bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The image of alma mater in the memoir novel by E. Grishkovets “Theater of despair. Desperate theater”
Authors:   Kemerovo State University (Kemerovo, Russian Federation), Kalashnikova Anna L. , Nalegach Natalya V. ,   Kemerovo State University (Kemerovo, Russian Federation), Sinegubova Kapitalina V. ,   Kemerovo State University (Kemerovo, Russian Federation)
Published: December 2021

The paper examines the image of Kemerovo State University in the novel by E. Grishkovets “Theater of despair. Desperate theater.” A comparative analysis reveals the specifics of KemSU relevant to the novel and its qualitative difference from other universities in Kemerovo. We can see how the student hero gets used to the University, becomes a part of it, and joins the University world. In the novel, this communion is shown as a capture, involvement, not always reflected by the hero. There are several semiotic places associated with the hero’s philological education and the creative life of students in the space of KemSU. Kemerovo State University embodies the most significant values of freedom, creativity, love, and enthusiasm in the artistic axiology of the novel. It is the place of special laws, emotional relationships, and connections, in a word, of the University spirit. The connection between the University and the theater in KemSU appears as natural and organic (“the University loved its theater”), in contrast to other universities, where the theater is an alien, fundamentally super-fluous element. In addition, the image of the theater in the novel opposes the space of an industrial city. The paper thus traces the exceptional role of the University in the emergence of love for the theater and the hero’s choice of the theater field. By its role in the novel, KemSU is literally realized as Alma mater, “nursing mother,” contributing to the creative development of the hero primarily related to the philological theme in the novel.
Mythologeme Mat’-Syra-Zemlya (Damp Mother Earth) in the Russian language picture of the world
Authors:   Institute of Foreign Languages, Pimenova Marina V. , Moshina Elena A. ,   Military Institute (Engineering) of the Military Academy of Logistics Army General A. V. Khrulev
Published: December 2021

The paper presents the study of the mythologeme Mat’-Syra-Zemlya (Damp Mother Earth) as a part of the Russian language picture of the world. Mythologeme is a phenomenon of language consciousness going back to a certain archetype. The authors have revealed that the linguistic consciousness of the Russian language native speakers firmly holds the linguoculturological meanings of the mythologeme under study, with most striking, firmly rooted in the Russian language picture of the world, the differential signs associated with this mythologeme being: ‘person (female)’ (48.5 %), ‘mother’ (26.3 %), ‘goddess’ (17.3 %), ‘surface’ (5.4 %), ‘grave’ (2.5 %). The mythologeme Mat’-Syra-Zemlya combines two differential signs: ‘birth’ and ‘death’. The earth is the birth womb and grave into which a person leaves after death. There is evidence of syncretism of sememes due to the change of religion: the adoption of Christianity when a new ritual practice of funerals came to Russian culture. According to the analysis, the mythologeme Mat’-Syra-Zemlya implements a complex of signs in the Russian linguistic culture, with the prototype being a more ancient mythologeme - Velikaya Boginya Mat’ (the Great Mother Goddess). The study has revealed the following associative meanings related to the mythologeme Mat’-Syra-Zemlya in the Russian linguistic culture: 1. Earthly life in this world; 2. Agricultural activities of man (plowing); 3. Family - earthly and heavenly; 4. Ritual practice (oath, frankincense; handful / pinch of land transported to a new land); 5. Death and funeral; 6. Birth and return to earth.
Vocabulary reflecting the titles of Evenk and Even dances
Authors:   Institute of Languages and Cultures of the Peoples of the Northeast, Andreeva Tamara E. ,   Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Belolyubskaya Varvara G. ,   Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Struchkov Kirill N. ,   Institute of Languages and Cultures of the Peoples of the Northeast
Published: December 2021

The paper is a comprehensive description of the vocabulary of the dancing culture of Tungus ethnic groups - Evens and Evenks. The development of Even and Evenk folk dancing art was preconditioned by the peculiarities of their economic activity and way of life and the geographical conditions of the northern region. The dances and games reflect the local features related to the history of Even and Evenk settlements in the territories they currently inhabit. Round and imitative dances, an integral part of all ritual celebrations, are the most typical and distinctive for their dancing culture. Intimate relationship to nature is important for dancing vocabulary formation. The traditional culture of Tungus peoples was considerably influenced by their confession: as pagans, they shaped their mythical and real notions of a totem. The dancing tempo of Evenk round dances was influenced by Yakut round dance osuokhai. The analysis of ethnographic, folklore, linguistic, and the authors’ field materials allowed presenting the titles of Evens’ and Evenks’ imitative round dances for the first time holistically. Common and distinctive features of Even and Evenk vocabulary of the round and imitative dances’ titles are revealed. The notions of dance and song in Even and Evenk languages are often indivisible, expressed by cognate words: Even nѳrgenek “dancing with singing”, Evenk iken, ikevun “dancing with singing”. Most of the vocabulary common to the Even and Evenk languages is indigenous to them, with Evenk-Even linguistic correlations on the lexical and semantic levels, suggesting the commonality of the historical processes affecting the development of these languages.
Connotative proper names of the post-Soviet period: features of understanding and reproducibility
Authors:   Volgograd State Socio-Pedagogical University, Kryukova Irina V. , Vrublevskaya Oksana V. ,   Volgograd State Socio-Pedagogical University, Khvesko Tamara V. ,   Tyumen State University
Published: December 2021

The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the proper names that have changed or acquired emotional and evaluative connotations over the last 30 years (the connotative names used in a figurative sense in the texts of different genres). The experiment, 200 respondents from Volgograd and Tyumen involved two stages: first, the degree of names recognition was determined, second, the level of reproducibility of these names in a figurative meaning was identified. Socio-political situation changes tend to lead to significant semantic shifts in the meaning of well-known connotative names. Of particular relevance is the post-Soviet period, a new stage in the history of modern Russia, due to having affected both the economic and political processes in the country and the value priorities of Russian society reflected in the language of the last three decades. Psycholinguistic methods for studying lexical semantics, namely, the method of addition and synonymous replacement and the method of restoring incomplete utterance, were applied to establish the features of understanding and reproducibility of connotative names of the post-Soviet period by native speakers of the Russian language. The results allow ranking the names according to the degree of recognition (low, medium, or high) and marking the levels of reproducibility (names with stable or lost connotations). The regional and age peculiarities of understanding and reproducing the connotative names of the post-Soviet period are noted. The prospects and relevance of the lexicographic description of the connotative names are determined.
Syntactic means of expressing a possibility in the Tuvan language
Authors:   Institute of Philology SB RAS, Shamina Ludmila A.
Published: December 2021

Tuvan biverbal analytical constructions are fixed verb combinations characterized by specific morphosyntactic and semantic properties. They consist of a lexical verb in the form of a participle or participle and an auxiliary verb. This is an unchangeable part of the construction, - a constant. The paper discusses the syntactic means of expressing modal meanings in the functional block of possibilities in the Tuvan language in comparison with the Altaic and Khakass languages. One of these tools is analytical verbal constructions. The author characterizes these constructions with modal semantics of the possibility/impossibility to perform an action. The second component of such constructions can be expressed by grammatical and lexical means. Lexical means are modal words, particles. The grammatical means include infinite forms, modal verbs, and mood and voice forms. The function of the constructions under consideration is a verb predicate. With varying degrees of grammaticalization, they are included in the range of analytical constructions with a wide range of semantics, being a wide-spread, universal, flexible means of conveying the meanings of possibility/impossibility in the modern Tuvan language. Structurally, analytical constructions are a compact way of representing modal meanings, combining several meanings in one structure.
Intonation of the Altai language (simple one-component imperative utterances)
Authors:   Institute of Philology SB RAS (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation), Dobrinina Albina A.
Published: December 2021

The paper presents the results of studying the Altai language intonation on the experimental material recorded from six speakers fluent in the Altai language from different regions of the Altai Republic. The recording program consisted of situational single-component imperative utterances. Twenty sentences were pronounced three times each in positive and negative versions, in singular and plural, having different degrees of imperativeness, but without any expressive emotional load. The single-compound motivational statements considered are expressed by imperative or desirable verb forms in the first-, second-, and third-person singular and plural in the affirmative and negative variants. The experimental phonetic study has revealed rising tone to be characteristic for positive and negative imperative one-component sentences, with fundamental tone frequency peaks at the last syllable and there being a possibility for intensity, presumably marking the stressed syllable, to shift within a word-form. The analysis showed the intonation marking of motivational statements to depend on their type: action stimulation, order or demand, are characterized by inclination, a request - by a combined ascending-descending tone, a ban - by a descending tone, advice - both by ascending-descending intonation and declination. In the negative version, in singular and plural, in three or more syllabic sentences on the negative particles -ba / -be, -pa / -pe, etc., there is an even tone or a decrease in the frequency of the fundamental tone. The peak of intensity in such sentences is realized on the last syllable of the verb. In addition, the vowel of the final syllable is usually prolonged.
Punctuation mark: area of use, scope of action and hierarchy of contexts
Authors:   Institute of Philology SB RAS, Kim Igor E. ,   Novosibirsk State University
Published: December 2021

The paper deals with the theoretical problems of the interaction of punctuation marks and the contexts in which they are used. With regard to punctuation, the text has a potentially complex multi-stage hierarchical structure. It is important to distinguish between three areas of use (macrocontexts): 1) text; 2) phrase; 3) word. At the text level, there are paragraphemic means with high expressiveness - spatial, color, font - in combination with punctuation means. Punctuation marks are the main means of division at the phrasal level. A hyphen, an apostrophe, a slash are the means of division at the word level. They are graphic signs similar to punctuation marks. The usage of punctuation marks depends on their microcontexts (the scopes of action). It proves difficult to use and interpret the behavior of punctuation marks in case when the principles of the hierarchy of the contexts they serve are violated.
Faithful son of “that land, that air, those mountains, between which his cradle once swayed”. Book review: G. I. Gurkin and Gorny Altai - a genius and a place: an anthology. T. P. Shastina (Ed.). Gorno-Altaysk: AU RA “Literary and Publishing House “Altyn-Tuu”, 2019, 192 p.
Authors:   Institute of Philology SB RAS, Proskurina Elena N. , Silantev Igor V. ,   Institute of Philology SB RAS
Published: December 2021

The anthology under review contains articles and notes from the Tomsk provincial periodicals of 1907-1917, dedicated to the exhibitions of the Altai artist G. I. Choros-Gurkin and presents a chronicle of the cultural life of Siberia in the 1920s. The book includes rare publications and archival materials, among which the literary experiences of the artist are of particular value. Also included are literary works of the second half of the twentieth century reflecting the evolution of the image of G. Gurkin from a contemporary to a genius of the place. The publication of this work dedicated to the 150th anniversary of his birth demonstrates the growing interest in the work of the Altai artist in the Russian cultural space, which began in the first years of the past century and is associated with such major names of Russian culture as G. N. Potanin, V. Ya. Shishkov, G. D. Grebenshchikov, A. V. Anokhin, I. I. Shishkin, and others.
Interuniversity scientific seminar “Transient phenomena in language and speech,” in memoriam of Professor Vera Vassilyevna Babaytseva (Kolomna, February 10, 2021)
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University, Vysotskaya Irina V.
Published: December 2021

This review provides the summaries of reports presented in the scientific seminar “Transient phenomena in language and speech” dedicated to the memory of Professor Vera Vassilyevna Babaytseva, which was held online on the digital platform of the State University of Humanities and Social Studies (Kolomna, Russia). The seminar included a presentation of a paper by Babaytseva on the syntactic functions of the pronouns ty and vy that remained unpublished during the author’s lifetime. Also, a number of reports on topical issues of the Russian syntax were presented: the functioning of stable comparisons svetlo kak dnem and temno kak noch’yu in the structure of an impersonal sentence; the semantics and syntactics of predicatives vidno and slyshno in a complex sentence with complement clauses; performative inseparable utterances; variability in language and speech in correlation with the concept of “norm” when related to the word as a lexical or syntactical system unit; the contrast of the conditional-temporal logical-grammatical model (N1 - eto kogda ...) and the explanatory one (N1/Pron - eto pro N4). The information on the works of recent years implementing the ideas of the structural-semantic direction of modern Russian studies was introduced at the seminar.
Vitaly Ryabinin’s “Japanese watercolors”: genre and stanza experiments
Authors:   Institute of Philology SB RAS, Kulikova Elena Yu.
Published: December 2021

“Exotic” themes, extremely popular in art at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries, craving for “foreign,” for extraordinary travels to Africa, India, the East, determined not only the properties of plot-motive complexes in literature, painting, and music but also the features of genre structure of the Silver Age works. In his microcycle “Japanese watercolors” from the poetic book “Melody-trill chords,” the poet V. Ryabinin operates with lyric genres (sonnet, romance) and stanza forms (sextins, hexameters). Stylized genres and stanzas reveal the author’s technique and show classic solid forms in a new aspect. The poet uses Japanese names (“Niavari,” “Nipu,” “Kitamura”), immerses the reader into the world of Japanese words and images (“Harakiri,” “Arigato,” “Geisha,” “Sayonara,” “hasivar”), mentions geographical names (“Fujiyama,” “Sumidagawa,” “Kurisan”), and even composes the poems in the hokku (haiku) genre. These are exactly “watercolors” - the poems combining the richness of tone, dense and bright construction of space, and “black and white” graphicality of images and motives. To emphasize this protuberant solidity, “sketches” are placed in strict forms. Thus, from “drawing” to “drawing”, from text to text, the reader moves in the world of Japanese shadows created by Ryabinin. “Watercolors” are an attempt to comprehend the colors and shades of the Japanese soul by a European - sometimes in a European manner, using “Western tools.” From the oriental genres, the poet chooses only the hokku, and the rest of the poems are created in terms of European classical forms, the Japanese theme entirely penetrating the cycle of “Watercolours.”.
The plot “notification of the imminent parent death” in Russian literature of the 20th century
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Korzhova Inessa N.
Published: December 2021

The paper identifies and investigates a motif complex formed in the Russian literature of the first half of the 20th century and implemented mainly in the works of the 1960s. It develops the theme of parental melancholy that is widely represented in literature and, influenced by Yesenin’s “Letter to mother,” acquires the motif of death and indirect communication. The plot takes its final shape in K. Simonov’s poems “The Return” and “First love” and develops a stable semantic core in Paustovsky’s short story “The telegram”. This study proves the direct influence of Simonov’s works on Paustovsky. Basic to the plot is the situation of a lonely parent, abandoned by an adult child. There are several stages in the plot development, with the news of the imminent death of a parent being the central event. The younger character receives a letter or a telegram from the parent or his or her surroundings, with a possible duplicate message telling about the forthcoming or incurred parent’s death. In all plot implementations, the child fails to find the parent alive and sometimes ignores the call, actualizing the idea of guilt. Included in the plot is the motif of indirect communication from the parent and the child, both realized and possible. This written communication is perceived as an ersatz of genuine contact and does not relieve the parent’s pain and loneliness. An important micro-detail of the complex is the iconography of waiting: the description of the parent looking at the road (window, door).
A lexicological commentary on the fabulous sights of Russia and especially Siberia
Authors:   Institute of Philology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Anikin Alexander E.
Published: December 2021

The paper deals with the peculiarities of the “Siberian” text of Russian and world literature in the aspect of diachrony. The author provides lexicological comments to some of the data on the natural history of Russia attached to the “Grammatica Russica” by G. V. Ludolph (1696), including many of the sights of Muscovy from the flora or fauna, minerals, ores, trade items, and so on. Among others, the Chinese medicine Temzui is mentioned, the etymology discussed in the first part of the paper. However, the focus of the first part is on the two fossil objects described by Ludolph, namely, Adamovoi kost ‘Adam’s bone’ (essentially, fossil wood) and Mammontovoi kost ‘mammoth bone’, that is, the bones or “horns” of a mammoth. In this context, the author considers the origin of Even adām ‘coal’, Yakut Adām uota ‘fire wiped out of wood’ (cf. Russian dial. derev’annyi ogon’, literally ‘wooden fire’), Russian mamont, indrik, inder, endar’ ‘fabulous beast’ and others. It is especially noted that the biblical etymology of the mammoth (from the name of the behemoth), appeared in the 18th century, finally was rejected only in the 20th century. Information is given about the typology of the mammoth designations against the background of mythological ideas about mammoth among the peoples of Siberia. The second part of the paper deals with the origin of some facts absent in Ludolph’s work: three Russian (in Siberian dialects), Yakut, and other names of people of a fantastic type (headless, etc.): miravda, chuchuna, myulen.
Terminography of the Sakha language: formation and composition
Authors:   Institute for Humanitarian Research and North Indigenous Peoples Problems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Okoneshnikov Egor I. , Akimova Aleksandra S. ,   Institute for Humanitarian Research and North Indigenous Peoples Problems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Borisova Yulia M. ,   Institute for Humanitarian Research and North Indigenous Peoples Problems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

The paper, following the modern theory of terminography, considers the formation and composition of the terminology of the Sakha language selection and quality of vocabulary dictionaries, and their composition (inventory and interpretation) parameters. Yakut terminography has dictionaries for all branches of knowledge: nine - in natural sciences, six - in social (humanitarian) sciences, one - in technical sciences, with there being also four macro-compositional (multi-field) dictionaries. The authors provide a classification analysis of terminological dictionaries for typologies and compositional parameters. According to compositional parameters, there are multi-field and single-field dictionaries in Sakha terminology. An inventory of terms is a collection and description of all words-terms belonging to the selected field of knowledge or its thematic fragment. Inventory dictionaries are Russian-Sakha, once again confirming the leading role of the Russian terminological school. New concepts with their designations come to us through the Russian language. The defining type includes dictionaries with the head vocabulary provided with definitions (brief interpretations). The definition should be accurate, concise, but sufficient and should not contain redundant information. The definition is an excellent technique for highlighting the terminological meaning of a polysemantic word and a word with an undifferentiated meaning. With terminological dictionaries intersecting in some way, the faceted principle of dividing them was subsequently adopted. Faceted typology is convenient for sorting varieties of dictionaries by their parallel bases. Sakha terminography, comprising multi-field and mixed dictionaries, needs a faceted typology. Faceted typology involves the identification of specific lexicographic parameters serving as the basis for the classification of dictionaries.
Semantic features of the sensory-evidential “auditive” grammeme in the Nenets shamanistic songs
Authors:   Institute of Philology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ilyina Lyudmila A.
Published: December 2021

The specific semantic features and the functions of sensory evidential verbal “auditive” forms are identified and specified in Nenets shamanistic ritual songs documented by Toivo Lehtisalo at the beginning of the 20th century. The significant typological specificity of Samoyedic evidential systems is the availability of verbal forms marked by special morphological formants expressing sensory evidential meanings. The verbal forms in question, indicating an auditory, acoustic source of receiving the information being communicated, are traditionally termed as “auditive” in Samoyedic linguistics. The cognitive problem is that the particular grammatical meaning of the auditive that is basic in the diachronic levels documented, in fact, coincides with the lexical meaning of the Samoyedic verbs of auditory perception. When used in evidential utterances, they indicate an auditory source of information communicated in the same way as the auditive grammemes in their basic meaning. That is why, at the later stages documented, the Samoyedic “auditive” is assumed to be redundant archaism that is not based on any actual communicative demand but only depends on folklore tradition. Nenets shamanistic ritual song texts informatively documented by Toivo Lehtisalo offer linguistically fact-based, historical, and ethnological facts. These facts make it possible to assume that the Samoyedic “auditive” primarily was grammaticalized in the sacral sphere, and its diachronically earlier semantics reflected the specificity of sacral shamanistic performance ritual communication with invisible ghost helpers. Therefore, the diachronically earlier auditive semantics was specific and different from the lexical semantics of auditive perception verbs.
Functional grammar in the service of poetry (infinitive writing in poetical texts by B. Akhmadulina, I. Brodsky, A. Kushner)
Authors:   Udmurt State University, Milyutina Marina G.
Published: December 2021

This paper discusses the issues of the poetic grammar of the infinitive. The author suggests that grammar is no less involved in the formation of the poetic text artistic peculiarities than lexis. Linguistic analysis of the poetical texts is based on the methodological apparatus of functional grammar becoming increasingly important for studying poetical structures. Poetical texts by B. Akhmadulina, I. Brodsky, and A. Kushner devoted to the dream theme were analyzed for typical features of the “infinitive writing” (A. K. Zholkovsky), a special poetical technique. The author assumes that the analysis considering the creative laboratory of infinitive poetry through the eyes of a linguist can considerably develop and compliment valuable observations of A. K. Zholkovsky. The infinitive specificity is that it opens up opportunities for its unusual, stylistically and semantically significant research. The detailed analysis revealed the features of expressing the categories of temporality and modality in dependent and independent infinitive constructions, which are considered serial. A conclusion was made that infinitive constructions, especially those with an independent infinitive, leave a great space for multiple interpretations in a poetic context. The very use of the infinitive writing technique is intentional, allowing the author of the text to form a special “meditative mood” (A. K. Zholkovsky). The infinitive constructions are most suitable for deepening the text’s modal plan and making the text more expressive. Without pointing directly to the external time, they allow focusing on the internal flow of the action, bringing its aspectual characteristics to the foreground.
Linking tools for complex constructions of temporal semantics: functional aspect
Authors:   Siberian Transport University, Pometelina Svetlana M.
Published: December 2021

The paper is devoted to analyzing the temporal means of linking polypredicative constructions of the Russian language in functional aspects. From the standpoint of the functional approach, the linking tools for complex sentences with the value of time perform two functions: causator of time relations and formal indicator of the relationship between predicative units. The bifunctionality of linking tools determines its division into conjunctions, connectives, and functives. The term “functive,” already known in linguistics, acquires a new content: functives are suggested to be combinations of typified lexical elements with conjunctions, acting as conjunctions. The following criteria to distinguish complex conjunctions from their functional analogs were defined: semantic fusion (stability of component composition, idiomatic meaning of unions); structural fusion (singleness of a complex conjunction, inseparability of its components); functional fusion (a complex conjunction simultaneously performs both functions inherent in linking tools). Four types of temporal functives have been identified. The scale of their phraseologicalization was constructed based on the degree of compliance with the criteria of conjunctionality. It has been established that the functives of complex temporal sentences are the closest to conjunctions. The second place on the scale of phraseologization is occupied by functives of constructions with temporal concretizers. The third place goes to the functives of constructions of phraseological structure. The least close to the conjunction status are the functives representing the linking tools in syntactically related constructions.
Towards the explication of the universals of the Russian language personality on the model of the associative-verbal network
Authors:   Institute of Philology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Shaposhnikova Irina V.
Published: December 2021

The study of the universals of the Russian language personality on the model of the associative-verbal network (AVN) proceeds from ontological and epistemological aspects. Ontologically the AVN “inherits” a number of functional properties from the human cognitome hypernetwork. Along with the dissipation of grammar and stochastic formation of the vectors of associative dominants, they can be attributed to universals in the narrow sense of the word (ultimately due to the evolutionary biological specifics of the species). On the one hand, the dissipated character of grammar in the AVN and stochasticity of the emergence of meaningful vectors impose epistemological restrictions on the methods used to study the AVN phenomena. On the other hand, the gradual accumulation of the new Russian corpora of verbal associations opens a window of research perspectives for studying culturally imposed universals of the Russian language personality in current diachrony with reference to ethno-social and regional variability. The formalization of associative-verbal processes is associated with methods of explicating grammar (dissipated in AVN) and its role in the emergent meaning-formation. The author’s techniques of working with the AVN of the Russian language personality on the latest experimental materials (the database SIBAS and its subcorpora) are aimed at explicating the associative profiles of lexico-grammatical phenomena and their relevance for the analysis of the universals in a broad sense of the term, the associative dominants creating a unified but dynamic with their fluctuations semantic field of the personality’s verbal culture.
Pastoral motives in A Pitiful Comedy about Adam and Eve by J. G. Gregory
Authors:   A. M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kaplun Marianna V.
Published: December 2021

The paper examines the functioning of descriptions of the Garden of Eden in A Pitiful Comedy about Adam and Eve by Johann Gottfried Gregory, staged in 1675 at the court of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. The description of the paradise garden in the play under study originates from the biblical tradition and is structured according to the Lutheran canon that was well-known to the author. The Russian play on the plot of Adam and Eve shows a connection with Paradise Lost by J. Milton. Following Milton, Gregory depicts Adam as the crown of creation of pastoral harmony. However, unlike Milton, Gregory’s pastoral descriptions in the play are of an inset character. The description of harmonic nature takes on a pastoral motif when the author starts imagining a particular (royal) garden as a biblical Eden, making the biblical descriptions of the garden expressive in an idyllic way. A similar technique can be found in the works of the English playwrights of the Elizabethan era, for example, in the plays of J. Peel. In Gregory’s play, a special place is occupied by the eclogue, the elements of which can be identified in the work of Juan del Encina. When considering the relationship between the concepts of “a pastoral,” “an idyll,” “a secular pastoral,” and “an eclogue”, one can find in Gregory’s play a clear predominance of secular pastoral with elements of idyll, which is due to the court orientation of the first Russian plays written for the theater of Tsar Aleksey Mikhailovich.
E. P. Kovalevsky and F. M. Dostoyevsky: social and literature connections
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Alexandrova Elena V.
Published: December 2021

The paper is dedicated to the relationship of E. P. Kovalevsky and F. M. Dostoevsky in the 40s and 60s of the 19th century. The work examines the writers’ sociopolitical views during the period of their participation in the circle of M. V. Petrashevsky and the meetings of S. F. Durov and A. I. Palm. Both writers being influenced by the ideas of the Petrashevtsy inevitably affected their work and, in particular, the narrator’s, the typology of heroes. The friendly relationship between E. P. Kovalevsky and F. M. Dostoevsky was to be continued within the framework of the Literary Fund activities. Kovalevsky highly appreciated Dostoevsky’s work in the Fund. Since 1860, the writer was an indispensable participant in all literary readings and performances. Consideration is given to the aspects of mutual understanding and mutual influence bringing the two artists together in solving complex issues: the attitude to Russian life, the situation and psychology of modern man in Russia and the West, the Eastern question on the example of Kovalevsky’s essay “An episode from the war of the Montenegrins with the Austrians” and chapters from “A Writer’s Diary” for July - August 1876 “Idealist-Cynics” and “Should One Be Ashamed of Being an Idealist?” by Dostoevsky. They are united by a caring attitude towards the Slavic peoples. For the first time, this paper presents the unpublished letters of Kovalevsky to Dostoevsky and the letters of Palm to Kovalevsky.
Female images and trauma visualization in the blockade text of Olga Bergholz
Authors:   Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskij Dom) of the Russian Academy of Science, Prozorova Natalya A.
Published: December 2021

This work investigates the role of female images in the representation of trauma in the blockade narrative by O. F. Bergholz. Her poetic texts for propaganda posters “Okna TASS” and the poem “Conversation with a neighbor” portray realistic images of women. The poem “The February Diary” conveys the blockade trauma through the aesthetics of silence, filled with existential semantics. In “Leningrad Poem,” the poet emphasizes the loss of sacred traditions: the disconsolate mother cannot bury her child. In “Leningrad Autumn,” Bergholz reproduces real everyday life and religious-mystical being: the figure of a woman holding a board with nails visualizes a graphic symbol - a cross, manifesting the burden of people’s ordeal. In the novel “Day Stars,” the chapter “Smoke Break,” the author depicts the emotional and moral threshold crossed by two Leningrad women, sitting on a sled with a coffin and having a smoke break. In the passage “Banya” from the unfinished second part of “Day stars,” Bergholz breaks through to the “existentially uncomfortable writing” and visualizes the blockade trauma in the category of physicality traditionally tabooed in the literature of the Soviet period. The naked female body becomes exceptionally expressive and serves as a sign to reveal new meanings in the literary text. Skinny bodies being the norm, the appearance of a buxom beauty in the bathhouse caused anger: the blockade women identified her as an enemy. The author of the paper defines Leningrad women, considered in the framework of trauma studies, as a “community of loss” of female identity.
Some indicators of left ventricular dysfunction in hypertensive patients, depending on the level of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1
Authors: Kalinkina T V , Lareva N V , Chistyakova M V
Published: December 2021

Aim. To study the level of matrix metalloproteinases-1 and -2, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1, the indicator of left ventricular myocardial deformation in patients with stage 12 hypertension. Methods. 114 patients (40 women and 74 men) with hypertension of 12 stages observed in the cardiology Department of the Road clinical hospital Chita II were examined. The median age was 428.3 years. Left ventriclular diastolic function was studied by using tissue Doppler imaging in apical four-chamber views. Serum matrix metalloproteinase-1, matrix metalloproteinase-2, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 levels were measured in all patients on automated immunoassay analyzers using ready-to-use ELISA kits. Results. An increase in serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases-1 and -2 in the group of patients with hypertension and diastolic dysfunction by 46 and 47%, respectively, was found against increased levels of serum tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (р=0.049). In patients with diastole dysfunction, myocardial global longitudinal strain was decreased in was observed by 22.8% compared with patients without diastole dysfunction (p 0.05). The analysis revealed a moderate negative relationship between left ventricular global longitudinal strain and the serum levels of metalloproteinases-2 (r=0.64, p 0.05). Conclusion. In patients with hypertension and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, a decrease in left ventricular global longitudinal strain is associated with the serum level of matrix metalloproteinase-2; a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 is unrelated to left ventricular global myocardial strain.
The role of lectures in the modern educational space
Authors: Andreeva S. A. , Karelina N. R. , Kim T. I. , Artyukh L. Y. , Opedizano M. L.
Published: December 2021

This article presents the authors personal views on the role, the place and the forms of lecture teaching of the morphological disciplines at the medical universities. Historical analysis shows that lecture has traditionally been the leading form of a university education. At the same time, the increasing requirements for the quality and efficiency of the modern educational process, the intensive intercalation of computer technologies in education and medicine raise the question of the preferred methods of conducting this type of classes. In addition, the difficult epidemiological situation, that is observed today around the world, has made its own adjustments to this discussion. The article provides a comparative overview of the various forms of presentation of lecture material (face-to-face lectures, online lectures in synchronous and asynchronous versions), and details the advantages and the disadvantages of each of them. Evaluating the positive and the negative aspects of the remote lectures, we can say that this format is not perfect for studying at a medical university. Moreover, it is not suitable for giving lectures on human anatomy because their demonstrativeness suffers. A lecture is a parade of a department, noticed the academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences V.N. Shevkunenko. It can give an ability for a creativity, a lifeline in the process of a powerful flow of information to a student, select the most useful and necessary things, promote the development of а professional competence, help to find guidelines, life values and meanings. All this can be fully implemented only with live communication in а lecture audience, which is the secret of the longevity of a lecture.
Strain diversity and antibiotic-sensitivity of staphylococcus spp. Isolates from patients of multiprofile pediatric hospital in St. Petersburg, Russia
Authors: Gladin D. P. , Khairullina A. R. , Korolyuk A. M. , Kozlova N. S. , Ananyeva O. V. , Gorbunov O. G.
Published: December 2021

Background. Staphylocci are the leading pus-forming Gram-positive bacteria in the childrens hospitals. The prevalence of the antibiotic resistant strains among them limits therapeutic effects of infections in children.

Aim. The research is aimed at characterizing the species of staphylococcus, which are isolated from the different clinical specimens of the patients at the clinics of Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University in 2019, and analysis of their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents.

Materials and metods. According to the clinical recommendations of 2018, susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs (AMD) was revealed in 860 strains of staphylococci determined by the disc diffusion method, which were identified by the automated analyser Vitek-2 compact.

Results. Six species of staphylococci were represented at the hospital departments, among which Staphylococcus epidermidis prevailed in the departments of the neonate pathology department and intensive care units (63.0% and 46.2% respectively), Staphylococcus aureus is commonly found at the departments of surgery and the departments of the therapeutic profiles (61.7% and 46.2% respectively). More than a half of the staphylococci strains (63.0%) were resistant to at least one of the antimicrobial drugs. Vancomycin and line solid showed the highest activity to these staphylococci. High specific weight of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria (37.8%) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) strains of the phenotype (33.0%) was revealed. The level of antibiotic resistant strains was the highest in Staphylococcus haemolyticus (98.1%) and S. epidermidis (82.0%), while the specific weight of the resistant ones, MDR and XDR strains was extremely low among S. aureus (16.2%, 1.5% and 0.4 respectively), as well as in methicillin-resistant isolates (0.8%).

Conclusions. A great variety of antibiotic resistance was revealed among the staphylococci. The prevalence of these strains in the pediatric hospitals requires constant local monitoring of the antibiotic resistant staphylococci.
Rates of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents in St. Petersburg: assessment of the risks of developing metabolic syndrome
Authors: Ivanov D. O. , Uspensky Y. P. , Baryshnikova N. V. , Zakharov D. V. , Sousova Y. V.
Published: December 2021

Background. It is known that the earlier a persons body weight exceeds the normal range, the metabolic disorders associated with obesity will form at an earlier age. The progressive increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in different countries is primarily associated with the so-called human risk factors, which include: physical inactivity, excessive consumption of food rich in fats and carbohydrates, stress, smoking. In this regard, it is extremely important to regularly monitor the body weight of children and adolescents in order to early identify a tendency to increase body weight for the making recommendations for maintaining weight within the normal range.

Aim. To evaluate the frequency of obesity and overweight in children, adolescents and adults from among the residents of St. Petersburg, to conduct a comparative assessment of the data obtained.

Materials and methods. The work was attended by students of St. Petersburg schools (children and adolescents) and patients (adults) who are being treated in St. Petersburg State Medical Institution Elizavetinskaya Hospital. The sample was random: when collecting data from children and adolescents, data from one of the classes in each parallel from 4th to 11th grade were taken into account, when collecting data from adults 2 people from each ward of the gastroenterology department of the St. Petersburg State Medical Institution Elizavetinskaya Hospital. Data collection was carried out in the period: AugustDecember 2020. Statistical processing was performed out using the computer software package SPSS 8.0. Estimation of anthropometric parameters (age, body weight, height) and calculation of body mass index (BMI) were performed in 74 children (age 912 years), 137 adolescents (age 1318 years) and 55 adults (mean age 49.12 17.03).

Results. An increase in body weight was detected in 6.8% of children (5.4% overweight and 1.4% obese of the 1st degree), 14.6 % of adolescents (11.7% overweight and 2.9% obese of the 1st degree) and 62% of adults (36% overweight, 13% obese of the 1st degree, 7% obese of the 2nd degree, 6% obese of the 3rd degree). During the correlation analysis, it was observed that the proportion of overweight people in the observed age categories increased with age (p 0.05).

Conclusions. Overweight and obesity begin to be detected already in children, in a fairly large percentage of cases already occur in adolescents and are observed in more than half of the adults surveyed in St. Petersburg. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out activities among parents of preschoolers and schoolchildren, as well as, if possible, the children themselves, to form motivation to maintain a healthy lifestyle in order to prevent the early development of overweight.
Modelagem de Aterramentos Elétricos Solicitados por Descargas Atmosféricas
Authors: Frade Thiago Costa , Campos Gustavo Lobato , De Melo Natália Rodrigues
Published: December 2021

A principal função do aterramento elétrico é proteger equipamentos elétricos e seres vivos que se encontram nas suas proximidades. Portanto, é fundamental que esses sistemas sejam modelados adequadamente. Para fenômenos de baixas frequências, esses sistemas são bem definidos na literatura, porém para fenômenos de altas frequências, como é o caso das descargas atmosféricas, há a necessidade de cálculos mais complexos e um maior esforço computacional. Este artigo apresenta resultados da modelagem de um aterramento elétrico, composto por um eletrodo horizontal, através do modelo de linhas de transmissão. São definidos a impedância de aterramento e a sobretensão na entrada do sistema, para isso, considera-se os parâmetros do solo constantes e variáveis com a frequência.
Ocean Energy in the Caribbean: Technology Review, Potential Resource and Project Locational Guidance
Authors: Johnston Sweyn , McGlynn John , Prado Veronica R. , Williams Joseph
Published: December 2021

This publication assesses the potential for deployment of the leading Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) technologies including Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion across nine Countries of Interest (COI) in the Caribbean region. This is achieved by conducting a technology review, analysing resource levels in each of the COIs, and presenting the outputs of Locational Guidance work identifying preferred areas for potential future project development. This work concludes that MRE can offer a secure supply of indigenous clean energy, that resources are sufficiently abundant to meet the current and future energy demand of each of the COIs many times over, and that the leading MRE technologies are sufficiently advanced to be worthy of immediate prioritisation. This Technical Note draws on and presents outcomes from work undertaken in 2019 as part of a Technical Cooperation Agreement between the IDB and CDB under the Support for Sustainable and Resilient Projects in the Caribbean programme.
Transforming Indigenous Knowledge and Innovation Systems for African Intellectual Decolonization and Renaissance
Authors: Babalola Joel B. , Oni Adesoji A.
Published: December 2021

The application of knowledge (measured in term of entrepreneurship and innovations, research and development, and software and product design) has become one of the spring boards of economic growth. The paper highlights six hindrances to renaissance explosion in knowledge in Africa with special emphasis on inefficiency in indigenous knowledge systems following colonialism. It further highlighted major challenges such as low capacity to invest in advanced human capital, low scientific and analytical capacity, low level of access to education, low digital capacity, low public interest in knowledge systems and low strategic aspiration facing Africa in developing efficient indigenous knowledge systems. The authors, drawing on existing literature and expert consultations, clearly identified and established major challenges being faced by African countries in leveraging on intellectual advances and suggest ways to transform the knowledge and innovation system in moving the continent towards the knowledge economy.