bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Contribution of Development Communication on the Sustainable Shea Value Project in Garu-Tempane District, Ghana
Authors: Amakye Kingsford Gyasi
Published: September 2024

Effective communication stands as the linchpin for successful project outcomes. In the realm of development initiatives, communication becomes the exclusive avenue through which project beneficiaries take centre stage. This study thus delved into the role of communication in bolstering project efficacy, specifically examining its impact on the Shea value project in Ghana’s Garu-Tempane District. Employing both qualitative and quantitative research designs, the study used purposive and simple random sampling techniques to select key figures from the Presbyterian Agric Service (PAS), Garu, alongside opinion leaders and project beneficiaries. Semi-structured interviews guided data collection, aiming to validate the correlation between development communication and project success. Content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data, while T-tests and percentages were employed in the analysis of quantitative data. This paper affirmed that community meetings, interpersonal communication, and community radio are widely utilized in information dissemination and possess a moderate influence. Moreover, respondents expressed willingness to sustain the project. The paper underscores the imperative for effective communication between project implementers and community members, stressing its pivotal role in securing success and ensuring the project’s enduring impact and sustainability.

Keywords: Communication, Development Communication, Effectiveness, Project
The actual predictive power of bankruptcy models in terms of time use
Authors: Kuběnka Michal , Honková Irena , Sejkora František , Mlázovský Martin
Published: September 2024

The quality of bankruptcy models is habitually based on how well they can predict the financial health of a business a year in advance. However, corporate accounting data is publicly available usually with one year delay. So, the research question is not how accurate the prediction is one year in advance, but two years in advance. Therefore, an analysis of 7 models was performed to compare the change in their accuracy depending on time. The results showed a decline in prediction accuracy over time. The found total success rate of prediction is from 67.38% to 80.64%, which confirms that some of these models are also usable for two-year prediction of the financial health of the company.
Filamentary Structures Formation around a Magnetic Pore Using High-resolution Observations of the Goode Solar Telescope
Authors: Zhao Jie , Yu Fu , Zhu Xiaoshuai , Yang Xu , Su Jiangtao , Schmieder Brigitte , Li Hui , Cao Wenda
Published: September 2024

With the aid of high-resolution spatial and temporal observations from the Goode Solar Telescope, we present an investigation of the emergence, coalescence, and submergence of a moving magnetic feature (MMF) in the region surrounding a magnetic pore located at the periphery of a large sunspot. The results show that the MMF has a magnetic field strength greater than 500 G and is dominated by the horizontal magnetic component. We observe upflow at the inner part and downflow at the outer part, indicating a pattern of Evershed flow. The MMF emergence is accompanied by the expansion of a granule, which has several striations inside just like the twisted features found in the penumbra filament. Our analysis shows that although these striations have different properties of magnetic field and kinematics during the expansion of the granule, the overall magnetic and dynamic properties of the MMF remain stable. We find that the region where the MMF emerges and submerges becomes more penumbra-like, i.e., adjacent positive and negative values of elongated magnetic features that are parallel to each other, while the optical penumbra-like features are not apparent at the same time. Our work indicates that the dynamics of the MMF near the magnetic pore is important for the development of filamentary structure. The magnetic configuration produced by an MMF together with the elongation of a granule could thus be key to understand the formation of penumbra filaments.
The Kraft Break Sharply Divides Low-mass and Intermediate-mass Stars
Authors: Beyer Alexa C. , White Russel J.
Published: September 2024

Main-sequence stars transition at mid-F spectral types from slowly rotating (cooler stars) to rapidly rotating (hotter stars), a transition known as the Kraft Break and attributed to the disappearance of the outer convective envelope, causing magnetic braking to become ineffective. To define this Break more precisely, we assembled spectroscopic measurements of 405 F stars within 33.33 pc. Once young, evolved, and candidate binary stars are removed, the distribution of projected rotational velocities shows the Break to be well defined and relatively sharp. Nearly all stars redder than G
BP − G
RP = 0.60 mag are slowly rotating (vsini ≲20 km s−1), while only 4 of 32 stars bluer than G
BP − G
RP = 0.54 mag are slowly rotating, consistent with that expected for a random distribution of inclinations. The Break is centered at an effective temperature of 6550 K and has a width of about 200 K, corresponding to a mass range of 1.32–1.41 M
⊙. The Break is ∼450 K hotter than the stellar temperature at which hot Jupiters show a change in their obliquity distribution, often attributed to tidal realignment. The Break, as defined above, is nearly but not fully established in the ∼650 Myr Hyades cluster; it should be established in populations older than 1 Gyr. We propose that the Kraft Break provides a more useful division, for both professional and pedagogical purposes, between what are called low-mass stars and intermediate-mass stars; the Kraft Break is observationally well defined and is linked to a change in stellar structure.
Not-so-little Red Dots: Two Massive and Dusty Starbursts at z ∼ 5–7 Pushing the Limits of Star Formation Discovered by JWST in the COSMOS-Web Survey
Authors: Gentile Fabrizio , Casey Caitlin M. , Akins Hollis B. , Franco Maximilien , McKinney Jed , Berman Edward , Cooper Olivia R. , Drakos Nicole E. , Hirschmann Michaela , Long Arianna S. , Magdis Georgios , Koekemoer Anton M. , Kokorev Vasily , Shuntov Marko , Talia Margherita , Allen Natalie , Harish Santosh , Ilbert Olivier , McCracken Henry Joy , Kartaltepe Jeyhan S. , Liu Daizhong , Paquereau Louise , Rhodes Jason , Rich Michael R. , Robertson Brant E. , Toft Sune , Gozaliasl Ghassem
Published: September 2024

We present the properties of two candidate massive (M
⋆ ∼ 1011
M
⊙) and dusty (A
v > 2.5 mag) galaxies at z = 5–7 in the first 0.28 deg2 of the COSMOS-Web survey. One object is spectroscopically confirmed at z
spec = 5.051, while the other has a robust z
phot = 6.7 ± 0.3. Thanks to their extremely red colors (F277W–F444W ∼ 1.7 mag), these galaxies satisfy the nominal color selection for the widely studied “little red dot” (LRD) population with the exception of their spatially resolved morphologies. The morphology of our targets allows us to conclude that their red continuum is dominated by highly obscured stellar emission and not by reddened nuclear activity. Using a variety of spectral energy distribution fitting tools and star formation histories, we estimate the stellar masses to be

log
(

M

⋆

)
=

11.32

−
0.15

+
0.07

M

⊙

and

log
(

M

⋆

)
=

11.2

−
0.2

+
0.1

M

⊙

, respectively, with a red continuum emission dominated by a recent episode of star formation. We then compare their number density to the halo mass function to infer stellar baryon fractions of ϵ
⋆ ∼ 0.25 and ϵ
⋆ ∼ 0.5. Both are significantly higher than what is commonly observed in lower-z galaxies or more dust-obscured galaxies at similar redshifts. With very bright ultra-high-z Lyman-Break Galaxies and some non-AGN-dominated LRDs, such “extended” LRDs represent another population that may require very efficient star formation at early times.
Insight-HXMT, NICER, and NuSTAR Views to the Newly Discovered Black Hole X-Ray Binary Swift J151857.0–572147
Authors: Peng Jing-Qiang , Zhang Shu , Shui Qing-Cang , Chen Yu-Peng , Zhang Shuang-Nan , Kong Ling-Da , Santangelo A. , Yu Zhuo-Li , Ji Long , Wang Peng-Ju , Chang Zhi , Li Jian , Li Zhao-sheng
Published: September 2024

The systematic properties are largely unknown for the black hole X-ray binary Swift J151857.0–572147 newly discovered in the 2024 outburst. The nature of a black hole can be completely defined by specifying the mass and dimensionless spin parameter. Therefore, accurate measurement of the two fundamental parameters is important for understanding the nature of black holes. The joint spectral fitting of a reflection component with simultaneous observations from Insight-HXMT, NICER, and NuSTAR reveals for the first time a black hole dimensionless spin of

0.84

−
0.26

+
0.17

and an inclination angle of

21.1

−
3.6

+
4.5

degrees for this system. Monitoring of the soft state by NICER results in disk flux and temperature following

F

disk

∝

T

in

3.83
±
0.17

. For the standard thin disk,

L

disk

≈
4
π

R

in

2

σ

T

in

4

, so the relationship between the flux and temperature of the disk we measured indicates that the inner radius of the disk is stable and the disk is in the innermost stable circular orbit. With an empirical relation built previously between the black hole outburst profile and the intrinsic power output, the source distance is estimated as 5.8 ± 2.5 kpc according to the outburst profile and peak flux observed by Insight-HXMT and NICER. Finally, a black hole mass of 3.67 ± 1.79–8.07 ± 4.20M
⊙ can be inferred from a joint diagnostic of the aforementioned parameters measured for this system. This system is also consistent with most black hole X-ray binaries with high spin and a mass in the range of 5–20 M
⊙.
New Transit Timing Observations of WASP-12b from TESS Sectors 71 and 72
Authors: Shen Zoutong
Published: September 2024

I present new transit and occultation timing measurements for the hot Jupiter WASP-12b using data from TESS Sectors 71 and 72, observed in 2023. Using full-phase curve fitting for the first time, I precisely locate both transits and occultations. I report 34 new transit times and sector-specific occultation times, updating the orbital decay rate to −26.310 ± 0.901 ms yr−1. My analysis strongly favors the orbital decay model over constant period and apsidal precession models.
New Sample of Ultracool Dwarf Benchmarks with Detailed Chemical Characterization
Authors: Fisher Lucia , Gerasimov Roman , Kirby Evan N. , Burgasser Adam J. , Hsu Chih-Chun , Weiss Lauren M.
Published: September 2024

Ultracool dwarfs (UCDs) are considered prime targets for galactic archeology due to their abundance, long lifespans, and the sensitivity of their spectra to chemical composition. To calibrate larger surveys, a sample of benchmark UCDs with robust abundances is necessary. We present [Fe/H], [α/Fe] and abundances of 13 elements, inferred from high-resolution spectra of 13 FGK primaries hosting a UCD companion. For a subset of our sample with APOGEE observations, individual abundances agree within 0.06 dex on average.
Re-description of 1st instar larva of Osmylus fulvicephalus (Scopoli, 1763) (Neuroptera, Osmylidae) based on naming system of sclerites
Authors: Mao Haohan , Liu Zhiqi , Wu San-An , Xu Han
Published: September 2024

Osmylus fulvicephalus (Scopoli, 1763), the type species of the Osmylidae, has garnered significant research interest in taxonomy, particularly regarding its larval stages. To date, most studies have focused on the third instar larvae, but ignore the first instar larvae with the rough and incomplete morphological descriptions. This lack of studies has led to an unclear understanding of the morphological differences between larval stages, making it challenging to identify larvae, distinguish different osmylid species or even reconstruct phylogeny.

In this study, the first instar larva of O. fulvicephalus was re-described in detail and illustrated, based on the naming system of sclerites. Based on this, it could be effectively distinguished from other species by the following characteristics: i) number of segments in the labial palpi; ii) the setae beard on the apex of antenna; iii) the number of transversal rows of the anal hooks. In addition, we compared the sclerites and other morphological characteristics with the third instar larvae of Osmylus fulvicephalus to better distinguish larvae at different developmental stages.
Screening the larvicidal activity of ZnO, CuO nanoparticles, and neem seed oil extract against the full armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)
Authors: Mohammad Abeer M. , Shaker Ahmed M. , Salem Olfat M. A. , Elmashay Alawia , Hassani Rym
Published: September 2024

Background: The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, poses a significant threat to over 90 plant species, causing extensive damage by consuming fresh leaves, hindering growth, and ultimately reducing crop yields. Integrated pest management strategies emphasize eco-friendly approaches, minimizing harm to non-target organisms. Among these, biological control methods, including the use of plant extracts and specific microorganisms, have shown considerable efficacy in controlling the fall armyworm. Methods: This study assessed the impact of neem seed oil extract and CuO & ZnO nanoparticles on the biological aspects of Spodoptera frugiperda. Fourth-instar larvae were exposed to fresh castor leaves treated with neem seed oil extract, obtained through Soxhlet extraction from neem seeds, and nanoparticles prepared via direct precipitation. Results: The determined LC50 values of neem seed oil extract, ZnO, and CuO NPs against the 4th instar were 500, 520, and 440 ppm, respectively. All treatments had an impact on the durations of larval and pupal stages, resulting in increases of 66% and 15% with neem seed extract, 11.5% and 15% with ZnO, and 21.7% and 23% with CuO. Additionally, pupation rates were reduced by 50% following exposure to neem seed extract and ZnO, and by 45% with CuO nanoparticles. It is also worth noting that the digestive enzymatic activities in the insects were significantly affected following treatment with the LC50 values of neem seed extracts and nanoparticles. Conclusion: The study demonstrates the potent larvicidal properties of both neem seed extract and nanoparticles against Spodoptera frugiperda. All treatments effectively prolonged larval and pupal stages and reduced successful adult emergence at low concentrations. All treatments also showed a negative effect on the enzymatic activity of insects, which indicates their potential as natural insecticides in combating fall armyworm.
Ecosystem Services in the Milpa System: A Systematic Review
Authors: Romero-Natale Aline , Acevedo-Sandoval Otilio , Sanchez-Porras Arturo
Published: September 2024

The Milpa System is an ancient agroecosystem that has played a crucial role in Mesoamerican agriculture for over 9,000 years, particularly in Mexico and Central America. This system provides essential ecosystem services, such as food production, soil quality restoration, biodiversity conservation and the transmission of ecological knowledge. The objective of this systematic review is to inventory and analyse the potential ecosystem services provided by the Milpa System and similar maize-based intercropping systems. The review followed the PRISMA methodology, ensuring rigorous and reproducible research across studies published worldwide in English and Spanish between 2017 and 2023. The analysis included 47 studies that identified a total of 38 distinct ecosystem services. Amongst these, five provisioning services were identified, with 32 articles highlighting food provision. Twenty regulation and maintenance services were discussed, with biodiversity conservation being the most prominent, mentioned in 24 articles. However, cultural services were under-represented, appearing in only 12 articles. Despite the limited research on the Milpa System’s ecosystem services, particularly outside of Mexico, the findings underscore the system’s critical role in promoting agricultural resilience, ensuring food security and conserving biodiversity. This review emphasises the need for increased research to preserve and promote the Milpa System as a sustainable agricultural model that contributes to the well-being of both local communities and broader ecosystems.
Integrative taxonomy reveals two new giant pill-millipedes of the genus Zephronia Gray, 1832 from eastern Thailand (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae)
Authors: Srisonchai Ruttapon , Likhitrakarn Natdanai , Sutcharit Chirasak , Wesener Thomas
Published: September 2024

A large amount of material of the millipede genus Zephronia Gray, 1832 was collected during 2014–2023 from many parts of eastern Thailand. An integrative study of morphological characters and genetic data (COI gene) revealed two new species: Z. chantaburiensis Srisonchai & Wesener, sp. nov. and Z. macula Srisonchai & Wesener, sp. nov. The two new species clearly differ from other congeners by their unique characteristics, especially in their colour pattern and telopod shape. The interspecific genetic distances of the 658 bp COI gene barcoding fragment between these new species and all other species of giant pill-millipede from Thailand, Laos and Cambodia are 12.01–23.49% for Z. chantaburiensissp. nov. and 17.93–25.13% for Z. maculasp. nov. While relationships among species remain preliminary, the phylogenetic tree shows that species of Zephronia are interspersed with species of Sphaerobelum Verhoeff, 1924 and Prionobelum Verhoeff, 1924. Phylogenetic analyses place both new species in a clade termed Zephronia s.s., which receives support also from morphological data, showing a unique position of the organ of Tömösváry. Z. maculasp. nov. appears to occur over a broad distribution whereas Z. chantaburiensissp. nov. was found only at the type locality. Given that all known records are in the eastern part of Thailand, we thus regard both species as endemic. Morphological illustrations based on SEM micrographs and a distribution map are also provided.
Molecular systematics of Perinereis and an investigation of the status and relationships of the cultured species Perinereis wilsoni Glasby & Hsieh, 2006 (Annelida, Nereididae)
Authors: Yang Deyuan , Zeng Sheng , Wang Zhi , Zhang Yanjie , Yang Dazuo , Glasby Christopher J. , Hwang Jiang‐Shiou , Cai Lizhe
Published: September 2024

In this study, we conducted morphological and molecular analyses of Perinereis wilsoni, a species being considered for aquaculture in China. We found this species difficult to identify because of its close morphological similarity to the sympatric P. mictodonta and thus sought genetic markers to more easily distinguish it and to investigate its phylogenetic relationship to P. mictodonta and other nereidids. For the first time, we sequenced, assembled, and annotated the complete mitochondrial genome, nuclear ribosomal sequences (18S-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-28S), and four nuclear histone genes (H3-H2A-H2B-H4) of P. wilsoni. Comprehensive bioinformatics methods were employed to assemble the genome-skimming data of P. wilsoni to ensure assembly quality. Phylogenetic analyses based on five datasets of the available mitochondrial genomes (32 taxa in Nereididae, including 8 taxa in Perinereis), using maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses, provide support for the monophyly of the genus Perinereis. In contrast, the P. nuntia species group, a subgroup within Perinereis, is nonmonophyletic. Perinereis wilsoni has a closer phylogenetic relationship with P. vancaurica and P. nuntia. Our study serves as a baseline for future work on the cultivation, reproductive biology, and phylogeny of P. wilsoni.
Au présent des livres. Judith Schlanger lectrice
Authors: Neefs Jacques
Published: September 2024

La singularité et la force de l’œuvre de Judith Schlanger, telle qu’on peut la suivre dans son temps long, tiennent à l’attention que cette œuvre porte aux temporalités et aux champs divers de « l’invention intellectuelle » : considérer celle-ci comme une « activité poétique », consiste à s’attacher aux redistributions profondes qui marquent diversement les présents de la pensée. Le neuf, l’oubli, la reprise qui déplace, sont l’objet d’investigations attachées à la vertu du langage dans la constitution de « la mémoire des œuvres ». Explorer la mémoire culturelle impose de se déprendre du temps comme durée séquentielle au profit de la fécondité d’une « coexistence focalisée ». L’anachronique peut devenir une carrière pour la compréhension des temps et des présents, en particulier par l’intensité conjointe d’une lecture et d’une écriture, comme en témoigne la lecture de La Guerre et la paix que Judith Schlanger donne dans Une histoire de l’intense.
« Comme une fleur qu’on voulut transplanter » : tare raciale et fardeau féminin dans Ourika de Duras et ses réécritures
Authors: Duverne Céline
Published: September 2024

Au printemps 1824, la publication de la nouvelle Ourika de Claire de Duras, tirée d’une histoire véridique, remporte un franc succès et fait l’objet de nombreuses réécritures. À travers l’étude de certaines d’entre elles, il s’agit de comprendre comment le passage de l’abstraction romanesque à l’incarnation dramatique et à la déploration lyrique éclaire l’aporie constituée par l’insertion sociale de la femme noire, prisonnière d’un double conditionnement sous la Restauration. Si la plongée inédite dans la conscience d’une héroïne noire met au premier plan son conflit identitaire, la réflexion achoppe sur la persistance de l’exotisme et sur la relecture romantique, qui sont autant de stratégies d’occultation.
Juan de Pareja : figure historique et personnage dramatique au XIX e siècle
Authors: Cooper Barbara T.
Published: September 2024

La vie de Juan de Pareja, esclave afro-hispanique du peintre espagnol Vélasquez, puis artiste autonome, est racontée dans des textes encyclopédiques, journalistiques, historiques et littéraires tout au long du xix e siècle. Cet article propose d’examiner Pareja tel qu’il figure dans deux pièces de théâtre non jouées sur des scènes institutionnelles : Juan de Paréja, drame en un acte, en vers de Jacques Bornet et Le Mulâtre, ou l’Atelier de Vélasquez, comédie historique en trois actes d’Auguste de Roosmalen, afin de voir comment ces auteurs ont retracé l’histoire de la vie de cet homme pour des lecteurs et d’éventuels spectateurs du xix e siècle. Les éléments propres à l’écriture dramatique aident-ils à le présenter comme un individu doté d’une intériorité psychologique, d’une conscience de son statut d’artiste et d’homme « dévalorisé » par la couleur de sa peau malgré son génie ?
« Cette vaste fourmilière de têtes noires » : formes et usage de la foule noire dans le roman d’aventures
Authors: Faggianelli Paule
Published: September 2024

Cet article se propose d’analyser l’image de la foule noire dans le roman d’aventure, au croisement des impératifs génériques qui viennent structurer l’utilisation du stéréotype. En tant qu’élément spectaculaire, elle vient construire une typicité africaine, investissant des tropes descriptifs pour les insérer dans une narration marquée par des péripéties violentes. Nous cherchons à analyser l’usage de ce stéréotype dans le roman d’aventures en étudiant son fonctionnement sémantique, pour montrer comment il s’insère dans les formes populaires de l’exotisme dans la seconde partie du xix e  siècle. Informée par une lecture brutale de la confrontation des « races », la stéréotypie associée à la foule prend alors part, depuis le récit, aux discours impériaux en métropole.
La Revue des Colonies : paradoxes d’un périodique parisien, colonial, militant et mondain
Authors: Beliaeva Solomon Maria
Published: September 2024

Si le rôle de la presse dans les échanges intellectuels de l’Atlantique noir au xx e siècle est bien établi, les périodiques qui ont contribué à l’élaboration de formes similaires de solidarité intellectuelle et politique au siècle précédent demeurent largement méconnus. Cet article vise à combler cette lacune en portant son attention sur l’organe de presse de l’abolitionniste martiniquais Cyrille Bissette, la Revue des Colonies (1834-1842). L’analyse, dans un contexte transatlantique, de ses pratiques éditoriales et médiatiques ainsi que des moyens techniques et humains employés pour mener à bien ses ambitions émancipatrices révèle l’ ethos paradoxal, à la fois radical et modéré, d’un périodique cherchant à s’attirer les sympathies d’un lectorat d’élites parisiennes tout en se faisant le porte-parole de populations des colonies aux droits civiques et politiques contestés.
Techniques of recycling end-of-life wind turbine blades in the pavement industry: A literature review
Authors: Zhang Shuwen , Kirumira Noah
Published: September 2024

Rapid global industrialization has increased the amounts of greenhouse gas emissions leading to global warming and severe weather conditions. To lower such emissions, several countries are swiftly seeking sustainable and low-carbon energy alternatives. As a green energy source, wind power has gained recent popularity due to its low cost and lower carbon footprint; but with a short blade life span, the industry faces a blade waste issue. Wind turbine blade recyclability is challenging due to factors such as blade sheer size, material complexity, low economic feasibility, and a lack of suitable recycling policies; yet, many blades are still being constructed and others are being decommissioned. This paper aims to discuss different wind turbine blade recyclability routes under the pavement sector. Wind turbine blades are made of composite materials, and based on literature data, it was found that recycled fibers can be extracted from the composites using methods such as pyrolysis, solvolysis, and mechanical processing; of these methods, solvolysis provides cleaner and better fibers. The recycled fibers, when incorporated in both asphalt and concrete, improved their mechanical properties; nevertheless, recycling of fibers from carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) was more economical than glass fiber-reinforced polymers (GFRPs). Waste wind turbine blades can take other routes, such as processing them into waste wind turbine aggregates, roadside bicycle shades, bridge girders, and road acoustic barriers.
Traveling wave fronts in a single species model with cannibalism and strongly nonlocal effect
Authors: Deng Xijun , Chen Aiyong
Published: September 2024

In this paper we studied traveling front solutions of a single species model with cannibalism and nonlocal effect. For a particular class of kernels, the existence of traveling front solutions connecting the extinction state with the positive equilibrium was established for the strongly nonlocal effect case. Our approach was to reformulate it as a singular perturbed problem, and then tackle this problem by using dynamical systems techniques, in particular, geometric singular perturbation theory and Fenichel's invariant manifold theory.
Genetic influences on non-syndromic cleft lip palate: The impact of BMP4, RUNX2, PAX7, and TGFB3 allelic variations
Authors: Neela Praveen Kumar , B.V Rajeshwari , Khan Mahamad Irfanulla , Dasnadi Shahistha Parveen , Reddy Gosla Srinivas , Husain Akhter , Mohan Vasavi
Published: September 2024

Several genes have been implicated in the etiology of cleft lip palate (CLP). Although genes such as BMP4, RUNX2, PAX7, and TGFB3 have been studied in various populations, their role in familial cases within the Indian population remains unexplored. Hence, the current research was conducted to understand whether BMP4, RUNX2, PAX7, and TGFB3 gene polymorphisms are involved in the etiology of Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip Palate (NSCLP) in Indian familial cases. Twenty multiplex families affected by NSCLP were selected for the research, with 50 NSCLP patients and 38 unaffected subjects from these families. Polymorphisms rs2819861 of RUNX2, rs17563 of BMP4, rs2743218 of PAX7 and rs2268626 of TGFB3, which were considered high-risk in a different population, were analyzed for their role in Indian families. The DNA was extracted from each participant using the salting-out method. The isolated DNA was sent for genetic analysis by Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) genotyping using the MassArray method. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was computed using a genotype distribution, the PLINK software was utilized to make statistical comparisons, and allelic associations were analyzed for the selected polymorphisms. All polymorphisms followed the HWE. None of the polymorphisms on these four genes showed a significant p-value in the allelic association. Therefore, no discernible variation in the allelic frequencies existed between the healthy controls and the NSCLP patients. The odds ratios were 1.28, 0.83, 0.37, and 1.01 for polymorphisms rs2819861, rs17563, rs2743218, and rs2268626, respectively. The current study indicates that the polymorphisms rs2819861 of RUNX2, rs17563 of BMP4, rs2743218 of PAX7, and rs2268626 of TGFB3 were not associated with increased risk of NSCLP among the Indian population.
Exploring the Impact of Motion Parameter Variations in Virtual Reality Content on Visually Induced Motion Sickness: An Electroencephalography Signal Analysis Approach
Authors: Suwandi Galih Restu Fardian , Khotimah Siti Nurul , Haryanto Freddy , Suprijadi
Published: September 2024

The utilization of virtual reality (VR) technology has surged during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to a diversification of its applications. However, one significant challenge associated with VR usage is visually induced motion sickness (VIMS). To address this issue, a study was conducted to investigate the impact of variations in physical motion parameters on VR content in relation to VIMS. The study employed electroencephalography (EEG) signal analysis to measure the level of VIMS experienced by users as the motion characteristics of the content became more intricate, potentially inducing circular vection sensations. The results revealed noteworthy changes in power spectral density values within the alpha and beta brain wave frequency ranges in specific brain areas, including the frontal, parietal, and central regions. Furthermore, an elevation in stress levels and cognitive load was observed through power ratio analysis. These findings, which have direct implications for the design and advancement of VR content, are crucial for establishing an evaluation system for VR technology, ultimately mitigating adverse effects on users.
Traffic Management Based on Cloud and MEC Architecture with Evolutionary Approaches towards AI
Authors: Saadoon Naser Zainab , Marouane Belguith Hend , Fakhfakh Ahmed
Published: September 2024

This review paper explores the significance of machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), reinforcement learning (RL), and deep reinforcement learning (DRL) techniques in improving traffic management based on cloud and mobile edge computing (MEC) architectures. The key findings and contributions of this review highlight the potential of these techniques for transforming traffic management systems through data-driven decision-making, adaptive control, and optimization. The challenges identified in this field include data availability and quality, scalability and computational requirements, privacy and security concerns, and ethical considerations. In conclusion, ML, DL, RL, and DRL techniques, in conjunction with cloud and MEC architectures, have significant implications for improving traffic management. Their ability to process and analyse large-scale and real-time traffic data enables improved traffic flow, reduced congestion, enhanced energy efficiency, and enhanced overall transportation system performance.
Phase Change Materials in Buildings
Authors: Barbhuiya Salim , Das Bibhuti , Adak Dibyendu
Published: September 2024

This chapter thoroughly explores Phase Change Materials (PCMs) and their applications in buildings. It begins by introducing the background, context, and objectives before delving into PCM fundamentals, covering types, phase change mechanisms, and key properties. Beyond theory, the chapter explores practical applications in thermal regulation, energy efficiency, HVAC systems, thermal energy storage, passive building design, heat recovery, and PCM integration. Discussion includes various PCM types—organic, inorganic, eutectic mixtures, and bio-based—alongside selection criteria for building applications. Methods to enhance PCM performance, such as nano-enhancements, microencapsulation, and hybrid solutions, are explored. The chapter addresses integration and design considerations and concludes with insights into future directions, trends, and implications for sustainable building practices.
Redefining Sustainability in Building Practices in Circular Construction Process
Authors: Narra Malathi , Vij Meghna , Shreenidhi K. S. , Anandaram Harishchander , Hari B. S. , Boopathi S.
Published: September 2024

This chapter explores the connection between circular construction principles and energy-efficient design strategies to examine the impact on environmental stewardship and resource optimization. It also discusses the economic viability, regulatory frameworks, and case studies of circular construction and energy-efficient design. Sustainable architecture trends, including smart technologies, circular economy principles, and public policy, are also explored. The interdisciplinary collaboration and innovation transforming architectural practices are illustrated to meet current needs and promote environmental and societal well-being. A comprehensive sustainable architecture approach, focusing on circular construction principles and energy-efficient design strategies, is empathized with to tackle environmental issues and create resilient communities.
Utilization of Biodegradable Sustainable Materials in Modern Construction Processes
Authors: Nithya M. , Kumar D. Pavan , Shreenidhi K. S. , Anandaram Harishchander , Arumugam Geetha
Published: September 2024

This chapter explores how modern construction uses biodegradable sustainable materials to cut carbon footprints and boost sustainability. It looks at the hurdles and progress in using these materials. Biodegradable materials are causing a revolution in building methods boosting energy savings, and cutting waste even with issues like scaling up and following rules. The chapter talks about successful uses in homes, businesses, and public buildings around the world. These materials help the environment by cutting greenhouse gases using less energy, being easier to recycle, and making indoor air cleaner, all of which support green building. The chapter shows how scientists, makers, architects, and rule-makers work together to speed up the use of biodegradable sustainable materials in building and to protect the environment.
Design of Compact Flexible Array Shaped Wearable Antenna for Healthcare
Authors: Vishnoi Manish Kumar , Batra S. B. , Sharma Niraj Kumar , Singh Vinod Kumar
Published: September 2024

The presented flexible array shaped wearable antenna is simulated on a jeans textile substrate. This array shaped microstrip antenna (proposed) has been energized by linefeed technique. It gives the wider range of frequencies from 2.914GHz to 22.518 GHz that is super high frequency band (SHF) range. The proposed antenna has -10dB simulated bandwidth is 154.168%. The presented antenna's size is 43.6×49 mm2that it resonates at multiple frequencies i.e.7.2455 GHz, 10.588 GHz, and 14.456 GHz. The proposed design is applicable for various applications such as super high frequency, satellite communication, missile guidance, airborne intercept, long range tracking, police radar, etc. The proposed antenna is better suitable for microwave imaging and satellite communications. But the prime focus is on microwave imaging, which is used to locate the body tissues that are very difficult to evaluate. It can be constructed with a simple manufacturing process. The proposed antenna offers maximum reflection coefficient of -31.668dB, adequate VSWR <2 over operating band, peak gain of 4.915 dBi.
Business Technology Transformation
Authors: Jalagat Jr. Revenio C.
Published: September 2024

This chapter highlights how crucial it is to explore the use of AI applications in businesses nowadays, analyze how AI is being utilized to drive digital transformation, and what that means for the business environment going forward. Additionally, it evaluates the advantages and difficulties of AI as it relates to corporate technology change. Data were collected and analyzed from different scholarly sources, such as books, articles, and websites. Study findings claimed that the application of AI has grown significantly across a range of sectors, including manufacturing, telecommunications, healthcare, banking, education, retail, and e-commerce. Simplifying procedures, facilitating better decision-making, and increasing productivity are just a few of the ways artificial intelligence (AI) is thought to have significantly improved company operations. By leveraging AI's full potential, businesses can rise to a more advantageous position in the market, foster creativity, and innovation, increase productivity, and provide better customer experiences.
AI in 6G Network Security and Management
Authors: Varadam Deepak , Shankar Sahana P. , N. P. Nidhi , Dubey Vinay , Jadwani Aaditi , Taj Shaik Falak , Uthappa Sahil C. T. , Bharadwaj Aryan
Published: September 2024

Various global institutions are exploring the potentials and hurdles of 6G communication networks to address the security shortcomings of existing 5G networks while capitalizing on the promises of 6G for heightened privacy and dependability. Artificial intelligence (AI) emerges as a solution with minimal drawbacks and reduced expenses. This chapter delves into diverse applications where AI integration can prove advantageous. AI has undergone substantial evolution, transitioning from network diagnosis and monitoring to optimizing large-scale systems. Advanced algorithms bolster network security by continuously updating and identifying vulnerabilities. Furthermore, AI facilitates the creation of innovative networking models like intent-based networking, streamlining network configuration based on user needs. The integration of AI with networks has witnessed increased usage, such as cost reduction in managing IoT data and enhanced efficiency in healthcare systems through fuzzy classifiers.
Security Considerations in Generative AI for Web Applications
Authors: Sindiramutty Siva Raja , Prabagaran Krishna Raj V. , Jhanjhi N. Z. , Ghazanfar Mustansar Ali , Malik Nazir Ahmed , Soomro Tariq Rahim
Published: September 2024

Protecting AI in web applications is necessary. This domain is a composite of technology and huge scope with good prospects and immense difficulties. This chapter covers the landscape of security issues with advancing generative AI techniques for integration into web development frameworks. The initial section is on security in web development—a conversation on the subtleties of generative AI-based methods. In a literal stance, the chapter offers 13 ways to approach it. Among the threats are those that introduce security issues related to generative AI deployments, which illustrate why it is vital for defenders and infrastructure owners to implement mitigation measures proactively. This chapter pertains to the security and privacy of data and lessons for securing and preventing vulnerability. The chapter explores attacks, model poisoning, bias issues, defence mechanisms, and long-term mitigation strategies. Additionally, Service A promotes transparency, explainability, and compliance with applicable laws while structuring a development methodology and deployment methods/operation. The text outlines how to respond and recover from incidents as it provides response frameworks for everyone involved in managing security breaches. Finally, it addresses trends, possible threats, and lessons learned from real-world case studies. In order to contribute to addressing these research needs, this chapter sheds light on the security considerations associated with AI for web development and suggests recommendations that can help researchers, practitioners, and policymakers enhance the security posture of popular generative AI advancements used in generating web applications.
Future Trends and Challenges in Cybersecurity and Generative AI
Authors: Khan Azeem , Jhanjhi Noor , Hamid Dayang H. T. B. A. Haji , Omar Haji Abdul Hafidz B. Haji , Amsaad Fathi , Wassan Sobia
Published: September 2024

The chapter presents a comprehensive exploration of the changing dynamics at the intersection between the rapidly growing landscape of the interconnectivity of various devices—the internet of things—and the innovations piloted by advancements in generative artificial intelligence. In the following background-focused analysis, the significance of the enactment of new levels of security details in this fast-growing and virulently expansive landscape is emphasized, with generative AI ultimately serving as the highlight. The conversation consequently shifts to threats. This includes a detailed depiction of new cybersecurity threats rooted in advancements in AI, featuring AI malicious actors and incidents, such as the increasingly popular phenomenon of ransomware-as-a-service as mirror illustrations of the dynamic and multifaceted character of these threats. The class further proceeds to more in-depth detail about the most contemporary generative AI platforms such as generative adversarial networks, variational autoencoders, and reinforcement learning—all relevant in identifying emerging solutions to advance strategies in cybersecurity. The conversation simultaneously conducts an opportunity and threat analysis of the merger between these platforms and cybersecurity with regard to ethics, regulations, and overall adversarial touchpoints and tactics. The chapter concludes with a call for unity in discourse and action between the relevant industry, academia, and government stakeholders as a summary of the essential cross-disciplinary aspect that must drive the narrative in confronting and overcoming the threats to and from generative AI research. Having presented the narrative structure, this chapter has allowed a comprehensive coverage of the major issues and opportunities at the heart of the cybersecurity-generative AI combination. Additionally, it has provided a forum to call for collaborative and fortified efforts regarding the securing and defending of the uncertainties that the rapidly changing and more unpredictable digital landscape has in store for the world.
Explainable AI, Federated Learning, and AI Ethics in E-Commerce
Authors: Garg Gunjan , Prabha Chander , Ahuja Bhavisha
Published: September 2024

E-commerce data security is influenced by the three elements; Explainable AI (XAI), Federated Learning, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) Ethics. The objective of Explainable AI is to enhance the transparency of AI systems and their explainability to promote human oversight and foster confidence. Federated Learning (FL) provides a decentralized approach by training Machine Learning (ML) models to secure user data confidentiality and privacy. Instead of exchanging local data, model constraints from local ML models are pooled and shared as a method of collaborative learning among devices and organizations. The bias, fairness, and the effects on society are a few moral issues surrounding the use of AI covered in AI Ethics. It discusses moral regulations, guidelines, and policies that support the development and application of moral AI. This chapter aims to give insight into the technological and ethical aspects of AI advances concerning AI-ML for data security in E-Commerce, with a focus on the importance of privacy, accountability, and transparency in AI systems.
Behavioural Economics and Korean Food Consumption
Authors: Kunnumpurath Biju , Kumar Sandeep , Menon Vishnu Achutha , Prasad Aswathi , Ramanath Meera
Published: September 2024

This study surveyed 568 young adults aged 18 to 22 in Karnataka, India, using an online questionnaire to explore food consumption patterns and socio-economic factors. Data collected from January to March 2024 covered demographics, food habits, and purchasing behaviors, analyzed through Furnham and Forey's framework and a questionnaire adapted from Nevin Sanlier and Suzan Seren Karakus. Results reveal significant links between food consumption, health environment sensitivity, nutrition application, cost saving, and convivial practices, with food consumption notably predicting health environment sensitivity and nutrition application while also influencing cost saving and convivial practices.
Exploring AI and Machine Learning in Visualization for Optimizing Business Practices
Authors: Kumari P. Senthil , N. M. Prabhaharan
Published: September 2024

Every business organization is moving to digital servitization to survive the fittest in this competitive era. Decision-making in every aspect of business depends on the visualization techniques implemented with the help of AI and machine learning methods. Thus, business moves from manual methods to automation techniques. This chapter imparts some fundamental ideas about AI tools used for business optimization. Data visualization techniques were used for business optimization over a decade ago. Due to the exploration of AI and machine learning techniques, several researchers are focused on inventing new AI tools for business decision-making. There is a need for a novel AI device that can figure out critical business decisions from real-time analytics in this digital era. Five of the AI tools such as Anadot, Automation Anywhere, Azure Cognitive Services, UiPath, and Blue Yonder to optimize business practices are outlined in this chapter.
Transforming Data Visualization With AI and ML
Authors: Kothai G. , Nandhagopal S. , Harish P. , Sarankumar S. , Vidhya S.
Published: September 2024

This chapter explores the ethical considerations and challenges associated with AI-driven visualizations. It highlights the importance of ethics in maintaining trust, fairness, transparency, and privacy. The chapter discusses key challenges such as bias, transparency, privacy, accountability, and accessibility. Strategies for addressing these challenges include implementing ethical AI frameworks, enhancing transparency, promoting fairness, ensuring privacy, and fostering an ethical culture. Case studies from IBM Watson and Microsoft AI are examined to illustrate these points. Future trends in AI and ML for data visualization are also considered, emphasizing the need for responsible use of technology.
Enhancing Healthcare Through Data Visualization
Authors: Ara Aftab , Malkawi Amnah R.
Published: September 2024

Data visualization is a critical tool in healthcare for enhancing data comprehension, facilitating information extraction, and effectively communicating findings. This study aims to underscore the significance of data visualization in improving patient care, recognizing disease trends, and streamlining healthcare processes. Through the utilization of interactive dashboards, predictive models, and scoping reviews, healthcare professionals can access real-time data, support early intervention, and identify research gaps. While existing studies validate the effectiveness of data visualization in healthcare analysis and optimizing hospital performance, further research is necessary to fully grasp the impact of interactive visualization techniques on healthcare sectors and patient outcomes. The implications of this research are vital for advancing healthcare practices and enhancing overall patient well-being.