bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Olmec Archaeology and Early Mesoamerica
Authors: Pool Christopher
Published: June 2012

The foundations for the Maya and other civilizations of ancient Mesoamerica were laid down over 2400 years ago during the early and middle phases of the Formative period. The most elaborate of these formative Mesoamerican societies are represented by the archaeological culture called Olmec, which merged some 3500 years ago in the tropical lowlands of southern Veracruz and Tabasco, Mexico. Flourishing over the next 1000 years, the Olmecs created the most complex social and political hierarchies of their time on the North American continent. Olmec rulers expressed their material and religious power in the first monumental stone art of Mesoamerica, remarkable for its sophistication and naturalism, as well as massive buried offerings of wealth obtained from great distances. Olmec Archaeology and Early Mesoamerica offers the most thorough and up-to-date book-length treatment of Olmec society and culture available.
The Logics and Politics of Post-WWII Migration to Western Europe
Authors: Messina Anthony M.
Published: June 2012

Few phenomena have been more disruptive to West European politics and society than the accumulative experience of post-WWII immigration. Against this backdrop spring two questions: Why have the immigrant-receiving states historically permitted high levels of immigration? To what degree can the social and political fallout precipitated by immigration be politically managed? Utilizing evidence from a variety of sources, this study explores the links between immigration and the surge of popular support for anti-immigrant groups; its implications for state sovereignty; its elevation to the policy agenda of the European Union; and its domestic legacies. It argues that post-WWII migration is primarily an interest-driven phenomenon that has historically served the macroeconomic and political interests of the receiving countries. Moreover, it is the role of politics in adjudicating the claims presented by domestic economic actors, foreign policy commitments, and humanitarian norms that creates a permissive environment for significant migration to Western Europe.
China's Republic
Authors: Lary Diana
Published: June 2012

Twenty-first century China is emerging from decades of war and revolution into a new era. Yet the past still haunts the present. The ideals of the Chinese Republic, which was founded almost a century ago after 2000 years of imperial rule, still resonate as modern China edges towards openness and democracy. Diana Lary traces the history of the Republic from its beginnings in 1912, through the Nanjing decade, the warlord era, and the civil war with the Peoples' Liberation Army which ended in defeat in 1949. Thereafter, in an unusual excursion from traditional histories of the period, she considers how the Republic survived on in Taiwan, comparing its ongoing prosperity with the economic and social decline of the Communist mainland in the Mao years. This introductory textbook for students and general readers is enhanced with biographies of key protagonists, Chinese proverbs, love stories, poetry and a feast of illustrations.
The Theology of the Book of Jeremiah
Authors: Brueggemann Walter
Published: June 2012

The present study focuses on the theology of the Book of Jeremiah. That theology revolves around themes familiar from Israel's covenantal faith, especially the sovereignty of YHWH expressed in judgment and promise. The outcome of this theological nexus of context, person, and tradition is a book that moves into the abyss and out of the abyss in unexpected ways. It does so, in part, by asserting that God continues to be generatively and disturbingly operative in the affairs of the world, up to and including our contemporary abysses (such as 9/11). The God attested in the Book of Jeremiah invites its readers into and through any and all such dislocations to new futures that combine divine agency and human inventiveness rooted in faithfulness.
New Theory of the Earth
Authors: Anderson Don L.
Published: June 2012

Theory of the Earth is an interdisciplinary advanced textbook on the origin, composition, and evolution of the Earth's interior: geophysics, geochemistry, dynamics, convection, mineralogy, volcanism, energetics and thermal history. This is the only book on the whole landscape of deep Earth processes which ties together all the strands of the subdisciplines. It is a complete update of Anderson's Theory of the Earth (1989). It includes many new sections and dozens of new figures and tables. As with the original book, this new edition will prove to be a stimulating textbook on advanced courses in geophysics, geochemistry, and planetary science, and supplementary textbook on a wide range of other advanced Earth science courses. It will also be an essential reference and resource for all researchers in the solid Earth sciences.
Can Human Rights Survive?
Authors: Gearty Conor
Published: June 2012

In this set of three essays, originally presented as the 2005 Hamlyn Lectures, Conor Gearty considers whether human rights can survive the challenges of the war on terror, the revival of political religion, and the steady erosion of the world's natural resources. He also looks deeper than this to consider the fundamental question: How can we tell what human rights are? In his first essay, Gearty asks how the idea of human rights needs to be made to work in our age of relativism, uncertainty and anxiety. In the second, he assesses how the idea of human rights has coped with its incorporation in legal form in the UK Human Rights Act, arguing that the record is much better and more democratic than many human rights enthusiasts allow. In his final essay, Gearty confronts the challenges that may destroy the language of human rights for the generations that follow us.
Percolation
Authors: Bollobás Bela , Riordan Oliver
Published: June 2012

Percolation theory was initiated some fifty years ago as a mathematical framework for the study of random physical processes such as flow through a disordered porous medium. It has proved to be a remarkably rich theory, with applications beyond natural phenomena to topics such as network modelling. The aims of this book, first published in 2006, are twofold. First to present classical results in a way that is accessible to non-specialists. Second, to describe results of Smirnov in conformal invariance, and outline the proof that the critical probability for random Voronoi percolation in the plane is 1/2. Throughout, the presentation is streamlined, with elegant and straightforward proofs requiring minimal background in probability and graph theory. Numerous examples illustrate the important concepts and enrich the arguments. All-in-all, it will be an essential purchase for mathematicians, physicists, electrical engineers and computer scientists working in this exciting area.
Choosing to Die
Authors: Prado C. G.
Published: June 2012

In this book, C. G. Prado addresses the difficult question of when and whether it is rational to end one's life in order to escape devastating terminal illness. He specifically considers this question in light of the impact of multiculturalism on perceptions and judgements about what is right and wrong, permissible and impermissible. Prado introduces the idea of a 'coincidental culture' to clarify the variety of values and commitments that influence decision. He also introduces the idea of a 'proxy premise' to deal with reasoning issues that are raised by intractably held beliefs. Primarily intended for medical ethicists, this book will be of interest to anyone concerned about the ability of modern medicine to keep people alive, thereby forcing people to choose between living and dying. In addition, Prado calls upon medical ethicists and practitioners to appreciate the value of a theoretical basis for their work.
The Normal Personality
Authors: Reiss Steven
Published: June 2012

In The Normal Personality, Steven Reiss argues that human beings are naturally intolerant of people who express values significantly different from their own. Because of this intolerance, psychologists and psychiatrists sometimes confuse individuality with abnormality and thus over-diagnose disorders. Reiss shows how normal motives - not anxiety or traumatic childhood experiences - underlie many personality and relationship problems, such as divorce, infidelity, combativeness, workaholism, loneliness, authoritarianism, weak leadership style, perfectionism, underachievement, arrogance, extravagance, pompousness, disloyalty, disorganisation, and over-anxiety. Calling for greater understanding and tolerance of all kinds of personalities, Reiss applies his theory of motivation to leadership, human development, relationships, and counselling.
Lectures on the Philosophy of World History
Authors: Hegel Georg Wilhelm Friedrich , Forbes Duncan
Published: June 2012

An English translation of Hegel's introduction to his lectures on the philosophy of history, based directly on the standard German edition by Johannes Hoffmeister, first published in 1955. The previous English translation, by J. Sibree, first appeared in 1857 and was based on the defective German edition of Karl Hegel, to which Hoffmeister's edition added a large amount of new material previously unknown to English readers, derived from earlier editors. In the introduction to his lectures, Hegel lays down the principles and aims which underlie his philosophy of history, and provides an outline of the philosophy of history itself. The comprehensive and voluminous survey of world history which followed the introduction in the original lectures is of less interest to students of Hegel's thought than the introduction, and is therefore not included in this volume.
The Principles of Chemical Equilibrium
Authors: Denbigh K. G.
Published: June 2012

This is the fourth edition of an established textbook of chemical thermodynamics used by university and technical college students of chemistry and chemical engineering. The text covers the same ground as previous editions, presenting the general theory of chemical equilibrium, including its statistical development, and illustrating its many applications in the laboratory and industry. This edition has been extensively revised in the light of recent contributions to the literature. Many new references have been added; the re-writing of certain passages, especially of those concerning the statistical interpretation of entropy and the present understanding of order-disorder transitions, also reflects changes of emphasis.
The Meaning of Things
Authors: Csikszentmihalyi Mihaly , Halton Eugene
Published: June 2012

The meaning of things is a study of the significance of material possessions in contemporary urban life, and of the ways people carve meaning out of their domestic environment. Drawing on a survey of eighty families in Chicago who were interviewed on the subject of their feelings about common household objects, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi and Eugene Rochberg-Halton provide a unique perspective on materialism, American culture, and the self. They begin by reviewing what social scientists and philosophers have said about the transactions between people and things. In the model of 'personhood' that the authors develop, goal-directed action and the cultivation of meaning through signs assume central importance. They then relate theoretical issues to the results of their survey. An important finding is the distinction between objects valued for action and those valued for contemplation. The authors compare families who have warm emotional attachments to their homes with those in which a common set of positive meanings is lacking, and interpret the different patterns of involvement. They then trace the cultivation of meaning in case studies of four families. Finally, the authors address what they describe as the current crisis of environmental and material exploitation, and suggest that human capacities for the creation and redirection of meaning offer the only hope for survival. A wide range of scholars - urban and family sociologists, clinical, developmental and environmental psychologists, cultural anthropologists and philosophers, and many general readers - will find this book stimulating and compelling.
The Analytics of Uncertainty and Information
Authors: Hirshleifer Jack , Riley John G.
Published: June 2012

Economists have always recognised that human endeavours are constrained by our limited and uncertain knowledge, but only recently has an accepted theory of uncertainty and information evolved. This theory has turned out to have surprisingly practical applications: for example in analysing stock market returns, in evaluating accident prevention measures, and in assessing patent and copyright laws. This book presents these intellectual advances in readable form for the first time. It unifies many important but partial results into a satisfying single picture, making it clear how the economics of uncertainty and information generalises and extends standard economic analysis. Part One of the volume covers the economics of uncertainty: how each person adapts to a given fixed state of knowledge by making an optimal choice among the immediate 'terminal' actions available. These choices in turn determine the overall market equilibrium reflecting the social distribution of risk bearing. In Part Two, covering the economics of information, the state of knowledge is no longer held fixed. Instead, individuals can to a greater or lesser extent overcome their ignorance by 'informational' actions. The text also addresses at appropriate points many specific topics such as insurance, the Capital Asset Pricing model, auctions, deterrence of entry, and research and invention.
Equilibrium Thermodynamics
Authors: Adkins C. J.
Published: June 2012

Equilibrium Thermodynamics gives a comprehensive but concise course in the fundamentals of classical thermodynamics. Although the subject is essentially classical in nature, illustrative material is drawn widely from modern physics and free use is made of microscopic ideas to illuminate it. The overriding objective in writing the book was to achieve a clear exposition: to give an account of the subject that it both stimulating and easy to learn from. Classical thermodynamics has such wide application that it can be taught in many ways. The terms of reference for Equilibrium Thermodynamics are primarily those of the undergraduate physicist; but it is also suitable for courses in chemistry, engineering, materials science etc. The subject is usually taught in the first or second year of an undergraduate course, but the book takes the student to degree standard (and beyond). Prerequisites are elementary or school-level thermal physics.
Analogue and Digital Electronics for Engineers
Authors: Ahmed H. , Spreadbury P. J.
Published: June 2012

This new edition of Ahmed and Spreadbury's excellent textbook Electronics for Engineers provides, like the first edition, an introduction to electronic circuits covering the early part of degree level courses in electronics and electrical engineering. The text of the first edition has been entensively revised and supplemented to bring it up to date; two entirely new chapters have been added on the subject of digital electronics. A first chapter on the general principles of signal handling in electronic circuits is followed by descriptions of amplifiers using field-effect and bipolar transistors and integrated circuit op-amps, written from the point of view of the engineering student building up a system. Subsequent chapters discuss the principles of applying negative and positive feedback in amplifiers, leading the reader to the final two chapters covering digital circuits and their applications. All chapters conclude with a solved problem followed by a number of practice questions from various universities to which answers are given. This new edition, like the first, will prove a valuable text for first and second year courses in universities and polytechnics on electronics and electrical engineering and will be useful to practising engineers and scientists who need to use analogue and digital chips in the course of their work.
The Papacy, 1073–1198
Authors: Robinson I. S.
Published: June 2012

Before the mid-eleventh century the pope was far from being the active leader of the Church that he is today: he restricted himself to the local concerns of the diocese of Rome and was virtually ignored by the outside world. This book is a study of the transformation of the role of the pope in the late eleventh and twelfth centuries, from which he emerged as monarch of the universal Church, dedicated to reform and to making the Church independent of secular control. The most important role in the new model government was given to the cardinals, who henceforward were the principal advisers, agents, and electors of the popes. These developments were accelerated by schism and political conflict: on three occasions the lawful pope was driven into exile by an antipope supported by a powerful secular ruler. Professor Robinson's text emphasises the growing importance of the college of cardinals and the practical aspects of papal government. It offers the most detailed analytical study yet available of this key period in the history of the papacy.
Scaling
Authors: Schmidt-Nielsen Knut
Published: June 2012

This book is about the importance of animal size. We tend to think of animal function in chemical terms and talk of water, salts, proteins, enzymes, oxygen, energy, and so on. We should not forget, however, that physical laws are equally important, for they determine rates of diffusion and heat transfer, transfer of force and momentum, the strength of structures, the dynamics of locomotion, and other aspects of the functioning of animal bodies. Physical laws provide possibilities and opportunities for an organism, yet they also impose constraints, setting limits to what is physically possible. This book aims to give an understanding of these rules because of their profound implications when we deal with animals of widely different size and scale. The reader will find that the book raises many questions. Remarkable and puzzling information makes it read a little like a detective story, but the last chapter, instead of giving the final solution, neither answers all questions nor provides one great unifying principle.
Geography Matters!
Authors: Anderson James , Cunningham Susan , Hamnett Christopher , Sarre Philip
Published: June 2012

Space and nature have long been the concerns of human geography, bound up with a strong sense of the importance of place. Understanding how society changes entails understanding the geography of social change. In this new reader, the editors argue for a new way of looking at the relationship between society and its spatial organization, between society and nature, and between the interdependence and unique character of places. First, through a selection of material ranging from the changing geography of class cultures, gender relations, city structures, state power to the processes of international law, the readings demonstrate that neither space nor society can be understood independently of the other. Social change involves spatial change and spatial change affects social organization. The two sides of the relation mediate a geography of change. Second, a number of the articles explore the relation between society and nature, and demonstrate that that, too involves a continuous and changing interrelationship. Nature cannot be understood outside of its social interpretation and use; equally nature, the environment, has an impact upon the quality and future of our lives. Third, this collection presents an approach to the geography of place which has methodological implications for all those in social science who are concerned with the central problem of appreciating the of outcomes without losing sight of general processes of chance. To grasp the dynamic relation between society, space and nature is important not only for human geography, but for all the social sciences. Geography Matters! brings together a wide range of articles, from both geographers and non-geographers. It addresses a series of economic, political and cultural issues from a geographical angle that will put the social distinctiveness of place back on the agenda for all the social sciences.
Optical Electronics
Authors: Ghatak Ajoy Kumar , Thyagarajan K.
Published: June 2012

This textbook provides senior undergraduates studying modern optics with a comprehensive account of optics and optical electronics. A large number of solved and unsolved problems are included in the book. The extensive coverage makes it valuable to postgraduates, and also to optical engineers, as a source of basic design information. The initial chapters cover the basic principles involved in the propagation of electromagnetic waves. These are followed by a description of diffraction and its application to spatial frequency filtering and holography. Laser theory and the various types of laser are covered, as well as the theory of optical waveguides, fibre optics and integrated optics. The final chapters cover electrooptics, acoustooptics, and nonlinear optical effects.
Animal Vocal Communication
Authors: Owings Donald H. , Morton Eugene S.
Published: June 2012

This book will be a landmark text for all those interested in animal communication. Animal Vocal Communication explicitly avoids human-centred concepts and approaches and links communication to fundamental biological processes instead. It offers a conceptual framework - assessment/management - that allows us to integrate detailed studies of communication with an understanding of evolutionary perspectives. Self-interested assessment is placed on par with the signal production (management) side of communication, and communication is viewed as reflecting regulatory processes. Signals are used to manage the behaviour of others by exploiting their active assessment. The authors contend that it is this interplay between management and assessment that results in the functioning and evolution of animal communication; it is what communicative behaviour accomplishes that is important, not what information is conveyed.
Socialism, Radicalism, and Nostalgia
Authors: Stafford William
Published: June 2012

The years of the first industrial revolution saw a remarkable flowering of radical social criticism in Britain. This is a study of the ideas that emerged then and of the social and intellectual conditions from which they developed. Dr Stafford begins in Part I by presenting what will be seen as a very valuable general account of the historical and cultural setting, showing how the language of social debate had been affected by intellectual developments and the increasingly rapid transformations of society. Then in Part II he discusses ten major critics of British society, from Thomas Spence to William Cobbett, who represent a wide range of political opinion from anarchism to Tory radicalism. Dr. Stafford takes a key text by each author, sets out its argument, and analyzes it both critically and historically, showing the particular influences that shaped it and revealing the ways in which the social thought of the time resembles or diverges from our own. This book will help to recover from unwarranted neglect this important tradition of writing that did much to form subsequent thinking about society. It will make a valuable contribution to the study of the literature and the social and intellectual history of the period.
Analogue Electronic Circuits and Systems
Authors: Basak A.
Published: June 2012

This book is an undergraduate textbook for students of electrical and electronic engineering. It is written at an intermediate level, with second year students particularly in mind, and discusses analogue circuits used in various fields. Basic electronics has been omitted so that appropriate emphasis can be given to the design of the most popular and useful circuits. The contents of chapters 3, 5, 7 and 8 are not covered together by any other single textbook available on the market. Each chapter also contains a significant number of worked examples and several carefully chosen problems at various levels of difficulty. Each topic has been carefully selected, and the author concentrates on the practical details and applications of the material he covers. Both students and practising engineers alike will therefore find this book extremely useful and informative.
Advanced Mathematical Methods for Engineering and Science Students
Authors: Stephenson G. , Radmore P. M.
Published: June 2012

This book provides a solid foundation to a number of important topics in mathematics of interest to science and engineering students. The authors' approach is simple and direct, the emphasis being on the analytical structure and applications of the material. The text is virtually self-contained, assuming only that the student has received a good basic course in ancillary mathematics. Each chapter contains a large number of worked examples, and concludes with problems for solution, with answers given in the back of the book. There is no comparable text that covers this material in such a concise form. This book will be of great value to undergraduates in physics, chemistry, theoretical biology, and in all engineering disciplines, as a source book of advanced mathematical methods, and also to postgraduate students as a revision text.
Modern Revolutions
Authors: Dunn John
Published: June 2012

Many political regimes today draw such legitimacy as they have from a revolution: the destruction of an existing political elite and its replacement by a different group or groups drawn from inside the same society. A large part of the ideological dispute in world politics has come in consequence to turn on an interpretation of the character of revolutions as political and social events. It is extremely difficult to separate ideological assessments of the desirability or otherwise of what has occured in revolutions from causal explanations of why these revolutions occurred, and both major traditions in the analysis of revolutionary phenomena have been damaged by their failure to distinguish clearly between explanation and assessment. In examining eight major revolutions of the twentieth century, John Dunn helps readers to remedy this state of affairs by thinking for themselves.
The Farming Game
Authors: Malcolm Bill , Makeham Jack , Wright Vic
Published: June 2012

The Farming Game is the agricultural management text for the twenty-first century. The central theme underpinning this text is that the farm management context is most usefully and reliably managed by the application of economic ways of thinking. In this text, the practice of farm management is approached in an integrated way, leaving no significant issues about management uncovered. Finance, investment, decision analysis, management, economic thinking, growth, risk and marketing are critical and exciting domains of interest that are brought together to give the reader a thorough and comprehensive understanding of how the farming situation is best analysed and managed. The text is essential reading for those who seek to manage agricultural businesses well and for those with interest throughout agricultural supply chains who need to understand the character of farms as the core of agribusiness systems.
A Student Grammar of Spanish
Authors: Batchelor Ron
Published: June 2012

A Student Grammar of Spanish, first published in 2006, is a concise introduction to Spanish grammar, designed for English-speaking undergraduates. Assuming no prior knowledge of grammatical terminology, it explains each aspect of Spanish grammar in clear and simple terms, provides a wealth of glossed examples to illustrate them, and helps students to put their learning into practice through a range of fun and engaging exercises. Clearly organized into thirty units, each covering a different aspect of the grammar, the book functions both as an essential reference guide and a comprehensive workbook. Individual topics can be looked up via a user-friendly cross-referencing system, and concise definitions are provided in a useful glossary of grammatical terms. The exercises, which include paired and group activities, are suitable for both classroom use and self-study. Each unit is split into two levels, basic and intermediate, making this grammar the perfect accompaniment to any first or second year undergraduate course.
Atiyah's Accidents, Compensation and the Law
Authors: Cane Peter
Published: June 2012

Since its first publication, Accidents, Compensation and the Law has been recognised as the leading treatment of the law of personal injuries compensation and the social, political and economic issues surrounding it. The seventh edition of this classic work explores recent momentous changes in personal injury law and practice and puts them into broad perspective. Most significantly, it examines developments affecting the financing and conduct of personal injury claiming: the abolition of legal aid for most personal injury claims; the increasing use of conditional fee agreements and after-the-event insurance; the meteoric rise and impending regulation of the claims management industry. Complaints that Britain is a 'compensation culture' suffering an 'insurance crisis' are investigated. New statistics on tort claims are discussed, providing fresh insights into the evolution of the tort system which, despite recent reforms, remains deeply flawed and ripe for radical reform.
Introduction to Physical Chemistry
Authors: Ladd Mark
Published: June 2012

The third edition of this text has been completely rewritten and revised. It is intended for first- and second-year undergraduates in chemistry taking physical chemistry courses, and for undergraduates in other science and engineering subjects that require an understanding of chemistry. The author gives more attention to the solid and liquid states than is found in other texts on this subject, and introduces topics such as computer simulation and quasicrystals. Each chapter concludes with a set of problems, to which there are solution notes, designed to lead the reader to familiarity with the subject and its application in new situations. Computer programs designed to assist the reader are downloadable from the World Wide Web, from the time of publication. Detailed solutions to the problems will also be available via the World Wide Web. See http://www.cup.cam.ac.uk/stm/laddsolutions.htm. This modern text on physical chemistry will be of interest to undergraduate students in chemistry and also students in other areas of science and engineering requiring a familiarity with the subject.
Can Family Law Protect Young Children?
Authors: Briggs Freda , McInnes Elspeth
Published: June 2012

When young children tell their mothers that they are being sexually abused by their father, the mother faces a dilemma; if she does nothing, state child protection services can remove her children as being in need of care and protection. If police are called, she is likely to be told to leave the family home to keep her children safe. If she does, the father is likely to turn to the federal family law system1 to seek time with the children. If the mother seeks an order for supervised, or no further contact with the child to protect them from abuse, she may lose residence of the child and the child may be ordered to live with the abusing parent.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Campbell Marilyn
Published: June 2012

Welcome to this edition of the Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling. As you will noticed we have had another change for the journal — we have a new publisher. We are very fortunate that the journal will now be published by the prestigious Cambridge University Press. We hope to have a long and productive relationship with them. I trust you find this issue interesting and informative for your practice.
Effective and Ineffective Coping With Bullying Strategies as Assessed by Informed Professionals and Their Use by Victimised Students
Authors: Murray-Harvey Rosalind , Skrzypiec Grace , Slee Phillip T.
Published: June 2012

What strategies do students use to cope with bullying and how effective are they? Answers to such questions will not only help students understand how they can cope, but also inform school-wide policies and practices to reduce the incidence of bullying. To do this, schools need evidence on what strategies to focus on to most effectively target their intervention and prevention programs. Students across Years 8, 9 and 10 in three South Australian high schools (n = 1223) completed a Coping with Bullying questionnaire, indicating strategies they used, and 82 informed professionals (IPs) rated each strategy's effectiveness, along with its applicability to different bullying types. IPs generally agreed on which strategies were effective and ineffective and that the same strategies were appropriate for all types of bullying. Seriously bullied students reported under-using some effective strategies. No significant difference between males and females in strategy use was found. Awareness of effective and ineffective coping strategies provides schools with a workable framework for targeting prevention and/or intervention programs that align with extant knowledge on coping with bullying. Disseminating such research evidence is important as this study shows that seriously bullied students are evidently under-using many strategies that IPs in this study regarded as effective.
Adaptability: Conceptual and Empirical Perspectives on Responses to Change, Novelty and Uncertainty
Authors: Martin Andrew J. , Nejad Harry , Colmar Susan , Liem Gregory Arief D.
Published: June 2012

Adaptability is proposed as individuals’ capacity to constructively regulate psycho-behavioral functions in response to new, changing, and/or uncertain circumstances, conditions and situations. The present investigation explored the internal and external validity of an hypothesised adaptability scale. The sample comprised 2,731 high school students. In terms of internal validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA and CFA) suggested a reliable higher order adaptability factor subsumed by a reliable first order cognitive-behavioural factor and a reliable first order affective factor. Multi-group CFA indicated invariance in factor structure as a function of gender, age, and language background. Further, age (younger adolescents), language background (non-English speaking), and parents’ education (higher levels) predicted higher order adaptability, while gender (males) predicted first order affective adaptability. In terms of external validity, consistent with hypotheses, higher and first order adaptability was differentially associated with cognate/aligned factors (personality, implicit theories of ability, buoyancy) and also with psycho-educational wellbeing ‘outcome’ factors (achievement, enjoyment of school, meaning and purpose, life satisfaction). Findings hold theoretical and empirical implications for researchers and practitioners seeking to better understand the constructive regulation of individuals confronted with situations involving novelty, change, and uncertainty.
Assessing Intellectual Functioning in Young Adolescents: How do the WISC-IV and SB5 Compare?
Authors: Wilson Kimberley , Gilmore Linda
Published: June 2012

The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children — Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) and the Stanford-Binet — Fifth Edition (SB5) are two of the most commonly used intelligence tests for children and adolescents. No comparative studies of the WISC-IV and SB5 have yet been published. In the current study the WISC-IV and SB5 were administered in counterbalanced order to 30 typically developing 12- to 14-year-old adolescents. There was a significant difference between Full Scale IQs on the two measures, with scores being higher on the WISC-IV. A significant difference was also found between Verbal IQs and there were large score differences for some participants. The article concludes that the WISC-IV and SB5 cannot be presumed to be interchangeable measures of intelligence.
The Conflict Between the Interventions That Prevent Burnout and the Culture of Modern Capitalism: The Benefits of Ambivalent Emotions
Authors: Moss Simon A. , Couchman Grace
Published: June 2012

At work, burnout is one of the most pervasive impediments to mental health. Over the last decade, researchers have distilled six workplace conditions that prevent or curb burnout: feasible job demands, a sense of fit with the job or organisation, recurrent experiences of reward, a feeling of control, a perception of justice, and a connection with the community. Unfortunately, the emerging culture of modern capitalism is characterised by fluctuating demands, aversions towards specialisation, systemic disloyalty, unilateral resolutions, expedient decisions, and transactional relationships — trends that counteract the conditions that prevent burnout. Initiatives that are instituted to curb burnout, therefore, often contradict the imperatives of managers. To resolve this paradox, this article distills a series of initiatives that psychologists can apply to alleviate burnout without counteracting the prevailing culture of modern organisations. To illustrate, employees should be encouraged to seek challenging and stressful experiences, invoke their intuition when composed, and disclose their personal anxieties. This article then integrates these initiatives into a unified theory. According to this theory, practices that prevent burnout all increase the likelihood that individuals experience positive and negative feelings concurrently; these ambivalent emotions seem to enhance wellbeing and contain burnout.
Low susceptibility of non-target Lepidopteran maize pests to the Bt protein Cry1Ab
Authors: Pérez-Hedo M. , López C. , Albajes R. , Eizaguirre M.
Published: June 2012

Transgenic Bt maize expressing the Cry1Ab toxin is poorly effective for suppressing populations of two non-target Lepidoptera,Mythimna unipunctaandHelicoverpa armigera. In order to determine the mechanisms that may be involved in this poor effectiveness, last instar larvae of the two Lepidoptera were fed with a diet containing lyophilized leaves with Bt vs non-Bt toxin for different periods; additionally, some larvae fed on Bt diet were transferred to non-Bt diet for an additional period. In the experimental larvae, we measured the growth (weight) gain from just before treatment to after the end of the treatment, and the Cry1Ab contents in the hemolymph, the peritrophic membrane and its contents and midgut epithelium. Effects of the treatments on the midgut epithelium were observed by light and transmission electron microscopy. It was seen that multiple mechanisms can be involved in the low susceptibility of the two Lepidoptera. The low content of the toxin within the peritrophic membrane 48h after ingestion indicates a high rate of toxin elimination in this space. Moreover,M. unipunctalarvae fed on the Bt diet displayed a similar growth gain index to those fed on the non-Bt diet, and showed an increasing elimination rate during the experiment. Little toxin reached the midgut epithelium, indicating a low permeability of the peritrophic membrane or a low affinity at the binding sites. Larvae fed on the Bt toxin showed rapid recovery in weight gain and in the midgut epithelium, and also showed overcompensation mechanisms.
Diversity and localization of bacterial symbionts in three whitefly species (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from the east coast of the Adriatic Sea
Authors: Škaljac M. , Žanić K. , Hrnčić S. , Radonjić S. , Perović T. , Ghanim M.
Published: June 2012

Several whitefly species (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) are cosmopolitan phloem-feeders that cause serious damage in numerous agricultural crops. All whitefly species harbor a primary bacterial symbiont and a diverse array of secondary symbionts which may influence several aspects of the insect's biology. We surveyed infections by secondary symbionts in Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) and Siphoninus phillyreae (Haliday) from areas in the east cost of the Adriatic Sea. Both the Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) and Mediterranean (MED) B. tabaci genetic groups were detected in Montenegro, whereas only the MED was confirmed in Croatia. Trialeurodes vaporariorum and S. phillyreae were found in all areas surveyed. MEAM1 and MED exhibited similarity to previously reported infections, while populations of T. vaporariorum from Montenegro harbored Rickettsia, Wolbachia and Cardinium in addition to previously reported Hamiltonella and Arsenopnohus. Siphoninus phillyreae harbored Hamiltonella, Wolbachia, Cardinium and Arsenophonus, with the latter appearing in two alleles. Multiple infections of all symbionts were common in the three insect species tested, with some reaching near fixation. Florescent in situ hybridization showed new localization patterns for Hamiltonella in S. phillyreae, and the morphology of the bacteriosome differed from that observed in other whitefly species. Our results show new infections with bacterial symbionts in the whitefly species studied. Infections with the same symbionts in reproductively isolated whitefly species confirm complex relationships between whiteflies and bacterial symbionts, and suggest possible horizontal transfer of some of these bacteria.
CONCEALED BIRTHS, ADOPTION AND HUMAN RIGHTS LAW: BEING WARY OF SEEKING TO OPEN WINDOWS INTO PEOPLE'S SOULS
Authors: Marshall Jill
Published: June 2012

Although rare, giving birth in secret or in concealed circumstances still happens in the United Kingdom. The new born child's existence is unknown to his or her biological ‘father’ and or to the wider biological family of the birth giver who wishes to place the child for adoption without his or her existence being revealed to them. Legal decisions need to be made judicially when a local authority seeks orders as to whether it is required to make further inquiries to identify and notify the biological father and or wider biological family as to any forthcoming adoption proceedings. Developments in European human rights law's protection of a right to respect one's private life provided by Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) towards a right to personal autonomy, identity and integrity can be interpreted in different ways. However, three positions are argued here to guard against an erosion of women's confidentiality and privacy in these circumstances. First, women's choices of concealment should be accepted with respect rather than perceived as inauthentic and therefore impermissible; this is in keeping with Article 2's right to life and Article 8's right to personal autonomy and integrity. Second, the right to family life protected by Article 8 of any wider biological family and father is not contravened by allowing women to give birth discreetly. Third, openness and transparency, when it comes to exact knowledge of one's parents in this context is not necessary for a child's identity rights, which are also protected by Article 8's right to personal identity, to be legally protected.
TO RANT, VENT AND CONVERSE: PROTECTING LOW LEVEL DIGITAL SPEECH
Authors: Rowbottom Jacob
Published: June 2012

Several recent cases have highlighted the range of legal controls that can be applied to expression on social networks and other amateur digital content. This article identifies three trends in the regulation of digital communications. First, such communications are subject to a wide range of laws, including those primarily regulating the mass media, public order and targeted communications. Second, the persistence and searchability of digital messages make such communications more likely to come to the attention of litigators and prosecutors. Thirdly, that the established approach to freedom of expression under Article 10 of the ECHR tends to protect speech that is deemed to be of “high value”, and therefore does little to protect much internet content. This article calls for some greater protection to be afforded to communications that are casual and amateur. The freedom to converse outlined in this article does not call for absolute protection, but seeks to ensure that any controls on expression are proportionate. In particular, alternatives to the criminal law are considered.
GENERAL CLAUSES AND THE COMPETING ETHICS OF EUROPEAN CONSUMER LAW IN THE UK
Authors: Willett Chris
Published: June 2012

EU ‘general clauses’ on fairness offer significant potential for improved consumer protection. However, the Supreme Court has interpreted the unfair terms general clause and a related provision by reference to an underlying ethic of self interest and self reliance'; and the same approach is possible under the unfair practices general clauses. This is a significant threat to consumer protection. A more protective ethic may be intended at EU level; and a particular line of argument may be needed to persuade the Supreme Court of this.
Innate immune responses and health of individually reared Holstein calves after placement into transition-pens 23 d after weaning
Authors: Hulbert Lindsey E. , Ballou Michael A.
Published: June 2012

Sixty-four Holstein dairy bull calves were all reared in individual calf-hutches and pens until they were randomly assigned to treatments of Grouped (pens of 3, n=36 calves) or Control (left in home hutch, n=8 calves) at age 68±2·3 d (body weight 74·9±1·5 kg). Blood was drawn at age 66, 70, 74 and 88 d for ex-vivo immunological and biochemical analyses. Calf starter intake was measured daily and individual body weights were measured at age 68, 78, and 89 (±2·3 sd) d. Grouped-calves consumed less starter (P<0·05), and weighed 6·4±1·99 kg less (P<0·05) than Control-calves by age 89 d. Group housing was a mild stressor, as evident by a transient suppression in neutrophil oxidative burst at age 70 d, but there was a lack of difference in the neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio of peripheral leucocytes and neutrophil expression of l-selectin at age 70 and 74 d. However, grouped-calves had elevated total peripheral leukocyte counts at age 70 d (P<0·05) and tended (P<0·10) to be greater at age 74 and 88 d. In addition, neutrophil phagocytosis of Escherichia coli increased (P<0·05) at age 74 d in Grouped-calves. These data indicate that moving calves into transition-pens with 3 calves per group decreases performance, but this may not be due primarily to extreme stress or disease. These data do indicate that it is important that calves have a competent immune system and any potential stressors are limited when they are moved into transition-pens because they are exposed to a wider diversity and (or) load of pathogens.
Relevance of level I and IIB neck dissection in laryngeal cancer
Authors: Wiegand S , Esters J , Müller H-H , Jäcker T , Roessler M , Fasunla J A , Werner J A , Sesterhenn A M
Published: June 2012

Objectives:

Dissection of neck levels I and IIB is time-consuming and can cause comorbidity. This study aimed to determine whether level I and IIB neck dissection was necessary in patients with laryngeal cancer and clinically detectable or nondetectable neck nodes.

Patients and methods:

This was a retrospective review of 73 patients with laryngeal cancer. Essential clinical data were obtained and analysed to determine the incidence of neck node metastasis in levels I and IIB.

Results:

Of the 48 patients with no clinically apparent neck nodes, none had level I metastases and only one had level IIB metastases. Of the patients with clinically detectable neck nodes, three of 21 patients had level I metastases and three of 25 patients had level IIB metastases; these six patients also had additional metastases in level IIA.

Conclusion:

Dissection of neck levels I and IIB is justifiable in laryngeal cancer patients with clinically detectable neck nodes and suspicious lymph nodes in the respective level or level IIA. However, in patients without clinically detectable neck nodes, preservation of levels I and IIB is oncologically safe, economical and reduces the risk of comorbidity.