bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Orogenic comparison of structurally controlled gold systems of the Abitibi Greenstone Belt and central Newfoundland Appalachians: implications for Newfoundland gold potential and recurring tectonic drivers of gold mineralization
Authors: Honsberger I , Bleeker W
Published: March 2018

The Abitibi greenstone belt and the emerging Paleozoic gold district across the central Newfoundland Appalachians both extend over similarly sized areas and are characterized by crustal-scale faults associated with remnants of synorogenic clastic basins. The aim
of this study to investigate whether the orogenic model for structurally controlled Archean lode gold deposits developed for the Abitibi belt is applicable to Newfoundland and, by extension, other regions. Although the Abitibi belt has a substantially greater gold endowment than the Newfoundland
belt, this research is focused on a compare and contrast exercise with respect to lithology, stratigraphy, structure, magmatism and tectonic setting. Identifying similarities between Archean and Paleozoic gold districts may identify recurring orogenic processes and key ingredients that are
fundamental to the development of structurally controlled gold systems.
Selwyn Basin magmatism and relationship to sediment-hosted Zn-Pb deposits
Authors: Leybourne M I , Van Wagoner N , Paradis S , Layton-Matthews D , Moertle J
A
Published: March 2018

Paleozoic volcanic and intrusive rocks from the Selwyn Basin are being investigated to establish if there is genetic relationship between volcanism and sediment-hosted massive sulphide (SEDEX) mineralization with the aim of improving mineral exploration models.
The spatial and temporal distribution of dominantly highly alkalic magmatism and SEDEX deposits in the Selwyn Basin are similar, but traditional models for SEDEX deposit formation have excluded any role of magmatism in their genesis. This study is testing whether magmatic systems supply heat and
possibly metals and/or volatiles to the ore system. Herein we report preliminary petrological and geochemical data for samples from the Keno Hill, Anvil and MacMillan Pass districts, and Misty Creek Embayment.
Most of the volcanic rocks in the Anvil and MacMillan Pass districts are alkalic and mafic, although Paleozoic volcanic rocks and later dykes in the Keno Hill district are subalkalic. Significantly, most volcanic rocks in all districts are enriched to highly enriched in Ba, Cs, Nb and Th, and show a
positive relationship between barium and thallium, similar to the Howards Pass SEDEX deposit, suggesting either the volcanic rocks have been altered by similar hydro-thermal fluids as those that generated SEDEX mineralization or that the volcanic rocks formed from magmas that may have contributed
metals and metalloids (e.g. Ba, Tl) to ore-forming magmatic-hydrothermal fluids. Thallium, strontium, carbon and oxygen isotopic analysis, combined with U-Pb dating are planned to constrain the connections between alkalic volcanism and SEDEX formation in the Selwyn Basin.
Mineral markers of base metal mineralization: progress report on the identification of indicator minerals in the fine heavy mineral fraction
Authors: Lougheed H D , McClenaghan M B , Layton-Matthews D
Published: March 2018

Indicator minerals from heavy mineral concentrates have long been used in exploration for diamonds and gold, and more recently porphyry copper and volcanic massive sulphide deposits. This study is investigating the application of rapid automated mineralogy to
identify and characterize indicator minerals in till and stream sediment samples. The fine (<0.250 mm) heavy mineral fraction is well suited to automated mineralogy as a large number of mineral grains can be analyzed from an individual sample. These small grains are difficult to visually
recognize using traditional microscopic methods.
The initial phase of this study has assessed methods to process and analyze the <0.250 mm heavy mineral concentrate using archived samples from three test sites. Investigations focused on identifying key areas of loss and contamination during processing and workflow, and establishing
mitigating protocols. Concentrates were split into four size fractions to better represent the large number of grains in a sample. Single-use sieves were developed to reduce potential for cross-contamination. Fractions were mounted into an epoxy plug, which were quartered and remounted to capture
both basal and cross-sectional planes to compensate for any density settling, prior to rapid automated scanning by mineral liberation analysis.
Anticarcinogenic effect of alpha-lipoic acid and Jatropha gossypifolia leaves against cypermethrin-induced genotoxicity in rats
Authors: Faokunla Opeyemi O. , Akinloye Oluseyi A. , Ugbaja Regina N. , Adeogun Abideen I.
Published: March 2018

Background: Cypermethrin (Cyp), a synthetic pyrethroid developed for agricultural and public health applications, has become harmful to the environment and mammalian life owing to indiscriminate use.Aim: This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of the methanolic extract of Jatropha gossypifolia leaves against Cyp-induced genotoxicity in rats using alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA) as standard drug.Method: Fifty-six male Wistar rats, assigned to eight groups of seven animals each, were treated orally for 28 days as follows - Group 1: only corn oil (Control); Group 2: 20 mg/kg body weight (b.wt) of Cyp; Groups 3, 4 and 5: Cyp + 50 mg/kg b.wt of J. gossypifolia, Cyp + 100 mg/kg b.wt of J. gossypifolia and Cyp + 50 mg/kg b.wt of α-LA, respectively; Groups 6, 7 and 8: J. gossypifolia (50 mg/kg b.wt), J. gossypifolia (100 mg/kg b.wt) and α-LA (50 mg/kg b.wt), respectively. The P53 was assayed for using the plasma, while the micronucleus assay was carried out on the bone marrow.Results: Results showed that exposure to Cyp significantly increased the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (86.70%) as well as p53 concentration in both the liver and plasma (200.00% and 125.53%) compared to the control. Co-administration with methanolic extract of J. gossypifolia leaves significantly reversed these alterations in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion: The methanolic extract of J. gossypifolia leaves has the potential to ameliorate Cyp-induced genotoxicity in rats, and also, the toxicological evaluations of the plant extract and α-LA showed that it is relatively safe for use at the doses investigated.
Global sourcing risk management approaches: A study of small clothing and textile retailers in Gauteng
Authors: Niemann Wesley , Kotzé Theuns , Mannya Karabo
Published: March 2018

Background: Global sourcing has increased as buyers searched for new markets that offered better pricing, quality, variety and delivery lead times than their local markets. However, the increase in global sourcing has also exposed businesses to many supply risks.Purpose: The purpose of this descriptive qualitative study was to explore the global sourcing supply risks encountered by small clothing and textile retailers in Gauteng and to determine what supply risk identification and management approaches they utilise.Method: This study utilised semi-structured interviews conducted with 12 small clothing and textile retail owners.Results: The study found that the three major supply risks encountered by these retailers were fluctuating exchange rates, communication barriers and costly and complicated logistics, which included high customs costs. Furthermore, although aware of the supply risks, none of the small clothing and textile retailers had formal identification and management approaches in place. Instead, risks are dealt with at the sole discretion of the owner as and when they occur. The study also found that informal identification and management approaches were being applied by some of the retailers. These included factoring exchange rate fluctuations into the profit margins and using translators to combat communication barriers.Contribution: The study is one of the first empirical studies conducted on global supply risks and the associated identification and management approaches in the South African small business context, specifically focused on clothing and textile retailers.Conclusion: Small clothing and textile retailers need to proactively identify and manage global sourcing risk using the identified approaches in order to reduce and mitigate potential supply disruptions.
Pathways to Care in Patients approaching Community Mental Health Satellite Clinics in North India
Authors: Singh Shubh M , Kumar Eish , Saroj Rajoo , Satapathy Ashirbad , Nanjayya Subodh B , Sharma Akhilesh
Published: March 2018

Introduction

Research into pathway to care (PC) in mental health in India has focussed on severe mental illness in mental hospitals.

Aim

To assess PC in a cohort of health care seeking subjects from a predominantly rural background approaching weekly community mental health satellite clinics in three towns in North India.

Materials and methods

104 consecutive patients over a period of 6 months were included in the study. PC was assessed using a validated instrument.

Results

A majority of the participants were diagnosed with common mental disorders (CMD). The mean duration of symptoms was 22.97 months and the mean number of treatment contacts was 1.11. Primary care physicians were the most common initial point of contact rather than native/religious healers.

Conclusion

In a CMD predominant treatment seeking population in a rural community where affordable mental health care and primary health care is available, there is high acceptability and utilization of such services.

Clinical significance

Community psychiatry services should ideally be situated alongside primary health care services

How to cite this article

Singh SM, Kumar E, Saroj R, Satapathy A, Nanjayya SB, Sharma A. Pathways to Care in Patients approaching Community Mental Health Satellite Clinics in North India. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2018;52(1):12-15.
Efficacy of Single-dose Intra-articular Injection of High-molecular-weight Hyaluronic Acid in Patients suffering from Primary Osteoarthritis of Knee
Authors: Romi Singh N , Yengkhom Jotin S , Chongreilen Chiru MS , Thakur Kaustav B , Debnath Utpalendu
Published: March 2018

Aim

To find the effectiveness of single-dose intra-articular (IA) injection of high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (HMWHA) in patients suffering from primary osteoarthritis (OA) of knee.

Study design

A randomized control trial.

Duration of the study

One-and-a-half years, commencing from October 2014.

Settings

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PMR) Department, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal, Manipur, India.

Study population

All patients suffering from OA knee, who fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for classification of idiopathic OA knee and attending the department during the study period.

Materials and methods

Sixty-five patients were randomized to receive either visco-supplementation with single-dose IA injection of HMWHA (study group) or methylprednisolone (control group) and follow-up was done at 1, 3, and 6 months. Outcome measures were done with Western Ontario and McMaster University (WOMAC) and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain.

Results

Both the groups showed significant improvement in both WOMAC and VAS pain score at the end of 3 months. But at the end of 6 months, improvement in terms of WOMAC (p = 0.09) and VAS pain (p = 0.07) scores in control group was not significant, whereas the study group maintained statistically significant improvement.

Conclusion

A single dose of IA HMWHA is effective in reducing pain and disability in patients with primary OA of knee.

How to cite this article

Yengkhom JS, Nongmaithem RS, Chiru MSC, Thakur KB, Debnath U. Efficacy of Single-dose Intra-articular Injection of High-molecular-weight Hyaluronic Acid in Patients suffering from Primary Osteoarthritis of Knee. Indian J Phy Med Rehab 2017;28(3):89-94.
En route intraosseous access performed in the combat setting
Authors: Savell, PhD, RN Shelia , Mora, BS Alejandra G. , Perez, RN, BSN Crystal A. , Bebarta, MD Vikhyat S. , Maddry, MD Joseph K.
Published: March 2018

Objective: To describe and compare vascular access practices used by en route care providers during medical evacuation (MEDEVAC). Design: This was a retrospective cohort study. Medical records of US military personnel injured in combat and transported by MEDEVAC teams were queried.Patients: The subjects were transported by military en route care providers, in the combat theater during Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) between January 2011 and March 2014. The authors reviewed 1,267 MEDEVAC records of US casualties and included 832 subjects that had vascular access attempts.Main outcome measures: The outcome measures for this study were vascular access success rates, including intravenous (IV) and intraosseous (IO) attempts. Subjects were grouped by type of vascular access: None, peripheral intravenous (PIV), IO, and PIV + IO (combination of PIV and IO) and by vascular access (PIV or IO) success (No versus Yes). Survival rate, in-flight events, ventilator, intensive care and in hospital days, and 30-day outcomes were compared among groups. Statistical analysis: The authors used chi-square or Fisher's exact tests to evaluate categorical variables. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for continuous variables. Results: Vascular access was attempted in 832 (66 percent) of the 1,267 subjects transported by MEDEVAC during this study period. The majority (n = 758) of the access attempts were PIV of which 93 percent (706/758) were successful. In 74 subjects, IO was the only access attempted with an 85 percent (n = 63) success rate. The overall success rate with IO placement was 88 percent. Conclusions: Intraosseous access has been used successfully in the combat setting and accounts for approximately 12 percent of vascular access in the MEDEVAC population the authors studied.
The comparison of humeral intraosseous and intravenous administration of vasopressin on return of spontaneous circulation and pharmacokinetics in a hypovolemic cardiac arrest swine model
Authors: Wimmer, BSN Mark H. , Heffner, BSN Kenneth , Smithers, BSN Michael , Culley, BSN Richard , Coyner, PhD, CRNA Jennifer , Loughren, PhD, CRNA Michael , Johnson, PhD Don
Published: March 2018

Introduction: The American Heart Association (AHA) recommends intravenous (IV) or intraosseous (IO) vasopressin in Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS). Obtaining IV access in hypovolemic cardiac arrest patients can be difficult, and IO access is often obtained in these life threatening situations. No studies have been conducted to determine the effects of humeral IO (HIO) access with vasopressin in the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Our study compared the kinetics of vasopressin and ROSC with HIO with IV access in the hypovolemic swine model.Methods: Twenty-two Yorkshire swine were divided into three groups: HIO (n = 7), IV (n = 8), and a control group (n = 7). The IV and HIO group received vasopressin and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), while the control group received only CPR. All subjects were exsanguinated 31 percent of their blood volume, placed in cardiac arrest, and resuscitated per ACLS. Subjects that achieved ROSC were then monitored for 20 minutes. Blood samples (10 mL) collected at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, and 4 minutes after vasopressin injection and analyzed for maximum concentration (Cmax) and time to maximum concentration (Tmax). Data were analyzed using a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and a Fisher's Exact Test.Results: ROSC was achieved in every subject that received vasopressin via the HIO route. Data analysis using a MANOVA pairwise comparison revealed no difference between mean Cmax (p = 0.601) and Tmax (p = 0.771) of vasopressin administered IV versus HIO routes. Analysis of the mean serum concentrations at time intervals using a repeated measures analysis of variance found no difference (p > 0.05). A Fisher's Exact Test revealed no difference in rate of ROSC between HIO and IV groups (p > 0.05). Odds ratio determined that there was a 33 times higher chance of survival among HIO subjects versus control (CPR and Defibrillation; p = 0.03) and no difference in the survivability of the HIO or IV groups (p = 0.52). Conclusion: The data from this study strongly suggest that there is no significant difference in ROSC, time to ROSC, hemodynamics, or pharmacokinetics between HIO vasopressin and IV vasopressin. This research reinforces current AHA guidelines recommending the use of HIO route early over delaying care awaiting IV access.
Effects of tibial and humerus intraosseous administration of epinephrine in a cardiac arrest swine model
Authors: Beaumont, MSN, CRNA Denise , Baragchizadeh, MS, PhD Candidate Asal , Johnson, MA Charles , Johnson, PhD Don
Published: March 2018

Objective: Compare maximum concentration (Cmax), time to maximum concentration (Tmax), mean serum concentration of epinephrine, return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), time to ROSC, and odds of survival relative to epinephrine administration by humerus intraosseous (HIO), tibial intraosseous (TIO), and intravenous (IV) routes in a swine cardiac arrest model.Design: Prospective, between subjects, randomized experimental design.Setting: TriService Research Facility.Subjects: Yorkshire-cross swine (n = 28).Intervention: Swine were anesthetized and placed into cardiac arrest. After 2 minutes, cardiopulmonary resuscitation was initiated. After an additional 2 minutes, a dose of 1 mg of epinephrine was administered by HIO, TIO, or the IV routes. Blood samples were collected over 4 minutes and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.Main Outcome Measurements: ROSC, time to ROSC, Cmax, Tmax, mean concentrations over time, and odds ratio.Results: There was no significant difference in rate of the ROSC among the TIO, HIO, and IV groups (p > 0.05). There were significant differences in Cmax: the HIO group was significantly higher than the TIO group (p = 0.007), but no significant difference between the IV and HIO (p = 0.33) or the IV and TIO group (p = 0.060). The Tmax was significantly shorter for both the IV and HIO versus the TIO group (p < 0.05), but no difference between IV and HIO (p = 0.328). The odds of survival were higher in the HIO group compared to all other groups.Conclusion: The TIO and HIO provide rapid and reliable access to administer life-saving medications during cardiac arrest.
Effects of humerus intraosseous versus intravenous amiodarone administration in a hypovolemic porcine model
Authors: Holloway, BSN Monica M. , Jurina, MSN Shannan L. , Orszag, BSN Joshua D. , Bragdon, MS George R. , Green, BSN, CCRN Rustin D. , Garcia-Blanco, MD Jose C. , Benham, DNP, CRNA Brian E. , Adams, DNP, CRNA Timothy S. , Johnson, PhD Don
Published: March 2018

Objective: To compare the effects of amiodarone administration by humerus intraosseous (HIO) and intravenous (IV) routes on return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), time to maximum concentration (Tmax), maximum plasma drug concentration (Cmax), time to ROSC, and mean concentrations over time in a hypovolemic cardiac arrest model.Design: Prospective, between subjects, randomized experimental design.Setting: TriService Research Facility.Subjects: Yorkshire-cross swine (n = 28).Intervention: Swine were anesthetized and placed into cardiac arrest. After 2 minutes, cardiopulmonary resuscitation was initiated. After an additional 2 minutes, amiodarone 300 mg was administered via the HIO or the IV route. Blood samples were collected over 5 minutes. The samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.Main Outcome Measurements: ROSC, Tmax, Cmax, time to ROSC, and mean concentrations over time.Results: There was no difference in ROSC between the HIO and IV groups; each had five achieve ROSC and two that did not (p = 1). There was no difference in Tmax (p = 0.501) or in Cmax between HIO and IV groups (p = 0.232). Means ± standard deviations in seconds were 94.3 ± 78.3 compared to 115.7 ± 87.3 in the IV versus HIO groups, respectively. The mean ± standard deviation in nanograms per milliliter for the HIO was 49,041 ± 21,107 and 74,258 ± 33,176 for the IV group. There were no significant differences between the HIO and IV groups relative to time to ROSC (p = 0.220). A repeated analysis of variance indicated that there were no significant differences between the groups relative to concentrations over time (p > 0.05).Conclusion: The humerus intraosseous provides rapid and reliable access to administer life-saving medications during cardiac arrest.
Factors associated with preparedness of the US healthcare system to respond to a pediatric surge during an infectious disease pandemic: Is our nation prepared?
Authors: Anthony, MD Christy , Thomas, BS Tito Joe , Berg, MPH Bridget M. , Burke, PhD, MPH Rita V. , Upperman, MD, FAAP, FACS Jeffrey S.
Published: March 2018

Objective: Recent incidents have demonstrated that the US health system is unprepared for infectious pandemics resulting in a pediatric surge. Development of efficient plans and a structured and coordinated regional response to pediatric pandemic surge remains an opportunity. To address this gap, we conducted a literature review to assess current efforts, propose a response plan structure, and recommend policy actions.Design: A literature review, utilizing MEDLINE and PubMed, through March 2017 identified articles regarding infectious disease pandemics affecting the US pediatric population. After review of current literature, a proposed response plan structure for a pediatric pandemic surge was designed.Results: Inclusion and exclusion criteria reduced an initial screening of 1,787 articles to 162 articles. Articles ranged in their discussion of pediatric pandemic surge. Review of the articles led to the proposal of organizing the results according to 4 S's; (1) Structure, (2) Staff, (3) Stuff (Resources), and (4) Space.Conclusion: The review has supported the concern that the US health system is unprepared for a pediatric surge induced by infectious disease pandemics. Common themes suggest that response plans should reflect the 4Ss and national guidelines must be translated into regional response systems that account for local nuances.
Terrorism reports: The tip of the iceberg
Authors: Ellenberg, MD, MPH, PhD Eytan , Taragin, MD, MPH Mark , Bar-On, MD, MHA Zvia , Cohen, SW Osnat , Ostfeld, MD, MHA Ishay
Published: March 2018

Importance: Medical impact of terror is a public health issue as the threat is growing all over the world.Objective: Our objective was to compare the number of injured and incidents in the three different databases and reports [Global Terrorism Database (GTD), Israeli Security Agency (ISA) and National Insurance Institute (NII)] in Israel.Design: Retrospective study.Setting: Analyses of three different databases (GTD, ISA and NII) and basic comparison.Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s): The victims reimbursed for medical expenses are the largest population. The number of injured as described by GTD and ISA database are less important. The 2010-2013 years are marked by more incidents recognized in Israel vs GTD assessment (except in 2014).Conclusions and Relevance: The number of victims being reimbursed for medical and mental health services is radically different from the GTD and the ISA reports. Public Health specialists should be advised of this phenomenon to deliver their right approach (including mental health) to growing threat and develop new definition of victim of terror.
Colonialism, Institutional Change, and Shifts in Global Labour Relations
Authors: Hofmeester Karin , Zwart Pim , Clarence-Smith William G. , Bosma Ulbe , Nederveen Meerkerk Elise , Mandala Elias C. , Barragán Rossana , Rossum Matthias , Fourie Johan , Green Erik , Pallaver Karin , Lucassen Jan
Published: March 2018

This book offers a view of shifts in labour relations in various parts of the world over a breathtaking span, from 1500 to 2000, with a particular emphasis on colonial institutions. How did growing demand for colonial commodities affect labour in the Global South? How did colonial interference with land and labour markets affect developments in labour relations? And what were the effects of the introduction of colonial currencies? The contributors to this volume answer those questions and more, combining global perspectives with impressively detailed case studies.
Aerosol optical characteristics and their vertical distributions under enhanced haze pollution events: effect of the regional transport of different aerosol types over eastern China
Authors: Sun Tianze , Che Huizheng , Qi Bing , Wang Yaqiang , Dong Yunsheng , Xia Xiangao , Wang Hong , Gui Ke , Zheng Yu , Zhao Hujia , Ma Qianli , Du Rongguang , Zhang Xiaoye
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The climatological variation of aerosol properties and the planetary
boundary layer (PBL) during 2013–2015 over the
Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region were investigated by employing ground-based Micro Pulse Lidar (MPL) and CE-318
sun-photometer observations. Combining Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared
Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) satellite products, enhanced haze pollution events affected by
different types of aerosol over the YRD region were analyzed through vertical structures, spatial distributions, backward
trajectories, and the potential source contribution function (PSCF) model. The results show that aerosols in the YRD are
dominated by fine-mode particles, except in March. The aerosol optical depth (AOD) in June and September is higher due to
high single scattering albedo (SSA) from hygroscopic growth, but it is lower in July and August due to wet deposition from
precipitation. The PBL height (PBLH) is greater (means ranging from 1.23 to 1.84 km) and more variable in the
warmer months of March to August, due to the stronger diurnal cycle and exchange of heat. Northern fine-mode pollutants
are brought to the YRD at a height of 1.5 km. The SSA increases, blocking the radiation to the surface, and cooling
the surface, thereby weakening turbulence, lowering the PBL, and in turn accelerating the accumulation of pollutants,
creating a feedback to the cooling effect. Originated from the deserts in Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia, long-range
transported dust masses are seen at heights of about 2 km over the YRD region with an
SSA440 nm below 0.84, which heat air and raise the PBL, accelerating the diffusion of dust
particles. Regional transport from biomass-burning spots to the south of the YRD region bring mixed aerosol particles at
a height below 1.5 km, resulting in an SSA440 nm below 0.89. During the winter, the
accumulation of the local emission layer is facilitated by stable weather conditions, staying within the PBL even below
0.5 km.
Satellite-based estimate of the variability of warm cloud properties associated with aerosol and meteorological conditions
Authors: Liu Yuqin , Zhang Jiahua , Zhou Putian , Lin Tao , Hong Juan , Shi Lamei , Yao Feimei , Guo Huadong , Gerrit de Leeuw
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Aerosol-cloud interaction is examined using four years of data from the MODIS/Terra (morning orbit) and MODIS/Aqua (afternoon orbit) satellites. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) and cloud properties retrieved from both sensors are used to explore in a statistical sense the morning-to-afternoon variation of cloud properties in conditions with low and high AOD, over both land and ocean. The results show that the morning-to-afternoon variation of cloud properties during the 3 hours between the Terra and Aqua overpasses have similar patterns (increase or decrease) over land under both low and high AOD conditions. The variation in d(Cloud_X), defined as the mean change in cloud property Cloud_X between the morning and afternoon overpasses in high AOD conditions minus that in low AOD conditions, is different over land and ocean. This applies to cloud droplet effective radius (CDR), cloud fraction (CF) and cloud top pressure (CTP), but not to cloud optical thickness (COT) and cloud liquid water path (CWP). The effects of initial cloud fraction and meteorological conditions on the change in CF are also explored, showing that upward motion of air parcels can enhance the cloud cover much more when AOD is high than when it is low. In contrast, the increase of cloud cover with increasing relative humidity is much stronger in a relatively clean atmosphere with low AOD than in a more polluted atmosphere. Meanwhile, stable atmospheric conditions favour the development of a low cloud cover, especially when AOD is high. Overall, the analysis of the diurnal variation of cloud properties provides a better understanding of aerosol-cloud interaction over land and ocean.
Aerosol and physical atmosphere model parameters are both important sources of uncertainty in aerosol ERF
Authors: Regayre Leighton , Johnson Jill , Yoshioka Masaru , Pringle Kirsty , Sexton David , Booth Ben , Lee Lindsay , Bellouin Nicolas , Carslaw Kenneth
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Changes in aerosols cause a change in net top-of-the-atmosphere (ToA) short-wave and long-wave radiative fluxes, rapid adjustments in clouds, water vapour and temperature, and cause an effective radiative forcing (ERF) of the planetary energy budget. The diverse sources of model uncertainty and the computational cost of running climate models make it difficult to isolate the main causes of aerosol ERF uncertainty and to understand how observations can be used to constrain it. We explore the aerosol ERF uncertainty by using fast model emulators to generate a very large set of aerosol-climate model variants that span the model uncertainty due to twenty-seven parameters related to atmospheric and aerosol processes. Sensitivity analyses shows that the uncertainty in the ToA flux is dominated (around 80 %) by uncertainties in the physical atmosphere model, particularly parameters that affect cloud reflectivity. However, uncertainty in the change in ToA flux caused by aerosol emissions over the industrial period (the aerosol ERF) is controlled by a combination of uncertainties in aerosol (around 60 %) and physical atmosphere (around 40 %) parameters. Four of the atmospheric and aerosol parameters that cause uncertainty in short-wave ToA flux (mostly parameters that directly scale cloud reflectivity, cloud water content or cloud droplet concentrations) also account for around 60% of the aerosol ERF uncertainty. The common causes of uncertainty mean that constraining the modelled planetary brightness to tightly match satellite observations changes the lower 95 % credible aerosol ERF value from −2.65 Wm−2 to −2.37 Wm−2. This suggests the strongest forcings (below around −2.4 Wm−2) are inconsistent with observations. These results show that, regardless of the fact that the ToA flux is an order of magnitude larger than the aerosol ERF, the observed flux can constrain the uncertainty in ERF because their values are connected by constrainable process parameters. The key to reducing the aerosol ERF uncertainty further will be to identify observations that can additionally constrain individual parameter ranges and/or combined parameter effects, which can be achieved through sensitivity analysis of perturbed parameter ensembles.
Mineralogy and physicochemical features of Saharan dust wet deposited in the Iberian Peninsula during an extreme red rain event
Authors: Rodriguez-Navarro Carlos , di Lorenzo Fulvio , Elert Kerstin
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The mineralogy and physicochemical features of Saharan dust particles help to identify source areas and determine their biogeochemical, radiative and health effects, but their characterization is challenging. Using a multianalytical approach, here we characterized with unprecedented level of detail the mineralogy and physicochemical properties of Saharan dust particles massively wet deposited (~ 18 g m−2) following an extreme red rain event triggered by a north African cyclone that affected the southern Iberian Peninsula during February 21–23, 2017. Abundant palygorskite and illite, and relatively high carbonate contents, well-known northern and north-western Saharan dust indicators, along with low chlorite content and significant amounts of smectites and kaolinite, whose abundance increases southwards in the western Sahara, complemented by satellite imagery and back/forward trajectories, show that the most probable dust source areas were (i) south/central Algeria, north Mali and northwest Niger, and (ii) north Algeria, south Tunisia and north-west Libia. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy analyses, including Z-contrast high angle annular dark field (HAADF) imaging and analytical electron microscopy (AEM) show that clay minerals include abundant structural Fe (57 % of the total Fe) and typically form nanogranular aggregates covered or interspersed with amorphous/poorly crystalline iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticles (ferrihydrite), which account for 28 % of the free Fe, the rest being goethite and hematite. These nanogranular aggregates tend to form rims lining large silicate and carbonate particles. Such internally mixed iron-containing phases are main contributors to the observed absorption of solar and thermal radiation, and along with the abundant coarse/giant particles (> 10 μm), strongly affect the dust direct radiative forcing. The lack of secondary sulfates in aggregates of unaltered calcite internally mixed with clays/iron-rich nanoparticles shows that iron-rich nanoparticles did not form via atmospheric (acid) processing but were already present in the dust source soils. Such iron-rich nanoparticles, in addition to iron-containing clay (nano)particles, are an important source for bioavailable (soluble) iron. The dust particles are a potential health hazard, specially the abundant and potentially carcinogenic iron-containing palygorskite fibers. Ultimately, we show that different source areas are activated over large desert extensions, and large quantities of complex dust mixtures are transported thousands of kilometers and wet-deposited during such extreme events, which thwart any other Saharan dust event affecting south-western Europe. The past, present, and future trends, as well as impacts, of such extreme events must be taken into account when evaluating and modeling the manifold effects of the desert dust cycle.
Reflected ray retrieval from radio occultation data using radio holographic filtering of wave fields in ray space
Authors: Gorbunov Michael E. , Cardellach Estel , Lauritsen Kent B.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Linear and non-linear representations of wave fields constitute the basis of
modern algorithms for analysis of radio occultation (RO) data. Linear
representations are implemented by Fourier Integral Operators, which allow
for high-resolution retrieval of bending angles. Non-linear representations
include Wigner Distribution Function (WDF), which equals the pseudo-density
of energy in the ray space. Representations allow for filtering wave fields
by suppressing some areas of the ray space and mapping the field back from
the transformed space to the initial one. We apply this technique to the
retrieval of reflected rays from RO observations. The use of reflected rays
may increase the accuracy of the retrieval of the atmospheric refractivity.
Reflected rays can be identified by the visual inspection of WDF or
spectrogram plots. Numerous examples from COSMIC data indicate that
reflections are mostly observed over oceans or snow, in particular over
Antarctica. We introduce the reflection index that characterizes the relative
intensity of the reflected ray with respect to the direct ray. The index
allows for the automatic identification of events with reflections. We use
the radio holographic estimate of the errors of the retrieved bending angle
profiles of reflected rays. A comparison of indices evaluated for a large
base of events including the visual identification of reflections indicated
a good agreement with our definition of reflection index.
Effects of short-term variability of meteorological variables on soil temperature in permafrost regions
Authors: Beer Christian , Porada Philipp , Ekici Altug , Brakebusch Matthias
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Effects of the short-term temporal variability of meteorological variables on
soil temperature in northern high-latitude regions have been investigated.
For this, a process-oriented land surface model has been driven using an
artificially manipulated climate dataset. Short-term climate variability
mainly impacts snow depth, and the thermal diffusivity of lichens and
bryophytes. These impacts of climate variability on insulating surface layers
together substantially alter the heat exchange between atmosphere and soil.
As a result, soil temperature is 0.1 to 0.8 ∘C higher when
climate variability is reduced. Earth system models project warming of the
Arctic region but also increasing variability of meteorological variables and
more often extreme meteorological events. Therefore, our results show that
projected future increases in permafrost temperature and active-layer
thickness in response to climate change will be lower (i) when taking into
account future changes in short-term variability of meteorological variables
and (ii) when representing dynamic snow and lichen and bryophyte functions in
land surface models.
Thomas Stringer, Locke, Shaftesbury, and Edward Clarke
Authors: Clarke Bridget
Published: March 2018

Two things changed Thomas Stringer’s career as an unremarkable lawyer and steward to a country gentleman; first, the ambition of his master, Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper, who became Earl of Shaftesbury in 1672 and was one of the great statesmen of the age, and secondly that he became a close friend and correspondent of John Locke. As a result Stringer was at the centre of significant events, involved in Colonial Trade and Prince Rupert’s Great Gunnes, quarrelling with Locke over his portrait and having a life- long family friendship with Edward Clarke MP, whose children were the subject of Locke’s book Some Thoughts Concerning Education. This article, based on the Shaftesbury papers in the Hampshire Record Office and Clarke’s papers in the Somerset Record Office, will shed light on Stringer’s life and his acquisition of some political importance in the Exclusion crisis, as it is claimed that he drafted the Exclusion Bill; and also on some of Locke’s activities.
John Locke's Covenant Theology
Authors: Tetlow Joanne
Published: March 2018

That Locke propounded a covenant theology in The Reasonableness of Christianity (1695) is a fact that deserves more attention than it has received. Indeed, given the number and variety of scholarly writings on Locke, the lack of attention is striking. One explanation is the modern animus against theology itself. Another is that the role of Christianity generally in Locke’s thinking has been, and to some extent still is, a matter of some contention in Locke studies. By paying Locke’s covenant theology its due, this article aims to cast new light on the place of Christianity in Locke’s thought, and on the theological assumptions in which his view of Christianity was anchored.
Videoclip de autor. El concepto de cine de autor y su aplicación al estilo del vídeo musical
Authors: Rodríguez López Jennifer
Published: March 2018

El cine de autor defiende la figura del director como centro creativo y núcleo del proceso fílmico. Dicho concepto se encuentra establecido en la Historia del Cine desde su surgimiento en la década de los cincuenta junto al movimiento de la Nouvelle Vague. Este fenómeno cinematográfico se adapta a las características del vídeo musical creando el videoclip de autor, definido como aquellos en los que se manifiesta el estilo del realizador en detrimento de otros factores de creación estética como el propio cantante o el tema musical que actúa como base. En este artículo se plantean los rasgos de dicha teoría extrapolables al vídeo musical y se muestran las similitudes e influencias entre el cine y el videoclip en cuanto al estilo y la personalidad artística. Los objetivos propuestos son la aplicación de los conceptos de autor y de estilo al vídeo musical, y de forma específica, la creación e implantación de la categoría de videoclip de autor para la mejora del estudio de este formato. La metodología utilizada se basa en la descripción y en la exposición objetiva de la teoría cinematográfica así como de las características del videoclip, y la posterior extrapolación y comparación entre ambas producciones audiovisuales. Se concluye la relación de las nociones de autor y de estilo con los rasgos propios del vídeo musical realizados por directores que plasman sus personalidades artísticas en estas creaciones que combinan imágenes y música con un gran efectismo y experimentación. Igualmente, se trata de poner en valor la figura del director clip de un modo equiparable al prestigio del director de cine.
Génesis y formalización del toque religioso en los documentales agrarios del Marqués de Villa-Alcázar
Authors: Poyato Sánchez Pedro
Published: March 2018

Una de las características de la obra cinematográfica del Marqués de Villa-Alcázar es la presencia en ella de lo que el propio Marqués llamaba “toque espiritual o religioso”. El presente trabajo se interesa por el análisis de ese toque desde su escritura en el guión hasta, pasado el preceptivo proceso de censura, su formalización en el filme, con el fin de constatar su recurrencia en unas cuantas producciones marquesianas pertenecientes a épocas distintas del régimen franquista.
El Radiosketch en España. De la narrativa tradicional a la participación de las audiencias
Authors: Gómez Martínez Pedro Javier , Garrido Pintado Pablo
Published: March 2018

En este artículo se exponen los resultados de un análisis realizado sobre más de un centenar de sketches radiofónicos con la finalidad de extraer algunas consecuencias sobre la evolución de este formato y su papel actual en la comunicación radiofónica. Los materiales analizados proceden de dos importantes cadenas de ámbito nacional y de una plataforma de contenidos en formato podcast. Los objetivos principales del estudio fueron delimitar las actuales fórmulas del formato radiosketch, su evolución y su tendencia; así como comprender su relación con los hechos de actualidad para establecer finalmente algunas claves funcionales de su comunicación. Se utilizaron metodologías cuantitativas para la clasificación de los contenidos encontrados y metodologías descriptivas basadas en el análisis textual para definir sus claves narrativas. El estudio se focaliza en la relación crítica entre el contenido del sketch y la realidad aludida que se satiriza en él. Según los resultados obtenidos, se detectan nuevas fórmulas de aproximación a los valores de las audiencias a través del sketch, mediante el forzado de la fórmula tradicional de guión cerrado con personajes y diálogos definidos, y su sustitución por la fórmula de guión abierto, donde el humorista plantea una situación insólita y favorece su evolución impredecible y en muchos casos extrema. Se analiza la relación entre los sketches que utilizan la imagen pública de celebridades de la vida política, los que aluden a celebridades de otros ámbitos y los que se centran en la descripción de estereotipos sociales para, finalmente, valorar los aspectos críticos de la realidad que en cada uno de ellos se propone.
Feminidades nomádicas en la fotografía del siglo XX
Authors: Felten Uta
Published: March 2018

Este artículo analiza las estrategias subversivas que, a través de la fotografía, se articulan como espacio común en la creación de mujeres artistas durante el siglo XX. Para ello se recurre a ejemplos clave que abarcan distintos momentos de la creación artística del pasado siglo: Claude Cahun, Cindy Sherman y Ouka Leele. Las tres artistas se toman como ejemplo representativo de las prácticas contradiscursivas del nomadismo. Una estrategia, como se pretende demostrar, que se niega a la concepción de identidades fijas para substituirlas por un juego de máscaras al infinito que deconstruye de modo irónico los modelos y mitos del discurso patriarcal y su mirada heteronormativa.
Influence of Pesticide on Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in Beninese Vegetable Farmers
Authors: AYI-FANOU Lucie
Published: March 2018

In several countries, a lot of researches have shown the toxicity of pesticides on farmers. Meanwhile, few of them have dealt with vegetable farmers in Benin. Therefore, this study has been carried out to assess the effects of pesticides on vegetable farmers’ health. This study is conducted on 30 vegetable farmers who used pesticides and 20 subjects as control group. Pesticides used by vegetable farmers and their risky behavior were investigated. Their blood samples were collected and some tests were performed for hematological and biochemical parameters. For the statistical analysis of the results, Student’s test was used. Our investigations revealed that vegetable farmers of Benin were exposed to different active ingredients of pesticides such as (Abamectin, Acetamiprid, Chlorpyriphos ethyl, Cyfluthrin, Cypermethrin, Emamectin benzoat, Flubendiamid, Lambdacyhalothrin, Mancozeb, Profenofos, Spinosad and Spirotétramate). The hematological parameters showed significant decrease in White blood cell (WBC), Red blood cell (RBC), Hemoglobin (HGB), Hematocrit (HTC), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Platelet (PLT) count among study group. The enzymatic activities of Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) have significantly raised between vegetable farmers and the control group, while the serum concentration in urea and creatinine showed insignificant difference in the study group. These results suggest that pesticides have adverse effects on vegetable farmers of South of Benin.
ESTUDO DA RIGIDEZ ROTACIONAL DE VIGAS MISTAS DE AÇO E CONCRETO CONTÍNUAS COM LAJES DE CONCRETO ARMADO
Authors: Dietrich Mateus Zimmer , Calenzani Adenilcia fernanda Grobério , Oliveira Janaína Pena Soares , Fakury Ricardo Hallal
Published: March 2018

Nas vigas mistas de aço e concreto contínuas, nas regiões de momento negativo, deve ser verificado o estado limite último de flambagem lateral com distorção (FLD). A norma brasileira de projeto de estruturas mistas de aço e concreto, ABNT NBR 8800:2008, fornece um procedimento aproximado para verificação desse estado limite com base no comportamento do mecanismo “U” invertido. O momento resistente à FLD é obtido a partir do momento crítico elástico de um modelo analítico constituído pelo perfil de aço e uma mola de rigidez igual à rigidez rotacional da viga mista, que simula o comportamento do mecanismo “U” invertido. Neste trabalho, modelos numéricos foram desenvolvidos, via método dos elementos finitos, para se estudar o comportamento das vigas mistas contínuas de alma plana em regiões de momento negativo, com ênfase na determinação da rigidez rotacional dessas vigas e avaliação do procedimento adotado pela ABNT NBR 8800:2008 para sua obtenção. Foram avaliadas as contribuições das rigidezes rotacionais do perfil de aço com alma plana, da laje maciça em concreto armado e da conexão de cisalhamento, com 1 ou 2 conectores tipo pino com cabeça. Conclusões a respeito dos fatores que influenciam o valor da rigidez rotacional da viga mista foram obtidas.