bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) device based on polarity interchangeable electrodes
Authors: Lee Gihyoun , Park Ji-Su , Cho Hong-Sig , Lee Bong-Choon , Jung Young-Jin
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND:

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique that can help modulate cortical excitability by transmitting direct current (DC) between a pair of scalp electrodes. To date, most studies on tDCS have been relatively short-lived, and the DC stimulations only lasted a few minutes. Conventional tDCS devices usually have some problems such as needing a lot of patches and lead lines.

OBJECTIVE:

Since conventional tDCS devices are unsuitable for use in long-term stimulations, we developed a new tDCS which can easily be used by unskilled persons.

METHODS:

We developed a new tDCS device that does not have lead lines for tDCS electrodes and has a simple structure.

RESULT:

This device can achieve stimulation with polarity interchangeable DC without physically swapping the anode and cathode. The performance of the proposed device was verified through an experiment.

CONCLUSION:

The developed tDCS device can contribute to long-term research as it uses neuroelectric stimulation.
A study on age- and gender-dependent differences in distance and angle between the internal carotid artery and basilar artery
Authors: Choi Mi-Hyun , Kim Hyung-Sik , Lee Beob-Yi , Chung Soon-Cheol
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND:

Variations or malformation of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and basilar artery (BA) can be risk factors during simple surgery. So medically the focus has been on information about the positional relationship between the blood vessels based on the distance and angle between the ICA and BA.

OBJECTIVE:

This study measured the distance and angle between the ICA and BA in 188 healthy Korean male and female subjects in their 20s and 40s and analyzed the differences in terms of age and gender.

METHODS:

Magnetic resonance images were obtained; the distance between the right ICA and BA was defined as R1 [cm], the distance between the left ICA and BA was defined as L2 [cm], and the distance between the right ICA and left ICA was defined as M3 [cm]. The angles between the right and left ICA and BA were defined as AR1 [degree] and AR2 [degree], respectively.

RESULTS:

With increasing age, R1 and M3 became shorter in both men and women, and L2 became shorter only in women.

CONCLUSION:

The results of this study provide data on the average distance and angle between the ICA and BA of healthy Korean men and women in their 20s and 40s, which may later be used to support the diagnosis of relevant brain diseases and simple routine surgical procedures.
Significance of vascular endothelium growth factor testing in exhaled breath condensate of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Chen Jinliang , Lv Xuedong , He Haiyan , Qi Feng , Chen Jianrong
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE:

We aimed to observe and investigate the clinical significance of vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) levels in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) from patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

METHODS:

An improved EcoScreen condenser was used to collect EBC from 31 ARDS patients on mechanical ventilation and from 22 healthy subjects. Serum and EBC VEGF levels were analyzed with ELISA. VEGF levels in the EBC of patients with different grades of lung injuries were analyzed. The correlation between VEGF levels and clinical indicators was analyzed.

RESULTS:

Serum and EBC VEGF levels were linearly and positively correlated with a correlation coefficient of 0.694 ([Formula: see text] 0.01). The VEGF level in the EBC of ARDS patients was significantly lower than that in the control group ([Formula: see text] 0.01). The VEGF level in the EBC of the mild ARDS group was higher than that in the moderate-severe ARDS group ([Formula: see text] 0.01). The VEGF level in the EBC of the survival group was higher than that in the mortality group. The VEGF level in the EBC of ARDS patients was positively correlated with PaO[Formula: see text]/FiO[Formula: see text] and PaO[Formula: see text] and was negatively correlated with lung injury score (LIS) and A-aDO[Formula: see text]/PaO[Formula: see text].

CONCLUSION:

The changes in VEGF levels in the EBC of ARDS patients can Respiratory Medicine, reflect the severity of lung injury. Therefore, VEGF level in EBC can be used as an auxiliary index for judging the severity and prognosis of ARDS patients.
Analysis of related factors and disease costs of respiratory infection and environmental pollution in children
Authors: Hu Fan , Jing Limei , Shi Rong
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND:

In recent years, air pollution and the number of children with respiratory tract infections increased. This also increased the burden related to the treatment of disease, so the government and relevant departments need to strengthen their management.

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of the present study was to quantitatively analyze the relationship between respiratory infection and air quality in children and gain insight into the burden of related diseases.

METHODS:

Data regarding outpatient and emergency department visits in children of 14 years or younger in 16 public and private medical institutions were collected for four months. Routine air quality monitoring data in Shanghai from the same period were correlated with these medical data by descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis.

RESULTS:

There was a positive correlation between respiratory tract infections in 73376 children and Air Quality Index (AQI), PM2.5, SO[Formula: see text] and NO[Formula: see text] levels. The total medical expense per patient was 80.22 yuan, and the average compensation ratio of medical insurance per patient was 18.95%. The increase in AQI and the concentration of major air pollutants will lead to increased medical treatment for children with respiratory diseases.

CONCLUSION:

It is suggested that the intensity of air pollution control should be increased, so that the special period of childhood respiratory protection is strengthened. Moreover, child medical insurance coverage should also be moderately increased to safeguard the rights and interests of children’s health.
Effect of potassium channel noise on nerve discharge based on the Chay model
Authors: Jiang Zhongting , Wang Dong , Shang Huijie , Chen Yuehui
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND:

The nervous system senses and transmits information through the firing behavior of neurons, and this process is affected by various noises. However, in the previous study of the influence of noise on nerve discharge, the channel of some noise effects is not clear, and the difference from other noises was not examined.

OBJECTIVE:

To construct ion channel noise which is more biologically significant, and to clarify the basic characteristics of the random firing rhythm of neurons generated by different types of noise acting on ion channels.

Method:

Based on the dynamics of the ion channel, we constructed ion channel noise. We simulated the nerve discharge based on the Chay model of potassium ion channel noise, and used the nonlinear time series analysis method to measure the certainty and randomness of nerve discharge.

RESULTS:

In the Chay model with potassium ion noise, the chaotic rhythm defined by the original model could be effectively unified with the random rhythm simulated by the previous random Chay model into a periodic bifurcation process.

CONCLUSION:

This method clarified the influence of ion channel noise on nerve discharge, better understood the randomness of nerve discharge and provided a more reasonable explanation for the mechanism of nerve discharge.
Location detection of key areas in medical images based on Haar-like fusion contour feature learning
Authors: Yu Shuchun , Wang Qi , Ru Changhai , Pang Ming
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND:

Key area location is an important content of medical image processing and an important detail of auxiliary medical diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE:

In this paper, a prior knowledge fusion method based on Haar-like feature and contour feature is proposed to locate and detect key areas in medical images.

METHOD:

For the image to be processed, six Haar-like features and five contour features are extracted respectively. The improvement of Haar-like feature extraction template better adapts to the complexity of regional structure of medical images. The design of the contour feature extraction process fully reflects the consideration of feature invariance. The two features, together with prior knowledge, are fed into their respective decision makers and final fusers as the basis for determining and locating key regions.

RESULTS:

The experimental results show that the proposed method has excellent performance in locating key regions of medical images on MRI. When the capacity of the database increases from 10 to 200, the accuracy of locating the key areas of the image to be processed still reaches more than 90%.

CONCLUSION:

The proposed method realizes the accurate location of the key areas of medical images, which is of great significance for the auxiliary medical diagnosis.
A simple segmentation and quantification method for numerical quantitative analysis of cells and tissues
Authors: Kang Hyun-Kyu , Kim Ki-Han , Ahn Jin-Su , Kim Hong-Bae , Yi Jeong-Han , Kim Hyung-Sik
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND:

Microscopic image analysis based on image processing is required for quantitative evaluation of decellularization. Existing methods are not widely used because of expensive commercial software, and machine learning-based techniques lack generality for decellularization because many high-resolution image data has to be processed.

OBJECTIVE:

In this study, we developed an image processing algorithm for quantitative analysis of tissues and cells in a general microscopic image.

METHODS:

The proposed method extracts the color images obtained by the microscope into reference images consisting of grayscale, red (R), green (G), and blue (B) information and transforms each into a binary image. The transformed images were extracted by separating the cells and tissues through outlier noise elimination, logical multiplication and labeling. In order to verify the method, decellularization of porcine arotic valve was performed by the electrical method. Slice samples were obtained by time and the proposed method was applied.

RESULTS:

The experimental results show that the segmentation of cells and tissues, and quantitative analysis of the number of cells and changes in tissue area during the decellularization process was possible.

CONCLUSIONS:

The proposed method shows that cell and tissue extraction and quantitative numerical analysis were possible in different brightness of microscopic images.
Tercera edad:
Authors: Redacción Consejo de
Published: April 2020

Como indica el título, el presente artículo editorial pretende reﬂexionar sobre la tercera edad, desde el punto de vista de las oportunidades y los retos que plantea la tercera etapa de la vida en nuestras sociedades. Sociedades en las que el envejecimiento de la población tiene proporciones inéditas. Tras unas consideraciones generales sobre el fenómeno de la vejez y sobre las circunstancias que pueden convertirla en auténtico problema, se proponen unas reﬂexiones acerca de la responsabilidad que, en la respuesta a ese problema, atañe a la familia, al Estado y a las instituciones de la sociedad. Desde una perspectiva ética, se pretende aportar elementos de respuesta a la pregunta ¿qué puede y debe aportar cada instancia desde su ámbito especíﬁco? Pero además de derechos, las personas mayoras tienen deberes y pueden hacer aportaciones sustantivas a la sociedad. Al ﬁn y al cabo, la vejez es también una oportunidad.
Economía comportamental, comercio electrónico y formación de los precios
Authors: Tortorella Esposito Guido , Mascolo Rita , Araque Hontangas Natividad
Published: April 2020

El objetivo de este texto es estudiar el tema del rol del consumidor en la fijación de los precios con referencia al comercio electrónico, utilizando el enfoque de la economía comportamental, teniendo en cuenta que el comercio electrónico ha trasladado el encuentro entre la demanda y la oferta del mercado desde un enfoque tradicionalmente bidimensional, donde las variables fundamentales son el precio y la cantidad, a un espacio multidimensional, desmaterializado y potencialmente infinito.
Ofidismo en el Paraguay: distribución geográfica, alteraciones fisiopatólogicas y necesidad de la preparación de un veneno de referencia nacional
Authors: Borges Adolfo
Published: April 2020

El accidente ofídico en el Paraguay es un evento frecuente que reviste gravedad si la serpiente asociada pertenece a las familias Viperidae y Elapidae, particularmente en los departamentos fronterizos con el Brasil, en donde afecta principalmente a hombres en actividades agrícolas entre los 20 y 40 años de edad. El oriente del Paraguay, junto con el sudeste del Brasil, ha sido identificado como una de las áreas de mayor incidencia de ofidismo en todo el Neotrópico. Se presenta una revisión de la problemática desde el punto de vista epidemiológico y fisiopatológico, conjuntamente con la distribución de las especies de potencial importancia médica de los géneros Bothrops y Micrurus. Se plantea la necesidad de elaborar un veneno de referencia nacional que represente las especies asociadas a los envenenamientos severos y que permita la evaluación de la capacidad neutralizante de antídotos foráneos, así como la eventual preparación de un antiveneno nacional.
Analysis of the activity of oncocalyxone A (Auxemma oncocalyx) and doxorubicin on the in vitro development of porcine oocytes
Authors: Leiva Revilla Johanna , Maside Carolina , Vieira Luis , Cadenas Jesús , Acioly Ana Clara Ferreira , Paes Victor Macedo , Agiar Francisco Leo , Celestino Juliana Jales de Hollanda , Alves Benner Geraldo , Pessoa Otilia Deusdenia Loiola , Toniolli Ricardo , Rodrigues Ana Paula , Figueiredo José Ricardo de
Published: April 2020

Most anticancer drugs like doxorubicin (DXR) have low specificity that results in undesirable effects especially when it comes to collateral effects on reproduction. Plants are excellent sources when searching for new drugs. Auxemma oncocalyx (A. oncocalyx) and its main component Oncocalyxone A (onco A) have anti-tumoral activity and are less toxic than DXR in reproductive parameters. However, there are no studies on the action of these drugs regarding the porcine in vitro oocyte competence and embryo development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of A. oncocalyx and onco A exposure during in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes (Experiment 1) or in vitro embryo culture (IVC) (Experiment 2) on the oocyte developmental competence. For experiment 1, COCs were distributed in IVM medium alone (control) or supplemented with DXR (0.3 g/mL), A. oncocalyx (1.2 g/mL) and onco A (1 g/mL). Then, oocytes were submitted to in vitro fertilization (IVF) and in vitro embryo culture. For experiment 2, zygotes were cultured with DXR, A. oncocalyx and onco A for 7 days. Viability, maturation, fertilization and embryo developmental parameters were evaluated in both experiments. In experiment 1; DXR, A. oncocalyx and onco A reduced (P<0.05) oocyte viability  and  IVM  efficiency.  Onco A increased (P<0.05) the meiotic resumption. After IVF, all drugs reduced (P<0.05) viability, IVF efficiency and percentage of cleaved embryos, nevertheless, only DXR decreased the percentage of blastocyst. In experiment 2; all drugs reduced (P<0.05) the percentage of penetration, but only DXR and onco A decreased (P<0.05) IVF efficiency. DXR and A. oncocalyx decreased (P<0.05) the percentage of cleaved embryo, but had no effect on blastocyst formation. In conclusion, the addition of DXR during IVM or IVC negatively affected the IVF efficiency and cleavage rate. In addition, the exposure of COCs to DXR only during IVM was more detrimental to oocyte viability and blastocyst formation than A. oncocalyx and onco A.
MODIFIKASI CYLINDER HEAD DAN INJEKSI GAS HHO TERHADAP PERFORMA MESIN 4 LANGKAH 1 SILINDER
Authors: Puspitasari Indah
Published: April 2020

Kendaraan yang high performance dan irit bahan bakar dapat dihasilkan dari memodifikasi mesin. Tujuan penelitian adalah memodifikasi intake dan exhaust cylinder head  menggunakan bahan bakar pertalite dengan penambahan gas HHO (Hidrogen Hidrogen Oksigen), kemudian menganalisa pengaruhnya terhadap performa mesin. Dengan memperbesar diameter intake dan exhaust menjadi 28.35 mm dari ukuran standar 26 mm (intake) dan 26.5 mm (exhaust). Kemudian menambahkan dimple pada intake dengan jarak berdempetan (variasi 1) dan berjarak 1 mm (variasi 2). Pengujian performa dilakukan dengan dynotest. Berdasarkan pengujian, variasi 1 memiliki performa lebih baik dibanding standar. Daya maksimum standar yaitu 18.2 hp putaran 6690 rpm, daya terendah yaitu 7.8 hp putaran 10.000 rpm. Daya maksimum variasi 1 yaitu 18.9 hp putaran 7175 rpm, daya terendah yaitu 9.4 hp putaran 6240 rpm. Torsi maksimum standar yaitu 19.24 N.m putaran 6671 rpm, torsi terendah yaitu 5.49 N.m putaran 10000 rpm. Torsi maksimum variasi 1 yaitu 18.8 putaran 7133 rpm, torsi terendah yaitu 17.38 N.m putaran 10000 rpm. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa mesin modifikasi memiliki kestabilan performa lebih baik dibandingkan mesin standar, disebabkan bahan bakar yang terendap pada dimple namun performa puncak mesin modifikasi tidak lebih baik dari mesin standar dikarenakan suplai bahan bakar yang sama dari karburator.
Marketing Strategy of Star Fruit (Averhoa bilimbi L) in Tulungagung District
Authors: Suparno Suparno
Published: April 2020

Star fruit (Averhoa bilimbi L) is widely planted in Tulungagung Regency, East Java, because according to its agro-climate, it is easy to plant and maintain, and also easy to market. The research objectives are 1. Analyzing the condition of internal and external factors in the marketing of star fruit in Tulungagung Regency, and 2. Determining the strategy that needs to be done in marketing star fruit in Tulungagung Regency. The study was conducted in Tulungagung Regency, the data obtained were analyzed by the SWOT method, then a strategy was established. Based on the results of the analysis it can be concluded that the star fruit marketing strategy in Tulungagung Regency is an SO strategy that is to use power to take advantage of opportunities, its activities are: 1. Specific guidance for star fruit farmers; 2. Increase production to meet market needs; 3. Policy for guiding and processing star fruit; 4. Coordinating distributors with transportation services; 5. Priority for exemplary farmers; 6. Utilization of the local market
Improvement of "Premium Coffee" Production in SRIDONORETNO Association of Dampit District, Malang
Authors: Riyanto Sugeng , Muchlisyiyah Jhauharotul , Arafat Septrial
Published: April 2020

Malang is regency that has a high potential of coffee production which is 7,703 tons every year. Of the several types of coffee producers, one of the well-known is Dampit District which since the Dutch era was known as a coffee producer and until now the Dampit District is still known as the first coffee producer. The coffee quality improvement activity has consistently been started by the SRIDONORETNO Association. Currently the SRIDONORETNO Association's coffee production results are directly absorbed by the community of coffee shops and lovers in Malang (± 80 shops in Malang) and several shops outside the city of Malang. Activities undertaken to support consistent quality and increase the production of premium coffee are simply educating the group to raise the number of members participating in the red picking program. Train group members to become quality controllers. Create a processing group by making mobile devices that can serve many groups.
Strategy of Vegetables Traders in Maintaining Social Capital with Workers
Authors: Riyanto Sugeng , Ambayoen Mas Ayu , Nala Mubarak Ahmad Hilman
Published: April 2020

East Java as one barometer of the economic development of Indonesia and has an important role in growing the economy of Indonesia. East Java is an Indonesian rice barns, so did the horticultural farm in East Java also do not want to fall behind the other regions, East Java has featured vegetable Sentara centres capable of supplying the needs of vegetable in East Java. The success of the East Java region became the centre of vegetables can not be separated from marketing activities of vegetable payments needs capital activities support the successful marketing of vegetables. This research activity will try exploring preservation form of social capital among vegetable traders and their workers. This study used a qualitative approach to the vegetable traders in the village Tawangargo. Qualitative approach in this research is conducted using research strategy CASE STUDY. The results of the study illustrate how social capital with traders keeping their workers are with; 1. Make workers as partners 2. Give decent salary and bonus 3. Comfort in work.
THE ORGANIC MATTER CHARACTERISTIC OF LOWER MIOCENE FORMATION IN CUU LONG BASIN
Authors: Bui Luan Thi
Published: April 2020

Cuu Long basin is located mainly in South Vietnam continental shelf and a part of mainland belonging to Mekong estuary area. It has an oval shape, convex seawards and lies along Vung Tau-Binh Thuan coast. Cuu Long basin adjoins mainland northwestwards, separates from Nam Con Son basin by Con Son uplift, southwest part is Khorat - Natuna uplift and northeast part is Tuy Hoa strike-slips separated from Phu Khanh basin. Recent oil and gas quantity exploited from Cuu Long basin is evaluated to be produced dominantly from Oligocene organic-rich sediments. Some studies suggested that organic matter of lower Miocene shale deposits fails to come up to standard of source rock or very poor source rock. Lower Miocene sediments considered how to play a role in providing production into trap is the subject studied more in detailed in this report. The organic carbon (TOC %) in lower Miocene source rocks contains mostly kerogene type III is 0.64-1.32%. The depositional environment of the organic matter in the lower Miocene sediments is terrestral. Therefore the lower Miocene formation may be considered the source rocks, but has not generated hydrocarbon, because it has not passed the oil window. The depositional environment of the organic matter in the lower Miocene sediments is terrestry.
MINERAL - PETROGRAPHICAL, PETROCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF XUAN THU GRANITOID MASSIF, QUANG NGAI PROVINCE
Authors: Le Phuc Duc , Tran Hung Phu , Tran Thang Dai
Published: April 2020

The first time, Xuanthu granitoid massif was researched and arranged into component of Bana complex in project of 1/50,000 scale geological mapping and minerals prediction of Quangngai sheets (Than Duc Duyen et al, 1999). The investigations carried out within area of Nuocnhieu stream, SE corner of Xuanthu massif which has displayed mainly plutonic formations, such as biotite granite, medium - coarse granular 2 mica granite, fine granular granite and fine granular 2 mica granite. Vein phases are commonly aplite, pegmatoid, porphyry granite.... This paper is mainly to research on mineral - petrography and petro - geochemical characteristics as well as to make more clearly about material component, mineral forming order, forming original explaining and related mineralizations of Xuanthu granitoid massif.
无人机在地形图测绘中的应用与研究
Authors: 刘 奇
Published: April 2020

在进行基础地理信息采集工作中,地形图测绘发挥出了重要作用。但由于受到地理因素较为复杂的影响,采集工作往往会遇到一些实际困难。如仅依靠传统模式,会严重影响到所采集信息的准确性,还会延缓各项工程建设的速度。在地形图测绘工作中引入无人机技术后,能够有效解决此类问题,值得在相关工作中大力推广。本文首先讨论了地形图的测绘方式,并对现代航测航空摄影测量特点及无人机在地形图测绘中的应用等方面进行了探讨。
工程测绘质量控制措施分析
Authors: 祁 晓卫
Published: April 2020

伴随着社会的不断进步与发展,我国的各个方面都在积极进取,不断向着社会主义的方向进步,除了在经济、政治、教育等方面都有突出的贡献以外,国家的工程也正在如火如荼的进行中,在中国进入二十一世纪以后,除了追求工程的美观以外,还追求工程的质量。而在工程的所有过程中,工程测绘的步骤成为重中之重。人们对于工程的质量要求越高,那么公司对于工程测绘的改善便越严格。本文则对于工程测绘质量的控制提出相关方法。
地理信息技术在工程测绘中的应用探讨
Authors: 冉 烽均 , 周 鲜明 , 杨 勇
Published: April 2020

随着近年来我国社会经济发展水平的不断提升,科技的发展也相应的取得了极大的进步,依托于不断更新的科学技术,工程测绘技术也相应的得到了很大的发展,在工程建设的过程当中,工程测绘是其中一个很重要的组成部分,对于整个建筑工程来说会起到重要的作用,当前新兴的科技在工程测绘当中的应用越来越广泛,尤其是以GIS和GPS为核心的地理信息技术,可以说地理信息技术在工程测绘当中的应用在很大的程度上促进了工程测绘工作效益的提升,大大提高了工程测绘工作开展的效率和质量,这对于我国工程测绘行业的发展来说无疑会产生积极的促进作用,因此说在未来的发展过程当中,需要加强对地理信息技术应用的探索,继而有效的促进工程测绘行业的发展。
土地变更调查现状及其问题与对策研究
Authors: 崔 冰 , 王 楚维
Published: April 2020

土地变更调查是基于《土地调查条例》以及土地使用现状为模板,对我国土地资源进行科学整合管理,确保土地资源使用阶段调查结果的精确性以及对我国各个地区土地资源后被储量的可视化表达,对我国土地资源管理工作的推进深化具有显著的正向作用,以期将辐射至其他自然学科,推动我国自然学科的稳步发展。本文就土地变更调查现状为切入点,重点分析土地变更调查存在的问题并提出相应的对策建议,为今后的土地变更调查工作的推进提供借鉴。
浅析智慧城市建设中地理信息测绘的应用
Authors: 丁 永良
Published: April 2020

随着改革开放的步伐逐步加快,我们科学技术的不断提高,人们对物质生活的追求不在是单纯的吃得饱、穿得暖。对生活环境有了更高的要求,衣食住行等多方面都会运用互联网信息技术,与此同时智能化服务生活,生活离不开智能化的现象逐渐普遍。伴随着人们生活品质提升,建设智慧城市的步伐更要加快。地理信息测绘作为智慧城市建设的基石起到至关重要的作用。所以,本文简要说明了智慧城市建设如何在地理信息测绘的应用,希望可以对读者有些帮助。
基于LANDSAT卫星影像1987-2017年长白山天池面积动态监测与分析研究
Authors: 王 萧琼
Published: April 2020

在全国气候变暖、环境发生急剧变化的背景下,本文着眼于长白山脉全国最大的火山湖——天池,通过LANDSAT卫星系列数据,利用目视解译法提取近30年天池在非冰冻期时(本文为6-9月)的水面面积,进行同年异月、同月异年的对比,并结合该地区降水数据等进行验证。分析研究面积变化所显示出的全球气候和旅游资源开发等问题,并对长白山景区后续旅游发展和环境保护提出建议,以期为其自然生态保护提供有益参考。
巨厚新生界地层下煤炭高精度地震勘探方法
Authors: 胡 小鹏 , 李 哲 , 李 杨
Published: April 2020

巨厚覆盖地层下地震勘探一直是高精度勘探较大的难题和攻坚技术。三维地震在山东曹县青岗集勘探区进行的方法研究,通过宽方位角的三维观测系统和高密度采集,有效减轻了“采集脚印”；对采集参数进行充分论证,保证了巨厚新生界地层下获得高品质地震资料；采用层析静校正和叠前时间偏移等有效处理手段来提高了地质构造体准确成像问题；并利用波动力学地震属性构造岩性解释等特殊手段提高了对地质构造的有效分辨。从而解决了该勘探区煤炭变焦、剥蚀区范围圈定及构造展布等地质问题。为同类型地质勘探积累了经验。
安徽兆吉口铅锌矿床微量及稀土元素地球化学特征与矿床成因探讨
Authors: 席 明杰 , 马 生明 , 乐 成生
Published: April 2020

兆吉口铅锌矿床是近年来江南过渡带新发现的大型铅锌多金属矿床,截止目前累计探明铅锌资源约50余万吨,矿体主要赋存在蓟县系环沙组变质粉砂岩中,矿石主要以脉状充填形式,呈脉状或团块状产出。研究表明：区内岩石、矿石中微量元素含量差异较大,相对富集Pb、Zn、Au、Cu、Ag、As、Cd、S、Sb等成矿与伴生元素；岩石、矿石样品稀土配分模式相似,δEu异常和Y/Ho比值均表明矿石与地层、岩浆岩之间存在继承关系,具有同源性。环沙组变质粉砂岩在成矿中起主导作用,提供了主要的金属和矿化剂元素,花岗闪长斑岩提供了促使成矿与伴生元素活化的热液。成矿热流体主要来自深部岩浆,成矿作用发生于低温高氧逸度的氧化环境,属浅成低温热液矿床。
土壤重金属污染的危害以及防治措施
Authors: 李 二忠 , 易 忠
Published: April 2020

因为受到经济发展的推动作用,人们的生活质量也在快速提高,但是生活垃圾和生产垃圾的增加严重的影响了生态环境。其中就包括土壤污染问题,人们的生活生产产生的一些垃圾,使得土壤中的重金属物质越来越多,而这些重金属物质都严重的影响着人们的生命健康。土壤已经被污染,人们在这样的土地上种植庄稼,人们吃了受污染的庄稼,有害物质就会被人体吸收,时而久之,就会患得比较严重的病。所以保护土壤环境,防止土壤被污染是人们首要任务。
无人机技术在交通基础设施建设中的应用研究
Authors: 艾 亚涛 , 张 笑帅
Published: April 2020

在城市化建设中交通运输体系发展情况较为重要,为满足居民出行需求,需在完善交通运输体系同时保障基础设施建设质量,这就需要在施工进程中加强管控,其中无人机技术作为先进科技手段之一,可以在装载设备基础上针对交通基础设施建设实况予以实时反馈,使施工单位得以了解施工进度,及时发现施工问题,保障施工安全,继而达到提高建设质量目的,无人机技术应用价值可见一斑。本文通过探析无人机技术在交通基础设施建设中的应用方略,以期提高交通基础设施建设综合质量。
探讨测绘工程中的常见问题与对策
Authors: 吴 婧 , 廖 亚兰
Published: April 2020

近几年来,科学技术在建筑工程领域的应用越来越广泛。测绘作为建筑工程中不可或缺的一部分,需要以先进的设备、科学的技术为支持开展工作。但当前国内的测绘工程受多种因素的影响存在许多问题,发展前景不容乐观。测绘工程数据的准确程度与建筑工程质量有着直接关系,因此所有人员都要提高对测绘工程的重视程度。基于此,文章对测绘工程中的一些常见问题,如进度把控不合理、质量得不到保障、安全管理存在漏洞、缺少专业技术人员等等展开了分析,并提出了相关解决措施。
La inversión directa extranjera ante la crisis sanitaria
Authors: De Política Comercial S.G. de Estudios y Evaluación de Instrumentos
Published: April 2020

La crisis sanitaria está causando profundos efectos humanos, sociales y económicos. En el ámbito de la inversión directa extranjera (IDE) se espera que resulte en descensos de los flujos entre el 30% y el 40% en los próximos años. En este artículo se examina la situación de la IDE, a la luz de las tendencias observadas en las últimas décadas en el mundo y en España, se analiza la relación entre estas tendencias y el impacto previsible de la crisis sanitaria, y se valoran las implicaciones para el diseño de las políticas relacionadas con la IDE.
Conflitto sociale e legittimazione della repressione nella stampa italiana del secondo dopoguerra. I casi di Portella della Ginestra, Melissa e Modena sui periodici "L'Uomo qualunque" e "Candido"
Authors: Dematteis Bianca Maria
Published: April 2020

Il saggio ricostruisce le strategie narrative adottate da "L'Uomo qualunque" e "Candido",periodici anticomunisti e anti-antifascisti, nella rappresentazione del conflitto sociale e dellasua repressione nei primi anni del secondo dopoguerra. Sono stati selezionati tre episodi occorsiin Italia tra il 1° maggio 1947 e il gennaio 1950: la strage di Portella della Ginestra delprimo maggio 1947; l'occupazione delle terre e l'uccisione di tre contadini a Melissa, in Calabria,il 29 ottobre 1949 e infine l'uccisione di sei manifestanti a Modena il 9 gennaio 1950in seguito alla repressione delle proteste operaie. Banalizzazione della violenza, despecificazionedel nemico, omissione dei dati materiali delle morti violente, occultamento delle identitàdegli uccisi, criminalizzazione dei comunisti sono le strategie principali attraverso lequali si estrinseca una cultura politica conservatrice, favorevole al contenimento dello scontrosociale attraverso l'annullamento del diritto di sciopero e un rafforzamento in senso autoritariodello Stato.
Deindustrializzazione e industrial heritage. Approcci convergenti alla memoria del passato industriale
Authors: Zazzara Gilda
Published: April 2020

L'articolo esplora il rapporto tra deindustrializzazione e industrial heritage, mettendo in relazionealcune tendenze degli studi su questi temi. Nonostante Deindustrialization studies e(industrial) Heritage studies muovano da fasi distinte della storia dell'industria, i due ambitidi ricerca convergono sempre di più nella riflessione sul ruolo della memoria del passato industrialenel presente. Queste convergenze vengono calate nel contesto nazionale, tra storiadell'archeologia industriale e peculiarità della "deindustrializzazione italiana", argomentandoil ruolo importante che la storia, e in particolare la storia ambientale e del lavoro, può svolgerein questo dialogo. L'ultima parte si concentra sulla zona industriale di Porto Marghera,analizzando alcune iniziative realizzate in occasione del suo recente centenario. L'ipotesiè che si tratti di un caso di "deindustrializzazione senza industrial heritage" e di "industrialheritage senza memoria della deindustrializzazione", ciò che rende difficile tanto un'elaborazionepartecipata del passato industriale, quanto un'idea condivisa del futuro dell'area.
Strategi Penanaman Nilai-Nilai Antikorupsi di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Mustofa  , Akhwani
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana strategi penanaman nilai-nilai antikorupsi di sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode fenomenologi. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan snowball sampling dengan key information yaitu kepala sekolah, guru, Pembina pramuka, Pembina ekstrakulikuler serta siswa. Hasil dari penelitian ini menujukkan bahwa dalam menanamkan nilai-nilai antikorupsi menggunakan tiga cara yaitu pengintegrasian melalui mata pelajaran yang ada di sekolah, pembiasaan pada keseharian siswa serta melalui keteladanan yang diberikan oleh guru. Upaya yang holistik ini diharapkan mampu secara efektif dalam menanamkan nilai-nilai antikorupsi pada siswa sekolah dasar.
Hydraulic Model Calibration and Performance Assessment of Pressure Managed Areas with Multiple Inlets
Authors: Bibok Attila , Fülöp Roland
Published: April 2020

Pressure management is a widely adopted technique in the toolset of drinking water distribution system operators. It has multiple benefits, like reducing physical losses in pipe networks with excessive leakage, prolong the expected lifetime of the pipes and protecting home appliances from unacceptably high pressure. In some cases, even legislation compliance can be the motivation behind pressure management: It is mandatory to supply water at the customer’s connection between 1.5 and 6.0 bar in Hungary since 2011. Diaphragm pressure reducing valves are widespread in the drinking water distribution networks. Although, their sensitivity for gas pocket accumulation in the valve house makes hydraulic calibration of these pressure managed areas a challenging task for hydraulic modelers and network operators. This is especially true when more than one inlet is used to supply the same area in order to increase resilience and flow capacity.This paper investigates the hydraulic properties of pressure reduced areas with multiple inlet points. Model calibration using a single valve and minor loss was found insufficient because the additional pressure loss referenced to the pressure setting has a non-quadratic relationship with flow-rate on the discharge side under real-life circumstances. This phenomenon can be handled by using a PRV (pressure reducing valve) + GPV (general purpose valve) in series.
Responding to a Cardiac Arrest: Keeping Paramedics Safe during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Whitfield Steve , MacQuarrie Alexander , Boyle Malcolm
Published: April 2020

This commentary aims to provide an overview of the current state and territory ambulance service cardiac arrest management recommendations to paramedics during the COVID-19 pandemic and highlight relevant risks to personnel.
Genetic variation in twenty Philippine traditional rice varieties
Authors: Cantila AY , Quitel AJR
Published: April 2020

The study of genetic variation (GV) in 20 Philippine traditional rice varieties (TRVs) were determined in grain morphology such as length (Gl), width (Gwd), and weight (Gwt), grain yield (Gy), and grain micronutrients such as copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn). Analysis of variance obtained highly significant GV among TRVs in all traits. The mean for Gl, Gwd, Gwt, Gy, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn contents was 8.56mm, 2.8mm, 20.01g, 2.13t/ha, 8.64ppm, 14.56ppm, 20.79ppm, and 30.26ppm, respectively. The micronutrients in TRVs followed an order as Zn > Mn > Fe > Cu. For the correlation in traits, 11 pairs were significantly correlated; however, only Mn and Zn content in grains was positively and strongly correlated. Other significant pairs were either in positive or negative and moderately correlated. Cluster analysis, on the other hand, revealed five clusters and showed distinct TRV in two clusters. In conclusion, the presence of higher grain micronutrient content in TRVs indicatesa better opportunity for breeders to determine parental genetic resource in breeding rice with high grain micronutrients.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.55(1), 35-42, 2020
Incidence of Salmonella and Escherichia coli in fish farms and markets in Dinajpur, Bangladesh
Authors: Ava A , Faridullah M , Lithi UJ , Roy VC
Published: April 2020

The research work was conducted to assess the incidence of Salmonella and Escherichia coli (E. coli) contamination in different fish farms and fish markets of Dinajpur district of Bangladesh. The level of incidence of Salmonella contamination was greater in scum samples (93.8%) and for E. coli the higher contamination found in water samples (81.3%). The study showed that, water and fish samples were also Salmonella positive and the percentage was 87.5% and 57.8% respectively and for E. coli contamination about 75% of scum and 75.6% of fish samples were E. coli positive among fish farms samples. In case of market, both basket and fish sample were tested Salmonella positive, the level of incidence of Salmonella contamination was higher for basket samples (100%) and lower in fish samples (48.9%). Meanwhile, E. coli contamination for fish, basket, and mat samples were 75.6%, 68.8% and 75% respectively. Therefore, the results are very much alarming.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.55(1), 65-72, 2020
Виключна правова проблема та необхідність розвитку права: загальнотеоретичний аналіз
Authors: КОСОВИЧ ВІТАЛІЙ
Published: April 2020

В останні роки новелізація вітчизняних процесуальних кодексів у призмі верховенства права проявляється й у нормативному закріпленні нових юридичних конструкцій, покликаних створити передумови для максимального забезпечення прав та інтересів суб’єкта права у конкретних правовідносинах. Такі конструкції, як “виключна правова проблема” та “необхідність розвитку права”, встановлюють можливість перегляду Великою Палатою Верховного Суду справ, розглянутих касаційними судами у складі Верховного Суду. Незважаючи на явну позитивну значущість для судового правозахисту, ці законодавчі формулювання створюють передумови для широкого судового угляду, що становить загрозу надмірного суб’єктивізму. Тому для досягнення єдності та сталості судової практики застосування зазначених нормативних правоположень актуальною стає їхня загальнотеоретична характеристика.

Метою статті є з’ясування змісту понять “виключна правова проблема” та “необхідність розвитку права”, аналіз практики їх застосування, визначення виключної правової проблеми та необхідності розвитку права, виокремлення ознак, встановлення зв’язку між цими конструкціями, напрацювання пропозицій щодо меж судового угляду при їх застосуванні.

За результатами дослідження встановлено, що виключна правова проблема – це зумовлена недоліками юридичних норм, їхнім абстрактним та оціночним характером, відсутністю нормативно визначених форм і способів подолання можливість неуніфікованого судового застосування однакових юридичних норм до тотожних суспільних відносин. Наявність виключної правової проблеми у процесі правозастосування слугує об’єктивним підґрунтям для констатації “необхідності розвитку права”. Однак розвиток права не може бути процесом створення нової норми, це лише діяльність, спрямована на її конкретизацію та певне уточнення. Розвиток права як форма судової правотворчості (у континентальній правовій системі, до слова, це не є функцією судової гілки влади) може проявлятися радше як спосіб подолання недоліків чинного законодавства та його неформалізованості через судове правозастосування. Ще одна перспективна форма судового розвитку права – це його тлумачення.

Задля досягнення уніфікованості судової практики при застосуванні юридичних конструкцій “виключна правова проблема” та “необхідність розвитку права” запропоновано виробити низку рекомендацій стосовно їх розуміння та правил використання. Також важливо, щоб судові інстанції у своїх ухвалах мотивували (аргументували) першопричини та форми прояву виключної правової проблеми й необхідності розвитку права.
Variation in dive behavior of Cuvier’s beaked whales with seafloor depth, time-of-day, and lunar illumination
Authors: Barlow J , Schorr GS , Falcone EA , Moretti D
Published: April 2020

Depth distributions were analyzed from a study of 19 Cuvier’s beaked whalesZiphius cavirostristhat were tagged with satellite transmitting instruments off southern California, USA. Over 113000 depth measurements were made over the equivalent of ~200 sampling days. The mean foraging depth was 1182 m (SD = 305 m), and the mean of the maximum depth of all foraging dives was 1427 m (SD = 298 m). Mean foraging depths increased with seafloor depths up to a maximum of ~1300 m at a seafloor depth of 1900 m, but decreased slightly to a mean of ~1200 m at seafloor depths of 2000-4000 m. Near-bottom habitat appears to be important for foraging; whales spent ~30% of their foraging time within 200 m of the bottom at seafloor depths of 1000-2000 m. However, little foraging time was spent near the bottom at seafloor depths greater than 2000 m. The percentage of time spent at near-surface depths (<50 m) was more than twice as high at night (25%) than during the day (12%). Lunar light also appears to affect diving, with 28% of dark nights and only 17% of brightly moonlit nights spent at these near-surface depths. The apparent avoidance of surface waters during daytime and on brightly moonlit nights is consistent with avoidance of visual predators. A considerably greater fraction of time was spent foraging at night (24.8%) than during the day (15.7%), possibly due to energetic constraints imposed by predator avoidance during the day.
Thomas Kyd'sThe Householder's Philosophyand Cristoforo Landino'sComento sopra la Comedia di Dante
Authors: Lovascio Domenico
Published: April 2020

Thomas Kyd's The Householder's Philosophy (1588) is a translation of Torquato Tasso's Il padre di famiglia (1582). While translating Tasso's text, Kyd made some sizeable additions to it, which would appear to spell out his stance on a series of issues. In particular, Kyd significantly expands Tasso's discussion on usury. Kyd's take on usury can be divided into two sections: first, a fiery invective followed by a quotation from Dante; second, a less heated denunciation based on a rational argument summarizing Aristotle's take on the matter. While the former seems to be Kyd's own invention, as scholars have previously suggested, no one has ever pointed out that the latter is in fact plagiarized from another Italian text, namely Cristoforo Landino's Comento sopra la Comedia di Dante (1481). Among other reasons, this discovery seems especially interesting because it adds another piece to the patchy mosaic of Kyd's intellectual life. As it happens, Kyd's decision to insert elements from such an encyclopedically comprehensive humanist text of literary criticism as Landino's Comento into a philosophical tract imbued with humanist notions concerning society, the family, astrology, philosophy, and cosmography seems further to connect Kyd with the continental intellectual milieu. The latter thus appears to have caught Kyd's interest even beyond his well-known penchant for neo-Senecan drama and French Renaissance literature.
Tracking Campus Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Marsicano Christopher , Felten Kathleen , Toledo Luis , Buitendorp Madeline
Published: April 2020

American higher education institutions rapidly responded to the COVID-19 global pandemic. Between March 1st and April 4th, over 1,400 colleges and universities closed their doors and transitioned to online instruction. This paper uses a novel dataset and draws upon theories of institutional isomorphism to descriptively examine the trends in how higher education institutions responded to the Coronavirus pandemic. It finds little difference in institutional response based on campus infrastructure including, residence hall capacity, hospital affiliation, and medical degree offerings. There is some suggestive evidence, however, that institutions may have responded to external coercive isomorphic pressures from state governments and may have relied on a heuristic of peer institution closures to inform their decisions.
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of the Design of a Piezoelectric De-Icing System for Small Rotorcraft Part 2/3: Investigation of Transient Vibration during Frequency Sweeps and Optimal Piezoelectric Actuator Excitation
Authors: Villeneuve Eric , Volat Christophe , Ghinet Sebastian
Published: April 2020

The objective of this research project is divided in four parts: (1) to design a piezoelectric actuator based de-icing system integrated to a flat plate experimental setup, develop a numerical model of the system and validate experimentally; (2) use the experimental setup to investigate actuator activation with frequency sweeps and transient vibration analysis; (3) add an ice layer to the numerical model, predict numerically stresses at ice breaking and validate experimentally; and (4) implement the concept to a blade structure for wind tunnel testing. This paper presents the second objective of this study, in which the experimental setup designed in the first phase of the project is used to study transient vibration occurring during frequency sweeps. Acceleration during different frequency sweeps was measured with an accelerometer on the flat plate setup. The results obtained showed that the vibration pattern was the same for the different sweep rate (in Hz/s) tested for a same sweep range. However, the amplitude of each resonant mode increased with a sweep rate decrease. Investigation of frequency sweeps performed around different resonant modes showed that as the frequency sweep rate tends towards zero, the amplitude of the mode tends toward the steady-state excitation amplitude value. Since no other transient effects were observed, this signifies that steady-state activation is the optimal excitation for a resonant mode. To validate this hypothesis, the flat plate was installed in a cold room where ice layers were accumulated. Frequency sweeps at high voltage were performed and a camera was used to record multiple pictures per second to determine the frequencies where breaking of the ice occur. Consequently, the resonant frequencies were determined from the transfer functions measured with the accelerometer versus the signal of excitation. Additional tests were performed in steady-state activation at those frequencies and the same breaking of the ice layer was obtained, resulting in the first ice breaking obtained in steady-state activation conditions as part of this research project. These results confirmed the conclusions obtained following the transient vibration investigation, but also demonstrated the drawbacks of steady-state activation, namely identifying resonant modes susceptible of creating ice breaking and locating with precision the frequencies of the modes, which change as the ice accumulates on the structure. Results also show that frequency sweeps, if designed properly, can be used as substitute to steady-state activation for the same results.
Beneficial Effects of Melatonin in the Ovarian Transport Medium on In Vitro Embryo Production of Iberian Red Deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus)
Authors: Sánchez-Ajofrín Irene , Iniesta-Cuerda María , Peris-Frau Patricia , Martín-Maestro Alicia , Medina-Chávez Daniela-Alejandra , Maside Carolina , Fernández-Santos María Rocío , Ortiz José Antonio , Montoro Vidal , Garde José Julián , Soler Ana Josefa
Published: April 2020

A major limiting factor for the development of in vitro embryo production (IVP) in wild species, such as Iberian red deer, compared to livestock animals is the poor availability and limited access to biological material. Thus, the use of post-mortem ovaries from slaughtered animals represent a source of oocytes for the large scale production of embryos needed for research and to improve the efficiency of IVP. However, these oocytes are not as developmentally competent as their in vivo counterparts. Moreover, oocytes are usually obtained from ovaries that have been transported for long distances, which may also affect their quality. In order to overcome the issues associated with prolonged storage times of post-mortem material, in this study we examined the effect of melatonin supplementation to the ovary transport medium on oocyte quality, embryo yield, and blastocyst quality in Iberian red deer. When necessary, sheep was used as an experimental model due to the large number of samples required for analysis of oocyte quality parameters. Oocytes were in vitro matured and assessed for early apoptosis; DNA fragmentation; reactive oxygen species (ROS); reduced glutathione (GSH) content, mitochondrial membrane potential, and distribution; and relative abundance of mRNA transcript levels. After in vitro fertilization, embryo rates and blastocyst quality were also investigated. The results revealed that melatonin treatment significantly increased intracellular level of GSH in sheep oocytes. Moreover, the percentage of cleavage and blastocyst yield in red deer was greater compared to the Control group and there was lower abundance of oxidative stress- and apoptosis-related SHC1, TP53, and AKR1B1 mRNA transcripts in blastocysts for the Melatonin group. In conclusion, the supplementation of melatonin to the ovary storage medium had a positive effect on the developmental competence and quality of resulting blastocysts in Iberian red deer.