bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of breast magnetic resonance imaging in axillary nodal staging in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients
Authors: Chayakulkheeree Jatuporn , Pungrassami Dirapit , Prueksadee Jenjeera
Published: December 2019

Purpose

To determine the diagnostic value of breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting axillary metastatic node in newly diagnosed breast cancer, we assessed the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of breast MRI.

Material and methods

Data were collected retrospectively from January 2011 to December 2018. Preoperative breast MRI of women with newly diagnosed breast cancer were reviewed to evaluate the axillary nodal staging by using the morphological characteristic of metastatic axillary lymph node. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the performance of breast MRI in diagnosing metastatic axillary lymph nodes based on the pathological result.

Results

A total of 131 women with breast cancer were analysed. Two hundred and twenty-seven axillary lymph nodes from preoperative breast MRIs were considered to be metastasis. 65.65% (86 patients) of the breast MRI results matched with the pathological results: 37 patients with N0 stage, 39 patients with N1 stage, eight patients with N2 stage, and two patients with N3 stage. Sensitivity of breast MRI for axillary nodal staging was 98.5% (95% CI: 92-100%), and the negative predictive value was 96.4% (86.2-99.9%). Specificity of breast MRI for axillary nodal staging was 57.8% (44.8-70.1%) and the positive predictive value was 71% (60.6-79.9%).

Conclusions

Our study showed that the breast MRI had a high sensitivity (98.5%) and high NPV (96.4%) in detecting metastatic axillary lymph nodes, but its specificity was only fair (57.8%). Overestimation and underestimation of the MRI in N staging were also found in 20.61% and 12.98% of cases, respectively.
Predominance of secondary organic aerosol to particle-bound reactive oxygen species activity in fine ambient aerosol
Authors: Zhou Jun , Elser Miriam , Huang Ru-Jin , Krapf Manuel , Fröhlich Roman , Bhattu Deepika , Stefenelli Giulia , Zotter Peter , Bruns Emily A. , Pieber Simone M. , Ni Haiyan , Wang Qiyuan , Wang Yichen , Zhou Yaqing , Chen Chunying , Xiao Mao , Slowik Jay G. , Brown Samuel , Cassagnes Laure-Estelle , Daellenbach Kaspar R. , Nussbaumer Thomas , Geiser Marianne , Prévôt André S. H. , El-Haddad Imad , Cao Junji , Baltensperger Urs , Dommen Josef
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are believed to contribute
to the adverse health effects of aerosols. This may happen by inhaled
particle-bound (exogenic) ROS (PB-ROS) or by ROS formed within the
respiratory tract by certain aerosol components (endogenic ROS). We
investigated the chemical composition of aerosols and their exogenic ROS
content at the two contrasting locations Beijing (China) and Bern
(Switzerland). We apportioned the ambient organic aerosol to different
sources and attributed the observed water-soluble PB-ROS to them. The
oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA, a proxy for secondary organic aerosol, SOA)
explained the highest fraction of the exogenic ROS concentration variance at
both locations. We also characterized primary and secondary aerosol
emissions generated from different biogenic and anthropogenic sources in
smog chamber experiments. The exogenic PB-ROS content in the OOA from these
emission sources was comparable to that in the ambient measurements. Our
results imply that SOA from gaseous precursors of different anthropogenic
emission sources is a crucial source of water-soluble PB-ROS and should be
additionally considered in toxicological and epidemiological studies in an
adequate way besides primary emissions. The importance of PB-ROS may be
connected to the seasonal trends in health effects of PM reported by
epidemiological studies, with elevated incidences of adverse effects in
warmer seasons, which are accompanied by more-intense atmospheric oxidation
processes.
Authigenic formation of Ca-Mg carbonates in the shallow alkaline Lake Neusiedl, Austria
Authors: Fussmann Dario , von Hoyningen-Huene Avril Jean Elisabeth , Reimer Andreas , Schneider Dominik , Babková Hana , Peticzka Robert , Maier Andreas , Arp Gernot , Daniel Rolf , Meister Patrick
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Despite advances regarding the microbial and organic-molecular impact on nucleation, the formation of dolomite in sedimentary environments is still incompletely understood. Since 1960, apparent dolomite formation has been reported from mud sediments of the shallow, oligohaline and alkaline Lake Neusiedl, Austria. To trace potential dolomite formation or diagenetic alteration processes in its deposits, lake water samples and sediment cores were analyzed with respect to sediment composition, hydrochemistry and bacterial community composition. Sediments comprise 20 cm of homogenous mud with 60 wt % carbonate, which overlie dark-laminated consolidated mud containing 50 wt % carbonate and plant debris. Hydrochemical measurements reveal a shift from oxic lake water with pH 9.0 to anoxic sediment pore water with pH 7.5. A decrease in SO42− with a concomitant increase of ΣH2S and NH4+ from 0–15 cm core depth, indicates anaerobic heterotrophic decomposition, including sulfate reduction. The bacterial community composition reflects the zonation indicated by the pore water chemistry, with a distinct increase of fermentative taxa below 15 cm core depth. The water column is highly supersaturated with respect to (disordered) dolomite and calcite, whereas saturation indices of both minerals rapidly approach zero in the sediment. Notably, the relative proportions of different authigenic carbonate phases and their stoichiometric compositions remain constant with increasing core depth. Hence, evidence for Ca-Mg carbonate formation or ripening to dolomite is lacking within the sediment of Lake Neusiedl. As a consequence, precipitation of high-magnesium-calcite (HMC) and very-high-magnesium-calcite (VHMC) does not occur in association with anoxic sediment and sulfate reducing conditions. Instead, analytical data for Lake Neusiedl suggest that authigenic HMC and VHMC precipitate from the supersaturated, well-mixed aerobic water column. This observation supports an alternative concept to dolomite formation in anoxic sediments, comprising Ca-Mg carbonate precipitation in the water column under aerobic and alkaline conditions.
IMPROVEMENT AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A SYSTEM FOR MONITORING ROTATIONS AND DISPLACEMENTS OF BRIDGES BASED ON LASER POINTER AND DIGITAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors: Artese G.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. A system for monitoring rotations and displacements of bridges based on laser pointer and digital photogrammetry is described. The system uses three common laser pointers and image processing. The inclination of the elastic line is measured by analysing the individual frames of an HD video of the laser beam footprint projected onto a flat target. The methodology, able to conjugate a high precision, low cost, and easiness of use, is an evolution of a method developed at University of Calabria, Italy. The use of three laser pointers allows to improve the performance of the previous method, obtaining both displacements and rotations at a generic point of the bridge deck, and deriving the transverse rotation of the deck cross section. The investigated method exploits the laser pointers’ property to provide a steady pointing direction, a long-range and a high-brightness visible imprint. The method and the results of an experimental test are described and discussed.
CRACK WIDTH MEASUREMENT FOR NON-PLANAR SURFACES BY TRIANGLE MESH ANALYSIS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING MATERIAL TESTING
Authors: Liebold F. , Maas H.-G. , Heravi A. A.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. This publication concentrates on the photogrammetric crack width measurement of crack patterns of concrete probes under impact loading in high-speed stereo image sequences. The presented algorithm works for non-planar specimens with deformations that only appear tangential to the surface and the method is based on triangle mesh analysis. Experiments were conducted with cylindrical specimens with an impact load affecting parallel to the main axis of the cylinder.
INCREASING TRACKING ROBUSTNESS FOR LOW-COMPLEXITY REAL-TIME RECONSTRUCTIONS WITH HANDHELD OPTICAL SCANNERS
Authors: Lombardi M. , Riccardi A. , Signoroni A.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. By offering fast and flexible solutions to create 3D models, handheld scanners are currently under the focus of many research activities in various 3D data processing fields. The real-time constraint is still challenging to achieve especially when it comes with concurrent needs, such as level of accuracy in the data acquisition, easiness of recovering from scanning interruptions or loop closure abilities... Among them, object/scene tracking quality is one of the most critical. In this work, we describe two issues that affects its performance, focusing on the robustness of the process. Specifically, we encounter such issues at to two different steps while moving through the working pipeline of a prototype handheld scanner, i.e. (1) the data pre-processing before running a pairwise alignment between a frame and the model representation, called key-frame, and (2) the temporal and quality criteria that govern key-frame updates. Our approach simply consists in substituting the use of a rigid (uniform) pattern for sampling, with a random distribution of points. We then implement an adaptive statistical method to select suitable timing steps for key-frames refreshing, comparing this solution with a previous static one based on regular updating rate. We run experiments on a dataset created with our own scanner and we show that the adoption of such alternatives reduce the number of tracking failures, consequently increasing the robustness of the system, improving the quality of the alignments and preserving the real-time behavior of the device.
THEORETICAL ACCURACY PREDICTION AND VALIDATION OF LOW-END AND HIGH-END MOBILE MAPPING SYSTEM IN URBAN, RESIDENTIAL AND RURAL AREAS
Authors: Mattheuwsen L. , Bassier M. , Vergauwen M.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Mobile mapping systems are increasingly being used for the acquisition of 3D information of the environment. Although these systems are very efficient in data capturing compared to more traditional methods, the high cost of high-end accurate mobile mapping systems is a major drawback. In contrast, the much cheaper low-end mobile mapping systems are more frequently used for less accurate projects where visualization is more important. In general, the achievable accuracy level is the driving factor that differentiates low-end from high-end systems. To determine this value, the sensor quality, calibration and GNSS reception quality should be reliably evaluated.In this paper, we present a theoretical accuracy model of a mobile mapping system that takes into account variable GNSS accuracy. The predicted accuracy level of low-end and high-end mobile mapping systems is evaluated in a comprehensive accuracy analysis. The absolute accuracy of the system is determined in three datasets in which GNSS reception quality varies between optimal, good and poor. Additionally, the relative accuracy of both systems is checked by comparison of control distances. The presented approach allows for a more general and robust accuracy prediction of mobile mapping systems in different circumstances.
EVALUATING THE ACCURACY OF 3D OBJECT RECONSTRUCTION FROM THERMAL IMAGES
Authors: Mizginov V. A. , Kniaz V. V.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Thermal cameras are increasingly used in many photogrammetric and computer vision tasks. Nowadays it is possible to detect and recognize objects in infrared images, to solve such tasks as pedestrian detection (Huckridge et al., 2016), security applications, and autonomous driving (Wenbin, Li et al., 2017). Nevertheless, some tasks that are easily solved in the visible range data are still challenging to achieve in the infrared range. Reconstruction of a 3D object model from infrared images is challenging due to the low contrast of the original infrared image, noise of the sensor, and the absence of feature points on the image. Nevertheless, thermal cameras have their advantages, which make them popular for solving practical problems. Firstly, thermal cameras can be used in degraded environments (smoke, fog, precipitation, low light conditions). Secondly, infrared images can be fused with color images (Gao et al., 2013) to increases the system’s performance.This paper is focused on the evaluation of accuracy of 3D object reconstruction from thermal images. The evaluation of the accuracy is threefold. Firstly, we train four stereo matching methods (CAE, LF-Net, SURF, and SIFT) on the MVSIR dataset (Knyaz et al., 2017) and our new ThermalPatches dataset. We used two RTX 2080 Ti GPUs and the PyTorch library for the training. Secondly, we evaluate the matching score for the selected methods. Finally, we perform 3D object reconstruction using the SfM (Remondino et al., 2014) approach and matches for each method. We compare the object space accuracy of the resulting surfaces to the ground-truth 3D models generated with a structured light 3D scanner.
SCOUT3D – AN UNDERWATER LASER SCANNING SYSTEM FOR MOBILE MAPPING
Authors: Bleier M. , van der Lucht J. , Nüchter A.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. This paper presents an underwater laser scanning system and GNSS based trajectory estimation system for scanning from a surface vessle in shallow water. The system has an above-the-water and an underwater component. Above-the-water two low-cost multiband GNSS receivers with an antenna baseline of one meter are used for RTK positioning with heading. The full 6-DOF is estimated by fusing the satellite navigation data with a MEMS-based INS. The 3D data is captured in water using a structured light scanner consisting of a low-light underwater camera and a green cross line laser projector. We describe the development of the system and employed hardware components. We show results of scanning a large test object in a water tank acquired by from a tripod with a motorized yaw axis. Additionally, we demonstrate first results of mobile mapping from a floating platform. We evaluate the performance of the system by measuring the 6-DOF trajectory with an external optical tracking system. Additionally, we assess the quality of the created point cloud using reference objects placed in the scene.
SHINING 3D EINSCAN-PRO, APPLICATION AND VALIDATION IN THE FIELD OF CULTURAL HERITAGE, FROM THE CHILLIDA-LEKU MUSEUM TO THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM OF SARNO
Authors: Morena S. , Barba S. , Álvaro-Tordesillas A.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The following contribution focuses on the low-cost Shining 3D EinScan-Pro scanner, above all the analysis of its precision and accuracy. The need to prove the functioning of this instrumentation in practical cases (the sculptures by Eduardo Chillida preserved in the Chillida-Leku Museum and along with some artefacts collected in the Archaeological Museum of Sarno), has led to the comparison and validation of the instrument through a methodology necessarily diversified from the guideline VDI/VDE 2634, part 2 and part 3, characteristics to the test the optical 3D measuring systems with planar measurement, which works according to the triangulation principle. In particular, two types of comparisons were made: geometric-formal and metric-dimensional. The first type of analysis was carried out analysing the geometric parameters of the models, suitable for validating the information: dimensional (difference between some main measurements); superficial (total mesh extension) and of the form (that is, the discrepancies returned through a DEM analysis). The second type of analysis, instead, of the metric type, was carried out. The complete results of the various analyses will be presented and critically discussed within this contribution in order to prove the stability and the metric quality of this hand-held EinScan-Pro, following the comparison with medium-high end systems now well established in the field of cultural heritage survey.
MEASUREMENT OF FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION OF WIND TURBINES IN WIND TUNNEL EXPERIMENTS: CONCEPT AND FIRST RESULTS
Authors: Nietiedt S. , Goering M. , Willemsen T. , Wester T. T. B. , Kröger L. , Guelker G. , Luhmann T.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Fluid-structure interactions are crucial for the design of rotor blades of wind power systems. Up to now, the mutual interactions between rotor blades and turbulent wind flows have been treated by complex simulations or were observed at individual discrete points. In this paper, a measurement concept is presented where spatial information of the motion/deformation of a rotating wind turbine as well as the wind flow are recorded in wind tunnel experiments. Wind flow and motion behaviour are recorded simultaneously and contactless. Techniques from the field of photogrammetry and flow measurement techniques are combined, resulting in high demands on the measurement concept. Furthermore, solutions for the realisation of a common coordinate system as well as for the synchronisation of both measuring systems are presented. In addition, the validation of the entire measurement concept is carried out based on of some wind tunnel tests in which a single rotor blade is used for the moment. This showed that the measurement concept and the proposed solutions for the simultaneous recording of wind flows and rotor blade movements are suitable in principle and that movements can be recorded and reconstructed with high accuracy.
MULTI-SCALAR SURVEYS FOR COMPLEX ARCHITECTURES
Authors: Palomba D. , Campi M. , Cirillo V. , di Luggo A. , Facchini M. , Iaderosa R. , Iovane D. , Zerlenga O.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. This study is part of a much wider project in which professors and researchers from the University of Naples Federico II and the University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli are collaborating in different subject areas. The object of study is the ancient Sanctuary of Montevergine characterized by a long history of transformations and stratifications. Driven by the desire to fill a singular gap, linked to the lack of a systematic and comprehensive study of a complex whose first settlement dates back to the early 12th century, various studies have been started relating to the historical, artistic and architectural aspects.Various surveying techniques and methods had to be used due to its architectural, compositional and settlement characteristics. Integrated 3D surveying technologies were used for both the cognitive studies of the entire complex as well as for investigating and detecting the elements at different scales, ranging from the architectural to the detailed ones.
INVESTIGATING THE USABILITY OF UAV OBTAINED MULTISPECTRAL IMAGERY IN TREE SPECIES SEGMENTATION
Authors: Pap M. , Kiraly S. , Moljak S.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. A widely used form of renewable energy are bioenergy crops. One form of it is the energy forestry that includes short rotation coppice plantations in which fast growing species of tree or woody shrub are grown (e.g. poplar, willow). The accurate prediction of forest biomass and volume can be used for the evaluation of plant breeding efficiency as well. The automatic tracking of plant development by traditional methods is quite difficult and labor intensive. Since energy forestries often contain different trees for estimating their volume it is essential to find segments containing the same tree species in the image.We investigated the applicability of a low cost UAV and an intermediate cost UAV in the field of agricultural image segmentation that is the first stage of biomass estimation (Gatziolis et al., 2015, Gaulton et al., 2015).This paper is a case study that shows the results of several segmentation algorithms applied on imagery obtained by a low cost UAV with low-cost camera, and imagery gathered by a UAV and camera set that are of higher quality and price. In the case study, we have observed two small forestry areas that contained six different tree species and their hybrids. Our results show that more expensive, better-equipped drone shots do not necessary provide significantly better segmentation.
A FEASIBILITY STUDY ON INCREMENTAL BUNDLE ADJUSTMENT WITH FISHEYE IMAGES AND LOW-COST SENSORS
Authors: Tommaselli A. M. G. , Campos M. B. , Castanheiro L. F. , Honkavaara E.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Low cost imaging and positioning sensors are opening new frontiers for applications in near real-time Photogrammetry. Omnidirectional cameras acquiring images with 360° coverage, when combined with information coming from GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) and IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), can efficiently estimate orientation and object space structure. However, several challenges remain in the use of low-cost sensors and image observations acquired by sensors with non-perspective inner geometry. The accuracy of the measurement using low-cost sensors is affected by different sources of errors and sensor stability. Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) present a large gap between predicted and actual accuracy. This work presents a study on the performance of an integrated sensor orientation approach to estimate sensor orientation and 3D sparse point cloud, using an incremental bundle adjustment strategy and data coming from a low-cost portable mobile terrestrial system composed by off-theshelf navigation systems and a poly-dioptric system (Ricoh Theta S). Experiments were performed in an outdoor area (sidewalk), achieving a trajectory positional accuracy of 0.33 m and a meter level 3D reconstruction.
RESEARCH OF THE CAMERA CALIBRATION USING SERIES OF IMAGES WITH COMMON CENTER OF PROJECTION
Authors: Chibunichev A. G. , Govorov A. V. , Chernyshev V. E.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The method for calibration of cameras equipped with long focal distance lens is researched in the present work. The basic idea is as follows. The camera to be calibrated is placed on the tripod with panoramic head. The main condition of panorama shooting is that the rotation center of the camera and the front nodal point of the lens should be the same. The camera is calibrated based on a series of images of a test object with a common center of projection. Special software has been created for this purpose. The results of experimental studies on digital simulated data and for a real camera Hasselblad H4D-60 are presented. Results of these experiments show that use of common projection center allow to increase accuracy of the calibration process of the long focal length cameras.
GEOMATIC TECHNIQUES FOR MONITORING AND VERIFYING OF THE WEAR CONDITION OF THE RUNWAYS OF THE BRIDGE CRANES
Authors: Costantino D. , Pepe M. , Alfio V. , Carrieri M.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Monitoring and diagnostics of the lifting systems in the field of rail transport play a fundamental role in order to enable it to function safely providing any deviations from the expected behaviour of the regular conditions. The transit of heavy convoys naturally tends to worsen the geometrical position and, of consequence, it is necessary to identify some monitoring techniques that allow to establish the maintenance of infrastructure in accordance with the standards UNI ISO 9927-1 and in according to ISO 12488-1 must be verify the tolerance for wheels and travel and traversing tracks; for a crane runway these are for example the span, the position and height of the rails.. Especially the ground infrastructure related to the bridge crane requires periodic checks. The purpose of this paper is to identify suitable geomatics techniques for monitoring of the runways of the bridge cranes. To achieve this aim, the paper is divided in more sections. In the first part, the paper describes the area involved in the monitoring and standards in the field of monitoring the wear of the rails. In the second part, the paper describes the criteria and regulations for checking the wear of the bridge cranes using several geomatics techniques, tool and software.
BUDDHIST STELE OF SWAT VALLEY: POINT CLOUD ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
Authors: Faresin E. , Salemi G.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. With recent advancements on 3D sensors and cloud computing, high-speed, high-accuracy 3D measurement at micrometer level have been increase by scientists community and digital humanities researchers.The methodology proposed in this project aims to test some of the algorithms used in remote-sensing to the Buddhist sculptures from Swat Valley (Pakistan); these algorithms use high-resolution topographic data to identify, from DEMs, specific features like valleys, ridges, peaks, pits or surface anomalies.In the carved stone, the surface is analysed like a landscape, where carved areas are valleys bordered by slopes and crests. One of the simplest tools, the commonly used analytical hill-shading, which simulates artificial illumination on the DEM surface, is based on the same principle as the use of an oblique light source to highlight incisions in classic photography. Other families of algorithms that can be divided into three main groups (Slope and Curvature, Local Relief Model and Sky View Factor, Positive and Negative Openness and Geomorphons) are tested here.
SCANNING TUNNELS WITH TWO VERY HIGH-RESOLUTION LASER DEVICES AND A STACKER
Authors: Foucher P. , Charbonnier P. , Noël T. , Fosse Y. , Hébert J.-F.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. In this paper, we analyse the potentialities of the LCMS (Laser Crack Measurement System) sensors for tunnel inspection. Two of these sensors have been integrated into a flexible prototype developed by Cerema, allowing data from the entire tunnel to be recorded dynamically in a few passes. Thanks to this system, we were able to acquire, in a limited time, range and intensity images of the complete vaults of four tunnel tubes, with high spatial resolution, during experimental campaigns. We present image processing methods to take advantage of this type of image. These approaches initially involve improving data visualization and reconstructing a local 3D model. We propose some preliminary approaches to correct the distance image in order to better highlight local variations in depth. These data are currently being deployed for learning neural networks for defect detection.
DEVELOPMENT OF MULTI-VIEW STEREO CONSIDERING ACCURACY OF EXTERIOR ORIENTATION ELEMENTS
Authors: Fuse T. , Ikezawa H.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Structure from motion (SfM) has been widely used to achieve automatic 3D reconstructions. However, as the 3D point clouds obtained via SfM are sparse, multi-view stereo (MVS) was developed to compensate for this sparseness. The accuracy of the 3D surface depends on the accuracy of the orientation elements based on the SfM. Additionally, in the case of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), SfM exhibits a decrease in the accuracy of the orientation elements during complex camera movements. This paper proposes a patch-based MVS (PMVS) method considering the accuracy of the orientation elements. The proposed method involves applying the global SfM, estimating accuracy of exterior orientation (EO) elements, and introducing the accuracy of EO elements to PMVS. The PMVS approximates an object surface by using small rectangular patches, namely local tangent plane approximation. The patches are optimized by minimizing the sum of the photometric discrepancy scores. The accuracy of the EO elements is introduced to the patch optimization as weighting function. This accuracy is defined using the variances of the estimated parameters in the bundle adjustment. We also investigate the types of weighting functions. The results indicate that the proposed method is capable of considering geometric conditions during patch estimation. The proposed method was applied to the three types of image datasets, i.e., images captured using an SLR camera at ground level, images captured using a UAV equipped with a SLR camera, and images captured using an airplane equipped with an oblique camera. Through the experimental results, the improved accuracy and the effectiveness of the proposed method were confirmed.
3D IMAGES FOR AUTOMATED DIGITAL ODONTOMETRY
Authors: Gaboutchian A. V. , Knyaz V. A.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Improvements of existing and development of new non-contact measurement techniques, especially for surfaces of complex spatial shape, allow involvement of various disciplines into advanced technological reality. These improvements have two major directions. The first, being more obvious, refers to introduction of accurate digital 3D images in spheres where real objects have become subjects of traditional study, techniques or manufacturing technologies. The other direction deals with substantial methodological improvements, as they become possible only with introduction of the above-mentioned techniques. Among such is the division of physical anthropology, of dentistry and other disciplines related to dental studies, – odontometry, or measurements of teeth. Traditional odontometry, by turning into automated digital odontometry, becomes a method of accurate and objective morphological assessments in dentistry and anthropology, including palaeoanthropology. As a new method, automated digital odontometry requires interpretations of dental morphology (applicable in digital techniques), accurate 3D images of teeth and software based on 3D and 2D image analysis suitable for automated measurements. The mentioned factors are particularly important for this method due to its inapplicability on real objects. Thus various approaches to obtaining digital images are discussed in the context of their quality and conformity with the studied material and odontometric technique, which currently includes automated orientation algorithms setting locations for principal morphological structures and measurement algorithms themselves, likewise functioning in an automated mode.
CAMERA CALIBRATION USING MULTIPLE UNORDERED COPLANAR CHESSBOARDS
Authors: Grammatikopoulos L. , Adam K. , Petsa E. , Karras G.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The now widely available and highly popular among non-expert users, particularly in the context of UAV photogrammetry, Structure-from-Motion (SfM) pipelines have also further renewed the interest in the issue of automatic camera calibration. The well-documented requirements for robust self-calibration cannot be always met, e.g. due to restrictions in time and cost, absence of ground control and image tilt, terrain morphology, unsuitable flight configuration etc.; hence, camera pre-calibration is frequently recommended. In this context, users often resort to flexible, user-friendly tools for camera calibration based on 2D coded patterns (primarily ordinary chessboards). Yet, the physical size of such patterns poses obvious limitations. This paper discusses the alternative of extending the size of the calibration object by using multiple unordered coplanar chessboards, which might accommodate much larger imaging distances. This is done initially by a detailed simulation to show that – in terms of geometry – this could be a viable alternative to single patterns. A first algorithmic implementation is then laid out, and results from real multi-pattern configurations, both ordered and unordered, are successfully compared. However, aspects of the proposed approach need to be further studied for its reliable practical employment.
DEVELOPMENT OF A MULTI CAMERA CALIBRATION FOR AN ANALYSIS AND MANIPULATION SYSTEM OF BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES IN PETRI DISHES
Authors: Hardner M. , Schneider D.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Cameras can provide accurate 3D positioning for a robotic system. Calibration of interior orientation as well as the relative orientation when using multiple cameras is a necessary step. Integration of the automatic calibration process into the robot system is useful to provide a simple system for the user. The paper presents a method for calibrating a multi camera system using the open source Ceres solver and compares it to a commercial software. The motivation is a measurement system for laboratory automation where biological samples in Petri dishes will be manipulated with different tools. For this application we will examine the camera setup, show first results of the calibration and the possible accuracy. Lastly we will draw conclusions for the final system prototype and necessary improvements to be implemented in order to provide accurate measurements.
TIE POINT GENERATION IN HYPERSPECTRAL CUBES FOR ORIENTATION WITH POLYNOMIAL MODELS
Authors: Berveglieri A. , Tommaselli A. M. G. , Santos L. D.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. This paper presents a technique for tie point generation in hyperspectral images collected by a camera with time-sequential principle for band acquisition (i.e., non-synchronized bands). In mobile applications, each band is acquired at a different time, which generates different camera positions and attitude angles. Due to the large number of bands, a bundle adjustment with polynomial models can be applied to sample bands and then, EOP of other bands are interpolated. The determination of homologue points in all sample bands is required to ensure geometric robustness. A procedure was developed to extract tie points from a reference band which were then transferred to the other sample bands. The technique uses a Helmert geometric transformation combined with majority voting to estimate point transfer functions, followed by area-based matching. Experiments with image orientation were conducted to apply and assess the technique. The tests showed an increase in height discrepancy when tie points are not located in all sample bands highlighting the relevance of the proposed filtering. The accuracy of the technique achieved less than 1 GSD in planimetry and 2 GSD in altimetry using the tie points with the maximum number of rays. Thus, the polynomial approach enables interpolation of other bands according to the parameters of the polynomial function.
RESULTS OF RESEARCHES ON PHOTOGRAMMETRIC CALIBRATION OF THE SONY CYBER-SHOT DSC-RX1RM2 CAMERA
Authors: Kadnichansky S. A. , Kurkov M. B. , Kurkov V. M. , Chibunichev A. G. , Trubina L. K.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Results of researches of calibration of the SONY CYBER-SHOT DSC-RX1RM2 camera on the basis of the test field aerial survey are given in article. Researches showed that calibration using aerial survey of a calibration test field provides reliable result with a required accuracy. Recommendations about execution of aerial survey and about creation of an operational test field for photogrammetric calibration of the camera before execution of the specific project are made. When aerial survey is carried out with GNSS determination of coordinates of the perspective centers of aerial photos with RMS of coordinates no more than 0.08 m it is possible to use the self-calibration mode for photogrammetric network block adjustment without ground control points. At the same time accuracy of the end result of photogrammetric processing commensurable with an accuracy, achieved with ground control points, is provided.
JOINT GEOMETRIC CALIBRATION OF COLOR AND THERMAL CAMERAS FOR SYNCHRONIZED MULTIMODAL DATASET CREATING
Authors: Knyaz V. A. , Moshkantsev P. V.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. With increasing performance and availability of thermal cameras the number of applications using them in various purposes grows noticeable. Nowadays thermal vision is widely used in industrial control and monitoring, thermal mapping of industrial areas, surveillance and robotics which output huge amount of thermal images. This circumstance creates the necessary basis for applying deep learning which demonstrates the state-of-the-art performance for the most complicated computer vision tasks. Using different modalities for scene analysis allows to outperform results of mono-modal processing, but in case of machine learning it requires synchronized annotated multimodal dataset. The prerequisite condition for such dataset creating is geometric calibration of sensors used for image acquisition. So the purpose of the performed study was to develop a technique for joint calibration of color and long wave infra-red cameras which are to be used for collecting multimodal dataset needed for the tasks of computer vision algorithms developing and evaluating.The paper presents the techniques for camera parameters estimation and experimental evaluation of interior orientation of color and long wave infra-red cameras for further exploiting in datasets collecting. Also the results of geometrically calibrated camera exploiting for 3D reconstruction and 3D model realistic texturing based on visible and thermal imagery are presented. They proved the effectivity of the developed techniques for collecting and augmenting synchronized multimodal imagery dataset for convolutional neural networks model training and evaluating.
3D MODELLING OF THE MAMARI TABLET FROM THE RONGORONGO CORPUS: ACQUISITION, PROCESSING ISSUES, AND OUTCOMES
Authors: Lastilla L. , Ravanelli R. , Valério M. , Ferrara S.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Rongorongo is an undeciphered script inscribed on wooden objects from Easter Island (Rapa Nui) in the Pacific Ocean. The existing editions of the inscriptions, and their widespread locations in museums and archives all over the world today constitute a serious obstacle to any objective paleographical assessment. Thus, with a view to a potential decipherment, creating 3D models of the available corpus is of crucial importance, and one of the objectives of the ERC INSCRIBE project, based at the University of Bologna with Professor S. Ferrara as Principal Investigator. In this preliminary work, we present the results of the 3D digitization of the Mamari tablet, one of the longest inscriptions in Rongorongo, housed in the Museum Archives of the Congregazione dei Sacri Cuori di Ges`u e Maria in Rome. The tablet is made of wood, with a shiny reflecting surface, characterized by a mainly dark texture. The 3D modelling was carried out with the ScanRider 1.2 laser scanner manufactured by VGER, based on Structured Light technology, taking care to ensure the legibility of each sign while preserving the overall shape of the object as precisely as possible. To overcome the difficulties inherent in the object’s complex fabric, the Mamari tablet was acquired in separate sections (joined together during processing through specific markers), thus managing to optimize the optical parameters of the laser scanner, such as the exposure of the camera and the depth of field of the projector. Furthermore, an evaluation of the 3D reconstruction precision was also carried out, highlighting a precision of few hundredths of millimeters, in agreement with the claimed nominal standard deviation. In addition to the 3D model produced, one of the main results of this endeavor was the definition of a successful method to scan such complex objects, which will be replicated to finalize the complete 3D modelling of the whole Rongorongo corpus of inscriptions.
SINGLE PHOTON LIDAR IN MOBILE LASER SCANNING: THE SAMPLING RATE PROBLEM AND INITIAL SOLUTIONS VIA SPATIAL CORRELATIONS
Authors: Lehtola V. V. , Hyyti H. , Keränen P. , Kostamovaara J.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Single photon lidars (in solid state form) offer several benefits over pulsed lidars, such as independence of micro-mechanical moving parts or rotating joints, lower power consumption, faster acquisition rate, and reduced size. When mass produced, they will be cheaper and smaller and thus very attractive for mobile laser scanning applications. However, as these lidars operate by receiving single photons, they are very susceptible to background illumination such as sunlight. In other words, the observations contain a significant amount of noise, or to be specific, outliers. This causes trouble for measurements done in motion, as the sampling rate (i.e. the measurement frequency) should be low and high at the same time. It should be low enough so that target detection is robust, meaning that the targets can be distinguished from the single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) triggings caused by the background photons. On the other hand, the sampling rate should be high enough to allow for measurements to be done from motion. Quick sampling reduces the probability that a sample gathered during motion would contain data from more than a single target at a specific range. Here, we study the exploitation of spatial correlations that exist between the observations as a mean to overcome this sampling rate paradox. We propose computational methods for short and long range. Our results indicate that the spatial correlations do indeed allow for faster and more robust sampling of measurements, which makes single photon lidars more attractive in (daylight) mobile laser scanning.
INVESTIGATION INTO THE BEHAVIOUR AND MODELLING OF CHROMATIC ABERRATIONS IN NON-METRIC DIGITAL CAMERAS
Authors: Lichti D. D. , Jarron D. , Shahbazi M. , Helmholz P. , Radovanovic R.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Chromatic aberration in colour digital camera imagery can affect the accuracy of photogrammetric reconstruction. Both longitudinal and transverse chromatic aberrations can be effectively modelled by making separate measurements in each of the blue, green and red colour bands and performing a specialized self-calibrating bundle adjustment. This paper presents the results of an investigation with two aims. The first aim is to quantify the presence of chromatic aberration in two sets of cameras: the six individual cameras comprising a Ladybug5 system, calibrated simultaneously in air; and four GoPro Hero 5 cameras calibrated independently under water. The second aim is to investigate the impacts of imposing different constraints in the self-calibration adjustment. To this end, four different adjustment cases were performed for all ten cameras: independent adjustment of the observations from each colour band; combined adjustment of all colour bands’ observations with common object points; combined adjustment of all colour bands with common object points and common exterior orientation parameters for each colour band triplet; and combined adjustment with common object points and certain common interior orientation parameters. The results show that the Ladybug5 cameras exhibit a small (1-2 pixel) amount of transverse chromatic aberration but no longitudinal chromatic aberration. The GoPro Hero 5 cameras exhibit significant (25 pixel) transverse chromatic aberration as well as longitudinal chromatic aberration. The principal distance was essentially independent of the adjustment case for the Ladybug5, but it was not for the GoPro Hero 5. The principal point position and precision were both affected considerably by adjustment case. Radial lens distortion was invariant to the adjustment case. The impact of adjustment case on decentring distortion was minimal in both cases.
A adoção de Online Product Recommendations (OPRS) e a decisão de compra em social commerce
Authors: Bender Carolina Schneider , Löbler Mauri Leodir , Dos Reis Lehnhart Eliete , Dutra Tagliapietra Rafaela
Published: December 2019

As OPRs vêm ganhando espaço nos estudos de Sistema de Informação e Marketing, pois auxiliam os consumidores no processamento de informações e na preferência por atributos (LIU; KARAHANNA, 2017), na redução da incerteza (WANG et al., 2016; XU; YAO, 2015; ZHANG et al, 2014) e na busca por suprir as limitações do e-commerce (BAEK et al., 2015). Considerando a importância das OPRs no processo decisório, a escassez de pesquisas que abordam a temática e de instrumentos de pesquisa relacionados a temática no contexto nacional, este estudo teve como objetivo aplicar um instrumento de medição de adoção de OPRs pelos consumidores, proposto por Xu e Yao (2015), verificando sua adaptabilidade ao contexto brasileiro. Dessa forma, esta pesquisa caracteriza-se de natureza descritiva, baseada no método de pesquisa survey. O questionário, após tradução e pré-teste, foi aplicado a 149 indivíduos. Como técnica estatística foi usada a análise fatorial exploratória, onde identificou-se quatro fatores com carga fatorial e confiabilidade interna adequadas, com 15 questões. A utilização de instrumentos de medição da adoção de recomendações de produtos online torna-se relevante na pesquisa que envolva a compreensão dos preditores ligados a características da mensagem e do ambiente de informação na adoção de OPRs
GRUPO DE ESTUDO E APOIO DIDÁTICO COMO FORMA DE INCENTIVO A PRÁTICA DOCENTE EM ANATOMIA HUMANA
Authors: Olegário Raphael Lopes , Strini Polyanne Junqueira Silva Andresen , Strini Paulinne Junqueira Silva Andresen
Published: December 2019

As atividades de extensão universitária constituem caminhos relevantes para permitir a formação acadêmica completa do estudante, integrando teoria e prática em uma relação bilateral com a sociedade, permitindo o diálogo e aprendizado mútuo entre ambos. O objetivo da presente ação de extensão foi realizar encontros semanais da comunidade interna e externa da Universidade Federal de Goiás, focados em grupos de estudo e discussão, incentivo a prática docente em Ciências Morfológicas, aprofundamento teórico e prático do conteúdo, além de explorar a abordagem da Anatomia Humana em concursos e processos seletivos e sua aplicabilidade no mercado de trabalho. As atividades de extensão acadêmica se mostraram enriquecedores para todos os envolvidos, os participantes tiveram a oportunidade de explorar e desenvolver na prática o que aprendem no curso universitário e o incentivo a docência em ciências morfológicas contribuiu consideravelmente para formação acadêmica, em especial, no campo da Anatomia Humana.
Experiências formadoras da docência em Educação Física: estudo das trajetórias dos discentes
Authors: Figueiredo Zenólia Christina , Plotegher Ândrea Tragino , Alves Cláudia Aleixo
Published: December 2019

Buscou compreender a formação de professores de Educação Física, por meio das experiências formadoras construídas no decorrer da formação inicial, bem como analisar como estas interferem nas relações entre o sujeito e a futura profissão docente. As opções metodológicas pautaram-se pela abordagem biográfica, provocada pela entrevista narrativa. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com 12 estudantes finalistas. As análises indicaram que as experiências pré-profissionais se apresentam como referência na formação inicial; a inserção dos estudantes em outros espaços formativos indicaram uma escolha individual para ter, fazer e pensar a experiência formadora; para além do tempo formal da sala de aula, ocorre a legitimação dos saberes construídos antes e no decorrer da formação inicial.
Real Estate Offers in Jordan: A Representative-Directive Speech Act
Authors: Haddad Sami Abdel-Karim Abdullah
Published: December 2019

This study examines Jordanian Arabic Real Estate Offers (henceforth JAREOs) on the open market website. It aims at presenting an appropriate taxonomy of linguistic realization patterns pertaining to the speech act of offering. In this regard, an exact definition of this particular speech act should be provided. The taxonomy, which is based on the basis of two theoretical frameworks, viz. speech acts and politeness theory, will be presented. To achieve the goal of this study, data were selected from the above-mentioned website. The 20 real estate offers were analyzed in a qualitative-quantitative method, so the data were tabulated and calculated in order to find out if there were striking statistical differences among the offering linguistic patterns. The analysis has revealed that JAREOs belonging to a new type of offers; investment offers are a hybrid speech act combining representative and directive illocutionary acts, and they are subcategorized only under conventionally direct offers. It has also been revealed that the elliptical utterances are the most frequent pattern in representatives while in directives, gerunds are the most frequent one in Jordanian Arabic real estate offers. It is hoped that this study extends the scope of speech act research in advertising discourse.