bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In silico Identification and Characterization of Novel Drug Targets in Treponema denticola (strain ATCC 35405 / DSM 14222 / CIP 103919 / JCM 8153 / KCTC 15104): A Subtractive Genomics Approach
Authors: Chowdhury Ashiqur Rahman Khan , Billah Sajid Mehran , Meem Maksuda Begum , Mahi Mahiea Hossain , Zaman Tonima , Onia Sumaiya Khanam , Ishita Afsana Ferdousi , Hossain M Mahboob
Published: September 2024

Treponema denticola is a gram-negative, highly drug resistant bacterium found in primary dentition infections and around teeth. It causes inflammation and tissue homeostasis, linked to periodontal diseases like earlyonset periodontitis, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, and acute pericoronitis. Research is needed to develop powerful, cost-effective, secure, and environmentally friendly antibiotics and techniques to control and manage infections caused by this bacterium. This study exploits the sophisticated in silico subtractive genomics approach to investigate potential therapeutic targets that are exclusive to the pathogen T. denticola. The full sequencing data of the Treponema denticola (strain ATCC 35405 / DSM 14222 / CIP 103919 / JCM 8153 / KCTC 15104) proteome has facilitated the computational analysis of its genome. Our analysis found 126 proteins of the pathogen that had no resemblance to the human genome. The Database of Essential Genes (DEG) identified 12 bacterial proteins which were indispensable to the pathogen, while the KEGG Automated Annotation Server (KAAS) found in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways database analysis of the non-homologous proteins revealed 11 T. denticola enzymes that can be targeted for drug development. Moreover, based on sub-cellular localization prediction, all selected proteins were cytoplasmic proteins and the no outer membrane proteins were present among the non-homologous proteins, and virulent protein predictions revealed no virulent proteins among the selected proteins. Therefore, eleven proteins were selected based on their involvement in unique metabolic pathways inside the pathogen that were not present in the host. The study further revealed the protein-protein interactions of these eleven essential proteins, and successfully anticipated, assessed, and verified the three-dimensional structures of these proteins. Undertaking a screening process to detect functional inhibitors for these newly revealed targets may lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic drugs that can effectively combat Treponema denticola.
CBMJ 2024 July: vol. 13 no. 02 P: 251-264
Comparing the Outcomes of Anti-VEGF Treatment for Choroidal Neovascular Membrane
Authors: Bhuyan Md Mahboobur Rahman , Kadir Syeed Mehbub Ul , Faridi Jamsed , Sultana Naznin , Ullah Mohammad Afzal Mahfuz , Hasan Shah Noor
Published: September 2024

This quasi-experimental study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, and Bangladesh Eye Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from March 2020 to August 2021, to compare the efficacy of Bevacizumab and Ranibizumab on patients with choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) due to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). A total of 34 eyes of 34 participants with CNVM in AMD divided into Group A, received monthly intravitreal ranibizumab (0.5 mg in 0.05 ml) and Group B, bevacizumab (1.25 mg in 0.05 ml) for 3 consecutive months. Before treatment, mean BCVA was found 37.9412±16.68259 in group A and 35.2941±12.68249 in group B. After treatment, the mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was found 53.5294±14.97547 in group A and 48.8235±13.75334 in group B. The differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05) between two groups. The improvement in BCVA was highly significant (p<0.0001) in both groups before and after giving intravitreal bevacizumab and ranibizumab. Before treatment, mean central macular thickness (OCT) was found in 344.8824±82.51582 μm in group A and 360.1765±82.22016 μm in group B. After treatment, OCT was found 255.18±71.852 μm in group A and 241.76±42.405 μm in group B. The differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05) between two groups. However, the improvement by decreasing macular thickness was highly significant (p<0.0001) in both groups before and after giving intravitreal bevacizumab and ranibizumab. Treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab or ranibizumab was associated with a similar improvement in mean visual acuity and decreasing central macular thickness by 4 months.
CBMJ 2024 July: vol. 13 no. 02 P: 265-273
Leiomyoma of the Nasal Septum – A Case Report
Authors: Biswas Binoy Krishna , Khan Manjurul Karim , Jahan Shahanaz
Published: September 2024

Leiomyomas of the nasal cavity are rare and benign tumour of vascular smooth muscle origin that uncommonly arise from the nasal septum. In the nasal cavity they contribute less than 1% of all human leiomyoma. Leiomyomas are more commonly found in female genital tract (uterus), gastrointestinal tract and subcutaneous tissue. They are classified in three groups: leiomyoma, angiomyoma and epithelioid leiomyoma. Here, we report a clinical case of a rare vascular leiomyoma in the nasal septum in a 32-year-old man. The treatment of choice was surgical excision. A brief review of the literature, treatment and aetiological variations are discussed.
CBMJ 2024 July: vol. 13 no. 02 P: 274-276
Disease Pattern among the Patients of Sexually Transmitted Infection : A Cross Sectional Study of 70 Cases
Authors: Ahmed Shalahuddin
Published: September 2024

Background: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) including Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) continue to present major health problems in Bangladesh, leading to considerable morbidity, mortality and stigma. To determine the diseases pattern among the patients of sexually transmitted infection attending at the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Bangabandhu Memorial Hospital of Chattogram, this study was performed.
Materials and methods : This cross sectional study was carried in the Department of Dermatology & Venereology, Bangabandhu Memorial Hospital, Chattogram during the period August to November 2023. A total of 70 cases were enrolled in this study. Among them, 58 patients were male and 12 patients were female.
Results: Genital ulcer (28.57%) was the most common clinical presentation among the attendees. Primary syphilis was the most common (18.57%) STI detected among the participants followed by herpes genitalis (17.14%). The most common mixed infection was primary syphilis with chancroid (33.34%) followed by herpes genitalis with primary syphilis (25%).
Conclusion: Ulcerative STIs singly or in combination are more frequent than the non-ulcerative STIs.
IAHS Medical Journal  Volume 06(2), December 2023; 5-8
Safety and Efficacy of Bull’s-Eye versus Triangulation Technique for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md Tanvir , Ul Haque Monowar , Rahman Mofizur , Ghose Anirban , Majumder Kamal Uddin , Ullah A Z M Forman , Anwar Shahed Mohammed , Al Mubeshera Bushra
Published: September 2024

Background: Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) has underwent considerable evolution, which has been driven by advances in access techniques, instrumentation and endoscopic technology. Renal access can be achieved by ultrasonography, fluoroscopy and Computed Tomography guidance. Access under fluoroscopy can be achieved by ‘Triangulation’ or ‘Eye of the needle’ (Bull's eye) techniques. This study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of both these techniques.
Materials and methods: This quasi experimental study was conducted at the Department of Urology, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chattogram. A total 136 patients were selected with renal calculi (2-4cm), considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among these, half of the patients were included in group A (Bull’s-eye technique) and rest of the patients were in group B (Triangulation technique) using Simple random table. After proper counseling and written informed consent, all patients underwent PCNL under general anesthesia. On postoperative day 2, a plain X-ray was obtained to document stone clearance. Close follow up and recording was done to search for any complications. Stata (V.16) software was used for the analysis.
Results: The baseline characteristics (Age, sex, BMI, stone size and stone location) of the patients in group A and group B were almost similar. In the present study, stone free rate was 92.64% in group A and 91.18% in group B (p=0.75), statistically insignificant between groups according to stone size and stone location. Mean access time of group A was 1.69±0.49 mins and that of group B was 2.22±0.24 mins. The mean fluoroscopy time (Min) for access in group A was 1.00±0.26 mins and the that of group B was 1.47±0.56 mins. Both access time and fluoroscopy time for access were significantly lower in Bull’s-eye techniques for PCNL (p<0.05). The mean total fluoroscopy time (Min) of group A was 4.80±0.58 mins and that of group B was 5.24±0.35 mins (p<0.05), which was statistically significant. In present study, mean total procedure time was 91.64±29.83 mins in group A and that was 96.09±31.39 min in group B, which was not statistically significant (p = 0.378). Mean hospital stay period in group A and group B were 3.57±0.82 days and 3.36±0.73 days respectively, which was not statistically significant (p=0.126).Perioperative complications were occurred in both groups, but no significant difference. Post-operative pain and analgesic requirements were almost similar.
Conclusion: ‘Bull’s-eye’ technique for renal access in PCNL is as fruitful as ‘Triangulation’ technique with potential advantages in terms of less access time and fluoroscopy time. Both access techniques were associated with similar operative times, hospitalization times and success and complication rates.
IAHS Medical Journal Volume 6(2) December, 2023; 13-18
Consciouness and Practice of Personal Hygiene among the High School Students of a Rural Area in Chattogram
Authors: Ghosh Purnasree , Mahmud Sayeed , Deb Ajoy , Muzumder Pranay Kumar , Chowdhury Saimon Raihan Uddin , Urmi Sharmin Sultana , Onamika Mensila
Published: September 2024

Backround: Good health is a sign of a country's economic well-being. Personal hygiene should be maintained first and foremost for high accuracy in work, low disease suffering and disease prevention. Maintaining good hygiene is crucial because it can prevent many infectious diseases. Personal hygiene habits may have developed during childhood. Children in school are especially prone to disregarding basic personal hygiene.This study was conducted to assess the consciousness and practice of personal hygiene among the students of a rural high school in Chattogram.
Materials and methods: It was a descriptive type of cross-sectionalstudy and data were collected from 314 students of Guman Mardan Pashkarhut High School in Hathazari Upazila, Chattogram from August to October 2023 by interviewer administrative questionnaire.
Results: Among the respondents, most of them 141(45%) were in the age group 11-12 years. About 207 (66%) were girls and 302(96%) were Muslims. Maximum 172 (54.8%) respondents were from class VII and class 8 and 36.5% were from lower middle class. About 241(77%) heard about the term personal hygiene and maximum students, 152(63.1%) heard it from school. Most of the students 241(77%) had idea on basic requirement of personal hygiene. It was found that maximum respondents 300 (96%) know about the importance of handwashing. Among all students, 73% brush twice daily, about 307(97.77%) take shower daily in summer and 302 (96%) practiced in winter, 293 (93.31%) used a towel of their own. During tiffin time, 211(67.20%) had taken  home made food.
Conclusion: As most of the children neglect maintenance of personal hygiene, so their habit should be changed. It should be practiced from early childhood to lead a healthy, disease-free productive life.   
IAHS Medical Journal Vol 6(2), December 2023; 24-30
Diabetes Related Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among Diabetic Patients Attending at Chittagong Medical College Hospital
Authors: Azim Mohammed Noorul , Deb Ajoy , Khanam Zubaida , Akter Shamim , Roy Binimoy Baran , Farahnaz Sara , Chowdhury Sanjida
Published: September 2024

Background: Increased awareness among large population groups is a major determinant for the prevention of diabetes and its complications. Knowledge and attitude are the principal markers of awareness that need to be studied in various population groups in specific racial and cultural contexts. Therefore, good Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) regarding diabetes are necessary in promoting care. This study aimed to explore Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP)-regarding Diabetes Mellitus (DM) among diabetic patients attending in Chittagong Medical College Hospital.
Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2022 to December 2022 among 289 diabetic patients from the outpatient department of Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chattogram. KAP were assessed by a pre-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire and categorized using predefined scores of poor (<< 30%), average (30-70%) and good (70%). Chi-square test was done to examine the association between diabetes related KAP and other covariates.
Results: Out of 289 participants 167(57.8%) of the participants had good knowledge, 208 (72%) had positive attitude and 173 (60%) had good practice related to DM. Poor knowledge was significantly associated with female gender (p=0.010), being housewife (p=0.023) and low socioeconomic status (p <0.001).
Conclusion: Present study identified some gap in KAP related to DM and some factors related to poor knowledge, negative attitude and poor practices among the diabetic patients, which highlighted the need of more comprehensive approach for DM related management in the study hospital.
IAHS Medical Journal Vol 6(2), December 2023; 44-47
Risk Factors Associated with Angiographic Severity of Coronary Artery Disease Based on Serum Uric Acid: A Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Chattogram, Bangladesh
Authors: Ismail Khondaker M , Sadaf Anika , Das Saurav , Latif Sayem Bin , Rahman Mohammad Mostafijur , Eva Tania Easmin
Published: September 2024

Background: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death worldwide, identifying risk factors and severity is crucial for management and prevention. Serum Uric Acid (SUA) has been proposed as a potential marker for the severity of CAD. Elevated SUA levels are associated with endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation, all of which contribute to the development and progression of atherosclerosis. This study aims to determine the association of risk factors with the severity of CAD using SUA levels.
Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted in the Department of Cardiology at CMCH in Chattogram over one year from October 2020 to September 2021. After case selection demographic data were collected and transthoracic echocardiography was performed on study patients.
Results: The study analyzed the association between SUA level and CAD severity in 130 patients undergoing coronary angiography. The mean SUA level was 5.06 mg/dl and was significantly associated with the presence of CAD, number of vessel involvement and severity of CAD assessed by the Gensini score. The mean SUA level in cases with CAD was significantly higher (5.26 ± 1.32 mg/dl) than in cases without CAD (4.22 ± 1.03 mg/dl).
Conclusion: This study concluded that demographic variables and risk factors are associated with the severity of CAD. The severity of CAD was higher in elderly and male patients. The study suggests that when assessing the risk in a CAD patient, hyperuricemia should be considered.
IAHS Medical Journal Volume 6(2) December 2023; 48-52
Food Hygiene Practices and the Risk of Diarrhea in Children of Working Mothers in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md Bellal , Zahan Refat , Karim Farhana
Published: September 2024

Background: This study addresses the imperative role of maternal personal and household hygiene in safeguarding young children from diarrhea in rural Bangladesh. With young children facing heightened susceptibility to diarrhea during weaning, potential sources of contamination include traditional weaning foods, water quality, and utensil hygiene. This study aims to investigate the influence of maternal hygiene practices on the prevalence of diarrhea among young children in rural area of Khulna, Bangladesh.
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in rural areas of Bangladesh from January to June 2023, focusing on under-five children and their working mothers.
Results: The study revealed significant associations between hygiene practices and diarrhea prevalence. Proper hand washing by mothers before food preparation exhibited a protective effect (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.03 - 3.24). Ensuring utensil hygiene was correlated with lower diarrhea risk (OR: 11.29, 95% CI: 5.19 - 24.55). Moreover, consistent maternal hand washing after using the toilet (OR: 6.92, 95% CI: 3.08 - 15.55) and before feeding (OR:2.38, 95% CI: 1.17 - 4.82) significantly reduced diarrhea risk among children.
Conclusion: The study underscores the critical role of maternal personal and household hygiene practices in preventing diarrhea among young children in rural Bangladesh.
IAHS Medical Journal Volume 6(2) December 2023; 73-77
Serum Electrolytes and Calcium Levels in Neonates Receiving Phototherapy for Neonatal Jaundice
Authors: Uddin Mohammad Belal , Islam Mohammad Toufiqul , Hossain Mohammad , Uddin Muhammad Gias , Ullah Monir , Mamtaz Sayeda Shahnoor Hasina , Akter Jahanara , Ul Quader Mohammad Maruf , Chowdhury Muhammad Jabed Bin Amin , Chowdhury Pranab Kumar
Published: September 2024

Background: Neonatal Jaundice (NJ) is one of the most common causes of neonatal admission. Phototherapy is an important treatment modality for NJ. However, this treatment modality may itself result in changes of different biochemical parameters. The study aimed to evaluate the changes in serum electrolytes (Sodium, potassium and chloride) and calcium in neonates receiving phototherapy for NJ.
Materials and methods: One hundred and two term neonates admitted to the Special Care Newborn Unit, Chattogram Medical College Hospital for the management of NJ by phototherapy were enrolled in this prospective observational study. Serum bilirubin, sodium, potassium, chloride and calcium were measured before and after 48 hours of phototherapy and compared.
Results: The mean gestational age and mean age of admission of the neonates were 38.6±0.6 weeks and 6.42 ± .67 day respectively. The mean sodium, potassium and calcium level before therapy was respectively, 138.4±1.8 mmol/L, 4.1±0.3 mmol/L and 8.8±0.3 mg/dl. There was significant decrease in the level of mean sodium (136.4±1.6 mmol/L), potassium (3.8 ± 0.3 mmol/L) and calcium (8.4±0.4 mg/dL) after phototherapy. All neonates had normal level of serum calcium, sodium, potassium and chloride before phototherapy. After 48 hours of phototherapy, 46 (45.1%) of them had abnormal values with the incidence hypocalcaemia, hyponatraemia and hypokalemia respectively in 21.6%, 25.5% and 10.8% of the neonates.
Conclusion: Neonates undergoing phototherapy are at risk of developing hyponatraemia, hypokalaemia and hypocalcaemia. Closed monitoring is essential to observe the changes in sodium, potassium and calcium and should be managed accordingly.
IAHS Medical Journal Volume 6(2) December 2023; 83-86
Takayasu Arteritis Presented with Unilateral Vision Loss : A Case Report
Authors: Jabed Syed Md , Sharmin Shaila , Ferdous Md , Saha Puja
Published: September 2024

Background: Takayasu Arteritis (TA) is a rare chronic granulomatous inflammation of the aorta or its branches and is prevalent all around the world. It causes stenosis of large arteries and ischaemic damage to target organs. There is usually a delay in recognising TA because of the rarity and unfamiliarity with the disease, unspecific early symptoms and lack of diagnostic equipment for early diagnosis. The purpose of the study to reminding readers of this issue and emphasize the necessity for further research on how to deal with in the best way.
Case Report: We report a case of 30 years old male presented on 22nd August 2023 at Institute of Applied Health Sciences (IAHS) Chattogram with gradual loss of vision of left eye over a month accompanied by headache and later on diagnosed as a case of Takayasu’s Arteritis.
Conclusion: Visual loss is the most common ocular symptom in Takayasu arteritis. Since a variety of causes may result in reduced vision in Takayasu arteritis. A careful history is very important to ascertain the cause of visual loss in Takayasu arteritis patients to reduce unnessary investigations and referrals.
IAHS Medical Journal Volume 6(2) December 2023; 90-92
Fostering Inclusive and Effective Education: Insights from Bangladesh
Authors: Rahaman Muhammed Mahbubur , Habib Md Ahsan , Wahiduzzaman M
Published: September 2024

The inaugural issue of the 50th volume of Teacher's World: Journal of Education and Research features a collection of eight scholarly articles that explore the challenges and opportunities within Bangladesh's education sector. These articles address various facets of education, such as the struggles of marginalized communities, digital learning, and pedagogical advancements. The thematic synthesis of these articles offers significant insights into the diverse dimensions of education, encompassing issues from the obstacles faced by marginalized groups to the impacts of digital learning and innovative teaching methods. Bangladesh confronts numerous challenges in promoting inclusive and practical education due to its diverse socio-economic landscape. Economic inequalities, gender disparities, infrastructure deficiencies, and technological gaps impede students' access to quality education. The analysis of the selected articles highlights that government initiatives aimed at equitable resource allocation and inclusive education can bridge existing gaps. Strengthening community engagement can address local educational needs, ensuring accessibility and tailored support. Additionally, innovative teaching methods, such as the flipped classroom model and experiential learning, can enhance student engagement and learning outcomes. The role of public-private partnerships in mobilizing resources, expertise, and technology is crucial for improving educational infrastructure and quality. Collaborations between the government, private sector, and NGOs can create comprehensive solutions to educational challenges. Addressing these challenges and leveraging opportunities requires a multifaceted approach involving policy reform, community engagement, innovative teaching methods, and strategic partnerships. By fostering inclusive and practical education, Bangladesh can pave the way for a brighter and more equitable future for its students. Furthermore, participation in global educational initiatives and networks can introduce new perspectives, resources, and best practices, enriching the local education system and fostering continuous improvement.
Teacher’s World: Journal of Education and Res arch, 50(1): 1-5
Practice of Educational Administration Theories in Secondary School of Bangladesh
Authors: Muktha Afroza Islam , Wahiduzzaman M
Published: September 2024

The efficient execution of educational programs in schools has made the position of educational administrators increasingly important. Theories offer a conceptual structure that facilitates comprehending, forecasting, and managing behavior within organizational settings. The purpose of this study is to explore the practice of educational administration (EA) theories in secondary school of Bangladesh, and the role of educational administrators. A qualitative approach is used for gaining in-depth understanding in the real-life-situation. Semi-Structure Interview and Focus Group Discussion have been used to collect data. Data have been analyzed using thematic analysis technique. Findings show that secondary schools of Bangladesh are practicing the Scientific Management Theory and System Theory collaboratively through maintaining formal structure. Human Relationship and Behavioral Approach Theory have been practiced in the shadow of formal structure. As well a hybrid approach is being practiced in the schools. The administrators find the challenges to practice these theories. The challenges are lack of infrastructure, scarcity of teaching learning resources, teacher-student-ratio, local conflict, and school managing committee’s internal clash. The findings of this study would be useful for educators, educational administrators and researchers in advancing EA theories in education.
Teacher’s World: Journal of Education and Res arch, 50(1): 135-154
Exploring Peer Perceptions of the Students with Disabilities: A Study at University of Dhaka
Authors: Das Asim , Ormi Nosrat Jahan , Nishat Tahmid Anjum
Published: September 2024

In Bangladesh, government-led initiatives in inclusive education aim to integrate individuals with disabilities into mainstream educational settings. Recognizing the significant influence of peers, this study examines the perceptions of University of Dhaka students towards their peers with disabilities. Participants from various departments offer insights into their perceptions and justifications regarding individuals with disabilities. Through a survey questionnaire administered to 105 students, the research explores perceptions, beliefs, and intentions towards peers with disabilities. The findings highlight a predominantly positive attitude among both undergraduate and postgraduate students, emphasizing the importance of inclusive practices within higher education. This study enhances the understanding of peer interactions and perceptions towards disability in an academic context, stressing the necessity of fostering inclusive environments that encourage diversity and acceptance among students. Further research could build upon these findings to inform policies and practices aimed at improving inclusivity and support for students with disabilities in higher education.
Teacher’s World: Journal of Education and Res arch, 50(1): 171-186
Dissemination of Agricultural Culture in the Chinese TikTok Environment: A Case Study of Let’s Farm
Authors: LIU JIAXI
Published: September 2024

In the digital era, platforms like China's TikTok (Douyin) have become essential in disseminating agricultural culture. This study explores how the Chinese agricultural-themed variety show Let's Farm effectively promotes agricultural dissemination on TikTok. Grounded in participatory cultural theory and uses & gratifications theory, this research employs a mixed-method approach to analyze content and audience interactions. The study involves a content analysis of Let's Farm's videos and live streams on Douyin, focusing on publication frequency, audience engagement (likes, comments, shares), and the types of content posted by the production team and cast members. Additionally, the study examines user-generated content to evaluate its contribution to the show's dissemination and conducts an analysis of audience comments to understand their motivations and reactions to the content. The findings indicate that Let's Farm effectively promotes Chinese agricultural culture through strategic content marketing and interactive activities on TikTok.Additionally, audience-driven secondary creation boosts content dissemination, leading to substantial diffusion. The educational value of the program is evident in its ability to make agricultural knowledge accessible and engaging, particularly to younger audiences. These insights offer practical recommendations for leveraging new media platforms to enhance cultural diffusion and educational impact.
Increasing Students' Activity and Understanding of Concepts in Mathematics Learning Using Lesson Study-Based PBL
Authors: Rahmadhani Puspitaningrum Ayu , Farahsanti Isna , Ariyanto Edi
Published: September 2024

This research is motivated by the lack of student learning activity that affects the understanding of student concepts in mathematics learning in class XI F 4.2 SMA Veteran 1 Sukoharjo. The importance of student activity in learning needs to be done so that learning becomes interesting and students have the curiosity to learn more deeply related to the knowledge taught by the teacher, in addition, understanding the concept is one of the important factors that supports student activity in the learning process. This study aims to improve the activity and understanding of student concepts in mathematics learning using PBL based on lesson study. The subjects in this study were 27 students of class XI F4.2 majoring in social sciences. The study results showed that using the PBL learning model based on lesson study can improve the activity and understanding of student concepts in learning. Based on the study's results, the percentage of student activity increased from pre-cycle 15% and cycle 1 by 59% then cycle 2 by 100%. This is the same as the increase in student's conceptual understanding from the pre-cycle stage with a percentage of 37%, then cycle 1 by 59% to cycle 2 by 100%, so it can be concluded that using the lesson study-based PBL learning model can increase students' activeness and conceptual understanding.
Analysis of Adaptive Reasoning Ability in Middle School Students Mathematics Learning
Authors: Putri Dela Amelia , Warmi Attin
Published: September 2024

Mathematics is one of the subjects taught in formal educational institutions, which is an important part of efforts to improve the quality of education. Students' adaptive reasoning ability in mathematics is reflected through their critical, logical, and systematic thinking, and their objective, honest, and disciplined nature in solving problems, whether in mathematics, other subjects, or daily life. This study aims to evaluate the adaptive reasoning ability in mathematics of middle school students. This research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The subjects of this study were 14 students from SMPIT Al-Irsyad Al-Islamiyyah Karawang, grouped into five levels: very high, high, medium, low, and very low. Data were collected from the tests on adaptive reasoning ability in mathematics to understand the students' reasoning abilities. Scores were given to students who answered each question based on the indicators achieved. The highest percentage was obtained on the indicator of forming conjectures, at 48.21%, while the lowest rate was 3.57% on the indicator of finding patterns in a mathematical phenomenon. Overall, the average results for each indicator were: Indicator 1 - 48.21%, Indicator 2 - 26.79%, Indicator 3 - 35.71%, Indicator 4 - 8.93%, and Indicator 5 - 3.57%. Therefore, the average percentage of student achievement in answering the adaptive reasoning ability test in mathematics was 24.64%. It can be concluded that middle school students' mastery of adaptive reasoning ability in mathematics is categorized as low.
The Influence of Murabahah, Musyarakah, Mudharabah and Qardh on the Profitability of Islamic Commercial Banks
Authors: Nurjanah Feby , Budiantoro Harry , Gunawan Andri , Zhafiraah Nazma Riska , Ningsih Hestin Agus Tantri
Published: September 2024

This research aims to determine how the effect of Murabahah, Musyarakah, Mudharabah and Qardh financing on profitability at Islamic Commercial Banks for the period 2017-2021. The research method used in this research is quantitative research method. The data collection method was carried out through documentation using secondary data taken from the financial statements of each Islamic commercial bank in 2017-2021. The sampling method used purposive sampling technique with the analysis technique used was multiple linear regression using the SPSS version 26 application. The results showed that none of the Murabahah variables had an effect on profitability. Musyarakah variable has a negative and significant effect on profitability. Meanwhile, Mudharabah and Qardh variables have a positive and significant effect on profitability. The managerial implication is that Murabahah as the type of financing most often used by Islamic banks provides a relatively stable fixed income because it uses the principle of a fixed margin agreed upon in advance. Musharakah involves joint capital participation between the bank and the customer, where the bank gets a share of the profits or bears the losses according to the agreement. The bank acts as the capital owner (shahibul maal) who hands over funds to the business manager (mudharib) and gets a share of the profits.
Pengaruh Pijat Oksitosin Pada Ibu Nifas Terhadap Kecukupan ASI Bayi
Authors: Windanoraya Rhisa , Alfitri Rosyidah , Keswara Nila Widya
Published: September 2024

Cakupan ASI eksklusif di wilayah Puskesmas Wonoasih mencapai 58,2% pada tahun2022, yang lebih rendah dari target program sebesar 60%. Kondisi ini menunjukkanadanya bayi yang tidak mendapatkan ASI eksklusif. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukanuntuk meningkatkan produksi ASI pada ibu nifas adalah dengan menerapkan teknik pijatoksitosin. Pijat ini bernilai ekonomis dan dapat dilakukan oleh suami atau anggota keluargalainnya. Berdasarkan studi pendahuluan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Wonoasih, 80%ibu nifas melaporkan bahwa ASInya tidak keluar dengan lancar dan belum mengetahuitentang pijat oksitosin serta manfaatnya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengetahui pengaruh pijat oksitosin pada ibu nifas terhadap kecukupan ASI pada bayi diwilayah kerja Puskesmas Wonoasih, Kota Probolinggo. Metode penelitian menggunakandesain pra-eksperimen dengan teknik purposive sampling, yang melibatkan dua grupdalam skema pretest-posttest. Kelompok intervensi diberikan perlakuan berupa pijatoksitosin, dan data dikumpulkan melalui uji Wilcoxon untuk menilai pengaruh intervensiterhadap kecukupan ASI. Hasil Pada kelompok intervensi, uji Wilcoxon menunjukkannilai 0.002 > 0.05, yang mengindikasikan adanya pengaruh signifikan dari pijat oksitosinterhadap kecukupan ASI pada bayi. Kesimpulan penelitian ini terdapat pengaruh yangsignifikan dari penerapan pijat oksitosin pada ibu nifas terhadap kecukupan ASI bayi diwilayah kerja Puskesmas Wonoasih, Kota Probolinggo. Pijat oksitosin terbukti efektifdalam meningkatkan kecukupan ASI pada ibu nifas
Long-term analysis of drinking water quality in poultry and pig farms in Northwest Germany
Authors: Münster Pia , Kemper Nicole
Published: September 2024

Hygienically safe drinking water is essential for the health, well-being, and efficient production of livestock. In contrast to drinking water for human consumption, there are guidelines but no legal limits for drinking water for animals. Risk factors due to hygienically relevant microorganisms or chemical compounds in drinking water are known from literature, but there is little information on the quality of drinking water for livestock in Germany. To gain an overview of the quality of drinking water, data from samples collected from pig and poultry farms in Northwest Germany over a 10-year period were analyzed retrospectively. Data consisted of 326 samples analyzed chemically, and 519 samples analyzed microbiologically. Of these, 80 water samples were analyzed for both chemical and microbial contaminants. There was no correlation between samples exceeding chemical and microbial guideline levels. The number of samples exceeding the chemical guideline values (58.0%) was higher than the number of samples exceeding the microbiological guideline values (47.4%). This long-term study illustrated the potential risk to pigs and poultry from drinking water and highlights the need for effective hygiene measures to prevent the transmission of microorganisms and chemicals residues through water to maintain animal health and safe food products.
Holistic shape variation of the rib cage in an adult population
Authors: Robinson Andrea , Zheng Bowen , von Kleeck B. Wade , Tan Josh , Gayzik F. Scott
Published: September 2024

Traumatic injuries to the thorax are a common occurrence, and given the disparity in outcomes, injury risk is non-uniformly distributed within the population. Rib cage geometry, in conjunction with well-established biomechanical characteristics, is thought to influence injury tolerance, but quantifiable descriptions of adult rib cage shape as a whole are lacking. Here, we develop an automated pipeline to extract whole rib cage measurements from a large population and produce distributions of these measurements to assess variability in rib cage shape. Ten measurements of whole rib cage shape were collected from 1,719 individuals aged 25–45 years old including angular, linear, areal, and volumetric measures. The resulting pipeline produced measurements with a mean percent difference to manually collected measurements of 1.7% ± 1.6%, and the whole process takes 30 s per scan. Each measurement followed a normal distribution with a maximum absolute skew value of 0.43 and a maximum absolute excess kurtosis value of 0.6. Significant differences were found between the sexes (p < 0.001) in all except angular measures. Multivariate regression revealed that demographic predictors explain 29%–68% of the variance in the data. The angular measurements had the three lowest R2 values and were also the only three to have little correlation with subject stature. Unlike other measures, rib cage height had a negative correlation with BMI. Stature was the dominant demographic factor in predicting rib cage height, coronal area, sagittal area, and volume. Subject weight was the dominant demographic factor for rib cage width, depth, axial area, and angular measurements. Age was minimally important in this cohort of adults from a narrow age range. Individuals of similar height and weight had average rib cage measurements near the regression predictions, but the range of values across all subjects encompassed a large portion of their respective distributions. Our findings characterize the variability in adult rib cage geometry, including the variation within narrow demographic criteria. In future work, these can be integrated into computer aided engineering workflows to assess the influence of whole rib cage shape on the biomechanics of the adult human thorax.
Mechanical force promotes tissue and molecular changes in adipose tissue regeneration post-transplantation
Authors: Ye Yuan , Ma Jian , Guo Bing-yang , Li Xiong-jie , Hu Kui-kui , Tan Mei-jun , Zhang Liang
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Fat grafting often yields inconsistent and suboptimal results, necessitating improved fat processing techniques. A stromal vascular fraction (SVF) gel created using mechanical emulsification demonstrates superior retention rates to conventional Coleman fat grafts.

Methods

This study investigated the mechanisms at play by transplanting fat aspirates from liposuction patients—either processed as Coleman fat grafts or further refined into an SVF gel via mechanical shear force—onto the backs of nude mice.

Results

The retention rate of the SVF gel after transplantation surpassed that observed for Coleman fat. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunofluorescence results demonstrated that the SVF gel group could form new adipose tissue characterized by well-organized mature fat structures. Mechanical shear force application induced increased mesenchymal stem cell abundance. Rather than merely surviving regeneration, fat was regenerated after transplantation, and the regenerated cells were mainly from mice, which was supported by microarray analysis. RNA-seq highlighted 601 genes expressed between SVF gel and Coleman fat groups, with 164 genes upregulated (cell cycle processes), and 437 genes downregulated (lipid metabolism).

Discussion

The application of mechanical shear force reduces the risk of complications and fosters cell proliferation and division, thereby enhancing the retention and regeneration of transplanted fat.
The application of nanodiscs in membrane protein drug discovery & development and drug delivery
Authors: Dong Yingkui , Tang Huan , Dai Han , Zhao Hongxin , Wang Junfeng
Published: September 2024

The phospholipid bilayer nanodiscs (LNDs), as a rapidly-developing tool in recent years, provide a natural bio-memebrane environment to maintain the native conformation and functions of membrane proteins as well as a versatile delivery vehicle for a variety of hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs. We have seen unprecedented advantages of phospholipid bilayer nanodiscs in membrane protein structure characterization, biochemical and physiological studies of membrane proteins, membrane environment studies, drug discovery & development, and drug delivery. Many previous reviews have been mainly focused on the advantages of nanodiscs in membrane protein researches, but few have touched upon the importance and potential application of nanodiscs in pharmaceutical industries. This review will provide general description of the structural characteristics, advantages, classification, and applications of phospholipid nanodiscs, with particular focus on nanodisc-enabled membrane protein drug discovery & development as well as drug delivery.
Gut microbiota and metabolomic profile changes play critical roles in tacrolimus-induced diabetes in rats
Authors: Jiang Zhenwei , Qian Minyan , Zhen Zeng , Yang Xuping , Xu Caomei , Zuo Li’an , Jiang Jingting , Zhang Wenting , Hu Nan
Published: September 2024

Aims

Hyperglycemia is one of the adverse effects of tacrolimus (TAC), but the underlying mechanism is not fully identified. We used multi-omics analysis to evaluate the changes in the gut microbiota and metabolic profile of rats with TAC-induced diabetes.

Methods

To establish a diabetic animal model, Sprague Dawley rats were divided randomly into two groups. Those in the TAC group received intraperitoneal injections of TAC (3 mg/kg) for 8 weeks, and those in the CON group served as the control. 16S rRNA sequencing was used to analyze fecal microbiota. The metabolites of the two groups were detected and analyzed by nontargeted and targeted metabolomics, including amino acids (AAs), bile acids (BAs), and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs).

Results

The rats treated with TAC exhibited hyperglycemia as well as changes in the gut microbiota and metabolites. Specifically, their gut microbiota had significantly higher abundances of Escherichia-Shigella, Enterococcus, and Allobaculum, and significantly lower abundances of Ruminococcus, Akkermansia, and Roseburia. In addition, they had significantly reduced serum levels of AAs including asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and methionine. With respect to BAs, they had significantly higher serum levels of taurocholic acid (TCA), and glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA), but significantly lower levels of taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA). There were no differences in the levels of SCFAs between the two groups. Correlations existed among glucose metabolism indexes (fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin), gut microbiota (Ruminococcus and Akkermansia), and metabolites (glutamic acid, hydroxyproline, GCDCA, TDCA, and TUDCA).

Conclusions

Both AAs and BAs may play crucial roles as signaling molecules in the regulation of TAC-induced diabetes.
Transnational maritime environmental crime and the BBNJ Agreement
Authors: Lothian Sarah Louise
Published: September 2024

Marine areas beyond national jurisdiction are a prime target for transnational maritime environmental crime due to a fragmented international legal framework and a lack of coordination and cooperation between governance and institutional structures. On 19 June 2023, member States of the United Nations adopted the Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ Agreement). As the third Implementing Agreement to the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC), the BBNJ Agreement seeks to secure the long term protection and integrated management of marine biodiversity through the effective implementation of relevant provisions of the LOSC and by strengthening and promoting cooperation and coordination between and among relevant legal instruments, frameworks and relevant global, regional, subregional and sectoral bodies. This article examines the relationship between the BBNJ Agreement and transnational maritime environmental crime and considers ways the instrument could assist in efforts to combat such crime. As part of this analysis, this article explores how the BBNJ Agreement could provide an important platform for the formation of key partnerships and alliances by means of regional and bilateral dialogues, outreach and coalition-building to address transnational maritime environmental crime and mobilize and sustain the momentum for global action on this issue.
Management of PFO in paradoxical embolic stroke with hemorrhagic conversion: a case report
Authors: Sabina Michael , Khanani Aqeel , Tsai Joshua , Rigdon Amanda , Massaro Joseph
Published: September 2024

A paradoxical embolism is defined as a venous thrombus that crosses through a heart defect, into the systemic circulation, usually through a patent foramen ovale. Treatment varies between closure of patent foramen ovale vs. medical management based on a variety of individual risk factors and the cardiac defect's characteristics. We describe a case of paradoxical stroke complicated by hemorrhagic conversion, ultimately requiring an IVC filter.
The incidence, mortality and disease burden of cardiovascular diseases in China: a comparative study with the United States and Japan based on the GBD 2019 time trend analysis
Authors: Zhu Menglan , Jin Wenyu , He Wangbiao , Zhang Lulu
Published: September 2024

Background

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are not only the primary cause of mortality in China but also represent a significant financial burden. The World Health Organization highlight that as China undergoes rapid socioeconomic development, its disease spectrum is gradually shifting towards that of developed countries, with increasing prevalence of lifestyle-related diseases such as ischemic heart disease and stroke. We reviewed the rates and trends of CVDs incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) burden in China and compared them with those in the United States (US) and Japan for formulating CVDs control policies.

Methods

Data on CVDs incidence, death and DALYs in China, the US and Japan were obtained from the GBD 2019 database. The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trends in CVDs incidence and mortality in China, the US and Japan, calculate the annual percentage change and determine the best-fitting inflection points.

Results

In 2019, there were approximately 12,341,074 new diagnosed cases of CVDs in China, with 4,584,273 CVDs related deaths, causing 91,933,122 DALYs. The CVDs age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) in China (538.10/100,000) was lower than that in the US and globally, while age-standardized death rate (ASDR) (276.9/100,000) and age-standardized DALY rate (6,463.47/100,000) were higher than those in the two regions. Compared with the US and Japan, from 1990 to 2019, the CVDs incidence rate in China showed an increasing trend, with a lower annual decrease in ASDR and a younger age structure of disease burden. Furthermore, the disease spectrum in China changed minimally, with stroke, ischemic heart disease, and hypertensive heart disease being the top three leading CVDs diseases in terms of incidence and disease burden, also being the major causes of CVDs in the US and Japan.

Conclusion

The prevention and control of CVDs is a global issue. The aging population and increasing unhealthy lifestyles will continue to increase the burden in China. Therefore, relevant departments in China should reference the established practices for CVDs control in developed countries while considering the diversity of CVDs in different regions when adjusting national CVDs control programs.