bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Child–Adult Contract for Prevention of Tobacco Use: “As-Treated” Analysis of a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial (the TOPAS Study) at 3-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Beeres Dorien Tecla , Pulkki-Brännström Anni-Maria , Nilsson Maria , Galanti Maria Rosaria
Published: October 2023

To estimate the effect of a 3-year commitment to remain tobacco free on tobacco uptake among high school students in Sweden. The commitment is developed in the form of a contract between a child and a significant adult, constituting the core component of Tobacco-free Duo (T-Duo), a Swedish school-based tobacco prevention program. Secondary analysis of data from a cluster randomized controlled trial. Participants were 586 students in high schools assigned to the intervention arm of T-Duo. At inception, participants attended grade 7 (i.e., age 12–13). Only students who were tobacco naïve at baseline for the respective outcome and participated in all follow-ups were included. The exposure was defined as signing a 3-year contract with a significant adult, categorized as “stable contract” (3 years contract with the same contract partner), “unstable” (signed a contract sometime during follow-up but this was not sustained over time and/or with the same partner), and “no contract” at all during the intervention period. The primary outcome was having never tried cigarette smoking at the end of grade 9. Exposure and outcomes were self-reported in yearly questionnaires. Of 586 students, 321 (55%) held a stable contract, 204 (35%) an unstable contract, and 61 (10%) did not sign a contract at all. At the end of grade 9 (age 15–16), the relative risk (RR) to remain cigarette free was 1.11 (95% CI 1.00–1.22) (Number Needed to Treat = 10) among students in any type of contract compared to students that did not write a contract at all. The RRs for remaining tobacco free (secondary outcomes) ranged from 1.07 (0.98–1.16) for regular snus use to 1.16 (1.00–1.35) for any type of tobacco use. A commitment to remain tobacco free through a child–adult contract seems to exert a preventive effect on the uptake of tobacco use among Swedish adolescents over 3 school years. The current findings apply to a selected sample of both schools and students. Registration: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN52858080 Date: January 4, 2019, retrospectively registered.
Language-Aware Soft Prompting: Text-to-Text Optimization for Few- and Zero-Shot Adaptation of V &L Models
Authors: Bulat Adrian , Tzimiropoulos Georgios
Published: October 2023

Soft prompt learning has emerged as a promising direction for adapting V &L models to a downstream task using a few training examples. However, current methods significantly overfit the training data suffering from large accuracy degradation when tested on unseen classes from the same domain. In addition, all prior methods operate exclusively under the assumption that both vision and language data is present. To this end, we make the following 5 contributions: (1) To alleviate base class overfitting, we propose a novel Language-Aware Soft Prompting (LASP) learning method by means of a text-to-text cross-entropy loss that maximizes the probability of the learned prompts to be correctly classified with respect to pre-defined hand-crafted textual prompts. (2) To increase the representation capacity of the prompts, we also propose grouped LASP where each group of prompts is optimized with respect to a separate subset of textual prompts. (3) Moreover, we identify a visual-language misalignment introduced by prompt learning and LASP, and more importantly, propose a re-calibration mechanism to address it. (4) Importantly, we show that LASP is inherently amenable to including, during training, virtual classes, i.e. class names for which no visual samples are available, further increasing the robustness of the learned prompts. Expanding for the first time the setting to language-only adaptation, (5) we present a novel zero-shot variant of LASP where no visual samples at all are available for the downstream task. Through evaluations on 11 datasets, we show that our approach (a) significantly outperforms all prior works on soft prompting, and (b) matches and surpasses, for the first time, the accuracy on novel classes obtained by hand-crafted prompts and CLIP for 8 out of 11 test datasets. Finally, (c) we show that our zero-shot variant improves upon CLIP without requiring any extra data. Code will be made available.
Smart waste bin monitoring using IoT for sustainable biomedical waste management
Authors: Ishaq Aliyu , Mohammad Shamsuddeen Jumande , Bello Al-Amin Danladi , Wada Surajo Abubakar , Adebayo Adejimi , Jagun Zainab Toyin
Published: October 2023

Suboptimal management of healthcare waste poses a significant concern that can be effectively tackled by implementing Internet of Things (IoT) solutions to enhance trash monitoring and disposal processes. The potential utilisation of the Internet of Things (IoT) in addressing the requirements associated with biomedical waste management within the Kaduna area was examined. The study included a selection of ten hospitals, chosen based on the criterion of having access to wireless Internet connectivity. The issue of biomedical waste is significant within the healthcare sector since it accounts for a considerable amount of overall waste generation, with estimates ranging from 43.62 to 52.47% across various facilities. Utilisation of (IoT) sensors resulted in the activation of alarms and messages to facilitate the prompt collection of waste. Data collected from these sensors was subjected to analysis to discover patterns and enhance the overall efficiency of waste management practices. The study revealed a positive correlation between the quantity of hospital beds and the daily garbage generated. Notably, hospitals with a higher number of beds were observed to generate a much greater amount of waste per bed. Hazardous waste generated varies by hospital, with one hospital leading in sharps waste (10.98 kgd−1) and chemical waste (21.06 kgd−1). Other hospitals generate considerable amounts of radioactive waste (0.60 kgd−1 and 0.50 kgd−1), pharmaceuticals, and genotoxic waste (16.19 kgd−1), indicating the need for specialised waste management approaches. The study sheds light on the significance of IoT in efficient waste collection and the need for tailored management of hazardous waste.
Lokale Hauptwahl oder nationale Nebenwahl?
Authors: Graeb Frederic , Bernhagen Patrick
Published: October 2023

Kommunalwahlen werden nicht zuletzt aufgrund ihrer geringen Wahlbeteiligung häufig als nationale Nebenwahlen betrachtet. Die Fokussierung der Nebenwahlperspektive auf nationale Einflussfaktoren führt jedoch zu einer Unterbewertung lokaler Heterogenität. Der Artikel untersucht, inwiefern lokale Kontextfaktoren, insbesondere Gemeindegröße, Wahl- und Parteiensysteme sowie die wahrgenommene Bedeutung der kommunalen Ebene einen Beitrag zur Erklärung von Beteiligungsunterschieden zwischen Kommunalwahlen leisten. Dazu analysieren wir die Wahlbeteiligung bei den Kommunalwahlen 2014 in neun Bundesländern. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Wahlsysteme freier Listen einen negativen Einfluss auf die Wahlbeteiligung haben. Die Erwartung, dass die kommunale Wahlbeteiligung mit steigender Gemeindegröße abnimmt, kann hingegen nur mit Einschränkung bestätigt werden. Auch kann ein Einfluss des lokalen Parteiensystems nur unter Vorbehalt nachgewiesen werden. Gemeinden mit nationalisiertem Parteiensystem genießen zwar eine höhere Wahlbeteiligung, aber der Effekt ist nur von geringem Umfang und kann lediglich auf der Aggregatdatenebene geschätzt werden. In Einklang mit der Nebenwahlthese zeigt sich schließlich, dass die Wahrscheinlichkeit der individuellen Wahlteilnahme mit der wahrgenommenen Bedeutung der Kommunalwahlen steigt.
Phase Transformation-Induced Interfacial Debonding of Silica Inclusions in Iron
Authors: Hernández-Escobar David , Slagter Alejandra , Gheysen Julie , Mortensen Andreas
Published: October 2023

We document that in unstressed, undeformed, samples of pure iron containing silica inclusions precipitated by melt deoxidation, the iron matrix and a small fraction of the silica inclusions are locally separated at room temperature by a void. Thermal cycling, picnometry, dilatometry, and nano-holotomography experiments are combined to demonstrate that those voids originate from silica inclusion/iron matrix interfacial debonding during cooldown from elevated processing temperatures, resulting from the volumetric expansion that accompanies the austenite-to-ferrite phase transformation.
Cross-Validating the Atypical Response Scale of the TSI-2 in a Sample of Motor Vehicle Collision Survivors
Authors: Nussbaum Shayna H. , Ales Francesca , Giromini Luciano , Watson Mark , Erdodi Laszlo
Published: October 2023

This study was designed to evaluate the utility of the Atypical Responses (ATR) scale of the Trauma Symptom Inventory – Second Edition (TSI-2) as a symptom validity test (SVT) in a medicolegal sample. Archival data were collected from a consecutive case sequence of 99 patients referred for neuropsychological evaluation following a motor vehicle collision. The ATR’s classification accuracy was computed against criterion measures consisting of composite indices based on SVTs and performance validity tests (PVTs). An ATR cutoff of ≥ 9 emerged as the optimal cutoff, producing a good combination of sensitivity (.35-.53) and specificity (.92-.95) to the criterion SVT, correctly classifying 71–79% of the sample. Predictably, classification accuracy was lower against PVTs as criterion measures (.26-.37 sensitivity at .90-.93 specificity, correctly classifying 66–69% of the sample). The originally proposed ATR cutoff (≥ 15) was prohibitively conservative, resulting in a 90–95% false negative rate. In contrast, although the more liberal alternative (≥ 8) fell short of the specificity standard (.89), it was associated with notably higher sensitivity (.43-.68) and the highest overall classification accuracy (71–82% of the sample). Non-credible symptom report was a stronger confound on the posttraumatic stress scale of the TSI-2 than that of the Personality Assessment Inventory. The ATR demonstrated its clinical utility in identifying non-credible symptom report (and to a lesser extent, invalid performance) in a medicolegal setting, with ≥ 9 emerging as the optimal cutoff. The ATR demonstrated its potential to serve as a quick (potentially stand-alone) screener for the overall credibility of neuropsychological deficits. More research is needed in patients with different clinical characteristics assessed in different settings to establish the generalizability of the findings.
Paleoclimatic Influence on the Evolution of the Late Quaternary Clastic Sediments, Northwestern Arabian Sea
Authors: Dev Vikas , Sahu Anil Kumar , Kumar Suman , Rai A.K. , Das S.S.
Published: October 2023

Sedimentological characteristics of the clastic sediments deposited in the Northwestern Arabian Sea at the ODP core sites 723A and 722B are used to reconstruct the paleoclimatic changes recorded during the last 150 kyrs. ODP site 723A is situated at 808 m water depth on the continental margin of Oman, whereas ODP site 722B is located at 2028 m water depth on the Owen Ridge. Clay minerals such as palygorskite, illite, chlorite, smectite, kaolinite, and non-clay minerals, quartz and feldspar, are present in both cores. However, palygorskite and illite dominated the clay mineral assemblage at core 723A, and illite dominated over palygorskite in the clay mineral assemblage at core 722B. Illites are dominantly well crystalline, with slightly poorer crystallinity occurring during Holocene and inter-glacial stages. Chemically illites are Mg-rich with slightly Al-rich illites associated with aforesaid stages. The higher values of all moisture-clay based humidity tools (ratios of kaolinite/ illite, kaolinite/chlorite, smectite /(illite+chlorite), kaolinite/ palygorskite) are dominantly associated with stronger monsoon based weathering during the interglacial stages, Holocene and interstadial events. The increased total carbonate, elemental concentrations (calcium, barium and phosphorous) and decreased magnetic susceptibility values correlate with the enhanced monsoon intensities during the above events. Glacial stages and millennial-scale drier events (Heinrich, Younger Dryas and stadial events) are marked by the massive influx of wind borne terrigenous material, dominated by clay minerals with higher silicon and aluminium contents; they have increased sediment accumulation rates at both sites. The clay proxies and other sedimentological data demonstrate monsoonal oscillations at 40, 23, 6.3, 4.4 and 3.5kyr cycles in Milankovitch and sub-Milankovitch time scales. The present study suggests that the detritus are mainly eolian and primarily originated from the nearby continental areas of Oman, the Arabian Peninsula, Persian Gulf and Iran-Makran regions. The northwesterly wind played a significant role in sediment transportation into the present sites throughout the studied period. The southwest summer and northeast winter monsoon winds played minor roles in the above activity during the interglacial and glacial stages, respectively. The Indus River discharges (predominantly of glacial origin), although low, have contributed some clay minerals in the deeper water core site.
A Comprehensive Study of the Armoured Mud Balls of Tajpur Coast, India
Authors: Das Dibyajyoti , Majumder Arijit
Published: October 2023

Flow velocity required for erosion of soft-sediment like mud is somewhat of the same order of magnitude as required to erode gravels because of the cohesiveness of mud. Tajpur beach, extreme south of West Bengal experiences erosion of muddy sediments and the outcome is mud balls, a rounded sedimentary structure, consisting of clay material. Desiccation cracks, bioturbation structures with low energetic waves are the root causes for the formation of mud balls. A detailed analysis shows that dimension of the mud balls has no control over their orientation. A trend in-between the transport distance and shape is found like that mud balls are deformed into rod like shapes as they cover longer distance from the source. Break up of cohesive soft-sediment provides fine sediment into the sand dominating environment, but attention needs in terms of management and protection of this sedimentary environment owing to coastal erosion.
International Symposium on Foraminifera, FORAMS 2023, Perugia, Italy
Authors: Subba Rohan , Ghosh Anupam
Published: October 2023

No Abstract Found
Obesity as a risk factor in atrial fibrillation and heart failure
Authors: Jurica Jakub , Péč Martin Jozef , Benko Jakub , Bolek Tomáš , Galajda Peter , Mokáň Marián , Samoš Matej
Published: October 2023

Objectives

The aim of this article is to provide an insight into the role of obesity as a risk factor, and as a potential etiologic agent of atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF).

Methods

A narrative (non-systematic) review article summarizing currently available data regarding the interaction between obesity, AF and HF.

Results

Obesity is considered a risk factor of AF and chronic HF. Multiple recent studies indicate that obesity is also a potential causal factor in the development of AF and HF, the elucidation of pathological mechanisms of which could help devise new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for these conditions. The discussion about obesity in relation to HF cannot omit the so-called obesity paradox, which represents a dilemma for clinicians, and it is still a source of irregularities regarding the strategy of weight reduction in obese patients with HF. Recently, the obesity paradox has also been assumed to play a role in the relationship between obesity and thromboembolic complications of AF.

Conclusions

Obesity is an independent and modifiable risk factor for AF and HF. In addition, there is an increasing volume of experimental and clinical data that suggests an important role of the epicardial adipose tissue in the pathophysiology of AF. However, several issues, such as the issue of optimal pharmacotherapy and weight reduction strategy in obese patients with HF remains still unanswered, and open for future investigation.
Development and initial validation of the trait and state Mindful Eating Behaviour Scales
Authors: Mantzios Michail
Published: October 2023

Purpose

The quantitative assessment of mindful eating has been challenging, even with the latest additions to the field of multifactorial mindful eating psychometric tools. This manuscript presents the development, validity and reliability assessment of a trait and state Mindful Eating Behaviour Scale across four studies driven by recent theory (Mantzios in Nutr Health 27: 1–5, 2021).

Methods

Study 1 assessed the content validity of the scale through ratings of clinical and research experts in the field. Study 2 inspected the scale through exploratory and confirmatory factor, parallel, correlation, and reliability analyses. Study 3 assessed the temporal stability through a test–retest in a 2-week interval. Study 4 assessed the scale in a randomized control experimental design, where a mindful eating (vs. control group) received the trait scale before consuming chocolate, and an equivalent state scale was modified to assess state changes during the 10-min eating session.

Results

Study 1 yielded items to be reflective and concise of the definition of mindful eating behaviour. Study 2 indicated 2 potential factors through exploratory factor analyses, which were further verified through a parallel analysis, while subscales correlation indicated one-dimensionality, which was further verified through confirmatory factor analysis. In addition, the internal consistency of the scale and subscales was good. Study 3 certified the reliability of the scale over time, while Study 4 indicated that both the trait and state scales were significant indicators of eating mindfully.

Conclusions

Together, all studies signal the utility of theoretically sound and empirically validated measurements for the replicable assessment of mindful eating behaviour.

Level of evidence: No level of evidence: basic science.
Minding the gap: discovering the phenomenon of chemical transmission in the nervous system
Authors: Bechtel William
Published: October 2023

The neuron doctrine, according to which nerves consist of discontinuous neurons, presented investigators with the challenge of determining what activities occurred between them or between them and muscles. One group of researchers, dubbed the sparks, viewed the electrical current in one neuron as inducing a current in the next neuron or in muscles. For them there was no gap between the activities of neurons or neurons and muscles that required filling with a new type of activity. A competing group, the soups, came to argue for chemicals, subsequently referred to neurotransmitters, as carrying out the activities between neurons or between neurons and muscles. But even for them the conclusion that chemicals performed this activity was only arrived over time. I examine the prolonged period in which proponents of chemical transmission developed their account and challenged the sparks. My goal is to illuminate the epistemic processes that led to the discovery of a new scientific phenomenon—chemical transmission between neurons.
Freiheit in Maßen
Authors: Lammers Philipp
Published: October 2023

Der Blankvers als ›ungebundener‹ Vers ist seit seiner Entstehung in der Renaissance Objekt lebhafter Diskussionen um die Freiheit der Dichtung. Grundlage dieser Diskussionen ist der Reim, dessen Fehlen neue Möglichkeiten der Darstellung eröffnet. Gegen die Fesseln des Reims wird der Blankvers im 18. Jahrhundert zunehmend zu einer Freiheitsform stilisiert, so die These des Artikels. Der Beitrag stellt die europaweiten Diskurse um den tragischen Blankvers bis 1800 ins Zentrum seiner Betrachtung. Er untersucht, welche poetologischen Potenziale der Form zugeschrieben und welche historischen und politischen Vorstellungen mit dem reimlosen Vers verknüpft werden.
Pflicht, Supererogation oder Pflicht zur Supererogation?
Authors: Tömmel Tatjana Noemi
Published: October 2023

Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist es, den normativen Status der elterlichen Fürsorgearbeit zu klären: Fällt sie unter die Kategorie des Supererogatorischen, des Obligatorischen oder bewegt sie sich im Zwischenbereich der Quasi-Supererogation oder der erzwungenen Supererogation?
Obwohl supererogatorische Akte eine große Affinität zu der selbstlosen Fürsorge haben, die nach weit verbreiteter Auffassung die Haltung von Eltern auszeichnet, wurde der Status der Elternschaft innerhalb der Supererogationstheorie kaum diskutiert oder sogar explizit ausgeklammert. Durch die Verbindung der Supererogationstheorie mit aktuellen Diskursen innerhalb der Familienethik wird die Frage diskutiert, inwieweit Elternschaft, elterliche Fürsorge oder einzelne im Rahmen der Elternschaft auftretenden Handlungen oder Haltungen als obligatorisch, supererogatorisch oder erzwungen supererogatorisch verstanden werden können. Dabei argumentiert der Beitrag für folgende vier Thesen:
(1) Überhaupt Kinder zu bekommen, ist supererogatorisch; (2) Mit der Übernahme der Elternrolle entstehen weitreichende spezifische Verpflichtungen zur Wohltätigkeit, die außerhalb der Eltern-Kind-Beziehung als supererogatorisch gelten würden; (3) Bestimmte elterliche Handlungen und Haltungen können quasi-supererogatorisch oder supererogatorisch sein. (4) Paradoxerweise sind Eltern oft zu supererogatorischen Handlungen verpflichtet bzw. gezwungen.
Das primäre Ziel des Beitrages liegt in der analytischen Klärung des ethischen Status’ parentaler Handlungen und Haltungen. Angesichts der besonderen moralischen Anforderungen an Eltern werden im letzten Abschnitt kurz erläutert, dass die Gesellschaft als ganze Hilfspflichten hat, Eltern darin zu unterstützen, ihre außergewöhnlichen Pflichten erfüllen zu können.
Evaluating trap and lure combinations using Biotraps and Lynfield traps for the surveillance of Queensland fruit fly Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and other tephritids in southern New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Dominiak B. C. , Bain C , Sharma N , Cooper D
Published: October 2023

Fruit fly surveillance remains essential for international and domestic trade. The dry cuelure baited Lynfield trap has been the Australian standard since the early 1990s. Here, we tested the two versions of Biotraps against the Lynfield traps in the Riverina area of New South Wales. The Biotraps using a protein gel performed significantly better in trapping Island fly and female Queensland fruit fly. Also, Biotraps were assessed as at least equal to or superior to Lynfield traps for trapping male Queensland fruit fly. However, the number of Newman fly trapped exhibited no significant difference between the two trap types in both time periods A and B. We discuss differences in trap architecture, toxicants and lures between the two traps, along with benefits for storage and transport.
From Theory to Implementation in Practice: A Qualitative Case Study of the Implementation of Virtual Reality in Mental Healthcare
Authors: Kip Hanneke , Buitelaar-Huijsse Gillian K. G. , Kouijzer Marileen T. E. , Kelders Saskia M.
Published: October 2023

While virtual reality (VR) shows much promise for treatment of psychiatric disorders, it is not widely used in practice. Models as the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) can be used to guide implementation, but not much is known about how to translate these models into concrete implementation processes. To identify relevant implementation factors, accompanying objectives and strategies, and points of improvement for the implementation of VR in mental healthcare. This case study took place at two organizations for mental healthcare. In Phase 1, an implementation plan with factors, objectives and strategies was developed based on the CFIR, previous research, and experiences from practice. In Phase 2, therapists’ experiences with the implementation process were identified via interviews. Deductive coding with the previously identified factors was used to investigate if and how the factors were experienced and to identify points of improvement regarding the accompanying objectives and strategies. Implementation factors, objectives, and strategies were identified for five domains: characteristics of therapists, patients, the intervention, inner setting and outer setting. In the interviews, few factors related to patients and the outer setting were identified. Points of improvement were related to available time for using VR, suitable skills training, and integration in treatment protocols and organizational structures. Our study showed that most formulated implementation factors were experienced by participants, but that there was room for improvement. Our findings underline the need for systematic and iterative development of multi-level implementation interventions, inspired by theories and framework from behavioural sciences.
Boosting vs. nudging sustainable energy consumption: a long-term comparative field test in a residential context
Authors: Paunov Yavor , Grüne-Yanoff Till
Published: October 2023

Boosts and nudges are two separate types of behavioral public policies, distinguished by the mechanisms through which they operate. We investigated whether this theoretical distinction translates into different effects when instances of these policy types are implemented in the context of energy consumption. In a long-term field randomized controlled trial, we competitively tested boosts against nudges. We found that boosts outperform nudges throughout a seven-month period in a student dormitory setting – both in terms of accumulated energy savings, as well as in keeping consumption consistently low during the experimental period. Furthermore, we explored the processes behind the boosts and nudges through a number of mechanistic markers and showed that the tested interventions indeed are instances of the respective types.
The Political Force of Memory: The Making and Unmaking of Brexit as an Event
Authors: Krawatzek Félix , Pestel Friedemann
Published: October 2023

What qualifies as a political event is a core question for social and historical research. This article argues that the use of temporal structures in narratives of political and social developments contributes significantly to the making and unmaking of events. We show how arguments that draw upon history play a particularly important role in transforming the everyday unfolding of politics into discernable events with a clear time bracket. Through this lens, we investigate the 2016 Brexit referendum as an event that has triggered extensive debates about both Europe’s experiences of the past and political expectations for its future. Conflicting assessments of history are crucial for understanding how and when Brexit became an event of European significance and why it then ceased to be so. This case also enables us to distinguish more clearly between the agent-centered focus on the event itself, and the analytical ex-post assessment as a critical juncture. Methodologically, the article demonstrates the value of a multi-perspective approach for qualitative analyses with a focus on Brexit narratives articulated across several EU countries and the United Kingdom.
Capital Structure with Information about the Upside and the Downside
Authors: Chaigneau Pierre
Published: October 2023

I introduce two dimensions of uncertainty, about the upside and the downside of an asset, in a model of asset valuation under asymmetric information. This justifies capital structures with equity and risky debt for information revelation purposes. However, a capital structure with only one information-sensitive security, equity, can be optimal when investors are less informed about the dimension that matters more for valuation. This is relevant for innovative firms with a large upside subject to strong information asymmetries, which often have abnormally low leverage, and for firms at an intermediate stage of their life cycle that do not issue risky debt.
Exploring high-protein diets in the context of cardiac rehabilitation
Authors: Davies Ian G.
Published: October 2023

The review aims to explore the potential benefit and risk of high-protein diets (HPD) regarding the comorbidity of sarcopoenia and CVD in the setting of cardiac rehabilitation (CR). CR is standard care for individuals who have experienced a cardiac event, but the current practice of predominantly aerobic exercise, a lower-fat diet and weight loss poorly addresses the issue of sarcopoenia. HPD, especially when combined with resistance exercise (RE), may be valuable adjuncts to current CR practice and benefit both muscle and cardiovascular health. Meta-analyses and randomised controlled trials of HPD and CVD risk show beneficial but variable effects regarding weight loss, the lipid profile, insulin resistance and lean body mass in those living with or high risk of CVD. Meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies on hard CVD endpoints favour lower- and plant-protein diets over higher animal protein, but the evidence is inconsistent. HPD augment the strength and muscle gaining benefits of RE in older populations, but there are no published data in those living with CVD providing promising opportunities for CR research. HPD raise concern regarding renal and bone health, the microbiome, branched chain amino acids and environmental sustainability and findings suggest that plant-based HPD may confer ecological and overall health advantages compared to animal-based HPD. However, incorporating RE with HPD might alleviate certain health risks. In conclusion, a largely plant-based HPD is deemed favourable for CR when combined with RE, but further research regarding efficacy and safety in CR populations is needed.
Kinematic modeling and hybrid motion planning for wheeled-legged rovers to traverse challenging terrains
Authors: Zhu Bike , He Jun , Sun Jiaze
Published: October 2023

This paper presents a kinematics modeling and hybrid motion planning framework for wheeled-legged rovers. It is a unified solution for wheeled-legged rovers to traverse multiple challenging terrains using hybrid locomotion. A kinematic model is first established to describe the rover’s motions. Then, a hybrid motion planning framework is proposed to determine the rover’s gait patterns and parameterize the legs’ and the body’s trajectories. Furthermore, an optimization algorithm based on B-spline is utilized to minimize the motors’ energy dissipation and generate smooth trajectories. The wheeled and legged hybridization allows the rover for faster locomotion while maintaining high stability. Besides, it also improves the rover’s ability to overcome obstacles. Prototype experiments are carried out in more complex environments to verify the rover’s flexibility and maneuverability to traverse irregular terrains. The proposed algorithm reduces the swing amplitude by 83.3% compared to purely legged locomotion.
Anomalous hepatic drainage and platypnea-orthodeoxia in cyanotic children
Authors: Bichali Saïd , Soquet Jérôme , Bouzguenda Ivan , Lérisson Héloïse , Ung Alexandre , Pontana François , Godart François , Le Duc Kévin , Nuytten Alexandra , Houeijeh Ali
Published: October 2023

The aetiology of cyanosis could be unclear in children, even for specialised paediatricians. Two cases were reported: first, a 6-year-old child with features of left isomerism and Fallot was fortuitously diagnosed with anomalous hepatic venous drainage before complete repair. Second, a newborn with an antenatal diagnosis of ductus venosus agenesis had an isolated intermittent right-to-left atrial shunt when upright, with favourable outcome, in contrast to the association with significant heart malformations including inferior caval vein interruption. Multimodality imaging and 3D printing helped to rule out extracardiac causes of persistent cyanosis and plan surgical repair.
Explore the Mutual Benefits of Studying the Rights of Sexual Minority People in Hong Kong Confucianism
Authors: Yu Sam Wai-Kam , Yue Jack Wai Chik
Published: October 2023

This paper intends to investigate the mutual benefits of examining sexual minority people’s rights in Hong Kong and Confucianism. It has four objectives. Firstly, it aims to discuss the components of Confucianism. Secondly, it seeks to explore three strategies for promoting Confucianism: ‘Ren’, ‘Li’, and ‘Ideal Society’. Thirdly, it aims to demonstrate how analysing these strategies can enhance our understanding of the relationship between sexual minority rights in Hong Kong and Confucianism. To achieve this objective, it undertakes two analytical tasks: first, to evaluate criticisms of efforts aimed at strengthening sexual minority people’s rights in Hong Kong through the lens of these three strategies; and second, to assess the potential usefulness of these strategies in exploring the compatibility between the sexual minority people’s ways of life and Confucianism. Finally, the paper aims to examine how studying sexual minority people’s rights in Hong Kong can contribute to the discussion of the Confucian welfare model.
How do psychosocial and cultural factors influence sleep and circadian health disparities?
Authors: Sephton Sandra E. , Kay Daniel B.
Published: October 2023

Sleep and circadian health disparities are persistent differences in sleep characteristics and circadian rhythms that have adverse outcomes and disproportionately affect vulnerable, marginalized, disadvantaged, minority, and minoritized populations. Inequalities in sleep duration, efficiency, timing, regularity, alertness, and quality are manifestations of and contributors to social injustice. Populations known to experience sleep and circadian health disparities include adolescents, indigenous people, refugees, asylum seekers, migrants, immigrants, racial and ethnic minorities, sexual and gender minorities, women, pregnant people, older adults, individuals with mental and physical illness or disabilities, some religious groups, the socioeconomically disadvantaged, the homeless, and those living in underserved rural areas (Billings et al 2021; Garbers et al 2023 Huber et al 2022; Moore et al 2023; Nandagiri et al 2023; Richter et al 2020; Roncoroni et al 2022; Schneeberger et al 2019; Yang et al 2023; Zarhin 2023). A nascent literature has begun to identify potential psycho-social-cultural determinants of sleep and circadian health disparities including social categorization, social identity, intersectionality, social power structures, socio-structural constraints, social, political, and economic context, discrimination, prejudice, and cultural sleep values (Billings et al 2021; Grandner et al 2016; Majeno et al 2023; Zarhin 2023). Many other factors are yet to be discovered. Research that informs our understanding of the factors that contribute to sleep and circadian health disparities can lead to tailored approaches for specific populations that are sensitive to sociocultural contexts, thereby improving health throughout the world (Etindele Sosso et al 2021).
Spaced Retrieval Effects on Learning Capacity in Patients With	Mild-to-Moderate Cognitive Impairment
Authors: de la Rosa Gámiz María Dolores , González-Moreno Jesús , Cantero-García María
Published: October 2023

Abstract: Spaced retrieval (SR) improves the learning capacity of patients with memory deficits, while evidence on its long-term and generalization to other untrained measures is quite inconsistent. This systematic review was to analyze evidence on the SR effectiveness on recall performance, follow-up, and generalization measures in patients with cognitive impairment. A systematic search on PUBMED, MEDLINE, Web of Science, PubPsych, and ProQuest was performed between November 2020 and January 2021. The benefit effect of SR on direct, generalization, and long-term measures did not significantly differ from other learning techniques and the effect sizes even increased when SR was combined with another method. Effects on generalization depended on the similarity between the trained and untrained material. Existing evidence on SR remains quite scarce, mainly based on studies with moderate methodological quality giving rise to very heterogeneous results. Further investigation is still needed to overcome previous methodological limits and extend evidence to the immediate and long-term effects of the simultaneous application of different learning methods.
High‐Resolution Large‐Eddy Simulations of Flow in the Complex Terrain of the Canadian Rockies
Authors: Rohanizadegan Mina , Petrone Richard M. , Pomeroy John W. , Kosovic Branko , Muñoz‐Esparza Domingo , Helgason Warren D.
Published: October 2023

Improving the calculation of land‐atmosphere fluxes of heat and water vapor in mountain terrain requires better resolution of thermally driven diurnal winds (i.e., valley, slope winds) due to differential heating by terrain and radiative fluxes. In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting model is used to simulate flow in large‐eddy simulation (LES) mode over the complex terrain of the Fortress Mountain and Marmot Creek research basins, Kananaskis Valley, Canadian Rockies, Alberta in mid‐summer. The model was used to examine the temporal and spatial evolution of local winds and near‐surface boundary layer processes with variability in topography and elevation. Numerically resolving complex terrain wind flow effects require smaller grid cell size. However, the use of terrain‐following coordinates in most numerical weather prediction models results in large numerical errors when flow over steep terrain is simulated. These errors propagate through the domain and can result in numerical instability. To avoid this issue when simulating flow over steep terrain a local smoothing approach was used, where smoothing is applied only where slope exceeds some predetermined threshold. LES results from local smoothing were compared with a mesoscale model and LES with global smoothing. Simulations are evaluated using sounding data and meteorological stations. The differences in flow patterns and reversals in two mountain basins suggest that valley geometry and volume is relevant to the break up of inversion layers, removal of cold‐air pools, and strength of thermally driven winds.
Rates of Groundwater Depletion in India Could Triple by Midcentury
Authors: Pardikar Rishika
Published: October 2023

Climate change is contributing to crop stress associated with a growing demand for freshwater.
Snow‐Atmosphere Humidity Exchange at the Ice Sheet Surface Alters Annual Mean Climate Signals in Ice Core Records
Authors: Dietrich Laura J. , Steen‐Larsen Hans Christian , Wahl Sonja , Jones Tyler R. , Town Michael S. , Werner Martin
Published: October 2023

Surface processes alter the water stable isotope signal of the surface snow after deposition. However, it remains an open question to which extent surface post‐depositional processes should be considered when inferring past climate information from ice core records. Here, we present simulations for the Greenland Ice Sheet, combining outputs from two climate models with an isotope‐enabled snowpack model. We show that surface vapor exchange and associated fractionation imprint a climate signal into the firn, resulting in an increase in the annual mean value of δ18O by +2.3‰ and a reduction in d‐excess by −6.3‰. Further, implementing isotopic fractionation during surface vapor exchange improves the representation of the observed seasonal amplitude in δ18O from 65.0% to 100.2%. Our results stress that surface vapor exchange is important in the climate proxy signal formation and needs consideration when interpreting ice core climate records.
Jovian Magnetospheric Injections Observed by the Hubble Space Telescope and Juno
Authors: Nichols J. D. , Allegrini F. , Bagenal F. , Bonfond B. , Clark G. B. , Clarke J. T. , Connerney J. E. P. , Cowley S. W. H. , Ebert R. W. , Gladstone G. R. , Grodent D. , Haggerty D. K. , Mauk B. , Orton G. S. , Provan G. , Wilson R. J.
Published: October 2023

We compare Hubble Space Telescope observations of Jupiter's FUV auroras with contemporaneous conjugate Juno in situ observations in the equatorial middle magnetosphere of Jupiter. We show that bright patches on and equatorward of the main emission are associated with hot plasma injections driven by ongoing active magnetospheric convection. During the interval that Juno crossed the magnetic field lines threading the complex of auroral patches, a series of energetic particle injection signatures were observed, and immediately prior, the plasma data exhibited flux tube interchange events indicating ongoing convection. This presents the first direct evidence that auroral morphology previously termed “strong injections” is indeed a manifestation of magnetospheric injections, and that this morphology indicates that Jupiter's magnetosphere is undergoing an interval of active iogenic plasma outflow.
Hydrologic and Organic Carbon Quality Controls on Nitrous Oxide Dynamics Across a Variably Confined Karst Aquifer
Authors: Flint M. K. , Martin J. B. , Oberhelman A. , Janelle A. J. , Black M. , Barry‐Sosa A. , Christner B. C.
Published: October 2023

Atmospheric concentrations of the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) have increased approximately 20% since the pre‐industrial era. Riverine systems represent an important atmospheric source of N2O however, the influence of varying hydrogeological conditions and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) quantity and quality on N2O dynamics remains poorly understood. We investigate effects of these processes on N2O dynamics in the Santa Fe River watershed in north‐central Florida, USA where a gradient in DOC quantity and quality is caused by varying surface water‐groundwater exchange. The watershed is underlain by the karstic Floridan aquifer, which is confined in the headwaters and contains terrigenous recalcitrant DOC, while the unconfined lower reaches contain protein‐like labile DOC substrates. Where extensive surface water‐groundwater exchange occurs at the boundary between the confined and unconfined aquifer, incomplete denitrification raises N2O concentration to 6.1 μg N‐N2O L−1, approximately 20 times greater than the concentration expected from equilibration with atmospheric N2O. These elevated concentrations create average local fluxes reaching ∼950 μg N‐N2O m−2 hr−1 within the mixing zone. Summation of spatially explicit emission estimates for upstream, mixing zone, and downstream river sections yield a total average emission rate of ∼3,758 kg N‐N2O yr−1. Despite having the smallest surface area across the river transect (∼8%), emissions from the mixing zone account for 26% of the total river emission rate. These findings highlight the potential contributions from karst landscapes to N2O cycling caused by varying redox conditions during surface water‐groundwater exchange, which creates hotspots of N2O production and emissions.
Tumor-repopulating cell-derived microparticles elicit cascade amplification of chemotherapy-induced antitumor immunity to boost anti-PD-1 therapy
Authors: Bie Nana , Yong Tuying , Wei Zhaohan , Liang Qingle , Zhang Xiaoqiong , Li Shiyu , Li Xin , Li Jianye , Gan Lu , Yang Xiangliang
Published: October 2023

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, particularly antibodies targeting the programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1), has revolutionized cancer treatment. However, its efficacy as a standalone therapy remains limited. Although ICB therapy in combination with chemotherapy shows promising therapeutic responses, the challenge lies in amplifying chemotherapy-induced antitumor immunity effectively. This relies on efficient drug delivery to tumor cells and robust antigen presentation by dendritic cells (DCs). Here, we developed tumor-repopulating cell (TRC)-derived microparticles with exceptional tumor targeting to deliver doxorubicin (DOX@3D-MPs) for improve anti-PD-1 therapy. DOX@3D-MPs effectively elicit immunogenic tumor cell death to release sufficient tumor antigens. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) overexpressed in DOX@3D-MPs contributes to capturing tumor antigens, promoting their phagocytosis by DCs, and facilitating DCs maturation, leading to the activation of CD8+ T cells. DOX@3D-MPs significantly enhance the curative response of anti-PD-1 treatment in large subcutaneous H22 hepatoma, orthotopic 4T1 breast tumor and Panc02 pancreatic tumor models. These results demonstrate that DOX@3D-MPs hold promise as agents to improve the response rate to ICB therapy and generate long-lasting immune memory to prevent tumor relapse.
Characteristics of premanufacture CD8+ T cells determine CAR-T efficacy in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Wang Yao , Tong Chuan , Lu Yuting , Wu Zhiqiang , Guo Yelei , Liu Yang , Wei Jianshu , Wang Chunmeng , Yang Qingming , Han Weidong
Published: October 2023

Although chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have become an important treatment option for patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies, more than 60% of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with CAR-T cell therapies fail to achieve a durable response. To reveal changes in CAR-T cell therapy and identify response biomarkers, we conducted a retrospective analysis of pre-manufacture source T cells and CAR-T cell products and their association with outcome in 58 patients with r/rDLBCL who received tandem CD19/CD20 CAR-T cell therapy. We performed bulk RNA-Seq, single-cell RNA-Seq, and paired T cell receptor sequencing on CAR-T cell products and pre-manufacture T cells from DLBCL patients. We note that a CD8+ stem cell-like memory T cell population with a higher proportion and enhanced activating capacity of the CAR-T cell products was key to achieving durable clinical response. By analysing autologously-derived, pre-manufacture T cells, our data suggest that heterogeneity in the cellular and molecular features of pre-manufacture T cells contribute to the variation in efficacy after CAR-T cell therapy in DLBCL. The differences in anti-tumour efficacy of CAR-T cells among patients with different clinical outcomes appear to be due to the loss of CCR7 gene expression, coupled with increased expression of activation- and inhibitor-related genes in the CD8+ naïve-T cell populations among the apheresis T cells from patients with a poor molecular response. These findings significantly advance our understanding of the underlying molecular determinants of pre-manufacture T cell function.