bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proteomic analysis of lymphoblastoid cell lines from schizophrenic patients
Authors: Yoshimi Akira , Yamada Shinnosuke , Kunimoto Shohko , Aleksic Branko , Hirakawa Akihiro , Ohashi Mitsuki , Matsumoto Yurie , Hada Kazuhiro , Itoh Norimichi , Arioka Yuko , Kimura Hiroki , Kushima Itaru , Nakamura Yukako , Shiino Tomoko , Mori Daisuke , Tanaka Satoshi , Hamada Shuko , Noda Yukihiro , Nagai Taku , Yamada Kiyofumi , Ozaki Norio
Published: April 2019

Although a number of studies have identified several convincing candidate genes or molecules, the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SCZ) has not been completely elucidated. Therapeutic optimization based on pathophysiology should be performed as early as possible to improve functional outcomes and prognosis; to detect useful biomarkers for SCZ, which reflect pathophysiology and can be utilized for timely diagnosis and effective therapy. To explore biomarkers for SCZ, we employed fluorescence two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) of lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) [1st sample set: 30 SCZ and 30 control subjects (CON)]. Differentially expressed protein spots were sequenced by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and identified proteins were confirmed by western blotting (WB) (1st and 2nd sample set: 60 SCZ and 60 CON). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify an optimal combination of biomarkers to create a prediction model for SCZ. Twenty protein spots were differentially expressed between SCZ and CON in 2D-DIGE analysis and 22 unique proteins were identified by LC-MS/MS. Differential expression of eight of 22 proteins was confirmed by WB. Among the eight candidate proteins (HSPA4L, MX1, GLRX3, UROD, MAPRE1, TBCB, IGHM, and GART), we successfully constructed logistic regression models comprised of 4- and 6-markers with good discriminative ability between SCZ and CON. In both WB and gene expression analysis of LCL, MX1 showed reproducibly significant associations. Moreover,Mx1and its related proinflamatory genes (Mx2,Il1b, andTnf) were also up-regulated in poly I:C-treated mice. Differentially expressed proteins might be associated with molecular pathophysiology of SCZ, including dysregulation of immunological reactions and potentially provide diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
Connexin 43 hemichannels protect bone loss during estrogen deficiency
Authors: Ma Liang , Hua Rui , Tian Yi , Cheng Hongyun , Fajardo Roberto Jose , Pearson Joseph J. , Guda Teja , Shropshire Daniel Brian , Gu Sumin , Jiang Jean X.
Published: April 2019

Estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women is a major cause of bone loss, resulting in osteopenia, osteoporosis, and a high risk for bone fracture. Connexin 43 (Cx43) hemichannels (HCs) in osteocytes play an important role in osteocyte viability, bone formation, and remodeling. We showed here that estrogen deficiency reduced Cx43 expression and HC function. To determine if functional HCs protect osteocytes and bone loss during estrogen deficiency, we adopted an ovariectomy model in wild-type (WT) and two transgenic Cx43 mice: R76W (dominant-negative mutant inhibiting only gap junction channels) and Cx43 Δ130–136 (dominant-negative mutant compromising both gap junction channels and HCs). The bone mineral density (BMD), bone structure, and histomorphometric changes of cortical and trabecular bones after ovariectomy were investigated. Our results showed that the Δ130–136 transgenic cohort had greatly decreased vertebral trabecular bone mass compared to WT and R76W mice, associated with a significant increase in the number of apoptotic osteocyte and empty lacunae. Moreover, osteoclast surfaces in trabecular and cortical bones were increased after ovariectomy in the R76W and WT mice, respectively, but not in ∆130–136 mice. These data demonstrate that impairment of Cx43 HCs in osteocytes accelerates vertebral trabecular bone loss and increase in osteocyte apoptosis, and further suggest that Cx43 HCs in osteocytes protect trabecular bone against catabolic effects due to estrogen deficiency.
Comparison of Deep Learning Approaches for Multi-Label Chest X-Ray Classification
Authors: Baltruschat Ivo M. , Nickisch Hannes , Grass Michael , Knopp Tobias , Saalbach Axel
Published: April 2019

The increased availability of labeled X-ray image archives (e.g. ChestX-ray14 dataset) has triggered a growing interest in deep learning techniques. To provide better insight into the different approaches, and their applications to chest X-ray classification, we investigate a powerful network architecture in detail: the ResNet-50. Building on prior work in this domain, we consider transfer learning with and without fine-tuning as well as the training of a dedicated X-ray network from scratch. To leverage the high spatial resolution of X-ray data, we also include an extended ResNet-50 architecture, and a network integrating non-image data (patient age, gender and acquisition type) in the classification process. In a concluding experiment, we also investigate multiple ResNet depths (i.e. ResNet-38 and ResNet-101). In a systematic evaluation, using 5-fold re-sampling and a multi-label loss function, we compare the performance of the different approaches for pathology classification by ROC statistics and analyze differences between the classifiers using rank correlation. Overall, we observe a considerable spread in the achieved performance and conclude that the X-ray-specific ResNet-38, integrating non-image data yields the best overall results. Furthermore, class activation maps are used to understand the classification process, and a detailed analysis of the impact of non-image features is provided.
Ancestral Stress Alters Lifetime Mental Health Trajectories and Cortical Neuromorphology via Epigenetic Regulation
Authors: Ambeskovic Mirela , Babenko Olena , Ilnytskyy Yaroslav , Kovalchuk Igor , Kolb Bryan , Metz Gerlinde A. S.
Published: April 2019

Experiences during early development are powerful determinants of lifetime mental health. Here we investigated if ancestral stress regulates the brain’s epigenetic memory to alter neuromorphology and emotionality in the remote F4 progeny. Pregnant female rat dams of the parental F0 generation were exposed to stress on gestational days 12–18. To generate a transgenerational stress lineage, their pregnant daughters (F1), grand-daughters (F2) and great-grand-daughters (F3) remained undisturbed. To generate a multigenerational stress lineage, pregnant dams of each generation (F1–F3) were stressed. A lineage of non-stress controls (F0–F3) was also produced. Multigenerational stress exceeded the impact of transgenerational stress by increasing anxiety-like behaviours and stress response in young and middle-aged F4 males but not females. Functional changes were accompanied by reduced spine density in the male medial prefrontal cortex with opposite effects in the orbital frontal cortex. Ancestral stress regulated cortical miR-221 and miR-26 expression and their target genes, thus downregulating ntrk2 and map1a genes in males while downregulating crh and upregulating map1a genes in females. These miRNA-dependent pathways are candidates for developmental programming of lifetime mental health. Thus, multigenerational stress in particular determines sexually dimorphic predisposition to stress vulnerability and generates a phenotype resembling symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder.
Selection of carbohydrate-active probiotics from the gut of carnivorous fish fed plant-based diets
Authors: Serra Cláudia R. , Almeida Eduarda M. , Guerreiro Inês , Santos Rafaela , Merrifield Daniel L. , Tavares Fernando , Oliva-Teles Aires , Enes Paula
Published: April 2019

The gastrointestinal microbiota plays a critical role on host health and metabolism. This is particularly important in teleost nutrition, because fish do not possess some of the necessary enzymes to cope with the dietary challenges of aquaculture production. A main difficulty within fish nutrition is its dependence on fish meal, an unsustainable commodity and a source of organic pollutants. The most obvious sustainable alternatives to fish meal are plant feedstuffs, but their nutritive value is limited by the presence of high levels of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), which are not metabolized by fish. The composition of fish-gut microbial communities have been demonstrated to adapt when the host is fed different ingredients. Thus, we hypothesized that a selective pressure of plant-based diets on fish gut microbiota, could be a beneficial strategy for an enrichment of bacteria with a secretome able to mobilize dietary NSP. By targeting bacterial sporulating isolates with diverse carbohydrase activities from the gut of European sea bass, we have obtained isolates with high probiotic potential. By inferring the adaptive fitness to the fish gut and the amenability to industrial processing, we identified the best two candidates to become industrially valuable probiotics. This potential was confirmed in vivo, since one of the select isolates lead to a better growth and feed utilization efficiency in fish fed probiotic-supplemented plant-based diets, thus contributing for sustainable and more cost-effective aquaculture practices.
Muscle nonshivering thermogenesis in a feral mammal
Authors: Nowack Julia , Vetter Sebastian G. , Stalder Gabrielle , Painer Johanna , Kral Maria , Smith Steve , Le Minh Hien , Jurcevic Perica , Bieber Claudia , Arnold Walter , Ruf Thomas
Published: April 2019

Muscle nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) was recently suggested to play an important role in thermoregulation of species lacking brown adipose tissue (BAT). The mechanism, which is independent of muscle contractions, produces heat based on the activity of an ATPase pump in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SERCA1a) and is controlled by the protein sarcolipin. To evaluate whether muscle NST could indeed play an important role in thermoregulation in species lacking BAT, we investigated the thermogenic capacities of newborn wild boar piglets. During cold exposure over the first 5 days of life, total heat production was improved while shivering intensity decreased, indicating an increasing contribution of NST. Sampling skeletal muscle tissue for analyses of SERCA activity as well as gene expression of SERCA1a and sarcolipin, we found an age-related increase in all three variables as well as in body temperature. Hence, the improved thermogenesis during the development of wild boars is not due to shivering but explained by the observed increase in SERCA activity. Our results suggest that muscle NST may be the primary mechanism of heat production during cold stress in large mammals lacking BAT, strengthening the hypothesis that muscle NST has likely played an important role in the evolution of endothermy.
Limbic-visual attenuation to crying faces underlies neglectful mothering
Authors: León Inmaculada , Rodrigo María José , El-Deredy Wael , Modroño Cristián , Hernández-Cabrera Juan Andrés , Quiñones Ileana
Published: April 2019

Neglectful mothering is one of the most common forms of childhood maltreatment, involving a severe disregard of the child’s needs, yet little is known about its neural substrate. A child’s needs are usually conveyed by signals of distress revealed by crying faces. We tested whether infant and adult crying faces are processed differently in two sociodemographically similar groups of Neglectful (NM) and non-neglectful Control Mothers (CM). We used functional brain imaging to analyze the BOLD response from 43 mothers (23 neglectful and 20 control) while viewing faces from infants and adults (crying and neutral). In NM as compared to CM, the BOLD responses to both infant and adult crying faces were significantly reduced in the cerebellum, lingual, fusiform, amygdala, hippocampus, parahippocampus, and inferior frontal gyrus. The reduced BOLD was also modulated by comorbid psychiatric symptoms. In the CM, frontal activation to infant versus adult crying faces was enhanced, whereas in the NM activation in the anterior cingulate cortex to infant crying was reduced compared to adult crying. The altered neural response to crying faces in NM, showing generic face and infant-specific face processing deficits, could underlie their characteristic poor social abilities as well as their poor response to infant needs, both affecting the caregiving role.
Haematological traits co-vary with migratory status, altitude and energy expenditure: a phylogenetic, comparative analysis
Authors: Yap Kang Nian , Tsai Olivia Hsin-I , Williams Tony D.
Published: April 2019

Aerobic capacity is assumed to be a main predictor of workload ability and haematocrit (Hct) and haemoglobin (Hb) have been suggested as key determinants of aerobic performance. Intraspecific studies have reported increases in Hct and Hb in response to increased workload. Furthermore, Hct and Hb vary markedly among individuals and throughout the annual cycle in free-living birds and it has been suggested that this variation reflects adaptive modulation of these traits to meet seasonal changes in energy demands. We used a comparative dataset of haematological traits, measures of metabolic rate (57 species), and life-history traits (160 species) to test several hypotheses for adaptive variation in haematology in relation to migration and altitude. We then extended these general ideas to test relationships between Hct and basal metabolic rate, daily energy expenditure and activity energy expenditure, using the 57 species that we have metabolic rate information for. We found that at the interspecific level, full migrants have higher Hct and Hb than partial migrants and non-migrants, and that altitude is positively correlated with Hb but not Hct. Hct is positively associated with activity energy expenditure (energy spent specifically on costly activities), suggesting that haematological traits could be adaptively modulated based on life-history traits and that Hct is a potential physiological mediator of energetic constraint.
Porous hollow CoInOx nanocubes as a highly efficient catalyst for the catalytic combustion of toluene
Authors: Dong Fang , Han Weiliang , Zhao Haijun , Zhang Guodong , Tang Zhicheng
Published: April 2019

Porous hollow HC-CoInOx nanocubes were synthesized via a SiO2 template strategy involving a cobalt-based metal–organic framework derived from a Prussian Blue analogue.
Surface chemistry of tube-in-tube nanostructured cuprous sulfide@void@carbon in catalytical polysulfide conversion
Authors: Cao Bokai , Huang Jiangtao , Zhao Fangyuan , Mo Yan , Chen Yong , Fang Haitao
Published: April 2019

Tube-in-tube nanostructured Cu2S@void@C with a superficial CuO layer is able to enhance the electrochemical kinetics of sulfur cathodes.
A fluorescent probe for Cd2+ detection based on the aggregation-induced emission enhancement of aqueous Zn–Ag–In–S quantum dots
Authors: Wei Chang , Wei Xian , Hu Zhe , Yang Dan , Mei Shiliang , Zhang Guilin , Su Danlu , Zhang Wanlu , Guo Ruiqian
Published: April 2019

A sensitive and selective fluorescent probe for the cadmium ion (Cd2+) was developed based on the aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) of Zn–Ag–In–S quantum dots (ZAIS QDs).
A composite of single-crystalline Bi2WO6 and polycrystalline BiOCl with a high percentage of exposed (00l) facets for highly efficient photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants
Authors: Yang Qing , Luo Maolan , Liu Kewei , Cao Hongmei , Yan Hongjian
Published: April 2019

A composite of single-crystalline Bi2WO6 and polycrystalline BiOCl with a high percentage of exposed (00l) facets was fabricated by the molten salt method (MSM) in the presence of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
Delayed vibrational modulation of the solvated GFP chromophore into a conical intersection
Authors: Taylor Miles A. , Zhu Liangdong , Rozanov Nikita D. , Stout Kenneth T. , Chen Cheng , Fang Chong
Published: April 2019

Upon photoexcitation, a delayed structural bending motion facilitates the “dark” GFP chromophore ring-twisting isomerization in reaching a conical intersection in solution.
Design and synthesis of Ga-doped ZSM-22 zeolites as highly selective and stable catalysts forn-dodecane isomerization
Authors: Liu Suyao , He Yurong , Zhang Huaike , Chen Zhiqiang , Lv Enjing , Ren Jie , Yun Yifeng , Wen Xiaodong , Li Yong-Wang
Published: April 2019

Ga-Doped ZSM-22 zeolites were synthesized successfullyviaa hydrothermal method and exhibited better catalytic performance inn-dodecane isomerization.
Cleavage of acyclic diaminocarbene ligands at an iridium(iii) center. Recognition of a new reactivity mode for carbene ligands
Authors: Kinzhalov Mikhail A. , Eremina Anzhelika A. , Smirnov Andrey S. , Suslonov Vitalii V. , Kukushkin Vadim Yu. , Luzyanin Konstantin V.
Published: April 2019

A new reactivity mode for acyclic diaminocarbene ligands, viz. competitive cleavage of either C–NH2 or C–NHR bonds in the aminocarbene fragment, is recognized.
Adsorption of tetranitromethane in zeolitic imidazolate frameworks yields energetic materials
Authors: Kent Rosalyn V. , Vaid Thomas P. , Boissonnault Jake A. , Matzger Adam J.
Published: April 2019

Absorption of tetranitromethane in the zeolitic imidazolate frameworks ZIF-8 and ZIF-70 is a facile route to borderline primary/secondary explosives that contain no toxic heavy metals.
Dinuclear ruthenium acetylide complexes with diethynylated anthrahydroquinone and anthraquinone frameworks: a multi-stimuli-responsive organometallic switch
Authors: Oyama Yousuke , Kawano Reo , Tanaka Yuya , Akita Munetaka
Published: April 2019

The organometallic AcAHQ/AQ-Ru system turns out to be an effective redox and pH stimuli triggered bimodal molecular switch.
Effect of bulky substituents in the donor and acceptor terminal groups on solvatochromism of Brooker's merocyanine
Authors: Kulinich Andrii V. , Kurdyukov Vladimir V. , Ishchenko Alexander A.
Published: April 2019

Comparison of spectral properties of stilbazolium dyes in various solvents has exposed the influence of electrophilic and nucleophilic solvation on their solvatochromism.
Ultra-fast self-healing PVA organogels based on dynamic covalent chemistry for dye selective adsorption
Authors: Ren Shujing , Sun Panpan , Wu Aoli , Sun Na , Sun Lixin , Dong Bin , Zheng Liqiang
Published: April 2019

Organogels can repair the damage rapidly, and the relative xerogels can adsorb methylene blue with high efficiency.
Water-soluble and highly emissive near-infrared nano-probes by co-assembly of ionic amphiphiles: towards application in cell imaging
Authors: Xing Yuzhi , Li Dahua , Dong Bin , Wang Xiaocheng , Wu Chengfeng , Ding Lan , Zhou Shixin , Fan Jian , Song Bo
Published: April 2019

Highly emissive near-infrared nano-emitters formed by co-assembly of ionic amphiphiles were applicable in cell imaging.
Three-dimensional electroactive ZnO nanomesh directly derived from hierarchically self-assembled block copolymer thin films
Authors: Subramanian Ashwanth , Doerk Gregory , Kisslinger Kim , Yi Daniel H. , Grubbs Robert B. , Nam Chang-Yong
Published: April 2019

Optoelectrically functional 3D ZnO nanomeshes are synthesized via vapor-phase material infiltration into hierarchically self-assembled block copolymer thin films.
Tumor targeted micellar nanocarriers assembled from epipodophyllotoxin-based amphiphiles
Authors: Alliot Julien , Theodorou Ioanna , Nguyen Dinh-Vu , Forier Cynthia , Ducongé Frédéric , Gravel Edmond , Doris Eric
Published: April 2019

Micelle-forming amphiphilic epipodophyllotoxin conjugates were synthesized and evaluated in vivo for their tumor targeting properties.
Efficient light harvesting with a nanostructured organic electron-transporting layer in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wan Li , Zhang Wenxiao , Wu Yulei , Li Xiaodong , Song Changjian , He Ying , Zhang Wenjun , Fang Junfeng
Published: April 2019

A nanostructured electron-transporting layer based on PFPDI was introduced into inverted perovskite solar cells. The light-harvesting efficiency and the short-circuit current density were greatly improved.
β-Glucuronidase triggers extracellular MMAE release from an integrin-targeted conjugate
Authors: López Rivas Paula , Müller Christoph , Breunig Christian , Hechler Torsten , Pahl Andreas , Arosio Daniela , Belvisi Laura , Pignataro Luca , Dal Corso Alberto , Gennari Cesare
Published: April 2019

A non-internalizing conjugate targeting αvβ3 integrin inhibits the proliferation of integrin-expressing cancer cells in the presence of β-glucuronidase.
Highly fluorescent, color tunable and magnetic quaternary Ag–In–Mn–Zn–S quantum dots
Authors: Galiyeva Perizat , Alem Halima , Rinnert Hervé , Balan Lavinia , Blanchard Sébastien , Medjahdi Ghouti , Uralbekov Bolat , Schneider Raphaël
Published: April 2019

We report a simple and effective synthesis of Mn : AIZS quantum dots exhibiting color-tunable photoluminescence emission and magnetic properties.
Sarcoglaucins A-I, new antifouling cembrane-type diterpenes from the South China Sea soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum
Authors: Zhang Jing , Tang Xuli , Han Xiao , Feng Danqing , Luo Xiangchao , Ofwegen Leen van , Li Pinglin , Li Guoqiang
Published: April 2019

Nine new cembrane diterpenes, named sarcoglaucins A-I (1–9) along with three known analogues, trochelioid (10), 7α-hydroxy-Δ8(19)-deepoxysarcophine (11), and (−)-sartrochine (12), were isolated from the soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum collected at Xisha Islands in the South China Sea.
Diastereodivergent construction of bispiro[oxindole-bi-pyrrolidine]s with four consecutive stereocentersviaasymmetric [3 + 2] cycloaddition of 2,3-dioxopyrrolidines using identical catalysts
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyun , Xiong Jiale , An Junkai , Yu Jicong , Zhu Liping , Feng Xing , Jiang Xianxing
Published: April 2019

The diastereodivergent asymmetric [3 + 2] cycloaddition ofN-2,2,2-trifluoroethylisatin ketimines with the identical catalysts was firstly performed, which leads to two diastereomeric bispiro[oxindole-bi-pyrrolidine]s.
Integrating TADF luminogens with AIE characteristics using a novel acridine–carbazole hybrid as donor for high-performance and low efficiency roll-off OLEDs
Authors: Zhang Qing , Sun Shuaiqiang , Liu Wei , Leng Panpan , Lv Xialei , Wang Yaxiong , Chen Hongting , Ye Shaofeng , Zhuang Shaoqing , Wang Lei
Published: April 2019

A novel acridine–carbazole hybrid donor (34AcCz: 13,13-dimethyl-8-phenyl-8,13-dihydro-5H-indolo[3,2-a]acridine) was formed from two sophisticated donors of dimethyl acridine (DMAc) and carbazole (Cz).
Preparation of soft somatosensory-detecting materials via selective laser sintering
Authors: Wei Siqi , Zhang Lijing , Li Chong , Tao Shengyang , Ding Baojun , Zhu Huichao , Xia Shufeng
Published: April 2019

Soft somatosensory-detecting films are fabricated by a rapid, facile and solvent-free laser sintering strategy.
Enhanced up-conversion luminescence and optical temperature sensing in graphitic C3N4 quantum dots grafted with BaWO4:Yb3+,Er3+ phosphors
Authors: Xu Lifei , Liu Jiaqiang , Pei Liu , Xu Yan , Xia Zhiguo
Published: April 2019

An up-conversion material obtained from graphitic C3N4 quantum dots grafted with BaWO4:Yb3+,Er3+ has been investigated as an optical thermometer.
Synergistic tuning of the optical and electrical performance of AIEgens with a hybridized local and charge-transfer excited state
Authors: Zhang Han , Zeng Jiajie , Luo Wenwen , Wu Haozhong , Zeng Cheng , Zhang Kexin , Feng Weiqiang , Wang Zhiming , Zhao Zujin , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: April 2019

Combining HLCT and AIE characteristics, six phenanthroimidazole derivatives were designed with different patterns for high-efficiency non-doped OLEDs.
Polarimetric imaging of circumstellar disks
Authors: Heikamp S. , Keller C. U.
Published: April 2019

Context. Polarimetric images of circumstellar environments, even when corrected with adaptive optics, have a limited angular resolution. Finite resolution greatly affects polarimetric images because of the canceling of adjacent polarization signals with opposite signs. In radio astronomy this effect is called beam depolarization and is well known. However, radio techniques to mitigate beam depolarization are not directly applicable to optical images as a consequence of the inherent lack of phase information at optical wavelengths.

Aims. We explore the effects of a finite point-spread function (PSF) on polarimetric images and the application of Richardson-Lucy deconvolution to polarimetric images.

Methods. We simulated polarimetric images of highly simplified, circumstellar disk models and convolved these with simulated and actual SPHERE/ZIMPOL PSFs. We attempted to deconvolve simulated images in orthogonal linear polarizations and polarized intensity images.

Results. The most significant effect of finite angular resolution is the loss of polarimetric signal close to the central star where large polarization signals of opposite signs average out. The finite angular resolution can also introduce polarized light in areas beyond the original, polarized signal such as outside of disks. These effects are particularly severe for disks that are not rotationally symmetric. The deconvolution of polarimetric images is far from trivial. Richardson-Lucy deconvolution applied to images in opposite linear polarization states, which are subsequently subtracted from each other, cannot recover the signal close to the star. Sources that lack rotational symmetry cannot be recovered with this deconvolution approach.
Second AGILE catalogue of gamma-ray sources
Authors: Bulgarelli A. , Fioretti V. , Parmiggiani N. , Verrecchia F. , Pittori C. , Lucarelli F. , Tavani M. , Aboudan A. , Cardillo M. , Giuliani A. , Cattaneo P. W. , Chen A. W. , Piano G. , Rappoldi A. , Baroncelli L. , Argan A. , Antonelli L. A. , Donnarumma I. , Gianotti F. , Giommi P. , Giusti M. , Longo F. , Pellizzoni A. , Pilia M. , Trifoglio M. , Trois A. , Vercellone S. , Zoli A.
Published: April 2019

Aims. We present the second AGILE–GRID catalogue (2AGL) ofγ-ray sources in the energy range 100 MeV–10 GeV.

Methods. With respect to previous AGILE–GRID catalogues, the current 2AGL catalogue is based on the first 2.3 years of science data from the AGILE mission (the so-called pointing mode) and incorporates more data and several analysis improvements, including better calibrations at the event reconstruction level, an updated model for the Galactic diffuseγ-ray emission, a refined procedure for point-like source detection, and the inclusion of a search for extendedγ-ray sources.

Results. The 2AGL catalogue includes 175 high-confidence sources (above 4σsignificance) with their location regions and spectral properties and a variability analysis with four-day light curves for the most significant. Relying on the error region of each source position, including systematic uncertainties, 122 sources are considered as positionally associated with known counterparts at different wavelengths or detected by otherγ-ray instruments. Among the identified or associated sources, 62 are active galactic nuclei (AGNs) of the blazar class. Pulsars represent the largest Galactic source class, with 41 associated pulsars, 7 of which have detected pulsation; 8 supernova remnants and 4 high-mass X-ray binaries have also been identified. A substantial number of 2AGL sources are unidentified: for 53 sources no known counterpart is found at different wavelengths. Among these sources, we discuss a subclass of 29 AGILE–GRID–onlyγ-ray sources that are not present in 1FGL, 2FGL, or 3FGL catalogues; the remaining sources are unidentified in both 2AGL and 3FGL catalogues. We also present an extension of the analysis of 2AGL sources detected in the energy range 50–100 MeV.
Super-Eddington accretion discs with advection and outflows around magnetized neutron stars
Authors: Chashkina Anna , Lipunova Galina , Abolmasov Pavel , Poutanen Juri
Published: April 2019

We present a model for a super-Eddington accretion disc around a magnetized neutron star taking into account advection of heat and the mass loss by the wind. The model is semi-analytical and predicts radial profiles of all the basic physical characteristics of the accretion disc. The magnetospheric radius is found as an eigenvalue of the problem. When the inner disc is in radiation-pressure-dominated regime but does not reach its local Eddington limit, advection is mild, and the radius of the magnetosphere depends weakly on the accretion rate. Once it approaches the local Eddington limit the disc becomes advection-dominated, and the scaling for the magnetospheric radius with the mass accretion rate is similar to the classical Alfvén relation. Allowing for the mass loss in a wind leads to an increase in the magnetospheric radius. Our model can be applied to a wide variety of magnetized neutron stars accreting close to or above their Eddington limits: ultra-luminous X-ray pulsars, Be/X-ray binaries in outbursts, and other systems. In the context of our model we discuss the observational properties of NGC 5907 X-1, the brightest ultra-luminous pulsar currently known, and NGC 300 ULX1, which is apparently a Be/X-ray binary experiencing a very bright super-Eddington outburst.
A sensitive λ 3 mm line survey of L483
Authors: Agúndez M. , Marcelino N. , Cernicharo J. , Roueff E. , Tafalla M.
Published: April 2019

An exhaustive chemical characterization of dense cores is mandatory to our understanding of chemical composition changes from a starless to a protostellar stage. However, only a few sources have had their molecular composition characterized in detail. Here we present a λ 3 mm line survey of L483, a dense core around a Class 0 protostar, which was observed with the IRAM 30 m telescope in the 80–116 GHz frequency range. We detected 71 molecules (140 including different isotopologs), most of which are present in the cold and quiescent ambient cloud according to their narrow lines (FWHM ~ 0.5 km s−1) and low rotational temperatures (≲10 K). Of particular interest among the detected molecules are the cis isomer of HCOOH, the complex organic molecules HCOOCH3, CH3OCH3, and C2H5OH, a wide variety of carbon chains, nitrogen oxides like N2O, and saturated molecules like CH3SH, in addition to eight new interstellar molecules (HCCO, HCS, HSC, NCCNH+, CNCN, NCO, H2NCO+, and NS+) whose detection has already been reported. In general, fractional molecular abundances in L483 are systematically lower than in TMC-1 (especially for carbon chains), tend to be higher than in L1544 and B1-b, and are similar to those in L1527. Apart from the overabundance of carbon chains in TMC-1, we find that L483 does not have a marked chemical differentiation with respect to starless/prestellar cores like TMC-1 and L1544, although it does chemically differentiate from Class 0 hot corino sources like IRAS 16293−2422. This fact suggests that the chemical composition of the ambient cloud of some Class 0 sources could be largely inherited from the dark cloud starless/prestellar phase. We explore the use of potential chemical evolutionary indicators, such as the HNCO/C3S, SO2/C2S, and CH3SH/C2S ratios, to trace the prestellar/protostellar transition. We also derived isotopic ratios for a variety of molecules, many of which show isotopic ratios close to the values for the local interstellar medium (remarkably all those involving 34S and 33S), while there are also several isotopic anomalies like an extreme depletion in 13C for one of the two isotopologs of c-C3H2, a drastic enrichment in 18O for SO and HNCO (SO being also largely enriched in 17O), and different abundances for the two 13C substituted species of C2H and the two 15N substituted species of N2H+. We report the first detection in space of some minor isotopologs like c-C3D. The exhaustive chemical characterization of L483 presented here, together with similar studies of other prestellar and protostellar sources, should allow us to identify the main factors that regulate the chemical composition of cores along the process of formation of low-mass protostars.
Confronting expansion distances of planetary nebulae with Gaia DR2 measurements
Authors: Schönberner D. , Steffen M.
Published: April 2019

Context. Individual distances to planetary nebulae are of the utmost relevance for our understanding of post-asymptotic giant-branch evolution because they allow a precise determination of stellar and nebular properties. Also, objects with individual distances serve as calibrators for the so-called statistical distances based on secondary nebular properties.

Aims. With independently known distances, it is possible to check empirically our understanding of the formation and evolution of planetary nebulae as suggested by existing hydrodynamical simulations.

Methods. We compared the expansion parallaxes that have recently been determined for a number of planetary nebulae with the trigonometric parallaxes provided by the Gaia Data Release 2.

Results. Except for two out of 11 nebulae, we found good agreement between the expansion and the Gaia trigonometric parallaxes without any systematic trend with distance. Therefore, the Gaia measurements also prove that the correction factors necessary to convert proper motions of shocks into Doppler velocities cannot be ignored. Rather, the size of these correction factors and their evolution with time as predicted by 1D hydrodynamical models of planetary nebulae is basically validated. These correction factors are generally greater than unity and are different for the outer shell and the inner bright rim of a planetary nebula. The Gaia measurements also confirm earlier findings that spectroscopic methods often lead to an overestimation of the distance. They also show that even modelling of the entire system of star and nebula by means of sophisticated photoionisation modelling may not always provide reliable results.

Conclusions. The Gaia measurements confirm the basic correctness of the present radiation-hydrodynamics models, which predict that both the shell and the rim of a planetary nebula are two independently expanding entities, created and driven by different physical processes, namely thermal pressure (shell) or wind interaction (rim), both of which vary differently with time.
Data-driven model of the solar corona above an active region
Authors: Warnecke J. , Peter H.
Published: April 2019

Aims. We aim to reproduce the structure of the corona above a solar active region as seen in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) using a three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (3D MHD) model.

Methods. The 3D MHD data-driven model solves the induction equation and the mass, momentum, and energy balance. To drive the system, we feed the observed evolution of the magnetic field in the photosphere of the active region AR 12139 into the bottom boundary. This creates a hot corona above the cool photosphere in a self-consistent way. We synthesize the coronal EUV emission from the densities and temperatures in the model and compare this to the actual coronal observations.

Results. We are able to reproduce the overall appearance and key features of the corona in this active region on a qualitative level. The model shows long loops, fan loops, compact loops, and diffuse emission forming at the same locations and at similar times as in the observation. Furthermore, the low-intensity contrast of the model loops in EUV matches the observations.

Conclusions. In our model the energy input into the corona is similar as in the scenarios of fieldline-braiding or flux-tube tectonics, that is, energy is transported to the corona through the driving of the vertical magnetic field by horizontal photospheric motions. The success of our model shows the central role that this process plays for the structure, dynamics, and heating of the corona.
NLTE modelling of integrated light spectra
Authors: Eitner P. , Bergemann M. , Larsen S.
Published: April 2019

Aims.We study the effects of non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) on the abundance analysis of barium, magnesium, and manganese from integrated light spectroscopy, as typically applied to the analysis of extra-galactic star clusters and galaxies. In this paper, our reference object is a synthetic simple stellar population (SSP) representing a mono-metallicα-enhanced globular cluster with the metallicity [Fe/H] = −2.0 and the age of 11 Gyr.

Methods.We used the MULTI2.3 program to compute LTE and NLTE equivalent widths of spectral lines of Mg I, Mn I, and Ba II ions, which are commonly used in abundance analyses of extra-galactic stellar populations. We used ATLAS12 model atmospheres for stellar parameters sampled from a model isochrone to represent individual stars in the model SSP. The NLTE and LTE equivalent widths calculated for the individual stars were combined to calculate the SSP NLTE corrections.

Results.We find that the NLTE abundance corrections for the integrated light spectra of the metal-poor globular cluster are significant in many cases, and often exceed 0.1 dex. In particular, LTE abundances of Mn are consistently under-estimated by 0.3 dex for all optical lines of Mn I studied in this work. On the other hand, Ba II, and Mg I lines show a strong differential effect: the NLTE abundance corrections for the individual stars and integrated light spectra are close to zero for the low-excitation lines, but they amount to − 0.15 dex for the strong high-excitation lines. Our results emphasise the need to take NLTE effects into account in the analysis of spectra of individual stars and integrated light spectra of stellar populations.
Epidemiologic Characteristics of Patients Presenting with Head Injury due to Road Traffic Accident and Factors Associated with Outcome: Experience of a Tertiary Care Center in Northern Kerala
Authors: Rajeev Mandaka , Shinihas Vattaparambil , Chauhan Pankaj
Published: April 2019

Background In India, most factors related to road traffic accident (RTA) causation and outcome go improperly documented, and database regarding RTA-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) seems inadequate. Two-wheeler drivers form the largest segment of people affected by RTA. The socioeconomic and neurologic burden, imposed by TBI due to RTAs (largely preventable), is overwhelmingly significant, especially for a developing country like India.

Materials and Methods Descriptive study involving patients, presenting to the casualty of Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, was performed, and various demographic features were analyzed. Usage of helmet and history of alcohol intake were also noted. Patients were evaluated according to their presenting Glasgow coma scale (GCS), investigated and either operated or managed conservatively, and their outcome was assessed with Glasgow outcome score (GOS) at 3 months.

Results Bike drivers formed the single largest proportion of RTA victims (53.7%). Proportion of helmet users was 17.9%, whereas 21.9% were found with history of alcohol intake. There was a consistent trend toward a favorable outcome in patients with no alcohol intake (17.08% deaths compared with 34.07% patients with alcohol intake) and with helmet usage (14.55% compared with 22.18% in patients without helmet). However, the absolute contribution of these factors cannot be inferred.

Conclusion Various factors related to RTA need evaluation for pooling and compilation of data at regional and national levels. Mandatory helmet laws and strict implementation and provision of subsidized helmets (standard, full coverage) will go a long way in reducing the burden on limited health resources.
Transcatheter Arterial Embolization for Intra-abdominal Bleeding
Authors: Gill Stephen , Dawson Stephanie , Kenworthy Jessie-Anne , Greenhalgh Jarrod , Hely Andrew , Harrison Benjamin , Landers Steve
Published: April 2019

Purpose Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is increasingly used for managing hemorrhage. The evidence-base supporting the procedure is accumulating. This study investigated the safety and effectiveness of TAE for intra-abdominal bleeding at a large regional public health service in Australia.

Materials and Methods Medical records of all patients undergoing TAE for intra-abdominal bleeding over a 7-year period were retrospectively reviewed, excluding gastric bleeding. Data were extracted into a standardized electronic data collection tool. Technical success of TAE was defined as cessation of active contrast media extravasation on post-procedure angiography. Complications were categorized as intra- and post-procedure. The severity of complications was rated according to the Society of Interventional Radiology Standards of Practice Committee Classifications of Complications by Outcome.

Results Ninety-two cases were identified. TAE was technically successful in 70 (94.6%) of the 74 cases when visible contrast media extravasation was evident during angiograph. During procedures, six minor complications occurred such as transient symptomatic hypotension or moderate to severe abdominal pain. Following procedures, eight minor complications were reported: seven cases of hematoma at the catheter access point and one case of contrast reaction. One major complication, bowel ischemia requiring hemicolectomy, occurred post-TAE for a bleeding cecal aneurysm; however, widespread arterial spasm was noted on angiography prior to TAE and interventional colonoscopy had occurred 2 days prior to TAE, suggesting that ischemia was not primarily due to TAE.

Conclusion This study supports the use of TAE for a diverse range of cases of intra-abdominal bleeding. TAE produced high rates of complete hemostasis with few complications.
Surgical Decision-Making in Median Neuropathy Associated with Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Özkan Sezai , Mudgal Chaitanya S. , Evans Brady T. , Watkins Colyn J. , Heng Marilyn M. , Bloemers Frank W.
Published: April 2019

Objectives A lack of conclusive evidence on the treatment of acute median neuropathy (AMN) in patients with distal radius fractures has led to inconsistent surgical guidelines and recommendations regarding AMN in distal radius fractures. There is a wide variation in surgical decision-making. We aimed to evaluate international differences between surgical considerations and practices related to carpal tunnel release (CTR) in the setting of distal radius fractures.

Methods We approached surgeons who were a member of the Orthopaedic Trauma Association (United States) or of the Dutch Trauma Society (the Netherlands) and asked them to provide sociodemographic information and information on their surgical practice regarding CTR in the setting of distal radius fractures. After applying our exclusion criteria, our final cohort consisted of 127 respondents.

Results Compared with Dutch surgeons, surgeons from the United States are more of the opinion that displaced distal radius fractures are at risk of developing acute carpal tunnel syndrome (ACTS), consider persistent paresthesia in the median nerve distribution after closed reduction to be a surgical emergency less often, and are more likely to perform a CTR if there are signs of ACTS in the setting of a distal radius fracture.

Conclusion A lack of conclusive evidence has led to international differences in surgical practice regarding the treatment of ACTS in the setting of distal radius fractures. Future research should guide surgeons in making appropriate evidence-based decisions when performing CTR in the setting of distal radius fractures.

Level of Evidence This is a Level V study.
Biomechanical Comparison of Flexor Digitorum Profundus Avulsion Repair
Authors: Putnam Jill G. , Adamany Damon
Published: April 2019

Purpose Multiple repair techniques have been investigated for flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendon avulsions. The purpose of this study is to compare the biomechanical characteristics of a new fully threaded titanium suture anchor with previously examined fixation techniques.

Methods Repair of FDP tendon avulsions was performed in 18 fresh-frozen cadavers using one of three implants: Nano Corkscrew FT 1.7 mm suture anchor (Group 1; Arthrex, Inc., Naples, FL; n = 6), Mitek Micro 1.3 mm suture anchor (Group 2; Mitek Surgical Products, Westwood, MA; n = 6), or pullout suture button fixation (Group 3; n = 6). Constructs were preloaded before testing load to failure. For each trial, elongation at 20 N and maximum load, mean load to failure, stiffness, and failure mechanism were recorded.

Results Load to failure occurred in all trials. Mean load to failure was significantly greater for Group 1 (61.6 ± 18.9 N) compared to Group 2 (42.5 ± 4.2 N; p < 0.05) and Group 3 (41.6 N ± 8.0 N; p < 0.05). Stiffness was significantly greater in Groups 1 and 2 compared to Group 3 (6.9 ± 2.2 N/mm vs. 6.1 ± 0.8 N/mm vs. 3.1 N/mm ± 0.5 N/mm, respectively, p < 0.01). Mechanism of failure differed between the groups: Group 1 broke at the anchor in two trials and tore through the tendon in three trials, Group 2's suture universally broke at the anchor, and Group 3's trials mainly failed at the button.

Conclusions The Nano Corkscrew anchor (Group 1) has a significantly higher load to failure when compared with the other techniques. The higher load to failure of the corkscrew anchor provides a secure method for flexor tendon repair in zone I.

Clinical Relevance A fully threaded titanium suture anchor used for FDP tendon avulsion injuries is likely to withstand early active range of motion protocols.
Internal Acoustic Canal Stenosis Due to Hyperostosis
Authors: Goodarzi Amir , Toussi Atrin , Garza Nicholas , Lechpammer Mirna , Brodie Hilary , Diaz Rodney C. , Shahlaie Kiarash
Published: April 2019

Background Exostoses and osteomas are benign, insidious lesions of the bone involving the internal acoustic canal (IAC). We present two cases of IAC exostoses managed with surgical decompression and review the clinical outcomes of previously reported cases in the literature.

Methods A comprehensive search was conducted using PubMed Central, Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar databases to identify previous reports of IAC exostoses and osteomas. A total of 26 reported cases were identified, and patient presenting symptoms, management strategies, and response to surgery was obtained when available.

Results Of the 13 patients who underwent surgical decompression, 8 patients had resolution of vertigo symptoms, 10 patients had improvement of tinnitus symptoms, and all patients maintained some level of serviceable hearing.

Conclusion IAC exostoses and osteomas are rare lesions that lead to insidious onset of debilitating symptoms from vestibulocochlear nerve dysfunction. Although the role of surgical decompression remains unclear, it appears that patients presenting with vertigo have more favorable response to surgical decompression as compared with those presenting with tinnitus and sensorineural hearing loss.