bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Welding Electrodes on the Basis of the Graphite Materials
Authors: Tursunov A. S. , Turdaliev U. M.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. In the context of global competition, the high-quality products of the enterprises from the developed countries occupy the leading positions in the world markets, which causes the growth of demand for graphite products. Graphite, due to its unique properties, is used in various industries, including the production of high-temperature furnaces, electrodes for welding and cutting, as well as in battery production technology. The aim of the study is to investigate and analyse the properties of graphite electrodes, their application in welding processes and to evaluate their competitive advantages compared to other types of electrodes. The work is aimed at identifying the features of using graphite electrodes in various industries, such as steelmaking, metallurgy and chemical industry, as well as studying their physical and chemical properties, which make them efficient for the use at high temperatures and in corrosion conditions.

Materials and Methods. The research was carried out with reference to the Tazkazgan graphite mine located in the Central Asia. The chemical composition and carbon content of the graphite ore were analysed, which made it possible to classify it into groups by quality. It was found that the ore contains up to 51.8% of graphite and other components that affect its properties.

 Results. The obtained data show that graphite from the Tazkazgan deposit can be classified by carbon content into low-carbon, medium-carbon and high-carbon, which allows it to be recommended for the production of welding electrodes. The chemical composition of the ore indicates its capacity to be used in various industrial applications.

Discussion and Conclusion. Graphite materials mined at the Tazkazgan mine are attributed with the significant quality characteristics, which make them competitive in the market. Further research should focus on optimising processing and application of graphite in new technologies to make the most of its unique properties.
Ajonopeudet ja jalankulkijan turvallisuus
Authors: Pasanen Eero
Published: January 2025

Keskustaliikenteen ajonopeuksilla on ratkaiseva vaikutus jalankulkijoiden turvallisuuteen. Turvallisuuteen vaikuttavat ennen kaikkea jonojen kärjessä tai aivan erikseen liikkuvat ns. vapaat ajoneuvot. Helsingissä videoidut onnettomuudet osoittavat, etteivät jalankulkijat eikä muu liikenne yleensä törmää jonossa ajaviin ajoneuvoihin. Nimenomaan keskustaliikenteessä voidaan nopeusrajoituksilla saada suuret onnettomuusmäärät pienillä matkustusaikojen pidennyksillä.
Suun terveydenhuollon tuloksellisuus suhteessa hoidon painotuksiin
Authors: Vehkalahti Miira , Helminen Seppo
Published: January 2025

Tutkimuksen aineistona ovat Helsingin terveyskeskuksen suun terveydenhuollon toiminta- ja taloustiedot vuosilta 1989, 1990 ja 1991. Tuloksellisuuden eroja Helsingin seitsemän terveyskeskuksen välillä arvioitiin suhteessa hoidon painotuksiin ja käyttökustannuksiin. Tuloksellisuutta kuvattiin DMF-indeksin muutoksella vuodesta 1989 vuoteen 1991 kouluikäisten ikäkohorteissa (n = 28 000). Hoito tyypitettiin tutkimuksiin (myös röntgenkuvaus), ehkäisyyn, paikkauksiin (myös juurihoidot) sekä muuhun hoitoon. Hoidon painotuksia kuvattiin näiden osuuksilla kaikesta annetusta hoidosta ja sen markkinahinnasta. Kirjanpidon mukaiset käyttökustannukset vuosilta 1989 ja 1990 suhteutettiin käyntien määrään.
Karieksen vaurioittamien hampaiden määrä, DMF-indeksi, kasvoi tutkituissa 7 kohortissa koko kaupungissa 4.3 ja eri terveyskeskuksissa 3.3–5.3 DMF-hammasta. Vuotuinen kasvu hoidettua kohden oli 0.3 DMF-hammasta (aluevaihtelu 0.2–0.4). Ehkäisyhoidon painottamisessa havaittiin suurimmat erot. Sen osuus oli 21–34 % kaikista toimenpiteistä ja 20–33 % niiden markkinahinnasta.
Suun terveydenhuollon tuloksellisuus oli vahvasti sidoksissa hoidon painotukseen. DMF-indeksin kasvu kahden vuoden seuranta-aikana oli selvästi vähäisempää niissä terveyskeskuksissa, jotka toteuttivat ehkäisypainotteista hoitoa (r = 0.81).
Tutkimuksella parempaan terveydenhuoltoon
Authors: Aro Seppo , Leppo Kimmo
Published: January 2025

Terveydenhuoltotutkimus tarkastelee terveyspalvelujen suhdetta terveyteen liittyviin tekijöihin ja palvelujen tarpeeseen, tarkoituksenmukaisuuteen, käyttöön, tehokkuuteen, vaikuttavuuteen ja kustannuksiin. Suomalainen terveydenhuoltotutkimus on viimeisen vuosikymmenen aikana vahvistunut. Nopeasti muuttuva terveydenhuollon toimintaympäristö on haaste myös tutkimukselle. Keinorationaalisen tutkimuksen ohella tarvitaan myös päätöksentekokriittistä terveyspolitiikkaa ja terveydenhuoltoa arvioivaa tutkimusta. Kansainvälisesti kiinnostus terveydenhuollon vaikuttavuustutkimukseen on lisääntynyt.
Nuorten ja nuorten aikuisten psyykkisen oireilun sukupuoli- ja sosiaaliluokkaerot
Authors: Eriksson Maria , Lahelma Eero , Rahkonen Ossi
Published: January 2025

Tutkimuksessa kuvattiin 15-24 -vuotiaiden nuorten aikuisten psyykkistä oireilua. Huomiota kiinnitettiin yhtäältä sukupuolieroihin, toisaalta sosiaaliluokkien eroihin. Aineistona käytettiin Tilastokeskuksen keräämää vuoden 1986 elinolotutkimusta. Psyykkistä oireilua mitattiin yhdeksällä oireosiolla. Oireilun sukupuolierot olivat selvät, mutta sosiaaliluokkien erot vähäiset. Maanviljelijäperheiden nuoret ilmaisivat vähiten oireita. Tulokset ovat yhdenmukaiset nuorten terveydentilan sosiaaliluokkaeroja selvittäneiden aikaisempien tutkimusten kanssa.
Kohdunpoistoleikkauksen esiintyvyys ja taustatekijät Suomessa
Authors: Luoto Riitta , Hemminki Elina , Topo Päivi , Uutela Antti , Kangas Ilka
Published: January 2025

Artikkelissa kuvataan kohdunpoistoleikkauksen yleisyyttä Suomessa, leikkauksessa olleiden naisten sairastavuutta, oireilua ja sosioekonomisia taustatekijöitä sekä omia käsityksiä kohdunpoistoleikkauksesta ja sen syistä. Kyselylomake postitettiin vuonna 1989 2000:lle väestörekisteristä satunnaisesti valitulle 45-64-vuotiaalle naiselle. Vastausprosentti kahden muistutuksen jälkeen oli 86. Viidesosalle (19 %, N = 329) vastanneista oli tehty kohdunpoistoleikkaus, 5 %:lle samalla molemminpuolinen munasarjojen poisto. Pisimpään koulutettujen joukossa oli vähemmän kohduttomia kuin lyhyempään koulutettuihin. Kohdunpoistoleikkauksessa olleet raportoivat enemmän oireita ja heillä oli vähemmän lapsia kuin muilla; muiden taustatekijöiden suhteen ei ollut mainittavia eroja. Kohduttomista 41 % ilmoitti use haluavansa leikkausta, neljäsosalla naisista ei ollut selkeitä kantaa leikkauksen puolesta tai sitä vastaan. Tutkimuksen tulokset antavat aihetta lisätutkimuksiin mm. kohdunpoistoon liittyvistä päätöksenteosta, aluevaihtelusta ja pitkäaikaisseurauksista.
Kyynisyyden hinta
Authors: Karvonen Martti J.
Published: January 2025

Kirjoitus esittelee Yhdysvalloissa tehdyn kohorttitutkimuksen, jonka 25 vuoden seurannassa kyynisyys osoittautui miesten kokonaiskuolleisuuden vaaratekijäksi. Kyynisyyteen liittynyt liikakuolleisuus ei rajoittunut mihinkään suurista tautiryhmistä, eivätkä sitä liioin selittäneet klassiset vaaratekijdt. Tulokset virittivät pohdintaa jatkotutkimusten tarpeesta ja ehkäisyn mahdollisuuksista.
Diabetekseen liittyvät hallintakäsitykset ja terveysuskomukset hoitomuodon ja diabetestyypin mukaan
Authors: Aalto Anna-Mari , Kangas Tero
Published: January 2025

Tässä kyselyaineistoon pohjautuvassa tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan diabetesta koskevien kognitiivisten käsitysten (hallintakäsitykset, pystyvyyden tunne ja terveysuskomukset) rakennetta ja keskinäisiä yhteyksiä sekä eroja, joita näissä käsityksissä vallitsee diabetestyypin ja hoitomuodon mukaan. Tutkimusaineisto (n=954) poimittiin Kelan erityiskorvattaviin lääkkeisiin oikeutettujen henkilöiden rekisteristä. Ulkoiset hallintakäsitykset korostuivat vanhemmissa ikäryhmissä, naisten, vähemmän koulutettujen ja naimattomien joukossa. Tyypin II ruokavalio- ja tablettihoitoisten joukossa korostui näkemys diabeteksen sattumanvaraisuudesta ja muiden ihmisten merkityksestä diabeteksen hallinnassa. Tulokset antavat viitteitä siitä, että insuliinihoitoon siirtyminen lisää potilaan hallinnan tunnetta sairautensa suhteen
Analysis of key parameters for peak performance in the triple jump
Authors: Hrubá Michaela , Hojka Vladimir
Published: January 2025

Analysis of key parameters for peak performance in triple jump. The study aims to determine the key biomechanical parameters of triple jump for world-class performance. The sub-objective is to predict the performance of leading Czech female athletes and classify the predicted performance level. Data were collected from publicly available biomechanical analyses of top-level, international athletic competitions on the World Athletics website (n=28). Kinematic parameters were analysed using statistical methods, namely correlation, cluster, and regression analyses. The research showed that there is no strong predictor of triple jump performance. Using 13 kinematic parameters, we can explain approximately 47 % of the variance. The strongest predictor appears to be velocity in the second step before the rebound.
KONSEP PENDIDIKAN PEREMPUAN DALAM ISLAM: TELAAH BUKU BUYA HAMKA BERBICARA TENTANG PEREMPUAN
Authors: Fauziah Ichsani , Iswati  , Cahyono Heri
Published: January 2025

Islam sangat menjunjung tinggi harkat dan martabat perempuan, yang menuntut agar perempuan memiliki pendidikan. Meskipun demikian, masih ada pandangan yang meremehkan pentingnya pendidikan tinggi bagi perempuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji konsep pendidikan perempuan dalam Islam dan pandangan Buya Hamka mengenai pendidikan perempuan dalam bukunya Buya Hamka Berbicara Tentang Perempuan. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif dan studi pustaka. Sumber data utama diperoleh dari buku Buya Hamka Berbicara Tentang Perempuan, sedangkan sumber data sekunder berupa jurnal, buku, dan artikel lainnya. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis konten. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Islam menganjurkan perempuan untuk menuntut ilmu, sebagaimana disebutkan dalam hadis yang menyatakan bahwa menuntut ilmu adalah kewajiban bagi setiap muslim, baik laki-laki maupun perempuan. Konsep pendidikan menurut Buya Hamka juga menekankan pentingnya perempuan yang terdidik untuk mengamalkan ilmu yang diperoleh dalam kehidupan keluarga dan masyarakat. Secara umum, konsep pendidikan dalam Islam dan pandangan Buya Hamka tidak saling bertentangan.
Percepciones parentales sobre hijos con alta capacidad y su experiencia escolar
Authors: Gomez-Arizaga María P. , Conejeros-Solar María Leonor , Catalán Sandra , Sandoval Rodríguez Katia , Schiller Sánchez Macarena
Published: January 2025

El artículo presenta las percepciones de los padres de hijos con alta capacidad en torno a la comprensión de dicha condición, así como su visión respecto a la experiencia escolar. Utilizando una metodología cualitativa se hicieron entrevistas grupales a 51 padres y madres de familia de cuatro escuelas chilenas. Los resultados muestran las percepciones de los progenitores sobre la alta capacidad y describen perfiles tanto tradicionales como atípicos; desde lo escolar, si bien existen experiencias positivas, señalan que el clima social de aula no es idóneo para los estudiantes con alta capacidad. Los progenitores son agentes críticos e informantes clave para la visibilización de la alta capacidad, tanto desde la identificación y la atención, como para brindar una mejor experiencia escolar a sus hijos a partir del reconocimiento de sus características y experiencias.
Study On the Consumption of Electronic Cigarettes in University Students in El Salvador, Period 2023
Authors: Pérez Fabio Bautista
Published: January 2025

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the consumption of electronic cigarettes in university students in El Salvador.
 
Theoretical framework: Electronic cigarettes heat a liquid that allows them to generate aerosol and be inhaled by their consumers. The liquid used for these devices contains nicotine, which is a highly addictive substance.
 
Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises a cross-sectional design with a descriptive approach. The study subjects were university students distributed in 14 private universities in El Salvador with a sample of 1,569 students. Data collection was carried out through a questionnaire directed to the students who completed it individually.
 
Results and Discussion: The consumption of electronic cigarettes in the last 30 days was 5.9%, it was found that men consume more than women (3.1% and 2.9% respectively). The days with the most frequency of consumption were one and two days. Other authors found a lower prevalence of consumption, which was 2.5%. In Chile, consumption in the last month was low at 1.1% and in New Zealand it was 1%
 
Research Implications: The results may be applied or influence practices in the field of e-cigarette or vaping research at the primary and secondary level.
Originality/Value: The data obtained in this research suggests that these products are having a rapid dissemination among young university students in the country, which makes it necessary to carry out a campaign to stop this scourge that affects them.
A Marxist Feminism Critics on John Lennon’s Mother
Authors: Hariyono  , Rindrah Kartiningsih  , Kusuma Wijaya
Published: January 2025

Modern people tend to have problems with multi faces of life. People get happiness fromthe indulgence of buying things as the impacts of industrialization, and on the other hand,they get alienation in their lives. This double point of view of life can be seen through thelife of labor in big cities around the world, especially when it is related to the life ofpeople in western countries, as the research focuses on how to understand the life of JohnLennon related to his own experience of having a mother and a father coming-from aworking class society. It is an urgent matter to comprehend such life so that people cando something about it. The theory employed is Marxist Feminism. The research methodapplied was descriptive qualitative, made use of a biographical approach. Lennon’sMother is an expression of his feelings about his past related to his childhood as the sonof working-class people. Lennon undergoes feeling of alienation. Capitalism oppresseswomen as workers, but patriarchal oppresses women as women, and those things affectwomen’s identity and activityKeywords: Alienation; John Lennon; Marxist Feminism; Mother
Analysis of Driver Drowsiness Detection System Based on Landmarks and MediaPipe
Authors: Badri Fawaidul , Ruhmana Sari Sulistya Umie , Bin Hamzah Shipun Anuar
Published: January 2025

Driver drowsiness is one of the leading causes of traffic accidents, especially during long-distance journeys. This study developed a detection system based on landmarks and the MediaPipe framework to analyze drowsiness through eye blink duration. The system employs coordinate point initialization using regression trees to accurately detect objects, such as eyes. The research data consists of 30 videos, each lasting 30 seconds, collected from four Trans Java bus drivers. The videos were extracted to identify facial detection histograms and analyzed based on eye blink duration. The testing results showed a detection accuracy of 81% with an error rate of 19% for distances of 10 to 100 cm, while testing with 30 videos achieved an average accuracy of 88.745% and a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 7.615%. The test results show that CNN outperforms MediaPipe in detecting drowsiness, with a higher average accuracy of 76.79% compared to 73.83% and a lower MSE value of 47.33 compared to 48.27. CNN is also more consistent in handling extreme lighting variations, while MediaPipe excels in processing efficiency, making it suitable for devices with limited resources. This study demonstrates that the landmarks and MediaPipe-based system effectively and innovatively detects drowsiness, offering a solution to improve driver safety during trips.
Identifying Barriers, Facilitators, and Outcomes of Iranian Men’s Participation in Pregnancy and Childbirth Care: A Scoping Review
Authors: Bozorgian Leila , Javadnoori Mozhgan , Irvani Mina , Montazeri Simin
Published: January 2025

Background: Men’s involvement in pregnancy and childbirth care is crucial for the well-being of both the mother and the child. However, in many countries, the importance of men’s participation in women’s and babies’ health is undervalued. The study aimed to conduct a scoping review of Iranian studies focusing on men’s involvement in pregnancy and childbirth care.
Materials and Methods: A scoping review was conducted following Arksey and O'Malley’s six-step scoping review framework and PRISMA guidelines. The systematic search was conducted in various databases, including Embase, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science, as well as Iranian databases like Magiran, Iran Medex, and SID, and the Google Scholar search engine, aimed to identify all relevant studies on the participation of Iranian men in the perinatal period from 2000 to 17 July 2023.
Results: A total of 19 studies were included in the analysis. The two researchers extracted the data separately. The opinions of two other researchers were used to resolve the disagreement between the two researchers. The data were divided into two overall categories. A- Types of studies and B- Barriers, facilitators, and consequences of men’s participation in the perinatal period qualitative data were extracted from the main studies. Thematic synthesis was used for the final stages of the analysis.
Conclusion: The participation of Iranian men in the perinatal period seems weak. To promote men’s involvement in the perinatal period, it is important to address cultural norms and societal expectations that may discourage men from getting involved. Education and awareness campaigns can help challenge these norms and emphasise the important role that men play in supporting maternal and child health.
Proteomic basis of antigenic shift of Coronavirus from animal to human hosts
Authors: Khaneja Poorna , Angel Annette , Angel Bennet , Joshi Vinod , Buvvaji Mohammed Shareef
Published: January 2025

Coronaviruses are RNA viruses which were first identified as chicken infections way back in the year 1920 from North America. Of the seven Human Coronavirus species, three viz. SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 have caused severe diseases. Low titre of neutralizing antibodies was seen in case of SARS-COV-2 as found in the previous infection of 2002-2003 i.e. SARS-CoV-1. When the genome profile of the current SARS-CoV-2 was compared with the older strains, it showed forty percent similarity with the MERS CoV. This indicates that origin of SARS-CoV-2 is basically from the non-human reservoirs viz. bat, camel, bovine, mice, snake etc. We aimed to study the number of nucleotide substitutions throughout the course of evolution in the coronaviruses. Clustal Omega multiple alignment tool was used for studying mutations in nucleotide and amino acid sequences. The structure of spike protein was designed using Swiss modelling and then interactions were studied by PyMOL.

On comparing the results of genome sequences in animal reservoirs, it was seen that in the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2, number of mutations have taken place enabling the zoonotic strain to find its way to internalize into human cells by using human Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE-2) as host receptor. Open Reading frame (ORF) region of SARS-CoV-2 had shown more number of mutation in coronavirus as compared to viral genome in bats. These mutations in Coronavirus of bats have enabled them as a serious diseases causing pathogens to humans.
The wins and failures of current docking methods tested on the flexible active site of cytochromes P450
Authors: Suwała Dominik , Hruška Eugen
Published: January 2025

In this work, we benchmark 4 selected open source docking engines for use in the cytochrome P450 protein family. The key enzymes family of phase I metabolism is characterized by a wide variety of accepted substrates due to flexible active site. This work is a benchmark study which aims to evaluate the capabilities of current rigid and induced-fit docking methods for prediction of correct heme-ligand orientation. To asses it, we use two unique distances to heme iron and a SuCOS score to quantify reconstruction of orientation and chemical features. We selected three rigid protein docking engines: GNINA, AutoDock VINA, GalaxyDock2 HEME and a flexible docking model, RosettaFold-All-Atoms to test them on a dataset of 128 CYP-binding ligands. We report mean absolute error for RosetttaFold-All-Atom on key distance, to the atom closest to heme iron in experimental reference structure, 3 times lower than AutoDock VINA engine in the same simulation. Our results indicate that induced fit method is a significant improvement over rigid methods for flexible active site, but still offer limited predictivity. During crossdocking, RosettaFold-All-Atoms was able to recreate over a quarter of distances up to 20 percent difference from experiment. Further analysis indicates a low overlap in the distribution of ligand chemical features, based on a SuCOS score, which suggests a space for further improvement.
A photoactive nickel complex provides evidence for a general Ni(I)/Ni(III) paradigm in cross-coupling catalysis
Authors: Anghileri Lucia , Baunis Haralds , Bena Aleksander R. , Giannoudis Christos , Burke John H. , Reischauer Susanne , Merschjann Christoph , Wallik Rachel F. , Adams Callum E. , Simionato Gianluca , Kovalenko Sergey , Al Said Tarek , Dell’Amico Luca , van der Veen Renske M. , Pieber Bartholomäus
Published: January 2025

Advances in nickel catalysis have significantly broadened the synthetic chemists’ toolbox, particularly through methodologies leveraging paramagnetic nickel species via photoredox catalysis or electrochemistry. Key to these reactions are oxidation state modulations of nickel via single electron transfer events. Recent mechanistic studies provided evidence that (Csp2)–heteroatom bond formations proceed through NiI/NiIII cycles. Related C(sp2)–C(sp3) cross-couplings were proposed to operate via generation of C-centered radicals and a catalytic cycle that involves Ni0, NiI and NiIII species. However, the exact mechanism of C(sp2)–C(sp3) couplings is still under debate. We demonstrate that light-mediated C(sp2)–C(sp3) bond formations can operate via a NiI/NiIII manifold without C-centered radical intermediates. In a pursuit to expand the scope of C(sp2)–heteroatom couplings using donor-acceptor ligands, we identified a photoactive nickel complex capable of catalyzing C(sp2)–C(sp3) cross-couplings between aryl halides and benzyltrifluoroborate salts without involving photoredox reactivity. Mechanistic investigations unveiled an unprecedented direct transmetalation between a NiI intermediate and the organoboron species that serves as the crucial catalytic step. Our study demonstrates that light-mediated C(sp2)–heteroatom and C(sp2)–C(sp3) cross-couplings can both proceed through similar NiI/NiIII cycles. This new paradigm for light-mediated nickel catalysis will be pivotal for the rational design of photoactive ligands and novel cross-coupling methodologies.
Dual-responsive phosphorus-based fluorescent sensors: synthesis and selective metal sensing of pyrazolyl phosphine oxides
Authors: Calder Ethan , Hawes Isobel , Jupp Andrew
Published: January 2025

Despite a wealth of previously reported frameworks for fluorescent metal sensors, there have been few examples of phosphorus-based fluorophores being used in metal sensing applications. Here, we report the synthesis and characterisation of a new family of pyrazolyl-phosphine oxides and their use in metal sensing applications. The mechanism of their formation has been probed in detail with both computational and experimental studies, rationalising the selectivity of the reaction. Their use as dual-responsive fluorescent metal sensors is then demonstrated, with ‘turn-off’ and ‘turn-on’ responses observed for Fe3+ and Al3+, respectively. These systems exhibit good selectivity, large Stokes shifts, and submicromolar limits of detection, and will open new avenues in phosphorus-based fluorophores and metal-sensing applications.
Curved Nanoelectrodes Trigger Bubble Detachment and Enhance Gas Evolution Efficiency
Authors: Wang Kaixin , Gadea Esteban , Money Benjamin , Perez Sirkin Yamila , Scherlis Damian , White Henry , Molinero Valeria
Published: January 2025

Nanobubble formation and pinning on nanoelectrodes significantly hinder the efficiency of gas evolution reactions, limiting the potential of hydrogen production technologies. This work uncovers the pivotal role of nanoelectrode curvature in influencing catalytic performance and nanobubble detachment. Using molecular dynamics simulations supported by experimental evidence, we establish that convex nanoelectrodes, such as those of hemispherical and spherical geometries, sustain higher catalytic performance by maintaining greater reactive surface exposure than flat or concave electrodes. Most importantly, we demonstrate that convex electrodes mitigate bubble pinning by promoting unlimited growth and spontaneous detachment. Surprisingly, our calculations reveal that bubble detachment contributes minimally to the overall current. Our findings provide a mechanistic framework for optimizing electrode geometry to enhance gas evolution efficiency, emphasizing the role of convex nanoparticles in maximizing surface exposure rather than relying primarily on bubble detachment dynamics to improve gas production rates.
Design and Optimization of an N-Pt-N Coordinated Phenalene Model for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Chukwu Chidi Daniel
Published: January 2025

Charge recombination, limited selectivity, and stability remain major challenges in the scaling of photocatalytic materials for hydrogen evolution reactions (HER). In this study, we address these issues by designing the N-Pt-N coordinated phenalene model, engineered to enhance photocatalytic efficiency through improved selectivity, reduced recombination, and broadened absorption peaks. Using ChemDraw for material modeling, DMOL3 in Material Studio for optical, electronic, and catalytic property calculations, and MATLAB for overpotential analysis, we investigate the model’s potential for hydrogen production. The observed HOMO-LUMO gap values are -0.02376, -0.02146, and 0.13246 eV, and the N-Pt-N phenalene derivative shows a spin range of -0.165 to 0.342. The nitrogen component exhibits a range of -0.003 to 0.171, with three distinct oscillation domes within the absorption ranges of 420-515 nm, 515-575 nm, and 575-625 nm. The Gibbs free energy difference between H⁺ and H (ΔG ≈ -0.082 eV) and the HER overpotential of 0.08 J demonstrate the material’s efficient reaction pathway. While the N-Pt-N model exhibits remarkable selectivity and stability, positioning it as a highly efficient photocatalyst for sustainable hydrogen production, challenges associated with charge recombination still require attention. These non-recombinant charge properties must be further studied and optimized to maximize the material’s photocatalytic potential and achieve scalable solutions for renewable energy applications.
Vision intelligence assists microstructural optimization of Ag-Bi-I perovskite-inspired materials
Authors: Nandishwara Kshithij Mysore , Cheng Shuan , Liu Pengjun , Zhu Huimin , Guo Xiaoyu , Massabuau Fabien C.-P. , Hoye Robert L.Z. , Sun Shijing
Published: January 2025

The slow progress in microstructural design for thin-film semiconductors remains a significant bottleneck in transitioning emerging materials into practical applications. While machine learning (ML) shows great promise in accelerating data analysis, effectively linking microstructural insights to actionable synthetic plans remains a complex challenge that surpasses the capabilities of a single model. We present the Daisy Visual Intelligence Framework, a computational platform using compound ML models for semiconductor microstructure optimization. Daisy integrates goal-oriented computer vision with an optimization agent to create a feedback loop between microstructural characterization and synthesis planning. Trained on historical synthesis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) data for Ag-Bi-I compounds, an emerging family of perovskite-inspired materials with promise for indoor photovoltaics, the framework demonstrates the ability to learn effectively from imbalanced and heterogeneous experimental datasets. The artificial intelligence agent within Daisy identified new processing windows, which were experimentally validated to produce thin films with larger grain sizes and reduced defect densities. Our work highlights the transformative potential of agentic learning using visual information in advancing microstructural design, bridging the gap between materials discovery and application readiness.
Heteroaryl Derivatives for Hole-Transport Layers Improve Thermal Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Kanda Hiroyuki , Mondal Santa , Eguchi Naoto , Nishimura Naoyuki , Hinuma Yoyo , Yamamoto Kohei , Yumoto Masaki , Tashiro Kenichi , Takada Hideyuki , Narazaki Aiko , Murakami Takurou N.
Published: January 2025

The thermal stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) remains a critical challenge for their integration into power grid applications. Incorporating additives into Spiro-OMeTAD has been shown to enhance conductivity, enabling increased thickness of the hole-transport layer (HTL), which is essential for scalable fabrication techniques such as blade coating for roll-to-roll processing. However, the sufficient thermally durable Spiro-OMeTAD with suitable additives has yet to be proposed. Here, we successfully demonstrate the thermal stable PSCs by employing novel heteroaryl additives in the Spiro-OMeTAD. These additives effectively control void formation in the HTL and minimize reactivity with the perovskite layer, significantly improving the thermal stability of PSCs at 85 °C. As a result, PSCs with 3-phenylpyridine and 2-phenylpyridine maintained 101% and 104% of their initial photoconversion efficiency after 2,400 hours of 85 °C test, respectively. As an added benefit, the improved charge extraction facilitated by the additives enhanced the photovoltaic performance, achieving a photoconversion efficiency of 25%. We reveal the mechanism of how the additive can improve the thermal stability of PSCs by comparing 38 novel heteroaryl derivatives and 60 additive combinations.
Revisiting random insertion for packing molecules in a box
Authors: de Gracia Triviño Juan Ángel
Published: January 2025

We present a simple yet efficient random (brute-force) algorithm for constructing solvated molecular systems. By placing solvent molecules at random positions and orientations within a simulation box, we circumvent the complexities typically associated with more sophisticated packing algorithms. The main computational cost lies in detecting and preventing steric overlaps between newly placed molecules and those already inserted. To address this, we employ a k-d tree—a data structure that partitions three-dimensional space—to query potential overlaps in near-logarithmic time with respect to system size. When combined with a dynamic batch insertion strategy, this method reduces the frequency of tree rebuilding and achieves nearly linear scaling for large systems, thereby avoiding the high overhead commonly incurred by naive O(N) distance checks.
The Emergence of Marriage Contracts and Religious Norms within Kazakh Customary Law
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Khamit Tabarak , Kerim Shamshadin , Imammadi Tussipkhan
Published: January 2025

This article examines family and marriage formation within the customary laws of traditional Kazakh society and the influence of religious norms. It analyzes the meaning and purpose of marriage from the perspectives of customary law and Islamic law (Sharia). The article details Kazakh marriage customs and characteristics, comparing their influence with that of Sharia law. It further analyzes the conditions for concluding a marriage agreement, including validity, entry into force, legal consequences, and the legal aspects of ancillary contracts. A comparative analysis of the roles of parents and authorized persons in the marriage contract is also provided. The article argues that the enduring importance of marriage and family formation – a crucial issue for contemporary society – rests on the parties’ understanding of the significance and responsibility inherent in marital commitment. It asserts that the family’s stability is directly linked to the stability of society, the state, and future generations. While revitalizing family values – particularly those based on mutual respect and humanity that extend beyond legal regulations – remains a critical challenge for both developed and developing nations, the article suggests that un-derstanding traditional Kazakh practices and religious norms can contribute to addressing contemporary family and legal issues.
THE CURRENT STATE AND WAYS OF IMPROVING ISLAMIC EDUCATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Beisenbayev Baktybay
Published: January 2025

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the Islamic education system in Kazakhstan, with special attention paid to its compliance with state educational standards. The study is aimed at introducing modern educational methods into curricula, its purpose is to study the processes of introducing modern education into Islamic curricula and to assess the impact of the introduction of modular, credit-modular systems on the training of religious specialists. During the study, an analytical systematic review of the literature was conducted using the PRISMA methodology based on publications in leading scientific databases (Google Scholar, Scopus, and Springer Link) for the period from 2009 to 2023. As part of the research methodology, a comparative comprehensive analysis of regulatory legal acts and statistical data related to the Islamic education system, as well as programs and methodological approaches of educational institutions training specialists in Islamic studies, was conducted. As a result of the study, 51 of the most relevant publications were selected, and based on them, the processes of adapting the Islamic education system to modern academic requirements were studied. The scientific and practical significance of this study is explained by its contribution to the development of educational methods in accordance with modern academic standards, while preserving religious values and traditions. In conclusion, the increase in the quality of training qualified specialists in Islamic studies in Kazakhstan is the result of effective integration into the secular educational environment. In addition, the need for further adaptation of educational programs to expand the network of Islamic educational institutions and the importance of continuing research aimed at training specialists in the field of religion were noted. This, in turn, will undoubtedly make a significant contribution to the social stability and cultural development of Kazakhstan.
ARCHETYPAL IMAGES OF A LITERARY FAIRY TALE
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Zhanysbekova Elmira , Safronova Luidmila
Published: January 2025

The paper is devoted to the study of archetypal images in the genre of literary fairy tales. Any au-thor’s work has a certain set of archetypal images that have their own special national meaning. Each image has its own specific functions that embody artistic, emotional, psychological, social and philo-sophical tasks. These tasks form the author’s final vision when choosing a particular image. One of such bright and frequent images in Kazakh folklore studies is the image of a young neophyte, a boy or a girl. A boy often personified in the image of a bald – Tazsha, which has been successfully transformed into the genre of a literary fairy tale. In the same way, the images of animals, which are the first characters in fairy tales as a whole, and the analogue of their visions have often been and still are indicative. An example of the analysis was the works of Guldana Mukhtarbekkyzy Tazsha bala: kundi kaitaru (Boy Tazsha: the return of the sun), Zaure Torekhanova Amina Turan in the country of nomads and Alibek Baibol Orman-dagy zhiyn (Meeting in the forest). To reveal the author’s intention and function of images, the method of post-Freudian analysis, the method of cognitive literary criticism, as well as the statistical method used to identify the frequency of images are used.
Mu’in ul-murid and kazakh literature of the early XX century: spiritual harmony – continuity of traditions
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Kydyr Torali , Ybyrayim Azimkhan , Tadzhiyev Khamidulla
Published: January 2025

One of the most important historical periods in the formation and development of the Kazakh country is the period of the Golden Horde. Today, the study of the contribution of the Golden Horde to the history of civilization and political-social, historical-cultural, spiritual and literary heritage is one of the most important issues. One of these literary relics is the work “Mu’in ul-murid”, written in a religious didactic style. The authors of the article set themselves the goal of revealing the history of writing and the artistic and ideological features of the mentioned written relic, as well as studying the continuity of the tradition continued through the Kazakh written literature of the early 20 th century.

Main directions and ideas: In the 20th century, Kazakh readers, poets and singers well understood the need to promote the conditions of faith and the rules of Sharia for the spiritual enlightenment of the country. Some poets expressed the conditions of faith in poetry, others propagated the rules of Sharia in the form of poems and stories.

Main results and analysis of the article: The article takes into account the influence of the work of Mu’in ul-Murid on the work of poets who lived at the beginning of the 20th century. In particular, the spiritual harmony of the works of such poets as Abai Kunanbayuly, Shakarim Kudaiberdiuly, Shortanbai Kanaiuly, Myrzhakyp Dulatuly was comparatively analyzed.

Practical significance of the work results: The research work identified aspects of the poets’ creativity that have not yet been published by the scientific community, and comparatively studied their manifestations in literary works.
CONVEYING LINGUISTIC INTERFERENCE IN AMERICAN MULTICULTURAL LITERATURE TRANSLATION
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Islam Aybarsha , Kozhbayeva Gulbakyt , Ndiaye I.A. , Roziyeva Dilfusa
Published: January 2025

The present paper explores the understudied area of translating texts that reflect cultural and lin-guistic pluralism. The article examines how linguistic interference such as code-switching, code-mixing, and contaminated speech manifests in American multicultural literature and how these elements are conveyed in literary translation. The methodological framework of the study involves linguacultural analysis, complex sampling, and translation analysis, which together facilitate the identification of in-terference types and the assessment of the adequacy of various translation strategies in preserving the authenticity of characters and the original structure of the text. A key focus is the linguacultural analysis of the pragmatic and stylistic functions of interference as expressive devices in the source multicultural text and their translation equivalents in the target text. The results emphasize the significance of adaptive translation solutions, such as transliteration with parallel translation, contextual adaptation, and other techniques that strike a balance between preserving foreign cultural elements and adapting them for the target linguaculture. The paper contributes to the study of linguacultural aspects of fiction translation and the development of approaches that ensure the preservation of cultural diversity and textual authenticity during translation, that is especially relevant in the context of cultural globalization.
REFLECTION OF THE KAZAKH-RUSSIAN-ENGLISH TRILINGUALISM IN OIL ERGONYMS
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Koptleuova Kulpash , Khairzhanova Akhmaral , Mukhamejanova Gulmira
Published: January 2025

A study of the language situation in the oil industry shows that currently the oil industry of Kazakh-stan is served by three languages and therefore it is trilingual (Kazakh, Russian, English). The article pro-vides a linguistic analysis of ergonyms for oil companies. The methods of forming ergonyms for the oil industry are the same as in common vocabulary. The main ones are ergonyms-phrases, ergonyms-com-pound words and abbreviations. A large group of names is formed through compounding. Toponyms act as mandatory elements in the formation of oil ergonyms – compound words.The main components of the ergonyms are the words «мұнай», «нефть» and «oil», which are not translated, although they have equivalent equivalents in all three languages under study. Interpenetrat-ing into languages, they become an integral part of the vocabulary of the Kazakh, Russian and English languages. When transferring names from one language to another and a third, transliteration occurs.The material for the study of ergonyms was selected from trilingual nominations of oil companies operating in five western regions of Kazakhstan. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that this material can be used as an additional source of information in the study of ergonyms and is considered as one of the stages on the path to further comparative research.
Experimental studies of prestressed steel-concrete wall girders
Authors: Semko Oleksandr , Hasenko Anton , Drobotia Oleksandr , Marchenko Dmytro
Published: January 2025

To reduce the cost of steel for the installation of load-bearing elements of the wall enclosure made of sandwich panels, it is suggested to use prestressed steel-concrete girders with reduced stiffness of the steel part of the cross-section in one plane instead of girders from the pipe. Thus, the span cross-section will be a U-shaped steel profile filled with concrete. Experimental tests were carried out on eight samples of 3000 mm long girders made of bent channel № 10, size 100x50 mm, with a wall thickness of 3 mm, filled with C20/25 class concrete. The prestressing of the cross-section steel part was carried out by pre-bending the cross-section steel part with jacks and fixing it in this position by filling the inner cavity with concrete. As a result of the implementation of these measures during experimental studies, an increase in bearing capacity up to 31% and stiffness up to 57% was confirmed in the case of preliminary bending of the channel and filling with concrete 1.6 times higher than the height of its shelves. The use of such beams makes it possible to reduce steel consumption by 39%.
РОЗВИТОК ЗЕЛЕНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ НА ЗАСАДАХ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОСТІ
Authors: Пшибельський Володимир , Шматковська Тетяна , Колосок Андрій
Published: January 2025

Introduction. In modern conditions, the development of a green economy is becoming one of the priority areas of modern global development, aimed at ensuring sustainable economic growth taking into account environmental constraints. The integration of the principles of social responsibility into the economic activities of enterprises creates the prerequisites for a harmonious combination of economic, social and environmental interests. All this requires in-depth research into the main aspects of the formation of a green economy on the principles of social responsibility, as well as identifying ways to increase the effectiveness of its implementation in business practice.
The purpose of the article. The purpose of the study is to identify key mechanisms for integrating the principles of social responsibility into the business processes of enterprises, assess their effectiveness for economic and environmental development to ensure a harmonious balance between socio-economic goals and the preservation of ecosystems.
Methods. The research process used an interdisciplinary approach, which includes an analysis of the theoretical foundations of the green economy and social responsibility, as well as approaches to their implementation. Systems analysis methods were used to assess the relationships between economic, social and environmental components, as well as comparative analysis to study international experience in implementing the green economy. Empirical methods were used to identify current problems and prospects for business development in the context of a socially responsible approach.
Results. The article examines the role of social responsibility as a fundamental basis of a green economy, which contributes to the harmonious combination of economic, environmental and social interests. The mechanisms of integrating the principles of social responsibility into business processes are analyzed, which include the introduction of environmentally friendly technologies, the reduction of harmful emissions and the rationalization of resource use in economic processes. The need to implement a strategy of socially responsible development in the activities of business entities is proven to ensure business competitiveness and promote environmentally safe conduct of economic activity. Social responsibility is defined as a functional tool for achieving sustainable economic progress and environmental protection. An organizational and economic mechanism for the functioning of a green economy based on social responsibility is formed.
Conclusions. It has been proven that the development of a green economy based on social responsibility is an important tool for ensuring sustainable economic growth that takes into account the environmental and social needs of society. It has been determined that the integration of these principles into the activities of enterprises contributes to increasing competitiveness, preserving natural resources, and forming a positive social reputation of business.
पंचायती राज एवं महिला सशक्तिकरण: हरियाणा के जींद जिले का एक समाजशास्त्रीय अध्ययन
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Joginder  , Malik Naveen , Singh Kulveer
Published: January 2025

पंचायती राज प्रणाली भारतीय लोकतंत्र का एक महत्वपूर्ण आधार है, जो ग्रामीण विकास और शासन में जनभागीदारी को बढ़ावा देता है। यह अध्ययन हरियाणा के जींद जिले के 10 गांवों में पंचायती राज के माध्यम से महिला सशक्तिकरण की स्थिति का समाजशास्त्रीय विश्लेषण प्रस्तुत करता है। अध्ययन का उद्देश्य यह समझना है कि पंचायतों में महिला प्रतिनिधित्व ने उनकी सामाजिक, आर्थिक और राजनीतिक स्थिति को किस हद तक प्रभावित किया है। चयनित गांवों में महिला सरपंचों और पंचों के अनुभव, उनके सामने आने वाली चुनौतियां, और उनके योगदान का अध्ययन किया गया। इसके लिए साक्षात्कार और क्षेत्रीय अवलोकन जैसे शोध उपकरणों का उपयोग किया गया। परिणाम बताते हैं कि महिला आरक्षण ने महिलाओं को पंचायतों में प्रवेश दिलाया है, लेकिन पितृसत्तात्मक सोच, शिक्षा का अभाव और सामाजिक दबाव अब भी उनकी प्रभावशीलता को सीमित करते हैं। हालांकि, कई महिला प्रतिनिधि अपनी भूमिकाओं के प्रति जागरूक हो रही हैं और निर्णय लेने की प्रक्रिया में सक्रिय भागीदारी कर रही हैं। अध्ययन का निष्कर्ष है कि पंचायती राज ने महिलाओं को सशक्त बनाने की दिशा में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई है, लेकिन इसे और प्रभावी बनाने के लिए नीतिगत सुधार, प्रशिक्षण कार्यक्रम और जागरूकता अभियानों की आवश्यकता है। ग्रामीण स्तर पर लिंग आधारित असमानताओं को समाप्त करने और महिलाओं को सशक्त नागरिक बनाने के लिए यह आवश्यक है कि सामुदायिक और सरकारी प्रयासों को और मजबूत किया जाए।