bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Altruismo vs. egoísmo en la educación humanista
Authors: Pérez Andrés , Rodríguez Vanezza , Sotelo Fernando
Published: December 2015

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar el comportamiento altruista fren- te al egoísta de los individuos1 en dos situaciones determinadas. En la primera, estos sujetos definen, según su criterio, si son o no altruistas, mientras que en la segunda, dicha consideración está mediada por la donación de unas horas de clases para los niños de la población más vulnerable de Altos de Cazucá, esta condición se encuentra sujeta a unos incentivos monetarios que están atados a un sistema de cooperación entre los demás individuos. Para lo anterior, se diseña un experimento con base en los documentos revisados de la literatura de economía experimental, a partir de allí la información reco- lectada es contrastada mediante un modelo econométrico de Probit Binomial. A final se concluye que los resultados difieren entre las dos situaciones planteadas2 por problemas de riesgo moral.

 
Condiciones subjetivas de bienestar, felicidad y autopercepción de la pobreza en Colombia (2007-2012)
Authors: Moncada Silvia Esperanza Botello , Mahecha Lilia Stella Quintero
Published: December 2015

Este trabajo realiza un estudio de las condiciones de vida de las personas a través del Índice de Calidad  de Vida y la relación con los indicadores subjetivos de bienestar: felicidad, satisfacción, y autopercepción de pobreza. Los resultados muestran que exis- ten diferencias en las condiciones de bienestar entre las regiones del país. Las peores condiciones de bienestar se encontraron en la Atlántica  y la Pacífica, y las zonas de mejores indicadores son Bogotá, Valle del Cauca  y San Andrés. La relación positiva entre los indicadores objetivos de bienestar y la felicidad no es un patrón permanente en todas las regiones, sino que es muy claro en los extremos inferiores de la distribución, como en el caso de la región Pacífica. Esto indica que después de un punto de inflexión donde las necesidades básicas son cubiertas, la felicidad empieza a ser determinada por factores no materiales, entre los que se encuentran la relación con los amigos, la familia, la posibilidad de tomar decisiones, la dignidad, el barrio o comunidad y la capacidad de ayudar a los demás.
La economía política del tamaño del Estado
Authors: Álvarez Mireya Bermeo
Published: December 2015

Este documento ofrece un análisis crítico de las definiciones de los determinantes po- líticos del tamaño del Estado, entendido como el gasto público del Gobierno nacional que se vincula a diferentes variables políticas más que económicas. Así, el gasto público corresponde con los deseos, solicitudes o demanda de los votantes por redistribución, y a su vez los gobernantes buscan maximizar su propio beneficio. 

Esta investigación se aparta de la concepción de un gobierno benefactor o benevolente, cuyo propósito fundamental es buscar la maximización del bienestar social.
Evaluación y medición de la calidad de gestión en las cajas rurales Alcance y sustentabilidad
Authors: Hernández Martha , Lacruz Gerardo A. Colmenares
Published: December 2015

El presente artículo destaca el beneficio y buen funcionamiento del programa microfi- nanciero denominado Cajas Rurales. Además de un estudio comparativo, para observar las fortalezas y debilidades que ellas presentan, se desarrolla la construcción del modelo “Evaluación y medición de la calidad de gestión de las Cajas Rurales” (EMCGCR). El diagnóstico preliminar indica que las cajas son una organización microfinanciera sus- tentable en los sectores rurales. Los resultados han desmoronado el mito: “los pobres no pagan”;  reportan tasas de morosidad muy bajas. Para reforzar cuantitativamente esta conclusión se emplearon alternativamente  técnicas de análisis multivariante  y de inte- ligencia artificial. Se comprobó la eficiencia de las cajas y además, que ambas técnicas permitieron clasificar con alto desempeño la sustentabilidad de las cajas estudiadas.

 
Antibacterial coating on biocomposites for cranio-facial reconstruction
Authors: Lazar Madalina Anca , Vodnar Dan , Prodan Doina , Rotaru Horatiu , Roman Calin Rares , Sorcoi Lidia Adriana , Baciut Grigore , Campian Radu Septimiu
Published: December 2015

Background and aims. Despite the fact that implants are sterilized, antiseptic techniques are applied and systemic antibiotics are routinely administered prior to and after craniofacial surgery, infection rates between 3% and 40% are still reported for alloplastic implants, urging for implant removal. The present study focuses on the development of a fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) implant for craniofacial reconstruction with antimicrobial properties.Methods. A new fiber-reinforced composite coated with gentamicin was developed and tested for bacterial adherence and antibacterial efficiency, using two of the most involved bacterial strains in the postoperative infections: Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Results. Bacteria were efficiently inactivated in direct contact with gentamicin coatings (p<0.05). The inhibition zone for Staphylococcus aureus ranged from 17.21 mm to 20.13 mm and for Pseudomonas aeruginosa ranged from 12.93 mm to 15.33 mm. Although no significant statistical results were found for bacterial adhesion and gentamicin concentration, (Staphylococcus aureus: β= -0.974; p=0.144>0.05 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: β = -0.921; p=0.255>0.05), a negative relation was observed, indicating the reversed relation between the antibiotic dosage and the bacterial adherence.Conclusion. The results of the two applied microbiological protocols used in the study suggested that gentamicin eluting coating inhibited not only the bacterial growth, but also led to a lower initial bacterial adhesion to the surface of the implant. Thus, antibiotic coating of craniofacial implants may reduce the infection rate related to reconstructive surgery.
Impact of scaling and root planing with adjunct essential-oil-based mouthwash usage on whole salivary IgG levels in patients with periodontal inflammation
Authors: Alshehri Mohammad , Altalhi Abdulaziz , Alqahtani Hadi J. , Almoither Meteab A. , Alhazzani Saad A. , Almohammadi Mohammad Maish , Kujan Omar
Published: December 2015

Objective

The aim was to assess the effect of scaling and root planing (SRP) with and without adjunct use of an essential-oil-basedmouthwash (EOBM) on whole salivary immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in patients with periodontal inflammation.

Methods

Fifty patients with periodontal inflammation were included. Treatment wise, these patients were randomly divided into two groups. In group 1, patients underwent SRP and were instructed to rinse with 10 mL of an EOBM twice daily for 30 days, whereas those in group 2 underwent SRP and were instructed to rinse with 10 mL of water twice daily for 30 days. Whole saliva samples were collected at baseline and after 40 days of treatment. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results

At baseline, whole salivary IgG levels were comparable among patients in groups 1 (60.5 ± 5.5 mg/dL) and 2 (57.3 ± 2.4 mg/dL). After 40 days of follow-up, there is a significant decrease in whole salivary IgG levels among patients in group 1 (7.2 ± 2.4 mg/dL) as compared to those in group 2 (26.6 ± 4.6 mg/dL) (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

SRP, when performed with adjunct use of an EOBM, is more effective in reducing whole salivary IgG levels as compared to when SRP is performed without adjunct use of an EOBM.
Percutaneous rheolytic mechanical thrombectomy in thrombosed direct intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: Report of two cases
Authors: Tsetis Dimitrios , Kehagias Elias , Samonakis Dimitrios , Kouroumalis Elias , Hatzidakis Adam
Published: December 2015

We report two patients with Budd—Chiari syndrome, who underwent direct intrahepatic portosystemic shunt complicated by shunt thrombosis. Percutaneous AngioJet mechanical thrombectomy in combination with manual catheter aspiration and balloon disruption of the residual clot was successful, restoring patency of the thrombosed shunt.
Genre Formation in Contexts
Authors: Sun Yinghui
Published: December 2015

This study explores how genre formation is influenced by contextual factors through a cross-lingual and -cultural comparison of three groups of texts. The corpus is from English MA thesis introductions in the field of linguistics and applied linguistics written by Chinese and Norwegian students in contrast to their English native counterparts, with 20 texts from each group. Following Swales’ CARS model of move and step analysis, the study reveals some interesting features and tendencies among the three groups in their text construction. It concludes that genre formation is an ongoing process influenced by linguistic, social, cultural and other contextual factors.
Saving the Canadian Muslim Woman
Authors: Razavy Maryam
Published: December 2015

Canadians have, as of late, been faced with such controversial clash of rights issues as the 2004 Ontario faith-based arbitration debate, the more recently proposed Quebec Charter of Values, as well as the ongoing hijab and niqab debates that continue to garner their collective attention. In the case of the Ontario faith-based arbitration debates, while the issue related to all religious traditions, the ensuing narrative around the case focused heavily on the Islamic faith alone, often symbolized by the “repressed” Muslim woman. The emerging sense is that the underlying objective, emblematic of these types of measures, continues to be a “saving” of the desolate Muslim woman against her patriarchal, aggressive husband whilst at the same time protecting esteemed “secular” values. Naturally, this stance begs whether or not the Canadian Muslim woman indeed needs “saving” and whether or not these “secular” societal values offer the best route to salvation.
Hijab
Authors: Hafez Soraya Zaki
Published: December 2015

Hijab has taken on distinctive meanings according to its cultural contexts—it was part of discussions on women’s rights in Egypt in the 1930s, and women became a litmus test of modernity. At that time the full range of women’s lives was the focus, not a narrow concern about whether or not they wore hijab. Through the Nasser period the hijab could be associated with country women and thus rejected by the middle class; however, it was often worn to identify hadjis, those who had made the pilgrimage that year. This began to shift in the Sadat era as hijab was donned in affirmation of Islam and by the 1980s, with the influences of Wahhabism and the Muslim Brotherhood, hijab had become a political statement. In Canada, it often is associated with Muslim identity. Through the gaze of personal experience, Erving Goffman’s idea of impression management does not provide sufficient explanatory framework. There are many discourses around the hijab and no one discourse is sufficient to pin down the complexity of international hijab-wearing.
Reconsidering Limited Representations of Islam and Muslims
Authors: Kasamali Zahra
Published: December 2015

The spirit and intent of this reflection is to open up the ways in which the “single storying” of Islam and Muslims limits more ethical forms of relationality. This reflective piece seeks to make evident the ways in which limited representations of particular faith traditions produces feelings of isolation, exclusion and a sense of disconnect from others. Drawing upon métissage principles, this reflection will elucidate lived experiences on their own terms. Métissage as a research sensibility and political praxis can validate ways of knowing and being that are often denied.
Bringing Model-Based Prediction to Oncology Clinical Practice: A Review of Pharmacometrics Principles and Applications
Authors: Buil-Bruna Núria , López-Picazo José-María , Martín-Algarra Salvador , Trocóniz Iñaki F.
Published: December 2015

Despite much investment and progress, oncology is still an area with significant unmet medical needs, with new therapies and more effective use of current therapies needed. The emergent field of pharmacometrics combines principles from pharmacology (pharmacokinetics [PK] and pharmacodynamics [PD]), statistics, and computational modeling to support drug development and optimize the use of already marketed drugs. Although it has gained a role within drug development, its use in clinical practice remains scarce. The aim of the present study was to review the principal pharmacometric concepts and provide some examples of its use in oncology. Integrated population PK/PD/disease progression models as part of the pharmacometrics platform provide a powerful tool to predict outcomes so that the right dose can be given to the right patient to maximize drug efficacy and reduce drug toxicity. Population models often can be developed with routinely collected medical record data; therefore, we encourage the application of such models in the clinical setting by generating close collaborations between physicians and pharmacometricians.
Tests on direct tensile characteristics of expanded clay lightweight aggregate concrete
Authors: Yang Keun-Hyeok , Yi Seong-Tae
Published: December 2015

The tensile characteristics of lightweight aggregate concrete under direct tension were examined with a view to enhancing the utilisation of artificially expanded clay granules as secondary aggregates. Ready-mixed concrete specimens were classified into two groups: all-lightweight concrete (ALWC) and sand-lightweight concrete (SLWC). The test parameters considered for each group were the maximum aggregate size (4–19 mm) and the lateral depth of specimens with a rectangular section (100–500 mm). The complete stress–crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD) response was measured under direct tension. The results show that the slope of the ascending branch of the stress–CMOD curve is slightly smaller for SLWC specimens than for ALWC specimens. The displacement at peak stress tends to increase with the lateral depth of the specimen, whereas the tensile strength of the concrete decreases, revealing the size effect phenomenon. However, the tensile strength of concrete and the softening slope at the descending branch of the stress–CMOD curve are marginally affected by the specimen's lateral depth and maximum aggregate size, owing to the reduced aggregate interlocking capacity across the crack. Gopalaratnam and Shah's model was modified to evaluate the stress–CMOD responses of the lightweight aggregate concretes, and the suggested and existing models were compared with the test results.
ACTIVE TEACHING-LEARNING METHODOLOGY TO APPROACH CARBOHYDRATE AND LIPID METABOLISM: An interdisciplinary strategy that involved the Moodle tool in the development of Problem Based Learning
Authors: Borges J. M.P. , El Bacha R. , Costa M F. , Freire E.
Published: December 2015

Highlight the relevance of topics studied for professional practice and associate approaches provided by different areas of knowledge are pointed as essential aspects for significant learning. Contextualize the study of metabolic pathways, linking the clinical use and expanding the vision with the approach of cellular and molecular biology discipline was the motivation for the development of the strategy described and evaluated here. In this work, starting from the concept of active methodology of teaching and learning was developed a methodological strategy to approach the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. This strategy included: questioning the content through the clinical case study on diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia, individual and collective study in the external space the classroom with the help of Moodle tool, classroom discussion accompanied by the teacher, preparation of seminar, evaluation of the content through individual written test and evaluation of the method. Analysis of student involvement with method indicates an average frequency of 98% in the practical class of Biochemistry discipline, effective participation in the preparation of seminars, an increase of 2 points in average of individual written evaluation. As for the fact that the cases were studied in two curricular components, the answers show that 92% of students feel more compression. Only 6% of students think  unnecessary to interdisciplinary approach. As for the different steps of the method, the answers show that 99% of students consider how relevant the initial self-study and discussions in class. However, only 50% of students appreciated the use of Moodle tool. Thus, student responses indicated the perception of the effectiveness of the method for their ability to: stimulate interest in learning, stimulate the search for answers through research and the building of learning.
INTERACTIVE SEMINARS IN BIOCHEMISTRY DISCIPLINE FOR UNDERGRADUATE DEGREE IN BIOMEDICINE: BENEFITS AND PROBLEMS OF CARBOHYDRATES ASSOCIATED WITH MODERN LIFE
Authors: Pessoa et al R. G.G.
Published: December 2015

The present project is part of the course in biochemistry for biomedical undergraduate students of the Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, which comprises theoretical and practical classes and interactive seminars prepared by students on studied topics to supplement learning. The aim of this research was to encourage students to innovate their search for knowledge, presenting an interactive strategy to demonstrate the importance of carbohydrates, as well as other energy fuels, for undergraduates students attending classes of biochemistry at the first semester at the university, in order to clarify the importance of maintaining a healthy way of life. The methodology used was a field research, documented in videos in which the opinions of a few people were registered in different places, such as in a fast-food restaurant, on the importance of carbohydrates. Records acquired were associated with a slide presentation on the subject, based on scientific books and articles, which were presented to the students of the discipline. It was also developed a dynamic to illustrate the consumption of carbohydrates in daily life and in different situations. After the project exhibition, a review of the research was conducted to the audience to express innovations or additions to their pre-existing concepts, on consumption of carbohydrates. The results of our work were very promising and the main goal of the project was achieved, since 88.2% of the respondents said there was an improvement in their knowledge, both theoretical and practical, on the subject, while only 11.8% reported no improvement at all. In conclusion, there was a greater involvement of students during the presentation of the subject and a higher participation during the group dynamic on the consumption of carbohydrates.
EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES TO EMPOWER HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Garzón J. C.V. , Magrini M. L. , Galembeck E.
Published: December 2015

Introduction and objectives: The New Media Consortium (NMC) Horizon Project defines educational technology in a broad sense as tools and resources that are used to improve teaching, learning, and creative inquiry. Each technology has been carefully researched and framed in the context of its potential impact on higher education. Within the Horizon Project there are currently seven categories of technologies, tools, and strategies for their use that the NMC monitors continuously. All they have the potential to foster real changes in education, particularly in the development of progressive pedagogies and learning strategies; the organization of teachers’ work; and the arrangement and delivery of content. Following the recommendations of NMC experts panel, we design an application named Augmented Reality Metabolic Pathways (ARMET) in order to improve motivation and to promote student interactivity to the development of skills needed to learn the metabolic pathways. Materials and methods: The ARMET app was developed using Unity, 3D molecules obtained from Protein Data Bank and ChemSpider-chemical structure database, the usage data are stored into a database (MySQL) and are analyzed using the statistical software R. Results and conclusions: ARMET mixes several technologies out of seven categories recommend in the NMC Horizon Report: Mobile app, Bring Your Own Device, Flipped Classroom, Learning Analytics and Augmented Reality. The principal criterion for the inclusion of those technologies into the app was its potential relevance to teaching and learning biochemistry. ARMET is available for iOS and Android platforms, and includes PDF files with a set of cards, the game board and classroom worksheet’s. The students and teachers can register for free. Teachers can create classes and track student performance. ARMET collects data for personalizing learning experiences addressing the challenge to build better pedagogical tools to establish effective formative assessment for metabolism teaching.
CONSTRUCTION OF DIDACTIC MODEL OF MEMBRANE AND EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX TO FACILITATE THE TEACHING/LEARNING BY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES STUDENTS AT UFRN
Authors: Medeiros et al M. V.S.
Published: December 2015

This work was developed in the course of MOLECULAR DIVERSITY, required curricular component for the courses of Biological Sciences at UFRN. This course intends to encourage the study of the chemical structure and function of biomolecules using lectures and practical classes. Looking at the evaluations from previous semesters, it became evident that the subjects of the membrane and extracellular matrix were not being learned in a meaningful way. We also noticed lack of motivation from students due to difficulties in understanding molecules, weakening the teaching/learning process. Given this situation, our work aimed to encourage students to construct the constituent molecules of the membrane and extracellular matrix and assemble these structures, in order to understand molecular interactions, improve understanding of the subject and facilitate the learning process. This was accomplished through a monitoring project with the help of monitors. The proposed methodology consisted of separating the class into groups, where each would be responsible for making and exposing the other students to one of the molecules (Membrane Lipids, integrins, fibronectin, collagen, elastin, laminin, hyaluronic acid), and then discussing these molecules’ structural characteristics and interactions. The students could use various types of materials like cardboard, colored pens and polystyrene. The molecules were presented to the class, and the groups had set up the membrane and the matrix indicating the location of molecules and their possible interactions. All groups created their molecules according to given specifications. They created didactic and colorful molecules and positively interacted with all other groups during the assembly of the membrane and extracellular matrix; they also discussed molecules functions and interactions. We noticed during presentations and evaluation a strong performance in the subjects in question, as well as the construction of a didactic model easily used to understand these subjects; we therefore postulate that the activity achieved its objectives.
Symposium 20 - PABMB: Teaching biochemistry in a connected world: KEEPING 3D RESOURCES IN THE WEB TO LEARN ON PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Authors: Herrera Raul , Moya-León M. A.
Published: December 2015

Symposium 20 - PABMB: Teaching biochemistry in a connected world Chair: Miguel Castanho, Universidade de Lisboa, PortugalAbstract:The new paradigm of higher education requires new teaching strategies to meet the learning objectives of biochemistry courses. Teaching biochemistry in the current state of science and society requires a special motivation for learning, especially for students of degrees other than Biochemistry. The traditional way of teaching, based on the teacher-student relationship, mostly unidirectional, does not fulfil the needs imposed in this era. Considering the current situation universities students require new abilities in their training and the use of computers can constitute a place for discovery and research, enabling the experience of new and diverse situations. The design of teaching material for undergraduate students who take biochemistry courses as complementary subject on their careers should be seen as an opportunity to complement theoretical aspects on the current courses. Three different approaches could be used: (I) a description of the basic concepts, like in a book but using dynamics figures. (II) Modelling proteins highlighting key motifs at the three-dimensional structure and residues where inhibitors can be attached. And (III) elaborating active quizzes where students can be driven on their learning. Building knowledge based on practical experience can improve student competences on basic science and the learning process can be complemented in the use of dynamics models. On the other hand, exploring protein structures from the web could give students a better comprehension of residues interaction and non-covalent forces involved in protein-protein or protein-ligand interaction. The use of dynamic models improves the comprehension of protein structure and their special link to amino acids residues or ligands. This work was supported by Anillo ACT1110 project. Key Words: protein structure, 3D source, learning activities.
Symposium 20 - PABMB: Teaching biochemistry in a connected world: How Apps-Embedded Assessment can contribute to learning outcomes mapping
Authors: Galembeck Eduardo
Published: December 2015

Symposium 20 - PABMB: Teaching biochemistry in a connected world Chair: Miguel Castanho, Universidade de Lisboa, PortugalAbstract:Apps can be designed to provide usage data, and most of them do. These usage data are usually used to map users interests and to deliver more effective ads that are more likely to result in clicks, and sales. We have applied some of these metrics to understand how it can be used to map students’ behavior using educational software. We tested both Google Analytics, and a system we have developed to map learning outcomes and students engagement. Embedded assessment were implemented in app used to teach: 1) Metabolic Pathways; 2) Protein Synthesis, 3) Cell Structure, and 4) Concepts from techniques used in a Biochemistry Lab course. Our preliminary results show that this approach provides valuable information about class outcomes that can be used for both summative and formative assessments.
Precipitation of Calcite during the Deposition of Paleogene Sangkarewang Oil Shale, Ombilin Basin, West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Widayat Agus Haris , Anggayana Komang , Khoiri Isra
Published: December 2015

DOI: 10.17014/ijog.2.3.185-197Geochemical and petrographical analyses were carried out to investigate the occurrence of calcite in theformer Ombilin lacustrine lake. The study involves eight samples taken from a 56 m long drill core of Sangkarewangoil shale. Geochemical investigation showed that the samples consist of varied terrigenous input represented by Si, Al, K, and Ti, and autochthonous input represented by S, total organic carbon (TOC), and d13C of bulk organic matter. Along the drill core profile the abundance of autochthonous input decreases upwards, while that of terrigenous input oppositely increases upwards. Petrographical analysis revealed that calcite is a major mineral in the samples. In this study, the abundance of calcite could be represented by the abundance of Ca, as calcite is the only significant Ca containing mineral. Ca is abundant in the samples (8.4% in average) and its concentration varies similarly with those of S, TOC, and d13C, suggesting that the element as well as calcite incorporates the autochthonous input. Thevariation of calcite abundance in the drill core profile is considered to be related with primary productivity changes during the development of the former lake. Higher primary productivity represented by more positive of d13C value(-24.8‰) during the deposition of the lower part of the drill core profile promoted the higher amount of deposited organic matter. In such environment, the supersaturation of carbonate ion in lake water was also reached and significant precipitation of authigenic calcite occurred. As the lake developed, the primary productivity decreased as indicated by more negative of d13C value (eventually -26.8‰). This condition led to the decreases of deposited organic matterand calcite in the lake sediments.
Wuzzit Trouble: The Influence of a Digital Math Game on Student Number Sense
Authors: Pope Holly , Mangram Charmaine
Published: December 2015

This study sought to determine if playing a digital math game could increase student number sense (mathematical proficiency in numeracy). We used a pre- and post-assessment to measure the number sense of two groups of third grade students with the same mathematics teacher. One group played the game Wuzzit Trouble and the other did not. Overall, the group who played Wuzzit Trouble showed a significant increase in number sense between the pre- and post-assessment, compared to the other group who did not. A qualitative analysis of a novel problem revealed differences between the treatment and comparison groups from pre- to post-. A discussion of these findings and features of the game are addressed. Namely, two features inherent in Wuzzit Trouble are associated with the learners’ increased number sense. First, Wuzzit Trouble promoted mathematical proficiency by requiring learners to attend to several mathematical constraints at once. Second, the game engaged learners in an iterative process of decision-making by calling for students to try, check, and revise their strategy as they played.
3D bioprinting for tissue engineering: Stem cells in hydrogels
Authors: Mehrban Nazia , Teoh Gui Zhen , Birchall Martin Anthony
Published: December 2015

Surgical limitations require alternative methods of repairing and replacing diseased and damaged tissue. Regenerative medicine is a growing area of research with engineered tissues already being used successfully in patients. However, the demand for such tissues greatly outweighs the supply and a fast and accurate method of production is still required. 3D bioprinting offers precision control as well as the ability to incorporate biological cues and cells directly into the material as it is being fabricated. Having precise control over scaffold morphology and chemistry is a significant step towards controlling cellular behaviour, particularly where undifferentiated cells, i.e., stem cells, are used. This level of control in the early stages of tissue development is crucial in building more complex systems that morphologically and functionally mimic in vivo tissue. Here we review 3D printing hydrogel materials for tissue engineering purposes and the incorporation of cells within them. Hydrogels are ideal materials for cell culture. They are structurally similar to native extracellular matrix, have a high nutrient retention capacity, allow cells to migrate and can be formed under mild conditions. The techniques used to produce these materials, as well as their benefits and limitations, are outlined.
Genreproblemen in de nieuwe monarchieliteratuur
Authors: Lantink Frans Willem
Published: December 2015

Genre Problems in the Newest Monarchy-LiteratureFollowing the changes in monarchs in Belgium and the Netherlands and the celebration of two centuries of Orange-monarchy in 2013, a flood of publications has appeared. In this review article the wide variety of genres in the current ‘monarchy-literature’ is classified for the first time. In addition to the dominant biographical form, ranging from scholarly royal biographies to journalistic biographical portraits and the vie romancée, constitutional literature, the political essay and Tendenzliteratur can be distinguished. There is a broad journalistic genre in between scholarly and popular literature. The history of the nation state and the constitutional monarchy are closely linked and this symbiosis also determines the actual monarchy discourse. Striking is the virtual absence of an international comparison, even between the neighbouring countries, the Netherlands and Belgium, and a comparative methodology. The current genres in monarchy literature, and especially the renaissance of the royal biography, strengthen the national perspective of the monarchy discourse in the Netherlands and Belgium.Een vloed aan publicaties verscheen naar aanleiding van de troonwisselingen in België en Nederland en de viering van tweehonderd jaar Oranje-monarchie in 2013. De grote verscheidenheid aan genres in de actuele ‘monarchieliteratuur’ worden in dit recensie-artikel voor het eerst gerubriceerd. Naast de dominante vorm van het biografische genre, uiteenlopend van de wetenschappelijke koningsbiografie tot journalistieke biografische gelegenheidsportretten en de vie romancée zijn er staatsrechtelijke literatuur, het politieke essay en Tendenzliteratur te onderscheiden. Tussen wetenschappelijke en populaire literatuur bestaat een breed journalistiek tussengenre. De geschiedenis van de natiestaat en de constitutionele monarchie zijn nauw verbonden en die symbiose bepaalt ook het denken over de monarchie.Opvallend is het vrijwel ontbreken van een internationale vergelijking, zelfs niet tussen de buurlanden Nederland en België, en een comparatieve methodologie. De huidige genres in de monarchieliteratuur, voorop de renaissance van de koningsbiografie, versterken het nationale perspectief van het monarchiediscours in Nederland en België.
Continuity and Discontinuity of the Constitutional Monarchy from a Transnational Perspective: The Netherlands-Belgium (1815-1831)
Authors: Deneckere Gita
Published: December 2015

The constitutional monarchy as an essential ‘modern’ state form of the restoration period was intended to restore order and stability in Europe. In this respect, there is more of a break than continuity between the constitutional model that William I introduced in 1814-1815 and the constitutional monarchy to which Leopold I, the first king of the Belgians, had to subject himself in 1831. The specific authoritarian interpretation that William I gave to his function was one of the factors that helps to explain the Belgian revolution. It is therefore logical that the revolution, as such, produced a constitution that firstly, in general was far more democratic and, secondly, specifically restricted the power of the king. The new Belgian constitutional monarchy of 1830-1831 did not keep William I’s ‘heritage’ intact: onthe contrary, the constitutional definition of kingship in Belgium, for that time, was an ultra-liberal, modern answer to the ‘William I system’. Continuïteit en discontinuïteit van de constitutionele monarchie vanuit een transnationaal perspectief. Nederland-België (1815-1831)De constitutionele monarchie moest als een essentieel ‘moderne’ staatsvorm in het restauratietijdperk voor een herstel van orde en stabiliteit zorgen in Europa. Er is op dit punt eerder sprake van een breuk dan van continuïteit tussen het grondwettelijk model dat Willem I in 1814-1815 invoerde in het Verenigd Koninkrijk der Nederlanden en de constitutionele monarchie waaraan Leopold I zich als eerste koning der Belgen in 1831 moest onderwerpen. De specifieke interpretatie en autoritaire invulling die Willem I aan zijn functie gaf, was één van de factoren die de Belgische revolutie mee helpt verklaren. Het is dus logisch dat de revolutie als zodanig een grondwet opleverde die ten eerste in het algemeen veel democratischer was, en ten tweede specifiek de macht van de koning sterk inperkte. De Belgische grondwettelijke monarchie die uit een revolutie werd geboren, hield de ‘erfenis’ van Willem I dus niet intact: de grondwettelijke omschrijving van het koningschap was integendeel een voor die tijd ultraliberaal en modern antwoord op het ‘systeem-Willem I’.
Roberto Dagnino, Twee leeuwen, één kruis. De rol van katholieke culturele kringen in e Vlaams-Nederlandse verstandhouding (1830-ca. 1900)
Authors: Van Osselaer Tine
Published: December 2015

Roberto Dagnino, Twee leeuwen, één kruis. De rol van katholieke culturele kringen in de Vlaams-Nederlandse verstandhouding (1830-ca. 1900) (Dissertatie Rijksuniversiteit Groningen 2013; Hilversum: Verloren, 2015, 399 pp., isbn 978 90 8704 434 3).
El sistema de incentivos en los contratos de adhesión
Authors: Cofone Ignacio N.
Published: December 2015

El artículo evalúa las objeciones tradicionales a los contratos de adhesión que se basan en conceptos de microeconomía e identifica cuáles son las diferencias que estos contratos presentan respecto de otros desde un punto de vista económico. Los problemas señalados son selección adversa y problemas de red, los cuales pueden motivar una regulación distinta para estos contratos respecto del modo en el que los sistemas legales regulan los contratos en general. El artículo, luego, evalúa las respuestas regulatorias actuales y presenta posibles soluciones para sobrellevar o aminorar dichos problemas sin perder las ventajas que estos contratos implican. 
A análise da sustentabilidade ambiental urbana das áreas centrais da cidade de Taguatinga
Authors: Bonifácio Thânia Priscila Silva , Romero Marta Adriana Bustos
Published: December 2015

Taguatinga é uma cidade jovem, sua fundação data de 1958 e, cuja população evoluiu de 26 mil habitantes para 361 mil em menos de 50 anos. Enquanto em várias regiões do mundo algumas medidas já começaram a ser tomadas – como as exigências de alguns países europeus de se instalar telhado-verde em suas edificações – as soluções sustentáveis ainda não são vistas no Brasil. Nesse sentido, este estudo propõe a análise do Plano Diretor Local para saber se nele foi previsto o desenvolvimento urbano sustentável, especialmente quanto à promoção da qualidade de vida ecologicamente equilibrada ou se será necessário uma interferência para adequar a norma vigente à nova realidade do nosso planeta. Os resultados mostraram que as propostas eram ineficazes, inconsistentes e não seguiram a maioria dos requisitos, além de haverem contradições.
Reabilitação ambiental: a vegetação além do paisagismo
Authors: Corrêa Rodrigo Studart
Published: December 2015

A presença de vegetação em cidades tem sido majoritariamente entendida como paisagismo. Todavia, além do paisagismo, plantas exercem mais de vinte serviços ambientais no meio urbano e melhoram a qualidade de vida nas cidades. Amenização da temperatura, manutenção da boa qualidade do ar, regulação hídrica, facilitação da mobilidade urbana e lazer são alguns dos serviços prestados a populações humanas pela vegetação presente nas cidades. A degradação urbana possui várias causas, mas a reabilitação de espaços urbanos degradados conta invariavelmente com o uso de plantas. Exemplos de uso e da importância da vegetação como elemento acessório ou principal de reabilitação ambiental urbana são apresentados neste artigo. O conceito contemporâneo de cidade preconiza que espaços urbanos devam apresentar áreas verdes e corredores ecológicos permeando a malha edificada. Os serviços prestados pela vegetação urbana às populações das cidades são imensos e monetariamente imensuráveis pela sua grandeza. Todavia, esses serviços são somente percebidos quando ausentes.
Estratégias locais para tornar as cidades mais resilientes: o caso de Garibaldi (RS)
Authors: Manfredini Constance , Sattler Miguel Aloysio
Published: December 2015

O conceito de sustentabilidade traz consigo a preocupação com a sobrevivência da vida e com as próximas gerações. A literatura aponta para possíveis cenários futuros que impactarão as cidades gerando crises e expondo as suas vulnerabilidades. Neste contexto surge o discurso sobre a resiliência, que pode ser entendida como a capacidade, de uma comunidade exposta a riscos, de resistir, absorver e recuperar-se dos efeitos de um desastre, preservando e restaurando suas estruturas e funções essenciais. O objetivo deste trabalho é propor estratégias de caráter local para que as cidades possam se tornar mais resilientes, especialmente, com relação às mudanças climáticas e à escassez de combustíveis fósseis. A metodologia inclui revisão bibliográfica e aplicação dos conceitos contidos na obra “Resilient Cities: responding to peak oil and climate change” de Newman et. al (2009) em um estudo de caso. A cidade selecionada é Garibaldi, na Serra Gaúcha, que é uma comunidade com, aproximadamente, 30.000 habitantes. Os resultados apresentados constituem-se de recomendações que podem ser implementadas pelo Poder Público Municipal, bem como podem ser utilizadas como referencial para iniciar uma discussão sobre os temas abordados.
Construyendo muestras artificiales con Mathematica
Authors: Mariño Sonia I. , López María Victoria
Published: December 2015

Se describe un módulo del Entorno Virtual de Enseñanza Aprendizaje (EVEA) de la asignatura Modelos ySimulación de la carrera de Licenciatura en Sistemas de Información, en la Facultad de Ciencias Exactasy Naturales y Agrimensura de la Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (FACENA-UNNE) en Corrientes, Ar-gentina. Su propósito es la formación de los estudiantes en la aplicación de la técnica de simulación para laresolución de problemas basados en casos reales. Este artículo se compone de cinco secciones. En la primerasección se caracteriza la asignatura objeto de estudio y se mencionan antecedentes sobre la aplicación de lasTecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) como apoyo al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje o alos procesos de modelización y simulación de problemas. En la segunda sección se describe la metodologíaadoptada en el desarrollo de la experiencia que se describe en este paper. En la tercera sección se detalla elperfil de los estudiantes que optan por esta asignatura. En la cuarta sección se sintetizan las funcionalidadesdel módulo de muestras artificiales generado con Mathematica y la descripción de su implementación en elaula. En la última sección, se comentan algunas conclusiones y futuros trabajos.
Panorama actual de los estándares educativos en estocástica
Authors: Cuevas Acosta Jesús Humberto
Published: December 2015

En este ensayo se presenta una reflexión sobre la situación actual que guarda el movimiento en pro del establec-imiento de estándares de contenido y desempeño curricular en el campo de la estocástica. Se examinó la importanciaque se otorga a la enseñanza de estas disciplinas y sus mecanismos para medir el desempeño de los estudiantesen ellas por parte de dos naciones que han llevado a cabo reformas educativas de grandes dimensiones. Paralela-mente, se hace un planteamiento para conducir una investigación sistemática que permita caracterizar la prácticaeducativa actual en estas disciplinas y obtener elementos de prueba para crear recursos y programas de formacióndel profesorado acordes a las necesidades de una cultura estocástica en ellos y en sus estudiantes.
Normas de Presentación para la Construcción de Cuadros y Gráficos Estadísticos
Authors: Mora Valverde María Marjorie
Published: December 2015

Recurso didáctico interactivo para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de cuadros y gráficos estadísticos, con cuatro mó-dulos divididos en secciones y subsecciones que pueden consultarse en forma no lineal. Una Introducción sobrela Estadística como disciplina científica y la presentación de los resultados de las investigaciones. Un módulo deCuadros estadísticos con los componentes, características y diferentes tipos de cuadros. Un módulo de Gráficos es-tadísticos con los tipos de gráficos más usados, sus componentes y características. Ambos módulos con estadísticasnacionales y ejercicios. El último módulo con Medidas Estadísticas para incluir en los cuadros y gráficos. Incluye unglosario de términos, un mapa de navegación, programas gratuitos para construir cuadros y gráficos, referenciasbibliográficas con vínculos a Internet, lecturas complementarias.
Análisis de regresión para la población de Costa Rica.
Authors: Acuña P. Luis A.
Published: December 2015

Breve introducción al análisis de regresión y a la transformación de algunos problemas no lineales en problemas lineales. Aplicación al caso de la población de Costa Rica como función del tiempo.
Nicolás de Cusa la coincidencia de los opuestos - coincidentia oppositorun-
Authors: Arguedas T. Vernor
Published: December 2015

En este artículo nos enfocamos fundamentalmente en el quehacer matemático y científico de Cusa . Se incluye una lista parcial de predicciones del fin del mundo.
Cuando la “nada”, según la ciencia, es “algo”
Authors: Alemañ Rafael
Published: December 2015

 Resumen. El anuncio en julio de 2012 de los primeros indicios experimentales sobre la existencia del bosón de Higgs, reavivó el interés de la secular debate sobre el significado de conceptos como el vacío, los campos físicos o incluso la propia noción de espacio. La evolución de sus interpretaciones revela mutaciones profundas en nuestra visión de la naturaleza. En este artículo se pretende exponer la complejidad del concepto de vacío, clásico y cuántico, así como su relación con otras propiedades del espacio-tiempo, como la gravitación. Consecuencia de todo ello es que el moderno concepto de vacío físico encierra una enorme riqueza conceptual todavía por explorar.

Palabras clave: Espacio, Eter, Vacío, Campo, Simetría.

 Abstract. The announcement in July 2012 of the first experimental evidence about the Higgs boson existence, intensified interest in the secular debate on the meaning of concepts such as vacuum, physical fields or even the very notion of space itself. The evolution of their interpretations reveals profound changes in the philosophical background of our view of nature. This paper will set out the complexity of the concept of classical and quantum vacuum, and their relationship with other properties of space-time, as gravitation. Consequence of this is that the modern concept of physical vacuum contains an enormous conceptual richness still to be explored.

KeyWords: Space, Ether, Vacuum, Field, Symmetry.
Actividades de Cálculo Diferencial con Computadora: Estudio de Habilidades Matemáticas Desarrolladas
Authors: Falsetti Marcela , Favieri Adriana , Scorzo Roxana , Williner Betina
Published: December 2015

 Resumen. El presente artículo reporta un estudio transeccional descriptivo sobre el desarrollo de habilidades matemáticas así como la relación de éstas con actividades matemáticas y contenidos específicos. Analizamos producciones escritas de estudiantes de carreras de ingeniería que realizan su primer curso de Cálculo Diferencial. Para esta experiencia han trabajado en un taller usando el software Mathematica®. Describimos los criterios considerados para la clasificación de las actividades y habilidades, los instrumentos para la evaluación y el procesamiento de los datos. En las conclusiones establecemos relaciones entre tipos de actividades y habilidades promovidas y nos referimos al rol del software en la enseñanza y en el aprendizaje de la introducción al Cálculo Diferencial. Finalmente mediante el análisis estadístico descriptivo y el de componentes principales reforzamos la hipótesis de que una habilidad debe medirse en estrecha dependencia con el contenido y la tarea realizada.

Palabras clave: Habilidades matemáticas, diseño de actividades, software matemático de cálculo simbólico y numérico, cálculo diferencial, análisis estadístico por componentes principales.

 Abstract. This paper reports a transactional descriptive study on math skills, as part of mathematical competence, and its relationship with math activities and specific content. We analyze written productions of students, from Engineering careers, of the their first-Calculus course. For this experience, they have worked in a workshop using Mathematica ®software. We describe here the criteria used for the classification of activities and skills, the tools for evaluation and processing of the data. In the conclusions we establish relationships between types of activities and skills promoted and we refer to the role of software in teaching and learning in the introductory Differential Calculus course. Finally through descriptive statistical analysis and principal components analysis we also reinforce the hypothesis that a skill should be measured in close dependence on the content and the task.

KeyWords: Math Skills, design activities, mathematical calculus software, Differential Calculus, principal components analysis.