bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphological Variability and Storage Root Productivity of Some Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas (L.) Lam) Genotypes in An Ultisol
Authors: Harry Gamaliel I. , Ulasi Joseph I.
Published: January 2022

Ten sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) genotypes sourced from National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike were evaluated under rainfed condition in 2020 and 2021 cropping seasons at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State to ascertain variability among ten sweet potato genotypes and identify traits which are positively and significantly associated with yield and also identify genotypes with high yield potential for cultivation on an ultisol of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The ten genotypes: TIS87/0087, Naspoy-12, Umuspo-4, Umuspo-1, Naspoy-11, Lourdes, Erica, Delvia, Ex-Igbariam and Umuspo-3 were used as treatments and the experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance, correlation and principal component analysis. The genotype differs significantly (P≤ 0.05) for number of marketable roots, weight of marketable roots and fresh roots yield. UMUSPO-3 was superior over all the other genotypes for the following character; number of marketable roots, weight of marketable root yield and fresh root yield. Umuspo-3 produced the highest storage root yield (28.78t/ha, 27.09t/ha) in 2020 and 2021 cropping seasons, respectively. The result of the correlation analysis also revealed that vine length, number of marketable roots, weight of marketable were highly significantly and positively (P<0.01) correlated with fresh root yield. Principal component analysis (PCA) had four main principal components explaining 81.55% of the total variation with number of marketable roots, weight of marketable tuber and storage root yield contributing the most to the first PCA. Umuspo-3 outperformed the other nine sweet potato genotypes in yield and yield related characters. Therefore, Umuspo-3 been a high yielding genotype adaptable to Uyo agro-ecology, could be recommended to sweet potato growers for fresh storage root production.
Plastic Packaging: A Study on Plastic Imports in Uganda
Authors: Wandeka Cynthia Mutonyi , Kiggundu Nicholas , Mutumba Raymonds
Published: January 2022

Plastic packaging is crucial in preserving the quality of products. It has become ubiquitous, and an inseparable part of daily life and the food industry due to its aesthetic attributes, strength, affordability and convenience of use. This has thus led to the increase in demand and imports of plastics in the country. However, plastic packaging alone accounts for 47% of global plastic waste amidst documented threats of plastic waste to the environment-water-food-health nexus. Several reports indicate that between 1994 and 2017, Uganda imported a total of 1.9 million tons of plastic in both raw and finished form compared to 117 million tons across Africa. Imports and use of plastics in Uganda have increased by six-fold within the last three years hence extrapolating the growing challenge for sustainable plastic imports, product packaging, and waste management. The objective of the review therefore was to explore the future trend and impact of plastic imports and packaging in Uganda by analyzing plastic imports and the associated waste. The study further reviews the challenges arising from the growing demand for plastic packaging and presents a discussion on the solutions and potential ways forward for win-win benefits. Several strides to curb the menace of plastic waste are presented, which are manly from the private sector and plastic recycling businesses. A conclusion is made that if these efforts are to meet the intended leaps of change, the government of Uganda has to support the private organisations through grants, space allocation for collection centers and media access across the country. Furthermore, stricter regulations on excess plastic importation have to be implemented by the government as the country develops locally grown solutions to plastic packaging and use.
Korelasi Intensitas Bimbingan Pembimbing Akademik Dengan Indeks Prestasi Mahasiswa di STAI Darul Kamal NW Kembang Kerang
Authors: Musabbihin Musabbihin , Yamin Muhammad , Sadaruddin Muhammad , Sauri Saupian
Published: January 2022

Manusia dalam hal ini adalah mahasiswa/mahasiswi STAI Darul Kamal NW Kembang Kerang Daya. Membutuhkan bantuan berupa pelaksanaan kegiatan bimbingan yang dilakukan secara berkesinambungan agar dapat memahami dirinya sendiri sehingga dapat bertindak sesuai dengan tuntunan dan keadaan lingkungan dalam keluarga, pendidikan, dan masyarakat. Dalam dunia kampus mahasiswa dituntut untuk berkopotensi dalam memperoleh prestasi akademik, dimana tolak ukurnya adalah indeks prestasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat hubungan antara intensitas bimbingan dengan prestasi akademik mahasiswa. penelitian dilakukan dengan memberikan angket kepada mahasiswa STAI darul kamal yang dijadikan sampel. sampel dipilih dengan teknik random sampling dan diapatkan 30 mahasiswa sebagai sempel penelitian. analisis data hasil penelitian dilakukan dengan uji korelasi. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara intensitas bimbingan akademik pada mahasiswa dengan nilai IPK.
Extreme Haredi Leaders and their Isolation from the Zionist Enterprise: Between Ideology and the Challenges of Reality
Authors: Caplan Kimmy
Published: January 2022

High on the ideological and theological agenda of extreme Haredi groups is the delegitimization of the Zionist enterprise, its institutions, and the State of Israel, and the subsequent expectation of their rank-and-file to thoroughly isolate themselves from them. Based on existing scholarship and previously undiscovered primary sources, this article traces the conduct of extremist Haredi leaders vis-à-vis Zionist institutions during the British mandate in Palestine and after the establishment of the State. As we shall see, some extreme Haredi leaders elected to implicitly recognize the Zionist enterprise and its institutions. The specific circumstances surrounding the different cases enable us to understand the general phenomenon and to advance some preliminary observations.
SMART GRIDS COMO ALTERNATIVA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO URBANO INTELIGENTE E SUSTENTÁVEL EM PARINTINS/AM
Authors: Yoshii Silva Jerrylee Dilson , Reis da Silva Thalita , de Freitas Moura Erick
Published: January 2022

Devido à rápida e não planejada urbanização surgem problemas de aclimatação urbana, para os quais alternativas de soluções foram desenvolvidas a partir do conceito de Smart City. Nesta pesquisa, o foco é nos problemas da gestão da produção e da distribuição de energia elétrica em Parintins/AM. Para a problemática energética são utilizados os conceitos de rede elétrica inteligente, Smart Grid, que por meio da tecnologia otimiza os sistemas de produção e distribuição de energia, tornando-os mais eficientes, eficazes e sustentáveis. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar, com base nas teorias desenvolvidas acerca das Smart Cities e das Smart Grids, quais são os aspectos que devem ser levados em consideração para a gestão inteligente e sustentável da produção e distribuição de energia elétrica em Parintins/AM. O paradigma de pesquisa é o funcionalista, por meio de pesquisa qualitativa, com delineamento descritivo e analítico. Os dados foram levantados por meio de revisão bibliográfica, análise documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas, triangulados e analisados mediante técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados obtidos foram: 1) desenvolvimento científico na área das Smart Cities e Smart Grids, em construção, por meio de estudo empírico no interior do Amazonas; 2) identificação dos fatores impulsionadores e limitantes à implantação de Smart Grids em Parintins/AM.
ESTUDIO COMPARATIVO DE BIOFERMENTOS NO
ENRIQUECIDOS Y ENRIQUECIDOS, OBTENIDOS EN
DIGESTORES TIPO BATCH Y SEMI-CONTINUOS
Authors: Mesina C. Mojica , Pintor D. C. Acosta , Becerra E. Vidal , Medina A. L. Hernández
Published: January 2022

El propósito del presente trabajo es realizar un estudio comparativo de los bioles enriquecidos y no enriquecidos para apoyar al sector agropecuario al estudiar el aprovechamiento del estiércol generado en sus ranchos y sus sub-productos (biogás, biol y biosol), así como proponer alternativas para un mejor manejo sanitario, dada la alta carga patógena que tiene el estiércol y que de usarse de manera directa pone en riesgo la inocuidad de las cosechas y la salud de los trabajadores. Para ello, se evaluó la calidad de cuatro (4) biofermentos producidos a través de procesos microbiológicos. El primero de ellos fue a nivel campo con un productor ganadero, en biodigestor tipo bolsa, sin enriquecer; El segundo fue a nivel laboratorio en biodigestión tipo batch con matraces kitazatos enriquecido; El tercer bioproceso se realizó a nivel laboratorio con cubetas de 20 litros, con la receta de Restrepo-Hensel para biofermentos enriquecidos; El cuarto biofermento se realizó a nivel laboratorio en un biodigestor semi-continúo del tipo Taiwán, con receta modificada de Restrepo-Hensel.
ADICIÓN DE LA PULPA DE CAFÉ EN LA DIETA DE OVINOS Y SU
EFECTO EN LAS CARACTERÍSTICAS SEMINALES
Authors: Aquino R. Nieto , Campos P. Saldaña , Rodríguez B. Hernández , San Juan R. Jiménez
Published: January 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la pulpa de café (PDC) en las características macro y microscópicas de semen ovino fresco y congelado colectado mediante vagina artificial. Diez carneros, fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en dos tratamientos. El primero grupo SPC, (n=5), con una dieta de mantenimiento, y el segundo grupo APC (n=5) con un 5% de pulpa de café en la dieta. La recolección de semen se realizó utilizando una vagina artificial (VA), dos veces por semana en un horario de 7:00 am – 8:00 am seguido del proceso de congelación. En los resultados no se encontraron diferencias significativas (P < 0.05) en todas las variables espermáticas evaluadas en semen fresco y congelado, volumen eyaculado, motilidad masal, motilidad individual, concentración espermática y prueba hipoosmótica. Se concluye que la inclusión de la pulpa de café al 5% en una dieta de mantenimiento para carneros no tiene efecto en las variables evaluadas en semen fresco y congelado.
Assimilating spaceborne lidar dust extinction can improve dust forecasts
Authors: Escribano Jerónimo , Di Tomaso Enza , Jorba Oriol , Klose Martina , Gonçalves Ageitos Maria , Macchia Francesca , Amiridis Vassilis , Baars Holger , Marinou Eleni , Proestakis Emmanouil , Urbanneck Claudia , Althausen Dietrich , Bühl Johannes , Mamouri Rodanthi-Elisavet , Pérez García-Pando Carlos
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Atmospheric mineral dust has a rich tri-dimensional spatial and temporal structure that is poorly constrained in forecasts and analyses when only column-integrated aerosol optical depth (AOD) is assimilated. At present, this is the case of most operational global aerosol assimilation products. Aerosol vertical distributions obtained from spaceborne lidars can be assimilated in aerosol models, but questions about the extent of their benefit upon analyses and forecasts along with their consistency with AOD assimilation remain unresolved. Our study thoroughly explores the added value of assimilating spaceborne vertical dust profiles, with and without the joint assimilation of dust optical depth (DOD). We also discuss the consistency in the assimilation of both sources of information and analyse the role of the smaller footprint of the spaceborne lidar profiles in the results. To that end, we have performed data assimilation experiments using dedicated dust observations for a period of 2 months over northern Africa, the Middle East, and Europe. We assimilate DOD derived from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on board Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (SUOMI-NPP) Deep Blue and for the first time Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarisation (CALIOP)-based LIdar climatology of Vertical Aerosol Structure for space-based lidar simulation studies (LIVAS) pure-dust extinction coefficient profiles on an aerosol model. The evaluation is performed against independent ground-based DOD derived from AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) Sun photometers and ground-based lidar dust extinction profiles from the Cyprus Clouds Aerosol and Rain Experiment (CyCARE) and PREparatory: does dust TriboElectrification affect our ClimaTe (Pre-TECT) field campaigns. Jointly assimilating LIVAS and Deep Blue data reduces the root mean square error (RMSE) in the DOD by 39 % and in the dust extinction coefficient by 65 % compared to a control simulation that excludes assimilation. We show that the assimilation of dust extinction coefficient profiles provides a strong added value to the analyses and forecasts. When only Deep Blue data are assimilated, the RMSE in the DOD is reduced further, by 42 %. However, when only LIVAS data are assimilated, the RMSE in the dust extinction coefficient decreases by 72 %, the largest improvement across experiments. We also show that the assimilation of dust extinction profiles yields better skill scores than the assimilation of DOD under an equivalent sensor footprint. Our results demonstrate the strong potential of future lidar space missions to improve desert dust forecasts, particularly if they foresee a depolarization lidar channel to allow discrimination of desert dust from other aerosol types.
Measurement report: Long-term changes in black carbon and aerosol optical properties from 2012 to 2020 in Beijing, China
Authors: Sun Jiaxing , Wang Zhe , Zhou Wei , Xie Conghui , Wu Cheng , Chen Chun , Han Tingting , Wang Qingqing , Li Zhijie , Li Jie , Fu Pingqing , Wang Zifa , Sun Yele
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosols play an important role in the radiation balance
of the earth–atmosphere system. However, our knowledge of the long-term
changes in equivalent black carbon (eBC) and aerosol optical properties in
China is very limited. Here we analyze the 9-year measurements of eBC
and aerosol optical properties from 2012 to 2020 in Beijing, China. Our
results showed large reductions in eBC by 71 % from 6.25 ± 5.73 µg m−3 in 2012 to 1.80 ± 1.54 µg m−3 in 2020
and 47 % decreases in the light extinction coefficient (bext, λ = 630 nm) of fine particles due to the Clean Air Action Plan that was implemented in 2013. The
seasonal and diurnal variations of eBC illustrated the most significant
reductions in the fall and at nighttime, respectively. ΔeBC / ΔCO also showed an annual decrease from ∼ 7 to 4 ng m−3 ppbv−1 and presented strong seasonal variations with high values in
spring and fall, indicating that primary emissions in Beijing have changed
significantly. As a response to the Clean Air Action Plan, single-scattering albedo
(SSA) showed a considerable increase from 0.79 ± 0.11 to 0.88 ± 0.06, and mass extinction efficiency (MEE) increased from 3.2 to 3.8 m2 g−1. These results highlight the increasing importance of scattering aerosols in radiative forcing and a future challenge in visibility improvement due to enhanced MEE. Brown carbon (BrC) showed similar changes and seasonal variations to eBC during 2018–2020. However, we found a large increase of secondary BrC in the total BrC in most seasons, particularly in summer with the contribution up to 50 %, demonstrating an
enhanced role of secondary formation in BrC in recent years. The long-term
changes in eBC and BrC have also affected the radiative forcing effect. The
direct radiative forcing (ΔFR) of BC decreased by 67 % from +3.36 W m−2 in 2012 to +1.09 W m−2 in 2020, and that of BrC decreased from +0.30 to +0.17 W m−2 during 2018–2020. Such changes might have important implications for affecting aerosol–boundary layer interactions and the improvement of future air quality.
OMI Collection 4: establishing a 17-year long series of detrended L1b data
Authors: Kleipool Quintus , Rozemeijer Nico , van Hoek Mirna , Leloux Jonatan , Loots Erwin , Ludewig Antje , van der Plas Emiel , Adrichem Daley , Harel Raoul , Spronk Simon , ter Linden Mark , Jaross Glen , Haffner David , Veefkind Pepijn , Levelt Pieternel
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) was launched on July 15, 2004, with an expected mission lifetime of 5 years. After more than 17 years in orbit the instrument is still functioning satisfactorily, and in principle can continue doing so for many years more. In order to continue the datasets acquired by OMI and the Microwave Limb Sounder the mission was extended up to at least 2023. Actions have been taken to ensure the proper functioning of the OMI instrument operations, the data processing, and the calibration monitoring system until the eventual end of the mission. For the data processing a new level 0 to level 1b data processor was built based on the recent developments for Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI). With corrections for the degradation of the instrument now included, it is feasible to generate a new data collection to supersede the current collection 3 data products. This paper describes the differences between the collection 3 and collection 4 data. It will be shown that the collection 4 L1b data is a clear improvement with respect to the previous collections. By correcting for the gentle optical and electronic aging that has occurred over the past 17 years, OMI's ability to make trend-quality ozone measurements has further improved.
Climate pathways behind phytoplankton-induced atmospheric warming
Authors: Asselot Rémy , Lunkeit Frank , Holden Philip B. , Hense Inga
Published: January 2022

Abstract. We investigate the ways in which marine biologically mediated heating increases the surface atmospheric temperature. While the effects of phytoplankton light absorption on the ocean have gained attention over the past years, the impact of this biogeophysical mechanism on the atmosphere is still unclear. Phytoplankton light absorption warms the surface of the ocean, which in turn affects the air–sea heat and CO2 exchanges. However, the contribution of air–sea heat versus CO2 fluxes in the phytoplankton-induced atmospheric warming has not been yet determined. Different so-called climate pathways are involved. We distinguish heat exchange, CO2 exchange, dissolved CO2, solubility of CO2 and sea-ice-covered area. To shed more light on this subject, we employ the EcoGEnIE Earth system model that includes a new light penetration scheme and isolate the effects of individual fluxes. Our results indicate that phytoplankton-induced changes in air–sea CO2 exchange warm the atmosphere by 0.71 ∘C due to higher greenhouse gas concentrations. The phytoplankton-induced changes in air–sea heat exchange cool the atmosphere by 0.02 ∘C due to a larger amount of outgoing longwave radiation. Overall, the enhanced air–sea CO2 exchange due to phytoplankton light absorption is the main driver in the biologically induced atmospheric heating.
First SMOS Sea Surface Salinity dedicated products over the Baltic Sea
Authors: González-Gambau Verónica , Olmedo Estrella , Turiel Antonio , González-Haro Cristina , García-Espriu Aina , Martínez Justino , Alenius Pekka , Tuomi Laura , Catany Rafael , Arias Manuel , Gabarró Carolina , Hoareau Nina , Umbert Marta , Sabia Roberto , Fernández Diego
Published: January 2022

Abstract. This paper presents the first Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) dedicated products over the Baltic Sea. The SSS retrieval from L-band brightess temperature (TB) measurements over this basin is really challenging due to important technical issues, such as the land-sea and ice-sea contamination, the high contamination by Radio-Frequency Interferences (RFI) sources, the low sensitivity of L-band TB at SSS changes in cold waters and the poor characterization of dielectric constant models for the low SSS and SST ranges in the basin. For these reasons, exploratory research in the algorithms used from the level 0 up to level 4 has been required to develop these dedicated products. This work has been performed in the framework of the European Space Agency regional initiative Baltic+ Salinity Dynamics. Two Baltic+ SSS products have been generated for the period 2011–2019 and are freely distributed: the Level 3 (L3) product (daily generated 9-day maps in a 0.25° grid, https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/13859) (González-Gambau et al., 2021a) and the Level 4 (L4) product (daily maps in a 0.05° grid, https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/13860) (González-Gambau et al., 2021b)), that are computed by applying multifractal fusion to L3 SSS with Sea Surface Temperature (SST) maps. The accuracy of L3 SSS products is typically around 0.7–0.8 psu. The L4 product has an improved spatio-temporal resolution with respect to the L3 and the accuracy is typically around 0.4 psu. Regions with the highest errors and limited coverage are located in Arkona and Bornholm basins and Gulfs of Finland and Riga. The impact assessment of Baltic+ SSS products has shown that they can help in the understanding of salinity dynamics in the basin. They complement the temporally and spatially very sparse in situ measurements, covering data gaps in the region and they can also be useful for the validation of numerical models, particularly in areas where in situ data are very sparse.
Integrated Seismic Risk Assessment in Nepal
Authors: Bhochhibhoya Sanish , Maharjan Roisha
Published: January 2022

Abstract. As Nepal is at high risk of earthquakes, the district-wide (VDC/Municipality level) study has been performed for vulnerability assessment of seismic-hazard, and the hazard-risk study is incorporated with social conditions as it has become a crucial issue in recent years. There is an interrelationship between hazards, physical risk, and the social characteristics of populations which are significant for policy-makers and individuals. Mapping the spatial variability of average annual loss (seismic risk) and social vulnerability discretely does not reflect the true nature of parameters contributing to the earthquake risk, so when the integrated risk is mapped, such combined spatial distribution becomes more evident. The purpose of this paper is to compute the risk analysis from the exposure model of the country using OpenQuake and then integrate the results with socio-economic parameters. The methodology of seismic-risk assessment and the way of combining the results of the physical risk and socio-economic data to develop an integrated vulnerability score of the regions has been described. This study considers all 75 districts and corresponding VDC/Municipalities using the available census. The combined vulnerability score has been developed and presented by integrating earthquake risk and social vulnerability aspects of the country and represented in form of the map produced using ArcGIS 10. The knowledge and information of the relationship between earthquake hazards and the demographic characteristics of the population in the vulnerable area are imperative to mitigate the local impact of earthquakes. Therefore, we utilize social vulnerability study as part of a comprehensive risk management framework to recuperate and recover from natural disasters.
On the contribution of grain boundary sliding type creep to firn densification – an assessment using an optimization approach
Authors: Schultz Timm , Müller Ralf , Gross Dietmar , Humbert Angelika
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Simulation approaches to firn densification often rely on the assumption that grain boundary sliding is the leading process driving the first stage of densification. Alley (1987) first developed a process-based material model of firn that describes this process. However, often so-called semi-empirical models are favored over the physical description of grain boundary sliding owing to their simplicity and the uncertainties regarding model parameters. In this study, we assessed the applicability of the grain boundary sliding model of Alley (1987) to firn using a numeric firn densification model and an optimization approach, for which we formulated variants of the constitutive relation of Alley (1987). An efficient model implementation based on an updated Lagrangian numerical scheme enabled us to perform a large number of simulations to test different model parameters and identify the simulation results that best reproduced 159 firn density profiles from Greenland and Antarctica. For most of the investigated locations, the simulated and measured firn density profiles were in good agreement. This result implies that the constitutive relation of Alley (1987) characterizes the first stage of firn densification well when suitable model parameters are used. An analysis of the parameters that result in the best agreement revealed a dependence on the mean surface mass balance. This finding may indicate that the load is insufficiently described, as the lateral components of the stress tensor are usually neglected in one-dimensional models of the firn column.
Sea-ice thickness on the northern Canadian polar shelf: A second look after 40 years
Authors: Melling Humfrey
Published: January 2022

Abstract. This paper presents a systematic record of multi-year sea-ice thickness on the northern Canadian polar shelf, acquired during the winter of 2009–10. The data were acquired by submerged sonar positioned within Penny Strait where they measured floes drifting south from the notional “last ice area”. Ice was moving over the site until 10 December and fast thereafter. Old ice comprised about half of the 1669-km long survey. The average old-ice thickness within 25-km segments of the survey track was 3–4 m; maximum keels were 12–16 m deep. Floes with high average draft were of two types, one with interspersed low draft intervals and one without. The presence or absence of thin patches apparently distinguished aggregate floes comprised of sub-units of various ages and deformation states from units of more homogeneous age and deformation state. The former were larger and of somewhat lower mean thickness (1–5 km; 3.5–4.5 m) than the latter (400–600 m; 6.5–14 m). Calculated ice accretion onto the multi-year ice measured in autumn 2009 was used to seasonally adjust the observations to a date in late winter, when prior data are available. The adjusted mean thickness for all 25-km segments with 4 tenths or more old ice was 3.6 m (sample deviation of 0.4 m), a value indistinguishable within sampling error from values measured in the same area during the 1970s. The recently measured ice-draft distributions were also very similar to those from the 1970s.
Laparoscopic management of a full-thickness uterine niche with subsequent pregnancy outcome
Authors: Kasapoglu D.Z. , Tang L.Y.O. , Kadir R.A. , Shakir F
Published: January 2022

Background: Uterine niche is the consequence of impaired healing of the myometrium following a lower segment transverse caesarean section (CS). Although there is conflicting evidence on the management of these cases, laparoscopic repair is a commonly used surgical treatment modality.

Objectives: To demonstrate the management and laparoscopic repair of the niche with subsequent pregnancy outcome.

Materials and Methods: We report a case of a 33-year-old patient who had a significant haematoma in the niche. The haematoma resolved after conservative management however, she remained symptomatic. Therefore, she had a laparoscopic repair. The narrated surgical video article demonstrates the dissection of the uterovesical fold overlying the niche, followed by the excision of the scar tissue and its repair with laparoscopic suturing. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging images of the uterus demonstrating the haematoma at the caesarean section site, the niche after resolution of the haematoma and post-repair imaging are also provided.

Main outcome measures: Repair of the niche, symptomatic relief of abnormal uterine bleeding, spontaneous conception and live birth. Ultrasonographic images also demonstrate uterine wall continuity post laparoscopic repair.

Results: The patient recovered uneventfully. Full-thickness of myometrium was demonstrated with post-operative imaging and confirmed at the subsequent caesarean section. Gynaecological symptoms resolved following the repair. The patient conceived spontaneously after surgery and delivered at term by caesarean section without any complications.

Conclusion: Laparoscopic management of the niche should be considered where there is a complete myometrial defect or significant thinning of the myometrium, especially in symptomatic women who desire future pregnancy.
What to choose and why to use – a critical review on the clinical relevance of rASRM, EFI and Enzian classifications of endometriosis
Authors: Hudelist G , Valentin L , Saridogan E , Condous G , Malzoni M , Roman H , Jurkovic D , Keckstein J
Published: January 2022

Background: Endometriosis is a common benign gynaecological disease that affects pelvic structures and causes adhesions. Endometriosis outside the pelvis exists but is rarer. Deep endometriosis may affect organs such as the urinary bladder, ureters, bowel and sacral roots. Adenomyosis (growth of endometrium in the myometrium, sometimes explained by disruption of the uterine junctional zone) frequently co-exists with deep endometriosis. Over the past decades, multiple attempts have been made to describe the anatomical extent of endometriosis. Out of approximately 20 classification systems suggested and published so far, three have gained widespread acceptance. These are the rASRM (American Society of Reproductive Medicine) classification, the Endometriosis Fertility Index (EFI) and the Enzian classification. Ideally, a classification system should be useful both for describing disease extent based on surgical findings and results of imaging methods (ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging).

Objectives: To highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the three classification systems.

Methods: This is a narrative review based on selected publications and experience of the authors. We discuss the current literature on the use of the rASRM, EFI and Enzian classification systems for describing disease extent with imaging methods and for prediction of fertility, surgical complexity, and risk of surgical complications. We underline the need for one universally acceptable terminology to describe the extent of endometriosis.

Conclusions: A useful classification system for endometriosis should describe the sites and extent of the disease, be related to surgical complexity and to disease-associated symptoms, including subfertility and should satisfy needs of both, imaging specialists for pre-operative classification and surgeons. The need for such a system is obvious and is provided by the #Enzian classification. Future research is necessary to test its validity.
Improving IUI success by performing modified slow-release insemination and a patient-centred approach in an insemination programme with partner semen: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Ombelet W , Van der Auwera I , Bijnens H , Onofre J , Kremer C , Bruckers L , Mestdagh G , Campo R , Dhont N
Published: January 2022

Background: Pregnancy rates after in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment continue to improve, while intrauterine insemination (IUI) programmes show no such trend. There is a need to improve success rates with IUI to retain it as a viable option for couples who prefer avoiding IVF as a first line treatment.

Objective: To investigate if a modified slow-release insemination (SRI) increases the clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) after intrauterine insemination (IUI) with partner semen.

Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cohort study in a Belgian tertiary fertility centre. Between July 2011 and December 2018, we studied data from an ongoing prospective cohort study including 989 women undergoing 2565 IUI procedures for unexplained or mild/moderate male infertility. These data were analysed in order to study the importance of different covariates influencing IUI success. Generalised estimating equations (GEEs) were used for statistical analysis. Results of two periods (2011-2015, period 1 and 2016-2018, period 2) were examined and compared. From January 2016 (period 2) onwards, a standardised SRI procedure instead of bolus injection of sperm was applied. The primary outcome parameter was the difference in clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) per cycle between period 1 (bolus IUI) and period 2 (modified SRI). Secondary outcome results included all other parameters significantly influencing CPR after IUI.

Results: Following the application of modified SRI the CPR increased significantly, from 9.03% (period 1) to 13.52% (period 2) (p = 0.0016). Other covariates significantly influencing CPR were partner’s age, smoking/non-smoking partner, BMI patient, ovarian stimulation protocol and Inseminating Motile Count (after semen processing).

Conclusions: The intentional application of modified slow-release of processed semen appears to significantly increase CPRs after IUI with homologous semen. Future studies should investigate whether SRI, patient-centred measures, or a combination of both, are responsible for this improvement.
Critical Animals
Authors: Glastonbury Keri
Published: January 2022

This article is an experiment in mixing personal and professional trajectories and tells a few dislocated stories about my experience of moving from Sydney to Newcastle to teach creative writing. Sometimes I’m writing as a first home buyer, at other points as an early career academic, still thinking through areas that might lead to future research (ideally with a local focus). In particular, my involvement with Newcastle’s This Is Not Art (TINA) festival has inspired me to explore ways to better integrate the extra-literary into tertiary creative writing pedagogy. These are preliminary thoughts, however, as I begin to sift through my recent transitions, confronting in the process many complex ambivalences and possible new alliances.
Interrogating creative writing outcomes: Wet Ink as a new model
Authors: Edmonds Phillip
Published: January 2022

Creative writing teachers and researchers are not typical academics in that many of us publish for wider readerships than peer-reviewed journals…
Pirin metamorphic and igneous evolution revisited in a geochronological frame based on U-Pb zircon studies
Authors: Zagorchev Ivan , Balica Constantin , Kozhoukharova Evgeniya , Balintoni Ioan
Published: January 2022

New isotopic data obtained from zircons by the U-Pb method during the last decade show the necessity of a revision of the tectonometamorphic and igneous evolution of the Pirin–Pangaion Unit of the Alpine Morava–Rhodope tectonic zone. The northern (Pirin) subunit of this unit consists of four areas built up of metamorphic rocks (amphibolite facies) of the Rhodopian supercomplex. These areas are separated by Late Alpine granite plutons of batholithic dimensions. The northernmost (Krupnik) area is built up of rocks of the Rupchos Group (complex) of varied composition and intense multiphase deformation and metamorphism. The oldest metamorphic phase is dated as Cadomian (528–517 Ma), and its products also suffered Hercynian superimposed amphibolite-facies metamorphism and anatexis. A septum of granitised metamorphics preserved between the Krupnik granite pluton (Triassic, ca 240 Ma) and the early Oligocene North Pirin (Kresna) pluton is characterised by Hercynian (330–300 Ma) anatexis. The principal metamorphism within the southern area around the early Oligocene South Pirin (Teshovo) granite pluton is dated both in the Bachkovo quartzo-feldspathic gneisses (named also Kriva-reka metagranites or orthogneisses) and in the Lukovitsa schists and paragneisses as Hercynian (ca 300–290 Ma). Therefore, the polymetamorphic evolution of the Pirin Subunit consists of a Cadomian phase and a strong Hercynian overprint followed by Triassic granitoids. We confirm the Thanetian–early Eocene age (58–55 Ma) of the Spanchevo granite, partially formed by in situ anatexis. Its intrusion was followed by a compression phase during the mid-Eocene thrusting of the Ograzhden Unit over the Pirin–Pangaion Unit, along the Strimon Thrust. The last magmatic phase (ca 34–31 Ma) was represented by a granitoid association formed during the latest Eocene–early Oligocene in extensional conditions and as a result of mixing of anatectic crust-derived magma with magma of mantle origin. It was part of a volcano-plutonic association related to the Macedonian–Rhodope magmatotectonic province. A high-temperature metamorphic overprint of the same age is recorded in the metamorphics as formation of andalusite in the metapelites, and skarns at the contacts of some of the granitoid bodies.
Pengaruh Consumption Value dalam meningkatkan purchase intention layanan online food delivery pada Clay Craft Restaurant di Renaissance Bali Uluwatu Resort & Spa
Authors: Wirawan I Putu Satria , Sabudi I Nyoman Sukana , Sadjuni Ni Luh Gde Sri
Published: January 2022

Purchase Intention mengacu pada kemungkinan konsumen untuk membeli produk. Salah satu aspek yang mempengaruhi purchase intention adalah sejauh mana consumption value mendorongnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh consumption value (functional value, social value, conditional value dan epistemic value) dalam meningkatkan purchase intention layanan online food delivery saat pandemi COVID-19 pada Clay Craft Restaurant di Renaissance Bali Uluwatu Resort & Spa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner, wawancara, studi dokumentasi dan observasi. Responden dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 100 responden dengan menggunakan purposive sampling. Teknik analisa data dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi linear berganda, Uji t, Uji F, uji koefisien determinasi dan sumbangan efektif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa consumption value (functional value, social value, conditional value dan epistemic value) secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Purchase Intention. Berdasarkan hasil uji koefisien determinasi menunjukan bahwa Variabel pembentuk Consumption Value (Functional Value, Social Value, Conditional Value dan Epistemic Value) memiliki kontribusi sebesar 61,9% dalam mempengaruhi Purchase Intention, sedangkan sisanya 38,1% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lainnya yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini.Kata Kunci: consumption value, purchase intention, online food delivery
ЕЛЕКТРОННЕ УРЯДУВАННЯ РОЗВИТКОМ СУЧАСНИХ МІСТ
Authors: Ю.Г. Батир , А.Л. Помаза-Пономаренко , І.М. Лопатченко
Published: January 2022

Досліджуються перспективи впровадження «розумних» (SMАRT) підходів до розвитку великих міст. Розкривається зміст та переваги підходу, що сприяє розвитку розумних міст як муніципальних утворень з розширеними можливостями прогресивного розвитку. Акцентується увага на політичних, географічних, економічних, соціальних та історичних передумовах перетворення муніципалітетів на розумні міста. Окреслюються напрями розвитку сучасних міст, що прагнуть застосування електронного урядування внутрішніх сервісів.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ МЕХАНІЗМУ ПУБЛІЧНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНИМ РОЗВИТКОМ ТЕРИТОРІЇ
Authors: Ю.О. Костюніна
Published: January 2022

У статті визначено перспективи розвитку механізму публічного управління соціально-економічним розвитком території, які призначені для реалізації стратегії сталого розвитку в умовах глобалізаційних трансформацій та переходу до економіки інновацій та включають: програмно-цільовий механізм; механізм соціального партнерства; кластерний механізм як засіб підвищення інноваційної активності на території; механізм аналізу й оцінки сталого соціально-економічного розвитку території.
Proper motion of the spectrally selected structures in Herbig-Haro flows
Authors:   NAS RA V. Ambartsumian Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory (BAO), Armenia, Movsessian T. A. , Magakyan T. Yu. ,   NAS RA V. Ambartsumian Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory (BAO), Armenia
Published: January 2022

We present some results of the investigations of proper motions of spectrally separated structures in the Herbig-Haro (HH) outflows with the aid of Fabry-Perot scanning interferometry. This project was started more than twenty years ago on the 2.6m telescope of Byurakan Observatory and afterwards was continued on 6m telescope (Russia). We describe the progress of research in the frames of this project and focus in more detail on the results of the latest observations of HH 83 outflow system. The method of Fabry-Perot scanning interferometry allowed to reveal the morphology of high and low velocity structures not only inside the terminal working surfaces of the jets but also in their internal knots. As the great advance we consider the development of a methodology for measuring proper motions of already separated kinematical structures using observations in two epochs, which made it possible to reveal the physical nature of these structures. Concerning the HH 83 collimated outflow it should be noted that our first observations of HH 83 revealed two structures in its working surface with strongly different radial velocities, and the second epoch data allowed to measure their proper motions. The proper motions of these structures are nearly equal, which points that they are physically connected and represents forward and reverse shock regions in the terminal working surface of HH 83.
An Integral Approach to the Theory of Classical Polytropes
Authors:   Kelly Serrvices Incorporation, Educational Staffing, 66210, Kansas,USA, Saiyan G.A.
Published: January 2022

A nonlinear Volterra integral equation of the second kind is used instead of conventional Lane-Emden differential equation to represent an alternative approach to finding exact solutions and analytical approximations to solutions of the Lane-Emden equation for classical polytropic models. This approach enables us to reproduce the well - known Lane- Emden (or, just Emden) functions for polytropic indices n=0,1,5 directly or by making use of the Laplace transform, and, being combined with some heuristic reasonings, derive analytical approximations to exact solutions for n = 1.5, 2 and ∞ in closed forms. The proximity of all suggested analytical approximations to the exact solutions are evaluated with the use of the mean square error estimator. Standard deviations are found to be of 10-3 by the order of magnitude. The approximating function of the isothermal density distribution enables us to calculate a theoretical rotation curve that reproduces main features of rotation curves of a set of spiral galaxies. Detailed mathematical calculations will be introduced in an extended paper which is under preparation.
A HISTORICAL STUDY OF ROLE OF THE LEFT IN THE MOVEMENT FOR RESTORATION OF DEMOCRACY
Authors:   Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Sodhar Muhammad Qasim
Published: January 2022

The movement for the Restoration of Democracy (MRD) was launched against the then military dictatorship in Pakistan in the 1980s. This paper is an attempt to present a historical sketch of the movement and also to discuss the role of the Left in that movement. The study considers those political parties as ‘Left’ which were following Socialist/Communist ideology, based in Sindh, province of Pakistan, specifically Awami Tehrik, a Marxist-Leninist-Moist party, and the Communist Party of Pakistan. This research is based on relevant literature, especially jail diaries and conducting interviews with victims of Communist Case registered by then military regime against communist leaders. The research addresses the events and mass movements launched by the Left in order to strengthen the movement for the restoration of democracy. Moreover, this paper shows how the Left converted a movement for the restoration of democracy into a great mass movement against the then military dictatorship. Key Words: Communist case, democracy, left, military dictatorship, movement for restoration of democracy, Pakistan, Sindh.
EFFECT OF COVID-19 ON STUDENTS PERFORMANCE AT K-12 LEVEL: PLANS FOR STEM EDUCATION
Authors:   Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University, Nerian Sharif, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Iqbal Muhammad , Raza Hasnain ,   College of Social Sciences, Yangzhou University, China, Nisa Zaib U ,   Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
Published: January 2022

It was decided by the government of Pakistan to close all educational institutions on 13th March, 2020 and all citizens were strictly advised to remain at their homes to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in the country. Due to the global pandemic, it was hypothesized that it would have a negative impact on K-12 students in their annual examinations of 2020 in science, mathematics, and technology subjects. There was constant hike in the COVID-19 cases and due to lack of technological resources in Pakistan, the country has been facing very difficult time since pandemic, especially in the area of STEM education. The data was collected from three teachers at a government secondary school in Malakand District Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in Pakistan. These teachers were specialized in mathematics, natural sciences and technology respectively. The researcher gathered insight of teachers on the possible effects of COVID-19 on the performance of students in their respective subjects by using a semi-structured interview technique. The study unveiled that if the COVID-19 epidemic persisted for a long time, it is possible that the proportion of the secondary school students in the annual examinations would be decreased due to the disturbed academic calendar of schools. Keywords: COVID-19, STEM Subjects, Mathematics Education, Pakistan Education
SOCIAL BARRIERS TO FEMALE EDUCATION IN DISTRICT D.G KHAN
Authors:   Government College, University Faisalabad, Ali Basharat , Nadeem Shahid ,   Government College, University Faisalabad, Shafqat Hammad ,   Government College, University Faisalabad
Published: January 2022

Education plays a significant role in community development. Women represent half of the population of a country when half population remains illiterate than it is difficult to achieve the goals of development. Poor policies low budget for education and low implantation of educational programs create illiteracy gap among masses. The present study is designed to investigate the barriers that female are facing in the field of education. The study was conducted in the Tribal Area of district Dera Ghazi Khan. The simple random simple techniques were used, and data were collected through questionnaire. The aim of this study is to identify the factors that are the hurdle for female education. The scattered population and school distance create a serious issue for education. The study revealed that higher the distance from the school the lower will be enrollment. Low income of parents will also affect the enrollment of children. The study reveals that lack of transports; school distance, school expenses, household work, traditional customs and financial issues are the barriers for female education. Key words: Attitude, Females, education, Income, Customs, Barriers.
NEXUS BETWEEN EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTS AND CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR: A CASE STUDY OF PRISONS IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
Authors:   Government College University, Faisalabad, Khaliq Nouman , Chaudhary Muhammad Shabbir ,   Government College University, Faisalabad, Mahmood Sadaf ,   Government College University, Faisalabad
Published: January 2022

The main objective of this research was to investigate the effect of intergenerational human capital accumulation on their criminal behavior if it existed. A multistage sampling technique was used for the selection of a sample of 400 respondents who have ever committed a crime and residing in district jails of Punjab, Pakistan. A well-designed interviewing schedule was used to collect information from these respondents. Descriptive analysis shows that majority of the respondents were young and married. Around one-fourth of the respondents were illiterate and about the same proportion had primary level education. The statistical analysis revealed that uneducated respondents had 40 percent more chances to commit the crime as compared to the educated ones. Thus, the set hypothesis that education is significantly affecting to discourage the criminal behavior in the society is upheld. Key Words: Intergenerational, Human capital accumulation, Criminal Behavior, Punjab, Crime, District Jails of Punjab