bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
56 Unique Immune Microenvironment in NF2-Fusion Positive Radiation Induced Meningiomas
Authors: Suppiah Suganth , Liu Jeff , Mamatjan Yasin , Zadeh Gelareh
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Radiation-induced meningiomas (RIMs) are increasing in prevalence as cancer patients live longer. Our laboratory has demonstrated that RIMs have a unique genomic landscape compared to sporadic meningiomas. Notably, a subset of RIMs harbor genomic rearrangement resulting in NF2 gene fusion with a nonrecurrent reciprocal gene. We aimed to compare the gene expression of NF2-Fusion and NF2-Wild Type (NF2-WT) RIMs. Methods: RNA sequencing using Illumina HiSeq was performed on 7 NF2-Fusion and 12 NF2-WT RIMs. Short read sequences obtained from sequencing were mapped to reference human genome(hg19). We performed differential expression analysis using edgeR statistical packages. Pathway analysis was performed using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Immunohistochemistry was performed to validate findings. Results: Principal component analysis revealed that 5/7 of NF2-Fusion RIMs had similar gene expression profiles. One outlier had no chromosome 1p loss like the other NF2-Fusion RIMs. Pathway analysis demonstrated there was an upregulation of immune pathways in NF2-Fusion RIMs. Immunohistochemistry of PD-L1 revealed that 0/7 and 7/7 of NF2-Fusion tumors had positive expression in tumoral and inflammatory cells, respectively. In comparison, 6/12 of RIMs had tumoral and inflammatory cell expression of PD-L1. In addition, there was a higher CD3 lymphocyte infiltration in NF2-WT (42.2 vs. 12.4 number of cells per HPF). Discussion: Preliminary data in our lab demonstrates that NF2-Fusion tumors have a distinct immune microenvironment compared to NF2-WT tumors. Although pathway analysis indicates that NF2-Fusion RIMs have overexpression of immune pathways, immunohistochemistry reveals that inflammatory cells have positive PD-L1 expression, suggestive of immune burnout.
62 Improvement of hearing with bevacizumab in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 2 and bilateral acoustic schwannomas
Authors: Yusuf Dimas , O’Kelly Cian , Easaw Jacob C.
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND: Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a rare genetic condition caused by mutations in the Merlin gene on chromosome 22. It results in acoustic neuromas (schwannomas) and other CNS tumors including meningiomas and ependymomas. Most patients develop hearing loss as a result of neuroma-driven destruction of auditory nerves. Surgery and radiation therapy remain the two most commonly recommended treatment options. However, there is a risk of further hearing loss with these procedures. There is emerging evidence that bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody against VEGF-A, can shrink acoustic neuromas and mitigate hearing loss. CASE PRESENTATION: A 34-year-old female with bilateral acoustic neuromas from NF2 suffers partial hearing loss in the left ear and total hearing loss in the right ear after removal of the right-sided neuroma. Baseline MRI showed a left-sided acoustic neuroma (15 x 13 mm) and recurrence of the right-sided neuroma (18 x 14 mm). Bevacizumab was initiated at 5 mg/kg IV every 14 days. After 8 cycles, the patient reported marked improvement in hearing. At lower frequencies (< 1,000 Hz, the range of human voice), auditory thresholds improved by up to 60% of baseline, while at higher frequencies, improvements of up to 46% were seen. Repeat imaging showed no disease progression. CONCLUSIONS: Bevacizumab led to hearing improvement and prevention of disease progression after 8 cycles of therapy. This treatment should be considered in patients with NF2 and acoustic neuromas who wish to pursue a less-invasive treatment option with the potential of delaying progression and mitigating hearing loss.
Assessing Subgroup Differences in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Rescue Workers in Japan With the Impact of Event Scale–Revised
Authors: Noda Yoshikazu , Asano Kenichi , Shimizu Eiji , Hirano Yoshiyuki
Published: July 2018

Objective

We examined the impact of demographic confounding factors on responses to the Impact of Event Scale–Revised.

Methods

Participants were rescue workers aged 20 to 65 years who had responded during the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011. A multiple indicators, multiple causes model was used to examine associations between covariates and latent factors or items in the Impact of Event Scale–Revised.

Results

Participants were recruited from April to August 2015. The model fit indices in the confirmatory factor analysis and the multiple indicators, multiple causes model suggested an acceptable model fit. Higher education and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale score were significantly associated with a decrease in intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal. Counseling was significantly associated with increased avoidance. In the direct path model using modification indices, counseling and early arrival were identified as significant covariates.

Conclusions

This study found that higher education and resilience reduced all 3 factors in the Impact of Event Scale–Revised and improved the symptoms of intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal. Counseling and early arrival were also associated with improvement in certain items. However, counseling was also linked to increased avoidance and worsening psychophysiological reactions. Further research is recommended to clarify these relationships. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:309–318)
Patient contact is the main risk factor for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus contamination of healthcare workers’ gloves and gowns in the intensive care unit
Authors: Jackson Sarah S. , Thom Kerri A. , Magder Laurence S. , Stafford Kristen A. , Johnson J. Kristie , Miller Loren G. , Calfee David P. , Harris Anthony D. ,   for the CDC Prevention Epicenters Program
Published: July 2018

Objective

To determine which healthcare worker (HCW) roles and patient care activities are associated with acquisition of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) on HCW gloves or gowns after patient care, as a surrogate for transmission to other patients.

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

Medical and surgical intensive care units at a tertiary-care academic institution.

Participants

VRE-colonized patients on Contact Precautions and their HCWs.

Methods

Overall, 94 VRE-colonized patients and 469 HCW–patient interactions were observed. Research staff recorded patient care activities and cultured HCW gloves and gowns for VRE before doffing and exiting patient room.

Results

VRE were isolated from 71 of 469 HCWs’ gloves or gowns (15%) following patient care. Occupational/physical therapists, patient care technicians, nurses, and physicians were more likely than environmental services workers and other HCWs to have contaminated gloves or gowns. Compared to touching the environment alone, the odds ratio (OR) for VRE contamination associated with touching both the patient (or objects in the immediate vicinity of the patient) and environment was 2.78 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99–0.77) and the OR associated with touching only the patient (or objects in the immediate vicinity) was 3.65 (95% CI, 1.17–11.41). Independent risk factors for transmission of VRE to HCWs were touching the patient’s skin (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.15–4.13) and transferring the patient into or out of bed (OR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.15–6.43).

Conclusion

Patient contact is a major risk factor for HCW contamination and subsequent transmission. Interventions should prioritize contact precautions and hand hygiene for HCWs whose activities involve touching the patient.
Ageing and burst of surface bubbles
Authors: Poulain S. , Villermaux E. , Bourouiba L.
Published: July 2018

Upon burst, surface bubbles transfer biological and chemical material from water bodies to the air we breathe via the production of droplets. An understanding of what shapes the size and payload of such droplets starts by understanding the fundamental physics of bubble birth, drainage and burst. Our combined experimental and theoretical investigation focuses on film-drop-producing surface bubbles. Controlling fluid properties such as temperature, salinity and volatility, coupled with changes of ambient air saturation, we elucidate the ageing and lifetime of bubbles. We derive and validate a generalized bubble cap drainage model accounting for both curvature-pressure-induced drainage and Marangoni flows induced by the coupling between the bubble and its surrounding air. We show that this deterministic drainage is coupled with stochastic local perturbations, both intrinsic and extrinsic, from impacts by mist droplets to microbubbles. We derive the conditions for such perturbations to be lethal to the cap film, involving the competition of mixing and drainage time scales on the bubble, the film thickness, the size of the perturbation and the local Marangoni stresses introduced. We explain how the mixing dynamics on the cap ensures that bursts mostly occur at the foot of bubbles rather than on their cap. Our study sheds light on the coupling between the deterministic cap thinning and the stochastic events leading to bubble death. We conclude that ubiquitous water contaminants enable the birth of a bubble, sustain it through its ageing, but ultimately also kill it.
Motivation and Readiness for Physical Activity and Exercise Behaviour among People with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Brief Report
Authors: Brooks Jessica M. , Costigan Kelly , Wu Jia-Rung , Chen Xiangli , Bengtson Kevin , Chan Fong , Iwanaga Kanako , Chiu Chungyi
Published: July 2018

The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between motivation and readiness levels for physical activity and exercise behaviour among persons with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Participants were 211 U.S. adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain from online support groups as well as specialty and primary care clinics (females = 86.7%; mean age = 43.4 years, SD = 14.4 years). The participants completed an online survey on their engagement in physical activity and exercise behaviour. Multiple one-way analyses of variance with post-hoc comparisons using the Tukey HSD test revealed significant differences between the readiness stages of change groups of preintenders, intenders, and actors in their motivation for physical activity and exercise behaviour. Specifically, the actor group of behavioural change reported higher levels of motivation beliefs for physical activity and exercise behaviour compared to preintenders and intenders. These findings suggest that people with chronic musculoskeletal pain experiencing increased motivation for physical activity and exercise behaviour are more engaged in desired behaviours than the persons with chronic pain reporting varying degrees of behavioural intentions.
Observer-rated retardation but not agitation corresponds to objective motor measures in depression
Authors: van Diermen Linda , Walther Sebastian , Cools Olivia , Fransen Erik , Birkenhäger Tom K. , Sabbe Bernard C.G. , Schrijvers Didier
Published: July 2018

Objective

To explore the correlations between observer ratings and instrumental parameters across domains of psychomotor functioning in depression.

Method

In total, 73 patients with major depressive disorder underwent extensive psychomotor and clinical testing. Psychomotor functioning was assessed with (i) an observer-rated scale (the CORE measure) and also objectively with (ii) 24-h actigraphy, and (iii) a fine motor drawing task.

Results

Observer ratings of retardation correlated with instrumental assessments of fine and gross motor functioning. In contrast, observer ratings of agitation did not correlate with observer ratings of retardation or with the instrumental measures. These associations were partly influenced by age and, to a lesser extent, by depression severity.

Conclusion

Psychomotor disturbance is a complex concept with different manifestations in depressed patients. Although observer ratings of retardation correspond well with instrumental measures of the motor domains, objective measurement of agitation and other aspects of psychomotor disturbance require further research.
Maternal traditional dietary pattern and antiretroviral treatment exposure are associated with neonatal size and adiposity in urban, black South Africans
Authors: Wrottesley Stephanie V. , Ong Ken K. , Pisa Pedro T. , Norris Shane A.
Published: July 2018

This study examines the associations between maternal Traditional dietary pattern adherence and HIV/treatment with neonatal size and adiposity in urban, black South Africans, as well as how specific maternal factors – that is BMI and gestational weight gain (GWG) – may influence these associations. Multiple linear regression models were used to examine associations among maternal Traditional diet pattern adherence (pattern score), HIV/treatment status (three groups: HIV negative, HIV positive (antenatal antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation), HIV positive (pre-pregnancy ART initiation)), BMI and GWG (kg/week), and newborn (1) weight:length ratio (WLR, kg/m) in 393 mother–neonate pairs, and (2) Peapod estimated fat mass index (FMI, kg/m3) in a 171-pair subsample. In fully adjusted models, maternal obesity and GWG were associated with 0·25 kg/m (P=0·008) and 0·48 kg/m (P=0·002) higher newborn WLR, whereas Traditional diet pattern score was associated with lower newborn WLR (−0·04 kg/m per +1sd;P=0·033). In addition, Traditional diet pattern score was associated with 0·13 kg/m3(P=0·027) and 0·32 kg/m3(P=0·005) lower FMI in the total sample and in newborns of normal-weight women, respectively. HIV-positive (pre-pregnancy ART)v. HIV-negative (ref) status was associated with 1·11 kg/m3(P=0·002) higher newborn FMI. Promotion of a Traditional dietary pattern, alongside a healthy maternal pre-conception weight, in South African women may reduce newborn adiposity and metabolic risk profiles. In HIV-positive women, targeted monitoring and management strategies are necessary to limit treatment-associated effects onin uterofat deposition.
Papal Bulls as Instruments of Reform: The Reception of the Protection Bulls of Gregory VII in the Dioceses of Liège and Thérouanne (1074–1077)
Authors: Meijns Brigitte
Published: July 2018

In research concerning the spread of eleventh-century ecclesiastical reform ideas, papal protection bulls have been somewhat overlooked as scholarship has privileged more obvious instruments of papal politics, such as legates, councils, canon law, papal letters, and friendship networks. This is not surprising considering the fact that the only documents preserved are very often the bulls themselves, making it virtually impossible to reconstruct the impact that they had on the local churches. Therefore, the availability of several narrative sources discussing the reception of the bulls Gregory VII issued in favor of the Benedictine abbey of Saint Hubert in the diocese of Liège in 1074 and of the priory of regular canons in Watten in the diocese of Thérouanne in 1077 is truly unique. While these accounts are heavily biased, they permit us to catch a rare glimpse of how bulls were received at the grassroots level. As becomes clear from their stormy reception, the charters prompted discussion in the episcopal entourage about questions of ecclesiastical hierarchy, procedure, papal obedience, and episcopal authority. They cleverly rooted the papal reform program in the midst of far-off but politically important dioceses and forced bishop and clergy to take a stance in the reform debate.
BDS and Palestinian Theatre Making: A Call for Debate within the Discipline of Theatre and Performance Studies
Authors: El Zein Rayya , Fernández Ramos Irene , Potter George , Varghese Gabriel
Published: July 2018

On 30 March 2018, protesters in the Gaza Strip engaged in a peaceful demonstration for “Land Day,” a Palestinian commemoration of the expropriation of lands for Israeli settlements in 1976. During the march, Palestinians approached the border with Israel where the Israeli army opened fire with live ammunition and tank shells, killing at least fifteen demonstrators. Dozens of others were wounded. In the weeks and months that followed, Palestinian protesters continued to protest at the Gaza border. As this issue goes to print, the International Committee of the Red Cross reports that at least 116 Palestinians have been killed in protests framed as the “Great March of Return” since 30 March 2018, and as many as thirteen thousand have been injured. This spring's events, coinciding with the seventieth anniversary of the founding of the state of Israel and the US decision to move its embassy to Jerusalem, offer yet another reminder of the violence and dispossession that for decades have characterized Palestinian life under Israeli occupation.
Don't characterize replications as successes or failures
Authors: Gelman Andrew
Published: July 2018

No replication is truly direct, and I recommend moving away from the classification of replications as “direct” or “conceptual” to a framework in which we accept that treatment effects vary across conditions. Relatedly, we should stop labeling replications as successes or failures and instead use continuous measures to compare different studies, again using meta-analysis of raw data where possible.
Why replication has more scientific value than original discovery
Authors: Ioannidis John P. A.
Published: July 2018

The presumed dominance of “original discovery” over replication is an anomaly. Original discovery has more value than replication primarily when scientific investigation can immediately generate numerous discoveries most of which are true and accurate. This scenario is uncommon. A model shows how original discovery claims typically have small or even negative value. Science becomes worthy mostly because of replication.
Selecting target papers for replication
Authors: Kuehberger Anton , Schulte-Mecklenbeck Michael
Published: July 2018

Randomness in the selection process of to-be-replicated target papers is critical for replication success or failure. If target papers are chosen because of the ease of doing a replication, or because replicators doubt the reported findings, replications are likely to fail. To date, the selection of replication targets is biased.
Direct replication and clinical psychological science
Authors: Lilienfeld Scott O.
Published: July 2018

Zwaan et al. make a compelling case for the necessity of direct replication in psychological science. I build on their arguments by underscoring the necessity of direct implication for two domains of clinical psychological science: the evaluation of psychotherapy outcome and the construct validity of psychological measures.
Constraints on generality statements are needed to define direct replication
Authors: Simons Daniel J. , Shoda Yuichi , Lindsay D. Stephen
Published: July 2018

Whether or not a replication attempt counts as “direct” often cannot be determined definitively after the fact as a result of flexibility in how procedural differences are interpreted. Specifying constraints on generality in original articles can eliminate ambiguity in advance, thereby leading to a more cumulative science.
Interdependent policy instrument preferences: a two-mode network approach
Authors: Metz Florence , Leifeld Philip , Ingold Karin
Published: July 2018

In policymaking, actors are likely to take the preferences of others into account when strategically positioning themselves. However, there is a lack of research that conceives of policy preferences as an interdependent system. In order to analyse interdependencies, we link actors to their policy preferences in water protection, which results in an actor-instrument network. As actors exhibit multiple preferences, a complex two-mode network between actors and policies emerges. We analyse whether actors exhibit interdependent preference profiles given shared policy objectives or social interactions among them. By fitting an exponential random graph model to the actor-instrument network, we find considerable clustering, meaning that actors tend to exhibit preferences for multiple policy instruments in common. Actors tend to exhibit interdependent policy preferences when they are interconnected, that is, they collaborate with each other. By contrast, actors are less likely to share policy preferences when a conflict line divides them.
Cost-effectiveness ofHelicobacter pyloriscreening followed by eradication treatment for employees in Japan
Authors: Kowada A.
Published: July 2018

Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Gastric cancer screening using upper gastrointestinal series, endoscopy and serological testing has been performed in population-based (employee-based and community-based) and opportunistic cancer screening in Japan. There were 45 531 gastric cancer deaths in 2016, with the low screening and detection rates.Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) screening followed by eradication treatment is recommended in high-risk population settings to reduce gastric cancer incidence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness ofH. pyloriscreening followed by eradication treatment for a high-risk population in the occupational health setting. Decision trees and Markov models were developed for two strategies;H. pyloriantibody test (HPA) screening and no screening. Targeted populations were hypothetical cohorts of employees aged 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 years using a company health payer perspective on a lifetime horizon. Per-person costs and effectiveness (quality-adjusted life-years) were calculated and compared. HPA screening yielded greater benefits at the lower cost than no screening. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses using Monte-Carlo simulation showed strong robustness of the results.H. pyloriscreening followed by eradication treatment is recommended to prevent gastric cancer for employees in Japan, on the basis of cost-effectiveness.
Effects of reducing frame rate from 7.5 to 4 frames per second on radiation exposure in transcatheter atrial septal defect closure
Authors: Boudjemline Younes
Published: July 2018

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the reduction of frame rate from 7.5 to 4 frames per second on radiation exposure and to provide new standards of radiation exposure.

Background

Frame rate is a large contributor to radiation exposure. The use of 4 frames per second for closure of atrial septal defects has been reported not to affect the level of radiation exposure.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed radiation data from all patients referred to our catheterisation laboratory for closure of an atrial septal defect between January, 2015 and June, 2017. Fluoroscopic time, dose area product (μGy.m2), and total air kerma (mGy) were collected. These values were compared according to the frame rate used for closure of atrial septal defects.

Results

A total of 49 atrial septal defects were closed using 7.5 frames per second and 85 using 4 frames per second. Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. Procedural success was similar in both groups (100 versus 98.8%). Median total air kerma and dose area product were statistically lower in the 4 frames per second group (4 versus 1.3 mGy [p=0.00012]), 43.7 versus 13.1 μGy.m2 [p<0.00001]). There was no increase in median procedure and fluoroscopic times (respectively, 10 and 1.1 min for 7.5 and 4 frames per second), or complications (4.1 versus 2.3%, p>0.05).

Conclusion

Reduction of frame rate allows reducing significantly the radiation exposure while maintaining excellent clinical results in transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects. We recommend implementing this little change in every laboratory in order to achieve drastic reduction of radiation exposure to the patients and laboratory personnel.
Transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defect with two different devices
Authors: Atik Sezen U. , Saltik Levent
Published: July 2018

Transcatheter closure of a multi-hole perimembranous ventricular septal defect with an aneurysm is challenging. Specific ventricular septal defect closure devices have been developed, but some occluders are reportedly used in an off-label manner. This report describes a child who had a multi-hole perimembranous ventricular septal defect with an aneurysm and underwent successful transcatheter closure using two different occluders: the Occlutech Duct Occluder (Occlutech, Helsingborg, Sweden) and the Amplatzer Duct Occluder II (St. Jude Medical, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America). Transcatheter closure of a multi-hole perimembranous ventricular septal defect with an aneurysm using these two different devices can be performed safely by an experienced interventionist in selected patients.
The stickiness of affect in architectural practice: the image-making practice of Reiser + Umemoto, RUR Architecture DPC
Authors: Kidd Akari Nakai
Published: July 2018

Many disciplines have taken an ‘affectual’ turn, from the philosophical lineage of Spinoza, Nietzsche to Deleuze & Guattari where affects constitute bodies according to capacities and processes of becoming, to more recent engagements with ‘new materiality’ that has redirected attention to the expressive properties of materials - matter's relational, interactive and affective capacities. Affect and its indeterminacy as a concept encourage different interpretations. This paper is situated in this complex theoretical landscape. Although numerous studies have examined how affect emerges in- and through- the occupation of architectural spaces, little analytical attention has been paid to the creative process of design and the role that affect plays in the many contingencies that arise in the process. In this context and specifically, this article explores the production and circulation of affect within architectural practices invested in image-making processes. Importantly, it illustrates how affective aspects of image-making in architecture plays a role in the process of design. The study concentrates first on the work of Sara Ahmed who provides a critical engagement with affect as a sticky process, and then extending this to incorporate such things as sticky images. An analysis of the architectural practice of Reiser +Umemoto, RUR Architecture DPC and their project for Kaohsiung Port Terminal is put forward to show how images and image-making can inform and be informed by the design process, and moreover, how they can produce certain affective economies. The article explores the usefulness affect theory in architectural discourse to provide other ways of conceptualising architectural practice beyond being governed by the generations of actual objects and clear processes of production.
Political Turbulence and Stalemate in Contemporary Malaysia: Oligarchic Reconstitutions and Insecurities
Authors: Khoo Boo Teik
Published: July 2018

Malaysian politics has been turbulent over the past two decades, as seen in the damaged tradition of leadership transition, non-violent revolts against successive regimes, and unstable realignments of opposing forces. Two startling symptoms point to disorder. One is the heavy electoral losses and loss of legitimacy suffered by the post-Mahathir regimes. The other is the political re-entry of Anwar Ibrahim and Mahathir Mohamad. The persisting turbulence raises certain questions. Why has the ruling party, the United Malays National Organization, been susceptible to internal fighting, being at once a source of hegemonic stability and systemic instability? Why has the apex of the United Malays National Organization repeatedly jeopardised its traditions of leadership succession? Why has one leader, Mahathir Mohamad, been involved in all the disputes? How did the crisis of the party, not just the regime, become intimately tied to economic crisis? Conventional paradigmatic explanations of Malaysian politics – inter-ethnic rivalry in a plural society, elite solidarity, and regime type (semi-democratic, hybrid, or competitive authoritarian) – are of little help even if ethnicity, elite conduct, and authoritarian rule are relevant. Instead, this essay suggests that the turbulence is part of a long trajectory of oligarchic reconstitution bound to a peculiar nexus of state, ethnicity, and class. The paper does not construct a theory of Malaysian politics. It offers a historically informed exploration of a leitmotif of an unfinished project that runs through much of the past 20 years of political conflict and struggle.
Injury Criteria Associated with Soybean Exposure to Dicamba
Authors: Foster Matthew R. , Griffin James L.
Published: July 2018

Research conducted in the field identified 14 injury criteria associated with dicamba (Clarity® diglycolamine salt) applied at 0.6 to 280 g ae ha–1(1/1,000 to 1/2 of 560 g ha–1use rate) to indeterminate soybean at V3/V4 or R1/R2. For each criterion, injury was rated using a scale of 0=no injury, 1=slight, 2=slight to moderate, 3=moderate, 4=moderate to severe, and 5=severe. Greatest crop injury 15 d after treatment (DAT) was observed for dicamba rates of 0.6 to 4.4 g ha–1for upper canopy pale leaf margins (3.8 to 4.2) at V3/V4 and for terminal leaf cupping (4.1 to 5.0) at R1/R2, and for rates of 0.6 to 8.8 g ha–1for upper canopy leaf cupping (3.8 to 4.8) and upper canopy leaf surface crinkling (3.4 to 4.4) at V3/V4. Injury 15 DAT was equivalent to the nontreated control for dicamba rates as high as 4.4 g ha–1for lower stem base swelling at V3/V4 and for upper canopy leaf rollover/inversion and terminal leaf necrosis at R1/R2; for rates as high as 8.8 g ha–1for leaf petiole base swelling and stem epinasty at R1/R2, and lower stem base lesions/cracking (V3/V4 and R1/R2 average); and for rates as high as 17.5 g ha–1for lower leaf soil contact at V3/V4 and leaf petiole droop at R1/R2. The response to increasing dicamba rate observed for the injury criteria was in contrast to the steady increase in visual injury and plant height reduction rated as 0 to 100%. The moderate to severe upper canopy leaf cupping, pale leaf margins, and leaf surface crinkling, and terminal leaf cupping 15 DAT with dicamba at 0.6 to 4.4 g ha–1corresponded to soybean yield loss of 1% to 9% for application at V3/V4 and 2% to 17% at R1/R2.
Self-Harm and Suicide Coverage in Sri Lankan Newspapers
Authors: Brandt Sørensen Jane , Pearson Melissa , Andersen Martin Wolf , Weerasinghe Manjula , Rathnaweera Manjula , Rathnapala D. G. Chathumini , Eddleston Michael , Konradsen Flemming
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Background: Irresponsible media reporting may influence suicidal behavior. Adherence to guidelines for responsible reporting of suicide has not been examined in Sri Lanka in recent times. Aims: To examine the quality of reporting on self-harm and suicide in Sri Lankan newspapers and compare the quality between Sinhala and English newspapers. Method: From December 1, 2014 to January 31, 2015, 407 editions of newspapers were screened. Reporting quality was measured using the PRINTQUAL tool. Results: We identified 68 articles covering an episode of self-harm or suicide (42 Sinhala and 26 English). The majority of articles were noncompliant with guidelines for sensitive reporting. Indicators of noncompliance included that newspaper articles frequently reported method in the headline (53%), included detailed characteristics of the individual (100%), used insensitive language (58% of English articles), and attributed a single-factor cause to the self-harm (52%). No information about help-seeking was included. Limitations: The study involved a relatively short period of data collection. Including social media, Tamil language newspapers, and online publications would have provided additional understanding of reporting practices. Conclusion: The majority of Sri Lankan newspapers did not follow the principles of good reporting, indicating a need for further training of journalists.
A New Method of Three‐Dimensional Location for Low‐Frequency Electric Field Detection Array
Authors: Fan X. P. , Zhang Y. J. , Zheng D. , Zhang Y. , Lyu W. T. , Liu H. Y. , Xu L. T.
Published: July 2018

We introduce the empirical mode decomposition algorithm and applied low‐frequency filtering and high‐frequency noise reduction to the waveform of the electric field changes recorded in 1‐ms segments. This algorithm greatly improved the accuracy of the peak time extraction and the number of pulses in the low and very low frequency band, which enhanced the accuracy in positioning the pulse of the electric field change. Compared with the previous algorithm, the algorithm can significantly reduce the time error, giving a better positioning result. With a time error estimate of 100 ns and a limit of goodness of fit less than 5, the number of pulse locations is increased by nearly 7 times. The goodness‐of‐fit distribution of the pulse location results had a normal distribution, and the 95% confidence interval of goodness of fit was 0–4; the corresponding positioning space error was <60 m. The continuity of the lightning channel was significantly improved, and the development characteristics and fine structure of the lightning channel were clearly distinguished. The low‐frequency electric field detection array system gave detailed positioning results for a bolt from the blue lightning strike. By comparing the results from the low‐frequency electric field detection array with the actual lightning strike point, we objectively demonstrated the positioning performance of the new algorithm. The system gave positioning results for the lightning for all seven return strokes. The maximum horizontal distance between the locating point and the real lightning strike point was 57 m, the minimum horizontal distance between them was 3 m, and the mean distance was 27 m.
Correction: Maternal deprivation induces alterations in cognitive and cortical function in adulthood
Authors: Janetsian-Fritz Sarine S. , Timme Nicholas M. , Timm Maureen M. , McCane Aqilah M. , Baucum Anthony J. , O’Donnell Brian F. , Lapish Christopher C.
Published: July 2018

The original version of this Article omitted the author Maureen M. Timm from the Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow
Authors: Gaume J. , Gast T. , Teran J. , van Herwijnen A. , Jiang C.
Published: July 2018

Continuum numerical modeling of dynamic crack propagation has been a great challenge over the past decade. This is particularly the case for anticracks in porous materials, as reported in sedimentary rocks, deep earthquakes, landslides, and snow avalanches, as material inter-penetration further complicates the problem. Here, on the basis of a new elastoplasticity model for porous cohesive materials and a large strain hybrid Eulerian–Lagrangian numerical method, we accurately reproduced the onset and propagation dynamics of anticracks observed in snow fracture experiments. The key ingredient consists of a modified strain-softening plastic flow rule that captures the complexity of porous materials under mixed-mode loading accounting for the interplay between cohesion loss and volumetric collapse. Our unified model represents a significant step forward as it simulates solid-fluid phase transitions in geomaterials which is of paramount importance to mitigate and forecast gravitational hazards.
A Zika virus vaccine expressing premembrane-envelope-NS1 polyprotein
Authors: Li Anzhong , Yu Jingyou , Lu Mijia , Ma Yuanmei , Attia Zayed , Shan Chao , Xue Miaoge , Liang Xueya , Craig Kelsey , Makadiya Nirajkumar , He Jennifer J. , Jennings Ryan , Shi Pei-Yong , Peeples Mark E. , Liu Shan-Lu , Boyaka Prosper N. , Li Jianrong
Published: July 2018

Current efforts to develop Zika virus (ZIKV) subunit vaccines have been focused on pre-membrane (prM) and envelope (E) proteins, but the role of NS1 in ZIKV-specific immune response and protection is poorly understood. Here, we develop an attenuated recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV)-based vaccine expressing ZIKV prM-E-NS1 as a polyprotein. This vectored vaccine candidate is attenuated in mice, where a single immunization induces ZIKV-specific antibody and T cell immune responses that provide protection against ZIKV challenge. Co-expression of prM, E, and NS1 induces significantly higher levels of Th2 and Th17 cytokine responses than prM-E. In addition, NS1 alone is capable of conferring partial protection against ZIKV infection in mice even though it does not induce neutralizing antibodies. These results demonstrate that attenuated rVSV co-expressing prM, E, and NS1 is a promising vaccine candidate for protection against ZIKV infection and highlights an important role for NS1 in ZIKV-specific cellular immune responses.
Genomic instability in mutant p53 cancer cells upon entotic engulfment
Authors: Mackay Hannah L. , Moore David , Hall Callum , Birkbak Nicolai J. , Jamal-Hanjani Mariam , Karim Saadia A. , Phatak Vinaya M. , Piñon Lucia , Morton Jennifer P. , Swanton Charles , Le Quesne John , Muller Patricia A. J.
Published: July 2018

Cell-in-cell (CIC) structures are commonly seen in tumours. Their biological significance remains unclear, although they have been associated with more aggressive tumours. Here we report that mutant p53 promotes CIC via live cell engulfment. Engulfed cells physically interfere in cell divisions of host cells and for cells without p53 this leads to host cell death. In contrast, mutant p53 host cells survive, display aberrant divisions, multinucleation and tripolar mitoses. In xenograft studies, CIC-rich p53 mutant/null co-cultures show enhanced tumour growth. Furthermore, our results show that CIC is common within lung adenocarcinomas, is an independent predictor of poor outcome and disease recurrence, is associated with mutant p53 expression and correlated to measures of heterogeneity and genomic instability. These findings suggest that pro-tumorigenic entotic engulfment activity is associated with mutant p53 expression, and the two combined are a key factor in genomic instability.
Locomotor recovery following contusive spinal cord injury does not require oligodendrocyte remyelination
Authors: Duncan Greg J. , Manesh Sohrab B. , Hilton Brett J. , Assinck Peggy , Liu Jie , Moulson Aaron , Plemel Jason R. , Tetzlaff Wolfram
Published: July 2018

Remyelination occurs after spinal cord injury (SCI) but its functional relevance is unclear. We assessed the necessity of myelin regulatory factor (Myrf) in remyelination after contusive SCI by deleting the gene from platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha positive (PDGFRα-positive) oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) in mice prior to SCI. While OPC proliferation and density are not altered by Myrf inducible knockout after SCI, the accumulation of new oligodendrocytes is largely prevented. This greatly inhibits myelin regeneration, resulting in a 44% reduction in myelinated axons at the lesion epicenter. However, spontaneous locomotor recovery after SCI is not altered by remyelination failure. In controls with functional MYRF, locomotor recovery precedes the onset of most oligodendrocyte myelin regeneration. Collectively, these data demonstrate that MYRF expression in PDGFRα-positive cell derived oligodendrocytes is indispensable for myelin regeneration following contusive SCI but that oligodendrocyte remyelination is not required for spontaneous recovery of stepping.
Highly sensitive switching of solid-state luminescence by controlling intersystem crossing
Authors: Zhao Weijun , He Zikai , Peng Qian , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Ma Huili , Qiu Zijie , Chen Yuncong , Zhao Zheng , Shuai Zhigang , Dong Yongqiang , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: July 2018

The development of intelligent materials, in particular those showing the highly sensitive mechanoresponsive luminescence (MRL), is desirable but challenging. Here we report a design strategy for constructing high performance On–Off MRL materials by introducing nitrophenyl groups to molecules with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristic. The on–off methodology employed is based on the control of the intersystem crossing (ISC) process. Experimental and theoretical investigations reveal that the nitrophenyl group effectively opens the nonradiative ISC channel to impart the high sensitivity and contrast On–Off behavior. On the other hand, the twisted AIE luminogen core endows enhanced reversibility and reduces the pressure required for the luminescence switching. Thin films can be readily fabricated from the designed materials to allow versatile applications in optical information recording and haptic sensing. The proposed design strategy thus provides a big step to expand the scope of the unique On–Off MRL family.
Generating high-order optical and spin harmonics from ferromagnetic monolayers
Authors: Zhang G. P. , Si M. S. , Murakami M. , Bai Y. H. , George Thomas F.
Published: July 2018

High-order harmonic generation (HHG) in solids has entered a new phase of intensive research, with envisioned band-structure mapping on an ultrashort time scale. This partly benefits from a flurry of new HHG materials discovered, but so far has missed an important group. HHG in magnetic materials should have profound impact on future magnetic storage technology advances. Here we introduce and demonstrate HHG in ferromagnetic monolayers. We find that HHG carries spin information and sensitively depends on the relativistic spin–orbit coupling; and if they are dispersed into the crystal momentum k space, harmonics originating from real transitions can be k-resolved and carry the band structure information. Geometrically, the HHG signal is sensitive to spatial orientations of monolayers. Different from the optical counterpart, the spin HHG, though probably weak, only appears at even orders, a consequence of SU(2) symmetry. Our findings open an unexplored frontier—magneto-high-order harmonic generation.
Publisher Correction: Long-haul optical transmission link using low-noise phase-sensitive amplifiers
Authors: Olsson Samuel L. I. , Eliasson Henrik , Astra Egon , Karlsson Magnus , Andrekson Peter A.
Published: July 2018

The original version of this Article incorrectly listed an affiliation of Samuel L.I. Olsson as ‘Thomas Johann Seebeck Department of Electronics, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn 19086, Estonia’, instead of the correct ‘Present address: Nokia Bell Labs, 791 Holmdel Road, Holmdel, NJ 07733, USA’. Similarly, Egon Astra had an incorrect affiliation of ‘Present address: Nokia Bell Labs, 791 Holmdel Road, Holmdel, NJ 07733, USA’, instead of the correct ‘Thomas Johann Seebeck Department of Electronics, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn 19086, Estonia’. This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Author Correction: The impact of circulating preeclampsia-associated extracellular vesicles on the migratory activity and phenotype of THP-1 monocytic cells
Authors: Kovács Árpád Ferenc , Láng Orsolya , Turiák Lilla , Ács András , Kőhidai László , Fekete Nóra , Alasztics Bálint , Mészáros Tamás , Buzás Edit Irén , Rigó János , Pállinger Éva
Published: July 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Ultra-subwavelength thickness for dual/triple-band metamaterial absorber at very low frequency
Authors: Khuyen Bui Xuan , Tung Bui Son , Kim Young Ju , Hwang Ji Sub , Kim Ki Won , Rhee Joo Yull , Lam Vu Dinh , Kim Yong Hwan , Lee YoungPak
Published: July 2018

An integrated model utilizing external parasitic capacitors for a dual-band metamaterial perfect absorber (DMPA) is proposed and demonstrated in the UHF radio band. By adjusting the lumped capacitors on a simple meta-surface, the thickness of absorber is reduced to be only 1/378 and 1/320 with respect to the operating wavelength at 305 and 360.5 MHz, respectively. The simulations and the experiments confirm that the DMPA can maintain an absorption over 91% in a wide range of incident angle (up to 55°) and independent of the polarization of incident radiation. Additionally, we examine the integrated model for smaller dual-band absorber and absorption performance at higher frequencies (LTE band). Finally, we consolidate our approach by fabricating an ultrathin triple-band perfect absorber miniaturized to be only 1/591 of the longest operating wavelength. Our work is expected to contribute to the actualization of metamaterial-based devices working at radio frequency.
Mitochondrial genomes reveal an east to west cline of steppe ancestry in Corded Ware populations
Authors: Juras Anna , Chyleński Maciej , Ehler Edvard , Malmström Helena , Żurkiewicz Danuta , Włodarczak Piotr , Wilk Stanisław , Peška Jaroslav , Fojtík Pavel , Králík Miroslav , Libera Jerzy , Bagińska Jolanta , Tunia Krzysztof , Klochko Viktor I. , Dabert Miroslawa , Jakobsson Mattias , Kośko Aleksander
Published: July 2018

From around 4,000 to 2,000 BC the forest-steppe north-western Pontic region was occupied by people who shared a nomadic lifestyle, pastoral economy and barrow burial rituals. It has been shown that these groups, especially those associated with the Yamnaya culture, played an important role in shaping the gene pool of Bronze Age Europeans, which extends into present-day patterns of genetic variation in Europe. Although the genetic impact of these migrations from the forest-steppe Pontic region into central Europe have previously been addressed in several studies, the contribution of mitochondrial lineages to the people associated with the Corded Ware culture in the eastern part of the North European Plain remains contentious. In this study, we present mitochondrial genomes from 23 Late Eneolithic and Bronze Age individuals, including representatives of the north-western Pontic region and the Corded Ware culture from the eastern part of the North European Plain. We identified, for the first time in ancient populations, the rare mitochondrial haplogroup X4 in two Bronze Age Catacomb culture-associated individuals. Genetic similarity analyses show close maternal genetic affinities between populations associated with both eastern and Baltic Corded Ware culture, and the Yamnaya horizon, in contrast to larger genetic differentiation between populations associated with western Corded Ware culture and the Yamnaya horizon. This indicates that females with steppe ancestry contributed to the formation of populations associated with the eastern Corded Ware culture while more local people, likely of Neolithic farmer ancestry, contributed to the formation of populations associated with western Corded Ware culture.
Olfactory-cued navigation in shearwaters: linking movement patterns to mechanisms
Authors: Abolaffio Milo , Reynolds Andy M. , Cecere Jacopo G. , Paiva Vitor H. , Focardi Stefano
Published: July 2018

After foraging in the open ocean pelagic birds can pinpoint their breeding colonies, located on remote islands in visually featureless seascapes. This remarkable ability to navigate over vast distances has been attributed to the birds being able to learn an olfactory map on the basis of wind-borne odors. Odor-cued navigation has been linked mechanistically to displacements with exponentially-truncated power-law distributions. Such distributions were previously identified in three species of Atlantic and Mediterranean shearwaters but crucially it has not been demonstrated that these distributions are wind-speed dependent, as expected if navigation was olfactory-cued. Here we show that the distributions are wind-speed dependent, in accordance with theoretical expectations. We thereby link movement patterns to underlying generative mechanisms. Our novel analysis is consistent with the results of more traditional, non-mathematical, invasive methods and thereby provides independent evidence for olfactory-cued navigation in wild birds. Our non-invasive diagnostic tool can be applied across taxa, potentially allowing for the assessment of its pervasiveness.