bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nano-scale imaging of dual stable isotope labeled oxaliplatin in human colon cancer cells reveals the nucleolus as a putative node for therapeutic effect
Authors: Legin Anton A. , Schintlmeister Arno , Sommerfeld Nadine S. , Eckhard Margret , Theiner Sarah , Reipert Siegfried , Strohhofer Daniel , Jakupec Michael A. , Galanski Mathea S. , Wagner Michael , Keppler Bernhard K.
Published: November 2020

Correlated imaging by means of NanoSIMS and electron microscopy reveals the distribution of stable isotope labeled oxaliplatin in cancer cells.
DAP derived fatty acid amide organogelators as novel carrier for drug incorporation and pH-responsive release
Authors: Yadav Eqvinshi , Khatana Anil Kumar , Sebastian Sharol , Gupta Manoj K.
Published: November 2020

Low-molecular mass fatty acid amide gelators were synthesized using 2,6-diaminopyridine as a linker and alkyl chains of varying lengths. The prepared organogel-elusions are able to trap and release ibuprofen molecule without changing its structure and activity.
Self-healing hydrogel sensors with multiple shape memory properties for human motion monitoring
Authors: Chen Yuewen , Dai Shengping , Zhu Hao , Hu Hongwei , Yuan Ningyi , Ding Jianning
Published: November 2020

Shape memory hydrogels offer new opportunities for the development of smart wearables due to their intelligent responsiveness.
Correction: Isosorbide monoacrylate: a sustainable monomer for the production of fully bio-based polyacrylates and thermosets
Authors: Nonque Florine , Sahut Audrey , Jacquel Nicolas , Saint-Loup René , Woisel Patrice , Potier Jonathan
Published: November 2020

Correction for ‘Isosorbide monoacrylate: a sustainable monomer for the production of fully bio-based polyacrylates and thermosets’ by Florine Nonque et al., Polym. Chem., 2020, 11, 6903–6909, DOI: 10.1039/D0PY00957A.
Approach to nigericin derivatives and their therapeutic potential
Authors: Sahu Amit Kumar , Said Madhukar S. , Hingamire Tejashri , Gaur Megha , Khan Abujunaid , Shanmugam Dhanasekaran , Barvkar Vitthal T. , Dharne Mahesh S. , Bharde Atul A. , Dastager Syed G.
Published: November 2020

A new nigericin analogue that has been chemically modified was synthesized through a fluorination process from the parent nigericin, produced from a novel Streptomyces strain DASNCL-29.
Environmentally exploitable biocide/fluorescent metal marker carbon quantum dots
Authors: Ahmed Hanan B. , Emam Hossam E.
Published: November 2020

Synthesis of biocide/fluorescent metal marker carbon quantum dots with hydrophilic character for the detection of Zn2+and Hg2+.
Structural conversion of three copper(ii) complexes with snapshot observations based on the different crystal colours and morphology
Authors: Su Hao , Li Zhongkui , Tan Junrui , Ma Hongwei , Yan Li , Li Hui
Published: November 2020

Structural conversion of three novel Cu(ii) complexes [Cu2(L)2(MeOH)2] (1), [Cu2(L)2(H2O)2] (2) and [CuL(H2O)] (3) (L = (E)-2-((2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)amino)acetic acid) in different time scales of reaction processing.
Tuning the structural properties of cadmium–aluminum layered double hydroxide for enhanced photocatalytic dye degradation
Authors: Saliba Daniel , El Jamal Salah Eddin , Jonderian Antranik , Ammar Manal , Hmadeh Mohamad , Al-Ghoul Mazen
Published: November 2020

Hierarchical structures of Cd Al LDH of various cationic ratios of Cd : Al are successfully synthesized via the reaction diffusion framework. The obtained microspheres are investigated for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue.
Recent progress in ammonia fuel cells and their potential applications
Authors: Jeerh Georgina , Zhang Mengfei , Tao Shanwen
Published: November 2020

This review features a thorough overview of direct ammonia fuel cells with focus on the effects of electrolyte, electrocatalyst and operating temperature. Remaining challenges and potential applications for this technology are highlighted.
Adaptable ionic liquid-containing supramolecular hydrogel with multiple sensations at subzero temperatures
Authors: Li Bo , Kan Lei , Li Chao , Li Wei , Zhang Yihan , Li Rui , Wei Hao , Zhang Xinyue , Ma Ning
Published: November 2020

There is a challenge to prepare a hydrogel devoted to fabricate a form of multi-responsive skin-like sensors piggybacking on tactile controlled robots, which could grab the soft and fragile items at subzero temperatures.
Stability of Smyd1 in endothelial cells is controlled by PML-dependent SUMOylation upon cytokine stimulation
Authors: Becker Samuel , Steinemann Gustav , Karle Weronika , Roos Kerrin , Liem Celine Huajia , Muralikumar Shalini , Volkamer Andrea , Munz Barbara , Zakrzewicz Andreas , Berkholz Janine
Published: November 2020

Smyd1 is an epigenetic modulator of gene expression that has been well-characterized in muscle cells. It was recently reported that Smyd1 levels are modulated by inflammatory processes. Since inflammation affects the vascular endothelium, this study aimed to characterize Smyd1 expression in endothelial cells. We detected Smyd1 in human endothelial cells (HUVEC and EA.hy926 cells), where the protein was largely localized in PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs). By transfection of EA.hy926 cells with expression vectors encoding Smyd1, PML, SUMO1, active or mutant forms of the SUMO protease SuPr1 and/or the SUMO-conjugation enzyme UBC9, as well as Smyd1- or PML-specific siRNAs, in the presence or absence of the translation blocker cycloheximide or the proteasome-inhibitor MG132, and supported by computational modeling, we show that Smyd1 is SUMOylated in a PML-dependent manner and thereby addressed for degradation in proteasomes. Furthermore, transfection with Smyd1-encoding vectors led to PML up-regulation at the mRNA level, while PML transfection lowered Smyd1 protein stability. Incubation of EA.hy926 cells with the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α resulted in a constant increase in Smyd1 mRNA and protein over 24 h, while incubation with IFN-γ induced a transient increase in Smyd1 expression, which peaked at 6 h and decreased to control values within 24 h. The IFN-γ-induced increase in Smyd1 was accompanied by more Smyd1 SUMOylation and more/larger PML-NBs. In conclusion, our data indicate that in endothelial cells, Smyd1 levels are regulated through a negative feedback mechanism based on SUMOylation and PML availability. This molecular control loop is stimulated by various cytokines.
The development of proteinase-activated receptor-2 modulators and the challenges involved
Authors: McIntosh Kathryn A. , Cunningham Margaret R. , Bushell Trevor , Plevin Robin
Published: November 2020

Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) has been extensively studied since its discovery in the mid-1990. Despite the advances in understanding PAR2 pharmacology, it has taken almost 25 years for the first inhibitor to reach clinical trials, and so far, no PAR2 antagonist has been approved for human use. Research has employed classical approaches to develop a wide array of PAR2 agonists and antagonists, consisting of peptides, peptoids and antibodies to name a few, with a surge in patent applications over this period. Recent breakthroughs in PAR2 structure determination has provided a unique insight into proposed PAR2 ligand binding sites. Publication of the first crystal structures of PAR2 resolved in complex with two novel non-peptide small molecule antagonists (AZ8838 and AZ3451) revealed two distinct binding pockets, originally presumed to be allosteric sites, with a PAR2 antibody (Fab3949) used to block tethered ligand engagement with the peptide-binding domain of the receptor. Further studies have proposed orthosteric site occupancy for AZ8838 as a competitive antagonist. One company has taken the first PAR2 antibody (MEDI0618) into phase I clinical trial (NCT04198558). While this first-in-human trial is at the early stages of the assessment of safety, other research into the structural characterisation of PAR2 is still ongoing in an attempt to identify new ways to target receptor activity. This review will focus on the development of novel PAR2 modulators developed to date, with an emphasis placed upon the advances made in the pharmacological targeting of PAR2 activity as a strategy to limit chronic inflammatory disease.
Engineering with NanoLuc: a playground for the development of bioluminescent protein switches and sensors
Authors: Biewenga Lieuwe , Rosier Bas J.H.M. , Merkx Maarten
Published: November 2020

The small engineered luciferase NanoLuc has rapidly become a powerful tool in the fields of biochemistry, chemical biology, and cell biology due to its exceptional brightness and stability. The continuously expanding NanoLuc toolbox has been employed in applications ranging from biosensors to molecular and cellular imaging, and currently includes split complementation variants, engineering techniques for spectral tuning, and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer-based concepts. In this review, we provide an overview of state-of-the-art NanoLuc-based sensors and switches with a focus on the underlying protein engineering approaches. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various strategies with respect to sensor sensitivity, modularity, and dynamic range of the sensor and provide a perspective on future strategies and applications.
Energy efficiency of multi-apartment residential houses with individual heat supply
Authors: Melnikov Vladimir , Navaseltsau Uladzimir , Navaseltsava Dzina
Published: November 2020

Centralized hot water systems widely used in Russia and Belarus are characterized by a considerable length and branching which inevitably leads to increased heat losses and to an unstable hydraulic system. The operation of the domestic hot water system in the circulation mode can be characterized by several parameters; one of which is the specific ratio of the cost of thermal energy for heating a cubic meter of hot water. The parameter is often regulated by law in Russia; exceeding this parameter is considered as administrative violation. The aim of the research is to determine the design and actual costs of thermal energy for hot water supply (hot water heating) and their comparison, analysis of the data obtained. The methodology for determining the design and real costs of thermal energy for hot water supply was to study the operation of the hot water supply system of a residential 144-apartment 9-storey building. The research showed that the actual circulating flow rate is much less than the calculated circulating flow rate. The authors note that in order to optimize the standard for heating a cubic meter of water it is necessary to observe the calculated circulation modes. This will require stabilization of the hydraulic systems of both the external and internal networks which is a difficult but feasible task. The research results are supposed to be taken into account when setting up existing hot water supply systems.
Climate Resource Potential to Develop Solar Power in Belarus
Authors: Meshyk Aleh , Barushka Maryna , Marozava Viktoryia , Sarkynov Erbol , Meshyk Anastasiya
Published: November 2020

The work analyses climate resources that can potentially be used to develop solar power in Belarus efficiently. The authors determine space-time variability of radiation regime including such parameters as solar irradiance, atmosphere transparency, sunshine duration, cloud cover patterns, etc. The efficiency of solar power generators is assessed by taking into account the number of clear days with low cloud cover per year, sunshine duration per month, and solar irradiance of a horizontal surface in the daytime.
Effect of calcium sulfoaluminate additive on linear deformation at different humidity and strength of cement mortars
Authors: Abdulwahid Al-Musawi Kadhim , Bindhu Abraham Kottayil , Potses Tatsiana , Sergey Leonovich , M Beulah , Obolewich Jerzy
Published: November 2020

The effect of calcium Sulfoaluminate additives (CSA) on the compression and bending strength of mortar, as well as linear deformation of prism samples at different environmental humidity was studied. Test results indicate that bending strength of mortars with CSA and the referent at the age of 28 days are practically equal. Compressive strength of mortars with CSA reduced by 20 ... 23% for all dosages of CSA. Relative linear deformations depend on the humidity of the environment. At a humidity of 100%, the relative linear deformations are positive and the expansion increases with increasing dosage of the expanding additive. When hardening in dry air at a humidity of 55%, the greatest shrinkage deformations were observed for mortars with CSA. We can conclude that the expanding effect of CSA is fully manifested at high humidity, i.e. under construction conditions, this means very high-quality moisture care for concrete structures.
The transparent discolored glass for industrial and high-speed transport
Authors: Khazhiakhmetova Regina , Kashuba Indira , Vlasova Svetlana , Kapustin Fyodor , Hela Rudolf
Published: November 2020

Glasses for transport and test cabins are synthesized from various batches of raw materials with an equivalent addition of complexing discolourers. The effect of cerium oxide and potassium nitrate on the properties of silicate glasses is studied. Measurement of the optical characteristics of glasses shows that the light transmittance increases to 90-93% (λ = 500-750 Nm), and there is no image distortion. In addition, it was found that the introduction of additional additives to the charge in the case of each specific composition leads to an increase in hydrolytic stability and mechanical strength, which is important for transport engineering.
Dynamic Nanostructuring of the Steel Surface Under High-Speed Thermal Heating
Authors: Brover Andrey , Brover Galina , Moysova Olga , Yankovskaya Valeriya
Published: November 2020

The research depicts structural picture of the steel surface layers after pulsed laser treatment with surface reflow. There are factors contributing to the dispersion of forming crystals to the nanoscale level. There is also found interdependence of nanostructure and laser-irradiated products strength characteristics.
Heat treatment as a method of restoring of the material 15Cr12WNiMoV after operational processes
Authors: Berdnik O. B. , Tsareva I. N. , Krivina L. A.
Published: November 2020

The article presents the results of studies of the post-operational state of the turbine rotor blade material of the power plant (operating time is about 30000 hours). High-temperature fatigue processes occurring in the heat-resistant steel 15Cr12WNiМoV have been studied. These processes manifested themselves in changing microstructure and mechanical characteristics. Various heat treatment modes were tested to regenerate the structure and restore the mechanical properties of the alloy in order to develop the scientific foundations of the resource-saving technology of turbine blades.
X-ray spectral microanalysis of X13 steel powders obtained by electroerosive dispersion
Authors: Ageeva E. V. , Khardikov S. V. , Novikov A. N.
Published: November 2020

Chromium is the most common alloying element. Chromium alloyed steel has increased strength, hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance in aggressive and oxidizing environments. The process of obtaining powder materials by the method of electroerosion dispersion favorably differs by the possibility of obtaining powders even from very hard and refractory materials. In the case of grinding material with this method, the only important criterion is the electrical conductivity of the material being ground. Worn parts and other scrap can be used as feedstock during the process. The purpose of the study is to investigate the powder, obtained from the waste of chromium-containing steels. Thanks to the study of the used powder samples on modern devices, results were obtained indicating that the chromium powder obtained by the method of electroerosive dispersion can be reused to restore and strengthen the machine parts.
Assessment of components to ensure the security of control and diagnostic information about technological processes
Authors: Kotenko Igor , Parashchuk Igor
Published: November 2020

The features of the technique are considered to ensure the security of control and diagnostic information about technological processes is carried out. As an example, a theoretical and experimental assessment of the component realizing this technique is fulfilled. The component of elimination of incompleteness and inconsistency of data analysis (within the framework of the system of their intelligent analytical processing) is analyzed. This component is assessed in terms of expert knowledge and judgments about the quality of software, based on formulated and substantiated quality indicators, taking into account the functional and other requirements for this component. The generalized integral quality indicator and the general quality class of the component are determined.
Experimental study on thermal performance in three-flow cooling tower
Authors: Madyshev Ilnur , Sabanaev Ildar , Kharkov Vitaly , Ganiev Lenar , Dmitriev Andrey
Published: November 2020

Biofouling can significantly deteriorate the efficiency of cooling towers. A cooling tower with a three-flow cooling circuit has been developed. The fill pack consists of inclined-corrugated contact elements with perforation. One of the advantages of the proposed cooling tower is the possibility of uniform distribution of liquid over the cross-sectional area. The paper represents the results of an experimental study of the thermal performance of the three-flow cooling tower. It was found that when the wetting rate of the liquid increases, the thermal performance of the cooling tower can reach 47.8%. The developed three-flow cooling tower allows excluding the propagation of microorganisms and reducing the biofouling of industrial water systems along with the high performance for circulating water.
Advantages and disadvantages of morphological methods in engineering
Authors: Rakov Dmitry
Published: November 2020

The morphological methods are successful analytical and practical tools for development and choice of new engineering solutions. They can be successfully used in the conceptual and preliminary design stages of the development of new systems, products and technologies. The article discusses the scope of application, classification, advantages and disadvantages of this approach. The design process consists of two stages - structural synthesis and parametric optimization. The morphological approach is used for the structural synthesis stage. Structural synthesis generates a significant number of variants. This stage is the most important tool for achieving the high characteristics of the systems being designed. The article discusses the ratios between parametric, structural and structural-parametric methods of synthesis. The possibility of computerizing the stage of structural synthesis on morphological approach is discussed.
Causes of destruction of continuous welded rail tracks
Authors: Gertsyk Svetlana , Volgina Natalya
Published: November 2020

The main causes of destruction of continuous welded rail tracks, the main types of their destruction and the causes of their occurrence are considered. The technologies for the manufacture of rails are analyzed, including heat treatment along the entire length of the rail, treatment of the ends of the rail, surface hardening and anti-flake treatment. To increase the durability of rail tracks, a number of measures have been proposed.
Geometrical features of micro milling cutters for machining of medical components made of titanium alloys
Authors: Isaev Alexander , Khamzin Ramil , Minin Ilya , Pivkin Petr , Leonesio Marco
Published: November 2020

Micromachining is an increasingly important material cutting process which is performed on workpieces in micro-scale. It is widely used in rapidly developing advanced areas like electronic, aerospace and medical industries. In medical industry, micromachining is applied for producing instruments, joint implants and dentures. The medical components should be made only of biologically compatible and hard-to- machine materials such as cobalt and nickel based alloys, ceramics and titanium alloys. For manufacturing medical components, small-sized end mills with working diameter of less than 1 mm are often used. Such micro milling cutters impose difficulties on the mechanical micromachining process. To determine the functional relationships between structural strength, cutting properties and geometry of a micro milling cutter, a mathematical model is derived in this paper. Before experimental phase, the calculation of cutting forces was performed as this will reduce the time to determine the optimal cutting data and maximize the tool life.
Concrete rubble recycling in life cycle contract implementation
Authors: Goncharova Margarita A. , Pankov Alexey E. , Al-Surraiwyab Hameed Ghalib Hussain , Dergunova Elena S.
Published: November 2020

It is known that during the whole life cycle of a building it is necessary to take a responsible approach to the organization and management of construction processes at the present stage of construction. The reasons for the low use of construction waste were analyzed. It is shown that screenings of concrete scrap are the least demanded. The results of researches connected with utilizing concrete scrap to obtain building composites with high functional, economic and environmental efficiency were reflected.
Creating a digital twin of an agricultural machine
Authors: Nemtinov Kirill , Eruslanova Maria , Zazulya Alexander , Nemtinova Yulia , Salih Haider Sabah
Published: November 2020

In this paper, the authors developed an approach to creating a digital twin or an electronic model of complex agricultural machinery and proposed its structure as a set of frames. It is represented by a tuple that includes: a frame describing structural composition of the technical system under consideration; a frame describing the properties that characterize it as a whole; a set of ways to determine its properties; a set of attributive characteristics; a set of parametric graphic models of elements and a set of two-dimensional drawings. Examples of digital twins of agricultural machinery are given: a combined unit for soil preparation and sowing of grain crops and a unit for cleaning and calibration of grain seeds.
Correlation Between Traumatic Skin and Subcutaneous Injuries and the Severity of Polytrauma Injury
Authors: Klempka Anna , Fischer Christian , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Weber Marc-André
Published: November 2020

Purpose To examine the relationship between superficial lesions (such as bruises, hematomas, deep abrasions, and soft tissue emphysema) and internal post-traumatic injuries, assessed using whole-body computed tomography (WBCT), and to determine if these are valid markers for internal injuries.

Methods and Materials 250 patients who underwent WBCT emergency scans for suspected polytrauma were retrospectively analyzed after institutional review board approval of the study. The scans were carried out on patients who met the criteria for standard operating procedures for WBCT emergency scans. WBCT covering the entire head, neck, chest, and abdomen (including pelvis and proximal lower extremities) and at least one phase with intravenous contrast agent were included in the study. Initial analyses of immediate WBCT scans was carried out by a consultant radiologist and a radiological resident. The first reading focused on internal damage that needed immediate therapy. The second reading focused on a detailed analysis of the skin and subcutaneous tissue and their relation to internal injuries without the time pressure of an emergency setting, carried out by another experienced radiologist. All skin lesions and the degree of penetration and a comparison between the two readings were reported in tables.

Results Superficial lesion of the chest was detected in 19 patients, 17 of them had an internal injury of the thorax while only two patients, with hematoma of the chest wall, had no internal injuries. Skin and subcutaneous lesions of the chest had the strongest association with an internal injury. Skin lesions of the abdominal wall were observed in 30 patients. In only 11 cases, these lesions were correlated with internal injuries, such as fractures or active bleeding. 52 skin and subgaleal lesions of the scalp were observed. In 20 of these patients, an intracranial or internal injury was detected. In 3 patients, skin abrasions of the neck were present and in only one of them, this finding was associated with an internal injury.

Conclusion Trauma patients whose history and clinical presentation meet the standard operating procedures for WBCT emergency scans and who present with a cutaneous lesion, especially at the neurocranium or chest wall, should be observed for internal injuries by WBCT.

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Citation Format
„Es gibt so gut wie keine Physiotherapie in Gambia“ – Interview mit Hildegard Winkler
Authors: Raß Lisa
Published: November 2020

Mit knapp zwei Millionen Einwohnern ist Gambia das kleinste Land Afrikas. Ein Großteil der Einwohner leidet unter Armut und Hunger. Die medizinische Versorgung ist schwierig und Physiotherapie für viele ein Fremdwort. Physiotherapeutin Hildegard Winkler reist trotz aller Umstände regelmäßig an die Uniklinik nach Banjul, unterstützt bei Behandlungen und gibt Fortbildungen.
Development of a Patient-Oriented Organizational Management System for Intravitreal Injection Therapy in a Standardized “Treat-and-Extend” Regime at a University Eye Clinic
Authors: Framme Carsten , Greb Oliver , Bayer Sascha , Buley Pascal , Pielen Amelie , Hufendiek Katerina , Junker Bernd , Volkmann Ingo
Published: November 2020

Background The treatment of macular edema with intravitreal injections has revolutionized the treatment of associated diseases in ophthalmology. However, with a few exceptions, this is a chronic treatment where patients require many injections and usually need to stay in treatment for years. Patient adherence and control of patient flow are critical to treatment success. In this manuscript, we describe the development of a patient-oriented organization management for intravitreal injections in a university hospital.

Material and Methods In 2015, the intravitreal treatment in our clinic was switched to the treat-and-extend regime. At the same time, the optimization of the previous organizational processes in perioperative management was evaluated. For the period 2015 to 2018, we analyzed and gradually optimized the procedures of our intravitreal injection therapy in a survey with a specialized service provider.

Results Through the analysis of the original processes, the patient appointment was optimized, work processes were summarized, spatially reorganized and there was only a slight increase in the number of staff involved compared with the significant increase in the number of injections. Through these measures, the total in-hospital-time of the patients could be drastically reduced and at the same time the number of patients on one operation day could be multiplied.

Conclusion In the context of chronic treatment with intravitreal injections, the care of an increased number of patients is a logistical challenge. By optimizing processes, existing resources can be better used to meet the increased demands. An optimized system offers the patient greater adherence and a better visual outcome largely independent of the medication used.
Smart Homes – Intelligente Systeme im häuslichen Umfeld
Authors: Harst Lorenz , Wollschlaeger Bastian
Published: November 2020

„Smart Home“ ist Trend – doch es ist oft nicht wirklich klar, worum es sich dabei handelt und wem es überhaupt nützt. Dieser Artikel erklärt die Hintergründe von Smart Home und gibt einen Einblick in die vielfältigen Möglichkeiten von intelligenter Technik im eigenen Zuhause.
Gold Catalysis of Non-Conjugated Haloacetylenes
Authors: Haberhauer Gebhard , Siera Hannah , Semleit Nina , Kreuzahler Mathis , Wölper Christoph
Published: November 2020

Gold-catalyzed reactions of conjugated haloacetylenes are well known and usually result in the formation of addition or dimerization products. Herein, we report a gold-catalyzed reaction of non-conjugated­ haloacetylenes, which leads exclusively to the halogenated cyclization products. Remarkable is the gold-catalyzed reaction of tritylhaloacetylenes to haloindene derivatives, as mechanistic studies reveal that an 1,2-aryl shift occurs in the initially formed gold complex. The potential functionalization at the halogen atom and the wide scope of these cyclization reactions make them an attractive method for the construction of cyclic systems.
No dejemos morir al hueso: interiorizándonos con los procesos óseos avasculares
Authors: Mena Karen , Mendoza Margareth , Galván Juan Manuel , Jeanmaire Esteban , Ferrari Luciana , Cobeñas Ricardo
Published: November 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una revisión de las localizaciones, causas y hallazgos radiológicos específicos de los procesos avasculares óseos.

Se define como isquemia ósea a las alteraciones ocasionadas por déficit de irrigación, llevando a la destrucción del hueso. Existen diferencias entre necrosis isquémica e infarto óseo, en base al sitio óseo de afectación. La etiología traumática es la más frecuente y suele ser unilateral. Los sitios de presentación más frecuentes son: cabeza femoral y humeral, rodilla y semilunar.

La resonancia magnética (RM) es considerada la modalidad de imagen más sensible y específica, tanto para el diagnóstico temprano como estadificación y control.

El conocimiento de las causas, características radiológicas y sus diferentes fases evitan el diagnóstico erróneo de otras etiologías, como las primarias o infecciosas, facilitando un correcto algoritmo terapéutico.
Extended Anterolateral Infralabyrinthine Transjugular Approach for Microsurgical Resection of Giant Glomus Vagale Tumor: Operative Video and Technical Nuances
Authors: Liu James K. , Zhao Kevin , Baredes Soly , Jyung Robert W.
Published: November 2020

Glomus vagale tumor is a paraganglioma of the vagus nerve. It is a rare type of benign tumor that occupies the head and neck and skull base regions. Patients often present with lower cranial nerve dysfunctions such as difficulty swallowing, tongue weakness, and hoarseness. Surgical treatment can be complex and difficult due to its high vascularity, frequent involvement of lower cranial nerves, and surrounding critical vascular structures. In this operative video, we demonstrate an extended anterolateral infralabyrinthine transjugular approach for microsurgical resection of a giant glomus vagale tumor in a 53-year-old male who presented with an enlarging neck mass, difficulty swallowing, right tongue weakness, and hoarseness. Imaging revealed a giant glomus vagale tumor in the right parapharyngeal space extending into the jugular foramen with occlusion of the internal jugular vein. After preoperative embolization, the patient underwent a near-total resection of the tumor with a small microscopic residual at the pars nervosa. In summary, the extended anterolateral infralabyrinthine transjugular approach is a useful strategy for removal of giant glomus vagale tumors extending into the skull base. The surgical technique and nuances are described in a step-by-step fashion in this illustrative operative video.

The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/L0EosQK95LE.
Short-Term Effects of Isometric Quadriceps Muscle Exercise with Auditory and Visual Feedback on Pain, Physical Function, and Performance after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kondo Yasutaka , Yoshida Yoshihiro , Iioka Takashi , Kataoka Hideki , Sakamoto Junya , Hirase Tatsuya , Honda Yuichiro , Nawata Atsushi , Okita Minoru
Published: November 2020

Severe acute pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) may cause delay in muscle strength and functional recovery, and it is a risk factor for chronic postoperative pain. Although pharmacological approaches are the typical firstline to treat acute pain; recently, nonpharmacological approaches such as exercise have been increasingly applied. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of a rehabilitation program involving isometric quadriceps exercise with auditory and visual feedback to improve the short-term outcome after TKA. Sixty-two patients, planning a primary unilateral TKA, were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (n = 31) involving isometric quadriceps exercise with auditory and visual feedback in usual rehabilitation after TKA or a control group (n = 31) involving a standardized program for TKA. Patients in the intervention group performed the isometric quadriceps muscle exercise using the Quadriceps Training Machine from 2 to 14 days after TKA instead of the traditional quadriceps sets. Pain intensity, isometric knee extension strength, range of motion, timed up and go test (TUG), 10-m gait speed, 6-minute walking distance, the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis index (WOMAC), the hospital anxiety and depression scale, and the pain catastrophizing scale were assessed before TKA (baseline) and 1 to 3 weeks after TKA. Pain intensity significantly decreased in the intervention group than in the control group at 1 (p = 0.005), 2 (p = 0.002), and 3 (p = 0.010) weeks after TKA. Greater improvements in TUG (p = 0.036), 10-m gait speed (p = 0.047), WOMAC total score (p = 0.017), pain (p = 0.010), and function (p = 0.028) 3 weeks after TKA were observed in the intervention group. These results suggest that isometric quadriceps exercises with auditory and visual feedback provided early knee pain relief, possibly leading to better improvements in physical performance, and patient's perception of physical function in the early stages of postoperative TKA. Further studies should investigate whether this short-term effect is sustainable.
Treatment of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Tibial Avulsion: A New Modified Open Direct Lateral Posterior Approach
Authors: Keyhani Sohrab , Soleymanha Mehran , Salari Amir
Published: November 2020

The optimal operative technique for the treatment of the tibial-side avulsion injuries of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is debatable. This study was aimed to evaluate the postoperative outcomes and complications if any after an open direct, posterolateral approach using cannulated cancellous screw fixation of a PCL tibial avulsion. From January 2016 to June 2018, 17 patients (14 males and 3 females) with PCL avulsion fraction treatment—who underwent open reduction and internal fixation using cannulated cancellous screws—were included in this prospective study. A direct posterolateral approach in the prone position was used in all cases. The Lysholm's knee score and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score were assessed preoperatively and during regular follow-up examinations for at least 1 year (12–20 months) postoperatively. All patients had fracture union and all of their knees were stable upon physical examination. No nerve or blood vessel injuries occurred. The mean Lysholm's scores and mean IKDC scores were improved significantly at the last follow-up. This study provides evidence that open direct posterolateral approach may be reliable for the treatment of tibial-sided bony PCL avulsion fractures. This approach can provide direct visualization of the posterior capsule and PCL avulsion site associated with good reduction and stable fixation, easy application of the screws directly from posterior to anteriorly without extensive soft tissue damage. Nevertheless, long-term follow-up is recommended.
A re-examination of William Hann's Northern Expedition of 1872 to Cape York Peninsula, Queensland
Authors: Taylor Peter Illingworth , Huxley Nicole
Published: November 2020

William Hann’s Northern Expedition set off on 26 June 1872 from Mount Surprise, a pastoral station west of Townsville, to determine the mineral and agricultural potential of Cape York Peninsula. The expedition was plagued by disharmony and there was later strong criticism of the leadership and its failure to provide any meaningful analysis of the findings. The authors (a descendent of Norman Taylor, expedition geologist, and a descendent of Jerry, Indigenous guide and translator) use documentary sources and traditional knowledge to establish the role of Jerry in the expedition. They argue that while Hann acknowledged Jerry’s assistance to the expedition, his role has been downplayed by later commentators.
Impact of long-term conservation agriculture induced changes in soil properties on persistence of pendimethalin under different cropping systems
Authors: Babal Bhawna , Phogat Ved K. , Sharma Manoj K. , Ahlawat Sushil
Published: November 2020

Increasing use of herbicides in modern agriculture poses potential risks of crop phytotoxicity, contamination of land and water resources, and adverse impacts on human and ecosystem health. Apart from climatic conditions and soil properties, agronomic practices can significantly influence the persistence of herbicides in soil. Therefore, we assessed the impact of 13-year conservation agriculture (CA) on soil properties as well as on the fate (persistence and leaching) of pendimethalin herbicide in an alluvial sandy loam soil (Typic Haplustept) in comparison with an intensively tillage-based conventional system. The experiment involved two cropping systems (mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)–wheat as summer and winter crops respectively) and three tillage practices: zero tillage with crop residue retention in both summer and winter seasons (ZT-ZT), conventional tillage in summer and zero tillage with residue retention in winter (CT-ZT) and conventional tillage in both seasons (CT-CT). The adoption of ZT-ZT system resulted in a 24% increase in infiltration rate, 13% greater moisture retention and 69% higher organic carbon content in surface (0–0.05 m) soil over CT-CT. In contrast, under the CT-ZT treatment, only a small change in the above soil properties was observed, which indicated that the benefits associated with CA were negated as soon as the soil was tilled in the subsequent season. In terms of herbicide leaching, under ZT-ZT, a greater fraction (4.1% vs 2.6%) of pendimethalin residues percolated down into the subsurface soil (0.15–0.30 m) than under the CT-CT system, most likely due to greater pore connectivity with the zero-till situation. However, there was a non-significant difference in the overall dissipation of the herbicide from the surface soil (0–0.05 m) under different systems. The field study illustrated that long-term adoption of CA under mungbean–wheat and sorghum–wheat cropping systems can lead to a significant change in soil properties and these in turn can influence the fate of herbicides in soils.
Resonant gravitational waves in dynamical Chern–Simons–axion gravity
Authors: Fujita Tomohiro , Obata Ippei , Tanaka Takahiro , Yamada Kei
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we consider dynamical Chern–Simons gravity with the identification of the scalar field coupled though the Pontryagin density with the axion dark matter, and we discuss the effects of the parametric resonance on gravitational waves (GWs). When we consider GWs in a coherently oscillating axion cloud, we confirm that significant resonant amplification of GWs occurs in a narrow frequency band, and the amplification is restricted to the late epoch after the passage of the incident waves. We also identify the condition that an axion cloud spontaneously emits GWs. Once we take into account the randomness of the spatial phase distribution of the axion oscillations, we find that the amplification is suppressed compared with the coherent case, but significant amplification of GWs can still occur. We also examine whether or not the amplification of GWs is possible in the present Universe, taking into account the history of the Universe. We find that resonant amplification is difficult to be tested from GW observations in the standard scenario of the axion DM model, in which the axion is the dominant component of DM. However, there is some parameter window in which the resonant amplification of GWs might be observed, if the axion is subdominant component of DM, and the axion cloud formation is delayed until the Hubble rate becomes much smaller than the axion mass.
Experimental test of fair three-sided coins
Authors: Bosso Pasquale , Huber Anthony , Todorinov Vasil
Published: November 2020

A simple model for a fair ‘three-sided coin’ is proposed and tested. Describing the coin as a cylinder with a given height and basis radius, this model efficiently characterizes the problem, constraining the size of the coin. A statistical analysis of the data collected from actual realizations of such coins has been performed, supporting the proposed model. Besides studying the case of a fair three-sided coin, this work represents a model for an explicit application of the scientific method, in which all parts (problem characterization, statement of a hypothesis, experiment, analysis, description, conclusions) have clearly directed its development. Thus, it represents an useful illustration of such method for undergraduate students.
Broad-band photoluminescence of donor–acceptor pairs in tetrahedrite Cu10Cd2Sb4S13 microcrystals
Authors: Krustok Jüri , Raadik Taavi , Kaupmees Reelika , Ghisani Fairouz , Timmo Kristi , Altosaar Mare , Mikli Valdek , Grossberg Maarja
Published: November 2020

We present temperature and laser power dependent photoluminescence (PL) study of Cd substituted tetrahedrite Cu10Cd2Sb4S13 microcrystals. At T = 10 K a single broad, asymmetric and structureless PL band was detected at about 1.08 eV. The temperature and laser power dependencies indicate that the properties of PL emission can be explained by the distant donor–acceptor (DA) pair model, where a donor defect has a depth of E
D ≈ 30 meV and an acceptor defect E
A = 88 ± 6 meV. It was shown that the shape of the DA pair band could be effectively described using statistical distribution of donor–acceptor defects, recombination probability of DA pairs with different spatial separation, relatively strong electron–phonon coupling and occupation probabilities of donor and acceptor defects. At T = 200 K the DA pair recombination gradually starts to transform into conduction band-acceptor recombination.
Modeling a Ni/β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diode deposited by confined magnetic-field-based sputtering
Authors: Labed Madani , Sengouga Nouredine , Labed Mohamed , Meftah Afak , Kyoung Sinsu , Kim Hojoong , Rim You Seung
Published: November 2020

In this work, a detailed numerical simulation is carried out to model the current–voltage characteristics of a nickel/β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diode at different temperatures. These SBDs are produced using confined magnetic-field-based sputtering to deposit the nickel (Ni) Schottky contact of the diode. This method reduces the thickness of the defect area created by plasma and argon bombardment, and consequently, the electrical characteristics are less affected by temperature changes or annealing (i.e. the device is more stable). During annealing, Ni diffuses into β-Ga2O3. A model for this diffusion is proposed in this work, in which Ni diffusion reduces the defects produced by plasma and argon bombardment by filling the Ga vacancy. Furthermore, Ni diffusion produces a new interfacial compound, namely

(N

i

x

G

a

1
−

x

)
2

O

3

at the interface between the Ni and the β-Ga2O3. This new compound layer has different properties than those of β-Ga2O3, in particular, those of the bandgap and the affinity. Finally, the temperature-dependent current-density–voltage (J–V) characteristics are simulated, taking the proposed model into account. A good agreement with measured values is achieved, especially at low forward voltages, which demonstrates the soundness of the proposed model.
Boosting the lithium and sodium storage performance of graphene-based composite via pore engineering and surface protection
Authors: Wu Hefeng , Gan Yanmei , Yao Qianqian , Wang Luyuan Paul , Wang Chaoying , Zhang Qixin , Hou Kun , Zhao Yi , Guan Lunhui
Published: November 2020

Transition metal oxides with high theoretical capacities are widely investigated as potential anodes for alkali-metal ion batteries. However, the intrinsic conductivity deficiency and large volume changes during cycles result in poor cycling stability and low rate capabilities. Graphene has been widely used to support metal oxide for enhanced performance, but the cycling life is limited by the aggregation/collapse of active materials on graphene surface. Herein, we significantly improve the battery performance of graphene-metal oxide composite via pore engineering and surface protection. In this architecture, the mesoporous NiFe2O4 is designed for fast ion diffusion and volume accommodation, and the outer graphene protection can further enhance the electrical conductivity and prevent the aggregation during cycle. Thus, as-prepared G@p-NiFe2O4@G composite for lithium storage delivers high capacity (1244 mA h g−1 after 300 cycles at 0.2 A g−1), excellent rate performance (563 mA h g−1 at 4 A g−1), and outstanding cycling life up to 1200 cycles at 1.5 A g−1. For sodium storage, it also displays good cycling stability and superior rate performance. Moreover, the effects of various microstructures on the battery performance, the reaction kinetics of various electrodes, and the reaction mechanism of NiFe2O4 have been systematically investigated in this work.
Multi-task autoencoder based classification-regression model for patient-specific VMAT QA
Authors: Wang Le , Li Jiaqi , Zhang Shuming , Zhang Xile , Zhang Qilin , Chan Maria F , Yang Ruijie , Sui Jing
Published: November 2020

Patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA) of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) to assure accurate treatment delivery is resource-intensive and time-consuming. Recently, machine learning has been increasingly investigated in PSQA results prediction. However, the classification performance of models at different criteria needs further improvement and clinical validation (CV), especially for predicting plans with low gamma passing rates (GPRs). In this study, we developed and validated a novel multi-task model called autoencoder based classification-regression (ACLR) for VMAT PSQA. The classification and regression were integrated into one model, both parts were trained alternatively while minimizing a defined loss function. The classification was used as an intermediate result to improve the regression accuracy. Different tasks of GPRs prediction and classification based on different criteria were trained simultaneously. Balanced sampling techniques were used to improve the prediction accuracy and classification sensitivity for the unbalanced VMAT plans. Fifty-four metrics were selected as inputs to describe the plan modulation-complexity and delivery-characteristics, while the outputs were PSQA GPRs. A total of 426 clinically delivered VMAT plans were used for technical validation (TV), and another 150 VMAT plans were used for CV to evaluate the generalization performance of the model. The ACLR performance was compared with the Poisson Lasso (PL) model and found significant improvement in prediction accuracy. In TV, the absolute prediction error (APE) of ACLR was 1.76%, 2.60%, and 4.66% at 3%/3 mm, 3%/2 mm, and 2%/2 mm, respectively; whereas the APE of PL was 2.10%, 3.04%, and 5.29% at 3%/3 mm, 3%/2 mm, and 2%/2 mm, respectively. No significant difference was found between CV and TV in prediction accuracy. ACLR model set with 3%/3 mm can achieve 100% sensitivity and 83% specificity. The ACLR model could classify the unbalanced VMAT QA results accurately, and it can be readily applied in clinical practice for virtual VMAT QA.