bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CYP1A2 Genotype Polymorphism Influences the Effect of Caffeine on Anaerobic Performance in Trained Males
Authors: Minaei Shahin , Rahimi Mohammad Rahman , Mohammadi Hemn , Jourkesh Morteza , Kreider Richard B. , Forbes Scott C. , Souza-Junior Tacito P. , McAnulty Steven R. , Kalman Douglas
Published: October 2021

The purpose was to investigate the effects of CYP1A2 −163C > A polymorphism on the effects of acute caffeine (CAF) supplementation on anaerobic power in trained males. Sixteen trained males (age: 21.6 ± 7.1 years; height: 179.7 ± 5.6 cm; body mass: 72.15 ± 6.8 kg) participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo (PLA) controlled crossover design. Participants supplemented with CAF (6 mg/kg of body mass) and an isovolumetric PLA (maltodextrin) in random order and separated by 7 days, before an all-out 30-s anaerobic cycling test to determine peak, average, and minimum power output, and fatigue index. Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted to identify each participants CYP1A2 genotype. Six participants expressed AA homozygote and 10 expressed C alleles. There was a treatment by genotype interaction for peak power output (p = .041, η2 = .265, observed power = 0.552) with only those expressing AA genotype showing improvement following CAF supplementation compared with PLA (CAF: 693 ± 108 watts vs. PLA: 655 ± 97 watts; p = .039), while no difference between treatments was noted in those expressing C alleles (CAF: 614 ± 92 watts vs. PLA: 659 ± 144 watts; p = .135). There were no other interaction or main effects for average or minimum power output, or fatigue index (p > .05). In conclusion, the ingestion of 6 mg/kg of CAF improved peak power output only in participants with the AA genotype compared with PLA; however, expression of the CYP1A2 did not influence average or minimum power output or fatigue index.
Effects of Increased Load of Low- Versus High-Intensity Endurance Training on Performance and Physiological Adaptations in Endurance Athletes
Authors: Talsnes Rune K. , van den Tillaar Roland , Sandbakk Øyvind
Published: October 2021

Purpose: To compare the effects of increased load of low- versus high-intensity endurance training on performance and physiological adaptations in well-trained endurance athletes. Methods: Following an 8-week preintervention period, 51 (36 men and 15 women) junior cross-country skiers and biathletes were randomly allocated into a low-intensity (LIG, n = 26) or high-intensity training group (HIG, n = 25) for an 8-week intervention period, load balanced using the overall training impulse score. Both groups performed an uphill running time trial and were assessed for laboratory performance and physiological profiling in treadmill running and roller-ski skating preintervention and postintervention. Results: Preintervention to postintervention changes in running time trial did not differ between groups (P = .44), with significant improvements in HIG (−2.3% [3.2%], P = .01) but not in LIG (−1.5% [2.9%], P = .20). There were no differences between groups in peak speed changes when incremental running and roller-ski skating to exhaustion (P = .30 and P = .20, respectively), with both modes being significantly improved in HIG (2.2% [3.1%] and 2.5% [3.4%], both P < .01) and in roller-ski skating for LIG (1.5% [2.4%], P < .01). There was a between-group difference in running maximal oxygen uptake changes (P = .04), tending to improve in HIG (3.0% [6.4%], P = .09) but not in LIG (−0.7% [4.6%], P = .25). Changes in roller-ski skating peak oxygen uptake differed between groups (P = .02), with significant improvements in HIG (3.6% [5.4%], P = .01) but not in LIG (−0.1% [0.17%], P = .62). Conclusion: There was no significant difference in performance adaptations between increased load of low- versus high-intensity training in well-trained endurance athletes, although both methods improved performance. However, increased load of high-intensity training elicited better maximal oxygen uptake adaptations compared to increased load of low-intensity training.
Relationship Between External and Internal Load Measures in Youth Beach Handball
Authors: Iannaccone Alice , Fusco Andrea , Skarbalius Antanas , Kniubaite Audinga , Cortis Cristina , Conte Daniele
Published: October 2021

Purpose: Assessing the relationship between external load (EL) and internal load (IL) in youth male beach handball players. Methods: A total of 11 field players from the Lithuanian U17 beach handball team were monitored across 14 training sessions and 7 matches. The following EL variables were assessed by means of inertial movement units: PlayerLoad™, accelerations, decelerations, changes of direction, and jumps and total of inertial movements. IL was assessed objectively and subjectively using the summated heart rate zones and training load calculated via session rating of perceived exertion, respectively. Spearman correlations (ρ) were used to assess the relationship between EL and IL. The interindividual variability was investigated using linear mixed models with random intercepts with IL as dependent variable, PlayerLoad™ as the independent variable, and players as random effect. Results: The lowest significant (P < .05) relationship was for high jumps with objective (ρ = .56) and subjective (ρ = .49) IL. The strongest relationship was for PlayerLoad™ with objective (ρ = .9) and subjective (ρ = .84) IL. From the linear mixed model, the estimated SD of the random intercepts was 19.78 arbitrary units (95% confidence interval, 11.75–33.31); SE = 5.26, and R2 = .47 for the objective IL and 6.03 arbitrary units (95% confidence interval, 0.00–7330.6); SE = 21.87; and R2 = .71 for the subjective IL. Conclusions: Objective and subjective IL measures can be used as a monitoring tool when EL monitoring is not possible. Coaches can predict IL based on a given EL by using the equations proposed in this study.
Social Interaction and Physical Activity Among Rural Older Adults: A Scoping Review
Authors: Schmidt Laurie L. , Johnson Shanthi , Rebecca Genoe M. , Jeffery Bonnie , Crawford Jennifer
Published: October 2021

Social interaction and physical activity are critical components in supporting health among older adults, yet rates of activity are low in rural communities. There is significant merit in exploring the relationship between these interrelated concepts. A scoping review was conducted to synthesize existing literature. Search results identified 26 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Findings indicated that social interaction and physical activity were important for many older adults to maintain health; however, not all older adults preferred the social aspect of group-based exercise. Opportunities for physical activity and social interaction were limited based on geographical location and other socioeconomic factors. This was evident in rural communities where populations were lower and education and income levels varied. Differences on the defining role and meaning of physical activity also emerged. Increasing physical activity and social interaction must account for negative associations to address the lower rates of participation among rural older adults.
Measuring Learning and Promoting Academic Integrity in Online Instruction
Authors: Knudson Duane , Bopp Melissa
Published: October 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic shifted kinesiology courses into more hybrid and online delivery, creating new challenges and opportunities for evaluating learning and online testing. Research using the Biomechanics Concept Inventory indicates that both high-tech and low-tech active learning experiences implemented in hybrid and online formats in biomechanics courses improve student learning above levels for lecture alone. However, online pre- and posttesting using concept inventories or major exams are vulnerable to cheating. Experience and research on proctoring online testing indicate only partial success in detecting cheating absent substantial faculty commitment to investigate suspicious behavior. These difficulties with online testing provide an opportunity for kinesiology faculty to implement more authentic, holistic assessments that are less vulnerable to violations of academic integrity. The importance of well-designed, rigorous assessment methods that uphold academic integrity standards will continue to evolve as kinesiology departments expand online learning.
Spindle Dynamics during Meiotic Development of the Fungus Podospora anserina Requires the Endoplasmic Reticulum-Shaping Protein RTN1
Authors: López-Fuentes Antonio de Jesús , Nachón-Garduño Karime Naid , Suaste-Olmos Fernando , Mendieta-Romero Ariadna , Peraza-Reyes Leonardo
Published: October 2021

Meiosis consists of a reductional cell division, which allows ploidy maintenance during sexual reproduction and which provides the potential for genetic recombination, producing genetic variation. Meiosis constitutes a process of foremost importance for eukaryotic evolution.
Metabolomic Analysis of Diverse Mice Reveals Hepatic Arginase-1 as Source of Plasma Arginase in Plasmodium chabaudi Infection
Authors: Davis Nicole M. , Lissner Michelle M. , Richards Crystal L. , Chevée Victoria , Gupta Avni S. , Gherardini Frank C. , Schneider David S.
Published: October 2021

Malaria is a severe and sometimes fatal infectious disease endemic to tropical and subtropical regions. Effective vaccines against malaria-causing
Plasmodium
parasites remain elusive, and malaria treatments often fail to prevent severe disease.
Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern Harboring Q677H
Authors: Zeng Cong , Evans John P. , Faraone Julia N. , Qu Panke , Zheng Yi-Min , Saif Linda , Oltz Eugene M. , Lozanski Gerard , Gumina Richard J. , Liu Shan-Lu
Published: October 2021

SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, is rapidly evolving to be more transmissible and to evade acquired immunity. To date, most investigations of SARS-CoV-2 variants have focused on RBD mutations.
A Myosin Light Chain Is Critical for Fungal Growth Robustness in Candida albicans
Authors: Puerner Charles , Serrano Antonio , Wakade Rohan S. , Bassilana Martine , Arkowitz Robert A.
Published: October 2021

Hyphal tip growth is critical in a range of fungal pathogens, in particular for invasion into animal and plant tissues. In
Candida albicans
, as in many filamentous fungi, a cluster of vesicles, called a Spitzenkörper, is observed at the tip of growing hyphae that is thought to function as a vesicle supply center.
An Intracellular Sensing and Signal Transduction System That Regulates the Metabolism of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Bacteria
Authors: Wang Wanpeng , Shao Zongze
Published: October 2021

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widely distributed and have been found indoors, in the atmosphere, in terrestrial soils, in marine waters and sediments, and even in outer space. Bacteria may degrade PAHs via degradation pathways.
U-Pb speleothem geochronology reveals a major 6 Ma uplift phase along the western margin of Dead Sea Transform
Authors: Chaldekas O. , Vaks A. , Haviv I. , Gerdes A. , Albert R.
Published: October 2021

The timing of vertical motions adjacent to the Dead Sea Transform plate boundary is not yet firmly established. We utilize laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb geochronology of carbonate cave deposits (speleothems) to constrain paleo-groundwater levels along the western margin of the Dead Sea Transform and provide a proxy for the timing of large-scale incision and tectonic uplift. Phreatic speleothems can form in caves that are located slightly below the groundwater level. Tectonic uplift and/or base level subsidence can trigger incision of canyons and induce a drop in the groundwater table. This can cause dewatering of the caves, cessation of the deposition of phreatic speleothems, and initiation of growth of vadose speleothems. The transition between deposition of phreatic and vadose speleothems can therefore reflect tectonic or erosive events.

We obtained 102 U-Pb ages from 32 speleothems collected from three cave complexes across a 150-km-long, north-to-south transect. These ages indicate that phreatic deposition began between 14.68 ± 1.33 and 11.34 ± 1.62 and ended by 6.21 ± 0.59 Ma. Later, vadose speleothems grew intermittently until the Quaternary. These results suggest an abrupt drop in the water table starting at ca. 6 Ma with no re-submergence of the caves. We interpret this to indicate river incision of ~150–200 m that was driven by uplift and folding of the western margin of the Dead Sea Transform and by inland morpho-tectonic, base-level subsidence in the Dead Sea area. The observed timing corresponds with a change in the Euler pole of the plates motion along the Dead Sea Transform. The growth period of phreatic speleothems suggests groundwater level stability and limited vertical tectonic motions between 14 Ma and 6 Ma.
Concurrent MORB-type and ultrapotassic volcanism in an extensional basin along the Laurentian Iapetus margin: Tectonomagmatic response to Ordovician arc-continent collision and subduction polarity flip
Authors: Gasser Deta , Grenne Tor , Corfu Fernando , Bøe Reidulv , Røhr Torkil S. , Slagstad Trond
Published: October 2021

Arc-continent collision, followed by subduction polarity flip, occurs during closure of oceanic basins and contributes to the growth of continental crust. Such a setting may lead to a highly unusual association of ultrapotassic and mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB)-type volcanic rocks as documented here from an Ordovician succession of the Scandinavian Caledonides. Interbedded with deep-marine turbidites, pillow basalts evolve from depleted-MORB (εNdt 9.4) to enriched-MORB (εNdt 4.8) stratigraphically upward, reflecting increasingly deeper melting of asthenospheric mantle. Intercalated intermediate to felsic lava and pyroclastic units, dated at ca. 474−469 Ma, are extremely enriched in incompatible trace elements (e.g., Th) and have low εNdt (−8.0 to −6.6) and high Sri (0.7089−0.7175). These are interpreted as ultrapotassic magmas derived from lithospheric mantle domains metasomatized by late Paleoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic crust-derived material (isotopic model ages 1.7−1.3 Ga). Detrital zircon spectra reveal a composite source for the interbedded turbidites, including Archean, Paleo-, to Neoproterozoic, and Cambro-Ordovician elements; clasts of Hølonda Porphyrite provide a link to the Hølonda terrane of Laurentian affinity. The entire volcano-sedimentary succession is interpreted to have formed in a rift basin that opened along the Laurentian margin as a result of slab rollback subsequent to arc-continent collision, ophiolite obduction and subduction polarity flip. The association of MORBs and ultrapotassic rocks is apparently a unique feature along the Caledonian-Appalachian orogen. Near-analogous modern settings include northern Taiwan and the Tyrrhenian region of the Mediterranean, but other examples of strictly concurrent MORB and ultrapotassic volcanism remain to be documented.
Supplemental Material: The rise and demise of deep accretionary wedges: A long-term field and numerical modeling perspective
Authors: Angiboust S. , al. et
Published: October 2021

Five videos of the numerical experiments.
Crystallization in Microgravity and the Atomic-Resolution Structure of Uridine Phosphorylase from Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Eistrikh-Heller P. A. , Rubinsky S. V. , Samygina V. R. , Gabdulkhakov A. G. , Kovalchuk M. V. , Mironov A. S. , Lashkov A. A.
Published: October 2021

Uridine phosphorylases are known as key targets for the development of new anticancer and antiparasitic agents. Crystals of uridine phosphorylase from the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio cholerae were grown in microgravity by the capillary counter-diffusion method on board of the International Space Station. The three-dimensional structure of this enzyme was determined at atomic (1.04 Å) resolution (RCSB PDB ID: 6Z9Z). Alternative conformations of long fragments (β-strands and adjacent loops) of the protein molecule were found for the first time in the three-dimensional structure of uridine phosphorylase in the absence of specific bound ligands. Apparently, these alternative conformations are related to the enzyme function. Conformational analysis with Markov state models demonstrated that conformational rearrangements can occur in the ligand-free state of the enzyme.
Study of GroEL Conformational Mobility by Cryo-Electron Microscopy and Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Panina I. S. , Mamchur A. A. , Yaroshevich I. A. , Zlenko D. V. , Pichkur E. B. , Kudryavtseva S. S. , Muronetz V. I. , Sokolova O. S. , Stanishneva-Konovalova T. B.
Published: October 2021

Bacterial chaperonin GroEL is a complex ring-shaped protein oligomer that promotes the folding of other proteins by encapsulating them in the cavity. There is very little structural information about the disordered C-terminal fragment of the GroEL subunits, which is involved in the folding of the substrate protein. A 3D reconstruction of the GroEL apo-form was obtained by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) with a resolution of 3.02 Å and supplemented by molecular dynamics (MD) calculations. The results of cryo-EM and MD are in good agreement and demonstrate a diverse mobility of the protein subunit domains. The MD results predict the dynamics and the network of intramolecular contacts of the C-terminal sections of the protein. These results are of great importance for the subsequent study of the mechanism of protein folding in the GroEL cavity.
On the Tactics of Ab Initio Search for the Shape of Protein Particles from Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering Data
Authors: Volkov V. V.
Published: October 2021

The determination of 3D particle shapes from the one-dimensional data on small-angle scattering from macromolecule solutions is ambiguous. In addition, due to the poor conditionality of the inverse problem, the determination is unstable and depends on the search algorithm parameters. Consequently, in practice, it is necessary not only to estimate the degree of stability of the solution of the problem but also to select the parameters of both the search method and the model itself. A search tactic is considered which consists in sequential determination of a set of models of particle shape represented in the form of a structure consisting of small close-packed spherical beads. The set of solutions is obtained by varying the relative contributions of objective function terms: the criterion for the deviation of the model scattering curve from the experimental one and the penalties for the looseness and discontinuity of the body structure, and the deviation of the average number of bead contacts from a specified value. Examples of the solution of model problems and the determination of molecular shape from the measurements available in the SASBDB bank of structures are presented.
Primary palliative care integrated model in paediatric ICU: an international cross-sectional study
Authors: Grunauer Michelle , Mikesell Caley , Bustamante Callejas Gabriela
Published: October 2021

Objectives

Numbers are rising of chronically and critically ill, technology-dependent children, who are admitted to paediatric intensive care units (PICUs). An integrated model of care (IMOC), that combines paediatric critical care and primary paediatric palliative care (PPC), in which either approach varies depending on the disease trajectory and is provided by the critical care team, might be a fundamental component of the best available standard of care for patients with life-threatening conditions. The objective of this study is to assess how PICUs around the world, implement an IMOC.

Methods

International multicentre cross-sectional observational study. Data was gathered from 34 PICUs from 18 countries in the Americas, Europe, Asia and Africa. Provision of primary PPC was studied for each child admitted at the PICU. We evaluated score differences in each domain of the Initiative for Paediatric Palliative Care (IPPC) curriculum with multilevel generalised linear models.

Results

High-income country (HIC) units made up 32.4% of the sample, upper-middle income countries (UMICs) 44.1%, lower-middle income/lower income countries (LMIC/LICs) 23.5%. HICs had four statistically significantly higher IPPC scores compared with UMICs (domains: 1 holistic care; 2 family support, 3B family involvement; 6B grief/bereavement healthcare provider support) and two compared with LMIC/LICs (domains: 6A grief/bereavement family support; 6B grief/bereavement healthcare provider support).

HICs had a statistically significant overall higher IPPC score than UMICs. Adjusting for patient/centre characteristics, shorter shifts and multiple comorbidities were associated with higher IPPC scores.

Conclusions

All centres offered some PPC provision and partially applied an IMOC. These results are encouraging, however, differences related to income and patients/unit evidence opportunities for improvement.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN12556149.
Complex advance care planning interventions for chronic serious illness: how do they work? a scoping review
Authors: Stevens Julie , Deliens Luc , Pype Peter , De Vleminck Aline , Pardon Koen
Published: October 2021

Context

Advance care planning (ACP) interventions have the potential to improve outcomes for patients with chronic serious illness. Yet the rationale for outcome choices and the mechanisms by which outcomes are achieved are not always clear.

Objectives

To identify and map proposed mechanisms on how complex ACP interventions can impact outcomes for patients with chronic serious illness and to explore factors that might explain intervention outcomes.

Methods

This is a scoping review of randomised controlled trials of complex ACP interventions for patients with chronic serious illness which explicitly stated the mechanism(s) by which the intervention was thought to work. We searched six databases and hand-searched key journals and reference lists.

Results

Inclusion yielded 16 articles. Inclusion procedures and mapping of mechanisms and outcomes indicated that causality between components and outcomes was not always clearly described. Tailoring intervention content to patients’ needs was linked to the greatest number of different outcome categories, while promoting competence and confidence to engage in ACP was most often explicitly linked to a primary outcome. Three main factors which might have affected intended outcomes were identified: participant characteristics, such as illness experience or cultural differences; the setting of implementation; or methodological limitations of the study.

Conclusion

Findings highlighted two main points of consideration for future ACP intervention studies: the need for clearly stated logic in how interventions are expected to impact primary outcomes and the importance of considering how an intervention may function for patients with chronic serious illnesses within a specific setting.
A non-inferiority study of the clinical effectiveness of anaesthesia obtained via application of a novel topical anaesthetic putty compared to infiltration of Lidocaine for the treatment of lacerations in the emergency department
Authors: Jenkins Mark
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Background

The standard treatment for lacerations in the Emergency Department is to use local anaesthetic to aid cleaning, analgesia and wound repair. The use of topical anaesthesia has not been widely accepted within clinical practice in the UK due to the lack of an appropriate delivery system. A new putty has been developed to deliver topical anaesthesia that can deliver lidocaine and then be removed intact from the wound in its entirety.

Aim

To assess the safety and efficacy of new topical Lidocaine putty in anaesthetising lacerations compared with standard Lidocaine injection. A secondary aim was to compare rates of wound infection and dehiscence between two groups.

Methods

A non-inferiority randomised controlled trial comparing the anaesthesia obtained following application of topical anaesthetic gel to a laceration for 20 min compared with that obtained 10–15 min after infiltration with 1% w/v Lidocaine into the wound edges. Pain scores were assessed for the wound repair using visual analogue scales. Follow-up information regarding wound infection, wound dehiscence and wound appearance was performed 7–10 days later.

Results

Sixty seven patients were recruited. Thirty four were in the Lidocaine gel group and 33 in the Lidocaine infiltration group. Pain scores were collected for both groups: the study group (range 0–7, mean 1.5) and control group (range 0–5, mean 1.1) showed no significant difference (p=0.29). Three patients in the control group required rescue anaesthesia and three patients in the study group required rescue anaesthesia. Two patients in the control group developed wound infection and one patient in the control group had wound dehiscence. In the study group two patients developed wound infection.

Conclusion

The use of a new topical anaesthetic putty is as effective for analgesia and wound repair as infiltration with 1% Lidocaine.
Developing the role of emergency physicians in humanitarian assistance and disaster response
Authors: Rahman Najeeb
Published: October 2021

Objective

To review and summarise information from Reliefweb (information website hosted by the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs) regarding medical response during the first 2 weeks following Pakistan Earthquake of 2005, and the Haiti Earthquake of 2010. This information, used in conjunction with personal experiences, will demonstrate the value that emergency physicians can contribute as part of a disaster response team during humanitarian aid efforts.

Methods

All situation reports authored by the WHO (who have lead responsibility in coordinating the health response during a disaster) which were published on Reliefweb during the first 2 weeks following the relevant earthquakes were selected. These reports were screened for information relating to numbers of deaths, injuries and illness, as well as number of non-governmental organisations (NGOs)/aid groups participating in efforts, in addition to operational health facilities and capacities.

Results

Summary of the reports demonstrate the rapid increase in patient numbers and NGO participation, as well as the challenges of coordination, communication, resourcing and planning, in addition to appropriate patient management. These findings help to outline the skills required to participate and respond to such crises, many of which constitute part of emergency medicine practice.

Conclusion

Volunteer participation by doctors during the first few weeks following such disasters continues. However, such participation occurs in an ad-hoc fashion, with many working through a variety of NGOs, but without appropriate coordination and relevant basic training.

The College of Emergency Medicine is well placed to support such efforts. This could initially be done by establishing a working group under the auspices of the College, whose role would be support the skills training of doctors wishing to volunteer, as well as work with other associations, colleges, NGOs and Government, so as to better respond to such disasters in the future, with a consolidated role for emergency physicians.
Can introduction of a compulsory burns protocol in paediatric emergency departments increase detection of NAI in preschool children?
Authors: Pasha Farooq
Published: October 2021

Objective

To assess whether use of a compulsory burns protocol in all preschool children attending a dedicated peadiatric emergency department with burns and scalds increases detection of non-accidental injury (NAI), improves case notes documentation and management of cases.

Methods

The case notes of all preschool children who attended the emergency department with burns and scalds over a 6 month period where reviewed against a basic predetermined standard in agreement with experienced child protection paediatricians. A similar prospective study was performed after introduction of a burns protocol for a similar period of time in the same paediatric emergency department.

Results

Both groups were similar in their demographic characteristics. Only 12% case notes were deemed satisfactory when compared against the basic standard. This increased to 92% after introduction of the burns proforma. The rate of referral for further investigation as NAI in burns increased from 0.9% to 6.8% which was statistically significant. Similarly a substantial improvement was seen in the quality of note keeping, consistency of history, checks with EDT/previous attendences, photograhic evidence, pain score documentation and appropriate use of analgesia.

Conclusion

Documentation of burns in preschool children with possibility of NAI in a busy paediatric emergency department can be improved by using a compulsory burns proforma along with a significant improvement in referrals to child protection team for further assessment.
The use of 320 slice coronary CT in low risk ACS clinical decision pathway in the ED
Authors: McNamara Aidan
Published: October 2021

Chest pain is an extremely common presentation to all Emergency Departments in the UK. Many Departments now run evidence-based pathways to exclude acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in low risk patients. Most current pathways rely on the use of biochemical markers for cardiac injury (Troponin I, Troponin T) and electrophysiological testing (stress ECG) with some Units using ST monitoring. Recent National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidance has suggested that stress ECG is not a useful tool and has advocated the use of cardiac CT and calcium scoring in the assessment and management of these patients. Previous published studies and the recent NICE guidance has been based on the premise of 64 slice cardiac CT being the utility employed. We report our experience using 320 slice cardiac CT in a low risk ACS pathway in an Emergency Department Clinical Decision Unit in a busy, urban Emergency Department.
Analysis of findingsTotal No26AgeMean = 50 years, range 29–71Gender female: male9 (35%): 17 (65%)TIMI-RS scores312211022Initial Troponin TAll negative (<0.01 ng/ml), including one = 0.02 ng/ml (TIMI score 3)12 h Troponin TAll negative (<0.01 ng/ml)Coronary CTA ResultsNormalTIMI score 3 (1)Both normalTIMI score 2 (2)Extensive three vessel diseaseTIMI score 1 (1)Three with significant stenosis (requiring CA intervention / further investigation)TIMI score 0 (22)One mild disease requiring further CA investigationOne normal CA, but incidental pulmonary cavitations referred to RespOne aberrant RCA, referred for Cardiology follow-up.16 normal

20 (77%) patients were discharged with no further investigation, 6 (23%) required further investigation. In four of these cardiac CT identified significant coronary artery disease despite a low TIMI-RS score and negative biochemical markers.

CA, coronary artery; CTA, CT angiography; RCA, right coronary artery; TIMI, thrombolysis in myocardial infarction risk score.

Data collection is on-going and data will be up-dated. Four of the patients had significant coronary artery disease (1 TIMI 1 and 3 TIMI 0) and one had mild disease requiring Cardiology referral for further evaluation (TIMI 0).
Entanglement entropy of asymptotically flat non-extremal and extremal black holes with an island
Authors: Kim Wontae , Nam Mungon
Published: October 2021

The island rule for the entanglement entropy is applied to an eternal Reissner–Nordström black hole. The key ingredient is that the black hole is assumed to be in thermal equilibrium with a heat bath of an arbitrary temperature and so the generalized entropy is treated as being off-shell. Taking the on-shell condition to the off-shell generalized entropy, we find the generalized entropy and then obtain the entanglement entropy following the island rule. For the non-extremal black hole, the entanglement entropy grows linearly in time and can be saturated after the Page time as expected. The entanglement entropy also has a well-defined Schwarzschild limit. In the extremal black hole, the island prescription provides a logarithmically growing entanglement entropy in time and a constant entanglement entropy after the Page time. In the extremal black hole, the boundary of the island hits the curvature singularity where the semi-classical approximations appear invalid. To avoid encountering the curvature singularity, we apply this procedure to the Hayward black hole regular at the origin. Consequently, the presence of the island in extremal black holes can provide a finite entanglement entropy, which might imply non-trivial vacuum configurations of extremal black holes.
Frobenius C∗-algebras and local adjunctions of C∗-correspondences
Authors: Crisp Tyrone
Published: October 2021

Generalizing the well-known correspondence between two-sided adjunctions and Frobenius algebras, we establish a one-to-one correspondence between local adjunctions of [Formula: see text]-correspondences, as defined and studied in prior work with Clare and Higson; and Frobenius [Formula: see text]-algebras, a natural [Formula: see text]-algebraic adaptation of the standard notion of Frobenius algebras that we introduce here.
Domain Adaptation for Person Re-Identification with Part Alignment and Progressive Pseudo-Labeling
Authors: Pereira Tiago de C. G. , de Campos Teofilo E.
Published: October 2021

With the recent technological advances, surveillance cameras became accessible to the general public and a huge amount of nonstructured data is being gathered. However, extracting value from this data is challenging, especially for tasks that involve human images, such as face recognition and person re-identification. Annotation of this kind of data is a challenging and expensive task. In this work, we propose a domain adaptation workflow to allow CNNs that were trained in one domain to be applied to another domain without the need for annotated target data. Our method uses AlignedReID++ as the baseline, trained using a Triplet loss with batch hard. Domain adaptation is done in an unsupervised manner by clustering unlabeled data to generate pseudo-labels in the target domain. Our results show that domain adaptation really improves the performance of the CNN when applied in the target domain.
Signature of magic numbers in light exotic nuclei
Authors: Karthika C. , Balasubramaniam M.
Published: October 2021

The advent of technology widened the study of shell closure for nuclei lying far away from the stability line. The classic shell closures are observed to be valid for nuclei near the stability line. The light exotic nuclei exhibit unique behavior compared to those of stable ones. The objective of this work is to study the shell closure in light nuclei near the neutron drip-line to the proton drip-line region. The systematics of two nucleon separation energy difference ([Formula: see text]) between calculated and experimental data are taken as a tool to study the shell closure of light nuclei. Nucleon separation energy is determined using the liquid drop model (LDM) expression with modified asymmetry and pairing energy terms. The light mass numbered isotopes and isotones as a function of even neutron and even proton numbers were considered for this work. The shell structure predicted by [Formula: see text] systematics is compared with the first excitation energy [Formula: see text]. The modified LDM is successful in identifying the shell structure properties of light nuclei in exotic region. The study supports the emergence of new shell closure and the disappearance of existing classic shell closure for both neutron and proton numbers. The shell structure predicted by [Formula: see text] systematics for isotopes (isotones) of magic nucleon number [Formula: see text] was in agreement with the results of [Formula: see text] analysis.
Non-Linear Impact of Chinese Treasury Bond Futures on the Information Content of IRS
Authors: Yang Wei , Ruan Qingsong , Yin Linsen
Published: October 2021

This paper investigates the impact of Chinese Treasury bond (CTB) futures on the information content of interest rate swap (IRS) from a multifractality perspective. We first use multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA) method and show that the swap rate and the CTB yield exhibit strong multifractality. In addition, employing multifractal detrended cross-correlation analysis (MF-DCCA) method, we find that cross-correlations between the swap rate and the CTB yield are multifractally persistent. Moreover, after the reintroduction of Treasury bond futures, the persistence of cross-correlation between the series is weaker. Our results indicate that the information content of IRS decreased after the re-launch of CTB futures.
The unitary subgroups of group algebras of a class of finite p-groups
Authors: Wang Yulei , Liu Heguo
Published: October 2021

Let p be a prime and let F be a finite field of characteristic p. Let FG denote the group algebra of the finite p-group G over the field F and let [Formula: see text] denote the group of normalized units in FG. The anti-automorphism [Formula: see text] of G extends linearly to an anti-automorphism [Formula: see text] of FG. An element [Formula: see text] is called unitary if [Formula: see text]. All unitary elements of [Formula: see text] form a subgroup which is denoted by [Formula: see text]. If p is odd, the order of [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]. However, to compute the order of [Formula: see text] still is open when [Formula: see text]. In this paper, the order of [Formula: see text] is computed when G is a nonabelian [Formula: see text]-group given by a central extension of the following form: [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. Further, a conjecture is confirmed, namely, the order of [Formula: see text] can be divided by [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text].
RADIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF KNEE JOINT WIDTH DIFFERENCES IN OLDER ADULTS WITH SYMPTOMATIC MEDIAL KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS
Authors: YOON SAMWON , CHA YOUNGJOO , YOON HYUNSIK , KIM KYOUNGTAE , PARK ILBONG , PARK CHANHEE
Published: October 2021

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative articular disease. The knee joint space width (JSW) is used for grading the severity of knee OA. However, there is a lack of research on differences in the widths of knee joints between both lower limbs in unilateral OA. The purpose of this research was to examine the radiological difference in the affected knee joint and contralateral knee joint by analyzing unilateral older adults with medial knee OA using both knees’ JSW differences. Twenty-five subjects with unilateral medial knee OA participated. X-ray radiographs were used to assess knee JSW, and the paired [Formula: see text]-test was performed to assess the knee joint gap width between the affected side and the unaffected side in the respective medial and lateral sides. The independent [Formula: see text]-test compared the differences between the lateral and medial knee JSWs on the affected side and unaffected side. The paired [Formula: see text]-test did not show a significant difference in the medial and lateral knee JSW on the affected side compared to the unaffected side ([Formula: see text]; 0.11). Meanwhile, the independent [Formula: see text]-test revealed a significant difference between the affected and unaffected sides ([Formula: see text]). This study showed no significant changes in affected knee JSWs compared to unaffected sides, but the difference between the lateral and medial JSWs was significant between the knees affected and unaffected by OA in the older adults with medial knee OA.
HYDROGEN EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF Zr0.9Ti0.1Cr0.6Fe1.4 ALLOY UNDER DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE AND LOADING CONDITIONS
Authors: SHIN MI YEON , KIM KYONG , YU MI , YU CHANG HO
Published: October 2021

The hydrogen emission characteristics of a hydrogen storage alloy operating system employing the Zr[Formula: see text]Ti[Formula: see text]Cr[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text] alloy were analyzed under different temperatures and loading conditions for application in a rehabilitation system for motion assistance for the aged and disabled. After activating 8.56[Formula: see text]g of a Zr[Formula: see text]Ti[Formula: see text]Cr[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text] alloy under a 5.5[Formula: see text]MPa hydrogen atmosphere, operation tests were conducted in the temperature range of 25–80∘C under the loading conditions of 5–45[Formula: see text]kg. The lightest load of 5[Formula: see text]kg was lifted by 150[Formula: see text]mm when the system was heated from the initial test temperature of 25–80∘C and a 40[Formula: see text]kg load was lifted by 12.5[Formula: see text]mm at 80∘C, while a 45[Formula: see text]kg load could not be lifted under any of the temperature conditions. The hydrogen storage alloy operating system developed in this study is expected to be useful in motion assistance for the socially underprivileged, as a rehabilitation tool for the hand, wrist, and elbow, as supplementary equipment, and in rehabilitation systems for daily life.
Relationship between Herd Behavior and Chinese Stock Market Fluctuations during a Bullish Period Based on Complex Networks
Authors: Shi Yong , Zheng Yuanchun , Guo Kun , Ren Xinyue
Published: October 2021

Herding has a great impact on stock market fluctuations, and it is possible for researchers to analyze the herding effect due to the recent popularity of mobile Internet and the development of big data analysis technology. In this paper, we propose both investor-based and stock-based sentiment propagation networks of Chinese stock markets based on the simple pairwise correlation of posts’ sentiment indexes. And the relationship between the herding effect and Chinese stock market fluctuations is studied by comparing the network indicators with the Shanghai Securities Composite Index (SSCI) and the Causeway International Value Index (CIVIX). Through the experimental results, we find that the indicators are indeed ahead of the Chinese stock market. This study is the first attempt to model stock market sentiment by using a complex network, and it proves that investor behavior has a great effect on the stock market.
On the fourth-order Leray–Lions problem with indefinite weight and nonstandard growth conditions
Authors: Kefi K. , Irzi N. , Al-Shomrani M. M. , Repovš D. D.
Published: October 2021

We prove the existence of at least three weak solutions for the fourth-order problem with indefinite weight involving the Leray–Lions operator with nonstandard growth conditions. The proof of our main result uses variational methods and the critical theorem of Bonanno and Marano [Appl. Anal. 89 (2010) 1–10].
Structural and electrochemical characterization of Li2O–V2O5–Fe2O3 amorphous cathode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Hao , Li Junfeng , Yin Yue , Wang Li , Zhang Peicong , Lai Xuefei , Yue Bo , Li Yanjun , Hu Xiaoyu , He Donglin
Published: October 2021

In order to explore novel vanadium-based amorphous materials, a series of Li2O–V2O5–Fe2O3 amorphous materials were prepared with the low-cost melting-quenching method in this report. As the main framework of amorphous materials, VO4 is connected with FeO4 and FeO6 to form a disordered network structure. 20Li2O–60V2O5–20Fe2O3 amorphous material had a stable structure and Li-ion migration channel. In the electrochemical performance test, the second cycle discharge capacity was 150.7 mAh/g at a current density of 100 mA/g and the capacity retention rate was still 80% after 100 cycles because the redox reaction between vanadium and iron ions promoted the electrochemical performance. Li2O–V2O5–Fe2O3 amorphous materials are promising lithium-ion battery cathode materials.
Hydrogen peroxide electrochemical sensor based on gold nanoparticles modified with nitrogen-doped and nanoperforated graphene nanozymes
Authors: Zhang Lin , Chen Fangfang , Ren Guangxing , Wang Zhangxu
Published: October 2021

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) modified with nitrogen-doped and nanoperforated graphene (DNPG) were successfully fabricated on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The composite showed excellent electrochemical response for hydrogen peroxide (H2O[Formula: see text] determination. Nitrogen-doped graphene has peroxidase-like activities. DNPG provided abundant surface area to support AuNPs, as well as ion transport shortcuts through the pores on DNPG sheets. DNPG and one-step electrode position of gold nanostructures can greatly improve conductivity and catalytic performance. The electroactive surface area of AuNPs/DNPG/GCE is almost 2.07 times higher than that of bare GCE. When AuNPs/DNPG/GCE were employed for non-enzymatic H2O2sensing, the modified electrode presented an ultrahigh sensitivity of 5.3678 × 10[Formula: see text] mA[Formula: see text]mol L[Formula: see text] cm[Formula: see text] in the range of 0.5–10 mmol L[Formula: see text], as well as excellent selectivity, reproducibility and stability. AuNPs/DNPG/GCE could serve as an electrochemical biosensor for the detection of disease biomarkers in clinical practice.
India in the Indo-Pacific: China, COVID-19 and the Reconfigured Regional Order
Authors: PANT HARSH V. , BASU PRATNASHREE
Published: October 2021

Comprising aspiring economies, significant reserves of social, human and natural capital, and witnessing the bulk of maritime trade, global as well as intra-region interests are inextricably tied to the Indo-Pacific. Since 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in exposing the fault lines in the Indo-Pacific which was already fraught with competing as well as cooperative geopolitical equations. In the context of regional and global actors being called upon to reign in the ensuing disruptions and establish alternate response mechanisms, this paper examines the geopolitical landscape of the Indo-Pacific and the evolution of India’s role as a key participant and contributor to regional dynamics. In doing do, the paper analyzes intra-region partnerships which have witnessed a steady expansion with New Delhi’s involvement. It also underscores the key responses and adaptations of countries in the region and how India’s engagement is poised to underwrite the same.
Adaptive Monitor Placement for Near Real-time Node Failure Localisation in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Bezerra Pamela , Chen Po-Yu , McCann Julie A. , Yu Weiren
Published: October 2021

As sensor-based networks become more prevalent, scaling to unmanageable numbers or deployed in difficult to reach areas, real-time failure localisation is becoming essential for continued operation. Network tomography, a system and application-independent approach, has been successful in localising complex failures (i.e., observable by end-to-end global analysis) in traditional networks.

Applying network tomography to wireless sensor networks (WSNs), however, is challenging. First, WSN topology changes due to environmental interactions (e.g., interference). Additionally, the selection of devices for running network monitoring processes (monitors) is an NP-hard problem. Monitors observe end-to-end in-network properties to identify failures, with their placement impacting the number of identifiable failures. Since monitoring consumes more in-node resources, it is essential to minimise their number while maintaining network tomography’s effectiveness. Unfortunately, state-of-the-art solutions solve this optimisation problem using time-consuming greedy heuristics.

In this article, we propose two solutions for efficiently applying Network Tomography in WSNs: a graph compression scheme, enabling faster monitor placement by reducing the number of edges in the network, and an adaptive monitor placement algorithm for recovering the monitor placement given topology changes. The experiments show that our solution is at least 1,000× faster than the state-of-the-art approaches and efficiently copes with topology variations in large-scale WSNs.