bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Essential Oil of Thymus Aureopunctatus (Beck) K. Malý
Authors: Ćavar Sanja , Maksimović Milka , Vidic Danijela
Published: March 2019

Essential oil of Thymus aureopunctatus (Beck) K. Malý, obtained by hydrodistillation and headspace technique, was subjected to capillary GC-MS analysis, and its volatile composition was compared with essential oil profile of Thymus serpyllum L. and a botanically undetermined thyme species, Thymus spp., all growing wild in the same habitat in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This paper presents the first report on phytochemical analysis of the rare T. aureopunctatus species, and also the first report on headspace analysis of plants belonging to the genus Thymus. One hundred and two volatile constituents were identified. The investigated Thymus species of Bosnian origin clearly belong to the thymol-chemotype with relatively abundant level of this main constituent varying from 30.5% for T. serpyllum, and 34.5% for T. aureopunctatus, to 44.2% for Thymus spp., while their corresponding headspace samples contain very high percentage of p-cymene, thymol biosynthesis precursor, in the range from 29.1% to 68.1%.
Essential Oil Constituents of Eclipta Prostrata (L.) L. and Vernonia amygdalina Delile
Authors: Ogunbinu Akinola O. , Flamini Guido , Cioni Pier L. , Ogunwande Isiaka A. , Okeniyi Sunday O.
Published: March 2019

The chemical composition of the essential oils from the leaves and stem bark of Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. and the aerial parts of Vernonia amygdalina Delile (Asteraceae) have been analyzed by capillary gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The investigation led to the identification of 33 and 30 compounds in the oils of the leaves and stem of E. prostrate, respectively, and 40 compounds in the oil of V. amygdalina. While the oil of the leaves of E. prostrata was highly dominated by sesquiterpenoids (89.3%), the stem bark was comprised of sesquiteprenoids (47.7%), straight chain hydrocarbons (25.6%) and monoterpenoids (11.1%). The main constituents of both oils were β-caryophyllene (47.7% and 15.9%) and α-humulene (31.8 and 12.9%) in the leaves and stem, respectively. In addition, ( E)-β-farnesene (10.0%) was also identified in significant amount in the stem bark. On the other hand, the major component of V. amygdalina oil was α-muurolol (45.7%).
The Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids of the Genus Silphium and Their Chemosystematic Value
Authors: Williams Jeffrey D. , Wojcińska Małtgorzata , Calabria Lalita M. , Linse Klaus , Clevinger Jennifer A. , Mabry Tom J.
Published: March 2019

The current review outlines the distribution of flavonoids and phenolic acids in eleven species of Silphium (Asteraceae). The chemosystematic significance of these findings is discussed and compared with DNA and morphological-based assignments for eleven species. Special attention is given to the five flavonol triglycosides that were previously isolated and characterized from Silphium species: isorhamnetin 3- O-α-L-rhamnosyl (1″′→6″)- O-β-D-galactopyranoside 7- O-β-L-apiofuranoside (1), quercetin 3- O-α-L-rhamnosyl (1″′→6″)- O-β-D-galactopyranoside 7- O-β-L-apiofuranoside (2), quercetin 3- O-β-L-galactosyl (1″′→6″)- O-β-D-rhamnopyranoside 7- O-α-L-apiofuranoside (3), kaempferol 3- O-β-D-apiofuranoside 7- O-αL-rhamnosyl (1″″→6″′)- O-β-D-galactopyranoside (4) and kaempferol 3- O-β-D-apiofuranoside 7- O-α-L-rhamnosyl (1″″→6″′)- O-βD (2″′- O- E-caffeoylgalactopyranoside) (5). In addition, several other known mono and diglycosidic flavonoids, along with 18 phenolic acids, were also identified and the structures of all of the compounds were established by LC/MS and NMR spectral investigations.
Solvent Derived Artifacts in Natural Products Chemistry
Authors: Maltese Federica , van der Kooy Frank , Verpoorte Robert
Published: March 2019

Solvents play an important and critical role in natural product chemistry. They are mainly used during the extraction and purification of metabolites from a biological matrix. To a lesser extent, solvents are also used as reagents or catalysts to perform chemical reactions. This review focuses on the most important classes of solvents, including alcohols, halogen-containing solvents, esters, ethers, acids and bases. The chemical reactions associated with the use of these solvents to form the so-called “artifacts” are discussed and the most common contaminants found in these solvents are also reviewed. The formation of artifacts and the use of contaminated solvents mainly leads to the formation of new compounds, loss of activity of active compounds, formation of active compounds from inactive ones (false positives), loss in total yield of important compounds during isolation, formation of toxic compounds and difficulty in reproducing an extraction or purification method. Finally, the need for stability studies of purified natural products is emphasized, as this is a common overlooked aspect in natural product chemistry.
Three Novel Sesquiterpene Esters from Celastrus Angulatus
Authors: Wei Shaopeng , Wang Mingan , Zhang Jiwen , Qian Yong , Ji Zhiqin , Wu Wenjun
Published: March 2019

Three new sesquiterpene polyol esters with a β-dihydroagarofuran skeleton, NW12 (1), NW27 (2), and NW31 (4), together with a known compound, NW30 (3), were isolated from the root bark of Celastrus angulatus. Their chemical structures were elucidated by analyses of MS and NMR spectral data. Preliminary insecticidal and antitumor activities of these compounds were evaluated. Compounds 1-4 showed moderate stomach toxicity against Mythimna separata, and their KD50 values were 673.6, 1121.3, 1720.0 and 548.6 μg/g, respectively. Only 1 and 3 exhibited slight antitumor activity against human breast cancer cell line (Bcap-37), and their IC50 values were all above 50 μM.
Sesquiterpenes with Quinone Reductase-Inducing Activity from Liriodendron Chinense
Authors: Dong Ying , Liang Dong , Huang Jianjin , Zhang Peng
Published: March 2019

Bioassay-directed separation of the methylene chloride extracts from the wood of Liriodendron chinense led to the isolation of six sesquiterpenes, tulipinolide (1), α-liriodenolide (2), β-liriodenolide (3), lipiferolide (4), 11,13-dehydrolanuginolide (5), and tulipinolide diepoxide (6). Compounds 1-6 have not been found previously in L. chinense. The structures of the compounds were established on the basis of NMR spectroscopic data. All the compounds exhibited quinone reductase (QR)- inducing activity in Hepa lclc7 cells.
Cycloartane-type Glycosides from Two Species of Astragalus (Fabaceae)
Authors: Linnek Jens , Mitaine-Offer Anne-Claire , Miyamoto Tomofumi , Duchamp Olivier , Mirjolet Jean-François , Lacaille-Dubois Marie-Aleth
Published: March 2019

Three known cycloartane-type glycosides were isolated from the roots of two different species of Astragalus, A. glycyphyllos, A. sempervirens. The identification of these compounds were mainly achieved by 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques and FAB-MS. The results of our studies confirm that triterpene saponins from the cycloartane-type skeleton might be chemotaxonomically significant to the genus Astragalus.
Structure Activity Studies on the Crinane Alkaloid Apoptosis-inducing Pharmacophore
Authors: McNulty James , Nair Jerald J. , Bastida Jaume , Pandey Siyaram , Griffin Carly
Published: March 2019

The apoptosis-inducing ability of α-ethano bridged crinane alkaloids was investigated using natural and semi-synthetic derivatives uncovering novel structural requirements of this cytotoxic pharmacophore. An α-ethano bridge is required; an α- or ß-methoxy or hydroxyl H-bond acceptor are all tolerated at C-3; a small substituent (H, or OH) alone is tolerated at C-11; and a C-1 to C-2 double bond is shown to modulate, but is not a requirement for, apoptosis-inducing activity.
A New Pyranone Derivative from the Leaves of Livistona Australis
Authors: El-Desouky Samy K. , Kassem Mona E. S. , Fifi Zarag I. A. Al , El-Deen Amira M. Gamal
Published: March 2019

A new pyranone derivative, 3-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (1), was isolated from the leaves of Livistona australis. The structure was determined by NMR spectral analysis.
Isolation, Structure Elucidation and Apoptosis-inducing Activity of New Compounds from the Edible Fungus Lentinus Striguellus
Authors: Zheng Yongbiao , Zhao Baobing , Lu Chunhua , Lin Xinjian , Zheng Zhonghui , Su Wenjin
Published: March 2019

Three new natural compounds, striguellolide A (1), striguellol A (2) and striguellone A (6), together with three known ones, 3,4- trans-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2,2-dimethylchroman (3), 3-hydroxy-6- methoxy-2,2-dimethylchroman-4-one (4) and 3-hydroxy-6- methoxy-2,2-dimethylchroman (5), were isolated from the agar cultures of the edible fungal strain Lentinus striguellus. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses, including 1D-, 2D-NMR and HR-ESI-Q-TOF-MS, and chemical reactions. Striguellone A showed cytotoxicity against HeLa cells by MTT assay and was found to be an activator of apoptosis, assessed by morphological observation and cell cycle analysis using the flow cytometer.
Antioxidant and Larvicidal Activities of Tephrosia Egregia Sandw against Aedes Aegypti
Authors: Arriaga Ângela M. C. , Lima Jefferson Q. , Vasconcelos Jackson N. E , de Oliveira Maria C. F. , Lemos Telma L. G. , Fonseca Aluisio M. , Malcher Grazielle T. , Santiago Gilvandete M. P. , Mafezoli J. , Braz-Filho Raimundo
Published: March 2019

The antioxidant and larvicidal activities of Tephrosia egregia extracts and its major component, dehydrorotenone, were studied. High antioxidant activity was found for dehydrorotenone and methanol and ethyl acetate extracts from roots and stems, respectively. Among the tested extracts, the hexane extract from stems showed potent larvicidal activity (LC50 12.88 ± 0.64) while low activity was found for dehydrorotenone.
Structural Characterization of Dietary Fiber of Green Chalcumra (Benincasa Hispida) Fruit by NMR Spectroscopic Analysis
Authors: Das Debsankar , Mondal Subhas , Maiti Debabrata , Roy Sadhan K. , Islam Syed S.
Published: March 2019

A water-soluble dietary fiber was isolated from the hot aqueous extract of Chalcumra ( Benincasa hispida) fruit. The polysaccharide was found to contain D-galactose and D-methyl galacturonate in a molar ratio of 2:1. On the basis of acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, and NMR spectroscopic studies (1H, 13C, TOCSY, DQF-COSY, NOESY, ROESY, HMQC, and HMBC), the repeating unit of the polysaccharide was established as →4)-β-D-Gal p-(1→4)-β-D-Gal p-(1→2)-α-D-Gal pA6Me-(1→.
A Protein Containing Glucan from an Edible Mushroom, Termitomyces Microcarpus (var)
Authors: Chandra Krishnendu , Ghosh Kaushik , Ojha Arnab K. , Islam Syed S.
Published: March 2019

A water-soluble protein containing glucan was isolated from an edible mushroom, Termitomyces microcarpus (var). It was found to contain 55% of carbohydrate and 40% of protein. The protein part was found to consist of glutamine, arginine, isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine. The structure of the glucan was analyzed on the basis of total acid hydrolysis, methylation, periodate oxidation and NMR studies (1H, 13C, TOCSY, DQF-COSY, NOESY, and HMQC), and the repeating unit of the glucan is established as: → 6)-α-D-Glc p-(1→
The Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils of Euphorbia caracasana and E. Cotinifolia (Euphorbiaceae) from Venezuela
Authors: Rojas Janne , Baldovino Shirley , Vizcaya Marietta , Rojas Luis B. , Morales Antonio
Published: March 2019

The essential oils from leaves of E. caracasana Boiss collected from Miyoi, Pueblo Llano, Mérida State at 1800 m above sea level and leaves of E. cotinifolia L collected from Manzano Alto-Ejido, Mérida State at 1520 m were analyzed by GC/MS. β-Caryophyllene (33.7 %), α-humulene (18.8 %) and aromadendrene (8.4 %) were the major constituents of E. caracasana oil, whereas those of E. cotinifolia oil were β-caryophyllene (39.3 %), germacrene-D (21.5 %) and α-copaene (9.3 %).
Constituents of Cajanus Cajan (L.) Millsp., Moringa Oleifera Lam., Heliotropium Indicum L. and Bidens Pilosa L. from Nigeria
Authors: Ogunbinu Akinola O. , Flamini Guido , Cioni Pier L. , Adebayo Muritala A. , Ogunwande Isiaka A.
Published: March 2019

The essential oils of four plant species from Nigeria have been extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The oils of Cajanus cajan were comprised of sesquiterpenes (92.5%, 81.2% and 94.3% respectively in the leaves, stem and seeds). The major compounds identified were α-himachalene (9.0-11.5%), β-himachalene (8.0-11.0%), γ-himachalene (6.9-8.1%), α-humulene (7.1-8.7%) and α-copaene (4.5-5.6%). However, monoterpenoid compounds (81.8%) dominated the oil of Moringa oleifera with an abundance of α-phellandrene (25.2%) and p-cymene (24.9%). On the other hand, aldehydes (52.8%) occurred in the highest amount in Heliotropium indicum, represented by phenylacetaldehyde (22.2%), ( E)-2-nonenal (8.3%) and (E, Z)-2-nonadienal (6.1%), with a significant quantity of hexahydrofarnesylacetone (8.4%). The leaf and stem oils of Bidens pilosa were dominated by sesquiterpenes (82.3% and 59.3%, respectively). The main compounds in the leaf oil were caryophyllene oxide (37.0%), β-caryophyllene (10.5%) and humulene oxide (6.0%), while the stem oils had an abundance of hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (13.4%), δ-cadinene (12.0%) and caryophyllene oxide (11.0%). The observed chemical patterns differ considerably from previous investigations.
Antimicrobial Activity and Chemical Composition of Senecio Sandrasicus on Antibiotic Resistant Staphylococci
Authors: Ugur Aysel , Sarac Nurdan , Duru M. Emin
Published: March 2019

The antimicrobial activity of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of the aerial parts of S. sandrasicus P.H. Davis ( Asteraceae), endemic to Sandras mountain (Turkey), were determined. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts on microorganisms including multi-resistant staphylococci were evaluated using the disc diffusion method. The strains of multi-resistant staphylococci and the other standart bacteria were inhibited by some extracts. The volatile organic compouds of S. sandrasicus was determined by Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The major compounds of hexane extract were aromadendrene oxide 2 (13.3%), spathulenol (12.5%) and β-caryophylene (11.8%), respectively.
Apple-Products Phytochemicals and Processing: A Review
Authors: Soler Carla , Soriano José M. , Mañes Jordi
Published: March 2019

Epidemiological studies have linked the consumption of apples with reduced risk of some cancers, cardiovascular disease, asthma, and diabetes. Extensive research exists on apples and the health benefits of their beverages and phytochemicals. The purpose of this paper is to review the most recent literature in this area focusing on phytochemicals, phytochemical bioavailability and antioxidant behavior.
Impact of High-Intensity Pulsed Electric Fields on Bioactive Compounds in Mediterranean Plant-based Foods
Authors: Elez-Martínez Pedro , Soliva-Fortuny Robert , Martín-Belloso Olga
Published: March 2019

Novel nonthermal processing technologies such as high-intensity pulsed electric field (HIPEF) treatments may be applied to pasteurize plant-based liquid foods as an alternative to conventional heat treatments. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in HIPEF as a way of preserving and extending the shelf-life of liquid products without the quality damage caused by heat treatments. However, less attention has been paid to the effects of HIPEF on minor constituents of these products, namely bioactive compounds. This review is a state-of–the-art update on the effects of HIPEF treatments on health-related compounds in plants of the Mediterranean diet such as fruit juices, and Spanish gazpacho. The relevance of HIPEF-processing parameters on retaining plant-based bioactive compounds will be discussed.
Asiatic Acid Derivatives Protect Primary Cultures of Rat Hepatocytes against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Injury via the Cellular Antioxidant System
Authors: Lee Mi Kyeong , Kim Seung Hyun , Yang Hyekyung , Lim Doo-Yeon , Ryu Je-Ho , Lee Eung Seok , Jew Sang-Sup , Park Hyeung-Guen , Sung Sang Hyun , Kim Young Choong
Published: March 2019

We attempted to elucidate the hepatoprotective mechanism of two asiatic acid (AS) derivatives, 3β,23-dihydroxyurs-2-oxo-12-ene-28-oic acid (AS-10) and 3β,23-dihydroxyurs-12-ene-28-oic acid (AS-14), which exhibited significant protective activity against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Our findings showed that AS-10 and AS-14 preserved the level of glutathione and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase. In addition, these compounds ameliorated lipid peroxidation, as demonstrated by a reduction in the production of malondialdehyde. Furthermore, AS-10 and AS-14 did not restore the reduced total GSH level by BSO, indicating that the hepatoprotective activities of these compounds may be involved, in part, by regulating GSH synthesis. From these results, we suggest that both AS-10 and AS-14 exerted their hepatoprotective activities against CCl4-induced injury by preserving the cellular antioxidative defense system.
A Minor, Sweet Cucurbitane Glycoside from Siraitia Grosvenorii
Authors: Jia Zhonghua , Yang Xiaogen
Published: March 2019

A minor, sweet cucurbitane-glycoside, named iso-mogroside V (1), was isolated from Luo Han Guo ( Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) C. Jeffery) along with five previously reported mogrosides. The structure of iso-mogroside V, 3-[(4- O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-mogrol-24- O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)- O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)]β-D-glucopyranoside, was established on the basis of extensive 2D-NMR (COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC, and HMBC) and LC-MS analyses. The five known mogrosides were identified as mogroside V (2), 11-oxo-mogroside V (3), siamenoside I (4), mogrosides IVa (5) and IVe (6). Iso-mogroside V was determined to be approximately 500 times sweeter than 0.5% (w/v) sucrose.
Antimicrobial, Antiparasitic and Cytotoxic Spermine Alkaloids from Albizia Schimperiana
Authors: Samoylenko Volodymyr , Jacob Melissa R. , Khan Shabana I. , Zhao Jianping , Tekwani Babu L. , Midiwo Jacob O. , Walker Larry A. , Muhammad Ilias
Published: March 2019

Albizia schimperiana Oliv. (Leguminosae) is a tree distributed in the highland of Kenya, where it is used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of bacterial and parasitic infections, notably pneumonia and malaria, respectively. Bioassay guided isolation of the CH2Cl2–MeOH 1:1/ MeOH-H2O 9:1 (mixed) extract of A. schimperiana afforded the new bioactive macrocyclic spermine alkaloid, namely 5, 14-dimethylbudmunchiamine L1 (1) and three known budmunchiamine analogs 2-4. The structures of the compounds 1-4 were determined by 1D and 2D NMR data, including COSY, HMQC, and HMBC experiments, and ESI-HRMS. Compounds 1 and 3 exhibited significant in vitro antimicrobial activity against a panel of microorganisms, including C. neoformans, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, E. coli, M. intracellulare, and A. fumigatus. In addition, they demonstrated strong in vitro antimalarial activities against chloroquine-susceptible (D6) and -resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum with IC50s ranging from 120-270 ng/mL. Compounds 1-4 were also evaluated for cytotoxic activity against selected human cancer cell lines and mammalian kidney fibroblasts (VERO cells). It was observed that hydroxyl substitution of the side chain of the budmunchiamines dramatically reduced the cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of the alkaloids 2 and 4 without decreasing antimalarial activity.
Simultaneous Determination of Oxyresveratrol and Resveratrol in Rat Bile and Urine by HPLC after Oral Administration of Smilax china Extract
Authors: Huang Hui-lian , Zhang Jin-qiang , Chen Guang-tong , Lu Zhi-qiang , Sha Na , Guo De-an
Published: March 2019

Oxyresveratrol ( trans-2,4,3′,5′-tetrahydroxystilbene, OXY) and resveratrol ( trans-3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene, RES) are the two most important constituents of the traditional Chinese medicine Smilax china. A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed to determine OXY and RES in rat bile and urine after oral administration of Smilax china extract. The biological samples were analyzed by HPLC on Aglient Zorbax SB-C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) at a wavelength 320 nm and at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The method was accurate and reproducible for determination. The cumulative excretion of OXY and RES was 0.29% and 0.97% in bile samples, 0.84% and 0.65% in urine samples, respectively.
Volatile Constituents of Trifolium Pratense and T. Repens from N.E. Italian Alpine Pastures
Authors: Tava Aldo , Ramella Daniele , Grecchi Maris , Aceto Paolo , Paoletti Renato , Piano Efisio
Published: March 2019

The composition of the volatile fraction of two important forage legumes from Italian sub-alpine N.E. pastureland, namely Trifolium pratense L. subsp. pratense (red clover) and T. repens subsp. repens (white clover) were investigated. The volatile oil was obtained from the fresh aerial parts by steam distillation and analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS. The oil yield was 0.018 and 0.021% (weight/fresh weight basis) for T. pratense and T. repens, respectively. Several classes of compounds were found in both the oils, including alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, terpenes, esters, hydrocarbons, phenolics and acids. Qualitative and quantitative differences were found.
Potential Anti-Dementia Agents in Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Li Xue-Juan , Zhang Hong-Yu
Published: March 2019

Dementia is becoming one of the biggest threats to human health. However, there is no efficient therapeutic approach so far. Thus, traditional medicines, which have accumulated certain experience in the treatment of dementia, are attracting more and more attention. Indeed, many anti-dementia drugs or drug candidates have been derived from these medicines. In this article, the profile of anti-dementia agents contained in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is described. It is indicated that TCM is not only a rich source of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, but also of great potential to derive other kinds of anti-dementia agents which are either directly associated with ameliorating dementia or have complementary effects. These agents have apparent implications for anti-dementia drug discovery, especially for finding multicomponent anti-dementia drugs.
Antioxidant and Radical Scavenging Properties of Malva Sylvestris
Authors: DellaGreca Marina , Cutillo Francesca , Abrosca Brigida D' , Fiorentino Antonio , Pacifico Severina , Zarrelli Armando
Published: March 2019

Antioxidant capacity of the aqueous extract of Malva sylvestris was measured by its ability to scavenge the DPPH and superoxide anion radicals and to induce the formation of a phosphomolybdenum complex. Analysis of the extract, carried out by different chromatographic techniques, led to the isolation of eleven compounds: 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-methoxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid, ferulic acid, methyl 2-hydroxydihydrocinnamate, scopoletin, N-trans-feruloyl tyramine, a sesquiterpene, (3 R,7 E)-3-hydroxy-5,7-megastigmadien-9-one, and (10 E,15 Z)-9,12,13-trihydroxyoctadeca-10,15-dienoic acid. The antioxidant activities of all these compounds are reported.
Phytochemical Characterization of the Leaves of Mitragyna Speciosa Grown in USA
Authors: León Francisco , Habib Eman , Adkins Jessica E. , Furr Edward B. , McCurdy Christopher R. , Cutler Stephen J.
Published: March 2019

Mitragyna speciosa (Rubiaceae) has traditionally been used in the tropical regions of Asia, Africa and Indonesia as a substitute for opium. Indole alkaloids are the most common compounds that have been isolated. We investigated the constituents of the leaves of M. speciosa that was grown at the University of Mississippi. Several alkaloids were isolated, including ajmalicine, corynantheidine, isomitraphylline, mitraphylline, paynantheine, isocorynantheidine, 7-hydroxymitragynine and mitragynine, but their percentages were lower than those in a commercial Thai sample of “kratom”. In addition, we isolated the flavonoid epicatechin, a saponin daucosterol, the triterpenoid saponins quinovic acid 3- O-β-D-quinovopyranoside, quinovic acid 3- O-β-D-glucopyranoside, as well as several glycoside derivatives including 1- O-feruloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, benzyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, 3-oxo-α-ionyl- O-β-D-glucopyranoside, roseoside, vogeloside, and epivogeloside. This is the first report of the last group of compounds having been isolated from a Mitragyna species. Biological studies are currently underway to test these compounds for opioid activity.
Saturated Ceramides from the Sponge Dysidea Robusta
Authors: Marques Suzi O. , Veloso Katyuscya , Ferreira Antonio G. , Hajdu Eduardo , Peixinho Solange , Berlinck Roberto G. S.
Published: March 2019

Chemical investigation of the crude extract of a marine sponge Dysidea robusta led to the isolation of an inseparable mixture of saturated ceramides. These were identified from spectroscopic data as well as by hydrolysis followed by LC-MS analysis of the sphingosine moieties.
Synthesis of Neolamellarin A, an Inhibitor of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1
Authors: Arafeh Khaled M. , Ullah Nisar
Published: March 2019

Neolamellarin A, a metabolite isolated from the sponge Dendrilla nigra, was found to inhibit hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) activation by 26% at 10 μM concentration and inhibition of HIF-1 has become a major antitumor molecular target. Herein the first synthesis of neolamellarin A is described. The synthetic strategy features the condensation of vinylogous amide with aminomalonate to construct the 3,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1 H-pyrrole core and the subsequent acylation and deprotection rendered the target compound in 18% over all yield.
Coumestan Glycosides from the Stem Bark of Cylicodiscus Gabunensis
Authors: Nchancho Kazie , Kouam Jacques , Tane Pierre , Kuete Victor , Watchueng Jean , Fomum Zacharias T.
Published: March 2019

Two new coumestan glycosides, coumestoside C (1) and coumestoside D (2), were isolated from the stem bark of Cylicodiscus gabunensis Harms. Their structures were established by spectroscopic means and chemical transformations as 9- O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-3-hydroxy-4-(5′-hydroxy-3′-methylbut-2′ E-enyl) coumestan (1) and 9- O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-3- O- prenyl-4-hydroxycoumestan. Coumestoside C exhibited antimicrobial activity against Proteus vulgaris.
Production of Honokiol and Magnolol in Suspension Cultures of Magnolia Dealbata Zucc
Authors: Domínguez Fabiola , Chávez Marco , Garduño-Ramírez María Luisa , Chávez-ávila Víctor M. , Mata Martín , Cruz-Sosa Francisco
Published: March 2019

Honokiol and magnolol, important anxiolytic and anti-cancer agents, have been produced in cell-suspension cultures of the endangered Mexican plant Magnolia dealbata Zucc. In vitro cultures of the plant were established, and the accumulation of honokiol and magnolol in callus and cell-suspension cultures was measured. Leaf samples were the best explants for callus establishment and metabolite production, and Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 1 mg/L kinetin yielded 2.3 mg/g of honokiol and 5.9 mg/g of magnolol. Bacterial and fungal contamination was inhibited with a multiple-step tissue sterilization procedure. Oxidation was inhibited with 1 g/L activated charcoal. Cell-suspension batch cultures derived from friable callus obtained from leaves of this species were grown for 30 days in shaker flasks containing Murashige and Skoog medium. Throughout the growth cycle, honokiol and magnolol levels, fresh and dry weight, and sucrose uptake were determined. The effects of carbon source concentration on biomass accumulation and the synthesis of bioactive compounds were studied. By using 3 mL of inocula supplemented with 3% (w/v) sucrose, maximum yields of honokiol (8.1 mg/g) and magnolol (13.4 mg/g) were obtained after 25 days. These yields were 300% and 382%, respectively, of the yields of honokiol and magnolol obtained from field-grown plants.
Prenylated Alkylbisphenols from Grevillea whiteana
Authors: Wang Hao , Leach David N. , Thomas Michael C. , Blanksby Stephen J. , Forster Paul I. , Waterman Peter G.
Published: March 2019

Eleven new bisresorcinols including four mixtures each of two isomers and one resorcinol/phloroglucinol derivative, together with five known resorcinols have been isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of stems of Grevillea whiteana. The new compounds were identified as 4-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)grebustol-B (10a), 4′-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)grebustol-B (10b), 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)grebustol-B (2a) and 4′-(4-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl) rebustol-B (2b), 2,2-dimethyldihydropyrano grebustol-B (11a) and iso-2,2-dimethyldihydropyranogrebustol-B (11b), 2,2-dimethyl-3ξ-hydroxydihydropyranogrebustol-B (7a) and iso-2,2-dimethyl-3ξ-hydroxydihydropyranogrebustol-B (7b), 15-(2-(4-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-resorcinol-5-yl)-1-(phloroglucinolyl)-9( Z)pentadecen-one (whiteanone) (4), 5,5′-(hexadecan-diyl)bisresorcinol (12) and 2-methyl-5,5′-(8( Z)-hexadecen-1,16-diyl)bisresorcinol (9). This is the first record of pyranobisresorcinols in the genus and the first report of a phloroglucinol terminal phenolic unit in any Grevillea species.
Volatile Constituents of the Leaves of Munnozia Senecionidis from the Venezuelan Andes
Authors: Lara Joel , Rojas Luis B. , Usubillaga Alfredo , Carmona Juan
Published: March 2019

The essential oil of Munnozia senecionidis Benth. (Asteraceae), obtained by hydrodistillation, was analyzed by GC–MS. Twenty compounds were identified, accounting for 93.9% of the oil. The most abundant components were caryophyllene oxide (19.9%), trans-nerolidol (12.1%), epi-α-cadinol (9.4%) and hexadecanoic acid (8.8%).
Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oils of Lavandula Stoechas L. Ssp. Stoechas Growing Wild in Turkey
Authors: Kırmızıbekmez Hasan , Demirci Betül , Yeşilada Erdem , Başer K. Hüsnü Can , Demirci Fatih
Published: March 2019

The chemical compositions of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the dried leaves and flowers of Lavandula stoechas L. ssp. stoechas were separately identified by GC-FID and GCMS analyses. The main components were α-fenchone (41.9±1.2%), 1,8-cineole (15.6±0.8%), camphor (12.1±0.5%), and viridiflorol (4.1±0.4%) in the leaves; and α-fenchone (39.2±0.9%), myrtenyl acetate (9.5±0.4%), α-pinene (6.1±0.09%), camphor (5.9±0.05%) and 1,8-cineole (3.8±0.1%) in the flowers. Overall, 55 and 66 constituents were identified in the leaf and flower essential oils representing more than 90% and 94% of the total, respectively. In addition, the essential oils were evaluated for their antibacterial and anticandidal activities by broth microdilution. The flower essential oil was found to be relatively more active than the leaf oil towards the tested pathogenic microorganisms. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was more susceptible to the flower oil (MIC= 31.2 μg/mL). The oils, evaluated for their free radical scavenging activity using a TLC-DPPH assay, were inactive at a concentration of 2 mg/mL.
Chemical Composition, Antifungal and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of Chamaecyparis Nootkatensis from Spain
Authors: Palá-Paúl Jesús , Usano-Alemany Jaime , Granda Elena , Soria Ana-Cristina
Published: March 2019

The chemical composition of the oil of Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach. has been analysed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GCMS). A total of 34 compounds were identified representing more than 90% of the total oil. The oil was richer in monoterpenes than in sesquiterpenes, the major constituents being limonene (53.2%), δ-3-carene (21.0%) and α-pinene (12.2%). The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the oil were also tested against Candida albicans, Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella sp. and Serratia marcescens. Only two of these, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans, were sensitive to the treatment, inhibition zones of 11 and 14 mm diameter being obtained, respectively. As far as we know, this is the first report of the antifungal and antibacterial activity of this species.
Bioactive Steroidal Sulfates from the Ambulakrums of the Pacific Starfish Lysastrosoma anthosticta
Authors: Levina Eleonora V. , Kalinovsky Anatoly I. , Dmitrenok Pavel S. , Aminin Dmitry L.
Published: March 2019

Lysaketotriol (1) and lysaketodiol (2), along with two previously known polyhydroxylated steroidal sulfates (3, 4), were isolated from the ethanolic extract of ambulakrums separated from the arms of the starfish Lysastrosoma anthosticta (Sea of Japan). The chemical structures have been elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C, DEPT, COSY-45, HSQC and HMBC) and mass spectrometry. Compound 1 produced moderate stimulation of lysosomal activity in mouse splenocytes and compounds 1-2 showed immunomodulatory activity.
Recovery and Purification of Nicotine from Waste Tobacco by Aqueous Two-Phase System/Reverse Extraction
Authors: Xing Jian-min , Li Fen-fang , Ping Jing
Published: March 2019

A two-step process has been developed for the purification of nicotine from waste tobacco using an aqueous two-phase system and solvent reverse extraction. The partitioning behavior of nicotine was investigated in an isopropyl alcohol/ (NH4)2SO4 aqueous two-phase system. The effects of the addition of salt, pH and temperature on the partitioning behavior of nicotine were studied. The recovery rate of nicotine was 96.1% with a purity of above 99% when optimal conditions were used [(NH4)2SO4 25%, pH 9, temperature 35°C, isopropyl alcohol 5 mL].
Analysis of Essential Oils of Artemisia absinthium L. from Lithuania by CC, GC(RI), GC-MS and 13C NMR
Authors: Judzentiene Asta , Tomi Félix , Casanova Joseph
Published: March 2019

Different techniques have been utilized to determine the composition of Artemisia absinthum (wormwood) essential oil. The oil was fractionated on a silica gel column and each fraction analyzed by GC(RI), GC-MS and 13C NMR. This allowed the identification, for the first time in A. absinthium, of two diterpenes, 9-geranyl-p-cymene and 9-geranyl-α-terpinene, and two homoditerpenes, 9-(15,16-dihydro-15-methylene)-geranyl-p-cymene and 9-(15,16-dihydro-15-methylene)-geranyl-α-terpinene.

Chemical variability of A. absinthium essential oils from plants collected in the surroundings of Vilnius city over several years (1999-2007) was also shown. Chemical composition was determined by GC and GC-MS. Thujones ( cis+trans, 10.2-36.3%) and trans-sabinyl acetate (9.8-39.2%) were the two predominant constituents of almost all the investigated oils (13 out of 15 samples). The third major compound was myrcene (5.1-9.2%, in four samples), β-pinene (5.4-10.4%, in 5), linalool (4.7% in one), trans-sabinol (6.4%, in one) and 1,8-cineole (5.2-7.1%, in two). In one oil, the prevailing components were thujones ( cis+trans, 11.2%), trans-sabinene hydrate (11.0%) and trans-sabinyl acetate (8.8%), while another sample was characterized by a large quantity of trans-sabinyl acetate (55.2%) and the absence of thujones.
Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of Cordia verbenacea from the Venezuelan Andes
Authors: Meccia Gina , Rojas Luis B. , Velasco Judith , Díaz Tulia , Usubillaga Alfredo , Arzola Juan Carmona , Ramos Sulymar
Published: March 2019

The essential oil of Cordia verbenacea D.C. (Boraginaceae) that grows in Mérida-Venezuela was obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of the plant, yielding 0.21%. The oil was analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Thirty one components which made up 94.3% of the oil were identified. The most abundant constituents found were: tricyclene (23.9%), bicyclogermacrene (11.7%), germacrene D (9.9%) and β-caryophyllene (8.2%). Antibacterial activity determination was carried out according to the disc diffusion assay. Activity against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, at a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 170 μg/mL and 200 μg/mL, was found.
Factors Affecting Chemical Variability of Essential Oils: A Review of Recent Developments
Authors: Barra Andrea
Published: March 2019

This review, covering mainly papers of the last decade, focuses on recent findings on the different factors affecting the chemical composition of essential oils, such as exogenous and endogenous factors. The endogenous factors are related to anatomical and physiological characteristics of the plants and to the biosynthetic pathways of the volatiles, which might change in either the different tissues of the plants or in different seasons, but also could be influenced by DNA adaptation. The exogenous factors, over a long period, might affect some of the genes responsible for volatiles formation. Those factors lead to ecotypes or chemotypes in the same plant species. In the last few years chemotaxonomy has been widely used to classify plants with essential oils characterized by intra-specific chemical polymorphism. It could be evidenced that chemotypes are frequently genotypes and recently the application of the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, coupled with powerful statistical methods, appeared to be useful in discriminating the different genotypes. The data presented led to the suggestion that further chemotaxonomic studies should be the result of the analysis of morphological traits combined both with chemical and molecular markers.
Sesquiterpenes from the Rhizomes of Curcuma ochrorhiza
Authors: Sirat Hasnah M. , Jamil Shajarahtunnur , Rahman Ahmad A.
Published: March 2019

From the rhizomes of Curcuma ochrorhiza, four sesquiterpenes, isofuranodiene, germacrene, furanogermenone and zederone, have been isolated, the structures of which have been elucidated by spectroscopic methods.
Antifungal Activity of Eugenia umbelliflora against Dermatophytes
Authors: Machado Karina E. , Filho Valdir Cechinel , Cruz Rosana C. B. , Meyre-Silva Christiane , Cruz Alexandre Bella
Published: March 2019

Antifungal activities of Eugenia umbelliflora Berg. (Myrtaceae) were tested in vitro against a panel of standard and clinical isolates of human fungal pathogens (dermatophytes and opportunistic saprobes). Methanol extracts of leaves and fruits of E. umbelliflora were separately prepared and partitioned, to yield dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and aqueous fractions (Aq). Three compounds (1-3) were obtained from the DCM extract using chromatographic procedures. Antifungal assays were performed using agar dilution techniques. Both extracts (fruits and leaves), their DCM and EtOAc fractions, and compound 2 (betulin and betulinic acid) presented selective antifungal activity against dermatophytes (Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes), with MIC values between 200 and 1000 μg/mL, and interestingly, inhibited 4/5 species with MIC values of ≤500 ≤g/mL. The aqueous fractions of fruits and leaves, and compounds 1 (α, β amyrin) and 3 (taraxerol) were inactive up to the maximum concentrations tested (1000 μg/mL).
Hydrophobic Metabolites from Rhododendron formosanum and their Allelopathic Activities
Authors: Chou Shen-Chieh , Krishna Vivek , Chou Chang-Hung
Published: March 2019

Eighteen components were isolated from the methanolic extract of leaves of Rhododendron formosanum Hemsl. (Ericaceae), an endemic species in Taiwan, and evaluated for their allelopathic properties. Of the isolated compounds, 3 β-friedelinol, 5,6β-epoxy-5β-stigmastan-3β-ol, 5,6α-epoxy-5α-stigmastan-3 β-ol, lupeol and ursolic acid revealed inhibitory effects at 10−4 M or above, whereas α-tocopherol, friedelin and β-amyrin acetate exhibited stimulatory effects on the radicle growth of the test plants at the same concentration or above. However, squalene and α-amyrin showed either a stimulatory or inhibitory effect. The remaining four components, coumarin, β-sitosterol, adian-5-en-3β-ol and 3β-acetoxyurs-12-en-28-al, were not significantly effective in the present bioassay, but have been reported as allelopathic agents elsewhere.
Unusual 22S-spirostane Steroids from Dracaena cambodiana
Authors: Van Minh Chau , Dat Nguyen Tien , Dang Nguyen Hai , Nam Nguyen Hoai , Ban Ninh Khac , Van Tuyen Nguyen , Huong Le Mai , Huong Tran Thu , Van Kiem Phan
Published: March 2019

From the methanol extract of Dracaena cambodiana roots two unusual 22S-spirostane steroids (1β,3β,14α,20R,22S,25R)-spirost-5-ene-1,3, 14-triol (1) and (1β,3β,14α,15α,20R,22S,25R)-spirost-5-ene-tetrol (2) have been isolated, together with a known 22R-spirostane compound, namogenin B (3). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and spectrometric methods, including HRMS and extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. Compound 1 showed significant antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Fusarium oxysporum, with MIC values of 45.0, 25.0 and 50.0 μg/mL, respectively.
Synthesis of Novel Vanillin Derivatives Containing Isothiazole Moieties and its Synergistic Effect in Mixtures with Insecticides
Authors: Potkin Vladimir , Zubenko Yuri , Bykhovetz Anatoly , Zolotar Romualda , Goncharuk Violetta
Published: March 2019

Reaction between 4-formyl-2-methoxyphenyl 4,5-dichloroisothiazole-3-carboxylate with various aromatic amines led to azomethins 2-7 formation. By treatment of azomethins 2-7 with sodium triacetoxyborohydride corresponding amines 8-11 were obtained. During the bioassays of new vanillin derivatives in mixtures with insecticides remarkable synergetic effect was discovered.
Design, Synthesis and Fungicidal Activity of Novel Strobilurin Analogues Containing Substituted N-phenylpyrimidin-2-amines
Authors: Li Hui-Chao , Liu Chang-Ling , Chai Bao-Shan , Li Miao , Li Zhi-Nian , Yang Ji-Chun
Published: March 2019

A series of novel compounds (5-8) was designed and synthesized by integrating the active pharmacophore of the N-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine fungicide with the structure of strobilurin fungicide. The rationale of this approach was to determine if these new compounds exhibit unique biological activity (selectivity and potency) compared with the commercial standards. The title compounds were prepared from 2-(phenylamino)pyrimidin-4-ols (3) by treatment with one equivalent of intermediates (4) containing strobilurin pharmacophores. 2-(Phenylamino)pyrimidin-4-ols (3) were in turn prepared from phenylguanidines (1) and substituted β-ketoesters (2). Biological activities evaluated in the greenhouse indicated that compounds 5a, 6a and 7a have good fungicidal activity at 25 mg/L, comparable with that of the commercial standards, cyprodinil and azoxystrobin.
Properties of Honey from Ten species of Peruvian Stingless Bees
Authors: Rodríguez-Malaver Antonio J. , Rasmussen Claus , Gutiérrez María G. , Gil Florimar , Nieves Beatriz , Vit Patricia
Published: March 2019

Honey produced by ten stingless bee species (Melipona crinita, M. eburnea, M. grandis, M. illota, Nannotrigona melanocera, Partamona epiphytophila, Ptilotrigona lurida, Scaptotrigona polystica, Scaura latitarsis, and Tetragonisca angustula) from Peru has been characterized according to traditional physicochemical standards (color and moisture), biochemical components (flavonoids, polyphenols, nitrites, proteins), and bioactive properties (antibacterial activity, antioxidant capacity). Analytical data are also provided for a sample of Apis mellifera and an artificial honey control. For stingless bees, honey color varied between 26 and 150 mm Pfund. M. illota produced the lightest honey, while N. melanocera and T. angustula were the darkest. Moisture varied between 20.8 and 45.8 g water/100 g, confirming higher moisture for stingless bee honey than the A. mellifera honey standard of 20 g water/100 g. Flavonoids varied from 2.6 to 31.0 mg quercetin equivalents/100g, nitrites from 0.30 to 2.88 μmoles nitrites/100 g, polyphenols from 99.7 to 464.9 mg gallic acid equivalents/100g, proteins from 0.75 to 2.86 g/100 g, and the antioxidant capacity from 93.8 to 569.6 μmoles Trolox equivalents/100 g. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was slightly lower against Staphylococcus aureus (12.5 −50 g/100 mL) than Escherichia coli (50 g/100 mL).
Thymus ciliatus – The Highest Thymol Containing Essential Oil of the Genus
Authors: Kabouche Ahmed , Ghannadi Alireza , Kabouche Zahia
Published: March 2019

The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of Thymus ciliatus Desf. collected at Batna (Eastern Algeria) in May 2008 was investigated by GC and GC/MS. Eighteen components, representing 99.6% of the essential oil, were detected of which thymol (79.1%) and p-cymene (5.6%) were the major components.
Chemical Composition of Hydrodistilled and Solvent Volatiles Extracted from Woodchips of Himalayan Cedrus: Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loud
Authors: Chaudhary Abha , Kaur Pushpinder , Singh Bikram , Pathania Vijaylata
Published: March 2019

The essential oil and extract obtained from the wood chips of Cedrus deodara by hydrodistillation and percolation respectively have been analyzed by GC-FID and GC–MS techniques. Thirty four compounds were identified from the essential oil and twenty six from the extract accounting for 98.3 and 94.6% respectively of total identifications. While the major components of the oil were β-himachalene (38.3%), α-himachalene (17.1%) and γ-himachalene (12.6%), those of the extracts were E-γ-atlantone (38.5%) and E-α-atlantone (10.2%).
Insecticidal and Insect-repellent Activities of Essential Oils from Verbenaceae and Anacardiaceae against Rhizopertha Dominica
Authors: Benzi Verónica S. , Murray Ana P. , Ferrero Adriana A.
Published: March 2019

Essential oils extracted from leaves of Aloysia polystachya and A. citriodora (Verbenaceae) and from leaves and fruits of Schinus molle var. areira (Anacardiaceae) were tested for their repellent and toxic activities against adults of Rhizopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Topical application and filter paper assays were employed for contact toxicity studies; filter paper impregnation was also used for fumigant and repellent assays. In topical tests A. polystachya was as effective as S. molle leaves. In the case of repellent assays, A. citriodora was the most effective oil based on the class scale. A.polystachya was the most toxic plant on contact toxicity by filter paper assay (LC50 26.6 mg/cm2). Fumigant toxicity was only evaluated with fruits and leaves of S. molle, and no significant differences were found between them. Published data are included to compare the fumigant toxicity of S. molle with that of A. citridora and A. polystachya.
Phytotoxins, Elicitors and Other Secondary Metabolites from Phytopathogenic “Blackleg” Fungi: Structure, Phytotoxicity and Biosynthesis
Authors: Pedras M. Soledade C. , Yu Yang
Published: March 2019

The metabolites produced by the fungal species Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa under different culture conditions, together with their phytotoxic activities are reviewed. In addition, the biosynthetic studies of blackleg metabolites carried out to date are described and suggestions for species reclassification are provided.
Triterpenes from Warszewiczia coccinea (Rubiaceae) as Inhibitors of Acetylcholinesterase
Authors: Calderón Angela I. , Simithy Johayra , Quaggio Giuliana , Espinosa Alex , López-Pérez Jose Luis , Gupta Mahabir P.
Published: March 2019

Seventy-six plant extracts from the Panamanian flora have been screened for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) bioautography. The most promising extracts with AChE inhibitory and free radical scavenging activities at 100 μg were those of Tabernaemontana panamensis (Markgr., Boiteau & L. Allorge) Leeuwenb., Pentagonia macrophylla Benth., and Warszewiczia coccinea (Vahl) Klotzsch. Bioguided fractionation of W. coccinea stem extract afforded two triterpenes, 3β,6β,19α-trihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid (1) and 3β,6β-dihydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid (sumaresinolic acid) (2), with AChE inhibitory activity. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. This is the first report of these bioactive triterpenes in W. coccinea.