bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tolerability and the effect on skin Staphylococcus pseudintermedius density of repeated diluted sodium hypochlorite (bleach) baths at 0.005% in healthy dogs
Authors: Banovic Frane , Reno Lisa , Lawhon Sara D. , Wu Jing , Hoffmann Aline Rodrigues
Published: June 2023

Background

Dilute sodium hypochlorite (bleach) baths at 0.005% concentration twice weekly have been shown to markedly reduce the severity of atopic dermatitis in children, yet no tolerability and efficacy data are available for this treatment in dogs.

Objectives

To determine the local tolerability and the longitudinal effect on the density of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius of repeated diluted bleach baths on healthy dog skin.

Animals

Four healthy hound cross‐bred dogs.

Methods

Bleach baths (0.005%; twice weekly for 15 min) were applied to four healthy hound cross‐bred dogs over four weeks (eight baths). Local tolerability was assessed for axillae, abdomen and legs by an investigator before, immediately after and 24 h after each bath. The longitudinal effect on density of S. pseudintermedius from axillae and groin was analysed through quantitative PCR before treatment [at Day (D)‐7 and ‐3], during treatment on D4, D11 and D25, and on D30.

Results

There was no erythema or scaling after the baths in any dog. Copy numbers of S. pseudintermedius in axillae, groin and both (axillae and groin together) were not significantly different at any time point during the study.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Repeated 0.005% hypochlorite bleach baths over four weeks were safe and well‐tolerated in healthy dogs without significant changes in the density of S. pseudintermedius.
Treatment of canine spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects (SCCEDs) with corneal thermal cautery: A retrospective study of 89 cases
Authors: Landrevie Clara , Marchal Julie , Robin Marie‐Claire , Douet Jean‐Yves
Published: June 2023

Purpose

To evaluate the clinical course and outcome of canine spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects (SCCEDs) treated with a combination of cotton‐tip epithelial debridement (ED) and corneal thermal cautery (CTC), with or without diamond burr debridement (DBD).

Methods

Retrospective medical record review was used to identify dogs treated for SCCEDs at the Veterinary School of Toulouse between 2001 and 2021. The variables identified included signalment, history, clinical findings, previous treatments, and outcomes. Surgery was performed under manual restraint after topical anesthesia of the cornea. The outcome endpoints included healing, clearing of the cornea and complications.

Results

Seventy‐seven dogs (89 eyes) from 28 different breeds fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 8.78 years. The overall success rate after one procedure was 65.1% with a mean healing time of 15.4 days, but 21 eyes lost to follow‐up after the initial treatment, were not included in calculations. There was no significant effect of age, eye, brachycephalic conformation and previous treatments. No significant differences in healing rates were found between groups that received DBD or not. Fifteen eyes (22.7%) underwent a second procedure. Complications (corneal pigmentation, uveitis, corneal bullae, and corneal infection) were observed in 15 cases (22%), with only two cases of complicating melting ulcer.

Conclusions

CTC is a safe and effective treatment for SCCEDs in dogs and can be performed without general anesthesia. Additional DBD does not bring any significant value to CTC in SCCEDs. CTC could be interesting in cases where other procedures are less desirable.
Safety of troclosene sodium solution in decontamination of wounds: A prospective clinical and laboratory study
Authors: Segal Miriam , Metanes Issa , O'Boyle Ciaran P. , Sadeh Omer , Hassan Samer , Bryzgalin Leonid , Lavi Idit , Franco Eyal , Har‐Shai Yaron
Published: June 2023

Debate persists regarding the safety of hypochlorite‐containing solutions in the decontamination of infected wounds. In 2006, the Israeli Ministry of Health withdrew licensing approval for troclosene sodium as a wound irrigation solution. The aim of this prospective clinical and laboratory study was to investigate the safety of troclosene sodium solution for decontamination of infected wounds. Troclosene sodium solution was used to treat 30 patients with 35 infected skin wounds of various etiologies and body areas, over a treatment period of 8 days. Data were gathered according to a prospectively designed protocol including general findings, wound‐specific observations on Day 1 and Day 8 and laboratory parameters on Day 1 and Day 8. Wound swabs and tissue biopsy for culture were taken on Day 1 and Day 8. Statistical analysis was executed. Tests were 2‐sided and p values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Eighteen males and 12 females, with 35 infected skin wounds were enrolled. There were no adverse clinical events. No significant changes were observed in general clinical observations. Statistically significant improvements were observed in: pain (p < 0.0001); edema (p < 0.0001); area of wound covered by granulation tissue (p < 0.0001); exudate (p < 0.0001); and erythema (p = 0.002). Prior to treatment, bacteria were demonstrated on microscopy or on culture in 90% of wound samples. On Day 8, this frequency reduced to 40%. There were no abnormal laboratory tests. Serum sodium concentration increased significantly between Day 1 and Day 8, whilst serum concentration of urea and concentrations of thrombocytes, leucocytes and neutrophils showed statistically significant reductions, but all values remained within normal laboratory ranges throughout the study period. Troclosene sodium solution is clinically safe in the management of infected wounds. These findings were presented to the Israel Ministry of Health and as a result, troclosene sodium was re‐approved and licensed for decontamination of infected wounds in Israel.
Zoonotic Cryptosporidium meleagridis in urban invasive monk parakeets
Authors: Briceño Cristóbal , Marcone Daniela , Larraechea Matilde , Hidalgo Héctor , Fredes Fernando , Ramírez‐Toloza Galia , Cabrera Gonzalo
Published: June 2023

Zoonotic Cryptosporidium meleagridis was identified in invasive monk parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus) from Santiago metropolis in Chile. Oocysts were isolated from nestlings' faeces, and a fragment of 18S ribosomal RNA gene was amplified and sequenced. This finding emphasizes the importance of permanent pathogen monitoring in synanthropic species with wide global distribution.
Digital Marketing of Handicraft SMEs in Medan City: Learning Evaluation
Authors: Thamrin Muhammad Husni , Eriza Faisal , Nasution Faiz Albar , Yusuf Muhammad , Indainanto Yofiendi Indah
Published: June 2023

This study aims to identify the obstacles craft Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) face in Medan, especially Sekar Handycraft SMEs, to understand digital marketing better. During the pandemic, Sekar Handycraft's direct marketing faced challenges that led to a decline in sales during the pandemic. Meanwhile, digital marketing design is still in its infancy. It uses a qualitative method by conducting in-depth interviews with members of Sekar Handycraft as primary data and digital marketing design with secondary data through the Semrush, Social Blade, and Google Trends websites for learning evaluation. The results show a need for more specific skills in implementing digital marketing designs. There is a significant difference between unbalanced direct and digital marketing design skills. The main barriers to technology adoption are individual innovation skills, ease of direct transactions, and skills gaps. As a result, proper digital marketing design integration takes time to implement. It is essential to gain knowledge and awareness of the potential of Sekar Handycraft's digital interactions through a digital optimization strategy approach.
Aislamiento y caracterización de bacterias productoras de polihidroxialcanoato a partir de muestras de agua de mar (Tumaco)
Authors: Fernández Izquierdo Pablo , Villota-Calvachi Guido Ernesto , Otero-Ramírez Iván , Hidalgo-Bonilla Sandra Patricia , Quiroz Cabrera Maira Alejandra , Gómez Arrieta Jenny Dimelza , Burbano Rosero Edith Mariela
Published: June 2023

Introducción. Los polihidroxialcanoatos (PHA) son una familia de poliésteres que comprenden más de 100 tipos de homopolímeros y heteropolímeros que pueden ser producidos por microorganismos a partir de fuentes de carbono renovables, lo que los convierte en materiales sustitutos de los plásticos, sostenibles y respetuosos con el medio ambiente. Actualmente, la producción de biopolímeros no es competitiva en términos de costos yrendimiento en comparación con los polímeros sintéticos; sin embargo, la producción por diferentes cepas bacterianas puede proporcionar viabilidad económica y ecológica si se realizan inversiones en esta área, ya que hay evidencia de que el bioplástico acumula genes de resistencia a antibióticos (ARG) y genes de resistencia a metales (MRG) en sedimentos marinos. Objetivo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue aislar y caracterizar molecular y bioquímicamente bacterias productoras de PHA presentes en muestras de agua obtenidas de cinco sitios (estaciones de servicio) en las regiones costeras de la Isla de Tumaco, Nariño-Colombia, y determinar la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de las muestras obtenidas, ya que su papelbiológico va más allá de su función de almacenamiento porque su presencia en el citoplasma mejora la resistencia al estrés de los microorganismos. Materiales y métodos. Se aislaron colonias bacterianas a partir de muestras de agua. Se utilizó un método de tinción de colonias viables utilizando Rojo Nilo para seleccionar bacterias productoras de PHA. Las colonias aisladas se caracterizaron mediante métodos bioquímicos, microbiológicos y moleculares,y se sometieron a pruebas de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana y fermentación. El extracto crudo se analizó mediante técnicas de GC-MS/MS. Resultados. Más de treinta y ocho cepas fueron identificadas como posibles aislados positivos para PHA siguiendo el enfoque de selección previamente expuesto, pero solo un aislado resultó viable para la producción de PHA (T2-25A). Todas las muestras aisladas fueron resistentes a metronidazol, ampicilina,trimetoprima sulfametoxazol, cefalotina, ceftriaxona y cefazolina, y el 27.3 % fueron resistentes a novobiocina. Conclusiones. Se obtuvo una cepa con potencial para la producción de PHA. No obstante, esta información complementará estudios futuros sobre las condicionesnecesarias para producir PHA. Adicionalmente, los datos sobre resistencia a los antibióticos llamaron nuestra atención, especialmente debido al origen de las aguas donde obtuvimos los aislados.
Ultrasonography-guided botulinum toxin injection for lumbrical muscle spasticity in a hemiplegic patient
Authors: Ata Emre , Güler Mehmet Akif , Adıgüzel Emre
Published: June 2023

.
Reexamining the effects of electrode location on measures of neural health in cochlear implant users
Authors: Schvartz-Leyzac Kara C. , Pfingst Bryan E.
Published: June 2023

The electrically evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs) amplitude-growth function (AGF) slope correlates with spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) density in the cochlear implanted cochlea. Electrode insertion angle and medial–lateral distance covary from base to apex; in some human ears, SGN survival varies from base to apex, making it difficult to parse out contributing factors to the ECAP AGF slope. Evoked compound action potentials were analyzed on each electrode and compared to post-operative computerized tomography scans. When controlling for medial–lateral distance, insertion angle does not influence ECAP AGF slope.
QT Interval Prolongation with One or More QT-Prolonging Agents Used as Part of a Multidrug Regimen for Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment: Findings from Two Pediatric Studies
Authors: Ali Ali Mohamed , Radtke Kendra K. , Hesseling Anneke C. , Winckler Jana , Schaaf H. Simon , Draper Heather R. , Solans Belén P. , van der Laan Louvina , Hughes Jennifer , Fourie Barend , Nielsen James , Garcia-Prats Anthony J. , Savic Rada M.
Published: June 2023

Rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) involves treatment with many drugs that can prolong the QT interval; this risk may increase when multiple QT-prolonging drugs are used together. We assessed QT interval prolongation in children with RR-TB receiving one or more QT-prolonging drugs.
Factors Influencing Tissue Cyst Yield in a Murine Model of Chronic Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Troublefield Cortni A. , Miracle Joy S. , Murphy Robert D. , Donkin Ryan W. , Sinai Anthony P.
Published: June 2023

Recent advances into the unique biology of
Toxoplasma
tissue cysts and the bradyzoites they house necessitate optimization of tissue cyst recovery from infected mouse brains. Here, we present data from 83 tissue cyst purifications of Type II ME49 tissue cysts in CBA/J mice performed over a period of 3 years.
Reduced NR2F2 Expression in the Host Response to Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Infection Suppressed Viral Replication by Enhancing Type I Interferon Expression by Targeting SOCS5
Authors: You Guangju , Li Wei , Wang Yongqiang , Cao Hong , Li Xiaoqi , Gao Li , Zheng Shijun J.
Published: June 2023

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an immunosuppressive disease causing considerable economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Nuclear receptors play an important role in regulating innate antiviral immunity.
Reverse Genetic Assessment of the Roles Played by the Spike Protein and ORF3 in Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Pathogenicity
Authors: Kristen-Burmann Claudia , Rogger Peter , Veiga Inês Berenguer , Riebesehl Stefanie , Rappe Julie , Ebert Nadine , Sautter Carmen A. , Kelly Jenna N. , Stalder Hanspeter , Ehmann Rosina , Huber Michael , Posthaus Horst , Ruggli Nicolas , Thiel Volker , Tekes Gergely
Published: June 2023

PEDV is a swine pathogen that is responsible for significant animal and economic losses worldwide. Highly pathogenic variants can lead to a mortality rate of up to 100% in newborn piglets.
Novel Genome Sequences of Ophidiomyces ophidiicola, the Causative Agent of Snake Fungal Disease
Authors: Brosnan Erin B. , Palmisano Jenna N. , Martin Julianna K. , Fitak Robert R.
Published: June 2023

Ophidiomyces ophidiicola
is a globally distributed fungal pathogen of snakes. This study reports genome assemblies for three novel isolates that were derived from hosts originating in the United States, Germany, and Canada. The assemblies have a mean length of 21.4 Mbp, with coverage of 116.7×, and will contribute to wildlife disease research.
Genome Sequence of Clinical Acinetobacter baumannii Strain V15
Authors: Permingeat Valentín , Perez Mora Bárbara , Torres Manno Mariano , Giordano Rocío , Arana Natalia , Müller Gabriela , Krasauskas Renatas , Mussi María Alejandra
Published: June 2023

Acinetobacter baumannii
is recognized as a critical human pathogen by the World Health Organization, and therefore there is increasing interest in studying its biology and pathophysiology. Among other strains,
A. baumannii
V15 has been extensively used for these purposes. Here, the genome sequence of
A. baumannii
V15 is presented.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Bacillus bombysepticus Strains from Drinking Water
Authors: Bezuidenhout Cornelius C. , Molale-Tom Lesego G. , Kritzinger Rinaldo K. , Olanrewaju Oluwaseyi Samuel
Published: June 2023

Human activities contribute to the contamination of drinking water sources, thereby impacting both the quality of the water and the composition of the bacterial communities present. We report the draft genome sequences of two pathogenic heterotrophic
Bacillus bombysepticus
strains harboring various antibiotic resistance genes; the strains were isolated from distribution water in South Africa.
Genome of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) Obtained from Tomato Leaves in Kuwait
Authors: Al-Hashash Hanadi , Akbar Abrar , Al-Ali Ebtisam
Published: June 2023

We report here the genome sequence of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) Wafra 19, isolated in Kuwait from symptomatic tomato plant leaves. The genome showed 98.42% identity to the AZ23-1 strain genome sequence.
Analysis of Regulatory Mechanism of AcrB and CpxR on Colistin Susceptibility Based on Transcriptome and Metabolome of Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: Zhai Ya-Jun , Liu Pei-Yi , Luo Xing-Wei , Liang Jun , Sun Ya-Wei , Cui Xiao-Die , He Dan-Dan , Pan Yu-Shan , Wu Hua , Hu Gong-Zheng
Published: June 2023

Emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative (G
-
) bacteria have led to the reconsideration of colistin as the last-resort therapeutic option for health care-associated infections. Finding new drug targets and strategies against the spread of MDR G
-
bacteria are global challenges for the life sciences community and public health.
Identification and Molecular Characteristics of a Novel Single-Stranded RNA Virus Isolated from Culextritaeniorhynchus in China
Authors: Wu Zhen , Liu Jingyu , Feng Xiuwei , Zhang Yuli , Liu Lin , Niu Guoyu
Published: June 2023

Our study provided important epidemiological evidence for the epidemic of HMV2 in Shandong Province. Here, we report the first isolation and molecular characteristics of this virus and enrich our knowledge of the distribution of HMV2 in China.
Microfluidic Capture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Clinical Samples for Culture-Free Whole-Genome Sequencing
Authors: Ismail Nabila , Dippenaar Anzaan , Morgan George , Grobbelaar Melanie , Wells Felicia , Caffry Jessica , Morais Cristiana , Gizynski Krzysztof , McGurk David , Boada Eduardo , Murton Heather , Warren Robin M. , Van Rie Annelies
Published: June 2023

Diagnosis of tuberculosis is effective using molecular methods; however, a comprehensive characterization of the resistance profile of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
often requires culturing and phenotypic drug susceptibility testing or culturing followed by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The phenotypic route can take anywhere from 1 to >3 months to result, by which point the patient may have acquired additional drug resistance.
Optimization of the Simple One-Step Stool Processing Method to Diagnose Tuberculosis: Evaluation of Robustness and Stool Transport Conditions for Global Implementation
Authors: Yenew Bazezew , de Haas Petra , Diriba Getu , Kebede Abebaw , Sherefdin Bihil , Demissie Yohannes , Bedru Ahmed , Sahile Mamush , Mengesha Endale , Dememew Zewdu Gashu , Tegegn Ben , Slyzkyi Andrii , Amare Misikir , Getahun Muluwork , Abdella Saro , Jerene Degu , Tiemersma Edine
Published: June 2023

The manuscript will support the global implementation and scale-up of the SOS stool method in routine settings. It also provides important insights on the optimal stool transport conditions and robustness of the SOS method, which can be used for bacteriological diagnosis of TB in children at the lowest levels of the healthcare system, avoiding lengthy healthcare-seeking pathways and additional costs.
Virome Analysis Provides an Insight into the Viral Community of Chinese Mitten Crab
Eriocheir sinensis
Authors: Guo Guangyu , Wang Muhua , Zhou Dandan , He Xinyi , Han Peiyun , Chen Gongrui , Zeng Jiamin , Liu Zhi , Wu Yinqing , Weng Shaoping , He Jianguo
Published: June 2023

High-throughput sequencing and meta-transcriptomic analysis provide us with an efficient tool to discover unknown viruses and explore the composition of viral communities in specific species. In this study, we investigated viromes in asymptomatic and diseased Chinese mitten crabs collected from three distant locations.
CsrA Positively and Directly Regulates the Expression of the
pdu
,
pocR
, and
eut
Genes Required for the Luminal Replication of
Salmonella
Typhimurium
Authors: Nava-Galeana Jessica , Yakhnin Helen , Babitzke Paul , Bustamante Víctor H.
Published: June 2023

The regulatory mechanisms that control the expression of virulence genes are essential for bacteria to infect hosts.
Salmonella
has developed diverse regulatory mechanisms to colonize the host gut. For instance, the SirA-CsrB/CsrC-CsrA regulatory cascade controls the expression of the SPI-1 genes, which are required for this bacterium to invade intestinal epithelium cells and for the induction of an intestinal inflammatory response.
Investigating the Genetic Diversity of H5 Avian Influenza Viruses in the United Kingdom from 2020–2022
Authors: Byrne Alexander M. P. , James Joe , Mollett Benjamin C. , Meyer Stephanie M. , Lewis Thomas , Czepiel Magdalena , Seekings Amanda H. , Mahmood Sahar , Thomas Saumya S. , Ross Craig S. , Byrne Dominic J. F. , McMenamy Michael J. , Bailie Valerie , Lemon Ken , Hansen Rowena D. E. , Falchieri Marco , Lewis Nicola S. , Reid Scott M. , Brown Ian H. , Banyard Ashley C.
Published: June 2023

High-pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) outbreaks devastate avian species across all sectors, having both economic and ecological impacts through mortalities in poultry and wild birds, respectively. These viruses can also represent a significant zoonotic risk.
FAM46C Is an Interferon-Stimulated Gene That Inhibits Lentiviral Particle Production by Modulating Autophagy
Authors: Mancino Marilena , Lai Giancarlo , De Grossi Federica , Cuomo Alessandro , Manganaro Lara , Butta Giacomo M. , Ferrari Ivan , Vicenzi Elisa , Poli Guido , Pesce Elisa , Oliveto Stefania , Biffo Stefano , Manfrini Nicola
Published: June 2023

FAM46C role has been thoroughly investigated in MM, but studies characterizing its role outside of the tumoral environment are still lacking. Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy in suppressing HIV load to undetectable levels, there is currently no HIV cure, and treatment is lifelong.
Metabolite Alterations and Interactions with Microbiota in Helicobacter pylori-Associated Gastric Lesions
Authors: Peng Lei , Guo Yang , Gerhard Markus , Gao Juan-Juan , Liu Zong-Chao , Mejías-Luque Raquel , Zhang Lian , Vieth Michael , Ma Jun-Ling , Liu Wei-Dong , Li Zhe-Xuan , Zhou Tong , Li Wen-Qing , You Wei-Cheng , Zhang Yang , Pan Kai-Feng
Published: June 2023

In this study, a panel was established including differential metabolites, genera, and their interactions, which may help to discriminate high-risk subjects for progression from mild lesions to advanced precancerous lesions in short-term and long-term follow-up.
Coevolution of
furA
-Regulated Hyper-Inflammation and Mycobacterial Resistance to Oxidative Killing through Adaptation to Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Fan Xin , Zhao Bei , Zhang Weishan , Li Ning , Mi Kaixia , Wang Beinan
Published: June 2023

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(
Mtb
) causes human tuberculosis (TB), which has killed more people in human history than any other microorganism. However, the mechanisms underlying
Mtb
pathogenesis and related genes have not yet been fully elucidated, which impedes the development of effective strategies for containing and eradicating TB.
On the Global Temperature of the Schwarzschild–de Sitter Spacetime
Authors: Volovik G. E.
Published: June 2023

It is shown that the Schwarzschild–de Sitter spacetime has the universal temperature. This temperature describes the thermal processes of decay of the composite particles and the other processes, which are energetically forbidden in the Minkowski spacetime, but are allowed in the de Sitter and in Schwarzschild–de Sitter backgrounds. In particular, this temperature describes the probability of ionization of the atom in the Schwarzschild–de Sitter, which is observed by the stationary observer at the point where the shift function (velocity) in the Arnowitt–Deser–Misner formalism changes sign. This activation temperature does not depend on the black hole mass and is fully determined by the Hubble parameter, $${{T}_{{{\text{SdS}}}}} = \sqrt 3 H{\text{/}}\pi $$. This temperature is twice the Bousso–Hawking temperature $${{T}_{{{\text{BH}}}}}$$, which characterizes the limit of degenerate Lorentzian Schwarzschild–de Sitter universe, when the cosmological and black hole horizons are close to each other, $${{T}_{{{\text{SdS}}}}} = 2{{T}_{{{\text{BH}}}}}$$. The similar doubling of the temperature of Hawking radiation is known in the pure de Sitter spacetime, where the corresponding local temperature describing the ionization of atoms is twice the Gibbons–Hawking temperature, $${{T}_{{{\text{dS}}}}} = 2{{T}_{{{\text{GH}}}}} = H{\text{/}}\pi $$. We suggest that the activation temperature $${{T}_{{{\text{dS}}}}}$$ can be considered as the thermodynamic temperature of the de Sitter state, which determines the local entropy in this state, $$s = 3H{\text{/}}4G$$.
Advances in the pathogenesis and personalised treatment of paediatric asthma
Authors: Scotney Elizabeth , Fleming Louise , Saglani Sejal , Sonnappa Samatha , Bush Andrew
Published: June 2023

The diversity of pathology of severe paediatric asthma demonstrates that the one-size-fits-all approach characterising many guidelines is inappropriate. The term “asthma” is best used to describe a clinical syndrome of wheeze, chest tightness, breathlessness, and sometimes cough, making no assumptions about underlying pathology. Before personalising treatment, it is essential to make the diagnosis correctly and optimise basic management. Clinicians must determine exactly what type of asthma each child has. We are moving from describing symptom patterns in preschool wheeze to describing multiple underlying phenotypes with implications for targeting treatment. Many new treatment options are available for school age asthma, including biological medicines targeting type 2 inflammation, but a paucity of options are available for non-type 2 disease. The traditional reliever treatment, shortacting β2 agonists, is being replaced by combination inhalers containing inhaled corticosteroids and fast, longacting β2 agonists to treat the underlying inflammation in even mild asthma and reduce the risk of asthma attacks. However, much decision making is still based on adult data extrapolated to children. Better inclusion of children in future research studies is essential, if children are to benefit from these new advances in asthma treatment.
Identifying a list of healthcare ‘never events’ to effect system change: a systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Bowman Cara L , De Gorter Ria , Zaslow Joanna , Fortier Jacqueline H , Garber Gary
Published: June 2023

Background

Never events (NEs) are patient safety incidents that are preventable and so serious they should never happen. To reduce NEs, several frameworks have been introduced over the past two decades; however, NEs and their harms continue to occur. These frameworks have varying events, terminology and preventability, which hinders collaboration. This systematic review aims to identify the most serious and preventable events for targeted improvement efforts by answering the following questions: Which patient safety events are most frequently classified as never events? Which ones are most commonly described as entirely preventable?

Methods

For this narrative synthesis systematic review we searched Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central and CINAHL for articles published from 1 January 2001 to 27 October 2021. We included papers of any study design or article type (excluding press releases/announcements) that listed NEs or an existing NE framework.

Results

Our analyses included 367 reports identifying 125 unique NEs. Those most frequently reported were surgery on the wrong body part, wrong surgical procedure, unintentionally retained foreign objects and surgery on the wrong patient. Researchers classified 19.4% of NEs as ‘wholly preventable’. Those most included in this category were surgery on the wrong body part or patient, wrong surgical procedure, improper administration of a potassium-containing solution and wrong-route administration of medication (excluding chemotherapy).

Conclusions

To improve collaboration and facilitate learning from errors, we need a single list that focuses on the most preventable and serious NEs. Our review shows that surgery on the wrong body part or patient, or the wrong surgical procedure best meet these criteria.
G-MDSC-derived exosomes mediate the differentiation of M-MDSC into M2 macrophages promoting colitis-to-cancer transition
Authors: Wang Yungang , Liu Hongli , Zhang Zhe , Bian Dezhi , Shao Keke , Wang Shengjun , Ding Yanxia
Published: June 2023

Backgrounds

In inflammatory bowel disease microenvironment, transdifferentiation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and M2 macrophage accumulation are crucial for the transition of colitis-to-cancer. New insights into the cross-talk and the underling mechanism between MDSCs and M2 macrophage during colitis-to-cancer transition are opening new avenues for colitis-associated cancer (CAC) prevention and treatment.

Methods

The role and underlying mechanism that granulocytic MDSCs (G-MDSCs) or exosomes (Exo) regulates the differentiation of monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs) into M2 macrophages were investigated using immunoﬂuorescence, FACS, IB analysis, etc, andemploying siRNA and antibodies. In vivo efficacy and mechanistic studies were conducted with dextran sulfate sodium-induced CAC mice, employed IL-6 Abs and STAT3 inhibitor.

Results

G-MDSCs promote the differentiation of M-MDSC into M2 macrophages through exosomal miR-93–5 p which downregulating STAT3 activity in M-MDSC. IL-6 is responsible for miR-93–5 p enrichment in G-MDSC exosomes (GM-Exo). Mechanistically, chronic inflammation-driven IL-6 promote the synthesis of miR-93–5 p in G-MDSC via IL-6R/JAK/STAT3 pathway. Early use of IL-6 Abs enhances the effect of STAT3 inhibitor against CAC.

Conclusions

IL-6-driven secretion of G-MDSC exosomal miR-93–5 p promotes the differentiation of M-MDSC into M2 macrophages and involves a STAT3 signaling mechanism that promote colitis-to-cancer transition. Combining STAT3 inhibitors with strategies that inhibit IL-6-mediated G-MDSC exosomal miR-93–5 p production is beneficial for the prevention and treatment of CAC.
TIGIT is a key inhibitory checkpoint receptor in lymphoma
Authors: Godfrey James , Chen Xiufen , Sunseri Nicole , Cooper Alan , Yu Jovian , Varlamova Arina , Zarubin Dmitry , Popov Yuriy , Jacobson Connor , Postovalova Ekaterina , Xiang Zhongmin , Nomie Krystle , Bagaev Aleksander , Venkataraman Girish , Zha Yuanyuan , Tumuluru Sravya , Smith Sonali M , Kline Justin P
Published: June 2023

Background

PD-1 checkpoint blockade therapy (CBT) has greatly benefited patients with select solid tumors and lymphomas but has limited efficacy against diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Because numerous inhibitory checkpoint receptors have been implicated in driving tumor-specific T cell dysfunction, we hypothesized that combinatorial CBT would enhance the activity of anti-PD-1-based therapy in DLBCL. T cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain (TIGIT) is a coinhibitory receptor expressed on dysfunctional tumor-infiltrating T cells, and TIGIT blockade has demonstrated encouraging activity in combination with PD-1 blockade in murine tumor models and in clinical studies. However, the degree to which TIGIT mediates T cell dysfunction in DLBCL has not been fully explored.

Results

Here, we demonstrate that TIGIT is broadly expressed on lymphoma-infiltrating T cells (LITs) across a variety of human lymphomas and is frequently coexpressed with PD-1. TIGIT expression is particularly common on LITs in DLBCL, where TIGIT+LITs often form distinct cellular communities and exhibit significant contact with malignant B cells. TIGIT+/PD-1+LITs from human DLBCL and murine lymphomas exhibit hypofunctional cytokine production on ex vivo restimulation. In mice with established, syngeneic A20 B-cell lymphomas, TIGIT or PD-1 mono-blockade leads to modest delays in tumor outgrowth, whereas PD-1 and TIGIT co-blockade results in complete rejection of A20 lymphomas in most mice and significantly prolongs survival compared with mice treated with monoblockade therapy.

Conclusions

These results provide rationale for clinical investigation of TIGIT and PD-1 blockade in lymphomas, including DLBCL.
EEG response to a high volume (1.5 mL/kg) caudal block in infants less than 3 months
Authors: Castillo Paul , Vanhatalo Sampsa , Lundblad Marit , Blennow Mats , Lonnqvist P A
Published: June 2023

Introduction

The substantial compression of the dural sac and the subsequent cranial shift of cerebrospinal fluid caused by a high-volume caudal block has been shown to significantly but transiently reduce cerebral blood flow. The aim of the present study was to determine whether this reduction in cerebral perfusion is significant enough to alter brain function, as assessed by electroencephalography (EEG).

Methods

Following ethics approval and parental informed consent, 11 infants (0–3 months) scheduled to undergo inguinal hernia repair were included in the study. EEG electrodes (using nine electrodes according to the 10–20 standard) were applied following anesthesia induction. Following a 5 min baseline period, a caudal block was performed (1.5 mL/kg), whereafter the EEG, hemodynamic, and cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy responses were followed during a 20 min observation period that was divided into four 5 min segments. Special attention was given to alterations in delta power activity since this may indicate cerebral ischemia.

Results

All 11 infants displayed transient EEG changes, mainly represented by increased relative delta power, during the initial 5–10 min postinjection. The observed changes had returned close to baseline values 15 min postinjection. Heart rate and blood pressure remained stable throughout the study.

Conclusion

A high-volume caudal block appears to increase intracranial pressure, thereby reducing cerebral blood flow, to the extent that it transiently will affect cerebral function as assessed by EEG (increased delta power activity) in approximately 90% of small infants.

Trial registration number

ACTRN12620000420943.
Digestive perianastomotic ulcerations after intestinal resection in children
Authors: Zhang Weicheng , Tou Jinfa
Published: June 2023

Digestive perianastomotic ulceration (DPAU) is a rare complication after intestinal resection and anastomosis occurring at or near the anastomosis site. The purpose of this review is to summarize the characteristics of DPAU, including the etiology, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, clinical manifestations, treatment, and future research. All recent literature on DPAU was searched in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane and then reviewed. The clinical manifestations of DPAU are mainly gastrointestinal symptoms such as bloody stool and chronic anemia. The diagnosis of DPAU is difficult. Specific diseases, such as Crohn’s disease, must be ruled out before a diagnosis can be made. In addition, there are no clear treatment guidelines due to the high degree of heterogeneity in response to drugs and surgery. It is recommended to adjust medication in time and combine various treatment methods. In addition, the mechanism that causes DPAU is not well understood; however, several possible mechanisms have been proposed, such as scar tissue ischemia and underlying diseases. Moreover, there is a high risk of relapses, and a long-term follow-up is necessary. Numerous issues remain to be solved in this area; therefore, more randomized controlled trials and studies should be carried out to further understand this disease.
Targeting PTGES/PGE2 axis enhances sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil
Authors: Geng Song , Zhan Hao , Cao Lianmeng , Geng Longlong , Ren Xiang
Published: June 2023

Insensitivity and resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5FU) remain as major hurdles for effective and durable 5FU-based chemotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. In this study, we identified prostaglandin E synthase (PTGES)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) axis as an important regulator for 5FU sensitivity in CRC cells. We found that PTGES expression and PGE2 production are elevated in CRC cells in comparison to normal colorectal epithelial cells. Depletion of PTGES significantly enhanced the inhibitory effect of 5FU on CRC cell viability that was fully reverted by exogenous supplement of PGE2. Inhibition of PTGES enzymatic function, by either inducing loss-of-function mutant or treatment with selective inhibitors, phenocopied the PTGES depletion in terms of 5FU sensitization. Mechanistically, PTGES/PGE2 axis modulates glycolysis in CRC cells, thereby regulating the 5FU sensitivity. Importantly, high PTGES expression is correlated with poor prognosis in 5FU-treated CRC patients. Thus, our study defines PTGES/PGE2 axis as a novel therapeutic target for enhancing the efficacy of 5FU-based chemotherapy in CRC.
Evolution and interpolation of double parton distributions using Chebyshev grids
Authors: Diehl Markus , Nagar Riccardo , Plößl Peter , Tackmann Frank J.
Published: June 2023

Double parton distributions are the nonperturbative ingredients needed for computing double parton scattering processes in hadron–hadron collisions. They describe a variety of correlations between two partons in a hadron and depend on a large number of variables, including two independent renormalization scales. This makes it challenging to compute their scale evolution with satisfactory numerical accuracy while keeping computational costs at a manageable level. We show that this problem can be solved using interpolation on Chebyshev grids, extending the methods we previously developed for ordinary single-parton distributions. Using an implementation of these methods in the C++ library ChiliPDF, we study for the first time the evolution of double parton distributions beyond leading order in perturbation theory.
Minisuperspace quantum cosmology in f(Q) gravity
Authors: Bajardi Francesco , Capozziello Salvatore
Published: June 2023

f(Q) symmetric-teleparallel gravity is considered in view of quantum cosmology. Specifically, we derive cosmological equations for f(Q) models and then investigate the related energy conditions. In the Minisuperspace formalism, the point-like f(Q) Hamiltonian is taken into account. In this framework, we obtain and solve the Wheeler–De Witt equation, thus finding the wave function of the universe in different cases. We show that the Hartle criterion can be applied and classical observable universes occur.
Local oscillator port embedded field enhancement resonator for Rydberg atomic heterodyne technique
Authors: Yang Kai , Mao Ruiqi , He Li , Yao Jiawei , Li Jianbing , Sun Zhanshan , Fu Yunqi
Published: June 2023

Rydberg atom-based sensors using the atomic heterodyne technique demonstrate prominent performance on sensing sensitivity and thus have significant potential for radar, electronic reconnaissance, and communication applications. Here, we propose a local oscillator (LO) embedded field enhancement resonator to improve the sensitivity and integration of Rydberg atomic heterodyne sensors. In this approach, a vapor cell filled with cesium atoms is placed into the resonance structure for electric (E) field measurements. By integrating parallel-plate waveguide (PPWG) antennas and the resonator, the LO signal can be directly guided to the resonator using coaxial cable instead of the use of external antennas radiating through free space, allowing for a more flexible and practical Rydberg atom-based heterodyne technique. Based on the off-resonant Rydberg atomic heterodyne approach, for a radio frequency (RF) signal at 638 MHz, it is found that the sensitivity is 43 μV/cm$\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$

Hz

in the absence of the resonator, while in the presence of our resonator, the sensitivity is down to 854.36 nV/cm$\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$

Hz

, indicating 50 times or 34 dB improvement capacity of the proposed resonator. This type of enhancement resonator is expected to benefit Rydberg atomic heterodyne applications in practical environments.
Optical birefringence measurements of antiferromagnets with Ising spin chains
Authors: Nishiwaki Yoichi
Published: June 2023

Optical birefringence measurements were performed on Ising-spin antiferromagnets with the chemical formula ACo[Formula: see text]. The temperature dependences of the birefringences of CsCoCl3 and CsCoBr3 reflect the thermal shrinkage of the crystal lattice and the development of magnetic short-range correlation in Ising spin chains. Moreover, the temperature dependences of the birefringences of RbCoBr3 and TlCoCl3 show marked anomalies at structural phase transition points. We demonstrate a method of numerically analyzing the birefringence in magnetic compounds that undergo structural phase transitions.
DFT study on the structural, electronic, optical, and electrical properties of CuO based on GGA+U and TB-mBJ approximations
Authors: Es-Smairi Adil , Fazoun Nejma , Maskar E. , Bziz Ibrahim , Ouhammou Ahmed , Atmani El Houssine , Laref A. , Al-Qaisi Samah , Rai D. P.
Published: June 2023

Using the Wien2k code based on Full Potential Linearized Augmented Plane Wave approach, the density functional theory was used to examine the structural and opto-electronic properties of CuO. The 4D-optimize option and the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE)-sol functional are used to optimize the structural parameters. Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) with PBE-scheme along with the screened Coulomb interaction [Formula: see text] and modified Becke–Johnson (GGA–TB-mBJ) potential was performed for the overall calculations. The computed band energies were taken as the key input to extract the transport properties with the help of the Boltzmann transport equation. In contrast to the gap energy provided by the [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]eV), it is demonstrated that the gap energy produced by the TB-mBJ is [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]eV, which is close to the experimental data. The optical characteristics show a high absorption coefficient in the ultraviolet region, an average transmittance of about 65% in the visible range, which covers a wide spectrum of light, and an average reflectance of about 18% in visible light. At low temperatures, the carrier mobility limits the CuO conductivity, whereas, at high temperatures, the carrier concentration dominates. CuO is a potential material for solar cell applications as an absorbent layer and antireflection coating due to these characteristics.
Effects of exchange coupling and external magnetic field on the magnetic characteristics of hexagonal boron nitride: A Monte Carlo study
Authors: Fadil Z. , Raorane Chaitany Jayprakash , Cahaya Adam B. , El Fdil R. , Karam Steve , Khan Aftab Aslam Parwaz , Vanaraj Ramkumar , Kim Seong Cheol
Published: June 2023

The paper presents a study on the magnetic characteristics of hexagonal boron nitride using Monte Carlo simulations through the Metropolis algorithm. The study used the Blume-Capel Ising model to analyze the behavior of magnetizations and susceptibilities under the effect of the temperature, mixed exchange coupling, crystalline and external magnetic fields. The results show that the blocking temperature, where the magnetic atoms become magnetically frozen, increases as the exchange coupling interaction becomes weaker and as the external magnetic field increases. The findings indicate that the blocking temperature of the system is significantly influenced by the physical parameters employed in this study. Besides, the investigation at hand could serve as a foundation for researchers to innovate novel categories of spintronics and magnetic memory devices, featuring enhanced performance and functionality.
Stimulated Raman scattering coupled with decay instability in a magnetized plasma with hot drifting electrons
Authors: Kamboj Oriza , Gupta Devki Nandan , Kant Niti
Published: June 2023

We examine the impact of the hot drifting electron on stimulated Raman backscattering, which is coupled to decay instability, in a magnetized plasma. Through parametric coupling, this produces a plasma wave that moves forward and an electromagnetic wave that shifts downward. The plasma wave produced by stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in this process decays into an ion-acoustic wave and a secondary, longer-wavelength Langmuir wave traveling opposite to the ion-acoustic wave. This energy diversion and attenuation of the primary Langmuir wave by drifting electrons limit the amplitude of SRS. In the presence of drifting electrons, the SRS is suppressed significantly and the plasma wave is attenuated resonantly at a higher rate.
KAC SegNet: A Novel Kernel-Based Active Contour Method for Lung Nodule Segmentation and Classification Using Dense AlexNet Framework
Authors: Dodia Shubham , Annappa B. , Mahesh Padukudru A.
Published: June 2023

Lung cancer is known to be one of the leading causes of death worldwide. There is a chance of increasing the survival rate of the patients if detected at an early stage. Computed Tomography (CT) scans are prominently used to detect and classify lung cancer nodules/tumors in the thoracic region. There is a need to develop an efficient and reliable computer-aided diagnosis model to detect lung cancer nodules accurately from CT scans. This work proposes a novel kernel-based active-contour (KAC) SegNet deep learning model to perform lung cancer nodule detection from CT scans. The active contour uses a snake method to detect internal and external boundaries of the curves, which is used to extract the Region Of Interest (ROI) from the CT scan. From the extracted ROI, the nodules are further classified into benign and malignant using a Dense AlexNet deep learning model. The key contributions of this work are the fusion of an edge detection method with a deep learning segmentation method which provides enhanced lung nodule segmentation performance, and an ensemble of state-of-the-art deep learning classifiers, which encashes the advantages of both DenseNet and AlexNet to learn better discriminative information from the detected lung nodules. The experimental outcome shows that the proposed segmentation approach achieves a Dice Score Coefficient of 97.8% and an Intersection-over-Union of 92.96%. The classification performance resulted in an accuracy of 95.65%, a False Positive Rate, and False Negative Rate values of 0.0572 and 0.0289. The proposed model is robust compared to the existing state-of-the-art methods.
Advances in efficacy enhancement of photosensitizer-mediated photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy
Authors: Isaiah Benard M. , Amuhaya Edith K. , Muhanji Clare I.
Published: June 2023

The fight against pathogenic microorganisms has in recent decades been met with fierce setbacks owing to the antimicrobial resistance phenomenon. Conventional antimicrobials have thus weakened in their effectiveness against microbes, calling for the development of innovative strategies to combat the emerging global health crisis. A promising therapy for filling this gap is photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy which destroys microorganisms by making use of the combined action of a photosensitizer, light, and oxygen. The modality inactivates a wide range of pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. Of greater interest in photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy is the ability to destroy resistant strains of microbes without encouraging selection for resistance genes, thus immensely contributing to the fight against antimicrobial resistance. Different PSs vary in their microbial inactivation efficacies. Therefore, various structural modification approaches are being adopted to improve their respective activities. In this paper, recent studies focusing on strategies employed to improve the effectiveness and efficacies of PSs used in photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy are reviewed.