bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elder Abuse and Gender
Authors: Sengstock Mary Cay , Gill Brenda I.
Published: April 2016

Elder abuse could be a single or repeated unbecoming acts and deliberate or accidental neglect that occur in relationships of trust that result in hurt or suffering to an older person. In some cases elder abuse causes permanent injury and even death. Elder abuse, especially abuse perpetuated by family members, dates back to ancient times. Recognition of elder abuse as a social problem and one type of family violence came after that of child and domestic abuse. Elder abuse was initially called “granny battering” and attracted the attention of medical personnel and later that of legal and academic personnel as well as the general public. Elder abuse continues to impact the lives of older adults, especially women, 60 years and older in several ways. It is a worldwide problem that impacts the quality of life of elders in several ways. Research and policy literature tend to classify elder abuse into seven main types: physical abuse, sexual abuse or abusive sexual contact, emotional or psychological abuse, neglect, self‐neglect, abandonment, and financial abuse or exploitation. Though several incidence and prevalence studies have been conducted, the need for more intervention studies is recognized.
Social Identity
Authors: Foster Johanna E.
Published: April 2016

Social identity refers to the cultural meanings that individuals give to their own, and to others', social locations, or status positions, within a social structure. The concept of social identity is closely related to classic sociological notions of the self, which contemporary sociologists would define as a relatively stable set of socially constructed ideas one holds about one's own existence. More contemporary notions of identity argue that the meanings one assigns to one's self, and to others, must be socially produced and maintained in ongoing interaction rituals. More recently, feminist social scientists, as well as critical theorists informed by postmodernism, have emphasized that the meanings individuals assign to social identities, and particularly the social identities of sex, gender, sexuality, race, ethnicity, and nation, are not based on universal, stable, or fixed social categories, but are variable or contextual, and imbued with multiple meanings that are embedded in intersecting social practices, social institutions, and systems of social inequality, and with a range of consequences for individuals' experiences of gender and sexual oppression.
Matrix of Domination
Authors: Limpangog Cirila P.
Published: April 2016

Matrix of domination is a theoretical approach that explores the interlocking systems of oppression in terms of race, gender, class, and other social categories faced by marginalized or othered people. It theorizes power in four domains: structural, disciplinary, hegemonic, and interpersonal. Originally used by Patricia Hill Collins in relation to the discrimination and subsequent struggle for equality of black American women, the theory is grounded in black feminist epistemology. It privileges the voices and experiences of those in the margins.
Geisha
Authors: Han C. Winter
Published: April 2016

Geisha are traditional Japanese female entertainers who are trained in a number of traditional Japanese art forms, including music and dance, who work as hostesses during formal and semi‐formal dinners held at traditional Japanese tea houses called
ochaya
.
Hormone Replacement Therapy
Authors: Eden John
Published: April 2016

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is the most effective treatment for the relief of menopausal symptoms; however, long‐term usage has been linked to an increased risk of developing breast cancer. Usage of HRT is largely limited to the West, with little prescribing of it in Asia and Africa.
Economic Globalization and Gender
Authors: Moghadam Valentine M.
Published: April 2016

Studies by feminist social scientists as well as activists within transnational feminist networks have shown that globalization, flexibilization, and feminization have been interconnected processes, with unequal gender relations and female subordination underpinning the growth of low‐wage jobs as more women have entered the labor market. From an early focus on the exploitative nature of the new global economy, feminist scholarship has branched out to include studies of the variety of women's economic participation, the ways by which gender matters to the global economy, and the strategies women have deployed to challenge or renegotiate their economic conditions.
Women's and Feminist Activism in
A
boriginal
A
ustralia and
T
orres
S
trait
I
slands
Authors: Dudgeon Pat , Bray Abigail
Published: April 2016

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women continue to be at the forefront of decolonization and the Australian civil rights movement. Although the history of Aboriginal women's activism has been suppressed, and is largely unwritten, it is now being reclaimed. Aboriginal women in Australia continue to unite against the theft of their land, the forced removal of their children, enforced poverty, workplace exploitation, and all forms of racist discrimination. Healing the intergenerational trauma caused by colonialism is also a priority.
Structuralism, Feminist Approaches to
Authors: Warner Sam
Published: April 2016

According to structuralism human knowledge and understanding is derived from linguistic signs that operate socially and unconsciously in binary oppositions such as man/woman. Feminist critiques of structuralism have challenged the phallocentrism of such theories, in which women are always already depicted as being that which is wrong, lacking, or absent. Some feminists have argued that the female body (rather than the phallus) should be the starting point for developing a female language and focus regarding femininity and female desire. Feminist poststructuralist critiques have argued that any form of biological determinism ultimately reinforces that which it seeks to challenge. As such, it is argued that gender should be seen as an effect of culture and not the grounds on which culture is built. This decentering of gender as the starting point for feminism reflects tensions arising out of differences between women and gave rise to the third wave of feminism and radical developments in queer theory, critical race theory, and in respect of understanding child sexual abuse. Current concerns have returned to embodied feminism and move between individualized and collectivized theories and activisms.
Sex Discrimination
Authors: Heilman Madeline , Manzi Francesca
Published: April 2016

Sex discrimination refers to the unfavorable treatment of men and women because of their sex. It is most often pertinent to employment situations. Critical to the occurrence of discrimination are gender stereotypes and the gender‐type of the occupation. When a job is viewed as male‐typed, women are expected to be ill‐equipped to perform it successfully. There is some debate as to whether or not similar consequences are observed for men when the job is female in gender‐type. In each case, the biased judgments and resulting discriminatory practices stem from the perceived mismatch between what women and men are thought to be like and the requirements deemed necessary for success in gender‐incongruent jobs.
Gender Schema Theory
Authors: Davis Tracy , Wilson Justin M.
Published: April 2016

Gender schema theory describes how individuals process information related to gender. Accordingly, the theory posits that some people develop a lens through which phenomenon is sorted in terms of gender (sex‐typed) whereas others do not (non‐sex‐typed). A gender schema serves essentially as a cognitive filter through which one categorizes personal characteristics into masculine and feminine categories. Moreover, sex‐typed individuals are described as having a tendency to decide, on the basis of gender, which personal attributes are going to be associated with their self‐concept and which will not. Being schematic with regard to gender means having a readiness to sort information into gender categories even though differences could be grouped on dimensions unrelated to gender. Gender schema theory is not a global theory that claims to predict every part of an individual's gender psychology. Rather, it proposes to describe how people assimilate to cultural templates related to gender or become sex‐typed. Contemporary conceptions of gender identity challenge gender schema theory by illuminating critical factors such as identity dimension intersectionality, historical influences, and contextual fluidity.
LGBT
Activism among
M
āori
Authors: Kerekere Elizabeth
Published: April 2016

ori who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, intersex, and queer (LGBTIQ) began forming networks from the 1950s and have featured prominently in LGBTIQ and other activism ever since. The development of feminism, lesbian feminism, and gay liberation in parallel with the renaissance of Māori language and culture and assertion of Māori land rights since the 1970s ensured that issues of indigeneity remain topical within LGBTIQ organizations. The first Māori‐specific LGBTIQ organization, Te Roopu Tautoko, was established in 1988 to provide sexual health services. Since the late 1980s, Māori LGBTIQ have increasingly adopted “takatāpui” – a traditional Māori term meaning intimate companion of the same sex – as an indigenous and inclusive framework within which to identify personally and organize nationally. The Takatāpui organization, Tīwhanawhana Trust, exemplifies weaving together of Māori and LGBTIQ communities to promote the identities, health, and well‐being of takatāpui.
Civil Rights Law and Gender in theUnitedStates
Authors: Rodriguez Monique N. , Guerra Lia D.
Published: April 2016

The Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection Clause and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 protect against discrimination on the basis of gender among other things. Since the civil rights movement during the 1960s, there appears to be a disconnection between gender and civil rights and the organization of gender hierarchy in our society. Gender hierarchy organizes society and many argue that an Equal Rights Amendment is urgently needed, seeking a different way to approach gender equality and civil rights.
Eating Disorders and Disordered Eating
Authors: Coto Christina
Published: April 2016

Cultural gender roles have been recognized as significant in the cause and expression of disordered eating. Social pressures and media impact women's perceptions of thinness as the feminine ideal.
Politics of Representation
Authors: Ghosh Sanjukta T.
Published: April 2016

The politics of representation refers to the struggle in society over the meaning of images and depictions in a specific culture. It reveals the power relations and power structures in our society. Representations of marginalized groups such as women and racial and sexual minorities have become significant arenas of such debates, demonstrating how power structures work and how political power is maintained.
Hip‐Hop/Rap
Authors: Dormani Carmela Muzio
Published: April 2016

Hip‐hop is a cultural movement encompassing four main elements: graffiti art, break dancing, DJing, and rapping (MCing). Hip‐hop emerged in the 1970s in the Bronx, New York, as the product of a rich combination of cultural and musical influences. The term “hip‐hop” is often used interchangeably with “rap” to refer to the musical form in which lyrics are spoken over rhythmic beats created by looping musical breaks on a turntable. Since its inception, hip‐hop has spread internationally and become one of the most influential and commercially profitable cultural industries in the world.
Environment and Gender
Authors: Hirao Keiko
Published: April 2016

The human–nature relation is substantially mediated through gender. The connection between gender and the environment was first brought up in the context of developmental policies in accordance with the international women's movement as a critical appraisal of the male‐centered Western philosophy, science, and technology. Gender mainstreaming and feminist scholarship have encouraged the assimilation of gender‐disaggregated data that reveals how the human–nature relation is mediated through gender. Women are more vulnerable to the effects of natural disasters and climate change, primarily because women constitute the majority of the poor, and are more dependent on livelihoods that rely on natural resources, which are directly affected by climate change. On the other hand, women are the ones who lead protests against environmental pollution. Women are reported to make up 60–80 percent of the membership of mainstream environmental organizations and even more in grassroots organizations. Women are reported to hold stronger pro‐environmental values, beliefs, and attitudes than do men. The gender difference in environmental attitude and involvement in environmental movements is arguably due to the gendered division of household labor that make women responsible for the health and maintenance of households, making them the first to notice environmental dangers.
Kinship
Authors: Henderson Kevin
Published: April 2016

Kinship frequently denotes the network of social and political relationships that are formed out of familial ties through rules governing marriage, reproduction, and descent. Historically, kinship has referred to the social organization of sexual relationships through sanction and taboo. However, new scholarship on kinship has attempted to think explicitly about political and social belonging and the reproduction of material life outside the circuits of sexuality and biological reproduction, or, at least, outside the networks of heterosexual sexuality and the nuclear family. Kinship now often refers to the social, communal, or intimate bonds that are formed out of the metaphors of family and friendship. The entry covers feminist critiques of kinship studies, gay and lesbian and queer kinship studies, and the ways in which biological kinship categories remain important to modern nation states.
Women as Producers of Culture
Authors: Kidd Dustin
Published: April 2016

This entry reviews women's participation in the labor force for various forms of cultural production including film, television, literature, music, digital culture, and the fine arts.
Gender and History of Revolutions in
N
orthern
A
frica
Authors: Rossiter Geraldine
Published: April 2016

As the North African states of Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Morocco, Algeria, and Sudan all struggled to achieve independence from colonial rule, women asserted their historical and civil right to participate in the achievement of national self‐determination. Through political activism, participation in traditional conflict roles, and active military engagement, Muslim women were absorbed into the nationalist struggle for independence. Although their contributions were recognized, acknowledgment of women's rights was often absent from revolutionary rhetoric. Rather, gender equality goals were co‐opted into a hegemonic cultural value system that sought to provide a unique identity distinct from Western colonial philosophy. Once independence had been achieved, all other social movements were required to become subservient to the primary national cause, essentially dooming each revolution to eventual failure. The key to the long‐term success of any revolution is to include the rights and individual liberties of women within its ideological rhetoric and objectives, and to maintain a commitment to their inclusion in the post‐revolutionary state.
Battered Women
Authors: Ake Jami
Published: April 2016

“Battered women” became a recognizable identity and platform for activism as the Battered Women's Movement emerged during the second wave of feminism in the 1970s and 1980s. Theoretical understandings of battered women have evolved from psychological assessments of learned helplessness to models that view battered women as survivors operating within larger systems of oppression. Legal changes since the 1970s have defined battering as a crime and battered women as victims eligible for criminal and civil justice remedies. Most recently, the term “battered women” has become limited in its ability to account for an expanded, intersectional understanding of those who have suffered from intimate partner violence, including transgender people and men.
Comfort Women
Authors: Wysocki Diane Kholos
Published: April 2016

During World War II, over 200,000 women were forced into prostitution. These women, called comfort women, were beaten, raped, and held prisoner by the Japanese military. By 1932, the first state‐sanctioned comfort stations were set up. The treatment of women by the Japanese military was barbaric and involved each women having sex with up to 100 men a day. Japan destroyed the files about comfort women, but in the 1990s women started breaking their silence and telling their stories.
Critical Race Theory
Authors: Rollock Nicola , Dixson Adrienne D.
Published: April 2016

Critical Race Theory (CRT) is a body of scholarship steeped in radical activism that seeks to explore and challenge the prevalence of racial inequality in society. Central to CRT is the understanding that race and racism are the product of social thought and power relations. Racism is understood to operate through structures and assumptions that appear normal and unremarkable to most individuals in society. This entry sets out the historic beginnings of CRT, the central tenets of the theory, and key criticisms often leveled against it. Recent developments and movements associated with CRT are also considered.
Stigma
Authors: Cabaniss Emily R.
Published: April 2016

Following the publication of Erving Goffman's bookStigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity, research on the creation, sources, experiences, and consequences of stigma have proliferated in the social sciences. Defining stigma alternately as “an attribute that is deeply discrediting” and as a relationship between an “attribute and stereotype,” Goffman argued that stigma should be seen as a situational condition that arises when normative expectations are violated. Recent scholarship has emphasized the ways in which stigma is implicated in the reproduction of inequality, including the marginalization of those who violate normative expectations for gender and sexuality in patriarchal and heteronormative/heterosexist societies.
Right‐Wing Women's Movements
Authors: Simões Solange
Published: April 2016

Right‐wing women's movements encompass a variety of past and current, social and political movements and groups, organized across the world, autonomously, or as women's sections of larger organizations (such as political parties), whose composition is solely or mostly made up of women informed by a variety of right‐wing ideologies and active participants in right‐wing action. Right‐wing women's movements have often been organized around a combined number of right‐wing issues, including active support of fascist and authoritarian regimes, anti‐communism, racism, and conservative religious values, Christian, Hindu, or Islamic. In the last decades, right‐wing women's organizations have rallied around social conservative issues (such as against abortion rights), but also engaged in the promotion of neoliberal, pro‐market, and anti‐state roles in the economy and social policies. These right‐wing segments of the women's movement and organizations have promoted traditional gender roles and ideology, and have been, most often but not always, anti‐feminist.
Feminist Literary Criticism
Authors: Bell Erin
Published: April 2016

Feminist literary criticism is a method for the analysis and interpretation of literary texts and other cultural productions through the lens of feminist theories. Just as the feminist movement is often categorized into first, second, and third waves, feminist literary criticism is organized into several categories. Considering the numerous points of view and movements within feminist literary criticism, there is not a singular form of feminist literary theory. Instead, feminist literary critics continue to explore diverse directions in how gender has a role in epistemological practices and representations.
Charge‐Carrier Density Independent Mobility in Amorphous Fluorene‐Triarylamine Copolymers
Authors: Campbell Alasdair J. , Rawcliffe Ruth , Guite Alexander , Faria Jorge Costa Dantas , Mukherjee Abhimanyu , McLachlan Martyn A. , Shkunov Maxim , Bradley Donal D. C.
Published: April 2016

A charge‐carrier density dependent mobility has been predicted for amorphous, glassy energetically disordered semiconducting polymers, which would have considerable impact on their performance in devices. However, previous observations of a density dependent mobility are complicated by the polycrystalline materials studied. Here charge transport in field‐effect transistors and diodes of two amorphous, glassy fluorene‐triarylamine copolymers is investigated, and the results explored in terms of a charge‐carrier density dependent mobility model. The nondispersive nature of the time‐of‐flight (TOF) transients and analysis of dark injection transient results and transistor transfer characteristics indicate a charge‐carrier density independent mobility in both the low‐density diode and the high‐density transistor regimes. The mobility values for optimized transistors are in good agreement with the TOF values at the same field, and both have the same temperature dependency. The measured transistor mobility falls two to three orders of magnitude below that predicted from the charge‐carrier density dependent model, and does not follow the expected power‐law relationship. The experimental results for these two amorphous polymers are therefore consistent with a charge‐carrier density independent mobility, and this is discussed in terms of polaron‐dominated hopping and interchain correlated disorder.
Joint effects of genetic variants and residential proximity to pesticide applications on hypospadias risk
Authors: Carmichael Suzan L. , Yang Wei , Ma Chen , Roberts Eric , Kegley Susan , English Paul , Lammer Edward J. , Witte John S. , Shaw Gary M.
Published: April 2016

Background

We examined risks associated with joint exposure of gene variants and pesticides.

Methods

Analyses included 189 cases and 390 male controls born from 1991 to 2003 in California's San Joaquin Valley. We used logistic regression to examine risks associated with joint exposures of gene variants and pesticides that our previous work identified as associated with hypospadias. Genetic variables were based on variants in DGKK, genes involved in sex steroid synthesis/metabolism, and genes involved in genital tubercle development. Pesticide exposure was based on residential proximity to commercial agricultural pesticide applications.

Results

Odds ratios (ORs) were highest among babies with joint exposures, who had two‐ to fourfold increased risks; for example, the OR was 3.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8–16.5) among subjects with the risk‐associated DGKK haplotype and pesticide exposure; OR, 1.5 (95% CI, 0.7–3.1) among subjects with the haplotype and no pesticide exposure; and OR, 0.9 (95% CI, 0.5–1.6) among subjects without the haplotype but with pesticide exposure, relative to subjects with neither. However, results did not provide statistical evidence that these risks were significantly greater than expected on an additive scale, relative to risks associated with one exposure at a time.

Conclusion

We observed elevated risks associated with joint exposures to selected pesticides and genetic variants but no statistical evidence for interaction. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:653–658, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel automated course generation system embedded in the online lecturing platform for higher education
Authors: Osamnia Mohamed , Okada Hitoshi , Berena Arjulie J. , Ueno Haruki , Chunwijitra Sila
Published: April 2016

This study proposes a novel automated course generation system embedded in an online lecturing platform to create electronic course content from online lectures for higher education. The purpose of the system is to make the e‐content development faster by synchronizing the lecturer video stream and the presentation slide, based on a series of events in real‐time, automatically. The system detects events during the online lecture, such as slide changing, cursor positioning and video quality changing, and links them to the exact position of the recorded video stream to appear as it was in the real presentation. The system implements an authoring algorithm, namely the Course Generation (CG) algorithm which allows fast and fully automatic authoring process. Furthermore, the created contents are integrated into a web‐based learning environment, which is an important step on the long way to making learning more time and space independent as a concept of Internet of Everything (IoE) in education. A practical usage of the system is also presented, which demonstrated its usefulness and effectiveness in developing e‐contents in higher education. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 24:586–598, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21734
Community Identity Increases Urban Residents' In‐group Emergency Helping Intention
Authors: Yang Zhixu , Xin Ziqiang
Published: April 2016

The current study examined how time pressure and community identity affected urban residents' in‐group emergency helping intention with a sample of 88 Chinese urban residents from a common community. Firstly, we instructed participants to fill out the Community Identity Scale. Following this, we set a hypothesized scenario, in which they met a fainted person in community when they left the community either in a hurry or not, to measure helping intention. It was found that time pressure had little impact on urban residents' in‐group helping intention, whereas community identity increased in‐group helping intention. Moreover, emotional identity but not functional identity positively predicted in‐group helping intention. These findings and their implications for community psychology were discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improve safety, decrease liability by investing the time in reassessing security at sports arenas, stadiums
Authors: O'Brien Timothy
Published: April 2016

Mass shootings in movie theaters and malls and terrorist attacks in crowded venues have unfortunately become part of our reality, both here and overseas. The tragedy in Paris even included an attack on a crowded soccer stadium — although it was thwarted, fortunately.
Cooperation is key to a successful public safety department
Authors: Miles David
Published: April 2016

It goes without saying that cooperation in the field of public safety is the most important factor in making you and your department stand out from others. Cooperation is defined as an act or instance of working or acting together for a common purpose or benefit. So where does cooperation start and why is it important?
Uncovering Intramolecular π‐Type Hydrogen Bonds in Solution by NMR Spectroscopy and DFT Calculations
Authors: Mastrorilli Piero , Gallo Vito , Todisco Stefano , Latronico Mario , Saielli Giacomo
Published: April 2016

Reaction between the phosphinito bridged diplatinum species [(PHCy2)Pt(μ‐PCy2){κ2P,O‐μ‐P(O)Cy2}Pt(PHCy2)](Pt–Pt) (1), and (trimethylsilyl)acetylene at 273 K affords the σ‐acetylide complex [(PHCy2)(η1‐Me3SiC≡C)Pt(μ‐PCy2)Pt(PHCy2){κP‐P(OH)Cy2}](Pt–Pt) (2) featuring an intramolecular π‐type hydrogen bond. Scalar and dipolar couplings involving the POH proton were detected by 2D NMR experiments. Relativistic DFT calculations of the geometry, relative energy, and NMR properties of model systems of 2 confirmed the structural assignment and allowed the energy of the π‐type hydrogen bond to be estimated (ca. 22 kJ mol−1).
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF LITHIUM SILICIDE (LI14SI6(LI2.33SI)), THE PURPLE PHASE IN THE LITHIUM‐SILICON SYSTEM
Authors: VON SCHNERING H. G. , NESPER R. , TEBBE K.‐F. , CURDA J.
Published: April 2016

Die früher als "Li,Si" bezeichnete violette Phase ist nicht monoklin, sondern trigonal‐rhomboedrisch (RG Räm) und die Zusammensetzung ist Li,‐33 Si.
ChemInform Abstract: ON THE METASTABLE PHASE GOLD‐SILICON (AU4SI)
Authors: ELLNER M. , PREDEL B.
Published: April 2016

Die zwischen Au82Si18 und Au80Si20 einphasige Titelphase wird durch rasches Abkühlen geschmolzener Au‐Si‐Legierungen auf Raumtemp. (splat cooling) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION OF SULFUR DIOXIDE ON INERT ELECTRODES IN ACETONITRILE SOLUTIONS
Authors: GERONOV Y. , MOSHTEV R. V. , PURESHEVA B.
Published: April 2016

Zum besseren Verständnis des Kathodenprozesses in primären Li/SO, ‐ Zellen wird die Reduktion von SO, an Pt‐ und glasigen C‐Elektroden in MeCN/O.1 M LiBr‐Lösungen chronopotentiometrisch und chronovoltamperometrisch in einem weiten SO,‐Konzentrationsbereich untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF NONADECASULFUR BIS(HEXAFLUOROARSENATE) AND AN ESR AND ABSORPTION SPECTRAL STUDY OF SOLUTIONS CONTAINING THE NONADECASULFUR(2+) CATION AND RELATED SYSTEMS
Authors: BURNS R. C. , GILLESPIE R. J. , SAWYER J. F.
Published: April 2016

Die früher als S16 (AsF6)2 formulierte Verbindung (aus AsFs und trockenem S in einer 2:1‐ Mischung von SO2 und SO2ClF bei 25°C, 3‐4 h) besitzt, wie Röntgenstrukturuntersuchungen zeigen, tatsächlich die Stöchiometrie S,9(AsF6 )2.
ChemInform Abstract: IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF (I2+)(SB2F11‐) AND (BR2+)(SB3F16‐) AND MAGNETIC, SPECTROSCOPIC, AND SOME CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE DIHALOGEN CATIONS DIIODINE(1+) AND DIBROMINE(1+)
Authors: WILSON W. W. , THOMPSON R. C. , AUBKE F.
Published: April 2016

Die Oxidation von Br, und I, durch S,06F′, im Molverhältnis 2:1 und anschließende Solvolyse in überschüssigem SbFs stellen einen einfachen, direkten Weg zu den reinen Titelverbindungen dar (Ausb.‐Angaben in g).
ChemInform Abstract: OXOVANADATES WITH MIXED VALENCE. I. A NEW STRUCTURE TYPE FOR BARIUM OXOVANADATE (BAV10O15)
Authors: CHALES DE BEAULIEU D. , MUELLER‐BUSCHBAUM HK. +
Published: April 2016

Ein neuer Strukturtyp für die Verbindung BaV10O15, die durch Hochtemp.‐Reaktion A dargestellt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF TAH(P(C6H5)2)2((CH3)2PC2H4P(CH3)2)2, A METAL HYDRIDE OF THE TYPE MHL2(BIDENTATE PHOSPHINE)2N+ HAVING A PENTAGONAL‐BIPYRAMIDAL STRUCTURE
Authors: DOMAILLE P. J. , FOXMAN B. M. , MCNEESE T. J. , WREFORD S. S.
Published: April 2016

Die 1:2‐molare Umsetzung von Dichloro‐bis‐[bis‐1,2 (dimethylphosphino)‐ethan]‐Ta mit K‐diphenylphosphid‐2 Dioxan in THF bei 0°C führt zu dem IR‐ und NMR‐spektroskopisch charakterisierten Titelkomplex (I).
ChemInform Abstract: COMPLETION OF KOERNER′S PROOF THAT THE HYDROGENS OF BENZENE ARE HOMOTOPIC. AN APPLICATION OF GROUP THEORY
Authors: MCBRIDE J. M.
Published: April 2016

Der von Wilhelm Koerner bereits 1869 elegant geführte Beweis, daß die 6 Positionen des Benzolkerns ‐ bzw. die 6 A‐Atome ‐ äquivalent seien, wird hinsichtlich eines Fehlers, der für die Richtigkeit des Beweises unerheblich ist, korrigiert und gleichzeitig gruppentheoretisch bestätigt.
ChemInform Abstract: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF FERRICHROME AND A COMPARISON WITH THE STRUCTURE OF FERRICHROME A
Authors: VAN DER HELM D. , BAKER J. R. , ENG‐WILMOT D. L. , HOSSAIN M. B. , LOGHRY R. A.
Published: April 2016

Das Fe(III)‐Ionophor Ferrichrom des Brandpilzes Ustilago sphaerogena wird aus Eisenkulturen isoliert und durch Anionenaustausch und Silicagel‐Chromatographie gereinigt.
ChemInform Abstract: A MIXED‐LIGAND COMPLEX OF QUADRUPLY BONDED DITUNGSTEN(II): BIS(2,4‐DIMETHYL‐6‐OXOPYRIMIDINE)BIS(1,3‐DIPHENYLTRIAZENO)DITUNGSTEN
Authors: COTTON F. A. , ILSLEY W. H. , KAIM W.
Published: April 2016

Der Versuch, durch Reaktion mit dem Li‐Salz von 1,3‐Diphenyltriazin in THF die Liganden in W2L4 (HL: 2,4‐Dimethyl‐6‐hydroxypyrimidin) auszutauschen, lieferte nur die partiell substituierte Titelverbindung, in der die Triazin‐Liganden trans‐Stellung haben.
ChemInform Abstract: COVALENT ATTACHMENT OF ARENES TO TIN OXIDE (SNO2)‐SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRODES
Authors: FOX M. A. , NOBS F. J. , VOYNICK T. A.
Published: April 2016

Mittels verschiedener Methoden (Veresterung, Silanierung, Silanierung/Amidierung oder Cyanurchlorid als verknüpfendes Reagenz) werden eine Reihe von Aryl‐derivatisierten SnOZ‐Halbleiterelektroden dargestellt und vor allem hinsichtlich ihrer Verwendbarkeit als Anoden in photogalvanischen Zellen untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: EVIDENCE FOR SOLID‐LIQUID PHASE‐TRANSFER CATALYSIS
Authors: QUICI S. , REGEN S. L.
Published: April 2016

Die Reaktion von Octylbromid (I) zum Nitril (II) mit Cyanidionen in Gegenwart von verschiedenen Phasen‐Transfer‐ Katalysatoren wird ausführlich untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF 1,1‐DIARYLETHYLENES AND 1,1‐DIARYLIMINES WITH CF3OF
Authors: PATRICK T. B. , CANTRELL G. L. , INGA S. M.
Published: April 2016

1,1‐Diphenylethylen (I) reagiert mit dem Perfluormethylhypofluorit (II) zu einem Gemisch der Addukte (III)‐(VII).
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF BILIVERDIN IXΔ AS A MODEL FOR THE STUDY OF THE PHOTOPRODUCTS FROM NATURAL BILIVERDIN IXΓ (PTEROBILIN)
Authors: BOIS‐CHOUSSY M. , BARBIER M.
Published: April 2016

Die Konfigurationen von Biliverdin‐IXry‐ (Ia) und JXÖ‐dimethylester (Ib) werden untersucht (Kern‐Overhauser‐Effekt).
ChemInform Abstract: A PREDICTOR OF REACTIVITY IN ALLOWED PHOTODIMERIZATIONS AND PHOTOCYCLOADDITIONS
Authors: CALDWELL R. A.
Published: April 2016

Für [2+2]‐ und [4+4]Singulettreaktionen wird auf der Basis des Michl‐Modells ein Algorrythmus der Form 7(rC) = (E%+ Erllä‐Eg?c′ abgeleitet [mit 7(rC) = Resonanzintegral für die Wechselwirkung von C(2p)‐Orbitalen im Abstand ′rc, ET=Triplettenergien der Reaktanden A und B, Eg=Singulettenergie des angeregten Reaktanden A, c2 = Summe der HOMO‐ und LUMO‐Orbitalkoeffizientenprodukte], der bekannte Photoreaktivitäten gut wiedergibt, wie an einer Reihe von Literaturdaten nachgewiesen wird.
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATION OF 2,6‐DIMETHOXYPHENOL WITH 2,6‐DI‐TERT‐BUTYL‐4‐PROPIONYLPHENOXY RADICAL. EVIDENCE FOR THE FORMATION OF AN INTERMEDIATE “RADICAL PAIR”
Authors: BRUNOW G.
Published: April 2016

Das Phenol (II) wird durch das Titelradikal (III) bei Temperaturen unter ‐10°C zu einem stabilen Intermediärprodukt oxidiert (kein ESR), dessen Erwärmen auf ‐4°C zur Bildung von Coerulignon (I) und Poly‐2,ö‐dimethoxyphenylenoxid führt (Ausb. ca. 50%).
ChemInform Abstract: AROMATIZATION OF 1,4‐DIHYDROBENZOCYCLOALKENES, 1,4‐DIHYDRONAPHTHOCYCLOALKENES, AND RELATED SYSTEMS
Authors: THUMMEL R. P. , CRAVEY W. E. , CANTU D. B.
Published: April 2016

Dicyanodichlorchinon (II) reagiert mit 1,4‐Dihydroaromaten wie Verbindung (I) glatt zu den Aromaten (III) und dem Hydrochinon (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: POLYMER‐BASED SENSITIZERS FOR PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS. SILICA GEL AS A SUPPORT
Authors: TAMAGAKI S. , LIESNER C. E. , NECKERS D. C.
Published: April 2016

Das, wie im Formelschema skizziert, hergestellte silylierte Kieselgel (III) wird mit Bengalrosa (IV) zum Derivat (V) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATION OF ALCOHOLS TO CARBONYL COMPOUNDS WITH CHROMIUM(V) REAGENTS
Authors: CHAKRABORTY T. K. , CHANDRASEKARAN S.
Published: April 2016

Der aus Chromtrioxid mit 1,10‐Phenanthrolin‐hydrochlorid in konz. HCl erhaltene Komplex (I) liefert bei 80°C den Komplex (II).
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECTS OF PHENYL AND ALKYL SUBSTITUTIONS ON THE HYDROGENATION OF ALLENE WITH DIIMIDE
Authors: OKUYAMA T. , TOYOSHIMA K. , FUENO T.
Published: April 2016

Der Einfluß der Substituenten auf die Hydrierung von Allenen (I) mit Diimid zu Gemischen aus den Olefinen (II) und (III) wird diskutiert.
ChemInform Abstract: FACILE SYNTHESES OF SPECIFICALLY DEUTERATED β‐MYRCENE AND α‐PINENE
Authors: STENSTROEM Y. , SKATTEBOEL L.
Published: April 2016

Der durch partielle Ozonierung von β‐Myrcen (I) und NaBH4‐Reduktion des Ozonids dargestellte instabile Alkohol (II) wird auf bekanntem Wege über das Iodid (Ausb. 63%) in das Phosphoniumsalz (III) (77%) übergeführt; eine Wittig‐Reaktion des aus (III) erhaltenen Ylids mit Perdeuteroaceton liefert das markierte β‐Myrcen (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: REINVESTIGATION OF THE BEHAVIOUR OF BENZAL‐ANILS TOWARDS THE ACTION OF KCN
Authors: ABD EL GAWAD I. I. , HARHASH A. E.‐H. , ABOU EL‐ZAHAB M. M. M.
Published: April 2016

Die Reaktion von KCN mit Benzal‐anilen vom Typ (I) in AcOH führt zu Nitrilen vom Typ (IV); über die Produkte der gleichen Reaktion in EtOH liegen dagegen widerspiüchliche Literaturangaben vor.
ChemInform Abstract: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FOR NONSQUARE CYCLOBUTADIENE AS A CHEMICALLY SIGNIFICANT INTERMEDIATE IN SOLUTION
Authors: WHITMAN D. W. , CARPENTER B. K.
Published: April 2016

Für den eleganten Nachweis, daß Cyclobutadien in Lösung nicht quadratisch, sondern in Dzh‐Struktur vorliegt, werden das Fe‐carbonyl (IV) mit nachgewiesen quadratischem Cyclobutanring und das Diaza‐Dewar‐benzol (VII) benutzt (jeweils nur schematische Darstellung angegeben).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES OF TRICYCLO(5.2.1.04,8)DECANE (2‐HOMOBRENDANE)
Authors: JAEGGI F. J. + , BUCHS P. , GANTER C.
Published: April 2016

Mehrere Synthesewege für die Titelverbindung (IIIb), ausgehend von der Verbindung (Ia) (Gemisch von 2 Isomeren; Darstellung angegeben)bzw. ihren Derivaten (Ib)‐(Id) werden beschrieben: 1. Wolff‐Kishner‐Reduktion (WKR) des Cyclisierungsproduktes (IIIa) gibt (IIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON THE SYNTHESES OF ANALGESICS. VIII. ON THE REDUCTION OF 2‐AMINOMETHYL‐3‐ANILINO‐2‐CYCLOHEXEN‐1‐ONES
Authors: KATO T. , KAWAI K. , SAWA Y.
Published: April 2016

Durch Lithiumaluminiumhydrid‐Reduktion der analgetisch und narkotisch wirkenden Aminomethyl‐anilino‐cyclohexenone (I) werden die Verbindungen (II)‐(IV) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION METHOD AND PROPERTIES OF UNSYMMETRICALLY DISUBSTITUTED GLYCOLIC ACIDS
Authors: MASHEVSKAYA M. S. , VAKHRIN M. I.
Published: April 2016

Die durch Umsetzung von Phenyl‐glyoxylsäure‐amiden mit Alkylgrignard‐Verbindungen erhaltenen Glykolsäure‐amide (I) werden durch saure oder alkalische Verseitfung in die Glykolsäuren (II) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF O‐AMINOTHIOPHENOLS
Authors: CHEDEKEL M. R. , SHARP D. E. , JEFFERY G. A.
Published: April 2016

Durch reduktive Desaminierung der Aminobenzthiazole (I) werden die Benzthjazole (II) erhalten, die mit Hydrazinhydrat zu den o‐Aminothiophenolen (III) gespalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: POTENTIAL ANTI‐INFLAMMATORY AGENTS: SYNTHESIS AND PHARMACOLOGY OF 5‐ARYL‐3‐(4′‐METHOXYPHENYL)VALERAMIDES
Authors: CHATURVEDI D. N. , NARAYAN R. , KULKARNI R. A.
Published: April 2016

Durch Huang‐Minlon‐Reduktion der Ketosäuren (I) werden die Säuren (IIa) und aus diesen direkt oder über die Säurechloride (IIb) oder die Ester (IIc) die Diphenylvaleramide (IId) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: REDUCTIVE ALKYLATION OF 2,5‐DIMETHOXYBENZOIC ACID: A DIRECT SYNTHESIS OF DIHYDROFLUOREN‐2‐ONES
Authors: HOOK J. M. , MANDER L. N.
Published: April 2016

Aus 2,5‐Dimethoxy‐benzoesäure entsteht das Dilithio‐Derivat (I), das mit entsprechenden Benzylbromiden zu den Substitutionsprodukten (II) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF SOME REACTIONS OF 1,2‐THIOEPOXY‐3‐(9‐CARBAZOLYL)PROPANE
Authors: MULLIN V. A. , ZOLOTOV A. N. , SHISHKINA V. I.
Published: April 2016

Das Epoxid (I) reagiert mit Kaliumrhodanid oder Thjoharnstoff in Schwefelsäure zum Thioepoxid (II), das auch aus Carbazol (IV) und dem Thioepoxid (V) erhalten werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: DERIVATIZATION OF PHENYLBUTAZONE
Authors: HANNIG E. , KUEHN W.‐D. + , BOEHM R. +
Published: April 2016

Auf verschiedenen literaturbekannten Wegen werden über 70 4‐substituierte Phenylbutazone wie (I), (II), (III) und (IV) sowie einige Ringöffnungsprodukte (V) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐AMINATED PHENYLBUTAZONE
Authors: HANNIG E. , KUEHN W.‐D. + , BOEHM R. +
Published: April 2016

Auf dem im Formelschema skizzierten Weg wird das 4‐Amino‐phenylbutazon (II) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS OF SOME NEW 2‐ARYLNAPHTH(1,2‐D)OXAZOLE DERIVATIVES
Authors: ABBADY M. A.
Published: April 2016

Die Titelverbindungen (IIIa) bis (IIIc) werden auf drei Wegen durch Kondensation der Naphthaminole (I) mit den aromatischen Aldehyden (II) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES AND REACTIONS OF SPIROANTHRONETRIAZOLINES
Authors: HIRAKAWA K. , ITO T. , OKUBO Y. , NAKAZAWA S.
Published: April 2016

Die Chinonmethide (I) reagieren mit Arylaziden (II) zu den Spirocyclen (III) sowie den Nebenprodukten (IV) bis (VIII), deren Bildung begründet wird.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐DICARBONYL COMPOUNDS. XVI: 4,5‐DIHYDRO‐4‐OXOINDENO(1,2‐B)PYRAN‐2‐CARBOXYLIC ACID
Authors: GOERLITZER K. + , ENGLER E.
Published: April 2016

Ausgehend von Acetylindanon (I) wird mit Oxalsäureestern über (III) und (IVa) die Indenopyrancarbonsäure (IVb) synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐DICARBONYL COMPOUNDS. XV: 4,5‐DIHYDRO‐5‐ALKYL‐4‐OXOPYRANO(3,2‐B)INDOLES
Authors: GOERLITZER K. + , ENGLER E.
Published: April 2016

Die N‐Alkylanthranilsäuren (I) setzen sich mit Bromacetophenon (IIa) zu den Verbindungen (III) um, die mit Natriummethylat unter Ringschluß die Derivate (IVa) und (IVb) ergeben.
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS OF REGIOISOMERS OF DEHYDROACETIC ACIDS
Authors: POJE M.
Published: April 2016

Aus den Tetraketonen (III) erhält man mit Bleitetraacetat die Dehydroessigsäuren (V), während mit Phenyliodosodiacetat (II) die Isomeren (I) erhalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: LOCAL ANESTHETIC ACTIVITY OF SOME N‐DISUBSTITUTED 4,5′‐DIMETHYLANGELICIN GLYCINAMIDES
Authors: VALENTI P. , MONTANARI P. , SCAPINI G. , GIUSTI P. , CIMA L.
Published: April 2016

In vier Stufen werden durch Nitrierung, Reduktion, Amidierung und Aminierung aus dem Dimethylangelicin (I) die Glycinamide (II) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: FEATURES OF THE REACTION OF CINNAMIC ACID WITH 4‐ALKYLPHENOLS IN THE PRESENCE OF BORON TRIFLUORIDE
Authors: STARKOV S. P.
Published: April 2016

Zimtsäure (I) reagiert mit 4‐Alkylphenolen (II) in Gegenwart von Bortrifluorid oder Bromwasserstoffsäure zu den Dihydrocumarinen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF FURO(2,3‐C)ISOQUINOLINE DERIVATIVES
Authors: YAKUSHIJIN K.
Published: April 2016

Die Oxidation des Furoisochinolins (I) mit Brom oder Acetylnitrat führt zu der Carbonsäure (II), während bei der Umsetzung von (III) mit Acetylnitrat die Nitroverbindung (IV) und ein Dichlorderivat (V) erhalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: 2H‐CYCLOPENTA(D)PYRIDAZINES. POLYHALOGENATION STUDIES. EVIDENCE FOR A RADICAL L SUBSTITUTION WITH N‐CHLOROSUCCINIMIDE
Authors: ANDERSON A. G. JUN. , TOBER T. Y.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem N‐Methyl‐trichlorcyclopentapyridazin (III) erhält man mit N‐Chlorsuccinimid (II) je nach den eingesetzten Mengen der Verbindung (II) eine Chlorierung in der Methylgruppe zu den Derivaten (Ia)‐(Ic), während bei einer gleichzeitigen Bestrahlung die beiden Substitutionsprodukte (IV) und (V) erhalten werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND IDENTIFICATION OF ISOMERIC METHYLPYRAZINE DERIVATIVES
Authors: FUJII S. , MATSUMOTO M. , KOBATAKE H.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Kondensation zwischen Methylglyoxal (II) und den isomeren Amino‐zuckeroximen (I) bzw. (VIII) entstehen die beiden Kondensationsprodukte (III) und (IV) bzw. (IX) und (X).
ChemInform Abstract: SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS OF 6‐AMINO‐4‐METHYLSALICYLATES. I: NITROSATION AND NITRATION
Authors: BOEHME H. + , NEHNE J.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Nitrosierung des Morpholinosalicylsäureesters (II) entsteht als einziges Produkt das Mononitrosoderivat (I).
ChemInform Abstract: CONDENSED 1,2,4‐TRIAZINES, III
Authors: RAM V. J. , PANDEY H. K.
Published: April 2016

Durch Alkylierung des Mercaptotriazins (Ib) werden die Thioether (II) dargestellt, aus dem Chlorid (Ia) entstehen mit primären Aminen die Aminotriazine (III).
ChemInform Abstract: CONDENSATION OF BIGUANIDE SULFATE WITH POLYHALOGENATED ACETONES. XI
Authors: DAVYDOV A. V. , TORGUN I. N. , KNUNYANTS I. L.
Published: April 2016

Die polyhalogenierten Acetone (I) reagieren mit Biguanid‐sulfat (II) in Dimethylsulfoxid (III) zu den Addukten (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: NEW SYNTHESIS OF DIAZEPAM
Authors: GATES M.
Published: April 2016

Es wird eine einfache und mit hoher Gesamtausbeute verlaufende Synthese für Diazepam (V) aus dem Chlorisatosäureanhydrid (I) ausgearbeitet.
ChemInform Abstract: ION PAIRING IN METAL NITRATE COMPLEXES OF OPTICALLY ACTIVE CROWN ETHERS DETECTED BY CIRCULAR DICHROISM
Authors: MALPASS G. D. JUN. , PALMER R. A. , GHIRARDELLI R. G.
Published: April 2016

Aus optisch aktivem (2R,3R)‐2,3‐Butan‐diol (I) erhält man das Bis‐cyanoethyl‐Derivat (IIa), dessen Nitrilgruppe über Ester und Carbinol zum Bis‐brosylat (IId) umgewandelt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SOME DATA ON THE SYNTHESIS OF VINYLSILANES
Authors: SHELUDYAKOV V. D. , ZHUN' V. I. , TURKEL'TAUB G. N. , POLYAKOVA M. A. , KUZNETSOVA M. G. , MIRONOV V. F.
Published: April 2016

Setzt man Vinyl‐trichlor‐silan (I) mit äquimolaren Mengen von Vinylmagnesium‐chlorid (II) in Tetrahydrofuran um, dann erhält man ‐neben nicht umgesetztem Vinylsilan (I) ‐ Divinyl‐dichlorsilan (III), Trivinyl‐chlorsilan (IV) und Tetravinyl‐silan (V).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND STEREOCHEMISTRY OF DIHALIDES OF METHYLENEDIALKYLPHOSPHINOUS ACIDS
Authors: PRISHCHENKO A. A. , NOVIKOVA Z. S. , LUTSENKO I. F.
Published: April 2016

Die Grignardverbindungen (I) reagieren mit Tetrachlormethylen‐diphosphin (II) zu den Derivaten (III).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF FUCHSONE WITH DI‐ AND TRIALKYLPHOSPHITES
Authors: SHERMOLOVICH YU. G. , MARKOVSKII L. N. , KOPEL'TSIV YU. A. , KOLESNIKOV V. T.
Published: April 2016

Fuchson (I) reagiert mit Trialkylphosphiten (II) in einer 1,6‐Addition zu den Verbindungen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF PHOSPHOROUS ACID HEXAETHYLTRIAMIDE WITH CHLORANIL
Authors: MIZRAKH L. I. , POLONSKAYA L. YU. , BABUSHKINA T. A. , OGORODNIKOVA V. V. , IVANOVA T. M.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Einwirkung des Triamids (I) auf Chloranil (II) entsteht das sehr stabile Addukt (III), das mit HCl das Salz (IV) bildet.
ChemInform Abstract: ALCOHOLYSIS AND HYDROLYSIS OF ACID AMIDES, AMIDO ESTERS OF PHOSPHONOUS ACIDS
Authors: ANDREEV N. A. , GRISHINA O. N.
Published: April 2016

Die Alkoholyse der Verbindungen (I) liefert die Phosphonite (II).
ChemInform Abstract: PHOSPHORYLATION OF INDOLES BY AMIDOPHOSPHITES
Authors: RAZUMOV A. I. , GUREVICH P. A. , MUSLIMOV S. A. , KOMINA T. V. , ZYKOVA T. V. , SALAKHUTDINOV R. A.
Published: April 2016

Die Phosphorylierung des Indols (I) mit den Phosphorverbindungen (II) liefert das in 1‐Stellung substituierte Derivat (III).
ChemInform Abstract: PHENYLSELENENYL CHLORIDE AS A REAGENT FOR THE FACILE PREPARATION OF CYCLIC ETHERS FROM DIOLEFINS
Authors: UEMURA S. , TOSHIMITSU A. , AOAI T. , OKANO M.
Published: April 2016

Diene reagieren mit Phenylselenylchlorid (II) in wässrigem Acetonitril zu cyclischen Ethern bzw. entsprechenden Reaktionsgemischen.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF 1,2‐, 1,3‐DICHLOROPROPANOL AND SELENETAN‐3‐OL
Authors: ASHUROV D. A.
Published: April 2016

In einem mit einem Diaphragma versehenen Elektrolysiergerät mit Graphitelektroden füllt man den Anodenraum mit Allylchlorid (I) und den Kathodenraum mit Selen und Epichlorhydrin (V).
ChemInform Abstract: ADDITION OF ORGANOZINC COMPOUNDS TO C:C BONDS. III. ADDITION OF BIS(2‐METHYLALLYL)ZINC TO PARA‐ AND META‐SUBSTITUTED STYRENES
Authors: LEHMKUHL H. , MCLANE R.
Published: April 2016

Die Addition der Titelzinkverbindung (I) an die Styrole (II) wird untersucht und nach Hydrolyse der gebildeten Zn‐Derivate (IIIa) und (IVa) wird aus dem Verhältnis der Kohlenwasserstoffe (IIIb) und (IVb) das Verhältnis von M ‐ Cprjm/M‐′ Csek‐Addition bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOSPHINOMETHYL COMPLEXES OF ZIRCONIUM(IV): SYNTHESIS, REDUCTION, AND COMPLEXATION TO A SECOND TRANSITION METAL
Authors: SCHORE N. E. , HOPE H.
Published: April 2016

Die Alkyl‐ und Alkenylzirconocenchloride (I) reagieren mit Diphenylphosphinomethyl‐Li zu den thermisch instabilen Diphenylphosphinomethyl‐Zr‐Komplexen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: STUDY ON TRIMETHYLSILOXYALKANOLS
Authors: KANJOLIA R. K. , GUPTA V. D.
Published: April 2016

Die 1:2‐molare Reaktion von Hexamethyldisilazan (I) mit den Diolen (II) führt zu den Titelverbindungen (III), die sich mit äquimolaren Mengen Bis‐[tributylzinn]‐oxid (IV) zu den Tributyl‐Sn(IV)‐Derivaten (V) unter azeotroper Abtrennung des sich bildenden Wassers umsetzen.