bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels in Basal Ganglia Neurodegenerative
Disorders
Authors: Correa Bernardo H.M. , Moreira Carlos Roberto , Hildebrand Michael E. , Vieira Luciene Bruno
Published: March 2022

Calcium (Ca2+) plays a central role in regulating many cellular processes and influences
cell survival. Several mechanisms can disrupt Ca2+ homeostasis to trigger cell death, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis.
Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs) act as the main source of Ca2+ entry into electrically excitable cells, such as neurons, and they are also expressed in glial cells such as astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. The dysregulation of VGCC activity has been reported in both Parkinson's disease (PD)
and Huntington's (HD). PD and HD are progressive neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) of the basal
ganglia characterized by motor impairment as well as cognitive and psychiatric dysfunctions. This
review will examine the putative role of neuronal VGCCs in the pathogenesis and treatment of central movement disorders, focusing on PD and HD. The link between basal ganglia disorders and
VGCC physiology will provide a framework for understanding the neurodegenerative processes that
occur in PD and HD, as well as a possible path towards identifying new therapeutic targets for the
treatment of these debilitating disorders.
Mechanism of Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Multitarget Disease-
Modifying Therapy for Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Unnisa Aziz , Dua Kamal , Kamal Mohammad Amjad
Published: March 2022

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders, affecting
the basal nuclei, causing impairment of motor and cognitive functions. Loss of dopaminergic
(DAergic) neurons or their degeneration and the aggregation of Lewy bodies is the hallmark of this
disease. The medications used to treat PD relieve the symptoms and maintain quality of life, but currently,
there is no cure. There is a need for the development of therapies that can cease or perhaps
reverse neurodegeneration effectively. With the rapid advancements in cell replacement therapy
techniques, medical professionals are trying to find a cure by which restoration of dopamine neurotransmitters
can occur. Researchers have started focusing on cell-based therapies using mesenchymal
stem cells (MSCs) due to their abundance in the body, the ability of proliferation, and immunomodulation.
Here we review the MSC-based treatment in Parkinson's disease and the various
mechanisms it repairs DAergic neurons in parkinsonian patients.
Psychosocial Palliative Care in ICU for a Metastatic Breast
Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Kumar Piyush , Garg Ayush
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Palliative care does not always mean an active
treatment but maybe in the form of counseling and psychosocial
support. We present a case of metastatic breast cancer where
the psychosocial principle of palliative care was applied.
Case History: A 20-year-old breast cancer patient was
treated with surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy before
it metastasized to lung and liver. The disease was slowly
progressing, and she was deteriorating symptomatically in
terms of breathlessness. The father of the patient informed
about the marriage of her younger daughter after one week and
was not able to take care of the elder daughter (patient). We
assured him to help during admission while he may continue
his preparations for the marriage. The patient had developed
pleural effusion for which she was treated by pulmonologist by
tapping the pleural fluid. One day before the marriage of her
younger sister, the condition of the patient started deteriorating.
On phone consultation and the consent, we shifted the patient
in ICU. It was a very difficult decision for a father to take care of
both her daughters at the same time. We counseled the father
and brother not to worry and assured them all logistic help
during the duration of stay in the hospital while he may continue
his preparations for the marriage of his younger daughter. The
patient expired on the day of marriage, and the father was
humbly informed about the bad news. The patient was kept in
mortuary. The father approached the hospital authorities after
two days to collect the body of his daughter. The father and son
were very grateful about the help that they received from the
institute, our team of doctors and paramedical staff.
Conclusion: In the terminal phase of cancer, we need to
approach patients as a family physician rather than treating
oncologist.
ІНФОРМАТИВНІСТЬ ІНТРАОПЕРАЦІЙНОЇ ЕКСПРЕС-ГІСТОЛОГІЧНОЇ ДІАГНОСТИКИ ДЛЯ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ТАКТИКИ ТА ОБ’ЄМУ ОПЕРАТИВНОГО ЛІКУВАННЯ ПРИ ПАТОЛОГІЇ ЩИТОПОДІБНОЇ ТА ПРИЩИТОПОДІБНИХ ЗАЛОЗ
Authors: Караченцев Юрій , Хазієв Вадим , Герасименко Леонід , Дубовик Віктор , Дорош Олена , Сазонов Максим , Філоненко Наталія , Соколова Світлана
Published: March 2022

Інтраопераційна експрес-гістологічна діагностика знайшла своє широке використання в хірургії, зокрема при оперативних втручаннях на щитоподібній та прищітоподібній залозах. Досить часто передопераціної діагностики для встановлення діагнозу та вибору об’єму оперативного втручання буває недостатньо, в таких випадках методом вибору являється інтраопераційна експрес-гістологічна діагностика. Мета дослідження. Оцінити інформативність інтраопераційного експрес-гістологічного дослідження у виявленні онкопатології задля визначення адекватного об’єму хірургічного втручання при операціях на щитоподібній та паращитоподібних залозах.
Матеріали та методи. Проведено аналіз 6140 операцій з приводу вузлової патології ЩЗ, що виконані протягом 6 років (2015–2020 рр.) на базі хірургічного відділення клініки Державна установа «Інститут проблем ендокринної патології ім. В. Я. Данилевського Національної академії медичних наук України». Обчислено основні статистичні показники інтраопераційного експрес-гістологічного дослідження у виявленні онкопатології, зокрема чутливість, специфічність та діагностичну цінність методу.
Результати. Відсоток істинопозитивних результатів при проведенні інтраопераційного експресгістологічного дослідження окремо по роках коливався в межах 86,2–97,9 %. При оцінці чутливості, специфічності, прогностичної цінності та точності методів встановлено, що вищезазначені показники збільшувалися: чутливість — з 88,4 до 98,7 %; специфічність — з 95,3 до 99,3 %; прогностична цінність позитивного результату — з 79,9 до 94,4 %; прогностична цінність негативного результату — з 94,4 до 98,7 % та точність — з 92,3 до 98,87 %, що вказує на досить високу ефективність проведення вищезазначеного дослідження. Сполучення патології прищитоподібних залоз з іншими тиреоїдними захворюваннями значно утруднює доопераційну верифікацію злоякісного процесу, але точно верифікується при експрес-гістологічного дослідження у 100 % (за нашими даними на п’ять операцій з приводу підозри на рак прищитоподібних залоз верифіковано п’ять раків), а при раку прищитоподібних залоз виявляється інвазія в оточуючі тканини. У зв’язку з чим для вибору раціональної тактики хірургічного втручання значно підвищується значення інтраопераційного експрес-гістологічного дослідження.
Висновки. Задля більш чіткого диференціювання злоякісних пухлин і надання можливості частішого застосування органозберігаючих оперативних втручань необхідно застосувати інтраопераційне експрес-гістологічне дослідження.
ФОРМУВАННЯ ЗАХИСНОЇ ПОВЕДІНКИ МОЛОДИХ ЩУРІВ ЗА УМОВ ТИРЕОДИСФУНКЦІЇ
Authors: Демченко Олена , Родинський Олександр , Козлова Юлія , Козлов Сергій , Родинська Галина , Тітов Герман
Published: March 2022

Тиреоїдна дисфункція супроводжується розладами психоемоційного статусу організму. Патогенез цих розладів потребує поглибленого дослідження. Мета роботи – дослідження нейромедіаторного механізму когнітивної активності молодих щурів за умов тиреоїдної дисфункції, що може бути основою розробки методів корекції психоемоційного компоненту даних патологій.
Матеріали і методи. Поведінкову активність досліджували в піднесеному хрестоподібному лабіринті і тесті Полсорта; формування просторової пам’яті вивчали у водному лабіринті Морріса та у 8-променевому харчовому лабіринті. Вміст гліцину, гамма-аміномасляної кислоти (ГАМК), глутамату, серотоніну у неокортексі і гіпокампі визначали хроматографічно.
Результати. За умов експериментального гіпертиреозу у молодих щурів вияв­лено підвищення кількості переходів у світлі рукави лабіринту на 88 %, а тривалості знаходження в них у 2,3 рази, а також прискорення появи першої рухової активності в тесті Полсорта на 21 %. Зменшення тривожності й оптимізація просторової пам’яті щурів супроводжувалися суттєвим підвищенням вмісту ГАМК у неокортексі (51 %), глутамату в гіпокампі (25 %) і серотоніну в корі та гіпокампі (25–33 %). Установлено, що за умов експериментального гіпотиреозу формується депресивноподібний стан, що віддзеркалено у значному підвищенні у 4.2 рази тривалості перших завмирань, а також часу появи рухової активності в тесті Полсорта на 32 %. Анксіогенний ефект супроводжується подовженням (22 %) латентного періоду захисної реакції в лабіринті Морріса. Когнітивний і поведінковий дефіцит характеризувався відсутністю накопичення ГАМК за підвищеного рівня серотоніну в неокортексі (37 %), а також суттєвим зростанням вмісту глутамату в гіпокампі (43 %).
Висновки. Підвищення вмісту ГАМК на фоні збільшення вмісту глутамату в гіпокампі при гіпертиреозі забезпечує анксіолітичний ефект і підтримку мнестичної активності щурів, а надмірне зростання вмісту глутамату в гіпокампі на тлі підвищення вмісту серотоніну в неокортексі за відсутності накопичення ГАМК при гіпотиреозі викликає екзайтотоксичний ефект і супроводжується формуванням депресивноподібного стану та погіршенням просторової пам’яті.
ХІМІЧНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА БІОМЕМБРАН ГРАНУЛОЦИТІВ ПЕРИФЕРИЧНОЇ КРОВІ У ЧАСТО ХВОРИХ ДІТЕЙ ІЗ СИНДРОМОМ ВЕГЕТАТИВНИХ ДИСФУНКЦІЙ ТА НАДЛИШКОВОЮ МАСОЮ ТІЛА
Authors: Попов Микола , Лядова Тетяна , Оленич Віра , Огнівенко Олена , Савво Олексій , Сухоносова Ольга
Published: March 2022

Діти, що часто хворіють (ЧХД), складають особливу групу пацієнтів, яка потребує пильної уваги з боку лікарів-фахівців. Особливо це стосується народжених недоношеними дітей із перинатальним ураженням центральної нервової системи (ЦНС), у яких надалі розвився синдром вегетативних дисфункцій, надлишкова вага та нижча імунореактивність порівняно зі здоровими однолітками.
Мета роботи – дослідити стан біохімічного показника імунокомпетентних клітин (фосфоліпідний (ФЛ) склад мембран гранулоцитів) у дітей, що часто хворіють, із синдромом вегетативної дисфункції та надлишковою вагою, які народилися недоношеними з перинатальним ураженням ЦНС.
Матеріали та методи. Обстежено 68 дітей віком 6-7 років з групи ЧХД, яких розподілили у такий спосіб: 1 група — 36 дітей з синдромом вегетативних дисфункцій (СВД) з надлишковою вагою (перевищення вікової норми на 24-30 %), що народилися недоношеними з перинатальним гіпоксично-ішемічним ураженням ЦНС (1 група) та 32 дитини з СВД, які мають нормальну масу тіла (2 група). Групу контролю склали 30 здорових дітей. Програма біохімічних досліджень полягала у дослідженні ФЛ-складу мембран гранулоцитів.
Результати. Вивчення ФЛ-складу мембран гранулоцитів крові в групах дослідження встановило вірогідні відмінності проти зазначених показників групи контролю. Отримані дані свідчать про збільшення вмісту ненасичених жирних кислот і порушеня співвідношення насичені / ненасичені жирні кислоти біомембран клітин крові у ЧХД. Це також супроводжувалося підвищенням окиснення ліпідів мембран, про що свідчили високі рівні лізофосфатидилхолінів. Зокрема, зміни у біомембранах гранулоцитів були більш виразними у групі дітей із СВД та надлишковою масою тіла проти дітей з нормальною вагою.
Висновки. У дітей, що часто хворіють, народжених недоношеними з перинатальним ураженням ЦНС, як з нормальною, так і з надлишковою масою тіла, зміни в імунокомпетентних клітинах відзначаються певними особливостями, які виявляються підвищенням полярності ліпідного компонента та зменшенням відносного вмісту нейтральних ліпідів у біомембранах. Зазначені порушення спричиняють зміни білок-ліпідних взаємодій – змінюється мікров'язкість і структурно-функціональні властивості біомембран. Виявлені зміни біохімічних характеристик мембран більшою мірою відбуваються за умов надлишкової маси тіла. Зазначене дає змогу припустити, що діти з надлишковою вагою додатково до метаболічного мають певні особливості неврологічного та імунного статусу, що реалізуються в умовах змінених індивідуальних реакцій на тлі метаболічних розладів. Це наголошує необхідність використання мультидисциплінарного підходу до проблеми надлишкової ваги у дітей, щоб сприяти не лише зменшенню маси тіла, а й удосконаленню роботи серцево-судинної, нервової та імунної системи.
Characterization of Electronic Health Record Use Outside Scheduled Clinic Hours Among Primary Care Pediatricians: Retrospective Descriptive Task Analysis of Electronic Health Record Access Log Data
Authors: Attipoe Selasi , Hoffman Jeffrey , Rust Steve , Huang Yungui , Barnard John A , Schweikhart Sharon , Hefner Jennifer L , Walker Daniel M , Linwood Simon
Published: March 2022

Background

Many of the benefits of electronic health records (EHRs) have not been achieved at expected levels because of a variety of unintended negative consequences such as documentation burden. Previous studies have characterized EHR use during and outside work hours, with many reporting that physicians spend considerable time on documentation-related tasks. These studies characterized EHR use during and outside work hours using clock time versus actual physician clinic schedules to define the outside work time.

Objective

This study aimed to characterize EHR work outside scheduled clinic hours among primary care pediatricians using a retrospective descriptive task analysis of EHR access log data and actual physician clinic schedules to define work time.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective, exploratory, descriptive task analysis of EHR access log data from primary care pediatricians in September 2019 at a large Midwestern pediatric health center to quantify and identify actions completed outside scheduled clinic hours. Mixed-effects statistical modeling was used to investigate the effects of age, sex, clinical full-time equivalent status, and EHR work during scheduled clinic hours on the use of EHRs outside scheduled clinic hours.

Results

Primary care pediatricians (n=56) in this study generated 1,523,872 access log data points (across 1069 physician workdays) and spent an average of 4.4 (SD 2.0) hours and 0.8 (SD 0.8) hours per physician per workday engaged in EHRs during and outside scheduled clinic hours, respectively. Approximately three-quarters of the time working in EHR during or outside scheduled clinic hours was spent reviewing data and reports. Mixed-effects regression revealed no associations of age, sex, or clinical full-time equivalent status with EHR use during or outside scheduled clinic hours.

Conclusions

For every hour primary care pediatricians spent engaged with the EHR during scheduled clinic hours, they spent approximately 10 minutes interacting with the EHR outside scheduled clinic hours. Most of their time (during and outside scheduled clinic hours) was spent reviewing data, records, and other information in EHR.
Evaluation and Mitigation of Racial Bias in Clinical Machine Learning Models: Scoping Review
Authors: Huang Jonathan , Galal Galal , Etemadi Mozziyar , Vaidyanathan Mahesh
Published: March 2022

Background

Racial bias is a key concern regarding the development, validation, and implementation of machine learning (ML) models in clinical settings. Despite the potential of bias to propagate health disparities, racial bias in clinical ML has yet to be thoroughly examined and best practices for bias mitigation remain unclear.

Objective

Our objective was to perform a scoping review to characterize the methods by which the racial bias of ML has been assessed and describe strategies that may be used to enhance algorithmic fairness in clinical ML.

Methods

A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) Extension for Scoping Reviews. A literature search using PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases, as well as Google Scholar, identified 635 records, of which 12 studies were included.

Results

Applications of ML were varied and involved diagnosis, outcome prediction, and clinical score prediction performed on data sets including images, diagnostic studies, clinical text, and clinical variables. Of the 12 studies, 1 (8%) described a model in routine clinical use, 2 (17%) examined prospectively validated clinical models, and the remaining 9 (75%) described internally validated models. In addition, 8 (67%) studies concluded that racial bias was present, 2 (17%) concluded that it was not, and 2 (17%) assessed the implementation of bias mitigation strategies without comparison to a baseline model. Fairness metrics used to assess algorithmic racial bias were inconsistent. The most commonly observed metrics were equal opportunity difference (5/12, 42%), accuracy (4/12, 25%), and disparate impact (2/12, 17%). All 8 (67%) studies that implemented methods for mitigation of racial bias successfully increased fairness, as measured by the authors’ chosen metrics. Preprocessing methods of bias mitigation were most commonly used across all studies that implemented them.

Conclusions

The broad scope of medical ML applications and potential patient harms demand an increased emphasis on evaluation and mitigation of racial bias in clinical ML. However, the adoption of algorithmic fairness principles in medicine remains inconsistent and is limited by poor data availability and ML model reporting. We recommend that researchers and journal editors emphasize standardized reporting and data availability in medical ML studies to improve transparency and facilitate evaluation for racial bias.
Human Movement Monitoring Simulation Using an IoT-based self-powered TENG Intelligent Chair
Authors: Alanesi Mohammed Hussein Ahmed , Daoguo Yang
Published: March 2022

Abstract: The internet has had a profound effect on human life. Since each individual has distinct movement characteristics, monitoring human motion can enable identity recognition. This paper describes the development of a self-powered triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) band's array for recognizing students' identities in the classroom by collecting movement information derived from electric signals during sitting, standing, turning left and right while sitting, and breathing on the chair. The band's array is soft, stretchy, and cheap, constructed of a rubber tube filled with locally created physiological saline. It can be mounted on the intelligent chair in two positions: seat and backrest. Furthermore, utilizing MATLAB software and a specialized algorithm, the band's array can identify and authenticate students' identification in real-time with an ERR of 19.6 %. Keywords: Intelligent chair; self-powered Triboelectric Nanogenerator; Internet of Things; student motion detection; Identity recognition
Home Security System using Arduino Uno
Authors: Patil Prof. Pallavi , Fabian Ankit , Waghmode Hrithik , Barkul Rushikesh
Published: March 2022

Abstract: As home security has become an important aspect in life and is necessary to be in every home due to the rising crime rates and robbery that is happening in out day to day life. In this work in progress paper we evaluate an application of home security system using Arduino. This project is based on the implementation in the IOT domain home security system which will allow to make homes secure from anywhere in the world. The main objective of this project is it should be cost effective and at the same time also secure, and this can be achieved by the use of IOT devices and other low cost electronic components and using them in such a way to build a secure home security system. This project was remove some of the limitations in the previous home security system apllications. Home security is very useful application of the IOT domain and we will be using it to build a low cost security system that can be addorded by almost everyone. Keywords—Arduino, ESP32 CAM, MQ2 Sensor module, LDR( Photoresistor ), Breadboard.
Concealing RFID: Authentication using Cloud
Authors: Aranjo Prof. Suvarna , Panchal Jay , Sarkar Bhavna , Bagwe Atharva
Published: March 2022

Abstract: RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) has gone from unknown to well-known in recent years as it is frequently employed for security purposes. Because everyone's primary goal is to be safe, our project is heavily focused on security. Because everyone is concerned about data being leaked or misused, this project will ensure that security is increased and that RFID can be used safely. It is a wireless communication technique that allows computers to read the identity of electronic tags from a distance using computers. There are numerous advantages to RFID, but it also has certain disadvantages. This article use card/tag detection to ensure that RFID users are permitted. Radio frequency is the technology that allows smart labels to be attached to objects. As a result, even physical objects can take part in the computing process. It is gaining popularity as a result of its technological advancements and capacity to overcome line-of-sight issues. RFID has become commonplace in smart applications or IoT use cases such as smart education, smart housing, smart healthcare, and smart cities, to name a few. IoT, RFID, and a slew of other technologies and standards make it possible to connect the digital and physical worlds. When RFID technology is used to uniquely identify linked devices and things, it is critical to understand its utility in the authentication process as well as the security concerns that may arise. In wireless communication, RFID tags and RFID readers are used. Keywords: Radio frequency Identification ,smart IoT applications, Internet of Things, cloud-based remote RFID authentication
Emergence of Womens Literature in Theoretical Poetics
Authors: Abdusalamovna Xalova Maftuna
Published: March 2022

Abstract: The article examines "Women's Literature" and its emergence, the theoretical basis. The study of "Women's Literature" in the world literature, as well as the process of its emergence, study and formation in Uzbek literature is described. The contributions of female artists to literature are illuminated by the analysis of their works. Keywords and phrases: concept, lyrical experience, delictics of the heart, artistic skill, analysis and interpretation, poetic world, female heart, mother image, sensitivity of feelings.
Peran Syeikh Ahmad Shohibul Wafa Tajul Arifin (Abah Anom) dalam Mengembangkan Pendidikan di Tanjungkerta, Pager Ageung, Tasikmalaya
Authors: Putri Nurmalia Kusuma , Qodariah Lelly , Armiyati Laely
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi pendidikan, mengetahui peran Abah Anom dalam mengembangkan pendidikan, dan  mengetahui kendala yang dialami Abah Anom dalam mengembangkan pendidikan di Desa Tanjungkerta, Kecamatan Pagerageung, Kabupaten Tasikmalaya melalui pondok pesantren Suryalaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan prosedur pengumpulan datanya adalah: 1) Observasi; 2) Wawancara; 3) Dokumentasi; 4) Tringulasi Data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran Syeikh Ahmad Shohibul Wafa Tajul Arifin dalam mengembangkan pendidikan di desa Tanjungkerta merupakan suatu wujud kesungguhannya untuk mengembangkan pendidikan keagamaan dan pendidikan formal di dalam lingkup Pondok Pesantren Suryalaya.
Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa dengan Menggunakan Model Discovery Learning dalam Pembelajaran Sejarah di SMA Negeri 55 Jakarta
Authors: Prawira Adittyas Setiawan Yudha , Armiyati Laely , Naredi Hari
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dengan menggunakan model discovery learning dalam pembelajaran sejarah di Kelas XI IPS B SMA Negeri 55 Jakarta. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMA Negeri 55 Jakarta tahun ajaran 2018/2019. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Subjek penelitian ini melibatkan siswa Kelas XI IPS B sebanyak 36 siswa. Hasil penelitian pada siklus I ini menunjukkan 13,89% siswa mencapai kategori baik dan siklus II mengalami peningkatan, yakni 88,89% siswa mencapai kategori baik. Nilai rata-rata siswa pada siklus I hanya 62,2 dan meningkat menjadi 84,1 pada siklus II. Artinya, pencapaian kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa melalui model discovery learning pada pembelajaran sejarah Kelas XI IPS B SMA Negeri 55 Jakarta mengalami peningkatan. Berdasarkan uraian di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa menggunakan model discovery learning dalam pembelajaran sejarah Kelas XI IPS B SMA Negeri 55 Jakarta.
Jugun Ianfu: Kekerasan Seksual Terhadap Perempuan Pada Masa Pendudukan Jepang di Jawa Barat Tahun 1942-1945
Authors: Rahma Astrid Dwi , Suswandari Suswandari , Naredi Hari
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan memperoleh gambaran secara menyeluruh bagaimana aktivitas Jugun Ianfu di Jawa Barat, bentuk-bentuk kekerasan terhadap Jugun Ianfu, perlindungan hukum dan pertanggungjawaban Jepang, serta dampak sosial-psikologis korban Jugun Ianfu di Jawa Barat. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian sejarah yang terdiri dari empat langkah, yakni heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses perekrutan Jugun Ianfu dilakukan di daerah-daerah di Jawa Barat seperti Cimahi, Sukabumi, Bogor, dan Sumedang melalui penculikan dan dijanjikan akan dipekerjakan. Berdasarkan pemaparan para korban Jugun Ianfu, mereka seringkali menerima kekerasan-kekerasan seksual yang baik itu dilakukan oleh Tentara Jepang maupun para Perwiranya. Sehingga, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Tentara Jepang sudah melakukan perkosaan, perdagangan orang untuk tujuan seksual, eksplotasi sosial, penyiksaan seksual dan juga perbudakan seksual terhadap perempuan-perempuan remaja di Jawa Barat dan memberikan dampak traumatis bagi mereka yang mengalaminya baik itu secara fisik, dampak terhadap masyarakat dan juga psikologis korban Jugun Ianfu tersebut.
Eksistensi Kesenian Sintren di Kampung Tanjung Kerta, Kecamatan Karang Kancana, Kabupaten Kuningan Jawa Barat
Authors: Gunawan Dea Novianti , Qodariah Lelly , Jumardi Jumardi
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan memperoleh gambaran secara menyeluruh bagaimana eksistensi kesenian Sintren di kampung Tanjung Kerta dan bagaimana rangkaian kesenian Sintren di Tanjung Kerta dan mengetahui bentuk pemanfaatan kesenian Sintren. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan prosedur pengumpulan datanya adalah observasi, wawancara, dokumetasi, dan triangulasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesenian Sintren di kampung Tanjung Kerta merupakan kesenian tradisional yang menunjukkan aktivitas tarian diiringi dengan musik menggunakan alat musik gendang, kendi dan seorang sinden menyanyikan lagu-lagu Sunda seperti Sulasih Sulandana dan turun sintren dalam mengiringi seorang penari. Kesenian Sintren juga digunakan sebagai hiburan masyarakat di sela-sela aktivitas sore hari di kampung Tanjung Kerta, selain itu dapat juga dijadikan alat untuk meminta hujan, keberkahan, karena menjadi bagian dari nilai-nilai tradisi di kampung Tanjung Kerta. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa kesenian Sintren di kampung Tanjung Kerta masih dilestarikan oleh masyarakat kampung Tanjung Kerta.
SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AS A MEDIATOR VARIABLE FOR THE IMPACT OF THE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT STAGES ON OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT DECISIONS
Authors: AL-khrabsheh Abdullah , Al-Bazaiah Sakher , AL-khrabsheh Abdelruhman , Al-Nsour Marwan
Published: March 2022

In this study, the researchers have attempted to determine the common Supply Chain Management (SCM) activities that were used as a mediator variable and influenced the effect of the product development stages on the implementation of operation management decisions in the companies belong to the Al-Manaseer Group in Jordan. For this purpose, they used a quantitative method, wherein they distributed questionnaires to the employees and management of the Al-Manaseer Company groups (such as the Director, Department Director, Head of the Section, Workers' Monitor). This helped them understand the relationship between the product development stage and the operational management decisions. They noted that the SCM activities were a significant variable that mediated the effect of the product development stage on the operational management decisions. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers recommended that The Group needs to show a higher interest in the site costs as the selection indicator and for determining the preliminary estimates while considering the information sharing.
THE IMPACT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONNEL COSTS ON THE PROFITABILITY INDICATORS OF ROAD FREIGHT TRANSPORT COMPANIES IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
Authors: Kutac Josef , Janovska Kamila , Kutac Tomas , Besta Petr
Published: March 2022

The paper's main objective is to investigate the effects of personnel cost growth between 2014 and 2019 on the profitability of selected large road freight transport companies based on the collection of publicly available data of these transport companies. The first sub-objective of the paper is to conduct the necessary data collection from the financial statements of road freight transport companies with more than 250 workers. The second sub-objective of the paper is to define financial ratios and to assess the impact of personnel cost growth on the profitability of these enterprises. The third sub-objective is to determine the development of selected financial ratios over the period 2014 to 2019 and to evaluate the impact of personnel cost growth on the development of these ratios for selected transport companies. As a result of the fulfilment of these goals, we identified that an increase in personnel cost led in chosen transport companies in the years 2015 – 2016 to a significant decrease in labour productivity in the form of sales per employee and decreased profit. In the years 2017 – 2018, the year-on-year increase in personnel cost slowed down with impact to improved labour productivity and improved profit. In 2019 although another increase in personnel cost occurred, the situation changed, and labour productivity and profit increased. Analysis of these data showed that an increase of labour productivity in the form of sales per employee and profit increase in 2018 and 2019 was done thanks to the increasing price of transportation that covered higher personnel costs.
FACTORS AFFECTING STOPPING BEHAVIOUR AT SUBURBAN INTERSECTIONS
Authors: Darwish Walaa
Published: March 2022

This study focused on how drivers dealt with intersections controlled by a stop sign at suburban in Al-Husn city at Irbid governorate, Jordan. The videotape was used at eight unsignalized intersections for one complete peak hour on weekdays. Any at-grade intersection that is not controlled by a traffic signal is defined as an "unsignalized intersection." The results showed that 48% out of 1,208 drivers took the decision to stop completely compared to 52% who chose to keep driving. Female drivers (75%) were observed to stop at intersections more frequently than male drivers. In terms of vehicle type, drivers of buses stopped more frequently than drivers of small passenger cars, which are road car, other than a motorcycle, that is designed to transport passengers. Driver age and compliance to a stop sign were found to be directly proportional to each other, but as the number of passengers in the vehicle increased, the rate of non-compliance also increased. Compliance was highest among leading vehicles, followed by following vehicles, and lowest among single vehicles. A binary logistic model showed that age, vehicle occupancy, and arrival pattern significantly affected stopping the behaviour. Gender and vehicle type were not significantly related to stopping the behaviour.
Procedure of a Fracture Mechanical Evaluation using the Material HCT590X
Authors: Schramm B. , Weiß D.
Published: March 2022

For a reliable, strength-compliant and fracture-resistant design of
components and technical structures and for the prevention of damage
cases, both the criteria of strength calculation and fracture mechanics
are essential. Thereby, the comparison of the effective load with
strength parameters enables the prevention of strength failure. In
contrast, fracture mechanical failure is caused by defects and cracks
which initiate and/or propagate under the operational load. The present
paper illustrates the general procedure of a fracture mechanical
evaluation of fatigue cracks in order to evaluate practical damage
cases. Fracture mechanical fundamentals which are essential for the
calculation of the stress intensity factors K
and the experimental determination of fracture mechanical material
parameters (e.g. threshold Δ K against
fatigue crack growth, crack growth rate curve) are explained in detail.
The subsequent fracture mechanical evaluation on the basis of the local
stress situation at the crack tip and the fracture mechanical material
data is executed for different materials (e. g. HCT590X) and selected
crack problems.
Tracheal Necrosis Following Two-Stage Thyroidectomy
Authors: Colvin Taylor , Selinsky Chris
Published: March 2022

Following surgery for thyroid carcinoma, tracheal necrosis is extremely
rare with few reports in literature. We report a patient who underwent a
thyroid lobectomy for potential papillary carcinoma, followed by a
completion thyroidectomy due to follicular variant papillary carcinoma
pathology. Management was successful after debridement and tracheostomy,
followed by decannulation.
PERJUANGAN DAN KETOKOHAN KAPTEN MUDITA DI KABUPATEN BANGLI DAN POTENSINYA SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR SEJARAH DI SMA
Authors: Sentana Mahartha I Ketut Arya , Maryati Tuty , Purnawati Desak Made Oka
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) Sejarah perjuangan Kapten Mudita di Kabupaten Bangli, Bali. (2) Nilai-nilai karakter dari Kapten Mudita. (3) Potensi dari ketokohan Kapten Mudita untuk dijadikan sumber belajar sejarah di SMA. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode penelitian sejarah dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif meliputi: (1) Lokasi penelitian terletak di Puri Agung Bangli, Desa Kawan, Bangli, Bali. (2) Teknik penentuan informan dengan menentukan informan kunci, dari informan kunci kemudian peneliti mengembangkan lagi mencari informan bantuan. (3) Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tiga teknik yaitu: teknik observasi, teknik wawancara, dan teknik studi dokumen. (4) Teknik penjaminan keaslian data dengan menggunakan dua teknik yaitu: teknik triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi tekni. (5) Teknik analisis data yang terdiri dari pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, verifikasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah  latar blakang Kapten Mudita dari kanak-kanak hingga dewasa, masa perjuangan Kapten Mudita dalam pemertahanan kemerdekaan RI di Kabupaten Bangli, nilai-nilai karakter yang dapat dikembangkan menjadi sumber belajar sejarah di SMA.
PURA CEDOK WARU DI DESA ADAT KUTA KABUPATEN BADUNG BALI (SEJARAH, STRUKTUR, FUNGSI, DAN POTENSINYA SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR SEJARAH DI SMA)
Authors: Ningsih Ni Putu Anggarista Sundari , Atmadja Nengah Bawa , Mudana I Wayan
Published: March 2022

Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hal berikut (1) Sejarah Keberadaan Pura Cedok Waru di Desa Adat Kuta, Kabupaten Badung Bali (2) Struktur dan fungsi Pura Cedok Waru di Desa Adat Kuta, Kabupaten Badung Bali (3) Aspek-aspek apa saja dari Pura Cedok Waru di Desa Adat Kuta, Kabupaten Badung Bali yang dapat dijadikan sebagai media pembelajaran di SMA. Dalam penelitian ini, dapat dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode penelitian sebagai berikut; (1) Penentuan Lokasi Penelitian (2) Penentuan Informan  (3) Pengumpulan Data (4) Tahap Validasi Data menggunakan Teknik Triangulasi Data. Adapun Hasil penelitian menunjukan pada bahwa, (1) Sejarah kebradaan Pura Cedok Waru tidak bisa dilepaskan dari adanya Pohon Waru yang kemudian lebih dikenal dengan Pohon Cedok Waru yang merupakan tempat untuk memperingati penyerahan kekuasaan oleh Mahapatih Gajah Mada kepada Sri Kresna Kepakisan atas suksesnya pendaratan pasukan Mahapatih Gajah Madha menginvansi Bali pada tahun 1265 Caka atau tahun 1343 Masehi. (2) Struktur pada bangunan Pura Cedok Waru dianggap masih menggunakan konsep Dwi Mandala yaitu hanya memiliki Jaba sisi dan Jeroan dan terdapat beberapa fungsi ( fungsi religius, fungsi sosial, fungsi budaya, dan fungsi peendidikan (3) terdapat beberapa aspek pada Pura Cedok Waru (aspek historis, aspek spiritual, aspek pengetahuan, aspek sosial dan aspek peninggalan).
SEJARAH, STRUKTUR DAN FUNGSI TAMAN AIR TIRTA GANGGA DI DESA ABABI, ABANG, KARANGASEM SERTA POTENSINYA SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR SEJARAH DI SMA
Authors: Paramita Ni Wayan Ratih , Purnawati Desak Made Oka , Yasa I Wayan Putra
Published: March 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk : (1) Mengetahui sejarah Taman Air Tirta Gangga di Desa Ababi, Kabupaten Karangasem, Bali (2) Mengetahui struktur dan fungsi Taman Air Tirta Gangga (3) Mengetahui potensi Taman Air Tirta Gangga sebagai sumber belajar sejarah di SMA. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode penelitian sejarah meliputi: (1) Heuristik (Pengumpulan Data) (2) Kritik Sumber (3) Interpretasi (4) Historiografi (Penulisan Sejarah). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa; Tirta Gangga adalah peninggalan kerajaan Karangasem yang terletak di bagian timur Pulau Bali. Tirta Gangga secara harfiah berarti air dari Sungai Gangga yang merupakan penghormatan kepada masyarakat Hindu Bali. Struktur di Taman Air Tirta Gangga terdiri dari dua halaman, yakni nista mandala (jaba sisi), utama mandala (jeroan). Fungsi Taman Air Tirta Gangga secara umum dapat dibagi empat yakni, (1) Fungsi Religi, (2) Fungsi Rekreasi, (3) Fungsi Sosial, (4) Fungsi Pendidikan. Potensi yang dimiliki di Taman Air Tirta Gangga sebagai sumber belajar sejarah di SMA yakni : (1) Aspek Spritual, (2) Aspek Sosial, (3) Aspek Pengetahuan, (4) Aspek Historis.
MUSEUM BALI DI KOTA DENPASAR, BALI (LATAR BELAKANG SEJARAH, KOLEKSI, DAN POTENSINYA SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR DI SMA)
Authors: Yunus Fahrizal , Pageh I Made , Purnawati Desak Made Oka
Published: March 2022

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) sejarah berdirinya Museum Bali, (2) struktur bangunan Museum Bali, (3) koleksi dari Museum Bali yang bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber belajar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode penelitian sejarah, diantaranya adalah (1) pengumpulan sumber, (2) kritik sumber, (3) Interpretasi (penafsiran), (4) Historiografi (penulisan sejarah). Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) Kebijakan Baliseering sebagai upaya menjadikan Bali sebagai Museum dilakukan dengan upaya penyelamatan benda-benda bersejarah, (2) struktur bangunan Museum Bali berdasarkan bangunan tradisional tetapi mengikuti fungsi museum, (3) koleksi museum yang berpotensi sebagai sumber belajar. Adapun koleksi Museum Bali yang bisa dijadikan sebagai sumber belajar sejarah hasil analisis kurikulum dan silabus adalah (1) artefak pra-aksara, (2) berbagai jenis uang kepeng, (3) Cili, (4) Keris, dan (5) peninggalan kolonial yang selanjutnya disusun kedalam Buku Suplemen supaya dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber belajar sejarah di SMA.
Rethinking Tourism Models in the Platform Era of the Sharing Economy Implications for tourism marketing and management
Authors: Almeida-Santana Arminda , David-Negre Tatiana , Moreno-Gil Sergio , Coca-Stefaniak J. Andres
Published: March 2022

Over the last three decades, tourism has experienced significant changes due to the emergence of digital platforms and services, which have transformed the industry and its associated ecosystem (Briel & Dolnicar, 2021; Buhalis et al., 2020). Digital platforms have emerged progressively as competitors for long-established (physical) suppliers of goods and services traditionally provided locally or via agencies, and often using face-to-face communication. Since its inception, tourism has been a key contributor to the economy as well as an early adopter of new technologies aimed at enhancing customer satisfaction (Buhalis et al., 2019). Not surprisingly, the sharing economy has capitalised on tourism’s favourable pre-disposition towards innovative technologies by developing a number of online platforms, which have grown rapidly to become household names (e.g. Airbnb, Couchsurfing, ToursByLocals, EatWith, and SocialCar, among others). However, the homogeneous term ‘sharing economy’ encompasses, mostly, a myriad of online relationships and activities by individuals and organizations (Reinhold & Dolnicar, 2021). This rather eclectic phenomenon includes different types of exchange and interaction between individuals, who rent, lend, trade, barter, or swap goods, services, transportation solutions, space, or money using the Internet as their main channel for this (Möhlmann, 2015).
Conclusion The Sharing Economy Perspectives, opportunities and challenges
Authors: Taheri Babak , Rahimi Roya , Buhalis Dimitrios
Published: March 2022

The sharing economy, which can be defined as an economic system in which assets and services are shared between people, has intensified the ability for human interaction as well as peer-to-peer (P2P) commercial exchange (Altinay & Taheri, 2019, p.180). Since the inception of the World Wide Web in 1992, the internet has revolutionised marketplaces. A range of unprecedented implications emerged for users, propelling the dramatic evolution of the marketplace. A range of electronic, mobile, and social business models emerged to support a range of diverse marketplaces. The development of new business models facilitated the sharing of underutilized assets. The ‘Sharing Economy’ effectively was developed to support sharing of products and services that often stayed idle for long periods of time. Sharing economy service ecosystems emerged to facilitate sharing of resources and help actors exchange resources, interact, and create value and meaning. The sharing economy is a fast-growing and heavily debated phenomenon in management and marketing literature. It had a massive impact on consumer behaviours and has grown in both scale and scope over the past years via different platforms. Examples include Airbnb for apartments, Blablacar for cars and Peerby for tools. Apart from positive economic consequences, the sharing economy can have positive environmental and social effects. It gives people the opportunity to reuse goods and services, improving sustainability. Sharing can bring people together and stimulate social cohesion in neighbourhoods.
The Sharing Economy and Peer to Peer Accommodation From new consumers to new business models
Authors: Oliveira Cláudia , Eusébio Celeste , Brandão Filipa
Published: March 2022

Despite its dissemination in several areas, opinions about the sharing economy and collaborative consumption (CC) vary among researchers. Some believe that this is a ‘disruptive business model’ that will threaten current companies and their business (Guttentag, 2015: 1199). Others argue that it has emerged from the contemporary economy and will tend to grow as an alternative method of doing business (Botsman, 2010). These two concepts are discussed in this chapter. As an alternative form of tourism, following the tradition of bed and breakfast accommodation, the peer-to-peer (P2P) sharing practice is one of the most notable forms of CC (Belk, 2014a). The phenomenon reached such dimensions that it was considered one of the main disruptive forces in the tourism sector (Buhalis et al., 2020), calling into question the sovereignty of traditional accommodation chains (Pizam, 2014; Fang et al., 2016). This new type of accommodation, as well as the most popular platform that gives it life, Airbnb, will be the target of detail in this chapter. The chapter is structured in four sections. The introduction presents the relevance of the contents covered in the chapter. The second section adresses the new phenomenon of sharing and the different designations for it. In the third section, a discussion and an explanation of the P2P accommodation and its impacts are presented. Finally, the last section adresses the general conclusions of the chapter.
Hosting via Airbnb Motivations and operational complexities
Authors: Ozanne Lucie K. , Prayag Girish , Martin-Neuninger Rosemarie
Published: March 2022

The collaborative, or sharing, economy has experienced tremendous growth. For instance, in an often cited study, PWC suggests that by 2025 sales revenue in the sharing economy will rise to 335 billion dollars from 15 billion in 2013 (PWC, 2015), with the effects of COVID-19 on the sharing economy yet to be ascertained. Uber, the ride hailing app, has increased trips per year from 140 million in 2014 to 6.9 billion in 2019 (Iqbal, 2021). Since its launch in 2017, Lime Scooters, who rent e-scooters, is now operating in more than 120 cities across more than 30 countries (Glasner, 2020). Airbnb is another prime example of this success (Dolnicar, 2020; Fagerstrøm et al., 2017; Oskam & Boswijk, 2016; Prothero et al., 2011). Yet, the vulnerability of the sharing economy has been exposed since COVID-19 started in 2020. For example, evidence from Australia suggests that the financial loss as result of the pandemic is around AUS $14 million for Airbnb hosts (89.5% reduction in income) from January to August 2020, suggesting that hosts suffered 6.5 times more than the Airbnb platform itself (Chen et al., 2020). On the contrary, UberEats and the other three main food delivery apps in the US (DoorDash, Grubhub and Postmates) saw a collective rise in revenue of more than US $3 billion during the pandemic (Sumagaysay, 2020). These suggest that the effects of the pandemic on the sharing economy are not always negative. This chapter focuses on one specific player in the sharing economy, Airbnb, with implications for other peer-to-peer accommodation providers and beyond.
The Impact of Airbnb on the Traditional Accommodation Sector in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Brown Tenisha , Lewis-Cameron Acolla , Jordan-Miller Leslie-Ann , Fronti Brian
Published: March 2022

Changing consumer appetites and the digital revolution have given birth to a new modus operandi within the global hospitality and tourism industry (HTI). On the supply side, traditional structures and processes continue to be disrupted as new technologies are melded into the tourism value chain resulting in innovative products and services, an expanding base of stakeholders and the blurring of roles and responsibilities among consumers and suppliers (Altinay & Taheri, 2019; Farmaki et al., 2019). On the demand side, travellers are searching for more authentic and customised experiences through an immersion in the production process and co-creation of value with suppliers via technology. Through collaborative consumption or ‘sharing’, consumers engage in direct peer-to-peer (P2P) exchange of underutilized goods on a temporary basis, facilitated by sharing platforms. Sharing platforms specifically within the HTI have been widely discussed within the ambit of the sharing economy and are closely aligned to the creation of smart tourism destinations (Li et al., 2017). These platforms are necessary to foster interconnectivity and greater exchange of information among all stakeholders, a key characteristic of a smart destination (Jovicic, 2019).
Mine, yours and ‘shared’ The ethical discourse of collaborative consumption
Authors: Oskam Jeroen
Published: March 2022

The so-called ‘sharing’ movement emerged during the 2008-2013 financial and economic crisis, with a discourse that proposed an alternative to the economic system that had caused it. The businesses and platforms that identified with the movement also adopted the claim that they would represent a more benign and more ‘human’ economic model than the centralized power that had proven to be harmful to society and to the environment. In other words, ‘sharing’ introduced a discourse about good and evil that pervaded the commercial performance, the regulation and the academic study of the movement. This chapter will first look at the programmatic texts of ‘sharing’, to subsequently analyse how its ethical principles manifested itself in the social debate.