bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RNA-Sequencing Identification of Genes Supporting HepG2 as a Model Cell Line for Hepatocellular Carcinoma or Hepatocytes
Authors: Štancl Paula , Gršković Paula , Držaić Sara , Vičić Ana , Karlić Rosa , Korać Petra
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Cell lines do not faithfully replicate the authentic transcriptomic condition of the disease under study. The HepG2 cell line is widely used for studying hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but not all biological processes and genes exhibit congruent expression patterns between cell lines and the actual disease. The objective of this study is to perform a comparative transcriptomic analysis of the HepG2 cell line, HCC, and primary hepatocytes (PH) in order to identify genes suitable for research in HepG2 as a model for PH or HCC research. Methods: We conducted a differential expression analysis between publicly available data from HCC patients, PH, and HepG2. We examined specific overlaps of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in a pairwise manner between groups in order to obtain a valuable gene list for studying HCC or PH using different parameter filtering. We looked into the function and druggability of these genes. Conclusions: In total, we identified 397 genes for HepG2 as a valuable HCC model and 421 genes for HepG2 as a valuable PH model, and with more stringent criteria, we derived a smaller list of 40 and 21 genes, respectively. The majority of genes identified as a valuable set for the HCC model are involved in DNA repair and protein degradation mechanisms. This research aims to provide detailed guidance on gene selection for studying diseases like hepatocellular carcinoma, primary hepatocytes, or others using cell lines.
Pyrostories: New Historical Insights into Portuguese Burning Landscapes
Authors: Queiroz Ana Isabel , Ágoas Frederico , Portela Joana Abranches , Sousa Joana , Carmo Miguel
Published: November 2024

This paper examines Portuguese literary texts in which fire is explicitly included in the narrative. These texts include descriptions of various occurrences and uses of fire and their intertwined social and ecological effects. They shed light on the origins, actors, practices, and impacts of fire, and they reveal past perceptions of fire, namely the role fire played in social processes and in the making of landscapes. It becomes evident that in literary texts, fire is not merely a physical element but also a powerful symbolic force of life, death, and transformation. Furthermore, the literary landscapes of different regions describe fire in distinct ways, reflecting particular geographical, social, and political contexts.
Parametric Study of Rainfall-Induced Instability in Fine-Grained Sandy Soil
Authors: Espinosa F Samuel A. , El Naggar M. Hesham
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the stability of fine-grained sandy soil slopes under varying rainfall intensities, durations, and geotechnical properties using a parametric analysis within GeoStudio. A total of 4416 unique parameter combinations were analyzed, incorporating variations in unit weight, cohesion, friction angle, slope inclination, slope height, rainfall intensity, and duration. Results reveal that rainfall intensity is the most influential variable on the factor of safety (FS), with higher intensities (e.g., 360 mm/h) on steeper slopes (e.g., 45°) leading to critical FS values below 1, indicating an imminent risk of failure. Under moderate conditions (e.g., 9 mm/h rainfall on slopes of 26.6°), the FS remains above 2. This dataset provides a valuable foundation for training machine learning models to predict slope stability under diverse environmental conditions, contributing to the development of early warning systems for rainfall-induced landslides.
Short-Term Impact of Digital Mental Health Interventions on Psychological Well-Being and Blood Sugar Control in Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Riyadh
Authors: Alodhialah Abdulaziz M. , Almutairi Ashwaq A. , Almutairi Mohammed
Published: November 2024

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) management is complicated by psychological factors, yet mental health interventions are not routinely integrated into diabetes care. This study investigated the impact of a digital mental health intervention on psychological well-being and glycemic control in T2D patients. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted with 120 T2D patients divided into intervention (n = 60) and control (n = 60) groups. The intervention group received a one-month digital mental health intervention alongside standard care. Psychological well-being (PHQ-9, GAD-7, and DDS) and glycemic control (HbA1c) were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. Results: The intervention group showed significant improvements in HbA1c levels (−0.5%, p = 0.032), PHQ-9 (−3.1, p = 0.001), GAD-7 (−2.8, p = 0.006), and DDS (−7.7, p = 0.012) scores compared to the control group. Strong correlations were observed between psychological improvements and HbA1c reductions. Higher engagement with the digital platform was associated with greater improvements in both psychological and glycemic outcomes. Conclusions: Integrating digital mental health interventions into T2D care can significantly improve both psychological well-being and glycemic control. These findings support a more holistic approach to diabetes management that addresses both mental and physical health aspects.
Response of Patients with Color Vision Defects to Worth 4-Dot and Duochrome Tests
Authors: Almustanyir Ali , Alabdulkader Balsam , Alanazi Muteb , Alhadyani Abdulmalik , Almutairi Meznah S. , Alhazmi Mohammed , Almutleb Essam , Alqahtani Tahani , Almagren Bader , Alhassan Mosaad
Published: November 2024

Background: Individuals with congenital color vision defects (CVDs) are at greater risk of misidentifying colors, necessitating an investigation into their ability to distinguish colors accurately. This study aimed to assess how individuals with CVDs perceive the colors in the Worth four-dot (W4D) and duochrome tests. It also explored whether individuals with CVDs require more detailed instructions from optometrists and eye care providers during these tests. Method: Thirty-two participants with congenital CVDs were recruited for this study. Participants with ocular diseases were excluded based on a brief questionnaire. The participants underwent a W4D test to determine the colors of four circles and the duochrome test without using filters. Result: All the participants correctly identified the W4D colors, except for five participants (15.62%). Furthermore, among all the participants, two (one with deuteranopia and one with protanopia) failed to identify the colors correctly in the duochrome test (6.25%). Conclusions: The findings suggest that in the context of optometric assessment, it could be essential for optometrists to incorporate a preliminary inquiry into a patient’s ability to identify colors prior to performing diagnostic tests such as the W4D or duochrome tests. Incorrect responses from patients with CVDs might mislead optometrists regarding the proper outcomes of the test.
Validation of the Mental Illness: Clinicians’ Attitudes Scale: The Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of the Brazilian Version
Authors: Fernandes Raquel Helena Hernandez , Sanches Marcos , Bobbili Sireesha Jennifer , Godoy Simone de , de Sousa Álvaro Francisco Lopes , González-Ângulo Pedro , Vedana Kelly Graziani Giacchero , Ventura Carla Aparecida Arena
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: In the literature, few instruments have been identified to measure the stigma of health professionals toward people with mental illness. In Brazil, until 2021, the literature did not indicate the validation of an instrument or the construction of an instrument for this purpose. Considering this gap, this study aimed to validate and estimate the reliability of the Mental Illness: Clinicians’ Attitudes Scale, version 4 (MICA-4) for the Brazilian context, examining the psychometric properties through the analysis of its internal consistency and factor structure. Methods: Psychometric testing was completed in a sample of health professionals from Primary HealthCare Units. Reliability analysis was conducted in SPSS v23. Cronbach’s Alpha and item total correlation were used. The dimensionality of the MICA was explored using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) in Mplus 8.2. Results: A total of 195 health professionals participated in the research. Cronbach’s Alpha was 0.68 and according to the reliability analysis, items 10 and 12 of the original version were deleted, resulting, therefore, in 14 items. In addition, we demonstrated that it is possible to have only two factors instead of five factors, which is the number of factors in the original version of the MICA-4. Conclusions: This validated instrument for the Brazilian context can serve as an important tool in understanding the phenomenon of the stigma of health professionals toward people with mental illness and, consequently, in promoting anti-stigma strategies in Brazil.
Genotype and Organ-Specific Variability in Antioxidant Capacities as Well as Polyamine and Osmolyte Levels in Eleven Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum Raf.) Cultivars with Different Flowering Periods
Authors: Vuksanović Vanja , Kebert Marko , Pavlović Lazar , Kesić Lazar , Rašeta Milena , Kovačević Branislav , Orlović Saša
Published: November 2024

Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum Raf. Shinn.) is a valued plant known for its diverse flower colors and long vase life. Despite considerable research on the physiological roles of osmolytes, polyamines, and phenolic compounds, there is a lack of understanding regarding their specific accumulation patterns across various lisianthus cultivars and organs. This study aims to compare eleven lisianthus cultivars with varying flowering periods according to their accumulation of osmolytes, polyamines, phenolic content, and antioxidant capacities and measure their resistance to abiotic stress factors. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescent detection was employed to quantify putrescine (PUT), spermidine (SPD), and spermine (SPM). In addition, proline (PRO), glycine betaine (GB), antioxidant capacities, phenolic content, and flavonoid contents were assessed spectrophotometrically. This comprehensive analysis allowed for a detailed understanding of the biochemical markers. The result indicates a significant genotype and organ-dependent variation in accumulation patterns of inspected metabolites and antioxidant activities. The petals of Rosita Green exhibited the highest levels of phenols and flavonoids, whereas the petals of Rosita Blue Picote demonstrated the highest concentrations of osmolytes. Polyamines were found to be more concentrated in the petals than in the leaves. The average values indicated high levels of polyamines in the Mariachi Carmine (PUT 186.72 nmol g−1 DW) and Mariachi Pink (SPD 227.4 nmol g−1 DW) cultivars. These findings underscore the significance of inspected compounds in stress tolerance among cultivars with different flowering periods, providing insights for optimizing cultivation strategies for lisianthus.
Optimized Cultivation of Stropharia rugosoannulata Using Winter Jujube Wastes and Safety Risk Assessment of the Cultivated Mushrooms
Authors: Yang Jiale , Sun Shuguang , Qiao Shuqin , Li Xinxin , Yu Guorong , Lan Wenzhong , Ji Li , Ge Yupeng , Cheng Xianhao , Li Weihuan
Published: November 2024

Substantial agricultural waste, including winter jujube residues, pits, and sawdust, is generated during the planting and processing of winter jujubes. To recycle these wastes, they were used to cultivate Stropharia rugosoannulata. The nutrient composition, mineral elements, 179 pesticide residues, and heavy metals in the wastes and S. rugosoannulata were tested. Cultivating the liquid spawn of S. rugosoannulata with 40 g/L winter jujube residue as a substitute for glucose significantly increased the mycelial pellets’ biomass by 136%, resulting in more uniform pellets. Secondary strains of S. rugosoannulata were cultured using winter jujube pits, showing no significant difference in mycelial growth rate and vigor compared to the control (CK) across additive levels of 10–30%. The fruit bodies of S. rugosoannulata cultivated with winter jujube sawdust exhibited no detectable pesticide residues and a lower heavy metal content than the allowable limits, with a protein content of 36.7 g/100 g. Additionally, the mineral element potassium surpassed sodium by over 200 times, rendering it a potassium-rich, low-sodium food source. Utilizing winter jujube wastes for S. rugosoannulata cultivation effectively repurposed these wastes through sustainable recycling. This approach not only reduces cultivation costs but also yields safe and nutritious edible fungal products.
Advancing Indoor Epidemiological Surveillance: Integrating Real-Time Object Detection and Spatial Analysis for Precise Contact Rate Analysis and Enhanced Public Health Strategies
Authors: Baligh Jahromi Ali , Attarian Koorosh , Asgary Ali , Wu Jianhong
Published: November 2024

In response to escalating concerns about the indoor transmission of respiratory diseases, this study introduces a sophisticated software tool engineered to accurately determine contact rates among individuals in enclosed spaces—essential for public health surveillance and disease transmission mitigation. The tool applies YOLOv8, a cutting-edge deep learning model that enables precise individual detection and real-time tracking from video streams. An innovative feature of this system is its dynamic circular buffer zones, coupled with an advanced 2D projective transformation to accurately overlay video data coordinates onto a digital layout of the physical environment. By analyzing the overlap of these buffer zones and incorporating detailed heatmap visualizations, the software provides an in-depth quantification of contact instances and spatial contact patterns, marking an advancement over traditional contact tracing and contact counting methods. These enhancements not only improve the accuracy and speed of data analysis but also furnish public health officials with a comprehensive framework to develop more effective non-pharmaceutical infection control strategies. This research signifies a crucial evolution in epidemiological tools, transitioning from manual, simulation, and survey-based tracking methods to automated, real time, and precision-driven technologies that integrate advanced visual analytics to better understand and manage disease transmission in indoor settings.
Unraveling Youth Indebtedness in China: A Case Study Based on the “Debtors Avengers” Community on Douban
Authors: Zhang Junan , Liu Dong
Published: November 2024

Over-indebtedness is an increasingly serious issue among young people in China. Using Atlas.ti, this study analyzes textual data from the online community “Debtors Avengers” on Douban.com, applying a combined framework of life cycle and credit liberalization hypotheses. The findings reveal that youth indebtedness is not solely driven by irrational consumer behavior but is closely linked to economic activities during specific life stages. Structurally, it reflects sociofinancial digitization and normalized credit use. Factors such as life circumstances, financial literacy, labor market instability, and public safety risks contribute to a “debt spiral”. Addressing these challenges requires the refinement of financial policies, enhanced education, and intervention in financial aggression.
Bridging Knowledge and Data Gaps in Odonata Rarity: A South Korean Case Study Using Multispecies Occupancy Models and the Rabinowitz Framework
Authors: Yoon Sungsoo , Kang Wanmo
Published: November 2024

Accurate assessment of species rarity and conservation status requires an approach that integrates data-driven models with established ecological knowledge. In this study, we applied multispecies occupancy (MSO) and latent factor multispecies occupancy (LFMSO) models to estimate the occurrence of 133 Odonata species in South Korea. Using the model outputs, we implemented the Rabinowitz rarity framework to conduct data-based rarity assessments, which were then compared with known ecological information, including geographic ranges, habitat preferences, regional Red List statuses, and citizen science observations. Our findings reveal both alignments and discrepancies between these data-driven rarity assessments and traditional ecological knowledge. For example, species classified as near threatened (NT) or vulnerable (VU) on the regional Red List generally corresponded with high-rarity classifications based on the Rabinowitz framework. However, significant inconsistencies were identified, particularly for certain lentic Odonata species traditionally considered common. These results suggest that spatial biases in field surveys, combined with limited access to data on legally protected species, can impede accurate rarity assessments. These findings underscore the need for standardized survey protocols and improved data-sharing policies for sensitive species to reduce biases and enhance the reliability of rarity assessments. This is essential for effective conservation planning and biodiversity management in freshwater ecosystems.
The Effects of Global Climate Warming on the Developmental Parameters of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner, 1808) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Liu Zhiqian , Liu Biyu , Yu Huan , Zhang Honghua , He Zhipeng , Zhuo Zhihang
Published: November 2024

Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner, 1808) is a significant global agricultural pest, particularly posing a major threat during the boll-forming stage of cotton. In recent years, the severity of its damage has increased markedly, and its population dynamics and biological characteristics may be profoundly affected by global climate change. This study conducted a systematic meta-analysis to evaluate the life history traits of H. armigera under conditions of rising global temperatures, different photoperiods, and humidity levels. A comprehensive analysis of 26 related studies revealed that different developmental stages of H. armigera have distinct temperature requirements. When the temperature is within an optimal range (32 °C to 35 °C), the development rate of H. armigera accelerates, the life cycle shortens, and the reproductive capacity of female moths increases. However, when the temperature exceeds 35 °C, development slows, mortality rates increase, and the oviposition of female moths decreases significantly, indicating a negative impact of high temperatures on growth and reproduction. Overall, as the temperature rises above 20 °C, various physiological indicators of H. armigera significantly improve, and at 32 °C, the larval development period and overall life cycle reach their shortest duration. This meta-analysis provides new insights into the biological responses of H. armigera in the context of climate change and offers a scientific basis for future control strategies.
Arterial Stiffness as a New Predictor of Clinical Outcome in Patients with Polycythemia Vera
Authors: Mulas Olga , Sestu Alessandro , Costa Alessandro , Chessa Salvatore , Vargiu Carla , Corda Ludovica , Pittau Francesca , La Nasa Giorgio , Caocci Giovanni , Scuteri Angelo
Published: November 2024

Background: Thrombotic adverse events and disease progression are crucial in Polycythemia Vera (PV), as it stands as the leading cause of mortality. The pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a valuable indicator of arterial aging and often plays a significant independent role in contributing to cardiovascular adverse events (CV-AEs). The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between PWV and critical vascular function parameters, with the goal of identifying new predictive factors of vascular damage and exploring a potential connection with disease progression. Methods: Non-invasive aortic stiffness was assessed through carotid–femoral PWV measurement. PWV was measured using the SphygmoCor device. History of arterial or venous thrombosis (TAEs) or other CV-AEs was collected at baseline. PWV measurements were repeated at baseline, at 6 and at 12 months. Results: The study involved 28 PV patients aged 27 to 77 years, with 57.1% being male. Fourteen patients (50%) reported a high-risk thrombotic score at diagnosis, and 60.7% had at least one comorbidity. Multivariable regression models showed that hemoglobin levels were independently associated with PWV (β: 0.68, SE 0.24, p < 0.01). During the follow-up period (median duration 21.3 months, range 6–33), a total of 13 events were documented. Specifically, two patients exhibited a loss of response to treatment, four patients presented an increase in spleen diameters, three patients displayed an escalation of systemic symptoms, and three patients had a clear progression to secondary myelofibrosis. PWV (per 1 m/s: OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.00–2.91, p = 0.047) and leukocyte count (per 1 × 103/μL: OR 1.47, 95% CI: 1.04–2.09, p = 0.043) were significant predictors of events, independently of waist circumference, blood pressure, treatment, and hematocrit. Conclusions: PWV has demonstrated its potential as an effective tool for monitoring PV patients. It stands as a clinical parameter that can predict the risk of progression in PV patients. Further investigation is essential to fully explore this potential. If successful, it could offer clinicians a valuable resource for effectively managing PV patients.
Infantile Sinonasal Tract Myxomas with Orbital Involvement: Presentation of Two Cases and Comprehensive Literature Review
Authors: Burns Mason Jenner , Graf Nicole S. , Hobson Megan , Moghimi Ali , Tumuluri Krishna
Published: November 2024

Objective: Our aim is to present two cases of infantile sinonasal tract myxoma with orbital involvement and conduct a comprehensive literature review of the topic. We aim to provide a summary of the presentation of infantile sinonasal tract myxomas to effectively aid clinicians in considering this rare entity as a potential diagnosis. Methods: We present a case series and a retrospective review of the published literature in the English language. A search was conducted between 1945 and 2023 on sinonasal myxoma. Cases of infantile (<3 years) sinonasal myxoma in the literature were reported as well as two cases of our own. Data was collected from each of the identified articles on the age of presentation, sex, initial presentation, tumor location, imaging, pathology, and treatment. Results: Forty-eight cases of sinonasal myxoma in children <3 years of age were identified. These cases had a slight male preponderance (F:M, 1:1.39) and an average age of diagnosis of sixteen months. Of the cases included, the majority involved the maxilla and maxillary sinuses (83.3%) and commonly presented with a painless slow-growing mass in the region of the tumor. Characteristic CT findings are homogenous solid masses with heterogeneous contrast enhancement. On MRI, these lesions appear hypointense on T1 with highly variable contrast enhancement and hyperintense on T2. Conclusions: We present two cases of infantile sinonasal myxoma with secondary orbital involvement followed by a major review. Treatment of these cases with surgical excision (confirmed clear margins) provided 0% rates of recurrence in the reported cases. Due to the rarity of these tumors and recent histological reclassification, a comprehensive review of this condition will assist clinicians in their management of it.
PREVALENCE, Characteristics, and Awareness of Chronic Kidney Disease in Croatia: The EH-UH 2 Study
Authors: Jelaković Ana , Radunović Danilo , Josipović Josipa , Željković Vrkić Tajana , Gellineo Lana , Domislović Marija , Prelević Vladimir , Živko Marijana , Fuček Mirjana , Marinović Glavić Mihaela , Bašić-Jukić Nikolina , Pećin Ivan , Bubaš Marija , Capak Krunoslav , Jelaković Bojan
Published: November 2024

Background. National surveys have reported variable prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), due to differences in the characteristics of the population, study design, equations used for the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and definitions. The EH-UH 2 survey is the first study evaluating CKD prevalence, characteristics, and awareness in Croatia. Methods. This was a cross-sectional nationwide observational study designed to assess the prevalence of CKD and cardio–kidney–metabolic risk factors in Croatia, which included 1765 randomly selected subjects. We estimated the prevalence of CKD by means of the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) and eGFR (CKD-EPI equation). Comorbidities and anthropometric and social factors related to the prevalence of CKD were analyzed, and the CV risk profile was evaluated. Results. The weighted prevalence of CKD (any stage), CKD stage ≥G3A A2, and CKD defined only as an eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were estimated at 17.1%, 9.8%, and 7.9%, respectively. The prevalence was higher in men than in women (11.8% vs. 7.9%; p < 0.001). The weighted prevalence of an ACR >30 mg/g was 15.1%. Older age, male gender, diabetes, ePWV, and uric acid were independently associated with CKD prevalence. The awareness of CKD was 9.5%. Persons unaware of CKD were older with lower income, less education, more frequent diabetes, hypertension (less frequently controlled), and milder renal impairment. Conclusions. In Croatia, the estimated prevalence of CKD is high, being presented more frequently in men than in women. CKD patients have an unfavorable CV risk profile. The awareness of CKD is very low, reflecting poor health literacy in the general population but also in health-care workers.
Sutureless Bioprostheses for Aortic Valve Replacement: An Updated Systematic Review with Long-Term Results
Authors: Chiariello Giovanni Alfonso , Di Mauro Michele , Villa Emmanuel , Koulouroudias Marinos , Bruno Piergiorgio , Mazza Andrea , Pasquini Annalisa , D’Avino Serena , De Angelis Gaia , Corigliano Kiara , Marcolini Alberta , Zancanaro Edoardo , Saitto Guglielmo , Meani Paolo , Massetti Massimo , Lorusso Roberto
Published: November 2024

Background: In recent years, in case of aortic valve replacement (AVR), a significant increase in the use of bioprostheses has been observed. The Perceval sutureless bioprosthesis has proven to be safe and reliable in the short and mid-term, with limited but promising long-term results. An updated systematic review with the long-term results of patients who underwent a sutureless bioprosthesis implantation with a Perceval biological valve is herewith presented. Methods: Studies published between 2015 and 2024, including the long-term outcomes—with clinical as well as echocardiographic information for up to five years—of patients who underwent a Perceval implantation for AVR were selected from the published literature. The Cochrane GRADE system was used to assess the study quality, and the risk of bias in non-randomized studies (ROBINS-I) tool was used to evaluate studies. Results: Ten studies were selected with an overall number of 5221 patients. The long-term survival ranged from 64.8 to 87.9%, freedom from structural valve degeneration (SVD) from 96.1 to 100%, freedom from significant paravalvular leak from 98.5 to 100%, freedom from prosthetic endocarditis from 90.7 to 99%, and freedom from reintervention from 94 to 100%. The long-term mortality ranged from 6.5 to 27.4%. SVD was observed in 0–4.8% patients. Significant paravalvular leak was observed in 0–3.4% patients, and infective endocarditis was observed in 0–3.4%. A bioprosthesis-related reintervention at long-term follow-up was required for 0–4.3% of patients, and 1.7–7.1% of patients required a late new pacemaker implantation. The transprosthetic mean pressure gradient ranged from 9 to 14.7 mmHg, peak pressure gradient ranged from 17.8 to 26.5 mmHg, and EOA ranged from 1.5 to 1.7 cm2. Conclusions: This systematic review shows that there is still a paucity of data about sutureless bioprostheses. Nevertheless, the clinical results from prospective studies or retrospective series are encouraging. Medium- and long-term results seem to support the increasing use of this type of prosthesis.
Nonlinear Dynamics Analysis of Handgrip Strength Using the Poincaré Plot Method Through Video Processing Techniques
Authors: Ciucurel Constantin , Iconaru Elena Ioana
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the nonlinear dynamics of handgrip strength (HGS) in young adults, focusing on hand dominance, by employing the Poincaré plot method to assess short- and long-term variability utilizing dynamometry and video motion capture during sustained isometric contractions. Methods: A cross-sectional exploratory study was conducted on 30 healthy subjects (mean age 21.6 ± 1.3 years, 13 males and 17 females), measuring HGS for both the dominant hand (DH) and nondominant hand (NDH) using a Saehan hydraulic dynamometer during 25-s sustained isometric contractions. A GoPro HERO11 Black camera recorded the dynamometer’s needle movements, and the video data were analyzed using Kinovea software. Angular values were converted to force using a calibration-based formula, and the Poincaré plot computed variability indices (short-term variability—SD1, long-term variability—SD2, ratio SD1/SD2, and area of the fitting ellipse) for each hand in relation to HGS and angular velocity (AV). Data analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: We demonstrated a strong correlation between mechanical and video measurements (p ≤ 0.001), confirming the reliability of the video method. The findings highlight the importance of nonlinear analysis in understanding neuromuscular function and fatigue, revealing significant correlations among HGS, AV, Poincaré indices, and fatigue levels in both hands (p ≤ 0.001). Increased maximum HGS and AV correlated with higher nonlinear variability in force production. Conclusions: This study confirms the reliability of the proposed video-based HGS assessment and demonstrates the effectiveness of Poincaré plot analysis for capturing nonlinear variability in HGS.
The Role of Benthic TA and DIC Fluxes on Carbon Sequestration in Seagrass Meadows of Dongsha Island
Authors: Fan Lan-Feng , Kang En-Cheng , Natividad Mariche B. , Hung Chin-Chang , Shih Yung-Yen , Huang Wei-Jen , Chou Wen-Chen
Published: November 2024

Coastal blue carbon ecosystems sequester carbon, storing it as plant biomass and particulate organic matter in sediments. Recent studies emphasize the importance of incorporating dissolved inorganic and organic forms into carbon assessments. As sediment-stored organic matter decomposes, it releases dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA), both of which are critical for regulating the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and thus carbon sequestration. This study investigated the role of benthic DIC and TA fluxes in carbon sequestration within seagrass meadows in Dongsha Island’s inner lagoon (IL) during the winter and summer seasons. Chamber incubation experiments revealed elevated benthic DIC and TA fluxes compared to global averages (107 ± 75.9 to 119 ± 144 vs. 1.3 ± 1.06 mmol m−2 d−1 for DIC, and 69.7 ± 40.7 to 75.8 ± 81.5 vs. 0.52 ± 0.43 mmol m−2 d−1 for TA). Despite DIC fluxes being approximately 1.5 times higher than TA fluxes, water pCO2 levels remained low (149 ± 26 to 156 ± 18 µatm). Mass balance calculations further indicated that benthic DIC was predominantly reabsorbed into plant biomass through photosynthesis (−135 to −128 mmol m−2 d−1). Conversely, TA accumulated in the water and was largely exported (−60.3 to −53.7 mmol m−2 d−1), demonstrating natural ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE). This study highlights the crucial role of IL seagrass meadows in coastal carbon sequestration through net autotrophy and carbonate dissolution. Future research should explore the global implications of these processes and assess the potential of natural OAE in other coastal blue carbon ecosystems.
Numerical Simulation of the Horizontal Water-Entry Process of High-Speed Vehicles
Authors: Ju Jin-Long , Yang Na-Na , Zhang Yi-Fei , Yu Lei , Zhang Zhe , Li Liang-Chao , Ma Guo-Lu , Wu Wen-Hua
Published: November 2024

Based on the RNG k-ε turbulence model and VOF multiphase flow model, a numerical model of horizontal water-entry of the vehicle was established, and the numerical method was verified by experimental results. The cavitation characteristics, fluid resistance, and motion of the vehicle under different conditions were studied during the vehicle’s water-entry process. The results show that the cavitation process can be divided into the cavity development stage, saturation stage, and collapse stage. With the increase in initial velocity and mass of the vehicle, more water vapor will be generated during the water-entry process. The initial velocity of the vehicle had a limited effect on the resistance coefficient. The resistance coefficient in the stable stage remained almost unchanged for vehicles with different masses. Nevertheless, the time interval of the stable stage was shortened, and the resistance coefficient was greater in the gradually increasing stage for the vehicle with a smaller mass. For vehicles with higher initial velocity or smaller mass, the instantaneous velocity decreased faster after it entered the water. The vehicle with a streamlined design was able to reduce the generation of water vapor and decrease fluid resistance and its coefficient, and the vehicle can run farther during the water-entry process.
Fall Detection in Q-eBall: Enhancing Gameplay Through Sensor-Based Solutions
Authors: Aklah Zeyad T. , Hassan Hussein T. , Al-Safi Amean , Aljabery Khalid
Published: November 2024

The field of physically interactive electronic games is rapidly evolving, driven by the fact that it combines the benefits of physical activities and the attractiveness of electronic games, as well as advancements in sensor technologies. In this paper, a new game was introduced, which is a special version of Bubble Soccer, which we named Q-eBall. It creates a dynamic and engaging experience by combining simulation and physical interactions. Q-eBall is equipped with a fall detection system, which uses an embedded electronic circuit integrated with an accelerometer, a gyroscopic, and a pressure sensor. An evaluation of the performance of the fall detection system in Q-eBall is presented, exploring its technical details and showing its performance. The system captures the data of players’ movement in real-time and transmits it to the game controller, which can accurately identify when a player falls. The automated fall detection process enables the game to take the required actions, such as transferring possession of the visual ball or applying fouls, without the need for manual intervention. Offline experiments were conducted to assess the performance of four machine learning models, which were K-Nearest Neighbors (KNNs), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), for falls detection. The results showed that the inclusion of pressure sensor data significantly improved the performance of all models, with the SVM and LSTM models reaching 100% on all metrics (accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score). To validate the offline results, a real-time experiment was performed using the pre-trained SVM model, which successfully recorded all 150 falls without any false positives or false negatives. These findings prove the reliability and effectiveness of the Q-eBall fall detection system in real time.
Cerebral Arterial Inflow and Venous Outflow Assessment Using 4D Flow MRI in Adult and Pediatric Patients
Authors: Abdalla Ramez N. , Schnell Susanne , Aristova Maria , Alzein Mohamad Mohayad , Moazeni Yasaman , Aw Jessie , Wu Can , Markl Michael , Cantrell Donald R. , Hurley Michael C. , Ansari Sameer , Shaibani Ali
Published: November 2024

Background and Purpose: The cerebral circulation is highly regulated to maintain brain perfusion, keeping an equilibrium between the brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood of the arterial and venous systems. Cerebral venous drainage abnormalities have been implicated in multiple cerebrovascular diseases. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the arterial inflow (AI) and the cerebral venous outflow (CVO) and their correlation with the cardiac outflow in healthy adults and children to understand the role of the emissary veins in normal venous drainage. Materials and Methods: A total of 31 healthy volunteers (24 adults (39.5 ± 16.0) and seven children (3.4 ± 2.2)) underwent intracranial 4D flow with full circle of Willis coverage and 2D PC-MRI at the level of the transverse sinus for measurement of the AI and CVO, respectively. The AI was calculated as the sum of the flow values in the bilateral internal carotid and basilar arteries. The CVO was calculated as the sum of the flow values in the bilateral transverse sinuses. The cardiac outflow was measured via 2D PC-MRI with retrospective ECG gating with images acquired at the proximal ascending aorta (AAo) and descending (DAo) aorta. The ratios of the AI/AAo flow and CVO/AI were calculated to characterize the fraction of cerebral arterial inflow in relation to cardiac outflow and venous blood draining through the transverse sinuses, respectively. Results: The AI and CVO were significantly correlated (r = 0.81, p < 0.001). The CVO constituted approximately 60–70% of the AI. The CVO/AI ratio was significantly lower in children versus adults (p = 0.025). In adults, the negative correlation of the AI with age remained strong (r = −0.81, p < 0.001). However, the CVO was not significantly associated with age. Conclusion: The CVO/AI ratio suggests an important role of the emissary veins, accounting for approximately 30–40% of venous drainage. The lower CVO/AI ratio in children, although partially related to decreased AI with age, suggests a greater role of the emissary veins in childhood, which strongly decreases with age.
Analysis of the Spatial-Temporal Characteristics and Driving Factors of Cultivated Land Fragmentation Under the Expansion of Urban and Rural Construction Land: A Case Study of Ezhou City
Authors: Feng Ke , Gao Haoran , Qu Liping , Gong Jian
Published: November 2024

A systematic understanding of the spatial-temporal evolution patterns of cultivated land fragmentation (CLF), its driving factors, and its relationship with the expansion of urban and rural construction land is essential for identifying strategies to mitigate CLF in rapidly urbanizing regions. This study combined landscape fragmentation with ownership fragmentation, analyzing CLF through three dimensions: resource endowment, spatial concentration, and convenience of utilization, with eight selected indicators. By comparing village-level data from 2013 to 2022, we explored the key drivers of CLF and its conflicts with urban and rural construction land expansion. The findings indicate a clear spatial variation in village-level CLF in Ezhou, characterized by low fragmentation in the northwest and northeast, and high fragmentation in the southwest and central regions. This pattern is in contrast to Ezhou’s economic development, which decreased progressively from east to north and south. Over the study period, village-level CLF in Ezhou evolved from being primarily moderately and relatively severely fragmented to predominantly severely and relatively severely fragmented, with an overall declining trend and more pronounced polarization. At the same time, the CLF within the village region demonstrated notable spatial clustering features, with a rapid increase observed between 2013 and 2022. It was also discovered that CLF is driven by various factors, with the main influences being the proportion of construction land, land use intensity, and population density. Cultivated land is the main source of both urban construction land (UCL) and rural construction land (RCL), with average contribution rates of 46.47% and 62.62%, respectively. This research offers empirical evidence for rapid urbanization and serves as a critical reference for rural revitalization and coordinated urban–rural development, with potential guidance for future policy formulation and implementation.
Transition from Transbronchial Forceps to Cryobiopsy After Lung Transplantation: A Single-Centre Experience
Authors: Tosi Davide , Brivio Margherita , Franzi Sara , Palleschi Alessandro , Bonitta Gianluca , Lopez Gianluca , Righi Ilaria , Mendogni Paolo , Cattaneo Margherita , Damarco Francesco , Morlacchi Letizia , Rossetti Valeria , Rosso Lorenzo
Published: November 2024

The gold standard for histological acute cellular rejection diagnosis is transbronchial forceps biopsy (FB), but in recent years, transbronchial cryobiopsy (CB) has been increasingly used. This study aims to compare the diagnostic rate and safety of FBs and CBs performed in two different periods. We retrospectively reviewed our case history for the two biopsy procedures: 251 FBs (223 for surveillance purposes and 28 for clinical indication) and 218 consecutive CBs (159 for surveillance purposes and 59 for clinical indication). All biopsies were scored according to the ISHLT criteria. Diagnostic yield was higher in the CB group for all the parameters considered: a grade of acute rejection (AR) was detected in 95.0% vs. 84.5% in the CB vs. FB groups (p < 0.001). The diagnostic rate of airway inflammation was 65.1% vs. 51.8% (p = 0.005), and 89.0% vs. 64.9% (p < 0.001) for chronic rejection. Pneumothorax requiring chest drainage occurred in 4% of the CB group and 3% of the FB group. Moderate and severe bleeding complicated CB and FB procedures in seven (3%) and three cases (1%), respectively. Transbronchial cryobiopsies improved the diagnostic yield in the monitoring of the lung allograft. The complication rate did not increase significantly in CBs vs. FBs.
Convolution Results with Subclasses of p-Valent Meromorphic Function Connected with q-Difference Operator
Authors: Ali Ekram E. , El-Ashwah Rabha M. , Albalahi Abeer M. , Sidaoui Rabab , Ennaceur Marwa , Vivas-Cortez Miguel
Published: November 2024

Applying the operator of q-difference, we examine the convolution properties of the subclasses MSζ,qr,p(A,B) and MKζ,qr,p(A,B) of p-valent meromorphic functions defined in the punctured open-unit disc. We derived specific inclusion features and coefficient estimates for functions that fall into these subclasses. Additionally, connections between the results presented here and those discovered in earlier papers are emphasized.
Decision-Making Model for Life Cycle Management of Aircraft Components
Authors: Kabashkin Igor , Susanin Vitaly
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a novel decision-making framework for the life cycle management of aircraft components, integrating advanced data analytics, artificial intelligence, and predictive maintenance strategies. The proposed model addresses the challenges of balancing safety, reliability, and cost-effectiveness in aircraft maintenance. By using real-time health monitoring systems, failure probability models, and economic analysis, the framework enables more informed and dynamic maintenance strategies. The model incorporates a comprehensive approach that combines reliability assessment, economic analysis, and continuous re-evaluation to optimize maintenance, replacement, and life extension decisions. The optimization method on the base of genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to minimize total life cycle costs while maintaining component reliability within acceptable thresholds. The framework’s effectiveness is demonstrated through case studies on three distinct aircraft components: mechanical, avionics, and engine. These studies showcase the model’s versatility in handling different failure patterns and maintenance requirements. This study introduces a data-driven decision-making framework for optimizing the life cycle management of aircraft components, focusing on reliability, cost-effectiveness, and safety. To achieve optimal maintenance scheduling and resource allocation, a GA is employed, allowing for an effective exploration of complex solution spaces and enabling dynamic decision-making based on real-time data inputs. The GA-based optimization approach minimizes total life cycle costs while maintaining component reliability, with the framework’s effectiveness demonstrated through case studies on key aircraft components. Key findings from the case study demonstrate significant cost reductions through optimization, with mechanical components showing a 10% more reduction in total life cycle costs, avionics components achieving a 14% more cost reduction, and engine components demonstrating a 7% more decrease in total costs. The research also presents an optimized dynamic maintenance schedule that adapts to real-time component health data, extending component lifespans and reducing unexpected failures. The framework effectively addresses key industry challenges such as no fault found events while minimizing unexpected failures and enhancing the overall reliability and safety of aircraft maintenance practices. Sensitivity analysis further demonstrates the model’s robustness, showing stable performance under varying failure rates, maintenance costs, and degradation rates. The study contributes a scalable approach to predictive maintenance, balancing safety, cost, and resource allocation in dynamic operational environments.
A Nonconvex Approach with Structural Priors for Restoring Underwater Images
Authors: Awan Hafiz Shakeel Ahmad , Mahmood Muhammad Tariq
Published: November 2024

Underwater image restoration is a crucial task in various computer vision applications, including underwater target detection and recognition, autonomous underwater vehicles, underwater rescue, marine organism monitoring, and marine geological survey. Among other categories, the physics-based methods restore underwater images by improving the transmission map through optimization or regularization techniques. Conventional optimization-based methods often do not consider the effect of structural differences between guidance and transmission maps. To address this issue, in this paper, we present a regularization-based method for restoring underwater images that uses coherent structures between the guidance map and the transmission map. The proposed approach models the optimization of transmission maps through a nonconvex energy function comprising data and smoothness terms. The smoothness term includes static and dynamic structural priors, and the optimization problem is solved using a majorize-minimize algorithm. We evaluate the proposed method on benchmark datasets, and the results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over state-of-the-art techniques in terms of improving transmission maps and producing high-quality restored images.