bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Versatile Polymer Co‐Network with Broadened Glass Transition Showing Adjustable Multiple‐Shape Memory Effect
Authors: Li Jing , Liu Tuo , Pan Yi , Xia Shuang , Zheng Zhaohui , Ding Xiaobin , Peng Yuxing
Published: September 2012

In this study, a versatile poly(methyl methacrylate)–poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) covalently crosslinked polymer co‐network (PMMA–PCL CPN) tethering all polymeric chains between netpoints is designed and prepared to develop a novel type of adjustable multiple‐shape memory polymers. The CPN is demonstrated to produce a broadening of glass transition and memorize up to four different shapes based on a single thermal transition for the first time, as the whole energy stored in the broad transition can be distributed into several parts for multi‐step shape fixation and recovery in one‐shape memory cycle. Furthermore, the versatile multiple‐shape memory effects from dual to quadruple can be adjusted simply by shifting the corresponding deformation temperatures on demands, without variation of material chemistry.
Synthesis of a Bifunctional Fluorescent Polymer for Cell Imaging and Enzyme Detection
Authors: Wen Quanshan , Zhu Chunlei , Liu Libing , Yang Qiong , Wang Shu , Zhu Daoben
Published: September 2012

A new bifunctional cationic conjugated polyfluorene derivative (PFPBOH) containing phenylboronic acid group has been synthesized and characterized. The phenylfluorenyl backbone and positively charged groups in the side chain give the polymer PFPBOH excellent fluorescence property and good water solubility. Phenylboronic acid moieties on the side chain of the polymer form cyclic esters with adjacent diols on cell membrane, which can be employed in cell imaging. Besides that, the fluorescence of PFPBOH can be quenched by p‐nitroaniline released via enzyme reaction, thus, the polymer can be used for γ‐glutamyltranspeptidase detection through a fluorescence “turn off” mechanism. These findings exhibit great potential for developing multifunctional polymer materials for simultaneous imaging and detection.
Gröbner bases for the Hilbert ideal and coinvariants of the dihedral group D2p
Authors: Kohls Martin , Sezer Müfit
Published: September 2012

We consider a finite dimensional representation of the dihedral group D2p over a field of characteristic two where p is an odd integer and study the corresponding Hilbert ideal IH. We show that IH has a universal Gröbner basis consisting of invariants and monomials only. We provide sharp bounds for the degree of an element in this basis and in a minimal generating set for IH. We also compute the top degree of coinvariants when p is prime.
SOS junctionless MOSFETs vs. inversion channel MOSFETs: Doubling the device speed without changing the technology
Authors: Bertling K. , Rakic A.D. , Yeow Y. T. , O'Brien C. J. , Domyo H.
Published: September 2012

This letter compares experimentally the performance of the SOS junctionless MOSFET and the conventional SOS inversion‐channel MOSFET, fabricated in a production line technology. It was shown that the former has a significantly higher cutoff frequency fT, and therefore presents a viable alternative to a conventional SOS MOSFETs for high‐speed integrated circuits. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2755–2757, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27163
Dual‐band printed dipole antenna with wide beamwidth for WLAN access points
Authors: Ta Son Xuat , Han Jea Jin , Choo Hosung , Park Ikmo
Published: September 2012

In this article, we propose a dual‐band angled printed dipole antenna with wide beamwidth for use in the access points of wireless local area network operating in the 2.4‐ and 5‐GHz bands.The antenna is fed by a novel integrated balun consisting of a curved microstripline and a circular slot for broadband operation. An angled dipole and two vertical copper plates on the ground plane are used to achieve wide beamwidth in the lower and upper bands, respectively. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2806–2811, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27176
Calculation of wave propagation parameters in generalized media
Authors: Obelleiro Fernando , Taboada José M. , Araújo Marta G.
Published: September 2012

Nanoscience and nanotechnology have brought new electromagnetic problems for which special considerations must be considered.We deep into the understanding of the mathematics and wave physics associated with them, focusing in the adequate derivation of the main electromagnetic wave parameters to obtain an efficient and straightforward implementation without special considerations. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2731–2736, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27179
Printed RFID reader antenna with circular polarization for handheld operation
Authors: Lin Shun‐Yun , Lin Yu‐Chih
Published: September 2012

A novel circularly polarized antenna for ultrahigh frequency (UHF) radiofrequency identification (RFID) readers is proposed in this article. A prototype that operates in the UHF RFID band is successfully developed using an orthogonally truncated radiation patch, an obliquely slotted ground plane, and a 50‐Ω microstrip line that proximally fed the antenna. All elements are printed on a microwave substrate in a vertical structure. The antenna dimension of 65 × 900 × 8 mm3 is suitable to use for handheld devices. The impedance bandwidth for 2.5 VSWR and the 3‐dB axial‐ratio bandwidth is 15.2% (880 MHz∼1025 MHz) and 6.5% (890 MHz∼950 MHz), respectively. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2792–2797, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27180
Dual‐band microwave device for sensing dielectric property changes in microfluidic channels
Authors: Shao Jin , Manandhar Gaurav , Arigong Bayaner , Zhang Hualiang
Published: September 2012

We propose a dual‐band microwave device to detect the dielectric changes in polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic channels. Such a device, which consists of two dual‐band Wilkinson power dividers (working at 2 and 5 GHz) and two 90° dual‐band microstrip lines (providing 180° phase difference at two operating frequencies), is very sensitive for identifying dielectric material changes. Moreover, by operating at two frequencies simultaneously, it can improve the measurement stability/robustness. Compared with other existing microwave microfluidic sensors, the proposed device features enhanced measurement stability with the same level of measurement sensitivity (up to −80 dB cancellation level). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2691–2694, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27188
An ultra‐wideband CPW‐fed monopole antenna with fan‐shaped structure
Authors: Wang Chen , Yan Ze‐Hong , Li Bo , Li Sheng
Published: September 2012

In this article, we present a novel ultrawideband (UWB) coplanar waveguide fed printed monopole antenna with fan‐shaped structure. Its UWB‐related performances are simulated and experimentally verified. The fabricated antenna occupies a small area, exhibits omnidirectional radiation pattern and good gains within the operating band, which illuminates the fan‐shaped structure is also a good candidate for UWB antenna design. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2878–2880, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27218
Growth‐associated protein‐43 expression in cocultures of dorsal root ganglion neurons and skeletal muscle cells with different neurotrophins
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Miao Yajun , Xing Ziying , Li Hao , Liu Huangxiang , Li Zhenzhong
Published: September 2012

Introduction: Both target skeletal muscle (SKM) cells and neurotrophins (NTs) are essential for the maintenance of neuronal function and nerve–muscle communication. The effects of different NTs and SKM cells on growth‐associated protein‐43 (GAP‐43) expression in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons have not been clarified. Methods: The morphological relationship between DRG neurons and SKM cells in neuromuscular cocultures was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The levels of GAP‐43 and its mRNA were determined after administration of different NTs. Results: DRG neurons demonstrated dense neurite outgrowth in the presence of NTs. Distinct NTs promoted GAP‐43 and its mRNA expression in neuromuscular cocultures of DRG neurons and SKM cells. Conclusions: These results offer new clues for a better understanding of the effects of distinct NTs on GAP‐43 expression in DRG sensory neurons in the presence of target SKM cells and implicate NTs and target SKM cells in DRG neuronal regeneration. Muscle Nerve 47: 909–915, 2013
Strategies for the development of gadolinium‐based ‘q’‐activatable MRI contrast agents
Authors: Tu Chuqiao , Louie Angelique Y.
Published: September 2012

The emergence and rapid development of activatable contrast agents (CAs), whose relaxivity changes in response to the variation of a specific marker in the surrounding physiological microenvironment, have expanded the scope of MRI beyond anatomical and functional imaging to also convey information at the cellular and molecular level. The essence of an activatable MRI CA is the difference in relaxivity before and after a change in a physiological variable: the larger the difference, the better the CA. In this review, strategies for the design of activatable gadolinium CAs, with a switching mechanism based on the modulation of hydration (q), sensitive to common variables in the physiological microenvironment, such as pH, light, redox and metal ions, are illustrated and discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heterogeneous uncoordinated deployment of WLANs: an evolving problem for current and future Wi‐Fi access
Authors: Abusubaih Murad
Published: September 2012

This article addresses the problem of uncoordinated heterogeneous deployment of 802.11 wireless local area networks (WLANs). It is expected that such deployments by different WLAN owners and WiFi providers will become a challenging problem that limits the network performance and quality of service of wireless users. We present results of a real case study that show a need for coordination among WLAN devices in order to avoid current and future problems. We provide potential solution directions. A special focus is given to channel assignment and coordinated channel access problems. Our results show that a new paradigm for designing WLAN devices seems to be crucial. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A model of antecedents of consumers' post brand attitude upon exposure to a cause–brand alliance
Authors: Myers Beth , Kwon Wi‐Suk
Published: September 2012

A cause–brand alliance is a type of cause‐related marketing campaign in which the brand supports a cause in response to a consumer purchasing a product associated with the brand. Using the meaning transfer, attribution, and schema theories, the researchers developed a model and hypotheses addressing structural relationships among key antecedents of brand attitude change upon encountering a cause–brand alliance. The model and the hypotheses were tested in the context of hypothetical cause–brand alliance scenarios. Findings indicate cause–brand alliance attitude as a strong direct predictor of post brand attitude, whereas cause involvement, perceived brand motivations, and prior brand attitude indirectly predict post brand attitude through their effects on cause–brand alliance attitude. Cause–brand fit also indirectly predicts cause–brand alliance attitude via perceived brand motivations. Managerial and theoretical implications are discussed.

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of injection molding parameters and blowing agent addition on selected properties, surface state, and structure of HDPE parts
Authors: Bociaga Elzbieta , Palutkiewicz Pawel
Published: September 2012

The investigation of the influence of injection molding parameters (injection velocity, mold temperature and injection temperature, and additionally, as a result of these three parameters change, injection time, hold time, and cooling time) and blowing agent percentage on selected properties of HDPE molded parts such as weight, density, mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at maximum force), surface state (gloss and color), and structure was the aim of this work. The examination showed, that the mold temperature has the main influence on properties and surface state of molded parts from solid and foam HDPE. The weight, density, mechanical properties and gloss of molded parts increased with the increase in mold temperature. The mold temperature also influences significantly the number and size of pores in molded parts. The addition of blowing agent in a quantity of 2% is sufficient to obtain parts with favorable mechanical properties and good surface quality. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Properties of thermoplastic starch and TPS/polycaprolactone blend reinforced with sisal whiskers using extrusion processing
Authors: Campos A. , Teodoro K.B.R. , Teixeira E.M. , Corrêa A.C. , Marconcini J.M. , Wood D.F. , Williams T.G. , Mattoso L.H.C.
Published: September 2012

Sisal whiskers (SW) were prepared by acid hydrolysis for subsequent evaluation as reinforcing material for biodegradable matrices of thermoplastic starch (TPS) and TPS/polycaprolactone (TPS/PCL) blends. The acid hydrolyzed SW had dimensions of 5 ± 2 nm in diameter and 210 ± 60 nm in length and 78% crystallinity. The nanocomposite blends consisted of whisker contents of 5 and 10 wt% and were coextruded with either TPS or TPS/PCL which formed the matrix material. The influence of SW on the morphology, crystallinity, thermal properties, mechanical behavior, structural, and biodegradation of TPS and TPS/PCL matrices were investigated. The lower SW content of 5 wt% dispersed and interacted well with both matrices. The introduction of PCL in the TPS matrix leads to an increased crystallinity and there was evidence that the carbonyl groups of PCL interacted with the OH groups on the surface of the whiskers. Addition of PCL decreased the whisker/whisker interaction over TPS alone, favoring the dispersion of the whiskers in the matrix and, consequently, the reinforcement effect was more pronounced in TPS/PCL blends than in the pure TPS matrix. The addition of the whiskers as reinforcement increased the biodegradability of TPS and TPS/PCL matrices. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Effect of heating and stretching polyacrylonitrile precursor fibers in steam on the properties of stabilized fibers and carbon fibers
Authors: Qin Xianying , Lu Yonggen , Xiao Hao , Zhao Weizhe
Published: September 2012

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers were heated and stretched in a steam bath mixed with nitrogen in the early stage of stabilization. During this process, the flexible linear chain of PAN molecule was converted to a rigid ladder structure by intramolecular cyclization. The shrinkage tension along the fiber axis decreased during this heat treatment, because water molecules here acted as a plasticizer for stretching. Consequently, the preferred orientation of ladder molecules in the stabilized fibers was enhanced. As a result, the preferred orientation, crystallite dimensions, and mechanical properties of the resultant carbon fibers (CFs) and graphite fibers (GFs) were improved, comparing with the corresponding CFs and GFs without pretreatment in the steam bath. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Preparation and properties of carbon nanotube composites with nitrile‐ and styrene‐butadiene rubbers
Authors: Kummerlöwe Claudia , Vennemann Norbert , Yankova Ekaterina , Wanitschek Mirko , Größ Catharina , Heider Thomas , Haberkorn Frank , Siebert Achim
Published: September 2012

The work deals with the preparation and characterization of elastomer/multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT) composites. Nitrile‐butadiene‐rubber (NBR), emulsion styrene‐butadiene‐rubber (E‐SBR) with random segment distribution, and solution styrene‐butadiene‐rubber (S‐SBR) having a blocked styrene content were used as elastomer matrix. The preparation of composites by a masterbatch process was compared to the direct melt‐mixing process using two different types of multiwalled CNT. It turned out that extremely low‐percolation thresholds of ∼0.2 and 1 wt% CNT can be reached by direct melt mixing of Nanocyl 7000 CNT with S‐SBR and NBR, respectively. The effect of CNT on the vulcanization reaction was studied by application of a first‐order kinetic model. It can be shown that the rate constants are decreasing with increasing CNT content especially at higher reaction temperatures and that CNT cause a decrease in activation energies. Temperature scanning stress‐relaxation measurements were used to prove the reinforcing effect of the CNT, to verify the phase structure of the S‐SBR, and to estimate the effect of CNT on crosslink density. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Aspirin for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Events
Authors: Nemerovski Carrie W. , Salinitri Francine D. , Morbitzer Kathryn A. , Moser Lynette R.
Published: September 2012

Aspirin has been used for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) for several decades. The efficacy of aspirin for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease is well established, but the clinical benefit of aspirin for primary prevention of CVD is less clear. The primary literature suggests that aspirin may provide a reduction in CVD events, but the absolute benefit is small and accompanied by an increase in bleeding. For aspirin to be beneficial for an individual patient, the risk of a future CVD event must be large enough to outweigh the risk of bleeding. The estimation of CVD risk is multifaceted and can involve numerous risk scores and assessments of concomitant comorbidities that confer additional CVD risk. Numerous guidelines provide recommendations for the use of aspirin for primary prevention, but they often contradict one another despite being based on the same clinical trials. Additional literature suggests that the presence of comorbidities that increase CVD risk, such as diabetes mellitus, asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease, or chronic kidney disease, does not ensure that aspirin therapy will be beneficial. Ongoing clinical trials may provide additional insight, but until more data are available, an individualized assessment of CVD risk with careful evaluation of risk and benefit should be performed before recommending aspirin therapy for primary prevention of CVD.
p‐Type conductivity of GeTe: The role of lone‐pair electrons
Authors: Kolobov Alexander V. , Fons Paul , Tominaga Junji
Published: September 2012

Chalcogenide alloys are usually p‐type semiconductors. In GeTe, it was recently argued that p‐type conductivity results from vacancies on Ge sites. In this work, we demonstrate that the creation of vacancies in GeTe, in which the co‐existence of conventional covalent and dative bonds utilising the Te lone‐pair (LP) electrons makes Ge(3):Te(3) bonding geometry possible, results in the formation of a triad of twofold coordinated Te atoms. Because of the different nature of bonding (conventional covalent vs. dative), only one of the three Te atoms naturally possesses LP electrons after rupture of the Ge–Te bonds. As a result of electron redistribution, three twofold coordinated Te atoms with LP electrons and concomitantly holes in the valence band are generated, which provides a natural explanation of p‐type conductivity. We argue that a similar mechanism may be also operative in S‐ and Se‐based alloys, providing a general explanation of p‐type conductivity in chalcogenides.
Quantum phase transition in a dimerized chain with hexameric distortion
Authors: Naseri Mahboobeh Shahri , Japaridze George I. , Mahdavifar Saeed , Shayesteh Saber Farjami
Published: September 2012

We consider the dimerized spin‐1/2 Heisenberg chain with spin hexameric distortion of the exchange pattern and study the zero‐temperature phase diagram in the parameter space (J1, J2, J3) by a continuum‐limit bosonization approach and the exact diagonalization method. The phase diagram is rich and has two gapped dimer phases. We obtain an estimate of the critical line separating the different gapped dimer phases by the bosonization approach. The existence of the transition line and the difference between dimer phases is checked numerically. The behavior of the energy gap and the dimer order parameter supports the exact location of the gapless line.
Investigation of bond dilution effects on the magnetic properties of a cylindrical Ising nanowire
Authors: Yüksel Yusuf , Akıncı Ümit , Polat Hamza
Published: September 2012

A cylindrical magnetic nanowire system composed of ferromagnetic core and shell layers has been investigated by using effective field theory (EFT) with correlations. Both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic exchange couplings at the core–shell interface have been considered. Main attention has been focused on the effects of the quenched disordered shell bonds, as well as interface bonds on the magnetic properties of the system. A complete picture of the phase diagrams and magnetization profiles has been represented. It has been shown that for the antiferromagnetic nanowire system, the magnetization curves can be classified according to Néel theory of ferrimagnetism and it has been found that under certain conditions, the magnetization profiles may exhibit Q‐type, P‐type, N‐type, and L‐type behaviors. The observed L‐type behavior has not been reported in the literature before for the equilibrium properties of nanoscaled magnets. As another interesting feature of the system, it has been found that a compensation point can be induced by a bond dilution process in the surface.
Classifying different denial‐of‐service attacks in cloud computing using rule‐based learning
Authors: Khorshed Md Tanzim , Ali A B M Shawkat , Wasimi Saleh A.
Published: September 2012

From traditional networking to cloud computing, one of the essential but formidable tasks is to detect cyber attacks and their types. A cloud provider's unwillingness to share security‐related data with its clients adds to the difficulty of detection by a cloud customer. The research contributions in this paper are twofold. First, an investigative survey on cloud computing is conducted with the main focus on gaps that is hindering cloud adoption, accompanied by a review of the threat remediation challenges. Second, some thoughts are constructed on novel approaches to address some of the widely discussed denial‐of‐service (DoS) attack types by using machine learning techniques. We evaluate the techniques' performances by using statistical ranking‐based methods, and find the rule‐based learning technique C4.5, from a set of popular learning algorithms, as an efficient tool to classify various DoS attacks in the cloud platform. The novelty of our rather rigorous analysis is in its ability to identify insider's activities and other DoS attacks by using performance data. The reason for using performance data rather than traditional logs and security‐related data is that the performance data can be collected by the customers themselves without any help from cloud providers. To the best of our knowledge, no one has made such attempts before. Our findings and thoughts captured through a series of experiments in our constructed cloud server are expected to give researchers, cloud providers and customers additional insight and tools to proactively protect themselves from known or perhaps even unknown security issues that have similar patterns. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does antenatal ultrasound labeling predict birth order in twin pregnancies?
Authors: D'Antonio F. , Dias T. , Thilaganathan B. ,   the Southwest Thames Obstetric Research Collaborative (STORK)
Published: September 2012

Objective

It is often assumed by obstetricians, neonatologists and parents that the prenatal nomenclature used to identify twins on ultrasound is consistent with twin labeling after their birth. The aim of this study was to use a large regional database of twin ultrasound scans to validate the effectiveness of a scan before delivery in predicting twin birth‐order.

Methods

A large regional database of twin ultrasound scans with data from nine hospitals over a 10‐year period was used to identify all ultrasound examinations carried out just before birth. The discordance in twin order between the last scan and birth was evaluated by observing discrepancies in fetal sex and weight.

Results

In total, 2103 twin pregnancies with ultrasound estimated fetal weights (EFWs) and birth weights were assessed. Of these, fetal sex was recorded in 149 different‐sex pregnancies. Discrepancy between antenatal labeling and the anticipated birth order was noted in 37.6% (56/149) of cases when judged by sex discordance and in 36% (757/2103) of cases when judged by weight discordance. Multiple logistic regression analyses demonstrated that weight discordance, but not chorionicity, scan‐to‐delivery interval, gestation at scan or gestation at delivery, significantly influenced the change in birth order (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Antenatal ultrasound labeling does not predict twin birth‐order in a significant proportion of twin deliveries. This finding should be borne in mind not only by parents, but also by physicians when delivering twins discordant for anomalies that are not evident on external examination. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amplitude modulations in planetary gears
Authors: Luo Huageng , Hatch Charles , Hanna Jesse , Kalb Matt , Weiss Adam , Winterton John , Inalpolat Murat , Dannehy Christopher
Published: September 2012

A planetary gear set introduces complicated gear vibration frequency structures, especially in sequentially phased planetary gear sets. Frequency components from a fixed sensor can be enhanced and/or canceled with different planets and ring gear configurations. In this study, an amplitude modulation based formula and simple trigonometric function manipulations are used to reveal the major physical phenomena in a planetary gearbox. The formulation used in this study permits unlimited modulation indices as well as unrestricted planet passing signal responses sensed at fixed transducer locations on the gearbox. Numerical simulations and field examples are given in the end of the paper to validate the analysis. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In situ Neutron Diffraction as a Probe on Formation and Decomposition of Nitrides and Hydrides: A Case Study
Authors: Widenmeyer Marc , Niewa Rainer , Hansen Thomas C. , Kohlmann Holger
Published: September 2012

In order to perform real‐time studies of solid‐gas reactions involving light elements such as hydrogen and nitrogen, gas pressure and gas flow cells were developed for in situ neutron powder diffraction. The gas pressure cell is based on a sapphire single crystal tube as a sample holder and provides high quality diffraction patterns with very low background up to 16.0 MPa hydrogen (deuterium) gas pressure and temperatures up to 400 °C. The gas flow cell contains a silica tube as sample container and is optimized for flowing ammonia as reaction gas. While it produces higher background owing to the silica, it allows much higher temperatures of up to 750 °C to be used. For both cells heating is realized contactless and without any contribution to the diffraction patterns by two lasers and so high‐quality diffraction data allowing for a detailed Rietveld analysis can be collected on D20 (Institute Laue‐Langevin) with a one minute time resolution. Examples are presented demonstrating the potential of the in situ gas cells, ranging from the nitridation of vanadium and iron powders with flowing ammonia, to the deuteration of palladium and the hydrogen storage material LaNi5.
Hydrothermal Synthesis, Structure, Magnetic, and Photoluminescent Properties of a Heterometallic Cobalt(II)/Cerium(III) Coordination Compound with the Ligand Pyrazine 2, 3‐di­carboxylic Acid
Authors: Wei Qing , Zhang Sheng , Yang Qi , Chen San‐Ping , Gong Wen‐Jun , Zhang Yu‐Ping , Zhang Guo‐Chun , Zhou Chun‐Sheng , Gao Sheng‐Li
Published: September 2012

Hydrothermal reaction of the metalloligand {[Co(Pzdc)2]·2H2O}n (1) with Ce(NO3)3·6H2O yields a heterometallic 3d‐4f coordination compound {[Ce2Co(Pzdc)4(H2O)6]·2H2O}n (2) (H2Pzdc = pyrazine 2, 3‐dicarboxylic acid). X‐ray structure determination, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and magnetic property for the targets are presented. Compound 1 affords one‐dimensional double zigzag chains. Compound 2 features a three‐dimensional CoII–CeIII herringbone structure, in which the slightly deformational 1 and central CeIII atoms are linked by Pzdc2– spacers, and is further analyzed with {4.62}2{42.62.82}{63}2{65.8}2 topology symbol. Magnetic property analysis reveals that the antiferromagnetic interactions occur in compound 2 due to a long‐range superexchange pathway between adjacent magnetic centers. In addition, the solid state photoluminescence of 2 was investigated.
Synthesis and Characterization of Energetic Salts of the (C4N122–) Dianion
Authors: Klapötke Thomas M. , Piercey Davin G. , Rohrbacher Florian , Stierstorfer Jörg
Published: September 2012

3, 6‐Bis(tetrazol‐5‐yl)‐1, 2, 4, 5‐tetrazine is a nitrogen‐rich energetic compound readily prepared and a strong dibasic acid. By the reaction with energetic bases such including hydroxylamine, triaminoguanidine, hydrazine, and diaminourea, multiple ionic energetic materials were prepared and characterized for the first time. Both chemical (multinuclear NMR, Infrared, Raman, MS, etc) as well as explosive (Impact, Friction, Static sensitivities) properties are reported. The materials prepared, with the exception of the silver salt, which is a primary explosive, fall into the classification of low‐sensitivity energetic materials due to desensitizing hydration waters. Calculated explosive performances using the EXPLO5 computer code are also reported.
Hereditäre Fiebersyndrome
Authors: Schumacher J. , Timmann C.
Published: September 2012

Das familiäre Mittelmeerfieber (FMF), Hyper-IgD-Syndrom (HIDS) und das Tumornekrosefaktor(TNF)-Rezeptor-1-assoziierte periodische Syndrom (TRAPS) sind monogene Krankheiten, die unter dem Begriff der hereditären Fiebersyndrome zusammengefasst werden. Sie sind durch rezidivierende Episoden mit Fieber und Entzündungszeichen gekennzeichnet und werden von Mutationen in Genen verursacht, denen eine Funktion bei der angeborenen Immunität zukommt. Die vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit befasst sich mit dem klinischen Erscheinungsbild und der Genetik der hereditären Fiebersyndrome. Sie sind für die humangenetische Beratung von Bedeutung.
Mitochondriale Erkrankungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Freisinger P. , Sperl W.
Published: September 2012

Mitochondriale Erkrankungen im Kindesalter sind relativ häufige angeborene Erkrankungen des Energiestoffwechsels mit einem klinischen und genetisch sehr breiten Spektrum, das meist mehrere Organsysteme betrifft. Es gibt wenige typische mitochondrialen Syndrome, die meisten Patienten zeigen Krankheitsbilder mit verdächtigen, aber unspezifischen Symptomen. Das ZNS ist sehr häufig betroffen. Nur eine sinnvolle Kombination aus klinischen, biochemischen, morphologischen und molekulargenetischen Untersuchungen führt zu einer spezifischen Diagnose. Dabei spielt die biochemisch-funktionelle Untersuchung des mitochondrialen Stoffwechsels im betroffenen Gewebes (z. B. frischer Muskel) eine zentrale Rolle. Die neuen Technologien der Molekulargenetik („next generation sequencing“) haben zur Identifikation einer beträchtlichen Anzahl von Krankheitsgenen geführt und damit auch zum Verständnis der Pathomechanismen beigetragen. Es ist zu hoffen, dass dies auch die Entwicklung neuer Therapieansätze erleichtert, da die Behandlungen bisher weitgehend symptomatisch und wenig erfolgreich sind.
Mitochondriale Erkrankungen im Erwachsenenalter
Authors: Deschauer M.
Published: September 2012

Die häufigste Manifestation einer Mitochondriopathie bei Erwachsenen ist die chronisch progressive externe Ophthalmoplegie (CPEO), die eine variable Multisystembeteiligung aufweist. Molekulargenetisch finden sich am häufigsten singuläre mtDNA-Deletionen, die meist mit einer sporadischen CPEO einhergehen. Es gibt aber auch autosomal-dominant und rezessiv vererbte CPEO-Formen durch Defekte in nukleären Genen, die für die mtDNA-Replikation wichtig sind, die zu multiplen mtDNA-Deletionen führen. Andere klassische multisystemische mitochondriale Erkrankungen sind z. B. das MELAS-Syndrom und das MERRF-Syndrom, sie entstehen durch maternal vererbte Punktmutationen der mtDNA. Die Lebersche Optikusneuropathie, ebenfalls durch mtDNA-Punktmutationen bedingt, ist eine häufige Mitochondriopathie ohne multisystemische Beteiligung, Über solch klassische mitochondriale Erkrankungen hinaus gibt es Mitochondriopathienpatienten mit weniger charakteristischen, manchmal monosymptomatischen Phänotypen (z. B. Myopathie oder Epilepsie), die schwieriger zu erkennen sind.
Exomdiagnostik verändert die Sicht auf Mitochondriopathien
Authors: Prokisch H. , Oexle K. , Meitinger T.
Published: September 2012

Indem die molekulargenetische Untersuchung vieler Gene (Gen-Panels bzw. Exomanalyse) immer günstiger wird, steht deren Anwendung in der klinischen Praxis bevor. Dies wird insbesondere den Bereich solcher monogenen Erkrankungen betreffen, die stark heterogen sind, bei denen also Mutationen in vielen verschiedenen Genen zu Phänotypen führen, die klinisch nur schwer voneinander abgrenzbar sind. Ein Beispiel hierfür sind die Atmungskettendefekte. Die Exomsequenzierung ermöglicht hier ein rasches Mutationsscreening, das parallel in allen Genen abläuft, die ursächlich infrage kommen.
Application of lower extremity injury severity scores in children
Authors: Stewart David A. , Coombs Christopher J. , Graham H. Kerr
Published: September 2012

Purpose

Severe lower extremity trauma presents challenges in decision-making in terms of reconstruction or amputation. While injury severity scores have been developed to aid decision-making in adults, evaluation of their use in children is limited.

Methods

Children presenting with severe lower limb trauma from 2000 to 2010 in a major trauma centre were identified from a trauma registry. Records were reviewed for details of the injury, surgical intervention, amputation and scores for the Mangled Extremity Severity Score, Limb Salvage Index, Predictive Salvage Index, Nerve injury, Ischaemia, Soft tissue injury, Skeletal injury, Shock, Age System and the Hanover Fracture Scale 1998.

Results

Twenty children (average age 8.7 years) were eligible for inclusion. There were three primary amputations and no secondary amputations. All of the scoring systems had poor specificity and would have recommended amputation in several limbs that were successfully reconstructed.

Conclusions

Currently available injury severity scores behave differently in children and adults. In their current format, these scores should not be used as an absolute indication for early amputation in children.
Implementing AORN Recommended Practices for MIS: Part II
Authors: Morton Paula J.
Published: September 2012

This article focuses on the equipment and workplace safety aspects of the revised AORN “Recommended practices for minimally invasive surgery.” A multidisciplinary team that includes the perioperative nurse should be established to discuss aspects of the development and design of new construction or renovation (eg, room access, ergonomics, low‐lighting, OR integration, hybrid OR considerations, design development). Equipment safety considerations during minimally invasive surgical procedures include using active electrode monitoring; verifying the properties of distention media; using smoke evacuation systems; reducing equipment, electrical, thermal, and fire hazards; performing routine safety checks on insufflation accessories; and minimizing the risk of ergonomic injuries to staff members. Additional considerations include using video recording devices, nonmagnetic equipment during magnetic resonance imaging, and fluid containment methods for fluid management.
Transcription of N‐ and O‐linked mannosyltransferase genes is modulated by the pacC gene in the human dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum
Authors: Mendes Niege S. , Trevisan Glauce L. , Silva Cruz Aline H. , Santos Rodrigo S. , Peres Nalu T.A. , Martinez-Rossi Nilce M. , Rossi Antonio
Published: September 2012

In fungi, ambient pH sensing involves the activation of the Pal/PacC signalling pathway. In the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum, pH‐dependent secretion of keratinases, which are major virulence determinants, is affected by disruption of the pacC gene. Here, the transcription profiling of the genes coding for N‐ and O‐linked mannosyltransferases, enzymes involved in protein glycosylation, was evaluated in T. rubrum in response to disruption of the pacC gene and growth in keratin, glucose, and glucose plus glycine. We show that transcription of these mannosyltransferase genes is affected by nutrients at acidic pH and by PacC.
Purification, characterization, molecular cloning and extracellular production of a phospholipase A1 from Streptomyces albidoflavus NA297
Authors: Sugimori Daisuke , Kano Kota , Matsumoto Yusaku
Published: September 2012

A novel metal ion‐independent phospholipase A1 of Streptomyces albidoflavus isolated from Japanese soil has been purified and characterized. The enzyme consists of a 33‐residue N‐terminal signal secretion sequence and a 269‐residue mature protein with a deduced molecular weight of 27,199. Efficient and extracellular production of the recombinant enzyme was successfully achieved using Streptomyces lividans cells and an expression vector. A large amount (25 mg protein, 14.7 kU) of recombinant enzyme with high specific activity (588 U/mg protein) was purified by simple purification steps. The maximum activity was found at pH 7.2 and 50 °C. At pH 7.2, the enzyme preferably hydrolyzed phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylserine; however, the substrate specificity was dependent on the reaction pH. The enzyme hydrolyzed lysophosphatidylcholine and not triglyceride and the p‐nitrophenyl ester of fatty acids. At the reaction equilibrium, the molar ratio of released free fatty acids (sn‐1:sn‐2) was 63:37. The hydrolysis of phosphatidic acid at 50 °C and pH 7.2 gave apparent V
max and k
cat values of 1389 μmol min−1 mg protein−1 and 630 s−1, respectively. The apparent K
m and k
cat/K
m values were 2.38 mM and 265 mM−1 s−1, respectively. Mutagenesis analysis showed that Ser11 is essential for the catalytic function of the enzyme and the active site may include residues Ser216 and His218.
Adult responses to an ischemic stroke in a rat model of neonatal stress and morphine treatment
Authors: Hays Sarah L. , Valieva Olga A. , McPherson Ronald J. , Juul Sandra E. , Gleason Christine A.
Published: September 2012

Critically ill newborn infants experience stressors that may alter brain development. Using a rodent model, we previously showed that neonatal stress, morphine, and stress plus morphine treatments each influence early gene expression and may impair neurodevelopment and learning behavior. We hypothesized that the combination of neonatal stress with morphine may alter neonatal angiogenesis and/or adult cerebral blood vessel density and thus increase injury after cerebral ischemia in adulthood. To test this, neonatal Lewis rats underwent 8 h/d maternal separation, plus morning/afternoon hypoxia exposure and either saline or morphine treatment (2 mg/kg s.c.) from postnatal day 3–7. A subset received bromodeoxyuridine to track angiogenesis. Adult brains were stained with collagen IV to quantify cerebral blood vessel density. To examine vulnerability to brain injury, postnatal day 80 adult rats underwent right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to produce unilateral ischemic lesions. Brains were removed and processed for histology 48 h after injury. Brain injury was assessed by histological evaluation of hematoxylin and eosin, and silver staining. In contrast to our hypothesis, neither neonatal morphine, stress, nor the combination affected cerebral vessel density or MCAO‐induced brain injury. Neonatal angiogenesis was not detected in adult rats possibly due to turnover of endothelial cells. Although unrelated to angiogenesis, hippocampal granule cell neurogenesis was detected and there was a trend (P = 0.073) toward increased bromodeoxyuridine incorporation in rats that underwent neonatal stress. These findings are discussed in contrast to other data concerning the effects of morphine on cerebrovascular function, and acute effects of morphine on hippocampal neurogenesis.
When colors backfire: The impact of color cues on moral judgment
Authors: De Bock Tine , Pandelaere Mario , Van Kenhove Patrick
Published: September 2012

This article investigates if and how the valence of color cues affects moral acceptability of (un)desirable consumer behaviors. Study 1 uses colors with definite differences in terms of valence, namely, red and green. Study 2 applies an evaluative conditioning paradigm to endow initially neutral colors with negative versus positive valences. We find an ironic color effect: undesirable behaviors become more acceptable when presented with negatively valenced colors. In general, respondents find (un)desirable behaviors more acceptable when a background color is of the same valence rather than neutral or opposite in valence. Implications for promotion and prevention campaigns are discussed.
The Balei earthquake of 6 January 2006 (M
w = 4.5): a rare case of seismic activity in eastern Transbaikalia
Authors: Radziminovich Ya.B. , Mel’nikova V.I. , Seredkina A.I. , Gileva N.A. , Radziminovich N.A. , Papkova A.A.
Published: September 2012

The Balei earthquake of 6 January 2006 (Mw = 4.5) was felt over a large part of Transbaikalia. Judging by its updated source parameters (earthquake mechanism, seismic moment, and moment magnitude), the event was generated by the Balei–Darasun fault reactivated in the Cenozoic. Exhaustive macroseismic evidence has been collected for the first time from the study area. The reported results fill up the gap in the seismological knowledge of eastern Transbaikalia and can be used for seismic risk mapping and earthquake prediction.
Influenza B Infection Complicated by Patent Foramen Ovale and High Altitude Pulmonary Edema
Authors: Jacquet Gabrielle , Cushing Tracy
Published: September 2012

A 34-year-old man presented to a clinic at a ski resort in the Rocky Mountains at 9000 feet (2743 m) with shortness of breath and fatigue, a few days after arriving to altitude from sea level. He was found to be hypoxic with radiographic findings consistent with high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). He was treated with high flow oxygen, steroids, and calcium channel blockers and transferred to a lower altitude tertiary care hospital for intensive care unit monitoring and further treatment. During his diagnostic evaluation, he was found to have both a patent foramen ovale and influenza B infection. While patent foramen ovale is a known risk factor for HAPE, there is also some evidence that upper respiratory tract infections in general and influenza in particular may also be risk factors for HAPE. The 2 diseases may share an underlying pulmonary pathophysiology, as both cause noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and alveolar hemorrhage. We report an unusual case of influenza B virus compounded by previously undiagnosed patent foramen ovale, travel to high altitude, and subsequent development of HAPE.
Asymptotic structure in substitution tiling spaces
Authors: BARGE MARCY , OLIMB CARL
Published: September 2012

Every sufficiently regular non-periodic space of tilings of $\mathbb {R}^d$ has at least one pair of distinct tilings that are asymptotic under translation in all the directions of some open $(d-1)$-dimensional hemisphere. If the tiling space comes from a substitution, there is a way of defining a location on such tilings at which asymptoticity ‘starts’. This leads to the definition of the branch locus of the tiling space: this is a subspace of the tiling space, of dimension at most $d-1$, that summarizes the ‘asymptotic in at least a half-space’ behavior in the tiling space. We prove that if a $d$-dimensional self-similar substitution tiling space has a pair of distinct tilings that are asymptotic in a set of directions that contains a closed $(d-1)$-hemisphere in its interior, then the branch locus is a topological invariant of the tiling space. If the tiling space is a two-dimensional self-similar Pisot substitution tiling space, the branch locus has a description as an inverse limit of an expanding Markov map on a zero- or one-dimensional simplicial complex.
Turbulent bubbly flow in pipe under gravity and microgravity conditions
Authors: Colin Catherine , Fabre Jean , Kamp Arjan
Published: September 2012

Experiments on vertical turbulent flow with millimetric bubbles, under three gravity conditions, upward, downward and microgravity flows ($1g$, $\ensuremath{-} 1g$ and $0g$), have been performed to understand the influence of gravity upon the flow structure and the phase distribution. The mean and fluctuating phase velocities, shear stress, turbulence production, gas fraction and bubble size have been measured or determined. The results for $0g$ flow obtained during parabolic flights are taken as reference for buoyant $1g$ and $\ensuremath{-} 1g$ flows. Three buoyancy numbers are introduced to understand and quantify the effects of gravity with respect to friction. We show that the kinematic structure of the liquid is similar to single-phase flow for $0g$ flow whereas it deviates in $1g$ and $\ensuremath{-} 1g$ buoyant flows. The present results confirm the existence of a two-layer structure for buoyant flows with a nearly homogeneous core and a wall layer similar to the single-phase inertial layer whose thickness seems to result from a friction–gravity balance. The distributions of phase velocity, shear stress and turbulence are discussed in the light of various existing physical models. This leads to a dimensionless correlation that quantifies the wall shear stress increase due to buoyancy. The turbulent dispersion, the lift and the nonlinear effects of added mass are taken into account in a simplified model for the phase distribution. Its analytical solution gives a qualitative description of the gas fraction distribution in the wall layer.