bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the metabolic features of plant extremophile species from the Atacama desert
Authors:   , Dussarrat Thomas
Published: October 2023

Los sitios extremos situados en los márgenes de al menos un gradiente abiótico permiten la supervivencia de muy pocas especies. Estas especies denominadas extremófilas (literalmente que aman los extremos) albergan una reserva única de adaptaciones genéticas y bioquímicas que siempre han atraído la curiosidad humana. Estudios anteriores han demostrado un alto grado de especificidad para la adaptación de las especies de plantas a biomas hostiles, lo que explica que las transferencias exitosas de esas adaptaciones a los cultivos sigan siendo escasas. Sin embargo, también pueden existir estrategias adaptativas genéricas o más generales. En este contexto, me propongo utilizar un enfoque integral desde el ecosistema hasta los metabolitos para investigar las adaptaciones bioquímicas de las especies vegetales extremófilas del desierto de Atacama, el desierto no polar más seco del planeta. Las plantas se recogieron en su entorno natural, que abarca un gradiente de altitud de 2500 a 4500m. Se combinaron múltiples enfoques metabolómicos con el aprendizaje automático o “machine learning” para develar una serie de herramientas genéricas para la resistencia de las plantas a las duras condiciones del Atacama. Posteriormente, los análisis de enriquecimiento de reacciones y vías metabólicas identificaron los legados genéticos subyacentes a las estrategias bioquímicas convergentes seleccionadas evolutivamente. Por último, se exploró el rol de las interacciones positivas con el cactus Maihueniopsis camachoi en la adaptación de varias especies a las extremas condiciones ambientales. Los resultados permitieron comprender mejor los procesos de facilitación y descubrir un novedoso conjunto de metabolitos capaces de predecir el estado de la interacción. Finalmente, este estudio aporta información importante para comprender los mecanismos de adaptación que subyacen a la resistencia de las plantas a los climas extremos, y nuestro enfoque multiespecífico presagia estudios y descubrimientos prometedores en agronomía y ecología.
Dispersión y conectividad metapoblacional en un sistema de surgencia altamente advectivo: consecuencias de la circulación costera en modelos de alta resolución y recomendaciones para la protección y el manejo
Authors:   , Faúndez Alvarado Juan Leonardo
Published: October 2023

La dispersión larval es un proceso difícil de cuantificar en el océano y responsable transportar reclutas por largas distancias e intercambiarlos entre subpoblaciones y, por lo tanto, es fundamental en la conceptualización teórica de las metapoblaciones marinas. En especies sésiles, la dispersión es aún más relevante ya que mantiene la conectividad espacial, incidiendo en las tasas demográficas. La estructura de la conectividad tiene consecuencias sobre la persistencia y puede ser aplicadas en la planificación espacial del manejo pesquero. No obstante, la circulación del océano y los atributos biológicos de las larvas son fuente de incertidumbre empírica que impiden conocer la conectividad. El uso de simulaciones hidrodinámicas ha permitido aproximarnos a una conectividad teórica, con algunas limitaciones asociadas a la mesoescala, la cual impiden capturar la circulación que perciben principalmente las especies costeras. El presente estudio cuantifica las ventajas del uso de modelos hidrodinámicos de alta resolución (< 1 km) para determinar la conectividad de especies teóricas pero que cubren un espectro de atributos biológicos semejantes a los encontrados en Chile central (32-34° S). La alta resolución permitió resolver la Coastal Boundary Layer (CBL), una franja de la plataforma interior donde la velocidad de la corriente disminuye hacia costa. El aumento en resolución también permite la aparición de procesos de sub-mesoescala que provocan un aumento de la retención y auto-reclutamiento en larvas de corto período planctónico. Asimismo, se determinaron los sitios que propagan mayores beneficios a la metapoblación en caso de ser protegidos o se aplique algún grado de manejo. La escala espacial permitiría generar recomendaciones de conservación con una mejora sustancial en la resolución espacial de sitios prioritarios para el éxito del reclutamiento y persistencia de poblaciones marinas explotadas.
Investigation of physical self-perception and sports participation motivations of physically disabled individuals
Authors: Efe Mehmet
Published: October 2023

This research was conducted with the aim of examining the physical self-perceptions of individuals with physical disabilities and their motivation to participate in sports. Data were collected from a total of 459 physically disabled individuals, 280 males, and 179 females, using the "Personal Demographic Information Form", the "Physical Self-Perception for Children and Young People (CY-PSPP) Inventory" developed by Whitehead (1995), and the "Motivation Scale for Sports Participation in Disabled Individuals" developed by Tekkurşun (2018). In the research, the T-Test and One-Way ANOVA analysis were used to determine the differences between demographic variables, the Post-Hoc Tukey test was used to determine the differences between groups, and Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationships between variables. When sports participation motivation is examined by gender, it was found that there was no statistically significant difference in the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation sub-dimensions; It was determined that there was a statistically significant difference in the amotivation sub-dimension. According to the disability type variable, there was no statistically significant difference in the physical strength sub-dimension; It was determined that there was a statistically significant difference in the sub-dimensions of general self, physical self, physical condition, sports competence and physical attractiveness. When physical self-perception was examined according to gender variable, it was found that there was no statistically significant difference in the sub-dimensions of general self, physical attractiveness, and physical strength; It was determined that there was a statistically significant difference in the sub-dimensions of physical self, physical condition and sports competence. According to the disability type variable, there was no statistically significant difference in the physical strength sub-dimension; It was determined that there was a statistically significant difference in the sub-dimensions of general self, physical self, physical condition, sports competence and physical attractiveness. Again, age and active sports variables were examined in our research, and different results were obtained in their sub-dimensions. If disabled individuals are provided with a closer bond to society through sports, they will have a stronger physical self-perception and increase their motivation to participate in sports.
A Case Report of Diabetic Striatopathy: Rare Section and Unusual Complication of Hyperglycaemia
Authors: Jacob Mary , Reddy Karthik
Published: October 2023

Non-Ketotic Hyperglycaemic (NKH) Hemichorea-Hemiballismus Syndrome/Diabetic Striatopathy (DS) is a rare neurological complication of diabetes mellitus. Hemichorea can present as a manifestation of diabetes mellitus or occur in patients with poorly controlled diabetes. This case report highlights the importance of differentiating this syndrome from other intracranial pathologies, as adequate glycaemic control can lead to complete resolution of the symptoms. The authors present a case of a 65-year-old female who presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with a sudden onset of involuntary movements in the left upper and lower limbs for 30 minutes. The patient was conscious and oriented, with a General Random Blood Sugar (GRBS) of 502 mg/dL, and ketone levels of 0.1 mmol/L (normal value: less than 0.6 mmol/L). The Computed Tomography (CT) scan revealed high attenuation in the right basal ganglia, and the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain indicated T1 hyperintensity in the right basal ganglia. The patient was managed with insulin infusion and hydration. Involuntary movements completely resolved after blood sugar levels were controlled with insulin. Hyperglycaemia should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients presenting to the ED with hemichorea.
Morphometric analysis of the Proximal End of the Dry Adult Tibia : A Cross-sectional Study from Eastern India
Authors: Pradhan Rashmi Rani , Korukonda Sushma , Patro Gopal Chandra , Prusti Jami Sagar
Published: October 2023

Introduction: The morphometric measurement of the proximal tibia plays an important role in determining the clinical outcome of Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA), including long-term survivorship and quality of life for patients. However, due to ethnic and geographical variations in these measurements, findings from western countries cannot be directly applied to the Asian population or any other subpopulation. Aim: To describe the anatomical morphometry of the proximal tibia in the East Indian population and to explore any associations of these measurements with sex and laterality. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, MKCG Medical College, Berhampur, Odisha, India, from August 2020 to August 2022. A total of 200 fully ossified, dry, and processed bones from both sides, which were grossly normal and complete, were obtained from the Department of Anatomy of various medical colleges in Odisha, India. Different measurements of the tibia, such as Mediolateral Length (ML), anteroposterior length of the medial and lateral condyles, circumference, intercondylar region, and tibial tuberosity, were measured using standard procedures and standardised vernier calipers. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, New York, USA). A comparison of means between two groups was conducted using an independent sample t-test, and correlation between two quantitative variables was assessed using Pearson correlation. Results: Out of the included bones, 114 (57%) were male tibiae, and 116 (58.0%) were right-side tibiae. The ML, anteroposterior length of the lateral and medial condyles, intercondylar area, tibia to tibial tuberosity length, and circumference were measured as 67.91 mm, 39.44 mm, 42.72 mm, 42.73 mm, 33.48 mm, and 19.37 mm, respectively. The ML showed a significant positive correlation (p-value < 0.001) with the anteroposterior length of the lateral tibial plateau, medial tibial plateau, and intercondylar area, with correlation coefficients (r) values of 0.726, 0.762, and 0.747, respectively. All morphometric parameters were comparable between the right and left sides of the tibia. ML, anteroposterior length of the lateral and medial condyles, intercondylar area, circumference, and tibia to tibial tuberosity length were significantly higher in males compared to females. Conclusion: This study provides a description of the morphometric parameters of the tibia among the Eastern Indian population. Although there was no significant difference in laterality, the parameters of male tibiae were significantly higher compared to females.
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) Collision on Human Body: Pros and Cons
Authors: Anam Sara , Anum Maria
Published: October 2023

Genomic amendment is genetic procedure which possessions adjustments in genomic technology of entirely types of existing creatures. GMO is well-defined as Organisms in which genomic substantial (DNA) will be transformed in a technique which is not happen obviously via breeding or else normal reunification. Customers remain usually involved in significant concerning diet they ingest, as well as its basis beside that, stipulation handled, the materials that might adding towards. By means of new ideas arise in nourishment creation schemes, customers could remain further apprehensive around then concerned of buying freshly technologically advanced foodstuffs. Hereditarily planned or hereditarily improved diets, or else individuals that comprise about hereditarily improved creatures, were presented in US marketplace as well as acted proceeding superstore tables popularin 1994 by Flavr Savr tomato. FDA agreed to the technique through Calgene of introducing genetic material which avoids accumulation of an enzyme which will then reason of unstiffening in the fruitlet, letting them economically vended Flavr Savr tomato to have extended service lifetime along with conservative tomatoes . On the other hand, the aforementioned manufactureterminated in 1997. Later two years, the overview of Flavr Savr, during 1996, weed killer resistingsoybeans have being announced within foodstuff scheme via let agriculturalists towards procedure which is generally appropriate for weed killer Roundup surrounded by meadow directed towards destroy a widespread variety of tidies deprived of damaging their unaffected Roundup Ready Harvests. During that time, GM and GMOs foodstuffs during specific increase incessant community discussion by means of favors their security, hazards, regulation, tagging and limit.
Level of Derived Benefits in FPOs
Authors: Brinly Sasitha S.  , Deepika M.  , Jeevapriya A.
Published: October 2023

Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) are platforms that serve for the growth and development of farmers in both rural and urban areas. Social capital is an asset that is studied by observing interactions and the relationships prevailing in collective organizations. In this paper, we study the contribution of social capital which is a critical element in the effective progress of Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs).

Level of derived benefits is one of the five components of Social Capital of the FPOs. Forty actively functioning Farmer Producer Organizations in Southern districts of Tamil Nadu were taken for this study. The sub components of derived benefits include eliminating intermediaries, marketable produce, better price for produce, quality consciousness, declining migration, access to resources, advance payment facility, assured price, livelihood improvement and provision of enhanced advisory (These are the 10 criteria under which the level of derived benefits was studied). Mean scores and percentage analysis were calculated to examine the contribution of each subcomponent in the sample of organizations. The results indicate that the components of Social Capital such as marketable produce, better prices for produce, quality consciousness, declining migration, access to resources, assured price, livelihood improvement, and provision of enhanced advice have been gained by more than half of the FPOs. Areas like eliminating intermediaries and advance payment facilities should be focused more on increasing social capital which in turn increases the performance of the organizations.
Evaluation of Bone Mass Density in Children and Adolescents with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Samy Omnia Ahmed , El-Shanshory Mohamed Ramadan , El-Badry Amr Mohamed Tawfek , El-Rifaey Shymaa Mohamed
Published: October 2023

Background: Leukemia is a group of blood cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow and result in high numbers of abnormal blood cells. These blood cells are not fully developed and are called blasts or leukaemia cells.

Aim of Work: Our study aimed to evaluate bone density by DXA scan in children and adolescents with Acute Lymphoblastic leukaemia at diagnosis and after 6 m of treatment with chemotherapy.

Subject and Methods: The study was conducted in the Pediatric Department Hematology and Oncology Unit of Tanta University and Tanta Cancer Center, From November 2020 to November 2022.

Study Subjects: Evaluation of Bone Mass Density in Children and Adolescents with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Study design: observational cross-sectional. This study included 25 children diagnosed with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (the same 25 Patients were examined at diagnosis and after 6 months of treatment with chemotherapy).

Results: The mean age of this study children was 7.92+ 3.59 years in group I and 8.42+ 3.59 years in group II. The two groups were matched as regards weight, Height, and BMI.

In the present study, Bone Mass Density was significantly lower in the leukaemia children after 6 months of treatment of chemotherapy (0.53±0.11), compared to leukaemia children at the time of diagnosis (0.59±0.11) (P<0.05). Also, bone mineral content and Z score were significantly lower in group II patients (20.5±7.82 and 1.120±0.37, respectively), compared to group I (23.13±9.18 and 2.25±0.45, respectively).

Conclusion: Bone Mass Density, bone mineral content and Z score are significantly lowered after chemotherapy of ALL patients. Since a reduced BMD predisposes to osteopenia and osteoporosis, the use of DXA scanning to evaluate and monitor BMD in children with ALL may be useful to identify those patients at risk for developing osteopenia, osteoporosis, and pathological fractures.
Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in a Vegetable Cultivated in a Conflict Zone
Authors: Yaradua A. I. , Bungudu J. I. , Shuaibu L. , Nasir A. , Usman A. , Kankia I. H. , Matazu N. U. , Suleiman Z. A. , Sada A. A. , Rumah F. A. , Bello U. , Tukur A. B. , Sani A. S. , Lawal R. G. , Matazu H. K. , Sani A. K. , Kabir Z. G. , Yaradua A. I. , Kabir H. G. , Halliru M. I. , Abbas A. , Dalhatu M. M. , Yaradua I. A. , Nasir M. N. , Mukhtar F. , Hassan M. , Abdullahi B. , Sabiru A. Y. , Darma I. S. , Nasir R. , Rawayau M. A. , Hamisu W. , Muhammad A. N.
Published: October 2023

The health risk to the population from exposure to heavy metals in an area that have witnessed a surge in illegal mining activities, cattle rustling and banditry were evaluated in the current study. Sorel (Hibiscus sabdariffa) leaves sample from Gadirge village, Jibia local Government area, Katsina State, Nigeria was evaluated for the presence of heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The health risks of the evaluated heavy metals in the sample to the population were assessed using the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Health Risk Index (HRI)) to assess the possible non-carcinogenic effect and the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) for the cancer risks. The result of the mean concentration values of the evaluated heavy metals Fe, and Pb from the sample falls above the Maximum Allowable Concentrations (MAC) of heavy metals in leafy vegetables. The concentrations of the other metals including Cu, Zn, Ni, Mn and Cd evaluated in the sample were within the permissible values The result of the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) associated with the evaluated heavy metals exposure through consumption of the sample for adults and children all were below 1, with exception of the THQ for the heavy metal Fe in the adults and children population and for Mn in the children population that were above 1. The combined health risks for all the metals in the sample for the adults and children population represented as the HRI were above 1, the result of the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) for both the adult and children population shows that the heavy metal Ni is beyond the threshold of the safety limit for cancer risk. There is a health risk concern from consumption of the vegetable sample as it may add to the disease burden of the population.
Geographical Indication of Fruit Crops in India and Its Protection Abroad
Authors: Ingole A. D. , Kumar Ajay , Jadhav P. J. , Kulkarni S. H.
Published: October 2023

This paper explores the importance of Geographical Indications (GIs) as important tools to protect traditional products and knowledge unique to specific geographical regions, emphasizing India's role in this global framework. Using both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies, we have analyzed the development, benefits, and challenges of the GI system in India, drawing from historical data, legal documentation, and recent GI registrations. Our findings highlight the critical impact of GIs on cultural preservation, rural development, legal frameworks, and marketing strategies. Furthermore, the study examines India's commitments under international agreements like TRIPS and the consequent domestic legislative actions. Highlighting recent GI registrations, particularly in the fruit sector, we have elucidated the various benefits of GIs to consumers, producers, and geographic regions alike. The paper is concluded by advocating for the strengthening and continuous evolution of the GI system to further harness its potential for cultural and economic enrichment
Response of Organic and Inorganic Nutrient Sources on Growth, Productivity and Nutrient Content of Wheat
Authors: Saharan Bhawana , Yadav R. S. , Kantwa S. R.
Published: October 2023

A study was conducted at college farm of Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India to evaluate the influence of integrated application of different nutrient sources on growth, yield and nutrient content of wheat (Triticum aestivum L). Experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications. Under different nutrient sources, i.e. control, 50 to 100% RDF, FYM 5 t ha-1, biofertilizers and their combined application were done. Findings exhibits that the application of 75 % RDF+5 t FYM ha-1+Azotobacter+PSB in wheat, significantly enhanced all growth (dry matter, chlorophyll content, total tillers, CGR, RGR and others) & yield attributes (Effective tillers, test weight and others), grain yield (4.12 t ha-1) and as quality, nutrient (N, P, K) content and protein content of wheat over rest of treatments, but it remained statistically at par with 100 % RDF+5 t FYM ha-1+ Azotobacter+PSB (grain yield 4.18 t ha-1). Thus, it is concluded that for better nutrient management, an integration of organic, inorganic and biofertilizers sould be done. With application of 75 % RDF+5 t FYM ha-1+Azotobacter+PSB, there is 25% saving of nutrients as compared to 100 % RDF+5 t FYM ha-1+ Azotobacter+PSB.
Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Sesame Genotypes Based on Morphological Characters
Authors: Ashfaq Md. , Rani K. Jhansi , Padmaja D. , Yadav Praduman , Betha Usha Kiran
Published: October 2023

Fifty sesame genotypes were evaluated to assess the extent of genetic diversity based on morphological characters. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes. Plant height (62.20 %) contributed most to the genetic divergence followed by number of capsules per plant (20.40 %). No relationship between geographic origin and genetic diversity was observed as genotypes from different sources were grouped in same clusters in spite of difference in their origin. Based on the intercluster distances, diverse parents from different clusters were identified for further use as parents in future breeding programmes.
Studies on Stover Yield of Maize with Basal Application of Fertilizer and Foliar Spraying of Gluconacetobacter diazotropicus on Available Nutrients in Soil
Authors: Padwar Garima , Padwar Gaurav Kumar , Dubey Sharda
Published: October 2023

The experiment on “Studies on Stover yield of maize with basal application of fertilizer and foliar spraying of Gluconacetobacter diazotropicus on available nutrients in soil” was carried out during Kharif 2022 in the experimental filed under Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry. The experiment was carried out according to a randomized block design (RBD) with 3 replication including 18 treatments of the microbial consortium Arthrobacter sp., phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (Bacillus sp.) and soluble bacteria. There is also Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus sprayed on leaves at 25, 45 and 65 DAS of the plant growth stages. Maize seeds (cv. JM 216, duration 110 days, sowing 20 kg/ha) were sown in the specified plot (size 3mx2m) on June 28, 2022, with a distance of 60 and 20 cm. Plants are supplemented with the recommended dose of fertilizer 120:60:40 (Nitrogen:P2O5:K2O kg/ha) in basic fertilization. Additionally, two types of control plots were maintained: fertilized un-inoculated (FUI) control plots and un-inoculated (UFUI) control plots. Regarding the study of main nutrients in the soil at harvest time, the combination of similar treatments also increased N, P and K by 21.31, 21.31 and 60.6%, respectively. The most effective treatment was performed systematically by a combination of RDF+Arthro+PSB+KSB treatments for all parameters. Simultaneous inoculation of biological products G. diazotropicus, Arthrobacter, PSB (Bacillus sp.) and KSB (Frateuria aurantia) when treating seeds and foliar fertilizing maize increased growth and the ability to provide important nutrients in the soil at harvest time. This is the positive impact of G.diazotropicus and Arthrobacter The data on stover yield ranged from 5618- 10729 kg/ha. All the treatments (except G. diazotropicus) increased significantly the grain yield over the control fertilized uninoculated (FUI). Among all the treatment combinations.
Dynamic regulation of LINC complex composition and function across tissues and contexts
Authors: King Megan C.
Published: October 2023

The concept of mechanotransduction to the nucleus through a direct force transmission mechanism has fascinated cell biologists for decades. Central to such a mechanism is the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, which spans the nuclear envelope to couple the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton to the nuclear lamina. In reality, there is not one LINC complex identity, but instead, a family of protein configurations of varied composition that exert both shared and unique functions. Regulated expression of LINC complex components, splice variants, and mechanoresponsive protein turnover mechanisms together shape the complement of LINC complex forms present in a given cell type. Disrupting specific gene(s) encoding LINC complex components therefore gives rise to a range of organismal defects. Moreover, evidence suggests that the mechanical environment remodels LINC complexes, providing a feedback mechanism by which cellular context influences the integration of the nucleus into the cytoskeleton. In particular, evidence for crosstalk between the nuclear and cytoplasmic intermediate filament networks communicated through the LINC complex represents an emerging theme in this active area of ongoing investigation.
Causal Factors for Osteoarthritis: A Scoping Review of Mendelian Randomization Studies
Authors: Alhassan Eaman , Nguyen Kevin , Hochberg Marc C. , Mitchell Braxton D.
Published: October 2023

Objective

Mendelian randomization (MR) has increasingly been utilized as a tool for establishing causal relations between modifiable exposures and osteoarthritis (OA). The goal of this review was to summarize available MR studies of OA that evaluate the causal role of modifiable risk factors on OA.

Methods

This review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) Extension for Scoping Reviews model. We performed a literature search for relevant studies published before December 2021 across multiple databases using the search terms “osteoarthritis” and (“Mendelian randomization” or “polygenic risk score”). We reported the MR estimates of causal associations between exposures and OA and then assessed methodologic quality of abstracted studies according to their efforts to validate the three key MR assumptions.

Results

Our search identified 45 studies reporting on 141 exposure‐association analyses. All studies performed a formal instrumental variable analysis to estimate the causal effect of exposure on OA. Causal associations (P < 0.05) were reported in 60 of these analyses representing 36 unique publications, and MR‐Egger sensitivity analyses were performed in 45 of these analyses. MR studies provided support for causal associations of OA with increased levels of adiposity, coffee consumption, bone mineral density, and sleep disturbance, and decreased levels of serum calcium and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Conclusion

These results highlight the potential benefits of weight reduction and improvement of sleep quality to reduce the risk of OA and call for a better understanding of the relations of coffee consumption and serum calcium to OA risk.

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All‐Electrical Detection of the Spin‐Charge Conversion in Nanodevices Based on SrTiO3 2‐D Electron Gases
Authors: Gallego Fernando , Trier Felix , Mallik Srijani , Bréhin Julien , Varotto Sara , Moreno Vicente‐Arche Luis , Gosavy Tanay , Lin Chia‐Ching , Coudevylle Jean‐René , Iglesias Lucía , Casanova Fèlix , Young Ian , Vila Laurent , Attané Jean‐Philippe , Bibes Manuel
Published: October 2023

The Magnetoelectric Spin‐Orbit (MESO) technology aims to bring logic into memory by combining a ferromagnet with a magnetoelectric (ME) element for information writing, and a spin‐orbit (SO) element for information read‐out through spin‐charge conversion. Among candidate SO materials to achieve a large MESO output signal, oxide Rashba two‐dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) have shown very large spin‐charge conversion efficiencies, albeit mostly in spin‐pumping experiments. Here, all‐electrical spin‐injection and spin‐charge conversion experiments in nanoscale devices harnessing the inverse Edelstein effect of SrTiO3 2DEGs are reported. Nanodevices aredesigned, patterned, and fabricated in which a spin current injected from a cobalt layer into the 2DEG is converted into a charge current. The spin‐charge conversion signal is optimized by applying back‐gate voltages and studied its temperature evolution. It further disentangles the inverse Edelstein contribution from spurious effects such as the planar Hall effect, the anomalous Hall effect, or the anisotropic magnetoresistance. The combination of non‐volatility and high energy efficiency of these devices can potentially lead to new technology paradigms for beyond‐CMOS computing architectures.
Micro‐Patterning Wettability in Very Large Scale Microfluidic Integrated Chips for Double Emulsion Generation
Authors: Wu Jingyu , Hwang Yoon‐Ho , Yadavali Sagar , Lee Daeyeon , Issadore David A.
Published: October 2023

The fabrication of microfluidic chips is becoming a mature field and channels can be reliably defined with micrometer‐scale precision in a variety of substrates. In addition to channel geometry, micrometer‐scale patterning of wettability in microfluidic channels is essential for many applications including multi‐phase flow stabilization and multiple emulsion generation. Unfortunately, current methods to pattern wettability in microfluidics suffer from low spatial resolution, inability for patterns to be arbitrarily defined, cumbersome procedures, and incompatibility with parallelized architectures for scaled‐up production of microfluidic generated materials. To address these issues, a method is developed to lithographically define micrometer‐scale resolution patterns of wettability on all channel surfaces (ceiling, floor, and walls) in silicon and glass microfluidic devices with complex 3D geometry. A process is reported to pattern silanes on microfluidic chips that uses photolithography and an optimized process that keeps silanized surfaces stable through the microfabrication process, including anodic bonding. The versatility of this approach is highlighted by patterning wettability of a silicon/glass device to generate both highly uniform water–in‐oil–in‐water and oil–in‐water–in‐oil double emulsions. The applicability of this process is demonstrated to the parallel generation of materials in a microfluidic chip with complex geometry, by fabricating and successfully validating parallelized double emulsion generators.
An Ultrafast Air Self‐Charging Zinc Battery
Authors: Su Wei , Zhang Yan , Wang Huimin , Yang Min , Niu Zhiqiang
Published: October 2023

Air self‐charging power systems possess the capability of energy harvesting, conversion, and storage simultaneously. However, in general, their self‐charging rate is slow and the batteries cannot be oxidized to the fully charged state due to the weak oxidizability of O2. Herein, an ultrafast air self‐charging aqueous zinc battery is designed by constructing a polyaniline@Pt/C (PANI@Pt/C) composite cathode. The introduction of Pt/C catalyst endows the redox reaction between PANI and O2 with fast reaction kinetics and extended redox potential difference. Therefore, the self‐charging rate of the Zn/PANI@Pt/C batteries is effectively accelerated and they can be self‐charged to fully charged state. Furthermore, the PANI can be recharged by O2 simultaneously during discharging process to compensate the consumed electrical energy, achieving prolonged energy supply. In addition, the PANI@Pt/C cathodes can be directly used as the cathodes of flexible self‐charging zinc batteries due to their excellent mechanical properties. As a proof of concept, flexible soft‐packaged Zn/PANI@Pt/C batteries are fabricated and displayed stable electrochemical performance and self‐rechargeability even at different bending states. A route is provided here to design ultrafast chemical self‐charging energy storage devices and the horizons of flexible energy storage devices are broadened.
Boosting Fast‐Charging Capability of High‐Voltage Li Metal Batteries with Ionic Liquid Modified Ethereal Electrolyte
Authors: Ding Kai , Begin Elijah J. , Yuan Shouyi , Zhong Mingyang , Wang Yang , Zhang Yingjie , Zeng Xiaoyuan , Bao Junwei Lucas , Wang Yonggang
Published: October 2023

Given the high compatibility with Li metal anodes, ethereal electrolytes have found widespread use in Li metal batteries. Unfortunately, their applications in high‐voltage Li metal batteries are hampered by a limited electrochemical window. In this study, a diluted ethereal electrolyte (with Li salt concentration < 1.5 m) is developed containing 1 m lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide (FSI) and 0.3 m LiNO3 in a N‐methyl‐N‐propylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PP13TFSI):dimethyl ether (DME) (v:v = 1:4) mixture for Li metal batteries with an aggressive high‐voltage cathode via the formation of an anion‐enriched solvation sheath. In contrast to high‐concentration electrolytes, the formation of the anion‐enriched solvation sheath in this design is facilitated by the addition of ionic liquids. Further theoretical calculations indicate that the presence of FSI− and NO3− anions in the first solvation sheath weakens the desolvation energy of the DME solvent, suggesting a faster desolvation process at the electrode interphase. Consequently, the designed electrolyte enables long‐term cycling of Li || LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) full cells over 1000 cycles at a high rate of 10 C. More notably, it also allows for a long cycle life of 100 cycles under a high rate of 5 C, even with limited negative capacity to positive capacity (N/P) ratio of 1.
Sex‐dependent cholinergic effects on amyloid pathology: A translational study
Authors: German‐Castelan Liliana , Shanks Hayley R. C. , Gros Robert , Saito Takashi , Saido Takaomi C. , Saksida Lisa M. , Bussey Timothy J. , Prado Marco A. M. , Schmitz Taylor W. , Prado Vania F. ,   the Australian Imaging Biomarkers and Lifestyle flagship study of ageing
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION

About two‐thirds of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients are women, who exhibit more severe pathology and cognitive decline than men. Whether biological sex causally modulates the relationship between cholinergic signaling and amyloid pathology remains unknown.

METHODS

We quantified amyloid beta (Aβ) in male and female App‐mutant mice with either decreased or increased cholinergic tone and examined the impact of ovariectomy and estradiol replacement in this relationship. We also investigated longitudinal changes in basal forebrain (cholinergic function) and Aβ in elderly individuals.

RESULTS

We show a causal relationship between cholinergic tone and amyloid pathology in males and ovariectomized female mice, which is decoupled in ovary‐intact and ovariectomized females receiving estradiol. In elderly humans, cholinergic loss exacerbates Aβ.

DISCUSSION

Our findings emphasize the importance of reflecting human menopause in mouse models. They also support a role for therapies targeting estradiol and cholinergic signaling to reduce Aβ.

Highlights

Cholinergic tone regulates amyloid beta (Aβ) pathology in males and ovariectomized female mice.

Estradiol uncouples the relationship between cholinergic tone and Aβ.

In elderly humans, cholinergic loss correlates with increased Aβ in both sexes.
Synthesis of Complex Diarylamines through a Ring‐Opening Difunctionalization Strategy**
Authors: Linde Erika , Olofsson Berit
Published: October 2023

The diarylation and skeletal diversification of unstrained cyclic amines was exploited to expand and modify the favorable properties of this important substrate class with pivotal roles in drug discovery. Cyclic amines were employed in the synthesis of a novel class of amino‐substituted diaryliodonium salts, which were converted to highly functionalized diarylamines through an atom‐efficient one‐pot N‐arylation/ring opening reaction with external nucleophiles. The reaction proceeds through in situ formation of a diarylammonium intermediate that undergoes a nucleophilic ring opening by cleavage of the strong C−N bond. A wide variety of diarylamines was obtained through introduction of two different aryl groups of varied electronics, and the retained iodo‐substituent enables downfield diversifications of the products. More than 20 nucleophiles, including amines, phenols, carboxylic acids, thiols and halides, were alkylated with high functional group tolerance, and the strategy proved efficient also in in late‐stage functionalization of natural products and pharmaceuticals.
Dynamic Phosphorus: Thiolate Exchange Cascades with Higher Phosphorothioates
Authors: Bouffard Jules , Coelho Filipe , Sakai Naomi , Matile Stefan
Published: October 2023

In this study, we introduce phosphorus, a pnictogen, as an exchange center for dynamic covalent chemistry. Cascade exchange of neutral phosphorotri‐ and ‐tetrathioates with thiolates is demonstrated in organic solvents, aqueous micellar systems, and in living cells. Exchange rates increase with the pH value, electrophilicity of the exchange center, and nucleophilicity of the exchangers. Molecular walking of the dynamic phosphorus center along Hammett gradients is simulated by the sequential addition of thiolate exchangers. Compared to phosphorotrithioates, tetrathioates are better electrophiles with higher exchange rates. Dynamic phosphorotri‐ and ‐tetrathioates are non‐toxic to HeLa Kyoto cells and participate in the dynamic networks that account for thiol‐mediated uptake into living cells.
Symmetry and Rigidity for Boosting Erbium‐Based Molecular Light‐Upconversion in Solution
Authors: Naseri Soroush , Taarit Inès , Bolvin Hélène , Bünzli Jean‐Claude , Fürstenberg Alexandre , Guénée Laure , Le‐Hoang Giau , Mirzakhani Mohsen , Nozary Homayoun , Rosspeintner Arnulf , Piguet Claude
Published: October 2023

Previously limited to highly symmetrical homoleptic triple‐helical complexes [Er(Lk)3]3+, where Lk are polyaromatic tridentate ligands, single‐center molecular‐based upconversion using linear optics and exploiting the excited‐state absorption mechanism (ESA) greatly benefits from the design of stable and low‐symmetrical [LkEr(hfa)3] heteroleptic adducts (hfa−=hexafluoroacetylacetonate anion). Depending on (i) the extended π‐electron delocalization, (ii) the flexibility and (iii) the heavy atom effect brought by the bound ligand Lk, the near‐infrared (801 nm) to visible green (542 nm) upconversion quantum yield measured for [LkEr(hfa)3] in solution at room temperature can be boosted by up to three orders of magnitude.
Light‐Driven Enantioselective Carbene‐Catalyzed Radical‐Radical Coupling
Authors: Byun Seunghwan , Hwang Meemie U. , Wise Henry R. , Bay Anna V. , Cheong Paul H.‐Y. , Scheidt Karl A.
Published: October 2023

An enantioselective carbene‐catalyzed radical‐radical coupling of acyl imidazoles and racemic Hantzsch esters is disclosed. This method involves the coupling of an N‐heterocyclic carbene‐derived ketyl radical and a secondary sp3‐carbon radical and allows access to chiral α‐aryl aliphatic ketones in moderate‐to‐good yields and enantioselectivities without any competitive epimerization. The utility of this protocol is highlighted by the late‐stage functionalization of various pharmaceutical compounds and is further demonstrated by the transformation of the enantioenriched products to biologically relevant molecules. Computational investigations reveal the N‐heterocyclic carbene controls the double‐facial selectivity of the ketyl radical and the alkyl radicals, respectively.
Does the origin region of institutional shareholders influence water disclosure in Indonesian companies?
Authors: Wicaksono Aditya Pandu , Setiawan Doddy
Published: October 2023

This study investigates the association between institutional shareholders and the extent of water disclosure in Indonesian companies based on the origin region of institutional investors, namely domestic, Asian, Western, and tax haven countries. Data are taken from 489 non‐financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period of 2014 to 2019. The developed hypotheses are tested using panel data with the ordinary least squares (OLS) method. This study reveals the level of water disclosure in Indonesian companies is relatively low. The higher percentage of shares are owned by institutional shareholders from domestic, Asian, and tax haven countries result the lower level of water disclosure. On the other hand, institutional shareholders from Western countries are the driver of water disclosure practices in Indonesian firms. The findings of this study provide the empirical evidence for policymakers, investors, and other stakeholders on the role of institutional shareholders in promoting water‐related disclosure practices in developing countries like Indonesia.
Dissecting a diagnostic enigma: Hypertension in a young patient from an organ of Zuckerkandl paraganglioma
Authors: Najjar Reabal , Paver Elizabeth , McGuane Jonathan , Frahm‐Jensen Gert
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical Message

Hypertension in young patients can mask rare conditions like paragangliomas, especially in the absence of conventional symptoms. A comprehensive diagnostic evaluation and multidisciplinary approach are crucial for optimal management and outcomes.
Primary omental ectopic pregnancy: A rare case report
Authors: Budha Bishal , Jha Kritika , Poudel Dhiraj , Pokharel Saroj , Aryal Suraj , Bajracharya Satish , Joshi Bishweshwar , Ghimire Asmita
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical Message

Primary abdominal pregnancy is the rarest form of ectopic pregnancy in which the fertilized ovum is directly implanted into peritoneal cavity. This condition poses significantly high risk of maternal morbidity and mortality. Here, we present a case of 5 weeks of primary omental pregnancy managed by laparotomy.
A case report of infanticide in rural Nepal: Sociocultural perspectives and forensic considerations
Authors: Gyawali Lokaratna , Atreya Alok , Kuinkel Preza , Sanyal Rabins , Shah Abhishek
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical Message

This case highlights the complex interplay of mental health, stigma, and lack of contraceptive access underlying tragic instances of infanticide. Comprehensive medicolegal investigation paired with cross‐sector efforts to expand reproductive services and transform cultural attitudes is crucial to protect vulnerable women and children.
Synthesis of Hypervalent Iodine Diazo Compounds and Their Application in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Zhang Cai , Wan Jie‐Ping
Published: October 2023

Diazomethyl‐substituted iodine(III) compounds with electron‐withdrawing groups (EWG) connected to diazo methyl center were a type of donor‐acceptor diazo compounds with potential reaction abilities similar to ordinary diazo compounds. Although several diazomethyl‐substituted iodine(III) compounds were synthesized and used in the nucleophilic substitution reactions as early as 1994, the synthesis and application of new iodine(III) diazo compounds have only been reported to a certain extent in recent years. In the presence of rhodium catalyst, photocatalyst, or nucleophiles, diazomethyl‐substituted iodine(III) compounds can be converted into rhodium‐carbenes, diazomethyl radicals, ester radicals or nucleophilic intermediates, which can be used as key intermediates for the formation of chemical bonds. The aim of this review is to give an overview of diazomethyl‐substituted iodine(III) compounds in organic synthesis.
Catalytic CO2 Reduction with Heptacoordinated Polypyridine Complexes: Switching the Selectivity via Metal Replacement
Authors: Droghetti Federico , Amati Agnese , Pascale Fabien , Crochet Aurélien , Pastore Mariachiara , Ruggi Albert , Natali Mirco
Published: October 2023

The discovery of molecular catalysts for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) in the presence of water, which are both effective and selective towards the generation of carbon‐based products, is a critical task. Herein we report the catalytic activity towards the CO2RR in acetonitrile/water mixtures by a cobalt complex and its iron analog both featuring the same redox‐active ligand and an unusual seven‐coordination environment. Bulk electrolysis experiments show that the cobalt complex mainly yields formate (52 % selectivity at an applied potential of −2.0 V vs Fc+/Fc and 1 % H2O) or H2 (up to 86 % selectivity at higher applied bias and water content), while the iron complex always delivers CO as the major product (selectivity >74 %). The different catalytic behavior is further confirmed under photochemical conditions with the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ sensitizer (bpy=2,2’‐bipyridine) and N,N‐diisopropylethylamine as electron donor, where the cobalt complex leads to preferential H2 formation (up to 89 % selectivity), while the iron analog quantitatively generates CO (up to 88 % selectivity). This is ascribed to a preference towards a metal‐hydride vs. a metal‐carboxyl pathway for the cobalt and the iron complex, respectively, and highlights how metal replacement may effectively impact on the reactivity of transition metal complexes towards solar fuel formation.
Decolonizing the curricula of an English teacher preparation program: An exploration of U.S. short stories in the Global South
Authors: Massó Marisol
Published: October 2023

Literature in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) contexts is used for language development and intercultural understanding. However, the role of literature, specifically short stories (SSs), in shaping cultural representations of the U.S. in EFL teacher preparation programs (TPPs) remains unclear. This study examines how U.S. SSs in an English TPP in Argentina portray sociocultural and racial groups and challenge colonial worldviews. Through critical discourse analysis, 21 SSs were analysed. The findings revealed that the curriculum prioritizes white dominant groups. Although there are few stories featuring people of colour and less privileged white individuals, the overall selection of SSs collectively creates a limited and outdated portrayal of U.S. society. To avoid misinterpretations, it is essential to provide additional context and contemporary stories to accurately reflect the diverse cultural landscape of the U.S., thereby challenging dominant narratives.