bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Connected Intensive Care Unit Patient: Exploratory Analyses and Cohort Discovery From a Critical Care Telemedicine Database (Preprint)
Authors: Essay Patrick , Shahin Tala B , Balkan Baran , Mosier Jarrod , Subbian Vignesh
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND

Many intensive care units (ICUs) utilize telemedicine in response to an expanding critical care patient population, off-hours coverage, and intensivist shortages, particularly in rural facilities. Advances in digital health technologies, among other reasons, have led to the integration of active, well-networked critical care telemedicine (tele-ICU) systems across the United States, which in turn, provide the ability to generate large-scale remote monitoring data from critically ill patients.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to explore opportunities and challenges of utilizing multisite, multimodal data acquired through critical care telemedicine. Using a publicly available tele-ICU, or electronic ICU (eICU), database, we illustrated the quality and potential uses of remote monitoring data, including cohort discovery for secondary research.

METHODS

Exploratory analyses were performed on the eICU Collaborative Research Database that includes deidentified clinical data collected from adult patients admitted to ICUs between 2014 and 2015. Patient and ICU characteristics, top admission diagnoses, and predictions from clinical scoring systems were extracted and analyzed. Additionally, a case study on respiratory failure patients was conducted to demonstrate research prospects using tele-ICU data.

RESULTS

The eICU database spans more than 200 hospitals and over 139,000 ICU patients across the United States with wide-ranging clinical data and diagnoses. Although mixed medical-surgical ICU was the most common critical care setting, patients with cardiovascular conditions accounted for more than 20% of ICU stays, and those with neurological or respiratory illness accounted for nearly 15% of ICU unit stays. The case study on respiratory failure patients showed that cohort discovery using the eICU database can be highly specific, albeit potentially limiting in terms of data provenance and sparsity for certain types of clinical questions.

CONCLUSIONS

Large-scale remote monitoring data sources, such as the eICU database, have a strong potential to advance the role of critical care telemedicine by serving as a testbed for secondary research as well as for developing and testing tools, including predictive and prescriptive analytical solutions and decision support systems. The resulting tools will also inform coordination of care for critically ill patients, intensivist coverage, and the overall process of critical care telemedicine.
Berpikir Kritis: Mendorong Introduksi dan Reformulasi Konsep dalam Psikologi Islam
Authors: Sulaiman Ahmad , Syakarofath Nandy Agustin
Published: December 2018

Islam once triumphed as a great civilization with two main characteristics: an appreciation of science as well as submission to the value of Tawheed. Unfortunately, at present these characteristics seem not to belong to Islam. Various measurement data show that Muslim-dominated countries such as Indonesia, have low values in higher-order thinking skills such as creative thinking and problem-solving. As a solution effort, this paper attempts to reintroduce the concept of critical thinking in the body of the current Muslim community. The effort begins by showing how important critical thinking is in Islam, the relevance of Islam and critical thinking and the adaptation of current research in the frame of Islamic Psychology. The main implication of this paper is the importance of seeing the significance of all researchers, both Muslim researchers and outside Muslims, in the process of Islamizing the concept.
Menggunakan Studi Kasus sebagai Metode Ilmiah dalam Psikologi
Authors: Prihatsanti Unika , Suryanto Suryanto , Hendriani Wiwin
Published: December 2018

As a research method, case studies are often used in qualitative research, but there is no agreement on research procedures. Case studies have been widely used in psychology, which is not only used in the context of research but it has different meanings. The purpose of this article is to provide a description of the case study as a research method, by providing an overview of the procedures for conducting research which includes when case studies can be used, research design, data collection, data validity, and data analysis. This article seeks to help emerging researchers in the field of psychology with several views from Robert Yin and Robert Stake. This article helps researchers to familiarize themselves with the procedures of qualitative research using case studies. A case study approach that is applied correctly can be a valuable method for conducting research, especially in the field of psychology as a means of developing theory, evaluating programs, developing interventions.
Stimulus Gambar: Sebuah Kajian pada Instrumen Minat Vokasional
Authors: Nurcahyo Firmanto Adi , Azwar Saifuddin , Martani Wisjnu
Published: December 2018

Vocational interest instruments are mostly based on verbal stimuli which require subjects’ reading ability. Another form of stimuli is needed for the populations that have reading difficulty. This article offers an explanation of using pictures as stimuli in the development of an instrument to assess adolescents’ vocational interest as well as the steps in developing pictorial stimuli. Compared to verbal, pictorial stimuli are closer to real life and have supporting information related to the activities. However, some limitation in using pictorial stimuli such as difficulty in describing hardly observable behavior and ambiguity of the pictures that can affect individual interpretation need to be considered.
ACUTE AND SUB CHRONIC TOXICITY STUDIES OF PURIFIED WITHANIA SOMNIFERA EXTRACT IN RATS
Authors: Antony Benny , Benny Merina , Kuruvilla Binu T. , Gupta Nishant Kumar , Sebastian Anu , Jacob Sherina
Published: December 2018

Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the acute and sub-chronic (90 d; repeated dose) toxicity of Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) extract in rats.Methods: The acute toxicity was evaluated as per OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) guidelines 423. Purified ashwagandha extract (PAE) was fed at 2000 mg/kg body weight (bw) to overnight fasted female rats. The animals were observed daily for clinical signs of abnormality/mortality. After 14 d, animals were sacrificed and gross pathological changes were recorded. Sub-chronic toxicity of PAE was studied by feeding the extract at 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw daily to rats as per OECD guidelines 408. After 90 d feeding, heamatological and biochemical parameters of treated rats were compared with control animals. Histopathology of all the major organs was also studied.Results: In the acute toxicity study, no mortality or clinical signs of toxicity were observed in any of the animals at maximum recommended dose level of 2000 mg/kg bw; therefore the LD50 is>2000 mg/kg bw in rats. The repeated administration of PAE for 90 d in rats at the maximum dose level of 1000 mg/kg bw did not induce any observable toxic effects, when compared to its corresponding control animals. The hematology and biochemistry profile of treated rats was similar to control animals and difference was non-significant (p>0.05). The histopathology of major organs of all the control and treated animals was normal. In this study the NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) was calculated as 1000 mg/kg bw daily for rats.Conclusion: The present study clearly indicates that PAE does not have any toxic effects in animals at the dose evaluated as evidenced by acute and sub chronic toxicity studies in rats.
GENERATION DEPENDENT TARGETING POTENTIAL OF DONEPEZIL LOADED POLY (PROPYLENEIMINE) DENDRIMER THROUGH GOAT NASAL MUCOSA
Authors: Dwivedi Nitin , Kurmi Balak Das , Kesharwani Prashant , Shah Jigna
Published: December 2018

Objective: In the domain of nano drug delivery, dendrimers are the most explored bioactive polymeric carrier system. The present work was aimed to study the diffusion potential of different generations of Poly (propyleneimine) (PPI) dendrimers on goat nasal mucosa in an ex vivo study and synthesize a stable dendrimer for olfactory drug delivery.Methods: The generations (3.0G, 4.0G, and 5.0G) of PPI dendrimer were synthesized, and PEGylated by MPEG 5000 and then loaded with donepezil. A comparative study was carried out among all generations in term of their drug loading capacity, stability, sustained release behaviour as well as for targeting efficacy. An ex-vivo study was carried out on Franz Diffusion Cell with goat nasal mucosa.Results: The developed G3, G4, and G5 dendrimerformulations had entrapment efficiency of 24.33±0.56%, 40.12±0.62%, and 60.4±0.6%, respectively. The nasal diffusion study revealed that 5.0G PPI dendrimer increased diffusion of donepezil up to 47% as compared to the pure solution of donepezil while 10% improvement in diffusion was seen as compared to 4.0 G PPI dendrimer. Thus obtained results claimed that the drug loading as well as targeting potential of PPI dendrimers increased with the increase in the number of generation. The investigation outcome indicated promising results of 5.0G PPI dendrimer over the 3.0G and 4.0G PPI dendrimer generations for their drug loading capacity, stability, and sustained release action.Conclusion: The 5.0G PPI dendrimer proved its superior candidature over the other lower generations of PPI dendrimers for drug delivery and drug targeting.
Supporting Teacher Candidates' Sense-Making of Field Instructors Feedback Through Co-constructed Goal-Setting
Authors: Soslau Elizabeth , Goettel Vicki , Lilly Deirdre
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this study was to discern if teacher candidates and their university-based field instructors engagement in co-constructed goal-setting activities would better support teacher candidates’ understanding of feedback delivered during post-lesson observation conferences. Data from preliminary and retrospective surveys were compared within and across treatment and control groups. Findings showed that teacher candidates (n = 9) who participated in co-constructed goal-setting activities grew more comfortable discussing their teaching and took on a greater responsibility in guiding the post-observation conferencing discourse and higher rates than control-group participants (n = 9). However, the co-constructed goal-setting protocol did not support a greater understanding of feedback.
A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Mathematics Education Practices at Canadian Universities
Authors: Weatherby Chester , Kotsopoulos Donna , Woolford Douglas , Khattak Laaraib
Published: December 2018

In response to international standardized testing, many countries are examining mathematics education at virtually every level of instruction. Canada is no exception. Declines in mathematics scores in some international standardized tests have raised concerns amongst some stakeholders that a “crisis” may be unfolding and the readiness of students to study mathematics in university. These results raise questions about the ways in which students are streamed into university mathematics and the supports provided once they begin their studies. Our focus in this research was university-level mathematics education. To mimic how students, parents, counselors and son on are most likely to seek for mathematics support, we engaged in a web-based examination of departments of mathematics at 62 Canadian universities (including “university colleges”). Our objectives were to examine the types of degrees offered, admission protocols (including types of streaming or placement tests), methods for remedial support, accessibility of online information, mathematics help centers, courses for non-mathematics majors, and access initiatives as a preliminary step in analyzing the broader Canadian landscape in post-secondary mathematics education. Our findings reveal remarkably consistent practices across all institutions. A rethinking of practices may be necessary in order to support those students that appear to be underprepared for post-secondary mathematics.
Restoring Heisenberg scaling in noisy quantum metrology by monitoring the environment
Authors: Albarelli Francesco , Rossi Matteo A. C. , Tamascelli Dario , Genoni Marco G.
Published: December 2018

We study quantum frequency estimation forNqubits subjected to independent Markovian noise, via strategies based on time-continuous monitoring of the environment. Both physical intuition and an extended convexity property of the quantum Fisher information (QFI) suggest that these strategies are more effective than the standard ones based on the measurement of the unconditional state after the noisy evolution. Here we focus on initial GHZ states and on parallel or transverse noise. For parallel noise, i.e. dephasing, we show that perfectly efficient time-continuous photo-detection allows to recover the unitary (noiseless) QFI, and thus to obtain a Heisenberg scaling for every value of the monitoring time. For finite detection efficiency, one falls back to the noisy standard quantum limit scaling, but with a constant enhancement due to an effective reduced dephasing. Also in the transverse noise case we obtain that the Heisenberg scaling is recovered for perfectly efficient detectors, and we find that both homodyne and photo-detection based strategies are optimal. For finite detectors efficiency, our numerical simulations show that, as expected, an enhancement can be observed, but we cannot give any conclusive statement regarding the scaling. We finally describe in detail the stable and compact numerical algorithm that we have developed in order to evaluate the precision of such time-continuous estimation strategies, and that may find application in other quantum metrology schemes.
PENGARUH SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING TERHADAP BRAND TRUST PADA FOLLOWERS INSTAGRAM DOMPET DHUAFA CABANG YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Zulfikar Alif Ryan , Mikhriani Mikhriani
Published: December 2018

Penelitian ini berlatar belakang social media marketing, sebuah teknik pemasaran menggunakan media sosial yang baru berkembang pesat saat ini. Banyak perusahaan yang telah menggunakannya termasuk lembaga nirlaba seperti Dompet Dhuafa Cabang Yogyakarta. Dengan tersedianya jaringan yang terhubung diseluruh penjuru dunia. Teknik ini bisa dimanfaatkan untuk membuktikan bukti sosial lembaga tersebut untuk membangun brand trust. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh social media marketing terhadap terhadap brand trust pada followers Instagram Dompet Dhuafa Cabang Yogyakarta. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan melakukan survei online kepada followers akun Instagram Dompet Dhuafa Cabang Yogyakarta yang berjumlah 100 sampel. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengambilan sampel yaitu probability sampling dengan teknik simple random sampling. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, analisis deskriptif kuantitatif, uji asumsi (uji normalitas, uji linieritas, dan uji heteroskedastisitas), dan regresi linier sederhana dengan uji hipotesis (uji t dan uji koefisien determinasi). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa social media marketing berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap brand trust. Dengan melihat nilai beta pada kolom unstandardized coefficients adalah 0,398 dan uji t diketahui nilai t hitung adalah 10,835 lebih besar dari t tabel dengan nilai 1,658. Nilai R square adalah 0,545, berarti bahwa sebesar 54,5% brand trust yang terjadi dapat dijelaskan dengan variabel social media marketing.
PERAN WILAYATUL HISBAH DALAM MENCEGAH LESBIAN, GAY, BISEKSUAL DAN TRANSGENDER (LGBT) DI BANDA ACEH
Authors: Kemala Putri
Published: December 2018

Pencegahan adalah bentuk kepedulian dan kewajiban berdakwah agar terhindar dari kemaksiatan guna melahirkan masyarakat Islami. Pencegahan lesbian, gay, biseksual dan transgender (LGBT) adalah suatu proses yang dijalankan oleh pemerintah Kota Banda Aceh melalui Wilayatul Hisbah selaku badan yang mengawasi pelaksanaan syariat Islam dengan tujuan terlaksananya syariat Islam baik dari segi akidah, ibadah dan Syariat Islam. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana peran Wilayatul Hisbah dalam mencegah LGBT di Banda Aceh. Di lihat dari sifatnya, penelitian ini termasuk pada penelitian kualitatif. Lokasi penelitian ini dilakukan di Kota Banda Aceh, tepatnya pada lembaga Wilayatul Hisbah Kota Banda Aceh. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini tergolong pada penelitian lapangan (field research) dengan teknik pengumpulan datanya diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Adapun teknik analisisnya dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan, bahwa langkah dan strategi Wilayatul Hisbah dalam mencegah lesbian, gay, biseksual dan transgender (LGBT) di Banda Aceh adalah dengan sosialisasi, baik dalam bentuk patroli rutin, kunjungan ke sekolah-sekolah, maupun kunjungan ke tempat-tempat yang terindikasi sering terjadinya pelanggaran. Di antara faktor penghambat Wilayatul Hisbah dalam mencegah LGBT di Banda Aceh adalah kurangnya dukungan masyarakat dan pemerintah. Adapun solusi yang efektif terhadap pembentukan generasi anti LGBT di Banda Aceh adalah dengan meningkatkan kesadaran kepada orang tua melalui sosialisasi khusus terkait pola asuh anak sesuai ajaran Islam, penanaman pemahaman tentang bahaya liwath, musahaqah dan resiko jika anak menjadi LGBT. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah perlu melakukan upaya penanaman pemahaman kepada masyarakat, selain juga melakukan pemberdayaan bagi setiap pegawai Wilayatul Hisbah agar timbul kesadaran, tanggung jawab serta mampu bekerja dengan penuh keihklasan.
KONSEP DAKWAH ENTREPRENEUR MENURUT ABDURRAHMAN BIN AUF
Authors: Muliana Muliana
Published: December 2018

Konsep dakwah entrepreneur menurut Abdurrahman bin Auf merupakan suatu pekerjaaan dan tugas kewajiban yang menggunakan ajaran-ajaran dan nilai-nilai syariat Islam yang keberhasilannya akan menambah dekatnya jiwa kepada Allah SWT. Adapun tujuan artikel ini untuk mengetahui konsep dakwah entrepreneur menurut Abdurrahman bin Auf sehingga dapat menjadi panutan untuk wirausaha lain. Untuk memperoleh data penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Sumber data menggunakan penelitian perpustakaan (library reseach). Sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data ditempuh melalui studi dokumentasi, mengidentifikasi wacana dari buku-buku, artikel, jurnal, web, ataupun informasi terkait lainnya. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa konsep dakwah entrepreneur yang ditanamkan oleh Abdurrahman bin Auf adalah hidup dengan bisnis yang tidak pernah menjual barang yang cacat, mandiri, berani memulai usaha dari nol. Hasil peneltian juga menunjukkan bahwa metode atau rahasia dalam menjalankan bisnisnya, Abdurrahman bin Auf memiliki kepercayaan yang tinggi, memulai sesuatu bisnis yang halal, mulai dari modal, proses, hingga penjualan berdasarkan nilai-nilai dan ajaran-ajaran Islam. Abdurrahman bin Auf juga membangun team kerja yang tangguh, mempunyai keyakinan yang besar, melakukan ekspor dan impor barang, menjaga kepercayaan relasi bisnis, bahkan sangat rajin bersedekah dan berinfak di jalan Allah SWT. Selain dari nilai-nilai dakwah yang ditanamkan oleh Abdurrahman bin Auf di dalam menjalankan bisnisnya, dakwah entrepreneur yang dijalankan oleh Abdurrahman bin Auf juga mempunyai relevansi dalam konteks kekinian, seperti menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai kejujuran, nilai kemandirian, dan nilai sedekah atau infak di jalan Allah SWT dengan hartanya. Oleh karena itu, secara umum konsep dakwah entrepreneur Abdurrahman bin Auf dapat diaplikasikan bagi masyarakat muslim, dan lebih khusus bagi calon entrepreneur muslim masa depan.
KEBIJAKAN PIMPINAN DALAM MEMOTIVASI KERJA PEGAWAI BAITUL MAL ACEH
Authors: Zabir Muzakir
Published: December 2018

Problem inti motivasi yang berkaitan dengan kepemimpinan adalah bagaimana cara seorang pimpinan menggerakkan sekelompok orang yang masing-masing memiliki kebutuhan yang khas dan kepribadian unik untuk bekerja sama menuju pencapaian sasaran-sasaran organisasi. Begitu juga halnya dengan problem pimpinan di organisasi Baitul Mal Aceh, beberapa tindakan dan kebijakan harus di lakukan untuk memotivasi para pegawai agar tujuan yang ditetapan dapat tercapai. Lebih jauh artikel ini ingin mengkaji tentang kebijakan pimpinan dalam memotivasi kerja pegawai di Baitul Mal Aceh. Hal ini penting dilakukan terutama untuk mengetahui pola dan metode pimpinan dalam sebuah pengambilan kebijakan sesuai dengan tugas dan fungsinya. Penelitian ini termasuk pada jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan analisis datanya menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa  implementasi kebijakan pemimpin dalam memotivasi semangat kerja pegawai Baitul Mal Aceh adalah dengan memberikan pengarahan dan bimbingan terhadap karyawan. Di antara kendala Pimpinan Baitul Mal Aceh dalam memotivasi kerja pegawai adalah banyaknya pegawai yang belum pernah mengikuti pelatihan khususnya pelatihan manajemen zakat, bahkan ada yang belum pernah sama sekali sehingga kondisi ini membuat karyawan tidak memiliki kapasitas yang cukup untuk melaksanakan tugas-tugas tertentu.
EFICIENCIA DE LA INCLUSIÓN FINANCIERA EN COLOMBIA, 2014
Authors: Rodríguez Lozano Gloria Isabel
Published: December 2018

Existe una correlación bastante alta entre la exclusión de los servicios ofrecidos por el sector financiero formal y la pobreza. Es por esto que en este trabajo se mide, para el año 2014, la eficiencia de la inclusión financiera en Colombia. En el análisis se incluye a los bancos, las compañías de financiamiento y las cooperativas finan­cieras, los cuales son estudiados de manera no global, mediante la aplicación del análisis envolvente de datos, metodología no paramétrica de programación lineal que mediante un doble proceso de optimización genera indicadores de eficiencia. En este trabajo se da respuesta a los siguientes interrogantes: ¿Qué tipo de entidades son eficientes y en qué número? ¿Cómo es la distribución de las entidades según el rango de índice de eficiencia? ¿Hay algún grupo que se diferencie? Los resultados revelan que solo el 25 % de las instituciones analizadas son eficientes.
ESTRATEGIA DE DIVERSIFICACIÓN PRODUCTIVA EN PERÚ Y SU APLICACIÓN EN EL SECTOR AGRÍCOLA
Authors: Barrientos Felipa Pedro
Published: December 2018

Este artículo expone los antecedentes y el diseño de la estrategia de diversificación productiva a través de la revisión de diversos documentos en donde se analizan los avances logrados. Para los fines del caso se revisaron documentos extranjeros que han investigado acerca de la estrategia y sus consecuencias. El interés por la diversificación tiene sustento en la influencia de la caída de los precios y la demanda internacional de los commodities, los que tienen valor significativo en la balanza comercial de Perú. Del análisis se concluye que falta convencimiento, por parte de los agentes involucrados, para llevar a cabo el plan que se ha diseñado, asumiendo que esto ocurre en los procesos de cambios estructurales.
DESCUENTO DE FLUJO DE FONDOS E INFLACIÓN PARA LA VALORACIÓN DE EMPRESAS EN DOS MONEDAS
Authors: Silverio Milanesi Gastón
Published: December 2018

El objetivo del trabajo consiste en presentar un marco basado en las teorías de la paridad sobre el modelo de descuento de flujos para obtener valoraciones en dos monedas. Se presentan soluciones técnicas para la proyección de magnitudes finan­cieras y costo de capital, expresados en términos reales y nominales. Para estudiar e ilustrar su funcionamiento se emplea el método de análisis de caso. Los resultados obtenidos indican que en equilibrio de mercado, el valor actual de los flujos de fondos descontados en dos monedas, obtenidos a partir de magnitudes financieras proyectadas y expresadas en diferente poder adquisitivo, gozan de consistencia si todas las variables que expliquen el valor de la firma (flujos de fondos, costo del capital promedio ponderado y valor de continuidad) son calculadas considerando el impacto de la inflación. Para ello es menester que la tasa de cambio esperada, de contado y futura, las tasas de interés y la inflación esperada, local y extranjera, sean obtenidas aplicando la teoría de la paridad.
LAS RELACIONES COMERCIALES EN AMÉRICA LATINA EN 1995 y 2015: UN ANÁLISIS DE REDES COMPLEJAS
Authors: Gómez Hernández Luz Yadira , Ramos Ramírez Andrey David
Published: December 2018

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las relaciones comerciales en América Latina en los años 1995 y 2015 utilizando el enfoque de redes complejas, con datos de los cinco primeros socios de importaciones y exportaciones de 17 países de la región. El estudio de las propiedades del grafo se complementa con el análisis de hechos históricos importantes y la composición de las canastas de importaciones y exportaciones. Los resultados muestran la tendencia en la región a comerciar con economías grandes en Asia y América del Norte a las que se les exporta principalmente bienes primarios y desde las que se importa tecnología, bienes industriales y de capital.
An unconventional interpretation on periodization and dimensions of globalization in historical perspective
Authors: Salles Alexandre Ottoni Teatini
Published: December 2018

Unlike the short-term business cycles, globalization has developed in long waves surrounded by periods of booms and different types of crises. The phenomenon is usually associated with a process of the integration of national economies into a wider (global) sphere involving productive and financial markets. The current increased use of the term does not mean that the phenomenon is actually new.  Hence, the article aims to analyse preconditions, periodization and dimensions of globalization in historical perspective. Many scholars have discussed its causes and consequences based on what has taken place in the last few decades, normally starting in the late 1970s. Nevertheless, the phenomenon has precedents in history, which means, it is not an exclusive occurrence of the capitalism of the late 20th century. A literature has flourished suggesting that the occurrence of greater global connectivity involving many areas of human activity and social interaction has occurred at times in history since a century (or even centuries) ago. So, the article postulates that globalization is not only secular but an ancient phenomenon. Therefore, proposes that non-economic aspects of global integration should be considered as key elements to survey the topic, which have been neglected by economists and economic historians. On this account, this paper proposes a systematization of the discussions on globalization from an interdisciplinary point of view based mainly on the contribution of Held (1999). It concludes that the beginning of the first historical occurrences of globalization occurred much as early as in the Middle Ages, and emphasises the importance of aspects of it outside economics, such as culture and language.
Abordagens teóricas sobre o relacionamento entre empresas e universidades e o cenário brasileiro
Authors: Paranhos Júlia , Hasenclever Lia , Perin Fernanda Steiner
Published: December 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar as características de três abordagens sobre o relacionamento entre empresas e universidades. No modelo da hélice tríplice, a universidade adquire a função de comercialização do conhecimento, assim sendo vista como um ator do desenvolvimento econômico. Na abordagem de sistemas de inovação, a universidade cumpre o papel de formadora de recursos humanos e de parceira das empresas para gerar inovação. E, na abordagem latinoamericana, a universidade tem uma função importante no desenvolvimento social, pois estaria alinhada às necessidades dos países periféricos. Em cada uma destas visões, a universidade e a empresa possuem papéis e formas de interação diferenciados. No Brasil, foi visto que os incentivos para fomentar o papel da universidade no desenvolvimento seguiram as orientações das abordagens teóricas mencionadas, mas acabaram por ficar deslocadas da realidade. Desta forma, os resultados decorrentes são incipientes e pouco satisfatórios até o momento.
Interações universidade-empresa: um estudo exploratório sobre as empresas de biotecnologia em saúde
Authors: Alves Nathália Guimarães , Vargas Marco Antônio , Britto Jorge Nogueira de Paiva
Published: December 2018

O objetivo do artigo é apresentar um panorama sobre as empresas de biotecnologia e biociências constituídas sob o modelo de empreendimentos intensivos em conhecimento no Brasil e de suas interações com a estrutura brasileira de Ciência e Tecnologia nas áreas de ciências biológicas e dasaúde. O estudo está estruturado em cinco seções dedicadas à definir a biotecnologia e seu caráter “baseado em ciência”, caracterizar a incipiente indústria de biotecnologia no Brasil, apresentar as evidências de incorporação da biotecnologia moderna pela indústria farmacêutica no Brasil, apontar as características da estrutura de ciência e tecnologia nas áreas de conhecimento relacionadas à biotecnologia em saúde humana e apresentar evidências de interação universidade-empresa neste segmento no Brasil. A análise está baseada em dados provenientes de diversos estudos, complementadospor informações do Diretório Nacional dos Grupos de Pesquisa do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) para o período 2000 e 2014. Os resultados indicam a existência de cerca de 300 empresas de biocências e 200 empresas de biotecnologia no Brasil, das quais 40% em média estão envolvidas em atividades de saúde humana. As empresas são jovens, de pequeno porte, majoritariamente controladas por capital nacional e localizadas na região sudeste do Brasil, estão em fase pré-operacional ou evolvidas na provisão de serviços tecnológicos. Há ainda indícios de que estas empresas estão fortemente relacionadas a universidades e centros de pesquisa no Brasil.
The Prevalence of Herpes Virus Infections in the Active Phase in Hospitalized Children with Rotavirus Infection
Authors: Krasnov V. V. , Aleksandrova T. D. , Senyaginа N. E. , Nazarova L. V.
Published: December 2018

Under the supervision there were 301 children hospitalized in an infectious hospital with a diagnosis of rotavirus infection. All children were examined for the presence of human herpes virus DNA 4, 5 and type 6 (EBV, CMV, HHV6) in the blood. The majority of hospitalized children with rotavirus infection were under 3 years of age (85.7%). Revealed a high percentage of children of different ages with herpes viral infections in the active phase. In the case of monoinfection, the most frequent active infection was caused by HHV6 type (45.5%). In the case of an associated infectious process, the predominant viruses were EBV and HHV6 (29.3%). Children with active herpes virus who had a rotavirus infection need follow-up monitoring.
Active Herpes Virus Infection in Young Children
Authors: Egorova N. Yu. , Molochkova O. V. , Guseva L. N. , Waltz N. L. , Chusov K. P.
Published: December 2018

Under observation were 122 young children (up to 3 years of age), who were identified markers of active forms of herpes virus infections. Markers were studied by PCR in blood, smear from tonsils, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, urine with determination DNA of HSV 1—2 type, EBV, CMV, HHV-6 type, antigens were determined by indirect immunofluorescence in blood lymphocytes, by ELISA in serum — antibodies of the classes IgM and IgG. Herpesvirus infection occurs at an early age and contributes to the formation of various infectious and somatic pathology. In children from birth to 1 year of life, CMV infection in the form of a mono-infection with symptoms of CNS damage, generalized forms, neutropenia is more common (79% of cases). In children aged 1 to 2 years, in 76% of cases, HHV-6 infection is detected, more often in mixed variants. Patients of this group are observed with a long subfebrile condition, neutropenia, infectious mononucleosis. In the third year of life, there is an increase in infection of children with EBV, with approximately the same frequency of EBV and HHV-6, most often in mixed forms, the clinical manifestations of which is a typical symptom complex of infectious mononucleosis. At this age, the active persistence of herpes viruses contributes to the formation of a group of frequently ill children. Thus, when examining young children with various pathologies, it is necessary to diagnose herpes virus infection using modern methods to detect its active forms for the timely administration of etiotropic therapy.
The Effectiveness of Immunomodulatory Therapy of Community-acquired Pneumonia in Frequently ill Children
Authors: Malanicheva T. G. , Agafonova E. V.
Published: December 2018

The aim of the work is to study the indicators of local and systemic immunity in frequently ill children with community-acquired therapy to improve the methods of therapy. 55 children with community-acquired pneumonia and recurrent respiratory diseases (8 or more per year) aged from 3 to 7 years were examined. In the main group (n= 30), on the background of standard therapy, the children received the immunomodulator azoximerе bromide. In the comparison group (n= 25), the children received conventional therapy. Assessment of the state of systemic and mucosal immunity was carried out in dynamics before treatment and after therapy. It was shown that the inclusion of azoxymere bromide leads to an optimal correction of cellular immunity, phagocytic activity of neutrophils, as well as systemic and local cytokine profile. Clinical efficacy is manifested by a reduction in the duration of the febrile period, more rapid relief of intoxication syndromes, respiratory and local pulmonary changes.
China in Africa: Neo-Colonial Power or “Win-Win” Strategy?
Authors: Deych T. L.
Published: December 2018

The article deals with China’s policy in Africa in the last decade. As the analysis shows, China is increasing steadily its presence in Africa, not only in the countries rich in resources, although the resources, especially oil, remain of particular importance for the Chinese economy, but also in the poor in natural resources and little attractive from the strategic point of view states. The author analyzes the features of China’s diplomacy on the continent, China-Africa trade relations, the activities of Beijing as a donor and investor in Africa. Special attention is paid to “One belt – one road” initiative, which takes the important place in today’s China strategy, and to role, which African countries, located on the crossroads of the land and sea “silk roads”, play in this initiative. The Chinese strategy envisages the implementation of infrastructure projects, including the construction of railways and highways, aviation communications, energy projects, industrial parks, and construction of seaports in coastal countries. The growth of Beijing’s investments in African economy and the expansion of the spheres of its influence on the continent are the subjects of close attention of politicians, scientists and media. On the one hand, they link with China’s policy the economic growth of African countries, some of which have entered into the ranks of the fastest growing states of the world. On the other hand, they accuse Beijing in “neo-colonial policy”, claiming that China is guided by its own interests, far from the African interests, and violates human rights and environmental standards in struggle for resources. The author concludes that an objective analysis of the various aspects of Beijing’s activities in Africa in the last decade, as well as the assessment of this activity by Africans in the course of interviews, may allow to establish the truth.
India – Africa: Trade and Investments in the XXI Century
Authors: Bragina E. A.
Published: December 2018

In article commercial relations and investment streams between India and the countries of Africa in the conditions of globalization of the XXI century are considered. Scales and filling of their economic interaction are significantly differ, determined by the level of development of national economy and features of external demand for the made production. High need of the countries of Africa for inflow of foreign investments, especially taking into account strong lag of most of them in development of own research and development remains. In intercontinental communications o f Africa the high activity is characteristic of India which government in 2002 has adopted the program “In focus Africa”, aimed at continuous development of economic contacts with the countries of the continent. The considerable share in their GDP of the shadow sector remains essential negative feature of economic structures of the countries of Africa and India. It not only complicates adequate assessment of the economic processes happening in these countries, but also has an adverse effect on efficiency of the state institutes. It was designated, though uneven on scales, formation of the middle class and, as a result, new types of consumption, demand and their proliferation. Respectively, their domestic markets increase and differentiated that increases interest in access to them for foreign exporters and investors. Special importance is represented by economic policy of India in the relations with the countries of Africa, including with use of “soft power” for further expansion of the positions. The main forms of economic relations of India and the countries of Africa, the growing activity of large business structures, the top-level annual economic summits are considered. In export of the African countries to India the high share of raw materials, first of all agricultural and also hydrocarbons steadily remains. The share of the African oil in the general import of India in 2016 has made 15%. Along with traditional presence in the African and South Asian markets of the leading countries of the West, economic influence of China as exporter and investor amplifies. Influence of the Japanese and South Korean capitals grows in competition for the African markets. In February, 2018 the countries of Africa have agreed about creation of the common market. Such prospect will significantly aggravate the competition for economic positions in trade and investments with the countries of African continent.
The Effect of Different Irrigation Interval on Tuber Yield and Quality of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Authors: Salih Salah Abdulla , Abdulrahman Farhan Ahmad , Mahmood Yonis Abdulla
Published: December 2018

Gaining high yield of potato is very crucial for farmer and quality also has a great impact on their production. Beside the quality and yield using the amount of irrigation also important to reduce water lose. The tuber yield and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is impacted by irrigated water. This study was carried out in two respectively season (2017 and 2018) in Halabja province of Kurdistan regional of Iraq to evaluate the impact of irrigation interval on quality and tuber yield in potato cultivars. In this study there are  four irrigation intervals (3,5,7 and 9 days) used by furrow irrigation method which subjected in complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The potato tuber production in 3 day interval showed highest percentage also protein and starch content was recorded highest in both year of cultivation, but the abscisic acid was affected by more irrigation which in 3 day interval irrigation the rate was less than other. Also in 5 day interval irrigation the rate was acceptable because there is no significant difference in terms of tuber yield, protein and starch content if compare with 3 day interval irrigation in particular for those area faced restricted in using water irrigation.
Trend Analysis of Physics Prospective Teachers’ Research: An Effort to Improve The Academic Quality of Physics Study Program
Authors: Chusni Muhammad Minan , Zakwandi Rizki
Published: December 2018

Research should be focused on topics that are appropriate to the needs of the times so that the results of the research can be applied. Students in completing their studies are required to make final assignments in the form of research. Therefore, this study aims to identify the tendency of research of the Physics Education students Indicator the last five years and to determine the theme of educational research studies that allows for further study by Physics Education students in the future. This research was conducted in physics education program with research objects were taken from the written thesis of 2013 until 2017. This research design is a case study with data analysis technique of descriptive qualitative and quantitative. this study found the theme of research studies most studied by Physics Education students were a model of learning and research studies that may still be studied further, namely the evaluation of learning, learning media, and learning strategies on subjects other than temperature and heat and static fluids. The results of this study can be used as a consideration to determine the topic of the thesis and reduce the risk of plagiarism and increase the variety of research in the environment of the study program
How Do We See The Non Luminous Objects? 12-13 Years Old Students’ Mental Representation of Vision
Authors: Ravanis Konstantinos
Published: December 2018

In this paper, we present the findings of a research which has two objectives: firstly, it recorded 12-13 years old (7th grade) students’ mental representation regarding the vision of non-luminous objects, and, secondly, it emphasized on the relative cognitive fields. The research was done through interviews of 107 urban area students in Greece. The students were asked to explain how objects become visible, stressing the following themes: The manner in which our eyes help us see the objects, whether natural or artificial light helps us see the objects and in what way, and if the objects emit light. The data analysis led to the recording of the students' basic mental representation on the one hand, while on the other hand emphasized the reemission or reflection of light by the luminous objects as a basic mental representation.From the research results, it can be concluded that through a teaching intervention based on mental representation we can foster and enhance scientific thinking and learning about light and vision.
Determining X-Ray Effective Energy in Linear Accelerator (LINAC) Radiotherapy Instrument
Authors: Fauziah Fauziah , Abdullah Bualkar
Published: December 2018

This research in determining x-ray effective energy in linear accelerator (Linac) radiotherapy device was done using copper plates at different thicknesses by determining the Half Value Layer (HVL) for each energy. The purpose of this research is to know the amount of effective energy used in radiotherapy linear accelerator. The results showed that the energy of 6 MeV obtained 2,714 MeV of effective energy at HVL 4,500 mm and at the energy of 10 MeV obtained 4,231 MeV of effective energy at HVL 4,500 mm.
The Relationship Between Verbal Ability and Critical Thinking Skill: The Implementation of Susan Loucks Horsley Model
Authors: Wulandari Ana Yuniasti Retno , Nurhayati Nurhayati
Published: December 2018

Susan Loucks Horsley is a learning model that can connect science and technology. This model can help students adapt to the increasingly changing scientific and technology of the 21st century. Students are challenged with issues that require the use of scientific information, technology, verbal ability, critical thinking, and conceptual understanding in making decisions. It is because verbal ability and critical thinking are needed in solving problems hence this research aims to know the correlation of verbal ability with students' critical thinking skill in science learning of vibration, wave and sound material using Susan Loucks Horsley model. The sample of this research is the students of VIII A SMP N 1 Pamekasan. The collecting data technique use tests to measure the students' verbal ability and critical thinking skills. The data analysis uses Pearson correlation. The result of this research shows there is a correlation between verbal ability with students' critical thinking skill in science learning of vibration, wave and sound material using Susan Loucks Horsley model with the value of Pearson correlation coefficient 0,656 and significance 0.000. This research has an implication that the teachers should be appropriate in applying the learning model that can grow the students’ verbal ability and critical thinking skill.
Web-Enhanced Course Based on Problem-Based Learning (PBL): Development of Interactive Learning Media for Basic Physics II
Authors: Diani Rahma , Yuberti Yuberti , Syarlisjiswan Muhammad Ridho
Published: December 2018

This research aims to develop an active learning media in the form of Web-Enhanced Course. This research and development research follows the development steps of Borg & Gall. Data collection instruments used were validation sheets and questionnaires. The assessments’ average score for the feasibility of the product from the material experts is 84.83%, from media experts is 81.76%, and informatics experts are 83.61% in the very feasible category. Furthermore, the percentage of the results of small-group testing is 76.44% and for field-testing is 82.97%. Thus, the developed product is suitable to be used as a media for physics learning. The web is developed using the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) for the Basic Physics II subject
Development of Three-Tier Diagnostics Instruments on Students Misconception Test in Fluid Concept
Authors: Irwansyah Irwansyah , Sukarmin Sukarmin , Harjana Harjana
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this research was to know the validity and reliability of instrument three-tier diagnosis to identify the students’ misconception in fluid concept. The stages of development research that used in this research were (1) The first research and collecting information, (2) planning and designing of development (3) validity and product evaluation. The instrument of the test was tested on 98 students of 3 schools. The instrument has been developed and categorized effectively because it has a valid category with the Aiken validity index value> from table V (0.75) and the reliability of the instrument has a value of 0.96 with a high category. The instrument of three-tier test that developed was able to identify the students' comprehension in students' concept and students' misconception. There are 27,58% students comprehend the concept, 45,29% students did not comprehend the concept, 24,74% students showed that misconception and 2,36% students experienced errors
Scientific Literacy: How is it Evolved to Pre-Service Physics Teacher?
Authors: Chusni Muhammad Minan , Zakwandi Rizki , Hasanah Aan , Malik Adam , Ghazali Adeng Muchtar , Ubaidillah Mujib
Published: December 2018

Scientific literacy is the ability to use scientific knowledge, identify problems, and draw conclusions based on evidence, in order to understand and make decisions about nature and changes that occur in nature as a result of human activity. This study aims to determine the development of physics teacher candidates’ scientific literacy. This is important to prepare the physics teachers in the future. The method used was ex-post facto. The subjects of this research were all students of physics education Department of UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung from the first to the last semester. The data collection used was essayed tests which contained the context of science, the content of science, the process of science, and the attitude of science. Data analysis was done qualitatively and quantitatively. Based on the results of this study, it indicates that the scientific literacy ability possessed by physics teacher candidate students experiencing a continuous development in terms of the context of science, science content, the process of science, and attitude to science. The result of this research may be applied by the Physics Department to make a decision or rule on how to improve the physics student’ literacy level