bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Freud’s civilization revisited in the nuclear age
Authors: Conway O’Brien John
Published: April 2007

The purpose of this paper is to re‐examine the views of Freud in his Civilization and its Discontents and compare his idea of civilization with that of other scholars in order to determine if we will ever be able to create a society which will endure in these days of nuclear power. The dangers to humanity are great, the solution difficult to see. Freud emphasized self‐interest and aggressiveness as the failings in man which would lead to the collapse of civilization, summed up in the Latin tag: homo homine lupus. Freud rejected out of hand religion as a remedy for man’s aggressiveness. This view of civilization is compared with that of Albert Schweitzer in his The Philosophy of Civilization. Schweitzer sees the enduring society as one in which man has become ethical and thereby dedicated himself to the good of society and in so doing shows a reverence for life. This study then examines the view of Ortega y Gasset, who finds in The Revolt of the Masses the success of society to lie in the efforts of men of talent, select men who have dedicated themselves to the advancement of society in accordance with the old adage, noblesse oblige. Finally we examine the Civilisation of Kenneth Clark, which is concerned with man’s development in the arts as he removes himself farther and farther from the state of the savage. The views of Arnold Toynbee on civilization are examined. Toynbee finds that our civilization, Western Christendom, will play an ever decreasing role in the global society. Toynbee also fears the coming of a nuclear holocaust but is confident there will be survivors. The possibility of a nuclear war attests the aggressiveness of man. Finally, to illustrate the evil effects of nuclear power, a brief glance is taken at the horrors that overtook the citizens of the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki when they were the targets of the atomic bomb in 1945. The only feasible solution to this grave problem appears to be a nuclear‐weapon‐free world. Even then the world is not safe from the aggressive nature of some rogue nation which seeks to take advantage of such a situation and dominate the world. This contingency is commonly referred to as the genie is out of the bottle. The number of genies increased when North Korea, India and Pakistan claimed the addition of nuclear weapons to their arsenal. Man has to control his fellow man’s urge to advance his self‐interest at any cost, if we are to endure. As Freud in his perspicacity put it: homo homine lupus.
The collapse of the Soviet economy and the triumph of capitalism
Authors: Nitsch Thomas O.
Published: April 2007

The title is intentionally facetious, rhetorical and to be taken cum grano salis. For certain ones prone to confusing fact with fancy, the events in the USSR of 1989 and the appearance of John Paul II’s Centesimus Annus on the heels thereof respectively sounded the death‐knell for Marx’s system and signaled papal acquisence in the axiom that what wins out is better. The object of the present study is to give the lie to, or otherwise radically temper, both perceptions. In a word or two, Marx’s system is not doomed for the tomb with him; while John Paul II has neither conceded nor welcomed such a systemic “triumph”. Wherein resides the truth in all of this? The paper essays to bring us a stride closer.
The New Age movement and its societal implications
Authors: O’Neil Daniel J.
Published: April 2007

This article examines the essence of the New Age movement: its reservations about the Judaic‐Christian heritage, its pantheistic/monistic orientation, its individualism, its search for the mystical experience, its skepticism of modern science and technology, its openness to androgyny, its ecumenicalism, and its prediction of a new dispensation. The article traces the New Age predecessors and influences: gnosticism, the Catholic potpourri, romanticism, the writings of C.G. Jung, and Theosophy. It speculates that the movement’s influence – given its individualism, skepticism of structure and organization, and hostility toward modern methodology – will be implicit and indirect. Finally, it notes the ambivalence of the core ideology, lending itself to both “progressive” and “non‐progressive” interpretation.
Transitional economies and economic globalisation
Authors: Tisdell Clem
Published: April 2007

As former communist countries have proceeded with market reforms, they have become more enmeshed in the international economy and their involvement in economic globalisation continues to grow. While economic theory suggests that this should bring several economic advantages to transitional economies (such as greater diversity of choice of commodities, lower costs as a result of greater economic specialisation, enhanced economic growth as a result of liberalization of capital and technology transfers), the social and environmental consequences of globalisation have in many cases not been favourable so far. Unemployment is emerging as a major problem in some transitional economies, social safety nets (especially for women, children and the elderly) have been breached, and basic needs are no longer being met across the board as in communist days. In most cases, inequality of income has increased and a bimodal distribution may be emerging in many other economies. Those on the low welfare‐ (income‐) side of the bimodal distribution are casual workers, those in the informal sector, the unemployed and the handicapped, including the elderly. Those on the right‐hand bulge of the income distribution curve seem to be the permanently employed (a declining proportion of population) and rich entrepreneurs and capitalists. The paper suggests that structural adjustment policies may be altering the shape of the Kuznets curve of income distribution from an inverted‐U to a bimodal form in both capitalist and former communist‐counties. Transitional processes have failed to overcome many of the environmental problems experienced by former communist countries. This is particularly so in transitional economies which have experienced negative economic growth, such as Russia. It is partly a consequence of lack of investment in capital stock. Lack of economic growth makes it difficult to implement environmental reforms and maintain social services. It is also noted that economic globalisation in terms of trade and capital inflows (including aid) makes transitional economies more dependent on the rest of the world. They can therefore be more easily subjected to external strategic economic bargaining or threats.
Perceived societal values of Indian managers
Authors: Pearson C.A.L. , Chatterjee S.R.
Published: April 2007

Societal values are emerging as critical variables in providing context relevance to extending international management research. A hallmark of the 1990s was the widespread adoption of market cultures in Asian nations that embraced large‐scale reform and restructuring. These programmes brought about dramatic changes at organisational level, but the links between the societal upheavals of economic transformation and micro level changes have yet to receive sufficient academic attention. For instance, similarity or dissimilarity about held societal values of managerial groups, within an organisation, as identified by gender, age, educational qualification or family upbringing, or even by the size of the company in which they work, requires comprehensive scrutiny if these reform programmes are to succeed. Since 1991 the Indian economy has embraced economic reform to move towards more empowerment for individual organisations in all spheres. The study reported in this paper explores managerial social orientations in the context of micro‐level organisational functioning. The results of this study, with 421 senior Indian managers, demonstrate that in a relatively short time the fundamental attributes of a competitive market economy have subjugated societal qualities reinforced over hundreds of years and thought to be unchangeable.
A welfare analysis of innovation in R&D markets
Authors: Justman Moshe , Mehrez Abraham
Published: April 2007

Analyses the economic efficiency of innovation under different market conditions within the context of a formal model that represents competitive innovation as the closed loop solution of a dynamic stochastic game in the spirit of Reinganum’s analysis. Goes beyond Reingnaum’s model in its explicit treatment of the product market (following Spence), which permits a consistent analysis of competitive innovation in the absence of patent protection. Measures efficiency by the expected net present value of total surplus, and studies the effect on it of competitive structure, elasticity of demand, fixed costs, spillovers and subsidies.
No compromise on security at Halton Borough Council
Authors: Severinsson Johanna
Published: April 2007

Halton Borough Council, a unitary local authority located in Cheshire, is now using the WatchGuard LiveSecurity System (firewall‐based Internet security) to give four public libraries access to the Internet via its corporate network. The new solution has enabled the council to implement central government initiatives for community access without compromising security. The system is proving remarkably cost‐effective, with initial investment and ongoing maintenance costs being many times less than for alternative firewall solutions.
Information control in the virtual office: preparing intermediaries to facilitate information exchange in the home work environment
Authors: Fulton Crystal
Published: April 2007

Provides the foundation for work accomplished by information professionals. As telework, or working regularly from home using telecommunications technology, is increasingly adopted in the workplace, employees are challenged to maintain the same level of connectivity in their network of information sources. Teleworkers experience a variety of changes in their work situations, as not only is their physical work location altered, but also their means of working changes. Examines ways in which library and information science professionals can facilitate teleworkers’ information access. The information environments of 20 teleworkers and 20 at‐office information professionals with similar jobs are discussed. Researchers have predicted a restructuring of organizations and of information into electronic formats to accommodate work done from home results and reveal that teleworkers still relied heavily on print sources of information. Teleworkers adopted specific strategies for ensuring availability of information in their at‐home work environments, including asking colleagues to send information to them at home. Suggests that library and information science professionals have a vital role to play in teleworkers’ interaction with information. Ways of training library and information science professionals are discussed.
The Pursuit of Competitive Advantage in Libraries Leads ... Where?
Authors: Line Maurice B.
Published: April 2007

Competitive advantage has become essential to survival. Argues that
libraries in the public sector are losing their monopoly position and
have increasingly to compete with both the private information sector
and one another. Increased productivity involves reducing costs by
shedding staff and extending their responsibilities, but this leads to
individual and social stress, increased unemployment, and reduced
markets for goods. Margins of advantage are bound eventually to
diminish. Libraries are being forced by government policy and financial
constraints to cut staff, with consequent threats to services, whereas
in a rational world they would increase staff to develop services, for
which the potential market is almost unlimited. Librarians need to be
aware of these trends, to cling to their ideals, and to explore markets
for possible new services.
Medical libraries in the year 2000
Authors: Troth Anne
Published: April 2007

As we approach the millennium, the environment within which the
National Health Service operates is being transformed. Discusses nursing
in this context and, in particular, the two national initiatives Project
2000 and the Post‐Registration Education and Practice Project –
both concerned with the education and training needs of nursing
professionals in the twenty‐first century. Examines the probable impact
of these projects on nursing college libraries, and proposes ten
criteria which medical libraries must adopt.
Perspectives for information services in developing countries: the
case of Brazil
Authors: Vergueiro Waldomiro C.S.
Published: April 2007

Many developing countries are trying to improve their information
services to face the world′s changes at the end of this century.
Economic blocs, development of new communication technologies and
increasing importance of information are only some of the imperatives
urging developing countries to reduce the gap between them and the first
world. Recent developments in information services in Brazil, the
biggest South American country, seem to be occurring in answer to this
new environment. Intends to look closely at these developments,
analysing how it is happening in Brazilian libraries and information
centres. Also reviews education of library professionals in the country.
World Bibliographical Series
Authors: Day Alan
Published: April 2007

Considers the World Bibliographical Series. Outlines the
history and aims and objectives of the series, and the ways in which the
volumes differ in terms of size and bibliographic content. Identifies
set sections for the volumes for all countries and the possibilities for
incorporating other areas to convey a country′s essential flavour and
unique characteristics. Points out that volumes do not cover single
countries only, but also other geographical areas. Includes an
introduction to the companion International Organizations Series
.
An assessment of research‐level literature resources for
agricultural biology in a Nigerian university
Authors: Awogbami P.A.
Published: April 2007

It is usually a straightforward task in assessing the library
resources for the teaching and research role of a university library.
The teaching faculty members inform their students, and sometimes the
library staff, as to which information resources will be needed to
fulfil the objectives of the lecturer. Direct demand soon makes any
omissions apparent, whether or not financial constraints allow anything
to be done about them.
The Nordic Information Quality project: the final report
Authors: Clausen Helge
Published: April 2007

Presents a guide for development of certifiable quality management
systems for the library and information sector. The project was
supported by NORDINFO and was carried out in 1993‐94. Begins with an
introduction to fundamental ISO 9000 philosophy, definitions and
concepts. All 20 main points of ISO 9001 receive a thorough treatment
with respect to the library and information sector. The staff members
concerned describe experiences from two test sites (Norsk Hydro and
Telecom Denmark‐Jutland Telephone Co.) and analyse the two reports.
Describes the implementation of ISO 9000 in the library and information
sector in practice in general terms. Describes four examples of typical
library and information routines in detail, together with relevant
quality requirements. Analyses the process of certification and reports
the findings of an empirical survey in the Nordic countries. Aims at a
general quality improvement of information services and products, and at
developing new tools for quality improvement.
State and prospects of the university libraries of Romania
Authors: Stoica Ion
Published: April 2007

The history of the university libraries of Romania correlates with
the history of university structures to which they belong. During almost
50 years of totalitarianism, the Romanian libraries suffered a long
period of international isolation and a continuous diminution of their
collections from an informative point of view. The negative effects of
this half century also exercised a bad influence over some other
activities of the libraries (the quality of services and personnel, and
on the other hand the quality of equipment and even the buildings), and
finally decreased the level of their involvement in university life.
Although the financial possibilities offered to libraries after the
Revolution from December 1989 have grown considerably, no significant
changes have been made from the structural point of view and no
modernization policies have been established. To integrate the
university libraries among the other goals of higher education, suggests
that a proper strategy must be established, e.g. the promotion of a law
for Romanian libraries; the adoption of a statute for Romanian
librarians and documentalists; the setting up of a National Council of
libraries; the planning of education to be closely correlated with the
planning of libraries; the adoption of a national programme for the
building of university libraries; the adoption of a national automation
programme for the university libraries; the setting up of an evaluation
system for university libraries.
On the threshold of the information superhighway
Authors: Helenese‐Paul Kathleen
Published: April 2007

Discusses papers presented at the IFLA′s 1994 Conference which
dealt with new library technologies and library co‐operation, and the
university libraries′ subsection which was found to be relevant to the
Caribbean. Internationally, universities face common problems. The most
pressing are the direct results of spiralling costs combined with an
increasing volume of information and the growing needs and expectations
of users. Presents recommendations made at the Conference relating to a
review of university policies, the management of intellectual property,
electronic access to information, library twinning and personnel
exchange programmes, and considers these recommendations in the light of
recent developments at The University of the West Indies libraries and
the wider Caribbean in general.
How important are ethics and social responsibility? ‐ A multinational study of marketing professionals
Authors: Singhapakdi Anusorn , Karande Kiran , Rao C.P. , Vitell Scott J.
Published: April 2007

States that in the present era of global marketing, as more companies enter international markets, ethical problems are likely to increase. As companies and their managers deal with their counterparts in different countries, there is a need to understand the latter’s ethical decision‐making processes. Divergence in ethical behavior and attitudes of marketing professionals across cultures can be explained by, among other variables, differences in perceptions regarding the importance of ethics and social responsibility in achieving organizational effectiveness. This study investigates the variation in those perceptions among marketing professionals from Australia, Malaysia, South Africa, and the USA. The variation is explained by country differences (cultural differences, differences in the economic environment, and differences in legal/political environment), organizational ethical climate, and selected demographic characteristics of the marketer (gender and age).
Predicting purchasing behavior on business‐to‐business markets
Authors: Söderlund Magnus , Vilgon Mats , Gunnarsson Jonas
Published: April 2007

Measures of customers’ repurchase intentions have become common in marketing research, particularly since long‐term relations with customers are stressed as an important goal. This study, however, illustrates that repurchase intentions may be a poor predictor of future behavior on industrial markets, and that past behavior may be a far better predictor. The results imply that caution is warranted when intention measures are used in predictions of purchasing behavior in situations in which decision‐making is constrained by organizational and inter‐organizational factors.
Development and management of corporate image in South Africa
Authors: Abratt Russell , Nsenki Mofokeng Thabiso
Published: April 2007

Gathers empirical evidence on how South African organisations manage their corporate image management process. The aim is to establish whether one of the leading models of the corporate image management process is applicable to practitioners in the area. While there is renewed interest in both academic and management circles, relatively few studies exist in the area of image management. In‐depth interviews with ten organisations that substantially changed their images recently were undertaken. The results are reported and confirm that the current knowledge and constructs on the corporate image management process are being put into practice by marketers.
Playing the part
Authors: Hogg Gillian , Doolan Denis
Published: April 2007

Considers the various roles that public relations practitioners play and the implications of those roles for the status of public relations within the organisation. Within the context of local authorities in Scotland, considers the organisational constraints within which public relations practitioners operate and the extent to which the practitioner’s role is affected by the expectations of those within the organisation responsible for determining public relations policy. The results indicate that chief executives and politicians have very definite perceptions of public relations and expectations of practitioners and that even practitioners themselves have a limited view of the role that public relations can play in decision making within local authorities. This implies that they are not, nor likely to be, part of the dominant coalition, with consequent implications for the development of excellence in public relations.
Professional judgment and the predicaments of practice
Authors: Dunne Joseph
Published: April 2007

Addresses the issues inherent when analysing marketing philosophy and knowledge, illustrates by examples from various philosophers, pricipally Aristotle. Explores the relationship between knowledge and action, questioning what kind of knowledge informs good practice. Highlights two types of knowledge, “technical rationality” and “practical judgment”, and the kinds of activities encapsulated within each paradigm. Covers the character of the natural sciences including the proven and established theories of the technicist logic and the varied and unpredictable nature of the social sciences, incorporated within practical judgment. Suggests that properties required by a trainee in the practical field in order to learn good practice and “judgment”, include resourcefulness and flexibility.
Franchise relationship quality: micro‐economic explanations
Authors: Hopkinson Gillian C. , Hogarth‐Scott Sandra
Published: April 2007

Examines the behavioural implications of the three main micro‐economic explanations – resource constraint, agency theory and search cost theory – for franchising. Reviews these theories, along with the empirical evidence found to support them. Highlights the implications of each explanation upon relational quality using four relational characteristics drawn from Macneil. Uses the characteristics of power balance, anticipation of trouble, sense of unity and presentation of costs and benefits. Argues that since the motivation to franchise depends upon the specific strategy employed by the franchisor, then relational quality will legitimately differ according to franchisor strategy. Describes a model drawn by linking strategic direction, franchise motivation and relational quality. Some illustrative propositions are derived from the model. Discusses the implications of the theory for both researchers and managers.
Linking perceived service quality and service loyalty: a multi‐dimensional perspective
Authors: Bloemer Josée , de Ruyter Ko , Wetzels Martin
Published: April 2007

In recent research on service quality it has been argued that the relationship between perceived service quality and service loyalty is an issue which requires conceptual and empirical elaboration through replication and extension of current knowledge. Focuses on the refinement of a scale for measuring service loyalty dimensions and the relationships between dimensions of service quality and these service loyalty dimensions. The results of an empirical study of a large sample of customers from four different service industries suggest that four dimensions of service loyalty can be identified: purchase intentions, word‐of‐mouth communication; price sensitivity; and complaining behaviour. Further analysis yields an intricate pattern of service quality‐service loyalty relationships at the level of the individual dimensions with notable differences across industries.
Finite element based expressions for Lorentz, reluctance and magnetostriction forces
Authors: Delaere Koen , Heylen Ward , Belmans Ronnie , Hameyer Kay
Published: April 2007

The magnetic and mechanical finite element systems are combined into one magnetomechanical system. Investigating the coupling terms results in a finite element expression for the magnetic forces (Lorentz force and reluctance force) for both the linear and nonlinear case. The material deformation caused by magnetostriction is represented by an equivalent set of mechanical forces, giving the same strain to the material as magnetostriction does. The resulting magnetostriction force distribution is superposed onto other force distributions (external mechanical forces, magnetic forces) before starting the mechanical deformation or vibration analysis. This procedure is incorporated into a weakly‐coupled cascade solving of the magnetomechanical problem.
A finite element formulation for spectral problems in optical fibers
Authors: Guenneau S. , Nicolet A. , Zolla F. , Geuzaine C. , Meys B.
Published: April 2007

This paper is devoted to the presentation of a new finite element formulation for spectral problems arising in the determination of propagating modes in dielectric waveguides and particularly in optical fibers. As an example, we compute the coupling between two parallel optical wave guides. The originality of the paper lies in the fact that we take into account both the vector character of the problem (no weak coupling assumption) and the unboundness of the domain.
Analysis of magnetostatic field for some class of inhomogeneous problems by BEM
Authors: Kurgan Eugeniusz
Published: April 2007

Presents an application of the boundary element method to the analysis of magnetic fields in materials for which permeability depends non‐linearly on spatial co‐ordinates. A new approach is proposed, which relates the Green’s function for non‐linearly dependent permeability to Green’s function of the Laplace equation in free space by adequate variable transformation. This can be done for very broad class magnetic permeabilities. These permeable functions, which cannot be directly used in such transformations, can be approximated by series of admissible functions.
Optimal placement of probes in magnetostatic reconstruction ‐ The case of plasma identification in Tokamaks
Authors: Formisano A. , Martone R. , Trevisan F.
Published: April 2007

The applied research in the thermonuclear fusion area is directed towards the design of a commercial reactor. In such a reactor, the room required for the probes deputised to measure the magnetic field for the identification step of the control system must be kept to a minimum, and the number and position of probes must be optimised. A possible approach to the optimal choice of a set of magnetic probes for the reconstruction of a magnetostatic field, based on a statistical approach, is presented and discussed.
A hybrid one‐then‐two stage algorithm for computationally expensive electromagnetic design optimization
Authors: Hawe Glenn , Sykulski Jan
Published: April 2007

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a surrogate model‐assisted optimization algorithm which effectively searches for the optimum at the earliest opportunity, avoiding the need for a large initial experimental design, which may be wasteful.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodologies of two‐stage and one‐stage selection of points are combined for the first time. After creating a small experimental design, a one‐stage Kriging algorithm is used to search for the optimum for a fixed number of iterations. If it fails to locate the optimum, the points it samples are then used in lieu of a traditional experimental design to initialize a two‐stage algorithm.

Findings

The proposed approach was tested on a mathematical test function. It was found that the optimum could be located, without necessarily constructing an accurate surrogate model first. The algorithm performed well on an electromagnetic design problem, outperforming both a random search and a genetic algorithm, in significantly fewer iterations. The results suggest a new interpretation of surrogate models – merely as tools for constructing a utility function to locate the optimum of an unknown function, as opposed to actual approximations of the unknown function.

Research limitations/implications

The research was carried out on unconstrained problems only. The findings have implications for modern experimental designs, as the proposed algorithm can often locate the optimum without necessarily constructing an accurate surrogate model.

Originality/value

The two paradigms of one‐stage and two‐stage selection of points in surrogate‐model assisted optimization are combined for the first time. Also, it is believed that this is the first time that the methodology ofone‐stage optimization has been used in optimal electromagnetic design.
An optimizer using the software component paradigm for the optimization of engineering systems
Authors: Delinchant B. , Duret D. , Estrabaut L. , Gerbaud L. , Nguyen Huu H. , Du Peloux B. , Rakotoarison H.L. , Verdiere F. , Wurtz F.
Published: April 2007

Purpose

This paper is a synthesis paper which seeks to discuss an optimisation framework using software components, which is a new emerging paradigm in computer science.

Design/methodology/approach

The goal of this paper is to show the efficiency of the software component approach for the implementation of optimisation frameworks for engineering systems in general, and electromagnetic systems in particular.

Findings

This paper highlights the component standard, a generator based on analytical expressions of the system, and an optimization service. References and examples show application in the area of electromagnetic components and systems.

Practical implications

This paper presents CADES, a framework dedicated to system design, based on optimization needs. The framework is defined with a standard implementing the software component paradigm and a pattern to use it. Indeed, this pattern details how to create and use a component (the model of the device to design).

Originality/value

This paper shows how the new emerging paradigm of software components can be used for building new generations of optimisation environment allowing capitalisation and reuse by combination of software components containing models and optimisation algorithms.
Neuro fuzzy modeling of axial field machines behavior
Authors: Al‐Badi A. , El‐Metwally K. , Gastli A.
Published: April 2007

Purpose

This paper aims to study modeling of the nonlinear behavior of the Torus machine back EMF using an adaptive networks fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The model can be used to study the steady‐state as well as the dynamic performances of the machine operating as a motor or as a generator.

Design/methodology/approach

Using the universal approximation capability of fuzzy systems the authors designed an ANFIS network to model the nonlinear behavior of the back EMF of the Torus motor. The ANFIS is trained using an actual set machine measurements data to generate the motor back EMF for different operating conditions.

Findings

Simulation results of the ANFIS model of the Torus motor at different loads proved the ability of the algorithm to effectively model the complex electromagnetic behavior of the machine. Such efficient modeling can directly help in improving and optimizing the Torus motor drive system design.

Originality/value

It demonstrates that ANFIS can model the nonlinear behavior of the back EMF of the Torus motor with excellent accuracy.
A compensation‐based method to model PV nodes in backward/forward distribution network analysis
Authors: Augugliaro A. , Dusonchet L. , Favuzza S. , Ippolito M.G. , Riva Sanseverino E.
Published: April 2007

Purpose

This paper proposes to identify a new model of the fixed voltage nodes (PV nodes) for medium voltage distribution systems analysis. The model is used within backward/forward (b/f) analysis method applied to solve radial and weakly meshed systems.

Design/methodology/approach

The model is based on the compensation currents method for multi‐port systems which has been extensively used, within b/f analysis methods, to take into account the presence of meshes and PV nodes.

Findings

Test results prove the approach to be more efficient and precise than previous methodologies and put into evidence the good performance of the proposed model in terms of speed and convergence properties.

Research limitations/implications

The model is developed to be used within b/f methodology.

Practical implications

Utilities are quite interested in such items, since the deregulation electricity market in last years has determined an evolution of the medium voltage distribution networks, due to the presence of distributed generation. So it is necessary to take into account and to model in an opportune way the nodes with distributed generators (PV nodes), also in weakly meshed networks, for the load flow analysis.

Originality/value

The paper presents a new model to treat the fixed voltage nodes (PV nodes) for medium voltage distribution networks analysis.
Microwave interdigital bandpass filters modeling
Authors: Ivkovic Sladjana , Milovanovic Bratislav
Published: April 2007

An improved model for microwave interdigital filters design and analysis is developed by correction of Denig’s procedure (1989). This model enables correct modeling multiple‐coupled transmission line structures as parallel sections of single coupled lines. Also, it is very suitable for the design and analysis of the filters by means of widely used microwave CAD programs. In this way the design and analysis of the microwave interdigital filters are significantly simplified. The verification of modified Denig’s procedure is carried out through the two examples of the microstrip interdigital bandpass filters by means of program package LIBRA.
Complementarity by “local corrections”
Authors: Bossavit A. , Chaussecourte P. , Métivet B.
Published: April 2007

By using complementarity (solving for both potentials, scalar and vector), one often can provide bilateral bounds for some quantities of interest, like for instance the reluctance of a circuit. However, the vector potential method is expensive, and does not make use of information acquired in the first phase of solving for the scalar potetential. We show how to improve on this by a “local correction” process which, starting from h = grad φ, yields a divergence‐free b, close to μh, by a series of local and independent (parallel) problems.
Pansystems thinking and investigations
Authors: Xuemou Wu , Jinghong Pan , Pheng‐Ann Heng
Published: April 2007

The framework, panorama, related applications and development of pansystems thinking are introduced and some problems concerning generalized systems, derivatives, symmetry and quantification are investigated, a sort of difference‐identity theory within the framework of pansystems thinking is cultivated, and a new type of clustering method with many intertransformations among some important pansystems concepts is presented. Related contents include: pansystems combination of mathematics, systems, dialectics and poetry thinking, methodology to comprehend laws by pansymmetries or by moving networks, the pansystems views of generalized order, quotientization and series‐parallel relations, control‐reachability, duality transformation, discoupling principle, communication theorems, general parental relations, etc.
A weakly stable method for linear integral equations of the first kind
Authors: Khefif A.
Published: April 2007

Studies a new method of a weak approximation for a stable solution of some first kind integral equations ∫ abK(x,y)u(x)dx=f(y) with continuous kernel. It is well known that the problem of resolution of these equations is ill‐posed in the sense of the methods that use the strong norms such as the one of uniform convergence. The method developed here is based on a weak formulation of the problem enabling us to weakly approach the solution and guarantee some weak stability with respect to the topology of simple convergence. An application to the inverse Laplace transform is treated at the end of this paper.
An anti‐spam scheme
Authors: Andrew Alex M.
Published: April 2007

Purpose

To describe a means of discouraging unsolicited e‐mails or “spam”.

Design/methodology/approach

The scheme makes it difficult for web‐scanning techniques to identify and collect e‐mail addresses from web sites.

Findings

The scheme appears to work and has an unexpected extra benefit.

Practical implications

It is hoped this will mitigate the menace of spam.

Originality/value

The method is thought to be novel.
Integer optimization by α‐dense curves
Authors: Mora G. , Cherruault Y.
Published: April 2007

Purpose

To use α‐dense curves for solving an optimization problem with constraints involving integer variables.

Design/methodology/approach

α‐dense curves are curves in Rn depending on a single variable able to approximate a compact K⊂Rn with precision α. It is proposed α‐dense curves allowing to obtain all integer points of a compact domain in Rn. This transformation allows to transform the functional into a new function depending on a single variable. Then we can calculate the global optimum of the functional.

Findings

Alienor method invented by Y. Cherruault allows to find global minimum of n‐continuous variables functions. Here, α‐dense curves are extended to problems involving integer variables. The curves pass through all points having integer coordinates and belonging to the compact domain. By this method integer programming (nonlinear) problems arising in operational research have been easily and exactly solved.

Originality/value

It is the first time the technique based on α‐dense curves to optimization problems with integer variables are extended. This approach is totally original and allows to solve very easily and fastly nonlinear optimization problems.
The Evolution of Vision and Its Relation to Language
Authors: James Brennig
Published: April 2007

Discusses the evaluation of vision and its relation to language. Defines the universe of Discourse Triangle, within which, it is maintained, all statements must be made.
Spinels – reactive pigments affecting the diffusion of corrosive substances through the coatings
Authors: Kalendová Andréa
Published: April 2007

Studies the spinel pigments containing Zn, Ca, and Mg cations from the point of view of reactivity with corrosive substances of acidic nature, which diffuse through the coating at activated corrosion. Proposes the mechanisms of anticorrosive activities of these pigments in an epoxy resin based binder, showing a high chemical stability. A microscopy method was used for following the diffusion of corrosive acidic substances through the film.
Properties of oxygen convertor slag as anticorrosive pigment
Authors: Batis G. , Pantazopoulou P. , Zagogiannis A.
Published: April 2007

The purpose of this work was to investigate the possibilities for the exploitation of the powder by‐product of oxygen convertor slag from the ferronickel industry as pigment in anticorrosive non‐toxic paints. The chemical composition of the powder shows a large content of Fe3O4 and a high value of pH, two features favouring its use in anticorrosive paints. Paints with this powder, either unrefined or processed, as a pigment and chlorinated rubber resin were produced and tested by the following methods: half‐cell potential, mass loss, chloride diffusion and EIS. The results indicated that protection of steel was achieved to a satisfactory level, especially with the processed material.
Ecopaint: a new water‐based recyclable paint system
Authors: Webber D.F.
Published: April 2007

The UK Environmental Protection Act imposes very strict controls on paint and other coating systems. These include the reduction and eventual elimination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs); the elimination of offensive odours; and much tighter controls on waste disposal. Ecopaint is a revolutionary new water‐based paint with very low levels of organic solvent, greatly reduced odours and can be recycled and reused. Overspray can be reused using ultrafiltration methods, ensuring 100 per cent paint utilization and the elimination of paint waste. This system represents a fundamental advance in industrial painting processes. It provides an entirely new concept for the coating industry and is suitable for a wide range of applications, pointing the way forward in the UK to cost‐effective and environmentally‐acceptable painting systems.
The use of radiant heat transfer in the curing of coatings on complex geometries and problematic substrates
Authors: Hampshire R.J.
Published: April 2007

Details the use of infrared energy as a heat transfer mechanism to products that would not normally be regarded as candidates for this form of heating. Work undertaken between Eastern Electricity and Heraeus Noblelight to determine the benefits of infrared in combination with convective heat transfer applied to the curing of electrophoretic coatings on automotive body shells is given to illustrate complex geometric structures. Uses infrared heating applied to the curing of coatings on wooden substrates to highlight problematic substrates.
Pigment/dispersant interactions in water‐based coatings
Authors: Clayton John
Published: April 2007

Various types of ionic and non‐ionic dispersants have been classified by their ability to stabilise titanium dioxide pigment suspensions in water. It was found that some non‐ionic dispersants produced suspensions that exhibited full steric stabilisation as opposed to electrosteric stabilisation that occurs with ionic dispersants. A high level of steric stabilisation was found to relate to greater flocculation resistance in both the wet and dry phases, which can result in improved paint stability and higher opacity.
Controlling worker exposure to coating powders
Authors: Stear Martin , Cooke Martin
Published: April 2007

This article provides a summary of the Health and Safety Executive’s (HSE) work over recent years to address occupational exposure to particulates during the manufacture and use of coating powders. It contends, in particular, that many users of coating powders are not controlling exposure to total inhalable particulate (TIP) (i.e. the total inhalable dust in the air from all sources), and that these control issues would exist even if TGIC (triglycidyl isocyanurate) was not being used. TGIC is a curing agent for polyester coating powders which is classified as a Category 2 mutagen. HSE is raising awareness that control of exposure is generally poor whatever powders are being used.
Smashing old stereotypes of 50‐plus America
Authors: Silvers Cary
Published: April 2007

Highlights the fact that most marketing efforts are still aimed at consumers aged under 50, though those older than this comprise one‐third of the adult US market. Reports on research that aimed to define the 50‐plus market in terms of major life events, suggesting that these influence how individuals approach the marketplace. Outlines seven distinct consumer profiles.
Reference‐linking: today’s realities, tomorrow’s promises
Authors: Arias Terry Ana
Published: April 2007

Reference‐linking has added a new dimension of value to works containing citations. It drastically reduces the labor involved in accessing referenced material by capitalizing on the ability of electronic items to point to each other. With the promise come a variety of issues that must be addressed before the full benefit can be realized. At the forefront of these are determining what to link to, determining appropriate copy, managing access and copyrights, and persistence of object identifiers. A number of initiatives are tackling these issues to various extents, and a number of publishers and vendors are enabling these technologies. Background, benefits, issues, projects, and employment of reference‐linking are examined to provide an overview of the current state of reference‐linking. A sampling of industry players is queried to obtain a variety of perspectives.
In defense of (some) commercial journals
Authors: Seadle Michael
Published: April 2007

Not all commercial publishers are alike. Of the many epithets thrown at the commercial publishers of academic works, “greedy” ranks as the most common. But for journals facing serious competition, like Library Hi Tech, the pricing strategies tend to conform to market realities. University‐based publication can legitimately challenge commercial publishers. Library Hi Tech has already faced serious competition, and survives thanks in part to resources provided by our commercial publisher.
UNLV and beyond
Authors: Boone Morell D.
Published: April 2007

While previous columns have discussed new developments in library architectural design and technology integration, this one turns to the actual process of developing the cybrary. Following in the spirit of the UNLV articles, the author summarizes some of their key points and argues that advanced planning and continual dialogue with individuals both internal and external to the library system is essential. Finally, he provides some discussion about his visit to the new UNLV library. The article is the first in a series of five that will discuss how best to effectuate library planning.
Wireless use in libraries
Authors: Graham Rebecca A.
Published: April 2007

A look at computing literature in general and library literature in particular over the last few years reveals steadily increasing interest and investment by libraries in the use of wireless Ethernet technology (802.11). This article attempts to shed light on the motivations underlying the use of this technology in a variety of libraries across the country as well as the role of the library in deploying wireless within the local community. Further, it looks at potentials and considerations for the evolving 802.11a and 802.11g standards. It does not address other applications of wireless protocols such as those for use with cellular phones.
Connecting people and resources: digital programs at the institute of museum and library services
Authors: Ray Joyce
Published: April 2007

As a federally‐funded independent granting agency, The Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) became involved in digitization in the late 1990s when Congress gave it statutory authority to fund digitization of library and museum collections. Since that time, IMLS has funded more than 100 exemplary digitization projects through its National Leadership Grant program. Collectively, these projects have helped to identify best practices for the creation, management, preservation and use of digital content. Most importantly, they demonstrate the important role that museums and libraries can play in supporting both formal education and lifelong learning. Ultimately, this work will help libraries and museums to fulfill their roles as educational institutions. IMLS grants support the spectrum of learning from independent inquiry through formal education to the development of “learning communities.”
E‐mail attachments
Authors: Seadle Michael
Published: April 2007

Many practices that are legal or at least clearly “fair use” in the paper world encounter serious complications in digital form. This is partly because the statutes and case law mostly do not refer to electronic situations, and analogies which one person finds reasonable may seem absurd and unacceptable to another. This column looks at two specific uses of e‐mail attachments and the issues surrounding them. The use in some sense is the same, but the circumstances can lead to different conclusions.