bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Flight Evaluating System Using Flight Gear
Authors: Zhang Hua Min , Li Li
Published: August 2013

This paper describes a system for evaluating flight of fixed-wing aircraft. During the flight of an aircraft, flight parameters are obtained and transmitted to the ground station by means of wireless communication. These flight data are received by the ground station and are calculated so as to get the input of flight gear, by internet interfaces flight gear can simulate the real-time state of the aircraft on the ground. The system can be used to evaluate the flight performance of a fixed-wing aircraft.
A Spare-Part Distribution Management Model for Diesel Engine Industry
Authors: Kong Ling Bo , Yu Kai Chao
Published: August 2013

Under the analysis of the current situation and existing problems related to the spare-part distribution management of diesel engine industry, especially the incoordination between service stations and agents, the paper establishes a model featured as the multi-level warehouse, with a view of integrating the information of the whole chain and all levels of diesel engine industry from global warehouse, marketing and basic data, and effectively solving the problems regarding the distribution management of diesel engine industry. In the end of the paper, the implementation of the model in a case company is specified.
The Control System for Ink Keys of Press Based on DSP Controlle
Authors: Wei Zhao Gang
Published: August 2013

We have designed the control system for ink keys of press based on DSP controller TMS320F2812. The operator can remotely control the position of any ink key of ink fountains with a high precision. The upper computer can communicate with any DSP through SCI to transmit the control instructions.
A Robust Large Envelope Flight Controller Design Method Based on the Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Fan Zhan Qi , Liu Lin , Sun Xun
Published: August 2013

A robust flight control method based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is approved in this paper. Because of non-modeling dynamic character and parameter uncertainty are taken into consideration during the controller design process, the flight controller has strong robustness, excellent control performance and one robust controller could realize the large envelope flight control. In order to design the robust flight controller automatically and rapidly, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to select the weighting function. The simulation result shows that the weighting function could be designed automatically and rapidly, the flight controller has good performance and robustness.
A New Method of Detecting Network Traffic Anomalies
Authors: Cai Jun , Liu Wai Xi
Published: August 2013

As Internet communications and applications become more and more complex, accurately describing network traffic information and rapidly monitoring network traffic anomalies have become increasingly challenging tasks. In this paper, we present a framework and method for monitoring network traffic through measuring the dynamic changes of host communities. An unweighted and undirected host interaction network (HIN) is established through extracting the social-behavioral characteristics of network traffic. Based on social-behavior similarity in HIN, host community is defined, and then five features are proposed to capture host community changes. Finally, this method is evaluated through two real-world network traffic, and the experimental results show that the method presented in this paper can effectively capture the dynamic changes of host communities to monitor network traffic.
Algorithms for Acoustic Source Orientation Based on Microphone Array in Robot Audition
Authors: Wang Ming , Chen Jian Hui , Wang Guang Long , Gao Feng Qi , Li Ji Chen , Zhu Wen Jie
Published: August 2013

Acoustic source orientation is an important feature in robot audition. This paper applied a spatial cone six-element (SCSE) microphone array and combined with the time difference of arrival (TDOA) between pairs of spatial separated microphones to estimate acoustic source orientation. Simulate three stages of the acoustic orientation process in a real indoor environment, and results show that the algorithm is simple and effective, reducing the amount of calculation, having anti-noise and reverberation ability to meet the requirements of orientation accuracy.
Flow Control Strategy Research and Simulation Analysis for Liquor Blending System
Authors: Qu Chen Fei , Li Dong Hui
Published: August 2013

Nowadays liquor blending control systems rely on manual operation mainly, which cannot meet requirements of modern production. An approximate model of the system was established after analyzing its important characteristics. The system is nonlinear and has time-lag, it is difficult to control. So Fuzzy-PID-Smith control was used in the controller design for the nonlinear, time-lag system to meet accuracy and no-overshoot requirements. Simulations show this method has good static and dynamic performances and can meet the requirement of no overshoot.
Design and Experiment of Video Capsule Endoscopy Based on Sleep Mode
Authors: Liu Gang , Yan Guo Zheng , Zhu Bing Quan , Xu Fei
Published: August 2013

In view of the contradiction between real-time image acquisition and energy restriction in capsule endoscopy design at present, a video capsule endoscopy system based on sleep mode was designed in compromised method. Hardware and software parts inside the system were designed and studied to realize segmented real-time function of the video capsule endoscopy in the way of dormancy and power outages. So the work time of the video capsule endoscopy would be extended. A prototype was developed which total size was just Φ12mmx25mm, so that it was easy to be swallowed. In the vitro test, the video capsule endoscopy system could work over 9h in one second dormancy mode. The video capsule endoscopy prototype could interval real-time acquire the pig intestine internal image clearly in pig intestine experiment instead of human intestine. Tests and experiments show that these scheme and designs were feasible.
Semiconductor Laser Night Vision Image of Vehicle Recognition Based on Image Processing
Authors: Wang Zhao Xin , Xu Shuang , Gao Ling , Zhang Hui , Zhai Yan Nan
Published: August 2013

The semiconductor laser night imaging system introduced in this paper is an active imaging system. The system using laser as light source,can get the night scene in total darkness conditions at night. So this system has been widely used in the field of public security and vehicle recognition.This system is composed of semiconductor laser diode array, laser transmitting and receiving optical system, camera receiver and DSP system and so on. The main character of this system is the technology of non-scanning laser imaging to obtain laser range images, and then the images are under the treatments of real-time collection, storing, superpose filtering, and characteristics extraction. With the program of centroid coordinate of the target, the optical axis of the optical system will be in coincidence and the action order will be formed.
The Design and Application of the All-Digital Flight Simulation Platform
Authors: Xiao Jing Xin , Deng Lin , Shi Xian Wei , Jia Xin Yu , Sun Yan Jun
Published: August 2013

The development of science and technology promotes the development of industrial and the change of idea and thoughts. Combined with the computer technology and information technology development, a lot of scientific technologies achieved huge improvement. In this context, simulation technology has also made a comprehensive and in-depth development, especially in the design and application of the all-digital flight simulation platform. The building of all-digital flight simulation platform has greatly helped pilots' flying in the complex environment, which has important significance to reducing the flight costs, enhancing the pilot combat techniques, etc. In particular, the development and utilization of the UAV will greatly promote the combat capability of the Air Force, and has great significance to enhance the country's military level.
Discussion about Several Questions of High-Rise Building Fire Control Electrical Design and Installation
Authors: Chen Ying , Wang Xiang Ning , Bao Dong Jie
Published: August 2013

This paper mainly discusses the fire control electrical systems set in high-rise building. When designing and installing the fire control electrical system, we should pay close attention to following some aspects to ensure the reliability of the fire protection system: the probe system settings, laying electrical wiring, and electrical fire alarm system settings, fire protection telephone, broadcast system.
Overview on Intelligent Control Strategy of BLDC Motor Based on PID Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Ying Xu , Qiu Quan , Zhao Quan Ming , Zheng Wen Gang
Published: August 2013

This paper gives a rough review of the intelligent control strategies used in BLDC (Brushless Direct Current) motor controller. The development history of BLDC motor is introduced firstly. The parameter setting problems in a traditional PID control method are analyzed secondly. Then, an intensive introduction on the intelligent control strategies those are used in the PID control system is presented. Finally, the development trend of the intelligent control strategies in the BLDC motor control is discussed.
Study on the Irrigation Measurement and Prediction of Greenhouse Flowers under Water Stress Acoustic Emission Based on Neural Network
Authors: Zou Huan , Wang Xin , Yang Lin Lin , Yang Yan Xin , Zhang Xue Ping
Published: August 2013

Recently, with the rapid development of Chinese flower market, the precision irrigation problem is generally concerned. This paper mainly introduces the basic principles of the automatic irrigation system, and realizes the automatic control of the irrigation volume in irrigation system by utilizing the self-learning characteristics of BP neural network model and the powerful data processing ability of the matlab software.
Analysis of Displacement Caused by Excavation at the Existing Bridge Abutment Cone
Authors: Xu Ze Pei , Li Xi Bing
Published: August 2013

Excavation of existing bridge abutment cone is different from excavation of foundation pit, and the bridge abutment is also different from the slope. During the course of construction at the cone, the settlement and horizontal displacement come into being, but the disciplines of them are very different from the foundation pit and slope. With the engineering example, the discipline of deformation along the length of excavation area is got by monitoring on the abutment surface. The conclusion can provide basis for the reinforcement design of the excavation area at the bridge abutment cone.
Research of Hydraulic Characteristics of Cofferdam and Leaching System on Joint Way of Nanjing Second Yangtse Bridge
Authors: Shi Jian Yong , Yu Xiang Juan , Ai Ying Bo
Published: August 2013

The hydraulic filling is the construction method of joint way in Nanjing Second Yangze Bridge. The leaching facility, drainage time and cofferdam stability in filling are key points in design. By laboratory test, the compaction, direct shear and permeability test of different compaction are investigated. The deformation through field monitor is carried during the cofferdam construction and hydraulic filling. After parameter test and stability analysis according to hydraulic filling, it is shown that the drainage ditch in base of cofferdam can satisfy drainage requirement, the leaching time is about half of one month. The compactness of cofferdam is 0.92. The slope of cofferdam during construction and hydraulic filling is in stability by analysis. And the cofferdam is in stable situation during hydraulic filling according to deformation monitoring result.
Deformation and Stability Analysis of Large Slope Based on ADINA Software
Authors: Yuan Bao Yuan , Pan Wei Fan , Wang Qi
Published: August 2013

Slope failure is a kind of serious geologic disaster. This paper based on the detailed geology survey and analysis, judged the failure mode of the Pipayuan slope; Using ADINA which is professional finite element software, made mechanic calculation of slope, analyzed the stress condition and discussed the change of stress. According to the Strength Reduction Method, the slope stability safety coefficient was calculated. Results show that: the whole slope, may be slide along the soft interlayer, especially in the case in the event of heavy rainThe effectiveness is verified by the finite element calculation of slope with anti-slide pile reinforcement.
The Evaluation of Stability of Rock Mass Slope Based on the Block Theory and DDA Numerical
Authors: Ma Qiang , Li Guang Jie , Hong Yuan
Published: August 2013

The instability of rock mass in a large scale is caused by the geological interaction and movement over a long period of time, of which rock mass system cut by structural plane and free surface. Firstly the block theory and Kinematics vector analysis are applied to program the analysis of stability in rock mass slope in order to be fully utilised in the pragmatic constructions. Through Matlab compilation to calculate out the movable blocks then by DDA analysis method to analyse the movable blocks inconsecutively. The resultant force of rock blocks and strain can be solved to measure the stability of rock blocks according to the results.
Numerical Analysis of Time Dependent Behavior for Celadon Clay Rock
Authors: Hu Lian Xing , Fan Yi Lin , Zhu Xiang Dong
Published: August 2013

A dam site, whose main rock is celadon clay rock, has an obvious time-efficient behavior in the respect of displacement and mechanics from the field observation. This feature has a certain effect to the safety of the dam site. In order to simulate the characteristic of time dependency of this rock with numerical method, this paper first use the monitoring data of test hole to determine the constitutive model, then the rock mechanics parameters were obtained by back analysis method. The results show that there is a good consistency between numerical modeling and field monitoring. This achievement can be used to analysis the stability of project dam.
Study on Material Physical and Mechanical Characteristics Tests on Tailing Dam
Authors: Lv Shu Ran , Zhang Yuan Yuan
Published: August 2013

The article takes tailings dam material as study object. A series tests, including particles analysis test, density test, seepage test, static treaxial test and compression test were conducted to analyze the physical and mechanical properties of heap dam materials. The characteristic curve and data were received. The result can system analysis the deformation laws of dam material. Experiments show that the compression coefficient of tailings is sensitive to void ratio. Through analysis of the strength parameters of the tailings in static triaxial test, it is known that the tailings cohesion can be neglected as 0 and the change of dry density has a larger influence on strength of tailings material.
Numerical Simulation Study on Development of Geothermal Resource in the Borehole Wall Surrounding Temperature Field
Authors: Xu Yuan , Ren Feng Yu , Fu Yu , Zhang Dong Jie
Published: August 2013

Geothermal resource is a very clean source of energy, and its exploration and development has a history of almost one hundred years. In this paper, the mathematical model of multi-physical field on the platform of Comsol Multiphysics software was set up about the flow-solid-Thermal numerical model. During the analysis, rock porosity and permeability of stratum were taken into consideration to study change state of the temperature of export wells and injection wells. Besides, porosity-temperature curve fitting and permeability-temperature curve fitting were made respectively to study the relationship between the stratum temperature and permeability and porosity.
3D Modeling of Ground Fissures Based on Projection-Deviation Method
Authors: Xu Ming Xia , Li Bin , Xu Yong Long , Pei Wei Xia , Wang Guan Hu
Published: August 2013

In this paper, we focus on the problem of how to study ground fissure hazards in 3D way, and establish the 3D model of ground fissure. We mainly solve the expression of spatial distribution characteristics and principle of ground fissure in the digital environment. Projection-Deviation method is adopted to establish the 3D model of an arbitrary ground fissure with an inclination angle according to the actual situation. This method has been verified in Xi'an area, the satisfactory results have been obtained. The research achievement provides a new development tendency for studying ground fissure hazards.
Causes Analysis and Control Measures of Landslide on Expressway from Yangshuo to Pingle in Guangxi
Authors: Yu Chan Juan , Peng Yu Dong
Published: August 2013

According to the analysis on engineering geological and hydrological conditions of landslide on expressway from Yangshuo to Pingle in Guangxi, the formation mechanism of the landslide was summarized. The stability of slope was analyzed by mechanical transfer coefficient method. Then two kinds of effective preventions and treatment measures are proposed: setting retaining structure after drainage, or unloading after drainage. These measures have reference value to the management of the other landslide.
Nuclide u Transport in Radioactive Waste Disposal Field with Weak Permeable Media
Authors: Deng Ying Er , Zhang Wei , Chen Ying Zi
Published: August 2013

This paper took nuclide U as a research object and focused on nuclide U transport. Three-dimensional conceptual model was established for nuclide U transport in certain a radioactive waste disposal field with weak permeable media. Nuclide U transport in the field was studied by means of three-dimensional numerical simulation. Results show that there is good agreement between numerical simulated and observed groundwater level and that the conceptual model and the numerical simulation are reasonable. Nuclide U transport in the field will form a pollution zone after about 10 years in the mainstream direction and pollute groundwater of the southern area. Prevention measures should be adopted for nuclide U transport in the field. The results can provide evaluation of engineering safety of nuclide U transport in the field with scientific basis.
Application of Wire-Line Coring Hydraulic Hammer Drilling in a Deviated Gold Mine Formation
Authors: Tian Min , Yang Kuan Cai , Cai Ji Hua
Published: August 2013

The wire-line coring hydraulic hammer drilling technique was used in the drilling process of gold mine of Henan province, which has solved the problems in a deviated formation. Based on the introduction of field situation, drilling equipments, drilling tool selection and performance parameters of wire-line coring hydraulic hammer, the main factors of hole deviation and prevented measures were discussed and also the deviation mitigation effect of this technology were analyzed and evaluated.
Sr-Nd-Pb Isotopic Geochemistry of the Hukeng Granite Body in Jiangxi Province, South China
Authors: Liu Jun , Liao Zhen Xiu , Chen Ying , Zhan Yong , Guan You Fei
Published: August 2013

The Mesozoic Hukeng granite body locates in southeast limb of Wugongshan compound anticline in Jiangxi Province, South China. This study uses samples from the Hukeng granite body to determine the characteristics of Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes and source of the granite body. The rocks have 87Sr/86Sr ratios as high as 0.84112, suggesting that crustal contamination existed there. The rocks have higher ratios of 87Rb/86Sr, 87Sr/86Sr and (87Sr/86Sr)i, and lower ratios of 147Sm/144Nd, 43Nd/144Nd and lower εNd(t), indicating that the Hukeng granite body possessesEMⅡ-like characteristics. Combined with Pb isotopic values (206Pb/204Pb ratios from 18.5313 to 18.8460, 207Pb/204Pb ratios from 15.6562 to 15.6782 and 208Pb/204Pb ratios from 38.7015 to 38.7565), the Hukeng granite body originated from EMⅡ and suffered crustal contamination in certain extent.
Surface Wave Dispersion Imaging Using Improved τ-p Transform Approach
Authors: Lu Jian Qi , Li Shan You , Li Wei
Published: August 2013

Surface wave dispersion imaging approach is crucial for multi-channel analysis of surface wave (MASW). Because the resolution of inversed S-wave velocity and thickness of a layer are directly subjected to the resolution of imaged dispersion curve. The τ-p transform approach is an efficient and commonly used approach for Rayleigh wave dispersion curve imaging. However, the conventional τ-p transform approach was severely affected by waves amplitude. So, the energy peaks of f-v spectrum were mainly gathered in a narrow frequency range. In order to remedy this shortage, an improved τ-p transform approach was proposed by this paper. Comparison has been made between phase shift and improved τ-p transform approaches using both synthetic and in situ tested data. Result shows that the dispersion image transformed from proposed approach is superior to that either from conventionally τ-p transform or from phase shift approaches.
Influence of Strength Attenuation for Silt Soil on the Fatigue Life of Semi-Rigid Base
Authors: Yi Xiao Ming , Wang Song Gen , Song Xiu Guang , Liu Zhen Qing
Published: August 2013

Influence of water content on the resilience modulus for silt soil in Yellow River alluvial plane is studied by laboratory tests. And its found that resilience modulus decrease dramatically when the water content exceeds the optimum. So the subgrade cant support the pavement structure enough, which could make the fatigue life of semi-rigid base little than the design value. Basing on the distribution of the water content in real, the silt subgrade is divided into three parts in accordance with the difference of resilience modulus. Then, the tensile stress and fatigue life of semi-rigid base is gotten, and results show the strength decay of subgrade reduced the fatigue life of semi-rigid base up to 50%, which exposes the causes of early damage of semi-rigid base asphalt pavement on silt subgrade.
Anisotropic Variation Characteristics of Pore Distribution Based on Saturated Clay Microstructure
Authors: Song Jing , Tang Lian Sheng , Xing Ren Jun
Published: August 2013

The pore characteristics of saturated clay sourced from microstructure pictures in Pearl River Delta region of south China is analyzed considering the microstructure in different sample sections. The histogram statistics are compared with each other by pore data in terms of the size, the shape and the arrangement of link status. The repercussions of including the anisotropy ratio law of pore characteristics are focused to study saturated clay. It is found that the analysis considering anisotropy ratio results in consolidation by pore distribution based on saturated clay microstructure. The soil porosity of horizontal section was larger than that of vertical section. Vertical section status induced the directional property, and it would be presented directional probability entropy which is able to calculating the chaos of overall arrangement which is a lower value because of directional property.
Gushing Water of a Deep Buried Long Tunnel under High Water Pressure and High Ground Stress
Authors: Deng Ying Er , Yuan Ting , Huang Run Qiu , Hu Xiao Nong , Peng Xin
Published: August 2013

This paper focused on calculation of gushing water and evaluation of calculation methods. A groundwater runoff modulus method, a rainfall infiltration coefficient method and a groundwater dynamics method were used to calculate volume rate of water inflow of an ultra deep buried long tunnel under conditions of high water pressure and high ground stress (referred to as two high conditions). Results show that the more volume rate of water inflow occurs in a fault zone with fault gouge, a karst stratum zone and their combination zone. The calculation results by using modified Goodman formula have the highest precision. The results can provide prevention of gushing water of a deep buried long tunnel under the two high conditions with scientific basis.
The Road Surface Collapse Geophysical Exploration and Governance Measures
Authors: Wang Sheng Li , Mi Liang , Wang Jun Ru , Jiang Feng Fei
Published: August 2013

In this paper, using geophysical exploration methods, it investigates the distribution characteristics of the S243 Yuxian road sections' mined areas, ground fissures, collapse columns and underground of the soil cave, analyzes the main causes of collapse, and makes a rational management program.
A Study on the Differences of Mechanical Properties between CH4 and CO2 Hydrate-Bearing Sediments
Authors: Luo Yuan , Song Yong Chen , Liu Wei Guo , Zhao Jia Fei , Chen Yun Fei , Shen Zhi Tao , Ji Chong Ming
Published: August 2013

The CH4-CO2replacement method to recover CH4from hydrate-bearing sediments has received great attention because it enables the long term storage of CO2and is expected to maintain the stability of gas hydrate-bearing sediments. This paper extends our previous study of the stability of CH4hydrate-bearing sediments to CO2hydrate-bearing sediments to evaluate the safety of the CH4-CO2replacement method. Low temperature, high pressure triaxial compression apparatus was used to measure the mechanical properties of CO2hydrate-bearing sediments. The triaxial tests results for CH4and CO2hydrate-bearing sediments were then compared. It was found that the failure mode of both the CO2and CH4hydrate-bearing sediments was a bulging deformation at mid-height on the samples. Moreover, the stress-strain curves of both the CO2and CH4hydrate-bearing sediments appear to be hyperbolic in shape, and could be divided into three stages: the quasi-elastic stage, the hardening stage and the yield stage. However, the strength of the CO2hydrate-bearing sediments was approximately 15% larger than that of the CH4hydrate-bearing sediments under the same conditions. The results imply that the stability of gas hydrate-bearing sediments could be maintained using the CH4-CO2replacement method to recover CH4from these sediments.
Three Dimensional Simulation Method of Landslide Risk
Authors: Hong Yong , Lu Ai Xin , Xu Qiang
Published: August 2013

This paper presents a three dimensional simulation method by modeling on the basis of fluid dynamics and soil mechanics. The programed calculation model is suitable for the simulation of landside that present viscous movement features. Based on the tested parameters by shear tests, the movement of a typical loess landslide was simulated and its spatial range was predicted. The results showed that the loess landslide will lead to a great damage to the local historical sites as well as the densely populated city.
About the Unloading in Elastoplastic Inhomogeneous Bodies
Authors: Andreev Vladimir I.
Published: August 2013

It is generally considered within analysis the residual stresses that unloading occurs on elastic law. For large initial loads, some plasticity theories believe that during unloading secondary plastic deformation can occur. The distinctive work provides a new theorem of unloading, which takes into account irreversible changes in the mechanical characteristics of the material under load. There is an example of the analysis of residual stresses corresponding to the given theorem.
High Containing Fly Ash Grouting Material Performance Test of Large Channel Underlying Goaf
Authors: Yan Qiao , Qin Shi Fu
Published: August 2013

Middle route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project of Yuzhou section of the mined-out area of coal mining area is old, has the characteristics of small coal mine of irregular, no mine distribution, engineering geological conditions are very complicated, decided to adopt the filling grouting treatment after analysis. Because the goaf filling grouting treatment scope, size, slurry material costs become an important factor restricting the engineering project management, and setting strength and fineness requirements of grouting material is relatively low, overall consideration the mined-out geology topography and distribution characteristics, combines with the highway, railway and other treatment of research results of mined-out area, comes up with the cement grout high containing 85% fly ash filling grouting, and provides valuable experience for similar goaf.
Study on Rockburst Intensity Prediction Based on Efficacy Coefficient Method
Authors: Qiu Dao Hong , Li Shu Cai , Zhang Le Wen
Published: August 2013

Based on the basic principle of the efficacy coefficient method, a model of rockburst intensity prediction was established. Considering the key affecting factors of rockburst, three factors were selected as evaluation indexes including the ratio of maximum tangential stress and rock uniaxial compressive strength, the ratio of compressive and tensile strength of rock and elastic energy index. Finally, the model was applied to the rockburst prediction of water diversion tunnel of Jiangbian hydropower station and the results show that the method is reliable, and it provids a new idea to predict rockburst.
Numerical Simulation Study on Three-Dimensional Seepage Field of Deep Excavation Dewatering in Thick Aquifer
Authors: Liu Yan Jun , Shen Li Zhen
Published: August 2013

This article describes the pumping test procedures and test results of the subway project 30m deep excavation dewatering in thick aquifer. A groundwater three-dimensional seepage numerical calculation model is established. We use the model to calculate and compare the calculated results and the actual results, obtain hydrogeological parameters by inversion. Further, we have a numerical simulation study on deep excavation dewatering with the hydrogeological parameters, the Simulation results and excavation pre-dewatering test results are consistent. Test results show that the model can reflect the deep excavation dewatering process with complex geological conditions.
Study on Structural Design and Driving Process of a Subway Station with Large Transection by Tunneling Method
Authors: Zhou Xiao Jun , Yang Chang Yu
Published: August 2013

Structural design and construction process for a subway station consists of two tunnels with large transection are discussed according to its function and geological conditions of rock mass in this paper. A composite lining is designed to support surrounding rock, and partial bench cut method, side drift method are utilized to build the special subway transfer station in rock mass. The practice of the designed scenario proves to be a great success and attains the safe construction of the station by tunneling method.
Stability Analysis of Storage Caverns in Bedded Salt Rock Formation
Authors: Zhang Ming , Yang Qiang
Published: August 2013

Salt cavern storage is usually in bedded salt rock formation except salt dome, in particular in China. The rocks composing a bedded salt rock formation, e.g., mudstone, rock salt, interlayer, etc., often present viscoelastic-plastic behaviors, which is an important influencing factor of the long-term stability of salt caverns in it. Modelling the rheological behavior with the Druck-Prager creep model, an example of stability analysis of four salt caverns at Jintan Salt Mine of China with the finite element method is elaborated in this paper. The results show that besides the inevitable loss of effective storage room with time due to creep deformation, which decreases evidently with internal pressure but decreases slowly at a certain pressure value, the variation of operating internal pressure in each cavern can cause the change of volumes of other nearby caverns and then affect the stability of all the caverns. The internal pressure difference should be as small as possible during the operation of salt caverns.
Design of Blasting Scheme Based on Numerical Simulation
Authors: Li Zhen Hui , Zhao Yue Tang , Chu Cheng
Published: August 2013

Operating safety of adjacent pre-constructed pipeline must be insured when the crude oil and refined oil pipeline is under construction. Applying finite element method, the peak velocities of observed points located at test segment and operating segment of West to East Gas Transmission Pipeline were calculated, and the ratio of the two peak velocities in different relative positions was also obtained. Taking advantage of quantitative relationship between the detonation charge and vibration velocity of particle on the pipeline, the ratio of detonation charge is derived from the peak velocity ratio, thereby the blasting scheme of West to East Gas Transmission Pipeline with different thickness is ascertained. This method is not only economical and convenient, but also has no damage to the pipeline, which also works for other blast schemes of different conditions.
Prediction for Long-Term Deformation of Existing Tunnels Induced by Underground Excavation in Shanghai Subway Project
Authors: Zhang Zhi Guo , Zhang Meng Xi , Xiao Xiao
Published: August 2013

The long-term deformation behavior for existing underground structures induced by tunneling is a hot problem which engineers designing and practicing in urban subway engineering encounter more frequently than in the past. Based on the Shanghai Railway Transportation project, the long-term deformation of existing tunnels caused by underground excavation is proposed considering soil consolidation by 3D consolidation finite element numerical simulation method. The maximum consolidation deformation values for service Line 4 are obtained within the time span of thirty years after the tunneling excavation is completed. Furthermore, comparisons between numerical simulation results and the field data are conducted according to site investigations. It is concluded that the calculated consolidation displacements are in general consistent with the observed shapes and the soil consolidation has a significant influence on the deformation behavior of existing tunnels during the service process.
Research on Mechanical Behavior of Pipe-Roof Reinforcement Applied in Tunnel Based on MATLAB
Authors: Sun Zhi Jie , Shen Jun Min , Su Zhong Ming , Xue Xiao Hui
Published: August 2013

Based on the Pasternak elastic foundation beam theory, mechanical models solving process of pipe-roof based on the MATLAB is elaborate, and the mechanical behavior of pipe-roof reinforcement is analyzed. Results show that the pipe-roof can play an leveraged part in surrounding rock, which can make the deformation and the load around tunnel face effectively passing to no excavation section near the excavation. In pipe-roof support conditions, the longitudinal influence scope of tunnel due to excavation is about 1.3~1.5 times the excavation height.
Study of Tunnel Surrounding Rock Classification Based on Drifting Degree and Uncertainty Measurement
Authors: Hu Lan , Li Tao , Qiu Wen Ge
Published: August 2013

Based on contrast analysis of tunnel surrounding rock classification method, five basic indicators were selected as evaluation factors. Evaluation matrix was constructed by uncertainty measurement theory. Weight was established by introducing drifting degree concept. The principle of maximum membership degree was choosed as evaluation criterion.Then a tunnel surrounding rock classification model was built.This comprehensive evaluation method made full use of its own parameters and evaluation standard to completely avoid the subjective influence of traditional weights determination and the sample set, making itself more objectivity and accuracy, having a strong operability. The practical engineering showed that this model applied to tunnel surrounding rock classification was feasible and had certain superiority, providing a new way for tunnel surrounding rock classification.
Discussion of Tunnel Displacement Control Reference Group the Relevance of Factors for Earthquake Zone
Authors: Zhou Yi , He Chuan , Wu Hai Bin , Xu Jin Hua
Published: August 2013

In order to explore the factors affecting the establishment of displacement control criterion for the soft rock tunnel in the earthquake region and then to provide basis for the following establishment of base values, this paper in the context of a highway soft-rock-tunnel passing through the Long-men-shan Fault, summarized the main influencing factors on the basis of the existing deformation control criterion and then proposed the main factors of deformation control criterion suited for the project after combining its own characteristics. The result revealed that: the burial depth of tunnels and the characteristic of the rock masses are critical factors affecting the deformation control criterion of the soft-rock tunnel in earthquake area; the construction methods and the cross-section dimensions are both the important factors for the deformation control criterion.
Stochastic Prediction for Frost Heave Effect of a Subway Tunnel
Authors: Zhou Tai Quan
Published: August 2013

Horizontal freezing induces ground frost heave and ground displacement happens. Excessive uneven displacement or deformation may be dangerous to the surrounding building. The stratum that a Nanjing subway tunnel will traverse through is the soft and silt clay. The artificial freezing construction method is proposed to help the tunnel to traverse through the worse stratum. To control the ground building deformation and displacement due to the ground frost heave, the frost heave effect for the artificial freezing construction should be predicted before the construction process. The stochastic media theory is proposed to predict the frost heave effect due to the artificial freezing construction in the paper. The basic analysis procedure for analyzing frost heave effect is introduced and ground deformations such as ground vertical displacement, ground curvature are analyzed. The analysis result shows that the ground deformation due to the frost heaves is in the limit of ground displacement control requirement.
Study on the Influence of Pit Excavation on the Stability of Underground Openings Using Different Models
Authors: Yang Ya Xin , Shao Guo Jian , Yu Jing Fu , Chen Guang Yuan
Published: August 2013

Simplified plane strain model and 3-D model were used to research the influence of pit excavation on the stability of underground openings using the finite element method (FEM). Conclusion from the 3-D FEM study is that the central region of the pit will have a large springback deformation and the openings will also float up at the same time because of large ranges of pit excavation. When using the simplified two-dimensional plane strain model for the analysis of this problem, the size of the excavation region leads directly to two completely inconsistent results. If the excavation region was wider than the openings the springback deformation would be obtained, while the settlement would be obtained if the opening was wider than the excavation region. Therefore the two-dimensional plane strain model is not proper for the analysis of the stability of the openings under this condition.
Numerical Simulation Method of Safe Distance between Concealed Karst Cave and Tunnel Based on Energy Catastrophe
Authors: Lai Yong Biao , Wang Meng Shu , Bai Cheng Guang
Published: August 2013

Stability of rock stratum between concealed karst cave and tunnel is evaluated by the catastrophe theory. The numerical simulation method of safe distance between concealed karst cave and tunnel is proposed based on catastrophe theory energy catastrophe. Through array of rock stratum energy change and distance change between concealed karst cave and tunnel, a cusp catastrophe model of safe distance between concealed karst cave and tunnel is built. The simulation of safe distance between concealed karst cave and tunnel can be finished by Ansys program and Matlab, and automatically calculates the safe distance by a compile interface program, which is verified by engineering example.
Small Spacing Tunnels the Blasting Excavation Dynamic Effect
Authors: Mo You , Teng Bin , Zou Zu Yin , Li Lin , Zhong Mei
Published: August 2013

Kinetic research of Small spacing tunnel blasting excavation is always the hot issue both at home and abroad. In this paper, the entrance section of a small spacing tunnel is chose as an example, the Explicit dynamic finite element model and the Euler method is adopted to accurately simulate the process of blasting vibration, and the peak vibration velocity response of the tunnel is gotten. Studies has shown that, the peak velocity is more sensitive to space change when clear distance is less than 1.5 times of the hole diameter; various depth of tunnel causes different clamping action of surrounding rock, thus has different effects on peak velocity; vibration velocity at head-burst side is 5-8 times more than that at back side, vibration velocity at tunnel waist is 1.98-2.23 times more than that at up side, vibration velocity at tunnel shoulder is 1.68-1.85 times more than that at up side, so the waist position at head-burst side should be given exclusive attention.
Engineering Feasibility Study on the Beijing East 2nd Ring Underground Road
Authors: Wu Jin Gang , Chen Ren Dong , Bi Qiang , Guo Hua
Published: August 2013

The Beijing East 2nd Ring underground road is one of the three horizontal and four vertical underground expressways, and it is an important part of Beijing's expressway system. Technical standards, engineering line location, geological conditions, construction methods, construction organization, controlling conditions of the project are illustrated in the paper. Research and demonstration of the feasibility of the projects is carried out. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The overall line location conform to the city's underground transportation system planning. (2) The overall project layout is correct. Underground space is used reasonably. The urban expressways system can be improved. The technical standards of the expressway project can be satisfied. (3) The project connects Puhuangyu Expressway and Beijing-Chengde Highway. Cross-border traffic is solved. That plays an important role to ease the traffic pressure of city center road network. (4) Large diameter shield construction program is feasible. (5) The large cross-section of proposed tunnel, complex construction environment, high technical difficulty, could be included in the forefront of the construction of city tunnel at home and abroad. Scientific and technological research and research projects are proposed to carry out, laying a solid foundation for the smooth implementation.
The Study of Numerical Analysis about the Stability of Tunnels with Typical Planes of Fracture
Authors: Huang Bo , Liu Rui Jun
Published: August 2013

The optimum shape of the tunnel is usually decided by many factors. Not only should it ensure the stability of surrounding rock and the advantageous of masonry's stress, but also it need to meet the using requirements of the cavern, the convenience of the construction, the least excavated volume and the best economic results. Seeking the optimal shapes of the carven which is under the specific condition has always been paid great attention by engineers. With the help of ADINA finite element analysis software, this paper imitates related data in elastic theory about the excavation of tunnels with the typical planes of fracture which are under the same geology condition. After that, it contrasts the actual computing results with the theoretical analysis, and then studies planes of fracture's optimal excavated shapes of the tunnels.
Integrated Advanced Geological Prediction for Tunneling in Karst Area
Authors: Tan Xin Rong , Chen Shou Gen , Zhao Yu Bao , Ma Hui
Published: August 2013

As a single advanced geological prediction method has its adaptability and deficiency, it is hard to find unfavorable geological body comprehensively and accurately, so an integrated advance geological prediction system is proposed. The system divided the prediction process into three stages, which are long term prediction, medium term prediction and short term prediction. The three stages are complement and verification for each other to achieve a reliable geological prediction result. The system has been applied to a practical geological prediction of Doupengshan Tunnel on the high speed railway from Guiyang to Guangzhou of China. From the application, a finalized geological prediction result has been obtained, which suggests that the system can obtain a reliable geological prediction result.
Analysis on Feet-Lock Bolt in Viscoelastic Surrounding Rock
Authors: Huang Qiang
Published: August 2013

The effect of feet-lock bolt was studied in the rheological surrounding rock by numerical simulation. The results show: feet-lock bolt can improve the force state of vault, feet-lock bolt and grouting can improve the effect of vault stress state better in weak rock. After invert is applied, invert become the main load-bearing structure, the function of feet-lock bolt is greatly reduced after invert applied.
Numerical Analysis of Large Pipe Roof Support Reinforcement in Shallow Expansive Loess Tunnel
Authors: Xu Bang Shu , Zeng Zhong Yi , Chen Cheng , Wang Lei
Published: August 2013

Xiaohegou tunnel is an under construction shallow expansive loess tunnel with Large Pipe Roof Support. Large Pipe Roof Support construction and excavation of the tunnel was simulated by the Fast Lagrangian finite difference software Flac3D. The pipe roof loading states and the deformation of surrounding rock in front of the tunnel face was obtained in each step of excavation, and the results was compared with a simulation without Large Pipe Roof Support. The results show that the reinforcement effect of Pipe Roof was to restrain the plastic flow of soft soil, and Pipe Roof help to share soil pressure, which could decrease the tunnel deformation effectively.
Instability Mechanism of Surrounding Rock for Super-Large Cross Section at High-Speed Railway Tunnel Portal
Authors: Wu Shuang Lan , Yang Shi Hao , Zhang Xue Wen
Published: August 2013

Difficulties of tunnel construction mainly appear in the entrance and exit stage, some adverse geological problems may occur. In terms of the tunnel at the Changsha-Kunming section of the Shanghai-Kunming passenger line, firstly, adverse geological phenomena at tunnel exits was described. Secondly, major factors leading to disasters were listed, including geology, hydrology and construction procedure. Combined with in-situ conditions, Finite Element Method (FEM) was used to analyze the instability mechanism of surrounding rock after the upper arch gate was excavated by three-bench seven-step exaction method. At last, through comparison between computed result and measuring data, several basic conclusions was obtained. It can make much sense to similar engineering.
Research on Geological Safety of the Southern Section of Gouzhigou Tunnel in the Pipeline Project
Authors: Li Zheng Shan , Shen Nai Qi , Teng Yong Bo , Yan Yu Shen , Yang Guang , Pan Wen Yan
Published: August 2013

The southern section of Gouzhigou tunnel, which is in the pipeline project of the natural gas transmission from the western to the eastern region, is located in the medium mountain canyon area in the northern Tianshan fold belt, Xinjiang. The physical geography and geological environment conditions at the tunnel project area are complex. After a field survey, the geological hidden trouble in the project area mainly are unstable rock and collapses at the cave entrance, unstable slopes, abandoned slag slopes and the stability of surrounding rocks. In this paper, the distribution, size and characteristics of the geological hazards are described. The risks of the hazards and the impacts of the tunnel construction safety are analyzed. At last based on the evaluation results of geological security, prevention measures are put forward to remove or weaken the geologic hidden trouble.