bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Orientationally-averaged diffusion-attenuated magnetic resonance signal for locally-anisotropic diffusion
Authors: Herberthson Magnus , Yolcu Cem , Knutsson Hans , Westin Carl-Fredrik , Özarslan Evren
Published: March 2019

Diffusion-attenuated MR signal for heterogeneous media has been represented as a sum of signals from anisotropic Gaussian sub-domains to the extent that this approximation is permissible. Any effect of macroscopic (global or ensemble) anisotropy in the signal can be removed by averaging the signal values obtained by differently oriented experimental schemes. The resulting average signal is identical to what one would get if the micro-domains are isotropically (e.g., randomly) distributed with respect to orientation, which is the case for “powdered” specimens. We provide exact expressions for the orientationally-averaged signal obtained via general gradient waveforms when the microdomains are characterized by a general diffusion tensor possibly featuring three distinct eigenvalues. This extends earlier results which covered only axisymmetric diffusion as well as measurement tensors. Our results are expected to be useful in not only multidimensional diffusion MR but also solid-state NMR spectroscopy due to the mathematical similarities in the two fields.
Early ontogeny social deprivation modifies future agonistic behaviour in crayfish
Authors: Patoka Jiří , Kalous Lukáš , Bartoš Luděk
Published: March 2019

Social deprivation early in life affects further individual development and leads to irreversible behavioural alterations later in life. Although the syndrome is well-studied in vertebrates including humans, its presence in invertebrates has been described only in eusocial insects and cockroaches. Here we show the first evidence of social deprivation in subsocial decapod crustaceans, based on analysis of video-recorded agonistic encounters of juvenile red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii, Girard). In comparison with maternally incubated juveniles, isolated crayfish had altered repertoires, numbers and frequency of agonistic interactions similar to those described in vertebrates. Our results support the view on the syndrome of social deprivation as a ubiquitous trait in species with developed maternal care across diverse taxa.
Single-trial classification of awareness state during anesthesia by measuring critical dynamics of global brain activity
Authors: Alonso Leandro M. , Solovey Guillermo , Yanagawa Toru , Proekt Alex , Cecchi Guillermo A. , Magnasco Marcelo O.
Published: March 2019

In daily life, in the operating room and in the laboratory, the operational way to assess wakefulness and consciousness is through responsiveness. A number of studies suggest that the awake, conscious state is not the default behavior of an assembly of neurons, but rather a very special state of activity that has to be actively maintained and curated to support its functional properties. Thus responsiveness is a feature that requires active maintenance, such as a homeostatic mechanism to balance excitation and inhibition. In this work we developed a method for monitoring such maintenance processes, focusing on a specific signature of their behavior derived from the theory of dynamical systems: stability analysis of dynamical modes. When such mechanisms are at work, their modes of activity are at marginal stability, neither damped (stable) nor exponentially growing (unstable) but rather hovering in between. We have previously shown that, conversely, under induction of anesthesia those modes become more stable and thus less responsive, then reversed upon emergence to wakefulness. We take advantage of this effect to build a single-trial classifier which detects whether a subject is awake or unconscious achieving high performance. We show that our approach can be developed into a means for intra-operative monitoring of the depth of anesthesia, an application of fundamental importance to modern clinical practice.
Glycosaminoglycans influence enzyme activity of MMP2 and MMP2/TIMP3 complex formation - Insights at cellular and molecular level
Authors: Ruiz-Gómez Gloria , Vogel Sarah , Möller Stephanie , Pisabarro M. Teresa , Hempel Ute
Published: March 2019

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a highly dynamic network constantly remodeled by a fine-tuned protein formation and degradation balance. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) constitute key orchestrators of ECM degradation. Their activity is controlled by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) and glycosaminoglycans (GAG). Here, we investigated the molecular interplay of MMP2 with different GAG (chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronan (HA), sulfated hyaluronan (SH) and heparin (HE)) and the impact of GAG on MMP2/TIMP3 complex formation using in vitro-experiments with human bone marrow stromal cells, in silico docking and molecular dynamics simulations. SH and HE influenced MMP2 and TIMP3 protein levels and MMP2 activity. Only SH supported the alignment of both proteins in fibrillar-like structures, which, based on our molecular models, would be due to a stabilization of the interactions between MMP2-hemopexin domain and TIMP3-C-terminal tail. Dependent on the temporal sequential order in which the final ternary complex was formed, our models indicated that SH and HA can affect TIMP3-induced MMP2 inhibition through precluding or supporting their interactions, respectively. Our combined experimental and theoretical approach provides valuable new insights on how GAG interfere with MMP2 activity and MMP2/TIMP3 complex formation. The results obtained evidence GAG as promising molecules for fine-balanced intervention of ECM remodeling.
White matter microstructural abnormalities and default network degeneration are associated with early memory deficit in Alzheimer’s disease continuum
Authors: Ji Fang , Pasternak Ofer , Ng Kwun Kei , Chong Joanna Su Xian , Liu Siwei , Zhang Liwen , Shim Hee Youn , Loke Yng Miin , Tan Boon Yeow , Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy , Chen Christopher Li-Hsian , Zhou Juan Helen
Published: March 2019

Instead of assuming a constant relationship between brain abnormalities and memory impairment, we aimed to examine the stage-dependent contributions of multimodal brain structural and functional deterioration to memory impairment in the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continuum. We assessed grey matter volume, white matter (WM) microstructural measures (free-water (FW) and FW-corrected fractional anisotropy), and functional connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) in 54 amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and 46 AD. We employed a novel sparse varying coefficient model to investigate how the associations between abnormal brain measures and memory impairment varied throughout disease continuum. We found lower functional connectivity in the DMN was related to worse memory across AD continuum. Higher widespread white matter FW and lower fractional anisotropy in the fornix showed a stronger association with memory impairment in the early aMCI stage; such WM-memory associations then decreased with increased dementia severity. Notably, the effect of the DMN atrophy occurred in early aMCI stage, while the effect of the medial temporal atrophy occurred in the AD stage. Our study provided evidence to support the hypothetical progression models underlying memory dysfunction in AD cascade and underscored the importance of FW increases and DMN degeneration in early stage of memory deficit.
What is the most effective local anesthesia for transrectal ultrasonography-guided biopsy of the prostate? A systematic review and network meta-analysis of 47 randomized clinical trials
Authors: Kim Do Kyung , Lee Joo Yong , Jung Jae Hung , Hah Yoon Soo , Koo Kyo Chul , Lee Kwang Suk , Chung Byung Ha , Cho Kang Su
Published: March 2019

We aimed to compare the effectiveness of various local anesthetic methods for controlling prostate biopsy (PBx) related pain using network meta-analysis. Literature searches were performed on PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library up to March 2018. Forty-seven randomized controlled trials, in which the effectiveness of PBx-related pain was investigated using a visual analogue scale after various local anesthetic methods, were included. The local anesthetic methods included intraprostatic local anesthesia (IPLA), intrarectal local anesthesia (IRLA), intravenous sedation (IVS), periprostatic nerve block (PNB), pelvic plexus block (PPB), and spinal anesthesia (SPA). Eight pairwise meta-analyses and network meta-analyses with 21 comparisons were performed. All modalities, except single use of IPLA and IRLA, were more effective than placebo. Our results demonstrate that PNB + IVS (rank 1) and SPA (rank 2) were the most effective methods for pain control. The followings are in order of PPB + IRLA, PNB + IPLA, PPB, PNB + IRLA, IVS, and PNB. In conclusion, the most effective way to alleviate PBx-related pain appears to be PNB + IVS and SPA. However, a potential increase in medical cost and additional risk of morbidities should be considered. In the current outpatient setting, PPB + IRLA, PNB + IPLA, PPB, PNB + IRLA, and PNB methods are potentially more acceptable options.
Extensive use of Fish Aggregating Devices together with environmental change influenced the spatial distribution of a tropical affinity fish
Authors: Sinopoli Mauro , Lauria Valentina , Garofalo Germana , Maggio Teresa , Cillari Tiziana
Published: March 2019

Since the early 1990s of last century the spread of Caranx crysos a thermophilic fish species in the Mediterranean Sea has increased due to sea warming. Simultaneously, a large and unregulated use of fish aggregating devices has been recorded, and these devices seem to influence fish spatial distributions. Here we used a multidisciplinary approach to investigate the influence of environmental change and FAD presence on the spatial distribution of the tropical affinity fish species Caranx crysos across the Mediterranean Sea. Data suggested that the presence of C. crysos has increased progressively since 1990 towards the northwest side of the Mediterranean Sea, with the greatest number of recent findings occurring in zones with higher densities of FADs. The spatial distribution models show how the extensive use of FADs in combination with changes in environmental conditions may have indirectly facilitated the spread of the thermophillic C. crysos population across the Mediterranean Sea.
Inflammation Predicts Decision-Making Characterized by Impulsivity, Present Focus, and an Inability to Delay Gratification
Authors: Gassen Jeffrey , Prokosch Marjorie L. , Eimerbrink Micah J. , Proffitt Leyva Randi P. , White Jordon D. , Peterman Julia L. , Burgess Adam , Cheek Dennis J. , Kreutzer Andreas , Nicolas Sylis C. , Boehm Gary W. , Hill Sarah E.
Published: March 2019

Here, we propose a novel theoretical model linking present-focused decision-making to the activities of the immune system. We tested our model by examining the relationship between inflammatory activity – in vivo and in vitro – and decision-making characterized by impulsivity, present focus, and an inability to delay gratification. Results support our model, revealing that inflammation predicts these outcomes even after controlling for factors that may contribute to a spurious linkage between them. Moreover, subsequent analyses revealed that our model was a better fit for the data than alternative models using present-focused decision-making and its health-harming behavioural sequelae (e.g., smoking, risky sexual behaviour) to predict inflammation, lending support for the proposed directionality of this relationship. Together, these results suggest that inflammation may contribute to decision-making patterns that can result in undesirable personal and societal outcomes.
Structural-Controlled Synthesis of Highly Efficient Visible Light TiO2 Photocatalyst via One-Step Single-Mode Microwave Assisted Reaction
Authors: Kato Kunihiko , Xin Yunzi , Shirai Takashi
Published: March 2019

TiO2 with different chemical structures are successfully synthesized via a one-step single-mode magnetic microwave (SMMW) assisted process, during where Ti selectively oxidizes in magnetic field under Ar-O2 mixed atmosphere. The chemical state and band structure of the as-prepared TiO2 are well-controlled by changing the volume fraction of O2 (φO2) during SMMW synthesis. Ti3+ self-doped TiO2 (TiO2−x, 0 < x < 2) is synthesized under lower φO2, while TiO2 with specific core/shell structure (TiO2+y core/TiO2−x-TiO2+z shell) is observed under higher φO2. The as-synthesized TiO2 with controlled structures show sufficient light absorption in visible region and quite narrow bandgap (2.05 eV∼), whose value can be also tuned by φO2 during SMMW synthesis. In addition, the synthesized TiO2 exhibits highly efficient photocatalytic performance towards the degradation of Rhodamine B under UV and visible light irradiation. The formation mechanism for different structural TiO2 can be attributed to the specific rapid heating and cooling dynamics induced by SMMW irradiation.
Comprehensive Experimental System for a Promising Model Organism Candidate for Marine Teleosts
Authors: Sakaguchi Keishi , Yoneda Michio , Sakai Noriyoshi , Nakashima Kanako , Kitano Hajime , Matsuyama Michiya
Published: March 2019

A comprehensive experimental system for Japanese anchovy, a promising candidate model organism for marine teleosts, was established. Through the design of a rearing/spawning facility that controls the photoperiod and water temperature, one-cell eggs were continuously obtained shortly after spawning throughout the rearing period. The stages of eggs are indispensable for microinjection experiments, and we developed an efficient and robust microinjection system for the Japanese anchovy. Embryos injected with GFP mRNA showed strong whole-body GFP fluorescence and the survival rates of injected- and non-injected embryos were not significantly different, 87.5% (28 in 32 embryos) and 90.0% (45 in 50 embryos), respectively. We verified that the Tol2 transposon system, which mediates gene transfer in vertebrates, worked efficiently in the Japanese anchovy using the transient transgenesis protocol, with GFP or DsRed as the reporter gene. Finally, we confirmed that genome-editing technologies, namely Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALEN) and Clustered Regulatory Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9, were applicable to the Japanese anchovy. In practice, specific gene-disrupted fishes were generated in the F1 generation. These results demonstrated the establishment of a basic, yet comprehensive, experimental system, which could be employed to undertake experiments using the Japanese anchovy as a model organism for marine teleost fish.
Nerve electrical stimulation enhances osseointegration of implants in the beagle
Authors: Zhou Ping , He Fei , Liu Bin , Wei Shicheng
Published: March 2019

Dental implantation has been the primary method for the treatment of tooth loss, but longer than 3 months healing times are generally required. Because immediate load implants are suitable only for certain categories of implant patients, it has value to develop a novel method to facilitate the implant-bone osseointegration process. Cylindrical titanium implants were implanted in the tooth sockets of beagles, and microelectrode stimulation of the sympathetic nerves in the infraorbital nerve was performed after implantation for 1 week. The authors found that one-sided nerve stimulation was shown to evoke consistent electric potential changes in both sides of the infraorbital nerves. Moreover, after 4 weeks of implantation, more new bone was clearly observed around the implants in the beagles that received electrical stimulation treatment than was observed in the control animals. Furthermore, a higher mineralization density was measured in the new peri-implant bone tissues of the stimulated beagles when compared to controls. These results demonstrate that the simple and safe physical method of microelectrode stimulation to sympathetic nerves can promote the formation of new bone and the osseointegration of implants. This technique is worth promoting and has the potential to reduce the healing time of dental implantation in future clinical cases.
Genetic divergence of native palms of Oenocarpus distichus considering biometric fruit variables
Authors: Mendes Gleidson Guilherme Caldas , de Gusmão Mônica Trindade Abreu , Martins Thales Guilherme Vaz , Rosado Renato Domiciano Silva , Sobrinho Rayanne Savina Alencar , Nunes Andrei Caíque Pires , Ribeiro Wellington Souto , Zanuncio José Cola
Published: March 2019

Oenocarpus distichus presents economic, ecological, and dietary potential for pulp market processed in natura. Germplasm conservation and genetic improvement depend on genetic divergence studies. The objective was to quantify genetic divergence in a native population of O. distichus genotypes based on fruit biometrics. The fruit length and width, fruit mass, pulp and seed, pulp and almond thickness, and pulp yield per fruit were evaluated. All fruit biometric characteristics of O. distichus palms show genetic variability. Genetic variations among genotypes are essential for predicting heredity and heterosis, which are essential for improving O. distichus production. Pulp yield and seed mass were negatively correlated. Almond thickness and pulp, seed mass and transverse diameter were positively correlated. Genetic distances between pair of genotypes ranged from 0.07 to 48.10 with three genetically distinct groups. The seed mass, almond thickness and transverse diameter contributed to genetic divergence. Heritability estimates the genetic control that can be obtained from O. distichus germplasm. Correlations between the variable pair reduce the evaluation effort and the resources to measure the genotype allocations in heterogeneous groups presenting high genetic variability. This makes it possible to select individuals for hybridization programs with F1 generation gains. Correlation and relative contribution networks, based on relationships graphical between fruit biometric characteristics, allow the variables selection with less effort and fewer measurements. O. distichus fruit biometric characters are efficient to quantify genetic divergence between genotypes.
Aircraft measurement campaign on summer cloud microphysical properties over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Chang Yi , Guo Xueliang , Tang Jie , Lu Guangxian
Published: March 2019

We reported the first aircraft campaign on summer cloud microphysical properties conducted in July of 2014 over the Tibetan Plateau during the third Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Sciences Experiment (TIPEX-III), and demonstrated that the summer clouds over the Tibetan Plateau were primarily characterized as mixed-phase cumulus clouds induced by strong solar radiation heating. Moreover, the characteristic number concentration of cloud droplets (2~50 μm in diameter) in developing cumuli was around 10 cm−3, which was about 1~2 orders of magnitudes lower than other continent and ocean regions, and that for large drops (>50 μm in diameter) was around 10−3 cm−3, which was also lower than other regions. The droplet spectrum distributions (DSDs) of cloud drops were much wider than other regions, indicating that the cumulus clouds over the plateau could form precipitation easier than that in other regions. Ice microphysics was characterized as very active glaciation and riming processes with high supercooled water content, which caused the formation of high concentration of graupel particles in clouds. The findings of this study suggest that these unique cloud microphysical properties formed by the high topography and clean environment of the Tibetan Plateau could induce higher precipitation efficiency when airflow passed over the plateau, so that the plateau could act as a regional “water tower”.
Ionic conductivity of solid polyelectrolyte complexes with varying water content: application of the dynamic structure model
Authors: Ostendorf A. , Schönhoff M. , Cramer C.
Published: March 2019

We present a systematic study of the dc conductivity of solid polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) of type xPSS PSS·(1 − xPSS) PDADMA as a function of temperature, and of PSS and water content, respectively. The data are discussed in the framework of the dynamic structure model.
3,2,1 and stop! An innovative, straightforward and clean route for the flash synthesis of metallacarboranes
Authors: Bennour Ines , Cioran Ana M. , Teixidor Francesc , Viñas Clara
Published: March 2019

Analogs to metallocene can be synthesised in high yield by heating solids [HNMe3][C2B9H12]/CoCl2·xH2O to high temperature for very short time.
High modulus, enzyme-degradable poly(trimethylene carbonate)–peptide biohybrid networks formed from triblock prepolymers
Authors: Taghavi Shadi , Brissenden Amanda , Amsden Brian G.
Published: March 2019

Biohybrid networks have the potential to have stiffnesses equivalent to that of native soft connective tissues as well as cell-mediated degradation behavior.
Ultrafast carrier dynamics in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Li Yuanzheng , Shi Jia , Mi Yang , Sui Xinyu , Xu Haiyang , Liu Xinfeng
Published: March 2019

This review briefly covers several typical topics of ultrafast carrier dynamics in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) such as many-body effects, ultrafast nonradiative recombination, intervalley transfer of carriers, high-energy C exciton cooling, and carrier dynamics in TMD-based heterostructures.
Substituent changes in the salen ligands of CuIINaI-complexes to induce various structures and catalytic activities towards 2-imidazolines from nitriles and 1,2-diaminopropane
Authors: Li Quan-Quan , He Peng-Xiu , Zhang Jin , Zhang Ji-Dong , Xin Yu-Meng , Liu Ping , Wang Yao-Yu , Li Jian-Li
Published: March 2019

We, for the first time, describe the effect of different salen substituents on the synthesis of 2-imidazolines catalyzed by CuIINaI-salen complexes.
Synthesis of cAAC stabilized biradical of “Me2Si” and “Me2SiCl” monoradical from Me2SiCl2 – an important feedstock material
Authors: Sinhababu Soumen , Kundu Subrata , Siddiqui Mujahuddin M. , Paesch Alexander N. , Herbst-Irmer Regine , Schwederski Brigitte , Saha Pinaki , Zhao Lili , Frenking Gernot , Kaim Wolfgang , Stalke Dietmar , Roesky Herbert W.
Published: March 2019

Synthesis, structures, EPR & theoretical calculations of cAAC stabilized bi- and monoradical of “Me2Si” and “Me2SiCl” respectively have been reported from industrially used Me2SiCl2.
The solid state of pharmaceuticals
Authors: Edkins Katharina , Cruz-Cabeza Aurora J.
Published: March 2019

Welcome to this CrystEngComm themed issue entitled “The solid state of pharmaceuticals.”
Theoretical study on the regioselective photoisomerization of asymmetric N,C-chelate organoboron compounds
Authors: Li Fang-Ping , Zhu Hong-Yang , Li Quan-Song , Li Ze-Sheng
Published: March 2019

Steric and electronic factors are responsible for the regioselective photoisomerization of B(ppy)MesPh based on detailed mechanisms obtained by quantum chemical calculations.
3,4-Hydroxypyridinone-modified carbon quantum dot as a highly sensitive and selective fluorescent probe for the rapid detection of uranyl ions
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Zhang Duo , Shi Cen , Liu Wei , Chen Lanhua , Miao Yu , Diwu Juan , Li Jianli , Wang Shuao
Published: March 2019

3,4-Hydroxypyridinone-modified carbon quantum dots were prepared via a post-modification approach by introducing a specific molecule into the CQD surface, and applied to the field of rapid detection of uranyl ions.
One-pot aqueous synthesis of ultrathin trimetallic PdPtCu nanosheets for the electrooxidation of alcohols
Authors: Lv Hao , Sun Lizhi , Xu Dongdong , Suib Steven L. , Liu Ben
Published: March 2019

Ultrathin PdPtCu nanosheets were prepared by a facile, eco-friendly, and low-cost synthetic method and exhibited remarkably enhanced performances towards various electrocatalytic alcohol oxidations due to synergistic structural and compositional advantages.
The rational design of hierarchical MoS2 nanosheet hollow spheres sandwiched between carbon and TiO2@graphite as an improved anode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Faze , Li Fanggang , Zheng Maojun , Li Yanbo , Ma Li
Published: March 2019

Hierarchical MoS2 nanosheet hollow sphere is sandwiched by graphite and amorphous carbon shell, showing high reversible specific capacity and cycling stability for lithium storage.
Synthesis of core–shell-structured mesoporous silica nanospheres with dual-pores for biphasic catalysis
Authors: Wei Juan , Zou Like , Li Yulong , Zhang Xiaoming
Published: March 2019

A combination of a sol–gel process and oil–water biphase stratification was developed to fabricate dual-pore structured MSN.
Experimental and computational studies on the synthesis of diastereoselective natural-based Meldrum spiro dibenzofuran derivatives
Authors: Dastoorani Parvaneh , Khalilzadeh Mohammad A. , Khaleghi Fatemeh , Maghsoodlou Malek Taher , Kaminsky Werner , Shokuhi Rad Ali
Published: March 2019

Herein, a novel route to achieve chiral Meldrum spiro dibenzofuran derivatives was developed, which involved a 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione (Meldrum's acid)-mediated Knoevenagel reaction of substituted aryl halides, followed by a Diels–Alder reaction with euparin as a natural compound.
Strong circularly polarized electroluminescence based on chiral salen-Zn(ii) complex monomer chromophores
Authors: Chen Yihan , Li Xiaojing , Li Nengquan , Quan Yiwu , Cheng Yixiang , Tang Yanfeng
Published: March 2019

Circularly polarized organic light-emitting diodes were fabricated by using salen-Zn(ii) complex enantiomers (R-/S-ZnL) as the emitting layer, obtaining 1000 cd m−2, 0.181 cd A−1 and 0.074 lm W−1 for the maximum brightness, current efficiency and power efficiency. With an electroluminescence dissymmetry factor of up to +0.05/−0.05.
An etching–redeposition isomerization process for the shape control of anatase TiO2 nanocrystals
Authors: Yuan Xiaolei , Cao Muhan , Jiang Xiaojing , Chen Lei , Hu Huicheng , Zhang Yong , Wu Linzhong , Liu Yiding , Zhang Qiao
Published: March 2019

Anatase TiO2 nanorods can be transformed into nanocrystals with exposed (001) facets through an etching–redeposition isomerization process.
Photocatalytic borylcyclopropanation of α-boryl styrenes
Authors: Ohtani Tsuyoshi , Tsuchiya Yuto , Uraguchi Daisuke , Ooi Takashi
Published: March 2019

A diastereoselective borylcyclopropanation of α-MIDA-boryl styrenes is developed using 4CzIPN as a catalyst under visible-light irradiation. The scope of this photocatalytic method is explored, and the utility of the resulting doubly borylated cyclopropanes is demonstrated by the selective transformations of one of the two boryl groups.
Polyaniline/chitosan as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic medium
Authors: Kong Peipei , Feng Huixia , Chen Nali , Lu Yong , Li Shiyou , Wang Peng
Published: March 2019

One-pot synthesis route for PANI/CTS preparation. The inhibition performance of PANI/CTS on metal corrosion in 0.5 M HCl was studied using electrochemical measurements and quantum chemical calculations.
Facile preparation of amidoxime-functionalized Fe3O4@SiO2-g-PAMAM-AO magnetic composites for enhanced adsorption of Pb(ii) and Ni(ii) from aqueous solution
Authors: Yimin Dai , Danyang Liu , Jiaqi Zou , Shengyun Wang , Yi Zhou
Published: March 2019

In this paper, using amidoxime as a functional monomer, different generations of polyamidoxime dendrimer magnetic microspheres (Fe3O4@SiO2-g-PAMAM-AO) were fabricated to adsorb Pb2+ and Ni2+ in aqueous solution.
Wash-stable, oxidation resistant conductive cotton electrodes for wearable electronics
Authors: Wanwong Sompit , Sangkhun Weradesh , Homayounfar S. Zohreh , Park Kwang-Won , Andrew Trisha L.
Published: March 2019

Poly(perflurododecyacrylate) encapsulated, silver-coated cotton electrodes that retained low surface resistance, being water-repellent and oxidative resistance was created for wearable electronics.
Synthesis ofN-aryl β-amino acid derivativesviaCu(ii)-catalyzed asymmetric 1,4-reduction in air
Authors: Li Min , Xia Hong-Feng , Yang Li-Yao , Hong Tao , Xie Lin-Jie , Li Shijun , Wu Jing
Published: March 2019

Non-precious metal copper-catalyzed asymmetric 1,4-hydrosilylation of β-aryl or β-alkyl-substitutedN-aryl β-enamino esters proceeded in air in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities (26 examples, 90–98% ee).
Flow mediated metal-free PET-RAFT polymerisation for upscaled and consistent polymer production
Authors: Corrigan Nathaniel , Zhernakov Leonid , Hashim Muhammad Hazim , Xu Jiangtao , Boyer Cyrille
Published: March 2019

A slug flow process has been utilised in conjunction with metal-free photopolymerisation to produce well-defined polymers with outstanding consistency.
Nickel-catalyzed C–N bond activation: activated primary amines as alkylating reagents in reductive cross-coupling
Authors: Yue Huifeng , Zhu Chen , Shen Li , Geng Qiuyang , Hock Katharina J. , Yuan Tingting , Cavallo Luigi , Rueping Magnus
Published: March 2019

The reductive cross coupling of pyridinium salts derived from readily available primary alkyl amines with aryl halides has been achieved under mild reaction conditions using a nickel catalyst.
Zinc-assisted mechanochemical coating of a reduced graphene oxide thin layer on silicon microparticles to achieve efficient lithium-ion battery anodes
Authors: Zhao Zhongqiang , Cai Xin , Yu Xiaoyuan , Wang Hongqiang , Li Qingyu , Fang Yueping
Published: March 2019

Novel core/shell structured silicon/reduced graphene oxide anode materials were fabricated through a facile zinc-assisted mechanochemical route.
A versatile strategy for mechanically durable nanocomposite cryogels based on cationic (alkyl)methacrylates and hydrophilic bentonite via freezing (cryo)polymerization
Authors: Tanc Beril , Orakdogen Nermin
Published: March 2019

A simple strategy for the preparation of organic–inorganic (alkyl)methacrylate-based nanocomposite gels was established via freezing (cryo)polymerization.
Hierarchical Ni2P/Cr2CTx(MXene) composites with oxidized surface groups as efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting
Authors: Cheng Yuwen , Zhang Yumin , Li Yue , Dai Jianhong , Song Yan
Published: March 2019

The hierarchical Ni2P/Cr2CTxcomposite could be an effective medium for achieving a promising bifunctional electrocatalysis for overall water splitting.
Scalable preparation of hierarchical porous activated carbon/graphene composites for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Huang Yilun , Shi Yunkai , Gong Qianming , Weng Mouyi , Li Yuyao , Gan Jianning , Wang Dazhi , Shao Yang , Zhao Ming , Zhuang Daming , Liang Ji , Pan Feng , Zhu Hongwei , Nan Cewen
Published: March 2019

Graphene-covered activated carbon with excellent capacitive performances was prepared by a controllable strategy, which is verified by calculations and experiments.
Core–shell structured zero-valent manganese (ZVM): a novel nanoadsorbent for efficient removal of As(iii) and As(v) from drinking water
Authors: Panda Amulya Prasad , Rout Priyanka , Jena Kishore K. , Alhassan Saeed M. , Kumar Sanjukta A. , Jha Usha , Dey R. K. , Swain S. K.
Published: March 2019

Unique core–shell structured zero-valent manganese (ZVM) was synthesized and efficiently used for the removal of As(iii) and As(v) from drinking water.
In situ incorporation of cobalt nanoclusters and nitrogen into the carbon matrix: a bifunctional catalyst for the oxygen depolarized cathode and chlorine evolution in HCl electrolysis
Authors: Singh Vikram , Nagaiah Tharamani C.
Published: March 2019

The co-insertion of both cobalt and nitrogen into the carbon matrix was achieved from single precursor without any templates. The obtained Co-NSC catalyst was explored bifunctionally towards both oxygen depolarized cathode and chlorine evolution under HCl electrolysis conditions.
Simultaneously achieving thermal insulation and rapid water transport in sugarcane stems for efficient solar steam generation
Authors: Liu Jie , Liu Qinglei , Ma Dongling , Yuan Yang , Yao Jiahao , Zhang Wang , Su Huilan , Su Yishi , Gu Jiajun , Zhang Di
Published: March 2019

High-efficiency solar steam generators are facilely constructed based on a bifunctional bio-structure of sugarcane stem.
Charge-mediated cation deposition on metallic surfaces
Authors: Longo Roberto C. , Camacho-Forero Luis E. , Balbuena Perla B.
Published: March 2019

An applied potential modifies the reaction energy pathway favoring cation electrodeposition at the electrochemical interface.
Novel NiPt alloy nanoparticle decorated 2D layered g-C3N4 nanosheets: a highly efficient catalyst for hydrogen generation from hydrous hydrazine
Authors: Wan Chao , Sun Lin , Xu Lixin , Cheng Dang-guo , Chen Fengqiu , Zhan Xiaoli , Yang Yongrong
Published: March 2019

By virtue of the synergistic electronic effect among nickel, platinum, and g-C3N4 nanosheets (NSs), the prepared Ni0.6Pt0.4/g-C3N4 NSs exhibit improved dehydrogenation of hydrous hydrazine with a turnover frequency (TOF) value as high as 2194 h−1 at 323 K.
Treated rape pollen: a metal-free visible-light-driven photocatalyst from nature for efficient water disinfection
Authors: Wang Bo , Jiang Zhifeng , Yu Jimmy C.
Published: March 2019

Treated rape pollen from nature is an excellent visible-light-driven metal-free photocatalyst for water disinfection.
A general method for constructing robust, flexible and freestanding MXene@metal anodes for high-performance potassium-ion batteries
Authors: Tian Yuan , An Yongling , Xiong Shenglin , Feng Jinkui , Qian Yitai
Published: March 2019

Flexible and free-standing MXene@Sb paper was fabricated via a general electrodeposition technique, and, in the form of anodes for potassium-ion batteries, it delivered enhanced electrochemical performance.
Cemented injectable multi-phased porous bone grafts for the treatment of femoral head necrosis
Authors: Zhu Wei , Ma Qi , Borg Sebastian , Öhman Mägi Caroline , Weng Xisheng , Engqvist Håkan , Xia Wei
Published: March 2019

Cemented injectable multi-phased porous bone grafts for the treatment of femoral head necrosis.
One-pot in situ synthesis of CsPbX3@h-BN (X = Cl, Br, I) nanosheet composites with superior thermal stability for white LEDs
Authors: Qiu Lei , Hao Jiarui , Feng Yuxin , Qu Xingyu , Li Guogang , Wei Yi , Xing Gongcheng , Wang Hongquan , Yan Chunjie , Lin Jun
Published: March 2019

Highly thermally and environmentally stable CsPbX3@h-BN composites are constructed via a simple one-pot in situ synthesis strategy, and the corresponding heat dissipation mechanism is proposed based on the enhanced thermal conductivity.
Controllable kinematics of soft polymer actuators induced by interfacial patterning
Authors: Tan Huiyan , Liang Shumin , Yu Xiunan , Song Xiaodong , Huang Wei , Zhang Lidong
Published: March 2019

This work reports a soft bilayer actuator that demonstrates controllable anticlockwise/clockwise wiggling and forward wriggling motions in response to acetone vapor.
Unterscheiden sich Kinder mit und ohne pragmatisch-kommunikative Defizite in ihrer Mediennutzung?
Authors: Ronniger Pola , Rennecke Lisa , Petermann Franz , Melzer Jessica
Published: March 2019

Hintergrund Die Studie befasst sich mit dem Konsum sprachförderlicher Medien (Hörbuch, Buch, Musik) von Kindern mit und ohne Defizite in den pragmatisch-kommunikativen Fähigkeiten.

Methode Es nahmen 104 Kinder im Alter von 48 – 71 Monaten (M = 59,80; SD = 6,71) teil. Anhand einer multivariaten Varianzanalyse wird die Elterneinschätzungen zum Medienkonsum von n = 43 auffälligen (Risikogruppe, RG) und n = 61 unauffälligen (Vergleichsgruppe, VG) Kindern verglichen. Für die Gruppeneinteilung wurden die Ergebnisse der Elterncheckliste (ECL) zur Erfassung der pragmatisch-kommunikativen Fähigkeiten des SET 3 – 5 berücksichtigt (PR ≥ 26 = unauffällig).

Ergebnisse Die RG nutzt Hörbücher/-spiele und Bücher im Durchschnitt signifikant kürzer als die VG.

Diskussion Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass Kinder mit pragmatisch-kommunikativen Defiziten die als besonders sprachförderlich eingeschätzten Medien weniger nutzen.
Der Zusammenhang von Kieferorthopädie und Sprechauffälligkeiten
Authors: Riemekasten Sandra , Peter Birke , Fuchs Michael
Published: March 2019

Erkenntnisse aus der Kontrolle der Gebissentwicklung sind elementar für Ursachenfindung und Therapie von Zahn- und Kieferfehlstellungen, können jedoch ebenso durch diese bedingt sein. Dieser Artikel soll Grundlagen für die Diagnostik und Therapie solcher Störungen darlegen, das Grundwissen hierzu erweitern und eventuelle Wissenslücken auffüllen.
Ionic-Liquid-Supported 1,3-Dimethylimidazolidin-2-one: Application as a Reusable Halogenation Reagent
Authors: Koguchi Shinichi , Shibuya Yuga , Igarashi Yusuke , Takemura Haruka
Published: March 2019

We describe the synthesis of ionic-liquid-supported 1,3-dimethylimidazolidin-2-one, together with the halogenation of alcohols in a reaction system in which this reagent is combined with oxalyl chloride. A new method was established that does not require additives such as bases, and which permits the ready isolation and purification of the product. Good conversions were obtained, and good reusability of the reagent was observed.
Can Automated Retrieval of Data from Emergency Department Physician Notes Enhance the Imaging Order Entry Process?
Authors: Rousseau Justin , Ip Ivan , Raja Ali , Valtchinov Vladimir , Cochon Laila , Schuur Jeremiah , Khorasani Ramin
Published: March 2019

Background When a paucity of clinical information is communicated from ordering physicians to radiologists at the time of radiology order entry, suboptimal imaging interpretations and patient care may result.

Objectives Compare documentation of relevant clinical information in electronic health record (EHR) provider note to computed tomography (CT) order requisition, prior to ordering of head CT for emergency department (ED) patients presenting with headache.

Methods In this institutional review board-approved retrospective observational study performed between April 1, 2013 and September 30, 2014 at an adult quaternary academic hospital, we reviewed data from 666 consecutive ED encounters for patients with headaches who received head CT. The primary outcome was the number of concept unique identifiers (CUIs) relating to headache extracted via ontology-based natural language processing from the history of present illness (HPI) section in ED notes compared with the number of concepts obtained from the imaging order requisition.

Results Our analysis was conducted on cases where the HPI note section was completed prior to image order entry, which occurred in 23.1% (154/666) of encounters. For these 154 encounters, the number of CUIs specific to headache per note extracted from the HPI (median = 3, interquartile range [IQR]: 2–4) was significantly greater than the number of CUIs per encounter obtained from the imaging order requisition (median = 1, IQR: 1–2; Wilcoxon signed rank p < 0.0001). Extracted concepts from notes were distinct from order requisition indications in 92.9% (143/154) of cases.

Conclusion EHR provider notes are a valuable source of relevant clinical information at the time of imaging test ordering. Automated extraction of clinical information from notes to prepopulate imaging order requisitions may improve communication between ordering physicians and radiologists, enhance efficiency of ordering process by reducing redundant data entry, and may help improve clinical relevance of clinical decision support at the time of order entry, potentially reducing provider burnout from extraneous alerts.
Interventional Oncology in Immuno-Oncology Part 2: Transcatheter Therapies
Authors: Dendy Case Meaghan , Slovak Ryan , Raja Junaid , Kim Hyun S.
Published: March 2019

The use of transcatheter embolization in its various forms in interventional oncology has altered the treatment paradigms for multiple types of cancer. Though direct investigation of the immunologic effects of transcatheter treatments has been limited, research on radiation therapy can be extrapolated to better understand the potential effects of radioembolization and studies on the immune response to chemotherapy can potentially explain the immune response to hepatic artery infusion and chemoembolization. Utilization of newer systemic immunotherapies in combination with various transcatheter therapies also presents the potential for improving outcomes for multiple malignancies. This review will discuss the role of transcatheter therapies in stimulating an immune response as well as the potential these techniques have to enhance the effects of systemic immunotherapy.
The Effect of Deep Vein Thrombosis Prophylaxis on Bleeding in Periorbital Surgery in Trauma Patients
Authors: Woernley Timothy Charles , Maida Blake , Melville James , Marchena Jose , Demian Nagi
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study is to assess if there is an increase in postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) or bleeding complications in patients who received perioperative chemical thromboprophylaxis compared with patients in whom chemical thromboprophylaxis was held during periorbital trauma surgery. This is a retrospective chart review of patients undergoing periorbital surgery treated in three different city hospitals, by the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Texas, between August 2014 and December 2016. A total of 237 patients were included in this study. None of these patients suffered a postoperative VTE. A total of 102 patients received perioperative pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis in the form of enoxaparin or heparin. In this group, one patient suffered a buccal space hematoma. Chemical thromboprophylaxis was held in 135 patients preoperatively and for at least 24 hours postoperatively. In this group, one patient suffered a retrobulbar hematoma after repair of an orbital floor fracture. The rate of postoperative bleeding complications was compared by the chi-square test and was not statistically significant ( p = 0.8417).
Effects of pulsed magnetic fields on cilia of comb jelly
Authors: Fukagawa Y. , Iwasaka M.
Published: March 2019

Marine comb jellies utilize cilia, arrays of bundled protein microtubules, for propulsion in water. Previous studies have reported on the orientation of the microtubules in steady electric and magnetic fields. Here, the effects of pulsed magnetic fields up to 2.2 Tesla on cilia fragments was investigated by examining changes in light scattering. Specifically, a comb jelly was placed in electromagnetic coils and illuminated with 472-nm laser light. Light scattering by isolated intact cilia was collected with an optical fiber and ported to a spectrophotometer. After pulsed magnetic field exposure, light scattered parallel to the field oscillated or decreased, depending on the initial cilia alignment with respect to the angle of the incident light. Changes in scattering were also detected for cilia that had been fixed with formalin and had no neural activity. Real-time observations indicated that they were caused by bending of cilia under induced electric fields, suggesting an electromechanical actuator in the comb jelly.
Edaphic properties as key drivers for woody species distributions in tropical savannic and forest habitats
Authors: Rodrigues P. M. S. , Silva J. O. , Schaefer C. E. G. R.
Published: March 2019

Edaphic gradients can explain plant species distribution at a local scale in the neotropics and elsewhere, but few studies have evaluated the individual responses of species to such gradients. We collected data on species and soils in open savannic and forest formations (totalling five habitats in each formation), aiming to evaluate the importance of edaphic factors on the distribution of woody plant species in tropical habitats. Logistic regression was used to test the influence of predictor variables (soil texture and fertility) on plant occurrence (presence or absence). Most species (73%) responded to the edaphic gradients. However, the edaphic gradients did not explain the distribution of the remaining 27% of species, which implies the existence of other factors determining their occurrence. Soil fertility (nutritional status) was the major factor in forest habitats (65% of the species which showed significant response), while soil texture was the most explanatory factor for species occurrence in open habitats (55% of the species that showed a significant response). Thus, nutrient status was less limiting and soil texture was more limiting in savannic formations, whereas the opposite was observed for forest formations. Most species showing a relationship with edaphic gradients had a unimodal response, which is in accordance with the literature. Our study showed that soil properties largely regulate the distribution of plant species in tropical habitats, despite other factors not investigated here also having an effect on several of the studied species. Models of species distribution that take into account environmental heterogeneity are key for the elaboration of strategies for the conservation and restoration of ecosystems.
Current issues in plant cryopreservation and importance for ex situ conservation of threatened Australian native species
Authors: Streczynski Robyn , Clark Hamish , Whelehan Lily M. , Ang Sze-Tieng , Hardstaff Lyndle K. , Funnekotter Bryn , Bunn Eric , Offord Catherine A. , Sommerville Karen D. , Mancera Ricardo L.
Published: March 2019

An alarming proportion of Australia’s unique plant biodiversity is under siege from a variety of environmental threats. Options for in situ conservation are becoming increasingly compromised as encroaching land use, climate change and introduced diseases are highly likely to erode sanctuaries regardless of best intentions. Ex situ conservation is currently limited to botanic garden living collections and seed banking, with in vitro and cryopreservation technologies still being developed to address ex situ conservation of species not amenable to conventional storage. Cryopreservation (storage in liquid nitrogen) has been used successfully for long-term biosecure storage of shoot tips of several species of threatened Australian plants. We present a case for building on this research and fostering further development and utilisation of cryopreservation as the best means of capturing critical germplasm collections of Australian species with special storage requirements (e.g. recalcitrant-seeded taxa and species with short-lived seeds) that currently cannot be preserved effectively by other means. This review highlights the major issues in cryopreservation that can limit survival including ice crystal damage and desiccation, toxicity of cryoprotective agents, membrane damage, oxidative stress and mitochondrial function. Progress in understanding and mitigating these stresses is vital for advancing cryopreservation for conservation purposes.
Evidence for clonality, breeding system, genetic diversity and genetic structure in large and small populations of Melaleuca deanei (Myrtaceae)
Authors: Hewitt Alison , Rymer Paul , Holford Paul , Morris E. Charles , Renshaw Adrian
Published: March 2019

Melaleuca deanei F.Muell. is a rare, serotinous shrub with a naturally restricted distribution centred over the sandstone ridges around Sydney. Sexual reproduction and seedling recruitment occur rarely, and plants appear to spread and persist largely by clonal root suckering. A potentially outcrossing breeding system, combined with extensive clonality, place M. deanei at a high risk of reproductive failure. Knowledge of the extent of its clonality and breeding system, and an understanding of the distribution and abundance of genetic diversity within and among its populations, will assist conservation management. The present study reports on the extent of clonality, breeding system, levels of genetic diversity, and population differentiation within small, medium and large populations of M. deanei from the northern and southern distribution regions. Multiple stems were found to comprise single genets up to ~10 m diameter on the ground and molecular evidence points to an outcrossing breeding system. Genetic diversity was positively correlated with population size and significant genetic differentiation was shown between northern and southern regions using clustering analyses. Recommendations for in situ and ex situ conservation management based on these results are provided.