bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CIRCULAÇÃO DO PODER-SABER NA CONSTITUIÇÃO DAS PRÁTICAS PROFISSIONAIS DE MÉDICOS E ENFERMEIROS
Authors: Silva Tauana Wazir Mattar e , Velloso Isabela Silva Câncio , Araújo Meiriele Tavares , Galdino Carolina Sales , Pires Júnior José Ferreira , Nobre Thairine Aparecida de Oliveira
Published: January 2019

Objetivo: analisar a circulação do poder nas práticas profissionais de médicos e enfermeiros de um Centro de Terapia Intensiva. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, com dados coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, com médicos e enfermeiros de Centro de Terapia Intensiva situado em Minas Gerais, Brasil, e submetidos à análise de discurso. Resultado: em geral, a equipe médica não se mostrou muito atenta às normas institucionais, sendo os enfermeiros mais envolvidos nos processos normalizadores e disciplinares. A visibilidade do médico está relacionada à legitimação do domínio do saber científico expresso em seu discurso, o que lhe confere posição de detenção do poder, à medida que o enfermeiro tem um discurso que mostra certa resistência em assumir visibilidade e protagonismo na equipe. Conclusão: o Centro de Terapia Intensiva é um cenário onde há interseção de diversos saberes especializados, que se expressam nos discursos de médicos e enfermeiros, favorecendo a circulação do poder nas práticas desses profissionais.

Descritores: Relações Médico-Enfermeiro. Poder (Psicologia). Prática Profissional. Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde..
Investigating the Factors Affecting Health Services Utilization in Hepatitis B Patients of Yazd City in 2017
Authors: Montazeralfaraj Raziyeh , Pakdaman Mohsen , Fallahzad Hossein , Mojahed Masoudeh , Atabak Mahdi Ghadiri
Published: January 2019

Background: We can achieve a clear picture of the demands for services and the ways to respond to them by examining the status of health care services in patients with hepatitis B. In this way, we can minimize the gap between the promotion and improvement of the performance of service providers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the utilization of healthcare services in patients with hepatitis B.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 464 patients with hepatitis B who were selected by simple random sampling using a researcher-made questionnaire containing 20 items, according to the study variables. We entered the data into the Excel software and analyzed them by STATA 13 software using descriptive statistical tests and linear regression.
Results: There was a significance association between the utilization of education and counseling services, specialist visits, clinical services, and the place of provision of services. In addition, the utilization of education and counseling services had a significant association with the supplemental insurance and the incidence of hepatitis B in the family. A significance relationship was also observed between the number of visits to the specialist and the type of occupation, educational level, and duration of diagnosis. Utilization of inpatient cares had a significant relationship with the place of residence and the basic insurance status.
Conclusion: Generally, the rate of visits to access the healthcare services is low among patients with hepatitis B. Considering the fact that this disease is special, we suggest the authorities to provide health care services in three preventive levels free of charge (by providing a health insurance card for the patients). Furthermore, the government needs to implement the national health insurance (NHI) and therefore does not receive the franchise. Patients should refer to specialist according to the general practitioner's opinion. They also should have access to the services during the evening.
 
Key words: Utilization of health services, Hepatitis B, Specific Patients
SEGURANÇA DE ALIMENTOS EM UMA REDE DE SUPERMERCADOS A PARTIR DA RDC 275: UMA ABORDAGEM COM AUXÍLIO MULTICRITÉRIO À DECISÃO
Authors: LIMA Anderson Luiz Ignacio , PEREIRA Bruno Leonardo Da Silva , LIMA Rosane Justino de Sousa , DA HORA Henrique Rego Monteiro , MORAIS Alline Sardinha Cordeiro
Published: January 2019

As abordagens para a classificação do nível de adequação à Segurança Alimentar em Supermercados, em geral, consideram uma função de agregação do tipo média ponderada, que apresenta efeitos compensatórios indesejáveis. O presente trabalho explora a aplicação do Auxílio Multicritério à Decisão, mais especificamente no método ELECTRE TRI, à classificação da aderência ao checklist de verificação de adequação às normas de Segurança Alimentar, com o objetivo de apresentar um método onde os resultados sejam apresentados de forma não compensatória e para tal utiliza o software diviz®. Os resultados encontrados foram comparados com um método compensatório que demostrou a influência negativa nos resultados, onde o método ELECTRE TRI se mostrou mais adequado a esse tipo de abordagem.
ALTERNATIF MENANGANI INDIVIDU GELANDANGAN DAN BERISIKO BERSUMBERKAN AL-QURAN DAN HADIS
Authors: Mohamed Rafiza , Mat Nong Nor Faridah , Awang Jaffary , Long Ahmad Sunawari , Ab Rahman Zaizul
Published: January 2019

Environment, economy, social relations and lack of religious appreciation can expose individuals to problematic risks. The appreciation of religious values should be based on the Quranic and Hadith approach. The writing is aimed at examining homeless and risk groups to identify the Quran and Hadith Manhaj as an alternative to their social guidance. This writing is qualitative using content analysis techniques. Thus, manhaj 'al wisdom ' and'al din al nasihah 'are seen as one of the practical guidance to be presented. Therefore, this paper will discuss the Quranic and Hadith approaches to address the problem of homelessness and risk group by focusing on the 'al wisdom ' and 'al din al nasihah '. The application of Quranic and Hadith based is seen to be very significant in addressing individual and group issues. The outcome of the discussion suggests that alternatives suggested by Islam were recognized and significant for troubled individuals especially homeless and risk groups. Persekitaran, ekonomi, hubungan sosial dan kekurangan penghayatan agama boleh mendedahkan individu kepada risiko bermasalah. Aspek penghayatan nilai agama perlu diterapkan berasaskan pendekatan al-Quran dan Hadis. Penulisan ini bertujuan meneliti kelompok gelandangan dan kelompok yang berisiko seterusnya mengenalpasti manhaj al-Quran dan Hadis sebagai alternatif bimbingan sosial kepada mereka. Penulisan ini berbentuk kualitatif yang menggunakan teknik analisis kandungan. Justeru, manhaj ‘al hikmah’ dan ‘al din al nasihah’ dilihat sebagai salah satu bimbingan yang praktikal untuk diketengahkan. Oleh itu, penulisan ini akan membincangkan tentang pendekatan al-Quran dan Hadith bagi menangani permasalahan gelandangan dan  berisiko dengan memfokuskan kepada kaedah ‘al hikmah’ dan ‘al din al nasihah’. Penerapan yang berasaskan al-Quran dan Hadis dilihat sangat signifikan dalam menangani permasalahan individu serta kelompok tersebut. Hasil perbincangan menunjukkan bahawa alternatif yang dianjurkan oleh Islam ternyata diiktiraf dan signifikan dengan individu yang bermasalah terutamanya gelandangan dan individu berisiko.
STRATEGI PSIKOLOGI MEREKRUT PEMIKIRAN MUSLIM DALAM MAJALAH DABIQ
Authors: Che Zawawi Noor Izatie , Yaakob ZulʽAzmi , Abdul Rahman Nur Farhana
Published: January 2019

The emergence of more propaganda magazine because of propagandas or strategies development to spread the ideology of Islamic extremist groups.Dabiq magazines appear as a result of the development of the propagandas of militan Islamic State (IS), which has its own narratives to spread its ideology and attrack people around the world to join their jihad. This paper focuses on the narratives of psychological strategies by IS contained in the Dabiq magazine in recruiting people’s mind to join the Khilafah.Munculnya lebih banyak majalah propaganda karena propaganda atau pengembangan strategi untuk menyebarkan ideologi kelompok-kelompok ekstremis Islam. Majalah-majalah DMAB muncul sebagai hasil pengembangan propaganda militan Negara Islam (IS), yang memiliki narasi sendiri untuk menyebarkan ideologinya. dan attrack orang-orang di seluruh dunia untuk bergabung dengan jihad mereka. Makalah ini berfokus pada narasi strategi psikologis oleh IS yang terdapat dalam majalah Dabiq dalam merekrut pikiran orang untuk bergabung dengan Khilafah.
Climate Change Issues in BRICS Countries
Authors: Rahman Mohd Nayyer , Turay Abdul M. ,   Department of Commerce, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India,   College of Business & Computational Sciences, Kentucky State University, Frankfort, KY, USA
Published: January 2019

Climate change has emerged as one of the discussions where more is discussed and very less is implemented. People wait for actions to be taken by the government or multilateral organizations but seldom do they capture the developments going on. Several initiatives have been taken by individual countries as well as countries forming groups or conglomerates to tackle the challenges of climate change. This is true for BRICS as well. BRICS countries share the idea of climate protection but are sceptical of the policies passed by developed countries. BRICS as a forum of developing countries challenging the status quo of climate change policies has emerged to formulate its own climate change policies and initiatives in the light of BRICS discussions. The present study is aimed to capture the BRICS climate change policies and initiatives with a descriptive approach.
Green Energy as a Driver for Green Economy and Organizations’ Sustainability
Authors: Sousa Maria José , Martins Jorge Miguel , Sousa Miguel ,   Gabinete de Estratégia e Estudos do Ministério da Economia, Lisboa Portugal,   Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland,   University of Essex, Essex, UK
Published: January 2019

Since the last decade, the concepts of green innovation and green economy have become more and more attractive to researchers and policymakers. This research brings some light to the association of those themes with the concept of green energy. Therefore, this paper is a critical review of the green innovations directed explicitly to the green energy challenges faced by organizations and the world economies. The research question is as follows: What are the main dimensions of a model to implement a green innovation process focused on green energy in organizations? The methodology used to answer the research question was qualitative, and the main techniques included a systematic literature search and survey. The main findings of the study were the identification of the most relevant dimensions of a green innovation model to be implemented in organizations. The article structure is based on the different concepts about innovation and green innovation, related to the green economy, and the analysis of two situational cases on green energy. Finally, we present the analysis made on the articles identified by the literature survey and the green innovation model. By making this research on green economy and related concepts of green innovation and green energy, this paper seeks to make a valid contribution to their definitions and for operationalizing the green innovation model in organizations.
Gig Economy and the Future of Work: A Fiverr.com Case Study
Authors: Green Daryl D. , McCann Jack , Vu Thao , Lopez Nancy , Ouattara Samuel ,   Paul Dickinson College of Business, Oklahoma Baptist University, 500 W. University Drive, Shawnee, OK 74804, USA,   Union College, 310 College Street, Barbourville, KY 40906, USA,   Paul Dickinson College of Business, Oklahoma Baptist University, 500 W. University Drive, Shawnee, OK 74804, USA,   Paul Dickinson College of Business, Oklahoma Baptist University, 500 W. University Drive, Shawnee, OK 74804, USA,   Paul Dickinson College of Business, Oklahoma Baptist University, 500 W. University Drive, Shawnee, OK 74804, USA
Published: January 2019

Twenty years ago, Google became the first web search engine to help people find things on the Internet. Today, people use Google to help organize the infinite data found on the Internet and to find things such as logo designs, business copywriting, promotional videos, or even information on astrology. With the technological advancements of the past decade, these services are found not only at the local marketplace but also in the global marketplace — a workplace of freelancing challenges in a gig economy. The term “gig economy” is clarified in a detailed analysis of one largest freelance websites, Fiverr.com. This case study starts with valuable reviews from a variety of authors about this new economy. Fiverr is the target for analysis regarding growth of the gig economy, and with that growth, there are also opportunities for Fiverr’s competitors. This study includes a PESTLE analysis, Competitive analysis, as well as SWOT analysis of Fiverr and its competition. The results are significant, because the conclusions can better assist scholars and practitioners about how to better utilize freelance services from firms such as Fiverr, found in the gig economy.
Senior Executives’ Basic Psychological Need, Satisfaction and Psychological Well-being: Is It Different at the Top?
Authors: Mueller Marcus , Lovell Geoff ,   Department of Management, Sacred Heart University, Fairfield, CT, USA,   School of Social Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
Published: January 2019

Senior executives’ decisions can have a substantial impact on their own lives, their families, their organizations’ workers and employees, and society. This quantitative study (1) investigated the relationship between basic psychological need satisfaction (BPNS) at work and psychological well-being (PWB) in 142 senior executives as antecedent of their decision making and (2) compared the results to two other managerial level samples of 260 managers and 445 employees. The results have implications for theory and practice. Our findings contribute the new theoretical perspectives of differences in the relationship between BPNS at work and PWB by managerial level and senior executives’ gender (‘complementarity effect’). In turn, our research provides evidence for practical organizational applications such as the design and implementation of effective human resource development programs based on BPNS. Our findings further underscore the importance of senior executive psychology as a field of academic inquiry and provide directions for future research focused on further improving senior executives’ optimal functioning.
Lesson Learned from Killer Floods in Kerala: Time for Retrospection
Authors: Agarwal Raveesh ,   Department of Business Administration, Rajshree Institute of Management and Technology, Bareilly, UP, India
Published: January 2019

We know that the climate of the earth has undergone drastic change over periods of time. Natural factors and anthropogenic factors both contributed to climate change. Kerala is one of the most famous tourist destinations in India. The state saw one of its worst monsoon disasters in August 2018. There is huge loss and displacement of more than a million of people due to unusually high and persistent monsoon rains in Kerala. The objectives of this paper are to find out the reasons of disaster in Kerala and lessons learned from it. Some people believe that Kerala’s disaster is man made, while others say that it is a natural calamity. Whatever it may be, we have to identify the reasons for the same. Due to climate change and natural disasters, the impact on water, air, agriculture, infrastructure, health, education, bio-diversity, forests, and socioeconomic sectors is bound to increase. Nobody can stop the natural disasters, but we can take certain steps to lower the intensity. It is very much important to understand the lessons so that the effect of such type of events is minimized.
SHEIKH DJAMIL DJAHO AND SOCIO-RELIGIOUS CRITICISM OF MINANGKABAU MUSLIM: A Study on Tazkirat al-Qulub Fi Mu‘amalat ‘Allam al-Guyub
Authors: Bahri Saeful
Published: January 2019

This article discusses the socio-religious critique of Sheikh Djamil Djaho on the religious and socio-society conditions in Minangkabau. Analysis of the content and approach of social history-intellectuals was used to dissect the contents of the book Tazkirat al-Qulub associated with social-religious context in the policy at the beginning of the 20th century. Based on the analysis of texts it is known that Sheikh Djaho expressed his criticism towards several groups. Among the groups are (1) scholars, (2) worshippers, (3) Sufism experts, and (4) experts of the world. According to Sheikh Djaho, the four groups might include gurur (faction), when they use intelligence in their respective fields as masks, not in honesty. This study shows three points. First, the presence of Sheikh Djaho's criticism departs from the reality of the life of the clergy and layman at that time. Second, the reality of social life keeps a text alive in society. Third, the solution to social-religious reality in the early 20th century was the practice of tasawwuf.
Front Page
Authors: Analisa Analisa
Published: January 2019

Front Page
MEANING DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TWO QURAN TRANSLATIONS IN ACTIVISM ERA IN INDONESIA (IDEOLOGY IN TRANSLATION ANALYSIS)
Authors: Bustam Betty Maulirosa , Astari Rika
Published: January 2019

This article attempts to investigate the influence of ideology concept in Quran translations in Indonesia. The extent to which the ideology can influence the translators’ style and choice of words that will shape the receivers’ worldviews. In the lead up to Indonesian independence, when young Muslim intellectuals began to be moved to understand their religion well, so as not to be regarded as an underdeveloped religion, two translations appear: De Heilige Qoer-an by Maulana Muhamamad Ali and Tafsir Quran Karim by Mahmud Yunus. The two translations have similarities in the writing of a modern style. Both also attempt to translate the Quran in line with the development of science, and assume there is no dispute between revelation and creation, so the works are favored by Indonesian Muslim intellectuals. However, although they have the same concept of translation, many verses are translated differently, especially the verses about the miracles of the prophets and the privileges of Isa (as). The differences are noticeable; this is much related to the ideology background of the two translators. De Heilige Qoer-an brings Ahmadiyya ideology while Tafsir Quran Karim holds to the opinion of the prominentscholars, including the scholars of Indonesia.
Epidemiology and seasonal variation of Ixodid ticks in dairy cattle of Gangetic plains of Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Singh Karan Veer , Singh Mehar , Kumar Awanish , Mukesh Manishi
Published: January 2019

The Gangetic plain of Uttar Pradesh is fertile land inhabited by second highest cattle population in India. A study was undertaken from May 2016 to March 2018 on the distribution and abundance of ticks in cattle. Data were collected from 3
organized farms, 5 Gaushalas and from local farmers. Studied animals were divided into three categories indigenous breeds (n=450), exotic (n=60) and crosses of exotic and local breeds (n=140). The prevalence of tick infestation was studied in the
host cattle in the different seasons. Total eight species of ticks were identified. In the villages, Gaushalas and in unorganized dairy farms tick infestation prevalence was (45%) as compared to minimal prevalence 4% recorded from organized sector.
Infestation in exotic cattle was high in fields as compared to crossbred and indigenous cattle breed. Most of the animals under farm management system were infected with single tick species. While multi species tick infestation was observed in the
fields. This could be due to the management practices and timely tick treatment adopted by farms.
Study of different rice establishment methods on growth and yield of different varieties
Authors: Kumhar Bheru Lal , Chavan Viresh Govind , Agrawal Kamal Kant , Jha Amit Kumar , Kumar Vijay
Published: January 2019

A field experiment was conducted in spit plot design with three replication to “to study different rice establishment methods on growth, yield and different varieties” was conducted at Agronomy farm, College of Agriculture, Dapoli, Distt.
Ratnagiri (M.S.) during kharif season of 2014 on was sandy clay loam in texture, moderately acidic in pH (5.63), medium in organic carbon content (0.82 %), electrical conductivity (Ec) 0.035 dSm-1 , medium in available nitrogen (284.82 kg/ha), low in
available phosphorus (14.63 kg/ha) and high in available potassium (248.45 kg/ha). The highest plant height (71.09 cm), effective tillers (360.58 m2), length of panicle (21.07 cm), test weight (22.24 g), straw yield (47.42 q ha-1), weight of per
panicle (2.15 g), number of filled grains per panicle (97.08) and B:C ratio (1:2.23) were recorded in line transplanting technique. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that in areas where labour is available and cheap, transplanting as
per as recommended (21 days old age seedling) is a better establishment methods of rice because it produces more yield and gross monetary economic return than other methods.
Management of termite in wheat under semi irrigated condition
Authors: Kumar Upesh , Patel G. A. , Patel H.P. , Chuadhari R.P. , Darji S.S.
Published: January 2019

Wheat [Triticum aestivum (Linnaeus) Em. Thell] belongs to family Gramineae, believed to have originated from South West Asia. It is most important cereal cultivated crop in temperate area of the world. Wheat is second important staple food
crop after rice. In field condition the termite (Odontotermes obesus Rambur) is predominant insect-pest causing 20-40% damage to the crop particularly in rainfed condition. For the management of termite in wheat, Krishi Vigyan Kendra demonstrate the
technology - Seed treatment by Fipronil 5% SC @ 6 ml./ kg seed before sowing and soil treatment by Fipronil 5 % SC @ 1.6 lit./ha. During 2016-17 and 2017-18 at farmers field in adopted village of KVK conduct the demonstration. Under the technology,
reduce the termite infestation 53.46 per cent resulted18.92 per cent enhance the productivity of wheat crop. Under IPM technology, the average productivity of chickpea is 3865 Kg/ha whereas in farmers practice, the average productivity of chickpea is
3250 Kg/ ha.
Android based mobile apps for improved crop protection
Authors: Vennila S. , Tomar A. , Bhatt M. N. , Murari K. , Yadav S. K. , Nisar S. , Mehta N. , Yadav H. L.
Published: January 2019

In agriculture, methods of crop protection are too many making dissemination difficult. Mobile apps presenting information needs of client solutions and help in wider outreach. Prediction of pest incidence, synthesis of information on
integrated pest management and selection cum calculation of appropriate pesticides in the area of crop protection have been used as information base in mobile apps. Mobile apps on pest forewarning (Pest-predict EMS and RBS), insecticide and fungicide
calculators (IFCs) for 16 crops and on IPM for 4 crops that are android based have been developed. All the developed apps are hosted under “Google Play Store”. Desired mobile app can be downloaded using search term ‘ICAR-NCIPM’ under “Google Play
Store” followed by the selection and installation of required mobile app. Feedback options and additional information are also inbuilt in the mobile apps.
Increase of free radical levels in the periodontal tissues of therapeutic dose radiation applied rats and potential protective effects of bioflavonoids and polyphenols (ENOANT®)
Authors: Senel Sukriye Neslihan , Erdem Tamer L. , Ozcan Ilknur , Uslu Ezel , Oguz Nazmi
Published: January 2019

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of the therapeutic dose radiation application on the periodontal tissues of rats and to examine the protective effects of antioxidant application against free radicals prior to radiotherapy.
40 Wistar albino rats were divided into groups of ten animals each: radiotheraphy group; 20 days ENOANT® group; 1 day ENOANT® group, and control group. Then, 3 Gray (Gy) therapeutic dose radiation were applied to head and neck area of the rats
outside the control group. After the application, Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in serum and periodontal tissues were measured by Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method in the radiotherapy group, long and short term ENOANT® used groups and the control
group. The obtained values were statistically compared, the statistical analysis of obtained results showed that according to tissue MDA level, a significant degree of decrease was found in long term ENOANT® used group compared to the radiotherapy
group (p LESS THAN 0,05). According to these the long-term use of ENOANT® is more effective than its short-term use.
Evaluation of sexual behavior of stallion (Arabian versus Barb) during breeding season in Algeria
Authors: Benidir Mohamed , Houssou Hind , Bouzebda-Afri Farida , Bouzebda Zoubir
Published: January 2019

This study was carried out at National Haras of Tiaret (west of Algeria) to understand and to compare the normal sexual behavior and libido of stallions (Arabian vs Barb) while mounting a mare in estrus. Eighty-four stallions were divided
into two groups from 5 to 24 years of age (n=47 Arabian; n=37 Barb). Results revealed significant differences between Arabian and Barb stallion: in sniffing (p less than 0.001), libido score (p less than 0.05), flehmen response (p less than 0.05),
time to first mount with erection (p less than 0.05), number of mounts to ejaculation (p less than 0.05) and mount time for ejaculatory (p less than 0.01). These stallions were exactly tested in the same place and conditions allowed us to discard any
side effects due to animal management or any other confounding bias. Our study provided us the knowledge of sexual behavior under Algerian environmental conditions and the distinction between Arabian and Barb stallion in their sexual behavior
expression.
Comparative study of nutritional composition of adults and juveniles of Coilia mystus collected from the Yangtze Estuary
Authors: Song C. , Zhao F. , Feng G.P. , Wang S.K. , Zhuang P.
Published: January 2019

Nutritional composition of the adults (female and male) and juveniles of Coilia mystus were investigated using the national standard methods. The results showed that: (1) Adult females has the highest content of fat, while the juveniles has
the highest content of protein and moisture. (2) The juveniles has the highest content of Lys, Glu, Asp, TAA, SEAA, NEAA, FAA, while the adult females have the lowest content. (3) The juveniles have the highest content of DHA, EPA, DPA, ARA, PUFA,
n3PUFA, n6PUFA, while the adult males have the lowest content. The above analysis showed that the juveniles took diet more balanced in essential amino acid and abundant in essential fatty acid than that taken by adults. The juveniles showed better
edible value and health function than the adults, which is more suitable for development and utilization as a natural food by the whole.
Thank You to Our Reviewers
Authors: Cockcroft Peter
Published: January 2019

As Editor-in-chief I would like to thank all of our editors and reviewers for their continued support of the Veterinary Evidence journal and their diligence in meeting demanding timelines. Their knowledge, expertise and insights are duly acknowledged and highly valued. All reviewers who have taken the time to review for Veterinary Evidence are listed in the full text.In the coming year we hope to develop a new approach and construct for the recognition and delivery of important information needs. This will take the form of a condition specific decision support algorithm with links to Knowledge Summaries providing the best current evidence. We also intend to publish a series of papers from targeted invited authors to highlight important areas of evidence-based practice including patient safety, quality improvement, business and workplace learning. We have also launched a Knowledge Summary competition for students studying veterinary medicine, veterinary nursing and veterinary bio-science, so that we may engage with the next generation of practice professionals.I look forward to a challenging and innovative new year with your continued support.Thank you to all who have contributed.
DIRASAH TAHLILIYYAH AL-BINA’IYYAH WAS SIMA’IYYAH AN AD-DHOLAM LINAJIB MAHFUDH
Authors: Ihsanudin Ihsanudin
Published: January 2019

This study is aimed at examining az-Zalam short story by Najib Mahfudz because there are many language symbols that must be revealed to get meaning holistically. This research uses Robert Stanton's structural theory and C. Sanders Pierce's semiotic theory. This research involves the study of literature and employs a qualitative design by using descriptive analytical method. Based on the triadic concept of Pierce, Representament-object-intrepetant (ROI) the researcher gets the semiotic meaning of az-Zalam short story resulted from analyzing the symbols of the characters and the background of the story.
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC IMPURITIES IN THE GLUTATIONION RESTORED SUBSTANCE
Authors: Alexeeva K. A. , Pisarev D. I. , Malyutina A. Yu. , Boyko N. N.
Published: January 2019

Glutathione (γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine) is the most important low molecular weight intracellular thiol tripeptide consisting of three amino acids – glycine, cysteine and glutamic acid. In Russian pharmacopoeia there is no regulatory documentation for glutathione, therefore, the development of a pharmacopoeial item for the specified substance is a relevant problem.

The aim of the article is the development of methods for determining foreign specific impurities in glutathione.

Materials and methods. The substance of glutathione reduced (CAS 70-18-8, EC 2007254, Applichem, Germany) containing impurities, and a standard sample of reduced glutathione (Sigma Aldrich, Japan) were used as the objects of the study. The analysis was carried out by using a high-performance liquid chromatography method in the reverse phase version and a thin layer chromatography method. The chromatography using RP HPLC was performed after preliminary derivatization of glutathione and its specific impurities with dancil chloride. Specific impurities in glutathione are dipeptides and amino acids. Therefore, they, like glutathione, can react with dancil chloride. Dancil derivatives are formed, and they can be determined by chromatographic separation.

Results. As a result of chromatography by the method of RP HPLC of derivatized dancil chloride glutathione it has been established that this reaction makes it possible to detect impurities in it. Glutathione derivatives are well separated by chromatography by implementing the method of RP HPLC and have different absorption maxima. The glutathione derivative had an absorption maximum at λmax=284 nm. The derivatives belonging to specific glutathione impurities absorb at λmax=288 nm and λmax=296 nm. The data obtained using RP HPLC were confirmed by TLC in the isopropanol-water (2:1) system. Three components were found out, one of which corresponds to glutathione, while two others are impurities.

Conclusion. Methods for determining impurities in the glutathione substance using RP HPLC methods with preliminary derivatization with dancil chloride and TLC with ninhydrin detection have been worked out. A comparative analysis of the data obtained makes it possible to state that the OF-HPLC method with pre-column derivatization is more reliable, since it is more sensitive to impurities, and also makes it possible to study the UV profiles of impurity components better than the TLC method. Therefore, for the detection of impurities in the substance of glutathione, it is more preferable to use RP-HPLC with pre-column derivatization. The results of this study can be recommended for inclusion in the regulatory documentation on the substance of glutathione in the section “Impurities”.
STUDY OF CEREBROTROPIC DOSE-DEPENDENT EFFECT OF PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVE UNDER PIR-9 CODE AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF EXPERIMENTAL CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA IN RATS
Authors: Voronkov A. V. , Shabanova N. B. , Voronkova M. P. , Lysenko T. A.
Published: January 2019

Nowadays, the incidence of cerebrovascular disease is steadily increasing. Disorders of cerebral circulation contribute to the increase in the degree of mortality, disability, and incapacitation of the population. An extensive arsenal of drugs with cerebroprotective effects does not satisfy clinical specialists. In this connection, there is an obvious need for new compounds exhibiting cerebroprotropic properties, as well as those able of improving the prognosis of the course of ischemic genesis pathologies.

The aimof the article is to study the dose-dependent cerebrotropic effect of a pyrimidine derivative under PIR-9 code against the background of experimental cerebral ischemia in rats.

Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted on 140 male Wistar rats (m=170–190 g) divided into 7 equal groups. Pyrimidine derivative PIR – 9 (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg), Vinpocetine (3.2 mg/kg) and Cinnarizine (5.6 mg/kg) suspension of purified water and Tween-80 were used as the studied substances. Experimental cerebral ischemia was reproduced by irreversible occlusion of common carotid arteries (chloral hydrate anesthesia – 350 mg/kg). Experimental substances, reference preparations and purified water were administered prophylactically within 10 days before surgery. One day later the survival, neurological deficiency, behavioral activity, changes in cognitive-mnestic functions, as well as some indicators of brain energy exchange were evaluated.

Results.In an experimental study of the cerebrotropic effect of the substance under PIR-9 code (pyrimidine-4-(1H)-one derivative) in various dosages against the background of irreversible occlusion of the common carotid arteries, a decrease in neurological, behavioral, mnestic and cognitive defects has been established. Hereby, the best effect was observed against the background of the administration of the compound PIR-9 at the dose of 50 mg kg. In addition, the prophylactic administration of the test substance PIR-9 (50 mg/kg) has shown the improvement of the energy metabolism in the postischemic period.

Conclusion. In the course of the study it was established that the substance under the laboratory code PIR-9 exhibited the most pronounced cerebroprotective effect at the dose of 50 mg/ kg, which was not inferior in its strength to the reference drug Cinnarizine and exceeding Vinpocetine.
ANALYSIS OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTION REPORT FORMS ON THE MEDICINES, USED FOR AIDS TREATMENT (REGISTERED IN THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA IN THE PERIOD FROM 2011 TO 2016)
Authors: Matveev A. V. , Krasheninnikov A. Е. , Egorova E. A. , Konyaeva E. I.
Published: January 2019

According to the data of the World Health Organization (WHO), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a major global public health problem.

The mainmethod of treating HIV is using highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), which is the use of multiple medicines acting on different viral targets. The timely onset of HAART can suppress the replication of the virus in the human body and helps to strengthen its immune system and restore its ability to fight infections. At the same time, the choice of medicines to improve the quality of life and patients’ compliance during antiretroviral therapy should be based on their effectiveness and safety. The aim of this research was to analyze and study the adverse reactions that occur in patients with HIV living in the territory of the Republic of Crimea, when using HAART.

Materials and methods.The objects of research were 274 report cards about the adverse reactions, registered in the regional base (registry) of spontaneous messages called ARCADe (Adverse Reactions in Crimea, Autonomic Database) for the period from 2011 to 2016.

Results.The results of the study showed that the most often adverse reactions were observed when using medicines of the group of Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTI). This is explained by the inclusion of NRTI medicines as the main medicine in the method of HAART. Efavirenz (EFV) and Nevirapine (NVP) were absolute leaders among these groups of antiretroviral medicines. Among the combined antiviral medicines active against HIV, the most frequently adverse reactions were associated with the use of a combination of Lamivudine (3TC) and Zidovudine (ZDV). The main clinical manifestations of adverse reactions in the use of combination medicines for treating HIV were a decrease in the level of hemoglobin and the development of anemia. At the same time, in 85% of cases, the patients needed medication in order to correct the resulting adverse drug reaction (ADR). The combination of antiretroviral therapy has often been associated with the development of serious ADR. In case of monotherapy, the main clinical manifestations of adverse reactions were disorders of the central nervous system (dizziness, hallucinations, sleep disorders) and allergic reactions of varying severity (including 1 case of angioedema to “Eferven” (Efavirenz (EFV)),600 mg). Hereby, in almost half of the cases, the usage of antiretroviral medicines of the NRTI group and protease inhibitors caused the development of serious side effects. This confirms the necessity to study and analyze adverse reactions in order to increase the safety of patients’ pharmacotherapy and improve their quality of life.

Conclusion.The study of adverse reactions to the medicines used for treatment of HIV is of a paramount importance in improving the safety and compliance of HIV patients to lifelong pharmacotherapy.
Antioxidant Activity and Toxicity of Fullerenols with Different Number of Hydroxyl Substituents
Authors: Kovel Ekaterina , Sachkova Anna , Vnukova Natalia , Churilov Grigoriy , Knyazeva Elena , Kudryasheva Nadezhda
Published: January 2019

Fullerenols are nanosized water-soluble polyhydroxylated derivatives of fullerenes, specific allotropic form of carbon, bioactive compounds and perspective pharmaceutical agents. We studied biological effects of a series of fullerenols. Antioxidant activity and toxicity of the fullerenols were compared using bioluminescence assays (cellular and enzymatic); a content of Reactive Oxygen Species in fullerenol solutions was determined using chemiluminescence luminol method. Two groups of fullerenols with different number of hydroxyl substituents were under investigation: (I) С60Оy(OH)x, С60,70Оy(OH)x, where х+у=24–28 and (II) С60,70Оy(OH)x, Fe0,5С60Оy(OH)x, where х+у=40–42. Toxicity of the fullerenols was evaluated using effective concentrations ЕС50. Fullerenol’ antioxidant activity was investigated in model solutions of organic toxicant of oxidative type, 1,4-benzoquinone. Detoxification coefficients were calculated to analyze and compare the antioxidant activity. Higher toxicity and lower antioxidant activity were demonstrated in the solutions of fullerenols with higher number of the oxygen substituents (х+у=40–42). The differences were concerned with fullerenol’ ability to disturb Reactive Oxygen Species balance in aqueous solutions. Toxic effect of the prospective endohedral metal-fullerenol with gadolinium atom involved, Gd@C82Oy(OH)x, where х+у=40–42, was evaluated and explained by a high number of oxygen groups
Attraction of Urban Rail Transit According to TOD: A Case of Shanghai
Authors: Zhang Ping , Zhong Zheyi , Zhang Tianran
Published: January 2019

The concept of transit-oriented development (TOD) has been widely recognized in recent years for its role in reducing car traffic, improving public transportation, and enhancing traffic sustainability. This paper conducts empirical research on a developed rail transit network, using Shanghai as a case study. In addition to traditional TOD features, other factors based on urban rail transit are introduced, including multi-level modeling (MLM), which is used to analyze the possible factors influencing rail patronage. To avoid the bias of research results led by the correlation between independent variables, factors are divided into two levels. The first level includes three groups of variables: the built environment, station characteristics, and socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. The second level includes a set of variables which are regional characteristics. Results show that the most significant impact on train patronage is station location in the business district area. Other factors that have a positive effect on promoting rail transit travel include the number of service facilities around the station, degree of employment around the station, economic level, intensity of residential development, if the station is a transfer station, the operating period of the station, and the size of the large transportation hub around the station.
Increase in Critical Current Density for Increasing Applied Magnetic Field in a High-Temperature Superconducting Superlattice
Authors: Ishiguri Shinichi , Tawara Shotaro
Published: January 2019

In the present work, a superlattice structure comprising superconducting and insulator layers is studied. Here, if a magnetic field is applied parallel to the layers, the lack of a pinning center leads to a novel transition; in particular, as the applied magnetic field is reduced, the stationary wave surrounding the magnetic flux quantum in the superconducting layer eventually collides with the superconducting–insulating interfaces on both sides because its radius becomes larger than the width of the superconducting layer. At this instant, the stationary wave will collapse, and a transition will occur: the magnetic quanta are collapsed and thus the uniform magnetic field distribution is achieved, which corresponds to the transition from the superconducting state to the normal state over critical current. Considering a one-dimensional model of the structure, a critical current density equation is derived that indicates an increase in the critical current density for increased applied magnetic field. Subsequently, the same calculation was conducted after changing the direction of the magnetic field component, and the combination of these two calculations expresses the anisotropic property of the structure. The phenomenon is also predicted for anisotropic critical current density. This phenomenon is an important discovery that helps manufacture high-temperature superconducting tape as well as large high-temperature superconducting coils.
Assessing Concentration Changes of Odorant Compounds in the Thermal-Mechanical Drying Phase of Sediment-Like Wastes from Olive Oil Extraction
Authors: Hernández Diógenes , Quinteros-Lama Héctor , Tenreiro Claudio , Gabriel David
Published: January 2019

In the industrial production of olive oil, both solid wastes and those produced from their incineration are a serious environmental problem since only 20% w/w of the fruit becomes oil and the rest is waste, mainly orujo and alperujo. A key aspect to transform these wastes into an important source of energy such as pellets is to recognize the most appropriate time of the year for waste drying, with the objective of minimizing the environmental impact of the volatile compounds contained in the waste. In this work, the emissions produced during thermal-mechanical drying were studied along a period of six months of waste storage in which alperujo and orujo were stored in open containers under uncontrolled environmental conditions. The studied emissions were produced when both wastes were dried in a pilot rotary drying trommel at 450ºC to reduce their initial humidity of around 70-80% w/w to 10-15% w/w. Results indicated that when the storage time of the wastes in uncontrolled environments increases, the emission of odorant compounds during drying also increases as a consequence of the biological and chemical processes occurring in the containers during waste storage. The main odorant VOCs were quantified monthly for six months at the outlet of the drying trommel. It was determined that the drying of this type of waste can be carried out properly until the third month of storage. Afterwards, the concentration of most VOCs produced widely exceeded the odor thresholds of selected compounds.
Service Mechanism and Pricing Based on Fairness Preference of Customers in Queuing System
Authors: Xu Yong , Liu Jian , Ma Baomei , Zhang Shuai
Published: January 2019

Service providers often adopt the mechanism of customer classification due to the heterogeneity of customer waiting cost. However, the classification service may cause unfairness feeling of regular customers, then affect the revenue and social welfare. This paper provides the first exact analysis about the situation that service providers offer two classes of non-preemptive priority service when customer fairness perception is explicitly modeled. We model customer fairness perception as a negative utility on regular customers that’s proportional to the waiting time difference between the two queues. By analyzing a stylized M/M/1 queue in monopoly service system, we can derive important results some of which reaffirm existed research results. First, from the perspective of revenue maximization, service providers should also adopt the mechanism of customer classification and set up the two kinds of customers where they can see each other. Next, considering customer utility maximization, service providers should cancel the mechanism of customer classification, and keep one queue (regular customers) only. Then, from the perspective of social welfare maximization, service providers should also adopt the mechanism of customer classification but set up the two kinds of customers where they cannot feel each other. Finally, this paper concludes the optimal pricing based on customer classification in the above three different perspectives. This research shows important reference value and practical significance for service providers who adopt the mechanism of classification service.
Do Macroeconomic Determinants of Non-Performing Loans Vary with the Income Levels of Countries?
Authors: Koju Laxmi , Abbas Ghulam , Wang Shouyang
Published: January 2019

This paper explores the macroeconomic determinants of non-performing loans (NPL) in 19 Asian countries (low to high income economies) using the Generalized Method of Moments estimation approach based on the economic data for the period between 1998 and 2015. The categorization of the economies is based on the average gross national income per capita as set by the World Bank. Specifically, the paper aims to evaluate if the determinants of NPL vary with the income levels of the countries. The results indicate that the NPL is strongly influenced by the inflation rate. The effect is, however, negative in the high-income and the middle-income countries and positive in the low-income countries. The GDP per capita has a dynamic negative relationship with the NPL in the high-income and the low-income countries. The remittance has a significant positive association in the high-income and a significant negative association in the low-income countries. Similarly, the unemployment rate has a positive effect on NPL in the middle-income and the low-income countries. With the rise in the official exchange rate, the NPL level increases in the low-income countries. The overall estimation results suggest that the NPL in Asian banking system depend on some key macroeconomic variables, such as unemployment rate, inflation rate, official exchange rate, remittance received and gross domestic product per capita, and these associations vary with the income level of the countries. Therefore, economic level of a country should be carefully considered while formulating credit policy to minimize credit risks in the banking system.