bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the antioxidant and antityrosinase activities of Prosopis juliflora fruit extract as a novel multifunctional bioactive ingredient and its potential applicability in pro‐ageing and skin colour harmonization cosmetic products
Authors: da Silva Tássyo Leandro , Pinheiro Jonas Gabriel de Oliveira , de Moura Arthur Thomaz Coutinho , Maia Neto Christovam Gondim , Correia Francisco Lucas Pereira , Comin Marcielle Sayuri Kubo , da Silva Rafaela Costa Ferreira , de Araújo Samara Vitória Ferreira , Barreto Stella Maria Andrade Gomes , Oliveira Artur de Santana , Damasceno Gabriel Azevedo de Brito , Ferrari Márcio
Published: August 2024

Objective

Prosopis juliflora, commonly known as algaroba or mesquite, was introduced and has since proliferated throughout the semi‐arid region of the Caatinga biome. Various studies have documented its properties, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitumor activities, attributed to the presence of diverse secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, and flavonoids. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antityrosinase activities of P. juliflora fruit extract as a multifunctional active ingredient, and to develop cosmetic formulations containing this vegetal extract for potential applications in skincare products targeting pro‐ageing and skin colour homogenization properties.

Methods

The extraction process followed established protocols. Chemical characterization of the extract involved quantification of total flavonoids and phenolic compounds, along with Liquid Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS) analysis. In vitro antioxidant activity was assessed using different methods. Antityrosinase activity was determined by employing enzymatic assays. Cosmetic formulations containing Disodium EDTA, Phenoxyethanol (and) Ethylhexyl Glycerin, Distilled Water, Sodium Acrylates Copolymer Lecithin, Polyacrylamide (and) C13–14 Isoparaffin (and) Laureth‐7, and 3.0% of the investigated plant extract were subjected to preliminary and accelerated stability tests.

Results

The extract demonstrated a concentration of total flavonoids (1.71 ± 0.26 μg EQ/mg) and exhibited concentrations of phenolic compounds at 0.21 ± 0.01 mg EAG/g. Metabolites such as flavonoids and saponins were annotated, as well as some of their respective glycosidic derivatives. The extract showed antioxidant potential and the ability to inhibit the oxidation cascade in both the initiation and propagation phases. Moreover, the extract exhibited noteworthy inhibition of antityrosinase activity, presenting 62.48 ± 2.09 at a concentration of 30.00 mg/mL. The formulations were stable in accelerated stability tests over a 60‐day period.

Conclusion

This research not only demonstrates scientifically by demonstrating the potential of a plant from the Caatinga biome with antioxidant and antityrosinase properties in the development of cosmetic products aimed at pro‐ageing effects and skin colour harmonization, but also adds value to the P. juliflora production chain. This valorization encompasses various aspects which include environmental, social, and biodiversity responsibilities.
Feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Does the microRNA‐mRNA regulatory network contribute to heart sarcomeric protein remodelling?
Authors: Guelfi Gabriella , Venanzi Noemi , Capaccia Camilla , Stefanetti Valentina , Brachelente Chiara , Sforna Monica , Porciello Francesco , Lepri Elvio
Published: August 2024

Feline primary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an intrinsic myocardial disease characterized by concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle. In the present study, we investigated the microRNA‐mRNA regulatory network in feline myocardial tissue affected by primary (HCMI) and secondary HCM (HCMII). MRNA expression levels of sarcomeric genes, including, TNNT2, TNNI3, MYH7, MYBPC3, TPM1 and ACTC1 were assessed in the FFPE myocardial tissues. FFPE tissues from healthy cats were sequenced by the NGS, to explore, in the entire non‐deposited miRNome, the expression level of microRNAs targeting the complementary sequences of selected sarcomeric mRNAs. The sarcomeric genes TNNT2, MYH7, MYBPC3 and TPM1 showed a statistically significant upregulation in HCMI compared to HCMII (p < .01), except ACTC1 which was downregulated (p < .01); TNNI3 showed no statistically significant difference. In HCMII miR‐122‐5p, miR‐338‐3p, miR‐484, miR‐370‐3p, miR‐92b‐3p, miR‐375 and miR‐370‐3p showed a significant upregulation (p < .01) compared to control. The exception was miR‐30a‐5p which showed downregulation. Worthy of note is the 4‐fold higher expression of miR‐370‐3p, a key regulator of MYBPC3, in HMCI compared to HMCII. This research does not solve the aetiological mystery of HCM, but it may help to find a way to help diagnose and define the prognosis of HCM in cats.
Effects of pair work and individual work on paired‐associate vocabulary learning in an EFL context
Authors: Iwata Akira , Kanayama Kohei , Kasahara Kiwamu
Published: August 2024

This study investigates how different modes of a memorization activity in paired‐associate learning (PAL), namely pair work and individual work, can affect learners’ short‐ and long‐term retention of newly learned vocabulary items. In the aforementioned activity, two groups of Japanese college students studying English as a foreign language (EFL) learned 20 novel English vocabulary items using a second language–first language (L2–L1) list. First, the pair group worked in pairs; one member asked the other to state the L1 equivalent of the target items aloud for 2.5 min, and vice versa. Second, the members of the individual group memorized the L1 meanings of the target words for 5 minutes using their own methods. Subsequently, an immediate posttest and questionnaire survey regarding their preferred learning styles and strategies were conducted after the study session. Furthermore, a surprise delayed posttest was administered 3 weeks after the session. The results revealed that the individual group outperformed in the immediate posttest. However, the pair group scored significantly better in the delayed posttest. These results suggest that individual work is superior for memorizing a larger number of words in a short time but that memory can decay relatively quickly. Conversely, pair work may be superior for long‐term retention.
An automated method for thrombocyte counting in capillary microsamples
Authors: Boesen Caroline Vasard , Christensen Vibeke Staun , Jensen Klaus Rosenkilde , Hansen Anja Reinert , Hviid Claus Vinter Bødker
Published: August 2024

Introduction

We aimed to develop an automated, low‐volume method for thrombocyte counting in capillary blood using the Sysmex predilution (PD) mode.

Methods

Microsamples were prepared by resuspension of 50 μL blood in 300 μL DCL CellPack. Thrombocyte counting was done in the impedance (PLT‐I) and fluorescence (PLT‐F) channels. The imprecision and bias was evaluated in >394 microsamples from adult blood. Preanalytical factors (skin‐piercing, storage, and transportation in our pneumatic tube system) was assessed, and studies on pediatric microsamples were made for comparison. The improvement in analytical quality and turnaround time was examined.

Results

For PLT‐F, the imprecision was 1.1%–3.7%, and the bias was 10.1% (95% CI: 8.8–11.3). After skin‐piercing, the bias was 8.1% (95% CI: 5.6–10.6) and the imprecision 1.9% (95% CI: 1.3–2.5). Thrombocyte counts kept stable after 4 h at room temperature (94.8% [95% CI: 93.2–96.4]) and after pneumatic tube transportation [6.7% (95% CI: 4.8–8.6)]. The bias of the PD mode for pediatric microsamples was 13.0% (95% CI: −8.4–34.4) in the PLT‐F channel. The automated method had a considerably lower imprecision than the existing manual thrombocyte counting method and reduced turnaround times.

Conclusion

The automated microsample method offers a low‐volume alternative for measurement of thrombocytes. The method appears useful also in pediatric samples.
Happiness across the borders—A cross‐sectional study among patients with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis in Europe
Authors: Ziehfreund S. , Wecker H. , Mittag S. , Weis J. , Tizek L. , Verkhoturova V. , Legat F. J. , Weger W. , Großschädl K. , Cerpes U. , Sadoghi B. , Riegler M. , Balato A. , Di Brizzi E. V. , Buononato D. , Babino G. , Calzavara‐Pinton P. , Rossi M. T. , Rovaris S. , Dimech A. , Boffa M. J. , Chernyshov P. , Svyatenko T. , Kolodzinska L. , Sikora M. , Torres T. , Manolache L. , Scala E. , Biedermann T. , Zink A.
Published: August 2024

Background

Dermatological research has traditionally concentrated on evaluating mental comorbidities, neglecting positive concepts like happiness. Initial studies indicate that psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD) impair the happiness of those affected. Considering global happiness variations, this study aimed to explore the disease‐ and country‐specific differences in disease‐related quality of life and happiness, and potential influential factors on heuristic happiness among psoriasis and AD patients in Europe.

Methods

A cross‐sectional multicentre study was conducted in dermatology departments of university‐affiliated hospitals in eight European countries (Austria, Germany, Italy, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Romania and Ukraine) between October 2021 and February 2023. Adult psoriasis and AD patients completed a standardized questionnaire in their native languages, providing data on demographics, disease‐related characteristics, disease‐related quality of life (Dermatology Life Quality Index, DLQI), heuristic happiness, positive affect (PA), negative affect (NA) and satisfaction with life (SWL). Descriptive analysis and quantile regression were performed.

Results

Between psoriasis (n = 723) and AD (n = 316) patients almost no differences were observed in happiness, SWL and NA, except for DLQI and small differences in PA, with AD patients reporting greater impact than psoriasis patients. Country‐wise variation emerged in DLQI, heuristic happiness, PA, NA and SWL with Austrian patients displaying the highest levels of happiness, satisfaction and positivity, coupled with higher treatment care and lower disease severity. Quantile regression revealed varying coefficients for predictor variables across quantiles, indicating, for example positive effects on heuristic happiness associated with current or previous receipt of systemic therapies at different quantiles.

Conclusions

This study shows notable happiness differences across European countries and significant disease‐related variations, particularly with AD patients being more impaired than psoriasis patients. The findings highlight the need for equality in treatment access and support the development of targeted positive psychological interventions to enhance happiness considering country‐specific distinctions in future research and health policies for psoriasis and AD patients.
Investigation of the relationship between gross motor maturation from 1 to 18 months and preschool gross motor performance in at‐risk infants
Authors: Karanlik Ozge , Acar Gonul , Ayta Semih
Published: August 2024

Background

At‐risk infants are predisposed to major and minor neurodevelopmental disorders due to various biological and environmental factors.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between gross motor maturation from 1 to 18 months and gross motor performance in the preschool period, as well as the risk of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) in at‐risk infants, referred to the Family Counselling Center of the Turkish Spastic Children's Foundation (FCCTSCF) between 2014 and 2016.

Methods

Fifty‐seven children who had their gross motor maturation assessed between 1 and 18 months at the FCCTSCF were re‐evaluated in the preschool period. The Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) was used to evaluate gross motor maturation between 1 and 18 months. In contrast, the Gross Motor Function Measure‐88 and the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire were used to assess gross motor performance in the preschool period.

Results

Of the at‐risk infants included in the study, 45.6% were evaluated as having typical development, 21% were identified as having cerebral palsy (CP), and 33.3% were determined to be at risk for DCD. Children with CP and those at risk for DCD were found to have lower percentile ranks on the past AIMS test compared to the healthy group (p = 0.001). A significant positive correlation was found between the Alberta Infant Motor Scale and the Gross Motor Function Measure‐88 (p = 0.014).

Conclusion

In the clinical follow‐up of at‐risk infants, those who scored low on AIMS should be monitored for future risk of DCD and minor disorders, even if major neurological issues such as cerebral palsy are not detected.
Assessing metabolic flexibility response to a multifibre diet: a randomised‐controlled trial
Authors: Aubin Adrien , Hornero‐Ramirez Hugo , Ranaivo Harimalala , Simon Chantal , Van Den Berghe Laurie , Favier Nathalie Feugier , Dussous Isabelle , Roger Loïc , Laville Martine , Béra‐Maillet Christel , Doré Joël , Caussy Cyrielle , Nazare Julie‐Anne
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Metabolic flexibility (MetF), defined as the ability to switch between fat and glucose oxidation, is increasingly recognised as a critical marker for assessing responses to dietary interventions. Previously, we showed that the consumption of multifibre bread improved insulin sensitivity and reduced low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) levels in overweight and obese individuals. As a secondary objective, we aimed to explore whether our intervention could also improve MetF.

Methods

In this study, 39 subjects at cardiometabolic risk participated in a double‐blind, randomised, crossover trial lasting 8 weeks, repeated twice. During each phase, participants consumed either 150 g of standard bread daily or bread enriched with a mixture of seven dietary fibres. MetF response was assessed using a mixed‐meal tolerance test (MMTT), analysing changes in respiratory quotient (∆RQ) measured using indirect calorimetry.

Results

Although there were no significant differences in ∆RQ changes induced by dietary fibre between the two diets, these changes were positively correlated with postprandial triglyceride excursion (∆TG) at baseline. Subgroup analysis of baseline fasting and postprandial plasma metabolites was conducted to characterise MetF responders. These responders exhibited higher baseline fasting LDLc levels and greater post‐MMTT ∆TG.

Conclusion

In conclusion, although dietary fibres did not directly impact MetF in this study, our findings highlight potential determinants of MetF response, warranting further investigation in dedicated future interventions.
Does an early hands‐on breastfeeding intervention by midwives affect nipple pain incidence? An observational pilot study
Authors: Takahashi Yuki , Brimdyr Kajsa , Cadwell Karin
Published: August 2024

Aim

To describe the timing and characteristics of midwives' hands‐on interruptions of newborns' behavior while in skin‐to‐skin contact during the first hour after birth and to elucidate the relationship between these hands‐on interruptions and the incidence of nipple pain during the first 4 days postpartum.

Methods

An observational pilot study was conducted at a Baby‐Friendly® hospital in Japan from 2016 to 2018. Iterative analysis of video recordings from a larger study of the behavior of newborns while skin‐to‐skin with their mothers in the first hour after birth found 16 full‐term newborns who were born vaginally and that met the inclusion criteria of a midwife's hands‐on intervention (HOI) interrupting the infant's progress toward breast self‐attachment. The timing of the HOI and the stage of the newborn's progress through Widström's 9 Stages was noted by two research assistants who had been blinded to the medical records. The degree of nipple pain after breastfeeding was self‐evaluated by mothers each day during their hospitalization. All data were statistically analyzed.

Results

Interrupting the infant's progressive behaviors in the first hour after birth by midwives' hands‐on “help” to breastfeed,  may increase nipple pain during the 4 days after birth. One hundred percent of the mothers reported nipple pain in the postpartum with the highest pain reports occurring on day 4.

Conclusion

Interrupting skin‐to‐skin contact with HOI does not decrease the incidence of nipple pain during the first days postpartum. HOI for newborn infants was not shown to support breastfeeding in the early postnatal period.
Physical, emotional, and financial burdens of toileting assistance for family caregivers in home care settings and factors associated with each burden: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Shogenji Miho , Yoshida Mikako , Kakuchi Takahiro , Hirako Kohei
Published: August 2024

Aim

Caregivers in home care settings may experience significant physical, emotional, and financial burdens in providing toileting assistance. However, few studies have evaluated these three aspects of caregiver burden. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the physical, emotional, and financial burdens of toileting assistance and examine the factors associated with each burden.

Methods

A self‐administered postal questionnaire was distributed to 405 family caregivers of older adults receiving home care and subsidies for incontinence products in Japan in 2019. Family caregivers answered questions about toileting assistance, the perceived physical, emotional, and financial burdens of providing toileting assistance at home, and the urinary/fecal symptoms of older adults.

Results

Of the 242 family caregivers who reported each burden, 213 (88%) had experienced at least one physical, emotional, or financial burden. The prevalence of physical, emotional, and financial burdens was 77.3%, 78.1%, and 70.7%, respectively. Approximately 60% of respondents reported experiencing all three burdens. Physical burden was associated with spouses acting as primary caregivers, nocturia, fecal incontinence, and the odor of urine/feces from toileting assistance. Emotional burden was associated with nighttime assistance, urinary/fecal leakage from absorbent incontinence products, and the odor of urine/feces. Financial burden was associated with frequent assistance, disposal costs of absorbent incontinence products, and the degree of toileting assistance.

Conclusions

The results revealed a high prevalence of the three burdens of toileting assistance among family caregivers, suggesting the need to assess these burdens. Furthermore, they suggested the importance of providing guidance to family members, which may help reduce these burdens.
The SOE Premium and Government Support in China's Credit Market
Authors: GENG ZHE , PAN JUN
Published: August 2024

Studying China's credit market using a structural default model that integrates credit risk, liquidity, and bailout, we document improved price discovery and a deepening divide between state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) and non‐SOEs. Amidst liquidity deterioration, the presence of government bailout helps alleviate the heightened liquidity‐driven default, making SOE bonds more valuable and widening the SOE premium. Meanwhile, the increased importance of government support makes SOEs more sensitive to bailout, while the heightened default risk increases non‐SOEs' sensitivity to credit quality. Examining the real impact, we find severe performance deteriorations of non‐SOEs relative to SOEs, reversing the long‐standing trend of non‐SOEs outperforming SOEs.
The role of teledentistry in improving oral health outcomes and access to dental care: An umbrella review
Authors: Al‐Buhaisi Diana , Karami Sanaz , Gomaa Noha
Published: August 2024

Objectives

This umbrella review aims to synthesise and summarise the role of teledentistry in improving oral health outcomes and access to dental care.

Methods

We searched the databases PubMed (Medline), Scopus, CINHAL, OVID, ScienceDirect, JSTOR, JBI Database of Systematic Reviews & Implementation Reports and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews through March 2024. Systematic reviews and meta‐analyses on teledentistry were eligible for inclusion. No publication time or language restrictions were applied. Our search retrieved 24 studies for which we conducted quality assessments using the Joanna Biggs Institute (JBI) for Systematic Reviews and Research Synthesis Critical Appraisal Tool. Results were reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Results

Studies addressed clinical oral health outcomes, health‐related quality of life and patient experience, access to dental care and cost‐effectiveness of teledentistry compared to conventional, face‐to‐face dental consultations. We found that there was consensus that teledentistry enhanced oral health through the early detection of oral lesions and increased access to dental care in remote areas and was time‐ and cost‐saving.

Conclusion

Teledentistry can improve oral health outcomes and access to dental care. Future research on its impact on oral health equity is warranted.
What contributes to rising inequality in large cities?
Authors: Ayala Luis , Martín‐Román Javier , Vicente Juan
Published: August 2024

This paper aims to analyze the trends in income inequality in large cities within a selected sample of OECD countries. Specifically, we consider a set of individual characteristics that account for changes in the income distribution and estimate their contribution to differences in inequality in large cities over the last two decades. We use a combination of reweighting techniques and recentered influence functions (RIF) to detect an upward trend in inequality within large cities. This result is mainly driven by changes in the returns to endowments rather than by changes in its distribution. Our findings suggest that these results are not of the same magnitude across the countries analyzed. A key finding is that the contribution to inequality of the skill premium is considerably higher in North American countries than in European countries.
Normative cortical activation patterns in children distinguishing one or two tactile sensory inputs points: An functional MRI study
Authors: Donne Jack H. , Beare Richard , Powell Jennifer A. , Fahey Michael C. , Williams Cylie M.
Published: August 2024

This study aims to determine if children follow the same cortical activation patterns as adults when responding to two‐point discrimination sensory stimuli during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We recruited 15 children with typical development, aged between 8 and 16 years. These participants were asked to complete a two‐point discrimination test (task block) while undergoing an fMRI scan. In the two‐point stimulus test, strong activation compared to baseline was observed in the left and right frontal orbital cortex. The inferior parietal lobe also exhibited activity, particularly on the right side, with activation in both the supramarginal and angular gyri. Further activity was evident in the left supramarginal gyrus and the left paracingulate gyrus. This novel study on fMRI two‐point discrimination testing in children shows the activation patterns in key brain regions involved in somatosensory discrimination and decision making.

Practical Applications

This study provides crucial normative data on cortical activation patterns during two‐point discrimination testing in typically developing children. Such data serve as a valuable reference point for future research investigating sensory processing and cognitive function in pediatric populations. Researchers can use these findings to establish benchmarks and compare cortical activation patterns in children with neurodevelopmental conditions. This information is essential for exploring pathology, which may affect tactile sensation techniques and developing targeted interventions tailored to individual needs in pediatric treatment. Additionally, it lays the groundwork for further exploration into the neural mechanisms underpinning somatosensory discrimination, potentially leading to advancements in understanding and treating sensory‐related disorders in children.
The impact of social media in child sexual abuse
Authors: Hong Monica
Published: August 2024

With the rise of technology, social media consumption by young children has become part of normal life. The ease of fabricating an online persona also means children become accessible by predators, placing them at risk of exploitation including the production of child abuse material, online grooming and child sexual abuse. The content uploaded on social media is difficult to monitor enabling children to be exposed to potentially harmful material. Online safety for children needs to be prioritised and parents made aware of the resources available to them.
Parental views on prospective consent: Experience from a pilot randomised trial recruiting extremely preterm infants during the perinatal period
Authors: Skelton Hannah , Goyen Traci‐Anne , Viola Patricia , Marceau James , D'Cruz Daphne , Maheshwari Rajesh , Shah Dharmesh , Edney Bronwyn , Luig Melissa , Jani Pranav R
Published: August 2024

Aim

To explore parental perceptions of the consenting process and understanding of the study in a pilot randomised controlled trial wherein extremely premature infants (<29 weeks' gestation) were recruited either antenatally or by 4 h of life.

Methods

We prospectively surveyed parents who had consented, declined consent or were eligible infants in the Positioning Preterm Infants for Neuroprotection study, a low‐risk intervention study in the first 72 h of life. Structured interview questions explored the process and acceptability of the consenting approach by the parents and their knowledge of the study. Additional comments made by the parents were transcribed verbatim.

Results

Sixty‐two parents participated in the surveys; of those, 41 had provided their consent, 8 declined consent and 13 were parents of missed eligible infants. Overall, most parents reported they understood the study well before providing their consent and approaching them for consenting did not create a burden for them. A verbal explanation of the study by the study team, especially by the medical practitioners, was viewed as beneficial. Where consent was obtained in the birthing unit (imminent births and within 4 h of birthing), it was suggested that the 4‐h period for obtaining post‐natal consent may be too short. A deferred consent with a follow‐up opportunity for obtaining informed consent could be a suitable alternative.

Conclusion

Parents found the consenting process acceptable and indicated they had sufficient understanding of the study to provide an informed consent. Deferred consent should be explored for future, low‐risk intervention studies as an alternative to prospective consent where extremely preterm infants need to be recruited in the immediate neonatal period.
Effects of partial or full replacement of soybean meal with urea or coated urea on intake, performance, and plasma urea concentrations in lactating dairy cows
Authors: Rauch Rainer , Nichols Kelly , de Carvalho Isabela P. C. , Daniel Jean‐Baptiste , Martín‐Tereso Javier , Dijkstra Jan
Published: August 2024

We expected mitigation of the hypophagic effects of urea (U) with a coated urea (CU) product that aimed to partially shift urea supply to the post‐ruminal gastrointestinal tract. Ruminal release and post‐ruminal digestibility of CU was evaluated in vitro, followed by a randomised complete block experiment (54 Holstein‐Friesian cows; 177 ± 72 days in milk). Soybean meal (SBM) was partially (PR) or fully (FR) replaced on an isonitrogenous basis by beet pulp and U or CU. Urea sources were included at 12 (U‐PR, CU‐PR) and 19 (U‐FR, CU‐FR) g/kg dietary dry matter (DM). Hypophagic effects were similar for U‐PR and CU‐PR (−11% vs. −7%), and for U‐FR and CU‐FR (−13% vs. −12%) compared with SBM (average 25.8 kg DM intake/d). Compared with SBM, U‐PR and CU‐PR reduced yields of milk (−8%) and protein (−12%), U‐PR reduced yield of fat (−9%) and fat‐ and protein‐corrected‐milk (FPCM; −9%), and CU‐PR tended to reduce FPCM yield (−5%). Compared with SBM, U‐FR and CU‐FR respectively reduced yields of milk (−21%, −22%), protein (−25%, −26%), fat (both −14%), lactose (−20%, −21%), and FPCM (−17%, −19%), and lowered N (−15%, −12%) and feed (−8%, trend, −9%) efficiency. Human‐edible protein efficiency approximately doubled with U‐PR and CU‐PR and approximately tripled with U‐FR and CU‐FR compared with SBM. Milk composition and plasma urea concentration were similar between U and CU, except for a trend for a greater plasma urea concentration with U‐PR compared with CU‐PR. Dry matter intake patterns differed for CU‐PR compared with U‐PR and for CU‐FR compared with U‐FR, suggesting effects of urea release rate or location on feeding behaviour. Overall, replacing SBM with U or CU reduced DM intake and milk production and affected nutrient efficiencies. Coated urea influenced DM intake pattern but did not affect total DM intake or milk production compared with U.
Adult perceptions of mental health access barriers facing youth in rural Washington State: A group concept mapping study
Authors: Graves Janessa M. , Abshire Demetrius A. , Mackelprang Jessica L. , Klein Tracy A. , Gonzalez Carmen , Parrott Kailee , Eti Deborah U. , Ferris Jordan G. , Chacon Christina M. , Beck Ashley D.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To explore adult community members’ perspectives concerning barriers to mental health care that confront rural‐dwelling youth.

Methods

Group concept mapping, a participatory community‐engaged research method, was used. Adult community members brainstormed and sorted statements describing barriers rural youth encounter in accessing mental health services. Point and cluster maps were created to visualize conceptual similarities between statements. Statements were rated according to their commonness and importance (1: low commonness/importance, 5: high commonness/importance).

Findings

Thirty‐five adults sorted and/or rated 71 barriers facing rural youth in accessing mental health services. Seven conceptual clusters were identified: system‐level barriers, knowledge and communication, youth concerns, parent/guardian concerns, parent/guardian barriers, costs and convenience, and school‐level barriers. Within youth concerns, community members also identified a subcluster focused on stigma. Common and important statements related to limited after‐school programs and community mental health support initiatives.

Conclusions

Group concept mapping methodology provides structure for conceptualizing challenges facing rural youth in accessing mental health services. Policies should be informed by rural community concerns and priorities. After‐school and support programs may align with mental health needs identified by rural communities.
Rheological and sensory properties of chickpea and quinoa pastes and gels for plant‐based product development
Authors: Viadel Andrés , Laguna Laura , Tárrega Amparo
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the modification of mechanical, rheological, and sensory properties of chickpea pastes and gels by incorporating other ingredients (olive oil or quinoa flour), to develop plant‐based alternatives that meet consumer demands for healthy, natural, and enjoyable food products. The pastes and gels were made with different amounts of chickpea flour (9% and 12%, respectively). For each product, a first set of products with different oil content and a second set with quinoa flour (either added or replaced) were produced. The viscoelastic properties of the pastes and the mechanical properties of the gels were measured. Sensory evaluation and preference assessment were carried out with 100 participants using ranking tests. The study found remarkable differences in rheological, mechanical, and sensory properties of chickpea products upon the inclusion of oil and quinoa flour. The addition of oil increased the viscosity and decreased the elastic contribution to the viscoelasticity of the pastes, while it improved the firmness and plasticity in gels. It also increased the creaminess and preference of both pastes and gels. Replacing chickpea with quinoa flour resulted in less viscous pastes and gels with less firmness and more plasticity. In terms of sensory properties, the use of quinoa as a replacement ingredient resulted in less lumpiness in the chickpea paste and less consistency and more creaminess in both the pastes and gels, which had a positive effect on preference. The addition of quinoa increased the viscosity of pastes and the firmness and stiffness of gels. It increased the consistency and creaminess of both pastes and gels. Quinoa flour and/or olive oil are suitable ingredients in the formulation of chickpea‐based products. They contribute to the structure of the system, providing different textural properties that improve acceptance.
Hydrocolloid‐based fruit fillings: A comprehensive review on formulation, techno‐functional properties, synergistic mechanisms, and applications
Authors: Alam Masud , Dar Basharat Nabi , Nanda Vikas
Published: August 2024

This study offers a comprehensive review of current developments regarding the utilization of diverse hydrocolloids in formulating fruit fillings across different fruit types, their impact on textural attributes, rheological properties, thermal stability, syneresis, and nutritional advantages of fillings and optimization of its characteristics to align with consumer preferences. The review also focuses on the various factors influencing fruit fillings, including the selection of fruits, processing methodologies, the inherent nature and concentration of hydrocolloids, and their synergistic interactions. In depth, scientific work on the impact of the parameters such as pH, total soluble solids, and sugar content within the fruit fillings was also discussed. Additionally, this article focuses on the utilization of the diverse fruit fillings developed by using hydrocolloids in bakery products including pastry, tartlet, muffins, cookies, and so forth. The review establishes that hydrocolloids offer a spectrum of techno‐functional attributes conducive to strengthening both the structural and thermal stability of fruit fillings, consequently extending their shelf life. It further establishes that incorporating of hydrocolloids facilitates the development of healthier food products by mitigating the necessity of excessive sugar or various other less favorable ingredients. The incorporation of fruit fillings in bakery products significantly increases the value proposition of these baked goods, contributing to their overall enhancement of quality and sensory value.
Dynamics of multilevel alliances in St. Johns River, Florida, Tamanend's bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops erebennus) with respect to an epizootic unusual mortality event
Authors: Brightwell Kristin K. , Krzyszczyk Ewa B. , Gibson Quincy A.
Published: August 2024

Disturbance events can alter a community's association patterns, which can influence mating tactics. The St. Johns River (SJR) bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops erebennus) community was impacted by the 2013–2015 unusual mortality event (UME), caused by cetacean morbillivirus, through mortality and social network changes. We analyzed male alliance stability and behavior from April 2011 through March 2017 with respect to the UME. During the UME, 12 first‐order alliance dyads ended due to a partner's death or disappearance. Alliance tactics varied: forming second‐order alliances (n = 21 alliances; teams of first‐order alliances), forming first‐order alliances (n = 13 alliances) or remaining unallied after an alliance dissolved (n = 8 individuals). During‐ and post‐UME, fewer allied males formed second‐order alliances (55%) compared to pre‐UME (68%). While the UME likely indirectly influenced alliance behavior through demographic changes, female presence and breeding season consistently influenced alliance associations and consortships (cooperatively flanking a female), indicating a reproductive function for SJR alliances. Increased consortships when a second‐order partner was present suggests second‐order alliances may provide consortship support against rival males. These results enhance our understanding of multilevel alliance reproductive benefits and demonstrate the adaptability of male mating tactics in response to disturbances resulting in demographic changes.
Establishing the limitations on using archived marine mammal samples for stable isotope analysis: an examination of differing preservation methods on tissues of harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) and gray seal (Halichoerus grypus)
Authors: Moore Daniel M. , Cunningham Emily G. , Crowder Kayla D. , Gröcke Darren R.
Published: August 2024

The use of biological samples from museum and/or archive collections is common in stable isotope research, particularly for marine mammals. Yet, the temporal stability of isotopic values across various tissue types and the influence of different preservatives on these values are not fully understood, posing significant challenges for accurate data interpretation. Here we examine the impact of three different tissue preservation methods (DMSO, ethanol, freezing), on seven different tissues (blubber, heart, kidney, lung, liver, muscle, and skin) from both a harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) and a gray seal (Halichoerus grypus) for stable isotope analysis in a 1‐year period. Our results demonstrate that storage in DMSO generates greater temporal variability in δ13C and δ15N for all tissue types, particularly in the first six months of storage. Furthermore, tissues stored in DMSO often exhibited lower δ13C and δ15N values compared to those stored frozen or in ethanol. This finding highlights a significant issue for studies utilizing tissues stored in DMSO, regardless of the storage duration. These results underscore the critical need for careful consideration of preservation methods in studies involving stored tissues, providing valuable insights for experimental design and management of tissue archives.
Cooking and food skills and their relationship with adherence to the Mediterranean diet in young adults attending university: A cross‐sectional study from Türkiye
Authors: Ünal Gökçe
Published: August 2024

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet has decreased among university students in many countries. Cooking skills (CS) and food skills (FS) have been suggested as potential targets for reversing this decline. This study aims to determine CS and FS and to examine their relationship with adherence to the Mediterranean diet in young adults attending university in Türkiye. This cross‐sectional study was conducted between March 2022 and April 2022 at Ondokuz Mayıs University in Samsun, Türkiye, and included 859 university students (56.1% women; mean age 22.57 ± 2.75 years). Sociodemographic characteristics were collected. The CS and FS measure and the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) were administered. The mean MEDAS, CS and FS scores were 4.77 ± 1.97, 59.10 ± 18.17 and 77.81 ± 22.27, respectively. Those with higher MEDAS scores (quartile three and quartile four‐Q3 and Q4) had significantly higher CS scores than those with lower scores (Q1 and Q2), while those in the lowest quartile (Q1) had lower FS scores than all other quartiles (p < 0.001). Total scores of CS and FS positively, although weakly, correlated with MEDAS (r = 0.227 and r = 0.296; p < 0.001). Two separate models for CS and FS were analysed; along with access to kitchen facilities, CS and FS contributed the most variability, accounting for 8.9% and 11.8% of the variance in MEDAS, respectively (p < 0.001). This research indicates that higher CS and FS in university students are associated with higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet. It is also recommended that kitchen facilities be provided for them to practice these skills.
Impact of nursing interventions on the prevention of ocular surface disorders in critical care patients: A systematic review
Authors: Arevalo‐Buitrago Pedro , Collado María José Bermejo , Martínez Ángel Gutiérrez , Villarejo Raquel Cordón , Recio Mª. Esther Rincón , Díaz Encarnación Quero , López Francisco Javier Dorante , Gomáriz Antonio Alexis Mena , García Gumersindo Emilio Calvo , Montoro Francisco José Cabello , López‐Soto Pablo Jesús
Published: August 2024

Background

Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are at an increased risk of ocular surface injuries because of various factors such as reduced tear production and impaired protective mechanisms. Despite the significance of ocular care in ICU settings, there is a lack of consensus on effective interventions, leading to inadequate prevention of ocular surface disease (OSD).

Aim

This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of nursing eye care in preventing OSD in ICU patients. Secondary objectives included identifying primary risk factors for ocular injuries and examining the most effective preventive methods.

Study Design

A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted, encompassing a literature search, article selection, quality assessment and data synthesis. Studies meeting inclusion criteria were observational studies and clinical trials, focusing on adults admitted to ICUs under sedation and receiving mechanical ventilation.

Results

Of 3545 initially identified articles, 12 studies met inclusion criteria. These studies involved a total of 1853 participants. Various interventions were assessed, including saline rinsing, lubricating drops, gel lubricants, occlusion with polyethylene dressing, passive blinking and eyelid closure with tape. Moist chamber occlusion every 6 h combined with gel lubrication emerged as the most effective method in preventing OSD.

Conclusions

Gel lubrication along with moist chamber occlusion proved to be the most effective strategy in preventing ocular injuries in ICU patients. Conversely, the routine use of physiological saline was associated with increased severity of corneal lesions. Properly defined protocols and well‐trained nursing teams are crucial for reducing ocular injuries in ICU settings.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

The findings underscore the importance of implementing evidence‐based eye care protocols in ICUs, emphasizing the use of gel lubrication and ocular surface protection to mitigate the risk of OSD. This highlights the need for comprehensive training programmes for ICU nursing staff to ensure optimal ocular care delivery.
Delirium prevalence in emergency department patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Yusi , Dai Min , Chen Xiaoli , Zhang Jianna
Published: August 2024

Background

Delirium is a common acute mental disorder, and its adverse outcomes often cause distress to both patients and their families. Despite its prevalence in patients treated in emergency departments, delirium is frequently overlooked.

Aim

This study aims to systematically evaluated and meta‐analysis the prevalence of delirium among emergency patients, providing insights into its prevalence and offering guidance for its management and prevention.

Study Design

Observational studies on the prevalence of delirium in emergency departments were systematically searched in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and Medline databases. Relevant English‐language studies published up to 18 September 2023 were reviewed, and meta‐analysis was conducted using Stata 14.0 software. Quality assessment of included literature was performed using the methodological index for non‐randomized studies (MINORS), and publication bias was assessed using Egger's test.

Results

Thirteen studies encompassing a total sample size of 33 839 cases were included, with 3082 cases of delirium incidents. The findings revealed a 15% prevalence rate of delirium in emergency departments, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of (0.10, 0.20) and an overall heterogeneity of 98.37% (p = .000). Among emergency department patients over 65 years of age, the prevalence of delirium was 12%, with a 95% CI of (0.07, 0.19) and a heterogeneity of 94.59%. For patients over 18 years of age, the prevalence was 17%, with a 95% CI of (0.10, 0.25) and a heterogeneity of 98.94%.

Conclusions

This meta‐analysis reveals an overall 15% prevalence rate of delirium among patients in emergency departments.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

In clinical practice, emergency medical staff should strengthen the screening and management of emergency delirium patients.
The indelible role of the interpretive researcher's fore‐structure in traversing the hermeneutic circle
Authors: SmithBattle Lee , Schmuke Ashley D. , Dettenmeier Patricia A. , Donahue Katie A.
Published: August 2024

Phenomenological researchers are obliged to grasp the epistemological and ontological differences between the Husserlian and Heideggerian branches of phenomenology to avoid misappropriating phenomenological terms or mischaracterizing study design. To that end, we spell out the key differences between both phenomenological traditions as background for describing the indelible role that the researcher's background assumptions, or fore‐structure, play in interpretive studies. We draw on our four studies to illustrate how we traversed the hermeneutic circle to disclose, challenge, and refine the personal, cultural, clinical, and scientific assumptions hidden in our fore‐structures. Our reflections highlight how understanding evolves, not by bracketing or disengaging ourselves from the phenomena we study, but by engaging in an open dialog that seeks understanding as lived by patients and families.
The pentatricopeptide repeat protein DG1 promotes the transition to bilateral symmetry during Arabidopsis embryogenesis through GUN1‐mediated plastid signals
Authors: Li Yajie , Liu Yiqiong , Ran Guiping , Yu Yue , Zhou Yifan , Zhu Yuxian , Du Yujuan , Pi Limin
Published: August 2024

During Arabidopsis embryogenesis, the transition of the embryo's symmetry from radial to bilateral between the globular and heart stage is a crucial event, involving the formation of cotyledon primordia and concurrently the establishment of a shoot apical meristem (SAM). However, a coherent framework of how this transition is achieved remains to be elucidated.

In this study, we investigated the function of DELAYED GREENING 1 (DG1) in Arabidopsis embryogenesis using a newly identified dg1‐3 mutant. The absence of chloroplast‐localized DG1 in the mutants led to embryos being arrested at the globular or heart stage, accompanied by an expansion of WUSCHEL (WUS) and SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM) expression. This finding pinpoints the essential role of DG1 in regulating the transition to bilateral symmetry. Furthermore, we showed that this regulation of DG1 may not depend on its role in plastid RNA editing.

Nevertheless, we demonstrated that the DG1 function in establishing bilateral symmetry is genetically mediated by GENOMES UNCOUPLED 1 (GUN1), which represses the transition process in dg1‐3 embryos.

Collectively, our results reveal that DG1 functionally antagonizes GUN1 to promote the transition of the Arabidopsis embryo's symmetry from radial to bilateral and highlight the role of plastid signals in regulating pattern formation during plant embryogenesis.
Bayesian Estimation of Fixed Effects Models with Large Datasets*
Authors: Qian Hang
Published: August 2024

In hierarchical prior longitudinal models, random effects are estimated by the Gibbs sampler. We show that fixed effects can be handled by a similar Gibbs sampler under a diffuse prior on the unobserved heterogeneity. The dummy variable approach for fixed effects is computationally intensive and has the out‐of‐memory risk, while the Gibbs sampler can reproduce the dummy variable estimator without creating dummy variables, and therefore avoids the memory burden. Compared to alternating projections and other classical approaches, our method simplifies both inference and estimation of the limited dependent variable models with fixed effects. The proposed method is applied to a real‐world mortgage dataset for classification with three‐way fixed effects on banks, regions, and loan purposes.