bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantification of the Total and Extractable Content of Micro- and Trace Elements in Linden Blossom and Infusions—The Impact of Urban Pollution on Health Risk for Samples from Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Authors: Varbanova Evelina , Georgieva Deyana , Stefanova Violeta
Published: December 2024

Linden (Tilia) is one of the most frequently utilized plants for the preparation of infusions because of its salutary effects, including the reduction in inflammatory processes and pain, alleviation of stress, and lowering of blood pressure. As Linden is a common species in Bulgarian cities, it is frequently used for homemade infusions. The regular consumption of these tea beverages may contribute to the attainment of the recommended daily allowances of certain minerals, but it may also result in the accumulation of toxic elements within the human body. The present study compares the concentrations of essential and toxic elements in linden blossom collected from disparate locations in Plovdiv, Bulgaria, with those of samples gathered in ecologically pristine regions and commercially available products labeled “bio”. Both total element content and extractable forms in infusions were quantified by ICP-MS. The health risk due to consuming infusions was assessed by comparing the water, tea, drinks, and EFSA regulations. The applied cluster analysis divided the samples from the urban area into three groups related to traffic pollution. In spite of the short blooming period, the concentrations of Al, Fe, Pb, V, Cr, Co, Ni, and Cd in the samples from the most polluted areas are increased by a factor of two compared to those from the clean zones.
Bending Properties of Finger-Jointed Bamboo Scrimber Composite Beams
Authors: Huang Chengjian , Bao Yongjie , Li Neng , Shu Yi
Published: December 2024

The finger-joint technique is an effective and economical method for producing bamboo scrimber composites for structural engineering and construction applications. This study investigates the failure modes and mechanical strength of finger-jointed bamboo scrimber specimens and composite beams loaded parallel and perpendicular to the finger profile orientation. Results indicate that the primary failure mode in finger-jointed bamboo scrimber specimens is damage to the finger-joint area. In V-type composite beams, primary failure was observed as the separation of laminated boards and finger joints, while in H-type beams, large cracks formed and expanded alongside finger joint damage. No statistically significant difference was observed in the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) between the two types of finger-jointed bamboo scrimber. However, the MOR of the finger-jointed bamboo scrimber specimens decreased significantly, by more than 50% compared to the control, while the MOE increased. The ultimate load capacity and displacement of the V-type beams were higher. Under bending, the V-type beams demonstrated elastic deformation, whereas the H-type beams exhibited initial elastic deformation followed by elasto-plastic deformation. Strain distribution along the height of both beam types remained linear, consistent with the plane-section assumption.
Deep Learning Approach for Studying Forest Types in Restored Karst Rocky Landscapes: A Case Study of Huajiang, China
Authors: Wan Jiaxue , Zhou Zhongfa , Zhu Meng , Wang Jiale , Zheng Jiajia , Wang Changxiang , Wu Xiaopiao , Liu Rongping
Published: December 2024

Forest restoration landscapes are vital for restoring native habitats and enhancing ecosystem resilience. However, field monitoring (lasting months to years) in areas with complex surface habitats affected by karst rocky desertification is time-consuming. To address this, forest structural parameters were introduced, and training samples were optimized by excluding fragmented samples and those with a positive case ratio below 30%. The U-Net instance segmentation model in ArcGIS Pro was then applied to classify five forest restoration landscape types: intact forest, agroforestry, planted forest, unmanaged, and managed naturally regenerated forests. The optimized model achieved a 2% improvement in overall accuracy, with unmanaged and intact forests showing the highest increases (7%). Incorporating tree height and age improved the model’s accuracy by 3.5% and 1.9%, respectively, while biomass reduced it by 2.9%. RGB imagery combined with forest height datasets was most effective for agroforestry and intact forests, RGB imagery with aboveground biomass was optimal for unmanaged naturally regenerated forests, and RGB imagery with forest age was most suitable for managed naturally regenerated forests. These findings provide a practical and efficient method for monitoring forest restoration and offer a scientific basis for sustainable forest management in regions with complex topography and fragile ecosystems.
Morpho-Physiological Adjustment of Swietenia humilis Zucc. Plants to Varied Nutrient and Light Conditions and Their Performance in Nurseries and Fields Under Soils with Different Preparations
Authors: Calixto-Valencia Celi Gloria , Cetina-Alcalá Víctor M. , Antúnez Pablo , López-López Miguel Á. , Ángeles-Pérez Gregorio , Equihua-Martínez Armando , Basave-Villalobos Erickson
Published: December 2024

To enhance the plantation performance of Swietenia humilis Zucc., a threatened precious woody species from the dry tropics of Latin America, this study examined its morpho-physiological responses to variations in nutrient and light availability. We established a nursery trial with factorial treatments: three levels of fertilization (4, 6, and 8 g L−1 of substrate using a controlled-release fertilizer, CRF, 18-6-12) and two shade intensities (60% and 40%), alongside a full sun treatment. The field performance of nursery-raised plants was evaluated under two site conditions (with and without mechanical soil preparation) over 48 months. In the nursery, S. humilis exhibited diverse morpho-physiological characteristics influenced by the studied factors, with optimal growth observed at 6 g of the CRF and 40% shade. Mechanical soil preparation significantly improved plant survival, reducing mortality risk by 99.16% and increasing survival probability to nearly 75%. Height growth was also enhanced, being 2.5 times greater in the prepared site compared to that in the unprepared one. S. humilis showed acclimatization in the field, producing new foliage with high chlorophyll content. In conclusion, nursery management and soil site preparation influence the field performance of S. humilis. These findings have practical implications for improving the management of S. humilis in plantations across the dry tropics.
Analysis and Optimization of Driving Performance for Tree Transplanting Machine in Hilly Mountainous Areas
Authors: Chen Yexin , Zhu Jianxi , Yao Liwen , Yang Zidong , Hu Zhongqiang , Xu Lijun , Yao Lijian
Published: December 2024

A structural optimization scheme for the prototype is proposed to improve the driving performance of tree transplanting machines operating in hilly and mountainous environments. Through theoretical analysis of the tree transplanting machine’s stability and passability, we determined the relationship between the center of gravity offset distance and overall performance when climbing slopes and crossing steps and trenches. This analysis determined the optimal parameter for the center of gravity offset distance. Subsequently, the prototype structure was optimized, and the center of gravity position was adjusted accordingly. The stability and passability of the prototype were simulated using the multi-body dynamics analysis software RecurDyn V9R4. Finally, the driving performance of the optimized prototype is evaluated through extensive tests. The test results revealed that the optimized prototype achieves the maximum lateral travel and longitudinal climbing angle of more than 30°, the maximum height over steps of 330 mm, and the maximum width across trenches of 890 mm. The outcomes of the real-vehicle tests are largely consistent with the simulation results, and the test outcomes meet the driving performance requirements for transplanting operations in hilly and mountainous terrains.
Active Displacement of a Unique Diatom–Ciliate Symbiotic Association
Authors: Garcia Yonara , Neves Felipe M. , Rusch Flavio R. , De La Cruz Leandro T. , Wosniack Marina E. , Strickler J. Rudi , da Luz Marcos G. E. , Lopes Rubens M.
Published: December 2024

Adaptive movement in response to individual interactions represents a fundamental evolutionary solution found by both unicellular organisms and metazoans to avoid predators, search for resources or conspecifics for mating, and engage in other collaborative endeavors. Displacement processes are known to affect interspecific relationships, especially when linked to foraging strategies. Various displacement phenomena occur in marine plankton, ranging from the large-scale diel vertical migration of zooplankton to microscale interactions around microalgal cells. Among these symbiotic interactions, collaboration between the centric diatom Chaetoceros coarctatus and the peritrich ciliate Vorticella oceanica is widely known and has been recorded in several studies. Here, using 2D and 3D tracking records, we describe the movement patterns of the non-motile, chain-forming diatoms (C. coarctatus) carried by epibiotic ciliates (V. oceanica). The reported data on the Chaetoceros–Vorticella association illustrated the consortium’s ability to generate distinct motility patterns. We established that the currents generated by the attached ciliates, along with the variability in the contraction and relaxation of ciliate stalks in response to food concentration, resulted in three types of trajectories for the consortium. The characteristics of these distinct paths were determined using robust statistical methods, indicating that the different displacement behaviors allowed the consortium to adequately explore distributed resources and remain within the food-rich layers provided in the experimental containers. A simple mechanical–stochastic model was successfully applied to simulate the observed displacement patterns, further supporting the proposed mechanisms of collective response to the environment.
Transcriptomic Characterization of Genes Harboring Markers Linked to Maize Yield
Authors: Tomkowiak Agnieszka , Jamruszka Tomasz , Bocianowski Jan , Sobiech Aleksandra , Jarzyniak Karolina , Lenort Maciej , Mikołajczyk Sylwia , Żurek Monika
Published: December 2024

Background: It is currently believed that breeding priorities, including maize breeding, should focus on introducing varieties with greater utility value, specifically higher yields, into production. Global modern maize breeding relies on various molecular genetics techniques. Using the above mentioned technologies, we can identify regions of the genome that are associated with various phenotypic traits, including yield, which is of fundamental importance for understanding and manipulating these regions. Objectives: The aim of the study was to analyze the expression of candidate genes associated with maize yield. To better understand the function of the analyzed genes in increasing maize yield, their expression in different organs and tissues was also assessed using publicly available transcriptome data. Methods: RT-qPCR analyses were performed using iTaq Universal SYBR Green Supermix (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) and CFX96 Touch Real-Time PCR Detection System (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). Each of the performed RT-qPCR experiments consisted of three biological replicates and three technical replicates, the results of which were averaged. Results: The research results allowed us to select three out of six candidate genes (cinnamoyl-CoA reductase 1—CCR1, aspartate aminotransferase—AAT and sucrose transporter 1—SUT1), which can significantly affect grain yield in maize. Not only our studies but also literature reports clearly indicate the participation of CCR1, AAT and SUT1 in the formation of yield. Identified molecular markers located within these genes can be used in breeding programs to select high yielding maize genotypes.
Associations Among Reduced Income, Unhealthy Habits, the Prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases, and Multimorbidity in Middle-Aged and Older US Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Pereira-Payo Damián , Pastor-Cisneros Raquel , Mendoza-Muñoz María , Carrasco-Marcelo Lucía
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Evidence supports the relationships between socioeconomic status and access to health care, incidence of pathologies, and lifestyle. Objective: The aim of this research was to investigate whether there are associations between having a household income below the poverty line, and participation in unhealthy lifestyle habits, the prevalence of non-communicable diseases, and the number of comorbidities in US middle-aged and older adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study is based on the NHANES 2011–2020. A total of 10,788 US middle-aged and older adults (5653 males and 5135 females) participated in this research. Associations were studied through the Chi-squared test, and odds ratios were calculated using a binary logistic regression model. Results: There were associations between a household income below the poverty line and physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, and being or having been an alcoholic. Associations were found between this adverse economic situation and having hypertension, diabetes, liver disease, kidney problems, arthritis, congestive heart failure, angina pectoris, heart attack, stroke, and also with having two or more, three or more, four or more, and five or more comorbidities. Increased odds of being involved in these unhealthy habits and of suffering these diseases and multimorbidity were found for those with a family income below the poverty threshold. Conclusions: The existence of associations between having a family income under the poverty threshold and having unhealthy habits, suffering non-communicable diseases, and having multimorbidity is confirmed in US middle-aged and older adults. Increased odds for various non-communicable diseases, multimorbidity, and for being involved in these unhealthy habits were found for this low-income group. These findings should serve to draw the attention of policy makers to the increased health vulnerability of the adult population below the poverty line in the US.
Various Forms of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Their Effect on Frailty Syndrome in Cardiac Patients—A Systematic Review
Authors: Wójciak Magdalena , Świątoniowska-Lonc Natalia , Węgrzynowska-Teodorczyk Kinga
Published: December 2024

Background: The growing population of the elderly is accompanied by an increase in the number of people with frailty syndrome. Apart from advanced age, the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases is also one of the agents favorable to frailty that is a factor aggravating the disease prognosis. However, it is worth noting that this is an agent changeable by, i.a., movement rehabilitation. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) based on comprehensiveness, early implementation, and multiplicity is standard intervention in patients with cardiovascular diseases. In cardiac patients with accompanying frailty or pre-frailty syndrome, it is worth making efforts to upgrade the CR program. Methods: Studies on the effect of cardiac rehabilitation or its modifications on the level of frailty of patients with cardiovascular disease were analyzed. Results: Training programs based on endurance training should be supplemented by resistance, balance, mobility, and respiratory exercises. Furthermore, it is important to educate patients about the need to increase daily physical activity. This review presents different approaches to CR (traditional CR, multicomponent training, training with a HAL (Hybrid Assistive Limb), and prehabilitation) and their impact on frailty score. Summary: Early implemented and comprehensive rehabilitation allows for the improvement of the clinical state and for a decrease in overall frailty. It also guarantees safety during everyday activities. It is crucial for the fitness of the elderly to encourage them to increase daily physical activity and to exercises at home.
The Evil Twins of Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome and Endometriosis
Authors: Inzoli Alessandra , Barba Marta , Costa Clarissa , Carazita Valeria , Cola Alice , Fantauzzi Martina , Passoni Paolo , Polizzi Serena , Frigerio Matteo
Published: December 2024

Background: Chronic pelvic pain is a debilitating condition affecting quality of life. Endometriosis is one of the leading causes of CPP, but recent studies highlighted the role of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/PBS) in causing CPP. Only some studies addressed the coexistence of these two conditions, which seems more frequent than what is supposed, leading to diagnostic delays and unnecessary surgeries. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the estimate of the prevalence of the comorbidity of endometriosis and IC/PBS. Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature indexed on PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane using a combination of keywords and text words represented by “painful bladder syndrome”, “endometriosis”, “interstitial cystitis”, and “bladder pain syndrome”. We performed a meta-analysis of the results. Results: The meta-analysis shows that the coexistence of endometriosis and IC/PBS in women with CPP ranged from 15.5% to 78.3%, which is higher than the prevalence of IC/PBS in the general population. Conclusions: Prevalence data about the coexistence of endometriosis and IC/PBS are highly heterogeneous, probably due to the paucity of available data. However, in cases of endometriosis unresponsive to treatment, other reasons for CPP (such as IC/PBS) need to be ruled out.
Quality of Life of Pediatric Patients with Chronic Intestinal, Liver, and Pancreatic Diseases During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Dijmărescu Irina , Iordache Andreea Maria , Păcurar Daniela , Matran Elena Roxana , Coroleucă Alexandra , Becheanu Cristina Adriana
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Children with chronic diseases and their families face significant challenges to their quality of life compared to the rest of the population, and the COVID-19 pandemic has been a greater challenge for them. Our research aimed to identify key factors affecting their quality of life. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in the Department of Pediatrics of the “Grigore Alexandrescu” Emergency Children’s Hospital in Bucharest on a group of 47 pediatric patients aged 9 years or older, diagnosed with chronic liver, gastrointestinal, and pancreatic diseases. Results: Children reported that their quality of life was not significantly affected by the pandemic due to the inability to see their family members and friends (89.36%), online education (67.5%), and social distancing (50%). Results showed that parents’ perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant negative correlation with their quality of life (r = −0.35, p < 0.01); also, parents’ perceptions of the quality of life had a high negative significant correlation with their children’s mental well-being (r = −0.67, p < 0.001). Interestingly, children’s mental well-being did not have a significant correlation with their perceptions of quality of life (r = −0.02, p > 0.05). In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, parents were concerned about their family well-being. Parents with higher scores for the perception of COVID-19’s impact tended to have lower scores for health-related quality of life. Also, the parents’ quality of life accounted for 44% of the variance in their children’s mental well-being. Conclusions: Even if the medical issue of the COVID-19 pandemic was not a concern for either children or their parents, many families were anxious about the perceived lack of dependability of the medical system. Addressability was delayed in many cases because of this, and regular medical care is essential for patients with chronic diseases.
Challenges and Choices in Breastfeeding Healthy, Sick and Preterm Babies: Review
Authors: Bauer Susanne H. , Abele Harald , Graf Joachim
Published: December 2024

Although breastfeeding is associated with many health-related benefits for both mothers and children, the WHO recommendation for exclusive breastfeeding is not achieved by the majority in any WHO region. This paper aims to present the current state of research on challenges and choices in breastfeeding healthy, sick and preterm babies. The research was organized as a systematic search in PubMed and the study was performed as a narrative review after applying the PRISMA protocol. Finally, n = 57 studies were included. Both barriers and support factors emerge as a complex interaction of individual, group and societal factors, the precise understanding of which is relevant to increasing breastfeeding rates in the future. Knowledge as well as practical skills proved to be generally helpful, whereas the lack of breastfeeding support for mothers, who are often separated from their premature babies in hospital, was identified as a key risk factor for this subgroup. Appropriate training for healthcare professionals can improve the situation as a result. After discharge, workplace-related barriers are of major concern to allow further breastfeeding when maternity leave ends. Thus, the promotion of breastfeeding must be perceived as a task for society as a whole.
Impact of Water Temperature on Seedling Quality Parameters in Lactuca sativa L., Solanum lycopersicum L., and Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L.
Authors: Zamljen Tilen , Slatnar Ana
Published: December 2024

Heat stress represents a significant challenge to global agricultural production, with particular emphasis on air temperature stress. Despite considerable attention to this issue, limited information is available regarding the impact of irrigation water temperature on the quality of vegetable crops. In this study, kohlrabi, tomato, and lettuce were subjected to three distinct irrigation temperatures: 17 °C, 24 °C, and 34 °C. A variety of parameters were measured for the three vegetables, including seedling height, relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), mass of the green part (FW), mass of roots (FW), dry weight (DW) of the green part, DW of roots, and leaf area. The results indicated a significant decrease in oxygen (O2) content with rising water temperature, with a 20.8% reduction at 34 °C compared to 17 °C. Notably, the highest temperature of 34 °C exerted the most positive influence on the studied parameters, particularly evident in kohlrabi and tomato. This study addresses a critical knowledge gap by elucidating the impact of irrigation water temperature on the growth and development of vegetable seedlings. The findings presented here lay the groundwork for further investigations into the effects of heat stress on agricultural practices.
Effects of LED Irradiation and Non-Thermal Plasma Treatment on Horned Pansy During Flowering: Enhancing Yield and Functional Quality of Edible Flowers
Authors: Locatelli Silvia , Zanin Giampaolo , Sambo Paolo , Nicoletto Carlo
Published: December 2024

The increasing demand for high-quality edible flowers, such as Viola spp., has prompted the need for innovative cultivation techniques. This study investigated the effects of supplemental LED light treatments (C-LED: 0 µmol m−2 s−1, L-LED: +75 µmol m−2 s−1, and H-LED: +150 µmol m−2 s−1) and Non-Thermal Plasma (NTP) air treatment (control, low-NTP, and high-NTP) on the growth, production, and post-harvest quality of horned pansy (Viola cornuta L.). The results indicated that flower yield was significantly affected by both light and NTP treatments. Plants under H-LED light produced 65% more flowers per plant and 64% higher yield compared to the LED control treatment. The high-NTP treatment also resulted in improved flower count and yield, with a 15.6% increase in flower fresh weight. The study assessed flower quality through shelf-life and visual appeal, showing that flowers under high-NTP treatment exhibited higher visual quality scores. The carotenoid content and total antioxidant capacity remained stable across treatments. However, the supplemental LED light increased the Total Flavonoid Glycosides and Total Phenolic Content by 14.8% each compared to natural light (0 µmol m−2 s−1). The findings suggest that integrating LED lighting and NTP air treatments can enhance the growth and quality of V. cornuta, offering valuable insights for optimizing cultivation practices in the floriculture industry.
Exogenous Application of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid as a New Strategy to Trigger the Color Development of Table Grapes Grown in Subtropics
Authors: de Aguiar Aline , Yamashita Fábio , Koyama Renata , Caetano Bruna , Utiamada Carlos , Roberto Sergio
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to assess, for the first time, the exogenous application of a new formulation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) developed for agricultural use at different concentrations as a strategy to trigger color development in table grapes grown in the subtropics. Trials were conducted in commercial vineyards of ‘Benitaka’ and ‘Rubi’ grapes located in a subtropical area in the South of Brazil. For each cultivar, a randomized block design with seven treatments and four replications was used as the statistical model. Treatments included various concentrations of a formulation containing 400 g kg−1 of ACC: 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 g 100 L−1, as well as a standard concentration of a formulation containing 100 g L−1 of abscisic acid (S-ABA): 3.2 L ha−1. Treatments were exogenously applied at véraison, and for each cultivar, two trials were conducted independently, including two methods of application: to the entire canopy of the vines or only to the bunches, totaling four independent trials. The concentration of total anthocyanins and the color index of the berries were assessed weekly, whereas visual sensory analysis of the color coverage of the berries was performed at harvest. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, and means were compared by Tukey’s test at 5% significance using R-Studio software. A single exogenous application of ACC, ranging from 75 g 100 L−1 to 125 g 100 L−1, intensified berry color by increasing the total anthocyanin concentration in berry skins. For ‘Benitaka’ grape, applications of ACC to the entire canopy of vines or only to bunches ranging from 75 g 100 L−1 to 100 g 100 L−1 resulted in enough color coverage, while for ‘Rubi’, ACC at 100 g 100 L−1 was enough to intensify and to uniform the red color of berries, as well as the application of S-ABA at 3.2 L ha−1, with no negative impact to the bunches or vines.
The Role of Rootstock Selection in Pistachio Cultivation
Authors: Akbari Mohammad , Karbor Sana , Afshar Ali , Ferguson Louise , Farajpour Mostafa , Dillard Tamia , Katam Ramesh
Published: December 2024

Rootstocks are critical in selecting pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivation and its impact on scion performance. Pistachio rootstocks exhibited distinct absorption capabilities, impacting leaf nutrient concentrations and tree health. The review discusses current knowledge on the influence of various rootstocks on growth habit, nutrient uptake, yield, nut quality, alternate bearing, and responses to abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, and cold. Contrary to the traditional belief linking higher yield solely to vigor and size, the review emphasized the need for an in-depth understanding of the interplay between rootstock, scion, and their interaction to optimize yield. Additionally, we discussed the influence of rootstock selection on pistachio nut quality, including early splitting, hull cracking, and fatty acid composition. It addressed the complex phenomenon of alternate bearing, highlighting how vigorous rootstocks could affect cyclic variations in crop yield through increased carbohydrate resources. Rootstocks mitigate salinity stress, enhancing drought tolerance and preserving nut quality under water stress. The study emphasized the significance of rootstock choice in cold climates, advocating for identifying and using cold-tolerant rootstocks to enhance orchard resilience against cold stress. The findings provide valuable insights for growers and researchers, facilitating informed decision-making regarding rootstock selection in pistachio cultivation worldwide.
Microencapsulation of Bacillus megaterium in Humic Acid-Supplied Alginate Beads Enhances Tomato Growth and Suppresses the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne javanica Under Greenhouse Conditions
Authors: Mousa El-Shawadfy M. , Elbagory Mohssen , Mahdy Magdy E. , Abo-Koura Hanaa A. , Omara Alaa El-Dein
Published: December 2024

In recent years, interest in using encapsulated plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as a biocontrol agent against root-knot nematodes has increased. Root-knot nematodes are soil-borne parasites that mostly cause annual commercial losses globally by infecting tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum). In this work, tomato plants (cv. GS) were grown in a greenhouse to test the effectiveness of encapsulated Bacillus megaterium with or without humic acid or in liquid form at different inoculum levels against Meloidogyne javanica and their impact on different growth parameters. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to visualize the microencapsulation of B. megaterium as well as viability and protease production In vitro. In a greenhouse experiment, humic acid-encapsulated B. megaterium resulted in a significant decrease in nematode parameters compared to the control group. When compared to other inoculants, the use of 10 capsules/plant decreased nematode infestation and enhanced plant growth parameters, antioxidant enzymes, and photosynthetic pigments. These results are reflected in increased dehydrogenase activity, total bacterial count, and acidic and alkaline phosphatase in soil 30 and 60 days after transplanting. Therefore, to increase the development dynamics of tomato plants and reduce nematode infestation, we advise using B. megaterium capsules supplemented with humic acid.
Evaluation of a Virtual Health Hub for People Experiencing Homelessness in Sydney, Australia: Ensuring Physical and Psychological Primary Health Care in Crisis Accommodation
Authors: O’Callaghan Cathy , Clenaghan Paul , Putra Alenda Dwiadila Matra , Haigh Fiona , Amanatidis Sue , Raffan Freya , Lynch Nicole , Barr Margo
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Individuals experiencing homelessness have higher rates of chronic disease and face challenges accessing primary care. Virtual health care can reduce health inequity but needs user acceptance. A virtual health hub (VHH) for people experiencing homelessness in Sydney provided virtual GP and psychologist care within a crisis accommodation service. This included nursing assistance. Method: The VHH evaluation assessed the feasibility of the service specifically examining accessibility, efficiency, costs, technology, quality, and outcomes through attendance data, patient measures, stakeholder interviews, and case studies. Findings: Data indicated 40% client utilisation with high attendance for GPs and/or psychologists. All clients reported a high quality of care, appointment benefits, understanding clinicians, and treatment help, and that privacy was maintained. If the VHH was not available, one-third would not have sought treatment. The majority agreed that virtual care was the same or better than in-person care. Only a few experienced technical issues. Service provider interviews indicated the benefits of accessible and affordable care, perceived reduced hospital presentations, staff time saved, and reduced client costs. Limitations were the lack of physical examinations and lack of follow-up due to temporary accommodation. Strong stakeholder partnerships enabled implementation success. Conclusions: The VHH service is feasible and replicable with on-site assistance and stakeholder commitment.
Deprivation and Aspiration Strains as Function of Mental Health Among Chinese Adults: Study of a National Sample
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhao Lulu , Lamis Dorian A.
Published: December 2024

Background: China is in a period of rapid transformation of economic and social development. The imbalance in the distribution of social benefits, focusing on adjustment and reorganization, has led to an increase in relative deprivation. Studies have shown that relative deprivation leads to a decline in personal mental health. Methods: We used the national data in the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) collected in 2015 (N = 10,702; male 46.89%) to estimate the relationship between deprivation and aspiration strains and mental health. Covariates included age, gender, education level, and marital status. Results: The results show the mechanism of how relative social and economic status affects the mental health of residents through deprivation strains and aspiration strains. It was found that deprivation strains and aspiration strains are both negatively correlated with mental health, even when controlling for the confounding variables. Conclusion: Mental health can be improved, and suicide rates may be decreased by vigorously developing the economy, promoting social equity and justice, and strengthening psychological counseling for the general population.
Developing Pre-Implementation Strategies for a Co-Designed, Technology-Assisted Parenting Intervention Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) Approach
Authors: Aldridge Grace , Reupert Andrea , Wu Ling , Seguin Joshua Paolo , Olivier Patrick , Pringle Glenn , Yap Marie B. H.
Published: December 2024

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are a major risk factor for mental disorders in children. Parenting interventions can mitigate the impact of family-level ACEs and subsequently improve young people’s mental health. However, a substantial research-to-practice gap hinders access to, and uptake of, available interventions. Aim: This study aimed to develop actionable strategies to support the implementation of an evidence-based, co-designed, technology-assisted parenting intervention by understanding potential barriers and facilitators from the perspectives of service providers working with families of children experiencing ACEs. Methods: We conducted one-on-one interviews with 14 staff at a community health service (six managers, eight service providers). A theoretical thematic analysis was used. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) guided the data collection and analysis of barriers and facilitators. Pre-implementation strategies were informed by The Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) compilation. The CFIR–ERIC matching tool was used to match the CFIR barriers identified by participants in this study with ERIC strategies to overcome these barriers. Results: Fourteen CFIR constructs were identified as facilitators, and eleven as barriers. By using the CFIR–ERIC tool, eleven strategies to mitigate the barriers were identified. Most strategies were aligned to the ERIC clusters Use evaluative and iterative strategies (n = 4) and Develop stakeholder interrelationships (n = 3). Conclusions: The CFIR–ERIC approach offered relevant and concise pre-implementation strategies for addressing potential barriers to implementing a novel, co-designed, technology-assisted parenting intervention for parents of children with ACEs. The identified facilitators support the utility of co-designing interventions as an initial phase in bridging research-to-practice gaps. Healthcare settings aiming to innovate services with technology-assisted parenting interventions to improve child mental health can draw on findings from the current study to guide pre-implementation plans for innovative, technology-assisted parenting interventions to improve child mental health.
Development of an eHealth Intervention Prototype to Prevent Health Risk Behaviors Among Hispanic Adolescents: A User-Centered Formative Study
Authors: Estrada Yannine , Lozano Alyssa , Lovan Padideh , Boga Devina J. , Martinuzzi Lara , Chavez Jennifer , Tapia Maria I. , Prado Guillermo , Behar-Zusman Victoria
Published: December 2024

Health risk behaviors continue to disproportionately affect Hispanic youth. Despite the existence of successful family and school-based interventions, there is a need for developing and testing individually-based preventive interventions that are easily accessed and widely disseminated. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a prototype (proof of concept) for an individual-level mobile application (app), informed by Hispanic parents and adolescents, to prevent/reduce drug use and sexual risk behaviors among Hispanic youth. An iterative user-centered approach was used to inform the development of the app prototype via focus groups with 66 participants (n = 46 adolescents, n = 20 parents). A coding team analyzed data from the focus groups and identified major themes. The coding team summarized interview data into sub-categories that yielded five intervention modules for Hispanic adolescents, three more than originally proposed (i.e., drug use and sexual risk behaviors): (1) effective communication, (2) depression, (3) sexual health, (4) drug use, and (5) mindfulness. A mobile application for health risk behaviors can be used as an additional preventive tool to decrease the existing behavioral health disparities among Hispanic youth. Incorporating a user-centered approach to inform development is important for including the needs and voices of this population.
Unlocking the Potential of Pyrrole: Recent Advances in New Pyrrole-Containing Compounds with Antibacterial Potential
Authors: Rusu Aura , Oancea Octavia-Laura , Tanase Corneliu , Uncu Livia
Published: December 2024

Nitrogen heterocycles are valuable structural elements in the molecules of antibacterial drugs approved and used to treat bacterial infections. Pyrrole is a five-atom heterocycle found in many natural compounds with biological activity, including antibacterial activity. Numerous compounds are being develop based on the pyrrole heterocycle as new potential antibacterial drugs. Due to the phenomenon of antibacterial resistance, there is a continuous need to create new effective antibacterials. In the scientific literature, we have identified the most relevant studies that aim to develop new compounds, such as pyrrole derivatives, that are proven to have antibacterial activity. Nature is an endless reservoir of inspiration for designing new compounds based on the structure of pyrrole heterocycles such as calcimycin, lynamycins, marinopyrroles, nargenicines, phallusialides, and others. However, many other synthetic compounds based on the pyrrole heterocycle have been developed and can be optimized in the future. The identified compounds were classified according to the type of chemical structure. The chemical structure–activity relationships, mechanisms of action, and antibacterial effectiveness of the most valuable compounds were highlighted. This review highlights scientific progress in designing new pyrrole-containing compounds and provides examples of lead compounds that can be successfully optimized further.
Investigation of the Global Changes in Photosynthetic Electron Transport in Hosta Plants Grown Under Different Light Levels
Authors: Liu Dong-Huan , Ji Wen-Tao , Zou Qing-Qing , Wu Han-Yu , Li Tao , Shi Wen-Bin , Jiang Chuang-Dao
Published: December 2024

To reveal the global regulation of photosynthetic electron transport (PET) in shade plants, the changes in chlorophyll a fluorescence induction kinetics (CFI) curves and proteomics were investigated using Hosta varieties. There was a significant difference in CFI curves between Hosta ‘Fire Island’ and other varieties (such as Hosta ‘Sum and Substance’) grown under weak light. Weak light induced the appearance of the W phase of CFI curves in the two varieties, which was consistent with a clear decrease in the oxygen-evolving complex and a large upregulation of photosystem (PS) II proteins. In Hosta ‘Fire Island’, the O-J rise of the CFI curves increased faster under weak light than under appropriate light, and this was not only accompanied by a large upregulation of the PS II protein but also a great downregulation in cytochrome b6/f, plastocyanin, and PS I. Moreover, weak light resulted in a considerable increase in photosynthetic rate and Rubisco abundance in Hosta ‘Fire Island’, yet the non-photochemical quenching and abundance of CP24 declined significantly. By contrast, weak light had fewer effects on these parameters in Hosta ‘Sum and Substance’. Therefore, we suggest that the PET is mainly affected by the abundance of PS II, oxygen-evolving complex, cytochrome b6/f, plastocyanin, and PS I in Hosta plants grown under weak light; meanwhile, the improved photosynthetic capacity under weak light was mainly related to the enhancement of light energy absorption and capture of PS II as well as the increase in the abundance of Rubisco.
Gliotic Response and Reprogramming Potential of Human Müller Cell Line MIO-M1 Exposed to High Glucose and Glucose Fluctuations
Authors: Russo Benedetta , D’Addato Giorgia , Salvatore Giulia , Menduni Marika , Frontoni Simona , Carbone Luigi , Camaioni Antonella , Klinger Francesca Gioia , De Felici Massimo , Picconi Fabiana , La Sala Gina
Published: December 2024

Retinal neurodegeneration (RN), an early marker of diabetic retinopathy (DR), is closely associated with Müller glia cells (MGs) in diabetic subjects. MGs play a pivotal role in maintaining retinal homeostasis, integrity, and metabolic support and respond to diabetic stress. In lower vertebrates, MGs have a strong regenerative response and can completely repair the retina after injuries. However, this ability diminishes as organisms become more complex. The aim of this study was to investigate the gliotic response and reprogramming potential of the human Müller cell line MIO-M1 cultured in normoglycemic (5 mM glucose, NG) and hyperglycemic (25 mM glucose, HG) conditions and then exposed to sustained high-glucose and glucose fluctuation (GF) treatments to mimic the human diabetic conditions. The results showed that NG MIO-M1 cells exhibited a dynamic activation to sustained high-glucose and GF treatments by increasing GFAP and Vimentin expression together, indicative of gliotic response. Increased expression of SHH and SOX2 were also observed, foreshadowing reprogramming potential. Conversely, HG MIO-M1 cells showed increased levels of the indexes reported above and adaptation/desensitization to sustained high-glucose and GF treatments. These findings indicate that MIO-M1 cells exhibit a differential response under various glucose treatments, which is dependent on the metabolic environment. The in vitro model used in this study, based on a well-established cell line, enables the exploration of how these responses occur in a controlled, reproducible system and the identification of strategies to promote neurogenesis over neurodegeneration. These findings contribute to the understanding of MGs responses under diabetic conditions, which may have implications for future therapeutic approaches to diabetes-associated retinal neurodegeneration.
Structure of Genes Encoding Oxidosqualene Cyclases—Key Enzymes of Triterpenoid Biosynthesis from Sea Cucumber Eupentacta fraudatrix
Authors: Baldaev Sergey N. , Chausova Viktoria E. , Isaeva Ksenia V. , Boyko Alexey V. , Stonik Valentin A. , Isaeva Marina P.
Published: December 2024

Oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs) are enzymes responsible for converting linear triterpenes into tetracyclic ones, which are known as precursors of other important and bioactive metabolites. Two OSCs genes encoding parkeol synthase and lanostadienol synthase have been found in representatives of the genera Apostichopus and Stichopus (family Stichopodidae, order Synallactida). As a limited number of sea cucumber OSCs have been studied thus far, OSCs encoding gene(s) of the sea cucumber Eupentacta fraudatrix (family Sclerodactylidae, order Dendrochirotida) were investigated to fill this gap. Here, we employed RACEs, molecular cloning, and Oxford Nanopore Technologies to identify candidate OSC mRNAs and genes. The assembled cDNAs were 2409 bp (OSC1) and 3263 bp (OSC2), which shared the same CDS size of 2163 bp encoding a 721-amino-acid protein. The E. fraudatrix OSC1 and OSC2 had higher sequence identity similarity to each other (77.5%) than to other holothurian OSCs (64.7–71.0%). According to the sequence and molecular docking analyses, OSC1 with L436 is predicted to be parkeol synthase, while OSC2 with Q439 is predicted to be lanostadienol synthase. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, E. fraudatrix OSCs cDNAs clustered with other holothurian OSCs, forming the isolated branch. As a result of gene analysis, the high polymorphism and larger size of the OSC1 gene suggest that this gene may be an ancestor of the OSC2 gene. These results imply that the E. fraudatrix genome contains two OSC genes whose evolutionary pathways are different from those of the OSC genes in Stichopodidae.
Combined Metabolome and Transcriptome Analyses Reveals Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Profiles Between Purple and White Potatoes
Authors: He Miaomiao , Ma Xinping , Zhou Yun , Wang Fang , Fang Guonan , Wang Jian
Published: December 2024

Colored potatoes with red and purple skin or flesh possess significant nutritional value and health benefits due to their rich anthocyanin content. To investigate the genetic mechanisms underlying color formation, the high-anthocyanin-content purple-skinned and purple-fleshed potato line 15-12-16, and the white-skinned and white-fleshed Xiazhai 65 variety were used for ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis, which was conducted to identify and quantify anthocyanins. RNA sequencing was performed to analyze the transcriptome. The results indicated a significant upregulation of genes within the anthocyanidin biosynthesis pathway in the purple potato, while these genes were either downregulated or absent in the white potato. The bHLH, MYB, and WRKY gene families exhibited a greater number of regulatory members, suggesting their pivotal role in color formation. Integrated analysis of the transcriptional and metabolic revealed that 12 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to the anthocyanidin biosynthetic had a significant correlation with 18 anthocyanin metabolites. Notably, the key gene St5GT in the anthocyanidin biosynthesis pathway was markedly upregulated in the purple skin and flesh. Furthermore, the overexpression of St5GT (PGSC0003DMG400004573) in tobacco contributed to anthocyanin accumulation. The expression of 10 DEGs was validated through quantitative real-time PCR. In conclusion, these findings provide new insights into anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation in purple potatoes, offering valuable candidate genes for the future breeding of colored potatoes.