bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problematyka społeczna w mowach Jana Mandakuniego
Authors: Milewski Ireneusz
Published: November 2020

Social problems were important elements in the preaching of the ancient Christian writers. Interesting, yet little-known examples of such activities are the speeches of John Mandakuni, one of the Fathers of the Armenian Church. In 25 homilies analysed by me, John Mandakuni, besides making references to the social matters, also strives to fight the pagan customs that were adopted by Christians into their everyday lives. According to his account, and the correctness of Mandakuni finding is confirmed by other contemporary Christian preachers, these habitual pagan practices were particularly deeply rooted in Christian wed­ding festivities and funerals.
Podróże mnichów i duchownych w świetle pism świętego Hieronima
Authors: Ożóg Monika
Published: November 2020

Saint Jerome, the author of the Latin translation of the Holy Bible and Eusebius’s Onomasticon, contributed to a large extent to the popularisation and development of the tourist-pilgrimage movement at the turn of the 4th and 5th centuries. The aim of the present article is to present, in the light of Jerome’s works, how people travelled, among others, to the Holy Land; how the author of the Letters travelled himself as well as how his companions, monks and clergymen travelled. What is more, the text presents which way(s) the most popular sea and land routes ran and what types of dangers the then travellers were exposed to. The article also shows which locations were most popular and which souvenirs were desirable by pilgrims.
„Communes et ecclesiastici” w "Adversus haereses" III 15, 2, Ireneusza z Lugdunum
Authors: Piwowarczyk Przemysław
Published: November 2020

Irenaeus, bishop of Lyons in Gaul, only in few places of his Adversus haereses gives us a glimpse at social activity of the Valentinians. In Adversus haereses III 15, 2 he portrays them, speaking to „communes et ecclesiasticos”. Using such a form, the Valentinians do not tend to distinguish non-gnostic members of the Church from their inner circle, as Irenaeus tries to present it, shifting very smooth­ly from communes to simpliciores. They underline rather the common share of all Christians in the Church, even if some of them still need some deeper exposition of the truth to fully participate in it.
Próba rekonstrukcji doktryny i struktury Kościoła nowacjańskiego
Authors: Sordyl Krzysztof
Published: November 2020

The Novatian vision of the Church appeared in the moment which was favour­able for its further development. Not only did the Church suffer persecution, but also some Christians protested against the possibility of reconciliation lapsi. What is more, the doctrine concerning the impossibility to forgive certain sins had a sig­nificant role in spreading of Novatian Church. Merging the congregation belong­ing to Novatian Church and Montanists in the East contributed to specifying the doctrine of the sect. With reference to a repeat marriage, the testimonies from III century do not allow to state explicitly if the pope himself treated them as illegal. Novatian allowed for penance and reconciliation of those who were guilty of certain carnal sins. It seems that later such violations were treated more severely. Montanism surely had an influence on it. Such rigorism in penitential discipline assumed a definite concept of Church and the power of the keys, which differed significantly from the one Catholicism set down. Apart from this, however, dog­matic divergences between Novatianism and Catholicism are not to be observed. But, the question of determining the date of Easter led to the separation between a lot of Novatian communities and the Church. Socrates’ accounts of Novatian Church internal disputes let us discern a few features of its inner structure. It does not seem to differ from that of Catholic Church. There are bishops, priests, deacons, synods. Furthermore, episcopal ap­pointments to more important cities are considered to be superior. The sacraments in Novatian Church were the same as in Catholic Church, however, according to Teodoret, Novatian Church did not practice anointing a person with holy oils after baptism. A similar opinion can be found in Pacian’s texts. It was accepted among Catholics, at least in the East, that those who con­verted from Novatian Church should be anointed. In Novatian communities, from the outset, Catholics, who joined this sect, were baptized for the second time. According to Eulogius, Novatians in Alexandria rejected the cult of relics. The council in Nice tried to restore Novatians to the unity with Catholic Church, adopting a restrained attitude towards them. The council in cannon 8 presents the “pure” returning to Church with the conditions of grace. The Trident Council, however, saw in condemning Novatians proof of true Fathers’ teaching about penance.
Postawa ubogiego wobec ofiarodawcy i jego daru w nauczaniu starożytnego Kościoła (I-III wiek)
Authors: Wygralak Paweł
Published: November 2020

The article deals with the problem of the responsibility of a poor person for the received gift. Analysis of selected writings of Christian antiquity reveals that every poor person who asks the rich for assistance is responsible to God for the received gift. All those who appeal to the benevolence of the rich and extort their help will answer at God’s judgment. In turn a poor person who is in real need is God’s altar. The alms given to the poor are a sacrifice that the rich offer on the altar of God himself. This confers a supernatural dimension upon alms. Moreover, between the benefactor and the recipient the relation of a reciprocal exchange of goods is established. The poor person who is supported with material goods by a rich person reciprocates with spiritual gifts: intercessory prayer and gratitude that continue even after the benefactor’s death. Thus, the rich person who receives the spiritual gifts benefits more than the poor person because in return for perish­able material goods he is given eternal life.
Stworzenia nierozumne wezwaniem do doskonałości. Przyczynek do studium nad "Hexaemeronem" św. Ambrożego
Authors: Zgraja Brunon
Published: November 2020

The present article presents an interpretation made by St. Ambrose in the Commentary to the Six Days of Creation, the so-called Hexaemeron, of some fea­tures of the brainless crestures – plants and animals – in the context of indications and instructions regarding perfection of moral life of the faithful entrusted to his care and, at the same time, it shows the essential elements of a model of Christian perfection, from the point of view of Ambrose as pastor. In brief, Ambrose appeals to the faithful to cultivate in themselves an attitude of humility before God, to stand up for the Christ’s persecuted sheepfold, to guard the deposit of faith handed over to them, to faithfully fulfill his commands, furthermore, to care for conversion of others, to strive for a proper shape of matrimonial and parental love. What is more, Christian perfection, in Ambrose’s opinion, means also freedom from greed, from laziness, a development of the virtues of faith and hope, cultivating an attitude of justice and charity in one’s life, ability to withstand poverty, trust in God’s care, zeal in fulfilling the tasks entrusted to us, hospitality, care for parents, joint respon­sibility for the development of the State, and also keeping widow’s chastity.
Katecheza eucharystyczna św. Augustyna
Authors: Żurek Antoni
Published: November 2020

Preparation for participating in the Eucharist took place in the fourth and fifth centuries as part of pre-baptismal catechesis, and to a more degree as part of mystagogical catechesis which took place after baptism. A few of such catecheses have been preserved after saint Augustine. He preached them at Easter. In these catecheses he tried to make neophytes aware of the real presence of Christ in Bread and Wine. He justified it using biblical texts especially Christ’s statements about „the living bread”. The main task and duty of Christians was to wake up in the faith and receive the Eucharist worthily.
Sędziwi ojcowie – Laertes i Priam w epopejach Homera
Authors: Stępniewska Alicja
Published: November 2020

Subject of the article are experience and sufferings two fathers – Laertes, King of Ithaca and Priam, King of Troy. They both had that experience in its old age, but in differ­ent dimension. Son of the first of fathers – Odys has disappeared without tidings, but he came back to Ithaca after twenty years of wandering, to the great joy of longing father. The son of the second of fathers – Hector was killed in a duel with Achilles. The aged Priam in difficult conversation with his son’s killer is reminding Achilles the suffering of his aged father Peleus, who is living in loneliness, to break heart of Achilles. Due to well-aimed arguments, particularly adduction for the feckless old age of the father, aged Priam reaches intentional point – gets corpse of his son back.
Gelingende Kommunikation durch Kooperation
Authors: Baerlocher Bianca
Published: November 2020

Gelingende Kommunikation durch Kooperation

Das Gesellschaftssystem als selbstreferenzielles System besteht aus nichts als Kommunikation. Dies ist die Ausgangslage dafür, dass Kommunikation als Basis für das gesellschaftliche Zusammenleben in den Fokus genommen wird. Aus soziologischer Sicht wird das Handeln (und damit auch Konflikte) immer angetrieben durch die sehr persönliche subjektive Wahrnehmung, den geteilten intersubjektiven sozialen Sinn sowie den angeeigneten Wissensvorrat. Dies hat auch Einfluss darauf, wie Konflikte ausgetragen werden. Doch nicht nur Konfliktaustragungsstile (von Vermeidung über Kampf bis Kooperation) selbst, sondern auch kommunikative Strategien (Information, Konsultation, Kooperation) werden unter die Lupe genommen. Es wird mit dem Beispiel eines fiktiven Forstbetriebs herausgestellt, dass Kooperationen viele Vorteile haben. Insbesondere ermöglichen sie innovative und auch komplexe Lösungen, die ihre Basis in einem gemeinsamen Verständigungsraum bzw. in der Akzeptanz der vielseitigen Interessen des Handelns haben. Kooperationen sind gerade auch im digitalen Wandel von grosser Bedeutung.
El pensamiento científico en el aula de clases
Authors: Jesika Johana Meneses Rosales
Published: November 2020

¿En qué consiste el pensamiento científico, como una postura crítica al entorno circundante, como la capacidad de asombro que nos proyecta a la explicación de fenómenos naturales y no tan naturales?, ¿Cómo abordarlo?, ¿Cómo se formula y qué nos conduce a desarrollarlo? Una pregunta desenlaza otra, llevándonos a la conjetura de que el conocimiento llega hasta donde nuestra curiosidad indague.
Pensar que todo inicia con un ¿por qué?
Authors: Omar Andrés Potosí Coral  , Alberto Vianney Trujillo Rodríguez
Published: November 2020

La filosofía para niños es un tema muy interesante y pertienente para estos tiempos; surge de la inquietud, de la curiosidad, del asombro y del buscar respuestas a los interrogantes que resultan ante lo novedoso y desconocido. El texto es producto de la práctica docente realizada en el acompañamiento escolar con niños pertenecientes a población vulnerable, y pretente exponer la experiencia de este caminar, los hallazgos que surgieron y el impacto que causa en la vida de quienes se encontraron con el arte del pensar bien. La filosofía para niños y con los niños es una gran oportunidad para enseñar, pero, sobre todo, para aprender.
El juego creativo como herramienta fundamental para el mejoramiento de la ortografía1
Authors: Omar Felipe Arcos Valdés  , Merly Katherine Obando Gaviria  , María Daniela Solarte Trochez  , María Victoria Villacrez Oliva
Published: November 2020

El juego es considerado una de las estrategias pedagógicas que eldocente debería tener en cuenta dentro de su proceso de enseñanzaaprendizaje,pues es una de las herramientas que conlleva que los aprendizajes que los estudiantes adquieren sean totalmentesignificativos. De acuerdo con esto, este proceso investigativo buscóidentificar las dificultades que presentaban los estudiantes en cuantoa los procesos ortográficos para que, mediante el desarrollo de unaestrategia pedagógica con la estrategia de enseñanza-aprendizaje deljuego, los involucrados dentro de la investigación lograran adquiriruna conciencia ortográfica y poco a poco fueran alcanzando las basesprincipales para realizar un buen proceso lectoescritor. En cuantoal diseño metodológico de la investigación, éste se inscribió bajo elparadigma cualitativo de enfoque crítico social y tipo de investigaciónacción.Se tomó como unidad de análisis a 27 estudiantes de básicaprimaria y a dos docentes; como unidad de trabajo, once estudiantescomprendidos entre los grados cuarto y quinto del Centro EducativoLa Chorrera, San Pedro de Cartago, Nariño. De la misma manera, seutilizó como técnicas de recolección de información, una entrevistaestructurada, un taller diagnóstico y la observación participante.
DIGITAL HUMANITIES AND TRAINING STUDENTS TO WORK WITH SOURCES: THE EXAMPLE OF STUDYING THEOSOPHICAL JOURNALISM OF THE RUSSIAN EMIGRATION OF 1920S-1930S
Authors: Kriazheva-Kartseva Elena
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the experience of using the capabilities of Digital Humanities in the preparation of research projects in history. In particular, the article reveals the methodology for using a complex of areas of information computer technologies when working with sources, on the example of studying Russian Theosophical Journalism of Emigration of 1920s-1930s, which can be used when studying other topics by students of humanitarian orientation. The teacher can teach students to use information technology in different ways. First, get acquainted with the databases of archives and electronic libraries. Modern capabilities allow you to remotely analyze the catalogs of emigrant publications. Secondly, the researcher has access in a number of cases to already digitized sources in databases, for example, in the Consolidated Catalog of Periodicals of the Russian Emigration - Emigrantika (http://www.emigrantica.ru/), getting acquainted not only with the text, but also visual information. Thirdly, Digital Humanities allow using a variety of tools for interpreting texts, in particular, programs for creating author's databases with the introduction of hypertext, programs for conducting content analysis. It is these components that allow us to conclude that modern information computer technologies are increasingly allowing historians to conduct a source study of electronic resources, interpret the received primary data, and in the future create more and more advanced distributed systems. Acquaintance of students with the models of work of researchers using the capabilities of Digital Humanities should also contribute to the more active implementation of modern methods of working with various types of information contained in historical sources.
REVISITING CONTEMPORARY HOMESCHOOLING: THE CASE OF THE UNITED STATES
Authors: Zamir Sara
Published: November 2020

The term “homeschooling” denotes the process of educating, instructing, and tutoring children by parents at home instead of having this done by professional teachers in formal settings. Although regulation and court rulings vary from one state to another, homeschooling is legal in all fifty American states. Contrary to the growing tendency of parents in the United States to move toward homeschooling in 1999-2012, the rate of homeschooling and the population of those educated in this manner appear to have leveled off in 2012–2016. This paper aims to explain both phenomena and asks whether a trend is at hand.
SPECIFICS OF NATIONALLY-ORIENTED ADVERTISING IN RUSSIA AND CHINA
Authors: Remchukova Elena , Omelianenko Viktoria , Wang Yuzhi
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of nationally-oriented advertising in Russia and China. The material used for this article was represented by nationally-oriented advertising texts in Russia and China. The study shows that nationally-oriented advertising is an important type of advertising text which uses a positive image of the country with special geographical conditions and unique cultural and historical traditions. Particular attention is paid to a comparative analysis of similarities and differences in texts of nationally-oriented advertising in China and Russia, which uses a variety of multimodal media to form a positive image of the country and impact on consumers. The nationally-oriented advertising text focuses on the unambiguous interpretation of the national idea, the expression of which is a means of influencing consumers in order to awaken their patriotic feelings. The results of the study made it possible to reveal that despite the similarities, texts of nationally-oriented advertising in Russia and China are also marked by significant differences, which are due to the unique geographical and cultural characteristics of the two countries, as well as the deep originality of the two language systems.
THE SENSE OF EXILE IN CONTEMPORARY EAST CENTRAL EUROPEAN WOMEN’S LIFE WRITING: DUBRAVKA UGREŠIČ AND MARGITA GŪTMANE
Authors: Meškova Sandra
Published: November 2020

Exile is one of the central motifs of the 20th century European culture and literature; it is closely related to the historical events throughout this century and especially those related to World War II. In the culture of East Central Europe, the phenomenon of exile has been greatly determined by the context of socialism and post-socialist transformations that caused several waves of emigration from this part of Europe to the West or other parts of the world. It is interesting to compare cultures of East Central Europe, the historical situations of which both during World War II and after the collapse of socialism were different, e.g. Latvian and ex-Yugoslavian ones. In Latvia, exile is basically related to the emigration of a great part of the population in the 1940s and the issue of their possible return to the renewed Republic of Latvia in the early 1990s, whereas the countries of the former Yugoslavia experienced a new wave of emigration as a result of the Balkan War in the 1990s. Exile has been regarded by a great number of the 20th century philosophers, theorists, and scholars of diverse branches of studies. An important aspect of this complex phenomenon has been studied by psychoanalytical theorists. According to the French poststructuralist feminist theorist Julia Kristeva, the state of exile as a socio-cultural phenomenon reflects the inner schisms of subjectivity, particularly those of a feminine subject. Hence, exile/stranger/foreigner is an essential model of the contemporary subject and exile turns from a particular geographical and political phenomenon into a major symbol of modern European culture. The present article regards the sense of exile as a part of the narrator’s subjective world experience in the works by the Yugoslav writer Dubravka Ugrešič (“The Museum of Unconditional Surrender”, in Croatian and English, 1996) and Latvian émigré author Margita Gūtmane (“Letters to Mother”, in Latvian, 1998). Both authors relate the sense of exile to identity problems, personal and culture memory as well as loss. The article focuses on the issues of loss and memory as essential elements of the narrative of exile revealed by the metaphors of photograph and museum. Notwithstanding the differences of their historical situations, exile as the subjective experience reveals similar features in both authors’ works. However, different artistic means are used in both authors’ texts to depict it. Hence, Dubravka Ugrešič uses irony, whereas Margita Gūtmane provides a melancholic narrative of confession; both authors use photographs to depict various aspects of memory dynamic, but Gūtmane primarily deals with private memory, while Ugrešič regards also issues of cultural memory. The sense of exile in both authors’ works appears to mark specific aspects of feminine subjectivity.
THE "TWINS" IN GENESIS - ARE GOD AND THE DEVIL ONE?
Authors: Porobija Zeljko , Dmitrovic Lovorka Gotal
Published: November 2020

The phenomenon that can be perceived in biblical texts is a specific structure of the relations between characters that basically has the form of “twins”. The “twins” are somehow set at the same distance from the third character, which can be graphically pictured as the top vertex of the triangular structure. However, this third character also has its own “twin”, but their relation is different than the relation between the aforementioned twins: the third and its “twin” somehow go together, yet they are somehow opposite to each other. For this reason, the twin of the third we named “doppelganger”: it is the shadow figure of the third, yet mostly having the different value from it (“positive” instead of “negative”). Usually at the coming of the doppelganger the third disappears from the story. In this paper we shall analyse this phenomenon in the Genesis, but using metodology of Data Science. Data collection was made by reading several translations of the Book of Genesis and recording the appearance of characters (Adam / Eve, Yahweh / Snake). Correlation between parameters was determined using Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficient, more precisely, the correlation matrix. After statistical data processing, a conceptual model was developed. Using System Theory, a computer model of this complex, closed system describing a “pattern of behavior” was developed. For the validation of the model, considering that the distributions are asymmetrical non-Gaussian distributions, a non-parametric tests were applied. A search of scientific papers did not find any work that deals with the research of the Book of Genesis as complex, closed system according System Theory, using Data Science methodology and Simulation modelling as a research method. This paper presents a developing knowledge-based model which contributes to philosophy of religion.
AN EXPLORATION OF GENDER DIFFERENCES IN TEENAGERS’ USE, CONSUMPTION AND DIGITAL PRODUCTION
Authors: Seserman Corina-Maricica , Cojocaru Daniela
Published: November 2020

Today’s teenagers have a very close relationship with ICTs and the digital space related to them, as they have impacted the way the youth constructs their sense of self and the tools they use to perform their carefully constructed identity. One key element which influences the way one constructs their views by themselves is within the boundaries set by their biological sex and therefore through the behaviors associated with their asigned gender. Through the symbolic interactionist lense, or more specifically through Goffman's dramaturgical theory on the manner in which one presents him/herself in society, this paper looks at the manner in which teenagers use social media platforms and at the way they consume and create digital content in order to present their gender identity. The way teenagers consume and produce digital content differs and depends on how they interpret their ideals of femininity and masculinity, which are afterwards reproduced in the content they post on their social media pages. Therefore this research is an attempt to understand what are the factors teenagers take in account when consuming and producing content. What gender differences can be observed in regards to new media consumption? What difference can be observed in online activity behaviors between males and females? How do they feel about their gender identity concerning fitting in with their peer group? A mix-methodological approach was engaged in the data collection process. In the first stage of the research highschool students (n=324) from the city of Suceava (Romania) participated in taking an online survey. The initial intent was to meet with the young respondents in person, but due to the COVID-19 pandemic this was deemed impossible. For the second stage of data collection, six of the participants who took the online survey were invited to participate in a focus group designed to grasp a better understanding of the results from the previous stage. The discovered findings uncover engaging gender similarities and differences in social media consumption and the type, subject, matter and style in which they posted their content, but also in regards to the performance of the self between the online and offline space.
CIVIL PROCEEDINGS WITH FOREIGN PARTICIPANTS IN CHINA
Authors: Wei Wang , Rusakova Ekaterina , Zimakov Andrei
Published: November 2020

This article considers the civil procedural legislation of the China, legal status of foreigners, jurisdiction of Chinese courts, and examines the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in civil and commercial matters on the territory of China. In order to achieve the above research objectives, we have identified the following research tasks: to summarize the development history of China's legislation related to civil proceedings with foreign participants, especially the changes in the Civil Procedure Law in several amendments; to determine the legal status of foreigners in civil proceedings and the scope of jurisdiction of Chinese courts over civil proceedings with foreign participants; to analyse treaties about judicial assistance signed between China and other countries or international organizations, especially those relating to recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in civil and commercial matters on the territory of China
Circumcision Tradition (Reconstruction of Knowledge From Circumcision Practice in Non-Muslim Men in Medan)
Authors: Bangun Dewantara , Berutu Lister
Published: November 2020

This research aims to discuss non-Muslim men's knowledge about circumcision practices that have done both pieces of knowledge about the meaning of circumcision and how to circumcision.  Besides, to know various reasons, they practice circumcision. The method used is an ethnographic method with in-depth observation and interview techniques, by jumping directly into the research field at Sunatan House and Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan. The result of the study is that non-Muslim men interpret circumcision as cutting the tip of the penis, which can clean the impurities attached to the end of the penis and avoid various diseases. While the reason they commit circumcision is categorized into two categories, namely health and culture.
FAKTOR- FAKTOR YANG BERASOSIASI PADA KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA BAYI DI BAWAH DUA TAHUN DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PANDRAH KABUPATEN BIREUEN
Authors: Fitriani Aida , Gurnida Dida A. , Rachmawati Anita
Published: November 2020

Stunting is a condition of physical growth failure characterized by height for age under -2 SD from the WHOchart growth standard. This study used adesign cross sectional with variables of birth weight, non-exclusive breastfeeding, maternal education, education. father, history of ANC visits, socio-economic history, and work history of parents.  This study used a sample of 56 baduta who were stunting. The sample in this study, namely mothers who have baduta. This study uses instruments in the form of a questionnaire and an infantometer. Data analysis used univariable analysis, bivariable analysis with chi square test and multivariable with logistic regression analysis.  The results showed that the prevalence of stunting in the study site was 31.8%, the factor most associated with stunting in the ANC visit was POR = 10.54 (95% CI: 4.20-25.03) p value =
GAMBARAN ASUPAN NUTRISI DIMASA PANDEMI PADA MAHASISWA
Authors: Dewi Novita , Maemunah Neni , Putri Ronasari Mahaji
Published: November 2020

Nutritional intake is needed by every human being to fulfill his survival. Proper nutrition results in the fulfillment of nutrients so that they can fight the COVID-19 virus. Covid-19 is at risk for students, most of whom are still dependent on their parents. The aim of the study was to describe the nutritional intake during the pandemic for students. This study uses an exploratory narrative method, with a cross-sectional approach. The instrument is a geogle form. Sampling by purposive sampling. The results showed that respondents in the second semester were 18 people (52.9%), respondents aged 20-22 years were 27 people (79%), respondents had an allowance of
Reactive eosinophilia in children with food allergies (clinical observations)
Authors: Sokolova N. A. , Pavlushkina L. V. , Shokhina O. S. , Gorshkova N. A.
Published: November 2020

The article presents two clinical observations: eosinophilia in a 2-yearold patient and a 10-year-old child associated with food allergy. We analyzed hemogram’s values and discussed hematological alterations. The reasons for reactive eosinophilia are considered.
Universal Ownership and Systemic Risks
Authors: Quigley Ellen
Published: November 2020

The COVID-19 crisis has laid bare many pre-existing conditions of modern society. Besides the obvious lack of pandemic preparedness, these include biodiversity loss, air pollution, supply chain vulnerabilities, and inequality, to name a few – all systemic risks that threaten the health and wellbeing of humans, the environment, or both. For universal owners this is their belief made manifest, proof that externalities generated in one part of the system can add outsized costs to the rest. This presentation explores how institutional investors can affect systemic risks like climate change or global pandemics.
Automatic Wheat Lodging Detection and Mapping in Aerial Imagery to Support High-Throughput Phenotyping and In-Season Crop Management
Authors: Zhao Biquan , Li Jiating , Baenziger P. Stephen , Belamkar Vikas , Ge Yufeng , Zhang Jian , Shi Yeyin
Published: November 2020

Latest advances in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) allow us to detect crop lodging in a more precise and accurate way. However, the performance and generalization of a model capable of detecting lodging when the plants may show different spectral and morphological signatures have not been investigated much. This study investigated and compared the performance of models trained using aerial imagery collected at two growth stages of winter wheat with different canopy phenotypes. Specifically, three CNN-based models were trained with aerial imagery collected at early grain filling stage only, at physiological maturity only, and at both stages. Results show that the multi-stage model trained by images from both growth stages outperformed the models trained by images from individual growth stages on all testing data. The mean accuracy of the multi-stage model was 89.23% for both growth stages, while the mean of the other two models were 52.32% and 84.9%, respectively. This study demonstrates the importance of diversity of training data in big data analytics, and the feasibility of developing a universal decision support system for wheat lodging detection and mapping multi-growth stages with high-resolution remote sensing imagery.
Practical Methods for Breaking Seed Dormancy in a Wild Ornamental Tulip Species Tulipa thianschanica Regel
Authors: Zhang Wei , Qu Lian-Wei , Zhao Jun , Xue Li , Dai Han-Ping , Xing Gui-Mei , Lei Jia-Jun
Published: November 2020

The innate physiological dormancy of Tulipa thianschanica seeds ensures its survival and regeneration in the natural environment. However, the low percentage of germination restricts the establishment of its population and commercial breeding. To develop effective ways to break dormancy and improve germination, some important factors of seed germination of T. thianschanica were tested, including temperature, gibberellin (GA3) and/or kinetin (KT), cold stratification and sowing depth. The percentage of germination was as high as 80.7% at a constant temperature of 4 °C, followed by 55.6% at a fluctuating temperature of 4/16 °C, and almost no seeds germinated at 16 °C, 20 °C and 16/20 °C. Treatment with exogenous GA3 significantly improved the germination of seeds, but KT had a slight effect on the germination of T. thianschanica seeds. The combined treatment of GA3 and KT was more effective at enhancing seed germination than any individual treatment, and the optimal hormone concentration for the germination of T. thianschanica seeds was 100 mg/L GA3 + 10 mg/L KT. In addition, it took at least 20 days of cold stratification to break the seed dormancy of T. thianschanica. The emergence of T. thianschanica seedlings was the highest with 82.4% at a sowing depth of 1.5 cm, and it decreased significantly at a depth of >3.0 cm. This study provides information on methods to break dormancy and promote the germination of T. thianschanica seeds.
The Use of Red Shade Nets Improves Growth in Salinized Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Plants by Regulating Their Ion Homeostasis and Hormone Balance
Authors: Gálvez Amparo , Albacete Alfonso , del Amor Francisco M. , López-Marín Josefa
Published: November 2020

The actual climate crisis scenario is aggravating the abiotic stress episodes that crop plants have to face. Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses directly impairing plant growth and productivity. Several strategies have been developed to minimize the negative effects of salinity in agricultural industry, mainly at the plant level, while management strategies, such us the control of microclimate conditions and light quality over plant canopy, have also been used. Indeed, shading plants with photoselective nets has been considered an efficient management strategy to modulate solar radiation to improve crop productivity. The aim of this work was to gain insights about the physiological factors underlying the salinity-alleviating effect of using red shading nets. For that, pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) were grown under control (0 mM NaCl) and moderate salinity (35 mM NaCl) conditions, with half of the plants covered with a red net (30% shading). The shoot growth impairment provoked by salinity was in part minimized by shading plants with red nets, which can be explained by their higher capacity to exclude Na+, control of K+ homeostasis and regulation of hormonal balance. Indeed, the concentrations of the most active cytokinin in pepper, trans-zeatin, as well as its metabolic precursor, zeatin riboside, increased in shaded plants, associated to shoot growth recovery and photosynthetic rate maintenance under salinity. Furthermore, the stress-related hormone abscisic acid (ABA) increased with salinity but in a lower extend in the plants shaded with red nets, suggesting a fine tune of stomata opening by ABA which, in crosstalk with salicylic acid increment, improved plant water relations. Likewise, the concentrations of gibberellins and the ethylene precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, also changed during salinity stress in shaded plants but those changes were uncoupled of growth responses as indicated by the principal component analysis and thus they seem to play a minor role. Our data demonstrate that shading pepper plants with red nets is an efficient management strategy to modulate microclimate conditions at crop level thus controlling the ion homeostasis and hormonal balance of the plant to cope with salinity stress. This is especially important due to the actual and expected changes of the global climatic conditions.
Hemin Prevents Increased Glycolysis in Macrophages upon Activation: Protection by Microbiota-Derived Metabolites of Polyphenols
Authors: Carrasco-Pozo Catalina , Tan Kah Ni , Avery Vicky M.
Published: November 2020

Meat consumption plays a critical role in the development of several types of cancer. Hemin, a metabolite of myoglobin produced after meat intake, has been demonstrated to be involved in the cancer initiation phase. Macrophages are key components of the innate immunity, which, upon activation, can prevent cancer development by eliminating neoplastic cells. Metabolic reprogramming, characterized by high glycolysis and low oxidative phosphorylation, is critical for macrophage activation. 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (3,4DHPAA) and 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4HPAA), both microbiota-derived metabolites of flavonoids, have not been extensively studied although they exert antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hemin on the anticancer properties of macrophages and the role of 3,4DHPAA and 4HPAA in metabolic reprogramming and activation of macrophages leading to the elimination of cancer cells. The results showed that hemin inhibited glycolysis, glycolytic, and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) enzyme activities and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) stabilization, which interferes with macrophage activation (evidenced by decreased interferon-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) release) and their ability to eliminate cancer cells (via cytotoxic mediators and phagocytosis). Hemin also reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and mitochondrial mass in macrophages. 3,4DHPAA and 4HPAA, by stimulating glycolysis and PPP, prevented the impairment of the macrophage anticancer activity induced by hemin. In conclusion, 3,4HPAA and 4HPAA administration could represent a promising strategy for preventing the reduction of macrophage activation induced by hemin.
Antioxidant and Cytoprotective Effect of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) with Pressurized Hot Water Extraction (PHWE)
Authors: Ong Eng Shi , Pek Charlene Jia Ning , Tan Joseph Choon Wee , Leo Chen Huei
Published: November 2020

Quinoa is widely noted for its nutritional value. The seed is the main edible part of the plant and exists in at least three different colors: white, red and black. This study utilized a pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) for the extraction of phytochemicals from quinoa. Chemical fingerprints with LC/UV and LC/MS using a targeted approach and pattern recognition tools were used to evaluate the quinoa extracts. The antioxidant properties for various types of quinoa were evaluated using DPPH assay, ABTS assay and the cytoprotective effect of quinoa extracts were investigated in HMEC-1 cell line. Distinctive chemical profiles obtained from black and red quinoa were well correlated with the antioxidant activities and cytoprotective effects. The combination of PHWE, chemical standardization with LC/UV and LC/MS, pattern recognition tools and biological assay provided an approach for the evaluation and eventual production of quinoa extracts for functional food.
Scrophularia buergeriana Extract Improves Memory Impairment via Inhibition of the Apoptosis Pathway in the Mouse Hippocampus
Authors: Lee Hae Jin , Lee Dae Young , Kim Hae Lim , Yang Seung Hwan
Published: November 2020

Scrophularia buergeriana (SB) Miq. (Scrophulariaceae) has been used to help cure swelling and fever and has reported antioxidant and neuro-protective effects. However, few mechanism–based studies have evaluated the memory-improving effects in a beta-amyloid induced memory loss model. As a result of Scrophularia buergeriana extract (SBE) administration (30 and 100 mg/kg) for 28 days significantly recovered beta-amyloid-induced amnesia in the passive avoidance test and improved the impairment of spatial memory in the Morris Water Maze (MWM) task. Furthermore, SBE up-regulated superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD)-1, SOD-2, glutathione peroxidase-1, and B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 protein expression levels. Additionally, SBE downregulated Bcl-2-associated X protein, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase, and Aβ protein expression levels and inhibited the phosphorylation of the tau protein of Aβ-treated mice hippocampus. These results demonstrate that SBE improved memory impairment by reducing beta-amyloid induced neurotoxicity and regulated oxidative stress, anti-apoptotic pathways.
Robot Partner Development Platform for Human-Robot Interaction Based on a User-Centered Design Approach
Authors: Woo Jinseok , Ohyama Yasuhiro , Kubota Naoyuki
Published: November 2020

This paper presents a robot partner development platform based on smart devices. Humans communicate with others based on the basic motivations of human cooperation and have communicative motives based on social attributes. Understanding and applying these communicative motives become important in the development of socially-embedded robot partners. Therefore, it is becoming more important to develop robots that can be applied according to needs while taking these human communication elements into consideration. The role of a robot partner is more important in not only on the industrial sector but also in households. However, it seems that it will take time to disseminate robots. In the field of service robots, the development of robots according to various needs is important and the system integration of hardware and software becomes crucial. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a robot partner development platform for human-robot interaction. Firstly, we propose a modularized architecture of robot partners using a smart device to realize a flexible update based on the re-usability of hardware and software modules. In addition, we show examples of implementing a robot system using the proposed architecture. Next, we focus on the development of various robots using the modular robot partner system. Finally, we discuss the effectiveness of the proposed robot partner system through social implementation and experiments.
Design and Implementation of a Big Data Evaluator Recommendation System Using Deep Learning Methodology
Authors: Cha Sukil , Yi Mun Y. , Youm Sekyoung
Published: November 2020

As the number of researchers in South Korea has grown, there is increasing dissatisfaction with the selection process for national research and development (R&D) projects among unsuccessful applicants. In this study, we designed a system that can recommend the best possible R&D evaluators using big data that are collected from related systems, refined, and analyzed. Our big data recommendation system compares keywords extracted from applications and from the full-text of the achievements of the evaluator candidates. Weights for different keywords are scored using the term frequency–inverse document frequency algorithm. Comparing the keywords extracted from the achievement of the evaluator candidates’, a project comparison module searches, scores, and ranks these achievements similarly to the project applications. The similarity scoring module calculates the overall similarity scores for different candidates based on the project comparison module scores. To assess the performance of the evaluator candidate recommendation system, 61 applications in three Review Board (RB) research fields (system fusion, organic biochemistry, and Korean literature) were recommended as the evaluator candidates by the recommendation system in the same manner as the RB’s recommendation. Our tests reveal that the evaluator candidates recommended by the Korean Review Board and those recommended by our system for 61 applications in different areas, were the same. However, our system performed the recommendation in less time with no bias and fewer personnel. The system requiresrevisions to reflect qualitative indicators, such as journal reputation, before it can entirely replace the current evaluator recommendation process.
Encapsulation of mRNA into Artificial Viral Capsids via Hybridization of a β-Annulus-dT20 Conjugate and the Poly(A) Tail of mRNA
Authors: Nakamura Yoko , Sato Yuki , Inaba Hiroshi , Iwasaki Takashi , Matsuura Kazunori
Published: November 2020

Messenger RNA (mRNA) drugs have attracted considerable attention as promising tools with many therapeutic applications. The efficient delivery of mRNA drugs using non-viral materials is currently being explored. We demonstrate a novel concept where mCherry mRNA bearing a poly(A) tail is encapsulated into capsids co-assembled from viral β-annulus peptides bearing a 20-mer oligothymine (dT20) at the N-terminus and unmodified peptides via hybridization of dT20 and poly(A). Dynamic light scattering measurements and transmission electron microscopy images of the mRNA-encapsulated capsids show the formation of spherical assemblies of approximately 50 nm. The encapsulated mRNA shows remarkable ribonuclease resistance. Further, modification by a cell-penetrating peptide (His16) on the capsid enables the intracellular expression of mCherry of encapsulated mRNA.
Multiscale Modelling Approach Targeting Optimisation of PCM into Constructive Solutions for Overheating Mitigation in Buildings
Authors: Figueiredo António , Vicente Romeu , Oliveira Rui , Rodrigues Fernanda , Samagaio António
Published: November 2020

Nowadays, the rising gap between the global energy supply and demand is a well-known circumstance in society. Exploring the solution to invert this tendency leads to several different scenarios of energy demand saving strategies that can be improved using phase change materials (PCM), especially in cold-formed steel-framed buildings. The present research reports the overheating (indoor air temperature above 26 °C expressed as an annualized percentage rate) reduction in south-oriented compartments and energy performance of a detached house located in the Aveiro region, in Portugal. An optimisation study was performed incorporating different phase change materials (PCMs) solutions and their position in the exterior envelope focusing overheating rate reduction and heating demand. The optimisations were managed by using a hybrid evolutionary algorithm coupled with EnergyPlus® simulation software. The overheating risk was reduced by up to 24% in the cooling season, for the case of the building compartments with south orientation. Thus, the use of construction solutions using PCMs with different melting temperatures revealed to be a good strategy to maximise PCM efficiency as a passive solution.
Aerobic Exercise with Superimposed Virtual Reality Improves Cognitive Flexibility and Selective Attention in Young Males
Authors: Sañudo Borja , Abdi Ellie , Bernardo-Filho Mario , Taiar Redha
Published: November 2020

The literature to date is limited regarding the implantation of VR in healthy young individuals with a focus on cognitive function. Thirty healthy males aged between 22.8 and 24.3 years volunteered to participate in the study randomly and were assigned to one of two groups with alike exercises: an experimental group (GE, n = 15) that performed an exercise protocol with a VR game and a controlled group that performed the exercise protocol without the VR (CON, n = 15). A 128-card computerized version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST) and the Stroop test were completed before and after the exercise protocol. There was a significant interaction effect between time and condition for WCST preservation errors (F1,30 = 4.59, p = 0.041, η2p = 0.141) and a significant time effect for all WCST and Stroop outcomes in GE. Results of preliminary findings suggest that the use of a VR platform offers effective benefits with respect to cognitive flexibility and selective attention. In addition, participants can achieve additional benefits in cognitive flexibility by engaging in a traditional exercise protocol of a similar volume.