bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strange metallicity in the doped Hubbard model
Authors: Huang Edwin W. , Sheppard Ryan , Moritz Brian , Devereaux Thomas P.
Published: November 2019

Looking for a strange metal

In many materials, charge carriers are well described as noninteracting quasiparticles. However, in materials with strong correlations, this approximation can break down, leading to anomalous transport properties at high temperatures. Huang
et al.
used quantum Monte Carlo calculations to look for this so-called strange metal phase in the simplest two-dimensional model of interacting electrons, the Hubbard model. They found that the calculated resistivity had a linear temperature dependence when hole doping was introduced, as expected in the strange metal phase. This observation provides confidence that simplified models can be used to describe and understand the behavior of real materials, such as cuprate high-temperature superconductors.

Science
, this issue p.
987
Direct observation of van der Waals stacking–dependent interlayer magnetism
Authors: Chen Weijiong , Sun Zeyuan , Wang Zhongjie , Gu Lehua , Xu Xiaodong , Wu Shiwei , Gao Chunlei
Published: November 2019

Stacking control

Recent searches for two-dimensional magnets have turned up a number of related van der Waals materials, such as chromium triiodide (CrI
3
) and chromium tribromide (CrBr
3
). Although their properties are expected to be similar, in bilayer form, the former is antiferromagnetic, whereas the latter appears to be a ferromagnet. Chen
et al.
used spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy to determine that the nature of the magnetic state in bilayer CrBr
3
depends on the type of stacking of its monolayers. An antiferromagnetic state formed when the two monolayers were oriented in the same direction, whereas the opposite orientation led to ferromagnetism.

Science
, this issue p.
983
Highly enantioselective carbene insertion into N–H bonds of aliphatic amines
Authors: Li Mao-Lin , Yu Jin-Han , Li Yi-Hao , Zhu Shou-Fei , Zhou Qi-Lin
Published: November 2019

A tag team approach to forming C–N bonds

Many pharmaceutical compounds contain carbon-nitrogen (C–N) bonds in just one of two mirror-image orientations. Forging these bonds with electron-rich nitrogen reactants is challenging because the nitrogen groups can coordinate with, and thus interfere with, the catalyst. Li
et al.
report a cooperative approach to overcoming this obstacle (see the Perspective by Ovian and Jacobsen). They used a copper catalyst to activate the carbon reactant and then a hydrogen-bonding thiourea catalyst to set the product geometry with high selectivity. The reaction is compatible with a broad range of diazo ester and amine coupling partners.

Science
, this issue p.
990
; see also p.
948
Universality and diversity in human song
Authors: Mehr Samuel A. , Singh Manvir , Knox Dean , Ketter Daniel M. , Pickens-Jones Daniel , Atwood S. , Lucas Christopher , Jacoby Nori , Egner Alena A. , Hopkins Erin J. , Howard Rhea M. , Hartshorne Joshua K. , Jennings Mariela V. , Simson Jan , Bainbridge Constance M. , Pinker Steven , O’Donnell Timothy J. , Krasnow Max M. , Glowacki Luke
Published: November 2019

Cross-cultural analysis of song

It is unclear whether there are universal patterns to music across cultures. Mehr
et al.
examined ethnographic data and observed music in every society sampled (see the Perspective by Fitch and Popescu). For songs specifically, three dimensions characterize more than 25% of the performances studied: formality of the performance, arousal level, and religiosity. There is more variation in musical behavior within societies than between societies, and societies show similar levels of within-society variation in musical behavior. At the same time, one-third of societies significantly differ from average for any given dimension, and half of all societies differ from average on at least one dimension, indicating variability across cultures.

Science
, this issue p.
eaax0868
; see also p.
944
Unraveling the claims for (and against) green growth
Authors: Jackson Tim , Victor Peter A.
Published: November 2019

Can the global economy grow indefinitely, decoupled from Earth's limitations?
The world in a song
Authors: Fitch W. Tecumseh , Popescu Tudor
Published: November 2019

Similar songs are used in similar contexts around the world
The context of diversity
Authors: Laurencin Cato T.
Published: November 2019

The term “diversity,” which came about in connection with the passage of the U.S. Civil Rights Act of 1964, has been expanding to include an ever-growing list of identities—from race, gender, and sexual orientation to physical appearance, belief systems, thought styles, socioeconomic status, and rural/urban geographic location, among others. This is a welcome extension of representation, but this added texture has a downside—it threatens to muddle targets and obscure actions when achieving diversity is the goal. This consequence is particularly serious in the context of addressing equity for specific underrepresented racial and ethnic groups. Next week, the U.S. National Academies will convene the Roundtable on Black Men and Black Women in Science, Engineering and Medicine to focus on confronting issues that threaten the future of Blacks broadly in science. Forging systemic changes that bring Black diversity at all education and career levels will hopefully bring racial equity to practices in these fields and in doing so, expand the benefits of science, engineering, and medicine to society.
Comparative Therapeutic Potential of ALX-0171 and Palivizumab against Respiratory Syncytial Virus Clinical Isolate Infection of Well-Differentiated Primary Pediatric Bronchial Epithelial Cell Cultures
Authors: Broadbent Lindsay , Parke Hong Guo , Ferguson Lyndsey J. , Millar Andrena , Shields Michael D. , Detalle Laurent , Power Ultan F.
Published: November 2019

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe lower respiratory tract infections in young infants. There are no RSV-specific treatments available. Ablynx has been developing an anti-RSV F-specific nanobody, ALX-0171. To characterize the therapeutic potential of ALX-0171, we exploited our well-differentiated primary pediatric bronchial epithelial cell (WD-PBEC)/RSV infection model, which replicates several hallmarks of RSV diseasein vivo.
Sporulation and Germination in Clostridial Pathogens
Authors: Shen Aimee , Edwards Adrianne N. , Sarker Mahfuzur R. , Paredes-Sabja Daniel
Published: November 2019

As obligate anaerobes, clostridial pathogens depend on their metabolically dormant, oxygen-tolerant spore form to transmit disease. However, the molecular mechanisms by which those spores germinate to initiate infection and then form new spores to transmit infection remain poorly understood. While sporulation and germination have been well characterized in
Bacillus subtilis
and
Bacillus anthracis
, striking differences in the regulation of these processes have been observed between the bacilli and the clostridia, with even some conserved proteins exhibiting differences in their requirements and functions. Here, we review our current understanding of how clostridial pathogens, specifically
Clostridium perfringens
,
Clostridium botulinum
, and
Clostridioides difficile
, induce sporulation in response to environmental cues, assemble resistant spores, and germinate metabolically dormant spores in response to environmental cues. We also discuss the direct relationship between toxin production and spore formation in these pathogens.
Interrogating the Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequence of Escherichia coli Sequence Type 127 Strain 1538RHQ, Which Harbors Virulent Antigenic Factors, Isolated from a Mastitic Cow
Authors: Bashir A. , Zunita Z. , Jesse F. F. A. , Ramanoon S. Z. , Mohd-Azmi M. L.
Published: November 2019

We report the whole-genome sequence of
Escherichia coli
sequence type 127 (ST127) strain 1538RHQ, recovered from a mastitic cow in a dairy herd in Selangor, Malaysia. The objective of this study was to identify the antigenic and virulence properties that can be used as suitable targets for vaccine development against bovine mastitis.
Anterior Nares Diversity and Pathobionts Represent Sinus Microbiome in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: De Boeck Ilke , Wittouck Stijn , Martens Katleen , Claes Jos , Jorissen Mark , Steelant Brecht , van den Broek Marianne F. L. , Seys Sven F. , Hellings Peter W. , Vanderveken Olivier M. , Lebeer Sarah
Published: November 2019

There is a clear need to better understand the pathology and specific microbiome features in chronic rhinosinusitis patients, but little is known about the bacterial topography and continuity between the different niches of the upper respiratory tract. Our work showed that the anterior nares could be an important reservoir for potential sinus pathobionts. This has implications for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of CRS. In addition, we found a potential pathogenic role for the
Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum
,
Haemophilus influenzae/H. aegyptius
, and
Staphylococcus
taxa and a potential beneficial role for
Dolosigranulum
. Finally, a decreased microbiome diversity was observed in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps compared to that in healthy controls but not in chronic rhinosinusitis patients with nasal polyps. This suggests a potential role for the microbiome in disease development or progression of mainly this phenotype.
Global mercury enrichment in Valanginian sediments supports a volcanic trigger for the Weissert episode
Authors: Charbonnier* Guillaume , Adatte Thierry , Duchamp-Alphonse Stéphanie , Spangenberg Jorge E. , Föllmi Karl B.
Published: November 2019

Recently, a set of mercury (Hg) anomalies in Valanginian sediments recovered from European sections demonstrated that an important magmatic pulse occurred at the onset of the Weissert episode. In this study, we report the distribution of Hg contents near the onset of the Weissert episode from localities outside of Europe, in the proto–Atlantic Ocean (Blake Bahama and Cap Hatteras Basins, Deep Sea Drilling Project [DSDP] Holes 534A and 603B) and southern Tethys Ocean (Argo Abyssal Plain, Ocean Drilling Program [ODP] Hole 765C), in order to evaluate the global impact of volcanism during the Valanginian. In addition, we also reinvestigated the Orpierre and Angles sections of the Vocontian Basin at a very high time resolution, to examine the potential impact of regional volcanic activity during that time interval. The onset of the Weissert episode in the proto-Atlantic and in the southern Tethyan cores is marked by significant increases in Hg contents. The persistence of the Hg anomaly in Hg/total organic carbon and Hg/Al ratios suggests that Hg enrichments were not primarily controlled by runoff processes and/or redox conditions, but instead indicate an increase in volcanic activity. The Hg enrichments recorded from localities outside of Europe at different latitudes were correlated to those previously observed in European sections, thereby confirming the presence of a global Hg peak at the onset of the Weissert episode. This peak was probably related to the emplacement of the Paraná-Etendeka large igneous province, suggesting a key role for volcanic activity during the Valanginian global environmental perturbations. In coeval intervals in the Vocontian Basin, Hg records show abrupt and short-lived enrichments, which correspond in the sedimentary successions to a goethite-rich ocher-colored layer. Two regional processes could explain Hg deposition and sequestration in this region: increased Hg sequestration by organic matter production in an oxygen-depleted environment, and/or the presence of regional volcanic activity, which is also indicated by the occurrence of a distal volcanic ash layer.
Integrated mineralogical and rock magnetic study of Deccan red boles
Authors: Font* Eric , Adatte Thierry , Abrajevitch Alexandra , Mirão José , Sharma Nikhil , Sordet Valentin , Andrade Mariana
Published: November 2019

We conducted a detailed rock magnetic and mineralogical study of bole beds from the Deccan magmatic province, India. Magnetic susceptibility of 15 bole beds showed two contrasting patterns, with susceptibility values either increasing or decreasing up the profile. We then focused on two representatives red boles located in the Western Ghats, the RBB and RBAN profiles, to unravel the nature and origin of these contrasting magnetic susceptibility patterns. The presence of smectite argues against significant secondary thermal alterations. Major-elemental compositions obtained by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry of RBB and RBAN red boles are comparable to the parent basalt and show significant and typical depletion of mobile elements such as sodium and calcium compared to the parent basalt. The Ti/Al ratio of both the red boles and their overlying clay layers is close to the typical value of Deccan basalt (0.2), suggesting that the material of the red boles has been derived from weathering of the parent basalt. The chemical index of alteration varies from 40–50 in the parent basalt to 80–90 at the top of the bole beds, consistent with moderate to intense weathering of the bole beds. However, similar to other Deccan bole beds, indices of lateritization below 50 suggest that the state of lateritization has not been reached. Although the RBB and RBAN profiles share similar mineralogical signatures, their magnetic mineral assemblages are distinctly different. In the RBB profile, magnetic susceptibility decreases up-profile as a result of oxidation/dissolution of primary titanomagnetite inherited from the parent basalt, with subsequent formation of pedogenic hematite and superparamagnetic particles. In contrast, magnetic susceptibility in the RBAN profile, which contains magnetite, some hematite, and goethite, increases up-profile. The increase in the magnetic signal is mainly due to the increasing amounts of phyllosilicate and goethite, while the content of magnetite and hematite remains constant along the profile. We attribute the variation in the magnetic mineral assemblage to contrasting humid and dry environments during weathering, leading to the preferential formation of goethite or hematite, respectively. The combined mineralogical and rock magnetic data suggest the existence of a single weathering profile involving soil formation in the two studied red boles, with few or no contributions from an external source.
Glomus tumour of the male urethra: an unusual diagnostic
Authors: Ramsay Sophie , Chan Garson , Zimmerman W Britt , Chee Justin
Published: November 2019

A 56-year-old man was referred to a reconstructive urologist for evaluation of a tender nodule in the penoscrotal area. Penile Doppler ultrasound showed a non-compressible mass with internal vascularity within the corpora spongiosum, and MRI identified an enhancing, solid mass arising from the ventral aspect of the urethra. Surgical resection warranted partial excision and reconstruction of the urethra, which was achieved by a dorsal onlay buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty through a perineal incision with penile invagination. The histopathology report concluded to an invasive, high-grade urothelial carcinoma, for which an aggressive oncological approach was considered. However, discussion with the pathology team led to the identification of a glomus tumour for which the patient did not need additional procedures. Urethral glomus tumours are extremely rare and should be included in the differential diagnosis of urethral masses. This case exemplifies the importance of teamwork in the management of uncommon cases.
PRDX3 is associated with metastasis and poor survival in uveal melanoma
Authors: Ramasamy Pathma , Larkin Anne-Marie , Linge Annett , Tiernan Damien , McAree Fionnuala , Horgan Noel , Moriarty Paul , Beatty Stephen , Murphy Conor C , Clynes Martin , Kennedy Susan , Meleady Paula
Published: November 2019

Aims

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults, and 40% develop fatal metastatic disease. Overexpression of thioredoxin-dependent peroxidase reductase (PRDX3) has been implicated in several cancers, including prostate, breast, colorectal and lung cancer. The aim of this study was to compare the immunohistochemical expression of PRDX3 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) primary UM tissues of patients who did and did not develop metastatic disease.

Methods

Immunohistochemical staining of PRDX3 was performed on FFPE tissue microarray samples of 92 primary UM tumours from patients who did and did not develop metastatic disease. The immunohistochemical staining was assessed by two observers who were blinded to all clinicopathological and cytogenetic details including metastatic/non-metastatic information. Based on a scoring system, expression of PRDX3 was graded as high or low.

Results

There were 55 tumours (59.8%) from patients who developed metastatic disease, while 37 (40.2%) were from patients who did not develop metastasis. A statistically significant difference in PRDX3 expression was observed in patients who did and did not develop metastasis (p=0.001). A significant positive correlation between high PRDX3 expression and metastasis was observed (p=0.001). A significant negative correlation between PRDX3 expression and survival was found (p=0.005). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a statistically significant difference in overall survival between tumours that demonstrated low and high expression of PRDX3 (67.61 vs 130.64 months, respectively, p=0.013).

Conclusions

High immunohistochemical expression of PRDX3 in primary UM tissue is associated with metastasis and poor survival.
Ottawa Statement does not impede randomised evaluation of government health programmes
Authors: Weijer Charles , Taljaard Monica
Published: November 2019

In this issue ofJME, Watsonet alcall for research evaluation of government health programmes and identify ethical guidance, including the Ottawa Statement on the ethical design and conduct of cluster randomised trials, as a hindrance. While cluster randomised trials of health programmes as a whole should be evaluated by research ethics committees (RECs), Watsonet alargue that the health programme per se is not within the researcher’s control or responsibility and, thus, is out of scope for ethics review. We argue that this view is wrong. The scope of research ethics review is not defined by researcher control or responsibility, but rather by the protection of research participants. And the randomised evaluation of health programmes impacts the liberty and welfare interests of participants insofar as they may be exposed to a harmful programme or denied access to a beneficial one. Further, Watsonet al’s claim that ‘study programmes … would occur whether or not there were any … research activities’ is incorrect in the case of cluster randomised designs. In a cluster randomised trial, the government does not implement a programme as usual. Rather, researchers collaborate with the government to randomise clusters to intervention or control conditions in order to rigorously evaluate the programme. As a result, equipoise issues are triggered that must be addressed by the REC.
Prognostic value of von Willebrand factor for patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Authors: Ye Yuan-Zheng , Chang Ya-Fei , Wang Bao-Zhu , Ma Yi-Tong , Ma Xiang
Published: November 2019

Background

It is unknown whether an abnormal level of von Willebrand factor (vWF) is correlated with the prognosis of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and current findings are controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between vWF levels and the clinical prognosis of patients with AF.

Methods

We searched prospective cohort studies on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and WanFang databases for vWF and adverse events of AF from inception of the databases to July 2019. The risk ratios of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, major adverse cardiac events (MACE), stroke and bleeding prognosis in patients with AF were analysed using a fixed-effects model or random-effects model, and all included studies were evaluated with heterogeneity and publication bias analysis.

Results

Twelve studies which included 7449 patients with AF were used in the meta-analysis. The average age was 71.3 years and the average follow-up time was 3.38 years. The analysis found that high vWF levels were associated with increased risks of all-cause death (RR 1.56; 95% CI 1.16 to 2.11, p=0.00400), cardiovascular death (RR 1.91; 95% CI 1.20 to 3.03, p=0.00600), MACE (RR 1.83; 95% CI 1.28 to 2.62, p=0.00090), stroke (RR 1.69; 95% CI 1.08 to 2.64, p=0.02000) and bleeding (RR 2.01; 95% CI 1.65 to 2.45, p<0.00001) in patients with AF.

Conclusions

vWF is a risk factor for poor prognosis of AF, and patients with higher vWF levels have a higher risk of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, MACE, stroke and bleeding.
Carbon monoxide concentration in mainstream E-cigarette emissions measured with diode laser spectroscopy
Authors: Casebolt Rileigh , Cook S Jewel , Islas Ana , Brown Alyssa , Castle Karen , Dutcher Dabrina D
Published: November 2019

The e-fluid heated in electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is largely composed of organic compounds, specifically propylene glycol, vegetable glycerin and flavouring compounds. When heated, as it is in an e-cigarette, the chemical species in this fluid have the potential to oxidise into carbon monoxide (CO) and other species. Using diode laser spectroscopy, the concentration of CO in e-cigarette mainstream effluent as a function of e-cigarette power and flavour was measured. Carbon monoxide concentration was found to be a direct function of the power of the resistive heating. At the highest powers testable using commercial e-cigarette components, the maximum CO concentration measured was over 180 ppm. The flavouring compounds in the e-fluid also had an effect on the concentration of carbon monoxide present in the effluent.
Body condition of spring-migrating Green-winged Teal (Anas crecca)
Authors: Klimas Samuel T. , Osborn Joshua M. , Osborne Douglas C. , Lancaster Joseph D. , Jacques Christopher N. , Yetter Aaron P. , Hagy Heath M.
Published: November 2019

Spring migration is an energetically demanding event that can impact nutrient dynamics of individuals during the breeding season through carry-over effects. Limited food availability at spring stopover areas may have cross-seasonal effects that adversely impact waterfowl populations. We collected 161 Green-winged Teal (Anas crecca Linnaeus, 1758; hereafter Teal) throughout the Illinois River Valley, USA, during February–April of 2016–2018 and estimated body condition using three condition indices (scaled mass index, scaled wing index, body-size index) for comparison with carcass lipid and protein values. Lipids were 18.3% (95% CI = 1.0%–38.5%) and 21.6% (95% CI = 4.8%–41.0%) greater at locations with moderate (250–600 kg/ha) and high (>600 kg/ha) moist-soil seed densities, respectively, than low moist-seed density (<250 kg/ha) sites. Lipids also increased 2.4% (95% CI = 0.2%–5.1%) with every 10% increase in the proportion of plant seeds in diets and decreased 0.9% (SE = 0.4%–1.4%) and 3.8% (SE = 2.1%–5.4%) with every 1-day increase in collection date and 1 °C rise in mean temperature, respectively. Condition indices based on morphology were poor (r ≤ 0.45) predictors of lipids and led to potentially erroneous conclusions regarding important contributions to body condition. Availability of emergent wetlands with adequate food resources may affect lipid reserves of Teal during spring migration and have cross-seasonal effects during the breeding season.
Comparison of sampling precision for nearshore marine wildlife using unmanned and manned aerial surveys
Authors: Kelaher Brendan P. , Peddemors Victor M. , Hoade Brent , Colefax Andrew P. , Butcher Paul A.
Published: November 2019

Aerial surveys of large marine wildlife in nearshore areas can support management actions to ensure conservation of this megafauna. While most aerial surveys of marine wildlife have been carried out using manned aircraft, unmanned aerial systems (commonly known as drones) are being increasingly used. Here, we compare the relative accuracy and precision of marine wildlife surveys from a multirotor drone and a manned helicopter for the first time. At two locations on the east coast of Australia, we simultaneously surveyed sharks (including white sharks, Carcharodon carcharias), dolphins, rays, and sea turtles in nearshore coastal areas using a multirotor drone (DJI Inspire I) and a helicopter (Robinson 44 Clipper II) over 26 separate flights. Sampling included the real-time quantification of marine wildlife by an observer in the helicopter and the pilot of the drone. The video feed from the drone was then later re-sampled in the laboratory. Of the three methods, post-hoc analysis of drone video footage is likely to provide the most accurate and precise estimates of marine wildlife in nearshore areas. When real-time data are required (e.g., for shark-risk mitigation), manned helicopters (over larger stretches of coast) and drones (across localised beaches) will both be useful.
Fermionic response in nonlinear arcsin electrodynamics
Authors: Rai Nishal
Published: November 2019

We consider certain blackhole solution in non-linear arcsin electrodynamics coupled with gravity and axions. We have studied the behaviour of the fermionic operators in the dual (2+1)-dimensional theory. We consider holographic spectral function for both the backreacted solutions and probe limit over the range of physical parameters. We find that with a variation of the charge density the system changes from Fermi liquid to non-Fermi liquid and the transition point depends on the temperature.
Space-charge dynamics in Orbitrap mass spectrometers
Authors: Grinfeld D. , Stewart H. , Skoblin M. , Denisov E. , Monastyrsky M. , Makarov A.
Published: November 2019

The paper deals with space-charge interactions in the ion population trapped in the Orbitrap[Formula: see text] mass analyzer where the ions perform multiple quasi-harmonic oscillations in the axial direction. The many-particle problem for interacting ions is mathematically complicated and its solution, even numerical, is obstructed by the required precision of one per million to be maintained on a large number [Formula: see text] of oscillation periods. We develop a perturbation method based on the Bogoliubov–Krylov–Mitropolsky theory and derive averaged Hamiltonian equations in perturbations, which describe the evolution of the ions’ oscillation amplitudes and phases in so-called “slow” time. This approach provides a semi-analytical comprehensive model of resonant and nonresonant space-charge effects and allows fast and accurate numerical computation. Practical mitigation strategies for most deteriorating space-charge effects like coalescence and frequency shifts are considered.
Muon loss rates from betatron resonances at the Muon g − 2 Storage Ring at Fermilab
Authors: Tarazona D. A. , Berz M. , Makino K.
Published: November 2019

The Muon [Formula: see text] Experiment at Fermilab (E989) is directed toward measuring the muon magnetic anomaly, [Formula: see text], with total statistical and systematic errors of 0.14 ppm. This new measurement will serve as strong probe of effects of as yet undiscovered particles beyond the Standard Model (SM), and perhaps validate or disprove other theoretical models beyond the SM. Of special interest is the reduction of muon losses from the storage ring to achieve the precision needed at the Muon [Formula: see text] Experiment. For this purpose, we have developed a detailed and precise symplectic model of the Muon [Formula: see text] Storage Ring using COSY INFINITY that considers measured inhomogeneities of the magnetic field; high-order representation of the Electrostatic Quadrupole System (EQS) electrostatic field at different stages of the experiment including fringe fields; injection to the ring based on measurements; and beam collimation. Specifically, we have performed numerical analyses of the rate of muons that are lost before they have a chance to decay for several possible configurations of the EQS in order to find the best possible scenarios that minimize muon losses and understand the resonance mechanisms that contribute to betatron and possibly spin resonances. Additionally, comparisons with measurements have permitted the determination of whether observed resonances come from anticipated features of the [Formula: see text] storage ring or from unexpected sources of error whose effect could be detrimental to the precision of E989.
Challenges in simulating beam dynamics of dielectric laser acceleration
Authors: Niedermayer Uwe , Adelmann A. , Bettoni S. , Calvi M. , Dehler M. , Ferrari E. , Frei F. , Hauenstein D. , Hermann B. , Hiller N. , Ischebeck R. , Lombosi C. , Prat E. , Reiche S. , Rivkin L. , Aßmann R. , Dorda U. , Hartl I. , Kuropka W. , Lemery F. , Marchetti B. , Mayet F. , Xuan H. , Zhu J. , Black D. S. , Broaddus P. N. , Byer R. L. , Ceballos A. , Deng H. , Fan S. , Harris J. , Hirano T. , Hughes T. W. , Jiang Y. , Langenstein T. , Leedle K. , Miao Y. , Ody A. , Pigott A. , Sapra N. , Solgaard O. , Su L. , Tan S. , Vuckovic J. , Yang K. , Zhao Z. , Boine-Frankenheim O. , Egenolf T. , Skär E. , Cesar D. , Musumeci P. , Naranjo B. , Rosenzweig J. , Shen X. , Cowan B. , England R. J. , Huang Z. , Cankaya H. , Fakhari M. , Fallahi A. , Kärtner F. X. , Feurer T. , Hommelhoff P. , Illmer J. , Li A. , Mittelbach A. , McNeur J. , Schönenberger N. , Shiloh R. , Tafel A. , Yousefi P. , Kozak M. , Qi M. , Lee Y. J. , Huang Y.-C. , Simakov E.
Published: November 2019

Dielectric Laser Acceleration (DLA) achieves the highest gradients among structure-based electron accelerators. The use of dielectrics increases the breakdown field limit, and thus the achievable gradient, by a factor of at least 10 in comparison to metals. Experimental demonstrations of DLA in 2013 led to the Accelerator on a Chip International Program (ACHIP), funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. In ACHIP, our main goal is to build an accelerator on a silicon chip, which can accelerate electrons from below 100 keV to above 1 MeV with a gradient of at least 100 MeV/m. For stable acceleration on the chip, magnet-only focusing techniques are insufficient to compensate the strong acceleration defocusing. Thus, spatial harmonic and Alternating Phase Focusing (APF) laser-based focusing techniques have been developed. We have also developed the simplified symplectic tracking code DLAtrack6D, which makes use of the periodicity and applies only one kick per DLA cell, which is calculated by the Fourier coefficient of the synchronous spatial harmonic. Due to coupling, the Fourier coefficients of neighboring cells are not entirely independent and a field flatness optimization (similarly as in multi-cell cavities) needs to be performed. The simulation of the entire accelerator on a chip by a Particle In Cell (PIC) code is possible, but impractical for optimization purposes. Finally, we have also outlined the treatment of wake field effects in attosecond bunches in the grating within DLAtrack6D, where the wake function is computed by an external solver.
HOW DOES KNOWLEDGE SHARING ACROSS GENERATIONS IMPACT INNOVATION?
Authors: WOODFIELD PAUL J. , HUSTED KENNETH
Published: November 2019

We explore how knowledge sharing impacts innovation across generations of a family firm. We argue that each generation contributes to the knowledge pool differently, and there can be different levels of hostility towards sharing knowledge that can impact a family firm’s ability to innovate. We present two models distinguishing the source of knowledge from the receiver of knowledge for each generation. When the senior generation is the source of knowledge, business tends to be as per usual. Conversely, when the source of knowledge is the next generation, this can lead to new approaches to doing business being introduced, with potential for innovation activities and outcomes. We suggest that to minimise hoarding and rejection of knowledge, strategies need to be in place to avoid redundancy in the knowledge production and problem-solving processes.
Enhancing Personalized Recommendation by Implicit Preference Communities Modeling
Authors: Lin Xiao , Zhang Min , Liu Yiqun , Ma Shaoping
Published: November 2019

Recommender systems aim to capture user preferences and provide accurate recommendations to users accordingly. For each user, there usually exist others with similar preferences, and a collection of users may also have similar preferences with each other, thus forming a community. However, such communities may not necessarily be explicitly given, and the users inside the same communities may not know each other; they are formally defined and named Implicit Preference Communities (IPCs) in this article. By enriching user preferences with the information of other users in the communities, the performance of recommender systems can also be enhanced.

Historical explicit ratings are a good resource to construct the IPCs of users but is usually sparse. Meanwhile, user preferences are easily affected by their social connections, which can be jointly used for IPC modeling with the ratings. However, this imposes two challenges for model design. First, the rating and social domains are heterogeneous; thus, it is challenging to coordinate social information and rating behaviors for a same learning task. Therefore, transfer learning is a good strategy for IPC modeling. Second, the communities are not explicitly labeled, and existing supervised learning approaches do not fit the requirement of IPC modeling. As co-clustering is an effective unsupervised learning approach for discovering block structures in high-dimensional data, it is a cornerstone for discovering the structure of IPCs.

In this article, we propose a recommendation model with Implicit Preference Communities from user ratings and social connections. To tackle the unsupervised learning limitation, we design a Bayesian probabilistic graphical model to capture the IPC structure for recommendation. Meanwhile, following the spirit of transfer learning, both rating behaviors and social connections are introduced into the model by parameter sharing. Moreover, Gibbs sampling-based algorithms are proposed for parameter inferences of the models. Furthermore, to meet the need for online scenarios when the data arrive sequentially as a stream, a novel online sampling-based parameter inference algorithm for recommendation is proposed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to propose and formally define the concept of IPC.
Emerging woman leader in technical computing award winner announced
Authors: Estrada Trilce
Published: November 2019

In recognition of her innovative and transformative deployment of machine learning for knowledge discovery in molecular dynamic simulations and in situ analytics, SIGHPC is pleased to announce Dr. Trilce Estrada (University of New Mexico) as the winner of the 2019 Emerging Woman Leader in Technical Computing (EWLTC) Award.
Papers we should be reading
Authors: Hübl Axel
Published: November 2019

This issue's recommended paper comes from Axel Hübl (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory). Among other distinctions, Axel received the ACM/IEEE-CS George Michael Memorial High Performance Computing Fellowship in 2016.
C++ hard-real-time active library
Authors: Prastowo Tadeus , Palopoli Luigi , Abeni Luca
Published: November 2019

General-purpose programming languages C and C++ address only the functional aspect of programs. In contrast, real-time programming languages address not only the functional aspect but also the nonfunctional real-time aspect to automatically ensure the consistency of both aspects in the resulting code. Despite many real-time programming languages proposed in the literature, embedded and real-time programs for economical reasons have continued to be written in C/C++ with their real-time aspect being dealt separately using modeling tools (e.g., MATLAB/Simulink) and the consistency of both aspects being checked manually. As embedded and real-time systems permeate through people's lives, it becomes increasingly imperative that both aspects be kept consistent automatically to improve the reliability of the systems. To that end, we propose a real-time programming language called Tice with three novel features: (1) Tice programs are written as modern standard C++ programs. (2) Tice programs can be compiled using any modern off-the-shelf standard C++ compiler. (3) Tice programs compose with other C/C++ programs as C++ libraries. These novel features make Tice significantly more economical than other real-time programming languages proposed in the literature.
Leucine decreases intramyocellular lipid deposition in an mTORC1-independent manner in palmitate-treated C2C12 myotubes
Authors: Wu Hexirui , Dridi Sami , Huang Yan , Baum Jamie I.
Published: November 2019

Higher intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) deposition in skeletal muscle is commonly observed in patients with obesity, resulting in mitochondrial damage. Palmitic acid, a saturated fatty acid, has been reported to induce obesogenic conditions in C2C12 myotubes. Leucine has been shown to improve obesity-related metabolic signatures; however, evidence for the effect of leucine on IMCL and the underlying mechanisms are still lacking. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of leucine on IMCL deposition and identify the potential mechanisms. Palmitate-treated C2C12 myotubes were used as an in vitro model of obesity. Two doses of leucine were used: 0.5 mM (postprandial physiological plasma concentration) and 1.5 mM (supraphysiological plasma concentration). Rapamycin was used to determine the role of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in leucine’s regulation of lipid deposition in C2C12 myotubes. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test was used to calculate differences between treatment groups. Our results demonstrate that leucine reduces IMCL deposition in an mTORC1-independent fashion. Furthermore, leucine acts independently of mTORC1 to upregulate gene expression related to fatty acid metabolism and works through both mTORC1-dependent and mTORC1-independent pathways to regulate mitochondrial biogenesis in palmitate-treated C2C12 myotubes. In agreement with increased mitochondrial biogenesis, increased mitochondrial content, circularity, and decreased autophagy are observed in the presence of 1.5 mM leucine. Taken together, the results indicate leucine reduces IMCL potentially through an mTORC1-independent pathway in palmitate-treated C2C12 myotubes.
Caloric restriction alters the hormonal profile and testicular metabolome, resulting in alterations of sperm head morphology
Authors: Martins Ana D. , Jarak Ivana , Morais Tiago , Carvalho Rui A. , Oliveira Pedro F. , Monteiro Mariana P. , Alves Marco G.
Published: November 2019

Energy homeostasis is crucial for all physiological processes. Thus, when there is low energy intake, negative health effects may arise, including in reproductive function. We propose to study whether caloric restriction (CR) changes testicular metabolic profile and ultimately sperm quality. Male Wistar rats ( n = 12) were randomized into a CR group fed with 30% fewer calories than weight-matched, ad libitum-fed animals (control group). Circulating hormonal profile, testicular glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), ghrelin and leptin receptors expression, and sperm parameters were analyzed. Testicular metabolite abundance and glycolysis-related enzymes were studied by NMR and Western blot, respectively. Oxidative stress markers were analyzed in testicular tissue and spermatozoa. Expressions of mitochondrial complexes and mitochondrial biogenesis in testes were determined. CR induced changes in body weight along with altered GLP-1, ghrelin, and leptin circulating levels. In testes, CR led to changes in receptor expression that followed those of the hormone levels; modified testicular metabolome, particularly amino acid content; and decreased oxidative stress-induced damage in testis and spermatozoa, although sperm head defects increased. In sum, CR induced changes in body weight, altering circulating hormonal profile and testicular metabolome and increasing sperm head defects. Ultimately, our data highlight that conditions of CR may compromise male fertility.
Trimethoxystilbene Reduces Nuclear Factor Kappa B, Interleukin-6, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-αLevels in Rats with Pulmonary Artery Hypertension
Authors: Shu Jie , Liu Wei , Han Fei , Luo Fanyan
Published: November 2019

Pulmonary artery hypertension is a refractory disease that severely affects cardiopulmonary function, mainly resulting in irreversible pulmonary vascular remodeling. Current surgical treatment of this disease is not very effective and drug treatment is targeted at relieving symptoms, improving the quality of life of patients, and preventing disease progression. The purpose of this present study was to reveal the regulatory effects of trimethoxystilbene on the serum levels of nuclear factor kappa B, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-αin a rat model of pulmonary artery hypertension and to explore the possible underlying mechanisms. Healthy Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to experimental groups and treated with monocrotaline to establish the model, and we found a significant difference in the expression levels of nuclear factor kappa B, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-αbetween the experimental and control groups. These results suggest that trimethoxystilbene significantly reduced the inflammatory factor levels in pulmonary hypertensive rats, providing us with new potential strategies for elucidating the mechanisms of action of trimethoxystilbene in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension.
Resistance Modulation Action, Time-Kill Kinetics Assay, and Inhibition of Biofilm Formation Effects of Plumbagin from Plumbago zeylanica Linn
Authors: Adusei Emmanuel B. A. , Adosraku Reimmel K. , Oppong-Kyekyeku James , Amengor Cedric D. K. , Jibira Yakubu
Published: November 2019

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a threat to the prevention and treatment of the increasing range of infectious diseases. There is therefore the need for renewed efforts into antimicrobial discovery and development to combat the menace. The antimicrobial activity of plumbagin isolated from roots of Plumbago zeylanica against selected organisms was evaluated for resistance modulation antimicrobial assay, time-kill kinetics assay, and inhibition of biofilm formation. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of plumbagin and standard drugs were determined via the broth microdilution method to be 0.5 to 8 μg/mL and 0.25–128 μg/mL, respectively. In the resistance modulation study, MICs of the standard drugs were redetermined in the presence of subinhibitory concentration of plumbagin (4 μg/mL), and plumbagin was found to either potentiate or reduce the activities of these standard drugs with the highest potentiation recorded up to 12-folds for ketoconazole against Candida albicans. Plumbagin was found to be bacteriostatic and fungistatic from the time-kill kinetics study. Plumbagin demonstrated strong inhibition of biofilm formation activity at concentrations of 128, 64, and 32 μg/mL against the test microorganisms compared with ciprofloxacin. Plumbagin has been proved through this study to be a suitable lead compound in antimicrobial resistance drug development.
The First Case of E-Cigarette-Induced Polycythemia
Authors: Okuni-Watanabe Marika , Kurata Keiji , Yakushijin Kimikazu
Published: November 2019

A 71-year-old male smoker was referred to our hospital because of increased hemoglobin and hematocrit. At initial consultation, his hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were 21.8 g/dl and 64.8%, respectively. Other laboratory data and his cardiopulmonary functions were almost normal, and JAK2 V617F mutation was negative. He had smoked about 25 cigarettes per day for 50 years until the age of 70, when he switched from conventional smoking to electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). We requested that he quit e-cigarette use. Thereafter, his hemoglobin and hematocrit gradually decreased and normalized. Here, we report the first case of e-cigarette-induced polycythemia.
Inversion for Geofluid Discrimination Based on Poroelasticity and AVO Inversion
Authors: Wang Lingqian , Zhou Hui , Yu Bo , Zhou Yanxin , Liu Wenling , Tian Yukun
Published: November 2019

Geofluid discrimination plays an important role in reservoir characterization and prospect identification. Compared with other fluid indicators, the effective pore-fluid bulk modulus is more sensitive to the property of fluid contained in reservoirs. We combine the empirical relations with deterministic models to form a new kind of linearized relationship between the mixed fluid/rock term and the fluid modulus. On the one hand, the linearized relationship can decouple the fluid bulk modulus from the mixed fluid/rock term; on the other hand, the decoupled terms are more stable especially in low-porosity situations compared with previous approaches. In terms of the new linearized equation of the fluid modulus, we derive a novel linearized amplitude variation with offset (AVO) approximation to avoid the complicated nonlinear relationship between the fluid modulus and the reflectivity series. Convoluting this linearized AVO approximation with seismic wavelets, the forward modeling is constructed to combine the prestack seismic records with the fluid modulus. Meanwhile, we introduce the Bayesian inference with multivariable Cauchy prior to the fluid modulus inversion for a stable and high-resolution solution. Model examples demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed linearized AVO approximation compared with the exact Zoeppritz equation and Aki-Richards approximate equation. The synthetic and field data tests illustrate the accuracy and feasibility of the proposed fluid modulus inversion approach for geofluid discrimination.
Mechanistic Understanding of the Engineered Nanomaterial-Induced Toxicity on Kidney
Authors: Zhao Haiyang , Li Luxin , Zhan Huilu , Chu Yanhui , Sun Bingbing
Published: November 2019

With the rapid development of nanotechnology, engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have been applied in many fields, such as food industry, biomedicine, and so on. However, the study on the health and safety implications of ENMs is still insufficient. Previous studies have shown that nanoparticles under acute or chronic exposure could be transported and accumulated in various organs and tissues, resulting in adverse effects or systemic toxicity. Among these, the kidney is one of the main organs that exposed ENMs will target through different routes. One of the important functions of the kidney is to discharge metabolic wastes and exogenous substances from the blood circulation of the whole body. During ENM exposure, the kidney may become vulnerable to toxicity. Studies have suggested that nanoparticles exposed to the kidney could provoke glomerular swelling, basilar membrane thickening, degeneration, and necrosis of renal tubular cells. These adverse effects of nanoparticles on the kidney may be related to their induced oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, DNA damage, and ER stress. This review aims to examine current studies on ENM-induced nephrotoxicity, with the focus on elucidating the potential molecular mechanisms of nanoparticle-induced toxicity on the kidney, which will further facilitate the safer design of ENMs and their applications.