bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coloration Parsing and Transfer Design of Han Folk Costumes
Authors: Jia Jing , Xu Pinghua , Cui Rongrong , Cao Jingwen , Sun Xiaowan
Published: March 2023

Traditional Costume Color has significant value of transmission and regeneration in contemporary design. In this article, we propose an automatic color parsing and transfer design system that assists designers to realize the creative design of the pattern color matching based on different traditional costume images and recommend sequence color schemes. The design system includes three modules: color extraction, automatic coloration, and color matching evaluation module. The adaptive bipartite
k
-means clustering algorithm is utilized to extract colors of each sample costume, while the genetic algorithm is applied to generate the optimal color matching scheme, and designers can participate in the design to obtain a satisfied scheme. The evaluation model combines the aesthetic measurement formula and the aesthetic measure of color harmony to evaluate the coloration quality. In the experiment, Jiangnan Han folk costumes are chosen as typical source samples to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Results show that different number of extracted colors and patterns can efficiently realize automatic coloration and can provide auxiliary decision-making for pattern color design in the fashion industry.
Predictive Maintenance in the Military Domain: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Dalzochio Jovani , Kunst Rafael , Barbosa Jorge Luis Victória , Neto Pedro Clarindo da Silva , Pignaton Edison , ten Caten Carla Schwengber , da Penha Alex de Lima Teodoro
Published: March 2023

Military troops rely on maintenance management projects and operations to preserve the materials’ ordinary conditions or restore them to combat or military training. Maintenance management in the defense domain has its particularities, such as those related to the type of equipment operated, the environment and operating conditions, the need to maintain equipment readiness in cases of external aggression, and the security of the information. This study aims to understand the challenges, principles, scenarios, techniques, and open questions of predictive maintenance (PdM) in the military domain. We conducted a systematic literature review that resulted in the discussion of 43 articles, leading to the identification of 23 challenges and principles, 4 scenarios where predictive maintenance is crucial, besides discussing techniques used for PdM in the military domain. Our results contribute to understanding the perspective of PdM in the defense context.
Rotating Ring-Disk Electrode Voltammetry for Determining the COR–OER Selectivity in Seawater Electrolysis under Neutral to Alkaline Conditions
Authors: Fujita Wataru , Yamaguchi Maho , Tanaka Saki , Nakayama Masaharu
Published: March 2023

Hydrogen production through the direct electrolysis of seawater is gaining attention as a method for achieving carbon neutrality. The Cl⁻ anion oxidation reaction (COR) in seawater, which occurs at the counter electrode (anode) of hydrogen production and generates active chlorine species with a corrosive nature, should be suppressed as much as possible for hydrogen production and replaced with the oxidation of water, i.e., oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The COR and OER proceed competitively at the anode; however, no studies have separately investigated their behavior in a pH region close to that of seawater. This study uses a simple electrochemical method with a rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) to determine the independent behavior of COR and OER with respect to potential and pH in an aqueous NaCl solution, where IrO2 (COR dominant) and MnO2 (OER dominant) are used as catalysts. The results obtained based on the RRDE voltammetry in aqueous NaCl solutions at various pH values were consistent with the COR selectivity determined from product analysis. Thus, the described method will be a valid electrochemical protocol.
Review—Effects of Solution and Alloy Composition on Critical Crevice Temperature
Authors: Sridhar Narasi , Anderko Andrzej , Kung Steven
Published: March 2023

Critical temperature for localized corrosion can be a good design parameter because localized corrosion is not likely to occur below that temperature. The critical temperature depends on alloy composition, microstructure, and environment chemistry (including its redox potential). This paper reviews the literature on critical temperature for localized corrosion, expressed either as Critical Pitting Temperature (CPT) or Critical Crevice Temperature (CCT). A history of various testing methods is presented. Different approaches for modeling the temperature of transition to active pit growth are reviewed, including probabilistic aspects of critical temperature. A semi-empirical, electrolyte-based, model is described that can be useful in predicting CCT in service environments that differ from standard laboratory test environments. The model predictions are compared to experimental data for various alloys. The effect of solvent on CCT/CPT is described briefly and future avenues of research are recommended.
Metallic Implant Surface Activation through Electrospinning Coating of Nanocomposite Fiber for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Al-Khateeb Amjed , Al-Hassani Emad S. , Jabur Akram R.
Published: March 2023

There is a critical need in orthopedic and orthodontic clinics for enhanced implant-bone interface contact to facilitate the quick establishment of a strong and durable connection. Surface modification by bioactive multifunctional materials is a possible way to overcome the poor osteoconductivity and the potential infection of Ti-based implants. Ti-25Zr biometallic alloy was prepared by powder metallurgy technique and then coated by Nano-composite fiber using electrospinning. Ceramic Nanocompound (CaTiO3, BaTiO3) was used as filler material and individually added to polymeric matrices constructed from the blend of polycaprolactone/chitosan. Using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and wettability, respectively, the morphology, chemical analysis, surface roughness, and contact angle measurements of the samples were evaluated. The result shows a significant improvement in cell viability, proliferation, and ALP activity for coated samples compared to noncoated samples. PCL/Chitosan/Nano-CaTiO3 (CA1) recorded remarkable enhancement from the surface-coated samples, demonstrating a significantly higher cell viability value after seven days of MC3T3-E1 cell culture, reaching 271.56 ± 13.15%, and better cell differentiation with ALP activity reaching 5.61 ± 0.35 fold change for the same culture time. PCL/Chitosan/Nano-BaTiO3 (BA1) also shows significant improvement in cell viability by 181.63 ± 17.87% and has ALP activity of 3.97 ± 0.67 fold change. For coated samples, cell proliferation likewise exhibits a considerable temporal increase; the improvement reaches 237.53% for (CA1) and 125.16% for (BA1) in comparison with uncoated samples (bare Ti-25Zr). The coated samples resist bacteria in the antibacterial test compared to the noncoated samples with no inhibition zone. This behavior suggests that a Nanocomposite fiber coat containing an active ceramic Nanocompound (CaTiO3, BaTiO3) promotes cell growth and holds promise for orthodontic and orthopedic bioapplication.
Numerical Evaluation of Coolability Limits of External Reactor Vessel Cooling Using an Improved Thermal-Hydraulic System Analysis Code
Authors: Lee Yeon-Gun , Park Il Woong
Published: March 2023

The external reactor vessel cooling provides a means to stabilize the molten core inside the reactor vessel during the severe accident in nuclear power plants. For a credible evaluation of the chances of success of in-vessel melt retention, one requires high-fidelity predictions on the natural circulation flow around the reactor vessel and, in particular, the corresponding critical heat flux (CHF) on a hemispherical lower head. In this study, the coolability limit of external reactor vessel cooling in the Korean APR1400 reactor was investigated numerically by improving a thermal-hydraulic system analysis code, MARS-KS1.5. Since such system analysis codes did not incorporate a CHF model for a downward-facing hemisphere, three CHF correlations were newly implemented in the MARS-KS code, two of them taking into account the effect of the mass flux. A transient analysis on the CHF and surface heat flux on the lower head was carried out while the surrounding cooling water was heated to create the two-phase natural circulation flow. The heat transfer mode on the heated surface was used as a measure of evaluating the success of the strategy, and the simulation results were compared with those obtained via the default CHF model in the code. The sensitivity analysis on the heat load from the core melt was also performed.
LncRNA X Inactive Specific Transcript Exerts a Protective Effect on High Glucose-Induced Podocytes by Promoting the Podocyte Autophagy via miR-30d-5p/BECN-1 Axis
Authors: Cai Ying , Chen Sheng , Jiang Xiaoli , Wu Qiyuan , Xu Yong , Wang Fang
Published: March 2023

Inhibiting podocyte autophagy promotes the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). This study aims to explore the upstream regulatory mechanism of the autophagy-related gene BECN1 in high glucose (HG)-induced podocytes. C57BL/6 mice were treated with 50 mg/kg streptozotocin to construct a DN model. Biochemical indexes, pathological morphology of renal tissue, the morphology of renal podocytes, and the expressions of autophagy-related proteins in DN mice and normal mice were detected. The upstream miRNAs of BECN1 and the upstream long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) of miR-30d-5p were predicted by bioinformatics analysis and verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Mouse podocyte clone 5 (MPC5) cells were exposed to HG to construct a DN cell model. The levels of miR-30d-5p, X inactive specific transcript (XIST), and BECN1 in mouse kidney and MPC5 cells were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The regulation of XIST/miR-30d-5p on the viability, apoptosis as well as proteins related to apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and autophagy in MPC5 cells were determined by rescue experiments. The levels of glucose, urinary protein, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen were upregulated, but the kidney tissues and podocytes were damaged in DN mice. XIST targeted miR-30d-5p to promote viability while suppressing the apoptosis of HG-induced MPC5 cells. In kidney tissues or HG-induced MPC5 cells, the expressions of Beclin-1, light chain 3 (LC3) II/I, XIST, B-celllymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and E-cadherin were downregulated, while the expressions of

P
62

, miR-30d-5p, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), cleaved-caspase-3, vimentin, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were upregulated, which were reversed by XIST overexpression. The reversal effect of XIST overexpression was offset by miR-30d-5p mimic. Collectively, XIST promotes the autophagy of podocytes by regulating the miR-30d-5p/BECN1 axis to protect podocytes from HG-induced injury.
miR-19-3p Targets PTEN to Regulate Cervical Cancer Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Autophagy
Authors: Wang Wei , Liu Lu , Tian Yongjian
Published: March 2023

Background. Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide. Extensive studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNA/miR) can regulate the formation, progression, and metastasis of cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of miR-19-3p on the proliferation, invasion, and autophagy of cervical cancer cells and to explore the underlying mechanism. Methods. SiHa and HeLa cells were transfected with miR-19-3p mimic and inhibitor. miR-19-3p and PTEN expression were detected using real-time quantitative PCR and western blot, respectively. The binding between miR-19-3p and PTEN was predicted using Targetscan7.2 and verified by a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. The effects of miR-19-3p on cell invasion and proliferation were evaluated by Transwell assays and MTT, respectively. The effect of miR-19-3p on autophagy was observed using fluorescence microscopy. Results. The expression of miR-19-3p in cervical cancer tissues and SiHa and HeLa cells was significantly upregulated, whereas the expression of PTEN was significantly downregulated. PTEN was one of the direct targets of miR-19-3p. The miR-19-3p mimic significantly reduced the apoptosis rate and autophagy and promoted cell proliferation and invasion of the SiHa and HeLa cells. Conclusion. In summary, miR-19b-3p can target PTEN to regulate the proliferation, invasion, and autophagy of cervical cancer cells. Our findings indicate the potential of miR-19-3p as a target for cervical cancer treatment in the future.
Heparin-Binding Protein in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid as a Biomarker for Discriminating Severe Bacterial and Viral Pneumonia in Critically Ill Children
Authors: Huang Caizhi , Zhang Jie , Zhang Cong , Zhang Ping , Mo Liya
Published: March 2023

Objective. This study is aimed at exploring the ability to use heparin-binding protein (HBP) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) to differentially diagnose bacterial infection from viral infection for severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in critically ill children. Methods. A total of 181 children with severe CAP admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) were included in this study. BALF and blood samples were collected within the first 24 hours of admission. BALF HBP and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations and neutrophil percentage (N%) as well as blood HBP, IL-6, procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein, white blood cell concentrations and N% were measured. Results. Of the enrolled children, 126 were confirmed to have bacterial pneumonia, and 55 were confirmed to have viral pneumonia. Blood HBP and PCT concentrations and N% and BALF HBP and IL-6 concentrations and N% were significantly higher in bacterial pneumonia than in viral pneumonia (

P
<
0.05

). In the bacterial pneumonia group, HBP and IL-6 concentrations and N% in BALF samples were all significantly higher than those in blood samples (

P
<
0.001

), and BALF HBP and IL-6 concentrations and N% were correlated with blood HBP and IL-6 concentrations and N%, respectively (

r
=
0.439

, 0.250, and 0.235,

P
<
0.01

). BALF N% and blood N% were both correlated with BALF HBP concentrations and blood HBP concentrations, respectively (

r
=
0.622

and 0.346,

P
<
0.001

). ROC analysis revealed that BALF HBP showed the best ability to predict bacterial pneumonia, with an area under the curve of 0.994, a sensitivity of 95.24%, and a specificity of 100.00% at its optimal cutoff value of 74.05 ng/mL. Conclusion. BALF HBP might be a promising biomarker for the early discrimination of bacterial infection from viral infection in critically ill children with severe CAP.
Color Stability of Rhodium-Coated Archwire after Immersion in Mouthwashes
Authors: Al-Joubori Sami Kadhum , Al-Mashhadany Sara M. , Albo Hassan Alaa Faleh
Published: March 2023

Background. Is to evaluate the color stability of rhodium-coated aesthetic archwires after immersion in two types of mouthwashes (fluoridated and nonfluoridated), study the effect of immersion time, and to compare the effect of these solutions on color stability of the aesthetic archwires. Materials and Methods. 35 rhodium-coated aesthetic archwires were prepared and divided two halves, arranged in seven strips (each strip contains 10 wires) and immersed in Deionized water, Sidrazac and Biofresh solution. The measurements of the color have been carried out through a computed spectrophotometer based on Commission Internationale de I’Eclairage

L

∗

a

∗

b

∗

system, and color variations (Δ

E

∗

), color measurements were repeated 7 and 21 days after immersion in the solution. Statistical analyses include mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, and inferential statistics which include ANOVA and Tukey (HSD) for testing for any statistically significant differences in light reflection of the groups; t-test was used to test for differences in immersion time intervals. The significance level has been set at

P
≤
0.05

. Results. Both types of mouthwashes resulted in color changes in different degrees and a higher color instability amount has been noted with Sidrazac-fluoridated mouthwashes, The color change amount has been increased with the time being statistically higher in 3 weeks of immersion, while there is nonsignificant color change after immersion in the Biofresh mouthwash. Conclusion.Rhodium-coated archwire shows high color changes in Sidrazac-fluoridated mouthwashes and nonsignificant color change after immersion in the Biofresh mouthwash.
An Improved YOLOv5 Network for Detection of Printed Circuit Board Defects
Authors: Niu Jie , Li Hongyan , Chen Xu , Qian Kun
Published: March 2023

With the rapid development of China’s printed circuit board industry, bare‐board defect detection has high research and application values as an important factor in improving production quality. In this paper, a new detection method based on YOLOv5 is proposed to solve the balance problem of efficiency and performance in the task of circuit board defect detection. First, the k‐means++ method is used to improve the location matching of the prior anchor boxes. Second, the Focal‐EIOU loss function is used instead of GIOU to address the former’s degeneration issue. Finally, the ECA‐Net module is added to enhance the sensitivity of the model to channel features. Experiments were conducted on a public defect dataset, and superior performance was achieved. The proposed method achieves 99.1% mean average precision at 86 frames per second. Compared with other advanced methods, the proposed method achieves the highest mean average precision value, and the detection speed allows real‐time applications.
Differentiation of Myoblasts in Culture: Focus on Serum and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
Authors: Sibgatullina Guzel , Al Ebrahim Rahaf , Gilizhdinova Karina , Tokmakova Anna , Malomouzh Artem
Published: March 2023

There are many facts about the possible role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the development and differentiation of cells not only in nervous but also in muscle tissue. In the present study, a primary culture of rat skeletal muscle myocytes was used to evaluate the correlation between the content of GABA in the cytoplasm and the processes of myocyte division and their fusion into myotubes. The effect of exogenous GABA on the processes of culture development was also estimated. Since the classical protocol for working with myocyte cultures involves the use of fetal bovine serum (FBS) to stimulate cell division (growth medium) and horse serum (HS) to activate the differentiation process (differentiation medium), the studies were carried out both in the medium with FBS and with HS. It was found that cells grown in medium supplemented with FBS contain more GABA compared to cultures growing in medium supplemented with HS. Addition of exogeneous GABA leads to a decrease in the number of myotubes formed in both media, while the addition of an amino acid to the medium supplemented with HS had a more pronounced inhibitory effect. Thus, we have obtained data indicating that GABA is able to participate in the early stages of skeletal muscle myogenesis by modulating the fusion process.
Comparison of Survival and Retention Rates between Infliximab and Adalimumab for Psoriasis: 10-Year Experience at a Single Tertiary Center
Authors: Onsun Nahide , Güneş Begüm , Kaya Gökhan , Güçkan Işık Bengisu , Yabacı Tak Ayşegül
Published: March 2023

Background: Ten-year survival and retention rate data on biologics are extremely limited, and there is a need to evaluate these metrics based on real-world data as well as on the results of clinical studies. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the long-term survival rates of adalimumab and infliximab in real-life practice. Methods: This study is based on data from the Turkish Psoriasis Registry and the digital records of the Medical School of Bezmialem Vakif University. Baseline data including demographic characteristics, duration of treatment, use of combination treatments, modified regimens, and reasons for treatment termination were extracted. Results: In total, 404 patients (228 on adalimumab and 176 on infliximab) treated between July 1, 2005, and December 31, 2020, were identified. The retention rate was 7.4% for infliximab and 3.5% for adalimumab after 10 years (p = 0.85). Conclusions: The efficacy of infliximab and adalimumab diminishes over time. There were no significant differences in the retention rate between the two drugs, but the survival time was longer for infliximab according to Kaplan-Meier analysis.
Comparative study of ensemble deep learning models to determine the classification of turtle species
Authors: Faurina Ruvita , Wijanarko Andang , Heryuanti Aknia Faza , Ishak Sahrial Ihsani , Agustian Indra
Published: March 2023

Sea turtles are reptiles listed on the international union for conservation of nature (IUCN) red list of threatened species and the convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora (CITES) Appendix I as species threatened with extinction. Sea turtles are nearly extinct due to natural predators and people who are frequently incorrect or even ignorant in determining which turtles should not be caught. The aim of this study was to develop a classification system to help classify sea turtle species. Therefore, the ensemble deep learning of convolutional neural network (CNN) method based on transfer learning is proposed for the classification of turtle species found in coastal communities. In this case, there are five well-known CNN models (VGG-16, ResNet-50, ResNet-152, Inception-V3, and DenseNet201). Among the five different models, the three most successful were selected for the ensemble method. The final result is obtained by combining the predictions of the CNN model with the ensemble method during the test. The evaluation result shows that the VGG16 - DenseNet201 ensemble is the best ensemble model, with accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-Score values of 0.74, 0.75, 0.74, and 0.76, respectively. This result also shows that this ensemble model outperforms the original model.
The antecedent e-government quality for public behaviour intention, and extended expectation-confirmation theory
Authors: Hariguna Taqwa , Rahardja Untung , Aini Qurotul
Published: March 2023

An The main objective of the study is to identify the antecedent of leadership quality, public satisfaction and public behaviour intention of e-government service. Also, this study integrated e-government quality to expectation-confirmation model. In order to achieve these goals, observational research was then carried out to collect primary information, using the method of data dissemination and obtaining the opinion of 360 from the public using the e-government service and some of the e-government and software quality experts. The results of the study show that the positive association among the e-government services quality and public perceived usefulness, public expectation confirmation, leadership quality and public satisfaction that also play a positive role on the public behavior intention.
Key-frame extraction based video watermarking using speeded up robust features and discrete cosine transform
Authors: Kapre Bhagyashri S. , Rajurkarb Archana M.
Published: March 2023

Due to advancements in the internet and multimedia technologies, unauthorised users can easily modify video content. As a result, video authentication has been established as a viable solution for ensuring multimedia security. We propose a key-frame based video watermarking scheme based on discrete cosine transform (DCT). First, the pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) is used to detect the shot boundaries of the input video. To reduce the difficulties created by traditional video watermarking systems; an entropy measure is employed to detect key-frames from input video. Traditional schemes entail embedding the entire watermark into all frames of the video, which is inefficient and time-consuming. To improve the security, robustness, and imperceptibility of the proposed video watermarking scheme, speeded up robust feature points are extracted from each key-frame of the shot and used as reference points for embedding and detection of watermark. The embedded watermark is extracted blindly without using the original data during the extraction process. The results of the experiments reveal that the proposed technique effectively detects shot boundaries under a variety of camera operations and outperforms in terms of imperceptibility and resilience.
Novel Calmodulin Variant p.E46K Associated With Severe Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia Produces Robust Arrhythmogenicity in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Gao Jingshan , Makiyama Takeru , Yamamoto Yuta , Kobayashi Takuya , Aoki Hisaaki , Maurissen Thomas L. , Wuriyanghai Yimin , Kashiwa Asami , Imamura Tomohiko , Aizawa Takanori , Huang Hai , Kohjitani Hirohiko , Nishikawa Misato , Chonabayashi Kazuhisa , Fukuyama Megumi , Manabe Hiromi , Nakau Kouichi , Wada Tsutomu , Kato Koichi , Toyoda Futoshi , Yoshida Yoshinori , Makita Naomasa , Woltjen Knut , Ohno Seiko , Kurebayashi Nagomi , Murayama Takashi , Sakurai Takashi , Horie Minoru , Kimura Takeshi
Published: March 2023

Background:

CaM (calmodulin) is a ubiquitously expressed, multifunctional Ca
2+
sensor protein that regulates numerous proteins. Recently, CaM missense variants have been identified in patients with malignant inherited arrhythmias, such as long QT syndrome and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). However, the exact mechanism of CaM-related CPVT in human cardiomyocytes remains unclear. In this study, we sought to investigate the arrhythmogenic mechanism of CPVT caused by a novel variant using human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) models and biochemical assays.

Methods:

We generated iPSCs from a patient with CPVT bearing
CALM2
p.E46K. As comparisons, we used 2 control lines including an isogenic line, and another iPSC line from a patient with long QT syndrome bearing
CALM2
p.N98S (also reported in CPVT). Electrophysiological properties were investigated using iPSC-cardiomyocytes. We further examined the RyR2 (ryanodine receptor 2) and Ca
2+
affinities of CaM using recombinant proteins.

Results:

We identified a novel de novo heterozygous variant,
CALM2
p.E46K, in 2 unrelated patients with CPVT accompanied by neurodevelopmental disorders. The E46K-cardiomyocytes exhibited more frequent abnormal electrical excitations and Ca
2+
waves than the other lines in association with increased Ca
2+
leakage from the sarcoplasmic reticulum via RyR2. Furthermore, the [
3
H]ryanodine binding assay revealed that E46K-CaM facilitated RyR2 function especially by activating at low [Ca
2+
] levels. The real-time CaM-RyR2 binding analysis demonstrated that E46K-CaM had a 10-fold increased RyR2 binding affinity compared with wild-type CaM which may account for the dominant effect of the mutant CaM. Additionally, the E46K-CaM did not affect CaM-Ca
2+
binding or L-type calcium channel function. Finally, antiarrhythmic agents, nadolol and flecainide, suppressed abnormal Ca
2+
waves in E46K-cardiomyocytes.

Conclusions:

We, for the first time, established a CaM-related CPVT iPSC-CM model which recapitulated severe arrhythmogenic features resulting from E46K-CaM dominantly binding and facilitating RyR2. In addition, the findings in iPSC-based drug testing will contribute to precision medicine.
Prehospital Stroke Care Part 2: On-Scene Evaluation and Management by Emergency Medical Services Practitioners
Authors: Richards Christopher T. , Oostema J. Adam , Chapman Sherita N. , Mamer Lauren E. , Brandler Ethan S. , Alexandrov Anne W. , Czap Alexandra L. , Martinez-Gutierrez Juan Carlos , Martin-Gill Christian , Panchal Ashish R. , McMullan Jason T. , Zachrison Kori S.
Published: March 2023

The prehospital phase is a critical component of delivering high-quality acute stroke care. This topical review discusses the current state of prehospital acute stroke screening and transport, as well as new and emerging advances in prehospital diagnosis and treatment of acute stroke. Topics include prehospital stroke screening, stroke severity screening, emerging technologies to aid in the identification and diagnosis of acute stroke in the prehospital setting, prenotification of receiving emergency departments, decision support for destination determination, and the capabilities and opportunities for prehospital stroke treatment in mobile stroke units. Further evidence-based guideline development and implementation of new technologies are critical for ongoing improvements in prehospital stroke care.
Interdecadal Change of Tropical Cyclone Translation Speed during Peak Season in South China Sea: Observed Evidence, Model Results, and Possible Mechanism
Authors: Shan Kaiyue , Chu Pao-Shin , Yu Xiping
Published: March 2023

Long-term variations in the translation speed of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the South China Sea (SCS) are examined based on five TC datasets from different institutions. TC translation speed during the TC peak season in the SCS shows an evident rhythm of interdecadal change throughout 1977–2020. This interdecadal change in TC translation speed in the SCS can be well reproduced by a newly developed trajectory model. The model results indicate that the interdecadal change in TC translation speed is primarily due to an interdecadal change in the steering flow in the SCS. Such an interdecadal change in the steering flow is closely related to an east–west shift of the subtropical high in the western North Pacific (WNP) ocean basin, which may be driven by the zonal sea surface temperature (SST) gradient between the north Indian (NI) and WNP ocean basins. A new index of the zonal SST gradient is proposed, which is shown to be effective for indicating the interdecadal change in east–west shift of subtropical high, and thus, the TC translation speed in the SCS.

Significance Statement

Identification of the prevailing trend of tropical cyclone activities due to climate change has been a challenging subject of scientific studies in recent years. This research focuses on the long-term variability of the tropical cyclone translation speed in the South China Sea. It is demonstrated that there is evidently an interdecadal rhythm for variation of the tropical cyclone translation speed in the South China Sea, and this variation can be well reproduced using a newly developed trajectory model. Based on the simulation results, the possible mechanism for this variation is also elucidated.
A Periodically Updated Adaptive Sampling Framework for Marine Mobile Observation Platforms
Authors: Zhao Yuxin , Zhao Hengde , Deng Xiong
Published: March 2023

While numerical models have been developed for several years, some of these have been applied to ocean-state sampling. Adaptive sampling deploys limited assets using prior information; then, observation assets are concentrated in areas of greater sampling value, which is very suitable for an extensive and dynamic marine environment. The improved resolution allows numerical models to be used on mobile platforms. However, the existing adaptive sampling framework for mobile platforms lacks regular interaction with the numerical model. And the observation scheme is easy to deviate from the optimal. This study sets up a closed-loop adaptive sampling framework for mobile platforms that realizes the optimization of model → sampling → model. Linking a coupled model with the sampling points of the mobile platforms, the adaptive method configures key sampling locations to determine when and where the sampling schemes are adjusted. With the aid of a coupled model, we selected an optimization algorithm for the framework and simulated the process under the twin experimental framework. This research provides theoretical technical support for the combination of model and mobile sampling platforms.

Significance Statement

The ocean is very difficult to observe because it is so vast. How to deploy observing assets is a question worth investigating. We designed an adaptive sampling framework for mobile observing platforms to improve the prediction accuracy of numerical models. This framework uses the prediction to design the observation scheme, then the observation to update the prediction, and then the updated prediction to adjust the sampling scheme, which achieves closed-loop optimization. We first selected an optimization algorithm for this framework by comparing experiments. Based on the optimization algorithm, we simulated the closed-loop optimization process. Simulation results show that this framework can significantly increase the efficiency of long-term ocean observations with mobile devices.
The Vagus Nerve Mediates Gut-Brain Response to Duodenal Nutrient Administration
Authors: Ross Robert C. , He Yanlin , Townsend R. Leigh , Schauer Philip R. , Berthoud Hans-Rudolph , Morrison Christopher D. , Albaugh Vance L.
Published: March 2023

Background

Obesity contributes significant disease burden worldwide, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. While bariatric surgery is the most effective and durable obesity treatment, the mechanisms underlying its effects remain unknown. Although neuro-hormonal mechanisms have been suspected to mediate at least some of the gut-brain axis changes following bariatric surgery, studies examining the intestine and its regionally specific post-gastric alterations to these signals remain unclear.

Materials and methods

Vagus nerve recording was performed following the implantation of duodenal feeding tubes in mice. Testing conditions and measurements were made under anesthesia during baseline, nutrient or vehicle solution delivery, and post-delivery. Solutions tested included water, glucose, glucose with an inhibitor of glucose absorption (phlorizin), and a hydrolyzed protein solution.

Results

Vagus nerve signaling was detectable from the duodenum and exhibited stable baseline activity without responding to osmotic pressure gradients. Duodenal-delivered glucose and protein robustly increased vagus nerve signaling, but increased signaling was abolished during the co-administration of glucose and phlorizin.

Discussion

Gut-brain communication via the vagus nerve emanating from the duodenum is nutrient sensitive and easily measurable in mice. Examination of these signaling pathways may help elucidate how the nutrient signals from the intestine are altered when applied to obesity and bariatric surgery mouse models. Future studies will address quantifying the changes in neuroendocrine nutrient signals in health and obesity, with specific emphasis on identifying the changes associated with bariatric surgery and other gastrointestinal surgery.
Traumatic Amputation From a Rollover Farming Incident in a 16-Year-Old
Authors: Kim Esther J. , Michels Ryan , Schiffer Herbert , Musso Michael , Ong Adrian , Geng Thomas , Butts Christopher A.
Published: March 2023

There is very little literature on the overall management of adolescent traumatic amputation, specifically of the lower extremity. We present a case involving an adolescent patient involved in an industrial farm tractor rollover with substantial crush and degloving injuries requiring bilateral lower extremity amputations. The patient was initially assessed and acutely managed in the field before arriving at an adult level 1 trauma center having two right lower extremity tourniquets already applied and a pelvic binder in place. During his hospitalization, he was revised to bilateral above-knee amputations that required multiple debridements prior to being transferred to a pediatric trauma center due to the extent of the soft tissue injury and need for flap coverage. Our adolescent patient presented with an uncommon injury mechanism resulting in significantly mangled lower extremities highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in all aspects of the patient’s prehospital, intrahospital, and posthospital care.
Injury Patterns Associated With Electronic Scooter Crashes: An Institutional Observational Study
Authors: Rickelmann Andrew D. , Nguyen Tuan M. , Martyak Michael T.
Published: March 2023

With the rising popularity of electronic scooters, an increase in trauma and injuries related to these scooters has been observed. The objective of this study was to evaluate all electronic scooter-related traumas at our institution to characterize common injuries and educate the public around the safety of these scooters. We constructed a retrospective review of patients evaluated by the trauma service at Sentara Norfolk General Hospital with documented electronic scooter trauma. In our study, subjects were primarily male, typically between the ages of 24 and 64. The most commonly observed injuries were soft tissue, orthopedic, and maxillofacial in nature. Nearly half (45.1%) of subjects required admission, and thirty injuries (29.4%) required operative intervention. Alcohol use was not associated with the rate of admission or operative intervention. The benefits of easily accessible transportation offered by electronic scooters must be considered in context with the health risks when conducting future research.
An observational study of replicate faecal immunochemical tests in the urgently referred symptomatic cohort
Authors: Farkas Nicholas G , O’Brien James , Whyte Martin , Jourdan Iain , Rockall Tim , Benton Sally C
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Triage of patients with suspected colorectal cancer (CRC) utilises a single faecal immunochemical test (FIT) at a defined threshold. Limited evidence exists regarding whether replicate FIT improves the positive and negative predictive value in symptomatic patients. This study examines urgently referred symptomatic patients undergoing replicate FIT. Primary aim is to assess two FITs and CRC/serious bowel disease. Secondary aims are to determine correlation and utility of replicate FIT.

Methodology

Patients carried out one additional FIT during COVID-19 pandemic. FIT 1 and FIT 2 (the replicate sample) were analysed in relation to symptoms, diagnoses, investigations, future colonoscopy and missed CRC. Study period was 01/03/2020–31/07/2020. Three subgroups were compared; double positive (≥10 μg Hb/g faeces), double negative, and discordant FIT (one positive).

Results

111 patients had replicate FIT (50 male, 61 female). 43 (38.7%) patients had double negative, 32 (28.8%) double positive and 36 (32.4%) had discordant FITs. Median time between FITs was 14 days (IQR = 11–19). 83% of double positive patients underwent colonoscopy/virtual colonoscopy (61% in double negative patients). Six CRC and one high-risk polyp were in double positive patients (none in other groups). One discordant patient was not investigated and a CRC missed.

Conclusions

Replicate FIT as a triage strategy appears most effective where both FITs are negative. CRC risk is low when FIT results are discordant. Double negative FITs are reassuring given benign associated diagnoses, or for patients where endoscopic investigation is high-risk. Larger studies are required to evaluate discordant FITs, enabling refinement of urgent investigation pathways.
Systematic Theory Mapping: Deciphering Causal Complexity of Brand Externalities
Authors: Padela Shoaib M. Farooq , Wooliscroft Ben , Ganglmair-Wooliscroft Alexandra
Published: March 2023

This paper presents Systematic Theory Mapping (STM), a comprehensive and systematic method, as the first step toward defining and dealing with complex and wicked problems. Social systems exhibit a messy, multifaceted, and multi-level composite of problems characterized by causal complexities and non-linear interactions of numerous contributing variables. Exploring such a wicked composite of problems for causal explanations and theory building through reductionist empiricism is unrealistic, expensive, and futile. Systems thinking is required to understand the configurations driving wicked problems and navigate their causal complexities. We construed brand externalities as a wicked problem and provided an illustrative example for STM. A systematic narrative review is used to amalgamate diverse stakeholder perspectives and capture the structures and processes that generate brand externalities. System dynamics, employing a causal loop diagram, is used to organize the findings and develop a causal theory of brand externalities. The proposed method can help scholars, managers, and policymakers better define complex managerial and social problems and identify the likely consequences of their actions.
Immobilization in External Rotation Versus Arthroscopic Stabilization After Primary Anterior Shoulder Dislocation: A Systematic Review of Level 1 and 2 Studies
Authors: Potyk Andrew G. , Belk John W. , Bravman Jonathan T. , Seidl Adam J. , Frank Rachel M. , McCarty Eric C.
Published: March 2023

Background:

Arthroscopic stabilization has been established as a superior treatment option for primary glenohumeral instability when compared with immobilization in internal rotation. However, immobilization in external rotation (ER) has recently gained interest as a viable nonoperative treatment option for patients with shoulder instability.

Purpose:

To compare the rates of recurrent instability and subsequent surgery in patients undergoing treatment for primary anterior shoulder dislocation with arthroscopic stabilization versus immobilization in ER.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

A systematic review was performed by searching PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase to identify studies that’evaluated patients being treated for primary anterior glenohumeral dislocation with either arthroscopic stabilization or immobilization in ER. The search phrase used various combinations of the keywords/phrases “primary closed reduction,”“anterior shoulder dislocation,”“traumatic,”“primary,”“treatment,”“management,”“immobilization,”“external rotation,”“surgical,”“operative,”“nonoperative,” and “conservative.” Inclusion criteria included patients undergoing treatment for primary anterior glenohumeral joint dislocation with either immobilization in ER or arthroscopic stabilization. Rates of recurrent instability, subsequent stabilization surgery, return to sports, positive postintervention apprehension tests, and patient-reported outcomes were evaluated.

Results:

The 30 studies that met inclusion criteria included 760 patients undergoing arthroscopic stabilization (mean age, 23.1 years; mean follow-up time, 55.1 months) and 409 patients undergoing immobilization in ER (mean age, 29.8 years; mean follow-up time, 28.8 months). Overall, 8.8% of operative patients experienced recurrent instability at latest follow-up compared with 21.3% of patients who had undergone ER immobilization ( P < .0001). Similarly, 5.7% of operative patients had undergone a subsequent stabilization procedure at latest follow-up compared with 11.3% of patients who had undergone ER immobilization ( P = .0015). A higher rate of return to sports was found in the operative group ( P < .05), but no other differences were found between groups.

Conclusion:

Patients undergoing arthroscopic treatment for primary anterior glenohumeral dislocation with arthroscopic stabilization can be expected to experience significantly lower rates of recurrent instability and subsequent stabilization procedures compared with patients undergoing ER immobilization.
The Jamaica discipline and the epochal nature of English Atlantic privateering and piracy, 1660–1726
Authors: Jopling Nathan T.
Published: March 2023

The idea of the ‘Jamaica discipline’ suggests that all Anglo-American privateering and pirate groups operating between 1660 and 1726 were linked via a common set of ideas, such as democracy and an aversion to Caribbean elites. The idea has been influential in shaping both scholarly and popular perceptions of seventeenth-century privateers and eighteenth-century pirates. This article argues that the Jamaica discipline is not applicable to seventeenth-century privateers, but rather creates a fundamental misunderstanding of them. Seventeenth-century privateers were not as unified as the idea of them having a discipline suggests. They were not nearly as radical as the discipline posits, yet they did have a set of social norms that developed over the period. The article suggests that the notion of a ‘discipline’ that united pirates and privateers across the 1660–1726 period should be jettisoned, as it oversimplifies the complexities that dictated the presence of different social norms in the period.
Characterizing the Influence of Exposure to Military Sexual Trauma and Intimate Partner Violence on Mental Health Outcomes among Female Veterans
Authors: Esopenko Carrie , de Souza Nicola , Wilde Elisabeth A. , Dams-O’Connor Kristen , Teng Ellen , Menefee Deleene S.
Published: March 2023

Military sexual trauma (MST) has deleterious long-term psychological consequences. Among female U.S. military members, MST is associated with increased risk for future interpersonal victimization, such as experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV). Few studies have investigated the implications of the cumulative effects of IPV and MST on psychological functioning. This study examined rates of co-exposure to MST, IPV, and their cumulative impact on psychological symptoms. Data were collected from 308 female Veterans (FVets; age: M = 42, SD = 10.4) enrolled in an inpatient trauma-focused treatment program in a Veterans Administration (VA) hospital. Data were collected at program admission on symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and current suicidal ideation. Lifetime trauma exposure was assessed using semi-structured interviews that identified adverse childhood events (ACEs) and combat theater deployment as well as MST and IPV. Group differences on psychological symptoms were examined among those exposed to MST, IPV, MST + IPV, and compared to FVets with ACEs or combat exposure, but no other adulthood interpersonal trauma (NAIT). Half of the sample (51%) reported experiencing both MST and IPV, approximately 29% reported MST, 10% reported IPV, and 10% reported NAIT. FVets in the MST + IPV group had worse PTSD and depression symptoms than either the MST or IPV groups. The NAIT group had the lowest scores on these measures. There were no group differences in current suicidal ideation; however, 53.5% reported at least one previous suicide attempt. FVets in this sample reported significant lifetime exposure to MST and IPV, with the majority having experienced MST + IPV. Exposure to MST + IPV was associated with greater PTSD and depression symptom severity, yet an overwhelming proportion reported current and past suicidal ideation regardless of trauma exposure history. These results demonstrate the importance of assessing for lifetime interpersonal trauma history when developing and providing mental and medical health interventions for FVets.
Preparation of phthalonitrile resins containing siloxane linkages with improved processability
Authors: Yin Weihao , Sang Xiaoming , Dong Jinghui , Chen Zhen , Chen Xinggang
Published: March 2023

To improve the processability of biphenyl phthalonitrile resin, a flexible siloxane structure was introduced into the phthalonitrile monomer through molecular design, which was then blended with a biphenyl monomer to prepare phthalonitrile alloy resins. When the ratio of phthalonitrile monomer containing flexible siloxane to biphenyl phthalonitrile monomer was 1:1, the processing window widened from 58 to 110°C, as compared to that of biphenyl phthalonitrile. Due to the introduction of the biphenyl structure into the phthalonitrile alloy resins, the initial decomposition temperature of the silicon-containing phthalonitrile resin increased from 385 to 516°C. More importantly, the phthalonitrile alloy resin exhibited a high bending strength (66 MPa) and bending modulus (3762 MPa), indicating that it could be potentially applied as high temperature structural composite matrices. Furthermore, it provides a new strategy for processing phthalonitrile resins with a high melting point and narrow processing window.