bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Ethos and Telos of Michoacán’s Knights Templar
Authors: Lomnitz Claudio
Published: August 2019

This essay is an ethnographic exploration of the ethos and mores of Mexico’s contemporary drug culture. It uses temporal directionality (telos) to interpret the idiosyncratic symbols and rituals developed for the warrior order known as the Caballeros Templarios or Knights Templar cartel (Michoacán). The essay shows that Mexican drug organizations, in their dedication to the business of privatizing public goods, are thus at the same time parallel state structures and trust-based organizations of brothers working to build a collective future. The essay emphasizes the cultural elaboration of competing communitarian and bureaucratic organizational forms and ideals in order to explore the leadership style and moral codes of honor of the Knights Templar, underscoring the centrality of transnational movement in the invention of an acutely gender- and class-based culture of violent domination and caste formation.
Damning Nicomedia
Authors: Barry Jennifer
Published: August 2019

All Christian flights were not created equal. With the aid of pro-Nicene authors, Athanasius of Alexandria's multiple flights quickly became the standard for an orthodox exile. The charge of cowardice, or worse, heresy, was not so easily dismissed, however. While the famed Athanasius would explain away such charges in his own writings, as did many of his later defenders, not all fleeing bishops could escape a damning verdict. In this article, I explore how the enemies of Nicaea, re-read as the enemies of Athanasius, also found themselves in exile. Their episcopal flights were no testament to their virtue but within pro-Nicene Christian memory of fifth-century ecclesiastical historians, the exiles of anti-Nicene bishops, such as Eusebius of Nicomedia, were remembered as evidence of guilt. To show how this memory-making exercise took place we will turn to the imperial landscape and assess how the space someone was exiled from greatly shaped how exile was deemed either orthodox or heretical.
“They Wandered in the Deserts and Mountains, and Caves and Holes in the Ground”
Authors: O'Connell Elisabeth R.
Published: August 2019

This contribution examines how models of exile were adopted and adapted in non-Chalcedonian communities following the establishment of a parallel Severan episcopal hierarchy under Archbishop Peter IV of Alexandria (576–577) and the consolidation of the Severan non-Chalcedonian church under his successor Damian (578–c. 607). Peter's predecessor Theodosius spent most of his long episcopacy (536–566) exiled in Constantinople, where he died, and Peter himself contended with three rivals to the patriarchate of Alexandria. Drawing on literary, documentary, and archaeological sources, I explore how the memory of non-Chalcedonian heroes was mobilized partly in order to validate the uncomfortable truth that members of the new network of bishops did not always live in their capitals, but in local monasteries, just as Peter and Damian did not live in Alexandria, but in the Enaton, nine miles to the west.

After a brief survey of the role of exile in the Alexandrian Church, I concentrate on the literary representation of the appropriate places for exile in monastic literature, in particular the identification of the “deserts” and “mountains,” “caves” and “holes” of the wandering Hebrews (Heb 11.38) with the monastic landscape of Egypt in the late sixth and early seventh centuries. At this time, monastic habitation of natural caves, gallery quarries, and rock-cut tombs on the desert escarpment above the Nile Valley flood plain flourished. Finally, I survey the archaeological evidence of one region where bishops appointed by Damian settled, and how they put their models of exile into practice.
Insulin resistance associates with hepatic lobular inflammation in subjects with obesity
Authors: Van de Velde Frederique , Bekaert Marlies , Geerts Anja , Hoorens Anne , Batens Arsène-Hélène , Shadid Samyah , Ouwens Margriet , Van Nieuwenhove Yves , Lapauw Bruno
Published: August 2019

Purpose

Obese subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are more prone to develop additional metabolic disturbances such as systemic insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes. NAFLD is defined by hepatic steatosis, lobular inflammation, ballooning and stage of fibrosis, but it is unclear if and which components could contribute to IR.

Objective

To assess which histological components of NAFLD associate with IR in subjects with obesity, and if so, to what extent.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 78 obese subjects (mean age 46 ± 11 years; BMI 42.2 ± 4.7 kg/m2). Glucose levels were analysed by hexokinase method and insulin levels with electrochemiluminescence. Homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Liver biopsies were evaluated for histological components of NAFLD.

Results

A positive association between overall NAFLD Activity Score and HOMA-IR was found (r
s = 0.259, P = 0.022). As per individual components, lobular inflammation and fibrosis stage were positively associated with HOMA-IR, glucose and insulin levels (P < 0.05), and HOMA-IR was higher in patients with more inflammatory foci or higher stage of fibrosis. These findings were independent of age, BMI, triglyceride levels, diabetes status and sex (all P < 0.043). In a combined model, lobular inflammation, but not fibrosis, remained associated with HOMA-IR.

Conclusion

In this group of obese subjects, a major contributing histological component of NAFLD to the relation between NAFLD severity and IR seems to be the grade of hepatic lobular inflammation. Although no causal relationship was assessed, preventing or mitigating this inflammatory response in obesity might be of importance in controlling obesity-related metabolic disturbances.
Can Higher Body Mass Index Patients Save Blood Following On-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting?
Authors: Zhang Wenyuan , Chen Shibiao , Liu Xiaojie , Wang Lijuan , Wang Sudena , Yu Yang , AO Hushan
Published: August 2019

Background: The association of obesity with postoperative bleeding volume and transfusions after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is not clear. We evaluated the effects of body mass index (BMI) on bleeding volume and transfusions in patients undergoing on-pump CABG.
Methods: We investigated 1,050 patients, aged 24 years to 83 years, who underwent isolated, primary CABG with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) at Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, from September 2017 to July 2018. We recorded preoperative medical and laboratory coagulation parameters, intraoperative data, and postoperative bleeding volume for 24 hours following surgery. Primary endpoint was bleeding volume within 24 hours and transfusions after surgery. We analyzed the correlation between bleeding volume within 24 hours and transfusions after surgery and preoperative data with univariate and multivariate linear regression and logistic regression.
Results: Old age significantly increased postoperative transfusions (OR = 1.035 95% CI 1.013-1.058, P = .002), whereas higher BMI (OR = 0.897 95% CI 0.848-0.949, P < .001) and higher hemoglobin (HGB) (OR = 0.966 95% CI 0.954-0.978, P < 0.001) decreased postoperative transfusions. And, BMI independently was correlated with bleeding volume after multivariate regression analysis (B = -0.257, P < .001).
Conclusions: Our findings suggest higher BMI may reduce postoperative bleeding volume and transfusion rate, thus such patients may save blood products during on-pump CABG.
The Outcast as a Mirror
Authors: Quigley Michal
Published: August 2019

AGNES VARDA'S VAGABONDE: THE OUTCAST AS A MIRROR In 1985 French filmmaker Agnès Varda released what is considered by many to be her seminal work, Vagabonde(1) (Sans toit ni loi). The film represents over thirty years of experimentation with narrative structure and character development. Varda, who has always been fascinated with the audience's participation in the production of meaning, has created a film in which the reactions of secondary characters build a portrait of an enigmatic woman. The director invites the audience to participate in uncovering of the "mystery" surrounding the life of a dead woman. On the surface, Vagabonde is a deceptively simple story. The film opens with the image of a frozen female corpse and a narrator (Varda) tells the audience that what follows are interviews with the people who knew her in the last weeks of her life. Through interviews and flashbacks the viewer learns...
Interview with Akira Kurosawa
Authors: Marshall Fred
Published: August 2019

THE EMPEROR OF FILM: NO, NOT YET! Fred Marshall speaks with Akira Kurosawa about his new film Madadayo (No, Not yet!). "When I make a film like this, it makes me so happy," said the "Emperor of Celluloid" Akira Kurosawa upon the completion of his latest motion picture Madadayo which is to celebrate his Silver Jubilee of filmmaking. Madadayo is Kurosawa's thirtieth motion picture, and at a special press conference in Tokyo's Capitol Hotel, the director went on record to say that at 83, he still has no other intentions then to make films. Madadayo was completed at the end of 1992; it is to be released worldwide after its Tokyo premiere in Tokyo in the first half of 1993. Location shooting was done in Gotemba city, about 145 kilometres west of Tokyo, where sets showed the burnt homes and devastation of postwar Japan. In addition, huge open sets...
Jan Švankmajer
Authors: Uhde Jan
Published: August 2019

JAN ŠVANKMAJER: THE PRODIGIOUS ANIMATOR FROM PRAGUE The Czech animated-film director, visual artist, and surrealist Jan Švankmajer is one of the most remarkable filmmakers of the last three decades. The influential French film journal Positif considers him, together with the famous Russian animator Yuri Norstein (Tale of Tales), "a giant of contemporary film."(1) The British film critic Julian Petley calls him, along with the Polish directors Jan Lenica and Walerian Borowczyk, "...one of the key animators to have emerged in Eastern Europe since the war."(2) Born in 1934, the sixty-years-old director embarked on his filmmaking career in 1964; since then, he has made more than twenty films, mostly shorts.(3) His works are regularly featured at major international competitions, including Annecy, Berlin, Cannes, Mannheim, Toronto, and Oberhausen.(4) For his films, Švankmajer has received over thirty festival prizes and honours. Unfortunately, Švankmajer's philosophically profound, visually rich and...
Festivals -- Afterthoughts and Observations
Authors: Pratley Gerald
Published: August 2019

A PRECARIOUS SPIRAL FESTIVALS, festivals everywhere -- and hardly ever a decent film to be found! Judging by the comments of almost everyone leaving the 1993 Berlin and Cannes festivals one wonders why they came or why they stayed. While certain film-mad festivaliers can rack up as many as 75 films in ten days (that is, if they see them all the way through; others who see bits and pieces claim up to a hundred) the most normal movie buffs see are possibly five a day. By the end of each day then, when time for dinner rolls around, the litany of complaints about what was seen reaches a Dolby-like volume. There is not, it seems, enough good films to go around -- but that depends of course on an individual's interpretation of what is "good." So why do we continue to attend festivals and why do they continue...
Karel Kachyňa
Authors: Jachnin Boris
Published: August 2019

KAREL KACHYŇA: FOUR DECADES OF A GREAT CZECH DIRECTORDecade One: The BeginningsIt is difficult to give a foreign viewer a satisfactory picture of Karel Kachyňa," a director who lets the viewer experience humour, grief, joy and education from such simple things as a tree, a cloud or plain earth in such a limited number of his films. Kachyna made his first film in 1950 for his final work at the Prague Film Academy when he was 26 years old. He was born in 1924 into a Moravian family from the small town of Vyskov. In this part of Moravia almost everybody paints and sculpts.(1) All the houses are beautifully decorated and every village has its experts on painting Easter eggs. As he was growing up, Kachyna painted and photographed more and more eagerly. He always finished every work he started. But when one is 16...
Orson Welles: Ten Years After His Death
Authors: Tierney Kevin
Published: August 2019

ORSON WELLES ONCE REFLECTED on his own work in the following way: "Almost all serious stories in the world are stories of failure with a death in it. But there is more lost paradise in them than defeat." In many ways that could stand as the story of Orson Welles himself -- failure, death and lost paradises are serious stuff to be sure; but in speaking of a man who changed forever the way we look at movies, should we not speak of found paradises as well as lost, of victories and defeats? With his passing in October of 1985, the most obvious temptation is to do to his death what Welles himself did to his most famous creation, Charles Foster Kane: ignore the warnings of NO TRESPASSING and plunge into the biographical details of what no doubt was a fascinating but ultimately tragic life, not unlike that of...
Wong Kar-wai: Time, Memory, Identity
Authors: Toh Hai Leong
Published: August 2019

IN HIS BRILLIANT TRIAD FILM DEBUT As Tears Go By, the Hong Kong's maverick filmmaker Wong Kar-wai(1) seeks to challenge popular audience expectations of the genre. A story about male bonding in which two friends are hired by the triads to carry out a murder, the film was selected by the informed programmer of the 13th Hong Kong International Film Festival (1989) to represent new Hong Kong films of the 1990s. The choice was prophetic in highlighting the thirty-one-year-old director as a new and exciting film talent. The following five years have seen Wong achieve an eclectic oeuvre of films which departs from the tidal wave of fast-paced Hong Kong films packed with sex and violence. In As Tears Go By, Wong Kar-wai takes the courageous position of showing more interest in the existential motivations and feelings of the film's two protagonists (Andy Lau and Jacky Cheung)...
Historical Poetics, Malaysian Cinema, and the Japanese Occupation
Authors: White Timothy
Published: August 2019

LITTLE HAS BEEN WRITTEN, especially in English, about the history of Malaysian cinema. Rather than a fully-developed study of Malaysian film, this article is really more of an introduction to the project I am undertaking, which is a study of Malaysian cinema from the "Golden Age" (the 1950s and 1960s), including especially the films of P. Ramlee, but also such genres as the crime film, fantasy film, and pontianak (vampire) film, to today's Malaysian cinema, with its own genres, outstanding filmmakers (Aziz Osman and U-Wei Haji Shaari, for example), and performers (most obviously, Sofia Jane). And this article is as much an introduction to my methodology -- historical poetics -- as it is to my subject. Therefore, this article is divided into three sections: the first deals with the need for a new way of looking at Third World cinema; the second with a general discussion of what historical...
Pordenone 1995
Authors: Pratley Gerald
Published: August 2019

LE GIORNATE DEL CINEMA MUTO: 14th PORDENONE SILENT FILM FESTIVAL Treasures from the Past and Words from the Present: A Festival Speaks for ItselfMuch of the excitement engendered by film festivals comes from the first showings of the newest films from around the world. Feelings of anticipation and the promise of discovery keep festivaliers on the edge and on the move from cinema to cinema. But disappointment is all too frequently the order of the day as too many of the latest productions fail to live up to our expectations. Pordenone, a small historic city north of Venice, is the one and only festival at which those in attendance know what to expect. For them, it is a journey into rediscovering the greatness of the past where anticipations are fully realised. Pordenone as a general rule never shows anything made after 1930. It is a festival of Silent...
FILOSOFIA E PSICANÁLISE
Authors: Almeida Custódio Luís S. de
Published: August 2019

Anamnese - a filosofia e o retomo do reprimido, do professor Ernildo Stein, éum conjunto de doze ensaios, publicados em 1997 pela Editora da PUCRS, que nosbrinda com temas da relação Filosofia-Psicanálise, numa linguagem polêmica,associada a um estilo literário e livre. Sendo um livro de ensaios, não há exigênciade uma leitura seqüenciada, nem de conhecimento profundo de filosofia e psicanálise,mas, com certeza, o leitor será naturalmente lançado num campo muitofértil, cujas trilhas de discussão e as notáveis elaborações construídas são umconvite ao estudo dos temas e problemas tratados.
O CARÁTER EFÊMERO DA OBRA DE ARTE PERMANENTE: ou a efemeridade do permanente na obra de arte
Authors: Quadros Odone José de
Published: August 2019

SÍNTESE - a característica adorniana de fogo de artificio revelada pela produção artística moderno- contemporânea é própria de todas as obras de arte de qualquer época. A permanência do fato artístico estará entregue à sua ordem de leitura e execução no tempo. Serão apresentadas as características da razão dominadora, o ponto de vista do Ersatz, a leitura da obra como execução e como recepção.
FILOSOFAR COM CRIANÇAS
Authors: Sardi Sérgio A.
Published: August 2019

SÍNTESE - O texto visa contribuir ao debate sobre a relação entre a questão "o que é Filosofia" e o ensino/aprendizado de Filosofia com crianças, tecendo considerações acerca da metodologia de ensino.
REGIME DE CONSTITUIÇÃO DE OBJETOS E DESCONSTRUÇÃO DA RELAÇÃO DE OBJETO
Authors: Stein Ernildo
Published: August 2019

SÍNTESE - Na tradição filosófica a questão do objeto tem levado a discussões de importância no âmbito da análise do conhecimento. Na psicanálise a expressão relação de objeto herdou as dificuldades que o problema do objeto suscitava na filosofia. O ensaio pretende sugerir um novo tratamento para a questão através do uso de alguns elementos da analítica existencial. É assim que irá tratar do modo de ser-no-mundo e a perturbação da relação de objeto, partindo da questão da finitude do Dasein para realizar uma espécie de desconstrução hermenêutica dessa relação. Um exame especifico da questão do objeto perdido irá revelar novas faces da questão na relação de ambiguidade entre culpa e melancolia diante dos objetos da experiência de um tipo de obra de arte contemporânea.
NOTAS SOBRE A TÉCNICA NO PENSAMENTO DE HEIDEGGER
Authors: Giacoia Junior Oswaldo
Published: August 2019

SÍNTESE - O objetivo desse artigo consiste em explicitar e discutir as principais teses do livro de Sílvio Vietta a respeito da metafisica e da politica na filosofia de Martin Heidegger. De acordo com a interpretação de Vietta, Heidegger empreende uma crítica radical do nacional-socialismo e da política moderna no contexto próprio de sua crítica fundamental da metafisica ocidental e de sua reflexão sobre a essência da técnica moderna.
"OUVIR A VOZ DO AMIGO ... "
Authors: Reis Róbson Ramos dos
Published: August 2019

SÍNTESE - Este artigo apresenta uma análise da passagem sobre a voz do amigo, no § 34 de Ser e tempo, aproximando-a da temática da voz da consciência, tal como apresentada nos §§ 54 a 60. São destacados os pontos relevantes nas duas temáticas, que são aproximadas pelo papel central atribuído ao fenômeno do ouvir, enquanto forma essencial dó compartilhamento da própria existência com os outros existentes humanos. Tanto na voz da consciência, quanto na voz do amigo, está presente a possibilidade de abertura do Dasein para o seu poder-ser mais próprio. Se a voz da consciência chama a vida humana diante de sua possibilidade autêntica, o ouvi-la, na forma do ouvir a voz do amigo, faz cada existente em particular aberto para tal possibilidade. Por isso, o central nesta voz não seria tanto o seu caráter amigável, mas o compartilhamento: um compartilhamento que não exclui o confronto. A conclusão central consiste em que esta afirmação sobre a voz do amigo pertence ao cerne da analítica da existência, não podendo ser vista como uma simples evocação poética.
Women’s ijtih?d as a Strategy for Liberation
Authors: Yafout Merieme
Published: August 2019

This article aims to explore some strategies of Islamist women by analyzing feminine ijtihad as a practice among a group of women who call themselves ‘Sisters for Eternity’. These women were a part of the women’s section of Al Adl Wal Ihssane (AWI), a Moroccan Islamist movement. These women conceive that an emancipation of women based on Islamic sources is possible and they therefore conduct a project of reinterpretation and contextualisation of the sacred texts. This article will describe the aforementioned project, its foundations, and offer concrete examples and results of this effort at ijtihad. The article will conclude with remarks regarding the possible influence of such a project on the emancipation of women.
Muslims in Eastern Europe, by Egd?nas Ra?ius
Authors: Endresen Cecilie
Published: August 2019

Muslims in Eastern Europe, by Egd?nas Ra?ius. Edinburgh University Press: Edinburgh, 2018. 184pp. Pb. £25. ISBN 978 1 4744 1579 8.
How Does Knowledge of the AUC Constrain the Set of Possible Ground-Truth Labelings?
Authors: Whitehill Jacob
Published: August 2019

Recent work on privacy-preserving machine learning has considered how datamining competitions such as Kaggle could potentially be “hacked”, either intentionally or inadvertently, by using information from an oracle that reports a classifier’s accuracy on the test set (Blum and Hardt 2015; Hardt and Ullman 2014; Zheng 2015; Whitehill 2016). For binary classification tasks in particular, one of the most common accuracy metrics is the Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC), and in this paper we explore the mathematical structure of how the AUC is computed from an n-vector of real-valued “guesses” with respect to the ground-truth labels. Under the assumption of perfect knowledge of the test set AUC c=p/q, we show how knowing c constrains the set W of possible ground-truth labelings, and we derive an algorithm both to compute the exact number of such labelings and to enumerate efficiently over them. We also provide empirical evidence that, surprisingly, the number of compatible labelings can actually decrease as n grows, until a test set-dependent threshold is reached. Finally, we show how W can be efficiently whittled down, through pairs of oracle queries, to infer all the groundtruth test labels with complete certainty.
Uncovering Specific-Shape Graph Anomalies in Attributed Graphs
Authors: Wu Nannan , Wang Wenjun , Chen Feng , Li Jianxin , Li Bo , Huai Jinpeng
Published: August 2019

As networks are ubiquitous in the modern era, point anomalies have been changed to graph anomalies in terms of anomaly shapes. However, the specific-shape priors about anomalous subgraphs of interest are seldom considered by the traditional approaches when detecting the subgraphs in attributed graphs (e.g., computer networks, Bitcoin networks, and etc.). This paper proposes a nonlinear approach to specific-shape graph anomaly detection. The nonlinear approach focuses on optimizing a broad class of nonlinear cost functions via specific-shape constraints in attributed graphs. Our approach can be used to many different graph anomaly settings. The traditional approaches can only support linear cost functions (e.g., an aggregation function for the summation of node weights). However, our approach can employ more powerful nonlinear cost functions, and enjoys a rigorous theoretical guarantee on the near-optimal solution with the geometrical convergence rate.
SpHMC: Spectral Hamiltonian Monte Carlo
Authors: Xiong Haoyi , Wang Kafeng , Bian Jiang , Zhu Zhanxing , Xu Cheng-Zhong , Guo Zhishan , Huan Jun
Published: August 2019

Stochastic Gradient Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (SGHMC) methods have been widely used to sample from certain probability distributions, incorporating (kernel) density derivatives and/or given datasets. Instead of exploring new samples from kernel spaces, this piece of work proposed a novel SGHMC sampler, namely Spectral Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (SpHMC), that produces the high dimensional sparse representations of given datasets through sparse sensing and SGHMC. Inspired by compressed sensing, we assume all given samples are low-dimensional measurements of certain high-dimensional sparse vectors, while a continuous probability distribution exists in such high-dimensional space. Specifically, given a dictionary for sparse coding, SpHMC first derives a novel likelihood evaluator of the probability distribution from the loss function of LASSO, then samples from the high-dimensional distribution using stochastic Langevin dynamics with derivatives of the logarithm likelihood and Metropolis–Hastings sampling. In addition, new samples in low-dimensional measuring spaces can be regenerated using the sampled high-dimensional vectors and the dictionary. Extensive experiments have been conducted to evaluate the proposed algorithm using real-world datasets. The performance comparisons on three real-world applications demonstrate the superior performance of SpHMC beyond baseline methods.
Dueling Bandits with Qualitative Feedback
Authors: Xu Liyuan , Honda Junya , Sugiyama Masashi
Published: August 2019

We formulate and study a novel multi-armed bandit problem called the qualitative dueling bandit (QDB) problem, where an agent observes not numeric but qualitative feedback by pulling each arm. We employ the same regret as the dueling bandit (DB) problem where the duel is carried out by comparing the qualitative feedback. Although we can naively use classic DB algorithms for solving the QDB problem, this reduction significantly worsens the performance—actually, in the QDB problem, the probability that one arm wins the duel over another arm can be directly estimated without carrying out actual duels. In this paper1, we propose such direct algorithms for the QDB problem. Our theoretical analysis shows that the proposed algorithms significantly outperform DB algorithms by incorporating the qualitative feedback, and experimental results also demonstrate vast improvement over the existing DB algorithms.
Cross-Domain Visual Representations via Unsupervised Graph Alignment
Authors: Yang Baoyao , Yuen Pong C.
Published: August 2019

In unsupervised domain adaptation, distributions of visual representations are mismatched across domains, which leads to the performance drop of a source model in the target domain. Therefore, distribution alignment methods have been proposed to explore cross-domain visual representations. However, most alignment methods have not considered the difference in distribution structures across domains, and the adaptation would subject to the insufficient aligned cross-domain representations. To avoid the misclassification/misidentification due to the difference in distribution structures, this paper proposes a novel unsupervised graph alignment method that aligns both data representations and distribution structures across the source and target domains. An adversarial network is developed for unsupervised graph alignment, which maps both source and target data to a feature space where data are distributed with unified structure criteria. Experimental results show that the graph-aligned visual representations achieve good performance on both crossdataset recognition and cross-modal re-identification.
Learning Personalized Attribute Preference via Multi-Task AUC Optimization
Authors: Yang Zhiyong , Xu Qianqian , Cao Xiaochun , Huang Qingming
Published: August 2019

Traditionally, most of the existing attribute learning methods are trained based on the consensus of annotations aggregated from a limited number of annotators. However, the consensus might fail in settings, especially when a wide spectrum of annotators with different interests and comprehension about the attribute words are involved. In this paper, we develop a novel multi-task method to understand and predict personalized attribute annotations. Regarding the attribute preference learning for each annotator as a specific task, we first propose a multi-level task parameter decomposition to capture the evolution from a highly popular opinion of the mass to highly personalized choices that are special for each person. Meanwhile, for personalized learning methods, ranking prediction is much more important than accurate classification. This motivates us to employ an Area Under ROC Curve (AUC) based loss function to improve our model. On top of the AUC-based loss, we propose an efficient method to evaluate the loss and gradients. Theoretically, we propose a novel closed-form solution for one of our non-convex subproblem, which leads to provable convergence behaviors. Furthermore, we also provide a generalization bound to guarantee a reasonable performance. Finally, empirical analysis consistently speaks to the efficacy of our proposed method.
Balanced Sparsity for Efficient DNN Inference on GPU
Authors: Yao Zhuliang , Cao Shijie , Xiao Wencong , Zhang Chen , Nie Lanshun
Published: August 2019

In trained deep neural networks, unstructured pruning can reduce redundant weights to lower storage cost. However, it requires the customization of hardwares to speed up practical inference. Another trend accelerates sparse model inference on general-purpose hardwares by adopting coarse-grained sparsity to prune or regularize consecutive weights for efficient computation. But this method often sacrifices model accuracy. In this paper, we propose a novel fine-grained sparsity approach, Balanced Sparsity, to achieve high model accuracy with commercial hardwares efficiently. Our approach adapts to high parallelism property of GPU, showing incredible potential for sparsity in the widely deployment of deep learning services. Experiment results show that Balanced Sparsity achieves up to 3.1x practical speedup for model inference on GPU, while retains the same high model accuracy as finegrained sparsity.
f-Similarity Preservation Loss for Soft Labels: A Demonstration on Cross-Corpus Speech Emotion Recognition
Authors: Zhang Biqiao , Kong Yuqing , Essl Georg , Provost Emily Mower
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we propose a Deep Metric Learning (DML) approach that supports soft labels. DML seeks to learn representations that encode the similarity between examples through deep neural networks. DML generally presupposes that data can be divided into discrete classes using hard labels. However, some tasks, such as our exemplary domain of speech emotion recognition (SER), work with inherently subjective data, data for which it may not be possible to identify a single hard label. We propose a family of loss functions, fSimilarity Preservation Loss (f-SPL), based on the dual form of f-divergence for DML with soft labels. We show that the minimizer of f-SPL preserves the pairwise label similarities in the learned feature embeddings. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed loss function on the task of cross-corpus SER with soft labels. Our approach, which combines f-SPL and classification loss, significantly outperforms a baseline SER system with the same structure but trained with only classification loss in most experiments. We show that the presented techniques are more robust to over-training and can learn an embedding space in which the similarity between examples is meaningful.
Learning Set Functions with Limited Complementarity
Authors: Zhang Hanrui
Published: August 2019

We study PMAC-learning of real-valued set functions with limited complementarity. We prove, to our knowledge, the first nontrivial learnability result for set functions exhibiting complementarity, generalizing Balcan and Harvey’s result for submodular functions. We prove a nearly matching information theoretical lower bound on the number of samples required, complementing our learnability result. We conduct numerical simulations to show that our algorithm is likely to perform well in practice.
The Mathematics of Changing One’s Mind, via Jeffrey’s or via Pearl’s Update Rule
Authors: Jacobs Bart
Published: August 2019

Evidence in probabilistic reasoning may be ‘hard’ or ‘soft’, that is, it may be of yes/no form, or it may involve a strength of belief, in the unit interval [0, 1]. Reasoning with soft, [0, 1]-valued evidence is important in many situations but may lead to different, confusing interpretations. This paper intends to bring more mathematical and conceptual clarity to the field by shifting the existing focus from specification of soft evidence to accomodation of soft evidence. There are two main approaches, known as Jeffrey’s rule and Pearl’s method; they give different outcomes on soft evidence. This paper argues that they can be understood as correction and as improvement. It describes these two approaches as different ways of updating with soft evidence, highlighting their differences, similarities and applications. This account is based on a novel channel-based approach to Bayesian probability. Proper understanding of these two update mechanisms is highly relevant for inference, decision tools and probabilistic programming languages.
Uso da ventilação não invasiva na SDRA e pneumonia secundária a H1N1: revisão sistemática
Authors: Barauna Luiz Henrique , Ferreira Neto Fleury
Published: August 2019

INTRODUÇÃO: A influenza A é uma infecção respiratória aguda, associada a epidemias e pandemias, sendo um vírus de comportamento sazonal. O uso precoce da ventilação não invasiva tem se mostrado um tratamento de primeira linha em pacientes com síndrome do desconforto respiratório e pneumonia secundaria a influenza A H1N1, resultando em menores taxas de mortalidade. OBJETIVO: Investigar através de revisão sistemática o uso da ventilação não invasiva em pacientes diagnosticados com Influenza A H1N1, secundário a pneumonia e a síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados do Periódicos Capes, Science Direct, SciELO, e Pubmed, selecionando-se os estudos desenvolvidos nos últimos 10 anos, não sendo imposta restrição de idiomas para a pesquisa. A qualidade metodológica dos estudos foi apontada utilizando a escala de PEDro. RESULTADOS: 16 estudos preencheram o critério de elegibilidade e foram incluídos neste estudo segundo escore de PEDro. Nove estudos mostraram que o uso da ventilação não invasiva foi eficiente em pacientes de média e baixa hipoxemia, diminuindo a taxa de intubação orotraqueal e doenças associadas, menor permanência hospitalar e menores taxas de mortalidade. CONCLUSÃO: O uso da VNI em pacientes com Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório Agudo e pneumonia secundária ao vírus influenza A H1N1 mostrou-se relevante na reversão da hipoxemia moderada e leve. Critérios, parâmetros e protocolos bem estabelecidos, torna-se muito útil, juntamente com profissionais experientes e preparados, visando assim uma menor taxa de intubação orotraqueal e doenças associadas, e consequentemente uma menor permanência hospitalar e menores taxas de mortalidade.
Comparação da incapacidade entre estratos de risco para mau prognóstico na lombalgia crônica: estudo observacional
Authors: Ludwig André Franco , Hubner Fernanda Peron , Caovilla Andrea Rafaela , Weizemann Carolina , Barboza Taise Vieira , Pereira Katriane Endiel , Stachelski Renata Anddresa , De Carvalho Alberito Rodrigo
Published: August 2019

INTRODUÇÃO: A dor lombar crônica (DLC) é uma síndrome que compromete negativamente a capacidade funcional dos indivíduos. OBJETIVO: Verificar se há diferença no nível de incapacidade autorrelatado entre pacientes alocados nos diferentes estratos de risco para desenvolver mau prognóstico na DLC. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo piloto, observacional e transversal. A amostra foi composta por 17 voluntários com DLC, provenientes de um Centro de Reabilitação Física universitário local. Os voluntários foram solicitados a responder dois questionários para avaliação do tanto do nível de incapacidade quanto para determinar o risco de mau prognóstico. O nível de incapacidade autorrelatado foi determinado pela Versão Brasileira do Índice Funcional de Oswestry (IFO). O risco para desenvolver mau prognóstico foi determinado pelo questionário STarT Back Screening Tool (SBST), baseado na influência dos fatores psicossociais, e os voluntários foram classificados em baixo (n=6), médio (n=6) ou alto (n=5) risco de mau prognóstico. O teste estatístico utilizado foi o Generalized Linear Model (GLzM), com ?=0,05. RESULTADOS: O grupo de baixo risco apresentou incapacidade mínima e os grupos com médio e alto risco apresentaram incapacidade severa, porém observou-se diferença estatística no IFO apenas entre os grupos de baixo e alto risco. CONCLUSÃO: Houve diferença na incapacidade autorrelatada entre os estratos de risco de mau prognóstico, sendo a incapacidade significativamente mais alta no grupo alto risco em comparação com o baixo risco, sugerindo que os aspectos psicossociais impactam não só para o prognóstico, mas também o nível de incapacidade de pacientes com dor lombar crônica.
Eficácia do treinamento muscular inspiratório pré-operatório utilizando o Threshold IMT em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia esofágica: um ensaio clínico randomizado
Authors: Da Cunha Fernanda Maria Rodrigues , Borges Marisa de Carvalho , Carvalho Fabiana Alves , Volpe Márcia Souza , Júnior Virmondes Rodrigues , Crema Eduardo
Published: August 2019

INTRODUÇÃO:  O treinamento muscular inspiratório (TMI) no pré-operatório pode evitar complicações pulmonares no pós-operatório (CPPO) em pacientes submetidos a esofagectomia. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia do TMI que foi realizado no período pré-operatório e seus benefícios no período pós-operatório, através da avaliação da pressão inspiratória máxima (PImáx), da pressão expiratória máxima (PEmáx), da ventilação voluntária máxima (VVM) e do pico de fluxo expiratório (PFE) e os benefícios do mesmo no pós-operatório. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um ensaio clínico, randomizado, que foi realizado pela disciplina de Cirurgia do Aparelho Digestivo do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro. Foram incluídos 26 pacientes em: Grupo Controle (GC: n=12) e Grupo Intervenção (GI: n=14). O GI realizou TMI por no mínimo 2 semanas. As avaliações foram realizadas no pré e pós-operatório. RESULTADOS:  Houve aumento da PImáx (p=0,006), da PEmáx (p=0,005) e do VVM (0,042) no GI, após o TMI realizado no pré-operatório em relação ao GC. Na avaliação do PFE não foi observada aumento após o TMI no GI em relação ao GC (p=0,63). Na alta hospitalar houve queda das variáveis avaliadas em ambos os grupos e no 30°PO ocorreu recuperação em relação aos valores iniciais. Quanto a ocorrência de CPPO não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: O TMI realizado em nosso estudo melhorou a força muscular inspiratória, expiratória e a função ventilatória no pré-operatório, porém não resultou em melhor evolução no pós-operatório de pacientes submetidos a esofagectomia.
Tissue-based metabolomics reveals potential biomarkers for cervical carcinoma and HPV infection
Authors: Abudula Abulizi , Rouzi Nuermanguli , Xu Lixiu , Yang Yun , Hasimu Axiangu
Published: August 2019

Aberrant metabolic regulation has been observed in human cancers, but the corresponding regulation in human papillomavirus (HPV) infection-associated cervical cancer is not well understood. Here, we explored potential biomarkers for the early prediction of cervical carcinoma based on the metabolic profile of uterine cervical tissue specimens that were positive for HPV16 infection. Fifty-two fresh cervical tissues were collected from women confirmed to have cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC; n = 21) or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) stages II-III (n = 20). Eleven healthy women constituted the controls (NCs). Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect HPV infection in the tissues. High-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance was utilized for the analysis of the metabolic profile in the tissues. The expression of rate-limiting enzymes involved in key metabolic pathways was detected by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR. An independent immunohistochemical analysis was performed using 123 cases of paraffin-embedded cervical specimens. A profile of 17 small molecular metabolites that showed differential expression in HPV16-positive cervical SCC or CIN II-III compared with HPV-negative NCs was identified. According to the profile, the levels of α- and β-glucose decreased, those of lactate and low-density lipoproteins increased, and the expression of multiple amino acids was altered. Significantly increased transcript and protein levels of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) and glutamate decarboxylase 1 (GAD1) and decreased transcript and protein levels of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) were observed in the patient group (p < 0.05). HPV infection and cervical carcinogenesis drive metabolic modifications that might be associated with the aberrant regulation of enzymes related to metabolic pathways.
ESTIMATION OF FILLING PROCESSES IN THE GAS CAP OF GEOSOLITON FIELD
Authors: Lubkov M.
Published: August 2019

Recently the efficiency of oil-gas deposits exploration has been closely connected with understanding of processes forming of such deposits. In forming, transferring and accumulation processes of hydrocarbons, the important role has mechanism of its vertical migrations. Among models in which such mechanisms were presented, geosoliton conception is well-known enough. Geosoliton conception is in well agreement with many of geologic and cosmogonic ideas. It unites principals of biogenic and abiogenic hypothesis of hydrocarbons forming, which come from mantle in composition of hot high-pressure fluids. The fluids come through the crack-pour faults in the central channel part of geosoliton. The abnormal high pressure of accumulated gases in the central part of geosoliton leads to their penetration in collector reservoirs. At that place deposit geosoliton system is forming. It consists of the gas caps, oil collars and reservoir water in the periphery.

Purpose. Estimation of filling processes in the gas cap of geosoliton field.

Methodology. To resolve the nonstationary piezoconductivity problem we use combined computer method consisting of variation finite element method and method of finite differences.

Findings. As a result of the research, filling process of the gas cap essentially depends on filtration parameters of considering porous reservoir, its size and characteristic fiches of the filling origins. Filling gas cap velocity mainly determined by origins power and less depends on their sizes and quantity. In the subsequent stages of filling, the pressure gradually aligns in all reservoir places and then regularly increases.

Originality. Presented method has some advantages in comparison with other similar methods. It enables calculating different reservoir filtration parameters and using manifold boundary conditions.

Practical value. The obtained results allow making gas production process in gas-condensate reservoirs more effectively.
GEOLOGICAL FACULTY – 75 YEARS OLD!
Authors: Mykhailov V.
Published: August 2019

The history of the creation and development of the Geological Faculty (Educational-scientific "Institute of Geology") at the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv is briefly described, the development of the geological school of the University of Kyiv and its role in the creation of the National Academy of Sciences and the Geological Service of Ukraine are described. The structure of the Institute, personnel structure, directions and problems of preparation of higher education graduates at the present stage are considered. A significant role of scientific work in the educational process is shown, directions of such a work are outlined. The high level of preparation of students, their achievements in the educational and scientific spheres, participation in international educational structures, and the problems of employment are characterized. It is shown that the Institute carries out extensive international cooperation, conducts research and exploration work in many countries of the world, and teaching staff of the Institute is involved in lecturing at leading universities of the world. Thus, the Institute is a unique educational and scientific structure, where all educational specialties and specializations of the educational geological branch of Ukraine are presented, which is capable of ensuring the high quality and continuity of geological education starting with students of grades 9–10 (junior specialist) and ending with specialists of the highest level (candidates and doctors of sciences).
The Beginning and End of the Physical Personality in Dmitriy I. Meyer Works
Authors: Mikhailova I. A.
Published: August 2019

The article is devoted to the 200th anniversary of Dmitriy I. Meyer — the founder of the domestic science of civilistics and the author of the first textbook on civil law. The article deals with the peculiarities of Dmitriy I. Meyer personality and life path, in particular with his passion for Roman private law, which is reflected in his scientific and teaching activities. The paper justifies that it was he who fulfilled the historical mission of “transferring” the provisions developed by Roman jurists to the nascent domestic civilization. Also, the paper analyzes the methodical techniques used by Dmitriy Meyer in his teaching practice, the theoretical provisions relating to the determination of the moment of the emergence of civil legal capacity of individuals in connection with which the author rejects the appropriateness of associating this moment with the moment of conception, considers the legal status of newborns in accordance with the degree of their vitality and issues related to the enforcement of the right to life of preterm children in modern conditions in the context of their ability to survive in different States, characterizes the problems arising in the case of simultaneous death of two or more persons legally connected with each other and describes approaches to their resolution, analyzes Dmitriy Meyer’s views concerning the so-called civil (political) death, elucidates Dmitriy Meyer’s conclusions and proposals reflected in the current legislation of the Russian Federation including the child birth and death registration during the first week of life, as well as the alleged novels of inheritance law.
Dmitriy I. Meyer's Ideas and their Significance for Contemporary Legal Education
Authors: Arslanov K. M. , Demieva A. G.
Published: August 2019

The article is devoted to the analysis of the interrelationship between historical and traditional principles of Russian law and Russian legal education. The authors demonstrate the relevance of Prof. Dmitriy I. Meyer’s ideas for training future lawyers and modern legal education. The paper justifies the obligatory connection between the legal theory and practice in the learning process, which originates from Dmitriy Meyer’s understanding of a practice-oriented education. A legal clinic forms a necessary basis for the development of Dmitriy I. Meyer’s idea regarding the interrelationship between practical work and legal education. Dmitriy I. Meyer’s opinion concerning the dependence of the “measure of freedom” on the “legal views of the people that in turn are inextricably linked with the moral law, i.e. with the concepts of what is just and what is unjust,” is relevant for the development of modern client-oriented legal education. Dmitriy I. Meyer, as well as his contemporaries and followers, have drawn attention to the quality of normative texts, which is important due to the fact that law schools do not pay attention to such a specialization in legal education as a “norm-writer.” Today, the concept of combining practice and theory in training lawyers has become important, which requires reference to Dmitriy I. Meyer and other predecessors on the issue of combining theoretical and practical foundations in legal education. It is impossible to become a highly qualified specialist in the field of jurisprudence with a complex of necessary general cultural and professional competencies without the ability to resolve practical cases, without using theoretical knowledge in practice, without the corresponding knowledge of digital technologies in the field of jurisprudence, without the ability to write normative texts.