bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Model Predictive Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Control for an Autonomous Surface Vehicle
Authors: Esfahani Hossein Nejatbakhsh , Szlapczynski Rafal
Published: October 2019

This paper presents a new robust Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithm for trajectory tracking of an Autonomous Surface Vehicle (ASV) in presence of the time-varying external disturbances including winds, waves and ocean currents as well as dynamical uncertainties. For fulfilling the robustness property, a sliding mode control-based procedure for designing of MPC and a super-twisting term are adopted. The MPC algorithm has been known as an effective approach for the implementation simplicity and its fast dynamic response. The proposed hybrid controller has been implemented in MATLAB / Simulink environment. The results for the combined Model Predictive Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Control (MP-STSMC) algorithm have shown that it significantly outperforms conventional MPC algorithm in terms of the transient response, robustness and steady state response and presents an effective chattering attenuation in comparison with the Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Control (STSMC) algorithm.
Application of the Optimization Methods to the Search of Marine Propulsion Shafting Global Equilibrium in Running Condition
Authors: Ursolov Aleksandr , Batrak Yuriy , Tarelko Wieslaw
Published: October 2019

Full-film hydrodynamic lubrication of marine propulsion shafting journal bearings in running condition is discussed. Considerable computational difficulties in non-linear determining the quasi-static equilibrium of the shafting are highlighted. To overcome this problem the approach using two optimization methods (the particle swarm method and the interior point method) in combination with the specially developed relaxation technique is proposed. The developed algorithm allows to calculate marine propulsion shafting bending with taking into account lubrication in all journal bearings and exact form of journal inside bearings, compared to results of most of the publications which consider lubrication only in the aft most stern tube bearing and assume rest of bearings to be represented by points. The calculation results of typical shafting design with four bearings are provided. The significance of taking into account lubrication in all bearings is shown, specifically more exact values of bearings’ reactions, shafting deflections, minimum film thickness and maximum hydrodynamic pressure in the stern tube bearing in case of considering lubrication in all bearings.
Boosting Service Innovation: The Role of Consultancies
Authors: Rezende Pinto Manuela , Saur-Amaral Irina , Brito Carlos
Published: October 2019

This paper seeks to make a particular contribution in what are the roles of consultancies as key innovation intermediaries in service industry. In line with previous literature, the research purposes to test the application of Pinto et al (2016) framework within service companies, triangulating the findings of Pinto et al (2017). Four in-depth case studies of service companies were developed, resulting on detailed descriptions of the phenomenon using constructs to order the data and relate to earlier literature. Key findings highlight changes in motivations for consultancy engagement, from an initial focus on knowledge (output) to a focus on methodology (process). The adequacy of the framework proposed by Pinto et al (2016) is confirmed, and a new function of intermediaries arises from this study, related with “evaluation of innovation outcomes”. The study highlights the contribution of consultancies in preparing companies to innovate.
Exploring the Creative Industries: Toward a Classification by Process and Job Functions
Authors: Koehorst Mirjam M. , Van Deursen Alexander J.A.M. , Van Dijk Jan A.G.M. , De Haan Jos
Published: October 2019

In Europe, the creative industries (CIs) are experiencing growth rates well above the average of the EU’s total economic growth. However, a lack of consensus regarding how these industries work impedes the development of effective policy. In our research, we suggest a process approach to characterize the CIs. This characterization is more flexible in comparison to existing definitions. This process model can be used to easily identify job functions that are important for the development of innovative and creative products or services. Twenty-three semi-structured interviews were conducted with key players in CIs in the Netherlands. After analysis of these interviews, a process model of CIs was developed that consists of the following six steps: (1) problem analysis, (2) concept generation, (3) provisional design, (4) final design, (5) production/execution, and (6) product introduction. This model was supplemented with job functions for each step of the process. For future research, the model should be further developed to provide a greater differentiating effect between the CIs and other industries. However, the model can be very useful for characterizing the CIs in a manner that is more adaptable to the ever-changing nature of the industries.
PEREMPUAN PECINTA ALAM SEBAGAI WUJUD EKOFEMINISME
Authors: Mahadewi Ni Made Anggita Sastri
Published: October 2019

ABSTRAK

 

Tulisan ini berupaya menjelaskan peran perempuan pada organisasi Mahasiswa Pecinta Alam (Mapala) Wanaprastha Dharma, dalam melakukan pelestarian alam. Pada umumnya kegiatan pecinta alam memiliki resiko tinggi dan menuntut kekuatan fisik yang besar, yang identik dimiliki oleh laki-laki. Namun anggota perempuan organisasi Mapala Wanaprastha Dharma mampu melakukan berbagai kegiatan pelestarian alam yang beresiko dengan kekuatan fisik yang memadai. Fenomena tersebut merupakan gambaran konsep ekofeminisme yang menekankan bahwa antara perempuan dan alam memiliki keterkaitan yang tidak dapat dipisahkan, baik oleh kondisi alam itu sendiri maupun oleh stereotipe tentang tubuh perempuan yang dianggap lebih lemah dari laki-laki. Anggota perempuan Mapala Wanaprastha Dharma secara struktural organisasi menempati posisi tinggi, antara lain sebagai ketua umum, sekretaris, maupun ketua pelaksana kegiatan. Melalui penjelasan dalam tulisan ini keterlibatan perempuan dalam pelestarian alam baik yang diimplementasikan secara langsung di lapangan, maupun tidak langsung yakni melalui perencanaan dan program kerja, menunjukan bahwa menjadi hal yang sulit untuk memisahkan perempuan dengan alam. 

Kata kunci: Mapala Wanaprastha Dharma, perempuan pecinta alam, ekofeminisme

 

ABSTRACT

This paper seeks to explain the role of women in the Nature Lovers Student Organization (Mapala) Wanaprastha Dharma, in doing nature conservation. In general the activities of nature lovers have a high risk and demand great physical strength, which is identical to that of men. However, female members of the Mapala Wanaprastha Dharma organization were able to carry out various natural conservation activities which were at risk with adequate physical strength. This phenomenon is an illustration of the concept of eco-feminism which emphasizes that between women and nature has a connection that cannot be separated, both by natural conditions themselves and by stereotypes about the bodies of women who are considered weaker than men. The Mapala Wanaprastha Dharma female member structurally occupies a high position, among others as general chairman, secretary, and chief executive of activities. Through the explanation in this paper, the involvement of women in nature conservation, both directly implemented in the field, and indirectly through planning and work programs, shows that it is difficult to separate women from nature. Keywords: Mapala Wanaprastha Dharma, female nature lover, eco-feminism
NGALAP IN BALINESE: A NATURAL SEMANTIC METALANGUAGE APPROACH
Authors: Suryasa I Wayan
Published: October 2019

The research was intended to describe the meaning for producing the study that waspostulated approach of natural semantic. In term of, one form for one meaning and onemeaning revealed in a lexicon. This study was qualitative research that the data was anactionverb in Balinese language, it was “ngalap”pick. There were some lexicon to express themeaning of “pick”, those were ngancuk, ngotek, ngilit related to the high place of an entity,related to the low place can be expressed by ngilut, ngempok, mikpik, ngangap, and eachlexicons have their meaning in expression. It could be thoroughly analyzed by NaturalSemantic Metalanguage (NSM) theory. The unique findings shown by the instrument thatused to do something, a juan was used to lexicons;ngancuk, ngotek, and ngilit, and handswas to do ngilut, ngempok, mikpik, ngangap. It meant, those lexicons used to expressmeaning in taking hold of something and move it. The entity was the high and low places.
THE WORDPLAY OF ‘THE BIG BANG THEORY’ MOVIE SUBTITLE
Authors: Isnu Maharani Sang Ayu
Published: October 2019

This study aims to describe the type of wordplay in the subtitle of the movie entitled ‘TheBig Bang Theory’ and also to describe the technique applied in translating the wordplay.This study is a descriptive qualitative and library study. The data was collected throughobservation and note taking techniques. The framework of this study is Delabatista (1993)concerning with types of wordplay translation and Humanika (2012) about the techniques totranslate the wordplay.This study found that there are three types of wordplay; they are the phonological structure(homonymy and homophony), the lexical development (idiom) and the syntactic structure.The techniques of translating wordplay found consist of literal translation, loan translation,situational translation and no translation.
Grammatical Mistakes in Relation to English Competency Test
Authors: Sosiowati I Gusti Ayu Gde , Indrawati Ni Luh Ketut Mas , Sukarini Ni Wayan , Puspani Ida Ayu Made
Published: October 2019

The research aims at finding out the freshmen’s ability on English grammar. This is very important activity so that the English department knows their level of ability so that the teaching materials can be determined. The test is about structure, taken from TOEFL. The theory used is the theory English Language Teaching, especially Testing by Harmer (2001), in which the test is used as diagnostic test. The result of the test will provide the information about three crucial points on grammar that must be developed. This will help the related teacher to decide what items should be taught so that by the end of the semester, at least most of the students can reach the level of Intermediate, that is the level in which the students are capable of doing conversations on routines, understanding lectures, understanding English TV programs (http://www.embassyenglish.com/student-life/your-level-of-english cited on 19 January 2015).
Action Verba of "Memeleng" in Sasaknese: A Metalanguage Approach
Authors: Rahman Bohri
Published: October 2019

In Sasak language , memeleng 'cut' has several forms such as the following variations: gecok , melekés , mépés , ngawas , beréngge , munggel , nyacak , ngawis : the meaning of memeleng in the corpus represents a transitive verb of prototype. This selection is intended to provide a brief overview of the semantic structure. Lexicon memeleng ‘cutting' describes the semantic structure of the sub - component" X doing something", "something bad happened" and "X do something", "something good happens." Lexicon with each variation do the concepts of representations. The verb of memeleng ‘cut ' the mapping component "X did something to Y" because" something happened to Y". Memeleng lexicon based on the tools, motion model, an entity that is subject to section treatment and final results are expected to be achieved.
Various Mappings of Verb 'Seeing' in Lio Language
Authors: Bataona Yosef Demon
Published: October 2019

Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) is based on the theory of semantic. Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) use semantic as a detailed analysis of lexem. Detail analysis lexem is done to avoid the ambiguity of interpretation. Analysis on Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) is used to identify the natural meaning of a Bahasa Lamaholot Dialek Lamaleras verb. Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) is used because (1) Contact interlanguages, (2) mobilisation of the native speaker and (3) The competence of the bilingualism of the native speaker. This is an activity to documentate the fitures of the natural meaning of Lamaholot language of Lamaleras Dialect verb, especially verb that state ‘catch the fish’, such as ‘leo, pasa, tufa, bitu, v?to, tivang, v?da, nuang, puk?t, tuba, dop?, blik?, sajo, h?p?k, tiv? kep, baong.
Translation in Students Language Performance of English Language Course in Udayana University
Authors: Darmasetiyawan I Made Sena
Published: October 2019

To the second language learner, translation has serves an important role as the initial point to their language comprehension. Language levels and unit cannot be separated from the comprehension towards language meaning. Therefore, during classroom activities; when the students were asked to provide swift language expression to their opinion or answer, they will focus on generating equivalencies of both languages. This translation method can be seen from the generation of lexical level, comprehending meaning, and forming text.
Predicate of "Mangan" in Sasak Language: A Study of Natural Semantic Metalanguage
Authors: Sarwadi Sarwadi
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study were to know semantic meaning of predicate Ngajengan, Daharan, Ngelor, Mangan, Ngrodok (Eating), Kaken (Eating), Suap, Bejijit, (Eating) Bekeruak (Eating), Ngerasak (Eating) and Nyangklok (Eating). Besides that, to know the lexical meaning of each words and the function of words in every sentences especially the meaning of eating in Sasaknese language.The lexical meaning of Ngajengan, Daharan, Ngelor, Mangan, Ngrodok (Eating), Kaken (Eating), Suap, Bejijit, (Eating) Bekeruak (Eating), Ngerasak (Eating) and Nyangklok (Eating) was doing something to eat but the differences of these words are usage in sentences. Besides that, the word usage based on the subject and object and there is predicate that need tool to state eat meals or food.
Meaning and Message of 'Jemme'
Authors: Mulyawan I Wayan
Published: October 2019

Advertising is intended to persuade audiences, readers, viewers or listeners to take action on products, services and ideas. Advertisements include text, audio, video, photography and graphic designs. We will easily find advertisement through some common mediums namely newspaper, magazine, radio, television, internet, billboards, and many other places. Advertisement analysis is divided into textual and contextual analysis.The textual is the analysis of advertisement structure such as headline, illustration, body copy, signature line, and standing details. Based on the analysis JEMME considered to be a complex advertisement taht consist of 5 (five) element. The contextual analysis is the meaning of the advertisement. According to the analysis, JEMME is a fine jewelery with high standard and very suitable for valentine gift.
Psychology of Children’s Cognitive toward Language Development
Authors: Ardiah Ningrum Cucu
Published: October 2019

This paper aims to explain how the Cognitive Psychology supports the language development on children. The supporting data was taken from some related books and journals. The data collection is conducted through the proper source collection used for obtaining various information related to the topic. Then the information obtained from many sources was analyzed. The result of the analyses shows that the language acquisition process begins even since infancy period. In this process, the cognitive psychology supported it. In the process of acquiring the language, the children will pass through four steps of Cognitive process namely, sensorimotor stage, pre-operational stage, concrete operation stage, and formal operation stage. The entire stages are related to human’s age. In addition there are some assumptions of children’s cognitive development which are children’s schemas, assimilation, accommodation, and equilibration. Keywords: Cognitive, Cognitive Psychology, Language development
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATION BETWEEN THE SOURCE LANGUAGE (SL) AND THE TARGET LANGUAGE (TL) IN TAGORE’S POETRY: GITANJALI, SONGS OF OFFERINGS
Authors: Sumaryana Putra I Komang , Rahmani Putri Dian
Published: October 2019

The long lyrical poem entitled Gitanjali, Songs of Offerings written by Rabindranath Tagore (1861 – 1941) is very interesting and has a deep philosophical thought. In this occasion, Part LVII is selected to be analysed. This poetry was translated into Indonesian by Amal Hamzah in 1952, which is used as the target language (TL). The approach us ed is from literary criticism (intrinsic and extrinsic) and from perspective of translation theories. Based on the analysis, obviously, we can see that a single word may have various senses and those are signalled by the context. Especially in poetry, it is enriched by figurative senses. The process of translating poetry absolutely cannot ignore the message of the source language (SL); however, reminding that there is no 100% synonymy between words in every language, the translating process must notice the intrinsic sight of the poem. We cannot judge whether a translation is bad, better or good, especially translation in poetry, particularly the lyrical poem. In this case, some strategies can be conducted such as: translation shifts, lexical translation, idiomatic translation, borrowing, etc., which can be used to naturalize the poetry translation and to achieve the best readability of the TL text.Keywords: Gitanjali, Lyrical Poem, Source Language, Target Language
Hedges in Scientific EFL Writing
Authors: Widiawati Yogi
Published: October 2019

The main purpose of the academic writing is to inform other researchers about writers’ findings in certain research. In this case, writer will propose claims. For non-native English speaker like Indonesian, this is the tough work to do. L2 learners find difficulty to write for academic purposes or make claims. One of the strategies that L2 learners do is by using hedging devices. Hedges are used to present findings cautiously with leaving room for readers to have their own interpretation. This argument is also supported by Ken Hyland (1996) stated that academic writing is full of hedges. This study aims to find the hedges in academic writing used by Indonesian researchers or writers. According to Levinson (1987) with his theory of FTA (Face Treathening Act), those words mostly function as a tool for speakers or writers to make them comfortable and save negative face. It means that the writers should choose the correct words to achieve the communicative goal. The data is taken from 10 dissertations written in English. The method used is decriptive-qualitative analysis. The study focuses on 2 kinds of hedging strategies proposed by Hyland (1996). They are writer-oriented hedges and reader-oriented hedges. The first strategy consists of (1) passive voice, (2) dummy subjects, and (3) abstract rhetors. The latter consists of (1) personal attribution and (2) conditionals. The results reveal that writer-oriented hedges are the most frequent hedging device utilized by Indonesian researchers, such as: passive construction and dummy subjects. The conclusion of this study is that the use of passive constructions and modality (can, may, might, should) are highly desireable by Indonesian researchers. It means that Indonesians like to let the data talk by themselves in order to avoid a potential conflict and hence to maintain the harmony between writers and readers.
English Development as a Second Language in Relation with TV Exposure
Authors: Widiastuti Ni Made Ayu , Shanti Sari Dewi Anak Agung Sagung , Isnu Maharani Sang Ayu
Published: October 2019

The aims of this study are to know the role of young learner’s parents in choosing good and educating television program for their child, and to describe the effects of TV exposure in their child’s English language development. A five-year-old young learner who lives in Denpasar was observed in 2017. The data were collected by giving a questionnaire to the young learner’s parents in order to get the description of the effects of the television programs to her language development. As it is a following research of the previous research on English vocabulary acquisition, the results of the observation of the young learner and the interview with her parents that have already been done are used to support the analysis of this small research. The collected data were analysed descriptively based on approaches from Barr, et.al. (2010), Christakis (2009), and March (2004) about English language acquisition and language development of young children. The results show that the young learner’s parents have the important role in choosing good and educating television program for her. It can be seen from the choices of cartoon movies as one of the television programs that is educating as well as entertaining for a child in her age, the intensive accompaniment when she was watching the movies, the limitation of television watching time, and also the parents’ assistance in order to help her understand the stories and vocabulary meanings. It is true that good content, context, and the amount of daily TV viewing time as well as parental assistance will be beneficial for the young learner’s second language development in informal learning situation. The effectiveness of watching cartoon movies has led her to gain the positive second language development in her bilingual condition, although English code-switching in Indonesian sentences sometimes occur.

Keywords: SLA, English, language development, TV exposure, cartoon movies
Snowball Throwing in Teaching Grammar
Authors: Apsari Yanuarti
Published: October 2019

The aims of this study were to describe the implementation of snowball throwing in teaching grammar and to investigate the benefits of applying snowball throwing. The research was conducted at STKIP Siliwangi Bandung. This study employed qualitative research involving one class consisting of second semester students in English department who were taking the subject of foundation of English grammar. The data were obtained from classroom observation and students’ interview. The findings showed that there are seven stages in implementing snowball throwing in teaching grammar. The stages consist of preparing teaching material, forming group, re-explaining the material to the member of the group, formulating question, tossing the ball, answering questions and evaluating teaching and learning process. In addition, the findings also revealed that there are some benefits from applying snowball throwing in teaching grammar such as improving of students’ comprehension in learning grammar, creating enjoyable learning’s atmosphere, increasing students’ vocabulary mastery, developing students’ speaking skill, developing of students’ cooperation skill and increasing of students’ participation in the class.

 

Keywords: Snowball throwing; benefits; grammar.
HOW TO TRANSLATE AN ACTION VERB PROVIDE INTO BAHASA INDONESIA THROUGH THE NATURAL SEMANTIC METALANGUAGE
Authors: Sudipa I Nengah
Published: October 2019

Abstract

This study is aimed at mapping the meaning of action verb provide and its translation in Indonesian lexicons. The data sources of this study are two Colours Magazines of Garuda Indonesia, May 2017 and March 2018 editions. In colleting the data, this study applied the observation method and note taking technique. Those data were analyzed using Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) approach proposed by Anna Wierzbicka (1996). Furthermore, the method of analyzing data was descriptive qualitative method. First, each of the data was analyzed to find its meaning configuration. Then, it was followed by the paraphrasing using semantic primitives to show the explication of each lexicon and be able to compare them. The results of this study shows that the action verb provide is translated into five different Indonesian lexicons in the Colours Magazine. The verb and its translations have slight differences shown by the meaning configurations as well as explications. However, they could properly deliver the intended meaning for the Indonesian target readers regarding the sentences they are in.
USING MAGIC SENTENCES TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY
Authors: Parmawati Aseptiana
Published: October 2019

Abstract

 

In the process of learning a foreign language, vocabulary is one of the important language elements that must be mastered by the learners. The ability to understand the language depends on one’s knowledge of vocabulary besides the other elements of language itself. In reality, most of the students in first semester at IKIP Siliwangi face some problems related to vocabulary mastery. To improve the students’ vocabulary, the lecturer need to know what technique is the most suitable for the students. This research used Classroom Action Research (CAR). The objectives of the study are: 1) Finding out whether or not Magic Sentences technique can improves the students’ vocabulary 2) Finding out classroom situation when Magic Sentences technique implemented in vocabulary mastery. The finding was supported by the result of students’ vocabulary scores. The average score of pre test was 61.14. After the implementation of Magic Sentences in every cycle, the students’ vocabulary score were getting better. It can be seen from the result of students’ average score Cycle 1 was 67.30 and Cycle 2 was 80.24. It can be concluded that Magic Sentences can improve students’ reading interest and improve reading classroom into a better situation.

 

Keywords: Magic sentences; vocabulary mastery; CAR
Indonesian Interference toward English Used on Outdoor Advertisement Boards and Banner in Sukoharjo, Central Java
Authors: Giyatmi Giyatmi - , Astuti Purwani Indri , Wijayava Ratih - , Arumi Sihindun -
Published: October 2019

Interference is a common phenomenon in second language learning. However, the researchers are interested in analyzing interference from another point of view. This research aims at finding the types of Indonesian interference toward English found in outdoor advertisement boards and banners in Sukoharjo. The researchers use some theories dealing with interference such as the definition of interference and type of interference. This research belongs to a descriptive qualitative research. Data of this research are English words, phrases, and sentences consisting of Indonesian interference toward English used in outdoor advertisement boards and banner. The data are taken from outdoor advertisement boards and banners in Sukoharjo. The technique of data collection used is observation then followed by writing technique. English words, phrases, and sentences with no interference are reduced. Then the data found are encoded with No data/Data/Kinds of Interference. The researchers use theory triangulation during this research. The researchers found 74 data of Indonesian interference toward English in outdoor advertisement boards and banners in Sukoharjo. After analyzing the data, the researchers found that there are 6 types of Indonesian interference toward English; (1) syntactic interference in the formation of phrase and sentence (2) Lexical interference in the case of borrowing words adapted into Indonesian spelling (3) Phonological interference in vowel sounds, consonant sounds, and semivowel sounds (4) Morphological interference in the process of affixation (5) Graphic interference in the spelling principle (6) Translation interference which happens because of direct translation.

Keywords: advertisement, language interference, kinds of interferences.
Discursive Creation Technique of English to Indonesian Subtitle in Harry Potter: The Chamber of Secrets Movie
Authors: Istiqomah Lilik , Erawati Medy , Suparno Sonya Lianti
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the used of discursive creation technique of English to Indonesian subtitle in Harry Potter: The Chamber of Secrets movie. This research is descriptive qualitative method. Data of this research are utterances or sentences in subtitle movie of bilingual edition, both English and Indonesian. While, the source of data of this research is Harry Potter: The Chamber of Secrets movie. The researchers only used one data source, it was document. In analyzing the data, the researchers used comparison method to compare between the SL and TL that were analyzed. The result of this research shows that discursive analysis divided into three catogories of language unit, they are word 23%, phrase 20%, and sentence 57%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the translator has many errors in the sentence translated because he choose the easy sentence in order to make viewer understand the subtitle.
The novel mandiangin
Authors: Yani Sur
Published: October 2019

Novel Mandiangin has been approved and published in a book that has 142 pages written by Hary B, Koriun is a literary work in 2008. In this novel tells the story of the destruction of a village that can reap a valuable lesson from this novel mainly lies in disappointment and injustice. In the academic, field the lessons of this novel are more centered on harmony among the people. the narrative style used in the Mandiangin novel is quite unique and different from the others, such as the narrative used is structured starting from ancient times onwards. The use of symbolism in the novel Mandiangin is more about the combination of language between Malay and Indonesian. The prominent reason for reviewing this novel is because so that this novel can give us an impression and it is very interesting to review more about the ins and outs of this novel.
THE SHIFT OF LEXICAL COHESION IN TRANSLATION OF THE NOVEL THE ADVENTURES OF SHERLOCK HOLMES
Authors: Astari Nyoman Yuli
Published: October 2019

Abstract

       This paper aims to describe the translation equivalent of the lexical cohesion found in The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes; and to identify the effects of shift of cohesion in translation of “The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes “ and its translation. In this paper qualitative descriptive method is used to describe or analyze the data of shift of cohesion in translation. The finding shows that the lexical cohesion in the text is built by a number of repetition, synonymy, near-synonymy, superordinate, general word and collocation. Shifts of cohesion found in the novel are shifts in the level of explicitness and shifts in the textual meaning(s). Shifts in the level of explicitness; i.e. the general level of the target texts’ textual explicitness is higher or lower than that of the source text and Shifts in the textual meaning(s); i.e. the explicit and implicit meaning potential of the source text changes through translations.

 

Key words: lexical cohesion, translation strategy, and shift of cohesion.
Breakfast Box: An Effort to Develop Vocabulary Mastery
Authors: Lestari Dewi
Published: October 2019

Vocabulary is difficult skill for students on SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Surakarta. The students usually tend to listen, speak, read, and write text based on their vocabulary mastering. Once they get difficulty in understanding text, they will lose their courage to do more instructions. In order to build or understand a simple sentence, they need to open dictionary per word. As a result, students will easily lose interest and motivation to learn more. This research is carried out in SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Surakarta. It is on Jl. Kerinci No. 15. The research is conducted from July until Agustus 2016. The subject of this research is the IX-D grade students of SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Surakarta. The researcher chooses class D because the students have difficulties in understanding text due to the lack of vocabularies. That is why the researcher decides to improve their mastery in vocabulary through “vocabulary breakfast box”. “Vocabulary Breakfast Box” is adapted from “Kotak Sarapan Pagi” which is mostly applied at elementary school learning. It is about a board which contains of several boxes. Each box has an assignment for each student. The assignment can be the same as or different from others. It depends on the students’ assessment. The assignment exists in a form of a small paper. It consists of questions about words, sentences or text comprehension. Each box has students’ number or name. So students won’t go wrong to take others’ assignment. By using “vocabulary breakfast box”, the learning process in class has become interesting and varieties. Students are excited to try new strategy with teacher and discuss its benefits and lacks after the activity. Their vocabulary mastery becomes improved and they are able to answer most questions in each skill because they have recognized the words on the text or dialogue.

Keywords: improving, vocabulary, vocabulary breakfast box
Amending Canada’s Constitution
Authors: De Munnik Steven
Published: October 2019

In Canada, we have the privilege of living in a constitutional democracy. This system of governance has proved to be successful for a number of years. However, what do you do when it goes awry? Short of anarchy, there are no non-revolutionary methods of changing our political system. The civilised method that our forefathers thought of was constitutional amendment. The creators of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms even built in a clause to deal with this matter. As a result they have placed the trust in Canadians, but mostly their elected officials, to follow the proper procedures to amend our constitution. The search for an alternative method for amending the British North America Act, 1867, has arguably been sought after since The Balfour Report in 1926, and ended with the entrenchment of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms in 1982 [...]
Integrating the Öresund – What Kind of Region?
Authors: Bjarnadóttir Valgerdur , Gadzinowski Damian
Published: October 2019

The last fifty years in Europe has brought an increased co-operation between nation states and the birth of a considerable supranational institutional level. The most advanced cooperation has developed within the European Union. The set of mutual interactions between the European and national levels, known as a two-level game, had remained the core of cooperation and integration process until the 1990s. Since then a third level has evolved, namely the regional one. Regionalization as an answer to ‘Europeization’ or more broadly speaking – Globalization – has changed the traditional way of cooperation; however it must be said that it is a process of which the outcome is unknown. Regions, generally speaking, still do not enjoy enough power to be able to constitute as much influential body (the Committee of Regions) as the European Parliament. Nevertheless the tendency to give power down to regions is on its way.[...]
Le Débat Juridique de la Question de L’Avortement au Canada
Authors: Muhimpundu Sonia
Published: October 2019

Abortion is a controversial subject in many societies, and Canada has not been immune to this controversy as demonstrated by the Supreme Court cases of Morgentaler, Borrowoski and Daigle. The outcome of these cases indicated that a woman ought to have the power to establish her own limits regarding the continuation of her pregnancy. These Supreme Court rulings enlighten some important facts. First, like ordinary people, judges have prejudices that guide them in their decision making, even if they do not let it show. Second, the influence of feminism can be strong enough to make judges take a particular stand on their decisions.[...]
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA VIDEO SAINS INTERAKTIF UNTUK SISWA SLB TUNARUNGU
Authors: Zahroh Fatimatus , Habibi Habibi , Herowati Herowati
Published: October 2019

Keterbatasan siswa tunarungu dalam proses pembelajaran membuat siswa kurang memahami pelajaran dengan baik sehingga diperlukannya media pembelajaran yang dapat membantu siswa tunarungu memahami materi pelajaran khususnya pembelajaran IPA. Salah satunya melalui pengembangan media pembelajaran, yaitu video sains interaktif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kelayakan media, mengetahui aktivitas siswa pada pembelajaran IPA dengan menggunakan media video sains interaktif dan juga respon guru terhadap media yang dipergunakan dalam proses pembelajaran. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Research & Developmet dengan memodifikasi model dari Sugiyono. Teknik pengumpulan data dari aspek kelayakan media diperoleh dari penilaian validator, aktivitas siswa diperoleh dari observasi pada saat produk di implementasikan, dan aspek respon guru dari angket. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh yaitu (1) aspek kelayakan media dari penilaian validator  ialah dari dosen IPA sebesar 94,23% kategori sangat baik dan guru IPA SLB sebesar 92,30% kategori sangat baik dan layak untuk digunakan; (2) aktivitas siswa tunarungu dalam penggunaan media video sains interaktif  dengan persentase 82,9%  kategori baik, aktivitas tertinggi siswa ialah mengerjakan soal dengan persentase 100% dan menurun pada aspek menyimpulkan dengan persentase 93,33%; dan (3) respon guru terhadap video sains interaktif dengan persentase 90% kategori sangat baik.
MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR DAN KERJA SAMA SISWA KELAS V MENGGUNAKAN METODE BERMAIN DENGAN PLASTISIN DI MI AT-TAUFIQIYAH
Authors: Asyiyah Nor Imamatul , Ekawati Ida , Azizah Lutfiana Fazat
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  mengetahui efektifitas penggunaan metode bermain dengan plastisin dalam meningkatkan motivasi dan kerjasama siswa dalam pelajaran IPA di MI At-Taufiqiyah. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas, yang dilaksanakan di MI At-Taufiqiyah kelas Vdengan menggunakan dua siklus. Masing-masing siklus terdiri atas dua kali pertemuan dengan alokasi waktu masing-masing pertemuan 2 x 35 menit. Teknik pengumpulan  data  menggunakan  observasi,  angket,  wawancara.  Hasil  penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode bermain plastisin dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan kerjasama pada siswa kelas V MI At-Taufiqiyah desa Aengbajaraja Kecamatan Bluto kabupaten sumenep. Pada siklus I pengukuran   motivasi menggunakan angket mencapai 69,74% dan meningkat menjadi 82,84% diakhir siklus II. Sedangkan untuk hasil Kerjasama pada siklus I dari 31 siswa hanya 19 siswa (61,29%)  yang bekerjasama dengan baik dan meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 26 siswa (83,87%).
MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA TENTANG KONSEP WILAYAH DAN PERWILAYAHAN PADA MAPEL GEOGRAFI MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN STAD
Authors: Djahjadi Mochammad
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (Classroom Action Research) yang memiliki tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui penerapan pembelajaran Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) dalam PBM didalam meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar Geografi. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini menggunakan metode Diskusi Kelompok dan Pengukuran Hasil Pre-Post Tes dengan instrumen penelitian berupa soal tes, lembar observasi dan catatan lapangan yang dilaksanakan ke dalam 2 siklus tindakan, setiap siklus terdiri atas 2 kali pertemuan, setiap pertemuan 2 jam pelajaran (2 x 45 menit). Subjek penelitian yang digunakan dalam Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini yaitu siswa Kelas XII IPS 2 Semester Ganjil Tahun Pelajaran 2018-2019 SMA Negeri 2 Sumenep yang berjumlah 40 siswa, terdiri 20 siswa laki-laki dan 20 siswa perempuan. Dalam penelitian ini data yang diperoleh berupa aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa serta data pendukung berupa catatan lapangan dari hasil pengamatan teman sejawat. Kategori keberhasilan aktivitas belajar siswa didasarkan pada parameter adanya peningkatan rata-rata prosentase aktivitas belajar siswa dan taraf penguasaan tindakan. Sedangkan hasil belajar siswa diukur berdasarkan selisih skor antara pre-test dan post test serta ketuntasan materi belajar disetiap siklus. Temuan atau hasil dari penelitian ini selain diketahui bahwa penerapan pembelajaran kooperatif model STAD dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar Geografi siswa kelas XII IPS 2 SMA Negeri 2 Sumenep juga ditemukan adanya kecenderungan pada akhir siklus II, siswa mulai terlihat bosan dengan pembelajaran yang diterapkan. Dengan temuan ini disarankan peran guru untuk selalu melakukan diversifikasi metode pembelajaran dalam setiap kegitan Proses Belajar Mengajar.
EFFICACY OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY IN PATIENTS IN THE LATE STAGE HIV INFECTION
Authors:   Department of Infectious Diseases, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Rakhmanov Erkin Rakhimovich , Tsoy Victoria Nikolaevna ,   Department of Infectious Diseases, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Yorova Sayora Kurbonalievna ,   City Clinical Infectious Disease Hospital, Dushanbe, Sharifzoda Turakhon Makhmud ,   City Clinical Infectious Disease Hospital, Dushanbe
Published: October 2019

Objective: Assess the efficiency of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in patients in the late stage HIV infection Methods: The effectiveness of HAART in 29 patients with late diagnosed HIV infection was assessed. Rapid testing and immunoenzyme testing were used to confirm the presence of HIV infection. The formulation of the clinical diagnosis was based on the clinical classification of HIV infection approved by WHO (2013). According to the National Clinical Protocol for HIV Treatment, approved in the Republic of Tajikistan, after treatment of opportunistic infections, all patients were assigned specific therapy. Evaluation of the effectiveness of therapy was carried out taking into account immunological and virological criteria, on changes in the level of CD4 lymphocytes and viral load before the onset of HAART and after 6 months after taking the drugs. Results: All patients were examined and diagnosed with the IV clinical stage of HIV infection. Immunosuppression rate – the level of CD4 lymphocytes – at the time of the onset of HAART in all the study was less than 50 cells/μl. 16 (55.2%) patients received a HAART scheme consisting of tenofovir, emtricitabine, efavirenz (Viraday) in standard doses, 13 (44.2%) patients received abacavir, lamivudine, and lopinavir/ritonavir or atazanavir/ritonavir. During the study, 11 (37.9%) patients were fatal during 1-3 months of HAART. The causes of the fatal outcome were pulmonary tuberculosis, Kaposi sarcoma, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, meningoencephalitis. In the surviving patients (n=18) after 6 months of the beginning of therapy, there was an increase in the level of CD4 lymphocytes on average by 129,4±5,2 cells/μl, of which only 8 (27.6%) patients had virological effect – the viral load level was less than 1000 copies/ml of blood. Conclusion: Therapy was effective in 8 (27.6%) patients under investigation. The death of 37.9% patients is due to the late diagnosis of HIV infection, the onset of HAART with deep immunosuppression and the development of inflammatory immunity recovery syndrome. Keywords: HIV infection, immunosuppression, CD4 lymphocytes, late diagnosis of HIV, HAART, viral load.
CLINICAL CASE OF PREGNANCY AND BIRTH IN UTERINE FIBROIDS
Authors:   Department of Pregnancy Pathology № 2, Tajik Scientific Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Rasulova Gulnora Tairdzhanovna , Tursunova Dilbar Temurdzhanovna ,   Department of Pregnancy Pathology № 2, Tajik Scientific Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Vakhobova Shamsiya Khuseynovna ,   Department of Pregnancy Pathology № 2, Tajik Scientific Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Odinaeva Fotima Kodirovna ,   Department of Pregnancy Pathology № 2, Tajik Scientific Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology
Published: October 2019

In the article, a case of a favorable outcome of pregnancy and childbirth in a patient with large uterine fibroids is presented. Uterine fibroids, especially at large sizes, create unfavorable conditions for fetal development and its adequate growth. An important factor, in addition to size, is its localization relative to the uterine cavity, the place of the placenta. During the gestational process, it is important to be aware of all the features of tumor-like formation. Very significant in such cases is the system of redirecting patients to a higher level of perinatal care, where there are the necessary conditions for proper control of the condition of the fetus, the nature and size of the tumor, as well as the presence of specialists to carry out prompt delivery of any degree of difficulty and at any time of the day. Appropriate therapy, high-quality antenatal care, inpatient treatment for complications, pre-operative hospitalization, as well as surgical interventions (C-section and conservative myomectomy) allowed preserving pregnancy, preserving the organ and carrying out delivery in the full term of pregnancy by a viable fetus. Keywords: Pregnancy, uterine fibroids, C-section, conservative myomectomy.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DALAM MENINGKATKAN MUTU PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA HINDU ABAD 21
Authors: Ari Kusumawati Niluh , Prima Dewi PF Kadek Aria
Published: October 2019

In this globalization era the role of science and technology covers various aspects of life, especially the world of Education. Education is an aspect of supporting the success of a nation. Hinduism Education is a subject that instills Hinduism. In learning Hinduism Education learning media becomes the main  support of the learning process. Learning  media as a channel for information and messages in learning. Information technology-based learning media is a demand in facing the challenges of 21st century Education. 21st century education has four skills in learning communication (Communication), Collaboration (Collaboration), Critical Thingking and Problem Solving (Critical Thinking and problem solving) and Creativity and Innovation (Creativity and Innovation). With the guidance of the age development, the use of IT-based learning  media  in  learning  Hinduism Education  will  facilitate the transfer  of knowledge  in learning. The benefit of using IT-based learning media is to facilitate the interaction between teachers and students so that learning activities become effective and efficient The use of Information Technology-based learning media such as the internet, mobile phones, flash disks, etc. facilitates the transfer of knowledge in learning.
ANALISIS PENGARUH CAPM BETA, FIRM SIZE, BOOK TO MARKET RATIO, DAN MOMENTUM TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM
Authors: Tumpal Hutajulu Alex , Puspitasari Evita
Published: October 2019

This research is performed to examine influence of capm beta, firm size, book to market ratio, and momentum on stock return in companies that listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population in this research was manufacture companies that listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2012-2014 with purposive sampling. Variables used in this research are capital gain (return), natural logarithma total asset (firm size), the ratio of book value to market value (book to market ratio), and return t-12 (momentum). The results shows that beta, firm size, book to market ratio and momentum simultaneously have a significant impact toward stock return. The conclusion based on partial test are (1) book to market ratio and momentum have a positive significance influence toward stock return (2) beta has negative insignificance influence toward stock return and firm size has positive insignificance influence toward stock return. Predictive capability of independent variabel in this research to stock return is 34,09% while other 65,91% was influenced by other factors.
Case Report of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patient with EGFR T790M Mutation Treated with Th ird Generation Inhibitor
Authors: Doval Dinesh Chandra , Tripathi Rupal , Choudhury Kumardeep Dutta , Sharma Ajay , Batra Ullas , Mehta Anurag , Choudhury PS
Published: October 2019

Lung cancer treatment based on the molecular classifi cation of the tumor has paved the way for multiple lines of targeted treatment, even though the development of resistance remains a major cause of concern. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) remains the poster boy for the use of targeted therapy, and the presence/absence of mutations in this gene has led to the development of inhibitors targeting specifi c mutations. We present the case of an advanced non-small cell lung cancer patient with EGFR T790M mutation treated with Osimertinib, a third-generation inhibitor.