bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the ‘Jingle Fallacy’: A Study of Personality and Values
Authors: Higgs Malcolm , Lichtenstein Scott
Published: April 2017

The increasing understanding that values play an important role in underpinning sustained organisational performance and growth has captured the interest of both practitioners and researchers. At the same time, research interest into the impact of individual values on behaviour and performance has been growing. Psychological research has treated values and personality as distinct constructs. The values literature lacks a clear and shared taxonomy and means of operationalising the construct. Studies exploring the nature of the impact of individual values on a range of behavioural outcomes have produced varied and contradictory results. Research exploring the relationships between values and personality has produced inconclusive findings and been critiqued for conflating distinctly different constructs. This paper explores the relationship between personality and values, based on a sample of 73 managers participating in Executive MBA programs. Analyses found very few significant relationships between personality and individual values supporting the existence of a ‘Jingle Fallacy’. It is proposed that the relationship is more complex and interactive than has previously been suggested. The paper concludes with a discussion of the practical implications of this study.
Head-hunter Methods for CEO Selection
Authors: Steuer Max , Abell Peter , Wynn Henry
Published: April 2017

Almost all appointments of CEOs to major non-financial firms involve at least some head-hunter involvement. Final selection always rests with the company board, but frequently the board chooses between candidates most of whom have been suggested for consideration by a head-hunter. The existing literature covers such issues as the scope and role of head-hunters in CEO appointments. The way that search firms select who to put forward for consideration has not been investigated. In this paper the authors describe the working methods used by ten major London-based national and international executive search firms in identifying suitable candidates for CEO posts. Their findings are based on extensive interviews. The primary finding is that performance of candidates in various posts prior to being put forward for consideration plays a minor role in CEO selection compared to other considerations. Other findings have to do with CEO remuneration and on-going relations between head-hunters and successful candidates.
Towards an Industry-Tailored Management Approach: A Study of Retail Employee Attitudes
Authors: Chang Joshua , O'neill Grant , Travaglione Antonio
Published: April 2017

The ubiquity of retail employment makes it one of the most important sectors in the economy but economic downturn, foreign competition, and looming technological developments threaten to diminish the employment opportunities it offers. In consideration of the workforce-related adjustments that retail businesses are likely to experience from changes in the sector, this study examines attitudinal differences between retail employees and the general workforce. The theoretical perspective of this study is that employees from different industries have unique attitudes toward the work environment, given industry-specific environmental and situational influences. The empirical analysis uses data obtained from a survey of over 6000 Australian workers to test attitudinal work environment variables between retail employees and non-retail employees. The findings reveal that retail employee attitudes are dissimilarfrom that of the general workforce, which implies that employee attitudinal profiles differ between industries, and general management programmes and practices should therefore be tailored accordingly.
Abusive Supervision and Negative Employee outcomes: The Moderating Effects of Intimidation and Recognition
Authors: Khan Shahid
Published: April 2017

Given the conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study examines the moderating effects of intimidation and recognition on the relationship between abusive supervision and a subordinate's job tension, emotional exhaustion, and turnover intention. Consistent with past research, the study found a positive relationship between abusive supervision and negative employee outcomes. However, regardless of the strong theoretical and empirical literature support for the moderating effects of intimidation and recognition on the direct relationship of abusive supervision and negative employee outcomes, empirical data did not reveal any moderating effects of the moderating variables, neither as a single construct nor as a combined construct. For the study, data has been collected through a convenient sampling technique from 443 professional employees in the telecommunications sector in Pakistan. The study contributes to the literature by focusing on the largely ignored subordinate's impression management tactic (e.g. intimidation) and the top management's recognition of the subordinate's job, on the relationship between abusive supervision and negative employee outcomes. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed in the conclusion.
The Alloplastic Organisation: Balancing Flexibility and Stability in a Turbulent Environment
Authors: Nicholls John
Published: April 2017

‘Men of age object too much, consult too long, adventure too little, repent too soon, and seldom drive business home to the full period, but content themselves with a mediocrity of success. Young men, in the conduct and manage of actions, embrace more than they can hold; stir more than they can quiet; fly to the end, without consideration of the means and degrees; pursue some few principles which they have chanced upon absurdly; use extreme remedies at first; and, that which doubleth all errors, will not acknowledge or retract them; like an unready horse, that will neither stop nor turn.’

FRANCIS BACON

‘To ensure a balanced age structure should be one of the main concerns of manager manpower planning. There must be enough older men to ensure opportunities for younger men, enough younger men to ensure continuity; enough older men to provide experience and enough younger men to provide drive. Age structure of management is like the metabolism of the human body; unless it is balanced all constitutional processes are diseased.’

PETER DRUCKER
Strategic Responses of Multinational Corporations to Environmental Demands
Authors: Tsai S-H Terence , Child John
Published: April 2017

Do multinational companies use developing countries as dumping grounds? Or, are they becoming ‘greener’ and more responsible in environmental matters?
Is Violence Sometimes a Legitimate Right? An African-American Dilemma
Authors: Laurent Sylvie
Published: April 2017

The contrast, often painted in simplistic colours, between Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X as civil rights campaigners bolsters an erroneous reading of the freedom struggle of African-Americans, leaving the impression that the resort to violence and self-defence propounded by Malcolm X was a purely circumstantial departure from the general strategy of the civil rights movement.

In fact, both of them reflected long on the capacity of violence and a contrario of non-violence to bring about political and social transformation in the context of the extreme brutality and oppression being suffered by African-Americans. Their dilemma stemmed from an old intellectual tradition of the America of the slave period. Well before the ideas of Gandhi won over the African-American elite, and even before Henry David Thoreau laid the theoretical basis for civil disobedience, African slaves gave thought to the legitimacy and effectiveness of violence to amend their situation. The importance of the non-violent movement in the United States and the historical significance of Martin Luther King cannot be understood unless a true measure is taken of the anti-slavery struggle. While within the religious domain, the Black Church played a major role in dissuading violence, secular thought in favour of legitimate forceful rebellion also found itself confronted by a counter-argument which advanced the power of social change and resistance to injustice that non-violence could effect. This article particularly addresses the challenges to their consciences that confronted the militants of non-violence in their campaign for the abolition of slavery and notably those facing the central figure of that struggle, the former slave become the apostle of liberation, Frederick Douglass.
Building an Oral Endoscope for Use in Equine Oral Examination and Treatment
Authors: Dotzel Allison Rita , Baratt Robert M.
Published: April 2017

The use of oral endoscopy can be very beneficial in that it helps the clinician to perform a more thorough oral examination. However, due to the high cost, most commercially available equine oral endoscopy systems have been out of reach for clinicians who practice equine dentistry outside a large hospital setting. This article details how to set up an oral endoscopy system that can be used on equine patients either in an ambulatory practice or in a hospital setting. The system is more cost-effective than most other systems currently on the market without sacrificing functionality or image quality. The oral endoscope can be wirelessly integrated with a handheld tablet device or larger monitor for real-time viewing of images. It also has the ability to obtain high-resolution digital images and videos that can be easily incorporated into the patient’s medical record. Incorporation of this system into equine practices has the potential to provide improved care for dental patients and to help overcome some of the inherent challenges of equine dentistry.
Super-twisting integral-sliding-mode guidance law considering autopilot dynamics
Authors: Meng Kezi , Zhou Di
Published: April 2017

A new guidance law considering missile autopilot dynamics is established via integrating a smooth super-twisting algorithm with nonlinear integral sliding mode. In this guidance law, a finite-time disturbance observer is introduced to estimate mismatched and matched disturbances resulting from target maneuvers. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, the finite-time stability of the closed-loop guidance system under this law is analyzed using a finite-time bounded function. The super-twisting algorithm guarantees that the proposed guidance law is chattering-free and the disturbance observer does not depend on the prior knowledge of target acceleration. So the proposed guidance law is easy to be implemented in practice. The finite-time convergence and robustness of the proposed guidance law are demonstrated via numerical simulations accounting for missile autopilot dynamics.
Outcomes of neuropsychiatric events in systemic lupus erythematosus based on clinical phenotypes; prospective data from the Leiden NP SLE cohort
Authors: Magro-Checa C , Beaart-van de Voorde L J J , Middelkoop H A M , Dane M L , van der Wee N J , van Buchem M A , Huizinga T W J , Steup-Beekman G M
Published: April 2017

Objective

The objective of this study was to assess whether clinical and patient’s reported outcomes are associated with a different pathophysiological origin of neuropsychiatric events presenting in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Methods

A total of 232 neuropsychiatric events presenting in 131 systemic lupus erythematosus patients were included. Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus diagnosis was established per event by multidisciplinary evaluation. All neuropsychiatric events were divided according to a suspected underlying pathophysiological process into one of the following: non-neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus related, inflammatory and ischaemic neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. The clinical outcome of all neuropsychiatric events was determined by a physician-completed four-point Likert scale. Health-related quality of life was measured with the subscales of the patient-generated Short Form 36 (SF-36) health survey questionnaire. The change between scores at paired visits of all domain scores, mental component summary (SF-36 MCS) and physical component summary (SF-36 PCS) scores were retrospectively calculated and used as patient-reported outcome. The association among these outcomes and the different origin of neuropsychiatric events was obtained using multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results

The clinical status of 26.8% non-neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus events, 15.8% ischaemic neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus and 51.6% inflammatory neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus improved after re-assessment. Almost all SF-36 domains had a positive change at re-assessment in all groups independently of the origin of neuropsychiatric events. Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus ( B = 0.502; p < 0.001) and especially inflammatory neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus ( B = 0.827; p < 0.001) had better clinical outcome, with change in disease activity being the only important predictor. The change in SF-36 MCS was also independently associated with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus ( B = 5.783; p < 0.05) and inflammatory neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus ( B = 11.133; p < 0.001). Disease duration and change in disease activity were the only predictors in both cases. The change in SF-36 PCS was only negatively associated with age.

Conclusion

Inflammatory neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus events have better clinical outcome and meaningful improvement in SF-36 MCS than ischaemic neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus or non-neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus.
Magnetic resonance imaging in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: current state of the art and novel approaches
Authors: Postal M , Lapa A Tamires , Reis F , Rittner L , Appenzeller S
Published: April 2017

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic, inflammatory, immune-mediated disease affecting 0.1% of the general population. Neuropsychiatric manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus have been more frequently recognized and reported in recent years, occurring in up to 75% of patients during the disease course. Magnetic resonance imaging is known to be a useful tool for the detection of structural brain abnormalities in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus patients because of the excellent soft-tissue contrast observed with MRI and the ability to acquire multiplanar images. In addition to conventional magnetic resonance imaging techniques to evaluate the presence of atrophy and white matter lesions, several different magnetic resonance imaging techniques have been used to identify microstructural or functional abnormalities. This review will highlight different magnetic resonance imaging techniques, including the advanced magnetic resonance imaging methods used to determine central nervous system involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus.
The role of infections in neuropsychiatric lupus
Authors: Ribeiro F M , Signorelli F
Published: April 2017

Opportunistic infections can cause manifestations that resemble neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus and they can also trigger lupus flares. Therefore, central nervous system infections as differential diagnosis in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus may be difficult, leading to delayed diagnosis and specific treatment. Central nervous system infection in systemic lupus erythematosus is not common but, if left misdiagnosed and not treated promptly, can be fatal. Complementary diagnosis tests are generally non-specific and disappointing. Caution with immunosuppressive drug treatment should be emphasized while an opportunistic infection cannot be ruled out. In this review, we discuss the various types of central nervous system infections reported in systemic lupus erythematosus patients, highlighting the importance of their early recognition in order to improve morbidity and mortality. Prevention with vaccination is a recommended approach.
Information visualisation as a resource for popularising the technical-biomedical aspects of the last Ebola virus epidemic: The case of the Spanish reference press
Authors: Alcíbar Miguel
Published: April 2017

This study explores the role that information visualisation played in the popularisation of the technical-biomedical aspects of the last Ebola virus epidemic, the most devastating to date. Applying content analysis methods, the total population of information visualisations ( N = 209) was coded and analysed to identify topics, and to define features and identify patterns in the images. The corpus was based on the record of articles with graphics appearing in five Spanish reference newspapers from 22 March 2014 to 13 January 2016, the start and suppression of the epidemic, respectively. The results suggest that information visualisation was a key factor in the popularisation of the epidemic’s technical-biomedical aspects, as well as contributing actively to construct, in the words of Myers, a narrative of nature.
Esoteric Symbolism of the ‘Tree of Life’: A Cross-cultural Perspective
Authors: Ratka Relic
Published: April 2017

The article reviews about esoteric symbolism of the tree of life in shamanic cultures and oriental traditions including classical Hindu and Buddhist systems, together with various esoteric and indigenous traditions. The very idea of the tree of life, in indigenous cultures, which is often called the ‘world tree’ or ‘shamanic tree’, is connected with human illumination process in the form of mystical or ecstatic experience gained through the process of the self-realization. These various forms of mystico-religious experiences could be found in many religious traditions, considered to be cross-cultural phenomena. The author made an attempt to make a classification of chakras and energetic structure of the human body according to cross-cultural analysis of various cultures.
The Challenge of Foreign Fighter Returnees
Authors: Cragin R. Kim
Published: April 2017

This article explores the security challenges posed by foreign fighter returnees. It argues that—contrary to popular belief—most foreign fighters do not die on battlefields or travel from conflict to conflict. They return home. This means that law enforcement, intelligence, and other security officials should expect unprecedented numbers of returnees from Syria and Iraq should a ceasefire hold. The challenge posed by returnees is threefold: Recidivism rates are uncertain, law enforcement cannot manage the numbers of prospective returnees alone, and returnees from non-Western countries also pose a threat to the United States. Findings suggest that a global architecture should be put in place to mitigate the threats from foreign fighter returnees.
Designing Management Curriculum for Workplace Readiness: Developing Students’ Soft Skills
Authors: Ritter Barbara A. , Small Erika E. , Mortimer John W. , Doll Jessica L.
Published: April 2017

The increased complexity of today’s work environment has made the need for soft skills, such as teamwork, communication, leadership, and problem solving, more salient than ever. Employers hire for these skills because it is increasingly the human resources that give organizations a competitive advantage. Therefore, academia must respond to these external stakeholder needs by reexamining curriculum in light of how degree programs, particularly in management, are preparing students for the demands of the workplace. We describe a curriculum redesign that used a backward design process to focus on developing the soft skills that employers need, focusing in particular on developing teamwork-related skill sets.
Feasibility of extended dosing intervals of denosumab
Authors: Kettle Jacob K , Patel Puja B
Published: April 2017

Purpose

Denosumab is a crucial supportive care agent for patients with advanced cancers affecting the bone. Despite the importance of treatment, logistical and financial obstacles hinder the ability to maintain long-term adherence. This analysis was designed to provide preliminary data regarding the feasibility of extended denosumab dosing intervals.

Methods

This retrospective, case cohort study was conducted on patients receiving treatment with denosumab for malignancies with bone involvement. A total of 60 patients were identified for analysis and were divided into cohorts according to the average number of days between denosumab doses. The standard interval group was comprised of patients receiving treatment once every 27–30 days ( n = 29), whereas the deviated interval group was comprised of patients with an interval of 31–56 days between injections ( n = 31). The primary outcome was the percentage of patients developing a skeletal-related event. Secondary efficacy outcomes included rate of pathologic fracture, spinal cord compression, radiation therapy, surgery, and hypercalcemia.

Results

Patients in the deviated interval arm experienced significantly more skeletal-related events compared to the standard interval group (61% vs. 31%, respectively; p = 0.02). Secondary efficacy endpoints trended in favor of the standard therapy arm except for requirement for surgery (results were virtually equivalent) and hypercalcemia (no events in either group).

Conclusions

Non-adherence with the standard denosumab dosing schedule demonstrated an increased risk of experiencing a skeletal-related event. Preservation of denosumab dose density appears imperative to maintain efficacy and as such extending the dosing interval should be discouraged.
Performing “Moral Resistance”? Pro-Life and Pro-Choice Activism in Public Space
Authors: Jackson Lucy , Valentine Gill
Published: April 2017

This article focuses on acts of resistance regarding reproductive politics in contemporary Britain. Drawing on empirical research this article investigates grassroots activism around a complex moral, social, and political problem. This article therefore focuses on a site of resistance in everyday urban environments, investigating the practice and performance involved. Identifying specifically the territory(ies) and territorialities of these specific sites of resistance, this article looks at how opposing groups negotiate conflict in public space in territorial, as well as habitual, ways. Second, the article focuses on questions around the impact, distinction, and novelty both in the immediate and long term of these acts of resistance for those in public space. Here, then, the focus shifts to the reactions to this particular form of protest and questions the “acceptability” of specific resistances in the public imaginary.
Catastrophic relapses following initiation of dimethyl fumarate in two patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Authors: Yamout Bassem I , Beaini Shawkat , Zeineddine Maya M , Akkawi Nabil
Published: April 2017

We report two cases of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) who were misdiagnosed as multiple sclerosis (MS) and developed catastrophic relapses following initiation of dimethyl fumarate. Both patients developed a severe myelitis extending from the cervical cord to the medulla with significant cord swelling, resulting in complete quadriplegia and respiratory difficulties, in addition to severe bilateral visual loss in one patient. It is of note that both catastrophic relapses occurred 2 and 3 months following initiation of dimethyl fumarate.
Unexpected exacerbations following initiation of disease-modifying drugs in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: Which factor is responsible, anti-aquaporin 4 antibodies, B cells, Th1 cells, Th2 cells, Th17 cells, or others?
Authors: Kira Jun-ichi
Published: April 2017

Some disease-modifying drugs for multiple sclerosis, which mainly act on T cells, are ineffective for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and induce unexpected relapses. These include interferon beta, glatiramer acetate, fingolimod, natalizumab, and alemtuzumab. The cases reported here suggest that dimethyl fumarate, which reduces the number of Th1 and Th17 cells and induces IL-4-producing Th2 cells, is also unsuitable for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, irrespective of anti-aquaporin 4 IgG serostatus. Although oral dimethyl fumarate with manageable adverse effects is easy to initiate in the early course of multiple sclerosis, special attention should be paid for atypical demyelinating cases.
PACE trial claims for recovery in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome – true or false? It’s time for an independent review of the methodology and results
Authors: Shepherd Charles Bernard
Published: April 2017

The PACE trial set out to discover whether cognitive behaviour therapy and graded exercise therapy are safe and effective forms of treatment for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. It concluded that these interventions could even result in recovery. However, patient evidence has repeatedly found that cognitive behaviour therapy is ineffective and graded exercise therapy can make the condition worse. The PACE trial methodology has been heavily criticised by clinicians, academics and patients. A re-analysis of the data has cast serious doubts on the recovery rates being claimed. The trust of patients has been lost. The medical profession must start listening to people with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome if trust is going to be restored.
Governing freedom through risk: Locating the group home in the archipelago of confinement and control
Authors: Spivakovsky Claire
Published: April 2017

This article seeks to enhance criminology’s understanding of the disability group home as a targeted site for confining and regulating disabled bodies. In particular, it seeks to extend criminology’s burgeoning understanding of the archipelago of confinement and control, and build upon others’ observations that within this archipelago, the penal has become mobile through site, and the carceral mobile through (disabled) body. The article shows how group homes serve a dual purpose and are marked by an uneven, bifurcated practice. For the vast majority of residents, group homes share little in common with other sites of confinement, but for a select few they can become multilayered sites of confinement and control, containing people first through the site of the group home itself, and then through the site of the person’s disabled body (with all that the designation of disability permits under law). Data supporting the analysis are drawn from the Australian state of Victoria and includes both government documents, as well as transcripts from interviews with 12 stakeholders who provide services and support to people with disability residing within group homes.
Time-Dependent Recovery of Outcome Parameters in Ulnar Shortening for Positive Ulnar Variance: A Prospective Case Series
Authors: Schmidle Gernot , Kastenberger Tobias , Arora Rohit
Published: April 2017

Background: This study evaluates the results of ulnar shortening using the ulna osteotomy locking plate system (UOL; I.T.S. GmbH, Graz, Austria) with special regard to the time-dependent recovery of subjective and objective outcome parameters and surgeons’ experiences. Methods: Ulnar shortening using the UOL was performed on 11 patients (3 men, 8 women) with an average age of 47 ± 19.6 years. Range of motion (ROM) and grip strength were compared with the contralateral hand. Patient-rated outcomes were measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain and the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) and the Patient Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) survey for subjective outcomes. Ulnar variance and bony union were assessed using conventional wrist radiographs. The surgeons evaluated intraoperative handling through a standardized feedback form. Results: ROM improved and grip strength increased significantly between preoperative values and final follow-up. Flexion and supination improved significantly between weeks 8 and 12 and grip strength from week 8 onward. Patient-rated outcomes changed significantly with a final DASH score of 14.2 ± 12.4 and a PRWE score of 24.3 ± 17.0. Pain levels improved significantly with no pain at rest and a mean VAS of 0.8 ± 1.2 during activity. The average amount of shortening was 4.0 ± 1.9 mm with a final ulnar variance of 0.2 ± 1.8 mm. All osteotomies healed with 2 cases of delayed union. Conclusions: In ulnar shortening with the UOL, wrist function recovered after an initial decrease from week 8 onward. Subjective outcome parameters showed early recovery and improved continuously over time.
Viability of Hand and Wrist Photogoniometry
Authors: Meals Clifton G. , Saunders Rebecca J. , Desale Sameer , Means Kenneth R.
Published: April 2017

Background: No goniometric technique is both maximally convenient and completely accurate, although photogoniometry (ie, picture taking to facilitate digital angle measurement) shows promise in this regard. Our purpose was to test the feasibility and reliability of a photogoniometric protocol designed to measure wrist and digit range of motion in general. Methods: Two independent observers examined a sample of joints in both normal and abnormal hands according to a photogoniometric protocol. Interrater and intrarater correlation were calculated, and these measurements were compared with measurements made by a third independent examiner with a manual goniometer. Results: The photo-based measurements were reliable within and between observers; however, only a minority of these measurements were in agreement with manually collected values. Conclusions: At present, photogoniometry is not an acceptable alternative to manual goniometry for determining wrist and digit range of motion in general. Joint-specific photogoniometry should be the subject of future study, as should relevant imaging and software technology.
Malignant stroke in a ticagrelor non-responder as a complication following aneurysm treatment with the Pipeline Embolization Device™
Authors: Ghamasaee Pegah , Carr Kevin , Johnson Jeremiah , Grandhi Ramesh
Published: April 2017

The Pipeline Embolization Device™ (PED; Covidien Neurovascular Inc, Irvine, CA, USA) is a flow-diverting stent often used for the endovascular treatment of large or giant, wide-necked intracranial aneurysms of the internal carotid artery. Because of the inherent thrombogenicity of intracranial stents, dual-antiplatelet therapy is initiated after placement, which has been shown to decrease morbidity and mortality related to perioperative ischemic events in neurointerventional procedures. However, in some series, as much as 50% of patients demonstrate clopidogrel non-responsiveness. In these non-responders, alternate agents such as ticagrelor can be used to achieve adequate anticoagulation. Compared with clopidogrel, a prodrug requiring Cytochrome P450 enzymolysis for activation, ticagrelor directly and reversibly inhibits the P2Y12 ADP receptor. The absorption of the prodrug and the formation of its active metabolite is comparatively quicker ( tmax 1.3–2 hours; 1.5–3 hours, respectively). To date, there have been no documented cases of ticagrelor non-responsiveness involving patients undergoing placement of flow-diverting stents or other endovascular neuro-interventional procedures.
Social media and visual framing of the conflict in Eastern Ukraine
Authors: Makhortykh Mykola , Sydorova Maryna
Published: April 2017

This article investigates the use of social media for visual framing of the conflict in Eastern Ukraine. Using a large set of visual data from a popular social networking site, Vkontakte, the authors employ content analysis to examine how the conflict was represented and interpreted in pro-Ukrainian and pro-Russian online communities during the peak of violence in summer 2014. The findings point to the existence of profound differences in framing the conflict among pro-Ukrainian and pro-Russian online communities. The former tended to interpret the conflict as a limited military action against local insurgents, whereas the latter presented it as an all-out war against the Russian population of Eastern Ukraine. The article suggests that framing the conflict through social media facilitated the propagation of mutually exclusive views on the conflict and led to the formation of divergent expectations in Ukraine and Russia concerning the outcome of the war in Donbas.
Microfracture: State of the Art in Cartilage Surgery?
Authors: Frehner Florian , Benthien Jan P.
Published: April 2017

Objective

This study is a literature review from 2010 to 2014 concerning the quality of evidence in clinical trials about microfracture in attempt to repair articular cartilage. We have decided to focus on microfracturing, since this seems to be the best documented technique. Interest in evaluation of publication quality has risen in orthopaedic sports medicine recently. Therefore, we think it is necessary to evaluate recent clinical trials being rated for their evidence-based medicine (EBM) quality. We also compared the mean impact factor of the journals publishing the different studies as an indicator of the study’s citation and evaluated for a change over the studied time frame.

Design

To measure the EBM level, we applied the modified Coleman Methodology Score (CMS) introduced by Jakobsen. The impact factor, which is a measurement of the yearly average number of citations of articles recently published in that journal, was evaluated according to self-reported values on the corresponding journal’s website.

Results

We found that the mean CMS has not changed between 2010 and 2014. The mean impact factor has also not changed between 2010 and 2014. The CMS variance was high, pointing to different qualities in the evaluated studies. There is no evidence that microfracturing is superior compared to other cartilage repair procedures.

Conclusion

Microfracture cannot be seen as an evidence based procedure. Further research needs to be done and a standardization of the operating method is desirable. There need to be more substantial studies on microfracturing alone without additional therapies.
Menopausal hormone therapy and pancreatic cancer risk in women: a population‐based matched cohort study
Authors: Sadr‐Azodi Omid , Konings Peter , Brusselaers Nele
Published: April 2017

Background

The role of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) in the development of pancreatic cancer is inconclusive owing to small studies and lack of proper study design.

Methods

This population‐based matched cohort study included all Swedish women who used systemic MHT between 1 July 2005 and 31 December 2012. For each user of MHT, three never‐users of MHT were randomly selected, matched for childbirth, history of thromboembolic events, and previous hysterectomy, as well as for year of birth, diabetes, obesity, and smoking‐ or alcohol‐related disorders. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between MHT use and pancreatic cancer. The effect of MHT duration on pancreatic cancer development was calculated using multivariable Poisson regression.

Results

There were 290,186 ever‐users of MHT and 870,165 matched never‐users. During the follow‐up, 311 (0.0011%) ever‐users of MHT and 1220 (0.0014) never‐users developed pancreatic cancer. In a multivariable adjusted model, ever‐users had a 23% reduced risk (OR 0.77; 95% CI: 0.68–0.87) of pancreatic cancer. This risk decreased by 35% (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.65; 95% CI: 0.33–1.27) in women who used MHT 1–2 years and by 60% (IRR 0.40; 95% CI: 0.18–0.88) in women who used MHT ≥ 3 years compared to women with <1 year of MHT use. The type of MHT did not change the results.

Conclusion

Systemic MHT use might reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer.
Listeria Endocarditis: A Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: Valckx Wilhelmina J. A. R. M. , Lutgens Suzanne P. M. , Haerkens-Arends Hortence E. , Barneveld Peter C. , Beutler Jaap J. , Hoogeveen Ellen K.
Published: April 2017

A 74-year-old hemodialysis patient with a history of an atrial septum defect closure, coronary bypass surgery, and a St. Jude aortic prosthetic valve was diagnosed with pneumonia and volume overload. Blood cultures were positive for Listeria monocytogenes, and amoxicillin was given for 2 weeks. Immediately after discontinuation of amoxicillin, fever relapsed. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography showed no sign of endocarditis. Given the fever relapse and 3 positive minor Duke criteria, an 18F-FDG PET-CT scan (18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography-computed tomography) scan was performed. This scan showed activity at the aortic root, proximal ascending aorta, and inferior wall of the heart, making Listeria monocytogenes endocarditis a likely explanation. Amoxicillin was given for 6 weeks with good clinical result. Diagnosing a life-threatening Listeria monocytogenes endocarditis can be challenging and an 18F-FDG PET-CT scan can be helpful.
Use of Placebo Pills Before Treatment Initiation in Youth with HIV: Are They Ready?
Authors: Ingerski Lisa M. , Wilkins Megan L. , Rach Amanda M. , Patel Nehali , Gaur Aditya H.
Published: April 2017

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) nonadherence is related to negative health outcomes and is well-documented in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with behaviorally acquired HIV. Few studies describe methods to improve adherence in this population. This retrospective study describes placebo pill trial use (ie, pills with inert substance prescribed to practice taking HAART) in AYAs initiating HAART and its relation to disease outcomes. Sixty-two AYAs initiated HAART during the review period. Disease outcomes during the first year of standard clinical care were abstracted from medical records. In all, 72.6% of participants received ≥1 pill trial and 27.4% received ≥2 trials. Placebo trial use was not independently related to adherence post-HAART initiation. “Prescription” of a second trial was related to less optimal disease status over the first 6 months of treatment. Placebo trials have the potential to inform clinical care, aid in identifying AYAs at risk for nonadherence, and may provide a novel intervention strategy before/after HAART initiation.
Herpes Simplex Virus, Cytomegalovirus, and Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia in a Treatment-Naive HIV-Positive Patient with Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis: Case Report
Authors: Bapat Anita , Bishburg Eliahu , Nagarakanti Sandhya
Published: April 2017

Infection with multiple pathogens concurrently has become less common since the introduction of potent antiretroviral agent and effective prophylactic agents. We describe a patient with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) admitted with pneumonia who was found to have AIDS and diagnosed with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, human herpesvirus type 1 (HHV-1), and a concomitant cytomegalovirus viremia. Polymerase chain reaction viral load was used for diagnosis of HHV-1 and follow-up. The patient was treated with trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole and ganciclovir and had a resolution of pneumonia. Since patients with PAP who are diagnosed as having AIDS could be concomitantly infected with multiple pathogens, rapid accurate diagnosis and treatment may have a positive effect on outcome.
Student Perceptions About Their General Learning Outcomes
Authors: Barclay McKeown Stephanie , Ercikan Kadriye
Published: April 2017

Aggregate survey responses collected from students are commonly used by universities to compare effective educational practices across program majors, and to make high-stakes decisions about the effectiveness of programs. Yet if there is too much heterogeneity among student responses within programs, the program-level averages may not appropriately represent student-level outcomes, and any decisions made based on these averages may be erroneous. Findings revealed that survey items regarding students’ perceived general learning outcomes could be appropriately aggregated to the program level for 4th-year students in the study but not for 1st-year students. Survey items concerning the learning environment were not valid for either group when aggregated to the program level. This study demonstrates the importance of considering the multilevel nature of survey results and determining the multilevel validity of program-level interpretations prior to making any conclusions based on aggregate student responses. Implications for institutional effectiveness research are discussed.
Exploring the Housing Needs of Older People in Standard and Sheltered Social Housing
Authors: Fox Siobhan , Kenny Lorna , Day Mary Rose , O’Connell Cathal , Finnerty Joe , Timmons Suzanne
Published: April 2017

Objective: Our home can have a major impact on our physical and mental health; this is particularly true for older people who may spend more time at home. Older people in social (i.e., public) housing are particularly vulnerable. Housing options for older people in social housing include standard design dwellings or specially designed “sheltered housing.” The most suitable housing model should be identified, with older people consulted in this process. Method: Survey of older people (aged ≥60) living in standard or sheltered social housing. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS Version 22. Results: Overall, 380 surveys were returned (response rate = 47.2%). All older people had similar housing needs. Those in sheltered housing were more satisfied with the physical home design and reported more positive outcomes. Older people in standard housing were less likely to have necessary adaptations to facilitate aging-in-place. Discussion: Older people in standard housing reported more disability/illnesses, are worried about the future, and felt less safe at home. However, few wanted to move, and very few viewed sheltered housing as an alternative, suggesting limited knowledge about their housing options. Future social housing designs should be flexible, that is, adaptable to the needs of the tenants over time.
Kyawthuite, Bi3+Sb5+O4, a new gem mineral from Mogok, Burma (Myanmar)
Authors: Kampf Anthony R. , Rossman George R. , Ma Chi , Williams Peter A.
Published: April 2017

Kyawthuite, Bi3+Sb5+O4, is a new gem mineral found as a waterworn crystal in alluvium at Chaung-gyi-ah-le-ywa in the Chaung-gyi valley, near Mogok, Burma (Myanmar). Its description is based upon a single sample, which was faceted into a 1.61-carat gem.The composition suggests that the mineral formed in a pegmatite. Kyawthuite is monoclinic, space group I2/c, with unit cell dimensions a = 5.4624(4), b = 4.88519(17), c = 11.8520(8) Å, β = 101.195(7)°, V = 310.25(3) Å3and Z = 4. The colour is reddish orange and the streak is white. It is transparent with adamantine lustre. The Mohs hardness is 5½. Kyawthuite is brittle with a conchoidal fracture and three cleavages: {001} perfect, {110} and {110} good. The measured density is 8.256(5) g cm–3and the calculated density is 8.127 g cm–3. The mineral is optically biaxial with 2V = 90(2)°. The predicted indices of refraction are α = 2.194, β = 2.268, γ = 2.350. Pleochroism is imperceptible and the optical orientation is X = b; Y≈ c; Z ≈ a. Electron microprobe analyses, provided the empirical formula (Bi0.823+Sb0.183+)∑1.00(Sb0.995+Ta0.015+)∑1.00O4. The Raman spectrumis similar to that of synthetic Bi3+Sb5+O4. The infrared spectrum shows a trace amount of OH/H2O. The eight strongest powder X-ray diffraction lines are [dobs in Å(I)(hkl)]: 3.266(100)(112), 2.900(66)(112), 2.678(24)(200), 2.437(22)(020,114), 1.8663(21)(024), 1.8026(43)(116,220,204), 1.6264(23)(224,116) and 1.5288(28)(312,132). In the crystal structure of kyawthuite (R1 = 0.0269 for 593 reflections with Fo > 4σF), Sb5+O6 octahedrashare corners to form chequerboard-like sheets parallel to {001}. Atoms of Bi3+, located above and below the open squares in the sheets, form bonds to the O atoms in the sheets, thereby linking adjacent sheets into a framework. The Bi3+ atom is in lopsided 8 coordination,typical of a cation with stereoactive lone electron pairs. Kyawthuite is isostructural with synthetic β-Sb2O4 and clinocervantite (natural β-Sb2O4).
Real Time Analysis, Time Axis Manipulation
Authors: Kittler Friedrich
Published: April 2017

This essay traces the advances in time axis manipulation brought about by the media switches from symbolic mediation (alphabet) to analogue recording (phonography and cinematography) and digital processing (computers). Special emphasis is on the mathematical dimension of the final stage. The Fourier transform enables the conversion of sound events into periodicities with numerical values that can then be manipulated and converted back into sound events, even if there was no original source involved. The media access frequencies and operate at speeds beyond all human thresholds. Kittler argues that the resulting ability to subvert and simulate human perception is the very definition of technical media.
Herbert Marcuse and the Promesse Du Bonheur
Authors: Miles Malcolm
Published: April 2017

In an essay on French literature in the period of Nazi occupation, Herbert Marcuse argues that a literature of intimacy—love poems and romantic novels—is the last resort of freedom in totalitarian conditions. Written in 1945 and revised in the 1970s, Marcuse’s essay argues that in the face of totalitarianism, a literature of intimacy opens a realm of human experience that is outside the control of the regime. Because it carries a memory of joy, it is radically other to the ethos of the regime. Later, in The Aesthetic Dimension (1978), Marcuse returns to the role of aesthetics when political change is unlikely to occur. The article revisits Marcuse’s 1945 essay and his reading of the poetry of Charles Baudelaire and Paul Eluard. It begins by relating Marcuse’s interest in love poetry to the work of other critical theorists who see a radical role for aesthetics and the pursuit of happiness in periods when political change is blocked. It examines the 1945 essay, puts it in context of Marcuse’s work for the US intelligence services in the 1940s, and looks at the similarities between the 1945 essay and Marcuse’s later writing. Finally, it asks whether Marcuse’s arguments matter today (as the dreams for which the New Left of the 1960s went in search appear as remote as ever).
Communicating Graphically
Authors: Applegate Matt , Cohen Jamie
Published: April 2017

This article connects the evolution and formation of contemporary Internet language with its graphical underpinnings, arguing that Internet language is a form of visual knowledge production that combines and layers image and text through a contested political economy. The authors focus on the linguistic contours of graphical representation and display by providing a brief media archaeology of contemporary Internet language, upsetting its separation into generational stages, and therefore a linear progression of its history. At the same time, the authors argue that contemporary Internet language elicits a subversive operation as it layers, allowing its graphical components to exceed acts of political censorship. The authors forward this argument in an economic context as well, examining how the graphical dimensions of contemporary Internet language are both delimited by and opposed to the restrictions of communicative capitalism. Taking the cultural battle between Universal Pictures’ Minions and Pepe the Frog as their primary example, the authors argue that some forms of graphical representation and display produce an anticapitalist concept of rarity when they function linguistically, attempting to protect the cultures that produce this kind of linguistic act from commodification.
hackseq: Catalyzing collaboration between biological and computational scientists via hackathon
Authors:   hackseq Organizing Committee 2016
Published: April 2017

hackseq (http://www.hackseq.com) was a genomics hackathon with the aim of bringing together a diverse set of biological and computational scientists to work on collaborative bioinformatics projects. In October 2016, 66 participants from nine nations came together for three days for hackseq and collaborated on nine projects ranging from data visualization to algorithm development. The response from participants was overwhelmingly positive with 100% (n = 54) of survey respondents saying they would like to participate in future hackathons. We detail key steps for others interested in organizing a successful hackathon and report excerpts from each project.