bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiotherapy Planning and Molecular Imaging in Lung Cancer
Authors: Filice Angelina , Casali Massimiliano , Ciammella Patrizia , Galaverni Marco , Fioroni Federica , Iotti Cinzia , Versari Annibale
Published: March 2020

Introduction:

In patients suitable for radical chemoradiotherapy for lung cancer, 18F-FDGPET/
CT is a proposed management to improve the accuracy of high dose radiotherapy. However, there
is a high rate of locoregional failure in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer
(NSCLC), probably due to the fact that standard dosing may not be effective in all patients. The aim of
the present review was to address some criticisms associated with the radiotherapy image-guided in
NSCLC.

Materials and Methods:

A systematic literature search was conducted. Only published articles that met
the following criteria were included: articles, only original papers, radiopharmaceutical ([18F]FDG and
any tracer other than [18F]FDG), target, only specific for lung cancer radiotherapy planning, and experimental
design (eventually “in vitro” studies were excluded). Peer-reviewed indexed journals, regardless
of publication status (published, ahead of print, in press, etc.) were included. Reviews, case
reports, abstracts, editorials, poster presentations, and publications in languages other than English
were excluded. The decision to include or exclude an article was made by consensus and any disagreement
was resolved through discussion.

Results:

Hundred eligible full-text articles were assessed. Diverse information is now available in the
literature about the role of FDG and new alternative radiopharmaceuticals for the planning of radiotherapy
in NSCLC. In particular, the role of alternative technologies for the segmentation of FDG uptake
is essential, although indeterminate for RT planning. The pros and cons of the available techniques
have been extensively reported.

:

Conclusion:

PET/CT has a central place in the planning of radiotherapy for lung cancer and, in particular,
for NSCLC assuming a substantial role in the delineation of tumor volume. The development of
new radiopharmaceuticals can help overcome the problems related to the disadvantage of FDG to accumulate
also in activated inflammatory cells, thus improving tumor characterization and providing
new prognostic biomarkers.
Liturgisches Gebet. Raum, Zeit und Gemeinschaft in benediktinischer Perspektive
Authors: Quartier OSB Thomas
Published: March 2020

Liturgical prayer constitutes space, time and community in Benedictine monasteries. Recent field-explorations indicate that visitors to abbey churches appreciate liturgical tradition and ascribe sacred meaning to their experiences. Furthermore, monks and nuns describe the shape of the Divine office, their personal attitude and their spiritual experience as constitutive for their spiritual practice. Until now, Monastic sources and their re-invention are not included in these liturgical studies. But what is the liturgical-spiritual motivation of liturgical prayer according to the Rule of Saint Benedict and its historical re-inventions? In this article, we explore this question, by using interpretative keys for selected liturgical spiritual texts from Benedictine tradition. First, we describe the Liturgical Movement in the 19th century as an example, especially the Abbey of Solesmes, using key texts of its founder Prosper Guéranger. After that, we read and interpret passages from the Rule and the Vita of St Benedict on space, time and community in liturgical prayer. Finally, we summarize our analysis by presenting reflective questions that offer an instrument for liturgical-spiritual reflection that can be helpful for liturgical studies and liturgical practice, inside and outside monasteries.
Examining mobile medical app usage intentions (Preprint)
Authors: Chang Chiao-Chen
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND

The successful operation of medical mobile applications primarily depends on the extent to which users are fully motivated to adopt it.

OBJECTIVE

Therefore, the primary purpose of this study is to investigate the factors influencing mobile medical application usage intentions.

METHODS

This study applied the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) to build a comprehensive model that explains the usage intentions of mobile medical apps.

RESULTS

Research findings confirm the validity of the UTAUT2 in explaining the intention of using mobile medical apps in the context of mobile medical services. Also, the results focus on the enhancement in the role of the other, rather contextual attributes of the IT/IS environment (i.e., personal involvement and personal innovativeness).

CONCLUSIONS

By conducting surveys, mobile medical app designers can know that personal involvement and personal innovativeness leads to influences on the effectiveness of corporate marketing efforts about using mobile medical apps.
Addressability of a Romanian Online Platform for Mental Health in the Workplace (Preprint)
Authors: Ladea Maria , Sofia Arina-Diana , Bran Mihai
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND

The importance of mental health and wellbeing is steadily gaining ground as our society progresses. As professional tasks become more complex and more demanding, employers are faced with the necessity of providing the adequate settings and resources for their employees’ wellbeing. Behavioural health can have significant impact over productivity and costs, numerous approaches having been developed thus far to promote mental health and to address mental health issues in the workplace.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this paper is to provide an insight on the use of specialist provided services via a Romanian science-driven online platform meant to increase employee engagement and performance, and to evaluate the satisfaction rate of customers in terms of mental health and wellbeing services provided.

METHODS

We have analysed the general activity on the Atlashelp.net (ATLAS) platform since its development in 2016, as well as the activity delivering services to different companies - providing mental health services (psychological counselling and psychotherapy), over a 2 year-period (2018 - 2019). Clients were encouraged to provide a service visual analogue star satisfaction rating, ranging from 1 star (minimal level of satisfaction) to 5 stars (maximum level of satisfaction).

RESULTS

Across the overall timeline since its development, 4,422 different sessions were provided to 741 different clients, both online (88.6%) and offline (11.4%), with a 9.22 average sessions per recurring client, and an overall 5.97 sessions per client overall, and progressively increasing general addressability, with an evident surge between 2018-2019 due to services provided to the corporate environment. The most frequently sought after services were various types of psychotherapy and psychological counselling, especially Cognitive and Behavioural Therapy (CBT). Overall user satisfaction review average was 4.82 out of a 5 maximum, an equivalent of a 96.4% satisfaction rate.

CONCLUSIONS

The elevated satisfaction rate of clients, together with the exponentially growing number of new clients addressing the platform and the high number of recurring one-to-one services throughout the period passed since its launch are all arguments for the subjectively beneficial role of services provided through the Atlashelp.net (ATLAS) platform. Almost 2 thirds of users benefitted from more than one session with a healthcare specialist, and one third returned for more than 5 sessions, highlighting the increased addressability of the platform. Further objective research would be required to specifically validate our findings.
What Do Banks, Rural Credit Institutions, and Regulators Infer from the Current Strengths and Standing of Indonesian SMEs?
Authors: Panjaitan Jenri , Darwin Muhadjir , Bastian Indra , Sukamdi Sukamdi
Published: March 2020

This study investigates whether the Indonesian regulators control Indonesian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with matching or mismatching empowerment strategies, in light of their strengths and current standing. Indonesian SMEs contributed approximately 60.34% to Indonesia’s gross domestic product (GDP) in 2018. In addition, Indonesian regulators have focused on financial support through credit policies and tax incentives. Indonesian SMEs have been standing on organizational readiness and readiness for change, based on their social networks and social cognition. It collected thirteen informants with different expertise and experiences. This study’s results suggest Indonesia’s regulatory body and financial institutions should consider the SMEs’ social cognition and organizational readiness for change. According to the current situation, to empower Indonesian SMEs, we recommend strategies such as achieving knowledge supremacy, creating an economic development board, as in Singapore, formulating comprehensive industry-wide policies, adopting omnibus laws, and implementing a shifting balance strategy. In other words, the Indonesian regulators should implement major reforms, which are similar to glasnost and perestroika in the former Soviet Union. This is to enhance Indonesian SMEs and achieve the goal of the Government of Indonesia (GoI) with respect to the optimal distinctiveness of Indonesia’s future economy. This optimal distinctiveness refers to the GoI’s policies, which focused on knowledge supremacy, an industry-wide regime, and research for empowerment.
A Systematic Review and Jurisdictional Scan of the Evidence Characterizing and Evaluating Assisted Peritoneal Dialysis Models
Authors: Hofmeister Mark , Klarenbach Scott , Soril Lesley , Scott-Douglas Nairne , Clement Fiona
Published: March 2020

Background and objectives

Compared with hemodialysis, home peritoneal dialysis alleviates the burden of travel, facilitates independence, and is less costly. Physical, cognitive, or psychosocial factors may preclude peritoneal dialysis in otherwise eligible patients. Assisted peritoneal dialysis, where trained personnel assist with home peritoneal dialysis, may be an option, but the optimal model is unknown. The objective of this work is to characterize existing assisted peritoneal dialysis models and synthesize clinical outcomes.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

A systematic review of MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trails, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL was conducted (search dates: January 1995–September 2018). A focused gray literature search was also completed, limited to developed nations. Included studies focused on home-based assisted peritoneal dialysis; studies with the assist provided exclusively by unpaid family caregivers were excluded. All outcomes were narratively synthesized; quantitative outcomes were graphically depicted.

Results

We included 34 studies, totaling 46,597 patients, with assisted peritoneal dialysis programs identified in 20 jurisdictions. Two categories emerged for models of assisted peritoneal dialysis on the basis of type of assistance: health care and non–health care professional assistance. Reported outcomes were heterogeneous, ranging from patient-level outcomes of survival, to resource use and transfer to hemodialysis; however, the comparative effect of assisted peritoneal dialysis was unclear. In two qualitative studies examining the patient experience, the maintenance of independence was identified as an important theme.

Conclusions

Reported outcomes and quality were heterogeneous, and relative efficacy of assisted peritoneal dialysis could not be determined from included studies. Although the patient voice was under-represented, suggestions to improve assisted peritoneal dialysis included using a person-centered model of care, ensuring continuity of nurses providing the peritoneal dialysis assist, and measures to support patient independence. Although attractive elements of assisted peritoneal dialysis are identified, further evidence is needed to connect assisted peritoneal dialysis outcomes with programmatic features and their associated funding models.
La política de la identidad y la izquierda
Authors: Hobsbawm Eric
Published: March 2020

La política de la identidad y la izquierda
Cuerpos nómadas
Authors: Eltit Diamela
Published: March 2020

Cuerpos nómadas
Feminista y católica
Authors: Navarro Marysa
Published: March 2020

Feminista y católica
Y tú, ¿quién eres?
Authors: Pimentel Luz Aurora
Published: March 2020

Y tú, ¿quién eres?
Más bien no: mesa redonda de veinteañeras
Authors: Autoras Varias
Published: March 2020

Más bien no: mesa redonda de veinteañeras
En el balcón vacío
Authors: Elío María Luisa
Published: March 2020

En el balcón vacío
Postmetafísica de las adolescencias
Authors: Mendiola Salvador
Published: March 2020

Postmetafísica de las adolescencias
De otredades y extranjerías
Authors: Lorenzano Sandra
Published: March 2020

De otredades y extranjerías
Por qué el 30% mínimo de las oportunidades políticas para las mujeres
Authors: Por el Cambio Congreso de Mujeres
Published: March 2020

Por qué el 30% mínimo de las oportunidades políticas para las mujeres
Plancarte (Opus 219)
Authors: Felipe Liliana , Rodríguez Jesusa
Published: March 2020

Plancarte (Opus 219)
¿Quién soy?
Authors: Labastida Pablo , Chen Charpentier Gilberto , Hellion Gerardo , Castellanos Herrera Ulises , Alcaraz Lorena , Goded Maya , González Lucero , Yampolsky Mariana
Published: March 2020

¿Quién soy?
¿Cómo puedo poner lo mejor de mí misma?
Authors: Bocchetti Alessandra
Published: March 2020

¿Cómo puedo poner lo mejor de mí misma?
Reparaciones
Authors: Mansour Mónica
Published: March 2020

Reparaciones
Nuevos valores sexuales
Authors: Lamas Marta
Published: March 2020

Nuevos valores sexuales
Las mujeres como agentes dobles en la historia
Authors: Masiello Francine , Botton-Burlá Flora
Published: March 2020

Las mujeres como agentes dobles en la historia
En los bordes del deseo
Authors: Baz Margarita , Cano Gabriela , González Lucero , La Madrid Mara , Lamas Marta , Lara Isabel , Piccini Mabel , Moreno Hortensia , Parada Ampudia Lorenia
Published: March 2020

En los bordes del deseo
Contradicciones de la modernidad: el no divorcio en Chile
Authors: Rojas Mira Claudia
Published: March 2020

Contradicciones de la modernidad: el no divorcio en Chile
Canción: Cuando cumpla los 80 (Opus 243)
Authors: Felipe Liliana , Rodríguez Jesusa
Published: March 2020

Cuando cumpla los 80 (Opus 243)
Espacio y diferenciación de género: (hacia la configuración de heterotopías de placer)
Authors: García Canal María Inés
Published: March 2020

Espacio y diferenciación de género: (hacia la configuración de heterotopías de placer)
Hacia un análisis de la relación arquitectnónica entre género femenino y la raza en Bolivia
Authors: Stephenson Marcia
Published: March 2020

Hacia un análisis de la relación arquitectnónica entre género femenino y la raza en Bolivia
De sirvientas a trabajadoras: la cara cambiante del servicio doméstico en la ciudad de México
Authors: Goldsmith Mary
Published: March 2020

De sirvientas a trabajadoras: la cara cambiante del servicio doméstico en la ciudad de México
Contra el coche
Authors: Moreno Hortensia
Published: March 2020

Contra el coche
Hermeneuta de los orinales
Authors: Boullosa Carmen
Published: March 2020

Hermeneuta de los orinales
Del amoroso enredo en la literatura: entrevista con Margo Glantz
Authors: Lorenzano Sandra
Published: March 2020

Del amoroso enredo en la literatura: entrevista con Margo Glantz
¿Cuál es el límite para la población de la tierra?
Authors: Amador Carlos
Published: March 2020

¿Cuál es el límite para la población de la tierra?
Una lectura del libro de Francoise Héritier, Les deux soeurs et leur mere, desde una reflexión sobre la construcción del lazo social
Authors: Vatant Francoise
Published: March 2020

Una lectura del libro de Francoise Héritier, Les deux soeurs et leur mere, desde una reflexión sobre la construcción del lazo social
Ideas fijas
Authors: Mendiola Salvador
Published: March 2020

Ideas fijas
La noche se hizo para los hombres: las regulaciones sexuales del cortejo en una comunidad cañera
Authors: Rodríguez Gabriela , De Keijzer Benno
Published: March 2020

La noche se hizo para los hombres: las regulaciones sexuales del cortejo en una comunidad cañera
Los testamentos traicionados
Authors: Kundera Milan , De Moura Beatriz
Published: March 2020

Los testamentos traicionados
Teatro e identidad: (a guisa de prólogo a esta traducción)
Authors: Lourties Marie
Published: March 2020

Teatro e identidad: (a guisa de prólogo a esta traducción)
Pobrecitos los psicoanalizados
Authors: Priego María Teresa
Published: March 2020

Pobrecitos los psicoanalizados
Asamblea de diversidades
Authors: Bonfil Carlos , Brito Alejandro
Published: March 2020

Asamblea de diversidades
Jean Franco: otra política para el arte
Authors: García Canclini Néstor
Published: March 2020

Jean Franco: otra política para el arte
Un fantasma recorre el manifiesto: el fantasma del feminismo
Authors: Bellucci Mabel , Norman Viviana
Published: March 2020

Un fantasma recorre el manifiesto: el fantasma del feminismo
Mi mejor amiga
Authors: Priego María Teresa
Published: March 2020

Mi mejor amiga
El destino y la libertad
Authors: De la Barreda Solórzano Luis
Published: March 2020

El destino y la libertad
La voz de Alaíde Foppa
Authors: Celorio Gonzalo
Published: March 2020

La voz de Alaíde Foppa
Diagonales inesperadas: creadoras de imágenes
Authors: Mendiola Salvador
Published: March 2020

Diagonales inesperadas: creadoras de imágenes
Permítame (Opus 272) II
Authors: Sasanov Catherine , Felipe Liliana
Published: March 2020

Permítame (Opus 272) II
Comentarios y respuestas a Confounding gender de Hawkesworth ¿Quién necesita la teoría del género?
Authors: Mckenna Wendy , Kessler Suzanne
Published: March 2020

Comentarios y respuestas a Confounding gender de Hawkesworth ¿Quién necesita la teoría del género?
Comentario sobre Confounding Gender de Hawkesworth. Steven G. Smith
Authors: Smith G. Steven
Published: March 2020

Comentario sobre Confounding Gender de Hawkesworth. Steven G. Smith
Paño, tela, género
Authors: Venier Martha Elena
Published: March 2020

Paño, tela, género
Cuerpos y sexualidad en Francia en tiempos del sida
Authors: Rozat Guy
Published: March 2020

Cuerpos y sexualidad en Francia en tiempos del sida
Ofelia: ¿persona non grata?
Authors: Sefchovich Sara
Published: March 2020

Ofelia: ¿persona non grata?
Mujeres y escritura a propósito de Otramente
Authors: Lorenzano Sandra
Published: March 2020

Mujeres y escritura a propósito de Otramente
¿Qué determina las condiciones de verdad?
Authors: Peacocke Christopher
Published: March 2020

In this paper a question is asked about what the relation is between the acceptance conditions of what is believed and the conditions for what is believed to determine the truth value true. By an "acceptance condition" of a given content, it is meant a correct statement of a normative condition concerning that content, and it is argued in support of the conjeture that there is a conception of a content's acceptance conditions on which those acceptance conditions determine its truth conditions. The position towards which the arguments run is summarized as "manifestationism without verificationism" . It is argued for the conjeture first in the case of certain observational contents and next in connection with universally quantified contents.
Mauricio Beuchot, Ensayos marginales sobre Aristóteles
Authors: García de la Sienra Adolfo
Published: March 2020

Resumen
Consideraciones sobre una semiología de la ciencia
Authors: Echeverría Javier
Published: March 2020

One of the main deficiencies of the twentieth century philosophy of science, in spite of evident achievements in the logical analysis and reconstruction of scientific theories, is the separation between formal sciences and those sciences with empirical contents. This distinction derives from Carnap and it was generally admitted by the Vienna Circle since the publication of “Formalwissenschaft und Realwissenschaft” in Erkenntnis in 1935. Later philosophy of science, in spite of other criticism of the neopositivist programme, has maintained this separation. It can be claimed that Realwissenschaften, physics in particular, have determined the development of later philosophy of science. Analyses of scientific theories most of the time refer to physical theories, and occasionally to biological ones. There is still a lot to be done in the field of mathematics and logic, in order to analyse and reconstruct their theories.

But even if this task is undertaken, and some progress has been done lately, there is still a lot of work to do before a general theory of science can be proposed which transcends such a division between formal and empirical sciences, let alone the human or social sciences. This paper is intended as a contribution to supersede the first dichotomy between formal and physical sciences.

One of the main problems in order to make some progress along these lines is that since its origins logical positivism had a deficient theory of knowledge, and the same happened with analytical philosophy developed immediately afterwards. This paper thus criticises examples of such a type of theory of knowledge, as expressed in Wittgenstein’s Tractatus, and Russell’s Philosophy of Logical Atomism. The core argument is as follows: these theorizations are inadequate for scientific knowledge; this type of knowledge, particularly the notion of ‘sign’ cannot be adapted to the simple scheme proposed in those works.

The criticism here undertaken is developed from a rationalist point of view, in a sense which is closer to Leibniz and Saussure, than to recent philosophers fascinated with the word ‘reason’. Some new proposals are put forward, necessarily provisional, which justify the term, which in turn could be perfectly substituted by another, of Semiology of Science.
¿Moral del deber o moral de la virtud?
Authors: Guariglia Osvaldo N.
Published: March 2020

This paper is a discussion of the problem of translating theoretically well founded normative propositions into behaviourary maxims effectively applicable for moral agents. To this end I consider, in the first place, the solution proposed by the theorists of moral duty in its two forms: systematic morality and critical morality. First, the Kantian theory of intelligible will is examined and shown to be unsatisfactory. Secondly, I consider Hare's proposal which presents itself as a variant on the problem of the weakness of the will; this solution turns out to be unsatisfactory as well. Then I consider the solution afforded by the morality of virtue from Aristotle to MacIntyre, in particular its application to the distinction between the akratés and the akólastos. It is shown in what manner this solution can open the way to cultural relativism, and from there to morality. I conclude by pointing out that the problem is at present an insoluble one whose terms I have tried to clarify.
D.M. Armstrong, What is a Law of Nature?
Authors: Villanueva Enrique
Published: March 2020

Resumen
Algunos problemas acerca de la objetividad y la racionalidad en ciencia según la concepción de Dudley Shapere
Authors: Olivé León
Published: March 2020

Resumen
Wittgenstein: The Nature of Philosophy
Authors: Lazerowitz Morris
Published: March 2020

Wittgenstein, con mayor profundidad que cualquier otro filósofo, comprendió la naturaleza de la filosofía. Sus observaciones acerca de ella se asemejan a los diagnósticos de un sicoanalista sobre su paciente. La filosofía era para él una aberración neurótica en espera de tratamiento. De ahí que, desde su perspectiva, comprender un problema filosófico sea de hecho solucionarlo. Lo que el filósofo pretende es alterar los modos establecidos de expresión, creyendo al mismo tiempo que dice algo profundo acerca de la naturaleza de las cosas. No se percata de que sus proposiciones.son semánticamente ociosas. Ejemplos notables son las tesis de Heraclito de que todo fluye y la solipsista de que sólo mis experiencias son reales. Como en muchos otros casos de proposiciones filosóficas, en estos se pretende retirar de la circulación una frase (e.g., 'permanece el mismo') mientras que se mantiene fija su antitesis. Las tesis filosóficas se refuerzan por fantasías inconscientes a las que dan expresión intelectual. También el solipsismo es una propuesta de cambio de convenciones lingüísticas, sin consecuencias para la conducta. Afirmaciones como la de que sólo yo soy real tienen, empero, la apariencia de una aseveración factual, pero en el fondo sólo crean la ilusión de que se esta diciendo algo profundo. Ésa es precisamente su función. Las oraciones solipsistas le confieren a sus usuarios un "monopolio del ego" altamente satisfactorio, presentando como una teoría lo que no es mas que una modificación lingüística. La posición solipsista tiene tres componentes: 1) un uso académico de palabras como 'real' que hace que esta se aplique únicamente a la referenda del pronombre 'yo'; 2) una apariencia engañosa de que la oración solipsista es parte de una teoría que sirve para enunciar hechos y 3) una fantasía inconsciente de auto-agrandamiento narcisista generado por las connotaciones del uso académico de 'real'. [Alejandro Tomasini Bassols]
José Luis Díaz, Análisis estructural de la conducta
Authors: M. Valdés Margarita
Published: March 2020

Resumen
Problems of Discourse Theory
Authors: Alexy Robert
Published: March 2020

En la teoría del discurso hay tres categorías de problemas. El primer grupo de problemas se presenta cuando la teoría del discurso se considera como una teoría de la verdad. El segundo grupo investiga su aplicabilidad práctica, y el tercero se ocupa de la justificación de la teoría del discurso. Nos referimos al estatuto de la teoría del discurso como teoría de la verdad cuando discutimos las relaciones entre los conceptos de verdad y de corrección y los conceptos de consenso, de discusión ilimitada y de racionalidad. Nos enfrentamos al problema de la aplicabilidad si a la teoría del discurso se le acusa de carecer de contenido y de ser meramente formal, lo cual se manifiesta en el hecho de que no conduce a ningún resultado definitivo. El problema de la justificación es el problema de establecer razones concluyentes para las reglas y los principios del discurso.

Aquí se discuten solamente los dos primeros problemas: el problema del estatuto y el problema de la aplicabilidad. Ambos problemas pertenecen a todas las formas de discurso. Se presentan, por ejemplo, en el discurso teórico, en el discurso práctico y en el estético, etc. En el articulo se considera únicamente el discurso práctico.
Subjunctives
Authors: Slater B. H.
Published: March 2020

En este articulo se intenta dar un análisis de los condicionales subjuntivos a partir de principios lógicos generales usando, de manera específica, una formalización de los pronombres que utiliza términos épsilon hilbertianos que se han estudiado en otro lugar. Esto permite aislar un condicional, cuya probabilidad es una probabilidad condicional, y se tiene así un condicional subjuntivo que satisface la hipótesis de Stalnaker, y evade los resultados de trivialidad de Lewis. Sin embargo, resulta que se dispone de una segunda forma subjuntiva sin estas propiedades y se propone, para esclarecer esto, una formalización general de los subjuntivos en la que se toma ‘sería el caso que’ como un operador cuasi-modal.
Una observación a Fromm (Sobre las repercusiones éticas de los descubrimientos de Freud)
Authors: Zirión Q. Antonio
Published: March 2020

Resumen
Belief and Contradiction
Authors: Da Costa Newton C.A. , French Steven
Published: March 2020

Este artículo forma parte de una serie de trabajos cuya cuestión central es la relativa a la existencia de creencias contradictorias. En un artículo anterior (da Costa y French inédito a) presentamos tres sistemas de lógica doxástica, incluyendo uno paraconsistente, y argumentamos que quizá este último sea el más apropiado para caracterizar los casos en que existen creencias contradictorias. Un ejemplo de tales casos es el ‘auto-engaño’ [self-deception], que por lo común se considera que ocurre cuando una persona cree p y no-p simultáneamente. En da Costa y French inédito b defendemos esa caracterización contra ciertas tentativas de eliminar la contradicción, y alegamos que ésta puede ser mejor expresada por un sistema doxástico paraconsistente. En el presente artículo insertamos nuestros argumentos anteriores en el contexto más amplio de la lógica deóntica paraconsistente, comprendiendo estudios de akrasia y de razones conflictivas para actuar. Algunos de los puntos tocados y que merecen mayor desarrollo en el futuro son: i) La conexión entre creencias inconsistentes y conflictos en la acción. Aquí, una lógica doxástica paraconsistente se adecua muy bien a una lógica deóntica paraconsistente. ii) La resolución de tales conflictos. Si en un conflicto moral ambos enunciados de deber [ought-statements] pueden ser verdaderos, entonces decidir en favor de uno no implica la eliminación del error con respecto al otro. Es decir, ahora podemos dar cuenta de los ‘casos de arrepentimiento’ [facts of regret] y restaurar las conexiones con ciertas concepciones del cognitivismo moral. iii) La conexión entre lo expuesto y la akrasia, pues parece razonable que los casos de arrepentimiento sobre algo estén relacionados con razones para hacer aquella cosa. Esta conexión, obviamente, puede ser formalizada en un esquema paraconsistente, el cual también puede ayudarnos a explicar en qué sentido la akrasia es irracional. Todas esas conexiones son muy complejas y no queremos decir que podamos resolver todos los problemas filosóficos de esta área recurriendo a la lógica paraconsistente, pero estamos persuadidosde que ésta puede constituirse, por lo menos en una primera etapa, en la dirección de dicha resolución. Traducción de Gustavo Andrés Caponi UNICAMP
Wenceslao J. González, La teoría de la referencia: Strawson y la filosofía analítica
Authors: Peña Lorenzo
Published: March 2020

Resumen
Skepticism and Davidson's Omniscient Interpreter Argument
Authors: Ward Andrew
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Tolerância e interpretação
Authors: Dascal Marcelo
Published: March 2020

En este texto se desarrolla un argumento en favor de la tolerancia que se basa en una crítica deI modelo "semántico ingenuo" de la comprensión deI lenguaje. Este modelo, como lo ilustraron tanto Popper como Mao Tse-Tung, supone la objetividad y la independencia del contexto de la comprensión deI discurso (incluyendo los textos). Desde este punto de vista, la crítica de las concepciones 'erróneas' es un problema puramente lógico, que tiene que ver con la detección de inconsistencias, la falta de evidencia, u otras insuficiencias lógicas de las concepciones criticadas. En contra de esto se afirma que las regIas semánticas deI Ienguaje resultan siempre insuficientes para determinar eI "significado" de un texto o de cualquier otro fragmento de discurso. No hay duda de que la semântica desempena un papel en la determinación de ese significado, pero siempre debe complementarse con una interpretación pragmática. Esta última, a diferencia de la semántica, se encuentra sometida no a regIas algorítmicas, sino a regIas heurísticas. En consecuencia, sus resultados son siempre tentativos y están sujetos a revisión. El "significado" de un texto o discurso, por lo tanto, no es un "hecho dado" objetivo e inobjetable, sino algo que depende de la actividad y los supuestos interpretativos de quienes leen eltexto y buscan criticarIo. A pesar de su carácter heurístico, la interpretación pragmática no es aleatoria ni totalmente subjetiva, ya que se basa en normas y tradiciones interpretativas. No obstante, el reconocimiento de su papel y de su naturaleza proporciona un argumento adicional en favor de la tolerancia de concepciones aparentemente 'erróneas'. Este argumento difiere de los argumentos de Mill en que se apoya explícitamente en la falibilidad de la comprensión del lenguaje, mientras que Mill se apoya en la falibilidad del juicio.
The Causalist Program. Rational or Irrational Persistence?
Authors: Flichman Eduardo H.
Published: March 2020

El análisis de las conexiones nomológicas se confunde a menudo con el de la causación. Mi propuesta, que se basa en las ideas de Bertrand Russell, plantea tratar el primer problema (programa acausalista) en contextos científicos, y rechazar el viejo programa casualista, viciado de imprecisión y antropomorfismo. Intento explicar por qué aun los análisis más sofisticados de la causación recaen en las dificultades que pretenden eludir (por ejemplo, en el problema de la asimetría). Mi intención principal es tratar de explicar por qué creo que el causalista es un típico programa degenerativo, en el sentido de Lakatos. También intento contestar ciertas preguntas acerca de la racionalidad, la objetividad y el progreso, en relación con los programas causalista y acausalista. Línea argumental 1. La relación p (de producción) y la conexión nomológica son componentes esenciales de la causación. 2. Pero p tiene componentes esenciales irreductiblemente antropomórficos. Y p introduce la asimetría en la causación. 3. Señalo que ningún análisis de la causación que prescinda de p ha podido resolver problemas como el de la asimetría. 4. Y que p se resiste a cualquier análisis que pretenda eliminar su antropomorfismo. 5. Al eliminarse p, ésta debe ser reemplazada por relaciones sucedáneas asimétricas que no son esenciales a la causación. 6. Por lo tanto, siempre podemos encontrar contraejemplos en los que se da la relación sucedánea y no la causación (ni p) y viceversa.
Ward on Davidson's Refutation of Scepticism
Authors: Hurtado Guillermo
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Estructuras y representaciones
Authors: García de la Sienra Adolfo
Published: March 2020

The aim of the present paper is to set a philosophical basis in order to discuss the type of representation that holds between mathematical structures and those aspects of the real world which they represent. It is maintained that an actualized version of Aristotelian metaphysics is suited for this purpose. The connection between the abstract, rigid concepts of mathematics, and the concepts of metaphysics is attempted through the concept of a fundamental measurement. The existence and degree of uniqueness of a fundamental measurement is established as a representation theorem asserting the existence of a homomorphism from what I call an ontological structure into a numerical one. An ontological structure contains as elements real beings, and its relations represent —in a sense made precise thereof— real relations among these beings. The role of metaphysics in the establishment of a representation theorem is to provide the conceptual apparatus required to discuss and formulate the ontological axioms required to derive the theorem. The paper contains a very complete example of a fundamental measurement in the sense described, namely, the measurement of the height of a physical parallelepiped and that of its potential parts.
Origen y desembocadura de la acción: el sujeto inevitable
Authors: Cruz Manuel
Published: March 2020

This paper formally deals with the unfolding of an answer to the question: to whom is an action to be ascribed? or, stated more precisely, it pretends to be an analysis of the principle that the action pertains to whom it is attributed to. In order to avoid falling into subjectivistic or individualistic positions, which might totally ascribe the meaning of an action solely to the agent, the matter is studied from the intersubjective control of the action —taking special account of the proposals advanced by Hart, Feinberg and Gardiner. Hence, the question of the “irresponsible action” (i.e. that one claimed by no one), through a consideration of the categories of ascription and responsibility, facilitates a restatement of the problem as to whether there exist different qualities of action and, in the affirmative, where the differences must he drawn. In this connection, special reference is made to Kotarbinski, Ryle, Danto, and Davidson, among others. A tentative conclusion, more than discarding the intention, reveals the necessity of restoring it in a more collective, public and all pervasive perspective; in other words, it discloses the convenience of taking into account the various modes of existence of the agent.
La objetividad del azar en un mundo determinista
Authors: Martínez Sergio
Published: March 2020

This paper deals with the notion of objective randomness in classical deterministic theories. After the introduction, section 2 establishes an important distinction between a strictly metaphysical thesis of determinism (as characterized in the Montague-Earman definition, for example), and the doctrine of determinism, which can be roughly characterized as a methodological set of principles. The doctrine of determinism is associated with the idea that probability assignments can only reflect our ignorance of facts, and it also grounds the (ontological) thesis of separability: A system or process can be characterized completely in terms of the properties that a system has when in a given state, independently of the properties of other systems, The key notions of "completeness" and "independence" are only briefly discussed, as they are examined more in depth elsewhere.

Section three examines attempts to characterize a notion of objective randomness in ergodic theory. The characterization can be seen to be equivalent to the formulation of a notion of a "physically impossible process". One way of expressing this idea is grounded on the thesis of the "coarse graining" of our measuring instruments. This leads to the problem of distinguishing "objective" from "apparent" randomness. The problem seems to be intrinsic to any attempt of characterizing the required notion of physical impossibility (and thus of objective randomness) in terms of an ideal observer. The alternative of trying to characterize physical impossibility in terms of a theory of algorithms suffers from the difficulty that it is not clear what would be the required notion of (non-epistemic) computability.

The "coarse graining" approach, as well as the alternative in terms of a theory of algorithms seem to share the usual confusion between a strictly metaphysical thesis of determinism and the (methodological) doctrine of determinism. In section four an alternative approach is suggested. It is noticed that a denial of the thesis of separability is compatible with a strict deterministic theory, and thus that at least some classical systems (the "statistical" ones) can be described in terms of non-separable states. We do not have to think that the impossibility of preparing a classical state is too only possible explanation for physical (objective) randomness in deterministic theories. This proposal is an elaboration of an idea of Blatt (1959), although Blatt was still trying to understand objective randomness within an ideal-observer framework.[S.M.]
Sobre justificación y verdad: respuesta a León Olivé
Authors: Villoro Luis
Published: March 2020

Resumen
Más allá de la presuposición newtoniana: propiedades genuinamente disposicionales en la mecánica cuántica
Authors: Martínez Sergio
Published: March 2020

A central metaphysical thesis of modern science has been the idea that the structure of a physical system can be explained in terms of the properties of its constitutive subsystems. I call this presupposition the Newtonian merological presupposition. After some brief introductory remarks on the role of this presupposition in the methodology of modern physics, and after mentioning some recent challenges to it, I focus my attention on quantum systems. Quantum mechanics is the only highly confirmed theory in which the Newtonian merological presupposition is denied. I argue that the presence of a non-Newtonian (holistic) merological structure is the result of the existence of two different types of properties, and in particular of the existence of genuinely dispositional properties. Genuinely dispositional properties are properties of a system which are not reducible to occurrent properties of the subsystems. This distinction between two different types of properties can be made precise in a lattice theoretical modeling of the possible properties and states attributable to a quantum system. I conclude by giving an example of the sort of genuinely dispositional properties that are constitutive of quantum systems.
A Crucial Distinction: Initial Data and Law Application Instances
Authors: Flichman Eduardo H.
Published: March 2020

Dos tipos de enunciados auxiliares que integran —si bien no estrictamente— la estructura de las teorías de las ciencias naturales, se suelen confundir entre sí: nos referimos a los datos iniciales y a las instancias de aplicación. Un análisis profundo de sus diferencias permite la posibilidad de distinguir, en un segundo paso, las leyes naturales de las uniformidades accidentales en teorías ya constituidas. Los datos iniciales agregados a leyes generales o derivadas permiten deducir un dato final que, si posee cuantificación universal se puede identificar con una uniformidad accidental. En cambio, las instancias de aplicación, agregadas a leyes generales o derivadas, permiten la deducción de instancias de ley, eliminando cuantificadores universales.
El logicismo russelliano: su significado filosófico
Authors: Rodríguez Consuegra Francisco
Published: March 2020

After a brief presentation of Russell' s logicism, I attempt a global explanation of its philosophical significance. I reject the existence of two different kinds of logicism (Putnam) with the argument that Russell was trying to justify the existing mathematics and, at the same time, to escape from a mere formal calculus. For the same reason, the logicist definitions cannot be regarded as new axioms to be added to Peano's postulates (Reichenbach): according to Russell it is necessary to show that there is a constant meaning satisfying those postulates. The lack of a clear definition of logic in Russell (and Frege) is a consequence of his whole philosophy, therefore we must not look for it in the concept of necessity (Griffin), nor must we interpret this lack as a gap in the system (Grattan-Guinness). Russell's starting point was Moore's notion of truth as something indefinable and intuitive according to which we immediately recognize the true propositions. The problem of logicism is rather the deep tension between the ontological preeminence of relations (structures) and their terms (fields). [F.R.C.]
Miguel Ángel Quintanilla, Tecnología: Un enfoque filosófico
Authors: Pérez Ransanz Ana Rosa
Published: March 2020

Resumen
C.C Granger, Invitation à la lecture de Wittgenstein
Authors: Tomasini Bassols Alejandro
Published: March 2020

Resumen
Presentación
Authors: Orayen Raúl , Robles J. A.
Published: March 2020

Resumen
La objetividad de los números fregeanos
Authors: Moretti Alberto
Published: March 2020

In section 1 I discuss some arguments suggested by Dummet's work, aimed to support the claim that the real problem between realism and antirealism is one about the meaningfulness of sentences. I give sorne reasons to consider them less than conclusive, and to mantain the importance of the traditional approach in terms of the nature of the referred objects. In section 2 I give an account of Frege's view on the objectivity of arithmetic and its relationship with the objectivity of numbers. I defend the possibility of a partially constructivistic interpretation of Frege's analysis. In section 3 Husserl's criticisms of Frege are summed up. I claim that they are not efficient in their original version but it is also suggested that the objections can be rephrased in such a way that they come closer to Benacerraf's criticism on Platonismo An abstractionist altemative, connected with the Erlangen Program, is examined. According to what was said in section 2, it is suggested that even though Frege's view is still unsatisfactory, it is not refuted and the abstractionist view is even weaker. [Traducción de Raúl Orayen]
Progreso científico y verdad
Authors: Vázquez Juan
Published: March 2020

The aim of this paper is to make a plea for a new philosophical approach, or a new meta-theoretic account altemative to the ones represented by realism and instrumentalism, in the Philosophy of Science, and that will enable us to be more successful both in dealing with a rational explanation of the process of scientific development as well as with the notion of truth that is implied by the former. This new approach is consistent with the epistemology of Logik der Forschung, goes along with T. Kuhn's contribution, and gets its most explicit formulation in the "internal realism" of the last Putnam. The argument takes the following steps: 1) 1 begin with a very brief mention of the neopositivist approach to scientific development, concluding at his point that if anything has survived in that account of scientific development it can only be the idea of "convergence", linked to the notion of "reduction". 2) The notion of convergence in K. Popper's work is then analysed, showing that this notion can be understood in two quite different senses, depending on whether what we mean is Popper in its Logik der Forschung or the tarskian Popper, i.e., the Popper of verisimilitude. 3) 1 show then that the only notion of convergence that necessarily follows from the Logik der Forschung is consistent with T. Kuhn's approach and will only be slightly qualified by him, in such a way that Kuhn's qualified notion of convergence fits perfectly well within the framework of a falsationist epistemology. The strong controversy historically held between Popper' s and Kuhn' s followers that originated from The Structure of Scientific Revolutions by Kuhn, can only be understood when we mean by Popper the tarskian Popper, and hold a misleading interpretation of Kuhn's work. 4) A new meta-theoric approach is reached both in connection with the analysis and explanation of scientific progress and with the not less troublesome concept of truth. This new approach is very akin to the "internal realism" held by Putnam from 1976 onwards. Within the framework of this new approach an epistemic notion of truth is contended for, while the goal of scientific development is now not the search for an "absolute", "objetive" truth, but the concrete achievement of the ideal coherence of the whole of our beliefs between themselves, the coherence of the whole of our beliefs with the whole of our experiences, taking our experiencesin the way they are represented in our system of beliefs.
Javier Muguerza, Desde la perplejidad
Authors: Cabrera Julio
Published: March 2020

Resumen
Continuity and Discontinuity in Visual Experience
Authors: Biggs Michael A.R.
Published: March 2020

Este artículo estudia el papel de la experiencia visual en la obra de Wittgenstein. La tesis específica consiste en que la experiencia visual no da únicamente ejemplos ilustrativos de lo que podría ser una explicación del significado, sino también una metáfora repetida de todo el proceso del significado y del entendimiento. Wittgenstein utiliza un gran número de ejemplos visuales en sus textos. La diversidad de ellos puede explicarse por la gran variaci6n de opciones que tiene para describir la relación entre una palabra y su significado. La variedad de ejemplos visuales que resulta se podría resumir en lo que llamo la Tesis de la Discontinuidad Visual. Sin embargo, esta diversidad tiene en el fondo una línea continua, que se da mediante el uso persistente de la experiencia visual en la descripción de la relación palabra-significado. Este uso es la base de la relaci6n de proyecci6n del Tractatus y la relación de “ver-como” de Investigations. Esta metáfora visual se puede resumir en lo que llamo la Tesis de Continuidad Visual. Este artículo expone la última tesis en el contexto de una descripci6n de la tesis anterior.

[Traducción: Gisela Hummell N.]