bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Independence Levels to Children Physical Mobility Handicapped in Thi-Qar Rehabilitation Center
Authors: Naji Arkan B. , Al-Rubaie Ali Abdulreda
Published: March 2023

Objective: To assess of Independence Levels to Physical Mobility Handicap children in Thi-Qar Rehabilitation center.
Methodology: Descriptive study was conducted at in Thi- Qar Rehabilitation Center through the period from November 1st, 2014 through April 15th, 2015 on children with physical mobility handicap age 9-16 years old. The questionnaire has been constructed after extensive review of available literature and related studies. The study instrument consists of two parts. The first part includes participants' demographic characteristics of (age, gender, level of education, etc. ). The second part is related to Physical Mobility Handicap -related (Independence Levels) Reliability of the questionnaire is determined through: pilot study while the content validity of the questionnaire was determined through a panel of experts in the field; and collected data from March 1st to April 15th 2015. The analysis of the data was used descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages), inferential statistical analysis (correlation coefficient and chi- square test).
Results: The results indicate shows that most of the study subjects are within 15-16 years old (34.7%), males (50.8%), show that the majority of the study sample are have 1-3 number brothers and sister (59.3%), continue their study (55.9%), their education affected by handicap (78.8%), and they experience a hobbies (76.3%), shows that the percentage of mobility handicapped children cause (69%) was birth, (29%) Accident, (2%) Pathologic cause and Independence Levels responses (57%) of the study sample responses have a fair, while (24%) of children responses have a poor and (19%) good responses. there is a non-significant relationship between the study sample child age, gender and their independence levels and there is a significant relationship between the study sample their independence levels with their child educational Stage, number of brothers and sisters, and hobbies.
Conclusion: The study concluded that the disability affects the independence levels in children
Recommendations: The study recommended to give more care of handicapped children and to provide financial and moral support to caregivers by the State.
Assessment of Elderly's Nutritional status in Geriatric Homes at Al-Furat Al-Awusat Governorates
Authors: Khaleel Mona Abdul Wahab , Mohammed Ali H.
Published: March 2023

Objective: to assess the elderly's nutritional status through the dietary habits and anthropometric measures.
Methodology: A descriptive (cross-sectional) study is carried out from Nov 1st,2014 to July 9th-2015 to assess elderly's nutritional status at geriatric homes in Al-Furat Al-Awusat governorates through a simple random sample of (120) elderly people aged 65 and above who live in geriatric homes. Data were collected through the use of the questionnaire and interview method, and analyzed through the application of descriptive and inferential statistical data analysis.
Results: The study demonstrated that the majority of the sample at age group (76-80) years old (28.3%), more than half of the sample (58.3%) is males and the remaining is female. Relative subjects level of education, the greater number of them are within middle and high level of education and they accounted for (28.3%). the majority of them did not use dentures use (83.3%), majority of them are not smokers (70%), while (63.3%) of them were using medication. More than half of BMI and MUAC accounted for overweight (53.3%) and (55.8%) respectively.
Conclusions: majority of them have signs and symptoms including easy hair loss and bleaching nails. Most of the old residents do not customarily take vitamins and Minerals intake.
Recommendations: The study recommended the following: promotion of nutritional system to be implemented for old age residents and routine annual nutritional assessment and evaluation can be done to old age individuals in geriatric homes and a nutritional educational program can be used as a means for nutritional health awareness. Nutritional specialized nurses, nutritionists can make regular visits to provide supervision on the quality of the food introduced to elderly residents. A comparative study should be conducted between elderly geriatric home residents and community elderly nutritional status.
Clinical learning Environment and the Influential Factors from Nursing Students perspectives
Authors: Ali Nadia Mohamed , Ali Ghona Abd El-Nasser
Published: March 2023

Background: Clinical environment is all that surrounds the nursing student within clinical areas, such as places, resources, staff skills, patients, peer group and nursing tutors.Aim: to assess the clinical learning environment and the influential factors from nursing students perspectives.Methodology: A descriptive study is carried out in Faculty of Nursing, Sohag University at the end of 1 stsemester (2015-2016). The samplecomprised of (183) out of the total number of 2nd year nursing students. Data was collected using the Clinical Learning Environment Inventory, Obstacles to Learning Clinical Skills tools and analyized by using a descriptive statistics in the form of frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation and independent t-test using (SPSS v.16).Results: The average score of total clinical learning environment scale was (112.3 ±14.0) from the total score (168), and about from 50% to 86% of the students' had a negative opinionstowards theirclinical learning environment, and majority of them 72.2% were moderately satisfied. Although the mean scores of clinical learning environment domains were higher in some domains, nostatistical differences were found between the respondents viewpoints depend on age groups (p>0.05). Moreover,it was found that the mean scores of clinical learning environment domains were higher in females than males but no statistical differences were found between the students opinions based on gender except in the following domains: task orientation and teaching innovation only (17.2±3.4,16.1±4.0;15.7±3.1,15.3±3.9) respectively. The most significant obstacles which faced the students during clinical learning were lack of educational facilities (69.3%), and the least was interference between the training schedule with other trainers (36.6%).Conclusion: There are significant obstacles and challenges that facenursing students in clinical learning environment, all of which could influence their learning and competencyafter graduation.
Recommendations: Educational authorities at Sohag University and nursing educators in the faculty should pay special attention to the issues and take assertive action to overcome the learningobstacles in order to create a desirable clinical climate.
Assessment of Occupational Hazards on Nurses Who Working in the Operative Room at AL-Amarah City Hospitals
Authors: Hassan Hassan Jassim , Flaih Bassam Mahdi , AL-Sarraji Saad Sabri Shamkh
Published: March 2023

Objectives: The study objectives to assess the occupational hazards on nurses in the operational room at Al-Amarah city hospitals, and to find out the relationship between the occupational hazard for nurses and their socio-demographic characteristics
Methodology: descriptive study was conducted in Al- Amarah city during the period from January 2016 to May 2016. It was the use of non-probability sample (purposive) of (80 nurses) working in the operational room. The data are collected through the interview technique by using of constructed questionnaires, which consists of two parts, the first part contains the socio-demographic characteristics, and the second part consists of (5) domain: accidental (8 items), physical (3 items), chemical (4 items), biological (2 items), and psychological hazard (5 items), totally (22 items). The data are describe and analysis through the using of (SPSS program).
Results: The results showed that the occupational hazards are effect on the nurses was moderate level mean of score MS (1.79), also the maximal effect presented by the Biological hazard, followed by accidental hazard. Moreover, there was a high significant relationship between occupational hazard and their socio-demographic characteristics of age, level of education, and years of experience (P <0.01), while non- significant relationship between occupational hazard and their gender (P > 0.05).
Conclusions: The results showed that the majority of exposure to occupational hazards among male nurses (71.3%) more than female nurses, as well as the study confirmed that nurses who do not have more experience in the field of work are more exposed to occupational hazards than others, also the study showed that more than half of the study sample (62.5%) were graduates of medical technician institutes
Evaluation of Iron Profileasan Assistant Diagnostic Tests for Children with Pneumonia
Authors: Hussein Hani Lateef , Hussein Ammar Lateef
Published: March 2023

Back ground: Iron is required by most organisms as an essential cofactor in many important biological processes. There are controversies regarding the role of nutrients especially iron in respiratory tract infections in childhood. Furthermore, iron deficiency is also associated with impaired immunocompetence and therefore can lead to increased morbidity.Objective: the aim of this study was to testthe possibility of using the iron profile as a laboratory and diagnostic tests for pneumonia in children.Methodology: Case-control study was designed to hypothesize that lower iron, ferritin, and TIBC would be associated with a greater risk of pneumonia in children. The study was performed on 150 children with ages between (6 - 72) months, 100 children with pneumonia (57% male) and (43% female,) and 50 control (54% female) and (46% female) in pediatric department of Samarra general hospital from September 2015 till March 2017. The data were analyzed through the SPSS V.20 application, descriptive data analysis was done through frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation in addition to T-test to compare results.
Results: The results showed there was a significant decreased in the levels of Iron, ferritin, andhemoglobin when compared to control group(66.48±15.9, 3.99±2.06 and 9.4±1.10 vs 75.86±1.87,5.79±1.66 and 12.23±1.07 respectively), while there was no significant difference of TIBC in study groupwhen compared to control group(390.93±47.78 vs 393.74±34.64, respectively).Conclusion: The results of this study were concluded that the pneumonia in children lead to significantdecrease on iron levels, hemoglobin and ferritin while don't effect on TIBC.Recommendations:The use early and accurate measurements of iron profile that which includes iron,ferritin and certain compound which contain iron such as hemoglobin as a laboratory diagnostic tests addto the diagnostic tool for pneumonia in children.
Association between Fetus Gender and Some Physiological and Morphological Characteristics of Pregnant Women
Authors: Salih Huda A. , Jaleel Shaimaa , Hussein Rajaa A.
Published: March 2023

Objectives: Effect of some physiological and morphological characteristics of pregnant women (such as ABO blood groups, first baby movement, food craving, behaviors, abdomen shape, nipple color and face appearance) to determine baby gender have been investigated.Methods: Total (766) pregnant women (visit primary health care centers and medical clinics at Al-Najaf city from the period of april 2015- april 2016) using special questionnaire. SPSS .ver.21 statistical software for window was used to analyze data.Results: The results of the present study show that the percentage of the male sex was (50.91%) whereas about (49.086%) for female sex represented a normal sex ratio was 104-100. The results indicate that a significant association between first baby movement, food craving as well as nipple color of pregnant with baby gender, while there is no significant correlation between the othercharacteristics and baby sex ( blood groups, behaviors, abdomen shape and face appearance).Conclusions: some characteristics of pregnant mothers may be used in determination of baby gender.Recommendations: studies are needed to make a comprehensive assessment of the correlation between other characteristics and baby sex.
Relationship between The Addition of Glutathione to Sperm Freezing Medium and Cryosurvival Rate of Sperm Motility and Viability in Asthenozoospermic Patients
Authors: Al-Nowainy Dr. Hisham Q. Mohammad
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTObjective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between the addition of Glutathione to sperm freezing medium and cryosurvival rate of sperm motility and viability in asthenozoospermic patients.Methodology: fifty nine semen samples of asthenozoospermic patients were obtained from the male partner of infertile couples attending the fertility center of al-sadder medical teaching city in Al-Najaf during the period 1st October 2016 until 1st March 2017.Each semen sample was divided into four equal parts, volume of each part is 0.5 ml: first part (before activation), second part (after activation), third part (cryopreservation with sperm freezing medium for one month), and fourth part (cryopreservation with sperm freezing medium plus glutathione for one month ) .Sperm concentration , sperm progressive motility, sperm viability and sperm normal morphology were counted in first two parts, cryosurvival rate of sperm motility, viability was counted in third and fourth parts .Statistical analysis of the study performed by using Independent t-test and paired test to assess the differences between two groups .Results: After sperm activation by using the swim up technique ,the study results showed significant increase (P < 0.01) of progressive sperm motility, normal sperm morphology and sperm viability, while there were a significant decrease (P < 0.01) of sperm concentration. cryosurvival rate of sperm motility and viability were significant decrease (p < 0.01) after cryopreservation and thawing processes while the results were revealed significant improvement in cryosurvival rate of sperm motility, and viability ( p < 0.01 ) after the addition of glutathione to the sperm freezing medium.Conclusion: it can conclude from this study that addition of glutathione to sperm freeze medium improves. (p < 0.01) cryosurvival rate of sperm motility and viability during cryopreservation and thawing processes .
Recommendations: the study recommended to addition 50 microliter of glutathione to sperm freezing media in concentration 1 mM .
Effect of Ramadan Fasting Upon Perforated Peptic Ulcer Patients: A Descriptive Analysis
Authors: Shakor Fadhluddin Nasruddin
Published: March 2023

Background: Perforated peptic ulcer (PPU) is relatively rare, but life threatening with the mortality varying from 10% to 40%. While common causes of peptic ulcer disease are H. Pylori, increased inadvertent use of NSAIDS, smoking and stress of modern life, the specific etiologic agent cannot be incriminated in the causation of its perforation.Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of perforated peptic ulcer in fasting Muslims.Methods: This prospective analysis was conducted for the risk factors associated with perforated peptic ulcer (PPU) in patients attending Surgical Emergency hospital & Sulaimaniyah Teaching Hospital on 312 cases (246 male & 66 females) during the period of one month before Ramadan (Shaban), holy Ramadan and one month after Ramadan (Shawal) for ten successive years from 2006 to 2015. Descriptive analysis and Chi square test was used to find an association between studying variables.Result: The number of PPU per month was higher in Ramadan, 16.6 patients per month vs. 7.3 patients per each other month and also high among group 1 fasting patients. Predisposing factors played a major role in these differences.Conclusion: This study found that the incidence of PPU is relatively high among people who have predisposing factors, including young adults age, but earlier in non-fasting people , male gender, but no difference between the two groups in those using non -steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, history of dyspepsia. Those patients have previous peptic ulcer disease diagnosed on esophagogastroduodenoscopy more prone to perforation. Long period day after day fasting, but not daytime length duration may increase PPU.Recommendations: This study recommends that the people with these risk factors must be well informed and need special care to avoid such complications. This study also suggests further studies regarding this subject.
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder among Displaced People in Iraq
Authors: AL-Khafaf Eman Salem
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground: Iraq witnessed numbers of wars and invasions since 2003. The last worst trigger is the invasion of the criminal (ISIS) gangs in the end of 2013 and the beginning of 2014. These problems caused millions of displacement and migrants of the Iraqi people. People who experienced the migration and displacement are considered to be diagnosed with a difference of mental disorders because of losing their homes, belongings, habitual residence, and their normal life. In addition to what they have experienced through their displacement, several studies reported that posttraumatic stress disorder (PSTD) is the most common disorder among displaced people.Objective: the present study aims to estimate the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder among internal displaced people in Iraq.Methodology: This study was based on a cross-sectional design using a structured questionnaire conducted in 97 of displaced people in the Al-Jada's camp, which located in the Qayarah Township, Nenavah governorate, Iraq. The period of the present study was from 1st December 2016 to the 30th of May 2017. A Standard Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 22) was used to analyze the collected data.The results: the study resulted that 59.8 % of the participants were aged between (18 - 29) years old. 57.7% of the participants were male. 60.8 % of them were displaced from Salahudeen governorate. The results illustrated that 67.0 % have a PTSD. Finally, the findings of indicates a high significance at (. 003) in independent t-test between the gender and PTSD. While the one-way ANOVA analysis indicates no significant impact between PTSD and (age, marital status, educational level, residential Governorate, displaced Period, and mental disorders history) on PTSD which indicate sequentially (.292, .762, .370, .370, .110, .448, .610)
Conclusion: the study concludes that there were no actual mental and psychological support and treatment in the camp although that most of the displaced people have diagnosed with post traumatic stress disorder due to the displacement.
Evaluation of Nurses Practices Regarding Intravenous Medications Administration at Raparin Pediatric Teaching Hospital /Erbil city
Authors: Shaker Norhan Zaki , Azeez Gulala Kareem
Published: March 2023

Background: Intravenous medication administration practices errors are the most common errors among hospitalized children.Objectives: to assess intravenous antibiotic medication administration errors by nurses.Methodology: An exploratory study conducted at Raparien pediatric teaching hospital in Erbil City of Iraqi Kurdistan region from December 17th 2012 to December 17th 2013. A purposive sample consists from 35 nurses working in three shifts of work, each nurse was observed during five procedures of intravenous antibiotic medication administration to hospitalized children. A questionnaire format consist from two parts the first part for socio-demographic data collection and the second part was an observational checklist concerning intravenous antibiotics medication administration procedure used for observing the nurses. The data was analyzed through using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis.Results: The study findings had revealed that the highest percentages of nurse's errors were in the intravenous medication administration phase and most of nurses have errors of; inappropriate medication calculation, not washing hand, not monitoring patient before and after medication administration. There was significant relationship between nurses characteristics, professional background and intravenous antibiotic medication administration errors.Conclusion: Majority of nurses practice intravenous antibiotic medication administration incorrectly in regarding to right dose and right documentation. Most of nurses weren't washing their hands before and after each procedure.
Recommendations:Researchers recommended establishment of training course for nursing staffs for improving their knowledge and practices that will help avoid medication errors. Having standard guidelines of intravenous medication administration in each unit .Provide medication preparation rooms with adequate guideline as posters in order to revitalize nurse's knowledge regarding appropriate medication preparation.
Preoperative predictions of severe postoperative pain in the patients who underwent cholecystectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Güven Suzan , Azizoğlu Hatice , Eti Aslan Fatma
Published: March 2023

Objective: The present study aims to investigate the impact of preoperative pain predictions on postoperative pain evaluation in patients who underwent cholecystectomy surgery. Pain is a frequently reported complaint following cholecystectomy, and understanding the factors that contribute to pain perception can help improve patient outcomes. Therefore, the study seeks to identify any potential preoperative predictors of pain that may affect postoperative pain evaluation.
Materials and Method: A literature review was conducted between 2012 and 2022 using various combinations of keywords such as "postoperative pain," "postoperative pain management," "cholecystectomy," and "preoperative pain prediction." The inclusion criteria for the study were articles published in peer-reviewed national or international journals in Turkish or English that examined preoperative pain predictors for patients who experienced severe postoperative pain.
Results: In the meta-analysis study, nine databases were searched, resulting in 7151 articles. However, only three full-text articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. The combined results of these studies showed that the preoperative prediction rate of postoperative pain was 32%, the rate of postoperative pain without any symptoms in the preoperative period was 33%, and the preoperative prediction rate of post-laparoscopic pain was 38%. It was found that the rate of pain prediction after classical surgery was 15%, while the rate of pain prediction for surgeries lasting less than 30 minutes was 37%, and for surgeries lasting more than 30 minutes, it was 38%.
Conclusion: The preoperative prediction of the factors causing pain is an important component of effective pain management and enhancement of patient care quality.
Final Revision of Glorious Quran And Its Effect In Quran Prevention From Any Distortion
Authors: Dr. Muhammad Aslam  , Dr. Imrana Shahzadi  , Dr. Hafiz Hamid Hammad
Published: March 2023

The research contains a prominent issue and talks about the introduction of Final Revision [Arz? Akh?r?]of the Holy Quran between the Holy prophet and Jibr?l (A.S) clarifying the importance of final revision [Arz? Akh?r?] in separation of Qiraat shaza and prevention of the Quran from any distortion and addition in perspective of the narrations and Hadiths regarding Arza Akheera. The study explains the relation between sabaa Ahruf [seven variants of the Holy Quran] and final revision and its effects on the compilation of the Holy Quran during the period of Abu Bakar and Usman (R.A) and its effects on seven variants and Usmani Transcripts. And identify the companions who witnessed the Last Revision. The study concluded with the conclusive evidence that the final revision witnessed by hundreds of the Companion and was a standard base of the unity of the Quranic text and guarantee of prevention of the Quran from any increase, decrease or distortion and that the Ottoman transcripts were exactly in accordance with the Final Revision of the Holy Quran.
Which Forms Should Be Taught Explicitly? A Theoretical Framework
Authors: Taylor Charlie
Published: March 2023

Few topics in SLA are as contentious as grammar teaching. Differences in opinion persist about whether, what, and when grammar should be taught explicitly. While most SLA researchers now agree that acquisition is primarily a subconscious process, there is a good deal of empirical evidence suggesting that it can be accelerated through explicit teaching, provided forms are presented in a way that respects the natural order of acquisition. Among proponents of explicit instruction, few believe it is feasible or desirable to teach all forms, but there is great disagreement regarding which forms should be taught. This advice provides little practical direction for practitioners and policymakers wondering whether and when to teach a particular form explicitly in their classrooms. This article proposes a framework for a tool called the Implicit/Explicit Knowledge Axis which could be developed to provide critical guidance on the matter.
Online Assessment Practices of English Language Teachers and Students in Higher Education in Bangladesh: Challenges and Choices
Authors: Kabir Mian Md. Naushaad , Haider Md. Zulfeqar , Khan Rubina , Roshid M. Moninoor , Jahan Akhter , Sultana Shaila
Published: March 2023

Online education appeared to be effective among stakeholders worldwide following the closure of educational institutions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Though the technology used for online education has hardly been explored to such a massive extent earlier, stakeholders soon self-educated themselves in new technological skills. However, challenges became more complex when the issues of assessment arose. Maintaining the validity, reliability, fairness, and academic integrity in online-based assessment became an insurmountable task; again, there was a pressing need for endorsing resilience and empathy for the assessors and assesses, especially for those who faced discrimination due to COVID-19. This study draws on the findings of a nationwide survey of online programmes offered by Bangladeshi private universities during the late 2020. They reveal the locally adopted methods and supports for assessing learners online, identify several challenges of online assessment, including the use of assessment methods, inadequate assessment-related support, fairness, and reliability, and ensuring accessibility to the assesses. It also reveals the stakeholders' choices to deal with the challenges in assessment, including flexibility, designing questions, and adopting process approach among others. Resilience and empathy for the stakeholders towards each other were required to successfully deal with the challenges of an online assessment.
Exploring Beliefs of L2 Teachers at the Higher Secondary Level in Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmad Zakia
Published: March 2023

This study has investigated the beliefs of higher secondary level English language teachers and the impact of these beliefs on their classroom practices. The study aimed to examine what beliefs, attitudes, and assumptions L2 teachers at the higher secondary school level in Bangladesh have about L2 teaching and learning. Qualitative research methods were used to collect and analyse data. The findings revealed a regular pattern of consistency between teachers' beliefs and practices. Finally, the study concludes with an argument to develop teacher education programmes that will engage with teachers' inherent belief systems by incorporating reflective practices in the programme methodology.
Using Movies in EFL Classrooms: Ways to Enhance Language Skills
Authors: Rahman Tasnim , Islam Md. Saiful , Rahman Mohammad Mustafizur
Published: March 2023

Language teachers have been utilising movies in their classes for a considerable length of time. English movie-watching activities seem to be rising in popularity in Bangladesh as a valuable tool for learning a language. The present study was designed to investigate the perceptions of Bangladeshi students and teachers towards the integration of English movies to enhance students' English language skills in their English language classes. To this end, two research questions were posed, and a qualitative approach was adopted. The study involved fifteen students and three English language teachers from three private universities in Bangladesh. The analysis of the data showed that movie-watching activities were perceived as inspirational and motivational activities for both students and teachers, which reportedly helped the students enhance their micro and macro skills in the English language. The findings also indicated that movies were seen as useful resources for designing effective multi-dimensional pedagogical tasks in EFL classrooms. However, the study recommended that more logistic facilities and training may help English language teachers design effective movie-watching activities.
Self-initiated Technology-mediated Professional Development Activities: A small-scale qualitative study with eight English teachers in Bangladesh
Authors: Rafique Rumana
Published: March 2023

The role of technology in teacher's professional development has been frequently reiterated in various globally utilized frameworks of continuing professional development (CPD). Research shows that technology provides numerous benefits when professional development activities are teacher-initiated. However, research on Bangladeshi teachers' self-initiated tech-based professional development seems limited. This small-scale study investigated the initiatives undertaken by the higher education English teachers in Bangladesh and how engaging in such activities contributed to their professional development. Following a qualitative design, the study used semi-structured interview with eight English teachers working in different public and private universities in Bangladesh. A thematic analysis of the data revealed that teachers undertook initiatives including connecting with teaching associations, navigating online resources, attending MOOCs, and blogging which resulted in increased confidence, augmented digital skills, and an awareness of the pedagogical use of technology. The study drew several implications for teacher-initiated technology-mediated professional development.
IMPROVING ENGLISH VOCABULARY FOR STUDENTS THROUGH LISTENING TO ENGLISH NEWS
Authors: Tran Yen
Published: March 2023

The major aim of the present research is to investigate the effects of listening to English News on improving the vocabulary of English majors at a university in Vietnam. The researcher called for 60 students to volunteer to take part in the study, 30 of whom were assigned to the experimental group and the other half assigned to the control group. The two groups had to respond to the pre-questionnaire and take the pre-test on vocabulary. The experimental group then entered the experimental process and was asked to listen to English News every day to learn vocabulary. Besides, they did some exercises designed by the researcher related to the English News they heard. Data were collected within ten weeks via the pre-questionnaire, the pre-test, the post-test and the post-questionnaire. The results of the study indicated that the experimental group advanced remarkably in terms of vocabulary compared to the control group. This demonstrated that listening to English News has a positive effect on English majors’ vocabulary. The results of the post-questionnaire also reveal that the students’ feedback on the practice of listening to English News is generally positive.
Phonological Awareness and Word Reading Fluency Among Young Saudi Learners of English
Authors: Alzahrani Asma , Algethami Ghazi
Published: March 2023

The current study explored the relationship between phonological awareness and word reading fluency among young Saudi English as a Foreign Language (EFL)learners. Two tests were completed by thirty young Saudi EFL learners. The first test comprised 25 questions related to phonological awareness. In the second test, the learners were asked to read a list of English words in one minute, and each student was given a score based on how many words they read per minute. The students scored relatively low on both tests, indicatinga deficiency in phonological awareness and difficulty in word reading. The scores in both tests were significantly correlated, however, a regression analysis showed that only phonological awareness at the phonemic level was a significant predictor of the students’ performance in the word reading fluency test. The results clearly indicate that Saudi EFL learners could benefit from phonemic awareness training, and future studies should empirically examine its potentialfor improving Saudi EFL learners’ reading fluency.
Does Financial Inclusion Enhance Economic Output? Evidence from North Africa
Authors: Khalifa Mohamed Hossameldin , El-Sady Hassan , Sultanova Vasilya
Published: March 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of two dimensions of financial inclusion -namely availability of banking services and usage of banking services- on national economic output in four North African economies; Egypt, Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco. Availability of banking services was proxied by number of commercial bank branches. Usage of banking services was proxied by the sum of outstanding deposits and outstanding loans with commercial banks. National economic output was proxied by real gross domestic product. Using panel data for the years 2004-2020, panel regression analysis results revealed significant positive effects of both, availability and usage of banking services on national economic output when no time-lagging of the predictors was used, and also when the predictors were one and two year lagged. Theoretical contributions, practical implications and study limitations are discussed.

 

Received: 24 December 2022 / Accepted: 10 February 2023 / Published: 5 March 2023
Mapping Tourism and Global Change: A Bibliometric Analysis (2012-2022)
Authors: Quevedo Luis , Velasco Víctor , Álvarez José , Moreno Paula
Published: March 2023

Tourism is an important sector of the industry with global influence on the economy and development while global change is nowadays a major challenge worldwide. This study aims to present a bibliometric analysis that evidences the trends of scientific production on “tourism” and “global change”, supported by visualization techniques provided by VOSviewer software. A total of 3519 documents were retrieved from Scopus database and the analysis includes the identification of frequencies of papers published, most influential authors, countries with the highest contributions, co-occurrences term map, author co-citations analysis, and co-citation map by countries. Our findings evidence that there is an interrelation between the terms “tourism” and “global change” and that the literature on that topic has experienced sustained growth worldwide through collaboration networks including several prolific authors.

 

Received: 3 January 2023 / Accepted: 25 February 2023 / Published: 5 March 2023
Eating Habits, Nutritional Status in Pregnant Women and Weight of Newborns, La Libertad - Peru
Authors: Paredes-Díaz Susana Edita , Neglia-Cermeño Cinthya S. , Vidal-Cabrera Elvira del P. , Lescano-Pereda Lurdes G. , Meneses-La-Riva Mónica Elisa , Barrera Maricelys Jiménez
Published: March 2023

Objective: To determine the relationship between eating habits (EH) and nutritional status (NS) of pregnant women in the third trimester and the weight of their newborns (NB) attended at the C.S. Chugay in Sánchez Carrión, La Libertad, Peru, 2017. Material and methods: Quantitative, correlational, cross-sectional and non-experimental study. The population consisted of a sample of 30 pregnant women and their newborns. The data were collected during delivery and puerperium, applying instruments such as the research form (Alpha coefficient: 0.74) that identified the indicators (considering pre-gestational BMI, hemoglobin level and gestational weight gain in the third trimester), and the weight of the newborn. In addition, the questionnaire that assessed EH was used (Coefficient Alpha: 0.86). Kendall's Tau-b coefficient and the Chi-square test were used to determine the relationship between the ordinal variables. Results: 76.7% and 83.4% of the pregnant women had inadequate NS and EH, respectively; of the latter, 26.7% had low-birth weight newborns. Additionally, 50% had only primary school education and 70% were between 18 and 29 years old. Conclusions: There is no relationship between the variables EH and NS (Kendall's Tau-b coefficient = -0.035', p=1,) nor EH with birth weight of their newborns (Kendall's Tau-b coefficient = 0.067, p=1). It is therefore necessary to promote preventive promotional activities that encourage improved eating habits and nutritional status during pregnancy, as they play a determining role in health, which ensures the future quality of life of the mother and the NB.

 

Received: 15 December 2022 / Accepted: 24 February 2023 / Published: 5 March 2023
Bullying and School Coexistence in the Return to Class of Primary School Students after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence Collected in Peru
Authors: Ocupa-Cabrera Hitler Giovanni , Meneses-La-Riva Monica Elisa , Fernández-Bedoya Víctor Hugo , Suyo-Vega Josefina Amanda
Published: March 2023

Bullying is a public health problem widely discussed by both academics and education professionals. It is a permanent behaviour of violence that could be physical, verbal, psychological and even sexual, which discredits the victim and places him/her in a situation of fragility in his/her environment. The objectives of this research were to determine the levels of bulling (and its dimensions); to determine the levels of school coexistence (and its dimensions); and finally to analyse the relationship between bullying and school coexistence (and its dimensions) in an educational institution located in Cajamarca, Peru in the first year back to school after the pandemic caused by COVID-19. The study presented a quantitative approach, with a descriptive and correlational level, and a non-experimental design. According to the literature explored, bullying has 4 dimensions (physical bullying, verbal bullying, sexual bullying and psychological bullying), while school coexistence has 3 dimensions (inclusive coexistence, democratic coexistence and peaceful coexistence). The population consisted of 120 students in the sixth grade of primary education, of both sexes, from a school located in Cajamarca, in northern Peru. Two instruments were used: the school bullying questionnaire (with 56 items) and the school coexistence questionnaire (with 37 items). Both instruments showed validity and reliability after being tested. Among the results, it was observed that most of the schoolchildren presented bullying at low level (57.5%), followed by medium level (22.5%) and high level (20.0%); on the other hand, regarding the school coexistence variable, the low level was 36.0%, the medium level 53.0% and the high level 11.0%. Finally, it was determined that bullying is significantly related to school coexistence (p. < 0.001); as for the intensity of the correlation, it is negative and moderate (r = -0.551), the greater the bullying in school contexts, the lower the school coexistence in this space.

 

Received: 11 November 2022 / Accepted: 12 February 2023 / Published: 5 March 2023
Share and Growth Analysis in Measuring Regional Financial Capability Level
Authors: Abdullah Julie , Hasan Wahyudin
Published: March 2023

This research aims to measure the Regional Financial Capability Level of Gorontalo Regency. The data used is secondary data analyzed using Share and Growth ratios. The study results indicate that the regional financial capacity of Gorontalo Regency is classified as low criteria. On top of that, Gorontalo Regency is ranked as the least ideal area because the mapping position of the regional quadrant analysis of Gorontalo Regency is in the category of quadrant four. The Government of Gorontalo Regency needs to look at the potential for local revenue. In this way, Gorontalo Regency can change its condition into an ideal and independent Gorontalo Regency. Moreover, the government also needs to strengthen policies in regional autonomy enforcement.

 

Received: 30 August 2022 / Accepted: 25 February 2023 / Published: 5 March 2023
Investigating Translation Shifts and Modulation in Literary Translation: A Case Study
Authors: Alshahrani Hala J. , Ali Waleed Samir , Al-Harthi Maha , Hamed Dalia M. , Ibrahim Wesam M. A.
Published: March 2023

The present research paper examines the techniques of shifts, as proposed by Catford (1965), and modulation, as proposed by Vinay and Darbelnet (1995), adopted by Ahmed Khaled Tawfik in his translation of Palahniuk’s Fight Club. Accordingly, this paper seeks to detect the examples of modulation and the types of shifts employed, the reasons for their adoption and the most frequently used techniques of translation between English, the source language, and Arabic, the target language. The findings illustrate that all types of shifts are employed with a noteworthily frequent use of structure shifts, both optional or obligatory and argues about the structural divergence between English and Arabic. There are not so many modulation examples. It seems that Tawfik tries largely to adhere to the source text with some optional shifts so as not to appear as a translator who practises purely literal translation. This paper’s value lies in its detailed examination of Tawfik’s technique, drawing attention to the differences between English and Arabic language systems.

 

Received: 11 December 2022 / Accepted: 11 February 2023 / Published: 5 March 2023
Extra-Marital Child (Walad Al Zina) and His Right to Maintenance (Nafaqah): A Comparason of Islamic Law and South African Common Law
Authors: Ngema Nqobizwe Mvelo , Iyer Desan
Published: March 2023

Islamic law forbids fornication and adultery (zina) because they result in several societal problems such as bitterness in relationships, spread of diseases and the confusion of lineage. Any child born because of zina is regarded as walad al zina (an extra-marital child). There is consensus amongst the various Islamic schools of thought (madhab) that an extra-marital child (walad ala zina) has no relationship with his or her biological father. As a result of this absence of connection, the biological father faces no legal obligation to maintain his extra-marital child. On the contrary, every parent regardless of marital status has a full legal obligation to maintain his or her children under the South African common law. It is submitted that the exclusion of an extra-marital child from receiving child maintenance from his biological father merely because he was born outside marriage, does not promote the principle of the best interest of the child at all. Furthermore, the exclusion also constitutes a violation of the child’s equality rights and dignity and is therefore unconstitutional.

 

Received: 21 October 2022 / Accepted: 5 February 2023 / Published: 5 March 2023
Reconstructing the European Experience of Eloquence in The Context of Pedagogical Rhetoric: Philosophical Research and Cultural Studies
Authors: Uralbaeva Sholpanay , Rakimzhanova Sayana , Malikova Assel , Abdimaulen Gulmira
Published: March 2023

Effective speech interaction is crucial in the field of education. The issue of pedagogical rhetoric is associated with the mastery of verbal pedagogical impact, as well as the effectiveness of communicative and professional techniques for developing culture-oriented training and education. The study aims at determining the impact of the European experience of pedagogical rhetoric on developmental education that should ensure the mental and speech development of an individual. In the article following research methods were used: diachronic, evolutionary, and comparative-historical. Under the above-mentioned objective, the article reveals certain facts from the history of pedagogical eloquence that affect the rhetorical culture of a modern teacher and summarizes the specifics of forming and developing pedagogical rhetoric in different historical periods of European culture and education.

 

Received: 1 December 2022 / Accepted: 11 February 2023 / Published: 5 March 2023
The Impact of Oil and Gas Extraction in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Ghana
Authors: Luki Bayuasi Nammei , Ali-Nakyea Abdallah , Salia Hussein , Mahama Muntari
Published: March 2023

The topic of how oil and gas extraction impact on economic development of nations is well researched, especially African oil-producing countries. Literature has revealed that countries endowed with natural resources tend not to grow in terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) compared to their counterparts with limited or no such natural resources. This phenomenon has been characterized as the paradox of plenty. The study sought to evaluate the economic impact of oil and gas extraction in Ghana. The study utilized the quantitative research approach with secondary data from World Bank Development Indicators, 2019. Johansen Co-integration Approach was also used to evaluate the extent of causality between oil production (revenues) and the various economic variables. The Johansen Co-integration test revealed that oil revenue exerts a significant effect on Ghana’s GDP (4% higher than the average GDP before the production of oil and gas). Meanwhile, the average agriculture value-added and service value-added of Ghana for the period after the production of oil is lower than the average agriculture value-added and service value-added for the period before the production of oil in commercial quantities. The study used Ghana as a case study which somehow limits its findings. Future studies may use a panel model to do a cross-country analysis of the impact of oil and gas production on the various sectors of the respective countries. Government should formulate and expand policies (such as planting for food and jobs, and agricultural mechanization) that will help grow the agricultural and service sectors of the economy using oil revenues. The study also recommends that the Public Interest and Accountability Committee (PIAC) should closely monitor and collaborate with the petroleum revenue management institutions to ensure that oil revenues allocated to the government priority sectors, especially agriculture and service, are fully implemented. This study differs from prior studies (novel) because it aimed to determine the impact of oil and gas extraction on agricultural, industrial, and service sectors before and after oil and gas production.

 

Received: 6 December 2022 / Accepted: 10 February 2023 / Published: 5 March 2023
Developing a Graphic Design Thinking Model to Enhance the Creative Thinking
Authors: Hua Wang Xiao , Eng Lin Siew , Tong Wu , Bin Yu
Published: March 2023

In this paper, based on Bloom's Taxonomy and Double Diamond Model, this study explores to development of the Graphic Design Thinking Model, which involves the knowledge dimension and the cognitive dimension, and it will be used to improve creative thinking for solving problems in relevant design courses. To test this hypothesis, the researcher will measure the effectiveness of this model used in the implementation of design projects and compare the improvement of various indicators of creative thinking. The respondents are 30 students from one university in China majoring in art and design, who were asked to take a pre-test, and a post-test according to the GDT Model in the graphic design course. The researcher has referred to the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT) and used a Likert scale to determine the pre-test and post-test scores in the design projects. The results analyzed by SPSS show that the GDT Model can help students to realize the creation of graphics, significantly improving their creative thinking.

 

Received: 15 December 2022 / Accepted: 26 February 2023 / Published: 5 March 2023