bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in cardiac magnetic resonance
Authors: Greulich Simon , Arai Andrew E. , Sechtem Udo , Mahrholdt Heiko
Published: September 2016

Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is a non-invasive imaging modality that has rapidly emerged during the last few years and has become a valuable, well-established clinical tool. Beside the evaluation of anatomy and function, CMR has its strengths in providing detailed non-invasive myocardial tissue characterization, for which it is considered the current diagnostic gold standard.

Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), with its capability to detect necrosis and to separate ischemic from non-ischemic cardiomyopathies by distinct LGE patterns, offers unique clinical possibilities. The presence of LGE has also proven to be a good predictor of an adverse outcome in various studies.

T2-weighted (T2w) images, which are supposed to identify areas of edema and inflammation, are another CMR approach to tissue characterization. However, T2w images have not held their promise owing to several technical limitations and potential physiological concerns.

Newer mapping techniques may overcome some of these limitations: they assess quantitatively myocardial tissue properties in absolute terms and show promising results in studies for characterization of diffuse fibrosis (T1 mapping) and/or inflammatory processes (T2 mapping). However, these techniques are still research tools and are not part of the clinical routine yet.

T2* CMR has had significant impact in the management of thalassemia because it is possible to image the amount of iron in the heart and the liver, improving both diagnostic imaging and the management of patients with thalassemia.

CMR findings frequently have clinical impact on further patient management, and CMR seems to be cost effective in the clinical routine.
Valuation of collateral objects in an unstable economy: problems and solutions
Authors: Федотова  , Fyedotova Marina , Тазихина  , Tazikhina Tatyana , Синогейкина  , Sinogeykina Ekaterina , Щербакова  , Shcherbakova Olga , Надеждина  , Nadezhdina Yana , Тазихина  , Tazikhina Yuliya
Published: September 2016

The book is well-known experts on the valuation and corporate finance deals with one of the most urgent, but at the same time, the least-developed aspects of corporate finance and valuation - improvement of collateral items evaluation mechanism in an unstable economy. Of particular relevance
This problem is in crisis. The authors not only help
financiers to more deeply understand the essence, content and principles
functioning of the mechanism for assessing the value of collateral, especially his actions in an unstable economy, but also reveal the nuances of foreign and domestic experience of the collateral the bank´s services and independent appraisers to identify and monitor
the value of collateral. In the book the authors substantiated proposals
on improving the valuation of the collateral items of different classification groups, as well as to optimize the system of interaction between commercial banks and independent appraisers.
The work is based on extensive practical material and personal professional experience of the authors.
The book is intended for appraisers value the collateral service employees of commercial banks, undergraduate and graduate students, post-graduate and doctoral students, faculty, financial and economic institutions.
Case—U.S. Army Deployment to the Middle East
Authors: Dillenburger Steven P.
Published: September 2016

The Air Force’s Air Mobility Command (AMC) has a major issue with quickly moving deploying troops to their destinations in the Middle East. Troops routinely get caught in bottlenecks at intermediate airports while at other airports there are not enough troops to fill up flights. The AMC commander wants to know what changes to make to the current system to speed up the deployment process.
Examining the cardiovascular symptoms in adults living with chronic insomnia
Authors: Fredericks Suzanne , Sidani Souraya , Miranda Joyal , Fox Mary
Published: September 2016

Chronic insomnia is characterised by difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep, waking up too early, non-restorative sleep, and daytime impairment, experienced for 6 or more weeks ( American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2005 ). Its prevalence is estimated at 50.0% of the general population worldwide ( Irish et al, 2015 ; Kredlow et al, 2015 ). The experience of chronic insomnia is associated with an increased risk for chronic diseases, cardiovascular diseases in particular ( King et al, 2008 ; Tsunoda et al, 2015 ). Evidence from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies demonstrates a significant relationship between insomnia and risk of cardiovascular diseases, after controlling for sleep disorders that are physiological in nature (e.g. sleep apnoea) and for other risks of cardiovascular diseases, such as smoking, low levels of physical activity, and alcohol and caffeine consumption ( Foley et al, 2004 ; Phillips et al, 2007 ; Hoevenaar-Blom et al, 2011 ). This evidence suggests that non-physiological factors contribute to the risk of cardiovascular diseases in persons with chronic insomnia. Stress, manifested as anxiety and depression, is often experienced by persons with chronic insomnia ( Specchio et al, 2004 ; Taylor et al, 2007), and those with anxiety report cardiovascular symptoms such as chest pain and dyspnea ( Ketterer et al, 2008 ). There is limited research exploring the contribution of psychological (i.e. insomnia, anxiety, and depression) or physical factors (smoking, physical activity, and alcohol and caffeine consumption) to the experience of cardiovascular symptoms (which are indicative of cardiovascular diseases) among adults with chronic insomnia.
Statins and their role in the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease
Authors: Preston Rebecca , Oldroyd Carol
Published: September 2016

Hyperlipidaemia is a modifiable risk factor for coronary heart disease with a plethora of studies showing that the higher the concentration of cholesterol, the higher the risk of a cardiovascular event. Following an acute coronary syndrome (ACS), the patient is commenced on a lifelong drug regime, which includes atorvastatin for lipid management. However, studies looking at compliance with medication shows that adherence to cardioprotective medication, statins in particular, is poor. In 2014, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) revised its 2008 guidelines for the management of hyperlipidaemia. Changes include measurement of non-fasting high-density lipoprotein (HDL) at baseline and at 3 months, and looking at the percentage of reduction instead of a fixed target, to determine the efficacy of statins. Recommendation also includes commencement of a high-intensity statin, such as atorvastatin 80 mg for secondary prevention. There is a greater emphasis on the inclusion of patients in the decision-making process with regards to lipid-lowering therapies.
Acute coronary syndromes—the role of the CCU nurse. Part I: Initial management
Authors: Macdonald Nicole , Jones Jenny , Leslie Stephen J
Published: September 2016

Cardiac nursing has changed significantly in recent years, and many roles that were traditionally undertaken by medical staff have been adopted by nurses. In addition, the medical treatment that patients with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) receive has become significantly more invasive and complex with the availability of new drugs and treatment options. This makes cardiac nursing an exciting area to work in, with considerable scope for professional development. Furthermore, advances in patient safety methodology are changing service delivery. The role of the cardiac nurse remains central to the provision of good care, and ensuring that it remains safe, effective and patient-centred. This is the first of a two-part article on the role of the coronary care unit (CCU) nurse in the management of ACS patients and describes the initial management.
Effect of femoral canal shape on mechanical stress distribution and adaptive bone remodelling around a cementless tapered-wedge stem
Authors: Oba M. , Inaba Y. , Kobayashi N. , Ike H. , Tezuka T. , Saito T.
Published: September 2016

Objectives

In total hip arthroplasty (THA), the cementless, tapered-wedge stem design contributes to achieving initial stability and providing optimal load transfer in the proximal femur. However, loading conditions on the femur following THA are also influenced by femoral structure. Therefore, we determined the effects of tapered-wedge stems on the load distribution of the femur using subject-specific finite element models of femurs with various canal shapes.

Patients and Methods

We studied 20 femurs, including seven champagne flute-type femurs, five stovepipe-type femurs, and eight intermediate-type femurs, in patients who had undergone cementless THA using the Accolade TMZF stem at our institution. Subject–specific finite element (FE) models of pre- and post-operative femurs with stems were constructed and used to perform FE analyses (FEAs) to simulate single-leg stance. FEA predictions were compared with changes in bone mineral density (BMD) measured for each patient during the first post-operative year.

Results

Stovepipe models implanted with large-size stems had significantly lower equivalent stress on the proximal-medial area of the femur compared with champagne-flute and intermediate models, with a significant loss of BMD in the corresponding area at one year post-operatively.

Conclusions

The stovepipe femurs required a large-size stem to obtain an optimal fit of the stem. The FEA result and post-operative BMD change of the femur suggest that the combination of a large-size Accolade TMZF stem and stovepipe femur may be associated with proximal stress shielding. Cite this article: M. Oba, Y. Inaba, N. Kobayashi, H. Ike, T. Tezuka, T. Saito. Effect of femoral canal shape on mechanical stress distribution and adaptive bone remodelling around a cementless tapered-wedge stem. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:362–369. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.59.2000525.
Estimasi jumlah biomassa lamun di Pulau Pramuka, Karya dan Kotok Besar, Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta
Authors: Mardiansyah Assuyuti Yayan , Farhan Rijaluddin Alfan , Ramadhan Firdaus , Bayu Zikrillah Reza
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The research was conducted in Kotok Besar, Karya and Pramuka Islands, Seribu Islands, Jakarta Province from May to July 2013. The aims of the research were to examine the percent cover, composition of vegetation and estimation of seagrass leaves biomass. The squares transect (0.25 m2) was utilized to calculate the seagrass percent cover data. Seagrass data were converted to total cover and biomass formula to estimate the seagrass leaves biomass. The result of our study showed there are 4 species of seagrass occurred in Kotok Besar Island, while 6 species were recorded in Karya and Pramuka Islands. Cymodocea rotundata had the higher value of seagrass cover percentage in Kotok Besar, Karya and Pramuka Islands, while the lower values were Halodule uninervis and Halophila ovalis.  In addition, the highest value of seagrass leaves biomass from those islands is Enhalus acoroides and the lower value was Halophila ovalis inKotok Besar and Pramuka Islands, and Halodule uninervis in Karya Island.Keywords: Composition of vegetation, estimated of biomass, seagrass, Seribu Islands  Abstrak.  Penelitian ini dilakukan di Pulau Kotok Besar, Karya dan Pramuka Kepulauan Seribu-Provinsi Jakarta mulai Mei sampai Juli 2013. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui komposisi vegetasi lamun dan estimasi jumlah biomassa daun lamun di pulau Kotok Besar, Karya dan Pramuka kepulauan Seribu-Provinsi Jakarta. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengguakan transek kuadrat (0,25 m2) untuk mengetahui persentase penutupan lamun. Data lamun yang diperoleh dikonversikan pada persamaan total penutupan dan estimasi biomasa untuk mengestimasi biomassa daun lamun. Hasil dari penelitian, terdapat 4 jenis lamun yang diperoleh di pulau Kotok Besar dan 6 jenis di pulau Karya dan Pramuka. Persen penutupan tertinggi pada pulau Kotok Besar, Karya dan Pramuka adalah jenis lamun Cymodocea rotundata, sedangkan yang terendah dari masing-masing pulau adalah Halodule uninervis dan Halophila ovalis secara berurutan. Estimasi biomassa daun lamun dengan nilai tertinggi adalah Enhalus acoroides dari ketiga pulau dan terendah adalah Halophila ovalis untuk pulau Kotok Besar dan Pramuka, dan Halodule uninervis untuk pulau Karya.Kata kunci: Komposisi vegetasi, estimasi biomassa, lamun, Kepulauan Seribu
Bilirubin-albumin binding capacity in term and preterm infants
Authors: Basalamah M. , Surjono Achmad
Published: September 2016

Background The risk of kernicterus remains a problem injaundiced newborn especially in low birth weight infants.Kernicterus can develop at low bilirubin levels. Bilirubin-albuminbinding plays an important role in its pathogenesis. Bilirubinalbumin binding concentration can also be used as the cut-offpoint in the administration of phototeraphy.Objective To determine the pattern of albumin bindingconcentration in serum model in vitro and in serum of prematureand term newborn infants from cord blood sample.Methods This study was conducted in Installation of Maternal-Perinatal Dr. Sardjito Hospital from August-September 2004.Blood cord samples from 20 term and 17 preterm infants wereanalysed. Total bilirubin was measured spectrophotometrically andunbound bilirubin concentration was determined by horseradishperoxidase oxidation using UB-analyzer apparatus micromethod.Student t test and linear regression analysis were performed.Results Bilirubin-albumin binding capacity of term infants showeda statistically significant difference compared to that of prematureinfants (18.9±2.1 mg/dl vs 10.2±3.6 mg/dl, P<0.001). This cut-off level approximately reflected a value of unbound bilirubin of1 mg/dl in term and 0.5 mg/dl in premature infants.Conclusions There is a different pattern of bilirubin-albuminbinding capacity between term and preterm infants which is higherin term infants. Bilirubin level of 19 mg/dl and 10 mg/dl in termand preterm newborn, respectively, can be used as cut-off pointto perform more aggressive intervention, such as phototeraphy,and to lower the risk of kernicterus.
Hyperlactacemia in critically ill children: comparison of traditional and Fencl-Stewart methods
Authors: Kushartono Hari , Pudjiadi Antonius H. , Purwanto Susetyo Harry , Chair Imral , Darwis Darlan , Latief Abdul
Published: September 2016

Background Base excess is a single variable used to quantifymetabolic component of acid base status. Several researches havecombined the traditional base excess method with the Stewartmethod for acid base physiology called as Fencl-Stewart method.Objective The purpose of the study was to compare two differentmethods in identifying hyperlactacemia in pediatric patients withcritical illness.Methods The study was performed on 43 patients admitted tothe pediatric intensive care unit of Cipto MangunkusumoHospital, Jakarta. Sodium, potassium, chloride, albumin, lactateand arterial blood gases were measured. All samples were takenfrom artery of all patients. Lactate level of >2 mEq/L was definedas abnormal. Standard base excess (SBE) was calculated fromthe standard bicarbonate derived from Henderson-Hasselbalchequation and reported on the blood gas analyzer. Base excessunmeasured anions (BE UA ) was calculated using the Fencl-Stewartmethod simplified by Story (2003). Correlation between lactatelevels in traditional and Fencl-Stewart methods were measuredby Pearson’s correlation coefficient .Results Elevated lactate levels were found in 24 (55.8%) patients.Lactate levels was more strongly correlated with BE UA (r = - 0.742,P<0.01) than with SBE (r = - 0.516, P<0.01).Conclusion Fencl-Stewart method is better than traditionalmethod in identifying patients with elevated lactate levels, so theFencl-Stewart method is suggested to use in clinical practice.
Factors affecting mortality of neonatal sepsis in Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta
Authors: Hafidh Yulidar , Hidayah Dwi , Sunyataningkamto Sunyataningkamto
Published: September 2016

Background Mortality of neonatal sepsis is still a significantproblem. It might be affected by many factors.Objective The purpose of this study was to determine factorswhich affect mortality of neonatal sepsis at neonatal ward ofMoewardi Hospital, Surakarta.Methods Data of neonatal sepsis was obtained from medicalrecords at the neonatal ward of Moewardi Hospital from December2004 to November 2005. We recorded data from 97 neonatalsepsis consisted of 46 male and 52 female babies. Statisticalanalysis had been performed using univariate Chi-square andmultivariate multiple logistic regression analysis.Results Overall neonatal sepsis mortality was about 40%. Therewere no significant difference in factors associated with mortalityof neonatal sepsis such as gender (OR=0.44; 95% CI 0.19;1.014),referral patients (OR=1.61; 95% CI 0.195;.014), and bacterialgrowth culture (OR=1.96; 95% CI 0.856;4.44), except for birthweight which affected mortality (OR=6.29; 95% CI 2.57;15.42).Conclusion Birth weight affects mortality of neonatal sepsis inMoewardi Hospital. Patients with positive bacterial growth culturehas two times higher risk of death, however, it is not statisticallysignificant.
Treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with protocol Hongkong–Indonesia Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia 97
Authors: Lukito Johannes Bondan
Published: September 2016

Background The HK-Ina ALL 97 study protocol is based on theTherapy Study ALL-BFM 95 protocol. Basically, this protocolstratifies the patients into three groups, i.e. standard risk for lowrisk group (SR), intermediate risk (IR), and high risk (HR) group,and the treatment is directed according to the risk groups.Objectives To investigate the overall treatment result of childhoodALL in Indonesia and to stratify patients according to biological,clinical criteria, and molecular study that identify the standardand high risk patients with greater precision.Methods Twenty patients entered in this study; 10 SR, 6 IR and 4HR groups. Induction phase for SR group consisted of four drugs(phase I’a) for five weeks and three drugs combination (phase I’b)for four weeks. Consolidation phase consisted of four doses of mini-HD MTX (2 gram/m 2 ) (protocol M’), reinduction phase useddexamethasone for seven weeks, and maintenance phase consistedof 6 MP and MTX. Boys, who were at higher risk of relapse, weregiven pulse dexamethasone and vincristine. Induction phase for IRwas the same as SR, but four doses of daunorubicin were given to IRgroup (Ia). Consolidation phase included four doses HDMTX (5gram/m 2 ). Phase Ib and Protocol II was the same as SR group. Pulsedexamethasone and vincristine was given to all patients. Inductionphase for HR group will be the same as IR group. This followed bythree blocks of very intensive treatment. Two reinduction phasesand maintenance was the same as SR and IR groups.Results Nineteen of 20 patients achieved complete remission (CR).The patient who could not stand was a 10 years old boy with initialWBC 612X10 9 /L, T-lineage marrow. He died 5 months since the initialdiagnosis after treated with HDMTX with dominant CD33 and sepsis.Conclusion The EFS in this study is 95% for the observation of 5months through five years and two months. It is still expected thatthe result fall off in the subsequent year, but it is also expected to becomparable to 70-80%. The very intensive and toxic program forHR group, may improve the EFS, but may also cause secondaryAML in the earlier time.
Clinical benefits of vitamin A supplementation in infants and children with severe pneumonia
Authors: T. Prisca , Lisal J. S. , Tanra Azis , Daud Dasril
Published: September 2016

Background About 190 million preschool children living indeveloping countries are at risk of vitamin A deficiency. VitaminA deficiency and acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) are publichealth problems in developing countries. Children with vitaminA deficiency are more susceptible to measles, respiratory tractinfection, and other infections. Some studies show that vitaminA supplements may reduce the severity of respiratory tractinfection and other systemic complications of measles, anddiarrhea.Objective To evaluate the effect of vitamin A supplementation ininfants and children with severe pneumonia.Methods The study was a randomized trial on children with severepneumonia. Participants were randomly assigned to either receivevitamin A in addition to standard treatment (Group A), orstandard treatment alone (Group C). Time to achieve the normalrespiratory rate, time to achieve disappearance of subcostalretractions and fine rales were compared between the 2 groups.Result There was no significant difference in the achievement ofnormal respiratory rate between the vitamin group and the controlgroup (3.08 days vs 3.29 days). There was also no significantdifference in the disappearance of subcostal retractions amongthe two groups (2.30 days vs 2.48 days). However, there wassignificant difference in the disappearance of fine rales betweenthe two groups. The disappearance of fine rales in the vitamin Agroup occurred earlier (mean 3.72 days) than in the control group(mean 4.04 days) (P<0.01).Conclusions This study indicates that no significant difference inthe achievement of normal respiratory rate and disappearance ofsubcostal retractions between the vitamin A group as comparedto the control group, but there was a significant difference in thedisappearance of fine rales between two groups.
Intracranial hemorrhage in infants after massaged by a traditional birth attendant
Authors: Herini Elisabeth S. , Hapsara Sunartini , Patria S. Yudha
Published: September 2016

Background The overall incidence of birth related injuries declineswith the improvement in obstetrics. However, the incidence ofhead trauma in infants after massaged by a traditional birthattendant (TBA) is still unknown.Objective To study the characteristics of intracranial hemorrhagein infants after massaged by a TBA.Methods A retrospective study was conducted in Sardjito Hospital,Yogyakarta, Indonesia between October 2001 and May 2005.Infants with intracranial hemorrhage after massaged by a TBAwere included. Data on patients’ demography, history of massagingby TBA, clinical presentation, and injury characteristics such asanemia, clotting time (CT), bleeding time (BT), prothrombin time(PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) werenoted. Computed cranial tomography (CT) scans were performed.Results A total of seven infants were diagnosed with intracranialhemorrhage after massaged by a TBA. There were four malesand three females (mean age 46 days; range 27-60 days). Allinfants were referred to Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesiawith bad condition and anemia; mean hemoglobin level was 5.5g/dl (range 3.7-8.3 g/dl). All infants presented with seizures.Coagulation screening showed normal results in five patients. Theremaining patients had a prolonged CT and PT. CT scan showedsubdural hemorrhage in four patients, intracerebral hemorrhagein four, epidural hemorrhage in two, and subarachnoid hemorrhagein one. Two patients had chronic hemorrhage, while the rest hadacute hemorrhage. Four of them underwent craniotomy, twopatients were under an observation only, and one patient was nottreated due to parental refusal. Six patients survived and the onewho refused to be treated died.Conclusions The parents, midwives, and doctors have to be awareof head massaging since it may harm infants.
Cri-du-chat syndrome
Authors: Rini Eka Agustia , Suciati R. Trin
Published: September 2016

Cri-du-chat syndrome (CDCS) is a rare chromosomal disorder, refers to a unique combination of physical and mental characteristics associated with a loss of genetic material on the distal short arm of the fifth chromosome.1 The incidence of CDCS is between 1:25,000 to 1:50,000 births. The prevalence among individuals with mental retardation is about 1.5 in 1000.2 A significant female predominance exists in affected newborns, with a male-to-female ratio of 0.72.2Subtle dysmorphism with neonatal complications and a high-pitched cry typically initiate diagnostic evaluation by cytogenetic studies. 2,3 Currently,there is no cure for cri-du-chat syndrome. The most successful approach in the management of children with CDCS requires a multidisciplinary team approach. 4 The case presented below will remind us how to reveal, suspect and diagnose Cri-Du-Chat syndrome, a rare case in pediatric.
Quality assurance for increasing growth monitoring and promotion (GMP) performance
Authors: Wahyu Oktora , Paryanto Endy , Sadjimin Tonny
Published: September 2016

Background Measuring body weight of under-five children is oneof the Family Nutritional Improvement Program or UsahaPerbaikan Gizi Keluarga (UPGK) activities which was integratedin Integrated Health Post (Posyandu) activities. Growthmonitoring and promotion (GMP) has been used as the maincomponent of the health and nutritional program in severaldeveloping countries. Unfortunately, this activity did not run asexpected. This study aimed to understand how quality assurance/total quality management (QA/TQM) influence the performanceof the GMP.Methods This 6 month operational research included 76 Posyandusin four subdistricts of Jogyakarta Province. The results of thePosyandus’s GMP score performance were used as a basis toimprove the performance for the next consecutive months withQA system. Data were transformed as a score index. Student’s t-test was used to analyze the data.Results The quality assurance could increase the performance ofGMP, which was done in Posyandus intervention group for 3consecutive months. The baseline scores for both groups were0.47±0.12 vs 0.42±0.17 (P=0.302), at the second monthmonitoring: 0.58±0.07 vs 0.42±0.16, for the intervention group(P<0.001). The mothers’ index (percentage of the children underfive attendance and mothers who brought KMS at weighingsession), however, did not significantly change.Conclusion Total quality management increased the generalperformance of Posyandus, but the program could not influencethe mothers’ index.
Parental knowledge, attitude and practice on malaria in Mandailing Natal district
Authors: Haris Syafruddin , Sofyani Sri , Lubis Bidasari , Lubis Munar , Pasaribu Syahril , Lubis Iskandar Z.
Published: September 2016

Background Malaria is still considered to be an important healthproblem in Indonesia. Malaria has been found in islands withdifferent degree of endemicity. Behavior of the community isone of the factors affecting the incidence of malaria in MandailingNatal district.Objective To know the parental knowledge, attitude, and practiceamong parents whose children suffered from malaria or not.Methods A cross sectional study was conducted in six primaryschools and one health centre in October 2004. Subjects wereparents whose children were malaria positive and malaria negativebased on laboratory examination. Sample size was 85 parents foreach group. Selected respondents were interviewed usingstructured questionnaire. Degree of knowledge, attitude, andpractice on malaria were established using scoring system withinthree categories: good, less, and poor. Data were collected andpresented using chi-square and P<0.05 was considered as a levelof significant.Results The mean age of 85 parents whose children were positivemalaria, was 38.47 years (SD 6.67) and the mean age of thosewhose children were negative malaria was 40.41 years (SD 8.05).Parent’s education level was 62.9% primary school and 90% oftheir children were school-aged. There were significant differenceson parental knowledge, attitude and practice in each group(P<0.05). There was also a significant correlation betweenoccupation and knowledge, but not between parental educationlevel and parental age. Parental knowledge and attitude on theincidence of malaria in Mandailing Natal district were good,though their practice were poor.Conclusion There are significant differences on parentalknowledge, attitude and practice, between parents whose childrenwere positive and negative for malaria.
Effect of probiotics supplementation on acute diarrhea in infants: a randomized double blind clinical trial
Authors: Sanjaya Putra I Gusti Ngurah , Suraatmaja Sudaryat , Aryasa I Ketut Nomor
Published: September 2016

Background Probiotics has advantages as a supplement formanagement of infants with acute diarrhea. It influences theduration of diarrhea by enhancing immune responses, elaboratesantimicrobial substances and occupies intestinal mucosal sites,inhibits the attachment and the growth of pathogenic organismsby achieving competitive exclusion and microbial balance.Objective To assess the clinical effects of probiotics supplementationon acute diarrhea in infants.Methods This was a double blind, randomized clinical controlledtrial performed on infants aged 1-12 months old with acutediarrhea, hospitalized in Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar. Subjectswere divided into two groups; the treatment group had standardmanagement with adjuvant probiotics, while the control groupreceived standard management with placebo.Results From 70 infants enrolled in this study, the mean durationof diarrhea in treatment group was significantly shorter than thatin the placebo group, 49.03 hours (SE 3.09) (95%CI 42.98;55.08)vs 73.03 hours (SE 3.28) (95%CI 66.61;79.45); P=0.001.Regarding failure of the treatment, probiotics supplementationhad relative risk reduction (RRR) of 67% and absolute riskreduction (ARR) of 57%. In multivariate cox regression analysisit was found that only probiotics supplementation influenced theduration of acute diarrhea in infants.Conclusion Probiotics can shorten the duration of acute diarrhea,and is safe as an adjuvant to standard management for infantswith acute diarrhea.
The association between duration of breastfeeding and atopy in children with or without family history of atopic disease
Authors: Novy Riana , Setiabudiawan Budi , Kartasasmita Cissy B.
Published: September 2016

Background Atopic diseases (AD) are the most common chronicdiseases in childhood, and their incidence has a tendency to increaserecently. Tendency to have atopy could be triggered by many factorsoriginated in early life, including time of breastfeeding cessation.Objective To determine the association between exclusive andduration of breastfeeding and atopy in children with or withoutfamily history of atopic disease.Methods This was an observational clinical epidemiology studyperformed at Babakansari, Padasuka, Garuda Primary Health CareCenter in Bandung from January to March 2006. One hundredfifty of 749 children were randomized from group with and withoutfamily history of AD. They underwent skin prick tests and totalserum IgE level analysis. Atopy was defined as a positive skinprick test to any of the eight allergens tested. History of exclusiveand duration of breastfeeding was obtained from their parents.Significance tests for contingency tables were on the basis of x 2test for association odds ratio with 95% confidence interval.Results Atopy was found in 28.2% of children, of whom 32.4% withand 23.9% without family history of AD. Children exclusivelybreastfed exhibited a reduced risk of atopy (5.8% v 35.3%, OR=0.11,95%CI= 0.03;0.34, P<0.001). The difference of atopy was stronglysignificant between children who had exclusive breastfeeding andthose without exclusive breastfeeding whether or not the subjectshad family history of AD (P<0.001). There was a highly significantrisk reduction for atopy related to prolonged breastfeeding (=6months) (OR=0.37, 95%CI = 0.19 to 0.72, P=0.001). Thedifference of atopy was strongly significant between children whohad prolonged breastfeeding and short breastfeeding duration whetheror not the subjects had family history of AD (P<0.001)Conclusions Exclusive and prolonged breastfeeding decrease atopyin children with as well as without family history of AD.
Efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate-amodiaquine for treating uncomplicated falciparum malaria in children
Authors: Faranita Tri , Pasaribu Ayodhia Pitaloka , Ali Muhammad , Lubis Munar , Pasaribu Syahril
Published: September 2016

Background Artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ) has been usedas a firsdine treatment for uncomplicated faldparum malariain Indonesia since 2004. Its efficacy depends on amodiaquineresistance of the infecting parasites. Artemether-lumefantrine(AL) has been shown to be highly efficacious in treatinguncomplicated faldparum malaria in several countries. However,there have been few studies on these anti-malarial medicationsin Indonesia.Objective To compare the efficacy of AL to ASAQ for treatinguncomplicated faldparum malaria in children.Methods An open, randomized, controlled trial wasconducted in school-aged children in the Mandailing NatalRegency, North Sumatera Province, Indonesia, from Octoberto December 2010. A total of 280 pediatric, uncomplicatedfalciparum malaria patients were randomly assigned to receiveeither AL or ASAQ for 3 days. Participants were followed-up ondays 1,2,3,7, 14, 28 and 42 following the first medication dose.The outcomes noted were adequate clinical and parasitologicalresponse (ACPR), parasite reduction, parasite clearance time,fever clearance time and adverse events. Analysis was basedon intention-to-treat.Results In this study, ACPRs on day 42 were 86.4% and 90.7%for the ASAQ and AL groups, respectively (p=0.260). On days 7and 14, the AL group had higher cure rates than that of the ASAQgroup (P<0.05). Early treatment failure, late treatment failure andparasitological failure for both groups were similar. We also foundfaster parasite clearance time and higher parasite reduction in theAL group than in the ASAQ group. However, fever clearancetime was shorter in the ASAQ group. The incidence of adverseevents such as nausea, vomiting, malaise, and pruritus were similarbetween the two groups (P=0.441).Conclusion AL had higher efficacy than ASAQ for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in children.[Paediatr rndones. 2012;52:260-6].
The relationship of body mass index to penile length and testicular volume in adolescent boys
Authors: Adriansyah Rizky , Ali Muhammad , Hakimi Hakimi , Deliana Melda , Lubis Siska Mayasari
Published: September 2016

Background Evidence suggests that obesity may be related toearly onset of puberty in girls. However, few studies have found alink between body mass index (BMI) and puberty onset in boys.More study is needed to assess the relationship of BMI to penilelength and testicular volume.Objective To investigate the relationship ofBMI to penile lengthand testicular volume in adolescent boys.Methods A cross􀀿sectional study was carried out on adolescentboys aged 9 to 14 years in Secanggang District, Langkat Regency,North Sumatera Province in August 2009. Subjects' BMIs werecalculated by dividing body weight (BW) in kilograms by bodyheight (BH) in meters squared. Penile length (em) was measuredwith a spatula. We took the average of three measurements fromthe symphysis pubis to the tip of the glans penis. Testicular volume(mL) was estimated by palpation using an orchidometer. Pearson'scorrelation test (r) was used to assess the relationship of BMI topenile length and BMI to testicular volume.Resu lts There were 108 participants, consisting of 64primary school students and 44 junior high school students.Subjects' mean age was 11.7 (SO 1.62) years; mean BWwas 35.2 (SO 8.48) kg; mean BH was 1.4 (SO 0.11) m;mean BMI was 17.5 (SO 2.34) kg/m'; mean penile lengthwas 4.5 (SO 1.25) cm; and mean testicular volume was 3.6(SD 1.20) mL. We found no significant association betweenBMI and penile length (r􀀻-0.25, P􀀻0.06), nor betweenBMI and testicular volume (r􀀻-O.21; P􀀻O.09).Conclusion T here was no significant relationship ofBMI to penilelength nor BMI to testicular volume in adolescent boys.[Paediatr lndanes. 2012;52:267-71].
PERTEMPURAN LAUT ARU: TONGGAK AWAL PENANAMAN JIWA BAHARI DALAM PEMBANGUNAN KEKUATAN MARITIM BANGSA INDONESIA
Authors: Sadhyoko Joseph Army
Published: September 2016

Revitalization of the maritime spirit is neccessary for Indonesia people. Battle at the Aru Seawas an historical heritagewhich proved thatthe maritime spirit existed and should be cultivate today. The maritime spiritbecomemental capital for maritime power developmentamong Indonesia people in the future.
PROSES KREATIF PENGARANG CHICKLIT DAN TEENLIT INDONESIA
Authors: Noor Redyanto
Published: September 2016

An author creative process  includes the issue of why and how the author wrote the novel. Among the chicklit and Teenlit novelists there are similar supporting factors, namely talent, hobby, intelligence, and daily life experience around them. The Supporting factors are then combined with skills, methods and storytelling which spontaneous and honest.They never thought about storytelling techniques when writing a novel. They do not think about the structure of fiction such as the grooves, figure-characterizations, backgrounds, storytelling, and so on.The creative process of the authors can not be separated from the influence of life in their surrounding environment that provides reality as a source of inspiration to write the story. The reality is in the form of social problems, personal problems, society, humanity, divinity, and so on. All sorts of information and experience are gained through association and access to information technology. All are quickly and simultaneously enrich the treasury of their knowledge so that they can talk anywhere, anytime, and about anything. Thus, the young chicklit and Teenlit novelists become successful and famous is not in a sudden and without a process. Nor because special facilities given by publisher or certain parties, but through hard work. Lot of terms and conditions that they can meet through their struggle.Thus, it can be concluded that the creative process of chicklit and Teenlit novelist is a blend of natural talent, hobby, intelligence, and life experience, supporting by intelligence, hard work, a wealth of experience, breadth of relationships, social sensitivity, the ability of storytelling and writing skills.
„In einem gewissen Sinne politisch belastet“. Bevölkerungswissenschaft und Bevölkerungspolitik zwischen Entwicklungshilfe und bundesrepublikanischer Sozialpolitik (1960er und 1970er Jahre)
Authors: Hartmann Heinrich A.
Published: September 2016

In der Nachkriegszeit gehörte die Bevölkerungspolitik zu den belasteten Bereichen deutscher Politik, die in Westdeutschland kaum offen adressiert wurden. Die verschiedenen Bundesregierungen vermieden es, in diesem Bereich direkt tätig zu werden. Dennoch war diese Abgrenzung keineswegs absolut: In einigen Politikbereichen gab es Kontinuitäten, die etwa im Bereich der Familienpolitik bereits in den 1950er Jahren wieder eine gewisse, wenn auch bescheidene Rolle in der westdeutschen Sozialpolitik zu spielen begannen. Doch einen wirklichen Impuls erlebte das Feld weniger aus den innerdeutschen sozialpolitischen Kontexten heraus als vielmehr durch das neue Feld der Entwicklungspolitik und durch die Sorgen um eine globale Bevölkerungsexplosion. Der Aufsatz zeigt, dass dieser Bereich seit den 1960er Jahren mehr und mehr Aufmerksamkeit erfuhr und von der Bundesregierung genutzt wurde, um sich vorsichtig auch im Feld der Entwicklungshilfe neu zu positionieren. Dabei wirkte dieses Feld auf der einen Seite als neuer institutioneller Rahmen für einige frühere Experten. Andererseits war allerdings der entwicklungspolitische Zusammenhang auch entscheidender Impuls für Diskurse und neue Institutionen, die paradoxerweise den Stellenwert der bevölkerungswissenschaftlichen Ansatzpunkte in der bundesdeutschen Sozialpolitik stärkten. So wirkte sich die Diskussion der globalen Bevölkerungsdiskussion etwa auf die Debatten um die Legalisierung von Abtreibung oder auf den Aufbau eines neuen Instituts für Bevölkerungswissenschaften aus. Obwohl die Ängste vor globaler Überbevölkerung und vor zurückgehenden Geburtenraten entgegengesetzt schienen, trugen doch beide wesentlich zur Integration bevölkerungspolitischer Handlungsfelder in den Katalog bundesdeutscher Sozialpolitik bei.
Hearing the Beat
Authors: Einarson Kathleen M. , Trainor Laurel J.
Published: September 2016

Adults can extract the underlying beat from music, and entrain their movements with that beat. Although infants and children are poor at synchronizing their movements to auditory stimuli, recent findings suggest they are perceptually sensitive to the beat. We examined five-year-old children’s perceptual sensitivity to musical beat alignment (adapting the adult task of Iversen & Patel, 2008). We also examined whether sensitivity is affected by metric complexity, and whether perceptual sensitivity correlates with cognitive skills. On each trial of the complex Beat Alignment Test (cBAT) children were presented with two successive videos of puppets drumming to music with simple or complex meter. One puppet’s drumming was synchronized with the beat of the music while the other had either incorrect tempo or incorrect phase, and children were asked to select the better drummer. In two experiments, five-year-olds were able to detect beat misalignments in simple meter music significantly better than beat misalignments in complex meter music for both phase errors and tempo errors, with performance for complex meter music at chance levels. Although cBAT performance correlated with short-term memory in Experiment One, the relationship held for both simple and complex meter, so cannot explain the superior performance for culturally typical meters.
Sex differences in response of the bovine embryo to colony-stimulating factor 2
Authors: Siqueira Luiz G B , Hansen Peter J
Published: September 2016

We tested whether gene expression of the bovine morula is modified by CSF2 in a sex-dependent manner and if sex determines the effect of CSF2 on competence of embryos to become blastocysts. Embryos were produced in vitro using X- or Y-sorted semen and treated at Day 5 of culture with 10 ng/mL bovine CSF2 or control. In experiment 1, morulae were collected at Day 6 and biological replicates (n = 8) were evaluated for transcript abundance of 90 genes by RT-qPCR using the Fluidigm Delta Gene assay. Expression of more than one-third (33 of 90) of genes examined was affected by sex. The effect of CSF2 on gene expression was modified by sex (P < 0.05) for five genes (DDX3Y/DDX3X-like,NANOG,MYF6,POU5F1andRIPK3) and tended (P < 0.10) to be modified by sex for five other genes (DAPK1,HOXA5,PPP2R3A,PTENandTNFSF8). In experiment 2, embryos were treated at Day 5 with control or CSF2 and blastocysts were collected at Day 7 for immunolabeling to determine the number of inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) cells. CSF2 increased the percent of putative zygotes that became blastocysts for females, but did not affect the development of males. There was no effect of CSF2 or interaction of CSF2 with sex on the total number of blastomeres in blastocysts or in the number of inner cell mass or trophectoderm cells. In conclusion, CSF2 exerted divergent responses on gene expression and development of female and male embryos. These results are evidence of sexually dimorphic responses of the preimplantation embryo to this embryokine.
A Two-Wheeled Mobile Non-Inverted-Pendulum Robot
Authors: Marie Bernard Sidibe  , Drissa Traore  , Yi Li Fu 
Published: September 2016

The two-wheeled mobile non-inverted-pendulum (NIP) robot which is the topic of this paper is a new prototype of a two-wheeled mobile pendulum robot with two internal devices. The pendulum contains the control devices; it is not inverted and free to oscillate. The robot actuation mode is insured by the potential energy of the internal devices. It has two actuators and the free oscillation of the pendulum is mechanically controlled. The robot mechanical structure, the kinematics, the dynamics are given.
An Evolutionary Approach to Tuning a Multi-Agent System for Autonomous Adaptive Control of a Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicle
Authors: Michal Podhradsky  , Garrison Greenwood 
Published: September 2016

Biomimetic flapping wing vehicles have attracted recent interest because of their numerous potential military and civilian applications. In this paper, we describe an evolutionary approach to tuning a Multi-Agent System for autonomous adaptive control of a Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicle. The wings of the vehicle are controlled by a split cycle oscillator, which combined with non-linearities and differences between each vehicle, brings significant challenge for selecting the proper parameters for the control system. Adopting a Neo-Darwinistic evolutionary approach, where solutions are evolved in a similar manner as in nature, allows us to precisely learn control parameters for each vehicle. After describing the evolution algorithm and evolving the control parameters, we utilize these values for autonomous waypoint following by the micro air vehicle.
Smartphone use can be addictive? A case report
Authors: Körmendi Attila , Brutóczki Zita , Végh Bianka Petra , Székely Rita
Published: September 2016

Background and aims

The use of mobile phones has become an integral part of everyday life. Young people in particular can be observed using their smartphones constantly, and they not only make or receive calls but also use different applications or just tap touch screens for several minutes at a time. The opportunities provided by smartphones are attractive, and the cumulative time of using smartphones per day is very high for many people, so the question arises whether we can really speak of a mobile phone addiction? In this study, our aim is to describe and analyze a possible case of smartphone addiction.

Methods

We present the case of Anette, an 18-year-old girl, who is characterized by excessive smartphone use. We compare Anette’s symptoms to Griffiths’s conception of technological addictions, Goodman’s criteria of behavioral addictions, and the DSM-5 criteria of gambling disorder.

Results

Anette fulfills almost all the criteria of Griffiths, Goodman, and the DSM-5, and she spends about 8 hr in a day using her smartphone.

Discussion

Anette’s excessive mobile phone usage includes different types of addictive behaviors: making selfies and editing them for hours, watching movies, surfing on the Internet, and, above all, visiting social sites. The cumulative time of these activities results in a very high level of smartphone use. The device in her case is a tool that provides these activities for her whole day. Most of Anette’s activities with a mobile phone are connected to community sites, so her main problem may be a community site addiction.
Chaos and confusion in DSM-5 diagnosis of Internet Gaming Disorder: Issues, concerns, and recommendations for clarity in the field
Authors: Kuss Daria J. , Griffiths Mark D. , Pontes Halley M.
Published: September 2016

Background

The umbrella term “Internet addiction” has been criticized for its lack of specificity given the heterogeneity of potentially problematic behaviors that can be engaged in online as well as different underlying etiological mechanisms. This has led to the naming of specific online addictions, the most notable being Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD).

Methods

Using the contemporary literature concerning IGD and cognate topics, issues and concerns relating to the concept of IGD are examined.

Results

Internet addiction and IGD are not the same, and distinguishing between the two is conceptually meaningful. Similarly, the diagnosis of IGD as proposed in the appendix of the latest (fifth) edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) remains vague regarding whether or not games need to be engaged in online, stating that IGD typically involves specific Internet games, but can also include offline games, adding to the lack of clarity. A number of authors have voiced concerns regarding the viability of including the word “Internet” in IGD, and instead proposed to use the term “video gaming disorder” or simply “gaming disorder,” suggesting addiction to video gaming can also occur offline.

Conclusion

The DSM-5 has caused more confusion than clarity regarding the disorder, reflected by researchers in the field contesting a supposedly reached consensus for IGD diagnosis.