bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Purpose, tasks and functions of constitutional and legal responsibility: questions of efficiency of realization
Authors: Batanova Nataliia
Published: February 2021

In the article some problems of the theory of functions of constitutional and legal responsibility are researched. The relationshipbetween the goals, objectives and functions of constitutional legal responsibility, the functions of the Constitution, the functions of constitutionallaw, the functions of the state and the like is substantiated.Exploring the problems of constitutional and legal responsibility, it is necessary to proceed from a methodological position onunderstanding the functions of legal responsibility in general and the functions of constitutional and legal responsibility in particular,as an active way of constitutional and legal responsibility, directions and forms of its impact on public relationship, the content of thistype of legal responsibility, its purpose in society and the state, as well as its place in the system of protection of the Constitution andthe constitutional order.Equally important in creating a holistic theory of the functions of constitutional responsibility is the consideration and relationshipof the category “function of constitutional responsibility” and phenomena such as “objectives of constitutional responsibility”,“tasks of constitutional and legal responsibility” and “principles of constitutional and legal responsibility”. Certain theoretical differencesin the definition of these essentially different and, at the same time, interconnected categories give rise to significant contradictionsand conflicts in constitutional theory and legislative practice. They can be overcome only by creating a holistic system of conceptsin which the concept of “function of constitutional and legal responsibility” will occupy a clearly defined place.It is concluded that the concept of “functions of constitutional and legal responsibility”, on the one hand, and the concept of“functions of the Constitution”, “functions of constitutional law”, “functions of the state”, “functions of subjects of constitutional law”,on the other hand, are mutually related. Consequently, this issue of scientific research is relevant and practically significant both interms of the theory of constitutional law and its institutions, primarily the theory of constitutional and legal responsibility, and theapplied aspect, primarily in the context of formation and implementation of legal personality of subjects in constitutional and legal relationship,first of all, bodies and officials of state power and local self-government.It is argued that its functionality and effectiveness depend on the correct definition of the goals and objectives of constitutionalresponsibility.
Constitutional and legal status of the Constitutional Council of France
Authors: Irkliienko Andrey
Published: February 2021

he Constitutional Council of France is a body of constitutional control established by the Constitution of 1958. The ConstitutionalCouncil is not the only body that carries out the control over constitutionality. The peculiarity of constitutional control in France consistsin the fact that it has a dual nature and goes beyond well-known models of constitutional control. The constitutionality of acts, issuedby the Parliament, is considered by the Constitutional Council, and after the executive bodies do that, it is passed on to the State Council.Despite the fact that the Constitutional Council is not nominated by a court, its decisions, by their essence, are judicial acts and,likewise the decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, are endowed with the property of binding force. They are obligatory forall administrative and judicial bodies and are not subjected to revision (the Paragraph 3 of the Article 62 of the French Constitution).However, it should be taken into account that in addition to binding decisions, the Constitutional Council “expresses opinions” that areadvisory in their nature.In addition to carrying out constitutional control, the Constitutional Council has a number of other functions, such as political,advisory and acts as a court to assess the results of elections of deputies to the National Assembly and the Senate, and elections of thePresident of the Republic. Perhaps that is why the Constitutional Council classifies its decisions due to the types of its own powers.Herewith, the noted specific peculiarities are denoted by the Constitutional Council with the help of fixed letter combinations, which are included in the numbers of decision: REF, enacted on referendum issues; ORGA, enacted on issues of the organization of the Cons -titutional Council, etc.Since, despite all the diversity of functions of the Constitutional Council of France, therefore, its main purpose remains the cons -titutional control. Therefore, using the criterion of powers, under which decisions are made, in terms of initial graduation one shouldpoint out the decisions on issues, which are connected with providing compliance of the Constitution with regulatory acts (assuring thepriority of the Constitution), and decisions passed while carrying out other powers.Decisions of the Constitutional Council outstand with being formal and brief. A decision can take literally a few paragraphs. Themost frequently, the Constitutional Council merely refers to a constitutional norm or is limited to the phrase “these provisions do notcontradict the Constitution”, giving guidance and justifying its position in the least.
Problems of delimitation of the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait
Authors: Panchenko Iryna
Published: February 2021

The article gradually considers the negotiation process between Ukraine and the Russian Federation on the delimitation of theSea of Azov and the Kerch Strait from 1991 to the present. It was established that according to the map of the inter-republican borderbetween the Ukrainian SSR and the Russian SSR, and according to the division of maritime waters on the basis of international law,Russia should get a smaller part of the Sea of Azov. That is why Russia was not interested in the rapid establishment of a state borderon water. It was advantageous for Russia to delay the negotiation process on this issue and use the Sea of Azov on the same terms asbefore the collapse of the USSR.The article also focuses on numerous attempts of Ukrainian diplomats to achieve legal certainty in the delimitation of the Sea ofAzov and the Kerch Strait. A total of 36 rounds of border talks about the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait, held from 1996 to 2012under the leadership of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine, showed that Russia was ready to delimit the Sea of Azov only onits own terms but not on the basis of international maritime law.After the annexation of Crimea, a new round of relations begins regarding the division of the Black Sea. Russia acted quicklyand in March 2014 announced a tender for a construction project of a bridge that would connect mainland Russia and the CrimeanPeninsula, which at that time had already been illegally incorporated into the Russian Federation. Moscow has stated that the KerchStrait should be fully controlled by them, as both shores are Russian.In 2016, Ukraine filed a lawsuit against Russia in the Hague Arbitration Court for breaking the UN Convention on the Law ofthe Sea in the Black and Azov Seas and in the Kerch Strait. For today we don’t know what decision will be made by the Hague tribunal,but there is reason to believe that the chances for winning of Ukraine are high.The problem of the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait has no simple solution. For today the only option is to wait for a decisionof the Arbitration Tribunal. Only on its basis Ukraine will be able to achieve the best strategy of the relations with Russia on the delimitationthe Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait.
Jurisdictional issues in the Ogoni case
Authors: Medvedieva Maryna
Published: February 2021

The article analyzes the Ogoni case, which combines several high-profile lawsuits in the courts of Nigeria, the United States, theNetherlands, the United Kingdom, the African Commission on Human Rights, and the Court of Justice of the Economic Communityof West Africa. Practical issues related to the jurisdiction of states are covered, namely, extraterritorial jurisdiction, universal jurisdictionin civil matters, ‘piercing the corporate veil’, ‘forum shopping’, doctrines ‘forum non conveniens’, ‘forum necessitatis’, etc. The Ogonicase demonstrated the diversity and complexity of jurisdictional issues at the national and international levels. Although in terms ofjurisdiction the courts of Nigeria were the most appropriate forum to bring an action in this case, due to the inefficiency of the Nigerianjudicial system, the plaintiffs appealed to other jurisdictions. The Wiwa and Kiobel cases before the US courts can be considered asexamples of an attempt, albeit unsuccessful, to implement the extraterritorial application of US national law and to apply the principleof universal jurisdiction in civil tort cases. US courts have denied the plaintiffs’ claims under the ‘forum non conveniens’ doctrine andrefused to apply extraterritorially the American tort law to corporations located and registered in other states. In the Akpan case, theDistrict Court of the Netherlands refused to ‘pierce the corporate veil’, but the Court of Appeal ruled that it had jurisdiction to hear thacase concerning both Shell and the Nigerian subsidiary. In the Kiobel case, which is also before the courts of the Netherlands, an alternativebasis for jurisdiction was used – ‘forum necessitatis’. In the Okpabi case, the British courts have so far refused to recognize theirjurisdiction. It should be noted that the Wiwa and Kiobel cases concern the liability of Shell and SPDC for human rights violations,while the Akpan and Okpabi cases concern the civil liability for environmental damage. The above proceedings in national and internationalcourts are a clear example of ‘forum shopping’. The case was considered by the African Commission on Human Rights, whichrecognized its jurisdiction despite the absence of domestic remedies exhaustion, and by the West African Economic Community Court,which recognized its jurisdiction to hear the case under the African Charter as well as international covenants on human rights.
Interpretation of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms in the light of modern concepts of legal understanding
Authors: Liashenko Ruslana , Dobrovinsky Myroslav
Published: February 2021

The article presents the results of theoretical and practical research of the interpretation of the European Convention for the Protectionof Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms in the light of modern concepts of legal understanding.On July 17, 1997, Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine ratified the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and FundamentalFreedoms of 1950 (hereinafter – the Convention), which was the initial stage in the formation and development of Ukrainianlaw and legal science in general. From that moment, a new stage began – the introduction of legal practice and legal values of Europeinto Ukrainian law.The Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, as a complex mechanism has a direct effectwithin the jurisdiction of the Ukrainian court system, the principles of interpretation of the Convention applied by the European Courtof Human Rights are valuable and special for judges in Ukraine. One of the main methods of interpreting the Convention is the principleof judicial precedent. Judicial case law is an important part of the legal system of common law states, and the increase in the boundariesof judicial precedent has been observed in Western Europe over the past century. The case law of the European Court of Human Rightsis an additional factor for the official recognition of judicial precedent as a source of law in the protection of human rights, which willhelp strengthen the independence of the judiciary in Ukraine.

Nowadays, the use of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms in Ukraine makes it possibleto replace the prevailing positivist views on law, apply the latest principles of interpretation of human and civil rights, and developthe constitutional jurisprudence of fundamental human rights.The Convention opens a new horizon of tasks in the development of democracy in Ukraine, with the basic principles of whichvarious legal acts of the country must be monitored for compliance with fundamental human rights and freedoms.Through the interpretation and use of the Convention, our state has begun a rapid process of moving away from the positivistunderstanding of law, which has resulted in the emergence of the necessary for the further development of pluralism of legal understandingof law.
New wine in old bottles: applicability of the rules on attribution to cyberattacks committed against objects of critical infrastructure
Authors: Muzyka Viktoriia
Published: February 2021

Growing number of cyberattacks committed by states or with their support testifies to the need of legal attribution for the purposeof international responsibility. Tallin Manual that comprises authoritative findings on how the attribution rules should be applied raisesa serious concern about the practical possibility to establish attribution. The main reason for this concern may be found in the nature ofcyberspace that is characterized by anonymity, spoofing and targeting from the territory of other states etc.The rules of Tallinn Manual reiterated the provisions of ARSIWA and do not evidence about the existence of lex specialis forcyberattacks attribution. Pursuant to them, states are responsible for actions of their de facto and de jure organs empowered to exercisethe elements of governmental functions, private actors within their effective control or for the violation of due diligence obligations.This article argues that there is no necessity to change the rules on attribution, but, due to limited human and technical resourcesof most states, a special body for technical attribution should be created. The author analyses the different proposals that foresees amembership of states or fully excludes it. Notwithstanding a model, which may be chosen, there should be a variety of technical exper -tise and limitations of states ability to impact a decision concerning the choice of a case and its outcomes.
KEWAJIBAN BIDAN DALAM MENANGGULANGI KEMATIAN IBU DAN KEMATIAN BAYI DI HUBUNGKAN DENGAN UNDANG-UNDANG KESEHATAN NOMOR 36 TAHUN 2009 TENTANG KESEHATAN JUNCTO KEPUTUSAN GUBERNUR JAWA BARAT NOMOR 441.8/KEP.1076-DINKES/2014 TENTANG TIM KOORDINASI PROGRAM PENYELAMATAN IBU DAN BAYI BARU LAHIR
Authors: Dewi Sartika
Published: February 2021

ABSTRAK

Bidan memberikan pelayanan kebidanan yang berkesinambungan dan paripurna, berfokus pada aspek pencegahan, promosi dengan berlandasan kemitraan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat bersama-sama dengan tenaga kesehatan lainnya untuk senantiasa siap melayani siapa saja yang membutuhkan, kapan dan dimanapun dia berada. Kementrian Kesehatan telah mengembangkan serangkaian model terobosan berbasis tekhnologi informasi dan komunikasi guna meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan komplikasi kegawatdaruratan ibu dan bayi serta meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektivitas sistem rujukan mengingat UU No 36 tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan. Kementrian Kesehatan memberikan terobosan terbaru dalam penangananan AKI dan AKB dengan meluncurkan program EMAS (expanding, maternal, and newborn survival). Sijariemas Kabupaten Karawang adalah sistem informasi komunikasi jejaring rujukan gawat darurat ibu dan bayi baru lahir, yang telah diintegrasikan dengan karawang sehat dan KEPGUB No 441.8/Kep.1076-Dinkes/2014 Tentang Tim Koordinasi Program Penyelamatan Ibu dan Bayi Baru Lahir.

Kata kunci : Kematian Ibu (AKI) dan Kematian Bayi (AKB), Program SijariEMAS

ABSTRCAK

Midwives provide continuous midwifery services and plenary, focusing on the aspects of prevention, promotion to partnership and empowerment grounded together with other health professionals are always ready to serve anyone in need, whenever and wherever he is. The Ministry of Health has developed a series of models based breakthrough information and communication technology in order to improve the quality of emergency services maternal and infant complications and to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of referral systems considering Act No. 36 of 2009 on Health. The Ministry of Health provides the latest breakthroughs in the handling of this MMR and IMR by launching a program GOLD (expanding, maternal, and newborn survival). Sijariemas Karawang is the communication of information systems emergency referral network of mothers and newborns, which has been integrated with healthy karawang and KEPGUB No. 441.8 / Kep.1076-DHO / 2014 About the Program Coordination Team Rescue Mother and Newborn

Keywords: Maternal Mortality (MMR) and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR), EMAS Karawang
ANALISIS PELANGGARAN PEMBAYARAN UPAH MINIMUM (Studi Putusan No. 401/PID.B/2012/PN.Bwi)
Authors: Abas Muhamad
Published: February 2021

Abstrak Pengertian tentang upah dalam Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan adalah hak pekerja/buruh yang diterima dan dinyatakan dalam bentuk uang sebagai imbalan dari pengusaha atau pemberi kerja kepada pekerja/buruh yang ditetapkan dan dibayarkan menurut suatu perjanjian kerja, kesepakatan, atau peraturan perundang undangan, termasuk tunjangan bagi pekerja/buruh dan keluarganya atas suatu pekerjaan dan/atau jasa yang telah atau akan dilakukan. Sedangkan Abdul Khakim mengatakan bahwa upah adalah hak pekerja yang diterima dan dinyatakan dalam bentuk uang sebagai imbalan dari pengusaha atau pemberi kerja kepada pekerja yang ditetapkan dan dibayarkan menurut suatu perjanjian kerja, kesepakatan, atau peraturan perundang-undangan, termasuk tunjangan bagi pekerja dan keluarganya atas suatu pekerjaan dan/atau jasa yang telah atau akan dilakukan. Pengertian upah minimum menurut Permenaker Nomor 7 Tahun 2013 tentang upah minimum Pasal 1 ayat 1 bahwa Upah Minimum adalah upah bulanan terendah yang terdiri atas upah pokok termasuk tunjangan tetap yang ditetapkan oleh gubernur sebagai jaring pengaman. Upah minimum ini berlaku bagi pekerja lajang yang memiliki pengalaman kerja 0-1 tahun, berfungsi sebagai jaring pengaman, ditetapkan melalui Keputusan Gubernur berdasarkan rekomendasi dari Dewan Pengupahan dan berlaku selama 1 tahun berjalan.

Kata Kunci: Upah Minimum, Pekerja, Pengusaha
ANALISIS PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI PEJALAN KAKI BERDASARKAN PADA PERATURAN DAERAH NO. 6 TAHUN 2011 TENTANG PENYELENGGARAAN KETERTIBAN, KEBERSIHAN DAN KEINDAHAN DI KARAWANG
Authors: Irma Garwan  , Anwar Hidayat
Published: February 2021

Kecelakaan bagi pejalan kaki, seperti halnya kecelakaan lalu lintas jalan lainnya, tidak bisa diprediksi dan dicegah. Negara dalam hal ini adalah pemerintah haruslah memperhatikan dalam menangani masalah keselamatan bagi pejalan kaki dengan mengimplementasikan langkah-langkah efektif. Beberapa rekomendasi meminta pemerintah untuk mempertimbangkan kebutuhan semua pengguna jalan, termasuk pejalan kaki dan pengendara sepeda, ketika keputusan tentang rancangan jalan dan infrastruktur, perencanaan tata guna lahan dan layanan transfortasi. Dan dari hasil yang diteliti penulis dalam hal ini mengenai faktor-faktor utama yang mempengaruhi resiko kecelakaan lalu lintas bagi pejalan kaki mencakup diantaranya 1). Kecepatan dan risiko kecelakaan pejalan kaki 2). Alkohol. 3) Kurangnya fasilitas pejalan kaki dalam perancangan jalan dan perencanaan tata guna lahan 4). Buruknya visibility pejalan kaki.

Accidents for pedestrians, as well as other road traffic accidents, cannot be predicted and prevented. The country in this case is that the government should pay attention to the problem of safety for pedestrians by implementing effective measures. Some recommendations require the Government to consider the needs of all road users, including pedestrians and cyclists, when decisions about road design and infrastructure, land use planning and transfortation services. And from the results examined by the authors in this regard on the main factors that affect the risk of traffic accidents for pedestrians include 1). Speed and risk of pedestrian accident 2). Alcohol. 3) The lack of pedestrian facilities in road planning and land use planning 4). Poor pedestrian visibility
Studi kasus evaluasi penaatan aspek pengolahan limbah cair industri farmasi
Authors: Meirdana Sasanti , Utomo Suyud Warno
Published: February 2021

Industri farmasi merupakan salah satu industri yang tengah mengalami pertumbuhan di Indonesia. Salah satu perusahaan farmasi di Indonesia adalah PT X. Pada kegiatan produksinya, perusahaan menghasilkan empat kelompok limbah yaitu limbah cair, domestik, bahan berbahaya dan beracun (B3), serta gas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efektivitas pengolahan limbah cair dan ketaatan aspek pengolahan limbah cair berdasarkan ketentuan peraturan yang berlaku di Indonesia. Metode penelitian berupa pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data mencakup dokumentasi, observasi dan wawancara tidak terstruktur. Pengolahan limbah kegiatan domestik, produksi dan penunjang menggunakan metode pengolahan limbah anaerob-aerob dengan proporsi 70:30. Hasil pengolahan limbah memperlihatkan kecenderungan bahwa parameter-parameter selalu memenuhi baku mutu selama 3 tahun terakhir, kecuali COD.
Greetings from Auschwitz
Authors: Szypulski Paweł
Published: February 2021

Presentation of a part of Paweł Szypulski's collection entitled "Greetings from Auschwitz."
Sourcebook. Fragments
Authors: Piskorska Liliana
Published: February 2021

Presentation of Liliana Piskorska's "Sourcebook/Książka źródeł" project.
Dwifungsi TNI dari Masa ke Masa
Authors: Azwar Asrudin , Suryana Mirza Jaka
Published: February 2021

Dwifungsi angkatan bersenjata di Indonesia berevolusi dan mencapai puncaknya pada era Orba. Di era ini peran sosial-politik ABRI menjadi sangat dominan dalam segala aspek kehidupan masyarakat. Namun setelah rezim Orba runtuh pada 1998, dengan krisis moneter akut yang menyertainya, masyarakat Indonesia menuntut negara ini menjadi demokratis seutuhnya. Akibatnya, Dwifungsi ABRI pun ditinggalkan. Tapi seiring berjalannya waktu, upaya untuk mengembalikan Dwifungsi tetaplah kuat. Kini jenderal-jenderal TNI bahkan sudah mulai mengisi berbagai jabatan sipil. Ini tentu saja merupakan langkah mundur dan membuat Indonesia seakan kembali ke masa otoriter. Rencana pemerintahan Jokowi untuk memberikan ruang jabatan bagi militer di kementerian dan institusi sipil lainnya bertentangan dengan semangat demokrasi dan jika dibiarkan akan menjurus kepada sikap otoritarianisme.
EFEKTIFITAS PENYEBARAN INFORMASI COVID-19 MELALUI MEDIA TWITTER KEMENTRIAN KESEHATAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA DAN BADAN NASIONAL PENANGGULANGAN BENCANA
Authors: Setiawan Anang , Saputra Herdin Arie , Atmojo Muhammad Eko
Published: February 2021

Teknologi informasi yang ada harus dimanfaatkan oleh pemerintah dalam menjalin komunikasi maupun transparansi data. Kedua hal itumenjadi sangat penting disaat pandemic seperti sekarang ini. Mengingat platform yang bisa digunakan untuk komunikasi maupun penyajian data sangat beragam, sehingga tidak ada alasan untuk tidak terbuka terhadap masyarakat terutama dalam hal penyajian data covid-19. Metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan melakukan dengan melakukan penelusuran pada akun twitter kementerian Kesehatan RI dan Badan Nasional Penanganan Bencara RI. Selama periode 3 Maret 2020 hingga 31 Mei 2020. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia telah melakukan segala aktivitas berdasarkan himbauan untuk mengajak masyarakat agar tetap waspada pada covid-19 yang sudah menularkan ke sebagian besar Negara-negara di seluruh dunia. Akan tetapi usaha interaksi di platform twitter tidak menurun seiring dengan semakin melonjaknya covid-19. Interaksi twitter Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana Republik Indonesia diawal masa pandemic yaitu pada bulan maret tahun 2020 mempunyai nilai interaksi tweet sebesar 11.36%, dibulan april sebesar 18.72%, dan ada bulan may sebesar 17.69% yang memberikan informasi terkait dengan pandemic covid-19, berbagai aspek di situasi pandemic seperti penanggulangan, pencegahan, hingga informasi terkonfirmasinya covid-19 di Indonesia.
ANALISIS KRITIS TERHADAP GERAKAN NASIONAL LITERASI DIGITAL DALAM PERSPEKTIF GOOD GOVERNANCE
Authors: Kurnia Dadan
Published: February 2021

Tulisan ini hendak menganalisis Gerakan Nasional Literasi Digital (GNLD) dari perspektif Good Governance dengan metode kualitatif. Analisis ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pro dan kontra terhadap GNLD. Pihak yang pro memandang gerakan ini bagus untuk melawan hoaks, berita palsu, berita bohong maupun konten-konten negatif lainnya yang beredar di masyarakat luas. Sementara yang kontra menilai, gerakan ini sebagai upaya pemerintah untuk menggiring opini publik untuk melegitimasi dan membungkam suara-suara yang mengkritik kebijakan pemerintah. Simpulan analisis GNLD dalam perspektif good governance bahwa GNLD merupakan upaya pemerintah untuk memberikan layanan keamanan sekaligus memberdayakan masyarakat dalam berselancar di dunia maya.
Hydroelastic Behaviour and Analysis of Marine Structures
Authors: Kara Fuat
Published: February 2021

Hydroelasticity of marine structures with and without forward speed is studied directly using time dependent Boundary Integral Equation Method with Neumann-Kelvin linearisation where the potential is considered as the impulsive velocity potential. The exciting and radiation hydrodynamic parameters are predicted in time with transient wave Green function whilst the structural analysis is solved with Euler-Bernoulli beam method at which modeshapes are defined analytically. The modal analysis is used to approximate the hydroelastic behaviour of the floating systems through fully coupling of the structural and hydrodynamic analyses. As it is expected, it is found with numerical experience that the effects of the rigid body modes are greater than elastic modes in the case of stiff structures. The predicted numerical results of the present in-house computational tool ITU-WAVE are compared with experimental results for validation purposes and show the acceptable agreements.
Contribution of Gulf of Aqaba Water (GAW) to Red Sea waters
Authors: Wafar Mohideen
Published: February 2021

Data obtained on hydrography and currents in meridional sections in the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea in November 2013 and March 2015 were used to determine the extent of contribution of Gulf of Aqaba Water (GAW) to the formation of Red Sea waters. The southward flow across the Strait of Tiran was ~0.02 Sv in both periods which is direct evidence of significant contribution of GAW to Red Sea waters in autumn-winter. A multiple tracer analysis using temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen showed that the GAW, on entry into Red Sea, bifurcates into two branches. The upper branch exiting the Strait in the depth range 150-220 m has densities between 28.3 and 28.5, continues to flow at the same depths, and feeds the Red Sea Overflow Water (RSOW). The lower branch that exits between 220 and 250 m above the sill cascades down its southern face, mixes with northward recirculating branch of Red Sea Deep Water (RSDW) and sinks to the bottom and forms part of southward-flowing RSDW. Contribution of GAW to northern Red Sea waters below 100 m depth was 36 ± 0.4% in November 2013 and 42.1 ± 5.4% in March 2015. GAW is traceable down to 17-19 °N in RSDW and RSOW. Volume contribution of GAW to RSOW was 9.6 * 1012 m3, about 50% higher than that for RSDW (6 * 1012 m3). Analyses of the data from R.V. Maurice Ewing cruise in 2001 gave similar results and lend support for these deductions.
An In-depth Analysis for Optimal Cable Tray Support Span
Authors: Wuk Jung Sung , Oterkus Erkan
Published: February 2021

Nowadays, it is crucial to reduce the cost of the overall project so that the competitiveness of offshore oil and gas without compromising on quality or safety can be achieved. This study investigates how to define the longest cable tray support span considering constructability in order to reduce the number of supports which is a chief cost of a cable tray system. This study presents not only material and geometry frequently used for cable tray but also the formula to estimate the maximum cable load which can be installed within cable tray. To verify the longest span without increasing the crosssection of cable tray, finite element modelling approach was employed based on ANSYS and comparisons were made between numerical analysis and simplified hand calculation. The constructability for the longer span obtained from finite element analysis has been validated in view of manual handling of the cable tray. It is shown that the optimal span suggested in this paper can lead to a better economic benefit without degrading the constructability. For instance, as the span is longer, the cost of material as well as construction manpower can be saved. It is also expected that this approach will contribute to enhance the competitiveness of offshore oil and gas.
Terjemahan Aforisme dalam Karya Tuan Gatsby
Authors:   Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kahar Ummi Umairah
Published: February 2021

The novel The Great Gatsby (1925) remains one of the most sought-after classic novels among avid readers to date, whose popularity opened the door for the production of a Malay translation, titled Tuan Gatsby (1988). This masterpiece is made up of diverse literary devices and poetic language which demonstrate the original author’s creativity. Among the literary devices present in this well-known work are aphorisms. This term refers to the expressions of differences and similarities in a message, such as idioms, simile, and satire. Aphorisms, however, are rhetorical devices that are rarely discussed by scholars in Malaysia. For this reason, this study was conducted to focus on the translation of aphorisms by comparing the original and translated text. The objectives of this study include identifying the types of aphorisms found in the original work and subsequently assessing the translation of aphorisms in the target text. Besides this, the present study also evaluates the translation approach used by the translator. Based on the analysis conducted, there are six particular types of aphorisms found in the source text which are: aphorisms that hint at a character, confessional aphorisms, metaphorical aphorisms, aphorisms that tease a commonplace, aphorisms that tease out cultural assumptions and aphorisms that hint at questions, as mentioned in Angel-Lara’s research (2015). The findings also show that the translation of aphorisms in the target text successfully convey the aesthetic value of the source text. This is due to the fact that dynamic equivalence, as introduced by Nida (1964), was used as the main approach in the translation of the text under study.
Impacto psicológico del Covid-19 en la población Manabita
Authors: Martínez Pérez Ariagna , Galardy Domínguez Yelennis , Zambrano Santos Roberth Olmedo , Zambrano Ubillus Roberth Patricio
Published: February 2021

La investigación es descriptiva, no experimental, transversal, con el propósito de determinar el impacto psicológico del Covid-19 en la población de Manabí, Ecuador, en el período de abril a mayo de 2020. Para la obtención de los datos se aplicó una encuesta en línea a 2261 individuos mayores de 15 años de edad y procesados en el software SPSS 25. Identificándose que el grupo de edad predominante en el estudio fue el de 35-49 años, el mayor número de encuestados fueron del sexo femenino y del estatus estudiante. Los síntomas que aparecieron con mayor frecuencia fueron estrés, insomnio y tristeza, con presencia de estados psicológicos patológicos y normales, reflejados en comportamientos estresados y amigables. Detectando además que a pesar de tener una preparación psicológica familiar que varió de regular a buena, los individuos refirieron presentar daños psicológicos ante la imposición de la cuarentena y el aislamiento social, sintiéndose preocupados y temerosos. Las fuentes que aportaron la mayor cantidad de información sobre la enfermedad y su repercusión fueron la televisión y las redes sociales.
Análisis cualitativo-cuantitativo, gestión de la Coordinación Académica del Curso Nivelación 2017 (2) perspectiva del estudiante
Authors: González Arco Joe Dik , Pazmiño Castro Jackeline , Rodríguez Johnny , Marina Banchón Luz
Published: February 2021

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo, evaluar la gestión de la coordinación académica y determinar el grado de satisfacción de los estudiantes en el proceso de nivelación en los cursos de nivelación de la Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí, Ecuador. Se trabajo bajo un enfoque cualitativo-cuantitativo-descriptivo-taxonómico, con análisis de cada una de las variables. Los principales resultados evidencian aspectos determinantes con la calidad, referida esta a las frágiles condiciones de infraestructura, acceso a los medios didácticos y tecnológicos mínimos necesarios. Se evidencia que el 91% de los estudiantes estuvieron conformes en lo relativo a los temas aprendidos y su utilidad para los educandos en el aprendizaje. Se constata el empleo de contrapesos como estrategia de gestión que atenúan el impacto de las deficiencias y finalmente, se confirman que las respuestas en la evaluación a los estudiantes, resultan contradictorias ante una realidad observable, propiciando su análisis en posteriores investigaciones.
Perception of Dental Undergraduates and Interns towards E-Learning in Gaining Clinical Skills: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Bano Vasiqa , Hassan Syed Ali , Gul Hashmat , Mansoor Nadia
Published: February 2021

Objective: To evaluate the level of acceptance of e-learning among dental interns and undergraduates of Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry (AFID).Study Design: Cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi from March 2018 to September 2018.Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional quantitative survey was conducted in 174 participants   including dental interns and undergraduates. A fourteen-item questionnaire was designed and piloted. Data was tabulated and analyzed statistically using SPSS version 24.0. Categorical variables were presented as percentages. Post-stratification Fisher’s exact test and chi-square test were applied. p<0.05 was taken as significant.Results: Among clinical skills learning tools, more than half (54.6%) of the participants considered hospital attachments as most effective.  E-learning was considered a supportive tool for ward test preparation. Three quarters (75.3%) stated that e-learning has improved teaching standards and enhanced student-teacher interaction. There was significant association between level of education and messenger apps (p=.027), gender with accuracy in technique (p=.027) and with supervised discussion session regarding e-videos (p=.038).Conclusion: E-learning is beneficial for ward test preparation as it develops interest in clinical attachment and helps in learning general physical examination of patients.
Method for studying the parameters of the surface hardening of parts with a protective coating
Authors: Бимбереков П.А. , Токарев А.О. , Федотова Е.С.
Published: February 2021

Поверхностные покрытия деталей получили широкое распространение в технике, в том числе для судовых энергетических установок, а также вспомогательных судовых механизмов и устройств. Для экспериментального исследования работоспособности деталей на контактные силовые воздействия используются как цельные образцы, разделяемые после силового воздействия в месте его приложения, так и составные образцы, силовое воздействие на которые производится в месте стыка отдельных элементов. В последнем случае деформирующее разделение образца и получение нежелательных дополнительных пластических деформаций в ходе разделения исключаются. При обеспечении равной точности результата этих методов второй является более надёжным, не требующим контроля побочных деформаций для анализа зоны деформации получаемой от планового силового контактного воздействия. Нанесение поверхностного слоя осложняет использование составных образцов при исследовании зон пластической деформации Процедура их получения и испытания может быть усовершенствована.
Предлагаются варианты формирования образцов, а также способы их получения и использования. Делается заключение об упрощении процедуры экспериментальных исследований при использовании предлагаемых образцов и получении более достоверных результатов. Обращается внимание на возможность одновременного ведения испытания для разных материалов деталей, что предполагает сокращение расхода наносимого материала покрытия и трудоёмкости работ.

Surface coatings of parts are widely used in engineering, including for ship power plants, as well as auxiliary ship mechanisms and devices. For experimental study of the performance of parts for contact force effects, both whole samples that are share separated after the force action at the place of its application, and composite samples that are subjected to force action at the junction of individual elements are used. In the latter case, deforming separation of the sample and unwanted additional plastic deformations during separation are excluded. While ensuring equal accuracy of the results of these methods, the second method is more reliable and does not require control of side deformations for analyzing the deformation zone affected by the planned force contact action. The application of a surface layer complicates the use of composite samples in the study of plastic deformation zones. Procedure for obtaining and testing them can be improved.
Options for forming samples, as well as ways to obtain and use them are offered. The conclusion is made about simplification of the experimental research procedure when using the proposed samples and obtaining more reliable results. Attention is drawn to the possibility of simultaneous testing for different materials of parts, which implies a reduction in the consumption of the coating material applied and the complexity of work.
Automated network for collection of data on technical condition of navigation equipment at meteorological communication radio lines in the Arctic
Authors: Мартынов В.Л. , Щербакова И.О. , Воронин С.В.
Published: February 2021

В соответствии с государственной стратегией по освоению северных территорий вопросы, связанные с обеспечением безопасности функционирования Северного морского пути, определяют одно из новых актуальных направлений для проведения научных исследований. Известно, что организация транспортно-технологического процесса в арктическом регионе при наличии тяжелых гидрометеорологических условиях не возможна без новейших систем передачи информационных данных на большие расстояния. В статье приводятся предложения по организации сбора информационных данных с удаленных объектов, расположенных в труднодоступных районах Арктики, для обеспечения нормального функционирования системы управления движением судов в указанном регионе. Для решения задачи осуществления дистанционного мониторинга работоспособности технических средств навигационного оборудования предложено использовать автоматическую передачу данных по радиолиниям метеорной связи, охватывающих всю трассу Северного морского пути. В качестве одного из методов увеличения пропускной способности сети метеорной связи, что дает возможность повысить ее эффективность и одновременно расширить функциональные возможности, рекомендовано применить адаптацию вида манипуляции к уровню мощности сигнала на входе приемного устройства.

In accordance with the state strategy of development of Northern territories, the issues related to the safe operation of the Northern sea route define one of the new topical areas for research.
It is known that the organization of transport-technological process in the Arctic region in the presence of severe hydrometeorological conditions is not possible without advanced systems of information data transmission over long distances. The article presents suggestions for organizing the collection of information from remote sites located in remote areas of the Arctic to ensure the normal functioning of vessel traffic management in the region. To solve the problem of the remote monitoring of the technical means of navigation performance it is proposed to use automatic data transfer via radio links of meteor communications, covering the whole Northern sea route. As one of the methods for increasing bandwidth capacity network of meteor communications, which gives the opportunity to increase its efficiency and at the same time to extend the functionality, it is recommended to use adaptation of the kind of manipulation to the power level of the input signal of the receiver.
PROX1 IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF PEDIATRIC VASCULAR ANOMALIES, A POSIBLE PROGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC FACTOR OF HEMANGIOMAS?
Authors:   Department of Pathology, “Louis Turcanu” Children’s Clinical Emergency Hospital, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania,, Heredea Rodica ,   PhD Student, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania,, Cerbu Simona ,   Department of Radiology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania,, Iacob Emil Radu ,   Department of Pediatric Surgery, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania, Hoinoiu Teodora ,   Department of Clinical Practical Skills, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania, Stanciulescu Maria-Corina ,   Department of Pediatric Surgery, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
Published: February 2021

Infantile and congenital hemangiomas still a challenge for both the pediatric surgeon and the pediatrician. The treatment of hemangiomas must be individualized according to: the type of lesion, location, size, depth, stage of growth and evolution of the lesion. To date, none of the available therapies is considered standard therapy. Currently, personalized therapy is not widely applied in Romania, not being included in the usual therapy protocols in any of the types of hemangioma. This is a starting point for the identification of new specific therapeutic targets that preserve normal endothelial cells and determine the regression of hemangioma, especially recurrent ones and those with an increased proliferation rate. Another controversial and unexplained aspect, consequently unexploited from a therapeutic point of view is represented by the expression and role of lymphatic markers in infantile and congenital hemangiomas.
Papric Ethanol Extract Test (Capsicum Annuum) on Blood Sugar Levels of Wistar Rat (Rattus Norvegicus) Induced Alloxan
Authors: Ananda Dara , Pratama Zendrato  , Edlin  , Budi Andre
Published: February 2021

A B S T R A C TThis study aims to determine the effect of paprika ethanol (capsicum annuum) onblood sugar levels of alloxan-induced Wistar rats (rattus norvegicus). This type ofresearch is experimental. The method used was pre test and post test with controlgroup design. The results of this study indicate that for Post Test 1 or after beinggiven treatment for 7 days, the average result shows that there is an effect of givingred paprika ethanol extract on blood sugar levels in Wistar rats where the significantvalue of each treatment is all less than 0.05. For Post Test 2 or after being giventreatment for 14 days, only at a dose of 250 that has no effect on blood sugar levelsof the rats, because the significant value is 0.813 greater than 0.05, for othertreatments it has a significant effect because the significant value is more smallerthan 0.05.
Balanced Scorecard as a Method of Assessing the Performance of a Hospital Management System
Authors: Sastradinata Irawan
Published: February 2021

A B S T R A C TThe Balanced Scorecard educates management and organizations to view thecompany as a whole from four perspectives: finance, customers, internal businessprocesses, and learning and growth. The balanced scorecard consists of twowords, namely the scorecard and balanced. The scorecard is a card used to recorda person's / personnel's performance score and plan the score that will beachieved in the future. The results of the comparison between the plansestablished and the actual results that were successfully achieved were used tocarry out the evaluation.The balanced scorecard in this third generation producesthe most powerful performance measurement model because it shows theintegration of organizational management processes starting from the planningstage, namely by establishing a vision and mission which contains the agreementof individuals in achieving organizational goals, then translated intoorganizational strategies implemented through Organizational programs /activities in four interrelated balanced scorecard perspectives, then feedback willbe taken on various information obtained from the evaluation of theimplementation of the organization's programs / activities.
Performance Measurement of Comprehensive Emergency Neonatal Obstetric Servant (PONEK) in Dr. Moh. Hoesin Palembang with a Balanced Scorecard to Improve the Quality of Midwifery Services
Authors: Sastradinata Irawan
Published: February 2021

A B S T R A C TIntroduction Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) and Neonatal Mortality Rate (IMR)in Indonesia are the highest among ASEAN countries, namely 307 / 100.000 livebirths for MMR and 20/1000 live births for IMR. This situation can actually beprevented through early detection approaches and appropriate management ofmothers and babies through the Comprehensive Obstetric Neonatal EmergencyServices (PONEK) program as one of the important elements of good hospitalservice performance. The performance of a hospital is of course determined by theperformance of each unit and team which requires relevant multi-dimensionalmeasurement standards. Basic Score Card (BSC) is a method developed byKaplan and Norton (1996) to measure performance comprehensively, so it ishoped that this method can help improve the quality of obstetric emergencyservices, especially in Palembang. Methods: This descriptive analytic study wasconducted at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin (RSMH) Palembang by looking for factorsthat affect the quality of emergency obstetric care and analyzing the performanceof the PONEK team in providing PONEK services. Primary data is obtainedthrough questionnaires with direct interviews with respondents or by directobservation in the field to see the real obstacles that occur during service. Thedata were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Results: During the periodOctober 2014 - March 2015 there were 1219 total hospitalized patients. Based onthe Financial Perspective, the effectiveness ratio for achieving the performance ofthe RSMH PONEK team still meets the target of 1.3 for vaginal and has not metthe target of 0.5 for SC with a financial perspective score of +2. Based on theCustomer Perspective, the total score is +2 with the patient satisfaction index is5957 (satisfied) and the Gross Death Rate (GDR) figure for PONEK RSMH servicesis 14 (meets GDS MOH standards). Based on the Internal Business Perspectivethe total score is +1, with the level of compliance with the clinical pathwaystandard = 92%, the level of compliance for the National Fornas PONEK = 100%,while the response time is > 1 hour. Based on the perspective of learning andgrowth, the total score = +1, with the number of PONEK trained personnel <50%,neonatal resuscitation and lactation management <10%, employee workmotivation is very high, and facilities and infrastructure are classified as good.Based on these four perspectives, the BSC score for RSMH PONEK performanceis +0.6 with an interval scale of -1 to +1. Conclusion: Based on the BSCmeasurement results of the PONEK team at RSMH Palembang, it can beconcluded that the PONEK team's performance is good.