bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing a mobile phone app for junior doctors in OMFS
Authors: Yuffa Arie , Breeze Johno
Published: July 2015

Junior doctors have always desired easily accessible clinical information. Applications (‘apps’) are now ubiquitous on most mobile phone platforms. Currently available apps are limited in their content or functionality. We describe the development of a bespoke app for junior doctors in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) and a programme to validate its content.
Selected Issues of Legislation with regard to Operating Pharmacies in the Slovak Republic / Vybrané problémy právnej úpravy prevádzkovania lekární v podmienkach Slovenskej republiky
Authors: Capandová Petra
Published: July 2015

Among the basic rights and freedoms, stipulated in the Constitution of the Slovak Republic, are right to protection of health, free medical care based on health insurance, right to medical aids under conditions stipulated by law. These rights are guaranteed through provisions of Art. 40 of the Constitution of the Slovak Republic as part of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and they apply to every individual. Since these rights are considered to be human rights under the international law, they are guaranteed by multilateral treaties in which Slovak Republic is a signatory, such as International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.

Legal regulation of operating pharmacies in the Slovak Republic covers a broad scope of issues and is quite extensive. Through concerted legislative effort, the legislator had tried to set rules that would make the legal environment in this sector more transparent and easier to navigate through. In some areas, the rules were set by the legislature of the European Union (EU) and the Slovak legislature only adapted them. The most important aspect of legal regulation in this sphere that is not completely regulated by the EU legislature is providing pharmaceutical care and usage of the public health insurance system with regard to providing pharmaceutical care.

The main aim of this study is to point out select issues that are associated with the position of a pharmacy operator and obligations stipulated in the Medicines Act 2011 that must be observed and incorporated into the running of a pharmacy. This area of business is fairly strictly regulated and therefore it is necessary to get acquainted with the relevant legislation. The study addresses several issues regulated by the Medicines Act 2011 or the Appropriate Pharmaceutical Practice Regulation 2012 from the legal-theoretical perspective.
Evaluation of content of phenolics in Salvia species cultivated in South Moravian Region / Hodnotenie obsahu fenolov vo vybraných druhoch rodu Salvia L. pestovaných v Juhomoravskom kraji
Authors: Muráriková A. , Kaffková K. , Raab S. , Neugebauerová J.
Published: July 2015

In this study, total phenolic content (TPC) and rosmarinic acid (RA) of 37 samples sage (Salvia L.) of extracts were determined using spectrophotometric methods. The amount of total phenols was analysed with Folin-Ciocalteu reagents. Gallic acid was used as a standard compound and the total phenols were expressed as mg.g−1 gallic acid equivalents of dried plant material. The values of the extracts displayed substantial differences. All of the investigated species except Salvia jurisicii (990.79 mg GAE. g−1 d.w.) exhibited higher content of phenolics. Among the studies, species demonstrated the highest content of phenol, followed in sequence by Salvia tomentosa, Salvia fruticosa, Salvia triloba, Salvia officinalis ‘Extrakta’, Salvia officinalis. TPC varied from 990.79 to 4459.88 mg GAE. g−1 d.w. in the extracts. The total amount of RA was between 0.88 and 8.04% among species. Salvia tomentosa, Salvia verticillata and Salvia officinalis ‘Extrakta’ had the highest content of RA. The high content of phenolic compounds indicated that these compounds contribute to the antioxidant activity.
Fluoride-releasing dental restorative materials: An update
Authors: Nicholson John
Published: July 2015

The fluoride ion has a well-established beneficial role in dentistry in protecting the teeth from assault by caries. It is known to contribute to the dynamic mineralisation process of the natural tooth mineral, and also to become incorporated with the mineral phase, forming a thin layer of fluorapatite. This is more resistant to acid attack than the native hydroxyapatite, hence protects the tooth against further decay. Other recently discovered aspects of the role and uptake of fluoride will also be discussed. One of the widely used dental restoratives, the glass-ionomer dental cement, is able to release fluoride in a sustained manner that may continue for many years, and this is seen as clinically beneficial. The closely related resin-modified glass-ionomer cement, and also the polyacid-modified composite resin ('compomer') are able to do the same. There are also fluoride-containing conventional composite resins able to release fluoride. These various materials are reviewed and the way in which they release fluoride are described, as well as the effectiveness of the release at the levels involved. Studies of effectiveness of fluoride release from these various classes of material are reviewed, and shown to suggest that release from conventional and resin-modified glass-ionomers is more beneficial than from composite resins. This is attributed to 2 causes: firstly, that it is not possible to replace the lost fluoride in composites, unlike glass-ionomers, and secondly because the other ions released from glass-ionomers (calcium, phosphate) are able to contribute to local remineralisation of the tooth. The absence of these other ions in fluoridated composites means that remineralisation is able to occur to a lesser extent, if at all.
Knowledge and perceptions of Cypriots about oral cancer
Authors: Charalambous Chrystala , Pantelas Georgios , Nikolentzos Athanasios , Theodorou Mamas
Published: July 2015

Introduction: Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world. Cyprus recorded 312 new cases between 1998 and 2009, which represent a significant percentage of all cancers reported in Cyprus. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and perceptions of group of Cypriots about oral cancer. Methods: A convenience sample of 234 people was selected from those who came to mobile clinics in 4 major cities of Cyprus and received free dental examinations. The study used a self-completion questionnaire with questions about socio-demographics, habits (smoking, alcohol consumption, visits to the dentist), plus knowledge and perceptions of oral cancer. Results: 53% (n= 124) of the respondents had heard about oral cancer, 77.4% (n= 181) knew that smoking is a risk factor for oral cancer but only 59.4% (n= 139) identified alcohol, and 38.9% (n= 91) solar irradiation as other risk factors. Although 68.4% (n= 160) responded that changing the habits of everyday life can prevent oral cancer, 38.9% (n= 91) erroneously thought that oral cancer is hereditary. In addition, only 25.6% (n= 60) mentioned that in case of a wound/lesion of their oral mucosa they would seek treatment from a dentist, while only 12% (n= 28) reported that they have been screened for oral cancer by their dentist. Those with higher education, as well as non-smokers, were more likely to have knowledge about oral cancer, while those who reported that they often visited the dentist had more chances of receiving preventive screening (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results demonstrate a lack of adequate information in Cyprus, especially among less educated people, highlighting the need for an integrated policy planning, aiming at informing the public and health professionals about oral cancer and, at the same time, the need for introduce preventive examination within the context of the routine dental examination.
Indication and technical application of stripping
Authors: Georgiadis A.A. , Darmanin P. , Topouzelis Nikolaos , Ioannidou-Marathiotou I.
Published: July 2015

Interproximal enamel reduction is a technique used for creating space in cases of mild or moderate crowding. There are several indications and contraindications determined by the tooth shape and the percentage of the caries index. The instruments used for the technique are diamond-coated metal strips, diamond discs and burs, each with advantages and disadvantages. Another way of interdental enamel reduction is using chemical products such as orthophosphoric acid. There are opposite impacts on the enamel surface and the periodontal tissues, based on the literature review.
Influence of prosthetic crowns on gingival fluid
Authors: Robo Ilma , Qafmolla Ruzhdie
Published: July 2015

Purpose: Evaluation of the impact that a foreign body has in the gingival sulcus, expressed in scale to cause significant gingival infection. Material and Methods: In a sample of 10 clinical cases with fixed prosthetic appliances in the oral cavity, the levels of gingival fluid to bridge anchoring teeth are measured and compared to the same opposite respective teeth in the mandible and in the maxilla. Measurement of gingival fluid was done with the blue coloured absorbent paper, kept in the gingival sulcus for 60 seconds. With the technique of centrifugation the respective values of gingival fluid were found. Result: Levels of gingival fluid were distinguishably different around the anchor teeth of bridges compared to natural teeth. Conclusions: Signs of primary infection onset are manifested by an increased gingival fluid. The presence of a foreign body caused an increase of gingival fluid in the sulcus, as a sign of physical harassment, possibly causing an initial stage of gingival inflammation.
An Evidence Code for Eritrea: Towards More Predictable Trials and Fairer Judgments
Authors: Andemariam Senai W.
Published: July 2015

Eritrea does not yet have a comprehensive evidence law. Draft Evidence Rules were prepared in Ethiopia, whose legal system Eritrea has essentially adopted, but were not enacted and the void intended to be filled by those rules has not yet been filled. In this article the author first counters the reasons for absence of comprehensive evidence law for Eritrea. He argues that a separate evidence law fits into the Eritrean legal system and will contribute to uniform trials and fairer judgments in Eritrea and briefly describes the contents of the Draft Evidence Code of Eritrea.
Newtonoate as an active principle of Newtonia griffoniana for anxiolytic activity in Swiss mice
Authors: Djiogue Sefirin , Kinyok Mc Jesus , Ketcha Wanda Germain Jean Magloire , Zemo Gamo Franklin , Seke Etet Paul Faustin , Nwabo Kamdje Armel Herve , Pegnyemb Dieudonné Emmanuel , Njamen Dieudonné
Published: July 2015

Background: Newtonia griffoniana (Mimosaceae) is a Central African rain forest tree, whose bark extracts are used in Cameroonian folk medicine for the treatment of anxiety and sleep disorders.

Methods: We evaluated the anxiolytic effects of N. griffoniana stem bark methanol extract and its major isolated constituent 2,3,4-trihydroxybutylpentatriacontanoate (newtonoate) on the elevated plus maze.

Results: Significant increases in the percentage of entries into open arms were induced by both N. griffoniana extract (100 and 150 mg/kg BW; p<0.01) and newtonoate (doses of 3 and 15 mg/kg BW; p<0.05). Conversely, decreases in the percentage of entries into closed arms were observed at the same doses. In addition, N. griffoniana methanol extract (100 mg/kg) and the isolated newtonoate (30 mg/kg) induced significant (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively) increases in the time spent in the open arms, while inducing a decrease in the time spent in the closed arms. Newtonoate treatment also decreased head dipping number at doses of 3 and 15 mg/kg, while N. griffoniana methanol extract induced the same effect at 200 mg/kg.

Conclusions: These results suggest that N. griffoniana bark extract has anxiolytic properties, which justify its use in folk medicine. Such effects are at least partly mediated by newtonoate.
Non-Ferrous Metal Industry Waste Disposal Sites As A Source Of Poly-Extremotolerant Bacteria
Authors: Pristas Peter , Stramova Zuzana , Kvasnova Simona , Judova Jana , Perhacova Zuzana , Vidova Barbora , Sramkova Zuzana , Godany Andrej
Published: July 2015

Waste disposal sites from non-ferrous metal industry constitute environments very hostile for life due to the presence of very specialized abiotic factors (pH, salt concentration, heavy metals content). In our experiments microflora of two waste disposal sites in Slovakia – brown mud disposal site from aluminium production near Ziar nad Hronom and nickel sludge disposal site near Sered - was analyzed for cultivable bacteria. Isolated bacteria were characterized by a combination of classical microbiological approaches and molecular methods and the most of isolated bacteria shown a poly-extremotolerant phenotype. The most frequently halotolerant (resistant to the high level of salt concentrations) and alkalitolerant (resistant to the high pH level) bacteria belonging to the Actinobacteria class were detected. The most of bacteria shown very high level of heavy metal resistance e.g. more than 500 μg/ml for Zn2+ or Cu2+. Based on our data, waste disposal sites thus on one side represents an important environmental burden but on other side they are a source of new poly-extremotolerant bacterial strains and species possibly used in many biotechnology and bioremediation applications.
Orthopteran insects as potential and preferred preys of the Red-footed Falcon (Falco vespertinus) in Hungary
Authors: Szövényi Gergely
Published: July 2015

Orthopterans play an important role in Red-footed Falcon diet, however, most studies focus only on its qualitative food composition, and less on quantitative composition and preferences of the taxa identified as prey. During the present research, an extensive orthopterological investigation was carried out in the Red-footed Falcon study area, Vásárhelyi Plain (SE-Hungary) between 2006 and 2008. Grasshoppers were sampled in their main habitats by sweep netting and pitfall trapping, and orthopterans were identified in the food remnants collected from the nests, both artificial and natural ones. 26 species were detected during the field works, 18 species from the food remnants. Altogether 32 species were identified. Prey preference values for all species for each year were calculated. More than two thirds of the identified preys were Decticus verrucivorus, and nearly 20% were Tettigonia viridissima. Other common prey species were Melanogryllus desertus, Platycleis affinis, Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, Calliptamus italicus and Gryllus campestris. Based on the prey preference analysis, the most preferred species was Decticus verrucivorus with extreme high values, and the other preferred ones, overlapping with the previous list, were Platycleis affinis, Bicolorana bicolor, Tettigonia viridissima, Calliptamus italicus and Roeseliana roeselii. These results may help in the development of Red-footed Falcon-friendly habitats through the application of habitat management favourable for the preferred prey species.
What’s so “proper” about translation? Or interlingual translation and interpretative semiotics
Authors: Vassallo Clare
Published: July 2015

Jakobson’s famous classification of three types of translation is the point of departure for a discussion of “translation proper,” or translation from one natural historical language to another. Eco’s comparison of the terms interpretation and translation show that they overlap but are not synonymous as there is a limit to translation that does not hold for interpretation. A translation strategy that aims for equivalent effect is guided by the intentio operis as well as by the regulative hypothesis of the encyclopedia, which takes into account the inferential and pragmatic conditions of communication that are implied but not explicit in the text. The paper compares insights from what has been called the “cultural turn” in Translation Studies with Eco’s regulative hypothesis of the Encyclopedia as a dynamic interpretative strategy.
Determination of Lead and Copper in Hair by Non-Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
Authors: Renshaw GD , Pounds CA , Pearson EF
Published: July 2015

The possibility of differentiating between hairs from different people by comparing trace element concentrations (< 1000 ppm) in the hair has stimulated a good deal of discussion by forensic scientists in the last decade. Because of its relative ease of removal from the scalp, especially during crimes of aggression, hair is often found at the scene of a crime. Sometimes only a single hair is recovered; and, consequently, sophisticated analytical techniques are required to determine satisfactorily the concentration of trace elements.
Cannabinoid Content of Fifty Seized Hashish Samples
Authors: Ek N-Å , Lönberg E , Maehly AC , Strömberg L
Published: July 2015

During the last few years, police seizures of hashish have increased rapidly in Sweden. A large part of the seized samples have been sent to this laboratory for analysis, and the case load has risen accordingly (Table 1).
Determination of Chloral Hydrate and Trichloroethanol in Biological Tissue
Authors: Wells J , Cimbura G
Published: July 2015

A number of methods for the determination of chloral hydrate and trichloroethanol in biological tissue have been described [1–5]. The most recent of these procedures, that of Jain et al [5], involved direct injection of an aqueous sample on to a gas chromatographic (GC) column. Both chloral hydrate and trichloroethanol exhibited relatively broad peaks with the column used and the separation of the chloral hydrate and water was not always satisfactory.
Suicide and Civil Litigation
Authors: Perr IN
Published: July 2015

The responsibility of hospitals and physicians for suicide prevention continues to be a major problem confronting the health care professions. Suicide induced litigation was reviewed in 1960 and 1965 [1,2] and my purpose now is to bring up to date some of the conflicting issues characteristic of this problem.
Microscopic Morphology of Marijuana Ash
Authors: De Forest PR , Morton CV , Henderson RA
Published: July 2015

The common methods for the identification of marijuana depend on the chemical reactions of certain of the resin components with various color reagents or upon an examination of the leaf fragments and other parts of the plant under the stereoscopic-binocular microscope. Comprehensive studies of both chemical [1,2] and morphological [3] methods have led investigators to conclude that the two approaches are complementary. A combination of the two provides experienced analysts with a very reliable means for identifying cannabis fragments [4].
The Use of the Laser Microprobe in Forensic Science
Authors: Sullivan RC , Pompa C , Sabatino LV , Horan JJ
Published: July 2015

From time immemorial, technicians in the basic sciences have searched for methods of analysis that require a minimum of sample and sample preparation and that involve the least amount of destruction of the sample while obtaining the maximum information from it. The laser microprobe goes a long way toward meeting these elusive standards of performance in microspectroscopy.
Timing of Injury in Human Thermal Burns
Authors: Raasch FO , Hirvonen JI , Stahl CJ
Published: July 2015

How old is a burn? The answer is obviously important to the forensic pathologist. To provide some guidelines to the pathologist, this study of thermal burns delineates the histologic changes in a group of people who survived from a few hours to 15 days.
Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry: A Rapid Technique for Forensic Analyses
Authors: Beggs DP , Day AG
Published: July 2015

The need for a rapid and accurate method for drug analysis has increased substantially in this country over the past few years. This has been due in large part to the rise in drug abuse and overdose cases now being handled by toxicologists and analytical chemists. In an effort to meet this need, recent applications of the gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) to drug and drug metabolite analysis has been successfully accomplished [1,2]. This application has recently been enhanced by the development of a new technique—chemical ionization (CI). The CI technique provides simpler spectra with increased sensitivity, while allowing the optional deletion of the gas chromatograph.
Leadership in Islamic Education Institution
Authors: Supriadi Supriadi
Published: July 2015

Education institution may not be separated by social system. It can be formal and informal education. A formal education institution such as school, Islamic school or Islamic boarding school is in social environment and bringing a basic value and law from its institution. Meanwhile, Islamic education institution is believed as tool to reach the aim of education. The aim of education is hard to reach if there is no leadership in it. Copyright © 2014 by Al-Ta'lim All right reserved
The Comparison between National Final Examination Test Items and English Teacher Made-Test Items of 2010 and 2011
Authors: Razali Khairil , Jannah Miftahul
Published: July 2015

The objective of the paper is to determine the relevance between the scope of the national final examination test items in English lesson and the English teacher made test items. It is also to identify the relevance between the deepness of national final examination test items in English subject and the English teacher made test item. The finding showed that  more than fifty percents of tryout out test items are not relevant with the national test items. Meanwhile, the final national test items were design with higher cognitive domain than teacher made test items. It means the teacher made test items (tryout) is more superficial than final national test items. It can be a reason why the students who are can pass the tryout test which is made in teacher cannot pass the national final examination test (standardized test). It is expected that this study provides empirical evidence to devise on their optimal uses in EFL teaching.  Copyright © 2015 by Al-Ta'lim All right reserved
New Removable Bridge over the Bay of Cadiz
Authors: Escamilla Manuel , Martin Marcos , Cayetano Julio , Sacaluga Marta , Osborne Gonzalo , Vega Veronica
Published: July 2015

The construction of the new Bridge over the Bay of Cadiz is necessary to break the secular isolation of the city. This brand new infrastructure must also be respectful and compatible with the local shipyard industry, which has many high-tech facilities inside the bay, employing nowadays more than 6000 workers. Regarding the possibility of the construction of ships or offshore structures with extraordinary dimensions, the new bridge will have a removable span, with 140 m horizontal clearance and no vertical clearance limitations. This original structure, which is in a very advanced stage of construction, will have a single 150 m long steel span with variable depth (between 3 and 8 m) and a 33,2 m wide orthotropic plate. The structural detail design and construction of the bridge is presenting many challenges in relation to its dynamic behaviour, fatigue control, durability and quality control of the manufacturing processes.
Shear test on full scale auxiliary pier columns used in the viaduct construction process
Authors: Anania Laura , Badalá Antonio , Costa Sebastiano
Published: July 2015

The paper describes an original technology used for onsite shear tests. The test determines the shear stiffness in both the principle directions of an auxiliary system employed during accelerated construction process of the prefabricated bridge. The auxiliary pier system is constituted by the coupling of two temporary truss towers working as auxiliary pier columns to carry and erect the prefabricated pieces during the bridge construction procedure. By this experimental investigation we are able to redesign the whole temporary auxiliary systems affected by some faults in the flanged connections. A good correspondence between numerical and experimental investigation was obtained.
A comparison amongst different shape control methods for shell optimization
Authors: Borri Claudio , Marino Enzo , Trocker Martin
Published: July 2015

For shape optimization many different parameterization methods are currently used, all of them aim at both minimizing the number of design variables and increasing the control on the shape of the structure. This study compares two different approaches to parameterize the shell shape: the first is to define a geometric surface representation, like Bézier, the design variables are provided by the Cartesian coordinates of the control points. In the second approach a design velocity field using natural vibration modes of the initial geometry is defined. The objective surface geometry is determined by a scaled combination of the vibration modes. An optimization problem of shell structure is solved by these two approaches for comparison. The objective function is defined as total strain energy, and the gradient-based sequential quadratic programming algorithm is used. The goal of the research is to investigate the capabilities of the above methods trying to emphasize advantages and drawbacks of both of them.
Design Features of Bardhaman Cable Stayed Road Over Bridge
Authors: Schlaich Mike , Sen Subhasis , Ray Soumya , Burkhardt Uwe
Published: July 2015

These paper is dealing with design of Cable stayed ROB at Bardhaman Railway yard. This 4 lane ROB will replace the existing 2 lane ROB across one of the busiest railway routes of the country.
Verification of the performance of the precast concrete lining in the Diabolo Tunnel and Liefkenshoek Rail Tunnel
Authors: Schotte Ken , De Backer Hans , Nuttens Timothy , De Wulf Alain , Van Bogaert Philippe
Published: July 2015

During construction of the Diabolo tunnel and the Liefkenshoek railway tunnel in Belgium, strains were monitored in several cross-sections of the precast concrete segmental lining. The obtained measurement data allow evaluating the in situ behaviour of the concrete lining under numerous loading conditions during and after tunnel drive works. The gradual development of strains in the initial stage after ring erection is discussed in relation to the grout loading, hydraulic jack forces and transferred soil and water pressures. Measurement sections below the River Scheldt show that the water level variation, linked to the tides of the North Sea, is clearly depicted in the strain results as a half-daily fluctuation. Results show that despite the rough site conditions, strain monitoring proves a useful verification of tunnel lining performance and an important addition to tunnel design practice.
A long span structure in Romania
Authors: Kiss Zoltan , Balint Karoly , Toader Nicu , Nagy Zsolt
Published: July 2015

The authors will describe in the following pages the reasons why the project of the Multi-functional Sports Hall from Cluj Napoca is attractive. The main lines of the building are: a hall with a capacity of 7000 seats, a structure dominated by precast concrete elements, a long span roof and an advanced analysis of the connections, all well-kept into the limited funds. The roof solution consists in using steel space trusses made out of square hollow sections (SHS). The truss has a clear span of 63,90 m, a total length of 76,10 m, a maximum height of 4,00 m that is reduced on the length of the structural element, and a triangular cross section being 3,60 m wide. Global stability checks and specific local stability problems were performed and are exposed in the following paper. For the fabrication of the space truss, welded joints between the SHS profiles were designed. As a result of the fact that for characteristic failure checks of the welded TT and KK joints analytical methods are based only on a semi-empirical formulae, developed for Φ=90 degrees (the angle between the diagonal planes), for the design of joints finite element modelling was used. Good agreement between the results of the developed finite element joint model and the analytical method for TT and KK joints has been found, even though the semi-empirical formulae are applied for the analysed truss which had Φ=50 degrees.
Development of Bridge Maintenance Management System in GIS Environment
Authors: Goel Rajeev , Parmeshwaran Lakshmy , Sharma S. K. , Garg Rajeev , Goyal J. K. , Sahu G. K.
Published: July 2015

Bridges are lifelines of a Nation’s road infrastructure and massive investments are being made in the highway sector every year in India. After independence in 1947, a large number of Reinforced Cement Concrete and Prestressed Cement Concrete bridges were built across the country and it is estimated that about 25% of them have distress or are in one form or the other. Presently, maintenance of bridges is in a rudimentary state and only a few important bridges are closely examined, that too on case-to-case basis for rehabilitation works. Considering that the numbers of bridges are increasing quite rapidly and their importance is also increasing, there is a need to develop a scientifically designed bridge management system in GIS environment for allocation of funds for maintenance, rehabilitation and strengthening of bridges on priority basis. Hence, a Bridge Maintenance Management System (Indo-BMMS) has been developed in GIS environment in the present study.
Engineering elegant bridges - the process and the outcome
Authors: Firth Ian
Published: July 2015

The appearance of our bridges and structures really matters. lt is not good enough to build functional bridges that merely carry loads safely without also thinking about their appearance and how people will react to them. lt is the appearance that usually dictates whether or not a bridge becomes popular with the public, and the appearance which will differentiate between the bridges that people love and those they hate. But elegant bridge design is about more than just the appearance, and this paper addresses the process of designing bridges elegantly as well as the elegance of the bridge itself.
Structural Sustainability leading to Structural Elegance
Authors: Kasuga Akio
Published: July 2015

As Roman architectures needed three elements, structural elegance of bridges is the combination of three elements of beauty, functional, structural and beauty of form. Besides, past innovations that added ingenuity and creativity to structural elegance can be considered sustainable. A structure becomes sustainable by combining structural elegance with creativity, which we called structural sustainability. What is the relationship between structural elegance and sustainability? This paper considers how to realize more elegant bridges.
Optimal Design of Belt Trusses for Super Tall Buildings under Multiple Constraints
Authors: Zhao Xin , Ma HaoJia , Dong Yaomin
Published: July 2015

The mega frame core wall structure has been widely used in super tall buildings. lt is composed of mega columns, belt truss, outrigger truss and secondary members. The optimal design of belt truss has drawn serious attention in current engineering practices due to its huge steel consumption. The traditional trial-and-error optimization method by structural engineer is generally highly ineffective and very time-consuming for treating with large number of structural members in modern super tall buildings. This paper proposes a computerized optimization method for the optimal design of belt truss based on virtual work principle and Rayleigh method. The minimum steel quantity problem subject to story drift, period, and strength constraints is mathematically formulated. Finally the sizes of belt truss members are rigorously optimized using the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) method. The optimal design of a real 729 meter super tall building project was employed to illustrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed optimal design method.
Design and Construction for Durability and Maintainability of Reinforced Concrete Arch Bridge with Curved Girder
Authors: Uchibori Hiroyuki , Nagamoto Naoki , Nakajima Mitsuyoshi , Akita Osamu
Published: July 2015

Agematsu Bridge is a bridge spanning the class A Kiso River on Japan National Route 19, which was re-routed to the opposite side of the river through the Kakehashi Improvement Project. The bridge was designed as a concrete arch bridge with a curved stiffening girder. Such bridges are rare, but this design was used because the bridge piers could not be placed on the river due to river flow impediment ratio constraints, and because the road alignment involved a horizontal curve.

Since National Route 19 is an important arterial road without an alternate route, improving durability and maintainability are essential design considerations in order to minimize repair and renovation works. Hence, various schemes to improve

durability and maintainability were utilized during the design and construction.
Trondheim HolzBau Pier - The Elegance of Efficiency
Authors: Labonnote Nathalie , Mork John H. , Gunleiksrud Anders , Rønnquist Anders , Manum Bendik
Published: July 2015

An elegant timber pier, erected recently in the city of Trondheim in Norway, is the result of close interdisciplinary co-operation throughout its design process from the initial sketches, via modelling and analyses, to its fabrication and construction. Parametric tools, an iterative design process, and computational techniques are among the methodologies applied. The main result of this project is the development of an innovative synergy design process based on a common generative parametric geometry tailored for use by both the architects and structural engineer. Moreover, the parametrically generated geometry is applied automatically as a basis for the CNC manufacture of all structural components. This paper is expected to promote further construction of original (and elegant) structures in that it explores new means of co-operation throughout all stages of design and construction.
Predicting Vibration Behaviour of Cross Laminated Timber Floors
Authors: Ussher Ebenezer , Smith Ian
Published: July 2015

Ultra-lightweight products like Cross-Laminated-Timber (CLT) have entered the marketplace as alternatives to cast in-situ or precast reinforced concrete (RC) for construction of floor slabs. The primary advantage of using lightweight materials is that they reduce structural demands on supporting elements. However, lightweight slabs tend to exhibit higher levels of acceleration than RC slabs when subjected to dynamic loads, making it prudent to pay close attention to vibration serviceability when designing CLT slabs. Discussion here addresses a detailed finite element (FE) analysis approach as the reference point for defining accuracy capabilities of simple dynamic analysis formulas. It is concluded CLT floor slabs embody complexities in their modal responses that are beyond abilities of simple engineering formulas to predict.
An Experimental Study on the Fatigue Performance of Truss Pipe K-joints Using Cover Plate
Authors: Tominaga Tomonori
Published: July 2015

New low cost pipe K-joint detail using cover plate is proposed and evaluated. This joint type is originally applied to space flame building structures. To apply this structure to bridges or offshore structures, evaluation of fatigue performance is required. In this paper, fatigue tests were conducted on 4 types of structures using cover plate. Among these, new shape of cover plate and diaphragm were effective and they showed longer fatigue life compare to conventional TKY weld joint. Also, it was found that there are difficulties in application of HSS evaluation to this type of structures.
Application of 1000N Class Ultra-high Strength Steel to the Building
Authors: Kitaoka Satoshi , Fukuda Kohji , Ichinohe Yasuo , Kanno Ryoichi , Taga Kenzo
Published: July 2015

This paper presents the outline of the building to which 1000N class ultra-high strength steel has applied for the first time in the world. In addition, experiments and FEM analyses on 1000N class welded H-section columns assumed to be under the condition that horizontal force and axial force due to earthquakes are exerted are reported.
Bridges in Motion
Authors: Osborne Tom , Franck Lee
Published: July 2015

Elegance in structures can manifest itself in a variety of ways; from visual appearance, design innovation and efficiency, construction ingenuity, to close collaboration between disciplines. Moveable bridges must be designed to work structurally, mechanically and visually throughout a series of varied states, and as such, they must exhibit these attributes both statically and dynamically in order to be seen as elegant structures.
Numerical Simulation of Breaking Waves in a Wave Group by SPH
Authors: Pujianiki Ni Nyoman
Published: July 2015

Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic (SPH) numerical model is used to investigate wave group effects at breaking and after breaking by comparing individual waves in a group with equivalent regular waves. Regular wave break almost at the same position and with the same wave height. Meanwhile in a wave group, the wave breaks in the variant positions and with variant wave heights. These phenomena cause the breaking point to be more scattered in a wave group rather than in regular waves. Return flow due to the breaking of wave groups appears more significant and is extended to the full depth in the surf zone rather than in regular waves. Swash oscillations of the wave group in the surf zone appear irregular. Meanwhile in regular waves, swash oscillations are almost constant.
Determination of Optimal Clinker Factor in Cement Production by Chemical Grinding Aids Addition
Authors: Eryanto Titut , Amrina Elita
Published: July 2015

The cement industry has remarked as an intensive consumer of energy. The amount of energy consumed in the cement manufacturing has a correlation to the increasing of CO2 emission. It is reported that the cement Industry has contributed to 5–7% of the total CO2 emission in the world. Thus, there is a need to make an innovation in order to overcome the environmental problem. One of effort can be made is by using chemical grinding aids (CGA) as an additive material in the cement production process. This study aimed to determine the optimal clinker factor of the cement production by the addition of chemical grinding aids (CGA). The experiments are conducted in PT Semen Padang consisting of four variable of the clinker factor without CGA and with CGA addition 300 ppm. The clinker factor varies from 78.3% to 72.9%. The results show that the optimal clinker factor is at 74.5% with the CGA addition 300 ppm. It can improve the cement fineness to 3848cm2/gr and decrease the sieving R45μ to 10%. In addition, the strength of the cement produced is higher than the standard. The findings show the chemical grinding aids (CGA) addition in the cement production process can reduce the clinker factor as well as reducing the CO2 emissions. It can aid the cement industry to achieve the higher performance in green manufacturing and so as to increase the competitiveness.
Design and Simulation of Five Fingers Gripper for Dexterous Pick-Up Various of Components
Authors: Widhiada I. Wayan , Pitowarno Endra , Partha C.G. Indra , Wayan Reza Yuda A.P.
Published: July 2015

In this paper, the authors describe and demonstrate how a Five fingered gripper can be designed and simulated to provide both gross motion and fine motion to the fingers. Satisfactory motion responses for the finger simulation are achieved. The fine motion including force feedback and the gross motions, which orientate the fingers into their approximate configuration is provided by an advance PID control strategy. The fingers are to be controlled in a manner which mimics the kinematics and dynamics of the five fingers of a human hand. This mimicry is required to design the correct motions necessary to handle engineering components. In order to evaluate the design philosophy and capability of the five fingered gripper, a challenging assembly process has been identified. The five fingered gripper assembly was built using Solidworks software tool, and it’s mechanical assembly representation was established in SimMechanics. The advance PID control is very effectively used to control the trajectory of the fingers. The simulation results have been demonstrated that the radius of finger movement is achieved in stable response. The signal error towards closed less than 1% which it indicates the response dynamic system response is stable.
Mobile Robot Motion Planning to Avoid Obstacle Using Modified Ant Colony Optimization
Authors: Habib Nukman , Soeprijanto Adi , Purwanto Djoko , Purnomo Mauridhi Hery
Published: July 2015

The ability of mobile robot to move about the environment from initial position to the goal position, without colliding the obstacles is needed. This paper presents about motion planning of mobile robot (MR) in obstacles-filled workspace using the modified Ant Colony Optimization (M-ACO) algorithm combined with the point to point (PTP) motion in achieving the static goal. Initially, MR try to plan the path to reach a goal, but since there are obstacles on the path will be passed through so nodes must be placed around the obstacles. Then MR do PTP motion through this nodes chosen by M-ACO, in order to form optimal path from the choice nodes until the last node that is free from obstacles. The proposed approach shows that MR can not only avoid collision with obstacle but also make a global planning path. The simulation result have shown that the proposed algorithm is suitable for MR motion planning in the complex environments with less running time.
Experimental Investigation of Micro-Hydro Waterwheel Models to Determine Optimal Efficiency
Authors: Jasa Lie , Priyadi Ardyono , Purnomo Mauridhi Hery
Published: July 2015

The waterwheel is the main component in the energy conversion process of micro-hydro power. The amount of energy converted by the waterwheel depends on its model, blade shape, location, and position. Our objective in this study was to identify the waterwheel characteristics that yield optimal efficiency. We designed and created three prototype waterwheel models, tested them, and collected data for analysis. Measurement data related to various adjustments in the position and angle of the nozzle with respect to the blades. The results show that triangular rather than straight or curved blades yielded the highest efficiency, but that the location characteristics strongly influence the optimum angle positions of the nozzle etc.
Tree Data Structure Implementation in Android Base System of E-Ulambebantenan
Authors: Sudana Anak Agung Kompiang Oka , Brampramana Putra A.A.G.
Published: July 2015

This paper describes the implementation of data tree structure for the application information system of ulam bebantenan. Ulam bebantenan complementary tool part of the offerings at a ceremony Hindusm in Bali. The structure of the data tree displays information about the data contained in a kind of ulam bebantenan. The data information is displayed in the form of the name of a ulam, ulam’s function, description of ulam, recipe, until the methode of cooking of ulam bebantenan. Application of information system is built to be run on mobile devices with the Android operating system. This application provides information about the description text, images and video related to bebantenan side dish in Bali. Users acquire data with information from the application access to the server system.
Development and Prospects of the Shapes of Concrete Hollow Block for Building Wall
Authors: Zhao Jun , Zhang Jing Shu , Wang Li , Liu Le , Wang Zheng
Published: July 2015

The shapes of concrete hollow block for building wall in recent years have been investigated and analyzed in the paper. Firstly, a standard to evaluate the shapes of concrete hollow block is recommended. Secondly, a simple and clear method of graph is adopted to classify the shapes, and numerical of typical shapes are illustrated and evaluated by the standard recommended. At last, problems of concrete hollow block in China were summarized and raised.
Multi-Level Structural Characteristics and Quasi-Static Analysis of the Hagia Sophia Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Chen Quan Rong , Zheng Chuan Zhang , Ning Xiao Qian , Liang Xing Hua , Huang Shi Qing
Published: July 2015

The historic Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, which held the record as the world's largest domed building for about 800 years, is analyzed with a 3D finite element formulation, by using commercial FEA software ANSYS Workbench 14.5, to understand its structural behaviour under the action of static loading. Four different levels of structural systems are demonstrated and the their effects on the maximum values of the first principal stresses in the main dome are discussed.
FVM Simulation of Porthole Die Extrusion Process for a Large Caliber Aluminum Tube Profile
Authors: Wang Rui
Published: July 2015

Aiming at the aluminum profile extrusion process of a large caliber aluminum tube with porthole die, this paper established the simulation models by using finite element method and finite volume method, respectively. The extrusion process was simulated by using the above two models. The advantages and disadvantages and the applicability of the two simulation methods in simulating large aluminum profile extrusion processes were compared. It is concluded that finite volume method is more suitable than finite element method for simulating aluminum profile extrusion processes with a severe deformation. In addition, the distributions of stress and strain and the material flow patterns in the large caliber aluminum tube extrusion process with porthole die were given in detail. The results can provide useful theoretical guidelines for the process and die design as well as process parameter optimal selection for large aluminum profile extrusion processes with porthole die.
Preparation of TZP/Glass Composites as Dental Ceramic Materials
Authors: Yang Jin Ping , Wang Jing , Wei Heng Yong
Published: July 2015

The glass frits were prepared via high temperature melting and water quenching method and nano zirconia powders were synthesized via coprecipitation method. XRD and SEM were utilized to analyze the phase composition and microstructures. The results revealed that when the additive amount of frits was 5%, the samples sintered at 1400 °C for 1 h had homogeneous microstructure.
Finite Element Analysis and Optimization on the Numerical Control Lathe Bed
Authors: Zhang Yao Man , Wang Chao Qun , Lin Xiu Li
Published: July 2015

Lathe bed is one of the important parts of machine tool, and its performance will affect the final machining accuracy of the machine tool directly. A numerical control lathe produced by a machine tool plant was taken as the research object, the finite element analysis and optimization method of the Lathe bed were studied. First of all, the external load of the bed was analyzed, static performance finite element analysis of the bed was implemented, and the corresponding analysis results were obtained. Then, the evaluation methods were discussed, and the deformations of junction areas were studied. At the same time, its effect on the performance of machine tool could also be analyzed. Based on the topology optimization method, the conceptual model of Lathe bed could be acquired, and also the rationality of the existing machine tool structure was discussed. The finite element analysis and optimization method of Lathe bed were concluded, which are helpful to obtain the static characteristics of the Lathe bed accurately. Moreover, there is an important practical significance to design the Lathe bed reasonably and to promote the machine tools comprehensive performance.