bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immigrant Background and Rape Conviction: A 21-Year Follow-Up Study in Sweden
Authors: Khoshnood Ardavan M. , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina
Published: January 2025

While extensive research exists on the severe consequences among rape victims, little is known about specific predictors in relation to rape convictions among immigrants to Europe. This study from Sweden (having one of Europe’s highest per capita rates of rape) investigates individuals convicted of rape, aggravated rape, attempted rape, or attempted aggravated rape, collectively termed as rape+, against women 18 years or older, from 2000 to 2020. In this case-control study, we analyzed data from Swedish population-based registers. The analysis includes 4,032 individuals convicted of rape+ and 20,160 matched controls. We used logistic regression models to examine the relationship between immigrant background and rape+ convictions, while adjusting for several potential confounders. We found that 36.9% of the convicted individuals and 69.5% of the controls were Swedish-born with two Swedish-born parents. The odds of being convicted of rape were higher for individuals with an immigrant background across all models. After adjusting for potential confounders (socioeconomic status, substance use disorders, psychiatric disorders, and criminal behavior), these odds decreased but remained significant, especially for those born outside Sweden and arriving at age 15 or older. Our findings reveal a strong link between immigrant background and rape convictions that remains after statistical adjustment. The mechanisms behind the overrepresentation of individuals with an immigrant background among those convicted of rape+ need further exploration.
Developmental Trends in the Relationships Between Adolescent Career Maturity and Predictors in South Korea: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies
Authors: Son Sookyoung , Jang Yoona , Yoon Miri
Published: January 2025

This study examines how self-esteem and social support (parental, teacher, and peer) influence the career maturity of Korean adolescents over time. By synthesizing findings from 18 longitudinal studies, a meta-analysis was conducted. Results reveal that while self-esteem initially shows a strong correlation with career maturity, this relationship weakens significantly as adolescents age. In contrast, peer support maintains a relatively stable correlation with career maturity, even in late adolescence. Parental support also shows a gradual decline in its effect, but less sharply than self-esteem. Teacher support, though initially the weakest predictor, remains consistently correlated with career maturity throughout adolescence. These findings underscore the critical role of early self-esteem and social support in fostering career maturity and highlight the differing impacts of these factors over time.
Enoxaparin-Induced Bullous Hemorrhagic Dermatosis and Enoxaparin Rechallenge: A Case Report
Authors: Tokuo Momoko , Cohen Kaplon Stacey
Published: January 2025

Purpose: A case of enoxaparin-induced bullous hemorrhagic dermatosis is reported. Summary: A 69-year-old male with past medical history including chronic atrial fibrillation and a re-do aortic valve replacement, anticoagulated on warfarin, received an enoxaparin bridge for a molar extraction. On day 7 after restarting enoxaparin post-procedure at a therapeutic dose of 90 mg every 12 hours, the patient noticed multiple small, dark, raised lesions on his forearm and ankle. The patient denied pain, itchiness, or initiation of new medications other than enoxaparin. The patient had never experienced this side effect in the past, although he had two prior exposures to enoxaparin. A review of the available literature on cutaneous side effects from enoxaparin was performed and it was determined that the patient experienced enoxaparin-induced bullous hemorrhagic dermatosis. There is currently limited guidance on management of this rare side effect and whether enoxaparin rechallenge is safe. As benefit outweighed risk for the patient, the enoxaparin bridge was continued for an additional 3 doses, until the patient completed his supply of enoxaparin at home. Approximately within 1 week after enoxaparin was discontinued, the hemorrhagic bullae disappeared. The patient was re-exposed to enoxaparin 6 months later for a colonoscopy and the side effect did not reoccur. Conclusion: It may be safe to continue enoxaparin while experiencing enoxaparin-induced bullous hemorrhagic dermatosis as the condition is typically self-limiting. This case report shows that re-exposure to enoxaparin may be safe as it may not result in reoccurrence of the side effect.
Preparation of thermally rearranged (TR) copolybenzoxazoles with enhanced gas permeability
Authors: Suzuki Tomoyuki
Published: January 2025

Gas transport properties of thermally rearranged polybenzoxazoles without fluorene rings (TR- coPBOs) were studied. Specific volumes ( V sps) of the TR- coPBOs were larger than the values predicted by the theoretical additive rule, stating that copolymerizing heterogeneous structures into a part of the rigid main chains caused inhibition of molecular chain packing. Gas permeability coefficients of the TR- coPBOs exceeded those predicted by the theoretical semi-logarithmic additivity and came to be maximized at the copolymerization of 10 mol% of heterogeneous units. The increasing gas permeability could be attributed to the increasing free volumes due to the copolymerization of heterogeneous units. Despite the specific increase in CO2 permeability by the copolymerization, the TR- coPBOs possessed high CO2/CH4 selectivity. This fact demonstrated the TR- coPBOs could achieve simultaneously high CO2 permeability and CO2/CH4 selectivity, maintaining inherent high CO2/CH4 permselectivity.
Trajectory optimization method of terminal self-reconfiguring live working robot based on Fourier series
Authors: Junkang Yu , Wei Jiang , Chuang Gong , Dehua Zou , Wei Chen , Hongjun Li
Published: January 2025

End-effector self-reconfiguring live working robot autonomously replaces the end actuator of the robot arm for different tasks, and at the same time completes high-altitude work tasks according to the designed motion plan. In order to ensure uninterrupted operation on power transmission lines, the research methods to enhance the efficiency of robot arm work while reducing energy consumption is of significant importance. Based on this, the paper proposes a time-energy optimal trajectory optimization method for a six-joint robotic arm of a reconfigurable robot for power line maintenance based on Fourier series, taking into account the influence of both robot kinematics and dynamics on the motion trajectory, the positions, velocities, accelerations and joint torques are all considered as constraints. Time and energy are chosen as objective functions. By utilizing the Lagrangian equation method establish an energy-based robot dynamic model in generalized coordinates. The motion curves of each joint are obtained by the cubic spline interpolation method in the joint space, and the boundary conditions of the motion curves are optimized by Fourier series, so as to establish the optimal trajectory mathematical model. The time-energy optimal trajectory planning problem is transformed into a convex optimization problem, the DTW (Dynamic Time Warping) algorithm is used to regularize the difference between the time function and the energy function in the displacement sequence under the known trajectory, and the number of terms in the Fourier series of the minimum hour of the objective function is obtained by the GA-DQN (Genetic Algorithm-Deep Q-Network) algorithm. Finally, with the actuator replacement at the end of the robotic arm as the operation objective, the time-energy optimal trajectory is obtained from the desired positional attitude at the initial and termination of the end of the robotic arm. Simulation analysis is carried out under MATLAB and compared with the motion trajectory obtained by the fifth degree polynomial interpolation method, and the results show that by optimizing the motion trajectory with Fourier series, the motion time is shortened by about 35.67% and the energy consumption is reduced by about 39.63%. And online experiments were conducted in the field to measure the output errors of joints 2 and 5, as well as the actual energy and time consumption of outputting the optimal trajectories, which verified that the trajectories obtained under this optimization algorithm have better performance and can meet the requirements of online robot end self-reconfiguration operation.
Preparation of the cutting edge on broaching tools by brushing-polishing with ceramic brushes: Analysis and prediction of effects
Authors: Pérez-Salinas Cristian , Mayorga-Ases Leticia , Carranza-Calero Diego , Muñoz Valverde Pablo , Norberto López de Lacalle Luis
Published: January 2025

In recent years, cutting-edge preparation has emerged as a topic of great relevance in the manufacturing industry, given its influential role in the performance of cutting tools. This article details the use of the brushing-polishing BP method of cutting-edge preparation on tungsten carbide tools for the broaching process. The innovation of this approach lies in the use of stiff ceramic bristle brushes, which exhibit exceptional impact resistance, a crucial requirement for brushing and polishing operations. The main process parameters are addressed and analysed, together with their influence on aspects such as cutting-edge rounding, material removal rate ( MRR) and resulting surface quality/roughness. In parallel, a repeatability and reproducibility ( R&R) analysis is carried out, cutting force estimation by FEA, as well as a prediction of the development and growth of the cutting-edge radius using machine learning ( ML) algorithms. The results obtained reveal that the required radius and surface roughness were achieved in very short times, being less than 10 min to reach the maximum radius and less than 2 min to obtain optimum roughness ( Ra = 0.12, Rz = 0.8). The accuracy of the reproducibility of the cutting-edge radius is comparable to other preparation methods, such as drag finishing and microblasting, with an edge preparation system affectation rate of 14%. The cutting force by the filament obtained by FEA is 0.4 N, like similar processes studied and sufficient for the abrasion process. The effectiveness of the prediction method is evidenced by the low training and cutting-edge radius prediction errors of 2.6% and 1.7%, respectively, demonstrating the effectiveness of the ML prediction approach. Ultimately, it is verified that the planning-polishing process is feasible and reliable for cutting-edge preparation on broaching tools under controlled conditions, allowing the required cutting-edge radius to be obtained with the necessary surface quality for subsequent anti-wear coatings.
Tuned dampers in railway track – Recent developments, challenges, and future prospects- a review
Authors: Chen Long , Jing Guoqing , Nateghi Yekta , Wang Bo , Tavakol Mohammad
Published: January 2025

Noise and vibration caused by a train’s passage have been one of the main problems in the railway industry, which disturb the residents in the vicinity, and can damage surrounding buildings. To solve this problem several technologies have been developed in both railway superstructure and substructure. One of the most effective solutions which can be used in superstructures is rail dampers. This paper aims to comprehensively review different types of rail damper, recent developments through Tuned Dampers, and describe challenges to more widespread adoptions. Limitations of using tuned dampers include temperature sensitivity, long-term performance data limitation, installation and geometric limitations, and manufacturing errors. This study also presents potential approaches that can be used to overcome challenges in the adoption and utilization of tuned rail dampers. Furthermore, several perspectives and suggestions for future research are mentioned.
Research on the flow characteristics of the axial inlet section in a rotor-stator cavity with inward throughflow
Authors: Liu Jiajie , Liu Jun , Liu Guang , Wang Pei , Shen Xin , Pengfei Wang , Du Qiang
Published: January 2025

The inlet for the rotor-stator cavity with inward flow is typically a high-swirl flow introduced at the centrifugal compressor outlet. When this flow enters and flows through the axial inlet section and entrance bend, there can be significant changes in the flow parameters, which can affect the overall flow characteristics inside the cavity. The emphasis of this study is on the airflow mixing process at the bend section. By combining experimental study on the rotor-stator cavity with numerical simulations, the study investigates the internal flow characteristics of the cavity’s inlet section under different flow coefficients [Formula: see text] and rotational Reynolds numbers [Formula: see text], with inlet swirl ratios [Formula: see text] ranging from 0 to 0.7 and turbulence coefficients [Formula: see text] between 0 and 0.55. Under different operating conditions, the internal flow field in the cavity conforms to the Batchelor flow pattern. The study found that the distribution of the flow field at the inlet section is jointly determined by the non-dimensional parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, a physical model was established, which combined with the process of mixing of the airflow at the bend section of the inlet, and formed an accurate description of the corresponding relationship between the mixing airflow swirl ratio [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. Based on this, an empirical correlation was developed with a correlation coefficient of 0.998. This empirical correlation can provide a theoretical correction for the flow field distribution of the axial inlet section in a rotor-stator cavity.
Adaptive Backstepping Control for Underwater Robots in Complex Environments
Authors: Jalalnezhad Mostafa , Keymasi-Khalaji Ali , Ghane Mahdi
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the tracking control of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) in challenging ocean conditions. To address disturbances from waves and uncertainties in AUV parameters, a robust adaptive controller is developed. The controller utilizes an adaptive backstepping algorithm to achieve control objectives. The stability of the control law is analyzed using the Lyapunov method, and performance is validated through case studies. The study focuses on tracking control of the AUV in the presence of disturbances, which are modelled as unknown parameters. An adaptive algorithm is used to estimate these parameters, and the backstepping method is employed for system control. The backstepping controller has been implemented to effectively follow reference trajectories and maintain stability of the AUV within their vicinity. The results of the proposed method were compared with those of the sliding mode controller in the scenario of unmodeled dynamics, with the proposed method demonstrating superior performance. Results demonstrate that the adaptive backstepping controller effectively maintains tracking despite disturbances. The study highlights the benefits of incorporating disturbance estimation in underwater vehicle control.
Neural network sliding mode control of multi-agent systems based on a preview mechanism and whale optimization algorithm
Authors: Chen Yuxin , Ren Junchao
Published: January 2025

In this work, a neural network sliding mode control (SMC) scheme is proposed to address the tracking issue of discrete-time multi-agent systems (MASs) with unknown nonlinearities by combining the preview mechanism and whale optimization algorithm. An augmented error system (AES) was constructed, which includes previewable reference and disturbance signals. A new sliding mode surface is designed for AES, and the stability criteria are proposed for the sliding mode dynamics. Utilizing the preview mechanism and whale optimization algorithm, the neural network-based SMC law is designed to satisfy the discrete-time reachability condition. Two simulation examples are provided to demonstrate that the proposed control scheme can effectively enhance the tracking performance of MASs.
Healthcare Utilisation Amongst Children  Under 2 Years in India During the COVID-19  Pandemic: Results from a Cross-sectional  Survey
Authors: Sengupta Paramita , Majhi Jitendra , Mehta Kayur , Rajeev Tushara , Banerjee Preetika , Gupta Madhu , Pocius Stephanie , Agarwal Smisha , Acharjee Arita , Kaur Nimran , Shet Anita
Published: January 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to widespread disruptions in child healthcare utilisation globally. We conducted a cross-sectional household-based survey between July 2021 and May 2022 in Chandigarh and West Bengal, India to understand the impact of these disruptions on healthcare utilisation patterns for acute and routine healthcare among caregivers of young children. Among 460 children enrolled, the median age was 13.6 months (IQR 6.7–18.3), and 49.8% were male. The majority of the participants (>90%) reported no problems in accessing routine healthcare or treatment for their children. Weight checks were conducted in 89.1% of all children and amongst age-eligible children, 94.9% received vitamin A supplements and 97.4% had received routine immunisation. However, only 14.3% and 42.9% had their heights checked and received deworming medication, respectively. Common issues faced while seeking routine healthcare services included the unavailability of height measuring scales (54.8%) and lack of awareness (50%). The ability to access healthcare services with minimal problems despite the COVID-19 pandemic is likely attributable to the study areas being served by tertiary care medical colleges and their outreach mechanisms. Models similar to these need to be adapted to cope with future pandemics.
Research Progress in the Treatment of  Depression by Acupuncture and Moxibustion  Based on the Five Viscera and Its Mechanism
Authors: Zhang Ruisu , Zhang Qian , Zhang Dandan , Zhang Ning , Li Qingwei , Li Chenyang , Wang Long
Published: January 2025

Severe depression is the most common mental disorder, with a heavy economic burden and limited treatment. The lifetime prevalence of depression among adults in China is 6.8%, with depression accounting for 3.4%. Currently, there are 95 million people suffering from depression in China, with approximately 280,000 people committing suicide each year, of whom 40% suffer from depression. Oral antidepressants are commonly used treatment methods in modern medicine, but they have significant drawbacks. Acupuncture therapy has shown promising physiological and pharmacological research evidence and good clinical efficacy, with small side effects, lasting efficacy, and low cost in depression. Depression is classified as a “depression syndrome” in traditional Chinese medicine, and its disease progress is closely related to the damage of the five zang organs: heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney. Acupuncture and moxibustion have been proven to be effective in treating depression by intervening in the points related to the five viscera. This article summarizes the research progress of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of depression from the perspective of the five viscera.
Tomatidine, A Promising Steroidal Alkaloid Alleviates Various Noxious Stimuli Induced Nociception in Mice Model
Authors: Chen Jiajia , Wang Xi , Wang Dan , Yin Hengming , Ma Guoping
Published: January 2025

Background

Nociception, often described as the body’s ability to sense and respond to harmful stimuli, represents a global discomfort that profoundly impacts individuals across the globe. It functions as a fundamental warning process, alerting organisms against potential threats and promoting protective behaviors. However, when dysregulated or chronic, nociception can become a significant burden, leading to persistent pain and diminished quality of life. Various analgesic drugs play a crucial role in alleviating pain and improving the quality of life for millions of people worldwide. While analgesic drugs provide significant relief for acute and chronic pain conditions, they can cause side effects ranging from mild gastrointestinal disturbances, drowsiness, and constipation to major complications such as cardiovascular damage and nephrotoxicity.

Purpose

Hence, we investigated the potency of a phytochemical tomatidine against various noxious stimuli-induced nociception.

Methods

Tomatidine pain-relieving potency has been assessed against heat stimuli and chemical-induced visceral pain. The neuropathic pain-relieving potency of tomatidine was examined with glutamate and capsaicin-induced mice models.

Results

Tomatidine potency against intense pain was examined with a formalin-induced biphasic nociception model. Carrageenan induced an inflammatory response, peritoneal leukocyte infiltration, and air pouch model were performed to analyze the anti-inflammatory effect of tomatidine against inflammatory cytokines-induced nociception. The antisedative potency of tomatidine was confirmed with open-field test analysis. Our results confirm that tomatidine effectively inhibited nociception induced by thermal and chemical stimuli. It also alleviates the inflammatory cytokines stimulated pain and does not render any sedative effect in mice models.

Conclusion

To conclude tomatidine is a potent nonsedative antinociceptive drug that can be formulated as an analgesic.
Study of Clinical Profile and Short-term Outcome of Dissociative Disorder in Children and Adolescents—An Observational Study
Authors: Mohamed Raiza , Koparde Vinayak , Chate Sameeran , Patil Nanasaheb
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Dissociative disorder is a common and distressing condition seen in children and adolescents, especially in the Indian population. It is associated with impairment in routine functioning, school absenteeism, and a significant distress and economic burden on the caregivers. There is scarcity of outcome studies in the Indian population.

Aims:

This study aimed to evaluate the sociodemographic and clinical profile of children and adolescents with dissociative disorder and find the outcome with treatment as usual at the end of one month.

Methods:

This was an observational study conducted in a tertiary care hospital over a period of one year. Fifty-one children and adolescents with mean age 14.2 years (± 2.050) with dissociative disorder (International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision [ICD-10]) were included in the study. Sociodemographic and clinical details were assessed using semi-structured proforma and Children Global Assessment Scale (CGAS), and Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) were used to assess baseline functioning. After one month of treatment, as usual, outcome was assessed either face-to-face or through telecommunication using CGAS, CGI-S scales.

Results:

Dissociative stupor (37.3%) was the most common type of presentation followed by dissociative convulsions (21.6%). Most prevalent stressor was familial (39.2%) and parenting style was authoritative (19.6%). Slow-to-warm-up temperament was most frequent (39.2%) in study subjects. At the end of one month of treatment as usual on CGAS, the percentage of subjects with obvious or serious problems reduced to 7.9 from 35.3% which was statistically significant ( P <.05). On CGI-S 56.8% of the participants significantly improved on follow-up ( P < .05). On CGI-I, 51% had much improvement, 19.1% showed very much improvement from baseline, whereas, 31.4% had minimal improvement.

Conclusion:

Dissociative disorders are common in adolescent age and most commonly associated with familial stressors and authoritative parenting in our study. We found a significant number improved at the end of one month with treatment as usual indicating good short-term outcomes.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Domestic Violence Among Pregnant Women Attending Tertiary Level Hospital
Authors: Thapa Savina , Rokaya Yagya , Thapa Nabin , Lama Monika , Rai Maya , Giri Rajendra Mani , Pahadi Nirmala Kumari , Maharjan Ramu , Sign Lokjan , Kumar Anil
Published: January 2025

Introduction

This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with domestic violence among pregnant women who attended a tertiary-level hospital.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 385 pregnant women who attended the maternal and child health clinic of a tertiary-level hospital using a structured interview schedule. A consecutive sampling technique was used for data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were applied for data analysis.

Results

The study revealed that domestic violence was prevalent among 63.1% of the pregnant women. Among 243 women who experienced domestic violence, 29.9% reported emotional violence, 42.6% reported physical violence, and 51.4% reported sexual violence. Logistic regression analysis showed that relationships with family and husbands were statistically significant in reducing the risk of domestic violence, with odds ratios below 1 and P values < .05.

Conclusion

The study highlighted the alarming prevalence of domestic violence among pregnant women, underscoring the need for targeted interventions, support systems, and increased awareness to protect the well-being of both mothers and unborn children.
The Quality Evaluation of Antibiotics for the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers in the Intensive Care Unit of Public Private Hospital, Semarang City
Authors: Farizi Gilang Rizki Al , Vidiani A.A.P. Paramitha , Gloria Fransisca , Karlina Dewi , Astuti Enggar Budi
Published: January 2025

Background

Diabetic ulcers are infections caused by the loss of the deepest skin tissue on the feet of patients with diabetes mellitus. Appropriate treatment, such as antibiotic therapy, is necessary to prevent the spread of infection and antibiotic resistance.

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate the use of antibiotics to treat diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) qualitatively using Gyssens analysis in the intensive care units (ICUs).

Methods

The study was held retrospectively by analyzing the quality of antibiotics used with Gyssens. Data collection was held at Roemani Muhammadiyah Semarang Hospital, Semarang City. Subjects involved in this study included all ICU patients who were prescribed antibiotics from January 2020 until December 2022.

Results

The results showed that the highest of single-use antibiotics was Meropenem (7.14%), the dual antibiotic combination was Clindamycin plus Meropenem (7.14%) and a triple antibiotic combination was Metronidazole plus Ceftriaxone plus Ciprofloxacin (3.57%), Ceftriaxone plus Meropenem plus Levofloxacin (3.57%). The accuracy of antibiotic use based on Gyssens analysis was obtained from 41 prescriptions it was the category appropriate were 16 prescriptions (39.02%), inappropriate doses were six prescriptions (14.63%), too short use was 13 prescriptions (31.71%), and more effective antibiotics needed were six patients (14.63%).

Conclusion

The utilization rate among antibiotics for the treatment of DFU was deemed inappropriate. It was also necessary to perform a bacterial culture before deciding on the mode of administration.
Prevalence of pathogens in abnormal honey bees in South Korea, 2020–2023
Authors: Heo Juhaeng , Yoo Dae-Sung , Cheon Doo-Sung , Kim Yongrae , Kim Dae-Yong
Published: January 2025

South Korea’s beekeeping industry has been facing a major crisis due to colony collapse disorder (CCD), manifesting since the winter of 2021. CCD in South Korea is presumed to be caused by a combination of factors, including an abnormal climate, pesticide use, declining source plants, and increased honey bee diseases. We examined the prevalence of 12 major honey bee ( Apis mellifera) pathogens by sampling 3,707 colonies with abnormal behavior and suspected pathogen infections from 1,378 apiaries nationwide between 2020 and 2023. Black queen cell virus (BQCV), deformed wing virus (DWV), Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV), and Vairimorpha ( Nosema) ceranae had the highest infection rates among honey bees in South Korea. BQCV had the highest infection rate (83.3% in 2023) and was highly prevalent throughout the year, regardless of the season. DWV (48.7%) and IAPV (41.3%) had the highest infection rates in October–December, corresponding to the winter season. Among the 12 honey bee pathogens, acute bee paralysis virus and Kashmir bee virus were rarely detected; the remaining 10 honey bee pathogens were detected throughout the year. The differences in honey bee pathogen prevalence among regions were not significant. We suggest that South Korean honey bees are highly exposed to viral pathogens, possibly resulting in the loss of unhealthy honey bees during the winter. Our study is expected to help identify trends in the occurrence of honey bee pathogens in South Korea and predict outbreaks to prepare a prevention system and appropriate control measures for honey bee pathogens.
Detection and analysis of enzootic nasal tumor virus 2 in China
Authors: Li Pengfei , Cao Xiaoan , Wu Jinyan , Liu Xiaobo , Mao Shouhui , Yuan Ligang , Shang Youjun
Published: January 2025

Enzootic nasal tumor virus 2 (ENTV2), the etiologic agent of enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma (ENA) in goats, is highly prevalent in China and causes significant economic losses to the goat industry. Here we describe the occurrence of ENA on a Dazu black goat farm in Chongqing City. At autopsy, nasal cavity masses were observed within the nose of an affected goat; histologically, the tumor was a nasal adenocarcinoma. The qPCR results demonstrated unequivocally that ENTV2 was the primary pathogen responsible for the tumor in this goat. We also collected nasal swab samples from all 180 goats on the farm; 9 goats tested positive for ENTV2. We generated the sequence of the full-length genome of ENTV2 (named ENTV2CQ, GenBank OR024676) with 7,469 nucleotides from nasal tumors from our case. ENTV2CQ shared the highest nucleotide identity with a previously sequenced isolate, ENTV2FJ (GenBank MK559457.1). ENTV2CQ and ENTV2FJ are located in the same major phylogenetic branch, mainly related to isolates from China from 2015 to 2022, and their phylogeny may be clustered geographically.
Prognostic Value of Surgical Resection for Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Patients Comorbid With Minimal Pleural Effusion
Authors: Wang Haibo , Lu Tao , Zheng Xinlong , Jiang Kan , Zhang Longfeng , Zheng Xiaobin , Miao Qian , Wu Shiwen , Zou Zihua , Yang Shanshan , Li Yujing , Chen Sihui , Xu Yiquan , Lin Gen
Published: January 2025

Background

The proportion and impact of minimal pleural effusion (PE) on prognosis remain blurred in operable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who reported minimal PE on imaging.

Methods

Clinical and prognostic data of operable NSCLC patients who presented no distant metastasis, no direct pleural invasion, but minimal PE on preoperative imaging were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into surgical (81 cases) and non-surgical (10 cases) cohorts. Potential or suspected malignant PE or pleural metastases were confirmed by surgery. The overall survival (OS) was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curve and prognostic factors by multivariate Cox regression.

Results

The surgical cohort reported no pleural invasion on preoperative imaging and no pleural metastases by postoperative pathology, with an overall median disease-free survival of 36.7 (28.6, 44.7) months and a median OS of 59.8 (45.7, 73.2) months, with the latter significantly longer in the surgical cohort than in the non-surgical cohort (59.8 months vs 20.37 months, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated surgical treatment as an independent prognostic factor for OS.

Conclusion

Malignant PE is rare in operable NSCLC patients who report the presence of minimal PE but no distant metastasis or direct pleural invasion on preoperative imaging. Surgery may be the preferred treatment for these patients.
Theoretical and experimental study on a novel 3D lattice-structured shock-absorption device produced by digital light processing additive manufacturing
Authors: Xu Borui , Qin Lang , Wang Gerald J , Wang Wenbin
Published: January 2025

Digital light processing (DLP) additive manufactured technology uses ultraviolet light to solidify and shape liquid polymers, enabling the creation of intricate devices with viscoelastic properties. In this study, a 3D lattice-structured shock-absorption device using DLP on polyurethane is produced. To better characterize the mechanical behaviors of the device, experimental tests for the additive manufactured device samples are performed and the frequency-dependent force-displacement characteristics are specifically explored. An intriguing phenomenon is observed in which the storage modulus of the device samples initially increases to a peak value with a specific load frequency and subsequently decreases as the frequency further increases. This phenomenon cannot be characterized by the conventional Zener model, where the storage modulus monotonically increases with frequency. To better explain this phenomenon, a modified fractional-derivative Zener (FDZ) model is introduced. In this modified FDZ model, the mechanism of frequency-dependent reversible buckling is introduced to explain the increase-decrease trend of storage modulus. Through the comparison between experimental and theoretical results, it is shown that the modified FDZ model effectively captures the increase-decrease trend of the storage modulus in the device samples and exhibits an overall error of less than 8%, which is a substantial improvement over the Zener model.
Beginning in Multiple Midst: Living Alongside in Narrative Inquiry
Authors: Blix Bodil H. , Steeves Pamela , Caine Vera , Clandinin Jean
Published: January 2025

Narrative inquiry is often represented by using fragments of field texts. Drawing on a 4-year study alongside refugee families from Syria, we show the importance of acknowledging the multiple and nested contexts within which field texts are situated. We illustrate how each moment is reflective of being in the midst—of social, institutional, and cultural narratives, formula stories, multiple relationships, domestic details, and silences. Attending to living in the midst allows us to contemplate perplexities amid a plurality of experiences that are embedded and understood as part of living within unfolding lives and relationships.
A Bayesian computational technique for learning the airflow resistance of acoustical fibrous materials at high temperatures
Authors: Samarasinghe Thamasha , Herath Sumudu
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the acoustic performance of various porous materials at elevated temperatures, employing Constrained Gaussian Process Regression (CGPR) to model the relationship between specific airflow resistance and the absolute temperature. Experimental data on six fibrous material samples at 600°C are used to develop and compare CGPR models against conventional Power Law Regression (PLR) methods. The developed CGPR incorporates constraints such as boundedness, monotonicity and convexity/concavity derived from the evident relationships and prior knowledge of the specific airflow resistance versus temperature variations. The results of this study prove the outperformance of the developed CGPR over PLR methods in terms of data efficiency, predictive accuracy, uncertainty quantification, overfitting recovery and extrapolation capability. This comparative analysis outlines a significant improvement in the predictive accuracy of CGPR, achieving improved coefficient of determination values compared to PLR. CGPR also furnishes a direct strategy to quantify the uncertainty of predictions which is vital for applications at elevated temperatures. Additionally, CGPR offers valuable insights into sound absorption behaviour, highlighting its applicability in thermal acoustics and materials engineering. Prospective research avenues stem from this research as the developed CGPR technique has the potential to replace various modelling techniques in materials science and acoustic engineering applications.
Interferon beta in the cytokine network: an anti-inflammatory pathway
Authors: Billiau A
Published: January 2025

Interferons are cytokines and thus fulfil a vital role in communication between cells in their microenvironment Type I interferons, the group to which interferon beta (IFN-β) belongs, share several structural and functional properties by which they distinguish themselves from type II interferon or IFN-y. In particular, IFN-β can be produced by many different cells while IFN-y is an exclusively lymphocytic cytokine, i.e. a lymphokine. IFN-β is functionally linked to other cytokines as it can be induced by some of them (e.g. interleukin I) and as its actions can be potentiated or antagonized by other cytokines. Such interactions can take place at several levels, e.g. at the level of signal transduction and transcription activation. Of potential interest for the role of IFN-β in multiple sclerosis is its ability to function as a deactivator of mononuclear phagocytes, and hence as an inhibitor of inflammation.
Early treatment trials with interferon beta in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Panitch HS
Published: January 2025

Recent reports of the successful treatment of relopsing-remitting MS with interferon beta-lb (IFN-β) have ushered in a new era of immunotherapy. In a sense, this was the result of a remarkable conjunction of molecular biotechnology, immunology and clinical research, resulting in the first therapeutic agent to alter the course of this previously untreatable disease. In more concrete terms, the use of IFN-β in MS was the logical outcome of a series of clinical trials of natural and recombinant IFNs carried out over the past decade, and of concurrent laboratory research suggesting that the effects of the IFNs in MS are mediated by immunoregulatory rather than antiviral or antiproliferative mechanisms. It is now known that the proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) are probably involved in the pathogenesis of MS lesions. In contrast, type I IFNs (α and β) tend to inhibit the activity of IFN-γ and to prevent disease activity. The earliest controlled studies of natural IFN-α and IFN-β, carried out in the early 1980s, led to the phase III clinical trial of systemic recombinant IFN-β (Betaseron), recently completed in the United States and Canada. In patients treated with high-dose IFN-β there were significant reductions in relapse rate and in the appearance of new lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The US Food and Drug Administration approved Betaseron for treatment of relapsing-remitting MS in 1993, and it is now in widespread clinical use. A trial of another recombinant IFN-β, given by intramuscular injection once a week, was also recently completed. The results of this study are awaited with great interest because the primary end point was progression of disability rather than relapse rate. Meanwhile, recombinant IFN-α was reported to prevent relapses and MRI changes in a small but well- designed trial. In this paper, the early clinical studies and some of the immunological developments leading to the use of IFN-β in MS are reviewed.
Human interferon omega - a review
Authors: Adolf GR
Published: January 2025

A single functional gene in the human genome codes for interferon omega (IFN-ω), a monomeric glycoprotein distantly related in structure to IFN- α and IFN-β, but unrelated to IFN-γ. IFN-α is secreted by virus-infected leukocytes as a major component of human leukocyte interferon. The human class IIFN receptor complex which mediates the biological activity of IFN-α and IFN-β also binds IFN-ω. Its specific activity in a standard in vitro antiviral assay system is 4 × 108 U mg-1; potent antiviral activity against several DNA and RNA viruses has been demonstrated. IFN-ω inhibits proliferation of a variety of tumor cell lines in vitro. The protein stimulates natural killer cell activity, enhances expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (but not class II) antigens and inhibits proliferation of lymphocytes stimulated with mitogens or allogeneic cells. IFN-a is unrelated to IFN-α, -β and -γ in its antigenic properties, as it does not cross-react with antisera or monoclonal antibodies in immunoassays or antiviral neutralization bioassays. Antibodies induced in patients by long-term IFN-α2 therapy that block IFN-α2 activity do not inactivate IFN-ω. As IFN-ω, like other human IFNs, has a species-restricted biological activity, evaluation of its therapeutic potential will have to await clinical trials.
Interferon beta in the treatment of multiple sclerosis – closing remarks
Authors: Kappos L
Published: January 2025

In the concluding remarks I summarise my personal ‘take home’ messages and also yet to be answered questions from this timely and informative European Charcot Foundation Symposium.
Treatment of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis with natural interferon beta: a multicenter, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Fernández O , Antiquëdad A , Arbizu T , Capdevíla A , Castro P de , Sa JC Correa de , García-Merino JA , Izquierdo G , Magalhaes A , Montalbán X , Zarranz JJ
Published: January 2025

Preliminary results of a multicenter, randomized study on the effect of natural interferon beta (n-INFN-β) in relapsing-remitting MS are reported. Sixty patients received either no treatment or n-IFN-β) (9 MIU three times a week, subcutaneously). After 6 months, the n-IFN-β-treated group showed a 58% median reduction in the number of active lesions detected on monthly magnetic resonance imaging scans as well as a 38% reduction in the exacerbation rate as compared with the control group. Side-effects were mild and self-limiting. The study continues according to the protocol.
Radical or aligned? Assessing issue congruence between youth wing elites, parliamentary candidates and voters in Norway
Authors: Kolltveit Kristoffer , Karlsen Rune
Published: January 2025

Party youth wings are generally said to be more ideologically extreme than their mother parties. Youth wing elites, however, can have career reasons to align with mother party elites and voters. Although there is a growing body of literature focusing on party youth wings and an established literature on issue congruence, few studies have compared the opinions of youth wing elites with those of their mother party elites and the electorate. We ask, in what ways and to what extent do youth wing elites align ideologically with party elites and the electorate? We draw on surveys to youth wing members in leading positions, voters and parliamentary candidates, and explore congruences on the ideological left–right scale as well as on the climate, immigration and centre–periphery issues. Youth wing elites are indeed more extreme than voters and party elites, but there are clear differences across issues and parties, suggesting that all youth wings have the potential to be clear correctives to their mother parties.
Healthcare resource utilization and costs after initiating direct-acting oral anticoagulants or low molecular weight heparins in patients with venous thromboembolism
Authors: Okoye Godwin , Ben-Umeh Kenechukwu C , Avanceña Anton LV , Onukwugha Eberechukwu
Published: January 2025

Background:

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) can lead to significant healthcare resource utilization (HcRU) and costs. First-line treatments such as direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOAC) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) are utilized for VTE management. There are limited observational studies to determine which first-line drug for VTE is associated with lower HcRU and cost. Therefore, we sought to compare HcRU and costs of commercially insured patients with VTE who initiated DOAC or LMWH in the US.

Methods:

We utilized Merative MarketScan Research Database (2016–2021) to identify adults initiating DOAC or LMWH for VTE. Baseline measures were assessed 12 months prior to the index date of drug initiation. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to control confounding. For HcRU, logistic regression was used to model emergency room and inpatient visits and the negative binomial count model was used for outpatient visits. The average marginal effect for total healthcare cost comparing DOAC with LMWH users was estimated using a generalized linear model. HcRU and costs were evaluated for 12 months posttreatment initiation.

Results:

DOAC users had lower odds of inpatient visits (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.53, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.59), emergency room visits (aOR 0.86, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.99), and outpatient visits (adjusted incident rate ratio 0.52, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.54) in comparison to LMWH users. DOAC users had lower total healthcare costs of −$9573 (95% CI −$11,149 to −$7997) (US dollars).

Conclusion:

This cohort study suggests that DOAC use is associated with fewer inpatient, outpatient, and emergency room visits, and lower healthcare costs compared to LMWH use for VTE management.
An evaluation of the impact of a cancer support specialist service on families of children with cancer and the multidisciplinary team in a children’s health service in Ireland
Authors: Murphy Maryanne , Fulham-McQuillan Hugh , Higgins Agnes , Brenner Maria
Published: January 2025

The onset of childhood cancer is sudden and unexpected, and the effect on the family unit can be enormous as they embark on a major life transition. Families of children with cancer have a high level of psychosocial needs due to the many challenges they may face during their child’s cancer journey. Previous research indicates that the current healthcare system does not always meet these needs. This qualitative descriptive study aimed to explore the impact of a new Cancer Support Specialist Service from the perspective of the families and the multidisciplinary team. Data were collected using semi-structured one-to-one interviews. The impact on the family was increased emotional, practical, informational, and navigational support. The impact on the MDT included freeing up time for the clinical component of their work, decreasing worry that unmet needs for parents were not being addressed, and increasing access to timely flexible support for families. The knowledge advanced by this study can inform future planning of the Cancer Support Specialist Service.
The relationship between environmental perception and organizational adaptation strategy at the single discipline level: The case of higher music education
Authors: Hertzog Jacob
Published: January 2025

This paper presents the relationship between organizational adaptation strategy and environmental perception for a single academic discipline: music. Music units were found to exhibit a trend toward the adoption of greater levels of organizational change as environmental perception increased, supporting the importance of environmental sensing capabilities in academe. Adaptations additionally clustered around organizational expansion as environmental perception increased providing important implications for music and other areas of higher education experiencing a rapidly evolving industrial environment. The case of higher music education illustrates challenges involved in measuring organizational change and offers a contribution to theoretical constructs in the evaluation of externally driven institutional change.