bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Homo Faber to Homo Creator? A Theological-Ethical Expedition into the Anthropological Depths of Synthetic Biology
Authors: Braun Matthias , Ried Jens , Dabrock Peter
Published: March 2013

Synthetic Biology is supposed to evoke new challenges for science and society. Yet it is a controversial point, up to which extend ethical as well as societal challenges will reach. This paper examines the question as to how a theological-ethical perspective can speak of an anthropological change in the understanding of human beings―as supposed by some philosophers―due to the successes and visions of synthetic biology. Regarding this, the metaphors appearing in the field of synthetic biology (playing God; living machine) will be briefly looked at as possible indicators of such an anthropological change. Based on this the particular theological understanding of creation will be questioned in order to finally examine the results in regard to its consequences for the discourse of the human being as homo creator.
Ethics of Synthetic Life: A Jaina Perspective
Authors: Key Chapple Christopher
Published: March 2013

Many Western philosophers, from Aristotle through Descartes and even Collingwood and Whitehead, have regarded the material world to be largely inert and subject to human intervention. The modern period has yielded more nuanced definitions of nature, seeing the process of life as self-generating and self-sustaining. The Jaina worldview, dating from the first several centuries before the common era, has developed an elaborate biological schematic that attributes sentience and hence soul to even the elements of earth, water, fire, and air. They also developed a sophisticated ethical response to the “livingness” of things. The Jaina attitudes toward synthetic life are explored at the end of the paper, suggesting that even engineered cells would nonetheless possess the qualities of life that must be valued and protected.
Effects of age, reproductive state, and the number of competitors on the dominance dynamics of wild female Hanuman langurs
Authors: Lu Amy , Borries Carola , Caselli Anna , Koenig Andreas
Published: March 2013

Female dominance hierarchies form as a result of individual differences in resource holding potential, social processes such as winner-loser effects or coalitions, and ecological conditions that favor contest competition. Contest competition is assumed to result in despotic, nepotistic, and stable hierarchies. However, female Hanuman langurs are exceptions to this pattern, with data from provisioned populations indicating despotic, yet individualistic (age-inversed) and unstable hierarchies despite strong within-group contest. We present data on hierarchical linearity, stability, and the determinants of female rank and rank change in a population of unprovisioned, wild Hanuman langurs (Ramnagar, Nepal). Based on 12 490 dyadic displacement interactions collected over 5 years from a medium-sized group (P group, mean = 6.9 adult females) and a large group (O group, mean = 13.6 adult females), stable periods (P group, ; O group, ) were identified and dominance hierarchies constructed with the program MatMan. In both groups, dominance hierarchies were linear (), with high directional consistency within dyads. Rank was negatively related with age, while the presence of maternal kin had no effect. Reproductive state affected dominance rank in the larger group, with females ascending the hierarchy prior to conception, and dropping in rank after birth. Ranks were unstable, with group size and the number of juvenile females driving the effect (GLMM, ). These results match earlier findings for provisioned populations. In female Hanuman langurs, competition seems most intense around conception and during gestation, creating rank instability, which is further exacerbated by the number of adult as well as maturing females.
Description of Ektaphelenchus taiwanensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Ektaphelenchinae) found in packaging wood from Taiwan
Authors: Gu Jianfeng , Wang Jiangling , Chen Xianfeng
Published: March 2013

Ektaphelenchus taiwanensis sp. n. is described and figured. The new species was isolated from pine packaging wood from Taiwan and inspected in Ningbo harbour, China, in 2009. Ektaphelenchus taiwanensis sp. n. is characterised by the lip region lacking a clear constriction separating it from the body contour, stylet relatively short (12-17 μm) and without basal knobs, and presence of three lines in the lateral field. The female post-uterine sac is less than a body diam. long, the rectum and anus are absent and the tail is conoid with a sharply pointed terminus. The male tail is conoid and has a hair-like mucron (0.5-2.5 μm), the spicules are mitten-shaped, 12.5-14.4 μm long (chord) and are smoothly curved with a prominent rounded condylus, prominent pointed rostrum, and broadly rounded distal end. There are three pairs of subventral caudal papillae. Ektaphelenchus taiwanensis sp. n. is similar to E. betulae, E. josephi, E. joyceae, E. prolobos, E. propora and E. tuerkorum from which it can be separated by a combination of various morphometric and morphological characters. The D2D3 LSU and partial SSU region sequences were analysed and aligned using ClustalW implemented in MEGA version 4.0. Phylogenetic trees were generated with the Neighbour Joining (NJ) method using the Tajima-Nei distance option. The feeding habit of the new species is briefly discussed.
Proof-of-concept for managing Meloidogyne hapla parasitic variability in carrot production soils
Authors: Melakeberhan Haddish , Wang Wei
Published: March 2013

Without resistant cultivars, conducive cropping systems and heterogeneous soils, managing parasitic variability of Meloidogyne hapla is a major challenge in carrot production. In glasshouse studies we tested a hypothesis that knowledge of carrot cultivars’ degrees of host suitability to populations of M. hapla could lead to developing site-specific management strategies. ‘Site-specific’ encompasses production practices, soil conditions and nematode problems. Interactions between the carrot cvs Abledo, Abundance, Enterprise, Eufora, Prodigy, Recoleta and Sugar Snax, and four M. hapla populations, Mh 1, Mh 2, Mh 3 and Mh 4, were examined. The tomato cv. Rutgers, in which the populations were cultured, was used as a nematode viability control. The first three populations were isolated from mineral soils and the fourth one from organic (muck) soil, all soils typical of carrot and other vegetable production in the US Midwest. While the reactions varied by population and by cultivar, the carrot cultivars proved to be hosts as suitable as, or more suitable than, cv. Rutgers tomato. All of the carrot cultivars were hosts as suitable as cv. Rutgers tomato to Mh 2, all but cv. Sugar Snax to Mh 3 and all but cvs Sugar Snax and Abundance to Mh 1. However, the Mh 3 infection levels in cv. Sugar Snax were as high as the Mh 2 infection levels. The cvs Sugar Snax and Abundance were the least suitable hosts for Mh 4 and Mh 1, and cv. Prodigy for Mh 4. The results suggest that identifying the reproductive potential of a resident M. hapla population is critical to making decisions about what carrot cultivars to plant as well as to minimise inoculum build-up in an infested field. The implications of the results across rotation crops are discussed.
Pre-objective Depth in Merleau-Ponty and Jackson Pollock
Authors: Schreyach Michael
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Pollock’s drip technique generated certain unconventional representational possibilities, including the possibility of expressing the pre-reflective involvement of an embodied, intentional subject in a perceptual world. Consequently, Pollock’s art can be understood to explore or investigate the pre-objective conditions of reflective and intellectual consciousness. His painting—here I consider Number 1, 1949—motivates viewers to consider the relationship between intention and meaning as it appears in both primordial and reflective dimensions of experience. The account proceeds in three stages. First, I review key features of Merleau-Ponty’s concept of the pre-objective and attempt to clarify the reflexive nature of investigating it by considering his analysis of Paul Cézanne’s technique. Second, I consider Pollock’s technique and some critical responses to it, while analyzing some of its implications for a notion of pictorial address. Finally, I examine the perceptual effects of Number 1, 1949 and interpret them, following Merleau-Ponty’s lead, in view of a revised understanding of the relationship between automatism and intention.
Polar Bears, a Melting Arctic, and the United States Endangered Species Act: The Role of Domestic Wildlife Law in Polar Biodiversity Protection
Authors: Siegel Kassie R. , Cummings Brendan R.
Published: March 2013

Abstract

On May 15, 2008, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service listed the polar bear under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) due to global warming and the melting of the bear’s sea-ice habitat. This highly-publicised event cemented the polar bear as the iconic example of the devastating impacts of global warming on the planet’s biodiversity, particularly with regard to impacts in the rapidly melting Arctic. The listing also raised the possibility of applying domestic wildlife law to address the seemingly intractable issue of reducing U.S. greenhouse gas emissions. In this paper we begin by providing an overview of the ESA, including its overarching objectives and key provisions. We then discuss how the ESA should operate to protect species imperiled by global warming and create an obligation on U.S. federal agencies and corporations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We use the example of the polar bear to explore the possibilities and limitations of using domestic wildlife law such as the ESA to bring the subject of global warming into the courtroom, to address greenhouse gas emissions, and to otherwise address protection of the highly imperiled polar regions.
Land Claim Agreements in Arctic Canada in Light of International Human Rights Norms
Authors: Bankes Nigel
Published: March 2013

Abstract

This article examines land claim agreements in Arctic Canada in light of international human rights norms, in particular the ICCPR, the CERD Convention, ILO 169 and the Inter-American human rights instruments and practice. The paper concludes that some of the provisions of land claim agreements are inconsistent with these norms. The paper also argues that land claim agreements should be based on the legal duty to recognise, delimit and title traditional occupation lands.
Charting a Sustainable Course through Changing Arctic Waters
Authors: Warner Robin
Published: March 2013

Abstract

As the Arctic ice recedes, the opportunities for all year round routing of merchant shipping through Arctic waters rise. The freeing up of Arctic waters may also attract increased numbers of scientific research vessels, vessels servicing oil and gas installations, foreign fishing vessels and warships. The prospect of major navigational channels opening up in this region bring risks to a pristine Arctic environment and its indigenous inhabitants. This article highlights the threats posed to the species, habitats and ecosystems of Arctic waters from increased shipping transits of the region including the potential for increased vessel source discharges of noxious and hazardous substances and the catastrophic consequences of groundings for the Arctic environment and its biodiversity. It reviews the legal controversies over the status of certain parts of Arctic waters and the navigational regimes applicable to foreign flag vessels transiting Arctic waters under the 1982 United Nations Law of the Sea Convention (LOSC). The need to balance navigational rights with appropriate environmental safeguards under an increasing array of international environmental principles including the precautionary approach and obligations to assess the impact of ship based activities on the global environment and its marine components is examined. The article then analyses some of the regulatory mechanisms which have been devised to promote environmentally sustainable navigation for shipping in sensitive areas of ocean space subject to high levels of shipping traffic through the International Maritime Organisation (IMO).
Legal Issues Relating to Navigation Through Arctic Waters
Authors: Scovazzi Tullio
Published: March 2013

Abstract

In the 2008 Ilulissat Declaration the Arctic countries state that the present law of the sea framework provides a solid foundation for the responsible management of the Arctic Ocean, But difficult legal questions which expect to be clarified are still pending as regards navigation in the region. Specific tools have been developed to address navigation in the region (in particular, the IMO Arctic Guidelines), but need to be strengthened as to their legal nature. Other tools which have a general scope could be applied also in the specific context of the Arctic Ocean (for instance, area based management tools and marine protected areas). The Arctic Council, the forum of regional co-operation among the eight Arctic States, could become an instrument to discuss and promote commonly agreed measures.
Arctic Ocean State-Changes: Self Interests and Common Interests
Authors: Berkman Paul Arthur
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Environmental and geopolitical state-changes are the underlying first principles of the diverse stakeholder positioning in the Arctic Ocean. The Arctic Ocean is changing from an ice-covered region to an ice-free region during the summer, which is an environmental state-change. As provided under the framework of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), the central Arctic Ocean currently involves “High-Seas” (beyond the “Exclusive Economic Zones”) and the underlying “Area” of the deep-sea floor (beyond the “Continental Shelves”). Governance applications of this ‘donut’ demography – with international space surrounded by sovereign sectors – would be a geopolitical state-change in the Arctic Ocean. International governance strategies and applications for the central Arctic Ocean have far-reaching implications for the stewardship of other international spaces, which between Antarctica and the ocean beyond national jurisdictions account for nearly 75 percent of the Earth’s surface. In view of planetary-scale strategies for humankind, with frameworks such as climate, the Arctic Ocean underscores the challenges and opportunities to balance the governance of nation states and international spaces centuries into the future.
Inuit Governance and Contemporary Challenges: New Questions for Arctic Governance
Authors: Pelaudeix Cécile
Published: March 2013

Abstract

This article explores the concept of governance, primarily in terms of policy rather than law, and examines current Inuit governance in light of recent economic and political changes in the Arctic region at the national and international level, with criteria of procedure (effficiency) and substance (equity). It points out that striking diffferences exist between Inuit regions in terms of governance and political institutions. Regarding procedure, it is shown that the main impediments are the fragmentation of administrative institutions and the implementations of provisions of agreements. In terms of equity, in some cases the right to self-determination is not guaranteed or efffective, and the ownership of land, sub-surface rights, except in Greenland is not operative. On the international stage, the equity criteria is not met. Completed with an approach in terms of politics, according to which the weigh of actors, such as Inuit actors, included in the process of governance, should be related to their political representativeness, the approach in terms of governance shows that Inuit governance has reached a stage that requires new balances of power between regional, national and international institutions, therefore a renewed reflection on centre and periphery to re-imagine the place the South could have in the North.
A New Faroese Constitution? – Faroe Islands between Parliamentary Sovereignty and Sub-Sovereign Constitutionalism, between Statutory Positivism and Pragmatic Reasoning
Authors: Larsen Bárður , á Rógvi Kári
Published: March 2013

Abstract

The Bill for a Faroese Constitution [StjórnarskipanFøroya] submitted to Parliament [Løgtingið] on 6 March 2010, proposes a comprehensive Constitution for the Faroe Islands, for the first in history. This seems left somewhat on the late side, since the Faroes are an ancient polity with similar historic developments to Norway and Iceland, both of which got their full-bodied constitutions as sub-sovereign entities, in 1814 and 1874 respectively. Furthermore, few metropolitan powers should prima facie be more accommodating to sub-sovereign constitutions as Denmark, to whose Crown the Faroes have been associated, as she has historically recognised both an Icelandic constitution ‘besides’ and both a Common Constitution1 and EU quasifederal2 structure ‘above’ the Danish one. However, the same proud civil service that produced a beautiful construction of federation with the ‘Basic-Law on the Rights of Nationality’ of 1756 with its elaborate hierarchy of ‘Realms and Lands’ and ‘equivalents’ has perplexingly advised rather strongly against the proposed expression of popular sovereignty of the equivalent Nation of one of these Lands and the intended invitation to continue a long-standing peaceful plurality. In a Note of 2 June 2010, and a supplementary Note of 20 June 2011, the Danish Justice Ministry expressed the disgust of the Danish administrative establishment. The critique mostly focused on the supposed collision course with the Basic Law of the Danish Realm [groundless] and claimed that the Faroese Constitution would create considerable ‘doubt of a constitutional character.’ We argue that the issues raised do not follow from any convincing constitutional doctrine but are more ideological and based on an anti-pragmatic, a-historic and fundamentalist view of constitutional law, best categorised as late-late statutory positivism. As an alternative, we suggest the tradition of the Home Rule compact as a pragmatic and constructive disagreement that the Justice Ministry is about to abandon at its peril. Blocking the development of a living constitutional culture on the Faroe Islands will create tension that will be released somehow. The Ministry’s preoccupation with the proclamation that all power stems from the People of the Faroe Islands is at odds with the classic and almost trivial democratic notion of popular sovereignty. However, this is but the latest skirmish in a larger tragic and unnecessary campaign against realism and, indeed, reality that creates all sorts of problems for a small polity that needs to focus on principled solutions and gradual developments of the particulars of law in all fields.
The Role of International Governance Systems in Protecting the Arctic Environment: Examining Climate Change Policy
Authors: Hasanat Md Waliul
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Since the 1990s, various international governance systems have been active in promoting the wellbeing of the northern part of the globe. The Arctic Council, the Barents Euro-Arctic Council, and the Northern Forum – three profound forms of governance – are in vogue in addressing the challenges faced by peoples residing in the Arctic. Climate change touches upon almost every issue connected to the wellbeing of the Arctic region. It also affects the primary goals and objectives of these governance systems. Over time, each initiative has developed its own climate policy. This article focuses on the climate policies of three soft-law governance systems and examines their role in addressing climate change in the Arctic.
Marine Protected Areas: The Chagos Case and the Need to Marry International Environmental Law with Indigenous Rights
Authors: Vithanage Achinthi
Published: March 2013

Abstract

In the race to meet environmental goals within approaching deadlines set by international conventions, missing the bigger picture and focusing on one complex issue amongst an interconnected array of complexities in a given context is easy to do. The marine environment is an example of such a context where the 2012 target for establishing networks of Marine Protected Areas set by the Convention on Biological Diversity and World Summit on Sustainable Development have resulted in a recent scamper for “bigger is better” and “no-take is best” policies underpinning Marine Protected Area implementation. Whilst the environmental benefits are highly commendable, the consequential absence of due regard for stakeholder interests, the implications for the access and benefit sharing provisions of the Convention on Biological Diversity as well as indigenous rights at international law are grave concerns which are explored through this Article.
The Antarctic Treaty System: What’s on the Horizon?
Authors: Jabour Julia
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Antarctic commentary is usually full of superlatives when describing 50 years of the Antarctic Treaty and the subsequent system that was developed by its Parties. Primarily this is because the Antarctic Treaty itself has lasted so long, and appears to be robust and enduring. This short paper looks at what is on the horizon for the Parties to the various instruments of the Antarctic Treaty System – the Antarctic Treaty and its Protocol on Environmental Protection, and the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. It identifies a number of key areas of concern that will challenge the Parties’ ability to maintain the successful status quo of today and meet the future with confidence. The future, characterised by the changing climate, will test the Parties in a number of crucial ways, including bringing into question their long-held principles of diplomacy and consensus decision-making.
Carbon Reduction in the Post-Kyoto era. Have we progressed? A comparison
Authors: Zeller Bruno , Longo Michael
Published: March 2013

In a fragmented global environment, the efforts of state and non-state actors are important in assessing the state of play on climate change mitigation actions around the world. This article will consider from a comparative perspective the various legislative models for addressing climate change and the reduction of GHG emissions with particular focus on the EU, USA, Australia and Switzerland. As legal developments are not limited to legislative schemes, this article will examine the voluntary carbon offset market and other trade related solutions to GHG emissions which have emerged in the absence of mandatory limitation systems. Also warranting attention are the actions of private parties in common law jurisdictions to bring legal proceedings against power companies for damage caused by climate change. Together, these developments demonstrate that climate change abatement is not the sole remit of the legislature.
Sham of the Moral Court? Testimony Sold as the Spoils of War
Authors: Findlay Mark , Ngane Sylvia
Published: March 2013

This paper analyses the critical influences on witness-based truth-telling for judicial decision-making in the international criminal tribunals. The judicial fixation on witness testimony reflects the weight and legitimacy given to personal testimony before international courts. This weight must be balanced by the awareness that a witness may provide false testimony intentionally, or may be coaxed by third parties to provide such testimony, as has been evidenced recently before the ICC. If witness testimony is tainted then its capacity to endorse the truth-finding function of the court is compromised. As a consequence the ability to assert that the tribunal is a ‘moral court’ based on empirical truth in such circumstances is jeopardized.

The nexus between witness testimony, truth, the morality of judicial determinations, and the legitimacy this affords is explored in what follows. We question whether simple assertions that witness testimony, tested through adversarial examination, produces truth and resultant morality, are all they seem. The analysis also critiques the forensic reality of witness testimony before the international tribunals.

Ultimately the paper suggests that while truthful testimony is crucial if international criminal trials are to produce legitimate judicial determinations, the naïve claim to a moral court as a consequence of tested witness testimony is problematic at least and unsustainable at best.
Excavation, Dating and Content of Two Tombs in Daphne, Odos Olgas 53, Athens
Authors: Pöhlmann Egert
Published: March 2013

Abstract

On 13. and 14. May 1981, in the course of emergency excavations in Odos Olgas 53 in Daphne, Athens, two tombs were excavated, the second of which was heralded as the Tomb of the Musician by the press. The contents were transferred to the National Archaeological Museum and later, after restoration, to the Archaeological Museum of Piraeus. In Tomb I there were found the bones of an adult person in his or her 40s, together with four lekythoi, which can be dated by their shape and the style of the paintings to about 430 B.C. In Tomb II there were found the bones of a young adult in his or her early 20s, together with toys, tools, a writing case with stylus and inkpot, fragments of a papyrus scroll and five leaves of two different wooden note-books (polyptycha), together with the remains of a lyre, a harp and one tube of a pair of auloi with mouthpiece. On the papyrus fragments and the polyptycha scanty remains of writing in the Ionian alphabet can be read. Some mythical names point to poetry; musical notation, alleged by the inventory books to be detectable, could not be seen. The harp is an example of the type called the ‘spindle harp’, which is represented on vase pictures from 430 to 410.
The Daphnē Aulos
Authors: Psaroudakēs Stelios
Published: March 2013

Abstract

The present paper concentrates on one of the musical instruments retrieved from Grave II at Daphnē, the wooden aulos. Only one pipe of the instrument, together with its bulbous mouthpiece, was found. In the organological account which follows, the pipe is described and assessed, and an attempt is made to reconstruct it and discover its scale.
The Daphnē Harp
Authors: Terzēs Chrēstos
Published: March 2013

Abstract

The present paper focuses on the trigōnon retrieved from Grave II. Only the sound box and one arm (the pillar) of the instrument have survived. In the organological study which follows, the find is evaluated in the light of the available iconography and literature, and of ancient and modern ethnological parallels. A replica was constructed in order to test the results of the analysis.1
Questions d’iconographie musicale: L’apport des terres cuites à la connaissance de la musique dans l’Égypte hellénistique et romaine
Authors: Vendries Christophe
Published: March 2013

Abstract

The Graeco-Egyptian terracottas produced during the Ptolemaic and Roman period provides good material for investigating musical life in Egypt. The majority of the Fayum terracottas have been found in tombs, or in private houses as sources of protection and good luck. Most of the motifs are original by comparison with the other terracotta work of the ancient world. Many musicians (aulos or syrinx players, harp players, women with drum or crotala) and dancers are shown among deities (mainly Harpocrates, Isis and Bès) and other cult celebrants in religious festivals. Cult practice is a common theme (we can see priests, prayers, wine and animals for sacrifice) and musicians provided performances during procession and festivals. The musician is associated with the cult by his crown (lotus-bud diadem or floral crown) and by the amphora at his feet, and most of them are ithyphallic, thus connoting prosperity. These pieces present an opportunity to investigate the connection between Egyptian and Greek traditions and to compare the motifs with papyrological and textual testimonies about music.
Learning Analytics Dashboard Applications
Authors: Verbert Katrien , Duval Erik , Klerkx Joris , Govaerts Sten , Santos José Luis
Published: March 2013

This article introduces learning analytics dashboards that visualize learning traces for learners and teachers. We present a conceptual framework that helps to analyze learning analytics applications for these kinds of users. We then present our own work in this area and compare with 15 related dashboard applications for learning. Most evaluations evaluate only part of our conceptual framework and do not assess whether dashboards contribute to behavior change or new understanding, probably also because such assessment requires longitudinal studies.
How Macro-Historical Change Shapes Cultural Taste
Authors: Fishman Robert M. , Lizardo Omar
Published: March 2013

In this article, we show that large-scale macro-political change can powerfully condition how institutional practices shape individual cultural choice. We study the paired comparison of Portugal and Spain, two long-similar societies that moved from authoritarianism to democracy through divergent pathways in the 1970s. Data from the 2001 Eurobarometer indicate that while the cultural choices of persons born before democratic transition are comparable across the two cases, Portuguese youth born under democracy are substantially more omnivorous than their Spanish counterparts. We shed light on this puzzle through a structured, focused comparison. Our argument is that whereas revolution in Portugal overturned hierarchies in numerous social institutions and unleashed an ambitious program of cultural transformation, Spain’s consensus-oriented transition was largely limited to remaking political institutions. We show that this macro-political divergence resulted in a key cross-case difference at the institutional level. Whereas pedagogical practices in Portugal encourage young people to adopt the post-canonical, anti-hierarchical orientation toward aesthetics constitutive of the omnivorous orientation, corresponding practices in Spain restrict omnivorousness by instilling a hierarchical, largely canonical attitude toward cultural works.
Legitimizing and Reclaiming Master’s Training and Education in Counseling Psychology
Authors: Palmer Laura K.
Published: March 2013

Jackson and Scheel aptly elucidate the relevance of master’s level counselor training programs for counseling psychology doctoral training programs, highlighting key antecedents of the current critical period in our relationship. Counseling psychology has an essential role in the professional lineage of counseling master’s programs. Master’s training programs have been essential in generating the revenue necessary to sustain doctoral training in counseling psychology at many if not most of our institutions. This commentary suggests that it is imperative for counseling psychology to first acknowledge the professional abdication of our master’s programs—and then fight to remedy the situation through reconciliation, and recognition of the unique professional contributions and identity of master’s level counselors. The remedy requires aggressive action and legislative advocacy on behalf of our master’s programs. A case study in effective legislative advocacy follows, providing suggestions for actions that may serve to ensure our viability.
Leggendo Henry James e guardando il Pincio… le città e gli amori in due romanzi di Angela Bianchini
Authors: Lucamante Stefania
Published: March 2013

Le città sono un insieme di tante cose: di memoria, di desideri, di segni d'un linguaggio; le città sono luoghi di scambio, come spiegano tutti i libri dell'economia, ma questi scambi non sono soltanto scambi di merci, sono scambi di parole, di desideri, di ricordi.1
The Old Man of Crete
Authors: Stark John
Published: March 2013

The Old Man of Crete, which appears in Inferno XIV, 94–120, is one of the more puzzling figures in Dante's Comedy. Noting allusions to the dream of Nebuchadnezzar and to Ovid's Metamorphoses and its location the middle of the world as known to medieval Europeans have done little to illuminate it. One does better by elaborating on the fact that it is supported by two feet that represent the temporal and spiritual realms and on its relation to Rome and Damietta. That is, it should recall Dante's points in On World Government that peace and the careful separation of the temporal and spiritual realms are necessary for the fulfillment of human potential. Rome's prime condition during Augustus' reign, its current degeneration, due in large part to the Papacy's meddling in temporal affairs, and the blurring of the boundary between the two realms during the battle that occurred at Damietta during the Fifth Crusade all help to explain the statue. The themes of peace and the separation of the temporal and the spiritual realms also are prominent in all the scenes that occur on or next to the rivers of hell, which flow from the statue. That confirms the importance of those themes in the cantiche as a whole and in the scene in which the Old Man appears.
A Courtier or a Prince: Shakespeare's Richard II as a Dramatization of Conflicting Paradigms of Political Craftsmanship
Authors: Baidini Cajsa C.
Published: March 2013

This essay explores Shakespeare's Richard II as a dramatic case study for the political methodologies of Machiavelli and Castiglione, as well as Pico della Mirandola's Oration on the Dignity of Man, which are examined as intersecting paradigms for self-fashioning and political dominance. Shakespeare's Richard is presented as a prince who, in addition to making serious strategic mistakes, fails to project a virtù sufficient to overcome the devastating peripheral conditions of his reign. Though the usurper of the throne, Richard's cousin Harry Bolingbroke, emerges as a consummate Machiavellian prince, his position is troubled by his inability to entirely disregard the spiritual nature of power which he has rejected with his bid for the crown.

The public display of power necessitates ritual manifestation, which is utterly at odds with a utilitarian characterization of power, but quite consistent with a numinous or spiritually endowed basis for kingship. Bolingbroke, however, skillfully glosses his utilitarian approach with traditionally popular elements – bis “common touch” combined with his understanding of civic ritual, and authorized by humanist ideals of man as a self-realizing creature he ultimately prevails as a ruler.
Women of the South and the Art of Carlo Levi
Authors: Bini Daniela
Published: March 2013

It was Levi's search for the “indistinto originario” ( Paura della libertà 19), the primordial magma where darkness and light are still fused, that attracted him to the land of interior Lucania; an area where instinct and reason, magic and science, nature and spirit were still one. And it perhaps was the same search that attracted him later on to the islands of Sicily and Sardinia. But Lucania was to remain the most congenial place to Levi's needs. In this essay I have a twofold purpose: to examine one aspect of this “indistinto originario,” the feminine, and Levi's complex relation with woman, but also to compare the Lucanian with the Sicilian female in order to show how Levi's perception of the feminine is more in tune with the former. For this purpose I discuss Verga's character Gnà Pina (la Lupa) and Levi's witch Giulia Venere. Finally I try to demonstrate that such “indistinto originario” can be better expressed through shapes and colors, that is, in painting, than through words.
Identity and Writing: A Lacanian Reading of ALBA DE CÉSPEDES' QUADERNO PROIBITO and Dacia Maraini's DONNA IN GUERRA
Authors: Gala Candelas
Published: March 2013

Lacan approach to identity and language represents a most critical revision of Western metaphysics and Cartesian certainties. His works have also ignited a number of heated responses from feminist critics. Lacan controversial theories offer much to consider for the analysis proposed in this paper, which is a reading of Céspedes Quaderno proibito and Maraini Donna in guerra using Lacan theoretical frame as the critical tool. Valeria and Vanna, the female characters in de Céspedes and Maraini novels, exemplify problems that arise from holding on to a sense of security that reasonableness and social propriety promise at the expense of one own desire. For both, the awareness of such conflict emerges through the process of writing a diary. Their diary entries reflect a gradual realization of the distance between what they discover about themselves and what the outside order tells them to be. Lacan explanation of reality through the orders of the Imaginary, Symbolic and Real, and his understanding of truth, lack and desire, clarify the areas of concerns that these authors raise regarding identity and gender difference.
LA GRANDE INCHIESTA SOCIALE NELL 'ULTIMA OPERA DI RAFFAELE VIVIANI: I DIECI COMANDAMENTI
Authors: Fischer Donatella
Published: March 2013

Il proposito di quest'articolo è di offrire una lettura dettagliata dell'ultima opera di Raffaele Viviani, I Died Comandamenti, scritta nel 1947. Essa costituisce indubbiamente il coronamento di tutta la vastissima opera teatrale dell'autore napoletano ma, forse perché il decalogo ebbe la sua prima rappresentazione solo a Roma nel 2000, a tutt'oggi c'è una mancanza tangibile di interesse per questo dramma. In quest'ottica, l'articolo vuole proporre una lettura de I Died Comandamenti che ne porti alla luce il suo aspetto profondamente sociale e politico, come pure la sua drammatica attualità. Il dramma ha una struttura teatrale basata su un prologo e dieci quadri, corrispondenti ai dieci Comandamenti, ciascuno dei quali illustra l'irrilevanza delle leggi bibliche o quantomeno l'estrema difficoltà dell'osservarle. Intavolando un'amara polemica con la religione, senza mai tuttavia scadere nella posizione facile dell'anticlericalismo tout court, Viviani mette in scena un penoso dibattito sulle condizioni sociali della gente di Napoli nell'immediato dopoguerra, e nel fare ciò l'autore si accosta a questioni scottanti come l'adulterio, la prostituzione, l'amore saffico, e l'ambiguità dei rapporti famigliari.
Rape, Rapture and Revision: Visionary Imagery and Historical Reconstruction in Elsa Morante's LA STORIA
Authors: Oram Lydia M.
Published: March 2013

In “Rape, Rapture and Revision: Visionary Imagery and Historical Reconstruction in Elsa Morante's La Storia,” I discuss Morante's revision of official history and her revalorization of personal history. My main focus is a reading of the main character's rape by a German soldier. I suggest that the rape may be read positively as well as negatively; that it positively refigures personal historical narratives and inverts the power dynamics of rape and official history. I do this by considering it through the lens of visionary medieval writings as a sort of rapture. Thus, I suggest a comparison between Ida's rape, sexual awakening and narratives of religious ecstasy.
The Dante Solution: FRATELLANZA and Deep Ecology
Authors: Appel Anne Milano
Published: March 2013

The relevance of the Commedia today is striking. Many of the issues found in Dante's poem still haunt us. The she-wolf is still at large in our world. A century has ended and a new one begun, and we are still searching for reason and balance, still struggling to attain harmony and fratellanza. In our effort to achieve rational conduct, a reading of Dante's poem within the context of deep ecology can provide an alternate lens through which to view the poem. Insofar as deep ecology offers the foundation for social change, it is attuned to Dante's goal of transforming individuals and society. Dante applied the Franciscan ideal to his political theory, prescribing fratellanza as the antidote to the societal disharmony he saw around him. We see this application in the Commedia in a four-stage progression of the Franciscan ideal: exemplified by Francis on earth, prefigured in the Garden before the fall, fully realized in the Celestial Rose-garden, and yet to be attained on earth.
From Document to Fable: The Simulacrum of History in Mihaileanu, Benigni, and Primo Levi
Authors: Pell Gregory M.
Published: March 2013

The central issue of this article is the act of storytelling as a positive moral act of testimony, even when the historical content is altered by the invention of comedic fiction. History is no less a fiction whose coherence is imposed in retrospect by the narrative written to contextualize it. Through the prism of Primo Levi's pseudo-historical accounts of the concentration camps, this article demonstrates how Roberto Benigni and Radu Mihaileanu offer new messages and force their viewers to re-examine events of the Shoah through humour without diminishing the gravity of them. Through comedy and fairy-tale, the two directors capture the humanity of both those who survived and those who did not. These films are not revisions as much as criticisms of the absurdity of the Holocaust. The directors borrow the Holocaust's absurd language and logic in their parodies and recodify them in their fables. We see in “La vita è bella” and “Train de vie” that the greatest danger is not in making a comedy about the Shoah but in forgetting to tell the story to contemporary audiences in ways that cause them to reassess their past and their humanity.
Crossing the Line: Gender Transgressions in Three Italian Films
Authors: Picchietti Virginia
Published: March 2013

As a medium that produces both a visual and spoken interpretation of elements of social identity, cinema proffers an instructive look at a culture's reaction to challenges to the gender conventions that define it. Alessandro Blasetti's La corona di ferro (1941), Bernardo Bertolucci's Il conformista (1970), and Lina Wertmuller's Sotto … Sotto … Strapazzato d'anomala passione (1984) reveal what can occur when individuals step outside the strict parameters of gender enforced by society and usher in the possibility of alternatives to the heterosexual union. The way the three films respond to their female characters' attempts at controlling gender provides insight into the social unease with the interpretation of masculinity and femininity. Indeed, the films mobilize to strengthen and reaffirm conventional gender categories. The female character who defies conventional codes of feminine behavior in these films is, respectively, the transvestite, the androgyne, and the lesbian. Because they obfuscate the social preference for transparency, they cannot be drawn as protagonists of a successful narrative. As a result, the main narrative works to remove them, or at least the threat they pose.
Madness in the Theater of Dario Fo and Franca Rame
Authors: D'arcangeli Luciana
Published: March 2013

This article traces the origins of madness in Dario Fo and Franca Rame's theatre both as a theatrical device and as a genuine illness. It identifies the main traits and differences of madmen and madwomen and where these originate in the Italian socio-political climate from the Sixties to the Nineties. Finally, it outlines(?) the importance of gender in relation to madness and its uses in the Fos' theatre.
“IL SOLITO È SEMPRE QUELLO, L'INSOLITO È PIÙ NUOVO”: LI BUFFONI E LE PROSTITUTE DI MARGHERITA COSTA FRA TRADIZIONE E INNOVAZIONE
Authors: Salvi Marcella
Published: March 2013

La poco conosciuta sebbene prolifica scrittrice professionista Margherita Costa (1600c–1657c), trascende lo spazio privato riservato alla donna nella società patriarcale e riesce ad imporsi con successo in un contesto socio-culturale prevalentemente maschile. Costa s'inserisce nelle corti italiane del diciassettesimo secolo come cantante, attrice, poetessa e meretrice. Oggetto d'analisi del presente articolo è la sua commedia Li buffoni del 1641. Essa illustra i processi d'interazione tra la voce femminile e l'universo simbolico della rappresentazione teatrale e mostra come, una volta entrata nel contesto maschile del teatro, la donna assume il controllo della “rappresentazione.” La mia analisi si pone l'obiettivo di evidenziare la maniera in cui la scrittrice si appropria, modificandoli, di modelli maschili istituzionalizzati come dominanti. Attraverso la rappresentazione di personaggi ai margini della società (buffoni e prostitute), Margherita Costa rompe con le convenzioni letterarie e sociali dell'epoca e dimostra che la voce della donna ha un suo spazio d'autorità nel contesto socio-culturale della prima modernità.
L'ESPERIENZA DEL MONDO E IL TEMA DELLA CONOSCENZA NELLA DIVINA COMMEDIA
Authors: Cacciaglia Norberto
Published: March 2013

In Dante's Comedy (in Inferno, canto XXVI) there are many subjects of great interest, as the Ulysses' travelling on a route we may identify as Eratosthenes' diaphragma (a geographical line through the Mediterranean Sea, dividing the classical oecumene into two imaginary parts), or else the memory of the medieval wanderings (as the Navigatio Brendani) and the travelling of the great voyageurs in Dante's age (Vivaldi brothers who disappeared in 1291 on a voyage from Genoa to the Indies, sailing West through the Straits of Gibraltar). Above all, Ulysses may be considered as a metaphor of Dante himself and of his yearning for knowledge: Dante was also challenging the unknown metaphysical world, pushed by reason and Faith. Otherwise, Guido Cavalcanti, the most beloved of Dante's friends, was trying the way of a rational knowledge only using his mind and according with the Averroes' radical interpretation of Aristotelian philosophy. This effort would be failed (as Dante suggests taking his speech with Cavalcante Cavalcanti in Inferno, canto X). Indeed Dante was following a different spiritual way, according to the Thomas Aquinas' philosophy: in his metaphysical journey his reason is driven by Faith and is propaedeutical to Theology.
Silone'S Celestino V and the Fabula of the Evolution of a Soul
Authors: Paolo Maria Grazia Di
Published: March 2013

This study explores the intra-textual and inter-textual connections existing between Pietro del Morrone, elected Pope Celestino V, the protagonist of Silone's L'avventura d'un povero cristiano and Pietro Spina, the author's main character of Vino e pane, Ed egli si nascose, and Il seme sotto la neve. Both characters undertake parallel journeys, but whereas Pietro Spina's voyage is essentially secular in nature, Pietro del Morrone's is essentially mystical. With a political revolutionist on the one hand and a religious leader on the the other, Silone, by reinterpreting history, shows us a dual pattern of behavioral tenet.
DINO BUZZATI: l'AMBIGUITÀ DELLA FANTASIA
Authors: Parisi Luciano
Published: March 2013

Imagination allowed Dino Buzzati to play with the readers' expectations, and to escape from stereotypes and conventions. It also allowed him to pay attention to the secret messages that nature seemed to send, and gave him a chance to interpret them. Imagination, finally, made it possible for Buzzati to create fictional worlds, more serene and just than the one in which he lived. In all these cases, imagination played a constructive part in Buzzati's work. There were, however, cases in which it led the writer to take the negative aspects of the world for granted, and provoked an excess of unjustified pessimism. Like everything else in his fiction, therefore, imagination had in Buzzati an ambiguous nature.
‘IL COLORE DELLA MIA PELLE”: RENEGOTIATING IDENTITY IN SHIRIN RAMZANALI FAZEL'S LONTANO DA MOGADISCIO
Authors: Benchouiha Lucie
Published: March 2013

This article examines aspects of contemporary identity theory in relation to one particular Italian ‘immigrant’ text, Shirin Ramzanali Fazel's Lontano da Mogadiscio. It establishes the ways in which Fazel outlines and renegotiates facets of her identity, in particular the notions of linguistic, national and racial identity, within the context of theories on postcolonial and immigrant writing. It analyzes, builds on and applies associated and relevant theories of Otherness, black women's writing, diaspora, place and home to the specific context of this text, focusing on the reassessment and redefinition of certain aspects of identity as a direct result of Fazel's experience of migration.