bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short Large-Amplitude Magnetic Structures (SLAMS) at Mercury observed by MESSENGER
Authors: Karlsson Tomas , Plaschke Ferdinand , Glass Austin N. , Raines Jim M.
Published: April 2023

Abstract. We present the first observations of Short Large-Amplitude Magnetic Structures (SLAMS) at Mercury. We have investigated approximately four years of MESSENGER data to identify SLAMS in the Mercury foreshock. Defining SLAMS as magnetic field compressional structures, with an increase in magnetic field strength of at least twice the background magnetic field strength, when MESSENGER is located in the solar wind, we find 435 SLAMS. The SLAMS are found either in regions of a general ultra-low frequency (ULF) wave field, at the boundary of such a ULF wave field, or in a few cases isolated from the wave field. We present statistics on several properties of the SLAMS, such as temporal scale size, amplitude, and the presence of whistler-like wave emissions. We find that SLAMS are mostly found during periods of low interplanetary magnetic field strength, indicating that they are more common for higher solar wind Alfvénic Mach number (MA). We use the Tao solar wind model to estimate solar wind parameters to verify that MA is indeed larger during SLAMS observations than otherwise. Finally, we also investigate how SLAMS observations are related to foreshock geometry.
Local environmental context drives heterogeneity of early succession dynamics in alpine glacier forefields
Authors: Bayle Arthur , Carlson Bradley Z. , Zimmer Anaïs , Vallée Sophie , Rabatel Antoine , Cremonese Edoardo , Filippa Gianluca , Dentant Cédric , Randin Christophe , Mainetti Andrea , Roussel Erwan , Gascoin Simon , Corenblit Dov , Choler Philippe
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Glacier forefields have long provided ecologists with a model to study patterns of plant succession following glacier retreat. While plant-survey-based approaches applied along chronosequences provide invaluable information on plant communities, the “space-for-time” approach assumes
environmental uniformity and equal ecological potential across sites and does not account for spatial variability in initial site conditions. Remote
sensing provides a promising avenue for assessing plant colonization dynamics using a so-called “real-time” approach. Here, we combined 36 years
of Landsat imagery with extensive field sampling along chronosequences of deglaciation for eight glacier forefields in the southwestern European
Alps to investigate the heterogeneity of early plant succession dynamics. Based on the two complementary and independent approaches, we found strong
variability in the time lag between deglaciation and colonization by plants and in subsequent growth rates and in the composition of early plant
succession. All three parameters were highly dependent on the local environmental context, i.e., neighboring vegetation cover and energy
availability linked to temperature and snowmelt gradients. Potential geomorphological disturbance did not emerge as a strong predictor of succession
parameters, which is perhaps due to insufficient spatial resolution of predictor variables. Notably, the identity of pioneer plant species was highly
variable, and initial plant community composition had a much stronger influence on plant assemblages than elapsed time since deglaciation. Overall,
both approaches converged towards the conclusion that early plant succession is not stochastic as previous authors have suggested but rather
determined by local ecological context. We discuss the importance of scale in deciphering the complexity of plant succession in glacier forefields
and provide recommendations for improving botanical field surveys and using Landsat time series in glacier forefield systems. Our work demonstrates
complementarity between remote sensing and field-based approaches for both understanding and predicting future patterns of plant succession in
glacier forefields.
Review article: current approaches and critical issues in multi-risk recovery planning of urban areas exposed to natural hazards
Authors: Mohammadi Soheil , De Angeli Silvia , Boni Giorgio , Pirlone Francesca , Cattari Serena
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Natural hazard disasters recovery has been addressed in the literature by different sectoral perspectives and scientific communities. Nevertheless, studies providing holistic approaches to recovery, integrating reconstruction procedures and socio-economic impacts, are still lacking. Furthermore, recovery has been only marginally explored from a pre-disaster perspective, in terms of planning and actions for better recovery before disasters occur. This paper provides a critical review of existing literature and guidelines on disaster recovery with the twofold aim of identifying current gaps and providing the layout to address multi-hazard recovery planning tools for decision-making. Disaster recovery literature is investigated in the paper by focusing on: the definition of the recovery phase and its separation or overlapping with other disaster risk management phases; the different destinations and goals that an urban system follows through recovery pathways; the requirements to implement a holistic resilience-based recovery roadmap; the challenges for shifting from single hazard to multi-hazard recovery approaches; the available recovery planning tools for optimal investment decision-making to increase physical assets resilience. Finally, the current challenges in multi-risk recovery planning are discussed. This review can be a ground basis for new research directions to help stakeholders in decision-making and optimise their pre-disaster investments to improve the urban system's recoverability.
Estimating volcanic ash emissions using retrieved satellite ash columns and inverse ash transport modelling using VolcanicAshInversion v1.2.1, within the operational eEMEP volcanic plume forecasting system (version rv4_17)
Authors: Brodtkorb André R. , Benedictow Anna , Klein Heiko , Kylling Arve , Nyiri Agnes , Valdebenito Alvaro , Sollum Espen , Kristiansen Nina
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Accurate modelling of ash clouds from volcanic eruptions requires knowledge about the eruption source parameters including eruption onset, duration, mass eruption rates, particle size distribution, and vertical emission profiles. However, most of these parameters are unknown and must be estimated somehow. Some are estimated based on observed correlations and known volcano parameters. However, a more accurate estimate is often needed to bring the model into closer agreement to observations. This paper describes the inversion procedure implemented at the Norwegian Meteorological Institute for estimating ash emission rates from retrieved satellite ash column amounts and a priori knowledge. The overall procedure consists of five stages: (1) generate a priori emission estimates; (2) run forward simulations with a set of unit emission profiles; (3) collocate/match observations with emission simulations; (4) build system of linear equations; and (5) solve overdetermined system. We go through the mathematical foundations for the inversion procedure, performance for synthetic cases, and performance for real-world cases. The novelties of this paper includes a memory efficient formulation of the inversion problem, a detailed description and illustrations of the mathematical formulations, evaluation of the inversion method using synthetic known truth data as well as real data, and inclusion of observations of ash cloud-top height. The source code used in this work is freely available under an open source license, and is possible to use for other similar applications.
Cloud top heights and aerosol layer properties from EarthCARE lidar observations: the A-CTH and A-ALD products
Authors: Wandinger Ulla , Haarig Moritz , Baars Holger , Donovan David , van Zadelhoff Gerd-Jan
Published: April 2023

Abstract. The Atmospheric Lidar (ATLID) on the Earth Clouds, Aerosols and Radiation Explorer (EarthCARE) provides vertically resolved information on aerosols and clouds at the global scale. This paper describes the algorithms for the determination of cloud-top-height and aerosol-layer information from ATLID Level 1b (L1b) and Level 2a (L2a) input data. The ATLID L2a Cloud Top Height (A-CTH) and ATLID Aerosol Layer Descriptor (A-ALD) products are developed to ensure the provision of atmospheric layer products in continuation of the heritage from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO). Moreover, the products serve as input for synergistic algorithms that make use of data from ATLID and EarthCARE’s Multi Spectral Imager (MSI). Therefore, the products are provided on the EarthCARE Joint Standard Grid (JSG). A wavelet covariance transform (WCT) method with flexible thresholds is applied to determine layer boundaries from the ATLID Mie co-polar signal. Strong features detected with a horizontal resolution of one JSG pixel (approximately 1 km) or 11 JSG pixels are classified as thick or thin clouds, respectively. The top height of the uppermost cloud layer together with information on cloud layering is stored in the A-CTH product for further use in the generation of the ATLID-MSI Cloud Top Height (AM-CTH) synergy product. Aerosol layers are detected as weaker features at a resolution of 11 JSG pixels. Layer-mean optical properties are calculated from the ATLID L2a Extinction, Backscatter and Depolarization (A-EBD) product and stored in the A-ALD product, which also contains the aerosol optical thickness (AOT) of each layer, the stratospheric AOT, and the AOT of the entire atmospheric column. The latter parameter is used to produce the synergistic ATLID-MSI Aerosol Column Descriptor (AM-ACD) later in the processing chain. Several quality criteria are applied in the generation of A-CTH and A-ALD, and respective information is stored in the products. The functionality and performance of the algorithm are demonstrated by applying it to common EarthCARE test scenes. Conclusions are drawn for the application to real-world data and the validation of the products after the launch of EarthCARE.
Twelve years of profile soil moisture and temperature measurements in Twente, the Netherlands
Authors: van der Velde Rogier , Benninga Harm-Jan F. , Retsios Bas , Vermunt Paul C. , Salama M. Suhyb
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Spread across Twente and its neighbouring regions in the east of the
Netherlands, a network of 20 profile soil moisture and
temperature (5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 cm depths) monitoring stations
was established in 2009. Field campaigns have been conducted covering the
growing seasons of 2009, 2015, 2016, and 2017, during which soil sampling
rings and handheld probes were used to measure the top 5 cm volumetric soil
moisture content (VSM) of 28 fields near 12 monitoring stations. In this
paper, we describe the design of the monitoring network and the field
campaigns, adopted instrumentation, experimental setup, field sampling
strategies, and the development of sensor calibration functions. Maintenance
and quality control procedures and issues specific to the Twente network are
discussed. Moreover, we provide an overview of open third-party datasets
(i.e. land cover/use, soil information, elevation, groundwater, and
meteorological observations) that can support the use and analysis of the
Twente soil moisture and temperature datasets beyond the scope of this
contribution. An indication for the spatial representativeness of the permanent monitoring
stations is provided through comparisons of the 5 cm station measurements
with the top 5 cm field-averaged VSM derived from the field campaign
measurements. The results reveal in general reasonable agreements and root
mean squared errors that are dominated by underestimations of the
field-averaged VSM, which is particularly apparent for the grass fields and is
strong after heavy rain. Further, we discuss the prospects the datasets
offer to investigate (i) the reliability of soil moisture references that
serve the development and validation of soil moisture products, and (ii) the
water and energy exchanges across the groundwater–vadose-zone–atmosphere
continuum within a lowland environment in a changing climate. The datasets discussed are publicly available at
https://doi.org/10.17026/dans-znj-wyg5 (Van der Velde et al., 2022).
Glacier Energy and Mass Balance (GEMB): a model of firn processes for cryosphere research
Authors: Gardner Alex S. , Schlegel Nicole-Jeanne , Larour Eric
Published: April 2023

Abstract. This paper provides the first description of the
open-source Glacier Energy and Mass Balance model. GEMB models the ice sheet
and glacier surface–atmospheric energy and mass exchange, as well as the firn state. It
is a column model (no horizontal communication) of intermediate complexity
that includes those processes deemed most relevant to glacier studies. GEMB
prioritizes computational efficiency to accommodate the very long (thousands
of years) spin-ups necessary for initializing deep firn columns and
sensitivity experiments needed to characterize model uncertainty on
continental scales. The model is one-way coupled with the atmosphere, which
allows the model to be run offline with a diversity of climate forcing but
neglects feedback to the atmosphere. GEMB provides numerous parameterization
choices for various key processes (e.g., albedo, subsurface shortwave
absorption, and compaction), making it well suited for uncertainty
quantification and model exploration. The model is evaluated against the
current state of the art and in situ observations and is shown to perform
well.
Earthquake-induced landslides in Norway
Authors: Sørensen Mathilde B. , Haga Torbjørn , Nesje Atle
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Norway is located in an intraplate setting with low-to-moderate seismicity. The mountainous landscape leads to a high level of
landside activity throughout the country. Earthquake-induced landslides
(EQILs) are common in seismically active areas, but there are only a few
studies of EQILs in intraplate regions. We systematically analyse all
earthquakes in Norway with magnitudes ≥ 4.5 in the time period
1800–2021 CE. For each event we search for reports of EQILs in the available
macroseismic data and in the Norwegian landslide database. We furthermore
consider precipitation data from the Norwegian Centre for Climate Services to
evaluate the role of precipitation in the triggering of the identified
potential EQILs. Through this approach, we identify 22 EQILs that have been
triggered by eight earthquakes in the magnitude range 4.5–5.9. The events are
widely distributed in northern and southern Norway. The maximum landslide
distance limits and landslide-affected areas are much larger than those
found in empirical studies of global datasets and are in agreement with data
from other intraplate regions. For four of the earthquakes, it seems that
landslide triggering was due to a combined effect of precipitation and
earthquake ground shaking. Our observations confirm that intraplate
earthquakes have the potential to trigger EQILs over large distances, most likely
due to the low ground motion attenuation in such regions. Slope
susceptibility seems to be another important factor in the triggering. Our
conclusions demonstrate the importance of considering EQIL potential in
earthquake risk management in intraplate regions.
Global water level variability observed after the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcanic tsunami of 2022
Authors: Devlin Adam T. , Jay David A. , Talke Stefan A. , Pan Jiayi
Published: April 2023

Abstract. The eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano on 15 January 2022 provided a rare opportunity to understand global tsunami
impacts of explosive volcanism and to evaluate future hazards, including
dangers from “volcanic meteotsunamis” (VMTs) induced by the atmospheric
shock waves that followed the eruption. The propagation of the volcanic and
marine tsunamis was analyzed using globally distributed 1 min measurements
of air pressure and water level (WL) (from both tide gauges and deep-water
buoys). The marine tsunami propagated primarily throughout the Pacific,
reaching nearly 2 m at some locations, though most Pacific locations
recorded maximums lower than 1 m. However, the VMT resulting from the
atmospheric shock wave arrived before the marine tsunami and propagated
globally, producing water level perturbations in the Indian Ocean, the
Mediterranean, and the Caribbean. The resulting water level response of many
Pacific Rim gauges was amplified, likely related to wave interaction with
bathymetry. The meteotsunami repeatedly boosted tsunami wave energy as it
circled the planet several times. In some locations, the VMT was amplified
by as much as 35-fold relative to the inverse barometer due to near-Proudman
resonance and topographic effects. Thus, a meteotsunami from a larger
eruption (such as the Krakatoa eruption of 1883) could yield atmospheric
pressure changes of 10 to 30 mb, yielding a 3–10 m near-field tsunami that
would occur in advance of (usually) larger marine tsunami waves, posing
additional hazards to local populations. Present tsunami warning systems do
not consider this threat.
Signature of the stratosphere-troposphere coupling on recent record-breaking Antarctic sea ice anomalies
Authors: Cordero Raúl R. , Feron Sarah , Damiani Alessandro , Llanillo Pedro J. , Carrasco Jorge , Khan Alia L. , Bintanja Richard , Ouyang Zutao , Casassa Gino
Published: April 2023

Abstract. By influencing the circumpolar westerly winds, the stratospheric polar vortex has played a major role in the Antarctic surface climate in recent decades. However, the footprint of the polar vortex variability in the year-to-year changes of the Antarctic sea ice cover remains obscured. Here, we combine satellite retrievals and reanalysis data to study the response of the sea ice extent around Antarctica to changes in the polar vortex strength. We focused on the last two decades that have seen sharp changes in the stratospheric zonal flow, the tropospheric westerly winds, and the sea ice cover (the latter climbed to record highs in 2013 and 2014 before dropping to record lows in 2017 and 2022). We found that this unprecedented interannual variability has been noticeably influenced by the polar vortex dynamics. The signature of the stratosphere-troposphere coupling is apparent on recent all-time records (highs and lows) in the sea ice around Antarctica.
Hipertrofia grave del ventrículo derecho secundaria a estenosis valvular pulmonar en lactante mayor con síndrome de Noonan
Authors: Reinoso David , Pazmiño Miranda Ana María , Ríos Méndez Raúl
Published: April 2023

Introducción: El Síndrome de Noonan se caracterizada por alteraciones del crecimiento, retraso psicomotor y mental, dismorfia facial, alteraciones musculo-esqueléticas y alteraciones cardíacas hasta en el 80 % de los pacientes, miocardiopatía hipertrófica 30%, estenosis valvular pulmonar 50 % y defectos septales, estenosis de ramas pulmonares, tetralogía de Fallot o coartaciones aórticas.
Caso clínico: lactante de 8 meses con hipertelorismo, ptosis palpebral, orejas con implantación baja, cuello corto y escoliosis. Se presenta con cianosis y disnea asociada a hipotonía muscular. Peso: score Z: -3, talla: score Z: -3, a la auscultación cardiaca: soplo meso-sistólico grado 4/6 en segundo espacio intercostal izquierdo, línea para-esternal. En el ecocardiograma se observa estenosis pulmonar valvular de grado moderado (gradiente sistólico de 52 mmHg) y dilatación del tronco arterial pulmonar.
Evolución: Se efectúa cateterismo cardíaco con evidencia estenosis valvular pulmonar grave, reacción infundibular, hipertrofia del ventrículo derecho, apertura valvular en domo y conducto arterioso persistente filiforme “tipo E”, estos hallazgos justificaban el desarrollo de hipertrofia cardíaca. Se realizó una valvuloplastia pulmonar con balón que mejoró las presiones cardíacas.
Conclusiones: Las alteraciones cardíacas presentes en un lactante con síndrome de Noonan fueron: Hipertrofia biventricular, hipertensión pulmonar, estenosis valvular pulmonar, conducto arterioso persistente.
Comparison of Implant Systems Applied in the Mental Region in the Prosthetic Treatment of Atrophic Mandible: A 3D Finite Element Analysis
Authors: TÜKEL Hüseyin Can , GEÇKİL Nida
Published: April 2023

Purpose
This study aims to compare five implant-supported rehabilitation concepts of an edentulous mandible and determines the most biomechanically advantageous technique.
Materials and methods
Five models with implants in different configurations were created: All-on-4 concept (two anterior axial and two posterior distally curved implants), All-on-4v4 concept (four distal curved interforaminal implants), All-on-4W (two anterior mesial curved interforaminal implants and two posterior distally curved implants), the All-on-3 concept (one anterior axial and two posterior distally curved implants), and the treofil system (three interforaminal implants with titanium bar guide support). For this study, bone-level (4.3 × 13 mm) implants of Nobel Biocare and implants of the treofil system (5 × 13 mm) were used. Spherical loads were applied from the canine and molar regions to evaluate the tension, compression and von Mises stresses by applying 3D finite element analysis.
Results
Among the alternative concepts, treofil system were the most successful treatment option in biomechanical terms. On the other hand, All-on-3 concept was found to be the last method of choice. This was because of the high stresses on cortical and trabecular bones in most conditions.
Conclusion
The result of this study shows that the treophylline system is the most successful treatment option despite its technical details. Alternatively, classical All-on-4 and All-on-4v4 techniques are biomechanically successful treatment options.
The Relationship of Diabetes Mellitus Risk with Well-Being, and Physical Activity among Young Adults
Authors: Ocalan Dilek , Ceylantekin Yesim , Kunduracilar Zuhal , Dogan Turkan
Published: April 2023

Background: The growing prevalence of diabetes mellitus poses a worldwide health risk for young adults. Objective: To investigate the risk of diabetes mellitus, well-being, and physical activity in university students. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 925 university students. Personal Information Form, Finnish Diabetes Risk Score - Type 2 Diabetes Risk Assessment Form, The Well Star Scale, and The international Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form have been used in the study. Results: All the students were classified in a low-risk group for diabetes. Examining lifestyle behaviours among the students, 52.8% did not have regular and balanced dietary habits and 66% did not exercise regularly. In the study, increased levels of physical activity promoted overall scores for well-being. Increased physical activity decreased the risk of diabetes. Significant differences were found in terms of wellbeing, physical activity, and Finnish Diabetes Risk Score scores among students who had regular and balanced eating habits in comparison to those who did not (p<0.05). Conclusion: The students’ levels of well-being have increased, and the risk of diabetes has reduced as their physical activity levels increase. On the contrary, those who did not exercise regularly and did not have a regular dietary habit have an increased risk of diabetes mellitus. There is a need for more studies investigating diabetes risk levels and related variables in young adults
Does the High-fidelity Simulation Experience Impact (Student) Learning Outcomes with the Diabetic Ketoacidosis Patient?
Authors: Blasingame Tabitha , Irons Ann Marie , Miles Kristy
Published: April 2023

Background: Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States (Desai et al., 2018). Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication that warrants immediate nursing intervention. The purpose of this study is to determine if high-fidelity simulation experiences impact student learning outcomes for caring for DKA patients. Methods: The participants had didactic instruction on DKA pathology and nursing care. Before the high-fidelity simulation, the participants received learning objectives and questions to research. The participants completed a pre-stimulation test, participated in the high-fidelity DKA simulation, and then completed the post-simulation test. Results: The results of the study were overall positive. The students demonstrated a 70% increase in choosing the correct answer through pre and post-test analysis. Conclusions: The results of this research demonstrated that including a DKA simulation experience increased the students’ knowledge.
LASALLIAN CARING: PEMBERIAN EDUKASI KESEHATAN TENTANG GERAKAN MASYARAKAT HIDUP SEHAT
Authors: Rakinaung Natalia , Lazar Martinus , Budiawan Helly
Published: April 2023

The Lasallian caring program is an annual community service program which run by the student board of Faculty of Nursing. In 2022, this program provided GERMAS health education to community in Kombos Timur and Kairagi 1 urban village, and also to the entire academic community of De La Salle Catholic University Manado. There were 130 participants in this activity, and 86 participants filled out a questionnaire about health service satisfaction of Lasallian Caring program. From the results of the data analysis of the questionnaire, it was found that the majority of participants rated the services was good (83.7%) and some of them considered the services was sufficient (16.3%). Participants suggested that in the future this activity could be carried out more regularly every month or every two weeks. Furthermore, this activity not only can increase people's knowledge, but also can touch people's hearts, and moreover change people's lives. Therefore, the community will have healthy lifestyles to enhance plenary health degree of Indonesian community.
Educating College Students about Dating Violence Bystander Behaviors: Evaluating an Innovative Animated Intervention
Authors: Herman Micah , O'Brien Karen
Published: April 2023

Due to the extensively social nature of college campuses, peer intervention is a valuable tool for the reduction of college dating violence. While bystander training programs are becoming a common tool for addressing student welfare concerns on college campuses, there is little research evaluating the efficacy of these interventions. The purposes of this study were to revise an online bystander intervention program (STOP Dating Violence; O’Brien et al., 2021) and conduct a randomized controlled trial to test the effectiveness of this revised intervention. Specifically, the intervention was modified and converted into an engaging animated video and then tested for its effectiveness. College students (N=335) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (1) the STOP intervention, (2) a website containing information about dating violence, and (3) a control condition. Students who viewed the STOP Dating Violence video intervention had the greatest knowledge of bystander interventions when compared to the website and control conditions. Thus, the STOP Dating Violence video has potential to successfully educate undergraduates about appropriate bystander interventions for dating violence in a cost effective manner.
Ni plagosus Orbilius, ni pur enseignement positif. Qu’est-ce qu’enseigner?
Authors: Baillifard Ambroise , Bonvin Mélanie
Published: April 2023

Plagosus (« la main leste ») Orbilius, soucieux de faire apprendre à ses élèves plutôt que de leur enseigner, représente le parangon d’un enseignement brutal et centré sur la transmission de connaissances. À l’autre extrémité du spectre des possibles, la pédagogie positive peut pousser l’enseignant à s'effacer afin de permettre à l'étudiant d'apprendre dans un environnement sécurisant et bienveillant. Si plagosus Orbilius n’enseigne pas (puisqu’il fait apprendre), l’enseignement trop soucieux de veiller et de prendre soin peut tout autant de pas enseigner ni garantir l’affranchissement des étudiants. Mais alors qu’est-ce qu’enseigner? C’est un art difficile que la seconde partie de cet article tente de définir.
Ways of improving listening skills in Chinese
Authors: Seitova G. A. , Kunakova K. U. , Musina A. B.
Published: April 2023

The study of Chinese as a foreign language, the formation of foreign language communicative competence in Chinese is a key direction of the modern paradigm of foreign language education based on foreign language competencies. The acquisition of a foreign language is carried out through the types of speech activity. Listening is the most difficult type of speech activity that must be perceived when mastering the Chinese language due to its inherent features. That is why the purpose of our research article was to identify the most common mistakes in learning Chinese, work to eliminate them, identify the approaches used. To achieve this goal and determine the effectiveness of the methods used, experimental work was carried out with students studying Chinese as a foreign language using the numerical research method. According to the results of our research, mistakes made during the hearings are also allowed during pronunciation, and vice versa, mistakes made by students with correct pronunciation lead to their misunderstanding of these sounds during the hearings, in addition, mistakes made during the hearings are systematized, ways of solving them are proposed and according to the methods used, students of the experimental group they showed a higher indicator than the students of the control group.
Pembuatan Tepung Umbi Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) Berkualitas Tinggi Sebagai Bahan Baku Ekstraksi Glukomanan
Authors: Amyranti Mutia , Nurlatifah Ismi
Published: April 2023

One of Indonesia's forest products is porang tubers (Amorphophallus Oncophyllus). Porang tuber is a food plant that has a potential source of glucomannan. Post-harvest processing is one of the main problems in obtaining optimal glucomannan levels in porang tubers. This study aims to obtain high quality porang tuber flour by increasing the glucomannan content in porang tuber flour. The research method used was the soaking technique on porang tuber chips before being processed into porang flour. The solvent (anti-browning agent) used as an immersion in this study was sodium metabisulfite with a concentration of 2%, 5% and 7.5% and ascorbic acid with a concentration of 2%, 5% and 7.5%. The length of immersion time in this study was 3 hours (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes). The results showed that the immersion technique carried out tend to have a real effect on increasing glucomannan levels. The best glucomannan content obtained was in the immersion treatment using sodium metabisulfite at a concentration of 7.5% with an immersion time of 180 minutes of 88.20% and the immersion treatment using ascorbic acid at a concentration of 5% with an immersion time of 150 minutes of 79.45%. The best characteristics of porang tuber flour from the results of the analysis showed the contents of water, protein, fat, carbohydrates and ash respectively were 12.758%, 7.039%, 0.926%, 73.111% and 0.988%.The soaking process using an anti-browning agent can increase glucomannan content as an increase in the selling value of porang flour.
Comparison of Strength, Surface Quality and Cost of Different Additive Manufacturing Methods
Authors: SOFU Mehmet Mahir , VAROL ÖZKAVAK Hatice , BACAK Selim , FENKLİ Mehmet
Published: April 2023

Additive manufacturing is a manufacturing method that includes systems that produce using many different methods. The most widely used and accessible methods of additive manufacturing can be listed as Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) and UV light assisted Stereolithography (SLA). Today, it is quite easy to produce thermoplastic products suitable for direct use in low quantities with these three methods. In addition, the production success of the parts produced in geometric difficulties also increases this demand. The most important problem is the lack of sufficient studies and information about the strength limits, surface quality and costs of the parts produced for additive manufacturing methods with such advantages. In this study, the comparison of three different production methods in terms of surface roughness, strength and cost is discussed in order to eliminate this deficiency in the literature. For this purpose, the tensile strength and surface roughness values of the samples produced using FDM, SLS and SLA methods were determined. In addition, cost analyzes were made depending on the production time of the produced samples. In the study, the lowest cost was obtained in the SLA material with a value of $ 0.19. Again, the lowest values were obtained for the samples produced from SLA material, with a production time of 17 minutes and a surface roughness of 1.96µm compared to other methods. However, when evaluated in terms of strength, the highest strength value was obtained as 57.67 N/mm2 in the FDM method.
Importance of Spectral Properties of Viscous Flux Discretization and Gradient-Based Reconstruction Approach
Authors: Chamarthi Amareshwara Sainadh
Published: April 2023

In this talk, I present the importance of viscous flux discretization for a wide variety of flows and the novel gradient-based reconstruction approach.

First, I will present our observations regarding viscous flux discretization. While investigating nonlinear instability encountered in a high-resolution viscous shock-tube simulation, we have discovered that using an appropriate viscous scheme is important in preventing spurious oscillations around shocks. The existing viscous scheme of Shen and Zha and α-damping scheme are used for the simulations. Even though both schemes are sixth-order accurate, the α-damping approach gave superior results and is free of oscillations. The main difference between both schemes is in the spectral properties. It was concluded that having good spectral properties (high-frequency damping) is essential. We extended this idea further to turbulent shock-free flows, where we studied six different methods, divided into two classes, with poor and better representation of spectral properties at high wavenumbers. Both theoretical and numerical results have revealed that the method with better properties at high wavenumbers, denoted as α-damping type discretization, produced superior solutions compared to the other methods for the viscous Taylor-Green vortex test case.

Second, I will present the Gradient-Based Reconstruction (GBR) approach for the convective fluxes. The original idea was to compute the gradients once and re-use them in both viscous and inviscid fluxes, and the importance of viscous fluxes was an observation. GBR is a novel approach for computing the cell interface values using gradients. Problem-independent shock-capturing techniques are considered, and the results for the benchmark cases are presented. It is observed that the proposed methods produced significantly better results than the existing methods. Furthermore, the GBR approach is efficient as the gradients are shared between several subroutines. Even for convective fluxes, the spectral properties might be more important than the order of accuracy alone.

Finally, I will briefly present various applications where these methods are used.
A BRIEF REVIEW ON THE INFLUENCE OF FLAG LEAF ON CEREALS PRODUCTION
Authors: RĂDOI Denis Marian , BONCIU Elena , PĂUNESCU Gabriela , ROȘCULETE Cătălin Aurelian , ROȘCULETE Elena
Published: April 2023

Production in cereal crops is due to some complex physiological and biochemical processes, but is essentially associated with the process of carbohydrate accumulation in the grain filling phase which in turn is attributed to leaf functionalities. A critical stage in the development of wheat plants is the emergence of the final leaf called the flag leaf.  At this point the emphasis of management needs to shift to its protection as the flag leaf is critical for attaining high grain yields. Unlike other leaves in the reproductive phase, flag leaves are the main organ for photosynthesis, providing the main assimilated source for plant growth and spike development and also for sensing environmental conditions conducive to adaptation. This short review aims to analyse some of the most important results from the specialized literature regarding the influence of the flag leaf on cereal production. The main documentation platforms were Google Scholar and Web of Science. The importance of the flag leaf in generating yield in grains is without dispute. Protecting the flag leaf is critical to attaining high yields. The vigil starts as soon as growers are able to recognize when the flag begins to emerge.
THE PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS
Authors: BĂBEANU Cristina
Published: April 2023

In the present study, the infusions from six medicinal plants have been evaluated in terms of their polyphenols content and antioxidant activity. The plants selected for this study are the following: elder (Sambucusnigra), chamomile (Chamomillaegermanicaeflos), sage (Salvia officinale), mistletoe (Viscum album), lemon balm (Melissa oficinalis), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia). The investigated samples show a wide variation in the values obtained both for the antioxidant capacity and for the content of total phenolic compounds. The values obtained for the content of phenolic compounds vary between 87.93 μg gallic acid equivalent/mL (mistletoe) and 984.33 μg gallic acid equivalent/mL (chamomile) and increase in the order of mistletoe < chamomile < lavender < sage <elder < lemon balm. All investigated samples show high values of antioxidant activity against the DPPH radical. The results indicate the highest antioxidant activity for lemon balm. The values vary between 1.05 and 14.63 μM Trolox equivalent /mL infusion and decrease in the order: lemon balm, sage, lavender, elder, chamomile, mistletoe. The high content of phenolic compounds of these medicinal plants can explain their use in the therapy of many disease.
ASSESSMENT OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS LOAD LEVEL IN SOILS COLLECTED FROM RESIDENTIAL AREAS
Authors: PREDA Mihaela , TĂNASE Veronica , VRÎNCEANU Nicoleta Olimpia , MOTELICĂ Dumitru Marian , CARABULEA Vera
Published: April 2023

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are listed as a class of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) under the Stockholm Convention. PCBs represent a threat to human health and environment because of their toxicity, persistence, and tendency to bio-accumulate at the top of the food chain. Additionally, some PCBs are suspected carcinogens. Because of their chemical stability and their excellent electrical insulation and thermal conductive properties, PCBs have been used in widespread industrial, commercial and domestic applications. The aim of this study is to establish the load level of these compounds in soils from residential areas. The soil samples were collected from gardens, parks and households located in Bucharest. The interest compounds (PCB with IUPAC number 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, 180) were extracted from soil with organic solvents (hexane: acetone = 1:1) and analysed by gas chromatography with electron capture detector. The analytical results show that the most abundant compounds were those with a high degree of chlorination. The total content of PCBs ranged between 0.0004 mg/kg and 0.028 mg/kg, so values of concentration that are not exceed the alert threshold (0.25 mg/kg).
UPTAKE OF MICROELEMENTSINOILSEED RAPE PLANTS UNDER MINERAL FERTILIZATION WITH NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS
Authors: TĂNASE Veronica , VRÎNCEANU Nicoleta , PREDA Mihaela , PREDA Mihaela , MOTELICĂ Dumitru Marian , COSTEA Mihaela , URSAN Patrick Andrei
Published: April 2023

With a large and growing demand in the market, rapeseed (Brassica napus subsp. napus.) is a crop with relatively high requirements for macronutrient fertilization. The aim of the experiment was to study the effect of mineral fertilization with different doses of nitrogen and phosphorus on the accumulation of microelements in the vegetative organs and grains of oilseed rape plants.The experiment was carried out in the long-term experimental fields of SCDA Livada. There were taken and analyzed 96 plant samples and the results were statistically processed. Fertilization with nitrogen and phosphorus led to statistically assured changes in the contents of microelements, mostly in the aerial parts of the rapeseed. Regarding their accumulation in the grain, there were obtained variations of contents that were not significant to all doses of fertilizer applied. The conclusions of the experiments showed that the evaluation of contents of manganese, iron, zinc, and copper in rapeseed plants can help in choosing the optimal dose of mineral fertilizers in order to assure balanced microelement composition in plants and thus, consequently to avoid their deficiency.
COMBINED USE OF SOLID AND LIQUID FERTILIZERS TO IMPROVE YIELD AND QUALITY OF WHEAT CROPS IN URZICUTA,DOLJ COUNTY
Authors: ZAFIU Carmen Madalina , MIHALACHE Mircea
Published: April 2023

This research is important because there is a good time to apply each type of fertilizer and it is necessary to know it, as well as to interact these fertilizations of the wheat with the phytosanitary treatment. The fertilizer doses can vary from one crop to another, but even so the main purpose is to ensure correct fertilization, without recording losses of products in the soil and, finally, with maximum production effects. As for the fertilizer dosage, it varies depending on the type of soil and how much nitrogen it contains, why fertilizers were applied to the fertilization in autumn, the planned production and the financial needs of the farmer involved.

In Romania in recent years, agriculture has seen a continuous development and therefore the productions have increased, of course, except for the situations in which drought has changed this course of things. We can see if we look at the statistics as wheat production increased from 1,541 to /ha in 2007 to 4,8 to ha in 2018 and the trend is increasing if the pedo-climatic conditions help us. The fertilizers used play an important role in this equation. For example, in Urzicuța, Dolj County, several ways of fertilizing the wheat have been experimented on several ha in order to observe the correlation between the economic benefits obtained, the quality of the wheat obtained and the quantity. Fertilization with liquid nitrogen and solid nitrogen plus other elements proved to be the most efficient both in terms of the production obtained and the cost of production.
SOME CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING THE EVOLUTION OF FOOD PRICES AT NATIONAL LEVEL(2016-2020)
Authors: PÂNZARU Radu Lucian , MEDELETE Dragoș Mihai
Published: April 2023

The paper seeks to present the evolution in dynamics of indices, consumer prices, for food products (milling and bakery products; fruits and canned fruits; vegetables and canned vegetables; oils and fats; eggs; meat, meat preparations and canned meat; fish and canned fish; milk and dairy products; sugar and sugary products, honey, alcoholic beverages, cocoa and coffee, other food products),  at national level and at the same time makes a comparative look with the other groups of marketed products (non-food goods; services). For the period 2016-2020, there are variations in the average, consumer price indices (in the case of food products) from 100.95% for cocoa and coffee, to 105.62% in the case of eggs. The situation of the average levels of the consumer price index, by groups of products, it can be seen that the maximum level occurs in food products (103.23%), followed by the general level (102.43%), non-food goods (102.26%) and services (101.54%).
RESEARCH ON THE CURRENT SITUATION IN THE FIELD OF AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE
Authors: STANA Petrică , VLADU Marius
Published: April 2023

Sub-measure 17.1 is aimed at risk management at farm level and was introduced to help farmers compensate for their costs of establishing crops if these crops were affected. In this paper, the situation on the market of insurance companies and the evolution of agricultural insurance in the period 2016-2020 were studied, the situation of accessing the funds used to support risk management and risk prevention at farm level, a study was carried out at the national level, and for the South Development Region – West Oltenia, a thorough analysis was made regarding the situations of the funding requests of this sub-measure. During this period, 8,196 funding applications were requested at national level, with a value of non-refundable support of 72,846,032.80 lei, of which 6,720 funding requests with a value of non-refundable support of 58,711,579.18 lei were eligible, 1157 with a value of non-refundable support of 11,432,329.26 lei were ineligible, and 319 with a value of non-refundable support of 2,702,124.36 lei were withdrawn. In the South - West Oltenia Region, they submitted and financed , in the analyzed period 2019 – 2020 a total of 585 funding applications. From the total of 585 funding requests selected for payment, in this analysis period, 2019-2020, the most were in Dolj county with a total of 353 funding requests, in second place is Olt county with 162 funding requests, followed by Vâlcea, Mehedinți and Gorj counties with 35, 33 and 2 funding requests, respectively
Alkitab dan Eskatologi dalam Fakta, Signifikansi dan Awasan
Authors: Zega Fati Aro
Published: April 2023

The number of untrue news in Christian life about the coming of the Lord is a problem and theological debate that never ends, but in fact the eschatological reality will occur, both individually and cosmically, starting with the second coming of Christ. The certainty of Christ's return is confirmed by God itself and many texts in the New Testament. Although various opinions and interpretations arise in interpreting the biblical descriptions of the event, the certainty will not be delayed or interrupted by anything or anyone. Using descriptive qualitative methods in a literature study approach, it can be concluded that the importance of this teaching about the coming of the Lord Jesus is primarily to provide comfort, which motivates the faithful to persist, be faithful and serve. Reminders to be careful in setting priorities in life and maintaining clean behavior. This teaching also encourages God's people to grow and become God's witnesses in the world. As for those who have drifted away, they are invited to turn around and repent. However, this teaching also needs to be given caution, so as not to be trapped in extreme attitudes, maniacs or phobias. Every Bible truth must be accepted and needs to be examined with care and vigilance, so that God's people do not lose their blessings.AbstrakBanyaknya berita yang tidak benar dalam kehidupan kekristenan tentang kedatangan Tuhan menjadi permasalahan dan perdebatan teologis yang tak pernah selesai, namun sejatinya Realitas eskatologis akan terjadi, baik secara individual maupun kosmis, dimulai dari kedatangan Kristus yang kedua. Kepastian kembalinya Kristus itu ditegaskan oleh Tuhan sendiri dan banyak teks dalam Perjanjian Baru. Sekalipun berbagai silang pandangan dan tafsiran muncul dalam menafsirkan gembaran-gambaran Alkitab tentang peristiwa itu, namun kepastiannya tidak akan ditunda atau diinterupsi oleh apa pun atau siapa pun. Menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dalam pendekatan studi literatur dapat disimpulkan bahwa pentingnya ajaran tentang kedatangan Tuhan Yesus ini yang terutama adalah memberi penghiburan, yang memotivasi umat beriman untuk tetap bertahan, setia dan melayani. Mengingatkan untuk berhati-hati dalam menetapkan prioritas hidup dan menjaga tingkah laku yang bersih. Pengajaran ini juga mendorong umat Tuhan untuk bertumbuh dan menjadi saksi Tuhan di dunia. Sedangkan bagi orang-orang yang sudah menjauh diajak untuk berbalik dan bertobat. Namun ajaran ini juga perlu diberi awasan, agar jangan terjebak kepada sikap yang ekstrem, maniak atau fobia. Setiap kebenaran Alkitab harus diterima dan perlu ditelisik dengan hati-hati dan berwaspada, agar umat Tuhan tidak kehilangan berkat-berkatnya.