bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cannabidiol‐Loaded Poly Lactic‐Co‐Glycolic Acid Nanoparticles with Improved Bioavailability as a Potential for Osteoarthritis Therapeutic
Authors: Jin Zhiqiang , Zhan Yanting , Zheng Li , Wei Qingjun , Xu Sheng , Qin Zainen
Published: February 2023

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non‐intoxicating cannabinoid from cannabis sativa that has demonstrated efficacious against inflammation, which can be considered as a potential drug for arthritis treatment. However, the poor solubility and low bioavailability limit its clinical application. Here, we report an effective strategy to fabricate Cannabidiol‐loaded poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) copolymer (CBD‐PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs), with a spherical morphology and an average diameter of 238 nm. CBD was sustained release from CBD‐PLGA‐NPs, which improved the bioavailability of CBD. The CBD‐PLGA‐NPs effectively protect the damage of LPS to cell viability. We observed that CBD‐PLGA‐NPs significantly suppressed LPS‐induced primary rat chondrocyte expression of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 1β (IL‐1β), interleukin 6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP‐13). Remarkably, CBD‐PLGA‐NPs also showed better therapeutic effects of inhibiting the degradation of the extracellular matrix of chondrocytes than equivalent CBD solution. In general, the fabrication CBD‐PLGA‐NPs showed good protection of primary chondrocytes in vitro and is a promising system for osteoarthritis treatment.
Osler‐Weber‐Rendu syndrome: A case report on a rare vascular malformation presented with lower gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Pyakurel Sulav , Bohara Sujan , Bhattarai Sanjeet , Regmi Sachit , Karki Samikshya , Adhikari Mahima , Gurung Bibek , Shrestha Umid
Published: February 2023

Osler‐Weber‐Rendu syndrome is an uncommon vascular disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with varying penetrance and expression. A multidisciplinary approach is used for a detailed diagnostic workup and management based on the patient's symptoms at presentation.
Closing the Shell: Gas‐Phase Solvation of Halides by 1,3‐Butadiene
Authors: Watson Peter D. , Haakansson Christian T. , Robinson Hayden T. , Corkish Timothy R. , Brookes James R. , McKinley Allan J. , Wild Duncan A.
Published: February 2023

Gas‐phase solvation of halides by 1,3‐butadiene has been studied via a combination of photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory. Photoelectron spectra for X−⋯(C4H6)n (X=Cl, Br, I where n=1‐3, 1–3 and 1–7 respectively) are presented. For all complexes, the calculated structures indicate that butadiene is bound in a bidentate fashion through hydrogen‐bonding, with the chloride complex showing the greatest degree of stabilisation of the internal C−C rotation of cis‐butadiene. In both Cl− and Br− complexes, the first solvation shell is shown to be at least
from the vertical detachment energies (VDEs), however for I−, increases in the VDE may suggest a metastable, partially filled, first solvation shell for
and a complete shell at
. These results have implications for gas‐phase clustering in atmospheric and extraterrestrial environments.
A Novel Electrocatalyst Pd(II)@Ni3(HITP)2 for Ultrasensitive Detection of Chloramphenicol: Experimental and Computational Investigation
Authors: He Yuan , Li Nian‐Heng , Wen Fubin , He Zijian , Wu Yunan , Lin Shi‐Hsin , Jin Tao
Published: February 2023

Ultrasensitive electrochemical detection on hazardous substances like antibiotics and pesticides is essential but still challenging in rapid test technology. Herein, the first electrode using highly conductive metal–organic frameworks (HCMOFs) for electrochemical detection of chloramphenicol is proposed. The design of electrocatalyst Pd(II)@Ni3(HITP)2 with ultra‐sensitivity in detection of chloramphenicol is demonstrated by loading Pd onto HCMOFs. An ultra‐low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.2 nM (64.6 pg/mL) was observed for these materials, which is 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than the other reported materials for chromatographic detection. Moreover, the proposed HCMOFs showed long‐time stability over 24 h. The superior detection sensitivity can be attributed to the high conductivity of Ni3(HITP)2, and the large Pd loading. The experimental characterizations and computational investigation determined the Pd loading mechanism in Pd(II)@Ni3(HITP)2, revealing PdCl2 adsorption on the abundant adsorption sites of Ni3(HITP)2. The proposed electrochemical sensor design using HCMOFs was demonstrated to be both effective and efficient, showing that the adoption of HCMOFs decorated with other effective electrocatalysts, which combine high conductivity and high catalytic activity, is of great advantage for ultrasensitive detection.
Ferrier/Aza‐Wacker/Epoxidation/Glycosylation (FAWEG) Sequence to Access 1,2‐Trans 3‐Amino‐3‐deoxyglycosides
Authors: Geulin Anselme , Bourne‐Branchu Yann , Ben Ayed Kawther , Lecourt Thomas , Joosten Antoine
Published: February 2023

3‐Amino‐3‐deoxyglycosides constitute an essential class of nitrogen‐containing sugars. Among them, many important 3‐amino‐3‐deoxyglycosides possess a 1,2‐trans relationship. In view of their numerous biological applications, the synthesis of 3‐amino‐3‐deoxyglycosyl donors giving rise to a 1,2‐trans glycosidic linkage is thus an important challenge. Even though glycals are highly polyvalent donors, the synthesis and reactivity of 3‐amino‐3‐deoxyglycals have been little studied. In this work, we describe a new sequence, involving a Ferrier rearrangement and subsequent aza‐Wacker cyclization that allows the rapid synthesis of orthogonally protected 3‐amino‐3‐deoxyglycals. Finally a 3‐amino‐3‐deoxygalactal derivative was submitted for the first time to an epoxidation/glycosylation with high yield and great diastereoselectivity, highlighting FAWEG (Ferrier/Aza‐Wacker/Epoxidation/Glycosylation) as a new approach to access 1,2‐trans 3‐amino‐3‐deoxyglycosides.
Construction of a Diverse Range of Boron Heterocycles via Ring Expansion of a Carboranyl‐Substituted 9‐Borafluorene
Authors: Bischof Tobias , Beßler Lukas , Krummenacher Ivo , Erhard Leon , Braunschweig Holger , Finze Maik
Published: February 2023

Direct insertion of unsaturated substrates into a five‐membered borole ring is a useful method to obtain valuable heterocycles containing one or more three‐coordinate boron atoms. A highly Lewis acidic 9‐o‐carboranyl‐9‐borafluorene, in which the o‐carboranyl substituent is connected via one of the cluster carbon atoms to the boron atom of the 9‐borafluorene unit, was found to react with a vast array of unsaturated molecules, such as alkynes, aldehydes and various organic azides, to form larger boraheterocyclic products. The ring expansion reactions of the central borole ring proceed rapidly at room temperature, cementing the role of the o‐carboranyl substituent in enhancing the insertion reactivity of 9‐borafluorenes.
Control over Dethreading Kinetics Allows Evaluating the Entropy Stored in an Interlocked Molecular Machine Out‐of‐Equilibrium**
Authors: Di Noja Simone , Garrido Marina , Gualandi Lorenzo , Ragazzon Giulio
Published: February 2023

The operation of nanomachines is fundamentally different from that of their macroscopic counterparts. In particular, the role of solvent is critical yet rarely associated with machine functionality. Here, we study a minimal model of one of the most advanced molecular machines to gain control of its operation by engineering components and the employed solvent. Operation kinetics were changed over more than four orders of magnitude and could be modulated by solvent. Leveraging solvent properties, it was possible to monitor the relaxation of the molecular machine towards equilibrium and measure the heat exchanged in the process. Our work expands the capabilities of acid‐base powered molecular machines, confirming experimentally that such systems have a dominant entropy content.
Thermo‐Induced Bathochromic Emission in Columnar Discotic Liquid Crystals Realized by Intramolecular Planarization
Authors: Mu Bin , Ma Tianshu , Zhang Zhelin , Hao Xiangnan , Wang Liang , Wang Jingxia , Yan Hongxia , Tian Wei
Published: February 2023

Most organic thermochromic fluorescent materials exhibit thermo‐induced hypsochromic emission due to the formation of excimers in ordered molecular solids; however, it is still a challenge to endow them with bathochromic emission despite its significance in making up the field of thermochromism. Here, a thermo‐induced bathochromic emission in columnar discotic liquid crystals is reported realized by intramolecular planarization of the mesogenic fluorophores. A three‐armed discotic molecule of dialkylamino‐tricyanotristyrylbenzene was synthesized, which preferred to twist out of the core plane to accommodate ordered molecular stacking in hexagonal columnar mesophases, giving rise to bright green monomer emission. However, intramolecular planarization of the mesogenic fluorophores occurred in isotropic liquid increasing the conjugation length, and as a result led to thermo‐induced bathochromic emission from green to yellow light. This work reports a new concept in the thermochromic field and provides a novel strategy to achieve fluorescence tuning from intramolecular actions.
N, S‐Doped Carbon Dots as Additive for Suppression of Zinc Dendrites in Alkaline Electrolyte†
Authors: Cai Shan , Chang Ge , Hu Jiugang , Wu Jiae , Luo Yuqing , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo
Published: February 2023

Comprehensive Summary

The severe dendrite growth on zinc anode in alkaline electrolyte brings great challenge to the development of zinc‐based batteries. It is a simple and effective strategy to inhibit zinc dendrite formation by introducing additives into the electrolyte. In this study, N, S‐doped carbon dots (TU‐CQDs) were synthesized and used as additives to regulate zinc deposition in a typical KOH electrolyte. The experimental and three‐dimensional transient nucleation model disclosed that the special functional groups of carbon dots can change the electrode surface state and the coordination behaviors of zinc species in the electrolyte. Therefore, TU‐CQDs can not only inhibit the hydrogen evolution reaction, but also achieve uniform zinc deposition. The in‐situ synchrotron radiation X‐ray imaging elucidated that TU‐CQDs can effectively inhibit the dendrite growth and improve the reversibility of zinc plating/stripping process. This work provides a feasible route for regulating the reversibility of zinc metal anode in alkaline electrolyte.
DNA Reaction Network Mimicking the Basic Steps of Synaptic Communication
Authors: Hu Minghao , Hu Yuqiang , Yuan Wenqian , Zhang Zhen , Wu Tongbo
Published: February 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Biological systems use intricate networks of chemical reactions to exchange information. How to simulate complex systems with simple strand‐displacement reactions is crucial to broaden the application scenario of the DNA reaction network. Here, we report the artificial DNA reaction network to mimic the operation and function of biological information transfer via strand‐displacement reaction. DNA is used as simple artificial analogs to schematize structures and transmit information. Using chemical synapses in neural networks as an example, we show that the proposed network enables core functions of biological systems, such as the long‐term potential of synapses, which underpin learning and memory. Also, we performed the simple “silicon mimetic” to link electronic circuits to chemical network‐based biological structures. As such, synaptic communication simulated by the DNA reaction network provides a complete demonstration for designing artificial reaction networks based on the essence of information interaction.
PCA Rerandomization
Authors: Zhang Hengtao , Yin Guosheng , Rubin Donald B.
Published: February 2023

Mahalanobis distance of covariate means between treatment and control groups is often adopted as a balance criterion when implementing a rerandomization strategy. However, this criterion may not work well for high‐dimensional cases because it balances all orthogonalized covariates equally. We propose using principal component analysis (PCA) to identify proper subspaces in which Mahalanobis distance should be calculated. Not only can PCA effectively reduce the dimensionality for high‐dimensional covariates, but it also provides computational simplicity by focusing on the top orthogonal components. The PCA rerandomization scheme has desirable theoretical properties for balancing covariates and thereby improving the estimation of average treatment effects. This conclusion is supported by numerical studies using both simulated and real examples.
Biotic resistance to fish invasions in southern China: Evidence from biomass, habitat, and fertility limitation
Authors: Gu Dangen , Jia Tao , Wei Hui , Fang Miao , Yu Fandong , Shu Lu , Wang Xuejie , Li Gaojun , Cai Xingwei , Mu Xidong , Xu Meng , Wang Jianwei , Hu Yinchang
Published: February 2023

Understanding the mechanisms underlying the invasion success or failure of alien species can help to predict future invasions and cope with the invaders. The biotic resistance hypothesis posits that diverse communities are more resistant to invasion. While many studies have examined this hypothesis, the majority of them have focused on the relationship between alien and native species richness in plant communities, and results have often been inconsistent. In southern China, many rivers have been invaded by alien fish species, providing an opportunity to test the resistance of native fish communities to alien fish invasions. Using survey data for 60,155 freshwater fish collected from five main rivers of southern China for 3 years, we assessed the relationships between native fish richness and the richness and biomass of alien fishes at river and reach spatial scales, respectively. Based on two manipulative experiments, we further examined the impact of native fish richness on habitat selection and the reproductive ability of an exotic model species Coptodon zillii. We found no apparent relationship between alien and native fish richness, whereas the biomass of alien fish significantly decreased with increasing native fish richness. In experiments, C. zillii preferred to invade those habitats that had low native fish richness, given evenly distributed food resources; reproduction of C. zillii was strongly depressed by a native carnivorous fish Channa maculata. Together, our results indicate that native fish diversity can continue to provide biotic resistance to alien fish species in terms of limiting their growth, habitat selection, and reproduction when these aliens have successfully invaded southern China. We thus advocate for fish biodiversity conservation, especially for key species, to mitigate against the population development and ecological impact of alien fish species.
Hydrodynamics structure plankton communities and interactions in a freshwater tidal estuary
Authors: Smits Adrianne P. , Loken Luke C. , Van Nieuwenhuyse Erwin E. , Young Matthew J. , Stumpner Paul R. , Lenoch Leah E. K. , Burau Jon R. , Dahlgren Randy A. , Brown Tiffany , Sadro Steven
Published: February 2023

Drivers of phytoplankton and zooplankton dynamics vary spatially and temporally in estuaries due to variation in hydrodynamic exchange and residence time, complicating efforts to understand controls on food web productivity. We conducted approximately monthly (2012–2019; n = 74) longitudinal sampling at 10 fixed stations along a freshwater tidal terminal channel in the San Francisco Estuary, California, characterized by seaward to landward gradients in water residence time, turbidity, nutrient concentrations, and plankton community composition. We used multivariate autoregressive state space (MARSS) models to quantify environmental (abiotic) and biotic controls on phytoplankton and mesozooplankton biomass. The importance of specific abiotic drivers (e.g., water temperature, turbidity, nutrients) and trophic interactions differed significantly among hydrodynamic exchange zones with different mean residence times. Abiotic drivers explained more variation in phytoplankton and zooplankton dynamics than a model including only trophic interactions, but individual phytoplankton–zooplankton interactions explained more variation than individual abiotic drivers. Interactions between zooplankton and phytoplankton were strongest in landward reaches with the longest residence times and the highest zooplankton biomass. Interactions between cryptophytes and both copepods and cladocerans were stronger than interactions between bacillariophytes (diatoms) and zooplankton taxa, despite contributing less biovolume in all but the most landward reaches. Our results demonstrate that trophic interactions and their relative strengths vary in a hydrodynamic context, contributing to food web heterogeneity within estuaries at spatial scales smaller than the freshwater to marine transition.
Composition Engineering Opens an Avenue Toward Efficient and Sustainable Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Wang Xiaolin , Yang Liming
Published: February 2023

In this work, we open an avenue toward rational design of potential efficient catalysts for sustainable ammonia synthesis through composition engineering strategy by exploiting the synergistic effects among the active sites as exemplified by diatomic metals anchored graphdiyne via the combination of hierarchical high‐throughput screening, first‐principles calculations, and molecular dynamics simulations. Totally 43 highly efficient catalysts feature ultralow onset potentials (|Uonset| ≤ 0.40 V) with Rh‐Hf and Rh‐Ta showing negligible onset potentials of 0 and −0.04 V, respectively. Extremely high catalytic activities of Rh‐Hf and Rh‐Ta can be ascribed to the synergistic effects. When forming heteronuclears, the combinations of relatively weak (such as Rh) and relatively strong (such as Hf or Ta) components usually lead to the optimal strengths of adsorption Gibbs free energies of reaction intermediates. The origin can be ascribed to the mediate d‐band centers of Rh‐Hf and Rh‐Ta, which lead to the optimal adsorption strengths of intermediates, thereby bringing the high catalytic activities. Our work provides a new and general strategy toward the architecture of highly efficient catalysts not only for electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR) but also for other important reactions. We expect that our work will boost both experimental and theoretical efforts in this direction.
Altered HLA‐A2‐restricted TP53 epitope induces specific CTL cytotoxicity against hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ye Chunmei , Lin Shengzhe , Hong Jingwen , Liu Fang , Guo Guoxiang , Chen Shuping , Zhou Zhifeng , Lin Wansong , Li Jieyu , Ye Yunbin
Published: February 2023

High‐frequency mutation of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene is observed in multiple human cancers, which promotes cancer progression. However, the mutated gene‐encoded protein may serve as a tumor antigen to elicit tumor‐specific immune responses. In this study, we detected widespread expression of shared TP53‐Y220C neoantigen in hepatocellular carcinoma with low affinity and low stability of binding to HLA‐A0201 molecules. We substituted the amino acid sequences VVPCEPPEV with VLPCEPPEV in the TP53‐Y220C neoantigen to yield a TP53‐Y220C (L2) neoantigen. This altered neoantigen was found to increase affinity and stability and induce more cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), indicating improvements in immunogenicity. In vitro assays showed the cytotoxicity of CTLs stimulated by both TP53‐Y220C and TP53‐Y220C (L2) neoantigens against multiple HLA‐A0201‐positive cancer cells expressing TP53‐Y220C neoantigens; however, the TP53‐Y220C (L2) neoantigen showed higher cytotoxicity than the TP53‐Y220C neoantigen against cancer cells. More importantly, in vivo assays demonstrated greater inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation by TP53‐Y220C (L2) neoantigen‐specific CTLs relative to TP53‐Y220C neoantigen in zebrafish and nonobese diabetic/severe combined immune deficiency mouse models. The results of this study demonstrate enhanced immunogenicity of the shared TP53‐Y220C (L2) neoantigen, which has the potential as dendritic cells or peptide vaccines for multiple cancers.
Mechanism and Origin of CuH‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Enantioselective Hydrocarboxylation of Allenes
Authors: Ou Yu‐Ru , Ye Qi , Deng Wei , Xu Zheng‐Yang
Published: February 2023

The CuH‐catalyzed hydrocarboxylation of allenes is an enantio‐ and regioselective approach for the synthesis of (S)‐carboxyl‐containing compounds. With density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we elucidate the reaction mechanism and the origins of the enantioselectivity and regioselectivity. The hydrocarboxylation proceeds through the migratory insertion of allenes on CuH complex, the enantioselective addition of fluoroformate, and the β‐fluoride elimination gives the branched carboxylation products. The electron‐donating alkyl and phenyl groups in the allene polarize the C=C bond and thus lead to the anti‐Markovnikov‐selective migratory insertion. In addition, the enantioselective addition of fluoroformate by either (R)‐ or (S)‐addition determines the enantioselectivity. The (S)‐addition is more favorable due to the bulky −tBu group of (R)‐DTBM‐SEGPHOS ligand, which prefers keeping the C=C bond of allene away from the reaction center in six‐membered transition state and thus results in (S)‐carboxyl‐containing products.
A hybrid non‐parametric ground motion model for shallow crustal earthquakes in Europe
Authors: Sreenath Vemula , Podili Bhargavi , Raghukanth S. T. G.
Published: February 2023

In the current study, ground motion models (GMMs) are derived using the European Strong Motion (ESM) database for pseudo‐spectral acceleration (PSA), peak ground acceleration (PGA), peak ground velocity (PGV), peak ground displacement (PGD), cumulative absolute velocity (CAV), arias intensity (Ia), and significant duration. In addition to addressing random effects associated with ground motion regression, such as inter‐event, inter‐site, inter‐locality, and inter‐region variabilities, the current study also aims at reducing the standard deviations (STDs) of the GMMs through development of a hybrid non‐parametric GMM. The hybrid model is derived through an ensemble‐weighted method of five non‐parametric machine learning models: shallow neural network, deep neural network (DNN), gated recurrent unit (GRU), support vector, and random forest (RF) regression techniques; with weights based on model performances. The resulting hybrid model, which also accounts for epistemic uncertainty, is compared against other regional models and is found superior for all output variables. The inter‐event, inter‐site, inter‐locality, and inter‐region deviations, and total ergodic sigma of PSA for the ensemble model lies between 0.3164–0.4478, 0.4156–0.5339, 0.1449–0.3687, 0.0819–0.2421, and 0.668–0.8545, respectively. The coefficient of determination (R2) between predicted and recorded values lies between 0.8435–0.9114 for all the output variables.
Synthesizing Professional Opinion and Published Science to Build a Conceptual Model of Walleye Recruitment
Authors: Krabbenhoft Corey A. , Ludsin Stuart A. , Marschall Elizabeth A. , Budnik Richard R. , Almeida L. Zoe , Cahill Christopher L. , Embke Holly S. , Feiner Zachary S. , Schmalz Patrick J. , Thorstensen Matt J. , Weber Michael J. , Wuellner Melissa R. , Hansen Gretchen J.A.
Published: February 2023

Understanding and predicting recruitment, longstanding goals in fisheries science and ecology, are complicated by variation in the importance of environmental drivers coupled with the dynamic nature of individual ecosystems. Developing an understanding of recruitment from well-monitored stocks offers an opportunity to overcome these complexities. We used a systematic literature review, a survey, and a workshop attended by professionals with expertise in recruitment of Walleye Sander vitreus to identify common environmental drivers of Walleye recruitment and additional sources of variation (i.e., context dependencies) among populations. The importance of individual environmental drivers, as well as the direction of their influence, differed as a function of geographic region, lake surface area, and Walleye life stage. The literature suggested abiotic conditions (e.g., temperature) during the first year of life were influential in determining recruitment. Professional opinion noted the importance of biotic factors, with prey availability and predation risk having the most consistent relationships with recruitment. We synthesized this information to propose a conceptual model that illustrates the suite of characteristics that shape Walleye recruitment over large spatial and temporal scales. Our findings emphasize the importance of first-year growth and system-specific contextual factors, which can alter the relative importance of the environmental drivers of recruitment.
Myelodysplastic syndromes with ring sideroblasts
Authors: Bruzzese Antonella , Vigna Ernesto , Martino Enrica Antonia , Mendicino Francesco , Lucia Eugenio , Olivito Virginia , Bova Carlo , Barbato Angelo , Filippelli Gianfranco , Capodanno Isabella , Neri Antonino , Morabito Fortunato , Gentile Massimo
Published: February 2023

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are acquired bone marrow malignant disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, resulting from a complex interaction between genetic and epigenetic mutations, alterations of the marrow microenvironment, and the immune system. In 2001, the World Health Organization (WHO) proposed a classification that integrates morphologic and genetic information, considering the MDS with ring sideroblasts (MDS‐RS) as a distinct entity. Considering the strong association between MDS‐RS and SF3B1 mutation and its importance in the development of MDS, the last WHO classification replaced the prior entity of MDS‐RS with MDS with SF3B1 mutation. Several studies were performed to explore this genotype‐phenotype correlation. Mutant SF3B1 protein deregulates the expression of genes implicated in developing hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Of paramount importance are PPOX and ABCB7 involved in iron metabolism. Another essential role in hemopoiesis is played by the transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) receptor. This gene exerts its effects on SMAD pathways, regulating hematopoiesis through effects on balancing proliferation and apoptosis cell inactivity, differentiation, and migration. Luspatercept (ACE‐536) is a soluble fusion protein that inhibits molecules in the TGF‐β superfamily. Since its structure resembles the TGF‐β family receptor, it catches TGF‐β superfamily ligands before binding to the receptor, resulting in reduced activation of SMAD signaling, thus enabling erythroid maturation. Luspatercept was investigated in the phase III trial MEDALIST, showing promising efficacy in treating anemia compared to placebo. Nowadays, further studies are needed to explore the real potential of luspatercept, investigating the biological features likely associated with treatment response, the potential use in combination treatments, and its role in the treatment of naïve MDS.
When firms adopt sustainable human resource management: A fuzzy‐set analysis
Authors: Jia Junyun , Yuan Shuo , Wei Li‐Qun , Tang Guiyao
Published: February 2023

Sustainable human resource management (HRM) is critical to sustainable corporate development. However, there is little systematic research examining the determinants of sustainable HRM adoption. We fill this void by identifying and introducing a configurational approach to examine when firms adopt sustainable HRM. Based on institutional theory, we develop a typology of institutional contexts associated with sustainable HRM adoption. We posit that institutional conditions in configuration facilitate firms' adoption of sustainable HRM. Thus, we hypothesize a primary institutional configuration where institutional support, institutional quality, and institutional infrastructure combine to promote the adoption of sustainable HRM. We further propose alternative types of configurations conducive to the adoption of sustainable HRM by introducing two organizational conditions: strategic leadership support and resource slack. A fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis on data from 57 cases in China supports our hypotheses. We find that the combination of institutional conditions promotes the adoption of highly sustainable HRM, and the two alternative types provide functional substitutes for the primary type: (a) strategic leadership support substitutes for the combination of institutional support and institutional infrastructure, and (b) resource slack substitutes for institutional infrastructure. We build an institutional configurational model to advance a holistic understanding of the theoretical drivers of sustainable HRM, contributing to the research on sustainable HRM, institutional theory, leadership, and resource slack.
Motives for digital social multitasking (DSMT) and problematic phone use among adolescents
Authors: Yang Chia‐chen , Ariati Jati , Pham Thomas , Smith Christina
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Phone use during face‐to‐face interactions (i.e., digital social multitasking [DSMT]) is a growing activity among adolescents. DSMT appears to be a risk factor for problematic phone use, but little is known about why adolescents engage in DSMT and how different motives of DSMT would be associated with problematic phone use. Drawing on the framework of DSMT and the uses and gratifications theory, this study explored (1) the motives of adolescent DSMT and (2) the direct and indirect relationships between DSMT motives and problematic phone use via the level and perception of DSMT.

Method

The study involved survey data from 517 adolescents in the United States recruited through the Qualtrics panels (Mage = 14.83, SD = 1.93) in the fall of 2020. The sample's gender and racial/ethnic distributions were nationally representative.

Results

We developed a scale measuring adolescent DSMT motives, which showed that adolescents engaged in DSMT because of enjoyment and connection, boredom, information, and habitual use. The motive of habitual use was associated with problematic phone use both directly and indirectly via level of DSMT and perceived distraction caused by DSMT. The information motive was directly associated with problematic phone use, while the boredom motive was indirectly associated with problematic phone use via perceived distraction. Conversely, the motive of enjoyment and connection was related to lower problematic phone use both directly and indirectly via lower perceived distraction.

Conclusion

The study identifies DSMT‐related risk and protective factors for problematic phone use. The findings should help adults recognize adaptive versus maladaptive forms of DSMT among adolescents and develop proper guidance and intervention.
Development and characterization of Factor Xa‐responsive materials for applications in cell culture and biologics delivery
Authors: Doron Gilad , Pearson Joseph J. , Guldberg Robert E. , Temenoff Johnna S.
Published: February 2023

Stimuli–responsive biomaterials may be used to better control the release of bioactive molecules or cells for applications involving drug delivery and controlled cell release. In this study, we developed a Factor Xa (FXa)‐responsive biomaterial capable of controlled release of pharmaceutical agents and cells from in vitro culture. FXa‐cleavable substrates were formed as hydrogels that degraded in response to FXa enzyme over several hours. Hydrogels were shown to release both heparin and a model protein in response to FXa. Additionally, RGD‐functionalized FXa‐degradable hydrogels were used to culture mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), enabling FXa‐mediated cell dissociation from hydrogels in a manner that preserved multicellular structures. Harvesting MSCs using FXa‐mediated dissociation did not influence their differentiation capacity or indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) activity (a measure of immunomodulatory capacity). In all, this FXa‐degradable hydrogel is a novel responsive biomaterial system that may be used for on‐demand drug delivery, as well as for improving processes for in vitro culture of therapeutic cells.
Fracture Risk in Men and Women With Vertebral Fractures Identified Opportunistically on Routine Computed Tomography Scans and Not Treated for Osteoporosis: An Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Skjødt Michael Kriegbaum , Nicolaes Joeri , Smith Christopher Dyer , Olsen Kim Rose , Cooper Cyrus , Libanati Cesar , Abrahamsen Bo
Published: February 2023

Vertebral fractures (VFs) have been associated with future fractures, yet few studies have evaluated whether this pertains to VFs available for identification on routine radiological imaging. We sought to evaluate the risk of subsequent fractures in subjects with VF identified opportunistically on computed tomography (CT) scans performed as part of routine clinical practice. From the radiology database of Holbæk Hospital we identified the first CT scan including the thorax and/or abdomen of 2000 consecutive men and women aged 50 years or older, performed from January 1, 2010 onward. The scans were assessed in a blinded approach to identify chest and lumbar VF, and these data linked to national Danish registers. Subjects were excluded if treated with an osteoporosis medication (OM) in the year prior to baseline (date of CT), and the remaining subjects with VF matched on age and sex in 1:2 ratio against subjects with no VF. We found that the risk of major osteoporotic fractures (hip, non‐cervical vertebral, humerus, and distal forearm fractures) was higher for subjects with VF than without VF: incidence rates (IRs) were 32.88 and 19.59 fractures per 1000 subject‐years, respectively, and the adjusted hazard ratio (HRadj) was 1.72 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–2.86). Subsequent hip fracture IRs were 16.75 and 6.60; HRadj 3.02 (95% CI, 1.39–6.55). There were no significant differences in other fracture outcomes (including a pooled estimate of any subsequent fracture, except face, skull, and fingers: IRs 41.52 and 31.38; HRadj 1.31 [95% CI, 0.85–2.03]). Our findings suggest that subjects undergoing routine CT scans including the chest and/or abdomen are a high risk population in terms of fracture risk. Even within this group, subjects with VF are at higher risk of future major osteoporotic fracture (MOF), in particular hip fracture. Hence, systematic opportunistic screening for VF and subsequent fracture risk management is important to reduce the risk of new fractures. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Characteristics of participants in a public rubella antibody testing program conducted at a Japan professional football league venue
Authors: Nishizawa Toshinori , Hayashi Kuniyoshi , Amano Noriyuki , Deshpande Gautam A. , Arioka Hiroko
Published: February 2023

Background

Hypothesizing that soccer‐associated public health campaigns influence men more than women, we investigated the characteristics and motivations of participants who received rubella antibody testing at a Japanese professional football league event.

Methods

This was a survey‐based cross sectional study, comparing the characteristics and motivations between men and women regarding rubella antibody testing.

Results

Free and convenient testing was the biggest behavioral influencer, but the information provided by healthcare professionals and athletes also played a strong motivating role. Men reported more influence from celebrity athletes than women.

Conclusions

Public health attention raised by celebrity athletes may facilitate rubella awareness among male spectators.
Modeling disruption of Apis mellifera (honey bee) odorant‐binding protein function with high‐affinity binders
Authors: Mayack Berin Karaman
Published: February 2023

Chemical toxins pose a great threat to honey bee health because they affect memory and cognition, diminish immunity, and increase susceptibility to infection, resulting in decreased colony performance, reproduction, and survival. Although the behavioral effects of sub‐lethal chemical exposure on honey bees have been intensively studied, how xenobiotics affect olfaction, at the molecular level, still needs to be elucidated. In the present work, in silico tools, such as molecular docking, binding free energy calculations, and molecular dynamics simulations are used to predict if environmental chemicals have stronger binding affinities to honey bee antennal odorant‐binding protein 14 (OBP14) than the representative floral odors citralva, eugenol, and the fluorescent probe 1‐N‐phenylnaphthylamine. Based on structural analysis, 21 chemicals from crop pesticides, household appliances, cosmetics, food, public health‐related products, and other sources, many of which are pervasive in the hive environment, have higher binding affinities than the floral odors. These results suggest that chemical exposures are likely to interfere with the honey bee's sense of smell and this disruptive mechanism may be responsible for the lower associative learning and memory based on olfaction found in bees exposed to pesticides. Moreover, bees mainly rely on olfactory cues to perceive their environment and orient themselves as well as to discriminate and identify their food, predators, nestmates, and diseased individuals that need to be removed with hygienic behavior. In summary, sub‐lethal exposure to environmental toxins can contribute to colony collapse in several ways from the disruption of proper olfaction functioning.
An integrated strategy to identify COVID‐19 causal genes and characteristics represented by LRRC37A2
Authors: Zhu Zijun , Chen Xinyu , Wang Chao , Zhang Sainan , Yu Rui , Xie Yubin , Yuan Shuofeng , Cheng Liang , Shi Lei , Zhang Xue
Published: February 2023

Genome‐wide association study (GWAS) could identify host genetic factors associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). The genes or functional DNA elements through which genetic factors affect COVID‐19 remain uncharted. The expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) provides a path to assess the correlation between genetic variations and gene expression. Here, we firstly annotated GWAS data to describe genetic effects, obtaining genome‐wide mapped genes. Subsequently, the genetic mechanisms and characteristics of COVID‐19 were investigated by an integrated strategy that included three GWAS‐eQTL analysis approaches. It was found that 20 genes were significantly associated with immunity and neurological disorders, including prior and novel genes such as OAS3 and LRRC37A2. The findings were then replicated in single‐cell datasets to explore the cell‐specific expression of causal genes. Furthermore, associations between COVID‐19 and neurological disorders were assessed as a causal relationship. Finally, the effects of causal protein‐coding genes of COVID‐19 were discussed using cell experiments. The results revealed some novel COVID‐19‐related genes to emphasize disease characteristics, offering a broader insight into the genetic architecture underlying the pathophysiology of COVID‐19.
An overview of recent progress in multiple dual‐mode counter‐current chromatography
Authors: Zhang Fu‐Xin , Muhire Jules , Sun Xiao , Pei Dong , Di Duo‐Long , Huang Xin‐Yi
Published: February 2023

Counter‐current chromatography is a chromatographic separation and purification technique being developed. The development of different elution modes has significantly contributed to this field. Multiple dual‐mode elution is a method developed based on dual‐mode elution, which consists of a series of changing cycles of the phase role and the direction by switching between normal and reverse elution modes of counter‐current chromatography. This dual‐mode elution method takes full advantage of the liquid nature of stationary and mobile phases of counter‐current chromatography and effectively improves the separation efficiency. So, this unique elution mode has gained extensive attention for separating complex samples. This review mainly describes and summarizes in detail its development, applications, and characteristics in recent years. Meanwhile, its advantages, limitations, and future outlook also have been discussed in this paper.
Characteristics of scholarly journals published in non‐English‐speaking countries: An analysis of Library and Information Science SCOPUS journals
Authors: Yoon JungWon , Kim Nayon , Chung EunKyung
Published: February 2023

Although regional journals publish high‐quality research in diverse languages, research published in non‐English‐speaking countries (NESC) tends to have lower international visibility. By outlining the characteristics of SCOPUS journals published in NESC, this study aimed to inform regional scholarly communities interested in internationalizing their journals. A list of 294 SCOPUS journals in the Library and Information Science (LIS) field was extracted from the SCOPUS database; 39.12% of SCOPUS LIS journals (115 journals) were published in NESC. After excluding journals published in English‐speaking countries as well as journals published by international commercial publishers, this study analysed the characteristics of 62 journals. Forty‐eight (77.42%) of the 62 analysed journals were open access (OA) journals, and 37 (77.08%) of which were diamond OA journals. Although journals from NESC had relatively lower impact, journals that primarily used English (journal homepage, specified manuscript language) had higher impact than non‐English journals. This article discusses the importance of supporting OA (including diamond) journals to ensure international access of NESC journals, the limitations of this study, including relying on the SCOPUS LIS journals and quantitative analysis, and an agenda for future research regarding the internationalization of regional journals.
MISQ's DEI initiatives: A continuing journey
Authors: Burton‐Jones Andrew , Sarker Saonee
Published: February 2023

Key points

MIS Quarterly's (MISQ's) mission is to help develop, publish, and promote the finest scholarship within the IS academic community, and to do so without discrimination and bias.

To address the above, MISQ's Editor‐in‐Chief and DEI Director published a diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) position statement with an accompanying MISQ Editorial in 2021.

MISQ decided to direct its DEI efforts equally towards ‘scholars’ (e.g., authors, reviewers) and the ‘scholarship’ (e.g., topics we study and approaches we take).

Formation of a DEI workgroup was an early effort aimed at ensuring that the DEI‐related practices are developed and implemented through a collective voice.

A year‐long mentoring programme including paper and career development sessions was designed to help scholars who had been inequitably affected by the pandemic.

Initiatives such as flexible accommodation for board members and mentorship track for authors from disadvantaged groups/regions are being designed.
Tensions and challenges in the decolonisation of academic publishing: A cross‐tabulation analysis of articles in Island Studies Journal
Authors: Grydehøj Adam , Su Ping , Huang Shoujuan , Nadarajah Yaso
Published: February 2023

Calls to decolonise academia are increasing, yet progress has been halting, including in academic publishing. This paper considers publishing practices and outcomes in Island Studies Journal (a diamond open access, multidisciplinary, high‐ranked journal), which has taken an explicitly decolonial editorial direction in recent years. We undertake a cross‐tabulation analysis of the 175 articles published in Island Studies Journal between January 2017 and October 2022, attending to characteristics of authors, articles, regions, branches of science, and impact. We find that coloniality and the West/non‐West divide remain prevalent in the journal, with differences in the kinds of research scholars from different regions can get published and the kinds of impact their articles make. Western scholarly norms are reproduced and enforced even in a journal that seeks to support antiracism and decolonization. We discuss the editorial tensions involved in seeking to simultaneously increase opportunities for individual intersectionally marginalized scholars while challenging colonial power structures.
Performance evaluation of brake pads developed using two different manufacturing methods
Authors: Saindane U. V. , Soni S. , Menghani J. V.
Published: February 2023

The aim is to study the effect of several distinct manufacturing processes, parameters and ingredients on the physical, mechanical and frictional characteristics of brake pad developed using hand lay method (sample 1), brake pad developed using hot compression method (sample 2) and commercial brake pad (sample 3). The non asbestos brake pad samples were compared with the selected commercial brake pad sample using pin on disc test set up. Results showed that friction performances of all three samples were insensitive to water and oil absorption test. Sample 2 had better mechanical properties and greater wear resistance than other two samples which are attributed to use of hot press method of manufacturing the composite and selecting the carbon‐based ingredients. Sample 1 maintained high coefficient of friction even though manufactured with the help of hand lay method. Both fabricated brake pads are stable upto the temperature 220 °C without any weight loss and degradation. Brake pad surfaces showed different shape wear debris and plateaus significantly affecting the friction characteristics. Finally, the test results indicated that both fabricated brake pad samples have potential braking characteristics to be used as a brake pad material.
Interaction effect of second particles on the stress concentration in ZK60 magnesium alloy
Authors: Tian L. , Liu L. , Hou N. , Guo W. , Zhao Y. , Zaïri F. , Ding N.
Published: February 2023

Second particles play a crucial role in influencing the performance of magnesium alloys. A previous work showed that during the fracture initiation process a competitive relationship exists between micron MgZn2particles and submicron Mg4Zn7particles of ZK60 magnesium alloy. Especially, some of the MgZn2particles were found to be gathered in pairs, which resulted in the interaction effect. In this work, three‐dimensional MgZn2particles were characterized in terms of size, morphology, and distribution using computed tomography technology. Based on the visualization and quantification results of MgZn2particles, the typical structural models were established. The relationship between stress concentration and shape ratio induced by a single particle was investigated using finite element computations. Furthermore, empirical equations were proposed to quantify the interaction effect induced by two adjacent particles. The validity of the equations was verified by models based on real particle. Comparing the stress concentration between micron MgZn2particles and submicron Mg4Zn7particles, the fracture initiation was confirmed to be caused by Mg4Zn7particles considering the interaction effect of micron particles. The obtained quantitative information would be useful for understanding the crack initiation of engineering materials.