bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Restorative Justice dalam Tinjauan Hukum Progresif: Eksistensi dan Implikasi
Authors: Wijaya Ida Made Oka
Published: October 2022

Restorative justice is an idea in criminal law to optimize further the role of human dignity in carrying out the law. This is relevant to the idea of progressive law that is oriented towards law for humans and legal efforts to serve human dignity. The legal issue in this study is the existence of restorative justice associated with the idea of progressive law. This study aims to see the existence and implications of restorative justice associated with the idea of progressive law. This research is a normative legal research with emphasis on legal concepts that are used as the main study to analyze legal materials. This research uses a conceptual approach and a statutory approach. The legal materials in this study are primary legal materials which include: the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Law no. 48 of 2009 concerning Judicial Power, as well as the Regulation of the Attorney General of the Republic of Indonesia No. 15 of 2020 concerning Termination of Prosecution Based on Restorative Justice. The results of the study confirm that in an effort to form a progressive legal mentality, the structural aspects and legal culture need special attention and special training for law enforcement officers. In addition, the idea of restorative justice also needs to look at the concepts and practices that have developed both from abroad and in local practice in Indonesia. Abstrak: Restorative justice merupakan gagasan dalam hukum pidana untuk lebih mengoptimalkan peran martabat manusia dalam menjalankan hukum. Hal ini relevan dengan gagasan hukum progresif yang berorientasi pada hukum untuk manusia serta upaya hukum untuk mengabdi pada martabat manusia. Isu hukum dalam penelitian ini adalah eksistensi restorative justice dikaitkan dengan gagasan hukum progresif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat eksistensi dan implikasi restorative justice dikaitkan dengan gagasan hukum progresif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan menekankan pada konsep-konsep hukum yang dijadikan kajian utama untuk menganalisis bahan hukum. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan. Bahan hukum dalam penelitian ini yaitu bahan hukum primer yang meliputi: UUD NRI 1945, UU No. 48 Tahun 2009 Tentang Kekuasaan Kehakiman, serta Peraturan Kejaksaan Republik Indonesia No. 15 Tahun 2020 tentang Penghentian Penuntutan Berdasarkan Keadilan Restoratif. Hasil penelitian menegaskan bahwa dalam upaya membentuk mental hukum progresif maka aspek struktur dan budaya hukum perlu mendapatkan perhatian tersendiri serta pelatihan khusus bagi aparat penegak hukum. Selain itu, gagasan restorative justice juga perlu melihat konsep serta praktik yang berkembang baik dari luar negeri maupun dalam praktik lokal di Indonesia.
An Appraisal of Corporate Social Responsibility on Organisational Performance of Commercial Banks in Nigeria
Authors: Okafor Immanuel Emeka , Nwigwe Ekene Collins , Obiakor Chukwunonso E , Mgbemena G. C. Mgbemena
Published: October 2022

The research examined an appraisal of Corporate Social Responsibility on Organizational Performance of Commercial Banks in Nigeria. The research adopted historical method to analyze the data collected from secondary data only (Journals, Textbooks), Internet, library and Newspaper. One main objective and two (2) specific objectives were highlighted. Furthermore, Conceptual clarification, theoretical framework and discussion of findings we're examined. Among other things are, things that affect Cooperate Social Responsibility on Nigeria Economy, Challenges and Recommendations were made to sustain Corporate Social Responsibility to enhance Organizational Performance of Commercial Banks in Nigeria.
Comparison of the Mesio-Distal Widths of the Maxillary and Mandibular Central Incisors Between Cleft Lip and Palate and Non Cleft Lip and Palate Individuals
Authors: Ali Ayub  , Umar Hussain  , Falahat Nasir  , Ausaf Ali Rizvi
Published: October 2022

Objective: To compare the mesiodistal widths of the maxillary and mandibular central incisors of cleft lip and palate individuals with non-cleft individuals, in a local population.
Methodology: A total of 80 casts (40 of cleft patients and 40 normal) were selected by the department of orthodontics from January, 2021 to February, 2022, dividing them it into 4 groups by consecutive non-probability technique. The mesiodistal width of the maxillary and mandibular central incisors was measured with vernier caliper.Â  Independent t test was applied to compare the mesiodistal width of maxillary and mandibular central incisors between normal and cleft patients. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all four groups.
Results: The mean MD width for the maxillary central incisors was 6.58 Â± 1.16mm and 7.67 Â±1.18mm for the CLP and control group respectively. The mean MD width for the mandibular central incisors was 4.22Â± 0.91 mm and 4.67 Â± 0.9 mm for the CLP and control group respectively. The student t test showed a significant difference in the MD width of both the maxillary and mandibular central incisors between the CLP and control group.
Conclusion: Patients suffering from cleft lip and palate are associated with diminutive central incisors in both jaws.
Environment-Induced Cracking of High-Strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Aluminum Alloys: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Holroyd N.J. Henry , Burnett Tim L. , Lewandowski John J. , Scamans Geoffrey M.
Published: October 2022

Environment-induced cracking (EIC) during commercial use of aluminum alloys started over 125 y ago (mid-1890s), some 45 y earlier than previously documented, with earliest failures for Al-Zn-Mg-Cu, 7xxx series alloys occurring a decade later. Needs for lighter, thicker, and stronger alloy products, first driven by WW1 and WW2 militaristic requirements and subsequently by relentless demands from modern aircraft industry designers, resulted in major in-service EIC in commercial high-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys in the United States and United Kingdom during the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. These were avoidable had research findings from France, Germany, and Japan from the 1930s and 1940s been implemented. Unprecedented U.S. Government R&D funding during the late 1960s, 1970s, and early 1980s led to AA7050 and similar alloys, that essentially eliminated EIC issues during commercial usage for several decades. EIC assessment for the following “new-generation” high-strength alloys relied totally on standard ASTM test methods, incapable of providing data directly relatable to the service conditions. Although EIC service issues for the latest generation of 7xxx series alloys remains manageable, the premature appearance of EIC requires a quantitative understanding of EIC initiation under environmental and mechanical conditions directly relatable to intended use, to prevent unexpected failures for future alloys. Directions for future high-strength 7xxx series aluminum alloy development and EIC assessment to provide quantitative data relatable to service conditions and input for structural design and for service life prediction are discussed.
PROPOSTA DE CLASSIFICAÇÃO DA MORFOLOGIA URBANA EM CIDADES BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Silva Filho Luiz Carlos , Souza Cavalcanti Lucas Costa de , Carvalho Lima Zuleide Maria
Published: October 2022

O crescimento da urbanização brasileira nas últimas décadas trouxe uma mudança evidente na trama da paisagem urbana e, consequentemente, na cobertura do solo. Nesse sentido, este trabalho visa a elaboração e aplicação de classes tipológicas que contemplem seu uso na realidade urbana das cidades brasileiras com as classes tipológicas da morfologia da paisagem urbana, baseadas na cobertura do solo. Para isso, foram feitas algumas adaptações com base na metodologia de classificação descrita por Kafta (2014) de forma a torná-las simples e práticas na definição das classes elaboradas. Além disso, utilizamos elementos tipológicos, sendo a matriz de forma urbana: as formas construídas. Assim, foram identificadas sete classes iniciais com base na cobertura do solo e formas construídas e 26 classes tipológicas da morfologia da paisagem urbana unindo elementos paisagístico-arquitetônicos com elementos ambientais. Utilizamos recortes em escala de 1: 20000 para as cidades de Recife, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo e Natal para validar o uso das classes e tipologias da morfologia da paisagem urbana. Por fim, as 26 classes destinadas a identificar as Tipologias da Morfologia da Paisagem Urbana se mostram eficientes para classificação em diferentes ambientes urbanos.
Introducing Aesthetics and the Philosophy of Art
Authors: Hick Darren Hudson
Published: October 2022

Aesthetics and the philosophy of art are about things in the world – things like the Mona Lisa, but also things like horror movies, things like the ugliest dog in the world, and things like wallpaper. There’s a surprising amount of philosophical content to be found in wallpaper.

Using a case-driven approach, Introducing Aesthetics and the Philosophy of Art is grounded in real-world examples that propel thought, debate, and discussion about the nature of art and beauty. Now in its third edition, this tried-and-tested text features fresh cases and new activities. Hands-on Do Aesthetics! activities pepper the text, and Challenge Cases appear at the end of each chapter to test intuitions, to complicate the field of discussion, and to set a path forward. Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s “The Yellow Wall-Paper” serves as a recurring case throughout, and this edition includes the full text of this classic short story.

From classical debates that continue to bother philosophers today, to emerging problems of identity, appropriation, and morality, this introduction is designed to engage you in a field that itself engages with so much of the world around you. Here is everything you need to know about the history, themes, thinkers and theories to get you started on aesthetics and the philosophy of art.
One Public
Authors: Landis Kevin
Published: October 2022

Since its founding by Joseph Papp in the 1950s, The Public Theater has been an American artistic leader defined by its breadth of programming, from Hair and A Chorus Line, to Free Shakespeare in the Park. With the recent critical and financial success of Fun Home and Hamilton, and its emphasis on new play development, The Public’s contemporary history has been equally remarkable, even as world crises and social changes have tested the mettle of its foundation of accessible and "radically inclusive" theatre for all.

One Public: New York’s Public Theater in the Era of Oskar Eustis presents the broader organization, its creative methodology, and its enormous growth over the past 20 years. Framed by the tenure and leadership of its current artistic director, the book tells the contemporary story, recorded over many interviews with iconic practitioners and performers ranging from Diane Paulus, Tony Kushner and Lynn Nottage to Kevin Kline, Chelsea Clinton and Lin-Manuel Miranda.

Case-study driven, One Public uses oral history accounts and authorial experience to illuminate The Public Theater, Eustis and their cultural influence on the city of New York and the greater United States. The story highlights the successes and challenges of an institution at once espousing a mission of inclusivity and community-based arts creation, while also developing Broadway hits and international fame.
Britney Spears' Blackout
Authors: Lasky Natasha
Published: October 2022

Britney Spears barely survived 2007. She divorced her husband, lost custody of her kids, went to rehab, shaved her head and assaulted a paparazzo. In the midst of her public breakdown, she managed to record an album, Blackout. Critics thought it spelled the end for Britney Spears’ career.

But Blackout turned out to be one of the most influential albums of the aughts. It not only brought glitchy digital noise and dubstep into the Top 40, but also transformed Britney into a new kind of pop star, one who shrugged off mainstream ubiquity for the devotion of smaller groups of fans who worshipped her idiosyncratic sound.

This book returns to the grimy clubs and paparazzi hangouts of LA in the 2000s as well as the blogs and forums of the early internet to show how Blackout was a crucial hinge between twentieth and twenty-first-century pop.
Earth, Wind & Fire's That’s the Way of the World
Authors: Brooks Dwight E.
Published: October 2022

Dwight E. Brooks deep dives into Earth, Wind & Fire's That's The Way of the World. Alongside interview material from members Phillip Bailey and Verdine White, he analyses how this album shattered musical barriers, transcended genres, and paid homage to African and American traditions.

Understanding TTWOTW requires appreciating EWF founder Maurice White's multifaceted vision for his band. White created a band that performed various styles of music that sought to uplift humanity. His musicians personified a new form of Black masculinity rooted in dignity that embraced diverse spiritualities and healthy living. A complete understanding of TTWOTW also necessitates an awareness of American racial dynamics and changes in the popular music industry in the 1960s and '70s.

EWF's landmark album TTWOTW presented hopeful messages about the world that were sorely needed at the time. TTWOTW did not tell listeners exactly how to live, but instead how they can live in a quest for self-actualization. The songs encourage us to yearn, learn, love, see, listen, and feel happy. If art can help mold a better future, than EWF's musical legacy of positivity and self-empowerment will continue to contribute to personal growth and social change even as their melodies linger.
Psychometric properties of the Bergen Work Addiction Scale in a Greek sample of health professionals
Authors: Bellali Thalia , Minasidou Evgenia , Galanis Petros , Karagkounis Chrysovalantis , Liamopoulou Polixeni , Manomenidis Georgios
Published: October 2022

Background

Work addiction it is an emerging topic in organizational research because it has a great impact on human resources, especial-ly in the health sector, and has led to the development of a number of valid assessment tools. Among work addiction scales, the Bergen Work Addiction Scale (BWAS) has good psychometric properties and a small number of items, and comes with a recommended cut-off for categorization of work addiction. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the BWAS in a Greek sample of health professionals (HPs) and to measure their work addiction.

Participants and procedure

A cross sectional study using an online questionnaire related to work addiction was completed by 542 HPs through the offi-cial websites of 8 secondary hospitals in Greece.

Results

The level of HPs’ work addiction was moderate. The internal structure of the scale was satisfactory (α = .78). All seven items of the BWAS were significant and had standardized values above 0.48. Work addiction was significantly associated with older age and the profession of physician.

Conclusions

Based on the findings of the present study, the Greek BWAS has good psychometric properties, such as good reliability, internal consistency and construct validity and is recommended as a suitable tool to assess work addiction in clinical settings and future research.
Research on Creative Thinking Mode based on Category Theory
Authors: Wang Tong
Published: October 2022

The research on the brain mechanism of creativity mainly has two aspects, one is the creative thinking process, and the other is the brain structure and functional connection characteristics of highly creative people. The hundreds of millions of nerve cells in the brain connect and interact with each other. The human brain has a high degree of complexity at the biological level, especially the rational thinking ability of the human brain. Starting from the connection of molecules, cells, neural networks and the neural function structure of the brain, it may be fundamentally impossible to study the rational thinking mode of human beings. Human's rational thinking mode has a high degree of freedom and transcendence, and such problems cannot be expected to be studied by elaborating the realization of the nervous system. The rational thinking of the brain is mainly based on the structured thinking mode, and the structured thinking mode shows the great scientific power. This paper studies the theoretical model of innovative thinking based on category theory, and analyzes the creation process of two scientific theories which are landmarks in the history of science, and provides an intuitive, clear interpretation model and rigorous mathematical argument for the creative thinking. The structured thinking way have great revelation and help to create new scientific theories.
Prediction and Key Characteristics of All-Cause Mortality in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Xiangwei Mu , Mingjie Zhu , Shuxin Liu , Kequan Li , Lianlian You , Shuang Che
Published: October 2022

Predict and analyze key features of all-cause death in maintenance hemodialysis patients to provide guidance for later diagnosis and treatment. Four machine learning methods were used to establish an all-cause death prediction model for maintenance hemodialysis patients and compare their performance. Analyze the key characteristics that have an important impact on all-cause death, and conduct user portraits for patients of different ages and genders. After comparison, the random forest algorithm works best, and an important factor affecting the all-cause death of patients is obtained. Among them, the all-cause death of all patients is related to factors such as albumin, blood potassium, blood magnesium, and urea; With age, the importance of factors such as blood sodium and phosphorus increases, and the importance of factors such as cardiac ultrasound ejection fraction decreases. Finally, there were also differences in the importance of analyzing patients of different ages and different sexes affecting their all-cause death. It is useful for residents to adjust their dialysis index timely.
Relationship of Verbal Violent Behavior with Student Learning Achievement
Authors: Siahaan Tina Shinta Parulian , Putra Febri Christian Trisna , Niman Susanti
Published: October 2022

The child is the asset and successor of the ideals of the nation's struggle for the future. Children are entitled to service to develop the ability, and social life, by following per under the culture, and personality of the nation, to become good, and useful citizens. Children are entitled to maintenance and protection, while in the womb or after birth, and children are entitled to protection against the environment that endangers or hinders their growth and development. Child abuse comes in many forms. This study to find out the relationship between verbal violence and student’s learning achievement. We used descriptive quantitative correlation, cross-sectional, for instruments we used questionnaires for verbal violence. Data analysed was a bivariate test that used the chi-square test. Technic sampling used stratified random sampling with lottery technique based on student ID number amount 225 people. There is a significant relationship between verbal abuse and student learning achievement.
Toward brain organoid-based precision medicine in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Park Jong-Chan , Mook-Jung Inhee
Published: October 2022

In recent years, the concept of precision medicine—an approach to developing personalized drugs for disease prevention or treatment—has emerged as an up-and-coming field in medical research. However, there are numerous limitations to applying this approach to the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer disease, because of the invasiveness of obtaining human brain samples. Meanwhile, the development of human brain organoids has become one of the most powerful in vitro research tools because these organoids can be established from induced pluripotent stem cells or embryonic stem cells. In this review, we discuss how we can effectively utilize brain organoids for precision medicine research in conjunction with a variety of high-end techniques such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) genomic editing, integrative multi-omics analysis, 3D brain tissue clearing, and high-content screening confocal microscopy imaging systems. We herein provide new insights in order to materialize organoid-based precision medicine therapy and future directions.
Clitocybula ellipsospora, a new species found in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors:   C/ Trascastrillo, 45, 09670, Quintanar de la Sierra (Burgos), Spain, Santamaria Nino , Rubio Casas Luis , Zamora Juan Carlos ,   Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Geneve
Published: October 2022

Clitocybula ellipsospora is proposed as a new species based on morphological (macro- and microscopic) and molecular characters, as well as its distinctive habitat in Pinus sylvestris forest areas near peat bogs, in the Supramedi- terranean belt. A complete discussion comparing this taxon with closely related species is also provided
Source apportionment resolved by time of day for improved deconvolution of primary source contributions to air pollution
Authors: Bhandari Sahil , Arub Zainab , Habib Gazala , Apte Joshua S. , Hildebrandt Ruiz Lea
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Present methodologies for source apportionment assume
fixed source profiles. Since meteorology and human activity patterns change
seasonally and diurnally, application of source apportionment techniques to
shorter rather than longer time periods generates more representative mass
spectra. Here, we present a new method to conduct source apportionment
resolved by time of day using the underlying approach of positive matrix
factorization (PMF). We call this approach “time-of-day PMF” and
statistically demonstrate the improvements in this approach over traditional
PMF. We report on source apportionment conducted on four example time
periods in two seasons (winter and monsoon seasons of 2017), using organic aerosol
measurements from an aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM). We deploy
the EPA PMF tool with the underlying Multilinear Engine (ME-2) as the PMF
solver. Compared to the traditional seasonal PMF approach, we extract a
larger number of factors as well as PMF factors that represent the expected
sources of primary organic aerosol using time-of-day PMF. By capturing
diurnal time series patterns of sources at a low computational cost,
time-of-day PMF can utilize large datasets collected using long-term
monitoring and improve the characterization of sources of organic aerosol
compared to traditional PMF approaches that do not resolve by time of day.
The effect of uncertainties in natural forcing records on simulated temperature during the last Millennium
Authors: Lücke Lucie J. , Schurer Andrew P. , Toohey Matthew , Marshall Lauren R. , Hegerl Gabriele C.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Here we investigate how uncertainties in the solar and volcanic forcing records of the past millennium affect the large-scale temperature response of a 2-box impulse response model. We use different published solar forcing records and present a new volcanic forcing ensemble which accounts for random uncertainties in eruption dating and sulfur injection amount. The simulations are compared to proxy reconstructions from PAGES 2k and Northern hemispheric tree-ring data. We find that low solar forcing is most consistent with all the proxy reconstructions, even when accounting for volcanic uncertainty and that the residuals are well in line with CMIP6 control variability at centennial timescales. Volcanic forcing uncertainty induces a significant spread in the temperature response, especially at periods of peak forcing. For individual eruptions and superposed epoch analyses volcanic uncertainty can strongly affect the agreement with proxy reconstructions, and may explain previous proxy-model discrepancies.
Deforestation for agriculture leads to soil warming and enhanced litter decomposition in subarctic soils
Authors: Peplau Tino , Poeplau Christopher , Gregorich Edward , Schroeder Julia
Published: October 2022

Abstract. The climate-change induced poleward shift of agriculture could lead to enforced deforestation of subarctic forest. Deforestation alters the microclimate and, thus, soil temperature, which is an important driver of decomposition. The consequences of land-use change on soil temperature and decomposition in temperature-limited ecosystems is not well understood. In this study, we buried litter bags together with soil temperature loggers at two depths (10 and 50 cm) in native subarctic forest soils and adjacent agricultural land in the Yukon Territory, Canada. A total of 37 plots was established on a wide range of different soils and resampled after two years to quantify the land-use effect on soil temperature and decomposition of fresh organic matter. Average soil temperature over the whole soil profile was 2.1 ± 1.0 °C and 2.0 ± 0.8 °C higher in cropland and grassland soils compared to forest soils. Cumulative degree days (the annual sum of daily mean temperatures > 0 °C) increased significantly by 773 ± 243 (cropland) and 670 ± 285 (grassland). Litter decomposition was enhanced by 2.0 ± 10.4 % and 7.5 ± 8.6 % in cropland topsoil and subsoil, compared to forest soils, but no significant difference in decomposition was found between grassland and forest soils. Increased litter decomposition may not be attributed to increased temperature alone, but also to management effects, such as irrigation of croplands. The results suggest that deforestation-driven temperature changes exceed the soil temperature increase already observed in Canada due to climate change. Deforestation thus amplifies the climate-carbon feedback by increasing soil warming and organic matter decomposition.
MILQ: A liquefaction triggering map for Italy
Authors: Barani Simone , Ferretti Gabriele , Scafidi Davide
Published: October 2022

Abstract. In the present study, we analyze ground-motion hazard maps and hazard disaggregation in order to define areas in Italy where liquefaction triggering due to seismic activity can not be excluded. To this end, we refer to the triggering criteria proposed by the Italian Guidelines for Seismic Microzonation, which are described in the main body of the manuscript. However, the study can be replicated in other countries that adopt different criteria. The final goal is the definition of a screening map for all of Italy that classifies sites in terms of liquefaction triggering potential according to their seismic hazard level. The map, which is referred with the Italian acronym MILQ (Mappa del potenziale d’Innesco della LiQuefazione), and the associated data are freely accessible at the following web address: www.distav.unige.it/rsni/milq.php. Our results can be useful to guide land-use planners in deciding whether liquefaction is a hazard that needs to be considered within the planning processes or not. Furthermore, they can serve as a guide for recommending geological and geotechnical investigations aimed at the evaluation of liquefaction hazards or, conversely, rule out further studies with a consequent saving in efforts and money.
Weathering of stannite–kësterite [Cu2(Fe,Zn)SnS4] and the environmental mobility of the released elements
Authors: Haase Patrick , Kiefer Stefan , Pollok Kilian , Drahota Petr , Majzlan Juraj
Published: October 2022

Abstract. The sulfidic waste dumps of the historical mining sites Giftkies
and Kaňk (Czech Republic) have been exposed to a temperate climate over
decades. This exposure generated low-pH conditions caused by metal sulfide
decomposition. Tin sulfides of the stannite–kësterite series
[Cu2(Fe,Zn)SnS4] are common Sn minerals in the ores at the
investigated sites. They decompose under acidic and oxidizing conditions and
form in situ secondary precipitates. Compositional analyses of primary and
secondary minerals were collected by electron microprobe to track the
environmental mobility of the released elements during weathering.
Transmission electron microscopy revealed a diffusion-driven alteration of
stannite to Sn-rich chalcopyrite and the precipitation of native copper and
silver from stannite. In assemblages containing arsenopyrite, an in situ and
amorphous Sn–Fe–As (SFA)-rich phase precipitated close to the Sn sulfide.
The SFA precipitate contains very little sulfur, which was probably released
to the aqueous phase as oxidized species, whereas small amounts of Cu and Zn
were captured by the SFA. This precipitate is metastable and acts as a
temporaneous sink for mobile elements (Cu, Zn) and elements derived from
acid-soluble silicates and phosphates (Ca, Si, Al, and P). With advanced
weathering, complex redox reactions result in the precipitation of magnetite
as an oxidation product of the sulfidic material under oxidative conditions.
The stable minerals goethite and cassiterite mark the end of the weathering
sequence and crystallized from the amorphous SFA precipitate.
Accuracies of field CO2–H2O data from open-path eddy-covariance flux systems: assessment based on atmospheric physics and biological environment
Authors: Zhou Xinhua , Gao Tian , Zheng Ning , Yang Bai , Li Yanlei , Yu Fengyuan , Awada Tala , Zhu Jiaojun
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Ecosystem CO2–H2O data measured by infrared
gas analyzers in open-path eddy-covariance (OPEC) systems have numerous
applications, such as estimations of CO2 and H2O fluxes in the
atmospheric boundary layer. To assess the applicability of the data for
these estimations, data uncertainties from analyzer measurements are needed.
The uncertainties are sourced from the analyzers in zero drift, gain drift,
cross-sensitivity, and precision variability. These four uncertainty sources
are individually specified for analyzer performance, but so far no methodology
exists yet to combine these individual sources into a composite uncertainty
for the specification of an overall accuracy, which is ultimately needed.
Using the methodology for closed-path eddy-covariance systems, this overall
accuracy for OPEC systems is determined from all individual uncertainties
via an accuracy model and further formulated into CO2 and H2O
accuracy equations. Based on atmospheric physics and the biological
environment, for EC150 infrared CO2–H2O analyzers, these
equations are used to evaluate CO2 accuracy (±1.22 mgCO2 m−3, relatively ±0.19 %) and H2O accuracy (±0.10 gH2O m−3, relatively ±0.18 % in saturated air at 35 ∘C and 101.325 kPa). Both accuracies are applied to conceptual
models addressing their roles in uncertainty analyses for CO2 and
H2O fluxes. For the high-frequency air temperature derived from
H2O density along with sonic temperature and atmospheric pressure, the
role of H2O accuracy in its uncertainty is similarly addressed. Among
the four uncertainty sources, cross-sensitivity and precision variability
are minor, although unavoidable, uncertainties, whereas zero drift and gain
drift are major uncertainties but are minimizable via corresponding zero and
span procedures during field maintenance. The accuracy equations provide
rationales to assess and guide the procedures. For the atmospheric
background CO2 concentration, CO2 zero and CO2 span
procedures can narrow the CO2 accuracy range by 40 %, from ±1.22 to ±0.72 mgCO2 m−3. In hot and humid weather, H2O
gain drift potentially adds more to the H2O measurement uncertainty,
which requires more attention. If H2O zero and H2O span procedures
can be performed practically from 5 to 35 ∘C, the H2O
accuracy can be improved by at least 30 %: from ±0.10 to ±0.07 gH2O m−3. Under freezing conditions, the H2O span
procedure is impractical but can be neglected because of its trivial
contributions to the overall uncertainty. However, the zero procedure for
H2O, along with CO2, is imperative as an operational and efficient
option under these conditions to minimize H2O measurement uncertainty.
AerSett v1.0: A simple and straightforward model for the settling speed of big spherical atmospheric aerosol
Authors: Mailler Sylvain , Menut Laurent , Cholakian Arineh , Pennel Romain
Published: October 2022

Abstract. This study introduces AerSett v1.0 (AERosol SETTling version 1.0), a model giving the settling speed of big spherical aerosols in the atmosphere without going through an iterative equation resolution. We prove that, for all spherical atmospheric aerosols with diameter D up to 1000 µm, this direct and explicit method based on the drag coefficient formulation of Clift and Gauvin (1971) gives results within 2 % of the exact solution obtained from numerical resolution of a non-linear fixed-point equation. This error is acceptable considering the uncertainties on the drag coefficient formulations themselves. For D < 100 µm, the error is below 0.5 %. We hope that with this simple and straightforward model, more Chemistry-Tranport models and General Circulation models will be able to take into account large-particle correction to the settling speed of big spherical aerosol particles in the atmosphere, without performing an iterative and time-consuming calculation.
Evolution and mechanism configuration synthesis of chamber clocks movement prior to 1700
Authors: Lin Tsung-Yi , Lin Wen-Feng
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Chamber clocks are weight-driven wall clocks and the first type of domestic clocks to be widely used in the home. During the 16th and 17th
centuries, although horologists in Europe made various types of chamber clocks in large numbers, many of the clocks have since been either replaced or discarded. In this study, we used the method of mechanical evolution and variation, analyzed and compared clock movements based on historical data and existing clocks, and synthesized all possible movement configurations of early-day chamber clocks. A total of 4 going-train configurations and 10 striking-train configurations were identified, making a total of 40 feasible movement configurations. In addition, 14 existing representative chamber clocks were selected as examples to illustrate the above configurations and their variations, which enabled the creation of a comprehensive atlas of the movement designs. The results of the study can not only help to systematically carry out the reconstruction design of various chamber clocks, but also provide new information for scholars of history of science to further historical research and develop new materials for creativity as well as science and technology education.
Interactions between precipitation, evapotranspiration and soil-moisture-based indices to characterize drought with high-resolution remote sensing and land-surface model data
Authors: Gaona Jaime , Quintana-Seguí Pere , Escorihuela María José , Boone Aaron , Llasat María Carmen
Published: October 2022

Abstract. The Iberian Peninsula is prone to drought due to the high variability in the Mediterranean climate with severe consequences for drinking water supply, agriculture, hydropower and ecosystem functioning. Because of the
complexity and relevance of droughts in this region, it is necessary to
increase our understanding of the temporal interactions of precipitation,
evapotranspiration and soil moisture that originate from drought within the
Ebro basin, in northeastern Spain, as the study region. Remote sensing and
land-surface models provide high-spatial-resolution and high-temporal-resolution data to characterize evapotranspiration and soil moisture anomalies in detail. The increasing availability of these datasets has the potential to overcome the lack of in situ observations of evapotranspiration and soil moisture. In this study, remote sensing data of evapotranspiration from MOD16A2 and soil moisture data from SMOS1km as well as SURFEX-ISBA land-surface model data are used to calculate the evapotranspiration deficit index (ETDI) and the soil moisture deficit index (SMDI) for the period 2010–2017. The study compares the remote sensing time series of the ETDI and SMDI with the ones estimated using the land-surface model SURFEX-ISBA, including the standardized precipitation index (SPI) computed at a weekly scale. The study focuses on the analysis of the time lags between the indices to identify the synchronicity and memory of the anomalies between precipitation, evapotranspiration and soil moisture. Lag analysis results demonstrate the capabilities of the SPI, ETDI and SMDI drought indices computed at a weekly scale to give information about the mechanisms of drought propagation at distinct levels of the land–atmosphere system. Relevant feedback for both antecedent and subsequent conditions is identified, with a preeminent role of evapotranspiration in the link between rainfall and soil moisture. Both
remote sensing and the land-surface model show capability to characterize
drought events, with specific advantages and drawbacks of the remote sensing and land-surface model datasets. Results underline the value of analyzing drought with dedicated indices, preferably at a weekly scale, to better identify the quick self-intensifying and mitigating mechanisms governing drought, which are relevant for drought monitoring in semi-arid areas.
مواجهة وباء كورونا من خلال الإدارة الاستراتيجية (دراسة حالة مديرية الشؤون الصحية بنجران)
Authors:   ماجستير خدمات صحية، جامعة بيشة، المملكة العربية السعودية, مهدي ال زمانان حسين , حريزي رياض ,   أستاذ دكتور في علم الاقتصاد، جامعة بيشة، المملكة العربية السعودية, محمود عبد الحفيظ
Published: October 2022

تعتبر الإدارة الاستراتيجية ضرورة حتمية وأمرًا ملحًا للمؤسسات بشكل عام، والمؤسسات الصحية بشكل خاص، وذلك لأنها تمثل منهجًا فكريًا يتميز بالحداثة والريادة، ويتسم من خلال عملياته وطريقة تفكيره بالقدرة على مواجهة التحديات في مختلف المجالات. هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على دور الإدارة الاستراتيجية في مواجهة وباء كورونا في مديرية الشؤون الصحية بنجران، وذلك من خلال الاعتماد على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وتم استخدام الاستبيان كأداة لجمع البيانات من أفراد عينة قدرها (75) فردًا من مديرية الشؤون الصحية بنجران. توصلت هذه الدراسة إلى أن الإدارة الاستراتيجية تضطلع بدور كبير في مواجهة وباء كورونا، ويمكن لمديرية الشؤون الصحية بنجران مواجهة الأمور الاستثنائية غير المتوقعة في سير العمل، وتعتمد الإدارة الصحية خطة مرنة لتنفيذ استراتيجيتها في هذا الوباء حيث تتكيف مع محيطها وتستجيب لمتطلبات العمل أثناء عملية التنفيذ، كما تعمل المديرية على تحويل استراتيجيتها إلى خطط أعمال وخطط تشغيلية ملموسة. من خلال البحث اتضح أن التحليل الاستراتيجي للبيئة الداخلية يشمل تحديد نقاط القوة والضعف التي تواجهها المديرية حيث حصلت هذا البند على الموافقة بنسبة 49.3 %، والموافقة جدًا بنسبة 24%، وهي نسب كبيرة، وتشير إلى أن غالبية أفراد عينة الدراسة يرون أن التحليل الاستراتيجي للبيئة الداخلية يشمل تحديد نقاط القوة والضعف التي تواجهها المديرية. ويوصي هذا المشروع بمواصلة دراسة دور الإدارة الاستراتيجية في مواجهة الأزمات الصحية ومزيد من التعمق في دور الإدارة الاستراتيجية في مختلف المديريات الصحية السعودية، وبصفة عامة تعزيز مفاهيم وأهمية الإدارة الاستراتيجية لدى لاعاملين بالقطاع الصحي السعودي.
موقف المجتمع الدولي من الحرب الهندية الباكستانية الثانية عام 1385هـ / 1965م
Authors:   باحثة دكتوراه في التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر، كلية الآداب، جامعة الملك عبد العزيز، المملكة العربية السعودية, هزاع عبده ندى
Published: October 2022

هدفت الدراسة إلى استعراض الأسباب التي أدت إلى نشوب الحرب للمرة الثانية بين الهند وباكستان. وتحليل ردود الأفعال الدولية والإقليمية تجاه الخلاف بين الهند وباكستان، بالإضافة إلى تحليل ردودهم بعد تطور الخلاف إلى حرب بين دولتين شقيقتين. والوقوف على دور المجتمع الدولي في إيقاف الحرب بين الهند وباكستان وتقوم منهجية الدراسة على اتباع قواعد منهج البحث التاريخي القائم على جمع المادة العلمية ونقدها وتحليلها للوصول إلى نتائج علمية سليمة. وتعد الهند وباكستان من أهم الدول في إقليم جنوب آسيا، وأكثرهما ارتباطاً بالعالم الخارجي، فهما يحظيان باهتمام عالمي لما لهما من اسهامات حضارية، فضلاً عن حجم مساحتهما وأعداد سكانهما وموقعها الاستراتيجي. ومع ذلك فإن الدولتين أخفقت في بناء علاقات ودية فيما ينهما، وغرقت في الخلافات حول مواضيع عدة خاصة على إقليم كشمير، ولقد خلَّف النزاع بين الهند وباكستان على إقليم كشمير حربين كانت أولاهما عام 1366هـ/1947م والأخرى حرب عام 1385هـ/1965م كان للمجتمع الدولي دور في إيقافها. وكلتا الحربين أحدثتا خلافات سياسية بين الدولتين لم يتم تسويتها حتى مع تدخل المجتمع الدولي. ونتيجة للانسداد السياسي بين الهند وباكستان فقد كان هناك وساطات وتدخلات من المجتمع الدولي المتمثل في هيئة الأمم المتحدة والدول ذات النفوذ الدولي والإقليمي الولايات المتحدة وبريطانيا والاتحاد السوفيتي والصين من أجل تسوية الخلاف وإيقاف الحرب.
Modeling of spatiotemporal data about the environment in GIS
Authors: Kuzmin V. A. , Shanygin S. I. , Chunin S. An. , Nikitin G. S. , Mkrtchyan M. E. , Kaurova Z. G. , Orekhov D. A. , Tsyganov A. V. , Aidiev A. B. , Mishchenko N. V. , Achilov V. V.
Published: October 2022

A large number of sensors are used to monitor the environment, and a large volume of spatio-temporal data on epizootic risks and the environment is processed in real time. To date, GIS data models are represented by static models and more modern time models. However, many of the epizootological and environmental data management systems do not meet the requirements of real-time data management. The purpose of the work is to propose, based on the analysis of foreign literature sources, a modern method for managing epizootological and environmental data based on a new GIS model in real time in comparison with the Sensor web service model.

Two experiments were conducted in the urban environment and on the territories of livestock farms with different epizootic situations for potential risk management in zoonoses. Real-time monitoring of air quality and real-time monitoring of soil moisture was carried out in Wuhan (China). The circulation of pathogens of zoonoses and sapronoses in the environment, including in the soil, and their preservation in the form of spores and hard-to-cultivate forms, determines the ecological component of emergent epizootics and epidemics with the coverage of new areas. Experimental results have shown that the use of the proposed GIS data model on the Sensor web service platform for managing epizootological/epidemiological and environmental data in real time is reliable and effective.
Study of the leukocyte profile in the mammary gland of lactating rats under the influence of oxytocin
Authors: Panova N. A. , Karpenko L. Yu
Published: October 2022

During lactation, the structure of the organ and the composition of lymphoid cells change in the mammary gland. The change in the cells of the leukocyte series indicates a deep relationship between the immune system and the lactation process. The functioning of the mammary gland is under the influence of pituitary hormones and sex hormones, which change the cytological structure of the organ and the content of leukocytes in it. The studies were carried out on lactating rats. Were formed, one control group and two experimental groups of animals, 5 in each. Oxytocin was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 0.1 ml to rats of the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups. The structure of the mammary gland and the composition of leukocyte cells were studied before the influence of oxytocin, 5 and 10 minutes after the administration of the hormone. The mammary glands were dissected and impression smears were prepared. The smears were stained and lymphoid cells were counted using optics. Under the influence of the hormones of the adenohypophysis, during the lactation period, the glandular tissue in the mammary gland replaces the adipose tissue. Insulin, growth hormone are able to increase the rate of DNA synthesis, stimulate mitotic activity, due to which the cell mass of the developing organ increases. With the development of structural components characteristic of a differentiated secretory cell, the structure of the alveolus is formed. Along with the differentiation of secretory cells in the alveolus, the formation of the functional activity of the myoepithelium occurs. A slight increase in the number of lymphocytes in the preparations of the control group of rats was revealed. Under the influence of the neurohypophysis hormone, the composition of immunocompetent blood cells changed. The introduction of intraperitoneal oxytocin, after 5 minutes, stimulated a significant increase in the number of lymphocytes, compared with the control group, from 16,20±3.42 to 37,80±2.63 (p<0.001). By the 10th minute, on the contrary, there was a significant decrease to 5,40±1.48 cells (p<0.001). Monocytes and a small number of neutrophils were also established. The lactation and pre-lactation periods directly affect the functioning of the immune system, changes in the composition of its cells in the mammary gland and their migration through the hemato-milk barrier into colostrum.
Nonlinear elimination of pharmaceutical substances in multi-compartment and non-compartment pharmaco-kinetic models
Authors: Ponamarev V. S.
Published: October 2022

Currently, about 90% of drug kinetics studies published in specialized veterinary journals are based on classical compartmental models. This contrasts with the situation in medical pharmacology, where non-compartmental analysis and alternative novel approaches are increasingly being used. These approaches are becoming increasingly important not only for characterizing drug distribution and concentration versus potency in therapeutic applications, but also for regulating the safety levels of chemicals in industrial settings and in animal products.

A compartment is considered open if it interacts with the environment, or closed if it does not interact. In pharmacokinetics, most models in use have at least one open compartment with first-order elimination.

The selection and analysis of scientific publications was carried out according to the recommendations of H. Snyder for writing review articles.

In English and Russian, in various bibliographic databases (Elibrary, Pubmed, Scopus(Elsevier), Web of Science (Clarivate)) thematic publications were searched by keywords with further highlighting the most cited ones. Articles published earlier than 2015 were used only if they contained information critical to the disclosure of the topic that was not found in later publications.

This publication summarizes the various approaches that are currently being used to analyze kinetic data and will stimulate interest in applying some of these new approaches to studying drug distribution in different animal species. Undoubtedly, without the use of alternative and/or new models, it would be difficult to improve our experimental approaches and understand the complex pharmacological differences between animal species.
Hepatoprotective effect of eugenol on laboratory rats under simulated toxicosis
Authors: Popova O. S.
Published: October 2022

Recently, in the literature, there is often a mention of bioflavonoid hepatoprotectors. These include: silibinin, silidianin, silicristin, isosilibinin, etc.

In foreign sources, there is a mention of eugenol as a remedy that can be used as a choleretic and antitoxic agent. At present, in Russia, eugenol is used as an active antiseptic, and also has an analgesic effect.

Eugenol is a pale yellow liquid with an oily consistency and a spicy aroma, slightly acidic, slightly soluble in water and highly soluble in organic solvents such as alcohol, oils, ether and chloroform.

Rats (male, weight 200-250g) were injected with various doses of eugenol before the introduction of toxic doses of ethyl alcohol, according to the method. The drug was administered intragastrically. After 24 hours of fasting, the rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 6). The dose of eugenol was chosen based on our preliminary screening, and taking into account the rationale for the dose in the literature. All animals were examined in an hour, conducting a biochemical analysis of the main indicators reflecting the state of the liver (bilirubin, ALT, AST) by puncture of the tail vein. All values were measured as mean ± SD, data with p<0.05 were considered significant.

Studies have established that ethyl alcohol is a significant factor in gastric mucosal damage and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and general toxic condition. As a result of the study, it was also revealed that biochemical changes were minimal and tended to complete recovery, which indicates the presence of a hepatoprotective effect in the study drug.