bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Analysis of Stiffness Part for a Electromagnetic High Frequency Fatigue Testing Machine
Authors: Zheng Yan , Zhang Yong , Fan Xiao Wang
Published: June 2014

Aiming at the problem that complex systems mechanical model is difficult to set up and analyze accurately, a certain type of electromagnetic high frequency fatigue tester as engineering background, setting up its mechanical model and carrying on the reasonable simplified. Through analyzing the effect of system mechanical properties causing by system main large stiffness parts, and determining the design principle of the engine's stiffness components, it provides scientific theoretical foundation for the design of this type host.
Gas Permeation Properties and Characterization of Polymer Based Carbon Membrane
Authors: Sazali Norazlianie , Salleh W.N.W. , Harun Zawati , Ismail Ahmad Fauzi
Published: June 2014

Membrane gas separation is a forthcoming technology that advertised a great commercial potential in diverse industrial applications. Consequently, membrane-based natural gas processing has been among the fastest growing segments of the economic growth. The turbostratic structure of carbon membranes has been affirmed to accommodate with good separation selectivity for permanent gases. With that, the most auspicious technique acquired is by controlling the carbonization temperature during the carbon membrane fabrication. In this study, polymer-based carbon tubular membranes have been fabricated and characterized in terms of its structural morphology and gas permeation properties. Polyimide (Matrimid 5218) was used as a precursor for carbon tubular membrane preparation to produce high quality of carbon membrane via carbonization process. The polymer solution was coated on TiO2 –ZrO2 tubular tubes (Tami) by using dip-coating method. The polymer tubular membrane was then carbonized under Nitrogen atmosphere at 600, 750, and 850 ◦C. The structural morphology of the resultant carbon membranes was analyzed by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM). Pure gas permeation tests were performed using CO2 and N2 gases at 8 bars and room temperature. Based on the results, the highest CO2/ N2 selectivity of 79.53 was obtained for carbon membrane prepared at 850 oC.
The Research of Marine Nuclear Power Two Loop Simulation Software Based on the Thermal System Analysis
Authors: Zhang Guo Lei , Jin Xiang Dong , Zhao Zhan , Shi Zhi Jun
Published: June 2014

To study of Nuclear power simulation software's basic functions and mathematical model based on thermal analysis. Describes the two-phase flow model of GSE software superiority, as well as the software optimization program .Use of software tools for normal operating conditions of the simulation calculation and analysis of the results. Comparison with design data shows that,the software use in marine nuclear power two loop system simulation analysis field, the accuracy of it is higher.
Thermal Stability and Smoke Suspension of Cotton Cellulose Modified with Magnesium Complexes
Authors: Wu Fa Chao , Chao Chun Yan , Tian Shuang
Published: June 2014

Complexes of cell-THPC-thiourea-ADP with Mg2+ have been prepared. The thermal stability and smoke suspension of the samples are determined by TG, DTA and cone calorimetry. Experimental data show that for the complexes of cell-THPC-thiourea-ADP with Mg2+, thermal decomposition temperatures are higher than those of cell-THPC-thiourea-ADP, which shows these metal ions can increase the thermal stability of cell-THPC-thiourea-ADP. The cone calorimetry data indicate that the metal ions greatly decrease the smoke, CO and CO2 generation of cell-THPC-thiourea-ADP, which can be used as smoke suppressants. However, there are no obvious effects for these metal ions on heat release of samples.
A New Type of Adjusting Coaxiality Structure Design
Authors: Sun Bao Rui , Zheng Yan , Zhang Yong , Fan Xiao Wang
Published: June 2014

This paper analyzes the factors that cause axial fatigue testing machine not coaxiality and influence on test results, put forward the axial fatigue testing machine alignment inspection, and designed a new type concentric structure to adjust not coaxiality.
Temperature Effects and pH Value on Free Swell Behaviors of Bentonite Solutions
Authors: Jeon Han Yong
Published: June 2014

Swelling behaviors of powder and granular type sodium bentonites in permeate solutions such as NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, distilled water and in HCl and NaOH (with different pH values) under different temperatures were investigated. Swelling behaviors of these bentonites were dependent on strength, reactivity power and physical form of ion, and temperature and pH value of permeate solution. +1 ion solution showed higher swell volumes than +2 ion solution. Distilled water showed highest swell volumes among these tested solutions. Powder type sodium bentonite showed higher swells volume than granular type bentonite. Higher temperatures brought quickly the bentonite to a stable swell volume state. The pH value also affected on swelling volumes of bentonite as lower pH values (pH<3) increased and higher pH values (11<pH<12) decreased the swell volume of powder and granular type sodium bentonite.
Design of a PLC-Based Engineering Training Unit
Authors: Han Jian Bing
Published: June 2014

The handling unit based on PLC is composed of seven motors, Programmable Logic Controller, touch panel, sensor and so on, The unit controls the bucket to move up and down, left and right with seven motors, and back and forth and regulates the speed of motor movement with speed regulators, complete the material transport, the touch panel help realize the manual and full-automatic control of motor and the switching between manual and automatic modes. The handling unit based on PLC for strengthening the operating ability in college or junior technical personnel are of great help.
Nanotechnology and Earth Construction: The Mechanical Properties of Adobe Brick Stabilized by Laponite Nanoparticles
Authors: Scalisi Francesca
Published: June 2014

The contribution describes the experimental analysis for the improvement of the mechanical properties of samples of earth with the addition of Laponite nanoparticles. Were made two types of samples: the first consisting of soil, sand and water; the second consisting of soil, water, sand and Laponite nanoparticles. The operations performed were: chemical analysis of soil and sand; preparation of samples; Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) observation of samples for the distribution of the elements, especially the Laponite nanoparticles; testing of compression strength and flexural strength of two types of samples; comparisons of the resulted of the mechanical tests. The improvement of the mechanical characteristics of the earth material using nanotechnology, will increase the use of eco-friendly, non-toxic, cost effective, available materials in architecture.
Variability Analysis by Statistical Control Process and Functional Data Analysis — Case of Study Applied to Power System Harmonics Assessment
Authors: Sancho Joaquín , Pastor Jorge , Martínez Javier , García Miguel Angel
Published: June 2014

Functional data appear in a multitude of industrial applications and processes. However, in many cases at present, such data continue to be studied from the conventional standpoint based on Statistical Process Control (SPC), losing the capacity of analyzing different aspects over the time. In this study is presented a Statistical Control Process based on functional data analysis to identify outliers or special causes of variability of harmonics appearing in power systems which can negatively impact on quality of electricity supply. The results obtained from the functional approach are compared with those obtained with conventional Statistical Process Control that has been done firstly.
A First Approach to the Development of a Control Subsystem on a Hybrid (Real/Virtual) Flexible Manufacturing System
Authors: Sanz Alfredo , Gonzalez Ignacio , Angulo Gabriel , Ureña Justo
Published: June 2014

This paper shows a first approach to incorporate virtual elements (based on virtual reality) in an existing Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS). It suggests the main methodological ideas to develop a control system for a hybrid FMS where both, virtual and real elements, can work together. The paper starts from an existing FMS named CFF-ETSIA and implanted in the Aerospace Engineering School. A modular design is proposed towards the independence between the FMS elements so that the system flexibility increases. Virtual devices are created in order to reproduce the behavior of their real-homonymous elements as far as possible. This includes not only the mechanical way but and the behavioral way.
Comparison of Double Flank Roll Testers for Worm and Worm Gear
Authors: Pueo Arteta Marcos , Santolaria Mazo Jorge , Acero Cacho Raquel , Tomás Faci Alvaro
Published: June 2014

Roll testing is the most direct way and simple method of checking the functional accuracy of the gear by means of the geometric and rolling parameters obtained in the test. Nevertheless, for the time being there is no standard calibration procedure which could be applied to this type of rolling testers. In spite of trying to reproduce the tests in the three double flank roll testers under the same testing conditions and procedure, big variations in the results obtained were detected. This demonstrates the need to create a norm which could give a unique trazability procedure for this kind of tests and their testers calibration.
Thermography IR Applied to Analyse the Influence of the Deformation Speed in the Forming Process
Authors: San Juán Manuel , Martín Óscar , Santos Francisco Javier , de Tiedra Pilar , López Roberto , Mahillo-Isla Raúl
Published: June 2014

This work presents the development of an experimental study which aims to establish arelationship of temperature variations, deformation speeds and the possible microstructural changes in the AISI 304 stainless steel. For this, an IR thermographic camera recorded serveral tensile test with different deformation speeds.
Comparison of Diameter and Area Change Based Methods for Evaluating Break-IN and Break-OUT Damages in Dry Drilled Holes of Aeronautical Carbon Fiber Composites
Authors: Mayuet Pedro , Arroyo Pedro , Portal Alberto , Álvarez Miguel , Fernández-Vidal Severo Raúl , Marcos Bárcena Mariano
Published: June 2014

Currently, Carbon Fiber Reinforced Non-Metal Composites (CFRC) are commonly applied in structural components of aircrafts. Frequently, these elements need to be drilled for their assembly in the final product. Chips close to powder are formed when this kind of material is machined. Because of this, drilling processes are mostly performed in absence of cutting fluids. High quality requirements are demanded for holes due to the fact than those elements are placed in key components of the aircrafts. The most relevant defects that can be produced in the dry drilling of CFRC are located in the both tool input and tool output. These defects are known as Break-IN (B-IN) and Break-OUT (B-OUT). This paper reports on the results of a comparative study of different methodologies for evaluating those defects. First of them is based on the analysis of the diameter deviation. Second procedure is based on the damaged area. Both parameters have been measured making use of image analysis techniques. Obtained results have revealed that damaged area based method is more sensitive to hole changes.
Evaluation of Cutting Tools Secondary Adhesion Wear Using 3D Optical Topography Techniques — Application to Dry Turning of Al-Cu Aerospace Alloy
Authors: García-Jurado Daniel , Mainé José Manuel , Batista Moisés , Vázquez-Martínez Juan Manuel , Puerta Francisco Javier , Marcos Marinao
Published: June 2014

The combination of specific properties, cost, reliability and predictable behavior, guarantee that the aluminium alloys will be kept as one of the materials used in aerospace industry. When aluminium alloys are machined, transfer of cutting material to cutting tool is related with the secondary or indirect adhesion wear mechanism, which can be presented in form of Built-Up Layer (BUL) and Built-Up Edge (BUE), located in two defined zones of the tool, cutting edge and rake face respectively. The material adhered involve tool properties, geometrical and physicochemical alterations which modify the initial cutting conditions, in accordance with currently concept of tool wear. Until now, a generalized lack is observed in methodologies to assessment the secondary adhesion wear in machining of aluminium alloys, mainly due to the difficulty found in characterizing and quantify thereof. In this paper, based in Focus-Variation Microscopy (FVM) techniques, a methodology is proposed through high-resolution optical 3D topography measurements obtained from WC-Co worn tools tested in the dry turning of UNS A92024-T3 alloy, in order to obtained information about effects and intensity of secondary adhesion wear.
Relationship of Pocket Geometry and Tool Path Strategy with 2 1/2-D Milling Parameters: Machining Time, Cutting Forces and Surface Roughness
Authors: Romero Pablo Eduardo , Dorado Ruben , Díaz Garrido Francisco Alberto , Rubio Eva María
Published: June 2014

2 1/2-D pocketing is an important operation in aeronautic and automotive industries. In the present paper, it is studied the relationship among the pocket geometry and the tool path strategy chosen with interesting parameters as: machining time, cutting forces and surface roughnes. The pocketing tests have been performed on UNS A96063, an increasingly frequent alloy in such industries.
An Upper Bound Approach of Ring Compression Test Solutions
Authors: Martín F. , Sevilla Lorenzo , Sebastián Miguel Ángel , Camacho Ana M.
Published: June 2014

The forging processes have usually been studied by analytical methods under simplifying assumptions such as the consideration of plane strain. Present work this study is approached from Upper Bound Theorem using the Triangular Rigid Zones model from a new approach, that is, through the analysis of Ring Compression Test, axisymmetric element under its canonical geometry ensures a similar aforementioned plane strain behavior. A new perspective of calculating the so-called neutral plane (defined by the radius at which the material flows in opposite directions), which is the basis element in solving the problem is proposed.
Synthesis and Characterization of Molecular Sieve SBA-15 and Catalysts Co/SBA-15 and Ru/Co/SBA-15
Authors: Rodrigues Jocielys Jovelino , Lima Liliane Andrade , de Paula Gustavo Medeiros , Freire Rodrigues Meiry Glaúcia
Published: June 2014

A series of mesoporous materials have been synthesized in an acid medium, with various structures, such as SBA-15. These materials have many properties which make them potential catalysts. Among these we highlight their high surface areas and pore walls relatively thick, resulting in a greater hydrothermal stability. This work aims at the synthesis and characterization of molecular sieve SBA-15 with molar composition: 1.0 TEOS: 0.017 P123: 5.7 HCl: 193 H2O and Co/SBA-15 and catalysts for the reaction of Ru/Co/SBA-15 Fischer Tropsch process. The materials were characterized by the techniques of X-ray diffraction (XRD), chemical analysis by X-ray spectrometry, energy dispersive (EDX) and Nitrogen adsorption (BET method). X-ray diffraction showed that the calcined cobalt catalyst did not modify the structure of SBA-15 and that Co was present under the form of Co3O4 in the catalyst. The addition of cobalt in the SBA-15 decreased the specific superficial area of the molecular sieve.
Synthesis of Nanostructured PZT Ceramics with Powder Obtained from Coprecipitate Method
Authors: Lanza Alexandre Costa , Thomazini Daniel , Gelfuso Maria Virgínia
Published: June 2014

Ceramics of Pb1.02(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3(PZT) comprise the majority of piezoelectric devices in use today. In general, these ceramics are obtained by solid-state reaction, which favors the formation of micrometric grains. Recent studies have shown that reducing the particle size from micro to nanoscale, it generates PZT ceramics with superior dielectric properties. In this way, this study aimed to obtain nanostructured PZT ceramics from the coprecipitate method, using precursor materials as oxides reagents. From the Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) was observed that the formation of PZT through the proposed methodology is initiated at 550oC. However, the full phase crystallization was observed at 850oC confirmed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Spherical particles near 200nm were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This powder was sintered in conventional and microwave oven. The ceramics obtained from both sintering methods showed substantial differences in microstructure such as presence of piroclore phase and grain morphology.
Preparation of Mullite Whiskers from Powder of Topaz Pure and Doped with Rare Earths
Authors: Monteiro Renato Reis , Sabioni Antônio Claret Soares
Published: June 2014

Mullite whiskers were obtained by thermal decomposition of powders of natural topaz, pure and doped with 3 and 5% in weight of La2O3 and Y2O3, at the temperatures of 1300 and 1400°C, for 1h, in air. Pure and doped mullite whiskers showed a molar ratio Al2O3: SiO2 close to 2:1, rich in alumina. The aspect ratio (AR) of whiskers varies with dopant concentrations and temperatures. The ARs for pure whiskers were 28 and 31.5, at the temperatures of 1300 and 1400°C, respectively, showing no glassy phase. For the doped whiskers, there were observed a reduction in the ARs, ranging from 14.13 to 16.10 (3 and 5% La2O3) and from 6.32 to 7.35 (3 and 5% Y2O3), for the temperatures of 1300 and 1400°C, respectively. The Y2O3 was not entirely incorporated, and part of it formed Y2Si2O7 and Y2O3-δ, with δ = 0.33 according to quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD analysis) with the presence of small amount of vitreous phase.
Morphology and Fluidity of Spray-Dried Powder Transported by Compressed Air
Authors: da Silva André Luiz , Feltrin Jucilene , Bernardin Adriano Michael
Published: June 2014

This work was carried out in a tile ceramic company that works with the wet milling process. The main objective was to evaluate the variations in the characteristics of the spray-dried powder transported vertically using compressed air. The particle size distribution, moisture and fluidity of the spray-dried powder were evaluated. The granule morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscope. The main concern was the spray-dried powder fluidity, which in turn can impair the loading of the press, causing compaction fluctuations and thereby geometrical and size variations in the pressed samples. The results show that the vertical transportation by compressed air significantly impairs the fluidity of the spray-dried powder, reduces the moisture content and change the sphericity of the granules.
Reactive Formations: Characterization and Capacity Expansion
Authors: Vieira de Lucena Danielly , Lira Hélio Lucena , Amorim Luciana Viana
Published: June 2014

During the drilling of oil wells is common the presence of layers consisting of clay minerals with high degree of hydration and arranged in laminar packages. When in contact with water, the packets of the clay are separated as the water enters in the basal spacing. Argillaceous formations such as shales containing smectite are sensitive to the presence of water and the greater the amount of smectite, higher reactivity in the presence of water. This phenomenon is known as expansion or swelling. So, the aim of this paper is to characterize the shales from two different regions of the country and to explain the susceptibility of hydration of each of these formations. The characterization was done by making use of CEC, XRF and XRD. The obtained results showed that among the studied shales, those with the greatest degree of clay fractions (smectite) in its composition showed higher swelling index according to the methodology of Foster.
Preparation of Porous Zirconia-Yttria Ceramics by Thermal Removal of Potassium Iodide
Authors: Carvalho Sabrina Gonçalves Macedo , Muccillo R.
Published: June 2014

Zirconia-8 mol% yttria porous solid electrolytes were obtained by mixing with different amounts (0 to 5 wt.%) of KI prior to sintering. Potassium iodide acts as sacrificial pore former, being removed from the ceramic pellet upon sintering at 1400 °C/2 h. The alkali halide content was evaluated by X-ray fluorescence analysis, the density of the pellets by the Archimedes method, and the pore content by observation in scanning probe (SPM) and scanning electron (SEM) microscopes of polished and etched surfaces. The oxide ion resistivity was determined by impedance spectroscopy analysis in the 5 Hz-13 MHz frequency range from 300 to 500 °C. Porous specimens with high skeletal density were obtained. The higher is the alkali halide content, the higher is the pore volume and the total electrical resistivity. A correlation is found between the pore content, evaluated by SEM and SPM, and the electrical behavior analysis from the impedance plots of the porous specimens.
Incorporation of Fired Ceramic Waste into Binary and Ternary Earth-Binder (S) Mixtures for Compressed Blocks
Authors: Acchar Wilson , Silva Jaquelígia B. , Silva Vamberto M. , Góis Luciano Costa , Segadães Ana M.
Published: June 2014

In Brazil, the majority of construction and demolition waste materials (CDW) is sent to waste dumps or landfill sites. Having low cost applications in mind, this work has the purpose of investigating the effect of the incorporation of fired ceramic rubble reclaimed from CDW obtained directly from the building construction industry on the final properties of compressed earth blocks, which are especially interesting in low-income and marginalized communities. To this aim, clay-based mixtures containing up to 5 wt.% of ceramic rubble were prepared. Lime and cement were added as binders (6, 8, 10 and 12 wt.%). Cylindrical test pieces were produced by uniaxial compression and left to harden at ambient conditions for 7, 28 and 56 days. The hardened specimens were characterized in terms of microstructure (SEM), compressive strength, water absorption and wear resistance. The results obtained in physical and mechanical evaluation tests demonstrated that small contents of ceramic rubble from the building construction industry can easily be incorporated into compressed earth blocks without degradation of typical properties, enabling savings in cement addition.
Evaluation of Agents Abrasives Polishing Porcelain Employing Image Processing
Authors: Vidigal R.N.E. , Calado Claudinei Rezende , Pinheiro I.P.
Published: June 2014

The waste generated in the process of polishing of ceramic materials represents a challenge for the ceramic industries, because it is necessary conciliate environmental protection to expenses with disposal and proper packaging. The study of the reuse of this material in the production cycle becomes a necessary alternative to solve the industrial problem. The replacement of the abrasive agent is a viable option in order to avoid the presence of silicon carbide and the residue therefore enabling the direct incorporation of the residue in the porcelain production. If the atomized paste contains silicon carbide when the material is burned occurred the formation of porosity and cracks in the piece. This work aims to study new alternatives of abrasive agents and evaluate the efficiency of polishing generated by new tools. To evaluate the performance of the abrasive tests were conducted simulating the polishing step. The study is based on the computational processing of the image generated by optical micrographs. From this, it will be possible find the best abrasives for polishing ceramic material.
Production of Zeolite from Rice Husk Ash
Authors: Melo Carolina Resmini , Francisco A.C. , Kuhnen Nivaldo C. , da Rocha Márcio Roberto , Melo A.R. , Riella Humberto Gracher , Angioletto Elídio
Published: June 2014

The use of waste to development of products has been an increasingly routine practice today. In this work was used rice husk ash from combustion boiler for energy for synthesis of sodium silicate. The silicate was obtained by means of ash fusion with sodium hydroxide at a temperature of 1200°C for 2 hours. For the synthesis of 4A-zeolite was performed hydrothermal reaction of sodium silicate, previously obtained with sodium aluminate and sodium hydroxide. The zeolite obtained was characterized by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results have indicated the formation of 4A-zeolite.
Potential Evaluation of Gray Clay as Adsorbent of Heavy Metals Zinc (II) and Lead (II)
Authors: Lima Wellington Siqueira , Silva José Vanderley Nascimento , Patrício Aline Cadigna Lima , Oliveira Guilherme Costa , Freire Rodrigues Meiry Glaúcia
Published: June 2014

The problems caused by contamination of heavy metals generate a growing need to implement technologies to reduce or eliminate them. This work aims to evaluate the potential of gray clay, the process of removal of zinc and lead from synthetic effluents in finite bath system. The clay was characterized by: X-ray diffraction, X-ray Spectroscopy Energy Dispersive and Physical Adsorption of Nitrogen. The tests were performed finite bath following a 22 factorial design, with the variables: pH and initial concentrations of metal. The clays were evaluated for their removal capacity and rate of metal removal. After the characterization and evaluation, it was found that the gray clay comprises clay of the groups of kaolinite and mica. The results of the factorial design shown that the adsorption of the metals zinc and lead can be developed with good percentage of removal.
Yttria Nettings by Replica Processing
Authors: Santos Silas Cardoso , Yamagata C. , Acchar W. , Mello-Castanho S.R.H.
Published: June 2014

In the context of green economy supported and widespread by United Nations (UN), the renewable energy sources are the unique mechanism to universalize the access to energy. Face to this strategic direction of change is essential to develop efficient components for saving energy such as porous ceramics that associate light with mechanical strength. Thus, the objective of this work concerns to improve the homogeneity of porous size distribution of yttria porous ceramics by evaluating their morphology during replica processing. Samples were subject to immersion into 30vol% yttria aqueous suspensions during an interval from 1min to 120min and sintered through careful thermal conditions. Based on the results, the weight and morphology of porous structure samples were directly influenced by immersion time, whereby intervals from 30-120min showed the best final products.
Nanoparticles Prepared by Sol-Gel Method Used in Pseudoboehmite-Reinforced Nylon 6.12 Nanocomposites
Authors: Peres Renato Meneghetti , Peres C.Y.U. , de Miranda Leila F. , Denuzzo Cesar , Gomes Gabriel Cavalcante , Braunstein Faldini Sonia , Munhoz Antonio H.
Published: June 2014

Polymers nanocomposites are composed by nanometrical particles embedded in a specific matrix. Additions of small amount of nanoparticles of inorganic material in specific matrixes can greatly improve mechanical properties. The high specific surface area of the inorganic materials nanoparticles promotes its dispersion in the polymeric matrix, and the obtained properties are strongly related to the homogeneity of the dispersion. In the present work, nylon 6.12 nanocomposites with different concentrations of pseudoboehmite obtained by sol-gel process were prepared with different concentrations of octadecylamine. The pseudoboehmite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, differential thermal analysis and thermo gravimetric analysis. The nanocomposites were characterized by thermal and mechanical tests. The addition of pseudoboehmite reduces the melting flow, evidencing the interaction of pseudoboehmite with the polymeric matrix probably modifying its crystalline structure.
Characterization of Al2(WO4)3 Synthesized by Co-Precipitation Method
Authors: Junior E.S.G. , Jardim P.M .
Published: June 2014

Al2(WO4)3was synthesized by co-precipitation using Na2WO4and Al (NO3)3as precursors. After drying the precipitate, it was calcined at different temperatures between 500°C and 800°C. The crystallization and degradation temperatures of the samples were evaluated by means of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetry (TG) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). It was observed that the crystallization starts at around 600°C, however Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis showed that at this temperature the sample is partially amorphous. The degradation of the material starts at around 1200°C and at 1400°C the tungsten oxide has almost completely evaporated and the material is transformed mainly in alpha-alumina.
Malignant Pleural and Peritoneal Mesothelioma Consequential to Brief Indirect Asbestos Exposure
Authors: Singhal Bharati , Kohli Supreethi , Singhal Anu , Kumar Vinod
Published: June 2014

This report highlights that pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma can occur without direct asbestos exposure as was seen in our young patient. The patient had indirect exposure for as short as 3 months as a child, 15 years earlier, when she was residing with her miner father in the district of Jharia, Jharkhand, which is an asbestos-rich mining area in eastern India. The patient presented with chest pain and breathlessness. Chest X-ray showed opaque right hemithorax. Typical contrast- computed tomography (CECT) enhanced radiological features included nodular, soft-tissue attenuation and homogenously enhancing rind-like mass causing scalloping of the underlying lung and liver. Similar lesions were also found involving the pelvis. Diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma was confirmed on lung biopsy. Under-reporting of exposure is usual because it is unrecognized by both patients and investigators.
Systemic corticosteroids in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Ninane Vincent
Published: June 2014

Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) lead to a significant decrease in pulmonary function and quality of life and an increase in mortality. However, systemic use of corticosteroids is able to improve the conditions of patients in AECOPD. By a short review of several clinical trials, we suggest that 40 mg prednisone per day for 5 days should be recommended for the treatment of AECOPD with a preference for oral prednisolone.
Low temperatures enhance organic nitrate formation: evidence from observations in the 2012 Uintah Basin Winter Ozone Study
Authors: Lee L. , Wooldridge P. J. , Gilman J. B. , Warneke C. , de Gouw J. , Cohen R. C.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and total alkyl nitrates (ΣANs) were measured using thermal dissociation laser induced fluorescence during the 2012 Uintah Basin Winter Ozone Study (UBWOS) in Utah, USA. The observed NO2 concentration was highest before sunrise and lowest in the late afternoon, suggestive of a persistent local source of NO2 coupled with turbulent mixing out of the boundary layer. In contrast, ΣANs co-varied with solar radiation with a noontime maximum, indicating that local photochemical production combined with rapid mixing and/or deposition was the dominant factor in determining the ΣAN concentrations. We calculate that ΣANs were a large fraction (~60%) of the HOx free radical chain termination and show that the temperature dependence of the alkyl nitrate yields enhances the role of ΣANs in local chemistry during winter by comparison to what would occur at the warmer temperatures of summer.
On the importance of cascading moisture recycling in South America
Authors: Zemp D. C. , Schleussner C.-F. , Barbosa H. M. J. , Van der Ent R. J. , Donges J. F. , Heinke J. , Sampaio G. , Rammig A.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. Continental moisture recycling is a crucial process of the South American climate system. Evapotranspiration from the Amazon river basin contributes to precipitation regionally and in the La Plata river basin. Here we present an in-depth analysis of South American moisture recycling. We quantify the importance of "cascading moisture recycling", which describes the exchange of moisture between the vegetation and the atmosphere through precipitation and re-evaporation cycles on its way between two locations on the continent. We use the Water Accounting Model 2-layers (WAM-2layers) forced by precipitation from TRMM and evapotranspiration from MODIS for the period 2001 until 2010 to construct moisture recycling networks. These networks describe the direction and amount of moisture transported from its source (evapotranspiration) to its destination (precipitation) in South America. Model-based calculations of continental and regional recycling ratios in the Amazon basin compare well with other existing studies using different datasets and methodologies. Our results show that cascading moisture recycling contributes about 10% to the total precipitation over South America and 17% over the La Plata basin. Considering cascading moisture recycling increases the total dependency of the La Plata basin on moisture from the Amazon basin by about 25% from 23 to 29% during the wet season. Using tools from complex network analysis, we reveal the importance of the south-western part of the Amazon basin as a key intermediary region for continental moisture transport in South America during the wet season. Our results suggest that land use change in this region might have a stronger impact on downwind rainfed agriculture and ecosystem stability than previously thought.
Exploiting simultaneous observational constraints on mass and absorption to estimate the global direct radiative forcing of black carbon and brown carbon
Authors: Wang X. , Heald C. L. , Ridley D. A. , Schwarz J. P. , Spackman J. R. , Perring A. E. , Coe H. , Liu D. , Clarke A. D.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. Atmospheric black carbon (BC) is a leading climate warming agent, yet uncertainties on the global direct radiative forcing (DRF) remain large. Here we expand a global model simulation (GEOS-Chem) of BC to include the absorption enhancement associated with BC coating and separately treat both the aging and physical properties of fossil fuel and biomass burning BC. In addition we develop a global simulation of Brown Carbon (BrC) from both secondary (aromatic) and primary (biomass burning and biofuel) sources. The global mean lifetime of BC in this simulation (4.4 days) is substantially lower compared to the AeroCom I model means (7.3 days), and as a result, this model captures both the mass concentrations measured in near-source airborne field campaigns (ARCTAS, EUCAARI) and surface sites within 30%, and in remote regions (HIPPO) within a factor of two. We show that the new BC optical properties together with the inclusion of BrC reduces the model bias in Absorption Aerosol Optical Depth (AAOD) at multiple wavelengths by more than 50% at AERONET sites worldwide. However our improved model still underestimates AAOD by a factor of 1.4 to 2.8 regionally, with largest underestimates in regions influenced by fire. Using the RRTMG model integrated with GEOS-Chem we estimate that the all-sky top-of-atmosphere DRF of BC is +0.13 W m−2 (0.08 W m−2 from anthropogenic sources and 0.05 W m−2 from biomass burning). If we scale our model to match AERONET AAOD observations we estimate the DRF of BC is +0.21 W m−2, with an additional +0.11 W m−2 of warming from BrC. Uncertainties in size, optical properties, observations, and emissions suggest an overall uncertainty in BC DRF of −80% / +140%. Our estimates are at the lower end of the 0.2–1.0 W m−2 range from previous studies, and substantially less than the +0.6 W m−2 DRF estimated in the IPCC 5th Assessment Report. We suggest that the DRF of BC has previously been overestimated due to the overestimation of the BC lifetime and the incorrect attribution of BrC absorption to BC.
Reexamining the barrier effect of the Tibetan Plateau on the South Asian summer monsoon
Authors: Chen G.-S. , Liu Z. , Kutzbach J. E.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. The Tibetan Plateau has been conventionally treated as an elevated heat source driving the Asian monsoon system, especially for the South Asian monsoon. Numerous model simulations with general circulation models (GCMs) support this hypothesis with the finding that the Asian monsoon system is weak or absent when all elevated topography is removed. A recent model simulation shows that the South Asian summer monsoon circulation is little affected with only the Himalayas (no-Tibetan Plateau) kept as a barrier, leading to a hypothesis of the barrier "blocking" mechanism of the Tibetan Plateau. In this paper, a new series of experiments are designed to reexamine this barrier effect. We find that with the barrier, the large-scale summer monsoon circulation over South Asia is simulated in general agreement with the full Tibetan Plateau, which is consistent with the previous finding. However, there remains significant differences in both wind and precipitation fields, suggesting a role for the full Tibetan Plateau as well. Moreover, the proposed barrier blocking mechanism is not found in our experiments. The energy of the low-level air and the convection are lower and weaker over the Indian subcontinent in the full Tibetan Plateau experiment than that in the no-Tibetan Plateau experiment or the barrier only experiment, which is in contrast to the barrier blocking hypothesis. Instead, there is a similar candle-like latent heating in the middle troposphere along the southern edge of the Tibetan Plateau in both the full Tibetan Plateau and the barrier experiments, whereas this "candle heating" disappears in the no-Tibetan Plateau experiment. We propose that this candle heating is the key to understanding the mechanisms of the Tibetan Plateau on the South Asian monsoon. Future studies are needed to check the source of the "candle heating" and its effect on the Asian monsoon.
Technical Note: Watershed strategy for oceanic mesoscale eddy splitting
Authors: Li Q. Y. , Sun L.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. To identify oceanic mononuclear mesoscale eddies, a threshold-free splitting method was developed based on the watershed. Because oceanic eddies are similar to plateaus and basins in the map of the sea level anomaly (SLA) data, the natural divisions of the basins are the watersheds between them. The splitting algorithm is based on identifying these watersheds by finding the path of steepest descent. Compared to previous splitting methods, the proposed splitting algorithm has some advantages. First, there are no artificial parameters. Second, the algorithm is robust; the splitting strategy is independent of the algorithm and procedure and automatically guarantees that the split mononuclear eddies are simply-connected pixel sets. Third, the new method is very fast, and the time complexity is O(N), where N is the number of multinuclear eddy pixels; each pixel is scanned only once for splitting, regardless of how many extremes there are. Fourth, the algorithm is independent of parameters; the strategy can potentially be applied to any possible physical parameters (e.g., SLA, geostrophic potential vorticity, Okubo–Weiss parameter, etc.). Besides, the present strategy can also be applied to automatic identification of troughs and ridges from weather charts. Because this general method can be applied to a variety of eddy parameter fields, we denoted it the Universal Splitting Technology for Circulations (USTC) method.
Intraparotid Schwannoma
Authors: McCarthy Whitney A. , Cox Bettye L.
Published: June 2014

Diagnoses most commonly associated with a unilateral parotid mass include sialadenitis, pleomorphic adenoma, Warthin tumor, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. However, rare entities, such as intraparotid schwannoma, must be considered in the differential diagnosis. We present a brief literature review that is illustrative of the current difficulty of preoperative diagnosis of intraparotid schwannoma, which is an exceptionally rare entity, with approximately 80 cases described to date. It may mimic common neoplasms and inflammatory salivary gland conditions on fine-needle aspiration and imaging, but is more likely to be associated with the facial nerve. Depending upon the tumor's spatial relationship to the facial nerve and the extent of neurologic dysfunction, the decision may be made to observe the tumor rather than attempt resection. This potential implication for patient management is a critical consideration that highlights the need for timely, appropriate biopsy and diagnosis.
Monoclonal and Polyclonal Immunoglobulin Interference in a Conjugated Bilirubin Assay
Authors: Song Lu , Kelly Kathleen A. , Butch Anthony W.
Published: June 2014

Context.—Monoclonal proteins can interfere with the conjugated bilirubin assay on the Beckman Coulter AU5400 and AU2700 instruments and produce spurious results. Protein depletion eliminates the interference, suggesting that monoclonal proteins cause the problem.

Objectives.—To determine the interference rate with the Beckman Coulter AU5400 and AU2700 conjugated bilirubin assay and to identify the interfering substance.

Design.—Beckman Coulter bilirubin results from 33 720 samples analyzed during 6 months were evaluated for interference. On a subset of samples, protein G columns were used to specifically remove immunoglobulin G (IgG) to determine the cause of the interference. Another 117 samples containing a (known) monoclonal protein were selected to determine the interference rate.

Results.—From 26 different patients, 103 samples had conjugated bilirubin results greater than the total bilirubin for a false-positive rate of 0.3%. Removal of IgG from a subset of those samples with IgG monoclonal protein and increased polyclonal IgG eliminated the conjugated bilirubin interference. In separate, selected samples containing monoclonal proteins, the false-positive interference rate was 7.7% (9 of 117) and was greatest when the monoclonal protein concentration was greater than 4 g/dL. Another 11 of the 117 samples (9.4%) with monoclonal proteins exhibited assay interference by producing false-negative results. The overall interference rate, therefore, was 17.1%.

Conclusion.—The false-positive interference rate for the Beckman Coulter conjugated bilirubin assay was 0.3% for routinely analyzed serum/plasma samples. In addition to monoclonal proteins, we found that polyclonal immunoglobulins can also interfere with the conjugated bilirubin assay. The overall interference rate was 17.1% for samples with a monoclonal protein.
A Survey of Library Support for Formal Undergraduate Research Programs
Authors: Hensley Merinda Kaye , Shreeves Sarah L. , Davis-Kahl Stephanie
Published: June 2014

Undergraduate research is defined by the Council on Undergraduate Research (CUR) as “an inquiry or investigation conducted by an undergraduate student that makes an original intellectual or creative contribution to the discipline.” This study serves as a snapshot of current library practices in relation to formal undergraduate research programs and identifies common elements of library support among different types of institutions. The results of this research fill a gap in both the library and education literature, provide critical background data for libraries wishing to build support for undergraduate research programs, and suggest a foundation for further research into an underexplored area.
Fostering Research and Publication in Academic Libraries
Authors: Sassen Catherine , Wahl Diane
Published: June 2014

This study concerns administrative support provided to encourage the research and publishing activities of academic librarians working in Association of Research Libraries member libraries. Deans and directors of these libraries were asked to respond to an online survey concerning the support measures that their libraries provide, as well as their thoughts on support measures that academic libraries should provide. When compared to earlier studies, the survey results indicate that most support measures have grown over time. Results also suggest increases in the requirements for publication in academic libraries, as well as in the number of libraries at which librarians have faculty status.
A Note on the Efficiency Effects of Agglomeration Economies: Turkish Evidence
Authors: Timurçin Deniz , Omay Tolga , Arin K. Peren
Published: June 2014

By using a very novel dataset from Turkish SMEs, this paper investigates the effects of agglomeration economies on productive and allocative efficiency. After controlling for unobserved heterogeneity at the time level, our empirical results from ordered panel probit models provide evidence that clusters have no statistically significant effect on productive efficiency but a negative effect on allocative efficiency. We also show that the increase in prices is not due to increased product differentiation; therefore, it is most likely due to collusion.
Ressenya a Francisco M. Gimeno Blay, "Una corona, set aspirants", Institució Alfons el Magnànim, 2013
Authors: Ferrer del Río Estefania
Published: June 2014

Ressenya a Francisco M. Gimeno Blay, Una corona, set aspirants, València, Institució Alfons el Magnànim - Diputació de València, 2013, 213 pp., ISBN: 978-84-7822-650-4.
Prejudicis i censures en la filologia catalana medieval
Authors: Guia Marín Josep
Published: June 2014

El present estudi fa una revisió crítica a les darreres aportacions realitzades al votant de la figurad e Joan Roís de Corella i altres autors del segle XV valencià.
Ressenya a Miquel i Planas, Miquel, La leggenda del libraio assassino di Barcellona. trad. di V. Ripa. Napoli : Edizioni Dante & Descartes, 2012
Authors: Marmo Vittorio
Published: June 2014

Ressenya a Ramon Miquel I Planas, La leggenda del libraio assassino di Barcell ona, a cura di Valentina Ripa. Napoli: Edizioni Dante & Descartes, 2012, 125 pp . IS BN: 9788861570924
Ressenya a Theresa Earenfight, Queenship in medieval Europe, Palgrave Macmillan, 2013
Authors: Ruiz Domingo Lledó
Published: June 2014

Ressenya a Theresa Earenfight, Queenship in medieval Europe, Palgrave Macmillan, 2013, 356 pp. ISBN 978-0-230-27646-8
Les dones, l’amor i una elegia eròtica d’Ovidi en la vida i en l’obra poètica de Roís de Corella
Authors: Soler Molina Abel
Published: June 2014

Resum: Roís de Corella fou un escriptor amb relacions amoroses juvenils, però amb fortes conviccions morals, que el portarien per un camí de perfecció i elevació espiritual, cosa que justifica la seua evolució temàtica. L’estudiant de teologia pren distància respecte dels predicadors medievals, però s’inspira en els clàssics llatins per a desenvolupar la seua creativitat literària i orientar-la cap a lliçons morals, amb un estil que crea escola. Fins i tot s’atreveix, als 23 anys, a transformar una elegia eròtica d’Ovidi –cristianament rectificada– en la Tragèdia de Caldesa: un experiment literari que fou molt aplaudit. . Paraules clau: Roís de Corella, Lletra consolatòria, Tragèdia de Caldesa, Ovidi, elegia llatina.  Abstract: Roís de Corella was a writer with romantic juvenile relationships, but with strong moral convictions, which would lead down a path of perfection and spiritual elevation, which justifies his thematic evolution. The student of theology takes distance from the medieval preachers, but he was inspired by the Latin classics to develop his literary creativity and to orientate it towards moral lessons, with a style that creates his own school. Even he dares, at 23 years old, to transform an erotic elegy of Ovidi –rectified in a Christian way- in Caldesa Tragedy: a literary experiment that was very applauded.Keywords: Rois de Corella, Lletra consolatòria, Tragèdia de Caldesa, Ovidi, Latin elegy