and interviews, while the data were analysed by using the technique proposed by Miles and Huberman. The results showed that there were 8 principles of blended learning design with a heutagogy approach, including (1) the curriculum was open or flexible so that it could be adjusted to the characteristics of students; (2) Learners acted as drivers in determining learning paths, activities, and contents; (3) Preparation of students before the curriculum discussion needed to be done by sending materials before discussions related to learning activities were carried out; (4) Educators acted as facilitators to assist students in increasing self-efficacy; (5) Students were involved in the design of the assessment that was enforced and had flexibility by looking at the existing situation; (6) Synchronous and asynchronous modes occurred individually or collaboratively; (7) Synchronous and asynchronous modes by looking at the involvement of technology and the independence of students could be divided into 6 learning mode designs, namely (a) face to face, (b) face to face tutorial, (c) virtual face, (d) full instruction and content, (e) semi instruction and content, and (f) independent learning; and (8) Reflecting on learning to increase self-efficacy.