bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SAR IMAGE COMPRESSION USING ADAPTIVE DIFFERENTIAL EVOLUTION AND PATTERN SEARCH BASED K-MEANS VECTOR QUANTIZATION
Authors: Chiranjeevi Karri , Jena Umaranjan
Published: April 2018

A novel Vector Quantization (VQ) technique for encoding the Bi-orthogonal wavelet decomposed image using hybrid Adaptive Differential Evolution (ADE) and a Pattern Search optimization algorithm (hADEPS) is proposed. ADE is a modified version of Differential Evolution (DE) in which mutation operation is made adaptive based on the ascending/descending objective function or fitness value and tested on twelve numerical benchmark functions and the results are compared and proved better than Genetic Algorithm (GA), ordinary DE and FA. ADE is a global optimizer which explore the global search space and PS is local optimizer which exploit a local search space, so ADE is hybridized with PS. In the proposed VQ, in a codebook of codewords, 62.5% of codewords are assigned and optimized for the approximation coefficients and the remaining 37.5% are equally assigned to horizontal, vertical and diagonal coefficients. The superiority of proposed hybrid Adaptive Differential Evolution and Pattern Search (hADE-PS) optimized vector quantization over DE is demonstrated. The proposed technique is compared with DE based VQ and ADE based quantization and with standard LBG algorithm. Results show higher Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similiraty Index Measure (SSIM) indicating better reconstruction.
Spoutaný brexit: Kdy může začít Spojené království sjednávat obchodní dohody?
Authors: Svoboda Ondřej
Published: April 2018

Zastánci vystoupení Spojeného království (UK) z Evropské unie (EU) v kampani před referendem v roce 2016 tvrdili, že UK mimo Unii bude sjednávat obchodní dohody efektivněji a úspěšněji. S probíhajícím procesem vystoupení UK z EU však vyvstala otázka, kdy bude možné vytvořit samostatnou britskou obchodní politiku, protože v současnosti je obchodní politika výlučnou pravomocí EU. Zaměření tohoto příspěvku bude proto spočívat v posouzení současných a plánovaných obchodně-politických aktivit UK vůči třetím zemím a pokusu o nalezení řešení, které by vyhovovalo britským ambicím, aniž by nutně UK porušovalo závazky plynoucí z členství v EU. Příspěvek se zaměří nejdříve na právní rámec EU, konkrétně výlučnou povahu společné obchodní politiky v rozdělení pravomocí mezi Unii a členské státy, zásadu loajální spolupráce a její dopad na vnější vztahy a konečně na výstupový proces z Unie stanovený v čl. 50 Smlouvy o Evropské unii (SEU). Prostor bude také věnován prozkoumání možnosti, za které by UK bylo umožněno zahájit co nejdříve samostatná obchodní jednání a získat tak volnost ve sjednávání obchodních dohod.
Účinná ľútosť ako neobmedzená daňová amnestia?
Authors: Nováková Veronika
Published: April 2018

Daňové príjmy sú jedným z dôležitých finančných prostriedkov, prostredníctvom ktorých sú zabezpečované verejné potreby občanov/obyvateľov štátu. Na to, aby tieto príjmy mohli plynúť do príslušných rozpočtov je nevyhnutné, aby vznikajúce vzťahy medzi štátom a daňovým subjektom, boli náležite upravené v príslušnej právnej norme. Tieto daňovoprávne vzťahy sú natoľko dôležité pre štát, že zákonodarca počíta s možnosťou dodatočného splnenia daňovej povinnosti namiesto samotného potrestania. Cieľom tohto príspevku je podrobná sumarizácia a vývoj inštitútu účinnej ľútosti všeobecne v oblasti daňového práva, pričom sa zohľadňuje konanie daňového subjektu v rámci Daňového poriadku, ako aj samotný inštitút trestného práva – účinnú ľútosť. Ďalej príspevok analyzuje i dôležité skutočnosti prostredníctvom judikátov súdov, ktoré mali významný vplyv na neskoršiu novelizáciu tohto inštitútu, a zároveň komparáciou právnej úpravy účinnej ľútosti v Českej republike poukázať na dôležité odlišnosti, ktoré sú osožné pre ďalšie návrhy pre zlepšenie úpravy. Teda v konečnom dôsledku sa príspevok pokúša zodpovedať neľahkú otázku, či inštitút účinnej ľútosti možno z hľadiska aktuálnej úpravy považovať za neobmedzenú daňovú amnestiu.
The Passion of Grace
Authors: Ó Murchadha Felix ,   DePaul University
Published: April 2018

This paper shows how turns in theology in early Modernity and in the last century framed the context of distinct philosophical understandings of the self. Focusing on the concept of “pure nature,” the foreshadowing of philosophical themes in theology is shown. It is further argued that while the modern self emerging from certain early Modern theological discourses from Suárez, through Descartes to Kant was deeply implicated in Stoic apatheia, the self which arises from a phenomenological rethinking (especially in Marion) of the place of love and beauty in the worldliness of being and appearance is one which is fundamentally passionate. At play here is a shift in the notion of will from that of sovereign indifference to desire.
Paul Ricœur and the “Theological Turn” in French Phenomenology
Authors: Brennan Eileen ,   DePaul University
Published: April 2018

Dominique Janicaud considered Paul Ricœur an ally in the dispute with those who, like Emmanuel Lévinas and Jean-Luc Marion, allegedly failed to keep phenomenology within its proper methodological limits. Janicaud also claimed to have been guided by Ricœur when it came to developing positive proposals for the future direction of phenomenology. This paper argues, however, that Janicaud misinterpreted key passages in works by Ricœur that address phenomenological issues. It also offers alternative readings which take account of the wider context. Thus, for example, Ricœur’s comments on Lévinasian phenomenology are shown to be appreciative rather than polemical. The paper also discusses Ricœur’s rarely commented upon oblique and indirect response to Janicaud, which establishes that Ricœur chose to align himself with phenomenologists who had taken “the theological turn.”
History as Chiasm, Chiasm as History
Authors: Busk Larry Alan ,   DePaul University
Published: April 2018

This paper connects Merleau-Ponty’s conception of chiasm with his philosophy of history. I argue that history gives us an exemplary form of a chiastic relation and that Merleau-Ponty presages his later ontology of flesh when he investigates the paradox of thinking history. In brief, the paradox is this: history takes on significance only in light of a given reflection on it (just as the world is disclosed only by means of a given body). At the same time, “the given reflection” is overlaid and shot through with historical meaning and is nothing but the result of a historical inheritance (just as the body is bound up with the world and is nothing apart from it). I claim that, for Merleau-Ponty, to think history is to think that which is external to oneself and that which one is, in a deferred simultaneity or “circularity” that can be called chiastic.
Batillipes (Tardigrada, Arthrotardigrada) from the Portuguese coast with the description of two new species and a new dichotomous key for all species
Authors: Santos Erika , Rubal Marcos , Veiga Puri , Da Rocha Clélia M. C. , Fontoura Paulo
Published: April 2018

Five species of Batillipes Richters, 1909 were collected from subtidal sediments of the Portuguese coast. Two of them, B. algharbensis sp. nov. and B. lusitanus sp. nov., are new to science. Batillipes algharbensis sp. nov. differs from all the other Batillipes species in having the middle toes 3 on the fourth feet longer than middle toes 4 and by the presence of rounded lateral body projections between legs III and IV. Batillipes lusitanus sp. nov. has the middle toes of the fourth feet equal in length, but it exhibits a dorsal cuticular ornamentation, constituted by large pillars, similar to the cuticle of B. adriaticus Grimaldi de Zio, Morone De Lucia, D’Addabbo Gallo & Grimaldi, 1979 and B. roscoffensis Kristensen, 1978. However, contrary to B. adriaticus, the caudal apparatus of B. lusitanus sp. nov. is a roundish cuticular expansion and B. roscoffensis lacks caudal apparatus. Batillipes adriaticus and B. phreaticus Renaud-Debyser, 1959 are new records for Portugal. Based on the examination of specimens of B. phreaticus collected at the Portuguese coast and their comparison with type material of this species and also of B. littoralis Renaud-Debyser, 1959, the toe arrangement patterns in species of Batillipes are clarified and a new identification key to species of this genus is provided.
Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oils
Authors: Gonçalves Maria Vanaina Souza , Silva Luiz Everson da , Amaral Wanderlei  Amaral Do , Quadros Diomar Augusto de , Reis Rodrigo Arantes , Amaral Lucas Diovani Parabocz do , Garcia Bruna , Deschamps Cícero
Published: April 2018

Plant secondary metabolites have attracted considerable attention from the industry as consumers are increasing their interest for natural products over chemically synthesized reagents to be used as additives in food, cosmetics or pharmaceuticals. Some plant essential oils show significant antimicrobial properties and this could be exploited to produce new food preservatives or novel antimicrobial formulations. Here we describe the extraction, chemical analysis and antimicrobial properties of grass lemon Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oils. Essential oils were extracted from dried leaves using hydrodestilation and their composition was established by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Agar diffusion assays indicated that C. citratus and C. flexuosus essential oils act as antimicrobial agents against both gram negative and gram positive model organisms.  These data support that lemon grass essential oils can be used as an alternative for microbiological control.
Zoneamento agroclimático para o plantio do arroz na mesorregião central do Estado do Maranhão
Authors: Januário Italo Ramon , Menezes Ronaldo Nascimento , Bonfim Osmar Toledo
Published: April 2018

The aim of this study is to accomplish a climatic risk zoning to define the best season to planting rice in thecentral region of Maranhão State. There were used data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics;Historical series of precipitation and temperature obtained from the National Water Agency and National Instituteof Meteorology. The agroclimatic risk zoning was accomplished using the SARRAZON program. The climatic riskfor sowing rice was defined as follows: ISNA> 0.65 - Low climatic risk, favorable region to the planting; 0.55<ISNA <0.65 - intermediate region; ISNA <0.55 - High climatic risk, unfavorable region. For the R7 Region insoils with CAD 30 mm, the period ranges from the first ten-day of December to the first ten-day of February. Andfor soils with CAD 40mm, the better planting season is from the third ten-day of November to the third ten-day ofFebruary. For the R9 homogeneous region in soils with CAD of 20 and 30 mm, the results showed since the thirdten-day of November to the second ten-day of January. For soils with CAD 40 mm, the rice sowing ranges from thethird ten-day of November to the third ten-day of January.
Impact of Cooking Methods on Physicochemical and Sensory Attributes of Apple Gourd
Authors: Aamna Soomro  , Asadullah Marri  , Nida Shaikh  , Aijaz Hussain Soomro  , Shahzor Gul Khaskheli
Published: April 2018

An investigation was carried out to examine the influence of some cooking methods on physicochemical and sensory characteristics of apple gourd during 2016-17. For this purpose, vegetable was procured, washed, peeled, sliced and distributed in five equal lots. Four of these lots were used for individual cooking treatments (i.e. T2=boiling, T3=steaming, T4=frying and T5=microwaving), however, last lot was treated as control (i.e. T1=raw/without treatment). After cooking, all samples were used for analysis. It was found that all organic acids (%) i.e. acetic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid and tartaric acid remained significantly higher (P
La fisiognomía en la cartilla del pintor valenciano Vicente Salvador y Gómez
Authors: Albero Muñoz María del Mar
Published: April 2018

Avanzado el siglo XVII algunos artistas redactaron los primeros tratados artísticos en España, pero también decidieron componer sus propias cartillas de dibujo. Es el caso del artista valenciano Vicente Salvador y Gómez quien en 1674 comenzó uno de los primeros ejemplos que se conserva, la Cartilla y fundamentales reglas de la pintura.
Nuevos datos para la interpretación de La conversión de Recaredo de Antonio Muñoz Degrain.
Authors: Bermejo de Rueda Leticia
Published: April 2018

Localizada la carta en la que Antonio Muñoz Degrain desvela sus fuentes de inspiración para ejecutar La conversión de Recaredo, hemos realizado un minucioso estudio de los libros de Historia del siglo XIX que nos ha permitido comprobar la visión decimonónica del reino visigodo y el grado de veracidad  que fue capaz de manifestar Muñoz Degrain.  Por otra parte, y dada la cronología de la obra, nos centramos en la representación de la Corona de Recesvinto perteneciente al Tesoro de Guarrazar.
Bajo la pluma de Damocles. El binomio conceptual “formalismo y decadencia” en la estética y crítica soviéticas
Authors: Vasileva Ivanova Aneta
Published: April 2018

Los artistas de la vanguardia revolucionaria se cuentan entre las primeras víctimas de las represiones estalinistas. Estas persecuciones están justificadas por una teoría estética, cuyos orígenes y desarrollo resultan tan paradójicos como poco investigados. Procedente de una visión decimonónica sobre el papel del arte, durante varias décadas la crítica soviética se adapta a la cambiante coyuntura del poder, proscribiendo creadores de todo tipo de tendencias. El artículo revisa las aportaciones clave de la teoría y crítica artística marxistas desde inicios del siglo XX hasta principios de los años ochenta, inseparables de los paradigmas de la historia del arte soviética, centrándose en los trabajos de Anatoli Lunacharski, Vladimir Kémenov, Grigory Sternin y Vladislav Zimenko. Sus escritos son analizados en relación con los hechos significativos de la historia cultural y contrastados con las ideas actuales de los estudiosos rusos, sobre el antagonismo entre el modelo estético oficial y las alternativas perseguidas. Un elemento de especial interés es el papel de la institución académica, como productora de conceptos estéticos e historiográficos, destinados a legitimar o a atenuar el discurso represor.
La relación entre la casa Roger de Figueres y las pinturas de salvador Dalí realizadas en 1929
Authors: Borrás Espinosa Marc
Published: April 2018

La presencia de una gran langosta en ciertas pinturas de Salvador Dalí se ha explicado iconológicamente como fruto de su fobia. El origen de este insecto se sitúa en el subconsciente del pintor, siendo anticipo del método paranoico-crítico. Sin embargo, un estudio de los edificios de la calle Monturiol, donde vivió su niñez y juventud, desvela un origen concreto de este ortóptero, desvelando el uso consciente de los elementos presentes en sus pinturas.
Figuras del desarraigo: los ciclos Caminantes e Hilaturas de Víctor Mira
Authors: Cortés Santamarta David
Published: April 2018

El presente texto analiza la iconografía de dos conjuntos de obras realizados por el artista español Víctor Mira (1949-2003) a lo largo de la primera mitad de la década de 1980. En la atormentada condición de las figuras no sólo se transmite la inquietud existencial del propio Mira, sino que también se cifran alusiones a las dos tradiciones culturales, las de Alemania y España, donde desarrolló su trayectoria creativa. Por el inmediato dramatismo de su lenguaje plástico, su densidad simbólica y el decidido uso del medio pictórico para reflexionar en torno a la propia identidad y a la historia contemporánea, la obra de Mira, dentro de las denominadas tendencias neoexpresionistas que dominaron la pintura europea en aquellos años, está próxima a la de autores del ámbito alemán, como Baselitz, Kiefer, Penck o Immendorff.
Violencia y control de la imagen. La identidad femenina en la obra de Ana Mendieta
Authors: Rivero Moreno Luis D.
Published: April 2018

En la sociedad de la información las imágenes de la violencia se multiplican hasta hacer complicada la posibilidad de una reflexión sobre las mismas. Esta investigación propone recuperar el trabajo de la artista Ana Mendieta como forma de afrontar la visibilización del problema de la violencia de género de un modo artístico y personal, contrapuesto al extendido desde los mecanismos del poder. De este modo, basándonos en las principales corrientes de estudios de género en contraposición a la obra de la artista cubana, se describe la posibilidad que ofrece la muestra del cuerpo y la violencia sobre el mismo a través del body art y la performance. Las mujeres alcanzan así un mecanismo de búsqueda de una identidad propia, de la creación de su imagen y de la expresión de los problemas sociales habitualmente silenciados por el poder patriarcal, empeñado en adscribirlos al ámbito privado y no visible.
Major medical causes by breed and life stage for dogs presented at veterinary clinics in the Republic of Korea: a survey of electronic medical records
Authors: Kim Eunju , Choe Changyong , Yoo Jae Gyu , Oh Sang-Ik , Jung Younghun , Cho Ara , Kim Suhee , Do Yoon Jung
Published: April 2018

Background. Age and breed are considered the greatest risk factors for disease incidence and mortality in companion dogs. Understanding the incidence of diseases, in relation to age and breed, would support appropriate guidance for future health care strategies and provide useful information for the early diagnosis of diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the major medical causes for dogs visiting primary-care veterinary clinics in the Republic of Korea, stratified by age and breed.

Methods. A total of 15,531 medical records of canine patients were analyzed from 11 veterinary clinics who shared data from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016. An electronic medical record (EMR) system was used for data collection, which included the animal identification number, species, date of birth, breed, gender, neuter status, clinical information, and diagnosis. EMR data were classified using the International Classification of Disease system from the World Health Organization; signs and symptoms were identified according to breed and life stage.

Results. Within the age groups, preventive medicine (16.7% CI; 15.9–17.5) was the most common cause for clinic visits for the <1 y and 1–3 y groups. Additionally, neutering surgery (6.6% CI; 6.0–7.1) and patella luxation (1.4% CI; 1.8–2.7) were frequently performed in these age groups. In the 4–6 y group, otitis externa (8.8% CI; 7.8–10.0) and dermatitis or eczema (8.5% CI; 7.5–9.6) were common medical problems. In older dogs (>10 y), the incidences of heart disease, kidney disease, Cushing’s disease, and mammary tumors were higher than in the other age groups. In addition, these diseases were correlated with age groups (p<0.05). Small and toy breed dogs comprised 74.9% of all dogs in this analysis. For all breeds, otitis externa, dermatitis or eczema, vomiting, and diarrhea were common medical problems. The incidences of these diseases were correlated with breed groups (p<0.05).

Discussion. This study identified the most common medical disorders and differences in incidences of diseases, according to age and breed groups. The information from EMRs for dogs visiting primary-care veterinary clinics can provide background knowledge that is required to enable a better understanding of disease patterns and occurrence by age and breed groups. The information from this study could enable the creation of strategies for preventing diseases and enable the identification of health problems for more effective disease management in companion dogs.
Physiological responses of Oxyrrhis marina to a diet of virally infected Emiliania huxleyi
Authors: Goode Andrew G , Fields David M , Archer Stephen D , Martínez Martínez Joaquín
Published: April 2018

The coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi forms some of the largest phytoplankton blooms in the ocean. The rapid demise of these blooms has been linked to viral infections. E. huxleyi abundance, distribution, and nutritional status make them an important food source for the heterotrophic protists which are classified as microzooplankton in marine food webs. In this study we investigated the fate of E. huxleyi (CCMP 374) infected with virus strain EhV-86 in a simple predator-prey interaction. The ingestion rates of Oxyrrhis marina were significantly lower (between 26.9 and 50.4%) when fed virus-infected E. huxleyi cells compared to non-infected cells. Despite the lower ingestion rates, O. marina showed significantly higher growth rates (between 30 and 91.3%) when fed infected E. huxleyi cells, suggesting higher nutritional value and/or greater assimilation of infected E. huxleyi cells. No significant differences were found in O. marina cell volumes or fatty acids profiles. These results show that virally infected E. huxleyi support higher growth rates of single celled heterotrophs and in addition to the “viral shunt” hypothesis, viral infections may also divert more carbon to mesozooplankton grazers.
Effects of heat treatment by immersion in household conditions on olive oil as compared to other culinary oils: a descriptive study
Authors: Nogueira-de-Almeida Carlos , A. de Castro Georgia
Published: April 2018

The objectives were to evaluate the properties of refined (ROO) and extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) in their natural state (fresh) and after heating, while comparing them with each other and with refined soybean (SBO) and refined sunflower seed oil (SFO). The methodology was designed to simulate, in controlled laboratory conditions, the home-frying process, while evaluating fatty acid profile (fatty acid methyl esters were separated by gas chromatography), concentration of phenolic compounds (Gallic acid dosage), antioxidant activity (DPPH), and production of polar compounds (thin layer chromatography) before and after heating to 200 °C for six minutes. It was observed that, before and after heating, SBO and SFO are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (FA) and ROO and EVOO are rich in monounsaturated FA. Fresh or heated, ROO and EVOO do not have trans FA, which are present in SBO and SFO, and increase in SBO after heating (+ 32.8%). The concentrations of phenolic compounds are always higher in olive oils, despite the decrease that occurs after heating (-7.5% in the ROO and -24.6% in EVOO). Antioxidant activity is greater when olive oils are fresh and remains present in EVOO after heating. The concentration of polar compounds was similar for all oils after heating. In conclusion, ROO and EVOO are the richest in monounsaturated FA even after heating, with no production of saturated or trans FA. Despite losing some antioxidant activity, heated EVOO remains richer in monounsaturated FA than ROO, SBO and SFO in the fresh version. All oils suffer similar rates of degradation.
Response to comment on "Magnetosensitive neurons mediate geomagnetic orientation in Caenorhabditis elegans"
Authors: Vidal-Gadea Andres , Bainbridge Chance , Clites Ben , Palacios Bridgitte E , Bakhtiari Layla , Gordon Vernita , Pierce-Shimomura Jonathan
Published: April 2018

Many animals can orient using the earth’s magnetic field. In a recent study, we performed three distinct behavioral assays providing evidence that the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans orients to earth-strength magnetic fields (Vidal-Gadea et al., 2015). A new study by Landler et al. suggests that C. elegans does not orient to magnetic fields (Landler et al., 2018). They also raise conceptual issues that cast doubt on our study. Here, we explain how they appear to have missed positive results in part by omitting controls and running assays longer than prescribed, so that worms switched their preferred migratory direction within single tests. We also highlight differences in experimental methods and interpretations that may explain our different results and conclusions. Together, these findings provide guidance on how to achieve robust magnetotaxis and reinforce our original finding that C. elegans is a suitable model system to study magnetoreception.
Smart bats click twice
Authors: Kössl Manfred , Hechavarría Julio
Published: April 2018

The acoustic representation of the outside world in the midbrain of a bat becomes more precise as it uses double clicks to locate closer objects.
Tweet success? Scientific communication correlates with increased citations in Ecology and Conservation
Authors: Lamb Clayton T. , Gilbert Sophie L. , Ford Adam T.
Published: April 2018

Science communication is seen as critical for the disciplines of ecology and conservation, where research products are often used to shape policy and decision making. Scientists are increasing their online media communication, via social media and news. Such media engagement has been thought to influence or predict traditional metrics of scholarship, such as citation rates. Here, we measure the association between citation rates and the Altmetric Attention Score—an indicator of the amount and reach of the attention an article has received—along with other forms of bibliometric performance (year published, journal impact factor, and article type). We found that Attention Score was positively correlated with citation rates. However, in recent years, we detected increasing media exposure did not relate to the equivalent citations as in earlier years; signalling a diminishing return on investment. Citations correlated with journal impact factors up to ∼13, but then plateaued, demonstrating that maximizing citations does not require publishing in the highest-impact journals. We conclude that ecology and conservation researchers can increase exposure of their research through social media engagement and, simultaneously, enhance their performance under traditional measures of scholarly activity.
Análise micológica durante a decomposição cadavérica.
Authors: Goebel Cristine Souza , Oliveira Flávio De Mattos , Severo Luiz Carlos , Picanço Juliane Bentes , Alho Clarice Sampaio
Published: April 2018

Introdução: Assim como na entomologia forense, onde os insetos fornecem informações para a medicina legal, os fungos, que também aparecem na superfície dos corpos de humanos e animais em decomposição, podem ser uma ferramenta útil para a Tanatologia. Devido às variações climáticas, geográficas e ecológicas das diferentes regiões do mundo, as informações acerca do padrão fúngico terão diferentes contribuições na micologia forense. Objetivo: Analisar o crescimento dos fungos em cadáveres de suínos em decomposição na região metropolitana da capital do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, durante o verão. Métodos: Foram utilizados dois suínos expostos em ambiente aberto no município de Viamão, durante o verão (mês de dezembro). As colheitas de amostras fúngicas foram realizadas com um intervalo de 5, 10, 15, 20 e 30 (dias após a exposição). Resultados e Conclusão: Em 30 dias de exposição os fungos isolados foram predominantemente Candida spp e Penicillium spp. Este é o primeiro trabalho que trata do tema no Brasil.
Contexto familiar e saúde bucal de pré-escolares: uma abordagem quali-quantitativa em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Almeida Tatiana Frederico de , Vianna Maria Isabel Pereira
Published: April 2018

Introdução: Na infância a cárie dentária representa a principal patologia bucal. O cuidado familiar é necessário para a manutenção da saúde bucal da criança. Objetivo: Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar a relação entre o contexto familiar e a saúde bucal de pré-escolares, utilizando as abordagens qualitativa e quantitativa. Metodologia: O estudo epidemiológico foi de corte transversal e avaliou a saúde bucal de 528 crianças de 18 a 48 meses de idade assistidas pela Estratégia Saúde da Família de Salvador-BA e entrevistou suas respectivas mães, em 2007; já o estudo qualitativo foi realizado com mães, avós e profissionais de saúde bucal, que participaram de grupos focais. Os resultados buscaram articular ambas as abordagens. Resultados: As condições de saúde bucal deste grupo foram marcadas pela prevalência e gravidade da cárie dentária. Observou-se como fatores associados à ocorrência da cárie na dentição decídua: idade da criança, renda familiar, escolaridade materna, número de moradores por cômodo, tipo de casa, relação mãe-filho e alcoolismo materno. A cárie é percebida como um problema importante. Conclusão: Ações intersetoriais e o acolhimento nos serviços são necessárias para o planejamento de estratégias de saúde bucal mais efetivas para os pré-escolares.
Práticas de saúde na atenção primária e uso de psicotrópicos: uma revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Wanderley Thyago Da Costa , Cavalcanti Alessandro Leite , Santos Silvana
Published: April 2018

Introdução: A Atenção Primária à Saúde é responsável pela solução dos principais problemas de saúde da comunidade inclusive o tratamento de pessoas com transtornos mentais, reforçando a necessidade do estreitamento dos vínculos entre equipes de saúde mental e saúde da família no que diz respeito o uso racional de psicotrópicos. Objetivo: descrever o que a literatura discute a respeito das práticas de saúde na atenção primária à saúde e o uso de psicotrópicos. Metodologia: realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura baseada em dados da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde e PUBMED. Resultados: foi prevalente o uso de psicofármacos em: mulheres; desempregados e indivíduos com níveis sociais mais elevados. O uso aumenta com o avançar da idade ocorrendo de forma prolongada e concomitante a outros psicotrópicos. No Brasil, as prescrições eram feitas por psiquiatras, não condizendo com a realidade de outros países onde as prescrições advinham da atenção básica por clínicos. As fontes de dados utilizadas nos estudos

eram bancos de prescrições das farmácias dos municípios, o que impossibilita a real avaliação das prescrições dos indivíduos e a certeza do cumprimento do tratamento. Conclusão: é necessário o aperfeiçoamento das práticas de saúde na assistência em saúde mental, na perspectiva da atenção primária à saúde, relativo ao fenômeno do uso racional de psicotrópicos. Foi possível traçar um panorama da situação do uso indiscriminado e o insuficiente controle do uso dessa classe de medicamentos. A identificação de fragilidades pode contribuir para a proposta de intervenções a resolução da situação enquanto problema de saúde pública.
Efeito da mobilização passiva contínua em pós-operatório de lesão condral traumática do joelho: revisão de literatura
Authors: Vidmar Marlon Francys , Muntini Naiana , Audino Luiza Parizotto , Almeida Carlos Rafael , Pimentel Gilnei Lopes
Published: April 2018

Introdução: Lesões na cartilagem articular são atualmente uma das principais causas de cuidados de saúde no mundo, na medida em que elas se tornaram um problema de saúde pública, sobretudo nos países em que a expectativa de vida aumentou, o que também tem aumentado nas patologias articulares. Objetivo: Analisar o efeito da mobilização passiva contínua sobre a dor e amplitude de movimento em pós-operatório de lesão condral traumática de joelho. Metodologia: O estudo foi realizado de março a outubro de

2010. Desfechos estudados: Dor e amplitude de movimento. Descritores: “Cartilage Disease”, “knee injury”, “cartilage”, “fracture cartilage”, “motion therapy”, “continuous passive”, “continuous passive movement”, “therapy”, “passive movement therapy”, “continuous”, “movement therapy”, “continuous passive”, “passive motion therapy”, “continuous passive motion therapy”, “CPM therapy”, “CPM therapies”, “therapies”, “therapy, CPM”. O tratamento permanece controverso, imprevisível e impreciso na medida

em que as indicações estão sem causa, e às vezes, é impraticável no que se refere aos regimes de reabilitação e custos de entrega efetiva e da recuperação. Resultados: indicaram eficácia no tratamento das lesões de cartilagem, principalmente no que se refere à dor. E, por fim, deixa-se espaço para que outros pesquisadores busquem mais evidências científicas sobre a MPC, já que a pobreza

do acervo consultado nos impossibilita de realizar um estudo mais aprimorado.
Implantação das normas de biossegurança no laboratório de microbiologia e parasitologia veterinária da Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB)
Authors: Bacelar Carvalho Filipe Ramon , Do Carmo Boaventura Bruna , Del'Arco Vinhas Costa Ana Elisa , Santana Soares e Barros Ludmila , Bahia Cerqueira Robson
Published: April 2018

Introdução: As normas de biossegurança são medidas que acontecem para prevenir a ocorrência de acidentes e conseqüentemente reduzir os riscos inerentes às atividades desenvolvidas nos diversos setores de saúde. Objetivo: A finalidade da realização deste estudo foi padronizar e implantar as normas de biossegurança no Laboratório de Microbiologia e Parasitologia Veterinária da Universidade

Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia - Campi Cruz das Almas. Metodologia: desenvolvida com a catalogação de equipamento, mobiliários, avaliação de fluxo e procedimentos no laboratório. Após registro dos itens catalogados passou-se para elaboração dos POP’S e manual de qualidade, bem como alterações na disposição de mobiliários para melhor implantação das normas de biossegurança.

Resultados: Constatou-se que a aplicação dos POP´S, elaboração do manual de qualidade, bem como, organização e disposição de bancadas, armários e equipamentos possibilitaram uma maior e melhor mobilidade por parte dos professores, alunos e funcionários

que transitam nesta unidade.
Avaliação in vitro do selamento marginal de sistemas adesivos autocondicionantes
Authors: Aguiar Yêska Paola Costa , Dantas Darlene Cristina Ramos Eloy , Ribeiro Ana Isabella Arruda Meira , Sousa Yasmine De Carvalho , Lima Rennaly De Freitas , Cavalcanti Alessandro Leite
Published: April 2018

Objetivo: Avaliar in vitro o selamento marginal de restaurações classe II em resina composta após a aplicação de sistemas adesivos autocondicionantes. Metodologia: A amostra foi composta por quarenta terceiros molares humanos hígidos, nos quais foram realizados preparos cavitários Classe II nas faces mesial e distal, sendo os elementos dentários divididos em quatro grupos (n=20) de acordo com o tipo de adesivo utilizado: G1: Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray), G2: Adper SE Plus (3M/ESPE), G3: AdperEasyOne SE (3M/ESPE), G4: GO! (SDI). Todas as cavidades foram restauradas com resina composta Filtek Z250 (3M/ ESPE). Após armazenamento, os elementos foram submetidos à termociclagem (500 ciclos: 5°C/55°C) e imersos em solução de azul de metileno a 2% por 24 horas.

Os espécimes sofreram corte no sentido longitudinal e foi realizada a avaliação do grau de microinfiltração na interface dente/material restaurador através de escores. Os resultados foram avaliados com o auxílio do software SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) na versão 15 por meio do teste de Kruskal-Wallis, sendo adotando um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Em relação aos substratos dentina ou esmalte, não houve diferença estatística significativa quanto aos diferentes tipos de adesivos utilizados (p>0,05). Entretanto, entre os diferentes grupos comparados para o substrato esmalte, observou-se diferença significativa entre os sistemas adesivos Clearfil SE Bond e Adper SE Plus (p<0,05). Conclusão: Nenhum dos adesivos testados foi capaz de impedir a infiltração marginal, não sendo observadas diferenças com relação ao grau de infiltração nos substratos esmalte e dentina.
Grau de informações dos profissionais de salões de beleza sobre AIDS e hepatite
Authors: Moreira Ana Cristina Azevedo , Silva Fernando Lima da , Silva Juliane Kely Fagundes , Carvalho José Luiz Moreira de
Published: April 2018

Introdução: devido à utilizaçăo de instrumentos perfurocortantes, profissionais e clientes de salões de beleza estăo expostos aorisco de contágio por sangue contaminado com os vírus HIV e da hepatite. Objetivo: avaliar o grau de informações de manicures,pedicures e podólogos sobre AIDS e hepatite na cidade do Salvador, BA. Metodologia: aplicação de questionários semiestruturadosa 149 profissionais em salões de beleza instalados em Salvador-BA. Resultados: questionados sobre AIDS, 33,7% conceituaram-nacomo doença gravíssima e mortal; 23,5%, como doença sexualmente transmissível ou contraída através de instrumentos não estéreis;14,8% como a pior das doenças. Sobre a transmissão, 40,3% responderam relações sexuais sem uso de preservativo; 22,2%, atravésde materiais pérfuro-cortantes, e 0,6 % por contato com o portador. Para a hepatite, a maioria dos entrevistados conceituaram-nafazendo alusões à AIDS, ou não souberam responder. Na prevençăo dessas doenças, 41,6% responderam esterilização dos materiais,principalmente alicates, ou utilização do próprio material pelos clientes. Sobre a ocorrência de mudanças nas atividades após osurgimento da AIDS e hepatite, a maioria afirmou ter modificado sua rotina de trabalho. Quanto à imunização, 73,2% afirmaram servacinados contra a hepatite B. Conclusão: os resultados obtidos mostraram que parcela relevante dos profissionais entrevistadostinham conhecimentos insuficientes sobre o conceito e transmissăo da Aids e principalmente com relação à hepatite. A ocorrênciade manicures, pedicures e podólogos ainda não imunizados contra a hepatite B e o parco conhecimento deles sobre essas doençasindicaram a necessidade de campanhas de vacinação e cursos destinados a esse público.
DISCLOSURE DE INFORMAÇÕES DOS CAPITAIS NÃO FINANCEIROS DO SETOR DE UTILIDADE PÚBLICA DA BM&FBOVESPA: UMA EVIDÊNCIA A PARTIR DO RELATO INTEGRADO
Authors: Gomes de Lima Hortência , Silva Roseane Patrícia De Araújo
Published: April 2018

O presente estudo apresenta como objetivo avaliar como se comporta o nível de divulgação das empresas do setor de utilidade pública listadas na BM&FBOVESPA no que concerne às informações integradas de capitais não financeiros disponibilizadas em seus relatos integrados durante os anos de 2014 e 2015. Para concretizar tal objetivo utilizou-se de um cheklist de indicadores elaborado a partir das especificações do Relato Integrado (2013). Trata-se de um estudo longitudinal, descritivo e quali-quantitativo. A amostra foi composta por 24 empresas, sendo 04 do subsetor de água e saneamento e 20 do subsetor energia elétrica. Os principais resultados denotam que os indicadores que mais se destacam são os existentes no capital natural, no capital humano e no capital social e de relacionamento, nesta ordem, enquanto o que o capital intelectual é o menos evidenciado. Quanto ao índice médio de divulgação de cada capital não financeiro por subsetor, pode-se encontrar que o subsetor de água e saneamento apresentou maiores índices de divulgação dos capitais natural e humano que o subsetor de energia elétrica. Os níveis de governança corporativa que mais se destacam são o Novo Mercado e o Nível 2, porém sem diferenças significativas em relação aos demais segmentos. O referido trabalho contribui para uma abordagem mais analítica da incidência de informações não financeiras em relatos integrados disponibilizados por organizações que necessitam maior empenho em seu processo de legitimidade.   
Concurso público para bacharéis em Ciências Contábeis no Brasil: uma análise das provas à luz da Taxonomia de Bloom
Authors: Lara Lorenna Dantas , Pereira Ednei Morais
Published: April 2018

Diante das mudanças trazidas pela convergência contábil no Brasil, este trabalhou objetivou analisar o conteúdo de Contabilidade Societária nas provas de seleção no país entre os anos de 2010 e 2014, cujo requisito profissional exigido foi a formação em Ciências Contábeis. A metodologia utilizada foi a de verificar, por meio da análise de 750 questões, como o conteúdo vem sendo exigido nas provas à luz da Taxonomia de Bloom, que divide o conhecimento em seis níveis básicos de cognição: 1-conhecimento, 2-compreensão, 3-aplicação, 4-análise, 5-síntese e 6-avaliação. Os resultados apontaram o seguinte: Contabilidade Societária corresponde em média a 37% do conteúdo total de Contabilidade das provas; a maioria das questões (85%) requer dos candidatos habilidades de compreensão e aplicação. Não há alta associação entre níveis de taxonomia, banca examinadora, esfera de atuação do cargo e faixa salarial. As provas, portanto, exigem baixas habilidades cognitivas dos candidatos com formação em Ciências Contábeis.
Editorial
Authors: UFBA RC-
Published: April 2018

Editorial da Revista de Contabilidade da UFBA, volume 12, edição 1, jan-abr 2018
Triethylamine Enables Catalytic Generation of Oxidopyrylium Ylides for [5+2] Cycloadditions with Alkenes: An Efficient Entry to 8‐Oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane Frameworks
Authors: Toda Yasunori , Shimizu Masahiro , Iwai Taichi , Suga Hiroyuki
Published: April 2018

An efficient method for the preparation of a range of 8‐oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane derivatives including synthetic intermediates of natural products is described, in which triethylamine effectively catalyzes [5+2] cycloaddition reactions between oxidopyrylium ylides and alkenes. This method can be applied not only to intermolecular cycloadditions with various alkenes but also to intramolecular cycloadditions. The key finding is that the combined use of organic bases having appropriate basicity and oxidopyrylium ylide precursors bearing a suitable leaving group facilitates the base‐assisted generation of oxidopyrylium ylides in a catalytic manner.

magnified image
Five-year follow-up of a randomized clinical trial comparing open surgery, foam sclerotherapy and endovenous laser ablation for great saphenous varicose veins
Authors: Vähäaho S , Halmesmäki K , Albäck A , Saarinen E , Venermo M
Published: April 2018

Background

New treatment methods have challenged open surgery as a treatment for great saphenous vein (GSV) insufficiency, the most common being ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS) and endovenous laser ablation (EVLA). This study evaluated the long-term results of surgery, EVLA and UGFS in the treatment of GSV reflux.

Methods

Patients with symptomatic GSV reflux were randomized to undergo either open surgery, EVLA or UGFS. The main outcome measure was the occlusion rate of the GSV at 5 years after operation.

Results

The study included 196 patients treated during 2008–2010; of these, 166 (84·7 per cent) participated in the 5-year follow-up. At 5 years, the GSV occlusion rate was 96 (95 per cent c.i. 91 to 100) per cent in the open surgery group, 89 (82 to 98) per cent after EVLA and 51 (38 to 64) per cent after UGFS (P < 0·001). For patients who had received no additional treatment during follow-up, the occlusion rates were 96 per cent (46 of 48), 89 per cent (51 of 57) and 41 per cent (16 of 39) respectively. UGFS without further GSV treatment was successful in only 16 of 59 patients (27 per cent) at 5 years.

Conclusion

UGFS has significantly inferior occlusion rates compared with open surgery or EVLA, and results in additional treatments.
Progress and future direction in the management of advanced colorectal cancer
Authors: Brown K G M , Solomon M J
Published: April 2018

Improving advanced colorectal cancer care
Steric/π‐Electronic Insulation of the carbo‐Benzene Ring: Dramatic Effects of tert‐Butyl versus Phenyl Crowns on Geometric, Chromophoric, Redox, and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Listunov Dymytrii , Duhayon Carine , Poater Albert , Mazères Serge , Saquet Alix , Maraval Valérie , Chauvin Remi
Published: April 2018

Hexa‐tert‐butyl‐carbo‐benzene (C18tBu6) and three phenylated counterparts (C18tBumPh6−m; m=4, 2) have been synthesized. The peralkylated version (m=6) provides experimental access to intrinsic features of the insulated C18 core independently from the influence of π‐conjugated substituent. Over the series, structural, spectroscopic, and electrochemical properties are compared with those of the hexaphenylated reference (m=0). Anchoring tBu substituents at the C18 macrocycle is shown to enhance stability and solubility, and to dramatically modify UV/Vis absorption and redox properties. Whereas all carbo‐benzenes reported previously were obtained as dark‐reddish/greenish solids, crystals and solutions of C18tBu6 happen to be yellow (λmax=379 vs. 472 nm for C18Ph6). In comparison to C18Ph6, the reduction of C18tBu6 remains reversible, but occurs at twice as high an absolute potential (E1/2=−1.36 vs. −0.72 V). Systematic XRD analyses and DFT calculations show that the C18 ring symmetry is the nearest to D6h for m=6, which indicates a maximum geometric aromaticity. According to calculated nucleus‐independent chemical shifts (NICS), the macrocyclic magnetic aromaticity is also maximum for C18tBu6: NICS(0)=−17.2 ppm versus (−18.0±0.1) ppm for the theoretical references C18H6 and C18F6, and −13.5 ppm for C18Ph6. Accurate correlations of NICS(0) with experimentally recorded or calculated maximum UV/Vis absorption wavelengths, λmax, and chemical hardness, η=ELUMO−EHOMO, are evidenced.
Accelerated Forced Degradation of Pharmaceuticals in Levitated Microdroplet Reactors
Authors: Li Yangjie , Liu Yong , Gao Hong , Helmy Roy , Wuelfing W. Peter , Welch Christopher J. , Cooks R. Graham
Published: April 2018

Forced degradation is a method of studying the stability of pharmaceuticals in order to design stable formulations and predict drug product shelf life. Traditional methods of reaction and analysis usually take multiple days, and include LC‐UV and LC‐MS product analysis. In this study, the reaction/analysis sequence was accelerated to be completed within minutes using Leidenfrost droplets as reactors (acceleration factor: 23–188) and nanoelectrospray ionization MS analysis. The Leidenfrost droplets underwent the same reactions as seen in traditional bulk solution experiments for three chemical degradations studied. This combined method of accelerated reaction and analysis has the potential to be extended to forced degradation of other pharmaceuticals and to drug formulations. Control of reaction rate and yield is achieved by manipulating droplet size, levitation time and whether or not make‐up solvent is added. Evidence is provided that interfacial effects contribute to rate acceleration.
Total cardiovascular events analysis of the EXAMINE trial in patients with type 2 diabetes and recent acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Cavender Matthew A. , White William B. , Liu Yuyin , Massaro Joseph M. , Bergenstal Richard M. , Mehta Cyrus R. , Zannad Faiez , Heller Simon , Cushman William C. , Cannon Christopher P.
Published: April 2018

Alogliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor, is approved for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). EXAMINE was a randomized controlled clinical trial designed to demonstrate the cardiovascular (CV) safety of alogliptin. In the trial, 5380 patients with established T2DM who had a recent acute coronary syndrome event (between 15 and 90 days) were randomized to treatment with either alogliptin or placebo. To better understand and describe the CV safety of alogliptin, we analyzed data from the EXAMINE trial to determine whether treatment with alogliptin affected recurrent and total CV events. Poisson regression analysis compared the total number of occurrences of CV death, MI, stroke, unstable angina, and coronary revascularization between all patients randomized to alogliptin vs placebo groups. Patients with recurrent CV events were older and more likely to have renal disease and history of heart failure. There were 1100 first CV events and an additional 666 recurrent events over a median of 18 months of follow‐up. There were no significant differences with regard to total number of events in patients treated with alogliptin (n = 873) or placebo (n = 893; P = 0.52). Furthermore, there were no differences in the types of events seen in patients treated with alogliptin or placebo. Alogliptin did not increase the risk of either first or recurrent CV events when compared with placebo in patients with T2DM and recent acute coronary syndrome. These data support the CV safety of alogliptin in patients who are at increased risk of future CV events.