bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NEW METHOD EVALUATION OF DETAIL MATERIAL AND HEAT FLOWS FOR SINGLE STRING CEMENT CLINKER PLANT
Authors: Darmanto Prihadi Setyo , Astina I Made , Wardhana Alfian Kusuma , Amalia Alfi , Syahlan Arief
Published: March 2021

Material flow in each main equipment of a cement clinker plant, which is very useful for controlling the process, is impossible to be measured during operation due to very high temperatures. This paper intends to overcome the difficulties associated with the measurement of these material flow values. This study presents a new method of calculating material flow (gas and solid) in each main equipment of a single string conventional suspension preheater type of a cement clinker plant. Using the proposed method, mass flow rate at a clinker cooler, kiln, suspension preheater (SP) and even each cyclone separator can be calculated with a heat conservation error less than 1 %. With the application of the least square method for solving the overdetermined system of mass and heat conservation equations obtained in the cyclones of SP, the flow of gas and solid materials entering and exiting each cyclone that cannot be measured directly in the operating plant can be approached. Based on the operation temperature data of gas and solid flows monitored in the control room of an Indonesian cement plant as a case study, the mass flow rate of gas and solid entering and exiting as well as separation efficiency of each cyclone can be calculated. The results show that the separation efficiencies of cyclones 1, 2, 3 and 4 are 95 %, 91.89 %, 84.09% and 79.51% respectively. Finally, this study will be very useful by providing data that are impossible to gather by a direct measurement in an operating plant, due to a very high process temperature constraint, for operational control needs, new equipment design, process simulation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software and even modification of existing equipment. The proposed method can be applied to all types of modern cement clinker plant configurations, either with or without a calciner including the double strings.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE LIQUID FILMS BREAK-UP USING THE COMPUTER VISION TECHNIQUE
Authors: Měšťanová Lucie , Bartoš Ondřej
Published: March 2021

The aim of this paper is to introduce a novel approach for analysing the droplet formation in a transonic flow. The method suggested in this work is based on the combination of the measured data from the wind tunnel by an optical measurement and image processing. A new wind tunnel was developed for the study of the liquid film atomization at high speed flows similar to ones that can be found in steam turbines. The coarse droplets in steam turbines are formed from the liquid films on the blades and inner casings. The coarse droplets formed on the stator blades don´t follow the bulk flow and collide with the following moving blades. These collisions cause erosion and corrosion processes, which have an unfavourable effect on the reliability and the efficiency of the low pressure stages of steam turbines. The tunnel is equipped with a standard instrumentation for the measurement of the flow properties and for the analysis of the size distribution of the droplets. Two measurement methods were used for the measurement of the size of the droplets, photogrammetry and light scattering. In this paper, the image processing of the captured images is discussed. The images were taken by a camera with a telecentric lens. The paper contains an assessment of three image processing methods used for the measurement of the droplet distribution by the light extinction. Moreover, the formation of the droplets is captured on the trailing edge of the profile in the flow. The results bring a new view on the formation of droplets at high speeds.
EXTERNAL ROLLING OF A POLYGON ON CLOSED CURVILINEAR PROFILE
Authors: Pylypaka Serhii F. , Klendii Mykola B. , Trokhaniak Viktor I. , Kresan Tetiana A. , Hryshchenko Iryna Y. , Pastushenko Andrii S.
Published: March 2021

The design of a helical surface tillage tool made of a developable helicoid section has been calculated using the methods of analytical and differential geometry, the theory of surfaces, the systems of computer-generated graphics and mathematics. A helical tool in the form of a skeleton cylinder made of bars, where there is a helical surface made of arranged sheet metal, has been developed. Such a design prevents a helical surface from becoming clogged with soil. The suggested tool operates as a roller and the soil can easily pass through the gaps between the bars. New helical harrow tools have been designed and made for this experiment. An experimental harrow equipped with helical tools has been made and used to conduct a field research. The research was aimed at determining the optimal kinematic parameters and the pattern of field movement, which allow performing the technological process of soil tillage with the performance indices that meet the agricultural requirements.
PERFORMANCE OF SUSTAINABLE GREEN CONCRETE INCORPORATED WITH FLY ASH, RICE HUSK ASH, AND STONE DUST
Authors: Siddika Ayesha , Amin Md. Ruhul , Rayhan Md. Abu , Islam Md. Saidul , Mamun Md. Abdullah Al , Alyousef Rayed , Amran Y. H. Mugahed
Published: March 2021

The performance of a sustainable green concrete with fly ash (FA), rice husk ash (RHA), and stone dust (SD) as a partial replacement of cement and sand was experimentally explored. FA and RHA have a high silica content, are highly pozzolanic in nature and have a high surface area without any treatment. These by-products show filler effects, which enhance concrete’s density. Results showed that the FA and RHA materials have good hydration behaviour and effectively develop strength at an early age of concrete. SD acts as a stress transferring medium within concrete, thereby allowing the concrete to be stronger in compression, and bending. Consequently, water absorption capacity of the sustainable concrete was lower than that of the ordinary one. However, a little reduction in strength was observed after the replacement of the binder and aggregate using the FA, RHA and SD, but the reduction was insignificant. The reinforced structure with sustainable concrete containing the FA, RHA, and SD generally fails in concrete crushing tests initiated by flexural cracking followed by shear cracks. The sustainable concrete could be categorized as a perfect material with no significant conciliation in strength properties and can be applied to design under-reinforced elements for a low-to-moderate service load.
Actividad física en chicas adolescentes con riesgo de desarrollar un trastorno alimentario
Authors: Pamies-Aubalat Lidia , Quiles Marcos Yolanda
Published: March 2021

La literatura ha manifestado que la actividad física puede actuar como un factor de riesgo y/o un factor mantenedor en los trastornos alimentario (TA). El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la relación entre la práctica de actividad física con el riesgo de desarrollar un TA, analizando la frecuencia, intensidad y duración, el tipo de actividad y los motivos de realización de esa actividad. Método: la muestra estuvo compuesta por 1130 chicas adolescentes entre 11 y 19 años (M = 13.94; DT = 1.35); cumplimentaron el Eating Attitude Test (EAT-40), la subescala de insatisfacción corporal del Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI-2) y el Inventario de Conductas de Salud en Escolares. Resultados: Las adolescentes con menor riesgo de desarrollar un TA presentaron puntuaciones medias superiores en la realización de actividad con el motivo de divertirse, estar en buena forma y ver amigos que las adolescentes con riesgo de desarrollar un TA, que presentaron puntuaciones superiores en la práctica de actividad física para perder peso y quemar calorías. Conclusiones: conocer las características de la práctica de actividad física relacionada con los TA, permite generar propuestas preventivas eficaces, impedir que estos trastornos se mantengan e incluso se cronifiquen.
Adicción al cibersexo en función de la orientación sexual: prevalencia y predictores
Authors: Castro-Calvo Jesús , Ballester-Arnal Rafael , García-Barba Marta
Published: March 2021

El cibersexo es una práctica generalizada, sobre todo en población LGTBI. Esta práctica puede suponer beneficios, aunque también conlleva riesgos (como desarrollar una adicción). Dado que el colectivo LGTBI lo consume más frecuentemente, el riesgo de adicción también podría ser mayor. El objetivo del estudio era analizar si la orientación sexual aumentaba el riesgo de consumo adictivo de cibersexo, y si la preferencia por determinadas Actividades Sexuales Online (ASOs) y las motivaciones para su realización explicaban este incremento. A tal fin, 553 personas de entre 18-40 años (54.2% hombres; 36.2% heterosexuales, 36.2% bisexuales, 27.7% homosexuales) completaron una encuesta online sobre consumo de cibersexo. En hombres, los homosexuales presentaban mayor severidad de consumo (pero sólo en ASOs sociales [p<.001]). En mujeres, se documentaron diferencias en función de la orientación sexual en prácticamente todos los indicadores de severidad del consumo (siendo las bisexuales las que presentaban mayor riesgo). La orientación sexual apenas influyó sobre la capacidad predictiva del tipo de ASO y sus motivaciones en el riesgo de consumo adictivo. Estos hallazgos evidencian la importancia de la orientación sexual a la hora entender el uso y el abuso del cibersexo, así como la necesidad de orientar nuestras acciones preventivas hacia colectivos vulnerables.
Intervención motivacional en un jugador de tenis
Authors: Cantón Chirivella Enrique , Expósito Boix Violeta Esmeralda , Peris-Delcampo David
Published: March 2021

Se presenta un estudio de caso único utilizando un diseño mixto de triangulación metodológica, realizado con un tenista que aspira a quedar semifinalista en un torneo nacional de tenis individual. Se hicieron ocho sesiones semanales y una de seguimiento, con el objetivo de fortalecer los componentes del modelo de coaching motivacional “La Jirafa de Cantón” utilizando el diálogo socrático. La eficacia de la intervención fue evaluada mediante una administración pre-post (línea base e intervención) de tres cuestionarios: la “Escala de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryffl, Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg, y la Escala de Autoeficacia General de Schwarzer y Baessler. Al finalizar la intervención, se obtuvieron resultados positivos en todas las variables medidas, en la línea de otros estudios similares. Estos hallazgos ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de una mayor investigación, especialmente en el ámbito deportivo para optimizar “La Jirafa de Cantón” como instrumento y el coaching como metodología de intervención psicológica.
La orientación sexual en personas mayores: Categorías, deseos y realidades.
Authors: Gil-Llario María Dolores , Ballester-Arnal Rafael , Flores-Buils Raquel
Published: March 2021

La diversidad sexual tiende a considerarse una cuestión que afecta principalmente a personas jóvenes por lo que los estudios centrados en la vivencia de una orientación sexual minoritaria en personas mayores son muy escasos. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar el grado de coincidencia entre la orientación sexual autodefinida, el objeto de deseo y las personas con las que se han tenido relaciones sexuales. En este estudio han participado 244 personas (47,5% hombres y 52,5% mujeres) de entre 55 y 80 años heterogéneos en cuanto al nivel socioeconómico, grado académico y situación laboral. Todos ellos han cumplimentado un cuestionario sobre orientación sexual y aspectos como religión o actividad sexual. Los resultados muestran que el 13% (8,6% hombres, 16,4% mujeres) no se sienten atraídos exclusivamente por el sexo opuesto y el 6% reconoce haber mantenido prácticas homoeróticas (3,5% hombres y 7,9% mujeres). En los hombres la coincidencia entre autodefinición y objeto de deseo es mayor que en las mujeres. Se discute la necesidad de analizar de modo cualitativo en estudios futuros variables relacionadas con la historia sexual y la trayectoria vital por su posible influencia en cuanto a la exploración y/o aceptación de opciones sexuales no mayoritarias.
Hardy–Adams Inequalities on ℍ2 × ℝ
n-2
Authors: Ma Xing , Wang Xumin , Yang Qiaohua
Published: March 2021

Let

ℍ
2

{\mathbb{H}^{2}}

be the hyperbolic space of dimension 2. Denote by

M
n

=

ℍ
2

×

ℝ

n
-
2

{M^{n}=\mathbb{H}^{2}\times\mathbb{R}^{n-2}}

the product manifold of

ℍ
2

{\mathbb{H}^{2}}

and

ℝ

n
-
2

(
n
≥
3
)

{\mathbb{R}^{n-2}(n\geq 3)}

. In this paper we establish some sharp Hardy–Adams inequalities on

M
n

{M^{n}}

, though

M
n

{M^{n}}

is not with strictly negative sectional curvature. We also show that the sharp constant in the Poincaré–Sobolev inequality on

M
n

{M^{n}}

coincides with the best Sobolev constant, which is of independent interest.
Constructional associations trump lexical associations in processing valency coercion
Authors: Busso Lucia , Perek Florent , Lenci Alessandro
Published: March 2021

The paper investigates the interaction of lexical and constructional meaning in valency coercion processing, and the effect of (in)compatibility between verb and construction for its successful resolution (Perek, Florent & Martin Hilpert. 2014. Constructional tolerance: Cross-linguistic differences in the acceptability of non-conventional uses of constructions.Constructions and Frames6(2). 266–304; Yoon, Soyeon. 2019. Coercion and language change: A usage-based approach.Linguistic Research36(1). 111–139). We present an online experiment on valency coercion (the first one on Italian), by means of a semantic priming protocol inspired by Johnson, Matt A. & Adele E. Goldberg. 2013. Evidence for automatic accessing of constructional meaning: Jabberwocky sentences prime associated verbs.Language & Cognitive Processes28(10). 1439–1452. We test priming effects with a lexical decision task which presents different target verbs preceded by coercion instances of four Italian argument structure constructions, which serve as primes. Three types of verbs serve as target: lexical associate (LA), construction associate (CA), and unrelated (U) verbs. LAs are semantically similar to the main verb of the prime sentence, whereas CAs are prototypical verbs associated to the prime construction. U verbs serve as a mean of comparison for the two categories of interest. Results confirm that processing of valency coercion requires an integration of both lexical and constructional semantics. Moreover, compatibility is also found to influence coercion resolution. Specifically, constructional priming is primary and independent from compatibility. A secondary priming effect for LA verbs is also found, which suggests a contribution of lexical semantics in coercion resolution – especially for low-compatibility coercion coinages.
Fuzzy Rank Based Parallel Online Feature Selection Method using Multiple Sliding Windows
Authors: Venkatesh B. , Anuradha J.
Published: March 2021

Nowadays, in real-world applications, the dimensions of data are generated dynamically, and the traditional batch feature selection methods are not suitable for streaming data. So, online streaming feature selection methods gained more attention but the existing methods had demerits like low classification accuracy, fails to avoid redundant and irrelevant features, and a higher number of features selected. In this paper, we propose a parallel online feature selection method using multiple sliding-windows and fuzzy fast-mRMR feature selection analysis, which is used for selecting minimum redundant and maximum relevant features, and also overcomes the drawbacks of existing online streaming feature selection methods. To increase the performance speed of the proposed method parallel processing is used. To evaluate the performance of the proposed online feature selection method k-NN, SVM, and Decision Tree Classifiers are used and compared against the state-of-the-art online feature selection methods. Evaluation metrics like Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1-Score are used on benchmark datasets for performance analysis. From the experimental analysis, it is proved that the proposed method has achieved more than 95% accuracy for most of the datasets and performs well over other existing online streaming feature selection methods and also, overcomes the drawbacks of the existing methods.
Postpopulismus und Demokratie in den USA
Authors: Buchstein Hubertus
Published: March 2021

Die amerikanische Demokratie tritt nach der Wahl Joseph Bidens zum Präsidenten in das interessante Stadium des Postpopulismus. Die Chancen, dass die gesellschaftspolitischen Ursachen des Rechtspopulismus in Bidens Regierungszeit beseitigt werden können sind angesichts der verfassungsbedingten Restriktionen allerdings gering. Die Gefahr, dass es in einigen Jahren zu einem erneuten, aber diesmal erfolgreichen Versuch einer Subversion der liberalen Demokratie von oben durch eine neue rechtspopulistische Präsidentschaft kommen kann, ist somit nicht gebannt.
Characteristics and evaluation of the Upper Paleozoic source rocks in the Southern North China Basin
Authors: Sun Fengyu , Cao Gaoshe , Xing Zhou , Yu Shuangjie , Fang Bangbang
Published: March 2021

The Upper Paleozoic coal measure strata in the Southern North China Basin have good potential for unconventional oil and gas exploration. However, there has been no systematic evaluation of potential source rock in this area; this affects the estimation of potential resources and the choice of exploratory target layers. In this study, full core holes ZK0901 and ZK0401, which perfectly reveal Upper Paleozoic strata in the study area, systematically collected and analyzed the samples for total organic carbon, rock pyrolysis, chloroform bitumen “A,” organic maceral, vitrinite reflectance, and kerogen carbon isotopes. The results showed that in addition to coal rocks, mudstones and carbonate rocks are also potential source rocks in the Upper Paleozoic strata. Vertically, the source rocks are continuous in Taiyuan Formation, the lower part of Shanxi Formation, and Lower Shihezi Formation. The organic matter type in the Upper Paleozoic coal rocks and mudstone source rock belong to type III or II. This phenomenon is mainly attributed to the special transgressive–regressive sedimentary environment of the carbonate rocks. The higher degree of thermal evolution in the Upper Paleozoic source rocks may be related to the structure or a higher paleogeothermal gradient in this area. The coal layer and its upper and lower mudstone of the Shanxi Formation and Lower Shihezi Formation are the main target layers of unconventional oil and gas exploration. The results from this study can be used as a reference for the study on potential source rock for unconventional oil and gas exploration in the Southern North China Basin.
Writing While Quarantined: A Personal Interpretation of Contemporary Comparative Constitutional Law
Authors: Tushnet Mark
Published: March 2021

This Essay is a personal reflection on the state of scholarship in the field of comparative constitutional law. I draw parallels between the development of and reaction to ‘critical perspectives’ on domestic US comparative constitutional law today. I argue that the parallels have similar political roots, in concern that critical perspectives undermine the ability of constitutional law, whether domestic or comparative, to resist conservative and antiliberal tendencies. I conclude with some speculations about the source of the political commitments by scholars of comparative constitutional law, and in particular about the way the field’s overall cosmopolitanism affects scholarship on anti-cosmopolitan populisms.
The Constitutional Imaginary: Shared Meanings in Constitutional Practice and Implications for Constitutional Theory
Authors: Latham-Gambi Alexander
Published: March 2021

In this article, I seek to defend three main claims: Firstly, that the kinds of practices that are the object of study of constitutional theorists are undergirded by certain fundamental shared understandings. Secondly, that these shared understandings together form a rich fabric of meaning that is, broadly speaking, held in common across modern western societies, which I call the ‘constitutional imaginary’. Thirdly, that political institutions play a symbolic role as ‘repositories’ of shared understandings, which is crucial for the development, maintenance, propagation and evolution of the constitutional imaginary. On the basis of these claims, I propose a distinctive role for constitutional theory: the interpretation of the social meaning of political institutions and the actions and events that take place in and around them.
Construction of breather solutions and N-soliton for the higher order dimensional Caudrey–Dodd–Gibbon–Sawada–Kotera equation arising from wave patterns
Authors: Ismael Hajar F. , Seadawy Aly , Bulut Hasan
Published: March 2021

In this research, we explore the dynamics of Caudrey–Dodd–Gibbon–Sawada–Kotera equations in (1 + 1)-dimension, such as N-soliton, and breather solutions. First, a logarithmic variable transform based on the Hirota bilinear method is defined, and then one, two, three and N-soliton solutions are constructed. A breather solution to the equation is also retrieved via N-soliton solutions. All the solutions that have been obtained are novel and plugged into the equation to guarantee their existence. 2-D, 3-D, contour plot and density plot are also presented.
Moments of crisis
Authors: Heller Monica
Published: March 2021

This essay considers the challenges faced by academic journals such as this one at this moment of crisis of capitalism, with pressures on the one hand to democratize and decolonize, and on the other to produce profit through intensification, flexibilization and precaritization.
The past is a future priority
Authors: Karlander David
Published: March 2021

A sensitisation to the disciplinary past offers a way forward for sociolinguistic inquiry. Historicisation may add reflexive distance to our current concerns and debates. It may serve to detect, put into perspective and ease epistemological and ideational tensions. It is equally useful for determining the extent to which past ideas and practices linger among us, and for clarifying the effects of such forms of retention. Historicisation may be brought to bear on the ways in which we engage with our objects of study, and on the ways in which we understand our acts of engagement. A critical interest in the disciplinary past could provide a shared historical ground for all strands of sociolinguistic inquiry. It could help us to counteract disciplinary fragmentation, while at the same time stimulate disciplinary renewal and constructive exchange. For these reasons – I argue – a sensitisation to the history of sociolinguistics is of immediate relevance to the readership of the IJSL.
Unlearning the boundary-crossing constraint: processing instruction and the acquisition of motion event construal
Authors: Laws Jacqueline , Attwood Anthony , Treffers-Daller Jeanine
Published: March 2021

This study explores the effects of instruction on the acquisition of motion event construal among learners of English as a second language. The challenge for learners with Verb-framed first languages is that they need to ‘unlearn’ the boundary-crossing constraint and conflate manner and motion in the main verb, as inshe ran into the bank, however, there is little research on how this domain can be taught. We evaluate performance on story-telling productive tasks using three experimental treatments involving 1) an input-only approach based on the principles of Processing Instruction, 2) combined input and output training and 3) explicit information only about the target construction. The findings show that boundary-crossing constructions expressing manner can be taught and learning effects generalised to non-boundary-crossing structures not included in the training material. The effectiveness of input-only instruction persists over a two-week period, and compares positively with that of an input+output teaching package.
Personal Identity and the Hybrid View: A Middle Way
Authors: Noonan Harold W.
Published: March 2021

Two of the main contenders in the debate about personal persistence over time are the neo-Lockean psychological continuity view and animalism as defended by Olson and Snowdon. Both are wrong. The position I shall argue for, which I call, following Olson, the hybrid view, takes (non-branching) psychological continuity as a sufficient but, pace the neo-Lockeans, not necessary condition for personal persistence. It sides with the animalist in allowing that mere (non-branching) biological continuity is also sufficient. So I am, in a sense, a psychological continuity theorist. But I am also in a sense, a biological theorist (or as Olson put it, a new animalist).
Prospects of light management in perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells
Authors: Jäger Klaus , Sutter Johannes , Hammerschmidt Martin , Schneider Philipp-Immanuel , Becker Christiane
Published: March 2021

Perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells are regarded as a promising candidate to surpass current efficiency limits in terrestrial photovoltaics. Tandem solar cell efficiencies meanwhile reach more than 29%. However, present high-end perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells still suffer from optical losses. We review recent numerical and experimental perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell studies and analyse the applied measures for light management. Literature indicates that highest experimental efficiencies are obtained using fully planar perovskite top cells, being in contradiction to the outcome of optical simulations calling for textured interfaces. The reason is that the preferred perovskite top cell solution-processing is often incompatible with usual micropyramidal textures of silicon bottom cells. Based on the literature survey, we propose a certain gentle nanotexture as an example to reduce optical losses in perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. Optical simulations using the finite-element method reveal that an intermediate texture between top and bottom cell does not yield an optical benefit when compared with optimized planar designs. A double-side textured top-cell design is found to be necessary to reduce reflectance losses by the current density equivalent of 1 mA/cm2. The presented results illustrate a way to push perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell efficiencies beyond 30% by improved light management.
Gerotranszendenz oder Gerotranzendance – Imperative für Resilienz im höheren Lebensalter?
Authors: Janhsen Anna
Published: March 2021

Older Age comes along with a lot of different physical, psychological, and social changes. These changes might lead to specific challenges for wellbeing und life satisfaction of the elderly and the oldest old. Due to these specific challenges and present life issues general questions regarding the age-specific resources and forms of resilience come into play not only for health-related care. This article focusses the theories of gerotranscendence and of gerotranscendance. Both theories endeavor to take into account the specific situation of older age and at the same time address a way of becoming resilient in very old age. Abilities such as self-transcendence, a normatively imposed understanding of spirituality, and a feeling of cosmic connectedness, that should lead to a form of inner peace – even when facing one’s own finiteness, fragility and vulnerability – are discussed. By focusing on these two theories this article wants to contribute to the discourse on the relevance of spirituality for the resilience of people in older and oldest age. At the same time it intends to raise questions regarding general parameters for an age-friendly culture and care.
Mechanical and Chemical Properties Evaluation of Sheep Wool Fiber–Reinforced Vinylester and Polyester Composites
Authors: Bharath K. N. , Madhu P. , Yashas Gowda T. G. , Verma Akarsh , Sanjay M. R. , Siengchin Suchart
Published: March 2021

The present research study focuses on some mechanical and chemical characterizations of sheep wool fabric–reinforced thermosetting polymeric matrix composites. Mechanical tests, such as tensile and bending tests, along with chemical tests, such as water absorption test, swelling test, and chemical absorption test of sheep wool fabric reinforced with 50% vinylester and 50% polyester composites, were deliberated under different operating conditions. The results affirm that the tensile and bending strength of sheep wool fiber laminate of vinylester composition have high strength compared to that of polyester-composed laminates. The moisture absorption as well as the chemical absorption properties are found to be greater in the case of vinylester-based laminates, indicating the better mechanical interlocking behavior between sheep wool fabric and vinylester matrix.
Vertebrate Evolution Conserves Hindbrain Circuits despite Diverse Feeding and Breathing Modes
Authors: Li Shun , Wang Fan
Published: March 2021

Feeding and breathing are two functions vital to the survival of all vertebrate species. Throughout the evolution, vertebrates living in different environments have evolved drastically different modes of feeding and breathing through using diversified orofacial and pharyngeal (oropharyngeal) muscles. The oropharyngeal structures are controlled by hindbrain neural circuits. The developing hindbrain shares strikingly conserved organizations and gene expression patterns across vertebrates, thus begs the question of how a highly conserved hindbrain generates circuits subserving diverse feeding/breathing patterns. In this review, we summarize major modes of feeding and breathing and principles underlying their coordination in many vertebrate species. We provide a hypothesis for the existence of a common hindbrain circuit at the phylotypic embryonic stage controlling oropharyngeal movements that is shared across vertebrate species; and reconfiguration and repurposing of this conserved circuit give rise to more complex behaviors in adult higher vertebrates.
DETERMINATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT OF THE AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF STINGING NETTLE (URTICA DIOICA) ON BIOFILM FORMATION OF SALMONELLA ENTERICA SEROVARS
Authors: CESUR Aylin , SOYER Yeşim
Published: March 2021

Due to health concerns associated with the increase of antimicrobial resistance in foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella, plant extracts have become important natural alternatives to known antimicrobials. The eradication effect of the water-soluble stinging nettle extracts with 2 mg/mL, 4 mg/mL, 6 mg/mL, 8 mg/mL, 12 mg/mL, 16 mg/mL, and 20 mg/mL concentrations, on pre-formed biofilms and swimming motility of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovars, including Newport, Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Virchow, Othmarschen and Mikawasima, was investigated in vitro. Degradation of biofilm formation on spinach inoculated with each serovar was ascertained within different exposure time of 40 mg/mL concentrated extract as well. Moreover, major genes responsible for biofilm formation (i.e., rpoS, mlrA, ycfR, fimA, spiA and csgA) were screened in these isolates. The extract significantly decreased swimming motilities of Mikawasima and Virchow serovars. The highest reductions were found as 0.88 Log CFU/mL and 2.00 Log CFU/cm2 in vitro and on spinach, respectively.
Projected changes to air temperature, sea-level rise, and storms for the Gulf of Maine region in 2050
Authors: Chisholm Lucy , Talbot Tracey , Appleby William , Tam Benita , Rong Robin
Published: March 2021

A scientific scenario paper was prepared ahead of the Gulf of Maine (GOM) 2050 International Symposium to review and summarize possible weather-related and sea-level changes within the GOM as a result of climate change. It is projected that the GOM will experience warming temperatures, continued sea-level rise, and changes to storm characteristics and related elements such as precipitation and waves in the intermediate term, by approximately 2050. Coastal communities within the GOM region are particularly vulnerable to the anticipated impacts of climate change. This article aims to provide context on some of the consequential impacts that may occur from the changes projected within the area.
Correlation of heating profile with calcination temperature for the extraction of nano hydroxyapatite (Nano-HAp) derived from bone
Authors: Hasan Mohamad Rais , Mohd Ghazali Mohd Sabri , Mohtar Nor Fazliyana
Published: March 2021

Bone is one of the major sources of hydroxyapatite (HAp) in the form of calcium phosphate. The increasing demand for HAp has brought much interest in research line to find the best method for its production either synthetically or naturally. Calcination of natural bone is a common heat treatment method for production of HAp. However, the optimum temperature of calcination depends on source and heating profile of the bone. Therefore, this study aimed to determine heating profile and the optimum calcination temperature of Nano-hyroxyapatite (Nano-HAp) extracted from spotted sardinella (Amblygaster sirm) bone. Characterization of Nano-HAp was carried out using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), chromameter and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy. The composition of protein, ash, moisture and lipid content of raw bone (RB) were 1.08%, 50.98%, 10.47% and 3.78%, respectively. Results demonstrated that the optimum temperature for extracted nano-hydroxyapatite (HAp-1) was 700°C based on yield percentage (55%) and colour changes value (∆E=18). Heating profile of raw bone demonstrated the highest reduction of weight loss percentage (320°C to 610°C=36%); which determined the melting point of the bone that acted as a supporting analysis for calcination. XRD confirmed the crystallinity phase of HAp-1 particle similar to the standard peak of HAp, (PDF No: 1-1008) and comparable with the standard HAp. Based on the heating profile and colour changes value, the findings demonstrated that the calcination of HAp from bone of spotted sardinella (Amblygaster sirm) could be carried out at an optimum temperature of 700°C. Overall findings have suggested that the optimum calcination temperature obtainedmay contribute to the development of optimal method for the extraction of HAp via heat treatment process with different fish species.
Struktura znaczeniowa słownictwa anatomicznego w Nowym dykcjonarzu M.A. Troca
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Kuryłowicz Beata
Published: March 2021

This article is an attempt to perform a semantic analysis of anatomical vocabulary collected by Michał Abraham Troc in Nowy dykcjonarz, published in Lipsk in 1764. The aim of individual analyses based on the lexical field theory is to demonstrate the meaning of lexemes, to determine their place within a field, as well as to disclose semantic relationships: synonymy, polysemy and hyponymy. The semantic analysis presented in this article clearly demonstrates abundance and differentiation of 18th century anatomical vocabulary, as well as prevalence of native over borrowed words. Among 250 names, only eleven units are borrowings from foreign languages: seven Latin and four German ones. This provides evidence there is a fundamental role of native lexis, especially colloquial vocabulary, in the formation of Polish anatomical terminology, and, more extensively, also medical terminology, in the first phase of its development which continued until the end of the 18th century. Of note is also the non-uniform arrangement of lexemes in individual fields and asymmetry in their number. Selected lexical fields are characterised by non-uniform size, different level of semantic stratification and differentiated degree of generality of words they contain. On the other hand, semantic relations observed in the analysed anatomical vocabulary, especially synonymy and polysemy, confirm there is a differentiation of anatomical lexis, on the other hand, they indicate lack of precision in expressing content by the discussed lexical units.
Analiza semantyczna nazw białostockich lokali gastronomicznych
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Paszko Małgorzata
Published: March 2021

The subject of this article is a semantic analysis of the names of food establishments in Białystok. What was found was that discussed urbo-chrematonims oscillate between an informative function and the need to express originality, uniqueness. They constitute important places on the onymic map of the city. As any advertisement, they rely on the persuasiveness expressed by positive connotations and semantic justification. Numerous names of food establishments appear and disappear on the urban landscape of proper names, thus it seems necessary to record the abundance of their meanings on an ongoing basis.
Nazwy siłowni i klubów fitness w województwach podlaskim i wielkopolskim
Authors:   Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Piotrowicz Anna , Witaszek-Samborska Małgorzata ,   Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Published: March 2021

Authors of the article present conclusions resulting from the observation of 197 official company names referring to gyms and fitness clubs located in Podlaskie and Wielkopolskie voivodships. The different number of company names in these voivodships is proportional to the number of inhabitants in each voivodship. The comparison of both sets of proper names showed no differences, whether in the scope of structural models applied, or in terms of motivational mechanisms. Structurally, two- and three-element patterns are dominant, while the motivation behind selection of names is mainly related to the type of business activity and/or the persons of business owners. The manifestations of internationalization and transonymisation visible in proper names strengthen their persuasive function.
Wieloaspektowość międzyjęzykowej ekwiwalencji stałych połączeń wyrazowych a ujęcie onomazjologiczne na przykładzie frazeologizmów typu tęga głowa
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Szerszunowicz Joanna
Published: March 2021

The aim of this paper is to discuss the usefulness and reliability of the onomasiological approach in the cross-linguistic analysis of fixed multiword expressions based on the example of Polish phrases coined according to the model: ADJECTIVENOM FEM SING + GŁOWA ‘HEAD’ and their English and Italian counterparts. The three corpora are constituted by expressions registered in general and phraseological dictionaries of the respective languages to ensure that the units belong to the canon of Polish, English and Italian phraseological stock. The analysis of units collected for the purpose of the study clearly shows that in order to determine the true picture of cross-linguistic equivalence, the study should be focused on semantics of analysed phrases. Furthermore, the formal aspectmay be of minor significance in some cases due to the similarity of imagery of a source language idiom and the target language lexical item. On the other hand, stylistic value may have a great impact on the relation of cross-linguistic correspondence of the analysed units.
U początków polskiej ortoleksykografii. Słownik ortograficzny Antoniego Jerzykowskiego
Authors:   Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Krakowie, Żmigrodzki Piotr
Published: March 2021

This article is dedicated to characteristics of the contents, micro- and macro-structure of the first, independent spelling dictionary of the Polish language, prepared by Antoni Jerzykowski and published in Poznań in 1885. Apart from meta-lexicographic matters, also the views of the dictionary’s author were presented on selected points of dispute in the Polish spelling of the late 19th century and the methods of their realisation in dictionary entries. The analysis demonstrated that in terms of structure and informative contents, the dictionary does not differ significantly from numerous spelling dictionaries published in the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century, the characteristic feature of which was enriching pure spelling information with the content from other areas of grammar and language correctness.
Regulation of Rhcg, an ammonia transporter, by aldosterone in the kidney
Authors: Eguchi Koji , Izumi Yuichiro , Yasuoka Yukiko , Nakagawa Terumasa , Ono Makoto , Maruyama Kosuke , Matsuo Naomi , Hiramatsu Akiko , Inoue Hideki , Nakayama Yushi , Nonoguchi Hiroshi , Lee Hyun-Wook , Weiner I David , Kakizoe Yutaka , Kuwabara Takashige , Mukoyama Masashi
Published: March 2021

Rhesus C glycoprotein (Rhcg), an ammonia transporter, is a key molecule in urinary acid excretion and is expressed mainly in the intercalated cells (ICs) of the renal collecting duct. In the present study we investigated the role of aldosterone in the regulation of Rhcg expression. In in vivo experiments using C57BL/6J mice, Western blot analysis showed that continuous subcutaneous administration of aldosterone increased the expression of Rhcg in membrane fraction of the kidney. Supplementation of potassium inhibited the effect of aldosterone on the Rhcg. Next, mice were subjected to adrenalectomy with or without administration of aldosterone, and then ad libitum 0.14 M NH4Cl containing water was given. NH4Cl load increased the expression of Rhcg in membrane fraction. Adrenalectomy decreased NH4Cl-induced Rhcg expression, which was restored by administration of aldosterone. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that NH4Cl load induced the localization of Rhcg at the apical membrane of ICs in the outer medullary collecting duct. Adrenalectomy decreased NH4Cl-induced membrane localization of Rhcg, which was restored by administration of aldosterone. For in vitro experiments, IN-IC cells, an immortalized cell line stably expressing Flag-tagged Rhcg (Rhcg-Flag), were used. Western blot analysis showed that aldosterone increased the expression of Rhcg-Flag in membrane fraction, while the increase in extracellular potassium level inhibited the effect of aldosterone. Both spironolactone and Gӧ6983, a PKC inhibitor, inhibited the expression of Rhcg-Flag in the membrane fraction. These results suggest that aldosterone regulates the membrane expression of Rhcg through the mineralocorticoid receptor and PKC pathways, which is modulated by extracellular potassium level.
Preparation of an amphoteric lignin copolymer and its value in the papermaking industry
Authors: Liu Zhongming , Chao Gao , Chen Linlin , Dong Xinyu , Kong Fangong , Wang Shoujuan , Gibrill Magdi E. , Lucia Lucian , Fatehi Pedram
Published: March 2021

Lignin biomass is an important renewable woody material that can be converted into high value-added products through physical and chemical reactions, such as paper strength additives. In this study, a cationic methacryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride monomer (DMC) and anionic acrylic monomer (AA) were grafted onto softwood kraft lignin through free radical polymerization to prepare an amphoteric lignin copolymer. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), elemental analysis, and charge density analysis methods confirmed that the anionic and cationic monomers were successfully grafted onto the lignin. The grafting ratios of AA and DMC monomer in the lignin-DMC-AA copolymer were 62.4% and 51.3%, respectively. The application of lignin-DMC-AA copolymer as a paper additive for enhancing the physical properties of paper sheets was studied in the papermaking industry. The results indicated that the copolymer had a maximum increase in physical strength at around 2 wt% lignin-DMC-AA. The amount absorbed on the fibers was 18.5 mg/g, and the retention of the lignin-DMC-AA copolymer was over 90%.
A review on bio-based graphene derived from biomass wastes
Authors: Safian Muhammad Taqi-udeen , Haron Umirah Syafiqah , Mohamad Ibrahim Mohamad Nasir
Published: March 2021

Biomass waste has become a new source for producing graphene due to its carbon-rich structure and renewable nature. In this paper, the research on the conversion of bio-based graphene from different biomass wastes is summarised and discussed. This paper reviews the methods for converting biomass to bio-based graphene. There are two approaches for thermal degradation of biomass: thermal exfoliation and carbon growth. The purpose of the thermal treatment is to increase the carbon content by removing volatile matter from the biomass polymer chain. Pre-treatments that help to break down the complex structure of the biomass are discussed; pre-treatments also remove impurities from the said biomass. Lastly, the characteristics of bio-based graphene produced from different biomass and thermal treatments are summarised.
Effect of cellulose structure on enzymatic hydrolysis
Authors: Ioelovich Michael , Morag Ely
Published: March 2021

Enzymatic hydrolysis of non-dried and dried cellulose samples having various particles size, degree of polymerization, porosity, crystalline polymorph, and content of non-crystalline domains has been studied. Regression analysis was carried out to determine contribution of various structural features of cellulose samples to their hydrolysability. It was found that particle size, degree of polymerization, and crystalline polymorph had a negligible influence on the conversion degree of cellulose into glucose under the effect of the cellulolytic enzyme. Such characteristics as the pores volume had a fair impact on the conversion degree of cellulose. Drying of the wet samples caused decreasing of the hydrolysability of cellulose due to irreversible collapse of the pores volume. The content of non-crystalline domains (Ax) in cellulose had the highest effect on the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis and average conversion degree (αa) of cellulose into glucose. A linear dependence αa = f(Ax) was established both for dried and non-dried cellulose samples.
Neuronal apoptosis can be prevented by the combined therapy with melatonin and hypothermia in a neonatal rat model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
Authors: Toader Alina Mihaela , Hoteiuc Oana , Bidian Cristina , Oltean Dan-Daniel , Tabaran Flaviu , Grad Ovidiu , Clichici Simona , Mitrea Daniela Rodica
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Birth hypoxia is a leading cause of perinatal mortality and neurological morbidity, resulting in central nervous system injury. Cerebral hypoxia and ischemia can produce a severe brain damage following a typical pattern, defined by selective vulnerability of the brain regions. The neonates are most prone to hypoxic-ischemic injuries due to the lack of efficient antioxidant defense. Neonatal hypoxia–ischemia (HI) in a 7-day-old rat HI model can produce cell death by apoptotic or necrotic mechanisms. The degree of apoptotic or necrotic mechanisms responsible for cell death in neonatal hypoxia–ischemia are not very clear as yet. The form of neuronal death may also depend on the severity of ischemic injury. Necrosis predominates in more severe cases, whereas apoptosis occurs in areas with milder ischemic injury. A human study demonstrated apoptotic and necrotic forms of cell death after hypoxic injury, whereas in some brains from stillbirths, only apoptotic figures were observed. The expression of activated caspase-3 reflects the role of apoptosis in neonatal hypoxic ischemic brain injury.

Objectives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible neuroprotective effect of melatonin and hypothermia in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in newborn rats. Local damages induced by hypoxia and ischemia were assessed by evaluating the changes in terms of histology and apoptosis.

Methods. The experiment was conducted on 20 newborn Wistar rats premedicated for seven days with melatonin in a dose of 20 mg/kg/day. On the 7th postnatal day (P7), the newborn rats were exposed to ischemia (by clamping the right carotid artery) and hypobaric hypoxia (8% O2 for 90 minutes) and some groups to hypothermia.

Results. In this experimental model of neonatal encephalopathy, melatonin, in a dose of 20 mg/kg/day has neuroprotective effect by reducing the number of cells expressing apoptosis in Cornu Ammonis (CA) (Ammon’s Horn) CA1, CA2, CA3 and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus when combined with hypothermia.

Conclusion. The results of this study prove that melatonin is protective in ischemic-hypoxic brain injuries, but the protection is conditioned in most of the brain regions (excepting cerebral cortex) by conjugation with post-injury hypothermia treatment.