bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
¿Especialistas en diseño incorporan los Derechos Humanos en su práctica profesional?: un estudio exploratorio
Authors: Ortiz Nicolás Juan Carlos , Hernández López Irma
Published: October 2023

El rol de los Derechos Humanos (DH) ha comenzado a explorarse en la disciplina del diseño sin profundizar en la perspectiva de las y los diseñadores profesionales. Ante este vacío, el objetivo de la investigación fue indagar la experiencia de un grupo de personas diseñadoras a partir de sus conocimientos, habilidades prácticas, formación e interés en diseñar con perspectiva de DH. Para cumplir el objetivo se estableció llevar a cabo una investigación exploratoria y se diseñó un cuestionario con 15 reactivos para indagar los puntos antes mencionados. El instrumento se aplicó vía formularios de Google a 55 diseñadoras y diseñadores. Los datos obtenidos fueron tratados mediante dos tipos de análisis, el primero estadístico descriptivo y el segundo cualitativo a partir del análisis de contenido con el apoyo del software MAXQDA. Los resultados muestran que las personas participantes: a) consideraron novedosa la idea de diseñar bajo un enfoque de DH, b) reportaron estar dispuestas a explorarlo por la relevancia que tienen los DH y cómo estos pueden insertarse en la práctica de diseño y c) reconocieron no tener los conocimientos ni haber recibido formación suficiente sobre el tema. Se concluye que es importante generar propuestas para implementar los DH en la práctica de diseño, lo que también impactará en la formación de las personas diseñadoras.
Diseño y tecnologías descolonizadoras para el Sur global
Authors: Martínez Osorio Pedro Arturo , Castellanos Tuirán Alexandra Isabel
Published: October 2023

El objetivo principal de la investigación que se toma como base para este artículo fue desarrollar métodos de producción de objetos de diseño sostenible a partir de la reinterpretación de técnicas tradicionales de los indígenas Zenú de Colombia. La intención aquí es presentar algunos elementos de esa investigación y revisar su enfoque a la luz de las reflexiones contemporáneas sobre las relaciones entre diseño, ontología, política, y el potencial del diseño para construir autonomía y empoderamiento en las comunidades subalternas. La investigación de tipo experimental y proyectual utilizó en la primera fase exploratoria los instrumentos: observación participativa, cartografía social, entrevistas semiestructuradas con líderes y figuras clave de la comunidad. En la fase experimental se realizó el desarrollo de dos líneas de materiales a los cuales se aplicaron ensayos de resistencia. Finalmente, en la fase proyectual se diseñaron prototipos de mobiliario con enfoque sostenible con base en los materiales desarrollados. Como resultados se produjeron dos desarrollos tecnológicos a partir de la reinterpretación de las técnicas tradicionales de los indígenas Zenú. Con base en los resultados y la experiencia de campo se trazan líneas de comprensión sobre el papel del diseño y las posibilidades en la construcción de tecnologías descolonizadoras para el Sur global. Tecnologías con procesos y métodos apropiados a las realidades, que hagan posible la evolución hacia otros mundos desde la diferencia, formas de vida e intereses de los pueblos del sur.
EFFECTS OF HUMAN DISTURBANCES ON THE SEED DISPERSAL BY BATS COMMUNITIES ON THE ANDEAN CHOCÓ
Authors: Rodríguez Segovia Marco Antonio , Gavilánez Endara María Mercedes
Published: October 2023

In the northwest of Pichincha (Ecuador), the last tropical forests of the Chocó located in the Mashpi mountains have been fragmented due to deforestation and cattle ranching. We identified four different types of habitats in the area, based on the conservation status and management strategies: primary forest (PF), secondary forest in natural regeneration (SF1), secondary forest in assisted regeneration (SF2), and pastures for cattle (P). This research analyzed how the disturbances of each habitat influence the seed communities dispersed by understory fruit bats. Additionally, we studied the availability of plant resources that these animals can disperse in each habitat. In our results, anthropogenic disturbances caused significant changes in the natural dynamics of seed dispersal in disturbed habitats (SF1, SF2, and P). These alterations are delaying the processes of secondary succession and species recruitment, making it difficult to predict the successional trajectories that these habitats will follow in the future.
The Performance of Islamic Microfinance Institutions in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Is Asset Quality Important?
Authors: LİSA Oyong , NUGROHO Lucky , ORBAN Ildiko , UTAMİ Wiwik , NUGRAHA Erik
Published: October 2023

This research aimed to analyse the moderating impact of non-performing financing on the effect of the distribution of murabahah financing and ijarah financing on the return on assets of Islamic microfinance institutions. The research method used was quantitative, using regression panel data. As for the research results, it is known that ijarah financing has no significant effect on increasing the return on assets of Islamic microfinance institutions. Meanwhile, murabahah financing positively and significantly affects increasing return on assets. Furthermore, the non-performing financing variable becomes a moderating variable that weakens the relationship between the distribution of ijarah financing and murabahah financing to the return on assets of Islamic microfinance institutions. The novelty of this study is to link the quality of the funding with the financial performance of Islamic microfinance institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Shadow Economy and Corruption in ECO Countries
Authors: GOKCEKUS Omer , BAĞIRZADE Elşen , SCRIBNER Daniel
Published: October 2023

This study examines the shadow economy and corruption relationship throughout seven Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) countries. Utilising shadow economy data provided by Medina and Schneider (2017; 2019) and Transparency International's corruption perception indicator between 2000-2017, regression analysis suggests that there is a statistically significant relationship between corruption and shadow economy, and additionally, that Soviet heritage plays a role in the determination of this relationship. Results show that for post-Soviet ECO nations, the relationship is complimentary, while for ‘Other’ ECO nations, the relationship is substitutive.
A Semi-Supervised Siamese Network for Complex Aircraft System Fault Detection with Limited Labeled Fault Samples
Authors: Zhu Xinyun , Sun Jianzhong , Hu Hanchun , Li Chunhua
Published: October 2023

Aircraft onboard systems typically have limited labeled fault samples and large amounts of unlabeled data. To better utilize the information contained in limited labeled fault samples, a deep learning-based semi-supervised fault detection method is proposed, which leverages a small number of labeled fault samples to enhance its performance. A novel sample pairing strategy is introduced to improve algorithm performance by iteratively utilizing fault samples. A comprehensive loss function is employed to accurately reconstruct normal samples and effectively separate fault samples. The results of a case study using real data from a commercial aircraft fleet demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over existing techniques, with improvements of approximately 16.7% in AP, 9.5% in AUC, and 19.2% in F1 score. Ablation studies confirm that performance can be further improved by incorporating additional labeled fault samples during training. Furthermore, the algorithm demonstrates good generalization ability.
IMPACTO DE UMA AÇÃO DE EXTENSÃO SOBRE MEDIDAS DE BIOSSEGURANÇA EM UMA ESCOLA DE ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Kley Louise Gabriele , Alves Thainá Mayer , De Paula Daniel , Sampaio Tuane Bazanella
Published: October 2023

As práticas de biossegurança dizem respeito à proteção da vida, possuindo como objetivo a criação de barreiras entre o indivíduo e os agentes patológicos presentes no meio. Contudo, essa proteção só é possível quando as medidas de biossegurança são adotadas de forma correta. Neste contexto, este trabalho apresenta o impacto de uma ação de extensão com enfoque em informar e conscientizar sobre a higienização adequada das mãos, o uso do álcool etílico 70% (p/p) e o uso correto de máscaras para alunos do ensino fundamental. A ação ocorreu em setembro de 2021, durante a pandemia causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2, com alunos do 6° e 7° ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola da cidade de Guarapuava-PR. O impacto da ação de educação em saúde foi mensurado por meio da aplicação de questionários pré- e pós-ação. Com base nos resultados obtidos, foi observado que os alunos já sabiam da necessidade do uso de sabão /sabonete para a higienização das mãos, realizavam a lavagem das máscaras de tecido diariamente e as utilizam durante o intervalo das aulas. De destaque, a realização da ação implicou na elucidação do tempo correto para lavagem das mãos, da porcentagem para o álcool etílico ser efetivo como agente antisséptico, da identificação dos diferentes tipos de máscaras disponíveis e do tempo máximo de utilização destas. Portanto, conclui-se que esta ação de educação em saúde foi efetiva em agregar conhecimento e conscientização aos alunos sobre as medidas de biossegurança, essenciais no combate de doenças infecciosas.
ANÁLISE DA CONTAMINAÇÃO PARASITOLÓGICA EM AREIAS RECREACIONAIS DE UM MUNICÍPIO DA REGIÃO CENTRO-OESTE DO BRASIL
Authors: Rafael de Moura Fernando , Aparecida Passolongo Marlene , Matheus Vasconcelos Paz Tércio , Baroni Zandonadi Francianne
Published: October 2023

A presença de parasitos no solo continua sendo um grande problema de saúde pública nos países em desenvolvimento. Classificadas pela Organização Mundial da Saúde como doenças tropicais negligenciadas, as infecções causadas por esses organismos estão associadas à vulnerabilidade social, pobreza e atraso no desenvolvimento cognitivo, representando, assim, uma das principais metas de trabalho da Agenda 2030. O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a prevalência de parasitas nas areias recreacionais de escolas e praças públicas da cidade de Sinop, no Centro-Oeste do Brasil. As amostras de areia foram coletadas em duas fases, uma na estação seca e outra na estação chuvosa. As análises foram realizadas de acordo com os métodos de Hoffman, Pons e Janer e Rugai modificados. Todos os locais de coleta apresentaram contaminação parasitológica. Os parasitos mais abundantes em ambos os métodos foram Giardia spp., larvas de ancilostomídeos e Balantidium coli. Múltiplas infestações foram detectadas em várias amostras. Animais errantes ou fezes foram observados em todas as caixas de areia ao longo dos momentos de coleta. Diferença estatisticamente significativa na prevalência de amostras positivas foi observada durante a estação chuvosa em comparação com a estação seca. Diante dos resultados, é possível observar o risco associado ao uso de tais locais contaminados pela população potencialmente exposta, seja para fins recreativos ou esportivos. A sensibilização da sociedade e do poder público, a melhoria da infraestrutura e o tratamento e substituição adequados da areia são recursos essenciais para resolver os problemas identificados.
AVALIAÇÃO DE EGRESSOS NA PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO: OS DESAFIOS DO MESTRADO PROFISSIONAL PARA A FORMAÇÃO
Authors: Geglio Paulo César , Jezine Mesquita Araújo Edineide , Pereira de Lima Rodrigues Ferreira Raquel
Published: October 2023

O texto situa-se no cenário da política de avalição da pós-graduação a partir do modelo multidimensional criado pelo consórcio europeu U-Multirank (UMR) e adotado na avaliação quadrienal (2017–2020) pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), que passa a utilizar na dimensão Formação o quesito/item egresso como um indicador de avaliação a partir do destaque da produção, destino, atuação e formação recebida. Ao considerar esses critérios avaliativos, o texto objetiva analisar o respectivo item a partir da experiência do Programa de Políticas Públicas, Gestão e Avaliação da Educação Superior (PPGAES), um programa de mestrado profissional destinado a servidores de universidades públicas. Os dados de questionário aplicado aos egressos, além de traçar o perfil dos egressos, procuram evidenciar a trajetória de formação profissional, a percepção deles sobre o curso de mestrado realizado, o resultado do trabalho dissertativo e a relação de aplicabilidade do produto no ambiente profissional institucional. Em uma perspectiva de avaliação formativa, a política de acompanhamento de egressos do PPGAES possibilita perceber o próprio curso, seus potenciais e carências em um processo de autoavaliação.
APPLICATION OF THE GROWING TREES METHOD FOR OPTIMIZING PLANS OF MULTIFACTOR EXPERIMENTS
Authors:   The National Aerospace University «Kharkiv Aviation Institute», Koshovyi M.D. , Pylypenko O.T. ,   The National Aerospace University «Kharkiv Aviation Institute»
Published: October 2023

Nowadays, the high cost of production and resources is the problem in the world, because of this, the issue of optimizing production to reduce the use of resources becomes acute. The research of the experiment at the initial stage makes it possible to reduce resource costs due to detailed analysis. For this we identify steps that we can simplify, which saves resources during production or research. Most often, experiments are multifactorial and related to the search for optimal conditions, selection of the most rational equipment and high-quality raw materials. There is a need to increase the effectiveness of experimental research. These researches allow us to study objects in detail, which provides the ability to obtain more information and offers conditions for their optimization. In the process of researching objects, it is necessary to build their mathematical models, which allow us to determine a rational ratio of parameters. Experiment planning allows for calculating the most effective order of performing experiments and studying the influence of individual factors on optimization criteria. The use of experimental planning methods helps in obtaining the maximum amount of useful information with minimal cost and time spent. This article examines the growing tree method for cost optimization of multifactor experimental plans. To confirm its functionality and effectiveness, a comparative analysis is conducted with existing optimization methods. The method is inspired by the evolution of growing trees and includes the stages of planting and growth. An algorithm and software that implement this method have been developed. The software implementation of the algorithm is made with the help of the framework Angular. In the study of technological processes, the functionality and effectiveness of the method of growing trees for cost optimization of plans of multifactor experiments has been proven. It has been compared with the bacterial optimization method and the method based on the use of the Gray code. The object of research: the process of optimization of plans of multifactor experiments according to its cost. The subject of study: growing tree method for cost optimization of multifactor experimental plans and software implementing it.
Classification of Terms in Patent Law
Authors: Balashova A. I.
Published: October 2023

The paper attempts to explore the complex of patent legal terms as a separate group of terms in civil law through the prism of the elements that make up this set. The classification was carried out in two stages. At the first stage, taking into account the approaches developed in the science of civil law, seven bases of division and the features of their application to patent legal terms are considered. At the second stage, five additional grounds for dividing patent legal terms into groups are proposed. The analysis of the elements identified as a result of the classification made it possible to formulate conclusions about the features of urgent regulation of patent-legal relations: a high degree of certainty and at the same time flexibility of temporary regulation; about the absence of certain deadlines and the presence of specific groups of deadlines in connection with the peculiarities of the subject of regulation of patent law and the focus of patent legislation on the creation of favorable conditions for scientific, scientific-technical and other types of creative activities.
Survival of unconstrained ceramic wrist joint implants
Authors: Aleksandrov T. I. , Simonova E. N. , Lukinov V. L.
Published: October 2023

Introduction Survival of implants is an important indicator of improvement in the patient's quality of life. In foreign literature, the issue of implant survival finds special attention.

The aim of the work was to evaluate the efficacy and survival of an unconstrained ceramic wrist joint endoprosthesis.

Materials and methods We analysed 83 cases of total wrist arthroplasty with an unconstrained ceramic implant at long-term follow-up. At the Novosibirsk RSITO, total wrist arthroplasty was performed in 81 patients with severe changes in the wrist joint from 2011 to 2021. Two patients underwent arthroplasty on two joints. A retrospective uncontrolled cohort study was conducted which divided the hospitalized patients into three groups according to the etiological cause of the disease. Radiological methods were used to control the state of the implant (radiography in two projections and CT-scans of the wrist joint). For binary indicators, the number, rates and 95 % confidence interval of frequencies were calculated according to the Wilson formula in the groups. Comparison was carried out by Fisher's exact two-sided test. The p-error was corrected using the Benjamini – Hochberg method. Kaplan – Meier curves were constructed for survival analysis. The groups were compared using a generalized chi-square test.

Results Each case of repeated surgical intervention was evaluated from the standpoint of selected groups. Depending on the time elapsed from surgery to revision, we calculated the time frame for overall and group survival of the components of the wrist joint endoprosthesis. The causes and scope of surgical revision are presented.

Discussion There are no data on the survival of unconstrained ceramic wrist joint implants in the foreign literature. Graphic images according to a proposal for the division of the orthopaedic postoperative period are presented. Conclusions 1. Intermediate conclusions in regard to total arthroplasty with an unconstrained ceramic endoprosthesis of the wrist joint inspire optimism in obtaining a stable positive effect of motion range lost due to the degenerative process in the wrist joint. 2. An 11-year follow-up period demonstrates that the survival rate of an unconstrained ceramic wrist endoprosthesis is 88 %.
Biomechanics of the proximal interphalangeal joint after total joint replacement
Authors: Kotelnikov G. P. , Kolsanov A. V. , Nikolaenko A. N. , Zgirskii D. O. , Doroganov S. O.
Published: October 2023

Introduction Small joints arthroplasty of the hand including the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) is associated with the need to create anatomically adapted structures using optimal materials. Introduction of a new medical device requires comprehensive preclinical testing.

The objective was to determine a range of loads allowed for the proximal interphalangeal joint after arthroplasty through analyzing the biomechanics to prevent critical conditions and complications.

Methods A full-ceramic non-constrained anatomically adapted proximal interphalangeal joint implant was developed between 2016 and 2021 using an integrated approach with preclinical trials and a clinical study of 42 patients (25 males, 17 females) with PIPJ arthritis. A digital endoprosthesis was created with 3D-modelling. Critical conditions for the digital model imitating typical joint movements were explored with the use of finite element method and the findings to be employed in clinical practice.

Results A stable biomechanical construct was intact with loads of 5 kilograms and a motion ranging from 0 to 60 degrees, with loads of 20 kilograms and a motion ranging between 0 and 30 degrees. Cortical bone could sustain loads up to 20 kilograms with a motion ranging between 0 and 60 degrees. Discussion Load capacity of the implant was explored considering the strength of bone tissue and zirconium ceramics as a material. The study set a vector for the development of the optimal mode of motor activity early after surgery and indicated the optimal range of motion to be applied after PIPJ arthroplasty.

Conclusion The load up to 5 kg was optimal for the patient to be applied early after surgery with the range of flexion measuring less that 90°. The patient could use a load of 5 to 20 kg with flexion in the proximal interphalangeal joint measuring less than 30°. Endoprosthetic components were likely to get dislocated with a load of 20 kg and flexion angle of greater than 30°. Periprosthetic fracture could occur with flexion angle of greater than 60°.
The effect of previous surgical treatment on the outcome of total hip replacement in young patients with dysplastic coxarthrosis
Authors: Teplenkiy M. P. , Kaminsky A. V. , Fozilov D. T.
Published: October 2023

Introduction Hip dysplasia of various genesis is recognized as a common cause of coxarthrosis. Total hip replacement (THR) is the operation of choice for the patients with the final stage of the pathological process. There are different opinions on the impact of previous surgical treatment of hip dysplasia on THR.

The aim of the study was to explore the effects of previous surgical treatment on the outcomes of THR in young patients with dysplastic and secondary coxarthrosis.

Material and methods Surgical outcomes of 78 patients (58 females and 20 males; 91 joints) with dysplastic and secondary coxarthrosis (age 14-30 years, average age 24.3 ± 4.3 years) treated witrh THR were retrospectively reviewed. Patients we assigned to two groups. Group I (control) included 27 patients (33 joints) with dysplastic coxarthrosis primarily treated with THR. Group II (treatment group) included 51 patients (58 joints) who had previously undergone THR.

Results Patients of group II demonstrated longer duration of surgery by 47.89 %, greater blood loss by 16.92 % and the higher complication rate by 42.1 %.

Discussion The treatment group showed a significantly increased frequency of late complications in the form of implant instability. Patients of group II dermonstrated better functional results estimated with HHS as compared to the outcomes of patients of group I.

Conclusion Hip reconstructions performed earlier were associated with technical difficulties, aggressive THR procedure, a greater risk of late complications, but showed no significant effect on the outcomes.
Comparison of the strength characteristics of a carbon friction pair of a hip joint endoprosthesis, including components from monolithic or non-monolithic pyrolytic carbon
Authors: Mitroshin A. N. , Ksenofontov M. A. , Kosmynin D. A.
Published: October 2023

Introduction The problem a large number of revision operations due to aseptic loosening after primary hip arthroplasty necessitates the search for a new material for a friction pair. The pyrocarbon, which has high tribological characteristics, can be used both in a monolithic and in a prefabricated design; however, the manufacture of a monolithic pyrocarbon block complicates production.

Aim Compare the strength characteristics of the stem head and liner designs with monolithic and non-monolithic pyrocarbon.

Materials and methods To assess the reliability of the designs, a digital mathematical model of the head and liner implants with a monolithic and non-monolithic pyrocarbon component was built. After the manufacture of prototypes friction pairs, an assessment of the static load on bench tests was carried out.

Results While analyzing the mathematical model, the construct of non‑monolithic pyrocarbon broke in one of the experiments, while the strength of the construct of monolithic pyrocarbon was 4.5 times higher than the stresses arising under load. While studying the maximum static load, the friction pair from monolithic pyrocarbon exceeded the maximum possible load in the human hip joint by 5 times.

Discussion The studies allow us to be confident about the reliability of the design in in vitro studies, which will create conditions for reducing the number of revision surgeries after hip arthroplasty.

Conclusion Based on the data obtained, the design of the head and liner of the hip joint endoprosthesis with a friction pair made of carbon material will provide high reliability under conditions of functioning in the hip joint at maximum loads. It serves as a prerequisite for conducting a clinical study of the proposed friction pair.
Correlation between whole-blood serotonin level and flexible pes planovalgus deformity in children and adolescents
Authors: Aranovich A. M. , Winderlich M. E. , Shchekolova N. B.
Published: October 2023

Introduction Timely diagnosis, etiopathogenesis, treatment and prevention of the progression of pediatric flexible pes planovalgus (FPPV) are essential to prevent irreversible complications.

The objective was to determine a correlation between whole-blood serotonin level and flexible pes planovalgus in children and adolescents over a period of four years with progression of the condition.

Material and methods The whole-blood serotonin level was measured in children and adolescents aged 5-15 years with FPPV and compared with data from photoplantograms, a pronation angle of the calcaneus and radiographs of the feet. Based on serotonin measurements and photoplantograms, two groups were identified according to the course of flexible pes planovalgus and measurements during the next four years.

Results Normal serotonin levels were maintained in the non-progressive FPPV group throughout the study with a 9.2 % decrease in the pronation of the calcaneus at 4 years. Progressive FPPV patients showed higher serum serotonin at one year with a 38.3 % increase at 4 years, increased pronation of the calcaneus by 21.2% and radiologically decreased height of the arch by 18.7 %. A moderate correlation between whole-blood serotonin levels, pronation of the calcaneus and the height of the foot arch was radiologically revealed in patients with a different course of FPPV. Analysis of the diagnostic effectiveness of the whole-blood serotonin test in patients with FPPV showed high sensitivity and specificity in predicting the risk of progression of FPPV.

Discussion Literature review showed a paucity of research on clinical and laboratory detection of the progression of FPPV and examination of neurotransmitter mechanisms in the foot pathology. Plantography, 3D scanning and radiography were the main methods for the diagnosis of the flat feet.

Conclusion The correlation between whole-blood serotonin level and flexible pes planovalgus in children and adolescents was identified and suggested involvement of the serotoninergic system in the formation and progression of foot pathology.
Revision total hip arthroplasty with custom-made hip implant for Paprosky type IV femoral bone loss
Authors: Kovaldov K. A. , Morozova E. A. , Gerasimov E. A. , Gerasimov S. A.
Published: October 2023

Introduction Replacement of extensive Paprosky type IIIB and type IV bone loss is a challenge in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA).

The purpose was to demonstrate the possibility of femoral reconstruction in proximal femur bone loss using a custom-made implant for revision THA.

Material and methods We report a case of a 72-year-old patient with an extensive Paprosky type IV femoral defect, which was replaced using a custom-made modular component.

Results The femoral defect was successfully augmented with a custom-made modular component, and the hip function was restored. The locking mechanism of the constrained system failed at 6 months with the joint remained stable. The patient could ambulate with additional support. VAS, HHS and HOOS scores measured before and after 2 years showed positive dynamics.

Discussion Paprosky type IIIB and type IV defects are a challenge for revision hip arthroplasty. There is a variety of surgical options with outcomes being ambiguous. Modular and monoblock tapered stems, the technique of impacted bone graft have been reported to have excellent results in revision THA with Paprosky type III and IV defects. A custom-made femoral component was developed based on the principle of modular stems. Joint stability is a concomitant problem with a severe bone defect that can be addressed with a double mobility or constrained system. Both methods are associated with a sufficient number of complications.

Conclusion Replacement of a Paprosky type IV femoral defect with a custom-made modular component demonstrated satisfactory outcomes at a two‑year follow-up. The patient had no complaints, could ambulate unassisted using an elbow crutch and positively evaluated the result of treatment.
Ceramic-related noise as an adverse outcome in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Tashtanov B. R. , Kirilova I. A. , Pavlova D. V. , Pavlov V. V.
Published: October 2023

Introduction Ceramic hip replacement bearings have shown to be low wearing and biocompatible. The last two generations of Biolox Forte and Biolox Delta ceramics have have established themselves as durable bearings. However, squeaking and noise from ceramic bearing THRs is well recognised in the 21st century.

The objective was to explore the problem of noise in the ceramic bearing of THA based on the analysis of the foreign and Russian literature.

Material and methods In presented the analysis of Foreign and Russian literature searches for the review were produced according to PRISMA recommendations using PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, eLibrary. MINOR was used to assess the methodological quality of articles.

Results and Discussion Noise in ceramics is observed in 37.7 %. There are many theories on the origin and mechanism of noise including liner impingement and loading, film disruption, third body, microseparation and resonance. However, there is still no consensus on what is noise in the ceramic bearing and how to solve this problem.

Conclusion Literature review of ceramic bearing indicated enough unanswered questions. The noise may play a role as a predictor of improper use of endoprosthesis with accumulated database resulting in better understanding of the phenomenon, methods of the correction and timely prevention of ceramic breakage.
El territorio es la vida, y la vida no se vende, se ama y se defiende
Authors:   Universidad Icesi, Triviño Monar Manuela , Montoya Díaz Juan Camilo ,   Universidad Icesi, ASOMUAFROYO  ,   Asociación de Mujeres Afrodescendientes de Yolombó
Published: October 2023

Este libro nos adentra en las vidas de lideresas afrodescendientes rurales del Norte del Cauca, Colombia, quienes se dedican con fervor al cuidado del medio ambiente y a la construcción de paz. A través de sus relatos y memorias, nos invitan a explorar sus modos de vida y sus visiones sobre un mundo pacífico. Cada historia, desde la lucha contra el encarcelamiento de sus antepasados, pasando por sus múltiples esfuerzos por retirar las retroexcavadoras que realizan minería ilegal en el río Ovejas, hasta el destierro provocado por la construcción de la carretera de Suárez y la represa de Salvajina, nos sumerge en su incansable lucha por la defensa del territorio y su resistencia ante diversas formas de violencia. En este viaje, estas mujeres afrodescendientes nos ofrecen unos lentes para comprender la realidad colombiana desde las perspectivas que históricamente han sido invisibilizadas. Al adentrarnos en sus vivencias, confrontamos los devastadores impactos del racismo, el patriarcado, el conflicto armado, el extractivismo y algunos proyectos de desarrollo en la Colombia rural. Más allá de visibilizar sus vivencias, esta obra inspira a ser resilientes, a perdonar y a vivir sabroso mientras nos reconectamos con nuestras raíces, la sociedad y las diversas formas de vida. Nos impulsa a construir un mundo sustentable, justo, inclusivo y en paz.
Effectiveness of play and learn strategies on knowledge regarding prevention of child abuse among preschoolers and their mothers at selected Anganwadis of Vijaypur
Authors: Kamble Anita , K. Kavita , Varghese Aleyamma , Desai Shrikant
Published: October 2023

Background: Abuse, especially of children, is a widespread problem. It is crucial to be aware of the warning signs of child abuse and neglect and take preventative measures. The World Health Organisation estimated that 1 billion children (Aged 2-17 yrs) had been victims of violence in 2017. In 2014, UNICEF said that sexual abuse affected 120 million children worldwide. Mental and physical health may be permanently damaged. Objective was to assess the knowledge and to evaluate the effectiveness of the play and learn strategies (PALS) regarding prevention of child abuse among pre-schooler and their mothers.
Methods: This study employed the "One group Pre-test, Post-test" pre-experimental design. Non-probability purposive sampling was used. The sample includes 100 mothers and 100 preschoolers. A pre- and post-test self-administered knowledge questionnaire was employed. Data were examined using descriptive and inferential statistics to meet study aims.
Results: Present study indicates considerable pre-test knowledge level (p<0.05) among students. After intervention (Play and learn technique), preschoolers' post-test knowledge score improved to 7.86 from 5.16. The mean post-test knowledge score of mothers was 17.6 following intervention, compared to 5.93 pre-test. Education improves preschoolers' and mothers' post-test child abuse prevention knowledge, according to research.
Conclusions: Investigators found toddlers prone to child maltreatment. Play and learn performed well to teach kids about child abuse prevention.
Characterization and scanning electron microscopy of Malassezia species isolated from central line tips of neonates on total parenteral nutrition
Authors: Thayikkannu Ambujavalli B. , Kindo Anupma J. , Veeraraghavan Mahalakshmi , Panchanathan Suresh , A. Prakash , Ninan Binu
Published: October 2023

Background: Aim of this study was to demonstrate colonization by Malassezia species in the central lines of very low birth weight newborns on total parental nutrition (TPN). We also aimed to perform scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of central line tip cut sections to document the quality of the biofilm, cell structure, micro-colony characteristics, and the presence of extracellular matrix.
Methods: We collected central line tips of very low birth weight newborns (<1.5 kg) over a one-year period. We included a total of 63 samples, which were cultured on slants along with controls purchased from CBS Netherlands. We incubated the cultures at 32°C and observed them every two days for three weeks. Once growth occurred, we phenotypically identified the cultures and observed the central line tip cut sections with SEM.
Results: Among the 63 central line tips, two (3.1%) were colonized by Malassezia. We observed a visible biofilm on the tips. We confirmed the phenotypic identification of the isolates as M. furfur and M. restricta by gene sequencing.
Conclusions: Our study revealed Malassezia colonization in the central line used for total parenteral nutrition. Hence, it is important to have a high index of suspicion towards Malassezia catheter-related blood stream infection in newborns on TPN with a clinical picture of fever (in spite of antibiotic therapy), leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia with cardiac disease, and pulmonary infiltrates. The outbreak potential of Malassezia warrants preventive steps, and early identification and treatment.
A study of clinical profile and outcome in children with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Karuna  , V. Sumitra , K. Shilpa
Published: October 2023

Background: Objective was to analyse the clinical profile of children diagnosed with Dilated cardiomyopathy and to correlate the same with the severity and functional status on 2-D echocardiography.
Methods: It was a prospective, retrospective and observational study. A total of 150 subjects were selected from patients visiting the cardiology OPD, admitted in medical wards, paediatric Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary care referral centre. The demographic profile, symptomatology, heart functions and compliance were recorded. The cases were evaluated by detailed history, general and cardiovascular examination and laboratory investigations along with 2D echocardiography.
Results: The demographic profile is significant as the age at diagnosis predicts the risk of mortality with older children having the worst outcome. A significant association observed between decreasing ejection fraction and increasing mortality with a p value (p=0.02). Signs of pedal edema and hepatomegaly are associated with unfavourable outcome with a significant p value of (p=0.03). The overall prognosis of children with Dilated cardiomyopathy steadily improved with timely use of appropriate medications. Only 1 patient in this study had undergone orthotopic heart transplant at the age of 15 years (case of chemotherapy induced Dilated cardiomyopathy).
Conclusions: Dilated cardiomyopathy is a difficult entity to treat in children as most cases are idiopathic and the therapy remains mostly supportive. Hypovitaminosis-D and hypocalcemia are common treatable causes of dilated cardiomyopathy in children and must be ruled out in all cases of dilated cardiomyopathy. Patients refractory to medical therapy should be considered for ventricular assist devices and orthotopic heart transplantation.
Profile, risk factors for severe disease and predictors of mortality in children with COVID-19: experience from a tertiary COVID-care center in India
Authors: Sahi Puneet Kaur , Pallavi  , Saxena Romit , Jhamb Urmila
Published: October 2023

Background: Knowledge of pediatric COVID-19 is important to determine those at risk for severe disease and mortality. There is limited data on risk factors for development of severe disease and predictors of mortality amongst children with COVID-19, especially from the developing nations. We aimed to study the profile, risk factors for severe COVID-19 and predictors of mortality in children with laboratory confirmed COVID-19.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted from April to September 2020 in the Department of Pediatrics of a referral COVID-care hospital in Northern-India. All children 1 month to 18 years of age, hospitalized in the Pediatrics Department and having a positive Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 infection on their combined oro-nasopharyngeal swab were enrolled.
Results: A total of 335 SARS-CoV-2 positive children were enrolled with median age of 6 years, slight male predominance (54%) and 24.4% infants. Commonest presentations were respiratory (47.7%), gastrointestinal (33.3%) and neurological (14.9%) with moderate/severe disease in 24%, mortality in 4.8%, co-morbidities in 20.5% and co-infections in 17.9%. Risk factors for severe disease were underlying co-infection (p=0.017), associated tuberculosis (p=0.0015), associated culture positive bacterial sepsis (p=<0.001) and being underweight (p<0.001). Overweight/obese children had less severe COVID-19 (p=0.0016). Predictors of mortality were co-infections (p=0.0019), hypoxia (p<0.001), neurological manifestations (p=0.016), acute respiratory distress syndrome (p<0.001), acute kidney injury (p=0.05), shock (p<0.001), thrombocytopenia (p=0.021), leucopenia (p=0.028), lymphopenia (p=0.021), high Neutrophil:Lymphocyte ratio (p=0.02), coagulopathy (p=0.02), azotemia (p=0.038) and raised creatinine (p=0.05).
Conclusions: Children with identified risk factors for severe disease and mortality should receive prioritized treatment.
Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome: a rare genodermatosis
Authors: Thomas Naviya Mary
Published: October 2023

A 6 month old female child was admitted with complaints of delayed developmental milestones and multiple hyperpigmented patches on the trunk, limbs, axilla and groin. At birth the baby had diffuse vesciculo-bullous rash. Currently the child has global developmental delay with seizures with investigations suggesting the same. Clinically the child was diagnosed as a case of Incontinentia pigmenti. Early identification of this condition with a multi disiplinary approach is associated with better outcomes.
Advancing a Just Transition in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Alfonso Mariana , Bagolle Alexandre , Baptista Dulce , Bos maría Soledad , Fazekas Andreas , Schwartz Liora , Vogth-Schilb Adrien , Urquidi Manuel
Published: October 2023

To contain the climate crisis and meet the Paris Agreements goal of limiting global warming to 1.5C above pre-industrial levels by 2050, countries around the world need to undergo deep socio-economic transformations towards carbon neutrality. This transition towards net-zero can take many forms and pathways for each economic sector, but regardless of its shape, there will be winners and losers. For countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), for example, achieving this goal can bring significant net financial benefits, estimated at 1% of the regions GDP by 2030. But if not well managed, the transition runs the risk of increasing inequality and exclusion. For that reason, countries in the region should be mindful of ensuring that it is just and that its benefits are distributed equitably. They should also ensure that its negative impacts are avoided, or that policies to reduce and compensate for negative impacts, especially for low-income households, are introduced. The impacts range from the transformations of jobs, skills, households and communities to fiscal stability and challenges to the political economy. This document identifies the social impacts of the transition to net-zero for Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). It discusses how a just transition is included in the climate change agenda and presents a set of actions that governments in the region can take to ensure that the transition to net-zero is just and inclusive.
Anesthesia and surgery induce changes in endogenous brain protective protein (RNF146) and delirium-like behavior in aged rats
Authors: Gao Yubo , Han Xu , Li Xiuhua , Tang Shaling , Zhang Chun , Yang Xiaoxia , Alhomrani Majid , Alamri Abdulhakeem S. , Nabi Ghulam , Ni Xinli
Published: October 2023

Background: Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common complication after anesthesia and surgery, especially in the elderly. RNF146 has neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemia, hypoxia, and chronic neurological diseases. However, whether RNF146 expression is related to the occurrence and development of POD remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine whether RNF146 is involved in the occurrence of POD. Methods: (Sprague-Dawley) male rats (18 months old) were splenectomized under sevoflurane anesthesia. The cognitive function of rats at 1, 3, and 7 d after anesthesia and surgery was evaluated. Changes in the expression of neuroinflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IL-10, and RNF146 were measured in the hippocampus in both control group (con) and anesthesia (AS) group. We examined cognitive outcomes and expression of inflammatory factors and RNF146 in con and AS mice using cluster analysis. Results: The cognitive ability and mobility of rats after anesthesia and surgery at day 1, 3, and 7 decreased, especially at day 3. Similarly, the expression of neuroinflammatory factors and RNF146 increased after anesthesia and surgery at day 1, 3, and 7, and the increase was highest at day 3. The clustering and correlation analysis of RNF146 expression in the hippocampi of elderly rats revealed a correlation between POD and neuroinflammation resulting from anesthesia and surgery. Conclusion: Anesthesia and surgery can lead to POD and neuroinflammation. The expression of RNF146 correlates with delirium and neuroinflammation caused by anesthesia and surgery.
Análise Organizacional: A Influência da Estrutura Organizacional na Cultura Empresarial
Authors: Silva Larissa Vieira da , Santos Pedro Paulo Dourado dos , Oliveira Dion Alves de , Silva Milton Euclides da , Nora Leonardo Augusto Rodrigues da Silva , Ferreira Alves Simone de Freitas
Published: October 2023

A análise organizacional estuda a estrutura e operações das organizações usando o organograma como uma ferramenta para representar sua hierarquia. A pesquisa qualitativa busca analisar como a estrutura e os organogramas influenciam a cultura organizacional em empresas de diferentes setores. O objetivo é identificar tipos de estruturas utilizados, analisar a relação entre eles e a cultura, e verificar diferenças na cultura de empresas de diferentes setores. Isso pode impactar a produtividade, satisfação dos funcionários e eficiência organizacional. A estrutura organizacional é crucial para a eficiência e eficácia, sendo uma base para análises. Métodos qualitativos, incluindo análise de conteúdo, são empregados para investigar a interação entre estrutura, organogramas e cultura. Estudos de caso ilustram a aplicação prática dessas análises em diferentes setores. A pesquisa visa fornecer insights valiosos sobre práticas de gestão e melhorias na eficiência organizacional. A conclusão destaca a importância dessas análises para o sucesso das organizações, promovendo melhorias contínuas e adequações ao cenário competitivo.
Posthuman Pedagogy of the Common Worlds of Children and Animals – From Independence to Relationality
Authors: Kowalik-Olubińska Małgorzata
Published: October 2023

The author’s intent is to describe the concept of pedagogy of the common worlds of children and animals embedded in the framework of posthuman philosophy. In its assumptions, the child’s essence is tightly connected to non-human beings, individuals and forces, existing in the common worlds of life. Children and animals living in those worlds are not beings separated from one another, but relational and causative ones, affecting and influencing each other. The pedagogy of the common worlds of children and animals is broadly understood as an educational practice, which allows children to maintain non-hierarchical relations with animals during interspecies encounters. It offers children an unconventional way of discovering, exploring and acting, because it allows them not to learn “about” the world, but rather to learn together “with” the world. Staying in heterogeneous common worlds and establishing deep relations with them is hence connected with the need to care about the common good. It can provide people and non-human beings with a successful existence now and in the future.
The Power of Words – An Example of Action Supporting Children’s Self-Esteem
Authors: Bartoszewicz Magdalena
Published: October 2023

The article describes the issue of positive psychology and its application to education, as well as concepts such as well-being and quality of life. Attention was paid to selfesteem and the role of adults in building self-esteem in children. The organization of the study is described, and the self-esteem-supporting activities used at the one of the preschool and school institution in Bialystok.