bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redefining the theory of Engineering for Relevance in the 21st Centuryin Africa
Authors:   Institute for Systems Science Durban University of Technology., Fomunyam Kehdinga George
Published: November 2020

Academia and professionals’ attention has been drawn towards redefining theory of engineering for relevance in the 21st century. This has become an imperative as it has brought changes in engineering courses, and yet engineering curriculum have not been modified to accommodate these changes. With increased intellectual demand for ground-breaking engineering performance in Africa, African engineering institutions are still lagging behind as they are yet to meet up with the 21st century needs; hence the crux of this paper. This paper was guided by Jean Piaget’s constructivism learning theory, focusing on individual’s understanding and knowledge, rooted on one’s experience erstwhile to learning setting. This paper takes a broad look at the overall investigation of redefining the theory of engineering for relevance in 21st century in Africa. The specific objectives explore the principles of theory of engineering as well as its applicability and to examine how theory of engineering can be improved for contextual relevance, as well as its implications for 21st centuryengineering curriculum. Thus, to address this gaps, recommendations on redefinition and relevance of theory of engineering pertaining to curriculum revision and providing adequate staff development for engineering educators with intellectual capacityand skill improvement were recommended.
Chaos Theory as Relevance for Engineering Education in the Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in Africa
Authors:   Institute for Systems Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa., Fomunyam Kehdinga George
Published: November 2020

In the fourth industrial revolution (4IR)period, an inclusion of Chaos Theory (CT) in Engineering education (EE) and its significant relevance have involved debates from engineering academia and industrial professional over the years. Thus, much has been done to recall relevance for EE, yet EE has not attained Sustainable Development Goal for educational target, in areas of research relevance, curriculum restructuring, and learning materials/instructional platforms redesigning are still lacking in engineering academia and profession in Africa. With much sensitization on inclusion of CT to instil EE relevance in Africa, is still far from addressing EE gaps; hence the crux of this paper. This paper was guided by Chaos theory providing definite perception which involves equilibrium constructs that are crucial in EE. This paper focused on the concept of CT as its relevance in EE in the4IR in Africa. In particular, it explores how CT can enhance relevance in EE; and how the principles of CT can improve the EE relevance, as well as its implications in Africa. Thus, to address these gaps, recommendations such as developing nonchaotic curriculum for EE, adopting Chaos theoretical principles in facilitating staff training and students’ skill development were advocated.
MIMO Based Cognitive Radio Network with Efficient Spectrum Utilization
Authors:   Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Government College of Engineering, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India, Patil S. M. , Patil A. J. ,   Shri Gulabrao Deokar College of Engineering, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India.
Published: November 2020

This paper presents an energy-efficient power control scheme for Multi-Input–Multi-Output (MIMO) based multi-channel cognitive radio networks (CRNs) with adaptive mode selection protocol. Cognitive radio device operates in the temporal domain to utilize spectrum holes and MIMO system operates in the spatial domain. Thus CRN in collaboration with MIMO can produce a significant improvisation for spectrum utilization, and therefore, the integration of MIMO and CRN has received widespread research interest. To address the challenges of the collaboration of MIMO and CRN, we propose a MIMO based CRN network in this paper, in which basic CRN is modified with the QPSK transmission technique having four antenna elements per primary users (PU) and secondary users (SU). Similarly, MIMO significantly improves channel capacity particularly in SU transmission under low SNR condition, but issues like several antenna elements and specific antenna selection issues increase the computational complexity and energy consumption. The proposed network protocol strives to improve communication stability and rate of throughput via selecting the MIMO operating parameters such as multiplexing, diversity, or hybrid multiplexing-diversity gains. Specifically, we designed transmission power distribution along with an antenna selection scheme for enhancing the energy efficiency of CRN’s under the influence of the maximum interference caused by the SU to PU, utmost power transmission from SU, and the least rate of transmission through the SU link. Finally, the simulation results are compared with basic CRN alone using the BPSK scheme to evaluate and validate the proposed scheme.
Joint optimisation of privacy and cost of in-app mobile user profiling and targeted ads
Authors: Ullah Imdad
Published: November 2020

Online mobile advertising ecosystems provide advertising and analytics services that collect, aggregate, process and trade rich amount of consumer's personal data and carries out interests-based ads targeting, which raised serious privacy risks and growing trends of users feeling uncomfortable while using internet services. In this paper, we address user's privacy concerns by developing an optimal dynamic optimisation cost-effective framework for preserving user privacy for profiling, ads-based inferencing, temporal apps usage behavioral patterns and interest-based ads targeting. A major challenge in solving this dynamic model is the lack of knowledge of time-varying updates during profiling process. We formulate a mixed-integer optimisation problem and develop an equivalent problem to show that proposed algorithm does not require knowledge of time-varying updates in user behavior. Following, we develop an online control algorithm to solve equivalent problem using Lyapunov optimisation and to overcome difficulty of solving nonlinear programming by decomposing it into various cases and achieve trade-off between user privacy, cost and targeted ads. We carry out extensive experimentations and demonstrate proposed framework's applicability by implementing its critical components using POC `System App'. We compare proposed framework with other privacy protecting approaches and investigate that it achieves better privacy and functionality for various performance parameters.
Childhood Seeligmüller Strümpell Philip Disease: The First Case in Iraq and a Review of the Early Historic Documentation of the Disease in the Literature
Authors: AJ Al-Mosawi
Published: November 2020

Seeligmüller Strümpell Philip disease is characterized by familial progressive spastic paraplegia or paraparesis associated with a progressive deterioration of gait. The disorder is genetically heterogeneous and can be inherited in an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive or X-linked recessive manner. The mode of inheritance involved has a direct impact on the chances of inheriting the disorder. The cornerstone of treatment is the use of various muscle relaxants. The disorder has not been reported or documented in Iraq. This paper aims to report the first case of childhood Seeligmüller Strümpell Philip disease in an Iraqi girl.
Patients and Methods: A thirteen-year girl with childhood Seeligmüller Strümpell Philip disease who developed systemic lupus erythematosus is described and the early historic documentation of Seeligmüller Strümpell Philip disease in the medical literature is briefly updated.
Results: The diagnosis of Seeligmüller Strümpell Philip disease in this girl was based on clinical findings and supported by electromyography and nerve conduction studies. Brain MRI showed normal findings. Few weeks before the patient was seen, they took her outside Iraq to Medipol Mega complex of Hospitals for treatment. They performed tenotomy and tenoplasty of the hip adductors, achilloplasty, and posterior capsule relaxation. When the girl was first seen at the Children Teaching Hospital of Baghdad Medical City, the parents regretted taking her outside Iraq for treatment as she didn’t show any improvement, and was still using the wheelchair.
Conclusion: Unfortunately, the girl was seen too late, and despite consulting many doctors in Iraq and outside Iraq, she didn’t receive appropriate evidence based treatment and was treated unsatisfactorily surgically.
Medicine, Court and Logical Sense
Authors: GG Buttigieg , KM Stafrace
Published: November 2020

In teaching the rudiments of the 1957 Bolam test as ‘reined’ in by the Bolitho principle, it is invariable for at least one student to ask “is it not obvious that explanations must make logical sense to the Court?” Which invariably raises the point in my mind, “The question should be: The Bolitho principle demands that Bolam oriented statements makes logical sense to whom? Is it to the Court? Is it to any independent observer?”
The Administration of Xultophy for Diabetic Patients on Hemodialysis
Authors: T Fujikawa , Y Kato , H Bando , H Kakutani , T Kawata , M Yamamoto , K Wada , K Ishikura , Y Shirai , M Narutaki , S Matsuzaki , S Waka
Published: November 2020

Background: Recent diabetic treatments include Insulin Degludec/ liraglutide (IDeg/Lira, Xultophy) in clinical practice. Authors have continued clinical research concerning diabetes, chronic renal failure, dialysis, and others. Subjects and Methods: Ten patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) undergoing hemodialysis were investigated. They showed that ages 74.5 ± 5.9 years, M/F=6/4, BMI 21.1± 3.8kg/m2, hemodialysis duration 8.1 ± 5.7 years. At the beginning, fundamental data were Cre 8.2 ± 1.9 mg/dL, HbA1c 6.5 ± 0.8%. Xultophy was started on 5-12 doses and continued for 6 months with the same or 1-4 increased doses for better glycemic variability. Results: Out of 10 subjects, the changes in HbA1c showed a decrease in 7, stable in 2, and an increase in 1. HbA1c value was 6.2 ± 0.8% in average at 6 months. There were no remarkable adverse effects by Xultophy for 6 months. Discussion and Conclusion: Xultophy was started at 5-12 doses, which were remarkably lower doses than usual doses with satisfactory efficacy. One of the reasons may be from the characteristic of the patients, who were diabetic with undergoing hemodialysis. Another factor is possibly from liraglutide, which has hepatic clearance with potential vascular protective effects. These results are expected to become reference data for future research.
The Sister Joseph's Nodule Historical Perspective Presentation of a Clinical (Own) Case Discussion and Review of the Literature
Authors: M Hunis , AP Hunis
Published: November 2020

In this article, we present a patient in our series with a rare presentation of her disease, metastasis in the navel, due to disseminated ovarian cancer. This clinical situation is named after an American nun. Sister María José. We describe the history of the religious, the illness of our patient and we discuss medical and pathophysiological aspects as a contribution to medical casuistry.
التحليل المكاني للكفاءتين الوظيفية والمكانية لمدارس مرحلة التعليم الأساسي بالفرع البلدي الزروق بلدية مصراتة "دراسة في جغرافية الخدمات التعليمية"
Authors: جهان مصطفى منصور , الصول أبوبكر علي
Published: November 2020

تناولت الورقة الكفاءة الوظيفية والكفاءة المكانية لمدارس التعليم الأساسي المنتشرة على الرقعة الجغرافية داخل النطاق العمراني للفرع البلدي الزروق ببلدية مصراتة، وأثر ذلك على مستوى الخدمات التي تقدمها هذه المؤسسات وقدرتها على تلبية متطلبات المنطقة التي تعد مركزا حضريا ذو أهمية بالغة؛ لقربه من مركز مدينة مصراتة ولكثافته السكانية وتنوع أنشطته الاقتصادية، كما بينت الدراسة العلاقة بين الزيادة في حجم السكان وأعداد المدارس وقياس مدى كفاءتها المكانية والوظيفية. اعتمدت الدراسة في تحليل توزيع المدارس مكانيا على أدوات التحليل المكاني فيGIs، واستخدام المعايير السكانية والمساحية كمعايير الزيادة والنقص في عدد المدارس مقارنة مع عدد السكان. توصل البحث الى وجود قصور في أعداد المدارس واتخاذها النمط العشوائي الذي تسبب به عدم اتباع المعايير التخطيطية الصحيحة.
EVOLUTION OF HISTORICAL CLOTHING GIVING A TRUE ESSENCE TO FASHION ERA OF 21ST CENTURY
Authors: Chaitanya Choudhary  , Dr. Ankita Singh Rao
Published: November 2020

Fashion is something which traces its footprints back from the history which involves all the techniques which are still followed in present world of fashion, and brings a glimpse of our history and culture which clearly state that from DIY to the Designer fashionable attire the old techniques are followed in same way with lots of adoration globally
This signifies fashion nova but unlike it never disappears and always stay in fashion that’s why it’s classic and adopted by all .Old fashion techniques which now a days are coming up with modern evolution not only this the vintage fashion and its techniques always stays in trend , fashion cycle keep revolving with the some new innovations but what stays the same is the basics of the fashion which now a days in a verge of today’s fashion industry which is termed as “old fashion”, “ sustainable fashion” and it is continuous , worthwhile, renewable, viable and most importantly in vouge and this research paper revolves around going back to the old steps of fashion.
KEYWORDS: Fashion, Sustainable, Old, History, Designer, Traditional, Techniques, Trend, Vintage, Industry, Culture, Footprints, Globally
SINTESIS DAN UJI BIOAKTIVITAS SENYAWA ANALOG UK-3A 6-HIDROKSI-N-OKTILNIKOTINAMIDA
Authors: Ridwanuloh Dadan , Cahyana Herry , Hanafi Muhammad
Published: November 2020

abstrak
Water Quality in Šlapanka River Catchment: Model Situation of Rural Areas of Czechia
Authors: Janský Bohumír , Judová Petra
Published: November 2020

This article evaluates water quality of the river Šlapanka, which runs through a typical landscape of Českomoravská vrchovina. It deals with water quality at present and with its long-term development (since 1976). A significant part of the article consists of evaluation of pollution sources (agriculture, industry, population). The type of pollution sources is distinguished by dependence analysis of concentration of substances on flows and in different seasons. At the end of the article there are measures suggested to reduce the impact of pollution sources.
Trends of runoff processes in the Otava River basin
Authors: Kliment Zdeněk , Matoušková Milada
Published: November 2020

Recent floods in the Czech Republic raised many questions about a possible man-made impact on the outflow process. The contribution evaluates runoff changes in the Otava River basin. Attention is paid to the methodology, which is based mainly on the use of mass curves of rainfall and runoff characteristics. Results of analysis are discussed and compared with climatic factors and human activities.
PROGRAM DIVERSIFIKASI PRODUK OLAHAN IKAN PATIN BERBASIS ZERO WASTE DI KELURAHAN PAHANDUT SEBERANG
Authors: Maryani Maryani Maryani , Ratnasari Ida Ratnasari , Nursiah Nursiah Nursiah
Published: November 2020

Abstract:  Pahandut Seberang urban village is one of the centers of catfish fishery cultivation in Palangka Raya City. The main focus of fish farmers in the Pahandut Seberang area as a partner area is the development of fish farming only. Farmers' attention to the diversification of processed fish products to increase the added value of this commodity has never been thought of before. The facilitation of technology package (Ipteks) community diversification of processed fish products that applies the principle of zero waste that utilizes all parts of catfish, namely meat, skin, tail, bones and head needs to be done. The purpose of this PKM is to increase partners' knowledge and skills on diversification of processed catfish products by applying the concept of zero waste. The method used in achieving these goals is the active participatory empowerment of the community through collaboration with partners, namely the transfer of knowledge and technology through training activities for diversification of processed catfish products by applying the concept of zero waste. The results achieved from this PKM activity that is an increase in knowledge and skills of partners in an effort to increase the diversification of processed local fishery products so as to increase the added value of catfish, can also apply the concept of zero waste in the processing of catfish, so that income more optimal society.

Keywords: diversification, catfish, zero waste, Pahandut Seberang.
Socialinių veiksnių įtaka tiriant asmenis dėl alfa-1 antitripsino stokos
Authors: Serapinas Danielius , Šukys Marius , Rakauskas Ritauras
Published: November 2020

Straipsnyje nagrinėjami psichosocialiniai ir etiniai klausimai, su kuriais susiduria suaugusieji, turintys alfa-1 antitripsino stoka (AATS). AATS – reta genetinė liga (dažnumas – 1 iš 4000 asmenų). Sergant LOPL, ji pasireiškia 1–3 iš 100. Keli specifiniai AATS bruožai lėmė, kaip pacientas reaguoja į ligą (diagnostiką ir stebėjimo plano sudarymą). Kadangi liga yra retoji, gydytojai apie ją žino nedaug ir retai rekomenduoja tirtis dėl jos. Ligos diagnozė dažnai sukelia nerimą pacientams dėl žinių stygiaus, kelia daug klausimų, ar jie perduos ligą savo palikuonims. Dauguma mokslinių straipsnių pabrėžia gydytojo ir paciento bendradarbiavimo svarbą AATS atvejais, kad būtų užtikrinta tinkama diagnostika, gydymas.
Branduolio faktorius kappa B ir eozinofilai astmos patogenezėje
Authors: Janulaitytė Ieva , Lavinskienė Simona
Published: November 2020

Astma yra kompleksinė uždegimo liga, kuriai būdingas kvėpavimo takų uždegimas bei remodeliavimasis ir bronchų reaktyvumas. Eozinofilai – tai kraujyje cirkuliuojantys granuliocitai, dalyvaujantys astmos patogenezėje. Eozinofilų gyvavimas sergant alergine astma užsitęsia, kas gali sąlygoti kvėpavimo takų gleivinės pažeidimą ir remodeliavimąsi. Branduolio faktoriaus kappa B kelias buvo laikomas prototipiniu uždegimo signaliniu keliu, kurio pagrindas – uždegimo citokinų, chemokinų ir adhezijos molekulių genų raiška, reguliuojama NF-κB transkripcijos faktoriaus. NF-κB ilgai buvo laikomas „šventuoju graliu“ ar uždegimą slopinančių vaistų taikiniu, tačiau tyrimai parodė, kad lėtinės uždegimo ligos yra itin kompleksiškas mechanizmas, įtraukiantis ląsteles ir jų baltymus. Šis transkripcijos faktorius atsakingas už daugelio uždegimo molekulių, tokių kaip citokinų, chemokinų bei adhezijos molekulių, gamybą ir jų genų raišką. NF-κB taip pat gali būti atsakingas už susilpnėjusią eozinofilų apoptozę.
Nėščiųjų anafilaksija
Authors: Druktenytė Adelė , Šitkauskienė Brigita
Published: November 2020

Anafilaksija nėštumo metu yra reta, tačiau labai pavojinga būklė ir nėščiajai, ir vaisiui. Nėštumo pradžioje anafilaksijos etiologiniai veiksniai panašūs į bendrojoje populiacijoje anafilaksiją sukeliančius veiksnius, o nėštumo pabaigoje ir gimdymo metu dažniausias anafilaksiją sukeliantis veiksnys yra vaistai (ypač penicilinas bei kiti beta laktaminiai antibiotikai). Nėščiųjų anafilaksijos diagnostika remiasi įprastiniais anafilaksijos diagnostikos kriterijais, tačiau yra ir tik nėščiosioms būdingų klinikinių simptomų: intensyvus genitalijų niežėjimas, nugaros apatinės dalies skausmas, skausmingi gimdos susitraukimai, priešlaikinio gimdymo požymiai. Be dažniausių anafilaksijai būdingų komplikacijų, nėštumo metu galimi negrįžtami vaisiaus CNS pažeidimai, didesnė perinatalinės mirties rizika. Straipsnyje apžvelgiami pirmosios pagalbos, teikiamos nėščiajai anafilaksijos metu, ypatumai. Tokiais atvejais teikiant pagalbą būtina užtikrinti ne tik nėščiosios gyvybines funkcijas, bet ir stebėti vaisiaus būklę.
Ceremonies And Actions Performed By The Population At The Pilgrimage
Authors:   Candidate Of Historical Sciences, Doctoral Student (Dsc) National University Of Uzbekistan, Djuraeva Sanabar
Published: November 2020

This article mentions that after the introduction of the Islamic religion in Central Asia, ancient religious customs became Islamic, and these rituals and act were held for centuries by the population. Based on the places of pilgrimage of the Surkhandarya region, a scientific analysis was conducted.
Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi dönem 4-5-6 öğrencilerinde gastroözofageal reflü hastalığı sıklığı
Authors: Çiftel Feyza , Yönem Özlem , Habiboğlu İhsan , Aktaş Ahmet , Yıldız Mehmet
Published: November 2020

Giriş ve Amaç: Bu çalışmadaki amacımız CÜTF (Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi) Dönem 4-5-6 öğrencilerinde GÖRH’nın sıklığını, semptomların dağılımını ve hastalığın beslenme, sosyo-demografik özellikler vb. ile olan ilişkisini saptamaktır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemini 2014-2015 eğitim döneminde CÜTF de öğrenim gören dönem 4-5-6 öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veriler araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan katılımcıların bireysel özelliklerinin tanınması için yaş, cinsiyet, eğitim, medeni durum gibi özelliklerin yer aldığı soru formu, tıbbi öykü durumu ve GÖRH’nı sorgulayıcı reflü anketinin katılımcılar tarafından doldurulması ile elde edilmiştir.Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan kişilerden 358 kişi anketi eksiksiz olarak doldurmuş ve çalışmaya alınmıştır. GÖRH prevalansı % 21,7 (n=78) olarak saptandı. Hastaların % 36,3’ü pirozis ve/veya regürjitasyon yakınmalarıyla daha önce sağlık kurumuna başvurmuştu. GÖRH ile stres, yemekten sonra uzanma, gazlı içecek ve aile de GÖRH bulunma öyküsü arasında anlamlı ilişki saptanmıştır. Ancak, yaş, cinsiyet, medeni durum ile ilişkili saptanmamıştır.Sonuç: CÜTF dönem 4-5-6 öğrencilerinde GÖRH prevalansının Türkiye’de yapılan diğer çalışmaların sonuçlarına ve batı ülkelerindeki sonuçlara yakın ama biraz daha yüksek olduğu görüldü. Katılımcıların tıp fakültesi öğrencisi olması nedeniyle yüksek stres altında olması, düzensiz yaşam tarzı ve dengesiz beslenme alışkanlığı varlığını bu yüksekliğin sebebi olarak düşünmekteyiz. Bu konuda daha ileri çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
Konsep Perkuliahan Daring Google Classroom dalam Meningkatkan Interaksi Akademik Di Tengah Pandemi Korona
Authors: Islami Wildah Nurul , Al Ayubi Sholihudin
Published: November 2020

GOOGLE CLASSROOM ONLINE EDUCATION CONCEPT IN INCREASING ACADEMIC INTERACTION IN THE MIDDLE OF THE PANDEMI OF CORONA. The outbreak of the co-19 pandemic requires lecturers and students to carry out online learning as opportunities and challenges, including through Google classroom. This research is a qualitative research to describe the concept of online lectures through Google classroom in improving academic interaction in the middle of a corona pandemic. The concept of this lecture is a design that shows strategic steps to improve academic interaction between lecturers and students. The subjects of this study were 100 students of STAI Ar-Rosyid. Data collection techniques through documentation (odd semester course schedules, class lists, student attendance online attendance, syllabus and RPS, student learning outcomes) were analyzed using qualitative descriptive methods. In the concept of online lectures, lecturers must prepare a planned design in the form of a Google classroom learning implementation mechanism. The researcher determines two tasks namely the task of making PPT presentation videos and summarizing the results of the discussion. The task of the lecturer is not only to monitor lectures when learning lasts until the end, but there must be an evaluation and review for improvement in the next meeting. This is a form of academic interaction between lecturers and students.
A COCOON IN A FOREIGN LAND: VASSANJI’S SHORT FICTION
Authors: Vahia Aditi
Published: November 2020

In the ‘Foreword’ to his collection Uhuru Street, Vassanji observes that ‘Uhuru’ means ‘independence’. The Kichwele Street of Dar es Salaam – later renamed as Uhuru street nurtures the spirit of independence irrespective of the continual changes that the street experienced from the sheltered innocence of colonial rule in the 1950s to the shattered world of the 1980s.

This collection of short stories – as many of Vassanji’s works is characterized by “a complex ethno-cultural identity” that incorporates multiple countries (Kenya, Tanzania, India, Canada, U.S.A.), religions (crucially, the syncretic bhakti tradition he was raised in), languages (Gujarati, English, Swahili, Hindi). , The stories in Uhuru Street explore political and social change in the city of Dar es Salaam in the East African country of Tanganyika. They follow a historical arc which begins in the years leading up to independence (in 1961) and concludes in the decade or so.

This paper analyzes the microcosm of an immigrant world as portrayed by Vassanji in his Uhuru Street through its eccentric characters giving us a portrait of a place and a people losing their innocence. The stories come together as a story of generations new and old, the former searching for a new identity, the latter, fiercely holding onto the past. We share with these people the moment of moving on, of leaving the place where we have roots, knowing that things will never be the same.
Design and implement of smart relay based two axis sun traking system
Authors: Mahmoodm jawad , Muhammed Haider
Published: November 2020

Solar power is environment friendly power source, but is characterized by being highly dependent on the irradiation level which is function of the sun position on the sky. to overcome this ssituation and extract maximum power from the sun, th PV array must be kept nearly perpendicular to the sun during the daytime. in this paper, a smart relay based sun tracking system has been designed and implemented tp keep the PV array perpendicular to the sun during the day hours.
Design & Implementation of a Mobile Phone Charging System Based on Solar Energy Harvesting
Authors: Ali Qutaiba
Published: November 2020

The ability to harvest energy from the environment represents an important technology area that promises to eliminate wires and battery maintenance for many important applications and permits deploying self powered devices. This paper suggests the use of a solar energy harvester to charge mobile phone devices. In the beginning, a comprehensive overview to the energy harvesting concept and technologies is presented. Then the design procedure of our energy harvester was detailed. Our prototype solar energy harvester proves its efficiency to charge the aimed batteries under sunlight or an indoor artificial light.
Mobile radio propagation path loss simulation for two districts of different buildings structures in Mosul-city
Authors: Mahmood Farhad
Published: November 2020

In this paper two theoretical models have been considered for the prediction of path loss for two different districts in Mosul city, using MATLAB 7.4 program. The Walfisch-Ikegami (W-I) model for uniform heights and similar buildings in the Karama district . The other model is Okumura-Hata (OH) model applied for irregular and dissimilar buildings in the Almajmoa'a district. The information buildings heights are obtained from the civil Eng. Depart. in Mosul university. In this paper it can be shown that The effect of distance in regular area (karama) on path loss is about 10 dB larger than irregular area (Almajmoa'a), and The effect of varying antenna height in regular area (karama) on path loss is about 7 dB greater than irregular area (Almajmoa'a) for 40 meter variation.
Compensation of transmission channel effects in chaos synchronization
Authors: Buscarino A. , Fortuna L. , Frasca M. , Sciuto G. , Rashid Mofeed
Published: November 2020

The synchronization of chaos is a well-known topic which attracted the attention of the scientific community in the last two decades. However, the robustness of the synchronous state has been not widely studied, especially considering real cases in which the effects introduced by the physical channel through which chaotic circuits interact, may deeply influence the quality of synchronization and even the onset of it. In this paper, the synchronization of two chaotic circuit coupled through a non–ideal channel is investigated. In particular, the effects of channels introducing a frequency–independent or frequency–dependent time–delay are investigated. Furthermore, two different design strategies to obtain a linear compensation block able to compensate the considered channel effects are presented and the recovery of the synchronous state is discussed.
Generalized Chebyshev-like Approximation for Low-pass Filter
Authors: Swady Hisham
Published: November 2020

Analog filters constitute indispensible component of analog circuits and still playing an important part in interface with analog real world. realizing filters with odd order is preferred because of its time response . Therefore, this paper is conducted to introduce a new generalized Chebyshev – like approximation for analog filters. The analyses presented to realize the filters with odd order. This proposed novel approach offer good results in terms of flat delay and time domain response. Also, the achieved results are validated by comparison to normal Chebyshev filter via investigation several examples.
Experimental prototype for PWM – Based Sliding Mode Boost Converter
Authors: Abdulhalem R. A. , Hairik Haroutuon , Kadhem Asmaa
Published: November 2020

The paper dells with a modified experimental prototype for pulse-width modulation (PWM) sliding mode control (SMC) applied to a DC-to-DC-boost converter operated in continuous conduction mode (CCM). Experimental results show that the proposed control schme provides good voltage regulation and is suitable for common DC-to-DC conversion purposes. The prototype and its implementation are given in detail. The static and dynamic performances of the The static and dynamic performances of the experimental system are recorded. Experimental results show that the proposed control scheme provides good voltage regulation and is suitable for common DC-to-DC conversion purposes.
Trends of developing training in advanced countries and direction of the Army
Authors: Lee Heenam
Published: November 2020

This study examines the history of LVCG training, which is attracting attention as the army’s education and training method in the era of the 4th industrial revolution, and the recent trends in advanced countries, and the direction of the army’s LVCG training development. LVCG training is an effective means for soldiers to improve their survival rate and combat skills by experiencing realistic virtual battles iteratively prior to actual deployment, thereby ultimately improving their readiness. The LVCG training system is classified into four categories: live, virtual training, war game training, and game, collectively referred to as LVCG. In the 1980s, advanced countries began to use the LVCG training system in various areas of education and training, and after the 1990s, they promoted a synthetic environment incorporating the LVCG training system. Recently, the synthetic training environment (STE) that integrates LVCG into a three-dimensional virtual environment. This is attracting attention and developed countries are rapidly transitioning to STE. The Army is also promoting education and training innovation based on big data and artificial intelligence by establishing a low-cost, highly efficient LVCG training environment with LVCG integrated around the synthetic training environment platform and securing education and training data using STE.
Quoi de neuf sur l’histoire des entreprises en France ?
Authors: Godelier Éric , Le Roux Muriel , Bouilloud Jean-Philippe , Nougaret Roger , Barjot Dominique , Ducol Laurent , Michel Alain P. , Garel Gilles , Buquet Romain
Published: November 2020

Les entreprises françaises sont-elles vraiment adaptées aux défis du capitalisme mondial ? C’est un questionnement que l’on retrouve régulièrement. C’est pour y répondre qu’a été organisé à Paris, en septembre 2019 le Congrès International d’Histoire des Entreprises en France ( https://businesshistory.sciencesconf.org/ ). Il a permis de tirer trois enseignements : l’intérêt de poursuivre une démarche pluridisciplinaire en histoire des entreprises ; la présence encore limitée des femmes dans le champ de l’histoire des entreprises ; enfin l’importance du comparatisme.
L’entreprise, laboratoire de l’histoire : au plus près de la production
Authors: Hilaire-Pérez Liliane
Published: November 2020

À l’encontre d’une vision linéaire de succession des modes de production, le « tournant productif » de l’histoire des entreprises initié depuis une génération a conduit à considérer l’entreprise comme le lieu par excellence de la complexité : complexité des modes de production au fil des réinvestissements de formes, au-delà des définitions et des périodisations convenues, complexité de l’innovation, des rythmes du changement technique et donc des temporalités, ce qu’avait tenté de modéliser la dépendance par le sentier, complexité du rapport à l’espace, comme le suggère de nos jours la question de l’entreprise comme trading zone , un défi pour ce concept lui-même.
“Old” and recent knowledge in a global industry: the semiconductor design industry and France, 1970s-2013
Authors: Ho Yen-Chen , Spadavecchia Anna
Published: November 2020

Être en possession des toutes dernières connaissances est un facteur important qui permet aux entreprises d’innover et d’être compétitives dans un environnement des affaires qui évolue sans cesse, et une abondante littérature a étudié ce type de connaissances. En revanche, le rôle des connaissances « anciennes » dans le processus d’innovation est moins connu. La présente recherche porte sur les multinationales de conception de semi-conducteurs à la pointe de la technologie et analyse leur utilisation des connaissances « anciennes » et nouvelles. Nous avons élaboré une base de données des brevets des 28 firmes dominantes du secteur, du début des années 1970 jusqu’à 2013. Nous analysons tout particulièrement les citations des connaissances technologiques générées par des organismes français de délivrance de brevets sur une période de plus de 40 ans. Les résultats montrent que, parmi les industries identifiées comme sources de connaissances pour les multinationales dominantes, l’industrie de l’infrastructure des télécommunications est de loin la plus importante et corrobore la thèse des compétences « acquises récemment », tandis que l’innovation dans les industries de l’aérospatiale, de la défense et de l’informatique est liée à des connaissances « anciennes ». Notre recherche indique que la valeur des connaissances « anciennes » dépend du contexte industriel spécifique de son origine. Les connaissances et les technologies produites par des industries comme la défense qui entreprennent des recherches de base avec un large éventail d’applications sont précieuses pour les grandes entreprises durant de longues périodes.
Y a-t-il des invariants en management ?
Authors: Damart Sébastien , David Albert
Published: November 2020

Cet article s’intéresse à l’existence d’invariants en management. L’invariance est une notion bien connue des sciences dures et de certaines sciences sociales. Elle qualifie ce qui demeure constant sous l’effet de transformations. Poser la question de l’existence d’invariants en management est, à notre connaissance, inédit. Cela est même anachronique. Pourtant cela présente l’intérêt de questionner les définitions de l’activité managériale, ce que nous faisons dans cet article. Il émerge de cette analyse des invariants définitionnels. Nous les présentons et nous montrons qu’ils ont beaucoup structuré la pensée du management. D’autres formes d’invariants en management peuvent néanmoins être repérées : invariants typologiques, de principe, et axiomatiques, que nous mettons en lumière également dans cette recherche.
Les ressources du pouvoir : féminisation des instances dirigeantes et difficile pouvoir des femmes
Authors: Boussard Valérie , del Peso Maria
Published: November 2020

Que ce soit sous la pression légale ou sous la pression normative, les entreprises privées françaises ont entrepris de féminiser leurs instances dirigeantes. Dans quelles conditions, les femmes qui accèdent aux positions dirigeantes (comités exécutifs et conseils d’administration ou de surveillance) ont-elles les ressources qui leur permettent d’exercer le pouvoir ? À partir d’une enquête menée auprès de dirigeantes et de dirigeants (20 femmes et 10 hommes), l’article permet de comprendre que diriger est avant tout une action politique, qui suppose des ressources spécifiques. Celles-ci sont plus difficilement accessibles aux femmes, ce qui rend leur position dans ces instances plus complexe et plus vulnérable.
The anti-communist moment: competitive victimhood in European politics
Authors: Zombory Máté
Published: November 2020

S’appuyant sur la théorie de Bourdieu, cet article soutient que le champ des débats politiques sur les « héritages historiques constitutifs » de l’Europe a été caractérisé par deux positions, toutes deux intrinsèquement anticommunistes : la mémoire cosmopolite de l’Holocauste, principe de la « position intégratrice » de l’Europe occidentale post-guerre froide, et la mémoire héroïque-nationale des pays postcommunistes effectuant leur « retour à l’Europe ». L’interaction de ces deux positions a été influencée par la conditionnalité du processus d’élargissement. Le débat n’a donc pas été dépolitisé, comme on l’a souvent dit, mais consensuellement anticommuniste. Le moment anticommuniste paneuropéen a entravé les cadrages politico-idéologiques et transformé les luttes politiques en une compétition mimétique entre des acteurs se présentant comme des victimes dans laquelle les revendications étaient exprimées dans des termes moraux et limitées à l’anticommunisme.
Liberal Anti-communism and historical commissions in Romania and Moldova
Authors: C. Iacob Bogdan
Published: November 2020

Cet article examine la dynamique transnationale qui a caractérisé la création, l’activité et les retombées des commissions d’historiens créées en Roumanie et en Moldavie pour gérer le passé communiste. Il analyse leurs membres, leurs approches historiographiques, leurs liens transfrontaliers et leur enracinement dans des discours de justice internationale. Les factions anti-communistes libérales au sein des deux organes ont combiné les outils globaux de lutte contre la violence politique avec la recherche de reconnaissance par les milieux universitaires étrangers. Les deux commissions étaient indissociablement liées : la première fut un modèle pour la seconde, et des coopérations se sont nouées entre elles. Les cas étudiés indiquent que les campagnes de criminalisation du communisme ne sont pas exclusivement conservatrices et révisionnistes ; elles peuvent aussi prôner des conceptualisations et des agendas qui vont au-delà d’une politique mémorielle assimilant communisme et nazisme.
Less Velvet for the Cuban Transition? Transnational circulations and learning processes between Central European, Cuban and Latin American networks
Authors: Geoffray Marie-Laure
Published: November 2020

Depuis la fin des années 1990, d’anciens dissidents d’Europe Centrale et Orientale travaillent avec l’opposition cubaine dans l’île et à Miami avec le double objectif de lui transmettre une partie de leur savoir et savoir-faire en matière d’organisation de la société civile, et de pousser vers une transition post-communiste. Pour les anciens dissidents de l’Est, c’est une façon de rendre la solidarité internationale dont ils ont bénéficié pendant la période soviétique. Mais je montre ici que le modèle de transition qu’ils promeuvent est critique de celui de la révolution de velours. Par ailleurs, les débats autour de la transition cubaine demeurent insérés dans des clivages régionaux et professionnels.
Croissance des échanges et circulation de papiers en France au XVIII e siècle
Authors: Conchon Anne
Published: November 2020

Les lettres de voitures constituent une des traces concrètes de l’économie des transports. Les exemplaires conservés pour l’Ancien Régime permettent de pénétrer dans cette économie complexe et méconnue des circulations marchandes. L’objet de cet article est de voir comment les lettres de voiture, qui agrègent des intérêts différents et renvoient à des usages singuliers selon les acteurs impliqués tout au long de la chaîne de transport – les marchands, les commissionnaires, les commis, les voituriers et éventuellement les usagers des services de messagerie –, contribuent à régir leurs relations. Ces acteurs, qui n’ont pas la même maîtrise de l’écrit, entretiennent des rapports différenciés avec les lettres de voitures. Pour les marchands, elles servent à définir des garanties dans le suivi des expéditions. Les commis les utilisent pour calculer et percevoir les droits exigibles sur les circulations marchandes. Aux voituriers, elles permettent d’obtenir le règlement de la prestation qu’ils ont opérée. Leur rapport à ces types d’écrits s’en trouve différent qu’il s’agisse de leur rédaction, des annotations qui y sont portées au cours du déplacement, de conservation… Une telle approche invite à ne pas considérer les lettres de voiture comme des documents isolés, mais à les resituer dans des chaînes d’écriture et dans des agencements marchands.
Le génie français d’Élie Halévy ? « La naissance du méthodisme » et l’historiographie socioreligieuse anglophone des années 1960 et 1970
Authors: Vaughan Géraldine
Published: November 2020

« La nation anglaise est une nation de puritains », écrivait l’historien Élie Halévy (1870-1937) au début de son article « La naissance du méthodisme », paru à l’été 1906 dans La Revue de Paris . Cet article demeura longtemps assez confidentiel avant d’être redécouvert dans les années 1970 par l’historiographie anglophone. En tentant de comprendre pourquoi Halévy accorda tant d’importance à ce mouvement religieux du xviii e  siècle – car, comme il l’écrivait dans ses notes de travail de 1904-1905, le « rôle de la renaissance protestante au xviii e  siècle » fut fondamental « dans la formation du caractère anglais moderne », ce travail vise à pénétrer au cœur de l’entreprise halévyenne et à examiner la genèse de son travail sur l’esprit et l’histoire anglais des xviii e et xix e  siècles. Cet article se propose donc d’abord de replonger dans la généalogie du travail d’Halévy, et ainsi tenter de cerner ce qui poussa cet anglophile libéral et dreyfusard à entreprendre, à partir de 1904, un travail de grande ampleur sur la secte méthodiste anglaise du xviii e  siècle. Ensuite, il étudiera la réception de ce travail original, plus de soixante après, dans le milieu universitaire nord-américain (puisque le traducteur de ces articles était un historien américain) puis britannique. En effet, la pensée halévyenne vint nourrir le tournant des années 1960 dans l’historiographie religieuse britannique, c’est-à-dire le moment où cette historiographie se sécularisait en quelque sorte, en décloisonnant l’étude purement confessionnelle et en s’extrayant des biographies des grands meneurs religieux. La résonnance de ce regard français porté sur l’histoire britannique se poursuivit jusqu’à la fin des années 1970 et annonçait un autre tournant, celui de l’articulation entre la religiosité latente du peuple anglais et la conscience nationale britannique au dix-neuvième siècle.
De la musique au son : nouvelles perspectives, nouveaux regards
Authors: Vendries Christophe
Published: November 2020

Dans le sillage de l’étude des sens, les sons et les bruits sont devenus depuis quelques années un objet d’histoire. L’empathie des historiens pour le son contraste avec une certaine indifférence manifestée pour le traitement des questions musicales. L’auteur s’interroge d’abord sur les raisons de cette distorsion puis confronte les travaux des historiens de l’Antiquité sur la musique et le son avec ceux des autres périodes historiques ; il étend le regard aux sciences sociales afin de montrer comment ces recherches s’insèrent dans un courant plus vaste. Aujourd’hui, les sound studies offrent des approches plurielles autour du son, du bruit et du silence qui contribuent à élargir les horizons de la recherche historique.
Les directeurs de musées français : mutation des activités et des pratiques managériales
Authors: Baujard Corinne , Lagier Joëlle
Published: November 2020

Depuis une vingtaine d’années, les musées connaissent de profondes mutations. Le recul des financements publics les contraint à développer leurs ressources afin de diversifier l’offre culturelle auprès des visiteurs nationaux et internationaux. Les projets muséographiques multiplient les partenariats publics ou privés dans un environnement concurrentiel. Ces mutations entraînent une interrogation sur le métier de directeur au sein de l’institution muséale et de la gouvernance du patrimoine. Comment les directeurs de musées parviennent-ils à faire face aux transformations suscitées par la mutation institutionnelle ? Une exploration conduite auprès de cinq grands musées français, qui a été complétée par des matériaux documentaires selon une comparaison internationale, révèle que la fonction scientifique évolue vers une affirmation managériale, face à des attentes éducatives et sociales du public de moins en moins homogènes.
La sensibilisation des entrepreneurs à la RSE par les structures d’accompagnement au travers de la création de sens
Authors: Douyon Rosalie , Paradas Agnès
Published: November 2020

Les travaux sur la RSE en PME se sont multipliés ces dernières années, mettant l’accent sur le profil des dirigeants et sur la PME en tant que structure. Cependant, ces travaux se sont peu intéressés aux entrepreneurs en phase de création d’entreprise et aux structures qui les accompagnent. De nombreuses interrogations persistent sur la formation des entrepreneurs à la RSE et donc sur le rôle des structures d’accompagnement à l’entrepreneuriat. Ainsi, cette étude a pour objectif de comprendre la démarche de sensibilisation RSE des entrepreneurs par les structures d’accompagnement, à travers les contours de la création de sens ( sensemaking ). Une analyse conceptuelle sur la notion de sensemaking et une étude exploratoire menée auprès de 20 acteurs (10 structures d’accompagnement et 10 entrepreneurs) ont permis de montrer que les acteurs ont un mécanisme de création de sens RSE basé sur les préoccupations sociales. Elles ont mis en évidence, également, que la démarche de sensibilisation des entrepreneurs par les structures s’inscrit dans une vision formelle et dissociée de la RSE.
Apprendre à exploiter la houillère
Authors: Rojas Luc
Published: November 2020

L’extraction du charbon de terre représente durant le XIX e siècle et le premier tiers du XX e  siècle un enjeu économique important. L’instruction technique des futurs exploitants devient un moyen de favoriser le développement industriel du pays. Cependant, les savoirs transmis ne sont pas de même nature d’une période à l’autre. En effet, les cours dispensés au sein des écoles d’ingénieurs évoluent considérablement passant de la simple description technique de machines et de méthodes à des savoirs prenant en compte les dimensions techniques, économiques et sociales d’une mine. Finalement ces enseignements proposent, durant l’entre deux guerres, aux futurs exploitants de gérer la technique comme une ressource et un capital pour l’entreprise loin de la vision positiviste, magnifiant le culte de la science et de la perfection technique, développée par Auguste Comte et véhiculée par les cours du début du XIX e siècle.