bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermo-Physical Property Database of Fusion Materials and Thermo-Hydraulic Database of Breeder Blankets for CFETR
Authors: Ding Wen , Zhang Kui , Chen Ronghua , Tian Wenxi , Zhang Jing , Qiu Suizheng , Su G. H.
Published: April 2023

The Chinese Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) is a fusion engineering reactor independently designed and developed by China, and the design of the blanket is one of the key points during the design of CFETR. The configurations of CFETR, the detailed designs of the three types of blankets and typical blanket module, and the coolant flowing schemes in blanket module are introduced in paper. Besides, the work about Thermo-physical Property Database of Fusion Material and Thermo-hydraulic Database of Models established for the three types of blankets is presented. The fusion material involves Plasma Facing Materials (PFM), structural materials, coolant and breeding materials, and the peak temperature and the peak pressure in both steady-state and transient conditions are covered for property of materials. The thermo-hydraulic database includes the heat transfer models, the pressure drop models, and some special models for the fluid flow in blanket. In addition, the tests and verification for the database are performed, and the shortages and deficiencies of current database are analyzed.
Derivation of Activity Concentration Upper Limits for Low Level Solid Radioactive Waste
Authors: Liu Jianqin , Gao Chao , Zhang Li , Qin Xiang
Published: April 2023

The derivation method of activity concentration upper limits for low level radioactive waste is put forward. The activity concentration upper limits for low level solid radioactive waste will be ascertained, on the basis of safety assessment of near surface disposal. On the premise of basic safety requirements about radioactive waste near surface disposal, taking Yaotian disposal site and Feifengshan disposal site as the reference sites, the drilling water scenario, drilling scenario, post-drilling scenario, and housing scenario after the institutional control period when the disposal sites have been closed are considered. The radionuclide transfer process and exposure pathway of various scenarios are analyzed, the conceptual model and mathematical model of radionuclide transfer are established, and the effective dose to human from various scenarios is calculated. Assuming a linear relationship between the activity concentration and the dose, the activity concentration upper limits of various scenarios are then derived for each radionuclide that meet the appropriate dose criteria. The smallest upper limit is chosen, by the approximate integer principle, the magnitude of upper limit of each radionuclide for low level solid waste is then ascertained.
Research on Thermal-Hydraulic Model and Characteristics of Lead Cooled Traveling Wave Reactor
Authors: Zhang Yaoxiang , Zhang Xue , Yu Hongxing , Du Sijia
Published: April 2023

Traveling wave reactor (TWR) is an advanced nuclear power system, which can keep the total amount of fissionable nuclides constant during its lifetime through the transformation of fissionable nuclides in the reactor, so as to maintain the stability of the effective proliferation factor of the reactor core. As a coolant, lead has low neutron moderation ability and capture cross section. At the same time, it also has excellent thermal characteristics. Lead cooled traveling wave reactor is a reactor with high inherent safety and good application prospects. The research on reactor core mainly focuses on the physical calculation of the reactor, and the analysis of its thermal hydraulic model and characteristics is relatively scarce, which limits the design and safety analysis of the advanced reactor. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the thermal hydraulic model of lead cooled traveling wave reactor. In this paper, a thermal hydraulic model suitable for the core of lead cooled traveling wave reactor is proposed. Considering the axial particularity of heat release from the core of traveling wave reactor, the model considers the axial thermal conductivity of fuel rods ignored by other thermal hydraulic models. Due to the strong thermal conductivity of core coolant, the thermal model also considers the heat transfer of fuel assemblies and the flow distribution of core flow. The research shows that the thermal hydraulic model is suitable for the analysis of thermal hydraulic characteristics of lead cooled traveling wave reactor, the thermal hydraulic characteristics are studied by using the thermal hydraulic model.
Design and Application of γ-Ray Energy Spectrum Survey System Based on UAV
Authors: Li Jiangkun , Zhang Wei , Wu Xuliang , Wu Xue , Wei Bin , Wu Leichao , Li Yizhou , Wang Peijian
Published: April 2023

Airborne γ-ray energy spectrum measurement is an effective method for radioactive mineral investigation and radiation environment monitoring. In recent years, with the gradual maturity of Unmanaged air vehicle (hereinafter referred to as UAV) technology, UAV airborne geophysical survey technology is becoming a hot research field. But the UAV has less load and space and is difficult to carry traditional aeronautical geophysical equipment. The miniaturization, intelligentization and automation of airborne geophysical survey instruments are the key technologies of airborne geophysical survey for UAVs. The γ-ray energy spectrum measurement system is designed suitable for UAV platform with load in the range of 30–180 kg, at the same time, the data acquisition control and remote monitoring software is developed. The calibration of the system is completed on the Shijiazhuang airborne standard model and Huangbizhuang dynamic belt, and the calibration parameters are obtained, the resolution of the crystal is better than 8.5%, and the peak drift is better than ±1, the sampling frequency of energy spectrum data is 1 Hz. Based on SY-120H and CH-3 UAV platforms, test flights were carried out in Karamay, Xinjiang and Erlianhot, Inner Mongolia, respectively, to find out the distribution of radioactive field in the test area and quickly delineate the specific location and range of the radioactive anomaly. The test results show that: UAV aviation γ The results of K, U and Th content measured by energy spectrum are basically consistent with those measured on the ground, which can provide a fast and efficient exploration technology and equipment for radioactive mineral investigation and radiation environment monitoring.
Minor Actinides Transmutation in Thermal, Epithermal and Fast Molten Salt Reactors with Very Deep Burnup
Authors: Zou Chunyan , Yu Chenggang , Zhou Jun , Chen Shuning , Wu Jianhui , Zou Yang , Cai Xiangzhou , Chen Jingen
Published: April 2023

Deep burnup and high minor actinides (MA) loading are two alluring features for molten salt reactors (MSR) to incinerate the nuclear wastes. The transmutation capability of minor actinides in MSR is tightly related with the neutron spectrum, the loading of MA and the carrier salt compositions. In this work, three MSR core designs (thermal, epithermal and fast) and two types of salt compositions (Flibe and Flinak) with different solubility limits of transuranic elements are chosen for analyzing the transmutation capability of MA. With a significant mole fraction of MA loading (4% in the Flibe salt and 10% in the Flinak salt) and the continuous MA refueling, MSR acquires an excellent transmutation rate. The specific incineration rates of MA in the thermal, epithermal and fast MSR cores with the Flibe salt are about 167, 185 and 206 kg/GWth/y, respectively. With a larger loading of MA in the Flinak salt, a higher annual incineration rate of MA can be obtained, which are about 170, 206 and 247 kg/GWth/y in thermal, epithermal and fast MSRs, respectively. On the other hand, since there is a preferred neutron economy for the Flibe salt, a higher MA incineration ratio is achieved than that for the Flinak salt. When the neutron spectrum varies from the thermal to fast region, the MA incineration ratio ranges from 0.79 to 0.82 for the Flibe salt and it ranges from 0.75 to 0.81 for the Flinak salt. The transmutation capability of MA in MSR is much higher than that in solid-fueled reactors (~20 kg/GW.y in a PWR), which can provide a feasible way for reducing the current nuclear wastes.
Preliminary Multi-physics Coupled Simulation of Small Helium-Xenon Cooled Mobile Nuclear Reactor
Authors: Li Xiangyue , Liu Xiaojing , Chai Xiang , Zhang Tengfei
Published: April 2023

For the prediction of the internal physical process of SIMONS (Small Innovative helium-xenon cooled MObile Nuclear power Systems), this research created a coupled three-dimensional high-fidelity calculation platform of the neutronics/ thermo-elasticity analysis called FEMAS (FEM based Multi-physics Analysis Software for Nuclear Reactor). This platform allows for the multi-physics coupling calculations of neutron diffusion/ transport, thermal diffusion, and thermal elasticity. It is based on the open-source Monte Carlo code OpenMC and the open-source finite element codes Dealii and Fenics. In this paper, a simplified SIMONS reactor core is analyzed using the coupling platform. The results demonstrate that the coupling platform is capable of accurately predicting the effective multiplication factor change curve, power and temperature distribution, and thermal expansion phenomenon of SIMONS. With 240 kW of thermal power, the local temperature difference of the whole reactor is 390.1 K, and thermal stress-related deformation occurs at a rate of 2.4%. The reactivity feedback caused by the monolith’s heating and thermal expansion is 30.5 pcm. Leveraging the high-precision computing hardware, this platform can assess the core performance to ensure that the core design satisfies the design criteria of ultra-long life and inherent safety.
S3R Advanced Training Simulator Core Model: Implementation and Validation
Authors: Borkowski Jeffrey , Belblidia Lotfi , Tsaoi Oliver
Published: April 2023

Modern training simulators core models are required to replicate plant data for neutronic response. Replication is required such that reactivity manipulation on the simulator properly trains the operator for reactivity manipulation at the plant. This paper discusses advanced models which perform this function in real-time using S3R, the real-time, time-dependent core model of the Studsvik Core Management System (CMS). This paper also discusses the coupled multi-physics of the Reactor Coolant System (RCS) model, using RELAP5 as a prototype. Finally, this paper discusses the implementation of S3R under the control of a server-based executive environment and instructor station, essential for training simulator applications.
Analytical Method to Study the Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Containment for Floating Nuclear Power Plants Considering Wave Loads
Authors: Mu Shuo , Li Lijuan , Zhang Meng , Liu Hongbing , Qu Xianqiang
Published: April 2023

In floating nuclear power plant (FNPP), important equipment such as nuclear pressure vessel, pressure pipeline and pressurizer are installed in the containment, which is the last safety barrier of the reactor primary circuit of FNPP. The ultimate bearing capacity of containment is one of the important safety indexes of FNPP. In this study, considering the wave load, internal pressure load and their corresponding combination conditions in the sea area of FNPP, the overall finite element model of FNPP and the local finite element model of containment are established by using ANSYS software. The ultimate bearing capacity of containment structure is analyzed by nonlinear method. The ultimate internal pressure that the containment can bear is analyzed based on the wave load. Two methods are used to analyze the ultimate internal pressure that the containment can withstand. One is direct analysis method to directly carry out nonlinear analysis of the whole ship model. The other, called indirect analysis method, first makes a linear analysis of the whole ship model to calculate the input load transmitted from the marine environment to the containment through the containment support, and then uses the nonlinear method to analyze the ultimate internal pressure that the containment can withstand. The analysis results of the above two methods show that the ultimate bearing capacity of the containment is basically consistent, while the efficiency of the indirect analysis method is higher. In addition, the ultimate bearing capacity of the containment is far beyond the design requirements considering the wave load.
Experimental Study on the Intrusion/Erosion Behavior of GMZ Bentonite Considering Fracture Aperture Effects
Authors: Xu Libo , Ye Weimin , Wang Qiong , Luo Hewen
Published: April 2023

Intrusion/erosion will cause mass loss of bentonite, resulting in endangering the operation safety of the repository for disposal of high-level radioactive waste. In this work, intrusion/erosion tests were conducted on GMZ bentonite specimens with a fracture aperture of 0.1, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 mm, as well as a duration of 60 days. Images were regularly captured with a digital camera. The intrusion distance and width of accessory-mineral ring were obtained. The erosion rate was determined by a turbidimeter. Meanwhile, parallel tests with a fracture aperture of 0.5 and 1.0 mm were repeated with a duration of 5, 15 and 30 days. After tests stopped, dry weight of specimens was measured. Results show that the intrusion distance increased with increasing fracture apertures, resulting in the increase of accessory-mineral-ring width, which will in turn restrict intrusion and erosion. Actually, the erosion rate in the early period decreased obviously with increasing accessory-mineral-ring widths, due to its filtration effects. However, when erosion reached stabilization, the erosion rate increased with increasing fracture apertures and intrusion distances but not independent of the accessory-mineral ring. The majority part of specimen mass loss ratio in the early period was from intrusion. But when intrusion reached stabilization, the mass loss ratio of specimen will be mainly contributed by erosion and would keep on increasing. Moreover, the mass loss ratios of specimens after 60 days by intrusion and erosion both increased with increasing fracture apertures. Meanwhile, the difference between the mass loss ratio by intrusion and erosion increased with increasing fracture apertures.
Research on Ultra High Flux Research Reactor
Authors: Zhang Xue , Yu Hongxing , Xia Bangyang , Li Wenjie , Zhang Xilin
Published: April 2023

The lack of fast neutron irradiation test equipment is a key practical factor that restricts the development of the new generation nuclear energy technology with fast reactor as the core in China. Scarce isotopes such as californium 242, which are urgently needed in industry and medicine, are also highly dependent on imports. In order to provide a fast reactor material irradiation environment and isotope production environment, significantly accelerate the development of fast reactor fuel and structural material technology, and improve the efficiency of rare isotope production, this paper proposes a multifunctional inherently safe ultra-high flux reactor design with fast/thermal neutron flux levels up to 1016 n/(cm2.s), namely UFR-1016. The neutron energy spectrum covers fast spectrum, superheat spectrum and thermal spectrum; several material irradiation test orifices, isotope production orifices and test loop orifices are arranged in the core, and the test loop supports many new reactor coolants such as H2O, Na, He, He-Xr, molten salt, etc., and supports the simulation of typical transient processes and accident conditions. This paper discusses the overall construction scheme of the reactor, and the current construction scheme shows that each performance index can meet the target requirements and achieve the expected functions while ensuring the safety performance of the reactor. This study can provide a basis for the development of ultra-high flux reactors and provide strong support for the cause of nuclear energy, nuclear technology, and nuclear medicine in China.
Multi-physics Coupling Analyses of Nuclear Thermal Propulsion Reactor
Authors: Han Wenbin , Guan Zechuan , Huang Shanfang , Deng Jian
Published: April 2023

Nuclear thermal propulsion (NTP) reactors have high-temperature solid-state characteristics and significant thermal expansion, which therefore require multi-physics coupling analyses. In this paper, the framework of Neutronics, Thermal-Hydraulics and Mechanics coupling (N/T-H/M) of nuclear thermal propulsion reactor is developed, and the typical reactor XE-2 is analyzed with this method. The results show that the N/T-H/M coupling will bring -1049 pcm negative reactivity, of which the thermal expansion effect accounts for 22%, indicating that the nuclear thermal propulsion reactor has a certain capacity for self-regulation. However, thermal expansion will lead to 0.88 mm peak deformation and 233 MPa peak stress, which will severely threaten the mechanical tolerance of the materials. Therefore, there is a trade-off between the advantages and disadvantages of the high-temperature solid-state core while designing NTP reactors.
Fatigue Analysis Method of Steel Containment of Floating Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Liu Mingxuan , Fan Xinyang , Song Danrong , Zheng Bin , Zhang Meng
Published: April 2023

Floating nuclear power plant (FNPP) is a movable nuclear power plant built on the floating platform, which can provide clean and stable power for remote coastal areas, and are currently a hot research topic in the field of nuclear power. The steel containment is located in the reactor compartment of the FNPP and it is an important safety guarantee structure. Fatigue and fracture have been an important issue for ship and offshore structures for a long time. Fatigue failure of containment will have serious consequences.

In order to research the fatigue life analysis method of steel containment of the first FNPP in China, the paper adopts miner linear cumulative damage theory and spectral analysis method, based on the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) standards and relevant standards of China Classification Society (CCS), and uses AQWA to analyze Wave load of FNPP. The hydrodynamic calculation results are imported into finite element model to analyze the structural response of each point of containment, and calibrate the transfer function data of each key point by using the linear system theory and regular wave periodic evaluation method. The fatigue analysis of each point is carried out according to the transfer function and the wave dispersion diagram drawn by the forty years monitoring sea conditions of the working sea area of the FNPP. The result shows that the fatigue life of steel containment is superior and meets the service requirements.
The Design of the Robust Controller for Active Magnetic Bearings on Active Disturbance Rejection Technology
Authors: Shi Qian , Yao Yichen , Yu Suyuan
Published: April 2023

Active magnetic bearings (AMBs) have advantages of no friction, no lubrication or sealing requirements, long lifespan, low maintenance cost, and, especially, active controllability of dynamic characteristics. Thus, AMBs are now widely used in helium-turbine circle of the high temperature gas-cooled reactor and many other high-speed rotating machinery. The design of controller is the core problem of AMBs. The AMB force has high nonlinearity and the AMBs-rotor system may be influenced by external disturbance during operation, which increase the threshold of the controller robustness and make it hard to design. Based on the AMB-rigid rotor system model, this paper adopts lumped uncertainties to describe nonlinear error and external load disturbance and then the plant model of the decentralized controller is obtained. Then, a linear active disturbance rejection controller (LADRC) is designed to compensate the model error. The LADRC contains a proportional-differential controller and a three-order external state observer. The adjustable parameters of the LADRC can be selected according to pole assignment. In order to verify the effectiveness of the LADRC, levitation experiments, rotation experiments, and re-levitation experiments are carried out with traditional PID controller as comparison.
Minimally invasive bilateral fixed angle locking fixation of the dorsal pelvic ring: clinical proof of concept and preliminary treatment results
Authors: Marintschev Ivan , Hofmann Gunther O.
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Dorsal pelvic ring fractures may result from high energy trauma in younger patients or from osteoporosis as fragility fractures in elderly patients. To date, no strong consensus exists on the best surgical technique to treat posterior pelvic ring injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical performance of a new implant for angle-stable fixation of the posterior pelvic ring and patient outcome.

Methods

In a prospective pilot study, 27 patients (age: 39–87 years) with posterior pelvic ring fractures classified according to the AO classification (n = 5) or to the fragility fractures of the pelvis (FFP) classification (n = 22) were treated using the new implant. During a follow-up period of 1 year, surgical parameters of the implantation technique, complication rate, morbidity, mortality, preservation of patient mobility, and social independence were evaluated.

Results

No implant misplacement or failure was observed. Two patients developed symptomatic spinal canal stenosis at L4/L5 following mobilization. MRI diagnosis proved the implant was not responsible for the symptoms. In one case, an additional plate stabilization of a pubic ramus fracture was necessary 6 months later. There was no inpatient mortality. One patient died due to her underlying oncological disease within the first 3 months. The main outcome parameters were pain, mobility, preservation of independent living and employment.

Conclusion

Operative instrumentation of dorsal pelvic ring fractures should be stable enough to allow for immediate weight bearing. The new locking nail implant offers percutaneous reduction and fixation options and may decrease the generally observed rate of complications.

Trail registration

German Clinical Trials Register ID: DRKS00023797, date of registration: 07.12.2020.
Surgical Treatment at an Academic Medical Center is Associated with Statistically Insignificant Lung Cancer Survival Outcome Differences Related to ZIP Code
Authors: Wish Jack , Villena‐Vargas Jonathan , Harrison Sebron , Lee Ben , Chow Oliver , Port Jeffrey , Altorki Nasser , Stiles Brendon M.
Published: April 2023

Background

Low socioeconomic status is a well‐characterized adverse prognostic factor in large lung cancer databases. However, such characterizations may be confounded as patients of lower socioeconomic status are more often treated at low‐volume, non‐academic centers. We evaluated whether socioeconomic status, as defined by ZIP code median income, was associated with differences in lung cancer resection outcomes within a high‐volume academic medical center.

Methods

Consecutive patients undergoing resection for non‐small cell lung cancer were identified from a prospectively maintained database (2011–18). Patients were assigned an income value based on the median income of their ZIP code as determined by census‐based geographic data. We stratified the population into income quintiles representative of SES and compared demographics (chi‐square), surgical outcomes, and survival (Kaplan–Meier).

Results

We identified 1,693 patients, representing 516 ZIP codes. Income quintiles were Q1: $24,421–53,151; Q2:$53,152–73,982; Q3:$73,983–99,063; Q4:$99,064–123,842; and Q5:$123,843–250,001. Compared to Q5 patients, Q1 patients were younger (median 69 vs. 73, p < 0.001), more likely male (44 vs. 36%, p = 0.035), and more likely Asian, Black, or self‐identified as other than white, Asian, or Black. (67 vs. 11%, p =  < 0.001). We found minor differences in surgical outcomes and no significant difference in 5‐year survival between Q1 and Q5 patients (5‐year: 86 vs. 85%, p = 0.886).

Conclusions

Surgical care patterns at a high‐volume academic medical center are similar among patients from varying ZIP codes. Surgical treatment at such a center is associated with no survival differences based upon socioeconomic status as determined by ZIP code. Centralization of lung cancer surgical care to high‐volume centers may reduce socioeconomic outcome disparities.
Anti-CD20 antibodies and bendamustine attenuate humoral immunity to COVID-19 vaccination in patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Ishio Takashi , Tsukamoto Shihori , Yokoyama Emi , Izumiyama Koh , Saito Makoto , Muraki Haruna , Kobayashi Mirei , Mori Akio , Morioka Masanobu , Kondo Takeshi
Published: April 2023

Serologic responses of COVID-19 vaccine are impaired in patients with B-cell lymphoma, especially those who had recently been treated with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies. However, it is still unclear whether those patients develop an immune response following vaccination. We investigated the efficacy of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in 171 patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) who received two doses of an mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine and we compared the efficacy of vaccination to that in 166 healthy controls. Antibody titers were measured 3 months after administration of the second vaccine dose. Patients with B-NHL showed a significantly lower seroconversion rate and a lower median antibody titer than those in healthy controls. The antibody titers showed correlations with the period from the last anti-CD20 antibody treatment to vaccination, the period from the last bendamustine treatment to vaccination and serum IgM level. The serologic response rates and median antibody titers were significantly different between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients in whom anti-CD20 antibody treatment was completed within 9 months before vaccination and follicular lymphoma (FL) patients in whom anti-CD20 antibody treatment was completed within 15 months before vaccination. Moreover, the serologic response rates and median antibody titers were significantly different among FL patients in whom bendamustine treatment was completed within 33 months before vaccination. We demonstrated that B-NHL patients who were recently treated with anti-CD20 antibodies and bendamustine had a diminished humoral response to COVID-19 vaccination. UMIN 000,045,267.
Differences in the post-stroke innate immune response between young and old
Authors: Gallizioli Mattia , Arbaizar-Rovirosa Maria , Brea David , Planas Anna M.
Published: April 2023

Aging is associated to progressive changes impairing fundamental cellular and tissue functions, and the relationships amongst them through the vascular and immune systems. Aging factors are key to understanding the pathophysiology of stroke since they increase its risk and worsen its functional outcome. Most currently recognised hallmarks of aging are also involved in the cerebral responses to stroke. Notably, age-associated chronic low-grade inflammation is related to innate immune responses highlighted by induction of type-I interferon. The interferon program is prominent in microglia where it interrelates cell damage, danger signals, and phagocytosis with immunometabolic disturbances and inflammation. Microglia engulfment of damaged myelin and cell debris may overwhelm the cellular capacity for waste removal inducing intracellular lipid accumulation. Acute inflammation and interferon-stimulated gene expression are also typical features of acute stroke, where danger signal recognition by microglia trigger immunometabolic alterations underscored by lipid droplet biogenesis. Aging reduces the capacity to control these responses causing increased and persistent inflammation, metabolic dysregulation, and impaired cellular waste disposal. In turn, chronic peripheral inflammation during aging induces immunosenescence further worsening stroke-induced immunodepression, thus increasing the risk of post-stroke infection. Aging also alters gut microbiota composition inducing dysbiosis. These changes are enhanced by age-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis and type-II diabetes, that further promote vascular aging, predispose to stroke, and exacerbate brain inflammation after stroke. Current advances in aging research suggest that some age-associated alterations may be reversed. Future work will unravel whether such evolving anti-aging research may enable designing strategies to improve stroke outcome in the elderly.
Offshore wave climate of the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Smith Courtney , Vila-Concejo Ana , Salles Tristan
Published: April 2023

The Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is the largest coral reef system on earth, with ecological and scientific importance for the world and economic and iconic value for Australia. However, the characterisation of its offshore wave climate remains challenging because of its remoteness and large dimensions. Here, we present a detailed analysis of the offshore wave climate of the GBR, unveiling the details of both modal conditions and extreme events. We used a calibrated satellite radar altimeter dataset (spanning from 1985 to 2018) to quantify wave climate, assess the influence of climate drivers, and analyse the wave conditions generated by tropical cyclones at three main regions of the GBR (northern, central, and southern). Our results indicate average significant wave heights of 1.6 m, 1.5 m, and 1.7 m for the northern, central, and southern GBR, respectively. The modal wave climate exhibits substantial seasonality, particularly in the northern region with dry season wave heights up to twofold larger than during wet season. The northern and central wave climates show decreasing wave height and wave energy trends over the last 33 yrs, whilst the southern region remains stable. Consistent with prior studies, we found that the wave climate in the southern region is modulated by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation and the southern annular mode, with influence additionally extending to the central region. Analysis of the extreme waves generated by tropical cyclones revealed they generate large, long period waves, frequently above 7 m, resulting in wave power up to 32-fold higher than median conditions.
Dietary supplements and vascular function in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
Authors: Man Andy W C , Zhou Yawen , Xia Ning , Li Huige
Published: April 2023

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are complications that can lead to maternal and infant mortality and morbidity. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are generally defined as hypertension and may be accompanied by other end organ damages including proteinuria, maternal organ disturbances including renal insufficiency, neurological complications, thrombocytopenia, impaired liver function, or uteroplacental dysfunction such as fetal growth restriction and stillbirth. Although the causes of these hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are multifactorial and elusive, they seem to share some common vascular-related mechanisms, including diseased spiral arteries, placental ischemia, and endothelial dysfunction. Recently, preeclampsia is being considered as a vascular disorder. Unfortunately, due to the complex etiology of preeclampsia and safety concerns on drug usage during pregnancy, there is still no effective pharmacological treatments available for preeclampsia yet. An emerging area of interest in this research field is the potential beneficial effects of dietary intervention on reducing the risk of preeclampsia. Recent studies have been focused on the association between deficiencies or excesses of some nutrients and complications during pregnancy, fetal growth and development, and later risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in the offspring. In this review, we discuss the involvement of placental vascular dysfunction in preeclampsia. We summarize the current understanding of the association between abnormal placentation and preeclampsia in a vascular perspective. Finally, we evaluate several studied dietary supplementations to prevent and reduce the risk of preeclampsia, targeting placental vascular development and function, leading to improved pregnancy and postnatal outcomes.
Comparison between pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block with lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block and supra-inguinal fascia iliaca compartment block (S-FICB) for total hip arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Liang Ludan , Zhang Can , Dai Wei , He Kaihua
Published: April 2023

Purpose

To assess the efficacy of pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block combined with lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) block in controlling postoperative pain and promoting recovery of lower extremity after total hip arthroplasty (THA), and to compare its effectiveness with supra-inguinal fascia iliaca compartment block (S-FICB).

Materials and methods

92 patients undergoing THA with general anesthesia were randomly allocated to receive either a PENG with LFCN block (n = 46) using 30 ml 0.33% ropivacaine (20 ml for PENG block, 10 ml for LFCN block), or an S-FICB (n = 46) using 30 ml 0.33% ropivacaine. The primary outcome was the time to first postoperative walk. The secondary outcomes included intraoperative remifentanil consumption, postoperative hip flexion degree and muscle strength of the operative lower limbs in the supine position, pain scores (static and dynamic), rescue analgesia, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and nerve block-related complications.

Results

The combination of PENG with LFCN blocks resulted in an earlier first postoperative walking time (19.6 ± 9.6 h vs 26.5 ± 8.2 h, P < 0.01), greater postoperative hip flexion degree at 6 h, 24 h and 48 h (all P < 0.01), and higher muscle strength of the operative lower limbs at 6 h after surgery (P = 0.03) compared to S-FICB. The difference in pain scores (static and dynamic) was only statistically significant at 48 h (P < 0.05). There were no differences in the other outcomes.

Conclusions

PENG with LFCN blocks is more effective than S-FICB in shortening the time to first postoperative walk and preservation hip motion after THA, which makes it a suitable addition to enhanced recovery programs following surgery.
Significance of clinical symptoms and red flags in early differential diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease and atypical Parkinsonian syndromes
Authors: Schröter Nils , van Eimeren Thilo , Classen Joseph , Levin Johannes , Redecker Christoph , Wolz Martin , Tönges Lars
Published: April 2023

The clinical presentation of Parkinson’s disease and atypical Parkinsonian syndromes is often heterogeneous. Additional diagnostic procedures including brain imaging and biomarker analyses can help to appreciate the various syndromes, but a precise clinical evaluation and differentiation is always necessary. To better assess the relevance of distinct clinical symptoms that arose within 1 year of disease manifestation and evaluate their indicative potential for an atypical Parkinsonian syndrome, we conducted a modified Delphi panel with seven movement disorder specialists. Five different topics with several clinical symptom items were discussed and consensus criteria were tested. This resulted in distinct symptom patterns for each atypical Parkinsonian syndrome showing the multitude of clinical involvement in each neurodegenerative disease. Strongly discriminating clinical signs were few and levels of indication were variable. A prospective validation of the assessments made is needed. This demonstrates that both clinical evaluation and elaborate additional diagnostic procedures are needed to achieve a high diagnostic standard.
Predictability of intraoral scanner error for full-arch implant-supported rehabilitation
Authors: Zingari Francesco , Meglioli Matteo , Gallo Francesco , Macaluso Guido Maria , Tagliaferri Sara , Toffoli Andrea , Ghezzi Benedetta , Lumetti Simone
Published: April 2023

Objectives

The present study aimed to analyze the behaviors of three intraoral scanners (IOSs): evaluating the interdistance and axial inclination discrepancies in full-arch scans, predictable errors were searched.

Materials and methods

Six edentulous sample models with variable numbers of dental implants were used; reference data were obtained with a coordinate-measuring machine (CMM). Each IOS (i.e., Primescan, CS3600, and Trios3) performed 10 scans per model (180 total scans). The origin of each scan body was used as a reference point to measure interdistance lengths and axial inclinations. Precision and trueness of interdistance measurements and axial inclinations were evaluated to address error predictability. Bland–Altman analysis, followed by linear regression analysis and Friedman’s test (plus Dunn’s post hoc correction), was performed to evaluate the precision and trueness.

Results

Regarding interdistance, Primescan showed the best precision (mean ± SD: 0.047 ± 0.020 mm), while Trios3 underestimated the reference value more than the others (p < 0.001) and had the worst performance (mean ± SD: −0.079 ± 0.048 mm).

Concerning the inclination angle, Primescan and Trios3 tended to overestimate angle values, while CS3600 underestimated them. Primescan had fewer inclination angle outliers, but it tended to add 0.4–0.6° to the measurements.

Conclusions

IOSs showed predictable errors: they tended to overestimate or underestimate linear measurements and axial inclinations of scan bodies, one added 0.4–0.6° to the angle inclination values. In particular, they showed heteroscedasticity, a behavior probably related to the software or the device itself.

Clinical significance

IOSs showed predictable errors that could affect clinical success. When performing a scan or choosing a scanner, clinicians should clearly know their behaviors.
Mycorrhiza Better Predict Soil Fungal Community Composition and Function than Aboveground Traits in Temperate Forest Ecosystems
Authors: Fitch Amelia A. , Lang Ashley K. , Whalen Emily D. , Helmers Eliza M. , Goldsmith Sarah G. , Hicks Pries Caitlin
Published: April 2023

Forests in the northeastern US are experiencing shifts in community composition due to the northward migration of warm-adapted tree species and certain species’ declines (for example, white ash and eastern hemlock) due to invasive insects. Changes in belowground fungal communities and associated functions will inevitably follow. Therefore, we sought to investigate the relative importance of two important tree characteristics—mycorrhizal type [ectomycorrhizal (EcM) or arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM)] and leaf habit (deciduous or evergreen) on soil fungal community composition and organic matter cycling. We sampled soil in the organic and mineral horizons beneath two AM-associated (Fraxinus americana and Thuja occidentalis) and two ECM-associated tree species (Betula alleghaniensis and Tsuga canadensis), with an evergreen and deciduous species in each mycorrhizal group. To characterize fungal communities and organic matter decomposition beneath each tree species, we sequenced the ITS1 region of fungal DNA and measured the potential activity of carbon- and nitrogen-targeting extracellular enzymes. Each tree species harbored distinct fungal communities, supporting the need to consider both mycorrhizal type and leaf habit. However, between tree characteristics, mycorrhizal type better predicted fungal communities. Across fungal guilds, saprotrophic fungi were the most important group in shaping fungal community differences in soils beneath all tree species. The effect of leaf habit on carbon- and nitrogen-targeting hydrolytic enzymes depended on tree mycorrhizal association in the organic horizon, while oxidative enzyme activities were higher beneath EcM-associated trees across both soil horizons and leaf habits.
Online enquiries and health concerns – a survey of German general practitioners regarding experiences and strategies in patient care
Authors: Wangler Julian , Jansky Michael
Published: April 2023

Aim

Increasingly at GP practices, patients appear who are extremely worried as a result of health information researched online and consequently affected by doubts and concerns. The study highlights GP attitudes and experiences with regard to this patient group. Moreover, it identifies strategies adopted by GPs to respond appropriately to worried or scared patients.

Subject and methods

In the German federal states of Baden-Württemberg, Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland, 2532 GPs were surveyed between June and August 2022. Owing to the explorative nature of the study, a descriptive analysis was conducted.

Results

Of the total respondents, 77% deemed the current problem of internet-related health concerns to be a major challenge in everyday practice. The implications affect patients’ mental stability and expectations towards the doctor (esp. demand for further instrumental diagnosis, 83%). One doctor in five (20%) has experienced the termination of patient contact because the relationship with the patient was no longer possible due to the patient’s uncontrolled online information behaviour. To respond to worried or scared patients, the respondents generally ask certain patient groups about online research (39%) and take this into account in the doctor–patient discussion (23%). Furthermore, the respondents use a detailed explanation of the diagnosis and/or treatment (65%) and recommend websites that they consider reputable (66%). Some of the doctors prefer a joint examination of the information researched by the patient (55%) as well as to explain the benefits and risks of online research (43%).

Conclusion

Many GPs demonstrate a high level of awareness and sensitivity with regard to extensive online research and potentially worried patients. It seems advisable to actively address the online search for information in the patient consultation to prevent possible negative effects on the doctor–patient relationship and to actively involve the patient. In this respect, it would also be worth considering expanding the medical history to include the dimension of online searching.
The GLVC scoring system: a single-center model for predicting survival and hospitalization in patients with heart failure
Authors: Chuda-Wietczak Anna , Sakowicz Agata , Tycinska Agnieszka , Bytyci Ibadete , Bielecka-Dabrowa Agata
Published: April 2023

Background

Heart failure (HF) is the only cardiovascular disease with an ever-increasing incidence.

Aims

The aim of this study was to assess the predictors of adverse clinical events (CE) and the creation and evaluation of the prognostic value of a novel personalized scoring system in patients with HF.

Methods

The study included 113 HF patients (median age 64 years (IQR 58–69); 57.52% male). The new novel prognostic score named GLVC (G, global longitudinal peak strain (GLPS); L, left ventricular diastolic diameter (LVDD); V, oxygen pulse (VO2/HR); and C, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)) was created. The Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test were used to compare the CE.

Results

Results from final analyses showed that low GLPS (< 13.9%, OR = 2.66, 95% CI = 1.01–4.30, p = 0.002), high LVDD (> 56 mm, OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.01–5.55, p = 0.045), low oxygen pulse (< 10, OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.17–6.70, p = 0.019), and high hs-CRP (> 2.38 µg/ml, OR = 2.93, 95% CI = 1.31–6.54, p = 0.007) were independent prognostic factors for adverse CE in HF population. All the patients were stratified into a low-risk or high-risk group according to a novel “GLVC” scoring system. The Kaplan–Meier analyses demonstrated that patients in the high-risk group were more predisposed to having higher adverse clinical events compared to patients in the low-risk group.

Conclusions

A novel and comprehensive personalized “GLVC” scoring system is an easily available and effective tool for predicting the adverse outcomes in HF.

Graphical abstract
Diagnostics and Prevention of Occupational Allergy in Hairdressers
Authors: Uter Wolfgang , Johansen Jeanne D. , Macan Jelena , Symanzik Cara , John Swen M.
Published: April 2023

Purpose of Review

This study aims to provide an overview on current knowledge on occupational allergic diseases in hairdressers and up-to-date perspectives of prevention.

Recent Findings

Hand eczema (dermatitis) is common in hairdressers, often caused by contact allergy to one or multiple small molecules (haptens) used, e.g., for dyeing, bleaching, and waving/relaxing or by ancillary substances such as preservatives. Hairdressers, compared to other patch-tested patients, have an up to fivefold increased risk to be found sensitized, e.g., againstp-phenylenediamine, ammonium persulfate, and glyceryl thioglycolate. Some of these small molecules may induce respiratory sensitization causing allergic rhinitis and/or asthma, notably persulfate salts.

Occupational hazards in hairdressing are well described. This knowledge needs to be put into use for risk reduction, mainly by substitution of allergenic ingredients by less allergenic ones, education, and use of ventilation and suitable single-use gloves.
Lichtenberg figures—morphological findings
Authors: Byard Roger W.
Published: April 2023

Following a witnessed lethal lightning strike of an adult male who was standing outside in a storm, numerous Lichtenberg figures were identified upon external examination of the body. Sectioning across multiple areas of linear erythema in the figures showed no subcutaneous hemorrhage. This was later confirmed on histology which showed only subtle dermal capillary dilatation with no interstitial hemorrhage or inflammation in these areas. The only areas of interstitial hemorrhage were present in adjacent scattered punctate burns from arcing. The documented resolution of Lichtenberg figures within hours would be more in keeping with temporary functional capillary dilatation, shown in this case, rather than with tissue alteration by interstitial hemorrhage or inflammation.
Developmental trajectories of aggression, hyperactivity/inattention, and anxious depressed mood: co-occurring problems within a chilean context
Authors: Morales María Francisca , MacBeth Angus , Nagin Daniel , Girard Lisa-Christine
Published: April 2023

The current study examined multi-trajectories of aggression, hyperactivity/inattention and anxious/depressed problems, along with associated risk factors for trajectory group membership, using a person-centred approach. The sample included 2,857 children (50.1% males) enrolled in the Chilean Encuesta Longitudinal de la Primera Infancia cohort. Maternal reports using the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) were completed when children were three, five and eleven years old. Information on risk/protective factors was collected using maternal reports and standardised assessments when children were aged three. Group-based multi-trajectory analysis was implemented. Results indicated that a five-group model best fit the data, with co-occurring symptoms across domains for all groups. Risk factors for membership of groups with the most elevated risk profiles included child sex, maternal age, single parent status, and maternal education, whilst children’s receptive language, maternal vocabulary skills, and not having early attendance in the educational system emerged as protective factors. These identified risk factors may be important targets for future intervention programmes in the Chilean context.