bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Repurposing a Fully-Reducing Polyketide Synthase for 2-Methyl Guerbet-like Lipid Production
Authors: Herrera Michael Andrés , McColm Stephen , Craigie Louise-Marie , Simpson Joanna , Brown Fraser , Clarke David , Carr Reuben , Campopiano Dominic
Published: June 2024

In Nature, thousands of diverse and bioactive polyketides are assembled by a family of multifunctional, “assembly line” enzyme complexes called Polyketide Synthases (PKS). Since the late 20th century, there have been several attempts to decode, re-arrange and “re-programme” the PKS assembly line to generate valuable materials such as biofuels and platform chemicals. By mastering the biosynthetic logic underpinning PKSs, there exists the potential to develop these enzymes into scalable biocatalysts for sustainable chemical production. Here, the first module from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt) PKS12 – an unorthodox, “modularly-iterative” PKS – was modified and repurposed towards the production of 2-methyl Guerbet lipids, which have wide applications in industry. We established a robust method for the recombinant expression and purification of this modified module (named [M1*]), and we demonstrated its synthetic utility in generating several 2-methyl Guerbet-like lipids (C13-C21). Furthermore, we studied and applied the promiscuous thioesterase (TE) activity of a neighbouring β-ketoacyl synthase (KS) to release [M1*]-bound condensation products in a one-pot biosynthetic cascade. Finally, by coupling the E. coli fatty acyl-CoA synthetase FadD to [M1*], we could generate our primary target compound – 2-methyltetradecanoic acid – from lauric acid, highlighting the potential to derive valuable lipids from inexpensive fatty acids. This work demonstrates the biosynthetic potential of [M1*] in generating industrially-useful Guerbet-like chemicals, whilst also contributing to the broader exploration and application of PKS modules for sustainable chemical manufacturing.
Indole Nucleophile Triggers Mechanistic Divergence in Ni-Photoredox N–Arylation
Authors: Liang Kevin , Taylor Olivia , Lopez Angie , Woo Russell , Bahamonde Ana
Published: June 2024

This study presents a Ni-photoredox method for indole N-arylation, broadening the range of substrates to include indoles with unprotected C3-positions and base-sensitive groups. Through detailed mechanistic inquiries, a Ni(I/III) mechanism was uncovered, distinct from those commonly proposed for Ni-catalyzed amine, thiol, and alcohol arylation, as well as from the Ni(0/II/III) cycle identified for amide arylation under almost identical conditions. The key finding is the formation of a Ni(I) intermediate bearing the indole nucleophile as a ligand prior to oxidative addition, which is rare for Ni-photoredox carbon-heteroatom coupling and has a profound impact on the reaction kinetics and scope. The pre-coordination of indole renders a more electron-rich Ni(I) intermediate, which broadens the scope by enabling fast reactivity even with challenging electron-rich aryl bromide substrates. Thus, this work highlights the often-overlooked influence of X-type ligands on Ni oxidative addition rates and illustrates yet another mechanistic divergence in Ni-photoredox C–heteroatom couplings.
Improved sensitivity in a modified Berkeley Red Sensor of Transmembrane potential
Authors: Navarro Marisol X. , Gerstner Nels C. , Lipman Soren M. , Dolgonos Gabby E. , Miller Evan W.
Published: June 2024

Voltage imaging is an important complement to traditional methods for probing cellular physiology, like electrode-based patch clamp techniques. Unlike the related Ca2+ imaging, voltage imaging provides a direct visualization of bioelectricity changes. We have been exploring the use of sulfonated silicon rhodamine dyes (Berkeley Red Sensor of Transmembrane potential, or BeRST) for voltage imaging. In this study, we explore the effect of converting BeRST to diEt BeRST, by replacing the dimethyl aniline of BeRST with a diethyl aniline group. The new VF dye, diEt BeRST, has a voltage sensitivity of 40% ΔF/F per 100 mV, a 33% increase compared to the original BeRST dye, which has a sensitivity of 30% ΔF/F per 100 mV. In neurons, the cellular brightness of diEt BeRST is about 20% as bright as BeRST, which may be due to the lower solubility of diEt BeRST (300 μM) compared to BeRST (800 μM). Despite this lower cellular brightness, diEt BeRST is able to record spontaneous and evoked action potentials from multiple neurons, simultaneously, and in single trials. Far-red excitation and emission profiles enable diEt BeRST to be used alongside existing fluorescent indicators of cellular physiology, like Ca2+-sensitive Oregon Green BAPTA (OGB). In hippocampal neurons, simultaneous voltage and Ca2+ imaging reveals neuronal spiking patterns and frequencies that cannot be resolved with traditional Ca2+ imaging methods. This study represents a first step towards describing the structural features that define voltage sensitivity and brightness in silicon rhodamine-based BeRST indicators.
Large Mid-Infrared SHG Activities in Eu(II)-Based Quaternary Chalcogenides
Authors: Jana Subhendu , Gabilondo Eric , Zhang Yujie , Halasyamani P. Shiv , Maggard Paul
Published: June 2024

Complex metal-chalcogenides have received growing attention for second-harmonic generation (SHG) activity arising from their noncentrosymmetric structures. In this area, the impact of the Eu(II)-cation on their structures and optical properties has not been well explored. Synthetic investigations of the Eu-Ag-IV-Ch (IV = Sn or Ge; Ch = S or Se) systems have unveiled four rare examples of Eu(II)-based quaternary chalcogenides exhibiting very large mid-IR SHG responses within the chemically-rich systems II-I2-IV-Ch4 and II3-I2-IV2-Ch8 (Ch = S or Se; I, II, and IV = monovalent, divalent and tetravalent cations, respectively). Their structures were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) methods to crystallize in noncentrosymmetric space groups, I\bar{4}2m for EuAg2GeS4 (I) and I\bar{4}3d for Eu3Ag2Ge2Se8 (II) Eu3Ag2Sn2Se8 (III) and Eu3Ag2Sn2S8 (IV). The structures consist of body-centered arrangements of (Ge/Sn)Ch4 tetrahedra that are fully oriented and bridged by flattened AgCh4 tetrahedra into 3D networks and charge-balanced by Eu(II) cations. Their crystalline powders exhibit mid-IR (2.09 µm) SHG responses among the largest reported to date, ranging from a large ~1.9 × AGS (AgGaS2) for I, to remarkably high activities of ~30 for III, ~70 for II, and ~100 for IV × AGS. Spin-polarized band structure calculations showed the valence and conduction band edge states stem from interactions of the Ag-to-S/Se and Ge/Sn-to-S/Se based states, respectively, with increasing contributions of the Eu(II) 4f7-based in the order of I < III < II < IV. Most interestingly, this trend strongly correlates with the SHG activity, suggesting a potential new strategy for understanding and attaining cutting-edge SHG properties within Eu(II)-based chalcogenides. Thus, these results unveil a deeper understanding of structure-optoelectronic/SHG property relationships.
Large Language Models are Catalyzing Chemistry Education
Authors: Du Yuanqi , Duan Chenru , Bran Andres , Sotnikova Anna , Qu Yi , Kulik Heather , Bosselut Antoine , Xu Jinjia , Schwaller Philippe
Published: June 2024

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated outstanding capabilities in general problem-solving and been shown to improve productivity in certain domains. Thanks to their flexibility, recent work has leveraged them for diverse scientific applications, ranging from predictive modeling, scientific Q&A, and even as autonomous agents towards automation in chemistry. The democratization of high-quality chemistry education faces several challenges, including heterogeneity among sub-fields, limited access to personalized guidance, and an uneven distribution of resources. Additionally, hands-on laboratory experiments, a crucial component of chemistry education, are difficult to scale due to inherent safety risks that necessitate close supervision. We propose that LLMs can help overcome these obstacles by providing scalable solutions that tailor educational content to individual needs, enhancing the overall learning experience. In this perspective, we discuss how LLMs can catalyze chemistry education across multiple dimensions, from preparing and delivering lectures and tackling guidance in both wet lab and computational experiments, to re-thinking evaluation methodologies in the classroom. We also discuss some potential risks of this technology, such as the possibility of generating inaccurate or biased content, and emphasize the need for further development to ensure the successful integration of LLMs in the chemistry classroom.
Discovery of Crystallizable Organic Semiconductors with Machine Learning
Authors: Johnson Holly M. , Gusev Filipp , Dull Jordan T. , Seo Yejoon , Priestley Rodney D. , Isayev Olexandr , Rand Barry P.
Published: June 2024

Crystalline organic semiconductors are known to have improved charge carrier mobility and exciton diffusion length in comparison to their amorphous counterparts. Certain organic molecular thin films can be transitioned from initially prepared amorphous layers to large-scale crystalline films via abrupt thermal annealing. Ideally, these films crystallize as platelets with long-range-ordered domains on the scale of tens to hundreds of microns. However, other organic molecular thin films may instead crystallize as spherulites or resist crystallization entirely. Organic molecules that have the capability of transforming into a platelet morphology feature both high melting point (Tm) and crystallization driving force (ΔGc). In this work, we employed machine learning (ML) to identify candidate organic materials with the potential to crystallize into platelets by estimating the aforementioned thermal properties. Six organic molecules identified by the ML algorithm were experimentally evaluated; three crystallized as platelets, one crystallized as a spherulite, and two resisted thin film crystallization. These results demonstrate a successful application of ML in the scope of predicting thermal properties of organic molecules and reinforce the principles of Tm and ΔGc as metrics that govern the crystallization of organic thin films.
Peptide Macrocyclization via Cu-catalyzed 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides
Authors: Adrio Francisco Javier , Rodriguez Nuria , Carretero Juan Carlos , Alonso Inés , Gallent Enrique
Published: June 2024

Cyclic peptides are highly valued synthetic targets in organic and medicinal chemistry. The development of new synthetic methodologies for peptide macrocyclization, different from classical lactamization, is essential for the progress of the field. Herein, we report an efficient diastereoselective macrocyclization strategy for the synthesis of cyclic peptides using 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides. Linear precursors of different length and bearing diverse amino acids have shown to be compatible with this method (26 examples), giving good yields and almost complete diastereoselectivity. The DFT calculations suggest a stepwise mechanism in which Cu plays a key role in reagents preorganization.
From Data to Chemistry: Revealing Causality and Reaction Coordinates through Interpretable Machine Learning in Supramolecular Transition Metal Catalysis
Authors: Talmazan Radu A. , Gamper Jakob , Castillo Ivan , Hofer Thomas S. , Podewitz Maren
Published: June 2024

Supramolecular transition metal catalysts with tailored reaction environments allow for the usage of abundant 3d metals as catalytic centres, leading to more sustainable chemical processes. However, such catalysts are large and flexible systems with intricate interactions, resulting in complex reaction coordinates. To capture their dynamic nature, we developed a broadly applicable, high-throughput workflow, leveraging quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) molecular dynamics in explicit solvent, to investigate a Cu(I)-calix[8]arene catalysed C-N coupling reaction. The system complexity and high amount of data generated from sampling the reaction require automated analyses. To identify and quantify the reaction coordinate from noisy simulation trajectories, we applied interpretable machine learning techniques (Lasso, Random Forest, Logistic Regression) in a consensus model, alongside dimensionality reduction methods (PCA, LDA, tICA). Leveraging a Granger Causality model, we go beyond the traditional view of a reaction coordinate, by defining it as a sequence of molecular motions that led up to the reaction.
Electroinduced Reductive and Dearomative Alkene-Aldehyde Coupling
Authors: Franov Liam , Wilsdon Tayla , Czyz Milena , Polyzos Anastasios
Published: June 2024

The direct coupling of alkene feedstocks with aldehydes represents an expedient approach to the generation of new and structurally diverse C(sp3)-hybridized alcohols that are primed for elaborated into privileged architectures. Despite their abundance, current disconnection strategies enabling the direct coupling of carbon-carbon π-bonds and aldehydes remain challenging because contemporary methods are often limited by substrate or functional group tolerance, and compatibility in complex molecular environments. Here, we report a coupling between simple alkenes, heteroarenes and unactivated aliphatic aldehydes via an electrochemically induced reductive activation of C–C π bonds. The cornerstone of this approach is the discovery of a rapid alternating polarity (rAP) electrolysis to access and direct, highly reactive radical anion intermediates derived from conjugated alkenes and heterocyclic compounds. Our developed catalyst-free protocol enables direct access to new, and structurally diverse C(sp3)-hybridized alcohol products. This is achieved by the controlled reduction of conjugated alkenes and the C2–C3 π-bond in heteroarenes via an unprecedented reductive dearomative functionalization for heterocyclic compounds. Experimental mechanistic studies demonstrate that rAP electrolysis is necessary for the controlled generation of radical anion intermediates and promotes a kinetically biased single-electron reduction of the C–C π-bonds over aldehydes. Overall, this technology provides a versatile approach to the reductive coupling of olefin and heterocycle feedstocks with aliphatic aldehydes, offering straightforward access to diverse C(sp3)-rich oxygenated scaffolds.
Global Aromaticity in Neutral Porphyrin Nanobelts
Authors: Vitek Marco , Deng Jie-Ren , Anderson Harry L. , Rončević Igor
Published: June 2024

The ability of a ring-shaped molecule to sustain a global ring current, when placed in a magnetic field, indicates that its electronic wavefunction is coherently delocalized around its whole circumference. Large molecules that display this behavior are attractive components for molecular electronic devices because it should be possible to control charge transport through them using quantum interference. Here, we use theoretical methods to investigate how the global ring currents in molecular nanobelts, built from edge-fused porphyrins, evolve with increasing ring size. Our predictions were validated by using coupled clusters to construct a density functional approximation (denoted OX-B3LYP) that accurately describes these nanobelts, and by checking compliance with Koopman’s theorem. The results indicate that a global ring current persists in neutral belts consisting of up to 22 porphyrin units, with Hückel circuits of 220 electrons (circumference 18.6 nm). Global ring currents have not previously been reported in such large neutral macrocycles.
PTSD Symptoms and Quality of Life in COVID-19 Survivors: The Mediating Effect of Resilience
Authors: Widyorini Endang , Utami Margaretha Sih Setija , Wijaya Daniswara Augusta , Trisnadewi Benedicta Audrey Putri , Heryanto Josephine Ferren
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Quality of life (QoL) is a concept which aims to capture the well-being, whether of a population or individual, regarding both positive and negative elements within the entirety of their existence at a specific point in time. Many studies have found that PTSD symptoms can worsen the quality of life of COVID-19 survivors, and a high level of resilience can indicate a good quality of life for COVID-19, because a high level of resilience makes people able to rise from their worst condition. This study aimed to explain the mediating effect of resilience on the relationship between PTSD symptoms and the COVID-19 survivors’ quality of life. This study used a quantitative method, and 133 participants (mean age: 26.738; 75.2% female) were selected using a convenience sampling technique. Data analysis in this study used the IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0 program. PROCESS Macro 4.1 add-on by Hayes. Research results showed that in path a, PTSD symptoms significantly predicted resilience (β = -0.049; p = 0.001; LLCI = -0.072; ULCI = -0.020). In path b, resilience also significantly predicts quality of life (β = 2.156; p = 0.000; LLCI = 1.443; ULCI = 2.868). The direct effect of PTSD symptoms on quality of life shown in path c' is also significant (β = -0.387; p = 0.000; LLCI = -0.511; ULCI = -0.263) which gives higher results than the total effect (β = -0.493; p = 0.000; LLCI = -0.626; ULCI = -0.359). The results of the study show that PTSD symptoms had an antagonistic relationship, and resilience had a positive relationship with COVID-19 survivors’ quality of life. In addition, resilience was also found to significantly mediate the relationship between PTSD symptoms and COVID-19 survivors’ quality of life. COVID-19 survivors are advised to increase their resilience level to reduce the negative impact of PTSD symptoms on their quality of life.

Keywords: COVID-19 survivors; PTSD symptoms;  quality of  life; resilience
The Role of Celebrity Worship in the Eudaimonic Well-Being of ARMY Fandom/Fanbase Members in Indonesia
Authors: Brotokusumo Azzahra Salsabilla , Swasti Idei Khurnia
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Celebrity worship is a parasocial relationship with one or more celebrities driven by identity absorption and addiction to everything related to the celebrity. However, previous studies state that celebrity worship positively impacts the worshipers if they join the fandom. The current study aims to determine the role of celebrity worship on the eudaimonic well-being of members of the BTS-ARMY fandom in Indonesia, in a quantitative study design. Participants were 207 participants aged 18-25 years and had joined the BTS-ARMY fandom for at least one year before the study. Data was gained using online questionnaires. The result of simple linear regression shows that celebrity worship has a positive role in eudaimonic well-being (R2=0.020; p < 0.05). By linking these two variables of the BTS-ARMY members in Indonesia, the finding contributes to understanding eudaimonic well-being in celebrity worshiping as a nonpathological activity. Further research investigation is required to support this result, for example by focusing on group dynamics of fandom community.

Keywords: BTS, Celebrity Worship, Eudaimonic Well-being, fandom ARMY
Sustainable Workforce: Exploring Employee Engagement Impact on Perceived Organizational Support and Employee Retention
Authors: Sabila Zetiara Nurul , Gumelar Gumgum , Akbar Zarina
Published: June 2024

This study explores the interplay among employee engagement, perceived organizational support, and employee retention within the pharmaceutical industry. Data analysis from professionals in this sector revealed that employee engagement was a significant mediator, accounting for 33.8% of the variance in employee retention. The research underscores the pivotal role of employee engagement in shaping organizational support and retention outcomes specific to pharmaceutical companies. Prioritizing initiatives to boost employee engagement is crucial for fostering a dedicated workforce and improving organizational performance in pharmaceutical companies. These findings contribute valuable insights to enhance human resource management strategies tailored to the pharmaceutical industry, emphasizing the strategic significance of investing in employee engagement to ensure sustainable organizational success.
TMPRSS2 Polymorphism and Its Correlation with SARS-CoV-2 Susceptibility — A Secondary Publication
Authors: Awan Saleem , Siraj Anum , Khan Amber , Anwar Arifa , Naeem Kiani Muhammad , Yahya Saira
Published: June 2024

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus affected more people than SARS-CoV-1 and related coronaviruses. Human genetic factors, besides respiratory droplets and direct exposure to the virus, are found highly responsible for transmitting SARS-CoV-2 infection. Aim: The objective of this study was to determine the plasma levels of the TMPRSS2 gene and its role in SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility. Methodology: A total of 100 patients, i.e.50 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients as the case group and 50 SARS-CoV-2 negative samples as the control group, were selected randomly and included in this case-control study to determine the association between TMPRSS2 gene and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The TMPRSS2 levels of case and control samples were measured through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Following the genomic DNA extraction, a set of reverse and forward primers of human TMPRSS2 gene primers were used for the amplification of the TMPRSS2 gene. Results: In the control group, the ratio of men to women was more or less the same while in the case group 62% of the population were women. The TMPRSS2 level was found to be 4.70 ± 7.7 ng/ml in case samples while it was 4.73 ± 5.7 ng/ml in control samples. Conclusion: The levels of TMPRSS2 in plasma samples of both controls and cases were found to be the same indicating that the entry of SARS-CoV-2 is not dependent on the plasma levels of this protein.
Analysis of the Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nursing Intervention Combined with Acupoint Application in The Treatment of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Huang Qiaoyu
Published: June 2024

Objective: To study the effect of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) nursing intervention combined with acupoint patch in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: A total of 60 patients with acute exacerbation of COPD admitted between September 2022 and September 2023 were selected and randomly grouped into a control group (conventional care and treatment) and an observation group (joint interventions: traditional Chinese medicine nursing interventions, acupoint compresses), with 30 patients each. The arterial blood gas indexes of the two groups, hospitalization time, pulmonary function indexes, and TCM symptom scores were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Results: The arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) (9.52 ± 1.02 kPa) and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) (5.01 ± 1.02 kPa) of the observation group were better than those of the control group after the intervention (P < 0.05). The forced expiratory volume (FEV1) (3.38 ± 0.15%), the FEV1% prediction value (72.52 ± 2.25), and the FEV1/ forced vital capacity (FVC) (79.52 ± 1.41%) were higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The hospitalization time (12.16 ± 1.02 d) and TCM symptom score (4.12 ± 1.26) of the observation group were better than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Significant nursing effects were achieved by carrying out combined interventions (Chinese medicine nursing intervention and acupoint application) during the acute exacerbation of COPD.
Recent Advances in Glycemic Management for Hospitalized Diabetic Patients
Authors: Li Yue , Xu Linzhi , Hao Jiarong , Hui Rong , Yang Xiaochen
Published: June 2024

With the increase in the number of diabetic patients, hospitalized diabetes management has become very important. During hospitalization, diabetic patients are prone to high or low blood glucose levels, which pose significant risks and challenges for treatment and recovery. Therefore, glycemic management of diabetic patients during hospitalization is critical. This article reviews the latest research progress in glycemic management of hospitalized diabetic patients from several aspects, develops individualized treatment plans, and uses various methods to manage and control blood glucose in hospitalized diabetic patients.
The Efficacy of Electromyographic Biofeedback Combined with Swallowing Training on Post-Stroke Dysphagia
Authors: Wang Le , Zhang Yu , Wang Xiaohui , Li Zhi , Chang Sha
Published: June 2024

Objective: This paper focuses on the research and discussion of the efficacy of electromyographic biofeedback combined with swallowing training on post-stroke dysphagia. Methods: This study randomly sampled and analyzed 68 patients with post-stroke dysphagia from January 2023 to December 2023, 34 cases of swallowing training intervention were grouped as the control group, and 34 cases of electromyography biofeedback combined with swallowing training intervention were grouped as the study group, and the clinical therapeutic effects of the two groups of patients after receiving the two different modes of intervention were compared. Results: The swallowing function of patients in both groups improved, and the VFSS score of patients in the seminar group was significantly higher than that of the control group, indicating that the clinical efficacy of the seminar group was more significant. The nasal feeding tube extraction rate, extraction time, and quality of life scores of the seminar group were better than those of the control group (P < 0.05), which is of research value. Conclusion: For patients with post-stroke dysphagia, treatment with electromyography biofeedback combined with swallowing training mode can significantly improve their swallowing function. This effective intervention can not only shorten the time for patients to remove the nasal feeding tube but also help to improve the quality of life of patients, which is worth using.
Uma análise comparativa de âmbito socioeconômico entre bairros periféricos e bairros centralizados de São Paulo (Brasil)
Authors: Cunha Kevin Willian Mendes
Published: June 2024

O presente artigo tem como objetivo aprofundar o pensamento crítico em relação ao contraste existente nas condições sociais e econômicas, a partir da abordagem do desenvolvimento socioespacial no Município de São Paulo e em seus devidos Distritos e Unidades Administrativas (Subprefeituras). Para ilustrar o divergente cenário socioeconômico dos moradores, fez-se uma análise quantitativa, na qual foram utilizados dados distritais, com ênfase para a relação entre centro e periferia. O resultado realça a disparidade nas condições de vida dos moradores com relação aos seus devidos locais de residência. Dessa forma, a discrepância reflete a situação desfavorável a respeito da realidade socioeconômica, infraestrutura e a segregação urbana presentes na cidade de São Paulo. Em síntese, o contexto e fatos históricos serão abordados em conjunto com gráficos, dados econômicos e sociais, de modo que serão utilizados no presente artigo como ferramenta para coleta de informações, a fim de traçar novas perspectivas sobre a hegemonia da renda média nas regiões afastadas do centro da capital, para assim, absorver os efeitos do desempenho importante de um bairro, sobretudo periférico, em uma grande capital no país.
Examination of patients with diabetes mellitus and peripheral arterial disease according to the adapted ischaemic criteria of the WIfI classification
Authors: Savon I. L. , Lazunko T. I. , Maksymova O. O.
Published: June 2024

Objective. To combine the determination of ischemia class indicators according to the WIfI classification and simultaneous performance of ultrasound duplex scanning of the arteries of both lower extremities during the initial examination of patients with diabetes mellitus and peripheral arterial disease to predict healing, determine the risk of amputation and the need for revascularisation.
Materials and methods. We treated 74 patients with diabetes mellitus and peripheral arterial disease who had signs of infection, ulceration or destruction of deep foot tissues. Patients were divided into two groups: the main group – 43 patients (ischaemia class was determined by the WIfI classification with simultaneous performance of ultrasound duplex scanning of the lower extremity arteries with assessment of lesions by ultrasound criteria) and the control group – 31 patients (ischaemia class according to the WIfI classification was determined only by portable Doppler). Patients in both groups received comprehensive treatment.
Results. During the 1–year follow–up, the frequency of re–hospitalisation associated with deterioration of the condition due to limb ischaemia in the main group was statistically significantly (p=0.03) lower than in the control group.
Conclusions. The integration of ultrasound duplex scanning at the initial stage of diagnosis allows to determine the degree of ischemia more accurately and to refer the patient for vascular correction in time.
Analysis of the effectiveness of the method of primary bleeding prevention in the treatment of portal hypertension in children
Authors: Godik О. S.
Published: June 2024

Objective. To evaluate the role of primary prevention of variceal bleeding in children with prehepatic portal vein obstruction.
Materials and methods. The single–centre prospective cohort clinical trial involved 120 patients with extrahepatic obstruction of the hepatic portal vein who underwent primary or secondary prevention of variceal bleeding in 2016–2021. Laboratory, ultrasound, and endoscopic data were collected and evaluated before and after prophylactic treatment.
Results. Episodes of variceal bleeding were observed in 3 (5.78%) patients who received primary prophylaxis, and rebleeding occurred in 19 (27.94%) patients who received secondary prophylaxis (p=0.013). Of the 53 (44.17%) patients who underwent endoscopic treatment, variceal bleeding occurred in 3 (5.66%), and 19 (28.36%) of the 67 (55.83%) patients who underwent surgery experienced rebleeding (p=0.001). Esophageal varices eradication was achieved in 83 (69.17%) patients: 44 (53.01%) patients who received primary prevention and 39 (46.99%) patients who received secondary prevention. Bleeding episodes occurred less frequently after eradication (p<0.001). After primary prevention, varicose veins disappeared more often than after secondary prevention (p=0.003). The incidence of varicose veins recurrence after achieving eradication did not differ in the groups (p=0.51).
Conclusions. Primary prevention can reduce the high risk of bleeding in prehepatic portal vein obstruction. Prophylactic endoscopic ligation is important in the treatment of portal hypertension in children, which, together with portosystemic shunting, can potentially improve the results of preventive treatment.
Association between Neuroimaging Scores and Clinical Status in Pediatric Patients Diagnosed with Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
Authors: Lee Sunho , Na Ji Hoon , Lee Young-Mock
Published: June 2024

Purpose: Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by arylsulfatase A deficiency, which leads to progressive demyelination in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, resulting in significant gross motor deterioration. This study aimed to analyze data concerning neuroimaging and clinical phenotypes of MLD patients, categorized by disease subtype.Methods: Patients diagnosed with MLD based on arylsulfatase A enzymatic activity, demyelination observed in brain magnetic resonance images, and/or pathogenic mutations were included in this study. The medical charts of 10 patients with confirmed MLD were retrospectively reviewed. We used a simplified magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scoring system and clinical status, including survival. We analyzed the correlations between the scores of specific neuroimaging lesions and clinical status in two groups, categorized as late-infantile and juvenile types based on the age at symptom onset.Results: We detected a positive relationship between clinical function deterioration and MRI score (rho=0.59, P=0.002) in patients with MLD. This correlation was stronger in the late-infantile type (rho=0.700, P=0.003) than in the juvenile type (rho=0.513, P=0.029). A strong relationship was also noted in patients with high signal intensities in the pons and basal ganglia, and cerebellar atrophy, but not in those with lesions in the midbrain. MLD with a high MRI score was associated with poor clinical function. Conclusion: The identified correlations between modified MRI scores and clinical function scales may help predict the prognosis of patients with MLD, thereby aiding in the identification of treatment options and enhancing the quality of life for these patients.
Assessment of forest cover change, key drivers of change and perception of locals in Birendranagar Municipality, Surkhet District, Nepal
Authors: Sapkota Laxmi , Dahal Rajesh Prasad
Published: June 2024

Land use and land cover change has an immense impact on the global environment and ecosystem and is mostly connected with human activities such as conversion of forest into agricultural land and settlements. Forests are changing globally in quantity and quality, and in both increasing and decreasing trends. For the Birendra Nagar Municipality, this study evaluated LULC dynamics, the conversion of forest cover from 2000 to 2020, as well as community perceptions on forest cover change, its drivers. Landsat images of 2000 and 2020 were used for LULC dynamics and for forest cover change detection Using software GIS 10.8. Questionnaire survey, key informant survey, field observation and secondary data were acquired from journal articles, reports, District Forest office, books, and various other sources to find out drivers of forest cover change and perception of locals. It was found that 1146 ha of forest area, 280.53 ha of water bodies, 752.62 ha of barren land were lost between 2000 and 2020. However, 1147.74 ha of settlement area and 1032.40 ha of agricultural land was gained.Net forest cover decreased overall by 4.67%, however, some areas within the municipality experienced an increase in forest cover namely Ward 11 and ward 16 of Municipality shows Highest positive and Negative Forest cover change in terms of Area. Expansion of agriculture land and settlements with the encroachment of forest area, haphazard infrastructure development, illegal timber harvesting and low regeneration capacity of land responsible for the reduction of forest, along with Community forestry approach, plantations programs, promotion of agroforestry practices, fuel transition were responsible drivers for improvements of forest cover. Water cycle disruption, Increases Natural hazard, Temperature rises, shortage of wood for fuel, extinction of indigenous species were the most perceived negative impacts of the forest cover reduction whereas income generation Activities, support biodiversity, easy to collect fuel wool and fodder and others including purifying air quality, increasing aesthetic beauty were the most perceived positive impacts of the forest cover improvement in the study area. Most of the locals have a holistic understanding of forest cover change. Strengthening forest protection, improving soil and water conservation structures, awareness creation, enrichment planting, Promote Alternate Energy Resources and Equitable benefit-sharing mechanism are possible solutions perceived by locals.
Farmers' perception and adoption of management practices against tomato damage by tomato leaf miner (Tuta absoluta) in Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Kafle Santosh , Karki Aashish , Pokharel Prayan
Published: June 2024

The tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta, poses a significant threat to tomato cultivation globally, with a notable impact on yields. This study investigates the perceptions and practices of farmers in Pokhara, Nepal, regarding T. absoluta management. We aimed to assess the current adoption of management strategies, identify influencing factors, and uncover knowledge gaps among farmers. We surveyed 69 randomly selected households involved in tomato cultivation using a semi-structured questionnaire. The survey collected data on observations of T. absoluta damage, management practices (chemical, physical, pheromone-based), and awareness of integrated pest management (IPM) and ecosystem services. Our findings reveal that 94% of farmers observed T. absoluta damage in their fields, with a predominant reliance on chemical pesticides (86.96%). Awareness and adoption of environmentally friendly practices, such as IPM, were notably lacking. Factors such as the age of the household head, crop rotation, cropping systems, and family type significantly influenced the adoption of various management practices. While 44.93% of farmers used pheromones, 31% recognized them as effective. This study highlights the severe threat T. absoluta poses to tomato cultivation in Pokhara and the insufficiency of current management practices. Bridging knowledge gaps regarding eco-friendly approaches, such as pheromones and biological controls, is crucial. We emphasize the need to tailor extension services by considering sociodemographic factors and promoting awareness of ecosystem services. Ultimately, our study will contribute to more sustainable pest management practices in agricultural settings.
Elevated salt stress level affected the productivity and chlorophyll content of Centella asiatica (L.)
Authors: Karmaker Esita , Robbani Mahbub , Islam Md. Mainul , Suem Mohammad Abu , Labib Litun Ahmed
Published: June 2024

Salinity disrupts plant nutrient uptake, metabolism, and increases susceptibility to biotic stresses. This reduces nutrient use efficiency, leading to stunted growth and decreased productivity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the growth and yield performance of Centella asiatica L. under varying levels of salt stress. The research was conducted at the Germplasm Centre, Department of Horticulture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University. A randomized complete block design with four replications was employed, wherein five salt concentrations i.e., 0 mM, 50 mM, 100 mM, 150 mM, and 200 mM were applied in four replications on 20 pots. Data on various growth and yield parameters were taken in four installments: 21, 42, 63, and 84 days after transplanting. Results showed that the highest values for various parameters were observed in the control group (2.34 mM base value), with notable figures including number of leaves (258.5), number of runners (126.75), petiole length (9.38 cm), chlorophyll content (41.62 SPAD value), fresh weight of leaves (23.92 g), dry weight of leaves (7.97 g), fresh weight of shoot (1.84 g), and dry weight of shoot (0.61 g) at 84 DAT. Conversely, fresh weight and dry weight of roots peaked at 150 mM salt concentration (1.95 g and 0.65 g, respectively). The investigations revealed that as salinity levels increased, a gradual decline in growth parameters was observed, indicating a significant reduction in the growth and yield of C. asiatica. These findings highlight the sensitivity of C. asiatica to salt stress and underscore the importance of salinity management for optimal growth and yield.
Impact of IPM training on pest management practices in major vegetables in Palpa, Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Mamata , Acharya Sapana , Dhital Pankaj Raj
Published: June 2024

A study assessed the impact of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) training on pest management practices in major vegetable crops in Palpa district. A total of 138 respondents were selected through purposive random sampling from Tansen municipality and the rural municipalities of Bagnaskali and Ribdikot. Data was collected via semi-structured interviews on prevailing IPM practices, pesticide handling, and challenges in IPM adoption. The analysis, employing descriptive and inferential statistics including chi-square tests, revealed that most trained respondents were from Tansen municipality, with more females than males receiving training. Although respondents preferred botanical methods, they predominantly used chemical pesticides due to availability, lack of biopesticides, high costs of IPM, social constraints, and the absence of block farming. Agro-vet stores were the main information source on pesticides. The level of pest control influenced chemical pesticide purchases, with low awareness of pest resistance. Both trained and non-trained respondents sprayed pesticides during pest outbreaks, with few reporting symptoms from exposure. Trained respondents exhibited greater awareness of the impacts of chemical pesticides on beneficial insects and soil health, the importance of waiting periods, safe pesticide disposal, and safety precautions. Significant associations were found between IPM training and chemical pesticide use, awareness of their impacts on beneficial insects, pesticide disposal methods, waiting periods, safety precautions, and perceptions of soil impact. The study highlighted the critical role of training in enhancing pest management practices and awareness of the adverse effects of chemical pesticides, underscoring the need for increased availability of biopesticides and support for IPM adoption.
Effect of transplanting dates on growth, yield and quality of broad leaf mustard (Brassica juncea L. var. rugosa) varieties at Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Bista Kaushila , Srivastava Arvind , Giri Hom Nath , Joshi Sandhya , Bhusal Kabita , Bhatta Bhawana
Published: June 2024

Broad Leaf Mustard, one of the most popular, highly commercialized, and widely grown green vegetables due to its richness in vitamin and minerals with peculiar taste. The precise knowledge of ideal planting time with right selection of variety provides suitable environmental conditions at all growth stages that increase the yield. The field experiment was carried at Horticulture Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan to evaluate the effect of transplanting dates on growth, yield and quality of Broad Leaf Mustard (Brassica juncea L. var. rugosa) varieties in Terai condition of Nepal during October 2021 to March 2022. The experiment was laid out in two factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. There were sixteen treatment combination comprising four varieties (Khumal Broad Leaf, Marpha Broad Leaf, Manakamana and Mike Giant) with four transplanting dates (October 25, November 9, November 24 and December 9). The results revealed that transplanting dates and varieties along with interaction significantly influenced the growth, yield and quality of Broad Leaf Mustard. Among the varieties, Khumal Broad Leaf was significantly superior on growth parameters like plant height, leaf length and breadth, plant canopy but on yield attributes the superior variety was Mike Giant based on number of leaves harvested per plot (226.08) and leaf yield (26.43 mt ha-1). However, the organoleptic test result revealed that the Mike Giant had excellent taste (74%) along with highest recovery percentage of Gundruk (27.62 %). Among the date of transplanting, mid transplanting on November 9 was better in terms of growth and leaf yield of 28.92 mt ha-1. While poorest performance was recorded on last transplanting on December 9 in all growth, yield and quality parameters with leaf yield of 17.36 mt ha-1. The interaction effect of different varieties and transplanting dates resulted better growth and quality in Khumal Broad Leaf and Manakamana varieties when transplanted on November 9. So based on the results of the experiment, Mike Giant transplanted on November 9 produced better growth and yield than others for the optimum yield production in Chitwan, Nepal.
Adoption of post-harvest practices and their influencing factors: A study of ginger growers in Syangja, Nepal
Authors: Aryal Suruchi , Pokhrel Madhav , Thapa Kul Bahadur , Acharya Sapana , Pantha Dikchha , Lamichhane Rajendra
Published: June 2024

Proper ginger post-harvest practices enhance quality, extend shelf life, and ameliorate market access. Prioritizing post-harvest practices in ginger can tremendously increase the market value of ginger in Nepal. Nevertheless, this cannot be done without thorough understanding about the current adoption of post-harvest practices among farmers. So, this study was carried out to know the status of adoption of post-harvest practices in ginger, examine factors associated with adoption, identify and rank major constraints of adoption. The collection of primary data involved 80 ginger growers chosen randomly from altogether 6 wards in Galyang, Waling, and Chapakot municipalities. Data entry and analysis were performed using two software: MS Excel 2021 and SPSS Version 27. The adoption status of ginger post-harvest practices was assessed and quantified using frequency distribution. The chi-square test revealed a significant association between adoption and membership (5%), extension (1%) and training (1%). However, the association between demographic factors like age, gender, education level, experiences in ginger cultivation, and the adoption of post-harvest practices in ginger was statistically non-significant. Moreover, an independent sample t-test and indexing technique were employed. Average adoption index was computed based on which high and low adopters were categorized. Notable advantages emerged for high adopters as they cultivated ginger in larger areas (p < 0.01) and gained higher economic returns (p < 0.05). Five constraints regarding the adoption were ranked through indexing, where a poor marketing system had the highest index value of 0.83, followed by the unavailability of improved processing technologies. In contrast, labor crisis was the least ranked constraint. This study concluded that farmers still follow the traditional methods of ginger post-harvest practices, denoting significant potential for improvement. Thus, offering impactful trainings and support to farmers in line with their recommendations can be the pivotal step towards enhancing the post-harvest practices in ginger sector in Syangja district.
Increasing the productivity of cows through the use of premixes based on forest and mineral resources in feeding
Authors: Tereshchenko V. A. , Ivanov E. A. , Lyubimova Yu. G. , Ivanova O. V.
Published: June 2024

The influence of premixes based on forest (pine needles, pine nut shells, arabinogalactan) and mineral (bentonite clay, expanded vermiculite) raw materials on dairy productivity of cows has been studied. The experiment was conducted in the Krasnoyarsk region on three groups of Black-and-White breed cows (10 heads per group) at the age of the third calving, with a live weight of 530–550 kg. The control group was fed the basic diet, the 1st experimental group was fed a premix consisting of bentonite clay, pine coniferous flour, pine nut shells, vitamin and mineral complex and arabinogalactan in addition to the basic diet. Cows of the 2nd experimental group were fed a premix of a similar compo sition with the exception of bentonite clay, instead of which expanded vermiculite was included in the premix. The duration of the experiment was 60 days. The cows were kept tethered and walking, milking was automatic in the milk pipeline. The feeding ration corresponded to zootechnical standards. The studied premixes were fed in a mixture with concentrated feeds once a day. The research was carried out according to generally accepted methods using modern certified equipment. Feeding the cows of the studied premixes had a positive effect on milk productivity in both experimental groups, however, the greatest increase in productivity compared with the control was found in cows of the 2nd experimental group who received a premix with expanded vermiculite in the composition. Milk yield of natural fat content in this group increased by 7.60%, milk yield of basic fat content – by 14.02%, the mass fraction of fat in milk – by 0.23 percentage points, the amount of milk fat – by 14.02%, milk protein – by 9.65%. The organoleptic parameters of the milk of experimental cows under the influence of the studied premixes did not deteriorate and met the requirements of the GOST (Russian National Standard) for premium milk.