bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ovarian Cysts Formation in Patients with Breast Cancer on Tamoxifen Therapy in Iraqi Female
Authors: Saeed Israa J.R , Hasan Ali M , Abdulrahman Sumaya A
Published: December 2022

Background: Tamoxifen shows complex hormonal actions, breast cancer that occurs in the premenopausal period treated with tamoxifen created huge quantities of estrogen. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of ovarian cysts formation in tamoxifen treatments by ultra-sonographic examinations. Method: A prospective study was carried out in the Oncology and Nuclear medicine specialist Hospital, Mosul/Iraq. There were 14 premenopausal and 36 postmenopausal patients. The inclusion criteria were patients with breast cancer who had been on tamoxifen therapy. Fifty patients were included during a period of 10 months. The following parameters were assessed by ultrasound, endometrial thickness and ovaries conditions, with clinical parameters, age of patients, weight, and associated symptoms. Results: A total of 50 patients getting tamoxifen management, 14 (28%) of them are premenopausal range their age was between 25 to 44 years, and 36 (72%) postmenopausal range their age was between 45 to 78 years. There’s a correlation between the age group of patients and ovarian changes and cystic formation the ovarian cysts were diagnosed. There’s a relation between increased endometrial thickness and incidence of ovarian cyst in patients receiving tamoxifen therapy and mild relation between increased endometrial thickness and RT ovarian cystic formation in which the p-value of RT ovary = .049. In contrast, the LT ovary shows a relation with p-value = .025, which was significant. Conclusion: Ovarian cysts are common genital tract complications of tamoxifen therapy, which had been developed in this study in about 20% of cases. Ovarian cysts can grow together with premenopausal and postmenopausal patients getting tamoxifen for treated breast cancer.
Progression-free Survival of Advanced Pancreatic Cancer in Iraqi Patients Treated with First-line Chemotherapy
Authors: Hasan Mohammed , Judy Mazin , AL-Zobaidy Mohammed A.H
Published: December 2022

Background: Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive cancer. According to the latest data published by the World Health Organization, the number of new cases in 2020 in Iraq was 674 and represented 2% of all new cancer cases. Most of the pancreatic adenocarcinomas have spread outside the pancreas at the time of diagnosis. Progression free survival is the time between the date of diagnosis to disease progression or death. The current study aims to compare progression free survival between three chemotherapy regimens; Gemcitabine, Gemcitabine/Nab-paclitaxel and FOLFIRINOX of advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer in Iraqi patients.
Methods: Patients were divided into three groups; patients who will receive Gemcitabine, those who will receive Gemcitabine/Nab-paclitaxel, and patients who will receive FOLFIRINOX. The patients were observed for disease progression by computed tomography which was performed every three months for the tumor response and progression.
Results: In the Gemcitabine, Gemcitabine/Nab-paclitaxel, and FOLFIRINOX groups, the median Progression Free Survivals were (4, 5, and 5.7 months, respectively; p is less than 0.05), where FOLFIRINOX was superior to Gemcitabine monotherapy and Gemcitabine/Nab-paclitaxel. In addition, neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, hypokalaemia and neuropathy were highly in the FOLFIRINOX-treated patients than in both Gemcitabine and Gemcitabine/Nab-paclitaxel groups of patients. However, anaemia and thrombocytopenia were higher with Gemcitabine and Gemcitabine/Nab-paclitaxel than were with FOLFIRINOX.
Conclusion: The median Progression free survival is better for the Gemcitabine/Nab-paclitaxel and FOLFIRNOX than for Gemcitabine alone. Also, adverse effects are more common with FOLFIRINOX than with other first-line chemotherapeutic agents.
Vitamin D and its Relationship with Female Outfit Dressing Style
Authors: Sabbagha Manar G , Omer Zayd K , Al-Omari Alyaa F
Published: December 2022

Background: Vitamins, minerals, and other important nutrients we get from food can keep our bodies healthy, and to get strong bones, we need calcium and vitamin D. Vit D3 titled the “sunshine vitamin,” is one of the important nutrients needed for a female’s health. Vit D had a constant function in adaptive and inherent immunity. Exposure to sunlight has a major role in providing adequate Vit D for most people in the world. Aim of the study: Our study aims to evaluate Vit D and calcium levels in healthy young females of child-bearing age and to inspect the effects of their outfit dressing. Methods: A total of 108 women were included, those wearing full cover outfit style clothing covering all body leaving the face area and hand exposed group I (74 women), and uncovered women with exposed head, arms, and legs group II (34 women). A quantitative test was used to determine 25-hydroxy Vit D in human serum using minividase and for total calcium measurement atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results: All women in both groups had a blood test for calcium (Ca) and Vit D3 level levels, and a calculation of body mass index (BMI) was done. Using t-test for the comparison between (group I and group II).A significant difference (p is less than 0.005) was found in serum Vit D3, which was lower in group I with a mean (12.09 ± 7.59), and for group II, it was (16.56 ± 7.61). Serum calcium was slightly elevated in group II than in group I, but there was no significant between the two groups. The mean serum calcium level was (9.41) in group I and (9.56) (p is less than 0.3) in group II. Although body mass index was higher in group I mean (28.73 ± 0.61) than group II mean (27.25 ± 4.88), it was statistically not significant (p is less than 0.2). Conclusion: The finding of this study revealed that many factors could affect Vit D levels, like clothing styles and lifestyle. Inadequate Vit D intake and covered dress style can lead to low Vit D levels. A recommendation that has been suggested when there is no Vit D intake is to expose the face area, arms, and hands for a short duration in the middle of the day many times a week to have normal Vit D levels.
Investigation of Biofilm Formation Efficiency in ESβLs of Pathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates
Authors: Raoof May A.J , Fayidh Mohammed A
Published: December 2022

Up to 70 clinical Escherichia coli samples were examined, with 30 identified as extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESβL) isolates. These isolates were gathered from inpatients and outpatients at some Baghdad hospitals. Urine, pus, feces, and blood samples were obtained from government hospital patients of both genders and diverse age groups. Production of ESβL and the quick antibacterial diagnosis was checked using the VITEK2 for susceptibility experimentation and identification of the bacterial sample. The results showed that 30 isolates only in the current study were ESβL producers. Furthermore, all showed biofilm formation after 24 hours of incubation some of these isolates were the ability of biofilm formation decreased after 48 hours compared with negative control. The formation of biofilm has founded a vary from strong to weak. The variation in the bacterial study may depend on their antibiotic resistance and the sample’s source. Therefore, this study considers the need to focus in subsequent studies on the effect of biofilm formation and resistance of isolates, which produce beta-lactamase enzymes for many antibiotics, thus avoiding the occurrence of double health crises for infected patients.
Molecular Identification of Cystoisospora Belli in Patients Infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Qasim Maytham T , Fenjan Mohammed N , Thijail Hayfaa A
Published: December 2022

Infection with Cystoisospora belli causes severe diarrhea, bile duct involvement, and Extra-intestinal spread in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This study included eight adult patients with AIDS and chronic diarrhea diagnosed stool cystosisporiasis (oocysts) and / or duodenal biopsies (asexual and sexual stages in epithelium). Identification was carried out at the molecular level using a nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique that amplifies a fragment of the ribosomal ribonucleic acid (RNA) small subunit gene, using DNA extracted from feces and biopsies. This work allowed us to make the diagnosis of cystosisporiasis through analysis coproparasitological, optimize the DNA extraction protocol from samples fecal and implement the nested -PCR technique for the diagnosis of C. belli in biological samples from infected patients.
Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking and Antifungal Evaluation of Mixed Heterocyclic Moieties Containing Pyridine, 1,3,4-Oxadiazole and 1,2,3-Triazol Rings
Authors: Jwaid Mazen M
Published: December 2022

In the current study, derivatives containing pyridine, 1,3,4-oxadiazole and 1,2,3-triazole heterocycles in their structures have been synthesized, 1,2,3-triazole moiety was synthesized using click chemistry, a powerful modular synthesis approach, and evaluated for in-vitro antifungal activity. When compared to the regular medicine Fluconazole, one derivative (5a) showed superior fungicidal action. Prior to synthesis, an in silico computational analysis was conducted to determine the binding interactions of these synthesized compounds in the active sites of the fungal enzyme sterol 14-demethylase (CYP51) through molecular docking via Genetic Optimization for Ligand Docking (GOLD) suite v.5.6.2. Most of the tested compounds in molecular docking showed significant activities compared with fluconazole as reference compound due to their hydrogen bonding interaction with key amino acids in Sterol 14-demethylase enzyme Tyr116 and iron metal, and these results are compatible with their in vitro anti-fungal study.
Synthesis and Identification of some New N-Topylated Ligand Complexes with some Metalic Ions Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II)
Authors: Al-Abbasee Muath J.T , Shihab Afraa S , Jebur Ahmood K
Published: December 2022

In this contribution, modern metal ion complexes of the ions Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) were gained through two steps. The first one involved a direct combination of tropylium tetrafluoroborate with some cyclic amino derivatives to produce N-tropylated ligands (M1-M5). The second one involved the reaction of these synthesized N-tropylated ligands (M1-M5) with the metal mentioned above ions in a molar ratio of 1:1 (except M4) was 1:2. The gained complexes were identified by physical measurements such as melting points and color and by chemical properties such as carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur (CHNS) analysis, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 13C-NMR spectroscopy, and magnetic susceptibility.
Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study of Aflatoxin B1 in Freshly Slaughtered Iraqi Sheep Meat, using CD Marker of TNF-α
Authors: Jaloud Rawaa E , Hassan Fadia F , Al-Aamery Rana A , Hashim Rasha T
Published: December 2022

The current study was conducted in Baghdad governorate (Karkh and Al-Rasafa regions) which included collecting 50 samples of freshly slaughtered sheep meat randomly collected from local slaughter areas and approved governmental slaughterhouses (25 liver and 25 ulna muscles). The results of the aflatoxin B1 detection showed that all samples were contaminated with this toxin at different concentrations ranging from 25–422 ppb and 65–492 ppb for each ulna muscles and liver, respectively. The histopathological and immunological study was conducted in meat samples containing higher and lower concentrations of the toxin. The results of the pathological study in the liver revealed that the concentration (492 ppb) caused thickening of the nuclei, water degeneration and necrosis, but the concentration (467 ppb) caused several damages represented by thickening of the nuclei and an increase in the number of kepffer cells. In contrast, no obvious damages was observed at the concentration (65 ppb).
In the muscles, the results showed that the concentrations (422 and 384 ppb) caused tissue damage represented by the homogeneous acid aggregation, while no damage was found at the concentration 25 ppb. The findings of the immunohistochemical study showed the same concentrations for both liver and muscle samples using CD marker of TNF-α; in the liver, at the concentration (492 ppb), there was strong immune expression (+++), while the immune expression was (++) at the concentration (467 ppb), and no expression (-) was detected at the concentration (65 ppb). In addition, the results in the muscles samples showed that samples that contain (422 ppb), the immune expression was (+++), while the expression at the concentration (384 ppb) was (++), whereas no expression was seen at the concentration (25 ppb).
The Effect of Extracts and Phenolic Compounds Isolation from Rosmarinus officinalis Plant Leaves on Tribolium castaneum Mortality
Authors: Hisham Shaymaa M , Mohammad Adnan M , Mohammed Muthanna J
Published: December 2022

The current laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different concentrations (2.5, 5, 10, and 20%) of the ethanolic extract, ethyl acetate, and hexane at a concentration (1, 2, and 4%) of the leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis against adults of the insect Trabolium castaneum for three periods (24, 48, and 72 hours). Results showed that the ethanolic extract, ethyl phenolic components (catechol, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, calic acid, vanillic acid, coumarin, and cinnamic acid) of rosemary leaves were detected using HPLC technology over a 24 hours treatment period, and their effect on the adult stage of the insect was investigated. The results showed that catechol, calic acid, vanillic acid, and cinnamic acid had a killing rate of 93.33% at a concentration of 20%. In contrast, 4-hydroxy benzoic acid and coumarin had a killing rate of 90% at a concentration of 20%.
Study of the Immunomodulatory Properties of Pistacia khinjuk Extract on Rats
Authors: Salih Roqaya A , Kadri Zahraa H.M , Al-Abassi Hazima M
Published: December 2022

Medicinal herbs are widely used as immunostimulants and immunomodulators in treating various ailments around the world. Many herbs used regularly have not been thoroughly studied for their immune-modifying properties. The immunostimulatory effect of the methanol extract of Pistacia Shinjuku was tested in male rats. The experiment consisted of seven groups of animals, each with eight healthy adult mice. Control group (G1): normal saline (0.5 mL) was taken for 14 days. Group 2 (G2) received intraperitoneal cyclosporine (CSA) (5 mg/kg/BW) for 14 days Group 3 (G3): interferon alfa-2a subcutaneous injection 34.5 mg/kg/BW) in two doses week for 14 days. Group 4 (G4) (methanol extract of P. khinjuk, 3 g/kg/body weight) for 14 days, Group 5 (G5): methanol extract of P. khinjuk, 1.5 g/kg/body weight) for 14 days. Group 6 (G6): methanol extract of P. khinjuk 3 g/kg/body weight) for 14 days after cyclosporine injection. Group 7 (G7): methanol extract of P. khinjuk 1.5 g/kg/body weight) for 14 days after cyclosporine injection. On day 15, whole blood was collected in clean ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-vacutainer. Total white blood cells (WBCs) count, differential count, In addition to measuring the level of (IgM, IgG) in the blood serum. According to the results, the group treated with CsA showed an immunosuppressive effect with a significant decrease (P > 0.05) in the total number of WBC, differential count, antibody concentration, and cytokine level (TNF-α, CCL5 NF-κB), but increased the level of TGF-β as compared with other groups. At the same time, there were immunostimulatory effects in groups treated with extract Group 4, 5, 6, and 7, with a significant increase (p > 0.05) in the total number of WBC, Differential count and antibody concentration, and Cytokine level (TNF-α, CCL5, NF-κB). The decreased level of TGF-β, as compared to the CsA-treated Group. In conclusion, P. khinjuk possesses immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties against the adverse effects of cyclosporine in rats.
Removal of Rose Bengal Dye from Aqueous Solution using Low Cost (SA-g-PAAc) Hydrogel: Equilibrium and Kinetic Study
Authors: Radia Nadher D. , Mahdi Ahmed B. , Mohammed Ghufran A. , Sajid Abeer . , Altimari Usama S. , Shams Marwah A. , Aljeboree Aseel M. , Abdulrazzak Firas H.
Published: December 2022

Hydrogels are considered one of the most important polymers, with very low economic costs for treating dyes from an aqueous solution. In this study, sodium alginate (SA), a kind of polysaccharide, and acrylic acid is an organic compound, N-Methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA) as a cross-linked agent, were used to prepare the hydrogel by free radical method. Studies have shown that sodium lignite-based nano-hydrogel is environmentally friendly, more cost-effective and highly efficient in remove dye in aqueous solution. The hydrogel adsorption characteristic was analyzed via scanning electron microscope (SEM). The data appear that the surface contains many pores and has a sponge-like structure. also the results showed that the hydrogel is the XRD of (SA-g-PAAc) a wide band at 2θ = 20.52 digree within the calculated d = 4.21A°. Study isotherm adsorption the highest (R²=0.9903) related to the isotherm Freundlich and Kinetic model the adsorption process of Rose Bengal dye on the SA-g-PAAc hydrogel follows a second model.
Effect of Mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq.) Extract on the Islet Cells’ Number and Blood Glucose Levels of Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rat
Authors: Fiorenza Maudika P. , Maslachah Lilik . , Meles Dewa K. , Widiyatno Thomas V. , Yuliani Gandul A. , Ntoruru Juliano M. , Luqman Epy M.
Published: December 2022

Effect of Mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq.) Extract on the Islet Cells’ Number and Blood Glucose Levels of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rat. This study was to know the effect of ethanol extract of mahogany (S. mahagoni Jacq.) seeds on the number of islet cells in the pancreatic Langerhans and blood glucose levels of alloxan-induced diabetic white rat (Rattus norvegicus). Twenty-five male rats were divided into five groups consists of: (C-) 1-mL/day aquadest without alloxan induction, (C+) 120 mg/kgBW alloxan and 1-mL/day aquadest, (T1, T2, T3) 120 mg/kgBW alloxan and 250, 500, 1000 mg/kgBW of ethanol extract of mahogany seeds respectively. Alloxan were injected intraperitoneal with single dose and ethanol extract of mahogany seeds administered via intragastric gavage for 14 days. At the end of the treatment period, the number of islet cells in the pancreatic Langerhans was counted and blood glucose levels were measured. This research showed that the ethanol extract of mahogany seeds have antidiabetic effect that can repair damaged islet cells in the pancreatic Langerhans at effective dose of 500 mg/kgBW with a mean number of 151.83 ± 11.07 that significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than treatment group 1 (T1), treatment group 3 (T3) and positive control group (C+) and also decreased the blood glucose levels from > 200 mg/dL to normal range (50–135 mg/dL). This is due to the antioxidant property of mahogany seeds extract which is beneficial in repairing pancreas damage due to oxidative stress.
Effect of Convolvulus arvensis Ethanolic Extract on Testosterone-induced Alopecia in Mice
Authors: Naji Mena E. , Gatea Fouad K. , Ali Kholod A. , Raghif Ahmed R. A.
Published: December 2022

Background and Objective: Androgenetic alopecia is an age-related disease. It’s the most prevalent type of non-scarring progressive hair loss, affecting men and women. Here, Convolvulus arvensis ethanolic extract is investigated for its growth-promoting effects in albino mice with testosterone-induced hair loss. Material and Method: 50 adult male albino mice (2-3 month) divided into 5 group 10 mice in each group (I) intact negative control (II) Testosterone gel 1% only (induction group) (III) Testosterone gel 1% + finasteride solution 2% (standard group) (IV) testosterone gel 1% + Convolvulus arvensis cream 3% (extract group) (V) testosterone gel 1% + glycerine cream 15% (vehicle group) testosterone gel 1% was applied topically to the back of the mice to all group except negative control group (I) for 21 days to induce hair loss hair growth promoting effect evaluated by visual observation, histopathological study of follicular density and anagen/telogen ratio and testosterone, dihydrotestosterone serum level. Result: animals in extract group showed less hair loss as compared to those treated with induction and vehicle groups that possess A patch of hair loss, Convolvulus arvensis ethanolic extract increase follicular density and anagen/telogen ratio significantly compared to induction group, these result suggest that extract promotes hair growth and prevent hair loss by inducing the anagen phase in resting hair follicles and might therefore be a potential hair growth-promoting agent.
Physiological and Immunological Assessment in Infertile Women Undergoing In-vitro Fertilization
Authors: Hanoon Hind A. , AL-Lami Makarim Q. D. , Hasan Nada F.
Published: December 2022

All the available reports on the issue of infertility confirmed the increase in this population problem worldwide. Although the accurate estimate of the number of infertile people is due to several reasons, including the discrepancy in the true definition of infertility (whether it extends for one, two or five years of failed pregnancy attempts), as well as the great discrepancy in the size of the selected population groups (large population sample size versus epidemiological studies) and defining the category that diagnosed included (individuals, women, or couples). The goal of today’s IVF program is to obtain high-quality embryos with high efficiency in development, which leads to an increase in live birth rates.
Preparation and Evaluation of a Sustained Release Niosomal Dispersion Containing Niflumic Acid
Authors: Jawad Ali Q. , Maraie Nidhal K.
Published: December 2022

Objective: This work aims to create and characterize niosomal dispersions for long-term delivery of the anti-inflammatory drug niflumic acid that may be adapted to give a localized effect, prevent gastrointestinal side effects and hepatic metabolism, leading to improve efficacy and patient compliance. Method: The thin film hydration technique was used to make niflumic acid-loaded niosomes. The effects of different concentrations of a non-ionic surfactant, cholesterol, dicetyl phosphate (DCP), sonication time and the effects of drug concentration on encapsulation efficiency were investigated in order to improve the process. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to analyze the formulations. The niosomal dispersion formulations were evaluated for entrapment efficiency, in-vitro drug release, particle size, polydispersity index (pdI), zeta potential, pH and stability study. Results: The optimum niosomal preparation (F15) exhibited pH (7.2), size of the particles (1.04 μm), pdI (0.374), surface charge (-47.4) and efficiency of trapping (91.55%). It gave a rapid release in 15 minutes and increased sustainably over time until reach 96.9% within 24 hours. Conclusion: This research was successful in producing an optimal niosomal dispersion for niflumic acid using different surfactant/cholesterol ratios. The optimum formula provides a sustained release with the initial fast effect of niflumic acid and can be used with a topical dosage form to provide immediate relief that lasts for up to 24 h.
Enhanced Delivery of Sesame Oil through Nanoformulation: Edible Protein Excipients and Nanotechnology as Protagonists
Authors: Dhar Pubali  . , Pal S. . , Chatterjee N . , Das T. . , S Dey . , Chakraborty A .
Published: December 2022

For decades, researchers have gained a lot of interest for lignans-rich sesame oil due to its potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. But its potential could not be fully achieved through traditional means of delivery due to the poor aqueous solubility of lipophilic bioactives. To eliminate the unsatisfactory outcome of conventional delivery strategies and to corroborate the perception of manufacturing the bio-compatible vehicle for therapeutic delivery, present-day researches are vigorously attempting to develop nanocarrier systems with food-grade excipients.
Study of Anti-inflammatory Activity of New Derivative of Indomethacin: A Computational Study
Authors: Jaber Ferdous A. , Behget Shaimaa A. , Shntaif Ahmed H.
Published: December 2022

This article presents the synthesis of new derivative from thiodaizole, based on the reaction of Thiosemicarbazide with Indomethacin in the presence of Phosphorus (V) oxychloride as catalyst. COX enzyme is divided to two isoforms COX-1 and COX-2 with similar structure and high sequence identity. The novel Inhibitor used a thiodaizole ring in combination with Indomethacin to reduce the risk of analogs interfering with COX-1’s small hydrophobic tunnel. Furthermore, the absence of a carboxylic group in the new Inhibitor reduces the Inhibitor’s ability to form a salt bridge with Arg120 (Figure 2), preventing the inhibition of the COX-1 enzyme. The aim of this study is to investigate the Anti-inflammatory activity of Indomethacin against the human second isoform of prostaglandin synthase (cyclooxygenase, COX-2). COX-2 enzyme 3D structures (PDB ID: 1CVU) were extracted from the protein databank. The PDB format of Indomethacin and its derivative were prepared by use Discovery Studio 2016 Client. Molecular docking study appeared that the new derivative exhibited better binding energy (-10.9 kcal/mol) compared with Indomethacin that have binding energy (-10.09 kcal/mol) and it’s have high selectivity towered COX-2 enzyme in the other hand In the present study, the predicted Pharmacokinetic (PK) values of Inhibitor (1) and Indomethacin (NSAID) deduce that Inhibitor (1) satisfies all PK parameters and has qualified as best lead candidate as an Anti-inflammatory agent compared to Indomethacin
Genetic Diversity of Pathogenic Fungi Aspergillus flavus Isolates Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA-Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique
Authors: Al-Obaedi Ashwak I. , Ahmed Noor M. , AL-Samarraie Marwan Q. , AL- Azzawie Adnan F.
Published: December 2022

Aspergillus flavus is the second most public fungi that causing disease in human and causes diseases in several important agricultural crops. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic variety among diverse isolates of Aspergillus flavus by the technique of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Five isolates were obtained from Samarra hospital and outpatient clinic and were diagnosed morphologically and microscopically. Results of RAPD profile revealed a high genetic distance (0.244) between isolates number (1 and 5), while the isolates number (2 and 5) were joined with lower genetic distance (0.090). Unique and absent bands were displayed by certain isolates and can be taken as a positive marker for isolate identification. The dendrogram of banding patterns revealed a great relationship between isolates number (2 and 5) from one side and isolates number (1 and 3) from the other side, while the isolate number 4 was separated into particular subgroup which closer to the isolate number 1 and 3.
Neuroprotective Potential of Indian Propolis and in Combination with Curcumin against Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion Induced Vascular Dementia in Rats
Authors: . Meenu . , Virmani Tarun . , Singh Lubhan .
Published: December 2022

Vascular dementia (VaD) is associated with chronic brain ischemia and gradual memory loss which is increasing gradually but limited treatments are available as therapeutic moieties to combat the VaD. Hence in this study Indian propolis alone or in combination with curcumin was explored as a treatment modality to alleviate the VaD. VaD model was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). Indian propolis (200 mg/kg), curcumin (200 mg/kg) individually, and the combination of Indian propolis (100 mg/kg) with curcumin (100 mg/kg) were administered in BCCAO model followed by an estimation of behavioral (neurological score, hanging and open field test) and biochemical parameters (reduced glutathione, catalase, malondialdehyde, and acetylcholine esterase). In this study it was found that there were no changes in the locomotor activity while the neurological score was reduced and the hanging time was increased in the drug treated group which clearly depicts the neuroprotective potential of curcumin, Indian propolis individually and the combination of Indian propolis with curcumin. The combination of Indian propolis with curcumin was much better in terms of neuroprotective activity than Indian propolis and curcumin treated group as depicted by the results of behavioural and biochemical parameters. Moreover, haematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining was performed, and was found that a combination of Indian propolis(100 mg/kg) with curcumin (100 mg/kg) attenuated better histological alterations of the hippocampus in BCCAO model group than in other treated groups. Hence these findings provided that Indian propolis in combination with curcumin has great potential as a neuroprotective agent on the cognitive deficits of VaD rats.
Discovering of JINZA1 and JINZA2 Genes of SARS COV2 by using ABI3730XL, Sequencer in Iraqi Patients
Authors: Baksh Jnan J. , Mohammed Nazar Sh. , Hassan Ahmed S.
Published: December 2022

A total of (200) whole blood, nasal and throat swab samples were collected from patients infected with the Coronavirus who were recumbent in Al-Nouman and Al-yarmook hospitals from 1st January to 1st November 2021. Demographic results showed that the highest infection rate was among the age group (20–40) years followed by (41–60) years, with no significant difference (p > 0.05). While the distribution of infection according to gender revealed that the females were higher 58 (58%) than males 42 (42%). The distribution of the severity of infection among patients showed that the mild infection was among the age group (20–40) years 38(66.7%), the moderate infection was among the age group (41–60) years 20(55%), but the severe infection was among the age group (61–80) years 16(44.4%). While the females were shown to be more infected among patients with mild and moderate infections with Coronavirus. The mild symptomatic infections 38(76%) were highest among other cases. Two mutated strains, JINZA1 and JINZA2, belonging to Iraqi patients who died after contracting Coronavirus, were identified and registered in NCBI at the Gene Bank USA
Development and Optimization of Orodispersible Tablets of Fexofenadine Hydrochloride (FFH) by Box-Behnken Statistical Design (BBD)
Authors: Kamala Kumari P. V. , Vastav M. Sai Sri , Rao Y. Srinivasa
Published: December 2022

The aim of the present study was to formulate orodispersible tablets of fexofenadine Hydrochloride by studying the effect of the variable for response with the help of Box-Behnken design. A total of 17 formulations were prepared by altering the proportion of crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate and mannitol by direct compression technique. BBD was employed to study the relations among the variables and to statistically optimize the formulation parameter for ODT tablets of fexofenadine Hydrochloride. Response surface and contour plots were plotted based on BBD and relationship between the variables and responses were established. Further evaluation of responses with respect to variables was made with 3D surface plot that allows evaluating a blend selected variables at a time and assessing the effect of variation and interaction on responses. In conclusion, an optimized model was obtained based on predicted and observed response for the three dependent variables.
Separation and Purification of a Powerful Antiviral Agent Glycyrrhizin from Iraqi Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn by HPTLC with MS-APCI Method
Authors: Khalik Zaid M. A. , Ahmed Omar H. , Kadhim Enas J.
Published: December 2022

Glycyrrhizin, a bioactive component of the licorice plant, has recently been revealed to be particularly efficient in suppressing SARS-associated viral replication and reducing the development and cytopathology of herpes simplex virus type I in human aneuploid HEp2 cells. According to the researchers, glycyrrhizin suppressed antigen expression and lowered hepatitis
Carmustine: Promising Drug for Treatment of Glioma
Authors: Mali Audumbar D. , Bhanwase Anil S.
Published: December 2022

Background: The treatment for glioma has challenging and survival rate is not more than one year after diagnosis. Carmustine is a non-specific antineoplastic agent that belongs to the nitrosourea group of compounds (bischlo-roethyl nitrosourea) and has various mechanisms of tumor cytotoxicity. Main body: It can alkylate reactive sites on nucleoproteins as an alkylating agent, interfering with DNA and RNA synthesis and DNA repair. It can create interstrand crosslink’s in DNA, preventing DNA replication and transcription. Under physiological conditions, carmustine undergoes spontaneous nonenzymatic decomposition, releasing reactive intermediates with alkylating and carbamoylating activities, which are thought to be responsible for carmustine’s anticancer and cytotoxic properties. Human gliomas are the for the most part kind of tumor for brain. Gliomas can be treated with a variety of chemotherapeutics, but carmustine has recently emerged as a promising treatment option. Conclusion: The adoption of a nose-to-brain medication delivery method has several advantages over efforts that try to breach the blood-brain barrier. The focused strategy also lowers the risk of cardiovascular harm. A significant advantage of nose to brain administration is the relatively high patient compliance. Research into new chemotherapeutic compounds and treatment delivery technologies is crucial for present and future patients
Serum lipocalin-2 levels are decreased in patients with leprosy
Authors: Bazid Heba A. S. , Shoeib Mohamed A. , Shoeib May M. , Sharaf Raghda E. A. , Mosatafa Mohammed I. , Abd El Gayed Eman M.
Published: December 2022

Background

Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae affecting the skin, peripheral nerves and mucosae. Lipocalin-2 is a key component of the immune system’s antimicrobial defence - it prevents iron uptake by binding and sequestering iron-scavenging siderophores and thus inhibits bacterial growth.

Aim

We evaluated serum lipocalin-2 levels in leprosy patients and its relationship to the pathogenesis and prognosis of the disease.

Materials and methods

In this case-control study, serum lipocalin-2 levels were measured by ELISA in 20 patients with leprosy and 20 healthy controls.

Results

Serum levels of lipocalin-2 were significantly reduced (P < 0.001) in leprosy patients as compared to controls. The levels were significantly higher (P < 0.014) in patients with multibacillary leprosy than in those with paucibacillary leprosy. Although the levels of lipocalin-2 were higher in patients with multiple nerve involvement as compared to those with involvement of 1 or 2 nerves, the results were not statistically significant.

Limitation of the study

The small sample size and the lack of different ethnic groups in the study were the major limitations of this study.

Conclusion

The lower lipocalin-2 concentrations in leprosy patients point to the importance of the protective functions of lipocalin-2. The elevated levels of lipocalin-2 observed in leprosy patients with neural involvement may be related to the reported neurodegenerative role of lipocalin-2.
Van Buchem disease: A rare sclerosing dysplasia
Authors: Upadhyay Nitish , Das Soumik , Ghosh Aniruddha , Dhibar Tapan
Published: December 2022

The other name for Van Buchem disease is hyperostosis corticalis generalisata. It is an uncommon genetic bone condition characterized by aberrant metaphyseal expansion of the tubular bones and hyperostosis and sclerosis of the craniofacial bones. It is brought on by a SOST gene defect that results in increased osteoblastic activity. A 20-year-old male patient came to us with gradual hearing loss, progressive facial deformity, and breathing difficulties. Radiological examination with computed tomography and X-ray reveals sclerosis of the craniofacial bones and enlargement of the metaphyseal region of long tubular bones. Based on radiological characteristics, we suspected it to be a very rare case of sclerosing dysplasia called Van Buchem disease.
Transradial approach in neurointervention: Part-II: Diagnostic and therapeutic intervention
Authors: Bhatia Vikas , Kumar Ajay , Chauhan Rajeev , Singla Navneet
Published: December 2022

Recent studies and meta-analysis have shown the safety, feasibility, and success of the transradial approach in diagnostic and therapeutic neurointervention. This second part of the review focuses on the technical aspects of diagnostic and therapeutic neurointervention after the radial sheath has been placed.
Chiari III malformation with defect in Liliequist membrane on MR imaging
Authors: Arora Suryansh , Vani Kavita
Published: December 2022

The Liliequist membrane is a radiologically neglected structure, with routine evaluation only carried out in pre-operative and post-operative cases of third ventriculostomy. We report two cases of Chiari III malformation in two unrelated females with similar findings on magnetic resonance imaging study including occipital and low cervical encephalocele, hydrocephalus, and segmentation anomalies in cervical spine. Along with these findings, we report a flow void on T2-weighted images observed in both cases across the site of Liliequist membrane between interpeduncular and chiasmatic cistern. Our findings of CSF flow across the Liliequist membrane may represent spontaneous third ventriculostomy or another congenital defect in the myriad of anomalies seen in cases of Chiari III malformation.
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE KINEMATIC VISCOSITY OF WATER IN PIPES AT SUPERCRITICAL PRESSURES
Authors:   Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of NAS of Ukraine, Fialko Nataliia , Meranova Nataliia ,   Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of NAS of Ukraine, Sherenkovskiy Julii ,   Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of NAS of Ukraine, Aleshko Sergiy ,   Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of NAS of Ukraine, Khmil Dmytro ,   Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of NAS of Ukraine, Sharaevsky Igor ,   Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants of NAS of Ukraine, Zimin Leonid ,   Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants of NAS of Ukraine, Vlasenko Tetiana ,   Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants of NAS of Ukraine, Dashkovska Iryna ,   Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of NAS of Ukraine, Chekharovska Maryna ,   Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of NAS of Ukraine
Published: December 2022

The article presents the results of mathematical modeling of spatial distributions of kinematic viscosity during upward flow of supercritical water in vertical bare pipes.
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN THE CONTEXT OF BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University, Krause Olga , Pinyak Iryna ,   Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University, Shpylyk Svitlana ,   Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University
Published: December 2022

The need to implement the principles of social responsibility of business arose in 1970 in the USA and Great Britain as a result of the requirements of the public regarding the necessity to ensure compliance with the following conditions: social protection and prevention of discrimination of hired workers; responsible choice of business partners; guarantee of quality and safety of products; careful attitude of business to society and ecology; compliance with the norms of openness and transparency of business conduct; taking into account public interests in making strategic business decisions. The norms and principles of social responsibility of business are established by the International Standard ISO 26000:2010. Principles and norms of social responsibility of business are aimed at regulation of the following issues: organizational management; human rights; labor relations; environment; good business practices; social and economic development of society. In the current situation, the time of companies that are focused on maximizing their current profits has passed, modern business should be oriented toward long-term development prospects with clear adherence to the norms and principles of social responsibility and transition in the digital economy. In accordance with the requirements of Directive 2014/95/EU, since 2018, large companies have to reflect non-financial indicators in annual reports, at that, having the right to choose which recommendations to follow – International, EU or national norms. In the world practice it is accepted to distinguish several models of social responsibility of business: european, british, american, asian and african. The development of social responsibility of business in Ukraine began in 2000 years, to achieve systemic and qualitative changes in 2008 an expert organization has been established on public institutions in Kyiv «Development of corporate social responsibility». In 2010-2011, the working group of the Committee on Industry and Regulatory Policy and Entrepreneurship of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine the concept of the national strategy of social responsibility of business has been developed. The need to ensure the cyber-stability of management and production business processes, the need to provide a remote business environment, The transition to the Internet of things has become an incentive to move business to the digital square economy. The process of forming social responsibility under the conditions of business deditalization has an impact external and internal factors, some of which pose threats. Conduct business in the context of ensuring social responsibility rules and regulations creates additional value of the company and competitive advantages.
TRANSFORMATION OF APPROACHES TO ASSESSING UKRAINE'S COMPETITIVENESS
Authors:   Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs, Petchenko Maryna , Skachkova Iryna ,   Kremenchuk Flight College of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs
Published: December 2022

The challenges revealed during the COVID-19 pandemic justified a change in the approach to determining the competitiveness of countries, their priorities to ensure resistance to future shocks. High competitiveness is one of the main conditions for development and viability in general. The aim of the study is to identify directions for the transformation of approaches to assessing Ukraine's competitiveness in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Additional features of assessing the competitiveness of countries after the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic have been established: a look into the future ("tomorrow's markets") - development and implementation of new technologies, waste-free production and consumption, environmental friendliness; growing importance of digitization in the processes of public management and service provision; updating company training programs and expanding investments in skills needed by personnel to work in "tomorrow's markets"; the priority of products and services based on 3D, 4D printing and modeling technology, biotechnology and DNA technology, clean energy technologies (generation, storage, transmission), blockchain technologies, energy efficiency technologies, information processing technologies (artificial intelligence, big data, virtual reality), technologies of the Internet of Things and cloud computing, technologies of network security and encryption protocols, innovative agricultural and food technologies, materials and technologies of composites, quantum computing, robots, satellites (data, connectivity) and space technologies, smart and energy- efficient transport technologies, etc. According to this analysis, Ukraine cannot be considered ready for transformations and resistant to the shocks of socio-economic life caused by the pandemic all over the world. Accordingly, it is necessary to find directions of state policy to increase the country's competitiveness in these conditions.
ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION AND ITS INFLUENCE ON ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING IN UKRAINE
Authors:   Sumy National Agrarian University, Dovzhyk Olena
Published: December 2022

Globalization of the economic development of all aspects of modern economic activity dictates the corresponding requirements, quantitative and qualitative parameters for the Ukrainian economy. Compliance of the Ukrainian economy with world standards requires the creation of a favorable environment investment climate for domestic and foreign investors. Significant problem of the current stage of accounting development is the lack of sophistication of theoretical aspects of accounting science. The pace of the globalization has proved so significant that the accounting theory, as well as its methodology, methodology and organization, have fallen behind and do not meet the economic interests of the new structures. The development of world relations in the process of the globalization is one of the objective conditions for significant changes both in the Ukrainian accounting and reporting system and in the accounting systems of other countries. The article highlights the peculiarities of applying IFRS for enterprises in Ukraine and in the world; the evolution of the legal framework of accounting introduction in Ukraine in accordance with the international legal norms has been investigated; the processes of implementation of the IFRS in Ukraine and their implementation in modern conditions are investigated too; an assessment of the state of application of the IFRS and a comparison of the regulatory reporting requirements in accordance with the national and international regulations were provided; the differences between the IFRS and national financial reporting standards have been identified. A significant factor restraining the possibility of harmonization of reporting due to international standardization accounting principles and rules are unique to each individuals social environment, formation of nation accounting systems under the influence of various theoretical concepts, economic situations, information needs users of financial information, culture, national historical traditions.