bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Traumatogenic Processes and Pathways to Mental Health Outcomes for Sexual Minorities Exposed to Bias Crime Information
Authors: Lannert Brittany K.
Published: March 2014

Vicarious traumatization of nonvictim members of communities targeted by bias crimes has been suggested by previous qualitative studies and often dominates public discussion following bias events, but proximal and distal responses of community members have yet to be comprehensively modeled, and quantitative research on vicarious responses is scarce. This comprehensive review integrates theoretical and empirical literatures in social, clinical, and physiological psychology in the development of a model of affective, cognitive, and physiological responses of lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals upon exposure to information about bias crimes. Extant qualitative research in vicarious response to bias crimes is reviewed in light of theoretical implications and methodological limitations. Potential pathways to mental health outcomes are outlined, including accumulative effects of anticipatory defensive responding, multiplicative effects of minority stress, and putative traumatogenic physiological and cognitive processes of threat. Methodological considerations, future research directions, and clinical implications are also discussed.
Is the Recovery of Functional Balance and Mobility Accompanied by Physiological Recovery in People With Severe Impairments After Stroke?
Authors: Peters Sue , Ivanova Tanya D. , Teasell Robert , Garland S. Jayne
Published: March 2014

Background. Rehabilitation after severe stroke is often limited because of impairments in sensorimotor function. Functional and physiological recovery after severe stroke is poorly understood and has not been studied extensively. Objective. This study’s purpose was to examine functional and physiological recovery of standing balance during inpatient rehabilitation in people with severe impairments after stroke. Methods. A total of 10 participants with severe impairments after stroke were evaluated monthly in a stroke rehabilitation unit with the following functional outcome measures: Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Clinical Outcome Variables Scale (COVS), and Chedoke McMaster Stroke Assessment (CMSA). Weight bearing (WB), center of pressure (COP) velocity, and electromyography (EMG) data were collected during quiet standing and during internal perturbation with a rapid nonparetic arm raise. Results. Cross-sectionally, there were moderate to strong correlations for EMG area and WB with CMSA and COVS. Additionally, the BBS was correlated with WB on the paretic side. Longitudinally, statistically significant improvement was found for functional measures but not for physiological measures. The mean BBS and COVS improved by 23 and 21 points, respectively. COP velocity decreased by 60.1% on the paretic leg but not significantly. Conclusions. During stroke rehabilitation, all participants improved functionally. Some patients improved physiologically, though near discharge, all participants remained very impaired. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to explore the capacity for physiological recovery in this population.
An Integrative Review of Paternal Depression
Authors: Edward Karen-leigh , Castle David , Mills Cally , Davis Leigh , Casey June
Published: March 2014

The aim of this project was to review current research regarding postnatal depression in fathers and to present potential screening and referral options. The search was limited to scholarly (peer reviewed) journals and all articles were retrieved with date limits. Initial search parameters were the following: antenatal depression OR pregnancy depression OR postnatal depression OR perinatal depression AND father* OR men OR paternal. The search yielded 311 abstracts returned. With reference to the inclusion criteria and primary and secondary outcomes intended for the focus of this review, N = 63 articles were retrieved and read in full by the researchers. These articles were included in the final integrative review. Depression in fathers following the birth of their child was associated with a personal history of depression and with the existence of depression in their partner during pregnancy and soon after delivery. Based on the review the authors suggest routine screening and assessment of both parents should occur across the pregnancy and postnatal period. The use of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale for screening of depression in men needs to be linked to referral guidelines for those individuals who require further investigation and care.
Longevity and healthy ageing – Will healthcare be drowned by the grey Tsunami or sunk by the demographic iceberg?
Authors: Mander Tony
Published: March 2014

Will healthcare be drowned by the grey Tsunami or sunk by the demographic iceberg? Or will new and radical, economic, medical, nutritional, exercise and life style developments, produce a better economic model for future healthcare. A properly funded Health Service rather than an over Politicised Failing Sickness service.
Can Bees See at a Glance?
Authors: Nityananda Vivek , Chittka Lars , Skorupski Peter
Published: March 2014

Primates can analyse visual scenes extremely rapidly, making accurate decisions for presentation times of only 20ms. We asked if bumblebees, despite having potentially more limited processing power, could similarly detect and discriminate visual patterns presented for durations of 100ms or less. Bumblebees detected stimuli and discriminated between differently oriented and coloured stimuli even when presented as briefly as 20ms but failed to identify ecologically relevant shapes (predatory spiders on flowers) even when presented for 100ms. This suggests a profound difference between primate and insect visual processing, so that while primates can capture entire visual scenes 'at a glance', insects might have to rely on continuous online sampling of the world around them, using a process of active vision which requires longer integration times.
Decomposition of fine roots and α-cellulose in a short rotation willow (Salix spp.) plantation on abandoned agricultural land
Authors: Püttsepp Ülle , Lõhmus Krista , Koppel Andres
Published: March 2014

Decomposition of fine roots (<1Â mm in diameter) of the clones of Salix viminalis, S. dasyclados and Î±-cellulose sheets (50 x 10 x 1Â mm) was studied in a 6-years old Salix spp. plantation established on abandoned agricultural land in Estonia. The substrates were incubated in litterbags (mesh size 0.14Â mm) in 5â10Â cm topsoil, in non-fertilised plots for one year. Changes in the ash-free weight of the fine roots were best described by negative exponential models (S. viminalis R =â0.98, S. dasyclados R =â0.96), and by a linear model for Î±-cellulose (R =â0.63). The sheets of Î±-cellulose decomposed roughly twice as rapidly as the fine roots (S. viminalis kâ=â0.325, S. dasyclados kâ=â0.165). The remaining (of the initial) ash-free weights of the fine roots were 73.3âÂ±â0.8% (meanâÂ±âSE) and 85.8âÂ±â2.2% respectively, and of the Î±-cellulose 35.9âÂ±â8.5%, in the end of the one year of decomposition. The amount of acid detergent (AD) lignin in the fine-roots of S. viminalis increased significantly and did not change in S. dasyclados, suggesting higher activity of microbial decomposers in the first substrate. Of the studied quality parameters, the AD lignin was the major factor determining the different rate of decomposition of the fine roots of S. viminalis and S. dasyclados. Nitrogen was recycled in the fine root sub-system in both Salix species. This knowledge can be applied in the management of Salix plantations, aimed at bioenergy production.222
Assessing the incidence of butt rot in Norway spruce in southern Finland
Authors: Mattila Ulla , Nuutinen Tuula
Published: March 2014

The aim of this study was to analyze the occurrence of butt rot damage to Norway spruce in different parts of southern Finland and to quantify the associated loss of quality. The data used in the study are from the 9th National Forest Inventory and consist of 5998 sample plots and 8007 spruce sample trees of saw-timber size. To predict the probability of damage to stands and trees, logistic regression models were constructed. Separate models were made for the whole study area, for the area where the general risk of Heterobasidion root and butt rot damage is high and for the area where the damage frequency is relatively low. In the high-risk area, the probability of damage decreased with increasing elevation and increased with increasing temperature sum. In addition, damage was more common on fertile sites and less common on peatlands; and thick peat layer decreased the risk of damage. The probability of damage was also higher in stands where special or selective cuttings had been carried out. In the sample tree data, the probability of damage increased slightly with increasing diameter and age of the tree. In the low-risk areas, elevation was the only variable that explained the probability of damage to a spruce tree. Site fertility and previous cuttings (more than ten years ago) explained the probability of damage to stands only weakly. For spruce damaged by butt rot, the saw-timber volume was reduced, on average, by 60% both in the high-risk area and in the low-risk area.
De nouveau sur le texte du Roland d’Oxford: lecture
Authors: Ogurisu Hitoshi
Published: March 2014

While working on his Édition électronique du Roland d’Oxford, the author examined many questionable readings proposed in other editions. This paper is a report on this examination. In the first section, several slight errors committed by most of the editors (for v. 3526, by all editors) are enumerated. In the second section, the author deals with the exceeding «rigorisme» of reading: some editors believe that the copyist wrote carelessly «leuus», «darbe», «quifse» ... in place of «leuns», «barbe», «quisse», etc. But is it possible to distinguish every time «u» from «n», «b» from «d», «f» from «s» ... in a manuscript, which is far from being in a good condition? The close examination of this problem leads the author to agree with the opinion of Philippe Ménard: «[il faut] éviter de croire naïvement à tout ce que l’on voit». In the final section, it is proved that for vv. 43 and 131, some editors of the 19th century read the text more appropriately than those of the 20th, and that for v. 811 the reading of all preceding editions is not correct.
Toxicity and Estrogenic Endocrine Disrupting Activity of Phthalates and Their Mixtures
Authors: Chen Xueping , Xu Shisan , Tan Tianfeng , Lee Sin , Cheng Shuk , Lee Fred , Xu Steven , Ho Kin
Published: March 2014

Phthalates, widely used in flexible plastics and consumer products, have become ubiquitous contaminants worldwide. This study evaluated the acute toxicity and estrogenic endocrine disrupting activity of butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), di(n-butyl) phthalate (DBP), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP) and their mixtures. Using a 72 h zebrafish embryo toxicity test, the LC50 values of BBP, DBP and a mixture of the six phthalates were found to be 0.72, 0.63 and 0.50 ppm, respectively. The other four phthalates did not cause more than 50% exposed embryo mortality even at their highest soluble concentrations. The typical toxicity symptoms caused by phthalates were death, tail curvature, necrosis, cardio edema and no touch response. Using an estrogen-responsive ChgH-EGFP transgenic medaka (Oryzias melastigma) eleutheroembryos based 24 h test, BBP demonstrated estrogenic activity, DBP, DEHP, DINP and the mixture of the six phthalates exhibited enhanced-estrogenic activity and DIDP and DNOP showed no enhanced- or anti-estrogenic activity. These findings highlighted the developmental toxicity of BBP and DBP, and the estrogenic endocrine disrupting activity of BBP, DBP, DEHP and DINP on intact organisms, indicating that the widespread use of these phthalates may cause potential health risks to human beings.
D'une identification insoutenable à une maternité possible
Authors: Sardas Fabienne
Published: March 2014

À travers le cas de Claire dont les symptômes anxieux sont difficilement supportables depuis la découverte de sa grossesse et l’interruption de la gestation qui va être décidée, nous voyons que le temps de la thérapie va permettre de comprendre comment son destin et celui de sa mère sont intriqués. La grossesse en tant que période de remaniement pulsionnel, où les conflits intrapsychiques sont dominés par l’ambivalence, oblige à la confrontation avec des expériences infantiles douloureuses. À ce titre la grossesse peut avoir une valeur structurante mais nécessiter des réaménagements. Dans le cas de Claire elle est venue menacer un équilibre fragile. L’inconscient, le passé et l’imaginaire entrent en force dans la relation de la mère à son fœtus pour ici la compromettre. Ainsi le destin de la maternité dépend du problème central de l’identification à la mère. Grâce au travail thérapeutique, l’enfant non-né a tout autant, à sa manière, ré-ouvert l’espace maternel que le suivant, né 14 mois plus tard.
Predictors of Readmission after Inpatient Plastic Surgery
Authors: Jain Umang , Salgado Christopher , Mioton Lauren , Rambachan Aksharananda , Kim John YS
Published: March 2014

Background Understanding risk factors that increase readmission rates may help enhance patient education and set system-wide expectations. We aimed to provide benchmark data on causes and predictors of readmission following inpatient plastic surgery.

Methods The 2011 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program dataset was reviewed for patients with both "Plastics" as their recorded surgical specialty and inpatient status. Readmission was tracked through the "Unplanned Readmission" variable. Patient characteristics and outcomes were compared using chi-squared analysis and Student's t-tests for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis was used for identifying predictors of readmission.

Results A total of 3,671 inpatient plastic surgery patients were included. The unplanned readmission rate was 7.11%. Multivariate regression analysis revealed a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (odds ratio [OR], 2.01; confidence interval [CI], 1.12-3.60; P=0.020), previous percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (OR, 2.69; CI, 1.21-5.97; P=0.015), hypertension requiring medication (OR, 1.65; CI, 1.22-2.24; P<0.001), bleeding disorders (OR, 1.70; CI, 1.01-2.87; P=0.046), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class 3 or 4 (OR, 1.57; CI, 1.15-2.15; P=0.004), and obesity (body mass index ≥30) (OR, 1.43; CI, 1.09-1.88, P=0.011) to be significant predictors of readmission.

Conclusions Inpatient plastic surgery has an associated 7.11% unplanned readmission rate. History of COPD, previous PCI, hypertension, ASA class 3 or 4, bleeding disorders, and obesity all proved to be significant risk factors for readmission. These findings will help to benchmark inpatient readmission rates and manage patient and hospital system expectations.
Layer‐by‐Layer Solution‐Processed Low‐Bandgap Polymer‐PC61BM Solar Cells with High Efficiency
Authors: Cheng Pei , Hou Jianhui , Li Yongfang , Zhan Xiaowei
Published: March 2014

Polymer solar cells (PSCs) are fabricated without solvent additives using a low‐bandgap polymer, PBDTTT‐C‐T, as the donor and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric‐acid‐methyl‐ester (PC61BM) as the acceptor. Donor‐acceptor blend and layer‐by‐layer (LL) solution process are used to form active layers. Relative to the blend devices, the LL devices exhibit stronger absorption, better vertical phase separation, higher hole and electron mobilities, and better charge extraction at correct electrodes. As a result, after thermal annealing the LL devices exhibit an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.86%, which is much higher than that of the blend devices (4.31%). The best PCE of the LL devices is 7.13%, which is the highest reported for LL processed PSCs and among the highest reported for PC61BM‐based single‐junction PSCs.
Phase Transformation Induced Capacitance Activation for 3D Graphene‐CoO Nanorod Pseudocapacitor
Authors: Zhu Yun Guang , Wang Ye , Shi Yumeng , Huang Zhi Xiang , Fu Lin , Yang Hui Ying
Published: March 2014

Development of a pseudocapacitor over the integration of metal oxide on carbonaceous materials is a promising step towards energy storage devices with high energy and power densities. Here, a self‐assembled cobalt oxide (CoO) nanorod cluster on three‐dimensional graphene (CoO‐3DG) is synthesized through a facile hydrothermal method followed by heat treatment. As an additive‐free electrode, CoO‐3DG exhibits good electrochemical performance. Compared with CoO nanorod clusters grown on Ni foam (i.e., CoO‐Ni, ≈680 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and ≈400 F g−1 at 20 A g−1), CoO‐3DG achieves much higher capacitance (i.e., ≈980 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and ≈600 F g−1 at 20 A g−1) with excellent cycling stability of 103% retention of specific capacitance after 10 000 cycles. Furthermore, it shows an interesting activation process and instability with a redox reaction for CoO. In addition, the phase transformation from CoO nanorods to Co3O4 nanostructures was observed and investigated after charge and discharge process, which suggests the activation kinetics and the phase transformable nature of CoO based nanostructure. These observations demonstrate phase transformation with morphological change induced capacitance increasement in the emergent class of metal oxide materials for electrochemical energy storage device.
Occupational exposures in the oil and gas extraction industry: State of the science and research recommendations
Authors: Witter Roxana Z. , Tenney Liliana , Clark Suzanne , Newman Lee S.
Published: March 2014

The oil and gas extraction industry is rapidly growing due to horizontal drilling and high volume hydraulic fracturing (HVHF). This growth has provided new jobs and economic stimulus. The industry occupational fatality rate is 2.5 times higher than the construction industry and 7 times higher than general industry; however injury rates are lower than the construction industry, suggesting injuries are not being reported. Some workers are exposed to crystalline silica at hazardous levels, above occupational health standards. Other hazards (particulate, benzene, noise, radiation) exist. In this article, we review occupational fatality and injury rate data; discuss research looking at root causes of fatal injuries and hazardous exposures; review interventions aimed at improving occupational health and safety; and discuss information gaps and areas of needed research. We also describe Wyoming efforts to improve occupational safety in this industry, as a case example. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:847–856, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A synthetic biosocial model of fertility transition: Testing the relative contribution of embodied capital theory, changing cultural norms, and women's labor force participation
Authors: Snopkowski Kristin , Kaplan Hillard
Published: March 2014

This article presents a biosocial model of fertility decline, which integrates ecological‐economic and informational‐cultural hypotheses of fertility transition in a unified theoretical framework. The model is then applied to empirical data collected among 500 women from San Borja, Bolivia, a population undergoing fertility transition. Using a combination of event history analysis, multiple regression, and structural equation modeling, we examine the pathways by which education responds to birth cohort, parental education and network ties, and how age at first birth and total fertility, in turn, respond to birth cohort, social network ties, education, expectations about parental investment, work, and contraceptive use. We find that in addition to secular trends in education, respondent's education is associated with the education of parents, the investment she received from them, and the education of older siblings. Total fertility has dropped over time, partly in response to increased education; moreover, the behavior of other women in a woman's social network predicts both initiation of reproduction and total fertility, while expected parental investment in offspring negatively predicts total fertility. Involvement in paid work that is incompatible with childcare is associated with a later age of first reproduction, but not subsequent fertility. Contraceptive use partially mediates the effect of education and birth cohort on total fertility, but is not a mediator of the effect of social network or expected parental investment on total fertility. Overall, the empirical results provide support for a biosocial model of fertility decline, particularly the embodied capital and cultural pathways. Am J Phys Anthropol 154:322–333, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of polyelectrolyte and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate as dispersants for multiwalled carbon nanotubes on cotton fabrics for electromagnetic interference shielding
Authors: Zou Lihua , Yao Lan , Ma Ying , Li Xiangpeng , Sailimujiang Shalayiding , Qiu Yiping
Published: March 2014

Cotton fabrics with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) dispersed by Nafion, a polyelectrolyte, and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), a surfactant, were prepared for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. The fabrics were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and vector network analysis. The fabrics with the Nafion–MWCNT coating possessed a better shielding efficiency (SE) than those with the SDBS–MWCNT coating because of a more uniform dispersion of MWCNTs, which improved the electrical conductivity and EMI shielding properties. The maximum SE value of the fabric reached 11.48 dB, and the specific SE was 39.6 dB cm3/g. The reflectivity and absorptivity were calculated separately to determine the main mechanism of EMI shielding. The absorptivity was 68.6% at 12 GHz for the Nafion–MWCNT‐coated fabric; this showed that the dominant mechanism of EMI shielding for the treated fabrics was absorption. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40588.
Joachim Radkau, Die Ära der Ökologie. Eine Weltgeschichte
Authors: Potthast Thomas
Published: March 2014

München: C.H. Beck 2011. 782 S., geb., € 29,95. ISBN 978‐3‐406‐61372‐2.
ChemInform Abstract: Optically Transparent Water Oxidation Catalysts Based on Copper Nanowires.
Authors: Chen Zuofeng , Rathmell Aaron R. , Ye Shengrong , Wilson Adria R. , Wiley Benjamin J. Wiley Benjamin J.
Published: March 2014

Transparent catalysts for water oxidation are created by electrodeposition of nickel or cobalt around a conducting network of copper nanowires.
ChemInform Abstract: Z‐Selective Ring Opening of Vinyl Oxetanes with Dialkyl Dithiophosphate Nucleophiles.
Authors: Guo B. , Njardarson J. T.
Published: March 2014

A mild vinyl oxetane (I) ring opening that affords mainly Z‐substituted allylic thiophosphate products (III) in high yields is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Unactivated Alkyl Halides Catalyzed by a Nickel Pincer Complex.
Authors: Di Franco Thomas , Boutin Nicolas , Hu Xile
Published: March 2014

A Nickel pincer complex is used to catalyze alkyl—alkyl and alkyl—aryl Suzuki—Miyaura cross coupling reactions of unactivated alkyl halides (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Dehydrative Esterification of Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids with a Macroporous Polymeric Acid Catalyst.
Authors: Minakawa Maki , Baek Heeyoel , Yamada Yoichi M. A. , Han Jin Wook , Uozumi Yasuhiro
Published: March 2014

A macroporous p‐phenolsulfonic acid—formaldehyde resin catalyst is prepared and used for the direct esterification of carboxylic acids and alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unusual Michael‐Induced Skeletal Rearrangement of a Bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Framework of Phloroglucinols to a Novel Bioactive Bicyclo[3.3.0]octane.
Authors: Vidali Veroniki P. , Mitsopoulou Kornilia P. , Dakanali Marianna , Demadis Konstantinos D. , Odysseos Andreani D. , Christou Yiota A. , Couladouros Elias A.
Published: March 2014

The reactivity of the Δ7,10‐double bond of bicyclic[3.3.1]nonatriones such as (I) is investigated resulting in the discovery of a novel skeletal rearrangement to a highly functionalized bicyclo[3.3.0]octane.
ChemInform Abstract: Employing Arynes in Transition‐Metal‐Free Monoarylation of Aromatic Tertiary Amines.
Authors: Bhojgude Sachin Suresh , Kaicharla Trinadh , Biju Akkattu T.
Published: March 2014

A highly monoselective arylation of N,N‐dimethylanilines with in situ generated benzynes without the need of metal catalysts is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxazoline‐Based Organocatalyst for Enantioselective Strecker Reactions: A Protocol for the Synthesis of Levamisole.
Authors: Sadhukhan Arghya , Sahu Debashis , Ganguly Bishwajit , Khan Noor‐ul H. , Kureshy Rukhsana I. , Abdi Sayed H. R. , Suresh E. , Bajaj Hari C.
Published: March 2014

The title reaction affords a broad range of chiral α‐cyano amines by employing TMS‐CN as source of cyanide.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective ortho‐Nitration of N‐Phenyl Carboxamides and Primary Anilines Using Bismuth Nitrate/Acetic Anhydride.
Authors: Lu Yang , Li Yaming , Zhang Rong , Jin Kun , Duan Chunying
Published: March 2014

This method provides an operationally simple, regioselective, and efficient one‐pot access to synthesize o‐nitro anilines under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(II)‐Catalyzed Oxidative Esterification of 2‐Carbonyl Substituted Phenols from the Alcohol Oxidation Level.
Authors: Sharma Satyasheel , Park Jihye , Kim Mirim , Kwak Jong Hwan , Jung Young Hoon , Kim In Su
Published: March 2014

A copper‐catalyzed esterification of 2‐carbonyl substituted phenols with a range of benzylic and aliphatic alcohols using tert‐butyl hydroperoxide as convenient oxidant is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Free Synthesis of (E)‐Vinyl Sulfones from Vinyl Halides in Water.
Authors: Liang Shuai , Zhang Ruo‐Yi , Wang Gao , Chen Shan‐Yong , Yu Xiao‐Qi
Published: March 2014

The title reaction avoids the use of toxic catalysts and complies with green chemistry principles.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Enantioselective C—H Iodination: Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Diarylmethylamines.
Authors: Chu Ling , Wang Xiao‐Chen , Moore Curtis E. , Rheingold Arnold L. , Yu Jin‐Quan
Published: March 2014

The reaction is the first example of an enantioselective C—H iodination leading to chiral iodinated diarylmethylamines.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Carbonylation—Arylation of N‐Arylacrylamides for Synthesis of Oxindole Derivatives.
Authors: Jia Fan , Liu Kaisheng , Xi Hui , Lu Shenglin , Li Zhiping
Published: March 2014

Various 3‐functionalized oxindoles are synthesized from N‐arylacrylamides and aldehydes using FeCl3 as catalyst and tBuOOH as oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Vicinal Aminoalcohols by Stereoselective Aza‐Wacker Cyclization: Access to (‐)‐Acosamine by Redox Relay.
Authors: Weinstein Adam B. , Schuman David P. , Tan Zhi Xu , Stahl Shannon S.
Published: March 2014

The aza‐Wacker reaction of N‐protected hemiaminals derived from allylic alcohols leads to stereodefined vicinal aminoalcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of 2‐(2‐Thienyl)naphtho[2,1‐d]oxazole.
Authors: Aleksandrov A. A. , El'chaninov M. M. , Illenzeer E. V.
Published: March 2014

A facile synthesis of title compound (III) is given and its behavior in electrophilic substitution reactions is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Tertiary Thiols from 5H‐Thiazol‐4‐ones and Nitroolefins: Bifunctional Ureidopeptide‐Based Broensted Base Catalysis.
Authors: Diosdado Saioa , Etxabe Julen , Izquierdo Joseba , Landa Aitor , Mielgo Antonia , Olaizola Iurre , Lopez Rosa , Palomo Claudio
Published: March 2014

The first catalytic Michael addition reaction of α‐mercapto carboxylate surrogates with nitroolefins is developed to synthesize chiral 5H‐thiazol‐4‐ones having a quaternary carbon center.
ChemInform Abstract: Safe and Easy Route for the Synthesis of 1,3‐Dimethyl‐1,2,3‐triazolium Salt (V) and Investigation of Its Anticancer Activities.
Authors: Shrestha Jaya P. , Chang Cheng‐Wei Tom
Published: March 2014

Title compounds (V) exhibits significant anticancer activities against melanoma, colon cancer, non‐small cell lung cancer, and central nervous system cancer.
ChemInform Abstract: Recyclable Porous Polymer‐Supported Copper Catalysts for Glaser and Huisgen 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions.
Authors: Sun Qi , Lv Zhonfei , Du Yuyang , Wu Qinming , Wang Liang , Zhu Longfeng , Meng Xiangju , Chen Wanzhi , Xiao Feng‐Shou
Published: March 2014

The catalyst can be recycled for at least 10 times without any loss of catalytic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Transformation of Substituted‐3‐formylchromones to Pyrimidine Analogues: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities of 5‐(o‐Hydroxyaroyl)pyrimidines.
Authors: Raj Tilak , Singh Narinder , Ishar M. P. S.
Published: March 2014

Reaction of 3‐formylchromones (I) with bisaminomethylene‐thiourea (II) in refluxing toluene provides aroylpyrimidines (III) in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Substituted Benzo[h]quinazolines, Benzo[g]indazoles, Pyrazoles, 2,6‐Diarylpyridines as Antitubercular Agents.
Authors: Maurya Hardesh K. , Verma Ruby , Alam Saba , Pandey Shweta , Pathak Vinay , Sharma Sandeep , Srivastava Kishore K. , Negi Arvind S. , Gupta Atul
Published: March 2014

All synthesized compounds are screened for their in vitro antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Staudinger/Aza‐Wittig Sequence by in situ Phosphane Oxide Reduction.
Authors: van Kalkeren Henri A. , te Grotenhuis Colet , Haasjes Frank S. , Hommersom C. A. , Rutjes Floris P. J. T. , van Delft Floris L.
Published: March 2014

A Staudinger/aza‐Wittig process using catalytic amounts of 5‐phenyldibenzophosphole is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Single‐Step Ugi Multicomponent Reaction for the Synthesis of Phosphopeptidomimetics.
Authors: Gargano Andrea F. G. , Buchinger Stefanie , Kohout Michal , Lindner Wolfgang , Laemmerhofer Michael
Published: March 2014

It provides a new, fast, and efficient method to prepare a wide range of biologically important phosphopeptidomimetics.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Complexes in Organic Synthesis. Part 109. Efficient Construction of Pyrano[3,2‐a]carbazoles: Application to a Biomimetic Total Synthesis of Cyclized Monoterpenoid Pyrano[3,2‐a]carbazole Alkaloids.
Authors: Hesse Ronny , Gruner Konstanze K. , Kataeva Olga , Schmidt Arndt W. , Knoelker Hans‐Joachim
Published: March 2014

An efficient route for the synthesis of crucial precursors [(III) and (V)] for the synthesis of different alkaloids is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Sequential Deoxyfluorination Approach for the Synthesis of Protected α,β,γ‐Trifluoro‐δ‐amino Acids.
Authors: Cheerlavancha Raju , Lawer Aggie , Cagnes Marina , Bhadbhade Mohan , Hunter Luke
Published: March 2014

The synthesis of two novel δ‐amino acid derivatives (VII) and (X) containing three vicinal fluorine atoms placed stereospecifically in the backbone is detailed.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Novel LpxC Inhibitors: Chiral‐Pool Synthesis of C‐Triazolyl Glycosides.
Authors: Jana Sunit Kumar , Loeppenberg Marius , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Jose Joachim , Holl Ralph
Published: March 2014

In a chiral pool synthesis starting from D‐mannose, hydroxamic acids (IV) are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Domino Reaction Involving (Diacetoxyiodo)benzene‐Promoted Oxidative Rearrangement: A Novel Multicomponent and Efficient Strategy for the Synthesis of Thiadiazole N‐Nucleosides.
Authors: Siddiqui Ibadur R. , Siddiqui Naz Akhtar , Shamim Shayna , Shireen Shireen , Srivastava Anjali
Published: March 2014

Title compounds (IV) are efficiently synthesized by an environmentally benign three‐component one‐pot cyclization procedure via Hofmann rearrangement of thiamide (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Cu2O Crystals with Morphological Evolution from Octapod to Octahedron.
Authors: Cho Young‐Sik , Huh Young‐Duk
Published: March 2014

Cu2O crystals are prepared from aqueous mixtures of CuCl2, TMEDA, D(+)‐glucose, and polyethylene glycol (microwave irradiation, 2 min, ≈46% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Polyoxometalate Multi‐Electron‐Transfer Catalytic Systems for Water Splitting
Authors: Sumliner Jordan M. , Lv Hongjin , Fielden John , Geletii Yurii V. , Hill Craig L.
Published: March 2014

Review: <100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Properties and Magnetocaloric Effects in NaZn13‐Type La(Fe,Al)13‐Based Compounds
Authors: Shen Bao‐Gen , Hu Feng‐Xia , Dong Qiao‐Yan , Sun Ji‐Rong
Published: March 2014

Review: 58 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in Heavy Metal Extraction by Supercritical CO2 Fluids
Authors: Lin Fengying , Liu Dagang , Maiti Das Sonakshi , Prempeh Nana , Hua Yan , Lu Jiangang
Published: March 2014

Review: 111 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Paramagnetism in Metal‐Metal Bonded Paddlewheel Complexes
Authors: Hillard Elizabeth A.
Published: March 2014

Review: 326 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrazines and Azo‐Compounds in the Synthesis of Heterocycles Comprising N—N Bond
Authors: Maeeorg Uno , Tsupova Svetlana
Published: March 2014

Review: 120 refs.
Aspartate‐containing neurons of the brainstem and rostral spinal cord of the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus: Distribution and comparison with γ‐aminobutyric acid
Authors: Villar‐Cerviño Verona , Fernández‐López Blanca , Celina Rodicio María , Anadón Ramón
Published: March 2014

The amino acid L‐aspartate (ASP) is one of the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitters in the mammalian brain, but its distribution in other vertebrates has not yet been well characterized. We investigated the distribution of ASP in the brainstem and rostral spinal cord of the adult sea lamprey by using ASP immunohistochemistry. Our results indicate that ASP is accumulated in specific neurons, but not in glia (tanycytes). ASP‐immunoreactive neuronal populations were rather similar as the glutamatergic populations reported in the adult sea lamprey (Villar‐Cerviño et al. [2013] J Comp Neurol 521:522–557), although some important differences were noted. Characteristically, the largest reticular neurons of the lamprey brainstem (Müller cells) showed ASP immunoreactivity in perikarya and processes, in contrast to the absence or faint glutamate immunoreactivity reported in these perikarya. We also compared the distribution of ASP and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) in brainstem neurons by using double immunofluorescence methods. In regions such as the midbrain tectum, dorsal isthmus, and motor nuclei, ASP and GABA immunoreactivity was mostly located in different neurons, whereas in other nuclei (torus semicircularis, octavolateralis area, parvocellular reticular formation), many of the ASP‐immunonegative neurons displayed colocalization with GABA. These results, together with those of our previous studies of colocalization of glutamate and GABA, suggest that some lamprey neurons may co‐release both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the pathways of uptake and release of ASP by ASP‐immunoreactive neurons. Our results indicate that ASP is a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system representative of agnathans, the earliest vertebrate group. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:1209–1231, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Delivering Web service load testing as a service with a global cloud
Authors: Yan Minzhi , Sun Hailong , Liu Xudong , Deng Ting , Wang Xu
Published: March 2014

In this paper, we present WS‐TaaS, a Web services load testing platform built on a global platform PlanetLab. WS‐TaaS enables load testing process to be simple, transparent, and as close as possible to the real running scenarios of the target services. First, we briefly introduce the base of WS‐TaaS, Service4All. Second, we provide detailed analysis of the requirements of Web service load testing and present its conceptual architecture as well as algorithm design for improving resource utilization. Third, we present the implementation details of WS‐TaaS. Finally, we perform the evaluation of WS‐TaaS with a set of experiments based on the testing of real Web services, and the results illustrate that WS‐TaaS can efficiently facilitate the whole process of Web service load testing. Especially, comparing with existing testing tools, WS‐TaaS can obtain more effective and accurate test results. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An economic market for the brokering of time and budget guarantees
Authors: Kavanagh Richard , Djemame Karim
Published: March 2014

Grids offer best effort services to users. Service level agreements offer the opportunity to provide guarantees upon services offered, in such a way that it captures the users' requirements, while also considering concerns of the service providers. This is achieved via a process of converging requirements and service cost values from both sides towards an agreement. This paper presents the intelligent scheduling for quality of service market‐oriented mechanism for brokering guarantees upon completion time and cost for jobs submitted to a batch‐oriented compute service. Web Services agreement (negotiation) is used along with the planning of schedules in determining pricing, ensuring that jobs become prioritised depending on their budget constraints. An evaluation is performed to demonstrate how market mechanisms can be used to achieve this, whilst also showing the effects that scheduling algorithms can have upon the market in terms of rescheduling. The evaluation is completed with a comparison of the broker's capabilities in relation to the literature. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling and performance analysis of information diffusion under information overload in Facebook‐like social networks
Authors: Li Pei , Sun Yunchuan
Published: March 2014

Research on social networks has received remarkable attention, because an increasing number of people use social networks to broadcast information and stay connected with their friends. However, because of the information overload in social networks, it becomes increasingly difficult for users to find useful information. This paper takes Facebook‐like social networks into account and proposes models to capture the characters such as the network, the user behaviors, and the process of information diffusion under information overload. The term type influence is introduced to characterize the information diffusion efficiency for users of a given type, which can be analyzed theoretically on the basis of the proposed models. Having noticed the inaccuracy of using type influence to estimate the information diffusion efficiency for a given user, we further introduce the term individual influence and propose a scalable approach to estimate it. We verify the accuracy of this approach by simulations and show that considering more nearby users leads to more computational costs, but more accurate results. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential regulation of CASZ1 protein expression during cardiac and skeletal muscle development
Authors: Amin Nirav M. , Gibbs Devin , Conlon Frank L.
Published: March 2014

Background: The zinc‐finger transcription factor CASZ1 is required for differentiation of a distinct population of cardiomyocytes during development. However, expression of Casz1 mRNA is detected throughout the developing heart, suggesting the spatial regulation of CASZ1 occurs at the protein level. Relatively little is known about posttranscriptional regulation of Casz1 in the heart. Results: We generated antibodies that specifically recognize CASZ1 in developing Xenopus embryos, and performed immunofluorescence analysis of CASZ1 during cardiac development. CASZ1 was detected throughout the developing myocardium. CASZ1 was restricted to terminally differentiated cardiomyocytes, and was down‐regulated in cells that re‐enter the cell cycle. We determined that CASZ1 expression correlated with terminal differentiation in cardiac muscle cells, skeletal muscle cells, and lymph‐heart musculature. Conclusions: This study indicates that spatially distinct expression of CASZ1 protein may be due to posttranscriptional control of Casz1 mRNA during cardiac development. The results of this study provide insights into the role of Casz1 in cardiac function and in the differentiation of other cell types, including skeletal muscle and lymph heart. Developmental Dynamics 243:948–956, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biodegradation of tylosin residue in pharmaceutical solid waste by a novel Citrobacter amalonaticus strain
Authors: Ma Yulong , Wang Liqiong , Liu Lijia , Zhang Xinsha
Published: March 2014

A large amount of pharmaceutical solid waste (PSW) has been generated in the process of tylosin production using fermentation. This PSW cannot been reused directly because of the existence of residual tylosin. The objective of this study was to investigate the method for biodegradation of tylosin antibiotic in PSW. The results showed that a novel tylosin‐degrading strain was isolated from the soil deposited by PSW and identified as Citrobacter amalonaticus. This strain was capable of degrading almost 100% of tylosin in PSW medium with an initial concentration of 50 mg/L after 72 h of incubation under conditions of the initial pH 6.0 and 30°C. The degradation kinetics for tylosin followed a first‐order model, and half‐lives were 16.16–16.82 h when the initial concentrations of tylosin ranged from 25 to 100 mg/L. These results indicate that the isolated strain has a relatively high ability to degrade tylosin and may be used for bioremediation of the environment contaminated by tylosin waste. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 99–104, 2015
Physical infrastructure interdependency and regional resilience index after the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake in Japan
Authors: Cimellaro Gian Paolo , Solari Daniele , Bruneau Michel
Published: March 2014

A resilience index is used to quantify preventive measures, emergency measures, and restoration measures of complex systems, such as physical infrastructures, when they are subjected to natural disasters like earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, etc. Interdependencies among these systems can generate cascading failures or amplification effects, which can also affect the restoration measures right after an extreme event and generate a reduction of the resilience index. In this article, a method is proposed to evaluate the physical infrastructure resilience of a region affected by a disaster considering infrastructure interdependency. It is illustrated using available restoration curves from the March 11 2011 Tohoku Earthquake in Japan. The weights assigned to each infrastructure, which are used to determine resilience, are evaluated using the degree of interdependency indices which are obtain by time series analysis. Results show that the weight coefficients thus obtained do not influence the resilience index significantly; however, the methodology proposed is unbiased from subjective judgment and is able to identify the critical lifelines. Furthermore, the results of the case study presented here suggest that to obtain meaningful estimation of the weight coefficients, it is necessary to consider the period range between two perturbations (e.g., main shock and aftershock). Future infrastructure disruption data (from this and other earthquakes) would be needed to generalize this finding that will allow also to quantify the changes in the restoration curves caused by the magnitude and distance of the shocks from the epicenter, as well as the intrinsic properties of the physical infrastructures. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytotoxic properties of the leaf essential oils of Guatteria blepharophylla and Guatteria hispida (Annonaceae)
Authors: Ferraz Rosana P. C. , Bomfim Diogo S. , Carvalho Nanashara C. , Soares Milena B. P. , Pinheiro Maria L. B. , Costa Emmanoel V. , Bezerra Daniel P.
Published: March 2014

Guatteria blepharophylla Mart. (synonym Guatteriopsis blepharophylla Mart.) and Guatteria hispida (R.E. Fr.) Erkens & Maas (synonym Guatteriopsis hispida R.E. Fr.) belong to the Annonaceae family and are found in the Brazilian and Colombian Amazon basin. Both species are popularly known as ‘envira’ or ‘envireira’. In the present study, the leaf essential oils of G. blepharophylla (EOGB) and G. hispida (EOGH) were selected to investigate their cytotoxic effects. Tumour cell lines were treated with increasing concentrations of both essential oils for 72 h and analysed by a methyl‐[3H]thymidine incorporation assay. The pro‐apoptotic effect of these essential oils was assessed in HepG2 cells by morphological analysis (using haematoxylin/eosin staining and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining), flow cytometry (cell membrane integrity and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation analysis) and a caspase‐3 activation assay after 24 h incubation. Both essential oils displayed potent cytotoxicity in different tumour cell lines. EOGB showed IC50 values from 6.03 to 16.46 µg/ml for HepG2 and K562 cell lines, and EOGH showed IC50 values from 5.45 to 24.89 µg/ml for HepG2 and K562 cell lines, respectively. Cell morphologies consistent with apoptosis and a remarkable activation of caspase‐3 were observed in the HepG2 cells treated with essential oils for 24 h. Significant increases in internucleosomal DNA fragmentation without altered membrane integrity were also found. In conclusion, both essential oils investigated were able to inhibit tumour cell proliferation and induce cell death by apoptosis pathways. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypoxic regulation of the PERK/ATF4/LAMP3‐arm of the unfolded protein response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Nagelkerke Anika , Sweep Fred C. G. J. , Stegeman Hanneke , Grénman Reidar , Kaanders Johannes H. A. M. , Bussink Johan , Span Paul N.
Published: March 2014

Background

The purpose of this study was to examine the hypoxic regulation of the PKR‐like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)/activating transcription factor‐4 (ATF4)/lysosome‐associated membrane protein 3 (LAMP3)‐arm of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Methods

LAMP3 expression was determined in patient biopsies by immunohistochemistry and correlated to clinicopathological parameters. mRNA and protein expression for PERK, ATF4, and LAMP3 was evaluated after hypoxic exposure of HNSCC cell lines.

Results

In patients with HNSCC, high LAMP3 expression correlated with N classification (p = .019) and the occurrence of distant metastases during follow‐up (p = .039). Patients with high LAMP3 levels had a worse metastasis‐free survival (p = .008). Intriguingly, LAMP3 expression was localized exclusively in normoxic areas of tumors and xenografts. Expression of PERK, p‐PERK, p‐eIF2α, ATF4, and LAMP3 was not universally induced in hypoxic HNSCC cell lines. Exposure to endoplasmic reticulum‐stress stimulated PERK, ATF4, and LAMP3 expression.

Conclusion

LAMP3 is relevant for prognosis in HNSCC. However, the PERK/ATF4/LAMP3‐arm of the UPR responds differently to hypoxia in HNSCC compared to other tumor types. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 896–905, 2015