bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sistem za upravljanje digitalnih filmskih in avdiovizualnih vsebin ter njihova dostopnost - vzpostavitev filmskega in avdio-video arhiva
Authors: Torov Vladimir
Published: January 2022

Slovenski filmski arhiv pri Arhivu Republike Slovenije (v nadaljevanju: ARS/SFA) prevzema filmsko in avdiovizualno (dalje: AV) arhivsko gradivo v skladu z arhivsko zakonodajo. Producenti izročajo arhivsko gradivo v formatih in oblikah, ki jih Arhiv RS določi kot primerne formate za dolgoročno hrambo. V ta namen ARS/SFA pripravil določene standarde, orodja in postopke, ki nam bodo omogočali prevzem, preverbo, obravnavo, dosegljivost in hrambo prevzetega gradiva ter vzpostavitev celotnega sistema. Avtor predstavlja nekatere izzive, procese ter osnove, potrebne za vzpostavitev sistema za upravljanje ter dostopanje do digitalnih filmskih in AV-vsebin arhivskega gradiva, ki bo temelj za obravnavo ter shranjevanje takšnega gradiva v Arhivu RS. Tako bomo pregledali osnovo sistemov MAM (Media Asset Management), formata Digital Cinema, različnih video formatov ter način obravnave in hranjenja le-teh.
Digitization of Archival Records At the State Agency of Kosovo Archives
Authors: Bekim Aliu
Published: January 2022

The paper focuses on the challenges and problems faced by the State Agency of Kosovo Archives in digitizing the "Economic Court-Pristina" fonds. The project team tackles broad and specific technical and intellectual challenges, from managing rights to an online access environment to the sustainability of used equipment. To better understand the challenges we have faced and what we are being faced with in digitization, we will first discuss in this paper the projects that the Agency itself had carried out as well as digital documents resulting from researches done in the similar archives. Then we will talk about the process of the currently digitized fonds, about technical challenges, personal data protection and finally the lessons learned so far from this pilot project.
Personal Fonds of Mustafa Mulalić - Was it under Embargo!?
Authors: Gušić Sejdalija , Gašić Milena
Published: January 2022

The authors discuss the problems of the personal fonds of Mustafa Mulalić, kept by the Historical Archives Sarajevo. Life and work of the creator and manners of acquisition of his legacy are presented. Special attention is given to the processing of archival materials, the preparation of an analytical inventory and publishing of kept works. The authors discuss the question of access and use of such archival materials, where the archives has to consider all legal copyrights.
Analiza ustreznosti formatov za dolgoročno hrambo in metapodatkov pri digitalizaciji arhivske kulturne dediščine
Authors: Jenuš Gregor , Hajtnik Tatjana , Paulič Anja , Pfajfar Vanja
Published: January 2022

Digitalizacija arhivske kulturne dediščine sodi med ene od temeljnih nalog in procesov, ki so na podlagi arhivske zakonodaje zaupani slovenskim arhivom. Njena vloga se je skozi zadnja desetletja spreminjala. Od procesa, s katerim zagotavljamo dolgoročno materialno varstvo arhivskega gradiva, saj s pretvorbo gradiva iz analogne v digitalno obliko zavarujemo originalno arhivsko gradivo pred materialnimi poškodbami, se je digitalizacija razvila v proces, ki omogoča širšo diseminacijo arhivskega gradiva, saj z njo gradivo postane dostopnejše tako v obstoječih čitalnicah slovenskih arhivov kot tudi v virtualni arhivski čitalnici, ki jo slovenska javna arhivska mreža razvija v okviru projekta e-ARH.si. Avtorji se v prispevku posvečajo spremembam vloge digitalizacije, njene vrednosti v sodobni informacijsko-komunikacijski družbi kakor tudi konkretnim strokovnim vprašanjem, ki posegajo na področje priprave arhivskega gradiva za digitalizacijo, določitve metapodatkov ter formatov za dolgoročno hrambo, obsegajo pa tudi njihovo skladnost z mednarodnimi standardi.
Podvigi junakov iz Calvadosa - dokumentarno gradivo, ki je porušilo atlantski zid
Authors: Lavrenčič Aleksander
Published: January 2022

Članek obravnava vprašanje zbiranja in posredovanja informacij. Anketa med arhivskimi delavci je pokazala, kako bi posamezniki ravnali v posameznih okoliščinah. Pregled in analiza rezultatov ankete sta potrdila, da se danes ljudje zavedajo pomena informacij, vseeno pa včasih ravnajo neodgovorno z dokumenti in se ne zavedajo nevarnosti nepooblaščenega dostopa do dokumentov.
The Significance of Archival Selection and Disposal
Authors: Pijuk Pejčić Aleksandra
Published: January 2022

Today, in an overproduction of documents, it is necessary to be able to differentiate between important and unimportant; it is necessary to be able to properly select archival records and to dispose of current records. The processes of selection and disposal are very important in the system of protection of materials whose final goal is preservation of archival records and their transfer to the Archives. Although there are several measures ensuring the proper creators' procedures implementation, it is a very complex and responsible work for the Archives Advisory Board, because it must remove all the possibilities of an improper creators' disposal. In this article, we will describe the significance and the procedure of selection of archival records and disposal of current records in the records management under the supervision of the Historical Archives Sarajevo with all their advantages and disadvantages.
Digitization of Hungarian Military Registers
Authors: SZERÉNYI Ildikó
Published: January 2022

In Hungary, the mandatory military service existed for almost 300 years (1715-2004), and therefore affected the life of a significant number of families. This study gives a review of the digitization project of the military registers of the National Archives of Hungary (NAH). The history of the military register collection dates back to the 1960s, when the original archival records were collected from the county archives and were microfilmed in the microfilm laboratory of the NAH in Budapest. Although the collection is outstanding for family and scientific researchers as well, this unique source type remained almost unknown to researchers for decades. After the digitization of microfilm rolls, the digital images became available online and received a warm welcome from the public.
Sodelovanje pristojnega arhiva in imetnika arhivskega gradiva na primeru podjetja Vegrad Velenje
Authors: Prša Anja , Kranjec Jože
Published: January 2022

Namen prispevka je predstaviti primer dobre prakse in uspešnega sodelovanja med pristojnim arhivom (Zgodovinski arhiv Celje) ter imetnikom arhivskega gradiva (Vegrad Velenje, d. d. - v stečaju). Prispevek se v večji meri nanaša na časovno obdobje, ko je bilo podjetje Vegrad že v stečajnem postopku in je moralo poskrbeti za izročitev arhivskega gradiva, hkrati pa tudi za nadaljnjo hrambo preostalega dokumentarnega gradiva, ki ga arhiv ni prevzel. Prispevek je sestavljen iz dveh delov; prvi prikaže potek dogodkov in medsebojno sodelovanje arhiva in imetnika, drugi pa, do kolikšne mere se je uporaba teoretičnih znanj s področja arhivistike lahko prenesla v praktično delo na terenu. Prikazuje izziv, kako so se morala ustaljena pravila arhivske stroke prilagajati sprotnim ugotovitvam pri delu na gradivu ustvarjalca.
Digitalizacija v arhivu, primer iz Mestnega arhiva Pforzheim
Authors: Anžič Kemper Sonja
Published: January 2022

Prispevek govori o digitalizaciji arhivskega gradiva in pripomočkov za uporabo arhivskega gradiva v nemškem prostoru in opiše pristop k digitalizaciji v Mestnem arhivu Pforzheim od začetka, preko digitaliziranja pripomočka za uporabo fotografske zbirke, določil za odlaganje in hranjenje digitalnih kopij arhivskega gradiva pa vse do priprave strategije za digitalizacijo v arhivu.
Personal Data in Archives and their Use: Fonds Population census in Sarajevo in 1910 - Case Study from the Sarajevo Historical Archives
Authors: Alibašić-Fideler Almira
Published: January 2022

In this paper, the archival fonds „Population census in Sarajevo in 1910" will be presented as a unique example of preserved records in Bosnian archives. It will also be discussed in terms of the implications of processing, presenting and using this fonds, and the direct personal data that are contained within it.
MoReq2: after 10 years. Some considerations on systems for managing records
Authors: Popovici Bogdan Florin
Published: January 2022

In 2008, the author attended a conference in Toulouse (France), where DLM Forum officially issued a significantly updated version of a much-praised Model Requirements for the Management of Electronic Records (MoReq). Ten years afterwards, it may be a good moment to look back on how history tested this specification for managing records. The paper will look for avatars of this specification and dedicated systems and try to make some reflections about managing electronic records, more or less in a standardized way.
Creation of Authentic Digital Copies in the Form of Original by the Process of Digitization
Authors: Buršić Edvin , Stančić Hrvoje
Published: January 2022

In order to secure the usability of records over the retention period, the archives conduct digital preservation actions which may entail conversion, migration and other procedures. When using digitization for creating copies in the form of originals, the archives should consider the trustworthiness of the process - the involved professionals, equipment, software, and procedures. These are the critical points in the process of converting physical originals into digitized originals having legal validity. The authors discuss the authenticity of records converted from physical to digital form. They argue that a digitized record is a copy in the form of an original if it meets the requirements of completeness, reliability of the process, integrity and availability. The authors define 53 requirements to be met in the process of digitization.
So osebni in poslovni podatki varni na pametnih telefonih?
Authors: Špehonja Boštjan , Burnač Danilo , Androić Sanja , Pungartnik Milka ,   Mariborski vodovod, j. p., Maribor, Slovenija
Published: January 2022

Vse več podjetij se zaveda nevarnosti uporabe pametnih telefonov v povezavi s poslovnimi, zaupnimi in osebnimi podatki, saj se je pogosto izkazalo, da je ravno pametna naprava vektor odtujitve takšnih podatkov iz podjetja. Uporabniki pametnih telefonov se velikokrat obnašamo, kot da z njimi še vedno samo telefoniramo, v resnici pa je pametni telefon postal nadomestna naprava računalnika. Na njem dostopamo do elektronske pošte, internih podatkov podjetja, upravljamo aplikacije in se na več načinov povezujemo v interno omrežje podjetja. Problem nastane, ko se takšna naprava izgubi in uporabnik nima nastavljenih vseh varnostnih mehanizmov, ki preprečujejo odtujitev podatkov iz naprave. Po drugi strani pa je notranjemu uporabniku najlažje odtujiti podatke iz podjetja ravno preko pametne naprave. Zato v veliko podjetjih že vpeljujejo mehanizme, kako varovati podatke na pametnih napravah, ter imajo vzpostavljena interna pravila za tako imenovane naprave BYOD (Bring Your Own Device). K sprejemu varnostnih ukrepov za zavarovanje osebnih in poslovnih podatkov zavezujejo podjetja področna zakonodaja, zahteve posameznih standardov ter v primeru javnopravnih oseb zahteve za potrditev notranjih pravil. Deležniki kritične infrastrukture morajo imeti zavedanje o kibernetski varnosti na še višjem nivoju. Priporočljivo je preverjanje in izboljševanje varnosti informacijsko-komunikacijske tehnologije z občasnimi izvedbami notranjih in zunanjih varnostnih pregledov ter najem ali nakup certificirane programske opreme ali storitev. Prikazan bo primer iz prakse podjetja Mariborski vodovod, ki je sprejelo in uvedlo nekaj varnostnih ukrepov za zaščito poslovnih podatkov podjetja in osebnih podatkov, katerih upravljavec je podjetje pred odtujitvijo.
Availability and Use of Sensitive Personal Data: Fonds of the Cantonal Prosecutor's Office of the Canton of Sarajevo - Case Study from the Historical Archives Sarajevo
Authors: Čekić Džemila , Šarčević Alen
Published: January 2022

The authors of the paper present certain provisions of the Act regulating the issue of accessibility and use of archives, the availability of the archival fonds of the Cantonal Prosecutor's Office of Sarajevo Canton, which was acquired by the Historical Archives Sarajevo in terms of use, sensitivity of data, personal data, publications, conditions and manner of use as well as access limitation periods for using individual archival documents.
Arhivski sistem DYNAMIC II.
Authors: Šijanec Ivan
Published: January 2022

V prispevku je predstavljen nov sistem premičnih regalov Dynamic II, ki je zasnovan z mislijo na uporabnika. Predstavljeni sistem ima naprednejše funkcije, hkrati pa so uporaba in nastavitve sistema zelo poenostavljene.
Access to Archives and ICARUS Digital Platforms: Data Protection in Theory and Practice
Authors: Lemić Vlatka
Published: January 2022

Access to archival material is a complex issue, wider than archival profession and related to legal, administrative and political factors, and increasingly to the IT sector as well. This area is fundamentally regulated by archival legislation, but due to the existence of other relevant regulations with different accessibility approaches, archive regulations and procedures need to be systematically harmonized with current regulations, leading to numerous open issues in the practical work of the archives. In this paper the author presents a European legal framework on the use of information and data protection relating to archival material in the digital environment, and analyses its practical implications through the example of ICARUS's international digital archive platforms.
The Influence of Special Legal Regulations on the Degree of Protection and Use of Archival Material of Personal and Secret Provenience - the Bosnian-Herzegovinian experience
Authors: Šabotić Izet
Published: January 2022

The author deals with the influence of some special regulations such as the Law on Freedom of Access to Information, the Law on Personal Information and the Law on Classified Information on the Protection and Use of Information. These are regulations that conflict with provisions of archival legislation, which in turn creates a problem and raises new issues. The general characteristic of these regulations relate to the treatment of only the operational function of archival information in terms of its protection and use. The other function relates to information of provenance which relates to the cultural and historical significance of the same and is not adequately treated in the said regulations. All this has a major impact on the reduction of historical and cultural memory, and is detrimental to science and society as a whole.
Zaščita osebnih in drugih občutljivih podatkov v avdiovizualnih arhivih med zakonskimi zaporami in etičnimi ovirami ali preprekami
Authors: Lavrenčič Aleksander
Published: January 2022

Namen prispevka je prikazati težave, ki se pojavljajo pri zaščiti osebnih podatkov v televizijskih oddajah in pri obdelavi podatkov v avdiovizualnih arhivih. Avtor prispevka v prvem delu obravnava etične ovire, ki nastanejo pri delu ustvarjalcev programa, v drugem delu pa zaščito osebnih podatkov, ki jih Radiotelevizija Slovenija pridobi med poslovanjem. Cilj raziskave je ugotoviti, kako poiskati tanko in občutljivo mejo med zaščito osebnih podatkov in svobodo obveščanja.
Digitized Records in the Archives of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Protection and Accessibility
Authors: Domazet Siniša
Published: January 2022

In 2018, the Archive of Bosnia and Herzegovina digitized for the first time a complete fond - the BiH Religious Affairs Commission. This particular fond was selected because it was highly sought after, had no backups and consisted of only 114 archival boxes, which is the appropriate volume for the pilot project. In addition, the documents have been processed with an OCR program (it is necessary to manually enter certain corrections though). Once stored in the database, it was possible to be simultaneously used by several researchers from different locations and without contact with the originals. Suddenly, it has become simply unthinkable that until yesterday a technician had to go to the depot to fetch requested document. Almost unthinkable. The remaining 99% of the fonds are still processed by conventional methods. However, the example of the Religious Affairs Commission demonstrated in practice what kind of a bright future awaits the archives, after they master their first clumsy steps toward full digital maturity. This paper presents current progress in the Archives of Bosnia and Herzegovina and its efforts to move forward with this demanding process, since the digital archive has been recognized as an indispensable part of the time to come.
Collision between Legal Regulations on the Protection of Personal Data and Legal Regulations on Archival Work
Authors: Dervišbegović Elvira
Published: January 2022

The paper deals with the topic of collision between legal regulations on the protection of personal data and the legal regulations on archival work. The legal regulation applied by the Personal Data Protection Agency in Bosnia and Herzegovina often conflicts with the legislation that regulates archival work and lays down retention periods in the Records Schedule for given documentation. Due to this lack of uniformity of regulations, Archives has often been faced with requests for destroying the kind of records which have to be permanently retained. The paper also proposes possible solutions for overcoming this problem by both protecting the rights of individuals and remaining consistent to archival legislation.
Estimating Generalised Flood Sew Coeficients for Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Lang David Hong Jer , Mohd Puad Amirah Hanim bt. , ABDULAZIA INTAN SHAFILIAH BT. , AN HONG KEE
Published: January 2022

Flood estimations based on itting the frequency of occurrence of annual peak discharges using the Log-Pearson Type 3 distribution are commonly used but they are sensitive to the skew coeficients of the gauging stations. The estimation accuracy can be improved by using a weighted average population skew coeficient calculated from the sample station skew and the generalised unbiased skew. The U.S. Water Resources Council (WRC) has documented guidelines for estimating the generalised skew coeficients and published a map of generalised skew values for the United States. The map shows isolines of skew coeficient values and the average skew coeficient for each 1-degree quadrangle of latitude and longitude for the United States. Following the WRC guidelines, many of the state authorities in the US have developed the generalised skew coeficients separately on a state/regional basis. In Malaysia, the Log Pearson Type 3 distribution has been widely used for lood peakestimation but there are no guidelines available for estimating the generalised skew coeficients for use in con–unction with the distribution and as more accurate results can be obtained if these data are available, it is clear that a regional lood skew study is needed. With the regional sew data available, the peak low can be simply and easily calculated with the aid of a software such as HEC-SSP. The aim of this paper is to use the WRC guidelines to derive the generalised skew coeficients using the peakannual discharge data of Peninsular Malaysia for general use.The WRC recommended several techniques for estimating and evaluating generalised s—ew of the Log-Pearson Type 3 distribution for the annual peakdischarges. Station skews (skew coeficients computed from gauging station records) and unbiased and weighted skews derived from these station skews are to be used to develop these techniques. In this study, peak discharge records at 66 gauging stations having 16 or more annual peak discharges in Peninsular Malaysia were selected for computing station skews. Station skew values ranged from -0.831(log10 unit) to 1.475 (log10 unit).The three techniques recommended by WRC used for estimating the generalised skew of annual peak discharges were adopted for this study. These methods are: (1) An isoline map, (2) a prediction equation (3) a regional mean skew. Attempts to develop a prediction equation were unsuccessful. An error analysis showed that the regional mean skew method has a lower MSE (mean square error) than that obtained from the state wide generalised skew coeficient contour map. As a result, the mean station skew for the selected gauging stations can be used to estimate the generalised skew for any gauging site in the peninsula.The mean skew is -0.022 (log10 unit) and the associated mean square error is 0.05 (log10 unit).
EEG based Spatial Attention Shifts Detection using Time-Frequency features on Empirical Wavelet Transform
Authors: Altan Gokhan , Inat Gulcin
Published: January 2022

The human nervous system has over 100b nerve cells, of which the majority are located in the brain. Electrical alterations, Electroencephalogram (EEG), occur through the interaction of the nerves. EEG is utilized to evaluate event-related potentials, imaginary motor tasks, neurological disorders, spatial attention shifts, and more. In this study, We experimented with 29-channel EEG recordings from 18 healthy individuals. Each recording was decomposed using Empirical Wavelet Transform, a time-frequency domain analysis technique at the feature extraction stage. The statistical features of the modulations were calculated to feed the conventional machine learning algorithms. The proposal model achieved the best spatial attention shifts detection accuracy using the Decision Tree algorithm with a rate of 89.24%.
Diabetes Prediction Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Kiziltas Koc Seyma , Yeniad Mustafa
Published: January 2022

Technologies which are used in the healthcare industry are changing rapidly because the technology is evolving to improve people's lifestyles constantly. For instance, different technological devices are used for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. It has been revealed that diagnosis of disease can be made by computer systems with developing technology.Machine learning algorithms are frequently used tools because of their high performance in the field of health as well as many field. The aim of this study is to investigate different machine learning classification algorithms that can be used in the diagnosis of diabetes and to make comparative analyzes according to the metrics in the literature. In the study, seven classification algorithms were used in the literature. These algorithms are Logistic Regression, K-Nearest Neighbor, Multilayer Perceptron, Random Forest, Decision Trees, Support Vector Machine and Naive Bayes. Firstly, classification performance of algorithms are compared. These comparisons are based on accuracy, sensitivity, precision, and F1-score. The results obtained showed that support vector machine algorithm had the highest accuracy with 78.65%.
TARİHÖNCESİNDE SANAT VE BAĞLAMLARI
Authors: YILMAZ Yasemin
Published: January 2022

Tarihöncesi sanata dair kalıntılar zengin bir çeşitlilik sunmakta, dünyanın birçok yerinde açığa çıkarılmakta ve farklı zaman dilimlerine tarihlenmektedir. Makale Üst Paleolitik Dönem’de, Batı Avrupa’da özellikle Fransa ve İspanya’daki mağaralarda bulunan sanata dair kalıntıları, bunların ekseninde yürütülen tartışmaları ve ileri sürülen hipotezleri değerlendirmektedir. Paleolitik sanat üzerine çalışan bazı araştırmacılara göre, sanatsal üretim insanın olmazsa olmaz özelliklerinden biridir. Bu nedenle, sanatın ortaya çıkışı, Homo sapiens göçü, sembolik düşünce, kültürel modernlik, anatomik modernlik, mit, bilinç gibi kavramlarla örülen bir sistemle ele alınarak, sanatın hangi dinamikler çerçevesinde ve neden üretilmiş olabileceğine dair hipotezler önerilmektedir. Tarih öncesi sanatına dair kalıntılar taşınabilir ve taşınamaz sanat ürünleri olarak sınıflandırılır. Taşınabilir grupta, taş, kemik, diş ve ahşaptan üretilen nesneler ve figürinler yer alır. Bunların gündelik işlerde veya ritüel amaçlı kullanıldığı düşünülmektedir. Taşınamaz sanat ise mağara, kaya altı sığınağı ve açık havadaki kayalık yüzeylere işlenen gravür, boya ve alçak kabartma teknikleriyle yapılmış betimlemeleri kapsar. İşlenen konular ağırlıklı olarak doğal ortamından ayrıştırılarak betimlenen hayvanlar, antropomorfik figürler, insanlar ve motifler/işaretlerdir.
MERET OPPENHEIM VE HEYKELLERİ
Authors: SOYSUREN Ummugulsum , ZÖNGÜR Canan
Published: January 2022

20. yüzyıl, sanatın felsefi ve edebi yönden sorgulandığı ve kırılmaların yaşandığı bir dönem olarak tarihe geçmiştir. Meret Oppenheim bu tartışmaların içinde sanat hayatına başlamıştır. Kadının rolünün aile ile sınırlandığı, seçme- seçilme hakkının bile olmadığı toplumsal bir ortamda sanat çalışmalarını sürdürmüştür. Sanatçı, sanat dünyasının da kadına aynı rolleri yüklediğini ve sanat çevresinin toplumun diğer kesimlerinden farklı olmadığını gözlemlemiştir. Bu durum onu hayal kırıklığına uğratmıştır. Bu bağlamda sanat ve sanatın içinde kadın sanatçı olarak var olma mücadelesi vermiştir. Kadın ve kadın sanatçı olmanın yarattığı psikolojik sorunlarla mücadele ederken, Yahudi bir babanın kızı olarak İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nın sıkıntılarını da bizzat yaşamıştır. Bu çalışmada Meret Oppenheim’ın Sürrealizmle başlayıp, farklılaşarak ölümüne kadar devam eden sanatsal süreci incelenmiştir. Yöntem olarak literatür taraması yapılmış, sanatçı hakkında yayımlanan kaynaklar taranmış ve eserlerinin sergilendiği sergi ve kataloglar araştırılmıştır. Sanatçının rüyaları, hayalleri, Carl Gustav Jung’un Analitik Psikolojisi ve arketiplerinden referans alarak somutlaştırdığı eserleri incelenmiştir. Aynı zamanda ‘kadın sanatı mı? sanat mı? kadın sanatçı mı? gibi sorgulamaları ortaya çıkaran çalışmaları ve sanatsal yaşamı üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir.
GÖRMENİN POLİTİKASI ve SANAT TARİHİNDE ERKEN KAMUSAL İMGE KURGUSU: ASUR DUVAR KABARTMALARI
Authors: SELÇUK N. Müge
Published: January 2022

Yerleşik yaşantıyla görülen kamuya yönelik anıtsal imgelerin, biçimsel unsurlarında politik yaklaşımlar gözlenmiştir. Bu durum, öncelikle üretimin sürekliliğinin merkezindeki bilince ait (iktidar sahipleri) farkındalık ve manipülatif bir tutum olarak ele alınabilir. Çünkü zihnin manipüle edilmesi, imgelerle yaratılan yanılsama ile mümkün olmuştur. Bu araştırma; öncelikle imgeyi anlamlandırmada, zihinsel sürecin fiziksel ilk aşaması “görme” davranışı ve ardından beyinde gelişen psikolojik bildirimleri tartışmaktadır. Bu amaçla kitleler için üretilen anıtsal imge örneklerinin, muhatabı için ne tür işlevleri olduğu soruşturulmuştur.

Sanatın erken örnekleri olarak kamusal imgelerin göndergesel niteliğinin tarihsel veriler ışığında sorgulanması, sanat fenomeninin kökenine yönelik kavrayışa katkı olarak değerlendirilmektedir.

Araştırma kapsamında, katı iktidar politikaları ile yayılmacı anlayışı benimseyen ve siyaset araçlarına kamusal imgeyi dâhil eden, Asur medeniyetine ait duvar kabartmaları analiz edilmiştir.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Network and Communication Technologies Vol. 6, No. 2
Authors: Lee Bruce
Published: January 2022

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Network and Communication Technologies Vol. 6, No. 2, 2021.
Impact of gastrointestinal differences in veterinary species on the oral drug solubility, in vivo dissolution, and formulation of veterinary therapeutics
Authors: Martinez Marilyn N. , Papich Mark G. , Fahmy Raafat
Published: January 2022

Many gaps exist in our understanding of species differences in gastrointestinal (GI) fluid composition and the associated impact of food intake and dietary composition on in vivo drug solubilization. This information gap can lead to uncertainties with regard to how best to formulate pharmaceuticals for veterinary use or the in vitro test conditions that will be most predictive of species-specific in vivo oral product performance. To address these challenges, this overview explores species-specific factors that can influence oral drug solubility and the formulation approaches that can be employed to overcome solubility-associated bioavailability difficulties. These discussions are framed around some of the basic principles associated with drug solubilization, reported species differences in GI fluid composition, types of oral dosage forms typically given for the various animal species, and the effect of prandial state in dogs and cats. This basic information is integrated into a question-and-answer section that addresses some of the formulation issues that can arise in the development of veterinary medicinals.
Do Credit Supply and Unemployment Risk Matter for Household Saving? Evidence from Poland
Authors: Kłopocka Anna Maria , Wilczyński Ryszard
Published: January 2022

This paper contributes to the literature on the effects of uncertainty on household saving – a long-standing and extensively explored topic yet leaving a number of issues inconclusive. It concentrates on the labor income uncertainty by addressing saving against unemployment risk in terms of changes in credit supply and households’ financial wealth. Time series analysis uses dataset of quarterly observations from 2003 Q4 to 2019 Q3 for Poland. It provides empirical evidence of the negative relationship of changes in households’ financial wealth and credit availability with the household propensity to save, in line with the buffer saving model. Furthermore, it contributes to the discussion on the choice of uncertainty measures referring to the labor market with a recommendation to employ the subjective (perceived) unemployment expectation index rather than the objective unemployment rate. These results are meaningful for policy implications. They emphasize the role of credit availability for household consumption/saving decisions. In case of expansionary monetary policy and making credit easier to acquire for households, all other things equal, a negative effect on the household saving rate may be expected. This poses a question about the risk of households’ overreliance on credit and therefore about their financial stability in emergency situations.
Tax Expenditures in Local Taxes - an Effective Instrument of Local Tax Policy? The Example of Poland
Authors: Felis Paweł , Gołębiowski Grzegorz
Published: January 2022

This study examines the size and diversity of tax expenditures (TEs) by gminas (municipalities) in Poland between 2007 and 2019. Consequences of gminas' taxing power and the reduction of revenues resulting from statutory tax preferences were taken into account. To analyze the data, we used: scatter graphs (showing the relationship between two selected variables) and plot graphs (showing the course of the values of the studied variables over time, to show the dynamics of the phenomena). The scatter graphs showed, sometimes strong, linear correlative relationships. No clear curvilinear relationships were found, therefore we applied Pearson correlation. Gminas used TEs to a small but also highly variable extent. The factors determining their use involved: the type and potential of the gmina; the type of local tax. The research hypothesis was partially positively verified. The increase in the incremental % of TEs' share in tax revenue has a positive impact on the incremental trend of revenue growth in the following year. The use of TEs in real estate and vehicle taxes may have strengthened the revenue potential of some gminas in the consecutive years.
Global or Adapted Advertising? Consumer Evaluation of Advertising Activity of Foreign Enterprises on the Polish Market
Authors: Nowacki Robert
Published: January 2022

Intensification of globalization processes in the contemporary world entails consequences for all areas of socio-economic life. The latter concerns also advertising, which is particularly sensitive to the developments occurring in the global environment. Expansion into foreign markets presents enterprises with the dilemma of how to advertise their products and services. The specific question which appears in this context is whether to use standardized or adapted advertising. The attitude of the audience on the target market is of key importance. The present article also focuses on the impact of globalization on the recipients’ perception of the advertising activity of foreign companies operating in the Polish market. Assessment of the degree of acceptance of foreign enterprises’ standardized advertising activities on the Polish market, their attractiveness and impact on competitiveness, from the perspective of Polish consumers. The basis for the study are the findings of a survey conducted in 2019 and 2020 on a sample of Polish consumers aged 15+ selected using the quota method. The subject of the research were opinions on advertising activities used on the Polish market by foreign companies, taking into account the differentiation into global and adapted advertising. The respondents assessed the level of attractiveness and acceptance of activities related to advertising standardization procedures. The results of the research indicate that Polish consumers perceive the globalization of advertising and have mixed feelings about it. On the one hand, they appreciate the attractiveness of standardized advertisements, on the other, they assess their effectiveness as worse. However, the respondents also point out that they have a positive impact on the competitiveness of foreign companies. The perception of standardized advertising is generally not dependent on demographic characteristics. There is only a slight direct effect of age on the perception of attractiveness and effectiveness of standardized and adapted advertising.
The Importance of Social Media in Managing the Image of the Educational Institutions
Authors: Jędrzejczyk Waldemar , Brzeziński Stanisław
Published: January 2022

The subject of the article relates to the use of social media in organizational activities aimed at creating a positive image of an organization. The image is an important element of the organization’s strategy—it shapes its distinctiveness, distinguishes it from competitors, and determines how the organization is perceived in the environment. Image is created at the interconnection between the organization and its stakeholders. A significant role in the process of shaping the image is played by marketing communication, which is subjected to increased virtualization due to the progressing digital transformation. The attributes of social media predestine them to be used in the process of image creation. The main purpose of this article is to assess the importance of social media in the process of managing the image of educational institutions. The rules of the market economy apply not only to business organizations but also increasingly to other types of organizations, including educational institutions. Following the example of enterprises, educational institutions must also build a positive image of the organization. In the presented empirical research results, the research subject was narrowed down to one type of educational institution, namely secondary schools. The research has shown that all analyzed schools use social media and the school’s website as tools to promote and build their image in the local community. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of using these tools is low.
Impact of Consumer Awareness on Switching Behavior in Banking
Authors: Szopiński Tomasz
Published: January 2022

In the era of open banking, the phenomenon of bank switching will intensify. The aim of the current study is to answer the following question: is switching, or not switching banks, a result of conscious and independent decision-making? The results from primary data demonstrate that the switching group clients are more conscious than non-switching group clients. They are more likely to compare offers from different banks, visit blogs about finances, demonstrate independence in making financial decisions, and use more service providers which improves their knowledge concerning the offers. The analysis of perceptual maps shows that the switching group is differentiated by various switching costs.
Pyramidal Ownership and Company Value: Evidence from Polish Listed Companies
Authors: Aluchna Maria , Kuszewski Tomasz
Published: January 2022

This paper examines the effects of pyramidal ownership. Using the sample of 162 non-financial companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange during the period 2010-2014, we verify the relation between the adoption of a pyramidal structure and company value. Specifically, we show that the link between pyramidal ownership and company value is more complex than previously thought addressing the aspect of ownership concentration and dual class shares. Our results indicate that the use of pyramids is associated with a higher value measured by Tobin’s Q, supporting the efficient monitoring hypothesis. Contrary to our expectations the combination of pyramidal ownership and dual class shares is correlated with lower Q. Finally, while the adoption of a pyramid by a majority shareholder does not impact firm value, the combination of a pyramid, ownership concentration and dual class shares is associated with higher Q. This finding suggests that the blockholder ownership outweighs the possible cost of excessive disproportionate ownership and that pyramids and dual class shares have different effects on company value.
The Effect of Pneumoperitoneum-induced Hypertension During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Under General Anesthesia on Postoperative Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Pournajafian Alireza , Khatibi Ali , Zaman Behrooz , Pourabbasi Amir
Published: January 2022

Background: Acute postoperative pain is a significant cause of morbidities. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of intraoperative blood pressure during laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia on postoperative pain in patients without underlying disorders. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 72 patients undergoing general anesthesia for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly assigned into two groups: Group A with higher than baseline preoperative blood pressure (MAP allowed to increase up to 20% higher than baseline MAP by inducing pneumoperitoneum) and group B with normal to low blood pressure (MAP deliberately controlled at a tight limit from normal baseline MAP values to 20% less than baseline by titrating TNG infusion). The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) after 2, 8, 12, and 24 hours of surgery, and the total dose of meperidine used to manage postoperative pain were recorded and compared between the two groups. Results: The pain scores in group A were significantly lower than group B (P = 0.001). The postoperative analgesia request time was different between the two groups (P = 0.53). During the first 24 hours, the total meperidine consumption dose in group A was significantly lower than in group B (P = 0.001). Conclusions: High intraoperative blood pressure may affect the postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy and lead to less postoperative pain score and analgesic requirements.
Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Hepatitis A Virus in the Wastewater Treatment Plant of Ekbatan Town in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Nasiri Mitra , Yousefi Ghalejoogh Zohreh , Ataei-Pirkooh Angila , Bokharaei-Salim Farah , Monavari Seyed Hamidreza , Tavakoli Ahmad , Asadifar Behnam , Esghaei Maryam , Pasalari Hasan , Samimi-Rad Katayoun , Kiani Seyed Jalal
Published: January 2022

Background: Limited sources of fresh water necessitate the application of health policies for treatment and decontamination of human sewage for further use. A wide variety of infectious agents, including bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses, can be found in sewage. Enteric viruses such as hepatitis A virus (HAV) can survive the current treatments and infect susceptible hosts. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate HAV contamination in human sewage before and after treatment in the wastewater treatment plant of Ekbatan town in Tehran, Iran, and analyze the phylogenetic properties of the identified viruses. Methods: Over a 12-month period, we collected the wastewater samples including influent, before chlorination, and effluent, from the wastewater treatment plant of Ekbatan town in Tehran, Iran. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) extraction, complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) synthesis, and semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed to identify HAV contamination. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to investigate subgenotypes of the virus. Results: HAV was detected in all influents and samples before chlorination, while the virus was detected in 50% of the effluent samples. All detected viruses belonged to subgenotype IB. Conclusions: Investigating the presence of HAV in sewage provides a general picture of the virus spread in the population of interest. HAV was detected in all influent samples, indicating that the infection is endemic in this area all year round. This also indicates the inability of the current treatment protocols in virus removal, which can be a threat to the public health.
An exploration into the contributing cognitive skills of lifeguard visual search
Authors: Laxton Victoria , Mackenzie Andrew K. , Crundall David
Published: January 2022

Lifeguard drowning detection in swimming pools and beach settings is influenced by experience. The current experiment explores the cognitive skills that might underlie this experience effect. Lifeguard and non‐lifeguard performance in a domain‐free multiple object avoidance (MOA) task and a partially domain‐free functional field of view (FFOV) task was compared to performance on an occlusion‐based drowning detection task. Lifeguards performed better than non‐lifeguards on the MOA task and the FFOV central task (identifying whether an isolated swimmer was drowning). However, only performance in the central FFOV task was associated with performance in the occlusion‐based drowning detection task, and this was the only part of the two tasks that was not domain‐free. These results suggest lifeguard drowning detection is mainly driven through the learned ability to process behaviours of drowning swimmers quicker than non‐lifeguards. Therefore, it may be possible to train novices' ability to detect drowning swimmers through an exposure task.
Country‐Led Approaches in Land Management and Design
Authors: Mouritz Liam , Breedon Alex
Published: January 2022

Liam Mouritz, of global multidisciplinary architecture, landscape and urban design practice Hassell, and landscape architect Alex Breedon look at the Australian context of the Green New Deal, arguing that a decolonial cultural shift is occurring and is much needed if methods to mitigate the climate crisis can be equitably sustained. In short, caring for Country is also caring for our collective selves.
Town, Country and Wilderness: Planning the Half‐Earth
Authors: Vettese Troy , Pendergrass Drew , Mesko Filip
Published: January 2022

Theorists of Half‐Earth Socialism Troy Vettese, Drew Pendergrass and Filip Mesko explain their global societal vision and explore how eco‐socialist planning can create a just and sustainable society. They argue that the problem of land scarcity is an opportunity to erode the separation of city and country, while vast swathes of the world could be rewilded.
Unraveling Heat Transport and Dissipation in Suspended MoSe2 from Bulk to Monolayer
Authors: Saleta Reig David , Varghese Sebin , Farris Roberta , Block Alexander , Mehew Jake D. , Hellman Olle , Woźniak Paweł , Sledzinska Marianna , El Sachat Alexandros , Chávez‐Ángel Emigdio , Valenzuela Sergio O. , van Hulst Niek F. , Ordejón Pablo , Zanolli Zeila , Sotomayor Torres Clivia M. , Verstraete Matthieu J. , Tielrooij Klaas‐Jan
Published: January 2022

Understanding heat flow in layered transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) crystals is crucial for applications exploiting these materials. Despite significant efforts, several basic thermal transport properties of TMDs are currently not well understood, in particular how transport is affected by material thickness and the material's environment. This combined experimental–theoretical study establishes a unifying physical picture of the intrinsic lattice thermal conductivity of the representative TMD MoSe2. Thermal conductivity measurements using Raman thermometry on a large set of clean, crystalline, suspended crystals with systematically varied thickness are combined with ab initio simulations with phonons at finite temperature. The results show that phonon dispersions and lifetimes change strongly with thickness, yet the thinnest TMD films exhibit an in‐plane thermal conductivity that is only marginally smaller than that of bulk crystals. This is the result of compensating phonon contributions, in particular heat‐carrying modes around ≈0.1 THz in (sub)nanometer thin films, with a surprisingly long mean free path of several micrometers. This behavior arises directly from the layered nature of the material. Furthermore, out‐of‐plane heat dissipation to air molecules is remarkably efficient, in particular for the thinnest crystals, increasing the apparent thermal conductivity of monolayer MoSe2 by an order of magnitude. These results are crucial for the design of (flexible) TMD‐based (opto‐)electronic applications.
Determination of the kinetics of chlorobenzene nitration using a homogeneously continuous microflow
Authors: Cui Yongjin , Song Jing , Du Chencan , Deng Jian , Luo Guangsheng
Published: January 2022

The nitration of chlorobenzene with concentrated mixed acids is a fast and highly exothermic process, which suffers from considerable mass transfer resistance and poor heat transfer rates. The reaction kinetics has not been thoroughly reported before. In this work, a continuous‐flow microreactor system and a homogeneous reaction condition were proposed to obtain accurate chlorobenzene nitration kinetics parameters at high mixed acid concentrations. A general model for predicting the observed reaction rate constants was established. With a new method for estimating the equilibria associated with HNO3 in aqueous sulfuric acid, the rate constants based on nitronium ion and activation energies were obtained. Compared with batch reactors, the continuous‐flow microreactor system allows for a sufficient heat transfer efficiency and accurate residence time control, making it possible to study the reaction performance more quickly and sensitively. This work may provide a reliable reference for the kinetic study of similar processes.
Efficient separation of 1,3‐butadiene fromC4hydrocarbons by flexible metal–organic framework with gate‐opening effect
Authors: Lu Wang , Huang Hongliang , Hejin Zhu , Yanjiao Chang , Xiangyu Guo , Fan Yang , Zhong Chongli
Published: January 2022

Efficient and economical separation of 1,3‐butadiene (C4H6) from C4hydrocarbons is imperative yet challenging in industrial separation processes. Herein, a guest‐induced flexible Mn‐bpdc metal–organic framework (MOF) has been employed to separate C4H6from C4hydrocarbons, includingn‐butene (n‐C4H8),iso‐butene (iso‐C4H8),n‐butane (n‐C4H10), and iso‐butane (iso‐C4H10). Significantly, C4H6can instantaneously induce gate‐opening of Mn‐bpdc MOF at 0.13 bar and 298 K, thus significant amounts of C4H6can be adsorbed, while other C4hydrocarbons cannot induce the gate‐opening even at 1 bar. The uptake selectivities of Mn‐bpdc MOF for C4H6/n‐C4H8and C4H6/iso‐C4H8are up to 40.0 and 45.0 at 298 K and 1 bar, respectively, both surpassing all the reported adsorbents. In addition, breakthrough experiments verify that C4H6/n‐C4H8, C4H6/iso‐C4H8, C4H6/n‐C4H10, C4H6/iso‐C4H10, C4H6/n‐C4H8/n‐C4H10, and C4H6/iso‐C4H8/iso‐C4H10mixtures can be efficiently separated. More importantly, Mn‐bpdc possesses excellent water stability and outstanding regeneration ability for C4H6separation, making it a new benchmark for C4H6purification.