bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant activity of polyphenols and permissible values of glyphosate in artisanal wines from the Pisco Routes of the Ica Valley, Peru
Authors: Alvarado Angel T. , Martínez-Herrera Jorge , Surco-Laos Felipe , García Jorge A. , Bendezú María R. , Chávez Haydee , Laos-Anchante Doris , Cuba-García Pompeyo A. , Melgar-Merino Elizabeth J. , Molina-Cabrera Aura , Vega-Ramos Nelly , Loyola-Gonzales Eddie , Panay-Centeno Juan F. , Yarasca-Carlos Paulina Eliades , Pineda-Pérez Mario , Bolarte-Arteaga Mario , Pariona-Llanos Ricardo , Loja-Herrera Berta
Published: February 2025

The major production of artisanal and industrial wines is elaborate in the Ica Valley, Peru. The objective was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of polyphenols and permissible values of glyphosate in artisanal wines from the Pisco Routes of the Ica Valley, Peru. Samples: six coded artisanal wines and two commercial brands as references (60088 and 60089). Total polyphenol content (TPC) was found between 107.90 ± 0.30 (60091) and 234.73 ± 0.61 mg GAE/100 mL (60084); total flavonoid content (TFC) was between 9.70 ± 0.30 (60091) and 16.83 ± 0.25 mg QE/100 mL (60084). Antioxidant activity: DPPH between 34.9 ± 0.44 (60091) and 55.6 ± 0.30 mM TEAC/100 mL (60085). FRAP between 42.50 ± 0.36 (60091) and 117.3 ± 0.44 (60085). Correlation relationship: TPC/DPPH (mM TEAC/100 mL) for 60086 (r = 0.7302, R2 = 0.5332), 60091 (r = 0.8029, R2 = 0.6447), 60085 (r = -0.9820, R2 = 0.9643), and for the reference 60089 (r = -0.9960, R2 = 0.9932). TPC/FRAP (mM TEAC/100 mL) for 60086 (r = 0.8096, R2 = 0.6554); reference 60088 presents an inverse and strong correlation with a 100% relationship at a linear level of both variables. TFC/DPPH for 60085 (r = -1.0, R2 = 1.0), 60084 (r = -0.9934, R2 = 0.9868), and 60090 (r = 0.9586, R2 = 0.9190). TFC/FRAP for 60087 (r = -0.9798, R2 = 0.9601) and 60090 (r = 0.9750, R2 = 0.9506) is higher compared to the reference wines 60088 and 60089. It is concluded that the samples of artisanal wines have the same antioxidant activity that would be due to their polyphenolic and flavonoid compounds, and the glyphosate content is below the maximum permissible limit values (0.1 mg/L).
Two new species of the subgenus Indoribates (Haplozetes) (Acari, Oribatida, Haplozetidae) from Tajikistan
Authors: Liu Cheng-Lin , Dalatov Abdulaziz , Saidov Abdusattor , Chen Jun
Published: February 2025

Two new species of oribatid mites of the subgenus Indoribates (Haplozetes) (Oribatida, Haplozetidae) are described based on adult specimens from Tajikistan. Indoribates (Haplozetes) tajikistanensissp. nov. differs from I. (H.) vindobonensis by the position of the adanal lyrifissure and the shape of the saccule S2. Indoribates (Haplozetes) asetosussp. nov. differs from I. (H.) fusifer (Berlese, 1908) by the absence of φ on tibia IV and the shape of epimeral setae and adanal setae ad1-2; from I. (H.) triungulatus (Beck, 1964) it differs by the length of the interlamellar seta, adanal setae ad1-2 and tutorium, and the shape of notogastral seta. The genus Indoribates is recorded in Tajikistan for the first time.
Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment: A Narrative Review of the Comprehensive Screening and Detecting Process
Authors: Hwang Pauline J. , Fick Donna M.
Published: February 2025

Purpose

To examine screening procedures and tools for post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) to guide future practices and research.

Method

Searches in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar included articles from 2013 to 2023 focusing on individuals with first ever ischemic stroke and confirming PSCI within 1 year. Thematic analysis was synthesized narratively.

Results

Eight studies (two cross-sectional and six prospective cohorts) with 25,443 participants were reviewed. Screening for PSCI was typically performed within 3 to 6 months post-stroke. Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Mini-Mental State Examination were the most commonly used tools, but cutoff scores varied widely. Screening involved pre- and post-stroke cognitive screening and identifying risk factors.

Conclusion

Significant variability exists in PSCI assessment tools, cutoff, and timing. Further research is needed to standardize screening protocols, focusing on criteria, timing, accuracy, and feasibility. Early and repeated screening with risk management can improve PSCI prevention. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 51
(3), 19–27.]
My Voice: An Augmentative and Alternative Communication Android App for Children with Apraxia in Arab Countries
Authors: Sweidan Saadeh Z. , Abdel-Qader Aseel A. , Darabkh Khalid
Published: February 2025

Apraxia of speech (AOS) is a disorder that prevents people from talking. There is a need to develop different augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) tools to help people with AOS express themselves clearly to others. Most mobile apps dedicated to helping people with various disabilities don’t support the Arabic language, which makes them less effective for users in Arab countries. We present in this paper My Voice as an Android smartphone app that acts as an AAC tool for AOS children all around the world. In fact, this app has come to fill an obvious gap in this area of research. It supports both Arabic and English languages, allowing the users in Arabia to benefit from its features in a similar way to other users in other parts of the world. Moreover, the proposed app provides a user-friendly dashboard that can be used to convert written sentences into speech. It has three modes of communication, which are “keyboard,” “phrases,” and “words.” These modes give the user the choice to select the most intuitive method for constructing sentences. To evaluate our work, we have tested My Voice by asking a group of potential users to use it for a month and then fill out a 10-question survey. The feedback from the survey was very encouraging. As a future work, we plan to add new languages, present an iOS version, and include artificial intelligence (AI) techniques.
Digital Inclusion and Accessibility through Augmented Reality Mobile Technologies in Education: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chavez-Perez Juan , Iparraguirre-Villanueva Orlando
Published: February 2025

Augmented reality (AR) is emerging to revolutionize education through the simulation of environments, transforming traditional teaching methods. This systematic literature review (SLR) rigorously explores the factors that influence the digital inclusion and accessibility of augmented reality technologies in education during the period 2022–2024. To carry out the research, the guidelines proposed by the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) method were followed, ensuring consistency in the information collected. Four highly relevant databases were considered, such as Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and IEEE, taking into account suitability criteria, identifying 28 articles and 27 conferences in paper structure. The results show that 2023 was the year with the highest number of publications, with 45.45%. Also, among the prominent countries, India showed a remarkable predominance with 12.73% of manuscripts. In addition, the research showed that original articles accounted for 51%, highlighting their relevance over conferences. It is important to note that 72% of the manuscripts used for this review correspond to a quantitative approach, 16% to a qualitative approach, and 12% to a mixed approach. Finally, it is concluded that the study allowed us to contrast the difficulties faced by educational institutions in integrating RA, considering the scope and relevant aspects in research aligned to the object of discussion.
The Role of Mobile Education Technology in Promoting Personalized Learning in Higher Education
Authors: Sun Shaofang , Fu Yu
Published: February 2025

With the continuous development of information technology, mobile education technology has gradually gained widespread application in higher education, driving the realization of personalized learning. Personalized learning aims to provide customized learning content and methods based on students’ individual needs, interests, and learning progress, making it an important trend in modern education. However, the challenge of accurately recommending the most suitable learning resources to students through technological means remains a key research issue. In recent years, researchers have proposed various personalized learning recommendation systems, but most studies have not fully explored the complex correlations and nonlinear features in students’ learning behaviors, resulting in suboptimal recommendation accuracy and adaptability. Graph neural networks (GNNs), as an emerging deep learning method, have demonstrated superior performance in multiple fields due to its powerful capability to model node relationships. Personalized recommendation systems based on GNN can effectively capture interactions among learners and complex learning needs, offering more precise recommendations for learning resources. This paper aims to explore how lightweight GNN techniques can enhance the performance of personalized learning recommendation systems in higher education. Specifically, the paper is divided into two parts: first, it discusses the personalized learning recommendation problem based on lightweight GNNs, analyzing the limitations and challenges of existing research; second, it designs a personalized learning recommendation model based on lightweight GNNs and proposes corresponding optimization strategies. This study aims to provide a new solution for personalized learning in higher education, advancing the application and development of educational technology.
Imprensa angolana, portuguesa e mundial sobre o 25 de Abril de 1974 na coleção de recortes da Companhia Angolana de Diamantes (Diamang) (1974-1975)
Authors: Silva Ana Margarida Dias da , Varanda Jorge , Steffen Amanda Soares , Freitas Helena
Published: February 2025

Através do mapeamento dos jornais e recortes de imprensa angolanos, portugueses e internacionais ocidentais existentes no arquivo da Companhia de Diamantes de Angola (Diamang), é possível, por triangulação, comparar os discursos da metrópole, do Sul e ocidentais sobre a Revolução de 25 de Abril de 1974. A coleção de clipping feita pela Secção de Relações Públicas da Companhia é uma lente ideal para melhor compreender como a Revolução dos Cravos foi vivida noutras latitudes, pois a memória coletiva do 25 de Abril de 1974 tem sido feita do ponto de vista de Portugal, esquecendo as especificidades dos contextos locais.
“A fome reinava-lhes em casa, mas a revolução reinava-lhes na cabeça”: ocupações, greves e conflitos laborais de operárias durante o PREC (1974-1975)
Authors: Cabreira Pâmela Peres
Published: February 2025

O presente artigo tem por objetivo discutir e problematizar a história de milhares de mulheres operárias enquanto agentes ativas deste período, que lutaram pelo direito ao trabalho e por melhores condições de vida durante o Processo Revolucionário em Curso (PREC) em Portugal, de abril de 1974 a novembro de 1975. Metodologicamente, para esta apreciação, optamos pelo uso de fontes primárias, nomeadamente jornais, panfletos, comunicados e jornais de fábricas – não se tratando, portanto, de “fontes-oficiais”, mas sim de fontes divergentes.
Demarcar o material: práticas comemorativas, memória e o 25 de Abril, cinquenta anos depois
Authors: Vedana Angélica
Published: February 2025

Meio século após a Revolução de Abril, um extenso mecanismo de práticas comemorativas constrói-se à volta desta memória. Considerando que a administração da memória ocorre também pela inclusão oficial de eventos históricos no calendário, percebe-se o feriado nacional de 25 de Abril como uma construção contínua do passado na esfera pública, originada no presente. Nesse sentido, o artigo pretende refletir sobre o potencial das comemorações públicas do 25 de Abril como instrumentos simbólicos para a concretização de políticas de memória. Ele tem como ponto de partida a homenagem realizada em abril de 2024 aos quatro indivíduos assassinados pela PIDE/DGS no dia 25 de Abril de 1974. A partir disto, o olhar reflexivo acerca do terreno etnográfico deste evento pretende abrir caminhos para pensarmos outras duas iniciativas de memorialização ocorridas no mês de março deste mesmo ano. Desta forma, tenciona-se pensar as comemorações como políticas públicas de memórias e perceber de que forma estes instrumentos de memorialização contribuem para a materialização de celebrações do passado.
A difusão da gripe espanhola em Moçambique, 1918-1919
Authors: Machele Júlio
Published: February 2025

Moçambique, então colónia de Portugal, foi afetado pela gripe espanhola a partir de outubro de 1918. Esta pandemia chegou importada da África do Sul e Rodésia do Sul em meados de outubro. O surto dá se numa altura em que ainda decorriam as hostilidades militares decorrente do envolvimento de Portugal na Grande Guerra no centro e norte de Moçambique contra as tropas alemãs. A difusão da gripe espanhola foi facilitada e acelerada pela colonização e modernização com destaque para a movimentação de pessoas com o transporte ferroviário e marítimo aliado a concentração de pessoas em eventos públicos e privados e fraca vigilância epidemiológica.
Which TEI Representation for the Output of Automatic Transcriptions and Their Metadata? An Illustrated Proposition
Authors: Scheithauer Hugo , Chagué Alix , Romary Laurent
Published: February 2025

The recent and fast development of automatic transcription software is accompanied by a growing heterogeneity of formats to save their output. TEI P5 can help to simplify workflows and bring more coherence into digitization pipelines. We present a twofold modelization in TEI which brings essential information resulting from the transcription phase together with the editorial layers. The usefulness of this modelization is illustrated with several examples showing how such an approach can be leveraged at different stages of a digitization process.
Lessons from the Classroom: MEI for Data Scientists
Authors: Freedman Richard , Russo-Batterham Daniel
Published: February 2025

Many data science and computer science students today are familiar with JSON, and may even have worked with APIs to extract data from the web. Ask about XML,1 however, let alone TEI or MEI, and you are often met with quizzical looks. Yet XML files contain much information that can be productively analyzed with modern data science tools, so training students to leverage these materials is a worthwhile endeavor. The article shows some of the methods we use to help students understand XML as a hierarchical network of elements, how to traverse this network in search of relevant data, and how to harvest XML elements and attributes as tabular data for further analysis. It also reflects on some of the larger lessons learned through all of this work, as students were encouraged to consider the implications of representing the same knowledge in different ways, or what is gained or lost in the transformation of that knowledge from one representation to another.
Luiz Antônio Marcuschi, grandiosamente, Marcuschi
Authors: Dionisio Angela Paiva
Published: February 2025

Ensaio escrito por Angela Paica Dionisio em homenagem  a "Luiz Antônio Marcuschi, grandiosamente, Marcuschi".
Oralidade e letramento no ensino superior: dimensões e usos do gênero seminário
Authors: Cavalheiro Juciane , Pereira Andreatta Elaine , Maria Nobre Tomás Lorena
Published: February 2025

Este artigo objetiva investigar as práticas de oralidade e a presença dos gêneros orais na esfera acadêmica. Para tanto, retomamos conceitos já consolidados e que fundamentam este trabalho, conforme propostos por Bakhtin (2016), Marcuschi (2001, 2005, 2008a, 2008b, 2020), Dolz e Schneuwly (2004), entre outros. Com base nesse aporte teórico, refletimos sobre o currículo construído na formação de professores de Língua Portuguesa, em uma instituição superior. Na sequência, propomos um modelo didático do gênero oral seminário acadêmico, visto que, apesar de ele ser um dos gêneros orais mais praticados na esfera acadêmica, ainda é frequentemente trabalhado de forma intuitiva. Por fim, trazemos uma experiência de trabalho com o gênero seminário com licenciandos do curso de Letras da mesma instituição. A análise do currículo indicou avanços quanto ao estudo e o tratamento didático da oralidade. No entanto, o trabalho sistemático de gêneros orais ainda é pouco explorado no documento. A experiência com os alunos evidenciou que o gênero oral seminário precisa ser concebido como uma atividade de oralidade, que envolve letramentos, pois é realizado na interface leitura e escrita e faz uso de vários recursos semióticos.
Ensino da oralidade a um estudante autista: implementação de uma sequência de atividades com o gênero textual entrevista
Authors: Santana Dayanna de Paula Mariani dos Santos , Jovelina Storto Letícia , Araújo Roberta Negrão de
Published: February 2025

Este artigo é um recorte de uma pesquisa-ação, de natureza qualitativa, desenvolvida em um programa stricto sensu. Teve como objetivo geral desenvolver a comunicação de estudantes com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) em contexto de interação verbal mediada por perguntas, utilizando o gênero textual oral entrevista. O objetivo propositivo foi elaborar e implementar uma sequência de atividades para o ensino da Língua Portuguesa a um aluno autista com comunicação verbal, na Sala de Recursos Multifuncionais (SRM). O referencial teórico fundamenta-se em estudos da Análise da Conversação e da Linguística Textual, especialmente nos trabalhos de Luiz Antônio Marcuschi. O caderno elaborado, contendo uma sequência de atividades com interações discursivas e estratégias de fala e escuta para criança com TEA, teve como objetivo auxiliar práticas educacionais inclusivas e foi implementado junto a dois escolares, sendo que o estudante autista verbal (nível 1 de suporte) é o sujeito de pesquisa. Ao trabalhar com os interesses do hiperfoco do estudante e com atividades lúdicas, ele participou ativamente e passou a respeitar os turnos de fala dos integrantes e a responder adequadamente as perguntas que lhe eram feitas.
(Re)Textualização de Materiais Didáticos para uma Proposta de Educação Científica
Authors: Mendes Jaquelene , Rodrigues Silva Wagner
Published: February 2025

Este artigo explora o processo de (re)textualização de Vídeos Didáticos (VD) a partir de Textos Didáticos (TD), desenvolvidos no contexto do LabGram, uma plataforma criada para apoiar a prática da Educação Científica, utilizável em escolas brasileiras. Com base na Pesquisa Baseada em Design (PBD), o estudo tem como objetivo criar materiais multimodais que promovam o ensino de gramática nas aulas de Língua Portuguesa para estudantes da educação básica. Os estudos de Marcuschi foram fundamentais para sustentar teoricamente a criação de gêneros emergentes, que conectam teoria e prática de forma dinâmica e interativa. A metodologia PBD permitiu uma abordagem interventiva e colaborativa, resultando na concepção de VD que ampliam o uso dos TD por meio de recursos multimodais. Os resultados indicam que a retextualização desses materiais didáticos contribui para um estudo de gramática mais significativo, acessível e inovador.
A programabilidade do eixo oralidade na Base Nacional Comum Curricular e na Proposta Curricular do Estado da Paraíba:
Authors: Do Nascimento Antonio Naéliton , Lino de Araújo Denise
Published: February 2025

Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar as (des)continuidades apresentadas na (re)organização didática (programabilidade) do eixo oralidade em dois documentos: na Base Nacional Comum Curricular – BNCC (Brasil, 2018) e na Proposta Curricular do Estado da Paraíba – PCEP (Paraíba, 2018), ambos referentes ao ensino fundamental (8º e 9º anos). Metodologicamente, trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, do tipo documental e situado no campo aplicado dos estudos da linguagem. Teoricamente, nos filiamos a três eixos de estudos, a saber: os Estudos sobre Currículo enquanto campo e objeto (Lopes; Macedo, 2011; Silva, 2005, 2006); Estudos sobre Transposição Didática, entre conceituações e interfaces teóricas (Chevallard, 1991, 2013; Petitjean, 2008; Leite, 2004); e Estudos sobre Oralidade enquanto objeto e estudo e de ensino (Leal; Gois, 2012; Magalhães, 2007; Marcuschi, 2001, 2008), dentre outros autores. Os resultados indicam, a partir da comparação dos documentos supracitados, que o processo de transposição didática operou transformações diversas: movimentos de mixagem, sumarização, paráfrases e redistribuição. Esse processo rizomático que atravessa o currículo nacional e o paraibano revela uma programabilidade difusa em ambos, fator que pode ser um aliado e, ao mesmo tempo, um complicador para o professor, o principal interlocutor desses documentos.
Contributo para a história do ensino da oralidade do ponto de vista dos documentos programáticos: de 1921 a 2018
Authors: Marques Carla
Published: February 2025

O artigo procede a um análise dos documentos programáticos para o ensino do português, em vigor entre 1921 e 2018, com o objetivo de descrever o percurso evolutivo do ensino da oralidade em Portugal, com enfoque na conceção da função social atribuída à modalidade oral e nos conteúdos associados ao seu ensino. O estudo é realizado tendo como quadro contributos do Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo para a definição de género (Bronckart, 1996) e o conceito de ensino da oralidade em contexto escolar (Marcuschi, 2020, 2010, 1997a, 1997b; Dolz, 2009) e será dividido em dois momentos: o primeiro corresponde ao período entre 1921 e 1968 e o segundo ao período a partir de 1974 até 2018. Conclui-se, por meio da análise documental, que a oralidade foi secundarizada ao longo de um extenso período, situação que só se alterou a partir dos finais do século XX, o que se terá devido às orientações políticas vigentes e também à falta de investigação nesta área. Constata-se ainda que só a partir do século XXI, os programas começam gradualmente sofrer alterações passando a explicitar conteúdos ensináveis do campo da oralidade.
Corporate Metaverse Adoption
Authors: Kohli Sahil
Published: February 2025

This chapter examines Accenture's implementation of the Nth Floor, a pioneering enterprise metaverse platform that has transformed corporate training and onboarding processes. Through detailed analysis of quantitative and qualitative outcomes, the chapter explores how Accenture successfully deployed virtual reality technology across its global workforce of 700,000 employees, resulting in the onboarding of 150,000 new hires and deployment of 60,000 VR headsets. The study investigates the strategic planning, technical architecture, and change management approaches that contributed to achieving a 33% improvement in learning retention and a 4.7/5 employee satisfaction rating. The chapter provides comprehensive insights into implementation challenges, success factors, and best practices for organizations considering similar digital transformation initiatives. Additionally, the research examines the platform's impact on global collaboration, organizational culture, and operational efficiency, while identifying future implications and research directions for enterprise metaverse adoption.
Unstrapping AI and ML in the Ethical and Legal Implications of E-Business Transformation
Authors: Singh Bhupinder , Wongmahesak Kittisak , Chandra Saurabh
Published: February 2025

E-business is changing quickly, pushed by artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), enabling new efficiencies and growth. With this evolution, however, comes lingering ethical and legal vulnerabilities specifically at the level of consumer privacy and security. As personalised experiences are developed, AI and ML algorithms must focus on breaking down silos, which will inadvertently expose greater amounts of sensitive information that is susceptible to cyberattacks or pathway into a data breach or fraud. This chapter comprehensively explores the concerns of consumer privacy-security in era of digital disruption with AI and ML in the ethical and legal implications of e-business transformation.
Remote Patient Monitoring and Telemedicine
Authors: Sharma Aashna , Jain Vishal
Published: February 2025

The combination of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IOT) has paved the way for advancements in remote patient management (RPM) and telemedicine, which have dramatically changed healthcare delivery in the regulatory, epidemic context of the response Remote disease monitoring uses connected devices such as wearable sensors, mobile applications and cloud-based platforms to collect and distribute patient health information in real time. Prevention and helps reduce hospitalizations and readmissions. Moreover, continuous information enhances the ability to personalize treatment plans, improving patient outcomes and satisfaction. Telemedicine, on the other hand, encompasses a wide range of services such as remote consultation, diagnosis and treatment through telecommunication technologies. It enables healthcare providers to communicate with patients across geographic barriers, streamlining healthcare delivery, in particular in underserved and rural areas.
AI and Robotics in Smart City Governance
Authors: Raghav Anjali , Singh Bhupinder , Raghav Richa , Edina Kozma Dorottya
Published: February 2025

Smart city management is being transformed through the incorporation of ML and robotics, which increase efficiency and sustainability as well as strengthen public services. Transformation is accompanied by vast ethical, legal, and policy challenges. ML-based applications for making decisions and autonomous robotic systems raise issues related to data privacy, security, and algorithmic bias that require a structured regulatory framework. The ethical dilemma comes from the balance between automation and human involvement, transparency, and disruption of socioeconomic inequalities. AI systems will allow a level of complexity and responsiveness that has not been possible until now and, indeed, will be a part of the smart urban infrastructure of the future. This chapter analyzes the multifaceted implications of ML and robotics on urban governance with clear policy recommendations to realize equitable, secure, and sustainable smart cities.
Integration of Autonomous Traffic Systems for Urban Mobility and Urban Planning
Authors: Chandra Saurabh
Published: February 2025

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) hold the potential to disrupt transportation in urban areas, delivering significant benefits including increased safety, mobility efficiency, and sustainability. This chapter looks at the implications AV technology has on urban planning and development as a whole with a closer look at potential safety concerns, issues of cyber security and the require for strong regulatory frameworks in the face of fast-paced change. It emphasizes the need for safety by design principles and robust verification practices to ascertain the reliability of AV systems. The chapter takes account of cybersecurity threats due to malware and data privacy issues stemming from mass data acquisition that is part of AV functionality. This explores different approaches to integrating AVs into the urban ecosystem while highlighting the importance of public-private partnerships and community involvement in building trust and acceptance.
Smart Cities Ahead
Authors: Lal Sahil , Wongmahesak Kittisak , Arora Manmeet Kaur , Kaunert Christian , Singh Bhupinder
Published: February 2025

This chapter examines how machine learning (ML) algorithms and robotics could help redesign cities for a future through policies and regulatory approaches. With rapid urbanization, environmental sustainability, and resource constraints emerging as pressing challenges for cities, the adoption of technology-enabled solutions can significantly improve the management of urbanization, resulting in an improved quality of life in cities. The chapter surveys existing policies on smart city initiatives, analyses regulatory challenges around data privacy and algorithmic bias, and compares approaches to smart city governance across countries. If properly implemented, ML and robotics can contribute to effective allocation of resources, service delivery and citizen engagement, as illustrated with successful case studies. It also sheds light on the lessons learned from failed initiatives, pointing to the importance of inclusive policymaking and strong data governance frameworks.
Examining the Spectrum of Artificial Intelligence Failures
Authors: Ahmad Anam , Ben Mimoun Mohamed Slim , El-Gohary Hatem
Published: February 2025

Artificial Intelligence AI is increasingly becoming a foundation of competitive planning for contemporary organizations. However, even though the implementation of AI in organizations is a critical intervention that can unlock new forms of value, many of these implementations do not meet the expected outcomes. They may result in substantial financial, operational, and reputational negative consequences. This systematic literature review starts with a sample of 3104 articles from well-reputed journals published between 2010-2024. It aims to examine several questions that surround the occurrence of AI failure in organizations: the reasons behind those failures, the categories of the failures, and the disciplinary areas of the failures. Moreover, customers', employees', and management's points of view are considered in the review to extrapolate the potential consequences of the failure of AI systems. The result demonstrates that the AI breakdown often results from a mixture of technology, organization, and people problems and that different industries exhibit diverce types of failures.
Healthcare workers' readiness and training needs in server and network management for electronic medical record systems
Authors: Gamage Piyumi
Published: February 2025

Background: Sri Lanka's health system is undergoing digital transformation, with the advent of electronic medical records (EMR). Effective server and network management is vital for sustaining EMR systems. A workshop on server and network management was tailor made to meet the training needs of participants with varying skills and readiness levels.  Objective: This study aimed to assess readiness and attitudes towards handling the IT infrastructure that supports EMR systems Methods: A web-based questionnaire including multiple-choice questions, Likert scales and open-ended responses was used for this operational research activity on server and network management within the capacity building programme of the health information unit in collaboration with ICTA for hospital staff working as focal points for EMR implementation. Data was collected anonymously and analysed using descriptive statistics to identify trends. Results: Thirty-one healthcare workers from seven districts participated, including healthcare assistants (N=31,32.3%), other staff (22.6%), Development Officers (19.4%), and ICT officers (12.9%). While 96.8% had computer access and internet at work, only 48.4% felt comfortable using computers. In terms of EMR usage, 61.3% had prior experience. Key concerns were technical issues (61.3%) and lack of training (64.5%). Knowledge of server and network management was rated as moderate by 48.4% and 45.2%, respectively. Most (74.2%) requested onsite hands-on training, and 54.8% sought online resources. Overall, 61.3% rated the workshop as highly valuable. Conclusions: Participants showed willingness to adopt new systems and identified their training needs in technical support for server and network management, highlighting the importance of targeted training to enhance IT system management and support EMR implementation to sustain digital health initiatives.
An alternative perspective on triage systems: the Progressive Real-world Optimization of Triage System (PROGRESS) study
Authors: Zaboli Arian , Brigo Francesco , Sibilio Serena , Brigiari Gloria , Massar Magdalena , Pfeifer Norbert , Parodi Marta , Rella Eleonora , Turcato Gianni
Published: February 2025

Triage systems have remained largely unchanged since the 1990s and rely on expert consensus, with no single system consistently outperforming others in accurately identifying critically ill or urgent patients. This study aimed to determine whether incorporating additional tools improves the predictive accuracy of the Manchester Triage System (MTS). A prospective, monocentric study was conducted at Merano Hospital (Italy) from June 1st to December 31st, 2023. A triage nurse and two ED physicians assigned patient priorities. The cohort was split for model derivation and validation. An ordinal logistic regression model was developed using MTS, the National Early Warning Score, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index, then tested on a validation cohort, bootstrapped to 5000 cases. Of the 1270 patients enrolled, 821 were in the derivation cohort and 449 in the validation cohort. The model outperformed MTS alone in most outcomes, except for predicting death at 72 hours and 7 days. Decision Curve Analysis confirmed its superiority in identifying urgent cases. Integrating multiple tools into triage models can enhance their performance, improving patient prioritization accuracy.
Evaluating learning methods to improve pharmacy students’ retention of nonsterile compounding skills
Authors: Cordero Karina Mendez , Chau Cindy Ngoc , Brand Damianne , Ahmed Ayesha Rahman
Published: February 2025

Background:

Compounding pharmacy is an essential component of pharmaceutical practice. With the implementation of compounding pharmacy, therapeutic needs are being met for prescriptions, including patients allergic to a specific excipient, adjusted weight-based dosing for pediatric patients, and medications for orphan drugs. This study provides students with the tools and knowledge necessary for compounding and to track the retention of compounding skills along with their performance based on their prior pharmacy experience.

Methods:

Continued exposure to compounding skills and strategies was provided as part of a compounding lab curriculum to enhance learners’ retention and compounding accuracy. The compounding lab course provided the understanding required to develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills for preparing patient-individualized medications, tracking learners’ performance in assignment retention weekly, and improving the lab course’s preclass, in-class, and logistical aspects.

Results:

Team-based learning during an in-class hands-on experience was used to evaluate the impact and performance of learners in a compounding lab. The learners provided feedback and responded to a self-reflection survey that clarified their perspectives regarding pedagogy change and their confidence in preparing compounding medications and working with the assigned worksheets. Learners’ engagement, performance, and retention were analyzed using assignment competency scores and active participation. They either agreed or strongly agreed that the compounding lab was enjoyable with weekly product practice, and created a conducive learning environment, improved their perceived knowledge, communication skills, and confidence. The average attendance score was 100% in the lab-based setting.

Conclusion:

The findings will help prepare future students for the North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination and real-life applications by providing different scenarios for applying the knowledge acquired each week during the hands-on experience of the compounding lab. Additional studies should be conducted to quantify student engagement and active attendance in similar courses.
In vitro Investigation of Radiotherapy along with Gemcitabine Loaded PEG Gold Nanoparticles Against MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Salarvand Ali , Shanei Ahmad , Hejazi Seyed Hossein , Abedi Iraj , Kakhki Neda Attaran
Published: February 2025

Background:

Breast cancer is one of the major causes of cancer death in women. Usually, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are commonly used in the treatment of breast cancer, but these methods have significant side effects and low survival rates. By developing combination therapies, side effects can be reduced so that therapeutic efficacy is maintained. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy using combined gem and gold nanoparticle for the treatment of breast cancer.

Materials and Methods:

In this study, PEGylated gold nanoparticles (PEG-GNPs) were synthesized and loaded with an anticancer agent, gemcitabine (Gem-PEG-GNPs). Then, GNPs, PEG-GNPs, and Gem-PEG-GNPs were investigated using several techniques, including UV-Vis, FTIR, DLS, and TEM analysis. After that, the efficacy of the synthesized nanoparticles for chemoradiotherapy was evaluated through in vitro experiments.

Results:

The prepared Gem-PEG-GNPs act as radiosensitizers and nanocarrier, which increases the effectiveness of radio chemotherapy and reduces side effects. Combining Gem-PEG-GNPs with X-ray irradiation increased apoptosis and decreased survival rates of MCF-7 cells. When Gem-PEG-GNPs and radiation were combined, a significant synergistic effect was observed compared to the effect of radiation alone.

Conclusion:

Gem-PEG-GNPs can have the potential of an effective and radiosensitizing drug delivery agent against breast cancer therapeutics.
Predictability of Lifetime Nonsuicidal Self-injury by Symptoms of Sleep Disorders Using a Neural Network Model
Authors: Rezaei Shakiba , Chehri Azita , Hosseini Saeede Sadat , Arefi Mokhtar , Amiri Hassan
Published: February 2025

Background:

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), which pertains to self-induced actions that cause harm to the body, comprises repetitive, intentional, and direct actions that do not adhere to social norms and expectations. The present study aimed to predict NSSI by sleep disorders (poor sleep quality, insomnia severity, risk of sleep apnea, and circadian rhythms) utilizing a neural network model

Methods:

Using a multi-stage cluster sampling, a group of 400 health-care personnel (70% female, aged 32.5 ± 8.8 years) from the western region of Iran was selected. The subjects completed the Inventory of Statements about Self-Injury, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Berlin Questionnaire, Insomnia Severity Index, and Munich Chronotype Questionnaire. The neural network model and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to examine the association between sleep disorders and NSSI

Results:

The use of a neural network architecture resulted in the discovery of a single hidden layer containing three hidden units. Both training and testing models predicted more than 85% of cases with NSSI correctly. The results of area under the ROC curve were completely acceptable (0.834). The findings suggest that the severity of insomnia (0.418) and poor sleep quality (0.333) serve as potent indicators associated with both subgroups, with normalized importance values ranging from 80% to 100%

Conclusion:

The neural network algorithm can be effectively employed in predicting NSSI by several sleep disorders. Future research can test the complexity of sleep disorders connected to NSSI comorbid with other psychiatric conditions.
Treatment of Vitiligo Associated Eyebrow and Eyelash Leukotrichia - A Systematic Review of Existing Information
Authors: Biswas Kaberi , Kaliyadan Feroze
Published: February 2025

Background:

Vitiligo in hair bearing areas, especially segmental vitiligo, is frequently associated with leukotrichia. Leukotrichia, in general, is considered a predictor of unsatisfactory response to conventional treatment methods like phototherapy. This review aims to systematically review various available treatment options in patients with eyebrow and eyelash leukotrichia and assess the response to these therapeutic modalities.

Materials and Methods:

Articles were searched using the keywords “eyelid”, “eyelash”, “leukotrichia”, either singly or combined. The databases searched include Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Science Direct. The strategy was to include studies in which any therapeutic modalities were undertaken for treatment of eyelash or eyebrow leukotrichia.

Results:

After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, this review included 15 studies. There was a positive response to the surgical treatment options for eyebrow and eyelash leukotrichia. Topical tofacitinib has emerged as a promising new therapeutic option, but further studies are needed to establish its efficacy.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, there are several treatment options for eyebrow and eyelash leukotrichia. However, further studies are needed to better understand their efficacy and optimal applications.
Targeted Filaggrin Gene (FLG) Sequencing: A Pilot Study among Indian Children with Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Somasundaram Arun , Chiramel Minu Jose , Chapla Aaron , Sathishkumar Dharshini , Athiyarath Rekha , Mathew Lydia , Danda Sumita
Published: February 2025

Background:

Filaggrin deficiency causes early-onset atopic dermatitis (AD), extrinsic AD, persistent and severe disease, palmoplantar hyper linearity, keratosis pilaris, and increased risk of hand eczema. There is a paucity of data on the prevalence and types of variation in the filaggrin gene (FLG) in the Indian population.

Aim and Objectives:

To study the prevalence and characteristics of filaggrin mutations in Indian children affected with AD and to attempt a genotype-phenotype correlation.

Materials and Methods:

A pilot study was done among Indian children with AD aged 4-16 years, attending the Pediatric Dermatology outpatient department between February and September 2022 (7 months). Long-range polymerase chain reaction target enrichment and next-generation sequencing were used to sequence the complete FLG gene from peripheral blood samples. The identified variants were analyzed and categorized.

Results:

Among the 30 recruited children with AD, 28 genetic variants in exon 3 of FLG were found in 19 (63%) patients. These variants were classified as pathogenic (6, 21.4%), likely pathogenic (3, 10.7%), benign (16, 57.1%), and variant of uncertain significance (3, 10.7%). Among the 9 significant variants, 4 (45%) were novel. Although the patients with filaggrin variants had a higher prevalence of positive family history of atopy, other allergic diseases in the child, higher IgE levels, and a higher percentage of severe AD, the difference was not statistically significant.

Limitation:

Small sample size.

Conclusion:

Significant FLG null variants were identified in 23% (among which 45% were novel) of Indian children with AD. The spectrum of identified variants did not reflect the known FLG hotspots from other ethnicities, indicating the need for larger studies to determine the relevant hotspots in the Indian population.
Comparison of Safety and Efficacy of Topical Mometasone 0.1% Ointment, Calcipotriol 0.005% Ointment, and Tacrolimus 0.1% Ointment in Patients with Localized Alopecia Areata: A Triple-Arm Randomized Clinical Study
Authors: Begum Farheen , Mishra Sasmita , Jena Ajaya K. , Panda Maitreyee
Published: February 2025

Background:

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune, T-cell-mediated disorder manifesting as non-scarring alopecia. Treatment consists of corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, prostaglandin analogs, minoxidil, anthralin, vitamin D analogs, and JAK STAT inhibitors. Despite several treatment options, personal opinions regarding the safety and efficacy of a particular treatment are highly variable. This has led the management of AA to be quite challenging.

Aim:

To compare the efficacy and safety between the three molecules, namely mometasone 0.1% ointment, calcipotriol 0.005% ointment, and tacrolimus 0.1% ointment, in localized AA.

Patients and Methods:

Patients were randomized into three groups, and topical medications were dispensed for each group in unlabeled tubes. Lesional photographs, dermoscopic images, Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) scoring, hair pull test, and Dermatology Life Quality Index questionnaires were done at the baseline visit and at every follow-up visit at 4 weeks and 8 weeks from the baseline visit.

Results:

At the end of 8 weeks, both mometasone and calcipotriol groups had a significant decrease in their SALT scores (<0.001), but the tacrolimus group did not show any significant change in parameters at the end of the study.

Limitations:

The main drawback is that there was no control group and the vehicle dispensed was ointment formulation, which may have penetration issues. The lack of long-term follow-up is also a limitation of this study.

Conclusion:

Both mometasone and calcipotriol formulations were found to be effective in the treatment of localized stable AA; however, calcipotriol preparation was associated with minimal side effects.
Clinical Manifestations of Lymphatic Filariasis and Practice of Vector Control Measures after 15 Years of Mass Drug Administration: A Rapid Epidemiological Study from Odisha
Authors: Azhar S M , Devi Shyama , Patro Binod Kumar , Panigrahi Sasmita , Jose Sam , Jacob Jaison , Issac Alwin , Stephen Shine
Published: February 2025

Background:

Lymphatic filariasis (LF), a neglected tropical disease, is one of the main cause of lifelong disability worldwide. The objective was to estimate the prevalence of clinical manifestations of LF, the rural population’s practise of vector control methods, and their compliance with mass drug administration (MDA) and its obstacles.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1226 individuals from three villages under Andharua subcenter, Odisha. The data were collected by a systematic random sampling method using a structured questionnaire, check list, physical examination, and filariasis test strip.

Results:

Of the 1226 participants, 54.2% were female and 67.6% belonged to the 15–59 age range. Fifty-seven individuals (4.7%) exhibit clinical signs of LF. Among them, leg lymphoedema (3.3%), hand lymphedema (0.7%), elephantiasis (0.7%), and hydrocele (0.6%) were noted, and two exhibited circulating filarial antigen positive. 40.4% have Grade I, and 10.5% have Grade IV lymphoedema. 46.1% of study participants had taken the medications during MDA. The disease was associated with factors such as belonging to the below poverty line group (OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.12-3.445), working in agriculture (OR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.2-4.27), and having a low vector control practise score (OR = 7.03, 95% CI = 1.09-187.7). The majority of individuals with the disease’s clinical manifestations reported experiencing social stigma at work (Relative Important Index, RII: 0.53), which was followed by issues when attending social activities (RII: 0.43).

Conclusion:

The research indicates that the disease is more common in the study locations, which calls for stricter control measures and to promote MDA programme compliance.