bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE RELATIONSHIPBETWEEN CEO COMPENSATION AND COMPANY PERFORMANCES
Authors: Segaf Segaf
Published: January 2016

Akhir-akhir ini gaji CEO (Chief Executive Officers) telah menyita perhatian investor, masyarakat, bahkan media terkait dengan kinerja perusahaan. Artikel ini mengkaji dan menganalisa keterkaitan antara gaji CEO dengan kinerja perusahaan. Walaupun pertanyaan ini telah dikaji oleh peneliti terdahulu namun kebanyakan dilakukan di negara maju seperti Amerika dan Inggris. Pengumpulan data melalui laporan keuangan tahunan, program Data Stream Thompson dan Laporan Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham. Tiga puluh perusahaan digunakan sebagai sample dari lebih 500 perusahaan terdaftar di KLSE (Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange). Pengambilan sample menggunakan metode simple random sampling dengan tujuan untuk memberikan kesempatan yang sama pada penelitian ini. Pada penelitian ini pengukuran kinerja perusahaan melalui ROE (Return on Equity), ROA (Return on Asset), EPS (Earning per Share) dan NPM (Net Profit Margin) selama enam tahun (2003-2008) berdasar perhitungan tahunan. Kemudian data dianalisa melalui analisis deskriptif dan analisa regresi Anova. Hasil penelitian ini bahwa gaji tertinggi perusahaan oleh Genting Berhad, selama tahun 2008 merupakan tahun terbaik berinvestasi bagi tipe investor penghindar resiko, selama tahun 2003-2007 terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara gaji CEO dan kinerja perusahaan sedangkan pada tahun 2008 tidak terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara gaji CEO dan kinerja perusahaan.

 
PENGUKURAN KINERJA DENGAN PRINSIP VALUE FOR MONEY PEMERINTAH KOTA BATU
Authors: Andriani Sri
Published: January 2016

This research is to measure the service has been conducted by the government of Batu City using two data analysis, are monetary performance ratio and value for money. The performance of Batu government measured using value for money classified into three those are: economy, efficienty, and effectiveness. The performance of Batu government in economy based on how to realize the fund, the performance of Batu government in efficienty based on the reality of credit (the  outcome) of fund is higher than the debet (income) and based on the effectiveness because realization of revenue greater than budget revenue. The performance of Batu government measured using monetary performance ratio classified into five: effetiveness, efficiency, independence, activity and Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR). The performance of Batu government is less effective in realizing the income, however the goverment is efficient enough,  thought it has been inreasing in 2009. Batu government has been independence, because it could decrease and keep in depending toward external side (exspecially toward central and province government), Batu government measured using activity ratio, most of the fund is given  to local apparatus needs, so the expense of public service toward local expense fund is relatively small, and based on DSCR Batu government is good.

 

 
MEMBANGUN KEBENARAN TENTATIF DALAM DISIPLIN AKUNTANSI (TAFSIR DAN KRITIK ATAS KUASA RELATIVITAS KEBENARAN)
Authors: Sulistiyo Agung Budi
Published: January 2016

This paper attempts to explain that there is the power of relativity of truth in developing the “current” knowledge, no exception in accounting discipline. The context of “current” cannot be separated from the element of time and space where we interact in it. The result of social interaction and the capture of phenomenas is what underlies this paper.  The concept of the relativity of thruth to be an axiom that should not be interfered with so that when anyone whom disputed it will be considered intorelant, selfish and small-minded. If we explore this concept in depth, actually the concept will bring us to the paradoxical attitude (double-standard of attitude) and ambivalent (double-standard of truth) in every process of our thought.
DECISION USEFULNESS: DALAM PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN DAN INVESTASI
Authors: Fahrudin A Ahmad
Published: January 2016

This paper discusses the financial report based on historical prices. Using historical price makes it useful even today emerged another method. To quickly understand this concept, we need to consider other theories of the economics and finance. As an accountant, you can not begin to make financial statements more useful to us to know what is meant by usefulness. We also need a proper description of the information. Decision theory and the theory of investment helps in understanding the concepts of financial reporting information.

 
ANALISIS PENGARUH FAKTOR FUNDAMENTAL PERUSAHAAN DAN RISIKO SISTEMATIS TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM
Authors: Arina Absari Dyatri Utami , Sudarma Made , Chandrarin Grahita
Published: January 2016

This research aim to know influance of fundamental factors as financial ratio with proxy liquidity, asset size, debt equity ratio (DER), return on equity (ROE), earnings per share (EPS), price earnings ratio (PER) and systematic risk to the rate of return in Indonesian Stock Exchange. Manufacturing company as sample the taken amount to 54 emiten the listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange with period of research between of 2008 up to year of 2011. Analysis method the used is multiple linear regression. Analysis results indicate that from some element fundamental factor be like  liquidity, asset size, debt equity ratio (DER), return on equity (ROE), earnings per share (EPS), price earnings ratio (PER) and systematic risk simultanly there are the influence significant to the profitability represented by rate of return. Partially show only earnings per share (EPS) and systematic risk with explained by variation the expressed in adjusted R2 equal to 7,8 % is while the rest equal to 92,2 % influenced by other variable which is not explained by this research model. Where as other variable not influence with models is liquidity, asset size, debt equity ratio (DER), return on equity (ROE) and price earnings ratio (PER). Research result pursuant to hypothesis test indicate that between some element fundamental factors is most dominant influence the rate of return at the manufacturing company of listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange is systematic risk.

 
VARIABEL-VARIABEL PENENTU HOLDING PERIODS SAHAM SYARI’AH DI INDONESIA
Authors: Fitriyah Fitriyah , Rahayu Yayuk Sri
Published: January 2016

This research was aimed to determine whether the variables bid-ask spread, market value, variance return and dividend payout influence holding period partially and simultaneously and to determine the variables that most influence the holding period of shares of sharia in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population in this research are the companies listed in the Jakarta Islamic Index over the period 2007 to 2010. Sampling using a purposive sampling technique and number of sample are 10 companies.. The result shows, the variable spreads, market value, variance return, dividend payout ratio simultaneously influence the holding period. While partially, there are two variables that significantly influence the holding period that is spread and dividend payout ratio with a significant negative relationship and the spread has a significant positive relationship to the holding period at α 5%. And the most influential variable is spread. The final conclusions are on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, investors alleged psychological factor is the factor most be taken into consideration in decisions about withholding or release of a common stock.   Keyword: Holding periods, bid ask spread, market value, and variance return   Abstraksi Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah variabel bid-ask spread, market value, varians return dan dividen pay out ratio mempengaruhi holding periods secara parsial dan simultan dan untuk mengetahui variabel yang paling mempengaruhi holding period saham syariah di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan yang terdaftar di Jakarta Islamic Index selama periode 2007 sampai 2010. Sampling sebanyak 10 perusahaan ditentukan dengan  teknik purposive sampling. Hasil analisis  menunjukkan variabel bid-ask spread, market value, varians return dan dividen pay out ratio secara simultan mempengaruhi holding periods. Sedangkan secara parsial, ada dua variabel yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap holding period yaitu dividen pay out ratio yang signifikan negatif dan bid-ask spread  signifikan terhadap holding period pada α 5%. Dan variabel yang paling berpengaruh adalah bid-ask spread . Kesimpulan terakhir adalah di Bursa Efek Indonesia, diduga faktor psikologis investor merupakan faktor yang paling dipertimbangkan dalam keputusan tentang pemotongan atau pelepasan saham biasa.   Kata Kunci: Holding periods, bid ask spread, market value, dan variance return
PENGARUH MEKANISME CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, KINERJA LINGKUNGAN DAN PENGUNGKAPAN LINGKUNGAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP REAKSI PASAR
Authors: Mukti Bayu Tri Prasetio
Published: January 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze the market reaction as indicated by rising the stock price as a result of the implementation corporate governance mechanisms, environmental performance and corporate environmental disclosure published on the annual report in 2010. This study uses hypothesis testing approach to explain the causal relationship between the variables of the study. The population in this study is a registered company in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The results show that the application of corporate governance mechanism through the principles of good corporate governance has a significant effect on the market reaction that is proxied by stock prices. The tests performed on the environment performance and environment disclosure which is proxied by the Rating of Company Performance in Environmental Management (PROPER) and the Indonesian Sustainability Reporting Award (ISRA) found that there is no significant effect on the market reaction that is proxied by stock prices. Keywords: Corporate Governance, Environmental Performance, Environmental Disclosure, and Stock Price.   ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis reaksi pasar yang ditunjukkan dengan meningkatnya harga saham sebagai akibat dari penerapan mekanisme corporate governance, publikasi pemeringkatan kinerja lingkungan dan publikasi pemeringkatan pengungkapan lingkungan perusahaan pada saat publikasi laporan tahunan tahun 2010. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan hypotesis testing untuk menjelaskan hubungan kausal antara variabel-variabel penelitian. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan mekanisme corporate governance melalui prinsip-prinsip good corporate governance memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap reaksi pasar yang diproksikan dengan harga saham. Pengujian yang dilakukan terhadap aspek lingkungan sosial perusahaan yaitu kinerja lingkungan dan pengungkapan lingkungan perusahaan yang masing-masing diproksikan oleh Peringkat Kinerja Perusahaan Dalam Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup (PROPER) dan Indonesian Sustainability Reporting Award (ISRA) belum mampu menunjukkan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap reaksi pasar yang diproksikan dengan harga saham. Kata Kunci: Corporate Governance, Kinerja Lingkungan, Pengungkapan Lingkungan, dan Harga Saham
PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP PENGUNGKAPAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Wakid Nadiah Lutfi , Triyuwono Iwan , Assih Prihat
Published: January 2016

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is the liability of an organization that not only provide goods and services that are good for society, but also maintain the quality of the social environment and physical, and also give contribute to community welfare which they are life. The disclosure of corporate social responsibility become a liability for the company in the form PT by UU Perseroan No. 40 Year 2007 about Perseroan Terbatas, Bab V, Pasal 74.  The aim of this research is to test and find the effect of size company, profitability, profile company, size board of commissioners, and leverage financial toward to disclosure of corporate social responsibility on manufacturing companies. Population of this research is manufacturing comoanies year 2008-2011. This research used judgement sampling techniques and obtained sample of 30 companies. Analysis tool used multiple regression analysis and measurement for disclosure of CSR used GRI indicators. The results show that leverage financial influence on the disclosure of corporate social responsibility. In contrast, size company, profitability, profile company, and size board of commissioners has not influence toward to disclosure of corporate social responsibility.   Keywords :  size company, profitability, profile company, size board of commissioners, leverage financial, Corporate Social Responsibility   ABSTRAK Tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan (CSR) merupakan kewajiban organisasi yang tidak hanya menyediakan barang dan jasa yang baik bagi masyarakat, tetapi juga mempertahankan kualitas lingkungan sosial maupun fisik, dan juga memberikan kontribusi terhadap kesejahteraan komunitas tempat mereka berada. Pengungkapan tanggung jawab sosial menjadi suatu kewajiban bagi perusahaan berbentuk PT berdasarkan UU Perseroan No.40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas, Bab V, Pasal 74. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk menguji dan membuktikan pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, profitabilitas, profil perusahaan, ukuran dewan komisaris, dan leverage keuangan terhadap pengungkapan tanggung jawab sosial pada perusahaan manufaktur. Populasi penelitian adalah perusahaan manufaktur tahun 2008-2011. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik judgement sampling dan diperoleh sampel sebanyak 30 perusahaan. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berganda dan pengukuran pengungkapan CSR menggunakan indikator GRI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa leverage keuangan berpengaruh terhadap pengungkapan tanggung jawab sosial. Sementara ukuran perusahaan, profitabilitas, profil perusahaan, dan ukuran dewan komisaris tidak terbukti berpengaruh terhadap pengungkapan tanggung jawab sosial   Kata Kunci : ukuran perusahaan, profitabilitas, profil perusahaan, ukuran dewan komisaris, leverage keuangan, Corporate Social Responsibility
FAKTOR INDIVIDU DAN FAKTOR SITUASIONAL : DETERMINAN PEMBUATAN KEPUTUSAN ETIS KONSULTAN PAJAK
Authors: Adriana Padma , Rosidi Rosidi , Baridwan Zaki
Published: January 2016

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the determinant of tax practitioners ethical decision making behaviour. The factors that were examined in this study were individual factors; PRESOR, Machiavellian, and situational factors; risk preference, importance of tax to practice, exposure to current tax practice, closeness of client relationship.

This study used survey method in gathering the data. Population of this study were tax practitioners joined in IKPI (Ikatan Konsultan Pajak Indonesia) in Jawa Timur, Indonesia. A total of 38 samples were processed using Logistic Regression. The model of this study explained 45% determinants of tax practitioners ethical decision making.

The results of this study showed that PRESOR and Machiavellian as individual factors affects tax practitioners ethical decision making. Situational factors in this study, which were risk preference, importance of tax to practice, exposure to current tax practice, closeness of client relationship was proven not to have a significant effect to ethical decision making.

Keywords:  Ethical Decision Making, Individual Factors, PRESOR, Machiavellian, Situational Factors.

 

Abstrak

Studi ini bertujuan untuk menguji determinan pengambilan keputusan etis konsultan pajak. Faktor-faktor yang diteliti pada studi ini adalah faktor individu, yaitu PRESOR dan Machiavellian, dan faktor situasional, yaitu preferensi risiko, dominasi profesional, kekinian informasi, dan hubungan profesional.

Studi ini menggunakan metode survei dalam pengambilan data. Populasi yang digunakan adalah konsultan pajak yang terdaftar di Ikatan Konsultan Pajak Indonesia (IKPI) Jawa Timur. Sebanyak 38 sampel yang dapat diolah dengan menggunakan regresi logistik dan hasilnya adalah model studi dapat menjelaskan 45% determinan pengambilan keputusan etis konsultan pajak.

Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor individu yaitu PRESOR dan Machiavellian memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap pengambilan keputusan etis konsultan pajak, sedangkan faktor situasional yaitu preferensi risiko, dominasi profesional, kekinian informasi, dan hubungan profesional tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pengambilan keputusan etis.

 

Kata kunci: Pengambilan Keputusan Etis, Faktor Individu, PRESOR, Machiavellian, Faktor Situasional.
SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN STANDAR PELAYANAN MINIMUM BADAN LAYANAN UMUM DAERAH DI LINGKUNGAN DINAS KOPERASI DAN UMKM PEMERINTAH PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Lestari Yona Octiani
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Indonesian government has committed to provide financial aids needed by micro, small, medium, and cooperative enterprises (Kredit Usaha Mikro dan Kecil, or KUMK). The government has begun to offer funding via Kementrian Negara Koperasi dan UKM RI (Indonesian Ministry of Cooperative Enterprises and Small Enterprises), which then disseminated through other Department/Bureau and local Governments, including the Government of East Java Province.

 Total amount of the grant given by August 2009 period was 476,77 billion Rupiahs, while the total installments was 364,42 billion Rupiahs. In addition, the amount of funding arrears reached 105,34 billion Rupiahs, or approximately 22,42% of the bill plafond. The cash capital mentioned above had been absorbed by almost 26,910 KUMK in East Java. Current major institutions in channeling the funding are Bank Jawa Timur (East Java Bank) which delivers 318,15 billion Rupiahs, or around 67.73% of total amount; and BPR Jawa Timur (East Java Rural Bank) with total 151,61 billion Rupiahs, or approximately 32.27% of total funding that had been given in the region.

Keywords: Kredit Usaha Mikro dan Kecil, funding, capital

 

ABSTRAK

Pemerintah Indonesia telah berkomitmen untuk memberikan bantuan keuangan yang diperlukan oleh usaha mikro, kecil, menengah, dan koperasi (Kredit Usaha Mikro dan Kecil, atau KUMK). Pemerintah telah mulai menawarkan pendanaan melalui Kementrian Negara Koperasi Dan UKM RI ( Indonesia Departemen Koperasi Usaha Kecil dan Usaha ), yang kemudian disebarkan melalui lain Departemen/Biro dan Pemerintah Daerah, termasuk Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Timur .

Jumlah total hibah yang diberikan oleh periode Agustus 2009 adalah 476,77 miliar rupiah, sedangkan jumlah angsuran adalah 364,42 miliar rupiah. Selain itu, jumlah tunggakan dana mencapai 105,34 miliar rupiah, atau sekitar 22,42 % dari tagihan. Modal tunai yang disebutkan di atas telah diserap oleh hampir 26.910 KUMK di Jawa Timur. Lembaga-lembaga utama saat ini dalam menyalurkan dana adalah Bank Jawa Timur (Bank Jatim) yang memberikan 318,15 miliar rupiah, atau sekitar 67,73 % dari jumlah total, dan BPR Jawa Timur (Jawa Timur Rural Bank) dengan jumlah 151,61 miliar rupiah, atau sekitar 32.27 % dari total dana yang telah diberikan di wilayah tersebut.

 

Kata kunci:  Kredit Usaha Mikro dan Kecil, Pendanaan, Modal
INSTITUSIONALISASI AKUNTANSI SOSIAL PADA PERUM PERHUTANI BLITAR
Authors: Nurdiwaty Diah , Djamhuri Ali , Kamayanti Ari
Published: January 2016

Title: [Institutionalization of Social Accounting in Perum Perhutani Blitar]

This study attempt to capture the institutionalization of social accounting in Perum Perhutani Blitar. The research is a qualitative case study as the methods used to understand the institutionalization of social accounting in Perum Perhutani Blitar. Where is the accountability for the social activities of the Partnership. The results of this study are not encountered obstacles to the institutionalization of social accounting, but instead there are some encouragements that given to the implementation of the social accounting. Another finding is the presence of several new policies when social accounting is implemented, although there are also several findings related to not finding some documents or regulations on the implementation of activities of social activities (CSR) as a whole.
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT BASED ONIBNU KHALDUN THOUGHT, SEBUAH INTERPRETASI PROGRAM PEMBERDAYAAN UMKM DI BANK ZAKAT EL-ZAWA
Authors: Hamdi Muhammad Nurul , Nurjanah Evi , Handayani Latifah Safitri
Published: January 2016

The aim of this research is to explain empowering small and medium enterprises model wich is interpreted from community development based on Ibnu Khaldun thought that reserved as the solution from el-Zawa’s technical constraints. The concept of development of those societies three lays of the basic principal, that are: individual, ashabiyah dan ijtima’ al-insan.This concept used in order to improving the quality and comprehensive and sustainable benefit. El-Zawa are the institutions established by Maulana Malik Ibrahim Islamic State University of Malang in order to collecting and managing funds of zakat, infaq, shadaqah, and waqf then spend that in societies economy empowering program. Qualitative research useful for a direct view of reality of field and collected information on power, potential and obstacle faced. The technique of using methode of Miles with three phases: data reduction, data display and drawing conclusions or verification. With the existence of this system, el-Zawa role in societies economy development will increase and able to solve the problems and having a very potential sector and significant in the Indonesian economy.
Front Matter LiNGUA Vol. 10 No. 2 Desember 2015
Authors: Zuhdy Halimi
Published: January 2016

Front Matter LiNGUA Vol. 10 No. 2 Desember 2015
Predicting Soybean Relative Maturity and Seed Yield Using Canopy Reflectance
Authors: Christenson Brent S. , Schapaugh William T. , An Nan , Price Kevin P. , Prasad Vara , Fritz Allan K.
Published: January 2016

Optimized phenotyping, the observable characteristics attributed to the interaction between genotype and the environment, using canopy reflectance measurements may increase the efficiency of cultivar development. The objectives of this study were to: (i) assess canopy reflectance as a tool for predicting soybean maturity and seed yield; (ii) identify specific development stages that contribute to maturity and yield estimation; and (iii) test the stability and utility of maturity and yield estimation models across environments. Canopy reflectance, maturity, and seed yield were measured on 20 maturity group (MG) 3 and 20 MG 4 soybean cultivars released from 1923 to 2010. Measurements were conducted on six irrigated and water‐stressed environments in 2011 and 2012. Cultivar, environment, and cultivar by environment sources of variation were all significant for maturity, yield, and reflectance. Maturity estimation models were created using the visible, red edge, and near‐infrared spectrum as well as normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and water index ratios. Yield estimation models using the red edge, near‐infrared, and visible NDVI indices explained much of the variation in yield among genotypes. No significant trends were found for canopy reflectance data collected at specific development stages or in different water regimes contributing to more accurate yield estimation; however, later development stages (R5‐R6) were more accurate for maturity estimation due to spectral data identifying senescing vegetation. Performance of canopy reflectance models for maturity and yield accounted for a significant portion of variability among genotypes for maturity in some environments and for seed yield in most environments.
Selection Index with Parents, Populations, Progenies, and Generations Effects in Autogamous Plant Breeding
Authors: de Resende Marcos D. V. , Ramalho Magno A. P. , Carneiro Pedro C. S. , Carneiro José E. S. , Batista Lorena G. , Gois Itamara B.
Published: January 2016

Autogamous plant breeders obtain numerous populations annually, and in the progeny selection process, the merit of the population is not considered. Thus, it would be important to have a progeny selection index that includes not only the effects of progenies in the different generations but also the effects of populations in all the generations and the data from parents and the F1 and F2 generations simultaneously. The main objective of this paper was to develop a selection method that encompasses the entire structure of an autogamous plant breeding program including all the data as of the parents, the F1 and F2 generations, and also both the progeny and population effects in the F3 to F6 generations. To do so, a selection index (called selection index with parents, populations, progenies, and generations [SIPPPG]), which includes all these effects, was proposed. Estimators were also derived for computation of the contribution (through indirect heritabilities and selective accuracies) of each source of information for predicting the additive genetic value of the lines to be obtained at the end of the selection process. The new approach was assessed through numerical evaluation and a total index was also obtained using field data derived from a breeding program with the common bean crop. This new index yields gains in selection efficiency ranging from 5 to 28% depending on the relative magnitude of the genetic variation among populations.
Seed Yield of Norwegian and Swedish Tetraploid Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) Populations
Authors: Amdahl Helga , Aamlid Trygve S. , Ergon Åshild , Kovi Mallikarjuna R. , Marum Petter , Alsheikh Muath , Rognli Odd Arne
Published: January 2016

While tetraploid plants of red clover are taller, have thicker stems, and have broader leaves that altogether result in a higher forage yield compared to diploids, they generally have substantially lower seed yields than diploid plants. Tetraploid red clover can be induced chemically by colchicine or nitrous oxide (N2O) and sexually by union of unreduced gametes. The average seed yield of tetraploid red clover in Norway is 60% of the diploid yield, while in Sweden it is 75%. One objective of this paper was to examine whether there is a difference in seed yield among chromosome doubled tetraploids and crossed tetraploids. A second objective was to investigate differences in seed yield and seed yield components in Norwegian and Swedish tetraploid populations. The third objective was to study which yield component most correlates with the seed yield per hectare. Seed production experiments were established at Landvik and Bjørke in Norway and Svalöv and Lännäs in Sweden. Populations made by crossings of tetraploids gave significantly greater yield (p < 0.001) compared to populations that were made by chromosome doubling. On average, Norwegian and Swedish varieties had equal yields in both experimental years. Norwegian and Swedish varieties differed mostly in earliness traits. Swedish populations began flowering on average 4 d earlier than Norwegian populations. Genotypic correlations showed that seed yield per flower head was the component with the highest correlation (r = 0.956 and r = 0.977) with yield per hectare in both experimental fields. Results from the second experimental year indicate a trend towards improved seed yield after several cycles of recurrent selection for higher seed yield per flower head.
Challenges in bioethanol production: Utilization of cotton fabrics as a feedstock
Authors: Nikolic Svetlana , Pejin Jelena , Mojovic Ljiljana
Published: January 2016

Bioethanol, as a clean and renewable fuel with its major environmental
benefits, represents a promising biofuel today which is mostly used in
combination with gasoline. It can be produced from different kinds of
renewable feedstocks. Whereas the first generation of processes
(saccharide-based) have been well documented and are largely applied, the
second and third generation of bioethanol processes (cellulose- or
algae-based) need further research and development since bioethanol yields
are still too low to be economically viable. In this study, the possibilities
of bioethanol production from cotton fabrics as valuable cellulosic raw
material were investigated and presented. Potential lignocellulosic biomass
for bioethanol production and their characteristics, especially cotton-based
materials, were analyzed. Available lignocellulosic biomass, the production
of textile and clothing and potential for sustainable bioethanol production
in Serbia is presented. The progress possibilities are discussed in the
domain of different pretreatment methods, optimization of enzymatic
hydrolysis and different ethanol fermentation process modes.
Intra-and inter-provenance variability of Ostrya carpinifolia Scop. seedlings
Authors: Ivetic Vladan , Devetakovic Jovana , Davorija Zoran , Sijacic-Nikolic Mirjana
Published: January 2016

Hop Hornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia Scop.) seedlings from 45 half-sib lines,
from three provenances were analyzed. Intra-population variability between
half-sib lines was found for morphological attributes of two-year seedlings.
In this sense, maternal (seed) trees with the greatest potential for the
production of reproductive material may be selected. Interpopulation
variability between provenances was found for morphological and physiological
attributes, except for the height and dry mass of the two-year seedlings. The
influence of half-sib lines and provenances on the concentration of the
studied nutrients should be further examined in a larger number of samples.
Despite its large potential, Hop Hornbeam is not used for afforestation in
Serbia. In those terms, we should work to change attitudes in the selection
of the common types of reforestation species.
The value chain of non-wood forest products as a component of development of the forestry sector in a part of South Serbia
Authors: Keca Ljiljana , Marceta Milica , Mladenovic Danijel , Jelic Sreten
Published: January 2016

The value chain represents a detailed outline of the process that a product
or service passes from raw materials, production and distribution to the
consumer. The aim of this article is that within the analyzed companies in
the area of the statistical region of South Serbia determined the dynamics of
purchasing and marketing of non-wood forest products (NWFPs), and their
value. The purpose of this research is to examine the possibilities for the
development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) towards sustainable
use of NWFPs in a part of the territory of South Serbia. The subjects of the
research are: purchased and sold quantities in analyzed companies, as well as
the prices of these products in the market. The research was conducted in the
territory of the dominant Pcinja, and they included 19 companies engaged in
purchasing, processing and sale of NTFPs. The purchase of forest raspberries,
wild strawberries and blackberries and herbs is represented within the Pcinja
District. The highest average annual growth rates were recorded in the sales
of products with added value of dog rose (Rosa canina) and cornelian (Cornus
mas). Export oriented enterprises in this area are at a low level. The total
gross revenue earned by the placement of the selected final NWFPs in the
domestic market was about 6,315,710 ?.
Influence of steaming on drying quality and colour of beech timber
Authors: Milic Goran , Todorovic Nebojsa , Popadic Ranko
Published: January 2016

This paper presents the results of an analysis of influence of the ?light?
steaming process on conventional drying and colour of beech timber. A stack
consisting of steamed and unsteamed boards was dried. Moisture content and
moisture content profiles were recorded, and at the end of drying final
moisture content, moisture content difference across thickness,
case-hardening and colour were determinated. No statistically significant
difference between steamed and unsteamed timber was established in any of the
examined parameters (MC, ?MC, gap). The results indicate that equal (or even)
better drying quality can be expected with steamed beech timber than with
unsteamed timber, given the same drying schedule. Dry steamed timber was
darker and more reddish than the unsteamed one. An imprecision of measurement
by probes in the kiln was noticed in measuring steamed and unsteamed beech
timber having a moisture content of between 7% and 15%, and a solution for
overcoming this problem was given.
Influence of temperature and rainfalls on the number of visitors in the National Park "Tara"
Authors: Rankovic Nenad , Poduska Zoran , Nedeljkovic Jelena , Nonic Dragan
Published: January 2016

The paper is based on the assumption that climate changes, in addition to
negatively affecting forest ecosystems, can have an impact on visiting sites
in national parks intended for tourism and recreation. In order to test this
assumption, data on the number and frequency of visits to the National Park
?Tara? were collected. In the research was determined a mean daily
temperature and total amount of rainfalls in the days when the visit was
recorded. These data were analyzed using exponential regression models.
There is a positive and statistically significant influence of temperature
on the number of visits to the National Park ?Tara? in certain categories.
On the other hand, rainfalls have a negative influence on visits to the
National Park ?Tara?. These analyses are compared with scenarios of climate
changes in Serbia (A1B and A2). It was concluded that there is the influence
of temperature and precipitation on the number of visitors to the National
Park ?Tara?, and that one can expect changes in visits due to the impact of
climate changes on temperature, rainfalls and forest ecosystems.
Economic justification of investment in defense against torrential floods on the example of the Ljubovidja river
Authors: Zlatic Miodrag , Todosijevic Mirjana , Momirovic Natalija
Published: January 2016

Torrential floods have caused great material and economic damage in Serbia,
in the past and even more frequently nowadays. Definitely, the reduction of
negative consequences can be achieved by taking preventive measures which
include integral basin arrangement. The economic justification of investment
in the protection against torrential floods includes a specific approach,
especially when it comes to technical facilities in this area. On the basis
of the example of flood control on a part of the river Ljubovidja, variants of
protection were selected on the basis of economic criteria. On the basis of
the techniques of avoided damage, evaluation of the economic effects of
provided embankments for flood control was done using dynamic methods: the
cost-benefit relationship and net present value. It was concluded that the
second option is more economical, even though it does not protect the whole
area from floods, because a part of that role would be taken over by the
intended dam in the upper flow of this river.
Comparison of the corrosion behavior and surface morphology of NiTi alloy and stainless steels in sodium chloride solution
Authors: Kozuh S. , Vrsalovic L. , Gojic M. , Gudic S. , Kosec B.
Published: January 2016

The corrosion behavior of NiTi alloy and stainless steels (AISI 316L and
X2CrNiMoN22-5-3) in 0.9% sodium chloride (0.154 moll-1) solution was
investigated using open circuit potential measurements, potentiodynamic
polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements.
Microstructural analyses before and after electrochemical tests were
performed with the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy
dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The lowest corrosion current density has NiTi
alloy and the extent of the passive range increased in the order AISI 316L
stainless steel < NiTi alloy < X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 duplex stainless steel. The
oxide film formed on all samples has a double-layer structure consisting of a
barrier-type inner layer and a porous outer layer. Oxide films formed on the
surface of steels mainly contains iron oxides and chromium oxide, while the
surface film of the NiTi alloy mainly contains TiO2 oxide.
Evaluation on material and heat balance of EAF processes with introduction of CO2
Authors: Wang H. , Yu H. , Teng L. , Seetharaman S.
Published: January 2016

The advantages of using CO2 for the decarburization of high alloy steels have
been recognized from environmental and economic view points. The present
paper presents the heat and materials balances in the decarburization process
with the introduction of CO2 as a diluting gas in Electric Arc Furnace (EAF)
process for steel production. The aim is to optimize the amount of CO2 and
the materials requirements, which includes the addition of scrap, hot metal
and coolant. These estimations are also important to control the bath
temperature, thereby prolong the lifetime of the refractory lining of the
furnace. The present calculations enable an optimization of the CO2:O2 ratio
and materials input in the decarburization of carbon steel melts. Another
important extension of the work is the possibility to enhance the addition of
hot metal during steel making process. The present results show that addition
of up to 20% hot metal is likely to the energy loss due to the introduction
of 50% CO2 for a 110 tons EAF resulting in the saving of electric energy.
Accurate completion of medical report on diagnosing death
Authors: Savic Slobodan , Alempijevic Djordje , Andjelic Sladjana
Published: January 2016

Diagnosing death and issuing a Death Diagnosing Form (DDF) represents an
activity that carries a great deal of public responsibility for medical
professionals of the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and is perpetually
exposed to the control of the general public. Diagnosing death is necessary
so as to confirm true, to exclude apparent death and consequentially to avoid
burying a person alive, i.e. apparently dead. These expert-methodological
guidelines based on the most up-to-date and medically based evidence have the
goal of helping the physicians of the EMS in accurately filling out a medical
report on diagnosing death. If the outcome of applied cardiopulmonary
resuscitation measures is negative or when the person is found dead, the
physician is under obligation to diagnose death and correctly fill out the
DDF. It is also recommended to perform electrocardiography (EKG) and record
asystole in at least two leads. In the process of diagnostics and treatment,
it is a moral obligation of each Belgrade EMS physician to apply all
available achievements and knowledge of modern medicine acquired from
extensive international studies, which have been indeed the major theoretical
basis for the creation of these expert-methodological guidelines. Those
acting differently do so in accordance with their conscience and risk
professional, and even criminal sanctions.
Pharmacology of the Renin-Angiotensin system
Authors: Zerem Enver
Published: January 2016

nema
Vladimir Albert Lovric
Authors: Lovric Michelle
Published: January 2016

nema
Prognostic value of rectal temperature at hospital admission in client-owned rabbits
Authors: Di Girolamo Nicola , Toth Giulia , Selleri Paolo
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE To determine whether rectal temperature at hospital admission, independently or in conjunction with other parameters, was associated with all-cause mortality in client-owned rabbits.

DESIGN Prospective cohort study.

ANIMALS 316 client-owned rabbits consecutively hospitalized in an exotics-only animal hospital.

PROCEDURES Rectal temperature of each hospitalized rabbit was measured at admission. Individual variables, including survival up to 1 week after hospital discharge, were recorded. Univariate, multivariate, and sensitivity analyses were performed.

RESULTS Rabbits with hypothermia at admission had a risk of death before or within 1 week after hospital discharge 3 times that of rabbits without hypothermia (relative risk, 3.09; 95% confidence interval, 2.17 to 4.39). For each 1°C (1.8°F) decrease in admission rectal temperature, the odds of death were doubled (OR, 2.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.69 to 2.64). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the finding. Older age, suspected presence of a systemic disease, and presence of gastrointestinal stasis were also significantly associated with an increased risk of death.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Rectal temperature was easily measured in rabbits and was a major predictor of death in the present patient cohort. Because of its association with death in both healthy and diseased rabbits in this study, rectal temperature should always be measured during physical examination of rabbits. Treatment of hypothermia in client-owned rabbits requires further research.
Peripheral locked in syndrome following snake envenomation – a case report
Authors: Gupta Sweta Kumari , Sarmah Bhabani Kant , Bajracharya Amshu Shakya
Published: January 2016

Snake bite is a terror in the Terai regions of Nepal. It is estimated that at least 20,000 snake bites occur each year with about 1000 deaths in hospitals, mainly in the Terai region. About 25% of the total snake bite cases constitute children in the endemic regions of snakes. Majority of children (85%) following snakebite envenomation develop local or systemic complications. They present in varied ways, from a stable patient with no symptoms to a completely paralyzed child with all features of brain death present, although for a brief time. This has been termed locked in syndrome in snake bite. The locked in syndrome describes patients who are awake and conscious but selectively differenced, i.e., have no means of producing speech, limb or facial movements. If not detected early, it is not uncommon for children presenting with locked in syndrome being put to funeral pyre or buried alive. Sometimes there might not be bite mark making the diagnosis even more challenging. A two year old boy presented with restlessness and quadriparesis following neurotoxic snake envenomation. Later he developed complete paralysis with most features of brain death present like absent dolls eye, absent corneal reflexes and a dilated and fixed pupil only two hours following the bite. He was treated with a standard regimen of anti-snake venom (ASV) along with other supportive measures. His remarkable recovery with the above treatment points towards the necessity of recognizing this syndrome in children following snake bite and continuing all supportive therapies till they regain their reflexes and powers.Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, Vol.11(4) 2015: 32-34
Salvation of severely fractured anterior tooth: An orthodontic approach
Authors: Ayer Ashok , Gyawali Rajesh , Bhattarai Bahusan , Suwal Pramita
Published: January 2016

Restoration of severely fractured teeth presents a challenge to the endodontist and may require an interdisciplinary approach for proper management. When the available crown structure is less, orthodontic forced extrusion is the option where the coronal root structure is exposed for proper restoration. This report describes the management of severely fractured maxillary right lateral incisor with extensive loss of coronal structure and fracture line extending below gingival margin. Endodontic treatment of the fractured tooth was followed by controlled orthodontic extrusion to expose fracture margin and providing sufficient coronal tooth structure to support the prosthesis. Orthodontic extrusion may be considered as a viable option for the salvation of fractured anterior teeth.Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, Vol.11(4) 2015: 35-38
Chiari malformation Type I surgery in pediatric patients. Part 2: complications and the influence of comorbid disease in California, Florida, and New York
Authors: Greenberg Jacob K. , Olsen Margaret A. , Yarbrough Chester K. , Ladner Travis R. , Shannon Chevis N. , Piccirillo Jay F. , Anderson Richard C. E. , Wellons John C. , Smyth Matthew D. , Park Tae Sung , Limbrick David D.
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE

Chiari malformation Type I (CM-I) is a common and often debilitating pediatric neurological disease. However, efforts to guide preoperative counseling and improve outcomes research are impeded by reliance on small, single-center studies. Consequently, the objective of this study was to investigate CM-I surgical outcomes using population-level administrative billing data.

METHODS

The authors used Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases (SID) to study pediatric patients undergoing surgical decompression for CM-I from 2004 to 2010 in California, Florida, and New York. They assessed the prevalence and influence of preoperative complex chronic conditions (CCC) among included patients. Outcomes included medical and surgical complications within 90 days of treatment. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for surgical complications.

RESULTS

A total of 936 pediatric CM-I surgeries were identified for the study period. Overall, 29.2% of patients were diagnosed with syringomyelia and 13.7% were diagnosed with scoliosis. Aside from syringomyelia and scoliosis, 30.3% of patients had at least 1 CCC, most commonly neuromuscular (15.2%) or congenital or genetic (8.4%) disease. Medical complications were uncommon, occurring in 2.6% of patients. By comparison, surgical complications were diagnosed in 12.7% of patients and typically included shunt-related complications (4.0%), meningitis (3.7%), and other neurosurgery-specific complications (7.4%). Major complications (e.g., stroke or myocardial infarction) occurred in 1.4% of patients. Among children with CCCs, only comorbid hydrocephalus was associated with a significantly increased risk of surgical complications (OR 4.5, 95% CI 2.5–8.1).

CONCLUSIONS

Approximately 1 in 8 pediatric CM-I patients experienced a surgical complication, whereas medical complications were rare. Although CCCs were common in pediatric CM-I patients, only hydrocephalus was independently associated with increased risk of surgical events. These results may inform patient counseling and guide future research efforts.
Peripartum and neonatal factors associated with the persistence of neonatal brachial plexus palsy at 1 year: a review of 382 cases
Authors: Wilson Thomas J. , Chang Kate W. C. , Chauhan Suneet P. , Yang Lynda J. S.
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE

Neonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP) occurs due to the stretching of the nerves of the brachial plexus before, during, or after delivery. NBPP can resolve spontaneously or become persistent. To determine if nerve surgery is indicated, predicting recovery is necessary but difficult. Historical attempts explored the association of recovery with only clinical and electrodiagnostic examinations. However, no data exist regarding the neonatal and peripartum factors associated with NBPP persistence.

METHODS

This retrospective cohort study involved all NBPP patients at the University of Michigan between 2005 and 2015. Peripartum and neonatal factors were assessed for their association with persistent NBPP at 1 year, as defined as the presence of musculoskeletal contractures or an active range of motion that deviated from normal by > 10° (shoulder, elbow, hand, and finger ranges of motion were recorded). Standard statistical methods were used.

RESULTS

Of 382 children with NBPP, 85% had persistent NBPP at 1 year. A wide range of neonatal and peripartum factors was explored. We found that cephalic presentation, induction or augmentation of labor, birth weight > 9 lbs, and the presence of Horner syndrome all significantly increased the odds of persistence at 1 year, while cesarean delivery and Narakas Grade I to II injury significantly reduced the odds of persistence.

CONCLUSIONS

Peripartum/neonatal factors were identified that significantly altered the odds of having persistent NBPP at 1 year. Combining these peripartum/neonatal factors with previously published clinical examination findings associated with persistence should allow the development of a prediction algorithm. The implementation of this algorithm may allow the earlier recognition of those cases likely to persist and thus enable earlier intervention, which may improve surgical outcomes.