bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A liderança na gestão escolar
Authors: Cardoso Jéssica Pessoa
Published: October 2024

No âmbito escolar são várias atribuições que compete o gestor, entre uma delas o papel de liderar esse ambiente, sendo algo de extrema relevância. A liderança por parte do diretor é uma habilidade importante, visto que a gestão orienta, mobiliza e coordena o trabalho da comunidade escolar em todos os sentidos, com o intuito da melhoria do ensino-aprendizagem.
O objetivo geral dessa pesquisa é discutir a importância da liderança nas atividades da gestão escolar. De modo específico, delineamos como objetivos: 1) problematizar as atividades exercidas pelo gestor; 2) discorrer acerca da habilidade de liderança enquanto mecanismo da gestão escolar; 3) caracterizar o papel da gestão escolar frente às demandas de decisão e organização do espaço educacional. Para realização desta pesquisa tomamos por base os seguintes autores que versam acerca da gestão escolar e das atividades de competência do gestor/diretor: Luck (2009), Ferreira e Souza (2009), Gil (2013) e a Secretaria de Estado da Educação do Paraná (2010). Para tratar da liderança utilizamos Luck (2014), Boçon (2013), Chiavenato (2000), Alves e Moura (2011 ou 2012). Por fim, Luck (2014), Pereira (2014), Horonato (2012) e Luck (2006) nos embasam na abordagem sobre a liderança nas atividades exercidas pelo gestor. A pesquisa é de caráter bibliográfico em que utilizamos materiais já existentes como: livros, dissertações, artigos e outros documentos impressos disponíveis, como também retirados da internet. A pesquisa realizada nos mostrou que a habilidade de liderança é um fator indispensável para quem exerce cargos de gestão, sendo que o exercício da gestão pressupõe liderança, pois não se pode fazer gestão sem exercer liderança.
A leitura como recurso de aprendizagem na Educação Infantil
Authors: Cardoso Jéssica Pessoa
Published: October 2024

Esta pesquisa trata sobre a leitura considerando-a como sendo um fator que contribui no desenvolvimento intelectual e profissional de qualquer indivíduo. Iniciamos o nosso artigo trazendo alguns conceitos de leitura e, em seguida destacamos os tipos de leitura no qual varia de acordo com cada leitor. Passamos em seguida abordar sobre a leitura na escola, destacando-a como sendo um fator preeminente na formação do hábito de leitura. Acreditamos que essas instituições influenciam quaisquer indivíduos. Logo adiante, falaremos da importância da leitura e os recursos utilizados para incentivar as crianças a ler na educação infantil, pois a criança tomando gosto pela leitura nesta fase escolar, a mesma terá resultados eficaz.
AI-powered personalization: How machine learning is shaping the future of user experience
Authors: Bangar Raju Cherukuri
Published: October 2024

AI is changing the face of user interaction in almost every niche, including e-Commerce, social networks, and SaaS. With the help of incredible computing techniques, AI is making it possible to deliver the right content, recommendations and interacting results in front of users according to their preferences. This work discusses how personalization has developed in virtual space, from simple recommendations to subsequent and sophisticated prediction patterns. It often focuses on e-commerce sites, social networks, and SaaS applications in which user targeting, product recommendations, variable pricing, content management, and advertising contribute to customer interest. AI makes a customer’s experience smoother and more efficient by presenting products and services in a way that seamlessly meets and, in many cases, exceeds their expectations as well as the needs of the business. Nevertheless, this article also discusses issues such as data protection, the problem of algorithm inclination, and the rapidly evolving question of values inherent within deep data mining.
An analysis of Odera Oruka’s philosophic sagacity manifestation in the Tharaka Community Wise Sayings
Authors: Faustine Muchui Ndumpa  , Jonathan Kathenge  , Pascal Mwina
Published: October 2024

This research critically analyzed Odera Oruka’s philosophic sagacity and its manifestation in Tharaka community wise sayings. Odera Oruka's work primarily centered on identifying and documenting the wisdom of individual sages within African communities, challenging the stereotype that African cultures lack philosophical traditions. By studying Odera Oruka’s philosophical sagacity through the lens of Tharaka traditional wise sayings, the research’s main objective was to understand the philosophical wisdom endowed and communicated in the community’s wise sayings for individual and societal well-being. The need for the study was prompted by an over-emphasis on systematic Western philosophy since scholastic time that has continued to devalue traditional African wisdom which was not only a foundation of African philosophy but also the wisdom behind African traditional societal development. The study used a rational-analytical philosophical approach. Hermeneutics theory which focuses on the theory and methodology of interpretation, particularly concerning texts and symbolic content was used. The study was library-based, drawing resources from published and unpublished works, journals, and digital sources. The study found that Tharaka proverbs address themes such as resilience, community solidarity, respect for elders, and learning from experiences. These proverbs serve as a repository of collective knowledge and moral guidance, inviting reflection and discussion among community members. The results align with Oruka’s idea that true wisdom involves critical engagement with cultural norms and practical wisdom for daily living.
Observing the deepwater environment using an underwater vehicle
Authors: Mohammad Harun-Or-Rashid  , Abubakar Abdullah  , Md. Ashikur Rahman  , Aanha Haque  , Md. Saber Hossain
Published: October 2024

The development of a low-cost remotely controlled underwater vehicle, as well as wireless communication and submerging methods, are discussed in this paper. One of the major objectives of the present study was to monitor the underwater environment. An action camera was used to record the underwater environment. The shape of the underwater vehicle is cylindrical where radius and length are 0.15 m and 0.45 m respectively. SolidWorks software was used to design the vehicle and build it accordingly. For the main body, PVC pipe was used because it was cost-effective and wouldn’t catch any rust. In the present study, it was found that radio frequency was not working properly underwater. Therefore, the antenna was extended above the surface of the water. Finally, experimental data was stored in a black box. From the experimental data, it is found that output responses like roll, pitch and yaw show good agreement against the input command.
Wounded to healed: Self-care practices among counselors
Authors: Ishika Mittal  , Riddhi Shethiya  , Shubhangi Goswami  , Aayushi Nawandar  , Anjana Sinha
Published: October 2024

Selfcare is crucial for all individuals and counsellors are no exception to this. This qualitative study investigates the selfcare practices of counsellors, recognising its importance for professionals in this field. It explores the selfcare practices, work-life balance, goals, client welfare, barriers and motivations for selfcare. A sample of seven practicing counsellors was selected through convenience sampling and semi structured interviews were conducted with them. The collected data was transcribed and thematically analysed using Nvivo 14. The analysis revealed seven major themes relating to the research questions. The findings highlight the range of physical and mental well-being practices employed by the counsellors. However, mental well-being was prioritised by the sample. The stress management strategies included interpersonal relationships, emotional expression through crying and talking out, and spending time alone. Notably, the selfcare behaviours were found to be primarily motivated by concern for client welfare rather than being self driven. Consequently, the inability to set boundaries and the guilt associated with declining professional demands served as major barriers to selfcare. This study contributes towards understanding the complexities of selfcare among counsellors. It also highlights the need for addressing the barriers to selfcare in order to enhance the wellbeing of those in the counselling profession.
Bread designed for impaired glucose metabolism, recipe composition and protein enrichers for it
Authors: Ruseva Nadya , Gogova Tzvetana , Vladeva Stefka , Hristov Bozhidar
Published: October 2024

Glucose metabolism is a significant factor in the health of the human organism. It’s influenced by an individual genetic characteristics and lifestyle. When disturbances are created, conditions arise such as: impaired fasting glycaemia, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, non-insuline-dependent diabetes mellitus, which can lead to other diseases progressing. In support of medical therapy for prevention and control, low-calorie dietary patterns are recommended to maintain the body’s energy balance through increased protein content, dietary fiber, rich mineral composition, unsaturated fats, antioxidants and vitamins. To making diet-compatible bread, raw materials should not have a negative impact on the sick organism, taking into account their nutritional profile and possible allergens. The addition of proteins to bread, through protein concentrates with indicators of a beneficial impact on the expressed problem, such as: whey protein, brown rice protein, protein powder from edible insects, implies giving this value to the product as well. As basic and supplementary raw materials suitable according to the findings are: whole rye flour, whole wheat flour, carob flour and Himalayan salt. Bread with such recipe composition would have a low glycaemic index and useful biochemical profile, but appropriate studies are needed to prove the claim.
Development and research of hydrogel materials based on hydroxyapatite and sodium alginate
Authors:   Seversk Technological Institute — branch of the National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”, Zelichenko E. A. , Chubenko Ya. B. ,   Seversk Technological Institute — branch of the National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”, Guzeev V. V. ,   Seversk Technological Institute — branch of the National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”, Guzeeva T. I. ,   Seversk Technological Institute — branch of the National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”, Gurova O. A. ,   Seversk Technological Institute — branch of the National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”
Published: October 2024

In this work, we conducted studies of hydrogel materials containing sodium alginate and hydroxyapatite obtained by demineralization of cattle bones. The optimal content of sodium alginate in the solution was established as a result of studying the solution viscosity. The swelling time of sodium alginate of the used brand and manufacturer was determined. Studies of the hydrogel material using a light microscope showed that hydroxyapatite microparticles had predominantly spherical shape and were equally distributed in the studied samples. Results of a toxicity test in an accredited laboratory determined that hydrogel materials met the requirements for safe use in terms of sanitary-chemical and toxicological-hygienic indicators, that reveals the advisability of further study of these materials. The possibility of their use for targeted delivery of biologically active substances inside the body must be confirmed after carrying out a full range of necessary tests for compliance with the required standards.
NOMADIC MEMORY AND REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN IN EAVAN BOLAND’S THE HISTORIANS
Authors: Dürükoğlu Okaycan
Published: October 2024

This article aims to explore Eavan Boland’s The Historians (2020) through the lens of Rosi Braidotti’s concept of nomadic memory. In this posthumously published poetry collection, Boland brings together the marginalised and mostly forgotten stories of Irish women so as to reject their silenced and monolithic representation in traditional narratives such as history and official documents. While doing so, Boland uses the power of memory and fuses the act of remembering with imaginative recreations. The act of remembering Boland presents in The Historians is in line with nomadic remembering in that it provides mobility and fluidity for female subject positions, and eventually problematises the essentialist representations that are supported in the dominant patriarchal discourse of history. Accordingly, this paper argues that read through Braidotti’s notion of nomadic memory, Boland, in The Historians, uses nomadic memory to develop female nomadic subjects with fluid identities and their own history.
Estimación y análisis espacial de la susceptibilidad hídrica en cuencas hidrográficas de llanura (Argentina)
Authors: Bohn Vanesa Yael , Mastrandrea Aldana
Published: October 2024

La ocurrencia de eventos extremos de precipitación produce impactos en la dinámica de las cuencas hidrográficas, ocasionando fenómenos de anegamiento, variabilidad de la humedad del suelo y desbordes de cursos de agua, entre otros. En la llanura pampeana argentina, es habitual la alternancia de períodos secos y húmedos. Por esta razón, los estudios de las consecuencias de estos eventos son de gran utilidad para la gestión de los recursos y el uso de la tierra. El objetivo de esta investigación fue estimar la susceptibilidad hídrica en dos cuencas hidrográficas de la llanura argentina, mediante una evaluación multicriterio que incluyó el análisis y ponderación de variables climáticas, fisiográficas, edáficas e hidrológicas. El procesamiento de los datos se realizó en un entorno de SIG (Sistemas de Información Geográfica) y a partir de información proveniente de bases de datos publicadas de libre acceso (ej: bases de datos HydroBASINS e HydroLAKES [Lehner y Grill, 2013]), en formato ráster y vectorial. Como resultado se obtuvo mayor representatividad de la categoría de susceptibilidad hídrica baja (83 % y 52,9 % en las cuencas de los arroyos Napostá Chico y Chasicó, respectivamente) y moderadamente baja en ambas cuencas (14,3 % y 43,8 % en las cuencas de los arroyos Napostá Chico y Chasicó, respectivamente). De las variables analizadas, mediante la elaboración de una matriz de consistencia, se determinó que las de mayor peso en la estimación de la susceptibilidad fueron el desarrollo de paleocanales y los rasgos geomorfológicos.
The term “корпорация” (corporation): Problems of use, interpretation, and translation into English
Authors: Salkova Natalia Vladimirovna
Published: October 2024

The article aims to identify the specifics of the functioning and translation into English of the term “корпорация” (corporation) as a key term for the categorical-conceptual apparatus of corporate law in the Russian Federation. The research also focuses on analyzing the term in question to determine its compliance with the main essential features as a terminological unit. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that it is the first time that the term “корпорация” and its English translation equivalents are considered in a comparative aspect in relation to their normative-legal, doctrinal, and lexicographic recording. As a result, the historical and territorial semantic variability of the term under study in legal terminology was established. The term can function within the Russian legal field as part of a company name as a component of the name, as an indication of the organizational and legal form, and as a generic concept for all forms of corporate legal entities, which indicates the absence of the necessary minimum of features that characterize the lexical unit “корпорация” as a term, in contrast to the terms “corporation” (USA) and “corporate body” (UK), which possess functional stability in the legislation, theory, and law enforcement practice of the respective states.
Lyotard’s postmodernism and philological imagology: Points of contact
Authors: Kamalova Sofia Damirovna
Published: October 2024

The study of metanarrative has served as a significant impetus for the development of humanistic knowledge in the second half of the 20th century. The critical re-evaluation of the role of metanarratives in shaping knowledge about the surrounding reality, proposed by the French researcher Jean-François Lyotard, allowed for the identification and description of a turning point in global research practice, marking a change of eras, a transition from modernism to postmodernism. The postmodern era is characterized by the emergence of a whole range of new interdisciplinary fields of knowledge, among which is imagology, studying foreign national images in various types of discourse, specifically philological imagology, whose primary focus is on images in fiction. The aim of this research is to reveal the connection between the crisis of metanarratives, which marked the transition from modernism to the postmodern era, and the fundamental ideas of imagology, situated at the intersection of philological, ethnographic, and philosophical studies. The article describes the change in the status and role of knowledge at the turning point of the two eras, provides a distinction between the concepts of narrative and scientific knowledge, presents Lyotard’s views on ways of legitimizing knowledge, and draws parallels with the key postulates of imagology in general and philological imagology in particular. The impossibility of legitimizing scientific knowledge through consensus or efficiency parameters suggests the search for a non-standard, paralogical solution to pressing socio-cultural questions related to issues of identity and identification, relations between “us” and “others”, and the establishment of intercultural and interethnic dialogue. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the fact that it demonstrates for the first time the connection between the crisis of metanarratives identified by Jean-François Lyotard and the formation of imagology as a separate interdisciplinary scientific field. One of the key directions of this field is philological imagology, with its focus on foreign national images in fiction and other elements of the artistic world of a literary work, which actualize the theme of alienation and otherness, as well as identity and identification. Due to the boundary position of imagology at the intersection of comparative literature, philosophy, sociology, and linguoculturology, the research is interdisciplinary in nature, focusing on the philosophical views of Jean-François Lyotard on humanistic knowledge through the lens of the problematics of postmodern literature, which has tremendous potential in the figurative-symbolic expression of imagological meanings and narratives. The research findings have shown a regular relationship between the collapse of the dominance of metanarrative in the views of postmodernists and the fundamental functions of imagology. These functions were to debunk myths and stereotypes about the image of “others”, which have lost their relevance.
The lexico-semantic field of the STUDENT concept in the pedagogical discourse of F. A. Vigdorova (based on the prose from the 1950s-1960s)
Authors: Kulicheva Evgeniya Viacheslavovna
Published: October 2024

The study aims to determine the role of the lexico-semantic field of the STUDENT concept in the pedagogical discourse of F. A. Vigdorova (based on the prose from the 1950s-1960s). The study establishes the frequency of the lexeme “student” and words representing the STUDENT concept; examines lexicographic data of these words; analyzes their semantics; and identifies functional equivalents of the naming unit “student” in Vigdorova’s pedagogical discourse. The methods of description, statistical counting, and elements of component analysis are employed. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the first-time consideration of participants in pedagogical discourse (“students”) in Vigdorova’s prose from the 1950s-1960s. The results reveal that the lexico-semantic field of the STUDENT concept in Vigdorova’s pedagogical discourse is represented by the following lexico-semantic groups: “Students of Secondary Education Institutions”, “Students of Specialized Education Institutions”, and “Students of Higher Education Institutions”. The first two groups are the most frequent, which is due to Vigdorova’s professional activities as a teacher and journalist, who has extensive knowledge of the existing education system. The words representing the STUDENT concept form the basis of the mental-linguistic complex of Vigdorova’s linguistic personality. The author uses these units from her idiolect to depict the established Soviet education system, its paths to improvement, and to convey her thoughts on the crucial role of the teacher and student in this system, emphasizing their harmonious interaction. According to Vigdorova’s ideas, the student is a reflection of the teacher, their views, thoughts, and behavior.
Does vitamin D supplementation benefit, harm, or have no effects on pregnant women or their babies?
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: October 2024

This article is the Russian translation of the Plain Language Summary (PLS) of the Cochrane Review previously published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Original publication: Palacios C, Kostiuk LL, Cuthbert A, Weeks J. Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024;7(7):CD008873. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD008873.pub5
Antitrombóticos em mapas conceituais
Authors: Batista Gustavo Lucas Ribeiro , Brasil Rafael Lara , Lia Erica Negrini
Published: October 2024

O objetivo desse estudo foi desenvolver mapas conceituais (MCs) sobre fármacos antitrombóticos direcionados ao ensino de Odontologia com informações baseadas em evidências científicas atualizadas. Inicialmente, os conceitos fundamentais foram identificados por meio de consulta à literatura científica. Em seguida, informações relacionadas aos fármacos antitrombóticos foram organizadas e as perguntas focais definidas. Os conceitos foram inseridos nos MCs e estabelecidas as relações conceituais. Para aprimorar os conceitos foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus e Embase por revisões sistemáticas publicadas nos últimos dez anos utilizando os termos antithrombotics, antiplatelet, anticoagulants, antithrombotic therapy, dentistry e dental surgery. Ao total foram encontrados 23 artigos, 12 foram excluídos e, portanto, 11 artigos foram incluídos. Subsequentemente, os layouts dos MCs foram organizados por meio do aplicativo CmapTools (versão 6.04). Foram desenvolvidos oito MCs sobre processo hemostático, cascata da coagulação sanguínea, mecanismo de ação dos anticoagulantes e antiagregantes plaquetários, interação medicamentosa e alimentar. Os MCs produzidos contém informações essenciais para a formação do aluno de Odontologia acerca de um tema de grande importância, em especial para casos cirúrgicos. Estudos futuros serão conduzidos para testar a eficácia dos MCs sobre o aprendizado.
STANDARISASI BENTUK PRODUK HUKUM SEBAGAI TINDAK LANJUT PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI PADA PERKARA PENGUJIAN UNDANG-UNDANG OMNIBUS
Authors: Jufri Muwaffiq , Fahmi Agung Ali , Aidonojie Paul Atagamen , Asyiqoh Lin , Ikubanni Oluwaseye Oluwayomi
Published: October 2024

Pengujian kembali Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja tahun 2023 menandakan sedang adanya permasalahan serius dalam sistem legislasi nasional, utamanya terkait penentuan tindak lanjut atas Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi pada perkara Pengujian Undang-Undang Omnibus. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini ialah: Pertama, mengapa perlu adanya standarisasi bentuk produk hukum sebagai tindak lanjut Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi?; Kedua, Bagaimana bentuk produk hukum ideal sebagai tindak lanjut Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi atas pengujian undang-undang omnibus?. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan konsep, perundang-undangan, dan kasus. Pembahasan dalam penelitian ini ialah bahwa standarisasi bentuk produk hukum dimaksudkan untuk menjamin eksekutabilitas Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Sedangkan bentuk produk hukum ideal sebagai tindak lanjut Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi ialah undang-undang dengan model fast track legislation. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini ialah perlunya legitimasi atas gagasan undang-undang sebagai bentuk tindak lanjut atas Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi pada perkara pengujian undang-undang omnibus
Antara Otoritas dan Otonomi : Pertautan Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Praktik Eksekusi Putusan PTUN
Authors: Ahmad Ahmad , Suciani Putri Viorizza , Muhtar Mohamad Hidayat
Published: October 2024

Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui pentingnya perlindungan hak asasi manusia dalam pelaksanaan upaya paksa eksekusi putusan Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara (PTUN) dan Kendala Pelaksanaan Eksekusi Paksa Putusan PTUN dalam mewujudkan Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia. Sebagaimana diketahui, Penguatan eksekusi putusan pengadilan tata terus diperkuat melalui perubahan Undang-Undang tentang PTUN tahun 2005 dan terakhir 2009 melalui Upaya paksa serta pengenaan sanksi administratif terhadap tergugat yang dalam hal ini adalah pejabat pemerintahan yang tidak melaksanakan putusan pengadilan yang telah memperoleh kekuatan hukum tetap. Tulisan ini  menggunakan metode Normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual dan dianalisis menggunakan Teknik deskriptif analitis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan Perlindungan hak asasi manusia merupakan hal yang penting dalam menyelesaikan pelaksanaan eksekusi paksa putusan PTUN agar eksekusi  dapat memastikan keadilan bagi semua pihak yang terlibat sesuai dengan prinsip negara hukum yang berkeadilan dalam Undang-Undang Dasar 1945. Selain itu, Kendala Pelaksanaan Eksekusi Paksa Putusan PTUN dalam mewujudkan Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia yaitu Kurangnya kerjasama atau permohonan upaya paksa dari pihak penggugat ke PTUN, kurangnya Kesadaran Pejabat, dan kurangnya aturan pelaksana. Pada akhirnya, penulisan ini menawarkan solusi perlunya payung hukum yang lengkap dan tidak bertentangan satu sama lainnya untuk pelaksanaan eksekusi, pelaksanaan penegakan hukum yang konsisten dan tegas, dan peningkatan efisiensi sistem birokrasi dan kapabilitas aparatur pemerintah. Implementasi dari solusi-solusi ini diharapkan dapat memperbaiki proses eksekusi putusan PTUN, menjadikannya lebih berkeadilan, serta berkontribusi positif pada penegakan hukum dan penghormatan terhadap hak asasi manusia di Indonesia.
RELEVANSI PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI DI BIDANG PENGUJIAN UNDANG-UNDANG TERHADAP POLITIK KRIMINAL INDONESIA
Authors: Akbar Muhammad Fatahillah
Published: October 2024

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana dampak Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi di bidang Pengujian Undang-Undang terhadap perkembangan politik kriminal dan memberikan rekomendasi bagaimana seharusnya MK menguji Undang-Undang pidana di masa yang akan datang. MK sejak berdiri telah menguji berbagai Undang-Undang Pidana di Indonesia, baik dari segi materiil maupun formil. Dalam hukum pidana materiil, MK senyatanya masih konsisten untuk bertindak hanya sebagai negative legislature dan tidak menjadi criminal policy maker. Dalam hukum pidana materiil, MK hanya menjatuhkan putusan untuk dekriminalisasi tindak pidana yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang, seperti dalam pengujian Pasal Penghinaan Presiden dan Perbuatan tidak menyenangkan dalam KUHP. MK juga menolak menghapus unsur “ikatan perkawinan” dalam Pasal 284 KUHP karena berpotensi menjadi kriminalisasi, bukan dekriminalisasi. Namun, pada hukum pidana formil MK bertindak menjadi positive legislature, sebagai contoh dalam putusan penambahan kompetensi praperadilan. Sehingga menunjukan inkonsistensi pada pandangan bahwa MK bukanlah criminal policy maker. MK sejatinya memang tidak memiliki konsistensi dalam menerapkan jucial activism atau judicial restraint dalam menguji suatu Undang-Undang. Dalam konteks hukum pidana yang berkaitan dengan HAM, seharusnya MK hanya bertindak sebagai negative legislature dan dibatasi pada proses dekriminalisasi. Sehingga MK hanya menerapkan judicial restraint ketika menguji Undang-Undang Pidana.
A New Audio Cue to Object Weight Resembles a Naturalistic Weight Cue During Movement Planning but not During Weight Illusions
Authors: Negen James , Slater Heather , Nardini Marko
Published: October 2024

When a person picks up an object, naturalistic cues inform fine motor planning that is reflected in early spikes in force rate changes. Naturalistic cues to weight can also create an illusion whereby a signal to being heavier leads to the object being perceived as lighter – for example, the size-weight illusion. The present study asked to what extent an arbitrary new auditory cue, one that signals object weight, participates in these effects. In Experiment 1, participants used the new signal to adjust both their peak grip force rates and peak load force rates, consistent with using it for efficient motor planning. This matched how they used a naturalistic visual size cue. In Experiment 2, a new audio cue to heavier weight led to a heavier reported weight – the opposite of a size-weight illusion, and opposite to how the same participants used a naturalistic visual size cue. Thus, while the newly learned audio-weight mapping had similar functional properties to its more familiar perceptual counterpart, it did not show the same signature of automatic/perceptual processing. These results have implications for understanding the flexible use of new cues and for targeting the underlying mechanisms in order to augment human abilities.
Politicians and Evidence
Authors: Pereira Miguel M. , Bækgaard Martin , Giger Nathalie , Sheffer Lior
Published: October 2024

How do politicians evaluate and respond to evidence? Organizations across the world invest significant resources to produce policy evidence. Yet, politicians’ ability to use this evidence to inform policy decisions remains underexplored. In three experiments involving 3,521 mayors and councilors from six Western democracies, we find that representatives treat convenience samples, imprecise estimates, and correlational evidence as less informative. However, baseline levels of statistical literacy are low, and effect sizes are small. Compared to a sample of public policy experts, local politicians’ ability to discount unreliable evidence is 4-5 times lower. Moreover, statistical literacy does not necessarily translate into persuasion. When presented with large effect sizes, officials disregard the soundness of the evidence. More professionalized politicians are not better able to evaluate evidence. The results show that the prospects of informing policy with evidence will remain constrained without well-equipped decision-makers.
Battle of Sects? Iran and Saudi Arabia’s Role Conflict in the MENA
Authors: RezaeeDaryakenari Babak , Özdamar Özgür , Akbaba Yasemin
Published: October 2024

This paper examines the impact of faith-based national role conceptualizations (NRCs) in the Iran-Saudi Arabia rivalry in recent history. We build on the previous scholarship that merges the influence of power politics and religion with a focus on how instrumental motivations shape religion-based policymaking. Employing automated content analysis, we quantify religious and secular foreign policy role conceptualizations ascribed to Iranian and Saudi foreign policy by their officials from 2015 to 2021. We analyze eight official Twitter/X accounts to illustrate role conceptualizations. Results reveal the coexistence and frequent, dynamic, and selective use of both types of NRCs by both states’ officials. Also, each state’s utilization of specific NRCs correlates with responses to the rival’s adoption of competing NRCs, offering insights into the nature of Iran-Saudi competition in the region. We conclude by discussing the role of religion in the foreign policies of Saudi Arabia and Iran, two MENA states with theocratic structures. Methodologically, this study contributes to the emerging field of political analysis of social media data in International Relations and represents a pioneering effort within religion literature in political science.
Cognitive Effort Increases Ad-Libitum Alcohol Consumption but not Subjective Value of Alcohol
Authors: Yates Jack , Roberts Carl , Rose Abi , Jones Andrew
Published: October 2024

Objective: To expand on the application of value-based decision-making models to alcohol-use, we investigated if manipulating the cognitive effort required to obtain alcohol could alter the subjective value of alcohol as well as ad-libitum alcohol consumption.Method: Thirty-five (29 female) drinkers (mean age = 18.28, SD = 1.54, mean AUDIT score = 13.40, SD = 5.65) completed two sessions, one involving a low effort and the other a high-effort mathematical task, in which they were told their performance would win them alcohol. They also completed the Brief Assessment of Alcohol Demand and a Concurrent Choice Task. Following each session participants were given ad-libitum access to alcohol. Results: The amount of alcohol consumed was greater in the high effort compared to low effort condition (Z=3.05, p =.002, r=0.72), but there were no significant effects found on the Concurrent Choice Task or the Brief Assessment of Alcohol Demand.Conclusion: As manipulating effort did alter consumption but not the value of alcohol, it is possible that the increased consumption is due to different underlying mechanism(s). It is also possible that effort is not a heavily weighted or important value input and future research should seek to identify the contributions of these inputs.
How autonomous is the transnational literary field? A network analysis of translation flows in Europe
Authors: Kuppler Matthias
Published: October 2024

This study analyzes the factors that structure the translation of literature between countries. Existing research is split over the question of whether translation is driven by literary, economic, political, or cultural factors. The relative autonomy of the transnational literary field is thus debated. Is the field structured by an autonomous literary logic or does it obey external forces? To advance the debate, this study leverages newly collected data on N = 147,443 translations of literary works to reconstruct the network of translation flows between 32 European countries for the time period 2018 to 2020. The relative impact of literary, economic, political, and cultural factors on translation flows is estimated with exponential random graph models (ERGMs). Results indicate that translation flows are mainly structured by countries’ differential access to literary prestige and economic capital. In addition, translations are promoted by countries’ cultural proximity but not by state support for culture. In sum, the transnational literary field is found to have relative rather than absolute autonomy in relation to external forces. The study dampens fears that commercialization, globalization, and politicization turn literary exchange into an extension of economic and political power relations. Field-specific literary capital is still a major structuring force.
Using Formal and Computational Modelling to Develop a Dynamic Model of Smoking Lapse and Relapse: A Participatory, Iterative, Multi-Method Approach
Authors: Perski Olga , Allen Jim , Kim Meelim , Pavel Misha , Hankonen Nelli , Hekler Eric
Published: October 2024

Background and aims: Among smokers attempting to stop, temporary slips or lapses are common and typically lead to a return to regular smoking (‘relapse’). Under certain conditions, however, the person bounces back despite a few lapses (‘prolapse’), or lapses are avoided altogether (‘abstinence’). These well-established empirical phenomena notwithstanding, popular addiction theories do not encode temporal information about how these phenomena are dynamically caused over time and within individuals. This hinders prediction, explanation and the development of potent adaptive interventions which can help prevent lapses before they occur. We therefore used formal and computational modelling to develop a dynamic model of smoking lapse and relapse.Design: Drawing on the Theory Construction Methodology, we used a participatory, iterative, multi-method approach, including: i) an informal theory review of popular lapse and relapse theories; ii) two linked stakeholder interviews with researchers, people with lived experience, stop smoking practitioners, and policymakers (N = 15); and iii) formal and computational modelling, including a series of in silico simulations. Findings: We propose a dynamic model of smoking lapse and relapse (‘COMPLAPSE’) in which biopsychosocial factors (e.g., self-concepts, higher-level goals, stressors, cigarette cues, the perceived permissibility of smoking, cravings, the motivation not to smoke) jointly contribute to the estimation of a momentary strategy preference, which, through a probabilistic function, leads to the selection of the behavioural option with the greatest value. Through leveraging formal and computational modelling, COMPLAPSE articulates the expected time scales and the relative weights of the variables which jointly influence the lapse and relapse process.Conclusions: We used a participatory, iterative, multi-method approach to develop a dynamic model of smoking lapse and relapse. We illustrate the model development process and discuss the next steps, including the evaluation of the dynamic model’s predictive success through fitting the model to high-resolution measurements in smokers’ daily lives.
Limited warming of Middle Miocene arid low-latitude climates: application of clumped isotopes in sabkha environments
Authors: Marchegiano Marta , Ziegler Martin , Bialik Or , De Vleeschouwer David
Published: October 2024

Reconstructing past climatic conditions in arid and hot environments is challenging due to a scarcity of climate archives. However, this task is crucial for assessing the sensitivity of these areas to climate change. The lack of reliable proxies currently prevents precise and absolute temperature and moisture reconstructions. Clumped isotopes on sabkha calcite might alleviate this situation. In this study, we apply the clumped isotope technique (∆47) to both modern and Middle Miocene fossil sabkha samples and we report temperatures between 26.2±5.4 to 33.6±6.3ºC. Our results suggest that sabkha calcite-aragonite minerals primarily reflect summer half-year temperatures, corresponding to the dry season when most calcite-aragonite precipitation occurs in these environments. Reconstructed  18Owater values range between 3.2±0.9 and 5.3±0.8‰, scaling with the intensity of evaporation in these intertidal, supratidal and lagoonal settings. Despite higher atmospheric CO2 levels during the Middle Miocene, reconstructed temperatures are similar to modern ones, suggesting a reduced climate sensitivity at low latitude. Overall, sabkha clumped isotopes offer a valuable tool for bridging the latitudinal gap in continental paleotemperature reconstructions near the horse latitudes.
Plural causes
Authors: Konuk Can , Quillien Tadeg , Mascarenhas Salvador
Published: October 2024

Causal selection is the process underlying our intuition that an outcome happened because of a given event, or that an event is the cause of an outcome. When a forest catches fire after a lightning strike, for example, people tend to say that the lightning bolt was the cause of the fire, not mentioning the presence of oxygen in the air, although they are well aware that the latter was no less indispensable for the fire to occur. We argue that the extant literature on causal selection has so far operated on the implicit premise that the only relevant variables for causal selection are individual variables, corresponding to distinct nodes in the relevant network of causes. Ours is the first systematic study of plural causes in the context of causal selection. First, we establish by means of two behavioral experiments the psychological reality and non- triviality of plural causes, ruling out potential deflationary explanations. Second, we show that state-of-the-art models of causal selection based on counterfactual dependence can be extended to make non-trivial predictions about plural causes consistent with our experimental findings. Third, we show that surprising logical properties of plurals in natural language interpretation can be found in causal reasoning with plural causes. We argue that the mental representations involved in causal-selection judgments show marks of the representations formal semanticists have proposed for plurals in natural language.
Individual differences in speed–accuracy trade-off drive human group dynamics
Authors: Kuroda Kiri , Tump Alan Novaes , Kurvers Ralf
Published: October 2024

Speed–accuracy trade-offs are a fundamental aspect of decision-making, requiring individuals to balance collecting more information against making faster decisions. Although speed–accuracy trade-offs have been studied extensively at the individual level, their role in human group decision-making remains poorly understood—even though faster, and possibly more error-prone, decisions often influence group outcomes more than slower decisions. We examined how individual differences in speed–accuracy trade-off preferences shape decision-making in pairs, using an interactive online experiment and drift–diffusion modeling. Participants first performed a visual perception task alone, allowing us to estimate their individual drift rates and decision thresholds, the key cognitive determinants of speed–accuracy trade-off preferences. Participants then performed the task in pairs, sharing decisions in real time. Group accuracy depended on the faster (and thus more error-prone) member, and not on the slower (but more accurate) member. Social decisions were not worse than individual ones because faster members increased their thresholds in the social condition and became more accurate, while slower members incorporated less social information. These findings show that individuals adjusted their social information use to the speed–accuracy trade-off preferences of their group members, highlighting the importance of such individual differences for understanding collective behavior.
Sensory Modality Norms for L1 and L2: Heritage Khakass as L1 Compared to Russian as L2 and L1
Authors: Tsaregorodtseva Oksana , Rezanova Zoya
Published: October 2024

Research on language and the senses requires access to vast collections of linguistic stimuli and corresponding sensory measurements. While progress has been made in expanding sensory norms across different languages, data on lesser-known languages is still lacking. This study aimed to address this gap by acquiring sensory modality norms for the Khakass language and exploring the role of norming studies in understanding perceptual information in bilingual individuals. Our objectives were to compare sensory modality norms in Khakass (L1) with dominant Russian (L2) and native Russian (L1) to uncover the impact of heritage and dominant languages on sensory representations. By analyzing ratings and the relationships between modalities, we aimed to gain insights into how individuals’ sensory experiences are shaped by their heritage and dominant languages.
Shadows on the Crossroads: Childhood Bereavement as Exposure to Co-Resident Parental Death in the United States Increases, 1999-2023
Authors: Chapman Alexander , Mulheron Joyal , Smith-Greenaway Emily , Verdery Ashton M.
Published: October 2024

Despite extensive focus on the rise in midlife mortality in the U.S. in recent years, the implications of this trend for children’s exposure to parental death—or bereavement—remain minimally explored. In this study, we introduce a new approach to estimate trends in children’s exposure to co-resident parental death in the U.S over the past 25 years (1999-2023). Our methodological approach relies on a fusion model and data simulation that joins recent population and mortality data to estimate children’s exposure to co-resident parental death. The results reveal a subtle rise in parental death each year since the early 2010s: in 2023 alone, more than 300,000 children experienced a co-resident parent’s death. The results further demonstrate that the long-running, steady increase in the annual number of parentally bereaved children accumulates to more than 2.4 million children under 18 in 2023 having ever experienced a parent’s death—representing approximately 3.2% of the child population. The results further demonstrate race and ethnic disparities, with non-Hispanic Indigenous children especially at risk of parental death. Together, the results attest to the need for a comprehensive policy response to support parentally bereaved children, and the need for further scholarly recognition of this uniquely consequential childhood adversity.
German Election Database
Authors: Heddesheimer Vincent , Hilbig Hanno , Sichart Florian , Wiedemann Andreas
Published: October 2024

Elections are the key mechanism through which voters hold elected officials accountable. The partisan composition of local, state, and national legislatures and governments, in turn, influences key policy choices and public goods provision. Yet studying issues of representation, government responsiveness, and partisan politics across different levels of government, in particular at the local level, has been difficult. We often lack comprehensive, comparable, and harmonized election results at small-scale units such as municipalities. This paper introduces a new panel dataset of local, state, and federal election results in Germany at the municipality level with coverage for the past decades. Our data includes turnout and partisan vote shares for all major parties. We harmonize the data to address municipal boundary changes and to account for mail-in districts, providing researchers with a consistent panel of municipalities in their 2021 boundaries as well as corresponding municipal and county boundary shapefiles. Our dataset will facilitate new research on representation and responsiveness across all levels of government and how political dynamics have changed over time.
Factores que influyen en la recepción de la opinión del auditor sobre empresas en marcha (estudio en Indonesia)
Authors: Primasari Dona , Waspodo Lego , Sonjayani Dira Oktaf
Published: October 2024

Este estudio tiene como objetivo examinar el efecto del incumplimiento de deudas, el tamaño de la empresa y la calidad de la auditoría en la aceptación de opiniones de auditoría sobre empresas en funcionamiento. El tipo de investigación en este estudio es la investigación cuantitativa. La población en este estudio son todas las empresas de propiedad, bienes raíces y construcción de edificios que cotizan en la Bolsa de Valores de Indonesia. El método de muestreo utilizado en este estudio fue el muestreo intencional, por lo que se obtuvieron 16 muestras de empresas durante cuatro años (2016-2019). Los datos se analizaron utilizando estadísticas descriptivas y regresión logística. Los resultados de este estudio indican que: (1) el incumplimiento de deudas no tiene un efecto en la aceptación de opiniones de auditoría sobre empresas en funcionamiento; (2) el tamaño de la empresa tiene un efecto en la aceptación de opiniones de auditoría sobre empresas en funcionamiento; (3) la calidad de la auditoría no tiene un efecto en la aceptación de opiniones de auditoría sobre empresas en funcionamiento.