bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research for transformer operation state prediction method based on BO-CNN-GRU
Authors: Zhou Mingjie , Xu Jing , Xing Chaojian , Li Yankai , Liu Shuxin
Published: May 2024

In the realm of electrical engineering, this study introduces a novel approach for forecasting transformer operational conditions by leveraging BO-CNN-GRU (Bayesian Optimized Convolutional Neural Network Gated Loop Unit). The initial step involves an in-depth analysis of the key parameters that significantly impact the operational performance of the transformer. Then, the comprehensive weights of each characteristic parameter of the transformer are obtained by the G1 method, entropy weight method, and CRITIC method, and the comprehensive state data of the transformer is obtained. Finally, BO (Bayesian optimization) and CNN (convolutional neural network) are used to optimize the GRU neural network to form a comprehensive prediction model of the future operation state for the transformer based on BO-CNN-GRU. Employing transformer operation status data, we develop a unified neural network model to forecast the forthcoming operation statuses of transformers. This model can more accurately and faster predict the future status of transformers. By analyzing specific cases, it has been determined that the predictive model’s average accuracy in forecasting transformer operational status one month ahead is at an impressive 98.44%, which can accurately predict the future state changes of transformers.
Study on gamma spectrum measurement of high-dose-rate radiation
Authors: Zhou Huanyin , Xu Feiyan , Xie Yanhui , Lu Zhanzhan , Wu Feifei , Hu Huanting
Published: May 2024

Currently, spectrometers are almost used for spectrum measuring of low-dose-rate radiation. Therefore, the sensitive volume of the spectrometer detector is usually big, and the width of the nuclear pulse is often wide. The pulse throughput of the spectrometer does not have to be very high. However, if a nuclear accident or a nuclear burst occurs, the dose rate will be high. When we measure the spectrum of the radiation, pulses output from the spectrometer detector will pile up seriously. The current spectrometer cannot meet the needs of high-dose-rate radiation energy spectrum measurement. To solve the problem of spectrum measuring of high-dose-rate radiation, in this paper, a solution of measuring the gamma spectrum of high-dose-rate radiation is put forward, and many measures are taken, such as lessening the detector volume, detector shielding, narrowing down the nuclear pulse width, pulse anti-pileup, and increasing the pulse throughput of the multi-channel analyzer through FPGA parallel processing. Analysis design and experiment show that the gamma spectrum of high-dose-rate radiation can be measured through these measures.
Preprocessing method for digital X-Ray weld images
Authors: Xie Cheng , Liu Jun , Wang Yao , Dong Shaohua , Xu Qingqing , Liu Jiayue
Published: May 2024

Pipelines represent the main mode of transportation for oil and gas, and failure caused by weld defects is the primary cause of accidents, presenting significant risks to personal and environmental safety. Therefore, regularly inspecting pipeline welds is essential for reducing accidents, ensuring personal safety, protecting the environment, and achieving sustainable development. Although manual photographic X-ray inspection is widely utilized for the detection of weld defects in various industries, this process is challenging since X-ray images are noisy and unclear, with uneven grey values. This study proposed a noise reduction framework by introducing a Wiener filter into the wavelet domain to reduce noise in X-ray images while minimizing information loss. Furthermore, a comprehensive evaluation factor that combined contrast and the noise reduction level was proposed to reduce the dependence of image processing performance on wavelet thresholds. Additionally, this study improved the Laplace method by adaptively adjusting the normal and tangential diffusion coefficients to enhance the weld X-ray image contrast without increasing the noise. Through qualitative comparison and quantitative analysis, it has been determined that the suggested methods exhibit better properties than alternative industrial pipeline weld X-ray image processing algorithms. This superiority is observed in objective values as well as subjective visualizations.
Auto-disturbance rejection fault-tolerant control of quadrotor based on adaptive observer
Authors: Ren Ruixuan
Published: May 2024

To solve the problem of fault diagnosis and adjustment of the quadrotor actuator, a model of the quadrotor vehicle system is established by using the Newton-Euler method considering the unmodeled uncertainty of the system. A fault diagnosis observer with an adaptive threshold is designed to isolate the fault and estimate the fault amplitude. By using the compensation function to improve the extended state observer, an improved active disturbance rejection control system with high order feedback is constructed to improve the robustness and security of the system. Numerical simulation results show that the proposed method is feasible.
Weak faults diagnosis of traction motor bearings based on SR-MED-EEMD method
Authors: Liu Yumei , Hu Ting , Hao Zixu
Published: May 2024

Rolling bearings play a crucial role in ensuring the security and reliable operation of high-speed trains (HST) as a vital component of their traction system. In response to the difficulty in extracting early fault features of high-speed train traction motor bearings under strong background noise, a method based on sparse representation (SR), minimum entropy deconvolution (MED), and ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) is proposed. The method reduces the dimensionality of complex signals through SR and then filters the sparse signals through MED to improve the fault signal pulse amplitude. The processed signals are decomposed by using EEMD to remove noise components, further improving the peak signal-to-noise ratio of fault characteristic frequency. The method’s efficacy in detecting faults within rolling bearings has been confirmed through simulation experiments and demonstrated its high precision.
Research on fault diagnosis method of the hydraulic system based on digital twin
Authors: Sun Jishuo , Yang Yousheng , Shi Lin , Yang Jiaxuan , Feng Fuzhou
Published: May 2024

As an advanced technology, digital-twin (DT) is an effective method to achieve information fusion and has been widely applied in fault diagnosis (FD). An integrated model, which consists of the DT model, consistency model, and FD network, is developed to detect faults in hydraulic systems (HS) by the dual effective information communication between the virtual model and real system. The consistency between the model and the real system can be guaranteed with the consistency model. A large number of labeled datasets generated by the DT model are used to train the FD network, which results in a significant reduction in the uncertainty of model parameters. A case study is done to investigate the performance of the DT method and the results show that the method can diagnose faults of HS effectively, efficiently, and accurately.
A novel indoor precise positioning method based on RSS and AOA hybrid measurements
Authors: Wang Yiting , Fu Jingqi , Wu Zetai
Published: May 2024

The growing demand for indoor positioning services has made high-precision positioning methods a key area of research. This paper presents a positioning method that addresses the limited accuracy of Single received signal strength (RSS) positioning methods by combining RSS and angle of arrival (AOA) measurements. Taylor expansion is employed to transform the nonlinear maximum likelihood (ML) optimization model, resulting in a linear matrix equation. We propose two indoor target position estimation methods: linear least squares (LLS) and distance-weighted least squares (D-WLLS). Lastly, an experimental platform is constructed in a real indoor environment to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Research on fault type identification method for electrical equipment based on MFCC-CNN
Authors: Wang Chao , Zheng Haotian , Yin Qing , Yi Xin
Published: May 2024

As a critical component of the power system, the secure and reliable functioning of electrical equipment is the key to ensuring the dependability of energy supply. In this article, a fault type identification method based on Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients-based Convolutional Neural Networks (MFCC-CNN) for electrical equipment was proposed. Firstly, the reasons for the sound generated by electrical equipment during the operation were analyzed. Then the MFCC coefficient of sound features was extracted by collecting and processing the faulty sound of electrical equipment. Finally, a CNN model was established to train and recognize sound signals. This method combines the recognition and classification of sound with deep learning (DL), which can significantly improve the efficiency of fault diagnosis.
Low-voltage and high-penetration distributed photovoltaic access control technology based on intelligent measurement
Authors: Wang Yinglong , Guo Yongjiang
Published: May 2024

This project takes high-penetration distributed photovoltaic access as the background and studies the control method for low voltage and high penetration distributed photovoltaic access. Firstly, by analyzing the measured data of the low-voltage distribution network, the daily load and measured values of the low-voltage distribution network were obtained. On this basis, the topology structure of a high-penetration distributed photovoltaic grid-connected system is studied, and the voltage, current, power, and other parameters of the grid-connected system are obtained. A low-voltage and high-penetration distributed photovoltaic grid-connected control method based on a genetic algorithm is adopted. Experiments have shown that the maximum allowable capacity of this scheme is smaller than the standard value and can effectively suppress voltage fluctuations. The experimental results show that the system has good grid connection performance, which is of great significance for improving the operational stability and efficiency of low-voltage distribution systems.
The comparative egg physical characteristics from four poultry species
Authors: Kostaman T , Tribudi Y A , Azizah N , Kusumaningrum D A , Adiati U , Pamungkas F A , Hafid A , Matitaputty P R , Gunawan M , Koswara E , Miraya N , Sopian E
Published: May 2024

In this study, we examined the physical characteristics of two local breeds (Cemani chicken and Mojosari putih duck) and two imported breeds (White Leghorn chicken and Peking duck). A total of 280 eggs were tested. Egg physical characteristics and hatchability were analyzed using ANOVA with consideration for breed effects using GLM (SPSS version 25). Peking ducks have a heavier, larger mean of geometric diameter, larger volumes, and larger surface area of eggs (p<0.05). Among them, the Cemani chicken is the smallest in the world (p<0.05). Cemani chicken and Mojosari putih ducks had the highest sphericity and shape index scores, and were significantly different from White Leghorn chickens and Peking ducks (p<0.05). Density parameters were highest in Cemani chickens as well as in White Leghorn chickens, but were significantly different from Peking ducks and Mojosari putih ducks (p<0.05). Hatchability was related to the shape index value. Mojosari putih ducks and Cemani chickens have a higher shape index than White Leghorn chickens and Peking ducks. In summary, the Peking duck was better, but the hatchability was higher for the Mojosari putih duck and Cemani chicken.
Recovery ability of sperm after freezing of pasundan bull semen
Authors: Pamungkas F A , Wulandari V , Darussalam I , Widaningsih R , Hadi D N , Kusumaningrum D A , Adiati U , Muttaqin Z , Maulana T , Santoso  , Solihati N , Arrazy A F , Koswara E , Asepriyadi
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study is to look at Pasundan bulls’ sperm-freezing capacity for recovery. Three bulls’ sperm were collected using an artificial vagina. According to the normal operating protocols of the Center for Artificial Insemination Breeding and Development of Beef Cattle, Ciamis, West Java, fresh semen with sperm motility of 70% was frozen using a tris egg yolk extender. Evaluations of the percentage of motility, viability, and plasma membrane integrity were done under fresh, equilibrium, and post-thawing conditions to determine sperm destruction and the capacity of sperm to recover in each phase. Using the statistical package SPSS Version 25 application, descriptive statistics were used to examine all of the data. The findings indicated that the percentages of motility, viability, and plasma membrane integrity decreased during the freezing procedure. The motility, viability, and plasma membrane integrity of pasundan bovine semen recovered at rates of 64.29, 78.97, and 63.13%, respectively, following the freezing procedure. Based on recovery rates, it is demonstrated that pasundan bull semen has strong resistance and successful survival rates throughout the freezing procedure.
Evaluation productivity of the integration model goat-chicken and horticulture
Authors: Maranatha G , Nalle A A , Yunus M , Samba F D , Amalo D
Published: May 2024

Farming systems in rural conditions in the dry land areas of East Nusa Tenggara are still carried out traditionally and cultivation is monoculture, causing low land use efficiency to increase income, therefore crop-livestock integration is a solution for carrying out farming activities by combining agricultural-livestock business activities in one farming activities. This study aims to evaluate the daily weight gain of goats and broiler chickens strains CP 707, the production of horticultural crops long beans (Vigna unguiculata), the production of fresh forage ingredients for animal feed from the application of the goat-chicken-horticulture integration model. This research was conducted on an area of 150 m2/1.5 acres, which was planted with horticultural crops and odot grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott) and used 4 etawa cross-breed goats consisting of 3 female goats, 1 male goat and 25 chickens which were reared in one staged cage with an area of 9 m2 which was carried out in an integrated manner. The data obtained were tabulated and analyzed descriptively to summarize and describe the data through the average value and standard deviation. Based on the results of these studies, the average body weight gain of goats was 50.00±8.29 gram/head/day, chicken body weight gain was 23.45±2.43 gram/head/day, horticultural crops long beans production was 34.5±7.0 kg/acres, fresh forage production was obtained. 147.015±1.45 kg/acres. The conclusion from this study is that the use of the goat-chicken-horticulture integration model can be applied by farmer-breeders because it does not interfere with the productivity of each commodity.
Morphometry and in vitro fertility of epididymal sperm in swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Jaswandi  , Udin Z , Harissatria  , Ananda
Published: May 2024

This research aimed to describe the morphometric and in vitro fertility of epididymal sperm in swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Three buffalo testes were obtained from the abattoir, and sperm were collected from the cauda epididymis. Morphometric and characteristics of epididymal sperm were analyzed under a phase contrast microscope, and the fertility of epididymal sperm was evaluated by assessing their ability to fertilize mature oocytes. The morphometric values for sperm head length, sperm head width, tail length, ellipticity, and elongation were 8.39±1.18 µm, 4.06±0.44 µm, 2.01±0.33, 0.33±0.07, 45.40±12.06 µm, and 72.40±12.06 µm, respectively. The mean percentages of live sperm, motility, membrane plasma integrity, and intact membrane plasma were 83.40±2.94, 76.67±5.77, 11.07±0.11, and 62.78±2.51%, respectively. The fertility of epididymal sperm was 44.50%. In conclusion, epididymal sperm have the potency to fertilize oocytes.
Polymorphisms of the Leptin gene in Jabres cattle
Authors: Prihandini P W , Sari A P Z N L , Tribudi Y A , Robba D K , Wibowo T B
Published: May 2024

Many genes, including the leptin gene, control growth performance. Polymorphism or SNPs variant within the gene could change its expression in phenotypes. This study aimed to identify the SNP and haplotype variation of the leptin gene in Jabres cattle (n = 47 head). The SNPs variant was detected using the BioEdit version 7.0 program by sequence alignment. The HaploView program analyzed the haplotype pattern created from the SNP variants. As a result, 20 SNPs were found within the partial sequence of the leptin gene. Only 3 SNPs are located in the coding sequence (CDS) region, SNP g. 12215T>C, g.12237C>T, and g.12238G>A. For the haplotype analysis, we used only SNPs with HW p-value cutoff and minimum minor allele frequency (MAF) higher than 0.05 (Jabres = 12 SNPs). The result showed a distinctive haplotype pattern of SNPs. All the blocks of LD plot in Jabres cattle showed a high linked disequilibrium (LD) (R2 > 0.33, LOD > 2) except for the block containing SNP g.12238G>A (R2 < 0.33, LOD < 2). In conclusion, the polymorphism and haplotype pattern found in this study could be used for further association analysis to the phenotypes, and its utilization could be used as an effective marker selection tool.
Morphometric Analysis to Study the Genetic Diversity of the Gayo Horse as Animal Genetic Resources in Aceh
Authors: Sari E M , Abdullah M A N , Ammar M , Azim M
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to analyze the morphometric diversity of the Gayo Horse as the germplasm of native Indonesian horses in accordance with the Decree of the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia No.1054/Kpts/SR.120/10/2014 in order to obtain standardized data on the size of the Gayo horse morphometrics which are also part of the conservation and preservation effort of the Gayo horse as a local horse genetic resources. The research was conducted in Central Aceh, Bener Meriah. and Gayo Lues Regency on 87 male Gayo Horses. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling and the collected data were then analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis. Based on the results of the study, male Gayo horses had an average (cm) body length of 102.96 ± 29.69, body height of 113.62 ± 3.53, chest circumference of 136.92 ± 7.07, hip witdh of 37.14 ± 7.77 and scrotal circumference of 24.4±5.56.
The level of reproductive hormones of Boer goats based on type of birth: triplets and singles
Authors: Kartika N M A , Fitriyah A , Harmayani R , Mariani Y , Fajri N A , Jamili A , Isyaturriyadhah
Published: May 2024

Boer goats are one of the animals imported from other countries, with various advantages compared to other species. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the differences between Blood FSH and LH levels of Boer goats based on type of birth, namely triplets and single. The sample population consist of 8, which were equally divided into 2 groups, including triplets (12) and singletons (4) (as a control). The parameters measured were performance of quantitatives, blood sampling, and Blood FSH and LH levels. FSH and LH levels were examined at the Immunobiology Laboratory, Mataram University, and the data obtained were analyzed using a t-test. The results showed that birth type of triplets (BK) of Boer goats had lower production performance in terms of morphometric size when compared to their single-birth counterparts (BT). However, triplets birthing category had elevated FSH and LH levels (mlU/ml) within the blood. The comparative levels were FSH = 3.612±0.06 (BK) vs 3.531±0.09 (BT) and LH = 3.493±0.27 (BK) vs 3.371±0.20 (BT). A postive correlation surfaces between FSH and LH levels in the blood and the quantitative performance of goats. In conclusion, the study establishes that goats harboring the potential to give birth to triplets can be discerned through their quantitative performance and levels of FSH and LH.
Identification of the ADH1C|FspI gene polymorphism and its association with flavor and odor in Indonesian local sheep
Authors: Muharram F , Listyarini K , Sumantri C , Budiman C , Gunawan A
Published: May 2024

Sheep meat’s flavor and odor may not be as appealing to Indonesians, necessitating genetic improvements in these aspects. The ADH1C (Alcohol Dehydrogenase 1C) gene significantly influences the conversion of ethanol to acetate in liver tissue, directly impacting sheep meat’s flavor and odor. The purpose of this study was to see how ADH1C gene polymorphisms affected sheep meat flavor and odor in Indonesian sheep. The study utilized a sample of 100 rams, including 10 Javanese fat-tailed (JFT), 78 Javanese thin-tailed (JTT), and 12 Jonggol sheep (JS), all aged between 10 and 12 months. To identify polymorphisms and associations of ADH1C|FspI, the researchers employed Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and General Linear Model (GLM) tests. The results revealed polymorphisms in the ADH1C gene, with two genotypes observed: CG (440, 275, 165 bp) and GG (440 bp). These genotypes were found to be in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE). Moreover, the ADH1C gene displayed a significant (P<0.05) association with 4-methyl octanoic (MOA) and 4-methyl nonanoic (MNA) compounds, with the GG genotype exhibiting the lowest flavor and odor contents. The study suggests that ADH1C with SNP g.25288858 C>G could potentially serve as a marker for selecting Indonesian sheep with a lower flavor and odor.
The potential of Indonesian simmental cattle in Nagari Balai Panjang, Lareh Sago Halaban District, Limapuluh Kota Regency, Sumatera Barat Province, Indonesia
Authors: Rastosari A , Afriyani T , Chaniago N Y , Hellyward J , Edwin T , Utami Y , Syahrial
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to determine the output value of Indonesian Simmental cattle in Nagari Balai Panjang, Lareh Sago Halaban District, Limapuluh District. This study used 220 farmers as respondents, who owned 379 Indonesian Simmental cattle. This study used a survey method with a snowball sampling technique. The variables observed in this study included the number of adult, young, and calf Indonesian Simmental cattle, the number of births and deaths of Indonesian Simmental cattle within the last year, and the identity of the breeder. The data was taken with the help of a questionnaire. Then the data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the value of Indonesian Simmental cattle’s natural increase (NI) was 32.19%. The net replacement rate (NRR) of female Indonesian Simmental cattle is 332.52%. The estimated output value of Indonesian Simmental cattle is 32.19% or 122 heads, with details of rejected males at 0%, rejected females at 6.95%, the remaining male replacements at 9.08%, and the remaining female replacements at 16.16%. The output value in Nagari Balai Panjang was the same as the NI value, which means there was a population balance. Nagari Balai Panjang could potentially become a source area for Indonesian Simmental cattle.
Effect of Pediococcus acidilactici BK01 as probiotic on performance broiler chicken
Authors: Harun H , Melia S , Pratama Y E , Amelia R , Susmiati  , Pratama Y G R , Purwati E
Published: May 2024

Pediococcus acidilactici is classified as a strain of lactic acid bacteria with probiotic properties. The utilization of probiotics within the livestock industry is anticipated to enhance the performance of broiler chickens, particularly in terms of augmenting body weight and feed intake. This study aims to investigate the impact of administering Pediococcus acidilactici BK01 (PA). The present study employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of three treatments and six repetitions, spanning a rearing period of up to 32 days. The recorded criteria encompassed feed consumption, body weight gain, and feed conversion in broiler chickens. The probiotics were administered via oral force-feeding, adhering to the prescribed treatment doses (A = none; B = 1 ml; C = 2 ml). The study’s findings demonstrated a statistically significant (P<0.01) reduction in feed consumption while administering a 2 ml dosage of Pediococcus acidilactici. The subjects’ body weight increase and feed conversion were not significantly affected (P>0.05) by the consumption and administration of 1 ml and 2 ml of Pediococcus acidilactici. This study determined that administering 2 ml of Pediococcus acidilactici resulted in favorable broiler performance, reducing feed consumption. The average feed consumption was found to be 2210.78.
Reproductive performance of Aceh cattle as animal genetic resources in Sampoiniet, Aceh Jaya, Aceh Province, Indonesia
Authors: Novita C I , Muhammad M , Sari E M , Abdullah M A N , Gaznur Z M , Samadi
Published: May 2024

Aceh cattle are one of animal genetic resources in Indonesia that have high adaptability to feed and extreme climates, therefore their existence must be maintained. This research aimed to identify the ability of aceh cattle reproductive in Sampoiniet Subdistrict, Aceh Jaya, Indonesia. A survey method was applied in this study covering 4 (four) villages, Kuala Ligan, Ie Jeureungeh, Ligan, and Teupin Limeng. The sample of villages and respondents were determined using purposive method in which the villages should have the most aceh cattle in Sampoiniet subdistrict and respondents should have at least two aceh cattle that have calved twice. The selected respondents were 60 farmers. Variables observed were the puberty age, first calving age, calving interval, service period, and calf weaning age. The collected data were analyzed descriptively using frequency and percentage. The result shows that the age of puberty was 13.11±1.06 months, the first calving age was 4.06±0.29 years, the calving interval was 18.42±1.07 months, the service period was 9.42±1.07 months, and the calf weaning age was 9.62 ±2.7 months. From these results, it can be drawn conclusion of this study that the reproductive characteristics of Aceh cattle in Sampoiniet Subdistrict, Aceh Jaya was categorized as poor.
Effect of Bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi L) marination on the physicochemical properties of beef rarit
Authors: Patriani P , Irgiadi A , Panjaitan H L
Published: May 2024

Developing beef into more innovative products needs to consider consumer demand that tends to shift to safe and healthy products. In Lombok, Indonesia, a processed product made from beef, sour spices, and salt is called rarit. This study aimed to determine the effect of Averrhoa bilimbi marination on the physicochemical quality of beef rarit. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatment used was Averrhoa bilimbi concentration (B0 = 0%, B1 = 15%, B2 = 30%, B3 = 45%). The results showed that marination using Averrhoa bilimbi had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on pH. Marination using Averrhoa bilimbi also had a significant effect (P<0.05) on weight yield, moisture content, and protein content but no significant effect (P>0.05) on the fat content of beef rarit meat. It was concluded that 30% marination (B2) improved the physicochemical quality of beef tender meat stored for 4 days. Averrhoa bilimbi is an effective natural ingredient that can improve the quality of beef tender products and can be used sustainably because it is practical and economical.
Antioxidant activity and viability Lactobacillus acidophilus synbiotic yogurt with the addition of white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) extract
Authors: Sakul S. , Komansilan S. , Tamasoleng M. , Rumondor D. , Hadju R.
Published: May 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity, Lactobacillus acidophilus bacterial survival, cholesterol levels, and total lactic acid bacteria of synbiotic yogurt added to Pleurotus ostreatus white oyster mushroom extract. Synbiotic yogurt is a fermented milk product that is prepared by adding probiotic lactic acid bacteria, such as Streptococcus thermophillus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. White oyster mushrooms have minerals and dietary fiber called beta-glucan that can function as prebiotics. White oyster mushroom extract concentrations were utilized as treatments with T0 = 0%, T1 = 2%, T2 = 4%, T3 = 6%, and T4 = 8% in the full randomized design (RAL) used in this study. Repeated four times for each treatment. The outcomes demonstrated a very significant impact (P< 0.01) of the synbiotic yogurt with the inclusion of white oyster mushroom extract on the antioxidant activity, viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria, cholesterol levels, and total lactic acid bacteria. The findings of this study suggest that a larger concentration of white oyster mushroom extract has significant antioxidant activity, increases the viability of all lactic acid bacteria, including Lactobacillus acidophylus, and lowers total cholesterol.
Effect of feeding treated or untreated corn cob as grass basal diet replacement on nutrient digestibility, N utilization, and rumen fermentation of lambs
Authors: Yulistiani D. , Puastuti W. , Tresia G. E. , Sutedi E. , Ramon E. , Sopian E. , Maplani
Published: May 2024

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of substituting a grass basal diet with either untreated or treated corn cobs on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen utilization, and rumen fermentation in lambs. The research utilized 20 lambs aged of 6 months, with an average initial body weight of 17.29 ± 2.05 kg. These lambs were divided into six groups based body weight, each lamb in each group received one of basal diet treatment: fresh chopped grass (FG), ground corn cob (GC), ensiled corn cob (EC), and urea-treated corn cob (UC). The basal diet was provided ad libitum and supplemented with 350 g/head/day of concentrate. The concentrate was formulated to contain 18% crude protein and 73% TDN (total digestible nutrients). Results of the study indicated that the various basal diets influenced fibre digestibility (NDF, ADF, and cellulose). Among the diets, the highest fibre digestibility was observed in the lambs fed the urea-treated corn cob basal diet. The basal diet treatment also affected the excretion of nitrogen through faeces and urine. Lambs fed the urea-treated corn cob basal diet exhibited the highest urinary nitrogen excretion, whereas nitrogen absorption was most efficient in the grass basal diet. Conversely, nitrogen retention was similar across all diets, averaging 2.32 g/head/day. Rumen fermentation parameters, including ruminal pH, NH3-N, and total VFA, exhibited similarity across the different diet treatments. In conclusion, this study suggests that both untreated and treated corn cobs is potential as fibre sources to replace grass basal diet for lambs.
Ganoderma lucidum-Treated Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB): A Potential Feedstuff for Goats
Authors: BeAnn G Y , Rakib M R M , Zailan M Z , Candyrine S C L
Published: May 2024

The digestibility and rumen fermentation characteristics in goats fed with biologically pretreated oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) with Ganoderma lucidum as total mixed ration (TMR) were evaluated in this study. OPEFB biologically pretreated with G. lucidum for 12 weeks of solid-state fermentation (SSF) period were formulated as TMR in an animal feeding trial giving treatments to T1: Basal diet (Control); T2: Basal diet with 25% replacement of grass with untreated OPEFB; and T3: Basal diet with 25% replacement of grass with treated OPEFB. This delignification on the treated OPEFB indicated break down of lignin content and becomes more digestible for ruminant consumption. The feeding of T1, T2 and T3 shown significant difference (p<0.05) in acid detergent lignin digestibility (ADLD) and total bacterial count. T2 had higher lignin content, lower ADLD and lower bacterial population compared to T1 and T3. It is postulated that the high lignin content and lower ADLD in T2 negatively affected bacterial growth, while T1 and T3 were comparable. Consequently, OPEFB treated with G. lucidum can be used as a replacement for grass as roughage source in TMR, without causing negative effects on the animal’s digestion.
The influence of the form of feed on the productivity of Broiler chickens
Authors: Yaung S , Praptiwi I I , Wahida  , Lesik M.M.N.N
Published: May 2024

Several factors influence livestock productivity, including feed intake, weight gain and ration conversion. This study aims to determine the effect of feed forms on feed intake, weight gain and ration conversion. This study used a randomized design complete with 3 treats and 3 repeats. The treatment used A1: mash feed, A2: pellet feed without adhesive, and A3: Pellet feed using adhesive. The results showed that the form of feed did not affect livestock productivity, but in value, it can be seen that the highest feed consumption in A3 treatment, amounting to 77,06 g/head/day. The highest weight gain was obtained in the A1 treatment, amounting to 105 g. The best FCR value in the A1 treatment was 1,21.
Effects of various plant-based condensed tannin on rumen microbiome population: A meta-analysis
Authors: Susanto I , Rahmadani M , Pangesti R T , Wiryawan K G , Laconi E B , Jayanegara A
Published: May 2024

Tannins are bioactive compounds found in plants and are very prospective for use in reducing methane gas production by ruminants. The effect of extracts of tannin compounds on methane gas parameters effectively reduces methane production. However, the population dynamics of the rumen microbiome showed varying results depending on tannin levels, types of tannins, and sources of tannins used. This study analyzed the effect of extracts of condensed tannin (CT) compounds from various plants on rumen microbiome populations using a meta-analysis approach. A total of 9 articles comprising 27 studies (comparisons) were selected for meta-analysis. The results showed that condensed tannins effectively reduced the rumen’s protozoa and methanogenic archaea population (p<0.01). In addition, condensed tannin supplementation did not affect the total bacterial population (p>0.05). Sub-group analysis based on various plants showed that Leucaena had the best effect (p<0.01) on reducing archaea methane populations. The research conclusion proves that CT is effective in reducing the population of methane-forming precursor bacteria, such as archaea and protozoa, without affecting the total bacterial population in the rumen.
Correlation and regression models of rice bran to predict chemical composition with organoleptic tests
Authors: Darmayani DE , Mahardhika BP , Kalsum U , Ali U
Published: May 2024

The goals of this research were to find the relationship between the chemical and the organoleptic quality of rice bran in the city and district of Malang and to create a model for estimating the nutrient content of rice bran based on its organoleptic value. This study used a completely randomized design with 14 treatments and 5 replications. The treatment in this research was the rice bran sampling area while the replication was based on the respondent. Data analysis using regression analysis and correlation. The observed variables included color, texture, and odor as well as the correlation between chemical quality and organoleptic tests of rice bran. The results obtained in this research were that there is a strong relationship between chemical quality and chemical quality with a correlation coefficient of 0.028 – 0. 825 and a coefficient of determination of 0.002-0.728. The best estimation model for the relationship between protein content and texture is with the regression equationY = 1.358x + 5.144. The chemical quality of rice bran (nutrient content) of rice bran in the city and district of Malang can be estimated by its organoleptic quality. The best organolaptic and chemical quality of rice bran in Malang city and district is rice bran from Klojen district. Estimation of chemical quality in the form of nutrient content of rice bran can be done by organolaptic testing
The effect of mangrove leaf (Rhizophora apiculata) based diet and fermented tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) on the metabolite status of kacang goats
Authors: Jamarun N , Ikhlas Z , Sari RWW
Published: May 2024

Mangrove leaves are coastal plants that can be utilized as livestock feed. To enhance their nutritional content and shelf life, appropriate technologies such as hay production are employed. Fermented Tithonia is used as a protein source in the diet of Kacang goats. This study aimed to optimize the performance of Kacang goats through a combination of mangrove leaf hay and fermented Tithonia. The formulation was designed to minimize the use of concentrates in the diet. A total of 16 male Kacang goats, aged 1 year, the following were used in this research. A Replicated Complete Goup Design was employed, with four diet treatments and four groups based on goats weight. The treatments consisted of : (T1; 35% mangrove leaf + 5% Tithonia diversifolia + 60% Concentrate, T2; 30% mangrove leaf + 10% Tithonia diversifolia + 60% concentrate, T3; 25% mangrove leaf + 15% Tithonia diversifolia + 60% Concentrate, T4; 20% mangrove leaf + 20% Tithonia diversifolia + 60% Concentrate). Parameters measured included blood cholesterol, High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL). Results indicated that treatment P4 provided the best blood metabolite profile, with a cholesterol value of 61.95 mg/dl, HDL value of 54.27 mg/dl, and LDL value of 32.44 mg/dl. This proves that treatment T4 combination of 20% mangrove leaves, 20% Tithonia and 60% concentrate produces low cholesterol kacang goats that are good for human consumption.
Different alternative pellet binders affect the durability and density of Indigofera pellet
Authors: Bain A , Isnaeni P D , Napirah A , Kurniawan W
Published: May 2024

Indigofera is one of the many legumes that contains high protein which can be utilized as ruminant protein source. Indigofera utilization for feed industries may be limited by its volume especially during transportation. To reduce high volume of Indigofera transportation, pelleting is needed. Binder is one of the main components in producing pellet. This research aimed to analyse the effect of different binders in the durability, bulk density, density, organic matter content, dry matter content, and crude protein content of Indigofera pellet. The treatments used were LignoBond DD ® as standard binder, sago flour, cornstarch, and tapioca flour. The results showed that pellet durability and density were significantly affected by pellet binder while bulk density, organic matter, dry matter, and crude protein were not affected. The best alternative pellet binder that has the same result as LignoBond® as standard binder is tapioca flour.
Protected fat-protein response in the diet to fatty acid profile of rumen fluid
Authors: Wulandari  , Noviandi C T , Widyobroto B P , Agus A
Published: May 2024

Fat supplementation in the ration has a negative impact on rumen microbes and the biohydrogenation of fats. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of post-rumen nutrients may be decreased if high-protein diet is excessively broken down in the rumen. The protection of both fat and protein may help address fat-related issues in the rumen and enhance protein absorption in the intestine. The goal of this study was to examine the fatty acid composition of rumen fluid made with a blend of fat, protein, and Agromix® mineral premix that had been formaldehyde-protected. Two treatments were compared using an independent sample T-test (R1/control = basal diet, and R2 = basal diet with 4.4% DM replacement of protected fat-protein). All treatments were subjected to a 48-hour incubation using Tilley and Terry’s in vitro technique. The results indicated that the levels of SFA in R2 treatment showed a significant decrease (p<0.05), while the concentrations of MUFA and PUFA in R2 exhibited a more significant increase (p<0.05) compared to those in R1. It can be concluded that protected fat substitution can reduce biohydrogenation of fat in the rumen, thereby helping elevate the levels of absorbable unsaturated fatty acid levels in the intestine.
The effect of different rearing systems of KUB chicken fed diets containing papaya seed meal (Carica papaya L.) and sprouted rice (Oryza sativa) on the physical and sensory meat quality
Authors: Rusli R K , Sandra A , Cloudy A , Yelita Y , Yuniza A
Published: May 2024

The study aimed to determine the effect of different rearing systems and giving of papaya seed meal and sprouted rice on the physical and sensory meat quality of KUB chicken. The study used a completely randomized design with a 2 x 2 factorial pattern with 5 replications (5 birds per replication). The first factor was the rearing system (without and free-range), and the second is functional feed (without or with 0.5% papaya seed meal and sprouted rice). Variables measured were physical meat (cooking loss and tenderness) and sensory (color, texture, aroma, and taste) quality. The results showed that the color, aroma, and taste of KUB chicken meat were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by the interaction of the rearing system and feeding papaya seed meat and sprouted rice (especially, A2B2 group). The cooking loss, tenderness, and texture of KUB chicken meat were not influenced (p>0.05) by the interaction of the rearing system and feeding papaya seed meal and sprouted rice. Cooking loss was significantly (p<0.05) influenced by feeding. In conclusion, the rearing system for KUB chickens under a free-range system and fed 0.5% papaya seed meal and sprouted rice did not harm the quality of physical characteristics and response to consumer acceptance.
The effect of different levels of liquid organic compost of Chromolaena odorata on production, nutrient composition, and In Vitro digestibility of hydroponic maize fodder
Authors: Benu I , Sulistijo E D , Oematan G , Rosnah U Sy , Hilakore M A , Laut M M , Sol’uf M M
Published: May 2024

The aims of the present study were to evaluate the addition of different levels of liquid organic compost of Chromolaena odorata (CO) in hydroponic media on production, nutrient composition, and in vitro digestibility of hydroponic maize fodder. Maize grains were obtained from the local market and grown hydroponically in the media. The study was design following a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were: CR 0 = without liquid organic compost; and with liquid organic compost of 25 ml (CR 1); 50 ml (CR 2); 75 ml (CR 3); 100 ml (CR 4). The liquid organic compost of Chromolaena odorata used was fermented for 21 days before application into the fodder. Maize fodder was grown hydroponically for 7 days before being harvested. Data obtained from this study were analyzed using ANOVA of SPSS 25. Addition of liquid organic compost of Chromolaena odorata had a significant effect on increasing (P<0.05) fodder height, leaf length, leaf width, fresh weight, and dry weight. Similarly increasing the level of liquid organic compost of Chromolaena odorata significantly improved In vitro dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, VFA, and NH3. However, there was no different between treatments (P>0.05) on root length. In conclusion, the addition of different levels of liquid organic compost of Chromolaena odorata increased maize production, nutrient composition and in vitro digestibility of hydroponic maize fodder.
Feed intake, fiber fraction digestibility and milk yield of lactating goats fed banana peel in the diet
Authors: Agustin F , Jamarun N , Pazla R , Desrayeni C
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study is to calculate feed intake, fiber fraction digestibility and milk yield of lactating goats fed banana peel in the diet. Randomized block design with four treatments were used in this study. Sixteen Etawa crossbreed goats fed diet contain 12% crude protein and 68% total digestible nutrients. The treatmen was the use of banana peels with different level in diet: T1 = 0% banana peels; T2 = 5% banana peels; T3 = 10% banana peels and T4 = 15% banana peels. The findings indicated that the use of banana peels in diet significantly increase (P<0.01) organic matter intake (1.609-1.690 kg day−1), and crude protein intake (0.246-0.251 kg day−1), but no significant impact (P>0.05) was discovered on cellulose digestibility (61.48 - 63.83%) and hemicellulose digestibility (66.01-66.44%). The milk yield did not differ significantly either (P>0.05) with the value of 1.36-1.50 kg day−1. It can be concluded that banana peels was palatable and using 15% banana peels can maintain milk yield and digestibility of fiber fraction in lactating goats.
Biomass production of three cultivars of Cenchrus purpureus grown on sandy vertisol soil at Naibonat, West Timor-Indonesia
Authors: Nulik J , Kana Hau D , Dami Dato T , Basuki T , Matitaputty P R
Published: May 2024

Three cultivars of Cenchrus purpureus (cvs. Cipelang, Biograss, and Mott) grown on Sandy Vertisol Soil at Naibonat, West Timor-Indonesia were evaluated for their biomass production (leaf, leaf sheath, and stem) and some agronomic characters (plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, and leaf width). Plants were planted in rows of 1 m x 1 m at 6 m length in a Block Randomized arrangement and replicated four times. Plants were established in October 2021 by watering using sprinklers during the dry season (just to keep the soil moist enough to still encourage growth) and under rainfall during the wet season (rainfall data presented). Harvests were conducted in 2022 (wet and dry season). No chemical fertilizer was applied, however, 3 kgs of manure were applied in each planting hole, and the soil surface of the plot was evenly covered by dry leaves of bamboo collected from nearby the plot. Data collected were then subjected to Analysis of Variance using the SPSS program and means were compared using the List Significant Difference (LSD) test. Biomass production was significantly different between cv Mott compared with Cipelang and Biograss, however, there was no significant difference recorded between Cipelang and Biograss at each harvest as well as for one-year total biomass production.
Effect of Consortium Probiotic Addition on the Health of Pre-Weaned Buffalo at BPTU Siborong-borong
Authors: Widiawati Y , Kusumaningrum DA , Praharani L , Kusumaningrum A , Widaringsih W , Gaol RL , Dormasia M , Sianturi D
Published: May 2024

Low immune systems and bacterial infections are the main cause of the high mortality of buffalo calves. The study aimed to investigate the effect of probiotics addition (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus acidophilus) on the performance of pre-weaned buffalo. The study used 20 pre-weaned buffalo (4-6 months old and an average body weight of 163.53 kg). They were grouped into the Treatment group fed fresh chopped elephant grass and concentrate plus the probiotics; and Control group without the probiotics. The probiotics were offered daily orally using a drenching gun. The parameters measured were body weight, feed consumption, and hematological parameters. The results showed that probiotics increase the average daily gain of calves (P<0.05). The two probiotics have no significant effect on dry matter, protein and energy intake, and feed digestibility. There was an increase in the white blood cell content on calves supplemented with the probiotics, indicating the improvement of the immune system. Conversely, decreasing the white blood cell content in calves who did not receive the probiotics showed a decline in the immune system of the calves. It is concluded that the probiotic improved animal health and body weight gain in pre-weaned buffalo.