bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and Stroke—Exploratory Analysis of the GOPCABE Trial and Methodological Considerations
Authors: Zacher Michael , Boergermann Jochen , Kappert Utz , Hilker Michael , Färber Gloria , Albert Marc , Holzhey David , Conradi Lenard , Riess Friedrich , Veeckman Philippe , Strauch Justus , Diegeler Anno , Böning Andreas , Reents Wilko
Published: March 2018

Background Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) without cardiopulmonary bypass (off-pump CABG) may reduce severe adverse events including stroke.

Methods In the German Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Elderly patients trial, the rate of major adverse cardiovascular events was compared in 2,394 elderly (≥ 75 years) patients undergoing CABG with (on-pump) or without (off-pump) cardiopulmonary bypass. This exploratory post-hoc analysis investigated the impact of surgical aortic manipulation on the rate of stroke.

Results There was no significant difference in the rate of stroke within 30 days after surgery between both groups (off-pump: 2.2%; on-pump: 2.7%; odds ratio [OR]: 0.83 [0.5–1.38]; p = 0.47). Within the off-pump group, different degrees of aortic manipulation did not lead to significant different stroke rates (tangential clamping: 2.3%; OR 0.86 [0.46–1.60]; clampless device: 1.8%; OR 0.67 [0.26–1.75]; no aortic manipulation: 2.4%; OR 0.88 [0.37–2.14]). An aggregate analysis including more than 10,000 patients out of the four recent major trials also yielded comparable stroke rates for on- and off-pump CABG (off-pump: 1.4%; on-pump: 1.7%; OR 0.87 [0.64–1.20]).

Conclusion Within recent prospective randomized multicenter trials off-pump CABG did not result in lower stroke rates. The possible intrinsic benefit of off-pump CABG may be offset by the complexity of the operative therapy as well as the multiple pathomechanisms involved in perioperative stroke.
Collaboration Technology for Rural Health-care
Authors: Raman R. S. , agannathan V.J , Srinivas K. , Reddy S. , Cleetus K.J. , Reddy R.
Published: March 2018

Health-care is a collaborative endeavor involving a number of individuals and organizations with diverse perspectives. Computer-supported collaboration technologies have great potential to enable health-care providers to improve the quality of care provided to their patients. Such technologies have the potential to overcome barriers to quality health-care in the small, scattered populations of rural areas. Rapid changes in technology are making it more and more possible for collaborative telemedicine to be a part of the practice of medicine. The World Wide Web has amply demonstrated that the globe has shrunk and information from afar is a mere mouse click away. However, the ease with which information is accessed along with the potential disclosure and misuse of personal information has raised serious concerns about the ability to restrict such information to legitimate accesses by duly authorized health-care providers. The authors present their experience in developing a health-care collaboration facility, ARTEMIS, which enabled Web-based access to electronic medical records, and provide a vision of their experiment to provide secure telemedicine for rural health-care practitioners.
Strategy for Medical Informatics Education at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Timisoara
Authors: Lungeanu V. , Mihalas G.I.
Published: March 2018

Our strategy for adapting a curriculum in medical informatics for medical students is presented. After a brief overview, some specific conditions are addressed, which account for some peculiarities of the objectives of our courses and of the design of the curriculum, including its integration in the overall medical curriculum. Some efforts concerning examinations and some specific educational tools are then discussed. The paper also deals with particular features concerning medical informatics education for dentistry and pharmacy students as well as for postgraduate courses, paying special attention to the doctoral level. Finally, future perspectives of medical informatics education are discussed.

The paper does not present a list of successes and achievements. We had, and still have several difficulties (not always related to financial drawbacks), which required a particular approach; the word “strategy”; in the title is also meant to cover these aspects.
The Structure of Data in Medical Records
Authors: Astrid M.
Published: March 2018

With the growing complexity of health care, patient data are more and more in demand for purposes such as research, education, postmarketing surveillance, quality assessment, and outcome analysis. Many of these purposes require patient data to be available in a structured, electronic format. Despite the rapid advances in computer technology, which allow patient data to be organized, analyzed, and shared, the majority of physicians still use paper medical records. Apparently, most physicians still perceive the paper record as being more suitable for their task than present day computerized versions. Both the shortcomings and the strengths of paper medical records have been identified and it proves difficult to design a computerized medical record that exploits the strengths of computers without loosing the advantages of the paper chart. The structure of patient data is an area of high interest, since structure determines how physicians, other health care workers, and patients may benefit from these data. An overview of research efforts in structuring patient data will offer insight in the problems that still impede a widespread use of the computerized patient record in clinical practice.
Coding Systems in Health Care
Authors: Cimino J. J.
Published: March 2018

Computer-based patient data which are represented in a coded form have a variety of uses, including direct patient care, statistical reporting, automated decision support, and clinical research. No standard exists which supports all of these functions. Abstracting coding systems, such as ICD, CPT, DRGs and MeSH fail to provide adequate detail, forcing application developers to create their own coding schemes for systems. Some of these schemes have been put forward as possible standards, but they have not been widely accepted. This paper reviews existing schemes used for abstracting, electronic record systems, and comprehensive coding. It also discusses the remaining impediments to acceptance of standards and the current efforts to overcome them, including SNOMED, the Gabrieli Medical Nomenclature, the Read Clinical Codes, GALEN, and the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS).
Constructing Workstation Applications: Component Integration Strategies for a Changing Health-Care System
Authors: Deibel S. R. A. , Greenes R. A.
Published: March 2018

A health-care workstation is the means by which a professional interacts with the information artifacts of health care. However, a major transformation is taking place in the software architecture of health-care systems that alters significantly the role of the workstation. Health-care systems are becoming more complex in response to the need to support “extended enterprises” across regions, and provide both horizontal and vertical integration capabilities. Component-based software methodologies are being introduced that match well the needs of these large systems and the component services they must integrate. In the component-based framework, a workstation functions less as a “portal” for information transactions carried out on distant host computers, and more as the “orchestrator” for tasks involved in assembling, organizing, presenting, and manipulating information. Applications residing on workstations access distributed software components that carry out encapsulated functions for the application. Componentintegration methodologies include both formal and ad hoc approaches; the principal emerging technologies are the World Wide Web (WWW), CORBA, Java, OLE, and OpenDoc. An emerging strategy appears to be that of developing application integration environments that encompass and support all of these integration methodologies. Component-based approaches also facilitate standardization at the message level, as messages to classes of components can serve to focus such standardization.
Education and Research in Health Informatics at the Faculty of Medicine of Marseille, Laboratory for Education and Research in Medical Information Processing (LERTIM)
Authors: Fieschi D. , Gouvernet J. , Joubert M. , Soula G. , Fieschi M.
Published: March 2018

This paper is a brief review of the research and training programs offered in Medical Informatics at the Faculty of Medicine of Marseille (LERTIM). Our laboratory teaches medical informatics and bio-statistics in the medical training curriculum, and prepares for specialised degrees and provides continuing medical education. The research projects developed by our team fall into four groups: clinical decision systems, health information systems, medical education systems, integration systems.
Charakteristische Hautveränderungen bei Rheumatoider Arthritis
Authors: Ziemer Mirjana , Müller Anne-Katrin , Oelzner Peter , Elsner Peter , Hein Gert
Published: March 2018

Hintergrund Das Spektrum an Hautveränderungen bei Rheumatoider Arthritis (RA) wurde in zahlreichen Übersichtsarbeiten mit dem Ziel der lückenlosen Zusammenstellung aller beobachteten Hautveränderungen dargestellt, was für den klinischen Alltag oft wenig hilfreich war und größtenteils nicht auf prospektiven Studien an größeren Patientenkollektiven basierte.

Patienten/Material und Methoden Es erfolgte eine Pubmed-Datenbankrecherche nach deutsch- und englischsprachigen, epidemiologischen, retrospektiven sowie prospektiven Studien an großen Patientenkollektiven zu Hautveränderungen bei Patienten mit RA. Diese berücksichtigen zum Teil auch Krankheitsaktivitätsscores, neuere diagnostische Parameter (anti-CCP-Antikörper) sowie neuere Medikamente (TNF-α -Blocker).

Ergebnisse Rheumaknoten sind mit einer Prävalenz zwischen 20–30% die häufigste relativ spezifische kutane Manifestation einer RA. Aktuelle Untersuchungen weisen darauf hin, dass sie häufiger bei längerer Erkrankungsdauer, Nachweis von Rheumafaktoren und Anti-CCP-Antikörper sowie unter Therapie mit Methotrexat, Leflunomid und TNF-α-Antagonisten auftreten. Eine zweite spezifische jedoch seltene Gruppe an Hautmanifestationen umfasst die ‚granulomatösen und neutrophilen Dermatitiden bei Immunkomplexerkrankungen’. Von überschätzter Bedeutung scheint hingegen das Auftreten der ‚rheumatoiden Vaskulitis’ zu sein. Die meisten „vaskulitischen“ Befunde bei Patienten mit RA lassen sich im Rahmen von Begleiterkrankungen wie chronisch-venöser Insuffizienz, arterieller Verschlusskrankheit oder Diabetes einordnen.

Schlussfolgerung Trotz zunehmend frühzeitiger Therapie der RA und dem Einsatz neuerer Medikamente wird kein Rückgang der Prävalenz von Rheumaknoten beobachtet. Deren sogar höhere Prävalenz unter Methotrexat, Leflunomid und TNF-α-Antagonisten könnte ein Hinweis dafür sein, dass Rheumaknoten durch die gegenwärtige medikamentöse Therapie nicht signifikant beeinflussbar sind. Anders als Rheumaknoten scheinen die ‚granulomatösen und neutrophilen Dermatitiden bei Immunkomplexerkrankungen’ und die ‚rheumatoide Vaskulitis’ durch die neueren Medikamente besser beeinflussbar zu sein. Wir haben den Versuch unternommen, eine Zusammen- und Gegenüberstellung der Kriterien für die spezifischeren RA-assoziierten Hautveränderungen zu erarbeiten. Tatsächlich lässt sich beginnend mit Rheumaknoten bis hin zur ‚rheumatoiden Vaskulitis’ ein fließender Übergang der klinisch-histologischen Charakteristika darstellen, der in erster Linie den Akuitätsparametern der RA sowie der Reaktionslage des Patienten zuzuschreiben ist.
Biologicals in der Rhinologie – Individualisierte Konzepte der Zukunft
Authors: Chaker Adam
Published: March 2018

Sinunasale Erkrankungen zählen mit zu den häufigsten chronischen Erkrankungen und führen zu einer erheblichen Störung der Lebensqualität, ein komorbides Asthma ist häufig. Trotz leitliniengerechter Therapie ist anzunehmen, dass mind. 20% der Patienten ihre Erkrankungssymptome nicht adäquat kontrollieren können. Neben den etablierten chirurgischen und konservativen Therapieoptionen finden sich nun vielversprechende Therapieansätze, die bspw. mittels therapeutischer Antikörper mechanistisch gezielt in die Pathophysiologie der Erkrankungen eingreifen können. Die Auswahl der geeigneten Patienten durch geeignete Biomarker und die richtige Therapie zum richtigen Stadium der Erkrankung anbieten zu können, ist das Ziel stratifizierter Medizin und eine wichtige Perspektive für die HNO.
Different Muscle Action Training Protocols on Quadriceps-Hamstrings Neuromuscular Adaptations
Authors: Ruas Cassio , Brown Lee , Lima Camila , Gregory  Haff G. , Pinto Ronei
Published: March 2018

The aim of this study was to compare three specific concentric and eccentric muscle action training protocols on quadriceps-hamstrings neuromuscular adaptations. Forty male volunteers performed 6 weeks of training (two sessions/week) of their dominant and non-dominant legs on an isokinetic dynamometer. They were randomly assigned to one of four groups; concentric quadriceps and concentric hamstrings (CON/CON, n=10), eccentric quadriceps and eccentric hamstrings (ECC/ECC, n=10), concentric quadriceps and eccentric hamstrings (CON/ECC, n=10), or no training (CTRL, n=10). Intensity of training was increased every week by decreasing the angular velocity for concentric and increasing it for eccentric groups in 30°/s increments. Volume of training was increased by adding one set every week. Dominant leg quadriceps and hamstrings muscle thickness, muscle quality, muscle activation, muscle coactivation, and electromechanical delay were tested before and after training. Results revealed that all training groups similarly increased MT of quadriceps and hamstrings compared to control (p<0.05). However, CON/ECC and ECC/ECC training elicited a greater magnitude of change. There were no significant differences between groups for all other neuromuscular variables (p>0.05). These findings suggest that different short-term muscle action isokinetic training protocols elicit similar muscle size increases in hamstrings and quadriceps, but not for other neuromuscular variables. Nevertheless, effect sizes indicate that CON/ECC and ECC/ECC may elicit the greatest magnitude of change in muscle hypertrophy.
Experimental and numerical investigation of the sound generation mechanisms of sibilant fricatives using a simplified vocal tract model
Authors: Yoshinaga Tsukasa , Nozaki Kazunori , Wada Shigeo
Published: March 2018

The sound generation mechanisms of sibilant fricatives were investigated with experimental measurements and large-eddy simulations using a simplified vocal tract model. The vocal tract geometry was simplified to a three-dimensional rectangular channel, and differences in the geometries while pronouncing fricatives /s/ and /∫/ were expressed by shifting the position of the tongue and its constricted flow channel. Experimental results showed that the characteristic peak frequency of the fricatives decreased when the distance between the tongue and teeth increased. Numerical simulations revealed that the jet flow generated from the constriction impinged on the upper teeth wall and caused the main sound source upstream and downstream from the gap between the teeth. While magnitudes of the sound source decreased with increments of the frequency, amplitudes of the pressure downstream from the constriction increased at the peak frequencies of the corresponding tongue position. These results indicate that the sound pressures at the peak frequencies increased by acoustic resonance in the channel downstream from the constriction, and the different frequency characteristics between /s/ and /∫/ were produced by changing the constriction and the acoustic node positions inside the vocal tract.
On multistability behavior of unstable dissipative systems
Authors: Anzo-Hernández A. , Gilardi-Velázquez H. E. , Campos-Cantón E.
Published: March 2018

We present dissipative systems with unstable dynamics called the unstable dissipative systems which are capable of generating a multi-stable behavior, i.e., depending on its initial condition, the trajectory of the system converges to a specific attractor. Piecewise linear (PWL) systems are generated based on unstable dissipative systems, whose main attribute when they are switched is the generation of chaotic trajectories with multiple wings or scrolls. For this PWL system, a structure is proposed where both the linear part and the switching function depend on two parameters. We show the range of values of such parameters where the PWL system presents a multistable behavior and trajectories with multiscrolls.
Equilibration and analysis of first-principles molecular dynamics simulations of water
Authors: Dawson William , Gygi François
Published: March 2018

First-principles molecular dynamics (FPMD) simulations based on density functional theory are becoming increasingly popular for the description of liquids. In view of the high computational cost of these simulations, the choice of an appropriate equilibration protocol is critical. We assess two methods of estimation of equilibration times using a large dataset of first-principles molecular dynamics simulations of water. The Gelman-Rubin potential scale reduction factor [A. Gelman and D. B. Rubin, Stat. Sci. 7, 457 (1992)] and the marginal standard error rule heuristic proposed by White [Simulation 69, 323 (1997)] are evaluated on a set of 32 independent 64-molecule simulations of 58 ps each, amounting to a combined cumulative time of 1.85 ns. The availability of multiple independent simulations also allows for an estimation of the variance of averaged quantities, both within MD runs and between runs. We analyze atomic trajectories, focusing on correlations of the Kohn-Sham energy, pair correlation functions, number of hydrogen bonds, and diffusion coefficient. The observed variability across samples provides a measure of the uncertainty associated with these quantities, thus facilitating meaningful comparisons of different approximations used in the simulations. We find that the computed diffusion coefficient and average number of hydrogen bonds are affected by a significant uncertainty in spite of the large size of the dataset used. A comparison with classical simulations using the TIP4P/2005 model confirms that the variability of the diffusivity is also observed after long equilibration times. Complete atomic trajectories and simulation output files are available online for further analysis.
Numerical simulation of runaway electrons: 3-D effects on synchrotron radiation and impurity-based runaway current dissipation
Authors: del-Castillo-Negrete D. , Carbajal L. , Spong D. , Izzo V.
Published: March 2018

Numerical simulations of runaway electrons (REs) with a particular emphasis on orbit dependent effects in 3-D magnetic fields are presented. The simulations were performed using the recently developed Kinetic Orbit Runaway electron Code (KORC) that computes the full-orbit relativistic dynamics in prescribed electric and magnetic fields including radiation damping and collisions. The two main problems of interest are synchrotron radiation and impurity-based RE dissipation. Synchrotron radiation is studied in axisymmetric fields and in 3-D magnetic configurations exhibiting magnetic islands and stochasticity. For passing particles in axisymmetric fields, neglecting orbit effects might underestimate or overestimate the total radiation power depending on the direction of the radial shift of the drift orbits. For trapped particles, the spatial distribution of synchrotron radiation exhibits localized “hot” spots at the tips of the banana orbits. In general, the radiation power per particle for trapped particles is higher than the power emitted by passing particles. The spatial distribution of synchrotron radiation in stochastic magnetic fields, obtained using the MHD code NIMROD, is strongly influenced by the presence of magnetic islands. 3-D magnetic fields also introduce a toroidal dependence on the synchrotron spectra, and neglecting orbit effects underestimates the total radiation power. In the presence of magnetic islands, the radiation damping of trapped particles is larger than the radiation damping of passing particles. Results modeling synchrotron emission by RE in DIII-D quiescent plasmas are also presented. The computation uses EFIT reconstructed magnetic fields and RE energy distributions fitted to the experimental measurements. Qualitative agreement is observed between the numerical simulations and the experiments for simplified RE pitch angle distributions. However, it is noted that to achieve quantitative agreement, it is necessary to use pitch angle distributions that depart from simplified 2-D Fokker-Planck equilibria. Finally, using the guiding center orbit model (KORC-GC), a preliminary study of pellet mitigated discharges in DIII-D is presented. The dependence of RE energy decay and current dissipation on initial energy and ionization levels of neon impurities is studied. The computed decay rates are within the range of experimental observations.
Multicanonical Monte Carlo evaluation of drag probability distribution functions
Authors: Tong Ming , Yevick David
Published: March 2018

The probability distribution of the drag generated by a two-dimensional square/rectangular obstacle is calculated both for quasi-random input flow patterns and for random surface roughness by employing the multicanonical Monte Carlo procedure in conjunction with the lattice Boltzmann method. The results demonstrate that the multicanonical method can estimate the probability distribution function in low-probability regions with far less computational effort than standard techniques.
A study on scattering correction for γ-photon 3D imaging test method
Authors: Xiao Hui , Zhao Min , Liu Jiantang , Chen Hao
Published: March 2018

A pair of 511KeV γ-photons is generated during a positron annihilation. Their directions differ by 180°. The moving path and energy information can be utilized to form the 3D imaging test method in industrial domain. However, the scattered γ-photons are the major factors influencing the imaging precision of the test method. This study proposes a γ-photon single scattering correction method from the perspective of spatial geometry. The method first determines possible scattering points when the scattered γ-photon pair hits the detector pair. The range of scattering angle can then be calculated according to the energy window. Finally, the number of scattered γ-photons denotes the attenuation of the total scattered γ-photons along its moving path. The corrected γ-photons are obtained by deducting the scattered γ-photons from the original ones. Two experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scattering correction method. The results concluded that the proposed scattering correction method can efficiently correct scattered γ-photons and improve the test accuracy.
‘Such Superfluity of Genera’: Ferdinand Mueller’s Criticism of Generic Limits in Wendland and Drude’s ‘Palmae Australasicae’ of 1875
Authors: Dowe John L.
Published: March 2018

Through the loan of herbarium specimens and unpublished manuscript descriptions of new palm species, Ferdinand Mueller made a contribution toward ‘Palmae Australasicae', the foundational taxonomic work on the palm family (Arecaceae/Palmae) in Australia, published by the German botanists Hermann Wendland and Oscar Drude in 1875. In ‘Palmae Australasicae', Wendland and Drude established twelve new genera and described eight new species, thus, in a single publication, increasing about two-fold the taxonomic and nomenclatural scope of the palm family in Australasia. For Australia (including Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island), they enumerated a total of sixteen genera, twenty-six species and three subspecies. Mueller, however, was critical of the taxonomic decisions made by Wendland and Drude, particularly concerning generic limits. Mueller's taxonomic views on the palms were conservative and his interpretation of generic limits was relatively broad, preferring fewer genera and more species in each genus.
Nutrient composition and in vitro methane production of sub-tropical grass species in transitional rangeland of South Africa
Authors: du Toit C. J. L. , van Niekerk W. A. , Meissner H. H. , Erasmus L. J. , Morey L.
Published: March 2018

The development of greenhouse gas mitigation strategies has become an important issue globally. Enteric methane (CH4) emissions from livestock do not only contribute substantially to the environmental footprint of livestock production but it also represents a loss of energy that could be channelled towards animal growth and production. In this study 14 sub-tropical grass species typical of transitional rangeland regions of South Africa were characterised in terms of ecological status, chemical composition, in vitro total gas and CH4 production. The aim of the study was 2-fold: to identify grass species that could be selected for low enteric CH4 production; evaluate the influence of rangeland ecological status on the methanogenic potential of a rangeland. Grass samples were collected by hand, air-dried, milled and analysed for nutrient composition, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) and in vitro gas and CH4 production. Cenchrus ciliaris and Urelytrum agropyriodes produced the highest 48-h in vitro CH4 of 17.49 and 14.05 mL/g DM digested respectively. The lowest 48-h in vitro CH4 was produced by Andropogan gayanus and Bothriochloa bladhii with 5.98 and 6.08 mL/g DM digested respectively. The evaluated grass species were overall of poor quality with low CP concentrations ranging from 2.4% for Trachypogon spicatus to 6.7% for Digitaria eriantha and IVOMD ranging from 22.5% for Andropogon gayanus to 42.2% for Urelytrum agropyriodes. Decreaser grass species presented with higher in vitro CH4 production compared with Increaser I and Increaser II grass species in the present study. The results of the study emphasise the importance of including the nutritional potential of grass species for improved livestock production when evaluating grass species for possible greenhouse gas mitigation strategies.
The Linguistic Landscape of religious expression in Israel
Authors: Kochav Sarah
Published: March 2018

The religious Linguistic Landscape of the town of Safed in the Upper Galilee in Israel was studied to determine the features, properties, and boundaries signifying the spectrum of belief in the Jewish Orthodox world. In Israel, where much of everyday life is defined within a religious context, signs, posters, stickers, flags, and graffiti are a common sight and express an ongoing dynamic in the Linguistic Landscape by referencing other dimensions expressed in dress, music, and dance as well as the Internet. Expanding on the initial study is a discussion as to whether the Linguistic Landscape is utilized to express the expectation of messianic redemption through the repetition of the images of spiritual leaders and the visual representations of a religious mantra.
Meat, guns, and God
Authors: Jenks Christopher
Published: March 2018

A trend exists in linguistic landscape research to examine urban spaces. Interest in urban spaces is a logical expression of ongoing migratory trends. While such research is helpful in advancing scholarship, there remains a need to examine how rural areas participate in the discursive construction of society. To address the recent urbanization of sociolinguistics, this paper examines how roadside billboards in rural areas of the United States discursively construct homeland messages. Using discourse analysis and drawing from linguistic landscape scholarship, the study explores how billboards draw from banal and sentimental homeland messages to forward a contentious issue, support a political candidate, and imagine a collective American identity. These discourses feed into, and are a part of, a larger network of ideologies that fabricate authentic notions of nationhood. The findings demonstrate that roadside billboards reflect a past time that flattens the cultural diversity of a nation into a static national image.
Researching the European Parliament with Corpus-Assisted Discourse Studies
Authors: Calzada-Pérez María
Published: March 2018

Parliaments are important and complex institutions. However, they are notably under-researched within linguistics and related fields. This is certainly the case with the European Parliament (EP). Drawing both on Corpus-Assisted Discourse Studies (CADS) and prior, manual research on parliamentary communication, this paper proposes and applies an analytical protocol to examine EP speeches. Although these are disseminated in various forms and through dissimilar means (e.g., live at the EP; the audiovisual format via streaming or recorded videos; or published as parliamentary proceedings), here we focus on proceedings – one of the EP’s main sources of official representation. Following the EP’s (unique) practice, where official proceedings do not distinguish between original and translated speeches but consider all texts of equal (legal) status, this study delves into all speech production in English, without separating source and target texts. In the most orthodox of CADS traditions, analysis proceeds from micro and macro-levels of texts into the macro-context (unlike other academic approaches, in which it proceeds in the opposite direction). This direction forces us to move from tangible, specific data to the enveloping setting in which these data are exchanged.
Analysis of the new examination process and German tests for sworn translators in Spain
Authors: Castillo Bernal María Pilar
Published: March 2018

The recent changes in the legislation on sworn translators and interpreters in Spain (Royal Decree 2002/2009, Order AEC/2125/2014) have brought about some modifications in the requisites and the access tests for this professional figure. Following the Resolution of 19 January 2015, new tests were conducted in 2015 in order to qualify translators and interpreters. This paper aims to analyze the new format of examination and the statistics of success of the candidates, with special focus on the German language. The current process shall also be compared to the now extinct academic process of qualification of sworn translators and interpreters in the framework of official translation degrees in Spain, in order to ascertain the most appropriate qualification method.
Hybrid texts and their influence on the work carried out by specialized translators
Authors: Pajares Nievas José Sergio , Peñalver Elena Alcalde
Published: March 2018

A genre can be defined as a conventionalized text form that has a specific function. Nevertheless, the complexity and uses given to texts have contributed to create new relations between genres, resulting in what we call hybrid texts. The traditional categorization that is commonly perceived as independent sections has to be analyzed and treated in a different way. In this study, we abandon this idea to show the importance of hybrid texts or genres and how these relations can determine the tasks and strategies followed by professional translators. In this case, we will focus on medical-legal texts, financial-legal texts and also other texts combining these three disciplines.
The audio describer as a cultural mediator
Authors: Sanz-Moreno Raquel
Published: March 2018

Audio Description (AD) is a modality of audiovisual translation that consists of making cultural products accessible to people who are blind or partially-sighted. Our study focuses on the contrastive analysis of the AD of four films in English and Spanish, our objective being to determine how the same visual cultural reference is described in two languages and for two target cultures. Using a descriptive methodology, we categorise and analyse cultural references followingDíaz Cintas and Remael’s (2007)classification and determine the translation strategies used. Our research shows that the decisions that the describer makes are conditioned by the distance, not only geographical but above all cultural, that exists between the audience and the culture that is reflected in the film. The describer becomes a mediator between cultures; that is why the greater the cultural distance, the higher their presence and involvement.
The multilingual university website (MUW) genre ecology
Authors: Ezpeleta-Piorno Pilar , Borja Albi Anabel
Published: March 2018

This article analyzes the content of Spanish university websites and the processes involved in translating them, with the aim of identifying the challenges internationalisation poses for these institutions and the technical, organisational, and translation-related solutions that have been adopted for managing their multilingual content, particularly in the case of universities in autonomous communities with two official languages. It examines the communicative situation of the multilingual university website (MUW) genre by applying textual genre analysis, with special emphasis on translation and localisation processes. The empirical study of the macrostructures, multilingual content, and strategies used by each university to translate its website is articulated through the notion of a genre ecology, as a complex conglomerate of genres based on distributed cognition and shared authorship. The analysis shows that the processes involved in creating multilingual content require adopting comprehensive translation and localisation strategies, establishing sole decision-makers for translation management and quality control, and providing the necessary resources to ensure the multifunctionality, dynamicity, interactivity, and adaptability we have identified in monolingual university websites. Finally, we offer suggestions for improving the creation, management and control of multilingual content, and define the profiles of the specialized translators required for this type of institutional website.
The syntax of nominal modification in Italian Sign Language (LIS)
Authors: Mantovan Lara , Geraci Carlo
Published: March 2018

In this paper, we investigate structural aspects of nominal modification in Italian Sign Language (LIS), a language with a relatively flexible word order. In order to tackle the issue, this study combines different approaches, including generalizations from typological universals on word order, their formal counterparts, and a variationist approach to language facts. Data come from the largest corpus of LIS currently available. Despite the absence of categorical rules, our mixed approach shows that LIS data are consistent with the general tenets of nominal modification. Results from the statistical analysis indicate that the attested language-internal variability is constrained both by linguistic and social factors. Specifically, a fine-grained structure of nominal modification is able to capture the internal variability of LIS. Processing effects, age, gender, and early exposure to the language also play a relevant role in determining order preferences.
Strain localisation and failure of dissimilar magnesium-based alloy friction stir welds
Authors: Hiscocks J. , Diak B. J. , Gerlich A. P. , Daymond M. R.
Published: March 2018

Dissimilar butted combinations of magnesium alloys AZ31, AZ61 and AZ80 were friction stir welded and transverse tensile tested until failure. Strain mapping across the deforming weld nugget and interfaces was carried out to correlate the deformation to the local microstructures. Mechanical performance was found to be highly dependent on the spatial distribution of alloys within the nugget and thus highly sensitive to changes in the tooling geometry. Process control requirements for repeatable, high-quality dissimilar friction stir welds will therefore be far more rigorous and challenging than those of similar welds of these alloys. In addition, proximity to the tool insertion point was found to decrease tensile performance, likely due to changes in tooling temperature.
Circulating extracellular vesicles as potential biomarkers in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: an exploratory pilot study
Authors: Castro‐Marrero Jesús , Serrano‐Pertierra Esther , Oliveira‐Rodríguez Myriam , Zaragozá Maria Cleofé , Martínez‐Martínez Alba , Blanco‐López María del Carmen , Alegre José
Published: March 2018

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), also known as Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME) is an acquired, complex and multisystem condition of unknown etiology, no established diagnostic lab tests and no universally FDA‐approved drugs for treatment. CFS/ME is characterised by unexplicable disabling fatigue and is often also associated with numerous core symptoms. A growing body of evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a role in cell‐to‐cell communication, and are involved in both physiological and pathological processes. To date, no data on EV biology in CFS/ME are as yet available. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterise blood‐derived EVs in CFS/ME. Blood samples were collected from 10 Spanish CFS/ME patients and 5 matched healthy controls (HCs), and EVs were isolated from the serum using a polymer‐based method. Their protein cargo, size distribution and concentration were measured by Western blot and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Furthermore, EVs were detected using a lateral flow immunoassay based on biomarkers CD9 and CD63. We found that the amount of EV‐enriched fraction was significantly higher in CFS/ME subjects than in HCs (p = 0.007) and that EVs were significantly smaller in CFS/ME patients (p = 0.014). Circulating EVs could be an emerging tool for biomedical research in CFS/ME. These findings provide preliminary evidence that blood‐derived EVs may distinguish CFS/ME patients from HCs. This will allow offer new opportunities and also may open a new door to identifying novel potential biomarkers and therapeutic approaches for the condition.
Improved resolution in extracellular vesicle populations using 405 instead of 488 nm side scatter
Authors: McVey Mark J. , Spring Christopher M. , Kuebler Wolfgang M.
Published: March 2018

Improvements in identification and assessment of extracellular vesicles (EVs) have fuelled a recent surge in EV publications investigating their roles as biomarkers and mediators of disease. Meaningful scientific comparisons are, however, hampered by difficulties in accurate, reproducible enumeration and characterization of EVs in biological fluids. High‐sensitivity flow cytometry (FCM) is presently the most commonly applied strategy to assess EVs, yet its utility is limited by variant ability to resolve smaller EVs. Here, we propose the use of 405 nm (violet) wavelength lasers in place of 488 nm (blue) for side scatter (SSC) detection to obtain greater resolution of EVs using high‐sensitivity FCM. To test this hypothesis, we modelled EV resolution by violet versus blue SSC in silico and compared resolution of reference beads and biological EVs from plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid using either violet or blue wavelength SSC EV detection. Mie scatter modelling predicted that violet as compared to blue SSC increases resolution of small (100–500 nm) spherical particles with refractive indices (1.34–1.46) similar to EVs by approximately twofold in terms of light intensity and by nearly 20% in SSC signal quantum efficiency. Resolution of reference beads was improved by violet instead of blue SSC with two‐ and fivefold decreases in coefficients of variation for particles of 300–500 nm and 180–240 nm size, respectively. Resolution was similarly improved for detection of EVs from plasma or BAL fluid. Violet SSC detection for high‐sensitivity FCM allows for significantly greater resolution of EVs in plasma and BAL compared to conventional blue SSC and particularly improves resolution of smaller EVs. Notably, the proposed strategy is readily implementable and inexpensive for machines already equipped with 405 nm SSC or the ability to accommodate 405/10 nm bandpass filters in their violet detector arrays.
Awareness of antiplatelet resistance in patient with repeated episodes of thrombotic events
Authors: Dalimunthe N N , Hamonangan R , Antono D , Prasetya I , Rusdi L
Published: March 2018

Antiplatelet has been the cornerstones management of acute coronary syndrome. However, numbers of patients on these agents had episodes of adverse cardiovascular events. A 65-year-old woman post cardiac coronary bypass surgery on dual antiplatelet therapy, Aspirin, and Clopidogrel underwent several episodes of thrombotic events despite good adhered to thedailyantiplatelet regimen.These recurrent events had led to clinical suspicious of antiplatelet resistance. Platelet function test was performed which indicates a poor platelet response to Clopidogrel. Clopidogrelwas discontinued and Ticagrelor was prescribed together with Aspirin. During two months of follow up, there is no episode of chest discomfort.
Positive correlation between retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and triglyceride level in central obesity
Authors: Oktaria S , Sari D K , Dalimunthe D , Eyanoer P C
Published: March 2018

Obesity has become an epidemic in both developed and developing countries. Central obesity considered a risk factor that is closely related to several chronic diseases. Central obesity is associated with elevated triglyceride levels and associated with RBP4 which can lead to insulin resistance. Increased level of RBP4 can cause lipid metabolism disorders and can become a marker for insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. This study aims to find the correlation of RBP4 with triglycerides and Apo B100 in central obesity. It was a cross- sectional study on 46 subjects with central obesity, aged 20-50 years old. Blood samples were taken in cubital vein and examined for RBP4 and triglyceride levels. Data analysis was performed using Spearman correlation test. The results showed that gender frequency distribution showed little difference between men and women, i. e., men 43.5% and women 56.5%. RBP4 level was positively correlated with triglyceride (r = 0.48) and statistically significant (p = 0.001). The rbp4 level was positively correlated with triglyceride, indicating the role of RBP4 on high triglyceride level in central obesity.
Automorphisms of curves and Weierstrass semigroups for Harbater–Katz–Gabber covers
Authors: Karanikolopoulos Sotiris , Kontogeorgis Aristides
Published: March 2018

We study

p
p

-group Galois covers

X
→

P

1

X \rightarrow \mathbb {P}^1

with only one fully ramified point in characteristic

p
>
0

p>0

. These covers are important because of the Harbater–Katz–Gabber compactification theorem of Galois actions on complete local rings. The sequence of ramification jumps is related to the Weierstrass semigroup of the global cover at the stabilized point. We determine explicitly the jumps of the ramification filtrations in terms of pole numbers. We give applications for curves with zero

p
p

-rank: we focus on curves that admit a big action. Moreover, we initiate the study of the Galois module structure of polydifferentials.
The Hidden Among the Hidden
Authors: Black Helen K. , Groce John T. , Harmon Charles E.
Published: March 2018

The question of our research and our book is as follows: What is the experience of African-American elder male caregivers? Research and literature on African-American older males as informal, primary caregivers of demented or impaired family members, particularly spouses, are negligible. Male caregivers in general have been called “hidden” caregivers. Thus, we named the elderly African-American male caregivers we interviewed for this book “the hidden among the hidden.” We asked the experts—a group of 13 African-American male caregivers—to discuss the concrete and nonmaterial aspects of giving care to an impaired loved one. Our book addresses the knowledge gap about African-American male caregivers by revealing, in case-study form, their experiences of caregiving in the context of their personal biography and cohort history. Our focus is the practical and existential meaning of daily life as a caregiver. The men discussed in this book are over 60 years of age, most are long married, and they have been caregivers in their homes for at least 5 years and as long as 25 years. Their loved ones, particularly wives, suffered from a variety of illnesses and debilities that necessitated hands-on care. The book examines varied aspects of the caregiving experience, the unique generativity of men who give care, and the emotions and conflicts about decision making that emerge in day-to-day caregiving.
The Strategies of Coping in Suffering and Caregiving
Authors: Black Helen K. , Groce John T. , Harmon Charles E.
Published: March 2018

If an experience is distressful enough to be called suffering, does it truly end, or does residue of the experience continue to assault the person’s wholeness? In this chapter, we offer three themes that that emerged as means to resolve suffering or to protect themselves from experiencing suffering despite distress. They are: (1) having goals, (2) sharing the power of the family story and (3) maintaining friendships with other African-American men. The three themes were often interrelated in men’s accounts. Men interviewed for this research revealed the importance of looking toward the future with hope and plans in hand, keeping previous generations alive through reminiscence and, seeking friendship with other men, particularly during caregiving (Black, 2015; Mattis et al., 2001) and showed older African-American male caregivers to be involved in reciprocal friendships with other men, which one man described as “what keeps me going.”
Caregiving as Pilgrimage
Authors: Black Helen K. , Groce John T. , Harmon Charles E.
Published: March 2018

In this chapter, we explore the experience of an elder husband who was the primary informal caregiver for his wife of 60 years. We describe their encounters as caregiver and care recipient through the years as a pilgrimage. We do so because we believe this word has a revered connotation. Generally, two or more people travel together to a pilgrimage site for the sake of gaining spiritual insight or meaning. In a pilgrimage, the journey toward the site becomes an important part of the sacred quest. The husband who is the subject of this chapter cared for his wife for over 25 years. Through the years, his wife became increasingly impaired and incurred several serious illnesses at the same time that he, as caregiver, experienced his own illnesses and the declines of age.
The Controversy over the Ode à la France
Authors: Wheeldon Marianne
Published: March 2018

Chapter 4 considers the posthumous premieres of 1928 and their performance in a high-profile concert commemorating the tenth anniversary of the composer’s death. The event sparked fevered debate in the press and occasioned a surge of vitriolic commentary. By performing unpublished works from Debussy’s student years as well as his final incomplete work, the Ode à la France, the concert program and ensuing controversy got to the heart of what was now at stake in the composer’s posthumous reputation: what should be commemorated and who had the authority to decide. The struggle over these two questions led to numerous exchanges in the press and culminated in a lawsuit that pitted the composer’s widow, Emma, against a committee formed of Debussy’s closest friends and colleagues. Whereas the previous chapters highlighted the antagonisms between the pre- and postwar generations, Chapter 4 turns its focus to the fissures within the debussyists themselves.
1. What is development?
Authors: Goldin Ian
Published: March 2018

Progress in tackling poverty over the past twenty-five years has been remarkable, but significant numbers of people remain in poverty and suffer severe deprivation despite the overall progress. ‘What is development?’ explains that there are many definitions of development and the concept itself has evolved rapidly since the Second World War. The concept now brings together economic, psychological, and environmental notions of development to meet physical, emotional, and social needs. Different development indicators are explained and the new challenges facing development progress are outlined, including climate change and health issues such as obesity and antibiotic resistance.