bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduction of the Low Zinc-containing EAF Dust and Coke
Authors:   Department of Materials Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Bui Anh-Hoa ,   No. 1, Dai Co Viet Road, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Nguyen Thi-Ha ,   Department of Materials Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology; No. 1, Dai Co Viet Road, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Nguyen Cao-Son ,   Department of Materials Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology; No. 1, Dai Co Viet Road, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Kang Youn-Bae ,   Graduate Institute of Ferrous and Energy Materials Technology, POSTECH 77 Cheongamro, Namgu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
Published: September 2024

T his paper presents the result of reducing the pellets prepared from low zinc (Zn) containing electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) and coke. The temperature is predetermined in the 1000 to 1200 °C range, and the holding time varies from 30 to 90 minutes. The Zn and iron (Fe) content in the EAFD is analyzed by the ICP-OES method as 15.85 and 20.50 wt.%, respectively. Franklinite (ZnFe2O4) and zincite (ZnO) are the majority compounds of Zn. The experimental result shows that the reduced Zn vapors from the heated pellets increased the Zn removal with increasing temperature and time. The Zn removal from the pellets is significant at temperatures of 1100 and 1200 °C, at which the efficiencies reached about 95 % for the holding time of 90 minutes. The fact that the Fe content was around 31 wt.% and metallic Fe was thought to be present in the pellets heated at 1200 °C would be beneficial if further residue recycling could be done.
Foregut tuberculosis: Too close but miles apart
Authors: Shahid Yumna , Anis Muhammad Aarish , Abid Shahab
Published: September 2024

The worldwide burden of tuberculosis (TB) has increased and it can involve virtually any organ of the body. Intestinal TB accounts for about 2% of the cases of TB worldwide. The ileocecal region is the most commonly affected site, and the foregut is rarely involved. The reported incidence is approximately 0.5%. Esophageal TB presents with dysphagia, weight loss, and hematemesis in rare cases. Gastroduodenal TB usually manifests with symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and sometimes with gastric outlet obstruction. Gastroscopy may reveal shallow ulcers in stomach and duodenal deformity when underlying TB is suspected, therefore histopathology plays pivotal role. On computed tomography, duodenal TB typically manifests as duodenal strictures predominantly, accompanied by extrinsic compression, and occasionally as intraluminal mass. But their diagnosis can easily be missed if proper biopsies are not taken and samples are not sent for GeneXpert testing, TB polymerase chain reaction investigation and histopathological analysis. Despite being in close proximity to the lungs, the esophagus and stomach are rare sites of TB. The reasons could be low gastric pH and acidity which does not let mycobacterium grow. But there are various case reports of TB involving the foregut. We have summarized the rare cases of foregut TB in different sections and highlighted the importance of esophagogastroduodenoscopy, histopathology and advanced techniques like endoscopic ultrasound in establishing the diagnosis.
Evolving of treatment options for cerebral infarction
Authors: Cao Qiong-Yue , Li Zheng
Published: September 2024

In this editorial, we comment on a recent article which addressed the therapeutic effect of aspirin plus edaravone in patients with cerebral infarction (CI). Herein, we outline the progress in therapy of CI. Apart from thrombolysis, aspirin is the most effective treatment for CI. Edaravone, a free radical scavenger, reduces endothelial cell damage and delays neuronal cell death. Aspirin plus edaravone mitigates damage to brain tissue by different mechanisms, thereby expediting the reinstation of neurological function. However, the nephrotoxic effect of edaravone, along with gastrointestinal bleeding associated with aspirin, may restrict this combination therapy. Although clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of thrombolytic therapy and mechanical thrombectomy, patients receiving these treatments experience modest efficacy and many adverse events. Moreover, interest in exploring natural medicines for CI is increasing, and they appear to have a high potential to protect against CI. The evolution of therapeutic strategies is expected to improve clinical outcomes of patients with CI.
Advanced lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR 19-del mutation transforms into squamous cell carcinoma after EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment
Authors: Qi Ruo-Bing , Wu Zheng-Hao
Published: September 2024

In this editorial we comment on the article by Ji et al . We focus specifically on the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) treatment and the development of drug resistance to EGFR-TKIs.
Raising the Academic Authority of Clinical Experience: The Department of Internal Medicine at Keijo Imperial University and Its Periodical Imsangnaegwahak
Authors: PARK Jiyoung
Published: September 2024

This paper examines the periodical Clinical Internal Medicine published by the Department of Internal Medicine at Keijo Imperial University in colonial Korea. Previous studies on medical research at Keijo Imperial University have primarily focused on preclinical departments such as anatomy, hygiene, pharmacology, and microbiology which produced knowledge that supported Japan’s imperialistic expansion. This approach has overlooked the research contributions of clinical departments, often viewing the roles of preclinical and clinical departments through a dichotomy between research versus clinician training. However, Clinical Internal Medicine demonstrates that the Department of Internal Medicine at Keijo Imperial University was actively engaged in research. By analyzing the purpose and content of Clinical Internal Medicine, this paper reveals that its publication was an effort by the Department of Internal Medicine to address the demand for practical knowledge among clinicians practicing outside the university. At the same time, it reflects a commitment to enhancing the academic value of clinical experience and critiques the blind pursuit of experimental medicine in the Japanese medical community in the 1920s and 1930s. The case of the Department of Internal Medicine at Keijo Imperial University illustrates the transformation of clinical experience into “worthy” academic knowledge in colonial Korea. Based on these findings, this paper provides insights into the role of clinical departments at Keijo Imperial University in research and post-graduation education.
Types and Treatments of Surgical Diseases in Ancient China Found in Bamboo and Silk Texts: Focusing on External Injuries, Burns and Scalds, Intestines, Anus Diseases
Authors: MIN Hooki
Published: September 2024

This article aims to analyze the types of surgical diseases and treatments in ancient China as documented in bamboo and silk texts, with a particular focus on (external) injury, tetanus, burns, rectal and anal diseases, and inguinal hernias. For this analysis, I gathered 85 instances of disease and treatments recorded in these texts. The 85 cases were further categorized into 13 (external) injuries, 13 metal wounds, 6 tetanus, 22 burns, 16 rectal and anal diseases, and 15 inguinal hernias. The analysis revealed that the treatment of (external) injury and burns focused primarily on the wound site, while the treatment of metal wounds and tetanus centered on addressing the internal body. Internal treatments were mainly prescribed through the use of medicine and food. Surgical intervention was recommended primarily for diseases of the rectum and anus, with medications applied to the woundspost-surgery. For inguinal hernias, a high-protein diet was typically prescribed. As we’ve seen, in ancient China, surgical diseases were mainly treated with medication, surgery, and dietary prescriptions. And among these prescriptions, drug prescriptions were utilized not only by medical doctors but also by witch–doctors[巫醫] treating diseases in civilian society and soldiers stationed at frontline military posts. In the absence of medical doctors in both civilian society and frontline units, witch–doctors and frontline units purchased or stockpiled prescription drugs and used them to treat patients according to prescription.
Análise temporal de hospitalizações masculinas por causas sensíveis à Atenção Primária no estado da Bahia, entre 2009 e 2019
Authors: Silva Oliveira Ana Clara , Carvalho de Jesus Oliveira Fernanda , Natiane da Costa Silva Adriele , Muraiviechi Passos Nathália , Ramanho Galvão Lorena , Freitas Coelho Julita Maria , Bessa Junior José , Santos Silva Caroline
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: Descrever a evolução temporal dos internamentos da população masculina da Bahia por causas sensíveis à atenção primária à saúde (ICSAP), entre os anos de 2009 e 2019. Métodos: Estudo ecológico de série temporal, a partir de dados do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS (SIH/SUS) referentes à população total de de homens residentes na Bahia, internados entre 2009 a 2019. A proporção de ICSAP foi calculada através do percentual de ICSAP masculinas em relação ao total de internamentos de homens. Para análise de tendência, utilizou-se regressão linear generalizada de Prais-Winsten, com cálculo de variação percentual e IC95%. Resultados: De 2009 a 2019, ocorreram 627.859 ICSAP masculinas. Verificou-se tendência decrescente das ICSAP com APS -4,42% (IC -4,42 - -3,46, p<0,000), acompanhado o aumento da cobertura da Estratégia de Saúde da Família no estado. Conclusão: Apesar da redução progressiva das ICSAP, a tendência de redução não foi linear para todas as causas.
Estudo de caso: uso de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados para idosos em ambulatório geriátrico
Authors: Lima Schramm dos Santos Nathalia , Arata Figueiredo Vanessa , Gassmann Figueiredo Ricardo , Lima Santos Veronica , Leonel Nunes Tiraboschi Taciana , Bahia Coelho Thereza Christina , Bessa Júnior José de
Published: September 2024

Introdução: Nos últimos 75 anos, observamos um aumento de 15 vezes do número de indivíduos com idade acima de 60 anos, no Brasil. Esta tendência de envelhecimento populacional tende a se ampliar nos próximos anos. Sabe-se que idosos apresentam peculiaridades em relação à farmacoterapia com maior risco de interação medicamentosa. O conceito de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados (MPI) para idosos surgiu com o objetivo de prevenir a iatrogenia medicamentosa nesse grupo. Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência do uso de MPI em idosos atendidos em um ambulatório geriátrico de Feira de Santana, Bahia, de acordo com os critérios de Beers e do Consenso Brasileiro de Medicamentos Potencialmente Inapropriados para Idosos. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo do tipo observacional, descritivo e transversal. Realizamos, através de um questionário estruturado, inquérito medicamentoso detalhado, além do registro de dados sociodemográficos, hábitos de vida, histórico de quedas e hospitalizações. Resultados: Dos 97 pacientes incluídos no estudo, 54% utilizavam algum MPI. Os antipsicóticos e benzodiazepínicos foram os MPI mais frequentes. A prevalência de polifarmácia foi de 78%, em nossa amostra, um percentual elevado em comparação com outros estudos. Pacientes em uso de 4 ou mais medicamentos utilizavam 3,5 vezes mais MPI que aqueles em uso de 3 ou menos (RP 3,529) (IC: 1,281 a 12,64) (p = 0,0108). Não se observou diferença significativa de prevalência de MPI quando se utilizou os critérios de Beers ou o Consenso Brasileiro de Medicamentos Potencialmente Inapropriados para Idosos. Conclusão: Nossos achados sugerem elevada prevalência de MPI em idosos conduzidos em regime ambulatorial. Observou-se uma associação positiva entre o número de medicações em uso e a prevalência de MPI. É preciso uma maior conscientização da comunidade médica sobre os riscos da introdução desse tipo de medicação em pacientes idosos pela maior suscetibilidade a seus efeitos adversos.
Cárie e má oclusão na infância: prevalência e fatores associados do contexto familiar
Authors: Souza Guimarães Ananda , Rodrigues de Paiva Amanda Luiza , Barreto de Sousa Cabral Maria Beatriz , Teixeira Cangussu Maria Cristina , Frederico de Almeida Tatiana
Published: September 2024

Introdução: A manutenção da saúde bucal infantil é fundamental para o desenvolvimento adequado da criança, que por sua vez depende do cuidado familiar para o seu crescimento. Objetivo: Descrever e analisar o impacto do contexto familiar (aspectos socioeconômicos e comportamentais) e da qualidade de vida materna na ocorrência da cárie dentária e má oclusão. Metodologia: Estudo de corte transversal com dados secundários. A população foi de 528 crianças (18 a 71 meses) residentes em áreas cobertas pela Estratégia Saúde da Família em quatro distritos sanitários de Salvador, Bahia. A cárie dentária foi avaliada através do ceo-d, enquanto a má oclusão foi identificada de acordo com os critérios do Índice de Má Oclusão (OMS) e alguns critérios clínicos, como presença de mordida aberta anterior. O processamento dos dados foi realizado no Excel e a análise estatística descritiva e exploratória no STATA. Resultados: Observou-se que a prevalência de cárie dentária foi de 16,48 % e o ceo-d igual a 0,62. A prevalência de má oclusão foi de 27,46%. Dentre os tipos de má oclusão, a mordida aberta anterior foi a mais predominante, atingindo 132 crianças (25%). Associaram-se positivamente com a cárie as covariáveis: idade, cor da pele, escolaridade materna e o fato de a criança não morar com sua mãe, tempo de aleitamento materno prolongado, dor física materna como fator dificultador no dia a dia e necessidade de tratamento médico da mãe (p < 0,05). Associaram-se com a má-oclusão: tempo de aleitamento materno reduzido, hábito de sucção, falta de sentido na vida da mãe, energia insuficiente para o dia a dia da mãe e falta de capacitação materna para o trabalho (p < 0,05). Conclusão: A cárie e a má oclusão na infância são agravos ainda frequentes em Salvador, Bahia, e estão associados a aspectos materiais e subjetivos do contexto familiar. Políticas públicas direcionadas a reduzir os efeitos negativos provocados pelas disparidades socioeconômicas e demográficas presentes na sociedade se fazem essenciais para diminuir a prevalência destes agravos.
Effectiveness of Using Ultrasound-Inferior Venacava Collapsibility Index (IVCCI) as a Guidance Tool for Resuscitating the Patients Undergoing Emergency Lower Limb Orthopaedic Surgeries Under Spinal Anaesthesia
Authors:   Department of Anesthesiology, Coimbatore Medical College and Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India., Yangste S. Narmatha , Raju S. Shankar ,   Department of Anesthesiology, ESI medical college, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India., Bhaskar Bhaskar ,   Department of Anesthesiology, Dharmapuri Medical College, Dharmapuri, Tamil Nadu, India.
Published: September 2024

Background and Aim: Ultrasound-guided inferior vena cava collapsibility index (IVCCI) is used for assessing the volume status of the patient in critical care but for emergency cases taken up under spinal anesthesia this index helps to assess the adequacy of resuscitation. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasound in adequately resuscitating patients requiring subarachnoid block for emergency lower limb orthopedic surgeries. Methods: After obtaining approval from the Coimbatore Medical College institutional ethical committee, 60 adults aged between 20 and 60 comprising both sexes requiring emergency lower limb [shaft of femur] orthopedics surgeries were included in this randomized clinical study. After a complete pre-anaesthetic assessment, IVCCI by ultrasound is measured. The patient was resuscitated to a target IVCCI of ≤30% before performing the subarachnoid block from the USG group. The other group of patients was resuscitated till the mean arterial pressure (MAP) was≥65 mm Hg from the MAP group. Then spinal anaesthesia was performed in a sitting position via L3 – L4 interspace using a 25 G Quincke’s needle. The parameters were monitored every 5 minutes for 30 minutes post-spinal. Results: The incidence and severity of hypotension are lesser in the ultrasound group compared to the MAP group which was statistically significant (p=0.004). Conclusion: Our study concludes that the USG-guided fluid resuscitation with a target IVCCI ≤30% for emergency surgeries under spinal anaesthesia does reduce the severity of hypotension and its adverse outcomes. Keywords: Inferior vena cava, Lower limb, Fracture, Mean arterial pressure, Ultrasound, Spinal anesthesia
Unified atmospheric attenuation models for visible and infrared wavelengths
Authors: Elamassie Mohammed , Uysal Murat
Published: September 2024

Optical wireless communication (OWC) encompasses the utilization of optical frequencies, including visible light (VL) and infrared (IR), for unguided data transmission. Two common terms within this field are free-space optical (FSO) communication, which involves laser-based systems for long-distance point-to-point transmission at IR wavelengths, and visible light communication (VLC), which refers to LED-based systems with shorter transmission ranges at VL wavelengths. For outdoor operation of these systems, it is critical to understand the interaction of optical signals with the propagation environment. The extinction coefficient measures how strongly a light at a specific wavelength is attenuated as a result of its passage through a medium. Over the years, many studies have attempted to determine the extinction coefficient in various atmospheric conditions; however, the majority of these studies are limited to the IR spectrum and also come with several other constraints. In this paper, we use MODTRAN (MODerate resolution atmospheric TRANsmission) software, which solves the radiative transfer equation (RTE) for the given input parameters of operation wavelength, the observer altitude, target altitude, and path length in km. First, we extract the transmittance of the optical beam through fog, rain, cloud, drizzle, and aerosol through extensive simulations in the MODTRAN for optical wavelengths of 350–1550 nm. Then, we use a non-linear curve fitting to obtain closed-form expressions for all these atmospheric conditions.
Measurement of microwave polarization using two polarization orthogonal local microwave electric fields in a Rydberg atom-based mixer
Authors: Yin Weibo , Zhang Jianan , Jia Fengdong , Wang Yuhan , Wang Yuxiang , Hao Jianhai , Cui Yue , Liu Ya , Zhong Zhiping
Published: September 2024

We propose and demonstrate what we believe to be a novel method for measuring the polarization direction of a microwave electric field in a single measurement using a Rydberg atom-based mixer with two orthogonally polarized local microwave electric fields. This approach eliminates the need for physical rotation of the local field, allowing the polarization angle of the signal field to be determined directly by measuring the ratio of the two beat signals. Furthermore, introducing a weak static magnetic field enables the utilization of the Zeeman effect and exploitation of polarization asymmetry. This distinction allows for determining the polarization direction of the microwave field is θ or 180° – θ within the 0 to 180-degree range. The capability to measure microwave polarization in real-time across this range is very valuable for applications in microwave sensing and information transmission.
Dual-parameter fiber optic surface plasmon resonance sensor with narrow FWHM based on an incidence angle adjusting method
Authors: Sun Lulu , Yang Ziyi , Ma Wanyu , Wang Hongman , Zhang Bo , Yan Silin , Ma Ji
Published: September 2024

We propose a dual-parameter surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on a simple, and effective incidence angle adjustment method. It is capable of simultaneously detecting the refractive index and temperature of a liquid. For conventional SPR fiber sensors, the resonance dip will be abnormally broadened in the near-infrared band, leading to difficulty in identifying the SPR dip by the spectrometer. The FWHM of the resonance dip depends on the SPR intensity. Therefore, we propose to utilize the bubble structure to change the incidence angle, which can enhance SPR intensity and thus reduce the FWHM of the resonance dip. During our experiments, we investigated the modulation effect of bubble size on the SPR effect. Subsequently, a two-parameter sensor with a narrow FWHM was prepared using PDMS, and the experimental results show that no crosstalk exists between the two sensing channels. This sensor is beneficial for improving the FWHM of SPR dip.
Miniaturized photoacoustic microscope for multi-segmental spinal cord imaging in freely moving mice
Authors: Li Baochen , Qi Weizhi , Guo Heng , Xi Lei
Published: September 2024

Long-term and non-narcotic hemodynamic imaging is indispensable for observing factual physiological information of the spinal cord. Unfortunately, achieving label-free, high-resolution, and widefield spinal cord imaging for mice under freely moving conditions is challenging. In this study, we developed a miniaturized photoacoustic microscope along with a corresponding photoacoustic spinal window to realize high-resolution, multi-segmental hemodynamic imaging of the spinal cord for freely moving mice. The microscope has an outer size of 32 mm × 23 mm × 10 mm, a weight of 5.8 g, and a 4.4 µm lateral resolution within an effective field of view (FOV) of 2.6 mm × 1.8 mm. To eliminate the off-focus phenomena during spinal imaging, the microscope is equipped with a miniature motor to adapt the focal plane. Besides, the microscope is slidable along a customized rail on the window to expand the FOV. We evaluated the stability of the microscope and analyzed vascular images of the spinal cord under various physiological states. The results suggest that the microscope is capable of performing stable, multi-segmental spinal cord imaging in freely moving mice, offering new insights into spinal cord hemodynamics and neurovascular coupling research.
Dynamic 3D Fresnel incoherent correlation holography imaging based on single-shot mirrored phase-shifting technology
Authors: Wang Huiyang , Han Xianxin , Liu Shengde , Liu Hongzhan , Lu Xiaoxu , Rosen Joseph , Zhong Liyun
Published: September 2024

Fresnel incoherent correlation holography (FINCH) records coaxial holograms for wide-field 3D imaging with incoherent light, but its temporal phase-shifting strategy makes dynamic imaging challenging. Here, we present a compact, portable single-shot mirrored phase-shifting (SSPMS) module that can be easily integrated into the FINCH system, achieving secondary modulation of self-interference beams to enable the simultaneous acquisition of four phase-shift holograms in a single exposure. Compared with previously reported methods that use diffraction gratings to spatially separate self-interference beams at specific angles, this module duplicates a laterally shifted mirrored beam using a simply modified Michelson interferometer, so the phase-shifting holograms obtained via this module are free from optical aberrations or higher-order diffracted light noises. The feasibility of the proposed method is experimentally demonstrated through imaging dynamic 3D grayscale scenes.
Characterizing the dynamics, reactivity and controllability of moods in depression with a Kalman filter
Authors: Malamud Jolanda , Guloksuz Sinan , van Winkel Ruud , Delespaul Philippe , De Hert Marc A. F. , Derom Catherine , Thiery Evert , Jacobs Nele , Rutten Bart P. F. , Huys Quentin J. M.
Published: September 2024

Background

Mood disorders involve a complex interplay between multifaceted internal emotional states, and complex external inputs. Dynamical systems theory suggests that this interplay between aspects of moods and environmental stimuli may hence determine key psychopathological features of mood disorders, including the stability of mood states, the response to external inputs, how controllable mood states are, and what interventions are most likely to be effective. However, a comprehensive computational approach to all these aspects has not yet been undertaken.

Methods

Here, we argue that the combination of ecological momentary assessments (EMA) with a well-established dynamical systems framework—the humble Kalman filter—enables a comprehensive account of all these aspects. We first introduce the key features of the Kalman filter and optimal control theory and their relationship to aspects of psychopathology. We then examine the psychometric and inferential properties of combining EMA data with Kalman filtering across realistic scenarios. Finally, we apply the Kalman filter to a series of EMA datasets comprising over 700 participants with and without symptoms of depression.

Results

The results show a naive Kalman filter approach performs favourably compared to the standard vector autoregressive approach frequently employed, capturing key aspects of the data better. Furthermore, it suggests that the depressed state involves alterations to interactions between moods; alterations to how moods responds to external inputs; and as a result an alteration in how controllable mood states are. We replicate these findings qualitatively across datasets and explore an extension to optimal control theory to guide therapeutic interventions.

Conclusions

Mood dynamics are richly and profoundly altered in depressed states. The humble Kalman filter is a well-established, rich framework to characterise mood dynamics. Its application to EMA data is valid; straightforward; and likely to result in substantial novel insights both into mechanisms and treatments.
Subnational tuberculosis burden estimation for Pakistan
Authors: Schwalb Alvaro , Samad Zia , Yaqoob Aashifa , Fatima Razia , Houben Rein M. G. J.
Published: September 2024

Global tuberculosis (TB) burden estimates are aggregated at the national level, despite the likelihood of uneven distribution across and within regions in the same country. Subnational estimates are crucial to producing informed policies and informing budget allocation at more granular levels. In collaboration with the National TB Programme (NTP), we applied a simple and transparent tool to estimate the subnational TB burden in Pakistan. We tailored the SUBnational Burden Estimation for TB (SUBsET) tool to account for the district-level hierarchy of Pakistan. Districts were assigned weighted scores based on population size, level of urbanisation, households with one room, and food insecurity levels. Using the 2022 national TB incidence estimate, we first allocated the burden across administrative units based on data from the 2010–11 TB prevalence survey and subsequently refined this distribution to reflect weighted scores specific to each district. The estimated TB incidence was compared with pulmonary TB notifications to calculate the case detection rate (CDR) for each district. Utilising the updated SUBsET model, we assigned weight scores to 150 districts spanning seven provinces/regions in Pakistan. The estimated TB incidence varied significantly, ranging from 110 (95%CI: 80–145) to 462 (95%CI: 337–607) per 100,000 inhabitants per year. The provinces bearing the highest burden was Sindh (292; 95%CI: 213–384), followed by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (269; 95%CI: 196–354) and Punjab (243; 95%CI: 177–320). The CDR was below 70% in three-quarters of the districts and over-reporting (>100%) was observed in 10 districts, primarily within Punjab, which suggests that individuals with TB may be crossing district lines to access care. The application of the SUBsET tool through active collaboration with the NTP revealed high heterogeneity in subnational TB incidence in Pakistan, urging a more granular and tailored approach to TB prevention and care. This approach ensured transparency and acceptance of the findings for wider in-country dissemination.
A tale of two cities: London and New York City during Covid-19
Authors: de Coulon Augustin , Scott Marc
Published: September 2024

Using publicly available data, this paper investigates the diffusion of COVID-19 across neighborhoods in two major cities, London and New York. We link neighborhood demographics to incidence, and we investigate patterns of change over time in conjunction with changing policy responses to the pandemic. By comparing and contrasting these two cities, we are able to exploit surveillance and policy differences, demonstrating how each contributes information to the other. We conclude that better coordination can be translated into improved health policy.
A robust algorithm for authenticated health data access via blockchain and cloud computing
Authors: Shahzad Ali , Chen Wenyu , Shaheen Momina , Zhang Yin , Ahmad Faizan
Published: September 2024

In modern healthcare, providers increasingly use cloud services to store and share electronic medical records. However, traditional cloud hosting, which depends on intermediaries, poses risks to privacy and security, including inadequate control over access, data auditing, and tracking data origins. Additionally, current schemes face significant limitations such as scalability concerns, high computational overhead, practical implementation challenges, and issues with interoperability and data standardization. Unauthorized data access by cloud providers further exacerbates these concerns. Blockchain technology, known for its secure and decentralized nature, offers a solution by enabling secure data auditing in sharing systems. This research integrates blockchain into healthcare for efficient record management. We proposed a blockchain-based method for secure EHR management and integrated Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (CP-ABE) for fine-grained access control. The proposed algorithm combines blockchain and smart contracts with a cloud-based healthcare Service Management System (SMS) to ensure secure and accessible EHRs. Smart contracts automate key management, encryption, and decryption processes, enhancing data security and integrity. The blockchain ledger authenticates data transactions, while the cloud provides scalability. The SMS manages access requests, enhancing resource allocation and response times. A dual authentication system confirms patient keys before granting data access, with failed attempts leading to access revocation and incident logging. Our analyses show that this algorithm significantly improves the security and efficiency of health data exchanges. By combining blockchain’s decentralized structure with the cloud’s scalability, this approach significantly improves EHR security protocols in modern healthcare setting.
Correcting misinformation about the Russia-Ukraine War reduces false beliefs but does not change views about the War
Authors: Porter Ethan , Scott R. Bailey , Wood Thomas J. , Zhandayeva Raushan
Published: September 2024

We report results from simultaneous experiments conducted in late 2022 in Belarus, Estonia, Kazakhstan, Russia and Ukraine. The experiments focus on fact-checking misinformation supportive of Russia in the Russia-Ukraine War. Meta-analysis makes clear that fact-checking misinformation reduces belief in pro-Kremlin false claims. Effects of fact-checks are not uniform across countries; our meta-analytic estimate is reliant on belief accuracy increases observed in Russia and Ukraine. While fact-checks improve belief accuracy, they do not change respondents’ attitudes about which side to support in the War. War does not render individuals hopelessly vulnerable to misinformation—but fact-checking misinformation is unlikely to change their views toward the conflict.
Validation of two novel human activity recognition models for typically developing children and children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Tørring Marte Fossflaten , Logacjov Aleksej , Brændvik Siri Merete , Ustad Astrid , Roeleveld Karin , Bardal Ellen Marie
Published: September 2024

Human Activity Recognition models have potential to contribute to valuable and detailed knowledge of habitual physical activity for typically developing children and children with Cerebral Palsy. The main objective of the present study was to develop and validate two Human Activity Recognition models. One trained on data from typically developing children (n = 63), the second also including data from children with Cerebral Palsy (n = 16), engaging in standardised activities and free play. Our data was collected using accelerometers and ground truth was established with video annotations. Additionally, we aimed to investigate the influence of window settings on model performance. Utilizing the Extreme gradient boost (XGBoost) classifier, twelve sub-models were created, with 1-,3- and 5-seconds windows, with and without overlap. Both Human Activity Recognition models demonstrated excellent predictive capabilities (>92%) for standardised activities for both typically developing and Cerebral Palsy. From all window sizes, the 1-second window performed best for all test groups. Accuracy was slightly lower (>75%) for the Cerebral Palsy test group performing free play activities. The impact of window size and overlap varied depending on activity. In summary both Human Activity Recognition models effectively predict standardised activities, surpassing prior models for typically developing and children with Cerebral Palsy. Notably, the model trained on combined typically developing children and Cerebral Palsy data performed exemplary across all test groups. Researchers should select window settings aligned with their specific research objectives.
GCKSign: Simple and efficient signatures from generalized compact knapsack problems
Authors: Woo Joo , Lee Kwangsu , Park Jong Hwan
Published: September 2024

In 2009, Lyubashevsky proposed a lattice-based signature scheme using the Schnorr-like identification and the Fiat-Shamir heuristic and proved its security under the collision resistance of a generalized compact knapsack function. However, their security analysis requires the witness indistinguishability property, leading to significant inefficiency and an increase of sizes of public key and signature. To overcome the efficiency issue associated with the WI property, we introduce a new lattice-based assumption, called the target-modified one-wayness problem of the GCK function and show its reduction to well-known lattice-based problems. Additionally, we present a simple and efficient GCK-based signature scheme, GCKSign, whose security is based on the Module GCK-TMO problem in the random oracle model. GCKSign is a natural extension of Lyubashevsky’s scheme in a module setting, but achieves considerable efficiency gains due to eliminating the witness indistinguishability property. As a result, GCKSign achieves approximately 3.4 times shorter signature size and 2.4 times shorter public key size at the same security level.
Prevalence and risk factors of hearing loss in the Chinese population aged 45 years and older: Findings from the CHARLS baseline survey
Authors: Xu Xiaoli , Sun Gang , Sun Deping
Published: September 2024

Objective

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hearing loss and identify associated risk factors in a Chinese population aged 45 years and older.

Study design

This study employed a cross-sectional research design. Data from the 4th wave survey of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) conducted in 2018 were utilized. Participants were assessed using self-reported questionnaires, and various demographic and comorbidity factors were analyzed to elucidate the risk factors associated with hearing loss.

Methods

A total of 17,695 individuals from 10,257 households in 450 villages and urban settlements were included in the study. Hearing loss was assessed through self-reported questionnaires. Risk factors, including demographic characteristics and comorbidities, were analyzed to identify associations with hearing loss.

Results

The study population had a hearing loss prevalence rate of 17.9% (n = 3,179). Regional variations were observed, with highest rates in Chongqing (28.67%), Yunnan (25.12%), and Qinghai (24.36%), and lowest rates in Zhejiang (17.71%), Tianjin (10.56%), and Shanghai (9.26%). Age ≥70 was associated with higher risk (OR = 3, p<0.05), while being female was associated with reduced risk (OR = 0.81, p<0.05). Higher education level showed lower risk (OR<1, p<0.05). Non-agricultural workers had lower risk (OR = 0.67, p<0.05). Fewer social activities were correlated with decreased risk (OR = 0.89, p = 0.024). Ethnic minorities had slightly higher risk (OR = 1.23, p<0.05).

Conclusion

This study provides valuable insights into the prevalence and risk factors associated with hearing loss in the Chinese population aged 45 years and older. The findings emphasize the importance of early detection and intervention, particularly among older individuals and those residing in specific regions, for effective hearing loss management.
Regulatory insight for a Zn2Cys6 transcription factor controlling effector-mediated virulence in a fungal pathogen of wheat
Authors: John Evan , Verdonk Callum , Singh Karam B. , Oliver Richard P. , Lenzo Leon , Morikawa Shota , Soyer Jessica L. , Muria-Gonzalez Jordi , Soo Daniel , Mousley Carl , Jacques Silke , Tan Kar-Chun
Published: September 2024

The regulation of virulence in plant-pathogenic fungi has emerged as a key area of importance underlying host infections. Recent work has highlighted individual transcription factors (TFs) that serve important roles. A prominent example is PnPf2, a member of the Zn2Cys6 family of fungal TFs, which controls the expression of effectors and other virulence-associated genes in Parastagonospora nodorum during infection of wheat. PnPf2 orthologues are similarly important for other major fungal pathogens during infection of their respective host plants, and have also been shown to control polysaccharide metabolism in model saprophytes. In each case, the direct genomic targets and associated regulatory mechanisms were unknown. Significant insight was made here by investigating PnPf2 through chromatin-immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and mutagenesis approaches in P. nodorum. Two distinct binding motifs were characterised as positive regulatory elements and direct PnPf2 targets identified. These encompass known effectors and other components associated with the P. nodorum pathogenic lifestyle, such as carbohydrate-active enzymes and nutrient assimilators. The results support a direct involvement of PnPf2 in coordinating virulence on wheat. Other prominent PnPf2 targets included TF-encoding genes. While novel functions were observed for the TFs PnPro1, PnAda1, PnEbr1 and the carbon-catabolite repressor PnCreA, our investigation upheld PnPf2 as the predominant transcriptional regulator characterised in terms of direct and specific coordination of virulence on wheat, and provides important mechanistic insights that may be conserved for homologous TFs in other fungi.
Viták a vállalkozóról és a profitról a 19. század fordulójának amerikai közgazdaságtanában
Authors: Csontos Tamás
Published: September 2024

Napjainkban világgazdasági átalakulás zajlik. A korszakváltás kezdőpontjának megtalálásához a COVID-nál is régebbre, a 2008-as nagy pénzügyi válságig érdemes visszatérni, hiszen onnan datálható a neoliberális gazdasági felfogással szembeni lassú ellenmozgás. Az átalakulásnak sok összetevője van, csakhogy néhány fontosabbat említsünk: intézményi tekintetben megindul a szabályozatlan pénzügyi rendszer reformja, elkezdődik az állam, mint gazdasági szervező erő visszatérése, felfutóban van az iparpolitika, geopolitikailag Kína felemelkedése átalakítja a nemzetközi intézményrendszert, az orosz-ukrán háború új fegyverkezési versenyt indukál, technológiai téren előre törnek a platform vállalatok, megindul a mesterséges intelligencia forradalom kibontakozása.
A KKV-k sikertényezői
Authors: Nagy Konrád Ákos
Published: September 2024

A kis- és középvállalkozások tényezőit feltáró előadás a Budapesti Kereskedelmi és Iparkamara és az Ifjúsági Vállalkozásélénkítő Egyesület együttműködésével készült. 450 vállalkozást elemeztek a kutatás során, melynek célja az volt, hogy olyan tényezőket azonosítsanak, melyek megkülönböztetik a kiemelkedő szervezeteket. Az előadásban 8 ilyen attribútum szerepelt: 1. Vezetői akarat, attitűd 2. Szervezettség stratégiai szemlélet 3. Gazdasági, pénzügyi szaktudás 4. Megfizetett tudás 5. Tudásmegosztás 6. Export 7. Innováció 8. Digitalizáció Négy kategóriában határoztak meg mutatókat: jövedelmezőség, szolvencia, likviditás, adósságszolgálat. Mind a négy kategóriában teljesítmény szerint három harmadra osztották a vállalkozásokat, és a legjobbakat aszerint választották ki, hány kategóriában kerültek a legjobbak közé.
Why trust scientists?
Authors: Szabó Dorottya
Published: September 2024

Wonder implies the desire to learn. Aristotle A number of surveys, conducted in the aftermath of COVID19, have found that levels of trust in scientists are moderately high worldwide, although there are significant differences between countries. As the largest global survey reveals, scientists are perceived to have a high level of expertise, moderate integrity and benevolent intentions. Although with a different research focus, the 2024 edition of the Edelman Trust Barometer also found that trust in scientists is high relative to government leaders or CEOs, making them expected to lead the implementation of innovations.
Results From a Psychometric Validation Study: Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome Report Higher Symptom Burden Using End-of-Day Vs Real-Time Assessment
Authors: Bosman Michelle , Vork Lisa , Jonkers Daisy , Snijkers Johanna , Topan Rabia , Aziz Qasim , Midenfjord Irina , Simren Magnus , Masclee Ad ,   ESM study group, Keszthelyi Daniel
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Real-time assessment of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) using the experience sampling method (ESM) is suggested as a more appropriate approach than currently used end-of-day or end-of-week reports. This psychometric evaluation study assesses the validity and reliability of a previously developed ESM-based patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) for real-time GI symptom assessment in IBS.

METHODS:

This multicenter validation study included 230 Rome IV patients with IBS (80% female; mean age 41.2 years) in 3 European countries. Patients completed the electronic ESM-PROM (up to 10 random moments daily, with a weekly minimum completion rate of 33%) and an end-of-day symptom diary for 7 consecutive days. End-of-week questionnaires (Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale for IBS, IBS Severity Scoring System, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7) were completed at the end of the 7-day period.

RESULTS:

The ESM assessment had a mean completion rate of 71%. Strong and significant correlations (0.651–0.956) with moderate-to-good consistency (intra-class correlation coefficients 0.580–0.779) were observed between ESM and end-of-day scores. However, end-of-day scores were significantly higher (Δ0.790–1.758, P < 0.001) than mean daily ESM scores. Differences with end-of-week scores were more pronounced, with weaker correlations (Pearson's r 0.393–0.802). ESM-PROM exhibited moderate-to-good internal consistency (Cronbach's α 0.585–0.887) across 5 symptom domains. First and second half-week scores demonstrated good-to-excellent consistency (intraclass correlation coefficients 0.871–0.958).

DISCUSSION:

Psychometric evaluation demonstrated strong validity and reliability of the ESM-PROM for real-time GI symptom assessment in IBS. In addition, the ESM-PROM provides a precise and reliable ascertainment of individual symptom pattern and trigger interactions, without the bias of peak reporting when compared with retrospective methods. This highlights its potential as a valuable tool for personalized healthcare in monitoring disease course and treatment response in patients with IBS.
Safe and Reliable Movement of Fast LiDAR-based Self-driving Vehicle
Authors:   AGH University of Krakow, Buratowski Tomasz , Giergiel Mariusz , Wójcicki Piotr , Garus Jerzy , Kot Rafał ,   Polish Naval Academy,Gdynia
Published: September 2024

Classification of objects is an important technique for autonomous ground vehicles to identify a surrounding environment and execute safe path planning. In this paper, a method based on horizontal segmentation is proposed to detect cone-shaped objects in vehicle’s vicinity using a LiDAR sensor. A captured point cloud is divided into five layers based on height information, and the division of detected objects into two groups, cones and others, has been made using classifiers available in MATLAB toolboxes. To separate the classified conical objects into four types used to mark the route, an algorithm for their recognition was developed and used. The proposed solution, verified by navigation experiments in real conditions using an unmanned racing car, has gave good results, i.e., a high rate of cone-shaped objects classification, a short processing time and a low computational load. The performed tests have allowed also to diagnose the causes of incorrect classification of objects. Thus, the experimental results indicated that the approach presented in this work can be used in real time for autonomous, collision-free driving along marked routes.
Analysis of Creep in Torque Transducers for Wind Turbine
Authors: Puchalski Jacek , Fidelus Janusz , Fotowicz Paweł
Published: September 2024

A crucial aspect to consider when assessing the effectiveness of wind turbines is the phenomenon of torque creep, both under load and without load. This phenomenon significantly affects the proper functioning of torque transducers, thus necessitating the utilization of suitable algorithms for analysing measurement data. The least squares method is well-suited for this type of analysis. Linear regression was employed to study the creep trend, while a third-degree non-linear polynomial curve enabled a more precise visualization of creep, yielding valuable insights.
Comparative Analysis of the Guided Bomb Flight Control System for Different Initial Conditions
Authors:   Kielce University of Technology, Al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 7, 25-314 Kielce, Grzyb Marta , Koruba Zbigniew
Published: September 2024

The article presents research on the influence of initial conditions on the self-guidance of a guided bomb towards a stationary ground target. The aim of the study was to investigate the correlation between the initial tilt angle of the guided bomb and the precision of impact, as well as the time required to reach the surface target. To fulfil this purpose, the flight control system of the guided bomb needed to be designed accordingly. The need to develop these systems arises from emerging information that Ukraine and Israel are converting unguided bombs into precision-guided ones. This justification is based on objective reasons. The article analyses the application of classical controllers: PI, PD and PID. Their task was to accurately guide a stationary ground target under various initial conditions. A preliminary method has been proposed for selecting optimal gain coefficients for the PID controller, which constitutes the main component of the autopilot of the guided bomb flight control system. A proprietary interpolation method was suggested, starting with the use of an optimization function in MATLAB software. The numerical findings are presented in a graphical manner.