bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of multiple weak layers on deformation of the interior of Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yang Huitong , Tan Wei , Wu Lei , Zhang Yongshu , Wang Bo , Zhang Junyong , Wei Xuebing , Tang Pengcheng , Mao Liguang , Wang Chuanwu , Chen Yan , Tang Jianchao , Huang Kai , Xiao Ancheng , Lin Xiubin , Chen Hanlin
Published: April 2024

The Qaidam Basin is the largest sedimentary basin within the Tibetan Plateau, with up to ~15-km-thick deposits accumulated in the Cenozoic. Understanding how it deformed in response to the far-field effects of India-Eurasia collision is critical to improving our knowledge of the mechanism underlying northward plateau growth. Unlike typical compressional basins, where upper-crustal deformation concentrates at their margins, the Qaidam Basin features the development of many NW- to WNW-striking folds across the entire basin. Why crustal shortening occurred in the interior of Qaidam Basin, ~100 km away from the margins, together with the underground geometries beneath these folds, remains unknown. Herein, based on newly acquired three- and two-dimensional (3-D and 2-D) seismic reflection data, borehole logging, and scaled physical analog modeling, we investigated the geometries, kinematics, and formation mechanisms of the folds within the interior of Qaidam Basin. For the first time, we reveal three local weak layers in the Lulehe, Upper Xiaganchaigou, and Shangyoushashan Formations, respectively. They consist mainly of mudstone intercalated with evaporites and limestones, and they have different spatial distributions that are likely confined by major faults and folds. These mechanically weak layers became locally thickened or thinned in response to tectonic loading and/or facilitated detachment slip to form many décollement folds that were observed at the surface. The shallow deformation above the weak layers is largely decoupled from underlying basement-involved faulting and folding, which mostly terminate upward in these weak layers. Analog modeling results suggest that the lowermost and widely distributed décollement layer in the Lulehe Formation likely facilitated long-distance rapid propagation of deformation into the basin interior. In sum, our study highlights the significance of multiple weak layers during Cenozoic deformation in the Qaidam Basin interior.
The effects of weathering and sediment source mixing on whole-rock geochemical provenance studies, Cook Inlet forearc basin, south-central Alaska, USA
Authors: Kapolas A. , Finzel E.S. , Horkley L.K. , Peate D.W.
Published: April 2024

The provenance of most basin systems today is interpreted based on radiogenic ages or the geochemical composition of detrital minerals, which has all but replaced the use of whole-rock geochemical approaches that can effectively complement provenance information inferred from detrital approaches. Here, we further investigate previous provenance models developed using detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology by applying whole-rock major and trace element geochemistry of fine-grained clastic rocks from the late Oligocene–middle Miocene Tyonek Formation, late Miocene Beluga Formation, and Pliocene Sterling Formation in the Cook Inlet Basin, Alaska, USA. When taken alone, our new geochemical data suggest solely intermediate igneous sediment sources to the basin. When paired with existing detrital zircon U-Pb data, however, significant mixing of felsic and mafic sediment sources is evident, which indicates that thorough mixing of geochemically distinct source terranes can mask the input from individual sources in whole-rock geochemical studies. Furthermore, we demonstrate that both weathering and provenance influence the major element chemistry of sediment source terranes as well as the resultant basinal strata. Our conclusions indicate that the combination of whole-rock geochemistry with other detrital approaches provides a robust interpretation of sedimentary basin provenance.
The Permian Cornubian granite batholith, SW England; Part 1: Field, structural, and petrological constraints
Authors: Searle Michael P. , Shail Robin K. , Pownall Jonathan M. , Jurkowski Christopher , Watts Anthony B. , Robb Laurence J.
Published: April 2024

The Permian Cornubian granite batholith (295–275 Ma) in SW England includes seven major plutons and numerous smaller stocks extending for ~250 km from the Isles of Scilly in the WSW to Dartmoor in the ENE. The granites are peraluminous and classified as crustal melt S-type, predominantly two-mica granites, and biotite or tourmaline monzo- and syenogranites, with subordinate minor topaz granite and lithium mica granite. The granites and their host rocks are pervasively mineralized with tin (cassiterite), tungsten (wolframite, ferberite), copper (chalcopyrite, chalcocite, bornite), arsenic (arsenopyrite), and zinc (sphalerite) mineralized lodes. Quartz-muscovite selvedges (greisen-bordered) also contain enrichment of lithophile elements such as boron (tourmaline), fluorine (fluorite), and lithium (lithium-micas such as lepidolite and zinnwaldite). They are derived from both muscovite and biotite dehydration melting of pelitic-psammitic rocks and intruded from a common source along the length of the batholith. Pressure estimates from andalusite and cordierite-bearing hornfels in the contact metamorphic aureole (150 ± 100 MPa) show that the granites intruded to 3 km depth. Cupolas around the Land's End and Tregonning granites show aplite-pegmatite dikes and tourmaline + quartz + muscovite veins (greisen) that are frequently mineralized. Synchronous intrusions of lamprophyre dikes suggest an additional heat source for crustal melting may have been from underplating of alkaline magmas. The lack of significant erosion means that the source region is not exposed. In an accompanying paper (Part 2; Watts et al., 2024), gravity modeling reveals possible solutions for the shape and depth of the granite and the structure of the lower crust. We present a new model for the Land's End, Tregonning, and Carnmenellis granites showing a mid-crustal source composed of amphibolite facies migmatites bounded by prominent seismic reflectors, with upward expanding dikes feeding inter-connected granite laccoliths that show inflated cupolas with shallow contact metamorphism. The Cornubian granites intruded >90 m.y. after obduction of the Lizard ophiolite complex, and after Upper Devonian–Carboniferous Variscan compressional, and later extensional, deformation of the surrounding Devonian country rocks. Comparisons are made between the Cornubian batholith and the Patagonian batholith in Chile, the Himalayan leucogranites, and the Baltoro granite batholith along the Karakoram range in northern Pakistan.
Suicide in National Collegiate Athletic Association athletes: a 20-year analysis
Authors: Whelan Bridget M , Kliethermes Stephanie A , Schloredt Kelly A , Rao Ashwin , Harmon Kimberly G , Petek Bradley J
Published: April 2024

Objectives

To determine the incidence rate of suicide from 2002 to 2022 among athletes from the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and assess for potential differences by, sex, race, division and sport.

Methods

NCAA athlete deaths over a 20-year period from 2002 to 2022 were identified. Poisson regression models were built to assess changes in incidence rates over time. Linear and quadratic fits between year and suicide incidence for males and females were evaluated.

Results

Of 1102 total deaths, 128 (11.6%) deaths by suicide were reported (male n=98, female n=30). The overall incidence was 1:71 145 athlete-years (AYs). Over the last decade, suicide was the second most common cause of death after accidents. The proportion of deaths by suicide doubled from the first 10 years (7.6%) to the second 10 years (15.3%). The suicide incidence rate for males increased linearly (5-year incidence rate ratio 1.32 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.53)), whereas a quadratic association was identified among female athletes (p=0.002), with the incidence rate reaching its lowest point in females in 2010–2011 and increasing thereafter. Male cross-country athletes had the highest suicide incidence rate (1:29 815 AYs) and Division I and II athletes had a higher suicide incidence rate than Division III athletes. No significant differences in suicide incidence rates by sex, race or sport were identified.

Conclusion

Deaths by suicide among NCAA athletes increased in both males and females throughout the 20-year study period, and suicide is now the second most common cause of death in this population. Greater suicide prevention efforts geared towards NCAA athletes are warranted.
TENDINopathy Severity assessment–Achilles (TENDINS-A): evaluation of reliability and validity in accordance with COSMIN recommendations
Authors: Murphy Myles Calder , McCleary Fergus , Hince Dana , Chimenti Ruth , Chivers Paola , Vosseller J Turner , Nimphius Sophia , Mkumbuzi Nonhlanhla Sharon , Malliaras Peter , Maffulli Nicola , de Vos Robert-Jan , Rio Ebonie Kendra
Published: April 2024

Objective

To evaluate the construct validity (structural validity and hypothesis testing), reliability (test–retest reliability, measurement error and internal consistency) and minimal important change (MIC) of the 13-item TENDINopathy Severity assessment–Achilles (TENDINS-A).

Methods

Participants with Achilles pain completed an online survey including: demographics, TENDINS-A, Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) and Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment–Achilles (VISA-A). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) assessed dimensionality. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) assessed structural validity (root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA); Comparative Fit Index (CFI); Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI); standardised root measure square (SRMS)). Correlations between TENDINS-A and the FAOS or VISA-A assessed hypothesis testing. Intraclass correlation (ICC) assessed test–retest reliability. Cronbach’s alpha assessed internal consistency. SE of the measurement (SEM) assessed measurement error. A distribution-based approach assessed MIC.

Results

79 participants (51% female) with a mean (SD) age=42.6 (13.0) years, height=175.0 (11.7) cm and body mass=82.0 (19.1) kg were included. EFA identified three meaningful factors, proposed as pain, symptoms and function. The best model identified using CFA for TENDINS-A had structural validity (RMSEA=0.101, CFI=0.959, TLI=0.947, SRMS=0.068), which included three factors (pain, symptoms and function), but excluded three items from the original TENDINS-A. TENDINS-A exhibited moderate positive correlation with FAOS (r=0.598, p<0.001) and a moderate negative correlation with VISA-A (r=−0.639, p<0.001). Reliability of the TENDINS-A was excellent (ICC=0.930; Cronbach’s α=0.808; SEM=6.54 units), with an MIC of 12 units.

Conclusions

Our evaluation of the revised 10-item TENDINS-A determined it has construct validity and excellent reliability, compared with the VISA-A and FAOS which lack content and construct validity. The TENDINS-A is recommended as the preferred patient-reported outcome measure to assess disability in people with Achilles tendinopathy.
Carotid free-floating thrombus in patients with acute ischaemic stroke and active cancer
Authors: Ventura Rita Monteiro , Freire Inês , Marto João Pedro
Published: April 2024

In patients with ischaemic stroke, a carotid free-floating thrombus (CFFT) raises diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We describe two women, each taking tamoxifen for invasive non-metastatic breast cancer, who developed large-vessel occlusion ischaemic strokes. The first had a CFFT 24 hours after receiving intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy; the thrombus completely resolved after 1 week of therapeutic anticoagulation. The second had a tandem occlusion with a CFFT at admission; her neurological deficits rapidly improved after intravenous thrombolysis without needing a mechanical thrombectomy. However, subsequently, under therapeutic anticoagulation, distal migration of the CFFT caused a recurrent large vessel occlusion ischaemic stroke, requiring mechanical thrombectomy. The CTFF in both cases appeared to relate to a cancer-related prothrombotic state. Both received long-term oral anticoagulation and their tamoxifen was switched to anastrozole. At 3 months, both were functionally independent without recurrent vascular events.
THE EFFECT OF LASER OSCILLATING WELDING ON FORMATION AND PROPERTIES OF TITANIUM ALLOY
Authors: CHEN TIANYAO , WANG ZEYANG , PANG XIAOTONG , TONG YONGGANG , JI XIXI , ZHANG MINGJUN , ZHANG JIAN , HU HONGWEI , WANG KAIMING , JIA QIANG
Published: April 2024

Titanium alloys are widely used in aerospace and other fields due to their advantages of low density, high specific strength and good corrosion resistance. Laser oscillating welding is an innovative process in the realm of welding technology. In this study, two laser oscillating welding methods (circular and linear) were employed to analyze the influence of different oscillation parameters on the formation of titanium alloy. The results indicate that the oscillation frequency has a significant impact on weld formation. The laser scanning trajectory also affects weld formation, with circular and linear scanning trajectories resulting in better weld quality. Finally, the effects of oscillation modes on the microstructure and properties of laser oscillating welding titanium alloy were investigated based on optimized process parameters. Among them, circular laser oscillating welding of titanium alloy exhibits higher tensile strength, with a maximum tensile strength of up to 1188.3[Formula: see text]MPa.
A Self-Attention CycleGAN for Cross-Domain Semi-Supervised Contactless Palmprint Recognition
Authors: Xin Guangnan , Zhu Min , Zhou Yuze , Jiang Guanyu , Cai Zeyu , Pang Aoyu , Zhu Qi
Published: April 2024

Nowadays, there is a growing concern about contactless palmprint recognition because of its high-recognition rate, efficiency, and convenience. With the development of image acquisition equipment, it is an often case that the palmprint images for identification and for registration are captured by different devices. At the same time, a large amount of well-labeled palmprint images are difficult to collect. Therefore, the performance of most existing contactless palmprint recognition methods will be poor in real-life applications. To address these issues, we proposed a self-attention CycleGAN for cross-domain semi-supervised palmprint recognition. Based on CycleGAN, the styles of contactless palmprint images in source domain and target domain can be swapped. Specifically, the spatial features are captured through self-attention modules by modeling long-range dependencies. In addition, an extra source domain classifier is trained with the labeled source domain images to give the unlabeled images in target domain a pseudo-label, by which images in target domain are efficiently utilized. The experiment results showed that our method achieved competitive performance.
When unit graphs are isomorphic to unitary Cayley graphs of rings?
Authors: Su Huadong , Tang Gaohua
Published: April 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a ring with identity. The unit (respectively, unitary Cayley) graph of [Formula: see text] is a simple graph [Formula: see text] (respectively, [Formula: see text]) with vertex set [Formula: see text], where two distinct vertices [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are adjacent if and only if [Formula: see text] (respectively, [Formula: see text]) is a unit of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we explore when [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are isomorphic for a finite ring [Formula: see text]. Among other results, we prove that [Formula: see text] is isomorphic to [Formula: see text] for a finite ring [Formula: see text] if and only if char([Formula: see text])[Formula: see text]=[Formula: see text]2 or [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the Jacobson radical of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is a finite ring.
Central Composite Design and Response Surface Methodology for Optimizing the Diameter of Electrospun Polyamide-6,6 Nanofiber Mat
Authors: Abdelhady Saleh S. , Ali Ashraf A. , Zoalfakar Said H. , Elbadawi Rehab E.
Published: April 2024

Electrospinning is a well-established technique for creating submicron polymer fibers to create distinctive functional nanostructures. Electrospinning parameters including solution concentration, tip-to-collector distance and applied voltage are adjusted to produce nonwovens with variable fiber diameter distributions. This research on the response surface methodology (RSM) is being used to model the diameter of a polyamide-6,6 (PA-6,6) nanofiber mat. The experiments were designed using central composite design (CCD) and RSM, which evaluated the interactions between the operating variables (polymer concentration, applied positive voltage, needle tip to collector distance and spinning angle) on the diameter of the PA-6,6 nanofiber. The average nanofiber diameter increased as the concentration of the PA-6,6 polymer solution increased. The model’s strong regression coefficient ([Formula: see text]) reveals that it did a desirable of predicting the diameter of PA-6,6 fibers. The experimental findings and predicted fiber diameters were in good agreement. The results demonstrate that the optimization of electrospinning process to produce the smallest nanofibers and narrowest diameter distribution ([Formula: see text]) combined effects of 10% polymer concentration, 21[Formula: see text]kV applied positive voltage, 18[Formula: see text]cm needle tip to collector distance and [Formula: see text] spinning angle are substantial interacting effects that have an impact on the surface response nanofibers. The results of the research and several mathematical models will offer useful guidelines for choosing parameter settings for electrospinning PA-6,6 to achieve the required fiber diameter. By saving time, effort and money more effectively, this research will expand the field of investigation for the quality of electrospun nanofibers.
One-Step Synthesis of Alkali Metal-Hydroxyl Double Modified Graphite Phase Carbon Nitride and Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenolic Compounds
Authors: Wang Siyi , Zhang Hongru , Wang Yanjuan , Zhou Feng , Ma Huixia , Zhang Jian , Hu Shaozheng
Published: April 2024

In this work, potassium ion-hydroxyl double modified graphite phase carbon nitride (KCN–OH) was synthesized in one step by alkali hydrothermal (AH) method. The as-prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, UV–Vis, N2 adsorption, SEM, XPS, PL, ESR, TPD and EIS. The introduction of potassium ion causes the reduced crystal size, increased specific surface area and promoted electron–hole separation efficiency of as-prepared catalyst. The hydroxyl group not only further improves the electron–hole separation efficiency but, as the electron donor group, can also make stronger interaction between catalyst and acidic phenolic compounds. The photocatalytic degradation of phenol was investigated under visible light. The results show that the phenol degradation rate constant of KCN–OH is 0.22 h[Formula: see text] under visible light, which is over 3.7 and 2.0 times higher than that of neat g-C3N4 and single hydroxyl-modified g-C3N4. KCN–OH also displays outstanding catalytic and structural stability. The possible reaction mechanism is discussed in this paper.
On the Impact of Lower Recall and Precision in Defect Prediction for Guiding Search-based Software Testing
Authors: Perera Anjana , Turhan Burak , Aleti Aldeida , Böhme Marcel
Published: April 2024

Defect predictors, static bug detectors, and humans inspecting the code can propose locations in the program that are more likely to be buggy before they are discovered through testing. Automated test generators such as search-based software testing (SBST) techniques can use this information to direct their search for test cases to likely buggy code, thus speeding up the process of detecting existing bugs in those locations. Often the predictions given by these tools or humans are imprecise, which can misguide the SBST technique and may deteriorate its performance. In this article, we study the impact of imprecision in defect prediction on the bug detection effectiveness of SBST.

Our study finds that the recall of the defect predictor, i.e., the proportion of correctly identified buggy code, has a significant impact on bug detection effectiveness of SBST with a large effect size. More precisely, the SBST technique detects 7.5 fewer bugs on average (out of 420 bugs) for every 5% decrements of the recall. However, the effect of precision, a measure for false alarms, is not of meaningful practical significance, as indicated by a very small effect size.

In the context of combining defect prediction and SBST, our recommendation is to increase the recall of defect predictors as a primary objective and precision as a secondary objective. In our experiments, we find that 75% precision is as good as 100% precision. To account for the imprecision of defect predictors, in particular low recall values, SBST techniques should be designed to search for test cases that also cover the predicted non-buggy parts of the program, while prioritising the parts that have been predicted as buggy.
Investigating Pitting Behavior of Stainless-Steel for Canister in Vertical Position Using Electrochemical Acceleration Test
Authors: Nguyen Thuy Chung , Yoo Jin-Seok , Kim Jung-Gu
Published: April 2024

Stainless steel is renowned for its corrosion resistance and is widely used in constructing canisters for nuclear waste containment. These canisters are designed to endure burial in soil for over a century, making it crucial to study the long-term corrosion behavior of SS in this specific context. However, analysis of the corrosion behavior of SS is challenging due to its slow corrosion rate. Therefore, electrochemical acceleration methods are essential in studying the corrosion behavior of SS. This research employs the potentiostatic polarization test to comprehensively analyze SS pitting corrosion. The study focuses on vertically-positioned SS specimens, simulating canister conditions. Advanced microscopy techniques and simulation aid in understanding anolyte, pit depth, and pit shape behavior. Through this, the pitting propagation process of SS could be divided into four stages. Key outcomes of this study include models for absolute depth during propagation and the formation of secondary pitting. Comparative analysis with immersion tests reveals insights crucial for industrial installations safety and longevity.
Nano Scale Poly(vinylidene chloride-co-acrylonitrile) Protection for Reversible and Stable Mg Anode Interface
Authors: Song Minyung , Ryu Jaegeon , Han Kee-Sung , Zuo Peng , Wang Chongmin , Murugesan Vijay , Shao Yuyan
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the efficacy of a polymer coating, PVdC-co-AN, in enhancing the stability and reversibility of the electrochemical Mg anode interface. Coated electrodes, immersed in a 0.25 M Mg(TFSI)2−0.50 M MgCl2/dimethoxyethane (DME) electrolyte, exhibit notable improvements. Cyclic voltammetry demonstrates consistent behavior with the coated electrode, while the uncoated electrode changes dramatically. During extended open circuit potential conditions, the coated electrode maintains much higher coulombic efficiency (93%) compared to the uncoated electrode (62%). Galvanostatic cycling test over 200 cycles further show the benefits of the PVdC-co-AN coating, decreasing the overpotential of Mg plating and improving long-term stability. The coated electrodes also demonstrate improved rate capability at higher current densities. Surface analysis reveals differences in the formation of byproducts between the coated and uncoated electrodes, indicating a more stable and uniform interface in the former. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy suggests that the polymer influences ion mobility through tuning the solvation environments which results in better kinetics and fewer byproducts. In summary, the study affirms that the PVdC-co-AN coating significantly improves the stability and performance of Mg electrochemistry, offering a promising advancement for practical battery applications.
Ultrafast Water Transport in Two-dimensional Vermiculite–Ionic Liquid Composite Membrane to Enhance Rapid Humidity Sensing
Authors: Han Dong , He Weijun , Guo Ruixiang , Li Huchao , Yang Yongan , Zhou Kai-Ge
Published: April 2024

Recent advances in humidity sensors have emphasized their critical roles in various fields, from food processing to healthcare. Vermiculite (V), as a two-dimensional (2D) material, can be exploited in humidity sensors with numerous advantages such as low cost, thermal stability, and ease of functionalization for large-scale manufacturing. Here we demonstrated that the 2D characteristics of V, combined with ultrafast transport of confined water in its nanocapillaries, significantly enhance the rapid adsorption and desorption of water, thereby endowing the humidity sensor with rapid sensing capabilities. Furthermore, we employed the ionic liquid (IL), [EMIM][BF4] as an intercalating agent to modify V utilizing the electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions between them. The ultrafast transport of water in the V-[EMIM][BF4] membrane was not only improved, but the confined water in nanocapillaries was also transformed from a “constrained” to a comparatively “relaxed” state. This “relaxed” water allowed it to rotate into suitable orientation for efficient proton transfer. Consequently, the V-[EMIM][BF4] membrane-based sensor exhibited the improved transient response of 5 s and 34 s in the range of 30%–80% relative humidity. This study leveraged the benefits of IL-modified V membranes to pave the way for cost-effective humidity sensing devices with rapid responses.
Effects of Trigger Method on Fire Propagation during the Thermal Runaway Process in Li-ion Batteries
Authors: Mallarapu Anudeep , Sunderlin Nathaniel , Boovaragavan Vijayasekaran , Tamashiro Matthew , Peabody Christina , Pelloux-gervais Thibault , Li Xin X. , Sizikov Gregory
Published: April 2024

Lithium-ion batteries are prone to fire hazards due to the possibility of thermal runaway propagation. During battery product development and subsequent safety tests for design validation and safety certification, the thermal runaway onset is triggered by various test methods such as nail penetration, thermal ramp, or external short circuit. This failure initiation method affects the amount of heat contributions and the composition of gas generations. This study compares two such trigger methods, external heating and using a thermally-activated internal short circuit device (ISCD). The effects of the trigger method on total heat generation are experimentally investigated within 18650 cylindrical cells at single cell level as well as at multiple cell configuration level. The severity of failure was observed to be worse for cells with ISCDs at single cell level, whereas quite the opposite results were observed at multiple cell configuration level. A preliminary numerical analysis was performed to better understand the battery safety performance with respect to thermal runaway trigger methods and heat transfer conditions.
Optimization of SOFC Anode Microstructure for Performance and Highly Scalable Cells Through Graded Porosity
Authors: Ostrovskiy Yevgeniy , Saqib Muhammad , Hong Jaewoon , Schubert William , Wachsman Eric D.
Published: April 2024

Anode porosity is fundamental to the performance and durability of SOFCs. This research evaluated the role of pore former loading in the anode layer to optimize the trade-off between cell performance and flatness. It was found that intermediate levels of organic loading through pore former resulted in the highest performance while also the greatest degree of curvature. Grading the porosity such that it decreases towards the electrolyte improved the performance at lower temperatures and fuel ratios. Graded anodes only improved flatness when larger loadings of pore former were used, but this resulted in a loss of performance. When considering both flatness and curvature, graded anodes resulted in cells that were flat and had decent but not the highest performance. Based on our results, the anode microstructure closest to the electrolyte strongly affects performance, while the microstructure towards the fuel affects flatness.
Experimental and Modeling Analyses of the Correlation between Local 3D Heterogeneities and the Macroscopic Observers of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Stack
Authors: Morin Arnaud , Balestrière Pierrick , LaManna Jacob M. , Baltic Elias , Hussey Daniel S. , Jacobson David L. , Vacquier Christophe , Poirot-Crouvezier Jean-Philippe
Published: April 2024

In this study, we offer a complete investigation of a high-performing Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell stack customized for automotive use. Our approach goes beyond traditional global electrochemical performance metrics such as polarization curves, ohmic resistance. Instead, we utilize specialized segmented high-surface sensors to measure current density and temperature in the active area plane, along with neutron imaging to determine liquid water distributions. Employing a pseudo three-dimensional two-phase flow model that integrates electrochemical and transport phenomena, we gain insight into the intricate relationships among these observables. The model proves particularly valuable in elucidating the operation of the anode and cathode sides, aspects challenging to capture solely through experimental mean. Our findings emphasize the substantial impact of fluid flow directions and current density on the distribution of liquid water. It is noteworthy that despite fluid flow direction, there is a consistent decrease in overall liquid water content with an increase in current density. This results in voltage instability within the cell, attributed to flooding phenomena, especially at low current densities. However, this is not observed in conditions representative of those encountered in on-field systems. We conduct a thorough analysis of this failure scenario to improve the fuel cell system’s control mechanisms.
Shedding Light on the Failure Factors of Subsea Critical Fastener Bolts
Authors: Medlinsky Ofer , Eliezer Amir , Hadjistassou Constantinos
Published: April 2024

Offshore facilities, such as oil and gas rigs, wind turbines, and related subsea equipment, typically use flanges fastened using bolts and nuts as the main connectors. In this study, multidisciplinary parameters, namely the preload torque used to tighten bolts, simulated subsea water currents, water temperature, and impressed current cathodic protection, were applied to ASTM A193 B7 bolts. An experimental supervisory control and data acquisition system was designed to obtain measurements every 5 min throughout a 21-day experiment. Finite element analysis was performed to predict the structurally vulnerable areas of the bolts. A strong correlation was found between the reference electrode readings and the measured electrical current, tightening torque, and water temperature. As the water temperature rises during the day, the reference electrode reading becomes less negative and the electrical current decreases. Subsea water currents cause about a four-time increase in the bolt corrosion rate, with unprotected bolts suffering a nine-time-higher corrosion rate than protected bolts. A unique supply–demand interaction is observed; less protection is supplied to areas with lower corrosion rates (lower demand for protection). Finally, scanning electron microscopy examination reveals new insights into the failure mechanisms of subsea bolts.
Alterations of whole body glucose metabolism in a feline SARS-CoV-2 infection model
Authors: Rochowski Matthew T. , Jayathilake Kaushalya , Balcerak John-Michael , Tamil Selvan Miruthula , Gunasekara Sachithra , Rudd Jennifer , Miller Craig , Lacombe Véronique A.
Published: April 2024

Our study on a feline model of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, mirroring human COVID-19, revealed alterations in whole body and cellular glucose metabolism. Infected cats developed mild hyperglycemia, increased protein levels of glucose transporters in the lung, and AMPK activation in the heart. These findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces metabolic reprogramming in the cardiorespiratory system to support viral replication. Understanding these mechanisms could lead to novel antiviral therapeutic strategies.
Peptide Extract from Red Kidney Beans, Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae), Shows Promising Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Quorum Sensing Inhibitory Effects
Authors: Tetteh Jennifer , Wereko Brobbey De-Youngster , Osei Kofi Junior , Ayamah Azumah , Laryea Michael Konney , Darko Godfred , Borquaye Lawrence Sheringham
Published: April 2024

The rapid spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria has led to an increased risk of infectious diseases. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in particular, poses a significant obstacle due to its propensity to rapidly acquire resistance to conventional antibiotics. This has resulted in an urgent need for the development of new classes of antibiotics that do not induce resistance. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been studied as potential small-molecule antibiotics due to their unique mode of action. In this study, peptides were extracted from the seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae), and the antimicrobial activities of the extract were evaluated using microbroth dilution against five different microorganisms. The extract showed antimicrobial activity against all tested organisms with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 2.5 mg/mL, except for Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which had MICs of 1.25 mg/mL. The extract was also bacteriostatic for all tested organisms. The crude peptide extract from Phaseolus vulgaris was further studied for its antibiofilm activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common nosocomial pathogen associated with biofilm formation. The extract showed good antibiofilm activity at 1/2 MIC. The extract also inhibited the expression of pyocyanin and pyoverdine (virulence factors of P. aeruginosa whose expression is mediated by quorum sensing) by 82% and 66%, respectively. These results suggest that the peptide mix from Phaseolus vulgaris may inhibit biofilm formation and virulence factor expression by interfering with cell-to-cell communication in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The ability of the extract to inhibit the growth and biofilm formation of all tested organisms indicates its potential as an antimicrobial agent that could be further studied for drug discovery.
An Enhanced MPPT Approach Based on CUSA for Grid‐Integrated Hybrid Electric Vehicle Charging Station
Authors: Mazumdar Debabrata , Biswas Pabitra Kumar , Sain Chiranjit , Ahmad Furkan , Al-Fagih Luluwah
Published: April 2024

Because of the fluctuating demands for electricity and the growing awareness of the need to protect the environment from global warming and the depletion of nonrenewable natural resources, battery‐powered electric vehicles, or EVs, are being used in the transportation sector as an alternative to internal combustion engine vehicles. However, charging these EVs with conventional fossil fuels is neither economically sustainable nor structurally viable. Therefore, this manuscript proposes a renewable energy‐powered EV charging station featuring a combination of solar energy, standby battery systems, sophisticated control techniques such as neural network‐integrated grids, the enhanced Cuckoo Search Algorithm for Maximum Power Point Tracking, and the Proportional‐Integral‐Derivative controller. This idea beats current methods and presents a viable way to drive the EV revolution while lessening environmental effects. It maximizes energy management and guarantees a steady power supply even in erratic weather. Grid integration ensures the consistency of power supplies at charging terminals. When compared to other algorithms that have been investigated in the literature, the designed algorithm exhibits excellent performance. Grid integration, in addition to the standby battery, is essential in ensuring that the charging station has a constant power supply, even during unpredictable weather.
Supplementary Figure S7 from XTX301, a Tumor-Activated Interleukin-12 Has the Potential to Widen the Therapeutic Index of IL12 Treatment for Solid Tumors as Evidenced by Preclinical Studies
Authors: Patel Ekta , Malkova Natalia V. , Crowe David , Pederzoli-Ribeil Magali , Fantini Damiano , Fanny Manoussa , Madala Hanumantha Rao , Jenkins Kurt A. , Yerov Oleg , Greene Justin , Guzman Wilson , O'Toole Caitlin , Taylor Jacob , O'Donnell Rebekah K. , Johnson Parker , Lanter Bernard B. , Ames Brian , Chen Jia , Vu Sallyann , Wu Hsin-Jung , Cantin Susan , McLaughlin Megan , Hsiao Yu-Shan S. , Tomar Dheeraj S. , Rozenfeld Raphael , Thiruneelakantapillai Lakshmanan , O'Hagan Ronan C. , Nicholson Benjamin , O'Neil Jennifer , Bialucha Carl Uli
Published: April 2024

Supplemental Figure S7: XTX301 caused transient and reversible changes to LFTs and other safety parameters in NHP in a repeat dose GLP toxicology study. Male and female NHPs (N=3/sex; 2/sex for recovery animals) were administered XTX301 by intravenous infusion once weekly for a total of four doses, followed by a four-week recovery period. Changes in (a) aspartate aminotransferase, (b) alanine aminotransferase, (c) total lymphocytes, (d) albumin, and (e) IFN-γ were fully reversible in the main study and recovery animals. All values are shown as mean ± SD. The reference ranges, indicated by the grey-shaded area, were derived from the study facility’s historical control values.
Supplementary Figure S3 from XTX301, a Tumor-Activated Interleukin-12 Has the Potential to Widen the Therapeutic Index of IL12 Treatment for Solid Tumors as Evidenced by Preclinical Studies
Authors: Patel Ekta , Malkova Natalia V. , Crowe David , Pederzoli-Ribeil Magali , Fantini Damiano , Fanny Manoussa , Madala Hanumantha Rao , Jenkins Kurt A. , Yerov Oleg , Greene Justin , Guzman Wilson , O'Toole Caitlin , Taylor Jacob , O'Donnell Rebekah K. , Johnson Parker , Lanter Bernard B. , Ames Brian , Chen Jia , Vu Sallyann , Wu Hsin-Jung , Cantin Susan , McLaughlin Megan , Hsiao Yu-Shan S. , Tomar Dheeraj S. , Rozenfeld Raphael , Thiruneelakantapillai Lakshmanan , O'Hagan Ronan C. , Nicholson Benjamin , O'Neil Jennifer , Bialucha Carl Uli
Published: April 2024

Supplemental Figure S3: Repeated mXTX301 dosing was well tolerated and resulted in dose dependent TGI in mice bearing large (~360mm3) MC38 tumors (a) C57BL/6J mice were implanted subcutaneously with MC38 tumor cells and received a single intravenous injection of mXTX301, unmasked control, or vehicle (PBS) at indicated dose levels (N=12 per group). Tumor measurements were taken two/three times a week. Animals were euthanized due to health issues or body weight loss. The data represent individual survival curves. CR: complete regression, EU: euthanized. (b) C57BL/6J mice were implanted subcutaneously with MC38 tumor cells and received a total of 3 doses marked by red arrows of mXTX301. Body weight was monitored over time (c) Survival prolongation was assessed by Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxon test comparison at all study time points (until Day 27). ***p = 0.0001; ****p < 0.0001.
Supplementary Table 1 from Immune Modulation with RANKL Blockade through Denosumab Treatment in Patients with Cancer
Authors: Chang Hewitt , Marquez Jaqueline , Chen Brandon K. , Kim Daniel M. , Cheng Michael L. , Liu Eric V. , Yang Hai , Zhang Li , Sinha Meenal , Cheung Alexander , Kwek Serena S. , Chow Eric D. , Bridge Mark , Aggarwal Rahul R. , Friedlander Terence W. , Small Eric J. , Anderson Mark , Fong Lawrence
Published: April 2024

Characteristics of trial patients
Supplementary Figure 8 from Induction of Viral Mimicry Upon Loss of DHX9 and ADAR1 in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Cottrell Kyle A. , Ryu Sua , Pierce Jackson R. , Soto Torres Luisangely , Bohlin Holly E. , Schab Angela M. , Weber Jason D.
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Figure 8
Supplementary Figure 10 from Induction of Viral Mimicry Upon Loss of DHX9 and ADAR1 in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Cottrell Kyle A. , Ryu Sua , Pierce Jackson R. , Soto Torres Luisangely , Bohlin Holly E. , Schab Angela M. , Weber Jason D.
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Figure 10
Tongue Pressure Resistance Training for Post-Stroke Dysphagia: A Case Study
Authors: Smaoui Sana , Peladeau-Pigeon Melanie , Mancopes Renata , Sutton Danielle , Richardson Denyse , Steele Catriona
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Swallowing outcomes regarding lingual resistance training have been mixed due to variability in methods, leading to ambiguity concerning the utility of this intervention. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of a lingual resistance training protocol on the swallowing function of an individual presenting with dysphagia and reduced tongue pressure following a supratentorial ischemic stroke. Methods: A study involving a lingual resistance training protocol with videofluoroscopy to measure outcomes comparing different parameters to ASPEKT normative reference values at three timepoints: baseline (videofluoroscopic swallowing study [VFSS] A), following a 4-week lead-in period to control for spontaneous recovery (VFSS B), and at the 8-week endpoint of treatment (VFSS C). The study was interrupted due to the COVID-19 pandemic after 1 participant enrollment and is presented as a single case study. Results: Isometric tongue pressures: Following the 4-week lead-in, a decline in maximum isometric anterior tongue pressure (MAIP) and regular effort saliva swallow pressures (RESS) was noted; however, there was no change in maximum posterior isometric tongue pressures (MPIP). Isometric tongue pressures improved post-treatment, with increases in MAIP, MPIP, and to a lesser degree RESS. Swallowing function: Impairments in swallowing safety continued between the baseline VFSS A (Penetration-Aspiration Scale score [PAS] = 8) and lead-in VFSS B (PAS = 5). Swallowing safety improved following the intervention, with PAS scores = 1 at the endpoint VFSS C. Pixel-based measures of swallowing efficiency revealed a reduced frequency of post-swallow total pharyngeal residue following the treatment. Improvements were found in two other swallowing parameters, laryngeal vestibule closure integrity and pharyngeal area at maximum pharyngeal constriction, at the endpoint VFSS. Conclusion: These pilot data suggest improvements in some swallowing parameters as an outcome of intervention.
Del menosprecio al reconocimiento. Aportes a los estudios de niñez en contextos de violencia
Authors: Gómez Mendoza Yolanda , Aros Dueñas Nelsy Lorena , Rozo Bermúdez Dora Patricia
Published: April 2024

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo comunicar los desarrollos y hallazgos de un estudio acerca de la violencia en la Institución Educativa Distrital San Cayetano,[1] ubicada en la localidad de Usme, Bogotá D. C. El propósito del mismo fue comprender cómo las manifestaciones de violencia en el contexto escolar influyen en la configuración del sujeto infante. Se trata de una investigación realizada desde una perspectiva estructural en la que se acude a las significaciones de los actores educativos sobre sus vivencias en relación con la violencia; estas fueron interpretadas desde la Teoría de Reconocimiento Intersubjetivo de Honneth y Ricœur. Dado que estas vivencias ocurren en un contexto, se caracterizó la cultura escolar para reconocer las maneras en que se asimila el programa institucional y se evidencia la participación en la producción cultural de los sujetos desde la vida cotidiana. Los principales resultados permitieron concluir que existen elementos de la dinámica escolar que dan lugar a una violencia cultural, expresada en acciones agresivas o destructivas como formas de violencia directa, así como en vivencias familiares y sociales de violencia; todas ellas con mostrada influencia en la configuración del sujeto infante. Además, se concluye que dicha influencia no es determinante al encontrarse acciones y experiencias de amor, derecho y solidaridad que se construyen en las relaciones intersubjetivas y posibilitan la construcción de una cultura de paz.

[1] Denominación administrativa que en la política educativa de la capital se les da a los centros escolares y que en adelante llamaremos organización escolar.
Gestión del talento humano en las plazas de mercado en Colombia, ¿un proceso exiguo o en construcción?
Authors: Gómez Cardona Natalia , González Marín Esperanza María
Published: April 2024

En este estudio se realizó una revisión teórica acerca del desarrollo de los procesos de gestión del talento humano en las plazas de mercado en Colombia. Sin embargo, pese a que es poca la documentación existente en relación al tema, se encontraron estudios similares en algunas pequeñas y medianas empresas, pymes, a nivel nacional. La metodología empleada consistió en revisar, por un lado, antecedentes de campo para rastrear el estado de la problemática a investigar en el contexto colombiano, y por otro, antecedentes teóricos para sustentar la importancia de los procesos de gestión humana dentro de las organizaciones. Se incluyeron también datos recabados dentro del estudio realizado por el grupo de investigación Psiqué y Sociedad de la Fundación Universitaria María Cano, para describir un caso específico de una de las plazas de mercado de la ciudad de Medellín. Se concluyó que en las plazas de mercado junto con algunas pymes en Colombia los procesos de gestión humana que se desarrollan tienen un carácter funcional y obeceden a actividades aisladas que no guardan interrelación entre ellas. De esta manera, la gestión del talento humano en las plazas de mercado y las pymes del país no logra alcanzar una perspectiva estratégica dentro de las organizaciones y aunque en teoría el ser humano ha dejado de ser considerado un recurso, este paradigma aún no se materializa en las prácticas de las organizaciones en Colombia.
Jorge Caron e a cultura arquitetônica paulista
Authors: Camargo Mônica Junqueira de
Published: April 2024

The trajectory of architect Jorge Osvaldo Caron, developed between the mid-1960s and 1990s, sharing design and teaching, with incursions in the visual, scenic, and cinema arts is obliterated by the historiography of modern São Paulo architecture. His works and his teaching activities in five different educational institutions are important contributions to architectural culture, from which and from his relations with his contemporaries, it is possible to broaden the understanding of modern architecture. The objective of this investigation is to analyse Caron’s work in the context in which it was carried out and its relations with the work of his contemporaries, providing new readings about this architecture.
O teatro romântico e sua arquitetura: notas e um comentário
Authors: Caron Jorge Osvaldo
Published: April 2024

Sem resumo.
Seneca’s Thyestes: Ode 920-969 as an Amoibaion
Authors: Słomak Iwona
Published: April 2024

This article aims to revise the editorial and interpretive tradition that regards Thy. 920-969 as a monody. Based on a systematic analysis of attribution differences in three selected plays by Seneca and, comparatively, in several other problematic places, it confirms earlier general findings: the A-branch of the MS tradition shows traces of conscious interpolation, while the codex Etruscus (E-branch) contains largely mechanical errors, which—in the case of Thy. 920-969—makes its attribution more plausible. The article further discusses the problematic passages of the ode that might have motivated interpolations, provides a critique of the interpretive assumptions supporting the A reading, and demonstrates that the attribution in the E-branch is correct in the light of the rules of Senecan poetics, as well as from the point of view of the internal logic of the text and the ethopoeia of the eponymous hero.