bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A solid-state, open-system, differential calorimeter
Authors: Lacouture Shelby , Dardik Trevor , Van der Vliet Dennis , Akene Jephtah , Adeosun Samuel , Duncan Robert V.
Published: September 2020

This article details the design, modeling, construction, and evaluation of an open system calorimeter that operates in a normal room environment to measure endothermic or exothermic events in a system subjected to a steady heat flux. The calorimeter is unique because it allows the measurement of energy and power from an “open” system, where a heat flux enters and leaves the calorimetric boundary in a well-controlled manner. It is also novel because it utilizes a solid state heating and cooling assembly that acts as an electronic heat reservoir. The system is capable of measuring power levels from a few milliwatts to several watts, and it has been designed and optimized to be nearly immune to variations at ambient temperature and room airflow. The calorimeter was modeled using lumped parameter electrical–thermal equivalent circuits in SPICE software. This modeling in the electrical domain led to the use of a mathematical correction factor that mitigates mismatches in thermal conduction paths between an active and a passive cell as well as correcting differences in the sensitivities of the flux sensors employed for heat flow measurement. After obtaining a viable design, a prototype was constructed and validated with precise input power delivered via electric joule heating of a resistive element.
Flexible electronic synapse enabled by ferroelectric field effect transistor for robust neuromorphic computing
Authors: Zhong Gaokuo , Zi Mengfei , Ren Chuanlai , Xiao Qun , Tang Mingkai , Wei Liyu , An Feng , Xie Shuhong , Wang Jinbin , Zhong Xiangli , Huang Mingqiang , Li Jiangyu
Published: September 2020

Neuromorphic computing has the potential to accelerate high performance parallel and low power in-memory computation, artificial intelligence, and adaptive learning. Despite emulating the basic functions of biological synapses well, the existing artificial electronic synaptic devices have yet to match the softness, robustness, and ultralow power consumption of the brain. Here, we demonstrate an all-inorganic flexible artificial synapse enabled by a ferroelectric field effect transistor based on mica. The device not only exhibits excellent electrical pulse modulated conductance updating for synaptic functions but also shows remarkable mechanical flexibility and high temperature reliability, making robust neuromorphic computation possible under external disturbances such as stress and heating. Based on its linear, repeatable, and stable long-term plasticity, we simulate an artificial neural network for the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology handwritten digit recognition with an accuracy of 94.4%. This work provides a promising way to enable flexible, low-power, robust, and highly efficient neuromorphic computation that mimics the brain.
Diameter ratio effects in the wake flow of single step cylinders
Authors: Tian Cai , Jiang Fengjian , Pettersen Bjørnar , Andersson Helge I.
Published: September 2020

Vortex interactions behind step cylinders with diameter ratio 2 ≤ D/d ≤ 3 at Reynolds number (ReD) 150 were investigated by directly solving the three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations. In accordance with the previous paper [C. Tian et al., “Vortex dislocation mechanisms in the near wake of a step cylinder,” J. Fluid Mech. 891, A24 (2020)], some interesting characteristics of vortex dislocations, e.g., two phase difference accumulation mechanisms, the trigger and threshold values of vortex dislocations, antisymmetric vortex interactions, and long N-cell cycles, were observed. By performing a detailed investigation of diameter ratio effects, more features of vortex dynamics were discovered. In addition to the known antisymmetric vortex interactions, a symmetric vortex interaction between neighboring N-cell cycles was observed. The long-time observations revealed an interruption of these two types of vortex interactions. By using a well-validated phase tracking method, we monitored the time trace of the phase difference accumulation process in different D/d cases from which decreasing (known) and increasing (new) phase difference tendencies were identified. Both caused the interruption of continuous symmetric or antisymmetric phenomena but through two distinct mechanisms. Meanwhile, the diameter ratio effects on the trigger and threshold values were discussed. Additionally, the likelihood of antisymmetric or symmetric vortex interactions and increasing or decreasing phase difference tendencies was analyzed. Moreover, diameter ratio effects on shedding frequencies and the extensions of three main vortex cells, i.e., S-, N-, and L-cell vortices, were described.
When machine learning meets multiscale modeling in chemical reactions
Authors: Yang Wuyue , Peng Liangrong , Zhu Yi , Hong Liu
Published: September 2020

Due to the intrinsic complexity and nonlinearity of chemical reactions, direct applications of traditional machine learning algorithms may face many difficulties. In this study, through two concrete examples with biological background, we illustrate how the key ideas of multiscale modeling can help to greatly reduce the computational cost of machine learning, as well as how machine learning algorithms perform model reduction automatically in a time-scale separated system. Our study highlights the necessity and effectiveness of an integration of machine learning algorithms and multiscale modeling during the study of chemical reactions.
Instability and interface coupling of coaxial liquid jets in a driving stream
Authors: Mu Kai , Li Guangbin , Si Ting
Published: September 2020

The behavior of jet breakup and interface coupling in a co-flow focusing (CFF) process is studied theoretically. A physical model of coaxial liquid jets moving in an infinite annular driving stream is established, and the dimensionless dispersion relation for temporally axisymmetric perturbations is solved numerically. The effects of process parameters such as flow velocities, liquid physical properties, and radius ratio between the inner and outer jets on the jet instability are analyzed. The evolutions of interface perturbations are observed in CFF experiments, and the perturbation wavelengths under different liquid flow rates are measured in comparison with theoretical predictions. Moreover, the coupling of interface instabilities in CFF is studied through changing the radius ratio between the inner and outer liquid jets. In particular, two simplified single jet models under the assumption of minimum inner and outer liquid flow rates are proposed to reveal the transition from weak coupling to strong coupling of jet interfaces. This work provides great insight into the physical mechanism of interface instability in CFF advantageous for producing monodisperse microdroplets with fine robustness and high throughput.
Physics in the NGSS
Authors:   AAPT
Published: September 2020

Physics is not explicitly differentiated from chemistry within physical science topics or DCIs. As a result, there is some overlap. Schools and teachers are expected to use their professional discretion to determine who teaches these concepts and in what order, although Achieve has released a set of suggested course maps for middle and high school. In some cases, fundamental physics concepts are not mentioned at all, and teachers are expected to use good judgment when making decisions about detailed curriculum, using the NGSS only as guideposts for student achievement along the way. Table 3 shows high school physics-related NGSS, organized by topic.
Normal Forces
Authors: Camp Charles W. , Clement John J.
Published: September 2020

This unit contains two lessons and one laboratory activity with springs, designed to introduce students to some fundamental considerations about the nature of force. The introduction in the previous chapter gave an overview of the instructional strategies to be used in this unit. The laboratory activity stands alone quite well and could be done early in the year before or after the two lessons in the unit. We strongly recommend using the lab before teaching any other units about force in this document, as analogies to springs are used extensively in later units.
Surface Friction Forces
Authors: Camp Charles W. , Clement John J.
Published: September 2020

In trying to analyze and solve mechanics problems, students often fail to include friction forces altogether, have them pointing in the wrong direction, or fail to have them reverse direction when the direction of motion changes. Research has shown that some students do not know (or believe) that there is a specific force due to friction, let alone know its direction or its magnitude relative to other forces in a problem. Most students have a vague intuitive notion about friction: it plays a role in causing sliding objects to slow down and stop; sometimes it generates heat; and it causes loss of useful energy. These ideas serve them well in everyday life, and are useful building blocks, but the concept of friction as a force with a particular direction is often missing.
Answers to Exercises
Authors: Camp Charles W. , Clement John J.
Published: September 2020

ANSWERS TO EXERCISES: Unit 1 – Normal ForcesUnit 2 – Relative MotionUnit 3 – Surface Friction ForcesUnit 4 – Tension ForcesUnit 5 – Gravitational Force IUnit 6 – Gravitational Force IIUnit 7 – InertiaUnit 8 – Inertial and Gravitational ForceUnit 9 – Third Law in Dynamics
Front Matter
Authors: Camp Charles W. , Clement John J.
Published: September 2020

Changes in the second edition have been primarily based on the teaching experiences of Charles Camp, John Kudukey, and Valerie Veneman. Suggestions from other teachers and more strategies from recent teaching materials have also influenced this edition.
Pressure Hazards
Authors:   American Association of Physics Teachers Apparatus Committee
Published: September 2020

Pressures greater than atmospheric are discussed in the Mechanical Hazards section or under “Compressed Gases” in the Chemical Hazards section of this manual. The discussion here will focus on pressures less than atmospheric, or vacuums.
Noise Hazards
Authors:   American Association of Physics Teachers Apparatus Committee
Published: September 2020

The definition of a noise hazard is straightforward: undesired or harmful sound. Hearing loss is normally gradual, painless, and often difficult to detect.1 School laboratories and shops have many sources of noise; most are merely annoying, but some may result in hearing loss if exposure is sufficiently long. Since 1983, OSHA has required employers to provide workplaces free of noise hazards.
Teaching About Newton’s Second Law
Authors: Morse Robert A.
Published: September 2020

This AAPT/PTRA teacher resource guide introduces teachers to a microcomputer-based laboratory (MBL) approach to teaching about Newton’s second law, forces, and solving problems concerning force and motion. It is designed to help teachers develop the appropriate use of computers to help students build first a qualitative, conceptual understanding of Newton’s second law and then a quantitative, problem solving understanding.

Look for these Other AAPT/PTRA Resource Books:Teaching About EnergyTeaching About Magnets and MagnetismTeaching About Impulse and MomentumTeaching About KinematicsTeaching Physics for the First Time
Introduction, Materials, and Bibliography
Authors: Morse Robert A.
Published: September 2020

The activities in this resource guide will develop the ideas of Newton’s second law and Newton’s first law through use of microcomputer-based laboratory (MBL) techniques, in a teaching sequence developed by Robert Morse, Maxine Willis, Priscilla Laws, David Sokoloff, and Ron Thornton. Similar teaching sequences are currently available in published curricula including Workshop Physics, Real-Time Physics, and the CPU project Force and Motion unit. This resource guide includes two major sections. Section II reviews one-dimensional kinematics using microcomputer-based laboratory techniques, then works through a series of experimental activities that develop the basis of Newton’s second and first laws. Finally students use Newton’s laws in activities that develop several specific force laws. By the end of Section II, students have finished a set of activities that are the experimental evidence for a Newtonian model of motion in one dimension. In Section III, students look at the use of the mathematical descriptions of Newton’s laws, the force laws, and kinematics for problem solving, i.e., the analysis of physical situations using the mathematical models developed in Section II.
Introductory Notes
Authors: Morse Robert A.
Published: September 2020

This AAPT/PTRA resource guide describes the use of microcomputer-based laboratory (MBL) techniques to teach Newton’s first and second laws in one-dimensional motion. The sequence of development of ideas is based on earlier work by Priscilla Laws, Robert Morse, David Sokoloff, and Maxine Willis, and on ideas described at the New Mechanics Conference held at Tufts University (August 1992). The sequence developed here owes much to the MBL equipment and techniques pioneered by Robert Tinker and developed by Ron Thornton, David Sokoloff, and Priscilla Laws.
Centripetal Motion
Authors: Mader Jan , Winn Mary
Published: September 2020

Students experience a force every time the car they drive rounds a corner, and yet they have difficulty with the concept of centripetal force. Some common misconceptions that need to be addressed in the study of circular or centripetal motion are the following:No force is needed for circular motion.The force that throws you out from the center is the centrifugal force.An object that travels at a constant speed in a circle or around a curve cannot be accelerating.If the force causing the object to travel in a circular path is suddenly removed, the object will continue to travel in a circle or curved path.
Energy, Work, and Power
Authors: Mader Jan , Winn Mary
Published: September 2020

The formal concept of energy did not develop until the 19th century, when discoveries in science could no longer be fully explained by forces and Newtonian mechanics. With the industrial revolution came a need to better understand how mechanical work is transformed into thermal energy and vice versa.
Waves and Sound
Authors: Mader Jan , Winn Mary
Published: September 2020

Although most of the activities provided for the study of waves and sound involve vibrating objects producing sound, other types of mechanical waves and wave behaviors are included. For each activity or demonstration, ask students what is vibrating to create the disturbance. It is also appropriate to discuss the differences between a pulse and a continuous wave and the differences in the methods of producing them. Have students focus on the transmission of energy along the path of the wave in each example, recognizing that the vibrating object remains centered at its rest position.
The Expansion of The Universe — its Geometry and Topology
Authors: Krauss Lawrence M. , Starkman Glenn D.
Published: September 2020

The discovery by Hubble and colleagues in the 1920’s and 30’s that the Universe is expanding completely changed our picture of the universe, and initiated the modern era in cosmology. It should be noted that this revolution coincided with the first operation of the large telescope on Mount Wilson. Indeed, as each new window on the Universe has been opened, our understanding of cosmology has increased. It is for this reason that the field of cosmology has been so exciting in the past decade or two. New satellites, providing windows in all regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, have been providing a vast storehouse of new data to help us interpret the universe. Supplemented by cosmic ray and neutrino detectors, and soon by gravitational wave detectors, our picture of the universe on its largest scales is continuing to evolve.
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN)
Authors: Krauss Lawrence M. , Starkman Glenn D.
Published: September 2020

When you put a glass of water to your lips, you take a drink of history. Although some of the molecules of water that you consume may be as little as a few days old, most of the atoms (or at least their nuclei) that make up those molecules have been kicking around for at least 4.5 billion years, and some were made when the universe was less than 15 minutes old. For example, the nucleus of one in every 100,000 atoms of hydrogen contains a neutron as well as the usual proton. The nuclei of these atoms, called deuterium, were made almost exclusively within the first minutes of the Big Bang.
Background Material
Authors: Franklin Bill
Published: September 2020

Please begin with the Introduction in Section 1. It lays out the overall plan. This section supplies details.The Impulse-Momentum Equation Is Just Newton’s Second LawWhen Are Momentum and Energy Conserved?Newton’s CradleBumpers, Fender Crumpling, Seat Belts, and Air BagsAnalysis of a Ticker Tape Collision LabLow-Friction Environments: Hovercraft and Winter SportsSample Data and Error Discussion for the Air Impulse Rocket LabSlow ‘Collisions”HosesRockets, Propellers, and SailsAirplane LiftCurve BallsAn Interesting Approach ‘Would You Use It?Articles Reprinted by Permission From The Physics Teacher‘Newton’s Cradle and Scientific Explanation’‘Figuring Physic’ (ice sailcraft)“The Answer Is Obvious. Isn’t It?”
Front Matter
Authors: Franklin Bill
Published: September 2020

As a veteran of more than 30 years of teaching high school physics students and 20 years of providing in-service training for other physics and physical science teachers, I wrote this manual as a guide for teaching about a topic that I consider to be very important in developing a big-picture understanding of the physical world. I hope that it will prove to be useful for classroom teachers, my target audience, and also for those providing pre-service or in-service training for teachers.
Introduction
Authors: Amann George , Barber Jon E. , Ryan Hank J.
Published: September 2020

The National Science Education Standards have had a profound effect on the teaching of science in the United States. One of the fundamental thrusts of the standards has been that science should be taught as a process-oriented activity. That is, science should be taught not as a body of knowledge to be learned, but rather as the process that scientists go through to gain knowledge about nature.
Case studies of atmospheric rivers over China and Australia: new insight into their rainfall generation
Authors: Chen Jingjing , Zhang Huqiang , Ye Chengzhi , Chen Hongzhuan , Mo Ruping
Published: September 2020

While the Australia–Asian (A-A) monsoon is a prominent feature of weather and climate in China and Australia, there are significant differences in their dominant weather patterns and climate drivers. In order to explore different characteristics of atmospheric rivers (ARs) affecting weather and climate in these two countries, this paper compares two typical AR events that occurred in the boreal summer (austral winter) in 2016. The event in China produced record-breaking rainfall in North China, whereas the event in Australia was accompanied by a classic Northwest Cloud Band (NWCB) and produced a rainfall belt across the continent. Using global reanalysis products and ground-based observational data, we analysed the synoptic backgrounds, vertical structures, water vapour sources and relationship between ARs and cloud distributions. In both China and Australia, heavy precipitation was triggered by strong water vapour transport by ARs ahead of midlatitude frontal systems. The main differences between these two AR events and their associated rainfall effectiveness were that (i) the AR intensity in the Asian summer monsoon was stronger than that in the austral winter season over Australia; (ii) the centre of AR maximum moisture transport in China was around 850 hPa, whereas in Australia, it was located at around 700 hPa; and (iii) the AR-induced rainfall was heavier in China than in Australia. These differences were caused by numerous factors, including a lack of topographic influence, a dry climate background in Australia, and different interactions between warm and moist air conveyed by ARs from the tropics with cold air from the midlatitudes. We paid particular attention to the relationship between the Australian AR and its associated cloud structure and rainfall to understand precipitation efficiency of the NWCB. In addition, we assessed the forecast skills of an Australian numerical weather prediction system (ACCESS-APS2) for the two events with different lead times. The model produced reasonable forecasts of the occurrence and intensity of both AR events several days in advance, and the AR forecast skill was better than its forecasts of rainfall location and intensity. This demonstrates the value of using AR analysis in guiding extreme rainfall forecasts with longer lead time.
Application of a paramagnetic gas theory to describe the magneto-optical response in ferrofluids
Authors: Sanz-Felipe Ángel , Martín Juan Carlos
Published: September 2020

The magneto-optical response in ferrofluids depends significantly on the orientation and intensity of an applied magnetic field. However, such essential dependence is far from being properly described by a model based on fundamental laws. In this work, the model proposed by Elmore as an extension of the Langevin theory of a paramagnetic gas is checked. Considering the ferrofluid as an ideal paramagnetic gas is not realistic, so some modifications to the model are proposed. The modified Elmore’s model adequately fits the experimental results obtained at different magnetic field intensities and orientations for the two different wavelengths used. Transmission relaxation evolution after magnetic field switch-off is also provided by the model. In addition, the results for magnetic fields parallel to the light beam are in good agreement.
Instantaneous wall-shear-stress measurements: advances and application to near-wall extreme events
Authors: Örlü Ramis , Vinuesa Ricardo
Published: September 2020

In this article we provide an overview of widely used methods to measure the mean and fluctuating components of the wall-shear stress in wall-bounded turbulent flows. We first note that it is very important to perform direct measurements of the mean wall-shear stress, where oil-film interferometry (OFI) provides the highest accuracy with an uncertainty level of around 1%. Nonetheless, several indirect methods are commonly used due to their straightforward application and these are reviewed in the light of recent findings in wall turbulence. The focus of the review lies, however, on the fluctuating wall-shear stress, which has over the last decade received renewed interest. In this respect, it is interesting to note that one near-wall feature that has received attention is the so-called backflow event, i.e. a sudden, strong short-lived reverse-flow area, which challenges measurement techniques in terms of temporal and spatial resolution, as well as their dynamic range and multi-directional capabilities. Therefore, we provide a review on these backflow events as well as commonly used techniques for fluctuating wall-shear-stress measurements and discuss the various attempts to measure them. The review shows that further development of the accuracy and robustness of available measurement techniques is needed, so that such extreme events can be adequately measured.
Metrological characteristics for the calibration of surface topography measuring instruments: a review
Authors: Leach Richard , Haitjema Han , Su Rong , Thompson Adam
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we will review the development and use of an ISO standardised framework to allow calibration of surface topography measuring instruments. We will draw on previous work to present the state of the art in the field in terms of employed methods for calibration and uncertainty estimation based on a fixed set of metrological characteristics. The resulting standards will define the metrological characteristics and present default methods and material measures for their determination—the paper will summarise this work and point out areas where there is still some work to do. An example uncertainty estimation is given for an optical topography measuring instrument, where the effect of topography fidelity is considered.
Quantifying the spatial resolution of the maximum a posteriori estimate in linear, rank-deficient, Bayesian hard field tomography
Authors: Emmert Johannes , Wagner Steven , Daun Kyle J
Published: September 2020

Image based diagnostics are interpreted in the context of spatial resolution. The same is true for tomographic image reconstruction. Current empirically driven approaches to quantify spatial resolution in chemical species tomography rely on a deterministic formulation based on point-spread functions which neglect the statistical prior information, that is integral to rank-deficient tomography. We propose a statistical spatial resolution measure based on the covariance of the reconstruction (point estimate). By demonstrating the resolution measure on a chemical species tomography test case, we show that the prior information acts as a lower limit for the spatial resolution. Furthermore, the spatial resolution measure can be employed for designing tomographic systems under consideration of spatial inhomogeneity of spatial resolution.
Metastable growth regime for carbon nanowalls and carbon nanofibers in an Ar/H2/C2H2 radiofrequency plasma jet
Authors: Stoica S D , Vizireanu S , Luculescu C R , Mitu B , Dinescu G
Published: September 2020

We reveal a metastable growth regime during deposition of carbon nanomaterials by PECVD in Ar/H2/C2H2 plasma, characterized by a spontaneous transition of the material morphology from carbon nanofibers (CNF) to carbon nanowalls (CNW), during the same continuous experiment, while keeping constant the values of all deposition parameters (radiofrequency power, gas flow rates, pressure, substrate temperature). Thus, one step deposition of layered architectures consisting of CNW standing on the top of CNF is demonstrated. The peculiarities of the transition in the growth regime, from CNF to CNW are not known. Thus, in this study the plasma characteristics leading to single CNW layers are compared to those leading to CNW onto CNF layered architectures. Mass spectrometry is the main investigation method, confirming that comparing to single layer CNW deposition, the metastable growth proceeds at increased ratios of hydrogen ions to carbon clusters ions.
Artificial intelligence for photonics and photonic materials
Authors: Piccinotti Davide , MacDonald Kevin F , A Gregory Simon , Youngs Ian , Zheludev Nikolay I
Published: September 2020

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the most important new methodology in scientific research since the adoption of quantum mechanics and it is providing exciting results in numerous fields of science and technology. In this review we summarize research and discuss future opportunities for AI in the domains of photonics, nanophotonics, plasmonics and photonic materials discovery, including metamaterials.
Kinesin-propelled label-free microtubules imaged with interference reflection microscopy
Authors: Saper Gadiel , Hess Henry
Published: September 2020

Interference reflection microscopy (IRM) utilizes the interference between the light reflected from the surface and the light reflected from an object to generate contrast and can be used to image nanometer size objects, such as a microtubule adhered to a surface as demonstrated by Mahamdeh et al. In in vitro gliding motility assays and in a variety of nanodevices, cytoskeletal filaments are propelled by surface-adhered motor proteins 20 to 50 nm above the surface. Here we employ IRM to image kinesin propelled label-free microtubules and show that these unlabeled microtubules are longer and move at higher velocities compared to rhodamine-labeled microtubules. IRM also provides information about the distance of an elevated microtubule from the surface and is used by us to follow microtubules crossover events. Finally, we perform the gliding assay without adding an oxygen scavenging system and show that there is significantly less photodamage for label-free microtubules measured with IRM compared to rhodamine-labeled microtubules imaged with fluorescence microscopy. This result suggests that IRM can be used for future experiments to further explore the effect of oxygen radicals on the gliding assay. Moreover, the increased velocity and length make label-free microtubules desirable for engineered devices based on molecular motors and filaments.
Overview of the III International Conference on Agribusiness, Environmental Engineering and Biotechnologies – AGRITECH-III - 2020
Authors: Kovalev Igor V , Pyzhikova N I , Shaporova Z E , Voroshilova Anna A
Published: September 2020

The overview describes the main directions and results of the International Conference “AGRITECH-III-2020” held in Krasnoyarsk in June 18-20, 2020. It gives the details about the participants and the proceedings. The anchor partners of Krasnoyarsk Science and Technology City Hall were Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, Volgograd State Technical University and the Volga region research Institute of manufacture and processing of meat-and-milk production. A description of the main trends in modern agribusiness science as well as in the development of the agrarian university are given in the overview.
Industrial and agricultural production in the Perm Territory: economics and organization aspects
Authors: Urasova A A , Balandin D A , Piskunov A I
Published: September 2020

The article considers a methodology for analyzing the organization of industrial and agro-industrial production in the region using the method of correlation pleiades. This allowed the authors to draw conclusions regarding the interconnectedness of spatial and temporal data in the region’s space, as well as to identify quantifiable groups of indicators that are crucial in the region’s economy, in the sustainable development of individual territories, and general trends that form the directional path of the region’s development.
Some aspects of national experience of the cluster approach in agro-industrial complex
Authors: Chebokchinova N M , Kapsargina S A
Published: September 2020

The need to improve the economic efficiency of regional agro-industrial complexes poses challenges related to the choice of a competitive model of the economy that allows you to maximize the available potential. Cluster principles of the organization that successfully prove their effectiveness all over the world can become the optimal solution to the problem. The development of the agro-industrial complex is of particular importance for the successful solution of this task in Russian conditions, since it is faced with the most important problem of ensuring the country’s food security, without which it is impossible to claim the status of a developed state.
Leasing as a form of state support development in crop production
Authors: Ozerova M G , Sharopatova A V
Published: September 2020

The article considers the need to develop leasing relations as a form of state support. The paper analyzes the state of grain production in the Krasnoyarsk region, in order to confirm the postulate about the importance of technical equipment in the industry to increase the intensity and efficiency of production. It was noted that the agricultural machinery fleet has significantly decreased, respectively, the load on the unit of equipment has increased, the degree of wear has increased. In the expansion of state support measures for commodity producers, not the least place should be given to leasing, as one of the most effective methods of purchasing agricultural equipment, especially for small and medium-sized businesses.
Digitalization and mechanization in agriculture industry
Authors: Mentsiev A U , Amirova E F , Afanasev N V
Published: September 2020

Agriculture is a major industry contributing to the gross domestic product of any country around the global. Especially for developing countries, it is not only the most important source of income but is necessary to feed their populations. With the increase in population, the global agriculture industry needs to increase too, currently at 10% of the global GDP, the global agriculture industry needs to grow at least 60% by 2030 in order to keep up with the global demand of agricultural products. This study examines the digital transformation and integration of technology into the agricultural industry. The paper analyzes the main areas of technology implementation in the agricultural industry.
Comparative analysis of electric drive control systems for technological facilities in the agricultural sector
Authors: Platonov V V , Tulegenov E M
Published: September 2020

The article provides a comparative analysis of the most common electric drive control systems: scalar control, vector control and direct torque control DTC. The analysis is carried out according to the criteria for the performance of the torque loop, the robustness of the systems, the level of torque ripple and overshoot in the torque loop. Comparison is made by subjectively assigning points for each of the criteria based on a qualitative assessment. The simplified mathematical models are used for analysis, that taking into account the pulsating moment pulsations. In conclusion, it is concluded that it is advisable to use one or another control system for electrical equipment in various fields of agricultural use.
The importance of microelements in forming duck liver morphology
Authors: Kletikova L V , Martynov A N , Fedorov G A , Garkun V I
Published: September 2020

Microelement composition in a diet influences the morphology of duck liver is described. Microelement composition of the duck food was studied in accordance with GOST (State Standard Specification), which states the selenium content amounting to 0.06 mg/kg for the growing ducks and 0.14 mg/kg for adult ducks. The experiment on Pekin ducks aged from 1 to 120 days implied that the control group received basic diet and the experimental group received DAFS-25k (Diacetofenonilselenide) in accordance with the product instruction during the whole period of raising. The studies were undertaken at an interval of 15 days. Liver structure of one-day ducks had typical anatomy. Connective tissue was moderately marked, tubular structure was clearly marked, hepatocytes had polygon shapes, the nuclei were oval or round, located centrally, they contained from one to four nucleoli. Vacuolated cytoplasm was observed for 15-day ducks from the control group. For the experimental group: hepatocyte nuclei had the same size, cytoplasm was homogeneously coloured, sinusoidal capillaries with red blood cells were clearly marked. In critical periods of raising, namely on the 30th day, when neoptile was replaced with primary plumage, and on the 75th day, during post-juvenile moult, for the control group we could observe granular cytoplasm structure, which is a characteristic feature of granular degeneration; for the experimental ducks: liver structure had definitive structure, morphofunctionally active. For 120-day ducks from the experimental group: the liver retained its tubular structure, had singular fat build-ups; for the control group: clear signs of hepatosteatosis. DAFS-25k did not have negative influence on morphofunctional activity of the organ; the selenium content in the liver of 120-day ducks from the experimental group amounted to 0.52 mcg/kg compared to 0.31 mcg/kg for the control group.
Reproducing the qualities of cows with different methods of synchronization of sexual hunting
Authors: Serdyuchenko I V , Khoroshailo TA , Kozub YA
Published: September 2020

Increasing the intensification of herd reproduction is one of the main ways of increasing the number of beef cattle, increasing beef production, and reducing its cost. The main task in the reproduction of the herd is the annual receipt of a viable calf from each cow and heifer. One of the methods to increase reproductive functions is the use of hormonal drugs, analogues of sex hormones. Synthetic hormonal preparations in dairy cattle breeding are used to synchronize sexual hunting, ovulation and calving, to intensify the sexual functions of uterus (inducing superovulation, shorten the service period, etc.) and to treat pathologies of the ovaries, endometritis, and other disorders of the sexual apparatus of cows and heifers. The article presents the results of applying two synchronization schemes of sexual hunting in Holstein cows in an industrial dairy farm. In the first group, the Pre-synch scheme was used, in the second – «Ovsynch». The schemes differed in that the «Pre-synch» is longer and more costly, but it begins to be used from 21 days after calving. According to the results of the synchronization of sexual hunting of both groups, results were obtained on milk productivity. In the first group, baseline fat milk was produced for 305 days of lactation, 9411.0 kg of milk, in the second - 7785.0 kg. Considering all the costs of synchronizing sexual hunting in Holstein cows, profitability in the control group was 24.8%, in the experimental group - 19.2%.
Building a tool model for the study of the ecosystem “Coronavirus – vector – human - environment”
Authors: Sereda T G , Kostarev S N , Kochinov Y A , Kochinova T V
Published: September 2020

Massive contagious diseases (epidemics, pandemics) that quickly spread over large areas and can migrate from one country to another have been studied by such scientists as E. Johnner (1796), P. Louis (1879), I. Mechnikov (1883) and others. I. Mechnikov the immunity to infectious diseases associated with innate and acquired immunity. In turn, both innate and acquired immunity can be natural, if immunity is acquired as a result of a disease, or artificially acquired as a result of preventive vaccinations or the administration of artificial sera. In early 2020, the World Health Organization announced a pandemic of a new coronavirus infection due to its rapid spread in 170 countries. A person can be infected with coronavirus through different biological media, but first of all it is a respiratory disease. Coronavirus CoVID19 is a further mutation of the virus strain–SARS-pneumonia, also known as SARS-CoV-2. COVID19 contains 16 unstructured and structured proteins and has a large genome. Two models of solving the problem with COVID19, adopted in different countries, are considered: the first is complete self-isolation; the second is partial isolation of people with compromised immune systems. A graphic chart of the state and transition model of the Virus Source, Viral Vector, Recipient and Environment (CoV-E-V-P) system was constructed and analyzed. The change in human health state under the influence of the element parameters of the system is researched. The functional structure of the information model for monitoring and decision management system CoV-E-V-P is designed.
Treatment and prevention of arachnoses, entomoses and nematodoses in small breeds dogs and cats with a drug based on moxidectin
Authors: Belykh I P
Published: September 2020

The authors study the efficacy of pharmaceutical drug “Inspector Mini” for external cutaneous use (spot-on), developed for the treatment and prevention of arachnoses, entomoses and nematodoses in small breeds dogs and cats, puppies and kittens weighing under 1 kg since the use of many drugs is limited for the small weight of the animal. It was found that in 14 days after 2-4 times treatments of animals with demodecosis, sarcoptosis, notoedrosis and otodectosis, microscopy in tick scrapings was not found; when observing experimental animals within 30 days, live larvae, adults of ixodid ticks, fleas, lice, and chewing lice were not observed; in 10 days after treatments of animals with intestinal nematodoses were not observed with a coprooscopic examination of nematodes eggs (Toxocara canis/mystax, Toxascaris leonina). Within 30 days observing dogs and cats using the drug no side effects were detected.
Bacteriophage-mediated sensibilization of mammary gland
Authors: Glazunov E A , Pimenov N V , Pustovit E A
Published: September 2020

In the scientific and practical fields of dairy farming a lot of attention is given to pathologies and diseases of cow’s mammary gland. Mastitis, as a nosological unit, is an actual targeted direction for many researchers. The development of preventive and therapeutic medicines based on bacteriophages is a promising and demanded direction in dairy farming. In the course of work was shown reactogenicity of mammary gland after the intracisternally administration of viral antigen. It was manifested by vividly expressed clinical signs of serous-fibrinous inflammation. The described reaction is very similar to the manifestation of a non-specific antiviral immune response. It was noted the dose-dependent intensity of the somatic reaction and clinical manifestations of a non-specific response when inactivated bacteriophages were administrated. The clinical manifestation of a non-specific protective antiviral mechanism of the mammary gland in response to the administration of bacteriophages was shown too. Method of phage-mediated sensitization of the mammary gland was proposed for the first time.
The indicators of interactions between biota’s components (with the West Siberian Plain as a case study)
Authors: Gashev S N , Konovalov A A , Kazantseva M N , Sorokina N V
Published: September 2020

This article shows that the number of biotic taxa in the region depends on the drought index. From the very beginning, in strict conformity with the drought index, the number of biotic taxa increases from tundra to the border of taiga and forest steppe, where it reaches its maximum, and then it decreases towards the steppe zone. The authors note that the interaction between the components of the biota is characterized by two basic indicators: degree of harmony H and stability Z. The analysis of the state of biotic systems based on the use of these indicators clearly reflects the level and potential for their functioning. These results generally demonstrate the unity and interdependence of plants and animals and the dependence of both on climate.
Indirect differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into macrophage-like cells
Authors: Savchenkova I P , Savchenkova E A , Osipova Yu A , Yurov K P
Published: September 2020

Macrophages derived from pluripotent stem cells represent an attractive cellular system for the study of lentiviruses. The possibility of obtaining cells with a phenotype similar to macrophages in the process of differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in the presence of the conditioned medium (CS) from bone marrow-derived stromal cells or interleukin 3 (Il-3) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) was demonstrated. The results of flow cytofluorimetry showed that the replacement of CS with recombinant cytokines in induction media contributed to an increase in the number of cells positively stained antibodies (AB) against AG CD34 by 8% and CD45 by 20%. When seeding such cells in a methylcellulose medium supplemented with CS or a mixture of Il-3 and M-CSF, the formation of colonies with different morphology, including monocyte/macrophage, was observed with an efficiency of 0.11 % and 0.33%, respectively. The percentage of positively stained cells AB against F4/80 AG was 8±0.02 %. The cells demonstrated the ability to non-specific phagocytosis of latex particles. Thus, it is shown that it is possible to obtain cells with a phenotype similar to macrophages from mouse ESCs during differentiation, and the advantage of using two recombinant cytokines for this purpose is established.
Influence of mineral-protein feed additive on the characteristics of the bone tissue of the vertebrae of cattle in alimentary osteodystrophy
Authors: Savinkov A V , Lapteva E I , Semenenko K A , Semenenko M P , Ermakov V V , Kuzminova E V
Published: September 2020

In the experiments, it was found that in case of alimentary osteodystrophy of dairy cattle the use of the mineral-protein additive causes an increase in dimming during X-ray examination of the marginal epiphysic zone of the 5th caudal vertebrae by 9.4% (p <0.05); there was an increase in the mass and density of the 5th caudal vertebrae by 7.1% and by 9.6%, respectively; the stability of the bone structure of the spinal canal of the vertebrae to mechanical pressure increased by 7.9%, and the stability of the body of the caudal vertebrae increased by 25.1% (p <0.05); the level of magnesium and calcium in the bone substance of the vertebrae increased significantly by 40.2% (p <0.05) and 6.0% (p <0.01), respectively; histological examination revealed an increase in the density of the structure of bone tissue by 48% and the number of osteocytes - by 42.2%.
The influence of chemical soils composition on the thermodynamic probability of the air nitrogen fixation
Authors: Podshivalova A K
Published: September 2020

According to the simulation results, the oxidation of air nitrogen in soils to the highest degree of oxidation (nitrate ion) is thermodynamically possible. Clay soils are favorable for the process of air nitrogen oxidation. Sandy soils are inert in this respect, and the processes occurring in them are determined by other participants of the studied thermodynamic systems. Soils containing limestone and slaked lime are characterized by the highest efficiency of fixation of air nitrogen. The thermodynamic probability of air nitrogen binding depends not only on the type of the main component of the mineral fertilizer, but also on the degree of its oxidation in the composition of the corresponding compound. The presence of nitrogen (+5) in the simulated systems creates thermodynamic prerequisites for reducing the energy barrier of the limiting stage of air nitrogen oxidation.
Siberian cedar in subordinate crops
Authors: Matveeva R N , Bratilova N P , Butorova O F , Kolosovsky E V , Svalova A I
Published: September 2020

The growth indices of the 56-year-old Siberian cedar, which grows in forest crops under the forest stand canopy of Pinus sylvestris and Betula pendula when the canopy closed 0.1–0.4; 0.5-0.7; 0.8-0.9 and the number of survived specimens in the sites (from 1 to 8 pcs.) in the suburban area of Krasnoyarsk. Initially, in each area measuring 0.7×0.7m, 9 pieces of four-year-old seedlings were planted under the Kolesov’s planting iron, placing them at a distance of 20 cm. There is a distance of 4 m between the centers of the sites. It was found that indicators of leading trees such as height, diameter of the trunk and crown significantly decrease with increasing closeness of the canopy (the share of the influence of canopy on the height of the leading trees amounted to 84.8%, to the barrel diameter - 91.3%). The share of the influence of the number of Siberian cedar trees preserved in the sites on the indicators of leading specimens is insignificant and amounted to 3.9% in height and 1.7% in trunk diameter. The creation of Siberian cedar cultures is recommended with a lesser density of the forest stand canopy or in an open area.
Increasing the operating life of parts of weaving equipment
Authors: Roshchin M N
Published: September 2020

The work is devoted to increasing the operating life of parts of weaving equipment. The method of accelerated wear tests is considered. Technological approaches for applying a wear-resistant coating to parts of weaving equipment are identified. Coatings from powder materials PG-10N-01 are promising for hardening the friction surfaces of parts of weaving equipment. The operating life of parts with coatings according to the wear resistance criterion is increased up to 15 times concerning the parts with coatings made of TSP-6. Under existing operating conditions, emergency situations due to delamination of the coating are excluded.