bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apostolatul creștin și social în perioada arhipăstoririi patriarhului Iustin Moisescu
Authors: Soare Ovidiu
Published: February 2021

The study highlights the main internal and external directions for the promotion and execution of the Christian and Social Apostolate, which Patriarch Iustin was concerned about, notably the ones presented in 1977, his first year of being patriarch. It was a very eventful year, with many events carrying a strong spiritual and social burden. We mention here the passing away of Patriarch Justinian and then earthquake of March 4 – two events that happened within a few weeks of each other. There are two additional events: the enthronement of the Iustin, archbishop of Moldova and Suceava as the patriarch of the Romanian Orthodox Church, and the Centenary of Independence 1877-1977. All these events were coordinated with wisdom and balance by Patriarch Iustin. He always showed through his actions that good understanding, faith, sacrifice, the love of nation and country, pace and brotherly love are the main guidelines of realising a true Christian and Social Apostolate in the Romanian Orthodox Church.
Folclor și identitate
Authors: Ispas Sabina
Published: February 2021

The folklore phenomenon (the deep, oral, popular, traditional culture) is represented by all the creations of a community that is based on tradition, are expressed by a group of individuals and recognized as reflections of its expectations to the extent that it represents its social and cultural identity. This is, in fact, a sum of local, village and city identities in which “individual identities” are incorporated. Through it, the fusion between territory, language and people is obtained, which is legitimized “through a genealogy and a space conceptualized as such”. We belong to a world in which access to information is open to all. In this context, in order to find yourself, you must define and assume your own identity. Such a complicated and responsible process cannot be undertaken without reference to the traditional system of norms, expressed in that large segment of the culture that is folklore. A Europe of nations cannot be achieved without knowing and understanding the system of values to which they have appealed throughout the entire period of their definition. Folklore is a fundamental landmark for the man of the post-industrial society who is in search of the self. Along with the scholarly culture, to which it is complementary, folklore contributes to the realization of the universal, European, national heritage. Forms of expression of folklore, musical, literary or choreic texts, ritual practices, beliefs, the dominant religion of the group, etc. cooperates for the purpose of forming this identity. The standards and values are transmitted orally, by imitation or other means. Folklore includes, inter alia, phenomena of language, literature, music, dance, games, mythology, rituals, customs, crafts, architecture and other arts. The present study highlights, synthetically and systematically, the main traditions created and developed over time by the Romanian people, traditions that define it and give it a specific identity.
ON THE ISSUE OF METHODOLOGICAL BASES OF RESEARCH OF APPROACHES TO THE PROBLEMS OF LOCAL CIVILIZATIONS
Authors: НИКОЛЕНКО А.А. , ТУШКОВ А.А.
Published: February 2021

Данная статья продолжает цикл статей авторов, посвященных актуальной теме – анализу научных подходов к исследованию цивилизаций. Задача авторов сформулировать основные отличия концепций, точки соприкосновения, а также предложить альтернативную классификацию для исторических парадигм. Предложенный ранее авторами цикл статей ставит задачей провести анализ основных методологических подходов исследования цивилизаций. В данной статье авторами рассматриваются структурно-разработанные подходы в таких рамках, как западно-скептические, культурологические, биологические или естественные, а также упаднические подходы.
NEW MEDIA AS A TOOL OF INFLUENCE POLITICAL PROCESSES IN MODERN RUSSIAN SOCIETY
Authors: АРТЕМЬЕВ А.А. , ПЫХТИН С.Н.
Published: February 2021

Важным элементом политического процесса является информационно-коммуникационная деятельность субъектов политики.
В современном обществе новые медиа (4) являются инструментами формирования политических процессов и средствами влияния на политическое сознание социума. Политическая практика показывает, что новые медиа становятся важными инструментами политической борьбы, их активно используют различные политические силы. Признание новых медиа субъектами политических процессов в современном российском обществе не вызывает сомнений.
SHENZHEN MSU-BIT UNIVERSITY AS A PART OF THE PRC MIGRATION POLICY
Authors: БАЛДАНОВА Р.А.
Published: February 2021

В данной работе автор предлагает новый подход к анализу гуманитарных проектов КНР, который позволяет на примере Совместного университета «МГУ-ППИ в Шэнчьжэне» утверждать, что Китай таким образом реализует одну из главных задач миграционной политики, а именно, привлечение высококлассных специалистов, обмен образовательными программами и технологиями с целью подготовки высококлассных специалистов в КНР. Проделанное исследование подтверждает, что высшее образование как основа стратегического развития КНР имеет большое значение, важной составляющей по реализации комплекса мер, направленных на развитие государства, выступает миграционная политика.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AS AN INSTRUMENT OF «SOFT POWER»
Authors: ЕРЕМИНА Я.В.
Published: February 2021

В современном мире меняются принципы влияния государств друг на друга, на первый план выходят инструменты «мягкой силы», действующие за счет создания привлекательного образа страны и ее политики. СМИ и социальные сети являются одними из основных инструментов «мягкой силы». В статье рассматриваются эти инструменты и то, как они используются в качестве механизмов влияния.
ANTI-CORRUPTION COUNTERACTION IN CHINA: HISTORY AND MODERNITY
Authors: ГАО Д.
Published: February 2021

Коррупция – глобальная проблема современности, которая в разной степени существует во всех странах мира и представляет большой исследовательский интерес в качестве объекта. Данное негативное явление влияет на все сферы жизнедеятельности общества. Предметом нашего исследования является антикоррупционная политика в КНР. Комплекс антикоррупционных мер рассматривается в различные исторические периоды развития Китая, что позволяет определить основные принципы борьбы и конкретные организационные и профилактические мероприятия и механизмы противодействия явлению коррупции.
SOUTH AFRICA AND THE UN: ASPECTS OF INTERACTION
Authors: АГОННУДЕ Б.В.Ф.
Published: February 2021

В статье рассматриваются основные направления взаимодействия Южной Африки с Организацией Объединенных Наций. Автор анализирует международную миротворческую деятельность ЮАР с 1998 года, то есть с момента утверждения кабинетом министров «Белой книги об участии Южной Африки в международных миротворческих миссиях». Особое внимание уделяется южноафриканской работе в рамках непостоянного членства страны в Совете Безопасности ООН.
RELATIONS BETWEEN BURKINA FASO AND TAIWAN BETWEEN 2000 AND 2018
Authors: ВАНГРАУА С.Р.С. , ЕГЕЗИ Б.Ч.
Published: February 2021

Настоящая статья посвящена отношениям между Буркина-Фасо и Тайванем в период с 2000 года по 2018 год. В статье рассмотрено развитие международных отношений между африканской страной Буркина-Фасо и так называемой, Китайской республикой (Тайвань). Автор выявляет их специфику, помощи Тайваня в виде экономического, военного сотрудничества, а также сотрудничество в области здравоохранения. Автором проводится анализ причин, из-за которых республика Буркина-Фасо, которая долгое время была одним из немногих союзников Тайваня, установила дипломатические контакты с КНР, и разорвала с Тайванем. Что было воспринято в Тайване очень болезненно, так как количество стран, которые признают Тайвань как единственную Китайскую республику, сокращается. Особое внимание уделено влиянию китайской экономической экспансии в Африке на разрыв отношений между Буркина-Фасо и Тайванем. В конце статьи автор отвечает на вопрос, возможно ли, что Буркина-Фасо восстановит дипломатические отношения с Тайванем.
THE PROCESSES OF POLITICAL INTEGRATION IN THE COUNTRIES OF THE BIG MIDDLE EAST WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE PAN-ARABIC CONCEPT OF THE PERIOD 1945-1990
Authors: ЛУЧЕНКОВ И.Р.
Published: February 2021

В статье рассматривается необходимость экономических, политических интеграционных процессов в арабских странах Большого Ближнего Востока, а также причины их несостоятельности в данном регионе во второй половине ХХ века.
Value Theory in the Economics of Sustainable Development
Authors: Pink Małgorzata
Published: February 2021

Historically, the value theory was based on an objectivist approach, where the value of the goods arises through the involvement of private means of production, with a special role of work or a subjectivist approach, where value is a subjective phenomenon and depends on marginal utility of the economic entity. The neoclassical revolution replaced the vague value theory with price theory, the economic reality and consumer expectations led to a situation in which lowering the price of goods at the expense of the environment became a commonly accepted mode of operation. For a long time, the value theory in economics was not an area of reflection, both in the sense of economic and moral value. It was assumed that the subjective character of the value phenomenon makes the analysis of value elusive for the tools of economics. At the same time, environmental goods were considered to be so-called free, occurring in unlimited quantities. These assumptions have contributed to the development of an economics theory that is the antithesis of the economics of sustainable development, excessively exploiting the environment and, indirectly, society as well. The assumptions of sustainable development redefine the space for interpretation of the value theory and imply a change in the approach to an environmental element that cannot be understood in the sense of a free good and which imposes an objective understanding of values that can be preserved or lost in the production process.
Sustainable Development Goals in Arab Region – United Arab Emirates’ Case Study
Authors: Krzymowski Adam
Published: February 2021

The article presents an analysis of the Sustainable Development Goals in the Arab region with particular emphasis on the example of the UAE. The initiatives of this country deserve an in-depth analysis due to their scale, innovative nature and huge ambitions to achieve the first position in the world in many areas of activity, including the achievement of the objectives of the UN 2030 program. The article analyzes projects and their implementation, including Vision 2021, the Green economy program, the National Innovation Strategy, the Energy 2050 Strategy, initiatives for tolerance and world peace, humanitarian aid, or activities related to the fight against climate change. In this context, the World Expo is shown, which will take place in Dubai from October 2020 to April 2021 and for which sustainable development is one of the main themes. This article, presenting all these visions and activities serving their implementation, also shows the context of the huge dynamics of the population development of the UAE, including Dubai, which just before the establishment of the state in 1971 had a population of 80,000 thousand to nearly 4 million today. The article shows the socio-political aspects of sustainable development and the impact of new technologies on sustainable development.
Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen Dalam Perjanjian Jual Beli Terhadap Pelaku Usaha Yang Tidak Beritikad Baik
Authors: Ruslan Milawartati T
Published: February 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini, yaitu untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis konsep hukum  dalam perjanjian jual beli dan untuk menganalisis upaya hukum penyelesaian sengketa konsumen dalam perjanjian jual beli dari tindakan pelaku usaha yang tidak beritikad baik. Permasalahan yang diteliti pada penelitian ini yaitu, bagaimanakah konsep hukum dalam perjanjian jual beli dan bagaimanakah upaya hukum penyelesaian sengketa konsumen dalam perjanjian jual beli dari tindakan pelaku usaha yang tidak beritikad baik? Metode penelitian ini yaitu normatif yang bersumber dari bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder, dan bahan hukum tersier. Kesimpulan: upaya hukum penyelesaian sengketa konsumen dalam perjanjian jual beli dari tindakan pelaku usaha yang tidak beritikad baik didasarkan pada upaya hukum yang dapat dilakukan oleh konsumen atas kerugian yang dialami yaitu dengan memberikan ruang untuk menyelesaikan sengketa konsumen yaitu melalui litigasi (pengadilan) dan nonlitigasi (diluar pengadilan). Hal ini dapat ditinjau dari aspek hukum perdata, hukum pidana, dan hukum administrasi Negara.

The purpose of this research is to find out and analyze legal concepts in the sale and purchase agreement and to analyze the legal efforts of consumer dispute resolution in the sale and purchase agreement of the actions of business actors who are not in good faith. The problems examined in this study are, how is the legal concept in the sale and purchase agreement and how are the legal efforts to resolve consumer disputes in the sale and purchase agreement of the actions of business actors who are not in good faith? This research method is normative which comes from primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. Conclusion: consumer dispute resolution efforts in the sale and purchase agreement of the actions of business actors who do not have good intentions are based on legal remedies that can be carried out by consumers for the losses experienced by providing space to resolve consumer disputes namely through litigation (court) and nonlitigation court). This can be viewed from aspects of civil law, criminal law, and state administrative law.
Ketentuan Hukum Perbandingan sistem Pengawasan Terhadap Anggota Lembaga Parlemen Dibeberapa negara
Authors: Patawari Patawari , Bidja Isnanto
Published: February 2021

Pelaksanaan tugas dan fungsinya anggota parlemen, diperlukan adanya ketentuan pengawasan terhada anggota pada lembaga parlemen, sehingga di dalam menjalankan fungsinya maka anggota DPR berkesesuaian antara perencanaan, tugas dan fungsinya, dan tujuan yang hendak dicapai. Maka tentunya pengawas tersebut adalah memiliki kompetensi yang cukup untuk memahami tugas dan fungsi anggota DPR (yang diawasi). Paling tidak, sebagai pengawas lebih memahami dari pada tugas dan fungsi anggota DPR, hal tersebut yang dimaksud dengan kompetensi. Sedangkan kompetensi dapat tercipta dari proses akademik, pengalaman dan suatu kewenangan yang diberikan. Anggota dalam lembaga Parlemen, merupakan orang orang yang direkrut oleh  partai politik untuk menjadi anggota parlemen, melalui proses seleksi sosial (konstituen)  yang dipilih melalui pemilihan umum, hingga terpilih dan diberikan tugas dan fungsinya dan bekerja secara kolektifitas dengan ketentuan, yang memegang kekuasaan dalam pementukan perundang undangan, melakukan pengawasan dan melaksanakan fungsi budgeting.

The implementation of the duties and functions of parliamentarians requires the provision of oversight to members of parliamentary institutions, so that in carrying out their functions the members of the House of Representatives agree between their planning, duties and functions, and the objectives to be achieved. Then of course these supervisors have sufficient competence to understand the duties and functions of DPR members (supervised). At the very least, as supervisors understand better than the duties and functions of DPR members, this is meant by competence. While competence can be created from the academic process, experience and a given authority. Members in the Parliamentary institution, are people who are recruited by political parties to become members of parliament, through a process of social selection (constituents) elected through general elections, to be elected and given their duties and functions and work collectively with the provisions, who hold power in the formation legislation, supervise and carry out the budgeting function.
Implementasi Sistem Merit Dalam Manajemen Aparatur Sipil Negara Kementerian Agama Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Sefullah Andi , Fahmal A Muin , Said Muhammad Fachri
Published: February 2021

Undang-undang No.5 Tahun 2014 tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) merupakan wujud dari kelanjutan pelaksanaan Reformasi Birokrasi, menuju profesionalisme pegawai. Merit sistem merupakan cerminan manajemen kepegawaian yang profesional dimana penempatan pegawai dan pejabat menggunakan kompetensi kinerja dan track record sebagai alat ukur pengangkatan Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi implementasi sistem merit dalam Manajemen ASN pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Prov. Sulawesi Selatan dan melihat faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi implementasi sitem tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif empiris dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan tujuan mengetahui bagaimana implementasi sistem merit dalam manajemen ASN serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi implementasi tersebut. Sehingga diharapkan dapat memberikan sumbangan pemikiran terhadap pemerintah dalam pengkajian dan pelaksanaan sistem merit kearah yang lebih baik.

The implementation of the Act Number 5, Year 2014 on The Civil State Apparatus is entity of a sustainable successful implementation of bureaucracy reform head to officers professionalism. The Merit System is a reflection of professional staffing management. The merit system is performance assessment based on work performance. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the implementation of merit system to officers development according to the needs of South Celebes Regional Office the Ministry of Religions and the factors affecting of its implementations. It is a normatif-empiric method with qualitative approach. It is hoped to describe the implementation of merit system in civil state management and and the factors affecting of its implementations. So that it is expected to contribute ideas to the government in the study and implementation of a better Merit System.
A Modification of Infant Warmer with Monitoring of Oxygen Saturation, Heart Rate and Skin Temperature
Authors: Nampira Muhammad Syahrul Azam , Kholiq Abd , Lamidi
Published: February 2021

Full term and premature babies have decreased body temperature by 0.1 ° C-0.3 ° C per minute, infant warmer was developed to provide the effect of heat on the baby as the temperature in the mother's uterus. The purpose of this study is to modify the infant warmer tool by adding parameters SpO2, BPM, and skin sensors. The contribution of this research is that the SpO2, BPM, and skin sensor monitoring systems are very helpful in the therapeutic and healing process using infant warmers. The use of the right sensor and has good quality will produce results and a small error value so it does not exceed the maximum value that is tolerated. The MAX 30100 sensor can detect oxygen saturation in the blood (SpO2) and heart rate (BPM), the DS18B20 temperature sensor can detect temperatures on the surface of the skin or body. Based on the results of measurements on 3 different respondents with 6 times of data retrieval and compared with standard tools the largest error value obtained from SpO2 is 0.68% and the smallest error value is 0.17%, while the largest error value from BPM is 0.76 bpm and the smallest error value is 0.42 bpm, the value of skin temperature error obtained is 0.28% obtained from the measurement of 1 respondent with 6 times of data retrieval and compared with standard tools. The tool is said to be suitable for use because the maximum limit in SpO2 error tolerance is 2% and BPM is 5%. The results of this research can be implemented on infant warmers to improve the monitoring of physiological conditions in patients.
Design of Phototherapy Radiometer with a Measurement Stability Improvement
Authors: Megantari Ayu Dini , Syaifudin Syaifudin , Setioningsih Endang Dian
Published: February 2021

The amount of radiation given from the phototherapy lamp (Blue Light) who not right for neonates with hyperbilirubin is feared to cause the bilirubin levels in not decrease accordance with the calculated dose. The purpose of this study is to make a Blue Light calibration device with a stable measurement. The contribution of this research is by determine a sensor who able to measure the irradiation value more accurately between TCS3200 and AS7262 sensor. TCS3200 sensor measures the wavelengths of 470nm, 524nm and 640nm and AS7262 sensor can measure wavelengths of 430-670nm. The results of both sensors are stored in the Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory, with the amount of data and the length of measurement can be adjusted according to user needs. Measurement the irradiation value of two sensors is done simultaneously using 3 Watt Light Emitting Diode lamp as a Blue Light simulation where the lamp is placed directly above the sensor and distance of the lamp to the sensor is 10cm, 20cm, 30cm, and 40cm. The average uncertainty value with TCS3200 sensor is 14.65 and the average uncertainty value with AS7262 sensor is 2.17. Type A uncertainty value is based on results of repeated measurements that show how close the measurement results are to the actual value (stable measurement results). The results showed that the average uncertainty value on AS7262 sensor is relatively small, so its mean the measurement results of AS7262 sensor are stable. The author suggests using sensors who capable of reading the value of light radiation without conversion. The results of this study can be implemented to measure the intensity of the lamp and be used as a reference to determining the time of lamp replacement.
Analisis Numerik Part Bulkhead Pada Sub System Wing To Fuselage Joinner Assembly Pesawat Aerobatik Menggunakan Metode Elemen Hingga
Authors: Enggar Kristian  , Suprianto Agus , Pramana Nurhadi , Afandi Sahril , Yuniarti Endah
Published: February 2021

Analisis rancangan bulkhead dilakukan untuk memperoleh geometri terbaik untuk mencari berat yang efisien dengan mengubah geometri bentuk pada bulkhead yang merupakan sub system wing to fuselage untuk pesawat berkategori aerobatik dan berat yang optimal yang memenuhi persyaratan regulasi FAR 23 dan mengetahui respon distribusi tegangan, bending yang dihasilkan  dan kriteria kegagalan struktur berdasarkan variasi geometri bentuk bulkhead. Pada penelitian ini untuk analisis statik bulkhead untuk pesawat berkategori aerobatik menggunakan material Aluminium Alloy 7075-T6 dan menggunakan metode pendekatan Schrenk untuk menghitung beban eksternal distrbusi gaya angkat pada sayap. Selain itu dilakukan proses optimisasi berat bulkhead berdasarkan metode pendekatan topologi yaitu perubahan geometri bentuk pada bulkhead untuk mereduksi berat, sudut insiden spar yang berbeda dan menghitung magin of safety. Proses penyelesaian masalah menggunakan perangkat lunak metode elemen hingga (Abaqus CAE). Optimisasi topologi pada part bulkhead sudut insidet 0° dan 4° menghasilkan volume yang berkurang pada benda sehingga mereduksi berat, tetapi nilai dari margin of safety MS = 0.
The bulkhead design analysis was carried out to obtain the best geometry to find an efficient weight by changing the shape geometry of the bulkhead which is a sub-system of the wing to the fuselage for an aircraft categorized as aerobatics and an optimal weight that meets the requirements of FAR 23 regulations and sees the stress distribution response, the resulting bending and structural failure criteria based on the geometric variation of bulkhead shapes. In this study, to analyze the bulkhead static for an aerobatic category aircraft using Aluminum Alloy 7075-T6 material and using the Schrenk Approximation method to calculate the external distribution load of lift force on the wing. In addition, the optimization of bulkhead weight based on the topological approach method is to change the shape geometry of the bulkhead to reduce weight, in different spar incidents and calculate margin of safety. The problem solving process uses finite element method software (Abaqus CAE). Topological optimization of the bulkhead part with an incidence angle of 0 ° and 4 ° results in a reduced volume of the object so that it reduces weight, but the value of the margin of safety MS = 0.
Estimating the Uncertainty of Brake Pad Prognostics for High-speed Rail with a Neural Network Feature Ensemble
Authors: Trilla Alexandre , Dersin Pierre , Cabré Xavier
Published: February 2021

The friction brake system reduces the speed of the train by transforming the kinematic energy into heat through the abrasion between the carbon pads and the disk. The British Rail Class 390 fleet (Pendolino) features a very high availability, running 1000 miles a day on average, so their wear rate is monotonic and acceptably constant. The prognostics for brake pad degradation are typically conducted with a robust online linear regression technique, which seamlessly accommodates asset-based idiosyncrasies, like the different effort that is exerted on the pad given its location on a motor or a trailer car, on the left or the right hand side of the caliper, etc. This technique is also resilient to abrupt measurement changes due to asset replacements, sensor imprecision, and acquisition failures, while retaining the physical evolution of the wear, which erodes the surface of the pad. This article evaluates the effectiveness of this approach with a dataset of brake pad thickness measurements, at the fleet level (around 12000 asset instances), using a sliding window technique, and refines its performance with a neural network ensemble, which blends physical and location features. The results of the analysis prove that this method meets the requirements of the maintenance staff and thus yields a new avenue for business improvement through the application of the predictive maintenance approach for brake pads.
Data-driven Approach to Material Removal Rate Prediction in Chemical Mechanical Polishing
Authors: Li Zhixiong , Wu Dazhong
Published: February 2021

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) has been widely used in the semiconductor sector for creating planar surfaces with the combination of chemical and mechanical forces. CMP is very complex because several chemical and mechanical phenomena (e.g., surface kinetics, contact mechanics, stress mechanics, and tribochemistry) are involved. Due to the complexity of the CMP process, it is very challenging to predict material removal rate (MRR) with sufficient accuracy. While physics-based methods have been introduced to predict MRR, little research has been reported on data-driven predictive modeling of MRR in the CMP process. This paper presents a novel decision tree-based ensemble learning algorithm that trains a predictive model of MRR on condition monitoring data. A stacking technique is used to combine three decision tree-based learning algorithms, including the random forests (RF), gradient boosting trees (GBT), and extremely randomized trees (ERT). The proposed method is demonstrated on the data collected from a wafer CMP tool that removes material from the surface of the wafer. Experimental results have shown that the decision tree-based ensemble learning algorithm can predict MRR in the CMP process with very high accuracy.
Extreme Prognostics for Remaining Useful Life Analysis of Composite Structures
Authors: Eleftheroglou Nick , Zarouchas Dimitrios , Benedictus Rinze
Published: February 2021

The procedure of fatigue damage accumulation in composite structures is still unknown and depends on several parameters such as type and frequency of loading, stacking sequence and material properties. Additionally, the nonhomogeneous and anisotropic nature of composites result to a stochastic activation of the different failure mechanisms and make the estimation of remaining useful life (RUL) very complex but interesting task. Data driven probabilistic methodologies have found increasing use the last decade and provide a platform for reliable estimations of RUL utilizing condition monitoring (CM) data. However, the fatigue life of a specific composite structure has a quite significant scatter, with specimens that either underperform or outperform. These specimens are often referred as outliers and the estimation of their RUL is challenging. This study proposes a new RUL probabilistic model, the Extreme Non-Homogenous Hidden Semi Markov Model (ENHHSMM) which is an extension of the Non-Homogenous Hidden Semi Markov Model (NHHSMM). The ENHHSMM uses dynamic diagnostic measures, which are estimated based on the training and testing CM data and adapts dynamically the trained parameters of the NHHSMM. The available CM data are acoustic emission data recorded throughout fatigue testing of open-hole carbon–epoxy specimens. RUL estimations from the ENHHSMM and NHHSMM are compared. The ENHHSMM is concluded as the preferable option since it provides more accurate outlier prognostics.
Fault Detection and Isolation with Fluid Mechanics Constraints For Cryogenic Combustion Bench Cooling Circuit
Authors: Sarotte Camille , Marzat Julien , Piet Lahanier Hélène , Galeotta Marco , Ordonneau Gérard
Published: February 2021

This paper presents the design of a Fault Detection and Isolation scheme to improve the reliability of a cryogenic engine test bench operation, focusing specifically on its cooling circuit. The proposed fault detection consists in an extended unknown input observer, a cumulative sum algorithm and an exponentially moving average chart. A dynamic parity space approach is then proposed to isolate one or two simultaneous faults in the cooling circuit. The initial system model, for each line composing the cooling circuit, is augmented with constraints based on the mass flow rate continuity and the energy conservation for the overall system. Time delays in the transients are accounted for by recursive equations over a sliding window. The method allows settling adaptive thresholds that avoid pessimistic decision about the continuation of tests while detecting and isolating faults in the transient and permanent states of the system. The model structure and the estimation method were validated on the real Mascotte test bench (ONERA/CNES) data. The fault detection and isolation scheme was validated in realistic simulations.
Model-based Fault Diagnostics of Servo Valves
Authors: Haj Mohamad Turki , Nazari Foad , Nataraj Chandrasekhar
Published: February 2021

This paper presents the application of the Extended Phase Space Topology (EPST) method in model-based diagnostics of nonlinear systems. A detailed nonlinear mathematical model of a servo electro-hydraulic system has been used to demonstrate the procedure. Two faults have been considered associated with the servo valve including the increased friction between spool and sleeve and the degradation of the permanent magnet of the valve armature. The faults have been simulated in the system by the variation of the corresponding parameters in the model and the effect of these faults on the output flow response has been investigated. A regression-based artificial neural network has been developed and trained using the EPST extracted features to estimate the original values of the faulty parameters and to identify the severity of the faults in the system.
Calculation of Blade Track Height Using an Optical Tracker
Authors: Bechhoefer Eric , Tucker Brian
Published: February 2021

Rotor Track and Balance (RTB) is a necessary maintenance action to improve aircraft ride quality and decrease fatigue for both the aircrew and helicopter equipment. While there have been a number of papers discussing the solution strategy for optimizing both blade track split and vibration, little work has been reported on how to calculate blade track by using an optical sensor. This paper will discuss the formulation of the blade track height estimate based on optical tracker measurements from flight-testing. Furthermore, the article will include a sensitivity analysis to define the blade track height error. Finally, contending solutions strategies are tested by comparing the results between two pulse and three pulse optical trackers.
Condition-based Maintenance Policy Optimization Using Genetic Algorithms and Gaussian Markov Improvement Algorithm
Authors: Hoffman Michael , Song Eunhye , Brundage Michael , Kumara Soundar
Published: February 2021

Condition-based maintenance involves monitoring the degrading health of machines in a manufacturing system and scheduling maintenance to avoid costly unplanned failures. As compared with preventive maintenance, which maintains machines on a set schedule based on time or run time of a machine, condition-based maintenance attempts to minimize the number of times maintenance is performed on a machine while still attaining a prescribed level of availability. Condition-based methods save on maintenance costs and reduce unwanted downtime over its lifetime. Finding an analytically-optimal condition-based maintenance policy is difficult when the target system has non-uniform machines, stochastic maintenance time and capacity constraints on maintenance resources. In this work, we find an optimal condition-based maintenance policy for a serial manufacturing line using a genetic algorithm and the Gaussian Markov Improvement Algorithm, an optimization via simulation method for a stochastic problem with a discrete solution space. The effectiveness of these two algorithms will be compared. When a maintenance job (i.e., machine) is scheduled, it is placed in a queue that is serviced with either a first-infirst- out discipline or based on a priority. In the latter, we apply the concept of opportunistic window to identify a machine that has the largest potential to disrupt the production of the system and assign a high priority to the machine. A test case is presented to demonstrate this method and its improvement over traditional maintenance methods.
Rail Suspension System Fault Detection using Deep Semi-Supervised Feature Extraction with One-class data
Authors: Peng Xiaomeng , Jin Xiaoning
Published: February 2021

In this paper we propose a novel semi-supervised fault detection methodology for a vehicle suspension system with one-class multi-sensor data. Supervised data-driven methods have been applied in fault detection successfully in recent studies. However, it is difficult and expensive to collect data under faulty condition for supervised learning while data collection under normal condition is much easier and cheaper. Fault detection under such situation is a one-class classification problem that requires classification models to identify the positive class when the negative class is either absent or poorly sampled. The efficiency of classifiers is constrained by defining the normal class boundary only with the knowledge of positive class as well as the problem of biased or incorrect feature extracted from the positive class. In proposed method, A deep semi-supervised learning method integrated with physical-based domain knowledge is applied for feature extraction. The suspension system for a full car model is modeled using a simulation tool, SIMPACK to generate the synthetic multi-sensor data. Our results show the effectiveness of the proposed in fault detection and diagnostics with one-class data.
Wireless, Non-invasive, Asset Life-cycle Monitoring System
Authors: Kim Mark Younghoon , Farinholt Kevin , Demo Jeff , Eno James , Long Hunter , Thompson Ethan
Published: February 2021

Exposure to harsh environments during storage, transportation, and handling can have significant effect on various system assets, making it important to understand the full life-cycle exposure of sensitive equipment. To quantify a system’s status timeline, a wireless, intelligent, low-power life-cycle monitoring device is being developed. No current monitoring systems have the capability to measure environmental conditions experienced by an asset and use that data to determine time spent in various states such as storage, transportation, handling and deployment. The sensor system being developed will employ a multi-modal sensing approach that will provide on-device analysis of the various parameters such as acceleration, temperature, and other environmental conditions for the duration of asset storage, handling, and distribution. Extremely low power and potentially easy to integrate into existing platforms, the monitoring system will include on-system intelligence for distinguishing between different statuses and is designed to use reliable, wireless, low-profile, and inexpensive sensing technologies. Embedded system intelligence is designed to use collected datasets to accurately quantify the asset’s current status and the amount of time spent within each state. The ability to monitor critical parameters and use them to classify this status throughout the asset’s life-cycle could provide some of the diagnostic information that would facilitate condition based maintenance. Engineers and operators can review exposure conditions and analyze how status and exposure effects contribute to the current condition of their equipment. The monitoring system will provide maintainers additional data points in assessing the historical use of the system.
Integrated Reasoning Framework for Vehicle Level Diagnosis of Aircraft Subsystem Faults
Authors: Ezhilarasu Cordelia Mattuvarkuzhali
Published: February 2021

A framework for integrated diagnostic reasoning to detect and isolate faults in complex aircraft systems, at the vehicle level, is proposed. A Digital Twin emulating the functions of an aircraft’s selected subsystems is to be developed; this will include their input/output parameters connecting to other systems, for simulating the subsystem level interactions. The failure propagation across subsystems will be observed by injecting different faults. A diagnostic module for each subsystem will detect and isolate faults. This will be complemented by an integrated reasoner at the vehicle level which will isolate the root cause of propagated faults. On successful completion, the fully developed integrated reasoner shall distinguish an effect (for example, engine power reduction in B777 (Sleight and Carter, 2014)) from its root cause (blocked Fuel Oil Heat Exchanger (Sleight and Carter, 2014)), yielding maintenance savings and increasing dispatch reliability.
Chemometrics as a Tool to Gain Insight into Fiber Rope Aging from Infrared Images
Authors: Nordgård-Hansen Ellen Marie , Hassel Håkon Jarle , Schlanbusch Rune
Published: February 2021

Fiber ropes are steadily gaining in popularity for offshore lifting purposes. One limiting factor is many fibers’ low tolerance for high temperatures. Measurements of rope temperature and changes in thermo-physical properties are therefore highly relevant, a task which may be performed using an infrared camera. Chemometrics is one tool among the many techniques available for image processing. The present paper details results from applying chemometrics to infrared images obtained from recent cyclic-bend-over-sheave testing. It is shown how this tool contributes to separating the various phenomena going on, like changes in thermal properties, vertical rope movement, surface degradation, and rope twist. A brief discussion on the applicability for real-life monitoring is also given.
Fault Identification and Isolation in Dynamic Systems Using Multiple Models
Authors: Coelho Olivia Maria Alves , Vianna Wlamir O. L. , Yoneyama Takashi
Published: February 2021

The demand for more reliability, safety and performance in industrial systems is rapidly increasing every day. The early detection of faults can avoid catastrophic events and the identification of the fault nature and severity can lead to the most appropriated and efficient maintenance task. Thus, an enhanced system diagnosis feature has the potential to increase safety and reduce the operational costs. In this context, fault detection and isolation techniques are used as the basis for building powerful decision making tools. This work's objective is to identify and isolate multiple faults in dynamic systems through signal processing. An approach based on a multiple-models architecture is considered whereas the plant output signals is compared with simulation data from a set of models representing the failure modes being analysed. The Autonomous Multiple Models (AMM) technique is chosen for further residue estimation and fault isolation. A case study using computational models representing an electro-mechanical system is carried out in order to validate the proposed method and evaluate its performance and limitations such as failure modes not mapped through the models and its capability to handle concurrent faults.
Order Tracking Using Variational Mode Decomposition to Detect Gear Faults under Speed Fluctuations
Authors: Choudhury Madhurjya Dev , Hong Liu , Dhupia Jaspreet Singh
Published: February 2021

Fault detection in gearboxes plays a significant role in ensuring their reliability. Vibration signals collected during gearbox operation contain a wealth of valuable condition information that can be exploited for fault detection. However, in an industrial environment machine operating speed always fluctuates around its nominal value, which causes smearing of the gearbox vibration spectrum. Considering operating speed fluctuation and multi-component nature of measured gearbox vibration signals, an order-tracking method combining the variational mode decomposition (VMD) and the fast dynamic time warping (FDTW) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the multi-component vibration signal is decomposed into several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) using VMD in order to extract a signal component with higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Then, the sensitive fault information carrying IMF is exploited to estimate the instantaneous speed profile in order to construct the shaft rotational vibration signal. The measured vibration signal is then resampled based on the optimal warping path obtained by FDTW, which performs an “elastic” stretching and compression along the time axis of the extracted shaft vibration signal with respect to a sinusoidal reference signal of constant shaft rotational frequency. Finally, the gear fault is detected by constructing the order spectrum of the resampled vibration signal. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated using simulation results.
Wheel Bearing Fault Isolation and Prognosis Using Acoustic Based Approach
Authors: Feng Jianshe , Du Xinyu , Salman Mutasim
Published: February 2021

Wheel bearing fault detection, isolation and failure prognosis are critical to improve perceived quality and customer experience for retail vehicles, and to reduce the repair cost and down time for fleet vehicles. Currently, most of the research in bearing failure and degradation diagnosis focus on vibration signal analytics. However, these techniques are rarely applied in automotive industry due to the high sensor cost, installation space limitation, and limited communication bandwidth. In this work, an acoustic based approach for wheel bearing fault detection and isolation is developed to overcome these limitations. Since the bearing noise is a precursor of bearing failure, the proposed method is a prognosis solution. The whole solution is verified using the data collected from a production vehicle. The results show that the proposed method can predict the wheel bearing failure with promising accuracy and robustness.
Process-Monitoring-for- Quality — A Model Selection Criterion for Shallow Neural Networks
Authors: Escobar Carlos A. , Morales-Menendez Ruben
Published: February 2021

Since most manufacturing systems generate only a fewdefects per million of opportunities, rare quality eventdetection is one of the main applications of process monitoringfor quality. Single-hidden-layer feed-forwardneural networks have been successfully applied to performthis task. However, since the best network structureis not known in advance, many models need to be learnedand tested to select a final model with the right numberof hidden neurons. A new three-dimension 3D
Development of Metrics for Resilience Quantification in Energy Systems
Authors: Da Silva Fellipe Sartori , Matelli José Alexandre
Published: February 2021

The design of energy systems usually requires technical, economical and environmental analysis. However, the growth of systems failure due to unpredictable low-probability external events makes the consideration of resilience in this design also important. Although there is no standard metric for resilience quantification yet, it is known that it should consider system configuration, operation time and total or partial energy generation during and after the event, as well as the components repair probability and time. A proposal for resilience quantification in four cogeneration plants was previously developed based on components stochastic failures and verification of their consequences in the plant energy generation. The present work aims to continue the development of this metric by including in its calculation the repair probability of the components, their repairing time and the plant downtime during the repair, essential parameters for resilience quantification. Two new metrics are proposed and simulations with 0, 50% and 75% of repair probability of the components are made in software CLIPS. One of the metrics is able to evaluate the influence of repairment in system resilience, while the other one predicts plant downtime during operation. The metrics point to S#2 as the most resilient system and S#3 as the most affect by repairing.
Evaluation of Empirical Approach for Gearbox Diagnosis in the Construction Equipment
Authors: Kim Keon
Published: February 2021

A planetary gearbox is one of the most important components in rotating machinery. In construction equipment, it is mainly used for swing and traveling devices due to huge torque capability and good torque transmission. Unexpected failure of the planetary gearbox can cause increased idle time, unnecessary cost due to inability of the construction site and safety hazards such as an operator isolation in a remote area. For these reasons, the need for timely prediction of unexpected failure becomes increasingly important in the field of construction machinery. In general, studies on fault diagnosis and condition monitoring of planetary gearboxes have been carried out in fields such as aircraft, wind-turbines and power plants. Researches in the above-mentioned fields usually require high performance computing power, and the burden of cost for diagnosis is relatively small. In addition, construction machinery also faces difficulties due to various uncertainties such as uncertain operating conditions that affect the vibration characteristics of gearboxes.

This study focuses on an approach to the vibration-based fault diagnosis methodology that can distinguish gear faults in a planetary gearbox in an excavator using vehicle-based test. First, we analyze the types of gear faults and the parts where failures occur mainly through the database of field failures. From this result, several fault types to be used in the experiment are selected, and an arbitrary fault is applied to gears. Secondly, since the vibration data is acquired directly from the excavator, the signal processing method that can remove the noise as much as possible and distinguish the fault is selected. Finally, optimized features are selected to minimize the uncertainty impacts that cannot be eliminated or unknown. Through this study, we confirmed the effect of the signal processing method which can be used in the planetary gearbox of the excavator as follows: 1) Several kinds of fault can be distinguished. 2) Faults and methodologies that can be distinguished in the constant speed condition 3) Faults and methodologies that can be distinguished in the transition speed condition.