bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Virtual Reality as a Method to Cope With Labor Pain: What Do Women Want?
Authors: Leugenhaege Luka Van , de Craen Natacha Van , Maes Katrien , Bergh Leen Vanden , Timmerman Kristof , Van Aken Silvia , Mestdagh Eveline , J. Kuipers Yvonne
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to determine what childbearing women want when using virtual reality as an intrapartum pain management method. Researchers performed a qualitative exploratory study using content analysis. Two focus groups were organized including pregnant women anticipating a vaginal birth and women who recently had given birth, no longer than 6 months ago. The focus groups included a 30-minute virtual reality demo. In total, 10 women participated. Five themes emerged: (1) “try, test, and explore”: the need to receive information and to get acquainted with virtual reality during the antenatal period; (2) “variety and diversity in physical and digital options”: the preference for a variety in virtual content and view virtual reality as a complementary method for intrapartum pain management; (3) “distraction versus focus”: virtual reality as a method to distract from pain, from the clinical context or to help them focus; (4) “comfort both physical and digital”: measures to ensure a comfortable physical and virtual experience; and (5) “birthing partner”: the potential need to include partners. This study is an essential step informing the development, implementation, and research of labor-specific virtual reality and informing antenatal health care providers when offering women virtual reality as intrapartum pain management.
Multiplex base editing ofBCL11Aregulatory elements to treat sickle cell disease
Authors: Fontana L. , Martinucci P. , Amistadi S. , Felix T. , Mombled M. , Tachtsidi A. , Corre G. , Chalumeau A. , Hardouin G. , Martin J. , Romano O. , Amendola M. , Antoniou P. , Miccio A
Published: December 2024

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic anemia caused by the production of an abnormal adult hemoglobin. The clinical severity is lessened by elevated fetal hemoglobin (HbF) production in adulthood. A promising therapy is the transplantation of autologous, hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) treated with CRISPR/Cas9 to downregulate the HbF repressor BCL11A via generation of double strand breaks (DSBs) in the +58-kb erythroid-specific enhancer. Here, to further enhance HbF production without increasing the mutagenic load, we targeted both +58-kb and +55-kbBCL11Aerythroid-specific enhancers using base editors. We systematically dissected DNA motifs recognized by the key transcriptional activators within these regions and identified the critical nucleotides required for activator binding. Multiplex base editing of these residues was efficient and safe and generated no or little DSBs and genomic rearrangements. We observed substantial HbF reactivation, exceeding the levels achieved using the CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease-based strategy, thus efficiently rescuing the sickling phenotype. Multiplex base editing was efficient in long-term repopulating HSPCs and resulted in potent HbF reactivationin vivo. In summary, these results show that multiplex base editing ofBCL11Aerythroid-specific enhancers is a safe and potent strategy for treating sickle cell disease.
Dynamics of β-cardiac myosin between the super-relaxed and disordered-relaxed states
Authors: Cail Robert C. , Baez-Cruz Faviolla A. , Winkelmann Donald A. , Goldman Yale E. , Michael Ostap E.
Published: December 2024

The super-relaxed (SRX) state of myosin ATPase activity is critical for striated muscle function, and its dysregulation is linked to cardiomyopathies. It is unclear whether the SRX state exchanges readily with the disordered-relaxed (DRX) state, and whether the SRX state directly corresponds to the folded back interacting-head motif (IHM). Using recombinant β-cardiac heavy meromyosin (HMM) and subfragment 1 (S1), which cannot form the IHM, we show that the SRX and DRX populations are in rapid equilibrium, dependent on myosin head-tail interactions. Some mutations which cause hypertrophic (HCM) or dilated (DCM) cardiomyopathies alter the SRX-DRX equilibrium, but not all mutations. The cardiac myosin inhibitor mavacamten slows nucleotide release by an equal factor for both HMM and S1, thus only indirectly influencing the occupancy time of the SRX state. These findings suggest that purified myosins undergo rapid switching between SRX and DRX states, refining our understanding of cardiomyopathy mechanisms.
The role of specific phosphorylation patterns in the oligomerization of Tau-R4
Authors: Bressler Shachar Guy , Grunhaus Dana , Aviram Amit , Rüdiger Stefan G.D. , Hurevich Mattan , Friedler Assaf
Published: December 2024

Specific phosphorylation patterns control the activity of multiphosphorylated proteins. In case of the Tau protein, multiphosphorylation leads to the formation of different disease-related condensates and aggregates. Studying the role of these specific patterns at the protein level is crucial for understanding the molecular mechanisms of Tauopathies such as Alzheimer’s Disease. However, due to the extreme difficulty in obtaining recombinant proteins with specific phosphorylation patterns using kinase-based methods, it is practically impossible to study the connection between specific phosphorylation patterns and aggregation events at the protein level. Here we addressed this problem by reducing the system to the peptide level and studying the effect of specific phosphorylation patterns on the condensation and aggregation of a specific domain of Tau, R4 (residues 336-358). To achieve this aim, we have applied advanced methods to synthesize a library of multiphosphorylated peptides derived from R4. We showed that specific phosphorylation patterns stringently control the formation of Tau aggregates and condensates. Phosphorylation of Ser341 promoted aggregation of R4 while phosphorylation of Ser352 promoted its condensation. Interestingly, Ser356 phosphorylation inhibited both processes, which can be overridden by double-phosphorylation at Ser341/Ser352. Differences between the microenvironments of the phosphorylated residues lead to their different effects on R4 aggregation upon phosphorylation. Our results show that working at the domain level using advanced peptide synthesis methods is a highly useful and practical way to provide valuable information about the effects of post translational modifications on protein activity.
Current challenges and development strategies of bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria applied in the food industry
Authors: Liang Qingping , Liu Zhemin , Liang Ziyu , Fu Xiaodan , Li Dongyu , Zhu Changliang , Kong Qing , Mou Haijin
Published: December 2024

Given the great importance of natural biopreservatives in the modern food industry, lactic acid bacteria (LAB)‐producing bacteriocins have gained considerable attention due to their antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria. Although numerous LAB‐producing bacteriocins have demonstrated efficiency in preserving food quality in various applications, only a limited number of these compounds have been commercially approved to date. The currently unclear gastrointestinal metabolism of bacteriocins may pose safety risks, as well as cytotoxicity and immunogenicity, which need to be seriously considered before their application. A more noteworthy concern lies in whether bacteriocins induce an imbalance in the gut microbiota, thereby leading to alterations in the abundance of health‐associated microorganisms and their metabolites in the gastrointestinal tract. Accordingly, this review presents unique insights into the challenges arising from metabolic interactions between LAB‐producing bacteriocins and the gastrointestinal tract. Besides, the application of bacteriocins in the food industry faces challenges arising from the low production yield, weak stability, and insufficient antimicrobial activity. The corresponding development strategies are proposed for conducting the systematic and comprehensive evaluation of the potential safety risks of bacteriocins and their metabolites. The strategies also focus on the rational design to increase the activity and stability, the fermentation control to enhance the production yield, and the hurdle and embedding technology to improve the application effects. It definitively discloses the perspective of bacteriocins to become natural, sustainable, safe, and eco‐friendly biological preservatives for the advancement of the food industry.
A comprehensive review on ultraviolet disinfection of spices and culinary seeds and its effect on quality
Authors: Arcos‐Limiñana Víctor , Maestre‐Pérez Salvador , Prats‐Moya María Soledad
Published: December 2024

Spices and culinary seeds, valued for their flavor and aroma, pose unique challenges for disinfection, as heat treatments are often unsuitable. Their raw consumption increases the risk of contamination, particularly with Salmonella spp. Thermal treatments are widely used for food disinfection due to their effectiveness in inactivating bacteria. However, these methods often degrade the nutritional and sensory qualities of food. Ultraviolet (UV) light, however, is a promising nonthermal technique that balances microbial inactivation and food quality preservation. This review employed a systematic approach to evaluate the effects of UV treatments, both alone and in combination with other techniques, on the microbiological safety and chemical composition of spices and culinary seeds. UV treatments have been shown to effectively inactivate bacteria, molds, and mycotoxins without triggering the same chemical reactions that reduce the quality of plant‐based foods. Some studies have even suggested improvements in nutritional parameters following UV exposure, such as the increase of antioxidant activity or total phenolic content. However, inconsistencies in study quality limit the strength of current conclusions, and further research is needed. Critical areas for future investigation include scaling UV reactors, combining treatments, exploring UV‐LED technology, conducting sensory analyses, and studying the inactivation of bacterial spores and mycotoxins.
Biomolecule‐functionalized polydiacetylene assembly for visual and on‐site sensing of (E)‐2‐hexenal in fruits
Authors: Zhou Jiayue , Li Dong , Xu Yanqun , Zhang Xiaochen , Wang Lei , Zhou Lin , Zou Liang , Luo Zisheng
Published: December 2024

(E)‐2‐Hexenal (E2H) is an important volatile organic compound (VOC) that can serve as a marker for fruit quality sensing and shelf‐life evaluation. However, visual and portable sensors for E2H have not been reported mainly because of the difficulty in selective response to E2H while avoiding interference from other VOC, especially isomers. Herein, we developed a novel colorimetric sensor based on thiol‐functionalized polydiacetylene assembly (PDA‐SH/PDA) for the quantitative and selectivity of E2H. The mechanism was that E2H underwent a Michael addition reaction with sulfhydryl groups in PDA‐SH/PDA. The Michael addition reaction destroyed the hydrogen bond and distorted the conjugated molecular system, resulting in colorimetric responses. Under optimal conditions, a good linear relationship was observed between E2H concentration and red colorimetric shift (R2 = 0.9679). The E2H sensor yields a high analytical sensitivity of 1.5203% and a limit of detection of 0.015 g L−1. Besides, the PDA‐SH/PDA sensor can be used to visually distinguish E2H and its isomer (Z)‐3‐hexenal. The PDA‐SH/PDA sensor yielded a statistically significant difference in red colorimetric shift (p < 0.01) between the pairs of isomers in the ripeness of fruits. At last, the sensor was utilized for detecting E2H in grapes from different shelf lives. We found that the E2H concentration increased from 66.16 ± 1.54 to 67.56 ± 1.30 µg L−1 as storage time was prolonged. The results of this research not only demonstrated the feasibility of visual and on‐site detection of E2H but also provided potential promise for portable fruit quality sensing and shelf‐life evaluation.
Environmental Factors Influencing Anthrax Distribution in an East African Protected Area
Authors: Kimaro Elihuruma Wilson , Machelle Ines , Olomi Godwin , Kessy Beatrice , Morris Kalist Kilewo , Powers Jennifer S.
Published: December 2024

Anthrax outbreaks caused by the soil‐borne bacterium Bacillus anthracis have been known to occur often in Africa, impacting both wildlife and livestock and occasionally infecting humans. Modelling the current distribution and predicting suitable habitats for this bacteria species is therefore critical for supporting effective planning and control measures for anthrax outbreaks. Despite its impact, the knowledge on the ecology of this pathogen is still limited. This can be due to intricate interactions between anthropogenic and environmental factors and the variety of species it affects. Therefore, detailed, site‐specific analyses are essential for contributing to the understanding of the ecology of anthrax. This study used the maximum entropy modelling algorithm (MaxEnt) method to predict suitable habitat and environmental conditions that may support anthrax distribution and spore survival in Tarangire National Park, in Tanzania. Model inputs included 14 predictors from World Climatic, Landsat satellite, and World Soil Information datasets, as well as 636 presence‐only occurrence data from park records from 2013 to 2023. The predicted suitable area favouring anthrax spores encompassed most of the savannah and open grassland in the northern part of the park, as well as narrow patches in the park's central region. The mean test AUC score was 0.91, and the predicted probability was 0.98 for anthrax presence. On average, the predicted probability of suitable conditions substantially improved with increasing levels of extractable phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, mean annual temperature, and soil pH. Furthermore, the probability of suitable habitat was highest at lower levels of fire frequency, exchangeable sodium, and extractable aluminium. The extensive track record of anthrax outbreaks in the area may be explained by the presence of these favourable soil characteristics and climate, which point to the long‐term occurrence of anthrax spores in the park. However, the existence of suitable habitat in the northern part of the park presents opportunities for mobilising resources to mitigate the situation through activities such as targeted disease surveillance and the use of controlled fire.
“Is voting even effective?” Examining voting and protest as an expression of dissent and their efficacy in risky contexts
Authors: Uluğ Özden Melis , Acar Yasemin Gülsüm , Kanık Betül
Published: December 2024

In the current contribution, we aim to examine how the political efficacy of different actions is understood in authoritarian contexts and, in particular, whether protest and voting are viewed as an efficacious way to engage in the political process among opposition members. We used an online survey (N = 152), asked open‐ended questions about (1) motivators for voting, (2) reasons for not voting/indecisiveness, opinions on (3) voting, (4) offline protests, and (5) online protests to make voices heard and analyzed the data using qualitative content analysis. Results highlighted the motivators behind voting, such as opposing the current government, hope for change, and seeing it as a civic duty, while hopelessness/lack of faith in change and lack of representative candidates were barriers to civic participation. While some saw voting as ineffective in competitive authoritarian contexts like Turkey, others perceived it as a way for people to make their voices heard. Last, the difference between offline and online protests regarding making one's voice heard was stark: Offline protests were described as necessary yet very dangerous, whereas online protests were seen as mostly effective. We discuss these different actions’ political efficacy and civic participation challenges in authoritarian contexts, especially among opposition members.
Tectorigenin Reduces Dabie bandavirus‐Induced Cytokine Storm by Regulating Toll‐Like Receptor 7/Extracellular Signal–Regulated Kinase Pathway
Authors: Zhang Qian , Pu Qinqin , Jiang Zhengyi , Zhao Jie , Dai Yan , Hu Nannan , Han Yaping , Jiang Nan , Shi Luchen , Zhao Jiaying , Ouyang Ke , Huang Huaying , Jin Ke , Li Jun
Published: December 2024

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a severe emerging infectious disease caused by Dabie bandavirus (DBV). Tectorigenin has been demonstrated to exert anti‐inflammatory effect. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of tectorigenin on DBV‐induced cytokine storm. Effects of tectorigenin on cytokines in DBV‐infected THP‐1 cells and plasma samples of Type I interferon receptor (IFNAR)−/− mice infected with DBV were detected. The changes in body weight and survival time of mice were recorded. The liver, spleen, kidney, and lymph node tissues were collected for hematoxylin–eosin staining. We demonstrated that tectorigenin reduced the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in both DBV‐infected THP‐1 cells and plasma samples of IFNAR−/− mice infected with DBV. Tectorigenin attenuated DBV‐induced histopathological changes in mice. Mechanistically, tectorigenin attenuated DBV‐induced phosphorylation of inhibitor of kappa‐B kinase alpha/beta (IKKα/β) of the nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signaling pathway, extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and might function by downregulation of Toll‐like receptor. The result of this study suggested that tectorigenin exerted anti‐inflammatory effects in vivo and in vitro and could serve as a novel potential therapeutic strategy for SFTS.
The Oral–Gut–Brain Axis: The Influence of Microbes as a Link of Periodontitis With Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Zhong Yi , Kang Xianhui , Bai Xiaofeng , Pu Bei , Smerin Daniel , Zhao Liang , Xiong Xiaoxing
Published: December 2024

Periodontitis, a non‐communicable chronic inflammation disease resulting from dysbiosis of the oral microbiota, has been demonstrated to have a positive association with the risk of ischemic stroke (IS). The major periodontal pathogens contribute to the progression of stroke‐related risk factors such as obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. Transcriptional changes in periodontitis pathogens have been detected in oral samples from stroke patients, suggesting a new conceptual framework involving microorganisms. The bidirectional regulation between the gut and the central nervous system (CNS) is mediated by interactions between intestinal microflora and brain cells. The connection between the oral cavity and gut through microbiota indicates that the oral microbial community may play a role in mediating complex communication between the oral cavity and the CNS; however, underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully understood. In this review, we present an overview of key concepts and potential mechanisms of interaction between the oral–gut–brain axis based on previous research, focusing on how the oral microbiome (especially the periodontal pathogens) impacts IS and its risk factors, as well as the mediating role of immune system homeostasis, and providing potential preventive and therapeutic approaches.
Insights into circulating CEACAM1 in insulin clearance and disease progression: Evidence from the Portuguese PREVADIAB2 study
Authors: Patarrão Rita S. , Meneses Maria João , Ghadieh Hilda E. , Herrera Laura , Duarte Sérgio , Ribeiro Rogério T. , Raposo João F. , Schmitt Verena , Singer Bernhard B. , Gastaldelli Amalia , Penha‐Gonçalves Carlos , Najjar Sonia M. , Macedo M. Paula
Published: December 2024

Background

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and obesity are characterized by altered insulin metabolism and action. Reduced hepatic insulin clearance is increasingly recognized as a key contributor to hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. CEACAM1 promotes hepatic insulin clearance, and its loss in hepatocytes is associated with reduced insulin clearance in mice and men. This study examines whether CEACAM1 circulating levels reflect compromised insulin metabolism and resistance in the PREVADIAB2 cohort.

Methods

A total of 1019 individuals from the PREVADIAB2 cohort were evaluated for diabetes by 75 g‐OGTT and classified according to WHO 2019 criteria. CEACAM1 circulating levels were measured by ELISA, and insulin metabolism parameters were calculated. Hierarchical clustering of insulin metabolic indices and CEACAM1 levels was performed. Statistical significance was assessed using Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney tests.

Results

BMI, insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), and hepatic steatosis progressively increased with disease severity. Insulin secretion rose and its clearance declined in parallel to circulating CEACAM1 levels in prediabetes and T2DM, indicating compensatory hyperinsulinemia. Hierarchical metabolic clustering identified four clusters with distinct patterns and further showed that insulin clearance positively correlated with circulating CEACAM1, especially in individuals with normoglycemia, lower obesity and hepatic steatosis. This suggests that circulating CEACAM1 can reflect the status of hepatic insulin clearance.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates a progressive increase in insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in parallel to elevated BMI and hepatic steatosis prevalence, accompanied by declining circulating CEACAM1 levels. Cluster analysis further linked reduced insulin clearance to lower circulating CEACAM1 levels, suggesting its potential usefulness as a biomarker for metabolic disease progression.
CEACAM1 in vascular homeostasis and inflammation
Authors: Götz Lisa , Rueckschloss Uwe , Ergün Süleyman , Kleefeldt Florian
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The glycoprotein Carcinoembryonic Antigen‐related Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (CEACAM1), also known as CD66a, is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is expressed in a variety of tissues including epithelial, immune, as well as endothelial cells, and is crucial to diverse physiological and pathological mechanisms. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of CEACAM1's multifaceted roles in vascular biology and inflammatory processes.

Methods

Directed literature research was conducted using databases, such as PubMed, and relevant studies were categorized based on the physiological effects of CEACAM1.

Results

CEACAM1 plays a pivotal role in vascular homeostasis, particularly influencing the formation, maturation, and aging of blood vessels, as well as the endothelial barrier function. It supports endothelium‐dependent vasodilation and nitric oxide formation, thus promoting vascular integrity and regulating blood pressure. Additionally, CEACAM1 is of emerging importance to vascular inflammation and its potential clinical consequences.

Conclusion

CEACAM1 is a crucial regulator of vascular homeostasis and inflammation with significant implications for cardiovascular health. Despite the lack of understanding of tissue‐specific modulation and isoform‐dependent mechanisms, CEACAM1 could be a promising therapeutic target for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in the future.
The influence of hypoxia‐mediated CEACAM6 upregulation on epithelial cell and macrophage response in the context of gastric cancer
Authors: Poirah Indrajit , Chakraborty Debashish , Dixit Pragyesh , Samal Supriya , Banerjee Smaran , Mukherjee Tathagata , Chattopadhyay Subhasis , Nath Gautam , Bhattacharyya Asima
Published: December 2024

Background

The hypoxic microenvironment is a key component of the gastric tumour niche. Carcinoembryonic antigen‐related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) is upregulated in gastric cancer and is considered a novel biomarker for the disease. However, no prior studies have elaborated on the status of CEACAM6 and its role in the hypoxic gastric cancer niche.

Methods

In this short study, we evaluated the effect of hypoxia in modulating CEACAM6 level in gastric cancer cells (GCCs) through western blotting and determined the effect of CEACAM6 upregulation on gastric cancer progression through clonogenicity, cell proliferation and migration assays. The wound‐healing ability of GCCs was downregulated by siRNA‐mediated CEACAM6 silencing. Human gastric cancer biopsy samples were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy to assess the level of a hypoxia marker HIF1α and CEACAM6. The effect of empty vector or CEACAM6‐expression on peripheral blood‐derived mononuclear cell (PBMC)‐derived macrophage polarization under normoxia or hypoxia was studied by incubating macrophages in conditioned medium collected from GCC cultures. Macrophage polarization status was observed using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by macrophages was evaluated using fluorescence microscopy.

Results

We identified that hypoxia promoted CEACAM6 in GCCs, and these cells acquired increased proliferative potential and migration ability. Moreover, the cell culture supernatant from hypoxia‐exposed CEACAM6‐overexpressing cells promoted an M2‐like macrophage population and discouraged the M1 phenotype.

Conclusion

This study established that hypoxia increased CEACAM6 which promoted gastric cancer progression by influencing GCC proliferation and motility as well as macrophage polarization.
The emerging role of Fusobacteria in carcinogenesis
Authors: Gibbs Raisha J. , Chambers Adam C. , Hill Darryl J.
Published: December 2024

The Fusobacterium genus comprises Gram‐negative, obligate anaerobic bacteria that typically reside in the periodontium of the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and female genital tract. The association of Fusobacterial spp. with colorectal tumours is widely accepted, with further evidence that this pathogen may also be implicated in the development of other malignancies. Fusobacterial spp. influence malignant cell behaviours and the tumour microenvironment in various ways, which can be related to the multiple surface adhesins expressed. These adhesins include Fap2 (fibroblast‐activated protein 2), CpbF (CEACAM binding protein of Fusobacteria), FadA (Fusobacterium adhesin A) and FomA (Fusobacterial outer membrane protein A). This review outlines the influence of Fusobacteria in promoting cancer initiation and progression, impacts of therapeutic outcomes and discusses potential therapeutic interventions where appropriate.
The Impact of Economic Growth Targets on Environmental Pollution: A Study From Chinese Cities
Authors: Zhou Yicheng , Zhang Zihan , Lin Boqiang
Published: December 2024

China's economic growth target (EGT) embodies the typical characteristics of extensive development model. Based on the panel data of Chinese cities from 2004 to 2019, this paper examines the impact of EGT on pollution emissions. The results show that China's EGT has significantly increased environmental pollution. Especially before 2013, in order to speed up economic growth and cope with the pressure of the financial crisis, various regions tend to set higher EGT, leading to the aggravation of environmental pollution. After 2013, the promoting effect of EGT on environmental pollution is significantly weakened. Urban heterogeneity analysis shows that the impact of EGT on environmental pollution is different in different cities. The promotion effect of the EGT on environmental pollution is more evident in the western, northeastern, non‐administrative center and resource‐based cities. The industrial structure, technical intensity of industry and effective allocation of production factors are important influencing channels for EGT to affect environmental pollution. Therefore, properly handling the contradiction between economic growth pressure and environmental governance is the key to China's sustainable economic development.
Treatment of a Gingival Recession With In‐Office Orthodontic Aligners and Gingival Graft
Authors: Ohira Eduardo Terumi Blatt , Henriques Aline Goerll , Ohira Gustavo , Valarelli Fabrício Pinelli , Pinzan‐Vercelino Celia Regina Maio , Freitas Karina Maria Salvatore , Cotrin Paula
Published: December 2024

Objective

Gingival recession is a complication that can occur after orthodontic treatment, and its cause is still very controversial in the literature. The objective of this study was to report a clinical case of orthodontic retreatment conducted with in‐office aligners and root coverage using free gingival graft, connective tissue graft, and Emdogaim for a patient with severe gingival recession.

Clinical Considerations

This report presents a potential solution to correct a gingival recession with in‐office clear aligner. A mandibular left lateral incisor whose root was positioned buccally to the bone plate, likely due to improper bonding of a fractured orthodontic retainer. The treatment consisted of 10 in‐office aligners, which effectively repositioned the root within the alveolus. After the orthodontic retreatment, the patient underwent gingival grafting surgery, which was successful due to the accurate positioning of the root in the socket, influencing bone deposition in the area. Subsequent 4‐year follow‐up showed treatment stability, mainly in the soft tissue area.

Conclusion

Within the limitations of this case report, the in‐office aligners facilitated individualized and precise movements, allowing for torque adjustments when necessary. Besides that, the improved root positioning facilitated successful surgical procedures for covering the gingival recession, including the free gingival graft (FGG) and connective tissue graft with Emdogain (CTG + Emdogain).

Clinical Significance

This case report presents an orthodontic treatment alternative for the multidisciplinary correction of a gingival recession, meeting the esthetic and functional demands of an adult patient.
Modelling Citrus Huanglongbing Spread in Scenarios Involving Alternative Hosts, Vector Populations and Removal of Symptomatic Plants
Authors: Ternes Sônia , Vilamiu Raphael G. d' A. , Moreira Alécio Souza , Rossi Marcelo , Santos Tâmara T. de C. , Laranjeira Francisco Ferraz
Published: December 2024

Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most devastating citrus disease around the world. We have modelled HLB spread in scenarios with different populational levels of the main alternative host (Murraya paniculata) and Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Asian citrus psyllid—ACP) vector of HLB‐associated bacteria and the removal of HLB‐symptomatic plants. A compartmental deterministic mathematical model was built for representing the HLB dynamics in the Recôncavo Baiano, Bahia State, Brazil. The model encompasses delays on latency and incubation disease periods and on the ACP nymphal stages. The simulations indicated that presence of alternative hosts at a low proportion would not play a crucial role in HLB dynamics in situations of poor ACP management, regardless of HLB‐symptomatic plant eradication. Symptomatic citrus plants contribute more to increase the HLB incidence than the alternative host in scenarios without a suitable ACP management.
Comparative Genomics Reveals Sources of Genetic Variability in the Asexual Fungal Plant Pathogen Colletotrichum lupini
Authors: Alkemade Joris A. , Hohmann Pierre , Messmer Monika M. , Barraclough Timothy G.
Published: December 2024

Fungal plant pathogens cause major crop losses worldwide, with many featuring compartmentalised genomes that include both core and accessory regions, which are believed to drive adaptation. The highly host‐specific fungus Colletotrichum lupini greatly impacts lupin (Lupinus spp.) cultivation. This pathogen is part of clade 1 of the C. acutatum species complex and comprises four genetically uniform, presumably clonal, lineages (I–IV). Despite this, variation in virulence and morphology has been observed within these lineages. To investigate the potential sources of genetic variability in this asexual fungus, we compared the genomes of 16 C. lupini strains and 17 related Colletotrichum species. Phylogenomics confirmed the presence of four distinct lineages, but further examination based on genome size, gene content, transposable elements (TEs), and deletions revealed that lineage II could be split into two groups, II‐A and II‐B. TE content varied between lineages and correlated strongly with genome size variation, supporting a role for TEs in genome expansion in this species. Pangenome analysis revealed a highly variable accessory genome, including a minichromosome present in lineages II, III, and IV, but absent in lineage I. Accessory genes and effectors appeared to cluster in proximity to TEs. Presence/absence variation of putative effectors was lineage‐specific, suggesting that these genes play a crucial role in determining host range. Notably, no effectors were found on the TE‐rich minichromosome. Our findings shed light on the potential mechanisms generating genetic diversity in this asexual fungal pathogen that could aid future disease management.
Comparison of survival outcomes in haemodialysis versus immediate‐start peritoneal dialysis: A propensity‐matched study
Authors: Lee Jee Young , Cho Hyunjin , Park Jung‐Hwan , Jo Young‐Il
Published: December 2024

Aim

Recent reports suggest that immediate‐start peritoneal dialysis (ISPD) initiated immediately after catheter insertion demonstrates better long‐term outcomes. However, the survival rate of ISPD versus haemodialysis (HD) remains uncertain. This study aimed to compare survival rates between ISPD and HD using a matched‐pair cohort.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 911 patients with end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) who received HD or peritoneal dialysis at our centre between August 2005 and September 2023. After 1:1 propensity score matching between ISPD and HD patients, we calculated survival rates using Kaplan–Meier analysis and identified the influencing factors with multivariate Cox regression.

Results

In this cohort of 911 patients, ISPD and HD groups included 162 and 676 patients respectively. After 1:1 propensity matching 140 patients on ISPD were matched with 140 patients on HD. The 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, 4‐, and 5‐year survival rates were 98.5%, 93.6%, 92.5%, 91.1%, and 91.1% for ISPD, and 96.3%, 93.0%, 90.4%, 87.2%, and 83.3% for HD groups (log‐rank p = 0.17). The survival rates were comparable between the groups. However, in the non‐diabetic population, patients on ISPD showed significantly higher survival rates than those on HD (log‐rank p = .03). Diabetes was an independent risk factor for mortality in the ISPD group according to multivariate Cox regression.

Conclusion

Long‐term survival rates were comparable between ISPD and HD groups. The survival benefit was more pronounced in the non‐diabetic population. These results suggest that ISPD may be a better renal replacement therapy option than HD, particularly for the non‐diabetic ESKD population in terms of patient survival.

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Learning Curve of Uniportal Compared With Biportal Endoscopic Techniques for the Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation
Authors: Liu Yuquan , Li Xiang , Tan Haining , Hao Xinyi , Zhu Bin , Yang Yong , Yu Lingjia
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Currently, unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) and uniportal full‐endoscopic (UFE) techniques for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH) are gaining popularity. However, studies investigating the number of surgeries needed for surgeons to achieve proficiency in these procedures are lacking. This study aims to compare the early learning curve for UBE and UFE when treating LDH.

Methods

The learning curve for two fellowship‐trained surgeons at our institution was retrospectively assessed for 160 consecutive patients (UFE: n = 100, UBE: n = 60) who underwent procedures between September 2020 and May 2023. Surgeon 1 first learned UBE, followed by UFE (S1BF), while Surgeon 2 first learned UFE and then UBE (S2FB). Operation time was evaluated as the primary outcome for determining the learning curve using cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis. Secondary outcomes assessing endoscopic prowess include surgical outcomes, such as fluoroscopy usage times, postoperative hospital stays, the incidence of complications, and clinical outcomes, including visual analog scale (VAS) scores for back and leg pain, Oswestry disability index (ODI) score and modified MacNab criteria.

Results

The learning curve analysis identified the cutoff point in UBE at 14 cases and 11 cases for S1BF and S2FB, respectively, and in UFE at 31 cases and 27 cases, respectively. Without UFE or UBE experience, at the last follow‐up, both the VAS back and leg pain in UFE were significantly higher than that in UBE (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the incidence of complications of UFE was also higher than that of UBE (29.0% vs. 7.1%). When surgeons have previous UFE or UBE experience, there was no significant difference in the clinical outcomes between UFE and UBE, and the complication rates were also similar (p > 0.05). After gaining UBE experience, the UFE performed by S1BF showed significantly better outcomes in fluoroscopy usage times (p = 0.024), surgical complications (p = 0.036), last follow‐up VAS back pain (p = 0.003), and leg pain (p < 0.001) compared to S2FB. However, after gaining UFE experience, the S2FB only showed significant improvement in operation time (p = 0.041) during the process of learning UBE compared to S1BF.

Conclusions

Regardless of whether UBE or UFE is learned first, both techniques can significantly shorten the learning curve for the other technique. We recommend prioritizing the learning of UBE. Compared with UBE, the learning curve for UFE was significantly steeper and longer with higher incidence of complications in the early stage.
Green Features: A Pathway to Climate Change Mitigation in Gombe State University (GSU), Nigeria
Authors: Abdulsalam Rufai Salihu , Magaji Abubakar
Published: December 2024

The adoption of green features in the built environment has emerged as a promising pathway towards climate change mitigation. This article explored the role of green features in mitigating climate change concerns within the Nigerian context, with a focus on the case study of Gombe State University (GSU) as a case study. The study employed a multiple approach, including literature review, case study analysis, and content analysis of relevant documents, to investigate the implementation of sustainable sustainability initiatives at GSU. Key findings from the study revealed that GSU has made a significant stride towards climate change mitigation by successfully implemented various green initiatives, including afforestation, erosion control measures, renewable energy integration, and eco-friendly waste management. Specifically, the university has planted over 3,000 seedlings (including 500 date palms and other fruit and non-fruit trees) and established a mini-animal zoo park for animal conservation. These efforts have greatly demonstrated an improved eco-friendly and conducive learning atmosphere and mitigate the effect of climate change and in return reduced the carbon footprint and erosion control. The research concluded by demonstrating that green features can be a successful strategy for Nigerian universities to combat climate change and create sustainable campuses. Thus, recommending integration of green features into institutional policies, increased awareness campaigns within the educational sector, encouraging renewable energy adoption, implementing comprehensive waste management strategies, and further research on optimizing green features for the Nigerian context. By embracing these recommendations, Nigerian universities can serve as models for climate change mitigation and sustainable development, contributing to the country's efforts to achieve SDGs Goals 13.
Modular Housing: Is it a Catholicon for the Housing Stock Deficit in Lagos, Nigeria?
Authors: Oluwunmi Adedamola Olufunke , Coker Olumuyiwa Michael
Published: December 2024

Modular homes appear to be a promising housing option that keeps pace with the rapid rate of urbanisation, especially in growing cities like Lagos. Consequently, this study investigates how professionals in the built environment perceive modular homes, with an emphasis on how they could be a potential solution to the deficit of housing in Lagos State, Nigeria. The primary goals are to navigate the multifaceted aspects of modular housing, examine its merits, identify barriers to its adoption, and gauge its feasibility in the Nigerian context. To achieve these, 200 questionnaires were disseminated among professionals in the built environment in Lagos, and 147 (73.5%) were returned. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Key findings revealed that modular housing, due to its rapid construction timelines, is a time-efficient solution. However, concerns about initial investment costs and design flexibility emerged as potential barriers to adoption. There is also a clear acknowledgement of the environmental benefits of modular housing, with reduced construction waste indicating its sustainability. Factor analysis is pivotal for revealing deeper insights. For instance, respondents’ lack of in-depth knowledge about modular housing was a primary barrier, accounting for 62.67% of the variance. Similarly, advocacy for modular housing was seen as a significant strategy for its adoption, with 52.38% variability. However, challenges remain. A predominant belief among respondents is that modular homes might be inferior in quality to homes built using traditional construction methods. Furthermore, bureaucratic hurdles in obtaining permits could deter investors and developers from undertaking modular housing projects. In conclusion, although modular housing offers a beacon of hope for solving mass housing problems in burgeoning cities like Lagos, clear challenges remain. This study recommends more vigorous advocacy efforts, targeted government intervention, and robust public-private partnerships.
Strategic Pathways to Sustainable Development: A Comprehensive Review of the Benefits and Barriers of Green Buildings
Authors: Nooradzhar Fathin Shahiera , Abdullah @ Mohd Asmoni Mat Naim
Published: December 2024

As environmental concerns grow globally, green building practices have become essential in promoting sustainable development. This paper provides a comprehensive review aimed at evaluating the multifaceted benefits, barriers, and strategic pathways related to the implementation of green buildings. The study employs a systematic literature review, analysing 90 significant studies from databases such as Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, to assess the economic, environmental, and social impacts of green building practices. The results highlight that green buildings offer substantial benefits, including reduced energy consumption, improved indoor air quality, enhanced occupant health and productivity, and long-term cost savings. Despite these advantages, the widespread adoption of green building practices faces considerable challenges, notably high initial construction costs, regulatory obstacles, and limited awareness among stakeholders. Furthermore, the study identifies significant gaps in the existing literature concerning the regional and contextual variations in the effectiveness of green building strategies. The implications of this research are crucial for policymakers, developers, and industry professionals who are working towards sustainable urban development. The findings suggest that overcoming the identified barriers requires coordinated efforts, including the implementation of supportive policies, financial incentives, and extensive public education campaigns. By addressing these challenges, green buildings can play a pivotal role in achieving global sustainability goals and fostering resilient, eco-friendly urban environments.
Condition Precedents to the Extension of Time (EOT) Claims in Building and Infrastructure Projects: A Review of the Malaysian Litigation Cases
Authors: Aminuddin Farrah , Ch’ng Wei Ting , Ismail Aimi Sara
Published: December 2024

Delays in building and infrastructure construction projects are a persistent issue that significantly affects the project completion and often results in legal disputes, increased costs, and reduced productivity. Generally, building and infrastructure construction contracts include Extension of Time (EOT) provisions to address delays and to protect the contractor from liquidated damages and penalties due to neutral events and delays caused by the employers. However, EOT claims frequently entangled with disputes due to contractors’ failure to fulfil the condition precedent required for such claims. This purpose of the study is to identify issues relating to the condition precedent for Extension of Time (EOT) claims based on the Malaysian litigation cases and to analyse the ground of judgment on Extension of Time (EOT) claim. The study examines building and infrastructure construction-related cases reported in the Malayan Law Journal (MLJ) from 2013 to 2023. A systematic methodology that incorporates a comprehensive literature review and data collection from court cases using PRISMA guidelines was employed in this research. The findings reveal several issues relating to condition precedent to EOT claims, which are notification requirements, causation, criticality of delay, substantiation of claims, and mitigation efforts. The analysis to the grounds of judgment on EOT claim litigation cases shows that courts often examine whether proper and timely notices were given as required by the contract, the need for clear and convincing evidence to establish the causation of delays, the criticality of the delay events and their impact on the project's critical path, the substantiation of claims with adequate documentation, and the contractor's efforts to mitigate delays. This study contributes to the understanding and raising awareness for contract parties to fulfil the condition precedent to EOT claims. The findings provide significant insights for the project stakeholders in improving claim management practices and reducing time-related disputes in the construction industry.
(Non‐)existence of Cannon–Thurston maps for Morse boundaries
Authors: Charney Ruth , Cordes Matthew , Goldsborough Antoine , Sisto Alessandro , Zbinden Stefanie
Published: December 2024

We show that the Morse boundary exhibits interesting examples of both the existence and non‐existence of Cannon–Thurston maps for normal subgroups, in contrast with the hyperbolic case.
Chow rings of matroids as permutation representations
Authors: Angarone Robert , Nathanson Anastasia , Reiner Victor
Published: December 2024

Given a matroid with a symmetry group, we study the induced group action on the Chow ring of the matroid with respect to symmetric building sets. This turns out to always be a permutation action. Work of Adiprasito, Huh and Katz showed that the Chow ring satisfies Poincaré duality and the Hard Lefschetz theorem. We lift these to statements about this permutation action, and suggest further conjectures in this vein.
On models of irreducible q-representations of Lie algebra 𝒦5
Authors: Kapoor Ayushi , Sahai Vivek
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we construct models of irreducible [Formula: see text]-representations of the five-dimensional Lie algebra [Formula: see text] in terms of [Formula: see text]-derivative and [Formula: see text]-dilation operators. These models are transformed to new models of [Formula: see text] using the theory of fractional [Formula: see text]-calculus and [Formula: see text]-Euler integral transformation. The transformed models are in terms of inverse [Formula: see text]-derivative operators and difference [Formula: see text]-dilation operators. These models are further exploited to obtain interesting recurrence relations and matrix elements.