bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Why We Still Need Ethnosurveys in Migration Research: Empirical Evidence From Poland
Authors: Kaczmarczyk Paweł , Salamońska Justyna
Published: September 2018

This article addresses ethnosurvey methodology, a combination of ethnographic and survey research in migrant origin and destination countries, that is designed to elucidate a better understanding of the multiple facets of migration processes. First, the article reviews the utility of ethnosurvey methodology for researching contemporary migration. Second, it outlines the strengths of ethnosurvey methodology with its combination of ethnographic and survey research for allowing study of phenomena for which social embeddedness matters. Ethnosurvey research carried out in the Polish context since the 1990s is used to illustrate both the advantages, for example, complexity of approach, multilevel analyses, ability to capture various forms of mobility, and disadvantages, for example, sampling, methodological foundations, and the value added of mixed methods for ethnosurvey methodology.
Portfolio careers
Authors: Fahami Radia
Published: September 2018

General practice has always been a gateway to pursue various clinical interests, and has provided clinicians with the flexibility to choose how they balance these interests with their duties as a GP. Other than a position as a partner, salaried or locum GP, the option of becoming a ‘portfolio’ GP has become more attractive in recent years, with various deaneries supporting this via ‘fellowship’ programmes. This article focuses on the various types of portfolio career, and how these career options can be pursued.
Comparing three portable, tablet-based visuomotor tasks to laboratory versions: An assessment of test validity
Authors: Bedore Christopher D , Livermore Jasmine , Lehmann Hugo , Brown Liana E
Published: September 2018

The assessment of visuomotor function can provide important information about neurological status. Many tasks exist for testing visuomotor function in the laboratory, but the availability of portable, easy-to-use versions that allow reliable, accurate, and precise measurement of movement timing and accuracy has been limited. We developed a tablet application that uses three laboratory visuomotor tests: the double-step task, interception task, and stop-signal task. We asked the participants to perform both the lab and tablet versions of each task and compared their response patterns across equipment types to assess the validity of the tablet versions. On the double-step task, the participants adjusted to the displaced target adequately in both the lab and tablet versions. On the interception task, the participants intercepted nonaccelerating targets and performed worse on accelerating targets in both versions of the task. On the stop-signal task, the participants successfully inhibited their reaching movements on short stop-signal delays (50–150 ms) more frequently than on long stop-signal delays (200 ms) in both versions of the task. Our findings suggest that the tablet version of each task assesses visuomotor processing in the same way as their respective laboratory version, thus providing the research community with a new tool to assess visuomotor function.
A survey of simulation provenance systems: modeling, capturing, querying, visualization, and advanced utilization
Authors: Suh Young-Kyoon , Lee Ki Yong
Published: September 2018

Research and education through computer simulation has been actively conducted in various scientific and engineering fields including computational science engineering. Accordingly, there have been a lot of attentions paid to actively utilize provenance information regarding such computer simulations, particularly conducted on high-performance computing and storage resources. In this manuscript we provide a comprehensive survey of a wide range of existing systems to utilize provenance data produced by simulation. Specifically, we (1) categorize extant provenance research articles into several major themes along with well-motivated criteria, (2) grasp and compare primary functions/features of the existing systems in each category, and (3) then ultimately propose new research directions that have never been pioneered before. In particular, we present a taxonomy of scientific platforms regarding provenance support and holistically tabulate the major functionalities and supporting levels of the studied systems. Finally, we conclude this article with a summary of our contributions.
Epidemiology and microbiology of Gram-positive bloodstream infections in a tertiary-care hospital in Beijing, China: a 6-year retrospective study
Authors: Zhu Qiang , Yue Yan , Zhu Lichen , Cui Jiewei , Zhu Minghui , Chen Liangan , Yang Zhen , Liang Zhixin
Published: September 2018

Background

Gram-positive bacterial bloodstream infections (BSIs) are serious diseases associated with high morbidity and mortality. The following study examines the incidence, clinical characteristics and microbiological features, drug resistance situations and mortality associated with Gram-positive BSIs at a large Chinese tertiary-care hospital in Beijing, China.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of patients with Gram-positive BSIs was performed between January 1, 2011, and June 31, 2017, at the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital. The patients’ data were collected and included in the reviewing electronic medical records.

Results

A total of 6887 episodes of Gram-positive BSIs occurred among 4275 patients over 6 years, and there were 3438 significant BSI episodes 69% of these cases were healthcare-associated, while 31% were community-associated. The overall incidence of Gram-positive BSIs fluctuated from 7.26 to 4.63 episodes per 1000 admissions over 6 years. Malignancy was the most common comorbidity and indwelling central intravenous catheter was the most common predisposing factor for BSI. Staphylococci were the major pathogen (65.5%), followed by Enterococcus spp:(17.5%), Streptococcus spp.(7.1%) and other bacterial pathogens (9.9%). The resistance rates of Staphylococci and E.faecium to penicillins were more than 90%. the vancomycin-resistant isolates were E. faecium (4.1%) and staphylococcus epidermidis (0.13%); and only E.faecalis and E.faecium showed resistance to linezolid (3.8% and 3.1%). Between 2011 and 2017, the overall mortality of Gram-positive BSIs decreased from 6.27 to 4.75% (X2 = 0.912, p = 0.892). Neverthess, the mortality in the ICU decreased from 60.46 to 47.82%, while in the general ward it increased from 39.54 to 52.18%.

Conclusions

The morbidity and mortality of Gram-positive BSIs have showed downward trends. Vancomycin and linezolid are still consider the best treatment for patients with Gram-positive BSIs.
Stress-path-dependent velocities in shales: Impact on 4D seismic interpretation
Authors: Holt Rune M. , Bauer Andreas , Bakk Audun
Published: September 2018

Overburden stresses and pore pressure are altered by depletion or inflation of a subsurface reservoir, leading to seismic traveltime and reflectivity changes that may be interpreted as footprints of reservoir drainage or injection. Our objective is to contribute to the quantification of expected 4D seismic time shifts and reflectivities by understanding how overburden stresses and strains change and how seismic velocities depend on these stress and strain changes. The stress sensitivity of ultrasonic velocities has been obtained from controlled laboratory experiments in which field shale cores are brought to in situ conditions and then probed with different stress paths, i.e., different ratios between the horizontal and vertical stress change. The tests are performed in undrained conditions, and pore-pressure changes are recorded. The experiments indicate that the velocity and pore-pressure changes depend linearly on the stress path. The latter is a verification of the applicability of Skempton’s law from soil mechanics for shales. Overburden stress paths are, through analytical and numerical geomechanical modeling, seen to depend on the aspect ratio of the depleting or inflating zone, on the elastic contrast between the overburden and the reservoir, and on the reservoir tilt. By combining laboratory data and simulated overburden stress paths, the response of in situ wave velocities to reservoir pore-pressure change can be estimated. The calculated in situ stress dependence of the vertical P-wave velocity shows significant dependence on stress path. The strain sensitivity, expressed by the dilation parameter, or [Formula: see text] factor, increases strongly with the stress path. This expresses the explicit sensitivity of [Formula: see text] to vertical in situ strain. The results also indicate that the time-lapse overburden response may be significantly influenced by pore-pressure changes in the overburden.
Deepwater reservoir prediction using broadband seismic-driven impedance inversion and seismic sedimentology in the South China Sea
Authors: Luo Yaneng , Huang Handong , Yang Yadi , Li Qixin , Zhang Sheng , Zhang Jinwei
Published: September 2018

In recent years, many important discoveries have been made in the marine deepwater hydrocarbon exploration in the South China Sea, which indicates the huge exploration potential of this area. However, the seismic prediction of deepwater reservoirs is very challenging because of the complex sedimentation, the ghost problem, and the low exploration level with sparse wells in deepwater areas. Conventional impedance inversion methods interpolate the low frequencies from well-log data with the constraints of interpreted horizons to fill in the frequency gap between the seismic velocity and seismic data and thereby recover the absolute impedance values that may be inaccurate and cause biased inversion results if wells are sparse and geology is complex. The variable-depth streamer seismic data contain the missing low frequencies and provide a new opportunity to remove the need to estimate the low-frequency components from well-log data. Therefore, we first developed a broadband seismic-driven impedance inversion approach using the seismic velocity as initial low-frequency model based on the Bayesian framework. The synthetic data example demonstrates that our broadband impedance inversion approach is of high resolution and it can automatically balance between the inversion resolution and stability. Then, we perform seismic sedimentology stratal slices on the broadband seismic data to analyze the depositional evolution history of the deepwater reservoirs. Finally, we combine the broadband amplitude stratal slices with the impedance inversion results to comprehensively predict the distribution of deepwater reservoirs. Real data application results in the South China Sea verify the feasibility and effectiveness of our method, which can provide a guidance for the future deepwater hydrocarbon exploration in this area.
Altered dynamics of scaRNA2 and scaRNA9 in response to stress correlates with disrupted nuclear organization
Authors: Logan Madelyn K. , Burke Marilyn F. , Hebert Michael D.
Published: September 2018

Small Cajal body-specific RNAs (scaRNAs) are part of small Cajal body-specific ribonucleoproteins (scaRNPs) that modify small nuclear RNA (snRNA) in Cajal Bodies (CBs). Several scaRNAs (scaRNA 2, 9 and 17) have been found to generate smaller, nucleolus-enriched fragments. We hypothesize that the fragments derived from scaRNA 2, 9 and 17 form regulatory RNPs that influence the level of modifications within rRNA by altering small nucleolar RNP (snoRNP) activity. Here we show that external factors such as DNA damaging agents can alter the scaRNA9 full-length to processed fragment ratio. We also show that full-length scaRNA2 levels are likewise impacted by DNA damage, which correlates with the disruption of SMN, coilin and WRAP53 co-localization in CBs. The dynamics of scaRNA9 were also shown to be affected by Drosha levels, which suggests that this protein may participate in the biogenesis and processing of this non-coding RNA. Identification of factors that contribute to scaRNA 2, 9 and 17 processing may facilitate an assessment of how external stress can lead to changes in rRNA modifications.
Estimating the contribution of studies in network meta-analysis: paths, flows and streams
Authors: Papakonstantinou Theodoros , Nikolakopoulou Adriani , Rücker Gerta , Chaimani Anna , Schwarzer Guido , Egger Matthias , Salanti Georgia
Published: September 2018

In network meta-analysis, it is important to assess the influence of the limitations or other characteristics of individual studies on the estimates obtained from the network. The percentage contribution matrix, which shows how much each direct treatment effect contributes to each treatment effect estimate from network meta-analysis, is crucial in this context. We use ideas from graph theory to derive the percentage that is contributed by each direct treatment effect. We start with the ‘projection’ matrix in a two-step network meta-analysis model, called the H matrix, which is analogous to the hat matrix in a linear regression model. We develop a method to translate H entries to percentage contributions based on the observation that the rows of H can be interpreted as flow networks, where a stream is defined as the composition of a path and its associated flow. We present an algorithm that identifies the flow of evidence in each path and decomposes it into direct comparisons. To illustrate the methodology, we use two published networks of interventions. The first compares no treatment, quinolone antibiotics, non-quinolone antibiotics and antiseptics for underlying eardrum perforations and the second compares 14 antimanic drugs. We believe that this approach is a useful and novel addition to network meta-analysis methodology, which allows the consistent derivation of the percentage contributions of direct evidence from individual studies to network treatment effects.
Understanding myocardial infarction
Authors: Saleh Moussa , Ambrose John A
Published: September 2018

Over the last 40 years, our understanding of the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction has evolved and allowed new treatment strategies that have greatly improved survival. Over the years, there has been a radical shift in therapy from passive healing of the infarction through weeks of bed rest to early discharge usually within 2 to 3 days as a result of immediate reperfusion strategies and other guideline-directed medical therapies. Nevertheless, challenges remain. Patients who develop cardiogenic shock still face a high 30-day mortality of at least 40%. Perhaps even more important is how do we identify and prevent patients from developing myocardial infarction in the first place? This article discusses these milestones of therapy and considers important issues for progress in the future.
Providing gene-to-variant and variant-to-gene database identifier mappings to use with BridgeDb mapping services.
Authors: Ehrhart Friederike , Melius Jonathan , Cirillo Elisa , Kutmon Martina , Willighagen Egon L. , Coort Susan L. , Curfs Leopold M.G. , Evelo Chris T.
Published: September 2018

Database identifier mapping services are important to make database information interoperable. BridgeDb offers such a service. Available mapping for BridgeDb link 1. genes and gene products identifiers, 2. metabolite identifiers and InChI structure description, and 3. identifiers for biochemical reactions and interactions between multiple resources that use such IDs while the mappings are obtained from multiple sources. In this study we created BridgeDb mapping databases for selections of genes-to-variants (and variants-to-genes) based on the variants described in Ensembl. Moreover, we demonstrated the use of these mappings in different software tools like R, PathVisio, Cytoscape and a local installation using Docker. The variant mapping databases are now described on the BridgeDb website and are available from the BridgeDb mapping database repository and updated according to the regular BridgeDb mapping update schedule.
NovoGraph: Genome graph construction from multiple long-read de novo assemblies
Authors: Biederstedt Evan , Oliver Jeffrey C. , Hansen Nancy F. , Jajoo Aarti , Dunn Nathan , Olson Andrew , Busby Ben , Dilthey Alexander T.
Published: September 2018

Genome graphs are emerging as an important novel approach to the analysis of high-throughput sequencing data. By explicitly representing genetic variants and alternative haplotypes in a mappable data structure, they can enable the improved analysis of structurally variable and hyperpolymorphic regions of the genome. In most existing approaches, graphs are constructed from variant call sets derived from short-read sequencing. As long-read sequencing becomes more cost-effective and enables de novo assembly for increasing numbers of whole genomes, a method for the direct construction of a genome graph from sets of assembled human genomes would be desirable. Such assembly-based genome graphs would encompass the wide spectrum of genetic variation accessible to long-read-based de novo assembly, including large structural variants and divergent haplotypes.

Here we present NovoGraph, a method for the construction of a genome graph directly from a set of de novo assemblies. NovoGraph constructs a genome-wide multiple sequence alignment of all input contigs and uses a simple criterion of homologous-identical recombination to convert the multiple sequence alignment into a graph. NovoGraph outputs resulting graphs in VCF format that can be loaded into third-party genome graph toolkits. To demonstrate NovoGraph, we construct a genome graph with 23,478,835 variant sites and 30,582,795 variant alleles from de novo assemblies of seven ethnically diverse human genomes (AK1, CHM1, CHM13, HG003, HG004, HX1, NA19240). Initial evaluations show that mapping against the constructed graph reduces the average mismatch rate of reads from sample NA12878 by approximately 0.2%, albeit at a slightly increased rate of reads that remain unmapped.
Case Report: Ostium secundum atrial septal defect with unilateral lung hypervascularity revealing associated right pulmonary artery stenosis
Authors: Slim Mehdi , Bodian Malick , Neffati Elies , Boughzela Essia
Published: September 2018

Background: Atrial septal defect (ASD) is often an isolated disease, but its association with other abnormalities can make diagnosis challenging. Careful analysis of simple complementary exams can help precise anatomical diagnosis ensuring suitable treatment. The aim of this article is to report, from a case report and literature review, diagnostic challenges and the contribution of simple complementary exams, such as chest X-ray, for the diagnostic orientation of an ASD associated with peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis, as well as therapeutic particularities.

Case report: We report the case of a girl born in 2007, with history of dyspnoea and recurrent bronchitis in whom a loud systolic murmur was detected fortuitously at the age of 2 years. Her clinical examination was otherwise normal. The electrocardiogram recorded sinus rhythm, incomplete right bundle branch block, and right ventricular hypertrophy. Chest X-ray showed moderate cardiomegaly and hypervascularity of the left lung field contrasting with reduced blood flow to the right lung. Doppler echocardiography revealed a wide ostium secundum ASD, right chamber volume overload and right pulmonary artery stenosis. The latter was confirmed by CT angiography and right cardiac catheterization.  The patient underwent percutaneous right pulmonary artery dilation with stent placement. Control chest X-ray noted bilateral hypervascularity of the lung. The ASD was closed percutaneously one year later. The outcome was uneventful.

Conclusion: The combination of ASD with pulmonary artery stenosis limits pulmonary hyperflow. In our case, this stenosis was tight and sat on the right branch of the pulmonary artery reducing significantly blood flow to the ipsilateral lung. Careful chest X-ray analysis may suggest diagnosis, which can be confirmed by ultrasounds and if necessary, by further examination, allowing treatment adaptation. To our knowledge, this association is very rare and no similar case has been reported.
High-speed modes of induction heating and thermal voltage in products
Authors: Лепешкин Александр , Lepeshkin Aleksandr , Кувалдин Александр , Kuvaldin Aleksandr
Published: September 2018

The bases of calculation of high-speed modes of induction heating taking into account restrictions on thermal stresses in heated products, as well as the results of computational and experimental studies of high-speed heating to improve the performance of plants and product quality.
The features of high-speed induction heating and thermal stress state of the heated products taking into account the electrical, thermal and mechanical properties of the materials are considered. The method of selection of heating modes in several stages with the selection of the maximum permissible specific surface power and heating rate, which are calculated using the developed software package. The description of special designs of inductors, devices and systems for heating of disks, blades and other products at bench tests is given. The results of numerical simulation and physical experiments on industrial equipment are compared.
The book is intended for engineers and technicians engaged in the development and manufacture and operation of induction electrothermal plants, and can also be used in the educational process.
Keeping the show on the road
Authors: Mortensen Neil
Published: September 2018

After another GNM judgement is quashed, our profession must focus on systemic pressures as well as individual actions.
Los ciudadanos en Facebook: un acercamiento desde la sociosemiótica al tratamiento de la reforma previsional argentina en grupos secretos
Authors: Bucasich Magalí-Alejandra
Published: September 2018

El presente artículo busca indagar, desde una perspectiva sociosemiótica, acerca de la construcción social de sentido en torno a la reforma previsional argentina del año 2017 en publicaciones emplazadas en los grupos secretos de Facebook, Mauricio Macri Presidente de la Nación Argentina y Resistiendo con Aguante. La finalidad que perseguimos es identificar las modalidades de configuración discursiva en los niveles retórico, temático y enunciativo (Steimberg, 1993). Para efectuar dicho análisis, tomamos como marco teórico central la Teoría de los Discursos Sociales (TDS) de Eliseo Verón (1987) y algunos aportes conceptuales provenientes del campo de la Comunicación y la Sociología. Siguiendo los postulados de la TDS, los posteos son discursos sociales y, por ende, configuraciones espacio-temporales de sentido. Entre las observaciones resultantes del análisis, advertimos una mixtura de argumentos pasionales y lógicos que no implican una banalización del contenido de las publicaciones; así como la configuración de colectivos de identificación eclécticos que varían en función de factores coyunturales.
Estudo sobre a utilização de Resíduo de Minério de Ferro em microrrevestimento asfáltico
Authors: Apaza Freddy Richard , Guimarães Antônio Carlos Rodrigues , Sousa Mayssa Alves da Silva , Castro Carmen Dias
Published: September 2018

Este trabalho apresenta resultados dos ensaios de caracterização física e mecânica de agregados pétreos e do resíduo proveniente do beneficiamento do minério de ferro, da cidade de Mariana/MG, bem como a caracterização física e mecânica de traços de Microrrevestimento Asfáltico a Frio (MRAF), considerando a incorporação do resíduo de ferro como agregado miúdo, tendo-se como referência as normas técnicas vigentes. Esse tipo de revestimento é aplicado, geralmente, em rodovias com alto volume de tráfego, as quais, durante a manutenção, requerem a liberação imediata das vias. O uso do resíduo em MRAF é importante, pois reduz o passivo ambiental das barragens de rejeitos e viabiliza o uso de materiais alternativos, agregando ao pavimento desempenho mecânico satisfatório e promovendo redução de custos. A análise química e ambiental do resíduo mostrou que ele se classifica como não perigoso e inerte. O comportamento mecânico dos corpos de prova de MRAF contendo agregado do resíduo de ferro mostrou que os resultados obtidos são compatíveis com a literatura, bem como mostrou ter desempenho semelhante aos agregados usuais, indicando tratar-se de um material com uso promissor nesse tipo de técnica de pavimentação.
Modelo de identificação do impacto futuro de chuvas extremas nos atrasos/cancelamentos de voos
Authors: Santos Thiago Adriano dos , Vendrame Iria , Alves Cláudio Jorge Pinto , Caetano Mauro , Silva João Paulo Souza
Published: September 2018

Problemas associados aos atrasos e cancelamentos de voos impactam significativamente o desenvolvimento do setor de aviação. Condições climáticas desfavoráveis estão entre algumas das principais razões para esses problemas, o que demanda a análise da interferência do clima nas operações aeroviárias. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo, tomando como referência o caso do Aeroporto Internacional de São Paulo/Guarulhos (GRU), correlaciona eventos de atrasos e cancelamentos de voos aos índices pluviométricos acumulados. Os dados pluviométricos considerados para a estação meteorológica de GRU são referentes aos anos de 2011 a 2015, enquanto as previsões são realizadas para o período entre 2016 e 2020 com o propósito de testar o modelo proposto. Utiliza-se a correlação de Spearman para analisar a relação entre índice pluviométrico e atrasos/cancelamentos de voos para criar um intervalo de valores de chuvas diárias acumuladas que geram esses atrasos/cancelamentos. A correção de Bias, pelo método da transformação de potência, também foi adotada para os dados futuros já corrigidos. Os resultados demonstram que, de acordo com os dados utilizados, haverá um aumento de aproximadamente 15% na quantidade de atrasos/cancelamentos de voos nos cinco anos considerados no estudo. Além disso, considera-se que haverá um aumento no número de dias de ocorrência desses eventos.
Emissões do asfalto e seus efeitos na saúde humana
Authors: Sandaka Guilherme , Gouveia Lilian Tais , Senger Luciano Jose
Published: September 2018

Este trabalho tem por objetivo levantar os principais riscos para alunos, professores, técnicos de laboratório e demais trabalhadores do setor de pavimentação quando expostos às emissões de fumos e vapores do asfalto aquecido. Para tanto, foi feito um levantamento na literatura especializada e determinou-se através de pesquisas de diversos autores da área, os principais compostos dos fumos e vapores de asfalto que são lançados na atmosfera e, as possíveis doenças que são decorrentes da exposição humana a tais compostos. Os fumos e vapores de asfalto possuem em sua constituição química, hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPAs), os quais podem ser cancerígenos. Para se verificar a possibilidade de carcinogenicidade dos HPAs foi feito um apanhado das principais publicações na área de saúde ocupacional que tratam das emissões do asfalto. Foi realizado um levantamento sobre o histórico da evolução das pesquisas sobre o assunto.Dentre os vinte principais autores pesquisados acerca da carcinogenicidade dos fumos e vapores do asfalto, onze afirmam que as emissões do asfalto são cancerígenas para o ser humano quando há exposição em longo prazo, cinco autores afirmam que há grandes possibilidades do desenvolvimento de câncer e quatro autores afirmam não haver dano para a saúde humana. Não havendo plena certeza dos potenciais riscos oferecidos à saúde humana pelas emissões do asfalto, deve haver cautela com a exposição de trabalhadores e pesquisadores a tais componentes.
Gene-gene interactions and the contribution of polymorphic loci of the KCNJ11, ADIPOQ, omentin, leptin, TCF7L2 and PPARg genes to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Kyrgyz population: a case-control genetic association study using MDR analysis
Authors: Isakova Zhainagul T. , Talaibekova Elnura T. , Zhyrgalbekova Baktygul Zh. , Mirrakhimov Erkin M. , Aldasheva Nazira M. , Aldashev Almaz A.
Published: September 2018

There are many genetic loci associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The genetic factors involved in the development of the T2DM can depend on the nature of genetic variation within and across different ethnic groups.
Aims — the aim of this study was to investigate the gene-gene interactions and to determine the role of the KCNJ11 (Glu23Lys), ADIPOQ (G276T), omentin (Val109Asp), leptin (G2548A), TCF7L2 (IVS3C/T), PPARg (Pro12Ala) genes in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Kyrgyz population using MDR analysis.
Material and methods. We examined 114 patients (53 females and 61 males; mean age, 54±7.4) with T2DM and 109 apparently healthy controls (48 females and 61 males; mean age, 50±8.4). Polymorphisms of the KCNJ11 (Glu23Lys), ADIPOQ (G276T), omentin (Val109Asp), leptin (G2548A), TCF7L2 (IVS3C/T), PPARg (Pro12Ala) genes were defined by PCR-RFLP assay.
Results. Among the six genes (KCNJ11, ADIPOQ, omentin, leptin, TCF7L2, PPARg) included in this study, the most significant contribution to the development of T2DM in the Kyrgyz population was detected for the ADIPOQ (2.17%) and KCNJ11 genes (2.01%).
The heterozygous genotype G276T (OR=1.79 CI 95% 1.05—3.05; p=0.036) and the 276T allele (OR=1.68 CI 95% 1.09—2.60; p=0.025) of the ADIPOQ gene were associated with a high risk of developing T2DM in the Kyrgyz population. The 23Lys allele of the KCNJ11 gene was significantly associated with T2DM in the Kyrgyz population (OR=1.62 CI 95% 1.10—2.38; p=0.019). The allele and genotype frequencies of the omentin (Val109Asp), leptin (G2548A), TCF7L2 (IVS3C/T), PPARg (Pro12Ala) genes did not differ between the studied groups (p>0.05).
Conclusions. In Kyrgyz population, the polymorphic loci Glu23Lys of the KCNJ11 gene, the 276T allele and genotype G276T of ADIPOQ are associated with T2DM. The omentin (Val109Asp), leptin (G2548A), TCF7L2 (IVS3C/T), and PPARg (Pro12Ala) genes alone do not have such a significant impact on the development of type 2 diabetes; they contribute to the phenotypic development of T2DM mainly due to gene-gene interactions.
The interaction between polyphenols and food proteins: prospects for diet therapy of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Mazo Vladimir K. , Petrov Nikita A. , Sarkisyan Varuzhan A. , Kochetkova Alla A.
Published: September 2018

The use of minor biologically active components of food (flavonoids) as functional food ingredients for foods for special dietary uses is a promising trend in prevention and treatment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders resulting from the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Unlike the in vitro studies that are conducted mainly on cell cultures, the results of clinical studies may be influenced by low bioavailability of polyphenols. This fact makes it impossible to reach the beneficial effects of polyphenols in some cases. Thus, the problem of polyphenol bioavailability enhancement is the main direction in producing highly effective specialized anti-diabetic food products. In this review, the interaction between proteins and polyphenolic compounds is discussed from the viewpoint of the potential to protect polyphenols against degradation in the digestive tract, to increase their stability and pharmacological activity compared to those of the conventional compositions. The problems of interactions between polyphenols and food proteins, digestive enzymes and cell transporters in the gastrointestinal tract have not been sufficiently covered in Russian academic publications. The studies focused on the mechanisms of interactions between polyphenols and proteins, considering the corresponding structural changes are of interest for predicting possible changes in their bioavailability. Polyphenol binding to proteins is influenced by the primary structure of a protein macromolecule, the spatial distribution of amino acid residues responsible for polyphenol binding, and some other parameters characterizing the conditions of interactions.
Pharmacotherapy of obesity: what’s new?
Authors: Troshina Ekaterina A. , Ershova Ekaterina V.
Published: September 2018

The lifestyle change that underlies the treatment of such a prevalent chronic disease as obesity is often insufficient to successfully clinically relevant reduce body weight, especially in the presence of comorbid conditions and diseases (type 2 diabetes, atherogenic dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, hyperuricemia and gout, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome and other menstrual irregularities etc.). The availability in our country until recently, only two drugs for the treatment of obesity is extremely limited choice in the case of existing contraindications to this or another drug or the appearance of any side effects. The registration in Russia in 2016 of a new drug for the treatment of obese patients, including morbid or complicated concomitant diseases and conditions, an analogue of human glucagon-like peptide-1 — liraglutide in a dose of 3.0 mg, has replenished the arsenal of obesity pharmacotherapy and substantially extended capabilities of management of obesity and overweight including patients with severe comorbidities.
The features of cataract surgery in a patient with Graves’ disease and endocrine ophthalmopathy
Authors: Lipatov Dmitry V. , Sviridenko Natalya Yu. , Bessmertnaya Elena G. , Tolkacheva Anna A.
Published: September 2018

After the phacoemulsification technique was implemented in ophthalmic practice surgeries to replace the clouded lens have become routine for ophthalmologists. Today, over half a million phacoemulsification surgeries are annually conducted in Russia. Cataract combined with endocrine ophthalmopathy poses a significant challenge for an operating surgeon because of the unusual anatomical presentation of the orbit and the eyeball, as well as the elevated intraocular pressure caused by edema of the orbital tissues (i.e., retrobulbar tissue and extraocular muscles) rather than by primary glaucoma.
We analyze the features of surgical treatment of the cataract involving intraocular lens implantation in a patient with Graves’ disease and endocrine ophthalmopathy complicated by secondary ocular hypertension, optical neuropathy, and lagophthalmos.
After restoring the euthyroid state and reducing the severity of endocrine ophthalmopathy, phacoemulsification was performed in both eyes, with an interval of 2 months. Neither intra- nor postoperative complications of the patients’ organ of vision were observed. The maximum corrected visual acuity achieved on both eyes was 0.4–0.5 in the Snellen eye chart.
Methylation of estrogens, obesity and breast cancer
Authors: Chagay Natalia B. , Mkrtumyan Ashot M.
Published: September 2018

Methylation of catechol estrogens is catalyzed by catechol-O-methyltransferase. Synthesis and activity of this enzyme is encoded by the COMT gene. Downregulation of COMT expression is responsible for the risk of developing estrogen-dependent tumors. Obesity is a factor determining the overall methylation status in the body.
There are two main types of adipose tissue differing in their functional and metabolic characteristics, as well as the microscopic structure: white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). Lipolysis of WAT is controlled by hormone-sensitive lipase, which depends is catecholamine dependent. BAT is a special type of adipose tissue whose main function is to produce heat. Activation of β3-adrenergic receptors by catecholamines, both at the central and peripheral levels, is the primary mechanism regulating thermogenesis in mature BAT.
Obese patients develop adipose tissue hypoxia, as well as WAT and BAT dysfunction. Adrenergic stimulation of thermogenesis is unclaimed because of «whitening» of brown adipocytes, which manifests itself as degradation of mitochondria. Redirection of stimulation of hormone-sensitive lipase by catecholamines to WAT and the increased need to enhance COMT expression are the potential consequences of modifying the BAT metabolism.
Estrogens are natural modulators of lipolysis (as they selectively affect activity of hormone-sensitive lipase) and regulators of BAT thermogenesis. Obesity is accompanied by elevated synthesis of estrone. However, in postmenopausal women it is characterized by a decrease in the total mass and activity of BAT. The role of BAT in the progression or inhibition of growth of the estrogen-dependent tumor tissue at premenopausal and postmenopausal age has not been studied yet and is of interest to researchers. The possible correlation between the activity of brown adipocytes and the COMT expression level is discussed in the context of the risk of developing benign breast dysplasia and cancer.
Escrita inventada no jardim-de-infância: Contributos para a aprendizagem da leitura e escrita
Authors: Albuquerque Ana , Alves Martins Margarida
Published: September 2018

A presente investigação insere-se no quadro teórico da literacia emergente e pretende analisar os contributos de um programa de intervenção de escrita inventada no jardim-de-infância para a aprendizagem da leitura e escrita no 1º ano de escolaridade. Participaram 95 crianças no último ano do ensino pré-escolar que não sabiam ler nem escrever e que foram aleatoriamente divididas em duas condições: 48 no grupo experimental e 47 no grupo de controlo. Os participantes em cada condição eram equivalentes quanto à idade, habilitações académicas dos pais, raciocínio abstrato, consciência silábica, consciência fonémica e conhecimento de letras. Foram avaliadas as competências de escrita e leitura de palavras das crianças no jardim-de-infância (antes e depois do programa) e no final do 1º ano do ensino básico. Durante a intervenção, o grupo experimental participou em 10 sessões bissemanais de escrita inventada, enquanto o grupo de controlo realizou atividades de conto de histórias infantis. A análise dos dados revelou diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os dois grupos, tanto em escrita como em leitura, apresentando o grupo experimental resultados superiores no final do pré-escolar e do 1º ano. Este estudo sugere a importância de incluir atividades de escrita inventada como prática pedagógica no contexto de jardim-de-infância.
Sintomatologia psicopatológica e suporte social em pais de crianças portadoras de perturbação do espetro do autismo
Authors: Pereira Alexandra Isabel Lobo , Fernandes Otília Monteiro , Relva Inês Carvalho
Published: September 2018

O presente estudo teve como principal objetivo analisar a presença (ou não) de sintomatologia psicopatológica nos pais das crianças com PEA (perturbação do espetro do autismo), bem como estudar o grau de satisfação destes com o suporte social. Para este efeito, investigámos uma amostra de 246 pais em que pelo menos um filho é portador de PEA. Utilizaram-se três instrumentos, nomeadamente um Questionário Sociobiográfico; o Inventário de Sintomas Psicopatológicos (BSI; Derogatis, 1982, versão portuguesa de Canavarro, 1999); e a Escala de Satisfação com o Suporte Social (Pais-Ribeiro, 2011). Os resultados indicaram que: (1) as mães das crianças com PEA apresentam maior sintomatologia psicopatológica do que os pais; (2) os pais e mães com 3 ou mais filhos percecionam índices de maior satisfação com a família comparativamente aos pais e mães com 1 ou 2 filhos; (3) existe uma correlação negativa entre todas as dimensões do suporte social e as da sintomatologia psicopatológica; (4) o sexo feminino é uma variável preditora para algumas das dimensões de sintomatologia psicopatológica. Os resultados foram discutidos com o intuito de proporcionar algumas diretrizes na intervenção clínica com pais de crianças com PEA.
The creative economy in the State of São Paulo
Authors: Adduci Cássia Chrispiniano , Araújo Alda Regina Ferreira de , Novais Luis Fernando
Published: September 2018

The text provides a definition of the creative economy chain of São Paulo, seeking to measure its contribution to the economy of the State of São Paulo. For an initial characterization, this article proposes a measurement based upon two perspectives, taking the year 2014 as a reference. The first approach analyzes the chain of the creative economy of São Paulo from the point of view of added value and formal employment and a second one is elaborated with a focus on the flow of international trade.
Creative Economy: how the interface of Uber Eats and iFood could change your menu
Authors: Monty Renata Cristina da Silva
Published: September 2018

The objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of Creative Economy to customers of food apps in Brazil. In the first part, it is described how cultural products regarding food and cooking in Brazil work. In the second part, a descriptive analysis of the apps iFood and UberEats is proposed in order to understand how the materiality of these products, as an interface, could influence the choice of the menu. For this, food is regarded as a cultural good. The concept immortalized by Marshall McLuhan "the medium is the message" assists us in the descriptive exercise of verifying how information and communication technologies (TICs) affect the experience of eating in the contemporary world. From this point of view, a comparative exercise regarding the materiality of the applications is proposed.
ANALISIS KEBERLANJUTAN HOME BASED ENTERPRISE PENGOLAHAN SINGKONG DI KOTA SALATIGA
Authors: Lukitaningrum Dwi Laras , Tyas Wido Prananing , Muktiali Mohammad
Published: September 2018

Home Based Enterprise (HBE) develepment of cassava processing in Salatiga City, especially in RW 2 and RW 11, Ledok Sub-district must be optimized and developed in a sustainable manner considering the contribution on social aspect, economic aspect, and region development. This study aims to determine the level of sustainability in HBE of cassava processing in internal factors based on assets analysis in sustainable livelihood approach which includes natural asset, physical asset, human asset, financial capital and social capital and also from external factors such as the availability of policy support in the development of cassava processing HBE at local government level. The method used is mix method with Rapid Appraisal Analysisi called RAP-HBE and kualitative descriptive. The study findings were obtained four (4) of the five (5) of assets in the category of sustainable enough to the value sustainability index consecutive financial capital (72.04), natural capital (67.97), human capital (66.86) and physical capital (53.97). While the social capital obtain the value of sustainability index low of 44.05 and in the category of less sustainable. While external factors such as support by government of Salatiga on the sustainability of HBE in general as well as business training, business assistance, the discussion of business, and others are already there, but HBE processing of cassava that is not a target of the implementation of the policy, so far the sustainability of HBE has not received direct support from the Government of Salatiga.
Integrating Parent’s Contribution into Music Class to Achieve Learning Purpose of Musical Expression
Authors: Haryono Slamet , Ganap Victorius , Sumaryanto Totok , Rohidi Tjetjep Rohendi
Published: September 2018

Qualitative research has been carried out with the aim of exploring synergy between parents and school in elementary school music education in an urban area. The focus of the research is the synergy pattern of parents and school related to students’ music education. In order to derive the findings, one major attention of the research is parent’s contribution integrated into music class to gain a successful learning goal of musical expression. This paper discusses characteristic of the contribution processes in supporting the successful of music learning related to education components of learning material, facility and supporting the budget, with the topic of playing an ensemble of a particular music instrument. The school’s samples chosen were those which are located in a particular urban area in Central Java. The data were gathered using observation, interview and documentation methods and analyzed descriptively. Based on the data analysis, it was concluded that parent’s contribution is an important element for attaining a qualified students’ achievement of musical expression. It is integrated into learning sessions fulfilling the criteria stated in the used curriculum implemented by the teacher, by three major ways, those are communication, collaboration and cooperation. This becomes a significant reason for its integration into elementary school music instruction to achieve the expected students’ competence.
Força de preensão palmar em idosos: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Zanin Caroline , Jorge Matheus Santos Gomes , Knob Bruna , Wibelinger Lia Mara , Libero Gustavo Abreu
Published: September 2018

Aims: The aim this study is was to review in the literature studies on the handgrip strength analysis in the elderly. Source of data: Were selected manually manuscripts in the Portuguese and English languages indexed in the electronic databases SciELO, Lilacs and MEDLINE starting from the primary descriptor “Força da mão” (“Hand Strength”) in crossroads with the secondary descriptors “Idoso” (“Aged”) and “Envelhecimento” (“Aging”), all according to the Descriptors of Health Sciences. Summary of findings: We included studies, with samples composed of elderly submitted to the hand strength test, by means of manual dynamometry. Was found 4155 articles in the search. Of these, 65 articles were read carefully and 08 were included in the present review. Conclusions: In short, older men have a higher palmar grip strength compared to women. Furthermore, risk factors such as osteoporosis, pain and malnutrition may influence in handgrip strength and general muscular strength of the elderly, and regular physical exercises may increase or prevent loss of manual force.
PRÁTICAS DE CONTROLE SOCIAL NA ERA DO PÓS-PANOPTISMO: ANÁLISE DO BANCO DE DADOS GENÉTICOS
Authors: Viera Caroline , Rodrigues Celso
Published: September 2018

O presente artigo busca avaliar a introdução do banco de dados de perfil genético aos condenados por crimes violentos contra a pessoa, analisando a previsão legal e as agências oficiais de punitividade edificadas para a sua aplicação. A pesquisa realiza uma reflexão sobre os dados oficiais disponibilizados pela Rede Integrada de Bancos de Dados Genéticos, buscando demonstrar um câmbio gradual das práticas de controle penal. A reflexão relaciona-se com a superação do modelo de vigilância panóptica descrita por Michel Foucault e reproblematizada por Zygmunt Bauman, elaborada enquanto consequência da volatilidade das relações sociais, que caracterizam-se por um processo constante de inacessibilidade e recusa ao engajamento entre vigias e vigiados. Destacam-se nesse estudo as conclusões derivadas do paradigma da reação social diante da reificação da seletividade incorporada a esta prática de controle, com referencial teórico em Jock Young e Vera Andrade.
SECULARISMO NO DIREITO – INFLUÊNCIA RELIGIOSA NAS SENTENÇAS: UMA PERSPECTIVA SOBRE O RESPEITO AOS DIREITOS INDIVIDUAIS
Authors: Oliveira Cristiane Catarina Fagundes de , Oliveira Romulo André Alegretti de , Soares João Roberto Assunção
Published: September 2018

A imparcialidade deve ser uma obsessão da atividade jurisdicional,que é uma função estatal fundamental no Estado Democrático de Direito. É necessário que a Justiça trate todos de forma igual, um pressuposto básico do liberalismo, tese dominante nas democracias ocidentais. Dentro de tal ótica de um Estado isento, desenvolveram-se, principalmente a partir do século XV, a secularidade e a laicidade, que significam o afastamento do Clero dos assuntos do Estado.
EFEITOS SUCESSÓRIOS NAS FAMÍLIAS PARALELAS
Authors: Flôres Ariadine
Published: September 2018

O presente trabalho pretende analisar o reconhecimento noordenamento jurídico brasileiro das relações que se constituemparalelamente a uma união estável ou a um casamento e os consequentesdireitos sucessórios que delas derivam. A relevância de tomar essa discussão pela ciência do direito se dá pela necessidade de tutelar os direitos dos indivíduos que integram uma relação concomitante - haja vista serem relações que existem há muito tempo em nossa realidade social-, e que enfrentam muitas dificuldades e resistência em determinar umasolução jurídica para essas situações.