bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioactive Diterpenoids from Clerodendrum kiangsiense
Authors: Xu Mingfeng , Wang Shengjia , Jia Ouya , Zhu Qin , Shi Lu’e
Published: January 2016

A new abeo-abietane diterpenoid, 12-methoxy-6,11,14,16-tetrahydroxy-17(15→16)-abeo-5,8,11,13-abietatetraen-3,7-dione (8), was isolated from the hydroalcoholic extract of the herb of Clerodendrum kiangsiense along with seven known diterpenoids (1–7). Their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic analyses including two-dimensional NMR and comparison with literature data. All of these compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against the growth of human cancer cells lines HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549 and MCF-7 by the MTT assay. The results showed that cryptojaponol (4), fortunin E (6) and 8 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines.
Evidence for the Formation of Benzacridine Derivatives in Alkaline-Treated Sunflower Meal and Model Solutions
Authors: Bongartz Verena , Brandt Lisa , Gehrmann Mai , Zimmermann Benno , Schulze-Kaysers Nadine , Schieber Andreas
Published: January 2016

Sunflower extraction meal (SEM) is an economically interesting protein source. During alkaline extraction of proteins, the presence of chlorogenic acid (CQA) in the meal gives rise to the formation of o-quinones. Reactions with nucleophiles present in proteins can lead to green discoloration. Although such reactions have been known for a long time, there is a lack of information on the chemical nature of the reaction products. SEM and model systems consisting of amino acids and CQA were subjected to alkaline treatment and, for comparison, to oxidation of CQA by polyphenoloxidase (PPO). Several green trihydroxy benzacridine (TBA) derivatives were tentatively identified in all samples by UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS. Surprisingly, in alkaline-treated samples of particular amino acids as well as in SEM, the same six TBA isomers were detected. In contrast, the enzymatically oxidized samples resulted in only three TBA derivatives. Contrary to previous findings, neither peptide nor amino acid residues were attached to the resultant benzacridine core. The results indicate that the formation of TBA derivatives is caused by the reaction between CQA quinones and free NH2 groups. Further research is necessary to elucidate the structure of the addition products for a comprehensive evaluation of food and feed safety aspects.
Excipient Nanoemulsions for Improving Oral Bioavailability of Bioactives
Authors: Salvia-Trujillo Laura , Martín-Belloso Olga , McClements David
Published: January 2016

The oral bioavailability of many hydrophobic bioactive compounds found in natural food products (such as vitamins and nutraceuticals in fruits and vegetables) is relatively low due to their low bioaccessibility, chemical instability, or poor absorption. Most previous research has therefore focused on the design of delivery systems to incorporate isolated bioactive compounds into food products. However, a more sustainable and cost-effect approach to enhancing the functionality of bioactive compounds is to leave them within their natural environment, but specifically design excipient foods that enhance their bioavailability. Excipient foods typically do not have functionality themselves but they have the capacity to enhance the functionality of nutrients present in natural foods by altering their bioaccessibility, absorption, and/or chemical transformation. In this review article we present the use of excipient nanoemulsions for increasing the bioavailability of bioactive components from fruits and vegetables. Nanoemulsions present several advantages over other food systems for this application, such as the ability to incorporate hydrophilic, amphiphilic, and lipophilic excipient ingredients, high physical stability, and rapid gastrointestinal digestibility. The design, fabrication, and application of nanoemulsions as excipient foods will therefore be described in this article.
Regulation of Intestinal Glucose Absorption by Ion Channels and Transporters
Authors: Chen Lihong , Tuo Biguang , Dong Hui
Published: January 2016

The absorption of glucose is electrogenic in the small intestinal epithelium. The major route for the transport of dietary glucose from intestinal lumen into enterocytes is the Na+/glucose cotransporter (SGLT1), although glucose transporter type 2 (GLUT2) may also play a role. The membrane potential of small intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) is important to regulate the activity of SGLT1. The maintenance of membrane potential mainly depends on the activities of cation channels and transporters. While the importance of SGLT1 in glucose absorption has been systemically studied in detail, little is currently known about the regulation of SGLT1 activity by cation channels and transporters. A growing line of evidence suggests that cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]cyt) can regulate the absorption of glucose by adjusting GLUT2 and SGLT1. Moreover, the absorption of glucose and homeostasis of Ca2+ in IEC are regulated by cation channels and transporters, such as Ca2+ channels, K+ channels, Na+/Ca2+ exchangers, and Na+/H+ exchangers. In this review, we consider the involvement of these cation channels and transporters in the regulation of glucose uptake in the small intestine. Modulation of them may be a potential strategy for the management of obesity and diabetes.
Cationic Nanocylinders Promote Angiogenic Activities of Endothelial Cells
Authors: Lee Jung , Balikov Daniel , Yang Jae , Kim Ki , Park Hun , Kim Jeong , Kwon Il , Bellan Leon , Sung Hak-Joon
Published: January 2016

Polymers have been used extensively taking forms as scaffolds, patterned surface and nanoparticle for regenerative medicine applications. Angiogenesis is an essential process for successful tissue regeneration, and endothelial cell–cell interaction plays a pivotal role in regulating their tight junction formation, a hallmark of angiogenesis. Though continuous progress has been made, strategies to promote angiogenesis still rely on small molecule delivery or nuanced scaffold fabrication. As such, the recent paradigm shift from top-down to bottom-up approaches in tissue engineering necessitates development of polymer-based modular engineering tools to control angiogenesis. Here, we developed cationic nanocylinders (NCs) as inducers of cell–cell interaction and investigated their effect on angiogenic activities of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. Electrospun poly (l-lactic acid) (PLLA) fibers were aminolyzed to generate positively charged NCs. The aninolyzation time was changed to produce two different aspect ratios of NCs. When HUVECs were treated with NCs, the electrostatic interaction of cationic NCs with negatively charged plasma membranes promoted migration, permeability and tubulogenesis of HUVECs compared to no treatment. This effect was more profound when the higher aspect ratio NC was used. The results indicate these NCs can be used as a new tool for the bottom-up approach to promote angiogenesis.
Correction: Pimont, F. et al. Estimating Leaf Bulk Density Distribution in a Tree Canopy Using Terrestrial LiDAR and a Straightforward Calibration Procedure. Remote Sens. 2015, 7(6), 7995-8018
Authors: Pimont François , Dupuy Jean-Luc , Rigolot Eric , Prat Vincent , Piboule Alexandre
Published: January 2016

After publication of the research paper [1] an error during the data analysis process was recognized. [...]
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Artificial Intelligence Revolutionizing Wildlife Monitoring and Conservation
Authors: Gonzalez Luis , Montes Glen , Puig Eduard , Johnson Sandra , Mengersen Kerrie , Gaston Kevin
Published: January 2016

Surveying threatened and invasive species to obtain accurate population estimates is an important but challenging task that requires a considerable investment in time and resources. Estimates using existing ground-based monitoring techniques, such as camera traps and surveys performed on foot, are known to be resource intensive, potentially inaccurate and imprecise, and difficult to validate. Recent developments in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), artificial intelligence and miniaturized thermal imaging systems represent a new opportunity for wildlife experts to inexpensively survey relatively large areas. The system presented in this paper includes thermal image acquisition as well as a video processing pipeline to perform object detection, classification and tracking of wildlife in forest or open areas. The system is tested on thermal video data from ground based and test flight footage, and is found to be able to detect all the target wildlife located in the surveyed area. The system is flexible in that the user can readily define the types of objects to classify and the object characteristics that should be considered during classification.
Determinants of Financial Sustainability for Farm Credit Applications—A Delphi Study
Authors: Henning Johannes , Jordaan Henry
Published: January 2016

Farmers use credit from commercial credit providers to finance production activities. Commercial credit providers have to predict the financial sustainability of the enterprise to ensure that the borrower will have the ability to repay the loan. A Delphi study was conducted to explore what factors are used as indicators of loan-repayment ability of farmers. The objective was not only to identify factors that are currently considered, but also to identify other personal attributes that may improve the accuracy in predicting the repayment ability of potential borrowers. The Delphi was applied to a panel consisting of nine credit analysts and credit managers from a commercial credit provider in South Africa. The results indicate that the current and past financial performance, account standing, collateral, and credit record of the farm are very important in the assessment of applications in terms of financial performance. Experience and the success factors compared to competitors were found to be important, while age and education/qualification are regarded as less important in predicting repayment ability. The results also show that, although not currently objectively included in credit evaluations, credit analysis regards leadership and human relations; commitment and confidence; internal locus of control; self-efficacy; calculated risk taking; need for achievement; and opportunity seeking as important indicators of the ability of potential borrows to repay their loans. Thus, credit analysts and managers also regard management abilities and entrepreneurial characteristics of potential borrowers to be good indicators of repayment ability. Results from this research provide new indicator factors that can be used to extend existing credit evaluation instruments in order to more accurately predict repayment ability.
Les bâtiments modernes d'élevage en France
Authors: Delamarre Aliette
Published: January 2016

La législation de 1966 a marqué, en France, l'émergence d'une politique en matière de bâtiments d'élevage, qui a favorisé depuis un ample mouvement de construction, principalement dans les exploitations de dimension moyenne pratiquant le système polyculture/élevage. A l'échelle individuelle, ces nouveaux outils facilitent les tâches, contribuent à une redistribution des rôles masculin/féminin dans le travail d'élevage, et plus généralement, au renouvellement du métier d'éleveur. A l'échelle collective, ces moyens de production favorisent la déstructuration du système polyculture/élevage et la progression de la division sociale du travail au sein du secteur agricole.
N-Methylphthalimide-substituted benzimidazolium salts and PEPPSI Pd–NHC complexes: synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity in carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions
Authors: Akkoç Senem , Gök Yetkin , İlhan İlhan Özer , Kayser Veysel
Published: January 2016

A series of novel benzimidazolium salts (1–4) and their pyridine enhanced precatalyst preparation stabilization and initiation (PEPPSI) themed palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes [PdCl2(NHC)(Py)] (5–8), where NHC = 1-(N-methylphthalimide)-3-alkylbenzimidazolin-2-ylidene and Py = 3-chloropyridine, were synthesized and characterized by means of 1H and 13C{1H} NMR, UV–vis (for 5–8), ESI-FTICR-MS (for 2, 4, 6–8) and FTIR spectroscopic methods and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were tested in Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling (for 1–8) and arylation (for 5–8) reactions. As catalysts, they demonstrated a highly efficient route for the formation of asymmetric biaryl compounds even though they were used in very low loading. For example, all compounds displayed good catalytic activity for the C–C bond formation of 4-tert-butylphenylboronic acid with 4-chlorotoluene.
Genomic Regions Influencing Seminal Root Traits in Barley
Authors: Robinson Hannah , Hickey Lee , Richard Cecile , Mace Emma , Kelly Alison , Borrell Andrew , Franckowiak Jerome , Fox Glen
Published: January 2016

Water availability is a major limiting factor for crop production, making drought adaptation and its many component traits a desirable attribute of plant cultivars. Previous studies in cereal crops indicate that root traits expressed at early plant developmental stages, such as seminal root angle and root number, are associated with water extraction at different depths. Here, we conducted the first study to map seminal root traits in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Using a recently developed high‐throughput phenotyping method, a panel of 30 barley genotypes and a doubled‐haploid (DH) population (ND24260 × ‘Flagship’) comprising 330 lines genotyped with diversity array technology (DArT) markers were evaluated for seminal root angle (deviation from vertical) and root number under controlled environmental conditions. A high degree of phenotypic variation was observed in the panel of 30 genotypes: 13.5 to 82.2 and 3.6 to 6.9° for root angle and root number, respectively. A similar range was observed in the DH population: 16.4 to 70.5 and 3.6 to 6.5° for root angle and number, respectively. Seven quantitative trait loci (QTL) for seminal root traits (root angle, two QTL; root number, five QTL) were detected in the DH population. A major QTL influencing both root angle and root number (RAQ2/RNQ4) was positioned on chromosome 5HL. Across‐species analysis identified 10 common genes underlying root trait QTL in barley, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Here, we provide insight into seminal root phenotypes and provide a first look at the genetics controlling these traits in barley.
Examining the Transcriptional Response in Wheat Fhb1 Near‐Isogenic Lines to Fusarium graminearum Infection and Deoxynivalenol Treatment
Authors: Hofstad Anna N. , Nussbaumer Thomas , Akhunov Eduard , Shin Sanghyun , Kugler Karl G. , Kistler H. Corby , Mayer Klaus F.X. , Muehlbauer Gary J.
Published: January 2016

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a disease caused predominantly by the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum that affects wheat and other small‐grain cereals and can lead to severe yield loss and reduction in grain quality. Trichothecene mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol (DON), accumulate during infection and increase pathogen virulence and decrease grain quality. The Fhb1 locus on wheat chromosome 3BS confers Type II resistance to FHB and resistance to the spread of infection on the spike and has been associated with resistance to DON accumulation. To gain a better genetic understanding of the functional role of Fhb1 and resistance or susceptibility to FHB, we examined DON and ergosterol accumulation, FHB resistance, and the whole‐genome transcriptomic response using RNA‐seq in a near‐isogenic line (NIL) pair carrying the resistant and susceptible alleles for Fhb1 during F. graminearum infection and DON treatment. Our results provide a gene expression atlas for the resistant and susceptible wheat–F. graminearum interaction. The DON concentration and transcriptomic results show that the rachis is a key location for conferring Type II resistance. In addition, the wheat transcriptome analysis revealed a set of Fhb1‐responsive genes that may play a role in resistance and a set of DON‐responsive genes that may play a role in trichothecene resistance. Transcriptomic results from the pathogen show that the F. graminearum genome responds differently to the host level of resistance. The results of this study extend our understanding of host and pathogen responses in the wheat–F. graminearum interaction.
Spider diversity (Arachnida: Araneae) in Atlantic Forest areas at Pedra Branca State Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Castanheira Pedro , Pérez-González Abel , Baptista Renner
Published: January 2016

There has never been any published work about the diversity of spiders in the city of Rio de Janeiro using analytical tools to measure diversity. The only available records for spider communities in nearby areas indicate 308 species in the National Park of Tijuca and 159 species in Marapendi Municipal Park. These numbers are based on a rapid survey and on an one-year survey respectively.

This study provides a more thorough understanding of how the spider species are distributed at Pedra Branca State Park. We report a total of 14,626 spider specimens recorded from this park, representing 49 families and 373 species or morphospecies, including at least 73 undescribed species. Also, the distribution range of 45 species was expanded, and species accumulation curves estimate that there is a minimum of 388 (Bootstrap) and a maximum of 468 species (Jackknife2) for the sampled areas. These estimates indicates that the spider diversity may be higher than observed.
La Dissertation sur la glace (1749)
Authors: Le Lay Colette , Rémy Frédérique
Published: January 2016

La Dissertation sur la glace , rédigée par Jean-Jacques Dortous de Mairan à ses débuts à Béziers puis Bordeaux, puis remaniée profondément trois décennies plus tard lorsque le savant est devenu une figure importante de l’Académie royale des sciences, constitue aux yeux des contemporains une somme incontournable sur le sujet. De la formation de la glace au dégel, tous les phénomènes y sont traités avec force observations et expériences. Le concept explicatif mis en œuvre est celui de la matière subtile. Mais, lors de la dernière publication, en 1749, les théories globalisantes ont mauvaise presse. Aussi l’auteur anticipe-t-il les critiques dans une préface défendant l’esprit de système. Celle-ci ne pouvait manquer de susciter l’ire des encyclopédistes.
L’éducation scolaire confrontée au regard des familles
Authors: Lorius Vincent
Published: January 2016

Résumé Les familles sont souvent considérées démissionnaires et / ou intrusives par les acteurs scolaires. L’auteur tente de comprendre comment dépasser ce dualisme qui place les parents dans l’éloignement de l’école et propose alors un argumentaire en trois temps. Pourquoi faire de l’éducation scolaire aujourd’hui un travail relevant des acteurs de l’institution conduit inéluctablement à la confrontation des éducateurs à la diversité des conceptions scolaires des familles. Ensuite, à partir de la lettre XXX des Lettres persanes de Montesquieu, il défend successivement deux idées : 1) l’importance d’une approche imaginative des relations parents / école ; 2) l’intérêt d’une éthique professionnelle minimaliste, basée sur la possibilité de la non-nuisance comme condition de la coopération avec les parents. La thèse est que ni les origines de l’école (qui s’est construite en mettant les familles à l’écart), ni le paradigme dominant de faire adhérer les familles aux dispositions scolaires ne permettent de transformer l’écart entre les points de vue familiaux et scolaires pour une meilleure prise en charge éducative.
Quand le care rapproche ce qu’en éducation la compétence éloigne
Authors: Usclat Pierre
Published: January 2016

Résumé Cet article propose une critique de la professionnalisation enseignante que les textes officiels actuels définissent sous le prisme de la compétence. Cette critique a pour point d’orgue la séparation et la mise à distance de l’enseignant et de l’élève pour obtenir d’eux une production rationalisée. Or une approche ergologique de la situation éducative fait entendre que l’enseignant et l’élève font apparaître leur proximité dans les décalages qu’ils opèrent par rapport aux injonctions auxquelles ils sont soumis. Se pose dès lors la question d’un agir pédagogique mettant l’accent sur ce qu’ils partagent, en présence l’un de l’autre et qui, sensible à la singularité et à la différence de chacun, les relie à partir des quatre phases d’une action de care .
Dialogues de la personnalisation. Une pensée de l’éducation à partir de Philippe Malrieu
Authors: Fabre Sylvain
Published: January 2016

Résumé La lecture de l’œuvre de Philippe Malrieu éclaire les dynamiques éducatives en en montrant la double logique, de socialisation et de personnalisation. Pour l’auteur, le sujet se développe sous le double effet des influences biologiques et sociales, et du travail d’unification de ces influences qui caractérise la personne. Le rôle du conflit et l’importance des émotions sont donc reconnus comme résultant de ces tensions : si le conflit peut empêcher le développement, il est aussi source d’une joie fondée sur la découverte des possibilités qu’ouvre la culture, ainsi que sur le sentiment du pouvoir sur soi. Dans ce processus, l’École occupe un rôle spécifique, complémentaire à celui des familles. En alliant psychologie et philosophie, par une « psychologie des philosophes », l’étude contribue à éclairer le sens de l’action enseignante, en permettant la compréhension de la singularité des situations au regard des finalités éducatives.
A proposal for the maximum use of recycled concrete sand in masonry mortar design
Authors: Fernández-Ledesma E. , Jiménez J. R. , Ayuso J. , Corinaldesi V. , Iglesias-Godino F. J.
Published: January 2016

Natural sand mining from rivers and seashores is causing serious environmental problems in many parts of the world, whereas the fine fraction from recycling concrete waste is underutilized as a construction material. The aim of this paper is to determine the maximum replacement level of natural sand by recycled sand in the manufacturing of masonry mortar (M-10). For this purpose, five replacement levels were tested: 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% by volume. The mixes were made using cement CEM II/BL 32.5 N in a volumetric proportion of cement-to-aggregate of 1:5. A commercial admixture was used at a constant content. The amount of water was variable to achieve a consistency of 175±10 mm. The short- and long-term mortar properties were evaluated. The data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA. In conclusion, a maximum percentage of 50% recycled concrete sand can be used in an indoor environment.
Design and Modelling 4 DOFs Upper Limb Exoskeleton
Authors: Mândru Dan , Tǎtar Olimpiu , Noveanu Simona , Ianoşi-Andreeva-Dimitrova Alexandru
Published: January 2016

Based on upper limb’s biomechanisms, in this paper, a robotic rehabilitation system is presented. It is designed as a 4 DOFs wearable exoskeleton applicable for repetitive practice of passive or active movements of the arm in shoulder joint and forearm in elbow joint. The kinematic analysis of the proposed system is followed by the 3D model and a description of the developed prototype.
Parametric Modeling for Analyzing Diseases of the Human Spine
Authors: Vaida Calin , Tucan Paul , Pislă Doina , Covaciu Florin
Published: January 2016

The paper presents a graphical simulation system of the human spine developed using integrated MATLAB software. The application is based on real parameters of the human spine that can be modified and personalized during the analysis and all data are reported with respect to an ideal model of the human spine that is also personalized to the patient in cause. Given the fact that the human spine is one of the most complex systems in the human body a high attention must be paid at every aspect of its geometry and motion during the daily activities of the patient, this application enabling the monitoring of the majority of these aspects by analyzing data obtained from a special designed sensor system attached to the patient body.
Influences of Antero-Posterior Tibial Slope on the Prosthetic Knee Contact Stresses
Authors: Calafeteanu Dan , Tarnita Dan , Catana Marius , Calin Daniel , Tarniţă Daniela
Published: January 2016

In this paper, using 3D finite element method and starting from the virtual model of the human knee joint-prosthesis assembly, we investigate the effects of antero-posterior tibial slope on contact stresses in the three components of total knee prosthesis. Using AnsysWorkbench15.07 software, the stress and displacements maps are obtained for knee-prosthesis assemblies and for their components, considering two loading force: 800N and 2400N and two cases of prosthetic knee varus slope: 176o and b) 191o. For each prosthesis-knee assembly and for each considered force, two variants of antero-posterior tibial slope were considered: 00 and 50.
A Simulation of the Stress Intensity Factors KI and KII Variation in the Hertzian Stresses Field of Gear Teeth
Authors: Popa Claudiu Ovidiu , Haragâş Simion
Published: January 2016

The most outstanding parameter that governs the fatigue crack growth under tensile stresses field is the stress intensity factor, mode I, KI. This is a sufficient parameter to describe the whole stress field at the crack tip. An accurate stress intensity factor KI evolution was worked out taking into account the position of the crack centre depth, and also, the residual stresses that act on the surface of the tooth, tensions that are linearly decreasing with the depth in the contact zone. On the other hand, the parameter that governs the crack fatigue growth in the case of compression stresses field is the stress intensity factor mode II, KII. This paper also presents the KII variation along pitch line with respect to the Hertzian contact stresses, the residual stresses and the crack centre depth of an initial crack in the sub-surface of the pinion tooth, having different inclination angle α. As result of this study, some particular factors favorable to the propagation of the fatigue cracks towards the surface of the gear tooth were identified. The availability of a master curve for a particular material relating fatigue crack growth rate and range of stress intensity factor enables a designer to predict growth rates for any cracked body, and it is not limited to situations similar to those pertaining to the cracked stressed specimen used to generate the original data.
FEA of Bioabsorbable Material to Repair Hand Fractures
Authors: Avilés Oscar F.S. , Mauledoux Mauricio F.M. , Rubiano Oscar G.M. , Ramirez Hoffman F.G. , Dutra Max Suell
Published: January 2016

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a bioabsorbable polymer that is used in a variety of medical conditions. Complex forms of this material are commonly made ​​for fixation and reconstruction of bone fractures. These bioabsorbable implants have been gaining popularity as an alternative to metal implants to stabilize small fractures due to its metal counterpart, avoiding problems such as bone resorption, additional surgery after fixation, infection and possible new fractures. In this paper are shows a number of finite element analysis that aims to determine the functionality of the plates and screws fixation with bioabsorbable material made ​​from PDLLA copolymers 50/50 and 85/15 PLLA-PGA respectively, for fixing and rebuilding of bone fractures in hand.
Study of Handling Mechanism Attached to a Multistorey Car Parks
Authors: Muscalagiu Cosmin , Ilincioiu Dan , Muscalagiu Daniel
Published: January 2016

Study bunk storage systems for motor vehicles developed much lately due to high demand for parking in congested city centers. In this paper we propose to study mechanism drive bunk platforms for dynamic request. This paper aims to improve the response mechanism on a platform behavior self-during operation of the system and identify hot spots.
Vehicle Steering Mechanism Elastodynamic Analysis
Authors: Dumitru Nicolae , Dumitru Sorin , Stoian Viorel , Geonea Ionut
Published: January 2016

In this paper is performed an elasto-dynamic study of a steering mechanism from a road vehicle. Kinematical studies of the steering mechanism have been made especially on robots, their results being presented in scientific literature. The main purpose of this study is to reduce tires wear by optimizing the components of the steering mechanism.
Modeling and Simulation of the Stand for Testing of Helicoidally Springs from Automotive’s Suspension
Authors: Bogdan Mihaela Liana , Popa Dragos Laurentiu , Simniceanu Loreta , Constantinescu Augustin
Published: January 2016

In this paper is made a tridimensional model for the stand use for the testing of helicoidally springs from automotives suspension using Solid Works soft. Then, it is realized the simulation for the testing of helicoidally springs. On this 3D-model is realized a dynamic analysis for the stand for obtaining the variation of stresses and deformation for all parts of this stand.
Structural and Static Analysis of the Mechanisms Used in Car Mechanical Jacks
Authors: Velișcu Viorica , Mesarici Dan , Antonescu Păun
Published: January 2016

The paper presents a structural analysis of the complex mechanisms type screw-jack. The mechanism mobilityanalysis using various generally applicable formulas has been performed. A newkinematic scheme of the jack linkage has been proposed. Besides the actuatorscrew, it has a planar kinematic chain with articulated bars. With regard tothis new mechanism, an algorithm for static calculus has been developed, inwhich the automobile gravity force is the main exterior force.
Studies Regarding the Evolution of Pollutant Emissions Related to Certain Transitory Condition of an Internal Combustion Engine Using Mobile Measuring Systems
Authors: Dumitru Ilie , Colici Florin , Dima Alexandru Mihai , Mărdărescu Vladimir
Published: January 2016

The internal combustion engine that equips a vehicle is a complex assembly of mechanical parts and electronics that controls almost every system. The electronic part of the vehicle gives the opportunity to observe and control what happens with the engine during function. The present paper follows the evolution of the pollutant emissions in relation with some transitory regimes of the car.
Simulation of Combustion Process in Diesel Engines Based on Eddy Dissipation Model
Authors: Dawwa Mahran
Published: January 2016

The aim of this study is to simulate the combustion process in the combustion chamber of diesel engines by using eddy dissipation model (EDM) and computational fluid dynamics method (CFD). Computational fluid dynamics has been used wieldy in the recent years for simulating the strokes of diesel engines including the combustion process. Eddy dissipation model can be used for simulating non-premixed combustion cases such as the combustion in diesel engines. The simulation steps and the simulation results will be discussed and illustrated. ANSYS program is the software which used for performing this simulation.
Dynamic Pressure Analysis of High Pressure Fuel Systems
Authors: Radu Sebastian , Abăităncei Horia , Tușinean Adrian , Radu Gheorghe Alexandru , Iakab-Peter Marton
Published: January 2016

In this paper is presented the dynamic study on the fuel feeding line of a compression ignition two stroke engine with two cylinders. The common rail type feeding line is working on a pressure of 1600 bar. To provide a uniformity of the fuel dosage introduced in the cylinder and a suitable control of fuel mixture realization a study was made of dynamic phenomenons that occur during the openings and closings of the injectors. The mathematic model was calibrated based on the experiments done on the engine.
Comparative Analysis of Two Wind Turbines with Planetary Speed Increaser in Steady-State
Authors: Saulescu Radu , Neagoe Mircea , Jaliu Codruta , Munteanu Olimpiu
Published: January 2016

Planetary transmissions used as speed amplifiers in wind/hydro conversion systems typically rely on the conventional concept of mechanism with one input and one output. This concept is found in the most of the high power wind turbines; however, the need to implement in the built environment smaller wind turbines with speed amplifiers led to new turbine concepts such as counter-rotating rotors and classical generator. The paper presents a comparative analysis of two wind turbines with one rotor and respectively two counter-rotating rotors, which contain identical electrical generators and the same type of mechanical amplifier used as a 1 DOF mechanism and differential one respectively. With the assumption of maintaining the same electrical generator running point for both wind turbines, the steady-state behaviour of the considered turbines is identified and a comparative kinematic and static performance analysis is performed, aiming at highlighting the impact on efficiency and on constructive design and development of the two turbines.
Design and Implementation of a Neural Network Applied to the Maximum Power Point Tracking of a Solar Panel
Authors: Mauledoux Mauticio , Fernández Posada Santiago , Avilés Sánchez Oscar
Published: January 2016

This paper shows the design and implementation of a neural network using back propagation method in order to perform the tracking of the maximum power point of a solar panel; this can be achieved by the use of the predictive ability of the network which uses light sensors to perform angular movement of the panel to find the optimum position. Tests were performed both in artificial and real environments; the network tracking sensitivity was tested in the artificial environment and it gave a result of less than 8 degrees of error, on the other hand in terms of voltage an improvement of more than 25% was found on the tracking configuration against an static configuration. As for the real environment testing, the tracking achieved to find the value of maximum power with a difference smaller than 4% of the maximum power measurement obtained.
Process Design for Autonomous Car Mining 1st Prototype “ACM1PT” to Help on Exploration Task on Outdoor Environments
Authors: Segura Crhistian , Hernandez Juan , Ramirez Hoffman , Aviles Oscar , Mauledoux Mauricio , Dutra Max
Published: January 2016

The follow paper explains the process design of the development of a mobile robotic vehicle which main purpose is to aid on task of exploration on the mining sector. The paper shows the whole process from the customer needs through the conceptual sketch to the definitive design. It also describes mathematical considerations for the selection of the motors for locomotion and steering. Followed by mechanical strength simulations in order to choose the right material and finally simulations of the behavior of the robotic vehicle suspension.
Study of the Friction Coefficient in Polyamide/Steel Type Contacts in Non-Lubricated Conditions
Authors: Lates Mihai Tiberiu , Gavrila Catalin
Published: January 2016

The paper presents the determination of the friction coefficient for the polyamide / steel type contacts in the case of dry friction. First, there are presented the characteristics of the testing equipments and the test procedure. According to the results, there are presented recommendations for the applicability of the tested polyamide material.
The Influence of Two Extra Carbon Fiber Layers over the Damping Properties for Sandwich Bars with Polypropylene Honeycomb Core
Authors: Miriţoiu Cosmin Mihai , Roşca Valcu , Burada Cristian Oliviu , Bolcu Alexandru , Ciurezu Leonard
Published: January 2016

In this paper we will build some new and original composite sandwich bars reinforced with two and four layers of carbon fiber (in the upper and lower sides), with the core made of polypropylene honeycomb. Starting from the dynamic response of these bars that are in free vibration, we will establish a procedure to determine their damping factor per unit mass and per unit length. The bars will have the polypropylene honeycomb core with 10 and 15 mm and the width of 45 mm. The bars will be clamped at one end and free at the other. We will consider several free lengths of: 200, 230, 260, 290, 320 and 350 mm. We will highlight how the damping factor will increase if two extra carbon fiber layers are added in the upper and lower sides of the sandwich bars.
Factors Affecting Electrochemical Honing of SS-316
Authors: Singh Harpreet , Jain Pramod Kumar
Published: January 2016

Electrochemical Honing (ECH) is a process of precision finishing of functional surfaces with the use of the electrical and mechanical energy. It is reported that the 90 percent of the material is removed by electrochemical machining (ECM) process and remaining 10 percent by mechanical scrubbing, which shows the electrical energy is the main constituent in the ECH process. Basically, electrical energy is combined with chemical to form an electrolysis dissolution to remove material from the workpiece surface. This work presents a study for the factors affecting the electrochemical honing of SS-316 turned surfaces, especially the processing time and electrolyte composition. The percentage improvement in surface roughness (Ra, Rt) and out-of-roundness (OOR) as a monitored output of ECH were determined. The results are finally furnished with the aim to generalize a useful guideline for the user to enable proper selection of conditions for obtaining good surface quality.
Optimization of Cutting Conditions in Multi-Pass Milling
Authors: Belloufi Abderrahim , Assas Mekki , Hecini Mabrouk , Rezgui Imane
Published: January 2016

In this paper, a new, optimization strategy is used for the determination of the optimum cutting parameters for multipass milling operations. This strategy is based on the “minimum production time” criterion. The optimum number of passes is determined via dynamic programming, and the optimal values of the cutting conditions are found based on the objective function developed for the typified criterion by using a hybrid genetic algorithm with SQP. GA is the main optimizer of this algorithm, whereas SQP is used to fine-tune the results obtained from the GA. Furthermore, the convergence characteristics and robustness of the proposed method have been explored through comparisons with results reported in literature. The obtained results indicate that the proposed strategy is effective compared to other techniques carried out by different researchers.
Model for the Motion of Misaligned Shafts with Elastic Plate Coupling
Authors: Poparad Hariton
Published: January 2016

Using the MathCAD software, this publication aims to develop a novel model to interpret the analytical results for an elastic structure as a substitute to flexible coupling between two misaligned axes. This model is used for the analysis of the motion of two deformed components comprising of the cardan joint, as well as the coupling with elastic plates.
Mono-Objective Optimization of a Photovoltaic Tracking System with LPF Controllers
Authors: Alexandru Cătălin
Published: January 2016

The work deals with the optimal design of a single-axis solar tracker, which is used to adjust the daily position of a photovoltaic system in order to capture as much as possible solar radiation. The two main components of the solar tracker (the mechanical device and the control system) have been coupled (integrated) in the concurrent engineering concept. For assuring high stability and robustness, the control system is a cascaded two-loop employing LPF (Low-Pass Filter) controllers. The controlled parameter in the main (external) loop is the daily angle of the photovoltaic platform, while in the secondary (internal) loop the linear velocity in the driving actuator is monitored. The mono-objective optimization problem is described in the following way: to minimize the difference between the imposed and current daily angle (thus preserving a high energetic efficiency of the tracking system), considering the controllers’ gains as independent design parameters.
Safety Clutch with Adjustable Centrifugal Driving - An Introduction into a New Class of Couplings
Authors: Budală Adrian , Săvescu Dan
Published: January 2016

The paper deals with constructive and functional elements of an adjustable coupling with friction disks and adjustable driving planar mechanisms. The paper shows few conceptual and functional principles, introduce a new function for couplings and a new class of centrifugal couplings. It also presents structural elements of an innovative constructive solution of a centrifugal clutch with friction disks and adjustable centrifugal driving.
Time Depending Friction in Bearing Mountings
Authors: Velicu Radu , Lates Mihai Tiberiu
Published: January 2016

The subjects of this paper are the existing bearing mountings of a testing rig for chain or belt drives. Friction in transmission without bearings is calculated by subtracting the bearing friction from the global friction. This is why it is of maximal importance in the correct evaluation of experimental measurements on the rig to have accurate data on the friction on bearings. After the period of running in, friction on the bearings is measured at certain intervals in time, but also depending on rotational speed, load and lubricating oil temperature.
Dynamics of a Pumping System
Authors: Dumitru Nicolae , Marghitu Dan B. , Craciunoiu Nicolae
Published: January 2016

In this paper a pumping systems for deep extraction is simulated using SolidWorks and ADAMS. The elastic displacement of a point on the flexible moving cable is analyzed. The dynamics of the system is characterized with phase plane, Poincaré maps, and Lyapunov exponents. The Lyapunovexponents represent the dynamic stability of the system. The largest Lyapunov exponents for three different angular velocity show the chaotic motion of the system
The Transport System of Nacre Components through the Surface Membrane of Gastropods
Authors: Macías-Sánchez Elena , Checa Antonio G. , Willinger Marc G.
Published: January 2016

The surface membrane is a lamellar structure exclusive of gastropods that is formed during the shell secretion. It protects the surface of the growing nacre and it is located between the mantle epithelium and the mineralization compartment. At the mantle side of the surface membrane numerous vesicles provide material, and at the nacre side, the interlamellar membranes detach from the whole structure. Components of nacre (glycoproteins, polysaccharides and calcium carbonate) cross the structure to reach the mineralization compartment, but the mechanism by which this occurs is still unknown. In this paper we have investigated the ultrastructure of the surface membrane and the associated vesicle layer by means of Transmission Electron Microscopy. Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy and Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy were used for elemental analysis. The analyses revealed the concentration of calcium in the studied structures: vesicles, surface membrane, and interlamellar membranes. We discuss the possible linkage of calcium to the organic matrix.
Carbonic Anhydrase and Metazoan Biocalcification: A Focus on Molluscs
Authors: Le Roy Nathalie , Jackson Daniel J. , Marie Benjamin , Ramos-Silva Paula , Marin Frédéric
Published: January 2016

Carbonic anhydrase is a super-family of metallo-enzymes (containing α, β, γ, ζ and δ-CA families) that catalyse the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Among their numerous functions, CAs - in particular that of the α-CA family - are known to play a key role in biocalcification processes, i.e., the ability to deposit calcium carbonate crystallites in a controlled manner to form exoskeletons. In the gastropod mollusc Haliotistuberculata – the European abalone – we identified two CA transcripts, htCA1 and htCA2, in the mantle, the calcifying organ responsible for shell formation from an extracellular organic matrix and a mixture of inorganic ions. Because these two transcripts are specifically expressed in the mantle, this suggests that the two corresponding CA isoforms may be directly involved in shell formation. In the present paper, whole mount in situ hybridization experiments performed on larval stages of H. tuberculata reveal the expression of htCA1 in cells associated with the statocysts, the sensory organs for gravity, while htCA2 is not expressed in these cells. We compile the activity and expression data for these two CAs in H.tuberculata and discuss these results in an evolutionary context using a simplified phylogeny from compiled CA sequence data of several metazoans. This shows that the evolution of this protein super-family has a complex history with origins at the dawn of the Phanerozoic.
Characterization of the Teeth Skeletal Matrix from Arbacia lixula
Authors: Kanold Julia Maxi , Immel Françoise , Marie Arul , Plasseraud Laurent , Alcaraz Gérard , Brümmer Franz , Marin Frédéric
Published: January 2016

The teeth of sea urchins are highly complex composite structures, composed predominantly of high magnesium calcite, and of a minor heterogeneous assemblage of organic macromolecules that are occluded within the mineral. The organic matrix fulfils important functions in mineralization, in addition to giving the mineral phase peculiar mechanical properties, different from that of purely inorganic calcite. Nevertheless, the composition and function of individual components of the organic matrix still remains largely unknown. Up to now, the detailed protein repertoire of teeth from a single sea urchin species (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, order Camarodonta) was investigated. In this study, we characterized for the first time the teeth skeletal matrix of another sea urchin, Arbacia lixula (order Arbacioida). The acetic acid soluble and acetic acid insoluble matrices, namely ASM and AIM respectively, were extracted and characterized with different biochemical methods including mono-dimensional SDS-PAGE, FT-IR spectroscopy, HPAE-PAD for monosaccharide analysis, and finally, proteomics. In spite of the paucity of peptide data, several of them displayed a high abundance of hydrophobic residues, i.e., alanine, glycine and valine, and of the apolar proline. We assert that the alanine- and proline-rich domains are important features of some of the matrix proteins associated to the teeth of sea urchins. None of the known skeletal matrix proteins from S. purpuratus teeth were identified in the organic matrix of A. lixula teeth. This might suggest major differences in teeth matrix protein repertoires of these two species belonging to orders that diverged in the Mesozoic times.
Biomineralization in Ciliates
Authors: Lemloh Marie Louise
Published: January 2016

From a biomineralization point of view, the protist world is far less investigated than its metazoan counterpart. However, eukaryotic single-celled organisms offer a very unique access to discover biomineralization mechanisms in vivo. With respect to intracellular mechanisms involved in ion enrichment, mineral transport or vesicle formation ciliates represent a good model system. One important group of protists, the ciliates, is very common and numerous studies have been performed on their ecology, cell biology, morphology or genetics. Ciliates are also known for their formation of diverse mineralized intracellular and extracellular structures. However, only limited numbers of detailed studies on the kind of minerals, their properties or their formation mechanisms have been reported so far. This article reviews older and more recent literature on biomineralization in ciliates.