bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical Oxygen Demand Analysis of Anaerobic Digester Contents
Authors: Harnadek Colin M. W. , Guilford Nigel G.H. , Edwards Elizabeth A.
Published: March 2017

An anaerobic digester converts organic materials into biogas and digestate in the absence of oxygen. The organic materials studied in this experiment include fibres (types of paper or cardboard), food waste, and woodchips, which serve as a bulking agent. To analyze digester performance, it is necessary to calculate an accurate mass balance based on the chemical oxygen demand (COD) entering and exiting the system. Digester performance refers to maximum efficiency and biogas yield. The COD of the biogas is known, but that of the feed and the digestate is not. This paper describes a method for measuring the COD of the feed materials and the digestate by creating representative aqueous suspensions of each. The challenges are to ensure that the suspensions are representative of the feed or digestate, and that samples of the suspension extracted for COD analysis are consistent and reproducible.

To obtain an accurate COD measurement of the feed and digestate samples, a specific procedure was developed: each material was processed in a blender with deionized water, creating a pulp from which samples were pipetted during continuous mixing of the suspension. The conducted trials provided COD content values ranging from 1.27-1.59 g of COD/ g of dry feed, depending on the fibre. Standard deviations of the COD content ranged from 2.8% to 12.7%, indicating that the procedure is reliable and the results precise. The measured COD content values allow an accurate mass balance of the digester to be determined, ultimately providing a better understanding of the system as the total digestible material entering the digester will be known. An accurate mass balance can improve the efficiency of the digester in order to produce optimal quantities of biogas. The biogas can be harnessed into energy from otherwise useless waste. Further study in this topic can explore the COD content of wider ranges of organic solids as well as further optimize the procedure in order to provide even more accurate results.
Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation Enhanced by Organic Seeds of Similar Polarity at Atmospherically Relative Humidity
Authors: Gordon Catherine A. , Ye Jianhuai , Chan Arthur W.H.
Published: March 2017

Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) forms in the atmosphere when semi-volatile oxidation products from biogenic and anthropogenic hydrocarbons condense onto atmospheric particulate matter. Climate models assume that oxidation products and preexisting organic aerosol form a well-mixed particle and enhance condensation, and, as a result, predict that future increases in anthropogenic primary organic aerosol (POA) will cause a significant increase in SOA. However, recent experiments performed at low humidity (<10%) demonstrate a single-phase particle does not always form, challenging the validity of model assumptions. In this work, we investigate the formation of SOA at atmospherically relevant humidities (55 - 65%) and examine this mixing assumption. We hypothesized that humidity leads to decreased viscosity and shorter mixing timescales, which is favorable for aerosol mixing. Here, α-pinene, a biogenic volatile organic compound is oxidized with ozone in a flow tube reactor in the presence of different organic aerosol seeds. Increased humidity did not enhance SOA formation with erythritol or squalane seed as hypothesized, implying that these compounds do not mix with α-pinene SOA in the range of humidities studied (55 – 65%). Yield enhancements were observed with tetraethylene glycol seed, demonstrating interaction between the SOA and seed. These observations suggest increased humidity does not promote mixing between the oxidation products and POA and highlight the need to fully understand the aerosol phase state in the atmosphere in order to better parameterize SOA formation and accurately predict future changes in air quality.
Evaluation of Hydrogen-Oxygen Recombiner Catalysts Under Various Conditions for Nuclear and Non-Nuclear Hydrogen Safety
Authors: Qin Helen
Published: March 2017

Hydrogen plays an important role in nuclear and non-nuclear safety, as the unsafe manipulation of hydrogen can lead to dangerous accidents. This concern has led the Hydrogen Isotopes Technology Branch at the Canadian Nuclear Laboratories to develop catalysts in order to aid in the recombination of hydrogen and oxygen. This research project evaluates catalysts with different compositions under various conditions (i.e. dry, humid) in a spinning basket reactor (SBR). Results suggest that catalysts with lower wetproof coating loading have higher activity levels after being exposed to water vapour or immersed in liquid water compared to catalysts with higher amounts of wetproof coating. The specific activity levels were 1.91 cm3 H2/s·gCAT and 1.57 cm3 H2/s·gCAT, normalized to the benchmark catalyst’s activity in humid conditions, for catalysts with low and high amounts of wetproof coating, respectively.

Normalization was performed so that the activity levels of the benchmark catalyst in humid conditions was equal to one, thus assigning the other activity level values based on their relation to the benchmark catalyst’s activity levels in humid conditions. For the benchmark catalyst, activity levels in water vapour and immersion conditions were about the same, whereas activity levels for the newly developed catalysts (with low and high wetproofing agent loadings) varied depending on the water exposure levels of the test. Thus, despite the wetproofing, the amount of water exposure had an effect on catalyst activity levels. This trend demonstrates that the benchmark catalyst was well wetproofed and suggests that further improvement is needed in the wetproofing method used for the new catalyst.
Comparison of Tractography in Mouse Models of Multiple Sclerosis and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Beltrano Winnica , O’Brien-Moran Zoe , Herrera Sheryl L , Martin Melanie
Published: March 2017

Tractography is a method that finds fiber tracts within a sample (e.g. a mouse brain), which allows users to better understand how different regions and structures of the brain are connected. The only animal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) centre in Manitoba does not have the software to perform tractography on their images. This severely limits the variation of studies that can be performed in the centre. The goal of this project was to develop a robust tractography analysis method for the centre. The designed tractography analysis method was tested on known phantoms (objects which are meant to mimic tissue) such as celery, and then on animal brain samples from various mouse models of multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease. The first test of the tractography analysis method was to determine if the tracts within the corpus collosum in the brain of mice differ between mouse models. Tracts in the corpus callosum were measured using the developed tractography analysis method. Single factor ANOVA found no differences between the tractography parameters in tracts of the corpora callosa in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS) and the corresponding wildtype mouse, nor between a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and its corresponding wildtype mouse. The tractography analysis method was successfully developed and is now ready for use in more complex models.
Глобальная экономика и образцы лучших мировых практик государственного регулирования страхового рынка
Authors: Шокин Виктор Олегович
Published: March 2017

В рамках статьи проанализированы лучшие практики государственного регулирования национального рынка страховых услуг в развитых странах (США, Евросоюз и Япония), а также рассмотрены подходы к организации государственного регулирования страховой деятельности, рекомендуемые к внедрению Международной ассоциацией страховых надзоров в рамках совершенствования процедур государственного регулирования страховой деятельности.
Планирование ассортимента услуг: проблемы и особенности формирования
Authors: Нестеренко Татьяна Викторовна , Гущина Юлия Игоревна , Иевлева Наталья Владимировна , Гаврилова Оксана Александровна
Published: March 2017

В статье проведен анализ существующих проблем формирования и управления портфелем услуг, а также обоснована необходимость совершенствования системы управления ассортиментом посредством планирования, связанная с недостаточным его развитием для организаций сферы услуг. Авторами предложена и обоснована эффективная методика оптимизации портфеля услуг, позволяющая планировать как количественный, так и качественный состав ассортимента. Предложенная методика по оптимизации планирования ассортимента услуг универсальна для любого субъекта рынка, позволяет выявлять посредством АВС-анализа и развивать более прибыльные позиции из предлагаемого ассортимента.
Положения и выводы статьи могут быть использованы в процессе формирования сбалансированного портфеля услуг организаций в различных сферах и областях функционирования, располагающих огромным ассортиментом услуг, который необходимо реализовать.
Материал, изложенный в статье, будет полезен практикующим специалистам, участвующим в процессе формирования оптимального ассортимента услуг. Результаты исследования могут быть полезны в научной деятельности, а также в учебном процессе учреждений образования при реализации основных и дополнительных программ.
Programa Nacional de Habitação Rural e modo de morar no campo: reflexões a partir da casa rural na Zona da Mata mineira
Authors: Carvalho Aline Werneck Barbosa de , Paula Nayara Elisa Silva de , Pereira Dafhini Aline Grego
Published: March 2017

O Programa Nacional de Habitação Rural (PNHR) constitui a vertente rural do Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida - MCMV e tem como objetivo reduzir o déficit habitacional rural por meio da reforma ou construção de novas moradias. Apesar da importância desse Programa para a fixação do homem ao campo, neste artigo procura-se chamar a atenção para a necessidade de adequação da tipologia de casa do PNHR ao modo de morar na área rural. A pesquisa fundamentou-se na análise da habitação rural em Minas Gerais, mais especificamente na região da Zona da Mata, bem como na análise da legislação que rege o PNHR, como leis, portarias e decretos. Os resultados apontaram que as especificações técnicas mínimas estabelecidas pelo Ministério das Cidades para o PNHR desconsideram o modo de vida rural e os hábitos dos moradores. Embora haja o cuidado de não estabelecer áreas mínimas para os compartimentos, a fixação da área útil total em 36m2 e o dimensionamento induzido a partir do tamanho e descrição do mobiliário mínimo conduzem à formatação de um programa de necessidades muito semelhante ao da tipologia de casa adotado pela versão urbana do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida.
Projeto de assentamento Maisa: conflito entre os saberes técnico e popular no processo de planejamento físico-espacial do seu habitat
Authors: Cerqueira Maria Cândida Teixeira de
Published: March 2017

Como o arquiteto e urbanista pode assimilar conhecimentos e aprimorar sua prática profissional a partir da vivência de situações em conflito existente entre o seu saber técnico e o saber popular no mundo rural? Este artigo relata o envolvimento deste profissional no planejamento e concepção do espaço dos habitats do assentamento Maisa (19.702 ha), remanescente de grande empresa fruticultora do RN. Corresponde a uma experiência pioneira no país, visto que pela primeira vez, uma instituição de assessoria técnica (AESCA) a movimento social (MST) contrata, de maneira legalizada - com aval do Estado, através do INCRA - profissional da arquitetura e urbanismo, introduzindo novos saberes. Assim, durante o ano de 2005, através de metodologia participativa, a equipe técnica, lideranças e assentados, coordenados pelo MST, conceberam o projeto dos habitats (denominados agrovilas pelo INCRA) Pomar, Apodi, Real e Montana. Foram experienciados conflitos quanto a: localização dos habitats; dimensão dos lotes de moradia; modelo da habitação; modo de construção (mutirão ou contratação de empreiteiras). Apreende-se que as decisões finais devem ser fruto da avaliação coletiva dos limites entre o saber popular e as necessidades técnicas, entendendo os momentos de ruptura e de dominação, para deles tirar partido.
УСМЕНО РАЗУМЕВАЊЕ У НАСТАВИ ФРАНЦУСКОГ КАО СТРАНОГ ЈЕЗИКА
Authors: Радусин-Бардић Наташа
Published: March 2017

У наставној пракси француског као страног језика различити су разлози који отежавају развијање компетенције усменог разумевања, а међу њима су доминантност писаног кôда, које се често намеће, на уштрб усменог кôда, од самог почетка учења страних језика у институционализованој настави, затим занемареност значаја фонетских вежби у настави француског као страног језика и занемареност значаја језичке варијабилности, односно ситуационог раслојавања француског језика. Ови закључци изведени су на основу анонимне анкете међу студентима Филозофског факултета који студирају француски језик или га уче као предмет по избору у току школске 2006/07. године.
ПОНАВЉАЊА КАО ОСНОВ ЗНАЧЕЊА У ПЕСМИ „ЗИДАЊЕ СКАДРА”
Authors: Пешикан-Љуштановић Љиљана Ж.
Published: March 2017

Рад се бави понављањима у песми Старца Рашка Зидање Скадра,  то оним везаним за градњу, градбену жртву, породичне односе, мајчинство, на којима почива значење песме. Показује се да је песма компонована на принципу понављања: од стиха, преко појединих сегмената, до целине дела. Претпоставља се да овакав тип анализе може олакшати посредовање ове песме ученицима и њихово разумевање концепата традиционалне културе.
ПОЈАМ КОРЕЛАЦИЈЕ У МЕТОДИЦИ НАСТАВЕ
Authors: Мркаљ Зона В.
Published: March 2017

Појам „корелација” у наставној терминологији има неколико значења. Поред уобичајеног схватања, корелација се успоставља и између оријентационих циљева наставе и стратегија учења. Овај појам, шире гледано, везује се и за објашњење појма „методика“. Појам корелације тумачи се у склопу повезивања садржаја подобласти једног предмета, а затим као међупредметни и међуобласни однос. У овом раду пратиће се успостављање корелација са предметом српски језик и књижевност који се, као доминантан, проучава и у основној и у средњој школи.
ОТКЛАЊАЊЕ НЕГАТИВНЕ СУГЕСТИЈЕ ПРЕМА ЧИТАЊУ УЗАЈАМНИМ ДЕЈСТВОМ ДРУГИХ УМЕТНОСТИ
Authors: Илић Павле Ј.
Published: March 2017

У данашње време ученици све чешће избегавају читање лектире и других текстова у настави књижевности, чему је допринело много утицаја (обимни план и програм, непримерени однос наставника и старомодни захтеви ученицима, привлачност визуелних медија). Начини уклањања негативног односа према читању треба да иду управо путем нових трендова и саодносом уметничких дисциплина.
ИЛУСТРАТИВНИ МАТЕРИЈАЛ У АКТУЕЛНИМ РАДНИМ СВЕСКАМА ИЗ РУСКОГ ЈЕЗИКА ЗА ОСНОВНУ ШКОЛУ У СРПСКОЈ ГОВОРНОЈ СРЕДИНИ
Authors: Ајџановић Наташа Д.
Published: March 2017

Рад се теоријски и практично, на примеру двају актуелних уџбеничких комплета (Родничок и Орбита), бави значајем који илустративни материјал има у радним свескама за учење страног језика, пре свега руског, на основношколском узрасту.
ИНСТРУМЕНТИ ОЦЕЊИВАЊА ПРЕВОДИЛАЧКЕ КОМПЕТЕНЦИЈЕ У НАСТАВИ
Authors: Ераковић Борислава Р.
Published: March 2017

Вредновање преводилачке способности студената у нашим условима углавном је засновано на сумативном оцењивању превода непознатог текста у испитним условима, и то на основу анализе грешака. При томе се анализирају два типа грешака: разумевање изворног текста и нарушавање језичких правила (граматичких, лексичких и прагматичких) у циљном тексту. Како је у студијама о актуелним начинима вредновања превода показано, са педагошког становишта ефикаснији су они модели вредновања превода којима се установљује које су преводилачке поткомпетенције узрок насталих грешака. На основу консултоване литературе из области предагогије стручног превођења и вишегодишњег педагошког преводилачког искуства, у раду описујемо могућу примену преводилачког дневника и превода текста у слободним условима као могуће инструменте за вредновање укупне преводилачке компетенције студената на курсевима превођења стручних текстова.
ПРИМЕРИ МЕТОДИЧКИХ МОДЕЛА ВОДИЧА КРОЗ УЏБЕНИК
Authors: Штасни Гордана Р. , Добрић Наташа М.
Published: March 2017

У раду се приказују модели различитих типова водича кроз уџбенике и разматра дидактичко-методичка оправданост њихове интеграције у структуру уџбеника.
КАКО ПРЕДАВАТИ КОНДИЦИОНАЛ У НАСТАВИ ЕНГЛЕСКОГ ЈЕЗИКА ЗА ЕКОНОМИСТЕ?
Authors: Силашки Надежда Р.
Published: March 2017

У раду се бавимо предавањем и усвајањем кондиционала у настави енглеског језика економске струке. Најпре излажемо главне поставке анализе жанра, теоријског и методолошког модела погодног за наставу енглеског језика за потребе струке. Затим представљамо врсте кондиционала у језику економске науке, заговарајући такав приступ његовом предавању и усвајању који се знатно разликује од начина предавања кондиционала у настави општег енглеског језика. Захваљујући специфичности дискурса економске науке и струке, у коме употреба кондиционала игра важну улогу, закључујемо да кондиционал не треба предавати у односу на његов формални облик, већ у односу на прагматску и реторичку функцију коју обавља у језику економске науке.
КАРАКТЕРИСТИКЕ И ПРЕДНОСТИ ТЕХНИКЕ ЈЕДНОМИНУТНОГ ОДГОВОРА У НАСТАВИ СТРАНОГ ЈЕЗИКА
Authors: Лемајић Маја С.
Published: March 2017

Ауторка анализира карактеристике технике једноминутног одговора, износећи предности и мане уколико се користи у настави страног језика. Досадашња истраживања потврдила су ефикасност технике једноминутног одговора у настави природних наука и доказала да има велики утицај на побољшање и квалитет не само наставе у целини већ и на појединачно знање ученика из физике, математике, биологије и медицине. Ауторка је применила ову технику у настави страног језика и доказала да има позитиван утицај када је у питању учење енглеског језика. У истраживању су учествовале две групе ученика, разврстане у контролну и експерименталну групу. У раду се приказује начин на који је аутор спровео истраживање, као и добијени резултати који потврђују да техника једноминутног одговора може да нађе место у настави страног језика.
ИНОВАТИВНИ МОДЕЛИ УЧЕЊА И ПОУЧАВАЊА У НАСТАВИ НЕМАЧКОГ ЈЕЗИКА
Authors: Стипанчевић Aна И.
Published: March 2017

У овом раду ће бити речи о две врсте иновација у настави. Једна врста иновација се тиче садржине и подразумева књижевне текстове чија је примена у наставном процесу данас запостављена. Прецизираће се корист њихове имплементације, даће се критеријуми за одабир књижевних текстова као и предлози за дидактизацију. Друга врста иновација се односи на организацију наставног процеса и подразумева наставне моделе који нуде модерније приступе у обради књижевног дела. Један од таквих модела је настава усмерена на делање и продукцију. Осим што ће се са теоријског становништва говорити о овим иновацијама, у раду ће се на основу једног модела часа приказати њихова конкретна примена у настави немачког језика.
ИЗМЕНЕ И ДОПУНЕ ПРАВОПИСА МАТИЦЕ СРПСКЕ У ДОДАТНОЈ НАСТАВИ СРПСКОГ ЈЕЗИКА У СРЕДЊОЈ ШКОЛИ
Authors: Ђорђев Ивана Ђ.
Published: March 2017

У овом раду се, на основу релевантне методичке и савремене литературе из области нормативистике, осмишљава методички модел погодан за извођење на часовима додатне наставе предмета Српски језик и књижевност у четвртом разреду средње школе. Циљ рада је да сагледа поједине измене и допуне актуелног Правописа српскога језика Матице српске и допринесе бржем и једноставнијем усвајању установљених иновација, првенствено у писменом изражавању ученика средњег образовања. Израђени модел диференциране наставе изведен је у наставној пракси на редовним састанцима једне средњошколске лингвистичке секције. Допринео је богаћењу свеукупне језичке културе ученика и утицао на већу заинтересованост ученика за остале теме из овог веома значајног сегмента наставе језика.
Color Coded Cards for Student Behavior Management in Higher Education Environments
Authors: Alhalabi Wadee S. , Alhalabi Mobeen
Published: March 2017

The Color Coded Cards system as a possibly effective class management tool is the focus of this research. The Color Coded Cards system involves each student being given a card with a specific color based on his or her behavior. The main objective of the research is to find out whether this system effectively improves students’ behavior, thus leading to better class management. The research was conducted with 350 students as subjects, and the data were gathered by means of a questionnaire administered over a period of three years. A qualitative method was applied to analyze the results and draw precise conclusions. The results were interesting and promising.
UM ESTUDO SOBRE A INFLUÊNCIA DA ARBORIZAÇÃO NA PRAÇA DA AVENIDA NS15 DA QUADRA 307 NORTE
Authors: Heerdt Christine , Oliveira Mariela Cristina Ayres de
Published: March 2017

Uma arborização adequada contribui para a diminuição do desconforto gerado pelo calor. O estudo foi realizado em quadra residencial de uso misto da região norte da cidade de Palmas. O objetivo principal do trabalho foi avaliar a influência da vegetação, principalmente das árvores do cerrado, no clima da praça da avenida NS 15, na 307 Norte. Com o inventário das árvores da região fez-se a escolha adequada das espécies as quais foram feitas medições da temperatura ambiente, de ar e de globo, temperatura de superfície, umidade relativa do ar, luminosidade, temperatura e velocidade do vento verificando o comportamento dos fatores que compõem o clima e o conforto térmico em cada situação, além de campo aberto para efeito de comparação. Com os dados obtidos foram realizadas simulações computacionais através do programa Envi-Met, detectando zonas de influência da arborização na área estudada e seu entorno. Com isso, concluiu-se a relevância da vegetação para a obtenção de ambientes confortáveis termicamente, pois colabora com a estabilidade microclimática, com a redução da insolação direta, redução da velocidade dos ventos, desempenhando um importante papel na melhoria da condição ambiental das cidades e melhora na qualidade de vida de seus habitantes.
Valorization of Superabsorbent Polymers from Used Disposable Diapers as Soil Moisture Conditioner
Authors: Sánchez-Orozco Raymundo , Timoteo-Cruz Beatriz , Torres-Blancas Teresa , Ureña-Núñez Fernando
Published: March 2017

This study was conducted to explore the potential of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) from used disposable diapers as soil moisture conditioner. Swelling behavior of the proposed hydrogel in response to external stimuli such as salt solutions, temperature and pH was studied. In addition, laboratory experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of incorporation hydrogel on germination of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and pumpkin (C. pepo) seeds. The structure of the superabsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results indicate that the proposed SAP exhibited a maximum swelling capacity of 189 g.g-1 of dry gel. It was observed that the swelling capacity decreased with an increase in the ionic strength of the swelling medium. When this SAP was mixed with sandy soil, the mixture was able to lose water more slowly. The seeds germination and seedling growth was remarkably influenced by the application of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 w/w% of SAP compared to the untreated soil. Therefore, it follows that it is possible to take advantage of SAPs property from used disposable diapers to retain the moisture in soil as an alternative to value the use of such waste, showing that it has potential for diverse applications in agriculture.
A Study of Polycrystalline Silicon Damage Features Based on Nanosecond Pulse Laser Irradiation with Different Wavelength Effects
Authors: Xu Jiangmin , Zhang Tengfei , Feng Aixin , Han Zhenchun
Published: March 2017

Based on PVDF (piezoelectric sensing techniques), this paper attempts to study the propagation law of shock waves in brittle materials during the process of three-wavelength laser irradiation of polysilicon, and discusses the formation mechanism of thermal shock failure. The experimental results show that the vapor pressure effect and the plasma pressure effect in the process of pulsed laser irradiation lead to the splashing of high temperature and high density melt. With the decrease of the laser wavelength, the laser breakdown threshold decreases and the shock wave is weakened. Because of pressure effect of the laser shock, the brittle fracture zone is at the edge of the irradiated area. The surface tension gradient and surface shear wave caused by the surface wave are the result of coherent coupling between optical and thermodynamics. The average propagation velocity of laser shock wave in polysilicon is 8.47×103m/s, and the experiment has reached the conclusion that the laser shock wave pressure peak exponentially distributes attenuation in the polysilicon.
Identification and Characterization of Spontaneous Auxotrophic Mutants in Fusarium langsethiae
Authors: Gavrilova Olga , Skritnika Anna , Gagkaeva Tatiana
Published: March 2017

Analysis of 49 strains of F. langsethiae originating from northern Europe (Russia, Finland, Sweden, UK, Norway, and Latvia) revealed the presence of spontaneous auxotrophic mutants that reflect natural intraspecific diversity. Our investigations detected that 49.0% of F. langsethiae strains were auxotrophic mutants for biotin, and 8.2% of the strains required thiamine as a growth factor. They failed to grow on vitamin-free media. For both prototrophic and auxotrophic strains, no growth defect was observed in rich organic media. Without essential vitamins, a significant reduction in the growth of the auxotrophic strains results in a decrease of the formation of T-2 toxin and diacetoxyscirpenol. In addition, all analysed F. langsethiae strains were distinguished into two subgroups based on PCR product sizes. According to our results, 26 and 23 strains of F. langsethiae belong to subgroups I and II respectively. We determined that the deletion in the IGS region of the rDNA of F. langsethiae belonging to subgroup II is linked with temperature sensitivity and causes a decrease in strain growth at 30 °C. Four thiamine auxotrophic strains were found in subgroup I, while 21 biotin auxotrophic strains were detected in subgroups II. To the best of our knowledge, the spontaneous mutations in F. langsethiae observed in the present work have not been previously reported.
Pengaruh Dosis Injeksi Antemortem Papain Kasar terhadap Kualitas Fisik dan Organoleptik Daging Ayam Petelur Afkir pada Jenis Otot yang Berbeda
Authors: Widiastuti Agustin , Pudjomartatmo Pudjomartatmo , Patriadi Nuhriawangsa Adi Magna
Published: March 2017

The research was aimed to observe the effect of antemortem injection dose of crude papain, muscle part and its interaction on physical and organoleptic qualities post production laying hen meat. The sample used were the breast and thighs from 20 hens on average age 82 weeks. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) used Factorial Pattern 4 x 2. Factor A consisted A1: without papain (control); A2: 1 mg papain/ kg BW; A3: 2 mg papain/ kg BW and A4: 3 mg papain/ kg BW, factor B consisted B1: breast muscle and B2: thigh muscle. The datas were analyzed by Analysis of Variance and continued by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results showed that injection of crude papain dose gave highly significant difference (P<0.01) to all variables except tensile strength (P<0.05). Body parts gave highly significant difference (P<0.01) on shear force, tensile strength, WHC, cooking loss, organoleptic (shear force, texture and juice), and hedonic (P<0.05). The interaction was found between injection of crude papain dose and body part on WHC, organoleptic and hedonic (P<0.01), cooking loss (P<0.05). Dose of 3 mg/kg WB in thigh and breast meat has the best quality and the organoleptic quality of the combination of papain injection of 3 mg/kg WB in breast meat and 2 mg/kg WB in thigh meat has the best quality.

Keywords: antemortem injection, crude papain, physical and organoleptic quality, post production
laying hen meat
Pengaruh Penggunaan Rumput Kebar (Biophytum petsianum Clotzch) dalam Konsentrat Berdasarkan Kandungan Protein Kasar 19% terhadap Penampilan Kelinci
Authors: Kayadoe Martha , Faidiban O R , Purwaningsih Purwaningsih , Nurhidayati Dwi
Published: March 2017

The objective of this study was to investigate the performances of rabbit using several levels of Kebar grass in concentrate, i.e. 0, 5, 10 and 15%, according to protein requirement 19%. Research designed by using Randomized Design Group and each treatment was replicated two times. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and Continued with LSD test. The addition of kebar grass concentrates had no effect in ration and feed efficiency, but significantly affect body weight gain in treatment of 10% and 15% compared to without addition (0%) of kebar grass and 5%. The addition of kebar grass did not affect palatability.

Key words : kebar grass, rabbit, concentrate, formulations
Pengaruh Perbedaan Ketinggian Tempat Terhadap Capaian Hasil Inseminasi Buatan Pada Kambing Peranakan Ettawa
Authors: Utomo Setyo
Published: March 2017

This study was conducted to assess the reproductive performance and achievements of AI in goat reared in lowland and highland areas. The study used a survey method in two rural areas with the highest goat population. For lowland areas selected Karangwuni village while highland areas was Sidomulyo village. The results showed that for the lowland areas vs. the highland for reproductive performance were as follows: age of first estrus (10 vs 9.3 bl), age of first mating (13.2 vs 12.5 bl),
mating system 100% natural, post partum mating (4.2 vs 4.6 months), S / C (1.5 vs. 1.6). Understanding of farmers about the pregnant female: anestrus post-AI (85.7 vs. 22.2%), stomach down (14.3 vs. 0.00), the condition of the udder (0.00 vs 77.8%). Achievement results of AI (37.5 vs. 40%). Based on the results of the study concluded that the reproductive performance of goat in lowland areas was generally very similar to the highland areas, thus the development of large-scale goats in the lowland areas is recommended.
Key words: natural mating, artificial insemination, PE goats, lowland, highland
Produksi Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureum) yang Diberi Pupuk N, P dan K dengan Dosis 0, 50 dan 100% pada Devoliasi Hari ke-45
Authors: Seseray Daniel Yohanis , Santoso Budi , Lekitoo Marlyn Nelce
Published: March 2017

Production of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) would be better if fertilized with the proper doses and appropriate. This study aimed to determine the production of fresh matter, dry matter, ratio of grass stems and leaves, dry matter and organic matter of elephant grass given fertilizer N, P and K with the doses of 0%, 50% and 100% at defoliation at 45th day. This study used an experimental method of randomized block design experiment consisted of 5 and 3 treatments
groups, so there were 15 experimental units. The treatments used were: Treatment 1 (control/not fertilizer), Treatment 2 (100 kg Urea/ha; 50 kg TSP/ha; 50 kg KCl/ha) and Treatment 3 (200 kg Urea/ha, 100 kg TSP/ha: 100 kg KCl/ha). The results showed that the doses of fertilization treatments did not significantly (P≥ 0,05) affect the fresh matter, dry matter, ratio of grass stems:leaves, dry matter and organic matter value of elephant grass at the first harvest aged 45th day. Treatment 2 and 3 increased forage the fresh matter production by 29.86% and 28.51%, respectively, while production of dry matter by 28.85% and 30.77% compared to treatment 1 (control). The ratio of grass stems and leaves varied between 59.1 - 61.26%:38,7 - 40, 9%. Organic matter content tended to increase with increasing doses of N, P and K fertilizer.
Key words : elephant grass production, N, P, and K fertilizer, fertilizer doses
Pengaruh Jumlah Ayam Per Induk Buatan Terhadap Performan Ayam Petelur Strain Isa Brown Periode Starter
Authors: Risnajati D
Published: March 2017

This studyaimedtodetermine the extent ofthe influence ofthe number of chickensper litteronthe performanceof laying hensstrain IsaBrown onstarter periodandhow manychickens thatproduce thebestperformance ofbrooderwitha diameter of4meters.The research methodusedexperiment was acompletely randomized design(CRD) with3treatments, namelythe number of chickens500 heads(K1), 750heads(K2), and 1000heads (K3) perbrooderof each treatment was 9 replication. Parameters observed that feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion, water consumption, and mortality. Effect of treatment performed by analysis of variance and if the analysis showed a significant effect followed by Duncan's multiple range test. Increasing the number of chickens per flock artificial influenced of reducing body weight gain and increasing water intake, but had no effect on feed intake, feed conversion, and mortality. Good performance of chickens obtained from the amount of 750 per brooder chicken (K2) was shown with body weight gain approaching recommendation Guide Isa Brown (2005).
Keywords: brooder, the performance of laying hens, the starter period
Analisis Peran Komunikasi Anggota Kelompok dalam Jaringan Komunikasi
Authors: Anggriyani E.
Published: March 2017

The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of farmers’ affection on adoption of innovation. The respondents used in this study were the members of Sido Rejo and Sido Mulyo groupsin Bantul who had already obtained information about the innovation of compost. This research was conducted census through interviews of the object of research to obtain primary data. The influence of farmers’ affection on adoption of innovation was analyzed descriptively with sosiogram method. The results showed that both groups have one click with opinion leaders of each group leader. The conclusion of this study is the leader of the group is still the main direction in the dissemination of information in this regard as opinion leaders.
Keywords: the role of communication, communication networks, groups
Perbandingan Hasil Uji Performans Calon Induk (Heifer) Sapi Aceh dengan Metode Indeks Seleksi (IS) dan Nilai Pemuliaan (NP)
Authors: B. Putra W P , Madi Su , Hartatik T. , Saumar H.
Published: March 2017

This research was conducted to investigate the results of selection in Aceh cattle candidate
bull using breeding value (BV) and selection index (SI) methods. The Secondary data in this research was records data from 2010 to 2013 and consisted of family tree, birth and body weight records at Indrapuri’s Breeding and Forages Centre (IBFC) of Aceh Cattle. Data records collected for estimate heritability nor the genetic and phenotypic correlations. The research showed that heritability value of weaning weight (WW), yearling weight (YW) and final weight (FW) included high category. Genetic correlation between WW with YW and FW were positively moderate. The concluded of this research was 48 % heifers had same rank on BVFW and SI from 29 heifers. Index selection method could be use for livestock selection criteria.
Key words: Aceh cattle, breeding value, selection index, heritability, genetic correlations
Penggunaan Pakan Komplit Berbasis Limbah Industri Pertanian Terhadap Produktivitas Ternak Sapi Potong di Kabupaten Boyolali
Authors: Hanifa Aqni , Sari Ayu Intan
Published: March 2017

This activity aims to increase the productivity of cattle in farms of the people through improvement of feed. This event was held in the village whole observatories, District Selo, Boyolali. Proximate analysis carried out in the laboratory feed and Nutrition, Husbandry Program, Faculty of Agriculture UNS. The material used is a member Gapoktan Sari Bumi Handayani and KTT Lembu Suro, cattle weighing 269.50 ± 31,44 kg and feed. Green feed such as rice straw and concentrate (P0, P1 and P2). The method used is 1) a discussion and interviews using a structured questionnaire, 2) technology training and extension activities preparation of cattle feed and feeding management of livestock with FGD (Focus Group Discussion), 3) Method of pilot maintenance beef cattle feedlots system for 1 month.
 The parameters measured were feed intake, Added Daily Body Weight (PBBH), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) as well as the cost of revenue and 4) monitoring activities. The collected data is then analyzed and presented descriptively. The results obtained activity 1) the involvement of members of the two groupstotaling 22 people (18 men and 4 women) and the majority (55%) aged 41-50 years in counseling and training activities, 2) the level of knowledge and skills of farmers before and after activity increased (the results of the pre test and post-test of 4,91 to 8,04), 3) obtained two kinds of concentrate applied to pilot the maintenance of beef cattle, 4) monitoring the pilot obtained feed consumption for P0, P1 and P2 are respectively 206,08; 282,92 and 245,52 kg. PBBH to P0, P1 and P2 are respectively 0,80; 1,23 and 0,98 kg. FCR for P0, P1 and P2 are respectively 9,16; 8,20 and 8,93. Cost of revenue for the P0, P1 and P2 respectively is Rp 485.300,00; Rp 654.880,00; Rp 403.871,00 per head per month. The conclusion drawn is concentrate feed 1 (P1) is the best feed for optimizing the productivity of cattle.

 Keywords: complete feed, beef cattle productivity, farm people, Boyolali
Pemotongan Sapi Betina Produktif di Rumah Potong Hewan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Rasminati Nur
Published: March 2017

The research was conducted to know the number of the productive female beef cattle slaughtering at abattoir in DIY. All of the beef cattle which slaughtered along a month were used in this research. The result showed that the number of productive beef cattle slaughtered  up to 2 years old were 28.98%; 2 – 5 years old were 69.55%; more than 5 years old were 1.44%. The female beef cattle slaughtered were 54.58% and the male beef cattle slaughtered were 32.36%. The non productive beef cattle slaughtered were 13.04% including 5.79% male and 7.24% female. The Peranakan Ongole (PO) breed slaughtered was 60.36% (125 heads), Brahman Cross 16.42% (34 heads), Simmental 15.94% (33 heads), Brangus 2.42% (5 heads), Limousine 4.35% (9 heads) and PFH 0.48% (1 heads). The percentage of productive beef cattle slaughtering were 86.95% with female beef productive were 64.25% and the PO breed at 2 – 5 years old were the most slaughtered. It could be concluded that the productive female beef cattle slaughtering at abattoir in DIY was quite high, which may influence the breed resources of beef cattle.

 

Key words : Productive beef cattle, slaughtering, abattoir, Yogyakarta

 
Evaluasi Biofermentasi Rumen Sapi Peranakan Ongole yang Diberi Pakan Berserat
Authors: Suprayogi Wara Pratitis Sabar
Published: March 2017

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of ground peanut straw, king grass and corn forage and their ability to provide nutrients for livestock in terms of rumen fermentation. Three rumen-fistulated PO cattles were used to investigate rumen fermentation parameter (pH, NH3,VFA).  The cattles were fed ground peanut straw (PS), king grass (KG) and corn forage (CF) ad libitum as single feed. The values of rumen fermentation parameters were analyzed using Analysis of Variance of Completely Randomized Design. The result showed that rumen pH, and of cattle fed with PS, KG and CF were 6.94, 6.68 and 6.71, NH3 concentrations 13.71, 6.85 and 4.37mg/100ml, and total VFA concentrations 48.99, 70.17 and 51.59 mmol/l, respectively.  Values of pH and NH3 concentration were significantly different (p<0.05) among treatments, meanwhile VFA concentration were not significantly different. Ground peanut straw resulted the highest rumen fermentation parameters.

 

Key words : Peranakan Onggole cattle, fibrous feed, nutritive value, rumen fermentation
Evaluasi Adopsi Inovasi Feed Additive Herbal untuk Ternak Ayam Pedaging
Authors: Sari Ayu Intan
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this research is to evaluate technically and economical adoption of herbal feed additive innovation for broiler. This research was conducted from August to October 2008, in the broiler farm at Karanganyar, Sragen, and Boyolali by using research based method of descriptive analysis. The respondents of the research were 34 farmers selected by using purposive convenience sampling. Evaluation technical adoption of herbal feed additive innovation, was analyzes base on the respondent’s answer to questionnaire which draw a process adoption of innovation, consist of the first reason of farmer apply innovation, process receiving innovation and the difficulties and in apply innovation. The result of research shows based on technical evaluation result there differences adoption innovation process on adopter category early and late, it is first reason receive innovation where on early adopter category because on broiler production higher (52,94%), while the first reason for late adopter category in receive innovation because to save production cost (47,06%). The result also shows that early adopter category of farmers (58,82%) not found difficulties in apply innovation feed additive, while in late category adopter (52,94%) . Found difficulties in apply innovation feed additive. Base on economic evaluation value, the income of broilers farm without using feed additive herbal at scale > 8.000 broiler Rp 2.392,18 per broiler, scale 3001– 8.000 broilers Rp 1.910,54 per broiler, and the income at scale < 3000 broilers Rp 1.616,59 per broiler. Income of broilers farm with using feed additive herbal base on scale > 8.000 broilers Rp 2.557,19 per broiler, scale 3001- 8000 broilers Rp 1.767,15 per broiler. The conclusion from this research are different evaluation score technical adoption innovation feed additive herbal at the early and late adopter category, it is on the first reason in receive innovation where the early adopter category because of the broilers productivity higher, while late adopter category in receive innovation because the save the production cost. Base on economic evaluation result, there is increase income received by farmers after using innovation feed additive herbal and more scale broilers farm, so the advantage which get also bigger.

 
Key words:      Technical evaluation, economic evaluation, adoption invation, herbal feed additive
Pengaruh Suplementasi Lisin terhadap Karakteristik Karkas Itik Lokal Jantan Umur Sepuluh Minggu
Authors: Amiruddin Bahtiar Nur Khalis , Sudiyono Sudiyono , Ratriyanto Adi
Published: March 2017

The objective of the study was to determine the effect of lysine supplementation in ration on carcass yield, abdominal fat and fat content of ten-week old male local duck meat. The study used 80 male local ducks aged two weeks (average weight 326.40±31.84 g). The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design with four treatments, consisted of four replications with five male local ducks each. Rations consisted of pollard, yellow corn, soybean meal, palm oil, premix and lysine (in the form of L-Lysine HCl). The basal diet was supplemented with lysine at the amount of 0 (control), 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15%. The variables observed were the slaughter weight, abdominal fat percentage, carcass yield and fat content of the meat. The results showed that lysine supplementation in the diet of local duck ten-week old male decreased (P<0.01) abdominal fat but did not affect slaughter weight, carcass yield and fat content of meat. It can be concluded that lysine supplementation of 0.15 percent of the total ration can reduce abdominal fat percentage of ten-week old male local duck meat.
Pengaruh Pengaturan Waktu Pemberian Air Minum yang Berbeda Temperatur terhadap Performan Ayam Petelur Periode Grower
Authors: Risnajati Dede
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of interaction between drinking
water provision and drinking water temperature on performance of growing period laying hens. The research used Complete Randomized Design factorial pattern with two factors. The first factor consisted of five times of drinking water provision, ie, without restriction (WO), reduction in the provision of drinking water 2 hours (W1), 3 hours (W2), 4 hours (W3), and 5 hours per day (W4). The second factor consisted of two drinking water temperatures: 25-27 °C (T0) and 21-23 °C (T1). Each treatment was repeated 3 times and each replication consisted of five chickens. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance and continued with Duncan’s test. There was interaction between drinking water provision and drinking water temperature on body weight and feed conversion. The 2-hour reduction of drinking water provision per day with water temperature 21-23 °C produced the best performance of laying hens in growing period.

Key words: laying hens, performance, grower, drinking water
HARMONISASI PENGATURAN PAJAK DAERAH DALAM KERANGKA DESENTRALISASI FISKAL DAN OTONOMI DAERAH (studi Kabupaten Sukoharjo, Kota Surakarta, dan Kabupaten karanganyar)
Authors: , Achmad , , Suranto , , Pujiyono
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Knowing the harmonization level of regional taxes legislation in Sukoharjo, Surakarta, and Karanganyar district with the act of regional tax and retribution is the aim of this research. This is normatif and empirical research. Literature studies, interviews, and observations used as data collecting instruments. The collected data drafted and analyzed systematically using qualitative methods. Data presented by deductive inductive thought (general-specific) and then find out for the logical relationships between related aspects. This research revealed that: First, the Central Government Policy through the regional tax and retribution act No. 28 of 2009, makes the design of local taxes more organized and well arrangement. Second, there has been a harmonization of the policy formation of district legislation with the act of regional tax and retribution in three district. Without violating the limits defined by the Act, the type and the rates of the taxes determined varied according to the conditions of each region

Keywords: Harmonization, decentralization, regional tax.

 Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui taraf harmonisasi Peraturan Perundang-undangan Pajak Daerah di Kabupaten Sukoharjo, Kota Surakarta dan kabupaten Karanganyar dengan Undang-Undang Pajak Daerah dan retribusi Daerah. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan secara normatif sekaligus empiris. Instrumen pengumpul data menggunakan studi kepustakaan, wawancara, dan observasi. Data yang terkumpul disusun dan dianalisis secara sistematis dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Penyajian data dilakukan dengan menggunakan logika deduktif-induktif (umum-khusus) dan kemudian dicari hubungan logis diantara aspek-aspek yang berhubungan. Hasil penelitian ini antara lain : Pertama, Kebijakan Pemerintah Pusat dalam mengatur Pajak Daerah melalui UU No 28 Tahun 2009 tentang Pajak Daerah dan Retribusi Daerah, membuat desain penataan pajak daerah lebih tertata dan teratur. Kedua, telah terjadi harmonisasi kebijakan pembentukkan Peraturan Daerah ditiga kabupaten/kota dengan Undang-Undang Pajak dan retribusi Daerah. Penentuan jenis dan tarif pajak dirumuskan secara variatif/ beragam disesuaikan dengan kondisi daerah masing-masing tanpa melanggar batasan yang telah ditentukan oleh UU.

Kata Kunci : Harmonisasi, desentralisasi, Pajak daerah