bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Possibilities of Water Storage in Drainage Channel System of the Upper Rye Island
Authors: Šoltész Andrej , Baroková Dana , Červeňanská Michaela , Mydla Jakub , Čubanová Lea , Koval Frederik
Published: December 2021

Consequently, to the construction and operation at water power plant Gabcíkovo came to changes in water regime in adjacent area. The power canal of the Gabcíkovo power plant cut the upper parts of the drainage system in Danube Lowlands. Groundwater level changes have occurred in the vicinity of the Hrušov reservoir what caused changes in discharge and water level regime of the drainage channels. Presented contribution deals with theoretical and practical background of the water management in agriculturally exploited regions, especially with the possibility to create and store enough water for irrigation in the channels of one part of the Rye Island. It was therefore necessary to measure and calculate the capacity of given channels as well as the volume of water stored by means of improved operation on hydraulic structures or by construction of new structures. Rye Island belongs to an area where agriculture in the growing season, especially due to the irregular distribution of precipitation, very often suffers from drought. The probability of ensuring at least 10 mm of precipitation in one decade of the growing season is only 50% and the probability of 30 mm of precipitation is only 20%. It follows that without irrigation the moisture for vegetation cover is not ensured. But there can be years with heavy rainfall and then there is no need to irrigate. Rye Island is the warmest area of the Slovakia where the vegetation period is also the longest. Most of it belongs to the area of corn production type. The irrigation economy is therefore profitable. However, the technology of implementation and the effort to introduce large-scale irrigation as soon as possible led to the conclusion that this issue should be considered from several points of view.
Material Composition of the Mesozoic Alkaline Rocks of the Yukhta Massif (Southern Yakutia, Central-Aldan Ore Region)
Authors: Ivanov Aleksey
Published: December 2021

The paper considers the petrographic composition of the Mesozoic alkaline igneous rocks of the Yukhta massif. It is part of the Central Aldan ore region and is spatially located in the central part of the Nymnyr block. The massif is a large multiphase structure, of the most productive stage of the territory’s development – the Mesozoic tectonic-magmatic activation of the Aldan-Stanovoy shield. Determination of the qualitative quantitative-mineralogical characteristics of the 2 and 3 phases of intrusion (emplacement) most promising for gold-radioactive mineralization with the help of crystal-optical methods was the main goal of this work. As a result of petrographic studies of Mesozoic alkaline igneous rocks, it is defined that, the Yukhta massif is a multiphase magmatic structure, with decrease of the content of dark-colored minerals in rocks from the early to later phases of intrusion. In general, the rocks of the massif bear significant traces of secondary changes, which are related to the gradual formation of the massif. According to the features of the composition of the massif rocks, it was found that the latter could be formed from residual differentiates during the fractional crystallization of rock-forming minerals with the involvement of plagioclases. The Yukhta massif is associated with the large Samolazovskoye gold deposit, which formation is related to an intense contact-metasomatic impact on carbonate rocks. Hydrothermal-metasomatic transformations of the latter are the products of multi-stage silica-alkaline metasomatosis associated with the second and especially with the third phases of the massif intrusion, and with further weathering processes, involving karst formation, disintegration of gold-ore metasomatites and the formation of a thick oxidation zone. From whence it is concluded that uranium being a chemically active element does not accumulate in a hypergenic form within the Yukhta massif. Where the weathering crust is intensively developed, a gold-ore type of mineralization is observed. On the other hand, the rocks of the massif itself, in particular syenites of the 2 and 3 phases of intrusion, may be promising for the uranium-thorium-rare earth (U-Tn-REE) type of mineralization. In general, these studies in this direction will provide insight into a number of issues related to the study of the evolution and metallogeny of the Mesozoic tectonic-magmatic activation of the Aldan-Stanovoy Shield
Undrained Shear Strength cuand Undrained Elastic Modulus Eu of Anthropogenic Soils from Laboratory Tests
Authors: Tankiewicz Matylda , Strózyk Joanna , Zieba Zofia
Published: December 2021

Undrained shear strengthcuand undrained elasticity modulusEuare one of the basic mechanical parameters describing soil properties in engineering practice. In a simple waycucan be established by fall cone test or, similar as theEumodulus, can be determined from the stress-strain curve obtained from the uniaxial or triaxial compression tests. The paper presents the results of laboratory tests odcuandEuparameters carried out on anthropogenic soil in uniaxial compression tests and fall cone tests. The soil used in the study represented different types of materials used in earthworks - containing different share of clay fraction. Tests were provided on the soil in different bulk density and water contents. The paper proposes a method of estimatingEu50on the basis of cone penetrometer tests. Such test does not require any additional preparation and can be performed directly on the soil compacted in the cylinder of the Proctor’s apparatus, which allows for a quick assessment of the soil elasticity parameters.
Enhancing the environmental performance of biotrickling filters treating volatile organic compounds in air
Authors: Soreanu Gabriela , Diaconu Mariana , Maier Stelian Sergiu , Volf Irina , Igor Cretescu
Published: December 2021

The actual biotrickling filtration technology addresses volatile organic compounds (VOCs) removal from air, by their conversion into less harmful gaseous compounds (e.g. carbon dioxide). The actual study extends this capability towards not only VOCs removal, but also removal of carbon dioxide issued from biodegradation, in the same biotrickling filter (BTF). This upgrade results in higher C-capture and the reduction of greenhouses gases associated with this process, thus increasing the environmental performance of such BTFs. The model pollutant used in this study is ethanol, while a co-immobilised microalgae and compost-derived microorganisms is used for the first time accomplishing the above mentioned desiderate (simultaneously removal of VOC and carbon dioxide in the same BTF), under continuous regime and illumination provided by an array of light-emitting diodes (LED)). Very promising performances are obtained, revealing new competitive alternatives with high potential for further development, in the light of atmospheric protection and climate change issues.
Hydrogeochemistry of the Thermal Springs of Pojqpoquella and Phutina, Puno, Peru
Authors: Chui-Betancur Heber Nehemías , Belizario-Quispe Germán , Acosta Dwight Roberto , Alfaro-Alejo Roberto , Quispe-Mamani Yony Abelardo
Published: December 2021

This paper deals with the results of a hydrogeochemical study of two thermal springs that originate from in very high altitudes in southwestern Peru with outflow temperatures of maximal 38,4 °C and flow rates of 1.08 - 2.02 l/s. Water samples from the Pojqpoquella and Phutina geothermal wells, were collected during the period between September 2018 and January 2019 in the main area of Puno. Chemical types of the thermal spring are Na+, Ca2+, Cl- and

CO

3

2
−

in Ayaviri and Putina. According to the Piper and Schoeller diagrams for the Pojqpoquella thermal spring water is classified as Na++ K+ (75 %) and Cl- (60 %) type water while that of the Phutina thermal spring is classified as Na++ K+ (76 %) and Cl- (72 %) type water. The electrical conductivity (EC) values for the Pojqpoquella and Phutina thermal spring waters is 2160 - 3142 μS/cm and 3160 - 3184 μS/cm, respectively, the thermal spring waters have a high electrical conductivity which shows that it has interacted with the host rock for a long time. The reservoir rocks of the Pojqpoquella thermal system consist of a red sandstones and conglomerate rocks while the reservoir rocks of the Phutina thermal system consist of a thick sequence of cretaceous rocks.
Three-Dimensional Modelling of Spatial Data in Urban Territory
Authors: Fidosova Lora , Antova Gergana
Published: December 2021

The content of the research is divided into four points. The first part considers the need of 3D models creation - good practices applied in different countries related to Internet services for urban development and planning, preservation of cultural heritage, as well as scientific research. The second part focuses on the nature of 3D modeling, addressing theoretical issues concerning conceptual modeling, classification of three-dimensional models, geometry and topology. Different data formats are described. The third part focuses on an overview of the different 3D data sources and 3D modeling methods. The fourth part includes the description of a specific software for creating, editing and presenting 3D models - City Engine. The functionality, the specific possibilities for additional analysis and extraction of attribute information from the created models are described, as well as the programming language used in creating three-dimensional models in the software environment. In the fourth part, practical tasks are performed, which aim to make a comparison between the actual state of construction with the set project values in the general development plan for Sofia Municipality. 3D models of buildings in a neighbourhood in the Lozenets region were created, after which an additional analysis of the current state of construction was performed. The possibilities of the software for automatic generation of a street network are considered, as well as the functionality related to the modeling of facades.
Supporting Actions to Increase Seismic Response in Areas with Potential for Disaster
Authors: Dragomir Claudiu-Sorin , Dobre Daniela
Published: December 2021

Seismic resilience of urban community is ensured also through organization and preparation of technical activities in order to build a post-seismic investigation capacity. Thus, some elements are necessary: responsible structures, competencies and specific legislative references for the management of post-earthquake response measures, at central and local level; information resources; collection and storage of information related on the existing built fund; computerized databases - creation, maintenance and management of information; organizing the keeping of the primary documents of the investigations; training of inspectors and technical staff; material resources; stocks of materials strictly necessary in the event of an earthquake for the implementation of emergency response measures; buffer spaces for sheltering persons evacuated from unsafe damaged area etc. The paper presents in this context the role of the building instrumentation before and after the incidence of severe earthquakes. An interdisciplinary investigation system in-situ and with advanced techniques of the effects on buildings with different functions, in emergencies produced by powerful earthquakes is also defined. The level reached by the research studies within NIRD URBAN-INCERC and the future premises for development in this direction will be reviewed, as a safety necessity and as a European requirement.
Mining Waste Complex Research and Development of Technologies for their Use in Georgia
Authors: Bochorishvili Nika , Khomeriki Davit , Mataradze Edgar , Chikhradze Nikoloz , Kvavadze Sophio , Robakidze Davit , Khomeriki Sergo
Published: December 2021

In 1996, Georgian mining and extractive industry moved to a new stage as a result of the adoption of a new law on subsoil, which prepared grounds for the development of a legislative framework regarding the use of country’s subsoil and created new economic settings for the industry. Mining and extractive industry play a significant role in Georgia’s sustainable economic development. From 1999 through 2020, the output value of the industry (excluding non-renewable energy resources: coal, natural gas and oil products)is estimated at of 5,6 billion Lari (GEL). The majority of deposits of mineral resources in Georgia are mainly small and medium in size. Considering the current rate of their exploitation, within 15-20 years their majority will be exhausted. Over time, the country’s economy will face a serious problem as it will need to import raw materials. It is therefore important to look for feasible technologies for the application of unconventional raw materials, namely secondary raw materials that come with essential mineral resources. This will allow to maintain the potential of mineral resources of the country. The work presents the outcomes of the Mining Institute’s current studies on qualitative, quantitative and assimilative technologies and possibilities of the application of mining waste as secondary natural resources. Research methodology is based on the principles of Green Economy that implies linking mining and extractive industry to circular economy, aiming at rational assimilation of natural resources by applying the 3R (reduce, reuse and recycle) approach. Within the frames of the study, technologies were developed for obtaining construction, glass and porcelain raw materials (from spoiled rock layers stored and extracted from operating open pit mines of the Chiatura manganese and Bolnisi ore deposits/queries), along with those for manufacturing products with such materials.
Characteristic of Tidal Currents in the Lombok Strait Using 3D FVCOM Numerical Model
Authors: Raharja I M D , Radjawane I M , Hendrawan I G
Published: December 2021

The Lombok Strait located between Bali Island and Lombok Island, Indonesia. Lombok Strait is complex area because influence by Indonesian Throughflow and influence by Tidal Current. For this case want to research about tidal current circulation and simulated using a three-dimensional baroclinic hydrodynamic numerical modelling method by Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM). The study was simulated during 1-year on 2004, February. The model just simulated by barotropic condition and only influence by elevation tide in open boundary. The verification of ocean current (u and v components) from the model compare with observation data has a high coefficient of determination, i.e., 0.9, respectively. This verification result shows good agreement between model and observation data. For the result model, in the Lombok strait dominant influence by M2 semidiurnal component from Indian Ocean and K1 diurnal component from Pacific Ocean. The current circulation in the near surface dominant movement pattern from southern to northern. On the other hand, for the vertical current in 100 – 600 meter is different with near surface. The current movement from northern to southern. In the sill area have upwelling phenomenon in the north side of the sill and downwelling in south of the sill.
Observed of Equatorial Currents in the Indian Ocean during Two Contrasting IOD Events: 2006 and 2010
Authors: Utari P A
Published: December 2021

The evolution of Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events in 2006 and 2010 is investigated using observational data products that are made to understand several processes in the positive (negative) phase of IOD events. Two Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) moorings mounted at 90°E and 80.5°E along the equator were used to evaluate the zonal current variation during two contrasting Indian Ocean Dipole (IO) events. Westward anomalies of the zonal current were observed at 0°, 80.5°E during the peak phase of the positive IOD event from October to December 2006. Meanwhile, the observed zonal currents at 0°, 90°E only showed the short-term westward anomalies during October 2006. On the other hand, during the negative IOD event in 2010, the observed zonal current at both mooring locations indicated strong intraseasonal variations of the eastward anomalies from August to December 2010. Strong easterly (westerly) anomalies of the surface zonal winds were observed during the peak phase of the positive (negative) IOD event in 2006 (2010). These easterly (westerly) anomalies forced upwelling (downwelling) equatorial Kelvin waves indicated by the negative (positive) sea surface height anomalies. Strengthening (weakening) of upwelling (downwelling) along the equatorial Indian Ocean would be a significant factor for further understanding of IOD evolution.
Strengthening the Early Detection and Tracking of Tropical Cyclones near Indonesian Waters
Authors: Makmur E E S , Fitria W , Praja A S , Rahayu S P , Pratama B E , Sudewi R S S , Harsa H , Kurniawan R , Hutapea T D F , Habibie M N , Paski J A I , Nurrahmat M H , Swarinoto Y S , Sasmito A , Riama N F
Published: December 2021

In early April 2021, the territory of Indonesia, around the province of East Nusa Tenggara in particular, was severely damaged due to being hit by tropical cyclone Seroja. The impact of tropical cyclone Seroja does not only occur in Nusa Tenggara but also in Australia. In fact, the impact that hit Australia exceeded the damage that occurred in East Nusa Tenggara. The impacts caused by tropical cyclone Seroja in East Nusa Tenggara included 181 deaths and 74,222 houses damaged. Tropical cyclones are extreme weather anomalies that hit many countries, especially in the middle latitudes associated with vast oceans, such as the area around the South China Sea, the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean, such as the Philippines, Japan, America, Australia, Europe, etc. Early detection systems for the genesis of tropical cyclones are still being developed by international collaborations such as The Research Moored Array for African-Asian-Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction (RAMA) in the Indian Ocean, Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) in the Pacific Ocean, and Prediction and Research Moored, Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA). To find out the early sign of a tropical cyclone, it is characterized by sea surface temperatures > 26.5 C, the growth of very broad and thick convective clouds, and rotating wind speeds of > 63 km/hour. For this reason, continuous observations are needed in the area where the tropical cyclone first developed. Observation equipment required includes satellite observations, buoys, and weather radar. Unfortunately, in the territory of Indonesia, especially in the Indian and Pacific oceans around Indonesia, this equipment is not equipped with such equipment due to very expensive funding factors and vandalism constraints. For this reason, in the future, national and international cooperation will be needed to start building an early warning system for the emergence of tropical cyclones among research centers globally.
Variation of water mass exchange on tidal scale in Balikpapan Bay
Authors: Anwar I P , Putri M R , Tarya A , Mandang I
Published: December 2021

Balikpapan Bay is enclosed water influenced by freshwater from river runoff and saline water from Makassar Strait. The exchange of water mass was examined by 3D numerical model simulation-Hamburg Shelf Ocean Model (HAMSOM) with horizontal resolutions approx. 150 m and 10 vertical layers applied in Balikpapan Bay. The thirteen tidal components, daily river runoff, atmospheric forcing, subsurface temperature, and Salinity in 3D used for model input. The tidal elevation from Geospatial Information Agency (BIG) model fits with this result from 01/03/2020 to 31/03/2020. It has coefficient correlation 0,99 with a significant level of 95% and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is 0,1 m. The volume and salt transport in the mouth (Line-A) and middle (Line-B) of bay was examined. The maximum transport in Line-A during spring (neap) high to low tide and low to high tide is −18364.72 m3/s (−1717.57 m3/s) and −17532.27 m3/s (4258.86 m3/s) for volume. Then, 531,947,898.90 kg.psu./s (−45,127,135.38 kg.psu./s) and −536,410,944.50 kg.psu./s (140,700,437.97 kg.psu./s) for salinity. Positive (negative) of water transport is inflow (outflow) to Balikpapan Bay. The net transport in a day during the spring (neap) is −832.45 m3/s (5976.43 m3/s) for volume and −4,463,045.58 kg.psu./s (185,827,573.35 kg.pau./s) for salt. The vertical structure of net volume and salt transport bot in Line-A and Line-B shows the water goes to outer bay in surface and inner bay in subsurface. While in the spring tide the surface deeper than neap tide. It indicated that water mass exchange dominantly influenced by river in surface and tidal in subsurface. It also shows that water mass from inner bay more easy flushing during spring tide than neap tide and vice versa
Heavy metals concentration in sediment of Makassar Strait
Authors: Edward  , Helfinalis  , Budiyanto F , Witasari Y
Published: December 2021

The concentration of heavy metals (HMs) camium (Cd), cuprum (Cu), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in sediments of Makassar Strait was investigated. We collected sediment samples from 28 research stations. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to measure HMs in all samples. This research aims to know the levels of HMs’ contamination and pollution in sediments. The analysis revealed that the concentration of all HMs is still low and inlined with the sediment standard guidelines, exception of Cu and Ni. In regards to the value of I_geo and PLI, sediment in the Makassar Strait is still normal for marine life, and sediment is included in unpolluted categories (PLI<1). The sources of HMs in this strait come from human activities in the land of Kalimantan and Sulawesi Island.
Nutrient enrichment induced by tropical cyclone Seroja in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean
Authors: Purnaningtyas D W , Khadami F , Avrionesti
Published: December 2021

Tropical cyclone (TC) passage triggers a complex response from the adjacent ocean, including vertical mixing, leading to biochemical alterations and affecting the surrounding ecosystem’s dynamics. In previous studies, increased nutrient concentrations and primary production were observed along the cyclone track after the storm. TC Seroja was awakened near the equator in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean, making it interesting to investigate how the ambient ecosystem responds. Hence, we analyzed the sea surface temperature and nutrient changes during the Seroja event using multi-satellite remote sensing and numerical model data in the south of Indonesia and East Timor along the Seroja track between April 2 and 10, 2021. Immediately after the TC Seroja passed, the sea surface temperature cooled to 3 °C around the TC lane. At the same time, the spatial distribution patterns showed the upsurge of some nutrients in response to the passage of TC Seroja; the surface nitrate swells up to 1.5 mmol/m3, while phosphate increased up to 0.2 mmol/m3, and the dissolved silicate concentration enhanced up to 1.0 mmol/m3. The responses recover within 2-7 days. These results indicate that tropical cyclones contribute to nutrient enrichment in oligotrophic areas outside of their usual annual upwelling time, thereby further supporting ecosystem sustainability.
Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Satellite-Derived Chlorophyll-a (2003-2019) in Lampung waters and surrounding area
Authors: Atmojo A T , Anwar I P , Adil I , Rohman A
Published: December 2021

In recent years, the phytoplankton blooming phenomenon occurred at Lampung Waters. This event harms living organisms due to its toxicity or caused oxygen depletion. Chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a) is the crucial biological parameter for simulating marine phytoplankton biomass. In this study, the monthly average of Chl-a ocean-color remote sensing data from 2003 to 2019 is investigated. The seasonal and interannual variability of Chl-a was analyzed in Lampung waters and its surrounding area. The study area was separated into three regions, namely the East Coast of Lampung waters, Lampung Bay and Sunda Strait area. The spatial pattern showed that the value of Chl-a on the east coast was higher than Lampung Bay and Sunda Strait, with a deal up to 7 mg/mg/m
3. The time series of spatial averages in three areas showed the seasonal and inter-annual variation. The monthly climatology of Chl-a in Lampung Bay more influenced by sea surface temperature. The maximum value occurs in October with Chl-a concentration was 0,87 mg/m
3. Meanwhile, the east coast area and Sunda Strait fit with the monthly rainfall pattern in the Lampung mainland. The maximum value occurs in February with Chl-a abundance were 2,49 mg/m
3 and 0,96 mg/m
3, respectively. The value indicated that the river runoff would be a significant impact on phytoplankton blooming. Otherwise, the interannual variability in three areas showed that the Lampung Bay was more influenced by Indian Ocean Dipole than the East Coast and Sunda Strait. The cross-correlation between Chl-a concentration and Dipole Mode Index in East Coast area, Lampung Bay, and Sunda Straits are -0.2, 0.5, and 0,1, with a significant level of 95%.
Strategy on marine debris reduction in Indonesia: a review and recommendation
Authors: Prabawa FY , Adi NS , Pranowo WS , Sukoraharjo SS , Gautama BG , Suhelmi IR
Published: December 2021

In 2018, the Indonesian government started a program: National Action Plan on Marine Debris, with the target to reduce 70% of marine plastic debris by 2025. Based on local research’s result in 2018, there was an estimated 0,27 to 0,59 million tons (MT) of marine plastic debris on local seas. Thus, the target of 70% debris reduction would be at 0.35 MT per year, or the reduction of 29.500 Tons of debris per month. That is a huge number to deal with, considering there are only 4 years left to 2025. To achieve the program, a roadmap was developed, parallel to other supporting programs as well the regulations, a national task force TKN PSL also established to run the programs. But an intriguing question remains: how to improve the achievement of this challenging target in a limited time? This study aimed to figure out the progress of existing waste reduction programs and contribute the way to improve the program. The method is a combination of literature review to collect data, a comparative and analytical work and finally the development of concept and action plans to formulate recommendation. We concluded that to improve the achievement of the target, proper strategy and program are needed to accelerate and boost the progress of marine debris reduction programs. To strengthen the waste reduction effort, the use of technology needs to be strongly emphasized. The program is best to be imply directly on sites, using various integrated methods to reduce more marine debris. More units of waste processing TPS 3R or “Reuse, Reduce, Recycle” are in urgency to obtained. The units will be located along the water body areas covering upstream to downstream, inland as well on-water. For the on-water site works, a concept of the green technology-based system integrated with small-sized floating TPS 3R barge, called STAMSAL P2K, is recommended to be implemented in the action plans.
Mapping of IOC-UNESCO Tsunami Ready Indicators in the Pangandaran Village, Indonesia
Authors: De Silva Nusantara Candida Aulia , Windupranata Wiwin , Hayatiningsih Intan , Hanifa Nuraini Rahma
Published: December 2021

Pangandaran Village is a tourist village located in Pangandaran Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. The beautiful view of sand beaches and abundant marine resources make Pangandaran Village has great economic potential. However, in 2006, an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.7 Mw triggered a tsunami disaster in the Pangandaran area that caused more than 600 fatalities, injuries, and damage to buildings, especially in Pangandaran Village. Based on current research, there is potential for an 8.7 magnitude earthquake off the south coast of Java in the near future, triggering an enormous tsunami. The coastal community in Pangandaran Regency has been building a tsunami risk reduction strategy to anticipate the tsunami disaster. In Pangandaran Village, the local community is piloting the 12 tsunami ready indicators following the guideline from UNESCO-IOC. Therefore, this study aims to map 12 tsunami ready IOC-UNESCO indicators in Pangandaran Village to evaluate which indicators the government and community of Pangandaran Village. The method used in mapping 12 tsunami ready indicators in Pangandaran Village is to take data in the field by doing aerial photographs, conducting interviews with the village government and other related local stakeholders, mapping tsunami evacuation plan and infrastructure, and disseminating questionnaires to the community to find out the response to the tsunami disaster. Based on the IOC-UNESCO tsunami indicator mapping results, all indicators have been fulfilled. However, several other aspects of tsunami preparedness indicators still need to be improved to strengthen tsunami preparedness in Pangandaran.
The application of coupled 3d hydrodynamic and oil transport model to oil spill incident in karawang offshore, indonesia
Authors: Nugroho Dwiyoga , Pranowo Widodo Setiyo , Gusmawati Niken Financia , Nazal Zulkarnain Bilhaqqi , Rozali Randy Hasan Basri , Fuad Moh Arif Zainul
Published: December 2021

This study presents a coupled hydrodynamic and oil transport numerical model to study the spread of Karawang oil spills at sea due to well-kick failures. This model uses the 3D configuration of ROMS-CROCO in the Java Sea. The model has a resolution of 1 km, 25 vertical layers, and runs from January 2019 to September 2019. Temperature, salinity, sea surface height, ocean currents, and harmonic tides are derived from global models and applied to open boundaries. Hourly atmospheric datasets during model simulation are forced as flux input in the surface. The 3D profile of the flow generated by the model is converted to the GNOME oil transport model format as mover type input to disperse the oil. The hydrodynamic model shows that the result has a good agreement with in-situ data and observation with mean of correlation exceeding r>0.8 for sea surface height and sea surface temperature. Compared with radar satellites, oil spill dispersion shows the same scattered trend as satellite data. Backward modelling shows oil particles returning to the initial spill location. The oil spill was moving westward, and some are stranded on the coast between Karawang and Bekasi.
Three-Dimensional Numerical Modelling of Tidal Current in Balikpapan Bay Using Delft 3D
Authors: Fauzah Syarifah , Tarya Ayi , Ningsih Nining Sari
Published: December 2021

Balikpapan is one of the main port cities with residential areas, industry, trade, and vital objects scattered from north to south along the coast of Balikpapan Bay. This dense activity increases traffic in Balikpapan Bay. Thus, the hydrodynamic conditions in these waters are essential to be reviewed. The purpose of this research is to simulate hydrodynamics in Balikpapan Bay. The simulation results of the hydrodynamic model for sea-level elevation values are close to the conditions in the field, as indicated by the correlation coefficient 0.98, skill 0.99, and RMSE 0.15 m. The ocean current velocity verification includes the average correlation for x-direction and y-direction, up to 0.93, RMSE 0.05 m, and the percentage error of 6.7%. The significant current velocity is at low tide during spring tide with an average of 0.1 m/s and a maximum speed of 1.62 m/s. Temporally, the observation point at the mouth of Balikpapan Bay has the most significant Bed Shear Stress magnitude with an average of 0.05 N/m2. Spatially, the highest Bed Shear Stress magnitude is at the time of spring tide when it recedes towards the tide with an average Bed Shear Stress in the bay of 0.16 N/m2. The most dominant tidal components are M2 and S2, with a contribution value of 65.3%. The phase propagation from mouth to upstream of Balikpapan Bay for the M2 component in Balikpapan Bay is 10.5° (22.77 minutes) and 5.5° (11 minutes) for the S2 component.
Wave driven Setup across the North Coast Region of West Java
Authors: Risandi J , Pranowo W S , Kuswardani A R T D , Husrin S , Solihuddin T , Akhwady R
Published: December 2021

Wave energy dissipation on the surf zone is compensated with the increase of mean sea level, the so-called wave setup, within the area. This study used the numerical model Delft3D to investigate the dynamics of setup across the north coast region of West Java (Losari to Indramayu) influenced by monsoon variations. The wave forcing was obtained from previous field studies on Cirebon coastal region. The waves within the region were largely dissipated far from the coastline, mainly at the area between Babakan and Karangampel, due to the gentle slope of the North coast of Java. The waves approaching the shoreline were mainly influenced by the east monsoon associated with the longer fetch from that direction. The wave setup varied from ~0.03 to 0.15 m, with the maximum setup occurred near the coastline of the east (Losari) and west (Indramayu) parts of the model domain that consisted of steeper slopes. This, potentially inducing severe coastal inundation that became a serious problem across the coastlines. Meanwhile, the setup near the coastline of the middle area of the domain (Babakan to Karangampel) was very weak, which was correlated to the larger wave dissipation within the offshore area of that region.
Accuracy Assessment of Satellite Derived Bathymetry Model for Depth Extraction in Sorong Shallow Water Area
Authors: Dewi Ratna Sari , Rizaldy Aldino
Published: December 2021

Marine research has continuously improved the methods in obtaining the related bathymetric data; not only relying on the conventional methods for i.e. echosounder-based methods, but also by incorporating satellite technology for i.e. passive remote sensing technology, in this case, satellite derived bathymetry (SDB). Regarding the SDB method, as we know, variation of sea bed cover can influence the relation between the spectral reflection of shallow water area and the depth of the sea. In this situation, normalization of the sea bed variation is needed. Previous studies have mentioned that the band ratio can help to normalize the variation of sea bed cover. This research is intended to compare the accuracy of satellite derived bathymetry by using single band and band ratio. Four bands of Sentinel 2A (blue, green, red, and NIR bands) are used along with a single beam echosounder (SBES) measurement data published in 2015 used as training and testing data for the SDB model. Furthermore, the influence of sun glint correction to the results was evaluated and the accuracy of the model was estimated. In total there are four single bands and six combinations of band ratio that are used for this research. The results show that green band outperformed band ratio in term of RMSE value. However, visually, only band ratio of blue/green band that provided a much more representative depth spatial distribution especially for shallow water area below 3 m. In this case, band ratio is effective in normalizing the variation of sea bed cover. Furthermore, the use of sun glint correction in the process is also increase accuracies of the SDB model. The highest accuracy was obtained when using green band after sun glint correction with RMSE value 2.999 m while when using band ratio of the blue band to the green band (blue/green), the accuracy was 3.624 m. In conclusion, SDB model to extend methods in obtaining bathymetry data is promising as more images become available free of charge and in various resolutions.
Effect of Turbidity, Temperature and Salinity of Waters on Depth Data from Airborne LiDAR Bathymetry
Authors: Saputra L R , Radjawane I M , Park H , Gularso H
Published: December 2021

The influence of seawater parameters cannot be ignored when conducting bathymetric LiDAR (Laser Induced Detection and Ranging or Light Detection and Ranging) surveys such as turbidity, temperature, and salinity. Turbidity affects the attenuation diffusion coefficient of the green laser is penetrating the air column. The comparison of LiDAR bathymetric depth with Secchi disk depth is used as a reference in determining the effect of turbidity. The results are in locations with primarily clear water the ability of LiDAR can penetrate up to 7m, while in turbid waters up to 3m. On average, the ability of the green laser LiDAR bathymetry can penetrate the waters of 1.5-2 times the depth at the location of this study around the bay of Lampung Indonesia. Other water parameters are temperature and salinity. These parameters are used to calculate the refractive index value of water. The Different temperature and salinity values in a water column can result in differences in the accuracy of the bathymetry LiDAR depth of 4-6mm. The influence of water column parameters can be a concern in planning and processing airborne LiDAR altimetry (ALB) surveys.
Study of Bathymetry and Seabed Morphology Changes Around Anak Krakatau Waters of 2018 Post-Eruption
Authors: Hanifa R A K , Bernawis L I
Published: December 2021

Anak Krakatau is an active volcanic mountain located in the Sunda Strait, Indonesia. On December 22, 2018, this mountain erupted and the flank collapses off into the water. This changes the bathymetry and morphology of the seabed around the waters of Anak Krakatau volcano. This study uses bathymetry data surrounding the Anak Krakatau waters from the Indonesian Navy Hydrographic and Oceanographic Center (PUSHIDROSAL) in 2016 and 2019. The data were obtained by survey using Echosounder Multibeam System MBES EM2040 and EM302. By means of surface analysis method (hillshade), the data were process to observe the bathymetry and seabed morphology changes around the Anak Krakatau volcano waters by the eruption. The results of bathymetry data processing show a depth change of about 25 m, with the lowest value in 2016 ranging from -250,328 m and in 2019 ranging from -226.12 m. The average value of the slope of the seabed in 2016 was 5.31° and 4.98° in 2019.
Accuracy estimation of two global burned area products at national scale
Authors: Katagis T , Gitas I Z
Published: December 2021

In this work we perform an initial assessment of the accuracy of two publicly available MODIS burned area products, MCD64A1 C6 and MODIS FireCCI51, at national scale in a Mediterranean region. The research focused on two fire seasons for the years 2016 and 2017 and comparison was performed against a higher resolution Sentinel-2 dataset. The specific objectives were to assess their capabilities in detection of fire events occurring primarily in forest and semi-natural lands and also to investigate their spatial uncertainties. The analysis combined monthly fire observations and accuracy metrics derived from error matrices. Satisfactory performance was achieved by the two products in detection of larger fires (> 100 ha) whereas their spatial performance exhibited good agreement with the reference data. MCD64A1 C6 exhibited a more consistent performance overall and the 250 m FireCCI51 product exhibited relatively higher sensitivity in detection of smaller (<100 ha) fires. Although additional work is required for a more rigorous assessment of the variability of these burned area products, our research has implications for their usability in fire-related applications at finer scales.
An overview of vegetation health in the North West Province, South Africa, between 2010 and 2020
Authors: Cole J , Sogayise S , Dudumashe N
Published: December 2021

The North West Province in South Africa is an important contributor to the country’s economy with agriculture and mining the main drivers. Droughts regularly affect the region and impact greatly on farming which in turn has negative socio-economic consequences. Multi-temporal satellite remote sensing data is well suited to study changes in vegetation health. Vegetation and temperature indices from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor and rainfall data from the Climate Hazards group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) between 2010 and 2020 showed good vegetation health in 2010 and 2020, but gradually worsening drought condition in the intervening years. Although the entire North West Province is affected by drought, the central and western portions experience the worst conditions. The vegetation condition index, temperature condition index and vegetation health index show a faster recovery along the western edge of the province in 2018 than the rest of the province, a detail not easily visible in the conventional enhanced vegetation index and land surface temperature data. They also show a gradual decrease in vegetation health between 2010 and 2014. A comparison with geology shows that vegetation health is, in part, also linked to the underlying rock types.
Spatial and temporal variations of snow cover in the forest area of middle and high latitude of Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Shao Q , Huang C , Huang J F
Published: December 2021

Snow cover is an important part of cryosphere and the most seasonally changing land surface cover, which is sensitive to climate change. Previous studies showed that climate warming has already altered the extent and phenology of snow cover, which influences the plant phenology of the forest ecosystem. This research investigates the spatial distribution and temporal trend of snow cover in the forest area of mid and high latitude in the Northern Hemisphere (50°N-90°N,180°W-180°E) based on a satellite-derived snow dataset. Results showed that the spatial distribution of snow cover exhibits a latitudinal gradientin the mid and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. The snow cover onset week (SCOW) and snow cover end week (SCEW) shortened significantly at a rate of 0.23 weeks/10 yr. and 0.48 weeks/10 yr., respectively (P<0.05). Cold season (CS) and snow cover persistence week (SCPW) shortened at a rate of 0.25 weeks/10 yr. and 0.16 weeks/10 yr. 19.62% of the study area showed a trend of a significant advance in SCOW, and 1.36% showed a trend of significant delay (P<0.05). For SCEW, 44.91% of regions showed significant advance and 1.91% of regions showed significant delay (P<0.05). CS was a significantly shorted trend (P<0.05) in 16.95% of the study area and showed a significantly extended trend (P<0.05) in 3.76% of the area. SCPW and CS were similar but different, indicating that transient snowfall exists in parts of the study area.
Forest ecological monitoring of the Shiyang River basin based on Google Earth Engine
Authors: Wang Y
Published: December 2021

The Shiyang River basin is a typical inland arid region and one of the most fragile and sensitive areas of terrestrial ecosystems in China, and it is important to understand its ecological changes in a timely and accurate manner. This article selects the Shiyang River basin forest as the research area and uses Google Earth Engine (GEE) to evaluate and monitor the ecological environment quality of the Shiyang River basin from 1990 to 2020. The geographical detector model (GDM) was also used to analyse the sensitivity of the forest ecological environment to three natural factors: elevation, temperature and altitude. The results showed that the ecological quality of the natural forest is significantly better than that of the man-made forest area, and the ecological quality grade is higher. The forest change area RSEI has a large annual variation in ecological quality and is vulnerable to external factors. Among the influencing natural factors, the sensitive factors of precipitation and altitude are both greater than 84%. The temperature sensitivity of natural forests is stronger than that of man-made forests, ranging from 66% to 92% overall.
Satellite-based analysis of classification algorithms applied to the riparian zone of the Malaya Kokshaga river
Authors: Tarasova L V , Smirnova L N
Published: December 2021

The paper comparatively analyses the accuracy of land cover classification in the riparian zone of the Malaya Kokshaga river in the Mari El Republic of Russia using Sentinel-2A satellite images with the algorithms of supervised classification: Maximum Likelihood (ML), Decision Tree (DT) and Neural Net (NN) in the ENVI-5.2 software package. Six main classes of land cover were identified based on field studies: coniferous, mixed (deciduous), shrublands, herbaceous, and water. The assessment of the area and the structure of land cover showed that forest covers 76% of the entire territory of the riparian area of the Malaya Kokshaga river. The analysis of the results of thematic mapping shows that the overall classification accuracy obtained by the ML algorithm is 96.09%, by NN - 94.51%, and by DT - 86.54%. The producer’s accuracy and user’s accuracy for most classes have the maximum value when the ML algorithm is used. For the NN algorithm, the maximum value of producer’s accuracy is observed for the mixed (deciduous) class, while for the DT algorithm – for the coniferous. When classified using all three algorithms the water and bare land classes were mixed, which requires more detailed work when estimating riparian forest ecosystems.
Enzymatic depolymerization of wheat straw polysaccharides
Authors: Makhatov Zh , Alibayev N , Konarbayeva Z , Makhatov B , Makhatova A , Doltayeva B , Torlanova B , Arystanbaev K , Shagrayeva B
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study is to develop a technology for enzymatic processing for depolymerization of polysaccharides in wheat straw to obtain the maximum yield of glucose and sorbitol. Cellulolytic enzymes endo-1,4-β-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4) and cellobiose (1,3-β-glucosidase) (CF 3.2.1.21) were isolated and studied in local strains Tr. viride 121, which are grown under deep cultivation conditions. A technology has been developed for obtaining a complex preparation “Cellozyme G20x” with a high yield and specific activity of cellulase, xylanase, β-glucanase and pectinase, and a scheme for purification from cellulases by precipitation, ultrafiltration, and freeze drying is not inferior in efficiency to commercial preparations. The physicochemical properties of the preparation “Cellozyme G20x” have been studied, the optimal parameters of the action and stability of the enzyme preparation have been established. The efficiency of Cellozyme G20x for hydrolysis of straw polysaccharides was 35-40% in terms of glucose yield.
Study on the increase in power supply reliability for the consumers of electricity
Authors: Rakhmatov A
Published: December 2021

The issues of increasing the reliability of power transformers used in power supply systems for agriculture and water management were discussed in this article.The degree of damage to the insulation of power transformers by the physical and chemical composition of the transformer oil and insulation of other parts was also investigated, materials on the assessment of the state of insulation by the degree of damage to the insulation of individual units of the power transformer were presented.
Disinfection of drinking water with ozone by the method of electrodispersion
Authors: Muzafarov Sh M , Babaev A G , Kilichov O G , Batirova L A
Published: December 2021

This article analyzes the existing methods for disinfecting drinking water with ozone and identifies their disadvantages. The substantiation of the method of water disinfection with ozone using electrodispersion is given. The description of the technological scheme of water disinfection using the method of electrodispersion is given. The description of the design of the electric spray is given. The results of production tests of a device for water disinfection on the water of open reservoirs and artesian wells are presented.