bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activities of Bio-functionalized Ag and Au Metal Nanoparticles: (A Mini-Review)
Authors: Ahire Bajirao Bhila , Kasabe Sujata Milind
Published: May 2021

Nanotechnology play vital role in the science and technology form the fabrication or synthesis, design and analysis of nano material. Nanoparticles in the desired range of nanoscale in μm and nm which are important in various fields. Amongst all nanoparticles Silver and Gold Nanoparticles were synthesized by various methods like sol-gel, precipitation, mechano-chemical. Over the all-green synthesis is the newer and better environment friendly. The present review is based on only greener or biogenic way for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Biological material like different plant parts, tea, coffee, polyphenols present in plant materials biomolecules as proteins, enzymes. Bacteria, yeast, algae and viruses were used as reducing agents and capping agents to reduce the size to prepare the NPs by ecofriendly approach. The synthesized Nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, SEM, TEM, FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopic methods, and data obtained for further interpretation of results. A major aim to recognize the material for nano conversion and their antimicrobial activity. Many researchers used biological materials for sizing outs. In this regard to try to critically analyze the literature of Au and Ag metals and biological material searches. The scope of paper only silver and gold metal Nanoparticles and biomolecules from natural sources by investigators.
COVID-19: Challenges, Preventive Measures and Remediation
Authors: Mehtab Sameena , Joshi Pragati , Zaidi M. G. H. , Siddiqui T. I. , Mishra Vivek K.
Published: May 2021

This review highlights origin, symptoms, diagnosis, causative agents, mode of transmission and persistence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) through human activities. In the current scenario researchers, doctors and scientists are striving to combat the transmission of COVID-19 among society. Origin and growth of pandemic has raised the serious concern to address the causative agents, mode of transmission, persistence, preventive measures, diagnosis and possibilities of treatment. The broad-spectrum antiviral antiphrastic, complementary and alternative medicines are currently proposed for possible eradication of the pandemic. The current world is relying on, prevention and control of infection through sanitization and quarantine and onwards waiting for appropriate virucidal agents, sanitizers and strategic vaccination and immunization to combat the pandemic of SARS-CoV-2. Eradication of COVID-19 under stringent guidelines of WHO regarding social practices, intensive care, administration of complementary medicines and innovation of vaccines are under active considerations across the world to combat the pandemic.
Synthesis of Salicylate and Salicylamide Alcohols for the Preparation of Phosphorodiamidates and Ifosfamide Prodrugs.
Authors: Pal Ashutosh
Published: May 2021

Pro drugs are derivatives of drug substance which gives parent drug or release drug when it breaks inside the body by the presence of suitable enzyme,and then exert desired pharmacological effect. For many years, prodrug strategy has been developed enormously to solve many unwanted drug properties. In drug discovery and development, prodrugsare well-known pharmacokinetic effects of pharmacologically nimbleproducts. Almost10% of drugs permitted whole worldare classified as prodrugs, where the application of a prodrug method duringinitial stages of drug development is an emergent fashion. Phosphorodiamidates prodrugs are well known anticancer agents particularly against leucomia. To improve the selectivity of the chemotherapeutic agents and reduce systemic toxicity, I herein report different types of salicylate and salicylamide alcohols for the preparation of phosphorodiamidates and ifosfamide prodrugs.
Using of Sukary and Khlass Date Pits as a Bio-adsorbents for Adsorption of Lead and Copper Ions from Waste Water
Authors: Alhamzan Abdulrahman G.
Published: May 2021

In this study date pits of two types of date-palm trees (Phoenix Dactylifera L.), in Saudi Arabia were used as bio-sorbents for heavy metals (e.g. lead and copper) from aqueous solutions. Investigation of equilibrium time and the effect of different concentrations of metals were performed. Adsorption capacity of bio-sorbents increased when increasing concentration of metal ions. Maximum adsorption capacity at room temperature of Sukary date pits was 17.53 mg g-1 and 9.86 mg g-1 for lead and copper ions, respectively. Whereas, Khlass date pits showed maximum adsorption capacity at 14.1 mg g-1 and 7.91 mg g-1 for lead and copper ions, respectively at room temperature. Equilibrium isotherm models, (Langmuir and Freundlich models), were used for analysis of equilibrium experimental results. these models describe the experimental data well.
Comparative Dielectric Study of Binary Mixtures of Coriandar oil and Radish oil
Authors: Khan Mohammad Shafi , Chandel Vishal Singh , Singh Satyendra Pratap
Published: May 2021

The present paper deals with the dielectric study (dielectric constant, dielectric loss) of two medicinal oils, coriandar and radish oil and their binary mixtures at different temperatures and frequencies. HP 4194A impedance gain/phase analyzer and temperature controller (Julabo, model number F-25, microprocessor controlled) were used for determination of dielectric parameters and maintaining the temperature of pure oils their binary mixtures.
A Hashin Criteria Investigation to Predict the Interaction Effect of Defaults on the Damage of Composite Pipe
Authors: Bencherif N. , Benhaliliba M.
Published: May 2021

Composite pipelines carboxyl presence the damage by two defects, under the bending moment M = 1rd ,and various internal pressure (P = 40bar, P = 60bar, P = 80bar) is studied in this work. Using the HASHIN criterion, a numerical prediction through the calculation code ABAQUS took the objective of evaluating the damage by interaction effect between two defects. The results presented by evaluative curves of correlation between the moment to the damage and the parameters of orientation and location of the defects. The interaction effect of defects on damage was conditioned by their locations along the pipeline surface. The results obtained show a strong influence of the defects on the level and the mode of failure as well as their response until the damage.
Spectroscopic, Voltammetric, DFT and Molecular Docking Studies of Copper (II) Complex of Carbothiohydrazide Derivative
Authors: Shah Reem K. , Elghalban Marwa G. , El-Defrawy Ahmed M.
Published: May 2021

In this work, the nature of complexation between copper and N′,2-bis((E)-2-hydroxybenzylidene) hydrazine-1-carbothiohydrazide (a promising metal sensing Schiff base with a marked biological activity) (H4L) has been investigated and experimentally characterized. The investigation includes spectroscopic tools as infrared spectra (FT-IR), XRD, thermal analysis (TG) spectra, ultraviolet spectra (UV) in addition to cyclic voltammetric study. Quantum chemical calculations using density functional theory (DFT) used to predict the structural properties of the complex under investigation and to aid in the explanation of the electronic spectra of the complex. In addition to that, the Molecular docking for the complex under investigation with the 2ylh target protein have been conducted in order to check the biological activity of the complex.
Dowex 50W: A Green Mild Reusable Catalyst for the Synthesis of 2-Aryl Benzoxazole Derivatives in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Datta Arup
Published: May 2021

In this work simple efficient, one pot and environmentally friendly method was developed for the synthesis of 2-Aryl-1H-benzoxazole derivatives at 80º C using ortho-aminophenol and various aldehydes. It has been found that Dowex50W is an effective catalyst to prepare moderate to high yield of a variety of benzoxazole derivatives through a clean and simple process. Aqueous medium, green methodology, rapid reaction, reusability of heterogeneous catalyst are the great advantages of this protocol.
Development and Validation of Estimation of Genotoxic Impurity (Triethyl orthoformate content) in 5-methyl-4-isoxazole carboxylic acid (5-MIA) by using GC Technique
Authors: bhatale Mohan , kaliyaperumal Neelakandan , Mannathusamy Gopalakrishnan , ramalingam Gurunathan
Published: May 2021

A simple, selective, precise and accurate Gas chromatographic method for determination of Triethyl orthoformate content (Genotoxic impurity) in 5-MIA is reported. The GC method development and validation as per the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines Q2(R1). The effective chromatographic separations were achieved on DB-624, 60 m × 0.53 mm ID, with film thickness of 3.0 μm (Fused silica capillary column), Capillary injector temperature of 150°C, and Nitrogen Carrier gas. This method is unique as there is no UV response; hence GC Method was developed for Triethyl orthoformate. The elution was accomplished with the flow rate of 5.0 mL/min and Split Flow of 10 mL/minute. Detection was performed with FID detector (temp. 260°C) and with column oven temperature program. Methods range from limit of quantitation (LOQ) to 150% level with respect to specification concentration limit of impurity is linear and correlation coefficient of impurity is > 0.99. The linearity of Triethyl orthoformate covered from LOQ to 113 ppm (ie. LOQ to 150% of specification limit) and LOQ to 19 ppm wrt standard concentration. The limit of detection (LOD)values were observed were 2.5 ppm and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 7.7 ppm, respectively. The parameters selected for the method validated were from international conference on harmonization guidelines, Indian pharmacopeia, USP. The percentage recovery from LOQ, 50% ,100% to 150% level of content were 87.70%, 98.60%, 102.25 and 96.59% respectively. The %RSD values were for LOQ to 150% were from 1.64%, 0.89%, 1.78 % and 1.49%. The range was covered from LOQ to 150% of standard concentration. The results of validation parameters were found in the acceptance range. Standard and sample were stable up to 30 h at when stored at room temperature. Also it was quite robust for the small change in method parameter like, change in column oven temperature(± 5 degree). Hence from the above parameter it was concluded that the GC method with FID detector is selective, precise, linear, and robust for simultaneous estimation of Triethyl orthoformate in Drug Substances.
Physico-chemical Characterization of Edible Packaging Film Supplemented with Ocimum (Tulsi) Essential oil
Authors: Kaur Simranpreet , Putatunda Chayanika
Published: May 2021

The concern about the possible adverse health effects of plastic based food packaging as well as the environmental pollution caused by plastics has lead to efforts in looking for alternative, eco-friendly and biocompatible food packaging materials. In the present investigation, a composite edible film was prepared from whey, pectin and gelatin, which was supplemented withOcimum essential oil. These films were characterized for thickness, transparency towards visible and UV light, and total moisture content. Antimicrobial activity of these films were examined against Escherichia coli MTCC 118, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 741, Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96, Bacillus cereus MTCC 1272and Pseudomonas fluorescens MTCC 103. The film activity was found to bemaximumagainst B. cereus with 8 mm zone of inhibition on addition of 6% of Ocimum essential oil. The films were also active against all other pathogens except P. aeruginosa.
Estimating the Rate of Azithromycin Degradation Due to Increasing Temperature for Three Drug types by Spectrophotometer (UV) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)
Authors: Alnuwaiser Maha Abdallah
Published: May 2021

Azithromycin is a board antibiotic that affects various gram-positive and negative bacteria, so azithromycin is used for the treatment different of bacterial infections, as well as used azithromycin as a prophylactics antibiotic after different surgery. Azithromycin is used for children and adults, so it is available in pharmacies in different dosage forms like capsules, tablets, powder for reconstituting for oral administration. The aims of the present research is to assess the azithromycin stability from different available dosage forms (bioequivalence study) against temperature in hot climate country (Saudi Arabi). Three samples in the form of three drugs in which Azithromycin acts as an active ingredient were prepared and exposed to heat. These drugs are Azithromycin® 250 mg, Az-1® 250 mg,andZirox® 250 mg. Three spectral techniques were used to study the change in concentration and chemical composition when the temperature is raised from 27Co to 60Co the spectrometers used are ultraviolet spectrometer and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The temperature of the three drugs was raised from 27Co to 60Co inside the water path. The ultraviolet spectrometer shows considerable degradation in Azithromycin concentration by raised the temperature from 27Co to 60Co, but the other two drugs are not affected appreciably by heating.The results obtained using the retention time technique of gas chromatography, show a change of the retention time to be (20.308- 20.396 -20.350) for Azithromycin®, Az-1®, and Zirox®scanned, respectively. This change may result from the difference in the matrix chemical composition of each drug. The mass spectrometry results show that rising temperature to 60Co district the chemical bond of the active ingredient to be decomposed to five compounds having M/Z (43-72-99-158-198), respectively.
Sustainable Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles and its Antidiabetic Activity of Anacardium Occidentale
Authors: Rose A. Leema , Priya F. Janeeta , Vidhya S.
Published: May 2021

Nanoparticles are being considered as elemental building blocks of nanotechnology. The green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using the aqueous root extract of Anacardium occidentale by bio-reduction of Auric chloride solution was investigated in the current study. The synthesized gold nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope. In UV, the absorbance peak was observed at 531nm, FTIR spectrum shows the wavelength range from 464.27 cm-1 to 3364.51cm-1 and SEM image showed that gold nanoparticles are in spherical shape. Then, the biosynthesized gold nanoparticles examined for the antidiabetic and antioxidant activities and the result outcome with better percentage of potential.
Adsorptive Removal of Chromium (VI) Using Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Via Green Approach with the Extract of Moringastenopetala
Authors: Tagesse Wendimagegn
Published: May 2021

In the current study, the potential sorption of Cr (VI) ions through a zero-valent silver nanoparticle synthesized by a green approach has been studied. The objective of this research was to remove Cr (VI) from aqueous solution using zero-valent silver nanoparticles synthesized from Moringa stenopetala leaves extract. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffractometer and UV-visible spectrophotometer. The grain size of nanoparticles was found to be 19.5 nm confirming the crystalline structure of the mesosphere and showed the maximum absorption at 419 nm. In order to determine parameters that influence the adsorption mechanism, batch adsorption experiments have been conducted. Results obtained for removal of Cr (VI) ions showed that efficiency of removal improved as adsorbent dosage increased until the equilibrium point reached at 50 minutes. However, as the pH of the solution increased from 1 to 8, and as the Preliminary concentration of Cr increased, removal efficiency decreased. Adsorption isotherms were investigated by applying the models of Langmuir and Freundlich. The Freundlich isotherm can better explain the removal of Cr (VI) ions, offering correlation coefficient values greater than the Langmuir isotherm model. Adsorption kinetics regression results studied by the pseudo-first and second-order models moreover proved that a pseudo-first-order was further accurately represented by the adsorption kinetics. In order to alleviate wastewater problems, the implementation of this approach is able to cost-effective, eco-friendly and publicly viable. To improve its removal effectiveness and compare it with other adsorbents, additional study on surface modification of this adsorbent is required.
Electrical Conductivity and Ion Exchange Properties of Polyaniline Antimony Tin Tung state Nano composite
Authors: B Preethab
Published: May 2021

The nano composite, polyaniline antimony tin tungstate in the H+ form was synthesized by a simple general method. EDS and ICP- AES methods were used to find the chemical constitution of the material. Further characterizations were done by TGA, XRD analysis, FTIR Spectroscopic analysis, UV-Visible DRS studies to find the optical properties, SEM for finding surface morphology, etc. Size determination using XRD peaks and TEM images confirmed its nano size. Investigation on ion exchange capacity and distribution coefficients for many metal ions revealed the ion exchange character. The composite exhibited differential selectivity forheavy metal ions such as PbII, ThIV, HgIV, etc. which are important in environmental applications like separation and treatment of polluted water from these metal ions. The electrical properties studied by Four–probe method revealed a high conductivity of 0.42 S/cm at room temperature and it decreases with an increase in temperature. These results suggest various applications of this nano compositein optoelectronics.
Investigation of Metal(II)-Curcumin-Glycine Complexes : Preparation, Structural Characterization and Biological Activities
Authors: Joice M. Vimala , Metilda P. Metilda
Published: May 2021

A novel Schiff base obtained from curcumin and glycine was prepared and it was reacted with Co, Ni, Cu and Zn metals in order to form the stable metal complexes and characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic, molar conductance, IR, UV-Vis.,1H NMR and PXRD. The data shows that the complexes have the structure [M(II)-(cur-gly)H2O] system Electronic and magnetic data suggest a tetrahedral geometry for Co, Ni and Zn except Cu complex has a square planar geometry. The antimicrobial activity of cur-gly and its metal chelates were confirmed against the bacterial species as E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Enterococcus, B. cereus and S. aureus species. Antifungal activity was screened against C. albicans, C. parapsilosis and A. flavus. Metal chelates indicate excellent antimicrobial activity than their parent cur-gly and DNA photo cleavage activity shows that metal chelate effectively cleave the pUC 18 DNA.
Synthesis, characterization of Novel β-diketone Ni, Fe, Cr Complexes and study of its Antifungal, Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity.
Authors: Bibave Sachin Govind , Takate S. J. , Athare A.E.
Published: May 2021

Theβ-dike toneis synthesizedvia the named Baker-Venkataraman. In currenttask, β-dike tone ligand mixed with different metal nitrates and form different metal complexes such as Ni(II), Fe(III), Cr(III). Ligand gives tautomerism, this tautomerism process was examined with the help ofFTIR.Because of enol assist as ligand in the metal complexes preparation. The preparedmetal complexearede scribed by various techniques like elemental analysis, FTIR, DTA, TGA, magnetic properties and molar conductivities. Different properties of complexes are studied such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti fungal properties.
Detection of Trace Elements in Selective Dairy Products to Assess Human Health Risk of Bangladeshi people
Authors: Hasan G. M. M. Anwarul , Khanam Sanjida
Published: May 2021

Heavy metal mediated toxicity is associated with several health risks. In this research, heavy metal contents in selected dairy products such as Cheese, Ghee (Local processed dairy product) and Butter were determined and studied their effects on human health. From the results, it was determined that, Cu had the highest concentration and daily intake rate in Cheese, Ghee and Butter samples; while Pb had the lowest concentration and daily intake rate in Cheese and Butter samples. The estimated daily intake (EDI) values of all these metals were less than the permissible value. Also the results of THQ (Target hazard quotient), TTHQ (Total target hazard quotient) and TCR (Target Carcinogenic risk)suggested that, all of these values of these dairy product samples were less than the risk value. Our current study indicated that there is no chance of any kind of health risk through the consumption of these dairy products.
Quantification of Lupeol as Secondary Metabolite by HPTLC Technique and Assessment of Antimicrobial Potential of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Betula alnoides Bark
Authors: Khan Shahbaz , Singh Harpreet , Mishra Arun K , Khan Najam Ali
Published: May 2021

The present work includes extraction of Betula alnoides bark using ethyl acetate as a solvent, preliminary phytochemical test, quantification of phytochemicals and quantification of lupeol in Betula alnoides by High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) instrument along with the assessment of the antimicrobial potential of Ethyl Acetate Extract (EAE). The marc obtained after defatting of the coarsely powdered crude drug in Petroleum ether (60-80) was extracted using ethyl acetate. Afterward, preliminary phytochemical tests were done. For High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), the solvent used was n-hexane: ethyl acetate (8:2 v/v) and scanning was performed at wavelength 254 nm. EAE was screened for antimicrobial potential. The extraction yield was 3.45% w/w. The result of the phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of some important phytochemicals in EAE. A clear and resolved peak of lupeol was observed at Rf 0.61. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The concentration (%) of the marker compound (lupeol) was found to be 0.0168. Disk diffusion method using Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis as bacterial strains and Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus and Epidermophyton floccosum as fungal strains against ciprofloxacin (for antibacterial activity) and fluconazole (for antifungal activity) as standard drugs was employed. The finding suggested that EAE possess significant antibacterial and antifungal activity when comparison was made with standard drugs. The proposed elucidated mechanism behind this action may be due to the presence of triterpenoids in EAE.
Influence of Temperature on the Rheological Behavior of Orange Honey
Authors: Stanciu Ioana
Published: May 2021

The study was performed to determine the effect of the logarithm of the viscosity on the inverse of the absolute temperature for orange honey. Based on the studied rheograms, it turned out to be a non-Newtonian fluid. The shear range used did not significantly affect the absolute viscosities of orange honey at different temperatures. The absolute viscosities of orange honey have decreased with increasing temperature and can be equipped with an Arrhenius type relationship. The rheological behavior is influenced by both humidity and its composition.
High Energy Density Polyaniline/Exfoliated Graphite Based Supercapacitor with Improved Stability in Wide Voltage Window
Authors: Adnan Sayed Mohammed , Zaidi Sadaf , I Inamuddin
Published: May 2021

In this work, polyaniline/exfoliated graphite-based conducting polymer composites have been prepared and brought under speculation to improve the stability at a high voltage window, ultimately improving the material's supercapacitance behavior. The specific capacitance of 356 F/g at a scan rate of 10 mV/s in the potential window -1V to +1V and cycling retention 82 % after 1000 cycles using aqueous electrolyte (0.1 M Na2SO4) at ambient condition is reported. The energy density and power density are found to be 318 Wh/kg and 12.5 kW/kg, respectively, at a specific current density of 12.5 A/g. The developedcomposite is stable, even at high voltage. This composite obtained is low cost and is stable in aqueous solutions in a wide voltage window.
Antioxidant, a-Amylase Inhibitory Activities and Photoprotective Properties of Peels of Nephelium Lappaceum Linn. (Malwana Special)
Authors: Binuwangi Amugoda Kankanamge Dona Malsha , Perera Madinage Pawani Jayathri , Silva Asurumunige Anushka Gayathrie , Attanayake Renuka Nilmini , Rajapakse Chandima Shashikala Kumari
Published: May 2021

This study focused on evaluation of antioxidant, α-amylase inhibitory activities and photo protective properties of peels of Nephelium lappaceum Linn. (rambutan); Malwana special. Methanolic extract of peels was sequentially partitioned in hexane, dichloromethane (DCM) and aqueous methanol. The methanol extract showed a significantly (p < 0.05) higher DPPH radical scavenging activity than that of butylated hydroxytoluene. Among the fractions, the highest total phenolic content (TPC) was found in the aqueous methanol fraction. DCM and aqueous methanol fractions were rich in flavonoids. In vitro α-amylase inhibitory activity of the aqueous methanol fraction was also significantly higher than the standard drug, acarbose. Partially purified aqueous methanol fraction of rambutan peels exhibited UV-B absorption with a moderate solar protection factor. The results revealed that the peels of Nephelium lappaceum Linn., Malwana specialcan be considered as a promising source for the development of natural antioxidant, cosmeceutical sunscreen and antidiabetic agents.
Novel Substituted Indazoles towards Potential Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Saketi Jaganmohana Rao , Boddapati S N Murthy , M Raghuram , Koduru Geetha Bhavani , Bollikolla Haribabu
Published: May 2021

The in vitroantimicrobial properties of a series of N-methyl-3-aryl indazoles (5a-5j) were screened. In this present work, we describe our efforts towards the development of potent antimicrobial activity of synthesized indazole derivatives. The antimicrobial activities of the prepared compounds were investigated against four bacterial strains: Xanthomonas campestris, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, and a fungal strain Candida albicans. The biological evaluation studies of these indazole derivatives revealed that some of these tested compounds have shown moderate to goodin vitroantimicrobial activities.
Effects of focused continuous pulsed electromagnetic field therapy on early tendon-to-bone healing
Authors: Dolkart Oleg , Kazum Efi , Rosenthal Yoav , Sher Osnat , Morag Guy , Yakobson Elad , Chechik Ofir , Maman Eran
Published: May 2021

Aims

Rotator cuff (RC) tears are common musculoskeletal injuries which often require surgical intervention. Noninvasive pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) devices have been approved for treatment of long-bone fracture nonunions and as an adjunct to lumbar and cervical spine fusion surgery. This study aimed to assess the effect of continuous PEMF on postoperative RC healing in a rat RC repair model.

Methods

A total of 30 Wistar rats underwent acute bilateral supraspinatus tear and repair. A miniaturized electromagnetic device (MED) was implanted at the right shoulder and generated focused PEMF therapy. The animals’ left shoulders served as controls. Biomechanical, histological, and bone properties were assessed at three and six weeks.

Results

Extension of the tendon from preload to the maximum load to failure was significantly better in the PEMF-treated shoulders at three weeks compared to controls (p = 0.038). The percentage strain was significantly higher in the PEMF group at both timepoints (p = 0.037). Collagen organization was significantly better (p = 0.034) as was tissue mineral density in the PEMF-treated group at three weeks (p = 0.028). Tendon immunohistochemistry revealed a prominent increase in type I collagen at the repair site at three weeks following continuous PEMF treatment compared with controls. None of the other tested parameters differed between the groups.

Conclusion

MED-generated PEMF may enhance early postoperative tendon-to-bone healing in an acute rat supraspinatus detachment and repair model. Superior biomechanical elasticity parameters together with better collagen organization suggest improved RC healing. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(5):298–306.
May 2021 Imaging Case of the Month: A Growing Indeterminate Solitary Nodule
Authors:   Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ USA, Kim Joseph , Sakata, Kenneth , Azadeh Natalya , Smith Maxwell , Gotway Michael
Published: May 2021

No abstract available. Article truncated after 150 words. A 58-year-old woman with a history of orthotopic heart transplant, performed for Adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy, treated with mycophenolate and tacrolimus, presented for routine interval follow up. The patient’s past medical history was significant for follicular thyroid carcinoma treated with total thyroidectomy and bilateral breast carcinoma in remission as well as hypothyroidism and type II diabetes mellitus. In addition to tacrolimus and mycophenolate, the patient’s medications included aspirin, insulin, itraconazole (for anti-fungal prophylaxis), levothyroxine, prednisone (tapering since transplant), and valganciclovir. The patient recently complained of rhinorrhea and cough productive of brown-tinged sputum, improving over the previous 2 weeks; she denied fever, chills, shortness of breath, night sweats chest pain, or gastrointestinal symptoms. Physical examination showed the patient to be afebrile with normal heart and respiratory rates and blood pressure. Her room air oxygen saturation was 99%. The patient’s complete blood count and serum chemistries showed largely normal values, with the white blood …
Toward a quantitative method for estimating tumour-stroma ratio in breast cancer using polarized light microscopy
Authors: Sprenger Jillian , Murray Ciara , Lad Jigar , Jones Blake , Thomas Georgia , Nofech-Mozes Sharon , Khorasani Mohammadali , Vitkin Alex
Published: May 2021

The tumour-stroma ratio (TSR) has been explored as a useful source of prognostic information in various cancers, including colorectal, breast, and gastric. Despite research showing potential prognostic utility, its uptake into the clinic has been limited, in part due to challenges associated with subjectivity, reproducibility, and quantification. We have recently proposed a simple, robust, and quantifiable high-contrast method of imaging intra- and peri-tumoural stroma based on polarized light microscopy. Here we report on its use to quantify TSR in human breast cancer using unstained slides from 40 patient samples of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Polarimetric results based on a stromal abundance metric correlated well with pathology designations, showing a statistically significant difference between high- and low-stroma samples as scored by two clinical pathologists. The described polarized light imaging methodology shows promise for use as a quantitative, automatic, and standardizable tool for quantifying TSR, potentially addressing some of the challenges associated with its current estimation.
Modulated flipping torque, spin-induced radiation pressure, and chiral sorting exerted by guided light
Authors: Abujetas Diego R. , Marqués Manuel I. , Sánchez-Gil José A.
Published: May 2021

In recent years, optical forces and torques have been investigated in sub-wavelength evanescent fields yielding a rich phenomenology of fundamental and applied interest. Here we demonstrate analytically that guided modes carrying transverse spin density induce optical torques depending on the character, either electric or magnetic, of the dipolar particles. The existence of a nonzero longitudinal extraordinary linear spin momentum suitable to manipulate optical forces and torques modifies optical forces either enhancing or inhibiting radiation pressure. Hybrid modes supported by cylindrical waveguides also exhibit intrinsic helicity that leads to a rich distribution of longitudinal optical torques. Finally, we show that chiral dipolar particles also undergo lateral forces induced by transverse spin density, amenable to chiral particle sorting. These properties are revealed in configurations on achiral and chiral dipolar particles within confined geometries throughout the electromagnetic spectra.
Compressive sensing based on optical mixing using a spectral shaper with bipolar coding
Authors: Chi Hao , Zhou Hongbo , Yang Shuna , Ou Jun , Zhai Yanrong , Yang Bo
Published: May 2021

Photonic compressive sensing (CS) has attracted great research interest for its potentials in the acquisition of wideband sparse signals with relatively low sampling rate. The photonic CS scheme based on optical mixing using a spectral shaper can realize the mixing of a sparse signal with a high-speed pseudo-random bit sequence (PRBS), but avoids the use of high-speed electronics. In this approach, by utilizing the frequency-to-time mapping (FTTM) of chirped pulses, the spectral information on the spatial light modulator (SLM) within a spectral shaper can be projected into the time-domain waveform. However, the generated PRBS in the time domain is a unipolar sequence that alternates between 0 and 1, which leads to a nonzero-mean measurement matrix. This would result in a poorer performance of signal reconstruction compared to that with a zero-mean measurement matrix. Moreover, the length of PRBS that can be recorded in the SLM is also limited by the far-field condition. In this paper, we propose an optical mixer for photonic CS, which utilizes an SLM-based spectral shaper with complementary outputs as well as a balanced photodetector in order to generate bipolar PRBS. The performance of signal reconstruction can be significantly improved owing to the zero-mean measurement matrix induced by bipolar PRBS. In addition, the constraint on the length of PRBS can be greatly alleviated, since the obtained PRBS can still be kept zero-mean even if the PRBS is longer than that the far-field condition demands. Experimental and simulation results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and advantage of the given approach.
Nanobowls-assisted broadband absorber for unbiased Si-based infrared photodetection
Authors: Zhou Luwei , Zhang Cheng , Li Liujing , Liu Tingting , Li Ke , Wu Shaolong , Li Xiaofeng
Published: May 2021

Hot electrons from the nonradiative decay of surface plasmons have drawn extensive attention due to the outstanding performance in realizing below-bandgap photodetection. However, the widely employed metallic nanostructures are normally complex and delicate with a great challenge in large-area fabrication, and there is a great limitation to achieve substantial photoresponse at relatively long wavelengths (e.g., 2000nm) with polarization- and incident-angle independence. In this study, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate a broadband, omnidirectional, and polarization-insensitive absorber based on wafer-scale silicon honeycomb nanobowls with 20-nm-thick gold overlayer. The average absorption across the long wave near infrared band (LW-NIR, i.e., 1100−2500 nm) is higher than 82%, which is contributed from the random nature and multimode localized plasmonic resonances excited on the side walls of nanobowls. Benefitted from the well-connected thin Au film and relatively low Schottky barrier, the generated hot electrons have a high transport probability to reach Schottky interface and participate in the interfacial charge transfer process. As a result, the hot-electron photodetector under no bias realizes a broadband photodetection up to 2000nm wavelength with a responsivity of 0.145 mA/W, and its cutoff wavelength is predicted up to 3300 nm by fitting the experimental result with Fowler theory. Our proposed Au/Si nanobowls photodetector could open a pathway to further extend the detection wavelength of Si-based photodetectors with a large-area and low-cost fabrication process, which promotes practical hot-electron applications.
Challenges for the Measurement of Innovation Ecosystems and Entrepreneurial Ecosystems in Brazil
Authors: Rovere Renata Lèbre La , Santos Guilherme de Oliveira , Vasconcellos Bianca Louzada Xavier
Published: May 2021

Purpose: This paper aims to identify metrics and indicators of innovation ecosystems and entrepreneurial ecosystems and to discuss the limitations of these metrics in the Brazilian case. Theoretical framework: From a theoretical point of view, the paper contributes to the analysis of the differences and similarities between the concepts of innovation ecosystems and entrepreneurial ecosystems. From a methodological perspective, the paper proposes indicators and metrics and points out the limitations for measuring entrepreneurial and innovative ecosystems in Brazil. Design/methodology/approach: The study’s qualitative approach is based on a literature review, a documentary research, and data collection for the characterization of innovation ecosystems and entrepreneurial ecosystems. The paper identifies the main indicators and metrics, their data sources and the limitations of these indicators and metrics in the Brazilian case. Findings: It was observed that despite the existence of multiple data sources, the measurement of entrepreneurial ecosystems in Brazil entails constraints such as time lag of the data; voluntary filling of databases; lack of transparency at the regional level; and incomplete or skewed data. Research, Practical & Social implications: From a theoretical point of view, the paper contributes to the analysis of the differences and similarities between the concepts of innovation ecosystems and entrepreneurial ecosystems. From a methodological point of view, the study proposes indicators and metrics and points out the limitations for the measurement of entrepreneurial and innovative ecosystems in Brazil. Originality/value: When identifying limitations, the paper proposes alternatives to improve the measurement of innovation ecosystems and entrepreneurial ecosystems in the country and in its different regions. This is essential for designing and monitoring public policies to support innovation, especially those aimed to support entrepreneurs and small businesses.
Continuing Medical Education Questions: May 2021
Authors: Lui Felix H. T.
Published: May 2021

Article Title: ACG Clinical Guideline: Upper Gastrointestinal and Ulcer Bleeding
Continuing Medical Education Questions: May 2021
Authors: Cohen Stanley M.
Published: May 2021

Article Title: ACG Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis and Management of Idiosyncratic Drug-Induced Liver Injury
Increased Risk of Major Depressive Disorder After Cholecystectomy: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Korea
Authors: Jin Eun Hyo , Han Kyungdo , Lee Dong Ho , Shin Cheol Min , Lim Joo Hyun , Yoon Hyuk , Kim Nayoung
Published: May 2021

INTRODUCTION:

This study investigated the risk of depression in Korean adults who underwent cholecystectomy and appeared for subsequent long-term follow-ups. A national population-based data set was used for analysis.

METHODS:

All patients (n = 111,934) aged 40 years and older who underwent cholecystectomy between 2010 and 2015 and a control population (n = 223,868), matched for age and sex, were identified from the database of the Korean National Health Insurance Corporation. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of depression were estimated after cholecystectomy, and a Cox regression analysis was performed.

RESULTS:

The incidence of depression in the cholecystectomy group was 27.3 per 1,000 person-years and that in the control group was 20.3 per 1,000 person-years. Patients who underwent cholecystectomy showed an increased risk of major depressive disorder (MDD) with an adjusted HR (aHR) of 1.34 (95% CI: 1.31–1.37, P < 0.001). The mean follow-up period after a 1-year lag was 3.67 ± 1.79 years. In the subgroup analysis, the risk of developing MDD after cholecystectomy was relatively high in patients aged 40–49 years (aHR 1.51, 95% CI: 1.44–1.58) and in participants without diabetes mellitus (aHR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.33–1.39), hypertension (aHR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.34–1.42), or dyslipidemia (aHR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.32–1.38).

DISCUSSION:

Compared with the control population, patients who underwent cholecystectomy exhibited an increased incidence of MDD. Thus, physicians should implement an enhanced program of MDD screening for at least several years after cholecystectomy.
‘Globalizing the Local, Localizing the Global’: Writing Space in the Arab Gulf Region
Authors: Ait Oukhzame El Mehdi , Stasiowski Maciej
Published: May 2021

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Qatar are taking the lead in the urbanization boom that is drastically transforming the spatial fabric of the Arab Gulf region. Embedded in the ambitious urban development projects launched by the UAE and Qatar is an endeavour to ‘bring the world to the Arab Gulf region’. To this end, these two states are engaged in a process of collecting and borrowing antique objects and canonized artefacts, as well as reproducing and duplicating some internationally celebrated architectural sites and spaces. While some consider these projects to be ‘part of strategies to prepare for the post-oil era’, others hold that ‘Arab Gulf States aim to strengthen or … creatively (re)construct identitarian patterns’.1 It can be argued that Arab Gulf cities should be looked at as ‘political actors’ due to ‘the functions they fulfill as spatial command posts for globalized capitalism’.2 The production and organization of social space, in this sense, cannot be seen as a ‘dead’ or passive category with no influence over various dimensions of lived experience, including thought, politics and economy. Juxtaposing the UAE’s and Qatar’s urbanization projects with the nineteenth-century phenomenon of world exhibitions and fairs, this article takes the Louvre Abu Dhabi and Villaggio Mall as case studies to investigate the modalities of knowledge generated through processes of cultural and spatial (re)production and the impact of the latter on the construction of personhood and lived experience in the Arab Gulf region.
Daily life and school engagement: An empirical study privileging the first-person perspectives of unaccompanied asylum-seeking adolescents in a Danish context
Authors: Klarsgaard Nadia Norling Tshili , Drevsholt Kasper Moes
Published: May 2021

Drawing on the tradition of the Danish–German school of critical psychology, this empirical study discusses seven unaccompanied asylum-seeking adolescents’ experiences of the process of applying for asylum in Denmark. By privileging the first-person perspectives of the adolescents, the authors explore the conduct of their everyday lives at the asylum centre and at school. The project’s findings emphasise the societal, political, social and spatial conditions that contribute to the lack of meaningfulness the adolescents experienced regarding their engagement in schooling. In conclusion, the authors reflect on the potential in privileging the first-person perspective in social pedagogical work.
The Translation of Japanese Manga Meitantei Conan to Indonesian: The Similarities and Differences between The Original Japanese Version and the Indonesian Translated Version
Authors: Idrus Idrus
Published: May 2021

Japanese comics or manga have caught the world’s attention in recent years. It conveys stories through words and images in a specific order resulting in beautiful works. Now, manga is translated into various languages in the world, including Indonesian. The following study entailed a comparative analysis of the manga Meitantei Conan into Indonesia, primarily concentrating on: the format, for example, the arrangement of pages, lettering, and typography, what was translated what was not. In translating Japanese manga into Indonesian, it was found that there were similarities (retained elements) and differences (adjusted elements). We can found similarities between the original Japanese version and the Indonesian translated version of manga in the writing composition on the chapter title and onomatopoeia. Besides, there are also similarities in cultural terms because the translator maintains terms in Japanese as a translation strategy. The main difference between Original Japanese comics and the Indonesian translated version is the binding system of using, the type of font, and the use of Indonesian cultural elements so that the dialogue of the story characters is more communicative and easy to understand.
La investigación proyectual como estrategia didáctica en el proyecto del Taller de Diseño Arquitectónico
Authors: Martínez-Vitor César Fortunato
Published: May 2021

En la búsqueda de mejores estrategias didácticas en la enseñanza- aprendizaje del estudiante de arquitectura, la aplicación de la investigación proyectual como estrategia didáctica influyó positivamente en el proyecto del Taller de Diseño Arquitectónico del 10 semestre 2017-1 de la Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, logrado a través de la investigación explicativa, cuasi experimental. Se emplearon métodos del planeamiento experimental, y para la evaluación del aprendizaje por competencias, se utilizó la rúbrica analítica. El análisis correspondiente se hizo mediante la estadística inferencial de las medianas de dos poblaciones apareadas del antes y el después, mediante la prueba de hipótesis no paramétrica de Wilcoxon. Los resultados indican que los conocimientos previos sobre investigación proyectual no fueron consistentes en la unidad 1 (etapa de entrada y adecuación), mientras que en la etapa de seguimiento y término sí existen diferencias significativas positivas en la evaluación de las unidades 1 y 3, y 2 y 3. Lo anterior demuestra que la aplicación de la investigación proyectual se ha fijado en los procedimientos del Taller de Diseño Arquitectónico, y cabe concluir que, ejercitada adecuadamente, la aplicación de la investigación proyectual como estrategia didáctica es parte relevante de la enseñanza-aprendizaje del estudiante de arquitectura.
The smash of Parthenium hysterophorus L. in the grasslands of Oman
Authors: Shammas Mahaad Issa
Published: May 2021

This study examines the invasiveness of Parthenium hysterophorus L. considered as harmful, unpleasant noxious invasive weed in Sultanate of Oman. Since the subject of investigation has allelopathic effects, the author’s objective is to identify its abundance, its impact to environment, human and animal health. Allelopathy of this invasive weed has started to be known and considered by the farmers and harvesters. The harmful and socio-economic effects of the weed to humans, animals and to landscape are not fully known nor understood by the local farmers and pastoralists in the southern part of Oman where this weed is most invasive. Data were collected through field observation, informal interviews, focus group discussions and survey questionnaire. They were treated and analysed using descriptive statistics. Findings prompted the participants to propose possible and practical control solutions for the spread of P. hysterophorus if not totally eradicated, considering the availability of resources, level of awareness and the socio-economic status of the affected regions. The results of the investigation are hoped to improve the over-all management that are being conducted by the concerned agencies and volunteers towards the rapid spread of the weed. The findings revealed that P. hysterophorus has serious impacts on vegetation, pastures and agriculture, as it was observed in reduced level growth of both plants and trees. The possible control measures gathered from the participants indicate that they are willing to cooperate and learn more about the impact of the weed.