bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medical Students’ Perception and Attitude towards Embryology Course in Khartoum State Universities, Sudan -2023
Authors: Awadelkareem Mohammed Maher Abdallah , Muhammed Abubakr , Awad Mustafa Sabir Abakar , Awadelkarim Hala Maher Abdalla , Awadelkarim Heyam Maher Abdalla , Awadelkarim Reham Maher  Abdalla , Mohamed Montaha Ahmed Adam , Dafaalla Afnan Elsiddig Abdalla
Published: April 2024

Background:
Embryology teaching is challenging; it is important to determine how students think about it to develop the best teaching strategies. This study was conducted to assess Sudanese medical students’ perception towards embryology course.
Materials and methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional survey conducted in medical schools at Khartoum state, Sudan. The study included all the medical students who have completed the embryology course within their faculty curricula. Data was collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. The collected data were cleaned using Microsoft excel 2016 and analyzed using SPSS V28, the results are presented in terms of tables and figures.
Results:
The study included 385 participants with a mean age of 22.3 ± 2 years, females were 273 (71%), and they were from public governmental universities 264 (68.6%). Medical students perceived that integrating embryology and gross anatomy courses in the first and second years are better than teaching each discipline alone 225(58.5%), and they preferred problem-based learning 244(63.4%), and virtual reality for teaching embryology 307(79.7%). Only 22 (5.7%) of them reported that they would pursue embryology as a career due to absence of role model 248 (64.4%), followed by lack of future specialization 238 (61.8%), lack of promotion chances 194 (49.6%), difficulty of the subject 171 (44.4%), and the slow financial growth 110 (28.6%).
Conclusion:
The study found that medical students preferred problem based learning and use of technology to enhance the learning experience. While they showed positive attitude towards embryology course, only few considered it as a future career.
The Characteristics of Renal Microperfusion in Acute Kidney Injury: Initial Experience with Quantitative Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound
Authors: Wang Xiangyu , Liu Jiajia , Chen Luzeng , Su Tao
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to assess use of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in evaluating patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) and investigate its correlationwith renal pathology and clinical outcomes. 16 patients with AKI induced by tubulointerstitial nephritis and 12 volunteers. CEUS parameters, including peak intensity (PI), rise time (RT), time to peak (TTP), mean transit time (mTT), and their cortex-to-medulla ratio, were compared within AKI subgroups and the control group. The relationship of these parameters with renal pathology and renal outcome was analyzed.
The cortex-to-medulla PI ratio of AKI showed a decrease, indicating the presence of medullary congestion. In patients with AKI stage 3, the cortex-to-medulla PI ratio showed positive correlation with the glomerular sclerosis score(r=0.690). Additionally, the score for chronic tubulointerstitial injury had negative correlations with cortical RT and cortical TTP (r=-0.807 and r=-0.821), and their cortex-to-medulla ratios (r=-0.576 and r=-0.547), while having a positive correlation with cortex-to-medulla PI ratio (r=-0.501). 14 patients underwent a 3-month follow-up. Subsequent comparison disclosed that a lower PI ratio was closely related to a more favorable renal outcome.
We found CEUS enables the detection of renal perfusion redistribution in AKI, and a reduced cortex-to-medulla PI ratio suggests medullary congestion. The cortex-to-medulla PI ratio holds potential as a prognostic indicator for AKI, contributing to both diagnosis and the prediction of renal outcomes.
Acute Poisoning in children in Chengdu, China: A Retrospective Study (2019- 2022)
Authors: Wang Yan , Liu Shunli , Huang Lan
Published: April 2024

Understanding the characteristics of children with acute poisoning admitted to emergency departments is helpful to the pediatrician to identify and treat poisoning. This retrospective and descriptive study included 2036 cases aged from 0-14years admitted to the emergency department with a diagnosis of acute poisoning. The incidence was slightly higher in boys than girls (51.2% vs. 48.8%). The most common route of poisoning was the digestive system (99.3%), and the majority were accidental poisonings (92.7%). Drugs were the most common toxic substances (62.1%), followed by pesticides (12.4%) and household cleaners (8.8%). The proportion of toxic substances varied among different age groups, with household cleaners being the most common in infants, and pesticides in other age groups, excluding drugs. Young children accounted for most acute poisoning cases, mostly due to unintentional ingestion of a single substance. Female adolescents were the most common patients intentionally ingested toxic substances, mainly psychotropic drugs.
Quality of registration of antenatal, intrapartum, and newborn information in the Georgian Birth Registry
Authors: Rylander Charlotta , Manjavidze Tinatin , Nedberg Ingvild Hersoug , Kerselidze Maia , Anda Erik
Published: April 2024

Background
The Georgian Birth Registry (GBR) is a digital nationwide birth registry implemented in 2016 that currently covers 99.8% of deliveries in the country. Registration in the GBR is mandatory by law for antenatal care providers and hospitals, and much of the data are transferred from medical records (MRs) to GBRs by a designated person at the medical facility, a so-called single-entry data transfer. We aimed to assess the correspondence of the registration of selected antenatal, intrapartum, and newborn variables between GBR and MRs for a random selection of delivering women.
Methods
We randomly selected 1,050 women who gave birth in 2018. We collected data from the GBR, encompassing around 26 distinct variables associated with pregnancy, childbirth, and the newborn, and mirrored this data extraction process for individual MRs. For dichotomous, ordinal, and date variables, we compared the proportion of registrations with complete agreement between the GBR and the MRs, as well as the proportion of registrations deviating +/- one category or more. Differences in the registrations of newborn birthweight were compared using paired t-tests and visualized with a Bland-Altman plot.
Results
Of the 25 dichotomous, ordinal, and date variables related to pregnancy, childbirth, and newborn birth in the GBR, 20 displayed more than 95% complete agreement with the information in the MRs, and no substantial difference in newborn birthweight registered in the GBR and MRs was observed. The prevalence of maternal morbidity and postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) registered in the MRs was lower than expected, while the proportion of fetuses with transverse lies was higher than expected.
Conclusions
Most antenatal, intrapartum, and newborn information registered in the GBR has satisfactory agreement with the MRs, and error rates are as expected for a single-entry data processing method. The lower-than-expected prevalence of gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, hypertensive disorders, and PPH registered in the MRs, as well as the higher-than-expected prevalence of transverse fetal presentation, warrants in-depth investigation to ensure that the quality of care is satisfactory and to further improve registration in both the MRs and GBR.
Prediction the occurrence of thalassemia with hematological phenotype
Authors: Wan Yafang , Zhang Yu , Li Tian , Chen Shuyue , Niu Changchun , Liao Pu
Published: April 2024

Background The patients who conducted hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) testing in clinical laboratory showing high hemoglobin F (HbF) level (≥1.5%) or abnormal Hb peak indicated possibility of thalassemia. Therefore, current investigation aims to analysis the occurrence of thalassemia in such populations and predict main influence factors by using different statistical model.
Methods HbA1c concentration was detected by using TOSOH HLC-723G8 glycated hemoglobin analyzer. SNaPshot SNP typing and AccuCopy technology were employed to detect 69 single mutation sites and 6 deletion mutations in common α- and β-thalassemia-related pathogenic genes.
Results Total 126 patients endured high HbF level or abnormal Hb peak during HbA1c detection and 66.7% subjects (n=84) showed thalassemia mutations. Three heterozygosity mutations, including c.52A>T (p.K18*), c.-78A>G and c.126_129delCTTT(p.F42Lfs*19) present in HBB gene were newly identified in thalassemia. --SEA/αα mutation demonstrated the youngest ages (P<0.001). 17M (P<0.001) and 41/42M (P<0.01) mutations with β-thalassemia showed higher HbF level compared with patients without thalassemia mutations. Except for -α3.7, mutations in thalassemia showed lower level of MCH and MCV compared with patients without thalassemia mutations. Patients with thalassemia mutations showed younger age (P<0.001), lower Hb (P<0.001), MCV and MCH level (P<0.001), higher RBC count (P<0.001) and PDW level (P=0.007) than patients without thalassemia mutations. Three statistical model indicate MCV is the most valuable independent factor for predicting thalassemia, and ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curves analysis of AUC of 0.855 (95%CI [0.787-0.923], P<0.001) with MCV.
Conclusions High HbF level (≥1.5%) or abnormal Hb peak present in HbA1c testing indicated high incident rate of thalassemia. Therefore, further genetic testing was advised for such patients. MCV is the most valuable independent predicting factor for subjects having thalassemia.
Efficacy and Safety of Tumour-Treating Fields Combined with Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Patients
Authors: Wang Zixuan , Zong Dan , Zhu Huanfeng , Guo Wenjie , Ge Yizhi , Wang Xiao , Yu Jiamin , Zou Guannan , He Xia
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Tumour-treating fields (TTFields) have demonstrated efficacy in extending survival in the temozolomide maintenance therapy phase. We present a retrospective analysis of newly diagnosed Chinese glioblastoma patients treated at Jiangsu Cancer Hospital from September 2021 to December 2023 to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TTFields combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy for these patients.
Methods: Progression-free survival (PFS) curves were constructed using the Kaplan–Meier method. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the effect of TTFields and to account for confounding factors.
Results: Among the 58 glioblastoma patients included in the study, the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 11.7 months (95% CI: 9.4-14.0), with a 6-month PFS rate of 88.5%. The objective response rate (ORR) was 58.6% (34/58), and the disease control rate (DCR) was 93.1% (54/58). Mild to moderate skin toxicity underneath the transducer arrays occurred in 56.9% of patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that surgery type and compliance rate with TTFs were favourable prognostic factors.
Conclusion: In our final analysis of single-centre Chinese patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma, concurrent chemoradiotherapy with TTFields resulted in a statistically significant improvement in PFS and demonstrated improved safety profiles.
Comparative Analysis of two presbyopia correction IOLs: Objective and Subjective Visual Outcomes
Authors: Zanata Maria Carolina , Hida Wilson Takashi , Vilar César Martins Cortez , Moscovici Bernardo Kaplan , Chaves Mario Augusto Pereira Dias , Tzelikis Patrick Frensel de Moraes , Lake Jonathan Clive , Carricondo Pedro
Published: April 2024

Background: Compare and assess the objective and subjective visual outcomes of bilateral implantation of two different intraocular lenses (IOLs) for presbyopia correction.
Methods: A prospective comparative case series with cataract surgery and bilateral implantation of Synergy or Panoptix was performed. We assessed the monocular defocus curve using subjective visual-quality questionnaires and compared each group’s near, far, and intermediate visual acuity.
Results: In total, 19 patients (38 eyes), 8 (42%) of whom had Synergy lenses and 11 (58%) had Panoptix lenses, were included in the study. Patients in both groups could achieve good quality distance, intermediate, and near vision. The defocus curves revealed no statistically significant difference, with the Synergy group showing better results from −1.50 to −3.00. No statistically significant difference was observed in photic events between the compared groups. Patients in both groups reported good outcomes in the visual-quality questionnaires.
Conclusions: The two IOLs studied exhibited good objective and subjective results with no significant difference between the investigated groups.
A randomized phase III double-blind placebo-controlled trial of first line chemotherapy and trastuzumab with or without bevacizumab for patients with HER2/neu-positive metastatic breast cancer: a trial of the ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group (E1105)
Authors: Mezzanotte-Sharpe Jessica , ONeill Anne , Mayer Ingrid A. , Arteaga Carlos L. , Yang Ximing J , Wagner Lynne I. , Cella David , Meropol Neal J. , Alpaugh R. Katherine , Saphner Thomas J. , Swaney Robert E. , Hoelzer Karen L , Gradishar William J. , Abramson Vandana G. , Sundaram P. Kothai , Jilani Shamim Z. , Perez Edith A. , Lin Nancy U. , Jahanzeb Mohammad , Wolff Antonio C. , Sledge George W. , Reid Sonya A.
Published: April 2024

Background
In 2008, bevacizumab received accelerated Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for use in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Based on the preclinical and preliminary clinical activity of the trastuzumab and bevacizumab combination, ECOG-ACRIN E1105 trial was developed to determine if the addition of bevacizumab to a chemotherapy and trastuzumab combination for first-line therapy would improve progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with HER2-positive MBC.
Findings:
96 patients were randomized to receive standard first-line chemotherapy and trastuzumab with or without bevacizumab between November 2007 and October 2009, and 93 began protocol therapy. Induction therapy was given for 24 weeks, followed by maintenance trastuzumab with or without bevacizumab. 60% (56/93) began carboplatin and 74% (69/93) completed 6 cycles of induction therapy. Primary endpoint was PFS. Median PFS was 11.1 and 13.8 months for placebo and bevacizumab arms, respectively (hazard ratio [HR] 95%, Confidence Interval [Cl] for bevacizumab vs. placebo: 0.73 [0.43–1.23], p = 0.24), and at a median follow-up of 70.7 months, median survival was 49.1 and 63 months (HR [95% Cl] for OS: 1.09 [0.61–1.97], p = 0.75). The most common toxicities across both arms were neutropenia and hypertension, with left ventricular systolic dysfunction, fatigue, and sensory neuropathy reported more frequently with bevacizumab.
Conclusions
In this trial, the addition of bevacizumab did not improve outcomes in patients with metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer. Although the trial was underpowered due to smaller than anticipated sample size, these findings corroborated other clinical trials during this time.
Structural, optical and electrochemical performance of LiZnPO 4 nanoparticles for supercapacitor applications
Authors: Krishnamoorthy E. , Mariappan R. , Gowrisankar G. , Bakkiyaraj R.
Published: April 2024

The synthesized LiZnPO4 nanoparticles were characterized at different temperatures (500°C, 600°C, and 700°C) using various techniques including XRD, FTIR, FESEM, XPS, and electrochemical analyses. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of LiZnPO4 nanoparticles sintered at temperatures from 400 to 700°C revealed well-crystallized structures at 700°C, with preferred orientations along (202) and (020) planes. The Scherrer formula was employed to determine crystallite sizes, showing an increase from 55 nm at 400°C to 85 nm at 700°C. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed characteristic bonds within LiZnPO4, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) exhibited morphological changes with sintering temperature, emphasizing the impact on size and aggregation. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed elemental compositions and surface electronic states, respectively. Electrochemical experiments demonstrated promising performance, with cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge and discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealing reversible redox processes and good rate capability.
Predicting Risk-Coping Behaviors In the Urban Relocation Process by Online Negative Emotions：A Case from Beijing
Authors: Xie Qihui , Wu Hongyu , Zhang Ruwen
Published: April 2024

This article explores the use of online negative emotions to predict public risk-coping behaviors during urban relocation. Through a literature review, the paper proposes hypotheses that anticipate advanced prediction of public risk-coping behaviors based on online negative emotions. The study's empirical focus is on the relocation of the Beijing municipal government, utilizing Granger causality analysis on time series data. Data on online negative emotions is sourced from Sina Weibo, while risk-coping behaviors are measured through public information search behaviors and the incidence of violent crimes. The results indicated that: 1) Online negative emotions regarding the relocation policy predict public risk-coping behaviors in advance. 2) Negative comments are more effective predictors than negative feelings; 3) Negative emotions about relocation policy formulation predict risk-coping behaviors better than those related to policy effectiveness and implementation; 4) Negative emotions from individuals better predict public risk-coping behaviors than those from institutions; 5) Negative emotions from key stakeholders better predict public risk-coping behaviors than those from non-key or marginal stakeholders. This study is expected to offer valuable insights and recommendations for institutions involved in policy formulation, implementation, and evaluation.
Comparative Analysis of Functional End-to-End and End-to-Side Anastomosis in Laparoscopic Right Hemicolectomy for Colon Cancer
Authors: Kim Seijong , Huh Jung Wook , Lee Woo Yong , Yun Seong Hyeon , Kim Hee Cheol , Cho Yong Beom , Park Yoonah , Shin Jung Kyong
Published: April 2024

Purpose: Despite advancements in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy for right-sided colon cancer, the choice between functional end-to-end anastomosis (FETE) and end-to-side anastomosis (ETS) remains a topic of debate. This study aimed to compare these two techniques in terms of postoperative complications and disease-free survival.
Methods: This retrospective analysis included 1202 patients who underwent laparoscopic right hemicolectomy for non-metastatic colon cancer at Samsung Medical Center between January 2007 and February 2016. The patients were divided into FETE (n = 968) and ETS (n = 234) groups based on the anastomosis technique used. Patients’ characteristics, oncologic results, operative outcomes, and postoperative complications were analyzed.
Results: The baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups, except for a higher incidence of cancer obstruction in the ETS group (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in operation time, blood loss, length of hospital stay, time to the first meal, or time to first flatus. Anastomotic leakage rates were comparable (FETE 0.7% vs. ETS 0.4%, p = 0.999). The FETE group had a higher rate of postoperative ileus (4.4% vs. 1.3%, p = 0.022). Multivariable analysis indicated age, sex, and anastomosis type as significant predictors of postoperative ileus.
Conclusion: The study findings demonstrate that both FETE and ETS anastomosis techniques in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy are comparable in terms of operation metrics and disease-free survival. However, FETE is associated with a higher incidence of postoperative ileus. These findings can guide surgical decision-making in the treatment of right-sided colon cancer.
Epidemiological Characteristics and Risk factors of Stroke in Pregnancy and Postpartum Women in Somalia: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Sidow Nor Osman , NAKUŞ Engin , Hassan Mohamed Sheikh , Omar Abdikarin Ali
Published: April 2024

Objective
Stroke in women with pregnancies and postpartum periods has a higher level of vulnerability than in other people. The aim of this study is to provide information on the burden of stroke in pregnant women and after delivery, as well as discover the most risk factors for them causing the stroke and examine the types of stroke in Mogadishu, Somalia.
Methods
This is a retrospective study. The data was obtained from the health information system documented in the 3-year period between January 2020 and December 2022. All the women with pregnancy and seven weeks after delivery presenting with stroke clinical features in the emergency are included in this study. Patients who were admitted as neurology inpatients or ICUs were identified from the data by confirming the diagnosis with a first CT brain and an MRI brain with a venogram. The risk factor was taken from the doctors and progressive notes in the system. data was analyzed using the commonly used statistical package, SPSS version 26.0.
Results
This study included 102 pregnant and postpartum women who had acute strokes in an emergency department. 90 (88.2%) had a postpartum period, and 12 (11.8%) had a pregnancy. according to the age of the participants: 46 (45.1%) between 15 and 24 years, 32 (31.4%) between 25 and 34, and 24 (23.5%) between 15 and 24 years old. 70 (68.7%) had cerebral sinus vein thrombosis (CSVT), while 21 (20.5%) had ischemic stroke (SS), and 11 (10.8%) had hemorrhagic stroke (HS). There were no differences in the location of the infarction or hemorrhage site, and the documented clinical presentation of the stroke, but the CSVT presentation was different from the other strokes; most of them, 61.1 (88%) had a seizure with focal neurological deficit. 39 (38.2%) had superior sagittal sinus thrombosis, and 17 (16.7%) had transverse sinus thrombosis. For the risk factors of the stroke, 58 (56.9%) did not have any previous risk factors related to the stroke, 10 (9.8%) had a history of abortion, 10 (9.8%) had a history of preeclampsia and eclampsia, and 5 (4.9%) had a history of contraceptive use.
Conclusion
This study showed that the most common type of stroke in pregnant and postpartum women is cerebral sinus venous thrombosis, and the greatest risk factor is the same as pregnancy and postpartum with abortion, eclampsia, and preeclampsia. So, early recognition of these strokes in women during pregnancy and postpartum helps health professionals make early diagnoses with appropriate treatment.
Development of estimating equations for glomerular filtration rate among Southeast Chinese population
Authors: Li Xiaoyun , He QiLong , Xie Jingzhi , Chen Heng-Gui , Feng Ruimei , Wang Yuanping , Lin Qiaofen , Jiang Bingjing , Du Shanshan , Ye Weimin , Xu Yanfang
Published: April 2024

Purpose: The accuracy of newly reported estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) equations has not been evaluated among Southeast Chinese, and whether there is a better eGFR equation that could improve GFR assessment was unknown. Thus, we aimed to explore an eGFR equation with high accuracy among Southeast Chinese population.
Patients and methods: A total of 2449 Southeast Chinese participants with gold standard of measured GFR (mGFR) were enrolled. All participants were randomly divided into development and validation datasets to develop new eGFR equations by linear regression analysis. The performance of the new and reported equations was evaluated in both datasets, and subgroups with different age, sex, diabetes, and CKD status.
Results: A total of three new eGFR equations were developed, and named as SC-GFRcr, SC-CKD-EPIcr, SC-GFRcr-cys equations. The lowest bias (-0.32, 0.26 mL/min/1.73 m2) was observed for SC-GFRcr equation. The highest P30 level (79.44%, 78.45%) and lower root mean squared error (RMSE) (17.18, 17.79) were observed for SC-CKD-EPIcr equation in the development and validation datasets. The correlation coefficients between the new equations and mGFR were all >0.7, the sensitivity of SC-CKD-EPIcr equation was as high as 76.33%. Meanwhile, four previously reported equations were selected and compared with the 3 new equations. In the development and validation datasets, and subgroup analyses, newly developed SC-CKD-EPIcr equation performed superior than others, and eGFRcr was best among all previously reported equations.
Conclusions: The new-developed eGFR equation, SC-CKD-EPIcr, could improve GFR assessment, especially in Southeast China. Still, external validation of the equation is needed.
Achieving High Success in Fall Detection through Cross-Brand Inertial Sensor Utilization of Hybrid Data in Machine Learning
Authors: BUZPINAR Mehmet Akif
Published: April 2024

Falls can result in severe injuries and even mortality among individuals of all age groups. Hence, numerous wearable sensor-based fall monitoring systems are being developed to provide assistance. Fall detection and activity tracking have been partially successful using smartwatches, smartphones, and specialized devices. However, a comprehensive solution that combines sensor data from different brands in a single model and performs fall detection with high accuracy and at a satisfactory level has not been encountered. This study aims to bridge this research gap by combining data from two different brands of IMUs (inertial measurement units) that incorporate accelerometers, magnetometers, and gyroscopes, in order to create a hybrid dataset. To achieve accurate predictions on data from both brands, machine learning (ML) models were trained using ML algorithms. The first dataset was obtained from 14 volunteers using a commercially available activity tracking system called Motion Trackers Wireless (MTw). The second dataset was collected from 30 volunteers using a custom-designed Activity Tracking Device (ATD) specifically developed for detecting falls and daily-life activities. In both cases, the sensors from the respective brands were positioned on the waist to capture data related to falls and daily-life activities. The data was organized using a time-series style to reveal relational effect of the sequential falling data. During the modelling, ten different classifiers trained, and classification was performed on unseen data using the data splitting method. The Extra Tree algorithm emerged as the most successful model, achieving an accuracy of 99.54%, precision of 99.18%, recall of 99.79%, and an F-score of 99.49% on the hybrid dataset constructed from the MTw and ATD datasets. This study demonstrates hybrid dataset to create a successful system with high accuracy and low false alarm rates using inertial sensor data from various brands.
Re-Imagining Additive Manufacturing through Multi-Material Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Griffis Jacklyn , Shahed Kazi , Meinert Kenneth , Yilmaz Buket , Lear Matthew , Manogharan Guha
Published: April 2024

Multi-Material Laser Powder Bed Fusion (MM-LPBF) offers a novel approach for fabricating high-resolution components with both spatially tailored material properties and design by capitalizing on selective powder deposition (SPD) in conventional laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) processing. Advancements in multi-material additive manufacturing (AM), specifically MM-LPBF is now presenting a unique opportunity to reimagine additive manufacturing as we know today in terms of the local material assignment, AM-processing induced properties and design complexity which can help achieve functional requirements across multiple length scales.
In this study, new MM-LPBF capability to manufacture a sheet-based gyroid structure composed of 904L stainless steel and bronze (CuSn10) is studied for unique MM-LPBF signatures (e.g., melt pool characteristics, grain morphology and mechanical properties via intermittent micro-CT during flexural testing). The fracture mechanics of complex multi-material structures is investigated through multi-scale domain techniques, including mechanical testing (supported by digital image correlation (DIC), finite element analysis (FEA), and intermittent micro-CT), microstructural and morphological characterization of the bimaterial interface. This study analyzes the contribution of factors such as thermomechanical material compatibility, process-induced defects, cracking, porosity, and microstructure to determine the ultimate origin of failure and propagation patterns. Interface formation mechanisms are explored to elucidate process-structure-property framework for MM-LPBF. Findings from this study clearly demonstrate both the opportunity of MM-LPBF and current technological challenges to further advance the adoption of MM-LPF for a wide range of applications such as thermo-fluidic surfaces, solid-state energy storage, and biodegradable implants, among others.
Ultrasonographic Detection of Sarcopenia in Patients With Long-Term Gastrectomy: A Study by Using ISarcoPRM Algorithm
Authors: Sezer Semih , Demirci Selim , Kara Özgür , Kara Murat
Published: April 2024

Purpose
To date, the assessment of sarcopenia, which is an important indicator of quality of life in gastrectomy patients, has been performed by calculating total or appendicular skeletal muscle mass. However, as the anterior thigh (i.e. quadriceps) muscle is affected more commonly/earlier with aging and diseases, we used quadriceps muscle thickness measured by ultrasound (US) in determining regional muscle mass. In our study, we aimed to detect sarcopenia in gastrectomy patients more accurately and practically using the ISarcoPRM algorithm.
Methods
In this cross-sectional case-control study, patients who underwent total gastrectomy (N=20), distal gastrectomy (N=30), and those without gastrectomy (N=54) were included. The sonographic thickness of anterior thigh muscle adjusted by body mass index (STAR) was used. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the ISarcoPRM algorithm using low grip strength (<19 kg for females and <32 kg for males) and/or prolonged CST duration (≥12 seconds) with low STAR values (<1 for females and <1.4 for males).
Results
The males who underwent total gastrectomy had the lowest body mass index, quadriceps muscle thickness, and hand grip strength values among the groups (all p<0.05). According to binary logistic regression analysis in males, only total gastrectomy [OR=6.961 (95% CI: 1.342-36.092)] was independently associated with the development of sarcopenia (p<0.05).
Conclusion
By using a novel (ISarcoPRM) algorithm, we found that total (but not distal) gastrectomy seemed to be independently related to sarcopenia (about 7 times higher). We believe that sarcopenia evaluation in gastrectomy patients should be performed with US in terms of its low cost and ease of application.
Rotifer Detection and Tracking Framework Using Deep Learning for Automatic Culture Systems
Authors: Ienaga Naoto , Takashi Toshinori , Tamamizu Hitoko , Terayama Kei
Published: April 2024

Although rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis sp. complex) are a very important first feed source in marine fish aquaculture, the managementof rotifers is quite time consuming because their population and movements need to be monitored on a daily basis. This management is still performed manually, and automation is required. If we could make good use of recent breakthroughs in deep learning, the automation of a rotifer culture system could be realized. We propose a deep learning framework for detecting and tracking rotifers as a basis for such automation and carefully verified its accuracy. Experimental results show that a mean average precision of 88.5% was achieved for detection and a higher order tracking accuracy of 88.7% was achieved for tracking, indicating the suitability of deep learning methods for predicting the state of rotifers. In addition, this research will contribute to the development of the field by releasing the trained model and code for visualizing the tracking results as well as an annotated dataset with over 30K instances.
A longitudinal study examining PTSD and other mental health problems in NHS workers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Celik Filiz , Davies-Thompson Jodie , Quigley Martyn , Reppa Irene
Published: April 2024

A cross-sectional longitudinal study was conducted to examine the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the mental health of NHS medical staff, and its relationship with levels of social support received, and levels of Covid-19 related worries. Participants were contacted via Health Boards and Royal Colleges in England and Wales. 476 participants completed the study in Wave 1 and 129 of those completed the same survey in Wave 2 a year later. Participants completed the Crisis Support Scale, a Covid-19 Anxieties Questionnaire, the DASS-21, and the PTSD checklist. First, high levels of support during the pandemic, were associated with lower levels of depression, anxiety, stress, and PTSD. Second, high levels on the Covid-19 Anxieties Questionnaire were associated with high levels of Common Mental health Difficulties (CMDs) and PTSD scores during both waves. Third, social support led to lower Covid-19 health worries scores in Wave 1. Finally, scores on the Covid-19 anxieties questionnaire significantly reduced 12 months into the pandemic, while effects on mental health did not. Social support during the crisis can reduce anxieties about the crisis and self-reported levels of CMDs and PTSD. Even when anxieties relating to the pandemic eased, the prevalence of CMDs and PTSD were long-lasting.
Leveraging Machine Learning for Soil Fertility Prediction and Crop Management in Agriculture
Authors: Asif Mohammad , Wahid Abdul
Published: April 2024

This study investigates how machine learning (ML) algorithms can be used in agriculture to forecast soil fertility and maximize crop yield. Machine learning (ML) models are created to predict soil nutrient levels, pH, and organic matter content across a range of geographical locations and land-use types with high accuracy by evaluating large datasets that include soil samples, environmental conditions, and agronomic methods. The research shows the advantages of nonlinear modeling approaches in capturing complex interactions inherent in agricultural systems through a comprehensive evaluation of several machine learning techniques, including ensemble methods like AdaBoost and Extra Tree Classifier. Furthermore, immediate insights and recommendations for improving agronomic decisions are made possible by the integration of real-time sensing technologies, such as proximate sensing, distant sensing, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Overall, this work highlights how machine learning (ML) can completely change crop management techniques and soil fertility prediction, enabling a more resilient and sustainable agriculture sector.
Semiparametric efficient estimation of genetic relatedness with machine learning methods
Authors: Guo Xu , Qian Yiyuan , Shi Hongwei , Yang Weichao , Zhou Niwen
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we propose semiparametric efficient estimators of genetic related-ness between two traits in a model-free framework. Most existing methods require specifying certain parametric models involving the traits and genetic variants. However, the bias due to model misspecification may yield misleading statistical results. Moreover, the semiparametric efficient bounds for estimators of genetic relatedness are still lacking. In this paper, we develop semiparametric efficient estimators with machine learning methods and construct valid confidence intervals for two important measures of genetic relatedness: genetic covariance and genetic correlation, allowing both continuous and discrete responses. Based on the derived efficient influence functions of genetic relatedness, we propose a consistent estimator of the genetic covariance as long as one of the genetic values is consistently estimated. The data of two traits may be collected from the same group or different groups of individuals. To validate our approach, we conduct various numerical studies to illustrate the introduced estimation procedures. Additionally , we apply our proposed methodologies to analyze data from the Carworth Farms White mice genome-wide association study.
Hydraulics of time-variable water surface slope in rivers observed by satellite altimetry
Authors: Bauer-Gottwein Peter , Christoffersen Linda , Musaeus Aske , Frias Monica Coppo , Nielsen Karina
Published: April 2024

The ICESat-2 and SWOT satellite earth observation missions provide highly accurate water surface slope (WSS) observations in global rivers for the first time. While water surface slope is expected to remain constant in time for approximately uniform flow conditions, we observe time varying water surface slope in many river reaches around the globe in the ICESat-2 record. Here, we investigate the causes of time variability of WSS using simplified river hydraulic models based on the theory of steady, gradually varied flow. We identify bed slope or cross section shape changes, river confluences, flood waves and backwater effects from lakes, reservoirs, or the ocean as the main hydraulic phenomena causing time changes of WSS in rivers. We illustrate these phenomena at selected prototypical river sites around the world. These sites show that WSS observations can provide new insights into river hydraulics and can enable estimation of river discharge from water level observations at sites with complex hydraulic characteristics.
The global biogeography of coastal oceanographic connectivity
Authors: Fragkopoulou Eliza , Legrand Térence , González-Trujillo Juan David , Assis Jorge
Published: April 2024

A better understanding of the extent to which coastal species passively disperse and establish connections across seascapes is instrumental for marine conservation and management, as well as biogeography and climate change research. This understanding is particularly relevant for projecting the dynamics of species' geographical ranges. However, a comprehensive perspective on the elemental structures and patterns of species connectivity along coastlines is currently lacking. To address this gap, we present a mechanistic biophysical approach designed to reveal communities in connectivity networks for a broad spectrum of taxonomic groups, including fishes, corals, molluscs, crustaceans, macroalgae, seagrasses, and mangroves on a global scale. This approach is grounded by 21 years of ocean current data and tuned by empirical information on species dispersal capacity, with kernels spanning from local to long-distance dispersal events. We delineate well-connected communities as distinct oceanographic units, explaining observed community composition derived from species range maps (approximately 4,000 species globally). We identify the location of connectivity barriers and the directional putative connectivity pathways at the global scale, revealing a global network between oceanographic units for each taxonomic group under consideration. By expanding connectivity analysis to the biogeographic scale, our findings establish baselines to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms controlling species dispersal and ongoing range shifts due to climate change. Additionally, they provide standards for the development of effective conservation and management spatial strategies for marine coastal species.
Exploring Exploitative Practices in Overseas Labour Migration: A Qualitative Case Study of Bangladeshi Male Migrant Experiences and Policy Implications
Authors: Mia Md. Sakib , Alam Morshed , Islam Md. Jahidul
Published: April 2024

Migration is the transfer of individuals from one country or region to another. This study aims to provide significant insights into the dynamics of overseas male labour migration from Bangladesh and offer policy recommendations to preserve the rights and well-being of migrants. This qualitative study employed a multi-method approach to explore the exploitative practices experienced by Bangladeshi migrants facilitated by brokers during the overseas migration process. The research utilized a combination of in-depth case studies and a Phenomenological approach to gather comprehensive data on the subject matter. This research is consistent with prior studies on exploitative practices in labor migration, emphasizing the widespread occurrence of deceitful commitments, financial exploitation, and a lack of openness on the part of intermediaries. The results of this study indicate a requirement for comprehensive interventions to tackle the problem of exploitation in Bangladeshi male labour migration abroad.
Downscaled gridded global dataset for Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita PPP over 1990-2022
Authors: Kummu Matti , Kosonen Maria , Sayyar Sina Masoumzadeh
Published: April 2024

We present a comprehensive gridded GDP per capita dataset downscaled to the Admin 2 level (43,501 units) covering 1990–2022. It updates existing outdated datasets, which use reported subnational data only up to 2010. Our dataset, based on reported subnational GDP per capita data from 89 countries and 2,708 units, employed various novel methods for extrapolation and downscaling. Downscaling with machine learning algorithms showed high performance (R2 = 0.73 for test, R2 = 0.86 for entire dataset) and accuracy against reported datasets (Pearson R = 0.88). The dataset includes reported and downscaled annual data for three administrative levels—0 (national; 237 units), 1 (provincial), and 2 (municipality)—in polygon and 5 arc-min resolution raster formats. The dataset has a higher spatial resolution and wider temporal range than the existing data. We also provide total GDP by combining GDP per capita with population count. This new dataset can contribute to global or regional spatial analyses such as socioenvironmental modelling and economic resilience evaluation. The data are available in http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10976734.
Exploring the Impact of Organic-Inorganic Coupling on Nutrient Use Efficiency and Cane Yield in Calcareous Soils of the Indo-Gangetic Plains of India
Authors: Kumar Ajeet , Sinha S.K. , Kumar Brajesh , Kumari Amrita
Published: April 2024

Improving nutrient use efficiency beyond its typical ceiling of 50% is imperative for enhancing sugarcane production and juice quality, while concurrently reducing reliance on synthetic fertilizers and mitigating environmental impact. To address this challenge, a field experiment was conducted during the year 2021–2022 at the Kalyanpur research farm of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of integrated nutrient management on sugarcane yield and nutrient utilization efficiency in spring-planted crops. Employing the randomized block design with three replications, the experiment utilized the sugarcane variety CoP-112. Although various treatments exhibited no significant influence on parameters such as germination percentage, plant height, cane length, diameter and individual cane weight, the combination of the recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) with vermicompost and biofertilizer (Azotobacter + PSB) at a rate of 4 kg/ha resulted in the highest millable cane (125.4×103/ha) and cane yield (94.0 t/ha). This combination led to an increase of 78% and 24% over the sole prescribed dose of fertilizer and the absolute control, respectively. No substantial differences were observed in juice quality among treatments. The maximum agronomic use efficiency was achieved in plots treated with RDF + vermicompost + Azotobacter + PSB, exhibiting a 75% improvement over plots receiving only the recommended dose of fertilizer. The findings underscore the efficacy of integrated nutrient management as the optimal approach for fostering sustainable sugarcane production.
Can Foot Orthoses Benefit Symptomatic Runners? Mechanistic and Clinical Insights Through a Scoping Review
Authors: Duchetto Francis Del , Picard Cloé Dussault , Gagnon Martine , Dixon Philippe , Cherni Yosra
Published: April 2024

Background
Running is a widely practiced sport worldwide associated with a host of benefits on cardiovascular, metabolic, musculoskeletal, and mental health, but often leads to musculoskeletal overuse injuries. The prescription of a foot orthosis (FO) is common to manage musculoskeletal impairments during physical activity or functional tasks. Although FOs are frequently prescribed by clinicians for symptomatic populations of runners, the existing literature supporting the prescription of FOs in runners has predominantly focused on either uninjured individual or a mix of uninjured and symptomatic populations. Thus, the effects of FOs on the treatment and/or prevention of overuse running injuries need to be investigated to guide future research and assist clinicians in their decision-making process.
Objectives
This scoping review aimed to evaluate the immediate and long-term effects of FOs on lower limb biomechanics, neuromuscular parameters, and pain and disability in symptomatic runners, and to identify factors that may influence the effects of FOs.
Results
Five databases (CINAHL, SportDiscus, MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science) were searched, resulting in 2536 studies. A total of 30 studies, published between 1992 and 2023 (730 symptomatic runners) was included following the removal of duplicates and the screening process. Wearing FOs while running is related to an immediate and a long term decrease in pain and symptoms of overuse running injuries. Also, wearing FOs while running controls eversion at the foot/ankle complex, leads to a more lateral plantar pressure at the heel and forefoot, and may change running motor control strategies. Finally, the effectiveness of FOs is influenced by its corrective elements.
Conclusion
This study provides recommendations for future research such as the need for standardized methods in describing FOs, considering participant characteristics such as foot morphology, and comparing different types of FOs. Also, this scoping review provides valuable insights for guiding the prescription and design of FOs, and suggests that integrating FOs into a comprehensive treatment plan may yield better results than standalone first-line treatments. Nonetheless, this scoping review highlights the need for future research to explore the optimal integration of FOs into injury-specific treatment plans.
Cryo-TEM structure of β-glucocerebrosidase in complex with its transporter LIMP-2
Authors: Dobert Jan Philipp , Schäfer Jan-Hannes , Maso Thomas Dal , Socher Eileen , Versées Wim , Moeller Arne , Zunke Friederike , Arnold Philipp
Published: April 2024

Nearly all lysosomal enzymes reach the lysosome via the mannose-6-phosphate receptor pathway. One of the few known exceptions is the enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase) that requires the lysosomal integral membrane protein type-2 (LIMP-2) as a proprietary lysosomal transporter. Genetic variations in the GCase encoding gene GBA1 are the cause of Gaucher’s disease (GD) and the highest genetic risk factor for developing Parkinson’s disease (PD). Activators targeting GCase have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of both GD and PD, with pre-clinical and clinical trials ongoing. In this study, we resolved the complex of GCase and LIMP-2 to 3.6 Å using cryo-electron microscopy with the aid of an engineered LIMP-2 shuttle and two GCase-targeted pro-macrobodies. We identified helix 5 and helix 7 of LIMP-2 to interact with a binding pocket in GCase, forming a mostly hydrophobic interaction interface. Understanding the interplay of GCase and LIMP-2 on a structural level is crucial for identifying potential activation sites and conceptualizing novel therapeutic approaches targeting GCase. Here, we unveil the protein structure of a mannose-6-phosphate-independent lysosomal transporting complex and provide fundamental knowledge for translational clinical research to overcome GD and PD.