bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supported and Non-Supported Ruthenium(II)/Phosphine/[3-(2-Aminoethyl)aminopropyl]trimethoxysilane Complexes and Their Activities in the Chemoselective Hydrogenation of trans-4-Phenyl-3-butene-2-al
Authors: Warad Ismail
Published: June 2010

Syntheses of four new ruthenium(II) complexes of the [RuCl2(P)2(N)2] type using 2-(diphenylphosphino)ethyl methyl ether (P~O) as ether-phosphine and triphenylphosphine (PPh3) as monodentate phosphine ligands in the presence of [3-(2-aminoethyl)aminopropyl]trimethoxysilane as diamine co-ligand are presented for the first time. The reactions were conducted at room temperature and under an inert atmosphere. Due to the presence of the trimethoxysilane group in the backbone of complexes 1 and 2 they were subjected to an immobilization process using the sol-gel technique in the presence of tetraethoxysilane as cross-linker. The structural behavior of the phosphine ligands in the desired complexes during synthesis were monitored by 31P{1H}-NMR. Desired complexes were deduced from elemental analyses, Infrared, FAB-MS and 1H-, 13C- and 31P-NMR spectroscopy, xerogels X1 and X2 were subjected to solid state, 13C-, 29Si- and 31P-NMR spectroscopy, Infrared and EXAF. These complexes served as hydrogenation catalysts in homogenous and heterogeneous phases, and chemoselective hydrogenation of the carbonyl function group in trans-4-phenyl-3-butene-2-al was successfully carried out under mild basic conditions.
Oil-in-water food emulsions stabilized by tuna proteins
Authors: Ruiz-Márquez D. , Partal P. , Franco J. M. , Gallegos C.
Published: June 2010

This work is focused on the development of o/w salad dressing-type emulsions stabilized by tuna proteins. The influence of protein conservation methods after the extraction process (freezing or liofilization) on the rheological properties and microstructure of these emulsions was analyzed. Processing variables during emulsification were also evaluated. Stable emulsions with adequate rheological and microstructural characteristics were prepared using 70% oil and 0.50% tuna proteins. From the experimental results obtained, we may conclude that emulsion rheological properties are not significantly affected by the protein conservation method selected. On the contrary, an increase in homogenization speed favours an increase in the values of the linear viscoelastic functions. Less significant is the fact that as agitation speed increases further, mean droplet size steadily decreases.
Optimizing User Quality of Experience through Overlay Routing, Bandwidth Management and Dynamic Trans-Coding
Authors: Wijnants Maarten , Lamotte Wim , De Vleeschauwer Bart , De Turck Filip , Dhoedt Bart , Demeester Piet , Lambert Peter , Van de Walle Dieter , De Cock Jan , Notebaert Stijn , Van de Walle Rik
Published: June 2010

Accessing multimedia services via fixed and wireless networks has become common practice. These services are typically much more sensitive to packet loss, delay and/or congestion than traditional services. In particular, multimedia data is often time critical and, as a result, network issues are not well tolerated and significantly deteriorate the user’s Quality of Experience (QoE). Therefore, the authors propose a QoE optimization platform that is able to mitigate problems that might occur at any location in the delivery path from service provider to customer. More specifically, the distributed architecture supports overlay routing to circumvent erratic parts of the network core. In addition, it comprises proxy components that realize last mile optimization through automatic bandwidth management and the application of processing on multimedia flows. This paper introduces a trans-coding service for this proxy component which enables the transformation of H.264/AVC video flows to an arbitrary bitrate. Through representative experimental results, the authors illustrate how this addition enhances the QoE optimization capabilities of the proposed platform by allowing the proxy component to compute more flexible and effective bandwidth distributions.
The Current State of Analytics in the Corporation
Authors: Coghlan Thomas , Diehl George , Karson Eric , Liberatore Matthew , Luo Wenhong , Nydick Robert , Pollack-Johnson Bruce , Wagner William
Published: June 2010

Business intelligence and analytics in general are currently experiencing a resurgence in interest from both the business and academic communities. As a response, a Business Analytics Special Interest Group (SIG) was formed at Villanova University in 2007 to better link these two communities and support the growing needs of business. As a multi-disciplinary group composed of both analytics professionals and academics, one of the first tasks was to investigate how businesses viewed analytics and how they were incorporating them in actual practice. With this in mind, an interview questionnaire was developed and senior-level executives from a diverse group of sixteen different firms were interviewed in a group context. Their responses led to the development of a new, integrated analytics curriculum and the establishment of a new Analytics Round Table. The results from this series of semi-structured interviews are presented in this paper.
E-Skills and ICT Certification in Greek Cultural and Travel Agencies
Authors: Lazarinis Fotis , Kanellopoulos Dimitris
Published: June 2010

ICT skills are fundamental for the further enhancement and development of productivity and knowledge-intensive products and services. The long-term-demand for professionals with ICT skills still exceeds the supply, particularly in user industries such as the travel industry. This paper presents the results of a study aimed at analysing the impact of ICT certification for people working in cultural and travel agencies in Greece. The authors consider if the e-skills acquired during training for an ICT certification are of practical value while presenting the opinions of the survey participants, statistics about the required e-skills, and the correlation between these skills and the syllabus of the ECDL ICT certification. It is claimed that the ECDL ICT certification plays a crucial role in cultural and travel agencies as their employees being technologically skilful can offer better services to their customers.
ICT Policy for Agriculture Based on a Transaction Cost Approach
Authors: de Silva Harsha , Ratnadiwakara Dimuthu
Published: June 2010

In Sri Lanka, the majority of farmers are generally poor,and rely on subsistence agriculture. If these farmers can even partially be made responsive to market needs, as opposed to current household needs, they could cultivate at least some income generating crops, which if sustained, can reduce their poverty. However, high transaction costs associated with obtaining market information have continued to keep poor farmers entrenched in subsistence farming. The current ICT revolution is making previously costly market information much more affordable to these farmers. Therefore, if used appropriately, ICT can help reduce the high transaction costs associated with market information thereby helping farmers move toward some level of commercialization. The question is how can a country achieve this objective. This paper considers the case of Sri Lanka and provides lessons, both positive and negative, for African policymakers.
IT Governance
Authors: Luftman Jerry , Ben-Zvi Tal , Dwivedi Rajeev , Rigoni Eduardo Henrique
Published: June 2010

Aligning Information Technology (IT) and business has been a persistent and pervasive problem for over three decades. Studies show that one of the essential components for organizations seeking to improve their alignment maturity is IT Governance. This paper demonstrates the relationship between IT Governance and business performance. The Strategic Alignment Maturity Assessment (SAM) framework is applied as the foundation for relating IT Governance to company performance and to overall alignment maturity. Based on this research model, IT strategic planning, IT budgeting, and IT reaction capacity demonstrate strong contribution to the overall IT Governance maturity score. Furthermore, IT Governance has a significant impact on company performance. Although these results underscore the importance of IT Governance in alignment maturity, there is no silver bullet and the other five SAM components (Communications, Value, Partnership, Technology Scope, and Skills) must also be addressed.
Tissue Image Classification Using Multi-Fractal Spectra
Authors: Mukundan Ramakrishnan , Hemsley Anna
Published: June 2010

Tissue image classification is a challenging problem due to the fact that the images contain highly irregular shapes in complex spatial arrangement. The multi-fractal formalism has been found useful in characterizing the intensity distribution present in such images, as it can effectively resolve local densities and also represent various structures present in the image. This paper presents a detailed study of feature vectors derived from the distribution of Holder exponents and the geometrical characteristics of the multi-fractal spectra that can be used in applications requiring image classification and retrieval. The paper also gives the results of experimental analysis performed using a tissue image database and demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed multi-fractal-based descriptors in tissue image classification and retrieval. Implementation aspects that need to be considered for improving classification accuracy and the feature representation capability of the proposed descriptors are also outlined.
Design and Implementation of an Autonomic Code Generator Based on RTPA
Authors: Wang Yingxu , Tan Xinming , Ngolah Cyprian F.
Published: June 2010

Real-Time Process Algebra (RTPA) is a denotational mathematics for the algebraic modeling and manipulations of software system architectures and behaviors by the Unified Data Models (UDMs) and Unified Process Models (UPMs). On the basis of the RTPA specification and refinement methodologies, automatic software code generation is enabled toward improving software development productivity. This paper examines designing and developing the RTPA-based software code generator (RTPA-CG) that transfers system models in RTPA architectures and behaviors into C++ or Java. A two-phrase strategy has been employed in the design of the code generator. The first phrase analyzes the lexical, syntactical, and type specifications of a software system modeled in RTPA, which results in a set of abstract syntax trees (ASTs). The second phrase translates the ASTs into C++ or Java based on predesigned mapping strategies and code generation rules. The toolkit of RTPA code generator encompasses an RTPA lexer, parser, type-checker, and a code builder. Experimental results show that system models in RTPA can be rigorously processed and corresponding C++/Java code can be automatically generated using the toolkit. The code generated is executable and effective under the support of an RTPA run-time library.
Measurement of Mechanical Strain Using Chromatic Monitoring of Photoelasticity
Authors: Garza Claudia , Deakin Anthony G. , Jones G.R. , Spencer J.W. , Hon K.K.B.
Published: June 2010

The present contribution describes a chromatic processing approach for quantifying the two dimensional, polychromatic interference patterns produced by a strained photo-elastic element and recorded with a CCD camera. The outputs from the three R, G, B channels of the camera covering a selected area of the interference pattern are processed to yield three chromatic parameters which are H (dominant signal wavelength), L (nominal signal strength), S (effective wavelength spread of signal). It is shown that the value of each of the three parameters varies with strain in a quasi cyclical manner, all being out of phase with each other. Consequently the strain measurement range and sensitivity can both be optimized by the use of the appropriate chromatic parameter within different strain ranges.
Experimental Characterisation of Parameters Controlling the Compressive Failure of Pultruded Unidirectional Carbon Fibre Composites
Authors: Thomsen Ole Thybo , Kratmann K.K.
Published: June 2010

The classical kink-band formation models predict that the compressive strength of UD carbon fibre reinforced composite materials (UD CFRP) is governed by fibre misalignment as well as of the mechanical shear properties. A new image analysis procedure for experimental determination of the fibre misalignment, the Fourier transform misalignment analysis (FTMA), has been developed. Moreover, a modified asymmetric Iosipescu test specimen geometry has been developed and validated for accurate measurement of the composite material shear properties without parasitic effects due to axial splitting. In the test procedure the shear strain distribution is measured using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and the results calibrated based on FEA modelling results. Using the measured properties as input, the predictions of the classic compressive strength models have been compared with measured compressive strengths. Finally, an alternative approach to the classical kink band equilibrium has been proposed and demonstrated to provide more accurate predictions than the classical models.
Size of the Fracture Process Zone in High-Strength Concrete at a Wide Range of Loading Rates
Authors: Yu R.C. , Zhang X.X. , Ruiz Gonzalo , Tarifa M. , Cámara M.
Published: June 2010

Compared with the extensive research on properties of the fracture process zone (FPZ) under quasi-static loading conditions, much less information is available on its dynamic characterization, especially for high-strength concrete (HSC). This paper presents the very recent results of an experimental program aimed at disclosing the loading rate effect on the size and velocity of the (FPZ) in HSC. Eighteen three-point bending specimens were conducted under a wide range of loading rates from from 10-4 mm/s to 103 mm/s using either a servo-hydraulic machine or a self-designed drop-weight impact device. Four strain gauges mounted along the ligament of the specimen were used to measure the FPZ size. Surprisingly, the FPZ size remains almost constant (around 20 mm) when the loading rate varies seven orders of magnitude.
Experimental Characterization of the Viscoplastic Material Behaviour of Thermosets and Thermoplastics
Authors: Kaestner Markus , Blobel Swen , Obst Martin , Thielsch Karin , Ulbricht Volker
Published: June 2010

In this contribution the mechanical behaviour of polymeric matrix materials is analysed for
both thermoplastics (Polypropylene) and thermosets (RTM6, RIM935). The results obtained from tensile
tests carried out at different velocities indicate a nonlinear, inelastic material behaviour with strainrate
dependence. For the clear identification and quantification of the nonlinearities, the experimental
procedure has been extended to relaxation experiments and deformation controlled loading-unloadingprocesses
with intermediate relaxations. Based on the experimental observations a small-strain viscoplastic
material model is derived and material parameters are identified. The stress-strain-curves
computed for different load histories are compared to the experimental results.
Analysis of Sensors for Vibration and Nip Forces Monitoring of Rubber Coated Rollers
Authors: Voicu M.C. , Schmidt Reinhard , Lammen B. , Hillbrand H.H. , Maniu I.
Published: June 2010

To improve the efficiency of printing or coating processes for paper products the velocity of the web and the roller width can be increased. However, these measures bring about deformations of the rollers, heating effects and streak print defects due to undesirable oscillations. This paper presents new sensor technologies for measuring the axial and circumferential distribution of contact pressure along the nip. This work is required for further research on active vibration damping of rollers. The sensors are applied underneath the elastomer covering of the rollers and must be applied without affecting mechanical features or causing a fall off in the quality of the product. In the paper different new measurement techniques are evaluated and compared to state-of-the-art technologies considering dynamic behaviour, sensitivity, linearity, applicability and accuracy. The sensors are integrated into a test rig simulating the rollers of a printing or coating machine. The results are presented in detail and an outlook is given on further research towards active vibration damping.
Evaluation of Edge Cracks in Cross-Ply Laminates Using Image Correlation and Thermoelastic Stress Analysis
Authors: Battams G.P. , Dulieu-Barton Janice M. , Boyd S.W.
Published: June 2010

The paper describes initial work on using 2D digital image correlation (DIC) and thermoelastic stress analysis (TSA) to obtain data from edge cracks in cross-ply laminates. It is demonstrated that detailed data related to the crack tip stresses can be obtained using TSA. The work reveals some of the limitations experienced when using DIC in applications where high spatial resolution is required. A detailed discussion is provided along with an outline for future work.
A Research on Destination Marketing System Evaluation: A Tourist Destination Image View
Authors: Huang Hai Yu , Zhang Wen
Published: June 2010

Researches on Destination Marketing System (DMS) now still have problems addressed both in the fundamental theory and operation practice. This paper paid much attention to the operation and evaluation of DMS, in which Tourist Destination Image was introduced to help design a new evaluation module added to the system. In this module, tourist responded to a survey on tourist destination image to be a reference for evaluation. Besides, supplementary means were also designed to make it reasonable for tourists. In this way, solutions for evaluation and adjusting destination promotion through DMS are raised for enterprises and policy makers.
A New Ergonomics Manikin Generation Method from Real 3D Scanning Body
Authors: Dong Zhan Xun , Gu Zhen Yu , Wu Zhan Wei
Published: June 2010

Computer-Aided Ergonomics (CAE) makes it possible that people may build a virtual environment for ergonomics evaluation in the product’s digital model phase. Manikin with anthropometry data supplies fundamental information in design lifecycle, so it also plays an important role in CAE software. Thanks to the 3D scanning technology, we developed a new ergonomics manikin generation method which could create free-form surface human model from real body. Generation method concluded body scanning, model optimization, and combining skeleton stages. Finally, case study proved that Paper’s method could generate more exact manikin than former parametric modeling methods, and it would benefit customized products design.
Optimal Production Scheduling for the Polyamide Fiber Plant Using Simulated Annealing
Authors: Jin Hui , Wang Kenan , Zheng Hai Ying
Published: June 2010

This paper addresses the problem of optimizing production schedules of multiproduct continuous manufacturing facilities where a wide range of products are produced in small quantities, resulting in frequent changeovers. A real-world scheduling problem from the polyamide fiber plant is investigated. The problem involves a sequencing of products. The problem is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model. The mathematical model has a linear objective function to be maximized. A simulated annealing (SA) algorithm is proposed for this scheduling problem. The computational results show that a satisfactory solution can be obtained in reasonable computation time. Case study demonstrates the effectiveness and the applicability of the model and the proposed methods.
Studies on Regulator Experiment of a High-to-Float High-Ash Fine Coal
Authors: Gui Xia Hui , Liu Jiong Tian , Tao Xiu Xiang , Cao Yi Jun , Wang Yong Tian
Published: June 2010

Aim at high-to-float high-ash fine coal with large content of granules, in order to reduce pollution of carried fine slime to quality of concentrate coal, soluble glass, sodium hexametaphosphate and cornstarch these three kinds of regulators were choosen to carry out flotation reducing ash experiment. Result showed that, cause of poor selectivity of fine coal is mainly small quality, big surface area and the poor dispersion of fine coal. When sodium hexametaphosphate dosage is 1500g/t, the kerosene dosage is 370g/t, the foam beater GF dosage is 150g/t, production rate of concentrate coal is 57.69%，and ash content of concentrate coal is 12.04%. Under the same condition, separation index of sodium hexametaphosphate as regulator is superior to cornstarch and soluble glass.
A Dynamic Re-Configuration and Order Optimization Model and Optimization Algorithm in Complex System
Authors: Yang Ya Hong , Wang Ying
Published: June 2010

In order to make the complex assessment system become more intelligent and efficient for the application and realization technology in real system, the enterprise alliance and its business reconfiguration model for complex application system are processed. The enterprise alliance with dynamic reconfiguration and part feature is established by constructing the information platform The system can realize the informationize in enterprise and between enterprise. The cooperation between enterprises can also be supported. The order assignment problem in the enterprise with directed graph model is presented. Simulation results show that the model and the algorithm are effective to the problem.
Infrared Image Multi-Scale Recognition Based on Gabor Wavelet
Authors: Wang Hong Bo , Sheng Guo Cheng
Published: June 2010

The aim of this paper is to construct an image recongnition system based on Gabor wavelets for infrared image. An enhanced representation of the Gabor wavelets is proposed, in which the properties of Gaussian mask in Gabor wavelets is developed to enhance the envelope function, and simultaneously the parameters of the filter based on Gabor wavelets is designed depengding on the frequency response of the training images. Some experiments including infrared image recognitions are given. The good performances are verified through using the proposed scheme in this paper.
Competitive Co-Ordination Mechanism in the Application of Collaborative Commerce
Authors: Ju Chun Hua , Shi Long
Published: June 2010

In this article, we establish a Multi-Agent-based collaborative commerce platform, raised a general collaborative commerce model in chain of retail enterprises, and use a competitive coordination mechanism to realize the workflow management between the centers and subsidiaries, and gives concrete for business applications.
Analysis and Control of Fretting Wear for Blade Bearing in Wind Turbine
Authors: Chen Long , Xia Xin Tao , Qiu Ming
Published: June 2010

This paper deals with fretting wear of blade bearings considering working conditions. The cause of fretting wear in blade bearing is analyzed and an improvement is proposed to evaluate the design of the bearing in the paper. Result from the test proves that the method of controlling fretting wear is satisfactory. Reference value of clearance in blade bearing can be obtained from the test result.
Performance of Wood-Polymer Composite Prepared by In Situ Polymerization of Styrene
Authors: Li Yong Feng , Meng Xin , Li Jian , Liu Yi Xing
Published: June 2010

A new material was prepared by formation of polystyrene in situ wood porous structure from styrene monomer through thermal-catalyst treatment. And the performance of such wood-polymer composite, containing mechanical properties and durability, was also tested. The SEM results showed that polymer was generated inside wood, and filled in wood cellular structure. The mechanical properties of such wood-polystyrene composite including modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), compression strength and hardness, were respectively improved 38%, 77%, 21% and 97% over untreated wood. And the durability of the novel composite involving dimensional stability, decay resistance and stability against weather erosion were remarkably improved than those of untreated wood. Such composite can be widely used in fields of construction, traffic and interior decoration, which greatly enhanced the utilization of low-valued wood material instead of high-quality wood.
Chaos Prediction of Rolling Bearing Friction Torque
Authors: Xia Xin Tao , Lv Tao Mei
Published: June 2010

Based on the chaos theory, the adding-weight one-rank local-region method was applied to predict the time series of the rolling bearing friction torque. The experimental investigation on the rolling bearing for space applications shows that the method is able to predict effectively the rolling bearing friction torque, only with very small predicted error.
Research on the Phase Space Reconstruction Method of Chaotic Time Series
Authors: Ma Yun Fei , Niu Pei Feng , Ma Xiao Fei
Published: June 2010

The puzzle over the recognition of the quality of the Chaotic Dynamics based on single variable time series brings forward the new method of phase space reconstruction—identify the embedding dimension with the FNN after delay time is fixed through the method of autocorrelation function. By means of the numerical verification of a few typical examples of chaotic dynamic system, the result shows that this method can be able to efficiently reconstruct the phase space of the original system out of the time series and relatively completely reduce the dynamic characteristics of the original system and thus the validity of the method is testified on chaotic signal recognition.
Minimizing the Cost of Sampling Inspection by Adjusting Sample Size
Authors: Yang Xiao Jin , Zhang Yuan Biao , Deng Xiao Jun , Li Bin
Published: June 2010

To reduce the cost of food inspection, we built a minimum cost sampling inspection model on the basis of simple random sampling, and ensured that the reliability of sampling inspection lived up to the required reliability at the same time. In this model, according to the relationship between inspected qualified rate and standard qualified rate, we adjusted the sample size through relaxing and tightening the inspection. The result shows that this plan can greatly reduce the inspect cost. Besides, the model is flexible, and it can formulate different sampling inspection plans according to the required reliability.
The EBSD Investigation on Microstructure Evolution in Fe-32%Ni Alloy during Multi-Axial Forging
Authors: Han Bao Jun
Published: June 2010

The microstructure evolution taking place in Fe-32%Ni alloy during multi-axial forging was investigated by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). The samples were compressed with loading direction changed through 90º from pass to pass at temperature of 650°C and a strain rate of 10-1/s. The results show the microstructure evolution is characterized by continuous grain subdivision process, i.e. the multi-axial forging promotes the development of deformation bands in various direction followed by their frequent intersection in grain interiors with changing of strain path, which results in continuous fragmentation of coarse grains into subgrains. Concurrently the misorientations of subgrain boundaries rise gradually with repetitive deformation followed by their progressive transformation into high angle boundaries. The ultra-fine grains are concluded to evolve by continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX).
Improved ACO for Dimensional Cutting-Stock Problem
Authors: Li Yan Cang , Suo Juan Juan , Zhou Shu Jing
Published: June 2010

In order to find an effective method for solving the NP problem-dimensional cutting stock problem, the improved ACO based on entropy was introduced．After introducing the basic knowledge of the improved ACO, the dimensional cutting-stock problem’s mathematical model was set up．And the improved ACO was employed to optimize the problem．Computed results indicate that the ant colony algorithm can approach the theoretical optimal solution，and its astringency is good．This study provides a new approach for the optimization of the NP hard problems.
Knowledge Modeling of Product Data Based on Fuzzy Ontology
Authors: Zhai Jun , Li Jian Feng , Chen Yan
Published: June 2010

Ontology is the basis of knowledge modeling on the Semantic Web, and fuzzy ontology is an extension of domain ontology for solving the uncertainty problems. Ontology-base knowledge modeling of product data management (PDM) is meaningful for product design and trade etc. In order to handle fuzzy phenomenon and uncertainty of product knowledge, this paper proposes a series of fuzzy ontology models that consists of fuzzy domain ontology and fuzzy linguistic variable ontologies. Then, a fuzzy ontology framework is presented, including three parts: concepts, properties of concepts and values of properties. The application, which uses fuzzy ontology to model product knowledge, shows that these models can overcome the localization of other fuzzy ontology models, and this research facilitates the fuzzy knowledge sharing and reuse for PDM on the Semantic Web.
Investigation on Application of Biomimetic Technology to the Conservation of Longmen Grottoes
Authors: Liu Qiang , Zhang Bing Jian , Yang Gang Liang
Published: June 2010

The conservation of historic stone sculptures and buildings is receiving growing attention because of increasing bad weathering. In this paper, we report our experiments on the conservation of the Longmen Grottoes through a biomimetic method. Some relevant experiments have been done in the lab at first. A protective film of calcium oxalate has been prepared on the marble stone through a biomimetic synthesis. The obtained material was characterized by XRD and SEM. The protective performances were also evaluated by its ability to resist soil and acid. Then, the field trials have been carried out in Longmen Grottoes. The results obtained from the laboratory experiments and field trials are satisfied, which indicates that the conservation of historic stone sculptures and buildings through the biomimetic method should have a good prospect.
Experimental Investigation on Warm Deep Drawing of Stainless Steel AISI 304
Authors: Ethiraj N. , Kumar V.S. Senthil
Published: June 2010

Deep drawing is one of the most widely used metal forming process to produce sheet metal parts especially in automobile industries. Warm working is the plastic deformation of metal at temperatures below the temperature range for recrystallization and above the room temperature. In this investigation, 1.0mm thick circular specimen of stainless steel AISI 304 were warm deep drawn and the influence of temperature on the deformation behaviour of material and the drawing loads which is required to draw the component was studied. The results show that the warm working has positive effects like reduced drawing load, negligible amount of increase in thinning and thickening of a drawn component when compared to the conventional drawing and also there is no necking or cracking occurs due to the temperature influence.
Study on Removal of Humic Acid by Polyurethane Foam/ Activated Carbon Composites in Boiler Feedwater
Authors: Zhu Zhi Ping , Huang Ke Long , Zhou Yi
Published: June 2010

A new type and high efficiency adsorbent was prepared with powder activated carbon and polyurethane vesicant and surfactant, which being used to adsorb humic acid (HA) in boiler feedwater. The batch adsorption experiments were carrid at different pH value, different adsorbent dosage and different initial concentration to investigate HA removal rate and adsorption capacity by as-produced adsorbent. Their adsorption kinetics experiments data was fitted with pseudo-second-order rate model, its quation was 1/qt=0.094+5.51/t, and equilibrium adsorption capacity obtained from fitting curve was 10.6mg/g, consistent with the experimental results(11.5mg/g).The adsorption isotherm test was carried at 25°C-50°C, the equilibrium adsorption capacity was 10.9mg/g by Langmuir model, which being similar with experiment results, the free energy (ΔG), enthalpy(ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) were obtanined with Clapeyron-Clausius and Gibbs-Helmholtz equation in the adsorption isotherm, which all were negative, indicated that HA adsorbed by as-produced adsorbent was an exothermic process of entropy reduction.
Heavy-Duty Commercial Vehicle Axle Rapid Development System Design and Implementation Based on Virtual Reality Technology
Authors: Zou Xu Dong , Wang Feng Yuan , Luo Xin
Published: June 2010

The paper presented a virtual design method of heavy-duty commercial vehicle axle development based on secondary development of 3D design and analysis software, which is directed towards the problems of duplication, low accuracy and high cost at present. Furthermore, the paper described the design process of Heavy-Duty Commercial Vehicle Drive Axle Rapid Development System Software(hereinafter called "the software"), which includes framework of software system, engineering database design, secondary development to Pro/Engineer, and secondary development to ANSYS. Moreover, the paper described the implementation process of parametric design, automatic assembly, interference check, and automatic finite element analysis by taking the driving axle shell design as the example. The software had already applied in a driving axle producer in china, and achieved the desired objectives.The method not only applys to parts parametric design development for driving axle, but also provides a reference to developing parametric design analysis system for other products.
Finite Element Simulation of Combined Forming of Selective Laser Sintering and Cold Isostatic Pressing
Authors: Du Yan Ying , Shi Yu Sheng , Wei Qing Song
Published: June 2010

Selective Laser Sintering could manufacture high complex metal parts in short time but with high porosity and low strength. The components from Cold Isostatic Pressing have excellent performance with uniform organizational structure, high size precision, and high density. It, however, could not form high complex parts because of the difficulties of bag manufacture. So it will be a good method to combine Selective Laser Sintering and Cold Isostatic Pressing to make complicated metal parts. In this paper, the specimens of stainless steel were made by the combined Selective Laser Sintering and Cold Isostatic Pressing forming route. And the simulation of Cold Isostatic Pressing was carried out by finite element method and Drucker-Prager-Cap constitutive model in ABAQUS/Explicit computer program. The property of metal powder was measured by experiments. The effects of bag on Cold Isostatic Pressing have been discussed. It is different from the Cold Isostatic Pressing of metal powder that the bag has little influence on both shape and size of the specimen. The results of simulation show a good agreement between the experimental results and the calculated results. The simulation can give a useful direction to dimension and shape designs of the combined forming of Selective Laser Sintering and Cold Isostatic Pressing.
Finite Element Analysis and Calculation in Cracks of Stress Intensity Factor of Thick Walled Cylinder
Authors: Cai Gang Yi , Zhang Shi Xing
Published: June 2010

Calculating stress intensity factor is an important task of fracture mechanics, specially in the thick walled cylinder with inner pressure, which has macro crack. The value of KІ is crucial for safety life. The software ANSYS was used to calculate the stress intensity factors of the walled cylinder in this paper. Crack along the axis in the inner face of the tube can be predigested a long plate with a center crack. According to the symmetry of this model, the calculated model was built. The results show that the relative error is under 5% and the method is available to satisfy the precision engineering requirements. In addition, the error and how to reduce it were analyzed.
Research on Powder Spreading Property Improvement of Wood-Plastic Composite SLS Rapid Prototyping Process
Authors: Zeng Wei Liang , Guo Yan Ling , Jiang Kai Yi
Published: June 2010

In this paper, powder spreading property in Wood-Plastic Composite(WPC) Selective Laser Sintering(SLS) rapid prototyping(RP) process is studied. WPC is more suitable for make parts by SLS according to its advantages, such as low-cost and green biological etc.. But as wood power is mainly composed of wood fiber and wood fibers have irregular shapes, easy to aggregate and block power spreading process, spreading powder uniformly on bed by leveling roller is difficult, resulting in bad shape quality of parts. In order to further improve powder spreading property of RP process, with optimal design of components, viscosity reducer calcium is added into WPC. Finally, as result of better powder spreading property, shape quality of the parts made by WPC is improved greatly and have good as well as with good laser sintering properties.
Research Progress of Low-Frequency Vibration Cutting and Its Development Tendency
Authors: Hong Qi , Gu Li Zhi , Xiang Chun Jiang
Published: June 2010

Low-frequency vibration cutting is a new kind of advanced manufacturing process with several features of advantages, compared with conventional cutting operation. Based on the review of the history of low-frequency vibration cutting, its special technological effects and applications were discussed, and presented in detail the research progress in mechanism and experiment study on low-frequency vibration cutting. Three primary problems, lack of unified awareness of mechanism, establishment of a unified standard for the choice of certain parameters, application level, still in expertise for low-frequency vibration cutting were explored and the development tendency as well as the prospect of low-frequency vibration cutting in future was foreseen.
Effecting Factors Study for Powder Flow Characteristics
Authors: Kou Zi Ming , Li Rui
Published: June 2010

To understand the influence of external factors on powder flow process from the hopper, and to get the prerequisite to control the flow rate, by doing a lot of experiments. In this paper, the size distribution regulation was acquired by SCIROCCO 2000 (dry method) laser granulometry, and then the affection on flow rate from many external factors were separate considerations. As resluts, when the semi-vertical angle was smaller, the flow type was whole flow; the relation between way dimension of feed opening and flow is nonlinearity; the rate between hopper weight and way dimension of feed opening could affect the flow when it was smaller than 5; the flow was stable when the ratio between the powder depth and way dimension of feed opening is bigger than 1.5. At the same time, it would be one effective indirect measurement method by measuring the way dimension of feed opening under special condition.
A Coupling Dynamic Model for Interfacial Reaction between Slag and Metal of Stainless Steelmaking by Chromium Ore Smelting Reduction in a Converter
Authors: Liu Yan , Jiang Mao Fa , Xu Li Xian
Published: June 2010

For describing and resolving the process of chromium ore smelting reduction preferably, the coupling dynamic model was established using metallurgical thermodynamics, dynamics and reaction engineering. The different influencing factors were investigated and discussed. The results of the model show that the mass transfer of Cr2O3 in the slag phase is rate-determining step. The initial hot metal should contain definite chrome metal and the yield of chromium in slag should be controlled properly at 1560°C so as to decrease refining time considerably and improve production efficiency for producing stainless steel crude melts in a converter. A reference and basis for the constitution of rational processing route in a practical converter steelmaking have been afforded.
Polycrystal Synthesis and Single Crystal Growth of PbI2
Authors: Zhao Xin , Jin Ying Rong , Zhu Xing Hua
Published: June 2010

High-pure and single-phase PbI2 polycrystal was synthesized by Pb and I elements (99.9999%) according to the stoichiometry of PbI2 with excess of 0.3% Pb through modified two-zone vapor-transporting method (MTVM). The synthesis reaction was carried in a special quartz ampoule to prevent the ampoule exploding by controlling the temperature. With presynthesized polycrystal, an integral PbI2 single crystal with 15 mm in diameter and 25 mm in length was grown by vertical Bridgman method (VBM). The as-grown crystal was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), ZC36 megger and Infrared (IR) spectrophotometers. XRD analysis indicated the structure of PbI2 crystal is 2H with hexagonal space group of , the lattice constants of a and c are 0.4560 nm and 0.6979 nm, respectively. The IR transmittance of a sample of 2.5 mm thickness is about 40% in the range from 4000 to 400 cm-1. Resistivity of the crystal is about 1013 Ωcm magnitude. These results demonstrate that the quality of the as-grown crystal is high enough for applications of room temperature nuclear radiation detectors.
An Improved Algorithm for X-Corner Detection
Authors: Zhao Fu Qing , Wei Chun Miao
Published: June 2010

X-corner detection is widely used in camera calibration. In this paper, a new algorithm for X-corner detection is proposed to cope with the problems of central symmetry and the light and dark alteration in the four regions around the center. The position of the corner can be determined exactly by detecting the change of the image gray and computing the correlation coefficient of the symmetry regions through the presented algorithm. Experiments show that the algorithm is easily implemented with the less computational cost. Furthermore, it is robust to the rotation transformation and brightness alteration of the X-corner image and is insensitive to the noise of the image.
Study on Nonlinear Dynamic Response of the Gear-Shaft-Housing Coupling System
Authors: Zeng Wen , Zhu X.Z. , Wei Z.J.
Published: June 2010

The nonlinear dynamic model of a gear-shaft-housing system is established by using finite element method (FEM). The nonlinear dynamic response of the coupling system under gear tooth time-varying stiffness, manufacturing error and other internal excitations is analyzed. Displacement, velocity and acceleration response of the coupling system and meshing stiffness and bearing support stiffness influences on vibration response of the coupling system are studied. The results show that the vibration amplitude near housing bearing seat is largest, secondly is the top of the housing and the vibration response at the sides and bottom of the housing are the smallest. As meshing stiffness and bearing support stiffness increase, vibration velocity and acceleration of the housing increase gradually. But bearing stiffness influence on the vibration response of the coupling system is significantly larger than that of meshing stiffness.
Study on Scheduling Optimization for Flexible Job Shop
Authors: Liu Xiao Xia , Liu Chun Bo , Tao Ze
Published: June 2010

A hybrid genetic algorithm based on Pareto was proposed and applied to flexible job shop scheduling problem (FJSP) with multi-objective, and the multi-objective FJSP optimization model was built, where the make-span and the machine utilization rate were concerned. The algorithm embeds Pareto ranking strategy into Pareto competition method. The operation-based encoding and an active scheduling decoding method are employed. In order to promote solution diversity, the niche technology and many kinds of crossover operations are used. Pareto filter saves the optimum individual occurring in the course of evolution, which avoids losing the optimum solutions. Three simulation experiments are carried out to illustrate that the proposed method could solve multi-objective job shop scheduling problem effectively.
Zonal Compensation for Work-Piece Elastic Deformation through Fixture Layout Optimization
Authors: Jiang Zhao Liang , Liu Yu Mei , Shan Yun Xiao
Published: June 2010

Work-piece elastic deformation caused by clamping force from fixture will lead to part bending or distorting, which is critical to lower its quality performance. In this paper, a novel zonal compensation method is proposed to compensate the work-piece elastic deformation through fixture layout optimization based on High Definition Metrology (HDM). The zonal surface flatness data of work-piece in fixture is obtained with densely optical measurement firstly. Then, they are reorganized according to the accuracy requirement based on the zonal distribution. Finally, the surface flatness compensation model based on fixture layout is made. The practicality and effectiveness of this new approach was verified using the case of Aluminum alloy 6061 part milling.
A Machining Shop Scheduling Model Based on UML and IDEF
Authors: Yang Guang , Yue Yan Fang , Wang Jin Ye , Zhang Yong Di
Published: June 2010

Combining with production features of the machining shop in small and medium manufacturing enterprises and difficulties in their information construction, we studied deeply on the scheduling model suitable for complex information environment of the machining shop, and established the job planning and scheduling system model. The hybrid modeling method of UML and IDEF was adopted to describe the architecture of the job planning and scheduling system in machining shop. IDEF, which has good flexibility and logic, is used to describe the system's functions and needs, and then express an implementation scheme that can meet the needs and realize the functions. At the same time, UML is utilized to reflect the chronological relationship of the interaction between functional objects. From the perspectives of structure, function, information and control, both of the above advantages are combined to establish the flexible and reusable model for job planning and scheduling system in machining shop.
Synthesis of Al2O3/AlB12/Al Composite Ceramic Powders by Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser Igniting Method and a Study of their Mechanical Properties
Authors: Huang Kai Jin
Published: June 2010

Based on the combined toughening principle, pure Al2O3/AlB12/Al composite ceramic powders have been synthesized using pulsed Nd:YAG laser igniting method. This method starts from Al and B2O3 powder mixtures, after which Al2O3/AlB12/AlN composite ceramics were fabricated by hot-press sintering at 1600°C for 2h under the protection of a N2 atmosphere. XRD and SEM techniques were used to characterize the phases and morphologies of the powders and the ceramics. The bending strength and the fracture toughness of the ceramics were measured by the three-point bending method and the indentation fracture method, respectively. The results show that the pure Al2O3/AlB12/Al composite ceramic powders can be successfully synthesized by pulsed Nd:YAG laser igniting method because the adiabatic temperature of Al-B2O3 system is more than 1800K. Al2O3 and AlB12 phases were formed by the liquid-liquid reaction mechanism and the liquid-solid reaction mechanism, respectively. The bending strength and the fracture toughness of the Al2O3/AlB12/AlN composite ceramics were 525.86MPa and 5.68MPa.m1/2, respectively. These values are 50.25% and 42% greater than those of the pure Al2O3 ceramic (350MPa and 4MPa.m1/2) due to the reinforcing and toughening in-situ formation of small AlN particles.
Network Security Situation Awareness Adaptive Control Model Based on Cognitive Network
Authors: Liu Xiao Wu , Wang Hui Qiang , Cao Bao Xiang , Yu Ji Guo
Published: June 2010

Network Security Situation Awareness (NSSA) helps security analysts to be aware of the actual security situation of their networks. But its adaptive control model and method remain a new research field that needs to be explored. In this paper, we presented a novel NSSA adaptive control model based on cognitive network. The model adopted circle cognitive structure composed of Monitor, Awareness, Decision and Execution (MADE). In the MADE cognitive circle, we described a fusion awareness method based on PSO-DS theory. The decision and execution strategies were also discussed briefly. The experiments prove that our model realizes the adaptive regulation of NSSA effectively and it also can be applied into other fields in order to develop automatic tools and devices.