bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Highly Efficient Phosphorescence/Fluorescence Supramolecular Switch Based on a Bromoisoquinoline Cascaded Assembly in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Dai Xian‐Yin , Hu Yu‐Yang , Sun Yonghui , Huo Man , Dong Xiaoyun , Liu Yu
Published: March 2022

Despite ongoing research into photocontrolled supramolecular switches, reversible photoswitching between room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and delayed fluorescence is rare in the aqueous phase. Herein, an efficient RTP‐fluorescence switch based on a cascaded supramolecular assembly is reported, which is constructed using a 6‐bromoisoquinoline derivative (G3), cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]), sulfonatocalix[4]arene (SC4A4), and a photochromic spiropyran (SP) derivative. Benefiting from the confinement effect of CB[7], initial complexation with CB[7] arouses an emerging RTP signal at 540 nm for G3. This structure subsequently coassembles with amphiphilic SC4A4 to form tight spherical nanoparticles, thereby further facilitating RTP emission (≈12 times) in addition to a prolonged lifetime (i.e., 1.80 ms c.f., 50.1 µs). Interestingly, following cascaded assembly with a photocontrolled energy acceptor (i.e., SP), the efficient light‐driven RTP energy transfer occurs when SP is transformed to its fluorescent merocyanine (MC) state. Ultimately, this endows the final system with an excellent RTP–fluorescence photoswitching property accompanied by multicolor tunable long‐lived emission. Moreover, this switching process can be reversibly modulated over multiple cycles under alternating UV and visible photoirradiation. Finally, the prepared switch is successfully applied to photocontrolled multicolor cell labeling to offer a new approach for the design and fabrication of novel advanced light‐responsive RTP materials in aqueous environments.
Subsurface banding poultry litter influences edamame yield, forage quality, and leaf greenness
Authors: Ashworth Amanda J. , Adams Taylor C. , Nieman Christine , Franco Jose G. , Owens Phillip R.
Published: March 2022

Poultry litter is generated in large quantities throughout the southeastern United States and is an excellent nutrient source for increasing crop yields. However, surface applications result in nutrient losses to air, soil, and water. Subsurface banding poultry litter is a promising technology for reducing nutrient losses to surface and groundwater, but information is needed on optimum crop seeding distance from bands. This study evaluated edamame [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Edamame’] yield (residue, pod, and total plant), crop quality, and leaf greenness. Subsurface banded poultry litter and crop row distances (13, 25, and 38 cm) were compared with surface‐applied poultry litter (all received 168 kg ha−1 total N) under irrigated and nonirrigated conditions from 2019 to 2020. Both chlorophyll and edamame total yields were greatest (P ≤ .05) under subsurface banding litter, relative to surface applications, regardless of distance. Overall, greatest total crop yields were observed for 13‐ and 25‐cm banding distances under irrigation and the 38‐cm distance, irrespective of irrigation, relative to surface applications. Residue nutritive value for the 13‐cm distance was greater under irrigation than dryland. Both systems provided high levels of nutritive residual mass, thus edamame could be used as a vegetable crop and a forage following harvest. Overall, subsurface banding poultry litter in conservation tillage systems is a viable replacement to surface applications for edamame production (vegetable and fodder), particularly in organic systems. Results can be used to develop nutrient management plans for organic edamame and other specialty crop production systems in the Mid‐South.
Improving the load flexibility of industrial air separation units using a pressure‐driven digital twin
Authors: Kender Robert , Rößler Felix , Wunderlich Bernd , Pottmann Martin , Thomas Ingo , Ecker Anna‐Maria , Rehfeldt Sebastian , Klein Harald
Published: March 2022

Air separation units are one of the prime examples for studies on demand side management and (non‐)linear model predictive control due to their high power consumption and energy storage potential. These plants separate ambient air into its main components, nitrogen, oxygen, and argon, by means of cryogenic distillation at different pressure levels. Approximately two thirds of the industrially operated air separation units consider the separation of argon either as a value product or for reasons of energy efficiency. However, most of the studies in literature neglect the separation of argon since this requires additional equipment, increases the heat and process integration and, thus, the complexity of process control. In this work, a digital twin of an air separation unit with argon system is used to analyze and to improve load change procedures. Moreover, the potential of applying the digital twin as a soft sensor is demonstrated.
Cultural efficacy as a novel component of understanding linkages between culture and mental health in Indigenous communities
Authors: Gonzalez Miigis B. , Sittner Kelley J. , Walls Melissa L.
Published: March 2022

We used a novel measure of cultural efficacy to examine empirical pathways between enculturation, efficacy, and two wellbeing outcomes. Cultural factors are not consistently linked to better wellbeing in the academic literature despite widespread understanding of these processes in Indigenous communities. Healing pathways is a community‐based participatory study with eight reservations/reserves in the upper Midwest and Canada. This study uses data collected in 2017–2018 (n = 453, 58.1% women, mean age = 26.3 years) and structural equation modeling to test the relationships between enculturation, cultural efficacy, and mental health. The direct effect of enculturation on anxiety was positive. The indirect effect of enculturation via cultural efficacy was negatively associated with anxiety and positively associated with positive mental health. Cultural efficacy is an important linking variable through which the protective effects of culture manifest. The complex nature of culture must be met with innovative measures and deep understanding of Indigenous peoples to fully capture the protective role of culture.
Natural killer cells: Innate immune system as a part of adaptive immunotherapy in hematological malignancies
Authors: Demel Ivo , Koristek Zdenek , Motais Benjamin , Hajek Roman , Jelinek Tomas
Published: March 2022

Natural killer (NK) cells are part of a phylogenetically old defense system, which is characterized by its strong cytolytic function against physiologically stressed cells such as tumor cells and virus‐infected cells. Their use in the treatment of hematological malignancies may be more advantageous in several ways when compared with the already established T lymphocyte‐based immunotherapy. Given the different mechanisms of action, allogeneic NK cell products can be produced in a non‐personal based manner without the risk of the formidable graft‐versus‐host disease. Advanced manufacturing processes are capable of producing NK cells relatively easily in large and clinically sufficient numbers, useable without subsequent manipulations or after genetic modifications, which can solve the lack of specificity and improve clinical efficacy of NK cell products. This review summarizes the basic characteristics of NK cells and provides a quick overview of their sources. Results of clinical trials in hematological malignancies are presented, and strategies on how to improve the clinical outcome of NK cell therapy are discussed.
Primate cognition in zoos: Reviewing the impact of zoo‐based research over 15 years
Authors: McEwen Emma S. , Warren Elizabeth , Tenpas Sadie , Jones Benjamin , Durdevic Kresimir , Rapport Munro Emilie , Call Josep
Published: March 2022

Primate cognition research is reliant on access to members of the study sp ecies and logistical infrastructures to conduct observations and experiments. Historically founded in research centers and private collections, and spreading to modern zoos, sanctuaries, and the field, primate cognition has been investigated in diverse settings, each with benefits and challenges. In our systematic review of 12 primatology, animal behavior, and animal cognition journals over the last 15 years, we turn a spotlight on zoos to quantify their current impact on the field and to highlight their potential as robust contributors to future work. To put zoo‐based research in context, we compare zoos to three other site types: university‐owned or independent research centers, sanctuaries, and field sites. We assess the contributions of zoos across several critical considerations in primate cognition research, including number of investigations, species diversity, sample size, research topic diversity, and methodology. We identified 1119 publications reporting studies of primate cognition, almost 25% of which report research conducted in zoos. Across publications, zoo‐based research has greater species diversity than research centers and covers a diverse range of research topics. Although our review is merely a snapshot of primate cognition research, our findings suggest that zoos may present advantages to researchers regarding species diversity, and lack some of the methodological constraints of field sites, allowing greater ease of access to a diverse range of subjects for cognition investigations. We suggest that zoos have great potential as key contributors for future investigations in primate cognition. Finally, we shed light on the symbiotic relationship that can emerge between researchers and zoos, forming partnerships that bring unique advantages to both parties.
SARS‐CoV‐2 and Mitochondrial Proteins in Neural‐Derived Exosomes of COVID‐19
Authors: Peluso Michael J. , Deeks Steven G. , Mustapic Maja , Kapogiannis Dimitrios , Henrich Timothy J. , Lu Scott , Goldberg Sarah A. , Hoh Rebecca , Chen Jessica Y. , Martinez Enrique O. , Kelly J. Daniel , Martin Jeffrey N. , Goetzl Edward J.
Published: March 2022

Objective

As SARS‐CoV‐2 is known to invade neural cell mitochondria, a plasma system for quantifying central nervous system proteins in living humans was used to investigate neuropathogenic mechanisms of long‐COVID‐19.

Methods

SARS‐CoV‐2 proteins and mitochondrial proteins (MPs) in enriched plasma neuron‐derived extracellular vesicles (NDEVs) and astrocyte‐derived EVs (ADEVs) were quantified in resolved acute COVID‐19 without post‐acute sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2 (PASC), PASC without neuropsychiatric manifestations (NP), PASC with NP and healthy controls.

Results

NDEV and ADEV mean levels of SARS‐CoV‐2 S1 and nucleocapsid (N) proteins were higher in all PASC sub‐groups than controls, but only N levels were higher in PASC with than without NP. Exosome marker CD81‐normalized NDEV mean levels of subunit 6 of MP respiratory chain complex I and subunit 10 of complex III, and neuroprotective MPs Humanin and mitochondrial open‐reading frame of the 12S rRNA‐c (MOTS‐c) all were decreased significantly in PASC with NP but not in PASC without NP relative to controls. NDEV levels of MPs voltage‐dependent anion‐selective channel protein 1 (VDAC1) and N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor 1 (NMDAR1) were decreased in PASC without and with NP, whereas those of calcium channel MPs mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), sodium/calcium exchanger (NCLX) and leucine zipper EF‐hand containing transmembrane 1 protein (LETM1) were decreased only in PASC with NP. ADEV levels of MCU and NCLX only were increased in PASC without and with NP.

Interpretation

Abnormal NDEV and ADEV levels of SARS‐CoV‐2 N and S1 protein and MPs correlate with NP and may be biomarkers for long‐COVID prognostics and therapeutic trials. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:772–781
Funktionalisierte Cofaktor‐Analoga für die Erforschung von Interaktomen und darüber hinaus
Authors: Wilkinson Isabel V. L. , Pfanzelt Martin , Sieber Stephan A.
Published: March 2022

Cofaktoren werden für beinahe die Hälfte aller Enzymreaktionen benötigt. Ihre Funktionen und Bindungspartner sind jedoch auch nach jahrzehntelanger Forschung noch nicht vollständig verstanden. Funktionalisierte Cofaktoren (Analoga), die anstelle des natürlichen Cofaktors binden, können darauf Antworten liefern und den Aktivitätsbereich des jeweiligen Cofaktors aufklären. Mithilfe chemischer Proteomik‐Ansätze wie des aktivitätsbasierten Protein‐Profilings können das Interaktom und die Lokalisierung des nativen Cofaktors in seiner physiologischen Umgebung entschlüsselt und bisher uncharakterisierte Proteine annotiert werden. Darüber hinaus können Cofaktoren, die funktionelle Gruppen an Substrat‐Biomoleküle übertragen, genutzt werden, um als Analoge Enzyme ortsspezifisch zu markieren und die komplexe Biologie der posttranslationalen Proteinmodifikation zu untersuchen. Die vielfältige Aktivität von Cofaktoren hat die Entwicklung von deren Analoga für den Einsatz als Inhibitoren, Antibiotika sowie Chemo‐ und Biosensoren inspiriert. Darüber hinaus haben Cofaktor‐Konjugate die Herstellung neuartiger Enzyme und künstlicher DNA‐Enzyme ermöglicht.
Antitumor and multikinase inhibition activities of some synthesized coumarin and benzofuran derivatives
Authors: Ahmed Eman Y. , Abdelhafez Omaima M. , Zaafar Dalia , Serry Aya M. , Ahmed Yasmine H. , El‐Telbany Rania Farag A. , Abd Elmageed Zakaria Y. , Ali Hamed I.
Published: March 2022

Two new series of coumarin and benzofuran derivatives were designed, synthesized, and assessed for their in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities against breast cancer. Compounds 8, 9, 14, 15, and 17 exhibited the best antiproliferative activities (IC50: 0.07−2.94 μM) against the MCF‐7 cell line, compared with lapatinib (IC50: 4.69 μM). Compound 14, with the most potent cytotoxic activity against MCF‐7 cells, was capable of enhancing preG1 apoptosis and triggering cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. The kinase inhibitory activity of compound 14 against a panel of 22 kinases was examined to reveal multikinase inhibition within −39% to −97%. Furthermore, compound 14 exhibited potent in vivo Ehrlich (mammary adenocarcinoma) tumor regression, positive caspase‐3, and negative EGFR immunoreaction, and was capable of elevating the catalase level. The physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetic parameters of compound 14 were investigated in silico for its druglikeness.
Metal‐free Sulfur‐doped graphitic carbon nitride‐modified GCE‐based electrocatalyst for the enhanced electrochemical determination of Omeprazole in Drug formulations and Biological Samples
Authors: Pandian Kannaiyan , Kalayarasi Jayaprakash , Gopinath Subash C.B.
Published: March 2022

This study presents a novel sulfur‐doped graphitic carbon nitride (S@g‐C3N4) with a wider potential range as electrocatalyst for electrochemical sensor application. The S@g‐C3N4 nanosheets were successfully prepared with a ball milling method by mixing appropriate molar concentration required precursors. The as‐synthesized heteroatom‐doped graphitic carbon nitride is characterized by spectroscopic techniques including PL, DRS‐UV, FT‐IR, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller equation. The morphological features were studied by FE‐SEM and HR‐TEM analysis. Chit‐S@g‐C3N4‐modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was employed for the electrochemical detection of omeprazole (OMZ) use in drug formulations. We have noted an oxidation peak current response at a potential of +0.8 V versus Ag/AgCl in PBS medium (0.1 M, pH 7.0). Differential pulse voltammetry amperometry experimental method can be used to measure the concentration of OMZ for quantitative studies in known samples. Under the optimized experimental condition, the calibration plot was constructed by plotting the peak currents versus OMZ in the linear ranges from 6.0 × 10−7 to 26 × 10−5 M. The linear regression equation is estimated to be Ip (μA) = 0.9518 (C/μM) + 0.3340 with a good correlation coefficient of 0.9996. The lower determination limit was found to be 20 nM and the current sensitivity was calculated (31.722 μA μM−1 cm−2). The developed sensor was utilized successfully to determine the OMZ concentration in drug formulations and biological fluids. These results revealed that the Chit‐S@g‐C3N4‐modified GCE showed excellent electroanalytical performance for the detection of OMZ at a low LOD, wider linear range, high sensitivity, good reproducibility, long‐term storage stability, and selectivity with an acceptable relative standard deviation value.
Iongel Soft Solid Electrolytes Based on [DEME][TFSI] Ionic Liquid for Low Polarization Lithium‐O2 Batteries
Authors: Alvarez‐Tirado Marta , Castro Laurent , Guéguen Aurélie , Mecerreyes David
Published: March 2022

Lithium‐air/O2 batteries are a promising battery technology for automotive applications due to their high energy density. However, many challenges need to be solved, particularly the high reactivity of the electrolyte with oxygen superoxide radicals and its low cyclability. In this work, we present a simple and fast way to prepare polymer‐based iongel soft solid electrolytes. Thermally and mechanically stable iongels are prepared by fast UV‐photopolymerisation exhibiting a high ionic conductivity (∼1.2×10−3 S cm−1 at 25 °C). When used as solid electrolytes in lithium symmetrical cells, they can withstand a critical current density of 0.5 mA cm−2. Performance in Li−O2 cells showed capacities as large as 3.3 mAh cm−2, and cycling capability of 25 cycles, exceeding results on liquid‐counterpart cells.
Impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on patients with obstructing urinary stones complicated by infection
Authors: Herzberg Haim , Savin Ziv , Lasmanovich Rinat , Marom Ron , Ben‐David Reuben , Mano Roy , Yossepowitch Ofer , Sofer Mario
Published: March 2022

Objective

To assess the influence of COVID‐19‐imposed life changes on presentation and outcomes of patients with obstructing urinary stones complicated by infection.

Patients and methods

All patients presenting with obstructing urinary stones and infection 1 year before the pandemic (March 2019 to February 2020; n = 66) and 1 year since its onset (March 2020 to February 2021; n = 45) were enrolled. Demographics, clinical presentation, laboratory panel, stone characteristics and outcomes were compared between groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were performed for analysis.

Results

The COVID‐19 period was characterised by younger patients, female predominance, higher temperature at presentation and more bilateral obstructing stones (p < 0.05). The admission rate to intensive care units was double that of the pre‐pandemic period, whereas time between diagnosis and treatment was similar. The univariate analysis revealed higher rates of severe sepsis (odds ratio [OR] = 3, p = 0.01), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) ≥ 2 (OR = 2.9, p = 0.01) and risk, injury, failure, loss of kidney function and end‐stage kidney (RIFLE) criteria ≥ 1 (OR = 2.2, p = 0.04) in the pandemic period group. The multivariate analyses revealed the COVID‐19 period as being the sole variable associated with severe sepsis (OR = 3.1, p = 0.02), SIRS ≥ 2 (OR = 3.8, p = 0.005) and RIFLE ≥ 1 (OR = 2.6, p = 0.05).

Conclusions

The pandemic period was characterised by a worse clinical state at presentation of patients with obstructing urinary stones complicated by infection, probably reflecting delay in arrival to emergency services.
Rab34 plays a critical role as a bidirectional regulator of osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Feng Yunxia , Tran Manh Tien , Lu Yanyin , Htike Kaung , Okusha Yuka , Sogawa Chiharu , Eguchi Takanori , Kadowaki Tomoko , Sakai Eiko , Tsukuba Takayuki , Okamoto Kuniaki
Published: March 2022

Accumulating evidence suggests that Rab GTPases representing the largest branch of Ras superfamily have recently emerged as the core factors for the regulation of osteoclastogenesis through modulating vesicular transport amongst specific subcellular compartments. Among these, Rab34 GTPase has been identified to be important for the post‐Golgi secretory pathway and for phagocytosis; nevertheless, its specific role in osteoclastogenesis has been completely obscure. Here, upon the in vitro model of osteoclast formation derived from murine macrophages like RAW‐D cells or bone marrow–derived macrophages, we reveal that Rab34 regulates osteoclastogenesis bidirectionally. More specifically, Rab34 serves as a negative regulator of osteoclast differentiation by promoting the lysosome‐induced proteolysis of two osteoclastogenic surface receptors, c‐fms and RANK, via the axis of early endosomes‐late endosomes–lysosomes, leading to alleviate the transcriptional activity of two of the master regulator of osteoclast differentiation, c‐fos and NFATc‐1, eventually attenuating osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. Besides, Rab34 plays a crucial role in modulating the secretory network of lysosome‐related proteases including matrix metalloprotease 9 and Cathepsin K across the ruffled borders of osteoclasts, contributing to the regulation of bone resorption.
Copy number and expression of CEP89, a protein required for ciliogenesis, are increased and predict poor prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer
Authors: Berkel Caglar , Cacan Ercan
Published: March 2022

CEP89 (centrosomal protein 89) is required for ciliogenesis and mitochondrial metabolism, but its role in cancer has yet to be clarified. We report that CEP89 is overexpressed in ovarian cancer (OC) compared to normal ovaries. Likewise, its expression is higher in malignant ovarian tumors than in borderline ovarian tumors with low malignant potential. More than a quarter of patients with OC have copy number gains in the CEP89 gene, and patients with high expression have more than a year shorter overall survival compared to those with low expression. Moreover, we found that CEP89 can be considered as a prognostic marker for poor overall survival in patients with OC, after adjusting for tumor stage and residual tumor. Nine out of the top 10 protein interactors of CEP89 have the highest percentage of total copy number variation (CNV) events in OC among all other cancer types. Furthermore, CEP89 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels are higher in OC patients with disease recurrence compared to those with no recurrence. We also analyzed CEP89 levels in OC cell lines in terms of CNV, mRNA, and protein levels; and observed that the FUOV‐1 cell line has the highest levels among cell lines that originated from primary sites. Our study suggests that CEP89 may be a valuable prognostic predictor for the overall survival of patients with OC, and it could also be a novel therapeutic target in this malignancy.
Inhibition of extracellular vesicle biogenesis in tumor cells: A possible way to reduce tumorigenesis
Authors: Rezaie Jafar , Akbari Ali , Rahbarghazi Reza
Published: March 2022

Most eukaryotic cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs), which contribute to intracellular communication through transferring different biomolecules such as proteins, RNAs, and lipids to cells. Two main types of EVs are exosomes and microvesicles. Exosomes originate from multivesicular bodies, while microvesicles are shed from the plasma membrane. Mechanisms of exosomes and microvesicle biogenesis/trafficking are complex and many molecules are involved in their biogenesis and secretion. Tumor‐derived EVs contain oncogenic molecules that promote tumor growth, metastasis, immune surveillance, angiogenesis, and chemoresistance. A growing body of evidence indicates various compounds can inhibit biogenesis and secretion of EVs from cells and several experiments were conducted to use EVs‐inhibitors for understanding the biology of the cells or for understanding the pathology of several diseases like cancer. However, the nontargeting effects of drugs/inhibitors remain a concern. Our current knowledge of EVs biogenesis and their inhibition from tumor cells may provide an avenue for cancer management. In this review, we shed light on exosomes and microvesicles biogenesis, key roles of tumor‐derived EVs, and discuss methods used to inhibition of EVs by different inhibitors.
Manganese‐induced parkinsonism responsive to intranasal insulin: A case report
Authors: Salari Mehri , Etemadifar Masoud , Dargahi Leila , Valian Neda , Rezaee Malihe
Published: March 2022

Here, we introduced a patient with Mn‐induced parkinsonism who was responsive to intranasal insulin, and his parkinsonism and dystonia responded to this treatment.
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia in a sudanese patient: A case report
Authors: Toum Ahmed Fadi M. , Eljack Moh. Mah. Fadelallah , Abdulkarim Mohamed , Alamin Mohammed Hiba Faroug
Published: March 2022

(HHT) is a rare disorder affecting the skin and body's internal organs with a tendency for bleeding. We report a case of Sudanese 42‐year‐old with family history of HHT presented with recurrent epistaxis and telangiectasias.
Excess cancer prevalence in men with HIV: A nationwide analysis of Medicaid data
Authors: Koroukian Siran M. , Zhou Guangjin , Navale Suparna M. , Schiltz Nicholas K. , Kim Uriel , Rose Johnie , Cooper Gregory S. , Moore Scott Emory , Mintz Laura J. , Avery Ann K. , Mukherjee Sudipto , Markt Sarah C.
Published: March 2022

Background

Cancer is one of the most common comorbidities in men living with HIV (MLWH). However, little is known about the MLWH subgroups with the highest cancer burden to which cancer prevention efforts should be targeted. Because Medicaid is the most important source of insurance for MLWH, we evaluated the excess cancer prevalence in MLWH on Medicaid relative to their non‐HIV counterparts.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study using 2012 Medicaid Analytic eXtract data nationwide, we flagged the presence of HIV, 13 types of cancer, symptomatic HIV, and viral coinfections using codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification. The study population included individuals administratively noted to be of male sex (men), aged 18 to 64 years, with (n = 82,495) or without (n = 7,302,523) HIV. We developed log‐binomial models with cancer as the outcome stratified by symptomatic status, age, and race/ethnicity.

Results

Cancer prevalence was higher in MLWH than in men without HIV (adjusted prevalence ratio [APR], 1.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.78‐1.90) and was higher among those with symptomatic HIV (APR, 2.74; 95% CI, 2.52‐2.97) than among those with asymptomatic HIV (APR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.67‐1.79). The highest APRs were observed for anal cancer in younger men, both in the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups: APR, 312.97; 95% CI, 210.27‐465.84, and APR, 482.26; 95% CI, 390.67‐595.32, respectively. In race/ethnicity strata, the highest APRs were among Hispanic men for anal cancer (APR, 198.53; 95% CI, 144.54‐272.68) and for lymphoma (APR, 9.10; 95% CI, 7.80‐10.63).

Conclusions

Given the Medicaid program's role in insuring MLWH, the current findings highlight the importance of the program's efforts to promote healthy behaviors and vaccination against human papillomavirus in all children and adolescents and to provide individualized cancer screening for MLWH.
An ounce of prevention: Medicaid's role in reducing the burden of cancer in men with HIV
Authors: Bradley Cathy J. , Sabik Lindsay M.
Published: March 2022

People living with HIV have a great incident of some cancers, and many of these people can expected to live long‐term and will require treatment for cancer. Because many of them are also insured by Medicaid, new approaches to public health practice and policy are needed.
A contemporary systematic review on liver transplantation for unresectable liver metastases of colorectal cancer
Authors: Lebeck Lee Cody M. , Ziogas Ioannis A. , Agarwal Rajiv , Alexopoulos Sophoclis P. , Ciombor Kristen K. , Matsuoka Lea K. , Brown Daniel B. , Eng Cathy
Published: March 2022

The 5‐year overall survival rate of a patient with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer is poor at approximately 14%. Similarly, historical data on liver transplantation (LT) in those with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) showed poor outcomes, with 5‐year survival rates between 12% and 21%. More recently, limited data have shown improved outcomes in select patients with 5‐year overall survival rates of approximately 60%. Despite these reported survival improvements, there is no significant improvement in disease‐free survival. Given the uncertain benefit with this therapeutic approach and a renewed investigational interest, we aimed to conduct a contemporary systematic review on LT for CRLM. A systematic review of the literature was performed according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analysis statement. English articles reporting on data regarding LT for CRLM were identified through the MEDLINE (via PubMed), Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases (last search date: December 16th, 2021) by 2 researchers independently. A total of 58 studies (45 published and 13 ongoing) were included. Although early retrospective studies suggest the possibility that some carefully selected patients may benefit from LT, there is minimal prospective data on the topic and LT remains exploratory in the setting of CRLM. Additionally, several other challenges, such as the limited availability of deceased donor organs and defining appropriate selection criteria, remain when considering the implementation of LT for these patients. Further evidence from ongoing prospective trials is needed to determine if and to what extent there is a role for LT in patients with surgically unresectable CRLM.
Impact of African ancestry on the relationship between body mass index and survival in an early‐stage breast cancer trial (ECOG‐ACRIN E5103)
Authors: Ballinger Tarah J. , Jiang Guanglong , Shen Fei , Miller Kathy D. , Sledge George W. , Schneider Bryan P.
Published: March 2022

Background

African ancestry (AA) and obesity are associated with worse survival in early‐stage breast cancer. Obesity disproportionately affects women of AA; however, the intersection between ancestry and obesity on breast cancer outcomes remains unclear.

Methods

A total of 2854 patients in the adjuvant trial E5103 were analyzed. Genetic ancestry was determined using principal components from a genome‐wide array. The impact of continuous or binary body mass index (BMI) on disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was evaluated by multivariable Cox proportional hazards models in AA patients and European ancestry (EA) patients.

Results

There were 2471 EA patients and 383 AA patients. Higher BMI was significantly associated with worse DFS and OS only in AA patients (DFS hazard ratio [HR], 1.25; 95% CI, 1.07‐1.46; OS HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.10‐1.73), not in EA patients (DFS HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.90‐1.05; OS HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.93‐1.14). Severe obesity (BMI ≥40) was significantly associated with worse survival in AA patients (DFS HR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.21‐3.43; OS HR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.03‐4.75) but had no impact on that of EA patients. In the estrogen receptor–positive (ER+) and triple‐negative breast cancer subgroups, BMI was significantly associated with worse outcomes only in those AA patients with ER+ disease. Within the AA group, BMI remained associated with worse survival regardless of the AA proportion.

Conclusions

Higher BMI was statistically significantly associated with worse breast cancer outcomes in AA but not EA patients. This association was most significant for severe obesity and those with ER+ disease. These observations help define optimal populations for weight change interventions designed to affect disparities and survival in early‐stage breast cancer.

Lay Summary

African ancestry and obesity are both risk factors for worse survival after early‐stage breast cancer.

Women of African descent are also disproportionately affected by obesity; however, it is unclear what impact body weight has on racial disparities in breast cancer.

Data from a large phase 3 clinical trial in high‐risk, early‐stage breast cancer were used to determine how body weight affects survival outcomes in European versus African Americans.

Study results demonstrate that a higher body mass index is associated with increased risk of breast cancer recurrence and worse survival in women of African ancestry but not in women of European ancestry.
Synthesis, Growth, Physicochemical Characterization, and Computational Studies on Aminopyridinium Chloronicotinate Single Crystal
Authors: Amudha G. , Santhakumari R. , Chandrika D. , Mugeshini S. , Rajeswari N. , Sagadevan Suresh
Published: March 2022

Aminopyridinium chloronicotinate (APCN) single crystals are grown using a slow evaporation solution growth method. The APCN crystal belongs to the monoclinic crystal system with a centrosymmetric space group P21/c, resulted from the X‐ray diffraction analysis. Powder X‐ray diffraction analysis is used to determine the crystallinity nature of grown crystals. Various functional groups in the grown crystal were identified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The optical transmittance, energy bandgap of the crystal is analyzed through UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy. The thermal stability of APCN crystal is studied by using thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis. The mechanical property of the grown crystal is determined by the Vickers microhardness test. The density functional theory method at B3LYP with 6–31+G(d,p) basis set is used to perform the theoretical investigations in order to get the information regarding the HOMO‐LUMO, global chemical reactivity descriptors, natural bond orbital, Mulliken atomic charge, molecular electrostatic potential, and thermodynamical properties of the molecule in the gaseous state.
Metal‐Doped PdH(111) Catalysts for CO2 Reduction
Authors: Ai Changzhi , Vegge Tejs , Hansen Heine Anton
Published: March 2022

PdH‐based catalysts hold promise for both CO2 reduction to CO and the hydrogen evolution reaction. Density functional theory is used to systematically screen for stability, activity, and selectivity of transition metal dopants in PdH. The transition metal elements Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Ag, Cd, Hf, Ta, W, and Re are doped into PdH(111) surface with six different doping configurations: single, dimer, triangle, parallelogram, island, and overlayer. We find that several dopants, such as Ti and Nb, have excellent predicted catalytic activity and CO2 selectivity compared to the pure PdH hydride. In addition, they display good stability due to their negative doping formation energy. The improved performance can be assigned to reaction intermediates forming two bonds consisting of one C−Metal and one O−Metal bond on the PdH surface, which break the scaling relations of intermediates, and thus have stronger HOCO* binding facilitating CO2 activation.
Synthesis of wideband bulk acoustic wave coupled resonator filter combined with lumped components
Authors: Li Qingwen , Li Xiuping , Xie Yuqiang , Cao Zheyan , Dong Jiarui
Published: March 2022

A novel wideband bulk acoustic wave (BAW) coupled resonator filter (CRF) combined with external lumped inductors and capacitors is proposed. The filter synthesis method based on the Butterworth–van Dyke (BVD) model of CRF (CRF‐BVD) is also presented. To improve the synthesis accuracy, the CRF‐BVD model is modified and the CRF configuration with a single rather than the traditional multiple coupling layer is adopted in this paper. By establishing equivalence relationships between the modified CRF‐BVD model and the filter prototype synthesis network, exact CRF dimensions are solved through a set of equations without any further parameters tuning. The proposed method exhibits a maximum 37.4% (FBW) for a Chebyshev filter with 9.4‐dB return loss, which overcomes the narrowband limitation of regular BAW filters with FBW below 5%. To demonstrate the synthesis procedure, an n77 band filter with 3.723‐GHz center frequency and 24.2% FBW is designed and simulated. Good agreements are obtained among the simulation results of the prototype synthesis network, the modified CRF‐BVD model, and the co‐simulations of physical model based on the finite element method (FEM) and the CMOS 130‐nm technology.
Implementation and validation of guiding centre approximation into ERO2.0
Authors: Rode Sebastian , Romazanov Juri , Reiser Dirk , Brezinsek Sebastijan , Linsmeier Christian , Pukhov Alexander
Published: March 2022

The Monte‐Carlo code ERO2.0 uses full orbit resolution to follow impurity particles throughout the plasma volume to determine the local erosion and deposition fluxes on the plasma‐facing components of fusion devices in magnetic confinement fusion. To have direct comparisons to other transport codes (e.g., ASCOT and DIVIMP) and to accelerate the code, guiding centre approximation (GCA) was implemented into ERO2.0. In addition, a hybrid simulation mode for ERO2.0 was developed, in which the advantages of both full orbit resolution and guiding centre approximation are used. In typical scenarios in this simulation mode, full orbit resolution is applied exclusively near the wall region, while GCA is used everywhere else along a particle's trajectory. Special emphasis was put on the validation of the implementation by an inner‐code benchmarking to pure full orbit simulations. Analysed scenarios included test plasmas with simplified geometry and a realistic test case corresponding to a deuterium limiter plasma used in JET pulse #80319. The results of simulations performed in the hybrid simulation mode are in very good agreement to corresponding pure full orbit simulations, while a significant code speed‐up was achieved.
Evaluation of an icIEF‐MS system for comparable charge variant analysis of biotherapeutics with rapid peak identification by mass spectrometry
Authors: He Xiaoping , ElNaggar Mariam , Ostrowski Maggie A. , Guttman Andras , Gentalen Erik , Sperry Justin
Published: March 2022

Protein therapeutics are usually produced in heterogeneous forms during bioproduction and bioprocessing. Heterogeneity results from post‐translational modifications that can yield charge variants and require characterization throughout product development and manufacturing. Isoelectric focusing (IEF) with UV detection is one of the most common methods to evaluate protein charge heterogeneity in the biopharmaceutical industry. To identify charge variant peaks, a new imaged microfluidic chip‐based isoelectric focusing (icIEF) system coupled directly to mass spectrometry was recently reported. Bridging is required to demonstrate comparability between existing and new technology. As such, here we demonstrate the comparability of the pI value measurement and relative charge species distributions between the icIEF‐MS system and the control data from a frequently utilized methodology in the biopharmaceutical industry for several blinded development‐phase biopharmaceutical monoclonal antibodies across a wide pI range of 7.3–9.0. Hyphenation of the icIEF system with mass spectrometry enabled direct and detailed structural determination of a test molecule, with masses suggesting acidic and basic shifts are caused by sialic acid additions and the presence of unprocessed lysine residues. In addition, MS analysis further identified several low‐abundance glycoforms. The icIEF‐MS system provides sample quantification, characterization, and identification of mAb proteoforms without sacrificing icIEF quantification comparability or speed.
The comparison between 2DE‐MS and bottom‐up LC‐MS demands high‐end techniques for both technologies
Authors: Zhan Xianquan , Jungblut Peter R.
Published: March 2022

In contrast to bottom‐up LC‐MS only 2DE‐MS can separate and detect a huge number of human protein species. Kwiatkowski et al. (in this issue) established parameters to estimate the amount of protein speciation for each human protein. Proteins identified in 2DE‐MS approaches showed more protein speciation than in bottom‐up LC‐MS. The authors state that protein speciation is likely to increase the chance of proteins to be determined in 2‐DE/MS, though admitting that low‐sensitivity 2DE‐MS methods were used in this study. In agreement with Kwiatkowski et al., we are convinced that the difference between 2DE‐MS and bottom‐up LC‐MS will disappear, if high‐resolution 2DE is combined with identification by a high‐sensitivity LC‐Orbitrap‐MS. Meta‐analysis of proteomic data is surely a promising tool, though the technological progress in 2DE and MS has to reach a plateau to enable useful comparisons.
Electrochemical interfaces in ionic liquids/deep eutectic solvents incorporated with water: A review
Authors: Liu Shuai , Tan Zhuo , Wu Jiedu , Mao Bingwei , Yan Jiawei
Published: March 2022

Ionic Liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are promising candidate electrolytes in electrochemical fields due to their excellent properties. They can absorb water from the environment quickly, the existence of water in ILs/DESs benefits or harms their performance depending on the purpose of the applications. Therefore, studies on the effect of water on the properties of ILs/DESs have received much attention in recent years. This mini‐review provides an overview of the structure of the electrochemical interface in ILs/DESs incorporated with water by summarizing the information acquired from a variety of characterization technologies and simulations. Both our understanding of the interfacial structure and our perspective on further research in the field are presented.
The effects of intake temperature on reactivity controlled compression ignition combustion under high load
Authors: Zhang Yuxin , Xia Qi , Xu Yuanli , Liu Yichi , Wei Zengna , Sun Miaozhong
Published: March 2022

In order to improve of high loaded diesel engine with high ethanol substitution rate, the effects of intake temperature on the combustion characteristics and generation characteristics of pollutants in cylinder from reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engine under high load was studied numerically. RCCI experimental data were obtained from a four cylinder turbocharged diesel engine fuel modified to run with diesel/ethanol dual fuel in the study. The simulation was performed via converge computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, and numerical results were validated with the experimental data. The parameters such as cylinder pressure, cylinder temperature, heat release rate (HRR), CA10, CA50, indicated thermal efficiency, maximum pressure rise rate, NOx, soot, HC and CO emissions were investigated at 2000 rpm engine speed and high engine load (80% full load). The results show that decreasing intake temperature reduces the peaks of cylinder pressure and cylinder temperature, the HRR profile changes from double peak to single peak; the CA10 and the CA50 is retarded; maximum pressure rise rate and indicated thermal efficiency decrease. In addition, with the decreasing of intake temperature, the peaks of NOx, soot and CO generated in cylinder decreases, while the peaks of unburned HC generated in cylinder almost remain constant. Thus it can be seen that using optimal intake temperature is an effective way to improve ethanol substitution rate of diesel engine under high load.
Catastrophic overwash and rapid retreat of a gravel barrier spit during storm events (Sillon de Talbert, North Brittany, France)
Authors: Suanez Serge , Stéphan Pierre , Autret Ronan , Houron Julien , Floc'h France , David Laurence , Ammann Jérôme , Accensi Mickael , André Gaël , Le Guyader Damien , Cancouët Romain
Published: March 2022

The morphodynamic functioning of the Sillon de Talbert gravel barrier spit is analysed using a high‐frequency survey carried out between September 2012 and December 2019. It is based on beach profile measurements along two transects, modelling offshore wave data (WW3), tide gauge records, and shallow waves and water levels recorded in the intertidal zone. A barrier retreat of −23 to −30 m over the 7‐year survey (i.e. −3.3 to −4.3 m yr−1) is measured. This retreat is not related to long‐term sea level rise (macroscale of 102–103 yr), but to mesoscale (100–102 yr) morphogenic events combining storm wave and high spring tide. Over 87–90% of the barrier retreat is due to three significant events (1–2 February 2014, 9 February 2016, and 3 January 2018). The storm impact scale model of Orford and Carter is tested. The estimation of the wave runup for the calculation of extreme water levels [i.e. peak overflow elevation (Oe) component] is based on the calibration of an equation performed from in‐situ measurements of the swash elevation. The flow depth (Od,q) overtopping the crest of the barrier (Bh) is thresholded by taking into account the morphological response of the barrier in order to define regimes corresponding to overtopping, discrete overwash, and sluicing overwash. While the Orford and Carter model is generally successful in reproducing the morphodynamic evolution of Sillon de Talbert, the wave energy flux (F) must be considered as an additional parameter in order to improve the fit of the model, so far as it contributes in some cases to change the morphodynamic regime. Thus, the wave energy flux constitutes a key component in the quantification of the water flow across the barrier (Od,q) corresponding to the hydrodynamic forcing of the model, which becomes (Od,F).
Evaluation of the physicochemical parameters of edible oils sold in the three cities of Burkina Faso
Authors: Kaboré Kabakdé , Konaté Kiéssoun , Sama Hemayoro , Dakuyo Roger , Sanou Abdoudramane , Bazié David , Diao Mamounata , Dicko Mamoudou Hama
Published: March 2022

The edible oil needs of African countries are met by imported or locally produced ones. Therefore, consumers are generally confronted with a choice of edible oils of poorly controlled quality. However, quality control of edible oils for local consumption is of high necessity. This study aimed to assess the quality of edible oils sold and consumed in some cities in Burkina Faso. Oil samples collected in the cities of Dédougou, Koudougou, and Nouna were used for several analyses. Oil samples from palm, refined and unrefined cottonseed, and groundnut were collected. Standard methods were used to assess the physicochemical quality parameters of the oils, including the peroxide value, water and volatile matter content, acid value, traces of soap, and mineral oil contents. The parameters varied significantly depending on the oil type, but not by the locality of origin. The peroxide indices had varied from 3.24 to 39.99 mEq O2/kg oil. The acid indices varied from 0.22 mg KOH/g to 1.24 mg KOH/g. The water and volatile matter contents ranged from 0.04% to 0.88%. The test for traces of soap gave values ranging from 0 to 76 ppm. For the mineral oil test, four samples of cottonseed oil collected in Dedougou gave positive results. Compared to international reference standards, in particular the Codex Alimentarius standard, it may constitute a health risk for consumers. The poor storage, distribution, and marketing conditions of the oils could explain their poor quality. In order to provide consumers with quality oils, regular controls must be undertaken in the places where the oils are stored and/or marketed.