bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflexão sobre a Formação em Duas Línguas Estrangeiras (Inglês e Uma Outra Língua) pelas Universidades Chinesas e Proposta da Disciplina de Tradução Inglês – Português para os Licenciandos em Português
Authors: Hu Zhihua , Teresa Roberto Maria
Published: January 2020

The training of two foreign languages (usually English and another foreign language) by the Chinese universities can date back to the 1980s (Sun, 2015:91). Nevertheless, there are still some parts which need to be improved, such as the lack of adequate materials, and the insufficiency of disciplines linking knowledge of two foreign languages, for example, the disciplines on comparison, contrast and possible translation between the two foreign languages. Without such disciplines, students can only study the two languages separately, which not only increases the student's task, but also is not conducive to activating the positive transfer (Wang, 2012; Li, 2012) of English knowledge in learning a second foreign language. In addition to presenting and discussing the training of two foreign languages by the Chinese institutions, in this work, we also want to propose an English - Portuguese translation discipline for Chinese bachelor students of Portuguese. In support of this, our considerations are based on the discussion of training of two foreign languages.
Audio description and the translation of film language into words
Authors: Bardini Floriane
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we approach audio description (AD) from a Translation Studies point of view. The two first parts are of theoretical interest: AD is defined as a part of the audiovisual text and as a form of intersemiotic translation. Once this is set up, we concentrate on the concept of translation techniques (Molina and Hurtado, 2002) and adapt them to audio description to provide scholars and students with a functional classification of AD techniques (ADT), which can be used for descriptive studies of audio descriptions as well as in training, and is based on a functional classification of translation techniques. The paper ends with detailed examples from a comparative study of several audio descriptions of the film Slumdog Millionaire (2008) using ADTs to illustrate the benefits of the established taxonomy.
Compreensibilidade e percepções de brasileiros sobre o estudo da pronúncia do inglês
Authors: Bettoni Melissa , Rizzi Priscilla
Published: January 2020

The present study aimed at investigating students’ perceptions about the study of pronunciation and the comprehensibility of their speech. Twenty-four English-speaking Brazilians at the advanced level or higher had audio recordings of their sentences judged by four English speakers from different nationalities representing the three circles in Kachru’s World Englishes Model (1985). Comprehensibility, accentedness, number of mispronunciations at the segmental level (such as palatalization, voicing, devoicing, epenthesis), native language of the judge, and perceptions about the study of pronunciation were tabulated and compared quantitatively and qualitatively. Results indicated positive correlations among better compreensibility, less accentedness and fewer mispronunciations at the segmental level; and, between comprehensibility and the desire for specific knowledge regarding pronunciation.
Interação entre diferenças individuaise efeitos de instrução explícita sobre entoação em espanhol/L2
Authors: Rodrigues Rhanya Rafaella , Preuss Elena Ortiz
Published: January 2020

Researchers have debated the need to consider the effects of interaction between pedagogical conditions and individual differences (IDs) on the process of second language acquisition (SLA) (AUTHOR; SANZ, 2016; SANZ; SERAFINI, 2018). Therefore, this study was developed to analyze the interaction between pedagogical conditions and IDs in the acquisition of declarative and interrogative utterances in Spanish / L2. For data analysis, three instruments were used: i) a questionnaire of historical and linguistic proficiency; ii) an attention control test; iii) sentence production and perception/comprehension tests of comprehension and production of sentences. In total, the study had 10 participants. The results showed that age and skills domain are variables that seem to have influenced the performance of participants.
Enhancing strategic planning through strategy instruction: the effect of two types of strategy instruction on learners’ oral planned performance
Authors: Specht André Luís , D'Ely Raquel Carolina Souza Ferraz
Published: January 2020

This study aimed at investigating the impact of two types of strategy instruction on Brazilian learners’ planned speech performance at the level of complexity, accuracy, fluency, and adequacy. In order to do so, three groups participated in the present study: (1) the integrated group received strategy instruction during their regular English classes; (2) the isolated group received strategy instruction in a separate course; and (3) the control group received no strategy instruction. The groups also performed two narrative tasks before and after treatment, preceded by 10 minutes of strategic planning. Learners’ oral performance was analyzed and the statistical results showed that (i) the groups that received treatment outperformed the control group; and (ii) the isolated group produced more adequate and accurate speech, while the integrated groups improved their performance in terms of adequacy solely. In conclusion, one can claim that, in spite of the type of treatment, strategic planning can be enhanced by strategy instruction, shedding light on both Language Pedagogy and strategic planning research.
Lexical-semantic integration by good and poor reading comprehenders
Authors: Bender de Sousa Lucilene , Hübner Lilian Cristine , Ferreira da Silva Roselaine Berenice
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we investigate the level of vocabulary knowledge and the lexical-integration ability of good and poor comprehenders at the 8th grade of Elementary School. The participants were assessed in the following tasks: reading comprehension, listening comprehension, decoding, vocabulary, lexical-semantic integration and incongruence detection. The performance comparison revealed that good comprehenders performed significantly better than poor comprehenders in the measures of vocabulary and integration. The difference in the accuracy of the integration tasks remained significant after controlling for word knowledge. The results suggest that good and poor comprehenders differentiate not only in lexical semantic knowledge but also in lexical-semantic processing.
Mecanismos para o desenvolvimento do letramento crítico (visual) no livro didático de inglês
Authors: Kummer Daiane Aline , Hendges Graciela Rabuske
Published: January 2020

In this study we explore the concept of critical (visual) literacy through the analysis of an English as an additional language textbook approved by the Brazilian National Textbook Program (Programa Nacional do Livro Didático). Based on an analytical framework that combines systemic functional grammar (HALLIDAY, 1994; HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2014), critical discourse analysis (FAIRCLOUGH, 1992b, 2003) and the notion of types of reasoning and of practices (ROJO, 2004; 2009; TRIVISIOL, 2017), we analyzed 132 reading and writing activities. We elaborated a continuum of types of reasoning and of practices that range from decodification to critical literacy and found that a significant amount of activities in the textbook explore critical literacy (51 – 38,6%). We evaluate this result positively, but suggest that the activities need to explore a wider range of reasonings and of practices to promote critical literacy for active citizenship.
miR-149-5p mitigates tumor necrosis factor-α-induced chondrocyte apoptosis by inhibiting TRADD
Authors: Xie Shi-cheng , Yang Lin , Shu Taipengfei , Liu Qin , Wang Wenbo
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Chondrocyte apoptosis as a prominent characteristic is usually accompanied by cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis (OA). Herein, we aimed to determine the roles of miR-149-5p in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced chondrocyte apoptosis.

Material and methods

Human chondrocytes were cultured with TNF-α to establish an apoptosis cell model in vitro. After transfection with miR-149-5p mimics or co-expression with TRADD in chondrocytes, cell viability, apoptosis, inflammatory cytokines, mRNA and protein expression were measured using CCK8, Annexin V-FITC double staining, ELISA assays, RT-qPCR and western blotting, respectively.

Results

TNF-α-induced chondrocyte apoptosis occurred in association with the inhibition of cell proliferation, the elevation of inflammatory cytokine levels and the activation of TRADD and caspase-3/8 signaling. The post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism suggested that TRADD was a direct target of miR-149-5p, and overexpression of miR-149-5p resulted in the down-regulation of TRADD protein expression in chondrocytes. In addition, miR-149-5p mimics had the ability to attenuate TNF-α-induced inflammation and apoptosis, while transfection with TRADD vector neutralized the protective effects of miR-149-5p on TNF-α-induced chondrocyte dysfunction.

Conclusions

miR-149-5p inversely regulated TNF-α-mediated chondrocyte damage by inhibiting TRADD-modulated caspases signaling. The miR-149-5p/TRADD signaling pathway might be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of OA.
Association between metabolic syndrome and psoriasis: a meta-analysis of observational studies with non-psoriasis control groups
Authors: Qiao Ju , Jia Qian-Nan , Jin Hong-Zhong
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Psoriasis is a highly prevalent condition that affects the quality of life of affected individuals. Several studies have indicated an association between psoriasis and metabolic syndrome (MS). However, the results were inconsistent. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between psoriasis and MS.

Material and methods

Electronic databases (PubMed, EBSCO, Elsevier, Springer, Wiley, and Cochrane) were searched systematically for published studies up to November 2, 2018. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to evaluate the association between psoriasis and MS. The heterogeneity of the study was estimated with the I2 statistic and analyzed by meta-regression and subgroup analyses.

Results

Twenty-two studies with a total of 137,053 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Psoriasis was associated with MS and the combined OR (95% CI) was 2.02 (1.67–2.43). The results showed high heterogeneity (I2 = 83.60%, p < 0.001) and no publication bias among the included studies (p = 0.119). The source of controls may have influenced the heterogeneity according to the meta-regression. There was no heterogeneity in studies with matched non-psoriasis control groups according to the subgroup analysis.

Conclusions

Psoriasis was associated with MS. The source of the control group was an influencing factor on heterogeneity in this study. Treating for MS in patients with psoriasis might improve psoriasis and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Does high estrogen level negatively affect pregnancy success in frozen embryo transfer?
Authors: Özdemir Ayşe , Karli Pervin , Gülümser Çağrı
Published: January 2020

Introduction

High estrogen levels could reduce pregnancy rates by disrupting the implantation of the embryo into the endometrium in patients treated with fresh cycles of in vitro fertilization. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of estrogen levels on the pregnancy and abortion rate in autologous frozen embryo transfer with hormone replacement therapy (HRT).

Material and methods

A historical cohort study was conducted in an academic setting to investigate the effect of estrogen levels on the pregnancy and abortion rates for all autologous artificial frozen embryo transfer cycles performed from January 2016 to January 2018. Serum estradiol levels recorded on day 2 or 3 of the cycle were stated as e1, and levels recorded on the day of progesterone were indicated as e2. Human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) positivity, which was examined 14 days after the transfer, was used to evaluate biochemical pregnancy. Abortion was defined as the termination of pregnancy before the 20th gestational week.

Results

There were 130 patients with unexplained infertility, 20 patients with poor ovarian reserve, and 54 patients with male factor. Of the patients with unexplained infertility, poor ovarian reserve, and male factor, 58, 4, and 27 of them were pregnant, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between the e1 and e2 levels of the pregnant and non-pregnant groups (p = 0.273, p = 0.219). In addition, there was no statistically significant difference between e2 levels in terms of the abortion rate (p = 0.722).

Conclusions

In autologous frozen embryo transfer with HRT, estrogen levels did not have a significant effect on the pregnancy or abortion rate. Therefore, estrogen levels do not need to be monitored in frozen embryo transfer with HRT.
Birth weight prediction by Lee formula based on fractional thigh volume in term pregnancies – is it helpful?
Authors: Mlodawski Jakub , Wolder Daniel , Niziurski Piotr , Adamczyk-Gruszka Olga , Głuszek Stanisław , Rokita Wojciech
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Ultrasonographic estimation of fetal weight (EFW) is a standard obstetrical procedure in daily clinical practice. Formulas for calculating EFW most commonly are a combination of two-dimensional measurements. A relatively new approach is the use of three-dimensional measurements such as fractional thigh volume (TVol) incorporated into specific regression equations. The objective of this study was to compare the Lee formula based on three-dimensional ultrasonographic TVol in the estimation of fetal weight before delivery in term pregnancies to the Hadlock I formula.

Material and methods

2D/3D abdominal ultrasonography was performed in 104 women, 37–41 gestational weeks, and measurements of biparietal dia¬meter, head circumference, abdomen circumference, and femur length, TVol were taken. Using these measurements, we compared the Lee to the Hadlock formulas in EFW. The timing of procedures was measured in 20 randomly chosen patients by an independent observer.

Results

Mean percentage errors of formulas, Lee vs. Hadlock, were 2.13% ±9.31% vs. –2.02% ±8.79%, (p = 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in median absolute percentage errors between the two formulas (6.09% vs. 6.10%, p = 0.56). The proportion of newborns with estimated birth weights (BW) within ±10% of actual BW was not significantly different between the two formulas (73% vs. 71%, p = 0.11). There was a significant difference in the proportion of the newborns with estimated BW within ±5% (33% vs. 42%, p = 0.000006). Statistical measurements for test performance in detecting fetuses with BW ≥ 4000 g were sensitivity 85% vs. 60%, specificity 88% vs. 96%, and accuracy 88% vs. 89%. There was no significant difference in the time to perform the measurements (69 s for Lee formula vs. 58 s for Hadlock formula, p = 0.16).

Conclusions

Thigh volume measurement incorporated into the Lee single parameter formula is comparable to the Hadlock I formula in terms of accuracy in predicting fetal weight before delivery. There was no significant difference in the time needed for taking necessary measurements between the two groups.
Variation of size-segregated particle number concentrations in wintertime Beijing
Authors: Zhou Ying , Dada Lubna , Liu Yiliang , Fu Yueyun , Kangasluoma Juha , Chan Tommy , Yan Chao , Chu Biwu , Daellenbach Kaspar R. , Bianchi Federico , Kokkonen Tom V. , Liu Yongchun , Kujansuu Joni , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Petäjä Tuukka , Wang Lin , Jiang Jingkun , Kulmala Markku
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The spatial and temporal variability of the number size distribution of
aerosol particles is an indicator of the dynamic behavior of Beijing's
atmospheric pollution cocktail. This variation reflects the strength of different
primary and secondary sources, such as traffic and new particle formation,
as well as the main processes affecting the particle population. In this
paper, we report size-segregated particle number concentrations observed at
a newly developed Beijing station during the winter of 2018. Our
measurements covered particle number size distributions over the diameter
range of 1.5 nm–1 µm (cluster mode, nucleation mode, Aitken mode and
accumulation mode), thus being descriptive of a major fraction of the
processes taking place in the atmosphere of Beijing. Here we focus on
explaining the concentration variations in the observed particle modes, by
relating them to the potential aerosol sources and sinks, and on
understanding the connections between these modes. We considered haze days
and new particle formation event days separately. Our results show that
during the new particle formation (NPF) event days increases in cluster mode
particle number concentration were observed, whereas during the haze days
high concentrations of accumulation mode particles were present. There was a
tight connection between the cluster mode and nucleation mode on both NPF
event and haze days. In addition, we correlated the particle number
concentrations in different modes with concentrations of trace gases and
other parameters measured at our station. Our results show that the particle
number concentration in all the modes correlated with NOx, which
reflects the contribution of traffic to the whole submicron size range. We
also estimated the contribution of ion-induced nucleation in Beijing, and
we found this contribution to be negligible.
Source apportionment of PM2.5 in Shanghai based on hourly molecular organic markers and other source tracers
Authors: Li Rui , Wang Qiongqiong , He Xiao , Zhu Shuhui , Zhang Kun , Duan Yusen , Fu Qingyan , Qiao Liping , Wang Yangjun , Huang Ling , Li Li , Yu Jian Zhen
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Identification of various sources and quantification of their contributions are a necessary step to formulating scientifically sound pollution control strategies. Receptor model is widely used in source apportionment of fine particles. However, most of the previous studies are based on traditional filter collection and lab analysis of aerosol chemical species (usually ions, elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC) and elements) as inputs. In this study, we conducted robust online measurements of a range of organic molecular makers and trace elements, in addition to the major aerosol components (ions, OC and EC), in urban Shanghai in the Yangtze River Delta region, China. The large suite of molecular and elemental tracers, together with water-soluble ions, OC and EC, provide data for establishing measurement-based source apportionment methodology for PM2.5. We conducted source apportionment using positive matrix factorization (PMF) and compared PMF solutions with molecular makers added (i.e. MM-PMF) and those without organic markers. MM-PMF identified 11 types of pollution sources, with biomass burning, cooking and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) as the additional sources identified. The three sources accounted for 4.9 %, 2.6 % and 14.7 % of the total PM2.5 mass, respectively. During the whole campaign, the secondary source is an important source of atmospheric pollution, the average contribution of secondary pollution sources is as high as 63.8 % of the total PM2.5 mass. Grouping different sources to secondary and primary, we note that SOC and POC contributed 45.1 % and 54.9 %, respectively. It is worth noting that the contribution of cooking to PM2.5 mass only account for 2.6 %, but it contributed to 10.7 % of OC. Episodic analysis indicated that secondary nitrate was the always the main cause of PM2.5 pollution, while during non-episodic hours, vehicle exhaust made a significant contribution. Through the application of the above-mentioned techniques to the Yangtze River Delta, more insights are gained on the sources, formation mechanism and pollution characteristics of PM2.5 in this region.
Variability in the mass absorption cross-section of black carbon (BC) aerosols is driven by BC internal mixing state at a central European background site (Melpitz, Germany) in winter
Authors: Yuan Jinfeng , Modini Robin Lewis , Zanatta Marco , Herber Andreas B. , Müller Thomas , Wehner Birgit , Poulain Laurent , Tuch Thomas , Baltensperger Urs , Gysel-Beer Martin
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Properties of atmospheric black carbon (BC) particles were characterized during a field experiment at a rural background site (Melpitz, Germany) in February 2017. BC absorption at a wavelength of 870 nm was measured by a photoacoustic extinctiometer and BC physical properties (BC mass concentration, core size distribution and coating thickness) were measured by a single-particle soot photometer (SP2). Additionally, a catalytic stripper was used to intermittently remove BC coatings by alternating between ambient and thermo-denuded conditions. From these data the mass absorption cross section of BC (MACBC) and its enhancement factor (EMAC) were inferred. Two methods were applied independently to investigate the coating effect on EMAC: a correlation method (ambient MACBC vs. BC coating thickness) and a denuding method (MACBC,amb vs. MACBC,denuded). Observed EMAC values varied from 1.0 to 1.6 (lower limit from denuding method) or ~ 1.2 to 1.9 (higher limit from correlation method) with the mean coating volume fraction ranging from 54 to 78 % in the dominating mass equivalent BC core diameter range of 200–220 nm. MACBC and EMAC were strongly correlated with coating thickness of BC, while other factors were found to have a potential minor influence as well, including air mass origins (different BC sources), mixing morphology (ratio of inorganics to organics), BC core size distribution and absorption Ångström exponent (AAE). These results for ambient BC measured at Melpitz during winter show that the lensing effect caused by coatings on BC is the main driver of the variations in MACBC and EMAC, while changes in other BC particle properties such as source, BC core size or coating composition play only minor roles.
Measuring Student Responses in and Instructors’ Perceptions of Student Evaluation Teaching (SETs), Pre and Post Intervention
Authors: Moralejo Lisa , Andersen Elizabeth , Hilsmann Norma , Kennedy Lindsay
Published: January 2020

At most colleges and universities, students are invited to complete Student Evaluation of Teaching (SETs), which have both formative and summative purposes. In this convergent mixed methods study we evaluated if we could influence (a) students’ numerical responses and nature of their comments and (b) instructors’ physical and emotional responses to SET results, their perceptions of their results, and perceptions of SETs overall. Students who received an in-class intervention submitted more qualified comments, addressed specific issues, and made more recommendations for improvements compared to students who did not receive the intervention. Instructors reported reduced physical symptoms related to SETs after they received the intervention. Instructors reported that the intervention helped them let go of feelings of frustration and isolation and that they had acquired new strategies for opening, reading, and interpreting SET results. They continued, however, to report feeling apprehensive, uneasy, and uncertain about impending SET results.
Testing the MUSIC Model of Motivation Theory: Relationships Between Students’ Perceptions, Engagement, and Overall Ratings
Authors: Jones Brett D.
Published: January 2020

The purposes of this study were to investigate the extent to which students’ course perceptions of the components of the MUSIC Model of Motivation (Jones, 2009, 2018) were related to their engagement in college courses and their instructor and course ratings. Participants included 285 college students who completed questionnaires once or twice during a course. The self-report scales demonstrated high internal reliability. The findings indicate that students’ MUSIC perceptions (i.e., perceptions of empowerment, usefulness, success, interest, and caring) were significantly related to their effort in the course, both when the variables were assessed at the same time point and when their effort was assessed at a later time point. These findings provide empirical evidence for relationships proposed in the MUSIC Model of Motivation theory. Students’ MUSIC perceptions were also related to their instructor and course ratings, both when the variables were assessed at the same time point and when their instructor and course ratings were assessed at a later time point. These findings are important for instructors because students’ MUSIC perceptions can be linked directly to categories of motivational strategies that can be used by instructors as they design instruction.
University Educators’ Experiences of Teaching Abroad: The Promotion of Cross-cultural Competence
Authors: Corbin Dwyer Sonya
Published: January 2020

As university classrooms become increasingly culturally diverse, how can educators learn to meet the needs of all of their students? Teaching abroad is an immersion activity that creates spaces which promote growth-producing experiences for faculty. The participants in this qualitative study reflected on their experiences of teaching abroad and discussed how it can help foster the development of cultural competency. Within this meta-theme, four subthemes emerged. The participants in this study discussed the personal dispositions and skills they think promote becoming culturally competent—the capacity to (a) adapt, (b) be interested in students and treat them as individuals, (c) embrace challenges, and (d) be comfortable with feeling uncomfortable. Teaching abroad is an effective professional development activity, one that should be supported by universities.
¿Cómo evalúan los docentes universitarios las asignaturas que facilitan?
Authors: Suárez Soza Martha Miurel , Triminio Zavala Carmen María , Madriz Aguilar Ricardo Antonio , Silva Largaespada Eddy Roberto , López Mairena Eugenio Casimiro
Published: January 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo era conocer las estrategias de evaluación utilizadas por los docentes de dos Facultades de la UNAN-Managua (Facultad de Educación e Idiomas RURD y Facultad Regional Multidisciplinaria FAREM-Estelí), en el proceso de aprendizaje; identificando los referentes teóricos-prácticos que guían el quehacer pedagógico y direccionan las formas de evaluación de acuerdo con la función, temporalidad e involucrados; para ello se desarrolló un diagnóstico de las experiencias desde la perspectiva de los docentes y estudiantes quienes coincidieron que el examen escrito es una de las estrategias de evaluación más utilizada sustentada en concepciones tradicionales que no conciben otras alternativas de evaluación. Posteriormente se realizó la intervención educativa centrada en los estudiantes, como una praxis que integra acción, práctica y reflexión crítica de una forma ordenada, mediante el intercambio colectivo de saberes, pensares, experiencias, actitudes y prácticas en los procesos de evaluación de los aprendizajes.
División tripartita de los contenidos. Modelación en una propuesta didáctica de ciencias sociales
Authors: Orozco Alvarado Julio Cesar
Published: January 2020

El presente artículo es producto de una investigación documental realizada en diferentes fuentes de información escrita acerca de la división tripartita de los contenidos, cuyos hallazgos se enriquecieron con los aportes de distintos expertos en el área de investigación educativa, a fin de presentar al profesorado de Educación Secundaria fundamentos teóricos sólidos que pueda extrapolar a su práctica educativa. Posteriormente se procedió a la construcción o diseño de una unidad didáctica del contenido: Relación entre la oferta y la demanda en la asignatura Economía (cursada en 10mo grado de Educación Secundaria ), con el objetivo de modelar la aplicación práctica de la concepción tripartita de los contenidos, además, se pretende que esta estructura de planificación didáctica sirva de modelo para la implementación del enfoque por competencias, modelo educativo declarado en el documento curricular del Ministerio de Educación (MINED) de nuestro país. La propuesta didáctica está compuesta de ocho planes de clase y contiene los tres momentos del proceso de aprendizaje (exploración de los constructos previos, introducción de nuevos conocimientos o su reestructuración y la aplicación de nuevas ideas a la solución de problemas).
White Mica Geochemistry: Discriminating Between Barren and Mineralized Porphyry Systems
Authors: Uribe-Mogollon Camilo , Maher Kierran
Published: January 2020

The Grasshopper prospect, located 23 km west-southwest from Dillon, Montana, presents exposed zones of phyllic alteration assemblages comprising the early and late phyllic styles. The mineral chemistry of white micas from both phyllic alteration zones was evaluated by short-wave infrared spectroscopy, electron microprobe analysis, and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The early phyllic expression consists of white to green micas characterized by longer Al-OH absorption wavelengths (2,204–2,210 nm), whereas the late phyllic phase contains white micas with shorter Al-OH absorption wavelengths (2,197–2,204 nm). Correlation with electron microprobe data found that the Tschermak substitution in the white micas is mainly controlled by Mg concentrations. Based on LA-ICP-MS data, higher Mn and Sr concentrations characterize white micas from the early phyllic alteration, whereas higher concentrations of B, Ba, Cr, Cs, Cu, Li, Rb, Sc, Sn, Ti, Tl, V, and W are present in white micas from the late phyllic style. Systematic zoning patterns of trace element concentrations in white micas from the early and late phyllic alteration styles were confirmed at Grasshopper. In general, increasing trends toward the center of the system were observed in V, Cu, Sc, Sn, W, and Zn, whereas increasing trends outward from the hydrothermal center were reported in Li and Cs. Comparison of the trace element concentrations of white micas from the early phyllic style from the barren system of Grasshopper and the mineralized system of Copper Cliff indicates significant differences in Zn, Cr, B, Tl, Sn, and Cs. Therefore, we propose a preliminary discrimination (Zn + Cr + B vs. Tl + Sn + Cs) plot that can be used to differentiate white micas from the early phyllic alteration among mineralized and weakly to unmineralized systems.
Identidades étnicas en el campo social un enfoque sintético
Authors: Barba del Horno Mikel
Published: January 2020

Partiendo del concepto de habitus de Pierre Bourdieu se plantea un esquema teórico para el estudio de las relaciones interétnicas que recoge e integra las aportaciones realizadas al tema desde tres disciplinas diferentes: la psicología social, la sociología y la antropología social. El esquema integra las dimensiones micro y macro de la identidad étnica y plantea una síntesis de los enfoques primordialista e instrumental de la identidad.
Internal Migration in Chinese Cities: An Exploration of Youths’ Experiences of Delinquency
Authors: Hung Jason
Published: January 2020

Introduction. In China, urban police tend to arrest and interrogate internal migrants when crimes occur, as they believe migrant cohorts are the main cause of crime. Detecting risk factors in migrant children's delinquency is necessary in order to allow authorities to limit the scope of crime.

Methods. This essay explores studies from Chicago School of Criminology, in additional to other relevant western criminological literature. This essay investigates how poor living conditions, undue levels of fear of crime, deficiency in the formation of social bonds, lack of informal control at home and school, and development of social strain are associated with migrant children's delinquency in China.

Findings. Socioeconomic challenges drive migrant children to delinquency. Migrant children are subject to discrimination and exclusion at school and public spaces, in addition to segregation residentially. The unfair treatment they receive contributes to their inability to develop a metropolitan social bonds and trust. Similarly, migrant parents are victimised by social discrimination, exploitation and exclusion, minimising their opportunities to exercise positive parenting. Their economic hardships impede migrant cohorts from alleviating poverty and increasing community engagement. Local urbanites' fear of crime against migrant cohorts fosters mutual misunderstanding, mistrust and conflicts. Social tension and fear of crime reinforce local urban residents' segregation and discrimination against internal migrants.

Conclusions. Migrant children may demonstrate a higher propensity of delinquency than local counterparts. However, more attention should be given to their victimisation as a result of economic hardships and social inequalities, in order to effectively exercise crime control in Chinese cities.
Research on Chinese Influence on Western Fashion Based on Fashion Magazine from 1970 to 1979
Authors: Ma Yuru , Bian Xiangyang
Published: January 2020

The decade of 1970s was a peak of Chinese influence on Western fashion. This article was intended to reveal the categories and design characteristics of Chinese-influenced clothing with classified statistical method based on collecting a total of 295 sets of designs presented during 1970-1979 from four fashion magazines. The underlying reasons for the popularity of Chinese-influenced clothing on western fashion were also analyzed and summarized. The research results showed that the Chinese-influenced clothing included three categories: outdoor daily clothes, indoor home wears and evening dresses, presenting neutral, romantic and luxury respectively. The popularity of Chinese-influenced clothing was mainly a result of some national and international factors, including anti-fashion aesthetics in the western society, the normalization of Sino-American relation and the development of Hong Kong trade.
Integrated Application of Organic and Blended Mineral Fertilizers Improves Potato Productivity and Income for Smallholder Farmers in Acidic Soils
Authors: Girma Tsegaye , Biazin Birhanu , Beyene Sheleme , Lemaga Berga
Published: January 2020

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is the world’s third most important food crop. However, potato productivity is very low in acidic soils that cover about 50% of the arable land in the world. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sole and integrated farmyard manure (FYM) and different types mineral fertilizers on yield, yield components and economic returns of potato in acidic soil of Ethiopia. Six treatments: 1) Control (without fertilizer), 2) sole application of the recommended NP (RNP) fertilizer (11 kg/ha N and 40 kg/ha P), 3) sole FYM (28.8 t/ha FYM), 4) half dose of recommended NP fertilizer and half dose of the FYM, 5) blended fertilizer formulated as 17.3 kg N, 34.7 kg P2O5, 7.41 kg S, 2.23 kg Zn, 0.3 kg B + 100 kg/ha), and 6) half blended and half FYM, were arranged in a randomized complete block design. The results revealed that potato plants amended with sole blended fertilizer, and integrated FYM and mineral fertilizers doubled fresh tuber yield as compared to the control. The RNP fertilizer gave the lowest (α < 0.05) marketable potato yields of all the fertilizer treatments. Applications of sole blended or integrated FYM and mineral fertilizers resulted in the highest net benefit with acceptable marginal rate of return. Integrated use of FYM and mineral fertilizers is crucial for improved and sustained smallholder potato production in acidic soils. Further studies are required to examine the long-term effects of blended fertilizers on soil properties.
Petrographic Microscope Digital Image Processing Technique for Texture and Microstructure Interpretation of Earth Materials
Authors: Dias Beatriz M. , Velázquez Victor F. , Lucena Rodrigo F. , Azevedo Sobrinho José M.
Published: January 2020

The technique of description and characterization of rocks with the aid of a polarized light microscope is a well-established practice in the fields of mineralogy and petrology. However, because geological materials are inherently highly variable on a small scale, capturing good-quality images, particularly of the fine details present in the mineral grains that compose the rock, is the main difficulty encountered when a thin section is examined under a petrographic microscope. Combining petrographic concepts and digital image processing methods, the principal aim of this paper is to provide a practical approach to digital image treatment with specific software, and its immediate application in the micromorphological characterization of minerals. In addition to the basic calibration of color, brightness, and contrast, three different methods of digital image processing in the spatial domain, following the principles of embossed surface, negative image, and edge detection techniques, were applied to the images. The use of these primary filters was found to be efficient for detailed characterization of the mineralogical phases involved in the different types of microstructures. However, special care must be taken regarding the sensitivity and accuracy parameters to avoid the exclusion of information or the addition of noise to the image. Although research has focused on the distinction of several types of textural features in rock-forming minerals, these techniques can be employed in other areas of investigation, in both academic and industrial settings, to diagnose textures of microtectonic deformation, soil micromorphological features, the proportions of the original ingredients in concretes, and the mineralogical modal determination of ceramics of archeological origin and to characterize mineral raw materials for the manufacture of technological products.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Education and Learning, Vol. 9, No. 1
Authors: Lin Grace
Published: January 2020

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Education and Learning, Vol. 9, No. 1, 2020
Unlocking High Sustainable Energy Potential in Zambia: An Integrative Collaborative Project Approach
Authors: Downs Timothy J. , Zimmerman Matthew , Altonaga Nick , Dahal Ramesh , Kubacki Elizabeth , Lapides Nathaniel , Richards John
Published: January 2020

Enjoying abundant hydro and solar resources, and relative socio-political stability, Zambia has the potential to be fully energy independent with high sustainability. However, in response to frequent power outages, symptomatic of a worsening energy deficit, the Zambian government’s proposed energy strategy seems to offer only short-term fixes, exemplifying the inadequacies of business-as-usual development practice. The assessment/planning process has little stakeholder engagement with civil society, and pays no attention to capacity building on a societal scale. Indeed, globally, while calls for ‘integrative’ approaches are getting louder, operational details are lacking. We suggest alternatives to the proposed strategy and conventional development process, and improvements to operational stages using an integrative collaborative project (ICP) framework, arguing for a capacity building innovation network that scales up or down by linking local and regional projects together. We consider: How can society unlock high sustainable energy potential in Zambia, in ways adaptive to changing conditions and climate instabilities, scalable up or down, and replicable to other settings? Our preliminary technological recommendation – subject to a full stakeholder process - combines solar farms, off-grid solar, improved hydroelectric, and optimization of thermal plants for baseload stability. But technical outcomes are a function of social processes. For our process innovation, we asses all operational stages: conceptual design, assessment, planning, implementation and management, and monitoring. For each we describe existing practice and suggest improvements, then consider capacity building needs and networks. Zambia could be an exciting model for sustainable development processes and resultant energy systems in challenging settings.
2019/41 A question of age discrimination (NL)
Authors: Huijts Claire
Published: January 2020

2019/41 A question of age discrimination (NL)

The Supreme Court found that the Court of Appeal did not properly examine whether the difference of treatment of employees based on a social plan may be justified.
Lleis dels gasos i submarinisme: Proposta didàctica per a l’estudi de la Llei de Boyle-Mariotte a partir de la investigació i l’aplicació al submarinisme
Authors: Sempere Serrano Núria
Published: January 2020

Les lleis dels gasos ideals són un contingut bàsic de l’assignatura de Física i Química en l’ESO i que, pel seu caràcter experimental, poden ser un bon punt de partida per desenvolupar una pràctica investigadora dins del marc del model cinètic-molecular. D’altra banda, les activitats d’indagació així com de les d’aplicació a diferents contextos han estat àmpliament estudiades en l’àmbit de la didàctica de les ciències amb la finalitat de millorar l’interès i l’aprenentatge de la Física i Química per parts dels alumnes. El seu desenvolupament pot ser complex i per això, en aquest article, es pretén exemplificar aquesta metodologia amb una seqüència didàctica basada en dos grans eixos: 1) Una pràctica investigadora sobre la relació entre la pressió i el volum dels gasos que s’estructura en 6 etapes, on l’última d’elles serà l’elaboració d’un pòster científic; i 2) Una activitat d’aplicació de les conclusions obtingudes a fenòmens que tenen lloc fora de l’àmbit escolar com és, en aquest cas, el submarinisme. Per dur a terme aquesta tasca es farà un breu resum de les aportacions que la didàctica de les ciències fa al respecte, es detallarà les accions a desenvolupar en cada etapa de la seqüència didàctica i es facilitaran diferents recursos per a la seua aplicació.
The level of somatic abilities and motor skills compared to sports level among 12-14-year-old female tennis players
Authors: Skórka Angelika , Sakowicz-Kostecka Joanna , Spieszny Jakub
Published: January 2020

Introduction. Tennis has been becoming increasingly popular year by year. However, it is a very difficult sport discipline in terms of technique, it requires a high level of fitness and coordination motor skills. In the first training stages, great importance needs to be given to movement coordination, which conditions the speed and efficiency of learning the technique.
Aim. The main aim of the dissertation is assessment of individual profiles of somatic feature development, coordination skills and energy-based motor skills among female tennis players with various rankings in the Polish Tennis Federation and were no more than 14 years old.
Material and methods. Research was conducted in February 2013 during the Polish indoor tennis championships of the youth division up to the age of 14. Twenty-six female players ranked first to twenty-sixth in the Polish Tennis Federation were the subject of the research. The research included anthropometric measurements, motor tests and computer tests of coordination skills. The collected datawas analyzed via basic statistical characteristics and normalized indicators.
Results. The sports level of young female tennis players is considerably determined by the size of somatic features and the level of coordination skills. Morphological- functional profiles of individual cases unambiguously indicate that the elements determining sports level of the tennis players balance one another and are dynamic in nature. However, the problem of achieving balance of the variables in the “model of a champion” at this training stage requires further and more detailed research.
Slow jogging - a multi-dimensional approach to physical activity in the health convention
Authors: Tanaka Hiroaki , Jackowska Magdalena
Published: January 2020

Aim. Presenting the benefits of easy and accessible slow jogging, low-intensity running, in reducing cardiovascular risk factors, preventing sarcopenia, improving aerobic fitness, but also improving athletes’ performance. Materials and methods. The work is of review nature. A comparison has been summarised regarding a review of research was carried out, which justifies the benefits of using low- and moderate-intensity runs for some civilization diseases. The assumption is that slow jogging does not dictate a constant speed, but it is intuitive to switch from walking to running at an average speed of 6-7 km/h (preferred transition speed, PTS). In view of the-above, slow jogging was defined as a jog at a slower speed than PTS for amateurs (beginners) and running at a lower speed than at the lactate threshold in athletes. Results. The energy expenditure of the run is twice as high as the energy expenditure of walking at the same speed and the same degree of perceptible effort, making slow jogging one of the best and easily available methods for use in weight-loss programmes. Slow jogging at the lactate threshold level also reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease and improves overall physical fitness. For athletes, it can be a contactless method for regenerating the body after intense exercise and improving results due to fat loss and improving mitochondrial functions. During the weekly programme of health tourism, based on slow jogging training, a reduction in body fat by 3% of body mass was observed, and in athletes, 3% improvement was noted. Conclusions. Jogging has been a daily human activity since the dawn of time, until the development of motorisation meant that it ceased to be needed. In parallel, society began to gain weight and decline in health due to reduced physical activity and poor nutrition. Slow jogging can contribute to a renaissance of physical activity and a healthier society.
The Protective Effect of The Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist on Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Model
Authors: Kalemci Serdar , Zeybek Arife , Mıcılı Serap Cilaker , Sarıhan Aydın , Çalışır Meryem , Şimşek Abdullah , Akın Fatih , İhtiyar Alperen , Yılmaz Osman
Published: January 2020

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is one of the main reasons of severe pulmonary hypertension and has significantly higher morbidity and mortality rates. The pathogenesis of the disease is characterized by the incomplete resolution of acute embolisms. The elevated inflammatory conditions after the acute embolism are one of the critical factors. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether or not anakinra is an option for treating CTEPH in an animal model.
We studied twenty-one rats in this study They were randomly divided into three groups containing seven animals: the control group: saline-treated control; the embolism group: CTEPH + normal saline; the anakinra group: CTEPH + anakinra.
We have observed that the layers of the segmental arteries and the alveolar were normal in the control group. In the cardiac tissue it was observed that muscular tissues and connective tissue were normal in the right ventricle. In embolism group, we detected a widening of the alveolar septum, a surrounding the alveolar infiltrates and a thickening of the segmental arteries in the muscular layer and a hypertrophy in the right ventricle tissues. We have determined that the lung and cardiac tissue specimens in the anakinra group are similar to control group.
We have showed that anakinra was useful option for the CTEPH model in rats. Anakinra may be considered as protective effect and the regression of the increased inflammation in CTEPH. The effectiveness of anakinra will continue to be subject to the further experimental and clinical studies.