bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asthma prevalence based on the Baidu index and China's Health Statistical Yearbook from 2011 to 2020 in China
Authors: Li Yahui , Wang Ping , Shao Xuekun , Peng Fulai , Lv Danyang , Du Haitao , Wang Yi , Wang Xingchen , Wu Fengxia , Chen Cai
Published: October 2023

Background

Due to environmental pollution, changes in lifestyle, and advancements in diagnostic technology, the prevalence of asthma has been increasing over the years. Although China has made early efforts in asthma epidemiology and prevention, there is still a lack of unified and comprehensive epidemiological research within the country. The objective of the study is to determine the nationwide prevalence distribution of asthma using the Baidu Index and China's Health Statistical Yearbook.

Methods

Based on China's Health Statistical Yearbook, we analyzed the gender and age distribution of asthma in China from 2011 to 2020, as well as the length of hospitalization and associated costs. By utilizing the Baidu Index and setting the covering all 31 provinces and autonomous regions in China, we obtained the Baidu Index for the keyword 'asthma'. Heatmaps and growth ratios described the prevalence and growth of asthma in mainland China.

Results

The average expenditure for discharged asthma (standard deviation) patients was ¥5,870 (808). The average length of stay (standard deviation) was 7.9 (0.38) days. During the period of 2011 to 2020, hospitalization expenses for asthma increased while the length of hospital stay decreased. The proportion of discharged patients who were children under the age of 5 were 25.3% (2011), 19.4% (2012), 16% (2013), 17.9% (2014), 13.9% (2015), 11.3% (2016), 10.2% (2017), 9.4% (2018), 8.1% (2019), and 7.2% (2020), respectively. The prevalence of asthma among boys was higher than girls before the age of 14. In contrast, the proportion of women with asthma was larger than men after the age of 14. During the period from 2011 to 2020, the median [The first quartile (Q1)-the third quartile (Q3)] daily asthma Baidu index in Guangdong, Beijing, Jiangsu, Sichuan, and Zhejiang were 419 (279–476), 328 (258–376), 315 (227–365), 272 (166–313), and 312 (233–362) respectively. Coastal regions showed higher levels of attention toward asthma, indicating a higher incidence rate. Since 2014, there has been a rapid increase in the level of attention toward asthma, with the provinces of Qinghai, Sichuan, and Guangdong experiencing the fastest growth.

Conclusion

There are regional variations in the prevalence of asthma among different provinces in China, and the overall prevalence of asthma is increasing.
Green physical activity for leisure connects perceived residential greenspace and mental well-being
Authors: Li Hansen , Li Yun , Wang Zhenhuan , Zhang Guodong
Published: October 2023

Physical activity serves as a pivotal mediator in previous theoretical frameworks that link greenspace and human health. However, it remains unclear whether the domain of physical activity within and around greenspaces can alter the pathway. The present study recruited 668 participants online and examined a conceptual framework that explores the associations between residential greenspace and mental well-being, with a particular focus on the mediation effect of green physical activity (physical activity undertaken in and around greenspaces). Moreover, socio-demographic characteristics, including gender, age, household income, education status, marital status, and student status, were controlled for during the examination. The investigated green physical activities included leisure activities, transportation walking, and transportation cycling, and they were measured by a pre-established questionnaire. Meanwhile, mental well-being was measured by the WHO-5 well-being index, and residential greenspace was indicated by self-reported perceived greenspace and mean Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values within 500 meters (m) of residential radius. We found that both perceived greenspace (B = 1.852, p < 0.001) and NDVI 500 m (B = 3.230, p = 0.038) were positively associated with mental well-being. However, only perceived greenspace, not NDVI 500 m, exhibited positive associations with the three green physical activity items. Furthermore, only green physical activity for leisure (B = 0.223, p < 0.001), not for transportation (p > 0.05), mediated the relationship between perceived greenspace and mental well-being. Our findings reinforce previous studies on “greenspace-health” frameworks and underline the importance of leisure physical activity in promoting mental well-being.
Post-COVID-19 fatigue and health-related quality of life in Saudi Arabia: a population-based study
Authors: Al-Johani Moath S. , Khalil Rehana , Al-Mohaimeed Yazeed A. , Al-Mundarij Omar M. , Al-Samani Abdulmajeed S. , Al-saqry Osama S. , Al-saawi Alwaleed A. , Al-dhali Ibrahim K. , Al-Essa Waleed A.
Published: October 2023

Background

Despite substantial literature on symptoms and long-term health implications associated with COVID-19; prevalence and determinants of post-acute COVID-19 fatigue (PCF) remain largely elusive and understudied, with scant research documenting health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Hence, prevalence of PCF and its associated factors, and HRQoL among those who have survived Covid-19 within the general population of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is the subject under examination in this research.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 2063 individuals, selected from the KSA’s general population, using a non-probability sampling approach. An online survey was used to employ a self-administered questionnaire to the participants, which included socio-demographic information, the patient’s COVID-19 infection history, 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) to assess quality of life, and Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFS) (CFQ 11) to evaluate the extent and severity of fatigue. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. A p < 0.05 was considered to be strong evidence against the null hypothesis.

Results

The median age of participants was 34 (IQR = 22) years, with females comprising the majority (66.2%). According to the SF-12 questionnaire, 91.2% of patients experienced physical conditions, and 77% experienced depression. The prevalence of PCF was 52% on CFQ 11 scale. Female gender, higher levels of education, a pre-existing history of chronic disease, as well as the manifestations of shortness of breath and confusion during acute COVID-19 infection, were identified as independent predictors of fatigue.

Conclusion

To facilitate timely and effective intervention for post-acute COVID-19 fatigue, it is essential to continuously monitor the individuals who have recovered from acute COVID-19 infection. Also, it is critical to raise health-education among these patients to improve their quality of life. Future research is required to determine whether COVID-19 survivors would experience fatigue for an extended duration and the impact of existing interventions on its prevalence and severity.
Exploring hepatitis E virus seroprevalence and associated risk factors among the human population in Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Rivero Mariana Alejandra , Arce Lorena Paola , Gutiérrez Silvina Elena , Tisnés Adela , Passucci Juan Antonio , Silva Julia Analia , Barón Prato Ayelén , Sánchez Florencia , Matias Brancher Julia , Estein Silvia Marcela , Vizoso-Pinto María Guadalupe
Published: October 2023

Background

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a common cause of acute clinical hepatitis worldwide and is emerging as a disease in Argentina. It is primarily transmitted through contaminated water and food, following the fecal-oral route. Furthermore, is a zoonotic disease with swine as the primary reservoir. Prevalence of HEV infection in humans in several regions of Argentina remains unknown.

Objectives

(i) Determine the seroprevalence of HEV among the human population in Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina; (ii) Evaluate its association with demographic, socioeconomic and other risk exposures variables, and (iii) Describe and analyze spatial patterns related to HEV infection.

Methods

From August 2020 to July 2021, serum samples were collected from 969 individuals aged 1–80 years. Seroprevalence and 95% Confidence Interval was determined. To assess the factors associated with the presence of anti-HEV antibodies, associations between the variables and seropositivity were evaluated through bivariate and multivariate analysis. Spatial scanning for clusters of positivity was carried out. Factors associated with these clusters were also assessed.

Results

Anti-HEV antibodies were detected in 4.64% (IC 95% 3.27–6.02) of samples. Dark urine was associated with seropositivity (p = 0.02). Seropositivity was linked with the presence of natural water courses near their households (p = 0.02); the age (p = 0.04); and previous travel to Europe (p = 0.04). A spatial cluster of low rates of HEV seropositivity was detected, with greater distance of the households to water courses associated to the cluster, and male sex inversely associated to it.

Discussion and conclusion

This study is the first study to investigate the prevalence of HEV in the population from Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Considering HEV infection in the differential diagnosis in individuals presenting acute hepatitis is highlighted. The incorporation of HEV testing into blood screening policies should be mandatory. Factors related to the infection and spatial patterns of high and low risk were determined, and should be considered when implementing specific preventive measures.
Impact of COVID-19 on fish and crustacean export from China with building resilient food system through China's lens
Authors: Nisar Ubair , Zhang Zhixin , Cui Zhaocai , Mu Yongtong , Zhang Hongzhi
Published: October 2023

For China's fish and crustacean trade globally, the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in 2020 has posed previously unprecedented challenges. This study investigates these concerns by analyzing China's fish and crustacean export activities and correlating the shift in trade throughout the pre-pandemic and pandemic phases. Despite the numerous factors for the changing trade, this research attempts to explain those related to the pandemic and coping mechanisms. The investigation is supported by and linked to a conceptual framework for the resilience of the perishable agricultural food system by China during the pandemic. The results indicated that fish and crustacean exports from China decreased as the incidence of infections increased both globally and within the country. Trade with important markets including Japan, Korea, and the United States was badly affected by the outbreak. While shipments to Korea saw the fastest growth throughout the pandemic, the monthly growth rate of fish exports to the USA was the lowest. However, China's fish and crustacean trade recovered well after the epidemic, with faster growth rates and lower instability. The pandemic even resulted in a decrease in the unit value realized for all fish and crustacean commodities. The government's long-term efforts to ensure food security and prompt policy responses during the outbreak have demonstrated that China's food system can endure and rebound from perturbations. China's “green route” for perishable agricultural goods in the domestic market and prohibition on illegal obstructions serve as examples of how to maintain supply flow during an outbreak.
Measuring livelihood resilience of farmers and diagnosing obstacle factors under the impact of COVID-19 in Jiangsu Province, China
Authors: Hu Chao , Dong Jiayun
Published: October 2023

Research on livelihood resilience not only helps to understand the adverse impact of COVID-19 on farmers' livelihoods, but also helps to formulate concrete actions to enhance the resilience of farmers' livelihoods and support economic recovery. Taking rural residents in Jiangsu Province of China as an example, this paper uses one-way ANOVA, entropy method and obstacle degree models to quantitatively analyze the characteristics of livelihood resilience of different types of farmers and the main obstacle factors. The main findings are as follows: (1) Both laboring type and part-time type farmers together accounted for 75.98% of the survey sample, and the non-agricultural phenomenon of farming households in Jiangsu Province is obvious; There are significant differences in livelihood characteristics among different types of farmers, with relatively high livelihood capital for planting and breeding type farmers and relatively low livelihood capital for asset and subsidy type farmers. (2) The livelihood resilience of farmers in Jiangsu Province from high to low is breeding type farmers (0.501), planting type farmers (0.493), laboring type farmers (0.465), part-time type farmers (0.455), subsidy type farmers (0.400), asset type farmers (0.389). (3) In the diagnosis of barrier factors of livelihood resilience, buffer ability disorder is the most obvious, learning ability disorder is the second, and self-organization ability disorder is the last; Among the specific factors, the most important obstacle factors for planting, breeding and asset type farmers are the number of productive assets, the number of agricultural technical services for laboring type farmers, the number of channels for obtaining information for part-time type farmers, and the family labor income for subsidy type farmers. Therefore, it is recommended that policies be improved in the post-epidemic era in terms of raising farmers' livelihood capital, developing knowledge and skills for learning, and enhancing organizational awareness.
Risk factors for postoperative cervical haematoma in patients undergoing thyroidectomy: a retrospective, multicenter, international analysis (REDHOT study)
Authors: Canu Gian Luigi , Medas Fabio , Cappellacci Federico , Rossi Leonardo , Gjeloshi Benard , Sessa Luca , Pennestrì Francesco , Djafarrian Reza , Mavromati Maria , Kotsovolis George , Pliakos Ioannis , Di Filippo Giacomo , Lazzari Giovanni , Vaccaro Carla , Izzo Martina , Boi Francesco , Brazzarola Paolo , Feroci Francesco , Demarchi Marco Stefano , Papavramidis Theodossios , Materazzi Gabriele , Raffaelli Marco , Calò Pietro Giorgio ,   REDHOT Study Collaborative Group
Published: October 2023

Background

Postoperative cervical haematoma represents an infrequent but potentially life-threatening complication of thyroidectomy. Since this complication is uncommon, the assessment of risk factors associated with its development is challenging. The main aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for its occurrence.

Methods

Patients undergoing thyroidectomy in seven high-volume thyroid surgery centers in Europe, between January 2020 and December 2022, were retrospectively analysed. Based on the onset of cervical haematoma, two groups were identified: Cervical Haematoma (CH) Group and No Cervical Haematoma (NoCH) Group. Univariate analysis was performed to compare these two groups. Moreover, employing multivariate analysis, all potential independent risk factors for the development of this complication were assessed.

Results

Eight thousand eight hundred and thirty-nine patients were enrolled: 8,561 were included in NoCH Group and 278 in CH Group. Surgical revision of haemostasis was performed in 70 (25.18%) patients. The overall incidence of postoperative cervical haematoma was 3.15% (0.79% for cervical haematomas requiring surgical revision of haemostasis, and 2.35% for those managed conservatively). The timing of onset of cervical haematomas requiring surgical revision of haemostasis was within six hours after the end of the operation in 52 (74.28%) patients. Readmission was necessary in 3 (1.08%) cases. At multivariate analysis, male sex (P < 0.001), older age (P < 0.001), higher BMI (P = 0.021), unilateral lateral neck dissection (P < 0.001), drain placement (P = 0.007), and shorter operative times (P < 0.001) were found to be independent risk factors for cervical haematoma.

Conclusions

Based on our findings, we believe that patients with the identified risk factors should be closely monitored in the postoperative period, particularly during the first six hours after the operation, and excluded from outpatient surgery.
Determination of Lipids and Fatty Acids in Green Coffee Beans (Coffea arabica L.) Harvested in Different Agroclimatic Zones of the Department of Quindío, Colombia
Authors: Echeverri-Giraldo Luz Fanny , Pinzón Fandiño Magda Ivone , González Cadavid Lina María , Rodriguez Marín Nelson David , Moreno Ríos Dayana Alexandra , Osorio Pérez Valentina
Published: October 2023

The objective of this work was to quantify and characterize the lipid fraction of coffee beans grown in different agroclimatic zones of the department of Quindío, seeking to provide coffee growers with useful information about the coffee produced on their farms and the ability to determine coffee quality and sensory attributes. The lipid extraction process was carried out using two different methods: Soxhlet and Soxtec. The bias was established through concordance analysis using the Bland–Altman test to determine the correlation between the two extraction methods. The final results were compared for each agroclimatic zone, and no significant differences were found between the values for average lipid content of the coffee, which varied between 12.01% and 12.90%. When characterizing the profile of fatty acids present in the lipid fraction of coffee using the technique of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, it was evidenced that the major acids present in the green coffee bean were linoleic acid and palmitic acid, with an average content between 39.83–40.83% and 36.92–37.90%, respectively, and that these fatty acid contents presented statistically significant differences in areas with higher elevations, higher relative humidity and less sunlight (zones 3 and 4). Stearic acid presented differences in all of the agroclimatic zones.
Drought Stress Affects Spectral Separation of Maize Infested by Western Corn Rootworm
Authors: Peron-Danaher Raquel , Cotrozzi Lorenzo , Masjedi Ali , Enders Laramy S. , Krupke Christian H. , Mickelbart Michael V. , Couture John J.
Published: October 2023

Root-feeding herbivores present challenges for insect scouting due to the reliance on aboveground visual cues. These challenges intensify in multi-stress environments, where one stressor can mask another. Pre-visual identification of plant stress offers promise in addressing this issue. Hyperspectral data have emerged as a measurement able to identify plant stress before visible symptoms appear. The effectiveness of spectral data to identify belowground stressors using aboveground vegetative measurements, however, remains poorly understood, particularly in multi-stress environments. We investigated the potential of hyperspectral data to detect Western corn rootworm (WCR; Diabrotica virgifera virgirefa) infestations in resistant and susceptible maize genotypes in the presence and absence of drought. Under well-watered conditions, the spectral profiles separated between WCR treatments, but the presence of drought eliminated spectral separation. The foliar spectral profiles separated under drought conditions, irrespective of WCR presence. Spectral data did not classify WCR well; drought was well classified, and the presence of drought further reduced WCR classification accuracy. We found that multiple plant traits were not affected by WCR but were negatively affected by drought. Our study highlights the possibility of detecting WCR and drought stress in maize using hyperspectral data but highlights limitations of the approach for assessing plant health in multi-stress conditions.
The Challenge of Global Warming in Water Buffalo Farming: Physiological and Behavioral Aspects and Strategies to Face Heat Stress
Authors: Napolitano Fabio , De Rosa Giuseppe , Chay-Canul Alfonso , Álvarez-Macías Adolfo , Pereira Alfredo M. F. , Bragaglio Andrea , Mora-Medina Patricia , Rodríguez-González Daniela , García-Herrera Ricardo , Hernández-Ávalos Ismael , Domínguez-Oliva Adriana , Pacelli Corrado , Sabia Emilio , Casas-Alvarado Alejandro , Reyes-Sotelo Brenda , Braghieri Ada
Published: October 2023

Water buffaloes have morphological and behavioral characteristics for efficient thermoregulation. However, their health, welfare, and productive performance can be affected by GW. The objective of this review was to analyze the adverse effects of GW on the productive behavior and health of water buffaloes. The physiological, morphological, and behavioral characteristics of the species were discussed to understand the impact of climate change and extreme meteorological events on buffaloes’ thermoregulation. In addition, management strategies in buffalo farms, as well as the use of infrared thermography as a method to recognize heat stress in water buffaloes, were addressed. We concluded that heat stress causes a change in energy mobilization to restore animal homeostasis. Preventing hyperthermia limits the physiological, endocrine, and behavioral changes so that they return to thermoneutrality. The use of fans, sprinklers, foggers, and natural sources of water are appropriate additions to current buffalo facilities, and infrared thermography could be used to monitor the thermal states of water buffaloes.
Unravelling the Role of Vegetation Dynamics in the Execution of ArcSWAT Hydrological Modeling for Cumulative Streamflow of a Tibetan Watershed
Authors: Hakeem Samreen Abdul , Hu Tiesong , Yasir Muhammad
Published: October 2023

Monitoring vegetation change and hydrological variation is crucial as they are useful means of appraising the ecological environment and managing water resources in water-resource-sensitive regions. The leaf area index (LAI) describes water consumption in hydrologic processes and is an important vegetation variable for water budgeting in catchments. As part of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), LAI is a significant parameter, which links vegetation dynamics with the hydrological cycle. In the current study, we have aimed to describe the Lhasa River (LR) cumulative streamflow based on simulation scenarios obtained with the SWAT model. After dispensing a heterogeneous LAI time series developed by MODIS NDVI as a source of data at the HRU level (SWAT-synthetic LAI scenario), the study has produced a better representation of LR cumulative streamflow in terms of the selected evaluation criteria, encompassing the SWAT-baseline (SWAT-B scenario)-simulated and SWAT-built-in LAI-influenced (SWAT-LAI scenario) LR cumulative streamflow. The study has revealed a close relationship between the observed and the SWAT-SLAI-scenario-generated LR streamflow, with a similar MK trend for the study time span. The LAI has been found to share a close relationship with LR streamflow, as both the LAI and LR streamflow are found to be influenced by the rainfall received in the Lhasa River Basin (LRB). The study is instrumental in understanding the association between LR streamflow, vegetation change, and the climatic conditions of the Lhasa River Basin (LRB).
Impact of Autoimmune Gastritis on Occurrence of Metachronous Gastric Neoplasms after Endoscopic Resection for Gastric Neoplasms
Authors: Kang Donghoon , Lim Chul-Hyun , Kim Jin Su , Cho Yu Kyung , Park Jae Myung , Choi Myung-Gyu
Published: October 2023

Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is characterized by antibody production against the gastric parietal cells, reducing the number of functional parietal cells. It is also associated with an increased susceptibility to gastric neuroendocrine tumors and gastric cancer. Endoscopic resection (ER) is an effective treatment for early gastric cancer; however, metachronous gastric neoplasms (MGN) can develop. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effect of AIG on the occurrence of MGN after ER for gastric neoplasms. We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent ER for gastric neoplasms. Patients with multiple lesions, recurrent lesions, or a history of partial gastrectomy were excluded. The presence of AIG was determined using anti-parietal cell antibody (APCA) testing. Follow-up endoscopy and metachronous tumor occurrence rates were compared between the AIG and non-AIG groups. Of the 569 patients, 282 underwent APCA testing and 20 (7.1%) were diagnosed with AIG. The incidence of MGN was significantly higher in the AIG group than in the non-AIG group (45.0% vs. 18.3%); however, the MGN occurrence pattern was similar between the two groups. Multivariate analysis revealed that AIG (HR 3.32, 95% CI 1.55–7.10, p = 0.002) and a higher body mass index (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.06–1.27, p = 0.002) were independent factors significantly associated with the occurrence of MGN. Patients with AIG have a higher risk of metachronous lesion occurrence after ER for gastric neoplasms. Positive results of APCA testing have independent clinical implications for predicting MGN. Proper monitoring and management are essential for early detection and treatment of recurrent lesions in patients with AIG.
Integration of Passivated Gold Mirrors into Microfabricated Alkali Vapor Cells
Authors: Wittkämper Florian , Scholtes Theo , Linzen Sven , Ziegler Mario , Stolz Ronny
Published: October 2023

Measurements of weak magnetic fields demand a small distance between the sensor and the to-be-measured object. Optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) utilize laser light and the Zeeman effect in alkali vapor cells to measure those fields. OPMs can be used in transmission or reflection geometry. A minimization of the distance between active volume and magnetized source calls for reflection geometry with integrated mirrors. Unfortunately, cesium reacts chemically with most materials, especially high-performing materials, such as gold. Herein, we show the first functional OPM cell using a gold mirror inside the cell. We fabricated the gold mirrors with and without a passivation layer in order to evaluate the feasibility of expanding on the limited list of possible mirror materials. A comparison of this implementation revealed that mirrors without a passivation layer only reach a reflectivity of about 6% while mirrors with a passivation layer retain reflectivity values of about 90% in the visible light to near-infrared spectrum. This result and the proof of elemental cesium in the alkali vapor cell demonstrates the feasibility of passivated gold mirrors for applications in alkali vapor cells for OPMs.
Optimizing Experimental Immersion Protocol for SEBS Coating Formation on Copper Surfaces Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Masmoudi Fatma , Mallah Abdulrahman , Masmoudi Mohamed
Published: October 2023

Polystyrene-block-poly (ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene (SEBS) was successfully deposited on the copper surface with an optimal condition of immersion protocol. Response surface methodology (RSM), particularly Box–Behnken Design (BBD), was used to study the combination of three environmental factors that minimize corrosion rate (CR), evaluated by voltammetry around the open circuit potential (OCP). The BBD analysis calculates the contribution value of each parameter in changing the value of the CR in both individual and synergistic cases. The optimized parameters were found to be 2.17% of SEBS ratio, 20 min of immersion time 1, and 21 min of immersion time 2. The empirical model result was confirmed by studying the electrochemical behavior of the SEBS coating on copper under optimal conditions (Cu-SEBS-Opt-Cond) exposed in a 3 wt% NaCl solution.
Residual Stress Testing and Simulation Analysis of Crystal Structures of Electronic Device Materials
Authors: Chen Ming , Li Jiasheng , Su Wei , Nie Zhenhua , Zhong Butian , Dong Xianshan
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we analyze the residual stress of different components of the crystal structures of electronic device materials following exposure to elevated temperatures using a combination of experimental tests and finite element simulations. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and LXRD micro-area residual stress analyzer were employed to determine the residual strain and stress of the CBGA sample encapsulation cover and solder joints. Subsequently, the experimental data were utilized to verify the accuracy of the simulation. The discrepancy between experimental measurements and simulation outcomes of the residual stress following reflow soldering of CBGA-assembled micro-solder joints is below 14%. The analysis also included thermal warping deformation of the CBGA encapsulation cover and how the residual stress was influenced by the diameter, spacing, and height of the solder joints. The study reveals that the residual stress following reflow soldering of BGA solder joints is non-uniformly distributed within the array. Within a single solder joint, residual stress gradually increases in distribution from its middle to the point where it make contact with the PCB and chip, with the highest level of residual stress observed where the solder joint contacts the chip. The variation in material parameters, such as the coefficient of thermal expansion, is the primary cause of thermal warping deformation on the surface of CBGA encapsulation covers. Three primary factors significantly impact the residual stress on BGA solder joints: solder joint diameter, spacing, and height. The maximum value is inversely proportional to the height of the solder joints and the residual stress. Conversely, the diameter and spacing of the joints are positively proportional to the highest value. When the diameter of the solder joint is increased from 0.55 mm to 0.75 mm, the maximum residual stress in the BGA solder joint increases from 37.243 MPa to 36.835 MPa. Conversely, increasing the height of the solder joint from 0.36 mm to 0.44 mm reduces the stress from 39.776 MPa to 36.835 MPa.
Predicting Ecologically Suitable Areas of Cotton Cultivation Using the MaxEnt Model in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Li Lingling , Wu Hongqi , Gao Yimin , Zhang Sance
Published: October 2023

Cultivating cotton and sustaining its productivity are challenging in temperate arid regions around the globe. Exploring suitable cotton cultivation areas to improve productivity in such climatic regions is essential. Thus, this study explores the ecologically suitable areas for cotton cultivation using the MaxEnt model, having 375 distribution points of long-staple cotton and various factors, including 19 climatic factors, 2 terrain factors, and 6 soil factors in Xinjiang. The area under the curve (AUC) of the predicted results was greater than 0.9, indicating that the model’s predictions had fairly high accuracy. However, the main environmental factors that affected the cotton’s growth were the lowest temperature in the coldest month, the hottest month, the precipitation in the driest season, and the monthly average temperature difference. Further, the temperature factors contributed 71%, while the contribution ratio of terrain and soil factors was only 22%. The research indicated that the current planting area was consistent with the predicted area in many areas of the study. Still, some areas, such as the Turpan region northwest of Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, are supposed to be suitable for planting cotton, but it is not planted. The current potential distribution area of long-staple cotton is mainly located in Aksu Prefecture and the northern part of the Kashgar Prefecture region. The climatic prediction shows that the growing area of long-staple cotton may expand to southern Altay, central Aksu, and Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture. This study will be helpful for cotton cultivation suitability areas in Xinjiang and other regions with similar environments.
Development of Professional Foreign Language Competence of Economics Students with MOOCs during the Pandemic
Authors: Zubkov Artyom
Published: October 2023

Delving into the realm of massive open online courses (MOOCs), this investigation scrutinizes their role in enriching the professional language proficiency of economics undergraduates amidst a global coronavirus crisis. The research pivots on assessing the efficacy of MOOCs within higher learning curriculums while shedding light on the benefits and drawbacks of such an approach. The methodologies employed encompassed the analysis and interpretation of data derived from student polls and statistical analysis of yielded outcomes. The findings shed light on MOOCs as a potent instrument for honing language prowess and enriching the professional linguistic expertise of budding economists. The language experiment was participated in by a group of 34 students and their responses have been collated and interpreted as proposed guidelines for future reference. The participants notably appreciated the video-lecture format and exposure to native speakers’ elocution. However, the study did not shy away from spotlighting certain limitations such as complexities in platform navigation and the difficulties of watching videos without subtitles. To optimize MOOC utilization, a series of recommendations were drawn up. These included offering choices to students, simplifying platform navigation, extending support during challenges, and bolstering speaking abilities. This exploration holds valuable insights not just for educators and students but also for academic institutions at large, offering hands-on data regarding the perks and pitfalls of employing MOOCs to cultivate professional foreign language competence within the field of economic education.
Towards Cleaner Cities: An Analysis of the Impact of Bus Fleet Decomposition on PM and NOX Emissions Reduction in Sustainable Public Transport
Authors: Jaworski Artur , Mateichyk Vasyl , Kuszewski Hubert , Mądziel Maksymilian , Woś Paweł , Babiarz Bożena , Śmieszek Mirosław , Porada Sławomir
Published: October 2023

The problem of poor air quality in urban areas has a negative impact on the health of residents. This is especially important during periods of smog. In Poland, as in other countries, the problem of poor air quality, especially during the winter season, is associated with a high concentration of particulate pollutants in ambient air (PM10, PM2.5). Sources of particulate emissions, in addition to solid-fuel boilers, include means of transportation, especially those equipped with diesel engines. In turn, during periods of strong sunshine (spring and summer), the problem of photochemical smog, whose precursors are nitrogen oxides NOX, arises in urban areas. Their main sources of emissions are internal combustion engines. Therefore, to improve air quality in urban areas, changes are being made in the transport sector, among which is upgrading the fleet of urban transport vehicles to low- or zero-emission vehicles, which are more environmentally friendly. In addition, measures that reduce the harmfulness of the transportation sector to air quality include the introduction of clean transportation zones, as well as park-and-ride (P&R) systems. The purpose of this article is to present the results in terms of PM10, PM2.5, and NOx emission reductions, implemented over a period of two years (2021–2022) in the area of the Rzeszow agglomeration, related to the modernization of the suburban bus fleet and the implementation of a P&R system for passenger cars. The results of the study were compared with the value of estimated emissions from coal-fired boilers used for residential heating and hot water, which also contribute to smog. Thanks to the implementation of the project, i.e., the replacement of 52 old buses with new buses of the Euro VI emission class and the construction of new P&R spaces, the total average annual reduction in emissions amounted to approximately 703.6 kg of PM10, approximately 692.7 kg of PM2.5, and a reduction of approximately 10.4 tons of NOX.
Remote Monitoring of Amur Tigers in Forest Ecosystems Using Improved YOLOX Algorithm
Authors: Xie Yonghua , Yu Wenhua
Published: October 2023

In response to the challenge of collecting behavioral data on Amur tigers living in forests, a remote real-time data collection approach is proposed. In this article, a novel attention mechanism named CBAM-E is introduced, and CBAM-E as well as the CIoU loss function are incorporated into the YOLOX object detection algorithm, resulting in a new YOLOX model. The new model demonstrates significant performance improvements over the original model, with the mAP0.5 detection accuracy metric rising from 97.32 to 98.18%, indicating a boost of 0.86%, and the mAP0.75 metric increasing from 75.10 to 78.70%, marking an enhancement of 3.60%. The enhanced algorithm is subsequently applied to remote terminal information collection, offering a reference for detection algorithms in the study of wild behaviors of Amur tigers in forests, biodiversity conservation, and the collection of related field data about Amur tigers in the wild.
The Price of Growing Up in a Low-Income Neighborhood: A Scoping Review of Associated Depressive Symptoms and Other Mood Disorders among Children and Adolescents
Authors: Wood Bethany M. , Cubbin Catherine , Rubalcava Hernandez Esmeralda J. , DiNitto Diana M. , Vohra-Gupta Shetal , Baiden Philip , Mueller Elizabeth J.
Published: October 2023

Neighborhoods, as built and social environments, have significant implications for mental health. Children raised in high-poverty neighborhoods, who are disproportionately Black, Indigenous, and people of color, have a greater risk of adverse life outcomes. Neighborhood gentrification is also salient when examining mental health outcomes as neighborhood economic contexts shift around a child. This review scopes, describes, synthesizes, and critiques the existing literature on the relationship between neighborhood poverty/gentrification and mood disorder symptoms among children ages 3–17 in the United States (U.S.). Given the history of structural racism in the creation of U.S. neighborhoods, inclusion criteria required that study samples be racially diverse. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for scoping reviews, seven databases and grey literature were searched; 17 studies were included (total n = 122,089). Fourteen studies found significant associations between neighborhood poverty/gentrification and child depression. Three longitudinal studies found significant results suggesting that childhood neighborhood poverty/gentrification may have a lagged effect, with depression emerging later in life. Neighborhood poverty and gentrification require further examination as social determinants of mental health. Researchers should examine neighborhood poverty and gentrification as social determinants of mental health. Policies that reduce neighborhood economic disparities are needed across the U.S.
Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Legionella Water Management Program Performance across a United States Lodging Organization
Authors: Kunz Jasen M. , Hannapel Elizabeth , Vander Kelen Patrick , Hils Janie , Hoover Edward Rickamer , Edens Chris
Published: October 2023

Legionella, the bacterium that causes Legionnaires’ disease, can grow and spread in building water systems and devices. The COVID-19 pandemic impacted building water systems through reductions in water usage. Legionella growth risk factors can be mitigated through control measures, such as flushing, to address stagnation, as part of a water management program (WMP). A national lodging organization (NLO) provided WMP data, including Legionella environmental testing results for periods before and during the pandemic. The statistical analysis revealed an increased risk of water samples testing positive for Legionella during the pandemic, with the greatest increase in risk observed at the building’s cold-water entry test point. Sample positivity did not vary by season, highlighting the importance of year-round Legionella control activities. The NLO’s flushing requirements may have prevented an increased risk of Legionella growth during the pandemic. However, additional control measures may be needed for some facilities that experience Legionella detections. This analysis provides needed evidence for the use of flushing to mitigate the impacts of building water stagnation, as well as the value of routine Legionella testing for WMP validation. Furthermore, this report reinforces the idea that WMPs remain the optimal tool to reduce the risk of Legionella growth and spread in building water systems.
New Advances in Gastroenterology: The Crucial Role of Molecular Medicine
Authors: Candelli Marcello , Franceschi Francesco
Published: October 2023

The significant progress we have recently observed in the field of gastroenterology, both in the understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms and in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, is closely related to the improvement and discovery of new biomolecular techniques [...]
IL-6 and Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio as Markers of ICU Admittance in SARS-CoV-2 Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Făgărășan Iulia , Rusu Adriana , Comșa Horațiu , Simu Tudor-Dan , Vulturar Damiana-Maria , Todea Doina-Adina
Published: October 2023

Inflammation along with coagulation disturbances has an essential role in the evolution towards a severe disease in patients with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to evaluate inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers when predicting the need to visit an intensive care unit (ICU) in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. In a retrospective study, laboratory parameters were examined for 366 participants: ICU = 90, of which 44 patients had DM and no ICU admittance = 276. The ability of inflammatory and coagulation markers to distinguish the severity of COVID-19 was determined using univariate and multivariate regression analysis. In all patients, lactate dehydrogenase was the only predictor for ICU admittance in the multivariate analysis. In the DM group, the results showed that the interleukin (IL)-6 and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) values at admission could predict the need for ICU admittance. Even though there were significant differences between the ICU and no ICU admittance groups regarding the coagulation markers, they could not predict the severity of the disease in DM patients. The present study showed for the first time that the IL-6 and NLR admission values could predict ICU admittance in DM patients. This finding could help clinicians manage the infection more easily if the COVID-19 pandemic strikes again.
Prebiotics and Probiotics: Therapeutic Tools for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Mijangos-Trejo Alejandra , Nuño-Lambarri Natalia , Barbero-Becerra Varenka , Uribe-Esquivel Misael , Vidal-Cevallos Paulina , Chávez-Tapia Norberto
Published: October 2023

Alterations in the gut–liver axis and changes in the gut microbiome are among the risk factors for the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). These patients show increased bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine and impaired intestinal permeability. Therefore, therapeutic options such as probiotics or prebiotics have been investigated to modulate intestinal microbiota composition to improve NAFLD. Most in vivo and in vitro probiotic studies have focused on reducing hepatic fat accumulation. The beneficial effects of probiotics on NAFLD have been demonstrated in animal models, and the most widely used microorganisms are those of the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera. In animal models, probiotics help restore the intestinal microbiota and improve the integrity of the intestinal barrier. This narrative review summarizes published evidence and the likely benefits of probiotics and prebiotics as a therapeutic option for patients with NAFLD.
Sex Influence on Autophagy Markers and miRNAs in Basal and Angiotensin II-Treated Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
Authors: Franconi Flavia , Capobianco Giampiero , Diana Giuseppe , Lodde Valeria , De Donno Alberto , Idda Maria Laura , Montella Andrea , Campesi Ilaria
Published: October 2023

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) display many sex and gender differences, and endothelial dysfunction, angiotensin II (Ang II), and autophagy represent key factors in the autophagic process Therefore, we studied whether Ang II modulates the mentioned processes in a sex-specific way in HUVECs obtained from healthy male and female newborns. In basal HUVECs, the Parkin gene and protein were higher in FHUVECs than in MHUVECs, while the Beclin-1 protein was more expressed in MHUVECs, and no other significant differences were detected. Ang II significantly increases LAMP-1 and p62 protein expression and decreases the expression of Parkin protein in comparison to basal in MHUVECs. In FHUVECs, Ang II significantly increases the expression of Beclin-1 gene and protein, and Parkin gene. The LC3 II/I ratio and LAMP-1 protein were significantly higher in MHUVECs than in FHUVECs, while Parkin protein was significantly more expressed in Ang II-treated FHUVECs than in male cells. Ang II affects the single miRNA levels: miR-126-3p and miR-133a-3p are downregulated and upregulated in MHUVECs and FHUVECs, respectively. MiR-223 is downregulated in MHUVEC and FHUVECs. Finally, miR-29b-3p and miR-133b are not affected by Ang II. Ang II effects and the relationship between miRNAs and organelles-specific autophagy is sex-dependent in HUVECs. This could lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying sex differences in endothelial dysfunction, providing useful indications for innovative biomarkers and personalized therapeutic approaches.
Management of Microvascular Bleeding after On-Pump Cardiac Surgery in a Patient with Perioperative Diagnosis of Impairment of Platelet Responses to Adenosine Diphosphate: A Case Report and a Literature Review
Authors: D’Andria Ursoleo Jacopo , Licheri Margherita , Barucco Gaia , Breggion Sara , De Simone Francesco , Monaco Fabrizio
Published: October 2023

Background: Impairment of platelet responses to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is typified by mild to severe bleeding diathesis, easy bruising, excessive mucosal and post-operative bleeding. Patients lack full platelet activation and aggregation in response to ADP. Following research of the literature in Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and the Cochrane Library, we report only 18 patients described to date with impaired platelet response to ADP, none of whom in the high bleeding-risk surgical setting or exploring potential therapeutic options. Data regarding population, putative genetic mutations, modes of inheritance, functional defects, and related clinical manifestations were retrieved from case series and case reports. Case presentation: A 40-year-old woman was scheduled for on-pump cardiac surgery. Her past medical history included episodes of spontaneous mucocutaneous hemorrhages of the mild entity since childhood. Multiple electrode aggregometry (MEA, Multiplate® Roche Diagnostics, Rotkreuz, Switzerland) was used to evaluate platelet response to thrombin-activated peptide-6 (TRAP), arachidonic acid (ASPI), and ADP. An inadequate platelet aggregation induced using a high concentration of ADP with normal TRAP and ASPI tests was detected preoperatively. Therefore, intravenous desmopressin (DVVAP) 0.3 μg/kg body weight was administered to manage microvascular bleeding developed after weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Conclusions: Proper management of impaired platelet response to ADP requires a systematic assessment. The Multiplate analyzer is a valuable tool to promptly detect the disorder when a high clinical suspect is present and obtain insights during high bleeding-risk surgical procedures. DVVAP can be beneficial as first-line therapy in bleeding patients to improve platelet function.