bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance Analysis and Improvement Approach of HEV Extended Expansion Gasoline Engine
Authors: Wan Yu , Du Ai Min , Shao Da , Li Guo Qiang
Published: August 2011

According to the boost mathematical model verified by experiments, the valve train of traditional gasoline engine is optimized and improved to achieve extended expansion cycle. The simulation results of extended expansion gasoline engine shows that the extended expansion gasoline engine has a better economic performance, compared to traditional gasoline engines. The average brake special fuel consumption (BSFC) can reduce 22.78 g / kW•h by LIVC, but the negative impacts of extended expansion gasoline engine restrict the potential of extended expansion gasoline engine. This paper analyzes the extended expansion gasoline engine performance under the influence of LIVC, discusses the way to further improve extended expansion gasoline engine performance.
Data Fusion of Radar Image and ECDIS Based on Matching of Harris Feature Points
Authors: Zhang Chuang , Fan Zhong Zhou
Published: August 2011

This paper analyzes automatic image registration algorithm, and image features of radar and electronic chart, then, image registration algorithm based on Harris feature point are given, in which the methods are specially described. Wavelet transformation method on image feature should be considered. Moreover, simulate results of image fusion.
Research on the Simulation of Airflow Field in Cyclone Separator Based on ANSYS
Authors: Zhang Zhen Wei , Song Yong , Cao Wei Wei
Published: August 2011

In this paper, we use ANSYS to simulate the cyclone separator, analysis the velocity of the internal airflow field, pressure distribution and temperature distribution. The result shows that the mainstream of a cyclone separator is double rotating flow, and in the outer downstream areas, with the increase of the radius, the airflow rate decreases accordingly; In the inside upstream region, flow velocity at the center is larger, while flow around is smaller relatively; Besides, the total pressure in the inport section of the cyclone is highest, and the pressure inside of the exhaust pipe is lowest. The mainstream of the airflow field is double-rotating in the cyclone flow; The distribution of airflow temperature is related to the flow field distribution.
Computation and Simulation Analysis of Twin-Screw Pump Efficiency under Frequency Conversion
Authors: Zhu Jin Quan , Li Yue Qin
Published: August 2011

The electrical machinery power factor and the rotational speed are unable the real-time measurement which is restricted by the condition on site, so the motor output power also can't calculate accurately, which leads to difficulty to calculate the pump efficiency. This paper considers pump's differential pressure, pump flow, the liquid viscosity and other parameters, which influence on the calculation results. Then we present a new calculation method of efficiency for twin-screw pump. We program the simulation computer to calculate and analysis the pump efficiency with the calculation method. The results show that this method is simple and the error is less than 3%. This calculation method can meet the needs of engineering calculation.
Enterprise Management Innovation of Manufacturing Industry in the E-Business Environment
Authors: Zhao Jing Feng , Wang Yan Rong
Published: August 2011

With the development of E-business, supply chain management of manufacturing enterprises becomes more efficient,making business transactions more simplified, and meanwhile, organizational structure is transformed into open flat network structure from a pyramid hierarchical structure. Therefore, it is essential that manufacturing enterprises view as a whole function processes various businesses inside the enterprises and between the nodes at the supply chain, comprehensively improve the level of human capital through the form of virtual enterprises and establish management teams with the innovation consciousness.
Design of Control System for Concrete Mixing Station Based on PLC and Touch Screen
Authors: Zhang Huan
Published: August 2011

On the basis of analyzing technology processes and control demands of concrete mixing station, a design of control system for this construction machinery based on SIEMENS S7-300 PLC and eView touch screen was introduced in this paper, including hardware selection, PLC LAD diagram programming and HMI design, etc. All expected demands for weighing, batching, deposit, mixing, unloading, conveying of the whole technology processes of concrete mixing are reached, and a totally automatic production can be realized also. The practical operation verifies that the control system is highly reliable and stable, and it greatly enhances the control accuracy and meets the equipments requirements of energy-saving.
Design of Geomagic Plug-in Based RE and RP System of 3D Crafts
Authors: Liu Xiang Yan , Wu Shi Lin
Published: August 2011

This paper put forward a design of Geomagic Plug-in based RE and RP System of 3D crafts and narrates the design method of the system software after giving some introduction to the design method of Geomagic plug-in. The system is an integration of RE and RP, with which we can easily make gifts with individuation and customization. Many experiments were carried out and the results showed that the design was reasonable and feasible and the research on the system was significant.
Effects of Cr on Microstructure and Hardness of HVOF-Sprayed WC-Co Coating
Authors: Wang Li Jun , Chen Hui , Liu Yan , Gou Guo Qing , Li Da
Published: August 2011

In the areas of remanufacturing and working conditions with requirements of wear and corrosion resistance, the WC-Co thermal spray coating has a wide applications. WC-10Co-4Cr is an excellent, has great application potential as a coating composition. In this research, the two kinds of coatings, WC-12Co and WC-10Co-4Cr, were sprayed by high velocity oxygen-flame(HVOF). The phase composition is studied by X-ray diffraction(XRD). The porosity is investigated by lase confocal scanning microscope(LCSM), and the micro-hardness is measured. The results show that, The porosity of two coatings don't differ, this maybe has relation with the parameters in the spraying process.The micro-hardness of WC-10Co-4Cr coating is higher than that of WC-12Co coating. Compared with the phase composition of WC-12Co coating, there are new phase composition Cr7C3, Cr23C6 and Cr2WO6 in the WC-10Co-4Cr coating. And the content of W2C and η phase are reduced in WC-10Co-4Cr coating. Cr had no effect on the lattice transformation of cobalt.
Effects of Tool Rake Angle on the Curved Radius during Planing-Forming Process of Fine Heat Sink
Authors: Wei Liang , Yu Zhao Qin , Zhang Le Le , Zhang Yong Jun
Published: August 2011

Planing-forming is a new process to machine fin heat sinks. This paper investigates the effects of the tool rake angle on the curved radius during planing-forming process by 2-D coupled thermo-mechanical finite element method and experiment verification. With the increasing of the tool rake angle from 0° to 30°, the curved radius increased. When the tool rake increased form 30°to 60°, the curved radius turned stable. After the chip displaced from the tool rake, the fin’s curling up due to the distribution gradient of the residual strain.
Modal Analysis on the Inclined Double-Column and Pre-Stress Combined Frame Structure of the 80MN Rapid Forging Hydraulic Press
Authors: Zhang Yi Gong , Yan Hong Hong , Liu Zhi Qi , Song Jian Li , Li Yong Tang
Published: August 2011

In this paper, the first 80MN rapid forging hydraulic press in China was developed. The inclined double-column and pre-stress combined frame structure and the direct Pump-driven technologies were adopted for the first time in the design of this press. The linkage driving with the full-hydraulic orbital manipulator has been realized. A rapid forging frequency of 75~80 /min and a finishing precision of ±1mm for hot-state forgings can be obtained. The three dimensional full-contact solid model of the double-column combined frame structure of the 80 MN rapid forging hydraulic press has been set up. The modal analysis of the pre-tightened frame has been carried out with the FEM analysis software ANSYS. The first five-order inherent frequencies and the corresponding natural modes have been obtained, the mode shapes of various orders have also been analyzed in detail. It is shown from the research results that the inherent frequency of the frame is larger than the impact frequency. Therefore, resonant vibration of the structure will not occur. The analysis results will have an important significance for the understanding of the dynamic performance of the rapid forging hydraulic press, optimization of the structure design of the press and the decrease of vibration and noise pollution.
Direct Slip Linear Control of Bearingless Induction Motor Based on Space Vector Modulation
Authors: Liu Xian Xing , Shao Xiao Yan , Chen Ming Yi
Published: August 2011

Due to the complex nonlinear coupling characteristics of non-bearing induction motor control system, the basic requirements to maintain the stable operation of the bearingless induction motor is to achieve the decoupling control between electromagnetic torque and radial force, and it is also difficult to design efficient and reliable control system in this field. In this paper, the entire control system is divided into the rotating control system and suspension control system, a control method direct slip linear control based on space vector modulation (DSLC-SVM) is put forward. As to rotating part, because of the direct control of the slip, the flux magnitude deviation and the current total harmonic distortion (THD) can be reduced. As to suspension part, the voltage PWM controlled inverter is adopted to improve the utilization of DC bus voltage and reduce the impact of high harmonics. At last, by comparing the simulation results with traditional control methods, the feasibility and correctness of this method are demonstrated.
Finite Element Analysis and Dynamics Charateristic Study for High-Speed Magnetic Suspension Motorized Spindle of CNC Machine Tools
Authors: Sun Yu Xin , Ding Ling , Shi Tao , Liu Xian Xing
Published: August 2011

According to magnetic suspension motorized spindle system, high speed motorized spindle system based on bearingless induction motor is presented in this paper. The prototype of high speed motorized spindle system with bearingless induction motor is studied and analyzed by using finite element analysis software Ansoft/Maxwell and Riccati transfer matrix method, and compared with high speed motorized spindle system supported by Active Magnetic Bearing (AMB). The results show that high speed motorized spindle system with bearingless induction motor has distinct advantage of simple and compact structure, which is easier to realize high speed and extra-high speed operation.
Tangential Follow System of High-Speed Leather Cutting Machine Modeling and Control Optimization
Authors: Zhao Yan Wei , Sheng Meng , Li Ting , Wu Xin Min , Jiang Shuo
Published: August 2011

As to the low dynamic response of tangential follow system, especially the poor dynamic follow ability when executing small arc rapid interpolation. Based on the principle of mechanical dynamics, the mathematical model of leather cutting machine tangential follow mechanical transmission system is built, considering a type of high-speed numerical control leather cutting machine as the research object. Joined mechanical model and servo motor model together, its electromechanical combined system diagram is created by Simulink. On the basis of this diagram, the dynamic characteristic is analyzed. The composite evaluation standard including multiple performance indexes is used for the fitness function, the three-ring PID control parameters of tangential follow system is optimized with genetic algorithm (GA). The results show that GA optimization is more superior and efficient, comparing with traditional PID setting method.
Research on Simulation and Modeling of Split Double-Rotor Motor Based on Indirect Vector Control
Authors: Wei Bin , Hu Ji Bin , Peng Zeng Xiong
Published: August 2011

A novel vector control system of the split double-rotor motor based on indirect vector control principle has been proposed. The mathematic models of the primary machine and the secondary machine are set up respectively. Through the coupling of the two models, the system model of the split double-rotor motor is build. Matlab software is used for the simulation and analysis of this indirect vector control system. According to the simulation results, the validity of system model is proved with nicer static and dynamic capability, and without steady-state error in stable state. These are important to analyze and design the double-rotor motor. Furthermore, the results provide the basis for simulation and apply of double-rotor motor in HEV.
Research on the Trajectory Planning of the 4-DOF Manipulator
Authors: Cui Yu Jie
Published: August 2011

Based on kinematics analysis, trajectory planning of a 4-DOF manipulator is researched on in this paper. Quintic polynomials is adopted to plan trajectory. The trajectory simulation of the manipulator is realized through using SimMechanics toolbox in MATLAB . The simulation experiments show the correctness and feasibility of the kinematics equations and algorithm of the manipulator trajectory planning.
Mechanical Analysis and Experiment of Wheel-Soil Interaction of Lunar Rover
Authors: Du Jian Jun , Liu Gang , Zhu Jian Jun , Liu Dun
Published: August 2011

The mechanics behavior between soil and wheel has important influence on the traction performance of the lunar rover. For analyzing the interaction between soil and wheel, the mechanical model is established and the experiment devices adopting gas bearing and tracking mechanism are set up in this paper. The relation of wheel structure, soil parameters, load, slip rate, traction force of the wheel is analyzed. Some experiments are done to test the mechanical property and the effect of slip angle, slip rate and soil parameters on the traction performance of the rover. The results prove the validity of the theoretical model.
The Research and Application on Computational Methods in Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Su Ke Qin , Wang Ya Wei , Wang Jian Ping
Published: August 2011

The NND scheme based on Van Leer flux vector splitting is presented. The flow field of shock wave tube is calculated by the difference method presented in this paper, which shows that the presented finite difference method has fine calculation precision and efficiency, and could capture shock automatically.
A Novel Illumination Compensation Method Using Wavelet Packet Transformation
Authors: Zhao Zhen Hua , Hao Xiao Hong
Published: August 2011

A novel illumination compensate method is proposed in this paper to improve recognition performance. A modified lighting model called Lambertin which includes additive noise and multiplicative noise are presented firstly. Then, additive noise is removed by using wavelet packet transformation. Next, the processed image is transformed into logarithm domain and the multiplicative noise, which has been named additive noise, is removed by means of the same above algorithm. Finally, a compensated face image is obtained. We examine the proposed method on Yale extended B database compared with other methods. Experimental results show that our algorithm improves by 3%~12% recognition rate. It can effectively adjust the facial images for varying illumination conditions and also improve the recognition performance and robustness.
Study on the Methods of Reduceing Noise in Signal Processing Circuit of CCD Remote Sensor
Authors: Cheng Yun
Published: August 2011

In background of the developing trend of the high-resolution remote sensing camera, the following paper presents some methods of reducing noise in signal processing circuit. Based on the theory of Signal Integrity, this study from several aspects, such as power filter, signal filter and etc, simulate and validate on a software named Cadence, in the end, verify on real circuit, and achieve very good results.
Effects of Sintering Temperature on Structure and Electronic Properties of Mg0.2Zn0.8O:Al Ceramics
Authors: Yan Hong , Wang Hua , Zhou Shang Ju
Published: August 2011

Mg0.2Zn0.8O:Al ceramics with high density using nano scale ZnO, MgO and Al2O3 powders as raw materials were obtained by pressureless sintering. The influence of presintering powder and sintering temperature on microstructure of Mg0.2Zn0.8O:Al ceramics were studied. The experiment indicated that presintering powder might decrease produce of the second phase nucleation. The grain size became gradually larger and density of ceramic became obviously higher from 1100°C to 1300°C, but the rising-trend became slower after 1300°C. The Mg0.2Zn0.8O:Al ceramics with high density and homogeneous structure can be made at 1300°C for
A GPU Accelerated Red-Black SOR Algorithm for Computational Fluid Dynamics Problems
Authors: Liu Ji Tang , Ma Zhao Song , Li Shi Hai , Zhao Ying
Published: August 2011

GPUs are high performance co-processors of CPU for scientific computing including CFD. We present an optimistic shared memory allocation strategy to solve 2D CFD problems using Red-Black SOR method on GPU with CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture). Lid-driven results are compared with the benchmark data. The speed up ratio of same problem size by using NVDIA GTX480 and Intel Core-Dual 3.0GHz processor is discussed, the performance of GPU is 120 times faster than the sequential code on CPU with the problem size of 756756. Based on this work, we conclude that using the memory hierarchy properly has a key role in improving the computational performance of GPU.
Automatic Measurement of Concrete Deformation Field under Uniaxial Compression Based on DSCM
Authors: Weng Wei , Peng Rui Dong , Liu Hong Bin , Ma Wei Jia , Zhang Sheng Hua
Published: August 2011

As a kind of optical approach to measure full field deformation with the properties of non-contact, Digital Speckle Correlation Method (DSCM) has been adopted widely with the development of computer technology. The deformation of concrete under external loads is usually uneven and thus it should be characterized by full filed measurement so as to obtain accurate results. It should be effective for engineering to monitor the deformation of concrete by using digital speckle correlation method, and such monitoring is helpful to study the law of uneven deformation of concrete and discover its damage characteristics. The images of the surface of concrete specimens at the different stress were captured and recorded with a high-resolution CCD camera during uniaxial compression process. An own software was developed to analyze these images by DSCM. The nature texture of the specimen surface were searched and matched in different images, therefore the displacement field and the strain field of the surface of concrete specimens were calculated out. Experimental studies have shown that digital speckle correlation method can be well used to calculate the accurate deformation of concrete just through a direct photograph of concrete surface under different loads.
VOC Gas Sensing Based on the BJT Mode of Gated LBJT Device
Authors: Yuan Heng , Wang Bo , Yeom Se Hyuk , Kim Kyu Jin , Kwon Dae Hyuk , Kang Shin Won
Published: August 2011

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) gas sensor based on gated lateral bipolar junction transistor (LBJT) was developed in this study. The device was fabricated using 0.35-μm logic process by Magnachip-Hynix Co. Ltd. under the Integrated Circuit Design education Center Multi Project Wafer (IDEC-MPW) program. Solvatochromic dye as the sensing membrane was coated on the floating gate of the device. A semiconductor test and analyzer (STA-EL421, ELECS) was used to measure the sensing results. Following the results, we found that the sensing device which used the gated LBJT device has fast responsibility and reversibility to VOC gases (acetone etc.).
Optimal Iterative Learning Control for Nonlinear Discrete-Time Systems
Authors: Xu Hong Wei
Published: August 2011

In this paper, the problem about optimal iterative learning control of general nonlinear discrete-time systems has been studied. Based on the sufficient conditions of the existence of optimal iterative learning control in general nonlinear discrete-time systems, in view of the practical application, propose an approximate iterative algorithm, and prove the approximate iterative control restraining to the optimum control.
Mechanical Fault Diagnosis Based on Data Mining Technology
Authors: Shen Wei Hua
Published: August 2011

Data mining is a variety of analysis tools using the data found in the mass relationship between model and data technology, and relationships of these models can be used to predict. Organically with the combination of expert system, can solve the problem of automatic acquisition of knowledge. It from a large number, incomplete, noisy, fuzzy, random data mining the hidden decision-making has important reference value to generate the information. Data mining technology used in machinery fault diagnosis system, the scene of large quantities of raw data into valuable knowledge for specialists to explore the information they are interested in, but also describes the evolution trend of mechanical malfunction, the expert decision-making support information. And, after years of development, data mining technology has matured and widely used. The purpose of this study is that data mining technology used in machinery fault diagnosis and to study its feasibility. If applicable, must be able to open up a mechanical fault diagnosis, a new diagnostic method, which greatly promote the development of mechanical fault diagnosis technology.
The Method to Determine the Blended Ratio of Soybean Protein Fiber/Polyester Blended Ring-Spun Yarn
Authors: Yang Qing Bin , Dou Yu Kun
Published: August 2011

In order to study the method to determine the blended ratio of the soybean protein fibers, the calculation of the mean and standard deviation of the blended ratio of soybean protein fiber/polyester blended yarn by the statistical theory and density gradient method is discussed in this paper. The method can derive not only the mean but also the standard deviation of the blended ratio of the soybean protein fiber/polyester blended yarn. The control range of blended ratio of roving and ring yarn is (63.63%, 65.32%) and (64.16%,66.17%).The control range of the standard deviation of roving and ring yarn is 2.89% and 3.56%. The blended ratio of the ring yarn by the chemical dissolution is 64.5% at the same time. The error of the two methods is only 1.1%.
Turbulent Distance of Partially Coherent Hollow Gaussian Beams
Authors: Hao Bang Yuan
Published: August 2011

For partially coherent hollow Gaussian beam (HGB), the turbulent distance, in which all of the spatial and angular spreading and the beam propagation factor increasing due to turbulence can be neglected, has been investigated in detail. It is shown that the turbulent distance of partial coherent HGBs increases with increasing beam order and wavelength, and decreasing turbulent parameter and coherent parameter. With increasing waist width, the turbulent distance first increases and then decreases. Furthermore, the turbulent distance of a HGB is much larger than that of the corresponding Gaussian Schell-model (GSM) beam when choosing the appropriate value of the waist width, implying that a HGB may be more appropriate to be used in optical communication links than a GSM beam.
Preparation, Spectral Characterization and Fluorescence Property of Schiffbase Mg(II) Complex Material
Authors: Wang Li Hua
Published: August 2011

The reaction of 1-(1-hydroxy-2-naphthalenyl)-N, N-bis(3-aminopropyl)methylamine with MgCl2•6H2O in CH3CH2OH followed by recrystallization in CH3CH2OH gave rise to colorless block Mg (II) complex crystal material. The Mg (II) complex has been characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra and molar conductivity. The photoluminescence of the Mg (II) complex material was tested in solid and in solution, the result shows that the complex displays a emission maximum in blue region and that the organic solvents have effect on fluorescence intensity of Mg (II) complex.
Research on Harbor Oily Wastewater Treatment by Fenton Oxidation
Authors: Wei Yan Jie , Li Guo Yi , Wang Bin
Published: August 2011

Fenton oxidation was applied to treat harbor oil-contained wastewater after coagulation-sedimentation process. Orthogonal test and single-factor experiment showed that the effectiveness of the operating conditions on Fenton process and its performance was in the order of pH>H2O2 dosage>H2O2 /Fe2+ (molar ratio)> reaction time (t)>reaction temperature (T), pH had the greatest effect, in comparison, reaction temperature had the minimal effect. The optimum parameters of Fenton oxidation process were pH of 2.5-4.5, dosage of H2O2 of 4-6ml/L, H2O2/Fe2+ of 20, t of 60-90min, and T of 40°C. Under these reaction conditions, COD concentration was decreased from 317.5mg/L to 132.3mg/L, with the removal efficiency of 58.3%.
Numerical Study of Laminar Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristic in Wave Tubes Based on Sine Curve
Authors: Tong Zheng Ming , Zhu Kai , Lu Jia Lei , Li Gen
Published: August 2011

A new type of corrugated tube based on sine function is proposed by introducing a parameter of sine camber in this paper. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to analysis flow state and sine camber of tube influence on the heat transfer and flow. The heat transfer and flow around sinusoidal corrugated tubes with different sine camber e are investigated. According to the numerical calculus result, correlation equations of Nu (Nusselt) =f(Re) is given. At last, the theoretical comparative analysis with field synergy principle is carried out for the heat transfer and flow resistance in smooth tube and sinusoidal corrugated tube.
Harmonious Development of Coastal Ports and Port City Manufacturing Technology Economy in China
Authors: Wu Zhao Dan , Zhao Min , Huo Zheng Gang
Published: August 2011

This paper introduces the Granger causality test to the analysis of the relationship between coastal ports and port cities manufacturing technology economy in China, verifying the role of coastal ports in promoting the port city economy not having yet been full. The development of Chinese coastal ports efficiency since 2000 to 2009 is analyzed through Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), which can be concluded that the technical efficiency reached low in the decade. Especially after 2004 most of the coastal ports were inefficient, and most of the inefficiency, which increased in the size, came from pure technical and scale inefficiency. On this basis, this paper analyzes the problems of the present port construction in China, and puts forward the countermeasures of its harmonious development.
Study on Information Truth-Telling in Manufacturing Supply Chain
Authors: Pan Xiao Lin , Tian Ying
Published: August 2011

This paper presents a three-stage game model between one manufacture and n retailers. If the retailers share their forecasts truthfully, the manufacturer always benefits; On the other hand, the profits of the retailers always worse off by disclosing their demand information to the manufacturer. The information distortion phenomenon is the direct result of each party exploiting its private information to appropriate the gains from information sharing. If the manufacturer and the retailers can agree on their relative profit margins or profits prior to information sharing, the retailers will share their information truthfully and both parties may benefit from information sharing.
Simultaneous Optimization of Final Pit and Production Schedule in Open-Pit Coal Mines
Authors: Gu Xiao Wei , Wang Peng Fei , Wang Qing , Zheng You Yi , Liu Jian Ping , Chen Bin
Published: August 2011

A dynamic sequencing method has been developed that can simultaneously optimize the final pit and the production schedule of an open-pit coal mine. The method first establishes a geological seam model of a bedded coal deposit which estimates the relevant attributes of coal seams at the center of each block on the X-Y plane. Based on the seam model, a sequence of “geologically optimum final pits” is generated and, in each of these pits, a sequence of “geologically optimum push-backs” is generated. The geologically optimum push-backs are then put into a dynamic programming scheme and the best production schedule which has the highest NPV is obtained for each final pit. After the best production schedules for all the final pits are obtained, the one with the highest overall NPV is the optimum final pit and its associated best schedule is the overall best production schedule.
Supplier Selection in B2B Manufacturing Commerce Using AHP-DEA
Authors: Pan Xiao Lin , Tian Ying
Published: August 2011

Supplier selection is a critical and demanding task for companies that participate in B2B manufacturing e-commerce. In this paper, we propose anintegrated analytic hierarchy process- data envelopment analysis (AHP-DEA) for multiple criteria supplier selection. The proposed AHP–DEA methodology uses the AHP to determine the weights of criteria, the dataenvelopment analysis (DEA) method to determine the values of the linguistic terms. A numerical example demonstrates the application of the proposed method.
Zigbee-Based Data Acquisition System for Manufacturing
Authors: Hong Gang , Pan Xiao Qin
Published: August 2011

Data acquisition for manufacturing, designed and implemented based on ZigBee protocol wireless network information collection. The CC2430 chip as the master controller node, introduced the system of hardware and software design process to achieve a remote data acquisition. Distribution system, convenient, economical, low power consumption terminal nodes, network nodes, and more features. The results show that the system is stable and reliable data acquisition can be achieved.
Boron-Oxygen-Related Defect in Silicon
Authors: Khirunenko Lyudmila I. , Pomozov Yurii V. , Sosnin Mikhail G. , Duvanskii A.V.
Published: August 2011

In silicon with high oxygen and boron content a new absorption band situated near 1026 cm-1 was found in Si after light illuminSuperscript textation with intensity of 70 mW/cm2. It was shown that both oxygen and boron are the component of the defect to which found band corresponds. It was revealed that defect occurs also during thermal treatments of silicon without illumination when a weak current was applied to the sample upon the treatment. The assumption was made that the formation of defect occurs both as result of direct interaction of components and through intermediate metastable states.
Dislocation Structure, Electrical and Luminescent Properties of Hydrophilically Bonded Silicon Wafer Interface
Authors: Bondarenko Anton , Vyvenko Oleg , Kolevatov Iliya , Isakov Ivan , Kononchuk Oleg
Published: August 2011

The dislocation-related luminescence (DRL) in the vicinity of D1 band (0.8 eV) in hydrophilically bonded n- and p-type silicon wafers is investigated by means of recently developed pulsed trap refilling enhanced luminescence technique (Pulsed-TREL). The shallow and deep dislocation related electronic states in both upper and lower part of the band gap are determined and characterized by means of DLTS. Among those traps we have established ones which directly participate in D1 DRL. We have shown that D1 luminescence goes via shallow dislocation related states (SDRS) located close to the conduction and valence bands with thermal activation energy of about 0.1 eV whereas deep levels do not participate in D1 DRL. The model explaining the fact how the 0.8 eV luminescence may go through levels which interlevel energy is at least 0.97 eV in terms of Coulomb interaction between ionized SDRS is suggested.
Accumulation of VO Defects in N-Si at High-Temperature Pulse Electron Irradiation: Generation and Annealing Kinetics, Dependence on Irradiation Intensity
Authors: Kras'ko Mykola , Kraitchinskii Anatolii , Kolosiuk Andrii , Neimash Volodymyr , Voitovych Vasyl , Makara V.A. , Petrunya Ruslan , Povarchuk Vasyl
Published: August 2011

Accumulation kinetics of vacancy-oxygen (VO) complexes in Czochralski (Cz) n-Si at 360 °C and 1 MeV electron pulse irradiation has been investigated. It is shown that during the irradiation and simultaneous generation and annealing of VO centers, the accumulation kinetics has non-linear dependence with saturation. It is found that there is a maximal concentration of VO centers, which depends on the radiation intensity (J) and temperature as well. It is also established the annealing of VO centers can substantially be stimulated by the intensity of electron irradiation. An increase of J from 1.25×1015 to 1.25×1016 electrons/(сm2s) does not influence the generation efficiency of VO, though it accelerates their annealing by more than one order of magnitude.
Immobilized Biocatalysts: Novel Approaches and Tools for Binding Enzymes to Supports
Authors: Torres‐Salas Pamela , del Monte‐Martinez Alberto , Cutiño‐Avila Bessy , Rodriguez‐Colinas Barbara , Alcalde Miguel , Ballesteros Antonio O. , Plou Francisco J.
Published: August 2011

In the last decade, new trends for enzyme attachment to solid carriers have emerged in an attempt to rationalize the classical methods for enzyme immobilization. In silico analysis is becoming a powerful tool to predict the orientation of enzymes covalently attached to the carrier or the protein regions involved in adsorption to the support. Significantly, an array of algorithms has been established for the rational design of immobilized derivatives, which comprises both the protein size and the textural properties of the support. Ordered mesoporous materials open a challenging pathway to tailor immobilized enzymes with high volumetric activity and minimum lixiviation. In addition, fluorescence confocal microscopy is being successfully employed to understand the diffusional restrictions and the distribution of biomolecules within the support.
Four New Cryptoporic Acid Derivatives from the Fruiting Bodies of Cryptoporus sinensis, and Their Inhibitory Effects on Nitric Oxide Production
Authors: Wu Wen , Zhao Feng , Ding Rong , Bao Li , Gao Hao , Lu Jin‐Cai , Yao Xin‐Sheng , Zhang Xiao‐Qing , Liu Hong‐Wei
Published: August 2011

Four new drimane‐type sesquiterpenoid ethers of isocitric acid, named cryptoporic acids J–M, were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Cryptoporus sinensis, together with six known cryptoporic acids. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses. Among them, cryptoporic acid D showed strong inhibition against nitric oxide (NO) production in macrophages with an IC50 of 45.8±3.6 μM, comparable to the positive control of hydrocortisone (IC50 of 40.6±2.5 μM).
Improved blood compatibility of Mg‐1.0Zn‐1.0Ca alloy by micro‐arc oxidation
Authors: Wang Da‐Wei , Cao Yang , Qiu Hui , Bi Zheng‐Gang
Published: August 2011

Magnesium and its alloys have been used in the recent development of lightweight, biodegradeable implant materials. However, the corrosion properties of magnesium limit its usefulness. In a previous study, a micro‐arc oxidation (MAO) method was used to modify a Mg‐1.0 wt % Zn‐1.0 wt % Ca alloy surface, with the purpose of improving the corrosion resistance of Mg alloys. However, the blood compatibility of MAO‐treated Mg alloy is unknown. Results of cytotoxicity assays with bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells showed that extracts of MAO‐treated alloy significantly decreased cytotoxicity compared to titanium alloy extract. Results of blood compatibility tests showed that the MAO group had a decreased hemolytic ratio (2.25%) compared to the untreated Mg alloy group (24.58%) (p < 0.001). The MAO group showed significantly shorter prothrombin and thrombin times and significantly longer activated partial thromboplastin time than the untreated Mg alloy group. Arachidonic acid‐ and adenosine diphosphate‐induced platelet aggregations were significantly decreased by the untreated Mg alloy extract, and they were less affected by extract of MAO‐treated Mg alloy. In conclusion, MAO‐treated Mg‐1.0 wt % Zn‐1.0 wt % Ca alloy exhibits favorable blood compatibility characteristics and may be useful in the development of magnesium implant materials. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.
Centrosome dynamics during mammalian oocyte maturation with a focus on meiotic spindle formation
Authors: Schatten Heide , Sun Qing‐Yuan
Published: August 2011

Oocyte maturation is an important process required to achieve optimal oocyte quality, and later affects fertilization potential and subsequent embryo development. The maturation process includes synchronized nuclear and cytoplasmic remodeling, in which cytoskeletal and centrosome dynamics play an important role and significantly participate in cellular signaling. Centrosome remodeling within the maturing oocyte is essential for accurate meioisis I and II spindle formation, specifically to separate chromosomes accurately during the two successive, highly asymmetric meiotic cell divisions. Centrosomal abnormalities result in inaccurate microtubule organization and inaccurate chromosome alignment, with failures in chromosome segregation leading to aneuploidy and chromosomal abnormalities. The present review is focused on cytoskeletal and centrosome remodeling during oocyte maturation, with specific attention to γ‐tubulin, pericentrin, the Nuclear Mitotic Apparatus (NuMA) protein, and microtubule organization. Species‐specific differences will be discussed for rodent (mouse) and non‐rodent (bovine, porcine) species, and for human oocytes. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 78:757–768, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Surface morphology and electrical properties of polyurethane nanofiber webs spray‐coated with carbon nanotubes
Authors: Yoo Hye Jin , Kim Hyun Hee , Cho Jae Whan , Kim Young Ho
Published: August 2011

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were spray‐coated on electrospun polyurethane nanofiber webs for electrical conductive application. For the effective coating of MWNTs, hyperbranched polyurethane (HBPU) was used by blending with linear polyurethane, which was synthesized in the A2 + B3 approach using poly(ε‐caprolactone)diol, 4,4′‐methylene bis(phenylisocynate), and castor oil. SEM measurements showed that the MWNTs could be coated well along the surface of nanofibers when the HBPU was blended in the linear polyurethane nanofibers. Blending of HBPU in the nanofibers also affected the electrical conductivity of MWNT‐coated nanofiber webs. The low electrical resistance from 20 to 400 Ω/sq was obtained for MWNT‐coated nanofiber webs and their electrical resistance decreased with an increase of spraying frequency. As a potential application of MWNT‐coated nanofiber webs, the electrical heating effect because of applied voltage was demonstrated. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First‐trimester detection of structural abnormalities and the role of aneuploidy markers
Authors: Grande M. , Arigita M. , Borobio V. , Jimenez J. M. , Fernandez S. , Borrell A.
Published: August 2011

Objectives

To determine the sensitivity of first‐trimester ultrasound for diagnosing different structural anomalies in chromosomally normal pregnancies, and to establish the role of aneuploidy markers in the detection of abnormalities.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of chromosomally normal singleton pregnancies with an 11–14‐week scan performed in our center during 2002–2009. The ultrasound examination included an early fetal anatomy survey and assessment of nuchal translucency, ductus venosus blood flow and nasal bone.

Results

Among 13 723 scanned first‐trimester pregnancies with no genetic anomalies and complete follow‐up, 439 fetuses (3.2%) were found to present with structural anomalies (194 with major anomalies and 245 with only minor anomalies). Forty‐nine per cent of major structural anomalies were detected during the first‐trimester scan, the highest rates corresponding to acrania (17/17), holoprosencephaly (three of three), hypoplastic left heart syndrome (10/10), omphalocele (six of six), megacystis (seven of eight) and hydrops (eight of nine). Higher than expected detection rates were obtained for skeletal (69%) and cardiac (57%) defects, coincidentally showing the highest presence of an increased nuchal translucency or abnormal ductus venosus blood flow (38% and 52%, respectively). The finding of an absent nasal bone did not appear to be associated with structural defects.

Conclusion

About half of major structural abnormalities can be diagnosed in the first trimester. Increased nuchal translucency or abnormal ductus venosus blood flow appear to be associated with cardiac and skeletal defects and may facilitate early detection. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Structure, and Photoluminescence of a 3D Zinc(II) Coordination Polymer with Tris(2‐carboxyethyl)isocyanurate and 1,2,4‐Triazole Ligands
Authors: Fu Shuai , Zhang Guo‐Xin , Han Zheng‐Bo
Published: August 2011

A new coordination polymer Zn2(tci)(trz)·H2O (1) [Htrz = 1,2,4‐triazole, H3tci = tris(2‐carboxyethyl)isocyanurate] was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, TG, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, which revealed that compound 1 has a 3D framework structure.
Effects of season, milking routine and cow cleanliness on bacterial and somatic cell counts of bulk tank milk
Authors: Zucali Maddalena , Bava Luciana , Tamburini Alberto , Brasca Milena , Vanoni Laura , Sandrucci Anna
Published: August 2011

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of season, cow cleanliness and milking routine on bacterial and somatic cell counts of bulk tank milk. A total of 22 dairy farms in Lombardy (Italy) were visited three times in a year in different seasons. During each visit, samples of bulk tank milk were taken for bacterial and somatic cell counts; swabs from the teat surface of a group of cows were collected after teat cleaning and before milking. Cow cleanliness was assessed by scoring udder, flanks and legs of all milking cows using a 4-point scale system. Season affected cow cleanliness with a significantly higher percentage of non-clean (NC) cows during Cold compared with Mild season. Standard plate count (SPC), laboratory pasteurization count (LPC), coliform count (CC) and somatic cell count, expressed as linear score (LS), in milk significantly increased in Hot compared with Cold season. Coagulase-positive staphylococci on teat swabs showed higher counts in Cold season in comparison with the other ones. The effect of cow cleanliness was significant for SPC, psychrotrophic bacterial count (PBC), CC and Escherichia coli in bulk tank milk. Somatic cell count showed a relationship with udder hygiene score. Milking operation routine strongly affected bacterial counts and LS of bulk tank milk: farms that accomplished a comprehensive milking scheme including two or more operations among forestripping, pre-dipping and post-dipping had lower teat contamination and lower milk SPC, PBC, LPC, CC and LS than farms that did not carry out any operation.
Informed Consent: Its History, Meaning, and Present Challenges
Authors: BEAUCHAMP TOM L.
Published: August 2011

The practice of obtaining informed consent has its history in, and gains its meaning from, medicine and biomedical research. Discussions of disclosure and justified nondisclosure have played a significant role throughout the history of medical ethics, but the term “informed consent” emerged only in the 1950s. Serious discussion of the meaning and ethics of informed consent began in medicine, research, law, and philosophy only around 1972.
Daily hassles, physical illness, and sleep problems in older adults with wishes to die
Authors: Lapierre Sylvie , Boyer Richard , Desjardins Sophie , Dubé Micheline , Lorrain Dominique , Préville Michel , Brassard Joëlle
Published: August 2011

Background: Factors associated with the wish to die should be investigated in order to gain more opportunities for preventive interventions targeting older adults at risk for suicide. The goal of the research was to study the prevalence and associated factors of wishes to die in older adults living in the community using the data from a survey on the prevalence of mental disorders in this population.

Methods: With a representative sample of community living older adults aged 65 years and over (N = 2777), we compared individuals with the wish to die (n = 163) to those without the wish to die on the basis of the presence and severity of daily hassles, physical illness, and sleep quality.

Results: Logistic regression revealed that when depression and sociodemographic variables were held constant, self-rated physical health, number of chronic illnesses, number and intensity of daily hassles, as well as sleep problems were significantly associated with the wish to die in older adults. Painful illnesses and daytime dysfunction due to sleep problems were also associated factors with the wish to die.

Conclusion: Since desire for death is the first step into the suicidal process, health professionals should seriously consider the important and unique contribution of these variables in order to have more opportunities for detection and intervention.
Studies on electric triggering of the metal-insulator transition in VO2 thin films between 77 K and 300 K
Authors: Yang Zheng , Hart Sean , Ko Changhyun , Yacoby Amir , Ramanathan Shriram
Published: August 2011

We investigate the electrically triggered metal-insulator transition (E-MIT) in VO2 thin films at temperatures far below the structural phase transition temperature (∼340 K). At 77 K, the maximum current jump observed across the E-MIT is nearly 300×. The threshold voltage for E-MIT decreases slightly from ∼2.0 V at 77 K to ∼1.1 V at 300 K across ∼200 nm thick films, which scales weakly over the temperature range of 77–300 K with an activation energy of ∼5 meV. The phase transition properties are found to be stable after over one thousand scans, indicating reproducible measurements. Analysis of the scaling behavior suggests that the observed weak temperature-dependence of the threshold voltages for E-MIT is smaller than that predicted for a purely current induced Joule heating effect and may include contribution from field effect or carrier injection under applied bias. The results are of potential relevance to the field of phase transition oxide electronics and further understanding of the transition mechanisms.
Role of the thermal boundary resistance of the quantum well interfaces on the degradation of high power laser diodes
Authors: Martín-Martín A. , Iñiguez P. , Jiménez J. , Oudart M. , Nagle J.
Published: August 2011

The influence of the quantum well (QW) interfaces with the barrier layers on the rapid degradation of AlGaAs based high power laser bars (808 nm) is investigated. Thermal stresses induced in the device by the local heating produced by nonradiative recombination areas at the facet mirror are calculated by means of a thermomechanical model. Results show that the laser power density threshold necessary to achieve the plastic deformation, leading to the generation of dislocations and to the failure of these devices, is reduced as the quality of the QW interfaces worsens in terms of thermal boundary resistance.