bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aetiology and Clinical Profile of Infectious Section Causes of Febrile Jaundice at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern OdishaAn Observational Prospective Study
Authors: Annam Chaitanya Teja , Rao B Rajendra Prasad , Bakaramji Devasi Manoharlal , Mohanty Ambika Prasad
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Fever with jaundice is one of the most common presentations seen in both outdoor and indoor patients. This manifestation is seen in many individuals infected with hepatotropic viruses (A to E), bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and non hepatotropic viruses. In viral hepatitis due to hepatotropic viruses the patient presents with a short febrile prodrome followed by jaundice, and is often self-limiting without any treatment whereas in patients other than viral hepatitis the patients present with ongoing fever and jaundice and need specific treatment. Aim: To evaluate clinical profile of patients presenting with febrile jaundice and finding the infections agent responsible for fever with jaundice baring viral hepatitis (A to E). Materials and Methods: This observational prospective study included 107 patients admitted in the Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, from September 2019 to August 2021, who were found to have febrile jaundice after initial evaluation, based on liver function tests and hepatotropic viral markers (hepatitis B surface antigen, Immunoglobulin M antibody against hepatitis C virus Immunoglobulin M antibody against hepatitis A virus, Immunoglobulin M antibody against hepatitis E virus). Routine laboratory parameters, chest radiograph, and electrocardiogram were performed in all cases. Appropriate investigations like specific serological, radiological investigations and cultures were performed to identify the causal pathogen. Statistical analysis of categorical variables was conducted by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 26.0 version. Results: Out of 107 patients, (23.3%) patients were found to have scrub typhus. Dengue was found in 23 (21.4%) patients (three had dengue associated with scrub typhus). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was found in 11 patients (10.2%) of study population. Malaria, tuberculosis, S. typhi, K. pneumonia, E. coli, B. cepacia, E. feacalis were isolated in other individuals. Among these, 41.12% patients had associated transaminitis, whereas, 16 had elevated aspartate transaminase/ alanine transaminase (>3 times of ULN). Overall, 18.4% patients had hepatomegaly, and 6.5% were found to have splenomegaly. Eight patients had septic shock, and associated Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) was seen in six patients. No definitive aetiology was found in 25 patients. Conclusion: The study identified a variety of organisms in sera from the patients presenting with febrile jaundice. The most common clinical feature was anorexia followed by headache. The common aetiology for febrile jaundice was viral infections {barring viral hepatitis (A to E)} followed by bacterial Infections.
Az agrár-kockázatkezelési rendszer működésének értékelése 2017
Authors: Keményné Horváth Zsuzsanna , Péter Krisztina , Zubor-Nemes Anna , Lőrincz Katalin , Kóti Adrienn
Published: November 2022

Jelen kiadványunk a mezőgazdasági kockázatkezelési rendszer működését és eredményeit mutatja be a 2017-es évre vonatkozóan. A kárenyhítő juttatás igénylésében fontos változást jelent 2017-től, hogy a 15 százalékot meghaladó hozamérték-csökkenésnek, ami az igénylés feltétele, már nem üzemi szinten, hanem a termesztett növénykultúra esetében kell teljesülnie. A módosítás célja, hogy a termelők mind szélesebb köre részesülhessen kifizetésben. Átlagosnak mondható időjárási viszonyok mellett gazdálkodhattak a mezőgazdasági termelők 2017-ben. A legjelentősebb károkat a tavaszi fagy, a jégeső, az aszály és a téli fagy okozták. A károk zöme az ültetvénykultúrákat és a szántóföldi növénykultúrákat érintette. Az I. pillérben a termelők száma 1,7 százalékkal nőtt az előző évihez képest. Az egyes ágazatokban a kárenyhítési rendszer által lefedett területek nagysága a zöldségkultúrák esetében csökkent, a szántóföldi növénykultúrákban és az ültetvénykultúrákban kismértékben növekedett az előző évhez képest. A II. pillérben a díjtámogatott biztosítási díjat befizető gazdaságok száma és a befizetett díjak is jelentősen emelkedtek a 2016. évhez képest a tárgyévben. Megállapítható, hogy az országban a díjtámogatott biztosítások és kiegészítő biztosítások díjai nőttek az előző évihez képest, valamint a biztosítások penetrációja is összességében minden növénykultúra esetében javult. Mivel a támogatási igény ismét meghaladta a rendelkezésre álló forrásokat, ezért az elmúlt három évhez hasonlóan a 2017. évi biztosítási díjtámogatás esetén is visszaosztás vált szükségessé.
Probability Model Based on Zero Truncation of Himanshu Distribution and Their Applications
Authors: Agarwal Abhishek , Pandey Himanshu
Published: November 2022

In this paper we have developed a probability model to study the distribution of the number of male migrants from households and patterns of child mortality through zero truncated Himanshu distribution (ZTHD). The parameter of the proposed model is estimated by method of moment and method of maximum likelihood and its suitability is tested by fitting to observed migration data,collected from various surveys.
Response of Seed Priming and Nitrogen Levels on Yield and Yield Attributes of Zero Till Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Succeeding Rice
Authors: Priya T. Sai , Mahadevappa S. G. , Teja K. Charan , Reddy K. Pavan Chandra
Published: November 2022

Aim: To determine the response of seed priming and nitrogen levels on yield and yield attributes of sunflower under zero till conditions succeeding rice.

Study Design: Split plot.

Place and Duration of Study: Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Palem, between December 2021 and  March 2022.

Methodology: A field experiment was conducted at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Palem, Nagarkurnool (District) during rabi 2021-22 to assess the effect of seed priming and nitrogen management on growth and yield of zero till sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) succeeding rice. The experiment was assigned in twelve treatments, laid out in split plot design with three replications. Treatments included were 4 treatments of seed priming methods (i) M1 = Control (no priming) (ii) M2 = Hydropriming (iii) M3 = Osmopriming with KNO3 @ 0.1% (iv) M4 = Osmopriming with NaCl @ 0.1% and 3 nitrogen levels (i) S1 = 100% RDN (ii) S2 = 100% RDN (iii) S3 = 150% RDN (RDN randomly placed in sub plots of the main plot.

Results: The results revealed that head diameter (16.4 cm), number of seeds per head (534), threshing percentage (79.0%) and seed yield (1961 kg ha-1) of zero till sunflower was significantly higher in osmopriming of seeds with KNO3 @ 0.1% over other treatments. Among nitrogen levels, head diameter (16.1 cm), number of seeds per head (551), threshing percentage (79.7%) and seed yield (1944 kg ha-1) of zero till sunflower was significantly higher under with application of 150% RDN over 100% RDN and 125% RDN.

Conclusion: Adoption of seed priming with KNO3 @ 0.1% for 12 hours and applying nitrogen @ 150% RDN improves the head diameter, number of seeds per head, threshing percentage which in turn increased the rabi sunflower seed yield under zero tilled conditions succeeding to rice.
Studies on Prevalence of GI Nematodes of Buffalo in Udaipur, Rajasthan
Authors: Manzer Hakim
Published: November 2022

GI nemotodes are very common in India and worldwide. The climate in India is highly suitable for growth of GI nematodes. To assess the sitation in Udaipur, the present study was conducted from Sept 2020 to January 2021 in and around Udaipur district (Rajasthan). The Overall prevalence of GI nematode infection in buffalo was 260 (85.24%). Among various GI nematode infections reported in the present study, Strongyles 120 (46.15%) were the most prevalent gastrointestinal nematode followed by Trichuris, Toxocara and Strongyloides. In buffalo seasonal analysis revealed highest prevalence in rainy season 195 (96.05%) and lowest in winter 65 (63.72%). Females (89.04%) were more infected with GI nematode infection than the male (76.84%) buffalo. The age wise prevalence of GI nematode infection reported highest prevalence in age group below 3 years 142 (93.42%) followed by 3-5 years age group 91 (91%) and above 5 years age group 27 (50.94%) in buffalo. Month wise GI nematode infection showed higher prevalence in September Month 113 (91.13. %). The study indicated that GIparasites are more prevelant in young females below 3 years of age. Rainy season suits the vgrowth and propagation of GI parasites.
Placebo Response and Media Attention in Randomized Clinical Trials Assessing Cannabis-Based Therapies for Pain
Authors: Gedin Filip , Blomé Sebastian , Pontén Moa , Lalouni Maria , Fust Jens , Raquette Andreé , Vadenmark Lundquist Viktor , Thompson William H. , Jensen Karin
Published: November 2022

Importance

Persistent pain is a common and disabling health problem that is often difficult to treat. There is an increasing interest in medicinal cannabis for treatment of persistent pain; however, the limited superiority of cannabinoids over placebo in clinical trials suggests that positive expectations may contribute to the improvements.

Objective

To evaluate the size of placebo responses in randomized clinical trials in which cannabinoids were compared with placebo in the treatment of pain and to correlate these responses to objective estimates of media attention.

Data Sources

A systematic literature search was conducted within the MEDLINE and Embase databases. Studies published until September 2021 were considered.

Study Selection

Cannabinoid studies with a double-blind, placebo-controlled design with participants 18 years or older with clinical pain of any duration were included. Studies were excluded if they treated individuals with HIV/AIDS or severe skin disorders.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses reporting guideline. Data were extracted by independent reviewers. Quality assessment was performed using the Risk of Bias 2 tool. Attention and dissemination metrics for each trial were extracted from Altmetric and Crossref. Data were pooled and analyzed using a random-effects statistical model.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Change in pain intensity from before to after treatment, measured as bias-corrected standardized mean difference (Hedgesg).

Results

Twenty studies, including 1459 individuals (mean [SD] age, 51 [7] years; age range, 33-62 years; 815 female [56%]), were included. Pain intensity was associated with a significant reduction in response to placebo, with a moderate to large effect size (mean [SE] Hedgesg, 0.64 [0.13];P < .001). Trials with low risk of bias had greater placebo responses (q1 = 5.47;I2 = 87.08;P = .02). The amount of media attention and dissemination linked to each trial was proportionally high, with a strong positive bias, but was not associated with the clinical outcomes.

Conclusions and Relevance

Placebo contributes significantly to pain reduction seen in cannabinoid clinical trials. The positive media attention and wide dissemination may uphold high expectations and shape placebo responses in future trials, which has the potential to affect the outcome of clinical trials, regulatory decisions, clinical practice, and ultimately patient access to cannabinoids for pain relief.
A Novel Magnetic Hardening Mechanism for Nd‐Fe‐B Permanent Magnets Based on Solid‐State Phase Transformation
Authors: Schäfer Lukas , Skokov Konstantin , Maccari Fernando , Radulov Iliya , Koch David , Mazilkin Andrey , Adabifiroozjaei Esmaeil , Molina‐Luna Leopoldo , Gutfleisch Oliver
Published: November 2022

Permanent magnets based on neodymium‐iron‐boron (Nd‐Fe‐B) alloys provide the highest performance and energy density, finding usage in many high‐tech applications. Their magnetic performance relies on the intrinsic properties of the hard‐magnetic Nd2Fe14B phase combined with control over the microstructure during production. In this study, a novel magnetic hardening mechanism is described in such materials based on a solid‐state phase transformation. Using modified Nd‐Fe‐B alloys of the type Nd16Febal‐x‐y‐zCoxMoyCuzB7 for the first time it is revealed how the microstructural transformation from the metastable Nd2Fe17Bx phase to the hard‐magnetic Nd2Fe14B phase can be thermally controlled, leading to an astonishing increase in coercivity from ≈200 kAm−1 to almost 700 kAm−1. Furthermore, after thermally treating a quenched sample of Nd16Fe56Co20Mo2Cu2B7, the presence of Mo leads to the formation of fine FeMo2B2 precipitates, in the range from micrometers down to a few nanometers. These precipitates are responsible for the refinement of the Nd2Fe14B grains and so for the high coercivity. This mechanism can be incorporated into existing manufacturing processes and can prove to be applicable to novel fabrication routes for Nd‐Fe‐B magnets, such as additive manufacturing.
Multifunctional and Wearable Patches Based on Flexible Piezoelectric Acoustics for Integrated Sensing, Localization, and Underwater Communication
Authors: Zhang Qian , Wang Yong , Li Dongsheng , Xie Jin , Tao Kai , Hu PingAn , Zhou Jian , Chang Honglong , Fu Yongqing
Published: November 2022

Flexible and wearable sensors are highly desired for health monitoring, agriculture, sport, and indoor positioning systems applications. However, the currently developed wireless wearable sensors, which are communicated through radio signals, can only provide limited positioning accuracy and are often ineffective in underwater conditions. In this paper, a wireless platform based on flexible piezoelectric acoustics is developed with multiple functions of sensing, communication, and positioning. Under a high frequency (≈13 MHz) stimulation, Lamb waves are generated for respiratory monitoring. Whereas under low‐frequency stimulation (≈20 kHz), this device is agitated as a vibrating membrane, which can be implemented for communication and positioning applications. Indoor communication is demonstrated within 2.8 m at 200 bps or 4.2 m at 25 bps. In combination with the sensing function, real‐time respiratory monitoring and wireless communication are achieved simultaneously. The distance measurement is achieved based on the phase differences of transmitted and received acoustic signals within a range of 100 cm, with a maximum error of 3 cm. This study offers new insights into the communication and positioning applications using flexible acoustic wave devices, which are promising for wireless and wearable sensor networks.
Metastable Phase Cu with Optimized Local Electronic State for Efficient Electrocatalytic Production of Ammonia from Nitrate
Authors: Wen Weidong , Yan Ping , Sun Wanping , Zhou Yitong , Yu Xin‐Yao
Published: November 2022

Electrocatalytic nitrate (NO3−) reduction reaction (NITRR) is an inspiring route for ammonia (NH3) synthesis at ambient condition. The metallic Cu‐based material with low cost and high activity is one of the most promising electrocatalysts for NITRR. However, due to the weaker atomic H*‐providing capacity, the produced intermediate—nitrite tends to accumulate on its surface, leading to unsatisfactory NH3 selectivity and Faradic efficiency (FE). Herein, a novel and facile O2/Ar plasma oxidation and subsequent electro‐reduction strategy is developed to synthesize a kind of metastable phase Cu. Excitingly, the metastable phase Cu demonstrates superior NITRR performance to conventional phase Cu with high NH4+ selectivity (97.8%) and FE (99.8%). Density function theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the upshift of the d‐band center to near the Fermi level in metastable phase Cu contributes to the enhanced activity, while the relatively strong adsorption of H* facilitates the conversion from NO2*/NO* to NOOH*/NOH* and thus ensures high selectivity and FE. Furthermore, when evaluated as cathode material in Zn‐NO3− battery, high power density (7.56 mW cm−2) and NH4+ yield (76 µmol h−1 cm−2) are achieved by the metastable phase Cu‐based battery.
Protein‐Coated Biodegradable Gas‐Stabilizing Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis Using Focused Ultrasound
Authors: Sabuncu Sinan , Montoya Mira Jose , Quentel Arnaud , Gomes Michelle M. , Civitci Fehmi , Fischer Jared M. , Yildirim Adem
Published: November 2022

Surface‐engineered hydrophobic nanoparticles that can stabilize small gas pockets on their surfaces (i.e., gas‐stabilizing nanoparticles, GSNs) have been recently shown to be excellent contrast and cavitation agents for ultrasound theranostics. However, previously developed GSNs are not biodegradable, which limits their clinical translation potential. Here the development of biodegradable GSNs is shown by coating hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles with different protein solutions. It is found that these novel GSNs retain strong cavitation activity while rapidly degrading in simulated body fluid (SBF) or in vivo in days or a few weeks, respectively. Interestingly, GSNs coated with other stabilizing layers, Pluronic F127 polymer or phospholipids, demonstrated significantly slower degradation rates with only partial degradation even after a month of incubation in SBF. Next, it is shown that these biodegradable GSNs can be used to ablate tumor xenografts at lower ultrasound intensities, thus avoiding the side effects of high‐intensity ultrasound. Finally, it is shown that only tumors treated with GSNs and ultrasound can specifically enrich for circulating tumor DNA, which will improve liquid biopsies for understanding tumor heterogeneity and treatment response. Overall, this study details a simple yet effective method for preparing biodegradable GSNs with broad potential for applications in cancer diagnosis and therapy.
Multiscale Computational Approaches toward the Understanding of Materials
Authors: Bordonhos Marta , Galvão Tiago L. P. , Gomes José R. B. , Gouveia José D. , Jorge Miguel , Lourenço Mirtha A. O. , Pereira José M. , Pérez‐Sánchez Germán , Pinto Moisés L. , Silva Carlos M. , Tedim João , Zêzere Bruno
Published: November 2022

Herewith, an overview of the group's collaborative research efforts on the development and deployment of computational approaches to understand materials and tools at different length and time scales is presented. The techniques employed range from quantum mechanical approaches based on the density functional theory to classical atomistic and coarse‐grained force field methods, targeting molecular systems composed of a few to several million atoms at different levels of detail. These new tools and molecular models are presented to the computational materials science community so they can be used in more realistic molecular modelling studies of the properties of materials and their dependence on subtle modifications of their structures. The review concludes by presenting a selection of recent computational case‐studies oriented toward the understanding of the synthesis of materials, the interpretation of unexpected experimental results, the prediction of material properties, and the materials selection based on their characteristics for applications in areas such as gas adsorption/separation, corrosion protection, and catalysis.
Enhancing the Performance of N‐Type Thermoelectric Devices via Tuning the Crystallinity of Small Molecule Semiconductors
Authors: Duan Jiayao , Ding Jiamin , Wang Dongyang , Zhu Xiuyuan , Chen Junxin , Zhu Genming , Chen Chaoyue , Yu Yaping , Liao Hailiang , Li Zhengke , Di Chong‐an , Yue Wan
Published: November 2022

In the development of high‐performance organic thermoelectric devices, n‐type materials, especially with small molecule semiconductors, lags far behind p‐type materials. In this paper, three small molecules are synthesized based on electron‐deficient naphthalene bis‐isatin building blocks bearing different alkyl chains with the terminal functionalized with 3‐ethylrhodanine unit and studied their aggregation and doping mechanism in detail. It is found that crystallinity plays an essential role in tuning the doping behavior of small molecules. Molecules with too strong crystallinity tend to aggregate with each other to form large crystalline domains, which cause significant performance degradation. While molecules with weak crystallinity can tolerate more dopants, most of them exhibit low mobility. By tuning the crystallinity carefully, organic thermoelectric devices based on C12NR can maintain high mobility and realize effective doping simultaneously, and a high power factor of 1.07 µW m−1 K−2 at 100 °C is realized. This delicate molecular design by modulating crystallinity provides a new avenue for realizing high‐performance organic thermoelectric devices.
Nanotubular Geometry for Stabilizing Metastable 1T‐Phase Ru Dichalcogenides
Authors: Kim Myeong‐Geun , Kim Seung‐Hoon , Jang Jue‐Hyuk , Lee Dong Wook , Choi Daeil , Park Jae‐Hyun , Lee Kug‐Seung , Chen Nanjun , Hu Chuan , Lee Young Moo , Yoo Sung Jong
Published: November 2022

Owing to their remarkable electrochemical activities, 1T phase transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) materials have attracted considerable interest in recent decades. However, metastable 1T phases are difficult to prepare and readily change phases. Therefore, for the first time, a monolayer nanotubular 1T Ru dichalcogenide comprising 92% of the 1T phase is synthesized, which is the highest value ever obtained using solvothermal methods. In the tubular geometry, the 1T phase exhibits superior durability against various external stimuli and electrocatalytic activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction. According to density‐functional‐theory‐based and molecular dynamics calculations, sufficiently curved architectures can change their bond identities to safely maintain 1T phases, hence providing a strategy for stabilizing metastable phases. The study results form a basis for extensively applying 1T phases and will stimulate interest for applying tubular structures for stabilizing metastable materials.
Atomically Dispersed V‐O2N3 Sites with Axial VO Coordination on Multichannel Carbon Nanofibers Achieving Superior Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution in Acidic Media
Authors: Li Tongfei , Lu Tingyu , Zhong Haoyin , Xi Shibo , Zhang Mingyi , Pang Huan , Yang Jun , Xu Lin , Tang Yawen , Xue Junmin
Published: November 2022

The development of inexpensive, active, and robust nonprecious metal electrocatalysts toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acid media is highly imperative for renewable energy conversion techniques, yet greatly challenging. Inspired by the vanadium‐containing oxygen‐fixing enzymes in haloperoxidase in nature, herein, the atomically dispersed V sites anchored on N‐doped multichannel carbon nanofibers (designated as V@NMCNFs hereafter) are rationally designed as high‐efficiency electrocatalyst for the acidic OER. Substantial characterizations validate that the local coordination microenvironment of the V site is identified as an asymmetrical penta‐coordinated V‐O2N3 moiety with axial VO coordination, which is further theoretically substantiated as an energetically favorable configuration with a reduced OER energy barrier by the density functional theory calculations. Consequently, the well‐dispersed isolated V‐O2N3 sites with exceptional intrinsic activity and unique nano‐architecture furnish the well‐designed V@NMCNFs with distinguished OER performance in a 0.5 m H2SO4 electrolyte, as reflected by the ultralow overpotential of 196 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and remarkable long‐term electrochemical durability, representing one of the most impressive nonprecious OER electrocatalysts to date. The synthetic methodology for SAC preparation and concept of electronic regulation proposed in this work offer perspectives to aid the design of other functional SAC systems with regulated coordination environments for efficient electrocatalysis.
A multistep method for steady‐state Monte Carlo simulations of polymerization processes
Authors: Liu Rui , Lin Xiaowen , Armaou Antonios , Chen Xi
Published: November 2022

Identifying the microscopic information of polymers is of great significance for polymerization processes. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is a powerful tool to predict the microscopic structure of polymers. Currently, most MC methods are designed for dynamic polymerization processes based on time evolution. The study on MC simulation for steady‐state processes is scarce and current approaches face challenges in addressing complex mechanisms. In this work, a multistep method is proposed for the steady‐state MC simulation. By introducing the “buffer pool” concept, the proposed method is computationally efficient and flexible to derive accurate predictions for processes with various polymerization mechanisms. Three applications with increasing complexity in the kinetic mechanisms, including both linear and branching polymerizations, are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method.
Selective Detection of Mixtures via a Single Nonselective Sensor—Making the Unworkable Sensor Workable by Machine Learning
Authors: Liu Luzheng , Hu Chuxiong , Ou Tiansheng , Wang Ze , Zhu Yu , Na Na
Published: November 2022

Highly selective and sensitive detection of chemical mixtures by a single sensor consistently suffers from overlapping response signals. Previous researchers have to make a detour to avoid overlapping through preparing selective sensor materials, tedious preseparation, and time‐consuming operation. Nowadays, machine learning (ML), as one remarkable branch of artificial intelligence (AI), possesses advantages to modernize pathways to approach chemical challenges and provides a novel short cut for chemical mixture detection. Herein, a challenging example of a single nonselective cataluminescence (CTL) sensor with nonequilibrium and especially nonlinear responses is taken for chemical mixture detection. Intelligent recurrent neural networks (RNNs) with gated recurrent units are applied to directly predict mixture component contents from overlapping signals and achieve 100% and 92.22% of prediction accuracy for known and unknown samples, respectively. Furthermore, the physical law of response overlapping is revealed to support the mechanism of the proposed approach. The introduction of RNN into selective sensing not only initiates a distinctive and simple pathway for selective quantitative detection of mixtures via a single nonselective sensor but also can inspire future intelligent detection approaches in analytical chemistry, biological analysis, environmental monitoring, healthcare, clinical therapy, etc.
Tasering Twin Soft Robot: A Multimodal Soft Robot Capable of Passive Flight and Wall Climbing
Authors: Sriratanasak Natthapol , Axinte Dragos , Dong Xin , Mohammad Abdelkhalick , Russo Matteo , Raimondi Luca
Published: November 2022

The application of Soft Crawling Robots (SCRs) to real‐world scenarios remains a grand challenge due to their limited deployment time to reach the target and accessibility to difficult‐to‐reach environments by any obstacles. To overcome these limitations, a novel multimodal Tasering Twin Soft Robot (TTSR), carrying two SCRs, capable of 1) passive flight and 2) wall climbing to a desired location by deploying SCRs once reached the target is proposed. For satisfying both tasks, reconfigurable design of SCRs using a novel bistable mechanism and detaching mechanism based on a shape‐memory alloy for deploying SCRs is proposed. Each SCR is driven by two dielectric elastomer actuators (DEA) and three electroadhesive (EA) feet. To demonstrate multimodality, the TTSR with two SCRs is launched by pneumatic pressure and flown over an obstacle. While flying, the SCRs are folded compactly to reduce the air drag and perch on a wall 3 m away (50 times of body length) within 0.64 s. After perching, the SCRs reconfigure themselves for crawling and separated from each other. After that, the SCRs crawl, performing planar motion, and reach predefined locations on the wall. Moreover, the SCR can move across 15°‐slope dihedral surfaces and inverted surface.
Biological distances between Late Holocene hunter‐gatherers from the lower Paraná wetland (Argentina)
Authors: Mazza Bárbara
Published: November 2022

Introduction

This study assesses the biological affinity between Late Holocene hunter‐gatherers that inhabited the region of the lower Paraná wetland (Argentina) at the end of the Late Holocene (1800–700 years BP).

Methods

Cranial nonmetric traits were registered in 159 adult individuals of both sexes. Biodistances were estimated between environmental and archaeological units through Smith's Mean Measure of Divergence, Mahalanobis distance, multidimensional scaling, Fst index, and R‐matrix. Biological distances concerning temporal and geographic distances between the archaeological sites were also evaluated through Mantel and partial Mantel tests.

Results

The environmental units showed statistically significant biodistances according to a distance spatial pattern but low genetic differentiation between groups. Additionally, some archaeological sites with median radiocarbon dates around 700 years BP also presented statistically significant biodistances.

Conclusions

Gene flow and genetic drift could be responsible for the observed biodistance results. These processes gave rise to different subpopulations of hunter‐gatherers with a shared material culture, whose territorial limits could have been reinforced around 700 years BP or earlier.
Enhanced osteogenic gene expressions and alkaline phosphatase activity of the composites based on bioactive glass and CuAl LDH for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Bagherzadeh Mojtaba , Aldhaher Abdullah , Baheiraei Nafiseh , Ahmadi Sepideh , Rabiee Navid
Published: November 2022

A novel form of nanocomposite based on bioactive glass (BG) and CuAl LDH has been devised and manufactured for the first time in this paper. The produced nanocomposites, BG@CuAl LDH and BG@CuAl LDH@RO, were employed to examine the ability of the alkaline phosphatase activity to regulate the expression of COL 1, OCN and RUNX2 (ALP) gene expressions. The role of leaf extracts (Rosmarinus officinalis [RO]) on enhanced osteogenic gene expression has been investigated. Also, the relative cell viability has been analyzed by MTT assay on the hBMSCs, HEK‐293 and PC12 cell lines after 24 and 48 hours of treatment. The results showed significantly increased gene expressions in different microenvironments, the presence and absence of ascorbic acid and low cytotoxicity towards different cell lines. In the case of the hBMSCs cell lines, the synthesized nanomaterials' cell attachment and proliferation findings proved completely successful.
Dodecenyl succinic‐β‐cyclodextrin with high degree of substitution: Synthesis, characterization and evaluation
Authors: Niu Chunmei , An Yingjie , Yang Yuxuan , Wang Ruolin , Li Tiantian
Published: November 2022

β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) has the characteristics of safety, non‐toxicity, and a wide range of sources. It can be used in improving surface activity. However, due to the limitation of molecular polarity and solubility, its surface activity and emulsification ability are weak. Therefore, it is necessary to improve adsorption capacity on phase interface by hydrophobic modification. In this article, dodecenyl succinic‐β‐cyclodextrin (DDS‐β‐CD) with different substitution degree was prepared by esterification of β‐CD with dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA) as the esterifying agent. The product was characterized by FT‐IR, 1H NMR, SEM, and TGA, respectively. Results showed that DDS was successfully introduced into β‐CD. Both the degree of substitution (DS) and productivity (P) increased with the addition of DDSA and can reach 0.283 and 85.8%, respectively, when the molar ratio of DDSA to β‐CD was 3:1. The modified cyclodextrin showed lower surface tension and higher foaming ability. Compared with octenyl succinic‐β‐cyclodextrin (OS‐β‐CD), it was found that the length of hydrophobic segment had a significant effect on the surface tension. Due to its unique properties, it can be used as a good emulsifier for oil‐in‐water emulsions and a host material for lavender flavor.
LAGOS‐AND: A large gold standard dataset for scholarly author name disambiguation
Authors: Zhang Li , Lu Wei , Yang Jinqing
Published: November 2022

In this article, we present a method to automatically build large labeled datasets for the author ambiguity problem in the academic world by leveraging the authoritative academic resources, ORCID and DOI. Using the method, we built LAGOS‐AND, two large, gold‐standard sub‐datasets for author name disambiguation (AND), of which LAGOS‐AND‐BLOCK is created for clustering‐based AND research and LAGOS‐AND‐PAIRWISE is created for classification‐based AND research. Our LAGOS‐AND datasets are substantially different from the existing ones. The initial versions of the datasets (v1.0, released in February 2021) include 7.5 M citations authored by 798 K unique authors (LAGOS‐AND‐BLOCK) and close to 1 M instances (LAGOS‐AND‐PAIRWISE). And both datasets show close similarities to the whole Microsoft Academic Graph (MAG) across validations of six facets. In building the datasets, we reveal the variation degrees of last names in three literature databases, PubMed, MAG, and Semantic Scholar, by comparing author names hosted to the authors' official last names shown on the ORCID pages. Furthermore, we evaluate several baseline disambiguation methods as well as the MAG's author IDs system on our datasets, and the evaluation helps identify several interesting findings. We hope the datasets and findings will bring new insights for future studies. The code and datasets are publicly available.
Recent advances in the synthesis of layered double hydroxides nanosheets
Authors: Xie Jing , Khalid Zubair , Oh Jae‐Min
Published: November 2022

Layered double hydroxide (LDH) with characteristic two‐dimensional structure and positive layer charge has attracted attention in a wide range of applications in recent years. Although LDH with a layer‐by‐layer structure has high applicability as a catalyst, adsorbent, drug reservoir, and so on, it has been suggested that the single‐layered LDH nanosheets not only enhance the performance but also expand the application in electrocatalyst, batteries, and supercapacitors due to the increased active sites in nanosheets. In this review, we introduced state of the art in the synthesis of LDH nanosheets in terms of synthesis approaches, mechanisms, and properties of thus obtained LDH nanosheets. The synthesis approaches are primarily categorized into two parts, namely, top‐down synthesis to delaminate bulk LDH and bottom‐up synthesis to obtain single‐layer LDH in limited space. In the first section, the exfoliation of LDH, which was realized by weakening the layer‐by‐layer stacking and by increasing the basal distance, was summarized mainly based on the swelling mechanism. In the second section, the bottom‐up syntheses of LDH nanosheets through controlled crystal growth in confined space or restricted synthetic conditions are introduced.
Co‐delivery of dendritic cell vaccine and anti‐PD‐1 antibody with cryomicroneedles for combinational immunotherapy
Authors: Chang Hao , Wen Xueyu , Li Zhiming , Ling Zhixin , Zheng Yanting , Xu Chenjie
Published: November 2022

Combinational immunotherapy of dendritic cell (DC) vaccines and anti‐programmed cell death protein 1 antibodies (aPD1) has been regarded as a promising strategy for cancer treatment because it not only induces tumor‐specific T cell immune responses, but also prevents failure of T cell functions by the immune suppressive milieu of tumors. Microneedles have emerged as an innovative platform for efficient transdermal immunotherapies. However, co‐delivery of DC vaccines and aPD1 via microneedles has not been studied since conventional microneedle platforms are unsuitable for fragile therapeutics like living cells and antibodies. This study employs our newly invented cryomicroneedles (cryoMNs) to co‐deliver DC vaccines and aPD1 for the combinational immunotherapy. CryoMNs are fabricated by stepwise cryogenic micromoulding of cryogenic medium with pre‐suspended DCs and aPD1, which are further integrated with a homemade handle for convenient application. The viability of DCs in cryoMNs remains above 85%. CryoMNs are mechanically strong enough to insert into porcine and mouse skin, successfully releasing DCs and aPD1 inside skin tissue after melting. Co‐delivery of ovalbumin (OVA)‐pulsed DCs (OVA‐DCs) and aPD1 via cryoMNs induced higher antigen‐specific cellular immune responses compared with the mono‐delivery of OVA‐DCs or aPD1. Finally, administration with cryoMNs co‐encapsulated with OVA‐DCs and aPD1 increases the infiltration of effector T cells in the tumor, resulting in stronger anti‐tumor therapeutic efficacy in both prophylactic and therapeutic melanoma models compared with administration with cryoMNs loaded with OVA‐DCs or aPD1. This study demonstrates the great potential of cryoMNs as a co‐delivery system of therapeutic cells and biomacromolecules for combinational therapies.
Numerical Simulation of Mixing between Sequential Fluids in a Pipeline Considering Real Conditions
Authors: Hamidi Vali , Hajidavalloo Ebrahim , Behbehani-Nejad Morteza
Published: November 2022

The mixing behavior of two sequential petroleum products resulting from convection and diffusion mechanisms was numerically modeled. To this end, the initial mixing that happens during the fluid change in the pipeline was considered. A numerical code was also developed, and two‐dimensional volume fraction variations of a 100‐m‐long, 16‐in‐diameter pipe were calculated. The model was validated by comparison with field data in a real pipeline. The results showed a significant difference in mixing length between the old and new conditions. When the actual conditions were used, the error in the results was reduced from 62 to 12 %. Overall, it was discovered that if available correlations are modified on the basis of the initial mixing, they can also produce good results in short pipelines.
Tunicate Henry gas solubility optimization‐based deep residual network for fruit ripeness classification
Authors: Arumugasamy Muthulakshmi , Arokiasamy Antonidoss
Published: November 2022

Fruits are considered a significant component to offer humans adequate nutrients, like carbohydrates, vitamins, and dietary fiber but the ripening of fruits is a major issue as the ripening of fruits is detected considering more or less time based on microclimate conditions. This article proposes a new technique to classify fruit ripening using the deep model. Here, the input images like mango, apple, and banana are fed to preprocessing phase wherein Gaussian filtering is adapted to eliminate unwanted distortions. Features like color histogram, histogram of gradients, statistical features, local Gabor binary patterns, significant local binary pattern, and convolution neural network (CNN) features are mined to classify fruit. The DCNN training is done with the adopted tunicate‐based Henry gas solubility optimization algorithm (THGSO) obtained by integrating the tunicate swarm algorithm and Henry gas solubility optimization (HGSO). Then, ripening classification is done with deep residual network (DRN). The DRN training is done using the adopted THGSO. The adopted THGSO‐based DRN presented developed fruit classification performance with elevated accuracy 91.4%, sensitivity 92.5%, and specificity 87.5%. The adopted THGSO‐based DRN provided improved fruit ripening performance with maximum accuracy 92.5%, sensitivity 93.5%, and specificity 90.5%.
Simulation method for infrared radiation transmission characteristics of typical ship targets based on optical remote sensing
Authors: Jiang Zhengjie , Xu Ming , Shi Hao , Chen Liang
Published: November 2022

In order to meet the needs of the application of optical detection and recognition of ship targets in complex sea environment, based on the full link of optical remote sensing detection, the radiation transmission mechanism of ship target characteristics is analyzed. Then, the radiation characteristics model of ship target, the radiation model of ship target thermal wake, and the radiation characteristics model of sea background are established, and the simulation calculation of focal plane radiation characteristics for sea surface ship target is realized according to the space‐based detection and imaging mechanism; Finally, based on the simulation calculation model, the variation law of ship target radiation characteristics under different sea surface conditions and different imaging time are analyzed, which can provide theoretical basis and scientific guidance for the key index design of Space‐Based Surveillance and detection system and the optimization of target detection and recognition algorithm.
Polysiloxane‐based Electrolytes: Influence of Salt Type and Polymer Chain Length on the Physical and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Celik‐Kucuk Asuman , Abe Takeshi
Published: November 2022

An oligo/poly(methyl(2‐(tris(2‐H methoxyethoxy)silyl)ethyl)siloxane)), 390EO, and 2550EO, were synthesized. Dilute electrolyte solutions of 390EO and 2550EO were prepared using LiTFSI, LiFSI, and LiPF6. The influence of the length of the siloxane polymer chain, salt type, and Si‐tripodand centers at the side chain on ionic conductivity, tLi+, and physical properties were examined. Both electrolyte systems showed high values of tLi+ (0.35 for 2550EO/LiTFSI and 0.64 for 390EO/LiTFSI). Alternatively 390EO/LiPF6 and 2550EO/LiPF6 displayed high tLi+ values of 0.61 and 0.44, respectively, while 390EO/LiFSI displayed the smallest tLi+ (0.25). To clarify the role played by the Li+ environment in Li+ transport, the solvation states of electrolytes were examined. It was observed that anion solvation can be achieved using siloxane‐based solvent in all systems. Walden plot analysis demonstrates that ionic diffusion was not controlled by either macroviscosity/microviscosity in the siloxane‐based polymer electrolytes. Ions instead move along a relatively smooth ion‐pathway without complete full segmental reorientation in 2550EO as a result of decoupling and high ion solvation behavior. Conversely, in 390EO, ions might move to available sites by a jumping after decoupling with low ion solvation behavior. Consequently, a high t Li+ was achieved, and the oxidative stability of the salt was ensured.
Continuous Flow Photooxidative Degradation of Azo Dyes with Biomass‐Derived Carbon Dots
Authors: Campalani Carlotta , Petit Guillaume , Monbaliu Jean‐Christophe M. , Selva Maurizio , Perosa Alvise
Published: November 2022

The presence of persistent organic pollutants in industrial wastewaters is becoming a problem of major concern. In the present study we explored the degradation of azo dyes, well‐known common hazardous contaminants, by a green and efficient procedure using continuous flow photooxidative degradation. In particular, carbon dots synthesized from fishery waste (bass‐CDs) were used as a cheap and readily available photocatalyst in combination with oxygen and UV light. Methyl orange, acid red 18, amaranth, sunset yellow and chromotrope were chosen as model substrates and their degradation was studied both in batch and in continuous flow conditions. All the azo dyes were fully degraded with both techniques highlighting the suitability of bass‐CDs for the decontamination of wastewater. The main advantages are of using a “disposable” photocatalyst, in aqueous solvent and in continuous flow. In particular, continuous flow operation allowed faster decompositions: circa 2 min versus 1–3 hours needed in batch.
An Improved Scalable Synthesis of the Potent Antiviral (S)‐HPMPA
Authors: Kumar Racherla Kishore , Sanghvi Yogesh S. , Reddy Paidi Yella , Banerjee Shyamapada
Published: November 2022

We present an improved synthesis of (S)‐HPMPA (1) from an easily accessible and commercially available compound, (S)‐3‐(benzyloxy)propane‐1,2‐diol (10). Tritylation of primary alcohol 10 was highly selective, and pure product was isolated in good yield. Alkylation of (R)‐1‐(benzyloxy)‐3‐(trityloxy)propan‐2‐ol (11) with diethyl p‐toluenesulfonyloxymethyl phosphonate (6) using sodium hydride in tetrahydrofuran followed by detritylation afforded the desired chiral synthon 12. Tosylation of the primary alcohol and subsequent reaction with sodium adeninate afforded protected S‐HPMPA (14). Global deprotection using concentrated hydrochloric acid in a sealed tube afforded S‐HPMA (1), and the deprotected 1 was crystallized from water and acetone to obtain a 99% pure product. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of (R)‐1‐(benzyloxy)‐3‐(trityloxy)propan‐2‐ol (11)

Basic Protocol 2: Preparation of diethyl (S)‐(((1‐(benzyloxy)‐3‐hydroxypropan‐2‐yl)oxy)methyl)phosphonate (12)

Basic Protocol 3: Preparation of (R)‐3‐(benzyloxy)‐2‐((diethoxyphosphoryl)methoxy)propyl‐4‐methylbenzenesulfonate (13)

Basic Protocol 4: Preparation of diethyl (S)‐(((1‐(6‐amino‐9H‐purin‐9‐yl)‐3‐(benzyloxy)propan‐2‐yl)oxy)methyl)phosphonate (14)

Support Protocol 1: Preparation of sodium adeninate

Basic Protocol 5: Preparation of (S)‐(((1‐(6‐amino‐9H‐purin‐9‐yl)‐3‐hydroxypropan‐2‐yl)oxy)methyl)phosphonic acid (1)
Prognostic role of inflammatory diets in colorectal cancer overall and in strata of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte levels
Authors: Ugai Tomotaka , Liu Li , Tabung Fred K. , Hamada Tsuyoshi , Langworthy Benjamin W. , Akimoto Naohiko , Haruki Koichiro , Takashima Yasutoshi , Okadome Kazuo , Kawamura Hidetaka , Zhao Melissa , Kahaki Seyed Mostafa Mousavi , Glickman Jonathan N. , Lennerz Jochen K. , Zhang Xuehong , Chan Andrew T. , Fuchs Charles S. , Song Mingyang , Wang Molin , Yu Kun‐Hsing , Giannakis Marios , Nowak Jonathan A. , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A. , Wu Kana , Ogino Shuji , Giovannucci Edward L.
Published: November 2022

Background

Certain dietary patterns can elicit systemic and intestinal inflammatory responses, which may influence adaptive anti‐tumor immune responses and tumor behavior. We hypothesized that pro‐inflammatory diets might be associated with higher colorectal cancer mortality and that the association might be stronger for tumors with lower immune responses.

Methods

We calculated an empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) score in 2829 patients among 3988 incident rectal and colon carcinoma cases in the Nurses’ Health Study and Health Professionals Follow‐up Study. Using Cox proportional hazards regression analyses, we examined the prognostic association of EDIP scores and whether it might be modified by histopathologic immune reaction (in 1192 patients with available data).

Results

Higher EDIP scores after colorectal cancer diagnosis were associated with worse survival, with multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for the highest versus lowest tertile of 1.41 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13–1.77; Ptrend = 0.003) for 5‐year colorectal cancer‐specific mortality and 1.44 (95% CI, 1.19‐1.74; Ptrend = 0.0004) for 5‐year all‐cause mortality. The association of post‐diagnosis EDIP scores with 5‐year colorectal cancer‐specific mortality differed by degrees of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL; Pinteraction = .002) but not by three other lymphocytic reaction patterns. The multivariable‐adjusted, 5‐year colorectal cancer‐specific mortality HRs for the highest versus lowest EDIP tertile were 1.59 (95% CI: 1.01–2.53) in TIL‐absent/low cases and 0.48 (95% CI: 0.16–1.48) in TIL‐intermediate/high cases.

Conclusions

Pro‐inflammatory diets after colorectal cancer diagnosis were associated with increased mortality, particularly in patients with absent or low TIL.