bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rising of infertility among younger generation in India
Authors: Kumar Ram , Vignesh K. Nawin Jai , . Santhosh , . Savitha , . Sangavi
Published: August 2021

Inability to conceive is a stressful situation among young couples. The idea of infertility is still an uncovered ground in the field of science. Younger generations who are forced to achieve a better quality of life are focused and much stressed about their work rather than their health. Infertility rates are rising every year in the world. Though this is a ticking bomb people seem to care about it a little and in India people are shunned if they are unable to conceive especially women are subjected to great mental stress. Lifestyle changes, occupations and dietary factors influence in infertility are constantly increasing. But the treatment options are also improving with better success rates. The various treatment options include simplification of diagnostic and assisted reproductive techniques (ART) procedures, minimizing the complication rate of interventions, providing quality training courses for health care workers, and incorporating infertility treatment into sexual and reproductive healthcare.
Differences of direct and indirect resin composite and its effect on esthetic restoration
Authors: Basudan Thuraya Abdulrahim , Alshareef Saba Mohammad , Alshehri Ali Jaber , Alkhalil Hosam Abdullah , Alhowifi Sattam Deifallah , Alhusain Abdulaziz Majeed , Alogaly Sultan Saud , Alhussain Musstafa Musa , Alharbi Bayan Hussain , Aljarmawi Sanaa Abdulrahman , Saidi Khadijah Mustafa
Published: August 2021

As a result of the increasing needs among the public to enhance esthetics, many approaches have been made and the results included different approaches as non-metallic tooth-colored restorations, including the direct and indirect resin composites. In addition, another approach is the ceramic onlays or inlays. In this study, we aim to formulate strong evidence regarding the differences between direct and indirect resin composite the clinical outcomes, and related effects on esthetic restorations, based on evidence obtained from the current and previous studies in the literature. Many differences were discussed within the study manuscript between the direct and indirect resin groups. Furthermore, evidence shows that esthetic outcomes are in favor of the latter. We also discussed the color stability outcomes for the two groups and evidence in this area was controversial. Finally, many studies have reported that the clinical efficacy of the indirect resin composites is superior to the direct ones, while many others reported that they are similar, and only a few reported that direct resin composites are superior. Accordingly, further studies are encouraged to unify these contradicting results.
Effectiveness and side effects of immunomodulatory agents for complex regional pain syndrome
Authors: Alshaer Omar Rezk , Binobaid Abdullah Obaid , Nanoh Anas Ahmed , Asiri Ali Mohammed , Alravie Khalid Saeed , Alyahya Abdulhadi Mushabbab , Alotaif Mohammed Ali , Yahya Nawaf Ahmed , Alshehri Zuhair Abshan , Zarbah Anas Mohammed , Alqahtani Mohammed Saeed
Published: August 2021

The main causes of Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) are not fully understood. However, it usually emerges following a surgery or an injury to a limb. Inflammation, musculoskeletal, neuronal, and microvascular abnormalities have been found to contribute to the progression of the disease. Immune cells activation, especially with regards to the early phases of the disease is also indicated in the literature. Accordingly, efforts were directed to manage and enhance such responses, aiming to enhance the outcomes by introducing many immunomodulatory agents for managing patients with CRPS and relieving the associated pain. In this literature review, we have discussed the effectiveness and safety of common immunomodulatory agents for CRPS. We have mainly reviewed the roles of glucocorticoids, TNF-α antagonists, bisphosphonates, and intravenous immunoglobulins administration. Glucocorticoids were among the first reported modalities in the management of the syndrome. However, their use is approached with caution because of their potential systemic side effects. Bisphosphonates and TNF-α antagonists also have validated efficacies and should be administered within the early inflammatory phases to achieve better outcomes. Intravenous immunoglobulins are not adequately validated among the current studies, and evidence shows that they might be useful for a certain subgroup. Therefore, further investigations are required to formulate stronger evidence.
Lifestyle modification and medical treatment of long QT syndrome
Authors: Alshaer Omar Rezk , Binobaid Abdullah Obaid , Alwadai Saeed Dawas , Alhakeem Wejdan Hani , Al-Attas Khalid Abdullah , Takrounim Reenad Ahmed , Maki Hameed Mahdi , Al Murdhimah Yasir Ali , Aleid Ali Mohammed , Badyan Jowhara Salem , Al Harthi Raghad Faisal
Published: August 2021

Studies have shown that many manifestations can be observed for patients suffering from long QT syndrome (LQTS), as it is a common cause of syncope and mortality among younger patients, in addition to convulsions. Many management modalities for LQTS have been described in the literature including medical treatment modalities and lifestyle modification approaches. However, evidence regarding the outcomes of these approaches is continuously updating. In this study, we have reviewed findings from the current studies in the literature about the medical treatment and lifestyle modifications for patients suffering from LQTS. Furthermore, studies have shown that β-blockers are effective modalities and should be used at a maximum dose. However, the potential side events should be considered and adequately managed and patient compliance should be maintained along the course of treatment. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation and LCSD were also discussed in the present study with their favorable indications. Additionally, lifestyle modifications were also important and have been reported with favorable events and therefore, these should be considered in such situations. However, evidence regarding some approaches as limiting competitive exercises is still conflicting, indicating the need for future investigations.
Online monthly discussion module of simulation-based teaching: Effect on knowledge
Authors: Verma Niket , Thomas Maria , Badyal Dinesh K
Published: August 2021

Online discussion forums engage learners in higher-level thinking, allowing them to explore topics in much greater depth. One such formal online professional discussion platform is the two-year Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research (FAIMER) Fellowship offered by the Christian Medical College Ludhiana (CMCL) - FAIMER Regional Institute (CMCL-FRI). In this study, we report the results of a survey conducted among FAIMER fellows after attending online discussions on Simulation-based teaching (SBT) to evaluate their change in knowledge levels on the topic.

This was a retrospective analysis of pre-moderation and post-moderation questionnaire responses. The questions/statements were designed to cover the entire range of topics planned to be discussed during the moderation month.

: While the median score between the pre-moderation and post-moderation month questionnaires remained the same, the average score showed an increase from 9.5 to 10.37. The number of fellows who scored the maximum possible score of 12 showed a significant increase from 2.94% to 23.33% between the pre-session to the post-moderation month questionnaires (p-value=0.015). The percentage of respondents who answered the questions correctly in the post-moderation month questionnaire showed an increase over the pre-moderation month questionnaire in 10 out of 12 questions, with the increase being highly significant in 2 out of these 10 questions.

Attending online ML web discussions leads to an increase in knowledge levels among participants and is an effective way to introduce medical educationists to essential concepts in medical education.
Determining the physical activity level and social media addiction of physiotherapy and rehabilitation students who receive online education during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Topcu Zehra Güçhan , Hürer Cemaliye , Şenol Emine Ahsen , Zabit Ferdiye
Published: August 2021

Every individual was affected by the new life coming from Covid-19 pandemic. The lives of university students changed quickly and gradually as they found themselves while learning all courses from the screens. This study was carried out in order to examine the effects of students' continuing education from home on their physical activity levels and attitudes towards social media and to determine their relations with each other.

A cross-sectional study.

An online survey was conducted with the participation of 211 volunteer university students (female = 99). Questionnaires and qualitative questions were used to collect data.

It was determined that 67.8% of the participants were physically active at a moderate level. It was determined that the perceived duration of social media usage increased compared to before and after the pandemic (p=0.000). Social media addiction of 63% of individuals was not found to be risky. There was no significant relationship between physical activity levels and social media addiction levels (r=0.069, p>0.05).

Considering that students' various activities such as going to and from university and social life are limited during the pandemic process, it is possible that their physical activities have decreased, and they are directed to social media tools. Despite these, we think that most of the students can use physical activity strategies and create regular exercise environments at home, considering that they are aware of the importance of physical activity with their education in physiotherapy department.
Opinion of medical students on online classes during covid 19 pandemic
Authors: Bathala Nagasrilatha , Kammineni Anjaneyulu
Published: August 2021

: COVID-19 is referred as pandemic due to its severity and fierceness also as the greatest global health crisis since after centuries in human civilization. This made many schools and colleges to remain shut down for an indefinite time as the only option left to prevent transmission of virus in the institutions. At the same time, teaching concepts have changed with a similar speed than the evolution of the Internet, social media and digital technology. In these circumstances online teaching has become the only option left to fulfill the academic necessities of the students.

This study will help to find out the students' opinion and attitude towards online classes during COVID – 19 Pandemic.

: An Anonymous Cross sectional study is conducted among undergraduate medical students of various colleges affiliated to DRNTRUHS, AP regarding their opinion and attitude towards online teaching classes conducted during Covid 19 pandemic period by sharing the link for Google document.

432 under graduate medical students were participated in the study. 313 participants (72.41%) opined that online teaching is helpful. Majority of participants opined that online teaching is helpful (72.41%); comfortable (61.63%); they are able to interact (73.7%). 68.74% of participants have troubles to attend online classes. Very less participants (13.79%) showed their preference for online classes after this period. All the participants strongly mentioned that their practical skills will be affected badly due to this type of teaching.

The deadly and infectious disease Covid-19 has deeply affected the educational system globally. In our present study majority of students strongly opined that online teaching is helpful; they are also comfortable and able to interact with their faculty also. When COVID 19 resolves, transformative changes are expected in medical education through the use of emergent technology.
Improvement of The CO2 Sensitivity of HPTS Along With ZnO/CuO Nanoparticles: A Comparative Study Between Core-Shell And Hybrid Structures
Authors: OĞUZLAR Sibel
Published: August 2021

Semiconductor metal oxide materials have gained huge attention in gas sensors owing to their high sensitivity to many target gases. Herein, ZnO/CuO core-shell and ZnO/CuO hybrid, which were synthesized by different sol-gel methods and formed in two different crystal structures, were used as an additive material to enhance the response range of 8-hydroxypyrene-1, 3, 6-trisulfonic acid (HPTS) for the sensing of gaseous carbon dioxide. Metal oxide materials were characterized by using XPS, XRD, FTIR, SEM, UV–Vis, and PL spectroscopy. The HPTS dye along with the ZnO/CuO hybrid material displayed a higher CO2 gas sensitivity as 94% ratio (I0/I100=16.90) and Stern-Volmer constant (KSV) value and extended linear response range compared to the HPTS-based sensing thin films along with ZnO/CuO core-shell material and additive-free form. ZnO/CuO core-shell and hybrid structures were used for enhancing of carbon dioxide sensitivity of the HPTS dye.
Morphological performances of BINA soybean 6 (Glycine max) at several salinity stress concentrations in coastal region of Bangladesh
Authors: Trina F. A. , Ahmed R. , Ruhi R. A. , Joy M. I. H. , Maliha M. B. J.
Published: August 2021

A pot experiment was conducted from 2019 to 2020 at Noakhali Science and Technology University (NSTU), Noakhali, Bangladesh, to investigate the morphological performances of BINA Soybean-6 under various saline conditions. Salinity is a widespread problem responsible for limiting the productivity of oilseed crops and soybean cultivars differ in their sensitivity to soil salinity. The research material was BINA Soybean-6 collected from the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh. There were five treatments of salinity viz., T0 (distilled water), T1 (50mMNaCl), T2 (100mMNaCl), T3 (150mMNaCl) and T4 (200mMNaCl) were used in the experiment in which distilled water was used as control. Latin Square Design (LSD) with three replications was used in this experiment. In the present study, BINA Soybean 6 showed a significant variation in the contributing parameters. The experimental parameters used during the experiment were germination percentage and duration, height of plants (cm), number of branches/plant, number of leaves/plant, number of flowers/plant, number of pods/plant, length of pods (cm), seeds/pod, and length of root (cm). The highest germination percentage (83.33%) was observed in control (T0) condition while germination percentage was suppressed under T4 treatment i.e. 200mMNaCl concentration. Germination percentages were gradually decreased with the increase of salinity level. The highest plant height (34.22 cm), number of branch plant-1 (3.44), leaf number plant-1 (13.56), number of flower plant-1 (24.33), pod number plant-1 (21.22), seeds pod-1 (3.33), length of pod (5.44 cm) and root length (15.89 cm) were obtained at control (T0) condition. It was observed that the parameters were diminished gradually with the rising of salinity levels compared to the treatment T0 (Control).
Impact of Zygogramma bicolorata on vegetative and reproductive performance of Parthenium hysterophorus in Nepal
Authors:   National Entomology Research Center, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal, Bajracharya A. S. R. , Thapa R. B. , KC G. B. , Pradhan S. B. , Ranjit J. D.
Published: August 2021

Parthenium hysterophorus Linn. is one of the most aggressive, invasive weeds threatening natural and agricultural ecosystems in Nepal. Leaf feeding beetle, Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is regarded as a potential candidate for biological control of Parthenium weed. Considering the fact effectiveness of Z. bicolorata against P. hysterophorus was evaluted in Nepal. Z. bicolorata caused 98.25 % defoliation of P. hysterophorus reducing 38.88 % plant height, 27.29 % plant width, 26.25 % root length, 12.33 % leaves, 40.58 % shoot biomass and 36.59 % root biomass in the period of 90 days. The flower production and soil seed bank were reduced by 50.22 % and 40.29 %, respectively. Z. bicolorata was an efficient bio-control agent with a significant negative effect on the vegetative and reproductive performance of the noxious weed P. hysterophorus.
​Study on Housing Management Practices Followed by Dairy Farmers in Northern Telangana State of India
Authors: Ashokbabu Ch. , Saratchandra A. , Harikrishna Ch. , Reddy M. Srinivas
Published: August 2021

Background: Adequate housing is essential for wellbeing and welfare of any kind of livestock, which keeps them comfort and healthy thereby increases production and reproduction performance by exploiting their fullest genetic potential. As scanty information available on farmers practices on animal housing, the present study was undertaken to assess housing management practices followed by dairy farmers in Northern Telangana state of India. Methods: Data were collected from randomly selected 240 dairy farmers from 24 villages of 8 mandals from 4 districts. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire in precise language was employed for collecting data through interview and face to face discussion with the dairy farmers duly avoiding ambiguous, dichotomous and non-variant items for proper interpretation. Result: Majority (59.58%) respondents kept animals in kutcha houses and 74.58% sheds located to nearby their dwellings. Majority (50.42%) of the sheds were in east-west direction and 82.08% of the respondents followed single line system of housing. Majority 91.25, 95.42, 84.16, 67.92 and 69.58% of the respondents protected animals against extreme weather conditions, maintained cleanliness, had earthen floor, backward slope in the floor and wooden pillars, respectively. Majority of animal houses had thatched roof (50.42%) and without walls (82.08%) and majority of them (89.58%) provided mangers but only 11.25% had pucca type mangers. Only a few respondents (14.58%) provided pucca drainage system and most of the farmers (58.75%) had manure pit adjacent to their animal houses. The study concludes that, the dairy farmers of the study area are well aware of advantages of keeping animals in hygienic animal houses under adverse tropical climatic conditions of the study area and providing them periodical trainings and visits to modern organised dairy farms helps them to optimize productivity from dairy animals.
​Genetic Variability Studies in Short Statured Early Maturing M3 Generation Cluster Bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] Mutants
Authors: Balasubramanian P. , Vanniarajan C. , Swaminathan V. , Souframanien J. , Suresh Devi , Ananthan M.
Published: August 2021

Background: The present germplasm of cluster bean lack the needed natural variability for developing early maturing short statured lines. Therefore, an attempt was made to study the magnitude of heritable variability stimulated through induced mutation in M3 generation. Methods: M3 generation seeds of cluster bean variety MDU1 treated with gamma rays, electron beam and combination of gamma ray with EMS were used in the present investigation. The biometric observations were recorded on ten selected M3 plants from each family of every treatments for six traits viz., plant height, days to first flowering, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length and pod yield per plant. The same method was followed for recording observations on untreated parental materials also. Result: Studies on the variability parameters indicated that the phenotypic variance, genotypic variance, heritability and genetic advance were higher in combination treatment for all the traits. The shortest mutant and the earliest flowering (3M11) was observed in combination of 100 Gy of gamma ray+20 mM EMS. Mutant for the highest number of clusters (3M3) was observed in combination treatment of 300 Gy gamma ray with 20 mM EMS. The mutants for the highest number of pods per plant (3M1 and 3M2) and the highest pod yield (3M1) were identified at 400 Gy of gamma ray treatment. Fifteen desirable mutants were selected and forwarded to next generation for testing the stability in different environments.
Education-related (Study-related) Migration of the Graduates of the Secondary School: Causes and Motives (the Case of Yaroslavl region)
Authors:   Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University n.a. K.D. Ushinsky, Baburkin S.A. , Talanov S.L. ,   Sector for Sociology of Deviant Behavior at Federal Scientific Research Sociological Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow), Aleshin V.V.
Published: August 2021

Analyzed are the causes and peculiarities of the student migration from and within Yaroslav region. It is stated that the majority of school leavers from small and middlesized towns strive to enter universities in the big city of Yaroslavl (the regional center). At the same time the study has revealed that applicants from lowlevel income families try to enroll on a budget at universities of their own city. Applicants from families with middlesized income try to enroll in the universities of a more developed city. Applicants from families with high income seek to enroll in universities of Moscow and St. Petersburg or universities of Europe, USA and China. The authors have stated that the students of high schools are oriented to resources of their families and elaborate their educational and professional strategies out of real possibilities, not their wishes. The study shows that the more resources a family has the more children are attached to the opinions of their parents. As in depths interview show, the parents develop educational and professional trajectories of their children out of family resources. While elaborating professional trajectory of their children, some parents follow ethnic and national traditions and gender stereotypes regarding the roles of women and men in the labor market. The COVID-19 pandemic corrected significantly plans of low and middlesized families. Applicants prefer not to enter universities in case they cannot be enrolled on a budget. The measures are suggested to keep the most capable part of the youth in the region and attract young people from other parts of the Russian Federation.
Intensification of the Educational Process using the Method of Focused Group Interview
Authors:   Management Academy of the Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation, Perednya D.G. , Filimonov O.V.
Published: August 2021

Researched is the experience of intensification of education based on the application of the method of focused group interview within the system of higher departmental education in Russia. This method is proposed to adapt and apply as a kind of practical training. The article proves that the use of this method activates the educational process due to group dynamics, that is, the use of new types of social interactions that are traditionally not accepted to use in departmental universities. The characteristic of the trainees is given and the main educational effects of the method application are described, such as: relevance and novelty of knowledge, its practical value, persuasiveness, memorability, increased interest in the course of the lesson. The method was applied in conducting trainings courses (heads of subdivisions on interaction with civil society institutions and media of the bodies of internal Affairs of Russia) at the Higher academic courses of Academy of management of MVD of Russia. The proposed method allowed us to switch to two specific practices (strategies) for organizing this pedagogical interaction, including taking into account the regional specifics of students. Thanks to the intensification of group dynamics in the course of classes, students have the opportunity to get a lot of “fresh”, relevant examples of interaction with the media; to avoid previously unpredictable negative consequences of various types and forms of interaction in their future practice.
Individual Approach in Online Learning: Problems and Prospects
Authors:   Altai State Medical University, Kirienkova E.A. , Kirienkova N.V. , Timofeeva E.V. ,   Altai State Pedagogical University,   Altai State Agrarian University
Published: August 2021

Examined is the problem of individual educational approach in online learning, presented is the description of the score-rating system. Answered is, why and how it is necessary to rebuild the educational process under conditions of Covid. Also presented are answers about the new method of working with students, what is the role of the individual educational route in the context of distance learning, how to restructure the educational process and make sure that students learn using the tools that will help them quickly acquire competencies in an online format, and about the implementation of feedback in the audience. The experience of working in the online mode in the Moodle system is described. The pros and cons of distance learning at the university are shown. A survey of students of three higher educational institutions was conducted. It is concluded that students need live communication, and distance learning is relaxing, inefficient under conditions of sometimes lack of Internet in localities.
Training and Assessment of Communicative Skills of Medical Students: Foreign Experience and Objectives of Medical Education in the Russian Federation
Authors:   Northern State Medical University, Vasilieva E.Yu.
Published: August 2021

Analyzed is the problem of communication skills that are essential for an optimal doctor-patient relationship to improve treatment outcomes and health outcomes. The need for teaching the communication skills of medical students is recognized by all foreign medical schools and declared as a requirement for the results of training in the Federal State Educational Standard 3++ in the direction of preparation of General Medicine in the form of a universal “Communicative Competence” (UK-4). Teaching and assessing communication skills requires different approaches to teaching in other clinical disciplines. The challenge is to transform formal training in these skills, which still remains fragmented and heterogeneous in most curricula of Russian universities, into a systematic and purposefully organized, organically integrate communication skills training with clinical training. In addition, it is important that students not only know the nuances of communication and interpersonal skills with the patient, but also adhere to them throughout their medical careers. The article describes the communication models adopted by the international medical educational community, training scenarios, various methods of teaching and assessment of communication skills based on the best foreign practices. The article discusses the barriers to teaching communication skills in Russian medical universities and ways to overcome them. Possible ways of standardization of teaching and assessment of communication skills and their integration into the existing curricula of medical universities in Russia are shown.
Diplomatic Relations between Uzbekistan and Turkey (1991–2018) (In English)
Authors:   Karshi Engineering Economic Institute, Imamov B.Kh.
Published: August 2021

Introduction. This article analyzes the formation of Uzbek-Turkish relations, the causes of political conflicts and disagreements between the two countries, as well as the efforts to restore these relations on the basis of new evidence. It was also noted that the normative and legal documents signed in recent years during high-level state visits and official meetings of the two leaders in trade, economic, scientific, technical, cultural and humanitarian spheres play an important role in expanding mutually beneficial relations. Methods and materials. The article covers the information on the meetings of the heads of the two countries at the highest level, as well as the agreements signed by the heads of the two states, the content of the agreements, as well as their role and role in the development of states. These signed legal and normative documents, in turn, serve to close and effective cooperation between the two countries in the political, economic and cultural spheres. Analysis. The article analyzes the dynamics of important state visits of Uzbekistan and Turkey by the heads of State, which serve the relations of cooperation in many spheres. The analysis on the topic was conducted in 1991-2018 with a thorough observation of the decline in some years, accompanied by a high level of dynamics of relations between the two countries. Results. The diplomatic relations between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Republic of Turkey are characterized by the following results: bilateral agreements concluded in all areas, signed agreements and agreements; joint ventures established over the past years, held exhibitions and business forums; Membership of the Republic of Uzbekistan to the Council of Turkic-speaking states; The attitude of the Turkish government to the foreign policy of the head of Uzbekistan in the country; the fact that today after the Cold War in the relations of the two countries has risen to the level of a new strategic partnership will serve as another repetition of such cases in the future.
Human Capital as a Factor of Informal Employment in Azerbaijan
Authors:   National Observatory on Labor Market and Social Protection, Novruzov N.A.
Published: August 2021

Discussed are the theory of sustainable development of society and the concept of national wealth which are based on the recognition of man as the driving force of social development. The formation and development of human capital, the use of its potential is becoming, along with the development of technology, a key factor in the development of the productive forces of society. A person, possessing a combination of various forces and abilities, is a factor of economic growth. The aim of the work is to study the development of human capital and the growth of its role in modern society. In accordance with the set goal, the following tasks are solved: clarification of the content of the concept of “human capital”, consideration of the theory of human capital within the framework of historical development and disclosure of its function, identifying the types of human capital and factors affecting it, analysis of the state of human capital in Azerbaijan, identification of risks and challenges, recommendations for improving human capital in the country.
The Problem of Self-Identification of “I” and “We” in the Context of Globalization
Authors:   Kuban State Technological University, Pashkova N.V.
Published: August 2021

Discussed is influence of global processes on development of the individual and society involved in the new world created by modern technologies. This world was supposed to become a “paradise” for everyone living on Earth, but every year humanity's anxiety about its near future is felt, the number of local conflicts and social protests is increasing. Traditional values today are becoming an archaic monument, they are replaced by new ones. They blur the boundaries and, in fact, disorient the modern person, which causes the problem of identification of the individual and society in the context of global integration. Each of us is like a drowning man, for whom a raft (embodying fundamental values) is the only salvation, but its absence in the raging sea of information and many subcultures does not leave the hope that, sooner or later, the person in distress will again find a quiet and peaceful life. As a person (“I”) to “find oneself”, not allowing to replace «my» with “ alien”, and society (“We”) to become free, thanks to the preservation of its cultural and historical space, while not losing unity with the global world? We present our own vision of this issue, relying on futuristic models created by philosophers of the 20th century as a symbolic “time capsule” for future generations.
Fifty Years in the Military Scientific System: Vocation — Pedagogy
Authors:   Military Academy of the Russian Strategic Missile Forces, Belyakov B.L. , Pinchuk A.V.
Published: August 2021

Shown are the main stages of the history of the formation of the personality of the military teacher, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor Solodova Evgenia Alexandrovna, her individual characteristics and attitude to people (students, cadets, listeners, adjuncts, doctoral students) in the process of the origin, development and functioning of the unique scientific and pedagogical team of the higher school of the higher education system of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation “the Department of Military Acmeology and Cybernetics of the VA RVSN. Peter the Great”, which celebrated its 45th anniversary in August 2021. The article presents a new direction and prospects for the scientific development of gender (female) pedagogy, which is an integral part of the military pedagogical school of the RVSN, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.
Teachers' Perceptions of the Role of Universities in Mentoring Programs for Inclusive Elementary Schools: A Case Study in Indonesia
Authors: . Rasmitadila , Humaira Megan Asri , Rachmadtullah Reza
Published: August 2021

The key problem with implementing inclusive education in inclusive elementary schools in Indonesia is that the role of all stakeholders in creating mentoring programs must be continuous and sustainable. The purpose of this study is to explore the opinions of general teachers (GTs) regarding the role of universities in mentoring programs for inclusive elementary schools. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews with 32 GTs in inclusive elementary schools. Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis of qualitative data. The results show two main themes, namely university involvement, and inclusive education resource centers. The roles of universities in mentoring programs for inclusive elementary schools are the development of effective instruction systems and the provision of human resources who are competent at implementing inclusive education in inclusive elementary schools. This research is expected to be the basis for policymakers, especially in universities, to design appropriate and relevant mentoring programs for the problems faced by inclusive elementary schools.
The role of diaphragm as a natural resistance to the necrosis produced by pruning cuts
Authors: Faúndez-López Patricio , Gutiérrez-Gamboa Gastón , Moreno-Simunovic Yerko
Published: August 2021

Long before the scientific method was created, vine pruning was established as an art as early as at the beginning of the Christian era. Pruning is a way of reducing the vegetative part of the vine in order to limit its natural growth, and thus improve yield and grape quality by controlling the number of latent buds that are left per vine. Today, Virgilio and Plineo instructions are still being followed for pruning, with the exception of some small empirical changes, which were introduced in the 19th century by Jules Guyot. This report aims to evaluate the effect of pruning cuts on wood necrosis behaviour, and to determine the effect of pruning on shoot development on different vine varieties.
Распространение вариантов вируса SARS-COV-2, вызывающих озабоченность (VOC) и интерес (VOI) на основе количества их геномов, депонированных в базу данных GISAID за неделю с 21.08. по 27.08.2021 г.
Authors: Дмитриева Людмила , Чумачкова Елена , Краснов Ярослав , Осина Наталья , Сафронов Валентин , Иванова Александра , Карнаухов Игорь , Караваева Татьяна , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: August 2021

В обзоре представлен анализ геновариантов вируса SARS-CoV-2, вызывающих озабоченность (VOC) и интерес (VOI) на основе их гено-мов в базе GISAID за неделю с 21.08. по 27.08.2021 г.
Apianella nom. nov. (Dasycladales, Triploporellaceae): New name for the preoccupied algal genus Apinella Granier et al., 1986
Authors: Granier Bruno , Michaud François
Published: August 2021

The name Apinella GRANIER et al., 1986, which was preoccupied by Apinella RAFINESQUE, 1840, a genus of Umbelliferae/Apiaceae, is replaced here by Apianella GRANIER & MICHAUD, nom. nov.
Is Reproducibility Always Important or Even Possible for a Scientific Experiment?
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pronskich Vitaliy S.
Published: August 2021

This article provides an extended commentary on three books by R. Laymon and A. Franklin about the methodology and epistemology of the scientific experi­ment, as well as their article on the issue of reproducibility of experiments. The reproducibility of scientific results has historically been considered one of the methodological standards of science, and it is associated with ideas about the truth and intersubjective nature of scientific knowledge. The problem of re­producibility has received particular attention in recent decades because special­ized studies have revealed that more than half of the results from the social sci­entific studies cannot be reproduced; many cases of fraud in biomedical sciences have been uncovered; and the collective nature of subjectivity in elementary par­ticle physics has accentuated the instability of the knowledge obtained by large collaborations. In reconstructing discussions about reproducibility in the philo­sophical literature, we distinguish between replicating an experiment by repeat­ing it in a way that is as close as possible to the original and actually reproducing it by re-obtaining a previously observed phenomenon in a significantly modified instrumental-theoretical setting. We also introduce the concept of replication-2 as an intermediate form between replication and reproducing. These kinds of re­search repetitions perform different functions in experimental practice. We show that a variety of kinds of replication and reproduction are at the heart of a set of epistemic strategies: experimental methodological standards identified by Franklin based on decades of research in scientific practice. We analyze a num­ber of experiments in which a single measurement, in the absence of epistemic strategies, was sufficient for the community to accept a new theory. In these cases, we argue, a theory based on high-value symmetry principles turned out to be the dominant lens of the community, while the experiment played a role only as a demonstration. Such examples, in our opinion, indicate that the experiment’s role in a situation of shifting scientific paradigms is different from its role in nor­mal science: the requirements for reproducibility and epistemic strategies are significantly alleviated in the former in comparison to the latter.
The Meaning as a Subject of Interdisciplinary Studies
Authors:   Institute of Philology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kuzmina Maria A.
Published: August 2021

The paper discusses the interdisciplinary studies of the meaning. Being a difficult object to analyze, the meaning could be considered as an «intermediate» between the micro-level of individual consciousness and the macro-level of social institu­tions. The paper shows the possibilities of sociological and psychological para­digms in the analysis of the meaning as a unit of language consciousness. Thus represented, the meaning is a traditional subject of psycholinguistics. The mean­ings changeable in time are captured in the results of mass associative experi­ments. The paper studies the special properties of the meaning, such as «open­ness» at the same time to the individual minds and to social institutions; external conditionality of consistency; bimodality, or autopoiesis, which is the ability to si­multaneously be an element and a principle of system organization. Due to these properties of the meaning it is possible to combine psycholinguistic methods with approaches from other sciences, as well as to use an integrative methodology. The paper demonstrates the possibilities of interdisciplinary approach from the perspective of the sources of the meanings, including social actors, social in­stitutions or individuals.
The Container Model of Society as a Research Paradigm
Authors:   Russian University of Transport, Klepikova Liubov V. , Klimov Sergej N. ,   Russian University of Transport
Published: August 2021

The article deals with the container model of society (CMS) which has been used for a long time in disciplines dealing with the study of society, the processes of its development and change. The term CMS was introduced into the scientific circulation of foreign social sciences and humanities about twenty years ago, but it is not yet widely known in the Russian social studies. The article traces the history of the formation of the KMO and its introduction into the research apparatus of foreign social and humanitarian works, provides an overview of the monograph by U. Beck, as well as the article by N. Glik Schiller and A. Wimmer. The CMS is based on the view of society as a set of closed social groups that are “containers”. Hitherto CMS has been used as the methodological tool, which allowed reconsidering the old approaches and the concepts formed in the social and migrant studies. However, the fact that not only scientists, but also ordinary members of the community, were inclined to systematize social reality like the puzzle of the homogeneous “containers”, was out of the re­searchers’ attention. The main peculiarity of the modern situation around CMS consists in the circumstance that CMS is reproducing itself permanently in the common discourses, in the various confrontations and conflicts. The arti­cle’s authors try to show not just the methodological, but also the theoretical pos­sibilities of CMS for the social studies in Russia. In view of the principles, which the individuals use to identify themselves and others, the socio-humanitarian studies are capable to get a fundamentally new approach toward the analysis of the social field of the human existence as well as to diverge from the method­ological dogmatism in the field of the social sciences.
Fichte’s Ethics on Radical Evil
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sudakov Andrey K.
Published: August 2021

Fichte constructs the general part of his early ethics as a philosophy of concrete freedom in the shape of a history of moral self-consciousness, and in the course of this construction he discovers something what he, in Kantian stile, may call a “radical evil in human nature”, that is, a force of “inertness to reflection and to activity in accordance with such reflection” inherent to human nature. Schelling and some contemporary authors recognize in Fichte’s doctrine of evil a symptom of his return to the ethical naturalism of the Enlightenment. An anal­ysis of the dynamics of moral reflection in the I according to Fichte shows, however, that, exactly as the I itself is for Fichte essentially a duality, a subject-object, so is each particular position in the movement of the self-reflection of the I, on the one hand, conditioned by this spiritual inertness of human nature, but that same inertness is, on the other hand, a chain with which human free­dom retains itself, and therefore actually inexistent as a restraining force for a free I, conscious of his own ethical vocation, so that its dwelling within the limits of the customary (in the invariability of consciousness) is the subject’s own fault as “non-use of freedom”. The spiritual inertness, as an empirical con­dition of possibility of a bad choice, is nevertheless in Fichte a spiritual force of a specific kind, active even there where ethical choice in the strict sense of the term is not (yet) at issue. Schelling’s reproof must therefore be acknowledged as invalid, exactly because the history of self-consciousness is, in Fichte’s ethics, not so much an exposition of a real sequence, as a transcendental reflec­tion of grounds.
Ontology of Gerhard Oberhammer’s Transcendent Experience as an Experience of Thinking on the Border of Reason
Authors:   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Belov Vladimir N.
Published: August 2021

The article presents an attempt by one of the most interesting modern thinkers, the Austrian scientist Gerhard Oberhammer, to substantiate the possibility of a transcendental experience of meeting with God and the philosophical-hermeneutic objectification of this experience. Based on the traditions of Kant’s transcendental philosophy and its hermeneutical interpretation by Karl-Otto Apel, Oberhammer also draws on the productive intentions of Karl Jaspers’ con­cept of the “ciphers of the transcendent”, experience as a person’s being captured by Martin Heidegger and Emmanuel Levinas’ hypostase. The article deals with a heuristic interpretation of these concepts for Oberhammer’s explanation of the possibility of a transcendent experience as an experience of an absolute meeting of man with God. According to the Austrian philosopher and Indologist, the place of transcendent experience is the inner world of the subject, which is characterized by two main properties: depth and openness. The latter allows us to hope for the possibility of meeting with the other, but again, not outside the subject, but inside it, realizing the hidden structures of the inner world, as a world correlated with what is outside it. That is, according to Gerhard Ober­hammer, the transcendent experience of the subject can be comprehended in its two interdependent moments related to the subject’s situation, namely, the mo­ment of its self-explanation and the moment of its correlation. The Austrian philosopher represents the religious subject as being in a constant self-overcom­ing of its limited isolation and finding its true essence, which implicitly contains both its depth and its correlation with the other, as its ability to accept this other into itself. The article substantiates the idea that the Austrian scientist builds his concept of religious and philosophical hermeneutics with a firm belief in its pro­ductivity and the possibility of using it for the analysis of any religion, since he focuses on universal transformations and events that occur in the life of a be­liever, regardless of the religious tradition to which he belongs.
On the Question of the Translation of Some Philosophical Terms in the Article of G. Oberhammer “The Forgotten Secret of Human Love”
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Titlin Lev I.
Published: August 2021

The article deals with the problem of translation of some Sanskrit, English and German philosophical terms found in the article of Austrian indologist G. Ober­hammer “The Forgotten Secret of Human Love. An Attempt of an Approach”, which is devoted to the phenomenon of human love in India of the ancient and medieval period in such texts as Kāmasūtra of Vātsyāyana, Sātvatasaṃhitā, Nyāyabhāṣya of Pakṣilasvāmin, Śaraṇāgatigadya of Rāmānuja, etc. (translation of the article is attached below). At the beginning of the article, brief information on Oberhammer and the study of his creative heritage in Russia is provided. In particular, such Sanskrit terms as “śṛṅgāra” (erotic mood), “kāma” (sexual de­sire), the English term “rest”, the German “Rest” are considered. The author poses the following questions: is it possible to translate the word “kāma” as “love”, “śṛṅgāra” (erotische Stimmungen) – as erotic mood, whether to translate the Eng­lish “rest” as “peace”, or as “remainder”: and replies that, basing on contextual use, for “kāma” it is better to use the translation “desire” (“sexual desire”) or leave the Sanskrit term as it is, as Oberhammer does for the most part, “erotic mood”, to be more precise, means “erotic feeling”, not “mood” and the English “rest” clearly means “the remainder”, more specifically – the abandonment of oneself to God. The author concludes that for the correct translation of English terms in articles devoted to Indological problems, it is necessary to refer directly to Sanskrit terms, in the case of translated articles, we must also check the text against the original language, and for translation of Sanskrit terms we should use specialized dictionaries, referring to cases of contextual use of that terms.