bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Common and distinct brain networks underlying verbal and visual creativity
Authors: Zhu Wenfeng , Chen Qunlin , Xia Lingxiang , Beaty Roger E. , Yang Wenjing , Tian Fang , Sun Jiangzhou , Cao Guikang , Zhang Qinglin , Chen Xu , Qiu Jiang
Published: January 2017

Creativity is imperative to the progression of human civilization, prosperity, and well‐being. Past creative researches tends to emphasize the default mode network (DMN) or the frontoparietal network (FPN) somewhat exclusively. However, little is known about how these networks interact to contribute to creativity and whether common or distinct brain networks are responsible for visual and verbal creativity. Here, we use functional connectivity analysis of resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data to investigate visual and verbal creativity‐related regions and networks in 282 healthy subjects. We found that functional connectivity within the bilateral superior parietal cortex of the FPN was negatively associated with visual and verbal creativity. The strength of connectivity between the DMN and FPN was positively related to both creative domains. Visual creativity was negatively correlated with functional connectivity within the precuneus of the pDMN and right middle frontal gyrus of the FPN, and verbal creativity was negatively correlated with functional connectivity within the medial prefrontal cortex of the aDMN. Critically, the FPN mediated the relationship between the aDMN and verbal creativity, and it also mediated the relationship between the pDMN and visual creativity. Taken together, decreased within‐network connectivity of the FPN and DMN may allow for flexible between‐network coupling in the highly creative brain. These findings provide indirect evidence for the cooperative role of the default and executive control networks in creativity, extending past research by revealing common and distinct brain systems underlying verbal and visual creative cognition. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2094–2111, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diverging lesion and connectivity patterns influence early and late swallowing recovery after hemispheric stroke
Authors: Galovic Marian , Leisi Natascha , Pastore‐Wapp Manuela , Zbinden Martin , Vos Sjoerd B. , Mueller Marlise , Weber Johannes , Brugger Florian , Kägi Georg , Weder Bruno J.
Published: January 2017

Knowledge about the recovery of oral intake after hemispheric stroke is important to guide therapeutic decisions, including the administration of enteral tube feeding and the choice of the appropriate feeding route. They aimed to determine the localization and connectivity of lesions in impaired recovery versus recovered swallowing after initially dysphagic stroke. Sixty‐two acute ischemic hemispheric stroke patients with impaired oral intake were included in a prospective observational cohort study. Voxel‐based lesion‐symptom mapping and probabilistic tractography were used to determine the association of lesion location and connectivity with impaired recovery of oral intake ≥7 days (indication for early tube feeding) and ≥4 weeks (indication for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding) after stroke. Two distinct patterns influencing recovery of swallowing were recognized. Firstly, impaired recovery of oral intake after ≥7 days was significantly associated with lesions of the superior corona radiata (65% of statistical map, P < 0.05). The affected fibers were connected with the thalamus, primary motor, and supplemental motor areas and the basal ganglia. Secondly, impaired recovery of oral intake after ≥4 weeks significantly correlated with lesions of the anterior insula (54% of statistical map, P < 0.05), which was connected to adjacent operculo‐insular areas of deglutition. These findings indicate that early swallowing recovery is influenced by white matter lesions disrupting thalamic and corticobulbar projection fibers. Late recovery is determined by specific cortical lesions affecting association fibers. This knowledge may help clinicians to identify patients at risk of prolonged swallowing problems that would benefit from enteral tube feeding. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2165–2176, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cross‐sectional study of the ultrasonographic and hormonal characteristics of obstetric fistula patients with and without secondary amenorrhea
Authors: Tang Jennifer H. , Steiner Anne Z. , Bengtson Angela M. , Moyo Margaret , Mwale Mwawi , Makanani Bonus , Wilkinson Jeffrey P.
Published: January 2017

Significantly lower anti‐Müllerian hormone levels were observed among Malawian women with obstetric fistula who were experiencing amenorrhea compared with those not, regardless of age.
Costs of integrating cervical cancer screening at an HIV clinic in Kenya
Authors: Vodicka Elisabeth L. , Babigumira Joseph B. , Mann Marita R. , Kosgei Rose J. , Lee Fan , Mugo Nelly R. , Okech Timothy C. , Sakr Samah R. , Garrison Louis P. , Chung Michael H.
Published: January 2017

Objective

To estimate the societal‐level costs of integrating cervical cancer screening into HIV clinics in Nairobi, Kenya.

Methods

A cross‐sectional micro‐costing study was performed at Coptic Hope Center for Infectious Diseases and Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya, between July 1 and October 31, 2014. To estimate direct medical, non‐medical, and indirect costs associated with screening, a time‐and‐motion study was performed, and semi‐structured interviews were conducted with women aged at least 18 years attending the clinic for screening during the study period and with clinic staff who had experience relevant to cervical cancer screening.

Results

There were 148 patients and 23 clinic staff who participated in interviews. Visual inspection with acetic acid was associated with the lowest estimated marginal per‐screening costs ($3.30), followed by careHPV ($18.28), Papanicolaou ($24.59), and Hybrid Capture 2 screening ($31.15). Laboratory expenses were the main cost drivers for Papanicolaou and Hybrid Capture 2 testing ($11.61 and $16.41, respectively). Overhead and patient transportation affected the costs of all methods. Indirect costs were cheaper for single‐visit screening methods ($0.43 per screening) than two‐visit screening methods ($2.88 per screening).

Conclusions

Integrating cervical cancer screening into HIV clinics would be cost‐saving from a societal perspective compared with non‐integrated screening. These findings could be used in cost‐effectiveness analyses to assess incremental costs per clinical outcome in an integrated setting.
Risk of cesarean delivery among pregnant women with class III obesity
Authors: Borghesi Yves , Labreuche Julien , Duhamel Alain , Pigeyre Marie , Deruelle Philippe
Published: January 2017

Objective

To identify factors associated with cesarean delivery among women with class III obesity attempting vaginal delivery.

Methods

In a retrospective study, medical charts were reviewed for women aged 18 years or older with a singleton pregnancy of at least 37 weeks and a body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) of 40 or higher who were eligible to attempt vaginal delivery at a maternity hospital in Lille, France, between 1999 and 2012.

Results

Among 345 eligible women, 301 (87.2%) attempted vaginal delivery; 211 (70.1%) were successful and 90 (29.9%) delivered by cesarean. The frequency of nulliparity was higher among those undergoing cesarean after a trial of labor (64 [71.1%]) than among those who delivered vaginally (57 [27.0%]; P<0.001). Induction of labor was also more frequent among those who ultimately delivered by cesarean (61 [67.8%] vs 96 [45.5%]; P<0.001). In multivariate analysis, induction of labor was an independent predictor of cesarean among women attempting vaginal delivery (odds ratio [OR] 2.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25–4.22), whereas history of vaginal delivery was protective (OR 0.08, 95% CI 0.04–0.17).

Conclusion

Nulliparous women with class III obesity attempting a vaginal delivery should be warned of the high risk of cesarean delivery, especially if they require induction.
Maternal and newborn outcomes at a tertiary care hospital in Lusaka, Zambia, 2008–2012
Authors: Vwalika Bellington , Stoner Marie C.D. , Mwanahamuntu Mulindi , Liu K. Cherry , Kaunda Eugene , Tshuma Getrude G. , Somwe Somwe W. , Ahmed Yusuf , Stringer Elizabeth M. , Stringer Jeffrey S.A. , Chi Benjamin H.
Published: January 2017

Objective

To measure key obstetric and neonatal outcomes recorded at a tertiary hospital in Zambia over a 5‐year period.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted among women who had delivered at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2012. Data were extracted from electronic medical records. The main outcomes were maternal mortality, cesarean delivery, prenatal or intrapartum hemorrhage, stillbirth, a 5‐minute Apgar score of less than 7, and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit.

Results

A total of 62 470 deliveries were recorded. Rates of maternal mortality, cesarean delivery, and hemorrhage during pregnancy all declined over time. Decreased admissions to the neonatal intensive care unit were observed; however, the rate spiked temporarily in late 2011 and early 2012 before returning to previous levels. The proportion of stillbirths remained stable over time but reports of a 5‐minute Apgar score of less than 7 rose.

Conclusion

Routinely collected obstetric and neonatal data could aid ongoing program monitoring and should be used to guide quality improvement activities.
A retrospective cohort study of hemostatic agent use during hysterectomy and risk of post‐operative complications
Authors: Harris John A. , Uppal Shitanshu , Kamdar Neil , Swenson Carolyn W. , Campbell Darrell , Morgan Daniel M.
Published: January 2017

Objective

To determine if the use of intraoperative hemostatic agents was a risk factor for post‐operative adverse events within 30 days of patients undergoing hysterectomy.

Method

A population‐based retrospective cohort study included data from patients undergoing hysterectomy for any indication between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2014, at 52 hospitals in Michigan, USA. Any individuals with missing covariate data were excluded, and multivariable logistic regression and propensity score‐matching were used to estimate the rate of post‐operative adverse events associated with intra‐operative hemostatic agents independent of demographic and surgical factors.

Results

There were 17 960 surgical procedures included in the analysis, with 4659 (25.9%) that included the use of hemostatic agents. Hemostatic agent use was associated with an increase in predicted hospital re‐admissions (P=0.007). Among all hysterectomy approaches, and after adjusting for demographic and surgical factors, hemostatic agent use during robotic‐assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy was associated with an increased predicted rate of blood transfusions (P=0.019), an increased predicted rate of pelvic abscess diagnoses (P=0.001), an increased predicted rate of hospital re‐admission (P=0.001), and an increased predicted rate of re‐operation (P=0.021).

Conclusion

Hemostatic agents should be used carefully owing to associations with increased post‐operative re‐admissions and re‐operations when used during hysterectomy.
Associations between HIV, highly active anti‐retroviral therapy, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy among maternal deaths in South Africa 2011–2013
Authors: Sebitloane Hannah M. , Moodley Jagidesa , Sartorius Benn
Published: January 2017

Objective

To explore potential relationships between HIV and highly active anti‐retroviral therapy (HAART), and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP).

Methods

A retrospective secondary analysis of maternal‐deaths data from the 2011–2013 Saving Mothers Report from South Africa. The incidence of HIV infection amongst individuals who died owing to HDP was determined and comparisons were made based on HIV status and the use of HAART.

Results

Among 4452 maternal deaths recorded in the Saving Mothers report, a lower risk of a maternal deaths being due to HDP was observed among women who had HIV infections compared with women who did not have HIV (relative risk [RR] 0.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.51–0.64). Further, reduced odds of death being due to HDP were recorded among women with AIDS not undergoing HAART compared with women with HIV who did not require treatment (RR 0.42, 95% CI 0.3–0.58). Notably, among all women with AIDS, a greater risk of death due to HDP was demonstrated among those who received HAART compared with those who did not (RR 1.15, 95% CI 1.02–1.29).

Conclusion

HIV and AIDS were associated with a decreased risk of HDP being the primary cause of death; the use of HAART increased this risk.
The impact of laparoscopic cystectomy on ovarian reserve in patients with unilateral and bilateral endometrioma
Authors: Mehdizadeh Kashi Abolfazl , Chaichian Shahla , Ariana Shideh , Fazaeli Masoumeh , Moradi Yousef , Rashidi Mandana , Najmi Zahra
Published: January 2017

Objective

To evaluate the effects of laparoscopic cystectomy on serum anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) level as a marker of ovarian reserve in patients with endometrioma.

Methods

A prospective observational study enrolled patients aged younger than 40 years who were referred to a tertiary center in Tehran, Iran, between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2014 to undergo laparoscopic cystectomy for ovarian endometriomas at least 30 mm in diameter, or regardless of size for patients with infertility, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, or dyschezia. Baseline and 6‐month post‐operative AMH levels were compared.

Results

Data from 70 patients were included in the analyses. Among patients with unilateral endometriomas, lower pre‐operative AMH levels were observed in patients with endometriomas at least 50 mm in diameter (P=0.027), whereas cyst size was not associated with differences in pre‐operative AMH level in patients with bilateral endometriomas (P=0.227). Across the entire study population, post‐operative AMH levels were lower than the baseline (P=0.008). Greater post‐operative decreases in AMH were associated with bilateral cysts compared with unilateral cysts (P=0.046), cysts being at least 50 mm in diameter among patients with unilateral cysts (P=0.028), and both cysts being at least 50 mm in diameter among patients with bilateral cysts (P=0.025).

Conclusion

Laparoscopic cystectomy was associated with post‐operative decreases in serum AMH, particularly with bilateral involvement and endometriomas at least 50 mm in diameter.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the effect of prophylactic tranexamic acid treatment in major benign uterine surgery
Authors: Topsoee Märta F. , Settnes Annette , Ottesen Bent , Bergholt Thomas
Published: January 2017

Background

The value of tranexamic acid (TA) treatment as bleeding prophylaxis in major uterine surgery is unclear.

Objectives

To evaluate the antihemorrhagic effect of prophylactic TA treatment in major benign uterine surgery.

Search strategy

PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched from 1980 to 2015 without language restriction using search terms related to major uterine surgery combined with TA.

Selection criteria

Randomized controlled trials comparing prophylactic TA with placebo or no intervention in women undergoing elective major benign uterine surgery.

Data collection and analysis

Basic information and outcomes were collected and meta‐analyses performed.

Main results

Sixteen trials were included, with five trials considered to have an overall low risk of bias. In cesarean delivery, TA significantly reduced intraoperative bleeding (mean −136 mL, 95% confidence interval [CI] −189 to −83), blood loss of more than 1000 mL (relative risk 0.38, 95% CI 0.18–0.81), and blood transfusion (relative risk 0.32, 95% CI 0.17–0.59). In abdominal myomectomy, TA also significantly reduced intraoperative bleeding (mean −251 mL, 95% CI −391 to −110).

Conclusions

Prophylactic TA treatment significantly reduced operative bleeding in women undergoing elective cesarean delivery or abdominal myomectomy. Additional randomized trials with low risk of bias are needed.
WILL SYSTEMS‐OF‐SYSTEMS MODELS SUPPORT COST RECOVERY FOR CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE RESILIENCY?
Authors: Harris William R.
Published: January 2017

The fragility of critical infrastructures and the interdependency of infrastructures such as electric grids, water, wastewater, agriculture and manufacturing supply chains should encourage cost recovery for investments in resilience, not merely system reliability. Most cost recovery standards support investments for safety and reliability, but not resilience. If model‐based systems engineering (MBSE) and virtually all other engineering domains can demonstrate greater system protection, adaptability, and recovery (minimizing cascading harms to connected critical infrastructures), regulatory standards should provide cost recovery for investments in resilience.

Beyond cost‐recovery incentives, systems‐of‐systems engineers can design facilities for supply component availability, surge production, and other commitments to more robust supply chains. Firms that plan for supply chain disruptions can expand their market shares during and after emergencies, while other firms decline or fail entirely. System designs for greater resiliency may reward firms that overcome system shocks, even when resiliency investments are not automatically priced into goods sold or services delivered.
EVOLUTION AND RATIONALE FOR UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSE PROTECTION STANDARD
Authors: Baker George H.
Published: January 2017

The United States (US) Department of Defense (DoD) Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) protection standard offers a solid basis for protecting commercial communication, data, and control facilities. Because of the standard's shielded barrier and test requirements, it is not surprising that there is a strong temptation within industry and government to dismiss the MIL‐STD 188‐125 approach in favor of less rigorous protection methods. It is important to understand that US DoD EMP protection standard for fixed facilities, MIL‐STD‐188‐125, reflects an evolution by trial and error that spanned a period of decades beginning with the acquisition of the Minuteman Missile System in the 1960s. In fact, one of the main motivating factors for developing the standard was that system developers in the Air Force, Army, Navy, and Defense Communications Agency (now Defense Information Systems Agency) and the Federal Emergency Management Agency tried less technically‐sound approaches that failed in their effectiveness, testability, and maintainability. This paper revisits the development of the US DoD standard and explains its provisions and underlying technical rationale. The paper's objective is to enable the public officials and engineers involved in planning and implementing EMP protection for critical infrastructure facilities to avoid the pitfalls encountered in the past and use the best practices available to achieve low risk protection designs that can be maintained over the entire lifecycle of critical infrastructure systems.
Narratives of Success: A Retrospective Trajectory Analysis of Men of Color Who Successfully Transferred from the Community College
Authors: Urias Marissa Vasquez , Falcon Vannessa , Harris Frank , Wood J. Luke
Published: January 2017

With the use of a narrative approach to inquiry, this chapter seeks to reframe deficit‐oriented research on men of color, which often focuses on patterns of failure and underachievement, by exploring the pathways of community college men of color who successfully transferred to 4‐year institutions.
Upward Transfer in STEM Fields of Study: A New Conceptual Framework and Survey Instrument for Institutional Research
Authors: Wang Xueli
Published: January 2017

This chapter describes a new conceptual framework that informs research on factors influencing transfer in STEM fields of study from 2‐year to 4‐year institutions, presents a new survey instrument based on the framework, and offers directions for future research in this area.
Reverse Credit Transfer: Recognizing and Measuring Transfer Student Success
Authors: Taylor Jason L.
Published: January 2017

Reverse credit transfer policies and programs are proliferating, and this chapter examines their potential and considers ways to measure and collect data on reverse credit transfer.
The Evolving Landscape of Transfer Research: Reconciling What We Know in Preparation for a New Era of Heightened Promise and Complexity
Authors: Wang Xueli , Wickersham Kelly , Sun Ning
Published: January 2017

This concluding chapter reflects on the established and evolving body of transfer research and offers future directions for institutional research and higher education scholarship around transfer.
Morphological and functional changes inRAW264 macrophage‐like cells in response to a hydrated layer of carbonate‐substituted hydroxyapatite
Authors: Igeta Kazuki , Kuwamura Yuta , Horiuchi Naohiro , Nozaki Kosuke , Shiraishi Daichi , Aizawa Mamoru , Hashimoto Kazuaki , Yamashita Kimihiro , Nagai Akiko
Published: January 2017

Synthetic hydroxyapatite (HAp) is used clinically as a material for bone prostheses owing to its good bone‐bonding ability; however, it does not contribute to bone remodeling. Carbonate‐substituted hydroxyapatite (CAp) has greater bioresorption capacity than HAp while having similar bone‐bonding potential, and is therefore considered as a next promising material for bone prostheses. However, the effects of the CAp instability on inflammatory and immune responses are unknown in detail. Here, we show that the surface layer of CAp is more hydrated than that of HAp and induces changes in the shape and function of macrophage‐like cells. HAp and CAp were synthesized by wet method and molded into disks. The carbonate content of CAp disks was 6.2% as determined by Fourier transform (FT) infrared spectral analysis. Diffuse reflectance infrared FT analysis confirmed that physisorbed water and surface hydroxyl groups (OH−) were increased whereas structural OH−was decreased on the CAp as compared to the HAp surface. The degree of hydroxylation in CAp was comparable to that in bone‐apatite structures, and the CAp surface exhibited greater hydrophilicity and solubility than HAp. We investigated immune responses to these materials by culturing RAW264 cells (macrophage precursors) on their surfaces. Cell spreading on the CAp disk was suppressed and the secretion level of inflammatory cytokines was reduced as compared to cells grown on HAp. These results indicate that the greater surface hydration of CAp surface can attenuate adverse inflammatory responses to implanted bone prostheses composed of this material. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1063–1070, 2017.
Methods for the detection and serum depletion of porcine galectin‐3
Authors: Eliaz Isaac , Patil Aarti , Navarro‐Alvarez Nalu , Wang Zhirui , Eliaz Amity , Weil Elaine , Wilk Barry , Sachs David H. , Huang Christene A.
Published: January 2017

Background

Circulating galectin‐3 (Gal‐3) is elevated in systemic inflammatory disorders, fibrotic diseases, and in cancers. Gal‐3 is a promising cancer target where it promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis, as well as in renal, pulmonary, hepatic, and cardiovascular diseases, because of its role as a driver of fibrotic remodeling. This reports goal was to establish methods for the detection and removal of porcine Gal‐3 that will enable further studies of the therapeutic potential of Gal‐3 depletion by apheresis in porcine disease models. The long‐term aim is to develop a safe, effective method of removing Gal‐3 via apheresis as a standalone therapeutic tool and as an adjuvant to other therapies.

Methods

Purified recombinant porcine Gal‐3 was prepared and used as the standard for development of a porcine Gal‐3 enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Different affinity column matrices that incorporated either a rat IgG2a anti‐Gal‐3 monoclonal antibody or carbohydrate ligand were assessed for depletion of Gal‐3 from porcine serum.

Results

A porcine Gal‐3 ELISA with a linear range from 0.3 to 20 ng/mL was able to detect native porcine Gal‐3 in both fetal (∼150–200 ng/mL) and juvenile (∼5–15 ng/mL) porcine serum samples. Use of an anti‐Gal‐3 monoclonal antibody affinity column depleted Gal‐3 from porcine serum to at least 313 pg/mL, the limit of ELISA detection.

Conclusions

Methods have been developed for the detection and depletion of porcine Gal‐3. These methods will be used to study the specific effects of Gal‐3 depletion via apheresis in porcine models of disease.
The Conceptual Framework of Thematic Mapping in Case Conceptualization
Authors: Ridley Charles R. , Jeffrey Christina E.
Published: January 2017

This article, the 3rd in a series of 5, introduces the conceptual framework for thematic mapping, a novel approach to case conceptualization. The framework is transtheoretical in that it is not constrained by the tenets or concepts of any one therapeutic orientation and transdiagnostic in that it conceptualizes clients outside the constraints of diagnostic criteria. Thematic mapping comprises 4 components: a definition, foundational principles, defining features, and core concepts. These components of the framework, deemed building blocks, are explained in this article. Like the foundation of any structure, the heuristic value of the method requires that the building blocks have integrity, coherence, and sound anchoring. We assert that the conceptual framework provides a solid foundation, making thematic mapping a potential asset in mental health treatment.
Case Mis‐Conceptualization in Psychological Treatment: An Enduring Clinical Problem
Authors: Ridley Charles R. , Jeffrey Christina E. , Roberson Richard B.
Published: January 2017

Case conceptualization, an integral component of mental health treatment, aims to facilitate therapeutic gains by formulating a clear picture of a client's psychological presentation. However, despite numerous attempts to improve this clinical activity, it remains unclear how well existing methods achieve their purported purpose. Case formulation is inconsistently defined in the literature and implemented in practice, with many methods varying in complexity, theoretical grounding, and empirical support. In addition, many of the methods demand a precise clinical acumen that is easily influenced by judgmental and inferential errors. These errors occur regardless of clinicians’ level of training or amount of clinical experience. Overall, the lack of a consensus definition, a diversity of methods, and susceptibility of clinicians to errors are manifestations of the state of crisis in case conceptualization. This article, the 2nd in a series of 5 on thematic mapping, argues the need for more reliable and valid models of case conceptualization.
Mental Health Conditions and Substance Use Among American Indians From Eastern Tribes
Authors: Ni Chung‐Fan , Harrington Corinne E. , Wilkins‐Turner Felicia
Published: January 2017

This study examined the differences in mental health and substance use by gender and across education levels of 634 American Indians from 4 eastern tribes. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated that men self‐rated significantly better mental health but binge drank and used illicit drugs more often compared with women. Participants with a post–high school degree had significantly better mental health than those without a high school diploma. As education increased, cigarette smoking significantly decreased. Implications for culturally appropriate interventions are discussed.

Este estudio examinó las diferencias en salud mental y abuso de sustancias entre distintos sexos y niveles de educación de 634 indios americanos de 4 tribus del este. El análisis multivariante de la varianza indicó que los hombres autoevaluaron su salud mental como significativamente mejor, pero consumían alcohol en exceso y usaban drogas ilícitas con más frecuencia que las mujeres. Los participantes con un grado superior a la enseñanza secundaria tenían una salud mental significativamente mejor que aquellos que no terminaron la enseñanza secundaria. A niveles educativos mayores, la incidencia de fumadores disminuyó significativamente. Se discuten implicaciones para intervenciones culturalmente apropiadas.
Acculturation, Enculturation, Perceived Racism, and Psychological Symptoms Among Asian American College Students
Authors: Alamilla Saul G. , Kim Bryan S. K. , Walker Tamisha , Sisson Frederick Riley
Published: January 2017

This study examined the potential moderating influences of behavioral and values acculturation and enculturation in a sample of 113 Asian Americans. Findings from regression analyses revealed that acculturation to European American cultural values, alone and in interaction with perceived racism, was related to less psychological symptoms, whereas enculturation to Asian American values alone was associated with more psychological symptoms. Findings, which partially supported the authors' hypotheses, are discussed in light of the cultural adaptation literature.

Este estudio examinó las potenciales influencias moderadoras de la aculturación y enculturación de comportamiento y valores en una muestra de 113 americanos asiáticos. Los resultados de análisis de regresión revelaron que la aculturación a los valores culturales euro‐americanos, por sí sola y en interacción con el racismo percibido, estaba relacionada con una menor incidencia de síntomas psicológicos, mientras que la enculturación a los valores asiático‐americanos por sí sola estaba relacionada con una mayor incidencia de síntomas psicológicos. Los resultados, que confirmaron parcialmente nuestras hipótesis, se discuten teniendo en cuenta la literatura sobre adaptación cultural.
Netrin‐1 overexpression improves neurobehavioral outcomes and reduces infarct size via inhibition of the notch1 pathway following experimental stroke
Authors: Yang Xiaosheng , Li Shiting , Li Bin , Wang Xiaoqiang , Sun Chongran , Qin Haiqiang , Sun Hui
Published: January 2017

Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Administration of Netrin‐1 during the peri‐infarct period has been shown to decrease infarct size in rats; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. We addressed this question in the present study by inducing stroke in rats via middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and evaluating the effects of Netrin‐1 treatment by neurobehavioral testing, immunocytochemistry, and western blotting. Netrin‐1 overexpression increased neurobehavioral test scores and reduced cerebral infarct volume following MCAO via inhibition of the Notch1 signaling pathway. These results demonstrate that early administration of Netrin‐1 can is an effective therapeutic approach for improving outcome after stroke. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Deglaciation of Boknafjorden, south‐western Norway
Authors: Gump Dale J. , Briner Jason P. , Mangerud Jan , Svendsen John Inge
Published: January 2017

We present 30 10Be ages from glacial erratic boulders to constrain the deglaciation of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet in the Boknafjorden region, south‐western Norway. The southern part of the island Karmøy, located at the mouth of this fjord system, became free of glacier ice before 16 ka, probably because of the sudden break up of the Norwegian Channel Ice Stream at 20–18 ka. The ice sheet margin then stabilized at the fjord mouth until a second retreat phase commenced at or slightly before 16 ka. A calving bay developed in Boknafjorden after 16 ka, and in the course of the next millennium the ice front retreated to the inner fjord branches. In contrast, a major outlet glacier that filled the Hardangerfjorden farther to the north did not start to retreat from the fjord mouth until after 15 ka, probably in response to the Bølling warming. Thus, not only did Boknafjorden experience major retreat before Bølling warmth, but there was a variable response of south‐western fjord glaciers in Norway consistent with prior observations of non‐climatic forcing of marine‐terminating outlet glaciers.
Raman study of structural transformations in self‐assembled diphenylalanine nanotubes at elevated temperatures
Authors: Zelenovskiy Pavel S. , Davydov Anton O. , Krylov Alexander S. , Kholkin Andrei L.
Published: January 2017

Self‐assembled peptide diphenylalanine (NH2‐Phe‐Phe‐COOH, FF) is one of the most important emergent functional materials, demonstrating wide range of fascinating physical and chemical properties including biocompatibility, chemical variability, exceptional rigidity, outstanding piezoelectric, pyroelectric and ferroelectric responses. Up to now, the phase transitions in FF nanotubes were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry and mass spectroscopy. The Raman spectroscopy was implemented at room temperature only, and the microscopic details of these transitions remained unknown. In this work, the structural transformations in FF nanotubes at elevated temperatures (up to tubes destruction at 160 °C) were studied by Raman spectroscopy. Two structural transformations were observed in this region: hexagonal to orthorhombic transition at about 100 °C and the cyclization of FF molecules at about 150 °C. For the first time, these transformations were considered in the context of reconstruction of the water subsystem in the nanotubes, thus demonstrating the strong relation between the peptide tube and the state of the water inside. Using an effective frequency of nanotubes' lattice vibrations, we found that many effects observed earlier by other methods are induced by the variation of the water subsystem. The analysis of certain lines in the middle part of the Raman spectrum allowed us to describe the microscopic details of FF molecule cyclization. These results improve the understanding of the role of water in the origin of outstanding properties of FF nanotubes and thus promote developing new functional devices on their basis. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Building discovery relationships and expertise at Oxford University Press
Authors: Wickes Abigail
Published: January 2017

Key points

Centralizing discovery knowledge can improve operational efficiencies while educating and empowering publisher staff.

Streamlining publishers’ metadata creation and distribution can help improve relationships across the supply chain.

Working together to optimize discovery workflows benefits publishers, discovery service partners, and institutional customers.
Tough, Semisynthetic Hydrogels for Adipose Derived Stem Cell Delivery for Chondral Defect Repair
Authors: Anjum Fraz , Carroll Andrew , Young Stuart A. , Flynn Lauren E. , Amsden Brian G.
Published: January 2017

Cell‐based therapies have great potential to regenerate and repair injured articular cartilage, and a range of synthetic and natural polymer‐based hydrogels have been used in combination with stem cells and growth factors for this purpose. Although the hydrogel scaffolds developed to date possess many favorable characteristics, achieving the required mechanical properties has remained a challenge. A hydrogel system with tunable mechanical properties, composed of a mixture of natural and synthetic polymers, and its use for the encapsulation of adipose derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs) is described. Solutions of methacrylated chondroitin sulfate (MCS) are mixed with solutions of acrylate‐poly(trimethylene carbonate)‐b‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly(trimethylene carbonate)‐acrylate (PEG‐(PTMC‐A)2) in phosphate buffered saline and crosslinked via thermally initiated free radical polymerization. The hydrogel compressive equilibrium moduli and toughness are readily tailored by varying the concentration of the pre‐polymers, as well as the molecular weight of the PEG used to prepare the PEG‐(PTMC‐A)2. Two peptide sequences, GVOGEA and GGGGRGDS, are individually conjugated to the MCS to facilitate cell binding. The presence of the peptide ligands yields high ASC viability and long term metabolic activity following encapsulation in hydrogels prepared using the thermal initiator system. Overall, these hydrogels show promise as a minimally invasive ASC delivery strategy for chondral defect repair.

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The Impact of Perceived Visual Complexity of Mobile Online Shops on User's Satisfaction
Authors: Sohn Stefanie , Seegebarth Barbara , Moritz Madleen
Published: January 2017

The use of Internet‐enabled mobile devices (i.e., smartphones and tablets) for shopping purposes has gained in relevance among consumers. As mobile technologies become increasingly powerful, richer modes of presentation (e.g., videos and animated pictures) are used to design mobile online shops resulting in increased visual complexity. Given the importance of fluent mobile web site processing during typically short interactive sessions and the need to bridge a gap in prior research, this article explores the effects of perceived visual complexity on consumers’ perceptions and behavior‐related intentions when using mobile online shops. The findings from two empirical studies (i.e., an online survey and an experimental study) conducted among mobile device‐using online shoppers illustrate that perceived visual complexity negatively influences individuals’ satisfaction with their mobile shopping experience, whereas their channel‐specific satisfaction enhances their loyalty to the online retailer. Customers’ perceived psychological costs (i.e., time and effort costs as well as spatial crowding perceptions) partially mediate the relationship between visual complexity perceptions and satisfaction. As the results of the laboratory experiment show, the mediating role of perceived spatial crowding in the relationship between perceived visual complexity and satisfaction depends on the mobile device individuals use to visit an online shop. Hence, this relationship is mediated by perceptions of spatial crowding only when online shop visitors use a smartphone rather than a tablet.
To “Free” or Not to “Free”: Trait Predictors of Mobile App Purchasing Tendencies
Authors: Dinsmore John B. , Swani Kunal , Dugan Riley G.
Published: January 2017

This research is the first to examine the relationship between personality traits and mobile application (app) purchasing tendencies, specifically the tendency to pay for apps when free alternatives are available (Mobile App Payment), and the tendency to make In‐App Purchases. A hierarchical model of personality traits was tested via structural equation modeling with 257 U.S. college students who own and use mobile devices. The study provides robust evidence that bargain proneness positively influences both Mobile App Payment and In‐App Purchases, with need for arousal positively influencing Mobile App Payment. Additionally, frugality negatively influences both Mobile App Payment and In‐App Purchases. Indirect or mediated effects of extraversion and need for arousal on mobile app purchasing tendencies were also found. Finally, managerial and theoretical implications are discussed.
Outpatient Treatment of Tic Disorders Among Children and Adults
Authors: Smith Joseph L. , Gregory Sean , McBride Nicole , Murphy Tanya K. , Storch Eric A.
Published: January 2017

Introduction

Limited information is available regarding treatment practices in applied settings for children and adults with tic disorders (TDs). We describe, for the first time, the treatment of TDs in U.S. children and adults in the outpatient setting.

Methods

Data from the 2003–2010 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Care Survey were used. Descriptive statistics for modality of treatment and class of pharmacological medications were reported by patient and visit characteristics. Separate multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine associations between patient and visit characteristics and classes of medications prescribed.

Results

One third (n = 99) of the sample did not receive any psychiatric or psychological treatment. Nearly two‐thirds received a psychotropic medication. The most common class of medication was alpha‐2 agonists (25%), followed by stimulants (23%), serotonin‐reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) (19%), atypical antipsychotics (18%), anxiolytics (14%), anticonvulsants (11%), and typical antipsychotics (8%). Comorbid disorders and chronicity of problems were significantly associated with the receipt of certain classes of medications. Relatively few patients (18%) received psychotherapy.

Conclusions

If the decision is made to treat tic disorders, the choice of medication is dependent on the primary complaints, severity, chronicity, and the presence of comorbid psychiatric disorders. In general, comorbid externalizing, anxiety and mood disorders appear to influence treatment decisions in addition to TDs.
Germ cell tumors: Insights from the Drosophila ovary and the mouse testis
Authors: Salz Helen K. , Dawson Emily P. , Heaney Jason D.
Published: January 2017

Ovarian and testicular germ cell tumors of young adults are thought to arise from defects in germ cell development, but the molecular mechanisms underlying malignant transformation are poorly understood. In this review, we focus on the biology of germ cell tumor formation in the Drosophila ovary and the mouse testis, for which evidence supports common underlying mechanisms, such as blocking initiation into the differentiation pathway, impaired lineage progression, and sexual identity instability. We then discuss how these concepts inform our understanding of the disease in humans. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 84: 200–211, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rapid and fulminant leptomeningeal spread following radiotherapy in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma
Authors: Tinkle Christopher L. , Orr Brent A. , Lucas John T. , Klimo Paul , Patay Zoltan , Baker Suzanne J. , Broniscer Alberto , Qaddoumi Ibrahim
Published: January 2017

A 4‐year‐old male presented with rapid‐onset cranial nerve palsy and ataxia. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a pontine mass lesion with discordant conventional and advanced imaging. A stereotactic core biopsy revealed glioblastoma with immunostaining suggestive of histone H3K27M and TP53 mutation, consistent with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. MRI 3 months after radiotherapy revealed extensive new leptomeningeal metastatic disease involving both the supra‐ and infratentorial brain, as well as the imaged portion of the spine. Tissue procured at the time of needle biopsy has undergone striking in vivo expansion as an orthotopic xenograft.
Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells in Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Shank Brandon R. , Do Bryan , Sevin Adrienne , Chen Sheree E , Neelapu Sattva S. , Horowitz Sandra B.
Published: January 2017

Patients with B‐cell hematologic malignancies who progress through first‐ or second‐line chemotherapy have a poor prognosis. Early clinical trials with autologous anti‐CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have demonstrated promising results for patients who have relapsed or refractory disease. Lymphodepleting conditioning regimens, including cyclophosphamide, fludarabine, pentostatin, bendamustine, interleukin‐2, and total body irradiation, are often administered before the infusion of CAR T cells, allowing for greater T‐cell expansion. The major toxicity associated with CAR T‐cell infusions is cytokine release syndrome (CRS), a potentially life‐threatening systemic inflammatory disorder. The quick onset and progression of CRS require rapid detection and intervention to reduce treatment‐related mortality. Management with tocilizumab can help ameliorate the symptoms of severe CRS, allowing steroids, which diminish the expansion and persistence of CAR T cells, to be reserved for tocilizumab‐refractory patients. Other toxicities of CAR T‐cell therapy include neutropenia and/or febrile neutropenia, infection, tumor lysis syndrome, neurotoxicity and nausea/vomiting. A review of patients’ medications is imperative to eliminate medications that may contribute to treatment‐related toxicities. Studies are ongoing to help optimize patient selection, preparation, safety, and management of individuals receiving CAR T cells. Long‐term follow‐up will help establish the place of CAR T cells in therapy.
Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Polymers
Authors: Xie Yujun , Li Zhen
Published: January 2017

The development of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on fluorescent materials has made a great progress in improving light emitting efficiency and full range colors. But it still encounters the low singlet excitons generation ratio of 25% in device. As a solution to this problem, thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) materials can convert the triplet excitons to the singlet ones, thus achieve theoretically 100% exciton utilization efficiency. Up to now, the small TADF molecules have achieved great breakthrough in realizing high external quantum efficiency and full color range including blue, green, and red. While the OLED devices based on macromolecules possess the inherent advantages of simplicity and lower cost in the rapid deposition of large areas at room temperature, especially on large flexible substrates, it is still relatively difficult to realize TADF effect in macromolecules, although several reports have partially confirmed them promising candidates for practical applications. This review summarizes the recent progress in the field of TADF polymers and their device performances in OLEDs, and also gives some outlooks for the further exploration in this field at the end of this paper. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 575–584
Mechanically Strong and Flexible Hydrolyzed Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM‐1) Membranes
Authors: Yong Wai Fen , Chung Tai‐Shung
Published: January 2017

A systematic strategy to molecularly design flexible tough hydrolyzed polymers of intrinsic microporosity (hPIM‐1) films from the PIM‐1 polymer is explored in this study. Flexible films can be fabricated from N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) by appropriate hydrolysis conditions. The optimal weight ratio of NaOH/H2O/EtOH in the base‐catalyzed reaction is 0.5/2/2. Because of the highly polar carboxylic acid groups, the resultant hPIM‐1 has a lower water contact angle. The hPIM‐1 has one‐half fractional free volume compared to PIM‐1 which is in good agreement with permeability. Moreover, hPIM‐1 follows as the same dual‐mode sorption model as PIM‐1. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first ever reported flexible hPIM‐1 film in the literature. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 344–354