bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VII.—“Analysis of Stilbite of an unusual form, from Faröe”
Authors: Heddle
Published: December 2006

At the foot of the terminal and almost inaccessible cliff of the hill—name unknown—which towers immediately to the south west of the harbour of Waii or Hoiwig, in Bordöe, Faröe, the writer obtained the specimen—a single one—of which the following is an analysis:

The island of Bordöe, like the most of Faröe, is built up of strata of bedded trap with mural cliffs, which alternate with terraces of grass clad debris. At this part of the island, the terraced trap consists of a wackenitic “claystone,” which is very friable, light in colour, easily disintegrated, and in places tufaceous in aspect. Its amygdaloidal druses are very few and far between.
II.—Analysis of a Serpentine from Japan
Authors: Church A. H.
Published: December 2006

Quite recently I obtained from an importation of Japauesa curiosities two pairs of chop-sticks which were catalogued and sold as jade. Under this name arc often included, not only the true jade or nephrite, with a hardness of 6 and a specific gravity approaching 8, but also three other mineral species. Of these jadente is not only harder but heavier than jade : prehnite differs but slightly from jade in either of these characters; while flour, the remaining species referred to, has a hardness of 4 only. Had the specimens to which I now direct attention belonged to any of the foregoing species, they would have been worthy of notice on account of their extraordinary size, or rather length, and also by reason of the beauty of their appearance. But after I had determined these objects to be serpentine, I thought some particulars as to their characteristics might prove of service in identifying one of the materials employed in oriental art.
IV.—Examination of the Hydrous Constituent in Minerals
Authors: Hannay J. B.
Published: December 2006

In a paper lately communicated to the Chemical Society, I endeavoured to show that an exact examination of the rate at which water was expelled from hydrated substances at any constant temperature, might teach us much as to the constitution of these bodies. One of the bodies examined was the mineral Gypsum, which has been found in three different states—first, in its most usual form as Ca SO4, 2 H2O, or as it should be written 2 Ca SO4, 4 H2O as iu selenite ; second as 2 Ca SO4, H2O in which three of the molecules of water have disappeared, as in certain un-namcd forms of Anhydrite ; and third as Ca SO4 as in Anhydrite. Now these three can also be obtained by artificial means ; the second being found in steam boilers where the water is evaporated under pressure; so I made several attempts to obtain the other two possible hydrates, 2 Ca SO4 3 H2O, and 2 Ca SO4, 2 H2O by evaporating solutions Under different pressures, but I could obtain no satisfactory results.
V.—On an easily constructed form of Reflecting Goniometer
Authors: Hannay J. B.
Published: December 2006

About two years ago, while working at the crystalline form of a number of chemical substances of which I could obtain only small quantities, and in consequence minute crystals, I found that a great deal of time and trouble were lost in consequence of having the use of only one goniometer. When a crystal was fixed in its place by canada balsam and carefully centred,—a tedious operation when carried on under the microscope, as I had generally to do,— its angles measured and description noted, I found I often wanted to keep it for comparison, but before another could be examined, the first had to be taken off and half an hour spent before the second could be got into a satisfactory position, the first being very often spoilt in being removed, or even if still entire, much time must be lost before it can again be referred to. Now the possession of half a dozen instruments would obviate all this, but few chemists can afford the luxury of such a number of goniometers, and unfortunately so few possess one at all that it is seldom that such a thing can be borrowed.
VI.—Notes on Vauquelinite from Scotland, and Cantonite from Cornwall
Authors: Davies Thos.
Published: December 2006

Whilst detaching a small crystal of leadhillite for examination with the polariseope, from a specimen brought from the Leadhills, Lanarkshire, which came into my possession some years ago, I observed one side of the mass to be more or less encrusted with a thin drusy coating, which, from its hardness and streak, I was led to suspect might be either the above species, or Laxmannite, described in 1868 by Nordenskiöld in the Journ. f. prakt, chem. of that year.

The bulk of the specimen consists of massive greenish pyromorphito mingled with cerussite, upon this occurs the vauquelinite. The remaining minerals are lanarkite, leadhillite, caledonite in tufts of minute acicular crystals, massive black eerussite and quartz.
VIII.—Further notes on the Oxides of Iron, enclosed in Quartz, at Mwyndy, Glamorganshire
Authors: Vivian Wm.
Published: December 2006

Since my communication on this subject published in the first number of the Mineralogical Magazine, I have made further observations, and have found other specimens greatly varying, but all embodying the same general principle of solid quartz enclosing the oxides of iron.

The quartz is perfectly solid, breaking with its usual eonchoidal fracture, and though richly colored with the oxides of iron disseminated through it in beautiful forms, is itself transparent, so that the forms and colors of the iron are well seen. The colors are various shades of red, yellow, amber, grey, &c., and [hose colors are distributed in well-defined forms, and not in mere tints as in the case of amethyst, &c.
IX.—Notes on the Occurrence of Chlorite among the Lower Silurian Volcanic Rocks of the English Lake District
Authors: Clifton Ward J.
Published: December 2006

The Volcanic Rocks of Lower Silurian age in the Lake District are interesting in the highest degree on many accounts, and not least so on that of the extreme metamorphism which they have undergone, partly by the deep burial they suffered during the period between the close of the Lower Silurian and the Old Red, when they were once more largely uncovered, and partly by that neverceasing action of infiltration, decomposition, solution and replacement to which all rocks are subject during the course of geological time, but to which rocks of an originally volcanic origin seem specially subject.

If there is one feature in this metamorphism of the Cumberland rocks more prorainent than another, it is the large degree to which chlorite has been developed among them, and the universality of its occurrence.
XI.—Notes on some North American Pyrrhotites, and other Minerals containing Nickel
Authors: How Henry
Published: December 2006

It is a well-known fact that Pyrrhotite, or Magnetic Iron Pryrites, frequently, if not invariably, contains nickel, generally with cobalt in various proportions, amounting together from traces, up to nearly six per cent., and that most of the nickel of commerce is derived from this mineral

The following notes contain in the first place the results of the examination of a few varieties of pyrrhotite, occurring in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and the United States, chiefly with reference to presence or amount of nickel and cobalt, and they shew also that remarkable differences exist in the intensity of the magnetism displayed, which ranges from distinct polarity in the mass, down to very iceble attraction by a magnet in the finely powdered state of the mineral, and further, that the most feebly magnetic of the specimens examined is that containing the largest per centage of nickel. The subsequent notes relate to other species from h~ova Scotia and Newfoundland.
Address, &c.
Authors: Sorby H. C.
Published: December 2006

In commencing the proceedings of the second Annual Meeting of the Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, allow me to express the pleasure which it gives me to be present here to-day, and my regret that I was not able to attend the first meeting last year at Glasgow. I feel it to be incumbent on me to give some opening address, but at the same time it must not be long, since many other subjects claim attention.

In the first place I think I may well congratulate the Society on its present condition, and contrast it with some of the predictions made little more than a year ago. We were told by men well-known in the mineralogical world that no such Society as our own could possibly be established—that, even if it could, it would be of no use, unless it published a Journal—which it most certainly never could afford.
I.—On the Microscopic Structure of Luxullianité
Authors: Bonney T. G.
Published: December 2006

So far as I am aware no account of the microscopic structure of this rare and beautiful rock has yet been published. I have, therefore, thought that a brief description of its structure and some considerations concerning the origin of tourmaline rocks may be of interest to petrologists.

Boulders of the rock, as is well known, are abundant in the vicinity of the village of Luxullian (about five miles from the town of St. Austell, Cornwall), where I collected specimens in tho autumn of 1873; but I believe the rock itself has never been discovered in situ, though veins of different varieties of tourmaline rock are abundant in the granite of this and other districts in Cornwall, some of which occasionally rather resemble it, and the mineral frequently occurs in the granite itself, the felsite cleans, and the altered sedimentary rocks.
II.—Note on the Serpentine of Duporth, in St. Austell Bay, Cornwall
Authors: Collins J. H.
Published: December 2006

The Geological Survey Map of CornwalI shews, to the south of the town of St. Austell, several patches of “greenstone,” extending from near the ancient earthwork called Trethullan Castle, on the west, to the sea at St. Austell Bay in the east ; a distance of over four miles.

The western end of the most extensive of these patches swells ont on the top of the hill to the north-east of St. Mewan Church, so as to cover several hundred acres (including some of the best land in the parish). This was described by Mr. J. Arthur Phillips some years since in the Philosophical Magazine. Mr. Phillips speaks of the rock as being distinctly crystalline, consisting of felspar (sometimes triclinic) ; semi-transparent yellowish-brown crystals, probably hornblende ; a green fibrous mineral also believed to be a variety of hornblende ; many black grains of oxide of iron and a few hexagonal crystals, probably apatite ; and he says the rock exhibits unmistakeable evidence of extensive alteration. Speaking of its extension eastward, he says “it extends in diminished proportions in a southeasterly direction to the sea at Duporth.”
III.—Note on Duporthite, a new Asbestiform Mineral
Authors: Collins J. H.
Published: December 2006

This mineral occurs in fibrous masses occupying fissures or shrinkage cracks in the serpentine of Duporth, near St. Austell, Cornwall. The thickest veins I have seen are not more than 1 1/2 inches. The fibres are placed transversely across the vein, making generally an angle with the walls of about 70°, so that the crystallization is probably oblique.

The mineral is greenish to brownish gray, has a silky lustre, H about 2 and Sp. Gr. 2.78 : insoluble in HCl, but the iron and magnesia are slowly dissolved out.

Thin fibres are flexible like asbestos. Heated in a matrass the mineral gives off a little water, and becomes lighter coloured ; in forceps thin fibres fuse to a dark glass in the hottest part of the flame. The spectroscope shews the sodium and calcium lines distinctly, but no trace of potassium or lithium.
III.—On Bowlingite, a new Scottish Mineral
Authors: Hannay J. B.
Published: December 2006

In a recently exposed part of a quarry at Bowling, on the Clyde, my friend Mr. John Young, F.G.S., noticed a vein from an inch and half to half an inch in thickness, of a deep green mineral having the hardness and peculiar feeling of stealite, and having secured a good sample he forwarded it to me for analysis. It occurs filling a clean sided fisure on the north side of the quarry. The rock is described by Mr. Samuel Allport, F.G.S., as follows :-

“At Bowling, on the North bank of the Clyde, three miles east of Dumbarton, the rock forming the “Hill of Dun,” is a coarse crystalline dolerite, varying in colour from brownish black to black, with distinct crystals of augite, olivine, and felspar diseminated through it. This porphyritic structure is well seen in thin sections. The base is rather finely crystalline and consists of small crystals or grains of the above mentioned constituents, together with numerous grains of magnetite. The large crystals of plagioclase are clear and beautifully striated, they frequently contain glass cavities, and here and there portions, of the base have been enclosed in them . . . . This rock affords excellent examples of serpentinous pseudomorphs after olivine in various stages of formation; the crystalline forms are unusually perfect, and the gradual encroachmeut of the serpentinous matter on the clear olivine may be very well seen. In one of the sections—microscopic—an old fracture has been filled with serpentine, thus forming a vein which traverses some of the large felspar crystals and the surrounding base. A few cavities are also filled with the same substance.”
XII. Further improvements in studying the optical characters of Minerals
Authors: Sorby H. C.
Published: December 2006

In the following short paper I propose to describe what I have lately done in improving the method of studying the optical characters of the minerals which I treated at greater length in my address last year at annual meeting at Plymouth.

It is a curious example of how a method may be invented, and then lost sight of, that the determination of the index of refraction in the way there described was proposed by a French savant upwards of a hundred years ago. I have not yet consulted the original publication, but I very strongly suspect that the proposal was more theoretical than practical, and that with the instruments then at disposal the results were found to be so inexact that the whole system became obsolete and practically forgotten.
XIII. The Geognosy and Mineralogy of Scotland
Authors: Heddle
Published: December 2006

This lies to the south of Unst ; it is interesting as forming the connecting link which unites the rock masses of Fetlar with those of Unst.

Its western extremity is composed of diallagic rocks, containing crystals of that mineral (Hb) very inferior to those of Balta : its middle portion consists of various rocks of the "chloritic series" ; towards the east there is seen a bed of graphitic slate (H) quite similar to, and doubtless the continuation of one which appears near Trista V oe in Fetlar.
XVI. On so-called Green Garnets, from the Urals
Authors: Church A. H.
Published: December 2006

Some extremely beautiful but rather soft gems of various green hues have been extensively sold during the last year or two. They are found in the gold washings of the river Bobrowska, near Poldnewaja, district of Syssersk, in the Urals, and occur in the form of nodular masses, varying in size from a pea to a chestnut. These closely resemble the jelletite from Monte Rosa. All the specimens which I have examined present a roughly radiate structure, are irregularly fissured and veined, and are coated with a talcose mineral, glistening and nearly white. The exposed uninjured surfaces of the nodules are minutely and unevenly striated. The mineral shows no cleavages, but the broken surfaces have a resinous or semi-adamantine lustre, and show a small conchoidal fracture.
XIX. Pilolite, an unrecognised species
Authors: Heddle
Published: December 2006

One and all of the writers who notice the substance or substances which have received the trivial names of mountain cork and mountain leather, agree in placing them among the fibrous amphiboles, intermediate between asbestus and rock wood.

In a monograph of the hornblendes, lately published in the Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, I have indicated that the above view was probably incorrect ; and having, since that monograph was issued, obtained and analysed several specimens from other localities, I now propose to show that this is a substance distinct from amphibole, and from any any other known mineral.
XX. Crystals of Iron
Authors: Beardsley Amos
Published: December 2006

At the General Meeting of the Society held at the rooms of the Royal Microscopical Society, King's College, London, on March 14th, 1877, were exhibited some octahedral crystals of iron, which were procured from a hollow cavity in the middle of a bar of pig iron. The way in which they came into my possession was this.

A friend was walking on the Docks at Liverpool some years ago, watching a vessel being unloaded, which had arrived freighted with pig iron from Gartsherrie. These pigs were lifted by cranes, and one accidentally slipped, and dropped on to its end, and was fractured in two pieces, showing a cavity about the size of a duck's egg, and his attention was drawn to some bright lustrous objects which he saw roll out of the cavity. These he at once picked up, and found they were crystals of the metal, octahedral in shape, and about ⅗ of an inch in size.
II.―On some specimens of Gabbro from the Pennine Alps
Authors: Bonney T. G.
Published: December 2006

Some time since Capt. Marshall Hall called our attention to Arolla, in the Pennine Alps, as a locality interesting to mineralogists. I venture, then, to offer you a brief note on one-of its rocks, collected during a visit in the summer of 1875.

At the head of the Combe d' Arolla rises the grand mass of the Mount Colon, a truncate cone of precipitous rock, dominating the glaciers of Vuibez and Arolla, which, after sweeping down from the watershed of the Pennine chain, unite into one stream at its base. The highest point of its snowy cap is 12,264 feet above the sea. In the Swiss geological map the greater part of the mountain is coloured as gabbro, and the same rock forms a small peak near the head of the Otemma glacier on the S.W., and the S.W. flank of the Dents de Bertol to the N.E.
IV. On Mineral Classification
Authors: Collins J. H.
Published: December 2006

The difficulty of devising a natural classification of minerals has been recognized by most mineralogical writers, and up to the present time no very satisfactory arrangement has been generally adopted. In the classification of the animal and vegetable kingdoms, although the systems have greatly varied from time to time, something like uniformity has pretty generally existed ever since Linnaeus proposed his famous system of double nomenclature ; but in mineralogy every writer does that which is right in his own eyes—not because there is no king—but because they are many and mutually antagonistic.
VI. On a new Manganesian Garnet
Authors: Heddle M. F.
Published: December 2006

In the course of an examination of such Scottish garnets as were pure enough for analysis, I found that four had a composition which was very similar, but which differed from that of any known, and that to an extent entitling them to be regarded as constituting a well-marked variety.

These garnets, from their purity of colour and transparency, would all be classed as precious garnets–they are, indeed, the most brilliantly coloured which the northern portion of the kingdom affords.
X. Notes on Cornish Mineral Localities
Authors: Collins J. H.
Published: December 2006

The following brief notes may be of some interest to students of Cornish Mineralogy.

1 st.—New Localities.

Scheelite.—This occurs as a partial replacement of Wolfram at East Pool Mine, where it was first noticed by Mr. Cornelius Beringer, of Redruth, an Associate Member of this Society. Hitherto it has only been found at Pengelly Croft, Huel Mandlin, and Levant Mine, in Cornwall, and at Huel Friendship, in Devon.
XI. Observations on Crystallogenesis
Authors: von Hauer Carl Ritter
Published: December 2006

The number of planes is extremely variable in many crystals. Those of the same substance produced under modified conditions, even when issuing from the same solution, are occasionally very different in this respect. Generally the forms become less complicated and the number of planes diminishes, a certain number Of them definitely disappearing, during the crystal's increase in volume. Such transitory planes are very frequently defective in parallelism.

Two kinds of planes may be distinguished on crystals of any system ; some which are constant, others which may be termed variable; the latter being occasionally wanting, are in other cases very numerous.
I. Contributions Towards a History of British Meteorites
Authors: Hall Townshend M.
Published: December 2006

As the rare descent of Meteorites or Aërolites affords us the only real tangible evidence we possess respecting the mineral constituents which exist beyond the limits of our own globe, a great degree of interest must always be attached to these stray visitors ; and although much has been written on the subject at different times, it has hitherto taken the form either of a bare catalogue of the date and place of occurrence ; or of scattered notices dealing only with individual cases. My desire is to collect these various records as far as they relate to each meteoric stone which has been known, or has been said to have fallen in Great Britain, and to endeavour to give as complete an account as possible of every instance; including not only the historical facts, but also notices Of mineralogical observations and references to authorities.
II. The Geognosy and Mineralogy of Scotland
Authors: Heddle
Published: December 2006

This is a mere fragment of gneissic rocks which is imbedded between the granite of Roeness and the igneous rock which lies to the east : but so different are these entrapped rocks from the ordinary gneiss of Shetland, and so violent a twist do they seem to have received athwart of their normal strike, that the enquiry rises-whence did this fragment come ?

A spectator looking west from the top of Ornsfield, gazes seaward upon a mere heap of ruins ; while, looking landward, he also sees little else,-so riven and twisted are the rocks by the intrusion of dykes of porphyry, and so shattered and toppling from the invasion of the sea.
VI. Preliminary Notice of Substances Which may prove to be New Minerals
Authors: Heddle
Published: December 2006

At Mr. Collins's request I submit to the members of the Mineralogical Society the following preliminary notice of substances which I have collected during" my somewhat extensive wanderings about Scotland.

In the case of several of the substances described, it will be seen that I do not by any means bring them forward as being without doubt new minerals; of that, I have not satisfied myself, and still less can I hope to satisfy others, until specimens more fitted for absolute deterrmination are obtained, and that in a quantity larger than what I have as yet had to operate upon.

The noting and describing these substances now, will enable others to lend their aid in the work.
III. On some Gold Occurrences
Authors: Clifton Ward Rev. J.
Published: December 2006

Some time since Prof. Ruskin kindly sent me a specimen of goldquartz brought from New Zealand by Mr. H. A. Severn, giving me leave to cut thin slices for the microscope, and asking me to examine the same. The result seems to me of some interest, and Mr. Ruskin has kindly consented to my bringing it before the Mineralogical Society, together with a notice of a strangely beautiful gold occurrence, described by Mr. Severn as disclosed by blasting in one of the New Zealand gold reefs.
XIV.–Preliminary Note on old Rhyolites from Bouley Bay, Jersey, &c
Authors: Davies Thos.
Published: December 2006

The examination of the rhyolite exhumed by Dr. Henry Hicks, F.G.S., from the conglomerate of the Pebidian formation of St. Davids, Pembrokeshire (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., May., 1878, p. 153), recalled to my mind certain rocks from other localities which bad found a place in the large and important petrological collection in the British Museum, which I thought might prove to belong to the same group. Among these, some fragments brought from Bouley Bay, Jersey, by Wm. Carruthers, Esq., F.R.S., whose attention they attracted, interested me especially. It was found, however, that they had not been collected with the view of illustrating the rock in all its varieties, so further examination was postponed until an opportunity occurred to procure more material.
XVIII.–Experiments on the Elasticity of Crystals
Authors: Milne John
Published: December 2006

When we look at a collection of crystals we see that they can be divided into groups according to their symmetry. Thus, one group the members of which form the cubical system, have a symmetry in three directions at right angles to each other ; that is to say we shall find similarly arranged planes at the extremity of three properly chosen axes. In other groups the symmetry is not so perfect. Thus, in the tetragonal system we find that the symmetry in the direction of the principal axis is different to the symmetry in the direction of the lateral axes.
XXIII.–On the Occurrence of Celestine in New Red Marl, near Sidmouth
Authors: Perceval Spencer George
Published: December 2006

Whilst staying at Sidmouth, in 1877, I discovered the occurrence of Celestine, Sulphate of Strontian, in cavities of Red Marl lined with crystals of Calcite, occurring in masses which had fallen from the cliff on to the shore, under the summit of Peak Hill. It appears in the form of crystals, occasionally one inch in length, which occur singly or in groups, presenting a tabular, prismato-tabular, or prismatic form,—in the latter case resembling the Barytes Crystals of Alston Moor,—and are either simple, or form compound aggregations of considerable size. In colour they are blue, wine-yellow, or of an olive-yellow hue, and as regards form, brilliancy, and transparency, surpass in beauty any examples of this mineral that I have hitherto seen. A series of the choicest specimens collected by me are exhibited in the Museum of Practical Geology, Jermyn Street.
II. The Geognosy and Mineralogy of Scotland
Authors: Heddle
Published: December 2006

“A monotony of external configuration affords” says Geikie, “a good indication of the sameness of the geology”; and a country which is devoid of scenic interest, however well it may in a few cases fill the pockets of the metallurgist, will assuredly never satisfy the cravings of the scientific mineralogist.

A land of diverse formations, gashed by rivers, gouged by glaciers, cleft by faults, and hitched about by slips,—with its mountains never of the same mind as regards the fashion of their contours, tossed hither and thither as if they had been kicking about in chaos,—in such a land, he who would learn from the pages of nature may rest assured that he has much to read.
V. On a new face on crystals of Stilbite, from two localities
Authors: Heddle
Published: December 2006

Many years ago I observed upon crystals of the red stilbite, which was at one time obtained near Loch Humphrey, and at the Long Cray, in Dumbartonshire, a face which is between r and a of Brooke and Miller.

More lately I have observed a face which also lay in the same position upon the crystals of a specimen ticketted as from Farrugaric-Wuardi, near Mount Nombi, west side of Wellington Plains, Australia.

In none of the specimens which I have, was this face very smooth; and having failed to obtain better, I now note it, though the measurement can be little better than an approximation.
VI. On Portable Chemical Apparatus for Quantitative Mineral Analysis
Authors: Arnold A. E.
Published: December 2006

Towards the end of the last century one Professor Göttling, who taught chemistry in the schools of Jena, conceived the idea of preparing a portable chest of chemistry, or complete, collection of Chemical Tests. Chemical knowledge being in those days somewhat limited, we are not surprised to find that the contents of the chest could be stowed within a space nine inches square by twelve deep.

This cosmopolitan collection was intended for the use of chemists, physicians, mineralogists, scientific artists, manufacturers, farmers, and the cultivators of natural philosophy. The tests were prepared by a Mr. Hunneman, a friend of the author, and pupil of Klaproth and Hermbstaedt of Berlin; and were put up in thirty five glass bottles and some small wooden boxes.
VII. Further Notes on Mineral Growth
Authors: Readwin T. A.
Published: December 2006

When I read my first paper on “Recent Mineral-growth at ordinary temperatures” under (what we, perhaps, rather carelessly call) “ordinary conditions,” I was met with the reasonable remark that, time enough had not elapsed for me to be certain of my facts.

Since then, I have had more than three years of affectionate watching in my “Gold-garden” (as Mr. Ruskin pleasantly calls it); and I am glad to say that the interim has been productive of some new and striking spontaneous changes; which, for convenience of expression, I continue to term “mineral-growth.”

I have before me a number of mineralogical facts of much interest, and I propose to notice first, some recent alterations in 47 of the specimens described in the paper referred to; and then to add a few short notes of similar changes in 35 specimens, not therein alluded to.
X. On certain Crystallized products, formed in smelting operations
Authors: Terrill W.
Published: December 2006

Crystals have often been accidentally produced in the various processes of smelting, having the form and composition, or nearly so, of natural minerals; and have been from time to time described in the scientific journals. Some few, however, which have come under my notice have not been, so far as I am aware, previously described; and as the importance to mineralogy of a due regard to the nature of such crystals, as well as the conditions under which they may have been formed, is beyond question, I avail myself of this opportunity to lay before the Mineralogical Society specimens of the few products to which I allude, and to explain the circumstances of their formation:—

Specimen No. 1 contains some dark green crystals of arseniate of copper, resembling in appearance native olivenite. Before the blowpipe on charcoal these crystals melted easily, then, with a sort of deflagration, gave off copious arsenical fumes incrusting the charcoal, and yielded a button of metallic copper.
XII. Action of Organic Acids on Minerals
Authors: Carrington Bolton H.
Published: December 2006

Chemists have long employed the commoner organic acids, especially acetic, oxalic, tartaric, and citric acids in mineral analysis, but with few exceptions they have overlooked the application of these acids to the decomposition of minerals. Acetic acid has been used to separate minerals from their matrix of calcite ; Karsten (Archiv. of Min. XXII, 572) and Sterry Hunt have used it in the proximate analyses of mixtures of calcite, dolomite, and magnesite; calamine and willemite are sometimes distinguished by the gelatinization of the former with the same acid ; Dr. J. Lawrence Smith (Am. J. Sci., [2] XX, 244) has noticed the solubility of anglesite in ammonium citrate ; W. B. snd R. E. Rogers (Am. J. Sci., 1848) have made experiments on the solubility of minerals in water containing carbonic anhydride ; but there is no record of any systematic investigation of the action of organic acids on minerals with a view to the determination of species.
XVII. On Brochantite and its associations
Authors: Semmons W.
Published: December 2006

The large series of combinations of copper with sulphuric acid found in mineral veins, present many features which call for attentive study.

Some of the series, as Chalcanthite and Pisanite, are easily soluble in water, while others, as Brochantite and the members of the group allied to it, are insoluble therein, and the solubility seems to run in parallel lines with the percentage of copper.

The “Basic ” sulphates have of late received considerable notice, and English mineralogists must remember with pleasure that the masterly essay by Prof. Maskelyne “On the minerals of the Brochantite group,” gave us for the first time a clear insight into the characters of some of its constituents. This elaborate, paper shewed that the ortho-rhombic varieties were clearly entitled to be divided into distinct mineral species.
On some Minerals from the Sodalite-Syenite in Juliane-haab district, south Greenland
Authors: Lorenzen Joh.
Published: December 2006

It is well known to mineralogists, that Giesecke, who in the years 1806—13 travelled in Greenland, brought home from Julianehaab district some new minerals, which he handed over to the Copenhagen Museums. In 1853-4 Dr. Rink supplied the museum of the Copenhagen University with a large collection of the same minerals, mostly in large and fine specimens, and the same collections hove lately received a most valuable and considerable addition, through the travels of Mr. K. J. V. Steanstrup of the Danish Geological Survey of Greenland. Some of these interesting mino.rals, occurring in the Syenite on both sides of the fjords Tunugdliarfik and Kangerdluarsuk, have already long been known, whereas others had elther been not found there before or at least not analysed or described.
I.―Minerals New to Britain
Authors: Heddle
Published: December 2006

A number of minerals not before noticed as occurring in Britain have been described, and corroborative analyses thereof have been given, in the papers which I have, from time to time, published in the Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, and also, though to a smaller extent, in the Mineralogical Magazine.

Those which I now bring forward, have been analysed for the most part for a considerable time; but, as it must of necessity be long before I come to notice them, in their proper place, in my “Geognosy of Scotland,” it is well to announce their occurrence without further delay.
II.―On some Ill-determined Minerals
Authors: Heddle
Published: December 2006

The following substances have, for the most part, passed under the names here assigned to them; but they are themselves either ill-determined, or doubtful species: in some cases the name has been attached to certainly more than one specifically-distinct substance.

From Quiraing in Skye. It occurs in layers of an inch or two in thickness, among the amygdaloids. It is usually of a deep-red colour and has a greasy lustre, but is sometimes earthy and dull.

It falls to pieces in water, and may, by this property, and its uniformly dense structure, be distinguished from the red massive mesolite which sometimes occurs along with it.
A Peculiar Copper Ore from Coombing Cogoper Mine, Carcoar, New South Wales
Authors: Liversidge A.
Published: December 2006

A dark-grey, almost black, copper bearing mineral, somewhat resembling Redruthite in general appearance, but of a duller lustre and considerably harder; the hardness being between 5 and 6. In parts a bronze tint and lustre is apparent. The specimen exhibits neither crystals nor crystalline structure, it breaks with a well marked couchoidal fracture. Lustre somewhat resinous; streak shining.

Heated in a glass tube it gives off water, having a strongly marked acid reaction, from the sulphurous acid which is evolved. Before the blowpipe it does not fuse, colours the flame green, and acquires a dull black colour. Treated with strong boiling nitric acid it is rapidly acted upon, a bronze coloured residue being left, the residue when examined under the microscope presents a honey-combed appearance; the walls of the irregular cellular cavities are pale-brown and translucent and apparently composed of quartz; when the powdered mineral is boiled with nitric acid, a white residue of silica is left.
V.―Note on Artificial crystals of “Specular Iron” formed in a Copper Works Slag
Authors: Terrible W.
Published: December 2006

Since my last communication on Artificial crystals (Min. Mag. No. 19), I have met with some very remarkable crystals formed in a Copper Works Slag which consisted mainly of Cuprous Oxide and Ferric Oxide with a little lime, a product from melting a charge of “copper precipitate.”

The crystals are hexagonal plates, bounded on the edges by the faces of a rhombohedron which roughly measured gives an angle of R : R=86° They arc iron black in color, with a splendent metallic lustre, and contain 50% Ferric Oxide with 45% copper.

Examined under the microscope or even with a strong lens, particles of copper and cuprous oxide are visible in a separate state.
On some Cornish Tin-stones and Tin-capels
Authors: Collins J. H.
Published: December 2006

The Minerals Associates of Cassiterite.--These are much the same in Cornwall as have been observed in other tin-producing districts, as in Saxony, Bohemia, Brittany, Finland, Spain, the Malay Peninsula, Banca, Blitong, Queensland, New South Wales, Tasmania, &c. In the following lists of minerals which are associated with Cassiterite in the different kinds of country-rock in Cornwall, I only refer (a) to those which appear to have been formed contemporaneously with the Cassiterite, and (b) to those which have been observed in immediate contact with it and mostly deposited upon it.
On some Rocks from the Saas-Grat, compared with Erratic Blocks from the neighbourhood of Lake Leman
Authors: Marshall-Hall J. P.
Published: December 2006

The following are chiefly notes of a longer paper read April 5th, 1882, before the Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles.

For some years familiar with the valleys of Anniviers, St. Nieklaus, Zermatt and Saas, the author has made a study of comparison between the above rocks in situ and erratic specimens of the same nature. The want of a laboratory and of more than a travelling microscope with polarising apparatus render his researches so imperfect that a more complete report upon these rocks must be deferred.
On a Recent Hypothesis with Respect to the Diamond Rock of South Africa
Authors: Hudleston W. H.
Published: December 2006

This paper forms part of a communication recently made to the Geologists Association, with some additional matter relative to certain criticisms passed upon Mr. Dunn's hypothesis as to the origin of the diamonds.

It is taken for granted on this occasion that the leading geological facts are known, I will merely, therefore, draw attention to a generalised section of Kimberley Mine, where one side represents the wall or reef bounding the pipe itself, and is thus constituted:—
On the Minerals of the Rio Tinto Mines
Authors: Collins J. H.
Published: December 2006

The great pyrites masses of the Sierra Morena, of which those worked at Rio Tinto are by far the most extensive, may be briefly described as contact deposits, which differ from such as are ordinarily met with only in size; and from ordinary fissure veins only in the circumstance that the cavities in which the minerals occur are bounded by dissimilar rocks.
The Geognosy and Mineralogy of Scotland
Authors: Heddle
Published: December 2006

The granite of the Ord forms one, and that probably the smallest of a number of masses which constitute the border-land between Caithness and Sutherland. The features of this granite vary considerably at different points. It will, however, be afterwards shown that the rock is possibly continuous from north to south,--that is, from Sandsidc Bay, on the Pentland Firth, to Navidale, near Helmsdale.
The Geognosy and Mineralogy of Scotland
Authors: Heddle
Published: December 2006

Having, since file date when the few observations chronicled in a previous number were made, ascertained some more definite facts with regard to these marbles, I now note these.

The localities in which I had previously observed the marble were all (through faulting and intrusions) so obscure as regards its relationships, that any conclusion as to its horizon was not warranted.
On the Tetartohedral Development of a Crystal of Tourmaline
Authors: Solly R. H.
Published: December 2006

In working on the isomorphism of Tourmaline I have been struck by the very peculiar development of a fine crystal from Pierrepont, New York, now in the Cambridge Collection.

The crystal is doubly terminated, of a jet-black colour and splendid lustre. It weighs 814.88 grammes, and measures 1⅙ inch by 1 inch by ½ inch.
Application of the Periodic Law to Mineralogy
Authors: Carnelley Thos.
Published: December 2006

The Periodic Law of the Chemical Elements first foreshadowed by Newlands, and subsequently developed by Mendeleeff and Lothar Meyer, states:—(1) The Properties of the Elements are a Periodic Function of their Atomic Weights. (2) The Properties of the Compounds of the Elements are a Periodic Functiou of the Atomic Weights of their Constituent Elements. This law was explained and illustrated by several examples in the case of both chemical and physical properties, and attention specially directed to the division of the elements, as arranged in Mendeleeff's table (Ann. Chem. Pharm. ; Suppl. 1870-72, p. 151) into odd and even series, and to the somewhat peculiar character of the eighth group of that table. These points were further illustrated by a reference to Lothar Meyer's curve of the elements (Mod. Theor. der Chem.).
On Diatomaceous Deposits in Scotland
Authors: Ivison Macadam W.
Published: December 2006

Deposits of Diatoms have been long known to exist in Scotland, but such deposits have so far always been of limited extent. Specimens for the microscope have been readily obtained from certain localities, such as Peterhead, but the occurrence of large deposits covering great tracts of land was unknown.

In the year 1881 my attention was directed, by Mr. Hamilton Bell, to a white substance he had obtained from the Peat of Aberdeenshire. During April, 1882, I read a short paper before the Edinburgh Geological Society in which I gave the analysis of a sample received from Mr. Bell, with particulars furnished by the Rev. Geo. Davidson, Minister of Logie Coldstone, Dinner, who also kindly furnished a list of the Diatomaceæ he had identified in the deposit. The list contains some 200 species.
On the Age and Origin of the Metallic Veins of the Upper Harz
Authors: Cadell H. M.
Published: December 2006

The Harz Mountains rise from the great plain of secondary and tertiary formations in the western part of Prussia, about 130 miles inland from the seaboard at the mouth of the Elbe. Like the Thüringer Wald and other adjoining ranges, the Harz trends in an approximately east-south-east and west-north-west direction, and resembles on the map an elongated ellipse with a northern flattened side some 50 miles in length. It has been compared to a single mountain with large shoulders, culminating in the celebrated Brocken, 8,746 ft. in height. A line drawn through the Brocken from north to south roughly divides the region into two parts.
On the Occurrence of Prehnite and other Minerals in the Rocks of Samson's Ribs and Salisbury Crags
Authors: Taylor Andrew
Published: December 2006

With little else than the trouble of surveying one of the finest of Edinburgh landscapes, the tourist beginning work amongst the débris just to the south of where Samson's ribs overhang the road, and continuing on the road along Salisbury Crags to Holyrood Palace, will meet with a continuous display of the relations specially of zeolitic minerals, and their containing rocks. If he care to pursue the literature of the subject, Daubrée's investigations on the genesis of zeolites, as well as Allport's, Bonney's, and Geikie's petrological researches into the microscopy of the rocks in question, will suggest oven more lengthened studies.
On Kyanite Localities in the North
Authors: Wallace Thos.
Published: December 2006

The parish of Engie in Banffshire lies on the south shore of the Moray Firth, to the East of the Spey. From the Spey to Buckle on the East the rock is Old lied Sandstone, which extends from the sea inland for about two or two and a half miles. This sandstone area is bounded on the south by a series of clay-slates and mica-schists. Both on the low and high grounds of this little parish, specimens of Kyanite were often picked up, sometimes associated with quartz, and sometimes with the schistose rocks of the district.
Note on Welsh Gold
Authors: Readwin T. A.
Published: December 2006

In " Notes on some Minerals of the Mawddach Valley, Merionethshire," Min. Mag, Vol. III. p. 122, I referred to their general auriferous character; and to the occasional occurrence of flee or native Gold in workable quantity, often in states of Electrum, &c.

Since then I have been experimenting rather large!y with the auriferous lode-stuff and its enclosing Silurian slate-rock, just at its junction with the coarse Cambrian (or, it may be, pre-Cambrian) sandstone, about 1,000 feet up the Gwynfynydd or white mountain, ascending from the beautiful waterfalls known to tourists as Pistyll-y-Cain and Rhiadr Mawddach.
Note on New Locality for Zoisite
Authors: Hamilton Bell W.
Published: December 2006

In the Article "Mineralogy,"in the Encyclopædia Britannica, written by Professor Heddle, of St. Andrew's, that gentleman gives the formula of Zoisite :—

4 CaO, 3 Al2O3, 6 SiO2+H2O.

Alumina 29·8; Lime 24·35; Oxide of Iron 2·8; Silica 40·3; and Water 2·1.) Cleavage, brachy-diagonal, perfect : H=6, G—3·2 to 3·4. White, brownish gray, and dark green. Localities, Glen Urquhart , Dalnein (Grantown), and Alt Gonalan, Inverness-shire ; Sterzing in Tyrol, the San-Alp in Carinthia, the Urals, and Connecticut.
On the Existence of Nickel-iron with Widmannstätten's Figures in the Basalt of North Greenland
Authors: Steenstrup K. J. V.
Published: December 2006

Among the minerals found in meteorites, there is none which has attracted the general notice to such a degree as the metallic nickel-iron, especially from the fact that it has hitherto never been seen for certain in any telluric rocks. Nay, so much stress was laid upon this latter circumstance, that such iron was thought never to occur here on earth without having been carried to us from the outer universe, and ever since Chladni's report on the iron-mass of Pallas, every loose block of iron lying on the surface of the ground, nay, even deeply imbedded in it, has generally been declared to be a meteorite, if it only contained a certain percentage of nickel and, which was not always the case, manifested some crystalline texture, called after the discoverer "Widmannstäitten's figures."
A Chemical Examination of Greenland Telluric Iron
Authors: Lorenzen Joh.
Published: December 2006

When in 1870 Nordenskjöld had made the discovery at Blaafjeld (Ovifak) on the Isle of Disco of the remarkable large iron blocks, there soon, as will be remembered, arose a whole literature on the occurrence and origin of this iron. Although the Danish naturalists had, from the first raised a series of objections against the theory of the meteoric origin of these iron-blocks, the problem of their existence could not be satisfactorily solved without careful geological investigations having been first made into the nature of the whole of the Greenland basalt-formation. Such investigations having been made by Mr. K. J. V. Steenstrup, I was directed by the Danish Commission for the Geological and Geographical Survey of Greenland to make a chemical examination of the materials collected.
On some Specimens of Lava from Old Providence Island
Authors: Bonney T. G.
Published: December 2006

Some mouths since I received from J. G. Grenfell, Esq., of Clifton College, a few small specimens of igneous rock which he had collected in the year 1880 on Old Providence Island. This is an island in the Caribbean Sea about 90 miles off the Mosquito Coast, in lat. 13°26'N, long. 81°18 W. Itis oval in shape, 4½ miles long from N to S, and 2¼ miles wide. Barely separated from it on the North is a little island named Sta. Catalina. Bit. Grenfell describes the main island as mountainous, with three chief peaks, the highest of which rises to 1,190 ft. Spurs from these terminate on the shore in peaked hills from 800 to 700 feet high.