bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Ethic Discourse in the Sustainability of Architecture
Authors: Salman Abdullah Saadoon , Jasem Aseel Jafer , Hadi Nibras Mohammad
Published: June 2019

Ethics is related to human life in all its aspects, architecture is one of the most important fields of human life that affect and be affected, so studies must be exposed to the subject of the ethics of architecture in all its concepts and dimensions so that architecture can build its ethic constitution with a base of values and principles. After adopting unbalanced consumption pattern In dealing with available resource leaving environmental crises, people interested in humanitarian, environmental issues called for adopting a sustainable alternative development model that aims to achieve harmony between the developmental goals and sustainability of the environment, the sustainability concept of ethical values and importance of a discourse as a channel for communicating ideas and expressing them, made research adopting the concept of ethic discourse and its impact in the sustainability of architecture to show its importance. The problem of the research is that there is no clear cognitive perception about the role of the concept of ethic discourse in the sustainability of architecture and its elements, components. The aim of the research is to present a conceptual model for sustainable ethical discourse in architecture to produce a valuable architecture that will help build a society of human architecture with an ethic dimension.
The Role of Environmental Indicators in Improving the Quality of Urban Life in the City of Baghdad–A Comparative Study
Authors: Zumaya Jakleen Q , Motlak Jamal B
Published: June 2019

The growing interest in concepts such as quality of life, environmental quality and indicators of urban life, has become a feature of contemporary urban communities. Quality of life is a concept that has multiple dimensions and components. Sustainable development ultimately aims at achieving a better quality of life, for present and future generations as a supreme goal. Therefore, enhancing the urban quality of life require the integration of the social, economic, physical and environmental domains in order to maintain a healthy and livable environment. Hence, the present research will focus on the role of the environmental indicators in improving the urban quality of life. The research aims at coming up with measuring the indicators-objective and subjective-to assess the level of the quality of urban life in Baghdad city via the indicators of the urban environmental quality. This has been carried out by identifying the contrasted spatial dimensions of the city for the purpose of making a comparison between the two urban models under investigation, namely, Al-Muthana district and Al-Sadr district. The research has required carrying out field surveys that are needed to collect data by adopting a proposed questionnaire for residents, using face-to-face interviews as well as collecting information from second sources. The research has adopted the descriptive analysis approach and comparative quantitative analysis depending on some appropriate methods and tools of statistical analysis. The research has concluded that the urban environmental quality indicators are substantially different in the two areas under study in favor of Al-Muthana district area, and they are associated with the perceived quality of urban life.
The effect of external helical ribs tube on the heat transfer and pressure drop performance for multi - tube heat exchanger
Authors: Talib Ruaa N. , Yasin Nabil J. , Nasser Mohammed A.
Published: June 2019

The pressure drop and heat transfer characteristic for cross flow of turbulent air over helical rectangular ribs tubes heat exchanger were studied experimentally and numerically. The study includes the design and manufacturing of four models of multi-tube heat exchangers. Each model has three tubes in a line arrangement. Experiments were performed for Reynolds number range from (7200–31400) using different rib pitch to diameter ratios (P/D = 1.3, 1.5 and 1.8) with different ribs pitch angles. The height to diameter ratio of rib (h/D = 0.05) and width to diameter ratio is (w/D = 2) were fixed. The water flows with different rates inside the tubes with a range of (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7) L/min. Three values for the inlet water temperatures to test tube were used. In the present numerical part, commercial software ANSYS Fluent 16.2 was employed to determine the heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop for the different models of cross flow heat exchangers. The results declared that the average Nusselt number and Pressure drop of the corrugated model has a relatively high different from that of the smooth models. In addition, the experimental and numerical were compared and gave a good agreement between them.
Effect of Shot Peening and Solidification on Fatigue Properties of Epoxy Base Composite Material
Authors: Abdul-Kareem Hamza Salah , Abdulla Fadhel Abbas , Abdulrazzaq Mohammed Abdulraoof
Published: June 2019

This work evaluated experimentally the fatigue stress behavior of two types of composite material (SIR-epoxy resin with woven E-glass fiber as reinforcement and SIR-epoxy resin with random E-glass fiber as reinforcement) subjected to shot peening (2, 4 and 6 min) through three different times of solidification of samples (two, four and six days). The results show that, for woven reinforced composite, the great improvement in fatigue stress was obtained at both two and six days of solidification with (2, 4 and 6) min of shot peening times (SPTs) in which the percentage of the maximum enhancement was 59.38% in fatigue stress (at two days of solidification and 6 min shot peening time). For random reinforced composite the great improvement of fatigue stress was obtained at two and six days of solidification with (2, 4 and 6) min of shot peening times (SPTs) in which the percentage of the maximum enhancement was 33.78% (at two days solidification and 6 min shot peening). After four days of solidification, increasing shot peening time will decrease the fatigue stress for both types of composite materials (woven reinforcement and random reinforcement) and the maximum decreases in fatigue stresses at 6 min of shot peening was -43.06% and -28.9% for woven composite and random composite respectively. The tensile test and the fatigue test were done after full solidification of all the patterns.
Hybrid Analytical Hierarchy Process and Continuous Improvement Methodology to Enhance Sustainability: A Case Study on a Beverages Industry
Authors: Ibrahim Mohammed Jalil , Mahdy Hussein F. , Jailawi Roaya M. , Kassir May George , Dawood Lamyaa Mohammed
Published: June 2019

Aims of sustainability in the industries are to create manufactured products, which use processes and practices that maximize profits, reduce waste, minimize resource use, minimize negative economic and environmental impacts, and are safe for consumers and employees. These aims can achieve through continuous improvement methodologies (CI). Therefore, CI have emerged as a major part of the sustainability answer. The purpose of this research is to investigate the application of hybrid methodology consist of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and continuous improvement methodology in the beverages industry, and to evaluate the impact of this methodology on sustainability. The proposed methodology framework consists of five steps (Identity, Measure, Analyze, Prioritize, and Implement). This research highlights some of the important elements that should be considered when using AHP and CI as a contributor toward greater environmental sustainability in the beverages industry. The results show that the main causes of waste relate to machines, materials and others cause. This paper present observations and experiences from the application of AHP and CI at a beverages industry, with the aim of bringing out pertinent factors and useful insights that help us to understand how AHP and CI can contribute toward greater sustainability in this industry type.
Engine performance and emission formation of a diesel engine fueled with biodiesel B15 at different injection timings
Authors: Aldhaidhawi M , Najee M , Mahboba Mohammad Hmid
Published: June 2019

Biodiesel could now be considered as an alternative fuel for compression ignition engines and it can be used directly or in blends with diesel without engine modification. Biodiesel is non-toxic, contains no aromatics is sulphur-free, biodegradable and an oxygenated and renewable fuel. In the present work, a numerical study was performed to determine the engine performance and exhaust gas emissions of a direct injection DI, four-cylinder, diesel engine by using pure diesel and biodiesel B15 fuel (15% sunflower oil mixed with 85% diesel, by volume) operating at different fuel injection timings. The results were acquired at engine speed 3000 rpm under full load conditions. A comparison between the numerical results and experimental data regarding the in-cylinder pressure was done in order to check the usefulness of this model. The results have shown that the engine performance of biodiesel B15 was slightly lower than that of pure diesel fuel. Concerning gas emissions; lower soot emission, higher NOx emissions of biodiesel B15 were obtained compared to those of diesel fuel at same operating conditions.
Influence of Powder Mixed EDM on the Surface Hardness of Die steel
Authors: Hameed Azzam Sabah , Hamdoon Farouk O. , Jafar Mohaned S.
Published: June 2019

Improving the surface hardness of molds after EDM is still being challenged by many researchers. In this research, an effort was made to enhance the surface hardness of die steel though adding metal powder to dielectric and optimization parameters of EDM. process factors are workpiece types, concentrations, powder types, and electrical variables of the machine. Taguchi’s method has been used to design experiment and the results have been analyzed by ANOVA. The influence of the factors on micro hardness was evaluated though the mean and signal to noise ratio(S/N) of micro hardness. The results showed that, the mixing of Mn powder with insulator fluid results in high micro-hardness compared with aluminum powder, mixed powder of aluminum and manganese, also with pure dielectric. The significant factors for micro-hardness is a powder type (Mn) and has more contribution 43%. The factors of pulse on time and concentration have no significant effect on hardness of mold surface.
Mechanical Properties of Tin-Based Babbitt Alloy using the Direct Extrusion technique
Authors: Zainulabdeen A A , Hashim F A , Assi S H
Published: June 2019

Tin Babbitt is an ideal journal bearing material, because of its microstructural properties, which qualifies these alloys as a bearing material. Effect of the Babbitt die casting (ASTM B23 Alloy 2) on its microstructure and the hardness properties were studied. The forward extrusion type was carried out using cosine profile and the five different reduction area such 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 40%. The results show that the refinement of hard phases of Cu6Sn5 and SbSn led to increasing the hardness value after casting, and after extrusion for all reduction percent, except reduction 40%, the dynamic recrystallization is dominant which led to hardness decrease. The result also shows that the extrusion pressure increases with increasing the reduction value. Moreover, cold deformation improved the hardness properties for Babbitt alloy by refinement of the Cu6Sn5 phase.
Numerical investigation of stress analysis of composite materials with various elasicity
Authors: Egab Karim , Bahrian Yaesin , Okab Abdullah , Khalil Yasir , Oudah Saad K. , Akanda Abdus
Published: June 2019

Composite materials have a widespread use in engineering applications and modern structures because of the qualified physical and mechanical properties. Therefore, study the structures of composite material becomes attractive and reserchers to obtain novel materials that qualified environment updates. In this study, the displacements and stress analysis of two-dimensional composite materials have different modulus of elasticity and mechanical properties have discussed. Finite difference method was used in this study where the model solved using Fortran 90. The results show that, the change in elasticity in one of the layers has significant effects on the displacements and stresses distributions of the layers of the composite. In addition, the influence of passion’s ratio with elasticity at the same time is discussed. They have important effect on the stress analysis. The results were in the acceptable limit which confirms the reliability of the finite difference method.
Effect of die geometry on thermal fatigue of tool steel in aluminium alloy die-casting
Authors: Ghusoon R M , Rawaa H M , Basim H A
Published: June 2019

In this paper, die geometry and its effect on the thermal wear of H13 steel was evaluated during aluminium die-casting. During the investigations, an innovative dipping testing device was used. The process involved a cyclic aluminium alloy-melting die and water-cooling process, which allows a dominated cycle of thermal fatigue. The H13 tool steel was first prepared with different end geometries before been subjected to the cyclic heating and cooling (in a water basin) processes. During the heating and cooling processes, the produced hardness profile, surface cracks, and the microstructure of the samples were regularly analysed after a predetermined number of cycles. The effect of the sample end geometry, sample thickness, material of the sample, and the dipping test parameters on the thermal stress was also investigated. From the metallographic investigation of the sample surface, the thermal fatigue resistance of the sample was observed to be enhanced due to the improved die steel protection from oxidation. Oxides can permeate cracks at the corrosion pits and cause the propagation of cracks through the production of a tensile stress from the increased oxide volume at the crack tip. The improved thermal fatigue resistance of the tool steel was contributed by the ductility and high yield strength of the tool steel.
Development product of a multi-layer solar distillation system connected to tubular solar collectors by using gravel
Authors: Abed Muntadher H. , Kassim Muna S , Saleh Fouad A.
Published: June 2019

Solar distillation occurs within a device called the (solar still). There are many types of solar still. In this study, the addition of modern technology for solar still was used. Experimental tests have conducted in (Baghdad), the capital of (Iraq). On the other hand, (MAT LAB) program was used to formulate mathematical formulas. The study was conducted during (July) and (August) and extended during the testing day from (5:30 am) to (10:00 pm). Coarse and fine gravel added to the solar still basins to develop its product. The percentage of increase in the production of solar still with the presence of gravel was (47%), the percentage increase in night productivity was (64%).
Numerical and experimental investigation of parameters affect the forming load during rubber pad sheet metal forming
Authors: Younis Karem M. , Aljarjary Adnan I. , Shukur Jalil J.
Published: June 2019

The flexible die forming of sheet metal with the aid of rubber pad as a pressure-carrying medium is one of the advanced forming technologies for sheet metal forming components. In this research, rubber pad forming process was used to produce cups with different shapes. The sheet made from low carbon steel with a thickness of 0.5 mm. The rubber pad has made from polyurethane with different values of hardness and thickness which are (50, 60 and 70) shore A, and (40 and 80 mm), respectively. This pad is used to apply counter pressure to form the sheets. The former block is with three different shapes, which are flat, hemispherical, and complex. A numerical study has conducted to look into the deformation style of this process by 2D-FE simulation under the ANSYS Workbench platform. Numerical and experimental results illustrate that the forming load increases with increase rubber hardness while it decreases with increase the rubber pad thickness.
Selecting the Most Efficient Bearing of Wind Turbine Gearbox Using (Analytical Hierarchy Process) Method “AHP”
Authors: Mankhi Tahseen Ali , Legutko Stanisław , Al-Bedhany Jasim H , Muhsen Abdulmuttalib A.
Published: June 2019

It has been clearly observed that wind turbine energy gearbox bearings are being subjected to premature and unpredicted failure during the first one-fourth duration of their lifespan. This failure is related to many effective factors that have multiple criteria for many available alternative bearings. This article deals with Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and uses a software tool, so called (Expert Choice EC) to select the best compromise solution of the most efficient bearings in wind turbine gearbox. Three types of bearings have been entered in EC comparison: (single-row tapered, single-row cylindrical and double-row cylindrical) roller bearings under five main elements of criteria: (cost, durability, reliability, feature design and availability). Based on the synthesis results and sensitivity analysis of EC software, it can be concluded that single-row tapered bearing is the best choice to be used in wind turbine gearbox of about 52.1% than the other two alternatives taking in considering that the main two criteria, which cause premature failure, are durability and reliability.
Numerical verification for different types of curved baffles as stratifiers in solar thermal storage tank
Authors: Abbas Hashim Ali A. , Abdulrasool Adnan A.
Published: June 2019

This paper aims to assist the thermal stratification in hot water storage during the partial discharge water. Three different types of curved baffle have been studied each one placed in the bottom of a rectangular standard conventional tank in order to reduce the turbulence mixing of inlet jet. The purpose of this investigation is to numerically study the impact of the curved baffle within a vertical hot storage tank and compare three different baffle designs to select the best one. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model was performed using the commercial software package CFX 18. The numerically simulated tank result was validated against the experiment data. The numerical transient temperature distribution and the flow characteristics were analyzed, and then a comparison was made between the three baffle designs and the calculated performance parameter. The results manifested that the curved baffle has a significant effect for enhancing the thermal stratification at high flow rates. Design C showed the best thermal stratification due to the downward curvature shapes.
Fabrication of Porous NiTi Shape Memory Alloy Objects by Powder Metallurgy for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Dawood Nawal Mohammed , Abid Ali Abdul-Raheem Kadhum , Atiyah Alaa Abdulhasan
Published: June 2019

This research, studied the effects of compacting pressure (150-450) MPa and Copper additions (2.5, 5, 7.5 and10) wt% on the mechanical properties of NiTi based shape memory alloys prepared by powder metallurgy. Several mechanical tests such as Rockwall macro hardness measurements, compression test and shape memory properties of the prepared alloys were achieved. The results showed that the addition of Copper with (2.5-10) wt. % to NiTi prepared alloy resulted decreasing the hardness relatively with comparison to master alloy without copper also, there is a distinguished increase in SME properties obtained from hardness test for the NiTi alloys with addition of copper. The result showed that the increasing in compacting pressure and Cu additives have an essential effect by improvement the mechanical properties of the prepared alloys.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocoatings Thin films by Atomic Layer Deposition for Medical Applications
Authors: Wadullah Haitham M. , Ajeel Sami Abualnoun , Abbass Muna Khethier
Published: June 2019

In this work, synthesis and characterization of Al2O3, TiO2and Al2O3 / TiO2hyper thin films, with 25 nm and 50 nm,have been investigated by using Atomic layer deposition method (ALD) at high vacuum (0.27 Torr) onto the cobalt chromium alloy (ASTM F75) and si-wafer (100) substrates. The characterizationshave been investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), optical profilometer and ellipsometry spectroscopy. Morphological characterization and thickness evaluation has been obtained by optical profiler and ellipsometry spectroscopy respectively. SEM has been used to find the presence of thin film defects and the particle shape/size of the thin films. EDX has been used to obtain the element analysis of the thin films. The results have shown good quality thin films, homogeneity, without defects or micro-crack and good thin films properties. Small crystalline regions have been found in the TiO2thin film by selected area diffraction pattern(SADP) image. Al2O3ALD film exhibited lower surface roughness values and good thin film thickness control compared with TiO2and Al2O3 / TiO2.
Effect of Static Spark Timing on the Performance and Emissions of a Spark Ignition Engine Using CNG
Authors: El-Sharkawy Mohamed R. , Abaskharon Mina B. R. , Abd-El-Tawwab Ali M. , Ezzat Fawzy M. H.
Published: June 2019

In this paper, studying the effects of static spark time on the performance and emissions of a spark ignition engine using compressed natural gas. Engine performance and emissions were measured repeatedly at different static ignition time (15° BTDC, 18° BTDC, 21° BTDC and 24° BTDC) with fixed coolant temperature (90°C± 2°C). the results showed that advancing the static ignition time with CNG from 15° BTDC to 24° BTDC at the full load increased the brake power, brake torque, brake thermal efficiency and hydrocarbon by 4.07%, 4.67%, 3.58% and 4.89% respectively, while carbon monoxide and volumetric efficiency doesn’t change effectively at the full and half load conditions.
The Radius Size Variation Effects on Fatigue Strength of AA6061-T6 and AA6061-O Alloys
Authors: Saleh Ali Hassan , Nasser Ali Mohammed Ali , Ismail Muammar Ibrahim , Abood Adnan Namaa
Published: June 2019

This research ensured the effects of radius variation on fatigue – life of AA6061-T6 and annealed alloy, AA6061-O. Five different sizes of radius (1, 2, 4, 8, and 16) mm were studied using Neuber notch factor (Kf) instead of the theoretical stress concentration factor (Kt). The numerical modeling was adopted using ANSYS Workbench 15 to evaluate the radius size effectiveness on strain and stress distribution, while the experimental procedure carried out to determine the strain-life constants for analytical calculations. The results show that the reduction in the radius leads to increase stress, while the strain remains close to each other with the variations of radius for both alloys. The decrement in stress and strain values for annealed specimens were observed in comparison with base alloy. The transition life (NT) was decreased whenever the radius decreased in both alloys. The fatigue life of annealed specimens increased for all values of radius compared to the specimens without annealed. The comparison of the fatigue life between the experimental and numerical results shows that the experimental results have more than those obtained by numerical estimation and this indicated the validity of the numerical approach.
A New Techniques to Calculate the Efficiency of Electric High Voltage Network in Basra
Authors: Aish Qais Mohammed , Abed Wathiq Rafa
Published: June 2019

The complexity of electrical power system that need to provide electricity to many customers under different requirement with high efficiency. For this reason, its imperative to find a modern technology that can be implemented to obtain reliable electrical power network. In this paper is a new technique have been proposed based on the load flow direction from generation station to substations. Keep track of route method was implemented to determines the path of the load flow and give minimum disconnected. Matlab environment software was implemented later to discover the weaknesses point and calculate the efficiency of the electric power network.
Design System of Optical Heterodyne Detection Based on Temperature Sensor
Authors: Resen D A , Kadhim S A , Mahmood A I , Lateef A T
Published: June 2019

Optical Heterodyne Detection (OHD) technique is based on two separate sources with optical interference between them. The optical signal from a specific light source is compared with a separate reference signal from another source. The Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) reflect a specific wavelength λ
B
and transmit the other wavelengths within the laser source spectral. This is achieved by changing the refractive index generated by periodic variation of optical fiber core, which reflect a specific wavelength, so FBG can be used to withhold a certain wavelength and allow other wavelengths to transmit. In this paper, a new method of an OHD has been designed using Optisystem software. Optical fiber as a temperature sensor element with single source and two FBGs have used in this system. the first FBG used as a tunable source and the other has used as a sensing element. The two optical signals have been combined utilizing a photodetector. It has a linear response to the light energy, while having a quadratic response with the amplitude of the electromagnetic field. The results show that the beat frequency shift has a linear response to the temperature with sensitivity about 2.24 GHz/Co.
The effects of sand and pipes on the temperature distributions of the underground cable
Authors: Al-Baldawi Ibtisam A. , Alsakini Sahar R. , Abed Mohammed S.
Published: June 2019

With the proliferation of underground systems and technologies, the investigation of thermal fields in the soil has become a subject of great attention in the emerging technology of buried structures. In this work, the heat transfer mechanisms in underground cable installations have presented. This paper considers a system of the underground cable of 12/20 (24) kV single core cable with a copper conductor and XLPE insulation, located in three models were designated for the experiment, a cable was located in (sand, PVC pipe, and an aluminum pipe). Furthermore, its reviews the results were obtained from a laboratory model where a wooden box was used, and the cable was placed inside the box by burying the cable in three different designs and using the soil used in Iraq and obtained a good results and comparisons were made at each model.
Performance Improvement of OFDM System Using New Scrambling Technique with Precoded Methods
Authors: Abdullah Muntadher Kadhim , Ibada Ali Jawad
Published: June 2019

One of the challenging issues for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system is its high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR). This degrades performance of the system. In this paper, a new scrambling algorithm to reduce PAPR is presented. The new algorithm uses chaos system to generate several Chaos Binary Sequences (CBS) that scrambled with the data symbols to get several sequences. Only one sequence is chosen with smallest PAPR value for transmission. To reduce the PAPR more and improve Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of the new scrambling algorithm, precoded methods are used. Two precoded methods are presented in this work: Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Walsh Hadamard Transform (WHT). Simulation results using MATLAB show that when number of subcarriers is 1024 and number of CBS is 8, the PAPR is approximately equal to 7 db by using new scrambling technique only. While the PAPR is approximately reduced by 1 db when using WHT with new technique. Finally, when using DCT with new technique, the PAPR is approximately reduced by 3.8 db. Also DCT with new technique gives better BER performance than WHT with new technique.
Different shape and color targets detection using auto indexing images in computer vision system
Authors: Taban D A , Al-Zuky A A , AlSaleh A H , Mohamad H J
Published: June 2019

One of the main challenges in computer vision is to determine the number of different types, shapes, locations and color targets within the image plane for use in computer control systems. In this study, an algorithm introduced to detect the number of targets (one or two), their shapes (square or circle) and colors (red, green or blue). A new technique presented as a digital indexing code table to present the studied color targets images. The indexing table technique depends on decimal and binary numbers. In this study, there were 42 different cases represents all the input images. There is a special case considered for the similarity of input images in case it has the same shape and color, but a change in rotation and space between two image targets. This solved using referencing to indicate the same target in each case. Thus, the classification results were 100% for the presented algorithm for all input cases.
Combination of Steganography and Cryptography: A short Survey
Authors: Taha Mustafa Sabah , Mohd Rahim Mohd Shafry , Lafta Sameer Abdulsattar , Hashim Mohammed Mahdi , Alzuabidi Hassanain Mahdi
Published: June 2019

The establishment of a secure communication between two communicating parties is becoming a difficult problem due to the likelihood of attacks and other unintentional changes during an active communication over an unsecured network. However, the security of secret information can be secured using either cryptography or steganography. Steganography refers to the practice of concealing a message (with no traceability) in a manner that it will make no meaning to anyone else except the intended recipient, while cryptography, on the other hand, refers to the art of converting a plaintext (message) into an unreadable format. Thus, steganography conceals the existence of a secret message while cryptography alters the message format itself. Both steganographic and cryptographic techniques are powerful and robust. In this paper, the major aim is to review several ways of combining steganographic and cryptographic techniques to achieve a hybrid system. Moreover, some of the differences between cryptographic and steganographic techniques were presented as well.
Improving of Scm-Sac-Ocdma System by Using Optical Amplifier Based on Md Code
Authors: Fayadh Rashid Ali , Alhamdane Hayder Jasim , Abbas Hayder Abdulameer , Jabar Hashem , Ali Adnan Hussein
Published: June 2019

Free space optic (FSO) is one of the most effective solution technique to transmit the information due to its advantage such as cost and speed, but it suffers from various disadvantage that affects on the signal performance like weather condition that results loss in optical signal power over the communication path. So, in this paper we study the effect of the rain weather in Iraqi cities [ Baghdad, Basra, Mosul ] during 2017 on the FSO signal with system of hybrid Sub-carrier multiplexing _Spectral amplitude coding _ optical code division multiple access (SCM-SAC-OCDMA) with multi diagonal (MD) code and intermediate stage called ‘optical amplifier’. OCDMA allows multiple users to access the medium without any contention; it provides privacy and security with reducing the interference that may occur due to multiple users. MD code has been use to provide simplicity in design and high data rate. The optical amplifier with controlled gain leads to amplify the power of the signal. Results from simulation analysis for the proposed system can transmit data rate with (1Gbps) for (1 Km) distance and transmit power of (5dB) with bit error rate (BER) 10−12 in Mosul, 3× 10−56 in Baghdad, 1 × 10−62 in Basra.
Enhancement of K-Best Sphere Detection algorithm Performance in MIMO Systems
Authors: Sulttan Mohammed Qasim
Published: June 2019

Due to the rapid development of our life toward a life with high-quality communication systems, which require large data rates for transfer such as Long Term Evolution (LTE), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access(WiMAX), and Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) which use Multiple Input - Multiple Output (MIMO) systems. Therefore, become necessary to interest in MIMO system parts especially the MIMO detector (MIMOD). A good detector system must have two important goals, low Computational Complexity (CC) and good Symbol Error Rate (SER) performance). To achieve that two important goals, our work divided into two parts. The first part, by using an unequal power transmission (UEPT) scheme in instead of equal power transmission (EPT) scheme to get a good SER. The second part, how to reduced CC, this achieved by changing the Euclidean Distance (ED) by using Manhattan Distance (MD). The simulation results show us a slight improvement in the SER performance of about 1.1 dB as average gain and a good reduction in CC about 24% as average reduction in visited nodes when using the UEPT with MD against using EPT with ED.
Remote Heart Rate Monitor System using NodeMcu Microcontroller and easy pulse sensor v1.1
Authors: Abdullah Salam khalaf
Published: June 2019

For high precision and low cost, the heart rate monitor system by using NodeMcu was invented which can be used in several applications such as patient treatment and monitoring in places away from the center of cities for the initial diagnosis purpose, elderly health care or sport training. in this paper a new system for detecting and remote monitoring cardio-vascular pulse wave was invented which depends on the NodeMcu board which is built-in a Wi-Fi module with an easy pulse sensor. In this proposed system the easy pulse sensor which has been used for detecting of heart rate and send it to NodeMcu board which transmits such data to the intended destination using the internet. The basic work of heartbeat Sensor used in this design depends on the principle of photo plethysmography to obtain vital information of the heartbeat from the skin surface. the calculation of heart beat was done using two methods, first by tracking the peaks in the PPG waveform while the second way by calculate the frequency of the digital output wave form which is simultaneous to the heart rate pulse. The preliminary result show that the new system is more reliable and lower cost compare with other system based on IOT Microcontroller and gives good and optimum results.
Design and Performance of MC-CDMA Transceiver based LDWT –OFDM in Flat Fading Channel
Authors: Alsharfa Raya Majid
Published: June 2019

Multi Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) is a suitable modulation method for high data rates. In this modulation system, using of combining methods are inevitable for restoring orthogonality between diverse user signals. In this paper, the combining techniques of a MC-CDMA based on lifting discrete wavelet transform strategy (LDWT) are studied. Is presented to keep up the symmetry against the multipath Flat Fading Channels (FFC). Show of MC-CDMA under many channels similar the AWGN channel and FFC, is examined and BER versus SNR graphs are plotted and their presentation is deliberate.
Use of a new approach to automated break transposition cipher system
Authors: Shibeeb Ahmed Kareem , Ahmed Mohammed Hussein
Published: June 2019

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) based cryptanalysis has acquired much attention because it has a fast convergence rate. This paper investigates the use of a new approach which is PSO depending on the clustering algorithm (CLPSO) to break the transposition cipher system in appropriate time. The dynamic of CLPSO is different from existing PSO in population size, topology and the ways to find the best solution. CLPSO start’s with using high population size (particles) and then applying preprocessing operation in order to reduce this population and then partition this population into several clusters based on using semi CLARANS algorithm and allow particles to share information in different clusters and give the particles ability to move from one cluster to another depending on the values of fitness function. Experimental results of the proposed CLPSO were very promising and the results proved that the CLPSO algorithm reduces the number of tries that needed to attack long key transposition cipher in almost real time using ciphertext-only attack. This new method allows recovering key length up to 35 with no more than 58.3 second as maximum consuming time. In this case study, different parameters such as: population sizes (100-5000), key size (10 - 35) and length of ciphertext (250 - 5000) were used.
Wireless Sensor Networks Improvement using LEACH Algorithm
Authors: Ahmed Sadeer Rasheed , Kadhim Mohammed Aboud , Abdulkarim Tarek
Published: June 2019

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are a gathering of several low-power and low-cost network sensors which are used to sense an environment, collect data, process the collected data, and transmit the handled data to a base station (BS) through the cluster heads (CH). The CH collects the sensed and processed information from the sensors and transmit them to the base station for the analysis. In WSN, the major problem encountered is energy whole problem which results from energy depletion in the nodes near the BS. This work proposed the use of LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) algorithm to which ensures a balance between energy consumption and delay to resolve energy problem in WSNs.
Simulation Physical and Chemical Blowing Agents for Polyurethane Foam Production
Authors: Al-Moameri Harith H. , Hassan Ghanim , Jaber Baydaa
Published: June 2019

Use of computer simulation to quantify the effectiveness of blowing agents can be an effective tool for optimizing formulations and for the adopting of new blowing agents. This paper focuses on a mass balance on blowing agent during foaming including the quantification of the amount that stays in the resin, the amount that ends up in the foam cells, and the pressure of the blowing agent in the foam cells. Experimental data is presented both in the sense of developing the simulation capabilities and the validating of simulation results.
Determination of the specifications and quantities of pollutants present in water discharged from oil plant and their treatment methods
Authors: Abdalraheem ALani Hussam Nadum , Latif Ali Abdul Karim Abdul , Bashi Jamal Ali
Published: June 2019

Water pollution is an important environmental problem at present and has a direct impact on the lives of individuals, families and society. Water pollution is produced from several industrial processes. One of these processes is the making vegetable oils, where the polluted water is produced by the refining of vegetable oils, there is also contaminated water resulting from the process of bleaching vegetable oil, there is another pollution of the water produced by the process of removing the smell of vegetable oil and there is also pollution of water resulting from heat exchangers where the use of cold or hot water. In this research, were used natural and chemical materials, different concentrations and different weights to reach the best results. The treatment process is done in two phases, the first by adding the following substances (alum, calcium hydroxide alkaline and concentrated sulfuric acid) in different quantities to the polluted water and then leaving a period of time after it is separated from the sediment method. After treatment, (pH), residual Chlorine (cl), bioactive oxygen (BOD5), Oils and Greases (O & G) and phosphate (PO4) are measured. The second phase of the water is adsorbed by activated carbon adsorption for the removal of chlorine from the water (a class of halogens) which is strongly adsorbed by activated carbon. First, (pH), (BOD5), (O & G), and phosphate (PO4) have been controlled within the allowable limits, while the residual chlorine (cl) is much higher than the maximum limits, where it was treated in the second stage, up to the surveyed boundary before it was put into the river water.
Artificial Neural Network Prediction of Sulfur Content of Diesel fuel from its Physical Properties
Authors: Younis Younis Muhsin , Kayi Hakan
Published: June 2019

The sulfur content is important in engineering calculations, so this study has two major purposes. The first purpose of the study is to predict the sulfur content from its physical properties by using artificial neural network to decrease time and cost spent on experimental analysis of sulfur content, and the second purpose is to find the simplest formula to predict the sulfur content. Artificial Neural Network is applied as a black-box type modelling for sulfur content prediction of diesel fuel. The experimental data used in this study is obtained from Erbil power station. In this study, the Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm is used to train the neural network and to predict the sulfur content. It was observed that the ANN model can predict the sulfur content of diesel quite well with correlation coefficient (R) 0.9813. The prediction Mean Square Error was between the targets values and the outputs values were obtained 0.000339 by the matlab software. The findings obtained in this study indicated that the designed neural network performs quite well in the prediction of sulfur content of diesel fuel from its physical properties.
Removal of Food Carmoisine Dye E-112 From Waste Water Using Different Manufactured Media
Authors: Chyad Al-Hamadani Rawaa Fahim , Merzah Amel S. , Jasim Eitizaz Awad
Published: June 2019

The industrial and agricultural waste water contains many contaminants; one of them is the food carmoisine dye E112, which causes a series problems for the environment. Adsorption using porous media is one of the solutions to this problem. In the present work, activated silica sand (ASS), activated carbon (AC), porcelanite, silt and composite porous media, were prepared and used to remove the E112 from waste water using adsorption technique. It was predicted that the removal efficiency was affected by many factors such as time, pH, dose and ozonation of media. These factors were studied and analyzed to investigate the best media which is the activated carbon with the highest removal efficiency than the other porous medias. The results showed that:

• The best removal efficiency of carmoisine dye E-112 was by activated carbon (AC) that reaching to 76% under specific conditions (7 of pH, 20g of AC and 10 mg/l initial concentration of dye) which were selected after several attempts until reaching the best results of removal efficiency.

• Ozonation (ozon pumping to the porous media) was the effective reason of removal efficiency increasing.

• The best one of porous medias according to the removal efficiency was: AC> ASS> composite> porcilanite> silt.
Evaluation of a number of coagulants and coagulation aids in removing water turbidity
Authors: Farhan Ahlam Abdul-Rheem
Published: June 2019

The physical efficiency of a number of coagulants alum, ferrous sulfate and ferric chloride in addition to coagulation organic aids like poly ethylene glycol (PEG), polyacrylamide (PAM) and non-organic like Bentonite in removing turbidity of raw water in its high and low turbidity 850 NTU, 52 NTU respectively was studied. The optimal dose was determined for each of them that give less turbidity and higher removal percentage. The results declared that alum was the best removal for both high and low turbidity which reach 99.59% and 97.54% respectively. Ferrous sulfate, Ferric chloride, and calcium oxide were the best for removing turbidity of high turbid raw water 98.26, 98.66 and 92.18% respectively. For coagulation aids, the best of them was (PAM) for both raw water turbidity, while (PEG) record good removal percentage for low turbidity that reach 89.81%. Bentonite give lowest removal percentage for low turbidity 31.92%, on contrast with high turbidity 74%. used of Bentonite with alum improved the removal to 88.92%.
Autonomous tracked vehicles effectiveness estimation
Authors: Naumov V N , Mashkov K Y , Byakov K E
Published: June 2019

Effectiveness of application of autonomous tracked vehicles depends on many factors. For the manned car, the driver decides how to choose the optimal speed. The speed of autonomous vehicles, especially over highly rough terrain, is significantly lower and is caused by the operation of an autonomous control system. In tracked chassis, one of the agility components is the turnability, which characterizes the control ability of the vehicle under the given conditions. Controllability and ride comfort define how the power-weight ratio influence the average vehicle speed. At the same time, the behavior of an autonomous vehicle during rotation depends not only on the power-weight ratio, but also on the dimensions of the tracks support surfaces; pressure on the ground; steering radius provided by steering drive; traction properties, as well as on road conditions (path curve, traction and steering resistance coefficients). The report presents the analysis of the dependence of tracks slipping on the speed of the tracked autonomous vehicle chassis. The parameters that determine the state of the chassis of an autonomous tracked vehicle are listed. The results of mathematical simulation of the tracked mobile robot movement for different types of soils and with different speeds are presented.
Mivar models of reconstruction and expertise of emergency events of road accidents
Authors: Chuvikov D A , Varlamov O O , Aladin D V , Chernenkiy V M , Baldin A V
Published: June 2019

The article deals with the problem of creating expert systems for the reconstruction and analysis of motor vehicle accidents (MVA). The need for development of the special expert system of the analysis and examination of road accident for the solution of this problem was formulated. Also, in the article the compatibility models of the Mivar Expert System and the abstract system of simulation modeling were described. In this article, the Mivar expert system “Analysis MVA” is considered as a promising solution for the reconstruction and analysis of traffic accidents. Much attention is drawn to the principles of operation of the mivar systems in the expert analysis of accidents.
Improving traction and active safety of the wheeled vehicle by the distribution of the driving torque between its axles
Authors: Chudakov O I , Gorelov V A , Sarach E B
Published: June 2019

One method to improve dynamic qualities, stability and cross-country ability of wheeled vehicles is to use Active Torque Transfer Systems (ATTS). An operating algorithm for the ATTS that ensures improved traction and dynamic properties, road-holding and trajectory stability of a two-axle wheeled vehicle has been suggested. Efficiency and feasibility of the suggested algorithm have been proved through simulation modeling. Lines of future research have been defined.