bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disruption of Macroscale Functional Network Organisation in Patients with Frontotemporal Dementia
Authors: Migliaccio Raffaella , Bouzigues Arabella , Godefroy Valérie , Du Vincent Le , Russell Lucy , Houot Marion , Ber Isabelle Le , Batrancourt Bénédicte , Levy Richard , Warren Jason , Rohrer Jon , Margulies Daniel
Published: March 2024

Neurodegenerative dementias have a profound impact on higher-order cognitive and behavioural functions. Investigating macroscale functional networks through cortical gradients provides valuable insights into the neurodegenerative dementia process and overall brain function. This approach allows for the exploration of unimodal-multimodal differentiation and the intricate interplay between functional brain networks. We applied cortical gradients mapping in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients (behavioural-bvFTD, non-fluent and semantic) and healthy controls. In healthy controls, two principal gradients maximally distinguished sensorimotor from default-mode network (DMN) and visual from salience network (SN). However, in bvFTD, this unimodal-multimodal differentiation was disrupted, impacting the interaction among all networks. Importantly, these disruptions extended beyond the observed atrophy distribution. Semantic and non-fluent variants exhibited more focal alterations in limbic and sensorimotor networks, respectively. The DMN and visual networks demonstrated contrasting correlations with social cognition performances, suggesting either early damage (DMN) or compensatory processes (visual). In conclusion, optimal brain function requires networks to operate in a segregated yet collaborative manner. In FTD, our findings indicate a collapse and loss of differentiation between networks that goes beyond the observed atrophy distribution. These specific cortical gradients’ fingerprints could serve as a novel biomarker for identifying early changes in neurodegenerative diseases or potential compensatory processes.
DNA barcode analysis and antioxidant activity of Desmodium molliculum and Desmodium adscendens
Authors: Sarmiento-Pacurucu Josué , Santos-Ordóñez Efren , León-Tamariz Fabian , Villao-Uzho Liliana , Calle-Lopez Jessica , Peñaherrera Eugenia
Published: March 2024

In Ecuador, two species of Desmodium are used as traditional medicine. These are popularly known as “hierba del infante” and refer to D. adscendens and D. molliculum. The first species has a large base of information on its genetics and biological activity on which its traditional use is supported, while the second, D. molliculum, lacks this scientific information. This research aims to establish a base knowledge for the species D. molliculum: characterize the species genetically by obtaining the molecular DNA barcodes trnh-psbA, rbcL, matK, ITS1 and ITS2, evaluate its antioxidant effect and compare it with that of D. adscendens using the in vitro techniques of Folin-Ciocalteu, ABTS, DPPH and FRAP to assess its potential medicinal effect. De novo genetic DNA barcodes were obtained for the species D. molliculum and the phylogenetic analysis separated them from those obtained from D. adscendens, indicating that the analyzed species can be discriminated by DNA barcodes. In addition, the methanolic extracts of D. molliculum contain more than double the content of total polyphenols (30.1 ± 1.1 mg GAE/g dry plant) than those of D. adscendens (13.82 ± 0.74 mg AG/g dry plant) as well as better performance in all antioxidation assays. Additionally, this research established that the defatted extract of D. molliculum has the highest antioxidant activity in the ABTS (1.16 ± 0.001 mg TE/mg) and FRAP (0.39 ± 0.01 mg TE/mg) assays.
The status of rotavirus infection in children under five years of age with gastroenteritis: a cross-sectional study in southern Iran
Authors: Tariverdi Marjan , Fallahi Mahsa , Rahmati Mohammad Bagher , Hakami Maryam Mohammadian , Tamaddondar Mohammad
Published: March 2024

Background
The role of rotavirus in exacerbation of clinical manifestations and outcome in children under five years of age with gastroenteritis is still debated. We aimed to assess the frequency of rotavirus in children less than 5 years old with symptoms of gastroenteritis in Bandar Abbas, southern province of Iran.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was performed on 301 children up to five years of age with more than three episodes of watery diarrhea in the past 24 hours with or without vomiting and referred to children hospital in Bander Abbas in 2020. The Rotavirus Antigen ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) kit was intended for the detection of rotavirus antigen in feces.
Results
The stool test of 34.6% of patients was positive for rotavirus. Comparing the subgroups with and without rotavirus positivity showed higher rates of diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration. Rotavirus infection was also accompanied with higher episodes and longer duration of diarrhea.
Conclusion
In our statistical population selected from a province in the south of Iran, one third of gastroenteritis cases of children are associated with a positive test for rotavirus, and rotavirus infection in these children is accompanied by exacerbation of clinical manifestations related to gastroenteritis such as diarrhea and vomiting as well as dehydration.
Investigating the effects of brain stimulation on the neural substrates of inhibition in patients with OCD: A simultaneous tDCS – fMRI study
Authors: Rodriguez-Manrique Daniela , Koch Kathrin , Ruan Hanyang , Winkelmann Chelsea , Haun Julian , Berberich Götz , Zimmer Claus
Published: March 2024

Inhibition deficits constitute a core characteristic of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). There is evidence in healthy individuals that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) leads to a significantly improved inhibition performance. Against this background we investigated the effects of pre-SMA tDCS on inhibition performance and the underlying neural correlates in patients with OCD. Using a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled, cross-over design (i.e., tDCS sham vs. tDCS stimulation) we investigated the effects of 2mA anodal tDCS stimulation of the right pre-SMA in a sample of 46 OCD patients. tDCS was applied using the MRI-compatible NeuroConn DC-Stimulator which allowed for a concurrent stimulation, while patients performed an inhibition (i.e., Stroop) task in a 3 T MRI. Imaging data were analysed using a multivariate partial least squares (PLS) approach. tDCS stimulation (vs. sham) was associated with increased activation in a fronto-parieto-cerebellar network comprising, amongst others, the precentral, middle frontal and inferior frontal gyrus, the anterior cingulate and the superior parietal lobe. On the performance level, tDCS stimulation (vs. sham) was linked to an improved inhibition performance in terms of an increased percentage of correct responses in the Stroop task. Present results indicate that tDCS in patients with OCD goes along with an improved inhibition performance as well as activation increases in regions known to be involved in inhibition, motor, and cognitive control. Thus, our findings suggest that tDCS might be a promising method to improve specific impairments in OCD.
Identification of novel genetic variants associated with feline cardiomyopathy using targeted next-generation sequencing
Authors: Raffle Jade , Matos Jose Novo , Piercy Richard J , Elliott Perry , Connolly David J , Fuentes Virginia Luis , Psifidi Androniki
Published: March 2024

Cardiomyopathies are the most common heritable heart diseases in cats and humans. This study aimed to identify novel genetic variants in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) using a targeted panel of genes associated with human cardiomyopathy. Cats were phenotyped for HCM/RCM by echocardiography or port-mortem examination. DNA was extracted from residual blood, and targeted next-generation sequencing was performed on two separate feline cohorts: an across-breed cohort (23 healthy cats and 21 HCM-affected pedigree or Domestic Shorthair cats), and a within-breed cohort of Birman pedigree cats (14-healthy, 8 HCM-affected, and 6 RCM-affected). Genome analysis toolkit for best practice was used for variant discovery. Genomic association analyses (including the covariates breed, age and sex) were conducted to identify genetic variants of interest. We identified genetic variants associated with HCM and RCM susceptibility in candidate genes based on the human literature. Novel variants of interest were identified in the sarcomeric genes ACTC1, ACTN2, MYH7, TNNT2 and the non-sarcomeric gene CSRP3. The Birman pedigree breed demonstrated shared genetic variants across the HCM and RCM phenotypes, suggesting that the same variants could be associated with both HCM and RCM phenotypes, as proposed in humans.
Applying a deterrence nudge strategy for promoting stair usage in a university setting
Authors: Lee Chung Gun , Chu Jiyeon , Mao Ruoqi , Kim Hansol , Lee Eun-Young , Park Seiyeong , Kim Taeeung
Published: March 2024

Purpose
This study aimed to examine whether indirectly deterring elevator use through time-targeted Point-of-Decision Prompts (PODPs) efficiently increased stair usage in a university setting.
Methods
A quasi-experimental design was employed over 2 weeks in September 2023. Baseline observations were conducted for 1 week prior to signage placement at two locations. The intervention in this study lasted for 1 week, immediately following baseline observations. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the increase in the act of ascending the stairs.
Results
Our intervention, which focused on time-related messages, effectively increased stair usage among university students. Furthermore, women and individuals aged ≥ 30 years were notably more likely to be influenced by our intervention than men and individuals aged < 30 years.
Conclusion
Indirectly discouraging elevator use through time-targeted PODPs may amplify the effects of the previously employed time-related messages. Our findings suggested that a deterrence nudge should primarily be directed towards promoting stair usage among women or individuals aged ≥ 30 years.
Epidemiology and Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococci on Commercial Pig Farms in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Remous Ocloo , Mae Newton-Foot , Chabuka Lucious , Wilma Ziebuhr , Christopher Whitelaw Andrew
Published: March 2024

Nasal swabs were collected from 143 apparently healthy pigs and 21 pig farm workers, and 45 environmental swabs of feed and water troughs, from two commercial pig farms in the Western Cape, South Africa. Staphylococci were isolated, identified using mass-spectrometry, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing and Illumina whole genome sequencing were performed.
One hundred and eighty-five (185) Staphylococcus spp. isolates were obtained, with Mammalicoccus sciuri (n = 57; .31%) being the most common, followed by S. hyicus (n = 40; 22%) and S. aureus (n = 29; 16%). S. epidermidis was predominantly seen in the farm workers (n=18; 86%). Tetracycline resistance was observed across all species, with rates ranging from 67% to 100%.
Majority of M. sciuri isolates (n = 40; 70%) were methicillin resistant, with 78% (n = 31) harbouring mecA. M. sciuri isolates had genes/elements which were associated with SCCmec_type_III (3A) & SCCmec_type_VIII(4A) and were mostly observed in ST61 strains. ST239 strains were associated with SCCmec_type_III(3A).
High rates of tetracycline resistance were identified among staphylococci in the pig farms in Western Cape, South Africa. This highlights the need for policy makers to regulate the use of this antibiotic in pig farming.
Low-Dose Radiation Improves the Tumor Immune Microenvironment through IFN Production: An In Vivo Study Using Murine Lung Cancer Model
Authors: Dong Jigang , Li Baosheng
Published: March 2024

Background
Exposure to radiation prompts apoptosis within cancer cells, initiating 'consume me' signals including phosphatidylserine and calreticulin. This activation of dendritic cells paves the way for immune responses mediated by T and NKT cells, as well as the engulfment of cells by macrophages.
Objectives
In our study, we focused on the effects of low-dose radiation on interferon (IFN) production，thereby enhancing immunogenic cell death in tumor cells.
Methods
In a study utilizing a murine lung cancer model, Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells were administered to C57BL/6 mice. Following tumor development, these mice were segregated into cohorts. One cohort received a regimen of low-dose radiation therapy, while another was treated with CTLA-4 antibody injections.
Results
We found that low-dose radiation of 0.1 Gy promoted the production of IFN, and the contents of CXCL9, CXCL10 , CXCL11 in the tumor tissues were likewise significantly elevated after low-dose irradiation, which promoted the infiltration of CD8T cells in the tumor tissues, and ultimately inhibited the growth of the tumors in mice.
Conclusion
Low-dose radiation enhances immunogenic cell death in tumor cells by stimulating IFN production. These findings highlight the potential therapeutic significance of LDR in remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment, which warrants further exploration of its clinical applications in cancer therapy.
Analysis of the Integrated Role of the Yangtze River Delta based on the Industrial Resilience of Cities during COVID-19
Authors: Jia Cai , Cao Zini , Hu Jinkang , Wang Xudong , Zhao Long , Zhi Junjun , Liu Wangbing , Zhang Gaohua , Ding Shilong , Li Yan , Lin Luzhou
Published: March 2024

The enhancement of regional comprehensive development ability is significantly impacted by the study on the implementation effect of regional integration strategies. The integration strategy's impact on urban development during COVID-19 in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD) is unclear. According to prior industrial transfer theory, Hefei, Anhui's capital, is difficult to transfer industries, and other YRD cities push industry integration in Anhui. This study employs the theory of economic and land resource use to examine the resilience of the industrial economy during an epidemic by using industrial land as a representation of industrial economic development. The three cities in Anhui—Wuhu, Maanshan, and Chuzhou (Wu-ma-Chu) were selected as the research area. The study employed the UNet deep learning method to detect the land use types in Wu-ma-Chu. The land transfer matrix and the standard deviation ellipse were utilised to research the alterations in industrial land use and the spatial distribution of industrial output value, respectively. The results showed that the industrial land in Machu continued to grow during the outbreak, highlighting the resilience of the region's industrial economy. During 2019–2022, the elliptical ring of industrial output value is distributed in Nanjing, revealing the radiating role of Nanjing in integrating into the integration of the YRD. This confirms China's YRD integration strategy, strengthens regional economic resilience, and encourages coordinated regional economic development.
An Exploratory Examination of Medical and Nursing Students’ Intentions to Discuss Body Image, Weight, and Eating Disorders with their Patients
Authors: Markey Charlotte , August Kristin , Rosenbaum Diane , Gillen Meghan , malik Dua , Pillarisetty Simran
Published: March 2024

Background: Although many people have concerns about their body image, weight, and eating behaviors these issues are not usually discussed in a productive manner with medical providers. Thus, we examined nursing and medical students’ willingness to discuss patients’ weight, body image, and eating disorders and reasons why they may do so.
Method: One hundred and eighty-three nursing and medical students (Mage=25.06, SD=5.43) participated in this study. Participants completed open-ended questions pertaining to their willingness to discuss body image, eating, and weight-related issues with future patients. We further queried students’ perspective on body mass index (BMI) as a measure of weight status and sought to determine if participants’ own weight, weight concerns, appearance evaluation, body appreciation, and experiences of stigma were associated with their willingness to discuss weight-related issues with prospective patients.
Results: Coding of qualitative data indicated that nursing and medical students were “sometimes” willing to discuss prospective patients’ weight, body image, and eating disorders, especially if a health concern was evident. Nursing students seemed somewhat more willing to discuss weight issues than medical students and willingness to discuss one of these issues (e.g., body image) was positively associated with willingness discuss the others. Plans for future discussions of body image and weight were marginally associated with personal experiences of weight stigma. The majority of participants indicated that BMI was not a valid measure of health.
Conclusions: Taken together, findings suggest that future providers’ conversations with patients about these sensitive topics are less associated with their own experiences and more with the relevance of these topics to specific patients.
Analysis of Health Seeking Behavior among the Elderly (≥60 Years) in Bwengu, Mzimba North, Malawi
Authors: Zgambo Donalia , Mwanza Brave , Soko Margret , Mbakaya Balwani Chingatichifwe
Published: March 2024

Background Health seeking behaviour is one of the major determinants of health of all people including the elderly as it helps to sustain individuals’ wellbeing. However, very few studies have examined the status of health seeking behaviour of the elderly population. This study aimed at analysing health seeking behaviour of the elderly aged 60 years and above.
Methods The study design was analytical descriptive cross sectional utilizing the quantitative approach. Using Taro Yamane formula, and an addition of 10% for nonresponse rate, data was collected from a total sample of 287 participants. A non-probability technique of snowball sampling was used to identify the study participants. The collected data was analysed using statistical package, STATA version 17.
Results The study results have shown that majority (64%) of the elderly population utilize formal healthcare with 62% having comprehensive health seeking behaviour. Marital status (p=0.003), occupation (p=0.005), place of seeking healthcare services (p=0.001), cost of healthcare services (p=0.025), and satisfaction of the healthcare accessed (p=0.021) were significantly associated with health seeking behaviour among the elderly. Married individuals (COR=3.091, 95% CI: 1.499 - 6.373, p=0.002) and those who were accessing free healthcare (COR=1.896, 95% CI: 1.080 - 3.327, p=0.026) were more likely to seek for health services when they got sick. Individuals who sought care from herbalists/traditional healers (COR=0.403, 95% CI: 0.186 - 0.872, p=0.021), and from other sources like shops and pharmacies (COR=0.403, 95% CI: 0.227-0.691, p=0.001), individuals who were retired/working under non-governmental institutions (COR=0.409, 95% CI: 0.201 - 0.833, p=0.014) and individuals who were not satisfied with the services they accessed (COR=0.513, 95% CI: 0.287 - 0.916, p=0.024) were less likely to seek for healthcare when they got sick.
ConclusionWe found that individuals who are married and those with access to free healthcare were more likely to seek for health services. Advancement of policies for the elderly people, such as strengthening of mobile clinics would ensure that the elderly access health care services.
Skin cancer classification based on an optimized convolutional neural network and multicriteria decision-making
Authors: Saleh Neven , Hassan Mohammed A , Salaheldin Ahmed M
Published: March 2024

Skin cancer can be treated if it is detected early. Many artificial intelligence-based models have been developed for skin cancer detection and classification. Considering the development of multiple models according to various scenarios and selecting the optimum model, these models were rarely considered in previous works. This study aimed to develop multiple models for skin cancer classification and select the optimum model. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in the form of AlexNet, Inception V3, MobileNet V2, and ResNet 50 were used for feature extraction. Feature reduction was carried out using two algorithms of the gray wolf optimizer (GWO) in addition to using the original features. Skin cancer images were classified into four classes based on six machine learning (ML) classifiers. As a result, 51 models were developed with different combinations of CNN algorithms, without GWO algorithms, with two GWO algorithms, and with six ML classifiers. To select the optimum model with the best results, the multicriteria decision-making approach was utilized in the recent form of ranking the alternatives by perimeter similarity (RAPS). Model training and testing were conducted using the International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC) 2017 dataset. Based on nine evaluation metrics and according to the RAPS method, the AlexNet algorithm with GWO yielded the optimum model, achieving a classification accuracy of 94.5%. This work presents the first study on benchmarking skin cancer classification with a large number of models. Feature reduction not only reduces the time spent on training but also improves classification accuracy. The RAPS method has proven its robustness in the problem of selecting the best model for skin cancer classification.
Restoration effect of chemically modified microRNA-143-3p on acute myocardial infarction in animal models
Authors: Minatoguchi Shingo , Sugito Nobuhiko , Heishima Kazuki , Ito Yuko , Nakashima Remi , Okura Hiroyuki , Akao Yukihiro , Minatoguchi Shinya
Published: March 2024

We investigated whether miR143#12, a synthesized chemically modified miR-143-3p derivative, exerts therapeutic effects on acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Sprague-Dawley rats and Japanese white rabbits underwent 30 min of coronary occlusion followed by 2 weeks of reperfusion. The rat AMI model was intravenously administered with control miRNA (9 µg/kg), 3 µg/kg or 9 µg/kg of miR143#12 1 hour after reperfusion, while the rabbit AMI model was intravenously administered with control miRNA (9 µg/kg) or 9 µg/kg of miR143#12. In the rat and rabbit AMI models, 9 µg/kg of miR143#12 significantly reduced infarct sizes and significantly improved cardiac function including LVEF and LVFS at 2 weeks. The tissue miR143 levels in infarct areas significantly decreased after AMI in both models. Electron microscopic study and immunohistochemistry suggested that miR143#12 suppressed autophagic cell death caused by AMI and induced neoangiogenesis in the infarct border. In cultured rat H9c2 cells, miR143#12 significantly inhibited H2O2-induced autophagic cell death by decreasing ROS levels and increased viable cell numbers more than the control by silencing COX-1, -2, and ATG7. Replacement treatment with miR143#12 in the infarct areas, where the expression levels of miR143 were significantly decreased, has a beneficial effect on AMI by silencing COX-1 and − 2.
Micro-elimination strategy for viral hepatitis C in western China: a hospital‑based experience
Authors: Hao Shuai , Zhang Fengna , Kong Fanjiao , Wang Ziyi , He Na
Published: March 2024

Objective: This study was aimed to explore a feasible, sustainable, and efficient in-hospital model of Hepatitis C micro-elimination strategy.
Methods: The strategy divided into three steps. First, the hospital inpatient database was used to retrieve 3 categories of patients at high risk for HCV infection from the October 2017-September 2020, then collected patients’ clinical data for characteristics analysis and telephone callbacks. Secondly, disease education tours in non-specialty departments led by liver specialists were conducted based on the results of the analysis of high HCV infection rate. Finally, evaluated the impact for this micro-elimination strategy at the routinely followed up periods from October 2020-May 2022.
Results: After the micro-elimination strategy conducted, the rate of HCV screening and diagnosis were significantly increased, while the lost follow-up rate were markedly decreased compared with the previous three years (all P <0.001). The results showed that patients, who were males, aged above 40, attended to gastroenterology, respiratory and critical care medicine, and neurology departments, has higher rate of HCV infection. Notably, disease education tours significantly improved the non-specialist healthcare workers’ knowledge about HCV infection, policy awareness and preventive methods (all P <0.001). In addition, 86.78% of high-risk patients demonstrated a strong willingness to accept further testing and start DAAs treatment after receiving follow-up and health education.
Conclusion: The elimination strategy of conducting non-specialist departmental Hepatitis C seminars and education in hospitals and recalling Hepatitis C patients from high-risk groups via phone calls and text messages has the advantages of simplicity, cost-effectiveness and efficiency, and plays an important role in increasing Hepatitis C screening and diagnosis rates, as well as reducing the rate of loss of high-risk patients to hospital.
Loganin ameliorates acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury via targeting TOP1MT-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis and ferroptosis
Authors: Niu Dou , Yang Yue , Yu Xiaobo , Hui Teng , Wang Meng , Wang Jigang , Xue Xiaochang , Kang Jiefang
Published: March 2024

Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose can cause severe liver injury, and new drugs are urgent needed for effective treatment. Small molecules in Chinese medicine have long been a treasured reservoir for drugs screening. Here, we reported that loganin (LOG), an active ingredient in Corni Fructus, exerts hepatoprotective effects as indicated by potently alleviated liver damages in APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) murine model. LOG reversed the decreased SOD, GSH and CAT levels, and reduced lipid peroxidation, ROS production, and iron overload and hence reduced apoptosis/ferroptosis of hepatocytes of AILI models, as apoptosis/ferroptosis inducers abolished, whereas their inhibitors enhanced the effect of LOG. Through the activity-based proteome profiling (ABPP) clickable alkyne-tagged LOG probe, mitochondrial topoisomerase I (TOP1MT) was captured as a direct target of LOG, which was further validated by CETSA and ITC assays. Deficiency of TOP1MT significantly compromised the effects of LOG on H2O2-induced oxidative stress cell model via regulating downstream apoptosis/ferroptosis regulators Bax, Bcl-2, NRF2, GSH, SLC7A11, and GPX4. Consistently, LOG effect was greatly eliminated in AILI mice once the endogenous hepatic TOP1MT was knocked-down by AAV-TOP1MT shRNA. Thus, TOP1MT might be a potential target for AILI treatment and LOG represents one of the most promising candidate drugs or lead compounds.
Examining the Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Proactive Coping Scale in Nursing Students: A Methodological Study
Authors: ARICA Esra OZBUDAK
Published: March 2024

Aim: The aim of this study was to use the “PROACTIVE Coping Scale” to adapt the scale to Turkish culture, to determine its validity and reliability in a sample of undergraduate nursing students, and to evaluate the proactive coping levels of nursing students.
Background: Proactive coping skills are very important for nursing students to cope effectively with various stressors that they may encounter both in their academic lives and in their future professional lives. There are no valid and reliable instruments for measuring the proactive coping levels of nursing students in Turkey.
Methods: The present study is a descriptive and methodological study. Research data were collected between 01.12.2023 and 01.01.2024 via face-to-face interviews. The study was completed by 272 nursing students who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study.
Results: The scale structure was confirmed with 19 items and 4 factors. The Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient of the PROACTIVE Coping Scale was found to be 0.816. The scale explains 67.17% of the total variance, and item correlation values vary between 0.263 and 0.650.
Conclusions: The study showed that the PROACTIVE Coping Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating the proactive coping levels of nursing students.
Installation of HbG-Makassar by base editing restores hemoglobin function: a transformative therapy for sickle cell disease
Authors: Sheehan Vivien , Kostamo Zachary , Ortega Manuel , Xu Chavonna , Feliciano Patricia , Lam Daisy , Budak Elizabeth , Winton Valerie , Jenkins Rebecca , Menon Archita , Goldsborough Kennedy , Hernandez Britney , Kanne Celeste , Evans Erica , Zgodny Jordan , Zhang Yankai , Darazim Jawa , Patel Ashwin , Pendergast Michael , Hartigan Adam , Ciaramella Giuseppe , Chu S. Haihua , Lee Seung-Joo
Published: March 2024

Adenine base editing offers a viable gene-based therapy for sickle cell disease (SCD), converting sickle hemoglobin (HbS, βΕ6V) to G-Makassar hemoglobin (HbG, βE6A), a naturally occurring, non-pathogenic variant. However, HbG functionality alone and with HbS has been largely uncharacterized. We present a mouse model used to characterize purified HbG-Makassar as well as HbGG and HbGS red blood cell function. Purified HbG-Makassar behaves as a functional hemoglobin, including no polymerization under hypoxia. Structural characterization of oxy and deoxy states of HbG-Makassar showed no change in the topology of the hemoglobin fold with the βΕ6Α mutation. Red blood cell function assays, sickling propensity under hypoxia, blood counts, and mitochondrial retention measures place HbGS RBCs as intermediate in severity between HbAS and HbSS, organ function was comparable to HbAS. HbGG resembled HbAA for most metrics. Taken together our results suggest direct correction of HbS to HbG-Makassar could provide a transformative therapy for SCD.
Ensuring nutrient-enriched wheat varities for trace elements through screening under different agro- ecological conditions for food security.
Authors: Mangan BAKHT NISA , Lashari Muhammad saddique , KALERI ASIF ALI , Baloch Nazia
Published: March 2024

In Asia, Pakistan’s children are more stunted and suffered from malnutrition as compared to other underdeveloped counties. Focusing the importance of wheat and malnutrition issue in Pakistan, a Field and Lab study was undertaken on 60 wheat varieties during 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 to investigate the variability and availability for trace elements such as Zn, Fe, Se, Mn, Cu under three agro-ecological locations. All three locations come under different agro-ecological conditions due to their weather, soil and morphological conditions. According to the result the tested sixty wheat varieties were ranged higher from 30.33mg kg− 1 to 51.96 mg kg− 1grain Fe, from 16.03 to 54.93 mg kg− 1grain Zn, 19.95–45.97 mg kg− 1 grain Mn, 3.16–8.98 mg kg− 1 grain Cu and 46.0-307.42µg kg− 1grains Se concentration at Hyderabad and Mirpurkhas location during both studies years as compared to Thatta location. According to the findings, out of 60 analyzed varieties, 06 showed capability to accumulate maximum concentration of for elements and among all six-supper varieties, variety IV-03 showed superiority over all by producing maximum trace element content not only at Hyderabad and Mirpurkhas but also at Thatta. By adopting such type of varieties in daily diet, Pakistan can overcome health and growth issues.
A Hollow-Tube-Like Hydrospongel for Magnetothermal-Chemo-Chemodynamic Therapies in Advanced Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Wang Zhenning , Wu Tao , Li Tenghui , Zhang Chengzhi , Tian Yu , Li Hao , He Yuxin , Yan Xu , Zhao Junhua , Gong Tianxing
Published: March 2024

In advanced-stage colorectal cancer (CRC) treatments, preserving anal function presents significant challenges. This study introduces a novel hollow-tube-like hydrospongel (HTHSG), offering a groundbreaking approach to neoadjuvant therapy. Constructed from cellulose nanofibers crosslinked with Fe3O4@PDA nanoparticles, the HTHSG combines the rapid swelling characteristics of sponges (~ 10 seconds) with the robust fracture strength of hydrogels (> 250 kPa). Its unique design ensures stability and location retention during simulated bowel movements, facilitating precise, localized delivery of the chemotherapeutic agent 5-FU directly to the tumor site. Beyond conventional chemotherapy, the HTHSG leverages electromagnetic induction for targeted thermal ablation and chemodynamic therapy, significantly minimizing the collateral damage to healthy tissues typically associated with Fe-mediated Fenton reactions. Comparative analyses using cell-derived and patient-derived xenograft models highlight the HTHSG's superior efficacy in tumor reduction based on traditional neoadjuvant therapies. These findings suggest the HTHSG's potential to redefine standard pre-surgical treatment regimens for advanced-stage CRC patients, marking a significant advancement over existing chemotherapy approaches.
Comparison of Risk Allele Frequencies for Colorectal Cancer-Associated Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Among Different Ethnic Groups Running title: CRC Risk Allele Frequency Across Populations
Authors: Park Suyoung , Lee Kyung-Ju , Shin Hyun-Tae , Ha Hyerim
Published: March 2024

Background
Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related fatalities. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified genetic loci implicated in colorectal cancer susceptibility. This study aimed to uncover genetic factors influencing colorectal cancer rates among different populations, particularly in East Asia where prevalence is increasing.
Methods
A total of 423 colorectal cancer-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the GWAS catalog were examined. Allele frequencies of these SNPs were analyzed across various populations. Data on allele frequencies at the population level were sourced from the 1000 Genomes Project and the Korean Reference Genome Database. We used Fisher's exact test to determine if the effect allele at a specific SNP was significantly overrepresented or underrepresented.
Results
Allele frequencies varied across populations. East Asians and Koreans showed similar patterns, distinct from Europeans. They also displayed higher genetic risk scores, correlating with colorectal cancer incidence.
Conclusions
Disparities in allele frequencies of colorectal cancer -associated SNPs were identified across populations, particularly between Koreans and other ethnic groups. These distinctions may help elucidate the heightened colorectal cancer prevalence, primarily among Koreans and East Asians. Our study underscores that genetic dissimilarities can, in part, account for the variance in colorectal cancer occurrence among diverse population subgroups.
The mediating roles of loneliness at work and burnout in the relationship between career adaptability, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction among teachers
Authors: Kara Ahmet , Kayışdağ Erman , Bek Hafız
Published: March 2024

This research examines the mediating roles of loneliness at work and burnout in the relationship between career adaptability, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction among teachers. The analysis was conducted with 256 teachers. Data were collected with the Organızatıonal Commıtment Scale, Career Adaptabilities Scale, Loneliness at Work Scale, Burnout Measure, and Job Satisfaction Scale. Data were analyzed with a two-stage structural equation modeling technique. According to the research findings, it has been proven that the mediatory effects of loneliness at work and burnout are significant in the relationship between organizational commitment and job satisfaction.
Klebsiella Pneumoniae-Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles Impair Endothelial Function by inhibiting SIRT1
Authors: Li Xinxin , Cui Jinghua , Ding Zanbo , Tian Ziyan , Liu Yang , Zhao Wen , Chen Xueying , Li Xinwei , Yuan Jing , Zhang Huina
Published: March 2024

Background
The potential role of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.pn) in hypertension development has been emphasized, although the specific mechanisms have not been well understood. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) released by gram-negative bacteria modulate host cell functions through delivery of bacterial moleculars to host cells. Endothelial dysfunction is an important early event in the pathogenesis of hypertension, yet the impact of K.pn-secreted OMVs (K.pn OMVs) on endothelial function remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of K.pn OMVs on endothelial function and uncover the underlying mechanisms.
Methods
K.pn OMVs were purified from the bacterial culture medium using ultracentrifugation and characterized by transmission electron microscopy nanoparticle tracking analysis, and OMV marker expression. Endothelium-dependent relaxation was measure using wire myograph following in vivo or ex vivo treatment with K.pn OMVs. The superoxide anion production was measured by confocal microscopy and HUVECs senescence was assessed according to SA-β-gal activity. SIRT1 ovexpression or activator was utilized to investigate the underlying mechanisms.
Results
Our data showed that K.pn markedly impaired acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation, and elevated superoxide anion production in endothelial cells in vivo. Similarly, in vivo and ex vivo studies showed that K.pn OMVs caused significant endothelial dysfunction, provoked endothelial and enhanced blood pressure. Further examination revealed that K.pn OMVs reduced the levels of SIRT1 and p-eNOS, along with an increase in the levels of NOX2, COX-2, ET-1 and p53 in endothelial cells. Notably, overexpression or activation of SIRT1 attenuated the adverse effects and protein changes caused by K.pn OMVs on endothelial cells
Conclusion
This study reveals a novel role of K.pn OMVs in endothelial dysfunction and dissects the relevant mechanism involved in this process, which will help to establish a comprehensive understanding of K.pn OMVs in endothelial dysfunction and hypertension from a new scope.
Factors associated with full COVID-19 vaccination among persons living with diabetes mellitus in Uganda – A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Senoga Umar , Guwatudde David , Isunju John Bosco , Ojiambo Kevin Ouma
Published: March 2024

Background:Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outcomes, including death. COVID-19 vaccination is the mainstay for preventing infection and severe disease in the general population, but most importantly, among high-risk populations such as persons with DM. However, while COVID-19 vaccination uptake in the general population is regularly tracked, information on vaccination behavior specific to persons with DM is scarce.This study sought to identify factors associated with the uptake of full COVID-19 vaccination among persons living with DM at Kiruddu National Referral Hospital (KRH).Methods:We used a cross-sectional study design to identify factors associated with receiving a full COVID-19 vaccination among persons with DM attending Kiruddu National Referral Hospital between March 08 and May 25, 2023. We used a systematic sampling technique to select a random sample of 340 participants for whom an interviewer-administered questionnaire was administered. We used a modified Poisson regression model to identify the factors associated with full COVID-19 vaccination and adjusted prevalence ratios with their 95% confidence intervals are presented. The data were analyzed in STATA version 14.0.Results:A total of 340 participants, 75% (255/340) of whom were female, completed the interview. The mean age of the participants was 52 years (±12 years) and the median duration of diabetes mellitus was 5 years (±7.3 years). Overall, 195/340 participants (57.35%) completed the last dose in the primary series of a COVID-19 vaccine. The likelihood of receiving full vaccination was higher when a health provider advised one to receive a vaccine [aPR=1.91 (95% CI 1.2-3.02)] when one reported having a comorbidity [aPR=1.26 (95% CI: 1.06-1.53)], and when one had a strong perceived benefit of vaccination [aPR=1.76 (95% CI: 1.23-2.53)]. However, having a strong perceived barrier to vaccination was negatively associated with the likelihood of being fully vaccinated [aPR=0.71 (95% CI: 0.6-0.84)].Conclusion:Approximately 43% of persons living with DM in Uganda have incomplete COVID-19 vaccination. The Ugandan Ministry of Health (MoH) needs to implement a provider-initiated vaccination strategy in diabetic clinics using the healthcare providers who regularly attend to DM patients to boost their uptake of full COVID-19 vaccination.
Research on the large-format splicing method for stamping-type digital light processing 3D printing
Authors: Liu Lei , Li Jian , Zhao Wen , Guo Yanling , Wang Yangwei , Jiang Zaixing , Dong Jidong
Published: March 2024

In response to the strong demand for the development of large-format digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing technology, the use of multiple ultraviolet (UV) fixed splicing poses challenges such as high costs and limitations in print size. Therefore, this paper proposes a stamping-type DLP surface splicing 3D printing method, namely, achieving the large-format DLP 3D printing effect through the intermittent movement of a single UV machine along two axial directions. To address the splicing issues inherent in the stamping-type DLP 3D printing surface printing method, we have divided the splicing areas and deduced the principles governing energy distribution at the seams of adjacent printed areas. By introducing a normal distribution process and combining it with the projection function and energy distribution principles, a method for the gradient energy distribution of overlapping splicing zones is proposed. The effectiveness of this method is experimentally validated, demonstrating that the minimum size error of printed pieces is -0.0591, the minimum error in surface roughness at splicing and non-splicing areas is 0.13%, the tensile strength is comparable to that of integral curing, and the overall hardness distribution is relatively uniform.
Inpatient preference among patients with multiple chronic conditions in China: a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Wang Yueqin , Chen Yuehua , Xiao Ling , Su Qingling , Huang Xiaoyin , Wang Weikang , Li Wanxin , Du Shanshan , Liu Wenbin , Ye Weimin
Published: March 2024

Background
Multiple chronic conditions (MCC) have become a leading cause of hypovitalism and death among the population. Although the role of chronic disease management has been strengthened for primary health institutions, patients still have a preference for a higher level of inpatient service, leading to a considerable hindrance in the efficient utilization of healthcare resources. Thus, this study aimed to identify factors that affected MCC patients' inpatient preference and the extent to which these factors impact their decisions, guiding for inpatient service utilization among MCC patients.
Methods
Five attributes (institutional scale, waiting time for hospital admission, with or without acquaintances, time from residence to hospital, out-of-pocket expenses per time) were identified to estimate inpatient choice for MCC patients through a discrete choice experiment. Partial factor analysis was performed to generate selection sets. Data were collected from MCC patients between 35 and 75 years old, in Fuqing, Fujian Province. A mixed logit model was performed to analyze MCC patients' preferences for each attribute. Willingness to pay was estimated by regression coefficients, and subgroup analysis was conducted based on the patient’s demographic characteristics and overall perceived disease severity.
Results
Totally 504 valid questionnaires were included in the analysis. MCC patients preferred to have a shorter time from their residence to the hospital (β = 0.7602, p < 0.001), large provincial and municipal tertiary hospitals (β = 0.2635, p < 0.001), and have beds available on the day (β = 0.1962, p = 0.0028). Out-of-pocket expenses per time (β=-0.0006, p < 0.001) are a negative predictor of patients' inpatient preference. Additionally, Patients were willing to pay ¥1253, ¥434, and ¥323 for higher institutional scale, shorter waiting time, and shorter time from residence-to-hospital, respectively. The findings of subgroup analysis indicated that some demographic characteristics (age, gender, education and total household income) and overall perceived disease severity also influence MCC patients' inpatient preferences.
Conclusion
This study provides evidence on the inpatient preferences among MCC patients. To better meet patients’ needs, it is recommended to improve the geographical accessibility of medical and health services, strengthen the service capacity of medical personnel in county and community-level medical institutions, streamline the inpatient diagnosis and treatment process, and so on.
Private provider practices and incentives for hypertension management in rural and peri-urban Telangana, India– a qualitative study.
Authors: Gupte Samriddhi S , Sachdeva Ashish , Kabra Aman , Singh Bhanu Pratap , Krishna Ashish , Pathni Anupam Khungar , Sharma Bhawna , Moran Andrew , Mamindla Amarendar Reddy , Kannuri Nanda Kishore , Deo Sarang
Published: March 2024

Hypertension poses a critical threat to health in India, being the predominant risk factor for mortality and disability. With over 70% of outpatient care being provided by the private sector, our study investigated the practices and incentives of private health providers in screening, diagnosing, treating, monitoring, and counseling hypertension patients in rural and peri-urban India. Conducted from April 2020 to February 2021, the qualitative study involved 46 participants, including various healthcare professionals and patients in three Telangana state districts. Analysis revealed a lack of recognition of hypertension's gravity among private providers in these areas, leading to inconsistent screening practices and varied diagnostic thresholds, particularly among rural medical practitioners. Both formal and informal providers lacked standardized protocols and follow-up mechanisms, with limited technical knowledge about hypertension observed, especially among rural practitioners who were often the first point of contact. Drug effectiveness, and incentives from pharmaceutical sales representatives influenced prescribing practices. Diagnostic labs also offered financial incentives for patient referrals. Thus, aligning providers' objectives with patient preferences and public health goals is crucial. To encourage evidence-based hypertension care, the government and NGOs could implement strategies such as tailored incentives, financial rewards, tax benefits, accreditation, and recognition for private healthcare providers. Professional bodies in the private sector should establish programs emphasizing quality assurance and certifications. Future research should focus on designing and testing new models for private sector hypertension service delivery, coupled with targeted interventions to enhance care in rural and peri-urban settings.