bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Dual‐Channel Charge Transfer Heterostructure toward Boosting Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Yang Yurong , Wang Jiahui , Ma Yuanchi , Qiu Min , Yan Guomin , Chen Jiaming , Gao Fan
Published: March 2022

The design and fabrication of dual‐channel charge transmission mode are crucial to developing highly effective photocatalysts. However, constructing double charge transfer paths by loading dual cocatalysts in a nanocomposite is still a great challenge. Here, hollow Co9S8 nanocages are utilized to design a hierarchical Co9S8/CdIn2S4/Pt heterostructure with dual‐channel for charge transfer, in which Co9S8 nanocages and Pt particles act as cocatalysts. Moreover, Co9S8 and CdIn2S4 form an atomic interfacial contact by intermediate sulfur atoms. Due to double‐channel charge transfer and atomic interfacial bonding, the Co9S8/CdIn2S4/Pt nanocages accelerate the photo‐induced carriers transfer and suppress the combination of electron–hole pairs. As a result, the Co9S8/CdIn2S4/Pt nanocages exhibit increased photocurrent density of 62.8 µA cm−2, far exceeding that of pristine Co9S8 (6.87 µA cm−2). The optimized Co9S8/CdIn2S4/Pt nanocages display excellent photocatalytic H2 in production rate of 13 426 µmol g−1 h−1 and high cyclic stability for water splitting.
Ligand‐Free CsPbBr3 Perovskite Quantum Dots in Silica‐Aerogel Composites with Enhanced Stability for w‐LED and Display by Substituting Pb2+ with Pr3+ or Gd3+ Ions
Authors: Zhao Chong , Li Yingkui , Ye Wanggui , Shen Xiaofei , Wen Zicheng , Yuan Xuanyi , Cao Yongge , Ma Chaoyang
Published: March 2022

Colloidal all‐inorganic lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (LHP NCs) feature with tunable high‐efficiency photoluminescence from blue to red for optoelectronic applications but suffer from instability under water moisture, UV light illumination, high‐temperature shock, as well as oxygen erosion. Previous work to improve LHP NCs stability was mainly focused on either glass bulk sealed LHP quantum dots (QDs) with low quantum efficiency, or mesoporous silica matrixes confined LHP QDs with organic ligands still existing. Here, a facile, noncolloidal, ligand‐free LHP QDs growth with physical confinement is proposed by integrating the growth of perovskite QDs with the fabrication process of hydrophobic silica‐aerogel powders (SAPs). As a result, the as‐synthesized mono‐ and mixed‐cesium‐lead‐halide QDs @ SAPs composites show tunable photoluminescence from purple to deep red. Besides, the Pr3+ ions doped CsPbBr3 QDs @ SAPs composites exhibit moderate quantum efficiency, excellent stability under UV illumination, water moisture as well as temperature variation. Furthermore, performances of white LED device encapsulated Pr3+ doped composite with blue GaN chip and commercial red (Sr, Ca)AlSiN3:Eu2+ phosphor are evaluated. This work demonstrates a facile and general strategy for synthesizing high‐stable all‐inorganic cesium‐lead‐halide QDs for applications in white LED and display devices.
All‐Optical Reconfiguration of Ultrafast Dichroism in Gold Metasurfaces
Authors: Schirato Andrea , Toma Andrea , Proietti Zaccaria Remo , Alabastri Alessandro , Cerullo Giulio , Della Valle Giuseppe , Maiuri Margherita
Published: March 2022

Optical metasurfaces have come into the spotlight as a promising platform for light manipulation at the nanoscale, including ultrafast all‐optical control via excitation with femtosecond laser pulses. Recently, dichroic metasurfaces have been exploited to modulate the polarization state of light with unprecedented speed. This work theoretically predicts and experimentally demonstrates by pump–probe spectroscopy the capability to reconfigure the ultrafast dichroic signal of a gold metasurface by simply acting on the polarization of the pump pulse, which is shown to reshape the spatio‐temporal distribution of the optical perturbation. The photoinduced anisotropic response, driven by out‐of‐equilibrium carriers and extinguished in a sub‐picosecond temporal window, is readily controlled in intensity by tuning the polarization direction of the excitation up to a full sign reversal. Hence, nonlinear metasurfaces are here demonstrated to offer the flexibility to tailor their ultrafast optical response in a fully all‐optically reconfigurable platform.
Ultrahigh Emulsion Separation Flux and Antifouling Performance of MIL‐100(Fe)@Graphene Oxide Membrane Enabled by its Superhydrophilicity and Self‐Cleaning Ability
Authors: Wang Rui , Zhong Yunqian , He Ruijie , Zou Yanzhao , Yang Juncai , Fu Miao , Zhang Ruiyang , Zhou Ying
Published: March 2022

The development of microfiltration (MF) membranes with a high separation flux and antifouling ability is an ultimate goal for the purification of emulsified oily wastewater by MF techniques. Herein, a dual‐functional MIL‐100(Fe)@graphene oxide (MIL‐100(Fe)@GO) membrane is fabricated by in situ growth of MIL‐100(Fe) with a graphene oxide (GO) nanosheet. The porous MIL‐100(Fe)@GO composite endows the MF membrane with superhydrophilicity and demulsification functions. The MIL‐100(Fe)@GO membrane achieves an outstanding water permeation flux of 12 457 L m−2 h−1 bar−1, as encouraged by the versatility of MIL‐100(Fe) in enabling superhydrophilicity of the MIL‐100(Fe)@GO membrane and providing rich water permeation channels. An impressive emulsion separation efficiency of >99% and maximum emulsion separation flux of 5529 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 are thus delivered by the MIL‐100(Fe)@GO membrane. Moreover, a 131% recovery ratio of emulsion separation flux (7135 L m−2 h−1 bar−1) is attained with this system after regeneration by ethanol. In virtue of the demulsification of MIL‐100(Fe), the rational design of the MIL‐100(Fe) hybrid membrane exhibits a self‐cleaning effect on the emulsion separation. The demonstrated high performance of the membrane system opens up new avenues for the development of membranes with antifouling abilities and ultrahigh flux for emulsion separation.
Efficient and Stable FA‐Rich Perovskite Photovoltaics: From Material Properties to Device Optimization
Authors: Liu Zhiyong , Liu Pengfei , Li Meng , He Tingwei , Liu Tianxiao , Yu Leiming , Yuan Mingjian
Published: March 2022

The perovskite photovoltaic field has developed rapidly within a decade. In particular, formamidinium (FA)‐rich perovskite allows a broad absorption spectrum, and is considered to be one of the most promising perovskite materials. Great progress has been achieved, and most recorded high‐efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs) used the FA‐rich perovskite light absorption layer. However, the black α‐phase formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) perovskite easily transforms into an undesirable δ‐phase at a low temperature. Thus, researchers have put a lot of effort into deeply understanding the phase transformation and stabilization mechanism of FA‐rich perovskite. Herein, the fundamental physical properties of FAPbI3 materials, including crystal structure, phase‐transition temperature, charge‐carrier dynamics, etc. are summarized, and establish a complete phase evolution with temperature by reviewing previous reports. The intrinsic and external factors are subsequently discussed for influencing the stability of FAPbI3 perovskite and the remarkable breakthroughs of FA‐rich PSCs in recent years are reviewed. Moreover, a series of strategies to stabilize FA‐rich perovskite is summarized, including but not limited to compositional engineering, passivating engineering, processing engineering, and strain engineering. Finally, several new viewpoints are provided for improving the efficiency and stability of PSCs. This review may be regarded as a reference project for preparing high‐efficient and stable perovskite photovoltaic devices.
Exceptionally Heavy Doping Boosts the Performance of Iron Silicide for Refractory Thermoelectrics
Authors: Qiu Pengfei , Cheng Jun , Chai Jun , Du Xiaolong , Xia Xugui , Ming Chen , Zhu Chenxi , Yang Jiong , Sun Yi‐Yang , Xu Fangfang , Shi Xun , Chen Lidong
Published: March 2022

Thermoelectric (TE) power generation is expected to be one of the most effective solutions to convert industrial exhaust heat to electricity for conserving fossil energy and reducing carbon emissions. However, its real application is obstructed decisively by the weakness of the service stability of state‐of‐the‐art TE materials at high temperatures in air. Refractory iron silicide (β‐FeSi2) used to be widely investigated as TE materials, but the low zT has restricted its practical application and even made it almost vanish from TE research in recent years. Here, guided by theoretical calculation, ultrahigh solubility of Ir on the Fe sites of β‐FeSi2 is successfully realized. Doping 16% Ir elicits multi‐valley electrical conduction and phonon‐electron scattering, doubling the previous zT record of β‐FeSi2 to ≈0.6 at 1000 K. The TE properties of the obtained β‐FeSi2 are practically unchanged after thermal aging in air at 1173 K. The new conceptual electrode‐less β‐FeSi2‐based refractory module demonstrates considerable power density and stable power generation when it is burned by a gas flame in air. These results mark a step toward developing practical TE power generation technology for the recovery of industrial waste heat.
Spatially resolved chiroptical study of thin films of benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b’]dithiophene‐based oligothiophenes by synchrotron radiation electronic circular dichroism imaging (SR‐ECDi) technique
Authors: Albano Gianluigi , Górecki Marcin , Jávorfi Tamás , Hussain Rohanah , Siligardi Giuliano , Pescitelli Gennaro , Di Bari Lorenzo
Published: March 2022

The study of the chiroptical properties of thin‐film samples of two chiral benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b’]dithiophene‐based oligothiophenes with optoelectronic properties was carried out at Diamond B23 beamline using the synchrotron radiation electronic circular dichroism imaging (SR‐ECDi) facility. The experimental results support the hypothesis that the non‐reciprocal circularly polarized absorption observed in these materials is due to the combined linear dichroism and linear birefringence contributions. The mapping at 50‐µM spatial resolution revealed that several species coexist in the mesoscopic chiral domains likely due to different aggregated phases, which were identified in the films by SR‐ECDi but could not be detected with benchtop ECD instruments.
Applications of surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy in environmental detection
Authors: Terry Lynn R. , Sanders Sage , Potoff Rebecca H. , Kruel Jacob W. , Jain Manan , Guo Huiyuan
Published: March 2022

As the human population grows, the anthropogenic impacts from various agricultural and industrial processes produce unwanted contaminants in the environment. The accurate, sensitive and rapid detection of such contaminants is vital for human health and safety. Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a valuable analytical tool with wide applications in environmental contaminant monitoring. The aim of this review is to summarize recent advancements within SERS research as it applies to environmental detection, with a focus on research published or accessible from January 2021 through December 2021 including early‐access publications. Our goal is to provide a wide breadth of information that can be used to provide background knowledge of the field, as well as inform and encourage further development of SERS techniques in protecting environmental quality and safety. Specifically, we highlight the characteristics of effective SERS nanosubstrates, and explore methods for the SERS detection of inorganic, organic, and biological contaminants including heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, plastic particles, synthetic dyes, pesticides, viruses, bacteria and mycotoxins. We also discuss the current limitations of SERS technologies in environmental detection and propose several avenues for future investigation. We encourage researchers to fill in the identified gaps so that SERS can be implemented in a real‐world environment more effectively and efficiently, ultimately providing reliable and timely data to help and make science‐based strategies and policies to protect environmental safety and public health.
Fabrication of ceramic tube‐supported tetraethyl‐orthosilicate cross‐linked polydimethylsiloxane membranes for separation of furfural–water mixture by pervaporation technology
Authors: Lin Tong Hoang , Toai Phan Thi Danh , Tinh Ninh Thi , Phat La Nam , Huong Le Minh , Viet Nguyen Duc , Dat Nguyen Minh , Nam Hoàng Minh , Phong Mai Thanh , Hieu Nguyen Huu
Published: March 2022

In this study, polydimethylsiloxane/tetraethyl‐orthosilicate (PDMS/TEOS) hybrid materials with different TEOS ratios were synthesized by cross‐linking method. Ceramic tube‐supported PDMS/TEOS membranes were fabricated by dip‐coating method. Effect of TEOS content, feed concentration, and feed temperature through separation of a furfural–water mixture by pervaporation (PV) technology was investigated. The highest PV performance was obtained with the total flux of 1.19 kg/m2h with TEOS content of 1.8 g, furfural feed concentration of 30 wt.%, operating temperature, and vacuum pressure at 100 kPa and 50 °C, respectively. PDMS/TEOS was successfully synthesized and coated on ceramic tube‐supported with a thickness of 15 μm. The ceramic tube‐supported membrane demonstrated good hydrophobicity with a contact angle of 109.5° and excellent thermal stability at 450 °C. The obtained results demonstrated that the ceramic tube‐supported PDMS/TEOS membrane is potent to be utilized for the separation of the furfural‐water mixture by PV technology.
Vision‐based tracking control of quadrotor for a moving target with nonlinear angular velocity observer
Authors: Zhang Sihang , Ji Haibo
Published: March 2022

In this article, an automatic tracking process for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system to follow the target with maneuverability is developed, and a vision‐based control method is proposed. At first, the image‐based visual servoing (IBVS) position control technology is applied without any prior target information for the algorithm practicability. Besides, consider the situation with unavailable angular velocity measurement, a thorough nonlinear attitude controller with an observer based on contraction is proposed. Finally, the whole UAV system stability is demonstrated to be uniformly ultimately bounded, and the bound can be arbitrarily small. Simulation and experiment results are presented to show effectiveness of the designed controller.
Effects of caffeine ingestion on physiological indexes of human neuromuscular fatigue: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sun Ruishan , Sun Junya , Li Jingqiang , Li Shuwen
Published: March 2022

Background

Caffeine is often used as a stimulant during fatigue, but the standard of characteristic physiological indicators of the effect of caffeine on neuromuscular fatigue has not been unified. The purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to summarize current experimental findings on the effects of caffeine on physiological indexes before and after neuromuscular fatigue, identify some characteristic neuromuscular physiological indexes to assess the potential effects of caffeine.

Methods

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses are followed. We systematically searched PubMed, Google academic, and Web of Science for randomized controlled trials. We searched for studies on caffeine's (i) effects on neuromuscular fatigue and (ii) the influence of physiological indexes changes. Meta‐analysis was performed for standardized mean differences (SMD) between caffeine and placebo trials in individual studies.

Results

The meta‐analysis indicated that caffeine significantly improves voluntary activation (VA) (SMD = 1.46;95%CI:0.13, 2.79; p < .00001), PTw (SMD = 1.11, 95%CI: –1.61, 3.84; p < .00001), and M‐wave (SMD = 1.10, 95%CI: –0.21, 2.41; p < .00001), and a significant difference (p = .003) on measures of Peak Power (PP), and insignificant difference on measures of heart rate (HR) (I2 = 0.0, p = .84) and Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2) (I2 = 0.0, p = .76).

Conclusion

The analysis showed that caffeine intake had a relatively large effect on VA, potentiated twitch (PTw), M‐wave, which can be used as characteristic indexes of caffeine's impact on neuromuscular fatigue. This conclusion tends to indicate the effects of caffeine on neuromuscular fatigue during endurance running or jumping or muscle bending and stretching. The caffeine intake had a big effect on the electromyogram (EMG) and peak power (PP), and its effect role needs to be further verified, this conclusion tends to indicate the effect of caffeine on neuromuscular fatigue during jumping or elbow bending moment movements. HR, VO2, maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) cannot be used as the characteristic indexes of caffeine on neuromuscular fatigue. This conclusion tends to indicate the effect of caffeine on neuromuscular fatigue during endurance exercise. However, the results of meta‐analysis are based on limited evidence and research scale, as well as individual differences of participants and different physical tasks, so it is necessary to interpret the results of meta‐analysis cautiously. Therefore, future research needs to explore other physiological indicators and their indicative effects in order to determine effective and accurate characteristic indicators of caffeine on neuromuscular fatigue.
Cervical spine epidural abscess caused by brucellosis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Shafizad Misagh , Ehteshami Saeid , Shojaei Hamidreza , Jalili Khoshnoud Reza
Published: March 2022

We report a rare case of epidural abscess at the cervical 5‐cervical 6 (C5–C6) levels. The patient underwent surgery with complete abscess removal through C6 vertebral body corpectomy. The result of bacteriological culture was Brucella melitensis. Brucellosis must be considered as a possible cause of epidural abscess in patients from endemic area.
Pasireotide use for the treatment of endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia refractory to conventional medical therapy: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Husni Hasan , Khan Sara A. , Alghaieb Buraq , Abusamaan Mohammed S. , Donner Thomas W. , Hamrahian Amir H.
Published: March 2022

Insulinomas are rare neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors that can be associated with severe episodes of hypoglycemia, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. These tumors are often difficult to localize, and hypoglycemia control can be challenging since glucose levels can be resistant to conventional therapies. Pasireotide is a novel somatostatin analog with a high affinity to multiple somatostatin receptors. It has up to 40 times higher affinity for somatostatin receptor subtype 5 in comparison with octreotide, leading to a higher inhibition of insulin release from beta cells. There are few case reports regarding the use of pasireotide in refractory hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. We describe a challenging case of endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia refractory to standard medical treatment, in which pasireotide was used. In this case, imaging studies and calcium stimulation testing failed to localize an insulin‐secreting tumor in an 83‐year‐old woman. Glucose levels remained low despite treatment with diazoxide, verapamil, and octreotide, necessitating the use of IV dextrose solutions. After starting subcutaneous (SC) pasireotide 0.9 mg twice a day, there was a significant improvement in the frequency and severity of hypoglycemic events, allowing the patient to be discharged from the hospital without needing IV glucose support.
Nickel Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanofibers as Excellent Bifunctional Catalyst for Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Processes
Authors: Aleksandrzak Malgorzata , Dymerska Anna , Maslana Klaudia , Kukulka Wojciech , Suchenia Sara , Chen Xuecheng , Mijowska Ewa
Published: March 2022

The potential of nitrogen‐doped carbon nanofibers with encapsulated Ni nanoparticles as a bifunctional catalyst in H2 and O2 evolution reactions (HER and OER, respectively) was studied. The proposed heterostructure is fabricated via a facile chemical vapor deposition on Ni supported on graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) as a precursor. HER was an effect of photocatalytic water splitting and catalytic dehydrogenation of lactic acid used as sacrificial electron donor. However, photocatalysis played the dominant role in the acceleration of the reaction rate which was 17 times and 330 times higher in respect to the sample prior the CVD and to pristine GCN, respectively. The catalyst exhibited boosted electrocatalytic activity in OER and outstanding stability in respect to RuO2 in alkaline medium. The overpotentials calculated from linear sweep voltammetry at 10 mA cm−2 is ∼383 mV for the fabricated electrocatalyst in respect to 490 mV for the RuO2 and Tafel slope is calculated to be 106 mV dec−1 in comparison to 136 mV dec−1 for the reference which is above the state‐of the‐art bifunctional catalysts reported to date. The results reveal that the catalytic processes were boosted due to several key effects such as enhanced visible light absorption, better charge carriers transfer and separation, increased free charge carrier concentration and higher reducing ability of electrons.
Esterification of Acetic Acid with Methanol and Simultaneous Product Isolation by Liquid‐Liquid Extraction in a Taylor‐Couette Disc Contactor
Authors: Rudelstorfer Georg , Neubauer Maximilian , Siebenhofer Matthäus , Lux Susanne , Grafschafter Annika
Published: March 2022

Isolation of carboxylic acids from dilute aqueous effluents can be achieved by the combination of liquid‐phase catalyzed reaction with liquid‐liquid extraction. Exemplarily the heterogeneously catalyzed esterification of acetic acid with methanol, accelerated with a cation‐exchange resin and simultaneous transfer of the product methyl acetate into the solvent ShellSol T, was successfully performed in a Taylor‐Couette disc contactor (TCDC) in batch operation mode. Stable three‐phase flow (liquid‐liquid‐solid) was confirmed in lab scale. The conversion of acetic acid in a TCDC operated in batch mode compares well with conversion in a batch reactor.
Der verborgene Charme transformativer Vereinbarungen
Authors: Böck Barbara
Published: March 2022

No abstract.
Tumor‐associated macrophages and risk of recurrence in stage III colorectal cancer
Authors: Cavalleri Tommaso , Greco Luana , Rubbino Federica , Hamada Tsuyoshi , Quaranta Maria , Grizzi Fabio , Sauta Elisabetta , Craviotto Vincenzo , Bossi Paola , Vetrano Stefania , Rimassa Lorenza , Torri Valter , Bellazzi Riccardo , Mantovani Alberto , Ogino Shuji , Malesci Alberto , Laghi Luigi
Published: March 2022

Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) have a unique favorable effect on the prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC), although their association with stage‐specific outcomes remains unclear. We assessed the densities of CD68+ and CD163+ TAMs at the invasive front of resected CRC stage III CRC from 236 patients, 165 of whom received post‐surgical FOLFOX treatment, and their relationship with disease‐free survival (DFS). Associations between macrophage mRNAs and clinical outcome were investigated in silico in 59 stage III CRC and FOLFOX‐treated patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Biological interactions of SW480 and HT29 cells and macrophages with FOLFOX were tested in co‐culture models. Low TAM densities were associated with shorter DFS among patients receiving FOLFOX (CD68+, p = 0.0001; CD163+, p = 0.0008) but not among those who were untreated. By multivariate Cox analysis, only low TAM (CD68+, p = 0.001; CD163+, p = 0.002) and nodal status (CD68+, p = 0.009; CD163+, p = 0.007) maintained an independent predictive value. In the TCGA cohort, high CD68 mRNA levels were associated with better outcome (p = 0.02). Macrophages enhanced FOLFOX cytotoxicity on CRC cells (p < 0.01), and drugs oriented macrophage polarization from M2‐ to M1‐phenotype. Low TAM densities identify stage III CRC patients at higher risk of recurrence after adjuvant therapy, and macrophages can augment the chemo‐sensitivity of micro‐metastases.
Frail young adult cancer survivors experience poor health‐related quality of life
Authors: Pranikoff Sarah , Ayer Miller Vanessa L. , Heiling Hillary , Deal Allison M. , Valle Carmina G. , Williams Grant R. , Muss Hyman B. , Nichols Hazel B. , Smitherman Andrew B.
Published: March 2022

Background

Young adult cancer survivors experience frailty and decreased muscle mass at rates equivalent to much older noncancer populations, which indicate accelerated aging. Although frailty and low muscle mass can be identified in survivors, their implications for health‐related quality of life are not well understood.

Methods

Through a cross‐sectional analysis of young adult cancer survivors, frailty was assessed with the Fried frailty phenotype and skeletal muscle mass in relation to functional and quality of life outcomes measured by the Medical Outcomes Survey Short‐Form 36 (SF‐36). z tests compared survivors with US population means, and multivariable linear regression models estimated mean SF‐36 scores by frailty and muscle mass with adjustments made for comorbidities, sex, and time from treatment.

Results

Sixty survivors (median age, 21 years; range, 18‐29) participated in the study. Twenty‐five (42%) had low muscle mass, and 25 were either frail or prefrail. Compared with US population means, survivors reported worse health and functional impairments across SF‐36 domains that were more common among survivors with (pre)frailty or low muscle mass. In multivariable linear modeling, (pre)frail survivors (vs nonfrail) exhibited lower mean scores for general health (−9.1; P = .05), physical function (−14.9; P < .01), and overall physical health (−5.6; P = .02) independent of comorbid conditions.

Conclusions

Measures of frailty and skeletal muscle mass identify subgroups of young adult cancer survivors with significantly impaired health, functional status, and quality of life independent of medical comorbidities. Identifying survivors with frailty or low muscle mass may provide opportunities for interventions to prevent functional and health declines or to reverse this process.

Lay Summary

Young adult cancer survivors age more quickly than peers without cancer, which is evidenced by a syndrome of decreased resilience known as frailty.

The relationship between frailty (and one of its common components, decreased muscle mass) and quality of life among young adult cancer survivors was examined.

Measuring decreased muscle mass and frailty identifies young survivors with poor quality of life, including worse general health, fatigue, physical function, and overall physical health, compared with nonfrail survivors.

Interventions to address components of frailty (low muscle mass and weakness) may improve function and quality of life among young adult cancer survivors.
Controlled One‐pot Synthesis of PdAg Nanoparticles and Their Application in the Semi‐hydrogenation of Acetylene in Ethylene‐rich Mixtures
Authors: Delgado Jorge A. , Benkirane Olivia , de Lachaux Suzanne , Claver Carmen , Ferré Joan , Curulla‐Ferré Daniel , Godard Cyril
Published: March 2022

In the present paper, we report the synthesis of highly functionalized nanomaterials carefully nanoengineered to catalyze the semi‐hydrogenation of acetylene in ethylene‐rich mixtures. Surface functionalization and structure modification of a series of bimetallic PdAg nanoparticles was performed using HHDMA as stabilizer and alloying the active palladium phase with silver. Bimetallic PdAg NPs with adjustable Pd/Ag ratio were prepared in water through a novel one‐pot methodology using hydrogen gas as a benign reducing agent and cyanide as additive. UV‐Vis studies indicated the formation of the bimetallic nanostructures through a sequential displacement‐galvanic reduction process mediated by cyanide. The series of colloidal NPs were deposited onto alumina and successfully applied as catalysts in the selective hydrogenation of acetylene in ethylene rich mixtures. Geometric and electronic promotion of Ag over Pd based catalysts was evidenced by the increase of the ethylene selectivity with the Ag content. The reactivity of these materials demonstrated the applicability of HHDMA stabilized NPs in a gas phase reaction of industrial interest and the success of combining several strategies for the enhancement of the alkene selectivity.
Synthesis of Truncated Carbocyclic Nucleosides Using 5′‐Deoxy‐5′‐Heteroarylsulfonylnucleosides
Authors: Oka Natsuhisa , Kanda Mayuka , Furuzawa Minami , Arai Wakaba , Ando Kaori
Published: March 2022

This article describes the detailed protocol for the synthesis of “truncated” carbocyclic nucleosides with a cyclopentene core and without a 4′‐hydroxymethyl group. The synthesis was performed using 5′‐deoxy‐5′‐heteroarylsulfonylnucleosides, which were prepared by the 5′‐O‐mesylation of the appropriately protected nucleosides, followed by a nucleophilic substitution with heteroarylthiols and the oxidation of the resulting 5′‐S‐heteroaryl‐5′‐thionucleosides. The treatment of the 5′‐deoxy‐5′‐heteroarylsulfonylnucleosides with 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene affords the truncated carbocyclic nucleosides, presumably via a domino reaction involving the α‐deprotonation of the heteroarylsulfone, elimination of the nucleobase, formation of an α,β‐unsaturated sulfone, Michael addition of the nucleobase to the α,β‐unsaturated sulfone, and an intramolecular Julia‐Kocienski reaction. This protocol would be useful for the short‐step synthesis of biologically active carbocyclic nucleosides. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of 5′‐deoxy‐5′‐heteroarylsulfonylnucleosides

Basic Protocol 2: Synthesis of truncated carbocyclic nucleosides
An integrated equalization charger for series‐connected energy storage cells
Authors: Yang Xiaoguang , Jia Zhe , Wang Dexin , Nie Baoxin , Zhao Xiaobing , Su Yukui
Published: March 2022

This paper proposes an integrated equalization charger that integrates the charger, module‐level equalizer, and cell‐level equalizer into the energy storage system, which greatly simplifies the system. The proposed control strategy can not only improve the equalization charging characteristics of the system, such as fast balancing speed and high efficiency, but also enable all active switches to achieve zero voltage switching (ZVS) operation. The established analytical models and control block diagram facilitate the design and development of the converter. The proposed converter can balance the cells while charging the string. An experimental prototype was developed, and the experimental results verified the theoretical analysis and demonstrated the characteristics of the proposed converter.
Diverging conditions of current and potential future urban forest patches
Authors: Doroski Danica A. , Bradford Mark A. , Duguid Marlyse C. , Hallett Richard A. , Pregitzer Clara C. , Ashton Mark S.
Published: March 2022

Forested natural areas in cities provide a range of social, ecological, economic, and health benefits. Ensuring the delivery of these benefits requires an understanding of current and potential future forest conditions, yet urban forest dynamics are not well‐understood. Here, we address this knowledge gap by examining forest structure and composition in 126 plots distributed across three forest patch sizes (large [95–126 ha], medium [1–19 ha], and small [0.05–0.65 ha] patches) in the city of New Haven, CT. We detected significant shifts in forest structure and composition suggesting a suite of distinct successional trajectories within each patch size. Large patches comprised 95% native tree species in the canopy (>5 cm dbh), sapling (1–5 cm dbh), and seedling (<1 cm dbh) layers, suggesting that these large patches will continue to be native‐dominated in the future—a primary objective for urban forest management. Moreover, in these large patches, shifts in the dominant species in each stratum suggest that as large patches move through succession they will transition from moderately shade‐tolerant forest types (i.e., oaks) to shade‐tolerant types (i.e., American beech)—a similar successional trajectory to surrounding second‐growth forests in the region. Medium patches were the most heterogeneous patch size sampled. Despite this heterogeneity, they generally resembled large patches in the canopy and sapling layers but diverged in the seedling layer. In medium patches, the invasive Norway maple replaced American beech as primary seedling species suggesting a future shift toward non‐native‐dominated forest in the future. Small patches were the most compositionally and structurally distinct patch size sampled. Only 36% of the canopy trees and saplings in small patches were native species; however, this increased to 71% native in the seedling layer. Additionally, the most important seedling species included those that are bird‐dispersed highlighting the potentially valuable role that these small, non‐native, forest fragments play as wildlife corridors. Collectively, our study demonstrates that multiple forest types, dynamics, and conditions can be found within a single city and that forest patch size offers a helpful framework to begin to parse out these differences.
Influence of the Current Density on the Interfacial Reactivity of Layered Oxide Cathodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zarrabeitia Maider , Rojo Teófilo , Passerini Stefano , Muñoz-Márquez Miguel Ángel
Published: March 2022

The full commercialization of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) is still hindered by their lower electrochemical performance and higher cost ($ W−1 h−1) with respect to lithium‐ion batteries. Understanding the electrode–electrolyte interphase formation in both electrodes (anode and cathode) is crucial to increase the cell performance and, ultimately, reduce the cost. Herein, a step forward regarding the study of the cathode–electrolyte interphase (CEI) by means of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been carried out by correlating the formation of the CEI on the P2‐Na0.67Mn0.8Ti0.2O2 layered oxide cathode with the cycling rate. The results reveal that the applied current density affects the concentration of the formed interphase species, as well as the thickness of CEI, but not its chemistry, indicating that the electrode–electrolyte interfacial reactivity is mainly driven by thermodynamic factors.
Robust action and scenarios: A rejoinder
Authors: Rowland Nicholas J. , Spaniol Matthew J.
Published: March 2022

This article is a rejoinder in response to commentaries written about a 25‐year retrospective on Kees van der Heijden's seminal text Scenarios: The Art of Strategic Conversation. As a means to explore the commentaries and—without irony—bring them into conversation with one another, this piece engages in a thought experiment about the impact of Scenarios as well as the book's author through the sociologically informed notion of robust action from traditional thinking about social embeddedness.
The long‐term effect of the Earned Income Tax Credit on women's physical and mental health
Authors: Jones Lauren E. , Wang Guangyi , Yilmazer Tansel
Published: March 2022

Using a novel method, and data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79), we estimate the cumulative, long‐term, causal effect of Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) eligibility on women's physical and mental health at age 50. We find that an increase in lifetime eligible EITC benefits is associated with long‐term improvements in physical health, such as reduced occurrence of activity‐limiting health problems and reduced reported diagnoses of mild and severe diseases. We explore intermediate health behaviors and outcomes, and find that an increase in lifetime eligible EITC benefits increases the number of hours worked and access to employer‐sponsored health insurance, and decreases body mass index in the short‐term. We find no significant effects of the EITC on mental health at age 50. Finally, we find that White women benefit disproportionately from the EITC in terms of mobility‐related health issues, while Black and Hispanic women benefit in terms of lung‐related illnesses like asthma, as well as cancer and stroke.
Post‐acute health care needs of people with head and neck cancer: Mapping health care services, experiences, and the impact of rurality
Authors: Foley Jasmine , Burns Clare L. , Ward Elizabeth C. , Nund Rebecca L. , Wishart Laurelie R. , Kenny Lizbeth M. , Stevens Maurice
Published: March 2022

Background

People with head and neck cancer (HNC) have complex health care needs; however, limited evidence exists regarding the nature or patterns of service access and use. This study explored the post‐discharge health care needs and experiences of individuals with HNC from metropolitan and rural areas.

Methods

Health care appointments and services accessed by people with HNC were collated for 6‐month post‐treatment. Data analysis of the whole cohort examined patterns of access while journey mapping integrated participants' experiences of recovery.

Results

The 6‐month service access journey was mapped for 11 people. Rural participants attended a significantly greater number of appointments (p = 0.012), higher canceled/missed appointments (p = 0.013), and saw more professionals (p = 0.007). Rural participants reported higher stress and burden due to service access barriers and unmet needs.

Conclusions

Multiple challenges and inequities exist for rural people with HNC. Findings inform opportunities to enhance the post‐treatment recovery of people with HNC in rural areas.
Renal myxoma – a case report of a rare kidney tumor, its differential diagnosis and literature review
Authors: Hudairy Rawan , Buksh Omar , Akram Rabea , Alammari Adel , Al‐Maghrabi Jaudah , Almansouri Zuhoor
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Myxoma is a rare benign kidney tumor. Only 18 cases have been described in the literature. We report a new case of renal myxoma that arises from the renal parenchyma.

Case presentation

A 56‐year‐old man, medically free, presented complaining of intermittent vague left‐side abdominal pain for 1 year, otherwise no history of gross hematuria or lower urinary tract symptoms. Clinical examination revealed a soft, non‐tender abdomen. All laboratory investigations were within normal. Abdominal and pelvic computed tomography scan with contrast revealed a large mass located in the upper pole of left kidney with the possibility of renal cell carcinoma. A laparoscopic‐assisted left robotic radical nephrectomy was performed. Microscopic examination revealed renal myxoma.

Conclusion

Renal myxoma is a very rare benign kidney tumor with excellent prognosis. Considering its rarity, it is important to recognize this entity to avoid diagnostic errors with other neoplasms with prominent myxoid features.
Shape memory polymer foams with tunable interconnectivity using off‐the‐shelf foaming components
Authors: Petryk Natalie Marie , Haas Grace , Vakil Anand Utpal , Monroe Mary Beth Browning
Published: March 2022

The ability to easily and safety tune pore structures of gas‐blown polyurethane shape memory polymer (SMP) foams could improve their outcomes as hemostatic dressings or tissue engineering scaffolds and enable overall commercialization efforts. Incorporating physical blowing agents into the polymer mix can be used to tune pore size and interconnectivity without altering foam chemistry. Enovate (HFC‐254fa) is a commonly used physical blowing agent in gas‐blown foams, but the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers its use unacceptable because it is a hydrofluorocarbon that contributes to global warming. Here, off‐the‐shelf solvents accepted for use by the EPA, acetone, dimethyoxymethane (methylal), and methyl formate, were used as physical blowing agents by adding small volumes during foam fabrication. Increasing the physical blowing agent volume resulted in greater pore interconnectivity while maintaining SMP foam chemical and thermal properties. Pore size and interconnectivity also impacted cell and blood interactions with the foams. This work provides a safe and easy method for tuning SMP foam interconnectivity to aid in future commercialization efforts in a range of potential biomedical applications.
Valence energy correction for electron reactive force field
Authors: Bertolini Samuel , Jacob Timo
Published: March 2022

Reactive force fields (ReaxFF) are a classical method to describe material properties based on a bond‐order formalism, that allows bond dissociation and consequently investigations of reactive systems. Semiclassical treatment of electrons was introduced within ReaxFF simulations, better known as electron reactive force fields (eReaxFF), to explicitly treat electrons as spherical Gaussian waves. In the original version of eReaxFF, the electrons and electron–holes can lead to changes in both the bond energy and the Coulomb energy of the system. In the present study, the method was modified to allow an electron to modify the valence energy, therefore, permitting that the electron's presence modifies the three‐body interactions, affecting the angle among three atoms. When a reaction path involving electron transfer is more sensitive to the geometric configuration of the molecules, corrections in the angular structure in the presence of electrons become more relevant; in this case, bond dissociation may not be enough to describe a reaction path. Consequently, the application of the extended eReaxFF method developed in this work should provide an improved description of a reaction path. As a first demonstration this semiclassical force field was parametrized for hydrogen and oxygen interactions, including water and water's ions. With the modified methodology both the overall accuracy of the force field but also the description of the angles within the molecules in presence of electrons could be improved.
Steiner triple systems and spreading sets in projective spaces
Authors: Nagy Zoltán Lóránt , Szemerédi Levente
Published: March 2022

We address several extremal problems concerning the spreading property of point sets of Steiner triple systems. This property is closely related to the structure of subsystems, as a set is spreading if and only if there is no proper subsystem which contains it. We give sharp upper bounds on the size of a minimal spreading set in a Steiner triple system and show that if all the minimal spreading sets are large then the examined triple system must be a projective space. We also show that the size of a minimal spreading set is not an invariant of a Steiner triple system.
The value of colorectal filling contrast ultrasonography in diagnosing pediatric juvenile polyps
Authors: Zhang Min , Lin Hai , Hu Jie , Jing Xiang Xiang , Qin Ling Ling
Published: March 2022

Objectives

To describe a facilitated procedure of colorectal filling contrast ultrasonography (CFCUS) and explore its value in the diagnosis of pediatric juvenile polyps.

Methods

One hundred and eleven children with clinical signs of colorectal polyps admitted to our hospital between May 2018 and May 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. All children underwent conventional transabdominal ultrasonography (CTUS) and CFCUS prior to undergoing colonoscopy. Pathologic findings were used as the gold standard. Chi‐squared tests and Mann–Whitney U tests were used for the statistical analysis.

Results

Forty‐five children with fifty‐two colorectal polyps were confirmed via pathological examination. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CFCUS vs. CTUS were 92.3% versus 80.7%, 100% versus 100%, 100% versus 100%, and 93.3% versus 84.8%, respectively. The missed polyps were significantly smaller than the polyps detected in diameter (7.50 ± 2.12 mm vs. 19.62 ± 7.89 mm, p < 0.0001) by CTUS. A significant difference between CTUS and CFCUS was observed in the detection rate of polyps with a diameter < 1 cm (p = 0.031) and pedicles (p < 0.001). The kappa values for the assessment of Yamada's classification between CTUS and colonoscopy and CFCUS and colonoscopy were 0.51 and 0.84, respectively. Moreover, CFCUS incidentally revealed a punctate hyperechoic area on the surface of colonic polyps in six cases, which may be suggestive of a correlation with erosion and bleeding findings.

Conclusion

CFCUS can increase the detection rate of polyps and pedicles, especially polyps with diameters <1 cm, and accurately evaluate Yamada's classification, providing useful preoperative information for colonoscopy.
Quantum resolution limit via coherent polarization Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Zheltikov Aleksei M.
Published: March 2022

As one of the milestones in early‐era nonlinear Raman studies, Akhmanov et al. [Sov. Phys. JETP 47, 667 (1978)] and Koroteev et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, 398 (1979)] have demonstrated that polarization coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy can resolve overlapping spectral lines that cannot be resolved by means of spontaneous Raman scattering spectroscopy and argued that the resolution of this method is unlimited. Here, we show that information theory offers useful insights into this remarkable result. We demonstrate that spectral super‐resolution attainable in polarization CARS can be understood in terms of the Fisher information and the pertinent Cramér–Rao lower bound. We show that, with a suitable polarization arrangement, coherent Raman scattering can be tailored to yield super‐resolving spectral modes that provide a nonvanishing Fisher information even for deeply sub‐Rayleigh spectral features, preventing the variance of spectral measurements from diverging no matter how fine these spectral features are. When the nonresonant coherent background scattering can be efficiently suppressed, the Fisher information of such super‐resolving modes reaches its upper bound as dictated by its quantum version—the quantum Fisher information.
Effect of glucose levels on carbon flow rate, antioxidant status, and enzyme activity of yeast during fermentation
Authors: Xie Dongdong , Sun Yingqi , Lei Yanan
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

The physiological metabolism of yeast has a significant impact on the quality of fermentation products. The present study aimed to investigate yeast metabolism in response to a changing glucose content environment, especially in fermentation products, as well as the change of carbon flow rate, antioxidant status, and yeast enzyme activity.

RESULTS

Yeast in a 0 g L−1 glucose level was subjected to carbon starvation stress, cell growth retardation and cell proliferation was significantly inadequate; in the logarithmic growth stage of yeast, at a 30 g L−1 glucose level, the carbon source mainly flowed to tricarboxylic acid cycle and pentose phosphate metabolism, cell division, proliferation, and increased cell growth. In later logarithmic growth period and stable period, carbon flowed into glycerol and trehalose metabolism, to cope with the environmental stress; yeast in 60 and 150 g L−1 glucose levels faced high glucose stress at the beginning, the content of reactive oxygen increased, malondialdehyde content increased, cell damage was reduced through the regulation of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activities, and most of the carbon flowed into the metabolic pathway of ethanol, glycerol, and trehalose to cope with high glucose stress, the pentose phosphate pathway showed a large late influx, and NADPH also started to increase rapidly after 24 h.

CONCLUSION

Yeast was stressed in a high‐sugar environment and ensured the activity of yeast by preferentially increasing the metabolic intensity of trehalose, glycerol, and glycolytic metabolism, weakening tricarboxylic acid metabolism, and first weakening and then increasing pentose phosphate metabolism. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.