bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ontogeny, phyllotactic diversity, and discontinuous transitions of Diphasiastrum digitatum (Lycopodiaceae)
Authors: Yin Xiaofeng , Meicenheimer Roger D.
Published: December 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Fibonacci phyllotactic patterns in seed plants are well documented, but whether such predominance holds true for lower vascular plants is relatively unknown. We investigated Diphasiastrum digitatum (Lycopodiaceae) phyllotaxis throughout its ontogeny to extend our knowledge of pattern frequency of lower vascular plants and to measure quantitative variables associated with discontinuous phyllotactic transitions. These investigations allowed us to test whether the same mechanisms inherent in shoot apical meristem (SAM) development of seed plants are applicable to early‐diverged lower vascular plants SAM development.

METHODS:

Divergence angle, plastochron ratio, leaf insertion angle, circumferential ratio, radial ratio, half conic angle, area, circumference, and circularity of the shoot apical meristem were compared among different phyllotactic patterns and different meristem types observed throughout D. digitatum ontogeny, using scanning electron microscopy.

KEY RESULTS:

Fibonacci patterns were not predominant during six stages of D. digitatum ontogeny. In all five cases of discontinuous transition associated with strobili formation, divergence angle was the only variable that has changed consistently.

CONCLUSIONS:

The predominance of non‐Fibonacci patterns/series in D. digitatum is inconsistent with the prediction of interpretive model of phyllotaxis. We hypothesize this is because its SAM, due to its frequent dichotomy, is not circular and primordia initiation is restricted spatially and temporally at the beginning of pattern formation. Change in divergence angle associated with discontinuous transitions is most likely due to the change of the location of new auxin maxima, due to the change of SAM shape and size.
First DMAP-mediated direct conversion of Morita–Baylis–Hillman alcohols into γ-ketoallylphosphonates: Synthesis of γ-aminoallylphosphonates
Authors: Ayadi Marwa , Elleuch Haitham , Vrancken Emmanuel , Rezgui Farhat
Published: December 2016

An efficient synthesis of a series of γ-ketoallylphosphonates through a direct conversion of both primary and secondary Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) alcohols by trialkyl phosphites with or without DMAP, used as additive, and under solvent-free conditions, is described herein for the first time. Subsequently, a highly regioselective Luche reduction of the primary phosphonate 2a (R = H) gave the corresponding γ-hydroxyallylphosphonate 5 that further reacted with tosylamines in the presence of diiodine (15 mol %) as a catalyst, affording the corresponding SN2-type products 6a–d in 63 to 70% isolated yields. Alternatively, the alcohol 5 produced the corresponding acetate 7 which, mediated by Ce(III), was successfully converted into the corresponding γ-aminoallylphosphonates 8a–d.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MOLECULAR CLOUDS FOR THE ENTIRE MILKY WAY DISK
Authors: Miville-Deschênes Marc-Antoine , Murray Norman , Lee Eve J.
Published: December 2016

This study presents a catalog of 8107 molecular clouds that covers the entire Galactic plane and includes 98% of the 12CO emission observed within

. The catalog was produced using a hierarchical cluster identification method applied to the result of a Gaussian decomposition of the Dame et al. data. The total H2 mass in the catalog is

, in agreement with previous estimates. We find that 30% of the sight lines intersect only a single cloud, with another 25% intersecting only two clouds. The most probable cloud size is

pc. We find that

, with no correlation between the cloud surface density, Σ, and R. In contrast with the general idea, we find a rather large range of values of Σ, from 2 to 300 M
⊙ pc−2, and a systematic decrease with increasing Galactic radius,

. The cloud velocity dispersion and the normalization

both decrease systematically with

. When studied over the whole Galactic disk, there is a large dispersion in the line width–size relation and a significantly better correlation between

and

. The normalization of this correlation is constant to better than a factor of two for

. This relation is used to disentangle the ambiguity between near and far kinematic distances. We report a strong variation of the turbulent energy injection rate. In the outer Galaxy it may be maintained by accretion through the disk and/or onto the clouds, but neither source can drive the 100 times higher cloud-averaged injection rate in the inner Galaxy.
INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM MAPPING IN M82 THROUGH LIGHT ECHOES AROUND SUPERNOVA 2014J
Authors: Yang Yi , Wang Lifan , Baade Dietrich , Brown Peter. J. , Cracraft Misty , Höflich Peter A. , Maund Justyn , Patat Ferdinando , Sparks William B. , Spyromilio Jason , Stevance Heloise F. , Wang Xiaofeng , Wheeler J. Craig
Published: December 2016

We present multiple-epoch measurements of the size and surface brightness of the light echoes from supernova (SN) 2014J in the nearby starburst galaxy M82. Hubble Space Telescope (HST) ACS/WFC images were taken ∼277 and ∼416 days after B-band maximum in the filters F475W, F606W, and F775W. Observations with HST WFC3/UVIS images at epochs ∼216 and ∼365 days are included for a more complete analysis. The images reveal the temporal evolution of at least two major light-echo components. The first one exhibits a filled ring structure with position-angle-dependent intensity. This radially extended, diffuse echo indicates the presence of an inhomogeneous interstellar dust cloud ranging from ∼100 to ∼500 pc in the foreground of the SN. The second echo component appears as an unresolved luminous quarter-circle arc centered on the SN. The wavelength dependence of scattering measured in different dust components suggests that the dust producing the luminous arc favors smaller grain sizes, while that causing the diffuse light echo may have sizes similar to those of the Milky Way dust. Smaller grains can produce an optical depth consistent with that along the supernova-Earth line of sight measured by previous studies around maximum light. Therefore, it is possible that the dust slab from which the luminous arc arises is also responsible for most of the extinction toward SN 2014J. The optical depths determined from the Milky Way-like dust in the scattering matters are lower than the optical depth produced by the dust slab.
Evaluation of the immunogenic property of NT H. influenzae protein D with Neisseria meningitidis OMV in BALB/c
Authors: Behrouzi Ava , Bouzari Saeid , Siadat Seyed Davar , Oloomi Mana , Davari Mehdi , Mazaheri Hoora
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Identifying ideal non typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) vaccine candidates has not been easy due to extensive sequence and antigenic variation among gene products interacting with the immune system. Protein D (PD) is a highly conserved 42 kDa surface lipoprotein available in all H. influenzae, including NTHi. Methodology: In this study, the gene encoding PD was cloned from H. influenzae and expressed in Escheriachia coli TOPO10 cell in pBAD vector. Arabinose was used to express recombinant protein. In order to purify the protein, Ni-NTA agarose was used to perform affinity chromatography. Purified PD and PD mixed with outer membrane vesicle (OMV) and alum adjuvant were used for subcutaneous immunization in BALB/c mice. After vaccination, IgG responses to PD-OMV, PD-alum, and PD alone were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The recombinant PD containing His6 residues showed a molecular weight of 42 kDa. Anti-PD IgG was detected after first immunization in all groups of mice compared to the negative control group, and it increased after first vaccination, but results showed that the addition of OMV to PD led to a remarkable increase in IgG responses. Conclusions: Our results suggest an important role for OMV as an adjuvant and show how it could potentially be used when conjugated to H. influenzae PD or other safe subunit vaccine candidates.
Rapid transmission of multidrug-resistant Corynebacterium striatum among susceptible patients in a tertiary hospital in China
Authors: Wang Junrui , Wang Yanyan , Du Xiaoli , Cui Jinghua , Wang Kai , Zhang Lipeng , Han Yanqiu
Published: December 2016

Introduction: With increasing reports about Corynebacterium striatum, its potential pathogenicity and clinical significance are drawing more attention in recent years. Methodology: During a 14-month period, Corynebacterium striatum strains were routinely isolated in lower respiratory tract samples of the inpatients in a tertiary hospital in China, and the suspected isolates were identified with VITEK-2 ANC card and 16S rRNA sequencing technique, respectively. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was employed to discriminate different clones, and biofilm-producing abilities of different strains were compared. Results: A total of 82 strains of Corynebacterium striatum were mainly isolated from neurosurgery patients (45.1%, 37/82). Three epidemic clones (type D, F, and I) were identified, accounting for 82.9% (68/82) of strains. All 82 C. striatum strains were all sensitive to vancomycin, and resistant to ceftriaxone, imipenem, and ciprofloxacin. One week before C. striatum isolation, 89.0% (73/82) patients showed lower levels of hemoglobin, 93.9% (77/82) of patients received treatment of several kinds of antibiotics, and 41.5% (34/82) patients with glucocorticoid, and 46.3% (38/82) of patients showed disturbed consciousness at different levels. Conclusions: Corynebacterium striatum strains isolated during this study were mainly multidrug resistant, and the predominant clones could rapidly transmit among susceptible inpatients. Corynebacterium striatum seems to be an important pathogen for patients with specific risk factors, especially for the ones with lower hemoglobin levels who are being treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Une approche ethno-psychiatrique de la guérison des traumatismes chez les immigrants contraints et les victimes de torture : cas clinique
Authors: Caizzi Cristina , Ciambellini Simona , Blondel Agnès
Published: December 2016

Lorsque des blessures infligées volontairement et à répétition demeurent invisibles, elles n’en sont que plus dévastatrices. Une personne que l’on torture est anéantie à un point tel que les différences personnelles, sociales et culturelles n’ont plus d’importance. Voilà l’objectif de la torture. Cet article parle de psychothérapie avec des immigrants contraints, certains victimes de torture, dans le cadre du projet « Blessures Invisibles » de l’agence Caritas Diocèse de Rome. Ce projet vise à reconnaître, accueillir, soigner ces personnes et à leur offrir l’opportunité de se redécouvrir en tant qu’individus ayant droit à une vie épanouissante. Un exemple de cas montre le processus thérapeutique, du diagnostic à l’analyse poussée des phases du traitement en accord avec les théories de l’analyse transactionnelle. Sont également décrits le cadre soigneusement construit, les groupes de travail et le réseau social au sein desquels ce travail est accompli.
Ludovic de Besse (1831-1910), un capucin artisan du crédit populaire
Authors: Lebon Dominique
Published: December 2016

Ludovic de Besse est un capucin français qui s’est préoccupé, dans la mouvance du catholicisme social, de questions économiques. Lié à l’école de Frédéric Le Play, il est un des chefs de file de l’école catholique libérale d’Angers, réformiste par rapport au capitalisme, et méfiante à l’égard de l’État. Sensible à la situation souvent difficile des artisans et commerçants, il cherche les moyens de soutenir et protéger leurs activités professionnelles. Il s’intéresse à la coopération de crédit, crée lui-même deux banques populaires, qu’il veut non-confessionnelles. Il contribue à fédérer les initiatives et s’allie aux républicains alors que, comme tous les catholiques intransigeants, il rêve d’une contre-société opposée à celle qui est née de la Révolution. Mais, pour lui, cette société doit être fondée sur des valeurs partagées par les catholiques et par ceux qu’il appelle « les honnêtes gens ».
Logiques de formation en entreprise d’entraînement
Authors: Frétigné Cédric
Published: December 2016

Afin de nouer un lien de qualité entre formation et emploi, les promoteurs de stages en entreprise d’entraînement développent une pédagogie axée sur l’apprentissage en situation de travail. L’article s’attache à présenter les trois voies adoptées, en France, pour mener à bien cette orientation pédagogique et discute de leur place respective dans l’action de formation : l’aller-retour entre formations « théoriques » et autoformation dans le « modèle de l’EEP » ; la promotion des activités d’entreprise réalisées sur poste de travail en « EE » ; la valorisation des formations « classiques » comme préalable à toute application pratique dans « l’EEP scolaire ».
Amyand's Hernia: A Case Report
Authors: Shekhani Haris Naseem , Rohatgi Saurabh , Hanna Tarek Noel , Johnson Jamlik-Omari
Published: December 2016

Amyand's hernia is a rare and atypical hernia characterized by the herniation of the appendix into the inguinal sac. This hernia may be present without symptoms until inflammation of the appendix may lead to incarceration, strangulation, necrosis, perforation or rupture. Early symptoms include tenderness and inguinal swelling which may be misdiagnosed as a strangulated hernia. This condition can be difficult to diagnose clinically. Ultrasound and Computed Tomography may aid in diagnosis. This article presents a rare case of Amyand's hernia followed by a discussion of the epidemiology, diagnosis, imaging details and treatment options for this condition.
Dermoid of the oral cavity: case report with histopathology correlation and review of literature
Authors: Patel Hanisha , Mayl Jonathan , Chandra Bhawna , Pritchett Cedric , Chandra Tushar
Published: December 2016

Dermoid cysts are rare masses of the oral cavity derived from ectodermal elements. These are benign, slow-growing tumors that are typically asymptomatic but cause complications of inflammation or dysphagia, dystonia, and airway encroachment due to mass effects. We report the case of a 17 year old female with a painless mass in the left side of the oral cavity. Ultrasound findings demonstrated non-specific findings of a cystic lesion, and definite diagnosis was made with contrast-enhanced CT and intraoperatively with pathologic confirmation. This retrospective report highlights the challenges in evaluating masses of the oral cavity with imaging and provides a comprehensive discussion on imaging of oral masses on various imaging modalities to guide diagnosis and management.
Single coronary artery arising from the right sinus of Valsalva presenting with chest pain
Authors: Liew Charlene , MacDonald Michael , Poh Angeline C. C.
Published: December 2016

Single coronary artery is a rare anomaly, with a reported incidence of 0.024%. It can be diagnosed on coronary computed tomography angiography, where the presence of ostial narrowing and compression between the great vessels must be carefully excluded, since these malignant forms can lead to sudden cardiac death and other ischemic complications. We describe a case of single coronary artery arising from the right sinus of Valsalva presenting with symptoms of ischemic chest pain.
Cámara de curado de temperatura y humedad constante
Authors: Hughes B. P.
Published: December 2016

Not available
Impresiones de una visita a la industria del cemento norteamericana
Authors: De Arteaga Larumbe José M.
Published: December 2016

Not available
« Le moyen de passer de la foi à l’intelligence »
Authors: Carbone Raffaele
Published: December 2016

Cet article porte sur la question du rapport entre raison et foi chez Malebranche. Dès la Recherche de la vérité, l’oratorien suggère qu’il existe une base commune aux deux domaines, mais dans son premier ouvrage il insiste plutôt sur la séparation de la raison et de la foi, tandis que dans les textes postérieurs il fait valoir la continuité et l’harmonie entre les deux ordres. En analysant certains passages de ces ouvrages, on thématise l’idée qu’on peut passer de la foi à l’intelligence et on montre que cet effort d’éclaircissement des vérités de foi laisse apparaître des sentiments et des états humains, comme la fatigue causée par le dur labeur de la méditation. On se penche ensuite sur l’interprétation malebranchienne du mystère de la Trinité, qui s’avère éclairant pour comprendre la situation problématique de l’homme post-lapsaire. On montre ainsi comment Malebranche se sert d’un mystère incompréhensible pour progresser dans la connaissance de la nature humaine. Dans ces conditions, on passe de l’effort de comprendre par l’intelligence ce que l’on croit par la foi à un autre genre de travail : comprendre la condition humaine à travers les mystères de la foi partiellement éclairés par l’intelligence.
Rôle de l’athéisme dans la pensée libertine : quelles Lumières ?
Authors: Gengoux Nicole
Published: December 2016

Nous remettons en question la notion de libertinage, non en niant son unité et son contenu philosophique mais, au contraire, en dégageant le rôle foncier de l’athéisme. Ceci ne va pas sans difficultés : d’abord, le rejet du terme « athée » par les auteurs dits « libertins » eux-mêmes, puis la double caractérisation des libertins courante chez les spécialistes, d’une part, sur le plan théorique, par l’anti-dogmatisme et, d’autre part, sur le plan politique, par un conservatisme qui s’exprime à travers la thèse de l’imposture nécessaire des religions. Nous proposons, à l’inverse, de caractériser les libertins par un athéisme foncier, conscient ou non, et un humanisme qui ne doit pas se cantonner à la sphère morale mais se traduit en politique par les idées de tolérance et de « liberté de conscience ». En conséquence, l’idée de « droit naturel » n’est pas l’apanage de la pensée chrétienne ni la libre pensée n’est une simple laïcisation de la pensée religieuse. Toutefois, le lien entre l’athéisme et les Lumières du siècle suivant est discutable, tant sur le plan politique que scientifique. Est-ce à dire que le concept de « Lumières » appliqué aux libertins soit anachronique ?
Au sujet du besoin d’un niveau de preuve robuste pour évaluer le risque
Authors: Erné-Heintz Valentine , Vergnaud Jean-Christophe
Published: December 2016

La méthode quantitative d’évaluation des risques sanitaires caractérise le risque sur la base de relations de cause à effet établies scientifiquement et d’une quantification de l’exposition établie par des mesures ou issue de modélisation. Dès lors, prouver l’existence d’un risque est directement lié à la disponibilité d’études scientifiques et/ou la capacité des experts à dégager un consensus. Cependant, cette démarche linéaire repose sur la possibilité d’établir les preuves du risque, ce qui s’avère délicat pour certains risques émergents ou nouveaux risques. Non seulement les connaissances scientifiques disponibles ne favorisent plus une prise de décision, mais elles sont parfois à l’origine de controverses. La subjectivité des experts s’introduit alors parfois de manière forte dans l’évaluation du risque.
L’usage par les juges français des connaissances scientifiques sur la dangerosité des pesticides
Authors: Lucas Marthe
Published: December 2016

Cet article propose d’explorer quels sont le rôle et la place des connaissances scientifiques dans un contentieux en émergence fortement marqué par des incertitudes scientifiques, celui des pesticides. Il repose sur une analyse des décisions faisant apparaître des questionnements sur la dangerosité ou l’innocuité des produits phytopharmaceutiques devant les juridictions administratives et judiciaires (chambres civile, pénale, sociale). Dans un premier temps, il est troublant de constater d’une part l’imprécision générale avec laquelle les connaissances scientifiques sont recensées dans les jugements et arrêts étudiés et d’autre part la variété des usages que le juge en fait. L’article présente dans un second temps dans quelles circonstances le juge fait appel ou s’appuie (ou non) sur ces sources en cas d’incertitudes scientifiques. Il va en effet devoir trancher en fonction des éléments de faits et de droit et au vu d’études scientifiques, de conclusions de l’expert judiciaire ou d’avis d’organismes publics contradictoires. Cette étude invite ainsi à réfléchir, notamment à travers l’exemple des atteintes causées aux abeilles, sur les corrélations ou l’absence de corrélations entre les incertitudes scientifiques et juridiques.
La production des savoirs sur les pesticides dans la règlementation européenne
Authors: Martin Annie
Published: December 2016

Cet article présente une approche critique des règles de production des connaissances sur la nocivité des produits phytopharmaceutiques en droit européen. Inscrit dans le cadre théorique emprunté à la sociologie, l’agnotologie, il montre que la méconnaissance de l’origine des normes européennes et leur nature juridique sont des facteurs expliquant que leur substance engendre une production d’ignorance sur la nocivité des pesticides. Les règles européennes de production des savoirs sur les pesticides sont en effet le fruit d’un phénomène de circulation des normes entre l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économique et l’Union européenne depuis le début des années 70. Ce trait des règles européennes, méconnu de la littérature juridique académique, est d’autant plus invisible que le transfert des normes s’opère par le biais de nombreux textes techniques qui relèvent tant de la soft law que du droit dur. Le contenu des règles européennes de production des connaissances sur la nocivité des produits phytopharmaceutiques confirme qu’elles produisent de l’ignorance à deux niveaux : les critères harmonisés de nocivité déterminants pour l’interdiction d’accès au marché sont incomplets et peuvent être écartés par le jeu de dérogations ; les règles annoncent la production de savoirs sur trois catégories de substances prises individuellement, mais seule l’une d’elles est l’objet d’une évaluation, tandis que les règles d’identification des risques liés aux effets cumulés des substances n’existent toujours pas.
Hyperactivation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Myeloid Cells Leads to Severe Organ Damage in Experimental Lupus
Authors: Lu Ailing , Li Hua , Niu Junling , Wu Shuxian , Xue Guang , Yao Xiaomin , Guo Qiuhong , Wan Nianhong , Abliz Paride , Yang Guiwen , An Liguo , Meng Guangxun
Published: December 2016

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune syndrome associated with severe organ damage resulting from the activation of immune cells. Recently, a role for caspase-1 in murine lupus was described, indicating an involvement of inflammasomes in the development of SLE. Among multiple inflammasomes identified, the NLRP3 inflammasome was connected to diverse diseases, including autoimmune encephalomyelitis. However, the function of NLRP3 in SLE development remains elusive. In this study, we explored the role of NLRP3 in the development of SLE using the pristane-induced experimental lupus model. It was discovered that more severe lupus-like syndrome developed in Nlrp3-R258W mice carrying the gain-of-function mutation. Nlrp3-R258W mutant mice exhibited significantly higher mortality upon pristane challenge. Moreover, prominent hypercellularity and interstitial nephritis were evident in the glomeruli of Nlrp3-R258W mice. In addition, hyperactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in this mouse line resulted in proteinuria and mesangial destruction. Importantly, all of these phenotypes were largely attributed to the Nlrp3-R258W mutation expressed in myeloid cells, because Cre recombinase–mediated depletion of this mutant from such cells rescued mice from experimental lupus. Taken together, our study demonstrates a critical role for NLRP3 in the development of SLE and suggests that modulating the inflammasome signal may help to control the inflammatory damage in autoimmune diseases, including lupus.
Pharmacological Inhibition of Bromodomain Proteins Suppresses Retinal Inflammatory Disease and Downregulates Retinal Th17 Cells
Authors: Eskandarpour Malihe , Alexander Robert , Adamson Peter , Calder Virginia L.
Published: December 2016

Experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), in which CD4+ Th1 and/or Th17 cells are immunopathogenic, mimics various clinical features of noninfectious uveitis in humans. The impact of bromodomain extraterminal (BET) inhibitors on Th17 cell function was studied in a mouse model of EAU in vivo and in mouse and human Th17 cells in vitro. Two BET inhibitors (GSK151 and JQ1) were able to ameliorate the progression of inflammation in EAU and in mouse CD4+ T cells in vitro, downregulating levels of Th17 cells. Additionally, the uveitogenic capacity of Th17 cells to transfer EAU was abrogated by BET inhibitors in an adoptive transfer model. In human CD4+ T cells, a 5-d exposure to BET inhibitors was accompanied by a significant downregulation of Th17-associated genes IL-17A, IL-22, and retinoic acid–related orphan receptor γt. However, in vitro, the inhibitors had no effect on already polarized Th17 cells. The key finding is that, in response to BET inhibitors, Th17-enriched cultures developed a regulatory phenotype, upregulated FOXP3 expression and IL-10 secretion, and lost pathogenicity in vivo. We conclude that BET targeting of Th17 cells is a potential therapeutic opportunity for a wide range of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including uveitis.
IL-6 Inhibits Upregulation of Membrane-Bound TGF-β 1 on CD4+ T Cells and Blocking IL-6 Enhances Oral Tolerance
Authors: Kuhn Chantal , Rezende Rafael Machado , M’Hamdi Hanane , da Cunha Andre Pires , Weiner Howard L.
Published: December 2016

Oral administration of Ag induces regulatory T cells that express latent membrane-bound TGF-β (latency-associated peptide [LAP]) and have been shown to play an important role in the induction of oral tolerance. We developed an in vitro model to study modulation of LAP+ on CD4+ T cells. The combination of anti-CD3 mAb, anti-CD28 mAb, and recombinant IL-2 induced expression of LAP on naive CD4+ T cells, independent of Foxp3 or exogenous TGF-β. In vitro generated CD4+LAP+Foxp3− T cells were suppressive in vitro, inhibiting proliferation of naive CD4+ T cells and IL-17A secretion by Th17 cells. Assessing the impact of different cytokines and neutralizing Abs against cytokines, we found that LAP induction was decreased in the presence of IL-6 and IL-21, and to a lesser extent by IL-4 and TNF-α. IL-6 abrogated the in vitro induction of CD4+LAP+ T cells by STAT3-dependent inhibition of Lrrc32 (glycoprotein A repetitions predominant [GARP]), the adapter protein that tethers TGF-β to the membrane. Oral tolerance induction was enhanced in mice lacking expression of IL-6R by CD4+ T cells and by treatment of wild-type mice with neutralizing anti-IL-6 mAb. These results suggest that proinflammatory cytokines interfere with oral tolerance induction and that blocking the IL-6 pathway is a potential strategy for enhancing oral tolerance in the setting of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
cAMP Signaling of Adenylate Cyclase Toxin Blocks the Oxidative Burst of Neutrophils through Epac-Mediated Inhibition of Phospholipase C Activity
Authors: Cerny Ondrej , Anderson Karen E. , Stephens Len R. , Hawkins Phillip T. , Sebo Peter
Published: December 2016

The adenylate cyclase toxin-hemolysin (CyaA) plays a key role in immune evasion and virulence of the whooping cough agent Bordetella pertussis. CyaA penetrates the complement receptor 3–expressing phagocytes and ablates their bactericidal capacities by catalyzing unregulated conversion of cytosolic ATP to the key second messenger molecule cAMP. We show that signaling of CyaA-generated cAMP blocks the oxidative burst capacity of neutrophils by two converging mechanisms. One involves cAMP/protein kinase A–mediated activation of the Src homology region 2 domain–containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) and limits the activation of MAPK ERK and p38 that are required for assembly of the NADPH oxidase complex. In parallel, activation of the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) provokes inhibition of the phospholipase C by an as yet unknown mechanism. Indeed, selective activation of Epac by the cell-permeable analog 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-2′-O-methyladenosine-3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate counteracted the direct activation of phospholipase C by 2,4,6-trimethyl-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzenesulfonamide. Hence, by inhibiting production of the protein kinase C–activating lipid, diacylglycerol, cAMP/Epac signaling blocks the bottleneck step of the converging pathways of oxidative burst triggering. Manipulation of neutrophil membrane composition by CyaA-produced signaling of cAMP thus enables B. pertussis to evade the key innate host defense mechanism of reactive oxygen species–mediated killing of bacteria by neutrophils.
Effects of phosphorus on the growth and chlorophyll fluorescence of a Dunaliella salina strain isolated from saline soil under nitrate limitation
Authors: Wongsnansilp Tassnapa , Juntawong Niran , Wu Zhe
Published: December 2016

An isolated Dunaliella salina (D. salina) KU XI from saline soils in northeastern Thailand was cultured in f/2 medium in column photobioreactor. The variations of the growth, chlorophyll and beta-carotene content and the maximum quantum yield of PS II photochemistry (Fv/Fm) under different NaH2PO4 concentrations were studied. Based on the results, the growth kinetics of D. salina KU XI was established, which could simulate the algae growth rate under different phosphate concentrations and temperatures. The phosphorus could significantly affect the growth and pigments accumulations of this isolated strain. Increasing NaH2PO4 concentration improved the biomass, the total chlorophyll and beta-carotene content, retarded the decrease of Fv/Fm value. The optimal phosphate concentration for the growth of D. salina KU XI was above 72.6 μM. The maximum biomass and beta-carotene were 0.24 g L-1 and 17.4 mg L-1 respectively when NaH2PO4 was 290.4 μM. The algae growth was restrained by phosphate or nitrate when NaH2PO4 below 12.1 μM or above 72.6 μM. It indicated that properly supplementing nitrate in the late growth stage with high phosphate concentration was favored for enhancing the growth and biomass production.
Effect of clone size on submergence tolerance and post-submergence growth recovery in Carex brevicuspis (Cyperaceae)
Authors: Deng Zhengmiao , Xie Yonghong , Chen Xinsheng , Li Feng , Hu Cong , Liu Na
Published: December 2016

Clonal plants are prevalent in wetlands and play important roles in maintaining the functions of the ecosystem. In the present study, we determined the effect of clone sizes (R1, R2, and R3 comprising 1, 3, and 5clumping ramets) on the tolerance of Carex brevicuspis growing under 30-cm-deep water to three different periods (one, two, and three months) of submergence and its growth recovery one month after de-submergence. Our results showed that the relative growth rate (RGR) of C. brevicuspis significantly declined with increasing submergence time, and was higher in R3 and R5 than in R1 plants under both submergence and post-submergence conditions. The concentration of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) was highest in R3, intermediate in R5, and the lowest in R1 plants during the first two months of submergence, indicating an optimal trade-off between energy investment and vegetative growth (i.e., buds and ramets production) in C. brevicuspis. WSCs were significantly reduced with increasing submergence time, while the starch content was significantly reduced only during the third month of submergence, implying that WSCs were a direct energy source for C. brevicuspis during submergence. The number of buds was higher in R5 than in R3 and R1 plants after two and three months of submergence, which directly resulted in a significantly higher post-submergence ramet production in R5 plants. These results indicated that plants with relatively larger clone sizes display better tolerance to submergence stress and post-submergence growth recovery. Therefore, we speculate that the large clone size in C brevicuspis might be an effective adaptive mechanism to survive under submergence stress in floodplain wetlands.
Complete Remission of Locally Advanced Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma after Multimodality Treatment
Authors: Meng Yifan , Bernie Helen Levey , Weng Tzu-Hua , Ling Dean-An , Messing Edward M. , Guancial Elizabeth
Published: December 2016

Treatment of locally advanced penile squamous cell carcinoma (pSCC) remains highly controversial secondary to disease rarity and lack of prospective randomized controlled trials. The current mainstays of care are multi-modality treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery. However, clinicians often have difficulty making recommendations for patients unable to tolerate chemotherapy or surgery due to scarcity of data to guide clinical decision-making. We report two cases of locally advanced pSCC that achieved complete remission after treatment with cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery in one case, and concurrent cisplatin chemoradiation in a second, supporting the use of chemotherapy as part of first-line multimodal therapy. We also discuss additional treatment options for patients unable to tolerate traditional chemotherapy regimens.
Silicone Foley’s catheter as an effective alternative to Hunter’s rod in staged flexor tendon reconstruction of the hand
Authors: Ahmad Tawheed , Bashir Sheikh Adil , Zaroo Mohammad Inam , Wani Adil Hafeez , Rashid Saima , Jan Summaira
Published: December 2016

Context: Staged flexor tendon reconstruction is most suitable treatment method for extensive zone II tendon injuries. The Hunter’s rod used in this procedure is costly and not easily available, which adds to the miseries of both patients as well as treating surgeon. Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of staged zone II flexor tendon repair using silicone Foley’s catheter as a cheaper and readily available alternative to Hunter’s rod. Settings and Design: This was a prospective study. Materials and Methods: Seventy digits in 35 patients were treated by the staged flexor tendon reconstruction using silicone Foley’s catheter in place of Hunter’s rod, and the patients were followed for an average period of 18 months. Early controlled motion exercise protocol was instituted in all cases. Results: As per the Strickland scale, total active motion obtained was excellent in 70%, good in 20%, fair in 7.1% and poor in 2.9% of patients. Conclusions: Silicone Foley’s catheter is cheaper, easily available and an effective alternative to Hunter’s rod in staged flexor tendon reconstruction procedure, yielding high rates of excellent and good results with fewer complications.
El aprendizaje cooperativo como metodología para estudiar las propiedades mecánicas de los materiales en la Ingeniería Civil
Authors: Porras R. , Arias-Trujillo J.
Published: December 2016

En el presente artículo se muestra una actividad propuesta a los alumnos de primer curso de Ingeniería Civil en la Escuela de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha. Por la orientación del trabajo y la distribución en pequeños grupos (3 alumnos por grupo) se trata de una actividad clasificada dentro de la tipología de Aprendizaje Cooperativo (AC). Dicha actividad consiste en calcular de forma experimental el módulo de elasticidad de una banda elástica de goma, previamente entregada por el profesor.
Los alumnos poseen los conocimientos teóricos necesarios para afrontar dicho experimento, pero no se les ha dado ninguna indicación previa de cómo llevarlo a cabo, así pues deberán dilucidar una metodología de ensayo propia que les lleve hasta la solución del problema. La actividad propuesta, se ha desarrollado durante seis cursos académicos y aunque de carácter voluntario, tiene una gran acogida por parte del alumnado. Los resultados obtenidos atendiendo a criterios como: evaluación, consecución de objetivos, implicación del alumnado, etc. han sido muy satisfactorios.

En este documento, en primer lugar se realiza una presentación del contexto educativo en el que queda inmersa la asignatura y algunas de las características más singulares de la titulación. A continuación se presenta el curriculum de la asignatura y se describe la metodología clásica de enseñanza del concepto de elasticidad para, posteriormente, describir la estrategia docente propuesta. Finalmente se muestran algunas de las soluciones adoptadas por los alumnos para realizar la actividad y se presentan las conclusiones más relevantes.
Estrategias metodológicas activas en la asignatura de “Bases de la Escuela Inclusiva” de la E.U. de Magisterio de Bilbao
Authors: Aróstegui Barandica I. , Darretxe Urrutxi L.
Published: December 2016

La contribución de este artículo es presentar una experiencia innovadora, activa y dialogada de aprendizaje de aula en el marco de la formación inicial del profesorado de segundo curso de magisterio de la UPV/EHU (Bilbao), en la asignatura de Bases de la Escuela Inclusiva. Utilizando diferentes estrategias metodológicas activas, se pretende impulsar la participación activa del alumnado, incorporando diversos ingredientes que pueden favorecer y ayudar a la formación de los y las futuras profesionales.

La asignatura se plantea teniendo como base varios ejes: a) el trabajo colaborativo entre el profesorado universitario que comparte la asignatura, como ingrediente fundamental para favorecer el trabajo colaborativo entre el propio alumnado; b) la sensibilización del alumnado en la necesidad de convertirse en profesionales intelectuales para favorecer y ayudar a la transformación y a la superación de las desigualdades; y c) el trabajo sobre las últimas referencias en investigación educativa y la aplicación de algunas de las actuaciones educativas más transformadoras para experimentar y reflexionar en torno a ellas.

Un proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje que se visibiliza, entre otros aspectos, a través del portfolio grupal como estrategia de aprendizaje y evaluación. En dichos portfolios se recogen las voces de sus participantes y de las que se concluyen algunas reflexiones que pueden ayudar a mejorar la calidad de la formación en el área y su impacto en el futuro.
Cómo comunicar y ser competente: habilidades comunicativas y competencias profesionales y académicas
Authors: Fernández Prado Juan Sebastián
Published: December 2016

Se trata de una recensión
De Tempo e Eternidade à Invenção de Orfeu, Jorge de Lima em busca do tempo original
Authors: Cavalcanti Luciano Dias
Published: December 2016

A crítica atual, em geral, concorda que Tempo e Eternidade é um livro de transição na poética de Jorge de Lima. Nele, é possível perceber alguns elementos característicos da poesia final do poeta alagoano, como, por exemplo, sua preocupação religiosa ligada ao seu processo de criação artística, o adensamento da construção metafórica por meio de imagens complexas, assim como, a concepção da figura do poeta relacionada ao demiurgo. Neste texto, pretendemos estudar Tempo e Eternidade como o ponto de partida da poética de Jorge de Lima para busca de sua ilha utópica, do tempo original.
A pontuação como recurso de estilo no miniconto Fosso do Som de João Gilberto Noll
Authors: Passos Leandro
Published: December 2016

Este artigo propõe-se a analisar e descrever o modo como a pontuação normativa da Língua Portuguesa desconfigura-se no miniconto “Fosso do som”, de João Gilberto Noll, de sua obra Mínimos, Múltiplos, Comuns e, por isso, funciona como recurso de estilo que contribui para a estruturação da trama poética da narrativa. Além disso, tendo em vista o desvio desta regra gramatical em questão, será observada a estrutura sintática do texto que resulta em elipses frasais e da própria estrutura do gênero prosa conforme os formalistas russos.
Nove, Novena e a escrita em O Pássaro Transparente de Osman Lins
Authors: Ribeiro Renata Rocha
Published: December 2016

O presente artigo aborda o lugar do volume de narrativas Nove, novena, publicado em 1966, na trajetória literária do escritor Osman Lins (1924-1978), bem como verifica como o tema da escrita é trabalhado em uma das narrativas que o compõem, intitulada “O pássaro transparente”. Para isso, serão utilizados os pressupostos teórico-críticos de Andrade (1987), Nitrini (1987), Barthes (1987, 2004), Barbosa (1996), Paes (1994), Eco (2008), entre outros. Será observado que, no referido conto, a escrita cotidiana é abordada por intermédio da presença de cartas e do jornal. A escrita literária e a arte visual também se fazem presentes, por meio do tema do poeta frustrado, representado na personagem masculina, e da preparação para uma trajetória artística, representada na personagem feminina.
Tick Size Reduction and the Components of the Bid-Ask Spread on the Taiwan Stock Exchange
Authors: Kuo Su-Wen
Published: December 2016

We examined the effect of reduced tick size on spread and its various components on Taiwan Stock Exchange (TWSE). The TWSE stands for a representative order-driving call mechanism in the emerging market. The noticeable market features of the TWSE render our findings on the effect of tick-size changes useful in combination with those reported in studies on developed markets. Our evidence strongly indicated that the traded spread and the order-processing component declined after tick size was reduced, whereas the asymmetric information component exhibited less significant changes. We documented a relatively high proportion of the order-processing component of the TWSE compared with that observed in developed markets after tick size was reduced. The cross-sectional regression analysis results indicated that stocks with high binding constraints, a high price, and high trading activity generated substantial savings on the order-processing component after tick-size conversion. Our empirical results highlight the important contributions of reduced tick size on market efficiency specifically in an emerging call market setting.
Differentiating Hip Pathology From Lumbar Spine Pathology: Key Points of Evaluation and Management
Authors: Buckland Aaron J. , Miyamoto Ryan , Patel Rakesh D. , Slover James , Razi Afshin E.
Published: December 2016

The diagnosis and treatment of patients who have both hip and lumbar spine pathologies may be a challenge because overlapping symptoms may delay a correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Common complaints of patients who have both hip and lumbar spine pathologies include low back pain with associated buttock, groin, thigh, and, possibly, knee pain. A thorough patient history should be obtained and a complete physical examination should be performed in these patients to identify the primary source of pain. Plain and advanced imaging studies and diagnostic injections can be used to further delineate the primary pathology and guide the appropriate sequence of treatment. Both the surgeon and the patient should understand that, although one pathology is managed, the management of the other pathology may be necessary because of persistent pain. The recognition of both entities may help reduce the likelihood of misdiagnosis, and the management of both entities in the appropriate sequence may help reduce the likelihood of persistent symptoms.
South Asia in the 21st Century: “Catching-Up” yet Overheating
Authors: Lane Jan-Erik
Published: December 2016

Economist Stern (2016) asks now why so little is concretely done against global warming. But consider the huge countries in South Asia and their mighty neighbours. South Asia is poised to become the next set of Asian economic miracles. Yet they face a terrible threat from the environment, as global warming picks up speed together with more and more environmental degradation. Can these more than 2 billion people work and find food and water, if temperature rises more than 2-3 degrees? Can peasants work and survive? And how to generate enough electricity for housing, given increasing water shortages? Without massive financial assistance, there will occur widespread reneging on the COP21 objectives (Goal I-III). The system of UNFCCC with yearly big meetings does not offer an organization that is up to the coordination tasks involved in halting climate change—too much transaction costs. South Asia needs the promised Super Fund badly that Stern anticipated 2007.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Education Studies, Vol. 10, No. 1
Authors: Lee Chris
Published: December 2016

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Education Studies, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2017.
Ichthyofaunal Study in Trans-Himalayan Rakchham-Chhitkul Wildlife Sanctuary in Baspa (Sangla) Valley, District Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Negi Rakesh Kumar , Banyal H. S.
Published: December 2016

The Trans-Himalayan landscape is a high elevation land. The area is characterized by extreme cold, low precipitation and rugged terrain of mountains. Biodiversity is the variety and variability of all forms of life on earth that plays a great role in human existence. This includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems. The exploration of Rakchham-Chhitkul Wildlife Sanctuary present in the Baspa (Sangla) valley situated in remote tribal district of Kinnaur in Himachal Pradesh, formed by the two of world’s greatest mountain ranges namely Great Himalayan range and Dhauladhar ranges in India revealed the presence of 2 species of fish belonging to 2 genera, 1 families and 1 order. It was noticed that both species of fish were exotic species which were introduced in India in early twentieth century from European countries.
Tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting role of Tgf-Beta in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Sridurongrit Somyoth
Published: December 2016

Tgf-Beta is a pleiotropic cytokine with diverse functions on hepatic cells. The well-known function of Tgf-Beta in pathogenesis of liver disease is to stimulate liver fibrosis that often precedes the onset of liver cancer. While Tgf-Beta-mediated fibrosis seems to make liver more prone to the development of liver cancer, Tgf-Beta suppresses initial malignant transformation of hepatic cells thru regulation of proliferation and apoptosis. On the other hand, Tgf-Beta has shown to act as an inducer of tumor development thru enhancement of metastatic process. Additionally, it has been shown that Tgf-Beta signaling in hepatocytes promotes hepatocarcinogenesis caused by certain genetic conditions. This review highlights observations that have improved an understanding of how Tgf-Beta contributes to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Acicular Ferrite Formation and Its Influencing Factors-A Review
Authors: Loder Denise , Michelic Susanne K. , Bernhard Christian
Published: December 2016

Acicular ferrite is a microstructure nucleating intergranularly on non-metallic inclusions and forming an arrangement of fine, interlocking grains. This structure is known to improve steel properties, especially steel toughness, essentially. The formation of acicular ferrite is mainly affected by steel composition, cooling rate, inclusion landscape and austenite grain size. In recent decades, extensive research has been conducted to investigate these factors. The present paper provides an overview of the impact of published results and the state of knowledge regarding acicular ferrite formation. Special attention is paid to the effect of carbon, manganese and titanium addition to steel, as well as the optimum size, number and composition of non-metallic inclusions. In addition, the reactions during the nucleation and growth of acicular ferrite needles are briefly addressed. Further, characteristics of acicular ferrite and bainite are summarized, which should help to distinguish these similar structures.