bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacto social de la pandemia del Covid-19 en Panamá y análisis de eficiencia de los programas de transferencias monetarias
Authors: Garcimartín Carlos , Freire Carolina , Astudillo Jhonatan
Published: July 2021

El primer objetivo de este documento es realizar una estimación del impacto de la crisis de la COVID-19 sobre la pobreza y la desigualdad en Panamá basada en la Encuesta de Mercado Laboral de 2020. Según estas estimaciones, en comparación con 2019, la pobreza general habría aumentado 12,5 puntos y la extrema 6,8. Estos resultados, no obstante, reflejan una suerte de fotografía del momento en que se hizo la encuesta (entre septiembre y octubre de 2020), por lo que a medida que la economía continúe reactivándose estas cifras bajarán. El segundo objetivo es evaluar la contribución a la reducción de la pobreza de los principales programas de transferencias monetarias condicionadas con que cuenta Panamá. Dado que el objetivo de este análisis es de carácter estructural, hemos optado por realizarlo para 2019, evitando la especial coyuntura de 2020. Nuestras estimaciones sugieren que, pese a los avances logrados, el impacto de estos programas en la reducción de la pobreza es relativamente modesto, aunque mayor en cuanto a la brecha de pobreza. Las razones son diversas y, entre ellas, se encuentra su baja cobertura y elevada filtración. Ahora bien, cabe subrayar que conseguir una perfecta focalización podría reducir aún menos la pobreza. En parte, ello se debe a que el proxy actualmente utilizado para determinar la elegibilidad de los beneficiarios a los programas está desactualizado, de manera que un porcentaje relativamente alto de los beneficiarios “filtrados”, aunque no son pobres o pobres extremos según dicho proxy, sí lo son en términos de pobreza monetaria. Esto pone de manifiesto: 1) la disociación que se ha generado con el paso del tiempo entre la pobreza monetaria y la definida por el proxy; 2) lo necesario de avanzar en la implementación del nuevo proxy que ya tiene el país; 3) la importancia de realizar actualizaciones periódicas de los proxys; y 4) lo importante de seguir mejorando en la adecuada certificación de los receptores de los programas.
On the Advantages of the Neo-Markist Approach to International Relations
Authors: Tsyrenzhapov Alexander
Published: July 2021

The article deals with the paradigmatic problem of the theory of international research.
Much attention is given to the theory of neo–Marxism. This study highlights the main advantages and disadvantages of realism and liberalism.
Three-dimensional Modeling of Digital analogs of Urban Systems using an Agent-based Approach
Authors: Ageeva Alina
Published: July 2021

This article highlights the issues of creating 3D models of urban systems using an agent-based approach according to the implementation of the concept of a "smart city" and building a digital ecosystem for "smart" city management. The issues of creating digital models of cities used as a virtual environment for agent-based models of urban systems are overviewed. The main approaches to the creation of 3D agent-based models (with the functions of three-dimensional data analysis) to simulate various aspects of urban processes are listed. Conclusions about the reasons for the existing lack of attention of researchers to the issues of 3D visualization of agent-based models are presented.
Assessment of the prospects for the development of a charitable foundation when it is applied by the management subsystem of the project management type
Authors: Blokhina Elena
Published: July 2021

The article presents the results of the analysis of retrospective information about donors' money receipts to a charitable foundation in the city of Novokuznetsk. Based on the statistical calculations performed, the analysis of the dynamics of donations to a charitable foundation, which is due to the management mechanism of a charitable foundation based on a project-based approach, is carried out, and the relationship of this type of management with the prospect of the fund's activities is presented. differentiation of all donors into groups was carried out. It is shown that when the management subsystem of a charitable fund uses project-type management mechanisms, it is rather difficult to achieve stable financing of charitable activities; in order to stabilize the fund's work, it is necessary to apply a process approach, for which it is necessary for each group of potential donors to develop methods to stimulate their constant donations.
Método Altadir de planificación popular
Authors: Matus Carlos
Published: July 2021

Las dificultades en la aplicación de los métodos de planificación deben ser pensadas en el marco de la complejidad de los problemas que se quieren abordar y la debilidad institucional y organizativa que caracteriza a la mayoría de las instituciones de nuestros países. El Método Altadir de planificación popular (MAPP) es una expresión resumida de la lógica conceptual y metodológica de la obra Planificación estratégica situacional. El MAPP fue pensado para ser aplicado a nivel local. Vemos en él un dispositivo potente para colaborar desde lo organizativo en la solución de los problemas que se enfrentan en los territorios.
Проблемы определения функций прокурора в уголовном процессе
Authors: Бормотова Д.А. , Захарченко П.А.
Published: July 2021

В статье на основе анализа нормативно-правовых актов и научных трудов рассматриваются общие положения о полномочиях прокурора, как государственного обвинителя, и о его надзорной функции, описывается деятельность прокурора по участию в уголовном процессе, затрагиваются основные проблемы такого участия, выявляются явные противоречия между действующим законодательством и практикой осуществления прокурорской деятельности, определяется главенствующая роль прокурора как участника уголовного процесса.
Проблемы состязательности в уголовном процессе
Authors: Девличарова А.Р.
Published: July 2021

В статье рассматривается принцип состязательности сторон в уголовнопроцессуальном законодательстве, который играет ключевую роль при осуществлении уголовного судопроизводства. На основе анализа нормативно-правовых актов и научных трудов рассматриваются проблемы реализации данного принципа в досудебном производстве по уголовным делам.
Роль мотивации в процессе формирования правосознания у сотрудников органов внутренних дел
Authors: Канунников Р.И.
Published: July 2021

В научной статье дается анализ роли мотивации в процессе формирования правосознания у сотрудников органов внутренних дел. В работе исследуются возможности формирования положительной мотивации, способствующей преодолению деформаций правосознания у сотрудников органов внутренних дел.
Правовая природа смарт-контракта
Authors: Кокина У.Д.
Published: July 2021

Цель данной работы заключается в установлении правовой природы смартконтракта. Автором рассмотрены различные подходы к определению смарт-контракта и выделены его особенности. В результате анализа особенностей и различных подходов к определению смарт-контракта автор определяет смарт-контракт как соглашение сторон, которое исполняется автоматизированным образом и заключается в форме программного кода. В заключении автор приходит к выводу, что смарт-контракты представляют собой сделку с определенными особенностями и в настоящее время не урегулированы законодательством Российской Федерации.
Особенности реализации договора розничной купли-продажи в условиях развития цифровых технологий: плюсы и минусы
Authors: Кошелева С.А.
Published: July 2021

В данном научном исследовании отражены актуальность и особенности реализации договора розничной купли-продажи в сети «Интернет». В работе даѐтся характеристика дистанционной торговли. Проводится анализ нормативной базы, а также практики применения договора розничной купли-продажи в условиях развития цифровых технологий. В результате данного научного исследования были выделены как преимущества, так и недостатки электронной торговли.
Проблемы квалификации преступлений, связанных с суицидом
Authors: Лопашенко Н.А. , Плыс А.С.
Published: July 2021

В данной статье рассматриваются проблемы квалификации преступлений, связанных с доведением до самоубийства и склонением к совершению суицида,а также возможные варианты устранения этих проблем.
Исправительные работы и их проблемные стороны при квалификации
Authors: Лущикова А.М. , Васильев А.М.
Published: July 2021

В данной статье рассмотрена проблема реформы уголовно-исполнительной системы одна из важных задач, решение которой направлено на достижение основных целей Концепции развития уголовно-исполнительной системы Российской Федерации до 2025 года, которая заключается в расширении сферы применения наказаний и других мер.
Анализ женской преступности и выявление ее причин
Authors: Медведев С.С. , Обливанцева Д.В. , Небиеридзе Д.Н.
Published: July 2021

В данной статье проведен правовой анализ женской преступности, направленный на выявление ее причин. Актуальность исследования в том, что лица женского пола все чаще стали прибегать к совершению преступлений. Особенностью женской преступности является то, что она в сравнении с мужской преступностью носит не такой массовый характер, но с каждым годом количественные показатели, согласно статистическим данным, имеют тенденцию роста. И это несмотря на то, что в нашей стране женщин больше, чем мужчин. Безусловно, данная тема актуальна в настоящее время. Результаты данного исследования позволяют углубить познания.
Криминологические особенности личности насильственного преступника
Authors: Медведев С.С. , Казахецян Г.О. , Балашов Е.М.
Published: July 2021

В данной работе проанализированы особенности личности насильственного преступника. Представлены основные вопросы изучения личности насильственного преступника, а также проблемы, возникающие при расследовании преступлений, которые совершаются указанной категорией преступников. Личность человека является одним из важных аспектов в изучении его поведения и других особенностей. Именно глубокое изучение личности человека, в частности, преступника позволяет раскрыть значение его поведения. В свою очередь, тема является актуальной в настоящее время.
Понятие и условия нотариального удостоверения сделок
Authors: Поливанов В.В.
Published: July 2021

В данной работе проводится исследование понятия и условий нотариального удостоверения сделок. Правовой статус нотариата и нотариусов в Российской Федерации закреплен в нормативно-правовых актах, международных договорах, а также актах, утверждаемых нотариальным сообществом. Основным источником любого законодательства в российской правовой системе является Конституция Российской Федерации. Применительно к предмету настоящего исследования, наибольшее значение имеют положения, регламентирующие право каждого на квалифицированную юридическую помощь (статья 48), а также относящие нотариат к предмету совместного ведения Российской Федерации и еѐ субъектов (статья 72). Безусловно, данная тема требует длительного осмысления. Безусловно, данная тема требует длительного осмысления.
К вопросу о полномочиях по управлению коммандитным товариществом
Authors: Рабец А.П. , Новосѐлова Д.И.
Published: July 2021

В настоящей статье автор характеризует понятие «коммандитное товарищество», порядок управления товариществом на вере. Выявляя отличия в круге полномочий участников, связанных с управлением коммандитным товариществом, автор приходит к выводу о целесообразности наделения вкладчиков правом управления коммандитным товариществом хотя бы пропорционально суммам внесѐнных ими вкладов.
Increasing the efficiency of raw material preparation processes in fruit processing
Authors: Ashirbayev Zh.S. , Satayev M.I. , Azimov A.M. , Myrkhalykov Zh.U. , Berdikulov M.A. , Alekseyeva N.V. , Baiysbay O.P. , Duisebayev Sh.Y.
Published: July 2021

The paper describes the current state of dried fruits‘ production in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the value of dried fruits obtained from fruits of South Kazakhstan. The results of the analysis of promising technologies for dried fruits‘ production, in particular the line for fruits preparation for dried fruits‘ production, are presented, a description of the proposed equipment is presented: a washing bath for preliminary soaking and primary, easy washing.
Theoretical possible scenarios for the development economic crises and the way out of them
Authors: Pil E.A.
Published: July 2021

The article deals with the issues of classification different kinds of scenarios for countries using surfaces which their economy and population can occupy. Some formulas which are presented in this article allow us to calculate these surfaces. Present 2D-figures show us how economic crises can develop during time.
Проблема правового статуса самозанятого и пути его законодательного совершенствования
Authors: Быстро Е.А.
Published: July 2021

В статье рассмотрены вопросы правового положения самозанятых и института самозанятости в Российской Федерации. Проанализированы законодательные нормы, регулирующие статус самозанятых и выявлены проблемы в его правовой регламентации, в том числе отсутствие официального закрепления термина «самозанятый» в Гражданском кодексе РФ. Предложены меры по совершенствованию правового положения самозанятого в России.
Правовая политика в Луганской Народной Республике
Authors: Липская О.Н. , Годлевская В.Я.
Published: July 2021

Статья посвящена рассмотрению проблем, правового регулирования общественных отношений, возникающих в различных сферах жизни Луганской Народной Республике, как в публичных, так в и частных.
Зоонимы во фразеологической картине мира русского и адыгейского языков
Authors: Бгуашева З.Б. , Хейшхо Ф.И.
Published: July 2021

Статья посвящена зоонимам и их использованию во фразеологической картине мира русского и адыгейского языков. Цель авторов заключалась в установлении фразеологических единиц сопоставляемых языков, содержащих в своей структуре зоонимы, их описании с точки зрения семантических и функциональных особенностей и лингвокультурологической ценности.
Живописные приемы изображения драпировок в итальянской живописи XIV – XVII веков на примере произведений из коллекции Екатеринбургского музея изобразительных искусств
Authors: Пичугина О.
Published: July 2021

В статье рассматривается изменение методов изображения драпировок в трех живописных произведениях из собрания Екатеринбургского музея изобразительных искусств. Работа конца XIV века, созданная в мастерской флорентийских мастеров Cione, исполненная темперой демонстрирует метод построения формы на светлых подмалевках лессировками спектральных цветов. Усложнение приемов построения пластической формы связано с развитием техники масляной живописи и изменением объемно-пространственных характеристик произведений живописи. В качестве примеров приводятся работы Полидоро Ренци ди Ланчано и Рутилио Манетти.
Microcirculatory Liver Bloodstream in Hyperhomocysteinemia and Administration of Tautomeric Forms of Orotic Acid
Authors: Chuchkova N. N. , Pazinenko K. A. , Smetanina M. V. , Pazinenko O. A. , Panteleev K. E. , Chuchkov V. M. , Kormilina N. V. , Kanunnikova O. M.
Published: July 2021

The aim of  the  study  was  to  analyze  the  microvasculation  of  the  liver  in  administration  of  tautomeric forms of orotic acid for a methionine-induced liver pathology to assess the efficacy of the modified drugs and the potentialof their clinical use.

Material and  methods. The  study  included  30  white  outbred  rats,  that  were  simulated  methionine induced hyperhomocysteinemia by the administration of methionine, dosage 0.15 g/100 g of the body we ight, via food  during  4  weeks.  Animals  with  hyperhomocysteinemia  were  divided  into  4  groups:  animals  of  group  1  received orotic acid (OA) in the initial form (oxo-tautomer), animals of group 2 received hydroxy–tautomer OA after mechanomodification for 1 hour, animals of group 3 received dihydroxy-tautomer OA after mechanomodification for 6 hours. Histological preparations of the liver were used to evaluate the area of hepatocytes; diameters and areas of the central vein, the interlobular vein and artery, the bile duct, and the Visotto coefficient were calculated.

Results. Morphometric  data  of  the  hepatic  microvascular  bloodstream  with  simulated  hyperhomocysteinemia evidenced a general increase in the diameter and area of blood vessels, changes affected the system of blood inflow and outflow at the organ level. Administration of OA had a normalizing effect on the liver bloodflow, but the effects were different: the most pronounced effect was detected in administration of the hydroxy-form of the preparation, this can be explained by a modificationin the dispersion of the preparation (without changing the crystal lattice), an increase in the rate of dissolution in water and aqueous solutions, an increasein the number of functionally active groups in the heterocycle of the hydroxy-form of OA. Thus, the hydroxy-tautomer of orotic acid had the greatest efficacy relating to vasodilation of microvessels of the liver bloodstream in hyperhomocysteinemia; the fact suggesting feasibility of its further study in the clinical environment.
Atrakcje turystyczne, dziedzictwo i jego interpretacja - jako produkt turystyczny
Authors: Nowacki Marek
Published: July 2021

W artykule dokonano przeglądu i podjęto próbę usystematyzowania pojęć związanych z atrakcjami turystycznymi jako produktem turystycznym. Zaproponowano ich wzajemną zależność. Zwrócono także uwagę na potrzebę wyodrębnienia problematyki zarządzania atrakcjami turystycznymi oraz interpretacji dziedzictwa, jako przedmiotów nauczania na kierunku „turystka” wyższych uczelni.
Główne problemy badawcze w zakresie turystyki religijnej
Authors: Jackowski Antoni , Sołjan Izabela
Published: July 2021

W artykule podjęto zagadnienia terminologiczne związane z turystyka religijną. Zwrócono uwagę na znaczenie pielgrzymek i pielgrzymowania w świecie współczesnym oraz czynniki warunkujące te zjawiska. W rozważaniach teoretycznych przeanalizowano koncepcje badawcze dotyczące pojęcia turystyki religijnej i przedstawiono relacje między tą formą turystyki a pielgrzymkami. Zwrócono uwagę na konieczność wypracowania precyzyjnej definicji turystyki religijnej i określenia jej pola badawczego.
Percepcja śmierci w turystyce kulturowej
Authors: Tanaś Sławoj
Published: July 2021

Celem autora artykułu jest przedstawienie roli, jaką śmierć (jej wyobrażenia, symbolika i skutki) odgrywa w kształtowaniu społecznej przestrzeni turystycznej. Zaprezentowana została historia percepcji śmierci w ujęciu poznawczym oraz podano przykłady miejsc związanych ze śmiercią, będących przedmiotem zainteresowań turystycznych. Autor podejmuje próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie: dlaczego turysta od- wiedza miejsca związane ze śmiercią?
​​Genetic Divergence in Leafy Mustard (Brassica juncea var. rugosa) Germplasm Grown under Tarai Condition of Uttarakhand
Authors: Bhandari Dhiraj , Singh Anita
Published: July 2021

Background: Mustard represents a rich diversity and widely cultivated in 23 states and union territories of India. However, much of this diversity is concentrated in the Indo-Gangetic plains and the sub-mountain Himalayas. Genetic diversity plays a significant role in plant improvement because a hybrid between the lines of diverse origin usually display a greater heterosis than those between closely related ones which permit the selection of genetically divergent plants to obtain the desirable recombination of segregating generation. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to assess “Genetic Divergence in Leafy Mustard (Brassica juncea. var. rugosa) germplasm grown under Tarai condition of Uttarakhand” and to identify divergent parents for hybridization program, which would provide superior transgressive segregants from collected germplasm. Methods: The present investigation consisted of thirty-two genotypes of leafy mustard and the research was carried out at Vegetable Research Centre (VRC), G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar (Uttarakhand) in rabi season of 2015-2016. Mustard genotypes were sown in randomized block design with three replications in field and data were observed for seventeen quantitative and qualitative characters. The estimation of genetic divergence was done with the help of Mahalonobis D2 statistic as suggested by Rao (1952). Cluster analysis by Tocher method for all the traits was done. Result: Thirty two germplasm of leafy mustard for different characters and grouped them into six clusters using Mahalanobis D2 statistic. The analysis revealed the maximum inter cluster distance was (20534.12) between cluster V and cluster VI so, we can create variation by inter mating genotypes from these two clusters to each other and the maximum intra cluster distance in cluster III (441.91) with six germplasm. It means we can intermate genotypes of this cluster with each other (2014/MGVAR-2, FS-13-1, FS-13-4, 2014/MGVAR-4, PRHC-12-9-1, PRHC-12-7-2, FS-13-3 and Pusa Sag 1) to create variation in next generations. The clustering pattern could be utilized in selection of parents for crossing and deciding the best cross combinations which may generate the highest possible variability for various traits.
Care and Precision Medicine Research in the Time of COVID-19
Authors: Ison Juliana M. , Karlson Elizabeth W. , Jackson Jonathan D. , Hille Alexander , McCloud Cheryl , Bor Meg , Zhou Guohai , Clark Cheryl R.
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Enhancing the bidirectional benefit of precision medicine research in­frastructure may advance equity in research participation for diverse groups. This study explores the use of research infrastructure to provide human-centered COVID-19 resources to participants as a part of their research participation.Design: The All of Us New England (AoUNE) consortium research team devel­oped standardized check-in telephone calls to ask participants about their well-being and share COVID-19 resources.Participants: A total of 20,559 partici­pants in the AoUNE consortium received a COVID-19 check-in call.Methods: Research assistants called partici­pants during March-April 2020, distributed COVID-19 resources to interested partici­pants, and subsequently rated call tone.Results: Of the total cohort participants called, 8,512 (41%) spoke with a research team member. The majority of calls were rated as positive or neutral; only 3% rated as negative. African American and Black as well as Hispanic populations requested COVID-19 resources at higher rates than other groups.Conclusion: Calls made to AoUNE participants were received positively by diverse groups. These findings may have implications for participant-centered en­gagement strategies in precision medicine research.Ethn Dis. 2021;31(3):407-410; doi:10.18865/ed.31.3.407
Weight Misperception among African American Adolescents: The Jackson Heart KIDS Pilot Study
Authors: Beech Bettina M. , Bruce Marino A. , Cohen-Winans Samantha , Harris Kisa , Jones Raymond , Tyrone Rachel S. , Thorpe, Jr. Roland J.
Published: July 2021

Background: Weight misperception is a common problem among adolescents; how­ever, few studies have examined contribut­ing factors among an exclusively African American population. The purpose of this study was to examine factors associated with weight misperception among 12- to 19-year-old participants in the Jackson Heart KIDS Pilot Study (JHS-KIDS).Methods: Data were drawn from JHS-KIDS, a prospective, observational examination of cardiovascular-related risk factors among African American adolescents who were children or grandchildren of participants in the Jackson Heart Study. Adolescent weight misperception – discordance between mea­sured weight status and perceived weight status – was the primary outcome of inter­est. Self-reported weight control behaviors, parent concerns about adolescents’ weight, parent-perceived responsibility for adoles­cent’s weight and daily hassles were the primary independent variables of interest.Results: The analytic sample was equally divided by females (n=107) and males (n=105) and one third of study partici­pants (33.5%) had discordance between their actual and perceived weight. Results from fully adjusted sex-stratified modified Poisson regression models indicated that weight behavior control was significant among females (PR = .66, 95%CI:1.20- 2.30). Parental concerns about child weight were significant for males. Each additional point increase in the parent’s concern about their weight score was associated with a 9% increase in the adjusted prevalence of weight misperception among males (95%CI: 1.03-1.16).Conclusions: The sex-specific patterns in this study highlight heterogeneity among African American adolescents and an urgent need to consider sex and gender when developing targeted interventions for youth who are at high risk for weight misper­ceptions and unhealthy weight control practices. Ethn Dis. 2021;31(3):461-468; doi:10.18865/ed.31.3.461
Prime Optimization
Authors: Shipilevsky Yuly
Published: July 2021

This is a pioneering work, introducing a novel class of optimization of objective functions over subsets of primeonly integer points. We show a rich variety of Prime Optimization and mixed problems.
ANÁLISE DA GESTÃO DE RESÍDUOS DE BENS MÓVEIS: ESTUDO DE CASO DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO TOCANTINS
Authors: Carvalho Magnny Maisy de Barros , Serra Juan Carlos Valdés
Published: July 2021

Em busca do melhoramento na gestão e gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos, apresentado na Politica Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (Lei n.12305/2010) surge também outra abordagem: sobre os resíduos de bens móveis patrimoniados. Diante disto surge o decreto n. 9373/2018, com o intuito de facilitar a tomada de decisão dos gestores públicos, pois regulamenta sobre a alienação, cessão, transferência, destinação e a disposição final ambientalmente adequada de bens móveis na administração pública federal direta. Através dele, as instituições foram capazes de padronizar seus procedimentos, facilitando classificação e destinação de resíduos. Desta forma, este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a gestão dos resíduos de bens móveis na Universidade Federal do Tocantins, sobretudo em relação à aplicação do decreto n. 9373/2018. A metodologia do estudo foi dividida em duas fases: a primeira é a fase teórica, através do levantamento de informações, com uso da revisão de literatura e da legislação acerca do assunto, e a segunda fase foi a realização de entrevista não estruturada com servidores do quadro Técnico Administrativo da Universidade. Como resultado, observou-se que a Universidade Federal do Tocantins possui o decreto como principal parâmetro para regulamentar as decisões tomadas em relação aos bens móveis, entretanto ainda há algumas dificuldades na gestão patrimonial. Isto pode ser justificado pela logística multicampi da Universidade ou até pela ausência de um sistema de controle patrimonial mais intuitivo.
OCUPAÇÃO URBANA DAS ÁREAS DE PRESERVAÇÃO PERMANENTE: ANÁLISE DAS INFRAÇÕES AMBIENTAIS E DAS INCONSTITUCIONALIDADES DA LEI Nº 20.922/2013
Authors: Souza Edson De , Romanholo Maria Inês De Assis
Published: July 2021

Como a água é um bem essencial para a vida, tradicionalmente as populações procuraram se instalar em locais que facilitassem o seu acesso, daí a justificativa para a maioria das cidades serem fundadas próximas a recursos hídricos, sendo que o crescimento populacional desordenado e a grande especulação imobiliária valorizaram de forma exorbitante os terrenos urbanos. Com isso, foi inevitável a implantação de atividades humanas nas faixas marginais de cursos d’água. Diante desse contexto histórico, o presente estudo apresentou o escopo de analisar o instituto da ocupação antrópica consolidada urbana, de modo a estabelecer a correta aplicação da legislação ambiental em face de intervenções em áreas de preservação permanente. Ao findar, conclui-se que em locais cujo meio ambiente encontra-se, em sua maior parte, modificado pelo homem por meio de parcelamento de solo, benfeitorias e edificações, tem-se a ocupação como antrópica consolidada. Assim sendo, intervenções que não impliquem em supressão de vegetação nativa típica do bioma local não ocasionam danos ambientais e não deveriam ser consideradas ilícitas, sob pena de interferência injustificada no direito de uso da propriedade, lesando, dessa forma, a função social do imóvel urbano em busca da proteção de áreas que já não cumprem funções ambientais.
SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO: UMA ALTERNATIVA PARA O CONTROLE DA POLUIÇÃO VEICULAR
Authors: Baptista ventura Luciana Maria , De Almeida D'agosto Márcio
Published: July 2021

Os veículos a diesel tem se mostrado um grande vilão da qualidade do ar por todo mundo. Desde o final da década de 80, diversos países passaram a implantar Programas de Inspeção e Manutenção de veículos em Uso (Programa I/M) como instrumento de controle das emissões. Aliado a isso, Europa e Estados Unidos há mais de 25 anos adotam o sensoriamento remoto (SR) como uma ferramenta de controle adicional no combate à poluição veicular. Porém, no Brasil as ações de mitigação das emissões veiculares tem se concentrado apenas na fabricação de veículos novos menos poluentes, que com pouco tempo de uso tendem a emitir de 3-4 vezes mais do que quando era 0 km. Em função da baixa adesão ao programa de I/M, este trabalho visa propor o SR instalado em postos de pesagem em rodovias federias como uma alternativa viável (operacionalmente simples e de baixo custo) de controle de veículos reconhecidamente mais emissores de poluentes atmosféricos, que são os veículos pesados, em especial os caminhões. Tornando-se o SR mais um instrumento de controle previsto no Programa de Controle da Poluição do Ar por Veículos Automotores. Pois, estudos revelam que esse tipo de controle pode desencorajar a circulação de veículos em mal estado de conservação, com emissões a cima dos limites legais e estimular a manutenção periódica deles, devido a maior fiscalização e a possibilidade do condutor levar multas. Portanto, parte do investimento poderia ser recuperado com menos gastos com saúde pública.
INFLUÊNCIA DAS VARIÁVEIS CLIMATOLÓGICAS NA OCORRÊNCIA DE TUBERCULOSE NA REGIÃO NORTE DO BRASIL
Authors: Costa da Silva Luana , Cirino Saraiva Bianca Cristina , Da Costa Glênea Rafaela , Araujo Soares Lorena Fernanda , Pinheiro Martins Denílson do Socorro , Rosa Gama Amanda
Published: July 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo comparar e analisar a influência das variáveis climatológicas na ocorrência de tuberculose nas capitais da região norte do Brasil com interferência de anomalias ocorridas nos anos de 2007 e 2017. Segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) a tuberculose é a doença de agente único que mais mata, superando o HIV. Para avaliar a relação do aumento na quantidade de casos confirmados de tuberculose pelo Datasus com as variáveis climatológicas como precipitação, temperatura, umidade relativa e velocidade do vento, adquiridos pelo INMET, foram feitas análises de correlação utilizando o programa estatístico Rstudio 3.4. Observou-se que o município de Macapá foi o único que apresentou redução na incidência de tuberculose na região amazônica. Além disso, percebeu-se outliers em Manaus\AM na variável de velocidade média do vento nos anos de 2007 e 2017, Palmas -TO nas variáveis de precipitação no ano de 2007 e velocidade média do vento no ano de 2007 e no Rio Branco - AC na variável de temperatura média compensa no ano de 2017. Para reduzir o número de pacientes com tuberculose, faz-se necessário o desenvolvimento de maiores estudos e um maior comprometimento na implantação de políticas públicas para a região amazônica.
ANÁLISE DO PROCESSO DE CONCESSÃO DE SERVIÇOS DE USO PÚBLICO NAS ÁREAS PROTEGIDAS DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO
Authors: Reis Alessandra Freire dos , Queiroz Odaléia Telles Marcondes Machado
Published: July 2021

O presente artigo teve como objetivo a análise do processo de concessão de serviços de uso público nas áreas protegidas (AP) do Estado de São Paulo, sob a perspectiva do planejamento participativo. Realizou-se o levantamento histórico do tema, de documentos do processo que culminou no sancionamento da Lei nº 16.260, de 29 de junho de 2016 e o acompanhamento das etapas que precederam o edital de licitação de serviços de uso público no Parque Estadual da Cantareira (PEC). Contatou-se, que o tema é legislado no Estado desde a década de 1960, porém esteve inerte nas últimas décadas tendo sido retomado na agenda política recentemente. A promulgação da Lei e os ritos participativos, a despeito de terem ocorrido oficialmente, negligenciaram o aprofundamento do debate e a incorporação de diferentes interesses. As audiências públicas e reuniões de conselho consultivo demonstraram-se meros espaços de exposição e legitimação do projeto previamente concebido. Contatou-se a necessidade de reflexão e modernização dos espaços participativos a fim de incorporar, genuinamente, demandas da sociedade civil, assim como faz-se necessário, também, o aprofundando de estudos sobre modelos alternativos de parcerias com entidades privadas e/ou da sociedade civil organizada.
Propelling the future - the meaning of ACARE VISION 2050 for the future development of propulsion systems for aircraft
Authors: PEITSCH Dieter
Published: July 2021

In the year 2000, a group of personalities of aerospace industry, government and research institutes formed the ACARE ("Advisory Committee on Aerospace Research in Europe”) and established the well-known VISION 2020. This vision reflects the targets to reduce the environmental impact of air traffic: reducing both carbon dioxide and noise emissions by half and nitrogen oxide emissions even by 80%. Industry and universitypartners since then jointly defined measures to achieve these challenging goals. Many research programs were implemented funded by national and international bodies, such as the European Union within the Framework program. However, the current status still inhibits further needs to install intense research work.
Module engine operating on example of Pratt&Whitney F100-PW-229
Authors: USAREK Włodzimierz
Published: July 2021

The article presents operation of Pratt&Whitney jet engine F100-PW-229 used in F-16 planes used by Polish Air Forces. The description bases on general construction of the engine andfocuses on its modularity. Besides, there has been described the rules of operation ofF100-PW-229 engines. The article concentrates also on specifics of maintenance and repairs of module engines and competence offlight squadrons forperforming such repairs.
Modelling and analysis of some parameters of thermal cycle of IC engine with EGR
Authors: TUTAK Wojciech
Published: July 2021

The results of modelling of thermal cycle of spark ignition internal combustion engine with exhaust gas recirculation are presented. Results of the impact of EGR on the emission of NO in the exhaust and heat release rate are presented. The optimization of thermal cycle was carried out in terms of ignition advance angle in order to obtain the possible highest value of efficiency and the least NO emission. Optimizing the engine cycle, a compromise between the thermodynamic parameters of cycle and emissions can be reached.
Camless hydraulic valve timing system in combustion engines
Authors: MITIANIEC Władysław , BAC Grzegorz
Published: July 2021

The paper discusses the control of the operation of combustion engines through a camless electro-hydraulic valve timing system aiming at a lower exhaust emission and increased overall efficiency. The paper presents an electro-hydraulic valve system and a mathematical model of the fluid flow. The model was simulated in Matlab–Simulink for different geometrical parameters of the hydraulic system and electric control parameters in order to obtain a required valve lift and timing in the Toyota Yaris gasoline 1.3 l engine. The paper presents the Simulink model and the results of calculation in Simulink. Additionally, a comparison of engine parameters with a standard cam valve system and those of the camless hydraulic valve timing system have been shown for different engine speeds obtained from the simulation in GT-Power software. The obtained results show a significant increase of the engine torque and efficiency at higher engine speeds for the considered camless system in the Toyota Yaris gasoline engine. The paper showsboth the advantages and disadvantages of the described valve system.
The approximated dynamic vehicle characteristics constructed based on the driving tests
Authors: ROMANISZYN Kazimierz M. , WNĘK Henryk
Published: July 2021

The paper presents the issue of the construction of the fuel consumption and exhaust emissions dynamic characteristics based on the data obtained during the NEDC and FTP-75 driving tests. The results presented in the publication are based on the tests of a class C vehicle, performed in a certified exhaust emissions laboratory. The distributions of engine crankshaft accelerations as a function of its speed for both tests at 1-second intervals have been collated. At these points the measurements of the exhaust emissions were carried out. The authors described the conditions in which modal measurements of the fuel consumption and exhaust emissions in both tests were carried out. The results of the measurements were used for the construction of the approximated characteristics being the functions of velocity and acceleration of the engine crankshaft. Based on the obtained measuring results the approximated dynamic characteristics of the emissions of the four main exhaust components have been developed and the approximations were done with the use of the third order functions. An analysis of the obtained results has been performed and the authors presented the differences resulting from the construction of the above characteristics based on the combined data from the NEDC and FTP-75 tests and each of the tests separately. Moreover, the differences between the data obtained from the individual tests have been presented and evaluated graphically. The obtained results have been summarized and evaluated.
The on-road exhaust emissions characteristics of SUV vehicles
fitted with diesel engines
Authors: MERKISZ Jerzy , PIELECHA Jacek
Published: July 2021

The paper presents the results of on-road exhaust emission tests of Sport Utility Vehicles fitted with diesel engines, and a DPF (diesel particulate filter). Under such conditions the authors could determine the actual vehicle emissions. The tests were performed on a road portion of a hundred kilometers or so – these tests provide information on the on-road emissions and are a basis for their ecological evaluation. For the measurement of the exhaust emissions the authors used a portable exhaust emissions analyzer SEMTECH DS by Sensors Inc. The analyzer measured the concentration of the exhaust components at the same time measuring the exhaust mass flow. The measurements of the particulate matter (mass, number and spectral distribution) were done with the use of particle analyzer by AVL and a mass spectrometer by TSI. The obtained data were used to calculate the relations that characterize the influence of the dynamic engine parameters on the exhaust emissions. These properties were taken into account indirectly using the whole range of speeds and accelerations of the vehicle for the preparation of the matrices of the emissions rate. The used data were averaged within individual speed and acceleration ranges thus obtaining the characteristics of the share of operation in individual ranges and the characteristics of the emission matrices of the individual emission components. The above results served for defining of the emission level indicator of the vehicles that can be used for classification of vehicle fleet in terms of their emission level.
The impact of kinematics of the airflow on the efficiency of combustion process in piston engines
Authors: PIĄTKOWSKI Piotr
Published: July 2021

The technical possibility of decreasing engine emissions and fuel consumption in relation to the increase in the usable engine parameters has been presented in the paper. The above problem relates to the dynamic and kinematic properties of airflow into the combustion chamber. The effect of swirl in the intake manifold that refers to the achieved engine operating parameters and emission level was presented in the paper. The included results of the experimental research of airflow swirl in the air intake model allowed getting answers related to the issues of flow resistance. The analysis of literature and the analysis of the modeling results led to conclusions about the theoretical and practical possibilities of flexible intake duct implementation.
The time of the first transition of the semi-Markov process in the evaluation of diesel engine operation
Authors: RUDNICKI Jacek
Published: July 2021

The paper presents the extension of the method discussed in the literature of quantitative evaluation of operation on the example of a marine engine. According to this interpretation, the engine operation can be shown as a physical quantity. In this aspect, based on the main marine diesel engine an evaluation of the usefulness of this index for the description of the engine reliability related properties has been performed.
Apart from the generally used reliability indexes, it seems purposeful to consider the engine operation (as well as its functional subsystems) in the evaluative way, so that it could be described by both energy and time.
In this aspect, in the analysis the semi-Markov processes theory was used that allowed a description of the concept of the model of the engine deterioration process as a random one. The problem of the time of the first transition of the semi-Markov process to a subset of specified classes of states representing particular technical and reliability-related states of engine was described in detail.
Development of vehicle exhaust emission testing methods – BOSMAL’s new emission testing laboratory
Authors: BIELACZYC Piotr , SZCZOTKA Andrzej , PAJDOWSKI Piotr , WOODBURN Joseph
Published: July 2021

Legislation regarding the reduction of harmful exhaust emissions, greenhouse gases and fuel consumption is one of
the strongest drivers of development in automobile design. Emissions standards in the European Union (EU), USA and
Japan determine not only maximum permissible emissions factors, but also emissions testing methods and laboratory
design. BOSMAL has risen to meet these challenges by investing in a new, state-of-the-art emissions testing laboratory,
housed within a climate chamber. This paper presents BOSMAL’s new M1/N1 vehicular emissions and fuel consumption
laboratory in a climatic chamber for the testing of vehicles in accordance with the Euro 5 & 6 and US Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) & California Air Resources Board (CARB) standards. The specifications, capabilities and design
features of the sampling and analysis and climate simulation systems are presented and discussed in relation to the
increasing drive for cleaner light duty road vehicles. A recently-installed particle number counting system is described
in the context of European Union legislation on the emission of particle matter from CI and SI vehicles. The laboratory
permits BOSMAL’s engineers to compete in the international automotive arena in the development and construction of
new, more ecologically friendly and increasingly fuel efficient vehicles.
Tractive efficiency of a vehicle at variable speed
Authors: SIŁKA Wojciech
Published: July 2021

The paper presents the method and results of the car tractive efficiency comparative investigations. Both technical
characteristics and fuel consumption values of numerous cars tested in the ECE simulated driving cycles were used as
the input data. On the basis of the obtained data together with simulated tractive energy consumption the correlation
between tractive efficiency and selected parameters of a vehicle were determined. The proposed method also allows
indirect determination of the average engine effective efficiency of a vehicle at variable speed.
Emission of metal-oxide particles from IC-engines
Authors: ULRICH Andrea , MAYER Andreas , KASPER Markus , WICHSER Adrian , CZERWIŃSKI Jan
Published: July 2021

All conventional piston-driven combustion engines emit metal oxide particles. The main sources are the abrasion
between piston-ring and cylinder, abrasion in the bearings, catalyst coating, lube-oil additives, and fuel additives for
promoting the exhaust-gas after-treatment. Metal oxides, especially from transition metals, are very toxic when they are
very fine. These particles have a high BET surface and penetrate the biological system. Hence, these particles must be
scrutinized for quantity, size distribution and composition. This paper draws from published data and mainly the VERT
certification tests, which prescribe a size specific metal analysis.
The total mass of metal oxide is 0.1 – 1 mg/km, which appears negligible. But these particles are in the 10 – 20 nm
size range. Hence, this small mass represents 1015 particles per kilometer. This is approximately the same number as
soot particles emitted by diesel engines. Public health should focus on the metal oxide particles that are smaller and
probalby more toxic than the soot particles. SI engines run at higher RPM and therefore emit more metal oxide particles
than Diesel engines. Highly efficient filtration of such particles seems therefore necessary for all engine categories
The qualitative spray analysis of liquid fuel in high-pressure piezoelectric injection system
Authors: WISŁOCKI Krzysztof , PIELECHA Ireneusz , CZAJKA Jakub , MASLENNIKOV Dmitrij
Published: July 2021

The paper presents the methodology and tests results of the influence of the fuel injection pressure and combustion chamber back pressure on the changes of the fuel spray geometrical parameters injection uniformity and its quality during the injection. While evaluating the geometrical fuel spray parameters the spray penetration, speed of propagation were taken into account and while evaluating the quality of the fuel atomization the outflow of the fuel from the injector were considered. The tests reported here were performed for one value of the air back pressure at the various injection pressures. The fuel doses were changed by modifying the duration of the injection. A significant influence of theses parameters on the values of the operating indexes of the injection and atomization processes has been noted.
Development of an optical swirl sensor for DI-diesel engines
Authors: VANHAELST Robin , CZAJKA Jakub
Published: July 2021

In this paper the systematic development of an optical swirl sensor to measure the swirl ratio in an operating serial
turbocharged DI-diesel engine is described.
The optical sensor detects the visible light of the combustion, in particular the emission of the sooting flame in a
wavelength range from 600 nm up to 1000 nm. The acceptance angle is so small that the soot clouds from every spray
can be detected as they are beeing turned under the optical sensor by the swirling flow. In a first part the new optical
probe method was validated on a transparent engine by comparison with high speed video recordings. In the second
part several hardware variations were made on a serial DI-diesel engine which was equipped with a variable swirl
valve. The influence of the opened- and closed swirl valve constellation, the piston geometry and the injector influence
on the swirl ratio was measured with the optical probe technique. The results were compared with a zero dimensional
simulation model.
There was a good agreement between the swirl measurements and the 0D-model. The optical swirl sensor has proven
to be a powerful tool to optimise the combustion process. Without any modifications on the cylinder head, the effect of
application parameters and hardware parts on the swirl strength can be quantified for all engine loads and speeds.