bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thickness Dependent Structure and Magnetic Properties in 57Fe/Ti/Co Multilayers
Authors: Jain Vishal , Jani Snehal , Lakshmi N. , Reddy V.R. , Venugopalan K. , Gupta Ajay
Published: September 2013

Structural and magnetic properties of57Fe/Ti/Co multilayers (MLs), prepared by Ion beam sputtering on Si substrate have been studied as a function of trilayers (TLs) thickness and modulation periods. X-ray reflectivity (XRR) shows the successful growth of high-quality layered structures along with up to 3rdorder Bragg peaks with distinct Kiessig oscillation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Mössbauer studies evidence the formation of different phases mainly at the interfaces. Soft magnetic properties with high saturation values (~800emu/cm3) and high anisotropy field (~20kOe) are observed in the room temperature magnetization curve. The in plane value of coercivities are 18Oe and 60Oe for the 12 and 24 TLs respectively while in the out-of plane direction it increases to nearly 8 and 12 times respectively. The 12 TLs sample shows the presence of two fold anisotropy whereas the 24 TLs sample shows an isotropic behaviour. Low temperature DC magnetization studies evidence the presence of weak antiferromagnetic coupling while the Kelly Henkel plots for these samples show that the dominant exchange interactions between the grains are ferromagnetic.
Alignment of a ¼-Circle Cradle for Reliable Residual Stress Measurements
Authors: Vermeulen Arnold C.
Published: September 2013

The alignment of a ¼-circle Eulerian cradle is discussed. The method is based on diffraction and uses a special alignment tool and a stress-free powder sample. A new profile shape function is introduced to describe better distorted diffraction peaks.
Macroscopic and Microscopic Determinations of Residual Stresses in Thin Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Steel Tubes
Authors: Béchade Jean Luc , Toualbi Louise , Bosonnet Sophie , Castelnau Olivier , de Carlan Yann
Published: September 2013

To improve the efficiency of components operating at high temperatures, many efforts are deployed to develop new materials. Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) materials could be used for heat exchangers or cladding tubes for the new GENIV nuclear reactors. This type of materials are composed with a metallic matrix (usually iron base alloy for nuclear applications or nickel base alloy for heat exchangers) reinforced by a distribution of nano-oxides. They are obtained by powder metallurgy and mechanical alloying. The creep resistance of these materials is excellent, and they usually exhibit a high tensile strength at room temperature. Depending on the cold working and/or the heat treatments, several types of microstructure can be obtained: recrystallised, stress relieved…. One of the key challenges is to transform ODS materials into thin tubes (up to 500 microns thick) within a robust fabrication route while keeping the excellent mechanical properties. To prevent cracking during the process or to obtain a final product with low residual stresses, it is important to quantify the effect of the heat treatments on the release of internal stresses. The aim of this study is to show how residual stresses can be determined on different thin tubes using two complementary approaches: (i) macroscopic stresses determination in the tube using beam theory (small cuts along the longitudinal and circumferential directions and measurements of the deflection), (ii) stress determination from x-ray diffraction analyses (surface analyses, using “sin²Ψ" method with different hypothesis). Depending on the material and the heat treatment, residual stresses vary dramatically and can reach 800 MPa which is not far from the yield stress; comparisons between both methods are performed and suggestions are given in order to optimize the thermo-mechanical treatment of thin ODS tubes.
The Influence of Chemical Composition on Residual Stresses in NiCoMo Alloy Deposits on 12 Ni Maraging Steel
Authors: Bergant Zoran , Grum Janez
Published: September 2013

The in-plane residual stresses in laser cladded specimens, made of 12-nickel precipitation hardening maraging hot-working tool steel 1.2799 (SIST EN 10027-2) are analyzed using the hole drilling method. The CO2 laser was used to deposit the alloy NiCoMo-1 with significantly higher content of nickel and cobalt with austenitic microstructure at room temperature. The Nd:YAG laser was used to deposit the maraging alloy designated NiCoMo-2, with similar chemical composition as the base material. The comparison of residual stress field showed the sign and the magnitude of residual stresses depends on the chemical composition of the clad being deposited. The high tensile residual stresses were found in NiCoMo-1 layers and favorable compressive residual stresses were found in NiCoMo-2 layers. The metallurgical aspects of residual stress generation are discussed.
Influence of Dry Cut and Tool Wear on Residual Stresses in High Speed Machining of Nickel-Based Superalloy
Authors: Peng Ru Lin , Zhou Jin Ming , Johansson Sten , Bellinius Annethe , Bushlya Volodymr , Ståhl Jan Eric
Published: September 2013

Machining induced residual stresses were investigated in Inconel 718 prepared by high speed turning under dry cut condition. The influence of cutting tool wear and the use of cutting fluid were studied. By x-ray diffraction measurements, characteristic residual stress distributions with tensile stresses in the top layer and compressive stresses in the layer below were found in all the investigated samples. The magnitude of surface tensile stresses and size of the tension as well as compression zones varied depending on the cutting condition. The application of cutting fluid for turning using new tool has a minor effect, giving a somewhat larger subsurface compressive zone but reducing the surface tensile stresses. Tool flank wear has shown a much stronger effect. While a flank wear of VBmax=0.15 mm enhanced mostly the surface tensile residual stresses, a severer wear of VBmax=0.3 mm greatly increased the thickness of the subsurface compression zone and at the same time resulted in strong stress anisotropy. Microstructural study by electron channelling contrast imaging shows that the observed influence of tool flank wear or cutting fluid on residual stresses are related to different contributions from increased plastic deformation and cutting heat, which changed with the cutting conditions.
Residual Stress Engineering in Fatigue Resistant Welds
Authors: Farajian Majid , Barsoum Zuheir , Kromm Arne
Published: September 2013

The developments in the field of residual stress determination during the last decades have contributed to a better understanding of the origins and sources of residual stresses in different engineering disciplines. The many investigations concerning the behavior of residual stresses under mechanical loading have also provided a solid foundation to clarify the important aspects of residual stresses and fatigue. The question that arises now is if this available body of knowledge is being used effectively in the field of welding technology to design and construct structures with better fatigue performances. In this paper the necessity of the development of the concept residual stress engineering for welds in which wanted residual stress states are tailored for specific cases by appropriate means will be discussed. The possibilities of the quantitative consideration of the benefits in the fatigue design codes will be presented in a practical example.
Residual Stress in Steel Fusion Welds Joined Using Low Transformation Temperature (LTT) Filler Material
Authors: Gibmeier Jens , Obelode Esther , Altenkirch Jens , Kromm Arne , Kannengiesser Thomas
Published: September 2013

Welding residual stress is of major concern for structural integrity assessment in industrial components. Shear and volume strains resulting from the austenite-martensite-transformation affect the development of residual stress during welding. Controlling the phase transformation allows adjustment of the welding residual stress. Low transformation temperature (LTT) weld filler materials exhibiting reduced MS-temperatures allow postponing the phase transformation. The associated strain arising from the delayed transformation compensates for the thermal contraction strains and as such may reduce tensile or even introduce compressive residual stress. In this article we discuss the tri-axial residual stress distribution in 15 mm S690Q steel plates joined with LTT filler materials with 10 wt% Cr and a Ni-content that varies from 8 to 12 wt%. Using complementary synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction stress analysis the macroscopic residual stress was derived from the phase specific lattice strain and phase fraction of martensite and retained austenite, respectively. The local phase specific unstrained lattice parameters were determined using stress relieved combs. The investigation revealed increasing phase fraction of retained austenite with increasing Ni-content. Further, independent of the Ni-content in each weld in the fusion zone, significant compressive residual stresses were found in the longitudinal direction, which are balanced by tensile residual stresses in the heat affected zone (HAZ). In the weld transverse and normal direction the stress distribution is qualitatively similar but less in magnitude. The increased amount of retained austenite reduces the compressive stress arising from shear and volume strains during the delayed phase transformation and therefore no significant increase in compression was observed for decreasing MS-temperatures.
An Experimental Comparison of Weld-Induced Residual Stresses Using Different Stainless Steel Filler Metals Commonly Used for Hydraulic Turbines Manufacturing and Repair
Authors: Godin Stéphane , Thibault Denis , Lévesque Jean Benoît
Published: September 2013

CA6NM and UNS S41500 martensitic stainless steels are widely used for manufacturing and repair of hydraulic turbine runners. They offer good mechanical properties and superior cavitation resistance when compared to mild steels. They are also relatively easy to weld. However, when welded homogeneously, they require a post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) in order to temper the as-welded martensite. This PWHT is also beneficial for residual stresses reduction as it effectively lowers the stress peaks. To avoid this PWHT, austenitic filler metals are often used for repair. But omitting PWHT inevitably leaves weld-induced residual stresses in the assembly. In order to better understand the impact of the weld filler metal choice on the importance of residual stress, an experimental study has been conducted on three different filler alloys. The chosen alloys were: • 410NiMo, a martensitic grade having the same composition as the base metal (13%Cr-4%Ni-0.5%Mo) ; • 309L, an austenitic grade widely used for repair (24%Cr-13%Ni) ; • A proprietary low transformation temperature (LTT) martensitic grade (13%Cr-6%Ni). This paper compares residual stresses in the as-welded condition on welds of UNS S41500 (13%Cr-4%Ni) made using these filler metals. Residual stresses were measured using the contour method. Microstructural analysis was performed to identify the phases in the weld and the heat-affected zones (HAZ). Microhardness maps were done to see the hardness distribution of each weldment.
An Abaqus Extension for 3-D Welding Simulations
Authors: Shubert Mike , Pandheeradi Muralidharan
Published: September 2013

An Abaqus Extension, in the form of an Abaqus/CAE Plug-In, is presented that enables an easy, efficient, model-tree based approach to setup all aspects of a welding model from within Abaqus/CAE. Specifically, the paper describes the extension to 3-D of a similar capability, namely the 2-D Abaqus Welding Interface (AWI), that currently exists for automating most of the repetitive, time-consuming tasks associated with building a welding model in a traditional CAE environment to facilitate weld simulations. The tasks supported by the 3-D AWI include weld-bead definitions based on simple cross-sectional geometric entity picks, options for geometry- or element-based bead-chunking in the weld direction, automatic definition of weld passes, steps and boundary conditions for each pass, and set-up of both the thermal and stress analysis models. The 3-D AWI is expected to make the normally time-consuming welding analysis setup significantly faster. The use of the AWI is demonstrated on a six-pass plate welding problem described in the literature.
Stress Measurements in Glass and Plastic by Optical Hole-Drilling
Authors: Laakkonen Markus , Rickert Theo J. , Suominen Lasse
Published: September 2013

Quantitative residual stress depth profile measurements are common in metallic parts but not in glass or plastic. This paper describes some experimental stress depth profile measurements using hole-drilling with electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) in two types of glasses and two thermoplastics. Stress depth profiles in laminated and toughened glass specimens show the expected low stresses in the former and significant compressive stresses near the surface in the latter for the as-is condition. The stress curves shift towards tensile stresses during slight bending deformation, as expected. The bending devices initially used for experiments with Bayblend® and Makrolon® were deforming the specimens too severely to allow proper, static, measurements. Significant stress reductions due to creep were measured for extended bending times. Subsequent measurements for less severe bending show similar stress curve characteristics. Residual stresses in the as-is condition apparently account for some of the differences to the predicted bending stress profile.
Effective CO2 lifetime and future CO2 levels based on fit function
Authors: Sonnemann G. R. , Grygalashvyly M.
Published: September 2013

Abstract. The estimated global CO2 emission rates and the measured atmospheric CO2 concentrations show that only a certain share of the emitted CO2 accumulates in the atmosphere. For given atmospheric emissions of CO2, the effective lifetime determines its accumulation in the atmosphere and, consequently, its impact on the future global warming. We found that on average the inferred effective lifetime of CO2 decreases as its atmospheric concentration increases, reducing the rate of its accumulation in the atmosphere. We derived a power function that fits the varying lifetimes. Based on this fitting function, we calculated the increase of CO2 for different scenarios of future global emission rates.
Synergistic Endo- and Exo-Interactions Between Blueberry Phenolic Compounds, Grape Variety Fractions, Chocolate Covered Strawberries, and Fruit Smoothies
Authors: Epps Caleb T. , Stenquist Benjamin P. , Lowder Kevin T. , Blacker Bryan C. , Low Richard M. , Eggett Dennis L. , Parker Tory L.
Published: September 2013

The presence of phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables is considered to be of nutritional importance in the prevention of chronic diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. Through overlapping or complementary effects, the complex mixture of phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables provides a better protective effect on health than single phytochemicals. Previous studies have shown that synergistic interactions between antioxidants in food result in a higher antioxidant capacity than individually isolated antioxidants. Further work is needed to explore other potential synergistic interactions between antioxidant mixtures within foods (endo-interactions) and between foods (exo-interactions) commonly eaten together. A series of studies examined potential synergy between various components of blueberries, grapes, chocolate covered strawberries, and fruit smoothies using multiple antioxidant assays (ORAC, TEAC and DPPH). At the ratio found in blueberries, significant synergy, antagonism, and patterns were found for many phenolic compound combinations, though they were dependent on the assay. Significant synergy was found in the combinations of skin and juice as well as skin, juice, and seed across three grape varieties. Significant synergy was found in the combination of strawberry and 88% cocoa chocolate in fully dipped strawberries. Fruit smoothies made with blueberries (as opposed to strawberries and raspberries) and soymilk (as opposed to water) exhibited significantly higher antioxidant capacity. The 3 assays measured correlated weakly with each other. This work furthers our understanding of the potential value of complex mixtures and foods in the human diet and is the first to report on the combinations and fractions described.
Photochemical Synthesis of the Bioconjugate Folic Acid-Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Castillo John , Bertel Linda , Páez-Mozo Edgar , Martínez Fernando
Published: September 2013

In this paper we present a rapid and simple one-pot method to obtain gold nanoparticles functionalized with folic acid using a photochemistry method. The bioconjugate folic acid-gold nanoparticle was generated in one step using a photo-reduction method, mixing hydrogen tetrachloroaurate with folic acid in different ratios and varying the illumination time of a mercury lamp (λ = 255 nm). Scanning electron microscopy showed a particle size of around 40–50nm and dynamic light scattering exhibited that the zeta potential varies from −41 to −50mV with different illumination times. Storage in the dark at 4°C prolongs the stability of folic acid-gold nanoparticle suspensions to up to 26 days. Ultraviolet visible and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed a surface plasmon band of around 534nm and fluorescence spectroscopy exhibited a quenching effect on gold nanoparticles in the fluorescence emission of folic acid and thus confirmed the conjugation of folic acid to the surface of gold nanoparticles. In this study we demonstrate the use of a photochemistry method to obtain folic acid-gold nanoparticles in a simple and rapid way without the use of surfactants and long reaction times. The photochemical synthesis of FA-AuNPs opens new perspectives for creating novel functional nanomaterials for biomedical applications.
Media Clips: Boulder Lottery; The Probability of Slot Machines
Authors: McGowan Kristy B. , Lowe Spicer Nathan J.
Published: September 2013

Students analyze items from the media to answer mathematical questions related to the article. The clips this month, from the Colorado State lottery and a Marilyn vos Savant column on probability, involve probability and counting problems.
The Back Page: My Favorite Lesson: Why Do We Need Proof?
Authors: Shiver Janet M.
Published: September 2013

A well-known counting problem convinces students that proof is necessary.
Les voyageurs italiens et le fait français au Canada (17e-21e siècles)
Authors: Sanfilippo Matteo
Published: September 2013

Toute une tradition de voyageurs italiens en Nouvelle-France, au Canada français et enfin au Québec nous permet en effet de suivre les développements de l’opinion italienne autour du fait français au Canada. Nous partirons des relations des jésuites (le père Francesco Giuseppe Bressani) et des traductions italiennes de mémoires du 17e siècle (par exemple, ceux d’Henri Tonti, qui d’ailleurs était né en Italie, sur l’exploration du Mississippi et de la Louisiane). Nous poursuivrons par les réflexions des « touristes » qui, après la Révolution américaine, visitent la vallée du Saint-Laurent afin de comprendre la différence entre les États-Unis et les nouvelles colonies britanniques. Nous évoquerons aussi les réflexions des exilés du Risorgimento italien qui arrivent pendant la première moitié du 19e siècle. Enfin, en ce qui concerne le Québec dans la Confédération, nous comparerons les récits de voyage publiés par des journalistes et des romanciers aux rapports sur la Province rédigés par des diplomates de l’Italie et du Vatican. Même si la plupart de ces rapports diplomatiques n’ont pas été publiés, ils étaient conçus pour être lus ; de plus, ils ont influencé sinon l’opinion publique, au moins celle des experts.
Les partis politiques municipaux
Authors: Mévellec Anne , Tremblay Manon
Published: September 2013

La scène politique municipale québécoise est le théâtre d’une augmentation rapide du nombre de partis politiques dans des villes de toute taille. Cet article est l’occasion de dépasser ce simple constat pour analyser les effets, sur la conquête et l’exercice du pouvoir municipal, de la présence des partis politiques municipaux. L’idée qui nous inspire veut que leur avènement s’inscrive dans un processus de « westminsterisation » de la politique municipale, c’est-à-dire une polarisation gouvernement/opposition de la scène politique municipale. Afin d’explorer cette hypothèse, les partis politiques municipaux sont analysés à partir de trois axes dégagés de la littérature sur leurs homologues nationaux, soit leur rôle d’organisation, de machine électorale, et de représentation et de gouverne. Il ressort que les partis politiques municipaux rejoignent en plusieurs points leur vis-à-vis provinciaux et fédéraux. En effet, ces organisations recrutent des candidat/e/s et visent à les faire élire. Par l’intermédiaire de leurs élu/e/s, les partis politiques municipaux participent au processus décisionnel tant dans le contenu des décisions que dans la structuration même de ce processus. Par ailleurs, ils ne sauraient être entièrement assimilés aux partis provinciaux et fédéraux, dans la mesure où ils affichent un degré de formalisation moindre qui se manifeste, par exemple, dans une discipline moins stricte de leurs troupes, un rôle plus prépondérant du chef-candidat à la mairie et une pérennité des organisations partisanes moins assurée.
Structure analysis of the generalized correlator of quark and gluon for a spin-1/2 target
Authors: Lorcé C. , Pasquini B.
Published: September 2013

Abstract

We analyze the structure of generalized off-diagonal and transverse-momentum dependent quark-quark and gluon-gluon correlators for a spin-1/2 hadron. Using the light-front formalism, we provide a parametrization in terms of the parton generalized transverse-momentum dependent distributions that emphasizes the multipole structure of the correlator. The results for the quark-quark correlation functions are consistent with an alternative parametrization given in terms of Lorentz covariant structures. The parametrization for the gluon-gluon generalized correlator is presented for the first time and allows one to introduce new correlation functions which can be relevant for phenomenological applications.
Community pharmacists’ interventions with electronic prescriptions in England: an exploratory study
Authors: Franklin Bryony Dean , Reynolds Matthew James , Hibberd Ralph , Sadler Stacey , Barber Nick
Published: September 2013

Background Prescribing errors in primary care are problematic. The electronic prescription service (EPS) is an English electronic system linking prescribing, dispensing and reimbursement, designed to rectify some of the problems associated with paper-based prescribing. Objective To document the numbers and types of interventions made by community pharmacists and their staff using EPS release 2 (EPSR2), compare these with those made for other prescription types, and comment on potential effects of EPSR2 on pharmacy practice. Methods We invited staff in 15 community pharmacies to record problems encountered arising from failures in prescribing, dispensing or supply systems for prescribed medication, for a 2 week period. Results Eight pharmacies participated, of which five used EPSR2. These pharmacies reported 69 problems with 68 prescriptions (median 7.5 problems per pharmacy, range 2–22). A total of 33 problems were clinical in nature and 6 were organisational or logistical in origin. Thirty unsigned prescriptions were reported, all non-EPSR2. Of the 69 problems, eight were primarily related to EPSR2 functionality. Conclusion EPSR2 should reduce the number of unsigned prescriptions in circulation. However, prescribers should avoid the use of Latin abbreviations that cannot be interpreted directly by patients, and consider the compatibility of regularly prescribed items with the NHS dictionary of medicines and devices.
The Correlation of Phrases and Feelings with Disability
Authors: Dijk Pim A.D. van , Bot Arjan G.J. , Neuhaus Valentin , Mudgal Chaitanya S. , Ring David
Published: September 2013

Background

Patient expressions reflect disability and psychological factors. The aim of this study was to list common phrases and feelings in hand surgery practice and to prospectively study the correlation of these phrases and to correlate them with possible associated feelings and disability.

Methods

Eighty-three patients completed the short version of the disabilities of arm, shoulder and hand (QuickDASH) questionnaire to measure disability, the pain self-efficacy questionnaire (PSEQ) to study coping, and a pain scale. The patients also completed the phrases and feelings questionnaire, which list verbal expressions patients often use. Pearson's correlation was used to test the correlation of continuous variables, and independent t test and one-way ANOVA were used for categorical variables. All variables with p <0.08 were inserted in a multivariable regression.

Results

There was a large correlation between the individual phrases and feelings questions with PSEQ and QuickDASH. The best model for the combined phrases questionnaire included pain, PSEQ, smoking, and other pain conditions. The best model for the combination of all the feelings questions included PSEQ, pain, and marital status. The best model for QuickDASH included phrases, PSEQ, prior treatment, and working status, with phrases being the strongest factor.

Conclusions

Patients use specific phrases that indicate the magnitude of their disability and the effectiveness of their coping strategies. Providers should respond to these phrases by empathetically acknowledging these aspects of the human illness experience.
Plasma Modified Membrane for Daily Recovery of Oil from Repeated Frying Operation with Frequent Oil Replenishment
Authors: Onal‐Ulusoy Baran , Tur Eren , Mutlu Mehmet
Published: September 2013

Sunflower oil was used for deep frying of potatoes at 170 ± 5 °C and for 8 h per day for 5 days in a fryer with an automatic oil filtration system. Three different frying operations were performed: operation (OP)‐1, OP‐2 and OP‐3; that correspond to the oil unfiltered at the end of each frying day, the oil filtered through the fryer's own filter (passive filtration) and the oil firstly subjected to passive filtration and then filtered through a polyethersulfone membrane modified with hexamethyldisiloxane via radio frequency plasma (75 W‐5 min, discharge power–time), respectively. The performance of each operation was investigated in terms of free fatty acids (FFA), conjugated dienoic acids (CD), TOTOX value, total polar content (TPC), Hunter color, viscosity, fatty acid composition, and tocopherol content. The results showed that OP‐3 could decrease FFA, CD, TOTOX, TPC, L*a*b* value, viscosity and linoleic acid (18:2)/palmitic acid (16:0) ratio in 29.6, 11.7, 25, 30.8, 6.1*11.3*20.8*, 7.8, 12.2 %, respectively, compared to the unfiltered oil (OP‐1). Regenerated oil from OP‐3 had a frying life approximately 17 h more than oils from both OP‐1 and OP‐2.
DHTKD1 is essential for mitochondrial biogenesis and function maintenance
Authors: Xu Wangyang , Zhu Houbao , Gu Mingmin , Luo Qingqiong , Ding Jieying , Yao Yuting , Chen Fuxiang , Wang Zhugang
Published: September 2013

Maintaining the functional integrity of mitochondria is crucial for cell function, signal transduction and overall cell activities. Mitochondrial dysfunctions may alter energy metabolism and in many cases are associated with neurological diseases. Recent studies have reported that mutations in dehydrogenase E1 and transketolase domain‐containing 1 (DHTKD1), a mitochondrial protein encoding gene, could cause neurological abnormalities. However, the function of DHTKD1 in mitochondria remains unknown. Here, we report a strong correlation of DHTKD1 expression level with ATP production, revealing the fact that DHTKD1 plays a critical role in energy production in mitochondria. Moreover, suppression of DHTKD1 leads to impaired mitochondrial biogenesis and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus leading to retarded cell growth and increased cell apoptosis. These findings demonstrate that DHTKD1 contributes to mitochondrial biogenesis and function maintenance.
Soziale (Gesundheits-) Ökonomik
Authors: Güntert Bernhard , Thiele Günter
Published: September 2013

Einleitung

Ökonomik sollte die Lehre zum menschlichen Handeln im Alltag unter Berücksichtigung wirtschaftlicher Aspekte sein. Davon ist sie heute jedoch weit entfernt. Gründe dafür sind unzureichende Grundannahmen zum Menschen, ausgeblendete Aspekte des menschlichen Lebens und Kurzfristigkeit. Trotz dieser Einschränkungen hat die Ökonomik große Erfolge gefeiert und die Gesellschaft stark beeinflusst. Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise zeigen jedoch die Grenzen der ökonomischen Theorie und die Kritik wird lauter. Eine soziale Ökonomie erfordert andere Perspektiven und Modelle. Institutionalismus und Public Health können zu einer sozialen (Gesundheits-) Ökonomie beitragen.
Smale spaces via inverse limits
Authors: WIELER SUSANA
Published: September 2013

A Smale space is a chaotic dynamical system with canonical coordinates of contracting and expanding directions. The basic sets for Smale’s Axiom $A$ systems are a key class of examples. We consider the special case of irreducible Smale spaces with zero-dimensional contracting directions, and characterize these as stationary inverse limits satisfying certain conditions.
Multiple recurrence for non-commuting transformations along rationally independent polynomials
Authors: FRANTZIKINAKIS NIKOS , ZORIN-KRANICH PAVEL
Published: September 2013

We prove a multiple recurrence result for arbitrary measure-preserving transformations along polynomials in two variables of the form $m+ {p}_{i} (n)$, with rationally independent ${p}_{i} $ with zero constant term. This is in contrast to the single variable case, in which even double recurrence fails unless the transformations generate a virtually nilpotent group. The proof involves reduction to nilfactors and an equidistribution result on nilmanifolds.
The Trend of the Direct Primary
Authors: Boots Ralph S.
Published: September 2013

During the past few years there have been numerous proposals to repeal and to modify the direct primary laws, and many changes have been made. In the opinion of those who consider the direct primary one of the leading political reforms of the present century, this activity is due to the machinations of the routed politicians conspiring to restore their power; in the opinion of others, less confident of the merits of the direct primary, it is the natural outcome of the defects which have appeared in the operation of this system. An examination of the more important changes proposed and of those made since 1918, may serve to throw some light on the situation at the present time.

Lack of space prevents the presentation in detail of the proposals for modifications of the direct primary laws which have appeared in the legislatures within the last three years. Of course the mere fact that a certain change was presented in the form of a bill furnished no indication of public opinion, nor of legislative opinion, nor of the strength of the advocates of the change. It is true, however, that several of the measures enacted were passed after one or more defeats.
ON A QUESTION OF J. M. RASSIAS
Authors: FECHNER WŁODZIMIERZ
Published: September 2013

Answering a problem posed by John Michael Rassias, we study the functional inequality$$\begin{eqnarray*}f(x+ y+ xy)\leq f(x)+ f(y)+ f(xy),\end{eqnarray*}$$with real unknown mapping$f$.
FINITE HIGHER COMMUTATORS IN ASSOCIATIVE RINGS
Authors: LANSKI CHARLES
Published: September 2013

If $T$ is any finite higher commutator in an associative ring $R$, for example, $T= [[R, R] , [R, R] ] $, and if $T$ has minimal cardinality so that the ideal generated by $T$ is infinite, then $T$ is in the centre of $R$ and ${T}^{2} = 0$. Also, if $T$ is any finite, higher commutator containing no nonzero nilpotent element then $T$ generates a finite ideal.
Missense mutation in the MEN1 gene discovered through whole exome sequencing co-segregates with familial hyperparathyroidism
Authors: ISAKOV OFER , RINELLA ERICA S. , OLCHOVSKY DAVID , SHIMON ILAN , OSTRER HARRY , SHOMRON NOAM , FRIEDMAN EITAN
Published: September 2013

Familial isolated hyperparathyroidism (FIHP) can be encountered in the context of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), hyperparathyroidism and jaw tumour syndrome (HPT–JT) and in familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia (FHH). In these syndromes, germline mutations in the relevant genes (MEN1, HPRT2 and CaSR, respectively) are detected. In some FIHP cases, the causative gene is still elusive. The objective of this study is to define the genetic basis of FIHP in a Georgian Jewish family with FIHP using whole exome capture and sequencing. DNA extracted from two sibs and one offspring from a single family all affected with multiglandular hyperparathyroidism was subjected to whole exome capturing and sequencing using the Roche NimbleGen V2 chip and the Illumina HiSeq2000 sequencing platform. Genetic variants were detected and annotated using a combination of the Genome Analysis Tool Kit and in-house scripts. Subsequent confirmation of the mutations and co-segregation analyses were carried out by Sanger sequencing in additional affected and unaffected family members. Whole exome capture and sequencing revealed the collection of variations common to the three-sequenced patients, including a very rare previously described missense mutation (c.T1021C: p.W341R) in the MEN1 gene. The p.W341R mutation in the MEN1 gene showed complete co-segregation in the family. Whole exome capture and sequencing led to the discovery of a missense mutation in the MEN1 gene and ruling out of the additional candidates in a single experiment. The limited expressivity of this mutation may imply a specific genotype–phenotype correlation for this mutation.
A very rare entity of diabetes insipidus associated with Edwards Syndrome
Authors: DEMIR NIHAT , DOĞAN MURAT , PEKER ERDAL , BULAN KEZIBAN , TUNCER OĞUZ
Published: September 2013

Edwards syndrome is the second most commonly seen trisomy. It was first described by John Hamilton Edwards in 1960. Although most cases result in termination or foetal loss, live births have been documented in 5%. Edwards syndrome is characterized by multisystem anomalies, of which holoprosencephaly (HPE) is observed in 4–8% of cases. The clinical findings correspond to the degree of HPE malformation. Convulsions and endocrinopathies are among the severe clinical findings. The most common endocrinopathies are central diabetes insipidus (DI), hypothyroidism, hypocortisolism and growth hormone deficiency. The coexistence of holoproencephaly and DI in Edwards syndrome was discussed under the light of literature.
The HanMinzu, Fragmented Identities, and Ethnicity
Authors: Joniak-Lüthi Agnieszka
Published: September 2013

This paper focuses on the majority population in the People's Republic of China—the Han—and their various collective identities. The Han play a pivotal role in consolidating the Chinese territory and the multiethnic Chinese nation. Therefore, the governments in the twentieth century have invested substantial efforts in promoting a unitary Han identity. In spite of that, powerful local identities related to native place, occupation, and family histories persist. This essay traces these identities and analyzes their intertwinement. Further, it discusses the question of ethnicity of both the Han and local identity categories, and concludes that while Han enact ethnicity in their relations to otherminzu, local identity categories are more social than ethnic. It further posits that moments of confrontation, “degree” of ethnicity, scales of categorization, and relationality of identities are notions that should be given particular attention in the studies of ethnicity in China and elsewhere.
Alterations in brain structure in adults with anorexia nervosa and the impact of illness duration
Authors: Fonville L. , Giampietro V. , Williams S. C. R. , Simmons A. , Tchanturia K.
Published: September 2013

Background

Brain structure alterations have been reported in anorexia nervosa, but findings have been inconsistent. This may be due to inadequate sample size, sample heterogeneity or differences in methodology.

Method

High resolution magnetic resonance images were acquired of 33 adult participants with anorexia nervosa and 33 healthy participants, the largest study sample to date, in order to assess whole-brain volume, ventricular cerebrospinal fluid, white matter and grey matter volume. Voxel-based morphometry was conducted to assess regional grey matter volume. Levels of depression, anxiety, obsessionality and eating disorder-related symptoms were measured and used to explore correlations with brain structure.

Results

Participants with anorexia nervosa had smaller brain volumes as well as a global decrease in grey matter volume with ventricular enlargement. Voxel-based morphometry revealed a decrease in grey matter volume spanning across the cerebellum, temporal, frontal and occipital lobes. A correlation was found between grey matter volume loss and duration of illness in the cerebellum and mesencephalon. No correlations were found with clinical measures.

Conclusions

Findings are in accordance with several previous studies on brain structure and match functional studies that have assessed the symptomatology of anorexia nervosa, such as body image distortion and cognitive bias to food. The correlation with duration of illness supports the implication of cerebellar atrophy in the maintenance of low weight and disrupted eating behaviour and illustrates its role in the chronic phase of anorexia nervosa. The lack of other correlations suggests that these findings are not related to the presence of co-morbid disorders.
How is affective instability defined and measured? A systematic review
Authors: Marwaha S. , He Z. , Broome M. , Singh S. P. , Scott J. , Eyden J. , Wolke D.
Published: September 2013

Background

Affective instability (AI) is poorly defined but considered clinically important. The aim of this study was to examine definitions and measures of AI employed in clinical populations.

Method

This study was a systematic review using the PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, PsycArticles and Web of Science databases were searched. Also five journals were hand searched. Primary empirical studies involving randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs, controlled before and after, and observational investigations were included. Studies were selected, data extracted and quality appraised. A narrative synthesis was completed.

Results

A total of 11 443 abstracts were screened and 37 studies selected for final analysis on the basis that they provided a definition and measure of AI. Numbers of definitions for each of the terms employed in included studies were: AI (n = 7), affective lability (n = 6), affective dysregulation (n = 1), emotional dysregulation (n = 4), emotion regulation (n = 2), emotional lability (n = 1), mood instability (n = 2), mood lability (n = 1) and mood swings (n = 1); however, these concepts showed considerable overlap in features. A total of 24 distinct measures were identified that could be categorized as primarily measuring one of four facets of AI (oscillation, intensity, ability to regulate and affect change triggered by environment) or as measuring general emotional regulation.

Conclusions

A clearer definition of AI is required. We propose AI be defined as ‘rapid oscillations of intense affect, with a difficulty in regulating these oscillations or their behavioural consequences’. No single measure comprehensively assesses AI and a combination of current measures is required for assessment. A new short measure of AI that is reliable and validated against external criteria is needed.
Kythera Survey: preliminary report on the 1998 season
Authors: Broodbank Cyprian
Published: September 2013

This article is a preliminary report on the first (1998) season of the Kythera Survey, an intensive fiels survey concentrating on the central-eastern part of the island. This survey forms part of a wider projecr, whose aim is to explore the long-term insular dynamics of Kythera as a stepping stone, filter, and island with its own identy. Another central aim of this project, expanding on excavations at Kastri and the peak sancturary of Agios Georgios, is to shed new light on minoanisation as a spatial phenomenon in the island's landscape. In 1998 c. 13 sq. km were investigated, revealing 26 archaelogical sites. The peak periods of settlement in the surveyed area are the Early Bronze Age. Second Palace Period, Classical-Roman periods, and the last few centuries before the present. Poorly represented, or absent, are sites of later Neolithic, First Palace Period, Third Palace Period, Post-Palatial to Archaic, and Late Roman to Medieval date. Early Bronze Age sites are of Early Helladic character, whilst the Second Palace Period sites follow the minoanised culture of Kastri; together with a few finds of early minoanising material on Early Helladic sites, and the absence of evidence for the First Palace Period, these results provide new perspectives on the process of minoanisation on Kythera.
In the Shadow of history: the emergence of archaeology
Authors: Saatsoglou-Paliadeli Chryssoula
Published: September 2013

This article reconsiders from a methodological point of view some of the ways in which the ancient Macedonians and their culture have been assessed by recent historians. It is inspired by Professor E. N. Borza's book on this issue, where archaeological material is widely used in ways which do not always accord with the data or their interpretation. It has to be noted that the article is focused only on the evidence deriving from Vergina, a site of which the author has a direct knowledge, due to participation in its archaeological research over a long period.
The Homeric ‘Windy Enispe’: a Prehistoric Settlement in North-Western Arcadia near the River Ladon
Authors: Syriopoulos C. T.
Published: September 2013

In 1939, during road construction near the modern village Dimitra in the district of Gortynia in north-western Arcadia, digging works brought to light considerable prehistoric remains from the eastern slope of a small hill called Troupes (= ‘holes’) about 2 km. north-east of the village of Dimitra.
Space and decoration in Hellenistic houses
Authors: Westgate R. C.
Published: September 2013

The decoration of Hellenistic houses can be understood in terms of hierarchies, which marked out the relative importance of the rooms and spaces in the house. In mosaics, the hierarchy is related to the materials used and the complexity of the design; wall painting is capable of expressing more subtle distinctions, through a combination of colours, motifs, decorative friezes, and architectural features in stucco relief. Surviving houses from Delos, Morgantina and Monte Iato are analysed in detail to explain how their decoration might have worked, and from these examples some conclusions are drawn about changes in the use of domestic space in the late Hellenistic period.
Agricultural Systems, Land Tenure, and the Reforms of Solon
Authors: Gallant T. W.
Published: September 2013

The reforms of Solon have been a source of debate for many years now. The number of articles, chapters, and books written about them is legion. The justification for the present attempt is that it approaches the problem from a slightly different angle. The overriding aims of this paper are: (a) to elucidate what the agricultural system was in this period and to demonstrate that it did not ‘change with glacial slowness’ and that farmers were not incapable of increasing production; (b) to propose the adoption of a slightly different theoretical framework for analysing the culture of Greece in the eighth and seventh centuries B.C. Here, as in so many studies of archaic economies, the main schools of thought are the formalists and the substantivists; the formalists can be further broken down into the capitalists and the Marxists (see below p. 119). Proponents of both sides use predominantly, though not exclusively, analogies derived from Medieval Europe; this, as I shall argue shortly, has led to some serious misunderstandings. Feudal Europe was the culmination of a long development which was very different from that which preceded archaic Greece. Although it is possible to see some resemblances, on the whole they were two distinct cultures.
Further Excavation of the Toumba Cemetery at Lefkandi, 1981
Authors: Popham M. R. , Touloupa E. , Sackett L. H.
Published: September 2013

At Easter 1981, as part of a joint Greek-British investigation of the region of ‘Toumba’ at Lefkandi in Euboea, a further area of the known cemetery there was excavated. The Greek Archaeological Service was represented by Mrs. E. Touloupa, previously Ephor of Euboea, and the British School by M. R. Popham and L. H. Sackett: the operation was under the general supervision of the Ephor, Mr. P. Kalligas.

Since the results of the previous excavations in this and the other cemeteries have recently been published with a full commentary, we have decided to give a quick and more summary account of the new finds as a supplement to the main publication to which reference is made for detailed discussion.
The silver ore-processing workshops of the Lavrion region
Authors: Kakavoyannis Evangelos
Published: September 2013

The development in the Classical period of washeries where the crude ores were processed for smelting marked a big step forward in Athenian silver production, since they made it possible to exploit the hitherto unusable poorest argentiferous deposits. The discovery and excavation of the washeries and ergasteria have illuminated the technological advance from the pre-Classical two-phase to the Classical three-phase system. The earliest washeries were located perforce close to natural water sources, but when these became inadequate for the growing needs of the industry, ergasteria were built which, in addition to a washery, had a cistern to collect recyclable rainwater, and could thus be located close to the ore sources. Small communities in which the personnel lived and died grew up around them.
New evidence on the von Mercklin class of rhyta: a black-gloss rhyton from Agrileza, Laureion, Attica
Authors: Ebbinghaus Susanne , Jones J. Ellis
Published: September 2013

From the 1997 excavations at a Lavrion silver-mine ore washery, Agrileza Compound B, datable to the fourth century BC, came a fragmentary black gloss ram head rhyton of the so-called von Mercklin Class. The rhyton from Agrileza is at present the only known example of this group with a well-defined archaeological context, and is therefore taken as the basis for a review of the regional and chronological attributions of von Mercklin rhyta in several European museums. A discussion of the relationship of these rhyta to the much more common and better known Attic red-figure animal-head vases sketches the background against which the rare occurrence of pouring vessels with animal foreparts in the repertoire of mainland Greek potters has to be seen.
Sellopoulo Tombs 3 and 4, Two Late Minoan Graves near Knossos
Authors: Popham Mervyn R. , Catling E. A. , Catling H. W.
Published: September 2013

Sellopoulo is a small village, on the east bank of the river Kairetos, less than 2 kilometres north of Knossos. The fields immediately bordering the stream are fairly flat but the land soon rises in a series of step-like hills. Here surface soil is thin and the rock immediately underlying it is mostly the local kouskouras, a soft limestone easily cut. The geology of the region is, then, very suitable for chamber tombs. Indeed, the extensive Zafer Papoura cemetery, excavated by Evans, is on the west slope above the river, almost exactly opposite the tombs we shall be considering.

Hogarth was the first to excavate at Sellopoulo. In 1900, in low-lying ground on the southwest edge of the village, he found what he describes as a ‘tholus tomb built of small stones’ in which were ‘three rudely painted chest urns standing side by side, all rifled in antiquity’. This tomb can no longer be seen.