bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Héroes, machos o, simplemente, hombres: una mirada a la representación audiovisual de las (nuevas) masculinidades / Heroes, Machomen or, Just Men: A Look at the Audiovisual Representation of the (New) Masculinities
Authors: Zurian Hernández Francisco A.
Published: June 2023

El presente texto indaga en la evolución de la representación de los hombres en el audiovisual (cine y televisión) y cómo dicha representación ha evolucionado desde las representaciones del macho patriarcal a representaciones de nuevas masculinidades, fuera de la influencia de la ideología patriarcal, plurales, no universalistas y con nuevos modelos de hombres.Palabras clave: género, hombres, masculinidades, audiovisual, cine, televisión.AbstractThis text analyzes the representation of men in the cinema and television, paying special attention to the ways in which it has evolved since the `patriarchal macho´ to the new types of masculinity; the latest, a new concept far from the influence of the patriarchal ideology, being plural, concrete and proposing new models of men.Keywords: gender, men, masculinities, audiovisual, cinema, television.
Bailarinas del cine egipcio: de la "edad de oro" a la marginalización / Dancers in Egyptian Cinema. From ‘Golden Era’ to Marginalization
Authors: Bracco Carolina
Published: June 2023

Este artículo examina la imagen proyectada de las bailarinas en el cine egipcio a través del análisis de tres papeles en la carrera de la bailarina egipcia más famosa de todos los tiempos: Tahia Carioca. El contexto en el que se enmarcan las películas analizadas incluye el último período dela monarquía del rey F?r?q (1946-1952), la revolución de los Oficiales Libres (1952) y el régimen de Gamal Abdel Nasser (1953-1970), y concluye con la muerte de Nasser en 1970, dando comienzo a una nueva era de cambios sociales y políticos en Egipto. Consideramos los cambios socio-políticos y sus repercusiones en la arena cultural no solo como contexto sino también como parte de una relación dialéctica que influyó en la imagen de las bailarinas y que se evidencia en tres películas protagonizadas por Tahia Carioca: El juego de la mujer (1946), Mi amor moreno (1958) y Cuidado con Zuzu (1972). Del análisis de sus papeles en estas tres películas, en relación con su contexto, surge nuestro argumento, a saber: que los cambios socio-políticos acontecidos en Egipto en este periodo de tiempo se han proyectado –y han cambiado– la imagen de la bailarina, quien es vista primero como una trabajadora (1946), luego una mujer demonio(1958) y finalmente como una marginal (1972).Palabras clave: sociedad egipcia, bailarinas, imagen, marginalización, cine.AbstractThis study examines the projected image of dancers in Egyptian cinema through the analysis of three roles in the career of the most famous Egyptian dancer of all time: Tahia Carioca. The historical background for the studied films includes the last period of the King Farouk monarchy (1946-1952), the revolution of the Free Officers Movement (1952), and the Nasser regime(1953-1970), and ends with Nasser’s death, when a new social and political era started to blossom in Egypt. I consider the socio-political changes and their cultural repercussions not only as context but also as part of a dialectic relationship that affected the portrayal of dancers in three films featuring Tahia Carioca: The Lady’s Puppet (1946), My Dark Darling (1958),and Pay Attention to Zuzu (1972). By examining her roles in the three films, I argue that sociopolitical changes in Egypt have been projected in –and changed– the image of the dancer, who is first seen as a working-woman (1946), then as an evil-woman (1958), and finally as a marginalized person (1972).Keywords: Egyptian society, dancers, portrayal, marginalization, cinema.
Disparos en el ghetto: en torno a la migración de la imágenes de archivo / Shooting in the Ghetto. On the Migration of Film Footage
Authors: Sánchez-Biosca Vicente
Published: June 2023

En 2010, un documental germano-israelí –A Film Unfinished– recuperaba enigmáticos planos rodados por un equipo de cineastas alemanes (Propaganda Kompanien) en el ghetto de Varsovia durante la primavera de 1942. Una porción considerable de estos planos que el Ministerio de Propaganda de Goebbels decidió no utilizar por confusas razones ya había circulado profusamente en films anteriores, desde los años 50. Depositados en los archivos de la DEFA, habían sido utilizados a contrario en primer lugar por cineastas de la RDA y de la DDR: tratando de denunciar a sus autores. Dicho de otro modo, las imágenes llamadas a denigrar a los judíos servían para denunciar a sus autores, convirtiéndose en eficaz arma del antifascismo. También Frédéric Rossif acudió a ellas en Le temps du ghetto. El presente ensayo analiza las estrategias de apropiación de este material bruto en distintas épocas en relación con las premisas estéticas, éticas, políticas de distintos autores y movimientos para concluir sobre la forma de representar víctimas tomando como fuente la imagen producida por el odio de sus enemigos. Así, se pasa revista a su montaje, su aligeramiento, su relación con testimonios vivos, su conducción a través de una voice over narration, entre otras cosas.Palabras clave: Documental de apropiación, imagen de archivo, migración de imágenes, cinee historia, ghetto de Varsovia, cine nazi.AbstractIn 2010, a German-Israeli documentary entitled A Film Unfinished recovered some enigmatic footage shot by a team of German filmmakers (Propaganda Kompanien) in the Warsaw ghetto during the spring of 1942. A considerable portion of these shots had circulated widely in previous films from the 50s, even though the Minister of Propaganda, Joseph Goebbels, decided not to use them for confusing reasons. Shelved in the DEFA archives, they were used by anti-nazi film makers to denounce their authors. In other words, these images called to denigrate Jews served to denounce the perpetrators, becoming an effective weapon of anti-fascism. Frederic Rossif also assisted them in Le temps du ghetto. This paper analyzes the strategies of appropriation of such raw material at different periods of film history in regard with the aesthetic, ethical, and political attitudes in order to conclude on how to represent victims using as source the image produced by the hatred of their enemies. In this sense, the essay looks into the composition, the editing and especially the relationship these shots entertain with other strategies such as the living testimonies, and the use of the voice over narration.Keywords: re-apropiation in documentary, film footage, migration of images, cinema and history, Warsaw ghetto, Nazi cinema.
Violencia y transnacionalidad en el cine latinoamericano contemporáneo: sobre Carancho (P. Trapero, 2010) y Los bastardos (A. Escalante, 2008) / Violence and Transnationalism in Contemporary Latin-American Cinema: Carancho (P. Trapero, 2010) and Los bastardos (A. Escalante, 2008)
Authors: Lie Nadia , Mandolessi Silvana
Published: June 2023

Este artículo analiza la representación de la violencia en dos películas latinoamericanas: Carancho (Pablo Trapero, 2010) y Los bastardos (Amat Escalante, 2008). Las películas escogidas ejemplifican los principales canales de distribución para el cine latinoamericano actual: el de difusión masiva (Carancho) y el del cine de festival (Los bastardos). A pesar de esta diferencia, ambas películas denotan la transnacionalización en curso en el medio cinematográfico: en el caso de Carancho esta implica la apropiación de un género norteamericano (el film noir) y en el de Los bastardos lleva a un diálogo implícito con el cine de Michael Haneke, un director europeo. En ambos casos, la imagen de la violencia que resulta de este diálogo transnacional destaca las mismas características que se suelen atribuir a la violencia en el nuevo contexto dela globalización: es anárquica, estructural y deja a los verdaderos responsables fuera de foco.Palabras clave: violencia, cine transnacional, film noir, film de festival, Argentina, México, globalización.AbstractThis article examines how violence is represented in two Latin American films: Carancho (Pablo Trapero, 2010) and Los bastardos (Amat Escalante, 2008). These films exemplify the two main distribution channels for contemporary Latin American cinema, namely massive distributionand film festivals respectively. Both films show how the ongoing transnationalization process affects the medium of film: Carancho appropriates the North American genre of the film noir; Los bastardos engages in an implicit dialogue with European director Michael Haneke. In both cases, the resulting image of violence is characterized by its anarchistic and structural dimension and by the fact that it leaves the ones who carry final responsibility out of the picture. These characteristics are related to the ‘new’ violence that specialists on the topic see arising in the context of contemporary globalization.Keywords: violence, transnational cinema, film noir, festival film, Argentina, Mexico, globalization.
Nacionalismo y globalización en el cine indio contemporáneo: la cuestión del desarrollo como seña de identidad / Nationalism and Globalization in Contemporary Indian Cinema: the Development Motif as an Identity Marker
Authors: Gupta Dipankar
Published: June 2023

La componente nacionalista del cine indio ha estado siempre a la orden del día y sigue estándolo en la actualidad, ya sea en el marco de películas bélicas, anticolonialistas o, simplemente, que apelan de manera enfática a la vigencia y pervivencia de la cultura, la tradición y los valores indios en un mundo crecientemente globalizado. En los últimos años, sin embargo, muchas de estas películas han pasado relativamente desapercibidas mientras que otras, que exploran de forma consistente la asociación entre nacionalismo y desarrollismo, subrayando el enorme potencial de la India contemporánea en un cambiante contexto internacional, han cosechado grandes éxitos y se han convertido incluso en una suerte de subgénero de la producción comercial de Bollywood. Este nacionalismo de nuevo cuño, de corte abiertamente desarrollista, refleja en realidad los profundos cambios que se están produciendo actualmente en la sociedad india y está en consonancia con las grandes transformaciones a que está sometido también el mercado cinematográfico indio, cada vez más estratificado y dependiente para sus rendimientos de sectores acomodados y aun diaspóricos del público.Palabras clave: Bollywood, nacionalismo, desarrollismo, orientalismo, público.AbstractThe nationalist factor has been a constant presence in Indian cinema and continues to be so to this day, be it in war films, anticolonial movies or simply in those films that stress the validity and permanence of the Indian values, culture and traditions in an increasingly globalized world. In the last few years, however, many of these movies have gone relatively unnoticed while others that explore the links between nationalism and development, underlying the enormous potential of contemporary India in an ever changing international context, have resulted in big hits and have become a sort of subgenre in the commercial production of Bollywood. This new brand of nationalism-cum-developmental undertones reflects the profound changes that are taking place in the Indian society, and runs parallel to the big transformations that the Indian film market is undergoing –a market increasingly stratified and dependent on the upper urban classes and the diaspora for box office revenues.Keywords: Bollywood, Nationalism, Development, Orientalism, Audience.
Nuevas propuestas, viejos circuitos: el papel de los festivales de cine españoles en la consolidación de los nuevos realizadores / New Proposals, Old Circuits. The Role of Spanish Film Festivals in the Consolidation of New Directors
Authors: Jurado Martín Montserrat , Nieto Martín Alberto
Published: June 2023

El artículo tiene por objeto la revisión de los festivales de cine en España como plataforma de los nuevos realizadores desde tres perspectivas. Por una parte, la actualización de la cartografía de los certámenes que se celebran en el territorio nacional, tratando de conocer aspectos como su distribución en función del lugar en el que se celebran, las fechas en las que tienen lugar, formatos admitidos a concurso, contenidos y temáticas. Un segundo aspecto está relacionado con el tratamiento que reciben actualmente los festivales en los medios de comunicación y conocer el valor que se da a esta manifestación cultural. Finalmente, este texto incluye un análisis de las funciones que tradicionalmente le son atribuidas a los festivales de cine y, en concreto, al cumplimiento como plataforma de nuevos realizadores.Palabras clave: festivales de cine en España, cartografía de festivales, funciones de festivales, nuevos realizadores, medios de comunicación.AbstractThe purpose of this article is to examine the film festivals in Spain as a platform for new filmmakers from three perspectives. First, we want to update the festival map in Spain. Probably this is the most important essence of this work. We offer information about the cities and the towns where they take places, as well as the date of celebration of these events, supported formats to competition, thematic to competition and other contents. A second aspect is related to the treatment currently receiving at media. This research aims to establish a relationship with other cinematographic content in those same media. This text includes an analysis of the functions traditionally attributed to film festivals and, particular, accomplishment as a platform for new filmmakers.Keywords: Spanish film festivals, festivals map, festivals functions, new filmmakers, mass media.
Interactions between cationic polyelectrolyte and pulp fines
Authors: Orblin E. , Fardim P.
Published: June 2023

Papermaking pulps are a mixture of fibres, fibre fragments, and small cells (parenchyma or ray cells), usually called pulp fines. The interactions between pulp fines and a cationic copolymer of acrylamide and acryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride were investigated based on solid-liquid isotherms prepared under different turbulence, and subsequent advanced surface characterization using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The surface charge and surface area of pulp fine substrates were measured by methylene blue sorption-XPS analysis and nitrogen adsorption combined with mercury porosimetry, respectively. The driving force behind polyelectrolyte adsorption was the amount of the surface anionic charge, whereas surface area appeared to be of less importance. Based on a comparison of solid-liquid and XPS sorption isotherms, different polyelectrolyte conformations were suggested, depending on the types of fines: A flatter conformation and partial cell-wall penetration of polyelectrolytes on kraft fines from freshly prepared pulp, and a more free conformation with extended loops and tails on lignocellulosic fines from recycled pulp. Additionally, ToF-SIMS imaging proved that recycled pulp fines contained residual de-inking chemicals (primarily palmitic acid salts) that possibly hinder the electrostatic interactions with polyelectrolytes.
Lignocellulose nanocomposite containing copper sulfide
Authors: Nenkova Sanchi , Velev Peter , Dragnevska Mirela , Nikolova Diyana , Dimitrov Kiril
Published: June 2023

Copper sulfide-containing lignocellulose nanocomposites with improved electroconductivity were obtained. Two methods for preparing the copper sulfide lignocellulose nanocomposites were developed. An optimization of the parameters for obtaining of the nanocomposites with respect to obtaining improved electroconductivity, economy, and lower quantities and concentration of copper and sulfur ions in waste waters was conducted. The mechanisms and schemes of delaying and subsequent connection of copper sulfides in the lignocellulosic matrix were investigated. The modification with a system of 2 components: cupric sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4. 5H2O) and sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate (Na2S2O3.5H2O) for wood fibers is preferred. Optimal parameters were established for the process: 40 % of the reduction system; hydromodule M=1:6; and ratio of cupric sulfate pentahydrate:sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate = 1:2. The coordinative connection of copper ions with oxygen atoms of cellulose OH groups and aromatic nucleus in lignin macromolecule was observed.
Use of aluminum trihydrate filler to improve the strength properties of cellulosic paper exposed to high temperature treatment
Authors: Chen Hua , Chen Kefu , Yang Rendang , Yang Fei , Gao Wenhua
Published: June 2023

Cellulosic paper is thermolabile and its strength properties tend to decrease under high temperature conditions. In this work, the effects of aluminum trihydrate filler on the tensile and burst strength of paper prepared from bleached wood pulps were investigated. The use of aluminum trihydrate maintained the tensile and burst strength of paper sheet dried at 200 °C for 4 hours. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry gave the evidence that the maintainance of strength after drying associated with the use of aluminum trihydrate filler is possibly due to the increase in degradation temperature and heat absorption of cellulosic paper. The results regarding Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, and the () and crystallinity index of fibers indicated the alleviated degradation of fibers when aluminum trihydrate was incorporated into the paper matrix.
Mild alkaline treatment activates spruce wood for enzymatic processing: A possible stage in bio-refinery processes
Authors: Wang Yan , Lindström Mikael E. , Henriksson Gunnar
Published: June 2023

The structure of wood is so compact that enzymes are too large to penetrate into the structure and thereby attack the wood components for modifications that can be valuable for various purposes. Here we present a pretreatment method based on traditional kraft pulping, which opens the wood structure, so that enzymes are able to attack the wood components. To study this kind of chemical pretreatment, spruce wood samples were treated at similar conditions used in kraft cooking at varying intensities (H-factors). To verify if the structure was “opened” for enzymes, the pretreated wood samples were incubated with a cellulolytic culture filtrate, and the released reducing sugar concentration after the enzymatic hydrolysis was measured. The results indicated that un-pretreated wood fibers could not be attacked by the enzymes, but already relatively mild pretreatment was sufficient for letting the culture filtrate attack wood polysaccharides, and more intensive treatments opened the structure further. The mildest treatments did not cause any significant yield losses of lignin (Klason lignin). Some galactogluco-mannans were however lost during the pretreatments. The mechanisms behind the effect and the technical significance of the method are discussed.
Characterization of alkaline lignins for use in phenol-formaldehyde and epoxy resins
Authors: El Mansouri Nour-Eddine , Yuan Qiaolong , Huang Farong
Published: June 2023

Besides polyurethanes and polyesters, phenolic and epoxy resins are the most prominent applications for technical lignins in thermosetting materials. To evaluate the potential application of lignin raw materials in phenol formaldehyde and epoxy resins, three types of alkaline lignins were characterized in terms of their structures and thermal properties. The lignin samples analyzed were kraft lignin (LIG-1), soda–rice straw lignin (LIG-2), and soda-wheat straw lignin (LIG-3). FTIR and 1H-NMR methods were used to determine their structure. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) was used to determine the molecular weight distribution (MWD). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to measure the glass transition temperature (Tg), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to determine the thermal stability of lignin samples. Results showed that kraft lignin (LIG-1) has moderate hydroxyl-group content, is rich in G-type units, and has good thermal stability. These properties make it more suitable for direct use in phenol formaldehyde resins, and it is therefore a good raw material for this purpose. The alkaline soda-rice straw lignin (LIG-2) with a high hydroxyl-group content and excellent thermal stability is most suited to preparing lignin-based epoxy resins.
Assessing changes in the U.S. hardwood sawmill industry with a focus on markets and distribution
Authors: Espinoza Omar , Buehlmann Urs , Bumgardner Matthew , Smith Bob
Published: June 2023

The U.S. hardwood sawmilling industry has experienced significant changes over the past decade. A slowing housing industry, competition from imported products, higher transportation costs, and high stumpage prices have changed the business of manufacturing and marketing hardwood lumber. Also, hardwood lumber buyers are changing their business practices by shortening lead times, requiring a more customized product, and buying smaller lumber quantities to cut costs and increase operational flexibility. A survey of hardwood lumber manufacturers was conducted in the fall of 2009 to assess changes and adaptations within the industry. Among respondents, average hardwood lumber sales decreased by 13.2 percent during the study’s focus period from 2004 to 2008. Respondents also identified a change in customer demand with smaller, more frequent orders becoming more common. Moreover, the species mix shifted, with red oak losing considerable market share. Intermediaries, such as hardwood lumber distributors, were able to capture more of the industry’s business. Respondents identified the slowing housing market and high energy costs as major factors affecting their businesses. While the survey’s responses reflected the extremely challenging economic conditions, industry participants are aggressively adapting their businesses and pursuing new opportunities with the understanding that markets will eventually recover.
The effect of surfactants application on soda pulping of wheat straw
Authors: Ghafarzade Mollabashi Omid , Reza Saraeian Ahmad , Resalati Hossein
Published: June 2023

This paper details the effects of two non-ionic surfactants, ELA-7 and PEG 1500, on the soda pulping of wheat straw. The results showed that application of either surfactant improved the pulp yield and decreased the screen rejects. The increase in pulp yield at similar kappa number may be due to higher selectivity of delignification affected by surfactant, which can act as a co-solvent. Addition of ELA-7 to cooking liquor didn’t have significant effect on paper properties. But a significant effect was observed with PEG 1500. In fact, it caused a decrease in burst and tensile index but increased the tear index, probably because of a debonding effect of the surfactant. In addition, application of both surfactants improved brightness for both unbleached and bleached pulp samples.
Plasticizing cell walls as a strategy to produce wood-plastic composites with high wood content by extrusion processes
Authors: Wang Qingwen , Ou Rongxian , Shen Xiaoping , Xie Yanjun
Published: June 2023

A challenge in producing wood-plastic composites (WPCs) with a high wood content using extrusion processes is the poor processability, which gives rise to inadequate properties of the resulting WPC. Plasticizing the stiff wood cell walls can be a strategic response to this challenge. Two thoughts are addressed herein on improving the plasticity of wood particle cell walls: use of ionic liquids or use of low molecular weight organic thermal conductors. An ionic liquid can dissolve the cell wall surface and therefore reduce the stiffness of cell wall during an extrusion process. Organic thermal conductors can be incorporated into the cell wall (bulking) to improve the thermal conductivity, thereby sufficiently softening the lignin, a native plasticizer embedded in the cell walls. The potential issues that may arise as a result of these approaches are also presented and discussed.
Effect of hardwoods characteristics on kraft pulping process: Emphasis on lignin structure
Authors: Santos Ricardo B. , Capanema Ewellyn A. , Balakshin Mikhail Yu. , Chang Hou-Min , Jameel Hasan
Published: June 2023

In an attempt to explain variations in delignification behaviors among different hardwood species, the kraft pulping delignification rates of Eucalyptus urograndis, E. nitens, E. globulus, sweet gum, maple, red oak, birch, red alder, cottonwood, and acacia were obtained and correlated with their respective lignin chemical structures. Since H-factor for hardwood is calculated based on the softwood activation energy (Ea) value, a comparison between softwood vs. hardwood activation energy was also performed. Lignin was isolated by a modified isolation protocol, using alkaline pretreatment of the wood prior to isolation. The lignin preparations were analyzed via quantitative 13C NMR spectroscopy. Substantial variations were found among the hardwood species studied. A linear correlation between the kraft delignification rate and the amount of syringyl units was found. Activation energy values obtained for kraft pulping of hardwoods were very similar and almost identical to the value obtained for softwood. Birch was the only species with outlier behavior.
Mechanical properties, water absorption, and swelling behaviour of rice husk powder filled polypropylene/recycled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (PP/NBRr/RHP) biocomposites using silane as a coupling agent
Authors: Santiagoo Ragunathan , Ismail Hanafi , Hussin Kamarudin
Published: June 2023

The performance of rice husk powder (RHP) filled polypropylene (PP)/ recycled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBRr) biocomposites with and without coupling agent, γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APS), were investigated. The composites with different RHP filler loading (0 to 30 phr) were prepared in a Haake internal mixer. Mechanical properties, swelling behavior, and water absorption of PP/NBRr/RHP were studied. Increasing RHP loading in PP/NBRr/RHP biocomposites increased processing torque, tensile modulus, water absorption, and swelling in oil but decreased the tensile strength and elongation at break of the biocomposites. The γ-APS treated RHP composites exhibited higher processing torque, tensile strength, and tensile modulus but lower elongation at break when compared to untreated RHP composites. This is due to strong bonding between γ-APS treated RHP filler and PP/NBRr matrices. These findings were well supported by micrographs from the morphology studies. The γ-APS treatment on RHP improved the adhesion between RHP fiber and PP/NBRr polymer matrices, which led to less water and oil absorption into PP/NBRr/RHP/ biocomposites.
Fiber reinforced soy-based polyurethane spray foam insulation. Part 1: Cell morphologies
Authors: Khazabi Mustafa , Gu Ruijun , Sain Mohini
Published: June 2023

Environmentally friendly polyurethane (PU) spray foam insulation was prepared by substituting petrochemical polyol with soy-based polyol. The effects of adding wood fiber and water on the cell morphologies were studied. Cell size increased with the presence of wood fiber, but it decreased with an increase of water (H2O). Still, shorter fiber decreased in foam density but increased in cell size and open cell content.
Lugar da Psicologia na Classificação das Ciências
Authors: Souza Wilder Silva de , Filho Lauro de Matos Nunes
Published: June 2023

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Mass Communication as a Part of a Military Strategy: The Military Base of the Russian Federation in Occupied Abkhazia and Management of Local Public Attitudes
Authors: Bokuchava Manon , Shturkhetskyy Serhiy , Zubarieva Mariia , Voitovych Nataliia
Published: June 2023

Aim. The aim of this article is to define and analyse the intention and effects of the use of mass communication and media for military purposes. The authors examine the issue on the example of the Russian Federation and the unrecognized Republic of Abkhazia.
Methods. The method of the research is  a qualitative, discursive analysis of media texts.
Results. The study of the content of information platform sputnik-abkhazia.ru, created by the Russian Federation in Abkhazia, allows us to identify the main messages the above-mentioned platform disseminates and tries to enroot in the local community of Abkhazia. In the messages identified during the study an attempt is shown to convince the local audience of the military “invincibility” of the Russian Federation, a clear discredit of the North Atlantic Alliance (NATO) - and an open attempt to create an icon of the enemy from Georgia and the United States. In this way we see harmful, threatening cooperation of the means of mass media communication against society, carrying out military tasks.
Conclusions. A study of the content of Sputnik-Abkhazia shows a clear example of the use of an information platform for military purposes. Given the current situation, we can argue that the informational efforts that the Russian Federation is making in Abkhazia will soon become a problem, not only for Georgia. Such cooperation between military tasks and information platforms serves to sow fear and mistrust in society, which creates fertile ground to rule the public opinion.
Peer Mediation as a Means of Eliminating Conflict in the School Environment
Authors: Lešková Lýdia , Haburajová Ilavská Lenka
Published: June 2023

Aim. Peer mediation is a tool for the prevention of socio-pathological phenomena occurring in the school environment, is an opportunity to resolve conflicts through reconciliation. The paper focuses on the perception of the importance of peer mediation and on the presentation of the results of a questionnaire survey, the aim of which was to determine the respondents’ preferences after completion of the project process.
Methods. The aim of the questionnaire survey was to determine how pupils and students perceive peer mediation. The survey sample consisted of selected pupils from 6 primary schools aged 10 to 15 years and students from 6 secondary schools aged 15 to 18 years. The questionnaire was completed at the beginning (year 2020 - N = 189, including 90 primary school pupils) and end of the project implementation (year 2021 - N = 124, including 56 primary school pupils).
Results. The responses in the entry and exit questionnaires, the respondents declared after participating in the project process an increase in their experience with peer mediation, expressed an interest in becoming peer mediators and resolving personal and school conflicts through peer mediation.
Conclusion. Peer mediation engages pupils in a common dialogue to resolve conflicts at school through reconciliation and is a suitable way to prevent undesirable social phenomena in the school environment. The results of the research showed that respondents preferred peer mediation and perceived it as an appropriate form of conflict resolution in the school environment.
Methods of Re-Education of Specific Learning Disorders
Authors: Weiss Ervin , Akimjaková Beáta , Paľa Gabriel , Biryukova Yulia Nickolaeva
Published: June 2023

Aim. In a qualitative empirical exploration, the authors use case study research to identify opportunities for re-education of specific learning disabilities in two cases. They identify and analyse the methods and organisation of teaching and the intervention plan for change. They evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention procedures and highlight specific practical experiences of educators in working with pupils.
Methods. The study analyses and interprets the risk of specific learning disabilities, identifies specific learning disabilities. In an empirical qualitative investigation, the authors use case studies and case studies that highlight two types of specific learning disabilities.
Results. The studies confirm that specific developmental learning disabilities affect the lives not only of the pupils themselves, the parents, but not least the educators in the teaching process. The authors analyse and identify specific re-education methods in the implementation of the teaching process, pointing out the difficulty of solving the problem and unlearning special educators.
Conclusion. The authors point out the need for selection of different methods of re-education of learning disorders on the basis of the individuality of the pupil, but also on the basis of different forms of solving problem areas in terms of recommendations of the special educator and the actual implementation of the teaching process by the educator.
Correlation Between Time Perspective and Defense Mechanisms of Ukrainian Students During the War
Authors: Lazurenko Olena , Tertychna Nadiya , Smila Nataliia
Published: June 2023

Aim. The article is aimed at proving the hypothesis that there are significant correlations between the defense mechanisms and the perception of time perspective in young people under the conditions of war.
Methods. The study was held in May 2022 with the involvement of students who were relocated to the west of Ukraine from the eastern regions due to active hostilities. The following research methods were used: survey; psychological testing (Life Style Index, Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory); statistic analysis.
Results. The study shows that the most common defense mechanisms of young people during the war are: repression, projection and displacement. At the same time, men use the defense mechanism of projection more often than women, and women are more prone to regression. It is determined that young people during the war are the least oriented towards the future. Also, there are very few who would perceive the past negatively.
Conclusion. The data obtained during the research indicate the need to develop a program of psychological support for young people during the war, which would allow: to develop awareness of one's own experiences, defense mechanisms, ways of ecologically living through traumatic experience; to form a healthier attitude to time, which would include planning for the future at least for the short term and would contribute to increasing motivation for life and self-development.
Psychological Determinants of Social Dependency in Elderly People During the First Months of Russian-Ukrainian War
Authors: Grebin Nataliia , Hrabovska Sofiia , Partyko Tetyana
Published: June 2023

Aim. The aim of the research is to identify changes of psychological determinants of elderly people’s inclination to social dependency during the first month of Russian-Ukrainian war in comparison with peace time.
Methods. The research uses methodologies of inclination to demanding behaviour by Hrabovska (2005), emotional intelligence by D. Luisin (2006), personality volitional qualities by Chumakov (2006), adaptive stress abilities by Rozov (2006), psychological well-being by Ryff as adapted by Shevelenkova and Fesenko (2005).
Results. It is identified that during the first months of the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war, inclination of elderly people, who stay in relatively safe conditions in Ukraine, to social dependency does not undergo significant changes in comparison with peacetime. There are changes in the vector of emotional regulation of social dependency: from intrapersonal in pre-war time into interpersonal during the wartime, when importance in understanding the emotions of other people is high consequently, it results in a more active life stance in the elderly. Initiative becomes a leading will regulator, shows far-sightedness of a person. There is activation of coping mechanisms, related to adaptive thinking, sleep and somatic regulation, and they can be considered vital resources for stable mental health preservation at the beginning of a war.
Conclusions. It is recommended to provide psychological support to seniors in finding occupations that help them to realize their capacity for self-sufficiency and create conditions for personal responsibility and assertiveness as the ability to stand for their own rights without violating other people's resources.
Testing and Diagnosing Dyslexia in Adolescents – Focused on Phonemic Awareness
Authors: Žovinec Erik , Duchovičová Jana , Sender Barbora
Published: June 2023

Aim. Phonetic deficits are one of the core language-cognitive symptoms at cognitive level aetiology of dyslexia in variety languages and orthographies. The presented study examines possibilities of diagnosis of phonological deficits in the Slovak language (similar to Czech and Polish grapheme-phoneme rules) in students at upper secondary schools. The comparison of 237 non-dyslectics and 149 dyslectics in upper secondary schools brings new stimulus for diagnostic procedures at counselling centres.
Methods. Four phonemic awareness tests for upper secondary school students (aged 15-20 years) were developed. The testing tasks included tasks on phoneme analysis/segmenting in words and non-words (10), phoneme synthesis/blending in words and non-words (10), phoneme transposition in words and non-words (8), and phoneme elision in non-words (8).
Results. Dyslectics achieved a lower average score in phonemic awareness tests than non-dyslectics. First and second year students (aged 15-17 years) achieved similar average scores, but third and fourth year students (aged 17-20 years) achieved lower results. The t-statistic for the phonological analysis tests was 2.827 with df 56.259 and a p-value of 0.007, indicating a significant difference between the groups under study. The t-statistic for the phonological synthesis tests was -2.568 with df 284 and a p-value of 0.011, also indicating a significant difference between the groups. The t-statistics for the phonological transposition and elision tests indicate that there is no significant difference between the dyslexic and non-dyslexic group.
Conclusion. The study brought several inspirations for the tasks and tests that can be used in the diagnosis and re-diagnosis of dyslexia, specifically for adolescents.
Nomadic Models of Postmodern Aesthetics: Soteriological Choice of the Teacher
Authors: Kondratska Ludmyla , Romanovska Liudmila , Kravchyna Tetiana , Kozachenko Svitlana , Novak Mykola
Published: June 2023

Aim. The aim of the article is to define the concept of aesthetic competence of the nomad teacher of postmodern era based on a comparative analysis of two aesthetic models (metis paraesthetics and soteriological aesthetics).
Methods. The subject of study is anthropotemporal methodology of acquiring aesthetic competence as an act of spiritual transformation (approaches, paradigm, priorities, criteria of effectiveness). The analysis of the stages of nomad’s dianoic choice in the process of understanding beauty as a boon was carried out using the method of epistemological design, according to which emotions function cognitively in aesthetic experience. The technology of spiritual self-coaching was chosen to activate all the structural components of aesthetic competence – the intention to correct aesthetic apperception and the competencies of emotional-reflective, value-semantic, aesthetic and worldview revaluation.
Results. The implementation of the chosen technology opened up the possibility of reorientation for the nomad teacher: from the drive of the performer-trickster to a humble and grateful anticipation of the beauty as transcendent – to overcoming the power of inertia of previous dependence, responses to the calls of a pure (still “adventurous”) mind. A cluster analysis of the results of the completed tasks was carried out for the regression description of the efficiency of the technology.
Conclusion. The soteriological concept of the aesthetic competence of the nomad teacher focuses attention on the essential coexistence of the teacher with students throughout the entire process of his self-determination. The practical experience of its implementation can make a positive contribution to reforming postmodern aesthetic education.
The Divergence of Experts’ Views on a Mentor Competence Profile
Authors: Hašková Alena , Guziurová Tereza , Klimszová Slavomíra , Malá Eva
Published: June 2023

Aim. The paper focuses on the divergence of views of experts from four European educational institutions on key competences, which would become the basis for a successful performance of a mentor position. They should be taken as the key items of a mentor competence profile.
Methods. A panel discussion – specifically, a focus group interview as its alternative form – was used to determine how the experts assessed particular competences of the mentor competence profile, i.e. to identify which competences they considered to be the key ones of the mentor competence profile. The panel discussion was led by six focus groups, members of which were experts representing four different countries from six universities: two from Slovakia and the Czech Republic, and one from Hungary and Serbia.
Results. The intention of the conducted panel discussion was to find a common view and consensus on the key competences required for a successful performance of the mentor position. However, the results of the panel discussion showed a significant divergence of the opinions on the fundamental mentor competences depending on the country the experts were from. Differences in the views on the issue examined by experts representing different institutions from the same country also occurred, but proved to be inconclusive. 
Conclusion. Mentoring is currently considered one of the most important means of developing pedagogical competences of future and novice teachers. The results of the conducted panel discussion may contribute to the creation of a platform on which an adequate professional mentor training can be designed.
ESL Teachers’ Approaches towards the Acceptance of Educational Technology Integration in Non-Formal Education: A Case from Kenya
Authors: Kildė Laura
Published: June 2023

Aim. In efforts to handle the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, language schools in Kenya were forced to organise a smooth transition from physical to virtual classroom by incorporating educational technologies in virtual learning and teaching processes. Such a shift was new to teachers and required additional efforts to master the peculiarities of organising virtual English classes. Thus, this study aims to explore Kenyan ESL teachers’ perspectives towards the acceptance of educational technology integration in non-formal education.
Methods. A qualitative approach was adopted in this study. Eleven teachers from two private foreign language schools participated in semi-structured in-depth interviews, where they answered questions based on the elements of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).
Results. The findings showed that most teachers’ approaches towards the acceptance of educational technologies were mainly positive and they intend to integrate them in their ESL classroom. The results of the qualitative data analysis also demonstrated that age is one of those personal characteristics that might hinder teachers’ willingness to adopt educational technologies while teaching ESL.
Conclusions. This study also found that the variety of adopted educational technologies was not extensive. Therefore, teachers’ awareness, interest, and digital competences should be further developed.
Practical application. The herein presented research findings are of a significant importance for the enhancement of teachers’ competences to apply educational technologies while teaching ESL in Kenya. It also has implications for the practice that is relevant for ESL teachers in non-formal education as well as curriculum organisers.
Keywords: educational technologies, online learning technologies, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), English as a Second Language (ESL), non-formal education
Una mirada al YouTube como espacio de recepción de la protesta social: el caso de Costa Rica en tiempos de COVID-19
Authors: Fournier Ximena Alvarenga , Leandro Ronald Sáenz
Published: June 2023

Este artículo tiene por objeto analizar la recepción de movilización social en Costa Rica, en el contexto de la pandemia por el COVID-19, a partir del espacio de discusión pública online llevada a cabo en la plataforma YouTube. El estudio de caso, con alcance exploratorio y descriptivo, toma una muestra de videos referidos al ciclo de movilización social registrado en octubre de 2020 y parte de un enfoque de métodos digitales, al utilizar técnicas de procesamiento de lenguaje natural (NLP) para la identificación de patrones emotivos, positivos y negativos, en los comentarios de las personas usuarias en torno a estas protestas; así como temas o tópicos dominantes en la discusión en línea, esto a partir de la construcción de un corpus textual de N=5781 comentarios extraídos de los materiales seleccionados. El análisis revela una predominancia generalizada de polaridad negativa en el espacio de recepción a los audiovisuales; además, identifica tres diferentes clústeres temáticos de discusión que permiten dilucidar las tendencias de la conversación en línea, a nivel de las personas usuarias de la plataforma; estos ejes de discusión además presentan congruencias con las asociaciones entre vídeos que genera el algoritmo de recomendación de YouTube. Finalmente, los hallazgos de este artículo sugieren próximas investigaciones basadas en la aplicación de técnicas de NLP para los estudios políticos enfocados en la recepción de los fenómenos sociales desde las opiniones y valoraciones de las personas usuarias en redes sociales.
Ciudadanías desiguales: deliberación política y población penal en Costa Rica
Authors: Beltrán Conejo Vanessa , Alpízar Rodríguez Felipe , Tijerino Meléndez Yessie
Published: June 2023

Este artículo propone un análisis de los resultados del proceso consulta con población penal, que docentes, investigadores-as y estudiantes de la Universidad de Costa Rica llevaron a cabo en el marco de la campaña electoral del 2018. Retomamos los insumos de la consulta en centros penales para analizar (1) el significado político de llevar a cabo un proceso participativo y un debate con candidaturas presidenciales dentro del contexto penitenciario nacional; (2) la desvinculación de los proyectos políticos propuestos en campaña, de las realidades que enfrentan cotidianamente las personas privadas de libertad y (3) las condiciones de (im)posibilidad para el ejercicio de ciudadanía en medio de un contexto político-electoral mediado por discursos políticos punitivistas y conservadores.

Transitamos entre el análisis del contenido de las preguntas, la reconstrucción de contextos y la revisión de literatura especializada para articular nuestros argumentos. Al situar el lente analítico en los contextos penitenciarios, tomamos las reflexiones planteadas por las personas participantes de este proceso para problematizar el carácter generalizado y anónimo con el que tradicionalmente se aborda la discusión sobre la política, la democracia y la ciudadanía durante las elecciones. Argumentamos que, en esta generalización, quedan invisibilizadas las complejas relaciones de poder que hacen que, en efecto, no todas las personas contemos con las mismas posibilidades de ejercer, a plenitud, nuestros derechos fundamentales.
Sobre la necesidad (y la dificultad) de estudiar el Estado penal en Costa Rica. Aportes desde la investigación empírica
Authors: Salazar Araya Sergio
Published: June 2023

El número temático que se presenta surge de experiencias de investigación de, en su mayoría, personas estudiantes que, en el marco de sus procesos de formación académica, en diferentes grados disciplinares de la UCR, convergen en la identificación tanto de un vacío de conocimiento como de una urgencia social e institucional por comprender y transformar el sistema de seguridad, justicia y castigo en el país. Las contribuciones marcan un hito en el estado de conocimiento sobre el tema al aportar un abordaje interdisciplinar sobre aspectos diversos de este complejo arreglo institucional. El balance es oscuro y opaco; lo primero, porque el estado de situación que se refleja en el levantamiento empírico y el análisis de los estudios refleja una amplia y aguda crísis, y lo segundo, pues investigar y estudiar este intrincado y dinámico sistema, dimensión institucional de un estado cada vez menos transparente, resulta un desafío metodológico que poco a poco se torna social y político.