bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ascertaining Optimum Pyrolysis Conditions for Biochar Production from Maple Sawdust
Authors: Bello A. , Mohammed A. , Manase A. , Abdullahi A.
Published: January 2022

Sawdust is a bi-product from wood processing industries. In the recent time, pyrolysis of organic waste is an emerging technology where biochar can be produced and used for carbon sequestration. In that respect, the aim of the present work was to ascertaining optimum pyrolysis conditions in producing sawdust biochar (SBC) for the said uses. The raw material was collected from Belad furniture industry because of their specialization in furniture work and large volume availability. The proximate and ultimate analysis of 3.56% moisture, 1.49% ash content, 72.32% carbon and 0.19% surphur confirmed its good candidature for biochar production. The pyrolysis experiment was carried out by using six combination each of temperature (400, 450, 500, 550, 600 and 650°C), nitrogen flow rates (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0L/mins) and residence times (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60mins). Analysis of resulted biochar was done according to IBI standard. Results showed that the three factors decrease the yield of biochar at their increasing values. SBC yield being optimum at temperature of 400°C, 10 min residence time and 1.0L/min nitrogen flow rate.
Response of Organic Manure and Azotobacter on Quality and Leaf Nutrient Status of Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) Cv. Winter Dawn
Authors: Reddy G. Chandramohan , Goyal R. K. , Godara A. K.
Published: January 2022

The field experiment was conducted during two subsequent years, i.e., 2017-18 and 2018-19 at the Department of Horticulture, Hisar with aim to study the effect of organic manures and Azotobacter on quality and leaf nutrient status of strawberry cv. Winter Dawn under hi-tech greenhouse conditions of Haryana. In this experiment, organic manures in combination with biofertilizers comprised of nine treatments, viz., T1: Sand: FYM (3:1), T2: Sand: FYM (2:1), T3: Sand: Vermicompost (3:1), T4: Sand: Vermicompost (2:1), T5: Sand: FYM (3:1) + Azotobacter, T6: Sand: FYM (2:1) + Azotobacter, T7: Sand: Vermicompost (3:1) + Azotobacter. T8: Sand: Vermicompost (2:1) + Azotobacter and T9: Control (Sand); were tested as potting media in complete randomized block design. Maximum TSS, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin content and minimum acidity content and leaf with maximum N, P and K content were observed under sand: vermicompost (2:1) + Azotobacter in comparison to the other treatments. The results of this experiment revealed that, the combination of sand: vermicompost (2:1) with Azotobacter showed significant influence on leaf nutrient content of strawberry and produced better results with respect to quality of strawberry fruits.
Genetic Stability of TGMS Hybrids in Dry Direct Seeded Rice
Authors: Rudresh N. S. , Jayamani P. , Vijayakumar E. , Manonmani S. , Gangashetti Mahantesh , Jeyakumar P. , Latha K. R.
Published: January 2022

Rice is a water-loving crop and traditionally sown in the nursery and then transplanted to the puddled and waterlogged main field. Owing to climate change, water scarcity and labour shortage problems, rice is now cultivated in the dry direct seeded method. Owing to potential of hybrid rice in increasing both rice production and productivity, many countries are focusing on exploiting the benefits of this technology. To break the yield plateau in rice cultivation, Thermosensitive Genetic Male Sterile (TGMS) hybrids were found to be very effective. In the present study, 41 TGMS hybrids and 9 checks were evaluated for their stability and adaptability by dry direct seeded method in four locations viz., E1 - Allahabad, E2 - Lucknow, E3 - Dhamtari and E4 - Raipur. The TGMS hybrid G44 was predicted as an ideal hybrid by the GGE stability model that possessed high grain yield and stable performance over environments. It was followed by hybrids viz., G10, G14, G34, G11, G20 and G47 that had a stable performance with high yield. Hence, these TGMS hybrids were identified as high and stable yielders across environments and suitable for dry direct seeded rice ecosystems. Among the environments, E1 (Allahabad) and E4 (Raipur) were considered favourable environments as they possessed the highest discriminating power. The hybrids identified in the study can be utilized for breaking the yield barriers in rice and can be recommended for dry direct seeding in marginal and rainfed areas.
Role of Oxidative Stress as a Marker of Cardiovascular Risk in Children on Regular Hemodialysis
Authors: Abrar Muhammad , Nadeem Mazhar , Fatima Sunila
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem worldwide, and its main consequences include loss of renal function leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), significant increase in morbidity and mortality, and a decrease in health-related quality of life.

Aims and Objectives: The basic aim of the study is to analyze the oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity as a biomarker of cardiovascular risk in those children who are on regular hemodialysis.

Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at DHQ hospital, Faisalabad during July 2020 to January 2021. The data were collected from the age of less than 18 years children of both sexes. There were 50 children who was selected for this study. At the time of the study, all the patients were on regular three HD sessions per week. In HD patients, venous blood samples were drawn immediately before and after hemodialysis session. Baseline laboratory investigations were carried out for all patients and controls including complete blood count, serum urea and creatinine, arterial pH, arterial blood gases and infection screening, which included blood and urinary cultures by standard methods. 

Results: The data were collected from 50 dialysis patients. The mean age of this study is 15years. We collected all the demographic data of patients. The mean value of Urea is 64.34±2.44 mg/dl). At before-dialysis session, duration of disease positively correlated with TPX (r = 0.969, P <0.001), but, negatively correlated with TAC (r = −0.469, P <0.002). At after-dialysis session, HIF-1α negatively correlated with each of TPX (r = −0.529, P <0.001) and OSI (r = −0.459, P <0.003); while, OSI positively correlated with TPX (r = 0.944, P <0.001).

Conclusion: It is concluded that HD patients, the clinical and prognostic significance of oxidative status associated with cardiovascular risk factors is very different from the general population. Although a direct causality cannot be inferred from such kind of correlative investigations.
Frequency of Hypomagnesaemia in Children with Hypocalcemic Seizures
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad , Shaikh Farzana , Radhan Abdul Hameed , Chohan Muhammad Nadeem , Khoso Khuda Bux , Nizamani Muhammad Akbar
Published: January 2022

Aim: To determine the frequency of hypomagnesaemia in children with hypocalcemic seizures.

Study Design:  Cross sectional descriptive study.

Place and Duration: Department of Pediatrics, Liaquat University Hospital, Jamshoro / Hyderabad. From November 2017 to April 2018.

Methodology: Children (06 months to 06 years age and of either gender) having Two or more than two hypocalcemic seizures within 12 hours duration were included in the study . The children with hypocalcemic seizure were assessed for magnesium deficiency (hypomagnesaemia). The evaluation of hypomagnesaemia was done according to the cut off / reference values for hypomagnesaemia (<1.8 mg/dl). The data was collected on pre-structured proforma (attached).

Results: Total 147 children with hypocalcemic seizures were taken in this study, among them 49 (33.3%) patients had found low magnesium level and 98 (54.4%) patients had normal magnesium level.

Conclusion: Seizures associated with hypocalcaemia is one of the common type of convulsion in children. In our study, a positive relation was found between low levels of serum magnesium and hypocalcemic seizures.
Periodontal Findings in Children with Cleft Lip and Palate: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alturaif Dalal Jumah , Alanazi Laila Mohammed , Al-Yousef Norah Ali , Aleiydi Hadeel Ali , Altowyrqi Afnan Ahmed , Bawazir Hanadi Abdullah , Alnajashi Shahad Saleh , Almehman Razan Abdulaziz , Habib Nada Habib Ahmed , Nakha Khalid Mohammed S. Abu , Nagy Omar , Sultana Fatima
Published: January 2022

A cleft lip occurs when the tissues that compose the lip fail to fuse together before delivery. There is a gap in the upper lip in the case of a cleft lip. An affected child may also have a cleft palate if they have a cleft lip. The condition is also sometimes diagnosed after birth. A cleft palate sometimes takes a long time to be diagnosed (such as sub mucous cleft palates and bifid uvulas). The surgical repair of a child's face can improve their breathing, hearing, and even their speech and language skills. Using the Medline and PubMed Central databases, this study examined periodontal findings in children with clefted lip and palate using a systematic literature search in English. All search terms were in English and were applicable to the articles related to periodontal findings in children with cleft lip and palate. To electronically extract data from Medline and PubMed Central, an electronic form is designed by the principal investigator. Upon screening using filters, inclusion and exclusion criteria, around 6 articles were selected related in this study. These articles were systematically reviewed and analyzed using PRISMA.  When a child has a cleft lip or palate, it affects oral hygiene and the amount of periodontal pathogens in the oral biofilm. In the literature, there is a lack of studies which utilize validated, reliable measures to determine how individuals with oral clefts perceive their quality of life. It will be important to perform additional studies that utilize specific tools for assessing Quality of Life in patients with oral clefts with larger samples in hopes of better understanding their Quality of Life.
An Overview on Hyperlipidemia
Authors: Sheeba D. A. Helen , Gandhimathi R.
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Hyperlipidemia is a medical condition indicated by an increase in one or more plasma lipids, such as triglycerides, cholesterol, cholesterol esters, phospholipids, and/or plasma lipoproteins, such as very low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein, as well as decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein. This increase in plasma lipids is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In the meanwhile, statins and fibrates remain the most common anti-hyperlipidemic drugs for treating high plasma cholesterol and triglycerides.

Conclusion: Hence this review focused to study of hyperlipidemia. This review is useful to research work in hyperlididemia.
Effect of Heavy Metals on Creatinine Level in Human Blood Samples of Inhabitants Living in the Vicinity of Hudiara Drain, Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Jadoon Saima , Sharif Sumaira , Ali Qurban , Asif Muhammad , Noureen Fouzia
Published: January 2022

Aims: Modern industrialization, anthropogenic and industrial activities have increased the risk of human exposure to heavy metals and in turn effecting human health badly. Hundreds of millions of people are globally affected by heavy metal toxicity through contaminated water in one way or. another. In order to find a correlation between the heavy metal concentrations and serum creatinine level, a study was conducted on the inhabitants living near the Hudiara drain suffering from kidney diseases.

Study Design: The subjects (n=498) were selected from the vicinity of polluted Hudiara drain to conduct this matched case–control study in 2019-2020. Instrumental techniques were used for the determination of heavy metals and creatinine was determined by using Kit. The correlation between heavy metals and creatinine was checked.

Place and Duration of Study: To determine heavy metals and creatinine in blood, samples were collected from the habitants of Hudiara drain and the control group 100Km far from Hudiara drain.

Methodology: Blood samples of male subjects with and tested for heavy metals in the blood using atomic absorption spectrophotometer and creatinine level using Creatinine Elisa Kit. The study was conducted in 2020 and included n= 498 healthy volunteers (control) and n=498 effected (suffering from chronic kidney disease).

Results: The ANOVA shows the significant difference between two groups i.e.  control group and affected group in all traits of the respondents (weight, age, heavy metal values and serum creatinine level). Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated for heavy metals and creatinine subjects’ blood samples. It was found that heavy metal levels in subjects have a significant correlation with serum creatinine. The study shows that serum creatinine level has no significant correlation with age, so is independent of age.

Conclusion: The concentration of heavy metal contaminants (Cd, Hg, Pb) in the blood of the inhabitants of Hudiara drain flowing in Lahore city, Pakistan is highly polluted by industrial effluents. The effects of higher concentration of heavy metals in the inhabitants of Hudiara drain have been determined in serum creatinine levels. It was observed that high serum creatinine values are found in subjects suffering from CKD.
Advanced Collateral Physiotherapy Management for Pneumothorax Following Dengue Encephalitis: A Case Study
Authors: Gujar Abhishek , Vardhan Vishnu , Jain Moli Jai , Yadav Vaishnavi , Walke Rashmi , Bhakaney Pallavi , Kumbhare Ruhi
Published: January 2022

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne sickness that has become a serious international public health issue in recent years.A 54 years old male patient, farmer by occupation came to rural hospital on 10TH September 2021 with complaint of fever associated with chills and rigors, slurring of speech 2 days back and 2 episodes of generalized tonic clonic seizures. Dengue was confirmed by the non-structural protein 1 (NS1) antigen and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody test. Radiological investigations revealed encephalitis and pneumothoraxfor which medical management along with inter costal drainage and collateral physiotherapeutic rehabilitation was administered.The goals of the physiotherapy rehabilitation were to reduce bronchospasm, to clear secretions lung fields, to regain full expansion of lungs and best possible functional recovery. Physiotherapy management has shown satisfactory results in regaining pulmonary function.After the completion of the treatment the patient gained maximum re-expansion of the lungs, had no breathing difficulties, the lungs were clear of sputum and was functionally independent.
“To Evaluate the Effectiveness of Self Instructional Module Regarding Perineal Care among Primipara Postnatal Mothers”
Authors: Mankar Sahili , Manmode Nilima , Meghe Sarthak , Meshram Asawari , Sakle Pradnya
Published: January 2022

Background: Perineal trauma, particularly caused following vaginal delivery, is associated with short and long-term morbidity for women; therefore, intervention that increases the probability of an intact perineum is necessary. When a child is born, the mother and the postnatal period are both extremely vulnerable.

Objectives: 1. To assess the pretest knowledge regarding perineal care in primipara postnatal mothers. 2. To assess the posttest knowledge regarding perineal care in primipara postnatal mothers. 3. To assess the effectiveness of Self Instructional Module on knowledge regarding perineal care in primipara postnatal mothers. 4. To associate the posttest knowledge score regarding perineal care in primipara postnatal mothers with demographic variables.

Materials and Methods: A pre-experimental one-group pretest and posttest design was adopted to assess the effectiveness of a self-instruction module on knowledge regarding perineal care among primipara postnatal mothers. This study was carried out using inferential and descriptive data. The techniques for testing knowledge regarding perineal care among primipara postnatal mothers are discussed in this chapter. It comprises a research method description, the design and validation of the tools and questionaries, the data collection procedure and data analysis plan, the identification of targets, and the sample and sampling techniques.

Results: Better care with regular maintenance of hygiene of perineal area among the primipara postnatal mothers in selected area in Wardha district allow them from preventing from perineal discomfort and infection and a better quality of life with other intervention and by providing knowledge.
Anti-Proliferative Effect of Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract of Citrullus colocynthis (L) on Retinoblastoma Cell Line
Authors: Nair Vedha R. , Priya A. Jothi , Selvaraj J. , Devi R. Gayatri
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Citrullus colocynthis has many pharmacological, biological, and therapeutic properties making it a very important medicinal plant. The cucurbitacin produced/derived from the plant play an important role in anticancer activities. The retinoblastoma Y-79 cell lines are studied in attachment culture. A proper study of these cells can pave the way for control of its proliferative property. Cell viability was assayed using a modified colorimetric technique that is based on the ability of the live cells to convert MTT, a tetrazolium compound into purple formazan crystals. There was an effect on the proliferation and gene expressions of the retinoblastoma Y-79 cell line. Bioactive extracts of these plants are being majorly used as a potential chemopreventive element as an alternative approach for cancer progression management.

Materials and Methods: Human retinoblastoma cell line (Y-79)cell line was purchased from the National Centre for Cell Sciences (NCCS), Pune, India. Cell viability was assayed using a modified colorimetric technique that is based on the ability of live cells to convert MTT.

Results: The experimental study showed antiproliferative effects against the retinoblastoma Y-79 cells. The experimental study showed the effect on cell viability, Bcl2 mRNA expression and BclxL mRNA expression in Y-79 cells.

Conclusion: The hydroethanolic leaf extract obtained from the Citrullus colocynthis exhibited an antiproliferative effect on the retinoblastoma Y-79 cell line by affecting the expression of the Bcl2 mRNA and BclxL mRNA and hindering the cell viability.
Comparison of Bone Morphogenic Proteins’ and Platelet Rich Fibrins’ Effectiveness in Socket Preservation
Authors: Alshami Abdulhamid , Azmouz Mohamad Nabil , Hasan Abdulrahman Hasan , Shaheen Majed Mahmood , Naji Abdullah Mohammed Al , Osailan Samira M. , Alzahrani Khames T. , Alhaddad Abdulrahman Jafar , Kayal Rayyan A. , Qutub Osama Ahmed
Published: January 2022

The dentist faces a difficult challenge in preserving the quantity and quality of gum and bone tissues. Furthermore, the processes adopted should meet these objectives while posing no substantial future issues. In current dental and maxillofacial surgery, a variety of materials as Morphogenic Protein of Bone (BMP) and Platelet Rich Fibrins (PRF) are employed to repair and reconstruct bone tissue. The purpose of this review was to compare the efficiency of both BMP’s and PRF’s in Socket preservation. Reviewing the literature was conducted by using the following search strategies: Bone Morphogenic Proteins, Platelet Rich Fibrins, socket preservation approach, comparison of BMPs and PRFs, Bone Morphogenic Proteins and effectiveness in socket preservation and Platelet Rich Fibrins’ effectiveness in socket preservation. In conclusion, BMPs have been studied more completely than PRFs, and they have higher impacts on hard tissue regeneration and repair, according to the research. The fact that PRFs increase soft tissue healing shows how promising they are. Especially when we consider that soft tissue healing is more important than socket care in implant dentistry.
Novel and conventional inhibitors of canonical autophagy differently affect LC3‐associated phagocytosis
Authors: Stempels Femmy C. , Janssens Maaike H. , ter Beest Martin , Mesman Rob J. , Revelo Natalia H. , Ioannidis Melina , van den Bogaart Geert
Published: January 2022

In autophagy, LC3‐positive autophagophores fuse and encapsulate the autophagic cargo in a double‐membrane structure. In contrast, lipidated LC3 (LC3‐II) is directly formed at the phagosomal membrane in LC3‐associated phagocytosis (LAP). In this study, we dissected the effects of autophagy inhibitors on LAP. SAR405, an inhibitor of VPS34, reduced levels of LC3‐II and inhibited LAP. In contrast, the inhibitors of endosomal acidification bafilomycin A1 and chloroquine increased levels of LC3‐II, due to reduced degradation in acidic lysosomes. However, while bafilomycin A1 inhibited LAP, chloroquine did not. Finally, EACC, which inhibits the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes, promoted LC3 degradation possibly by the proteasome. Targeting LAP with small molecule inhibitors is important given its emerging role in infectious and autoimmune diseases.
Investigation of Halcyon multi‐leaf collimator model in Eclipse treatment planning system: A focus on the VMAT dose calculation with the Acuros XB algorithm
Authors: Miyasaka Ryohei , Cho SangYong , Hiraoka Takuya , Chiba Kohei , Kawachi Toru , Katayose Tetsurou , Suda Yuhi , Hara Ryusuke
Published: January 2022

Purpose

The dual‐layer multi‐leaf collimator (MLC) in Halcyon involves further complexities in the dose calculation process, because the leaf‐tip transmission varies according to the leaf trailing pattern. For the volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) treatment, the prescribed dose for the target volume can be sensitive to the leaf‐tip transmission change. This report evaluates the dosimetric consequence due to the uncertainty of the dual‐layer MLC model in Eclipse through the dose verifications for clinical VMAT. Additionally, the Halcyon leaf‐tip model is empirically adjusted for the VMAT dose calculation with the Acuros XB.

Materials and methods

For this evaluation, an in‐house program that analyzes the leaf position in each layer was developed. Thirty‐two clinical VMAT plans were edited into three leaf sequences: dual layer (original), proximal single layer, or distal single layer. All leaf sequences were verified using Delta4 according to the dose difference (DD) and the global gamma index (GI). To improve the VMAT dose calculation accuracy, the dosimetric leaf gap (DLG) was adjusted to minimize the DD in single‐layer leaf sequences.

Results

The mean of DD were −1.35%, −1.20%, and −1.34% in the dual‐layer, proximal single‐layer, and distal single‐layer leaf sequences, respectively. The changes in the mean of DD between leaf sequences were within 0.2%. However, the calculated doses differed from the measured doses by approximately 1% in all leaf sequences. The tuned DLG was increased by 0.8 mm from the original DLG in Eclipse. When the tuned DLG was used in the dose calculation, the mean of DD neared 0% and GI with a criterion of 2%/2 mm yielded a pass rate of more than 98%.

Conclusion

No significant change was confirmed in the dose calculation accuracy between the leaf sequences. Therefore, it is suggested that the dosimetric consequence due to the leaf trailing was negligibly small in clinical VMAT plans. The DLG tuning for Halcyon can be useful for reducing the dose calculation uncertainties in Eclipse VMAT and required in the commissioning for Acuros XB.
Active Modulation of Graphene Near‐Infrared Electroabsorption Employing Borophene Plasmons in a Wide Waveband
Authors: Nong Jinpeng , Feng Fu , Gan Jiaan , Min Changjun , Yuan Xiaocong , Somekh Michael
Published: January 2022

The unique optical and electronic properties of 2D materials make them suitable for the design of novel optoelectronic devices with ultracompact sizes, exhibiting great potential for major advances in the state of art of existing techniques. Here, for the first time, a prototype of a modulator is theoretically presented for the active modulation of graphene electroabsorption enabled by the tunable anisotropic borophene plasmons. Simulations reveal that the strong localized electrical field induced by borophene plasmons can significantly improve the graphene electroabsorption, of which the center wavelength can be further dynamically controlled by gate tuning the resonant wavelength of borophene plasmons. Then by gate tuning the graphene Fermi energy to transform graphene between a lossy and a lossless material, electrically switched absorption of graphene with modulation depth of 100% can be realized within a wide waveband in the near‐infrared region, including the commercially important telecommunication wavelength of 1.55 µm, indicating the excellent performance of the designed modulator via such mechanism. Such wavelength‐tunable graphene electroabsorption modulation strategy based on borophene plasmons provides an effective method for the design of graphene‐based selective multichannel switches or modulators, which is unavailable in previous reported strategies that can be only realized by passively changing the structural parameters.
Dynamic Control of Light Chirality with Nanostructured Monolayer Black Phosphorus for Broadband Terahertz Applications
Authors: Matthaiakakis Nikolaos , Droulias Sotiris , Kakarantzas George
Published: January 2022

Dynamically tunable polarization conversion at the nanoscale is essential for the realization of novel on‐chip photonic devices. To achieve the desired polarization control, typically, nanopatterning of resonant metallic or dielectric structures in anisotropic or chiral geometries is required, in many cases limiting the performance to narrowband, nontunable operation. In this work, by taking advantage of the strong anisotropic surface conductivity of black phosphorus (BP), polarization conversion is demonstrated via the coherent excitation of localized surface plasmons (LSPs) in symmetrically patterned monolayer BP nanosquare arrays. Using finite‐difference time‐domain simulations, linear‐to‐circular and circular‐to‐linear polarization conversion, dynamic tunability and switching, and broadband operation in the terahertz (THz) regime, all enabled by means of electrostatic control of the carrier concentration of BP, are demonstrated. Last, it is demonstrated how near‐field coupling between the LSPs and dipole emitters positioned at chosen hotspots can mediate the emission of circularly polarized light (CPL), also providing enhanced emission rates. The proposed design offers a flexible, ultrathin, platform for wave manipulation in the THz regime, enabling active control of light polarization by nanoscopic on‐chip optical sources.
Single‐Material, Near‐Infrared Selective Absorber Based on Refractive Index‐Tunable Tamm Plasmon Structure
Authors: Kim So Hee , Ko Joo Hwan , Yoo Young Jin , Kim Min Seok , Lee Gil Ju , Ishii Satoshi , Song Young Min
Published: January 2022

As a powerful planar plasmonics, Tamm plasmon (TP) structures open up new possibilities for high‐efficiency photonic applications demanding high quality (Q)‐factor with scalability and spectral tunability. Despite the theoretical advantages of TP structures, TP configurations alternately stacked within limited materials and integer ranges result in thicker device sizes and still struggle to achieve ideal designs. Here, by introducing a computational model with varying design parameters, the configurations of high‐performance TPs are presented within thin scale. However, the optimized configuration is hard to be realized with limited conventional materials. In this study, the effective refractive index is tailored through porosity change to achieve optimized design parameters, resulting in high Q‐factors (≈45) and near‐unity absorptance (≈99%) for sub‐micron scale TPs (≈0.7 µm) based on single material. To verify single‐material TPs (SMTPs), the real and imaginary parts of the optical impedances are calculated, which are well matching each other, resulting in unity absorption. Using the designed structure, SMTPs are experimentally fabricated based on glancing angle deposition. As a practical demonstration, SMTPs are combined with a metal–semiconductor–metal photodetector as an ultra‐sensitive narrowband photodetector.
Electronic Structure Modulation in MoO2/MoP Heterostructure to Induce Fast Electronic/Ionic Diffusion Kinetics for Lithium Storage
Authors: Shen Yuanhao , Jiang Yalong , Yang Zhongzhuo , Dong Jun , Yang Wei , An Qinyou , Mai Liqiang
Published: January 2022

Transition metal oxides (TMOs) are considered as the prospective anode materials in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Nevertheless, the disadvantages, including large volume variation and poor electrical conductivity, obstruct these materials to meet the needs of practical application. Well‐designed mesoporous nanostructures and electronic structure modulation can enhance the electron/Li‐ions diffusion kinetics. Herein, a unique mesoporous molybdenum dioxide/molybdenum phosphide heterostructure nanobelts (meso‐MoO2/MoP‐NBs) composed of uniform nanoparticles is obtained by one‐step phosphorization process. The Mott–Schottky tests and density functional theory calculations demonstrated that meso‐MoO2/MoP‐NBs possesses superior electronic conductivity. The detailed lithium storage mechanism (solid solution reaction for MoP and partial conversion for MoO2), small change ratio of crystal structure and fast electronic/ionic diffusion behavior of meso‐MoO2/MoP‐NBs are systematically investigated by operando X‐ray diffraction, ex situ transmission electron microscopy, and kinetic analysis. Benefiting from the synergistic effects, the meso‐MoO2/MoP‐NBs displays a remarkable cycling performance (515 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1) and excellent rate capability (291 mAh g−1 at 8 A g−1). These findings can shed light on the behavior of the electron/ion regulation in heterostructures and provide a potential route to develop high‐performance lithium‐ion storage materials.
Insights into the Effects of RbF‐Post‐Deposition Treatments on the Absorber Surface of High Efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells and Development of Analytical and Machine Learning Process Monitoring Methodologies Based on Combinatorial Analysis
Authors: Fonoll‐Rubio Robert , Paetel Stefan , Grau‐Luque Enric , Becerril‐Romero Ignacio , Mayer Rafael , Pérez‐Rodríguez Alejandro , Guc Maxim , Izquierdo‐Roca Victor
Published: January 2022

The latest record efficiencies of the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) photovoltaic technology are driven by heavy alkali post‐deposition treatments (PDTs). Despite their positive effect, especially in the Voc of the devices, their underlying mechanisms are still under discussion. This work sheds light on this topic by performing a high statistics analysis on 620 high efficiency CIGSe solar cells submitted to four different PDT processes (different RbF source temperature) employing a combinatorial approach based on Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies. This reveals with statistical confidence subtle differences in the spectroscopic data that relate to the redistribution of defects between the ordered vacancy compound (OVC) and the chalcopyrite phases at the absorber surface. In particular, there is an intertwined decrease of the OVC phase and increase of the so‐called “defective chalcopyrite phase.” Additionally, two industry‐compatible methodologies for the assessment of the RbF‐PDT process and prediction of the Voc of the final devices with a ±2% error and an efficacy of ≈95% are developed based on analytical and machine learning approaches. These results show that the combined Raman and PL spectroscopic techniques represent a powerful tool for the future development of the CIGSe technology at a research level and for more efficient industrial manufacturing.
Swapping Catalytic Active Sites from Cationic Ni to Anionic S in Nickel Sulfide Enables More Efficient Alkaline Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Wang Pengyan , Wang Tingting , Qin Rui , Pu Zonghua , Zhang Chengtian , Zhu Jiawei , Chen Ding , Feng Dong , Kou Zongkui , Mu Shichun , Wang John
Published: January 2022

Tuning active sites in catalyst design is the key to boosting the intrinsic activity of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Cationic Ni has been widely established as an active site in nickel sulfide due to the relatively low Gibbs free energy of hydrogen adsorption (ΔGH*). However, one of the big unsettled issues is whether S can be activated as a more active site than Ni in NiS2. Herein, the swapping of catalytic active sites from cationic Ni to anionic S in a hierarchical structure consisting of NiS2 nanoflowers grown on dual‐phased NiS2‐NiS foam (denoted as NiS2/NiS2‐NiS) is shown. A combined study of theoretical calculations and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis demonstrate the remarkably antidromic electron transfer from Ni to S sites, therefore relieving the adsorption of hydrogen species and endowing a higher intrinsic activity at the S site over the Ni site. The new catalyst therefore exhibits superior HER performance, identified by doubling in the intrinsic activity and a twofold increased turnover frequency value compared to its pure NiS2 counterpart (0.028 s−1 vs 0.015 s−1 at the applied overpotential of 200 mV). The NiS2/NiS2‐NiS electrode also demonstrates outstanding activity toward the oxygen evolution reaction and overall water splitting.
Performance of limestone‐based sorbent for sorption‐enhanced gasification in dual interconnected fluidized bed reactors
Authors: Coppola Antonio , Sattari Aida , Montagnaro Fabio , Scala Fabrizio , Salatino Piero
Published: January 2022

A possibility to carry out sorption‐enhanced gasification (SEG) is represented by its integration with the calcium looping concept in dual interconnected fluidized beds (DIFB). This article is focused on the sorbent CO2 uptake performance and attrition/fragmentation tendency when operating conditions simulating those of a DIFB‐SEG process are adopted. Experiments were carried out on a commercial Italian limestone in a laboratory‐scale DIFB reactor. Carbonation was carried out in a range of test conditions, including variable temperature (600–700°C) and absence/presence of steam (10% by volume); CO2 concentration was set at 10% by volume. The characterization is extended by investigating the behavior of preprocessed DIFB‐SEG samples on impact fragmentation tests, conducted in an ex situ apparatus. Tests were carried out for impact velocities in the range 17–45 m/s. Results were discussed considering both the impact velocity value and the operating conditions under which the sample was preprocessed in the fluidized bed.
Clinical phenotype and musculoskeletal characteristics of patients with aggrecan deficiency
Authors: Alexandrou Eirene , Dauber Andrew , Tyzinski Leah , Hwa Vivian , Andrew Melissa , Kim Hee , Elangovan Stacey , Gubanich Paul , Taylor‐Haas Jeffery A. , Paterno Mark , Backeljauw Philippe
Published: January 2022

Aggrecan is a proteoglycan within the physeal and articular cartilage. Aggrecan deficiency, due to heterozygous mutations in the ACAN gene, causes dominantly inherited short stature and, in many patients, early‐onset osteoarthritis and degenerative disc disease. We aimed to further characterize this phenotypic spectrum with an emphasis on musculoskeletal health. Twenty‐two individuals from nine families were enrolled. Histories and examinations focused on joint health, gait analysis, joint specific patient reported outcomes, and imaging studies were performed. All patients had dominantly inherited short stature, with the exception of a de novo mutation. Short stature was worse in adults versus children (median height −3.05 SD vs. −2.25 SD). ACAN mutations were not always associated with bone age advancement (median advancement +1.1 years, range 0 to +2 years). Children had subtle disproportionality and clinically silent joint disease—25% with osteochondritis dissecans (OD). Adults had a high prevalence of joint symptomatology–decline in knee function, disability from spinal complaints, and lower physical activity on outcome measures. Osteoarthritis (OA) and OD was detected in 90% of adults, and orthopedic surgeries were reported in 60%. Aggrecan deficiency leads to short stature with progressive decline in height SD, mild skeletal dysplasia, and increasing prevalence of joint pathology over time. Optimal musculoskeletal health and quality of life can be attained with timely identification of pathology and intervention.
The first case report of Strømme syndrome in a Chinese patient: Expanding the phenotype and literature review
Authors: Ho Stephanie , Luk Ho‐Ming , Lo Ivan F. M.
Published: January 2022

Strømme syndrome (MIM #243605) is a rare autosomal recessive ciliopathy resulting from compound heterozygous or homozygous pathogenic alterations in the CENPF gene (# 600236). Although there are a number of case reports featuring individuals with clinically compatible Strømme syndrome, only 13 affected individuals had molecular confirmation worldwide. Herein, we report a 24 years old Chinese gentleman with molecularly confirmed Strømme syndrome with compound heterozygous pathogenic nonsense variants in NM_016343.3(CENPF):c.436C > T, p.(Gln146*) and c.9280C > T, p.(Arg3094*). He presented with microcephaly, unilateral microphthalmia, single central upper incisor and bilateral preaxial polydactyly. To our knowledge, this is the first reported Chinese individual with molecularly confirmed Strømme syndrome.
Asymmetric Hydroaminoalkylation of Alkenylazaarenes via Cooperative Photoredox and Chiral Hydrogen‐Bonding Catalysis
Authors: Chai Xiangpei , Hu Xinheng , Zhao Xiaowei , Yin Yanli , Cao Shanshan , Jiang Zhiyong
Published: January 2022

Chiral hydrogen‐bonding (H‐bonding) catalytic asymmetric conjugate addition to activated olefins has been widely used to access enantioenriched molecules containing stereocenters at the β‐position of the olefin activating groups. Herein, we report the first highly enantioselective radical‐based manifold. Under a dual organocatalyst system involving a chiral phosphoric acid and DPZ as the photoredox sensitizer, transformations of N‐arylglycines, in which aryls with CF3 substituents are introduced, with alkenyl azaarenes afforded valuable hydroaminoalkylation adducts with satisfactory results. In addition to the diversity of azaarenes, the method can be used to construct aryl‐, alkyl‐ and silyl‐substituted stereocenter. Control experiments and density functional theory calculations were performed to elucidate a plausible reaction mechanism and the origin of stereoselectivity, wherein nonclassical H‐bonding interactions were found to assist chiral catalysts in offering sufficient enantiocontrol.
p–d Orbital Hybridization Induced by a Monodispersed Ga Site on a Pt3Mn Nanocatalyst Boosts Ethanol Electrooxidation
Authors: Wang Yao , Zheng Meng , Li Yunrui , Ye Chenliang , Chen Juan , Ye Jinyu , Zhang Qinghua , Li Jiong , Zhou Zhiyou , Fu Xian‐Zhu , Wang Jin , Sun Shi‐Gang , Wang Dingsheng
Published: January 2022

Constructing monodispersed metal sites in heterocatalysis is an efficient strategy to boost their catalytic performance. Herein, a new strategy using monodispersed metal sites to tailor Pt‐based nanocatalysts is addressed by engineering unconventional p–d orbital hybridization. Thus, monodispersed Ga on Pt3Mn nanocrystals (Ga‐O‐Pt3Mn) with high‐indexed facets was constructed for the first time to drive ethanol electrooxidation reaction (EOR). Strikingly, the Ga‐O‐Pt3Mn nanocatalyst shows an enhanced EOR performance with achieving 8.41 times of specific activity than that of Pt/C. The electrochemical in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results and theoretical calculations disclose that the Ga‐O‐Pt3Mn nanocatalyst featuring an unconventional p–d orbital hybridization not only promote the C−C bond‐breaking and rapid oxidation of ‐OH of ethanol, but also inhibit the generation of poisonous CO intermediate species. This work discloses a promising strategy to construct a novel nanocatalysts tailored by monodispersed metal site as efficient fuel cell catalysts.
Two‐Dimensional Organic Supramolecule via Hydrogen Bonding and π–π Stacking for Ultrahigh Capacity and Long‐Life Aqueous Zinc–Organic Batteries
Authors: Chen Yuan , Li Jianyao , Zhu Qin , Fan Kun , Cao Yiqing , Zhang Guoqun , Zhang Chenyang , Gao Yanbo , Zou Jincheng , Zhai Tianyou , Wang Chengliang
Published: January 2022

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are promising for next‐generation energy storage. However, the reported electrode materials for ZIBs are facing shortcomings including low capacity and unsatisfactory cycling stability etc. Herein, hexaazatrinaphthalene‐quione (HATNQ) is reported for aqueous ZIBs. The HATNQ electrodes delivered an ultrahigh capacity (482.5 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1) and outstanding cyclability of >10 000 cycles at 5 A g−1. The capacity sets a new record for organic cathodes in aqueous ZIBs. The high performances are ascribed to the rich C=O and C=N groups that endowed HATNQ with a 2D layered supramolecular structure by multiple hydrogen bonds in plane with π–π interactions out‐of‐plane, leading to enhanced charge transfer, insolubility, and rapid ion transport for fast‐charge and ‐discharge batteries. Moreover, the 2D supramolecular structure boosted the storage of Zn2+/H+, particularly the storage of Zn2+, due to the more favorable O⋅⋅⋅Zn⋅⋅⋅N coordination in HATNQ.
Controlled Uptake of an Iridium Complex inside Engineered apo‐Ferritin Nanocages: Study of Structure and Catalysis**
Authors: Taher Mohd , Maity Basudev , Nakane Taiki , Abe Satoshi , Ueno Takafumi , Mazumdar Shyamalava
Published: January 2022

The effect of the mutation at the core of the ferritin nanocage (apo‐rHLFr) on the uptake of IrCp* has been investigated by structural and spectroscopic methods. Site‐specific mutations of two polar residues viz., Asp38 and Arg52 were investigated. The uptake of IrCp* was increased by about 1.5‐fold on mutation of Arg52 by His compared to the wild‐type variant, while mutation of Asp38 by His had no effect on the uptake. All the variants of the Ir‐embedded ferritin cages remained as stable as the wild‐type analogue. These hybrid bio‐nanocages of ferritin were found to efficiently catalyze transfer hydrogenation of various substituted acetophenones forming the corresponding chiral alcohols with up to 88 % conversion and 70 % enantioselectivity. An electron‐withdrawing substituent on the reactant enhanced the Turnover frequency of the reaction. Molecular docking analyses suggested that the substrate binds in different orientations at the active site in different mutants of the nanocage.
Modulating the Frontier Orbitals of an Aluminylene for Facile Dearomatization of Inert Arenes**
Authors: Zhang Xin , Liu Liu Leo
Published: January 2022

Lewis bases are well known to stabilize electron‐deficient species. We demonstrate herein that the redox property of a monocoordinated aluminylene1featuring only four valence electrons for the shell of Al can be boosted by a Lewis base. The coordination of1with an N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) effectively shrinks the HOMO–LUMO gap, thereby enhancing the reactivity of the ensuing acyclic mono‐NHC‐stabilized aluminylene2, which is isoelectronic with singlet carbenes. Moreover, such base coordination completely reverses the predominant chemical reactivity (i.e. electrophilicity/nucleophilicity) of aluminylenes. In marked contrast to1,2readily undergoes a [4+1] cycloaddition reaction with naphthalene and biphenylene at room temperature. Strikingly, the enhanced ambiphilic nature of Al in2also enables facile cleavage of aromatic C−C bonds of inert arenes in both intra‐ and intermolecular fashion affording3and5. The formation of5represents the first example of the cleavage of an aromatic C(3)−C(4) bond in biphenylene by a single‐atom center.
Construction of strong non‐covalent interactions for preparation of flame‐retarded acrylic pressure‐sensitive adhesives with improved shear and peel strengths
Authors: Liu Xing , Zhao Jianqing , Lin Xiaodan
Published: January 2022

The development of acrylic pressure‐sensitive adhesives (PSAs) with good flame retardancy is of great importance for the optoelectronic, automobile, and aircraft applications. However, a well‐known problem is that conventional flame retardants, while imparting good flame retardant properties to acrylic PSAs, compromise the cohesion and result in the unsatisfactory shear and peel strengths. In this work, flame‐retarded acrylic PSAs with improved shear and peel strengths were successfully prepared by constructing a tight non‐covalent crosslinking network that effectively counteract the negative effect of flame retardants on cohesion. In addition, the combination of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) and SiO2 increases the flame retardant effectiveness and reduces the overall required loading of flame retardants. As an example, when the amount of acrylic acid (AA) was 35 wt%, acrylic PSA containing 12.7 wt% DMMP and 2.5 wt% SiO2 particles showed well‐balanced adhesive properties and flame retardancy, with a shear strength of 3600 min and a peel strength of 15.0 N/25 mm, as well as a UL‐94 V‐0 rating. Meanwhile, it exhibited a high transmittance of above 90%. Furthermore, TG‐FTIR results confirmed that the flame‐retarded behaviors occurred in vapor phase.
Electro‐conductive nanofibrous structure based on PGS/PCL coated with PPy by in situ chemical polymerization applicable as cardiac patch: Fabrication and optimization
Authors: Fakhrali Aref , Semnani Dariush , Salehi Hossein , Ghane Mohammad
Published: January 2022

As a special structure and due to the unique properties of submicron‐scale fibers and electrical conductivity, conductive nanofibers recently attracted further attention in various fields, especially tissue engineering. This study aimed to coat poly (glycerol sebacate) (PGS) nanofiber/poly(caprolactone) (PCL) as a widely used combination in the fields of medicine with poly(pyrrole) (PPy) as a conductive polymer, subsequently studying and optimizing production process variables using response surface methodology (RSM). The samples were examined for morphological and structural, and their electrical conductivity and electroactivity were measured using a four‐point probe system and a cyclic voltammetry, respectively. The electrospinning conditions for constructing the substrate nanofibers with the smallest diameter were optimized. The monomer concentration of 0.05M and the polymerization time of 3.3 h exploiting the RSM were also considered as the optimal conditions for obtaining coated‐nanofibers with the smallest diameter and desired electrical conductivity (0.001 S/cm). The structural findings confirmed the successful synthesis of PGS and PPy. The conductive‐nanofiber produced under optimal conditions revealed good mechanical properties (tensile strength = 3.12 ± 0.19 MPa and elongation at break = 80.26 ± 13.71%). The highest biocompatibility was observed for the sample synthesized with the pyrrole concentration of 0.05M, which can be a suitable candidate for application in cardiac tissue engineering.