bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in understanding and diagnosing hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Fourati Slim , Pawlotsky Jean-Michel
Published: September 2016

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infects approximately 240 million individuals worldwide. Recent advances in the virology, immunopathogenesis, and diagnosis of HBV infection are summarized in this review article. The identification of a hepatocyte-specific cellular receptor for HBV, the sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP), made it possible to develop reliable cell culture systems and better understand the early steps of the viral lifecycle. Viral and host factors involved in covalently closed circular DNA synthesis, stability, and transcriptional regulation have also been identified and provide potential targets for new drugs. Based on recent evidence showing trained immunity in immune-tolerant patients, the immune tolerance and immune clearance phases have been renamed the non-inflammatory and inflammatory phases, respectively. New diagnostic and monitoring tools are now available, including rapid diagnostic tests for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) detection, HBsAg quantification assays, anti-HBc antibody quantification assays, an HBV core-related antigen (HBcrAg) quantification test, new HBV DNA detection and quantification assays, and an HBV RNA quantification test. Their clinical utility is under study. Finally, new antiviral and immune modulation approaches are in the preclinical or early clinical developmental stages, with the goal to achieve functional cure or ideally (if possible) eradication of HBV infection.
ASPECTS OF COMPETITIVENESS OF THE NENETS AND YAMALO-NENETS AUTONOMOUS DISTRICTS AS DESTINATIONS OF ARCTIC TOURISM
Authors: Илькевич Сергей , Ilkevich Sergey , Стрёмберг Пер , Stremberg Per
Published: September 2016

Despite some intensification of the regional and local authorities, as well as the proactive position of some tour operators in the Arctic regions of Russia, as well as a general removal of focus to domestic tourism in connec- tion with domestic economic and political shocks of the past two years, real progress in the Arctic tourism in Russia is not so great. It’s connected with the systemic and acute problems of the development of this macro region. Their resolution will take decades. In these circumstances, it would be better to talk about the need to focus efforts of states and municipalities, as well as of businesses in those regions that now have not just an abstract potential from the point of view of tourism resources, but the real competitiveness for doubling-tripling of tourist arrivals within five to seven years due to such social, economic and food elements of competitiveness: the positive dynamics of the regional economy, positive demographics, the adequacy of general investments and investments directly related to the tourism, relatively well-developed infrastructure, transport accessibil- ity, price competitiveness of tourism products (the latter in the current environment could be the ability to stay within 60–70 thousand rubles for a 7–10 days tour with budget excursion component). If we analyze the parameters together, as it seems to the authors, today we can speak about the special prospect and a fairly high level of domestic and international competitiveness of only two destinations in the Arctic – Nenets and Yama- lo-Nenets Autonomous districts. Within the presented work, the authors make arguments about what these two regions may be Arctic destinations of paramount importance, because they can actually achieve the ambitious goals for increasing the mass of domestic and inbound tourism in the Arctic in really foreseeable future.
FOOD CULTURE AS A METHOD OF STUDYING SOCIAL AND CULTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS
Authors: Вигель Нарине , Vigel Narine
Published: September 2016

The article is devoted to research and analysis of modernity using food culture as a method of studying social and cultural transformations, which implies the culture of cooking, consumption, and food production and which is the most bright and sensitive represent of social and cultural transformations taking place in society. In the study there are three main components of food culture: traditional food culture, which is the most conservative and conveys a special “spirit” of the ethnic group or nation; food with the elements of mix, innovation, improvisation, imitation; and finally, a network of high-tech types of food of a global culture and fast-food outlets (McDonald’s, KFC, etc.). The author discusses the change in culture from tradition, where food is a symbol of the ethnic group, people or nation to innovations up to a global monoculture of the universal and unified fast-food. The consumption of alternative food sold in hypermarkets and supermarkets, the use of achievements of scientific-technical progress, love of comfort brought elements of «being like at home»; it erases the distinction not only between urban and rural culture or between states, but the whole world becomes a single space of global social cultural environment, where modern life style dictates and requires to eat fast food.
TRADITIONAL MUSICAL CULTURE OF THE VOLGA AND URAL REGIONS: THE MULTI-ETHNIC DIMENSION
Authors: Салитова Фаридэ , Salitova Faride
Published: September 2016

The article analyzes the phenomenon of the traditional musical culture of ethnic groups of the Volga and Ural regions of the Turkic, Finno-Ugrian and Slavic origin, developed in the course of a permanent diversified mutual influence and mutual enrichment of distinctive ethnic, religious, regional and local components. Sam- ples of the music archaic Bashkir, Mari, Mordovian, Russian, Tatar, Udmurt and other ethnic groups living in these regions, as well as written and archaeological sources, reveal the formation of the geographical area, since the early Middle Ages, cultural space, characterized, in spite of the uniqueness of the individual compo- nents, significant unity and high moral and aesthetic potential. However, the trend of globalization in the mod- ern world is known to endanger the preservation of traditional cultural values. In this regard, they update the issue of preserving the cultural heritage of past eras, which can be solved by incorporating a modern cultural and educational environment in authentic forms, and various kinds of professional performing arts, creative composer, musical enlightenment and education. Special mention should be the aspect of existence of the tra- ditional musical culture in the social life of the region, as a regenerated ancient festivals and folklore festivals, which clearly demonstrate the relevance of ancestral cultural traditions of the Volga and Ural. Today we can observe a positive trend of revival of cultural traditions prevailing in the early stages of the ethnic history of the region. This great potential is the intrinsic moral and aesthetic value, and effective means of harmonization of interethnic and interfaith relations, the formation of a harmoniously developed personality in the realities of the modern multicultural society with a view to the formation of tolerant consciousness of new generations.
Monopoly Pricing in the Presence of Social Learning
Authors: Crapis Davide , Ifrach Bar , Maglaras Costis , Scarsini Marco
Published: September 2016

A monopolist offers a product to a market of consumers with heterogeneous quality preferences. Although initially uninformed about the product quality, they learn by observing past purchase decisions and reviews of other consumers. Our goal is to analyze the social learning mechanism and its effect on the seller’s pricing decision. Consumers follow an intuitive, non-Bayesian decision rule. Under conditions that we identify, we show that consumers eventually learn the product’s quality. We show how the learning trajectory can be approximated in settings with high demand intensity via a mean-field approximation that highlights the dynamics of this learning process, its dependence on the price, and the market heterogeneity with respect to quality preferences. Two pricing policies are studied: a static price and one with a single price change. Finally, numerical experiments suggest that pricing policies that account for social learning may increase revenues considerably relative to policies that do not.

This paper was accepted by Yossi Aviv, operations management.
Continuing Professional Development: Understanding paramedic treatment and management of pulmonary embolism
Authors: Parry Andy , Higginson Ray
Published: September 2016

Overview

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is one of the most common preventable deaths in the UK. Causing occlusion of the pulmonary arteries, a PE is most often the result of the formation of a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) which ‘breaks free’ and travels to the lungs where it alters the normal ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) relationship, resulting in hypoxia, increased dead space and intrapulmonary shunting. This Continuing Professional Development (CPD) module will explore the pathophysiology, assessment and management of PE by paramedics, and explore the condition's main causes and treatment from the paramedic's perspective.
A Produção Trovadoresca de Afonso X: 3. Os Cantares da Guerra (Composições e Cronologias)
Authors: Oliveira António Resende de
Published: September 2016

Na obra trovadoresca de D. Afonso X, concretamente na sua produção satírica, sobressaem os cantares que tomam como tema atitudes e comportamentos de diferentes indivíduos ou grupos sociais perante a actividade militar em que o monarca se viu envolvido ao longo do período da sua governação. Este estudo incide, precisamente, na análise do grupo de cantares que tem vindo a ser associado a esta actividade, procurando não só definir com um maior rigor o núcleo de composições de temática guerreira, mas também interrogar-se sobre os conflitos subjacentes a estas mesmas composições, tendo em vista precisar o enquadramento histórico em que terão sido produzidas.
Divulgação da penicilina em Portugal na literatura técnica (anos 50 e 60 do Séc. XX): o Simposium Terapêutico e a Farmacopeia Portuguesa
Authors: Bell Victoria
Published: September 2016

A penicilina foi introduzida em Portugal em Maio de 1944 pela Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa, que a começou a importar, com regularidade, a partir de Setembro desse ano. A partir de Junho de 1945, passou a ser importada através da indústria farmacêutica e foi inserida no circuito de distribuição de medicamentos. Em 1948 surgiram no mercado nacional as primeiras especialidades farmacêuticas com penicilina, manipuladas em Portugal. Em 1956, atendendo ao elevado número de medicamentos comercializados no mercado nacional e à necessidade de divulgá-los no meio foi publicado o primeiro Simposium Terapêutico, obra que, sendo um importante elemento informativo, tinha um cariz essencialmente comercial. A normalização da produção de medicamentos, a padronização de matérias-primas e a instituição de procedimentos de garantia da qualidade foram oficialmente consagradas na Farmacopeia Portuguesa. A penicilina só veio a ser incluída no Suplemento da Farmacopeia Portuguesa IV, publicado em 1961. Neste artigo pretendemos demonstrar como o Simposium Terapêutico e a Farmacopeia Portuguesa, com propósitos muito diferentes, contribuíram para valorizar os conhecimentos existentes relativos à penicilina junto dos profissionais de saúde portugueses.
Escrivães e pregoeiros dos concelhos (séculos XIV-XVI)
Authors: Santos Maria José Azevedo
Published: September 2016

O trabalho que se segue procura demonstrar, com o recurso a fontes de natureza diversa, a importância dos escrivães e dos pregoeiros nos governos concelhios do Reino de Portugal. A administração necessitava tanto da linguagem escrita como da oral para desenvolver, com eficácia, os encargos que lhes eram confiados.
Grafitos, inscrição árabe e outras marcas históricas identificados no castelo de Montemor-o-Velho
Authors: Penajoia Marco
Published: September 2016

No decurso de uma avaliação ao amuralhado de Montemor-o-Velho, surgiram vestígios de várias marcas históricas. Dentre os motivos esquemáticos identificados, enumeram-se os seguintes: grafitos de embarcação, figura humana, zoomorfo e formas geométricas (pentagramas). Marcas de canteiro e um cruciforme. É possível, também, demonstrar sinais de uma inscrição árabe. Assim, o presente artigo pretende efetuar uma análise preliminar a estes traços históricos. Com estes vestígios agora identificados, estão lançados novos contributos para um melhor conhecimento sobre a dinâmica vivencial do castelo montemorense.
El afrontamiento del diagnóstico en pacientes y familiares con problemas oncológicos
Authors: Folch Ayora Ana , Gil Gas Veronica , Pazos Alonso-Barajas Esperanza , Bou Esteller Joan , Salas Medina Pablo , Peris Pascual Amparo
Published: September 2016

Introducción: La enfermedad oncológica produce un gran impacto emocional en nuestra población, no solo a los pacientes que las sufren sino a todo el entorno. Conocer el grado de afectación de la enfermedad tanto para los pacientes como a los familiares es primordial para el correcto cuidado por el personal sanitario. Pudiendo mejorar el afrontamiento de la enfermedad. Por tanto el presente estudio pretende conocer el grado de afectación del diagnóstico oncológico en pacientes como en familiares, así como conocer los aspectos que favorezcan el mismo.Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, observacional, transversal llevado a cabo en el Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial de Castellón, en 50 pacientes oncológicos y 50 familiares de pacientes oncológicos, durante marzo y abril de 2012. Variable principal. Escala de satisfacción con la Vida de Diener. Variables de control, variables sociodemográficas, variables clínicas, variables de ocio y tiempo libre. Análisis estadístico: se realizó un análisis descriptivo y comparativo de las variables categóricas y continuas, según la naturaleza de las mismas se hizo uso de la prueba de Ji-cuadrado y el Anova de un factor. Dicho estudio cumple con los principios bioéticos y la aprobación del comité de investigación del centro en el que se han obtenido los datos.Resultados: el perfil del paciente que acude a hospital del día oncológico, es mayoritariamente de una mujer de mediana edad, siendo este perfil más predominante en el grupo de los familiares. Donde los familiares tienen una menor satisfacción con la vida, comparado con los pacientes. No existiendo relación significativa, con variables como las creencias religiosas, tiempo dedicado al ocio o las variables relacionadas con el tipo de tumor. Obteniendo significación estadística en una mayor satisfacción con la vida relacionada con el estado civil.Conclusiones: Los familiares estudiados tuvieron un peor afrontamiento de la enfermedad que los pacientes, estando relacionada la misma con el estado civil, no obteniendo ninguna relación con otras variables.
A survey of the eutrophication state of an urbanized tropical estuary, the case of the Great Vitória Estuarine System, Brazil.
Authors: Grilo Caroline F. , Dos Santos Carina C. , Boina Catarina D. , Pinto Taciana K.O. , Barroso Gilberto F. , Neto Renato R. , Ribeiro de Castro Eustáquio Vinicius , De Araújo Vicente Maristela
Published: September 2016

Although, estuarine ecosystems have an ecological and economical importance as they have a high  biological productivity and occur within a unique and dynamic environment, they have been subjected to anthropogenic alterations. The Great Vitória Estuarine System (GVES), Espírito Santo State, Brazil, is not an exception, as urbanization is growing around it with a high quantity of sewage been added to the system. In order to evaluate the eutrophication state as well as the meiofauna response to it, several parameters in both sediments and in the water column were assessed. Orthophosphate, nitrite, nitrate, ammonia, chla and Fecal Coliform counts (FC) ranged from 0.2 to 3.2 μM, 0.25 to 1.14 μM, 1.83 to 0.19μM, 4.19 to 49.23 μM, 0.61 to 6.72 μg/L and 14 to 5.0x104 MPN/100 mL of water, respectively. These results showed that the GVES is under an eutrophication process and that the Passagem Channel experienced the largest impacts. Sewage plays an important role in this eutrophication process as indicated by PCA and correlations tests. The density of meiofauna showed similar values to those found in environments with similar levels of anthropogenic stress. This multi-approach evaluation revealed several aspects of the impacted estuary and could be used as an important tool to manage better the estuary.
Results of proteinuria measurement using semiquantitative dipstick in children with fever or nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Alaydrus Chatidjah , Soenarto Yati , Damanik M. P.
Published: September 2016

Background Proteinuria is a major determinant of the progressionof renal disease. Quantitative measurement of proteinuria withina 24-hour period of urine collection was the accepted method ofevaluation, but is tedious and prone to error in the absence of areliable collection. We evaluated the diagnostic value of AUTIONSticks 10 TA to diagnose proteinuria in children with fever andnephrotic syndrome.Methods This study was conducted at the pediatric ward of SardjitoHospital. Proteinuria levels were measured using semiquantitativedipstick methods with AUTION Sticks 10 TA using a 24-hoururine sample collected at the first examination until the followingday. Proteinuria level was also measured by Esbach method as goldstandard.Results A total of 120 children aged 16 years old were recruited. Inthe fever group, AUTION Sticks 10 TA couldn’t be used for thediagnostic test. AUTION Sticks 10 TA +2 to diagnose intermediateproteinuria produced a sensitivity of 60%, a specificity of 89%, apositive predictive value of 43% , a negative predictive value of94%, a positive likelihood ratio of 5.4, a negative likelihood ratio of0.45. To diagnose nephrotic proteinuria, AUTION Sticks 10 TA+3/+4 produced a sensitivity of 90%, a specificity of 91%, a positivepredictive value of 96%, a negative predictive value of 77%, apositive likelihood ratio of 10, a negative likelihood ratio of 0.11.Conclusion AUTION Sticks 10 TA +2 is sufficiently accuratefor a diagnostic test of intermediate proteinuria (Esbach value)while +3/+4 is sufficiently accurate for a diagnostic test ofnephrotic proteinuria (Esbach value) in children. In the fevergroup, dipstick result can not explain the Esbach value.
Effect of oral sugar solution for reducing pain in infants underwent diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus (DPT) im- munization: a randomized, double-blind controlled trial
Authors: Priambodo Arief , Julia Madarina , Ismail Djauhar
Published: September 2016

Background Infants are often subjected to painful procedures suchas diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus (DTP) immunization. Despiteits negative effects, pain in infants has not got enough attention.Sweet oral solution has analgesic effect.Objective To determine whether oral sugar solution can reducethe duration of crying in infants who got DTP immunization.Methods This was a randomized, double-blind controlled trialperformed at Growth and Development Clinic of Dr. SardjitoGeneral Hospital and two Primary Health Centers in Yogyakarta.Study subjects were 4-6 month-old infants who got the 3 rd DTPimmunization. Subjects were randomly allocated to receive 2 ml75% oral sugar solution (intervention group) or 2 ml drinkingwater (placebo) just before the immunization. Crying was recordedfrom just before the injection until 3 minutes after.Results Eighty-six subjects were enrolled; 42 subjects receivedsugar solution and 44 subjects received placebo. Sugar solutionreduced the median duration of first cry about 38 seconds or 32%(P=0.03) and reduced the median duration of total crying about35 seconds or 24% (P=0.02).Conclusion Administration of 2 ml 75% oral sugar solution canalleviate pain associated with DTP immunization as shown byreduced duration of crying.
Association between nutritional status and outcome of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with Wijaya Kusuma Protocol
Authors: Herintya Fransiska , Mulatsih Sri , Prawirohartono Endy Paryanto
Published: September 2016

Background Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the mostcommon malignancy in childhood. Malnutrition in malignancypatients including ALL is one of major problems. This conditionis found at the time of diagnosis as a result of the disease itself orafter, chemotherapy or radiation. Many studies have beenconducted to determine the relationship between nutritional stateand outcome of childhood ALL patients but the result was stillcontroversial.Objective To determine relative risk of death and relapse inchildhood standard-risk ALL who received therapy using WijayaKusuma protocol.Methods This was a retrospective cohort study. Newly-diagnosedpatients since May 1999-December 2004 were taken for this study.Body mass index was used to measure nutritional status for >2years old children, and weight-for-height was used for those of=2 years old. Data was obtained from Yogyakarta Pediatric CancerRegistry Dr. Sardjito Hospital. Chi-squared test was used to analyzethe proportion difference and risk relative was used to determinerisk for death and relapse.Results One-hundred and forty five patients included in this study.There was no association between nutritional state and relapse(RR 1.1, 95% CI 0.76;1.61). Logistic regression analysis showedthat there was association between nutritional state and death(RR 2.34, 95% CI 1.01;5.45). Sepsis and relapse have contributionto death as well (RR 6.75, 95% CI 2.9;15.4 and RR 3.2, 95% CI1. 3;8.08 respectively).Conclusion Nutritional status is not associatiated with relapsebut is associated with death of ALL children.
Comparison of monotherapy effect of phenytoin, carbamazapine and valproic acid in pediatric general tonic clonic and partial epilepsy
Authors: Nugroho Muchamad Budi , Herini E. S. , Sunartini Sunartini
Published: September 2016

Background Problems on epilepsy do not only depend on thedisease itself but also on management and drug regimens. Drugselection is very important to yield optimal treatment effect andto prevent side effects due to long-term therapy.Objective To determine whether there are any different effectsof monotherapy of phenytoin, carbamazapine, and valproic acidon pediatric general tonic clonic and partial epilepsy.Methods We conducted a historical cohort study on one monthuntil 18-years old children diagnosed as general tonic clonic orparsial epilepsy treated with phenytoin, carbamazapine, or valproicacid routinely for more than two years in Sardjito Hospital fromJanuary 2000 until May 2007. The sample size of each group was41. The main outcome was the time of 12-month remission,whereas the secondary outcomes were withdrawal from treatment,time to remission, side effects and cure rates.Results Valproic acid increased the possibility to achieve 12-monthremission (RR 2.66; 95%CI 1.06;6.65) compared to phenytoin,whereas carbamazapine did not (RR 1.47; 95%CI 0.66;3.28).Survival analysis showed that valproic acid was better thancarbamazapine (P=0.042) and phenytoin (P=0.007). There wereno significant differences among groups in the result of withdrawalfrom treatment, time to remission, and cure variables. The sideeffects of valproic acid seemed less than those of others.Conclusions Valproic acid increases the possibility of 12-monthremission compared to carbamazapine and phenytoin asmonotherapy in pediatric general tonic clonic and partial epilepsywithout increasing side effects. Carbamazapine has similar effectsof therapy to phenytoin.
Right atrial tumor suspected myxoma in an 11-year-old girl
Authors: Dewi I.A. Sri Kusuma , Winaya I.B. Agung
Published: September 2016

Myxomas are generally polypoid, often pedun-culated, rarely sessile, and round or oval, with smoothor soft lobulated surface. The tumor size ranges from1 to 15 cm in diameter; mostly are 5 to 6 cm. Mostmyxomas originate from left atrium. Right-sidedmyxomas are extremely rare and can present withnonspecific signs and symptoms. Despite the lackof symptoms and signs they should have a surgicalresection. Surgical removal of the tumors should beperformed as soon as possible because the long termprognosis is excellent and recurrences are rare.This paper reports a case of right atrial myxoma inan 11-year-old girl.
Outcomes of prevention of HIV mother-to-child transmission in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital
Authors: Muktiarti Dina , Kurniati Nia , Akib Arwin , Munasir Zakiudin
Published: September 2016

Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionis increasing worldwide. One foute of HIV transmission is frommother to child, during pregnancy, delivery or breastfeeding.Prevention of mother􀁂to􀁂child transmission may be an effectivestrategy to reduce the cases of new HIV infections.Objectives To investigate the incidence of HIV infection ininfants born to mothers with HIV and who received prophylactictherapy at birth, as well as to note the outcomes of HIVinfectedchildren in this program.Methods This retrospective study was carried out over a 9􀁂yearperiod, from January 20 03 to December 2011. The participantswere HIVexposed infants who attended the HIV clinic, at theDepartment of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital,Jakarta. Infants were treated according to the prevention ofmother􀁂to􀁂child transmission (PMTCT) protocol at CMH.Parents' and infants' data was recorded. The end point of thisstudy was recording of HIVinfection status in the infants.Results There were 238 infants included in this study. HIVinfection was confirmed in 6 (2.5%) infants, while 170 (71.4%)subjects were uninfected, and 62 (26.1%) subjects were lostto follow􀁂up. No subjects who underwent complete PMTCTmanagement were infected. Most subjects were male, full􀁂tenn,and delivered by caesarean section in our hospital. The mostfrequently observed parental risk factor was intravenous druguse. Maternal antiretroviral therapy (ART) was given duringpregnancy in most cases. Morbidities in all subjects were low.Conclusion The PMTCT program at CMH was effective forreducing the number ofHIVinfected infants from mothers withHIY. [Paediatrlndanes. 2012;52:294-9].
Detecting data errors
Authors: Abedjan Ziawasch , Chu Xu , Deng Dong , Fernandez Raul Castro , Ilyas Ihab F. , Ouzzani Mourad , Papotti Paolo , Stonebraker Michael , Tang Nan
Published: September 2016

Data cleaning has played a critical role in ensuring data quality for enterprise applications. Naturally, there has been extensive research in this area, and many data cleaning algorithms have been translated into tools to detect and to possibly repair certain classes of errors such as outliers, duplicates, missing values, and violations of integrity constraints. Since different types of errors may coexist in the same data set, we often need to run more than one kind of tool. In this paper, we investigate two pragmatic questions: (1)
are these tools robust enough to capture most errors in real-world data sets
? and (2)
what is the best strategy to holistically run multiple tools to optimize the detection effort?
To answer these two questions, we obtained multiple data cleaning tools that utilize a variety of error detection techniques. We also collected five real-world data sets, for which we could obtain both the raw data and the ground truth on existing errors. In this paper, we report our experimental findings on the errors detected by the tools we tested. First, we show that the coverage of each tool is well below 100%. Second, we show that the order in which multiple tools are run makes a big difference. Hence, we propose a holistic multi-tool strategy that orders the invocations of the available tools to maximize their benefit, while minimizing human effort in verifying results. Third, since this holistic approach still does not lead to acceptable error coverage, we discuss two simple strategies that have the potential to improve the situation, namely domain specific tools and data enrichment. We close this paper by reasoning about the errors that are not detectable by any of the tools we tested.
Distance-based outlier detection in data streams
Authors: Tran Luan , Fan Liyue , Shahabi Cyrus
Published: September 2016

Continuous outlier detection in data streams has important applications in fraud detection, network security, and public health. The arrival and departure of data objects in a streaming manner impose new challenges for outlier detection algorithms, especially in time and space efficiency. In the past decade, several studies have been performed to address the problem of
distance-based
outlier detection in data streams (DODDS), which adopts an unsupervised definition and does not have any distributional assumptions on data values. Our work is motivated by the lack of comparative evaluation among the state-of-the-art algorithms using the same datasets on the same platform. We systematically evaluate the most recent algorithms for DODDS under various stream settings and outlier rates. Our extensive results show that in most settings, the MCOD algorithm offers the superior performance among all the algorithms, including the most recent algorithm Thresh_LEAP.
Explaining outputs in modern data analytics
Authors: Chothia Zaheer , Liagouris John , McSherry Frank , Roscoe Timothy
Published: September 2016

We report on the design and implementation of a general framework for interactively explaining the outputs of modern data-parallel computations, including iterative data analytics. To produce explanations, existing works adopt a naive backward tracing approach which runs into known issues; naive backward tracing may identify: (i) too much information that is difficult to process, and (ii) not enough information to reproduce the output, which hinders the logical debugging of the program. The contribution of this work is twofold. First, we provide methods to effectively reduce the size of explanations based on the first occurrence of a record in an iterative computation. Second, we provide a general method for identifying explanations that are sufficient to reproduce the target output in arbitrary computations -- a problem for which no viable solution existed until now. We implement our approach on
differential dataflow
, a modern high-throughput, low-latency dataflow platform. We add a small (but extensible) set of rules to explain each of its data-parallel operators, and we implement these rules as differential dataflow operators themselves. This choice allows our implementation to inherit the performance characteristics of differential dataflow, and results in a system that efficiently computes and updates explanatory inputs even as the inputs of the reference computation change. We evaluate our system with various analytic tasks on real datasets, and we show that it produces concise explanations in tens of milliseconds, while remaining faster -- up to two orders of magnitude -- than even the best implementations that do not support explanations.
ATHENA
Authors: Saha Diptikalyan , Floratou Avrilia , Sankaranarayanan Karthik , Minhas Umar Farooq , Mittal Ashish R. , Özcan Fatma
Published: September 2016

In this paper, we present ATHENA, an ontology-driven system for natural language querying of complex relational databases. Natural language interfaces to databases enable users easy access to data, without the need to learn a complex query language, such as SQL. ATHENA uses domain specific ontologies, which describe the semantic entities, and their relationships in a domain. We propose a unique two-stage approach, where the input natural language query (NLQ) is first translated into an intermediate query language over the ontology, called OQL, and subsequently translated into SQL. Our two-stage approach allows us to decouple the physical layout of the data in the relational store from the semantics of the query, providing physical independence. Moreover, ontologies provide richer semantic information, such as inheritance and membership relations, that are lost in a relational schema. By reasoning over the ontologies, our NLQ engine is able to accurately capture the user intent. We study the effectiveness of our approach using three different workloads on top of geographical (GEO), academic (MAS) and financial (FIN) data. ATHENA achieves 100% precision on the GEO and MAS workloads, and 99% precision on the FIN workload which operates on a complex financial ontology. Moreover, ATHENA attains 87.2%, 88.3%, and 88.9% recall on the GEO, MAS, and FIN workloads, respectively.
Chantal Akerman Interview, Chicago: 1976/2016
Authors: Rich B. Ruby
Published: September 2016

In this historical video interview from 1976 Chantal Akerman discusses her early films and the development of her particular vision with B. Ruby Rich. This transcript also includes an introduction written for this Film Quarterly special issue by Rich, which provides added context for the reader in order to understand and appreciate this voice from the archive. Akerman was just becoming known at the time this interview was recorded: even cinephiles did not yet know her name. Her earlier work had not been shown or written about in the United States, and had barely been given any attention at all. This interview, therefore, represents what is very much a getting-to-know-you conversation, for there was little available to read about her in 1976, nothing about the earlier work, and pre-internet, no access to any of it. The video interview is available from Video Data Bank, who generously granted FQ permission to publish the transcript.
Walking, Talking, Singing, Exploding…and Silence: Chantal Akerman's Soundtracks
Authors: McBane Barbara
Published: September 2016

Chantal Akerman's sound strategies are defining elements of a unique film language noted for effects that feel close to direct experience and seem to approximate the passing of real time. Drawing from a range of Akerman's films, from Saute ma ville (1968) to No Home Movie (2015), five categories of sound that are of special interest in Akerman's films are considered: walking, talking, singing (music), exploding, and silence. Local examples are analyzed to give a sense of how, within these five categories, Akerman cultivated an overall tactic of desynchronization – often separating layers of sound from one another within the soundtrack, and always working the soundtrack as a whole against the visual image track – to amplify effects of immediacy and temporal complexity, and to generate layers of meaning powerfully but indirectly.
Medical Genetics and the First Studies of the Genetics of Populations in Mexico
Authors: Barahona Ana
Published: September 2016

Following World War II (WWII), there was a new emphasis within genetics on studying the genetic composition of populations. This probably had a dual source in the growing strength of evolutionary biology and the new international interest in understanding the effects of radiation on human populations, following the atomic bombings in Japan. These global concerns were shared by Mexican physicians. Indeed, Mexico was one of the leading centers of this trend in human genetics. Three leading players in this story were Mario Salazar Mallén, Adolfo Karl, and Rubén Lisker. Their trajectories and the international networks in human genetics that were established after WWII, paved the way for the establishment of medical and population genetics in Mexico. Salazar Mallén’s studies on the distribution and characterization of ABO blood groups in indigenous populations were the starting point while Karl’s studies on the distribution of abnormal hemoglobin in Mexican indigenous populations showed the relationships observed in other laboratories at the time. It was Lisker’s studies, however, that were instrumental in the development of population genetics in the context of national public policies for extending health care services to the Mexican population. In particular, he conducted studies on Mexican indigenous groups contributing to the knowledge of the biological diversity of human populations according to international trends that focused on the variability of human populations in terms of genetic frequencies. From the start, however, Lisker was as committed to the reconstruction of shared languages and practices as he was to building networks of collaboration in order to guarantee the necessary groundwork for establishing the study of the genetics of human populations in Mexico. This study also allows us to place Mexican science within a global context in which connected narratives describe the interplay between global trends and national contexts.
Lesiones del anillo apofisario vertebral: A proposito de un caso
Authors: Aguer Santiago , Chahla Jorge , Otero Damian , Gelosi Federico
Published: September 2016

Numerosos estudios han demostrado cambios radiológicos en columnas de jóvenes atletas, especialmente en aquellos deportes con altas cargas a nivel del raquis, como la lucha, gimnasia artística o deportes acuáticos de salto.

El objetivo del presente estudio es el reporte de la evolución de una gimnasta de elite con lesión del anillo apofisario y lesión consecuente del disco intervertebral. Para ello se realizó el seguimiento clínico y radiográfico de dicha paciente por 5 años.

La fractura del núcleo de osificación epifisario es una entidad muy rara, descrita excepcionalmente en la literatura. Existe un predominio en el varón y más frecuentemente en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes, que practican actividades deportivas de competición. Las localizaciones más típicas son a nivel del margen inferior de L4, seguidas del margen superior de S1 y del superior de L5.

La evolución con tratamiento conservador suele ser favorable, no existiendo diferencias significativas con la evolución de los pacientes tratados quirúrgicamente.
Es una patología poco frecuente, muchas veces subdiagnosticada que debe ser diagnostico diferencial obligado en un atleta de alto rendimiento con dolor lumbar. Y si bien el tratamiento conservador suele tener buen resultado a corto plazo permitiendo el retorno deportivo competitivo conduce a mediano y largo plazo a cambios degenerativos articulares vertebrales
Lesión de Monteggia equivalente de presentación tardía en una niña de 6 años A propósito de un caso
Authors: Pino Almero Laura , Mínguez Rey M Fe , Morante Rodríguez Elena , Sentamans Segarra Salvador , Gomar Sancho Francisco
Published: September 2016

Las lesiones de Monteggia en los niños pueden pasar desapercibidas con facilidad, sobre todo, las variantes equivalentes. Es importante su diagnóstico y tratamiento precoces para evitar una cronificación de la lesión y, por lo tanto, una secuela funcional y cosmética, cuyo tratamiento es controvertido y puede conllevar graves complicaciones. Se presenta un caso poco frecuente de lesión de Monteggia equivalente en una niña de 6 años, que consiste en una deformidad plástica del cúbito proximal con un desplazamiento posterolateral de la cabeza del radio. Se trató al mes de la lesión mediante una reducción cerrada de la cabeza del radio, asociada a una osteotomía dorsal en cuña de cierre y extensora de unos 2 mm del cúbito proximal; se obtuvo un buen resultado.
Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Influenza in Children, 2016–2017
Authors:   COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Byington Carrie L. , Maldonado Yvonne A. , Barnett Elizabeth D. , Campbell James D. , Davies H. Dele , Edwards Kathryn M. , Lynfield Ruth , Munoz Flor M. , Nolt Dawn L. , Nyquist Ann-Christine , O’Leary Sean T. , Rathore Mobeen H. , Sawyer Mark H. , Steinbach William J. , Tan Tina Q. , Zaoutis Theoklis E.
Published: September 2016

The purpose of this statement is to update recommendations for the routine use of seasonal influenza vaccine and antiviral medications for the prevention and treatment of influenza in children. The AAP recommends annual seasonal influenza immunization for everyone 6 months and older, including children and adolescents. Highlights for the upcoming 2016–2017 season include the following:

1. Annual universal influenza immunization is indicated with either a trivalent or quadrivalent (no preference) inactivated vaccine.

2. The 2016–2017 influenza A (H3N2) vaccine strain differs from that contained in the 2015–2016 seasonal vaccines. The 2016–2017 influenza B vaccine strain (Victoria lineage) included in the trivalent vaccine differs from that contained in the 2015–2016 seasonal trivalent vaccines (Yamagata lineage).

 a. Trivalent vaccine contains an A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)pdm09–like virus, an A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 (H3N2)–like virus, and a B/Brisbane/60/2008-like virus (B/Victoria lineage).

 b. Quadrivalent vaccine contains an additional B virus (B/Phuket/3073/2013-like virus [B/Yamagata lineage]).

3. Quadrivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV4) should not be used in any setting during the 2016–2017 influenza season in light of the evidence for poor effectiveness of LAIV4 in recent seasons, particularly against influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 viruses.

4. All children with egg allergy can receive influenza vaccine with no additional precautions from those of routine vaccinations.

5. All HCP should receive an annual influenza vaccine, a crucial step in preventing influenza and reducing health care–associated influenza infections. Because HCP may care for or live with people at high risk of influenza-related complications, it is especially important for them to get vaccinated annually.

6. Pediatricians should attempt to promptly identify children suspected of having influenza for rapid antiviral treatment, when indicated, to reduce morbidity and mortality.
TROPHIC RELATIONS OF LADY BEETLES (COLEOPTERA, COCCINELLIDAE) OF THE URALS
Authors: Tyumaseva Z. I. , Guskova E. V.
Published: September 2016

The article contains the study of the trophic relations of the lady beetles living in the Urals. The study allocates three ecological groups depending on the peculiarities of the beetles and larvae nutrition: phytophages, micetophages, and entomophages-predators. We have revealed 66 species of lady birds-predators and two species-phytophages: Subcoccinella vigintiquatuorpunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) and Bulaea lichatschovii (Hummel, 1827). In the group of obligatory micetophages in the Urals we registered the representatives of the tribe Halyziini, it is Halyzia sedecimguttata (Linnaeus, 1758) and Psyllobora vigintiduopunctata (Linnaeus, 1758).
ABOUT SPECIES INDEPENDENCE OF POLYSTICHUM SUBTRIPTERON TZVEL.
Authors: Kreshchenok I. A. , Sinitsyna T. A. , Kutsev M. G. , Smirnov S. V. , Shmakov A. I.
Published: September 2016

The article discusses the species independence of Polystichum subtripteron Tzvel. The spore structure and size of 2 closely related species – P. subtripteron and P. tripteron were studied. Morphological differences of fronds fit into the overall range of variation; there are no differences in the spore external structure. DNA fragment analysis (ISSR) of 19 specimens of both species was conducted. Fragment analysis revealed no significant differences between P. tripteron and P. subtripteron samples. All differences are probably due to genetic isolation of populations, and the island populations are closer together. On the basis of the research we conclude that in the Far East one species Polystichum tripteron grows, and P. subtripteron can be considered its synonym.
МЕТОДИКА РАСЧЕТА ВОДНОГО БАЛАНСА ДЛЯ СУХОЙ СТЕПИ ЮГА ЗАПАДНОЙ СИБИРИ ПО ДАННЫМ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ МОНИТОРИНГОВОЙ СЕТИ
Authors: Meissner R. , Bondarovich A. A. , Scherbinin V. V. , Ponkina E. V. , Matsyura A. V. , Puzanov A. V. , Rupp H. , Schmidt G. , Stephan E. , Illiger P. , Fruhauf M. , Harlamova N. F. , Galahov V. P. , Balykin D. V. , Rudev N. V.
Published: September 2016

The study of the water balance is not only of great practical importance, but also of interest from the standpoint of basic science for the researchers of the steppe zone, which has traditionally attracted people for its climate and soil resources. The article presents the results obtained from a network of automatic stations deployed in the framework of the Russian-German scientific cooperation in the field of climate, soil, and hydrological monitoring for 2012-2015. The instrumental data were obtained and the method of soil water balance calculation was performed on the basis of data of automatic weather station observations and lysimetric stations of new generation in the conditions of Western Siberia.

 
ВПЛИВ РЕГУЛЯТОРУ РОСТУ ЗА УМОВ ДІЇ АНТРОПОГЕННИХ ЧИННИКІВ ДОВКІЛЛЯ
Authors: Vasilyuk O. M.
Published: September 2016

The paper analyses the general (GА, nM pyruvic acid/ml∙second) and specific (SA, nM pyruvic acid /mg second) transferase enzyme activity of protein metabolism (Аlanine aminotransferase ALT, EC 2.6.1.2, and Аspartate aminotransferase, AST, EC 2.6.1.1) in Salix alba L. leaves, that planted on the banks of Mokra Sura River (anthropogenic polluted, increased level of salinity) and Shpakova River (relatively clean, control) which are parts of Dnipro River Basin of Steppe Dnipro Region. We used the plant growth regulator “Kornevin” in order to accelerate rooting and reducing of exogenous pressures on the plant. We registered the Aminotransferase nonspecific reaction towards anthropogenic pressure, which was associated with the formation of non-specific mechanisms of adaptation to support the homeostasis. We revealed the significant differences between experiment and control in index of protein synthesis and metabolism depending on the conditions of growth and development. Protective and leveling effects of growth regulator have been proved. The advisability of using the "Kornevin" as an adaptogene and a protector in variable environmental conditions have been indicated.

Salix alba L., increased level of salinity, growth regulators, alaninaminotransferase, aspartataminotransferase, adaptogene, anthropogenic factors
Mellkasi panasz ritka oka
Authors: Bodócsi Beáta , Koncz István , Hum Zsigmond , Serfőző Orsolya , Pap-Szekeres József , Szabó István
Published: September 2016

Chest pain is a common symptom in patients who visit Emergency Departments. The main task is to exclude life-threatening diseases such as acute coronary syndrome, pulmonary embolization and dissection of thoracic aorta. The authors present the history of a patient, who had an intense chest pain for 7 hours. In accordance with the diagnostic algorithm of chest pain, ECG, blood collection, chest X-ray and chest computed tomography angiography were performed. Acute coronary syndrome, pulmonary embolization and dissection of the thoracic aorta were excluded, however, chest computed tomography CT revealed a huge hiatal hernia as an incidental finding. An emergency surgical repair was performed and the patient recovered without any complications. The authors emphasize that the diagnostic algorithms focus on the confirmation or rejection of possible life threatening diseases in case of chest pain. However, it should be kept in mind that rarer causes may occur, which may require involvement of the relevant disciplines and multidisciplinary thinking. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(36), 1445–1448.
Functionalized Regioregular Polyalkylthiophenes for Biosensing Applications
Authors: Higgins Simon J. , Mouffouk Fouzi , Brown Stewart J. , Sedghi Naser , Eccleston Bill , Reeman Stuart
Published: September 2016

A regioregular copolymer of 3–hexylthiophene and 3–(6–hydroxyhexan–1yl)thiophene has been functionalised with biotin hydrazide; binding of avidin to the biotin moieties causes drastic changes to the absorption spectrum of the polymer in solution, and to the electrochemistry and conductivity of the polymer in thin films.