bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing cancer differentiation with synthetic MRI examinations via generative models: a systematic review
Authors: Dimitriadis Avtantil , Trivizakis Eleftherios , Papanikolaou Nikolaos , Tsiknakis Manolis , Marias Kostas
Published: December 2022

Contemporary deep learning-based decision systems are well-known for requiring high-volume datasets in order to produce generalized, reliable, and high-performing models. However, the collection of such datasets is challenging, requiring time-consuming processes involving also expert clinicians with limited time. In addition, data collection often raises ethical and legal issues and depends on costly and invasive procedures. Deep generative models such as generative adversarial networks and variational autoencoders can capture the underlying distribution of the examined data, allowing them to create new and unique instances of samples. This study aims to shed light on generative data augmentation techniques and corresponding best practices. Through in-depth investigation, we underline the limitations and potential methodology pitfalls from critical standpoint and aim to promote open science research by identifying publicly available open-source repositories and datasets.
Unpacking the police patrol shift: observations and complications of “electronically” riding along with police
Authors: Simpson Rylan , Bell Nick
Published: December 2022

As frontline responders, patrol officers exist at the core of policing. Little remains known, however, about the specific and nuanced work of contemporary patrol officers and their shift characteristics. Drawing upon computer-aided dispatch (CAD) data for a random sample of 60 patrol shifts, we empirically analyse the activities of patrol officers working in a Canadian police agency. Our analyses reveal several interesting findings regarding the activities of patrol officers, the nature and prevalence of calls for service attended by such officers, and the temporal patterns of different patrol shifts. We discuss our results with respect to both criminological research as well as policing practice. We also highlight the complications and implications of using electronic police records to empirically study officer activity.
Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter pittii is adapting to and exhibiting potential succession aboard the International Space Station
Authors: Tierney Braden T. , Singh Nitin K. , Simpson Anna C. , Hujer Andrea M. , Bonomo Robert A. , Mason Christopher E. , Venkateswaran Kasthuri
Published: December 2022

Background

Monitoring the adaptation of microorganisms to the extreme environment of the International Space Station (ISS) is crucial to understanding microbial evolution and infection prevention. Acinetobacter pittii is an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen, primarily impacting immunocompromised patients, that was recently isolated from two missions aboard the ISS.

Results

Here, we report how ISS-associated A. pittii (n = 20 genomes) has formed its own genetically and functionally discrete clade distinct from most Earth-bound isolates (n = 291 genomes). The antimicrobial susceptibility testing of ISS strains and two related clinical isolates demonstrated that ISS strains acquired more resistance, specifically with regard to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins, despite no prediction of increased resistance based on genomic analysis of resistance genes. By investigating 402 longitudinal environmental and host-associated ISS metagenomes, we observed that viable A. pittii is increasing in relative abundance and therefore potentially exhibiting succession, being identified in >2X more metagenomic samples in back-to-back missions. ISS strains additionally contain functions that enable them to survive in harsh environments, including the transcriptional regulator LexA. Via a genome-wide association study, we identified a high level of mutational burden in methionine sulfoxide reductase genes relative to the most closely related Earth strains.

Conclusions

Overall, these results indicated a step forward in understanding how microorganisms might evolve and alter their antibiotic resistance phenotype in extreme, resource-limited, human-built environments.
Integrated multi-omics of the gastrointestinal microbiome and ruminant host reveals metabolic adaptation underlying early life development
Authors: Yan Xiaoting , Si Huazhe , Zhu Yuhang , Li Songze , Han Yu , Liu Hanlu , Du Rui , Pope Phillip B. , Qiu Qiang , Li Zhipeng
Published: December 2022

Background

The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiome of ruminants and its metabolic repercussions vastly influence host metabolism and growth. However, a complete understanding of the bidirectional interactions that occur across the host-microbiome axis remains elusive, particularly during the critical development stages at early life. Here, we present an integrative multi-omics approach that simultaneously resolved the taxonomic and functional attributes of microbiota from five GIT regions as well as the metabolic features of the liver, muscle, urine, and serum in sika deer (Cervus nippon) across three key early life stages.

Results

Within the host, analysis of metabolites over time in serum, urine, and muscle (longissimus lumborum) showed that changes in the fatty acid profile were concurrent with gains in body weight. Additional host transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis revealed that fatty acidβ-oxidation and metabolism of tryptophan and branched chain amino acids play important roles in regulating hepatic metabolism. Across the varying regions of the GIT, we demonstrated that a complex and variable community of bacteria, viruses, and archaea colonized the GIT soon after birth, whereas microbial succession was driven by the cooperative networks of hub populations. Furthermore, GIT volatile fatty acid concentrations were marked by increased microbial metabolic pathway abundances linked to mannose (rumen) and amino acids (colon) metabolism. Significant functional shifts were also revealed across varying GIT tissues, which were dominated by host fatty acid metabolism associated with reactive oxygen species in the rumen epithelium, and the intensive immune response in both small and large intestine. Finally, we reveal a possible contributing role of necroptosis and apoptosis in enhancing ileum and colon epithelium development, respectively.

Conclusions

Our findings provide a comprehensive view for the involved mechanisms in the context of GIT microbiome and ruminant metabolic growth at early life.
The psychometric properties of the Vietnamese Version of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire
Authors: Nguyen Hang T. M. , Nguyen Hoang V. , Bui Thai T. H.
Published: December 2022

Background

Although recent decades have witnessed a growing interest in mindfulness with the development of many mindfulness scales and their adaptation to different cultures, there has been no attempt at developing or adapting a mindfulness scale for Vietnamese people. To fill this gap and encourage the study of mindfulness in Vietnam, we adapted a 20-item short-form of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ-20) into Vietnamese, which we called the FFMQ-V, and examined its psychometric properties in a series of three independent studies.

Methods

In Study 1, using a college sample (N = 412) we conducted several exploratory factor analyses to elucidate the factor structure of the FFMQ-V. In Study 2, using an independent college sample (N = 344) we performed a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the goodness-of-fit for all obtained factor models from Study 1. In this study, we also examined the discriminant validities of the FFMQ-V by correlating mindfulness and other related psychological constructs, including acceptance, nonattachment, depression, anxiety, and stress. In Study 3, we replicated all data analyses in Study 2 using a community sample of young adults (N = 574).

Results

Across all Studies, our results indicated that the hierarchical five-factor model with method factors best captured the latent structure of the FFMQ-V. Our results also showed that the mindfulness facets met our expectations as they correlated positively with the acceptance and nonattachment and negatively with the depression, anxiety, and stress.

Conclusions

In aggregate, our EFA and CFA results provided strong evidence for the hierarchical five-factor model with method factors in both community and college samples, suggesting that the FFMQ-V can be used to measure trait mindfulness of the Vietnamese young adults.
Magnetic and gravity modeling and subsurface structure of two geothermal fields in the UAE
Authors: Saibi Hakim , Amrouche Mohamed , Batir Joseph , Gabr Amir , Fowler Abdel-Rahman
Published: December 2022

There are two low-enthalpy geothermal systems along the eastern border of the United Arab Emirates: Ain Khatt (Khatt City, Ras Al Khaimah Emirate) and Green Mubazzarah–Ain Faidha (GMAF) (Al-Ain City, Abu Dhabi Emirate). The hot springs are likely to be meteoric waters fed through deep-seated faults that intersect the geothermal reservoirs at 2.6–3.8 km depth. Gravity and magnetic data were analyzed by gradient (horizontal derivative “HD”, and improved normalized horizontal tilt angle “INH”), and separately 3D modeled to image the subsurface structure of the two UAE geothermal systems. Bouguer anomalies in GMAF and Ain Khatt range from − 14.2 to 8.09 mGal and − 169.3 to − 122.2 mGal, respectively. Magnetic intensities in GMAF and Ain Khatt vary from 39,327 to 44,718 nT and 43,650 to 44,653 nT, respectively. The UAE hot springs (GMAF and Ain Khatt) are located in mainly high HD and INH regions, which reflect significant discontinuities in the basement rock, such as faults or lithological contacts. A joint inversion of magnetic and gravity data, through Artificial Neural Network (ANN) modeling, was performed to explore and interpret the 3D density and magnetic susceptibility variations. Results show that the hot springs in both geothermal systems are associated with intersecting geological contacts and fault zones. The Green-Mubazzarah–Ain Faidha hot springs may be connected at depth.
Awareness of Palestinian Women About Breast Cancer Risk Factors: A National Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Elshami Mohamedraed , Usrof Faten Darwish , Alser Mohammed , Al-Slaibi Ibrahim , Okshiya Heba Mahmoud , Ghithan Roba Jamal , Shurrab Nouran Ramzi Shaban , Ismail Islam Osama , Mahfouz Ibtisam Ismail , Fannon Aseel AbdulQader , Qawasmi Malak Ayman Mousa , Hawa Mona Radi Mohammad , Giacaman Narmeen , Ahmaro Manar , Zaatreh Rula Khader , AbuKhalil Wafa Aqel , Melhim Noor Khairi , Madbouh Ruba Jamal , Abu Hziema Hala Jamal , Lahlooh Raghad Abed-Allateef , Ubaiat Sara Nawaf , Jaffal Nour Ali , Alawna Reem Khaled , Abed Salsabeel Naeem , Abuzahra Bessan Nimer Ali , Abu Kwaik Aya Jawad , Dodin Mays Hafez , Taha Raghad Othman , Alashqar Dina Mohammed , Mobarak Roaa Abd-al-Fattah , Smerat Tasneem , Abu-El-Noor Nasser , Bottcher Bettina
Published: December 2022

PURPOSE

This study aimed to assess awareness of Palestinian women about breast cancer (BC) age-related and lifetime risks and its risk factors and to identify factors associated with good awareness.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Adult women were recruited from government hospitals, primary health care centers, and public spaces in 11 governorates in Palestine. Recognition of 14 BC risk factors was assessed using a translated-into-Arabic version of the validated BC awareness measure. The level of BC risk factor awareness was determined on the basis of the number of risk factors recognized: poor (0-4), fair (5-9), and good (10-14).

RESULTS

Of 6,269 potential participants approached, 5,434 agreed and completed the questionnaire (response rate = 86.7%). A total of 5,257 questionnaires were included: 2,706 from the West Bank and Jerusalem and 2,551 from the Gaza Strip. Only 173 participants (3.3%) recognized the age-related risk of BC. More than one quarter (n = 1,465; 27.9%) recognized the lifetime risk of BC. The most recognized modifiable risk factor was not breastfeeding (n = 4,937; 93.9%), whereas the least recognized was having children later on in life or not at all (n = 1,755; 33.4%). The most recognized nonmodifiable risk factor was radiation exposure (n = 4,579; 87.1%), whereas the least recognized was starting the periods at an early age (n = 1,030; 19.6%). In total, 2,024 participants (38.4%) demonstrated good BC risk factor awareness. Participants from the Gaza Strip had a higher likelihood than participants from the West Bank and Jerusalem to have good awareness (42.0% v 35.2%). Age ≥ 40 years, postsecondary education, and visiting hospitals and primary health care centers were all associated with an increase in the likelihood of having good BC risk factor awareness.

CONCLUSION

The awareness of BC risk factors was suboptimal. These findings highlight the need for implementing health education programs combined with consistent use of ad hoc opportunities to raise awareness by health care providers.
Fidelity optimized multiparty quantum teleportation protocol with quantum Shor codes and OSPF method in imperfect local operations
Authors: Li J. X. , Wang Z. M. , Shi S. S. , Li Y. N. , Shang R. M. , Gu Y. J.
Published: December 2022

Relying on the probabilistic nature and entanglement property of quantum state, quantum communication will support the theoretically unconditional security and computational efficiency beyond that of classical communication. In this article, we present a fidelity optimized quantum teleportation protocol for multiparty quantum network communication. Firstly, a special transmission mechanism ensures the secure establishment of the channel between the communicators. Secondly, the quantum information is encoded by Shor codes to resist channel noise. Thirdly, the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) method is of help for establishing the channel between non-adjacent communicators. In this protocol, the special transmission mechanism guarantees the security of quantum communication. The Shor codes improve the fidelity of quantum information. The OSPF method ensures efficient transmission. The effectiveness of the protocol is verified by experiments. Experimental results show that this protocol provides effective qubit fidelity improvements within the range of noise thresholds of

. Compared with existing quantum communication protocols, this protocol has better reliability and fidelity performance.
Differential configurational entropy for multi-field of the ϕ
6 theory
Authors: Lima F. C. E. , Almeida C. A. S.
Published: December 2022

The topological structures of a ϕ
6 theory with multi-field are studied. The ϕ
6 theory is interesting because it is a theory that allows the shrinkage of topological structures generating double-kink or even multi-kink configurations. In this work, we consider and study the solutions of a two real scalar fields model. To reach our purpose, we investigate the BPS properties of the fields using the approach proposed by Bogomol'nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield. Using the BPS energy density, the differential configurational entropy (DCE) of the BPS structures is studied. The result of the DCE indicates the most likely field configuration of one of the topological sectors of the model.
Assessing the expansion and success of a restored population of Gongolaria barbata (Stackhouse) Kuntze (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) using high-precision positioning tools and size distribution frequencies
Authors: GRAN ALICIA , MOVILLA JUANCHO , BALLESTEROS ENRIC , SALES MARTA , BOLADO IGNACIO , GALOBART CRISTINA , CEFALÌ MARIA ELENA
Published: December 2022

Ongoing human pressures over recent decades have caused the loss and ensuing impoverishment of the complexity and diversity of Mediterranean habitats dominated by algal species of the order Fucales. Gongolaria barbata, a habitat-forming Fucales species that has disappeared in several places across the Mediterranean, was reintroduced in a cove (Cala Teulera, Maó Bay, Menorca) where it was known to have been locally extinct for more than 40 years. Reintroduction was performed in 2011 using innovative non-destructive techniques. Here we describe the expansion patterns of the population ten years after its reintroduction, and we look at the size-structure distribution of the restored population compared to one of the only natural populations known in Spain (Fornells Bay, Menorca). Newly settled individuals exhibit a progressive dispersal pattern from restoration sites, favouring rocky substrates at the shallowest level parallel to the shore. The area occupied by G. barbata has increased by almost three orders of magnitude in ten years, from approximately 3.6 m2 of the initially restored area to a current restored area of 2093 m2. Recruits and juveniles dominate the restored population but some individuals have reached large size classes, the overall size distribution resembling the reference population. The high-resolution cartography included in our study enables an accurate mid to long-term assessment of the expansion of G. barbata. Incorporating such tools in restored marine forests would facilitate the implementation of efficient management policies that will help reinforce their conservation
Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among dental healthcare providers: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chenna Deepika , Pentapati Kalyana C , Kumar Mathangi , Madi Medhini , Siddiq Hanan
Published: December 2022

Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are common in dentistry due to the prolonged static work involved during patient care, making dental health care personnel vulnerable to musculoskeletal complaints. We aimed to pool the prevalence estimates of MSD among various dental healthcare providers, including dentists, dental students, dental hygienists, and auxiliaries.

Methods: A systematic search of five databases was performed (Scopus, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source). The studies that reported the prevalence of MSD among dental healthcare workers and those written in English were selected. Screening and data extraction were performed by two review authors independently. Discrepencies were resolved by another review author. Risk of bias assessment was done using a nine-item questionnaire developed by Hoy et al. Pooled estimates were calculated using meta-analysis of proportions (random effects model).

Results: Among the 3090 publications screened, 234 publications were included for full-text screening. Meta-analysis was performed for 89 estimates from 88 publications. Females showed significantly higher prevalence [OR = 1.42 (95% CI = 1.09–1.84); I2 = 66.02; N = 32]. The analysis yielded a pooled estimate of 78.4% (95% CI = 74.8–82). The meta-regression showed similar prevalence over the years (Coefficient: 0.001; P-value: 0.762).

Conclusions: A high prevalence of MSD was noted among dental healthcare providers, with about seven out of ten having experienced MSD in the past. This emphasizes the need for awareness and adoption of appropriate ergonomic postures by dental healthcare providers from early in their careers to minimize work-related MSD.
General anaesthetics reduce acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cell migration and homing in vitro and in vivo via CXCR4 and osteopontin mediated mechanisms
Authors: Jiang Cui , Gonzalez-Anton Sara , Li Xiaomeng , Mi Emma , Wu Lingzhi , Zhao Hailin , Zhang Ge , Lu Aiping , Lo Celso Cristina , Ma Daqing
Published: December 2022

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common type of cancer in children. General anaesthetics are often used on patients undergoing painful procedures during ALL treatments but their effects on ALL malignancy remain unknown. Herein, we aim to study the effect of two commonly used general anaesthetics, intravenous propofol and inhalational sevoflurane, on the migration and homing of ALL cells in vitro and in vivo.

Methods: NALM-6 cells were treated with propofol (5 and 10 μg/ml) or sevoflurane (3.6%) in vitro for six hours. Then, cells were harvested for flow cytometry analysis. For in vitro migration experiments, NALM-6 cells were pre-treated with propofol and sevoflurane for six hours before being loaded onto the upper chamber of a migration chamber and cells were collected in the lower chamber after six hours of migration. For in vivo adhesion assays, NALM-6 cells were pre-treated with propofol and sevoflurane before an adhesion assay was carried out. In in vitro experiments, GFP-NALM-6 cells were pre-treated with propofol (10 μg/ml) or sevoflurane (3.6%) for six hours. Then, cells were injected intravenously to C57BL/6 female mice followed by intravital microscopy.

Results: Both anaesthetics reduced in vitro migration, in vivo migration and in vivo homing as exemplified by 1) the reduction in the number of cells entering the bone marrow and 2) the disturbance in homing location in relation to the nearest endosteal surface. Our results indicated that general anaesthetics reduced the surface CXCR4 expression. In addition, the adhesion of leukaemia cells to thrombin cleaved osteopontin (OPN) was reduced by general anaesthetics. Those changes might result in the alterations in migration and homing.

Conclusion: Together, our data suggest that both propofol and sevoflurane could reduce ALL migration and homing in vivo and in vitro via CXCR4 and OPN mediated mechanisms.
Comparison of gender, age, and body mass index for spatiotemporal parameters of bilateral gait pattern
Authors: Abualait Turki , Ahsan Mohammad
Published: December 2022

Background: Studies on the gaits parameters have been identified on the patient population. Most researchers confirm that the patients walk differently than normal people and they may have a greater risk of falls. Consistent finding and description of gender, age, and body mass index differences in gait studies is rare in healthy subjects. 

This research was performed to compare spatiotemporal parameters of gait between gender, as per their age and body mass index level.  

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with forty-five young adults (F=20, M=25). Stadiometer and Physilog 4 inertial sensors were used for data collection. A gait analyzer 5.2 software (GaitUp, S.A. Lausanne, Switzerland) was used to determine spatiotemporal parameters.  

Results:  Females were found with higher mean score of total double support and cadence than males. Cadence also increases with age. Obese people showed lower gait speed, cadence, and total double support. No statistically significant differences were found in any bilateral foot gait parameters with respect to gender, age, and body mass index.

Conclusion: The findings of the study may be beneficial to those who have abnormal gait pattern due to age, body mass index differences, decreased muscle strength, spasticity, and joint mobility. This important information should be considered to rehabilitate patients with abnormal gait patterns to controlling dynamic balance and risk of falling.
The Information in Asset Fire Sales
Authors: Huang Sheng , Ringgenberg Matthew C. , Zhang Zhe
Published: December 2022

Asset prices remain depressed for years following mutual fund fire sales, but little is known about the causes of these price drops. We show that asymmetric information generates price pressure during fire sales. We separate trades into expected trades, which assume fund managers scale down their portfolio, and discretionary trades. We find that discretionary trades contain fundamental information, whereas expected trades do not. Moreover, other traders cannot distinguish between discretionary and expected trades. Our findings help explain the magnitude and persistence of fire sale discounts: fund managers choose which assets to sell, and information asymmetries make it difficult for arbitrageurs to disentangle price pressure from fundamental information.

This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.

Supplemental Material: Data and the internet appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4585 .
Distal third clavicle fractures
Authors: Raval Parag , See Abbas , Singh Harvinder P. ,   on behalf of the Distal Third Clavicle Collaborative
Published: December 2022

Aims

Distal third clavicle (DTC) fractures are increasing in incidence. Due to their instability and nonunion risk, they prove difficult to treat. Several different operative options for DTC fixation are reported but current evidence suggests variability in operative fixation. Given the lack of consensus, our objective was to determine the current epidemiological trends in DTC as well as their management within the UK.

Methods

A multicentre retrospective cohort collaborative study was conducted. All patients over the age of 18 with an isolated DTC fracture in 2019 were included. Demographic variables were recorded: age; sex; side of injury; mechanism of injury; modified Neer classification grading; operative technique; fracture union; complications; and subsequent procedures. Baseline characteristics were described for demographic variables. Categorical variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages.

Results

A total of 859 patients from 18 different NHS trusts (15 trauma units and three major trauma centres) were included. The mean age was 57 years (18 to 99). Overall, 56% of patients (n = 481) were male. The most common mechanisms of injury were simple fall (57%; n = 487) and high-energy fall (29%; n = 248); 87% (n = 748) were treated conservatively and 54% (n = 463) were Neer type I fractures. Overall, 32% of fractures (n = 275) were type II (22% type IIa (n = 192); 10% type IIb (n = 83)). With regards to operative management, 89% of patients (n = 748) who underwent an operation were under the age of 60. The main fixation methods were: hook plate (n = 47); locking plate (n = 34); tightrope (n = 5); and locking plate and tight rope (n = 7).

Conclusion

Our study is the largest epidemiological review of DTC fractures in the UK. It is also the first to review the practice of DTC fixation. Most fractures are being treated nonoperatively. However, younger patients, suffering a higher-energy mechanism of injury, are more likely to undergo surgery. Hook plates are the predominantly used fixation method followed by locking plate. The literature is sparse on the best method of fixation for optimal outcomes for these patients. To answer this, a pragmatic RCT to determine optimal fixation method is required. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(12):953–959.
Discomfort as a sign of authentic engagement and progress in company gender equality work
Authors: Herstad Maja
Published: December 2022

Gender equality work in organisations has been criticised for weak results and an unclear political agenda. Studies on such work that put emotions at the centre are rare. The aim of this article is to examine the relationship between feelings of discomfort and practical gender equality work in companies, in projects which are facilitated by external gender experts in collaboration with company employees. Interviews and project documents from four companies involved in a regional gender equality project in Sweden form the empirical basis. Findings show that there was an aspiration to feel discomfort about inequality, among both gender experts and company employees, which was also embedded in recurring practice aiming for feeling and interpreting inequality. The discomfort among interviewees can be understood as signalling both authentic engagement and progress, but may also clash with specific organisational emotion norms and lead to problems associated with individualising responsibility. The article shows the import of discomfort and related emotions in gender equality work, and can be used for critical reflections on and realignment of ideas that inform these efforts.
Frau pagès i pressió senyorial. El cas de la Vall d’en Bas a Catalunya, segle xvi
Authors: Antoni Padrós Joan
Published: December 2022

La força de l’exacció feudal es contraposa a una debilitat estructural: el control de la producció està en mans dels pagesos. Només a partir d’una anàlisi microhistòrica podem entendre els mecanismes de frau i ocultació de la pagesia (estratègies individuals o col·lectives, nivell social dels protagonistes) i valorar la resposta senyorial (pressió a través dels seus oficials o dels arrendataris, repressió, actualització o invenció de drets), en un context en què la comunitat rural s’esqueixa (endeutament, accés a la terra) i la pressió senyorial té fugues internes (els intermediaris) i es confronta als interessos d’altres senyors veïns. Aquest article fa un acostament a aquest conflicte a la Vall d’en Bas durant el segle xvi creuant dades notarials i curials per entendre les diverses estratègies i els interessos dels protagonistes.
Influence of the multilayer dielectric mirror design on the laser damage growth in the sub-picosecond regime
Authors: Diop Saaxewer , Chorel Marine , Lavastre Éric , Roquin Nadja , Gallais Laurent , Bonod Nicolas , Lamaignère Laurent
Published: December 2022

The peak power of high-power laser facilities is limited by the laser-induced damage to the final optical components. Also, when a damage site is generated, the damage growth phenomenon limits the lifetime of the component. Many studies have been performed to improve the laser-induced damage threshold of these components. The question now arises as to whether improvement of the initiation threshold leads to a reduction of the damage growth phenomenon. To address this question, we performed damage growth experiments on three different multilayer dielectric mirror designs exhibiting different damage thresholds. We used classical quarter-wave designs and optimized designs. The experiments were carried out with a spatial top-hat beam, spectrally centered at 1053 nm with a pulse duration of 0.8 ps in

s

- and

p

-polarization. The results showed the impact of design on the improvement of the damage growth thresholds and a reduction of the damage growth rates. A numerical model was used to simulate damage growth sequences. The results reveal similar trends to those observed experimentally. On the basis of these three cases, we have shown that improvement of the initiation threshold through a modification of the mirror design can lead to the reduction of the damage growth phenomenon.
Deep learning-based optical authentication using the structural coloration of metals with femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures
Authors: Hwang Taek Yong , Cho Jongweon , Kim Yong-dae , Park Tae Hoon , Son Jung Eon , Kang Jeongjin , Lee Byounghwak
Published: December 2022

Structurally colored materials present potential technological applications including anticounterfeiting tags for authentication due to the ability to controllably manipulate colors through nanostructuring. Yet, no applications of deep learning algorithms, known to discover meaningful structures in data with far-reaching optimization capabilities, to such optical authentication applications involving low-spatial-frequency laser-induced periodic surface structures (LSFLs) have been demonstrated to date. In this work, by fine-tuning one of the lightweight convolutional neural networks, MobileNetV1, we investigate the optical authentication capabilities of the structurally colorized images on metal surfaces fabricated by controlling the orientation of femtosecond LSFLs. We show that the structural color variations due to a broad range of the illumination incident angles combined with both the controlled orientations of LSFLs and differences in features captured in the image make this system suitable for deep learning-based optical authentication.
Development of a deviated focusing-based optical coherence microscope with a variable depth of focus for high-resolution imaging
Authors: Saleah Sm Abu , Seong Daewoon , Wijesinghe Ruchire Eranga , Han Sangyeob , Kim Shinheon , Jeon Mansik , Kim Jeehyun
Published: December 2022

The aim of this study was to develop an optically deviated focusing-based variable depth-of-focus (DOF) oriented optical coherence microscopy (OCM) system to improve the DOF in high-resolution and precise focused imaging. In this study, an approach of varying beam diameter using deviated focusing was employed in the sample arm to enhance the DOF and to confirm precise focusing in OCM imaging. The optically deviated focusing technique was used to vary the focal point and DOF by altering the sample arm beam. The efficacy of the variable DOF imaging approach utilizing an optimized sample arm was confirmed by tissue-level imaging, where OCM images with varying DOF were obtained using deviated focusing. Experimentally confirmed lateral resolution of 2.19 µm was sufficient for the precise non-invasive visualization of abnormalities of fruit specimens. Thus, the proposed variable DOF-OCM system can be an alternative for precisely focused, high-resolution, and variable DOF imaging by improving the DOF in minimum lateral resolution variation.
Evolution of optical vortices in gradient media and curved spaces
Authors: Yin Yuhang , Duan Qilin , Li Jing , Qiu Chengwei , Chen Huanyang
Published: December 2022

Light propagation in gradient media and curved spaces induce intriguing phenomena, such as focusing and self-imaging, thus delivering a wide range of applications. However, these systems are limited to excitations without orbital angular momentum, which may produce unforeseen results. Here, we demonstrate the reconstructions (or called imaging to some extent) of optical vortices (OVs) in two-dimensional (2D) gradient media and three-dimensional (3D) curved spaces. We present the evolution of OVs in two types of generalized Maxwell fisheye (GMFE) lenses from the perspective of geometrical and wave optics, and use coherent perfect absorbers (CPAs) to better recover the OVs in the converging position. Furthermore, we also demonstrate such phenomena in two types of 3D compact closed manifolds—sphere and spindle—which are also called geodesic lenses. Surprisingly, the results we obtained in 3D curved spaces can be seen as a strong verification of the Poincaré–Hopf theorem. Our work provides a new, to the best of our knowledge, platform to investigate the evolution of OVs on curved surfaces.
Variable optical true-time delay line breaking bandwidth-delay constraints
Authors: Petrini Matteo , Seyedinnavadeh Seyedmohammad , Grimaldi Vittorio , Milanizadeh Maziyar , Zanetto Francesco , Ferrari Giorgio , Morichetti Francesco , Melloni Andrea
Published: December 2022

Continuously variable true-time optical delay lines are typically subject to a constraint of the bandwidth-delay product, limiting their use in several applications. In this Letter, we propose an integrated topology that breaks the bandwidth-delay product limit. The device is based on multiple Mach–Zehnder Interferometers (MZIs) arranged in parallel, providing easier control and a larger bandwidth compared to ring resonator-based solutions. The functionality of this architecture is demonstrated with a 4-stage delay line by performing measurements in both the time and frequency domains. The delay line introduces a delay of 90 ps over a bandwidth of more than 22 GHz with a negligible group delay distortion, operates on a wavelength range of about 60 nm, and is scalable to a higher number of MZI stages.
Metabolic reprogramming in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblasts: A hybrid modeling approach
Authors: Aghakhani Sahar , Soliman Sylvain , Niarakis Anna
Published: December 2022

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by a highly invasive pannus formation consisting mainly of Synovial Fibroblasts (RASFs). This pannus leads to cartilage, bone, and soft tissue destruction in the affected joint. RASFs’ activation is associated with metabolic alterations resulting from dysregulation of extracellular signals’ transduction and gene regulation. Deciphering the intricate mechanisms at the origin of this metabolic reprogramming may provide significant insight into RASFs’ involvement in RA’s pathogenesis and offer new therapeutic strategies. Qualitative and quantitative dynamic modeling can address some of these features, but hybrid models represent a real asset in their ability to span multiple layers of biological machinery. This work presents the first hybrid RASF model: the combination of a cell-specific qualitative regulatory network with a global metabolic network. The automated framework for hybrid modeling exploits the regulatory network’s trap-spaces as additional constraints on the metabolic network. Subsequent flux balance analysis allows assessment of RASFs’ regulatory outcomes’ impact on their metabolic flux distribution. The hybrid RASF model reproduces the experimentally observed metabolic reprogramming induced by signaling and gene regulation in RASFs. Simulations also enable further hypotheses on the potential reverse Warburg effect in RA. RASFs may undergo metabolic reprogramming to turn into "metabolic factories", producing high levels of energy-rich fuels and nutrients for neighboring demanding cells through the crucial role of HIF1.
Dating death
Authors: Ermida Catarina , Cunha Eugénia , Ferreira Maria Teresa
Published: December 2022

The estimation of the postmortem interval (PMI), particularly the late time since death, is a crucial issue when dealing with human remains. Its establishment is an important task for forensic scientists since it has important legal implications such as identifying a victim or prosecuting an offender. However, dating death is a very complex and challenging task due to the amount of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, that may influence the rate and nature of body decomposition. Many methods have been used to estimate PMI, from classical decomposition methods to entomological and botanical methods or more recently physics and biochemical methods.

This paper reviews current forensic dating methods, focusing especially on forensic anthropological techniques. Nevertheless, the existing literature is insufficient, denoting a lack of effective methods to achieve an accurate and reliable PMI estimation and further investigation is required. A holistic approach, where every element must be considered, is the key to achieving a reliable estimation of PMI. Interdisciplinarity is thus mandatory, allied with the capacity of forensic anthropologists to denote all the details.
Comentário: comunicação, democracia e mudança social em tempos de crise – desestabilizar os poderes, desmontar injustiças
Authors: Fenton Natalie
Published: December 2022

Este comentário reflete sobre as condições reais para uma política democrática e o que isso significa para os estudos dos media e da comunicação quando tentamos dar sentido às estruturas e à natureza da comunicação, às condições das democracias em todo o mundo e às possibilidades de mudança social em tempos de crise. Para tal, será necessário que nos concentremos nas relações de poder – quer no exercício de poder como domínio, quer no potencial do poder constitutivo dos sujeitos enquanto agentes livres. O poder enquanto domínio leva-nos a interrogar a imbricação estrutural das injustiças num contexto social, político e económico mais amplo, a fim de compreender o que poderia ser feito não só para desestabilizar o poder, mas também para desmantelar injustiças.
Parâmetros proximais da polpa de umbu (Spondias tuberosa Arr. Cam.) comercializada no município de Guanambi, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Silva Silvania Lopes da , Souza Ezequiel Victor Nogueira de , Couto Luzia Almeida , Moreira Edinilda de Souza , Landim Lucas Britto , Rusciolelli Luciano Bertollo , Cafieiro Cinara Soares Pereira
Published: December 2022

Spondias tuberosa pertencente a família Anacardiaceae, é uma espécie frutífera muito apreciada pela população humana e animal. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo principal avaliar a composição centesimal da polpa de umbu originária do município de Guanambi-Bahia. O estudo foi realizado no município de Guanambi, Estado da Bahia, Brasil em 2021. A polpa do fruto foi adquirida comercialmente congelada nos mercados locais. As análises proximais foram realizadas para: teores de umidade, cinzas, proteína, lipídios, fibra bruta real e carboidratos, segundo as normas analíticas do Instituto Adolfo Lutz. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram alta taxa de umidade e bons teores de fibras com 1,95% e de carboidratos com 5,67%. Conclui-se que os parâmetros avaliados de umidade, cinzas, proteínas, lipídeos, fibras e carboidratos para a polpa do umbu, apresentaram pequenas variações quando comparados com os valores relatados por diversos autores que estudaram o assunto. Os resultados obtidos foram próximos ao que estabelece a Tabela Brasileira de Composição de Alimentos.
Real-World Evidence Comparing Vedolizumab and Ustekinumab in Antitumor Necrosis Factor-Experienced Patients With Crohn's Disease
Authors: Kappelman Michael D. , Adimadhyam Sruthi , Hou Laura , Wolfe Audrey E. , Smith Samantha , Simon Andrew L. , Moyneur Érick , Reynolds Juliane S. , Toh Sengwee , Dobes Angela , Parlett Lauren E. , Haynes Kevin , Selvan Mano , Ma Qianli , Nair Vinit , Burris Jessica , Dorand Jennifer E. , Dawwas Ghadeer K. , Lewis James D. , Long Millie D.
Published: December 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Many patients with Crohn's disease (CD) lose response or become intolerant to antitumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy and subsequently switch out of class. We compared the effectiveness and safety of ustekinumab to vedolizumab in a large, geographically diverse US population of TNF-experienced patients with CD.

METHODS:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using longitudinal claims data from a large US insurer (Anthem, Inc.). We identified patients with CD initiating vedolizumab or ustekinumab with anti-TNF treatment in the prior 6 months. Our primary outcome was treatment persistence for >52 weeks. Secondary outcomes included (i) all-cause hospitalization, (ii) hospitalization for CD with surgery, (iii) hospitalization for CD without surgery, and (iv) hospitalization for infection. Propensity score fine stratification was used to control for demographic and baseline clinical characteristics and prior treatments.

RESULTS:

Among 885 new users of ustekinumab and 490 new users of vedolizumab, we observed no difference in treatment persistence (adjusted risk ratio 1.09 [95% confidence interval 0.95–1.25]). Ustekinumab was associated with a lower rate of all-cause hospitalization (adjusted hazard ratio 0.73 [0.59–0.91]), nonsurgical CD hospitalization (adjusted hazard ratio 0.58 [0.40–0.83]), and hospitalization for infection (adjusted hazard ratio 0.56 [0.34–0.92]).

DISCUSSION:

This real-world comparative effectiveness study of anti-TNF-experienced patients with CD initiating vedolizumab or ustekinumab showed similar treatment persistence rates beyond 52 weeks, although secondary outcomes such as all-cause hospitalizations, nonsurgical CD hospitalizations, and hospitalizations for infection favored ustekinumab initiation. We, therefore, advocate for individualized decision making in this medically refractory population, considering patient preference and other factors such as cost and route of administration.
TINJAUAN HISTORIS-SOSIOLOGIS PERKAWINAN ADAT MASYARAKAT SAMIN DI BETU REJO SUKOLILO PATI JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Wahyuni Sri
Published: December 2022

Tulisan ini membahas tentang Perkawinan adat masyarakat Samin yang berbeda dengan model perkawinan yang telah diatur dalam Undang-undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan, terutama dalam tatacara perkawinan, batas usia perkawinan dan perkawinan mereka tidak dicatatkan. Perbedaan tata cara perkawinan tersebut, dikarenakan dasar hukum agama yang berbeda. Dasar hukum pelaksanaan perkawinan adat Samin adalah ajaran leluhurnya, yaitu agama Adam, yang mereka pedomani hingga saat ini. Ajaran leluhur nenek moyangnya juga tidak mencatatkan perkawinan, sehingga mereka juga tidak berkehendak untuk mencatatkan perkawinannya. Masyarakat Samin secara historis pada masa kolonial merupakan perkumpulan orang-orang yang melakukan perlawanan terhadap penjajah Belanda saat itu, dengan dipimpin oleh tokohnya yaitu Samin Suryosentiko. Saat ini telah terjadi persegeran di masa kemerdekaan, mereka tidak lagi melakukan perlawanan, karena mereka tidak lagi diperintah oleh penjajah. Perkawinan masyarakat Samin ini masih mengunakan model perkawinan adat mereka yang tidak dicatatkan, karena masyarakat ini memegangi ajaran leluhurnya secara turun temurun.
Artificial intelligence based prediction models for rubber compounds
Authors: Uruk Zeynep , Kiraz Alper
Published: December 2022

In the rubber industry, rheometric properties are critical in defining processing times and temperatures. These parameters of rubber compounds are determined by time-consuming and expensive laboratory studies performed in a rheometer. Artificial intelligence approaches, on the other hand, may be used to estimate rheometric properties in seconds without the need for any samples or laboratory experiments. In this research, artificial neural network, Gaussian process regression, and support vector regression techniques are used to predict minimum and maximum torque, 30% and 60% cure time of a rubber compound using both process parameters and raw material composition as input. The dataset comprises 1128 batches of the selected rubber compound. A detailed sensitivity analysis is performed to determine the best performing hyperparameters and the prediction performances are expressed as mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). Minimum, maximum, and average MAPE values are presented for each artificial intelligence technique. Besides this research contributes to fill the gap in rubber industry literature, the results obtained also strongly improve the existing literature results.
Energy Properties of 22 Timber Species from Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Ruiz-Aquino Faustino , Fuente-Carrasco Mario Enrique , Rutiaga-Quiñones José Guadalupe , Aquino-Vásquez Ciro , Suárez-Mota Mario Ernesto , Santiago-García Wenceslao , Jiménez-Mendoza María Elena
Published: December 2022

The potential use of forest species as fuels depends on their energy quality. However, in rural communities in developing countries, fuelwood is still an energy source without any technical study evaluating its energetic characteristics. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the energetic characteristics of 22 forest species from four communities in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico. The basic wood density, proximal analysis, and high heating value were evaluated. As a result of the analysis, the fuel number (FN) is proposed as a measure of the energy quality of biomass fuels in the form of firewood. FN considers the basic wood density, the fixed carbon, and the high heating value of each species. Wood basic density ranged from 0.472 g·cm-1 for Pinus pseudostrobus to 0.814 g·cm-3 for Dodonaea viscosa, fixed carbon ranged from 4.74% to 21.27% for Liquidambar styraciflua and Quercus rugosa, respectively, and high heating value from 18.33 MJ·kg-1 to 22.07 MJ·kg-1 for Liquidambar styraciflua and Pinus leiophylla, respectively. Classifying wood according to FN, in decreasing order, Quercus rugosa stands out as the best wood (66.97%), followed by Liquidambar styraciflua (39.52%). Regarding the fuel value index, the nine pine species showed the highest values (27.32 to 77.76). The FN provides a measure of the quality of biomass fuels in the form of firewood, and can be evaluated by easily measured variables.