bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growing Spicy ONIOMs: Extending and generalizing concepts of ONIOM and many body expansions
Authors: Seeber Phillip , Seidenath Sebastian , Steinmetzer Johannes , Gräfe Stefanie
Published: November 2022

The ONIOM method and many extensions to it provide capabilities to treat challenging multiscale problems in catalysis and material science. Our open‐source program Spicy is a flexible toolkit for ONIOM and fragment methods. Spicy includes a generalization of multicenter‐ONIOM, a higher‐order multipole embedding scheme, and fragment methods as useful extensions of our own n‐layered integrated molecular orbital and molecular mechanics (ONIOM), which allow applying ONIOM and high accuracy calculations to a wider range of systems. A calculation on the metallo‐protein hemoglobin demonstrates the versatility of the implementation.

This article is categorized under:

Electronic Structure Theory > Combined QM/MM Methods

Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Interactions

Quantum Computing > Theory Development
Understanding the immunological interactions of engineered nanomaterials: Role of the bio‐corona
Authors: Fadeel Bengt
Published: November 2022

Engineered nanomaterials are a broad class of materials with the potential for breakthrough applications in many sectors of society not least in medicine. Consequently, safety assessment of nanomaterials and nano‐enabled products with respect to human health and the environment is of key importance. To this end, the biological interactions of nanoscale materials must be understood. Here, the dual “identities” of nanomaterials, namely, the material‐intrinsic properties or synthetic identity and the acquired, context‐dependent properties or biological identity, are discussed in relation to nanomaterial interactions with the immune system, our main defense against foreign intrusion. Specifically, we address whether macrophages and other innate immune cells respond to the synthetic identity or the biological identity of nanomaterials, that is, the surface adsorbed proteins and/or other biomolecules known as the bio‐corona, or both?

This article is categorized under:

Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials
Nanoparticles for vaccine and gene therapy: Overcoming the barriers to nucleic acid delivery
Authors: Mollé Lara M. , Smyth Cameron H. , Yuen Daniel , Johnston Angus P. R.
Published: November 2022

Nucleic acid therapeutics can be used to control virtually every aspect of cell behavior and therefore have significant potential to treat genetic disorders, infectious diseases, and cancer. However, while clinically approved to treat a small number of diseases, the full potential of nucleic acid therapeutics is hampered by inefficient delivery. Nucleic acids are large, highly charged biomolecules that are sensitive to degradation and so the approaches to deliver these molecules differ significantly from traditional small molecule drugs. Current studies suggest less than 1% of the injected nucleic acid dose is delivered to the target cell in an active form. This inefficient delivery increases costs and limits their use to applications where a small amount of nucleic acid is sufficient. In this review, we focus on two of the major barriers to efficient nucleic acid delivery: (1) delivery to the target cell and (2) transport to the subcellular compartment where the nucleic acids are therapeutically active. We explore how nanoparticles can be modified with targeting ligands to increase accumulation in specific cells, and how the composition of the nanoparticle can be engineered to manipulate or disrupt cellular membranes and facilitate delivery to the optimal subcellular compartments. Finally, we highlight how with intelligent material design, nanoparticle delivery systems have been developed to deliver nucleic acids that silence aberrant genes, correct genetic mutations, and act as both therapeutic and prophylactic vaccines.

This article is categorized under:

Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Cells at the Nanoscale

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease

Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Lipid‐Based Structures
Market entry system considering the biosafety of nanomedical devices in China
Authors: Wen Hairuo , Yang Ying , Geng Xingchao
Published: November 2022

Our current knowledge on nanomaterials is mostly built on data from basic studies, and the application and developmental potentials of nanomaterials are emphasized. On the other hand, standard evaluation methods, models, exposure methods, standards, and guidelines for biological effect evaluation are inadequate. In response to the bottlenecks of supervision, scientific research institutes and regulatory organizations in China have cooperated closely to research and establish an evaluation system for nanomedical devices, and silver‐containing nanomaterials have been adopted as an example. In such a context, reference materials, characterization strategies, in vitro and in vivo distribution and toxicity evaluation standards have been established. This article highlights research on the risk assessment of nanomedical device products (taking silver‐containing nanomedical device products as an example) in China, including the characterization and release determination strategies, determination of nanosilver in tissues, applications of three‐dimensional skin models and in vitro and toxicity evaluation standards have been established. This article highlights research on technical standards. As a consequence, the “Guidelines for the safety and effectiveness evaluation of nanomedical devices” were published in 2021, and a market entry framework for nanomedical devices has been preliminarily formed as a significant component in scientific supervision. This Guideline supervises the review and supervision of nanomedical devices and, therefore, provides a guarantee for the market access of nanomedical devices in China.

This article is categorized under:

Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials

Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine
Theorie und Forschungsstand
Authors: Gercke Marcus
Published: November 2022

Die Einkommensungleichheitshypothese ist eine Theorie mittlerer Reichweite, welche ihren Ursprung in den Gesundheitswissenschaften besitzt. Ihrer Annahme nach sind Gesellschaften, in denen Einkommen und Wohlstand ungleicher verteilt sind, weniger gesund und stärker von sozialen Problemen betroffen. Ihr Gültigkeitsanspruch beschränkt sich dabei auf wohlhabende Gesellschaften und ist im wissenschaftlichen Diskurs seither umstritten.
Daten und Methoden
Authors: Gercke Marcus
Published: November 2022

Die vorliegende Arbeit fokussiert auf soziale Probleme in wohlhabenden Ländern. Um entsprechende Länder zu identifizieren, wurde auf die Einkommensklassifikation der World Bank zurückgegriffen (Fantom & Serajuddin, 2016). Gemessen am Bruttonationaleinkommen pro Kopf werden Länder in vier Einkommensklassen unterteilt: (1) hohes Einkommen, (2) oberes mittleres Einkommen, (3) unteres mittleres Einkommen und (4) geringes Einkommen.
Ergebnisdiskussion
Authors: Gercke Marcus
Published: November 2022

Die vorliegende Studie über soziale Probleme in 40 reichen Ländern im Zeitraum von 1990–2020 stellt derzeit die aktuellste und umfassendste Überprüfung von Wilkinson und Picketts Erweiterung der Einkommensungleichheitshypothese für soziale Probleme dar. In Bezug auf den langen wissenschaftlichen Streit um den Einfluss von Einkommensungleichheit auf das Ausmaß sozialer Probleme liefert die vorliegende Arbeit aufgrund ihrer Systematik wichtige Forschungsergebnisse. Es können drei wesentliche Erkenntnisse hervorgehoben werden: (1) Einkommensungleichheit allein stellt sich als eher ungenügender Prädiktor für soziale Probleme heraus. (2) Vor allem Wohlstand, aber auch ethnische Fraktionalisierung und Vertrauen, hängen signifikant und sogar unabhängig von Einkommensungleichheit mit dem Ausmaß sozialer Probleme zusammen. (3) Die geschätzten Zusammenhänge zwischen den Einflussfaktoren und Problemen sind deutlich heterogener als erwartet, was gegen Wilkinson und Picketts Hypothese eines einzelnen zentralen Mechanismus spricht, das Ausmaß sozialer Probleme auf der Makroebene zu erklären. Im Nachfolgenden werden die Forschungsergebnisse entlang der fünf aufgestellten Forschungshypothesen diskutiert.
Fazit
Authors: Gercke Marcus
Published: November 2022

Das Ziel der vorliegenden Masterarbeit war es, den Einfluss von Einkommensungleichheit, Wohlstand, ethnischer Fraktionalisierung, Vertrauen und des gesellschaftlichen Wertewandels auf das Ausmaß sozialer Probleme (Gewalt, Inhaftierungen, Teenagerschwangerschaften, niedrige schulische Leistungen, niedrige Wahlbeteiligung) zu überprüfen. Ausgangspunkt der Arbeit ist die kontroverse Debatte um Wilkinson und Picketts Spirit Level Theory (2016 [2010]). Sie führt die Betroffenheit wohlhabender Länder von gesundheitlichen und sozialen Problemen auf die Höhe der Einkommensungleichheit zurück.
Interior Hölder continuity for singular-degenerate porous medium type equations with an application to a biofilm model
Authors: Hissink Muller Victor
Published: November 2022

We show interior Hölder continuity for a class of quasi-linear degenerate reaction-diffusion equations. The diffusion coefficient in the equation has a porous medium type degeneracy and its primitive has a singularity. The reaction term is locally bounded except in zero. The class of equations we analyze is motivated by a model that describes the growth of biofilms. Our method is based on the original proof of interior Hölder continuity for the porous medium equation. We do not restrict ourselves to solutions that are limits in the weak topology of a sequence of approximate continuous solutions of regularized problems, which is a common assumption.
Glioblastoma PET/MRI: kinetic investigation of [18F]rhPSMA-7.3, [18F]FET and [18F]fluciclovine in an orthotopic mouse model of cancer
Authors: Lindemann Marcel , Oteiza Ana , Martin-Armas Montserrat , Guttormsen Yngve , Moldes-Anaya Angel , Berzaghi Rodrigo , Bogsrud Trond Velde , Bach-Gansmo Tore , Sundset Rune , Kranz Mathias
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common glioma and standard therapies can only slightly prolong the survival. Neo-vascularization is a potential target to image tumor microenvironment, as it defines its brain invasion. We investigate [18F]rhPSMA-7.3 with PET/MRI for quantitative imaging of neo-vascularization in GBM bearing mice and human tumor tissue and compare it to [18F]FET and [18F]fluciclovine using PET pharmacokinetic modeling (PKM).

Methods

[18F]rhPSMA-7.3, [18F]FET, and [18F]fluciclovine were i.v. injected with 10.5 ± 3.1 MBq, 8.0 ± 2.2 MBq, 11.5 ± 1.9 MBq (n = 28, GL261-luc2) and up to 90 min PET/MR imaged 21/28 days after surgery. Regions of interest were delineated on T2-weighted MRI for (i) tumor, (ii) brain, and (iii) the inferior vena cava. Time-activity curves were expressed as SUV mean, SUVR and PKM performed using 1-/2-tissue-compartment models (1TCM, 2TCM), Patlak and Logan analysis (LA). Immunofluorescent staining (IFS), western blotting, and autoradiography of tumor tissue were performed for result validation.

Results

[18F]rhPSMA-7.3 showed a tumor uptake with a tumor-to-background-ratio (TBR) = 2.1–2.5, in 15–60 min. PKM (2TCM) confirmed higher K1 (0.34/0.08, p = 0.0012) and volume of distribution VT (0.24/0.1, p = 0.0017) in the tumor region compared to the brain. Linearity in LA and similar k3 = 0.6 and k4 = 0.47 (2TCM, tumor, p = ns) indicated reversible binding. K1, an indicator for vascularization, increased (0.1/0.34, 21 to 28 days, p < 0.005). IFS confirmed co-expression of PSMA and tumor vascularization. [18F]fluciclovine showed higher TBR (2.5/1.8, p < 0.001, 60 min) and VS (1.3/0.7, p < 0.05, tumor) compared to [18F]FET and LA indicated reversible binding. VT increased (p < 0.001, tumor, 21 to 28 days) for [18F]FET (0.5–1.4) and [18F]fluciclovine (0.84–1.5).

Conclusion

[18F]rhPSMA-7.3 showed to be a potential candidate to investigate the tumor microenvironment of GBM. Following PKM, this uptake was associated with tumor vascularization. In contrast to what is known from PSMA-PET in prostate cancer, reversible binding was found for [18F]rhPSMA-7.3 in GBM, contradicting cellular trapping. Finally, [18F]fluciclovine was superior to [18F]FET rendering it more suitable for PET imaging of GBM.
Augenärztliche Versorgung ehemaliger früh- und reifgeborener Personen im Erwachsenenalter – Ergebnisse der Gutenberg Prematurity Eye Study (GPES)
Authors: Fieß Achim , Wacker Annika , Gißler Sandra , Fauer Agnes , Mildenberger Eva , Urschitz Michael S. , Elflein Heike , Stoffelns Bernhard , Pfeiffer Norbert , Schuster Alexander K.
Published: November 2022

Hintergrund

Frühgeburtlichkeit und das Auftreten der Frühgeborenenretinopathie (ROP) erhöhen das Risiko für das Auftreten von amblyogenen Risikofaktoren in der Kindheit und Jugend.

Ziel der Arbeit

Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Beschreibung der augenärztlichen Versorgung und der Augenerkrankungen ehemaliger früh- und reifgeborener Personen im Erwachsenenalter.

Material und Methoden

Die Gutenberg Prematurity Eye Study (GPES) ist eine retrospektive Kohortenstudie mit einer prospektiven augenärztlichen Untersuchung von ehemaligen früh- und reifgeborenen Personen, geboren zwischen 1969 und 2002 (aktuelles Alter 18 bis 52 Jahre). Alle Teilnehmenden wurden hinsichtlich amblyogener Parameter wie z. B. dem Vorliegen eines Strabismus und von Refraktionsfehlern untersucht. Die Teilnehmenden wurden gruppiert in Personen mit normalem Gestationsalter (GA) ≥ 37 (Kontrollgruppe), Frühgeborene ohne ROP mit GA 33–36 (Gruppe 2), GA 29–32 (Gruppe 3), GA ≤ 28 Wochen (Gruppe 4) und solche mit ROP ohne Behandlung (Gruppe 5) und mit ROP mit Behandlung (Gruppe 6). Es wurde von allen Teilnehmenden erhoben, wie oft sie innerhalb der letzten 12 Monate bei einer augenärztlichen Untersuchung gewesen sind.

Ergebnisse

Insgesamt wurden die Daten von 140 reifgeborenen und 310 frühgeborenen Erwachsenen in die vorliegende Studie eingeschlossen. Ein Strabismus lag bei 2,1 % (3/140), 6,6 % (9/137), 17,4 % (16/92), 11,1 % (2/18), 27,1 % (13/48) und 60 % (9/15) in den jeweiligen Gruppen 1 bis 6 vor. Der Anteil an Probanden mit augenärztlicher Untersuchung innerhalb der letzten 12 Monate war in den Gruppen der extrem Frühgeborenen mit und ohne ROP im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe am höchsten. Insgesamt waren 33,3 % (1/3) der Reifgeborenen und 57,1 % (28/49) der Frühgeborenen mit Strabismus und 0 % (0/3) der Reifgeborenen und 46,9 % (15/32) der Frühgeborenen mit Amblyopie innerhalb der letzten 12 Monate bei einer augenärztlichen Untersuchung.

Diskussion

Extrem frühgeborene Personen mit und ohne postnatale ROP zeigten die höchste Rate an Augenerkrankungen sowie die höchste Rate an augenärztlichen Kontrolluntersuchungen innerhalb der letzten 12 Monate. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass extrem frühgeborene Personen insbesondere mit postnataler ROP insgesamt lebenslang häufigere augenärztliche Kontrolluntersuchungen wahrnehmen.
Ten-year clinical performance of non-precious metal double crowns with friction pins in severely reduced dentitions—a retrospective study
Authors: Hinz Sebastian , Bömicke Wolfgang , Schweyen Ramona , Bensel Tobias
Published: November 2022

Objectives

This follow-up study aimed at collecting long-term data for removable partial dentures (RPDs) retained by double crowns with spark-eroded friction pins (DCP) and comparing them in the presence of severely reduced dentition (SRD) and non-SRD (NSRD, i.e. residual dentition with more than three abutment teeth) after a 10-year wearing period.

Materials and methods

A total of 158 participants (n = 71, 44.9% women) aged 62.5 ± 12.7 years with 182 prostheses on 520 abutment teeth were followed up between 2006 and 2022. The SRD group included 144 RPDs supported by 314 abutment teeth. The data collection was performed retrospectively. 10-year survival rates of RPDs and abutment teeth were determined using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared using the log-rank test for SRD and NSRD, among others. Cox regression analyses were conducted to isolate risk factors for the survival of both RPDs and abutment teeth.

Results

The 10-year cumulative survival rate of all abutment teeth was 65.6% with significantly lower values in the SRD group (53.5%) (p < 0.001). The survival rate for all RPDs was 65.5%. The SRD group showed lower survival rates (57.9%) (p = 0.004). The number and location of the abutment teeth had a significant influence on the survival rates of the RPDs and the abutment teeth. Age, sex, jaw, relining, and vitality had a significant influence on the abutment teeth survival rates.

Conclusions

RPDs showed an acceptable clinical survival rate after 10 years. The number, location, and vitality of abutment teeth were factors that influenced the survival of both RPDs and abutment teeth.

Clinical relevance

Consideration of the influencing factors found can help improve the prognostic assessment of double crown-retained dentures in the context of prosthetic therapy planning.
Effects of sterilization methods on the survival of pathogenic bacteria in potting soil stored at various temperatures
Authors: Hyun Jeong-Eun , Lee Su-Bin , Jung Do-Young , Kim Se-Ri , Choi Song-Yi , Hwang Injun
Published: November 2022

Fresh food products can be contaminated with pathogenic bacteria in various agricultural environments. Potting soil is sterilized by heat sterilization and then reused. This study evaluated the effects of three sterilization methods (non-sterilized, pasteurized, and sterilized) on the survival of pathogenic bacteria in potting soil during storage for 60 days at 5, 15, 25, and 35 °C. The reduction in Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus in potting soil was higher at higher temperatures (25 and 35 °C) than at lower temperatures (5 and 15 °C). The population of pathogenic bacteria in pasteurized and sterilized potting soil was reduced below the detectable levels within 30 days at 35 °C. In contrast, the population of Bacillus cereus did not change in potting soil during storage for 60 days at all temperatures. These results indicate that sterilization and storage temperature of potting soil are critical factors influencing the survival of pathogenic bacteria.
Diagnostic properties of the Italian ECAS Carer Interview (ECAS-CI)
Authors: Poletti Barbara , Aiello Edoardo Nicolò , Solca Federica , Torre Silvia , Carelli Laura , Ferrucci Roberta , Verde Federico , Ticozzi Nicola , Silani Vincenzo
Published: November 2022

Background

This study aimed at providing diagnostic properties and normative cut-offs for the Italian ECAS Carer Interview (ECAS-CI).

Materials

N = 292 non-demented ALS patients andN = 107 healthy controls (HCs) underwent the ECAS-CI and the Frontal Behavioural Inventory (FBI). Two ECAS-CI measures were addressed: (1) the number of symptoms (NoS;range = 0–13) and (2) that of individual symptom clusters (SC;range = 0–6). Diagnostics were explored against an FBI score ≥ than the 95th percentile of the patients’ distribution.

Results

Both the NoS and SC discriminated patient from HCs. High accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were detected for both the NoS and SC; however, at variance with SC, the NoS showed better post-test features and did not overestimate the occurrence of behavioural changes. The ECAS-CI converged with the FBI and diverged from the cognitive section of the ECAS.

Discussion

The ECAS-CI is a suitable screener for behavioural changes in ALS patients, with the NoS being its best outcome measure (cut-off: ≥ 3).
Simultaneous removal of inorganic and organic pollutants from multicomponent solutions by the use of zeolitic materials obtained from fly ash waste
Authors: Medykowska Magdalena , Wiśniewska Małgorzata , Szewczuk-Karpisz Katarzyna , Panek Rafał , Franus Małgorzata
Published: November 2022

Fly ash is an energy waste considered as a global environmental hazard. Annually, it is generated in the amount of over 50 million tons. One of the ways of fly ash management is its conversion into porous structures, which then can be applied to capture other pollutants from the aquatic environment. This paper presents the adsorption capabilities of four products of hydrothermal reaction of fly ash (HC FA), i.e., zeolites (Na-X, NA-P1) and their composites with carbon (Na-X(C), Na-P1(C)). All five materials were characterized in terms of their structure and used as adsorbents of heavy metals (Pb(II), Zn(II) ions) and organic compounds (diclofenac – popular anti-inflammatory drug, poly(acrylic acid) – polymer commonly used in industry) from their mixed solutions. Adsorption–desorption, electrokinetic and stability measurements were performed to determine the mechanisms driving the formation of the mixed adsorption layers. It was found that Na-X zeolite adsorbed 322.1 mg/g of Pb(II), 332.5 mg/g of Zn(II) and 6.68 mg/g of DCF, whereas Na-P1 bounded 332.9 mg/g of Pb(II), 103.6 mg/g of Zn(II) and 21.19 mg/g of DCF. In the mixed systems of adsorbates, these values were different, but also satisfactory. For example, in the Zn(II) presence, the adsorption of DCF on Na-X increased from 6.68 to 12.86 mg/g and that on Na-X(C), from 8.49 to 21.95 mg/g. The adsorbed pollutants changed the structure of electrical double layer of zeolitic materials. Moreover, they affected the stability of the examined suspensions. The presented results are promising for the further application of obtained zeolitic materials for environmental remediation.

Graphical Abstract
Deep Learning-based Non-rigid Image Registration for High-dose Rate Brachytherapy in Inter-fraction Cervical Cancer
Authors: Salehi Mohammad , Vafaei Sadr Alireza , Mahdavi Seied Rabi , Arabi Hossein , Shiri Isaac , Reiazi Reza
Published: November 2022

In this study, an inter-fraction organ deformation simulation framework for the locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC), which considers the anatomical flexibility, rigidity, and motion within an image deformation, was proposed. Data included 57 CT scans (7202 2D slices) of patients with LACC randomly divided into the train (n = 42) and test (n = 15) datasets. In addition to CT images and the corresponding RT structure (bladder, cervix, and rectum), the bone was segmented, and the coaches were eliminated. The correlated stochastic field was simulated using the same size as the target image (used for deformation) to produce the general random deformation. The deformation field was optimized to have a maximum amplitude in the rectum region, a moderate amplitude in the bladder region, and an amplitude as minimum as possible within bony structures. The DIRNet is a convolutional neural network that consists of convolutional regressors, spatial transformation, as well as resampling blocks. It was implemented by different parameters. Mean Dice indices of 0.89 ± 0.02, 0.96 ± 0.01, and 0.93 ± 0.02 were obtained for the cervix, bladder, and rectum (defined as at-risk organs), respectively. Furthermore, a mean average symmetric surface distance of 1.61 ± 0.46 mm for the cervix, 1.17 ± 0.15 mm for the bladder, and 1.06 ± 0.42 mm for the rectum were achieved. In addition, a mean Jaccard of 0.86 ± 0.04 for the cervix, 0.93 ± 0.01 for the bladder, and 0.88 ± 0.04 for the rectum were observed on the test dataset (15 subjects). Deep learning-based non-rigid image registration is, therefore, proposed for the high-dose-rate brachytherapy in inter-fraction cervical cancer since it outperformed conventional algorithms.
Plant species selection and impact on tree resprouts by semi-free ranging pigs in a temperate deciduous forest
Authors: Nota Ginevra , Berretti Roberta , Ascoli Davide , Barberis Davide , Ravetto Enri Simone , Pittarello Marco , Motta Renzo , Battaglini Luca Maria , Lombardi Giampiero , Lonati Michele
Published: November 2022

Silvopastoral systems with grazing pigs are mainly concentrated in Mediterranean regions, for instance in Iberian dehesas and montados. Conversely, in European deciduous forests, outdoor pig farming has almost disappeared, despite it could provide several environmental and socioeconomic benefits. For instance, pig grazing could be used for habitat restoration and conservation, while providing high quality meat products and promoting local breeds. In this study, we investigated (i) the plant species selection and (ii) the impact on tree resprouts (after a silvicultural cut) by semi-free ranging pigs in a degraded oak temperate forest in Northwestern Italy. We monitored pigs foraging behavior by direct observations and discriminated the plant species into three groups: preferred, indifferently consumed and avoided plants. The impact on the resprouts of six tree species was assessed by modeling the percentage of damaged shoots and their height through time using Generalized Linear and Additive Mixed Models. Swine expressed a selective foraging behavior, which was likely influenced by the forage quality and toxicity of plant species. The leaves and resprouts of Corylus avellana and Castanea sativa were highly consumed, whereas Acer and Quercus species and Fraxinus ornus were avoided. Mature leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia were highly preferred while its young resprouts were only slightly impacted, suggesting that pig grazing may not be effective to control this alien invasive species. Contrarily, pigs consumed Rubus sp. abundantly, suggesting they could be used to clear the understory in degraded forests.
Heart Rate Variability: A Measure of Cardiovascular Health and Possible Therapeutic Target in Dysautonomic Mental and Neurological Disorders
Authors: Siepmann Martin , Weidner Kerstin , Petrowski Katja , Siepmann Timo
Published: November 2022

Mental illness such as depression and anxiety as well as cerebrovascular disease are linked to impairment of neurocardiac function mediated by changes to the autonomic nervous system with increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic activity. Autonomic neurocardiac function can be evaluated by computing heart rate variability (HRV). Over the past decades, research has demonstrated the diagnostic value of HRV as independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality and as disease marker in progressive autonomic nervous system disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. Here we summarize our studies on HRV and its therapeutic modulation in the context of psychopharmacology as well as psychiatric and neurological disorders to honor the life of Professor Evgeny Vaschillo, the true pioneer of HRV research who sadly passed away on November 21st, 2020.
Prognosis of local invasive relapses after carcinoma in situ of the breast: a retrospective study from a population-based registry
Authors: Kada Mohammed Samia , Dabakuyo Yonli Tienhan Sandrine , Desmoulins Isabelle , Manguem Kamga Ariane , Jankowski Clémentine , Padeano Marie-Martine , Loustalot Catherine , Costaz Hélène , Causeret Sylvain , Peignaux Karine , Rouffiac Magali , Coutant Charles , Arnould Laurent , Ladoire Sylvain
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The prognosis of local invasive recurrence (LIR) after prior carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the breast has not been widely studied and existing data are conflicting, especially considering the specific prognosis of this entity, compared to de novo invasive breast cancer (de novo IBC) and with LIR after primary IBC.

Methods

We designed a retrospective study using data from the specialized Côte d’Or Breast and Gynecological cancer registry, between 1998 and 2015, to compare outcomes between 3 matched groups of patients with localized IBC: patients with LIR following CIS (CIS-LIR), patients with de novo IBC (de novo IBC), and patients with LIR following a first IBC (IBC-LIR). Distant relapse-free (D-RFS), overall survival (OS), clinical, and treatment features between the 3 groups were studied.

Results

Among 8186 women initially diagnosed with IBC during our study period, we retrieved and matched 49 CIS-LIR to 49 IBC, and 46 IBC-LIR patients. At diagnosis, IBC/LIR in the 3 groups were mainly stage I, grade II, estrogen receptor-positive, and HER2 negative. Metastatic diseases at diagnosis were higher in CIS-LIR group. A majority of patients received adjuvant systemic treatment, with no statistically significant differences between the 3 groups. There was no significant difference between the 3 groups in terms of OS or D-RFS.

Conclusion

LIR after CIS does not appear to impact per se on survival of IBC.
Controlling superstructure formation and macro-scale adhesion via confined evaporation of cellulose nanocrystals
Authors: Borrero-López Antonio M. , Greca Luiz G. , Rojas Orlando J. , Tardy Blaise L.
Published: November 2022

The self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals can tether their interfacial interactions and the associated properties of their constructs. For instance, assemblies of highly aligned cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) bear improved mechanical strength, barrier properties, and piezoelectric response. In this study, the self-assembly of CNC superstructure was assessed under various confinement geometries, enabling optimization of the long-range order within the microstructures formed. The confinement involved the planar capillary (with a rectangular cross-section)formed between two glass substrates with silicone boundaries. The impact of temperature, width and thickness of the capillary plane on self-assembly of the micro-scaled lamellar structures was evaluated. Thinner capillaries and lower temperatures were found to considerably improve long-range order and increase the frequency of the periodic microstructures formed. The drying process was monitored by rheological analysis, which showed an initial fast drying followed by slow drying due to the hindered diffusion through lamellae. The adhesive properties of the formed  superstructures were evaluated. The shear strength was shown to depend on the orientation of the superstructures and therefore of the CNCs. About 4 MPa adhesion strength was obtained when the lamellar superstructures were perpendicularly aligned with respect to the in-plane force applied, while ca. 3 MPa adhesion was obtained for parallel alignment. The experimental framework described herein enabled the evaluation of the impact of the dimensions of a drying meniscus on self-assembly of anisometric colloids while also linking cellulosic assemblies with their interfacial supramolecular interactions. This simple framework brings forward the possibility to correlate the behavior of nanometric objects with micro- and macro-scaled observations, e.g., macro-scaled mechanics of adhesion.
Intention to purchase sustainable craft products: a moderated mediation analysis of the adoption of sustainability in the craft sector
Authors: Prados-Peña María Belén , Gálvez-Sánchez Francisco Jesús , Núñez-Cacho Pedro , Molina-Moreno Valentín
Published: November 2022

In the modern world, the management of companies has evolved from a model characterized by the extraction, transformation, and generation of waste towards a more sustainable model. This transition affects even more traditional sectors, such as crafts. A key aspect of the transition towards more sustainable models is knowledge of the disposition of consumers with respect to these new artisan products. To date, few works have addressed this research problem, so this paper analyses consumer behaviour towards sustainable craft products empirically. To accomplish this goal, the effect of the image of sustainable craft products as perceived by consumers on their purchase intention is studied. Attitudes towards sustainable crafts, purchase intention, degree of consumer involvement and degree of knowledge concerning sustainability are considered as moderating variables. A questionnaire was distributed to a sample of handicraft consumers, and confirmatory factor analysis and an ordinary least squares regression model were used to study the data thus obtained. The results showed that the image of sustainable craft products as perceived by consumers influences their purchase intentions. In addition, this influence is increased when consumer attitudes towards and involvement with sustainable craft products increase. The results of this study can be useful for the sustainable crafts sector with respect to incorporating more sustainable products and designing marketing and communication strategies to help consumers learn about sustainability.
A Grammarian’s View of Negation: Nāgeśa’s Paramalaghumañjūs.ā on Nañartha
Authors: Lowe John J. , Benson James W.
Published: November 2022

The theory of negation developed in the grammatical-philosophical system of later Vyākaraṇa remains almost entirely unstudied, despite its close links with the (widely studied) approaches to negation found in other philosophical schools such as Nyāya and Mīmāṃsā, and despite its consequent importance for a comprehensive understanding of the theory of negation in ancient India. In this paper we present an edition, translation and commentary of the relevant sections of Nāgeśa’s Paramalaghumañjūṣā, a concise presentation by the final authority of the Pāṇinian tradition, together with an explanatory introduction outlining the grammarians’ theory of negation and its relations particularly with the Nyāya theory of negation.
Clinical observation of radiofrequency ablation for premature ventricular contractions originating from uncommon His-Purkinje sites
Authors: Huang Jing , Zhao Yidong , Yang Long , Liu Qifang
Published: November 2022

Background

Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) originating from common locations such as the proximal and middle fascicles of the His-Purkinje system (HPS) has been established as an effective therapy. This report aims to highlight the electrophysiological properties and RFCA of PVCs originating from uncommon locations of the HPS.

Methods

Among 57 patients with fascicular PVCs, 3 with fascicular PVCs originating from uncommon sites were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

We identified three patients with PVCs originating separately from diseased fascicles, the dead-end tract (DET), and the distal fascicle. In contrast to PVCs originating from the proximal and medial fascicles, the fascicular potentials could not be recorded at the target sites of patients with PVCs originating from diseased fascicles or the distal fascicle during sinus rhythm. However, these PVCs were successfully ablated from the HPS, guided by recording their earliest fascicular potentials in PVCs. PVCs originating from the DET are morphologically consistent with those originating from the proximal left anterior fascicle or the distal left bundle branch. The corresponding tiny sharp potential of the DET could be mapped, and RFCA of the right coronary cusp achieved successful suppression of PVCs.

Conclusions

The knowledge of the different electrophysiological characteristics of fascicular PVCs originating from uncommon locations can contribute to precise mapping and ablation. For such arrhythmia, the target site for successful ablation should be identified by earliest fascicular potential.
Policy Engagement Framework for Public Health: A Tool to Enhance Maternal and Child Health Workforce Capacity
Authors: Branscomb Jane , Powis Laura , Cilenti Dorothy , Dills James E. , Chaudhry Atyya
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This paper proposes a framework for characterizing policy engagement that expands options available to MCH and other public health professionals. Its aim is to inform workforce capacity building and empower practitioners to better leverage policy for advancing population health and equity.

Description

Policies of all types strongly influence population health and equity. Recognizing this, public health leaders identify policy engagement skills as key for public health professionals generally, and for maternal and child health (MCH) professionals specifically. Practitioners likewise see the importance of these skills and report deficiencies in them. Despite this gap, no literature to-date itemizes the range of policy engagement possibilities for public health professionals.

Assessment

The Policy Engagement Framework for Public Health addresses this gap by providing a language and organizing structure for the numerous ways engagement may take shape. The possibilities are combinations of a particular target policy source (the what) and jurisdiction (the where), a policy process phase (the when), and an engagement role (the how). Policy source and jurisdiction are broken down to highlight the many types to consider for a given topic and population. Established public health constructs are adapted to enumerate policy phases and public health roles.

Conclusions for Practice

The Policy Engagement Framework can enhance workforce capacity by expanding mindsets about ways public health and MCH practitioners can consider engaging. It can facilitate communication and clarity within an organization regarding what activities are permitted in staff’s official capacity. Finally, it can guide the strategic development of workforce education and training.
Terms used to describe and define activities undertaken as a result of the medication review process: Do they require standardisation? A systematic review
Authors: Alharthi Mohammed , Wright David , Scott Sion , Blacklock Jeanette
Published: November 2022

Background

Medication review (MR) is the systematic assessment of a patient’s medications by a healthcare practitioner. It is necessary to compare such MR interventions to rationalise differences between them and assess their impact. The development of an international taxonomy for terms used to describe activities undertaken within the MR process would facilitate quality of reporting, and the comparison of different interventions.

Aim

To identify overarching and individual MR activity terms and definitions reported within studies where MR was the main intervention.

Method

A systematic review of the literature was performed using search terms for ‘Intervention’ and ‘Outcome’. Papers with empirical data reporting and describing MR activities in English were included. The Mixed Method Appraisal Tool was used to assess research quality. Two researchers reviewed all included literature independently. Data extraction was performed using Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care to report study characteristics, and terms and definitions used to describe MR activities.

Results

Twenty-one papers were included: eight quantitative non-randomised trials (38%), eight randomised controlled trials (38%), and five quantitative descriptive studies (24%). Overarching interventions such as ‘Clinical’, ‘Education’ and ‘Technical’ were identified with no standardised definitions. Terms used to describe the medication review activities, such as stop, start and change, varied with significant potential for ambiguity.

Conclusion

The literature reports a variety of overlapping, ambiguous and undefined MR terms. As a result, comparing process evaluations from MR interventions may be difficult. A standardised taxonomy to describe, define and report MR activities is required.
A lineage explanation of human normative guidance: the coadaptive model of instrumental rationality and shared intentionality
Authors: Gonzalez-Cabrera Ivan
Published: November 2022

This paper aims to contribute to the existing literature on normative cognition by providing a lineage explanation of human social norm psychology. This approach builds upon theories of goal-directed behavioral control in the reinforcement learning and control literature, arguing that this form of control defines an important class of intentional normative mental states that are instrumental in nature. I defend the view that great ape capacities for instrumental reasoning and our capacity (or family of capacities) for shared intentionality coadapted to each other and argue that the evolution of this capacity has allowed the representation of social norms and the emergence of our capacity for normative guidance.
Thermoelastic Stress Measurement Using SVD Thermo-Component Analysis
Authors: Uchida Y. , Kanade T. , Shiozawa D. , Sakagami T.
Published: November 2022

Background

In self-correlation lock-in thermography for thermoelastic stress analysis (TSA), the acquisition position of the reference signal affects the accuracy of the obtained stress amplitude distribution. When the reference signal is not large enough compared to the noise, the stress amplitude distribution may be incorrect.

Objective

This study proposes a method that does not require a reference signal and frequency analysis to obtain the stress amplitude distribution with comparable or higher accuracy than that obtained using self-correlation lock-in thermography.

Methods

An observation matrix is generated from the temporal variation across all thermographic pixels to describe the thermal fluctuations due to stress. Thereafter, stress amplitude distribution and the original load signal are extracted from the observation matrix using singular value decomposition (SVD). The proposed method is called SVD thermo-component analysis. To investigate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the reconstructed load signal and stress distribution are obtained from the captured thermal images for the specimen under a sinusoidal load.

Results

The stress amplitude distribution obtained using the proposed method is equivalent to that obtained using conventional lock-in thermography with the original load signal as the reference signal. In addition, the reconstructed load signal obtained using the proposed method successfully represents the original load signal.

Conclusions

SVD thermo-component analysis does not require prior knowlege of the evaluated mechanical structure to select a suitable reference-signal acquisition position as in self-correlation lock-in thermography. Therefore, the proposed TSA method reduce analysis failures compared to the conventional method.
Surinamese–Hindustani Same-Sex Love Individuals: Coping with Negative Responses from Parents in a Collectivistic Culture
Authors: Bakboord Carla Alma , Keuzenkamp Saskia , Saharso Sawitri
Published: November 2022

How do people cope with homonegative responses from their family within a collectivistic culture? This study examines Surinamese–Hindustani same-sex love individuals and identifies a gap in the literature about same-sex love (SSL) individuals coping styles in collectivistic cultures. In Surinamese–Hindustani culture the self is interwoven with and inseparable from the family and family honour is considered extremely important. This study is part of larger research project consisting of 49 qualitative interviews conducted from 2013 to 2019 in the Netherlands and Suriname to examine how Surinamese–Hindustani same-sex love individuals experience their sexual identity. Thirty participants experienced negative reactions from their parents while the rest, 19, had not received any negative reaction from their parents when coming out to them for the first time. The focus of this article is on how these 30 participants cope with negative reactions from their parents while coming out to them for the first time. We identified four patterns of coping styles: understanding parents’ negative reactions, conforming to parents’ values of family honour, silent withdrawal, and standing up for one’s own interests. These patterns demonstrate that, contrary to what the scholarly literature on coping in collectivistic cultures claims, SSL individuals in collectivistic cultures do not necessarily solely use emotion-focused coping strategies but use a combination of both problem- and emotion-focused strategies.
Transforming Lignin Biomass to Value: Interplay Between Ligninolytic Enzymes and Lignocellulose Depolymerization
Authors: Ahmad Namra , Aslam Shakira , Hussain Nazim , Bilal Muhammad , Iqbal Hafiz M. N.
Published: November 2022

Lignin is the main constituent of lignocellulosic biomasses, which have a significant untapped ability to replace ecologically unfavorable and non-renewable fossil fuels. The lignin is broken down by ligninolytic bacteria, which also use a peripheral pathway to transform heterogeneous lignin derivatives into central intermediates like protocatechuate or catechol. By undergoing ring cleavage through the -ketoadipate pathway, these intermediates become metabolites by producing acetyl-CoA for internal product biosynthesis, including the creation of triacylglycerols and polyhydroxyalkanoates. Expanding our understanding of ligninolytic microbial communities, strains, and enzymes through bioprospecting can help us better understand the metabolism of aromatics. The most viable idea for sustainable development is the valorization of lignin into biopolymers as well as other high-value goods. This process is now being used to generate a variety of biopolymers, including polyesters, epoxies, phenol resins, poly (lactic acids), poly hydroxyl alkanoates, and polyurethanes. Furthermore, lignin recalcitrance remained a possible barrier to efficient lignin valorization, prompting several efforts to design high-efficiency bioprocesses to produce specific polymer types as well as other important bioproducts.

Graphical Abstract
Tuning d-spacing of graphene oxide nanofiltration membrane for effective dye/salt separation
Authors: Xing Chao , Liu Chang-Yu , Lai Chao , Zhang Shan-Qing
Published: November 2022

The interlayer spacing (i.e., d-spacing) plays a crucial role in determining the selectivity and permeability of nanofiltration membranes. A high-throughput directional filtration can be achieved by designing and controlling the d-spacing. In this study, the d-spacing of a graphene oxide (GO) membrane was tuned and fixed to the desired value (approximately 0.79 nm) using a solution of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and GO at a PEI/GO mass ratio of 15:1. The resultant PEI/GO was deposited on a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) substrate to form a robust composite nanofiltration membrane (a PEI/GO@PAN membrane). The as-prepared membrane exhibited an ultrahigh flux of 117.8 L·m−2·h−1, and the rejection values for Direct Red 80 (DR80) and Na2SO4 reached 99.7% and < 1.7%, respectively; these are desirable values for dye/salt separation. The PEI/GO@PAN membrane exhibited an excellent filtration performance, and had a longer lifespan and excellent reusability because of its reinforced nature. This work suggested that tuning the d-spacing with PEI would be an effective strategy to achieve the anticipated functions of nanofiltration membranes.

Graphical abstract
Using perennial plant varieties for use as living mulch for winter cereals. A review
Authors: Cougnon Mathias , Durand Jean-Louis , Julier Bernadette , Barre Philippe , Litrico Isabelle
Published: November 2022

Both from the environmental and economical perspective, reducing the use of mineral nitrogen and herbicides is one of the future challenges in cereal production. Growing winter cereals on perennial legume living mulch such as white clover (Trifolium repens L.) or lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) is one of several options to reduce the need for mineral nitrogen fertilizer and herbicides in winter cereal production. Given the importance of winter cereals in the world, adopting this technique could greatly improve the sustainability of crop production. Through competition with the crop however, the living mulch can negatively affect cereal yield. Here, we (i) review how living mulch can be introduced in the system, (ii) synthetize potential advantages and disadvantages of that system, and (iii) explore different strategies to control the competition between the crop and living mulch. The major findings are that (i) competition between cereals and mulch can lead to significant yield reductions if not controlled properly and (ii) perennial legume varieties used as living mulch so far are varieties bred for forage production. We hypothesize that a dedicated breeding program might lead to living mulch varieties with a smaller impact on cereal yield compared to forage varieties, allowing to grow cereals with reduced nitrogen and herbicide inputs. We propose the main characteristics of an ideotype for such a perennial legume variety.