bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE WITH ADHERENCE TO FE TABLET CONSUMPTION IN ANEMIC ADOLESCENT GIRLS
Authors: Diani Aisyah Amalia Putri , Amalia Rize Budi , Sudaryanti Lestari , Lestari Pudji
Published: October 2024

Background: Iron anemia could be prevented through the administration of Fe tablets (TTD). Several studies had shown that one of the obstacles often encountered in the Fe tablet administration program was the problem of compliance. The low compliance of Fe tablets consumption in adolescent girls was influenced by several factors, one of which was the knowledge of female students regarding the benefits of consuming Fe tablets. Knowledge affected the attitudes and behavior of adolescents in choosing food, consuming Fe tablets supplementation, and further affected the overall nutritional condition of individuals including the condition of anemia status. Objective: This study aimed to demonstrate the connection between attitudes and knowledge about adherence to Fe tablets use in anemic adolescents at Pondok Pesantren Mambaus Sholihin, Gresik District, East Java. Methods: This type of research was quantitative research with a cross-sectional design, sampling using the total sampling method. Method in this research was an analytical observational study with a cohort retrospective design. The samples in this study were 81 adolescent girls aged 15-17 years who experienced anemia. The variables used in this study were knowledge, attitude and compliance. The instruments used were questionnaires and checklist forms. Compliance with Fe tablet consumption was carried out for the last 3 months.  Results: Most respondents had sufficient knowledge related to anemia and Fe tablets around (31.1%) and most responders had a positive attitude of (56.8%) most respondents were not compliant with the consumption of Fe tablets by (58.0%). After the chi square test, the significance value (p=0.002) was obtained, which means that statistically there is a significant relationship between knowledge and Fe tablet consumption, and (p=0.000) there is a significant relationship between attitude and Fe tablet consumption. Conclusion: The study concluded that among teenage girls attending the Mambaus Sholihin Islamic Boarding School, there was a relationship between knowledge and attitude regarding the intake of Fe tablets.
INDONESIA’S EFFORT TO MEET WHO RECOMMENDATION ON EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING 2012-2023
Authors: Nabilah Fazah Amalia , Trisnaningtyas Januari Pratama Nurratri
Published: October 2024

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) provides policy recommendations related to exclusive breastfeeding that can be adopted by UN member states. In Indonesia, the government has issued a policy to support exclusive breastfeeding based on WHO recommendations. Objectives: To describe effort in exclusive breastfeeding governance in Indonesia from 2012 to 2023 according to WHO recommendations. Method: This research uses a descriptive qualitative methodology and relies on a literature review from a variety of sources, including books, journals, articles, websites, and more, to gather information about Indonesia's efforts to meet the WHO recommendations about exclusive breastfeeding from 2012 to 2023. Results: It showed that there were efforts in the community due to applied policies, such as the provision of lactation rooms in public facilities, the formation of Breastfeeding Support Groups, the training of breastfeeding counselors, and the establishment of the PelanggaranKode website to continue to support the exclusive breastfeeding program. Conclusion: There are efforts indicating that government policies are not yet optimal. Recommendations for future research should be more specific by exploring strategies for effective advocacy and policy change to support breastfeeding, as well as evaluating the impact of global health initiatives and programs that promote breastfeeding
THE EFFECT OF IRON SUPPLEMENTATION AND OTHER SCHOOL-BASED SUPPORT ON ANEMIA STATUS IN ADOLESCENTS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Amani Zahiroh , Sebayang Susy Katikana
Published: October 2024

Background: Anmia among adolescent girls is still problematic. The 2018 RISKESDAS Indonesia survey revealed that anemia among pregnant women was linked to the high prevalence of anemia among adolescents (25%) and women of reproductive age (17%). School support is considered important to help overcome the problem of anemia among adolescent girls. This research aims to assess the effectiveness of school support in providing iron supplements and other support for anemia status in adolescents. Method: This was Systematic Literature Review of publications found on Google Scholar and Pubmed databases using the following inclusion criteria: published in Indonesian or international journals between 2018 – 2023 and written in Bahasa Indonesia or English. The article search utilized the following keywords on Google Scholar: "dukungan sekolah dan tablet tambah darah dan status anemia remaja dan kepatuhan" and "dukungan sekolah dan ttd dan status anemia remaja dan kepatuhan". The keywords used on PubMed were: "school AND (iron OR fe) AND suppl* AND (teen* OR adolescent*) AND (anemia OR anaemia)". The search for publications using these keywords in the databases resulted 1593 articles. Then, all articles entered the screening stage based on title relevance, duplicate articles, abstract, and full text access. Five articles were found to be eligible for review. Result: From the five articles obtained, the results showed that the provision of iron supplements coupled with health education and counseling about anemia in schools can reduce the risk of anemia in adolescents by 16%-48%. Both supports are considered effective in overcoming the problem of anemia among adolescent girls. Conclusion: Providing iron supplements coupled with health education and counseling about anemia at school can reduce the risk of anemia in adolescent girls.
In vitro study of the gel cohesivity and persistence to hyaluronidase degradation of a novel stabilized composition of 26 mg/mL of high molecular weight HA
Authors: Finke Alexandre , Betemps Jeremie Bon , Molliard Samuel Gavard
Published: October 2024

Aim: Hyaluronic acid (HA) is extensively used in injectable skin quality products due to its documented role in skin rejuvenation. The rapid in vivo degradation of HA by the enzyme hyaluronidase necessitates the development of advanced formulations to ensure the efficacy and longevity of the treatments. In this context, a novel 2.6% high molecular weight HA (H-HA)/3.2% sorbitol composition has been introduced, featuring stabilization through hydrogen bonds rather than traditional crosslinking.

Methods: The stabilized composition was evaluated through two in vitro enzymatic degradation tests. In the first test, the efficiency on the gel degradation was followed by rheology and compared with two crosslinked HA products available on the market. In the second test, the effect on the gel structure of a less diluted hyaluronidase dose was followed by rheological and cohesivity measurements.

Results: In vitro study demonstrates that, before its complete degradation into a liquid-like state, the stabilized composition exhibits high elasticity and cohesivity during the enzymatic degradation process, surpassing traditional crosslinked HA products.

Conclusion: The stabilization provided by the sorbitol in the stabilized composition effectively enhances product properties and protects them during gel degradation. These attributes indicate significant potential for improved clinical outcomes in skin quality treatments.
Tobit Kalman fusion filtering under dynamic event-triggering protocol with token bucket specification
Authors: Chen Xiangyu , Han Fei , Song Yanhua , Zhang Jinnan
Published: October 2024

This paper addresses the multi-sensor fusion filtering problem for a class of linear discrete time-varying systems with censored measurement, described by the Tobit model, and scheduled by dynamic event-triggering protocols with token bucket specification. A dynamic event-triggering mechanism is first used to determine whether to transmit measurements under the token bucket specification, allowing transmission only if there are sufficient tokens and if the event-triggering condition is satisfied. Next, two indicator variables are denoted to represent the combined impact of the dynamic event-triggering protocol and the token bucket specification. A local Tobit Kalman filtering algorithm is then designed for each node by minimizing the trace of the filtering error covariance matrix under censoring and information transmission protocols' influence. Subsequently, all local estimates from each node are transmitted to the fusion center, where global estimates are generated using a federal fusion rule. The global estimates with suitable weights are sent back to every node for predictions at subsequent time instants. Finally, an illustrative simulation example is used to evaluate performance of this fused filtering scheme proposed in this paper.
Multilateral Development Banks in Polycentric World
Authors: Khudyakova L. , Sidorova E.
Published: October 2024

Multilateral development banks (MDBs) are increasingly considered on the international agenda as one of the significant institutions for financing sustainable growth in the developing countries. In this article main activities of the four largest regional development banks are analyzed in the context of the reforms necessary to increase the financial capacity of MDBs. The need to reform the activities of multilateral development banks is due to both external and internal objective reasons. As regional development banks, all four banks discussed have the goal of promoting sustainable socio-economic development of the countries in their region, including poverty alleviation, as well as regional integration. The 21st century, accompanied by a polycrisis, poses new challenges for MDBs, to solve which it is necessary to increase their financial capabilities, as well as to change the credit policy and bank management system towards greater consideration of the interests of borrowing countries. A new social contract is needed between MDBs and developing countries that receive financial resources. The study shows that at the current stage, the practical activities of MDBs in implementing reforms are carried out mainly in the area of optimizing the capital structure and balance sheet and do not address fundamental problems. This can be explained by two objective factors: leading Western countries remain the largest shareholders of traditional development banks, which determines the vector of credit policy; the main source of funding for MDBs remains the world financial markets, which impose strict requirements on the level of investment profitability of attracted resources. In this situation, to fully address the problem of development finance, fundamental reforms in the activities of regional MDBs are needed, strengthening cooperation between them, creating coalitions with donors and intergovernmental funds, including between countries of the Global South, as well as joint efforts to promote the need to increase official development assistance (ODA) on various international platforms, including the G20 and COP.
Reserves of the Visegrad Cooperation
Authors: Shishelina L.
Published: October 2024

The article attempts to analyze the limits of stability of a unique regional formation – the Visegrad group that was founded a third of a century ago on the ruins of the socialist camp. Over the past two years, the Visegrad Quartet has been subjected to perhaps the most serious tests in the entire history of its existence, related to the divergence in approaches to the military conflict in Ukraine. The author notes that the longer the conflict lasts, the tougher the positions of Kiev’s supporters and opponents become. The population of Central European countries gets tired of the war. The regime of sanctions against Russia and the influx of refugees from Ukraine as well as from Russia and Belarus begin to affect the results of national elections in central European countries, and hence brings changes in the position of countries towards Moscow, Kiev and Brussels. For the first time, countries are facing the problem of such multifaceted pressure literally in all spheres of life, including the economy and the social sphere, which are acutely affected by the consequences of the war. Having relatively successfully overcome the global economic crisis together, turned away the migration flow from the South, stood up in the fight against COVID?19, and survived “attacks” from Brussels, the Visegrad Union now seems to have faced an existential problem of a geopolitical nature. Nevertheless, according to the author, it is too early to write an obituary on the Visegrad group. It still has certain reserves, hidden both in its genesis and structural features, which have no parallel among not only European but also world regional units. The main achievement of the Visegrad Four’s three decades of operation may be the hard-won and subsequently mastered “art of compromise”. No matter how deep the differences in the views and positions of the countries may be, the understanding of the necessity to find a compromise for the sake of preserving the unity of the region always prevails. In particular, the events of the last two years since February 2022, marked by a military conflict on the eastern border of the Quartet, have proved this statement.
Creatividad e Inteligencia Artificial: Desarrollo de espíritu crítico en los futuros trabajadores de la industrial 5.0
Authors: Abril Jiménez Patricia , Sánchez Mateo Sofía , Garijo Alonso Lucía , Rodríguez Ortiz Alvaro , Ocaña López Rosa Concepción , Gigosos Fernández Carlota
Published: October 2024

El siguiente documento deriva de un Proyecto de Innovación Educativa titulado "Creatividad e Inteligencia Artificial: Desarrollo de espíritu crítico en los futuros trabajadores de la industrial 5.0", orientado a fomentar el uso crítico y creativo de la IA en el ámbito de la educación técnica e industrial.

El objetivo es introducir a cualquier persona interesada con el uso responsable de herramientas basadas en inteligencia artificial, siendo su propósito servir como apoyo en tareas repetitivas o técnicas, optimizando el tiempo y los recursos.

Se presenta una metodología que pone énfasis en los prompts (preguntas o instrucciones) y en los aspectos éticos. Además, se ofrecen directrices para validar la información generada por la IA y corregir posibles errores, garantizando que siempre se mantenga la intervención y el criterio humano en el proceso.
Revolutionizing Submersible Safety through Advanced Mathematical Modeling: From Bayesian Searching Model to Dynamic Oceanic Simulations
Authors: Lu Junliang , Zhang Zonghao , Xiao Kangqi , Pang Yuxiang , Luo Xunjie
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive approach to enhancing submersible safety through mathematical modeling and decision-making frameworks. We develop models for submersible location prediction, emergency preparedness, and scenario extrapolation, including a Seawater Density Model, Submersible Mechanical Model, Bayesian Searching Model, and Extended Kalman Filter. Sensitivity analysis confirms the robustness of these models under varying conditions, making them adaptable for different marine environments.In the first section, we focus on accurately locating a submersible after communication loss. The Seawater Density Model employs a hyperbolic tangent function to model depth-dependent density in the Ionian Sea, while the Submersible Mechanical Model simulates underwater dynamics using the 4th order Runge-Kutta method. Uncertainties are addressed using an Extended Kalman Filter, enhancing accuracy, as shown by trajectory and Mean Squared Error (MSE) comparisons.In the second section, we develop a Bayesian Searching Model to efficiently locate a missing submersible. This model iteratively updates location probabilities using a bimodal Gaussian distribution. The search zone is discretized into grids, and simulations demonstrate the model's ability to effectively narrow down the search area and improve detection success.In the third section, we adapt the models to different environments, such as the Caribbean Sea. A warning and obstacle avoidance system is introduced to manage multiple submersibles in close proximity, dynamically adjusting their paths to avoid collisions.Reliability analysis demonstrates the robustness of the models against changes in density and sudden environmental shifts, showing minimal deviation from neutral buoyancy. These results confirm the reliability and adaptability of the models for enhancing submersible safety across various marine settings.
The Emergence of New E. coli High-Risk Clones and Antibiotic Resistance: An Unstoppable Problem or Our Last Chance to Do Better?
Authors: da Cruz Campos Ana , da Silva Andrade Nathalia Lucas
Published: October 2024

Since the early 2000s, high-risk E. coli clones that presented a highly virulent and multidrug resistance profile have been identified, and their genome is completely sequenced. Molecular techniques make it possible to follow the evolution and spread of those clones in different parts of the world. The results of several studies monitoring the emergence of new high-risk E. coli clones showed an increase in the number of clones and the virulence strategies and in the emergence of clones with the ability to cause intestinal and urinary infections combined with a multidrug resistance profile. We certainly can't stop the emergence of new high-risk clones. The remaining questions are: How can we use the knowledge about E. coli high-risk clones to our advantage in the war against multidrug antibiotic resistance? How can we stop the spread of those clones and improve diagnostic and treatment stewardship? This is a challenge that requires collaboration and shared knowledge.
Comparison of Exetainer Evacuation Methods for Mitigating Residual Gas Effects in Nitrous Oxide Gas Concentration
Authors: Abhiram Gunaratnam
Published: October 2024

Residual gas in exetainer vials leads to nitrous oxide (N2O) gas underestimation. This study compared four evacuation methods such as gas exchange by displacement (GED), evacuation with a vacuum pump (VP), evacuation with a syringe (VS) and pre-evacuated Exetainer (PEE) to assess the residual gas effect on gas sample concentration. PEE and VP methods showed superior performance, displaying lower deviations from actual gas concentrations with RMSE values of 0.239 and 0.179, respectively, at 12.5 ppm standard gas levels. Conversely, GED and VS methods exhibited higher deviations with RMSE values of 0.740 and 0.448, respectively, at 12.5 ppm. Errors were more pronounced at lower gas concentrations. To address residual gas effects in GED and VS methods, standard gases were stored for calibration in evacuated vials (EVM) matching the sample collection method, rather than in syringes (SM). This EVM approach enhanced precision by 14.43% and 6.24% for GED and VS methods, respectively, at 0.781 ppm standard gas levels. The study concludes that PEE and VP methods are more reliable for vial evacuation. Using vials prepared using the same method as sample collection vials can mitigate residual gas effects effectively. This study holds substantial importance in enhancing the accurate measurement of greenhouse gas emissions, particularly focusing on nitrous oxide.
Laplacian Spectrum and Vertex Connectivity of the Unit Graph of the Ring Zprqs
Authors: Alsaluli Amal A , Fakieh Wafaa M , Alashwali Hanaa S
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we examine the interplay between the structural and spectral properties of the unit graph G(Zn) for n=p1r1p2r2...pkrk, where p1,p2,...,pk are distinct primes and k,r1,r2,...,rk are positive integers such that at least one of the ri must be greater than 1. We first analyze the structure of the unit graph of Zn as a generalized join graph under these conditions. We then determine the Laplacian spectrum of G(Zn) and deduce that it is integral for all n. Consequently, we obtain Laplacian spectral radius and algebraic connectivity of G(Zn). We also prove that the vertex connectivity of G(Zpq) is (p−2)q, where 2≠p<q. We deduce the vertex connectivity of G(Zn) when n=prqs, where 2≠p<q are primes and r,s are positive integers. Finally, we present conjectures about the vertex connectivity of G(Zn) when n=p1p2...pk and n=p1r1p2r2...pkrk, where pi are distinct primes, ri are positive integers, and 1≤i≤k.
Potential of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae as Replacement for Fish Meal as the Standard Animal Protein Source for Broiler Chicken Feed in Uganda
Authors: Musinguzi Simon Peter , Kato Devis , Azabo Rogers
Published: October 2024

The black soldier fly larvae meal has attracted attention as a sustainable alternative protein ingredient in poultry feed. In the present study, we sought to determine the effect of black soldier fly larvae on the growth performance of broilers as replacement to fishmeal. Forty (40) one day old broiler chicks were randomly selected and distributed in 4 replicates. The Black soldier fly larvae were formulated and added to broiler’s marsh as replacement to fishmeal. Birds were fed on four experimental diets formulated as follows 15% black soldier fly (BSF15), 20% (BSF20) and 25% (BSF25) corresponding to dietary BSF inclusion levels of 150 g/kg, 200 g/kg and 250 g/ kg, respectively and the control diet (BSF0) contained 20% of fishmeal (FM) as protein sources (250 g/kg). Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Proximate analysis showed that BSFLM contained comparable nutrient values to fishmeal. The highest average weight gain was achieved when birds were provided diet with 25% BSFLM. Based on this study, it can be concluded that black soldier fly larvae meal represents an alternative source of animal protein to replace fishmeal in broiler chicken diet in their diet without adverse effect on growth performance and consumer preferance.
PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN KEWARGANEGARAAN TERHADAP PARTISIPASI SOSIAL SISWA BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS
Authors: Puspitaningrum Diana , Sutrisno Sutrisno , Sunarto Sunarto
Published: October 2024

Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami sejauh mana pembelajaran kewarganegaraan dapat mempengaruhi tingkat partisipasi sosial siswa dengan kebutuhan khusus di lingkungan sekolah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dan analisis konten terhadap kajian-kajian yang relevan dengan tema kewarganegaraan, pendidikan inklusif, dan partisipasi sosial.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran kewarganegaraan yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan siswa berkebutuhan khusus berpotensi signifikan dalam meningkatkan partisipasi sosial mereka. Faktor-faktor seperti desain kurikulum yang inklusif, strategi pengajaran yang disesuaikan, serta dukungan yang diberikan oleh guru dan lingkungan sekolah memiliki peran penting dalam memfasilitasi pengalaman pembelajaran yang efektif bagi siswa ini. Penekanan pada pengembangan keterampilan sosial, pemahaman terhadap hak dan kewajiban sebagai warga negara, serta pengalaman praktik langsung dalam konteks sosial turut berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan partisipasi sosial siswa berkebutuhan khusus.

Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan pendidikan kewarganegaraan yang mempertimbangkan kebutuhan khusus siswa dapat membentuk landasan yang kuat untuk meningkatkan partisipasi sosial mereka. Implikasi dari temuan ini adalah pentingnya pengembangan strategi pembelajaran yang inklusif dan mendukung bagi siswa berkebutuhan khusus, serta perluasan pemahaman terhadap bagaimana pendidikan kewarganegaraan dapat menjadi alat untuk mempromosikan integrasi sosial yang lebih baik di masyarakat.

Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi untuk peningkatan praktik pendidikan inklusif dan pengembangan kurikulum yang sensitif terhadap kebutuhan khusus siswa. Dengan demikian, pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang pengaruh pembelajaran kewarganegaraan terhadap partisipasi sosial siswa berkebutuhan khusus dapat membuka jalan bagi perbaikan pendidikan yang lebih inklusif dan berkesinambungan di masa depan.
Kant'ın Yalan Kavramı Bağlamında Mahkeme Huzurunda Yeminin Eleştirisi
Authors: Erdemli Muhammet Emin
Published: October 2024

Bu çalışma Immanuel Kant’ın yalan kavramını açıklayarak mahkeme huzurunda yeminin eleştirisini sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Yalan, gerçeğe aykırı beyanın kasıtlı olarak sunularak ödevin ihlal edilmesidir. Ahlaki özne yalan söylediğinde içsel olarak kendi gözünde düşüşüne; dışsal olarak ise başkalarının gözünde düşüşüne neden olur. Böylece kişiliğinde taşıdığı insanlık onurunu küçültür. Hukuki özne ise yalan söylediğinde ötekinin hakkını ihlal eder. İhlalin oluşmadığı durumda yalan değil yanlış beyan söz konusu olur. Ancak yanlış beyan ile ötekinin hakkının ihlal edilmediği durumda dahi bütün olarak insan hakları ihlal edilir. Dolayısıyla hem ahlaki özne hem de hukuki özne olarak insan, yalan söylememelidir. Bununla birlikte mahkeme huzurunda doğru beyanın güvence altına alınması için yemin edilir. Ancak yemine zorlanan öznenin özgürlüğü ihlal edilerek umumi yalana müsaade edilir. Yemin, yalanı engellemek yerine yalan söylememe ödevinin ihlal aracı olarak kullanılabilir. İşte bu çalışmada Kant’ın ahlak ve hukuk felsefesinin yalan ile ilişkisi açıklanarak, mahkeme huzurunda yeminin doğru beyanı güvence altına almak yerine yalana kapı araladığı eleştirisi sunulacaktır.
Examining the Effectiveness of English as the Medium of Instruction for Undergraduates at The Shaikh Ayaz University, Shikarpur
Authors: Sawera  , Ahmed Jamil
Published: October 2024

The current research is conducted on use of English as the medium of instruction (EMI) in the context where English is used as second language. The objectives of the study are to explore the problem in using EMI apart on the perception of students and how EMI is beneficial for students by examining the perception of students studying in The Shaikh Ayaz University Shikarpur. The researcher has used the quantitative approach and data were collected through questionnaire consisted of 60 close-ended questions and handed over to 30 students from the university. Data were statistically analyzed through Microsoft excel 2007 to find out the percentage. The findings identified benefits such as use of EMI helps in learning a language, it has positive effect on students’ academic performance, the ease of access to materials of learning, provide better future job opportunities, enhance intellectual abilities and also helpful in higher studies. The study suggests majority of students were comfortable in Sindhi medium instruction but besides their comfort and drawbacks of EMI 90% Students preferred English language to be continues as the medium of instruction. The findings indicate positive outcomes, including enhanced language proficiency and improved academic performance among students instructed in English. However, challenges such as difficulties in grasping complex subject matter and concerns about inclusivity for students with varying English language skills were also identified. The study suggests pedagogical implications, emphasizing the need for faculty development programs and language support services to enhance teaching methods and ensure equitable access to education.
Relationship between Digital Literacy Skills, Attitude towards Teaching Profession and Academic Motivation among Prospective Teachers
Authors: Shamsher Sabeen , Iqbal Kiran
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The objective of the study was to identify the correlation between the digital literacy skills, academic motivation, and attitudes towards the teaching profession among prospective teachers. The present study employed a survey research methodology and a correlational technique. The study's sample consisted of 120 prospective teachers who held Bachelor of Science (BS) and Bachelor of Education (B.Ed) degrees. Data was acquired through convenient sampling technique. The dimensions of interest in this study were assessed using the Attitude toward Teaching Profession Scale (Kahramanolu, 2018), Digital Literacy Skills Scale (Üstünda et al., 2017), and Academic Motivation Scales (Karagüven, 2012). Data were analyzed through SPSS 26. The Pearson correlation revealed a statistically significant positive association between future teachers’ self-engagement and their digital literacy skills, attitude towards teaching, and academic motivation. The linear regression analysis revealed a distinct correlation between academic motivation, attitudes towards teaching, and digital literacy skills. Gender inequalities were apparent. The report suggests engaging education authorities and adopting steps for teacher training. Implementing strategies to enhance the academic motivation and digital proficiency of prospective educators.
Key concepts: Digital literacy, Attitude towards the teaching profession, Academic motivation, prospective teachers
The Efficacy of the IRTree Framework for Detecting Missing Data Mechanisms in Educational Assessments
Authors: Soğuksu Yeşim Beril
Published: October 2024

The effectiveness of methods for handling missing data in educational assessments depends on understanding the underlying missing mechanisms. This study investigates the performance of the IRTree framework in detecting missing data mechanisms using a Monte Carlo simulation. Omitted responses were simulated at varying proportions according to three mechanisms: MCAR, MAR, and MNAR, across tests with different lengths and sample sizes. The IRTree was employed to model the omitted responses and detect the mechanisms based on the correlations between the propensity to omit and proficiency. Results indicate that the IRTree accurately identifies all three missing data mechanisms, with no relationship between propensity to omit and proficiency under MCAR, and negative correlations for MAR, reaching up to -0.3, and for MNAR, as high as -0.8. Furthermore, the detection of MAR and MNAR mechanisms became more pronounced with higher proportions of omitted responses, longer tests, and larger sample sizes. IRTree framework not only enables educators and researchers to accurately understand the nature of missing data but also guides them in using appropriate methods for handling it.
Economic evaluation of the SP142 versus 22C3 PD-L1 assays in the treatment of atezolizumab plus nab-paclitaxel for patients with advanced triple negative breast cancer in the Brazilian private healthcare system
Authors: Shimabukuro Ho Rodrigo , Sebastião Mariana , Carvalho João Paulo , Neves Tomás , Nussbaum Micha
Published: October 2024

Objective: The aim of the study was to demonstrate the economic impact of two PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays, SP142 versus 22C3, in the treatment with atezolizumab plus nab-paclitaxel in patients with advanced triple negative breast cancer (aTNBC) in the Brazilian private healthcare system (BPHS). Methods: The study performed two analyses: one per patient and other of the potential population projected for the BPHS (budget impact analysis). Data of progression-free survival and overall survival were extracted from a post hoc analysis of the IMpassion130 trial to develop a partitioned-survival model to simulate the economic impact of the treatment with atezolizumab plus nab-paclitaxel guided by the SP142 and 22C3 assays on patients with aTNBC. The analyses included only direct costs that were based on CBHPM (Classificação Brasileira Hierarquizada de Procedimentos Médicos) and CMED (Câmara de Regulação do Mercado de Medicamentos) PF18% tables. A univariate sensitivity analysis was performed with the parameters varying ± 20%. Results: The study has demonstrated that the SP142 assay has the potential to save –BRL 179,730 with the treatment of atezolizumab plus nab-paclitaxel per patient with aTNBC in five years. Conclusion: The SP142 assay can optimize the use of atezolizumab plus nab-paclitaxel avoiding its prescription in patients who will not have a significant clinical improvement.
A biopsychosocial analysis of risk factors for long-term physical, cognitive, and psychological functioning in previously hospitalized post-COVID-19 patients
Authors: Claessens Gisela , Gach Debbie , Osch Frits H.M. , Verberne Daan , Bergh Joop P van den , Boogaart Vivian van Kampen-van den , Beijers Rosanne J.H.C.G. , Schols Annemie M.W.J. , Balen Eric van , Heugten Caroline van
Published: October 2024

A significant number of COVID-19 survivors continue to experience persistent physical, cognitive, and psychological symptoms up to one year after discharge. This study aimed to examine the frequency, severity, and progression of these symptoms, along with contributing factors. This single-centre retrospective cohort study included 126 COVID-19 patients admitted to the VieCuri Medical Centre between 2020 and 2022, with follow-ups at 3 and 12 months post-discharge. Assessments involved pulmonary function tests, CT scans, bioimpedance analysis, and questionnaires on physical, cognitive, and psychological symptoms. At both follow-ups, 31–32% of patients reported moderate to severe physical symptoms, 26–27% reported multiple cognitive symptoms, and 14–18% experienced depressive or post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Only anxiety symptoms significantly decreased from 22% at 3 months to 12% at 12 months (p = .014). Persistent symptoms at 12 months were significantly associated with premorbid conditions (chronic respiratory disease, multiple comorbidities), injury severity (infection during the third wave), physical factors (COVID-related pulmonary abnormalities, lower total lung capacity, dyspnoea), and cognitive and psychological factors (cognitive symptoms, anxiety, depression, and PTSS) (p < .05). These findings suggest that a significant portion of COVID-19 survivors continue to experience persistent symptoms influenced by biopsychosocial factors, emphasizing the need for a biopsychosocial approach in early screening and treatment.
Developing Computer Vision and Machine Learning Strategies to Unlock Government-created Records
Authors: Jansen Greg , Marciano Richard
Published: October 2024

This work explores the development of AI and ML computer vision techniques to unlock digitized handwritten US Census records from the 1950s, which includes over 6.5 million images and was only recently made available to the public on April 1, 2022, following a 72-year access restriction period. The 1950 Census offers a unique window "into one of the most transformative periods in modern American history, revealing a country of roughly 151 million people who had just recently emerged from the hardships and uncertainties of World War II and the Great Depression." (census.gov).
This computer vision and machine learning work is part of a larger case study based in Sacramento, California focusing on creating a so-far unseen window into the fate of the Japanese American community. Sacramento once housed the fourth largest Japantown community on the West Coast and saw its community forced out twice in a decade: in 1942 during WWII Japanese American Incarceration (the largest single forced relocation in US history), and in 1954 during urban renewal where Japantown residential and business districts were leveled. Our project uses AI-based computational treatments to help recover and memorialize the history of the erased Sacramento Japantown. Moreover, we contrast these findings with the processing of the 1940 Census (released in 2012), thus producing a novel "before-and-after" representation.
We demonstrate a workflow for extracting demographic information using image segmentation, computer vision techniques, and deep learning for handwritten character recognition. These techniques are generalizable to other cities, states, and communities, and demonstrate AI-assisted strategies to unlock vital demographic information. The approach highlights the potential benefits of computational techniques on social justice issues.
The workflow represents an AI-assisted filtering process for Census records, with a user interface for computationally driven page review. The goal is to automate the culling of pages to select a smaller subset of pages that can then be further targeted or crowdsourced.
Mouse Brain Atlas of Dendritic Microenvironments Identifies Associations of Anatomy, Projection Targets and Transcriptomic Profiles of Neurons
Authors: Peng Hanchuan , Liu Yufeng , Zhao Sujun , Yun Zhixi , Xiong Feng
Published: October 2024

Digital brain atlases have become essential anatomical references for understanding the spatial and functional organization of brains. For mice, typical resources include the Allen Reference Atlas, the Allen Common Coordinate Framework (CCF), and their variants, like CCFv3. However, previous whole-brain atlases were constructed based on limited neuronal features, such as cell body (soma) density or average maps from collections of registered brain images, without considering the spatial organization of neuronal arbors. This study introduces a microenvironment representation that incorporates the morphological features of neighboring neurons to better quantify brain modularity. We generated a large dataset containing dendrites from 101,136 neurons across 111 mouse brains, covering 91% of non-ventricular, non-fiber-tract CCF regions, and constructed a multidimensional microenvironment feature map of the whole brain. Our findings reveal that the spatial organization of these microenvironments outperforms the CCFv3 and a state-of-the-art spatial transcriptomic cell atlas by providing complementary subregions within established regions, nearly doubling the total number of brain regions compared to CCFv3. In this way, our atlas enables the identification of previously unobserved neuron groupings or “subtypes”. Our results also demonstrate that this microenvironment atlas enhances local spatial homogeneity while maintaining spatial differentiation within established CCF brain regions. For example, we found that the microenvironments of hippocampal neurons are correlated with axonal projection targets and improve the specificity of projection mapping, which implies the potential characterization of long-range axonal projections of mammalian neurons based on only local dendritic organization. The sub-parcellation of the caudoputamen (CP) aligns well with previous studies on projections, connectivity, and transcriptomics, revealing diverse input and output wiring patterns among CP subregions.
Low expression of Proto-Oncogene FOS regulated by LINC00667/ LINC00921-miR-34a-5p axis correlates with poor prognosis and restrained anti-tumor immunity in human breast cancer
Authors: Xu Hui , Li Chouyang
Published: October 2024

The activator protein 1 transcription factor family member FOS has been demonstrated to play meaningful roles in multiple pathophysiological processes as well as in cancer. However, the prognostic value of FOS and its underlying mechanisms in cancer progression have not been fully illuminated. In this study, the pan-cancer expression level of FOS was first assessed and the expression discrepancy of FOS in multiple cancer types was confirmed. Then, survival analysis for multiple cancer types demonstrated that low FOS expression significantly correlated with poor prognosis in breast cancer (BRCA). Further, the expression profile of FOS in BRCA patients with different clinicopathological features was analyzed and lower FOS expression was found to correlate with more severe BRCA features, which verified the roles of FOS in BRCA progression. Subsequently, noncoding RNA (ncRNA) in the regulation of FOS expression in BRCA was explored, and a regulatory axis LINC00667/ LINC00921-miR-34a-5p was identified. Further, the correlation between FOS and immune micro-environment of BRCA was analyzed. We found that down-regulated FOS level was remarkably associated with high tumor purity, less anti-tumor immune cells and components, and high expression of immune checkpoints. In summary, our findings unveiled that down-regulated FOS mediated by LINC00667/ LINC00921-miR-34a-5p axis correlated with restrained anti-tumor immunity, and therefore leading to poor prognosis in BRCA.
Decoding health disparities: gender, ethnicity, & chronic diseases in Latin Americans with individual data & machine learning
Authors: Chivardi Carlos , Zamudio Alejandro , Cavalcanti Daniella , Ordoñez José , Almeida Cristina , Hessel Philipp , Moncayo Ana , Rasella Davide
Published: October 2024

Chronic diseases disproportionately affect ethnic and gender groups, yet the social determinants driving these disparities in Latin America are not fully understood. In this study, we analyzed data from 96,726,891 adults obtained from national health surveys in Brazil, Mexico, and Ecuador during 2018–2019. We employed random forest models to predict chronic disease diagnoses based on education, occupation, and access to essential services like sewage, piped water, and garbage collection. Our models performed best for indigenous and black individuals, underscoring significant inequities. Education emerged as a stronger predictor for women, while occupation was more influential for men. Specifically, removing education data reduced model performance for women by 59.6%, whereas removing occupation data reduced performance for men by 31.6%. These findings highlight the need for public policies tailored to the unique needs of different gender and ethnic groups—promoting improved employment opportunities for men, enhanced educational access for women, and better housing conditions for indigenous and black populations.
Safety of infliximab and adalimumab in pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases: a real-world analysis from FAERS database
Authors: DENG Yanhong , Shi Shengying , Feng Senling , Tan Xiangping , Wang Yinling , Yin Jinjin , Gao Yuanmei , Liu Shaozhi
Published: October 2024

The incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has significantly increased over the past few decades. Infliximab (IFX) and adalimumab (ADA) are the only two Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitors that have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of IBD in pediatric patients. However, postmarketing pharmacovigilance of the two TNF-α inhibitors in pediatric IBD is not sufficient and requires ongoing vigilant attention. We aimed to evaluate the safety of IFX and ADA in pediatric IBD using data from FAERS database. We filtered the queries within FAERS database to specifically identify indications of IBD among patients under the age of 18 from the first quarter of 2004 to that of 2024. Reporting odds ratio (ROR) and proportional reporting ratio (PRR) algorithnms were used to identify drug-adverse event associtions. A total of 15, 955 reports of adverse events (AEs) caused by IFX and ADA as the primary suspect (PS) for pediatric IBD were extracted from FAERS database. We detected 95 positive signals of IFX involved in 17 system organ classes (SOCs) and 165 positive signals of ADA involved in 20 SOCs. The most commonly reported AEs for IFX were related to infusion reactions, whereas the predominant AEs for ADA involved injection site reactions. The majority of our detected AEs were disclosed on the product labell; however, certain AEs, including attempted suicide, increased weight, and psoriasis for IFX, as well as suicidal depression for ADA, were not listed. The median time to onset of IFX-related AEs was 579 days (interquartile range [IQR] 159.25–1357 days), with the majority occurring after 360 days initiation of IFX. While the median time to onset of ADA-related AEs was 79 days ([IQR] 21.75–295 days), with the majority occurring within 90 days after initiation of ADA. We conducted a comprehensive assessment and comparison of the safety of IFX and ADA for treating pediatric IBD, using real-world data from the FAERS database. Our study emphasizes the importance for medical practitioners to closely monitor AEs that may result in serious outcomes and are not listed in the labeling, thereby ensuring the safety of IFX and ADA treatments for children with IBD.
HMMR is an independent prognostic indicator in neuroblastoma and loss of HMMR suppresses cell proliferation, migration and clonogenicity.
Authors: Karapouliou Christina , Rajeeve Vinothini , Cutillas Pedro , stoker andrew
Published: October 2024

Purpose
Neuroblastoma is a childhood cancer with poor survival rates. Approximately 75% of tumours have no identified oncogenic driver and here our aim was for the first time to investigate whether HMMR, a protein with hyaluronic acid (HA)-binding properties, nuclear actions, and oncogene-like roles in other cancers, harbors similar potential roles in neuroblastoma cells.
Methods
We bioinformatically analysed patient survival data in relation to HMMRexpression, followed by CRISPR/Cas9-based disruption of HMMR in KELLY neuroblastoma cells. HMMR’s support of proliferation, motility and clonogenicity were analysed and the dependence on exogenous HA determined. Xenografted tumours with disrupted HMMR were analysed to assess animal survival characteristics. Lastly, phosphoproteomics was used to begin to define the biochemical actions of HMMR in these tumour-derived cells.
Results
High HMMRexpression is shown to be an independent prognostic indicator of poor survival in neuroblastoma patients. Furthermore, HMMR-deficient cells in culture have reduced proliferation, motility and clonogenic capacities compared to parental cells, and HA had variable ability to rescue these. Loss of HMMR also reduces xenografted tumour growth rates. Signaling downstream of MAPK1/2 and MTOR were both disrupted at a phosphoproteomic level after loss of HMMR, while the phospho-status of DNA damage response (DDR) proteins was significantly enhanced.
Conclusion
This study indicates that high HMMR expression could be a new and potentially useful prognostic marker of poor neuroblastoma survival. Moreover, HMMR has oncoprotein-like properties in neuroblastoma cells, with some actions being HA-regulated. The study also reveals the first data that may implicate HMMR in MTOR and DDR regulation.
Self inserted foreign body in bladder of a male patient : complications and management.
Authors: Ahmad Ali , Shabbir Muhammad Usama Bin , Tariq Abdullah , Javeriya Sana , Khan Kamran
Published: October 2024

We document the case of a 28-year-old male who presented with frequent UTI and lower urinary tract symptoms including haematuria resulting from a self-inflicted intravesical foreign body. The patient underwent diagnostic evaluation, including a kidney-ureter-bladder (KUB) X-ray and ultrasound (USG), which confirmed the presence and location of the foreign object within the bladder. Due to the size and positioning of the object, an open cystectomy was performed to safely remove it. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. We discharged the patient with recommendations for psychiatric evaluation to address potential underlying behavioural or psychological issues associated with self-inflicted injuries. This case reflects the need for a multidisciplinary approach in managing similar presentations, combining surgical intervention with psychological support.
Missense variants in homeobox domain of PBX1 cause coracoclavicular ankylosis
Authors: Kurosawa Kenji , Iwai Maki , Stuurman Kyra , Meagher Kirsten , Leveille Lise , Saisu Takashi , Mori Satomi , Kumaki Tatsuro , Enomoto Yumi , Aida Noriko , Suzuki Hisato , Takenouchi Toshiki , Kosaki Kenjiro , Patel Millan , Nishimura Gen
Published: October 2024

There have been several reports on heterozygous loss of function variants in PBX1 associated with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). We report three patients harboring de novo heterozygous missense variants in PBX1, who did not have CAKUT, but instead presented with respiratory failure, developmental delay, and, the most important, a unique skeletal phenotype characterized by broad and short clavicles with coracoclavicular ankylosis and broad ischia with premature fusion of the ischiopubic synchondrosis. All the variants are clustered at the last portion of the homeobox domain. These phenotypes are consistent with mouse models with functional dysregulation in Pbx1 or its interacting factor, Emx2. This study reports a novel phenotype affecting the clavicle and ischia due to PBX1 variants and expands the clinical spectrum of PBX1-related disorder.