bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Addressing Wildfire Risk in Forest Management Planning with Multiple Criteria Decision Making Methods
Authors: Marques Susete , Marto Marco , Bushenkov Vladimir , McDill Marc , Borges JoséG.
Published: February 2017

Wildfires impact the outcomes of forest management plans. Addressing that impact is thus critical for effective forest ecosystem management planning. This paper presents research on the use of multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) methods that integrate wildfire risk in planning contexts characterized by multiple objectives. Specifically, an a posteriori preference modeling approach is developed that adds wildfire criteria to a set of objectives representing ecosystem services supply values. Wildfire risk criteria are derived from stand-level wildfire occurrence and damage models as well as from the characteristics of neighboring stands that may impact wildfire probability and spread. A forested landscape classified into 1976 stands is used for testing purposes. The management planning criteria include the carbon stock, harvest volumes for three forest species, the volume of the ending inventory, and resistance to wildfire risk indicators. Results show the potential of multiple criteria decision making methods to provide information about trade-offs between wildfire risk and the supply of provisioning (timber) as well as regulatory (carbon) ecosystem services. This information may contribute to the effectiveness of forest ecosystem management planning.
A Feasibility Assessment of Photovoltaic Power Systems in Ireland; a Case Study for the Dublin Region
Authors: Murphy Fionnuala , McDonnell Kevin
Published: February 2017

Photovoltaic (PV) power generation is one of the cleanest sources for producing renewable energy; however uptake on the Irish renewable energy market to date has been low. There is a lack of support for solar PV systems in Ireland; there is currently no solar PV energy feed-in-tariff as there are for other renewable energy systems in Ireland. Despite the current lack of support, the Government has indicated that support for the uptake of solar PV installations will be provided through the provision of a feed-in tariff in the future. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of installing PV systems under Irish climatic conditions at a location based in Dublin, Ireland, from a technical, environmental and economic point of view. This was achieved by carrying out a life cycle assessment of potential environmental impacts, and analysis of energy and economic payback times relating to the proposed PV system. Four possible renewable feed-in-tariffs (based on existing feed-in-tariffs for other renewable energy systems) were considered to determine the effect of such tariffs on the overall economics of the proposed PV system. Results show that life cycle GHG emissions are 69 g CO2-eq per kWh generated by the system, significantly lower than the current electricity grid mix emissions of 469 g CO2-eq per kWh. It will take 5.23 years of operation of the solar plant to generate the same amount of energy (in terms of primary energy equivalent) that was used to produce the system itself. The economic payback time varies from 19.3 and 34.4 years depending on the rate of renewable energy feed-in-tariff applied. The costs for the production of PV electricity in this study are higher than is usual in countries where the solar PV market is more developed, e.g., Germany, due to constraints with building integration and lack of experienced PV installers. As more PV is deployed, the Irish PV installer base will increase and ‘learning by doing’ effects will allow installers to install projects more efficiently and quickly under Irish conditions, leading to significantly reduced costs.
The Suitability of Different Nighttime Light Data for GDP Estimation at Different Spatial Scales and Regional Levels
Authors: Dai Zhaoxin , Hu Yunfeng , Zhao Guanhua
Published: February 2017

Nighttime light data offer a unique view of the Earth’s surface and can be used to estimate the spatial distribution of gross domestic product (GDP). Historically, using a simple regression function, the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program’s Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) has been used to correlate regional and global GDP values. In early 2013, the first global Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) visible infrared imaging radiometer suite (VIIRS) nighttime light data were released. Compared with DMSP/OLS, they have a higher spatial resolution and a wider radiometric detection range. This paper aims to study the suitability of the two nighttime light data sources for estimating the GDP relationship between the provincial and city levels in Mainland China, as well as of different regression functions. First, NPP/VIIRS nighttime light data for 2014 are corrected with DMSP/OLS data for 2013 to reduce the background noise in the original data. Subsequently, three regression functions are used to estimate the relationship between nighttime light data and GDP statistical data at the provincial and city levels in Mainland China. Then, through the comparison of the relative residual error (RE) and the relative root mean square error (RRMSE) parameters, a systematical assessment of the suitability of the GDP estimation is provided. The results show that the NPP/VIIRS nighttime light data are better than the DMSP/OLS data for GDP estimation, whether at the provincial or city level, and that the power function and polynomial models are better for GDP estimation than the linear regression model. This study reveals that the accuracy of GDP estimation based on nighttime light data is affected by the resolution of the data and the spatial scale of the study area, as well as by the land cover types and industrial structures of the study area.
Long-Term Hydrocarbon Trade Options for the Maghreb Region and Europe—Renewable Energy Based Synthetic Fuels for a Net Zero Emissions World
Authors: Fasihi Mahdi , Bogdanov Dmitrii , Breyer Christian
Published: February 2017

Concerns about climate change and increasing emission costs are drivers for new sources of fuels for Europe. Sustainable hydrocarbons can be produced synthetically by power-to-gas (PtG) and power-to-liquids (PtL) facilities, for sectors with low direct electrification such as aviation, heavy transportation and chemical industry. Hybrid PV–Wind power plants can harvest high solar and wind potentials of the Maghreb region to power these systems. This paper calculates the cost of these fuels for Europe, and presents a respective business case for the Maghreb region. Calculations are hourly resolved to find the least cost combination of technologies in a 0.45° × 0.45° spatial resolution. Results show that, for 7% weighted average cost of capital (WACC), renewable energy based synthetic natural gas (RE-SNG) and RE-diesel can be produced in 2030 for a minimum cost of 76 €/MWhHHV (0.78 €/m3SNG) and 88 €/MWhHHV (0.85 €/L), respectively. While in 2040, these production costs can drop to 66 €/MWhHHV (0.68 €/m3SNG) and 83 €/MWhHHV (0.80 €/L), respectively. Considering access to a WACC of 5% in a de-risking project, oxygen sales and CO2 emissions costs, RE-diesel can reach fuel-parity at crude oil prices of 101 and 83 USD/bbl in 2030 and 2040, respectively. Thus, RE-synthetic fuels could be produced to answer fuel demand and remove environmental concerns in Europe at an affordable cost.
Assessment of Soil Health in Urban Agriculture: Soil Enzymes and Microbial Properties
Authors: Igalavithana Avanthi , Lee Sang , Niazi Nabeel , Lee Young-Han , Kim Kye , Park Jeong-Hun , Moon Deok , Ok Yong
Published: February 2017

Urban agriculture has been recently highlighted with the increased importance for recreation in modern society; however, soil quality and public health may not be guaranteed because of continuous exposure to various pollutants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the soil quality of urban agriculture by soil microbial assessments. Two independent variables, organic and inorganic fertilizers, were considered. The activities of soil enzymes including dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase, arylsulfatase, urease, alkaline and acid phosphatases were used as indicators of important microbial mediated functions and the soil chemical properties were measured in the soils applied with organic or inorganic fertilizer for 10 years. Fatty acid methyl ester analysis was applied to determine the soil microbial community composition. Relatively higher microbial community richness and enzyme activities were found in the organic fertilizers applied soils as compared to the inorganic fertilizers applied soils. Principal component analysis explained the positive influence of organic fertilizers on the microbial community. The application of organic fertilizers can be a better alternative compared to inorganic fertilizers for the long-term health and security of urban agriculture.
Causes for Adaptation: Access to Forests, Markets and Representation in Eastern Senegal
Authors: Faye Papa , Ribot Jesse
Published: February 2017

Adaptation is a means of reducing vulnerability. So, understanding causes of vulnerability should help to achieve adaptation. Why, then, are people vulnerable? Why do expected dry spells turn into hunger? Why do mere droughts become disasters? This article shows some of the multiscale processes that make the lives of people in the forests of Eastern Senegal precarious; it outlines processes that reduce forest villagers’ access to resources, lucrative markets and political representation. These are the processes that place villagers at risk when exposed to stressors— climate or otherwise. In this case, the Forest Service applies double standards—favoring urban merchants while subordinating forest villagers—through the making, interpretation, implementation and circumvention of laws and regulations. The wealth of the poor is continuously expropriated by a well-adapted extractive apparatus, enriching urban merchants while leaving villagers incapacitated. These people may lack adaptive capacity or capability or assets or social protections, but those lacks have causes. “Adaptation” without identifying and addressing these root causes is palliative at best. Security requires emancipatory transformations.
Bee Venom Phospholipase A2 Ameliorates House Dust Mite Extract Induced Atopic Dermatitis Like Skin Lesions in Mice
Authors: Jung Kyung-Hwa , Baek Hyunjung , Kang Manho , Kim Namsik , Lee Seung , Bae Hyunsu
Published: February 2017

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a biphasic inflammatory skin disease that is provoked by epidermal barrier defects, immune dysregulation, and increased skin infections. Previously, we have demonstrated that bvPLA2 evoked immune tolerance by inducing regulatory T cells (Treg), and thus alleviated Th2 dominant allergic asthma in mice. Here, we would like to determine whether treatment with bvPLA2 exacerbates the AD-like allergic inflammations induced by house dust mite extract (DFE) in a murine model. Epidermal thickness, immune cell infiltration, serum immunoglobulin, and cytokines were measured. Ear swelling, skin lesions, and the levels of total serum IgE and Th1/Th2 cytokines were elevated in DFE/DNCB-induced AD mice. Topical application of bvPLA2 elicited significant suppression of the increased AD symptoms, including ear thickness, serum IgE concentration, inflammatory cytokines, and histological changes. Furthermore, bvPLA2 treatment inhibited mast cell infiltration into the ear. On the other hand, Treg cell depletion abolished the anti-atopic effects of bvPLA2, suggesting that the effects of bvPLA2 depend on the existence of Tregs. Taken together, the results revealed that topical exposure to bvPLA2 aggravated atopic skin inflammation, suggesting that bvPLA2 might be a candidate for the treatment of AD.
Genetic Assessment of African Swine Fever Isolates Involved in Outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of Congo between 2005 and 2012 Reveals Co-Circulation of p72 Genotypes I, IX and XIV, Including 19 Variants
Authors: Mulumba–Mfumu Leopold , Achenbach Jenna , Mauldin Matthew , Dixon Linda , Tshilenge Curé , Thiry Etienne , Moreno Noelia , Blanco Esther , Saegerman Claude , Lamien Charles , Diallo Adama
Published: February 2017

African swine fever (ASF) is a devastating disease of domestic pigs. It is a socioeconomically important disease, initially described from Kenya, but subsequently reported in most Sub-Saharan countries. ASF spread to Europe, South America and the Caribbean through multiple introductions which were initially eradicated—except for Sardinia—followed by re‑introduction into Europe in 2007. In this study of ASF within the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 62 domestic pig samples, collected between 2005–2012, were examined for viral DNA and sequencing at multiple loci: C-terminus of the B646L gene (p72 protein), central hypervariable region (CVR) of the B602L gene, and the E183L gene (p54 protein). Phylogenetic analyses identified three circulating genotypes: I (64.5% of samples), IX (32.3%), and XIV (3.2%). This is the first evidence of genotypes IX and XIV within this country. Examination of the CVR revealed high levels of intra-genotypic variation, with 19 identified variants.
Epidemiology of Classic and Novel Human Astrovirus: Gastroenteritis and Beyond
Authors: Vu Diem-Lan , Bosch Albert , Pintó Rosa , Guix Susana
Published: February 2017

Since they were identified in 1975, human astroviruses have been considered one of the most important agents of viral acute gastroenteritis in children. However, highly divergent astroviruses infecting humans have been recently discovered and associated with extra-intestinal infections. The report of cases of fatal meningitis and encephalitis, especially in immunocompromised individuals, has broadened their disease spectrum. Although zoonotic transmission among animal and human astroviruses has not been clearly recognized, the genetic similarity between some human and animal viruses makes it likely to occur. This review provides an update on the epidemiology of both classic and novel human astroviruses, and a comprehensive view on confirmed or potential association between astrovirus and human disease.
Where There Is No History: How to Create Trust and Connection in Learning for Transformation in Water Governance
Authors: De Vries Jasper , Van Bommel Séverine , Blackmore Chris , Asano Yoshiko
Published: February 2017

Trust is often seen as an important element in settings of knowledge sharing and the co-creation of knowledge for dealing with transformations in water governance. However, seemingly similar conversations during a co-creation workshop in Uppsala resulted in both trust and distrust, and thereby influenced consequent possibilities for the co-creation of knowledge. Therefore, this article focuses on how trust influences knowledge sharing and how knowledge sharing influences trust. We use a case study approach to analyze the Uppsala co-creation workshop—part of the Climate Change Adaptation and Water Governance (CADWAGO) project—by comparing 25 conversations, making use of theories on swift trust and trust dynamics. We found four different conversation patterns (1) sending; (2) defending; (3) misunderstanding; and (4) connecting. The first three patterns influenced trust negatively and did not lead to knowledge sharing, whereas pattern four showed trust development and co-creation of knowledge. From our comparative analyses, we conclude that trust starts to emerge when there is mutual openness and empathy visible in turn-taking patterns. More specifically, trust emerges when communication styles allow for recognition and exploring underlying needs and wishes, resulting in a more dynamic dialogue, further trust development, and connection between actors. Our list of conversation patterns is provisional but we argue that understanding how different kinds of interactions can lead to trust or distrust is crucial to understanding why and how learning takes place—insights that are essential for fostering learning and transformations in water governance.
Effective Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity for Representing Field-Scale Infiltration and Surface Soil Moisture in Heterogeneous Unsaturated Soils Subjected to Rainfall Events
Authors: Ojha Richa , Corradini Corrado , Morbidelli Renato , Govindaraju Rao
Published: February 2017

Spatial heterogeneity in soil properties has been a challenge for providing field-scale estimates of infiltration rates and surface soil moisture content over natural fields. In this study, we develop analytical expressions for effective saturated hydraulic conductivity for use with the Green-Ampt model to describe field-scale infiltration rates and evolution of surface soil moisture over unsaturated fields subjected to a rainfall event. The heterogeneity in soil properties is described by a log-normal distribution for surface saturated hydraulic conductivity. Comparisons between field-scale numerical and analytical simulation results for water movement in heterogeneous unsaturated soils show that the proposed expressions reproduce the evolution of surface soil moisture and infiltration rate with time. The analytical expressions hold promise for describing mean field infiltration rates and surface soil moisture evolution at field-scale over sandy loam and loamy sand soils.
Accessing the Difference in the Climate Elasticity of Runoff across the Poyang Lake Basin, China
Authors: Fan Hongxiang , Xu Ligang , Tao Hui , Feng Wenjuan , Cheng Junxiang , You Hailin
Published: February 2017

Understanding the effects of climate and catchment properties’ changes on water yield is a challenging component in assessments of future water resources. Here, we spatially applied the water-energy balance equation, based on the widely-used Budyko framework, to quantify the temporal and spatial differences of the climate elasticity of runoff in the Poyang Lake Basin (PYLB), highlighting the influence of the catchment properties’ parameter n variation on the climate elasticity and runoff prediction. By using Sen’s slope and the Mann–Kendall method, we found that, for the whole study period (1960–2010), annual temperature in PYLB significantly increased at a rate of 1.44% per decade. Basin-wide wind speed and net radiation had been declining at 0.17 m/s and 46.30 MJ/m2 per decade. No significant trend was detected in precipitation and relative humidity. The moving average method was applied to evaluate the temporal pattern of n. The results showed that the calibrated catchment properties’ parameter and the derived elasticities were not constant during the past 50 years. We found that in most sub-basins, the n values increased during 1970–1980, followed by a decreasing trend in the period from 1980 to 1990, whereas the n value in Fuhe sub-basin kept increasing for the almost the whole study period. In addition, the climate elasticity is highly correlated with the n value, indicating that the catchment properties’ parameter was the dominant factor influencing climate elasticity in PYLB in the past 50 years. We also attempted to predict the runoff trend with the consideration of trends in n. However, in some sub-basins, there were still considerable differences between the predicted runoff trend and the observed one. The method used here to evaluate the temporal pattern of n should be an extension of the existing literature and will provide a better understanding of elasticity in the regional hydrological cycle.
Tracer Experiments and Hydraulic Performance Improvements in a Treatment Pond
Authors: Shih Shang‐Shu , Zeng Yun‐Qi , Lee Hong‐Yuan , Otte Marinus , Fang Wei‐Ta
Published: February 2017

The treatment efficiency of a wetland constructed for nutrient removal depends strongly on the flow patterns and residence times of the wetland. In this study, a tracer experiment was performed to estimate the residence time distribution and the hydraulic efficiency of a treatment pond with shallow and deep‐water areas. Rhodamine WT experiments revealed a non‐uniform flow pattern in the deep‐water area and an overall poor hydraulic efficiency in the wetland. To improve flow uniformity and hydraulic efficiency, several design options for different inlet-outlet configurations, flow rates, water depths, and emergent baffle additions were considered. The effects on hydraulic performance were investigated through mathematical model simulations. The results revealed that increasing the flow rate and decreasing the water depth slightly improved the hydraulic performance, whereas changing the positions of the inlet and outlet produced inconsistent effects. The most effective improvement involved installing emergent baffles, with the number of baffles presenting the largest positive effect, followed by the width and length of the baffles. Long and thin baffles resulted in a uniform flow velocity field, a meandering flow path, and greater residence times and effective volume ratios. The installation of two baffles increased the hydraulic efficiency to 1.00, indicating excellent hydraulic performance. The thin baffles occupied approximately 3.7%-6.3% of the deep‐water area and 1.9%-3.2% of the entire pond, indicating the potential for their practical application in limited land use regions.
Advances in the fabrication of graphene transistors on flexible substrates
Authors: Fisichella Gabriele , Lo Verso Stella , Di Marco Silvestra , Vinciguerra Vincenzo , Schilirò Emanuela , Di Franco Salvatore , Lo Nigro Raffaella , Roccaforte Fabrizio , Zurutuza Amaia , Centeno Alba , Ravesi Sebastiano , Giannazzo Filippo
Published: February 2017

Graphene is an ideal candidate for next generation applications as a transparent electrode for electronics on plastic due to its flexibility and the conservation of electrical properties upon deformation. More importantly, its field-effect tunable carrier density, high mobility and saturation velocity make it an appealing choice as a channel material for field-effect transistors (FETs) for several potential applications. As an example, properly designed and scaled graphene FETs (Gr-FETs) can be used for flexible high frequency (RF) electronics or for high sensitivity chemical sensors. Miniaturized and flexible Gr-FET sensors would be highly advantageous for current sensors technology for in vivo and in situ applications. In this paper, we report a wafer-scale processing strategy to fabricate arrays of back-gated Gr-FETs on poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN) substrates. These devices present a large-area graphene channel fully exposed to the external environment, in order to be suitable for sensing applications, and the channel conductivity is efficiently modulated by a buried gate contact under a thin Al2O3 insulating film. In order to be compatible with the use of the PEN substrate, optimized deposition conditions of the Al2O3 film by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD) at a low temperature (100 °C) have been developed without any relevant degradation of the final dielectric performance.
(Z)-Selective Takai olefination of salicylaldehydes
Authors: Geddis Stephen M , Hagerman Caroline E , Galloway Warren R J D , Sore Hannah F , Goodman Jonathan M , Spring David R
Published: February 2017

The Takai olefination (or Takai reaction) is a method for the conversion of aldehydes to vinyl iodides, and has seen widespread implementation in organic synthesis. The reaction is usually noted for its high (E)-selectivity; however, herein we report the highly (Z)-selective Takai olefination of salicylaldehyde derivatives. Systematic screening of related substrates led to the identification of key factors responsible for this surprising inversion of selectivity, and enabled the development of a modified mechanistic model to rationalise these observations.
Evidence of mispricing for South African listed R&D firms contributed by accounting conservatism
Authors: Chen Tai-Lin G. , Ramaboa Kutlwano K. K. M.
Published: February 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of capitalization of research and development on the valuation of equities for listed firms in South Africa.Design/methodology/approach: 15 years of financial data (2000 to 2014) was collected, and portfolios with similar price-to-book and market size ratios were formed to find any evidence of any post-investment excess returns and the association to the level of research and development investment. Portfolios were re-formed and annually ranked by their research and development intensity relative to sales. In addition, we looked at the changes in excess returns after adjusting the book value as a result of capitalizing R&D expenditure, to see if the distortion imposed by expensing R&D contributed to the under-valuation of firms that invest in R&D.Findings: The results indicate that firms that invest in research and development are systematically under-valued. We found no evidence of any positive association between the returns and investment levels, but rather found evidence of the glamour stock phenomenon in highly intensive research and development firms.Research limitations/implications: The sample data is limited to listed firms in South Africa, and for firms with intermittently omitted R&D on their financial report, we have assumed that such expenditure is zero for the non-disclosed period for the purpose of capitalization and amortisation. Listed firms whose main focus is on building intangible assets, are relatively few, hence our research is descriptive in nature.Practical implications: This paper highlights the commercial significance of valuing the long-term benefits of research and development. Capitalizing the development phase as afforded by the IASB lacks standardization, and as such, inconsistencies arise in the earnings reflected on companies’ financial statements. For investors though, highly intensive R&D firms should be avoided as these earn negative returns.Originality/value: The authors are not aware of any studies showing the effect of accounting rules on research and development that have been conducted in South Africa, or any research that have shown the glamour stock phenomena when investigating the impact of capitalization of research and development. Thus our contribution was to provide evidence on the valuation of stocks for listed firms that report research and development in South Africa that may be a result of the accounting rules. There is limited research on the on the accounting treatment of research and development in emerging markets, whose stock exchanges have been shown to not be highly correlated with the more developed markets, hence enables investors to diversify risk. This should motivate both managers and investors to venture beyond what the conservative accounting treatment of R&D has possibly instigated when valuing stocks.
Chronic Nail Biting in Youth
Authors: Ellington Erin
Published: February 2017

Nail biting, a common behavior seen in children, is typically short-lived and does not cause significant problems. However, when nail biting remains unresolved, physical and emotional consequences may occur. Exploring the etiological factors and underlying function of nail biting may help providers recommend appropriate interventions. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 55
(2), 23–26.]
Enhancing Resilience in Active Duty Military Personnel
Authors: Crabtree-Nelson Sonya , DeYoung LCDR Peter
Published: February 2017

A systematic, evidence-based training program to support active duty military personnel through building unit-level resiliency in preparation for anticipated individual times of crisis is needed. Mental health nurses and social workers in the military possess critical training and expertise in identifying and supporting individual and community resilience factors. Their knowledge of the protective aspects of resilience can and should be used to educate all active duty military personnel, ensure military leaders are knowledgeable in how best to support their units, and provide research on the effectiveness of pre-combat resilience training. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 55
(2), 44–48.]
Is there an industry-science mismatch in the Brussels agglomeration? Evidence from knowledge spillovers in innovation active SMEs in knowledge intensive business services (KIBS)
Authors: Teirlinck Peter
Published: February 2017

This study provides insights in knowledge spillovers in terms of the use of different sources of knowledge at the origin of innovation, collaboration in innovation, and the reliance on a closed or more open innovation strategy by firms in the Brussels agglomeration. The focus is on innovative small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in knowledge intensive business services (KIBS) in Brussels. These firms are compared with their counterparts in the other large city agglomerations in Belgium.Based on data from two waves of the Community Innovation Survey (2008-2010 and 2010-2012) it is revealed that universities and public research organisations (PROs) play a rather limited role as providers of ideas at the origin of innovation in these firms in Brussels, and are significantly less solicited for industry-science collaboration.These findings contrast the more open innovation development strategy of SMEs in KIBS in the capital city agglomeration and the abundant presence of knowledge at universities and PROs, and hence raise the question of an industry-science mismatch.
Is er een mismatch tussen industrie en wetenschap in de Brusselse agglomeratie? Kennisoverdracht bij innoverende KMO's in kennisintensieve business services (KIBS)
Authors: Teirlinck Peter
Published: February 2017

Dit onderzoek biedt inzicht in kennisoverdracht op het vlak van het gebruik van verschillende informatiebronnen voor innovatie, samenwerking op het vlak van innovatie, en het volgen van een gesloten of meer open innovatiestrategie door ondernemingen in de Brusselse agglomeratie. De focus ligt op innovatieve kleine en middelgrote ondernemingen (KMO's) in kennisintensieve business services (KIBS) in Brussel. Deze ondernemingen worden vergeleken met hun tegenhangers in andere grote agglomeraties in België. Uit de gegevens van twee Europese-innovatie-enquêtes (2008-2010 en 2010-2012) blijkt dat universiteiten en publieke onderzoeksinstellingen een vrij beperkte rol spelen als leveranciers van ideeën die aan de oorsprong liggen van innovatie in dergelijke ondernemingen in Brussel, en aanzienlijk minder worden aangesproken voor industrieel-wetenschappelijke samenwerking.Deze bevindingen steken af bij de meer open innovatiestrategie gevolgd door KMO's in KIBS in de Brusselse agglomeratie en de overvloedige aanwezigheid van kennis aan universiteiten en bij publieke onderzoeksinstellingen. Dit roept de vraag op of er een mismatch bestaat tussen industrie en wetenschap.
Antioxidant activity and total phenol content of blackberries cultivated in a highland tropical climate
Authors: Guedes Mayara Neves Santos , Pio Rafael , Maro Luana Aparecida Castilho , Lage Fabíola Fonseca , Abreu Celeste Maria Patto de , Saczk Adelir Aparecida
Published: February 2017

Blackberries are an important option for the diversification of fruit crops. However, there is currently no literature regarding plant cultivation in high-altitude tropical climates. Knowledge of the phenolic composition of blackberries is essential because variations in the levels of these components may exist between cultivars and may depend on environmental conditions. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to evaluate the total phenol content of different blackberry cultivars (Arapaho, Brazos, Cainguangue, Cherokee, Choctaw, Comanche, Ébano, Guarani, Tupy and Xavante). Free radical scavenging activity in these cultivars was assayed using a DPPH test. The HPLC-UV chromatogram of blackberry fruit extracts at 280 nm revealed the presence of phenolic compounds. The results showed significant differences in the levels of phenolic compounds in the blackberry cultivars tested. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the ABTS free radical and ranged from 2.7 ± 0.1 to 19 ± 2 μmole of Trolox equivalents per gram of sample (b.u.). These results are in good correlation with the phenolic contents of the blackberries tested. The Xavante blackberry cultivar had the highest levels of polyphenols that could be individually identified. Catechin polyphenols were found to be the main component in the blackberry varieties tested.
Older leaf tissues in younger plants are more susceptible to soybean rust
Authors: Xavier Sheila Ariana , Martins Daiane Cristina , Fantin Lucas Henrique , Canteri Marcelo Giovanetti
Published: February 2017

The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between soybean leaf/plant age and the susceptibility to infection by Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Two studies were conducted in the greenhouse during the 2009/2010 season using the BRS 232 cultivar. The experimental design for Study 1 was fully randomized in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement (phenological stage x age of the 4th, 5th and 6th trifoliate at the time of inoculation), and in Study 2, the experimental design was fully randomized with five treatments (T) and four replicates. The variables assessed were disease severity, number of lesions, uredinia per lesion, and viable spores. In Study 1, it was observed that disease severity was lower when the plant was in the growth stage V6 (11.4%), compared to the reproductive stage R4 (16.9%). The regression for disease severity and leaf age at the time of inoculation showed that older trifoliates on the plants in the reproductive stage exhibited higher severity. However, in Study 2, for trifoliates of the same age on plants of different ages, the trifoliates of younger plants were more susceptible to the disease. It was concluded that soybean plant susceptibility to soybean rust was directly proportional to the age of the trifoliate on a given plant and the phenological stage of the plant at the time of inoculation.
Estudos sobre imagens medievais: o caso das iluminuras
Authors: Godoi Pamela Wanessa , Visalli Angelita Marques
Published: February 2017

Campo ainda recente, os estudos das iluminuras medievais tem se apresentado como uma opção importante para pensar a imagem na Idade Média. Nas pesquisas de Jérôme Baschet, a identificação da imagem-objeto é fundamental para pensar os diversos tipos dessas imagens, feitas e vistas pelos homens, e indícios de seus sentimentos. A linguagem visual se apresentou como uma expressão frutífera para a compreensão da sociedade medieval. Com características próprias, as imagens do medievo são chamadas para a discussão a partir da historiografia, nesse trabalho, buscando apresentar os principais conceitos da imagética medieval, e identificando-os a um tipo específico: a imagem dos livros. Esse tipo imagético, essencialmente vinculado ao seu suporte é localizado nas relações de estudos específicos como a ornamentalidade, o simbolismo e a materialidade. Os trabalhos identificados aqui são colocados em questão para discutir as funcionalidades fundamentais da visualidade que identificam a imago dos manuscritos.
Imigração, mercado de crédito e séquito de dependentes no Brasil Meridional: a trajetória do credor Antônio José de Araújo na Vila de Morretes (Província de São Paulo, 1804­1849)
Authors: Cavazzani André Luiz Moscaleski
Published: February 2017

Neste artigo é desenvolvida uma investigação acerca do percurso do negociante de origem portuguesa Antônio José de Araújo (1791­1851) na vila paulista de Morretes, de 1804 a 1851. Nesse quadro, o propósito basilar deste estudo é evidenciar as formas de dominação social exercidas por indivíduos que, provenientes de Portugal, habitaram as sociedades do litoral paulista na primeira metade do século XIX. Assim, demonstra­se que o controle do mercado de crédito  era  crucial  para  que  os  negociantes  formassem  um  séquito  de dependentes. Por vezes, esses dependentes eram familiares de seus credores. Era pouco viável aos pequenos comerciantes conseguir desvincular­se desses séquitos.
Os posicionamentos do Arcebispo de Cuiabá, D. Francisco de Aquino Corrêa, e a defesa do patriotismo cristão
Authors: Marin Jérri Roberto Marin Roberto
Published: February 2017

O artigo analisa os posicionamentos de D. Francisco de Aquino Corrêa, arcebispo de Cuiabá, sobre o Brasil e a defesa do patriotismo cristão. Como um dos porta vozes da hierarquia eclesiástica brasileira e da Santa Sé, conquistou grande projeção e influência social entre as décadas de 1910 e 1940. As referências empíricas são os discursos e as cartas pastorais do período de 1920 a 1940. D. Aquino repensava e defendia novas formas de participação e de valorização da Igreja Católica como força legitimadora do poder, enquanto instituição disciplinadora da sociedade e como defensora do caráter nacional e do processo

Diálogos

civilizatório brasileiro.
Para casar: as boas maneiras e a economia doméstica na formação das normalistas nas décadas de 1940 a 1960
Authors: Strang Bernadete De Lourdes Streisky , Santos Fabiane Luzia Menezes
Published: February 2017

O presente artigo tem como propósito refletir sobre a formação das normalistas entre as décadas de 1940 e 1960 no que se refere ao aspecto moral e ao controle comportamental contidos no ensino de disciplinas ligadas às atividades domésticas e às boas maneiras. Analisaram-se documentos existentes no arquivo do Colégio Mãe de Deus, em Londrina,PR, no intuito de compreender como ocorreu a formação das moças para o desempenho do seu papel social. As fontes principais utilizadas nesse trabalho foram: O livro de Bôas Maneiras, de Carmem D’Avila, publicado em1951; Savoir vivre, da década de 1940, composto por uma sequência de 12 folhas datilografadas e de um caderno de ex-aluna, sem data, referente à disciplina Economia Doméstica.
Fechamento de escolas do campo: o caso da Escola Estadual do Campo Canoas – Cruzeiro do Iguaçu – PR
Authors: Schmitz Micheli Tassiana , Castanha André Paulo
Published: February 2017

O presente artigo discute as contradições presentes nas políticas de fechamento de escolas do campo, justificadas pelo economicismo, sem levar em conta as consequências para os estudantes e para as comunidades onde a escolas fechadas se localizavam. Para tanto, foram colhidos dados sobre o fechamento de escolas no Brasil e no Paraná. Realizamos uma investigação em relatórios finais, atas, Projetos Político-Pedagógicos e documentos da Escola Estadual do Campo Canoas, localizada no município de Cruzeiro do Iguaçu – PR, desde sua criação até 2012, quando teve suas atividades encerradas. Além disso, para compreender o impacto do fechamento dessa escola, realizamos entrevistas com membros da comunidade da Escola Canoas, funcionários, alunos e autoridades que ocupavam cargos públicos no período do fechamento da referida escola. A análise dos dados leva-nos a constatar certo descaso com o povo e a educação do campo, tendo em vista que esta escola, assim como tantas outras, foi fechada sem que a comunidade estivesse de acordo com isso, fazendo com que os sujeitos daquele local fossem obrigados a frequentar escolasda cidade que não têm a preocupação com a identidade cultural dos sujeitos que vivem no campo.
Os sistemas de medidas nas aritméticas editadas para as escolas paroquiais luteranas do século xx no Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Kuhn Malcus Cassiano , Bayer Arno
Published: February 2017

Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir a abordagem dos sistemas de medidas nas aritméticas editadas para as escolas paroquiais luteranas do século XX no Rio Grande do Sul. Em 1900, o Sínodo de Missouri, hoje Igreja Evangélica Luterana do Brasil, iniciou sua missão nas colônias alemãs gaúchas, fundando congregações religiosas e escolas paroquiais. Essas escolas estavam inseridas num projeto missionário e comunitário que buscava ensinar a língua materna, a matemática, valores culturais, sociais e, principalmente, religiosos. Baseando-se na história cultural, analisam-se as aritméticas da Série Ordem e Progresso e da Série Concórdia, editadas pela Igreja Luterana para suas escolas. As edições da Primeira e da Segunda Aritmética abordam as unidades de medidas num sentido informativo e utilitário para os futuros colonos, especialmente com atividades relacionadas à agricultura e à economia. As edições da Terceira Aritmética abordam as unidades de medidas num sentido formativo, com ênfase para definições, relações entre as unidades de medida e exercícios que exploram essas relações, numa proposta integrada com as frações decimais. Com essas estratégias de abordagem dos sistemas de medidas, os autores das aritméticas esperavam que os alunos das escolas paroquiais luteranas gaúchas se apropriassem desses conhecimentos matemáticos.
Análise pedagógica da I Mostra de Trabalhos Técnico-Científicos do Ifes/Campus Piúma: em cena a divulgação científica
Authors: Monteiro Charlles , Silva e Silva Victor Hugo , Amado Manuella Villar , Pires Campos Carlos Roberto
Published: February 2017

A educação em ciências demanda um trabalho interdisciplinar e, para tanto, bem servem as mostras culturais e científicas. Tomando por base o pressuposto do ensino por projetos, esta pesquisa analisou a construção coletiva da I Mostra de Trabalhos Técnico-Científicos do Ifes Campus Piúma, avaliando suas potencialidades para divulgação da Ciência. O trabalho também destacou a importância das feiras de ciências como estratégia pedagógica que favorece o protagonismo e a autonomia do educando nos processos de ensino e aprendizagem a partir da mediação docente. A avaliação realizada considerou as contribuições da Feira para a promoção da criticidade com vistas à formação sociocultural dos educandos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, baseada em um estudo de caso, que focaliza indivíduos e organizações educacionais, utilizando técnicas e métodos característicos da observação participante. A pesquisa evidenciou a organização dos alunos para a realização das tarefas e alguns obstáculos que enfrentaram para sua execução. A experiência possibilitou a superação da passividade do educando nos processos de ensino e aprendizagem por meio do estímulo à autonomia investigativa, bem como pela interação com os pares, com o professor e com a comunidade visitante, ampliando a construção colaborativa do conhecimento.
A Retrospective Study of the Clinical Characteristics and Post-Treatment Hearing Outcome in Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Ganesan Purushothaman , Kothandaraman Purushothaman Pavanjur , Swapna Simham , Manchaiah Vinaya
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyze the clinical characteristics and document hearing recovery in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL). 122 patients diagnosed with unilateral ISSNHL, from March 2009 to December 2014, were treated with oral steroids and pentoxifylline. Hearing change was evaluated by comparing pre-treatment and post-treatment pure-tone average (PTA) (500, 1K, and 2K Hz), and categorized into complete, partial, and no recovery of hearing. T-test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank test and Regression analysis were employed to analyze the statistical significance. Of the 122 patients, seventy-one (58%) had complete recovery and 34 (28%) had partial recovery. The average pre-treatment PTA was 78.3 ± 16.9 dB whereas post-treatment average was 47.0 ± 20.8 dB, showing statistically significant improvement (t=24.89, P≤0.001). The factors such as presence of tinnitus (P=0.005) and initial milder hearing loss (P=0.005) were found to be significant predictors for hearing recovery. Conventional steroid regimes produced a recovery rate in ISSNHL, which exceeds the spontaneous recovery rate. The current study results highlight the importance of medical treatment in the management of ISSNHL.
Food safety and sustainable nutrition workshops: educational experiences for primary school children in Turin, Italy
Authors: Traversa Amaranta , Adriano Daniela , Bellio Alberto , Bianchi Daniela Manila , Gallina Silvia , Ippolito Clara , Romano Angelo , Durelli Paola , Pezzana Andrea , Decastelli Lucia
Published: February 2017

European control and prevention policies are focused to guarantee a high level of protection of consumers’ health. Foodborne diseases as obesity, diabetes, food allergy, and food-borne outbreaks are increasing. To prevent food-borne diseases, it is fundamental to involve consumers, in particular children, in educational experiences aimed to learn the proper behaviours to be applied. In this context, we designed and performed 5 educational workshops about food safety, hidden allergens in food and nutrition aimed to involve children attending primary and summer school. These experiences let us collect observations about children knowledge and behaviours. From May to October 2015, a total of 1708 children aged 6 to 11 years joined our workshops. Children were involved in listening activities, laboratory experiments, handling games and sensory experiences. All participants were familiar with food allergy and were interested to know how to behave with allergic people. Children showed great curiosity in discovering that many foods normally contain live bacteria. Less than 25% of children reported to skip breakfast, to have it watching TV or to spend few minutes for it. Many of them (>75%) thought that fruits and vegetables are all year-round available and are not related to a specific period. Very few participants (<25%) knew that freezing is the treatment to be applied to make fresh fish safe from parasites. Children involved in food safety and nutrition educational experiences have the opportunity to increase their awareness about the correct behaviours to prevent food-borne diseases and to improve their own critical thinking about food consumption.
Analysis of process factors of dry fermented salami to control Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Novelli Enrico , Dal Santo Lucia , Balzan Stefania , Cardazzo Barbara , Spolaor Dino , Lombardi Angiolella , Carraro Lisa , Fasolato Luca
Published: February 2017

Challenge tests are a clear opportunity for manufacturers interested in the evaluation of their management system with the aim to reduce the spread of foodborne pathogens. This is a main concern especially in ready-to-eat food in relation to the risk associated with Listeria monocytogenes. For small and medium-scale food industry the manufacturing practices and products formulation are characterized by a wider variability and poor repeatability. The use of ad-hoc challenge test and the comparison among different processing systems are strongly required. This paper reports a preliminary comparison among different challenge tests (n=12) commissioned by three manufacturers of raw-fermented Salami during a period of three years (2013-2016). The challenge tests were designed to evaluate the growth potential (δ) of L. monocytogenes during the whole processing period of the Salami. The doughs were prepared according to different formulations: the simplest formulation was represented by the use of salt, potassium nitrate, black pepper and starter cultures while the most composited formulations also included the use of sugars and ascorbic acid in addition to nitrite salt. All the processing steps were conducted within an experimental laboratory dedicated for the processing of meat. After stuffing the salami were dried and ripened under temperature and relative humidity control. The sugar inclusion can be considered as protective factor, while the drying step at high temperature (above 20°C) was associated with higher δ values (δ>0.5 log cfu/g). The addition of starter cultures, and the subsequent acidification highlighted the importance of pH as the parameter able to affect the L. monocytogenes growth.