bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seed biometry: another functional trait in caatinga
Authors: Patrício Marcelo da Costa , Trovão Dilma Maria de Brito Melo
Published: July 2020

Seed biometrics is an excellent tool for understanding environmental filters, species potential and dispersal, successional stages of communities and the dynamics used by seeds to germinate, establish and develop, thus constituting a functional trait of the species. We aim to understand the relationship between aspects of seed biometrics and other phenological traits, in order to infer contributions about functional strategies in Caatinga. Between September 2017 and January 2019, 10 individuals of Cenostigma pyramidale (Tul.) LP Queiroz, Commiphora lepthophloeos (Mart.) JB Gillett, Jatropha mollissima (Pohl.) Baill., Monteverdia rigida (Mart.) Biral. Pseudobombax marginatum (A.ST.-Hil) A. Robyns, Zizyphus joazeiro Mart. were monitored for the selection of three seed collection matrices. From each matrix 100 seeds were collected, which after screening resulted in 35 intact seeds that were used to measure length, width, thickness and volume. Caatinga seeds are generally small, as a result of the environmental stresses of the Brazilian semiarid. The analyzed variables separated three groups in the PCA. We noticed that these groups evidenced the successional stages in the Caatinga. One group included M. rigida and P. marginatum, which are late secondary. C. pyramidale and C. lepthophloeos formed another group coincident with intermediate successional stages. J. mollissima and Z. joazeiro formed a group of pioneer species in anthropized environments. Another finding was that the area was in secondary succession. The pioneer species presented the largest seeds and this characteristic is associated with the need for nutrient reserve that allows the embryo to germinate and last for a longer period without the need for exogenous nutrients, an essential condition for the Caatinga. With the advancement of ecological succession and the establishment of a more consolidated plant community, competition for resources, the frequent dispersion vector type and the nature of the environmental stresses present, the seeds may be smaller.
Length–weight relationships comparison between juveniles and adults of fish species from the mangroves of south Brazil
Authors: Possamai Bianca , Passos Ana Carolina dos , Carvalho Bárbara Maichak de
Published: July 2020

This study reports the length‐weight relationships (LWRs) for 8 fish species that inhabit mangroves. Many fisheries depend on mangroves, which serve as nursery and feeding areas for the juvenile stage of fishes, shrimp, and other fishery resources. In this sense, mangroves provide many ecosystem services, therefore increasing the basic biological knowledge of these ecosystems can help to understand their functioning and create conservation strategies. The majority of LWR studies do not consider juveniles, and it is important to consider these differences as juveniles can grow differently from adults. The fishes were collected from Perequê mangrove, Paraná, Brazil between 2008 and 2010. A variety of fishery gears were employed, including trammel nets, fyke nets, and traps made with plastic bottles combined with four baits. The specimens were measured (weight and length), sexed and evaluated for maturational stage. For the adults, the LWRs were calculated separately by the sex, while juvenile LWRs were estimated together. In general, there were differences in growth type between sexes and life stages. Some species showed differences compared to FishBase estimations, but this could be due to the lengths (and life stage) of the individuals used in the present study compared to FishBase. The discrepancies between adult, juvenile and FishBase estimations showed the importance of considering these aspects in studies using LWR.
Violência sexual e namoro: experiência de vitimização e impactos nos relacionamentos de adolescentes
Authors: Costa Felipe Barbosa de Sousa , Miranda Cássio Eduardo Soares
Published: July 2020

Este estudo objetiva analisar as experiências de vitimização por abuso sexual, em namoros, e seus impactos em adolescentes escolares. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo com 5 escolares do ensino médio que sofreram violência sexual nas relações amorosas. Os dados foram interpretados com base na análise de conteúdo de Bardin. As unidades foram agrupadas em eixos temáticos: experiência de vitimização, percepções sobre violência, impactos e estratégias de enfrentamento e superação da violência sofrida. Os dados mostram desde experiências sutis de violência até tentativas de manutenção de relação sexual forçada nas relações de namoro, frequentemente precedidas de experiências anteriores em outras esferas relacionais e sobreposição de violências. Os impactos produzidos diferem conforme as características da violência sofrida, porém sentimentos de medo, culpa, vergonha e isolamento social foram comuns, bem como comportamentos suicidas. As principais formas de enfrentamento incluíram partilha das experiências com as mães, mudanças de atitude frente aos relacionamentos, e apenas uma adolescente recorreu a órgãos de proteção, sofrendo processo de revitimização. O estudo permitiu conhecer como se dão as experiências de vitimização por abuso sexual no namoro dos adolescentes.
A institucionalização da discriminação do gênero feminino pela perspectiva de Thorstein Veblen
Authors: Moreira Martiele Gonçalves , Fleck Carolina Freddo , Viana João Garibaldi Almeida
Published: July 2020

Este ensaio traz à tona uma nova perspectiva epistemológica e teórica para os estudos de gênero, ao propor uma análise de causação circular histórica da institucionalização da discriminação do gênero feminino no mercado de trabalho brasileiro. Para Veblen as instituições são formadas por um conjunto de instintos, hábitos e comportamentos refletidos em práticas aceitas e incorporadas por um grupo ou sociedade. Com isso, apresentou-se como modelo teórico o ciclo de desenvolvimento de instituições que compreende desde os instintos inatos aos seres humanos até a legitimação e instituição de normas de comportamentos, na perspectiva da discriminação do gênero feminino no mercado de trabalho. Sabendo-se que a sociedade ainda trata de forma desigual homens e mulheres no trabalho, a proposição de um ciclo que visa compreender quais são esses comportamentos e de que forma se perpetuam na sociedade pode se tornar relevante para os estudos de gênero. Portanto, a discriminação do gênero feminino pode ser entendida como um processo histórico cumulativo de transformação de hábitos em instituições.
Povijest tuberkuloze - od tuberkulina do antituberkulotika (II. dio)
Authors: Cvetnić Željko , Dugac Željko
Published: July 2020

Otkriće uzročnika tuberkuloze M. tuberculosis 1882. godine bilo je jedno od najvažnijih otkrića u povijesti medicine, osobito u bakteriologiji. Obzirom da uzročnika tuberkuloze nije bilo moguće liječiti, postojali su mnogi pokušaji da se tuberkuloznim bolesnicima pomogne. Njemački liječnik Hermann Brehmer izgradio je prvi sanatorij 1857. godine u Görbersdorfu u Njemačkoj za liječenje i oporavak tuberkuloznih bolesnika. Jedan od osnivača lječilišta za tuberkulozu u Hrvatskoj (Brestovac na Sljemenu) bio je dr. Milivoj Dežman. Godine 1888. talijanski liječnik Carlo Forlanini napravio je prvi umjetni pneumotoraks uzrokujući kolaps pluća i napunio pleuralne šupljine dušikom. Kirurški tretmani tuberkuloze razvijali su se i primjenjivali sve do 1940-tih godina. Znatan iskorak u dijagnosticiranju tuberkuloze bilo je otkriće rentgentskih zraka 1895. godine. Robert Koch je otkrio 1890. godine tuberkulin, koji se nije zadržao kao lijek, ali je postao dijagnostičko sredstvo. Velikom napretku u borbi protiv tuberkuloze doprinijeli su Albert Calmette i njegov suradnik Camille Guérin. Oni su uspjeli razviti BCG (Bacillus Calmette- Guérin) cjepivo protiv tuberkuloze koje je 1921. godine prvi put primijenjeno u bolnici u Parizu. Početkom 1943. godine Jörgen Eric Lehmann otkrio je paraminosalicilnu kiselinu (PAS), a 1944., biokemičar Selman Abraham Waksman i njegovi suradnici razvili su antibiotik streptomicin. Bili su to prvi lijekovi kojima se liječila tuberkuloza. Od sredine 1950-tih kombinaciji streptomicin i PAS dodan je i izoniazid, a kasnije su otkriveni i mnogi drugi lijekovi poput pirazinamida (1954.), a ethambutol i rifampicin uvedeni su u liječenje 1961. i 1963. pa je nastala nova era liječenja tuberkuloze, a mnogi su sanatoriji za tuberkulozu bili zatvoreni. Novi način liječenja tuberkuloze, zajedno s BCG-om, u zapadnom svijetu smanjio je umiranje od tuberkuloze za gotovo 90 %, a trajanje terapije skraćeno je s dvije godine na šest mjeseci. Povijest kontrole i liječenja tuberkuloze ušlo je u novo poglavlje.
What is the optimal opioid analgesic in the management of sickle cell pain crisis?
Authors: Eze Onyegbule Okubuiro  , Chimaobi Tim Nnaji  , Chinwe Edith Okoli
Published: July 2020

Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive disorder that is common in people of African, Middle-Eastern and Mediterranean ancestry and its incidence varies from 10 to 40% of the population across equatorial Africa. The homozygous sickle cell disease affects about 2% of neonates in Nigeria and accounts for 25% of deaths in children under 5 years in Africa annually. The most common clinical manifestations are pain and anaemia. Pain associated with sickle cell pain crisis is usually severe, requiring treatment with strong opioids in addition to other interventions such as oxygen therapy and hydration with isotonic solutions. In order to accommodate the complex bio-psychosocial components of this condition, pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, functional restoration and other non-opioid pharmacotherapies need to be integrated in a multidisciplinary protocol for optimal outcome. There is a dearth of studies on the ideal analgesic regimen in the management of sickle cell crisis. Adoption of morphine PCA as the Gold standard in this condition is derived from studies on acute pain management protocols that are non-specific for sickle cell pain crisis. More research is needed to identify the most appropriate opioid analgesic protocol in the management of sickle cell pain crisis. Such study requires exploration of alternative methods of opioid administration as PCA equipment may not be universally accessible in places (especially, resource-limited settings) where sickle cell disease is most endemic.
Parents of children with oncological diseases and the employment market in Bulgaria
Authors: Ivaila Georgieva  , Guergana Petrova
Published: July 2020

The problem with the employment of parents of children with oncological diseases is not new and with so many supporting organizations and media influences is expected to be solved, but it is not the case. We asked ourselves are employers familiar with the professional abilities, physical and psychological health of parents of children with malignant diseases? Are there any preferences and programs equally effective for the employers and the employees?The research of the team of the current study draws to the conclusion that currently, the social integration of disadvantaged and vulnerable groups of the population in the labor market is one of the most significant problems in Bulgaria, which is ever growing in scale and tends to affect more and more people. The neglect and downplaying of this problem has led to the emergence of many other socially significant problems including poverty, high social tensions and conflicts, which have a negative impact on the demographic processes in the country and inhibit its development.
Mini Review on Low Back Pain
Authors: Rajitha S R
Published: July 2020

Everyone has experienced some type or degree of pain. Pain is an unpleasant and highly personal experience that may be imperceptible to others, while consuming all parts of the person’s life. Pain is more than a symptom of a problem; it is a high priority problem in itself. Pain represents both physiologic and psychologic dangers to health and recovery. Severe pain is viewed as an emergency situation deserving attention and prompt professional treatment. A person in pain feels distress or suffering and seeks relief. Low back pain is an important clinical, social, economic and public health problem affecting the modern society indiscriminately. In persons under age 45, low back pain is responsible for more lost working hours than any other medical condition and represents one of the nation’s most costly health problems.
Anticancer Medication:A Review
Authors: Anmol Sharma  , Singh Ramandeep
Published: July 2020

Cancer is one of the most life threatening disease that is associated with the uncontrolled growth of the cell. These uncontrolled growth of cells can take place anywhere in the body. The patients with cancer has to face a lot of problems during the progression of the cancer and has been found to kill the patients if left untreated. However, many medications are used to treat the medicines but due to there higher toxicities they produce, is also a great matter of concern for cancer treatment. So it is one of the most essential matter to produce drugs either synthetically or from the plant source that may produce less toxicities and treat the people with cancer most effectively and efficiently. In this review we are going to discuss about the some medicinal plants that are found useful in cancer treatment. Also we are going to discuss about some allopathic medication that are used till now in cancer treatment.
An Overview on the sign of the interaction between thyroid and kidney disease
Authors: Monika Semwal  , Asheesh Kumar Gupta
Published: July 2020

Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. Hypothyroidism is associated with reduced Glomerular filtration rate and hyperthyroidism results in increased GFR as well as increased renin angiotensin aldosterone activation. Chronic Kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by a low T3 syndrome which is now considered a part of an atypical nonthyroidal illness. This review studies probable mechanistic relations between thyroid and kidney disease.
A review on nephrotic syndrome with their causes, complications and epidemiology
Authors: Monika Semwal
Published: July 2020

Nephrotic syndrome is a collection of symptoms due to kidney damage. This includes protein in the urine, low blood albumin levels, high blood lipids, and significant swelling. Other symptoms may include weight gain, feeling tired, and foamy urine. Complications may include blood clots, infections, and high blood pressure. Causes include a number of kidney diseases such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy, and minimal change disease. It may also occur as a complication of diabetes or lupus. The underlying mechanism typically involves damage to the glomeruli of the kidney. Diagnosis is typically based on urine testing and sometimes a kidney biopsy. It differs from nephritic syndrome in that there are no red blood cells in the urine. Treatment is directed at the underlying cause. Other efforts include managing high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and infection risk. A low salt diet and limiting fluids is often recommended. About 5 per 100,000 people are affected per year. The usual underlying cause varies between children and adults.
A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding care of low birth weight babies among mothers in selected rural areas of Rajkot, Gujarat
Authors: Mr. Binu Joe  , Mrs. Anu Joykutty
Published: July 2020

A quasi experimental study with pre test, post test without control group design was undertaken on 60 mothers selected by purposive sampling technique to assess the effectiveness of teaching programme on home management of low birth weight baby among mothers using closed ended questionnaire. Result reveals that more or less similar percentage 47% was in the age group of 21-25 and 46% in the age group of 26-30 years. The overall mean knowledge on practice score in pre test was 13.34±3.25 whereas it was 24.18±3.09 in post test revealing 31.89% enhancement of knowledge scores.
Molecular detection of viral pathogens from suspected viral hemorrhagic fever patients in Ghana
Authors: Bonney Joseph HK , Asigbee Theodore W , Kotey Erasmus , Attiku Keren , Asiedu-Bekoe Franklin , Mawuli Gifty , Bonney Evelyn Y , Asante Ivy A , Abana Christopher , Pratt Deborah , Nyarko Stephen , Sarkodie Badu , Ampofo William K
Published: July 2020

Background: Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are infectious illnesses that can cause serious morbidity and mortality to infected persons. During the 2014 Ebola virus disease outbreak in some West African countries, Ghana revamped its surveillance system across the country to prepare, effectively respond and pre-empt any public health concerns

Objective: We report on suspected VHF clinical specimens submitted to the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR) from health facilities across the country for diagnosis within the period under review. This was partly to provide rapid response and to alert the health system to prevent outbreaks and its spread.

Methods: From January 2017 to December 2018 clinical specimens of blood from 149 cases of suspected VHFs were collected at health facilities across the country and sent to NMIMR. Patient specimens were tested for viral pathogens including Lassa fever, Yellow fever, Dengue fever, Chikungunya, Zika, Ebola and Marburg by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. A case was however tested for influenza as the patient exhibited respiratory distress symptoms as well. Demographic and clinical information collected on a structured case-based forms were analyzed for each patient.

Results: Out of the 149 clinical specimens tested, three (3) were found to be positive, with two (2) being Dengue and one (1) seasonal Influenza A H1N1. Analysis of the case-based forms revealed shortcomings with regards to standard case definitions used to enroll suspected cases.

Conclusion: Our results buttress the need for a routine surveillance activity for VHFs to minimize spread and possibly forestall outbreaks. Moreover, febrile illnesses can be caused by a host of pathogens hence there is a need for enhanced diagnosis to help in patient management.
Human coronaviruses in persons with acute respiratory infections in Ghana
Authors: Parbie Prince K , Mingle Julius AA , Ntiri Michael , Adjabeng Michael , Bonney Kofi , Asante Ivy , Bonney Evelyn Y , Brightson Kennedy , Sarkodie Badu , Koram Kwadwo , Ohene Sally-Ann , Ayi Bertha S , Ampofo William K
Published: July 2020

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) remain a leading cause of morbidity, mortality, and economic loss globally. Until recently, human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have been mainly associated with mild respiratory tract infections. The 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), since 2012, illustrate the potential of coronaviruses to cause severe disease.

Objective: This study investigated the presence of human coronaviruses in acute respiratory illness in Ghana.

Methods: As part of routine influenza surveillance, nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal (NP/OP) swabs obtained from 200 patients (100 hospital inpatients and 100 outpatients) with Influenza-like-illness from sentinel health facilities in Ghana from January 2013 to March 2014, were screened for the presence of HCoVs at the National Influenza Center using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays.

Results: Human CoVs were detected in 7(3.5%) out of 200 cases investigated: HCo V HKU1 in 3 patient, HCo V 229E in 2 patients, HCo V OC43 in 1patient, and HCo V NL63 in 1 patient. No co-infection with HCoV types was detected. Out of 7 patients with HCoV infections, 6 were aged 5 yr. or greater.Also, HCoVs were detected more frequently in outpatients (5/100) than in hospitalized patients (2/100) with acute respiratory tract infections, though statistically insignificant (p>0.005). None of the respiratory specimens tested were positive for MERS-CoV, indicating the absence of MERS-CoV infection in Ghana between January 2013 and March 2014.

Conclusion: This work provides an important reference point for coronavirus infections in humans in Ghana noting the current concern on the 2019 novel coronavirus.
Políticas contemporáneas de convivialidad Aportes desde los pueblos originarios de América Latina
Authors: Briones Claudia
Published: July 2020

Distintas teorías políticas contemporáneas debaten maneras de reordenar un sistemamundo en que diferencias y desigualdades entre personas, colectivos y países aparecen tan densa como disparmente anudadas. Pocas de esas teorías se piensan por fuera de una modernidad que, como episteme, enmarca las jerarquías ideológicas, epistemológicas y ontológicas que naturalizan parte de tales anudamientos. Este ensayo hace foco en propuestas indígenas de Buen Vivir, para identificar qué diagnósticos y cuestionamientos esas propuestas realizan respecto de formas hegemónicas de convivialidad; qué contrapropuestas de convivencia promueven; y qué de ellas tiende a permanecer inaudible e invisible cuando distintos agentes no indígenas buscan reformularlas y universalizarlas como posible “alternativa civilizatoria”. Se posiciona para ello desde una perspectiva doblemente excéntrica que procede espiralada y críticamente de abajo hacia arriba – esto es, desde los demandantes hacia otros interlocutores – y desde los márgenes de la academia hacia sus distintos epicentros.
Conviviality on the Brink
Authors: Heil Tilmann
Published: July 2020

Current academic usages of the notion of conviviality often carry a normative connotation in which it is opposed to tension and conflict. Instead, I propose to use conviviality as an analytical term. This everyday living together is characterized by tensions, contradictions, and inconsistencies that complicate abstract theorization and the use of clearly defined concepts whose role is, as Stuart Hall once suggested, to give us a good night’s rest by feigning a stability we long for. If conviviality is, as I suggest, understood as a notion that embraces the inconsistencies, multiplicities, and complexities of new urban ways, I inquire into the emerging relationalities between recently-arrived Senegalese and their social context in Rio de Janeiro under the impact of multiple hierarchical orders, including race, origin, education, and class.
Conviviality through Time in Brazil, Mexico, Peru, and Río de la Plata
Authors: Scarato Luciane
Published: July 2020

This paper analyses convivial contexts in unequal societies from a historical and comparative perspective in Brazil, Mexico, Peru, and Río de la Plata between the Conquest and the early twentieth century. It seeks to highlight how conviviality occurred on the ebb and flow of everyday life in unequal societies. In doing so, it aims to demonstrate that conviviality exists within inequality. It starts with a brief semantic cartography of the term conviviality, followed by its application on a selection of case studies about gender and family in Latin America. It explores ideals and structures of conviviality, underscoring individuals’ creativity to negotiate unequal power relations. It also looks at social movements to analyse conviviality in crisis, focusing on strategies to deal with, overcome, and subvert inequalities. In the end, it hopes to contribute to our understanding of conviviality in unequal societies.
Impact of conflict related and workplace related violence on job satisfaction among physicians from Iraq - a descriptive cross-sectional multicentre study
Authors: Ali Jadoo Saad Ahmed , Torun Perihan , Dastan Ilker , Al-Samarrai Mustafa Ali Mustafa
Published: July 2020

Background: During the last decade, the events of violence against healthcare providers have been escalated, especially in the areas of conflicts. This study aimed to test the impact of conflict-related and workplace-related violence on job satisfaction among Iraqi physicians.

Methods: A cross-sectional study with a self-administered survey was conducted among medical doctors in Iraq from January to June 2014. Participants (n=535, 81.1% response rate) were selected at random from 20 large general and district hospitals using a multistage sampling technique.

Results: The mean (+SD) value on the total job satisfaction score was 42.26 (+14.63). The majority of respondents (67.3%) experienced unsafe medical practice; however, the conflict- related violence showed no significant difference in job satisfaction scores. In backward regression analysis, two socio-demographic variables (age, gender), and three work-related variables (being a specialist, working less than 40 hours per week, working in both government and private sector) were positively related to job satisfaction, while the workplace violence variables were negatively related. It was found that increases in physical attack, verbal abuse, bullying, and racial harassment brought about decreases in job satisfaction scores of 6,087, 3.014, 9,107, and 4,242, respectively.

Conclusion: Our results suggest that work-related variables and workplace violence do affect job satisfaction. Specifically, when physicians have been physically attacked, verbally abused, bullied, and racially harassed, their job satisfaction decreases significantly.
Assessment of malnutrition among the internally - displaced old age people in the Tikrit City, Iraq
Authors: Ibrahim Nisreen M , Khalil Nawar Sahib , Tawfeeq Ruqaya Subhi
Published: July 2020

Background: With the steady increase in the number of old age people, the prevalence of chronic diseases, and the health expenditures, the importance of preventing malnutrition is becoming more critical than ever. This study aimed to assess malnutrition among the internally- displaced old age people in Iraq.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted between November 2016 and March 2017 at the Dream city camp for the internally - displaced persons in Tikrit city, Iraq. Data was collected using the valid (Arabic) version of the mini - nutritional assessment (MNA) questionnaire. The internally displaced persons (IDPs) interviewed, and the nutritional status assessed via the MNA, body mass index (BMI), mid-arm circumferences (MAC) and calf circumferences (CC) measures.

Results: A total of 142 eligible old age persons, of which 40.2% were malnourished, and 35.2% were at risk of malnutrition. Among those with malnutrition, 40% were males, and 60% were females. Concerning comorbidity, 80% with positive malnutrition, had chronic diseases. DM reported a higher prevalence (46.5%) compared to other chronic diseases.

Conclusion: The prevalence of malnutrition was high among the old age people resident at the displacement camp in Iraq. Both the deteriorating security situation and the lack of proper services have combined to exacerbate the nutritional status of older persons in displacement camps.
Therapeutic potentials of Excoecaria agallocha against gram-positive and gram-negative fish bacterial pathogens
Authors: Abdul Razak Laith A. , Musa Nadirah , Jabar Aya , Musa Najiah
Published: July 2020

Background: The present investigation of a mangrove plant, Excoecaria agallocha, which is a popular medicinal substitute for the treatment of microbial ailments, were evaluated for potential antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli and Streptococcus agalactiae in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus.

Methods: Antibacterial activity was performed using agar diffusion method, disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and antibiotic susceptibility assays. Experimental fish fed diet containing 0 (control), 5, 25, and 50 mg kg-1 E. agallocha leaf methanol extract for 28 days then challenged individually with E. coli or S. agalactiae and mortalities were recorded over a ten-day post-infection period. 

Results: Results indicated that both bacterial species are sensitive to tetracycline, ampicillin, and amoxicillin. E. coli was found to be resistant to neomycin. E. agallocha extract concentration of 50 mg/ml produced a zone of inhibition of 18 mm against E. coli, in contrast to 13 mm against S. agalactiae.  E. agallocha showed bactericidal activity against E. coli and bacteriostatic activity against S. agalactiae. The highest E. agallocha LC50 activity was 83 mg/ml. The highest cumulative mortality was 90.0 ± 10.0% in control as compared to 26.7 ± 11.5% in the group fed with 50 mg kg-1 E. agallocha extract, significant differences (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Hence, E. agallocha showed antibacterial activity against fish pathogens Escherichia coli and Streptococcus agalactiae in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus; therefore, E. agallocha may be used as an alternative therapeutic agent against fish pathogenic bacteria as an additive to feed at a concentration depend, safe, non-cytotoxic doses.
Serum low density lipoprotein receptor related protein-6 is a discriminator of occluded ‎coronary artery assessed by coronary angiogram
Authors: Alhusseiny Adil Hassan , Khaleel Zakariya J. , Al-Nimer Marwan S.M.
Published: July 2020

Background: Human lipoprotein receptor-related protein -6 (LRP6) plays a role in the development of coronary artery disease. This study aimed to determine the serum level of the LRP6 in patients referred to the coronary angiogram taking into considerations the findings of ‎coronary angiography, evidence of dyslipidemia, obesity and co-existed diabetes mellitus.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 96 patients who referred to coronary angiogram as an interventional diagnostic test for coronary artery disease. The patients were grouped into Group I (negative angiogram); Group IIA (non-obstructed coronary vessels, positive angiogram) and: Group IIB (obstructed coronary vessels, positive angiogram).  The anthropometric measurement, blood pressure, and fasting serum lipid profile and glucose were determined. The serum levels of LRP6 were determined by using the Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA). 

Results: A non-significant higher serum level of LRP6 observed in patients with a positive angiogram ‎0.175 ± 0.074 ng/ml (Group IIA) and ‎0.166 ± ‎‎0.063 ng/ml (Group IIB) ‎compared with the negative angiogram (Group I: 0.160 ± 0.019 ng/ml). The area under the curve of LRP6 in patients with positive angiogram was significantly lower than that with a normal angiogram.

Conclusion: We conclude that the serum level of LRP6 is a good discriminator of patients with coronary ‎artery disease as the area under the curve of the serum levels of LRP6 is significantly decreased as the number of occluded coronary vessels increased.‎
Non-invasive thrombectomy: magnetized antibodies in reperfusion of thromboses
Authors: Alim-Marvasti Ali
Published: July 2020

Background: Five multi-center randomized controlled trials have shown superior outcomes for mechanical thrombectomy to standard intravenous thrombolysis for acute anterior ischaemic stroke. This idea-paper aims to provoke multi-disciplinary expertise to develop a less invasive and more rapid thrombectomy technology. The hypothesis is that by adapting existing technology to magnetize in vivo blood clots, we should be able to dislodge clots from major vessels magnetically and achieve minimally invasive reperfusion. 

Methods: First, magnetized antibodies against specific epitopes in blood clots must be developed (such as the previously used Fibrin Beta-chain specific antibody, 59D8) and an external portable magnetic device with superlens magnetic-field focusing would be used to dislodge and guide the clot proximally to establish reperfusion; subsequently, the clot will be removed. A distal magnet, statically held at the original location of the dislodged clot, would prevent microemboli from occluding distal vessels during dislodgement and removal of the clot.

Conclusion: Developing specific antibodies against in vivo blood clots (immunology) with attached superparamagnetic nanoparticles (nanoscience) and an external portable magnetic device with a focused magnetic flux (applied medical physics) will significantly improve time to revascularization in acute ischaemic stroke, minimize risks of intervention, and thus improve outcomes further.
El “Plan de la ciudad de San Agustín de la Florida y sus contornos, situada en la altura septentrional de 29 grados y 50 minutos” de Antonio de Arredondo de 1737. Una ciudad ideal en La Florida Española en el siglo XVIII
Authors: Llopis Verdú Jorge , Piquer Cases Juan Carlos , Serra Lluch Juan
Published: July 2020

El siglo XVIII verá, con la instauración del real cuerpo de ingenieros militares en el año 1711, el advenimiento de una nueva figura que transformará las características gráficas de la cartografía española. El ingeniero militar, dotado de nuevas herramientas cartográficas normalizadas, iniciará un proceso de definición objetiva de los territorios españoles del Nuevo Mundo, que le aleja de las cartografías y planimetrías urbanas y militares que caracterizaron el proceso de conquista y colonización los dos siglos anteriores. Para estudiar las características de estas nuevas cartografías se analiza el plano de Antonio de Arredondo para la ciudad de San Agustín de la Florida, ya que el mismo ejemplifica las características gráficas y los principios teóricos que sustentaron el proceso de implantación del ingeniero militar español en el Nuevo Mundo en las primeras décadas del siglo XVIII.
Further Extension of Consultation Cycles Due To Covid-19 Pandemic, and Suspension of Framework To Address Excessive Delays in Article IV Consultations and Mandatory Financial Stability Assessments
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department,   International Monetary Fund. Legal Dept.,   International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, &,   Review Department
Published: July 2020

Notwithstanding the ongoing intensive policy dialogue with the membership during the COVID-19 pandemic, there is growing need for resuming Article IV consultations and mandatory Financial Stability Assessments (FSAs).
However, the resumption of Article IV consultations over the coming months will need to be gradual, remain focused on the crisis and related challenges, and be undertaken flexibly.
Staff recommends a further extension of consultation cycles to accommodate the gradual nature of the restart. Staff also recommends that the application of the framework to address excessive delays in the completion of Article IV consultations and mandatory FSAs be temporarily suspended.
Biomass-burning-derived particles from a wide variety of fuels – Part 2: Effects of photochemical aging on particle optical and chemical properties
Authors: Cappa Christopher D. , Lim Christopher Y. , Hagan David H. , Coggon Matthew , Koss Abigail , Sekimoto Kanako , de Gouw Joost , Onasch Timothy B. , Warneke Carsten , Kroll Jesse H.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Particles in smoke emitted from biomass combustion have a large impact on
global climate and urban air quality. There is limited understanding of how
particle optical properties – especially the contributions of black carbon
(BC) and brown carbon (BrC) – evolve with photochemical aging of smoke. We
analyze the evolution of the optical properties and chemical composition of
particles produced from combustion of a wide variety of biomass fuels,
largely from the western United States. The smoke is photochemically aged in a
reaction chamber over atmospheric-equivalent timescales ranging from 0.25 to 8 d. Various aerosol optical properties (e.g., the single-scatter albedo,
the wavelength dependence of absorption, and the BC mass absorption
coefficient, MACBC) evolved with photochemical aging, with the specific
evolution dependent on the initial particle properties and conditions. The
impact of coatings on BC absorption (the so-called lensing effect) was
small, even after photochemical aging. The initial evolution of the BrC
absorptivity (MACBrC) varied between individual burns but decreased
consistently at longer aging times; the wavelength dependence of the BrC
absorption generally increased with aging. The observed changes to BrC
properties result from a combination of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) production and heterogeneous
oxidation of primary and secondary OA mass, with SOA production being the
major driver of the changes. The SOA properties varied with time, reflecting
both formation from precursors having a range of lifetimes with respect to
OH and the evolving photochemical environment within the chamber. Although
the absorptivity of BrC generally decreases with aging, the
dilution-corrected absorption may actually increase from the production of
SOA. These experimental results provide context for the interpretation of
ambient observations of the evolution of particle optical properties in
biomass-combustion-derived smoke plumes.
Two new species of Mennerotodus Zhelezko, 1994 (Chondrichthyes: Lamniformes: Odontaspididae), from the Paleogene of the southeastern United States
Authors: Cicimurri David J. , Ebersole Jun A. , Martin George
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Mennerotodus Zhelezko, 1994, is an extinct lamniform shark known to occur in Paleogene strata of the Tethyan region of Asia and Europe. Although only a single species has been named, multiple subspecies have been erected and used as biostratigraphic tools in Asia. The genus has not been reported with confidence outside of the Tethyan region, but we have identified two new species of Mennerotodus from Paleogene deposits of the southeastern United States. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. is described by teeth occurring in the lower Paleocene (Danian Stage) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation of southern Alabama. A middle Eocene (Bartonian) species, Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov., is based on material occurring in the Clinchfield Formation in central Georgia. The early Paleocene record could indicate a North American origin for Mennerotodus relatively soon after the K–Pg event, with subsequent radiation to other parts of the world. The genus is likely more widely distributed than is currently known, but teeth can easily be overlooked due to their similarity to other taxa.
Une juste reconnaissance. La place du juridique dans l’articulation de la “petite éthique”
Authors: Gorgoni Guido
Published: July 2020

Cette contribution entend examiner la place que la référence au droit, et plus largement au phénomène juridique, occupe dans la dernière phase de la réflexion de Ricœur autour du sujet capable. Le droit joue en effet un rôle d’une importance croissante dans l’articulation de l’anthropologie capacitaire définie dans la “petite éthique” à travers une reconfiguration profonde de ses catégories fondamentales, notamment celle de sujet de droit et celle de responsabilité. Les implications d’un tel renouveau théorique seront prises en compte, tant pour l’articulation interne de la pensée du dernier Ricœur que pour leurs potentielles retombées dans la théorie du droit contemporaine.
Les présupposés philosophiques des sources du sens
Authors: De Launay Marc
Published: July 2020

La manière de concevoir ce qu’est un texte relève d’une conception des sources du sens; cette conception découle d’une prise de position philosophique non seulement sur le langage, mais sur les pratiques discursives, celle de l’interprétation, comme celle de la traduction. À partir d’un exemple, emprunté à la Bible, et de la conception que Ricœur développe de ce qu’il entend par “texte,” on montrera à quelles impasses peuvent conduire des interprétations et, donc, des traductions qui refusent de situer les sources du sens dans les textes.
Signification et réflexivité dans la philosophie de Ricœur
Authors: Lacour Philippe
Published: July 2020

Dans cet article, je cherche à expliquer la définition de la philosophie ricœurienne en examinant deux de ses conditions les plus fondamentales: la signification, qui en constitue en quelque sorte le matériau, et la réflexivité, qui est le principe de son articulation dynamique. Je procède en deux temps. J’étudie d’abord les cinq différents niveaux du discours, en soulignant l’originalité de chacun d’eux: descriptif, transphrastique, auto-compréhensif, anthropologique, métaphysique. J’explique ensuite le rôle que joue la réflexivité, dans sa dimension intra- et inter-sémiotique, pour à la fois délimiter ces différents niveaux et permettre un passage de l’un à l’autre. Je conclus en montrant que toute la philosophie de Ricœur se caractérise par une confiance accordée au langage: à son effort obstiné et prudent pour “éclairer l’existence” en repoussant les limites de ce qui le borde.
Los libros del historiador: avatares de la biblioteca de Jerónimo Zurita
Authors: Bautista Pérez Francisco
Published: July 2020

Este trabajo se centra en la historia de una parte de la biblioteca del historiador Jerónimo Zurita (1512-1580), que constaba de los manuscritos en romance y de muchos de sus manuscritos de tipo historiográfico. Se trata de los libros heredados por Jerónimo Zurita y Oliván (1548-1600), hijo del historiador, algunos de los cuales fueron mencionados o descritos más tarde en el estudio de Juan Francisco Andrés de Uztárroz y Diego José Dormer, publicado en 1680. Se aporta nueva documentación que prueba que casi todos pasaron a Pedro Valero, justicia de Aragón desde 1687, y que más tarde, a mediados del siglo xviii, un resto importante fue adquirido por Campomanes. El destino de los libros de Zurita se revela así como una parte sustancial de la recepción de este autor y de la conservación de su legado.
Soldados de 'naciones' para el Ejército de Flandes: el Tercio de irlandeses, 1605-1620
Authors: De Mesa Gallego Eduardo
Published: July 2020

En 1605 se levantó el Tercio de irlandeses para que sirviera en el Ejército de Flandes. Este estudio describe las circunstancias –militares y diplomáticas– que hicieron posible la creación de esta unidad que, a la altura de 1620, se consideraba como una de las más veteranas de las que servían a la Monarquía Hispánica en los Países Bajos católicos. Además, se presentará un detallado análisis de las compañías que formaron el tercio, cómo fueron reclutadas, y del número de soldados y oficiales que sirvieron en él durante aquellos quince años.
En defensa de la Casa de Francia: otra mirada sobre el Abbé de Saint-Pierre y su proyecto de paz perpetua
Authors: Betlem Castellà i Pujols Maria
Published: July 2020

Se ha dicho que el Abbé de Saint-Pierre escribió su proyecto para remediar los males que afectaban a Europa, enferma a raíz de los conflictos bélicos que se sucedían casi ininterrumpidamente; pero, tal vez, debería decirse también que el abad escribió su proyecto para proteger los intereses de la Casa de Francia en el marco de la Guerra de Sucesión española. Con la herencia de Carlos II a manos de la dinastía Borbón, alguien tenía que combatir el sistema de equilibro ampliamente reivindicado y difundido en Europa por la Casa de Francia, sobre todo cuando este discurso ya no interesaba a quienes más lo habían difundido. Y el Abbé de Saint-Pierre asumió la tarea. Combatió el sistema de equilibro porque implicaba la pérdida de territorios por parte de la Casa de Francia –o como acabó sucediendo, el reparto de la Monarquía hispánica que se hallaba en manos de Felipe V– y diseñó una Unión Europea con el fin de asegurar la paz, a la vez que la herencia recibida. La tesis según la cual el Abbé de Saint-Pierre no pretendió ni afirmar la preponderancia francesa o contrarrestar las amenazas imperialistas de Austria (o de cualquier otro estado) debería ser repensada.
La administración de justicia ordinaria en la Corona de Castilla: la división jurisdiccional de Soria en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII
Authors: Pousa Diéguez Rodrigo
Published: July 2020

El presente artículo pretende ofrecer una visión general de la división jurisdiccional de la antigua provincia de Soria, las jurisdicciones que la componían, sus titulares y los oficiales jurisdiccionales. Sirviéndose del Catastro de Ensenada se analiza la organización territorial soriana en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII, la tipología jurisdiccional, y los vínculos de estas con los concejos. Con los datos poblacionales de los censos de Aranda y Floridablanca se hace una evaluación del señorío y realengo soriano, para ofrecer un ranking de los estados jurisdiccionales y comparar la realidad soriana con la de otras provincias de la Corona de Castilla.
WHEN, WHERE, AND HOW IS DIGITAL SOUND?
Authors: Stanfill Mel , Morris Jeremy Wade , Sterne Jonathan , Razlogova Elena , Murray Sarah
Published: July 2020

This panel’s first author, in discussing podcast archiving, notes that internet archives like the Wayback Machine have had much more focus on preserving visual and text content than sound. Internet Research has similarly traditionally had less engagement with sound than with other forms of digital content. This panel seeks to contribute to ongoing work to bring Sound Studies and Internet Studies into better conversation with each other, taking digital sound as a common object and examining it in different cases and through different methods to provide a richer understanding of the role sound plays in shaping our online experiences. The papers coalesce around their common object of inquiry, digital sound, providing depth of understanding about the subject matter by approaching from different directions. Moreover, the papers help to illuminate each other by taking different approaches to common themes. The first and second papers raise key questions about who tends to be included and excluded in circuits of production as well as whose digital sound tends to be seen as valuable. Papers 1, 2, and 3 all ask about how, despite rhetorics of democratization and variety, forms of digital sound may be becoming standardized through technological and social means. The first and third papers call attention to the ways the specific affordances of given digital production technologies shape (though do not determine) the kinds of production that become prevalent in a given moment. There are also methodological convergences: papers 3 and 4 take as their object of inquiry technology makers, and papers 2 and 4 both use press coverage as the site of investigation. Finally, papers 2 and 4 ask questions about what people believe is socially proper or correct in the case of digital sound. In these ways, this panel represents both an important contribution to our understanding of contemporary issues in digital sound as well as relating to broader questions central to internet research.
MORE THAN MEETS THE EYES: THE LENS OF VISIBILITY IN INTERNET RESEARCH
Authors: Myles David , Trottier Daniel , Millette Mélanie , Bonneau Claudine , Sergi Viviane , Casemajor Nathalie , Toupin Sophie
Published: July 2020

The objective of this panel is to examine the analytical and empirical relevance of the “visibility lens” for Internet research. In the past decade, researchers have started to take a specific interest in the constitutive role of online visibility in the organization of social reality. Studies have underlined the fundamental role of visibility afforded by digital technologies in the social recognition or exclusion of individuals, groups, and communities. They have also identified visibility and its management as being constitutive of social identities, relations, and practices among actors in a variety of fields. So far, Internet researchers have provided various definitions and operationalizations of online visibility. For example, visibility can be apprehended as both a political lever for individuals and collectives or as a conceptual category for researchers to make sense of social reality. Visibility is also frequently associated with digital materiality. As such, it is sometimes used as a criterion to categorize digital technologies regarding the control they allow for users to manage and disclose personal contents or activities. Furthermore, visibility can also be conceptualized as an affordance that is enabled by the functionalities of digital technologies and enacted through their situated uses. In this panel, presenters will raise theoretical, methodological, and ethical issues linked to visibility by drawing from a series of case studies. They will then draw similarities and contrasts between cases, as well as discuss the implications and, indeed, the relevance of formalizing the lens of visibility in the field of Internet research.