bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-apoptotic effects of valproic acid treatment on dopaminergic neuronal loss in a 6-hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson’s disease in rats
Authors: CUMBUL Alev , EYUBOGLU Signem , KELEŞ Elif Çiğdem , USLU Unal , GENÇ Ece
Published: March 2022

Aim: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons resulting in deterioration of motor activity in patients. Currently, available therapies including Levodopa (L-DOPA) are more geared toward the treatment of symptoms. Therefore, developing effective neuroprotective therapies is needed. Valproic acid (VPA) has shown potent neuroprotective effects on dopamine (DA) neurons in various brain regions. The aim of this study is to investigate whether VPA attenuates the neuronal loss when co-treated with L-DOPA in a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced PD model in rats.Methods: Male Wistar Albino rats received intranigral injection of 6-OHDA unilaterally. Twelve days later rats received either saline, L-DOPA, VPA, or L-DOPA+ VPA for 9 days. To determine whether rats had dopaminergic neuronal loss apomorphine-induced rotation test was used. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed in the Substantia Nigra pars compacta (SNpc) by measuring the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive neurons and the apoptotic neurons.Results: 6-OHDA injection showed clinically impairment of the motor function with histologically significant damage to the dopaminergic neurons. VPA administration combined with L- DOPA protected neurons in SNpc by increasing the TH positive neurons and by decreasing the apoptotic neurons. L-DOPA given as a monotherapy, on the other hand, was ineffective on these parameters.Conclusion: Our experiments demonstrated that VPA had a neuroprotective effect when used with L-DOPA in the PD rat model.
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea: Causative Agent, Epidemiology, Clinical
Characteristics, and Treatment Strategy Targeting Main Protease
Authors: Shamsi Tooba N. , Yin Jiang , James Michelle E. , James Michael N.G.
Published: March 2022

Aims:

This aimed to study the causative agent, epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and
treatment strategy targeting the main protease in porcine epidemic diarrhea.

Background:

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a contagious intestinal viral infection causing
severe diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration in pigs. High rates of mortalities and severe morbidities,
approaching 100%, are reported in piglets infected with PEDV. In recent years, PED has been
observed to influence the swine-farming nations in Europe, Asia, the USA, South Korea, and
Canada. The PED virus (PEDV) transmission takes place through a faecal-oral route.

Objective:

The objective is to review the characteristics of PEDV and its role in the disease. In
addition, we aim to outline some possible methods to combat PED infection, including targeting the
main protease of coronavirus and their future perspectives.

Method:

This study is a review of literature on the PED virus.

Results:

Apart from symptomatic treatment and supportive care, there is no available specific
treatment for PEDV. Appropriate disinfectants and cleaning are pivotal for the control of PEDV. To
date, apart from anti-PEDV inhibitors, there are no specific drugs available commercially to treat
the disease. Therefore, 3C-like protease (3CLpro) in PEDV that has highly conserved structure and
catalytic mechanism serves as an alluring drug as it plays a vital role during viral polyprotein
processing at the time of infection.

Conclusion:

A well synchronized and collective effort of scientists, swine veterinarians, pork
industry experts, and associated authorities is essential for the accomplishment of proper execution
of these required measures.
Metal-Organic Framework Based Drug Delivery for Alzheimer's Therapy
and Clinical Progress
Authors: Bukhari Syed Nasir Abbas
Published: March 2022

Abastract:

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a category of composite materials synthesized
through metal ions and organic ligands. This class of material has a variety of applications, including
energy storage, isolation, catalysis, sensing, cancer theranostics, and so on; this rapidly expanding
class of frameworks provides advantages. However, MOF uses have not been expanded in chemosensing
and neurodegenerative disease phototherapy. In recent years, there has been a lot of focus on
research on metal-organic structures (MOFs) in biomedical applications. MOFs are considered promising
classes of drug-related nanocarriers based on their well-defined architecture, superficial and porous
surfaces, configurable pores, and simple chemical functionalization. In this report, in the first
part, we explored the special proprieties of MOFs and their benefits for drug delivery as nanocarriers
in biomedical applications. Adapting MOFs to therapeutic agents, like surface adsorption, pore modularity,
covalent bindings, and functional molecules, were also summarized in this review. Many
other MOF applications in chemotherapeutic agents were discovered in the last segment, not only for
a tumor laser treatment but also for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's (AD). Presently,
highly responsive Alzheimer's biomarkers (AD) are essential for us in preventing and diagnosing
AD, i.e., presenilin 1, amyloid β-protein (Aβ), as well as acetylcholine (ACh). The brain's deviant
amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) mixture is the primary pathologic symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Inhibiting
aggregation is regarded as an appealing preventive action to alleviate amyloid neuroinflammation.
In this study, we looked at how effective response and AD diagnosis have changed, and I
looked at the future of MOFs in this field.
Individual Language Policy
Authors: Nguyen Trang Thi Thuy
Published: March 2022

This book explores individual language policy among bilingual youth who belong to different ethnic minority groups in Vietnam, as reflected in their daily language behaviours. Contributing to research on language and identity, and language policy in non-Anglophone contexts, it will appeal to those working in sociolinguistics and related areas.
Фазовая однородность керамических материалов на основе Si-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-N-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-, изготовленных методом электроимпульсного плазменного спекания
Authors: Дрожилкин П.Д. , Сметанина К.Е. , Алексеева Л.С. , Болдин М.С. , Востоков М.М. , Каразанов К.О. , Мурашов А.А. , Андреев П.В.
Published: March 2022

Ceramics obtained by spark plasma sintering of powder compositions of Si3N4 was studied by the method of layer-by-layer X-ray diffraction analysis. The effect of carbon diffusion in the surface layers of the sintered ceramics from the graphite mold was observed. The homogeneity of the ceramic phase composition along the depth of the sample was shown. Therefore, a uniform distribution of the temperature field inside the sintered sample was concluded.
Оценка моделей давления флуктуаций потока для расчета кавитирующих течений
Authors: Le Anh Dinh , Ngoc Linh Le , Viet Anh Truong , Tran Hung The
Published: March 2022

A numerical study is performed to simulate the cavitating flow, evaluating the applicability of different flow fluctuation pressure (FFP) models such as the Singhai FFT model, the modified Singhal FFT model, the shear strain model, and the present shear strain-vorticity model. The axisymmetric blunt-body with the availability of experimental data is selected for the simulation purpose. According to the results, the first three FFP models produce nearly similar pressure coefficient Cp distribution on the blunt-body. On the other hand, the numerical results indicate the influence of both turbulent shear strain rate and the vorticity in the flow. A slightly better prediction of the cavitation mechanisms such as the flow parameter Cp and cavity length is thus produced with the present shear strain-vorticity model.
Концентрационный элемент на основе электрогенных процессов в корнеобитаемой среде
Authors: Кулешова Т.Э. , Панова Г.Г. , Галль Н.Р. , Галушко А.С.
Published: March 2022

The experimental bioelectrochemical current source based on the concentration gradient of charge carriers in the root environment of plants has been created. A potential difference of about 70 mV is observed in the nutrient solution. It is gradually decreasing due to equalization of concentrations. The voltage increases to 200 mV when plant are placed in a cultivation system as the root system develops due to the intensification of diffusion processes. The potential-forming role of nitrate forms of nitrogen is shown on the example of lettuce grown according to the panoponics technology. The separation of electrical charges by the root system during the life of plants can become an alternative source of green energy.
A Platform (Authorships.org) for the Objective Qualification and Order of Academic Authorship in Medical and Science Journals: Development and Evaluation Study Using the Design Science Research Methodology
Authors: Raptis Dimitri Aristotle , Raptis Aristotle , Tinguely Pascale ,   Authorships.org Collaborative
Published: March 2022

Background

The qualification and order of authorship in scientific manuscripts are the main disputes in collaborative research work.

Objective

The aim of this project was to develop an open-access web-based platform for objective decision-making of authorship qualification and order in medical and science journals.

Methods

The design science process methodology was used to develop suitable software for authorship qualification and order. The first part of the software was designed to differentiate between qualification for authorship versus acknowledgment, using items of the recommendations of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. The second part addressed the order of authorship, using the analytical hierarchy process for objective multiple criteria decision-making and ranking. The platform was evaluated qualitatively (n=30) and quantitatively (n=18) using a dedicated questionnaire, by an international panel of medical and biomedical professionals and research collaborators worldwide.

Results

Authorships.org represents an open-access software compatible with all major platforms and web browsers. Software usability and output were evaluated and presented for 3 existing clinical and biomedical research studies. All 18 international evaluators felt that the Authorships.org platform was easy to use or remained neutral. Moreover, 59% (n=10) were satisfied with the software output results while the rest were unsure, 59% (n=10) would definitely use it for future projects while 41% (n=7) would consider it, 94% (n=16) felt it may prove useful to eliminate disputes regarding authorship, 82% (n=14) felt that it should become mandatory for manuscript submission to journals, and 53% (n=9) raised concerns regarding the potential unethical use of the software as a tool.

Conclusions

Authorships.org allows transparent evaluation of authorship qualification and order in academic medical and science journals. Objectified proof of authorship contributions may become mandatory during manuscript submission in high-quality academic journals.
Feasibility and Acceptability of a Ugandan Telehealth Engagement Platform for Informational Messaging on Modern Contraception: Pilot Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kamulegeya Louis Henry , Bwanika JohnMark , Banonya Joy , Atuhaire Joan , Musinguzi Davis , Nakate Vivian , Kyenkya Joshua , Namatende Lydia , Horvath Keith J , Kiragga Agnes
Published: March 2022

Background

With the region’s highest population growth rate (30%), Uganda is on the brink of a population explosion, yet access to and utilization of public health control measures like modern contraception is a challenge. This is due to remotely located health facilities, noncustomized health content, and poor or nonfunctional post-facility follow-up.

Objective

The aim of our study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a telehealth engagement platform primarily targeting men; the platform provided behavioral and informational messaging on modern contraception (ie, family planning) and its impact on shaping sexual and reproductive health and knowledge and uptake of family planning services.

Methods

A longitudinal cohort of men aged 18 years and older gave consent to receive mobile phone messages on family planning; follow-up was performed at months 1, 4, and 6 to assess key study-related outcomes on knowledge transfer and acquisition on modern contraception, partner communication, and spousal uptake of family planning. Qualitative interviews with the study participants’ spouses were also performed.

Results

The study included 551 study participants, 450 of whom were men, the primary study participants, who received the family planning mobile messages and 101 of whom were their spouses. Of the 450 primary participants, 426 (95%) successfully received the messages and only 24 (5%) reported not receiving them. The average response (ie, participation) rate in weekly quizzes was 23%. There was a noted 18.1% increase in couple communication attributed to the intervention; couples opened up more to each other on matters concerning family planning.

Conclusions

Using digital channels to address the concerns and inquiries of participants in real time or as fast as possible helped to increase the likelihood that couples adopted family planning.
Challenges in Participant Engagement and Retention Using Mobile Health Apps: Literature Review
Authors: Amagai Saki , Pila Sarah , Kaat Aaron J , Nowinski Cindy J , Gershon Richard C
Published: March 2022

Background

Mobile health (mHealth) apps are revolutionizing the way clinicians and researchers monitor and manage the health of their participants. However, many studies using mHealth apps are hampered by substantial participant dropout or attrition, which may impact the representativeness of the sample and the effectiveness of the study. Therefore, it is imperative for researchers to understand what makes participants stay with mHealth apps or studies using mHealth apps.

Objective

This study aimed to review the current peer-reviewed research literature to identify the notable factors and strategies used in adult participant engagement and retention.

Methods

We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases for mHealth studies that evaluated and assessed issues or strategies to improve the engagement and retention of adults from 2015 to 2020. We followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Notable themes were identified and narratively compared among different studies. A binomial regression model was generated to examine the factors affecting retention.

Results

Of the 389 identified studies, 62 (15.9%) were included in this review. Overall, most studies were partially successful in maintaining participant engagement. Factors related to particular elements of the app (eg, feedback, appropriate reminders, and in-app support from peers or coaches) and research strategies (eg, compensation and niche samples) that promote retention were identified. Factors that obstructed retention were also identified (eg, lack of support features, technical difficulties, and usefulness of the app). The regression model results showed that a participant is more likely to drop out than to be retained.

Conclusions

Retaining participants is an omnipresent challenge in mHealth studies. The insights from this review can help inform future studies about the factors and strategies to improve participant retention.
The Use of Technology Among Persons With Memory Concerns and Their Caregivers in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Albers Elizabeth A , Mikal Jude , Millenbah Ashley , Finlay Jessica , Jutkowitz Eric , Mitchell Lauren , Horn Brenna , Gaugler Joseph E
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Stay-at-home orders and other public health measures designed to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 have increased isolation among persons with memory concerns (PWMCs: individuals diagnosed with cognitive impairment or Alzheimer disease or related dementias). The pandemic has also exacerbated challenges for family members who care for PWMCs. Although technology has demonstrated the potential to improve the social connections and mental health of PWMCs and their family caregivers (CGs), previous research shows that older adults may be reluctant to adopt new technologies.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to understand why and how some PWMCs and their CGs altered their use of mainstream technology, such as smartphones and fitness trackers, and assistive technology to adapt to lifestyle changes (eg, increased isolation) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS

Using data collected in 20 qualitative interviews from June to August 2020 with 20 PWMCs and family CG dyads, we assessed changes in and barriers to everyday technology use following the implementation of COVID-19 mitigation strategies in the United States. Zoom videoconferencing was utilized to conduct the interviews to protect the health of the participants who were primarily older adults.

RESULTS

Using qualitative thematic analysis, we identified 3 themes that explained motivations for using technology during a pandemic: (1) maintaining social connections, (2) alleviating boredom, and (3) increasing CG respite. Results further revealed lingering barriers to PWMC and CG adoption of technologies, including: (1) PWMC dependence upon CGs, (2) low technological literacy, and (3) limitations of existing technology.

CONCLUSIONS

This in-depth investigation suggests that technology can provide PWMCs with more independence and offer CGs relief from CG burden during periods of prolonged isolation.
Digital Education for Health Professionals: An Evidence Map, Conceptual Framework, and Research Agenda (Preprint)
Authors: Tudor Car Lorainne , Poon Selina , Kyaw Bhone Myint , Cook David A , Ward Victoria , Atun Rifat , Majeed Azeem , Johnston Jamie , van der Kleij Rianne M J J , Molokhia Mariam , V Wangenheim Florian , Lupton Martin , Chavannes Niels , Ajuebor Onyema , Prober Charles G , Car Josip
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Health professions education has undergone major changes with the advent and adoption of digital technologies worldwide.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to map the existing evidence and identify gaps and research priorities to enable robust and relevant research in digital health professions education.

METHODS

We searched for systematic reviews on the digital education of practicing and student health care professionals. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Educational Research Information Center, CINAHL, and gray literature sources from January 2014 to July 2020. A total of 2 authors independently screened the studies, extracted the data, and synthesized the findings. We outlined the key characteristics of the included reviews, the quality of the evidence they synthesized, and recommendations for future research. We mapped the empirical findings and research recommendations against the newly developed conceptual framework.

RESULTS

We identified 77 eligible systematic reviews. All of them included experimental studies and evaluated the effectiveness of digital education interventions in different health care disciplines or different digital education modalities. Most reviews included studies on various digital education modalities (22/77, 29%), virtual reality (19/77, 25%), and online education (10/77, 13%). Most reviews focused on health professions education in general (36/77, 47%), surgery (13/77, 17%), and nursing (11/77, 14%). The reviews mainly assessed participants’ skills (51/77, 66%) and knowledge (49/77, 64%) and included data from high-income countries (53/77, 69%). Our novel conceptual framework of digital health professions education comprises 6 key domains (context, infrastructure, education, learners, research, and quality improvement) and 16 subdomains. Finally, we identified 61 unique questions for future research in these reviews; these mapped to framework domains of education (29/61, 47% recommendations), context (17/61, 28% recommendations), infrastructure (9/61, 15% recommendations), learners (3/61, 5% recommendations), and research (3/61, 5% recommendations).

CONCLUSIONS

We identified a large number of research questions regarding digital education, which collectively reflect a diverse and comprehensive research agenda. Our conceptual framework will help educators and researchers plan, develop, and study digital education. More evidence from low- and middle-income countries is needed.
Synchronous teleconsultation and monitoring service targeting COVID-19: leveraging insights for post-pandemic healthcare (Preprint)
Authors: Marcolino Milena Soriano , Diniz Clara Sousa , Chagas Bruno Azevedo , Mendes Mayara Santos , Prates Raquel Oliveira , Pagano Adriana S. , Alkmim Maria Beatriz Moreira , Oliveira Clara Rodrigues Alves , Borges Isabela Nascimento , Raposo Magda César , Reis Zilma Silveira Nogueira , Paixão Maria Cristina , Ribeiro Leonardo Bonisson , Rocha Gustavo Machado , Cardoso Clareci Silva , Ribeiro Antonio Luiz Pinho
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Although a great number of teleconsultation services have been developed during COVID-19 pandemic, studies assessing usability and healthcare provider satisfaction are still incipient.

OBJECTIVE

To describe the development, implementation and expansion of a synchronous teleconsultation service targeting patients with symptoms of COVID-19 in Brazil, as well as to assess its usability and healthcare professionals’ satisfaction.

METHODS

This mixed-methods study was developed in five phases: (i) identification of components, technical and functional requirements and system architecture; (ii) system and user interface development and validation; (iii) pilot testing in the city of Divinópolis; (iv) expansion in the cities of Divinópolis, Teófilo Otoni and Belo Horizonte for Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais faculty and students; (v) usability and satisfaction assessment, using Likert scale and open-ended questions.

RESULTS

During pilot development, problems to contact users were solved by introducing standardized text messages (SMS) sent to them to obtain their feedback and keep track of them. Until July 31, 2021, the expanded system achieved 11,580 patients in 102,687 teleconsultations. Teleconsultations were initiated through chatbot in 15.8% of teleconsultations. Teleconsultation efficiency per city was 93.8% in Teófilo Otoni, 92.1% in Divinopolis, and 98.2% in Belo Horizonte (university campus), avoiding in-person assistance for the great majority of patients. 60 healthcare professionals assessed the system's usability as satisfactory, despite a few system instability problems.

CONCLUSIONS

The system provided updated information about COVID-19 and enabled remote care for thousands of patients, which evidenced the critical role of telemedicine in expanding emergency services capacity during the pandemic. The dynamic nature of the current pandemic required fast planning, implementation, development and updates in the system. Usability and satisfaction assessment was key to identifying areas for improvement. The experience reported here is expected to inform telemedicine strategies to be implemented in a post-pandemic scenario.
INTRANASAL DELIVERY IN MANAGING ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN ‘BRAIN INFECTIONS’
Authors: SHEHU IBRAHIM AMINU , SHEHU USMAN MUSA , DATTA APARNA
Published: March 2022

According to World Health Organization, WHO, antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest threats to global health, food security and development today. The means of delivering antibiotics to treat several brain infections, especially meningitis and encephalitis, have been inherently difficult, due to the presence of highly protective physiological barriers, mainly the blood-brain barrier (BBB), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that impairs the efficacy and bioavailability of antibiotics from reaching the susceptive organism. Many attempts have been made to optimize the therapeutic prognosis of such infections through the parenteral and intrathecal route of administration. These alternative routes have incited inadequate efficacy along with associated adverse effects. However, scientists have now considered the intranasal route (non-invasive) as a breakthrough to such inherent challenges. Moreover, several in vivo and ex vivo studies suggested evidence of the effectiveness of nose-to-brain delivery in treating bacterial and viral infections, thereby limiting the chance of antibiotic resistance. Targeting the multidrug resistance gram-positive and negative bacterias, a study was reported using nanoemulsion of Syzygiumaromaticum and Thymus vulgaris essential oils via the intranasal route. The result indicated the maximum inhibition of multi-drug resistance bacterias upon intranasal administration. Therefore, this study focuses to highlight the potential of intranasal delivery in the optimization of CNS infections and the prevention of antibiotic resistance.
FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LOSARTAN LOADED SELF EMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Authors: JATT KARNITA SINGH , KHARE BASANT , JAIN PRATEEK KUMAR , JAIN HARSHITA , DUBEY NAINA
Published: March 2022

Objective: The object of the present work was the advancement and portrayal of losartan stacked self-emulsifying drug conveyance framework for the successful administration of hypolipidemia (RSEDDS) for further developing bioavailability, to upgrade dissolvability, delays home time, give an adequate measure of medication to an objective site and supported the arrival of medication. Methods: Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System was ready by the basic emulsification method. Six clumps, for example, F1 to F6 were ready by shifting the convergence of oils, surfactant, co-surfactant, and co-dissolvable and assessed for the different boundaries, for example, Optical microscopy, Assessment of self emulsification, Emulsification time, Droplet size investigation, Zeta Potential Measurement, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Viscosity Determination, Drug content, Percentage conveyance, in vitro disintegration study and solidness study. The SEDDS was upgraded and group F5 was additionally utilized. Results: The medication content of chosen clump F5 was viewed as 97.65±1.37 %; it proposes that the technique for exemplification was powerful. As per in vitro study, around 55.13 % of the medication was delivered after 120 min which showed supported arrival of medication and there were no critical changes seen in the actual appearance, drug content, and in vitro drug release during the stability study. Conclusion: This research presumed that the SEDDS are an expected competitor as a supported delivery drug conveyance, effectively expanding bioavailability and designated conveyance of medication.
25 open questions about vector bundles and their moduli
Authors: Ballico Edoardo , Gasparim Elizabeth , Rubilar Francisco
Published: March 2022

We present 25 open questions about moduli spaces of vector bundles and related topics, and discuss some longstanding conjectures. We hope to inspire young researchers to engage in this area of re- search.
Laurent polynomials in Mirror Symmetry: why and how?
Authors: Kasprzyk Alexander , Przyjalkowski Victor
Published: March 2022

We survey the approach to mirror symmetry via Laurent polynomials, outlining some of the main conjectures, problems, and questions related to the subject. We discuss: how to construct Landau–Ginzburg models for Fano varieties; how to apply them to classification problems; and how to compute invariants of Fano varieties via Landau–Ginzburg models.
El laboratorio químico municipal de Antofagasta. Higiene alimentaria y gobierno local en el norte salitrero. Chile, 1894-1906
Authors: Correa Gómez María José , Chávez Zúñiga Pablo
Published: March 2022

This article studies the Antofagasta Municipal Chemical Laboratory in northern Chile in the late nineteenth century. Throughout the documents of the Municipal Archive, local press and Journals of Hygiene, it analyzes the main features of this new politic and its contribution to food hygiene, in a region recently incorporated to the country. The study suggests that the early creation of the laboratory, which answered critical needs of the nitrate area, gave to this institution special features, and also integrates with more general processes of food control in a national level. In this context the laboratory worked as an emergent agency who established food hygiene and safety standards, as well as a specific hygiene policies and practices.
Aproximación arqueométrica a la presencia de ocres en cementerios del área de Calama durante el Período Formativo Medio (500 AC-100 DC), norte de Chile
Authors: Ogalde Herrera Juan Pablo , Viñales Freddy , Ogalde Claudia , Lara Nelson , Arriazza Bernardo , Paipa Carolina , Leyton Patricio , Campos-Lavallette Marcelo
Published: March 2022

The ancient funeral rites of the Calama area, northern Chile, involved the use of pigments deposited in Concholepas concholepas shell. We report the analysis by Raman and Infrared spectroscopy in four red pigments: two funeral contexts of the Topater-1 cemetery, a sample from the San Salvador sector and another control pigment. In all cases, the identified red chromophore is hematite, accompanied by different types of clay and varying amounts of organic matter. The results obtained suggest diverse origins and / or technical manipulation. The contrast with the documentary evidence of this area, and others nearby, shows that these funeral practices reflect the relationship of the individual and his landscape, through elements exogenous as the sea. Thus, this reflection allows preliminary evaluation of the role of colors as material culture and technological system, deepening the semantic scope of related practices.
Paleoambiente, conjuntos líticos y uso del espacio durante la transición Pleistoceno-Holoceno en la circumpuna de Atacama
Authors: Núñez Lautaro , Loyola Rodrigo , Aschero Carlos , Cartajena Isabel
Published: March 2022

Se discuten las estrategias adaptativas de los humanos que poblaron las tierras altas del sureste del desierto de Atacama en el centro-sur andino (21-24,5°S), del norte de Chile, durante la transición Pleistoceno-Holoceno (12,600-10,200 cal. AP). Se comparan los paleoambientes, conjuntos líticos, óseos y uso del espacio desde los sitios TUI-1 y 5, correspondientes a dos abrigos bajo roca, emplazados en la serranía precordillerana de Tuina y los campamentos a cielo abierto SPN-1 y 6, en el borde oriental del salar de Punta Negra. Se proponen relaciones comparativas y se hipotetiza que los asentamientos del patrón Tuina generaron los primeros pulsos colonizadores durante la transición a fines del Pleistoceno en los ambientes circumpuneños, a través de una creciente movilidad interpiso y especialización en el manejo de los ambientes andinos en ambas vertientes de la puna. En cambio, las ocupaciones involucradas con las puntas del patrón Fell, constatadas hasta ahora en las cuencas de Punta Negra e Imilac, se corresponderían con exploraciones que habrían optado por el corredor Costa-Andes hasta alcanzar los espacios fértiles aislados del desierto de altura y alcanzar posiblemente los recursos continuos del Valle Longitudinal del centro del país.
Caciques y funcionarios de indios en la misión de San Pablo de Río Bueno (1777-1820)
Authors: Leal Y. Carlos , Urbina Araya Simón Andrés , Adán A. Leonor
Published: March 2022

Beginning with From the analysis of the baptism and marriage records of Indians from the San Pablo of Río Bueno mission, the social relations contracted by Indian chiefs and officials are studied. The hegemony achieved by Indian officials in establishing social and political ties with the indigenous people of the Llanos de Río Bueno and the integration of several caciques from the jurisdiction of Valdivia and Osorno cities into the colonial order is highlighted. All this in a context of expansion and settlement of colonial power, where, although the construction of agreements with the indigenous authorities prevailed, it was war that consolidated in 1792 and 1793 almost half a century of Hispanic expansion on the Forntera de Arriba or “upper borderland” of the Kingdom of Chile.
Two Way Authentication System for Exam Paper Leakage Detection: A Review
Authors: Damle Abhinav , Gireesh Bhumika , T G Chirag , Iyyanna Siddhant S , B Mr. Santhosh
Published: March 2022

Abstract: The idea behind this project is to guard the leak of question papers before the examination and conjointly to maintain the protection of the solution paper till they reach the centre for analysis. An Electronic management Box is made during which the communication papers are going to be placed, and may be opened solely at the precise time of examination once the cross checking of the time. If anyone attempts to open the box before the stipulated time, then a beep sound can come from the buzzer, that is connected to the electronic box. RFID is connected to the electronic management box, that acts as a primary level of authentication. Keywords: RFID, Exam paper, Electronic Control box, GSM module, buzzer
A Review on Prostate Cancer Detection using CNN
Authors: Koonamparampath Merlyn , Shah Raj , Sundvesha Mahipal , Ugale Meena
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Prostate cancer is the second biggest cause of mortality in men, according to statistics. It's said to be a slow-growing malignancy that doesn't exhibit symptoms until it’s advanced. Over the last few years, numerous studies on AI algorithms processing various medical imaging such as CT, MRI, and Ultrasound have been conducted. Using AI to manage prostate cancer would have a significant influence on healthcare. With almost 1.3 million new cases identified each year around the world, cancer experts would have a better grasp of the disease and be able to generate more accurate cancer detection forecasts. We give a review of the usage of CNN applied to several automatic processing tasks of prostate cancer detection and diagnosis, to provide an overview of the progress in this field, based on the increased interest of CNN in recent years. We've noticed that the use of CNN has skyrocketed, with outstanding results obtained either with fresh models or employing pre-trained networks for transfer learning. According to the results of the survey, deep learning-based research outperforms traditional patient prognosis techniques in terms of accuracy. Keywords: Convolutional Neural Network, Deep Learning, Prostate Cancer Detection, Artificial Intelligence, Survey.
Legal protection for copyright holders of commercialized remix song cover version
Authors: Gorda AAA. Ngurah Sri Rahayu , Artami Ida Ayu Ketut , Antari Putu Eva Ditayani , Sudharma Kadek Januarsa Adi , Vaisile Moisa Robert
Published: March 2022

Copyright is legal and registered work. a copyright holder has two exclusive rights: economic and moral rights. A song or music copyright is one of the copyrights in the realm of art. However, there have been several copyright infringements in the music industry recently, and the cover version of a song is one of many. Many performers cover songs without the consent of original composers. They also sell and buy the music, which has obviously taken away the creator's economic and moral rights. As a result, legal protection for composers is required to prevent future instances of copyright infringements of music. The objective of this study is to determine the legal protection afforded to copyright holders of the commercialized version of a cover song, as well as the purposeful conclusion of the case involving the marketed version of the covered song. This research employed a normative approach based on literature. This study's technical analysis employed descriptive - qualitative methods. Two types of legal protection for songwriters constitute preventative and repressive protection, where the former is achieved by registering works held by the Directorate General of Intellectual Property Rights and undertaking public awareness campaigns emphasizing the significance of copyright recognition. Meanwhile, repressive protection is sought by filing a civil complaint, and criminal charges to the District Court. There are two options to resolve copyright issues over songs: in court or outside court, where the litigation process involves filing a case to the district court, and the non-litigation process may require negotiation.
Memoria emocional y efecto de la música en el recuerdo de adultos mayores
Authors: Moltrasio Julieta , Detlefsen Verónica , Dominguez Florencia , Rubinstein Wanda
Published: March 2022

Los adultos mayores recuerdan mejor los estímulos emocionales que los neutros, e incluso más los estímulos positivos. Diversos estudios utilizaron música para modular recuerdos emocionales y neutros en adultos jóvenes, en la etapa de consolidación. Esto fue poco estudiado en adultos mayores utilizando estímulos negativos, positivos y neutros. El objetivo del presente trabajo es estudiar la memoria emocional en adultos mayores y el efecto de la música activante y relajante sobre la memoria visual emocional y neutra. Se evaluaron cuarenta y cuatro adultos mayores. Observaron imágenes negativas, positivas y neutras. Luego se les aplicó un tratamiento musical relajante, activante o ruido blanco, seguido de una tarea de recuerdo libre y reconocimiento. Una semana después se repitieron las tareas de recuerdo libre y reconocimiento. Los resultados indicaron mejor recuerdo libre de estímulos emocionales, y mayor cantidad de falsos positivos emocionales. La música relajante empeoró el reconocimiento diferido, y el ruido blanco produjo mejor recuerdo inmediato de imágenes positivas. Los resultados indican que la memoria emocional está conservada en adultos mayores. La música modula los recuerdos de un modo diferente en adultos mayores en comparación con jóvenes, ya que solo la música relajante produjo el efecto esperado.
NEUROENDOCRINE BREAST TUMOUR: A CHALLENGING ENTITY
Authors:   Hospital Clínico Universitario Valencia, Palomares Casasús Sara , Rolando Adrianzén Marcos ,   Hospital Clínico Universitario Valencia, Spa Maria Luisa ,   Hospital Clínico Universitario Valencia, Burgués Octavio ,   Hospital Clínico Universitario Valencia, Cejalvo Juan Miguel ,   Hospital Clínico Universitario Valencia, Buch Elvira ,   Hospital Clínico Universitario Valencia, Bellver Lobato Gemma ,   Hospital Clínico Universitario Valencia
Published: March 2022

NEUROENDOCRINE BREAST TUMOUR: A CHALLENGING ENTITY TUMOR NEUROENDOCRINO DE MAMA: UNA ENTIDAD DESAFIANTE Neuroendocrine breast carcinoma is a rare type of breast cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation which is found in around 2-5% of all invasive breast carcinomas. In most cases it is a challenge to get to the right diagnosis due to the sporadic number of cases and the need for special immunochemistry techniques, which are not routinely used. Due to the rare number of cases, it is difficult to update guidelines so that the correct diagnosis and treatment is decided. Our purpose is to present a clinical case in order to emphasize the importance of having this diagnosis in mind when breast cancer is found.
SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOPERITONEUM AND FECALOID PERITONITIS SECONDARY TO PERFORATION OF MECKEL'S DIVERTICULUM
Authors:   Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Ferrer-Inaebnit Ester , Fernandez-Vega Laura ,   Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Garcia-Granero Garcia-Fuster Alvaro ,   Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Alfonso-Garcia Maria ,   Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Gonzalez-Argente Xavier ,   Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital Universitario Son Espases
Published: March 2022

PNEUMOPERITONEUM AND FECALOID PERITONITIS SECONDARY TO MECKEL’S DIVERTICAL PERFORATION NEUMOPERITONEO Y PERITONITIS FECALOIDEA SECUNDARIO A PERFORACIÓN DE DIVERTICULO DE MECKEL A 20-year-old man presents abdominal pain and diffuse peritoneal irritation. The computed tomography reported pneumoperitoneum and peritonitis secondary to hollow viscus perforation. An urgent intervention was performed, showing Meckel's diverticulum with a perforation on its vertex. It was decided the resection of the ileum including the diverticulum, finishing with a manual end-to-end anastomosis. Meckel's diverticulum is caused by the failure of the involution of the omphalomestheric duct. In 4-6% of cases it can cause complications. The preoperative diagnosis is difficult because the radiological and clinical findings can resemble other acute abdominal disorders.
Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Macagno Fabrizio , Toniolo Alice
Published: March 2022

Douglas Walton’s work is extremely vast, multifaceted, and interdisciplinary. He developed theoretical proposals that have been used in disciplines that are not traditionally related to philosophy, such as law, education, discourse analysis, artificial intelligence, or medical communication. Through his papers and books, Walton redefined the boundaries not only of argumentation theory, but also logic and philosophy. He was a philosopher in the sense that his interest was developing theoretical models that can help explain reality, and more importantly interact with it. For this reason, he proposed methods that have been used for analyzing different types of dialogical interactions, and modeling procedures for regulating them.
Douglas Walton’s Contributions in Education
Authors: Rapanta Chrysi
Published: March 2022

Douglas Walton, perhaps the most prolific author in Argumentation theory, has been of a great influence in the fields of Informal logic, Artificial intelligence, and Law. His contributions in the field of educational research, in particular in the field of argumentation and education, are less known. This review paper aims at shedding light on those aspects of Walton’s theory that have received educational researchers’ attention thus far, as well identifying existing lacks of consideration and open paths for future research.
Investigating postglacial motion of Fennoscandia from GNSS data
Authors: Melnik G.E. , Steblov G.M. , Galaganov O.N. , Krupennikova I.S. , Mokrova A.N. , Rozenberg N.K. , Perederin F.V. , Perederin V.P.
Published: March 2022

Based on the data from GNSS sites located in Fennoscandia, for the period from the mid-1990s to the present, an analysis of the region’s geodynamics was carried out. For the first time, an extended data set was used, including field observations of the Satellite Methods Laboratory for Studying Geophysical Processes of IPE RAS and sites of the fundamental astronomical geodetic network. It enabled expanding the area of post-glacial rebound modeling in the eastern part of Fennoscandia. As in many previous studies, a vertical velocity field was obtained with a maximum uplift rate of 10 mm/year, located in the northern part of the Gulf of Bothnia. In addition, for the eastern regions of Fennoscandia, a lane of compression deformations of the earth’s surface was revealed. The highlighted lane marks the transition zone from the vaulted uplift area to the East European platform.
Problems in solving ill-conditioned normal equations
Authors: Gerasimenko M.D.
Published: March 2022

It is shown that an increase in the number of significant digits in calculations does not always lead to an increase in the accuracy of the final calculations, and it is impossible to judge in advance the required number of significant digits in calculations. It is necessary to distinguish between the conditionality of the task and that of its solution method, since solving of a well-posed task can be spoiled by an incorrectly chosen algorithm. A crucial role in overcoming this problem is played by the applied computational. Reliably obtaining the inverse or pseudo-inverse matrix of a given accuracy does not also guarantee the same accuracy of obtaining the necessary unknowns. The inversion or pseudo-inversion of a ill-conditioned matrix can lead to an unexpected, absurd result. The solution of this matter is very important, for example, at determining the parameters of an earthquake source in real time, as well as adjusting the planned networks with measured bases and azimuths as input data, which are given high measurement weights.
Distrust in the heartland: explaining the Eurasian “Organization Gap” through the Russo-Chinese relations
Authors: Bezerra Valdir da Silva , Mandelbaum Henoch Gabriel
Published: March 2022

The concept of Eurasia is one of the most important elements of geopolitics, dating back to the beginning of the last century, and whose development owes much to the works of geographers and political thinkers alike. Nevertheless, although comprising a big portion of the planet’s political space, this region suffers from a relative ‘organizational gap’, especially if compared with neighboring regions such as Western Europe and Southeast Asia for instance. This paper contends that the lack of an overarching political arrangement in Eurasia owes much to particular aspects of the Russia-China relationship, which encompasses Great Power aspirations and competing organizational schemesin the region. Different views about Eurasia itself, associated with a quest for leadership in regional institution-building, put both Russia and China on competitive tracks, essentially obstructing the formation of a broad political design in the broader continent. To substantiate our point, the present work applies certain concepts from historical institutionalism, whose mechanisms enabled a thorough evaluation of patterns of inception, continuation, and change of political institutions, alliances and principles affecting the Sino-Russian relationship over time, as well as its effects on Eurasia’s ‘organizational gap’ per se.
A perspectiva de gênero em Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação no Sul Global: uma análise da FAPESP
Authors: Ferreira Gabriela Gomes Coelho , Onuki Janina
Published: March 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir a questão de gênero na FAPESP por intermédio de dois indicadores: os cargos de tomada de decisão e os acordos internacionais assinados com a União Europeia, e seus países membros e associados. A análise faz uso de fontes primárias: a partir dos dados oficiais da Fundação, utiliza estatística descritiva para verificar a porcentagem de mulheres em cargos de tomada de decisão por áreas do conhecimento, quando possível; assim como analisa acordos internacionais para verificar a menção à igualdade de gênero em seus textos. Apenas 8% do Conselho Superior, em uma perspectiva histórica, foi composto por mulheres. Além disso, apenas 2% dos acordos analisados citavam a igualdade de gênero. Na FAPESP, apesar de ser possível observar um aumento histórico da participação das mulheres, o resultado da análise mostra que ainda há muito o que avançar quanto à assimetria nas carreiras científicas, assim como em níveis hierárquicos mais altos relacionados à política científica.  Neste cenário, a criação de políticas científicas e tecnológicas com a finalidade de desenvolver incentivos para a igualdade de gênero é essencial.
PENGUNDURAN AWAL WAKTU SALAT ASAR BERJAMAAH DALAM PERSPEKTIF FIQH MAWAQIT AS-SALAT DAN ILMU FALAK
Authors: Sari Salju Puspita
Published: March 2022

Waktu sholat merupakan salah satu pembahasan yang sangat penting dalam syariat Islam, karena waktu sholat termasuk dalam rukun sholat. Pembahasan dalam penelitian ini adalah tentang waktu shalat di Desa Sumberejo khususnya terdapat penundaan awal waktu shalat Ashar berjamaah. Kebiasaan ini berdampak pada pemahaman masyarakat sekitar, khususnya generasi muda. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana kedudukan waktu Ashar khususnya shalat Ashar berjamaah di Desa Sumberejo ditinjau dari Fiqh Mawa>qi>t As}-S}alat dan Ilmu Falak. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, studi lapangan dan juga studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman masyarakat terbagi menjadi dua pemahaman, yaitu pemahaman yang sudah mengetahui mengapa azan ditunda dan pemahaman tentang tanda-tanda waktu salat. Dari Fiqh Mawa>qi>t As}-S}alat, waktu shalat Ashar berjamaah termasuk dalam kategori waktu ikhtiya>r dan juga termasuk dalam waktu Jawa>z. Dan di desa ini rata-rata mengalami kemunduran sebesar 1Â° 25â€™ 25,71â€.