bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fake Vaccine in Children and The Protection
Authors: Fitriani Evie
Published: November 2020

The development of vaccines in Indonesia is not only for adults but also for children. However, some of the vaccines for children in circulation are fake vaccines that do not provide the expected immune system. This study contains 2 problem formulations, namely: 1. Role of government. 2. Business actors' liability for losses suffered by consumers. This study used a statute approach and a conceptual approach. There are also other laws that regulate consumer protection laws regarding rights and obligations that are violated, the role of government in controlling these fake vaccines and its accountability.The result of this research is the role of government in deciding the distribution of fake vaccines in Indonesia as well as to fulfill consumer rights and business actors' responsibility for the distribution of fake vaccines and their compensation.
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DAN EARNINGS MANAGEMENTS: SUDUT PANDANG STAKEHOLDER THEORY
Authors: Tan Novi Kantasilo , Widyasari Permata ayu , Hastuti Maria Eugenia
Published: November 2020

This study aims to examine the effect of corporate social responsibility on earnings management. Earnings management, as the dependent variable, is proxied by discretionary accruals (DACC). While corporate social responsibility, as an independent variable, is measured by adjusted GRI standards. This study uses sample manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2012-2016. The number of samples used in this study amounted to 423. The findings, based on the linear regression method, indicate that corporate social responsibility has a significant negative effect on earnings management.  To conform to the result, a robustness test was performed and found a significant negative relationship between dummy corporate social responsibility and earnings management. Dummy 1 for the company which disclose CSR above average, 0 for the company disclose CSR below average. So it can be concluded that the company that focuses on corporate social responsibility has lower earnings management. For leverage, size, and ROA, as control variables, showed no significant effect on earnings management.
PENGARUH KONEKSI POLITIK, GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DAN KINERJA KEUANGAN TERHADAP TAX AVOIDANCE
Authors: Maidina Laras Putri , Wati Lela Nurlaela
Published: November 2020

The purpose of the study was to test the influence of Political Connections, Good Corporate Governance, and Financial Performance on Tax Avoidance. The research method used is a quantitative method. The study used data of 45 manufacturing companies listed Index Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2014 to 2018. Samples are taken by the purposive sampling method and which meets the criteria for sample selection. Data is processed with Version 9 Eviews software using the Generalized Least Square (GLS) method. Results show that Political Connection and Financial Performance have a positive influence on Tax Avoidance, this suggests that there are still companies that practice tax evasion. Corporate Governance has no effect on Tax Avoidance, meaning the existence of Corporate Governance is effective in attempting to prevent tax avoidance practices.
Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah dan Manajemen Kepala Sekolah terhadap Kinerja Guru
Authors: Jaliah Jaliah , Fitria Happy , Martha Alfroki
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan manajemen kepala sekolah terhadap kinerja guru. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian korelasional. Populasi penelitian ini sebanyak 99 orang guru PNS dari SMP negeri 7 Prabumulih, SMP negeri 8 Prabumulih, dan SMP negeri 12 Prabumulih. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket. Data dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis korelasi dan regresi ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) kepemimpinan kepala sekolah berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja guru, (2) manajemen kepala sekolah mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kinerja guru, (3) motivasi kerja dan manajemen kepala sekolah mempunyai pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja guru di SMP Negeri Prabumulih
Role of Planning in Modernization Development: Evidence of the Republic of Korea
Authors: Rassadina Alla
Published: November 2020

Active application of modern digital technologies is impossible without creating high technological basis for Russia’s economy, capable of effective implementation of such technologies. These processes assume the implementation of radical structural and technological modernization conversions applying different planning methods within the framework of state industrial policy. The most expressed forms of planning have been used by developed and «catching-up» economies primarily during radical modernization reforms. In this context, appealing to overseas planning experience seems to be of great interest. On the basis of foreign experts’ estimates, the author analyses the main directions in planning during the period of accelerated industrial-technological transformation in South Korea in the context of its possible use in Russia’s technological modernization. The experience of planning in South Korea is of special interest because it demonstrates the transformation in planning functions and methods according to the changes in socio-economic situation in the country and modernization goals set by the Government at different stages of development.
The Influence of Audit Outcomes on the Value of Shares of Russian Companies
Authors: Nazarova Varvara , Fedorova Anna
Published: November 2020

The aim of this study is to assess the impact of audit reports issuance on the value of public corporations' shares on the Russian stock market. The practical significance and relevance are due to the increasing role of audit in the financial market and the lack of such studies in the domestic literature. The study is based on the market model and Event Study. The research evaluates the reaction of Russian stock market to publication of audit reports containing various types of audit opinions and takes into account the relation of auditor to the Big4 group. The findings show that the Russian stock market reacts to the release of audit reports very chaotically; the market reacts negatively to the opinions with reservation issued by a Big4 auditor, and also negatively responds to unmodified opinions issued by an auditor of a non- Big4 organization; the market reaction is the opposite for identical types of opinions issued by different types of auditors.
Evaluation of the Floodplain Farming of the Settlements of Nagykunság Based on the First Cadastral Survey
Authors: Rózsa Sándor
Published: November 2020

River control was perhaps the most significant form of anthropogenic environmental intervention in the Carpathian Basin, and in recent decades it has been the focus of considerable attention in the scientific community. However, in order to be able to evaluate this intervention, we need to know more about the floodplain management before the river regulations. In this essay, I provide data concerning the eighteenth-century floodplain management, on the basis of the first cadastral survey documents. According to Klára Dóka and other researchers, the settlements of the region along the Tisza River were in crisis in the early nineteenth century because the floodplain farming system was not adequate to sustain the growing population. However, they based this conclusion on sources concerning population growth, and they did not substantiate their essential contention concerning overpopulation with accurate data on production and consumption. I have sought to determine whether there really was an overpopulation crisis in Nagykunság at the end of the eighteenth century. The main question concerns the relationship between production and needs. The next question is whether the farmers had excess grain which they could take to markets. In other words, was the floodplain farming system profitable? My research constitutes a contribution to the debate between Bertalan Andrásfalvy and Miklós Szilágyi on floodplain management. The first cadastral survey documents contain detailed and reliable data on the management of the settlements, and I contend that they are more accurate and useful than the tax censuses which were compiled at the same time. The first step in the research was to establish the average annual consumption of the population. According to the data of the cadastral survey, production exceeded the needs of the population in each settlement, and the value of the production surplus covered the tax burdens. Wheat had a marketable share of the yield, come to 30–40 percent of the total. Assuming that livestock breeding was even more advantageous, one could contend that the floodplain farming system was profitable. However, natural resources are distributed disproportionately as a result of property relations. In Nagykunság, this found its most dramatic embodiment in the redemptus-irredemptus contrast. There were several events in the late eighteenth century, such as the construction of the Mirhó dam and migration to Bácska, on the basis of which researchers have inferred that the floodplain farming system was in crisis, but the cadastral survey suggests otherwise.
pandemia: la globalización, el rol del Estado y de los regímenes internacionales
Authors: Deustua Caravedo Alejandro
Published: November 2020

La crisis generada por la pandemia y la crisis económica consecuente evidencia la centralidad de la acción del Estado en la confrontación de estas amenazas globales así como su rol superior en el desempeño de los organismos internacionales correspondientes. Ello indica que el multilateralismo depende de estas unidades políticas y no al revés todavía. La crisis también evidencia la necesidad de reformar la mayoría de los regímenes internacionales involucrados en su confrontación para fortalecer sus funciones y ampliarlas sin implicar reformas integrales de ellos. Además, la naturaleza global de la pandemia ha evidenciado la importancia de la geografía en su seguimiento. Como consecuencia se requiere replantear la muy ambigua definición de globalización que pretende desvincular los procesos globales de su base territorial.
ALMA Observations and Modeling of the Rotating Outflow in Orion Source I
Authors: López-Vázquez J. A. , Zapata Luis A. , Lizano Susana , Cantó Jorge
Published: November 2020

We present 29SiO(J = 8–7) ν = 0, SiS (J = 19–18) ν = 0, and 28SiO (J = 8–7) ν = 1 molecular line archive observations made with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) of the molecular outflow associated with Orion Source I. The observations show velocity asymmetries about the flow axis that are interpreted as outflow rotation. We find that the rotation velocity (∼4–8 km s−1) decreases with the vertical distance to the disk. In contrast, the cylindrical radius (∼100–300 au), the expansion velocity (∼2–15 km s−1), and the axial velocity v
z (∼−1–10 km s−1) increase with the vertical distance. The mass estimated of the molecular outflow M
outflow ∼ 0.66–1.3 M
⊙. Given a kinematic time ∼130 yr, this implies a mass-loss rate

M
⊙ yr−1. This massive outflow sets important constraints on disk wind models. We compare the observations with a model of a shell produced by the interaction between an anisotropic stellar wind and an Ulrich accretion flow that corresponds to a rotating molecular envelope in collapse. We find that the model cylindrical radii are consistent with the 29SiO(J = 8–7) ν = 0 data. The expansion velocities and the axial velocities of the model are similar to the observed values, except for the expansion velocity close to the disk (z ∼ ±150 au). Nevertheless, the rotation velocities of the model are a factor ∼3–10 lower than the observed values. We conclude that the Ulrich flow alone cannot explain the rotation observed and other possibilities should be explored, like the inclusion of the angular momentum of a disk wind.
MASTER Follow-up Observations of LIGO GW170104 Event
Authors: Lipunov V. , Kornilov V. , Gorbovskoy E. , Vlasenko D. , Tiurina N. , Gress O. , Gorbunov I. , Balanutsa P. , Pozdnyakov A. , Buckley D. , Podesta R. , Rebolo R. , Serra M. , Balakin F. , Chasovnikov A. , Topolev V. , Zhirkov K. , Kuznetsov A. , Vladimirov V. , Senik V. , Cheryasov D. , Gabovich A. , Zimnukhov D. , Kuvshinov D. , Podesta F. , Francile C. , Budnev N. , Sergienko Yu. , Tlatov A. , Grinshpun V. , Pogrosheva T. , Shumkov V. , Minkina E. , Yurkov V.
Published: November 2020

We present the results of MASTER Global Robotic Net optical observations of the LIGO GW170104 error-box during the LIGO/Virgo O2 run. We observed 3421 square degrees inside 3σ error-field. Dozens of optical transients unrelated to gravitational waves were discovered as the result of MASTER observation strategy, that we presented, including short very bright MASTER optical transients J133017.28+780951.8.
The Family of (6) Hebe
Authors: Fieber-Beyer Sherry K. , Gaffey Michael J.
Published: November 2020

The fundamental science question we address in this research concerns the evolution of asteroid families; more specifically, does asteroid (6) Hebe have a genetic family, and does this genetic family provide insight into the structure of (6) Hebe? Hebe has been identified dynamically and spectroscopically as the H-chondrite parent body. The H chondrites exhibit a range of metamorphisms suggesting deep excavation from the parent body, an event expected to form a family. Previously, several small H-type asteroids were identified near Hebe, supporting this possibility, but they were insufficient to test its existence. We initiated a limited spectroscopic investigation of 36 asteroids near Hebe between 2009 and 2018 using the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility’s SpeX instrument to test for the presence of a small dynamical family of H-chondrite composition. Of our 36 asteroid spectra, 16 were featureless, 1 contained a single absorption feature, 16 exhibited two absorption features, and 3 were deemed unusable due to poor quality. Our interpretation of asteroid spectra with two absorption features began with the extraction and interpretation of band centers and the band area ratio, which we used to determine the surface mineralogy. In this paper, we report on the nine asteroids that were determined to have an H-chondrite mineralogy. We conclude that asteroids with H-chondrite mineralogies reside on both sides of the 3:1 Kirkwood gap, and this implies that (6) Hebe does have an old-dispersed family, as well as provide spectral evidence for Bottke’s hypothesis of resonance jumping.
A new southern record of the holopelagic annelid Poeobius meseres Heath, 1930 (Flabelligeridae)
Authors: Seid Charlotte , Lindsay Dhugal , Rouse Greg
Published: November 2020

The unusual holopelagic annelid Poeobius meseres Heath, 1930 (Flabelligeridae) was first collected from Monterey Bay, California and has been subsequently recorded across the northern Pacific from Japan to the Gulf of California. Rare occurrences in the eastern tropical Pacific have extended as far as 7° S off Peru.

Using molecular phylogenetic analysis of a newly-collected specimen from the Salas y Gómez Ridge off Chile, we extend the known geographic range of P. meseres southwards by 2040 km. This subtropical specimen showed higher genetic similarity to a specimen from the type locality (< 1.5% pairwise COI distance) than to representatives from the Aleutian Islands and Japan (5-6%), establishing the first genetically-confirmed occurrence of this species in the Southern Hemisphere. The latitudinal range of P. meseres encompasses the sole collection locality, off Ecuador, of Enigma terwielii Betrem, 1925, a pelagic annelid which has been compared to P. meseres, but is indeterminable due to an inadequate description. We therefore suggest that the earlier sole record of E. terwielii may have been an occurrence of what is known now as P. meseres.
Soil invertebrates occurrences in European North-East of Russia
Authors: Konakova Tatyana , Kolesnikova Alla , Taskaeva Anastasia
Published: November 2020

The European North-East of Russia is the territory which includes the Nenets Autonomous District, represented by the East European tundra (from Kanin Peninsula to Vaigach Island), Komi Republic with its taiga ecosystems and the Urals (Northern, SubPolar and Polar). Over 20 years of systematic studies of soil fauna in the studied region has resulted in a huge amount of data being accumulated that can be analysed from different positions. Considering that the representation of Russian soil biota data, especially from European North-East of Russia in the GBIF database is not large, our data are of great interest to the scientific world community. The accumulation of such data will solve questions on national and global scales using large arrays.

This study produced a dataset containing information on occurrences on soil invertebrates (Lumbricidae, Chilopoda, Diplopda, Collembola, Elateridae and Staphylinidae) in the European North-East of Russia. The dataset summarises occurrences noted in natural and disturbed forests, tundra and mountain ecosystems.

Data from 196 geo-referenced localities of European North-East of Russia (tundra, taiga and mountains ecosystems) have been collated. A total of 5412 occurrences are included in the resource. The current project surveys 13 species of earthworms, 20 species of millipedes, 246 species of springtails, 446 species of rove beetles and 60 species of click beetles. The diversity of soil invertebrates in the European North-East of Russia has not been fully explored and further exploration will lead to more taxa.
Uptaded checklist, historical overview and illustrated guide to the stygobiont Malacostraca (Arthropoda: Crustacea) species of Yucatan (Mexico)
Authors: Angyal Dorottya , Simões Nuno , Mascaró Maite
Published: November 2020

This study provides an updated checklist and an illustrated guide to the 17 currently known stygobiont Malacostraca species of the state of Yucatan (Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico). The compilation is based on the individuals collected during our cave-diving expeditions (2016–2019), and, has the purpose of expanding previous knowledge on the taxonomy of these subterranean crustaceans. The identification guide contains drawings of the main diagnostic characters of the species as well as a brief introduction of the relevant malacostracan orders. The information is further complemented with a historic account and timeline of the stygobiont Malacostraca species of the Yucatan Peninsula. This is the first study that provides a unified tool for the morphological identification of these highly endemic species.
Revision of the Megasoma (Megasoma) gyas (Jablonsky in Herbst, 1785) species group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae)
Authors: Prandi Massimo , Grossi Paschoal C. , Vaz-de-Mello Fernando Z.
Published: November 2020

The taxa of the genusMegasomaKirby, 1825 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae) related toM. gyas(Jablonsky in Herbst, 1785) are revised. Megasoma (M.) gyas is recognized as a monotypic species restricted to the Caatinga biome of northeastern Brazil.Megasoma gyas rumbucheriFischer, 1968, is considered as a new synonym ofM. gyas. The “long-hornedM. gyas” is recognized as a separate polytypic species M. (M.) typhon (Olivier, 1789) with the nominative subspecies occurring through the Mata Atlântica biome of Brazil, from Bahia to São Paulo states and M. (M.) typhon prandii Milani, 2008 restricted to a small area in the state of Santa Catarina, South Brazil.Megasoma gyas porioniNagai is considered as a new synonym ofM. typhon typhon. The “short-hornedM. gyas” occurring in Minas Gerais, São Paulo, and southwestern Bahia, is recognized as a separate new species and described as M. (M.) hyperionsp. nov.The paper includes an historical research and the redescriptions of the other nominal species of the genus. Distribution maps and a key to species in the M. (M.) gyas species group (males and females) are also provided.
Metacognition: Implications for Instruction in Nursing Education
Authors: Worrell Pamela J
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Published research efforts devoted to metacognition in post-secondary learners are accumulating and provide a stimulating array of instructional implications and fuel for further inquiry. Faculty in disciplines such as nursing where there is concern about the decline in a number of applicants and the academic ability of entering students may find that the literature on metacognition offers guidance on assisting students to perform at a more optimal level. Like preventative health care, providing instruction on metacognitive skills is a preventative educational practice: the goal being prevention of learning deficits and failure. The purpose of this article is to provide an analysis of the construct of metacognition and describe a specific dimension of metacognition, strategic reading, useful to student nurses.
Positive Outcomes of Rapid Freeware Implementation to Replace Baccalaureate Student Clinical Experiences
Authors: Wands LisaMarie , Geller Daniel E. , Hallman Melissa
Published: November 2020

Background:

Loss of in-person clinical experiences due to the COVID-19 pandemic created the need for a rapid transition to online clinical education using virtual simulation, which has been shown to be an effective teaching–learning method. Standards of best practice for simulation provide a framework for implementation.

Method:

Using free online simulation programs, 15 faculty members offered 3-hour synchronous sessions covering 20 different topics via an online meeting platform to 42 senior nursing students. Students were invited to complete an evaluation following each session.

Results:

Students collectively logged over 1,200 hours of simulation time attending approximately 100 sessions. Postsimulation evaluations captured students' responses to sessions. Students appreciated the opportunity to review content covered in previous semesters and engaged most when simulations followed a consistent structure, were interactive, and contained visually engaging materials.

Conclusion:

Resourceful faculty responded quickly and creatively to the urgent need to transition to online clinical learning and created positive experiences for students.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2020;59(12):701–704.]
Creating Learning Scenarios for Final-Year Nursing Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Allande-Cussó Regina
Published: November 2020

Background:

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, hands-on training was suspended. It was necessary to adapt teaching methodologies for use in online environments and this represented an innovation.

Method:

A classroom experience was created and trialed from April to May 2020 in the course Practicum V of the Nursing Degree at the University of Seville. It was divided into three phases and consisted of two activities for students to complete: (a) a webinar with previous autonomous student work, and (b) the design and creation of a clinical case by students with the nursing diagnosis “00030 impaired gas exchange” as the starting premise.

Results:

The students demonstrated that they had acquired the minimum levels of knowledge and skills required in searching for the best scientific evidence and creating a clinical case.

Conclusion:

Teaching staff should design strategies for the acquisition of clinical skills by students, despite the interruption of hands-on training.[J Nurs Educ. 2020;59(12):709–713.]
Significant Disparities Exist in Consumer Health Insurance Literacy: Implications for Health Care Reform
Authors: Edward Jean , Wiggins Amanda , Young Malea Hoepf , Rayens Mary Kay
Published: November 2020

Background:

Health insurance literacy (HIL) is defined as a person's ability to seek, obtain, and understand health insurance plans, and once enrolled use their insurance to seek appropriate health care services.

Objective:

The objectives of this study were to assess sociodemographic disparities in HIL, including knowledge of health insurance terms and costs, and confidence in using insurance to access health care in a nationally representative adult sample.

Methods:

We conducted a secondary data analysis of the Health Reform Monitoring Survey, which included 15,168 adults age 18 years and older who responded to surveys in the third quarter of 2015 and first quarter of 2016. Rao-Scott chi-square tests and weighted logistic regression were used for analysis.

Key Results:

The majority of our sample (51%) reported having inadequate HIL as measured by knowledge of basic insurance terms, and close to one-half (48%) had low confidence in using their insurance to access health care. Logistic regression analysis indicated significant disparities in HIL, with multiple groups identified as being at higher risk for having inadequate HIL (as measured by both knowledge and use of health insurance). These included young adults, women, those with Hispanic ethnicity, those who were not U.S. citizens, and those who were currently unmarried. Also identified to be at risk were those who are unemployed, uninsured, and enrolled in public health insurance plans, and those with lower levels of education and income. Most had inadequate knowledge of their annual out-of-pocket costs and insurance plan's deductible amounts.

Conclusions:

One-half of U.S. adults rate themselves as having inadequate HIL. Sociodemographic disparities in self-reported HIL underscore the need for increased consumer education, as well as efforts to simplify the health care system by promoting value-based care, supporting delivery system reforms, and designing services to be responsive to consumer HIL needs and abilities.

[
HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2019;3(4):e250–e258.]

Plain Language Summary:

In a nationally representative sample of 15,168 adults, the majority had low knowledge about basic health insurance terms and had difficulty using health insurance to access needed health care services. These findings indicate that health insurance literacy is a major concern in our community that disproportionately affects some underserved groups more than others, including young adults, groups with low-income, and people who are uninsured.
System of Logical Structures in Natural Science-Oriented Curriculum and its Effect on Teaching
Authors: Bernátová Renáta , Bernát Milan , Poráčová Janka , Zahatňanská Mária , Mydlárová Blaščáková Marta , Konečná Mária , Kľučarová Andrea
Published: November 2020

The system of logical structures in natural science- (biologically-, ecologically- and physics-) oriented curriculum is defined as a set of features, which depict the main ideas of a certain topic. Basically, it is a unique model presenting the topic´s key points. Graphical representation of the curriculum logical structure can be provided (implemented) as: a) traditional printed graphic form b) computer (virtual) form. When visualizing the logical structure system of natural science curriculum (including biologically-, ecologically- and physics-oriented school subjects), we mainly use the following structural components: Word maps, Applets, Orientation graphs (transport diagrams), Development diagrams, Venn diagrams, Structurograms, Sequence diagrams and others. This research paper includes a pedagogical experiment to verify the effectiveness of teaching with the use of graphic visualization of the curriculum logical structure.
Online Cooperative Teaching Mode Based on Self-Direction Theory in Method of Sport Science Research
Authors: Chen Rongmei , Chen Siyuan
Published: November 2020

As an important indicator for measuring professional talents, the capacity for scientific research has received more and more attention. The course of Method of Sport Science Research can systematically teach students to learn the theory of scientific research, grasp professional method of scientific research and lay a foundation for cultivating scientific thought and scientific research ability of students of sports specialty. Based on the content characteristics and knowledge foundation of the course, students have not enjoyed this course very much and it has been difficult for them to understand. Besides, it is difficult to achieve good teaching effect because of poor mastery and application of knowledge after learning. On this basis, “12345” online learning mode based on self-direction theory was designed in this study. This process includes 1 thought, 2 mentalities, 3 dimensions, 4 levels and 5 steps. This theory was applied in the smart classroom of Method of Sport Science Research. The online cooperative teaching combined with network interaction technology and integrated with visual exchange technology was conducted. Besides, data analysis advantage of network platform was adopted to record the data of teacher-student interactions. Then, students’ learning was systematically understood through the interaction analysis. Finally, fuzzy C mean was integrated in the above teaching mode to conduct blended group research, implement targeted individual teaching of for Method of Sport Science Research and achieve the target interaction with students according to accuracy of big data analysis. The experimental results show that the teaching mode can fully mobilize students’ enthusiasm, stimulate their learning initiative and enhance learning efficiency.
Articular engenharia didática, clínica da atividade e ergonomia da atividade: por uma proposta de aprendizagem dos saberes do métier do professor de Francês como Língua Estrangeira
Authors: Lousada Eliane Gouvêa , Rocha Suélen Maria
Published: November 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma proposta de formação para professores de francês como língua estrangeira que articula três vertentes teóricas de base vygotskiana (Vygotski, 1934/1997, 2009): a engenharia didática, a clínica da atividade e a ergonomia da atividade. Também temos como objetivo mostrar uma análise das dificuldades dos professores a partir de suas percepções sobre elas, refletindo sobre o papel do método da autoconfrontação nesse contexto formativo. Partindo da hipótese de que a construção dos saberes do métier dos futuros profissionais não depende só de apropriação de saberes teóricos, mas, também, da busca de respostas às perguntas que se colocam na prática, concebemos um dispositivo de formação inspirado em Bulea e Bronckart (2010, 2012), no qual procuramos articular dois tipos de dimensões: a) dimensão epistêmica, em nosso caso, o trabalho com a  transmissão de saberes da didática a respeito do ensino e da aprendizagem dos gêneros textuais; b) dimensão praxiológica, que diz respeito à análise das práticas efetivas, possível, em nosso caso, com o uso de entrevistas em autoconfrontação (Clot et al., 2001) durante e após a implementação das sequências didáticas elaboradas. As análises das entrevistas evidenciaram que as percepções dos obstáculos são transformadas pelo olhar dos pares e pelo olhar do próprio professor, contribuindo para a aprendizagem dos saberes a ensinar e para ensinar (Hofstetter e Schneuwly, 2009) do métier de professor. Palavras-chave: dimensão epistêmica; dimensão praxiológica; saberes do métier.
CoCreative Roles, Agencies and Relations in Post-Anthropocene: The Real Life Gigamaps and Full-Scale Prototypes of SAAP
Authors: Davidova Marie
Published: November 2020

The gigamaps relating full-scale prototypes series in this article are synthesising a work developed within the framework of Systemic Approach to Architectural Performance (SAAP) research by design field. Gigamapping serves as a tool for complexity co-designing through relations mapping and has no strict recipe (Sevaldson, 2018b). It is project and participation specific. The particularity of SAAP is that it develops theories and methods through experimental practice. SAAP involves Time-Based Eco-Systemic Co-Design that is performed by both living and non-living agents. Gigamapping is central to SAAP because it is a tool that relates the complexity within collaborative design-research processes and its co-performances. It maps and generates their relations, meaning environmental, societal and cultural aspects and processes across past, current and future habitats and edible landscapes of and across different species and other agencies involved. SAAP’s ambition is to co- and re- design these complexities. Thus, SAAP is based in full-scale prototyping related with gigamapping, both placed into ‘real life’ environments, the “real life co-design laboratories” (Author, Pánek, Pánková, 2018). SAAP is therefore considering gigamaps as well as the full-scale prototypes as ”prototypical urban interventions” that can drive extensive generative agencies across various communities (Doherty, 2005) and agents; and while doing that, across much larger systems, introducing the necessary shift towards Post-Anthropocene of bio-climatic layers of cultural landscapes, their territories and life-cycles.
Digital Technologies for Smart Agriculture
Authors: Singh Garima , Kaur Gurjit
Published: November 2020

This chapter will provide the reader with an introduction to the modern emerging technologies like cloud computing, machine learning, and artificial intelligence used in agriculture. Then a glimpse of complete crop cycle follows, including seven steps, namely crop selection, soil preparation, seed selection, seed sowing, irrigation, crop growth, fertilizing and harvesting; and how these digital technologies are helpful for the crop cycle is also explained in this chapter. The rest of the chapter will explain the merger of the modern digital technologies with the agricultural crop cycle and how the future farming will work.
Smart Soil Monitoring System for Smart Agriculture
Authors: Rani Rekha , Kaur Gurjit , Singh Prabhjot
Published: November 2020

Accurate and timely information is crucial to optimize resources. Sensors determine clay, organic matter, moisture, and nutrients of soil. Sensors at various locations are connected using different technologies. Its data will be automatically reported to cloud without any internet connection. Sensors broadcast data to local base stations (LBS) at different ranges of distances using WiFi, LPWAN, LoRa, Bluetooth, etc., and then to central base station (CBS), which is far away. Modulation, coding techniques, and line of sight keeps signal intact. Data from CBS goes to cloud for analysis, visualization, and trend analysis. This helps farmers to get frequent and real-time data without actual need of physical presence. It reduces manpower, water usage, and other costs of agriculture and has positive environmental impact. Integration with other data like weather forecasts gives more precise information. Convergence of technologies, sensors, cloud, automation, etc. without human interaction contributes to IoT.
Real-Time Crop Monitoring in Agriculture
Authors: Pahuja Sumit , Singh Garima , Singh Prabhjot
Published: November 2020

In many countries like India, farming is done using indigenous methods. Because of lack of proper knowledge in our farmers, the state of the agricultural sector becomes even more critical. Since the farming methodologies rely mostly on weather forecasts and predictions which might not be foolproof, most often the farmers incur huge losses leading to debts and mass farmer suicides. Adequate soil moisture, soil quality, air quality, and proper irrigation play a major role in the yield of crops, and hence, such factors cannot be overlooked. A major concern now is the exploding population due to which the agricultural supplies are not meeting the ever-increasing demand. The world's population is expected to cross nine billion marks by 2050 due to which the agricultural supply should increase at least by 70% to meet the requirement. To achieve this, it's necessary to monitor the plant growth at all stages starting from sowing until cultivation.
Using Drones in Smart Farming
Authors: N. Padmapriya , R. Aswini , P. Kanimozhi
Published: November 2020

Smart farming is the one area that has dependably been entrusted with giving nourishment to the world. With the consistently expanding populace, the horticultural segment needs to ensure that it copes with technology in order to build the measure of yield to meet the nourishment prerequisites of the world. To build the produce from farming, every single agrarian partner needs to accordingly get rid of customary rural practices and grasp current horticultural practices that will upset the field of agribusiness. One of these innovations that are intended to alter the field of agribusiness is the fuse of drones into cultivating. Drones can help famers in a range of tasks from analysis and planning to the real planting of yields and the ensuing observing of fields to find out wellbeing and development. This aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of how drones can help take agriculture to new sustainability heights.
Artificial Intelligence in Integrated Pest Management
Authors: Demirel Mert , Kumral Nabi Alper
Published: November 2020

Climate change, the increase in the international exchange of infested materials, and pest control problems cause unpredictable pest outbreaks faced by farmers. To overcome these problems, a sustainable pest control tactic, integrated pest management (IPM), which is providing the effective use of natural resources, is needed. IPM is an ecologically based control management strategy that considers all factors (i.e., natural enemies, economic thresholds, plant susceptibility and breeding factors, pest biology, and climatic conditions). In IPM, expert staff constitutes the essential element. The expert plays a role in system design, monitoring ecological factors, and decision-making mechanisms. For sustainable pest management, it is possible to perform the routine processes such as monitoring biological and environmental components and choosing the appropriate time and method through artificial intelligence. In this chapter, the use of artificial intelligence in IPM and information about algorithms, tools, methods used in artificial intelligence will be explained.
Application of Convoluted Neural Network and Its Architectures for Fungal Plant Disease Detection
Authors: Bhargavi K. , Sathish Babu B.
Published: November 2020

Eighty-five percent of the plants are affected by diseases caused by organisms like fungus, bacteria, and virus, which devastate the natural ecosystem. The most common clues provided by the plants affected by fungal diseases are defaming of the plant color. In literature, several traditional rule-based algorithms and normal image processing techniques are used to identify the fungal plant diseases. However, the traditional approach suffers from poor disease identification accuracy. Convoluted neural network (CNN) is one of the potential deep learning neural networks used for image recognition and classification in plant pathology. In this chapter, some of the potential CNN architectures used for plant disease detection like LeNet, AlexNet, VGGNet, GoogLeNet, ResNet, and ZFnet are discussed with the architecture and advantages. The efficiencies achieved by ResNet and ZFNet are found to be good in terms of accuracy and error rate.
Building a Sustainable Food Supply Chain and Managing Food Losses
Authors: Gunarathne A D Nuwan , Navaratne D. G. , Gunaratne M. L. S. , Pakianathan Amanda Erasha , Perera Yasasi Tharindra
Published: November 2020

With the unprecedented growth in the world's population, the supply of food has already become a major global challenge. The world food crisis highlights a large quantity of food going waste or lost due to many unsustainable practices in the food supply chain. This chapter provides a conceptual model to build a sustainable food supply chain while minimizing the food waste that occurs at different stages. By incorporating stakeholder management and other behavioral aspects while at the same time following a continuous improvement cycle, the model deviates from other techno-oriented or fragmented guidelines available on the subject. For the purpose of better understanding or providing practical applications, real-life case studies are also presented. Hence, the model provides useful guidelines for business organizations and other actors in the food supply chain to incorporate sustainability while minimizing environmental, social, and economic impacts of food losses/waste.
Perishable Goods Supply Cold Chain Management in India
Authors: Bharti Anju , Mittal Arun
Published: November 2020

India has seen a phenomenal growth and occupies the top three positions in production from last decades in production of horticulture produce, dairy and meat products over the last decade. But at present, India's share in global farm trade is still very small even with such large production volumes. This is mainly caused due to lack of cold chain infrastructure which includes both storage and transportation facilities. The cold chain industry in India is still at a nascent stage and despite large production of perishables, the cold chain potential still remain untapped due to high share of single commodity cold storage, high initial investment (for refrigerator units and land), lack of enabling infrastructure like power & roads, lack of awareness for handling perishable produce and lapse of service either by the storage provider or the transporter leading to poor quality produce. Cold chain systems are crucial to the growth of global trade in perishable products and to the worldwide availability of food and health supplies.
Food Waste Reduction Towards Food Sector Sustainability
Authors: Lagioia Giovanni , Amicarelli Vera , Gallucci Teodoro , Bux Christian
Published: November 2020

FAO estimates on average more than 1.3 billion tons of food loss and waste (FLW) along the whole food supply chain (equivalent to one-third of total food production) of which more than 670 million tons in developed countries and approximately 630 million tons in developing ones, showing wide differences between countries. In particular, EU data estimates an amount of more than 85 million tons of FLW, equal to approximately 20% of total food production. This research presents two main goals. First, to review the magnitude of FLW at a global and European level and its environmental, social and economic implications. Second, use Material Flow Analysis (MFA) to support and improve FLW management and its application in an Italian potato industry case study. According to the case study presented, MFA has demonstrated the advantages of tracking input and output to prevent FLW and how they provide economic, social, and environmental opportunities.
Disrupting Agriculture
Authors: El-Gayar Omar F. , Ofori Martinson Q.
Published: November 2020

The United Nations (UN) Food and Agriculture (FAO) estimates that farmers will need to produce about 70% more food by 2050. To accommodate the growing demand, the agricultural industry has grown from labor-intensive to smart agriculture, or Agriculture 4.0, which includes farm equipment that are enhanced using autonomous unmanned decision systems (robotics), big data, and artificial intelligence. In this chapter, the authors conduct a systematic review focusing on big data and artificial intelligence in agriculture. To further guide the literature review process and organize the findings, they devise a framework based on extant literature. The framework is aimed to capture key aspects of agricultural processes, supporting supply chain, key stakeholders with a particular emphasis on the potential, drivers, and challenges of big data and artificial intelligence. They discuss how this new paradigm may be shaped differently depending on context, namely developed and developing countries.
New Approaches to Agricultural Production Management in the Arctic
Authors: Guz Mykhailo
Published: November 2020

Organic agriculture is a promising form of management in which the preservation of the natural foundations of life and natural processes is the determining factor in ensuring food security and sustainable development. Until recently, organic farming has been considered as something related to the traditional regions of agricultural production. However, raising food security issues make people look for new opportunities even in the severe conditions of the polar regions. In the High North, food security issues are complemented by specific challenges: climate, fragile environment, remoteness, and way of life of indigenous people. In the chapter, the author discusses the potential of organic farming as a solution to the food insecurity problem in the northern areas. The approaches to organic production management and establishment and running of an organic farm are studied. The author concludes that a green turn to more organic farming is a promising step towards food security and sustainable development of rural areas in the Arctic.
Farm Security for Food Security
Authors: Isaac Wendy-Ann , Ganpat Wayne , Joseph Michael
Published: November 2020

Agricultural production in the Caribbean is being threatened by many factors such as decreasing availability of arable land, climate change effects such as increased incidences of flooding and drought, labour shortages, and competition from importers. However, one of the most important threats to agricultural production is the often under-recognised and under-reported area of farm theft (referred to as praedial larceny in the Caribbean). It involves the theft of agricultural produce (crops, livestock and fisheries) and farm equipment. One of the main reasons why this threat is so important is that theft of this type is very hard to prove. If indeed perpetrators are caught, and prosecuted successfully, the penalty is practically negligible. This paper examines the current status of farm theft in the Caribbean region, explores some of the main factors influencing farm theft, reviews some of the strategies attempted in the Caribbean and other places around the world and makes several suggestions to create a more secure food region. While the discussion calls on food producers to take several best practice actions to mitigate losses to praedial larceny, it emphasises that the primary responsibility is with government-led actions in the areas of modernised policies, updated laws and enhanced enforcement efforts.
Re-Thinking Meat
Authors: Anhang Jeff
Published: November 2020

This chapter describes how among vegetarian, vegan and animal advocates, it has been a common practice for many decades to cede the terms “meat” to livestock producers, and to ask people to sacrifice meat. Yet during those decades, global consumption of livestock products has exploded. People have often overlooked the fact that “meat” has been defined for centuries as an essential food that includes vegan versions, and plant-based meat has always been framed as equivalent or superior to animal-based meat. In fact, replacing animal-based foods with better alternatives is said to be the only pragmatic way to stop climate change quickly as needed. However, it is unlikely to happen through efforts to reduce meat consumption. It is much more likely to happen through efforts to disrupt meat production and consumption by making and marketing meat and other foods directly from plants.
Utilizing Specially Designed, Instructional Evidence-Based Practices and Family Engagement
Authors: Wallace Brandon C. S. , Abel Yolanda
Published: November 2020

Special education has the enhanced capacity to address digital literacies and storytelling, especially as parents become instrumental in the delivery of education through technology. While increasing digital opportunities for interventions and supports for students with learning exceptionalities must be a focus and consideration to improve students' outcomes, there still must be a certain level of sense-making for parents and legal guardians—particularly to strengthen student outcomes. Special educators are well positioned to help lead the work of transforming the relationships between themselves and parents. This chapter briefly explores the history of special education and race, family engagement, evidence-based practices, and opportunities to ensure that special educators help create conversations that lead to actionable opportunities to enhance and improve parent implemented interventions to incorporate families of color in the implementation of digital literacies and digitized platforms of teaching and learning.