bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Financial Literacy Overconfidence on the Mortgage Delinquency of US Households
Authors: Kim Kyoung Tae , Lee Jonghee , Hanna Sherman D.
Published: October 2019

This study investigated the effect of objective and subjective financial literacy on mortgage payment delinquency using the 2015 National Financial Capability Study dataset. A hierarchical model showed a substantial negative effect of objective literacy on delinquency, but subjective literacy did not have a significant effect. The predicted likelihood of delinquency at the 10th percentile of objective literacy was over three times as high as the likelihood at the 90th percentile. In a model with combinations of high or low objective and subjective financial literacy, those who were overconfident had a delinquency likelihood three times as high as those who had high objective and subjective literacy. Subjective literacy had substantial effects on delinquency both for high‐ and low‐objective literacy levels. In financial education, attention should be focused not only on objective learning but also making sure consumers are aware of the limitations of their understanding.
Stimulating Housing Markets
Authors: BERGER DAVID , TURNER NICHOLAS , ZWICK ERIC
Published: October 2019

We study temporary fiscal stimulus designed to support distressed housing markets by inducing demand from buyers in the private market. Using difference‐in‐differences and regression kink research designs, we find that the First‐Time Homebuyer Credit increased home sales by 490,000 (9.8%), median home prices by $2,400 (1.1%) per standard deviation increase in program exposure, and the transition rate into homeownership by 53%. The policy response did not reverse immediately. Instead, demand comes from several years in the future: induced buyers were three years younger in 2009 than typical first‐time buyers. The program's market‐stabilizing benefits likely exceeded its direct stimulus effects.
Weight of salivary gland ultrasonography compared to other items of the 2016 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for Primary Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Jousse‐Joulin S. , Gatineau F. , Baldini C. , Baer A. , Barone F. , Bootsma H. , Bowman S. , Brito‐Zerón P. , Cornec D. , Dorner T. , de Vita S. , Fisher B. , Hammenfors D. , Jonsson M. , Mariette X. , Milic V. , Nakamura H. , Ng W.‐F. , Nowak E. , Ramos‐Casals M. , Rasmussen A. , Seror R. , Shiboski C.H. , Nakamura T. , Vissink A. , Saraux A. , Devauchelle‐Pensec V.
Published: October 2019

Objective

Major salivary gland ultrasonography (SGUS) is widely used for the diagnosis of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS). Our objective was to assess the contribution of SGUS compared to other items of the 2016 ACR/EULAR pSS classification criteria, based on expert opinion.

Methods

A secure web‐based relational database was used by 24 experts from 14 countries to assess 512 realistic vignettes developed from data of patients with suspected pSS. Each vignette provided classification criteria items and information on history, clinical symptoms and SGUS findings. Each expert assessed 64 vignettes, and each vignette was assessed by 3 experts. A diagnosis of pSS was defined according to at least 2 of 3 experts. Validation was performed in the independent French DiapSS cohort of patients with suspected pSS.

Results

A criteria‐based pSS diagnosis and SGUS findings were independently associated with an expert diagnosis of pSS (P < 0.001). The derived diagnostic weights of individual items in the 2016 ACR/EULAR criteria including SGUS were as follows: anti‐SSA, 3; focus score ≥ 1, 3; SGUS score ≥ 2, 1; positive Schirmer’s test, 1; dry mouth, 1; and salivary flow rate < 0.1 mL/min, 1. The corrected C statistic area under the curve for the new weighted score was 0.96. Adding SGUS improves the sensitivity from 90.2 % to 95.6% with a quite similar specificity 84.1% versus 82.6%. Results were similar in the DiapSS cohort: adding SGUS improves the sensitivity from 87% to 93%.

Conclusion

SGUS had similar weight compared to minor items, and its addition improves the performance of the 2016 ACR/EULAR classification criteria.
The Staphylococcus aureus ArlRS two‐component system regulates virulence factor expression through MgrA
Authors: Crosby Heidi A. , Tiwari Nitija , Kwiecinski Jakub M. , Xu Zhen , Dykstra Allison , Jenul Christian , Fuentes Ernesto J. , Horswill Alexander R.
Published: October 2019

The Gram‐positive bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus, is a versatile pathogen that can sense and adapt to a wide variety of environments within the human host, in part through its 16 two‐component regulatory systems. The ArlRS two‐component system has been shown to affect many cellular processes in S. aureus, including autolysis, biofilm formation, capsule synthesis and virulence. Yet the molecular details of this regulation remained largely unknown. We used RNA sequencing to identify the ArlRS regulon, and found 70% overlap with that of the global regulator MgrA. These genes included cell wall‐anchored adhesins (ebh, sdrD), polysaccharide and capsule synthesis genes, cell wall remodeling genes (lytN, ddh), the urease operon, genes involved in metal transport (feoA, mntH, sirA), anaerobic metabolism genes (adhE, pflA, nrdDG) and a large number of virulence factors (lukSF, lukAB, nuc, gehB, norB, chs, scn and esxA). We show that ArlR directly activates expression of mgrA and identify a probable ArlR‐binding site (TTTTCTCAT‐N4‐TTTTAATAA). A highly similar sequence is also found in the spx P2 promoter, which was recently shown to be regulated by ArlRS. We also demonstrate that ArlS has kinase activity toward ArlR in vitro, although it has slower kinetics than other similar histidine kinases.
Candida auris in various hospitals across Kuwait and their susceptibility and molecular basis of resistance to antifungal drugs
Authors: Ahmad Suhail , Khan Ziauddin , Al‐Sweih Noura , Alfouzan Wadha , Joseph Leena
Published: October 2019

Background

Candida auris, a multidrug‐resistant species, has the propensity of nosocomial transmission despite normal decontamination procedures. Here, we describe the isolation of C auris from patients in various hospitals in Kuwait during 2014‐2018. Susceptibility to antifungal drugs and molecular basis of resistance to fluconazole, voriconazole and micafungin were also studied.

Methods

Candida auris (n = 314) obtained from 126 patients in eight hospitals were studied. All isolates were identified by PCR amplification and/or PCR‐sequencing of ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Antifungal susceptibility was determined by Etest. Molecular basis of resistance to fluconazole and micafungin was studied by PCR‐sequencing of ERG11 and FKS1 genes, respectively.

Findings

Bloodstream (n = 58), urine (n = 124), respiratory (n = 98) and other (n = 34) specimens yielded 314 C auris isolates. The proportion of bloodstream C auris among all yeast isolates was higher (42 of 307, 13.7%) in 2018 as compared to 2014‐2017 (16 of 964, 1.7%) (P = .001). More bloodstream isolates (42 of 139) were cultured in 2018 than during 2014‐2017 (16 of 175) (P = .001). Resistance to amphotericin B, fluconazole, voriconazole and micafungin was detected in 27.1%, 100%, 41.1% and 1.7% isolates, respectively. Fluconazole‐resistant isolates contained either Y132F or K143R mutation in ERG11. Isolates with K143R mutation were additionally resistant to voriconazole. Micafungin‐resistant isolates contained S639F mutation in hot spot 1 of FKS1.

Conclusions

Our study highlights spreading of C auris in major hospitals across Kuwait and its increasing role as a bloodstream pathogen in 2018. Cross‐resistance to voriconazole was also seen in isolates with K143R mutation in ERG11, while micafungin‐resistant isolates harboured S639F mutation in hot spot 1 of FKS1.
Network relationships and standard adoption: Diffusion effects in transnational regulatory networks
Authors: van der Heijden Machiel , Schalk Jelmer
Published: October 2019

The soft law measures that transnational regulatory networks produce have become increasingly important in regulating cross‐border market activity. However, domestic agencies vary considerably in terms of the rate by which these soft law measures are adopted, and the ways in which they spread across jurisdictions are not well understood. This article argues that existing theoretical explanations referring to socialization or power dynamics have a specific network‐structural pattern associated with them, and that longitudinal network analysis can be used to test their hypothesized effects. In particular, we study the widespread adoption of the International Organization of Securities Commissions’ (IOSCO) Multilateral Memorandum of Understanding (MMoU). Based on a longitudinal dataset (2002–15) of the inter‐agency relationships between securities regulators (n = 109), we use Stochastic Actor‐Oriented Models (SAOM) to predict the rate at which transnational standards are adopted by domestic agencies. The results indicate that standard adoption is contagious in the network of securities regulators.
Ameliorating effects of biochar on photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidant defence of Phragmites karka under drought stress
Authors: Abideen Z. , Koyro H.‐W. , Huchzermeyer B. , Ansari R. , Zulfiqar F. , Gul B.
Published: October 2019

Biochar (BC) has been reported to improve growth and drought resistance in many plants. However, adequate information on the drought resistance mechanism mediated of BC on Phragmites karka, a bioenergy plant, is not available.

The impact of BC addition (0%, 0.75% and 2.5%) on plant growth and physiology of P. karka under drought was assessed.

Soil water‐holding capacity and soil water content were significantly improved with 0.75% BC as compared with the un‐amended controls.

This resulted in improved plant performance under drought conditions. An increase of parameters, such as plant fresh and dry biomass, root to shoot ratio and root mass fraction, was paralleled by an increase of chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis rate and water use efficiency of plants. Plants treated with 0.75% BC experienced less oxidative stress due to higher photosystem II efficiency and stimulated activity of antioxidant defense systems.

Our results demonstrate that soil amendment with 0.75% BC allow the potential energy plant P. karka to grow in an arid habitat.
When Conflict Traumas Fragment: Investigating the Sociopsychological Roots of Turkey’s Intractable Conflict
Authors: Adisonmez Umut Can
Published: October 2019

This article investigates the historical processes contributing towards the specific development of Turkey after the 1920s that in turn established the main contours of Turkey's conflict with the Partiya Karkerên Kurdistanê (PKK). It first argues that the traumatic conflict memories of the Turkish leadership (1918–35) influenced its individual‐level patterns of actions. These memories were used by the leadership to consolidate its imagined national agency in Turkey. The leadership perceived the traditional‐conservative groups as ontological insecurity sources, jeopardizing this agency. It second claims that Turkey's military apparatus is designed to silence these ontological insecurity sources. Finally, it claims these developments informed the ways in which the PKK's narratives of rebellion were constructed. Empirically, it problematizes the impact of the Ottoman Empire's collapse on the Turkish elites. Then, through a discourse analysis of elites' speeches and legal documents, it traces their anxieties to the Ottoman Empire's traumatic end. This article contributes to the trauma literature on ontological security and the emotions literature in International Relations in two ways. It first explores the particular national context in which traumatic memories are shaped and in turn articulated through emotional performances. Secondly, it shows the interplay between sociopsychological processes of security and agency making.
Does Strategic Planning Improve Organizational Performance? A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: George Bert , Walker Richard M. , Monster Joost
Published: October 2019

Strategic planning is a widely adopted management approach in contemporary organizations. Underlying its popularity is the assumption that it is a successful practice in public and private organizations that has positive consequences for organizational performance. Nonetheless, strategic planning has been criticized for being overly rational and for inhibiting strategic thinking. This article undertakes a meta‐analysis of 87 correlations from 31 empirical studies and asks, Does strategic planning improve organizational performance? A random‐effects meta‐analysis reveals that strategic planning has a positive, moderate, and significant impact on organizational performance. Meta‐regression analysis suggests that the positive impact of strategic planning on organizational performance is strongest when performance is measured as effectiveness and when strategic planning is measured as formal strategic planning. This impact holds across sectors (private and public) and countries (U.S. and non‐U.S. contexts). Implications for public administration theory, research, and practice are discussed in the conclusion.
SPATIAL PRICE EQUILIBRIUM AND THE TRANSPORT SECTOR: A TRADE‐CONSISTENT SCGE MODEL
Authors: Ando Asao , Meng Bo
Published: October 2019

In spatial computable general equilibrium models, interregional trade ought to play an important role in determining the spatial price equilibrium. Although the Armington assumption is commonly employed to describe cross‐hauling, many of the existing models do not explicitly consider the behavior of transport firms. This paper presents a framework that is compatible with the Armington assumption and explicitly considers transport activities. In the model, the trade coefficient takes the form of a potential function, and the equilibrium market price becomes similar to the price index in the context of new economic geography. The features of the model are investigated by using the minimal setting, which comprises two nontransport sectors and three regions. Because transport costs are given exogenously, the commodity prices are determined relative to them. The model can be described as a system of homogeneous equations, where an output in one region can arbitrarily be determined similarly as a price in the Walrasian equilibrium.
Comparison of motor competence in children aged 6‐9 years across northern, central, and southern European regions
Authors: Laukkanen Arto , Bardid Farid , Lenoir Matthieu , Lopes Vitor P. , Vasankari Tommi , Husu Pauliina , Sääkslahti Arja
Published: October 2019

The present study aimed to examine differences in motor competence (MC) in children aged 6‐9 years old in northern, central, and southern European regions using the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK). The secondary aim of the study was to examine interactions between region and children's age, sex, and weight status (determined as healthy weight or overweight/obese). Data were pooled from independent studies conducted in Finland (mean age 7.81 ± 1.19 years, n = 690), Belgium (mean age 8.25 ± 1.09 years, n = 1896), and Portugal (mean age 8.31 ± 1.02 years, n = 758) between 2008 and 2016. Cross‐cultural differences in MC and interaction effects were tested using ANOVAs and ANCOVAs. Age, sex, and BMI percentile were used as covariates. Geographical region significantly explained 19% of the variance in MC, while BMI (5%), sex (3%), and age (0.3%) were significant covariates. The interaction effect of region and age (5%), region and sex (0.6%), and region and BMI (0.2%) on MC was also significant. Cross‐cultural differences in children's MC increased substantially across age, independent of weight status. Girls slightly underperformed in MC compared to boys in regions where the overall level of MC was lower. Interestingly, the association between body weight status and MC was relatively consistent across the regions. Future cross‐cultural studies should further explore the influence of individual (eg, physical activity) and environmental (eg, physical activity and sport policy) factors on MC development.
Neural Markers of Event Boundaries
Authors: Bilkey David K. , Jensen Charlotte
Published: October 2019

The continuous flow of sensorimotor experience is segmented into events that are stored in memory as discrete representations. These events are subsequently available for reconstruction into episodic memories or to be recombined for future thinking, prediction and imagination. Here we briefly review the patterns of brain activity that accompany the processing of events, and the transitions between them, with an aim to identifying signals that would serve as event boundary markers (EBMs). Since many previous studies have highlighted a role for the hippocampus in episodic memory function, consolidation and future thinking, we focus on activity in this region. In particular, we describe the brief bursts of hippocampal activity known as sharp‐wave ripples (SWRs), which tend to occur following the cessation of units of behavior, making them putative EBM candidates. While most current models of SWR function tend to focus on a potential role in memory consolidation or preplay linked to future thinking, here we consider an interpretation that incorporates an EBM component.
Critiquing the Health Belief Model and Sexual Risk Behaviours among Adolescents: A Narrative Review of Familial and Peer Influence
Authors: O’Dwyer Michael C.T. , Dune Tinashe , Bidewell John , Liamputtong Pranee
Published: October 2019

Research into the rising rates of sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancies among adolescents has highlighted the challenge in developing sexual education campaigns that affect behavioural change. Frequent attempts to apply the otherwise robust Health Belief Model to the challenge of high-risk sexual behaviours have yielded confounding results from sexually active teens who discount the seriousness of consequences or their susceptibility to them. Social dynamics involving familial and peer relationships may strongly influence teen sexual risk-taking; the growing population of sexual risk-takers is strongly associated with disengaged family environments and a shift in alliance from family to peer community. This shift in identification to peer groups, in the absence of supportive parental relationships, is correlated with permissive and coercive sexual behaviour and a future of substance abuse, depression, sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancy.This paper seeks to explore the correlation between peer interaction and parental relationships and availability, while assessing the predictive value of the Health Belief Model in relation to adolescent high risk sexual behaviour. Doing so can inform research to further clarify the nature of these associations and investigate new insights into adolescent sexual dynamics and new policy and programming approaches to sexual health promotion.
¿Cuáles son las respuestas de los periodistas de Ecuador tras la implementación de la Ley Orgánica de Comunicación?
Authors: Henao Bedoya Ricardo , Barredo Ibáñez Daniel
Published: October 2019

Con la Ley Orgánica de Comunicación de Ecuador, aprobada en 2013, el gobierno de este país propuso la transformación del sistema mediático por medio de la creación de novedosas instituciones de monitoreo y supervisión, y el establecimiento de numerosos preceptos que aspiran a generar una mayor inclusión de las minorías, a favorecer una mayor diversidad y, en general, a democratizar el acceso, el desarrollo y la difusión de contenidos informativos. En este trabajo presentamos los resultados de una entrevista en profundidad realizada a periodistas ecuatorianos de medios públicos y privados nacionales. Los resultados describen los aspectos clave para entender los efectos de la referida ley sobre los profesionales, tales como cuáles son los factores de presión percibidos, a partir de qué estrategias canalizan las resistencias contra las imposiciones, o bien cómo se relacionan con las nuevas instituciones de control.
Pressure Transient Behaviors of Vertical Fractured Wells With Asymmetric Fracture Patterns
Authors: Zhang Qiushi , Wang Daohan , Zeng Fanhua , Guo Zixi , Wei Nan
Published: October 2019

It is well proven that hydraulic fracturing may cause a complex fracture network or an asymmetric fracture pattern. This study aims to develop a model to analyze the pressure transient behaviors for asymmetric fracture patterns. Some physical models were built to describe the asymmetric of fracture length and conductivity. In order to solve the model, each fracture was discreted to several segments and each segment was treated as a line source. According to theory of superposition, we coupled the flow rate and pressure in the boundaries and the middle point of segments. After a Laplace transform to the mathematical model, the flow rate of each line source can be calculated. We used Stehfest inversion algorithm to determine the simulation results in a real-time domain. The calculation results show that the asymmetry of fracture patterns or properties can make a significant change in pressure and derivation curves. If only primary fracture is considered, it is difficult to differentiate the flow period. If the fracture patterns contain several secondary fractures, the derivation curve shows an obvious pseudo-radial flow in the early period.
Correlation between sputter deposition parameters and I-V characteristics in double-barrier memristive devices
Authors: Zahari Finn , Schlichting Felix , Strobel Julian , Dirkmann Sven , Cipo Julia , Gauter Sven , Trieschmann Jan , Marquardt Richard , Haberfehlner Georg , Kothleitner Gerald , Kienle Lorenz , Mussenbrock Thomas , Ziegler Martin , Kersten Holger , Kohlstedt Hermann
Published: October 2019

Sputter deposition is one of the most important techniques for the fabrication of memristive devices. It allows us to adjust the concentration of defects within the fabricated metal-oxide thin film layers. The defect concentration is important for those memristive devices whose resistance changes during device operation due to the drift of ions within the active layer while an electric field is applied. Reversible change of the resistance is an important property for devices used in neuromorphic circuits to emulate synaptic behavior. These novel bioinspired hardware architectures are ascertained in terms of advantageous features such as lower power dissipation and improved cognitive capabilities compared to state-of-the-art digital electronics. Thus, memristive devices are intensively studied with regard to neuromorphic analog systems. Double-barrier memristive devices with the layer sequence Nb/Al/Al2O3/NbOx/Au are promising candidates to emulate analog synaptic behavior in hardware. Here, the niobium oxide acts as the active layer, in which charged defects can drift due to an applied electric field causing analog resistive switching. In this publication, crucial parameters of the process plasma for thin film deposition, such as floating potential, electron temperature, and the energy flux to the substrate, are correlated with the I-V characteristics of the individual memristive devices. The results from plasma diagnostics are combined with microscopic and simulation methods. Strong differences in the oxidation state of the niobium oxide layers were found by transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, kinetic Monte Carlo simulations indicate the impact of the defect concentration within the NbOx layer on the I-V hysteresis. The findings may enable a new pathway for the development of plasma-engineered memristive devices tailored for specific application.
Hexagonal boron nitride grown using high atomic boron emission during microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Chakrabarty Kallol , Arnold Ivan , Catledge Shane A.
Published: October 2019

Boron nitride (BN) is a member of Group III nitrides and continues to spark interest among the scientific community for its mechanical properties, chemical inertness, thermal conductivity, and electrical insulating properties. In this study, microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition is used to synthesize BN on silicon substrates. Feed gas mixtures of H2, NH3, and B2H6 are used for a range of systematically varied power, pressure, and flow rate conditions. Plasma optical emission from atomic boron is shown to increase nonlinearly by nearly a factor of five with decreasing chamber pressure in the range from 100 to 10 Torr. Copious amounts of atomic boron in the plasma may be beneficial under some growth conditions for producing high hardness boron-rich nitrides, such as B13N2, B50N2, or B6N, which, to date, have only been synthesized under high pressure/high temperature conditions. Despite the higher atomic boron emission in the plasma at low pressure, BN coatings grown at 15 Torr result in hexagonal BN (B/N ratio of 1), regardless of the B2H6 flow rate used in the range of 0.6–3.0 sccm.
A model of speech production based on the acoustic relativity of the vocal tract
Authors: Story Brad H. , Bunton Kate
Published: October 2019

A model is described in which the effects of articulatory movements to produce speech are generated by specifying relative acoustic events along a time axis. These events consist of directional changes of the vocal tract resonance frequencies that, when associated with a temporal event function, are transformed via acoustic sensitivity functions, into time-varying modulations of the vocal tract shape. Because the time course of the events may be considerably overlapped in time, coarticulatory effects are automatically generated. Production of sentence-level speech with the model is demonstrated with audio samples and vocal tract animations.
Low-temperature synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Titan’s surface ices and on airless bodies
Authors: Abplanalp Matthew J. , Frigge Robert , Kaiser Ralf I.
Published: October 2019

Model ices related to Titan’s surface show that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are not solely formed in Titan’s atmosphere.
Chain formation can enhance the vertical migration of phytoplankton through turbulence
Authors: Lovecchio Salvatore , Climent Eric , Stocker Roman , Durham William M.
Published: October 2019

The elongated shape of multicellular phytoplankton chains helps them migrate through turbulence.
PP2Cδ inhibits p300-mediated p53 acetylation via ATM/BRCA1 pathway to impede DNA damage response in breast cancer
Authors: Li Qun , Hao Qiongyu , Cao Wei , Li Jieqing , Wu Ke , Elshimali Yahya , Zhu Donghui , Chen Qiao-Hong , Chen Guanglin , Pollack Jonathan R. , Vadgama Jay , Wu Yong
Published: October 2019

Aberrant PP2Cδ inhibits p300-mediated p53 acetylation and activation via the ATM/BRCA1 pathway, leading to cancer progression.
Targeting CCR5 trafficking to inhibit HIV-1 infection
Authors: Boncompain Gaelle , Herit Floriane , Tessier Sarah , Lescure Aurianne , Del Nery Elaine , Gestraud Pierre , Staropoli Isabelle , Fukata Yuko , Fukata Masaki , Brelot Anne , Niedergang Florence , Perez Franck
Published: October 2019

The diversity of secretory routes enabled the identification of specific inhibitors of CCR5 transport and HIV-1 infection.
Earliest occupation of the Central Aegean (Naxos), Greece: Implications for hominin andHomo sapiens’ behavior and dispersals
Authors: Carter Tristan , Contreras Daniel A. , Holcomb Justin , Mihailović Danica D. , Karkanas Panagiotis , Guérin Guillaume , Taffin Ninon , Athanasoulis Dimitris , Lahaye Christelle
Published: October 2019

A ≥200,000-year-old Aegean Basin site suggests wider dispersal of hominins and early modern humans than believed previously.
Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement remediates hedonic dysregulation in opioid users: Neural and affective evidence of target engagement
Authors: Garland Eric L. , Atchley Rachel M. , Hanley Adam W. , Zubieta Jon-Kar , Froeliger Brett
Published: October 2019

Mindfulness-based therapy changes brain responses to drug cues and healthy natural rewards in chronic opioid users.
Controlled ploidy reduction of pluripotent 4n cells generates 2n cells during mouse embryo development
Authors: Frade João , Nakagawa Shoma , Cortes Paola , di Vicino Umberto , Romo Neus , Lluis Frederic , Cosma Maria Pia
Published: October 2019

Mouse pluripotent tetraploid cells generate diploid cells during embryogenesis through nonrandom chromosome segregation.
Cryo–electron microscopy structure and analysis of the P-Rex1–Gβγ signaling scaffold
Authors: Cash Jennifer N. , Urata Sarah , Li Sheng , Ravala Sandeep K. , Avramova Larisa V. , Shost Michael D. , Gutkind J. Silvio , Tesmer John J. G. , Cianfrocco Michael A.
Published: October 2019

The cryo-EM structure of P-Rex1 bound to Gβγ reveals the configuration of an important membrane-associated signaling scaffold.
Current advances in research in treatment and recovery: Nicotine addiction
Authors: Prochaska Judith J. , Benowitz Neal L.
Published: October 2019

This review covers the changing tobacco product marketplace and evidence-based approaches to prevent and treat nicotine addiction.
Rapid, large-volume, thermally controlled 3D printing using a mobile liquid interface
Authors: Walker David A. , Hedrick James L. , Mirkin Chad A.
Published: October 2019

Large-scale, continuous 3D printing

Many three-dimensional (3D) printing methods build up structures layer by layer, which causes a lamination layer between each discrete step. Continuous printing can be done from a fluid bed if a so-called dead layer is used to buffer between the solidified structure and pool of resin. However, printing speeds are limited by the heat buildup from the exothermic polymerization process, thus limiting the ultimate size of the printed object. Walker
et al.
use a pumped, nonreactive fluorinated oil to act as the dead layer that removes heat during polymerization. This approach allows for both speedup and scale-up of the printing process.

Science
, this issue p.
360
Light
-
driven deracemization enabled by excited
-
state electron transfer
Authors: Shin Nick Y. , Ryss Jonathan M. , Zhang Xin , Miller Scott J. , Knowles Robert R.
Published: October 2019

Charging through the looking glass

Asymmetric catalysis is a commonly applied technique to prepare just one of two mirror-image products in a chemical reaction. But what if you already have the compound you want, stuck in a mixture of left- and right-handed enantiomers? Shin
et al.
now show that light-induced electron transfer can trigger a favorable succession of proton and hydrogen-atom transfer steps, both of which are susceptible to biasing by catalysts, to preferentially convert a mixture of cyclic urea enantiomers into just one (see the Perspective by Wendlandt).

Science
, this issue p.
364
; see also p.
304
Hierarchical interlocked orthogonal faulting in the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence
Authors: Ross Zachary E. , Idini Benjamín , Jia Zhe , Stephenson Oliver L. , Zhong Minyan , Wang Xin , Zhan Zhongwen , Simons Mark , Fielding Eric J. , Yun Sang-Ho , Hauksson Egill , Moore Angelyn W. , Liu Zhen , Jung Jungkyo
Published: October 2019

Many ruptures across many scales

The period of seismic quiescence in Southern California was rudely interrupted by the Ridgecrest earthquake sequence in July 2019. Ross
et al.
mapped the slip sequences during the magnitude 6.4 and 7.1 earthquakes that shook the region. They found that ruptures of a few larger, but many smaller, faults occurred during both earthquakes. The Ridgecrest sequence calls for rethinking seismic hazard, as multifault ruptures are not usually considered when assessing seismic risk.

Science
, this issue p.
346
Astrocyte molecular signatures in Huntington’s disease
Authors: Diaz-Castro Blanca , Gangwani Mohitkumar R. , Yu Xinzhu , Coppola Giovanni , Khakh Baljit S.
Published: October 2019

Astrocyte gene expression is altered in mouse models of Huntington’s disease and in postmortem brain samples from patients with HD.
Keeping nanoparticles within the joint
Authors: Curtis Annie
Published: October 2019

Manganese dioxide nanoparticles target chondrocytes, protecting cartilage tissue from inflammation-induced oxidative damage.
Effect of Quorum Sensing on the Ability of
Desulfovibrio vulgaris
To Form Biofilms and To Biocorrode Carbon Steel in Saline Conditions
Authors: Scarascia Giantommaso , Lehmann Robert , Machuca Laura L. , Morris Christina , Cheng Ka Yu , Kaksonen Anna , Hong Pei-Ying
Published: October 2019

Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are considered key contributors to biocorrosion, particularly in saline environments. Biocorrosion imposes tremendous economic costs, and common approaches to mitigate this problem involve the use of toxic and hazardous chemicals (e.g., chlorine), which raise health and environmental safety concerns. Quorum-sensing inhibitors (QSIs) can be used as an alternative approach to inhibit biofilm formation and biocorrosion. However, this approach would only be effective if SRB rely on QS for the pathways associated with biocorrosion. These pathways would include biofilm formation, electron transfer, and metabolism. This study demonstrates the role of QS in
Desulfovibrio vulgaris
on the above-mentioned pathways through both phenotypic measurements and transcriptomic approach. The results of this study suggest that QSIs can be used to mitigate SRB-induced corrosion problems in ecologically sensitive areas.
Sterilizing Processes and Mechanisms for Treatment of Escherichia coli with Dielectric-Barrier Discharge Plasma
Authors: Wang Hao , Zhang Liyang , Luo Haiyun , Wang Xinxin , Tie Jinfeng , Ren Zhe
Published: October 2019

Compared with traditional methods, plasma sterilization has advantages of high efficiency, easy operation, and environmental protection. This may be more suitable for air and sewage sterilization in specific spaces, such as hospitals, laboratories, and pharmaceutical factories. However, the mechanisms of sterilization are still relatively unknown, especially for bactericidal activities. Knowledge of sterilization processes provides guidance for practical applications. For example, the bactericidal action mainly occurs during the reaction period, and the treatment time can be set based on the reaction period, which could save a lot of energy. The results of this study will help to improve the efficiency of plasma sterilization devices.
Communication within East Antarctic Soil Bacteria
Authors: Wong Sin Yin , Charlesworth James C. , Benaud Nicole , Burns Brendan P. , Ferrari Belinda C.
Published: October 2019

Quorum sensing, a type of bacterial communication, is widely known to regulate many processes, including those that confer a survival advantage. However, little is known about communication by bacteria residing within Antarctic soils. Employing a combination of bacterial biosensors, analytical techniques, and genome mining, we found a variety of Antarctic soil bacteria speaking a common language, via LuxI/LuxR-based quorum sensing, thus potentially supporting survival in a mixed microbial community. This study reports potential quorum sensing activity in Antarctic soils and has provided a platform for studying physiological adaptations of microorganisms that allow them to survive in the harsh Antarctic environment.
Impact of Fragmentation on Commutability of Epstein-Barr Virus and Cytomegalovirus Quantitative Standards
Authors: Hayden R. T. , Tang L. , Su Y. , Cook L. , Gu Z. , Jerome K. R. , Boonyaratanakornkit J. , Sam S. , Pounds S. , Caliendo A. M.
Published: October 2019

Despite the adaptation of international standards, quantitative viral load testing of transplant-associated viruses continues to be limited by interlaboratory disagreement. Studies have suggested that this disagreement and the poor commutability of standards may, in some cases, be linked to amplicon size and the fragmentation of circulating viral DNA.
Weak
cis
and
trans
Interactions of the Hemagglutinin with Receptors Trigger Fusion Proteins of Neuropathogenic Measles Virus Isolates
Authors: Shirogane Yuta , Hashiguchi Takao , Yanagi Yusuke
Published: October 2019

Measles virus (MeV) may persist in the brain, causing incurable subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). Because neurons, the main target in SSPE, do not express receptors for wild-type (WT) MeV, how MeV propagates in the brain is a key question for the disease. Recent studies have demonstrated that specific substitutions in the MeV fusion (F) protein are critical for neuropathogenicity. Here, we show that weak
cis
and
trans
interactions of the MeV attachment protein with receptors that are not sufficient to trigger the WT MeV F protein can trigger the mutant F proteins from neuropathogenic MeV isolates. Our study not only provides an important clue to understand MeV neuropathogenicity but also reveals a novel viral strategy to expand cell tropism.
Microbial Diversity of the Red Sea Urchin Loxechinus albus during Controlled Farming in Puerto Montt, Chile, Using 16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Sequencing
Authors: Medina Daniel A. , Suárez Rudy , Godoy Marcos
Published: October 2019

Loxechinus albus
is a shallow-water sea urchin, and its distribution is related to the cold water of the Southern Hemisphere. Recently, bacterial communities, also called microbiota, in sea urchins have started being explored. In this report, we have characterized the surface, testa, and gonad microbiota using 16S rRNA sequencing.
Draft Genome Sequences of 10 Bacterial Strains Isolated from an Abandoned Coal Mine in Southeast Kansas
Authors: Steinbock Brady , Bechtold Rachel , Sevigny Joseph L. , Thomas Devin , Thomas W. Kelley , Ghosh Anuradha
Published: October 2019

Here, we report 10 bacterial strains isolated from an abandoned coal mine in southeast Kansas to determine their potential for bioremediation through comparison of the genome sizes and distribution patterns of unique metabolic genes. The selected strains belong to the genera
Arthrobacter
,
Jeotgalibacillus
,
Kocuria
,
Microbacterium
,
Pantoea
,
Rhodococcus
,
Vibrio
,
Brevibacterium
, and
Paenibacillus
.
16S rRNA Amplicon Sequencing of Sediment Bacterial Communities in an Oyster Farm in Rhode Island
Authors: Stevens Joshua T. E. , Fulweiler Robinson W. , Roy Chowdhury Priyanka
Published: October 2019

Little is known about the impact of oyster farming on sediment microbial communities. Here, we use 16S rRNA gene sequencing to identify bacterial communities in 24 sediment samples collected from an oyster farm in Ninigret Pond, RI. A total of 13,147 unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were assigned, with
Proteobacteria
being the dominant phyla across all samples.
Establishing Renal Proximal Tubule Epithelial-Derived Cell Lines Expressing Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase for Studying BK Polyomavirus
Authors: Zhao Linbo , Imperiale Michael J.
Published: October 2019

We previously established an infection model for BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) in primary human renal proximal tubule epithelial (RPTE) cells. Use of these cells is limited by their inability to be passaged extensively. Here, we describe RPTE cells immortalized with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), which can serve as a model system for acute or persistent BKPyV infection.
Анализ RANS/ILES методом влияния переменной теплоемкости на характеристики пульсаций давления в высокоскоростном воздухозаборнике
Authors: Любимов Дмитрий Александрович , Lyubimov Dmitriy Alexandrovich
Published: October 2019

С помощью RANS/ILES метода проанализировано влияние переменной теплоемкости на особенности течения и спектры пульсаций давления для различных режимов работы модельного высокоскоростного воздухозаборника. Зависимость теплоемкости от температуры описывается полиномом четвертой степени. Дано краткое
описание метода расчета и технологии вычисления теплоемкости с высоким порядком на гранях расчетных ячеек, согласованной со способом расчета параметров течения. Расчеты выполнены при температуре набегающего потока, соответствующей реальным условиям полета.
Сравнение двух вихреразрешающих методик повышенной точности на неструктурированных сетках применительно к моделированию струйного течения из двухконтурного сопла
Authors: Босняков Сергей Михайлович , Bosnyakov Sergei Mikhailovich , Волков Андрей Викторович , Volkov Andrei Viktorovich , Дубень Алексей Петрович , Duben Aleksei Petrovich , Запрягаев Валерий Иванович , Zapryagaev Valerii Ivanovich , Козубская Татьяна Константиновна , Kozubskaya Tatiana Konstantinovna , Михайлов Сергей Владимирович , Mikhailov Sergei Vladimirovich , Трошин Алексей Игоревич , Troshin Aleksei Igorevich , Цветкова Валерия Олеговна , Tsvetkova Valeriya Olegovna
Published: October 2019

Представлены результаты расчетов истекающей из двухконтурного сопла струи,
полученные с помощью различных вычислительных алгоритмов, разрабатываемых
в ЦАГИ и ИПМ им. М.В. Келдыша РАН. Применены вихреразрешающие подходы
семейства DES на базе численных методов повышенной точности. Рассматриваемое течение исследовалось экспериментально в ИТПМ СО РАН. Струя была осесимметричной с точностью до влияния поддерживающих пилонов, холодной, дозвуковой на выходе из внутреннего контура и сверхзвуковой - из внешнего. Проведено сопоставление расчетных данных с экспериментом и между собой.
Численное моделирование сверхзвукового отрывного обтекания обратного наклонного уступа методами RANS и LES
Authors: Босняков Сергей Михайлович , Bosnyakov Sergei Mikhailovich , Дубень Алексей Петрович , Duben Aleksei Petrovich , Желтоводов Александр Андреевич , Zheltovodov Aleksandr Andreevich , Козубская Татьяна Константиновна , Kozubskaya Tatiana Konstantinovna , Матяш Сергей Владимирович , Matyash Sergei Vladimirovich , Михайлов Сергей Владимирович , Mikhailov Sergei Vladimirovich
Published: October 2019

Дано описание двух методов расчета обтекания сложных тестовых конфигураций. Один метод реализует хорошо известный подход к решению осредненных по Рейнольдсу уравнений Навье-Стокса (RANS) с замыкающей дифференциальной моделью турбулентности. Другой метод основан на вихреразрешающем подходе LES с пристеночным моделированием (WMLES). Рассмотрена классическая задача обтекания наклонного обратного уступа с образованием волн разрежения, интенсивных скачков уплотнения и зон отрывного течения. Проведено сопоставление расчетных и экспериментальных данных. Описана физическая картина реализующегося течения. Проведены оценки точности обоих подходов к решению поставленной задачи.
Fifteen-minute consultation: Symptoms and signs of meningococcal disease
Authors: Corr Michael , Waterfield Thomas , Shields Michael
Published: October 2019

Meningococcal disease remains a leading cause of meningitis, sepsis and death in children worldwide and in the UK. Successful vaccination programmes in the UK have, however, significantly reduced the burden of disease in children. Unfortunately, despite vaccination, a significant number of children are still diagnosed with invasive meningococcal disease each year.

As the prevalence of meningococcal disease falls, it is important that we maintain awareness of the symptoms and signs of meningococcal disease because the prompt recognition of this life-threatening infection improves outcomes.

In this article we discuss the pathology, epidemiology and recognition of invasive meningococcal disease in children. The aim is to maintain awareness of this rare but life-threatening infection.
Duration of initial antibiotic course is associated with recurrent relapse in protracted bacterial bronchitis
Authors: Gross-Hodge Ellen , Carroll Will D , Rainford Naomi , Gamble Carrol , Gilchrist Francis J
Published: October 2019

Protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) is the leading cause of chronic wet cough in young children from developed countries. Despite its high prevalence there is a paucity of evidence to inform the optimal duration of treatment leading to variation in practice. Relapse of chronic cough is common and recurrent PBB (>3 episodes in 12 months) is associated with a future diagnosis of bronchiectasis. We investigated the factors associated with any relapse (≥1 episode in 12 months) and recurrent PBB in 66 children. No factor was significantly associated with any relapse. Duration of initial antibiotic treatment was the only factor significantly associated with recurrent PBB. Those who received antibiotics for 6 weeks antibiotics were less likely to develop recurrent PBB than those who received for 2 weeks (p=0.046). This is the first study to show an association between duration of initial antibiotic course and therefore future bronchiectasis. Prospective studies are needed to investigate this association.
The UroLife study: protocol for a Dutch prospective cohort on lifestyle habits in relation to non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer prognosis and health-related quality of life
Authors: de Goeij Liesbeth , Westhoff Ellen , Witjes J Alfred , Aben Katja KH , Kampman Ellen , Kiemeney Lambertus ALM , Vrieling Alina
Published: October 2019

Introduction

Patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) have a good survival but are at high risk for tumour recurrence and disease progression. It is important to identify lifestyle habits that may reduce the risk of recurrence and progression and improve health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This paper describes the rationale and design of the UroLife study. The main aim of this study is to evaluate whether lifestyle habits are related to prognosis and HRQOL in patients with NMIBC.

Methods and analysis

The UroLife study is a multicentre prospective cohort study among more than 1100 newly diagnosed patients with NMIBC recruited from 22 hospitals in the Netherlands. At 6 weeks and 3, 15 and 51 months after diagnosis, participants fill out a general questionnaire, and questionnaires about their lifestyle habits and HRQOL. At 3, 15 and 51 months after diagnosis, information about fluid intake and micturition is collected with a 4-day diary. At 3 and 15 months after diagnosis, patients donate blood samples for DNA extraction and (dietary) biomarker analysis. Tumour samples are collected from all patients with T1 disease to assess molecular subtypes. Information about disease characteristics and therapy for the primary tumour and subsequent recurrences is collected from the medical records by the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Statistical analyses will be adjusted for age, gender, tumour characteristics and other known confounders.

Ethics and dissemination

The study protocol has been approved by the Committee for Human Research region Arnhem-Nijmegen (CMO 2013-494). Patients who agree to participate in the study provide written informed consent. The findings from our study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed scientific journals and presentations at (inter)national scientific meetings. Patients will be informed about the progress and results of this study through biannual newsletters and through the website of the study and of the bladder cancer patient association.