bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The curious case of COVID-19: Its murky origin, negligence and a botched international attempt for a cover-up
Authors: Dhar Ruby , Pethusamy Karthikeyan , Talukdar Joyeeta , Karmakar Abhibrato , Kumar Arun , Karmakar Subhradip
Published: July 2021

COVD-19 caused due to SARS-CoV2, family of Coronaviridae, the order Nidovirales, and the genus Coronavirus. A zoonotic spillover infection from bats to humans through some intermediate host was proposed to be responsible for its origin. This theory gained traction and raised no concern because our experience with other pathogenic viruses with humans in the past followed a similar trajectory. However, what caught the attention are few missing pieces of the jigsaw puzzle that seems to defy logic. A detailed investigation revealed a trail of deception, negligence, and blotched attempt of cover-up.
Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Aryal Shreeya , Pradhan Ameena , Shrestha Shilu , Shrestha Surendra Man
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Obesity is regarded as unnecessary body fat in ratio to lean body mass. Besides being an established risk factor for cardiovascular and other systemic diseases, obesity has been suggested to be a potential threat for periodontitis as well.

Objective: The objective of the study was to learn relationship between body mass index (BMI) and periodontal disease.

Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at People’s Dental College from February 16 to April 15, 2021 after ethical approval. Seventy-two participants were selected conveniently who, on the basis of calculation of weight and height were allocated into two groups: Group A: participants with normal BMI, Group B: Obese/ overweight individuals. Plaque index, gingival index, periodontal pocket, and clinical attachment loss were recorded in both the groups to assess the periodontal disease status. On basis of findings, the two groups were statistically compared.

Results: The result showed clinical attachment loss was significantly higher (P <0.001) in overweight/obese group than in normal BMI group (P =0 .001).

Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that obesity and overweight can be a possible predisposing factor for periodontal disease.
Evaluation of Serum C-Reactive Protein, Plasma Fibrinogen, and Blood Leukocytes in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Kafle Shristi , Shrestha Erika , Yadav Sanjay
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Periodontal health is crucial and indispensable element of general health. Epidemiologically, it has been linked with cardiovascular diseases with elevated acute phase reactant C-reactive protein, fibrinogen and rheological variables such as total leukocyte count and differential leukocyte counts, which are potential predictors of cardiovascular diseases.

Objective: To evaluate and compare cardiovascular disease-related biochemical markers in periodontally healthy subjects, and patients with moderate and severe chronic periodontitis.

Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in patients attending Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Chitwan Medical College and Teaching hospital, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal from September 2019 to January 2021. A total of 81 individuals of both gender of which 27 periodontally healthy individuals, 27 diagnosed with moderate and 27 diagnosed with severe periodontitis based on gingival index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level were enrolled in a study. After which, peripheral blood samples were drawn and serum C-reactive protein, plasma fibrinogen, total leukocyte count and differential leukocyte counts were quantified using the turbidimetric immunoassay. Convenience sampling technique was done. Data was analysed in SPSS v.26.0.

Results: The mean serum levels of C-reactive protein, plasma fibrinogen, total leukocyte and differential leukocytes were found to be statistically (P value <0.001) higher in severe and moderate periodontitis subjects compared to periodontally healthy subjects.

Conclusion: The increased levels of serum C-reactive protein, plasma fibrinogen, total leukocyte count, and differential leukocyte counts in chronic periodontitis contribute to the inflammatory burden of the individual potentially striking toward an increasing risk for cardiovascular events.
Pattern of Malocclusion in Patients undergoing Orthodontic Treatment at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: Giri Nidhi , Acharya Anand , Jha Rajkumar
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Malocclusion can cause dental caries, periodontal disease and aesthetic problems. Malocclusion is most common dentofacial abnormality found in human population. However, the awareness for orthodontic treatment is increasing.

Objective: The aim of this research was to evaluate pattern of malocclusion in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment at Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital of Biratnagar, Nepal.

Methods: Two hundred and eighty preoperative study casts (2018 Jun to 2020 Jun) of orthodontic patients aged from 12-55 years were selected from 680 patient’s records of department of orthodontics of Nobel medical college teaching hospital, Biratnagar. Standard protocol of Angle’s classification of malocclusion was used to classify malocclusion and its traits were recorded. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and descriptive statistics were calculated.

Results: The prevalence of malocclusion were 59.65% (167) of Angle’s class I, 35.71% (100) of Angle’s class II and 4.64% (13) of Angle’s class III malocclusion. Among various attributes of malocclusion, deep bite was the most common trait (188, 67.14%). Increased overjet was found in 169 (60.35%) subjects. Crowding and spacing were found in 164 (58.57%), and 109 (38.92%) respectively.

Conclusion: Angle’s class I malocclusion is most prevalent malocclusion seen followed by Angle’s class II and Angle’s class III.
Bicuspidisation: Two is Better than None - A Case Report
Authors: Ranjit Rebicca , Manandhar Pratik , Bista Soni
Published: July 2021

A periodontally compromised tooth with severe furcation involvement may as well be retained of their roots rather than its removal in toto. Bicuspidisation (Premolarisation) is a surgical technique of sectioning mandibular molar roots with their respective crown portions followed by rehabilitation with fixed prosthesis in the individual segments. This not only eliminates furcation involvement but also facilitates effective oral hygiene maintenance. The present case report demonstrates the successful management of grade III furcation involved mandibular molar by bicuspidisation followed by subsequent prosthodontic rehabilitation. It gives a better alternative to salvage a periodontally compromised tooth rather than opting for extraction.
Komunikacija i znanje roditelja o iskustvima svoje djece s problemima u ponašanju – razlike u procjeni roditelja i adolescenata
Authors: Maglica Toni
Published: July 2021

Roditeljsko znanje, uključenost u djetetove aktivnosti te obiteljska komunikacija drže se jednima od najsnažnijih obiteljskih zaštitnih čimbenika, posebice u adolescenciji kada je pojačano uključivanje u različite probleme u ponašanju. Doživljaji adolescenata i njihove procjene sebe, roditelja i okruženja, nerijetko se razlikuju od roditeljskih. Ovo istraživanje ima za cilj ispitati značajke komunikacije roditelja i adolescenata, roditeljska znanja o iskustvima svoje djece s problemima u ponašanju te utvrditi postoje li razlike u procjenama između roditelja i adolescenata. Istraživanje je provedeno na prigodnom uzorku od n = 447 adolescenata i n = 447 njihovih roditelja. Korištenim instrumentarijem ispitivalo se iskustvo adolescenata s problemima u ponašanju, procjena učestalosti komunikacije te razlozi koji obeshrabruju adolescente od razgovora s roditeljima. Iste upitnike popunjavali su adolescenti i njihovi roditelji. Rezultati su pokazali da roditelji podcjenjuju uključenost, odnosno iskustva svoje djece s problemima u ponašanju te, s druge strane, komunikaciju o tim problemima procjenjuju učestalijom nego adolescenti. Razlike u procjeni utvrđene su i kod razloga koji obeshrabruju za razgovor s roditeljima. Adolescenti u najvećoj mjeri kao razlog iskazuju strah od reakcije roditelja koji ih sprečava i obeshrabruje za razgovor s njima. Rezultati govore u prilog postojećim znanjima tog područja te mogu imati praktične implikacije u kreiranju prevencijskih intervencija.
Evolution of COVID-19 Disease Using a One Prey-Two Predator Mode
Authors: Sudu Ambegedara Amila , Konpola Asini A. , Gunasekara Chathurika S. , Udagedara Indika G.
Published: July 2021

Mathematical modeling is used to understand the dynamics of transmission of infectious diseases such as COVID-19, SARS, Ebola, and Dengue among populations. In this work, a one prey-two predator model has been developed to understand the underlying dynamics of COVID-19 disease transmission. We considered the infected, recovered, and death populations with the fact that an infected person can be transformed into the recovered or death group assuming that the infected ones are the prey, and the other two populations are the two predators in the one prey-two predator model. It was found that the proposed model has four equilibrium points; the vanishing equilibrium point ( ), recovered and death-free equilibrium point ( ), recovered population-free equilibrium point ( ), and the death-free equilibrium point ( ). Stability analysis of the equilibrium points shows that except all the other equilibrium points are locally asymptotically stable. Global asymptotic stability of the recovered population-free equilibrium point and death-free equilibrium point are also analyzed. Moreover, the existence and uniqueness of the solution were proved. The parameters for the model are estimated from a data set that consists of the total number of infected, recovered, and dead populations worldwide in the year 2020 using the Nelder-Mead optimization method. When the time approaches infinity, the infected population converges to a constant value, the recovered population declines and reaches zero, and the death population attains a constant value. However, some modifications to the system are needed. In future work, measures such as health precautions, vaccinations are needed to be considered for the formulation of the mathematical model.
Anthropological gleanings of the work of Martin Wickramasinghe
Authors: Abhayasundere P. N. , Wijayarathna W. K. M.
Published: July 2021

Martin Wickramasinghe is a prominent figure who contributed to various academic spheres in Sri Lanka. Many who define Martin Wickramasinghe only as a creative writer disregards the fact that he was an expert who contributed to a Sri Lankan approach in anthropology. This qualitative research paper analyzes the role of Wickramasinghe in emphasizing the anthropological paradigms in Sri Lankan society during his period. The main objective of this analysis is to provide a comprehensive insight about the impact and contribution of Martin Wickramasinghe’s work to develop anthropology as an academic discipline in Sri Lanka. For this research, we utilized his publications related to anthropology and culture and analyzed the content which underlined important anthropological characteristics. His ‘Sathwa Santhathiya’, ‘Sakaskada’, ‘Mānawa Vidyāwa Ha Sinhala Sanskruthiya’, ‘Buddhism and Culture’ are some renowned works that were applied for this study. Wickramasinghe read widely the works of Darwin, Spencer, Huxley as well as the ethnographies of scholars like Malinowski, Ruth Benedict. One of his major views was that Sri Lankan culture was undermined by the conflict with Western culture, and that Buddhism is one of the institutions that protected it from collapse and disappearance. He comparatively expressed his ideas about diffusionism, one of the significant ideas in cultural anthropology, as an ordinary process which takes place in every society. Wickramasinghe related the ideals of democracy, humanism, socialism, religion, and culture to the context of Sri Lanka. This research concludes that Wickramasinghe's interest in anthropology came at a time when anthropology was not popular in Sri Lanka. He has used his knowledge and ideology from records on anthropology to express critical views on the socio-cultural divisions of Sri Lanka, although he cannot be defined as an anthropologist.
INTEGRATION OF THE DOMESTIC SUGAR MARKET INTO GLOBAL VALUE ADDED CHAINS
Authors: BURKYNSKYI B.V. , ANTONYUK P.O.
Published: July 2021

Topicality. An important condition for the development of the sugar market, as one of the strategic markets of Ukraine, is integration into international economic structures. One of the ways to solve the problems of integration is to ensure the export of sugar by creating distribution and logistics centers. Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is to develop proposals on possible ways to promote the integration of the Ukrainian sugar market into global value added chains, which will transform the existing chain and improve the relationship between different actors and change the inefficient direction of material and financial flows. Research results. The article contains the results of the research devoted to the substantiation of economic interests of the subjects of LCSM and the peculiarities of their interaction. In the work on the example of the Ukrainian sugar market the peculiarities of the formation of structures of logistics chains, their general and different characteristics, inefficient links in the market chain have been identified. The existing structural construction of LCSM has been considered and diagnostics of efficiency of its functioning has been carried out. In the context of the integration of LCSM of Ukraine into the global sugar market, the expediency of its transformation by including a new link in the form of a distribution and logistics center (sugar terminal) has been substantiated. Conclusion. The transformed LCSM provides an opportunity to improve the relationship between the subjects of different links and change the inefficient direction of material and financial flows for a gradual transition to the movement of material flow through the distribution and logistics center. In the course of the research the organizational mechanism of LCSM integration has been offered taking into account the interests of internal and external chains of the global market.
Analysis of the facts of urbanization with forecasting the trend of urban population in Bangladesh: An application of ARIMA method
Authors: Ruma Alfarunnahar
Published: July 2021

There are some positive ramifications of urbanization, along these lines, which incorporate the employment opportunities, innovative and infrastructural progressions, enhanced transportation, and correspondence. The betterment of clinical services and educational facilities in urban areas increase the living standard. Urbanization has negative outcomes on wellbeing due essentially to contamination and packed everyday environments. The ARIMA methodology has been used to forecast urban populations (% of total) in Bangladesh up to 2030. ARIMA method considers time-series data from 1972 to 2019 to estimate the forecasting. The current study estimates an increasing trend of urban populations in Bangladesh over time. This study has contributed to creating awareness in the case of the changing urban population.
Measuring Pain Intensity in Elderly Patients
Authors: Nimmaanrat Sasikaan
Published: July 2021

Pain intensity is considered as the fifth vital sign. However, it is the only vital sign which is subjective, with there being many pain measurement tools for adults to rate their level of pain. Additionally, there is an increasing number of aging populations throughout the world, and pain measurement in this group of people is challenging as geriatrics have both physical and cognitive impairment.

The most frequently utilized pain measurement tools are; the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Verbal Rating Scale (VRS), Numerical Rating Scale (NRS); and faces scales [Faces Pain Scale (FPS) and Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R) are the faces scales studied most often] tend to be valid for measuring pain severity in cognitively intact elderly. When problems arise, the VAS is the pain measurement tool found to have more difficulties (including higher rates of failure) than the other tools. In elderly with cognitive deficits, fewer difficulties tend to occur as the tools become simpler, with the most valid and useful tools in the following order: the FPS/FPS-R, the VRS, the 0-10 NRS, and the VAS. Furthermore, simpler pain measurement tools tend to be favored over more complicated tools. Keywords: aging; elderly; geriatrics; older; pain measurement; pain measurement tools
Karakteristik dan kualitas semen sapi Sumba Ongole dalam pengencer BTS yang dimodifikasi dengan susu kedelai
Authors: Lodu Alphonsius Umbu Jara , Kaka Alexander , Sirappa Iven Patu
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to find out the quality of fresh semen from Sumba Ongole (SO) bulls which was diluted with Bestvile Thawing Solution (BTS) diluent modified with soybean milk (SKD). The study used a completely randomized design consisting of four treatments and 5 replications, P0 (100 % BTS), P1 (95 % BTS + 5 % SM), P2 (90 % BTS + 10 % SM), and P3 (85 % BTS + 15 % SM). The parameters observed were the colour, smell, consistency, pH, volume, motility, viability, and abnormalities of spermatozoa. The results showed that the characteristics were in the normal, creamy white semen colour, semen volume 3,6 ml, medium consistency, pH 6,3, typical SO bulls smell, sperm motility 85 %, mass activity +++, sperm concentration 1276 million/ml, live sperm 90,05 % and sperm abnormalities 6,15 % and quality there was no significant difference between the four treatments. The spermatozoa motility and viability in each treatment was able to which achieved on day 1. The characteristics of the spermatozoa of SO bulls were in the normal category. Meanwhile, BTS diluent with the addition of SKD was unable to maintain sperm quality.
Sphingosine-1-phosphate Receptor Subtype 1 Antagonists may be the Unmet Medical Need for Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Antinociceptive Tolerance
Authors: Brik Y.
Published: July 2021

Opioids such as morphine are frequently used for chronic pain management despite their many adverse effects. Ongoing research aims at either finding new treatments to replace opioids or reducing its heavy adverse effects due to long-term use: opioid-induced hyperalgesia and antinociceptive tolerance. In a recent study, Doyle et al. (2020) demonstrate that the activation of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor subtype 1 (S1PR1) in the central nervous system contributes to morphine-induced hyperalgesia and antinociceptive tolerance in a rodent model of chronic pain. By targeting S1PR1 with molecules with functional antagonistic properties (some of which are FDA-approved for multiple sclerosis treatment), hyperalgesia and tolerance were significantly reduced without modifying morphine pharmacokinetics or efficacy.
L’axe intestin–cerveau : les pistes actuelles
Authors: Piguet P.
Published: July 2021

L’intestin est un système complexe qui joue un rôle fondamental dans l’absorption et la distribution des nutriments nécessaires aux différents organes d’un organisme, comme par exemple le glucose pour le cerveau. Finement régulé par le système nerveux, le système digestif abrite également un acteur qui joue un rôle crucial : la flore intestinale — ancien terme désignant le « microbiote » — qui pèse autant que le cerveau lui-même. Comme le tractus gastrointestinal est également exposé à des risques d’invasion par des agents pathogènes, un quatrième intervenant joue un rôle clé : le système immunitaire. Ce dernier exerce une surveillance étroite du tractus gastro-intestinal et joue un rôle important dans les interactions entre l’intestin et le cerveau, pour le meilleur ou pour le pire…Qu’il s’agisse de l’intestin ou du cerveau, ces deux organes sont relativement isolés du reste du corps par des barrières dont le bon fonctionnement est vital, prémunissant l’organisme et sa commande centrale cérébrale de mécanismes infectieux qui pourraient lui être fatals. Et pourtant… Des voies les relient, qui participent au dialogue entre — mais aussi à la vulnérabilité de — ces différents protagonistes de différentes façons. Le paysage physiologique humain est donc un amalgame complexe de cellules humaines mais également de cellules bactériennes qui collaborent étroitement au contrôle de la santé humaine. Non seulement le microbiote est capable de digérer certains nutriments qui ne peuvent pas être dégradés par le tractus gastro-intestinal lui-même, mais un nombre croissant d’études scientifiques suggèrent un lien entre la fonction gastrointestinale et la fonction cérébrale — et par là même une association avec certaines maladies neurologiques et psychiatriques. Ainsi, on soupçonne que l’axe intestin–cerveau est impliqué dans un certain nombre de maladies psychiatriques ou neuro-immunes chez l’enfant et l’adulte. De plus, il a été suggéré que les troubles intestinaux constituent un « facteur de risque » pour le développement de troubles neurologiques. Enfin, et non des moindres, le stress régule la composition et l’activité de la flore intestinale, une propriété qui pourrait même affecter la santé psychiatrique à travers les générations. Le concept d’« axe intestin–cerveau » propose qu’il existe un dialogue constant entre l’intestin et le cerveau. Le microbiote peut aujourd’hui être considéré comme l’acteur majeur d’un écosystème au sein duquel la nature des échanges pourrait conditionner l’équilibre neurologique et psychiatrique de l’être humain.
Transcranial eddy current damping sensors for detection and imaging of hemorrhagic stroke: feasibility in benchtop experimentation
Authors: Shahrestani Shane , Strickland Ben A. , Bakhsheshian Joshua , Mack William J. , Toga Arthur W. , Sanossian Nerses , Tai Yu-Chong , Zada Gabriel
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage occurs in an estimated 10% of stroke patients, with high rates of associated mortality. Portable diagnostic technologies that can quickly and noninvasively detect hemorrhagic stroke may prevent unnecessary delay in patient care and help rapidly triage patients with ischemic versus hemorrhagic stroke. As such, the authors aimed to develop a rapid and portable eddy current damping (ECD) hemorrhagic stroke sensor for proposed in-field diagnosis of hemorrhagic stroke.

METHODS

A tricoil ECD sensor with microtesla-level magnetic field strengths was constructed. Sixteen gelatin brain models with identical electrical properties to live brain tissue were developed and placed within phantom skull replicas, and saline was diluted to the conductivity of blood and placed within the brain to simulate a hemorrhage. The ECD sensor was used to detect modeled hemorrhages on benchtop models. Data were saved and plotted as a filtered heatmap to represent the lesion location. The individuals performing the scanning were blinded to the bleed location, and sensors were tangentially rotated around the skull models to localize blood. Data were also used to create heatmap images using MATLAB software.

RESULTS

The sensor was portable (11.4-cm maximum diameter), compact, and cost roughly $100 to manufacture. Scanning time was 2.43 minutes, and heatmap images of the lesion were produced in near real time. The ECD sensor accurately predicted the location of a modeled hemorrhage in all (n = 16) benchtop experiments with excellent spatial resolution.

CONCLUSIONS

Benchtop experiments demonstrated the proof of concept of the ECD sensor for rapid transcranial hemorrhagic stroke diagnosis. Future studies with live human participants are warranted to fully establish the feasibility findings derived from this study.
A systematic review of next-generation point-of-care stroke diagnostic technologies
Authors: Shahrestani Shane , Wishart Danielle , Han Sung Min J. , Strickland Ben A. , Bakhsheshian Joshua , Mack William J. , Toga Arthur W. , Sanossian Nerses , Tai Yu-Chong , Zada Gabriel
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE

Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Current diagnostic modalities include CT and MRI. Over the last decade, novel technologies to facilitate stroke diagnosis, with the hope of shortening time to treatment and reducing rates of morbidity and mortality, have been developed. The authors conducted a systematic review to identify studies reporting on next-generation point-of-care stroke diagnostic technologies described within the last decade.

METHODS

A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines to identify studies reporting noninvasive stroke diagnostics. The QUADAS-2 (Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2) tool was utilized to assess risk of bias. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were utilized. Primary outcomes assessed included accuracy and timing compared with standard imaging, potential risks or complications, potential limitations, cost of the technology, size/portability, and range/size of detection.

RESULTS

Of the 2646 reviewed articles, 19 studies met the inclusion criteria and included the following modalities of noninvasive stoke detection: microwave technology (6 studies, 31.6%), electroencephalography (EEG; 4 studies, 21.1%), ultrasonography (3 studies, 15.8%), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS; 2 studies, 10.5%), portable MRI devices (2 studies, 10.5%), volumetric impedance phase-shift spectroscopy (VIPS; 1 study, 5.3%), and eddy current damping (1 study, 5.3%). Notable medical devices that accurately predicted stroke in this review were EEG-based diagnosis, with a maximum sensitivity of 91.7% for predicting a stroke, microwave-based diagnosis, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.88 for differentiating ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), ultrasound with an AUC of 0.92, VIPS with an AUC of 0.93, and portable MRI with a diagnostic accuracy similar to that of traditional MRI. NIRS offers significant potential for more superficially located hemorrhage but is limited in detecting deep-seated ICH (2.5-cm scanning depth).

CONCLUSIONS

As technology and computational resources have advanced, several novel point-of-care medical devices show promise in facilitating rapid stroke diagnosis, with the potential for improving time to treatment and informing prehospital stroke triage.
Decompressive craniectomy for internal carotid artery and middle carotid artery infarctions: a long-term comparative outcome study
Authors: Lim Jia Xu , Vedicherla Srujana Venkata , Chan Shu Kiat Sukit , Primalani Nishal Kishinchand , Tan Audrey J. L. , Saffari Seyed Ehsan , Lee Lester
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE

Malignant internal carotid artery (ICA) infarction is an entirely different disease entity when compared with middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction. Because of an increased area of infarction, it is assumed to have a poorer prognosis; however, this has never been adequately investigated. Decompressive craniectomy (DC) for malignant MCA infarction has been shown to improve mortality rates in several randomized controlled trials. Conversely, aggressive surgical decompression for ICA infarction has not been recommended. The authors sought to compare the functional outcomes and survival between patients with ICA infarctions and those with MCA infarctions after DC in the largest series to date to investigate this assumption.

METHODS

A multicenter retrospective review of 154 consecutive DCs for large territory cerebral infarctions performed from 2005 to 2020 were analyzed. Patients were divided into ICA and MCA groups depending on the territory of infarction. Variables, including age, sex, medical comorbidities, laterality of the infarction, preoperative neurological status, primary stroke treatment, and the time from stroke onset to DC, were recorded. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed for the clinical exposures for functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score) on discharge and at the 1- and 6-month follow-ups, and for mortality, both inpatient and at the 1-year follow-up. A favorable mRS score was defined as 0–2.

RESULTS

There were 67 patients (43.5%) and 87 patients (56.5%) in the ICA and MCA groups, respectively. Univariable analysis showed that the ICA group had a comparably favorable mRS (OR 0.15 [95% CI 0.18–1.21], p = 0.077). Inpatient mortality (OR 1.79 [95% CI 0.79–4.03], p = 0.16) and 1-year mortality (OR 2.07 [95% CI 0.98–4.37], p = 0.054) were comparable between the groups. After adjustment, a favorable mRS score at 6 months (OR 0.17 [95% CI 0.018–1.59], p = 0.12), inpatient mortality (OR 1.02 [95% CI 0.29–3.57], p = 0.97), and 1-year mortality (OR 0.94 [95% CI 0.41–2.69], p = 0.88) were similar in both groups. The overall survival, plotted using the Cox proportional hazard regression, did not show a significant difference between the ICA and MCA groups (HR 0.581).

CONCLUSIONS

Unlike previous smaller studies, this study found that patients with malignant ICA infarction had a functional outcome and survival that was similar to those with MCA infarction after DC. Therefore, DC can be offered for malignant ICA infarction for life-saving purposes with limited functional recovery.
Does stroke etiology influence outcome in the posterior circulation? An analysis of 107 consecutive acute basilar occlusion thrombectomies
Authors: Sefcik Roberta K. , Tonetti Daniel A. , Desai Shashvat M. , Casillo Stephanie M. , Lang Michael J. , Jadhav Ashutosh P. , Gross Bradley A.
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE

Acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) harbors a more guarded prognosis after thrombectomy compared with anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion. Whether this is a function of a greater proportion of atherosclerotic/intrinsic lesions is not well studied. The authors aimed to elucidate the prevalence and predictors of intracranial intrinsic atherosclerotic disease in patients with acute BAO and to compare angiographic and clinical outcomes between patients with BAO secondary to embolic versus intrinsic disease.

METHODS

A prospectively maintained stroke database was reviewed for all patients presenting between January 2013 and December 2019 to a tertiary care academic comprehensive stroke center with acute, nontandem BAO. Patient data were extracted, subdivided by stroke mechanism and treatment modality (embolic [thrombectomy only] and intrinsic [thrombectomy + stenting]), and angiographic and clinical results were compared.

RESULTS

Of 107 patients, 83 (78%) had embolic occlusions (thrombectomy only) and 24 (22%) had intrinsic disease (thrombectomy + stenting). There was no significant difference in patient age, presenting National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, time to presentation, selected medical comorbidities (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and atrial fibrillation), prior stroke, and posterior circulation Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score. Patients with intrinsic disease were more likely to be active smokers (50% vs 26%, p = 0.04) and more likely to be male (88% vs 48%, p = 0.001). Successful recanalization, defined as a modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) grade of 2b or 3, was achieved in 90% of patients and did not differ significantly between the embolic versus intrinsic groups (89% vs 92%, p > 0.99). A 90-day good outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score 0–2) was found in 37% of patients overall and did not differ significantly between the two groups (36% vs 41%, p = 0.41). Mortality was 40% overall and did not significantly differ between groups (41% vs 36%, p = 0.45).

CONCLUSIONS

In the current study, demographic and clinical results for acute BAO showed that compared with intrinsic disease, thromboembolic disease is a more common mechanism of acute BAO, with 78% of patients undergoing thrombectomy alone. However, there was no significant difference in revascularization and outcome results between patients with embolic disease and those with intrinsic disease.
Posterior interhemispheric occipital transtentorial approach for resection of a falcotentorial meningioma
Authors: Srinivasan Visish M. , Catapano Joshua S. , Sheehy John P. , Labib Mohamed A. , Lawton Michael T.
Published: July 2021

Falcotentorial meningiomas arise along the junction of the falx cerebri and the tentorium cerebelli. The authors present a woman in her 60s with an incidentally discovered falcotentorial meningioma, approximately 3 cm in diameter, resected with a torcular craniotomy and posterior interhemispheric approach. The galenic complex was dissected away from the tumor. In the final view, the bilateral internal cerebral veins and basal veins of Rosenthal were seen. A Simpson grade I resection was achieved. The patient experienced transient contralateral hemianopsia and was discharged home. At 1-year follow-up, her neurological examination findings were unremarkable, and there was no radiographic evidence of tumor.

The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2021.4.FOCVID2125.
Interhemispheric transcallosal transchoroidal approach to a pineal teratoma in a 15-year-old boy
Authors: Cinalli Giuseppe , Scala Maria Rosaria , Marini Alessandra , Imperato Alessia , Mirone Giuseppe , Spennato Pietro
Published: July 2021

In this video, the authors present an interhemispheric transcallosal transchoroidal approach to a pineal mass in a 15-year-old boy. He received emergency endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), then an endoscopic biopsy that revealed an immature teratoma. Surgical removal was selected. The mass was located very high in the posterior third ventricle, hidden behind the splenium of the corpus callosum and the vein of Galen, so an interhemispheric transcallosal approach followed by a complete dissection of the whole choroidal fissure was chosen and allowed complete removal of the tumor. Microsurgical dissection is presented, showing clearly in detail all the neurovascular structures encountered.

The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2021.4.FOCVID2126.
Resection of a pineal region papillary tumor using robotic exoscope: improved visualization and ergonomics for deep seeded tumor
Authors: Huff Wei X. , Witten Andrew J. , Shah Mitesh V.
Published: July 2021

Surgery for pineal region tumors is technically challenging due to their deep location and close proximity to critical deep venous structures, midbrain, and thalamus. A high-definition video exoscope was recently proposed as an alternative to the operating microscope. The authors illustrate a case of the midline supracerebellar infratentorial approach to resect a pineal region tumor using the Modus V exoscope and demonstrate the improved visualization of critical structures in this deep location. Additionally, the marked improvement in surgeon comfort suggests that this system may have significant advantages over traditional microscope-based surgery for tumors of the pineal region.

The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2021.4.FOCVID2127.
Occipital posterior interhemispheric supratentorial approach for resection of midbrain cavernous malformation
Authors: Elarjani Turki , Khan Nickalus R. , Sur Samir , Morcos Jacques J.
Published: July 2021

Approaches to the pineal region are various, and each has its advantages and disadvantages. The authors present a case of a 50-year-old woman who presented with progressive hemiparesis and vertical gaze palsy; she was diagnosed with a midbrain cavernous malformation. The patient underwent an occipital posterior interhemispheric supratentorial transpineal approach with gross-total resection. On long-term follow-up, her symptoms significantly improved. The authors review the regional anatomy and present the operative video. They also discuss the various approaches with their indications, advantages, and disadvantages.

The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2021.4.FOCVID2133.
Resection of a recurrent pineal region teratoma via a posterior interhemispheric transcallosal approach
Authors: Hersh David S. , Boop Scott , Boop Frederick A.
Published: July 2021

The authors describe the unusual case of a 6-year-old boy presenting with decorticate posturing, diminished hearing, and an inability to open his eyes, despite being verbally responsive. He underwent a posterior interhemispheric transcallosal intervenous approach for resection of a pineal region mature teratoma, which recurred 2 years postoperatively. This video demonstrates his initial surgery and reresection, illustrating the value of this approach for more complex lesions that involve the internal cerebral veins (ICVs). At the time of recurrence, microsurgical dissection of the scarred interhemispheric fissure was required to facilitate removal of the multifocal recurrent teratoma, resulting in gross-total resection.

The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2021.4.FOCVID2134.
Gender Assessment of Political Parties' Internal Regulations in Sudan
Authors: Elkarib Asha K.
Published: July 2021

Political parties are considered gatekeepers for women’s access to political positions, as they play an important role in institutionalizing women’s inclusion in politics. Ensuring that political parties in Sudan play an active role in the advancement of gender equality and the enhancement of women’s political participation is particularly important as Sudan prepares for its transition to democracy. This Report examines political parties’ internal policies and structures and their impact on women’s access to positions of power and decision-making at all levels, starting from within the political parties themselves. By scrutinizing parties’ constitutions, manifestos and various policy documents, the report highlights how women participate in political parties and the extent to which political parties support gender equality.
PROBLEM BASED E-LEARNING DALAM PEMBELAJARAN KIMIA DI SMA
Authors: Ariyati Puji , Sukrawarpala I Wayan , Santyasa I Wayan
Published: July 2021

Many concepts of chemistry about abstract things that require strong understanding to the concepts by relating it in daily life. Its implementation does not only have to be directly face to face, but also can be through e-learning. The aim of this study is at describing the differences in the influence of the Problem-Based e-Learning (PBeL) model with Direct e-learning (DeL) model on critical thinking skills and chemistry learning achievement. This quasi-experimental study was applied in which thepretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design, involving 3 classes (95 students) of Class X MIPA SMAN-1 Bebandem. The study sample consisted of 2 classes (64 students). Critical thinking skills and chemistry learning achievement data were obtained from the critical thinking skills test scores and chemistry learning achievement. Data were analyzed descriptively by using one-way MANCOVA. The results showed that, there were significant differences in: (1) critical thinking skills and learning achievement together between students learning with PBeL and DeL models (F= 26,363; p<0.05); (2) critical thinking skills between students learning with PBeL and DeL models (F= 36,278; p<0.05); (3) learning achievement between students learning with PBeL and DeL models (F= 9,859; p <0.05). PBeL model has a greater effect than DeL on critical thinking skills and Chemistry learning achievement of class X students of SMAN-1 Bebandem AbstrakBanyak konsep kimia tentang hal-hal abstrak yang memerlukan pemahaman yang kuat dengan mengaitkannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Pelaksanaannya tidak harus secara tatap muka tetapi bisa melalui e-Learning. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan perbedaan pengaruh model Problem-Based e-Learning (PBeL) dengan model Direct e-Learning (DeL) terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis dan prestasi atau hasil belajar Kimia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu (quasi experiment) dengan pre-test and post-test non-equivalent control group design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah 3 kelas paralel (95 siswa) kelas X MIPA SMAN-1 Bebandem. Sampel penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 kelas paralel (64 siswa). Data keterampilan berpikir kritis dan prestasi/hasil belajar kimia diperoleh dari skor tes keterampilan berpikir kritis dan prestasi/hasil belajar Kimia. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan MANCOVA satu jalur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada (1) keterampilan berpikir kritis dan prestasi/hasil belajar secara bersama-sama antara peserta didik yang belajar dengan model PBeL dan DeL (F=26,363;  p<0,05), (2) keterampilan berpikir kritis antara peserta didik yang belajar dengan model PBeL dan DeL (F=36,278; p<0,05); dan (3) prestasi/hasil belajar Kimia antara peserta didik yang belajar dengan model PBeL dan DeL (F = 9,859; p<0,05). Model PBeL berpengaruh lebih besar dibandingkan dengan DeL terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis dan prestasi/hasil belajar Kimia siswa kelas X SMAN-1 Bebandem.
Gambaran Perilaku Burnout di SMP Negeri 2 Pedamaran
Authors: Trisnawati Febta
Published: July 2021

Berdasarkan data dan informasi yang didapatkan oleh peneliti melalui observasi bahwa siswa sering mengalami malas dan jenuh untuk belajar dikarenakan pembelajaran yang diberikan kurang menarik dan pemberian pelajaran monoton seperti di suruh meringkas dengan banyak halaman serta tidak disertai dengan penjelasan dari guru yang mengajar sehingga tindakan-tindakan untuk merespon kejenuhannya dengan cara tidak masuk kelas dan suka membolos duduk dikantin sekolah dan tidur di dalam kelas saat sedang ada pelajaran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hasil presentase siswa pada gambaran perilaku burnout di SMP Negeri 2 Pedamaran dan juga untuk mengetahui perilaku burnout pada siswa laki-laki dan perempuan di SMP Negeri 2 Pedamaran dan juga untuk mengetahui implikasi bimbingan dan konseling terhadap gambaran perilaku burnout di SMP Negeri 2 Pedamaran. penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif. Populasi sebanyak 120 siswa dari kelas IX. dan sampel diambil dari 60 siswa kelas IX.3 dan kelas IX.4 Sebanyak 60 siswa. Analisis data menggunakan distribusi frekuensi, rumus untuk menghitung persentase dengan rumus norma kategori presentase dan interpretasi skor. Hasil penelitian persentase perilaku burnout di SMP Negeri 2 Pedamaran adalah sangat tinggi (ST)Â  40%, tinggi (T) 45%, sedang (S) 10%, rendah (R) 5%, sedangkan sangat rendah (SR) 0% tidak ada. Sedangkan implikasi bimbingan dan konseling guru tetap memberikan arahan agar perilaku burnout tidak terjadi meningkat seperti melakukan sosialisasi mengenai dampak perilaku kejenuhan dan memberikan motivasi agar para siswa memiliki pengetahuan.
Gambaran Pemahaman Siswa Kelas VIII Tentang Pencegahan Pergaulan Bebas
Authors: Jendriani Indah Sari Maudy , Darma Putri Ramtia
Published: July 2021

Permasalahan yang sering terjadi pada remaja adalah kurangnya pemahaman tentang pecegahan pergaulan bebas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar persentase gambaran pemahaman pencegahan pergaulan bebas pada siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 50 orang siswa kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 4 Lais yang diambil dengan menggunakan teknik purposif sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data yang berupa angket pemahaman pencegahan pergaulan bebas dengan uji validitas 0,374 menggunakan korelasi product moment dan reliabilitas menggunakan rumus alpha cronbact 0,845. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa preventif pergaulan bebas pada siswa kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 4 Lais dalam kategori tinggi. Artinya siswa sudah cukup baik memahami tentang pergaulan bebas dan memiliki pemahaman pencegahan pergaulan bebas yang tinggi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dan mampu melindungi diri dari pergaulan bebas.
Gambaran Self Control Siswa Pelanggar Tata Tertib Sekolah di SMA Negeri 1 Lubai
Authors: Pranata Deni , Ferdiansyah Muhammad , Sari Syska Purnama
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilatarbelakangi dengan ditemukannya siswa yang melanggar tata tertib sekolah karena self control yang dimilki rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar persentase gambaran self control siswa pelanggar tata tertib sekolah di SMA Negeri 1 Lubai. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan teknik persentase.Populasi penelitian ini berjumlah 70 siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Lubai yang diambil dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan berupa instrumen angket kemampuan self control siswa. Analisis datanya menggunakan rumus Persentase.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa self control siswa pelanggar tata tertib sekolah di SMA Negeri 1 Lubai berada yang terdiri dari 70 siswa sebagian besar mereka berada pada kategori rendah (R) dengan jumlah frekuensi 54 siswa atau dapat dipersentasekan dengan nilai 77,1%. Selanjutnya disusul pada kategori sangat rendah Â (SR) dengan jumlah frekuensi 10 siswa yang dapat dipersentasekan dengan nilai 14.3%. Kemudian Self-control siswa berada pada kategori sedang (S) dengan jumlah frekuensi 6 siswa yang dapat dipersentasekan dengan nilai 8.6% dan tidak ada siswa yang berada pada kotegori tinggi dan sangat tinggi. Berdasarkan data diatas maka rata-rata Self-control siswa Pelanggar Tata Tertib kelas XI di SMA Negeri 1 Lubai berada pada kategori rendah sehingga diharapkan bisa menjadi acuan untuk guru bimbingan dan konseling dalam memberikan program layanan bimbingan dan konseling disekolah.Â Kata kunci: Self Control, Pelanggar Tata Tertib.
Pengaruh Latar Belakang Pendidikan Guru Bimbingan dan Konseling Terhadap Pelaksanaan Layanan pada Siswa SMK Negeri 1 Benakat
Authors: Embet Embet , Harapan Edi , Putri Ramtia Darma
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latar belakang pendidikan guru bimbingan dan konseling terhadap pelaksanaan layanan pada siswa SMK Negeri 1 Benakat. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah guru di SMK Negeri 1 Benakat. Penentuan sampel dalam penelitian ini secara Totally Samplingsebanyak 3 orang guru bimbingan dan konseling di SMK Negeri 1 Benakat. Metode penelitian adalah kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan angket, dokumentasi, dan observasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan rumus regresi linier sederhana. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa nilai thitung 4,426 sedangkan nilai ttabel = 2,042. Dengan demikian thitung> ttabel atau 4,426 >2,042 untuk taraf signifikan 5%.Â  Hipotesis yang berbunyi â€œada pengaruh latar belakang pendidikan guru bimbingan dan konseling terhadap pelaksanaan layanan pada siswa SMK Negeri 1 Benakatâ€ dapat diterima.
Meningkatkan Aspirasi Karier di Sekolah Melalui Layanan Bimbingan dan Konseling
Authors: Marimbun Marimbun
Published: July 2021

Aspirasi karier merupakan cita- cita, harapan dan keinginan yang realistis untuk meraih prestasi yang cemerlang di masa depan. Setiap siswa pasti menginginkan yang cemerlang. Namun, kebanyakan siswa gagal dalam mempersiapkan kariernya. Fenomena yang terjadi di lapangan menggambarkan banyak siswa yang memiliki aspirasi karier yang rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menemukan layanan- bimbingan layanan dan konseling yang efektif dalam meningkatkan aspirasi karier. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan. Teknik menggunakan data menggunakan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data adalah analisis isi yaitu memilih, membandingkan, menggabungkan berbagai referensi yang relevan. Guru BK atau konselor sebagai alternatif untuk memberikan berbagai layanan yang harus dilaksanakan dalam mengatasi berbagai hambatan karier.