bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phosphorylcholine-grafted graphene oxide loaded with irinotecan for potential oncology therapy
Authors: Cui Jia , Zhang Ziyi , Zhong Han , Zhang Tao
Published: October 2023

Irinotecan was complexed on phosphorylcholine-grafted graphene oxide synthesized via atomic transfer radical polymerization, the biocompatibility and effectiveness of the complex was confirmed and expected to be applied in oncology therapy.
Hemiaminal dynamic covalent networks with rapid stress relaxation, reprocessability and degradability endowed by the synergy of disulfide and hemiaminal bonds
Authors: Zhu Siyao , Wang Yan , Qin Jiaxin , Chen Li , Zhang Liying , Wei Yi , Liu Wanshuang
Published: October 2023

We propose a simple strategy to prepare a recyclable thermoset (HDCNs-DTDA) containing dual dynamic covalent bonds (disulfide and hemiaminal bonds). The prepared HDCNs-DTDA shows fast dynamic response, high reprocessing efficiency and chemical degradation.
Molecular dynamics simulation of the coalescence of surfactant-laden droplets
Authors: Arbabi Soheil , Deuar Piotr , Denys Mateusz , Bennacer Rachid , Che Zhizhao , Theodorakis Panagiotis E.
Published: October 2023

Coalescence of surfactant-laden aqueous droplets and bridge growth.
Realization of electron-deficient Ru sites via Co4N coupling for synergistically enhanced alkaline hydrogen evolution
Authors: Xing Mengyuan , Guo Xuyun , Yuan Wenfang , Chen Wenxuan , Du Mengmeng , Cai Lejuan , Nicolosi Valeria , Chai Yang , Qiu Bocheng
Published: October 2023

The effective charge transfer from Ru to Co4N allows an optimized water adsorption energy and more electrons to activate H2O molecules, thus realizing an enhanced activity for hydrogen evolution.
Design of single-atom catalysts for NO oxidation using OH radicals
Authors: Yang Weijie , Chen Liugang , Jia Zhenhe , Zhou Binghui , Liu Yanfeng , Wu Chongchong , Gao Zhengyang
Published: October 2023

Volcano plot of NO oxidation using OH and O2 over TM-N4-C.
Enabling isotropic Li growth via Li foil facet-engineering for high-performance Li metal batteries
Authors: Liu Yanyan , Wang Shuyue , Sun Minghao , Ling Min , Zhou Shaodong , Liang Chengdu
Published: October 2023

Isotropic Li growth is achieved by tunning the surface energy of different Li crystal faces.
Broad-band self-injection organic laser amplifier based on a DBR microcavity
Authors: Zhang Tianqi , Wu Wenwen , Liu Yue , Zhang Xinping
Published: October 2023

A self-injected regenerative laser amplifier is achieved on a periodic array of DBR microcavities, where an Al coating on the back of the substrate supplies high-reflection of the output of the oscillator and facilitates injection of the amplifier.
Writers and readers of H3K9me2 form distinct protein networks during the cell cycle that include candidates for H3K9 mimicry
Authors: Pollin Gareth , De Assuncao Thiago M. , Doria Jorge Salomao , Chi Young-In , Charlesworth M. Cristine , Madden Benjamin , Iovanna Juan , Zimmermann Michael T. , Urrutia Raul , Lomberk Gwen
Published: October 2023

Histone H3 lysine 9 methylation (H3K9me), which is written by the Euchromatic Histone Lysine Methyltransferases EHMT1 and EHMT2 and read by the heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) chromobox (CBX) protein family, is dysregulated in many types of cancers. Approaches to inhibit regulators of this pathway are currently being evaluated for therapeutic purposes. Thus, knowledge of the complexes supporting the function of these writers and readers during the process of cell proliferation is critical for our understanding of their role in carcinogenesis. Here, we immunopurified each of these proteins and used mass spectrometry to define their associated non-histone proteins, individually and at two different phases of the cell cycle, namely G1/S and G2/M. Our findings identify novel binding proteins for these writers and readers, as well as corroborate known interactors, to show the formation of distinct protein complex networks in a cell cycle phase-specific manner. Furthermore, there is an organizational switch between cell cycle phases for interactions among specific writer–reader pairs. Through a multi-tiered bioinformatics-based approach, we reveal that many interacting proteins exhibit histone mimicry, based on an H3K9-like linear motif. Gene ontology analyses, pathway enrichment, and network reconstruction inferred that these comprehensive EHMT and CBX-associated interacting protein networks participate in various functions, including transcription, DNA repair, splicing, and membrane disassembly. Combined, our data reveals novel complexes that provide insight into key functions of cell cycle-associated epigenomic processes that are highly relevant for better understanding these chromatin-modifying proteins during cell cycle and carcinogenesis.
Adverse effects of ovarian cryopreservation and auto-transplantation on ovarian grafts and quality of produced oocytes in a mouse model
Authors: Wu Que , Ru Gaizhen , Xiao Wanfen , Wang Qian , Li Zhiling
Published: October 2023

The process of ovarian cryopreservation and transplantation is the only feasible fertility preservation method for prepubertal girls and female patients with cancer who cannot delay radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, basic research on this technique is lacking. To better understand ovarian function and oocyte quality after ovarian tissue (OT) transplantation, we characterised the appearance, angiogenesis, and endocrine function of ovarian grafts in a murine model; the mitochondrial function and DNA damage in oocytes isolated from the OT; and the development of embryos after in vitro fertilisation. The results showed a decrease in oocyte numbers in the transplanted OT, abnormal endocrine function of ovarian grafts, as well as dysfunctional mitochondria and DNA damage in the oocytes, which could adversely affect subsequent embryonic development. However, these adverse phenotypes were partially or completely resolved within 21 days of transplantation, suggesting that ovulation induction and assisted pregnancy treatment should not be conducted too soon after OT transfer to ensure optimal patient and offspring outcomes.
Constraints on the multiplicity of the most massive stars known: R136 a1, a2, a3, and c
Authors: Shenar T. , Sana H. , Crowther P. A. , Bostroem K. A. , Mahy L. , Najarro F. , Oskinova L. , Sander A. A. C.
Published: October 2023

Context. The upper stellar mass limit is a fundamental parameter for simulations of star formation, galactic chemical evolution, and stellar feedback. An empirical bound on this parameter is therefore highly valuable. The most massive stars known to date are R 136 a1, a2, a3, and c, with reported masses in excess of 150–200 M⊙ and initial masses of up to ≈300 M⊙. They are located within the central cluster R 136a of the Tarantula nebula in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), However, the mass estimation of these stars relies on the assumption that they are single.

Aims. Via multi-epoch spectroscopy, we provide, for the first time, constraints on the presence of close stellar companions to the most massive stars known for orbital periods of up to ≈10 yr.

Methods. We collected three epochs of spectroscopy for R 136 a1, a2, a3, and c with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in the years 2020–2021 to probe potential radial-velocity (RV) variations. We combined these epochs with an additional HST/STIS observation taken in 2012. For R 136 c, we also used archival spectroscopy obtained with the Very Large Telescope (VLT). We used cross-correlation to quantify the RVs and establish constraints on possible companions to these stars up to periods of ≈10 yr. Objects are classified as binaries when the peak-to-peak RV shifts exceed 50 km s−1 and when the RV shift is significant with respect to errors.

Results. R 136 a1, a2, and a3 do not satisfy the binary criteria and are thus classified as putatively single, although formal peak-to-peak RV variability on the level 40 km s−1 is noted for a3. Only R 136 c is classified as a binary, in agreement with the literature. We can generally rule out massive companions (M2 ≳ 50 M⊙) to R 136 a1, a2, and a3 out to orbital periods of ≲1 yr (separations ≲5 au) at 95% confidence, or out to tens of years (separations ≲100 au) at 50% confidence. Highly eccentric binaries (e ≳ 0.9) or twin companions with similar spectra could evade detection down to shorter periods (≳10 days), though their presence is not supported by the relative X-ray faintness of R 136 a1, a2, and a3. We derive a preliminary orbital solution with a 17.2 days period for the X-ray-bright binary R 136 c, though more data are needed to conclusively derive its orbit.

Conclusions. Our study supports a lower bound of 150–200 M⊙ on the upper-mass limit at LMC metallicity.
Use of Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene (IMPRA*) Grafts in Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump Access
Authors: Salomon Neal W. , Copeland Jack G. , Ramirez R. L. , Larson Douglas F. , McAfee Mary Ann
Published: October 2023

In 40 patients requiring intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation assistance, the brand expanded polytetrafluoroethylene microporous graft was anastomosed to the common femoral artery for insertion of the balloon catheter. We feel that certain properties of this material make it very suitable for use in this clinical setting.
The Management of a Fractured Intra-Aortic Balloon
Authors: Babka Ronald , Montoya Alvaro , Smith Bradford , lstanbouli Maher , Colby Clarence , Pifarré Roque
Published: October 2023

The fracture of an intra-aortic balloon must be carefully monitored and immediately managed. This report describes our experience with a fractured balloon occurring in a patient one day after aortocoronary bypass surgery. The rupture, noted by the presence of blood in the balloon tubing, required immediate isolation and removal. The patient tolerated the event well and recovered without complications.
Prediction of Minimal Ventilation Requirements for Oxygenation in a Bubble and Membrane Blood Oxygenator During Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Riley J. B. , Walker C. T , Kauffman J. N. , Rigatti R. L. , Young M. R. , Daly W. L.
Published: October 2023

2300 Optiflo II and 80 Sci-Med blood oxygenator cardiopulmonary operative records were studied to define the semilogarithmic relationship between the PaO2 and the gas-to-blood flow ratio or the percent FIO2 respectively. A mathematical model was developed to consider the linear effects of oxygenator blood residence time, temperature, hematocrit and the continuously monitored venous inlet % O2 saturation of hemoglobin on the slope and Y -intercept of the device semilog PaO2 function curve.

The ventilation of five Optiflo II patient circuits (37 blood gas determinations) and five Sci-Med patient circuits (40 blood gases) ventilation was controlled by intrabypass evaluation of a mathematical statement as each of the four continuously monitored independent variables were altered. The formulae were solved to generate gas-to-blood flow ratios and FIO2’s to yield PaO2’s of 150 mmHg. The average resulting PaO2 in the Optiflo II group = 158 ± 55 mmHg (mean ± 1 S.D.), the PaO2 falling within 150 ± 60 mmHg 70.3% of the time. The average resulting PaO2 in the Sci-Med group = 180 ± 59 mmHg, the PaO2 falling within 150 ± 60 mmHg 67.5% of the time.

The minimal ventilation requirements to achieve blood oxygenation were quantitated, formulated, and tested with success.
Cardiopulmonary Bypass in the Neonate: Case Report
Authors: Cappola P.R. , Keough E. , Connolly R. J. , Khan M.A. , Wilcox L. M. , Amato J. J.
Published: October 2023

Extra-corporeal perfusion was utilized during the surgical repair of congenital cardiovascular abnormalities in a twenty-four-hour-old neonate. Modifications of standard perfusion techniques are described. The need to monitor and carefully control the oxygen tension is discussed. High oxygen tension has been linked to retrolental fibroplasia (RLF) in neonates, and high oxygen tension can occur during extra-corporeal circulation. It is a logical precaution to keep the partial pressure of oxygen as close to normal as possible when perfusing neonates. The theoretical relationship between extra-corporeal oxygen exposure and RLF in neonates during open-heart surgery is discussed.
Development of a two-way mentorship scale focusing on next-generation core competencies
Authors: Chen Yin-Che , Chai Ching-Ching
Published: October 2023

With society and technology developing rapidly and the new generation of young adults entering the workforce, the core competencies that must be possessed by employees are changing along with factors such as changes in the external environment and enterprises’ internal demands; consequently, the characteristics of mentorship are also subject to change. This study investigated two-way mentorship and the core competencies necessary for workers in an organization. After rigorous testing and compilation processes, this study developed a two-way mentorship scale for assessing the three dimensions of career development, psychosocial support, and role modeling. The data analysis revealed that the internal consistency values for career development, psychosocial support, and role modeling were 0.911, 0.879, and 0.791, respectively. The factor loading of all items exceeded 0.50 and thereby conformed to the theoretical model. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the goodness-of-fit indices of the scale met the corresponding standards. The average variance extracted was 0.342–0.497, the composite reliability was 0.591–0.911, and the square root of the average variance extracted was 0.584–0.704. Finally, managerial, practical, and academic suggestions are proposed on the basis of the study results, and the research limitations are identified.
Investigation of simultaneous carrier/phonon scattering and bipolar conduction effects in inorganic/organic composites: Implications for thermoelectric performance
Authors: Kim Cham , Kim Kyo-eun , Cho Jaehun , Lopez David Humberto
Published: October 2023

For low-temperature thermoelectric applications, a bulk-phase inorganic/organic composite is prepared by introducing a conducting polymer, which is recognized as a potential organic thermoelectric material, into a representative inorganic thermoelectric material (n-type Bi2Te3). A conducting polymer, PEDOT:PSS, was chosen to prepare the Bi2Te3/PEDOT:PSS composite, wherein an intimate interface was formed between Bi2Te3 and PEDOT:PSS. The work function difference between Bi2Te3 and PEDOT:PSS created an energy barrier at the interface, possibly facilitating selective charge carrier transport depending on the energy levels of the carrier (i.e., energy filtering effect), thereby contributing to an enhancement in the Seebeck coefficient. The composite exhibited a completely different bipolar conduction tendency from pristine Bi2Te3, inducing a significant variation in the temperature dependence of the Seebeck coefficient. Furthermore, the interface may affect the carrier and phonon scattering probabilities, resulting in a considerable reduction in thermal conductivity. The composite adjustment was intensively studied to regulate the electrical and thermal properties using the energy filtering effect along with the carrier and phonon scattering probabilities, resulting in a noticeably enhanced thermoelectric performance. The temperature dependence of the performance was effectively adjusted using the bipolar conduction tendency, thereby affording the Bi2Te3/PEDOT:PSS composite exhibiting consistently high ZT values over the wide temperature range of 25–275 °C. The thermoelectric performance of Bi2Te3/PEDOT:PSS was competitive with that of previously reported high-performance n-type Bi2Te3-based analogs. The Bi2Te3/PEDOT:PSS composite is a promising n-type candidate for diverse low-temperature thermoelectric applications as a p-type Bi2Te3 counterpart.
The secret life of crime labs
Authors: Stout Peter
Published: October 2023

Houston TX experienced a widely known failure of its police forensic laboratory. This gave rise to the Houston Forensic Science Center (HFSC) as a separate entity to provide forensic services to the City of Houston. HFSC is a very large forensic laboratory and has made significant progress at remediating the past failures and improving public trust in forensic testing. HFSC has a large and robust blind testing program, which has provided many insights into the challenges forensic laboratories face. HFSC’s journey from a notoriously failed lab to a model also gives perspective to the resource challenges faced by all labs in the country. Challenges for labs include the pervasive reality of poor-quality evidence. Also that forensic laboratories are necessarily part of a much wider system of interdependent functions in criminal justice making blind testing something in which all parts have a role. This interconnectedness also highlights the need for an array of oversight and regulatory frameworks to function properly. The major essential databases in forensics need to be a part of blind testing programs and work is needed to ensure that the results from these databases are indeed producing correct results and those results are being correctly used. Last, laboratory reports of “inconclusive” results are a significant challenge for laboratories and the system to better understand when these results are appropriate, necessary and most importantly correctly used by the rest of the system.
Signatures of elongated and compact configurations in the fusion barrier distribution of deformed nuclei
Authors: Fareed F A , Seif W M , Adel A , Abdul-Magead I A M
Published: October 2023

The fusion barrier distributions (BD) of 11 fusion reactions are investigated to understand the role of orientation as a degree of freedom in the fusion mechanism involving deformed nuclei, and seeking signatures of cold and hot fusion. We compared the experimentally extracted BD with those calculated using the coupled-channel method, starting from orientation-dependent folding potentials based on M3Y-Reid nucleon–nucleon interaction, with coupling to the anticipated vibrational and rotational excitations in projectile and target nuclei. We found that the signature of the hot fusion process within the compact configuration of the participating deformed nuclei is always evident in the extracted fusion barrier distribution. The different peaks appearing in the extracted BD can be individually assigned to the elongated-cold or compact-hot fusion process. The imprint of the compact-hot fusion may also manifest itself as a little increase in the value of the BD at certain related energy, compared with the preceding and succeeding values.
Modeling the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on spatial attention
Authors: Jing Ying , Numssen Ole , Weise Konstantin , Kalloch Benjamin , Buchberger Lena , Haueisen Jens , Hartwigsen Gesa , Knösche Thomas R
Published: October 2023

Objectives. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been widely used to modulate brain activity in healthy and diseased brains, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Previous research leveraged biophysical modeling of the induced electric field (E-field) to map causal structure–function relationships in the primary motor cortex. This study aims at transferring this localization approach to spatial attention, which helps to understand the TMS effects on cognitive functions, and may ultimately optimize stimulation schemes. Approach. Thirty right-handed healthy participants underwent a functional magnetic imaging (fMRI) experiment, and seventeen of them participated in a TMS experiment. The individual fMRI activation peak within the right inferior parietal lobule (rIPL) during a Posner-like attention task defined the center target for TMS. Thereafter, participants underwent 500 Posner task trials. During each trial, a 5-pulse burst of 10 Hz repetitive TMS (rTMS) was given over the rIPL to modulate attentional processing. The TMS-induced E-fields for every cortical target were correlated with the behavioral modulation to identify relevant cortical regions for attentional orientation and reorientation. Main results. We did not observe a robust correlation between E-field strength and behavioral outcomes, highlighting the challenges of transferring the localization method to cognitive functions with high neural response variability and complex network interactions. Nevertheless, TMS selectively inhibited attentional reorienting in five out of seventeen subjects, resulting in task-specific behavioral impairments. The BOLD-measured neuronal activity and TMS-evoked neuronal effects showed different patterns, which emphasizes the principal distinction between the neural activity being correlated with (or maybe even caused by) particular paradigms, and the activity of neural populations exerting a causal influence on the behavioral outcome. Significance. This study is the first to explore the mechanisms of TMS-induced attentional modulation through electrical field modeling. Our findings highlight the complexity of cognitive functions and provide a basis for optimizing attentional stimulation protocols.
Completion of 25.2 T ultrahigh magnetic field NMR user facility in China
Authors: Wang Yaohui , Liu Jianhua , Zhou Benzhe , Wang Kangshuai , Liu Hui , Wang Hui , Chen Shunzhong , Liu Feng , Wang Weimin , Wang Qiuliang
Published: October 2023

Significant scientific breakthroughs often arise from research conducted under extreme conditions, such as ultrahigh magnetic fields. Ultrahigh field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) provides a cutting-edge platform for studying material properties under extreme conditions. However, pursuing ultrahigh NMR presents considerable challenges, with only a few institutions worldwide having the requisite technical capabilities. After several years of research and development, we have successfully created the world’s first high-temperature superconducting (HTS) NMR experimental instrument under low-temperature measurement with a field strength exceeding 25 T using the Bi-2223 HTS double-pancake winding technique. The instrument has demonstrated exceptional performance, and stable operation, fully satisfying the demands of the user facility. The open operation of this experimental facility will significantly support basic scientific research in China and around the world.
Monodisperse BaZrO3 nanocrystals and flux pinning effect on upscaling MOD-derived (Y,Dy)Ba2Cu3O7−
δ
superconducting tapes
Authors: Huang Rongtie , Chen Jing , Liu Zhiyong , Dou Wenzhi , Zhang Ning , Cai Chuanbing
Published: October 2023

In the present work, monodisperse BaZrO3 (BZO) nanocrystals with controllable sizes are successfully introduced into trifluoroacetate metal–organic deposition derived (Y,Dy)Ba2Cu3O7−δ
((Y,Dy)BCO)-coated superconducting tapes to act as effective pinning centers. The BZO nanocrystal addition strategy is extended to upscaling coated conductors as long as hundreds of meters, and as thick as 3.4 μm, of (Y,Dy)BCO layers. The corresponding superconducting performances of BZO-added (Y,Dy)BCO-coated conductors are systematically investigated under various applied magnetic fields and temperatures. It is revealed that the I
c (77 K, self-field) of BZO-added tapes decreases linearly with BZO concentration, while the corresponding in-field lift-factors increase for all studied BZO additions. In-field J
c values under various fields at low temperatures show that the (Y,Dy)BCO tape with 5%-BZO addition exhibits a better performance than that of other concentrations. Besides, this benefit of BZO addition appears identical for both thin and thick samples, as well as for tapes that are hundreds of meters long. The angular dependence of in-field I
c also shows that significant improvement occurs in all the studied angular ranges after nanocrystal BZO additions, demonstrating that the nanocrystal addition strategy is of great value for upscaling commercial (Y,Dy)BCO tape for in-field applications.
The behavior and control of injected impurity in the closed divertor of HL-2A
Authors: Ma Huicong , Cao Chengzhi , Cai Laizhong , Gao Jinming , Du Hailong , Wang Dezhen , Wu Na , Liu Liang , Yang Zengchen
Published: October 2023

Excessive heat load on the divertor target has been identified as a major challenge for present and future tokamaks. Divertor detachment achieved by injecting radiating impurity is an effective method to reduce heat load onto the divertor target surface. However, extremely serious effects on the core plasma could be given by the injected extrinsic impurity, such as fuel dilution and cooling due to energy radiation loss by the impurity in the core plasma region. Therefore, understanding the impurity behavior and then controlling the impurity content during divertor impurity injection are important issues of a tokamak. The closed divertor has the advantage of realization of divertor detachment and the Huan Liuqi-2A (HL-2A) tokamak has a very closed symmetrical divertor structure. In this work, experiments and SOLPS-ITER simulation gave the picture of the impurity behavior and showed that the friction force can play a more key role in screening and controlling radiated impurity, comparing with pressure/temperature gradient force during detachment in HL-2A with the closed divertor. Increasing the degree of divertor detachment (DoD), the screening ability of the divertor is strengthened, which is conducive to the control of impurity ions. It implies that the injected impurity can be confined in the closed divertor under detachment and, to some extent, the effect of DoD or impurity gas flux on main plasma can be attenuated for HL-2A with extrinsic impurity gas injection. During divertor detachment, the screening effect of N+ and Ar+ ions is stronger than that of Ne+ ions. As a result, the behavior and control of impurity with impurity injection in the closed divertor of HL-2A are presented with experimental and simulated results, which gives meaningful understanding and suggestion for heat load mitigation and controlling the effect of impurity in HL-2A and other tokamaks.
The thermoelectric power investigation of the ϒ2-graphyne molecule device
Authors: Neshani Sonay , Golzan Mir Maqsood , Ahmadi Mohamad Taghi
Published: October 2023

Graphyne, is an interesting carbon nanostructure, with unique properties such as high carrier mobility, thermal stability, and electronic band characteristics shaped by sp and sp2 hybridizations. Due to its intrinsic porous nature, graphyne exhibits higher phonon scattering, and lower thermal conductance compared to graphene, making it an excellent nominee to be investigated as an organic nanoscale thermoelectric material. In this study, we delve into the thermoelectric power properties of the ϒ2-Graphyne structures using the modeling and simulated approaches. Our modeling studies focus on unit cell base vector variation at temperatures higher and lower than the Fermi temperature, additionally, the hopping energy variation is calculated in the same temperatures. We have employed the semi-classical Boltzmann transport equation to analyze these effects, considering the relaxation time factor, as a way of exploring the phonon scatterings, and the changing system behavior. It is concluded structural variation leads to a change in the scattering mechanisms. ATK Quantum Wise simulations on three groups of ϒ2-Graphyne structures are carried out. In the first two groups, the influence of the electrode length and the asymmetry are investigated, but for the last group, only the main region variation is considered. Generally, the number of the unit cells in the main region is changed from one group to the other. The density of states, the transmission spectrum, and electrical conductance values are calculated moreover, the effect of the temperature on thermoelectric power for all groups of devices is simulated. The figure of merit (Z) values at room temperature for all the structures is determined and the highest value of ZT is for the device with one unit cell and asymmetric electrodes are reported.
Discrete sine-Gordon equation on metric graphs: A simple model for Josephson junction networks
Authors: Akramov M E , Yusupov J R , Askerzade I N , Matrasulov D U
Published: October 2023

We consider discrete sine-Gordon equation on branched domains. The latter is modeled in terms of the metric graphs with discrete bonds having the form of the branched 1D chains. Exact analytical solutions of the problem are obtained for special case of the constraints given in terms of a simple sum rule. Numerical solution is obtained when the constraint is not fulfilled. A simple model of a Josephson junction network is proposed using the obtained results.
Optical soliton solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation in the presence of chromatic dispersion with cubic-quintic-septic-nonicnonlinearities
Authors: Ozdemir Neslihan , Secer Aydin , Ozisik Muslum , Bayram Mustafa
Published: October 2023

In this study, one of our main subjects is the examination of optical solitons of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation having cubic-quintic-septic-nonic nonlinearities via the modified F-expansion method. The other subject is also the analysis of the impacts of some parameters in the model on the soliton shape, which is examined for the first time in this study. According to the modified F-expansion method, we select the suitable transformation to gain the nonlinear ordinary differential equation for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation having cubic-quintic-septic-nonic nonlinearities in the first stage. Then, we get a system consisting of linear equations in polynomial form with the aid of the modified F-expansion method. Various solution sets consisting of the parameters of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation having cubic-quintic-septic-nonic nonlinearities are achieved. Inserting the selected sets and transformations into the serial form of the presented method and utilizing the solutions of the auxiliary equation in the presented method, the optical soliton solutions of the model are derived. Furthermore, varied optical soliton solutions, such as anti-kink, singular, and bright, are achieved, and 3D and 2D projections of the generated soliton solutions have been illustrated. The impact of some parameters on each soliton behavior has also been examined. It is found that these parameters have a significant impact on the soliton structure.
Dark matter search with CMB: a study of foregrounds
Authors: Zhang Zi-Xuan , Wang Yi-Ming , Cang Junsong , Zhang Zirui , Liu Yang , Li Si-Yu , Gao Yu , Li Hong
Published: October 2023

The energy injected from dark matter annihilation and decay processes potentially raises the ionisation of the intergalactic medium and leaves visible footprints on the anisotropy maps of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Galactic foregrounds emission in the microwave bands contaminate the CMB measurement and may affect the search for dark matter's signature.
In this paper, we construct a full CMB data and foreground simulation based on the design of the next-generation ground-based CMB experiments. The foreground residual after the components separation on maps is fully considered in our data analysis, accounting for various contamination from the emission of synchrotron, thermal dust, free-free and spinning dust.
We analyse the corresponding sensitivity on dark matter parameters from the temperature and polarization maps, and we find that the CMB foregrounds leave a non-zero yet controllable impact on the sensitivity. Comparing with statistics-only analysis, the CMB foreground residual leads to a factor of at most 19% weakening on energy-injection constraints, depending on the specific dark matter process and experimental configuration. Strong limits on dark matter annihilation rate and decay lifetime can be expected after foreground subtraction.
The ice model on the three-dimensional Hanoi graph
Authors: Chang Shu-Chiuan , Chen Lung-Chi , Yang Zhi-Xiang
Published: October 2023

We study the ice model (with Boltzmann factors equal to one) on the 3D Hanoi graph H(n) at stage n. We derive recursive equations for functions that provide the number of configurations for each type of restricted arrow diagram. The total number of configurations I(n) can be computed exactly using these functions. The entropy per site in the thermodynamic limit is

S
H

=

2
3

ln
2
=
0.462
098
120
373
…

for H(n). This is comparable to the entropy per site

S

s
q

=

3
2

ln

4
3

=
0.431
523
108
677

…

for the square lattice (Lieb 1967 Phys. Rev. Lett.
18 692–4 and Lieb E H 1967 Phys. Rev.
162 162–72).
Low latency computing for time stretch instruments
Authors: Zhou Tingyi , Jalali Bahram
Published: October 2023

Time stretch instruments have been exceptionally successful in discovering single-shot ultrafast phenomena such as optical rogue waves and have led to record-speed microscopy, spectroscopy, lidar, etc. These instruments encode the ultrafast events into the spectrum of a femtosecond pulse and then dilate the time scale of the data using group velocity dispersion. Generating as much as Tbit per second of data, they are ideal partners for deep learning networks which by their inherent complexity, require large datasets for training. However, the inference time scale of neural networks in the millisecond regime is orders of magnitude longer than the data acquisition rate of time stretch instruments. This underscores the need to explore means where some of the lower-level computational tasks can be done while the data is still in the optical domain. The Nonlinear Schrödinger Kernel computing addresses this predicament. It utilizes optical nonlinearities to map the data onto a new domain in which classification accuracy is enhanced, without increasing the data dimensions. One limitation of this technique is the fixed optical transfer function, which prevents training and generalizability. Here we show that the optical kernel can be effectively tuned and trained by utilizing digital phase encoding of the femtosecond laser pulse leading to a reduction of the error rate in data classification.
A practical guide to loss measurements using the Fourier transform of the transmission spectrum
Authors: Thiel Hannah , Nardi Bianca , Schlager Alexander , Frick Stefan , Weihs Gregor
Published: October 2023

Analyzing the internal loss characteristics and multimodedness of (integrated) optical devices can prove difficult. One technique to recover this information is to Fourier transform the transmission spectrum of optical components. This article gives instruction on how to perform the transmission measurement, prepare the data, and interpret the Fourier spectrum. Our guide offers insights into the influence of sampling, windowing, zero padding as well as Fourier spectrum peak heights and shapes which are previously neglected in the literature but have considerable impact on the results of the method. For illustration, we apply the method to a Bragg-reflection waveguide. We find that the waveguide is multimodal with two modes having very similar group refractive indices but different optical losses.
Noise and dissipation on a moving mirror induced by the dynamical Casimir emission
Authors: Butera Salvatore
Published: October 2023

We adopt an open quantum system approach to study the effects of the back-reaction from a quantum field onto the dynamics of a moving mirror. We describe the coupling between the mirror and the field by using a microscopic model from which the dielectric response of the mirror is obtained from first principles. Using second-order perturbation theory, we derive the master equation governing the mechanical motion of the mirror. Our analysis reveals that the mirror experiences coloured noise and non-local dissipation, which originate from the emission of particle pairs via the dynamical Casimir effect. We show that the noise and dissipation kernels, that enter in the definition of the time-dependent coefficients of the master equation, are related by standard fluctuation-dissipation relations.
Design and optimization of vertical nanowire tunnel FET with electrostatic doping
Authors: Bhardwaj Anjana , Kumar Pradeep , Raj Balwinder , Kumar Naveen , Anand Sunny
Published: October 2023

While dealing with the nanoscale regime, most devices make sacrifices in terms of performance. So to meet the performance requirements, Electrostatic doped Vertical Nanowire Tunnel Field Effect Transistor (E-VNWTFET) is proposed and analysed in this work. The dimensions of Electrostatic VNWTFET structure are scaled down and then the analog performance parameters transconductance gm, gm2 (2nd order), gm3 (3rd order) and linearity parameters 2nd order Voltage Interception Point VIP2, 3rd order Voltage Interception Point VIP3, 3rd order Input Interception Point IIP3 and 3rd order Intermodulation Distortion IMD3 are analysed. It is observed that electrostatic technique of doping is better than charge plasma (CP) technique; because in CP technique costly metals are required for doping. The analog performance parameters of E-VNWTFET are investigated and using device simulation the demonstrated characteristics are compared with CP-VNWTFET. After simulation, the device exhibits ON current ION of 3.5 μA μm−1 and OFF current IOFF of 6.6 × 10−18 A μm−1; which offers a significant ION/IOFF of 1011. The reported subthreshold swing and Drain-induced barrier lowering DIBL are approx. 9.7 mV/Decade and 37.8 mV/V respectively.
Precipitation of hyponatremia and seizures by esmolol in sterile water formulation
Authors: Zavala Sarah , Kaminsky Nicole , Roels Cathrine
Published: October 2023

Purpose

Acute hyponatremia can lead to severe neurological symptoms such as confusion, obtundation, seizures, coma, and respiratory depression, contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. Patients with acute hyponatremia should be evaluated based on volume status and serum osmolality to determine potential causes and appropriate treatment. The aim of this case report is to illustrate the importance of using a multidisciplinary approach to evaluate medication formulation and the potential impact on a patient’s clinical course.

A 34-year-old male was admitted for type A aortic dissection and was treated with an esmolol infusion and underwent operative repair. Two days after initiation of esmolol, the patient developed seizures and antiepileptics were initiated. The patient’s serum sodium concentration was found to have decreased by a total of 14 mEq/L since admission. The patient had received more than 6 L of esmolol formulated in sterile water over the course of 2 days. The esmolol infusion was converted to another antihypertensive agent, and 0.9% sodium chloride injection was initiated, after which the serum sodium concentration began to recover. No further seizures were observed on continuous electroencephalography, and all antiepileptic drugs were discontinued with no seizure activity.

Conclusion

The esmolol product utilized in this case was formulated in 250 mL of sterile water, which is suspected to have contributed to the patient’s hyponatremia. It is important to be aware of the formulation and excipients of medications and their potential for adverse effects.
Iatrogenic aortic valve fenestration rupture following coronary angiography: a case report
Authors: Montandrau Olivier , Souffi Kenza , Besbes Tesnim , Salvi Susanna , Philip Ivan
Published: October 2023

Background

Aortic valve fenestration (AVF) is a relatively common anatomical variation, while its rupture is a rare cause of aortic regurgitation (AR), especially following coronary angiography. This case report highlights the importance of echocardiographic evaluation and multidisciplinary discussion for the differential diagnosis of fibroelastoma or endocarditis.

Case summary

A 66-year-old man presented with acute shortness of breath following coronary angiography for an inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Echocardiography revealed severe aortic regurgitation associated with a filamentous mobile structure on the non-coronary cusp. A multidisciplinary discussion was conducted to determine the cause of the AR, leading to the patient undergoing aortic valve replacement. A gross inspection of the valve confirmed AVF rupture.

Conclusion

Iatrogenic AVF rupture following coronary angiography is an exceptionally rare complication. Thorough echocardiographic evaluation plays a significant role in differentiating AVF rupture from other valve pathologies, such as fibroelastoma, Lambl’s excrescence, or endocarditis. Echocardiographic features, including a very thin, linear, and flail-like mobile lesion, the paracommissural location, frequent involvement of the non-coronary cusp, and an eccentric jet of the AR, are suggestive of AVF rupture. While medical history and clinical examination contribute to the diagnostic process, definitive diagnosis relies on surgery and anatomopathology.
Exogenous ʟ-tryptophan treatment increases the concentrations of melatonin and aroma compounds in grape berries and wine
Authors: Xiang Guangqing , Jia Runpu , Wang Fei , Wang Shengnan , Li Yifan , Yao Yuxin
Published: October 2023

l-Tryptophan (Trp) is a substrate for the biosynthesis of melatonin, and melatonin is a signal molecule that alters the secondary metabolite profile; whether Trp treatments promote the biosynthesis of melatonin to regulate aroma compounds in grape berries and wine remains unclear. Here, the content of melatonin was higher in Marselan grapes and wine than that in other grape cultivars. Marselan grapes were subjected to 30 different Trp treatments. The content of melatonin and aroma compounds in Marselan grapes was increased by several treatments. Increases in the content of volatiles were mainly driven by increases in aldehydes. Hexanal, the most abundant aldehyde compound, was the main contributor to increases in aldehydes following Trp treatment. The results of our study indicate that the root application of 250 mg/L l-tryptophan during the fruiting expansion stage and the spraying application of 50 mg/L l-tryptophan spray during the veraison stage were the optimal treatments because the content of melatonin and aroma compounds, as well as other basic quality parameters, were highest in Trp-treated grape berries and wine in these treatments. Overall, these two effective Trp treatments could be used to enhance the content of melatonin and aroma compounds in Marselan grapes, and this could increase the economic value of this cultivar.
Signatures of feedback in the spectacular extended emission region of NGC 5972
Authors: Harvey Thomas , Maksym W Peter , Keel William , Koss Michael , Bennert Vardha N , Chojnowski S Drew , Treister Ezequiel , Finlez Carolina , Lintott Chris J , Moiseev Alexei , Simmons Brooke D , Sartori Lia F , Urry Megan
Published: October 2023

We present Chandra X-ray Observatory observations and Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph spectra of NGC 5972, one of the 19 ‘Voorwerpjes’ galaxies. This galaxy contains an extended emission-line region (EELR) and an arcsecond scale nuclear bubble. NGC 5972 is a faded active galactic nucleus (AGN), with EELR luminosity suggesting a 2.1 dex decrease in Lbol in the last ∼5 × 104 yr. We investigate the role of AGN feedback in exciting the EELR and bubble given the long-term variability and potential accretion state changes. We detect broad-band (0.3–8 keV) X-ray emission in the near-nuclear regions, coincident with the [O iii] bubble, as well as diffuse soft X-ray emission coincident with the EELR. The soft nuclear (0.5–1.5 keV) emission is spatially extended and the spectra are consistent with two apec thermal populations (∼0.80 and ∼0.10 keV). We find a bubble age >2.2 Myr, suggesting formation before the current variability. We find evidence for efficient feedback with $P_{\textrm {kin}}/L_{\textrm {bol}}\sim 0.8~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, which may be overestimated given the recent Lbol variation. [O iii] kinematics show a 300 km s−1 high-ionization velocity consistent with disturbed rotation or potentially the line-of-sight component of a ∼780 km s−1 thermal X-ray outflow capable of driving strong shocks to photoionize the precursor material. We explore possibilities to explain the overall jet, radio lobe and EELR misalignment including evidence for a double supermassive black hole which could support a complex misaligned system.
The global mismatch between equitable carbon dioxide removal liability and capacity
Authors: Yang Pu , Mi Zhifu , Wei Yi-Ming , Hanssen Steef V , Liu Lan-Cui , Coffman D’Maris , Sun Xinlu , Liao Hua , Yao Yun-Fei , Kang Jia-Ning , Wang Peng-Tao , Davis Steven J
Published: October 2023

Limiting climate change to 1.5°C and achieving net-zero emissions would entail substantial carbon dioxide removal (CDR) from the atmosphere by the mid-century, but how much CDR is needed at country level over time is unclear. The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed description of when and how much CDR is required at country level in order to achieve 1.5°C and how much CDR countries can carry out domestically. We allocate global CDR pathways among 170 countries according to 6 equity principles and assess these allocations with respect to countries’ biophysical and geophysical capacity to deploy CDR. Allocating global CDR to countries based on these principles suggests that CDR will, on average, represent ∼4% of nations’ total emissions in 2030, rising to ∼17% in 2040. Moreover, equitable allocations of CDR, in many cases, exceed implied land and carbon storage capacities. We estimate ∼15% of countries (25) would have insufficient land to contribute an equitable share of global CDR, and ∼40% of countries (71) would have insufficient geological storage capacity. Unless more diverse CDR technologies are developed, the mismatch between CDR liabilities and land-based CDR capacities will lead to global demand for six GtCO2 carbon credits from 2020 to 2050. This demonstrates an imperative demand for international carbon trading of CDR.
The Potassium Phosphite-Based Fungicide Canon Controls Basil Downy Mildew Under Greenhouse Conditions in Israel
Authors: Nitzan Nadav , Goren Hezi
Published: October 2023

Sweet basil downy mildew (BDM), caused by Peronospora belbahrii, is the most destructive disease of commercially produced sweet basil in Israel and, unless properly managed, may lead to 100% yield reduction. Four experiments were conducted over three growing seasons (fall 2021, fall 2022, and spring 2023) under commercial-like conditions to determine the efficacy of the phosphonic acid-based fungicide Canon following a conservative, 7-day protective spraying protocol. Although Canon did not eradicate the pathogen, treated plants had 41 to 99.9% less ( P < 0.05) disease incidence and/or severity than the untreated control plants. The disease scores on plants treated with Canon were similar ( P > 0.05) to an alternation of Revus/Cabrio in fall 2021, less ( P < 0.05) than Revus in fall 2022, and higher ( P < 0.05) than an alternation of Acrobat/Cabrio at the end of the spring 2023 experiment. The inhibitory effect of Canon, its short preharvest application interval, and its low cost compared with other fungicides make it an excellent addition and a potential replacement for controlling BDM under greenhouse conditions that should be further explored.