bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some Features of Java Language Illustrated through Examples from Chemistry
Authors: Raman K. V.
Published: June 2019

Computer programming has been used effectively by theoretical chemists and organic chemists to solve various types of problem in chemistry. Initially the languages used for computations in chemistry were FORTRAN and BASIC. Later the Pascal language was used for solving problems in chemistry and physics. Recently the languages C and C++ and Java have been used to solve problems in chemistry. In this paper I will illustrate features of C, C++ choosing examples from chemistry. Computer programming has been used effectively by theoretical chemists and organic chemists to solve various types of problem in chemistry. Initially the languages used for computations in chemistry were FORTRAN and BASIC. Later the Pascal language was used for solving problems in chemistry and physics. Recently the languages C and C++ and Java have been used to solve problems in chemistry. In this paper I will illustrate features of C, C++ choosing examples from chemistry. Some examples presented in this these languages are Program to calculate reduced mass of homo diatomic or hetero diatomic Program to calculate the molecular weight of a tetra atomic system ABCD Program to calculate NMR frequencies of spin 1/2 nuclei only Program to calculate NMR and ESR frequencies The examples presented in Java 2 are Program to calculate unit cell dimension of a crystal Program to generate the chair form and boat form of cyclohexane. The examples presented in this monograph will help researchers in theoretical chemistry and organic chemistry to develop their own software.
Immunization of Children
Authors: Bhaskara Rao Y. Udya
Published: June 2019

Immunizcion has been one Of the great Of century medicine for prevention and control Of human and anirnal infectious diseases. The routine immunization programs against childhood Save proved to be very successful in both developed and developing countries. The Government Of India initiated the Expanded Præram on immunization (EPO in 1978 Of providirg immunization for c] the children against su voccine preventable diseases i.e. Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pettussis, Tuberculosis, Polio and Measles. The achievements are remarkable and the incidences of these six diæases hove brought down significantly 2000}. is administered to the mother either during her pregnancy or prior to during the years to protect new borne against neonatal tetanus. The global Polio eradication initiative began in 1988 World health Assembly, 1988) thrægh 2001 , the number of reported Polio cases in world has been reduced by more than 99 percent from an estirnated < 1000 caæs and number Of counties where pcEo is from 125 b I O (MMWR, 2002).
Scientists Search for Truth by W. Mark Richardson and Gofdy Slack
Authors: Pradeep C. E.
Published: June 2019

The basic dialogue between rationality and faith might have staded with the origin of human consciousness. rationality evolved into whereas into multitude of religions. the fundamental and profound queries Of the meaning Of life one death have been With in us since the beginning Of the systematic thought. scientific and spiritual quests hove trover-sea different paths. The great modern philosopher Friedrich utterance is givesa new twist to the whole dialogue.
First Order Derivative Spectrophotometric Determination of Thorium in Geological Samples Using Diacetylmonoxime p-hydroxybenzoylhydrazone
Authors: Varghese Anitha , Khadar A M A
Published: June 2019

A simple, selective and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of trace amounts of thorium using a newly synthesised reagent diacetylmonoximep-hydroxybenzoylhydrazone (DMPHBH) in the presence of Triton X-100. The molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity of the coloured species at pH 4.4 were found to be 4.20 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1 and 5.5 ng cm-2, respectively. Beer’s law is obeyed in the range 0.35 -3.8 mg mL-1 of thorium(IV) at 410 nm. The stoichiometry of the complex was found to be 1:2 (Th(IV): DMPHBH). A highly selective first order derivative spectrophotometric method for the determination of thorium in the presence of uranium is also reported. The detection limit and quantitation limit of first order derivative spectrophotometry were found to be 0.03 and 0.11 mg mL-1, respectively. The developed procedure has been successfully applied for the trace level determination of thorium in rock samples and synthetic mixtures.
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria: The Fatal Menace in Healthcare
Authors: Sarojini Suma
Published: June 2019

The “antibiotic era” saw the discovery of a lot of wonder drugs which killed pathogenic bacteria without significantly harming the host. Never before had nature and sickness seemed so much within the control of mankind. The hopes soon died down with the reports of antibiotic resistant bacteria. The extensive overuse and misuse of antibiotics by human beings coupled with the alarming rate of spread of resistance genes to other bacteria by horizontal and lateral gene transfer has given the problem a larger dimension in that now we have superbugs resistant to a variety of antibiotics. People need to be informed of the dangers of antibiotics and educated on the forms of illnesses that antibiotics cannot treat.
Custom Made Movable Ocular Prosthesis: Esthetics for Social Acceptance
Authors: Savadi Ravindra C , Savadi Anupama , Kumar Satheesh , Satheesh Preeti
Published: June 2019

An artificial eye is a prosthetic unit that serves to replace the lost orbital volume when the living eye is either shrunken or surgically removed. The custom prostheses are made to adapt to the contour of the orbital tissues and eyelids, and colored to match the companion eye. Although implant eye prosthesis has a superior outcome, due to economic factors it may not be advisable in all patients. Therefore, a custom-made ocular prosthesis is an excellent alternative. But the common failing of such custom made ocular prosthesis has been that there is no or very limited mobility of the eye prosthesis, which marks it as what it is, an artificial prosthesis. In the following clinical report it will be demonstrated with the help of a patient the use of a movable custom made ocular prosthesis, which shows marked mobility.
Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of o-xylene over V2O5 / ZrO2 Catalysts
Authors: Pillai Sreejarani K , Gheevarghese O , Tleane I V
Published: June 2019

The present study has undertaken the Friedel-Crafts benzylation of aromatics over the V2O5/ZrO2 catalysts systems. Catalysts with different V2O5 content (0-15wt %) was prepared by wet impregnation method and characterized by XRD, BET surface area, FTIR and 5’V NMR techniques. The surface acidic properties were determined by temperature programmed desorption of NH3, cumene cracking and perylene adsorption. Under the optimized reaction conditions, these catalysts are found to be very effective and considerably more selective than the conventional homogeneous Lewis acid catalysts. The investigation of vanadia systems-catalyzed benzylation of o-xylene with benzyl chloride revealed that the catalytic activity and product selectivity are sensitive to the precise reaction parameters and can be related to the Lewis acidity of the systems. The reaction is found to be very clean and produces the desired monoalkylated product with high yield.
Liquid Phase Benzylation of Toluene over Modified Titania Catalysts
Authors: R Sunaja Devi K , S Sugunan
Published: June 2019

Titania, sulfated titania and a series of iron loaded sulfated titania catalyst with different iron loadings (39 %) are prepared by sol-gel method and calcined at 500°C. Anatase is found to be the active phase with crystallite size in the nano range. All the prepared catalysts are found to be stable up to 700°C. Acidity is measured using spectrophotometric monitoring of adsorption of perylene, thermogravimetric desorption of 2,6-dimethylpyridine and temperature programmed desorption of ammonia. The activities of the catalysts were tested for liquid phase Friedel-Crafts benzylation of toluene with benzyl chloride. It has been concluded that Lewis acid sites are responsible for the reaction.
Nanofluid Flow over a Rotating Disk with Prescribed Heat Flux
Authors: Andrews Julie , Anjali Devi S P
Published: June 2019

An analysis is carried out to study the problem of the steady flow and heat transfer over a rotating disk with a prescribed heat flux in nanofluid. Nanofluid considered is Copper (Cu) with water as the base fluid. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using similarity transformation, which are then solved using the Nachtsheim-Swigert Shooting iteration technique along with the fourth order Runga Kutta method. The features of the flow and heat transfer characteristics are analyzed and discussed. The radial velocity, tangential velocity and the axial velocity for copper-water nanofluid are calculated and are represented graphically. Numerical results for dimensionless temperature, the radial skin friction coefficient and the tangential skin friction coefficient of the nanofluid flows are obtained and computations are carried out for the various values of Prandtl number. It is found that for the prescribed heat flux case (PHF case), the effect of Prandtl number is to reduce the temperature as it increases for copper-water nanofluid.
Labelling of Cactus Graphs
Authors: Khan Nasreen , Pal Madhumangal , Pal Anita
Published: June 2019

The -labelling of a graph is an abstraction of assigning integer frequencies to radio transmitters such that the transmitters that are one unit of distance apart receive frequencies that differ by at least two, and transmitters that are two units of distance apart receive frequencies that differ by at least one. The span of an -labelling is the difference between the largest and the smallest assigned frequency. The -labelling number of a graph , denoted by , is the least integer such that has an -labelling of span . A cactus graph is a connected graph in which every block is either an edge or a cycle. The goal of the problem is to show that for a cactus graph , where is the degree of . An optimal algorithm is also presented here to label the vertices of cactus graph using -labelling technique in time, where is the total number of vertices of the cactus graph.
A Comparison on the Bounds of Chromatic Preserving Number and Dom-Chromatic Number of Cartesian Product and Kronecker Product of Paths
Authors: Janakiraman T N , Poobalaranjani M
Published: June 2019

Let G be a simple graph with vertex set V and edge set E. A Set S Í V is said to be a chromatic preserving set or a cp-set if χ() = χ(G) and the minimum cardinality of a cp-set in G is called the chromatic preserving number or cp-number of G and is denoted by cpn(G). A cp-set of cardinality cpn(G) is called a cpn-set. A subset S of V is said to be a dom- chromatic set (or a dc-set) if S is a dominating set and χ() = χ(G). The minimum cardinality of a dom-chromatic set in a graph G is called the dom-chromatic number (or dc- number) of G and is denoted by γch(G). The Kronecker product G1 Ù G2 of two graphs G1 = (V1, E1) and G2 = (V2, E2) is the graph G with vertex set V1 x V2 and any two distinct vertices (u1, v1) and (u2, v2) of G are adjacent if u1u2 Î E1 and v1v2 Î E2. The Cartesian product G1 x G2 is the graph with vertex set V1 x V2 where any two distinct vertices (u1, v1) and (u2, v2) are adjacent whenever (i) u1 = u2 and v1v2 Î E2 or (ii) u1u2 Î E1 and v1 = v2. These two products have no common edges. They are almost like complements but not exactly. In this paper, we discuss the behavior of the cp-number and dc-number and their bounds for product of paths in the two cases. A detailed comparative study is also done.
Measurement of L X-Ray Production Cross-Sections of Au, Ho, Bi and K-X-Ray Cross Sections of Nb, Sn, Sb by Using Protons of Energy 4 MeV
Authors: Joseph Daisy , Rao S V S Nageshwara , Kailas S
Published: June 2019

L X-ray production cross-sections for the elements Au, Ho, Bi and K X-ray production cross-sections for the Nb, Sn, Sb have been measured using proton beam of energy 4MeV. The experimentally measured cross sections using PIXE (Proton Induced X-ray Emission) and RBS (Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry) have been compared with the values obtained by the theoretical predictions of ECPSSR model and they are in agreement within an experimental error of 10%.
Study of Structural and Optical Properties of ZnS:Ni Thin Films Prepared by Dip Coating Method
Authors: Gunasekaran C , Senthilkumar V , Kokila P , Uma S , Banumathi S
Published: June 2019

Adherent and uniform films of ZnS and ZnS:Ni were deposited reproducibly by Dip coating method onto a glass substrate, under acidic conditions from solutions containing Zinc Nitrate, Nickel Nitrate, Ammonium Nitrate, Sodium citrate, thiourea and distilled water. The growth of ZnS thin films on glass substrates have been thoroughly investigated by SEM, EDAX and X- ray diffraction techniques. The grain sizes (D) of crystallites were estimated using the Scherrer’s formula. Depending on selection of precursors and presence of dopant, ZnS and ZnS films can be of Sphalenite or wurtzite structure. The effect of the dopant on the crystallinity and surface morphology of ZnS thin films have been studied. The surface morphology, which has been evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), shows a relatively flat and uniform surface.
Solvent Effect on the Fluorescence Properties of Two Biologically Active Thiophene Carboxamido Molecules
Authors: Nagaraja D , Geethanjali H S , Patil N R , Sanningannavar F M , Kusanur R A , Melavanki R M
Published: June 2019

The absorption and fluorescence spectra of two thiophene carboxamido molecules namely 2–( - trimethoxy phenyl) imino–3–N–ethylcarboxamido–4, 5, tetramethylene thiophene (X) and 2-( -N, N-dimethylaminophenyl) imino-3-(N- methylphenyl carboxamido)-4, 5, tetramethylene thiophene (Y) have been recorded at room temperature. The ground (mg) and excited (me) state dipole moments are estimated from Lippert, Bakhshiev, Kawski-Chamma-Viallet equations by using the variation of Stokes shift with microscopic solvent dielectric constant (e) and refractive index (n). The excited dipole moments were also estimated by using the variation of Stokes shift with microscopic empirical solvent polarity parameter and the values are compared. It was estimated that dipole moments of the excited state were higher than those of the ground state of both the molecules. Further, the change in dipole moment (Dm) were calculated both from solvatochromic shift method and on the basis of microscopic empirical solvent polarity parameter .
NaBr/98% H2SO4: An Efficient Reagent for the Regioselective Monobromination of Least Reactive Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
Authors: Afzal Pasha Mohamad , Nagashree Shrivatsa
Published: June 2019

An efficient, simple and regioselective monobromination of least reactive acyclic and cyclic alkanes by sodium bromide/ 98% H2SO4 is reported. The yields are high and the reactions go to completion within 15–35 min. at                     40–65 ºC.
Contra Harmonic Mean Labelling of Graphs
Authors: G Narasimhan R Sampathkumar
Published: June 2019

A graph labelling is an assignment of integers to the vertices or edges or both subject to certain conditions. A Graph G(V, E) with p vertices and q edges is called a Contra Harmonic mean graph if it is possible to label all the vertices x ∈ V with distinct labels f(x) from {1, 2, 3, 4, …., p } in such a way that each edge e = uv is labelled with

f uv = f(u) 2 + f(v) 2

f u +f(v)

or f uv = f(u) 2 + f(v) 2

f u +f(v)

are distinct.
Further Results on Sum Labelling of Split Graphs
Authors: Lawrence Rozario Raj P J Rozario Gerard
Published: June 2019

A sum labelling is a mapping
Mutations Associated with Pyrazinamide Resistance in the Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: GK Madhavilatha AK Anilkumar
Published: June 2019

Pyrazinamide is one of the four first line drugs for treatment of tuberculosis. It has been widely accepted, that pyrazinamide (PZA) resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is correlated with mutations in the pncA gene. In the present study, pyrazinamide susceptibility was tested in 65 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by pncA gene sequencing and was then correlated with pyrazinamidase activity. 68% of the resistant isolates showed mutation in the pncA gene which was further correlated with an assay for pyrazinamidase activity.
On the Tachocline Zone Location in the Sun, the Luminosity Transport time scale, the Rotational Inertia and their Time Variation in Standard Solar Evolution Models
Authors: Anandaram Mandyam N
Published: June 2019

Studies with GONG Standard Solar Evolution Models sampling the evolution of the sun from its ZAMS stage show the following. The location of the tachocline zone is nearly fixed as it is not affected by shell burning although it co-moves with   the expansion of the sun up to the present age of 4.6 Gyr. The luminosity transport time scale of the sun is entirely dominated by photon diffusion and during the evolution has decreased from over 204000 years to 187000 years. The rotational inertia of the sun shows a small gradual increase from
Immobilization of Metal Sulfide Nanocrystals on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Facilitated by Infrared Irradiation
Authors: B R Venugopal
Published: June 2019

Uniformly distributed metal sulfide nanocrystals are immobilized on the surface of oxygenated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by reacting metal ions (Cu 2+ / Zn 2+ /Cd 2+ ) anchored to MWCNTs with hydrogen sulfide while irradiating with infrared (IR) radiation. The IR irradiation is the key step in the effective immobilization of metal sulfide nanocrystals on MWCNTs. The photoabsorption and photothermal properties of MWCNTs in the presence of IR irradiation raises the temperature of the CNTs in solution, facilitating the interaction between the acidic groups on CNTs and the metal ions, which results in effective immobilization of the nanocrystals. The metal sulfide-MWCNT hybrids are characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy.
Two-piece Cubic Spline Functions
Authors: Vijayakumar Hannah
Published: June 2019

.M Prenter defines a cubic Spline function in an interval [a, b] as a piecewise cubic polynomial which is twice continuously differentiable in the entire interval [a, b]. The smooth cubic spline functions fitting the given data are the most popular spline functions and when used for interpolation, they do not have the oscillatory behavior which characterized high-degree polynomials. The natural spline has been shown to be unique function possessing the minimum curvature property of all functions interpolating the data and having square integrable second derivative. In this sense, the natural cubic spline is the smoothest function which interpolates the data. Here Two-piece Natural Cubic Spline functions have been defined. An approximation with no indication of its accuracy is utterly valueless. Where an approximation is intended for the general use, one must , of course, go for the trouble of estimating the error as precisely as possible. In this section, an attempt has been made to derive closed form expressions for the error-functions in the case of Two-piece Spline Functions.
Role of Medicinal Plants - India's Richest Natural Resource in Today's Health and Education
Authors: Vinay Prathibha
Published: June 2019

The knowledge Of Pv!edicinal plants datö since origin of mankind. However, a more systematic approach has been given the age Old Science "Ayurveda" The Science Of Life and other systems of medicine such as Siddha, Unani, Homeopathy, etc. Folk medicine is in practice in various pans of the country by both rural and urban people. For centuries Indians have perpetuated an empirical Science Of Herbology in relation to The Wide spread and long standing practice Of using medicinal plants have been transcribed through Vedic Literature, and various scriptures, like in the Holy Bible, mention has been made about use Of plants cs fooe One medicine in the Chapter of Genesis and in Epics Of Ramayana and Mahabharotha etc.
Virtual Screening of Drugs against HIV-1 Protease
Authors: Shanmugam V M Geeja S Kurian
Published: June 2019

The life-threatening infections and pandemic spread of Human Immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), the etiologic agent of AIDS, has promoted an unending scientific effort to understand and control the disease. The resultant understanding of HIV-1 life cycle has defined many different targets for potential drug intervention. HIV protease enzyme responsible for cleaving large polyprotein precursors into biologically active protein products is an important target for the treatment of AIDS. However drug resistance is a persistent problem and new protease inhibitors are needed. Tipranavir, one of the protease inhibitors most recently approved for clinical use has been shown to be potent against viruses harbouring multidrug resistance mutations such as V82A and L90M, but even this drug is shown to lose potency due to certain mutations or mutation patterns. Thus 10 derivatives of the drug Tipranavir, chemically diverse from the initial hit were generated and screened to determine their ability to interact with protease. Further analysis revealed one unique compound with high binding ability from the initial hit and its possibility for new class of protease inhibitors is discussed in this report.
Characterization and Electrical Conductivity of Electron Beam Irradiated Metal Phthalocyanine Complexes
Authors: H S Jayanna Ashok R Lamani
Published: June 2019

Variation of DC electrical conductivity with temperature from 273-473 K of electron beam irradiated Tetra-nitro zinc, and Cu-Pcs,   were carried out. It   shows semiconductor behavior and resistivity varies from 0.043×10 5 Ω -cm to 64.61×10 5 Ω -cm for all complexes. Variation of conductivity with temperature shows two straight lines of different slopes the first line (LT), resembles the α– phase, (Ea 1 ) = 0.226 eV while the second line at 362 K resembles the β - phase (Ea 2 ) = 0.460 eV (for Cu- Pcs). The β -phase shows higher activation energy than the α -phase, and the X-ray diffraction studies reveal that the crystals are monoclinic. The conductivity is explained on the basis of Davis and Mott model. The conduction mechanism at lower temperature is explained in terms of hoping through a band of localized states and at higher temperatures in terms of thermal excitation of carriers to the band edge.
Study of Atmospheric Instabilities through Radioactivity
Authors: K Charan Kumar
Published: June 2019

Radon and its progeny concentration are measured at 1m height from surface of Earth in the premises of National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Gadanki to observe the changes in activity concentration of radon particularly during instabilities that are occurring in the atmosphere. The measurements were carried out using AlphaGUARD and Alpha Progeny Meter for the measurement of radon and its progenies, respectively. It has been observed that, the changes in daily and weekly atmospheric radon levels are related to the stability or turbulence of the lower troposphere. The analysis reveals that from sunny windless days indicates growth and dissolution of the inversion layer. The study of radon concentrations during several atmospheric instabilities including period during Nilam cyclone, has shown interesting features, which are correlated with the conditions of stability or turbulence in the atmosphere.
On Equality and Strong Equality of Domination Number and Independent Domination Number in Graphs
Authors: Femlin Pious , Mayamma Joseph
Published: June 2019

In this paper we explore graphs having same domination number and independent domination number . Such graphs are denoted as ( , )-graphs. Several families of  ( , )-graphs have been constructed. The realization problem for graphs with  =  = a for any given positive integer a has been solved. Furthermore, properties of graphs in which every  -set is a -set has been investigated.
1 Studies on Ruthenium and Rhodium Complexes Containing 1,2- bis (N-Methylbenzimidazolyl)Benzene and Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation
Authors: Bheemanna Hunsekatte G , Virupaiah Gayathri , Gowda Nanje M
Published: June 2019

Reactions of ruthenium(III) chloride and rhodium(III) halides with 1,2-bis(N-methylbenzimidazolyl)benzene (N-N) in stoicheiometric amounts in methanol produced binuclear complexes of the compositions [RuCl2(- Cl) (N-N)]2 and [RhX3(N-N)]2. nH2O ( n = 0, X = Br ; n = 1, X = Cl). [RhI3(N-N)]2 was prepared by stirring a mixture of rhodium trichloride with fifteen fold excess of sodium iodide and the N-heterocycle, N-N in methanol. Ruthenium chloride and rhodium halides in 2-methoxyethanol/alcohol reacted with N-N in presence of CO to produce complexes of the types [RuCl2(CO)2(N-N)], [Rh2Cl2(CO)2(N-N)] and [Rh(CO)2(N-N)]Br. The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductivity measurements, IR, electronic, 1H- and 13C- NMR spectral studies and by mass spectra. Probable structures have been proposed for the complexes. The complex [RuCl2(-Cl)(N-N)]2 in DMF was found to reduce nitro compounds to corresponding amines using formic acid as the hydrogen donor. Keywords: 1,2-bis(N-methylbenzimidazolyl) benzene, ruthenium and rhodium complexes, carbonyl.
Arthropod Diversity in Rice nurseries in North-Eastern Zone of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Diraviam J. , Selvanayagam M. , Ignacimuthu S.
Published: June 2019

Agricultural systems are often considered by ecologists as disturbed, depauperate, and evolutionarily recent. But tropical rice agro-ecosystem is one exception due to its ecological complexity resulted by the long ecological complexity resulted by the long ecological history and wide geographical distribution. Rice nursery is very similar to natural grassland and offers a wide scope for studying the biodiversity due to the presence of arthropod fauna. A survey was conducted in five rice nursery fields in the same period in three villages of two districts of the north eastern zone of Tamil Nadu: Budur, Kavarapettai and Narasingapuram of Tiruvallur district, and Kavur and Malaiyambakkam of Kancheepuram district during Sornavari season,2003(April to August). The rice cultivar was uniformly ADT 43, a short duration variety. No chemical pesticide was applied in the nursery fields and the seedlings were of uniform age. Fifty double sweep net samples were taken to study arthropod diversity. The specimens sorted out were grouped into three guilds, viz., pests, entomophages and neutrals, and their relative abundance was worked out. . The overall observations revealed that a wide range of arthropod fauna were present in the rice nursery fields. The neutrals were the most dominant guilds in four out of five locations. The relative abundance range from 30.22 to 67.13% .This guild was followed by the pests, which ranged from 17.5 to 48.58%. The abundance of entomophages ranged from 13.32 to 24.36%. Among the locations, the maximum relative abundance of pest and entomophage guilds was observed in Narasingapuram. The maximum relative abundance of neutrals was observed in Budur. The green leaf hopper, white flies, white-bat plant hopper, grass hoppers and trips were the major pests. The pre dominant entomophages were the spiders, parasitic hymenoptera and ground beetles. Dipteran flies and hydrophilids were the pre dominant neutrals observed. It may be concluded that rice nursery field supports a wide range of arthropods. The neutrals help in the buildup of carnivorous (entomophages), which ultimately check the pest population.
Influence of Sources of Organic Manures on Availability of Micronutrients to Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana, Gaertn) in Alfisal
Authors: Kumar Vijay C. , Gajanana G. N. , Basavaraj B.
Published: June 2019

Field experiment was conducted on a sandy loam soil to know the periodic changes in DTPA extractable micro nutrients Zn,Fe,Cu and Mn with different sources of organic manures in conjunction with fertilizer were studied at 0-15 cm soil depth during finger mil;let growth. Application of organics alone or in combination with fertilizers significantly increased DTPA extractable micro nutrients when compared to NPK alone. Among the organic sources Farmyard Manure treated soil recorded maximum DTPA extractable micronutrients Zn,Fe,Cu, and Mn when compared to Green leaf manure and Vermicompost. With intensive cropping of high analysis fertilizer, soils are becoming deficient in micronutrients. Although some work has been reported in Punjab and other states on the effect of different sources of organic manures on the building up of nutrients and yield of crops, very little work has been done with respect to micro nutrient elements. The present studies were conducted to know the effect of different sources of organic manures on Micro nutrient availability in sandy loam soil in finger millet crop.
The Emerging Trends in the Bio-Diversity of Bats in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Vanitharani Juliet
Published: June 2019

The news media, legends, 101k lore, television, movies and storybooks perpetuate myths. 'Fears about bots' a surprising number of people believe. Bots are instantly recognised yet poorly known. The hours Of twilight {Oltowed by darkness is the best feeding tirnö for these animals. The night is really alive with such nocturnal creatures. They inhabit Olmos' every comer Offhe globe. They ore not from Antarctica, Arctic tundra remote oceanic islands. Bots are unique elegant and fascinating, They ore the only mammals who mastered true, sustained flight much before man's own lineage began. More than Of all mammal species are bats. They 'See' With their ears, hang upside to sleep by day ond can catch insects while flying even in the darkest 0/ nights. Wing' forms 0 basis for Classifying os separote order Of Mammals. The order Chiroptera (Greek Pteros•wing), Which includes 1242 species.
Environment Friendly Bio-technologies in Managing Chilli Thrips, Sirthothrips Dorasalis
Authors: Pasupathy S.
Published: June 2019

One Of the imprfant commercial spice-cum vegetable crop, Chilli (Copsicum annuml i' cultivohd Over o substantial area in the southern districts Of Tamil Nadu, Where insect pests are a serious problem. Among them the sucking pests, namely, the Thrips, (Scirtothrips dorsalis), the aphids (Aphis gossypii gnd Myzus persicoe) lotus) cause Over 50 per cent reduction in yield. Earlier, more weightage had been given fo insecticides both contact and sy*micto manage these pests (Raiasri etc'. , 991 Thakare etal., 992, Misra 1992., Jaganath, 1993. , Chendete and Desh-pande 1984, Jagan mohan et 01. , 1980., Kareernet d, 1977.,Mote 1977 and Roo ond Ahamed, 1986).
Optical Properties of Silver-Vanadium-Phosphate Glasses
Authors: Eraiah B
Published: June 2019

The glasses with the composition of xAg2O-50V2O5-(50-x)P2O5 (where x = 5,10,15,20,30 and 40 mol%) were synthesized using melt quenching technique and their optical properties were carried out through UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The absorption spectra of these glasses were recorded at room temperature in the wavelength range 200-1100nm. The optical band gap energies were calculated using Tauc plot. The calculatedenergy band gap values are ranging from 2.075 to 2.834 eV. The refractive index and polarizabilities of oxide ions have been calculated using Lorentz-Lorentz relation. The calculated refractive index and polarizabilities of these glasses in the range of 2.443 to 2.703 and 9.8877×10-24 to 13.590×10-24cm3.
UV emission line studies of NGC-low redshift Seyfert Galaxies, LINERS and HII regions
Authors: P Vedavathi , Doddamani Vijayakumar H
Published: June 2019

Active galaxies as a special class of galaxies are characterized by very strong and broad emission lines. The strong emission lines such as Lyα, NV, Si IV, C IV, and Mg II observed in the UV spectra of Seyfert galaxies and quasars can be used to probe the physical conditions of the gas in the BLR regions surrounding the central accretion discs of these most luminous and exotic objects. In the standard model of broad line emission regions for active galaxies it is assumed that the broad permitted lines are emitted by the photo-ionization of a large number of spherically distributed optically thick clouds which are in Keplerian motion surrounding a central continuum source. However, issues related to variability time-scales, delays in the light curves and BLR sizes etc., remain unexplained consistent with observations.  In this paper, a study of emission line properties 9 objects satisfying good SNR (> 5.0) out of 98 NGC (catalogued) IUE observed low redshift active galaxies (z ≤ 0.017) is presented. The International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) satellite launched in 1978 by NASA has made low redshift UV spectroscopic observations of many different kinds of UV sources including active galaxies till 1996 and the flux calibrated spectral data of almost all observations have been hosted in NED-IUE database. In the present studies, IUE spectral data of a complete sample of NGC-catalogued active galaxies has been undertaken to understand the emission line properties of low luminosity and low z active galaxies. We find that the emission lines such as Lyα, N V, Si IV, O III], C III], C IV, and Mg II are observed as strong and broad lines in the spectra of only 9 objects owing to the criterion of S/N ≥ 5.0 adopted for the spectral analysis. The Lyα has not been found to be a strong line unlike in high z Seyfert galaxies and quasars observed by IUE satellite. C IV and Mg II lines are observed to be stronger lines in all the nine objects consistent with their usual presence in the remaining (~ 400) active galaxies observed by the IUE satellite. These observations are indicative of different physical and geometrical conditions in the BLR regions surrounding the central accretion disk compared to the intermediate and high redshift Seyfert galaxies and quasars.
Nano ZnO and its Perspective in Anti-Cancer Activities
Authors: Shobhaa N , Nandab N , Nagabhushana B M
Published: June 2019

Several methods are used to counter the deadly disease cancer. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) is one of the metal oxide nanoparticles which had been used in anti-cancer activities due to its large bandwidth and high exciting binding energy and it has potential applications like antibacterial, antifungal, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, antioxidant, optic properties and also which holds promise to treat cancer effectively. Studies have shown that Zinc metal oxide nano particles induce cytotoxicity in cancer cells. The mechanism for antitumor could work through apoptosis or the generation of reactive oxygen species or and necrosis, among other possibilities. This review is on some of the most significant antitumor results obtained with zinc oxide nanoparticles depending on their size, surface morphology, methods of preparation and also cytotoxicity result.
Path (or cycle)-trees with Graph Equations involving Line and Split Graphs
Authors: Patil H P , Raja V
Published: June 2019

H-trees generalizes the existing notions of trees, higher dimensional trees and k-ctrees. The characterizations and properties of both Pk-trees for k at least 4 and Cn-trees for n at least 5 and their hamiltonian property, dominations, planarity, chromatic and b-chromatic numbers are established. The conditions under which Pk-trees for k at least 3 (resp. Cn-trees for n at least 4), are the line graphs are determined. The relationship between path-trees and split graphs are developed.
Upper Vertex Triangle Free Detour Number of a Graph
Authors: Sethu Ramalingam S , Keerthi Asir I , Athisayanathan S
Published: June 2019

For a graph G, the x-triangle free detour set, the x-triangle free detour number, the minimal x-triangle free detour set, the upper x-triangle free detour number, are defined and studied. Certain bounds are determined and the relation with the vertex triangle free detour number of a graph is found out. Some realization problems, properties related to the upper vertex detour number, the upper vertex detour monophonic number and the upper vertex geodetic number are also studied.
Hexagonal Difference Prime Labeling of Some Path Graphs
Authors: Sunoj B S , Varkey Mathew T K
Published: June 2019

Hexagonal difference prime labeling of vertices of a graph is the labeling of the vertices of the graph with hexagonal numbers and the edges with absolute value of the difference of the labels of the incident vertices. The greatest common incidence number (gcin) of a vertex of degree greater than one is defined as the greatest common divisor of the labels of the incident edges. If the gcin of each vertex of degree greater than one is 1, then the graph admits hexagonal difference prime labeling.  Here we identify some path related graphs for hexagonal difference prime labeling.
Propagation Characteristics of Acoustic Wave in Non-Isothermal Earth’s Atmospheres
Authors: Routh Swati , Bhattacharya Arka , Saha Snehanshu , Jagadeesh Madhu Kahyap
Published: June 2019

Acoustic waves are those waves which travel with the speed of sound through a medium. H. Lamb (1909, 1910) had derived a cutoff frequency for stratified and isothermal medium for the propagation of acoustic waves. In order to find the cutoff frequency many methods were introduced after Lamb's work. In this paper, we have chosen the turning point frequency method following Musielak et.al(2006) Routh et. al.(2014) to determine cutoff frequencies for acoustic waves propagating in non-isothermal medium which can be applied to various atmospheres like solar atmosphere, stellar atmosphere, earth's atmosphere etc. Here, we have analytically derived the cutoff frequency and have analyzed and compared with the Lamb's cut-off frequency for earth's troposphere.
On SD-Harmonious Labeling
Authors: Lourdusamy A , Wency S Jenifer , Patrick F
Published: June 2019

A graph G is said to be SD-harmonious labeling if there exists an injection f: V(G) -> {0,1,2,...,q} such that the induced function f*: E(G) ->{0,2,...,2q-2} defined by f(uv)=S+D (mod 2q) is bijective, where S=f(u)+f(v) and D=|f(u)-f(v)|, for every edge uv in E(G). A graph which admits SD-harmonious labeling is called SD-harmonious graph. In this paper, we investigate SD-harmonious labeling of path related graphs, tree related graphs, star related graphs and disjoint union of graphs.
Odd-even sum labeling in the context of duplication of graph elements
Authors: Monika K , Murugan K
Published: June 2019

In this paper, odd-even sum labeling of the graphs obtained by duplication of graph elements of stars and paths are studied
L(t, 1)-Colouring of Cycles
Authors: Pandey Priyanka , Kureethara Joseph Varghese
Published: June 2019

For a given finite set T including zero, an L(t, 1)-colouring of a graph G is an assignment of non-negative integers to the vertices of G such that the difference between the colours of adjacent vertices must not belong to the set T and the colours of vertices that are at distance two must be distinct. For a graph G, the L(t, 1)-span of G  is the minimum of the highest colour used to colour the vertices of a graph out of all the possible L(t, 1)-colourings. We study the L(t, 1)-span of cycles with respect to specific sets.
Causative Factors of Gestational Diabetics in Women – An analysis on the consequential impacts using LASFCM
Authors: Martin Nivetha
Published: June 2019

Pregnancy is the typical stage in every life cycle of woman where many biochemical and physiological changes take place in all the systems. The adaptation of these changes by the human body differs from one individual to another and it may result in many threats. Gestational Diabetics (GD) is one of the serious threats faced by women during pregnancy. The outbreak of GD is the resultant of several factors which are categorized as genetic, environmental, social and behavioural. The mitigation of this diabetic condition is very essential as it affects the foetus and the mother. The consequential impacts of the factors of GD have to be determined to initiate the preventive measures and to devise the curative medications in accordance to it. This paper introduces the concept of linguistic average super fuzzy cognitive map (LASFCM) which makes use of experts' opinion in terms of linguistic variables to find the substantial outbreak of GD.
Kinetics of Oxidation of Cychlohexanol by N-Chloronicotinamide in Aqueous Acetic Acid Medium
Authors: Sridharan R. , Mathiyalagan N.
Published: June 2019

Kinetics of oxidation o Cyclohexanol by N-Chloronicotinamide(NCN) in 50% V/V aqueous acetic acid mixture has been investigated in the presence of HCIO4 and NaCl. The observed rate of oxidation is first-order with respect to oxidation (NCN) and fractional-order with respect to cyclohexanol. A decrease in dielectric constant of the medium increases the rate. Addition of nicotinamide (NA), the reduction product of NCN, has a retarding effect an the rate of oxidation. Arrhenius and activation parameters are calculated. Kinetics of bromination1 and oxidation2,3 of saturated organic compounds by N-bromosuccinimide(NBS) have been received considerable attention. Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of amino acids by NCN has been reported in aqueous acetic acid medium, we report herein the result of similar studies on the oxidation of cyclohexanol with NCN in aqueous acetic acid medium.
Influence of Organic Amendment and Inorganic Sources in relation to Crop Yield of Ragi and Soil Characteristics
Authors: Dasar Gopal , Gajanana G. N. , Basavaraj B.
Published: June 2019

A fields experiment was conducted on a sandy clay loam soil during summer season to characterize the soil crust to alleviate soil crust with organic waste and other amendments to improve the yield. Maize residue treatment recorded significantly higher grain and straw yields, seedling emergence, reduction in the crust strength and increase in the moisture content of the crust was observed due to maize residues incorporation. Soil crust contains higher amount of finer fractions, sesquioxides, iron, dispersion ratio and lower amount of organic matter. The problem of soils crusting is common in agricultural soils under a wide range of climatic conditions. Soil crust is a hard layer formed on the surface due to impact of rain drops and subsequent drying. Though the seeds germinate below the crust, seedlings are not able to exert sufficient upward pressure to pierce through the crust resulting in pre-emergence death of seedlings, crusts are known to adversely affect seedling emergence, early growth of seedling oxygen supply, moisture iniliteration but increase erosion and run off.
Information Technology vs Environmental Health
Authors: V. Shobha S.
Published: June 2019

Personal computers (PC's), cell phones, fax machines and related electronic equipment, have become a part of modern life in developed and many developing countries. While theses devices have improved our productivity, they also have created a unique problem of disposal of the discarded electronic or e-waste. In the United States, PCs become outdates within an average period of 3-4 years. Continued technological innovations, aided by lower price of the new models, further reduce the useful life of PCs to an even shorter period. It is estimated that in the US alone, during the 10 year period. 1997-2007, an estimated 500 million PCs will become obsolete, awaiting disposal. Owing to the toxic nature of many heavy metals, organic, and inorganic compounds that go into manufacturing the computer and the monitor, their disposal in a landfill or by incineration is not a preferred option. Recyclers attempt to salvage as many of the re-usable materials as possible. However, the labor-intensive process makes computer recycling cost-prohibitive in the United States. This has resulted in shipping the obsolete PCs to countries like Bangladesh, China and India. While this practice enables the domestic recycling companies to reduce the cost, it creates serious health and environmental problems for the workers in developing countries. Generally, environmental and labor laws in such countries are not very specific and even where they are, their enforcement is very lax. Such situations lead top recycling crews working in makeshift factories with hardly any provisions to protect them from exposure to hazardous substances primarily through inhalation of the toxic fumes causing cancer and other serious health problems.
Modelling for HIV Spread in Homosexual Population
Authors: Srivenkataramana T. , Nagaraja Rao C.
Published: June 2019

Statical modeling of HIV infection is useful to understand HIV spread mechanism, for predicting HIV and AIDS counts and for forecasting health care needs. This article: i. stresses the need for modeling of HIV and AIDS . ii. discusses the appropriateness of a stochastic mode for HIV transmission and iii. examines the applicability of diffusion of news and rumors model of Taga & Isli(1959), reported in Bartholomew(1967) and presents the adapted version of this model to suit HIV spread in homosexual populations. Three different cases are considered under this model.
A Simple Solution for Diophantine Equations of Second, Third and Fourth Power
Authors: Maran A. K.
Published: June 2019

We know already that the set Of positive integers, which are satisfying the Pythagoras equation Of three variables and four variables cre called Pythagorean triples and quadruples respectively. These cre Diophantine equation OF second power. The all unknowns in this Pythagorean equation have already Seen by mathematicians Euclid and Diophantine. Hcvwever the solution defined by Euclid are Diophantine is also again having unknowns. The only to solve the Diophantine equations wos and error method. Moreover, the trial and error method to obtain these values are not so practical and easy especially for time bound work, since the Diophantine equations are having more than unknown variables.
Non-Formal Methods of Chemistry Education
Authors: George Louis
Published: June 2019

From about 1980' s non•formai education became very popular in India, but the thrust from the establishment and promotions through official channels made the movement formal in operative terms. Though nan-formal was defined on paper in terms Of flexibility, openness, ease Of entry, relevance to life, creativity etc, in effect, much of what was provided under this wos sub-standard education for the poor and disadvantaged groups. Various agencies made commendable prognss in the Oi non-forrnal education in science and one Of them whick made remarkable contribution to spread the spirit Of science through a functional mass movernent is The Kerala Shastra Sahitya Parish ad.
Versatility of Herbs
Authors: K. Nivedita , Shourie Swati , Sukumaran Shwetha , Antony P. U. , Vinay Prathiba
Published: June 2019

TO create an awareness among people, promoting medicinai plants for health care, conservation and sustainable utilization of plants.
Geometric Circular Graphs
Authors: Huilgol, Medha
Published: June 2019

In this paper we study a class of graphs,which resemble a Circle in a plane in terms of diameter and radius.We introduce the term "Geometric Circular Graphs" for those graphs whose diameter is equal to twice the radius of the graph.Here we have studied some properties of geometric circular graphs.Also we have found some bounds in terms of the number of edges.
Biomaterials the Boon of Modern Technology - A Glimpse
Authors: Maddi Priyadarshini P.
Published: June 2019

'Biomaterials' are synthetic materials deployed to restore function to a body part that has been adversely affected. They are continuously or intermittently in contact With the body fluids. These materials are basically used to replace hard or soft tissues that have suffered damage due io some Tissues ond organs the body, do serve for a period in one's lifespan, in most people-
How the Current Paradigm Shift is Changing Our Understanding of Ethics
Authors: Sisk Chet W
Published: June 2019

In this paper I will share the evidence of a world-wide so-cio-spiritual paradigm shift in our basic belief systems. This shift is leading to a realignment of our ethical ap-proach to common questions and requires a different col-lective approach in navigating the subject of ethics. I will also share what those different collective approaches can look like.