bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHEMICAL SPACE ANALYSIS AND PROPERTY PREDICTION FOR CARBON CAPTURE AMINE MOLECULES
Authors: McDonagh James , Zavitsanou Stamatia , Harrison Alexander , Zubarev Dimitry , Wunsch Benjamin , van Kessel Theordore , Cipcigan Flaviu
Published: May 2023

Carbon capture and storage is part of the roadmap towards net zero for many countries around the world, since emissions from existing infrastructure are close to estimated carbon budgets. To address this problem, currently 87 carbon capture projects are proposed worldwide in the next 10 years. A major class of commercial carbon capture technology involves capture systems using solvents. Commonly carbon capture solvents feature blends of amines and water. Whilst these blends have proved valuable there is an increasing need to identify new candidate molecules which are more efficient and improve performance. Systematic approaches to improve on the current technology are now needed with increasing urgency to expedite the introduction of cutting edge carbon capture methods. Here, we present a chemical space analysis of amines and carbon capture usage. We proceed to show a framework for computational screening relevant to carbon capture solvents. We demonstrate the use of cloud computing, novel molecular representations and machine learning to screen potential candidates. We show the utility of machine learning in this field for high throughput virtual screening with an exemplar application to absorption capacity classification. Additionally, we highlight the need for improved data awareness and accessibility to enable this field to advance at a pace commensurate to its global importance. Our research brings together multiple methods and domains of expertise to accelerate the discovery of carbon capture solvents.
Classification of Tastants: A Deep Learning Based Approach
Authors: Dutta Prantar , Jain Deepak , Gupta Rakesh , Rai Beena
Published: May 2023

Predicting the taste of molecules is of critical importance in the food and beverages, flavor, and pharmaceutical industries for the design and screening of new tastants. In this work, we have built deep learning models to classify sweet, bitter, and umami molecules— the three basic tastes whose sensation is mediated by G protein-coupled receptors. An extensive dataset containing 1466 bitter, 1764 sweet, and 238 umami tastants was curated from existing literature. We analyzed the chemical characteristics of the molecules, with special focus on the presence of different functional groups. A deep neural network model based on molecular descriptors and a graph neural network model were trained for taste prediction. The class imbalance due to fewer umami molecules was tackled using special sampling techniques. Both models show comparable performance during evaluation, but the graph-based model can learn task-specific representations from the molecular structure without requiring handcrafted features. We further explain the deep neural network predictions using Shapley additive explanations. Finally, we demonstrated the applicability of the models by screening bitter, sweet, and umami molecules from a large food database. This study develops an in-silico approach to classify molecules based on their taste by leveraging the recent progress in deep learning, which can serve as a powerful tool for tastant design.
Hydrophobic Hydration of the Hydrocarbon Adamantane in Amorphous Ice
Authors: Talewar Sukhpreet , Pardo Luis Carlos , Headen Thomas , Halukeerthi Siriney , Chikani Bharvi , Rosu-Finsen Alexander , Salzmann Christoph
Published: May 2023

Hydrophobic molecules are by definition difficult to hydrate. Previous studies in the area of hydrophobic hydration have therefore often relied on using amphiphilic molecules where the hydrophilic part of a molecule enabled the solubility in liquid water. Here we show that the hydrophobic adamantane (C10H16) molecule can be fully hydrated through vapour codeposition with water onto a cryogenic substrate at 80 K resulting in the matrix isolation of adamantane in amorphous ice. Using neutron diffraction in combination with the isotopic substitution method and the empirical potential structure refinement technique, we find that the first hydration shell of adamantane is well structured consisting of a hydrogen-bonded cage of 28 water molecules. The four hexagonal faces of the new 51264 cage with tetrahedral point-group symmetry are situated above the four methine (CH) groups of adamantane whereas the methylene (CH2) groups are positioned below the edges of two adjoining pentagonal faces. The oxygen atoms of the 28 water molecules can be categorised on the basis of symmetry equivalences as twelve A, twelve B and four C oxygens. The water molecules of the first hydration shell display orientations consistent with those expected for a clathrate-hydrate-type cage, but also unfavourable ones with respect to the hydrogen bonding between the water molecules. Annealing the samples at 140 K, which is just below the crystallisation temperature of the matrix, removes the unfavourable orientations and leads to a slight increase of the structural order of the first hydration shell. The very closest water molecules display a tendency for their dipole moments to point towards the adamantane which is attributed to steric effects. Other than this, no significant polarisation effects are observed which is consistent with weak interactions between adamantane and the amorphous ice matrix. FT-IR spectroscopy shows that the incorporation of adamantane into amorphous ice leads to a weakening of the hydrogen bonds. In summary, the matrix-isolation of the highly symmetric adamantane in amorphous ice provides an interesting test case for hydrophobic hydration. Studying the structure and spectroscopic properties of water at the interface with hydrophobic hydrocarbons is also relevant for astrophysical environments, such as comets or the interstellar medium, where amorphous ice and hydrocarbons have been shown to coexist in large quantities.
Omicron P132H of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro is an allosteric mutant involved in modulating the dynamics of catalytic site entry loop
Authors: Bhat Zahoor Ahmad , Khan Mohd Muzammil , Iqbal Jawed , Rehman Ayyub , Madhumalar Arumugam
Published: May 2023

Dynamic allostery without conformational changes is well established in CoV-2 main protease, Mpro, where distal sidechain dynamics and ligand binding have shown to affect the catalytic efficiency. Understanding this allosteric regulation of CoV-2 Mpro is essential for designing Mpro specific drugs. Also, in the context of viral variants/evolution, where mutation at a distal site may alter the catalytic site dynamics, hence enzymatic activity; a probable drug evading mechanism of Mpro. One of the predominant Mpro mutations of Omicron variant is Pro132His. Structurally, this mutation site is located ~22 Å away from the catalytic site. The solved crystal structure of this mutant in complex with inhibitors, as well as the reported catalytic efficiency didn’t show any difference with respect to the wild type. Thus, it is concluded to be non-allosteric. In this present work, based on the microsecond long Molecular Dynamics simulation of this Pro132His mutant and wild type, we show that Pro132His mutation affects the conformational equilibrium, with more population of conformational substates having open catalytic site, modulated by the dynamics of the catalytic site entry loop; implying the allosteric nature of this mutant. This population shift of open conformers is reflected in the increase in reported KM values of FRET assays, though its catalytic efficiency is comparable to that of wild type. Further, the structural analysis of microsecond simulation data indicates that rearrangement of hydrogen bonds between His132 and adjacent residues enhances the dynamics of the linker, which in turn is aggravated by the inherent dynamic flexibility of the catalytic pocket entry site. This inherent dynamics of catalytic pocket entry site is due to the fluctuating electrostatics brought out mainly by the charged residues of turns (Glu47, Asp48) and α2 helix (Glu55, Asp56, Arg60, Lys61) spanning the catalytic pocket entry site and base. This in turn results in the loss of key hydrogen bond between residues Met49-Gln189 and Asp187-Tyr54 of catalytic site, followed by the opening of the catalytic pocket entry site. Thus, Tyr54 could play possible role of being a gate keeper residue. Altered dynamics lead to loss of secondary structures corroborate well with the reported compromised thermal stability of this mutant. This study stands out as an example for how allosteric mutant can modulate the dynamics of protein, probably for its functional diversification.
Surface Defect Healing in Annealing from Nanoporous Carbons to Nanoporous Graphenes
Authors: Yamazaki Kaoru , Goto Shunsuke , Yamamoto Masanori
Published: May 2023

Nanoporous graphene (NPG) materials have the pronounced electrochemical stability of the seamless graphene structures developed over the 3D space. We revisited the Raman spectra of nanoporous carbons (NPCs) synthesized using θ- /γ-Al2O3 templates and NPGs converted from NPCs by annealing at 1800 ºC to identify the type and density of defects. We found that both the NPCs and NPGs mostly consist of single-layered graphene with a few single vacancies and Stone‒Wales defects. The density of vacancy defect per hexagon in the graphene is estimated to be 10‒2 for NPCs, while the annealing reduced the value to 10‒3 for NPGs, supporting the outstanding stability of the novel materials.
GraphVAMPnets for Uncovering Slow Collective Variables of Self-Assembly Dynamics
Authors: Liu Bojun , Xue Mingyi , Qiu Yunrui , Konovalov Kirill , O’Connor Michael , Huang Xuhui
Published: May 2023

Uncovering slow collective variables (CVs) of self-assembly dynamics is important to elucidate its numerous kinetic assembly pathways and drive the design of novel structures for advanced materials through the bottom-up approach. However, identifying the CVs for self-assembly presents several challenges. First, self-assembly systems often consist of identical monomers and the feature representations should be invariant to permutations and rotational symmetries. Physical coordinates, such as aggregate size, lack the high-resolution detail, while common geometric coordinates like pairwise distances are hindered by the permutation and rotational symmetry challenge. Second, self-assembly is usually a downhill process, and the trajectories often suffer from insufficient sampling of backward transitions that correspond to the dissociation of self-assembled structures. Popular dimensionality reduction methods, like tICA, impose detailed balance constraints, potentially obscuring the true dynamics of self-assembly. In this work, we employ GraphVAMPnets which combines graph neural networks with variational approach for Markovian process (VAMP) theory to identify the slow CVs of the self-assembly processes. First, GraphVAMPnets bears the advantages of graph neural networks, in which the graph embeddings can represent self-assembly structures in a high-resolution while being invariant to permutations and rotational symmetries. Second, it is built upon VAMP theory that studies Markov processes without forcing detailed balance constraint, which addresses the out-of-equilibrium challenge in self-assembly process. We demonstrate GraphVAMPnets for identifying slow CVs of self-assembly kinetics in two systems: aggregation of two hydrophobic molecules and self-assembly of patchy particles. We expect that our GraphVAMPnets can be widely to applied to molecular self-assembly.
Uplatnenie manažmentu rizík a krízového manažmentu v športovom podnikaní
Authors:   University of Žilina, Buganová Katarína , Hudáková Mária , Furiak Kristián
Published: May 2023

This article focuses on the need to apply the principles and procedures of risk management and crisis management as tools for increasing resilience and responsiveness in the environment of sports organizations and sports entrepreneurs. In this context, risk management is seen as a prevention tool. Crisis management, on the other hand, plays the role of a means aimed at the ability to respond correctly to an incipient or ongoing crisis to minimize its negative effects. In the first part, the article points out the specifics of the environment in which sports organizations operate and in which sports entrepreneurs carry out their business activities. In the second part, the article discusses the roles of crisis management and risk management in the phase of prevention and response to crises and, above all, their specific impact on the environment of sports organizations. Based on the above, the article shows how it is appropriate to implement the described procedures and processes so that they correspond as closely as possible to the specific requirements of organizations and optimize their functioning in this environment.
Vyhodnocení součinitele adheze vybraných pneumatik pro zásahový požární automobil
Authors:   University of Žilina, Jánošík Ladislav , Jánošíková Ivana , Poledňák Pavel , Šudrychová Izabela
Published: May 2023

The paper summarizes the results of testing and evaluation of the suitability of three selected types of tires for emergency fire trucks at units of the Fire and Rescue Service of the Czech Republic. The testing focused on determining the coefficient of adhesion in the longitudinal and lateral directions of the vehicle. In the longitudinal direction, data were obtained during braking manoeuvres. The actual braking distances and stopping times were measured. From these data, a braking deceleration and a theoretical coefficient of adhesion were calculated by a company's software. To determine the operating acceleration values in the lateral direction, measurements were made on a circular track with three given internal radii. The results of the measurements were used as one of the bases for determining a methodical procedure for performing tests of the functional tire properties for emergency fire trucks, especially water tenders, used by the Fire and Rescue Service of the Czech Republic.
Metodika získavania vonkajšej geometrie segmentov novej generácie skúšobnej figuríny
Authors:   University of Žilina, Adamová Veronika , Kolla Eduard
Published: May 2023

The article presents the fulfilment of a partial goal of the research project focused on developing and constructing a biofidelic surrogate of the human body to improve the forensic reconstruction of road traffic accidents. It aims to describe the methods and results of acquiring external geometry of segments of crash test dummy Hybrid III. To create a precise spatial representation of dummy segments, we applied 3D laser scanning using the handheld 3D scanner VIUscan Handyscan 3D. The workflow, used material and application of software support are closely described in the methodical part of the article. The results present 3D models of significant material for the continuous fulfilment of project goals. In the follow-up activities, we will use dummy external geometry data, particularly to develop molds for casting segments of new-generation synthetic human body surrogates.
Mobilné modulárne centrum pre riadenie hraníc v krízových situáciách
Authors:   University of Žilina, Košč Ivan , Odler Robert , Galba Juraj , Koščová Michaela , Gebeová Klára
Published: May 2023

The presented research aims to solve the problematics of the international migration management in the way of a Mobile modular center research and development. The general aim of the proposed Mobile modular center for the crisis management of the international migration is to design an optimal set-up and system arrangement containing a precisely specified series of ecessary workplaces providing a high degree of variability and configurability into the required functional cluster. Concept of the mobile, modular system is based on the sophistically modified standardized units (shipping container type of unit). Depending on the nature of the crise situation (a natural disaster, a major industrial accident, a pandemic, a migration wave, a state of threat, a state of war, etc.), it is possible to build an ideal complex of the workplace modules for management, control and diagnostics of people in the most optimal geographical location in relation to the currently solved crisis.
Periodic boundary value problem for the graph differential equation and the matrix differential equation
Authors: J. Vasundhara Devi  , S.Srinivasa Rao  , I.S.N.R.G.Bharat
Published: May 2023

A network can be represented by graph which is isomorphic to its adjacency matrix. Thus the analysis of networks involving rate of change with respect to time reduces to the study of graph differential equations and its associated matrix differential equations. In this paper we develop monotone iterative technique for graph differential equations and its associated matrix differential equations using Periodic boundary value problem.
Approximating solutions of nonlinear second order ordinary differential equations via Dhage iteration principle
Authors: B. C. Dhage  , S. B. Dhage  , S. K. Ntouyas
Published: May 2023

In this paper the authors prove algorithms for the existence as well as approximation of the solutions for an initial and a periodic boundary value problem of nonlinear second order ordinary differential equations. The main results rely on the Dhage iteration principle embodied in a recent hybrid fixed point theorem of Dhage (2013) in the partially ordered normed linear spaces and the numerical solution of the considered equations is obtained under weaker mixed partial continuity and partial Lipschitz conditions. Our hypotheses and results are also illustrated by some numerical examples.
$n$-power quasi-isometry and $n$-power normal composition operators on $L^2$-spaces
Authors: P. Vijayalakshmi  , J. Stella Irene Mary
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we give the characterizations of n-power Quasi-isometry and n-power normal composition operators. Further, we also discuss the characterization of the n-power Quasi-isometry composite multiplication operator.
Some integral inequalities of fractional quantum type
Authors: Pshtiwan Othman Mohammed
Published: May 2023

In this work, some of the most important fractional integral inequalities involving the Riemann Liouville are extended to quantum calculus on the specific time scale $\mathbb{T}_{t_0}=\left\{t: t=t_0 q^n, n\right.$ a nonnegative integer $\} \cup$ $\{0\}$, where $t_0 \in \mathbb{R}$ and $0<q<1$.
A note on inventory model for perishable items with trapezoidal type market demand and time-varying holding cost under partial backlogging
Authors: Smrutirekha Debta  , Milu Acharya
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we studied an inventory model for perishable items with time dependent trapezoidal type demand. Shortages are allowed and partially backlogged with a constant rate. Holding cost is assumed to be linearly dependent with time. The rate of deterioration of the items dependent on both time and life of the products. The numerical solution of the model is obtained. Sensitivity analysis is performed to show the effect of changes in the parameter on the optimum solution.
The Performance Characteristics and Cultural Significance of “Nondeureongbatdeureong” Pungmul in Gongju Region
Authors:   National Gugak Center, Lee Jeongwook
Published: May 2023

This paper examines the activities of the traditional performing arts group “Nondureongbatdureong” in the Gongju region, focusing on the reenactment nature of village pungmul music and the changing paths of its transmission within the cultural heritage of the region. In pre-modern society, pungmul was transmitted primarily through specialized performing groups and villages known as “Durepungjang.” However, with the dissolution of Dure, village pungmul-gut gradually lost its transmission power. Pungmul of specialized performing groups, centered around Ttunssoe, can be seen as having established its lineage and achieved “branding” through the intangible cultural heritage system. Among village pungmul-gut, those selected as intangible cultural heritage has formed another brand centered around preservation societies. As a result, this particular branded pungmul has established itself as a distinct brand and secured its transmission power through various preservation and hobbyist associations, primarily located in urban areas.
The traditional performing arts group “Nondeureongbatdeureong,” established in 2006, operates at the intersection between branded pungmul and village pungmul.
Based in the Gongju region of Chungcheongnam-do, the group engages in performances rooted in Dure Pungjanggarak. The majority of its members are elderly individuals aged 60 and above. It aims to represent a “traditional performing arts group” by reenacting the folk culture and heritage passed down in the Gongju region.
The activities of Nondeureongbatdeureong can be categorized into performance activities and transmission activities. In their performance activities, they focus on showcasing village pungmul , but they go beyond simply reenacting Village Pungjanggarak. They also intend to convey the intrinsic value that village pungmul holds. As for their transmission activities, they consistently engage in educational activities by visiting local elementary schools. The purpose of Nondeureongbatdeureong is not to cultivate new artists through elementary school education but rather to expose local elementary students to the village pungmul of their region, even if it is just once. These performance and transmission activities embody the founding purpose of Nondeureongbatdeureong, which is to pursue the concept of “Nosodongrak (enjoyment of all ages together)” as stated in their mission statement.
This paper examines the activities of Nondeureongbatdeureong within the context of the transmission patterns of pungmul culture in the Gongju region. It holds significance as it provides a condensed representation of the broader transmission patterns of Korean pungmul. Through the activities of Nondeureongbatdeureong , it aims to explore new directions in the transmission patterns of pungmul culture.
A Plan for Traditional Percussion Education Utilizing "Byeoldalgeori" in Elementary School
Authors:   National Gugak Center, Park Heeyun
Published: May 2023

'Byeoldalgeori' is a rearranged piece based on Yeongnam nongak . Not only Jinju-Samcheonpo nongak 's 'Byeolgutnori', which is directly mentioned as the background of the creation of 'Byeoldalgeori', but also Geumneung Bitnae nongak's 'Panan dadeuraegi (sorigut )' are closely related to 'Byeoldalgeori'. This study compares and analyzes the musical composition and characteristics between the three musical pieces and examines musical expressions of the percussions shown in nongak (also called pungmul ; percussion ensemble music) and samulnori (a modernized version of pungmul ). Thus, it aims to find educational plans that can be used for elementary students to learn traditional percussions.
In order to examine the musical composition and characteristics of samulnori and nongak, this study divides the entire piece into instrumental and vocal elements to explore musical characteristics and effects. In addition, it grasps the structure of the jangdan (rhythmic patterns) by identifying it with sobak (lit. small beat; subdivided beat) and bak (beat) according to the rhythmic structure, and analyzes phrases and whole pieces based on the rhythmic type.
As a result, the musical composition and characteristics are derived as follows.
First of all, both nongak and samulnori include vocal and instrumental elements, which are arranged in a balanced way, based on hwimori jangdan (four beats with duple subdivisions). Vocal elements include lines, slogans, and rhymes, each of which plays a role of giving signals, praying for wishes, and conveying daily situations, respectively, enriching the contents of the music. The rhythm patterns of hwimori jangdan can be seen as variations, and they form a musical phrases such as a type of one jangdan (one jangdan periodically), a type of dual jangdans (two contrasting jangdans periodically), and a stereotyped type (the fixed number of jangdans with the fixed rhythmic patterns and order periodically). The style of call and response and the style according to hanbae (tempo) in an entire piece are found.
This study proposes an educational plan using the musical expressions of Korean traditional percussion music. First, in terms of vocal elements, learners can express various contents in slogans, and rhymes to match hwimori jangdan . Second, in terms of instrumental elements, they can learn various rhythm patterns of hwimori jangdan and then make various musical phrases combining them in a new way.
Third, they can properly arrange vocal and instrumental elements and introduce the style of call and response to make the entire piece well-structured. Lastly, they can properly utilize the function of conventional hwimori jangdan to realize the form according to hanbae in the entire piece.
PENGEMBANGAN KREATIF POTENSI ALAM DESA SESAOT MELALUI WORKSHOP ECOPRINT
Authors: Safitri Nurmayanggi Aulia , Alfarizi Alfarizi , Amelia Annisa Putri , Prameswari Dinda Febyan , Ramdhan Ilham , Hakim Mia Safira , Hapsari Mufidatul Ghina , Al Qodri Mustofa , Sajiman Rifki Rahardian , Azuandira Septiawan , Maharani Thahira Adela
Published: May 2023

Sesaot Village is a village that has abundant natural resources and can be used as a business opportunity from the abundance of natural resources in Sesaot Village, but entrepreneurship development in Sesaot Village is still relatively minimal, meaning that the many natural potentials that can be processed into a product are not matched by further development initiatives. This is based on the lack of education and knowledge of the local community in making and producing a product that has economic value. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out ecoprint workshops that add skills and knowledge in processing the potential of natural resources in Sesaot village and can become an innovative and creative business idea for the community. To achieve this goal, activities are carried out by delivering material and direct practice. As a result of a series of activities that have been carried out, the community is able to process the potential of natural resources in Sesaot village into an innovative and creative product using the ecoprint technique.
Single Marker Analysis for Oil Yield and Component Traits in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors:   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, B K Anitha , N Manivannan ,   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, C R Anandakumar ,   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, K Ganesamurthy ,   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003
Published: May 2023

In groundnut, marker-trait association was studied for ten yield and yield component traits using 60 SSR markers. Single marker analysis was performed to ascertain the relationship between the marker and traits. The genotype and phenotype of 71 F 2:3 population were subjected to single marker analysis (SMA) using single factor regression analysis. A total of 20 markers gave significant association with at least one of the 10 traits studied. Most of the markers were found to be related to more than one trait. The results indicated that markers PGP03A08 and SEQ11HO1 weight recorded about 12.8 and 9.6 per cent phenotypic variance explained for the trait 100- kernel weight and number of branches per plant. In addition, these markers also showed association with other traits. Marker PGP03A08 was also associated with 100-pod weight, pod yield per plant, kernel yield per plant and oil yield per plant. Similarly other markers viz., SEQ4EO8, Ah2562, GM1369, Ah51, PMc348 and GM1369 had recorded association with more traits. Hence, these markers could be considered as a potential tool in the marker assisted breeding in groundnut.
In vitro Hydroponic Studies on Root Characters for Drought Resistance Assessment in Rice
Authors:   Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai - 625 104, S Rajkumar , S M Ibrahim ,   Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai - 625 104, R P Gnanamalar ,   Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai - 625 104
Published: May 2023

In order to design an efficient breeding program for synthesis of new varieties with virtues of drought tolerance and high yielding ability, it is necessary to identify potential parents that combine well for both yield and drought tolerance. Hence, the present investigation was undertaken to evaluate genetic potentiality of four lines and ten testers and their 40 hybrids by subjecting to in vitro screening for root traits under controlled condition in order to use them in drought resistance breeding programmes. Observations were recorded on root length, shoot length, root dry weight, shoot dry weight and root: shoot ratio. Two genotypes viz. ,MAS 946 -1, MAS 26 among parents and 8 genotypes viz., IR 58025 A x IR 65912 R, IR 68897 A x MAS 946-1, TNAU CMS 2A x Vandana, IR 68888 A x MAS 26, IR 68888 A x BI 33, IR 58025 A x IR 21567 R, IR 68897 A x Vandana and TNAU CMS 2A x MAS 26 among hybrids showed significantly superior mean values than grand mean for all the traits included in the study. Therefore, parental genotypes can be used as potential donors in drought resistance breeding program and identified outstanding hybrids may be suggested for commercial cultivation after the conduct of MLT and ART trials.
Productivity and Profitability of Spring Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) under different Planting Patterns Designed for Mechanized Intercultivation
Authors:   Department of Agronomy, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India, kumar Nirdesh , Bhatnagar Amit ,   Department of Agronomy, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India, Chandra Subash ,   Department of Agronomy, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India, Singh Gurvinder ,   Department of Agronomy, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India
Published: May 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Pantnagar during spring 2012 to study the performance of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) under different planting geometries tailored for mechanized intercultivation. The experiment consisted of eight planting geometry treatments viz; 60 cm single row (T1 ), 75 cm single row (T 2 ), 45/105 cm pair (T 3 ), 45/150 cm pair (T 4 ), 45/225 cm pair (T 5 ), 60/90 cm pair (T6 ), 60/150 cm pair (T7 ) and 60/225 cm pair (T 8 ) was laid in randomized block design with three replications. Weeding and interculture operations were carried out both using cultivator and manually in T 1 and T2 , by power weeder in T 3 and T 6, by power tiller in T 4 and T 7 and by tractor drawn small harrow in T 5 and T 8 . The results indicated that the planting geometries having pair row spacing of 60 cm (i.e. 60/90, 60/150 and 60/225 cm) recorded significantly more yield attributing characters viz; number of millable canes, cane length, cane girth, number of internodes per cane and individual cane weight than rest of the planting geometries. Paired row spacing of 60/90 cm being at par with 60/150 and 60/225 cm produced significantly higher cane yield (84.24 t ha -1 ) than rest of the planting geometries. The maximum gross (Rs. 217,836 ha -1 ) and net return (Rs. 152,769 ha -1 ) were obtained from 60/90 cm and that B:C ratio from 60/225 cm paired spacing (2.96).
Evaluation of New Herbicide (Bispyribac sodium 10 SC) on Weed Control and Yield in Direct Seeded Lowland Rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors:   Department of Agronomy,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore -641003, Tamil Nadu, India, S T Kumaran , G Kathiresan ,   Department of Agronomy,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore -641003, Tamil Nadu, India, P Murali Arthanari ,   Department of Agronomy,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore -641003, Tamil Nadu, India, C Chinnusamy ,   Department of Agronomy,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore -641003, Tamil Nadu, India, V Sanjiv kumar ,   Department of Soil Science Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore -641003, Tamil Nadu, India
Published: May 2023

Field investigation was carried out to evaluate the new formulation of bispyribac sodium 10 SC in direct seeded rice during rabi (August to February) of 2011-12 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design and replicated thrice with the objective to find out the effect of bispyribac sodium 10% SC on weed control efficiency and yield of direct seeded rice. The treatments consist of EPOE application of bispyribac sodium 10% SC at 10, 20, 40 g ha -1 , nominee gold 20 g ha -1 (bispyribac sodium 10 SC) on 15 DAS and PE butachlor 1.5 kg ha -1 , anilophos 0.45 kg ha -1 , pretilachlor S 0.45 kg ha-1 on 3 DAS + HW on 40 DAS and power weeder, conoweeder weeding at 20 and 40 DAS, HW twice on 20 and 40 DAS and unweeded control. Application of pretilachlor S 0.45 kg ha -1 on 3 DAS + HW on 40 DAS registered lower weed density and dry weight at 20 DAS but during the later stages of crop growth EPOE application of bispyribac sodium 10% SC 40 g ha -1 recorded lower weed density and dry weight. The grain and straw yield in both the treatments were comparatively higher than other treatments.
Evaluation of Entomopathogenic Fungi against Two Spotted Spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch on Tomato
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Entomology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, S Sangeetha , K Ramaraju ,   Department of Agricultural Entomology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003
Published: May 2023

Entomopathogenic fungi belonging to six genera were evaluated for effectiveness against Tetranychus urticae Koch along with the standard check fenazaquin 10 EC at 1.5 ml -1 in both pot culture and field experiments. Beauveria bassiana was highly effective in reducing the mite population in pot culture and two field experiments with 54.57, 54.52, 51.87 per cent, respectively after two rounds of spraying. It was followed by Hirsutella thompsonii, Metarhizium anisopliae and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus in their order of effectiveness. More than 70 per cent reduction in mite population was recorded with the acaricide fenazaquin in all the experiments conducted.
Bioefficacy of New Ready Mixed Insecticide Novaluron 5.25% + Emamctin 0.9% SC against Diamond Back Moth (Plutella xylostella L.) in Cabbage in West Bengal
Authors:   Sasya Shyamala” Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda University, Sonarpur, West Bengal, Kolkata-700103, India, Ghosal Abhijit , A K Dolai ,   Sasya Shyamala” Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda University, Sonarpur, West Bengal, Kolkata-700103, India, M L Chatterjee ,   Sasya Shyamala” Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda University, Sonarpur, West Bengal, Kolkata-700103, India
Published: May 2023

Field experiments were conducted during the rabi season of 2012 and 2013 in experimental plots of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal to evaluate the efficacy of ready mixed insecticide Novaluron 5.25% + Emamectin 0.9% SC @ 750, 825 and 875 ml ha -1 against Plutella xylostella in cabbage. Efficacy of different treatment schedules of novaluron 5.25% + emamectin 0.9% SC against DBM showed that all the treated plots with chemicals were significantly superior in their performance over that of control plots during both the year. Novaluron 5.25% + emamectin 0.9% SC @ 825 and 875 ml ha -1 gave superlative control of diamond back moth larvae up to harvesting period than the other insecticidal treatments. Novaluron 5.25% + emamectin 0.9% SC @ 875 ml ha-1 gave 100 per cent control from 5 th day after second spray during both experimental year. The maximum yield was obtained from the plots treated with novaluron 5.25% + emamectin 0.9% SC @ 875 ml ha -1 closely followed by @ 825 ml ha -1 .
Variability and Correlation Analysis for Oil Yield and Component Traits in a Mapping Population of Sunflower
Authors:   Dept. of Oilseeds, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore- 641003, J Vanitha , N Manivannan ,   Dept. of Oilseeds, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore- 641003, R Chandirakala ,   Dept. of Oilseeds, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore- 641003
Published: May 2023

Studies on variability and association analysis was carried out for RIL F5 generation of a cross TNHSF239-68-1-1-1 x 17B in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) for oil yield and component traits. The highest GCV and PCV were observed for oil yield, seed yield, stripes between margins, stripes on margin and seed colour. High heritability accompanied with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for pollen colour, stripes on margin, stripes between margin, seed colour, hull weight, kernel weight and 100-seeds weight. Association studies revealed that, oil yield per plant had significant and positive correlation with volume weight, 100-seeds weight, hull weig ht, kernel weight and oil content. Seed yield per plant had significant and positive correlation with volume weight, 100-seeds weight, hull weight, kernel weight and oil content. The stripes (on margin and between margins) had significant negative association with seed color, 100-seeds weight and kernel weight.
Effect of Time of Application and Organic Sources of Nitrogen On Drymatter Accumulation and Nutrient Uptake at Different Stages of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)
Authors:   Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College, Bapatla-522101, V Sujatha , K Mosha ,   Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College, Bapatla-522101, Ch Pulla Rao ,   Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College, Bapatla-522101, P Prasuna RanI ,   Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College, Bapatla-522101
Published: May 2023

A field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla during kharif 2012 to study the effect of organic sources of nutrients (poultry manure, FYM, neemcake and vermicompost) and recommended NPK fertilisers on drymatter accumulation and nutrient uptake of rice. The results of the investigation showed that higher drymatter accumulation N, P and K uptake were recorded with 100 % RDN through chemical fertilisers which was significantly followed by 100% RDN through poultry manure. At 90 DAT and at maturity, significantly higher drymatter accumulation, yield and nutrient uptake were observed with fertiliser treated plots, which was on a par with 50% RDN as basal+ 50% at 10 days before PI stage through poultry manure and it is on a par with 100% RDN through poultry manure and significantly superior to all other treatments.
Similarity Analysis of Fluorescent Pseudomonas from Apple and Pear Rhizosphere
Authors:   Department of Basic Sciences, College of Forestry, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Nauni, Solan-173230 H.P., Rana Sheetal , Sharma Ranjna ,   Department of Basic Sciences, College of Forestry, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Nauni, Solan-173230 H.P., Kaur Mohinder ,   Department of Basic Sciences, College of Forestry, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Nauni, Solan-173230 H.P.
Published: May 2023

Molecular markers have been found useful in assessing the genetic diversity in a precise manner, which is based on naturally occurring DNA polymorphism. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA analysis was performed using four arbitary decamer primers to observe genetic homogeneity/ polymorphism among 10 isolates of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. isolated from apple and pear rhizosphere from different locations of Mandi and Chamba districts. Out of 52 bands generated with 4 RAPD primers, 13.46% were monomorphic bands, while 86.33% were polymorphic bands. The result showed that the isolates of fluorescent Pseudomonas sp. were divided into 2 clusters by RAPD primers. Among all the combinations maximum similarity (90.48%) was found between PN-7-Cha and PN-2-San isolates of Chamba and Mandi districts. However, minimum similarity (36.7%) was observed in PN-11-San and PN- 7-Cha isolates of Mandi and Chamba districts. This technique is highly beneficial for testing similarity analysis among fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. isolated from different locations.
Studies on Thermal, Textural and Quality Parameters of Multiplier CO 4 Onion Bulb (Allium cepa L.var aggregatum Don.)
Authors:   Department of Food and Agricultural Process Engineering Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, G Kaveri , V Thirupathi ,   Department of Food and Agricultural Process Engineering Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003
Published: May 2023

Thermal properties are essential for predicting the temperature distribution within the foods and to allow optimum design of heat transfer equipment. Study of thermal, textural properties and quality parameters are necessary to understand the behavior of onion during storage and consumption. All these properties were measured and a data base for the CO 4 variety was formed. Thermal properties of the fresh and three months stored onion bulbs were estimated. The specific heat, thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity were linearly related and also the thermal diffusivity indirectly related with moisture content of the fresh and three months stored onion. Penetration load and crushing load of fresh and stored onion bulbs were determined. The mean values of total soluble solids (TSS), colour parameter ‘a’ and pyruvic acid content were 16.91±0.90 to 17.29 ± 0.62 per cent, 15.23 ± 10 to 14.58±0.67 and 4.58±0.41 and 4.25±0.39 μmol/g respectively, for the fresh and three months stored onion. All the properties were assessed at an average moisture content of 83.45±1.10 per cent (wb) for the fresh onion bulbs and 81.82±1.01 per cent (wb) for the three months stored onion CO 4 variety.
The Ramiah Gene Bank : A Step-Forward in Agro-Biodiversity Conservation at TNAU
Authors:   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, A John Joel , S Ganesh Ram ,   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, K Thiyagarajan ,   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, M Paramathma ,   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, P Murugesa Boopathi ,   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003
Published: May 2023

India is one of the richest countries for plant diversity with approximately 16,000 vascular plants, 5000 endemic species and 140 endemic genera. However, an estimated 3000-4000 plant species are being threatened to be on the verge of extinction, fixing India, one of the highest priorities for plant biodiversity conservation. In recent decades, India has increasingly recognized the importance of plant diversity in efforts to conserve and sustainably use its plant diversity. Conservation requires a sound scientific and technical basis and there are two methods viz., ex situ and in situ conservation which are equally important and should be regarded as complementary. In the process of ex situ conservation, the National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR) possess 3,85,645 germplasm accessions of various agri- horticultural crops. Realising the need of ago biodiversity conservation, TNAU has created a gene bank facility named after the legendary rice breeder Dr. K. Ramiah, with the capacity to conserve more than 1,00,000 germplasm accession under medium term storage (MTS) and long term storage (LTS) conditions. Presently a total of 13,567 accessions of more than 21 species are deposited in the gene bank. These provide an important reserve of plant resources for sustainable economic and social development. Thus, TNAU's strategic and vision for conservation of plant diversity and sustainable use of plant resources in the 21 st century is of far-reaching significance for sustainable development of our economy and society.
Studies on Soil Test Based Fertilizer Application on Soil Fertility Status, Leaf Yield and Quality of Mulberry
Authors:   Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Srirampura, Mysuru-570 008, India, K Vedavyasa , M R Subbaswamy ,   Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Srirampura, Mysuru-570 008, India, M Muniratnam Reddy ,   Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Srirampura, Mysuru-570 008, India, T Thippeswamy ,   Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Srirampura, Mysuru-570 008, India
Published: May 2023

A study was under taken at CSRTI, Mysore to evaluate the effect of soil test based fertilizer recommendation over general recommendation and farmer's practice on improvement of soil fertility, leaf yield and quality of mulberry. It was observed that soil test based fertilizer/ manure application increased mulberry leaf yield besides retaining the soil health compared to the general recommendation and farmer's practice.
Performance of Bivoltine Silkworm Germplasm under High Temperature and High Humidity of Jammu Region
Authors:   Central Sericultural Germplasm Resources Centre, Thally Road, Hosur-635109, Tamil Nadu, India, M Muthulakshmi , N Balachandran ,   Central Sericultural Germplasm Resources Centre, Thally Road, Hosur-635109, Tamil Nadu, India, S K Raina ,   Regional Sericultural Research Station, Miran Sahib, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir state, Tewary Pankaj ,   Regional Sericultural Research Station, Sahaspur, Dehradun, Uttaranchal State, G K S Babu ,   Central Sericultural Germplasm Resources Centre, Thally Road, Hosur-635109, Tamil Nadu, India, C K Kamble ,   Central Sericultural Germplasm Resources Centre, Thally Road, Hosur-635109, Tamil Nadu, India
Published: May 2023

Autumn silkworm crop is distinguished by high temperature and high humidity in Jammu and there is an urgent need to develop hardy bivoltine breeds/hybrids, which can withstand the autumn conditions of Jammu region to make sericulture activity profitable in the traditional sericultural state of Jammu and Kashmir. Though mulberry leaves are available in plenty during this season the silkworm crop during autumn season is generally a failure in Northern India. In order to identify suitable silkworm races, selected bivoltine silkworm germplasm were evaluated under abiotic stress conditions of high temperature and high humidity prevailing during autumn season in Northern India. Ten test accessions out of 230 bivoltine silkworm accessions were selected based on economically important rearing and post cocoon parameters and evaluated in the RSRS, Jammu conditions. The accessions were BBE-0173, BBE-0174, BBE-0178, BBE-0186, BBE-0189, BBE-0192, BBE-0198, BBE-0226, BBI-0239 and BBE-0266 with two control accessions (one local, ie., BBI-0116 for Jammu) and one common national control ie., BBI-0290). Six trials were conducted in the location in both the favourable (Spring) and unfavourable (Autumn) seasons. Test accessions BBE-0178 and BBE-0266 performed better during both spring and autumn seasons not only for rearing traits but also for post cocoon parameters. These accessions can be used to evolve suitable silk worm breeds or breed combinations through breeding programmes to stabilize autumn crop rearing.
Vrkshayurvedic Farming - A revisit and review
Authors:   Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College and Research Institute Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai - 625 104, C Swaminathan , M R Nandhakumar ,   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003
Published: May 2023

I ndian System of Agriculture viz., Vrkshayurveda is an ancient Indian farming and traditional ways for food production in concomitant with Mother Nature but now-a-days it is a remedial measure to manoeuvre the ill effects of modern chemical agriculture. Based on the authors experiences in vrkshayurveda with crops like green gram, onion, sorghum, maize, black gram, cow pea and bhendi, the available literature pertaining to this traditional knowledge is reviewed, discussed and presented.