bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the serum β2 Microglobulin level in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and its correlation with disease activity
Authors: Aghdashi Miramir , Salami Simak , Nezhadisalami Ahmad
Published: August 2019

Background: Designation of disease activity is serious for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Serum level of β2 microglobulin (β2M) may be associated with illness activity in SLE disease. Since the role of β2M for assessing of illness activity in SLE is not completely clear, the current study aimed to discern evaluation of β2M in patients with SLE and its correlation with sickness activity.

Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 50 patients with SLE disease and 25 healthy individuals were selected in Imam Khomeini Hospital in central of Urmia.

Blood samples were collected safely from patients, serum was removed, and β2M measured using an ELISA method. The results for other parameters including C reactive protein, C3, C4, anti dsDNA and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were obtained from patients’ medical record. Data analyzed using appropriate statistical tests including Mann-Whitney U test, Independent f-test, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman used for analysis of data.

Results: In the current study, a significant difference was seen between two groups in terms of β2M (p < 0.001). Remarkable correlation was seen between the level of β2M with disease activity (p < 0.001). Furthermore, there are significant relevancy between the level of β2M with 24-hour urine protein, ESR, disease activity score, and CRP (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The results revealed that serum amount of β2M in SLE patients is higher compared to healthy ones, which is significantly correlated to score of illness activity, CRP, and ESR in patients with SLE disease. Hence β2M might be an excellent serological marker helping the prediction of sickness activity and inflammation in SLE patients.
The effect of nigellasativaoil on the prevention of phlebitis induced by chemotherapy: a clinical trial
Authors: Behnamfar Niaz , Parsa Yekta Zohreh , Mojab Faraz , Kazem Naeini Seyyed Mohammad
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Phlebitis, that disrupts chemotherapy, is the inflammation of the vein and the most common complication of intravenous injection of chemotherapy drugs.

Aim: the aim was determine the effect of topical application of N.sativaoil on the prevention of phlebitis caused by chemotherapy.

Methods: This single-blind clinical trial was conducted on 60 cancer patients. In the intervention group, five drops of N.sativaoil was applied on the distal area of the catheter, two times per day and every 12 hours from the first day of chemotherapy to the third day; no intervention was conducted for the subjects in the control group.

Results: Results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups at 60 and 72 hours in regard with incidence of phlebitis. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups at 12 and 72 hours in terms of severity (degree) of phlebitis.

Conclusion: topical application of N.sativaoil is effective in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced phlebitis.
The judet quadricepsplasty for elderly traumatic knee extension contracture: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Ding Benjamin Tze Keong , Khan Suheal Ali
Published: August 2019

Traumatic injuries to the knee are frequently complicated by extension contractures. The Judet Quadricepsplasty allows for controlled, sequential release of extrinsic and intrinsic knee contracture components while reducing the potential for iatrogenic quadriceps rupture. We document our institutions experience with this procedure and a systematic review of the current literature. We followed up on an elderly patient with posttraumatic flexion contracture that failed conservative management and underwent Judet Quadricepsplasty. Her knee range of motion improve dramatically from 20 degrees of flexion to 100 degrees of flexion. There was a residual extension lag of 5 degrees which did not impede on the patients daily activities. A review of the literature was performed and relevant data from 12 articles was extracted. The procedure was mainly performed in young adult males in most previous studies and the range of motion improvement ranged from 51° to 110°. Wound infections were the most common complication but otherwise other complications and severe extension lag were rare. The Judet Quadricepsplasty is a useful procedure for severe extension knee contractures that has failed conservative management in all age groups of patients. It is associated with significant increases in range of motion with low rates of complication or extension lag.

Diagnostic IV
Untersuchung der Messgenauigkeit verschiedener Blutglukosemesssysteme, erworben in Discountern und Drogeriemärkten im Rahmen der Versorgungsforschung in Anlehnung an ISO 15197
Authors: Baumstark Annette , Jendrike Nina , Pleus Stefan , Waldenmaier Delia , Zschornack Eva , Link Manuela , Kamecke Ulrike , Mende Jochen , Freckmann Guido
Published: August 2019

Einleitung Blutglukosemesssysteme (BGMS) zur Eigenanwendung ermöglichen eine selbstständige Stoffwechselüberwachung und eine flexible Therapieanpassung. Auf der Grundlage der gemessenen Blutglukosewerte werden von den Anwendern Entscheidungen über Mahlzeiteneinnahme und Insulindosis getroffen. Die Messgenauigkeit von BGMS sollte daher nicht vernachlässigt werden. BGMS sind heutzutage neben der Apotheke oder dem Fachhandel auch in Supermärkten, Discountern oder Drogeriemärkten erhältlich.

Im Rahmen der herstellerunabhängigen Versorgungsforschung wurde in dieser Untersuchung die Systemgenauigkeit von 4 BGMS, erworben in Discountern oder Drogeriemärkten, bewertet. Es wurde jeweils eine Teststreifencharge in Anlehnung an die Prozedurvorgaben der EN ISO 15197:2015 getestet. Die Messungen wurden in den Jahren 2016 und 2017 durchgeführt.

Methodik Mit je einer Teststreifencharge der 4 Systeme wurden 100 Kapillarblutproben mit der in der Norm geforderten Glukosekonzentrationsverteilung in Doppelbestimmung gemessen. Die ausgegebenen Werte wurden den Ergebnissen der Herstellerreferenzmethode (Glukoseoxidase) gegenübergestellt. Nach EN ISO 15197:2015 müssen ≥ 95 % der Messergebnisse innerhalb von ± 15 mg/dl bzw. ± 15 % der Vergleichsmessergebnisse bei einer Glukosekonzentration < 100 mg/dl bzw. ≥ 100 mg/dl liegen (Kriterium A). Die klinische Relevanz der Messabweichungen wurde, wie in der Norm beschrieben, mithilfe eines Consensus Error Grid (CEG) ermittelt (Kriterium B).

Ergebnisse Angewendet auf eine Teststreifencharge, erfüllte keines der untersuchten Systeme das Kriterium A der Systemgenauigkeitsanforderungen. Jeweils 55,5 % (System A), 90,0 % (System B), 66,5 % (System C) und 75,5 % (System D) der Werte lagen innerhalb der Grenzen ± 15 mg/dl/ ± 15 %.

Bei drei Systemen lagen alle Werte in den Zonen A und B des CEG (Kriterium B). Von den gemessenen Werten des vierten Systems befanden sich 5 Werte in der CEG-Zone C („Wahrscheinlichkeit für Beeinträchtigung des klinischen Ergebnisses“), die übrigen Werte lagen innerhalb der akzeptablen Zonen A und B. Der relative Bias lag bei + 16,2 % (System A), –8,4 % (System B), –13,9 % (System C) und + 9,5 % (System D).

Schlussfolgerung In dieser Studie hat keines der untersuchten BGMS mit der getesteten Teststreifencharge die angewandten Messgenauigkeitskriterien der ISO 15197 erfüllt. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen, dass herstellerunabhängige Kontrollen der Messqualität der im Handel erhältlichen BGMS wichtig sind, um für Menschen mit Diabetes mellitus eine sichere Therapie zu gewährleisten.
Endovascular and Percutaneous Treatment of Pediatric Portosystemic Varices: A Case Review
Authors: Dabrowiecki Alexander , Monroe Eric J. , Romero Rene , Gill Anne E. , Hawkins C. Matthew
Published: August 2019

Portal hypertension is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients. Complications of portal hypertension include development of portosystemic varices. The most common type of portosystemic varices are gastroesophageal varices; however, other ectopic varices can also be a cause of recurrent, life-threatening gastrointestinal bleeding. Problematic ectopic varices include isolated gastric, anorectal, small bowel, roux-limb, and stomal varices. There are no standardized treatment guidelines on how to manage ectopic varices in children; however, new innovations in endovascular treatment options provide potential therapeutic alternatives when varices are refractory to conventional therapy. This review provides a case-based literature review for endovascular treatment of isolated gastric, anorectal, small bowel, roux-limb, and stomal ectopic varices in children (age 0-9 years) and adolescents (age 10-19 years).
Intraoperative Hypertensive Urgency and Hemodynamic Instability during Microvascular Decompression for Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Jayapaul Pushkaran , Rajan Thanga T. , Sabeson Aravind
Published: August 2019

Objective To evaluate the factors predisposing to rare events of intraoperative hypertensive urgency during microvascular decompression (MVD) for trigeminal neuralgia (TGN) and outcome of MVD on long-term blood pressure (BP) control.

Patients and Methods Total 54 consecutive TGN patients who failed medical management in two institutions from January 2012 to January 2017 were included in the study. MVD of TGN was done through retromastoid suboccipital craniotomy. Intraoperative “hypertensive urgency” and hemodynamic instability were observed in two patients with BP shooting up to > 180/120 mm Hg, which was controlled. Postoperative period was uneventful and patients were discharged. Patients were reviewed in the OPD clinic at 1 and 6 months after discharge and their clinical status was evaluated. The collected data were analyzed retrospectively.

Results Of the 54 patients, 32 (59.26%) were male and 22 (40.74%) were female. Twenty-five (46.30%) patients were hypertensive, out of whom 19 (76%) were in Joint National Committee (JNC) 7 stage 1 and 6 (24%) were in stage 2. Two (3.70%) patients had an intraoperative hypertensive crisis, and in both the patients, the offending vessel was an atheromatous ectatic vertebrobasilar artery. Postoperative long-term BP control or normalization was observed in one of the two patients with a single antihypertensive drug who was on three antihypertensive drugs preoperatively.

Conclusion Intraoperative hypertensive urgency is a medical emergency that can be encountered in MVD surgery for TGN, and an ectatic atheromatous vertebrobasilar arterial compression on the nerve is notorious for predisposing to hypertensive urgency. Postoperative long-term BP control in hypertensive patients is not feasible after MVD in this study, which needs further detailed analysis.
Learning scientific creativity from the arts
Authors: Lehmann Johannes , Gaskins Bill
Published: August 2019

Examining scientific creativity through the lens of artistic practice may allow identification of a path towards an institutional environment that explicitly values and promotes transformative creativity in science. It is our perception as an artist and natural scientist that even though creativity is valued in the sciences, it is not institutionally promoted to the same extent it is in the arts. Acknowledging creativity as acts of transformation and central to scientific pursuit, actively utilizing chance and failure in scientific experimentation, are critical for step changes in scientific knowledge. Iterative and open-ended processes should be modeled after insights from a range of practices in the visual, performing and media arts. Successful institutional implementation requires training through a long-term process of unlearning and learning, organizing interactions to critique results, designing experiments to contain trial and error, and building common and individual spaces that promote chance encounters across disciplines and with non-academic sectors. As a natural scientist and an artist, we call for bringing such a transformative creative approach into scientific practice as a guiding principle for organizational and cultural development of the university.
Creating and communicating social research for policymakers in government
Authors: Phoenix Jessica H. , Atkinson Lucy G. , Baker Hannah
Published: August 2019

Many academics ask ‘How can I use my research to influence policy?’. In this paper, we draw on our first-hand experience as social researchers for the British Government to advise how academics can create and communicate research with policymakers. Specifically, we describe methods of communicating research to policymakers in relation to research we undertook to listen to farmers about their priorities for a new agricultural policy for England following the exit of the UK from the European Union. The main purpose of this research was to ensure farmers’ voices were included in policy development and therefore communication of the research to policymakers was key. We reflect on the effectiveness of the communication methods we employed and summarise our learnings into four practical recommendations: (1) make research relevant to policymakers; (2) invest time to develop and maintain relationships with policymakers; (3) utilise ‘windows of opportunity’; and (4) adapt presentation and communication styles to the audience. We consider that employing these recommendations will help to improve how evidence is communicated between academia and government and therefore the influence of evidence in decision-making processes.
Nonlinear elasticity of silica nanofiber
Authors: Godet Adrien , Sylvestre Thibaut , Pêcheur Vincent , Chrétien Jacques , Beugnot Jean-Charles , Phan Huy Kien
Published: August 2019

Optical nanofibers (ONFs) represent versatile nanophotonic platforms for important photonic applications such as optical sensing and quantum and nonlinear optics. The attractiveness of ONFs arises from the tight optical confinement, their wide evanescent field in the subwavelength limit, their surface acoustic properties, and their high tensile strength. Here we investigate Brillouin light scattering in silica-glass ONFs under high tensile strain and show that the fundamental properties of elastic waves dramatically change due to elastic anisotropy and nonlinear elasticity for strain larger than 2%. This yields to unexpected Brillouin strain coefficients for all Brillouin resonances including surface and hybrid waves, followed by a nonlinear evolution at high tensile strength. We further provide a complete theoretical analysis based on third-order nonlinear elasticity of silica that agrees well with our experimental data. These new regimes open the way to the development of compact tensile strain optical sensors based on nanofibers.
Generic language in scientific communication
Authors: DeJesus Jasmine M. , Callanan Maureen A. , Solis Graciela , Gelman Susan A.
Published: August 2019

Significance

There is increasing recognition that research samples in psychology are limited in size, diversity, and generalizability. However, because scientists are encouraged to reach broad audiences, we hypothesized that scientific writing may sacrifice precision in favor of bolder claims. We focused on generic statements (“Introverts and extraverts require different learning environments”), which imply broad, timeless conclusions while ignoring variability. In an analysis of 1,149 psychology articles, 89% described results using generics, yet 73% made no mention of participants’ race. Online workers and undergraduate students (
n
= 1,578) judged findings expressed with generic language more important than findings expressed with nongeneric language. These findings provide a window onto scientists’ views of sampling, and highlight consequences of language choice in scientific communication.
The joint influence of intelligence and practice on skill development throughout the life span
Authors: Vaci Nemanja , Edelsbrunner Peter , Stern Elsbeth , Neubauer Aljoscha , Bilalić Merim , Grabner Roland H.
Published: August 2019

The relative importance of different factors in the development of human skills has been extensively discussed. Research on expertise indicates that focused practice may be the sole determinant of skill, while intelligence researchers underline the relative importance of abilities at even the highest level of skill. There is indeed a large body of research that acknowledges the role of both factors in skill development and retention. It is, however, unknown how intelligence and practice come together to enable the acquisition and retention of complex skills across the life span. Instead of focusing on the 2 factors, intelligence and practice, in isolation, here we look at their interplay throughout development. In a longitudinal study that tracked chess players throughout their careers, we show that both intelligence and practice positively affect the acquisition and retention of chess skill. Importantly, the nonlinear interaction between the 2 factors revealed that more intelligent individuals benefited more from practice. With the same amount of practice, they acquired chess skill more quickly than less intelligent players, reached a higher peak performance, and arrested decline in older age. Our research demonstrates the futility of scrutinizing the relative importance of highly intertwined factors in human development.
Mechanistic basis of neonatal heart regeneration revealed by transcriptome and histone modification profiling
Authors: Wang Zhaoning , Cui Miao , Shah Akansha M. , Ye Wenduo , Tan Wei , Min Yi-Li , Botten Giovanni A. , Shelton John M. , Liu Ning , Bassel-Duby Rhonda , Olson Eric N.
Published: August 2019

The adult mammalian heart has limited capacity for regeneration following injury, whereas the neonatal heart can readily regenerate within a short period after birth. To uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying neonatal heart regeneration, we compared the transcriptomes and epigenomes of regenerative and nonregenerative mouse hearts over a 7-d time period following myocardial infarction injury. By integrating gene expression profiles with histone marks associated with active or repressed chromatin, we identified transcriptional programs underlying neonatal heart regeneration, and the blockade to regeneration in later life. Our results reveal a unique immune response in regenerative hearts and a retained embryonic cardiogenic gene program that is active during neonatal heart regeneration. Among the unique immune factors and embryonic genes associated with cardiac regeneration, we identified Ccl24, which encodes a cytokine, and Igf2bp3, which encodes an RNA-binding protein, as previously unrecognized regulators of cardiomyocyte proliferation. Our data provide insights into the molecular basis of neonatal heart regeneration and identify genes that can be modulated to promote heart regeneration.
Reflective prolate-spheroidal operators and the KP/KdV equations
Authors: Casper W. Riley , Grünbaum F. Alberto , Yakimov Milen , Zurrián Ignacio
Published: August 2019

Significance

Pairs of commuting integral and differential operators have been constructed on a case-by-case basis in the analysis of various spectral problems in signal processing, random matrix theory, and integrable systems. We present a unified general construction of commuting pairs based on the intrinsic properties of symmetries of soliton equations. A key ingredient in it is a method proving that the integral operators associated to the points of infinite-dimensional families of solutions of soliton equations canonically “reflect” differential operators. This in turn is used to give examples of interesting commuting pairs.
The GABA receptor GABRR1 is expressed on and functional in hematopoietic stem cells and megakaryocyte progenitors
Authors: Zhu Fangfang , Feng Mingye , Sinha Rahul , Murphy Matthew Philip , Luo Fujun , Kao Kevin S. , Szade Krzysztof , Seita Jun , Weissman Irving L.
Published: August 2019

Significance

GABA not only plays critical roles in the central nervous system but also is involved in various peripheral tissues, such as intestine, stomach, etc. Here, we tried to identity the function of GABA signaling in hematopoietic progenitors. We found GABRR1 is the only GABA receptor expressed in subsets of both human and mouse hematopoietic stem cells and megakaryocyte progenitors. Further studies showed inhibition of GABRR1 with a knockout mouse model, CRISPR-mediated deletion, or GABA antagonist treatment inhibited megakaryocyte and platelet differentiation, while activation of GABRR1 through lentivirus-mediated overexpression or GABA agonist treatment promoted platelet generation. Thus, our work identifies a link between this neural receptor and the hematopoietic system and potentially uncovers a strategy to efficiently generate megakaryocytes and platelets.
Inventories of naive and tolerant mouse CD4 T cell repertoires reveal a hierarchy of deleted and diverted T cell receptors
Authors: Hassler Tobias , Urmann Emanuel , Teschner Sebastian , Federle Christine , Dileepan Thamotharampillai , Schober Kilian , Jenkins Marc K. , Busch Dirk H. , Hinterberger Maria , Klein Ludger
Published: August 2019

Significance

Central tolerance can generate holes in the CD4 T cell repertoire or divert cells into the Foxp3
+
T regulatory (T
reg
) cell lineage. Little is known with regard to how these diametrically different cell fate decisions of autoreactive cells shape the size and composition of polyclonal cohorts of antigen-specific T cells. Here we generated inventories of very rare autoreactive T cells in the naive versus tolerant polyclonal repertoire and identified T cell receptors (TCRs) that were lost, whereas others mediated T
reg
cell differentiation. The antigen responsiveness of these TCRs revealed a TCR hierarchy that not only separates deleted from diverted TCRs but also generates a T
reg
cell compartment with high antigen reactivity.
Role of striatal ΔFosB in
l
-Dopa–induced dyskinesias of parkinsonian nonhuman primates
Authors: Beck Goichi , Singh Arun , Zhang Jie , Potts Lisa F. , Woo Jong-Min , Park Eun S. , Mochizuki Hideki , Mouradian M. Maral , Papa Stella M.
Published: August 2019

Significance

l
-Dopa–induced dyskinesia (LID) is a major complication of dopaminergic therapy in Parkinson’s disease. These involuntary movements have been associated with several molecular changes in the striatum, including increased levels of ΔFosB. However, whether ΔFosB upregulation plays a major role in the development of the primate LID or is an epiphenomenon of chronic
l
-Dopa treatment remains unknown. Using transgenic expression of ΔFosB in the striatum of parkinsonian primates, we show that elevated levels of ΔFosB lead to LID development in the absence of chronic
l
-Dopa exposure. The physiological and molecular changes associated with LID are also replicated in this model. These findings suggest that ΔFosB elevation is responsible for LID generation and that repressing its expression can have therapeutic value.
Structural basis of Q-dependent antitermination
Authors: Yin Zhou , Kaelber Jason T. , Ebright Richard H.
Published: August 2019

Lambdoid bacteriophage Q protein mediates the switch from middle to late bacteriophage gene expression by enabling RNA polymerase (RNAP) to read through transcription terminators preceding bacteriophage late genes. Q loads onto RNAP engaged in promoter-proximal pausing at a Q binding element (QBE) and adjacent sigma-dependent pause element (SDPE) to yield a Q-loading complex, and Q subsequently translocates with RNAP as a pausing-deficient, termination-deficient Q-loaded complex. Here, we report high-resolution structures of 4 states on the pathway of antitermination by Q from bacteriophage 21 (Q21): Q21, the Q21-QBE complex, the Q21-loading complex, and the Q21-loaded complex. The results show that Q21 forms a torus, a “nozzle,” that narrows and extends the RNAP RNA-exit channel, extruding topologically linked single-stranded RNA and preventing the formation of pause and terminator hairpins.
Circadian lipid synthesis in brown fat maintains murine body temperature during chronic cold
Authors: Adlanmerini Marine , Carpenter Bryce J. , Remsberg Jarrett R. , Aubert Yann , Peed Lindsey C. , Richter Hannah J. , Lazar Mitchell A.
Published: August 2019

Ambient temperature influences the molecular clock and lipid metabolism, but the impact of chronic cold exposure on circadian lipid metabolism in thermogenic brown adipose tissue (BAT) has not been studied. Here we show that during chronic cold exposure (1 wk at 4 °C), genes controlling de novo lipogenesis (DNL) including
Srebp1
, the master transcriptional regulator of DNL, acquired high-amplitude circadian rhythms in thermogenic BAT. These conditions activated mechanistic target of rapamycin 1 (mTORC1), an inducer of
Srebp1
expression, and engaged circadian transcriptional repressors REV-ERBα and β as rhythmic regulators of
Srebp1
in BAT. SREBP was required in BAT for the thermogenic response to norepinephrine, and depletion of SREBP prevented maintenance of body temperature both during circadian cycles as well as during fasting of chronically cold mice. By contrast, deletion of REV-ERBα and β in BAT allowed mice to maintain their body temperature in chronic cold. Thus, the environmental challenge of prolonged noncircadian exposure to cold temperature induces circadian induction of SREBP1 that drives fuel synthesis in BAT and is necessary to maintain circadian body temperature during chronic cold exposure. The requirement for BAT fatty acid synthesis has broad implications for adaptation to cold.
Large-scale identification and functional analysis of
NLR
genes in blast resistance in the Tetep rice genome sequence
Authors: Wang Long , Zhao Lina , Zhang Xiaohui , Zhang Qijun , Jia Yanxiao , Wang Guan , Li Simin , Tian Dacheng , Li Wen-Hsiung , Yang Sihai
Published: August 2019

Tetep is a rice cultivar known for broad-spectrum resistance to blast, a devastating fungal disease. The molecular basis for its broad-spectrum resistance is still poorly understood. Is it because Tetep has many more
NLR
genes than other cultivars? Or does Tetep possess multiple major
NLR
genes that can individually confer broad-spectrum resistance to blast? Moreover, are there many interacting
NLR
pairs in the Tetep genome? We sequenced its genome, obtained a high-quality assembly, and annotated 455 nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (
NLR
) genes. We cloned and tested 219
NLR
genes as transgenes in 2 susceptible cultivars using 5 to 12 diversified pathogen strains; in many cases, fewer than 12 strains were successfully cultured for testing. Ninety cloned
NLR
s showed resistance to 1 or more pathogen strains and each strain was recognized by multiple
NLR
s. However, few
NLR
s showed resistance to >6 strains, so multiple
NLR
s are apparently required for Tetep’s broad-spectrum resistance to blast. This was further supported by the pedigree analyses, which suggested a correlation between resistance and the number of Tetep-derived
NLR
s. In developing a method to identify
NLR
pairs each of which functions as a unit, we found that >20% of the
NLR
s in the Tetep and 3 other rice genomes are paired. Finally, we designed an extensive set of molecular markers for rapidly introducing clustered and paired
NLR
s in the Tetep genome for breeding new resistant cultivars. This study increased our understanding of the genetic basis of broad-spectrum blast resistance in rice.
Patterns, constructions, and applied linguistics
Authors: Hunston Susan
Published: August 2019

This paper proposes an alignment between aspects of pattern grammar (Francis, 1993;Hunston & Francis, 2000) and construction grammar (Goldberg, 2006). Pattern Grammar describes the grammatical behaviour of individual words at a specific level of generality. The paper claims that grammar patterns and the groups of words identified as occurring with them can be used to propose candidate constructions. This claim is illustrated with verbs and with adjectives. The paper proposes that the term ‘construction’ be used to refer to a sub-set of instances of a grammar pattern, that sub-set identified by the occurrence of a limited set of node words. It also proposes that the Pattern Grammar reference resources that are already available be reconfigured as a constructicon. The paper discusses how constructions could be presented to (English) language teachers and learners and how a constructicon might be organised.
Short-term accommodation as a function of addressee language proficiency
Authors: Corbett Cecily
Published: August 2019

This paper examines patterns of phonetic accommodation as a function of addressee target language proficiency. Specifically, it analyzes short-term adjustments in the articulation of coda consonants /s/, /ɾ/, and /n/ in the speech of eight New York Dominican Spanish speakers during a series of conversations with different addressees – a native speaker and three nonnative Spanish speakers who have varying levels of Spanish proficiency. Results demonstrate that addressee native-speaker status and proficiency play a statistically significant role in both the degree and direction of phonetic accommodation exhibited by the native speaker informants. While the informants converge with both the most- and least-proficient addressees, they initially diverge from the mid-proficient addressee. The study finds that the native speaker informants use overtly-prestigious variants to attune to the academic Spanish of the most-proficient addressees and use covertly-prestigious, emblematic variants with both the mid-proficient and native speaker addressees to demonstrate outgroup and ingroup membership, respectively.
Los marcadores del discurso
Authors: Landone Elena
Published: August 2019

El objetivo de este estudio es investigar si los marcadores del discurso (MD) (comohombre, bueno, etc.) pueden aportar información verbal que despierte las inferencias de los hablantes sobre la relación emotiva que surge en una conversación. Se adopta una metodología émica, que consiste en obtener la percepción de la emoción de los sujetos en doscorpusparalelos de diálogos (español e italiano). Los resultados demuestran que algunos MD funcionan realmente como índices inferenciales emotivos, pero varían según el hablante y son altamente dependientes del contexto.
Mitochondrial protein enriched extracellular vesicles discovered in human melanoma tissues can be detected in patient plasma
Authors: Jang Su Chul , Crescitelli Rossella , Cvjetkovic Aleksander , Belgrano Valerio , Bagge Roger Olofsson , Sundfeldt Karin , Ochiya Takahiro , Kalluri Raghu , Lötvall Jan
Published: August 2019

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, are secreted from all cells, and convey messages between cells in health and disease. However, the diversity of EV subpopulations is only beginning to be explored. Since EVs have been implicated in tumour microenvironmental communication, we started to determine the diversity of EVs specifically in this tissue. To do this, we isolated EVs directly from patient melanoma metastatic tissues. Using EV membrane isolation and mass spectrometry analysis, we discovered enrichment of mitochondrial membrane proteins in the melanoma tissue‐derived EVs, compared to non‐melanoma‐derived EVs. Interestingly, two mitochondrial inner membrane proteins MT‐CO2 (encoded by the mitochondrial genome) and COX6c (encoded by the nuclear genome) were highly prevalent in the plasma of melanoma patients, as well as in ovarian and breast cancer patients. Furthermore, this subpopulation of EVs contains active mitochondrial enzymes. In summary, tumour tissues are enriched in EVs with mitochondrial membrane proteins and these mitochondrial membrane proteins can be detected in plasma and are increased in melanoma, ovarian cancer as well as breast cancer.
Exact solutions of a (2+1)-dimensional extended shallow water wave equation*
Authors: Yuan Feng , He Jing-Song , Cheng Yi
Published: August 2019

We give the bilinear form and n-soliton solutions of a (2+1)-dimensional [(2+1)-D] extended shallow water wave (eSWW) equation associated with two functions v and r by using Hirota bilinear method. We provide solitons, breathers, and hybrid solutions of them. Four cases of a crucial

ϕ
(
y
)

, which is an arbitrary real continuous function appeared in f of bilinear form, are selected by using Jacobi elliptic functions, which yield a periodic solution and three kinds of doubly localized dormion-type solution. The first order Jacobi-type solution travels parallelly along the x axis with the velocity

(
3

k

1

2

+
α
,
0
)

on (x, y)-plane. If

ϕ
(
y
)
=
sn
(
y
,
3

/

10
)

, it is a periodic solution. If

ϕ
(
y
)
=
cn
(
y
,
1
)

, it is a dormion-type-I solutions which has a maximum

(
3

/

4
)

k

1

p

1

and a minimum

−
(
3

/

4
)

k

1

p

1

. The width of the contour line is

ln
[
(
2
+

6

+

2

+

3

)

/

(
2
+

6

−

2

−

3

)
]

. If

ϕ
(
y
)
=
sn
(
y
,
1
)

, we get a dormion-type-II solution (26) which has only one extreme value

−
(
3

/

2
)

k

1

p

1

. The width of the contour line is

ln
[
(

2

+
1
)

/

(

2

−
1
)
]

. If

ϕ
(
y
)
=
sn
(
y
,
1

/

2
)

/

(
1
+

y

2

)

, we get a dormion-type-III solution (21) which shows very strong doubly localized feature on (x,y) plane. Moreover, several interesting patterns of the mixture of periodic and localized solutions are also given in graphic way.
Observation of hopping transitions for delocalized electrons by temperature-dependent conductance in silicon junctionless nanowire transistors*
Authors: Guo Yang-Yan , Han Wei-Hua , Zhao Xiao-Song , Dou Ya-Mei , Zhang Xiao-Di , Wu Xin-Yu , Yang Fu-Hua
Published: August 2019

We demonstrate transitions of hopping behaviors for delocalized electrons through the discrete dopant-induced quantum dots in n-doped silicon junctionless nanowire transistors by the temperature-dependent conductance characteristics. There are two obvious transition platforms within the critical temperature regimes for the experimental conductance data, which are extracted from the unified transfer characteristics for different temperatures at the gate voltage positions of the initial transconductance g
m peak in V
g1 and valley in V
g2. The crossover temperatures of the electron hopping behaviors are analytically determined by the temperature-dependent conductance at the gate voltages V
g1 and V
g2. This finding provides essential evidence for the hopping electron behaviors under the influence of thermal activation and long-range Coulomb interaction.
Analysis of Changes Settlement and Fair Market Land Prices to Predict Physical Development Area Using Cellular Automata Markov Model and SIG in East Ungaran Distric
Authors: Subiyanto S , Amarrohman F J
Published: August 2019

East Ungaran District has various forms of land use, from the many important land uses ranging from settlements, industry, roads and other public facilities. Over time, land use will have changes along with existing development. The development of the Semarang - Solo toll road in 2009 by PT Jasa Marga (Persero) Tbk and of changes the land use in the district and sub-district of West Ungaran, East Ungaran post-expansion area in 2003 is the factors causing land use change in East Ungaran Distric also conducted Analysis. East Ungaran District is one of the areas with the rapid development of the distric. This is the result of increased population and population mobility. Because of these factors, there is a growth of development as well as changes in settlemen that lead to the physical changes of the city. Based on above, it is necessary to research the settlement change in East Ungaran Distric. The method used to determine the hierarchy of rural and urban settlements with characteristics of the region which has the main function of cultivation of the livelihoods of its inhabitants, population density, facilities and infrastructure, the dominance of a broad percentage of land use. The method used to determine determine the direction pattern of the physical development of the the settlement area is Global Moran’s Index while to predict the physical development of the East Ungaran Distric area in 2026 used CA Markov method. This research used high-resolution imagery in 2010 and 2018, and land use maps in 2002, 2010 and 2018. The data were used to analyze the settlement change. Meanwhile, the analysis of changes in land values using the land value zones map of 2002, 2010 and land value zones map of 2018 obtained from field survey results. This method will be assisted with field observations conducted in 2018, with the aim of giving an overview use changes that occur from these results, analyzed the effect of the settlement change on land value change in East Ungaran District as a result of Semarang - Solo toll road development.
Analysis of Landslide Susceptibility of Belandingan Village, Songan A Village and Songan B Village of Kintamani, Bangli, Indonesia
Authors: Pradnyasari N M D , Wiyanti  , Kusmawati T
Published: August 2019

The research conducted in order to find out how the susceptibility for landslides in the village of Belandingan, Songan A Village and Songan B Village. Scoring and overlay method used to determine the results of landslide susceptibility in the study area. Parameter used as the basis for overlay and scoring are soil types, rainfall data, structural geology, landform, slope and land use map. From the overlay result, 41 land unit were mapped on the research area. Based on scoring and GIS analysis, there are 4 classes of landslide susceptibility including not susceptible, low susceptibility, moderate susceptibility and high susceptibility. Most area of study area are are included as low susceptibility and medium susceptibility. Meanwhile high susceptibility mainly concentrated on the ancient caldera on west part of Batur Lake. Belandingan, Songan A and Songan B villages have various levels of landslide susceptibility, starting from this non-susceptible category, covering land units 34 and 39. Low susceptibility on land units 26, 29, 25, 23, 21, 38, 3, 12 and 11. While on land units 36, 30, 31, 32, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 4, 20, 40, 24, 6, 13, 2, 37, 7, 8, 9, 27.10, 22, 41, 1.5 and high susceptibility on land units 33, 18, 35, 28. The no susceptibility class mainly located in Songan A and Songan B Village with total area 94,405 Ha. Low susceptibility class are located mainly in Songan A Village with small amount in Songan B Village with total area 1196.768 Ha. Moderate susceptibility class located in all with total area 1866.346 Ha. High landslide susceptibility class located mainly in Songan B Village with small amount in Belandingan Village and Songan A Village with total area 339,979 Ha.
Changes of Settlement Environmental Quality in Semarang City Center
Authors: Pigawati B , Yuliastuti N , Mardiansjah F H , Suryani M A
Published: August 2019

City center is the core of a city that was originally used as settlement, it is, further, developed into a center of economic activities and as a center for settlement facilities and infrastructure. The city center area is a city growth center which often experiences rapid changes. The development of the city center has resulted in the conversion of landuse non built up area into a built up area. The wide increase in built up area indicates a reduction in green open space and catchment areas that can cause degeneration in environmental quality. Semarang as the capital of Central Java Province develops quite rapidly. This condition is seen in the increasing of the built up area that functions as a settlement and commercial activities. The development of settlements in the City Center, however, can cause a decline in environmental quality if it is not balanced with a good environmental arrangement and the availability of sufficient facilities. This study aimed to analyze the changes in the quality of the residential environment over 10 years and to determine the typology of the area of the area in the Semarang Tengah District located in the City Center of Semarang. This study used spatial approach by utilizing Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing (GIS/RS) technology. The results of the research showed that there was a change in the quality of the settlement environment in Semarang Tengah District. Settlement areas that experienced a decrease in quality were block settlements in Brumbungan Village and Miroto Village, it was due to reduced vegetation protection and facilities. On the other hand, the quality improvement occurred in Sekayu Village which developed as a commercial area. Settlements in Semarang City Center can be divided into 3 topologies based on the characteristics and quality of the environment
Mapping Unsafety Driving Zone on Trans Semarang Corridor VI to Improve Public Transport Service
Authors: Basuki Y , Rahayu S , Nino B
Published: August 2019

The concept of sustainable transportation has become an agenda for urban areas in both developed and developing countries. One of the implementations in realizing the concept of sustainable transportation is the development of mass public transportation facilities. Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) is one of the modes considered suitable for developing cities such as Semarang named Trans Semarang. To ensure the sustainability of the BRT, good planning and operation and maintenance are required. In the operation of BRT safety driving behaviour is believed to make the BRT safe and reliable for passenger. This research is intended to know the behaviour of the driver in operating the BRT. From driver’s behaviour and onboard survey can be classified the level safety driving the operation of BRT in Semarang. Safety driving level assessment was conducted on a sample of the BRT fleet. The analysis is done by making the level of safety driving divided into high, medium and low. At medium and low level, it can be said un safety driving and conducted analysis of the cause. Furthermore, spatial analysis is done to map the areas that have low levels. From the mapping results can be concluded which areas have medium and low safety driving level and what causes it. From these conclusions, recommendations for BRT performance improvement can be formulated
Flood Waste Management Preparedness Indicators: Learning from Semarang Flood 1990s
Authors: Maryono M , Harningtyas F
Published: August 2019

Flood waste such as waste generating after flood, see inundation, high rains must be handling quickly and proper. The acceleration of management is one of key point in the following respond and reconstruction. Since Flood waste treatment, need more than 30 % of emergency budget, the performance should be improved. This research proposed a method to set indicators in disaster waste management preparedness. By using GIS and SPPS statistical tools this research examine some basic indicator for independent variable namely normal waste generation, number of temporary waste collection, number of informal waste picker, demography, waste infrastructure, and governmental program and the dependent variable is waste treated and recycle. Semarang 1990s flood is selected study to examine the model. model result shown that all indicators are possible to set as basic indicators for flood waste management preparedness.
Citizen Preference on Arrangement of Slum Area in Banjarmasin Riparian Zone
Authors: Nugroho A R , Ritohardoyo S , Muta’ali L , Hasibuan H S
Published: August 2019

The city of Banjarmasin has a strategic function as a center of trade growth and social services. Along with the population growth and housing needs, people tend to use the riparian zone (river border area) as a place to live. One of the river border settlement areas in Banjarmasin City that grows organically is the area around Martapura River, Kelurahan Pasar Lama. As the impact of that way of life, many people become victims of flood disaster when the rainy season arrived. The purpose of this study is to know the preference of the slum dwellers for staying or moving from the slums of Pasar Lama area. The slum dwellers were offered with two options: move (relocate) or stay (land consolidation). The population chosen was a prosperous household. The sample selection was using the purposive technique. The research was designed by mixed method. Quantitative data collection was done through survey. Quantitative data processing was editing and tabulation, and quantitative research was carried out using factor analysis. The qualitative data were collected by Indepth - Interview and FGD. Based on the analysis results, it is known that slum dwellers chose the option to keep staying in Pasar Lama slum area with the highest preference related to the ease of accessibility to trade and service facilities, with an average value of 4.63. This is reinforced by the existence of various types of trading facilities and services that facilitate residents to meet their needs without the need to get out of the area. In addition, there was a tendency for activity in most slum dwellers to visit the trading facilities, both malls and shopping centers as their primary livelihood.
Fragmented Urbanization and the Dynamic of Urban Services: The case of school provision in Metropolitan Surakarta
Authors: Mardiansjah F H , Rahayu P
Published: August 2019

Urbanization has brought rapid changes globally and locally. Although cities still only cover very little percentage of global or regional land area, the increasing concentration of population within cities has transformed most of the human processes in many aspects including economic, social, spatial and cultural aspects. As cities grow, the urban population is also growing and transforms the spatial formation of the city as well as its activities. In many developing countries, including in Indonesia, the growing urban population and activities are not only bringing internal restructuration of the cities but also the extended spatial formation of the cities to the surroundings that usually belong to different authorities. The extended spatial formation is not only in order to meet the requirement of the economic and productive processes, but also in dealing with the need of social and consumption process. The growth Surakarta shows the process of metropolitanization of medium sized city in Indonesia that extends to the surrounding areas. Using a time series analysis with GIS, this paper analyzed the urbanization process in Surakarta that leads into a fragmented metropolitanization which also characterized by a pressure in the urban services provisions. This process needs to be understood as urbanization process is also a major contributors that shape the resource allocation and consumption. For the cases of Indonesia, which are also characterized by a fragmented urbanization process in the growth of its cities, the understanding of this process will be beneficial for the formulation of sustainable urbanization strategies in the future.