bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXAMINATION OF ANALYSIS METHOD FOR HYDRAULIC MODEL EXPERIMENT UTILIZING RGBD IMAGES AND DUALSPHYSICS
Authors: Miyashita Yusei , Nakamura Ryota , Yazaki Shin
Published: September 2023

Reconstruction method of real objects into point cloud based on RGB images and Depth images (RGB-D Images) has been adopted in various fields. By utilizing such reconstruction method, it would be possible to efficiently measure the complex shape of objects, such as tetrapods, without directly contacting to them in the real experiment. However, the measurements of three-dimensional (3D) objects have rarely been used in hydrodynamic experiments. In the present study, the methodology was built to carry out hydraulic experiments and numerical simulations focusing on the displacement of complex objects. It was carried out by combining reconstructed 3D point cloud data acquired from Intel RealSense LiDAR Camera L515 (L515) and DualSPHysics. The result of displacement of the objects was investigated by numerical simulation and hydrodynamic experiments.
TECHNOLOGY-DRIVEN APPROACH TO THE MODELLING AND DESIGN OF ARTIFICIAL SURF REEFS
Authors: Watterson Evan , Thompson Michael , Gainza June , Loehr Heiko
Published: September 2023

Most coastal protection projects consider amenity outcomes. Increasingly, surf amenity has become an important consideration. Artificial reefs have been promoted as creating coastal protection, surf amenity and ecological outcomes, however, delivering artificial reefs that provide sustained improvement in wave quality for surfing has proven challenging. This paper presents a novel and technology-driven approach for the design of artificial surfing reefs using the Southern Ocean Surf Reef (SOSR) project as an Australian case study. This proposed artificial reef at Middleton Beach, Albany consists of a submerged rock reef structure, the design of which has resulted from extensive investigations to optimise its performance. Results found that the SWASH model, when combined with Wave peel tracks (WPT) technology, was a valuable tool for valuating breaking mechanics of artificial reef surf breaks and designing and optimising the reef shapes that can be verified in physical modelling.
FIRST APPLICATIONS OF XBLOCPLUS: EXPERIENCES FROM AFSLUITDIJK AND VISTULA SPlT PROJECTS
Authors: Koppel Michael van de , Qian Yang Zi , Bakker Pieter , Bruins Rolf , Swewczak Tomasz
Published: September 2023

XblocPlus is a pattern placed single layer armour unit which was developed between 2015 and 2018 (Reedijk, 2018). The unit is applied on the Afsluitdijk Project in The Netherlands where 75,000 blocks are used. The second project followed at Vistula Spit in Poland. Valuable experiences were gained during the first practical application of the unit which are described in this paper.
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF THE WAVE LOAD APPLIED TO THE TOE BERM OF A RUBBLE MOUND STRUCTURE BUILT ON VERY STEEP SLOPES
Authors: Martinelli Luca , Bisson Alberto , Ruol Piero , Volpato Matteo
Published: September 2023

It is sometimes difficult to design a rubble mound structure along the shorelines of lakes located in mountainous environments, due to the typical extreme steepness of the underwater profile. A stable rubble mound structure requires that the underlying bed slope is at least, say, 2H:3V, and in addition there must be some space to accommodate a small horizontal berm. The berm stability assumes an extreme importance, obviously. This research, funded by the Brevetti+ program, studies the behavior of a system that allows for the placement of rubble mound structures along steep profiles, since the stability of the toe berm is assured by tie rods.
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF A HYBRID ARTIFICIAL CORAL REEF WITH BRAIN AND STAGHORN CORALS
Authors: Ghiasian Mohammad , Tan Peisen , Unsworth Joseph , Baker Andrew , Lirman Diego , Haus Brian , Rhode-Barbarigos Landolf
Published: September 2023

Considering that more than 40 percent of the world's population resides within 100 km of coastal areas [WRI, 2007], the protection of coastal communities is critical. Coral reefs provide a large variety of ecosystem services from fishing, recreation and tourism to coastal flood risk reduction to nearby populations. They act as a green, self-building and self-repairing breakwaters dissipating wave energy through wave breaking and bed friction [Beck, 2018]. However, coral reefs are not typically accounted for as a coastal infrastructure as their effects are not easy to quantify [Ferrario, 2014] as their interaction with waves depends on multiple parameters including the variable morphologies of the organisms that form the reef. In this study, the wave energy dissipation of a scaled reef model with two coral species (staghorn and brain corals) of variable cover was evaluated through a series of laboratory experiments at the University of Miami SUrge STructure Atmosphere INteraction (SUSTAIN) Facility, a wind/wave tank with hurricane capabilities. A scaled coral reef model was tested under the direct impact of swell and hurricane generated waves considering Froude similarity with a prototype reef in South Florida.
THE WAVE CLIMATE OF SOUTH-EAST AUSTRALIA AND FUTURE WAVE PROJECTION BY THE END OF 21ST CENTURY
Authors: Liu Jin , Young Ian , Meucci Alberto
Published: September 2023

In this study, high-resolution unstructured ocean wave datasets based on a third-generation wave model (WAVEWATCH III, WW3) were developed for south-east Australia. Through this study, we aim to understand the wave climate based on hindcast model datasets and develop future wave projections by the end of the 21st century.
REVISITING WAVE PROPAGATION UNDER AIR FLOW IN COASTAL AREAS
Authors: Mendoza Edgar , Escudero Mireille
Published: September 2023

The interaction between ocean waves and winds can be separated into two main analyses. A first interaction considers the wind as the primary wave generator. The mechanism through which wind exerts stresses to the water surface that combined with the gravity forces produce the surface oscillatory flow known as waves, is relatively well documented theoretically (Blennerhassett 1980), experimentally (Plate et al. 1969) and numerically (Liu et al. 2016). On the other hand, as waves travel to the coast, winds stop being the generating force and turn into an energy source travelling along with the waves. In places close to the shore, winds can be directed with or against the wave propagation. It is straightforward that wave properties close to the shore are modified under different wind conditions (Xie 2017). Numerical and experimental studies on wave-wind interaction near the coast and in presence of obstacles exist but are still scarce (Medina 2001). The present research is an experimental study of the perturbation produced by an air flow over waves in shallow waters and interacting with sloped obstacles. Well-known phenomena such as wave braking, steepening and run-up are revisited under wave-wind conditions.
RECOVERY OF SURFACE WAVES FROM BOTTOM PRESSURE BY NEURAL NETWORK WITH BISPECTRUM
Authors: Yoshino Hiyori , Hashimoto Noriaki , Ide Yoshihiko , Kawaguchi Koji , Mitsui Masao
Published: September 2023

The Nationwide Ocean Wave Information Network for Ports and Harbors (NOWPHAS) conducted by the Port and Harbor Bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) in Japan, uses a Doppler Wave Meter (DWM) as a standard equipment for wave observation. Depending on the situation, the system supplements the missing data by estimating surface waves based on water pressure data as appropriate. Meanwhile, in the case of cargo handling in harbors, the significant wave height is generally used as a criterion. It has been reported that even under conditions where wave heights are considered calm, there are many cases where large ship motions occur, causing problems with cargo handling operations. Since large ship motions occur when the long-period wave component is close to characteristic period of the vibration system consisting of the hull and mooring cables, it is necessary to examine the frequency domain based on spectra instead of the significant wave height. Therefore, in this study, the frequency-domain analysis was used as the basis for the estimation of surface waves from bottom pressure waves. The transfer function that relates the two wave quantities is estimated to convert the pressure wave to a water surface wave. The purpose of this study is to develop a method for estimating surface waves that can be used not only during storms, but also for examining the marginal loading wave conditions for long period waves at all times.
APPLICABLE RANGE OF PERIODICAL WAVE THEORIES UPDATING LE MEHAUTE'S CHART
Authors: Zhao Kuifeng , Wang Yufei , Liu Philip L-F
Published: September 2023

Le Mehaute (1976)’s chart has been widely used in coastal engineering community because of its simplicity. However, there is a need to update this chart based on newly developed Stokes wave theory. This paper adopts Fenton (1999)’s 3rd order and 5th order cnoidal wave solution for updating the chart. Fenton’s 3rd order solution is applicable in the range between the two lines represented by m=0.5 and m=0.96. For higher m values (region above the red dot line), Fenton’s 5th order solution is applicable. Alternatively, Clamond (1999)’s solution can be considered.
UNRAVELING MULTIMODAL NEARSHORE WIND-WAVE FIELDS ON THE DUTCH SHOREFACE
Authors: Hoogervorst Christiaan D. , Antolínez José A. A. , Portilla-Yandún Jesús , Lavidas George , Tissier Marion , Aarninkhof Stefan
Published: September 2023

Changing (wind) climate might influence the magnitude, direction, and frequency of wave systems (Lobeto et al., 2021). However, in coastal engineering applications, generalized wave parameters are commonly used in climate change assessments with the risk of, for example, misrepresenting the nearshore transformation of wind-driven wave climates (Hegermiller et al., 2017). In consequence, these uncertainties in the nearshore (wind) climate will affect, amongst others, ship navigation, the implementation of marine renewable energy farms, the feasibility of coastal infrastructure and defences, or the efficiency of sandy coastal maintenance, and thus the decision-making of long-term, multidecadal coastal strategies (Rijksoverheid, 2013), especially when they are designed accounting for the Building with Nature concept (de Vriend et al., 2015). This study analyses the importance and application of considering multiple coexisting wave trains on the Dutch shoreface.
A 40 YEAR WAVE CLIMATOLOGY OF SOUTH EAST QUEENSLAND, USING MODELLED AND IN-SITU WAVE OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Andrews Elysia
Published: September 2023

Climate change has the potential to impact weather patterns that drive the Queensland wave climate and increase the intensity of extreme events such as tropical cyclones and east coast lows, due to a widening of the tropics. This will likely result in a changing wave climate, an increase of erosion events and subsequent coastal morphological change throughout the subtropics. Thus, it is important to examine not only the modal wave climate, but also the extreme wave climate. While a number of hind-cast models have been used to assess global wave climates (Perez et al. 2017), there has been an identified lack of regional assessments. Wave climatology assessments for the SEQ region, have consisted of several point specific assessments undertaken predominantly using buoy data, hind-cast data, or visual daily observations. These studies generally agree that tropical cyclone and east coast lows are the dominant source of high energy sea states and beach erosion in SEQ. A 40 year numerical wave hind-cast has been developed using the WaveWatch III (WW3) model version 4.08 (Durrant et al. 2013a, 2013b).
ARE REDUCED-SCALE EXPERIMENTS OF WAVE DAMPING BY VEGETATION SUITABLE FOR ENGINEERING WITH NATURE?
Authors: Cox Daniel , Kelty Kiernan , Lomonaco Pedro , Tomiczek Tori , Ostrow Kayla
Published: September 2023

Wave damping by vegetation has been included in many numerical models for coastal engineering primarily through a parameterized expression for the wave height decay following Mendez and Losada (2004). CD is an empirical coefficient often derived from reduced-scale laboratory experiments in which alpha is measured directly. Multiple values of CD can be determined from a series of tests and CD is often given as a function of the Reynolds number, Re. These empirical relations for CD are subsequently used along with the vegetation and wave properties to estimate the wave damping rate in numerical models. Although CD has been shown to have a Reynolds-dependence, it is well known that Reynolds similitude cannot be held between model and prototype when Froude similitude is applied. This disparity raises a fundamental scaling issue to be explored in this paper: Are drag coefficients obtained by reduced-scale experiments of wave damping by vegetation suitable for engineering design?
COMPUTATIONALLY EFFICIENT TROPICAL CYCLONE PARAMETRIC WIND-WAVE MODEL
Authors: Grossmann-Matheson Guisela , Young Ian , Alves Jose-Henrique , Meucci Alberto
Published: September 2023

Waves generated by tropical cyclones (TCs) can cause damage to offshore structures and coastal settlements and play an important role in the design criteria for engineering projects, risk assessments and insurance purposes. Developing a rapid and simple way to estimate the wave heights associated with TCs has both a social and an economical advantage. The present study aims to develop a parametric TC wave prediction model, based on data generated by numerous simulations with a validated version of the WAVEWATCH III (WW3) spectral wave model (WW3DG, 2019).
A transferência de valor no capitalismo dependente brasileiro do século XXI
Authors: Breda Diógenes Moura , Rocha Marco Antônio Martins da
Published: September 2023

O artigo busca recuperar a categoria transferência de valor, central na teoria marxista da dependência. Esta recuperação se realiza por meio de uma revisão crítica das contribuições sobre o tema e através da medição dos fluxos de transferência do Brasil para o exterior durante os anos de 2003-2015. Os dados mostram que até 2011 houve uma queda nas transferências, devido ao aumento da quantidade e do preço das exportações, lançando as bases para uma relativa contenção da superexploração. Com a inversão do ciclo econômico, observa-se um aumento nas transferências, sendo esse um dos elementos que explicam a crise política que se abre a partir de 2013.
O Estado latino-americano: teoria e história [Leonardo Granato]
Authors: Logatto Thiago
Published: September 2023

Resenha do livro O Estado latino-americano: teoria e história, de Leonardo Granato (Expressão Popular, 2021)
Os desdobramentos da lei 13.415/2017 na formação da juventude brasileira
Authors: Santos Layslândia de Souza , Santos José Deribaldo Gomes dos , Santos Lailton de Souza
Published: September 2023

O presente artigo de caráter teórico, bibliográfico e documental tem como foco analisar os desdobramentos da Lei 13.415/2017 na formação da juventude brasileira. A nossa análise está ancorada nos pressupostos do materialismo histórico dialético, pois entendemos este como o método capaz de possibilitar compreender os fatos para além da aparência fenomênica da realidade. As reformas educacionais sempre terão maior peso, na balança ideológica, para o lado da manutenção da existência de duas classes distintas, mas interdependentes. Não é distinto com a Lei n. 13.415/2017, pois sua intenção é a reformulação do aparato educativo, especialmente o Ensino Médio, para as necessidades do capitalismo em crise profunda.
A Call to Increase Health Data Availability in US Territories—Not Too Small to Count
Authors: Marie McSorley Anna-Michelle , Wheatley Alex , Pagán José A.
Published: September 2023

This Viewpoint discusses gaps in collection systems for health care data in US territories.
Season of Conception and Risk of Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Zhuo Haoran , Ritz Beate , Warren Joshua L. , Liew Zeyan
Published: September 2023

Importance

Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most prevalent neuromotor disability in childhood, but for most cases the etiology remains unexplained. Seasonal variation in the conception of CP may provide clues for their potential etiological risk factors that vary across seasons.

Objective

To evaluate whether the month or season of conception is associated with CP occurrence.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This statewide cohort study examined more than 4 million live births that were registered in the California birth records during 2007 to 2015 and were linked to CP diagnostic records (up to year 2021). Statistical analyses were conducted between March 2022 and January 2023.

Exposures

The month and season of conception were estimated based on the child’s date of birth and the length of gestation recorded in the California birth records.

Main Outcomes and Measures

CP status was ascertained from the diagnostic records obtained from the Department of Developmental Services in California. Poisson regression was used to estimate the relative risk (RR) and 95% CI for CP according to the month or the season of conception, adjusting for maternal- and neighborhood-level factors. Stratified analyses were conducted by child’s sex and neighborhood social vulnerability measures, and the mediating role of preterm birth was evaluated.

Results

Records of 4 468 109 children (51.2% male; maternal age: 28.3% aged 19 to 25 years, 27.5% aged 26 to 30 years; maternal race and ethnicity: 5.6% African American or Black, 13.5% Asian, 49.8% Hispanic or Latinx of any race, and 28.3% non-Hispanic White) and 4697 with CP (55.1% male; maternal age: 28.3% aged 19 to 25 years, 26.0% aged 26 to 30 years; maternal race and ethnicity: 8.3% African American or Black, 8.6% Asian, 54.3% Hispanic or Latinx of any race, and 25.8% non-Hispanic White) were analyzed. Children conceived in winter (January to March) or spring (April to June) were associated with a 9% to 10% increased risk of CP (winter: RR, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.01-1.19]; spring: RR, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.02-1.20]) compared with summer (July to September) conceptions. Analyses for specific months showed similar results with children conceived in January, February, and May being at higher risk of CP. The associations were slightly stronger for mothers who lived in neighborhoods with a high social vulnerability index, but no child sex differences were observed. Only a small portion of the estimated association was mediated through preterm birth.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study in California, children conceived in winter and spring had a small increase in CP risk. These findings suggest that seasonally varying environmental factors should be considered in the etiological research of CP.
Gentrification as a Factor in the Incidence of Firearm Injuries
Authors: Spitzer Sarabeth A. , Vail Daniel G. , Heindel Patrick , Dey Tanujit , Cooper Zara , Salim Ali , Jarman Molly P.
Published: September 2023

Importance

Firearm injuries are an epidemic in the US; more than 45 000 fatal injuries were recorded in 2020 alone. Gaining a deeper understanding of socioeconomic factors that may contribute to increasing firearm injury rates is critical to prevent future injuries.

Objective

To explore whether neighborhood gentrification is associated with firearm injury incidence rates over time.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study used nationwide, urban US Census tract–level data on gentrification between 2010 and 2019 and firearm injuries data collected between 2014 and 2019. All urban Census tracts, as defined by Rural Urban Commuting Area codes 1 to 3, were included in the analysis, for a total of 59 379 tracts examined from 2014 through 2019. Data were analyzed from January 2022 through April 2023.

Exposure

Gentrification, defined to be an area in a central city neighborhood with median housing prices appreciating over the median regional value and a median household income at or below the 40th percentile of the median regional household income and continuing for at least 2 consecutive years.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The number of firearm injuries, controlling for Census tract population characteristics.

Results

A total of 59 379 urban Census tracts were evaluated for gentrification; of these tracts, 14 125 (23.8%) were identified as gentrifying, involving approximately 57 million residents annually. The firearm injury incidence rate for gentrifying neighborhoods was 62% higher than the incidence rate in nongentrifying neighborhoods with similar sociodemographic characteristics (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.62; 95% CI, 1.56-1.69). In a multivariable analysis, firearm injury incidence rates increased by 57% per year for low-income Census tracts that did not gentrify (IRR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.56-1.58), 42% per year for high-income tracts that did not gentrify (IRR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.41-1.43), and 49% per year for gentrifying tracts (IRR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.48-1.50). Neighborhoods undergoing the gentrification process experienced an additional 26% increase in firearm injury incidence above baseline increase experienced in neighborhoods not undergoing gentrification (IRR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.23-1.30).

Conclusions and Relevance

Results of this study suggest that gentrification is associated with an increase in the incidence of firearm injuries within gentrifying neighborhoods. Social disruption and residential displacement associated with gentrification may help explain this finding, although future research is needed to evaluate the underlying mechanisms. These findings support use of targeted firearm prevention interventions in communities experiencing gentrification.
El Tapiz de Identitades: Counterstories of Latinx working‐learner re‐entry students at a community college
Authors: Peña Elizabeth , Salazar Cinthya
Published: September 2023

In this qualitative study, through a testimonio methodology, we examined the working‐learner re‐entry experiences of eight Latinx students enrolled at a community college. In particular, we studied how their multiple identities influenced their educational journey as they attempted to complete their college degrees. Our findings show that the shared identities of being Latinx, low‐income, and first‐generation college students were not as salient as the working‐learner and familial roles they carried during their subsequent attempts in college. Because Latinx students represent a significant portion of noncompleters, especially in the community college, an investigation of their counterstories is vital to furthering understanding of working‐learner re‐entry students in the United States. In this article, we conclude with implications for policy and practice.
Quality assessment of automatically planned O‐Ring linac SBRT plans for pelvic lymph node metastases, finding the optimal minimum target size by comparison with robotic SBRT
Authors: Hernández Katerine Viviana Díaz , Unterkirhers Sergejs , Schneider Uwe
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to assess the quality of automatic planned O‐Ring Halcyon linac SBRT plans for pelvic lymph node metastases and to establish an absolute PTV volume threshold as a plan quality prediction criterion. Compliance of the plans to institutional SBRT plan evaluation criteria and differences in plan quality and treatment delivery times between Halcyon Linac and CyberKnife robotic SBRT were evaluated.

Methods

Twenty‐one CyberKnife treatment plans were replanned for Halcyon. Prescription doses range was 26–40 Gy in mean three fractions. The mean/median planning target volume was 4.0/3.6 cm3. Institutional criteria for the plan evaluation were: New Conformity Index (NCI), Conformity Index (CI), Modified Gradient Index (MGI), selectivity index reciprocal (PIV/TVPIV), and the target coverage by prescription isodose (%PIV). Statistical analysis based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine a plan quality predictor threshold of the PTV volume. Comparative analysis of normal tissue complication probabilities (NTCP) was used to assess the risk of toxicity in healthy tissues.

Results

Seventy‐one percent (n = 15)/95% (n = 20) of Halcyon and 81% (n = 17)/100% (n = 21) of CK plans fulfilled all ideal/tolerance criteria. For PTVs above a found optimal threshold of 2.6 cm3 (71%, n = 15), no statistically significant difference was observed between the CI, NCI, PIV/TVPIV, and MGI indexes of both groups, while the coverage (%PIV) was statistically but not clinically significantly different between cohorts. Significantly shorter delivery times are expected with Halcyon. No significant differences in NTCP were observed.

Conclusion

All but one automatically optimized Halcyon treatment plans demonstrated ideal or acceptable performance. PTV threshold of 2.6 cm3 can be used as decision criteria in clinical settings. The results of our study demonstrated the promising performance of the Halcyon for pelvic SBRT, although plan‐specific QA is required to verify machine performance during plan delivery.
Thermally Insulating and Moisture‐Resilient Foams Based on Upcycled Aramid Nanofibers and Nanocellulose
Authors: Di Andi , Schiele Carina , Hadi Seyed Ehsan , Bergström Lennart
Published: September 2023

Low‐density foams and aerogels based on upcycled and bio‐based nanofibers and additives are promising alternatives to fossil‐based thermal insulation materials. Super‐insulating foams are prepared from upcycled acid‐treated aramid nanofibers (upANFA) obtained from Kevlar yarn and tempo‐oxidized cellulose nanofibers (CNF) from wood. The ice‐templated hybrid upANFA/CNF‐based foams with an upANFA content of up to 40 wt% display high thermal stability and a very low thermal conductivity of 18–23 mW m−1 K−1 perpendicular to the aligned nanofibrils over a wide relative humidity (RH) range of 20% to 80%. The thermal conductivity of the hybrid upANFA/CNF foams is found to decrease with increasing upANFA content (5–20 wt%). The super‐insulating properties of the CNF‐upANFA hybrid foams are related to the low density of the foams and the strong interfacial phonon scattering between the very thin and partially branched upANFA and CNF in the hybrid foam walls. Defibrillated nanofibers from textiles are not limited to Kevlar, and this study can hopefully inspire efforts to upcycle textile waste into high‐performance products.
The Key Role of Molecular Packing in Luminescence Property: From Adjacent Molecules to Molecular Aggregates
Authors: Liao Qiuyan , Li Qianqian , Li Zhen
Published: September 2023

The luminescence materials act as the key components in many functional devices, as well as the detection and imaging systems, which can be permeated in each aspect of modern life, and attract more and more attention for the creative technology and applications. In addition to the diverse properties of organic luminogens, the multiple molecular packing at aggregated states frequently offers new and/or exciting performance. However, there still lacks comprehensive analysis of molecular packing in these organic materials, resulting in an increased gap between molecular design and practical applications. In this review, from the basic knowledge of organic compounds as single molecules, to the discernable property of excimer, charge transfer (CT) complex or self‐assembly systems by adjacent molecules, and finally to the opto‐electronic performance of molecular aggregates, the relevant factors to molecular packing and practical applications are discussed.
Sugar‐Based Electroless Copper Deposition on Pectin‐Coated Alumina Microparticles
Authors: Mielewczyk Lukas , Liebscher Virginia , Grothe Julia , Kaskel Stefan
Published: September 2023

A novel approach for fabricating copper‐coated alumina microparticles utilizing a pectin‐based coating subsequently followed by electroless deposition is reported. The biopolymer pectin is modified with phosphate groups covalently binding to the particle surface, while the polymer itself promotes the formation of metal centers on the surface due to the high affinity to metal cations. The sugar‐based (galactose, xylose, and glucose) electroless plating process in combination with an organic‐based treatment ensures a homogeneous metal coating method. As a benefit, precious metal activation of alumina particles and hazardous reducing agents typically employed are not required, creating a low‐cost and sustainable process. Metal plated micro particles show a uniform and homogeneous coating rendering them as ideal additives for application in metal matrix composites. These ceramic metal composites can be used in a wide range of applications where high‐strength metal components are needed.
Contact Electrification at Dielectric Polymer Interfaces: On Bond Scission, Material Transfer, and Electron Transfer
Authors: Verners Osvalds , Lapčinskis Linards , Sherrell Peter C. , Šutka Andris
Published: September 2023

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are revolutionizing mechanical‐to‐electrical energy harvesting. TENGs harvest energy through the polymer–polymer contact electrification (PCE) mechanism, driven by nanoscale processes at the contact interface. Currently, when discussing PCE there are two distinct schools of thought on which nanoscale interactions drive charging at the contact interface; 1) electron transfer, where orbital overlap leads to charge tunneling between polymers; or 2) mass (material) transfer, where polymer chain entanglement and intermolecular bonding leads to heterolytic bond scission. Here, a combination of in silico and benchtop experiments is used to elucidate the relative role of electron and mass transfer in PCE. In silico experiments show that covalent bond scission in a polymethylmethacrylate/polytetrafluoroethylene system occurs at 348 kcal mol−1, prior to electron cloud overlap, where the highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the system remain separated by 163 kcal mol−1. Benchtop experiments show PCE‐generated charges cannot be simply discharged via electrical grounding, indicating the formation of bound surface charge from mass transfer. The calculations and contact‐electrification tests provide strong evidence to support mass transfer being the leading mechanism driving PCE.
3R Batteries: Resilient, Repairable, and Recyclable Based on Liquid Gallium Electrode
Authors: Parvini Elahe , Hajalilou Abdollah , Lopes Pedro Alhais , Silva André F. , Tiago Miguel Soares Maranha , Fernandes Pedro Miguel Patrício , de Almeida Anibal T. , Tavakoli Mahmoud
Published: September 2023

Billions of disposable thin‐film electronics will be produced annually in the near future, for applications in smart packaging, IoT, and wearable biomonitoring patches. For these cases, traditional rigid batteries are not optimal neither in terms of form and ergonomics nor ecological aspects. There is an urgent need for a new class of energy storage devices that are thin, stretchable, resilient, and recyclable. Herein, a novel architecture of materials and fabrication techniques is presented that permit a fully 3D printed soft‐matter thin‐film battery that is Resilient to mechanical strain, Repairable if cut, Rechargeable, and Recyclable at the end of its life. By taking advantage of a digitally printable ultra‐stretchable liquid metal‐based current collector and a novel Gallium‐Carbon anode electrode, the Ag2O‐Gallium battery is rapidly printed and customized per application. By optimizing the properties of the Gallium‐Carbon composite, a record‐breaking areal capacity of 26.37 mAh cm−2 is obtained, which improves after 10 cycles at 100% strain to 30.32 mAh cm−2, and an unprecedented maximum strain tolerance of ≈200%. Partially damaged batteries heal themselves. Severely damaged batteries are healed through innovative cold‐vapor stimulation. An example of a digitally printed, taylor‐made battery‐on‐the‐board health‐monitoring patch with printed sensors for monitoring the heart, and respiration is demonstrated.
Regioselective Construction of Indolylated Cyclic Tetrasubstituted Carbon Centers through Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Dearomative Skeletal Rearrangement of Azofurans
Authors: Zhang Yin , Bao An‐Qi , Wu Ming , Rao Qian , Tu Man‐Su , Hao Wen‐Juan , Jiang Bo
Published: September 2023

A Brønsted acid‐catalyzed dearomative skeletal rearrangement of azofurans with indoles is reported, enabling a regioselective 1,6‐addition, ring‐opening and 1,4‐addition cascade to produce 26 examples of indolylated pyrrol‐2‐ones with a cyclic tetrasubstituted stereocenter in 58–94% yields. This protocol demonstrates remarkable compatibility regarding azofurans and indoles with different substitution patterns, featuring complete regioselectivity.
Development Aramid Nanofiber‐ and Pentaerythritol‐Grafted Graphene Nanoplate‐Based High‐Performance Thermally Conductive Composites
Authors: Lee Wondu , Yang Wonyoung , Kim Jooheon
Published: September 2023

A novel filler surface treatment is employed to produce thermally conductive composites using an aramid nanofiber (ANF) and pentaerythritol (PER) grafted onto the surface of graphite nanoplates (GnP). The resulting composite exhibits exceptional properties, including a high through‐plane thermal conductivity of 4 W mK−1, a high tensile strength of 163.58 MPa, and an improved flame retardancy. When the composite is applicated in central processing unit (CPU), the efficient thermal management performance is achieved with a decreased operating temperature of 12 °C. The ANF/GnP–PERANF composites are promising for enhancing thermal management in electric devices. The manufactured ANF composites will open new avenues for advancing the development of next‐generation thermal management systems.
Risk of cognitive decline progression is associated to increased blood‐brain‐barrier permeability: A longitudinal study in a memory unit clinical cohort
Authors: Puig‐Pijoan Albert , Jimenez‐Balado Joan , Fernández‐Lebrero Aida , García‐Escobar Greta , Navalpotro‐Gómez Irene , Contador Jose , Manero‐Borràs Rosa‐María , Puente‐Periz Victor , Suárez Antoni , Muñoz Francisco J. , Grau‐Rivera Oriol , Suárez‐Calvet Marc , de la Torre Rafael , Roquer Jaume , Ois Angel
Published: September 2023

INTRODUCTION

This study examined the relationship between blood‐brain‐barrier permeability (BBBp), measured by cerebrospinal fluid/serum albumin ratio (QAlb), and cognitive decline progression in a clinical cohort.

METHODS

This prospective observational study included 334 participants from the BIODEGMAR cohort. Cognitive decline progression was defined as an increase in Global Deterioration Scale and/or Clinical Dementia Rating scores. Associations between BBBp, demographics, and clinical factors were explored.

RESULTS

Male sex, diabetes mellitus, and cerebrovascular burden were associated with increased log‐QAlb. Vascular cognitive impairment patients had the highest log‐QAlb levels. Among the 273 participants with valid follow‐up data, 154 (56.4%) showed cognitive decline progression. An 8% increase in the hazard of clinical worsening was observed for each 10% increase in log‐QAlb.

DISCUSSION

These results suggest that increased BBBp in individuals with cognitive decline may contribute to clinical worsening, pointing to potential targeted therapies. QAlb could be a useful biomarker for identifying patients with a worse prognosis.
Hypercoordination by Multiple Dangling Benzylmethoxy Ligands in Highly Crowded Triaryltin Bromide [(2‐MeOCH2C6H4)]3SnBr and Diaryltin Mixed Halides [(2‐MeOCH2C6H4)]2SnBrCl, and a related Distannane and Distannoxane
Authors: van den Bogaard Henk S. , Sharma Hemant K. , Mettta‐Magaña Alejandro , Pannell Keith H.
Published: September 2023

The reaction between the Grignard reagent formed from Mg and 2‐bromobenzylmethyl ether and SnCl4 produced four products: [2‐(MeOCH2)C6H4]3SnBr (1), [2‐(MeOCH2)C6H4]2SnX2 (2, X2=Br2 (a) and BrCl (b)), [{2‐(MeOCH2)C6H4}3Sn]2 (3), and [{2‐(MeOCH2)C6H4}2SnBr]2O (4). In the case of 1, two of the three dangling arm O atoms coordinate to the central tin atom with O−Sn internuclear distances of 2.53 (O1) and 2.91 (O2) Å, the shorter interaction being trans to the Br atom, the other trans to a phenyl carbon atom. In the case of 2a the resulting hexacoordinate structure exhibits two very short O−Sn interactions of 2.42 and 2.50 Å, well below the sum of the VdW radii of O and Sn, 3.69 Å. The sterically crowded ditin compound 3 was obtained in trace amounts and the structure demonstrates no dangling O−Sn interactions. General changes in structure compared to other distannane systems are reflective of the great steric crowding. Distannoxane 4, has a Sn−O−Sn bond angle of 148.1(2)° which is larger compared to other distannoxane structures. The intermolecular interactions between Sn−O 2.470(3) and 2.521(3)Å and 2.665(3) and 2.629(3)Å for Sn1 and Sn2 respectively are responsible for a distorted octahedral geometry around the two tin atoms. The various 119Sn, 13C and 1H NMR spectra are in accord with their structural analysis for 1 and 2, and in the solid state 13C NMR spectrum of 1 the dangling methylene group is observable whereas is solution there is a rapid dynamic equilibrium resulting in a single resonance for all methylene groups.
Paternal age and risk for selected birth defects in a large South American sample
Authors: Gili Juan A. , Rittler Monica , Heisecke Silvina , Campaña Hebe , Giménez Lucas , Santos María Rita , Ratowiecki Julia , Cosentino Viviana , López Camelo Jorge , Poletta Fernando A.
Published: September 2023

Background

The relationship between maternal age (MA) and birth defects (BD) has been extensively studied while much less research, mostly with discordant results, has focused on the risk of paternal age (PA) for BD. Furthermore, no consensus has been reached on the best way to control the association of PA with MA.

Objectives

The aim of the study was to evaluate the risk of PA increase, at 1‐year intervals, for selected BD, especially controlling for the confounding effect of MA.

Methods

The sample comprised of 27,944 liveborns presenting 1 of 18 selected isolated BD. Conditional logistic regressions were applied to evaluate the risk of advanced PA and its yearly increase, adjusting by MA and other variables.

Results

Of the 18 analyzed BD, only the risk for preaxial polydactyly (PreP) showed a significant association with increasing PA, while advanced MA was of low risk. For esophageal and anal atresia, associations with both PA and MA increases were observed.

Conclusions

Results support the hypothesis of advanced PA as a risk factor for PreP and helps clarify the so far unexplained nonrandom association between this defect and Down syndrome.
Exploring how consumer cooperatives might strategically incorporate social media to distribute wine
Authors: Pelet Jean‐Éric , Taieb Basma , Lecat Benoît , Terblanche Nic S. , Alkhudary Rami
Published: September 2023

This research advances our understanding of disruptions to marketing channels in the digital world by investigating the viability of consumer cooperative systems which are envisioned as multi‐actor constructed networks using social media (SM) platforms. It introduces the concepts of “social media consumer wine cooperator” as a new distribution channel for wine and investigates the consumer's intention to participate in an SM and become a wine cooperator. Relying on the uses and gratifications theory (UGT), we adopted a quantitative research inquiry with data gathered using an online survey involving a sample of 486 French consumers. We empirically tested the relationships among four factors: attitude toward buying wine based on SM recommendations, perceived risks, intention to buy wine on SM, and consumer intention to become an SM wine cooperator. Findings indicate that the intention to be an SM wine cooperator is positively correlated with attitude toward buying wine based on SM recommendations and the intention to purchase wine on SM. To finish with, we link the concept of the consumer wine co‐op to the current debate in the literature on centralized versus decentralized (built on top of blockchain networks) social media platforms, opening the door for future research avenues.
Use of ropeginterferon in inducing graft versus myelofibrosis effect in post‐transplant myelofibrosis relapse
Authors: Srivastava Barnali , Wolschke Christine , Gagelmann Nico , Badbaran Anita , Kröger Nicolaus
Published: September 2023

Key Clinical Message

Here, we describe a patient with post‐transplant myelofibrosis with chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD), who showed successful molecular remission with ropeginterferon with 100% donor chimerism without any flare up of GVHD. He was initially diagnosed with polycythemia vera (PV) which progressed to myelofibrosis after 6 years. The MYSEC (Myelofibrosis Secondary to PV and ET‐Prognostic Model) and MTSS (myelofibrosis transplant scoring system) scores were 13.1 and 4, respectively, and the patient was in intermediate risk group. He underwent an allogenic stem cell transplant; however, his disease gradually progressed and was administered two donor lymphocyte infusions with minimal response. A second allogeneic transplant was performed, which led to a persistent molecular remission for more than a decade, although he developed chronic skin graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD). The JAK2 V617F levels started to increase 10 years post‐transplant with ongoing chronic GVHD and a corresponding decrease in donor chimerism levels. He was administered ropeginterferon, which led to a decrease in JAK 2617F to undetectable levels. A graft versus myelofibrosis effect was attained with reversal to 100% donor chimerism, and he has since maintained a molecular remission with undetectable JAK 2617F levels. Chronic GVHD made him ineligible for donor lymphocyte infusions later. Thus, ropeginterferon was successful in inducing graft versus myelofibrosis effect, leading to a molecular response with no flare up of GVHD. The use of ropeginterferon needs to be further evaluated in larger cohorts of post‐transplant myelofibrosis patients.
Green synthesis of (S)‐1‐(furan‐2‐yl)propan‐1‐ol from asymmetric bioreduction of 1‐(furan‐2‐yl)propan‐1‐one using whole‐cell of Lactobacillus paracasei BD101
Authors: Bülbül Ali Savaş , Şahin Engin
Published: September 2023

Chiral heterocyclic alcohols are important precursors for production of pharmaceutical medicines and natural products. (S)‐1‐(furan‐2‐yl)propan‐1‐ol ((S)‐2) can be used production of pyranone, which can be used in the synthesis of sugar analogues, antibiotics, tirantamycines, and anticancer drugs. The synthetic approaches for (S)‐2, however, have substantial difficulties in terms of inadequate enantiomeric excess (ee) and gram scale synthesis. Moreover, the biocatalytic synthesis of (S)‐2 is unknown until now. In this study, the synthesis of (S)‐2 was carried out by performing the asymmetric bioreduction of 1‐(furan‐2‐yl)propan‐1‐one (1) using the Lactobacillus paracasei BD101 biocatalyst obtained from boza, a grain‐based fermented beverage. (S)‐2 was obtained with >99% conversion, >99% ee, and 96% yield under the optimized conditions. Furthermore, in 50 h, 8.37 g of 1 was entirely transformed into (S)‐2 on gram scale (96% isolated yield, 8.11 g). This is the first report on the high‐gram scale biocatalyzed synthesis of enantiopure (S)‐2. These data suggest that L. paracasei BD101 can be used to bioreduction of 1 in gram scale and efficiently produce (S)‐2. Furthermore, these findings laid the base for future study into the biocatalytic production of (S)‐2. It was particularly notable as it was the highest known to date optical purity of (S)‐2 generated by asymmetric reduction using a biocatalyst. This work offers a productive environmentally friendly method for producing (S)‐2 using biocatalysts.
Metal Recycling via Biohydrometallurgy
Authors: Hedrich Sabrina , Fritze Mareike , Schippers Axel
Published: September 2023

Die Biohydrometallurgie als Teilgebiet der Hydrometallurgie macht sich spezielle Stoffwechselleistungen von Mikroorganismen zur Metallgewinnung zu nutze. Biomining ist die angewandte Biolaugung zur Metallgewinnung aus sulfidischen Erzen. Für das Recycling, also die Metallgewinnung aus Abfall und Reststoffen, gibt es bisher noch keine angewandten biohydrometallurgischen Verfahren, aber vielversprechende Laborversuche zur Metallextraktion aus Feststoffen. In diesem Übersichtsartikel werden diese zusammenfassend dargestellt und Perspektiven aufgezeigt.
Extractive denitrogenization of liquid model fuel using polyethylene glycol methyl ether 350
Authors: Solov'ev Vitaliy O. , Solov'eva Svetlana V. , Zakhodyaeva Yulia A. , Voshkin Andrey A.
Published: September 2023

In the present study, we studied the effectiveness of the water‐soluble polymer polyethylene glycol methyl ether 350 (PEG ME‐350) on the extraction of nitrogen‐containing heterocyclic compounds—quinoline and indole—from n‐hexane. The dependences of the quantitative characteristics of the extraction of N‐compounds on the contact time of the phases, the content of PEG ME‐350 in the n‐hexane–water system, the initial concentration of nitrogen‐containing heterocyclic compounds in the organic phase, and the volumetric ratio of the phases were obtained. It has been established that PEG ME‐350 is an effective extractant in the process of stepwise extraction of quinoline and indole, and the mechanisms of their extraction have also been proposed and proven. The results can be further used in the purification of light hydrocarbon fractions from nitrogen‐containing heterocyclic compounds.
Cancer hygiene hypothesis: A test from wild captive mammals
Authors: Dujon Antoine M. , Jeanjean Jérémy , Vincze Orsolya , Giraudeau Mathieu , Lemaître Jean‐François , Pujol Pascal , Ujvari Beata , Thomas Frédéric
Published: September 2023

The hygiene hypothesis, according to which the recent reduction of exposure to infectious agents in the human species would be the origin of various diseases, including autoimmune diseases and cancer, has often been proposed but not properly tested on animals. Here, we evaluated the relevance of this hypothesis to cancer risk in mammals in an original way, namely by using information on zoo mammals. We predicted that a higher richness of parasitic cohorts in the species' natural habitat would result in a greater occurrence of evolutionary mismatch due to the reduction of parasites in captive conditions. This, in turn, could contribute to an increased risk of developing lethal cancers. Using a comparative analysis of 112 mammalian species, we explored the potential relationship between cancer risk and parasite species richness using generalized phylogenetic least squares regressions to relate parasite species richness to cancer risk data. We found no strong evidence that parasite species richness increased cancer risk in zoo mammals for any of the parasite groups we tested. Without constituting definitive proof of the irrelevance of the hygienic hypothesis, our comparative study using zoo mammals does not support it, at least with respect to cancer risks.