bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multimodal ayurvedic approach in the management of moderate SARS-COV2 infection with co-morbidities – A case report
Authors: Mythri H. S. , Mahto Raja R.
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic which has claimed more than 1.4 million lives as of today. This unprecedented period demands greatly for the traditional and native medical systems which are time-tested and holistic. Some of the recent studies have reported severe infection in individuals with comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, old age, etc. Ayurveda understands this condition as Agantuja Jwara of Sannipatika origin. Madhumeha (diabetes mellitus) is basically a disease of depleted Ojus (immunity) as per Ayurveda.

Methods:

Here, we report a case of COVID-19 in an elderly overweight patient with diabetes, which was managed successfully with Ayurvedic medicines, diet, lifestyle, yoga, and rejuvenative therapy.

Case Description:

A 70-year-old male consulted our physician through phone call and willfully wanted to take Ayurvedic management for COVID-19. On the 1st day of treatment, the patient complained of fever at 103 F, headache, and severe body ache. Later on, started with a cough, headache, shortness of breath, excessive thirst, etc. Based on the symptom cluster and food-exercise routine, Kapha and Pitta were the vitiated body humors.

Results:

After thorough Ayurvedic assessment, the patient was administered with Langhana, Pachana (procedures to improve digestive metabolism), anti-pyretic, and antidiabetic medications followed by yoga and pranayama. The patient was also advised rejuvenative therapy to prevent further post-COVID complications. Quality of Life was assessed with Quality of Life Instrument for Indian Diabetes Patients (QOLID) and EuroQol five-dimensional (EQ-5D). The patient was completely relieved from major symptoms in 4 days and tested negative after 12 days, with considerable improvement in QOL. The case was followed up for 60 days, and no post-COVID symptoms were reported.
Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on stool specimens by PCR among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Kesarwani Vasudha , Singh N. P. , Kashyap Bineeta , Kumar Amit
Published: February 2022

Background:

To detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis on stool specimens by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Detection of M. tuberculosis complex in sputum forms the basis of diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. However, some patients tend to swallow sputum and some are unable to produce sputum. Based on the survival of M. tuberculosis in the gastric fluid, swallowed organisms may be detectable in stool samples.

Methods:

The study was carried out on 30 cases each in four groups: sputum smear-positive and sputum smear-negative adults, pediatric patients suspected of pulmonary tuberculosis along with healthy controls. The samples were processed for direct microscopy for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) and M. tuberculosis culture. Stool PCR was done on all 120 samples.

Results:

AFB was demonstrated in 42 and cultured in 39 out of 240 samples. PCR-targeting IS6110 gene showed positive results in 24 (20%) out of 120 stool samples. PCR in stool showed the highest positivity in sputum smear-positive samples followed by gastric aspirates and sputum smear-negative samples.

Conclusion:

Stool PCR is a potentially useful diagnostic method for pulmonary tuberculosis.
Epidemiological determinants of COVID-19 in the police personnel
Authors: Sabale Rupali , Velhal Gajanan , Tripathi Vandana , Tripathi Saurabh
Published: February 2022

Background:

Police are the frontline warriors who themselves are at risk of getting corona infection. This research with considerable sample size is the first of its kind to assess the epidemiological determinants of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in the police personnel.

Material and Methods:

The Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) approval and permission from police authorities were taken. The cross-sectional, descriptive study was planned on randomly selected 375 police personnel in the month of September-November 2020. Police detected with COVID-19 were included and those who were critically ill were excluded from the study. The written informed consent was taken and data was collected by pretested questionnaire. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21.

Results:

The mean age of study subjects was 34.25 ± 9.1 years with 84% being males. There was no significant difference in age and sex distribution of study subjects. The most commonly affected police personnel were police constables (222 out of 375) followed by police nayak (42 out of 375). Around 88.2% were symptomatic. Symptoms were fever (64%), weakness (54.4%), cough (38.4%), loss of smell sensation (35.2%), cold (32.3%), shortness of breath (13.9%), diarrhea (11.7%), and pain in the abdomen (6.4%). “Cold” symptom was significantly higher in the younger age group as compared with the older age group. Shortness of breath was significantly higher in males as compared with females (P value < 0.05). The perceived probable sources of infection were from a colleague (33.9%), family member (4.5%), residential society member (2.4%) while performing duty (23.2%), and while traveling in public transport (4%). Regarding preventive measures, almost 99%, 94%, and 87%, followed hand hygiene, mask-wearing, and physical distancing, respectively, prior to getting corona infection. AYUSH self-care practices such as daily drinking of turmeric milk, warm water, and breathing exercises were practiced by 66.9%, 85.9%, and 54.1% of the police personnel, respectively.

Conclusions:

There is male preponderance for corona infection among police personnel. Breathlessness is common in males as compared with female police. The cold symptom is mostly observed in young police personnel. Police personnel needs to judiciously follow physical distancing and practice general measures recommended by AYUSH.
The cross talk between chronotype, depression symptomatology, and glycaemic control among sudanese patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Mirghani Hyder Osman
Published: February 2022

Aim of the Study:

There is an increasing awareness about chronotype and depression among patients with diabetes mellitus as commonly ignored serious association. We aimed to investigate the same among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and their relation to glycaemic control.

Subjects' and Methods:

This case-control study conducted at two diabetes centers in Omdurman, Sudan during the period from April 2019 to September 2019. Ninety-two patient with type 2 diabetes and 94 controls signed a written informed consent then interviewed using a structured questionnaire based on the morningness–eveningness scale and the 12-item general health questionnaire; A blood sample was taken for the glycated haemoglobin to assess glycaemic control. The Statistical Package for Social Silences was used for Data analysis.

Results:

They were 92 patients with diabetes (58.7% women) and 94 healthy control subjects (52.1% women); matched for ages (57.03 ± 8.59 for diabetic patients and 58.46 ± 10.58 years for control subjects) and sex. Morning chronotype was reported in 95.3% vs. 47.5% and intermediate chronotype was evident in 52.4% vs. 4.3% in controls and patients respectively, P < 0.05. Depression symptomatology was found in 76.1% of patients with diabetes vs. 40.4% of control subjects, P < 0.05. No association was shown between depression symptomatology, chronotype, age, sex, and HbA1c, P > 0.05.

Conclusion:

Sudanese patients with diabetes were more likely intermediate, less morning chronotype, and more depressed compared to their counterparts. No association was found between depression symptomatology and other patient's characters. Larger studies investigating the risk behind depression, chrono-nutrition, and social jetlag among patients with diabetes are needed.
Study on prevalence of obesity using different scales and its association with hypertension among the elderly in a district of Gujarat
Authors: Nagar Noopur , Nagar Shashwat , Bharadva Niraj , Patel Hiren B. , Mahyavanshi Darshan , Nagar Sunita S.
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

In older adults, excess weight is associated with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease, several important cancers, and numerous other medical conditions. Several indices such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) are used to classify general. Some studies also reported that WC and WHR is a better indicator of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk than BMI and WHR.

Aims and Objective:

1. To estimate the prevalence of obesity among the elderly using three scale viz. BMI, WHR, and WHtR 2. To compare the results of these three-scale used for assessment of obesity 3. To determine the presence of association between obesity and hypertension if any.

Material and Methods:

For selection of the area, in both the urban and rural areas, the sampling units were enumerated and samples were collected from them. The estimated geriatric population combined in both Urban and Rural areas amounted to 12,220 (7% of geriatric population as per Census 2001), out of which 5% was selected as sample. This came out to be 611 elderly subjects which were selected equally from both urban and rural areas. For assessment of obesity BMI, WHR, and WHtR were measured. Assessment of hypertension was as per JNC classification.

Result:

Prevalence of obesity as per BMI in the urban area was found to be 40%, whereas that in rural areas was found to be 47.4%. WHR and WHtR showed higher prevalence in rural areas (70%) and also in urban areas (60%). BMI and WHR were significantly associated with hypertensive status of elderly.

Conclusion:

Anthropometric assessments of obesity like WHR and WHTR are more sensitive indicators of obesity among the elderly. BMI is found to be significantly associated with hypertension as well in the present study. Logistic regression showed that the association of BMI with hypertension was higher than other obesity assessments.
Cobra envenomation in an elderly female mimicking brain death- A case report
Authors: Pushparajan Libby , Maurya Miteshkumar , Ravi Renju
Published: February 2022

Snake bite envenomation is one of the most toxicology-related cause that can mimic brain death. This is a case report of 73-year-old elderly female, a hypertensive on treatment, who presented with chief complaints of cobra snake bite on the dorsum of right hand. On admission, patient had dyspnea, bilateral ptosis and ophthalmoplegia. In the next 10–15 min, her symptoms got worsened for which she was administered intravenous doses of atropine (2 mg), neostigmine (0.5 mg) and anti-snake venom. She developed respiratory arrest, hence was intubated and was started on mechanical ventilation. On assessment following 12 h post admission, the patient had Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)-E1V1M1, with pupils bilateral 2.5 mm sluggishly reacting to light. After 36 h post admission, patient began to show signs of recovery. She began to blink her eyes, follow objects and attempted to move her limbs on command. On day 3, Patient was weaned off from the ventilator, extubated two days later and discharged home on Day 7. This case report highlights a unique presentation of cobra bite induced neuroparalytic syndrome mimicking brain death in an elderly patient. Furthermore, the life-threatening presentation of cobra envenomation mandates the use of higher doses of Polyvalent snake antivenom (PSA) to reverse the neuroparalytic toxicity. We should consider the role of anticholinesterase as an adjunctive therapy to PSA in severe cobra envenomation.
Health budget in light of pandemic
Authors: Jain Bhavna , Garg Suneela , Aggarwal Pradeep , Bahurupi Yogesh , Singh Mahendra , Kumar Raman
Published: February 2022

The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has triggered changes and reforms in the health sector in India. As the pandemic points to a gap in the industry, it has led to the creation of new opportunities to solve problems. To help the country repair the damage caused by the virus pandemic, the Government of India announced that in the health budget 2021, promotion of health and well-being will be one of the six pillars. Investment in health infrastructure in the 2021 budget has increased significantly to welcome the much-needed increase in budget allocations of Rs. 2.3 lakh crore. Three areas will also be strengthened, including preventive health care and therapeutic health care. Special emphasis is placed on prevention, treatment, and health care. To promote primary health care, the country will establish 17,000 rural and 11,000 urban health care centers. Provision of affordable quality medical insurance will be provided by the government. The integrated and collaborative model of the public and private sectors in the provision of health services has led to a rapid expansion of work. This is an attempt to demonstrate the planned reforms in the health budget, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The budget of 2022-23 is about to be announced soon. It is to be seen how the financial allocation for the health sector impacts the health of the Indian people.
Evaluating scope of mobile technology for bridging health care gaps in impoverished population in LMICs
Authors: Faujdar Dharamjeet S. , Kaur Manmeet , Singh Tarundeep , Sahay Sundeep , Kumar Rajesh
Published: February 2022

Background:

mHealth has potential to improve health care delivery but little is known about its effectiveness on health amongst marginalized communities. This study was carried out to determine the scope and usefulness of mHealth implementation in underprivileged slum population.

Material and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was carried out in an urban slum of Northern India where the government primary health care facility was digitized and mHealth component was integrated into the system to improve the health care service delivery. The survey was conducted using a pre-tested questionnaire among 921 persons who were sent SMSs within the last 2 months prior to survey to assess the reach and acceptability of mHealth in the underprivileged slum populations, and the role it can play to improve the healthcare services provided through primary health care facility.

Results:

In the surveyed population majority (59.8%) were young (18–30 years), females (79.3%), Hindu (94%) belonged to Scheduled caste (77.8%) and a significant percentage of them were illiterates (30%). Mobile phones were available with 87% of the surveyed population and more than 50% had smartphones. Though, only 59.5% of individuals confirmed the receipt of SMS, a very high proportion of survey population (98.3%) were willing to receive health-related SMS. About 72% individuals received SMSs and remembered the content of the message. Adherence to health advise sent through SMS was significantly higher among females (OR = 2.4 (95% CI: 1.2,5.1), P = 0.01), those who read messages themselves (OR = 1.9 (95% CI: 1.0, 3.3), P = 0.03), and who received SMS more than once in a month (OR = 2.2 (95% CI: 1.2, 4.2), P = 0.01). Majority of those who received SMS (83%) expressed that the health-related SMS were beneficial to them.

Conclusion:

mHealth has high potential to improve reach and increase accessibility of health care services for marginalized communities.
SARS, MERS and CoVID-19
Authors: Pustake Manas , Tambolkar Isha , Giri Purushottam , Gandhi Charmi
Published: February 2022

In the 21st century, we have seen a total of three outbreaks by members of the coronavirus family. Although the first two outbreaks did not result in a pandemic, the third and the latest outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) culminated in a pandemic. This pandemic has been extremely significant on a social and international level. As these viruses belong to the same family, they are closely related. Despite their numerous similarities, they have slight distinctions that render them distinct from one another. The Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) cases were reported to have a very high case fatality rate of 9.5 and 34.4% respectively. In contrast, the CoVID-19 has a case fatality rate of 2.13%. Also, there are no clear medical countermeasures for these coronaviruses yet. We can cross information gaps, including cultural weapons for fighting and controlling the spread of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, and plan efficient and comprehensive defensive lines against coronaviruses that might arise or reemerge in the future by gaining a deeper understanding of these coronaviruses and the illnesses caused by them. The review thoroughly summarises the state-of-the-art information and compares the biochemical properties of these deadly coronaviruses with the clinical characteristics, laboratory features and radiological manifestations of illnesses induced by them, with an emphasis on comparing and contrasting their similarities and differences.
Family medicine academy trainers’ satisfaction in King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Saab Anas Saad , Barakat Mohammed , Alsaef Abdullah Mansour , Alnasyan Abdulmalik Y. , Altuwaijri Mohammed M.
Published: February 2022

Background:

The influence of family physicians on the health care system is indisputable. Medical doctors’ satisfaction is a critical measure of their wellness which has been negatively associated with physicians’ burnout. The satisfaction of physicians is also linked with different health care outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to measure the family medicine academy trainers’ satisfaction in King Saud Medical City (KSMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2020 among KSMC trainers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected by a pretested questionnaire. The data were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Percentage and frequency were used to describe the categories. The Chi-square test was used to assess the differences in satisfaction levels among different categories.

Results:

A total of 80 participants were included with a mean age of 40.6 years. Most of the participants were married (86.3%). Furthermore, it was found that 37.5% were extremely satisfied, whereas 3.8% were dissatisfied. Moreover, it was also found that the social level of the trainer was a predictor of their satisfaction, as those with a more stable social life, married or lived with parents, and those who lived together had a significantly higher level of satisfaction.

Conclusion:

Most trainers were satisfied with the training program; however, limitations in tools, resources, and technology represented the most common concern for them.
A study to predict fracture risk using bone mineral density and FRAX score in patients on chronic maintenance haemodialysis
Authors: Patro Sunil K. , Pawar Neeraj , Biswas Diwashish
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

Disturbances in mineral and bone metabolism are prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and are important causes of morbidity also their diagnosis often delayed and require a spectrum of investigations. The current study attempts to predict and correlate, the fracture risk using simple tools like BMD and FRAX (Fracture Risk Assessment Tool) score in CKD patients.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study among 50 CKD patients age more that 40 years attending OPD (Out Patient Department) at a tertiary care Hospital in north India.

Results:

There is a negative correlation between BMD (NOF) and FRAX score for hip fracture risk and major osteoporotic fracture risk.

Conclusion:

The 10-year fracture risk in these patients, as predicted by FRAX score using FRAX (Indian) calculator, was significantly higher in CKD patients.

Recommendation:

FRAX can be useful tool for early screening of fracture risk in such situations for timely interventions.
Vision Delhi
Authors: Manna Souvik , Vashist Praveen , Senjam Suraj Singh , Shukla Pallavi , Gupta Noopur , Bhardwaj Amit , Gupta Vivek
Published: February 2022

Background:

Family physicians (FPs) encounter numerous patients who need eye care services. For providing eye care services at the primary level, they need to be abreast with the common disorders, their management and appropriate referral.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to describe the socio-demographic and ocular morbidity profile of the beneficiaries, seasonal pattern of few ocular disorders and to find the proportion of blindness that is avoidable at the primary level.

Methodology:

Study was conducted in 25 vision centers across Delhi. Chart review was done in each center and retrospective data of previous 4 years was analyzed. Socio-demographic, ocular morbidity profile and trend of selected diseases was deducted and causes of blindness were determined.

Results:

Around 62.76% of patients were women and 78.26% were new patients. A seasonal peak of conjunctivitis was observed during the spring season. The common conditions detected by optometrists were refractive errors (34.68%), presbyopia (14.15%), cataract (14.02%), conjunctivitis (9.84%) and diseases of ocular adnexa (1.35%). In the age group ≥50 years, the proportion of patients who were blind was 2.5%, 39.0% had VI. The proportion of VI patients in all the categories was higher in women as compared to men. In patients ages ≥50 years, 81.4% of the blindness was avoidable.

Conclusions:

Women outnumbered men in availing services at the center and the proportion of visual impairment was also higher in them. The major causes of blindness in the older population were cataract and corneal-opacity, and it is avoidable by strengthening primary eye care services by FPs.
A rare case of gall bladder containing accessory lobe of liver stuck to its wall
Authors: Kundu Nikhilesh , Chattoraj Ashok Kumar
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

Accessory liver lobe (AL) is a very rare congenital anomaly found during surgery incidentally and not usually possible to diagnose preoperatively. Here, we are reporting this rare case in which the accessory liver was diagnosed at the time of surgery and was ectopically connected to the gallbladder wall.

Case Summary:

A 71-y-old woman, attended our outpatient department (OPD) with pain in the epigastrium. She was diagnosed early having gallstone disease. Ultrasound abdomen was advised, which revealed cholelithiasis. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed and we discovered a small liver-looking tissue stuck to the anterior wall of the gall bladder, which was removed along with the gall bladder. Subsequently, the tissue was confirmed to be liver tissue.

Conclusion:

It is a rare variation of the accessory lobe of the liver attached to the gall bladder. It remains asymptomatic clinically and may pose a danger of transforming to hepatocellular carcinoma; hence, total excision of the lobe should be considered.
Paraquat poisoning with spontaneous pneumothorax in the era of online shopping
Authors: Jha Manish , Gaur Nayanika
Published: February 2022

This is a case of a 22-year-old male student who took paraquat as a substance abuse. He presented with flu-like symptoms and chest X-ray depicting changes of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). After looking at his purchase history in his cell phone, he was found to have purchased paraquat dichloride online and its use was later confirmed by his roommate. The patient developed respiratory distress with renal failure and succumbed to his condition after 11 days of hospital admission. This report highlights an important social issue of probable substance abuse with paraquat which is a commonly used contact herbicide in rural settings but not-so-common in urban population. Also, the report highlights the unusual complication sequalae of pneumothorax. The high mortality with this substance is because of the unavailability of an antidote and of its unscrutinized availability.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus in pediatric age group
Authors: Pasi Rachna , Ravi Kumar Satish
Published: February 2022

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is the most common endocrinological abnormality found in children. The incidence of T1DM has steadily increased in nearly all parts of the world. Both genetic susceptibility and environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis. It is caused due to either decreased or absent insulin production in the body due to multiple etiologies. We have done a literature review of type 1 DM in children and a clinical audit of point prevalence of type 1 DM cases & its clinical correlates of patients presenting at the tertiary level hospital, AIIMS Rishikesh, over two years six months period (April 2015 to September 2017). We found the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (Type 1) is 2.88%. Among clinical features at presentation, 56.5% presented with polyuria, 34.8% with polydipsia, 21.7% with polyphagia, 39.1% with weight loss. 26.1% of patients had diabetic ketoacidosis at presentation. The majority of children have deranged HbA1C levels (94.4%). It is concluded that children presented with higher HbA1c levels at onset and higher duration of symptoms are at greater risk for the development of complications.
Prevalence and determinants of Internet addiction among the students of professional colleges in the Jammu region
Authors: Kumari Rashmi , Langer Bhavna , Gupta Riya , Gupta Rajiv K. , Mir Mehak T. , Shafi Basrat , Kour Taswinder , Raina Sunil K.
Published: February 2022

Background:

With ever-increasing digitization, the internet has intertwined into the daily lives of users to a large extent. It holds tremendous educational benefits to college students; however, its excessive usage can lead to addiction and even psychological morbidities.

Objectives:

To determine the prevalence of internet addiction and its association with various factors including depression, anxiety, and stress.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate students of two professional colleges, i.e., medical and engineering colleges in the Jammu region. A pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was used to elicit the information regarding socio-demographic and personal details of students. Young's internet addiction scale was used to assess internet addiction, whereas the DASS 42 scale was used to measure depression, anxiety, and stress. Data thus collected were analyzed using the PSPP software.

Results:

A total of 480 students constituted the study population. The prevalence of internet addiction was found to be 78.7%, with a significantly higher prevalence seen among the male students in comparison to females (P < 0.005). A significantly positive correlation of internet addiction was found with depression, anxiety, and stress.

Conclusions:

Internet addiction is significantly associated with psychopathology among the respondents. In this context, there is an urgent need to develop effective strategies for the prevention of internet addiction by promoting awareness among the students.
Dairy product consumption and type 2 diabetes among Korean adults: a prospective cohort study based on the Health Examinees (HEXA) study
Authors: Zhang Jiaqi , Lim Kyungjoon , Shin Sangah
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVES: It has been suggested that the consumption of dairy products helps lower the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We investigated the association between the consumption of dairy products and T2D events in middle-aged Korean adults.METHODS: We followed up 53,288 participants (16,895 male and 36,393 female) in the Health Examinees (HEXA) study. The consumption of dairy products was assessed using the self-administered food frequency questionnaire, and T2D was defined according to the 2015 treatment guidelines of the Korean Diabetes Association. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between the consumption of dairy products and the risk of T2D were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models after adjusting for potential confounders. Spline regression was used to better represent the association between the consumption of dairy products and the risk of T2D.RESULTS: Among male, those with higher consumption of dairy products had a significantly lower risk of T2D than those who consumed essentially no dairy products (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.91). In particular, consumption of yogurt (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.93; ptrend=0.035) and cheese (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.49 to 0.89; ptrend=0.005) was negatively associated with the incidence of T2D in male. In female, daily consumption of 1 serving of yogurt decreased the risk of T2D by 11%.CONCLUSIONS: The association between the consumption of dairy products and the risk of T2D differed by sex and dairy product type. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these associations.
Predicting the Unstart of Scramjet Engine Air Intakes through CFD Simulation
Authors: Seralathan S. , Hariram V. , Prakash N.S. , Pranav D. , Niteshkumar P. , Chakraborty S.
Published: February 2022

Scramjet is an air breathing engine in which the combustion takes in a supersonic air stream by generating high pressure. Wedge shaped strut plays a major role in the scramjet engine to mix and compress air at high speeds, igniting the air fuel mixture and sustaining the flame. But the geometric profile of wedge in which the air gets blocked partially or completely is unanswered. Therefore, the effect of blockage on intake characteristics is investigated in this present study. Numerical investigations are carried out using ANSYS Fluent at Mach 5 to study the changes in static pressure, stagnation pressure, temperature and mass flow rate for different percentage of blockage which is varied from 10% to 45%. Unstart-free air intake for scramjet engine is ensured by keeping the percentage blockage of fuel injection struts between 10% and 35%. The Mach number at supersonic regime until 35% of blockage turns suddenly into subsonic conditions afterwards for further increase in blockage percentage. Moreover, as the blockage is further increased beyond 35%, bow shock is observed ahead of the cowl and the flow through the intake is subsonic, thereby indicating ‘unstart’ intake. Based on this geometry in air intake, smooth gas dynamic compression or ramming effect is obtained up to 35% of blockage.
Shape and Mass Optimization of the Connecting Rod using Rigid Body Dynamics and Finite Element Method
Authors: Hariram V. , Reddy Busireddy Vamshidhar , Iyyappan M. , Madhu Kovuru , Dheeraj Surabhi , Reddy Pothireddy Vijay Raghav , Seralathan S.
Published: February 2022

Connecting rod is one of the major components in the automotive engine which transmits the reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotary motion of the crankshaft. The engine’s performance and efficiency are greatly influenced by the optimum design of the connecting rod. This numerical investigation ascertains the effect of shape and mass on the transient structural stability and integrity of the connecting rod. The solid model of the connecting rod is developed using PTC Creo. The kinematic movements between the joints and forces are assessed using the rigid body dynamics approach. The shape and mass of the connecting rod are optimized by using the shape finder tool of the finite element method using the outcomes of rigid body dynamics. The optimized connecting rod possesses better structural stability and comparable factor of safety as evaluated by comparing the transient structural deformation, localized and equivalent von-misses stress of the standard and shape optimized connecting rod.
Assessment of The Impact of Multiple Injection Strategies on Combustion Noise, Smoke and Performance Characteristics of a CRDI Heavy Diesel Engine
Authors: Biswas S. , Mukhopadhyay A.
Published: February 2022

This experimental research paper presents the impact of 5 different multiple injection strategies as 2-double comprising pilot-Main (pM), Main-after (Ma), 2-triple comprising pilot-Main-after (pMa), early-pilot-Main (epM) and quadruple comprising early-pilot-Main-after (epMa) in comparison with single injection on combustion noise (CN), Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC), Torque, Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) and Smoke emissions. The experimental evaluation was carried out on a 6-cylinder inline CRDI (Common rail Direct Injection) diesel engine in low temperature combustion (LTC) regime with high EGR of 45%, and fixed main injection Crank Angle (CA) using conventional diesel (BS-IV) fuel at full load and 8 speeds (low to high). The comprehensive study revealed that quadruple (epMa) injection strategy is superior in providing optimum results in comparison to other 4 multiple injection strategies in line to single injection. This strategy displayed better BSFC at medium to high speeds zone inline to reduce of combustion noise (radiated) level especially at low speeds around 2 dBA. The epMa exhibited the 2nd best smoke/soot concentration whereas pMa injection scheduling is best in lower smoke/soot generation. The epMa was found to be an optimum in torque performance though epM showed best torque performance in low to medium speed zone. The epMa showed the best BTE than all other. This work indicates the potentiality and further scope to achieve better performance and emissions simultaneously with quadruple injection strategy by parametric optimization of injection parameters.
Experimental Investigation and Performance Characteristics of Ceramic and Gold Coated Modified Piston on Diesel Engine Fuelled with Mahua Oil
Authors: Aruna Kumara P.C. , Chandragowda M. , Yerrennagoudaru V.H. , Chandrappa K.
Published: February 2022

On description of ever-increasing vehicle population, price tag of petroleum by-products, running down of fossil fuel, ecological consideration and restrictive norms of emission, it is important to search for different fuels on compression ignition (CI) engines. Non edible and edible vegetable oils are considered as very good replacement of diesel, as their properties are almost same to those of diesel and can be used to run on CI engine. At present, a lot of research work is being carried out in the field of alternative fuels with and without modifications of IC engines. In this work, ceramic and gold is coated over modified diesel engine piston and piston liners are coated with ceramic. This acts as a partially semi adiabatic engine that decreases the heat loss and burn high viscous fuels easily. Study has been carried out on the performance and emission characteristics of alternative fuel used in diesel engine. The performance was compared with conventional diesel engine. Experiments results shows that the mahua oil shows better thermal performance characteristics like brake thermal efficiency, brake specific energy consumption and reduction in the emission parameters like CO, HC and decreased smoke. It has also been observed that NOx was increased with increase in load.
Ballistic Impact Analysis of Graphene Reinforced Kevlar-29 and Kevlar-129 Laminated Composites
Authors: Rajesh R. , Preethi I. , Manasa P. Devi , Senbagan M. , Seralathan S. , Hariram V.
Published: February 2022

Aircraft goes through various high-speed hindrances like bird attacks, etc. Kevlar is increasingly used in the aviation industry to overcome such hindrances. Kevlar, an organic fibre from the family of aromatic polyamides consists of Kevlar 29, Kevlar 129, Kevlar 49 and Kevlar 149. This paper focuses on the use of Kevlar 29 and Kevlar 129 due to its low stiffness in comparison with Kevlar 49 and Kevlar 149. When pure Kevlar 29 and Kevlar 129 with 20 layers each are impacted with a 9g bullet at 900m/s velocity, the bullet perforates the laminate completely. Hence, the Kevlar layers are reinforced with graphene nanoplates. The bullet impact simulation of the ‘single-layer Kevlar 29 reinforced with single-layer graphene nanosheet’ (K29G), ‘single layer Kevlar 129 reinforced with single-layer graphene nanosheet’ (K129G), ‘double layer Kevlar 29 reinforced with double-layer graphene nanosheets’ (KK29GG) and ‘double layer Kevlar 129 reinforced with double-layer graphene nanosheets’ (KK129GG) is carried out using LS-DYNA. Maximum principal stress, effective stress, absorbed energy and displacement of the composite laminates (K29G, K129G, KK29GG and KK129GG) are used to compare the performance of these four laminates in the targeted applications. Due to its higher maximum principal stress, effective stress and lower displacement, the composite laminate K29G proves to be the apt laminate for its usage in aircrafts.
Analysis of Low-Velocity Impact Properties of Kevlar 149-Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites
Authors: Ashik J. Kavin , Preethi M. , Rishop D. Devan , Senbagan M. , Seralathan S. , Hariram V.
Published: February 2022

Aircraft undergoes various low-velocity impacts such as bird strike, runway debris, foreign tools drop, etc. on its structure. Kevlar is widely used in several components and structure of the aircraft as Kevlar is an organic fiber from an aromatic polyamide family. Carbon fiber has advantages like high stiffness and properties like that of kevlar. The present study focuses on the analysis of low-velocity impact properties of kevlar 149-carbon fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite material. In this analysis, kevlar 149-carbon fiber, pure kevlar 149 by 10 layers of laminate and pure carbon fiber by 10 layers of laminate are impacted by ball material with a mass of 8g at velocity of 9m/s. The ball impact on the laminate is simulated using LS-DYNA. The max. principal stress, absorbed energy, velocity and displacement of K149C, CK149, KK149CC, CCKK149, KK149 and CC are obtained and compared with all the six composite laminates. The composite laminate, K149C, proves to be the best laminate for aircrafts as it possesses a higher max. principal stress and lower displacement.
Studies on Enhanced Brake Disc Cooling using Wheel Rim with Axial Ventilators
Authors: Senbagan M. , Sharmila S. , Reddy Thatiparthi Badirinadh , Arulmozhi K. , Seralathan S. , Hariram V. , Sundar V. Shyam
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study is to improve the cooling of brake disc by modifying the wheel rim by fitting it with an axial ventilator. The orientation angle of these blades in axial ventilator is varied between 0 and 10. The numerical investigation is carried out using commercial CFD code ANSYS Fluent. The pressure difference induced in 5 model is maximum leading to a better air flow through the wheel rim resulting with enhanced cooling of the brake disc. The 5 model reduced the brake disc temperature from 450C to 207.84C which is nearly 54%. The surface heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number of 5 model is found to be maximum. The resulting improvement in heat dissipation enhances the performance and hence the lifetime of the brake disc. Therefore, the wheel rim with axial ventilator 5 model is found to the suitable configuration so as to achieve enhanced convective cooling of brake disc.
Safe Distance Model for Control of Vehicle Emergency Collision Avoidance
Authors: Wang S.Z. , Xu W.
Published: February 2022

The vehicle needs to be able to assist the driver in realizing the control strategy of emergency collision avoidance to ensure the safety of car drivers during driving. This article introduces the basic principles of vehicle emergency collision avoidance using time to collision (TTC) and Berkeley safety distance models. In addition, the Berkeley model was improved so that it could be adjusted for different driving styles. On the simulation platform, simulation experiments were carried out on the driving conditions of the front vehicle at a standstill state, at a constant speed and at a deceleration state. The performance of three collision avoidance strategies were analysed. The results showed that the extroverted driver had the fastest response speed, followed by the moderate driver and the introverted driver; no matter what the working condition, the increase in the driving speed of the driver could reduce the distance between the vehicle and the vehicle in front when the vehicle stopped due to braking, increasing the risk of rear-end collision; no matter what the working condition, the anti-collision strategy that adopted the improved Berkeley model could effectively adapt to different driving styles, keeping a stable distance from the front vehicle when stopping due to braking and the distance between the vehicles was larger than the other two collision avoidance strategies.
Research of Comprehensive Operation Vehicle for Apple Picking
Authors: Xinjie Zhang , Xingqi Song
Published: February 2022

Aiming at the defects of low mechanization, single function, poor integration of machinery, agronomy and high damage rate in apple picking process, a comprehensive operation equipment for apple picking was developed. Around the standardized apple cultivation mode with dwarf and dense planting, intensive and efficient, the research of multi-link mechanized operation technology method based on the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy is carried out. The structure of apple picking comprehensive operation equipment is designed, including the orchard traffic system, chassis support device, operation platform, platform lifting device, apple collection device, apple conveying system, automatic sorting, bagging device and fruit box rotation platform, which solves the key technical problems of mechanization, such as adaptability of trafficability, extension of operation space and low loss of fruit delivery and fruit collection and placement. The damage of apples is reduced by adopting flexible collection, conveying device and the quality of apples is improved by adopting apple collection, automatic sorting and packing system to realize the second sorting and packing of apples. The design of the device can realize the integrated service of apple from picking to sealing and selling, eliminating the intermediate labour-intensive and time-consuming links, the production efficiency of apples is improved and the production cost is reduced. It laid a foundation for the realization of the whole mechanization of apple production.
Influence of Al2O3 and B4C Particles Addition on the Mechanical Characterization of Al6061 Alloy Hybrid Metal Composites
Authors: Balaraj V. , Kori Nagaraj , Nagaral Madeva , Auradi V.
Published: February 2022

In this paper, an impact of Al2O3 and B4C particles addition on the mechanical properties of Al6061 alloy has been studied. Al6061 alloys with 5% wt. of Al2O3 and 9% wt. of B4C particles reinforced composites were fabricated by vortex method with novel two sate reinforcement addition procedures. Al6061-Al2O3-B4C hybrid composites were subjected to microstructural characterization using SEM, EDS and XRD patterns. SEMs of Al6061 alloy with 5% wt. Al2O3-9%wt. B4C hybrid composites revealed thorough circulation of particles in the Al matrix, EDS and XRD patterns confirms the various elements and phases in hybrid composites. Further, these composites were evaluated for hardness, tensile and impact behaviour as per ASTM standards. Dual particles reinforced hybrid composites were exhibited superior hardness, tensile and impact properties with reduction in ductility. Fractography analysis was carried out on tensile and impact fractured specimens using SEM to know the impact of dual particles on the fracture behaviour of Al6061 alloy. The developed composites are superior in strength to weight ratio hence can be utilized for automotive applications to replace conventional materials.
Numerical Simulation for Predicting the Temperature Distribution in Friction Stir Welding of AA7020
Authors: Parre Meenakshi Devi , Murthy T. Krishna , Lanka Krishnanand , Krishna P. Vamsi
Published: February 2022

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid-phase joining process that uses a non-consumable tool and finds its applications in shipbuilding, aerospace and automobile industries. Heat generation plays an important role in producing good-quality welds. To understand this, a model is created and simulated in ANSYS. AA7020 workpiece is created as per the required dimensions and meshed using tetragonal and triangular elements. At every mesh cell, the governing equations for continuity, momentum and energy are solved. Suitable boundary conditions are given to the various surfaces of the geometry. The FSW model is simulated for the sticking condition and validated with the experimental value. The validated model is further simulated for sliding, partial sticking and sticking conditions of the work-piece and observations are made for temperature distribution. The maximum temperature obtained at the partial sticking condition is found to be close to the experimental value. Higher heat generation is observed in partial sticking conditions, which is more preferred condition for the FSW process.
Study on Vibration Control in Indian Tractors
Authors: Sudheer Nuvvala , Ramasastry D.V.A.
Published: February 2022

The two main issues to be addressed in the design of automotive suspension systems are ride comfort and vehicle handling. The option systems are being studied because passive systems provide contrariety on these two parameters. One such choice is the magnetorheological (MR) damper, a highly feasible semi-active system that can address both of these issues while overcoming inconsistency. In this analysis, the suspension system of a tractor with MR damper is analysed for ride comfort and handling at 5 different currents, namely 0A, 0.25A, 0.5A, 0.75A, and 1A, using a 2DOF tractor, and the comparisons are made with the same suspension fitted with standard passive damper. A MR-damper is made of MR fluid, which is made up of carbonyl iron powder and silicon oil, along with a triton x-100 and grease additive. Furthermore, the characteristics of this damper are determined by experiments, which are then used to determine the parameters of the Spencer model for MR damper. The tractor suspension system is simulated by implementing a semi-active suspension system using the Spencer model of MR damper at 5 different currents for testing the resulting displacement and acceleration in the tractor body. The ride comfort and vehicle handling efficiency of each model with a passive suspension system was compared to semi-active suspension systems based on skyhook controller. MATLAB/Simulink is used to carry out the simulation and analysis.
Conceptual Design and Calculations for Indi-wheel of E-mobility Vehicle
Authors: Santhosh S. , Ghali Bhavanaveeresh , Bharath Bharath , Vandana H.S. , Sandeep S.
Published: February 2022

Electric vehicles are not just an alternative means of transportation, it is saving our lives. To solve the climatic crisis, we need to make the vehicles on our road as clean as possible. The smaller carbon footprint compared to gasoline-powered cars is the biggest asset against rising global temperature. In the thought process to revolutionize transportation, the Indi-wheel represents a new technology in the commuting industry. With the concept of “Empty beneath the bonnet”, an Indi-wheel is a conventional wheel housing an in-wheel motor, in-wheel suspension system, disc brake and steering system. Functions of all the components are controlled by an electrical system. Implementation of technology of Indi-wheel opens up gateway to better handling, performance, safety, ergonomics and drive comfort of an electric automobile/vehicle compared to a conventional vehicle technology.
Matched-die Tooling and Fabrication of Composite C-section Spar Prototype
Authors: Sivam S.P. Sundar Singh , Singh Vaibhav , Rastogi Akshit , Sharma Manav
Published: February 2022

Composite materials are having high strength and are used in the aerospace and marine industry. Most of the wings and wind turbine blades have an aerofoil box structure with more internal components such as ribs, spars and stringers (stiffeners) for strength and stability compliance. So many industries prefer the I section, T section and C section composite spars. Different tooling concepts and different processes for the fabrication of spar have been discussed. The paper focuses on a matched-die tooling concept and fabrication of the C-section composite spar. After designing the tooling concepts, the C-section spar prototype is fabricated using the male tool and female tool, quality and inspection are done for the product made.