bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tracing roots and linkages: Harnessing graph theory and social network analysis in genealogical research, based on the kin naming system
Authors: Joram Arun , Singh Karam Ratan , Mishra Lakshmi Narayan , Rathour Laxmi , Vanav Kumar A.
Published: July 2024

Graph theory is employed in this study to examine the Paate clan of the Nyishi tribe’s unique naming system. The network represented by the Parental graph is a directed acyclic graph with 1388 nodes which represent individuals of the clan, and 1387 arcs indicate father–son relationships and the transfer of the naming system. Centrality measures show that individual Kadu is the most essential node for linking others, while individual Nina is capable of communicating more efficiently with other nodes in the network. No clusters or cliques were observed in the network. The network exhibits characteristics of a scale-free network. No relinking marriages were observed in the genealogical network.
On the structure of quasi-T-cyclic codes
Authors: Ou-Azzou Hassan , Ialou Brahim , Mouatadid Lhousain
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we study linear codes of length [Formula: see text] that are invariant under an endomorphism [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] copies of [Formula: see text]), where [Formula: see text] is a cyclic endomorphism on [Formula: see text]. As each endomorphism can be represented by a matrix, we restrict our study on linear codes that are under a matrix [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is an [Formula: see text] cyclic matrix, called quasi-[Formula: see text]-cyclic codes of index [Formula: see text], and quasi-[Formula: see text]-cyclic codes when [Formula: see text] is the companion matrix of a polynomial [Formula: see text]. We prove a one-to-one correspondence between quasi-[Formula: see text]-cyclic codes of index [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]-submodules of [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is the minimal polynomial of [Formula: see text]. We prove the BCH-like and Hartmann–Tzeng-like bounds for [Formula: see text]-generator quasi-[Formula: see text]-cyclic codes. In addition, we study the additive structure of quasi-[Formula: see text]-cyclic codes by mapping them to [Formula: see text] via an [Formula: see text]-module morphism. Finally, we provide examples of new quantum codes derived from quasi-[Formula: see text]-cyclic codes as an application of our results.
Enhanced electrical properties and Vickers hardness of calcium bismuth niobate ceramics by W/Co substituted at B-site
Authors: Wang Fei , Yang Jia , Yang Qing , Chen Ning , Yang Xinji , Mo Mingyue , Xing Jie , Tan Zhi , Tian Zhongqing , Meng Fancheng , Guo Yuheng , Lin Huixing , Zhu Jianguo
Published: July 2024

Calcium bismuth niobate (CBN) ceramic, as a core element of high-temperature piezoelectric sensors, has attracted widespread attention due to its high Curie temperature within the class of Aurivillius compounds. However, CBN usually faces two shortcomings: poor piezoelectric constant and low resistivity. In this work, CBN-based ceramics with donor–acceptor ions (W/Co) co-substituted at B-site were prepared by solid-state reaction method, and structure–property relationship of ceramics was studied in detail. Co-substitution of W/Co ions effectively improved the electrical property and hardness of CBN ceramics. CaBi2Nb[Formula: see text](W[Formula: see text]Co[Formula: see text]O9 exhibits enhanced electrical and mechanical properties including high resistivity of [Formula: see text]cm at 500°C, piezoelectric constant of [Formula: see text] pC/N and hardness value of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]GPa. These values are two orders of magnitude, over two times, and 1.36 times higher than those of pure CBN ceramic, respectively. This work provides a reference for exploring other bismuth-layered structural ceramics.
Promoting Ethical Use of Generative AI in Education
Authors: Deng Xuefei (Nancy) , Joshi K.D.
Published: July 2024

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) represents a crucial subset of AI models characterized by their ability to generate new content based on user input, showing vast potential to transform learning and teaching. However, educators have raised ethical concerns, particularly regarding the adverse effect on students' learning if students simply parrot generative AI-generated content without engaging in critical analysis or original thought. Moreover, there exists the potential of generative AI to perpetuate existing biases in training data. This editorial discusses three major concerns in generative AI use in education and proposes questions (on task-AI fit and people-AI fit) and approaches to address the ethical considerations by adopting five principles of AI ethics. The editorial also discusses developing a classroom AI use policy as one governance mechanism for promoting ethical use of AI. As generative AI technology continues to evolve, so must our educational practices. The editorial ends with a call for readers (educators) to collaboratively define the terms of engagement with generative AI in educational settings and to begin this discourse by sharing insights and experiences with promoting ethical use of generative AI.
Facilitating Value Co-Creation Through Inter-Organizational Information Systems
Authors: Hönigsberg Sarah , Dinter Barbara
Published: July 2024

Many company networks, especially those comprising small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), face the challenge of digitally transforming their value co-creation (VCC). However, this topic, despite its high relevance, remains vastly under-researched. We thus conducted a case study in an SME network to investigate how these companies adapt their internal processes to enable an overarching VCC process in the network and use IT to support it. We first derived a framework of four propositions showing that the modularization of value creation, equality of actors, efficient information and knowledge flow, and inter-organizational information technology support facilitate VCC in these networks. The propositions framework then became our lens to analyze the SME network. Our empirical study enabled us to gain deeper insights into the relationships of the proposed facilitating factors for VCC in company networks and the role of inter-organizational information systems in this context.
Tractable Circuits in Database Theory
Authors: Amarilli Antoine , Capelli Florent
Published: July 2024

This work reviews how database theory uses tractable circuit classes from knowledge compilation. We present relevant query evaluation tasks, and notions of tractable circuits. We then show how these tractable circuits can be used to address database tasks. We first focus on Boolean provenance and its applications for aggregation tasks, in particular probabilistic query evaluation. We study these for Monadic Second Order (MSO) queries on trees, and for safe Conjunctive Queries (CQs) and Union of Conjunctive Queries (UCQs). We also study circuit representations of query answers, and their applications to enumeration tasks: both in the Boolean setting (for MSO) and the multivalued setting (for CQs and UCQs).
What Goes Around Comes Around... And Around...
Authors: Stonebraker Michael , Pavlo Andrew
Published: July 2024

Two decades ago, one of us co-authored a paper commenting on the previous 40 years of data modelling research and development [188]. That paper demonstrated that the relational model (RM) and SQL are the prevailing choice for database management systems (DBMSs), despite efforts to replace either them. Instead, SQL absorbed the best ideas from these alternative approaches.

We revisit this issue and argue that this same evolution has continued since 2005. Once again there have been repeated efforts to replace either SQL or the RM. But the RM continues to be the dominant data model and SQL has been extended to capture the good ideas from others. As such, we expect more of the same in the future, namely the continued evolution of SQL and relational DBMSs (RDBMSs). We also discuss DBMS implementations and argue that the major advancements have been in the RM systems, primarily driven by changing hardware characteristics.
Report on the Fifth International Workshop on Health Data Management in the Era of AI (HeDAI 2023)
Authors: Kondylakis Haridimos , Stefanidis Kostas , Rao Praveen
Published: July 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have the potential to drastically improve healthcare delivery globally. However, healthcare data are diverse, complex, and very large in size. Better information management techniques are needed to deal with the volume and heterogeneity of healthcare data. Better AI techniques are needed to fully harness healthcare datasets to improve healthcare delivery and quality of care for patients. Our workshop aimed to bring together diverse group of researchers and practitioners interested in developing next-generation solutions for challenging problems in healthcare systems. A wide range of topics ranging from federated approaches for data sharing to machine learning for predictive analytics to medical question answering were discussed during the workshop.
The Future of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) Has No Batteries
Authors: Liller Jackson , Nguyen Phuc (VP)
Published: July 2024

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) hold immense potential across various fields, including precision agriculture, rescue missions, delivery services, weather monitoring, and many more. Despite this promise, the limited flight duration of current UAVs stands as a significant obstacle to their widespread adoption. Attempting to extend flight time by solar panel charging during midflight is not viable due to battery limitations and the eventual need for replacement. This article highlights exciting efforts towards the future of a UAV that survives in the air by harvesting solar energy and performing long-term missions without battery re-charging and/or replacement.
Lithium Battery Thermal-Runaway Monitoring Based on Whole-Feature Neural Networks
Authors: Liu Zhichen , Li Ying
Published: July 2024

Thermal runaway monitoring and analysis has become a serious challenge to the safety of lithium-ion battery driven electric equipment. Thermal-runaway monitoring is crucial to avoid the burning and explosion of lithium batteries. This paper proposes a new type of deep neural network, known as whole-feature neural networks (WFNN), for lithium battery thermal-runaway monitoring. The neural networks learn the thermal-runaway patterns of a lithium battery from the measured temperatures, current, and voltages. WFNN is an end-to-end model for thermal-runaway monitoring of lithium batteries. An experiment on thermal-runaway monitoring of lithium batteries was carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed WFNN. The monitoring accuracy is up to 99.48%, which is higher than those of support vector machine, kernel support vector machine, k-nearest neighbor, and fully-connected neural networks. Moreover, the computation efficiency of WFNN is high enough for real-time thermal-runaway monitoring. As a result, experimental results show that the proposed WFNN is applicable to the thermal-runaway monitoring of lithium batteries.
Silicon-Based Nanocomposite Anodes with Excellent Cycle Life for Lithium-Ion Batteries Achieved by the Synergistic Effect of Two Silicides
Authors: Domi Yasuhiro , Usui Hiroyuki , Okasaka Takumi , Nishikawa Kei , Sakaguchi Hiroki
Published: July 2024

Nanocomposite electrodes comprising LaSi2 and Si exhibit satisfactory charge–discharge cycling performances but their capacity is degraded after repeated cycles. A metallographic structure, in which the Si phase was finely dispersed in the LaSi2 matrix phase, was formed before cycling. The elastic LaSi2 relieved Si-generated stress and suppressed electrode disintegration. Contrarily, the LaSi2 phase in the metallographic structure was surrounded by the Si matrix phase after cycling. The positional relationship between the two phases was reversed, and LaSi2 could not relieve the stress. For a nanocomposite electrode containing CrSi2, which exhibits stiffness to withstand the Si-generated stress, the structural changes were suppressed after cycling, resulting in good cycling stability. Here, we considered that the addition of stiff silicides as a third phase to the LaSi2/Si composite could improve the cycle life. Thus, this study prepared nanocomposite electrodes containing elastic LaSi2, stiff MSi2 (where M = Cr, Mo, Nb, Ta, Ti, or W), and elemental Si and investigated their electrochemical performances. Reaction behaviors, such as the metallographic structure, electrode thickness, and phase transition, were also clarified. The LaSi2/NbSi2/Si electrode exhibited the best cycle life without changes in its metallographic structure owing to the synergistic effect of stiff and elastic silicides.
Communication—First-Principles Simulations of LiPF6 Decomposition in Ethylene Carbonate-Based Electrolytes
Authors: Fattebert Jean-Luc , Alzate-Vargas Lorena
Published: July 2024

We revisit a theoretical result by Okamoto (2013 Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 160, A404) who calculated the energy barrier for the decomposition of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) into LiF + PF5 when solvated in Ethylene carbonate (EC)-based electrolyte. Using different numerical techniques to discretize the Density Functional Theory (DFT) equations, and different continuum solvation models with the same dielectric constant, our results largely confirm the original calculation. However, simulations with a higher dielectric permittivity value, closer to that of EC, show a lower energy barrier. More importantly, First-Principles simulations with an explicit solvent show a substantially lower energy barrier.
Influence of Ho, Gd, La Doping on Grain-Grain Boundary Characteristics and Minimization of Leakage Current in Nickel Ferrites
Authors: Kumar Sanchit , Mondal Chaitali , Dutta Abhigyan , Sinha Ankurava
Published: July 2024

This study explores the impact of doping with Ho, Gd, and La on sol-gel-derived nickel ferrites through a comprehensive analysis using various analytical techniques. The combination of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectra analysis, impedance spectroscopy, and I-V analysis enables a detailed exploration of the structural, compositional, and electrical characteristics of the samples. Williamson-Hall plots in XRD analysis reveal crucial insights into grain and grain boundary impacts, revealing a shift in trends for doped samples indicative of tensile strain and underscores the influence of dopant ions on lattice distortion. XRF study confirms the elemental composition of the samples, validating the experimental approach. Impedance spectroscopy sheds light on conduction mechanisms and charge transfer processes, while the modulus study identifies distinct relaxation peaks corresponding to grain and grain boundary relaxation mechanisms. IV analysis demonstrates a significant reduction in leakage current with rare Earth element doping, suggesting promising applications.
Synthesis and Characterization of High Dielectric Constant Zirconia Nano-Rods for Advanced Sensors and Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Godlaveeti Sreenivasa Kumar , Tighezza Ammar M. , B Gopal Naik. , Pulimi Subramanyam , Pitcheri Rosaiah , Nagireddy Ramamanohar Reddy , Chintaparty Rajababu
Published: July 2024

This study reports the synthesis of high dielectric constant zirconia oxide (ZrO2) nanorods (NRs) via a co-precipitation method followed by calcination at 700 °C for 2 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms a mixed-phase composition of orthorhombic and monoclinic structures, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals distinct nanorods. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) verifies the elemental composition. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy indicates band gap energy of 1.9 eV, aligning better with orthorhombic zirconia. UV–vis analysis suggests oxygen vacancy defects potentially influencing the optical properties due to the nanorod morphology. Importantly, dielectric studies show a high dielectric constant of 29 at 1 MHz, which is approximately four times higher than commercially available ZrO2.
Effect of Bismuth on Physical and Spectroscopic Properties of ZnO-Li2B4O7-TbF3 Glasses
Authors: Talari Kurumurthy , K. Chandra Sekar  , Boora Srinivas  , D. Sreenivasu  , Md. Shareefuddin
Published: July 2024

The effect of Bismuth on zinc-lithium tetra borate glasses were discussed based on structural, physical, and spectroscopic properties. Glass systems of Bi2O3-ZnO-Li2B4O7-TbF3 [BZLT] were cast by melt-quench process. Transparent glasses were analysed by diffracted Roentgen X-rays. Peak free and broad nature X-ray diffraction revealed the amorphous arrangement prevailing in these glasses. Density was estimated using the Archimedes principle. Bismuth grossly affected the density of BZLT glasses by increasing its value 2.722 gm/cc [BZLT-0] to 4.6739 gm/cc [BZLT-40]. Optical absorption provides valuable information about optical band gap energy and Urbach energy and some of its derived physical quantities. The effect of bismuth is felt in decreased Eopt values [3.312 eV in BZLT-0] [2.619 eV in BZLT-40] in BZLT glasses. Bismuth altered the structure of the borate network by forming non-bridging oxygens which in turn reduced the band gap energy by large margin (ΔEopt = 0.693 eV). Fourier transform infrared spectroscpy and Raman studies revealed the presence of several triangular BO3 and tetrahedral BO4 and BiO3 units and also the existence of metal cation vibrations and supported the large deviations in the optical bandgap energies. Election paramagnetic resonance studies support the presence of Tb3+ ions and absence of Tb4+ions in BZLT glasses.
Effect of ghrelin on glucose tolerance, gut hormones, appetite, and food intake after sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Hedbäck Nora , Dichman Marie-Louise , Hindsø Morten , Dirksen Carsten , Jørgensen Nils Brun , Bojsen-Møller Kirstine Nyvold , Kristiansen Viggo B. , Rehfeld Jens F. , Hartmann Bolette , Holst Jens Juul , Svane Maria Saur , Madsbad Sten
Published: July 2024

Ghrelin’s effect on glucose tolerance and food intake following sleeve gastrectomy (SG) was evaluated. Acyl-ghrelin was infused during a mixed-meal and ad libitum meals before and 3 mo after surgery. Postprandial glucose concentrations increased during ghrelin infusions, both before and after surgery, while insulin production was inhibited. However, ad libitum meal intake did not differ during ghrelin administration compared with placebo. The decreased ghrelin concentration following SG may contribute to the glycemic control after surgery.
Water and brain function: effects of hydration status on neurostimulation with transcranial magnetic stimulation
Authors: Critzer Sam S. , Bosch Taylor J. , Fercho Kelene A. , Scholl Jamie L. , Baugh Lee A.
Published: July 2024

Hydration status can affect brain volumes and excitability, which should affect techniques dependent on electrical volume conduction, including neurostimulation/recording. We test the previously unknown effects of hydration on neurostimulation with TMS and briefly review relevant physiology of hydration. Rehydration showed lower motor threshold, shifted motor hotspot, and generally larger responses even after compensating for threshold/hotspot changes. This is important for clinical and research applications of neurostimulation/neurorecording and the many clinical disorders related to water balance.
Motor learning alters vision, but vision does not alter motor learning
Authors: Cates Alexander , Gordon Keith E.
Published: July 2024

Previous research has established how people use visual information changes with motor learning. However, the dependencies of these two processes on each other are unclear. We find that limiting the availability of visual information degrades motor performance but not motor learning. We also find that motor learning reduces the impact of limiting the availability of visual information on motor performance. Together, these results suggest that how people use visual information depends on their motor skill.
Hypoactivation of the central auditory system in listeners who are hypertolerant of background noise
Authors: Skoe Erika , Powell Sarah
Published: July 2024

Our findings strengthen the proposed mechanistic connection between background noise tolerance and auditory physiology by suggesting a link between hypertolerance and reduced central auditory gain, measured by the auditory brainstem response.
Geospatial Distributions of Stunting and Determinants among Under‐Five Children in Tigray: Using Partial Proportional Odds Model
Authors: Abebe Haftom Temesgen , Taffere Getachew Redae , Bezabih Afework Mulugeta
Published: July 2024

Background. Despite improvements globally, child stunting remains one of the serious public health problems in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the distribution and determinants of stunting among under‐five children in Tigray, Ethiopia. Materials and Methods. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted in Tigray from June to July 2019. A total of 11,004 under‐five children were included in this study with a stratified two‐stage random sampling. The geospatial distribution of stunting among under‐five children was determined using GIS and SATSCAN software. A partial proportional odds model was fitted to assess the risk of the child’s nutritional status, and an odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to assess the strength of the association of the independent variables and the child’s nutritional status. Results. The average age of the children was 26.0 (SD = 14.0) months. The overall prevalence of stunting was found to be 41.0%. Western, Southern, South Eastern, Eastern, and Central zones experience a high proportion of stunting. Children having mothers who did not plan their last pregnancy (AOR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.819–0.995), living in rural areas, and children being male (AOR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.226–1.433) were more likely to be stunted. The estimated odds of stunting increased significantly with child’s age but decreased with the mother’s age. Children having mothers with primary and secondary education were 13% (AOR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.787–0.969) and 12% (AOR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.777–0.998) less likely to be severely stunted than children having mothers with no education. Likewise, children having fathers with secondary and college or above education had 0.76 (AOR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.672–0.858) and 0.62 (AOR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.517–0.736) times lower risk of having severely stunting compared with the children having fathers with no education. Conclusion. The prevalence of stunting in 6–59‐month‐old children from Tigray was unacceptably high. Potential factors associated with child stunting were parental educational level, child sex, child age, maternal age, place of residence, and zone. Thus, improving parental education and avoidance of early marriage are recommended in order to reduce the prevalence of stunting. Moreover, place and zone‐specific interventions should be also introduced to tackle differences in the burden of stunting among children aged 6–59 months from Tigray.
Novel Pathogenic Variants in POLR3K Cause POLR3‐Related Leukodystrophy
Authors: Perrier Stefanie , Macintosh Julia , Misiaszek Agata D. , Lambert Gabrielle , Guerrero Kether , Tran Luan T. , Müller Christoph W. , Pastinen Tomi , Maegawa Gustavo H. B. , Thiffault Isabelle , Bernard Geneviève
Published: July 2024

POLR3‐related hypomyelinating leukodystrophy (POLR3‐HLD) is a rare inherited neurological disorder caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in specific genes encoding subunits of RNA polymerase III (Pol III). Here, we report the third patient worldwide with pathogenic variants in POLR3K and clinical features consistent with POLR3‐HLD. The female patient presented with mild intellectual and behavioural disturbances in childhood, as well as growth delay, with brain MRI revealing diffuse hypomyelination and a pattern consistent with POLR3‐HLD. In adolescence, she manifested minor motor dysfunction. Next‐generation sequencing revealed a paternally inherited missense variant in POLR3K (c.322G>T; p.D108Y) and a maternally inherited large deletion, spanning approximately 17.8 kb from chr16:30,362‐48,162. The missense variant is located at the C‐terminus position of the protein and is predicted to impair residue interactions and cause steric interference in enzyme conformational changes. The large deletion encompasses the third and last exon of POLR3K, leading to a likely amorphic truncated protein product lacking the final 42 amino acids from the total 108 amino acid–length protein. Studies of RNA‐level expression showed a significant reduction in the levels of POLR3K RNA in the patient compared to the control. In considering whether the transcriptional function of Pol III was affected, the expression of several Pol III‐transcribed RNAs was measured, where the levels of several distinct tRNAs were significantly reduced in the patient while the expression of other RNA transcripts was not decreased, suggesting that Pol III retains partial function. This study provides further evidence for the association of pathogenic variants in POLR3K with POLR3‐HLD, expanding the spectrum of pathogenic variants in genes encoding for Pol III subunits associated with this disease.
A DXd/TLR7-Agonist Dual-Conjugate Anti-HER2 ADC Exerts Robust Antitumor Activity Through Tumor Cell Killing and Immune Activation
Authors: Yue Hangtian , Xu Hui , Ma Lanping , Li Xiyuan , Yang Biyu , Wang Xiyuan , Zeng Qingzhong , Li Han , Zhang Deqiang , Geng Meiyu , Meng Tao , Xie Zuoquan
Published: July 2024

The emergence of trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd), a new-generation antibody–drug conjugate (ADC), has profoundly altered the therapeutic paradigm for HER2-positive solid tumors, demonstrating remarkable clinical benefits. However, the combined outcomes of T-DXd with immunotherapy agents remain ambiguous. In this study, we introduce Tras-DXd-MTL1, an innovative HER2 targeting ADC that integrates the topoisomerase inhibitor DXd and a toll like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist MTT5, linked to trastuzumab via a GGFG tetrapeptide linker. Mechanistically, Tras-DXd-MTL1 retains the DNA-damaging and cell-killing properties of topoisomerase inhibitors while simultaneously enhancing the immune response within the tumor microenvironment. This is achieved by promoting immune cell infiltration and activating dendritic cells and CD8+T cells via MTT5. In vivo evaluation of Tras-DXd-MTL1’s antitumor potency revealed a notably superior performance compared with the T-DXd (Tras-DXd) or Tras-MTL1 in immunocompetent mice with trastuzumab-resistant EMT6-HER2 tumor and immunodeficient mice with JIMT-1 tumor. This improved efficacy is primarily attributed to its dual functions of immune stimulation and cytotoxicity. Our findings highlight the potential of incorporating immunostimulatory agents into ADC design to potentiate antitumor effects and establish durable immune memory, thereby reducing tumor recurrence risks. Therefore, our study offers a novel strategy for the design of immune-activating ADCs and provides a potential approach for targeting solid tumors with different levels of HER2 expression.
Ruthenium Drug BOLD-100 Regulates BRAFMT Colorectal Cancer Cell Apoptosis through AhR/ROS/ATR Signaling Axis Modulation
Authors: Griffin Daryl , Carson Robbie , Moss Debbie , Sessler Tamas , Lavin Deborah , Tiwari Vijay K. , Karelia Shivaali , Kennedy Richard , Savage Kienan I. , McDade Simon , Carie Adam , Pankovich Jim , Bazett Mark , Van Schaeybroeck Sandra
Published: July 2024

Patients with class I V600EBRAF-mutant (MT) colorectal cancer exhibit a poor prognosis, and their response to combined anti-BRAF/EGFR inhibition remains limited. An unmet need exits for further understanding the biology of V600EBRAFMT colorectal cancer. We used differential gene expression of BRAFWT and MT colorectal cancer cells to identify pathways underpinning BRAFMT colorectal cancer. We tested a panel of molecularly/genetically subtyped colorectal cancer cells for their sensitivity to the unfolded protein response (UPR) activator BOLD-100. To identify novel combination strategies for BOLD-100, we performed RNA sequencing and high-throughput drug screening. Pathway enrichment analysis identified significant enrichment of the UPR and DNA repair pathways in BRAFMT colorectal cancer. We found that oncogenic BRAF plays a crucial role in mediating the response to BOLD-100. Using a systems biology approach, we identified V600EBRAFMT-dependent activation of the replication stress response kinase ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) as a key mediator of resistance to BOLD-100. Further analysis identified acute increases in BRAFMT-dependent-reactive oxygen species levels following treatment with BOLD-100, which promoted ATR/CHK1 activation and apoptosis. Furthermore, activation of reactive oxygen species/ATR/CHK1 following BOLD-100 was mediated through the AhR transcription factor and CYP1A1. Importantly, pharmacological blockade of this resistance pathway with ATR inhibitors synergistically increased BOLD-100-induced apoptosis and growth inhibition in BRAFMT models. These results highlight a possible novel therapeutic opportunity for BRAFMT colorectal cancer.

Implications: BOLD-100 induces BRAFMT-dependent replication stress, and targeted strategies against replication stress (e.g., by using ATR inhibitors) in combination with BOLD-100 may serve as a potential novel therapeutic strategy for clinically aggressive BRAFMT colorectal cancer.
Supplementary Table S2 from Randomized Placebo-Controlled, Biomarker-Stratified Phase Ib Microbiome Modulation in Melanoma: Impact of Antibiotic Preconditioning on Microbiome and Immunity
Authors: Glitza Isabella C. , Seo Yongwoo David , Spencer Christine N. , Wortman Jennifer R. , Burton Elizabeth M. , Alayli Farah A. , Loo Christopher P. , Gautam Shikha , Damania Ashish , Densmore Julie , Fairchild Justin , Cabanski Christopher R. , Wong Matthew C. , Peterson Christine B. , Weiner Brian , Hicks Nathan , Aunins John , McChalicher Christopher , Walsh Emily , Tetzlaff Michael T. , Hamid Omid , Ott Patrick A. , Boland Genevieve M. , Sullivan Ryan J. , Grossmann Kenneth F. , Ajami Nadim J. , LaVallee Theresa , Henn Matthew R. , Tawbi Hussein A. , Wargo Jennifer A.
Published: July 2024

Patient characteristics by baseline Ruminococcaceae status
Supplementary Table S2 from Efficacy and Safety of Adagrasib plus Cetuximab in Patients with KRASG12C-Mutated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yaeger Rona , Uboha Nataliya V. , Pelster Meredith S. , Bekaii-Saab Tanios S. , Barve Minal , Saltzman Joel , Sabari Joshua K. , Peguero Julio A. , Paulson Andrew Scott , Jänne Pasi A. , Cruz-Correa Marcia , Anderes Kenna , Velastegui Karen , Yan Xiaohong , Der-Torossian Hirak , Klempner Samuel J. , Kopetz Scott E.
Published: July 2024

Table S2. Demographics and baseline characteristics of patients with KRASG12C-mutated unresectable or metastatic CRC receiving adagrasib monotherapy.
Supplementary Table 6 from The Pan-RAF–MEK Nondegrading Molecular Glue NST-628 Is a Potent and Brain-Penetrant Inhibitor of the RAS–MAPK Pathway with Activity across Diverse RAS- and RAF-Driven Cancers
Authors: Ryan Meagan B. , Quade Bradley , Schenk Natasha , Fang Zhong , Zingg Marshall , Cohen Steven E. , Swalm Brooke M. , Li Chun , Özen Ayşegül , Ye Chaoyang , Ritorto Maria Stella , Huang Xin , Dar Arvin C. , Han Yongxin , Hoeflich Klaus P. , Hale Michael , Hagel Margit
Published: July 2024

OMNI screen panel data with NST-628
Figure 6 from Inhibition of Notch4 Using Novel Neutralizing Antibodies Reduces Tumor Growth in Murine Cancer Models by Targeting the Tumor Endothelium
Authors: Eng Jason W.-L. , Kato Yu , Adachi Yusuke , Swaminathan Bhairavi , Naiche L.A. , Vadakath Rahul , Sakamoto Yoshimasa , Nakazawa Youya , Tachino Sho , Ito Ken , Abe Takanori , Minoshima Yukinori , Hoshino-Negishi Kana , Ogasawara Hideaki , Kawakatsu Tomomi , Nishimura Miyuki , Katayama Masahiko , Shimizu Masashi , Tahara Kazuhiro , Sato Toshitaka , Suzuki Katsuhisa , Agarwala Kishan , Iwata Masao , Nomoto Kenichi , Ozawa Yoichi , Imai Toshio , Funahashi Yasuhiro , Matsui Junji , Kitajewski Jan
Published: July 2024

Anti-Notch4 treatment alters vessel perfusion and angiogenesis. A and B, Assessment of vessel coverage area by CD31+ staining in A, B16F10 melanoma treated for 4 days with two doses (days 1 and 3) of 6-3-A6 (n = 3) and B, Py8119 tumors treated for 10 days with four doses (days 1, 3, 6, and 9) of 6-3-A6 (n = 6). Right, Representative images; left, quantification of colocalization. (Scale bar = 100 μm). C and D, Assessment of tumor perfusion in syngeneic C, B16F10 melanoma (n = 3) and D, Py8119 tumors (n = 6) using intravenously injected fluorescent tomato lectin–Alex Fluor 488. Right, Representative images costained with CD31 (red); left, quantification of colocalization. (Scale bar = 100 μm). E and F, IF staining of E, CD31+ tumor vessels in orthotopically implanted Py8119 tumors treated for 4 weeks with E7011 (n = 4), and F, vessel perfusion by fluorescent tomato lectin–Alexa Fluor 647 labeling with CD31 in Py8119 tumors treated for an extended duration (n = 5). Right, Representative images; left, quantification of the staining or colocalization. (Scale bar = 200 μm). Statistical analysis by the t test, plotted as average ± SEM; *, P < 0.05.
The color features and k-nearest neighbor algorithm for classifying betel leaf image
Authors: Hamdani Hamdani , Septiarini Anindita , Puspitasari Novianti , Tejawati Andi , Alameka Faza
Published: July 2024

Piper betle L. (betel) is a species that belongs to the genus Piper and is a type of medicinal plant that is quite well known to the general population. The varieties of the leaf color may distinguish are red, green, and black betel. However, consumers still need assistance determining the differences between the many types of betel leaf. Therefore, using image processing techniques, this research contributes to building a classification method for distinguishing betel leaves based on color attributes. This approach anoints for the region of interest detection, feature extraction, and classification. In addition, three different classifiers, naïve Bayes, support vector machine, and k-nearest neighbors (k-NN), were used during the classification process. The evaluation for this study used a percentage split to divide a total of 180 images between the training and testing phases. The method’s performance provided the highest accuracy value possible, 100%, by utilizing the color characteristics with the k-NN classifier.
Wireless sensor networks protocols, applications, and network-on-chip communications
Authors: Ompal Ompal , Kumar Niraj , Mishra Vishnu Mohan , Kumar Adesh
Published: July 2024

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a network consisting of self-governing sensors that are deployed in space and communicate with each other using wireless technology to monitor physical or environmental variables. These networks generally include compact, inexpensive sensor nodes equipped with sensing, processing, and communication functionalities. WSNs are specifically engineered to gather data from their immediate environment, do local data processing, and subsequently communicate pertinent information either to a central hub or to other interconnected nodes within the network. Continuous research in the domain of WSNs is devoted to advancing security concerns, developing novel sensing technologies, and optimizing communication protocols. The advancements in these domains enhance the ongoing development and efficiency of WSNs. The WSNs are very important for getting information from the real world in many situations. WSNs are flexible tools for keeping an eye on and controlling different environments because they have sensor nodes, wireless communication, and distributed processing. WSNs use network-on-chip (NoC) communication architecture to connect sensor nodes. The article explains the introduction to WSN, the background of wireless communication, motivation, ZigBee protocol, and WSN applications.
Switching regulator based on an adaptive DC-DC buck converter for a lithium-ion battery charging interface
Authors: Rahali Ahmed , El Khadiri Karim , Qjidaa Hassan , Tahiri Ahmed
Published: July 2024

A switching regulator based on an adaptive DC-DC buck converter for a Li-ion battery charging interface is introduced in this paper with the aim of improving the efficiency of charging the Li-ion battery during the whole charging process. By using the battery voltage as feedback, an adaptive reference is generated. This reference is employed by the converter, which is in continuous conduction mode (CCM), to produce a wide adaptive output voltage that closely tracks the battery voltage, intended to serve as the power source for the multimode charging interface. The converter was implemented in a 180 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process and simulated using the Cadence Virtuoso tool. With an input voltage of 5 V and a switching frequency selected at 500 kHz, the simulation results show that the converter produces different charging currents for each battery charging mode, and an adaptive output voltage ranging from 2.8 V to 4.38 V, with the current ripple of 38 mA in CC mode and voltage ripple factor less than 1% in constant voltage (CV) mode. The average converter efficiency is 83.5%.
Cardiovascular Disease, Genetic Susceptibility, and Risk of Psychiatric Disorders and Suicide Attempt: A Community‐Based Matched Cohort Study Based on the UK Biobank
Authors: Yang Jie , Zeng Yu , Yang Huazhen , Qu Yuanyuan , Han Xin , Chen Wenwen , Sun Yajing , Hu Yao , Ying Zhiye , Liu Di , Song Huan
Published: July 2024

Background

The associations between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and multiple psychiatric disorders and suicide attempt, and whether different genetic susceptibilities affect such links, have not been investigated clearly.

Methods and Results

Based on the UK Biobank, we conducted a matched cohort study involving 63 923 patients who were first hospitalized with a CVD diagnosis between 1997 and 2020, and their 127 845 matched unexposed individuals. Cox models were used to examine the subsequent risk of psychiatric disorders and suicide attempt (ie, anxiety, depression, stress‐related disorder, substance misuse, psychotic disorder, and suicide behaviors) following CVD. We further performed stratified analyses by polygenic risk score for each studied psychiatric condition to detect the possible effects of genetic susceptibility on the observed associations. We found an increased risk of any psychiatric disorders and suicide attempt among CVD patients, compared with matched unexposed individuals, particularly within 1 year following the CVD (fully adjusted hazard ratio [HR] within 1 year, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.58–2.12]; HR after 1 year, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.16–1.32]). By subtype, the risk elevations existed for any psychiatric disorders and suicide attempt following most categories of CVDs. Analyses stratified by polygenic risk score revealed little impact of genetic predisposition to studied psychiatric conditions on these observed links.

Conclusions

Patients hospitalized for CVD were at increased subsequent risk of multiple types of psychiatric disorders and suicide attempt, especially in the first year after hospitalization, irrespective of their genetic susceptibilities to studied psychiatric conditions, and these findings underscore the necessity of developing timely psychological interventions for this vulnerable population.
Prognostic Implications of Resistive Reserve Ratio in Patients With Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease With Myocardial Bridging
Authors: Mahmoudi Hamidabad Negin , Kanaji Yoshihisa , Ozcan Ilke , Sara Jaskanwal Deep Singh , Ahmad Ali , Lerman Lilach O. , Lerman Amir
Published: July 2024

Background

Myocardial bridging (MB) is accompanied by the dynamic extravascular compression of epicardial coronary arteries, leading to intracoronary hemodynamic disturbance with abnormal coronary flow profiles. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic implications of resistive reserve ratio (RRR), a composite measure of flow and pressure parameters that represents the vasodilatory capacity of the coronary arteries, in patients with angina with nonobstructive coronary artery disease (ANOCA) and MB, in comparison with coronary flow reserve (CFR).

Methods and Results

In this retrospective cohort study, we included patients with ANOCA who underwent coronary reactivity testing, where MB was identified by transient constriction in coronary artery segments between systole and diastole. Abnormal CFR and RRR were defined as <2.5 and <2.62, respectively. Major adverse cardiac events, including cardiovascular death, stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and late revascularization, served as outcomes. Among 1251 patients with ANOCA, 191 (15.3%) had MB. The prevalence of abnormal CFR or RRR was not significantly different between patients with and without MB (
P
=0.144 and
P
=0.398, respectively). Over a median follow‐up time of 6.9 years, abnormal RRR predicted major adverse cardiac events in patients with MB (hazard ratio [HR], 4.38 [95% CI, 1.71–11.21];
P
=0.002) and without MB (HR, 1.91 [95% CI, 1.38–2.64];
P
<0.001). Abnormal CFR predicted major adverse cardiac events in patients without MB (HR, 2.15 [95% CI, 1.54–3.00];
P
<0.001), whereas it was not predictive of major adverse cardiac events in patients with MB (HR, 2.29 [95% CI, 0.93–5.65];
P
=0.073).

Conclusions

In patients with ANOCA and MB, impaired RRR was superior to impaired CFR in distinguishing patients at a higher risk of future adverse events, suggesting that RRR may serve as a risk stratification tool in patients with MB and ANOCA.
Sex Differences and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Myocardial Infarction With Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ang Song P. , Chia Jia E. , Krittanawong Chayakrit , Lee Kwan , Iglesias Jose , Misra Kanchan , Mukherjee Debabrata
Published: July 2024

Background

Although myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is more common in women, it is unknown whether sex is a risk factor for adverse outcomes in patients with MINOCA. We aimed to investigate the relationship between sex differences and outcomes of patients with MINOCA.

Methods and Results

A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases from their inception until August 2023 for relevant studies. End points were pooled using the Hartung–Knapp–Sidik–Jonkman random‐effects model as odds ratio (OR) with 95% CIs. Nine studies, involving 30 281 patients with MINOCA (comprising 18 079 women and 12 202 men), were included in the study. Women were older and had a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and stroke compared with men. The median duration of follow‐up was 3.5 years, with an interquartile range of 2.2 to 4.2 years. Pooled analysis revealed no statistically significant difference in the risk of all‐cause mortality (OR, 1.03 [95% CI, 0.87–1.22]), major adverse cardiovascular events (OR, 1.18 [95% CI, 0.89–1.58]), heart failure (OR, 1.32 [95% CI, 0.57–3.03]), stroke (OR, 1.13 [95% CI, 0.56–2.26]), and myocardial infarction (OR, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.29–3.76]) between the 2 groups. Regarding short‐term outcomes, women had a significantly higher risk of in‐hospital major adverse cardiovascular events compared with men (OR, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.16–1.53]) whereas there was no significant difference in the risk of in‐hospital mortality (OR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.64–1.28]) between the 2 patient groups.

Conclusions

Despite the differences in demographics and comorbidity profiles, there was no significant difference in the long‐term outcomes for patients with MINOCA between sexes. However, it is noteworthy that women experienced a higher risk of in‐hospital major adverse cardiovascular events compared with men.
Plasma Polyamines and Short‐Term Adverse Outcomes Among Patients With Ischemic Stroke: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yang Pinni , Shi Mengyao , Jia Yiming , Zhong Chongke , Peng Hao , Sun Lulu , Guo Daoxia , Chen Jing , Wang Aili , Xu Tan , Zhu Zhengbao , Zhang Yonghong , He Jiang
Published: July 2024

Background

Polyamines have been reported to be associated with neurological function, but the associations between polyamines and the prognosis of ischemic stroke remain unclear. We aimed to prospectively investigate whether elevated plasma polyamine levels are associated with adverse outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke.

Methods and Results

Plasma polyamine levels were measured at admission in 3570 patients with acute ischemic stroke, and clinical outcomes were assessed at 3 months after stroke onset. The primary outcome was a composite outcome of death and major disability (modified Rankin Scale score≥3), and secondary outcomes included the individual outcomes of death and major disability. During a 3‐month follow‐up period, 877 participants (25.1%) experienced the primary outcome. Increased putrescines were associated with a decreased risk of the primary outcome (the highest versus the lowest tertile: odds ratio, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.58–0.91];
P
=0.005) and major disability (odds ratio, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.47–0.74];
P
<0.001). Conversely, increased spermidines were associated with an increased risk of death (hazard ratio, 1.86 [95% CI, 1.10–3.14];
P
=0.020), and increased spermines were associated with an increased risk of the primary outcome (odds ratio, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.08–1.71];
P
=0.009) and major disability (odds ratio, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.01–1.59];
P
=0.041).

Conclusions

Among patients with ischemic stroke, high plasma putrescine levels were associated with a decreased risk of adverse outcomes, whereas high plasma spermidine and spermine levels were associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes. Further studies are needed to investigate whether targeting these polyamines can improve the prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke.

Registration

https://clinicaltrials.gov
. Identifier: NCT01840072.