bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BERBAGI PENGETAHUAN: KINERJA BISNIS DAN INOVASI UKM BORDIR DAN KONVEKSI DI KABUPATEN KUDUS
Authors: Sumekar Kertati , Wismar’en Dian
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan dan menganalisis pengaruh kepercayaan dan  interaksi sosial, terhadap berbagi pengetahuan dan inovasi  dengan kinerja bisnis pada usaha kecil dan menengah industri konveksi di Kabupaten Kudus. Penelitian ini mengambil sampel sebanyak 117 responden. Responden adalah pemilik usaha kecil menengah industri bordir dan konveksi. Temuan teoritis dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kinerja perusahaan dapat dilakukan dengan melalui peningkatan kepercayaan, interaksi sosial, melalui berbagi pengetahuan, Untuk meningkatkan kinerja bisnis dapat dilakukan dengan melalui peningkatan berbagi pengetahuan dan inovasi.  Penelitian ini menyumbang temuan dalam teori modal sosial, dan teori inovasi, didalam menjelaskan peran berbagi pengetahuan sebagai variabel yang memediasi variabel-variabel modal sosial
Cross-Sectoral Engagement in the Eradication of Schistosomiasis in Indonesia
Authors: Gunawan Gunawan , Widjaja Junus , Frederika Sumolang Phetisya Pamela , Anastasia Hayani
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: Indonesia has planned a roadmap to eradicate schistosomiasis and achieved the elimination of schistosomiasis by 2025. Through cooperation between the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of National Development Planning or the National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas). The roadmap is a reference to plan the shared action multiple sectors, central-regional and communal coordinated by the National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas) and Development Planning Agency at Sub-national Level (Bappeda).

OBJECTIVE: analyzing cross-sectoral involvement in 2019 in efforts to eradicate schistosomiasis. The research method is to analyze data and information regarding the schistosomiasis control program in 2019.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data and information in the study came from six Regional Apparatus Organizations (OPD) in Poso and seven OPDs in Sigi Central Sulawesi.

RESULT: This study reveals that, based on the roadmap to eradicate schistosomiasis, mass treatment regarding schistosomiasis for humans is 70-94%; mass medication for livestock is 50%; surveillance on intermediate snails, humans, and animals is 70-94%; 6,000 animals and 49%; the campaigns for behavioral changes and an increase in community participation in 18 villages and multi-sector coordination and intensive integrated supervision is 50%. Meanwhile, public toilets in the focus areas and livestock management have not proceeded. The prevalence of schistosomiasis in humans showed yields of 0.13%, 0%, and 0.0% in the Napu, Bada, and Lindu Plateaus. In addition, the prevalence of schistosomiasis in animals was 3.4% and 2.3% in buffalo and horses.

CONCLUSION: Schistosomiasis control in terms of health can reduce the prevalence of schistosomiasis in humans. And schistosomiasis control is not a priority program in terms of agriculture. Who did not build schistosomiasis control programs in 2019 upon good coordination between the central and local governments?
Bovine Mastitis in Fiji: Economic Implications and Management—A Review
Authors: Igbal Mohammed Rasheed
Published: September 2021

Mastitis is a devastating disease condition in the dairy industry throughout the world and is caused due to the inflammation of the mammary gland. The etiological agents causing mastitis varies from one place to another depending on the animal breed, climate, and husbandry practices. However, the etiological agents causing mastitis include an extensive variety of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Furthermore, the most common bacterial species responsible for causing mastitis include Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus (Strep.) agalactiae, Strep. Uberis and various Gram-negative bacteria. This review highlights the type of bacteriological etiology causing intramammary infection (IMI) is an essential part of effective mastitis control, prevention, and treatment. It also discusses the diagnostic tests used to test for mastitis in Fiji include Somatic cell count, California Mastitis Test (CMT), and bacteriological culturing. The development of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technology along with the version of real-time and multiplex PCR has improved the sensitivity and rapidity of mastitis diagnosis. The subclinical and clinical forms of mastitis can be treated with early detection of the signs of mastitis infection. Moreover, it is also essential to create awareness to the farmers about the cost, knowledge about mastitis and the loss it can cause.
EFFECTIVENESS OF RESOURCE MANAGEMENT DURING POLICE ACTIONS AND OPERATIONS BASED ON THE SKILLS ACQUIRED DURING SIMULATION TRAINING IN A VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Choromańska Agnieszka , Jurczak Justyna
Published: September 2021

The main aim of the article is to present the results of the surveys conducted among the graduates of the specialist course for police operations commanders at the Police Academy in Szczytno, who participated in the course in 2014–2020. The course uses a tool of modern technology in the form of a simulator of Police operations in crisis situations. The essence of the research was, therefore, to verify the impact of simulation training as part of a specialist course for commanders of police actions and operations on the real scope and manner of tasks performed by its graduates, i.e. on commanding actual police activities to ensure and maintain public safety and order during mass events, in including sports events, public gatherings and celebrations, and other collective disturbances of public order. It should be emphasised that due to the often signifi cant lapse of time after the end of the course, the respondents formulated their opinions based on subsequent experiences and analysis of actual facts, in the context of knowledge and skills acquired during the training.
UNIFORMED SERVICES AND EMERGENCY CALL SYSTEM COOPERATION
Authors: OSTROWSKA RENATA
Published: September 2021

The study contains the most important information regarding the functioning of uniformed services in the emergency alert system. The matter of the utmost importance is to provide operation and cooperation of the Police and State Fire Brigade with emergency alert system centres. Smooth coordination in terms of sending emergency services units, emergency aid units and extensive cooperation with uniformed services in case of major disasters, are the advantages of the 112 alert system implemented by Poland.
What are students saying about their reference needs?
Authors: Zucca Damon
Published: September 2021

Libraries and publishers rely on transactional data to support evidence-based
decision making. However, by itself quantitative information does not provide a full
picture. To anticipate the evolving needs of our audience we also need to hear from the
individual users themselves. In this article, I will review the findings from several
recent examples survey-based research into the question of how students use reference
materials in and outside of their libraries. What are students actually saying about
their needs and preferences when it comes to reference? While some uses cases for
reference are moving out of the library into the open web not all have. What we hear
students say is that they continue to have an unmet need for long-form, contextual
guidance. They say they have trouble locating this content, but that the library is the
first place they look for it. This is a risk because if students cannot find in-depth
summary content in their library they will migrate to the open web where they lose the
benefits of librarian intermediation as both a curator of sources and as a guide via
instruction.
The Open Landscape Environment as The Expanse
Authors: Dewey Barbara I.
Published: September 2021

Building on the 2019 ACRL/SPARC Forum on Collective Reinvestment in Open
Infrastructure, this program will explore how libraries can make different commitments
to fund content created by open infrastructures. Library collections increasingly
promote and reflect such open content and many have chosen to contribute to funding
those products. There is not one formula or roadmap to underwrite the publishing and
distribution costs of these open resources. There are many variables and considerations
as some open content corresponds to serials and others are books or monographs. Open
access content is increasingly found in nearly all subject areas, as scholarly
publishing models have evolved. Open access does not come without a price to create,
maintain and preserve the outputs. Libraries are reconsidering whether they want to
commit so much to purchase materials or subscription-based products, when it is unclear
what the anticipated use of any materials will be over time. Planning and opportunities
for new and more flexible decisions concerning adjustments to and expenditures of the
materials budget are under exploration by libraries. There are many options to invest in
creating more content to be released as open access. Such options include contributing
financially from the Library collections or materials budget to subsidizing or covering
APCs, engaging in a more “library as publisher” model hosting journals, publishing
books, creating OERs, and offsetting other expenses that ultimately drive a more
intensive open infrastructure. Library leaders and partners will share their ideas about
trying different approaches to contribute to more open publishing initiatives and
explore whether efforts in deploying current book and serial costs to offset
opportunities to build a wider and more open infrastructure is on the horizon. This
analysis should incorporate the costs of analytical tools necessary to the use of such
content in today’s research. Questions will be solicited ahead of time to reflect
audience’s interest in such a rethinking of the library collections budget. Please email
Julia Gelfand at with your questions.
DETECÇÃO E RECONHECIMENTO DE PLACAS DE LICENCIAMENTO VEICULAR EM TEMPO REAL USANDO CNN
Authors: Imamura Marcelo  Eidi , Silva Francisco  Assis  da , Almeida Leandro  Luiz  de , Pereira Danillo Roberto , Artero Almir Olivette , Piteri Marco Antonio
Published: September 2021

Brazil has a large fleet of vehicles running daily along urban roads and highways, which requires the use of some computational solution to assist in control and management. In this work we developed an application to detect and recognize real-time licenseplates with various application possibilities. The methodology developed in this work has three main stages: plate detection, character segmentation and recognition. For the detection step we used the YOLO library, which makes use of machine learning techniques to detect objects in real time. YOLO was trained using a dataset with plate images in different environments. In the segmentation stage, the individual characters contained in the plate were separated, using image processing methods. In the last stage, character recognition was performed using two convolutional neural networks, obtaining a hit rate of 83.33%.
On The Use of Machine Learning Algorithms to Classify Focal Cortical Dysplasia on MRI
Authors: Pereira João Guilherme , Baffa Matheus de Freitas Oliveira , Simozo Fabrício Henrique , Murta Junior Luiz Otavio , Felipe Joaquim Cezar
Published: September 2021

Refractory epilepsy is a condition characterized by epileptic seizure occurrence which cannot be controlled with antiepileptic drugs. This condition is associated with an excessive neuronal discharge produced by a group of neurons in a certain epileptogenic zone. Focal Cortical Dysplasia (FCD), usually found in these zones, was detected as one of the main causes of refractory epilepsy. In these cases, surgical intervention is necessary to minimize or eliminate the seizure occurrences. However, surgical treatment is only indicated in cases where there is complete certainty of the FCD. In order to assist neurosurgeons to detect precisely these regions, this paper aims to develop a classiﬁcation method to detect FCD on MRI based on morphological and textural features from a voxel-level perspective. Multiple classiﬁers were tested throughout the extracted features, the best results achieved an accuracy of 91.76% using a Deep Neural Network classiﬁer and 96.15% with J48 Decision Tree. The set of evaluating metrics showed that the results are promising.
Deep-learning-based membranous nephropathy classification and Monte-Carlo dropout uncertainty estimation
Authors: Chagas Paulo , Souza Luiz , Pontes Izabelle , Calumby Rodrigo , Angelo Michele , Duarte Angelo , dos-Santos Washington L. C. , Oliveira Luciano
Published: September 2021

Membranous Nephropathy (MN) is one of the most common glomerular diseases that cause adult nephrotic syndrome. To assist pathologists on MN classiﬁcation, we evaluated three deep-learning-based architectures, namely, ResNet-18, DenseNet and Wide-ResNet. In addition, to accomplish more reliable results, we applied Monte-Carlo Dropout for uncertainty estimation. We achieved average F1-Scores above 92% for all models, with Wide-ResNet obtaining the highest average F1-Score (93.2%). For uncertainty estimation on Wide-ResNet, the uncertainty scores showed high relation with incorrect classiﬁcations, proving that these uncertainty estimates can support pathologists on the analysis of model predictions.
Geoestatísticas e Deep Features para Diferenciar Glomeruloesclerose Segmentar e Focal de Doença de Lesões Mínimas em Imagens de Biópsia Renal
Authors: Santos Justino Duarte , Veras Rodrigo M. S. , Silva Romuere R. V.
Published: September 2021

As doenças renais crônicas surgem de patologias agudas ou intermitentes quando não tratadas adequadamente, como a doença de lesões mínimas (DLM) e glomeruloesclerose segmentar e focal (GESF). A identiﬁcação precisa dessas duas doenças é de suma importância, pois seus tratamentos e prognósticos são diferentes. Dessa forma, propomos um método capaz de diferenciar a DLM de GESF a partir de imagens de exames patológicos. No método proposto, usamos quatro redes neurais convolucionais pré-treinadas e funções geoestatísticas para extrair características de imagem. Selecionamos 94 características com base em critérios de informação mútua e, na etapa de classiﬁcação, usamos um classiﬁcador random forest. O método proposto obteve acurácia de 94,3% e índice Kappa de 87,9%, conﬁrmando que nosso método é bastante promissor.
Uma Abordagem Computacional em Ambientes Assistidos Baseada em Atividades Físicas e Biometeorologia
Authors: Costa João Pedro de Souza Jardim da , Dantas Mário Antônio Ribeiro , David José Maria Nazar
Published: September 2021

A importância de realizar atividades físicas para preservar a saúde pessoal é um conhecimento comum a toda sociedade humana. Uma pergunta a ser considerada seria: o desempenho, ao realizar essas atividades, é afetado pelo ecossistema que cerca as pessoas? Afetar o desempenho signiﬁca afetar o rendimento e, em contrapartida, implica afetar a eﬁciência na realização da atividade.Este trabalho de pesquisa apresenta uma proposta de uma aplicação que visa amparar proﬁssionais da área de educação física no acompanhamento de seus alunos, enquanto leva em consideração os elementos meteorológicos que os afetam. Outra contribuição diferencial foi a simulação desenvolvida visando uma melhor visualização do ambiente.
SIRColab: Explorando Estruturas para o Estudo Colaborativo de Textos Científicos Remotamente
Authors: Tardelli André V. , Brito Luciana S. , Villanueva Pablo E. L. , Vivacqua Adriana S. , França Juliana B. S. , Dias Angélica F. S.
Published: September 2021

Estudantes de ensino superior podem encontrar dificuldades para realizar suas pesquisas de artigos científicos de forma rápida e colaborativa com as tecnologias atuais. Para facilitar o desenvolvimento de material acadêmico para grupos em ambientes remotos, foi proposta a estrutura para a Sumarização de Informações Relevantes em Ambientes Remotos Colaborativos (SIRColab). Fundamentado na metodologia Design Science Research (DSR), este artefato consiste em um formulário contendo as informações mais relevantes a serem buscadas durante a leitura de um artigo. A avaliação investiga as principais estratégias de estudo e combinações de grupos baseados em suas personalidades.
A Global Survey of Emergency Department Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mahajan Prashant , Shu-Ling Chong , Gutierrez Camilo , White Emily , Cher Benjamin , Freiheit Elizabeth , Belle Apoorva , Kaartinen Johanna , Kumar Vijaya Arun , Middleton Paul , Ng Chip Jin , Osei-Kwame Daniel , Roth Dominik , Sinha Tej Prakash , Galwankar Sagar , Nypaver Michele , Kuppermann Nathan , Ekelund Ulf
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Emergency departments (ED) globally are addressing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with varying degrees of success. We leveraged the 17-country, Emergency Medicine Education & Research by Global Experts (EMERGE) network and non-EMERGE ED contacts to understand ED emergency preparedness and practices globally when combating the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: We electronically surveyed EMERGE and non-EMERGE EDs from April 3–June 1, 2020 on ED capacity, pandemic preparedness plans, triage methods, staffing, supplies, and communication practices. The survey was available in English, Mandarin Chinese, and Spanish to optimize participation. We analyzed survey responses using descriptive statistics.

Results: 74/129 (57%) EDs from 28 countries in all six World Health Organization global regions responded. Most EDs were in Asia (49%), followed by North America (28%), and Europe (14%). Nearly all EDs (97%) developed and implemented protocols for screening, testing, and treating patients with suspected COVID-19 infections. Sixty percent responded that provider staffing/back-up plans were ineffective. Many sites (47/74, 64%) reported staff missing work due to possible illness with the highest provider proportion of COVID-19 exposures and infections among nurses.

Conclusion: Despite having disaster plans in place, ED pandemic preparedness and response continue to be a challenge. Global emergency research networks are vital for generating and disseminating large-scale event data, which is particularly important during a pandemic.
Does the Medical Student Performance Evaluation Change the Decision to Invite Residency Applicants?
Authors: Thimm Terra , Kiefer Christopher , Aloi Mara , Davenport Moira , Kilpatrick Jared , Bush Jeffrey , Jennings Lindsey , Davis Stephen , Quedado Kimberly , Shaver Erica
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Although emergency medicine (EM) residency program directors (PD) have multiple sources to evaluate each applicant, some programs await the release of the medical student performance evaluation (MSPE) to extend interview offers. While prior studies have demonstrated that MSPE content is variable and selectively positive, no prior work has evaluated the impact of the MSPE on the likelihood to invite (LTI) applicants for a residency interview. This study aimed to evaluate how information in the MSPE impacted LTI, with the hypothesis that changes in LTI would be relatively rare based on MSPE review alone.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, observational study analyzing applications to three EM residency programs during the 2019-2020 match cycle. Reviewers assessed applications and rated the LTI on a five-point Likert scale where LTI was defined as follows: 1 = definitely no; 2 = probably no; 3 = unsure; 4 = probably yes; and 5 = definitely yes. The LTI was recorded before and after MSPE review. A change in LTI was considered meaningful when it changed the overall trajectory of the applicant’s likelihood to receive an invitation to interview.

Results: We reviewed a total of 877 applications with the LTI changing ≥1 point on the Likert scale 160 (18.2%) times. The LTI was meaningfully impacted in a minority of applications – 48 total (5.5 %, p< 0.01) – with only 1 (0.11%) application changing from 1 or 2 (definitely/probably no) to 4 or 5 (probably/definitely yes) and 34 (3.8%) changing from 3 (unsure) to 4 or 5 (probably/definitely yes). Thirteen (1.5%) applications changed from 4 or 5 (probably/definitely yes) to 3 (unsure or probably/definitely no).

Conclusion: Review of the MSPE resulted in a meaningful change in LTI in only 5.5% of applications. Given the time required for program leadership to review all parts of the variably formatted MSPEs, this finding supports a more efficient application review, where the PD’s focus is on succinct and objective aspects of the application, such as the Standardized Letter of Evaluation.
Cannabis in Homes with Children: A Survey on Use, Storage, and Attitudes
Authors: Gimelli Alex , Deshpande Anusha , Magana Julia , Moulin Aimee
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The recent legalization of cannabis in California has the potential to affect cannabis prevalence in households with children. This eventuality, combined with suboptimal cannabis storage practices, could lead to adverse effects such as unintentional pediatric ingestion, which occurred in Colorado after legalization. Our objective was to assess prevalence and storage practices of cannabis in households with children, and attitudes on use and storage education in a state that has legalized cannabis.

Methods: We administered electronic surveys to 401 adults in a pediatric emergency department in California. Participants were excluded if they were not English- or Spanish-speaking or did not live in a household with children <18 years old. They answered questions regarding cannabis use, storage, and attitudes on cannabis storage education. We used convenience sampling and analyzed data using descriptive statistics.

Results: Research assistants approached 558 participants of whom 401 completed the survey. Three participants did not respond regarding past or current cannabis use, and 14.5% (58/401) reported cannabis use in their home in the prior six months. Both users and non-users rated safe storage of high importance in homes with children. Only 44.8% of home users (26/58) reported that their cannabis was both locked and hidden. Among home users, the most common source of storage advice was friends and family (21/58, 36.2%), and 45% of home users (26/58) received no storage information whatsoever. Most cannabis users (53/67, 79.1%) and non-users (241/330, 73%) reported that they would feel comfortable receiving cannabis education from their primary care provider.

Conclusion: Cannabis is used and stored in homes with children; however, safe storage is not clearly defined in California, and storage education is lacking. Healthcare providers in primary care and the emergency department may play an important role in educating the public about cannabis use and safe storage.
Comparing Physician Assistant and Nurse Practitioner Practice in U.S. Emergency Departments, 2010–2017
Authors: Wu Fred , Darracq Michael
Published: September 2021

Introduction: We sought to compare physician assistant (PA) and nurse practitioner (NP) practice in United States emergency departments (ED) based on ED visits as reported by the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS).

Methods: We performed a retrospective, secondary analysis of the 2010 to 2017 NHAMCS with analysis of ED visits, patient demographics, and hospital characteristics.

Results: Between 2010 to 2017, 21.0% (95% confidence interval, [CI] +/-3.1%) of ED visits were seen by either a PA/NP (with and without physician involvement) and 8.6% (+/-2.9%) were seen by PA/NP alone. We identified an increase for NP visits between 2014–2016 and found that PA/NP visits share many of the same characteristics.

Conclusion: While emergency medicine has predominately been a specialty for PAs, the number of ED visits with NPs has been increasing over the past several years. While there are some differences, PAs/NPs share many similar practice characteristics in the ED.
Mobile Crisis Outreach and Emergency Department Utilization: A Propensity Score-matched Analysis
Authors: Vakkalanka J. Priyanka , Neuhaus Ryan` , Harland Karisa , Clemsen Lance , Himadi Elaine , Lee Sangil
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Mental health and substance use disorder (MHSUD) patients in the emergency department (ED) have been facing increasing lengths of stay due to a shortage of inpatient beds. Previous research indicates mobile crisis outreach (MCO) reduces long ED stays for MHSUD patients. Our objective was to assess the impact of MCO contact on future ED utilization.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients presenting to a large Midwest university ED with an MHSUD chief complaint from 2015–2018. We defined the exposure as those who had MCO contact and any MHSUD-related ED visit within 30 days of MCO contact. The MCO patients were 2:1 propensity score–matched by demographic data and comorbidities matched to patients with no MCO contact. Outcomes were all-cause and psychiatric-specific reasons for return to the ED within one year of the index ED visit. We report descriptive statistics and odds ratios (OR) to describe the difference between the two groups, and hazard ratios (HR) to estimate the risk of return ED visit.

Results: The final sample included 106 MCO and 196 non-MCO patients. The MCO patients were more likely to be homeless (OR 14.8; 95% confidence interval [CI],1.87, 117), less likely to have adequate family or social support (OR 0.51; 95% CI, 0.31, 0.84), and less likely to have a hospital bed requested for them in the index visit by ED providers (OR 0.50; 95% CI, 0.29, 0.88). For those who returned to the ED, the median time for all-cause return to the ED was 28 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 6–93 days) for the MCO patients and 88 days (IQR: 20–164 days) for non-MCO patients. The risk of all-cause return to the ED was greater among MCO patients (67%) compared to non-MCO patients (49%) (adjusted HR: 1.66; 95% CI, 1.22, 2.27).

Conclusion: The MCO patients had less family and social support; however, they were less likely to require hospitalization for each visit, likely due to MCO involvement. Patients with MCO contact presented to the ED more frequently than non-MCO patients, which implies a strong linkage between the ED and MCO in our community. An effective referral to community service from the ED and MCO and collaboration could be the next step to improve healthcare utilization.
Radiology Education Among Emergency Medicine Residencies: A National Needs Assessment
Authors: Villa Stephen , Wheaton Natasha , Lai Steven , Jordan Jaime
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Radiology training is an important component of emergency medicine (EM) education, but its delivery has been variable. Program directors have reported a lack of radiology skills in incoming interns. A needs assessment is a crucial first step toward improving radiology education among EM residencies. Our objective was to explore the current state of radiology education in EM residency programs.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey study of all Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited EM programs in the United States. Program leadership completed an online survey consisting of multiple choice, Likert scale, and free-response items. We calculated and reported descriptive statistics.

Results: Of eligible EM programs, 142/252 (56%) completed the survey including 105 postgraduate year (PGY) 1-3 and 36 PGY 1-4 programs. One respondent opted out of answering demographic questions. 23/141 (16%) were from the Western region, 29/141 (21%) were from the North Central region, 14/141 (10%) were from the South-Central region, 28/141 (20%) were from the Southeast region, and 47/141 (33%) were from the Northeast region. A total of 88/142 (62%) of responding programs did not have formal radiology instruction. Of the education that is provided, 127/142 (89%) provide it via didactics/lectures and 115/142 (81%) rely on instruction during clinical shifts. Only 51/142 (36%) provide asynchronous opportunities, and 23/142 (16%) have a dedicated radiology rotation. The majority of respondents reported spending 0-2 hours per month on radiology instruction (108/142; 76%); 95/141 (67%) reported that EM faculty “often” or “always” provide radiology instruction; 134/142 (95%), felt that it was “extremely” or “very important” for ED providers to be able to independently interpret radiograph results; and 129/142 (90.84%) either “sometimes” or “always” rely on their independent radiograph interpretations to make clinical decisions. The radiology studies identified as most important to be able to independently interpret were radiographs obtained for lines/tubes, chest radiographs, and radiographs obtained for musculoskeletal-related complaints.

Conclusion: A minority of EM residency programs have formal instruction in radiology despite the majority of responding program leadership believing that these are important skills. The most important curricular areas were identified. These results may inform the development of formal radiology curricula in EM graduate medical education.
Effects of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Human Amniotic Membrane on Sciatic Nerve Repair in Rats
Authors: Xaki Siyawash , Fathi Afshin , Ariana Mehdi , Aghayan Hamid Reza , Arjmand Babak , Alavi-Moghadam Sepideh , Azhdari Kamyar , Hazrati Ebrahim , Yousefi zoshk Mojtaba
Published: September 2021

Background: Peripheral nerve injuries remain a great challenge for microsurgery despite the significant progress in recent decades. The current gold standard is autogenous nerve grafting with a success rate as low as 50% in long gaps. Current studies have focused on finding alternative methods for bridging nerve defects. Previous data have demonstrated the role of human amniotic membrane in stimulating neural regeneration. On the other hand, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into all three germ layers and could support nerve repair. The purpose of this study was to compare the role of the human amniotic membrane with and without adipose tissue stem cells in sciatic nerve injury with gap in rats. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the human amniotic membrane with and without adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in sciatic nerve injury with gap in rats. Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats in four random groups were used in our study. In the first group, the nerve gap was repaired using the inverse resected nerve segment (Control group), the second group was repaired with a human amniotic membrane (AM group), the third group was repaired with an amnion sheet with seeded adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AM/ADMSCs group), and the last group was not repaired, and both stumps were sutured to muscles. Results: All the animals underwent the procedures and survived without complication. The sciatic function index and hot plate test results were significantly improved in the AM and AM/ADMSCs groups compared to the Control group (as a gold standard of care) (P>0.05). Based on histopathology findings, regenerative nerve fibers were seen in the implanted area of both AM and AM/ADMSCs groups; however, nerve fibers were surrounded by significant fibrosis (scar formation) in the AM/ADMSCs group. The axon count in the Control group was significantly higher than both experimental groups (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Our study showed the role of amniotic membrane in the promotion of nerve regeneration in sciatic nerve injury with a gap, but adding adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells not only has no extra benefits, but also causes more tissue scar.
COVID-19 in Southeast Asia
Authors: Moradi Leila
Published: September 2021

Background: The emerging disease COVID-19 was first identified in China in late 2019. It soon spread to most countries and continents. The symptoms of this disease range from asymptomatic to severe and fatal. This disease is now an important pandemic and has created an emergency in the world. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of COVID-19 in Southeast Asia. Methods: This ecological study describes the epidemiological features of COVID-19 in southeastern Asia. Data related to identified definite cases and deaths due to this disease along with other information were extracted from the reports of the World Health Organization and imported to SPSS software. The case fatality rate was calculated separately for each country. Results: The highest number of reported cases of this disease was 30,458,251 in India, and the highest number of death was in this country with 400,312 cases, and the highest mortality rate was in Indonesia with 2.67%. Conclusions: Using masks and observing social distance and quarantine rules, as well as upgrading diagnostic and laboratory equipment to identify patients, are effective ways to prevent COVID-19 transmission.
Harmine Augments the Cytotoxic and Anti-invasive Potential of Temozolomide Against Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells
Authors: Kamani Mehran , Ghanbari Ali , Taghadosi Mahdi , Mansouri Kamran , Jalili Cyrus
Published: September 2021

Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is considered the deadliest human cancer. Temozolomide is now a part of postresection standard chemotherapy for this type of cancer. Unfortunately, resistance to temozolomide is a major obstacle to treatment success. Combination therapy with natural anticancer agents increases the activity of temozolomide against cancer cells. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effects of temozolomide in combination with harmine against GBM cells. Methods: Cancer cells were treated with temozolomide and/or harmine. After 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, the viability of the cells was assessed by the MTT test. The combination index and dose reduction index were determined by CompuSyn software. Tumor invasion potential was investigated by evaluating cell migration, invasion, and adhesion. The real-time PCR technique was done to study the expression pattern of two genes involved in cancer cell invasion. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post-hoc test, and differences were considered non-significant at P > 0.05. Results: After treatment with temozolomide, cell viability showed a concentration- and time-dependent decrease, and the cells’ survival rate decreased. The combination of temozolomide and harmine had a synergistic effect. Also, temozolomide and/or harmine treatment decreased cancer cells’ migration, invasion, and adhesion potentials, as well as the expression of metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in T98G cells. Conclusions: The combination of temozolomide and harmine can be promising for the successful treatment of GBM.
The Frequency and Causes of Unnecessary Medical Services in Urmia, Iran: Strategies and Control
Authors: Dindeh Zeinab , Karimi Salah Eddin , Hosseini Seyede Mahboobeh , Nafei Ayoub
Published: September 2021

Background: Unnecessary prescription, diagnosis, and medical services are increasing various health problems in the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), over-prescription and unnecessary services are the measures that cause significant damages rather than benefits. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the perspective of Urmia medical system members regarding the frequency and causes of unnecessary medical services and their control and prevention strategies in Urmia, Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytical, cross-sectional research was performed on 102 specialist physicians selected from the Urmia Medical Association, and the selected individuals participated in the survey online. Outcome measures included the percentage of unnecessary medical care and common causes of overtreatment. Data were collected using Johns Hopkins University Unnecessary medical services checklist. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 22 using descriptive statistics (frequency and mean) and chi-square. Results: In total, 41% of the participants (n = 43) were family physicians, and 59% (n = 59) were specialists of other medical fields. In terms of gender, 53% were male, and the others were female. The main causes of unnecessary medical services at a national level included pressure from patients (66.7%; n = 68), fear of medical malpractice (54.9%; n = 56), pressure from colleagues (23.5%; n = 24), and achieving a high rank in a performance appraisal (40.2%; n = 41). According to the participants, the development of more guidelines and instructions (47.1%; n = 48) and training residents on the appropriate use of diagnostic criteria (50%; n = 51) could be effective approaches to preventing unnecessary medical services. In addition, significant differences were observed between the perspective of the family physicians and the specialists in terms of the fear of malpractice (P = 0.002), lack of medical history (P = 0.17), pressure from patients (P = 0.25), training of residents on the use of diagnostic criteria (P = 0.001), and easier access to medical files (P = 0.001). Conclusions: From the physicians’ perspective, overtreatment is highly common in Iran. In order to solve this problem, efforts should be dedicated to areas such as medical file availability, diminishing the fear of malpractice, and more training of residents. Moreover, it is recommended that patients’ awareness be raised regarding the damages caused by unnecessary prescriptions so that they would not request frequent visits.
Reseña de: Andreu Pintado, Javier (ed.): parva oppida. Imagen, patrones e ideología del despegue monumental de las ciudades en la Tarraconense hispana (siglos I a. C.-I d. C.)
Authors: Carrasco López José María
Published: September 2021

Reseña de: Andreu Pintado, Javier (ed.): parva oppida. Imagen, patrones e ideología del despegue monumental de las ciudades en la Tarraconense hispana (siglos I a. C.-I d. C.), Serie Monografías «Los Bañales» Uncastillo, Centro de estudios de las Cinco Villas & Fundación Uncastillo Los Bañales, 2020, 412 pp., ISBN: 978-84-09-22764-8.
La dedicatoria a Evedutonio Barciaeco y las explotaciones auríferas del distrito romano de Naraval (Tineo, Asturias)
Authors: Santos Yanguas Narciso
Published: September 2021

Este documento epigráfico, hallado en Naraval (Tineo), constituye una muestra clara del proceso de romanización que se opera en el suroccidente de Asturias. Se relaciona igualmente con los aprovechamientos auríferos de los romanos en el distrito minero de Naraval-Navelgas-Paredes durante el Alto Imperio. Además, la inscripción evidencia la pervivencia del culto a una divinidad indígena, así como la latinización del nombre del dedicante. De hecho, tal vez pueda constituir un ejemplo de promoción social en el marco de dichas explotaciones.
Seven Tips Mental Health Care Providers Can Use to Address Patient Tobacco Use
Authors: McKay Colleen E.
Published: September 2021

Approximately fifty million people living in the United States (U.S.) use tobacco. Tobacco use is the single largest preventable cause of disease and/or death in the U.S. People living with mental illness account for a disproportionate amount of tobacco use. Individuals living with mental health or substance use conditions consume almost half of all cigarettes sold in the U.S. People with schizophrenia are three to four times as likely to smoke as the general population. People living with mental illness also die prematurely compared to the general population and they and have a disproportionate number of tobacco-attributable deaths. Less than two-thirds of psychiatrists ask about tobacco use and screening for tobacco use is not standard practice in many community-based services for mental health. Despite this, approximately 70% of people living with mental illness who smoke say they would like to quit smoking. This tip sheet offers 7 tips to help your clients quit using tobacco.
Efekt navođenja ratnih asocijacija na procjenu srpskih nacionalnih lidera iz rata u bih po dimenziji ratni zločinac-heroj
Authors: Praštalo Zorana , Šuvira Željana , Subotić Siniša
Published: September 2021

Provjereno je da li ratne asocijacije indukuju razlike u doživljaju srpskih ratnih lidera – R. Karadžića i R. Mladića, na uzorku ispitanika srpske nacionalnosti. Od E grupe (N=101) je na početku ispitivanja zatraženo da navedu svoje asocijacije o ratnom sukobom u BiH. K grupa (N=108) nije imala taj zadatak. Ispitanicima su date vinjete sa istorijski neutralnim biografijama Karadžića i Mladića, nakon čega je navedeno da o njima postoje različita mišljenja – neki ih smatraju „ratnim zločincima“, a neki „nepravedno optuženenim herojima“. Pretpostavljeno je da će ratne asocijacije indukovati veću etničku identifikaciju i „primovati“ E grupu da procjenjuju lidere više u smjeru herojstva. Ovo je utvrđeno za oba lidera, ali je statistički značajan niski efekt (g=0.34, p=.007) dobijen samo za Karadžića. Efekt nije zavisio od osobina ličnosti, opšte inteligencije, dispozicionog etnocentrizma ili znanja istorije. Nalaz implicira da evociranje ratnih asocijacija može imati određen uticaj na pozitivnije viđenje kontraverznih ratnih lidera u očima njihovog etnosa.
Fabrication and thermoelectric properties of Si micro/nanobelts
Authors: Wei Jiang-Tao , Yang Liang-Liang , Wei Lei , Qin Yuan-Hao , Song Pei-Shuai , Zhang Ming-Liang , Yang Fu-Hua , Wang Xiao-Dong ,   Engineering Research Center for Semiconductor Integrated Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China,   Research Center of Materials and Optoelectronics, College of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,   Beijing Institute of Quantum Information Science, Beijing 100193, China,   Beijing Semiconductor Micro/Nano Integrated Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing 100083, China
Published: September 2021

Currently, low-dimensional materials are a hot spot in the field of thermoelectric research, because the thermoelectric properties will be significantly improved after the low-dimensionalization of bulk materials. In a bulk material, its thermoelectric figure of merit ZT value cannot be increased by changing a single parameter, because the parameters of the material are interrelated to each other, which is not conducive to the research of internal factors and thus limiting the efficiency of thermoelectric material, but thermoelectric material on a micro-nano scale is more flexible to adjust its thermoelectric figure of merit ZT value. There are many different kinds of methods of implementing the low-dimensionalization of bulk materials. In this paper, size-controllable Si micro/nanobelts are prepared based on semiconductor micromachining and focused ion beam (FIB) technology, and the thermoelectric properties of Si micro/nanobelts of different sizes are comprehensively studied by the micro-suspension structure method.

In this experiment, we find that the conductivity of doped Si micro/nanobelt is significantly better than that of bulk Si material, that as the width of the Si micro/nanobelt decreases, the thermal conductivity of the material decreases significantly, from 148 W/(m·K) of bulk silicon to 17.75 W/(m·K) of 800 nm wide Si micro-nanobelt, that the Seebeck coefficient of the material is lower than that of the corresponding bulkmaterials. The decrease of thermal conductivity is mainly due to the boundary effect caused by the size reduction, which leads the phonon boundary scattering to increase, and thus significantly inhibiting the behavior of phonon transmission in the Si material, thereby further affecting the transmission and conversion of thermal energy in the material. At 373 K, the maximum ZT value of the 800 nm wide Si micro/nanobelt reaches ～0.056, which is about 6 times larger than that of bulk silicon. And as the width of the Si micronanobelt is further reduced, the thermoelectric figure of merit ZT value will be further improved, making Si material an effective thermoelectric material. The FIB processing technology provides a new preparation scheme for improving the thermoelectric performances of Si materials in the future, and this manufacturing technology can also be applied to the low-dimensional preparation of other materials.
Nonlinear interaction of EGAM with DW turbulence in the Dimits shift region
Authors: 魏广宇  , 陈凝飞  , 仇志勇
Published: September 2021

Based on the nonlinear three-wave interaction model including driving and dissipation, we construct a system to describe the nonlinear interaction between energetic particle induced geodesic acoustic mode (EGAM) and the drift waves turbulence in the Dimits shift region, and study both analytically and numerically the linear growth and nonlinear oscillation phases of the system, respectively.
Further numerical results show that, without the contribution of EGAM, the system goes through limited cycle oscillation to period doubling, and finally route to chaos with the change of the linear drive/dissipation rate. On this basis, the nonlinear saturated "Dimits region" of the system is constructed, which is then used to study the influence of EGAM on the drift wave in the Dimits region.
The results show that for EGAM with different amplitude and frequency, the modulated drift wave can be either excited or suppressed, partly reproduces the results from large scale simulation. Finally, We use the method of phase space analysis to give the corresponding explanation.
Descriptive analysis of dental X-ray images using various practical methods: A review
Authors: Kumar Anuj , Bhadauria Harvendra Singh , Singh Annapurna
Published: September 2021

In dentistry, practitioners interpret various dental X-ray imaging modalities to identify tooth-related problems, abnormalities, or teeth structure changes. Another aspect of dental imaging is that it can be helpful in the field of biometrics. Human dental image analysis is a challenging and time-consuming process due to the unspecified and uneven structures of various teeth, and hence the manual investigation of dental abnormalities is at par excellence. However, automation in the domain of dental image segmentation and examination is essentially the need of the hour in order to ensure error-free diagnosis and better treatment planning. In this article, we have provided a comprehensive survey of dental image segmentation and analysis by investigating more than 130 research works conducted through various dental imaging modalities, such as various modes of X-ray, CT (Computed Tomography), CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography), etc. Overall state-of-the-art research works have been classified into three major categories, i.e., image processing, machine learning, and deep learning approaches, and their respective advantages and limitations are identified and discussed. The survey presents extensive details of the state-of-the-art methods, including image modalities, pre-processing applied for image enhancement, performance measures, and datasets utilized.
Culture Pond Influences the Growth and Survival of Clarias gariepinus Fingerlings reared in Poly and Monoculture
Authors: Onyia L. U. , Ochokwu I. J. , Bargudu I. J.
Published: September 2021

Monoculture is the rearing of single species of fish in a pond while polyculture is the farming of two or more species in the same physical space. This study aims to compare the growth parameters of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings in monoculture and polyculture, using concrete and earthen ponds in a randomized complete block design. The polyculture, comprised of Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus. 480 fingerlings were used; the stocking density was 40fish in a 3x2x1.5m depth with initial weight (4.84±0.11547) for C. gariepinus in monoculture and 40 each in polyculture with an initial pooled weight of O. niloticus (50g) replicated thrice, it was fed for eight weeks with commercial feed (40% crude protein). Weekly, random sampling was done to measure the growth and adjust the feeding rate. The results revealed that polyculture has the best mean final weight (160.07±0.18559g) and weight gain of 155.29, while the highest total length (45.666±3.179) was recorded in monoculture for Clarias gariepinus reared in an earthen pond. The polyculture had the highest specific growth rate (2.46), Relative growth rate (246.49), and condition factor (0.184). There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in monoculture of both concrete and earthen ponds.