bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospect of Molecular Ecology in Microbial Communities of Biofilms
Authors: Li Miao Wan , Yu Yan Zhen , Feng Yan , Gao Long Long
Published: August 2013

Use the latest molecular ecology to parse the dynamic changes of microbial community in biofilm under a variety of influences, which further reveals microbiological processes in the nitrogen and phosphorus removal reactor, and has great significance to study in-depth simple, efficient, low consumption of nutrient removal technology and its theory. This article described the extraction of total DNA, PCR, DGGE and other common molecular ecology techniques, summarized researches at domestic and foreign, discussed the application prospects of molecular ecology techniques for study of microbial communities in biofilm.
Research on Networking with ZigBee Wireless Sensor Network Technology Following the Energy Strategy
Authors: Zou Guo Liang , Han Jie Ai
Published: August 2013

ZigBee is a kind of new wireless sensor technology, this paper introduces wireless network equipments and network topology based on the ZigBee protocol, and then in the perspective of energy management explores the different time interval of different number of nodes to join the network through a coordinator. Proved by NS2 simulation, to set the best time interval at 0.3s can make the network conflicts least in the process of networking and the total time for all devices to complete networking can be reduced by 61.66% at most, thereby reduce the energy consumption in the process of networking and extend lifecycle of the whole network. This has important practical significance to ZigBee-based wireless sensor network application to extend the network life.
Study of Biaxial Rotational Oscillating Sphere-Block Wear Test
Authors: Liu Yun Fei , Shen Xue Jin , Chen Xiao Yang
Published: August 2013

Based on the motion characteristics of mechanical oscillating parts, a wear test machine is developed with single drive biaxial rotational oscillating, which can effectively simulate multiaxial rotational oscillation of mechanical oscillating parts and take different kinds of friction couplings wear test. Based on this design, the tribological property of easy wearing material in mechanical oscillating parts is studied and corresponding sphere-block test method is established. Pilot test and demonstration are taken to evaluate the sphere-block test method from feasibility, practicality, reliability and economy aspects. The results are meeting test requirements of tribological property under the condition of composite motion.
OTU Plate Heat Countermeasures of Automatic Test Platform Design
Authors: Wang Fang , Zhang Wei
Published: August 2013

By improving the optical module internal thermal test platform for media and increase cooling efficiency, solve LASER_TCT/CCT OTU class plate temperature warning faults such as, and has been tested. Test results showed that the improvement to meet design requirements.
UV-Raman Microscopy on the Analysis of Ultra-Low-K Dielectric Materials on Patterned Wafers
Authors: Huang Maggie Y.M. , Lam Jeffrey C.K. , Tan Hao , Ng Tsu Hau , Dawood Mohammed Khalid Bin , Mai Zhi Hong
Published: August 2013

With the shrinkage of the IC device dimension, Cu and ultra-low-k dielectric were introduced into IC devices to reduce the RC delay. Ultra-low-k dielectrics generally suffer more damage than silicon oxide dielectric during process integration and subsequently cause reliability degradation. Therefore, ultra-low-k damage characterization on Cu damascene structures is of great importance to understand the damage mechanisms. This paper describes the application of UV-Raman microscopy with enhanced spatial resolution and signal sensitivity for characterizing ultra-low-k dielectric in the three-dimension structure of Cu metallization with nanometer feature size. It shows UV-Raman technique has an advantage in analyzing ultra-low-k layer on patterned wafer and extracting ultra-low-k signals from Cu/ultra-low-k mixed structure. UV-Raman is also effective to characterize the ultra-low-k degradation for ultra-low-k related reliability analysis by time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) test.
Improving Tribological Characteristics of Hip Prostheses Using Biocompatible Nanocoatings
Authors: Gheorghe Gheorghe I. , Badita Liliana Laura
Published: August 2013

Total hip prosthesis (THP) is the most success of the 20th century in orthopaedic biomedical engineering. However due to difficult conditions within the human body its durability is generally limited to 15-16 years. THP is a bio-tribosystem, on which many mechanical, thermal, chemical and biological factors act. This paper presents the results of an analysis regarding the topography and tribological parameters of femoral heads structures before and after TiN coating. We report on the synthesis of TiN thin films on steel substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method for improving the mechanical characteristics of the structures. Adhesion resistance of the coating on the sub-layer was evaluated by scratching tests accompanied by Optical Microscopy (OM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). As a principal result, this work points out that TiN protective coatings deposited by PLD technique with the maximum number of pulses can represent an alternative technology to ensure adhesion and scratch resistance of TiN coatings on femoral heads.
The Discussion on Land Layout Mode of Low Carbon Block Based on Inhibiting Mobility
Authors: Chen Jin Fu , Luo Chao , Sun Liang Wen
Published: August 2013

Along with the transformation of Chinas economic development and industrial structure, the concept of low carbon development becomes more and more important in Chinas constructions in cities. Block, as the basic unit of city structure, is the important source of travel demands. Through the researches on the scale and functions of the block, the construction of inhibiting mobility low carbon block aims to find a basic layout mode to reduce motorized traffic frequency inside and outside the block. With the impeccable construction of slow traffic system, complete infrastructure facilities and a relative job-housing balance, the residents essential needs can be met within the block by non-motorized traffic. In this way, not only can the motorized transportation needs be reduced, but also the energy can be saved to lessen carbon dioxide emissions, which benefits the construction of low carbon city greatly.
Investigation of Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Development of AZ61 Alloy during Rolling, Forging and ECAP
Authors: Kunčická Lenka , Kocich Radim
Published: August 2013

Results of experiments, focused on development of modified AZ61 alloy structure after hot forming, are summarized in this paper. Microstructure changes of the alloy after rolling and forging at temperatures of 380°C and after ECAP processed at 250°C were observed. After forging, the original grain size was reduced almost 14 times down to a value around 9 μm. After ECAP the grain size reduction was even better, almost 60 times. Important role of the ß-phase (Mg17Al12) in this alloy, during plastic forming, was confirmed. Independently of processing technology, the best final properties of the AZ61 alloy were supported with very fine particles distributed in the Mg matrix. The experiment succeeded in proving the influence of precipitates on restoration processes too.
Seismic Behavior of Damage-Reduction Based, Energy Dissipation Composite Shear Walls
Authors: Dong Hong Ying , Cao Wan Lin , Wu Hai Peng , Xu Fang Fang
Published: August 2013

A new damage-reduction based composite shear wall was proposed. It combines with three different energy dissipation units, which are the CFST column, SP deep beam and RC strip. The CFST column is set to be exposed outside or concealed inside the concrete. CFST columns and SP deep beams constitutes the core structure. During loading, RC strips between columns work with the core structure so as to reduce the damage and consume the energy. Four specimens with different design parameters, including 2 shear walls with exposed CFST columns and 2 with concealed CFST columns, were tested under horizontal cyclic loading. The load-bearing capacity, stiffness, hysteretic property, ductility, and failure characteristic of specimens have been analyzed. Results show that the deformation of this wall is just between that of the slotted shear wall and the entire shear wall. The RC strips reduce the damage and the core structure presents ductile behavior during load. The new wall is designed based on damage-reduction and it shows good seismic energy dissipation mechanics. It can be applied to the design of shear wall in high-rise buildings.
Application of Fuzzy Cluster Methods to Atmospheric Functional Regionalization in Baotou, Inner Mongolia
Authors: Du Yu Hong , Wang Da Zhou , Wang Wei , Lai Chun Gang , Zhu Yan Hua , Li Yu
Published: August 2013

Air environmental quality data (SO2, NO2, and PM10) of six automatic monitoring points monitored in 2010 and fuzzy clustering analysis method were applied to regionalize the atmospheric functional regions in Baotou City. It was demonstrated that the atmospheric functional regions were divided into two classes, which is consistent with the regional actual situation. This study provides a scientific basis for the comprehensive improvement of the urban environmental planning.
Policy Effects Assessment System Dynamic Model of Regional Low-Carbon Development
Authors: He Yuan Yuan , Tan Xin
Published: August 2013

Since the British first proposed the concept of "low-carbon economy", the international community had made a great effort in controlling greenhouse gas emissions and developing a low-carbon economy. However, the development of low-carbon economy is a top-down economic transformation driven by policy, which is different from the bottom-up economic transition driven by technology progress in the past. The influence of policy-making in low-carbon economy is everywhere, so the study of policy formulation and decision-making can be significant for low-carbon economy transition. This paper delivers a policy influence research method by constructing a regional low-carbon development model based on System Dynamics, and validates this model by comparing the simulation data and the Chinese calendar year statistics. Finally, some policy making suggestions based on the research are provided.
Assessment of Ecosystem Health of Panlong River, an Urban River in Kunming City
Authors: Li Jun Mei , Wu Zhao Lu , Fei Yu , He Shu Zhuang , He Jie
Published: August 2013

Healthy urban river ecosystem is the important symbol of the sustaining development of a city. This thesis discussed the issues of the ecosystem health situation of Panlong River, an urban river in Kunming city. This can provide the reference and scientific strategy for the government to renovate the urban river comprehensively. Using the comprehensive index evaluation method, we selected some indicators to characterize the main features and functions of urban river ecosystem to establish a comprehensive index system for evaluating urban river ecosystem health. These indicators included six aspects: water quality indicators, aquatic life indicators, hydrology indicators, river channel indicators, riparian zone indicators and social indicators. Total of them are 20 indicators. And the evaluation criteria was ascertained. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method was used to determine the weight of the indicators and the comprehensive assessment model was also built. Pilot study results indicate that the ecosystem of Panlong River in Kunming city is in the health status in 2011. The results showed that the comprehensive renovation of the Panlong River was very effective. Based on the ecosystem health assessment results of Panlong Rive and evaluation score of each indicator, we made certain the limiting factors that affect the urban river ecosystem health, which are vegetation of riparian zone, the water quality, aquatic habitat, the curve situation of the river channel, the form of bank protection, etc. And some suggestions were also provided for Panlong River ecological restoration.
Numerical Simulation Research on Coal Combustion
Authors: Ren Li Xia , Lu Hong Wei , Du Peng
Published: August 2013

The comparative study of numerical results on pulverized coal combustion process with CFD has become an important measure for direct engineering practice. In this paper, a combustion facility was simulated numerically with the Fluent code to investigate the process of coal combustion. Firstly, geometric models, grid and boundary type were established in the Gambit. Secondly, required models, physical properties and working conditions were chosen in the solver. Then, the important diagrams of each component displayed distinctly in the post professor. The simulation results showed that the rules of the volatile releasing and combustion processes of coke could provide important references to improve the combustion of the pulverized coal.
Numerical Studies on Friction Stir Welding of Lightweight Materials
Authors: He Xiao Cong
Published: August 2013

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a relatively new solid-state fastening method which is suitable for joining advanced lightweight metal sheets that are hard to weld. Latest literature relating to finite element analysis (FEA) of FSW process is reviewed in this paper. The recent development in FEA of FSW process is described with particular reference to three major factors that influence the performance of FSW joints: modeling technique, tool design and process parameters. The main FE methods used in FSW process are discussed and illustrated with brief case studies from the literature.
Research on Application of Iron Tailings on Road Base
Authors: Xu Shuai
Published: August 2013

In order to make good use of waste iron tailings considering energy conservation and environment protection, a new research on the use of tailings in road base has been carried out in this study. A type of iron tailings stabilized with cement made of appropriate amount of cement was firstly selected as the semi-rigid base material. After the mix proportion design based on material characteristics, compaction tests, unconfined compression tests and economic analysis were conducted on the mixture. It shows that iron tailings stabilized with cement with a more than 15% cement content meets the test requirements well and can be applied on the base and subbase course of low-grade highway. Helping to save road materials and reduce project costs, the study has a promising application prospect.
Analysis of the Mechanical Interlock Sliding in Self-Pierce Riveting Joints
Authors: Zeng Kai , He Xiao Cong , Deng Cheng Jiang , Yang Hui Yan , Zhou Sen , Liu En
Published: August 2013

Self-Pierce Riveting (SPR) is a new cold-press rivet technique for hard-to-weld materials joining in the field of automobile lightweight design and manufacture. The interlock slid under mechanical loading was the main induction factor to the failure of SPR joints. In this paper, the property of the interlock slid in SPR joints was studied by using digital image analysis technology and mechanical experiments. A special double-rivets specimen was designed, and simple tensile test was carried out. Several digital microscopes pointing to the region of the mechanical interlock were set up to observe and record synchronously the sequential images of the deformation of SPR during the tensile test. The process of image gray matching for the calculation of the interlock slid was described. Results showed that this method can be used to detect automatically the sliding in SPR joints and analyze the sliding qualitatively and quantitatively. And it can provide a new path for the mechanical property evaluation for this type joints.
Review of Creep Cavitation and Rupture of Low Cr Alloy and its Weldment
Authors: Xu Qi Hua , Xu Qiang , Pan Yong Xin , Short Michael
Published: August 2013

This paper presents a review of creep cavitation and rupture of low Cr alloy and its weldment, particular in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). Creep damage is one of the serious problems for the high temperature industry. One of the computational approaches is continuum damage mechanics which has been developed and applied complementary to the experimental approach and assists in the safe operation. However, the existing creep damage constitutive equations are not developed specifically for low stress. Therefore, in order to form the physical bases for the development of creep damage constitutive equation, it is necessary to critically review the creep cavitation and rupture characteristics of low Cr alloy and its weldment.
The Preparation and Luminescence Properties of Stannate Red Phosphors for WLED
Authors: Guo Chao , Dong Li Min , Jiang Tao , Lv Fei , Zhang Xian You
Published: August 2013

In this paper we have successfully prepared the red luminescent material of La0.01Y1.99Sn2O7: Eu3+, Dy3+ by the method of hydrothermal and sintering. The phase structure, surface morphology and fluorescence properties were investigated by the scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and photoluminescence (PL). The EDS showed that the luminescent material is La0.01Y1.99Sn2O7: Eu3+, Dy3+. The SEM micrographs showed uniform particles with good crystallinity of luminescent material after sintering. PL spectrum showed the increasing of Eu3+ has great benefit for the increase of the luminous intensity of luminous materials. The optimal doping amount of Eu3+ ion and Dy3+ is 1:3 (nEu: nDy).
Study of Stiffness Calculation Method on Reinforced Concrete Beam Strengthened with CFRP
Authors: Han Xue , Liu Zheng , Xu Xin , Ge Chao
Published: August 2013

The beam member should not only meet the requirement of carrying capacity but also has the ability to resist deformation. The calculation of beam deflection mainly boils down to the stiffness calculation in the existing calculation theory of deformation capacity. The flexural stiffness of concrete beams after strengthened with CFRP has been improved greatly. Direct reinforcement and sustained load reinforcement short-term stiffness calculation methods of CFRP reinforced concrete in normal service stage are derived in this article, which could be used for strengthening design.
Mathematical Models for VLSI Placement with Rectilinear Embedding
Authors: Pan Li Yan , Liu Yan Pei
Published: August 2013

Based on the theory of functional equations in rectilinear embedding, a mathematical model of VLSI placement design was established in this paper. The cell on the plane is conceived as a point, while the wire links the cells is assumed as lines, then the VLSI placement is transformed into quadrangulation by using graph theory. First of all, we obtained generating functions for two types of quadrangulations (quartic graphs) with graph multiple parameters and secondly derived explicit formulae by employing Lagrangian inversion. Furthermore, we found a relation between outerplanar graph and Hamilton graph, and then got the counting result of Hamilton quadrangulation. The quadrangulation calculations could provide a theoretical foundation for computerized algorithm, which can be widely used for VLSI placement optimization.
Recent Advances in Computational Methods for Microsystems
Authors: Corigliano Alberto , Dossi Martino , Mariani Stefano
Published: August 2013

An algorithm, which combines the use of Domain Decomposition and Model Order Reduction methods based on Proper Orthogonal Decomposition, is proposed. The algorithm allows for the efficient handling of electro-mechanical coupled problems in MEMS, with a strong reduction of computing time with respect to standard monolithic or staggered solution strategies. Examples of coupled electro-mechanical problems, concerning a vibrating beam subject to variable electrostatic forces, are presented and discussed.
Synthesis of P(AA-AM)/ Organic Montmorillonite Super Absorbent Resin under Focused Signal-Mode Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Lai Shui Li , Gao Ying Hua
Published: August 2013

A super absorbent resin (SAR) of acrylic acid (AA)/acrylamide (AM) /organic montmorillonite (OMMT) composite was synthesized by aqueous solution polymerization. This process was carried out under precision microwave organic synthesis system and its single-mode focusing microwave irradiation technology was studied. The montmorillonite (MMT) was modified by treating with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. Moreover, the factors that effect on liquid absorbency rate of the SAR were discussed, such as neutralization degree (ND) of AA, microwave irradiation time, microwave irradiation power and the dosage of the OMMT. It gave the best liquid absorbency rate (1520g.g-1 and 165g.g-1 in purified water and 0.9wt% NaCl solution, respectively).
Fabricate Blazed Concave Gratings by Curing Ion Beam Etching
Authors: Xin Tan
Published: August 2013

Diffraction efficiency is an important performance indicators of the type IV concave grating, and parallel ion beam etching etching process is difficult to obtain a high diffraction efficiency of type IV concave grating. External controllable magnetic field leads to the parallel ion beam to achieve the deflection of the ion beam is a novel means for the realization of a type IV along the curved surface of the concave grating different blaze angle ion beam etching, and in this way possible to obtain a high diffraction efficiency type IV concave grating. After a theoretical design ideal type IV concave grating blaze angle, use of the holographic exposure - bending ion beam simulation etching size 45 × 40mm2, wavelength 250nm at diffraction efficiency of 67%, the arm is 200mm, 188mm, the radius of curvature 224mm of type IV concave grating. Meanwhile, the use of parallel ion beam current of the same parameters of the analog etching type IV concave grating, the diffraction efficiency at 250nm was 30%. The simulation results show that the bending ion beam produced type IV concave grating principle of the method is feasible, and the ability to precisely control the ion beam the concave grating type IV high diffraction efficiency production.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Polyhydroxy Triazine Charring Agent and Properties of its Flame Retarded Polyproylene
Authors: Liu Sun , Tan Yi Lun , Shao Si Chun , Hui Yin Yin , Peng Zhi Han
Published: August 2013

In this study, a novel polyhydroxy triazine charring agent (PT-CA) was synthesized through the solid-state reaction of triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC) and pentaerythritol. Meanwhile, the molecular structure of the chemical compound was determined by FTIR, elemental analysis and thermalgravimetric analysis (TG).Then it is combined with microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (MAPP) and melamine phosphate (MP) to impart flame retardance and dripping resistance for polypropylene (PP).The fire performance of treated PP was investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI) and vertical burning test (UL-94).It has been found that the treated PP with the optimal flame retardant formulation of MAPP:MA:PTCA=18:6:6 (weight ratio, formulation 10) gives an LOI of 31.5 and UL-94 V-0 rating.
Study on Extraordinary Transport Behaviors of Polycrystalline La-Sb-Mn-O Ceramic
Authors: Duan Ping , Duan Wen Jing , Wang J.Y. , Wang Q. , Chang L. , Kong L.
Published: August 2013

The transport properties of polycrystalline La0.9Sb0.1MnO3 (LSMO) bulk prepared by the solid-state reaction were investigated. We find that transport behaviors heavily depend on the synthesis process. The resistivity of LSMO1 for less rubbing time shows one metal-insulator transition (MIT) peak at temperature of 201 K, while the resistivity of LSMO2 for more rubbing time shows a MIT and a shoulder at about 240 and 140 K, respectively. The magnetoresistance (MR) ratio of LSMO2 reaches 41% under magnetic field of 2 T. Moreover, the MR ratio keeps significant value within broad temperature range. The infrared (IR) absorption spectra of LSMO2 show that the stretch-mode peak split into two Gaussian peaks with the gap about 70 cm-1. This large splitting indicates there are strong distortion and disorder in LSMO2 sample. The results are interpreted in terms of the disorder system and phase separation in perovskite manganites.
The Effect of Carbon Ash on the Properties of Butadiene-Styrene Rubber (SBR) at Low Levels
Authors: Meng Xiang Hai , Zhang Yi He , Liu Lei Peng , Zhang Zhi Lei
Published: August 2013

Carbon ash composed of mainly amorphous carbon and zinc oxide was used as the filler in the butadiene-styrene rubber (SBR) materials. In this paper, carbon ash was characterized by XRD. Furthermore, the composites were prepared by incorporating carbon ash into SBR matrix through the mechanical agitation and roll mixing technologies. Vulcanization characteristics and mechanical properties of SBR filled with carbon ash were investigated. The effect of coupling agent (KH550/KH570) on the mechanical properties was also discussed. The experimental results indicated that the tensile strength and modulus at 300% of SBR filled with carbon ash could be improved significantly.
Electrochemical Behaviors of Pb-0.8%Ag Rolled Alloy Anode during and after Zinc Electrowinning - CV Investigations
Authors: Yang Hai Tao , Liu Huan Rong , Zhang Yong Chun , Chen Bu Ming , Guo Zhong Cheng , Xu Rui Dong
Published: August 2013

In this paper, electrochemical behaviour of Pb0.8%Ag anode during the 15 days galvanostatic electrolysis in acid zinc sulphate electrolyte solution was investigated with Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) techniques. The phase composition of the anodic oxide layers during the electrolysis was observed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The results revealed that the electrochemical oxidation processes and phase formation varied obviously during the electrolysis for it is a process indicating the formation and stabilization of anodic oxide layer. With the increasing electrolysis time, the anodic peak (PbPbSO4) is mainly present a rise trend and gradually moved in the positive direction while the anodic peak (PbSO4β-PbO2, PbOα-PbO2) strongly moved in the negative direction. The cathodic peak (β-PbO2 and α-PbO2PbSO4) and (PbO and PbSO4Pb) mainly present a rise trend and gradually moved in the negative direction. Besides, the corrosion phase of the anodic oxide layers mainly consist of PbSO4, PbO, α-PbO2 and β-PbO2. With the increasing electrolysis time, the content of α-PbO2 presents a declining trend while the content of β-PbO2 a rising trend. The preferred growth orientation of α-PbO2 and β-PbO2 is (111) and (101) planes respectively.
Filled Binder for the Water-Glass Based Radiation-Protective Composites
Authors: Korolev Evgeniy Valerjevich , Grishina Anna Nikolaevna
Published: August 2013

The volumetric rate of filler affects the type and structure of chemical products emerging during the hardening process of binders and composites based on barium hydrosilicates. It is shown that by means of using the inert filler it is possible to change the composition of the hardened material. In particular, instead of BaO·2SiO2·4Н2О formation, the formation of Ba5[Si4O12](OH)2 can occur. This is due to steric effects and extra amount of the barium cations near the particles of fine filler. It is revealed also that the increase of the filling rate leads to the formation of crystal form of barium hydrosilicates. Such hydrosilicates are characterized by increased interfacial distance. These phenomena prove the presence of the steric effects. However, the chemical reaction of binder (water glass) with hardener (barium chloride) proceeds completely to the end. Thus, neither barium chloride nor sodium hydrosilicates are present in hardened composite. Because of this, disperse filled binders based on barium hydrosilicates (products of reaction between water glass and barium chloride) can be considered as a promising component for effective composites intended for protection from gamma-and neutron radiation.
Numerical Estimation of JIC of a Ductile Metal
Authors: Dilip Nandurkar Rahul Dilip , Patil Pradip Shahaji , Chaudhari Pravin Sheshrao , Bhat Sunil
Published: August 2013

The paper presents a numerical technique to estimate the critical value of J integral, of a ductile metal (Aluminum alloy). Cracked, Single Edge Notch Bend (SENB) specimen of the alloy is modeled by finite element method. Load over the specimen is chosen such that the process or fracture zone is generated at the crack tip. The load is subsequently increased for the process zone size to go up. Process zone sizes and displacements under loads are measured from post processor solutions. Resistance curve and blunting line are plotted. Intersection of the two provides the value of. equals upon fulfillment of the plane strain condition. Various thickness values of the specimen are tried. The value of KIC obtained from is found to be in close agreement with the reported value obtained from experiments.Nomenclature
Comparative Study of the Flexural Strength and Flexural Modulus of Local Made Orthodontic Resins: A Pilot Study
Authors: Saen-Isara Tassanaporn , Yodmongkol Sirasa , Dechkunakorn Surachai , Anuwongnukroh Niwat , Srikhirin Toemsak , Tanodekaew Siriporn , Suddhasthira Theeralaksna , Wicha Wassana
Published: August 2013

Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the flexural strength and flexural modulus of three formulae self-curing acrylic resin with commercial orthodontic resin.
Equivalence between Two Fracture Methods
Authors: Lu Zhou Dao , Chai Ji Feng
Published: August 2013

Two fracture parameters, i.e., the initiation fracture energy release GIcini and the unstable fracture energy release GIcun, are termed to distinguish the different crack propagation stages. Totally ten temperatures varying from 20oC to 600oC and the specimen size of 230×200×200 mm with initial-notch depth ratios 0.4 were considered. Wedge-splitting method is adopted to measure the loadcrack mouth opening displacement curves (PCMOD) and double-G fracture parameters are experimentally determined. In order to verify the feasibility of this model in post-fire concrete, the effective double-K fracture parameters converted by double-G fracture parameters using are compared with the double-K fracture parameters.
Determination of Double-G Fracture Parameters of Post-Fire Concrete
Authors: Lu Zhou Dao , You Neng
Published: August 2013

Double-G fracture model was recently proposed based on the conception of energy release rate to describe the fracture behaviour on cracked concrete. Two fracture parameters, i.e., the initiation fracture energy release GIcini and the unstable fracture energy release GIcun, are termed to distinguish the different crack propagation stages undergoing during the whole fracture process in concrete. In present work, following the Double-G fracture model at ambient temperature, the residual Double-G fracture parameters of post-fire concrete is elaborately introduced. Totally ten temperatures varying from 20oC to 600oC and the specimens size of 230×200×200 mm with initial-notch depth ratios 0.4 were considered. Wedge-splitting method is adopted to measure the loadcrack mouth opening displacement curves (PCMOD) and double-G fracture parameters are experimentally determined.
Fracture Behaviors of Post-Fire Concrete
Authors: You Neng , Lin Cheng Le , Lu Zhou Dao
Published: August 2013

nvestigations on the residual Mode-I fracture behaviors of concrete subjected to elevated temperatures were implemented in present research. Test specimens of the same dimensions, 230×200×200 mm, were exposed to ten temperatures varying from 20oC to 600oC. The wedge splitting method was employed to obtain the complete load-crack mouth opening displacement curves (P-CMOD) of the post-fire specimens, from which the initial fracture toughness Kini, the critical fracture toughness Kic and the fracture energy GF were calculated. The results demonstrated that Kini, Kic decreased monotonically with increasing heating temperatures Tm owing to the thermal damage induced by high temperatures; whereas GF sustained a hold-increase-decrease tendency with Tm for the energy dissipation of multi-cracks.
Tunable Reflectarray Resonant Elements Based on Non-Linear Liquid Crystal Materials
Authors: Ismail M.Y. , Dahri M. Hashim
Published: August 2013

The operation of the radar technology is based on the mechanical movement of the antenna. To overcome the flaw of the mechanical movement an electronically tunable reflectarray antenna based on non-linear properties of Liquid Crystal materials has been introduced. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the tunability performance of different X-band reflectarray resonant elements printed on 1 mm thick grounded Liquid Crystal materials. Dynamic phase range and frequency tunabilty of rectangular, dipole and ring elements have been investigated by using CST computer model. Non-linear material properties have been used to develop an algorithm based on Method of Moment, for dynamic phase distribution of three resonant elements. It has been shown that the ring element offers a maximum dynamic phase range of 248° as compared to dipole and rectangular elements which offer 238° and 160° respectively. Moreover a maximum frequency tunabilty of 796 MHz, 784 MHz and 716 MHz can be achieved for rectangular, dipole and ring elements respectively with a dielectric anisotropy of 0.45. Waveguide simulator measurements of passive reflectarray unit cells demonstrate that rectangular element is observed to offer a minimum reflection loss of 1.6 dB as compared to dipole and ring elements which offer 3.3 dB and 3.6 dB respectively.
New Development of Cattail Fibre in Composite Uses
Authors: Liu Li Yan , Chen Yu Ping , Zhu Jing
Published: August 2013

This paper is aiming to develop the cattail fibre as reinforcing material due to its environmental benefits and excellent physical and insulated characteristics. The current work is concerned with the development of the technical fibres from the original plant and research on their reinforcing properties in the innovative composites. Polypropylene (PP) fibre was used as matrix in this research which was fabricated into fibre mats with cattail fibre together with different fibre volume fractions. Cattail fibre reinforced PP laminates were manufactured and compared with jute/PP composites. The tensile and bending properties of laminates were tested. The SEM micrographs of fracture surface of the laminates were analyzed as well. The results reveal that the tensile and bending properties of cattail/PP laminates are closed to those of jute/PP composites. The mechanical properties of cattail/jute/PP laminates with fibre volume fraction of 20/35/45 is betther than those of laminate reinforced with cattail fibers.
Novel Nanoparticles Incorporated Polyvinylidene Fluoride Ultrafiltration Membrane
Authors: Gao Qiong Zhi , Li Hong Qiang , Zeng Xing Rong
Published: August 2013

In this study, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite ultrafiltration membranes were prepared by a phase inversion method, N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) was used as solvent and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was used as dispersant, nanoTiO2 and AgNO3 were used as addictive materials. With different doping content of nanoTiO2 and silver ions, those hybrid films have different functions and structure. The basic performance and photocatalytic properties of those ultrafiltration membranes were studied in detail. The experiment results show that adding nanosized TiO2 particles will make the porosity of PVDF membrane increase, adding silver ion with low content can not improve water flux and porosity of membranes, however, nanoTiO2 and silver ions doping together can effectively improve the photocatalytic degradation rate.
Synthesis and Structure Elucidation of Novel Oxime Ether Type H/K+-ATPase Inhibitors
Authors: Jin Lei , Fang Hu Biao , Huang Nian Yu , Wang Jun Zhi , Zou Kun
Published: August 2013

Six 6,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-6,7-dihydrobenzofuran-4(5H)-one oxime derivatives were synthesized, characterized and evaluated as potential anti-ulcer agents. Most of the target compounds exhibited better H+/K+-ATPase inhibitory activity than commercial revaprazan, and both of the two O-propyl oxime ethers displayed the most potent activities with IC50˰̵̱̼͆̓ͅ˰̵̼̓̓˰̸̱̈́̾˰́̀˰μ̝˾ These compounds could be potentially used for the treatment of ulcer disease.
Optical Probe in MgZnO Alloys with Varied Mg Ratios by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Shu Xiang Ping , Chen Cheng , He Yi Ting , Qiu Zhi Ren , Wuu Dong Sing , Geng Zhe Chuan
Published: August 2013

We present a study on five MgxZn1-xO samples with varied x (x = 0, 0.01, 0.06, 0.10 and 0.14), grown on sapphire substrate by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD). Combined photoluminescence (PL) and Raman scattering studies were carried out over a temperature range of 80K-470K, under the excitation of UV 325 nm. Temperature dependence of the PL for MgZnO with x = 0, 0.01 and 0.06 are shown. The resonance Raman longitudinal optical (LO) multiple modes are exhibited for MgZnO with x = 0.06, 0.10 and 0.14 over all temperature range. Raman shifts exhibit a quadratic dependence on temperature in the measured temperature range. These dependences can be calculated, based upon a model involving three-and four-phonon coupling. We attribute both the thermal expansion and four-phonon terms in the four-phonon anharmonic processes to describe the change of Raman shift with temperature.
Can the Current Stent Manufacturing Process be Used for Making Metallic Biodegradable Stents
Authors: Nordin Jamillah Amer , Nasution Ahmad Kafrawi , Hermawan Hendra
Published: August 2013

Stents have been routinely used for the treatment of coronary artery occlusion since the last two decades. They are made of corrosion resistant alloys such as stainless steel 316L, titanium and cobalt-chromium alloys; in addition, their manufacturing process is well developed. Currently, corrodible metals have been proposed for making stents that can degrade after serving its function (biodegradable stents). This article discusses applicability of the current laser-cutting-based stent manufacturing process for making biodegradable stents: from materials production to stent fabrication until implantation. It covers some practical and technical points extracted from literatures and authors experiences with clinicians and industrialists to be considered in developing metallic biodegradable stents.
A New Apparatus for Measuring the Bending Rigidity
Authors: Fridrichová Ludmila
Published: August 2013

The article is dealing with the principle of measuring bending rigidity by the method of Cantilever test which is suitable for measuring different types of textile and also non-textile materials. The authors are presenting a modification of the device and a simple method for calculation bending rigidity. It is a method by means of which bending rigidity, in extreme conditions - high temperature and humidity of the air-can be measured. In the discussion, the authors are pointing out the advantages and difficulties of this method of measuring.
Fracture Energy of Post-Fire Concrete
Authors: Lu Zhou Dao , Zhang Rui
Published: August 2013

Temperature influence on the residual Mode-I fracture behaviors of concrete was investigated in present paper. The test specimens were exposed to temperatures varying from 65oC to 600oC with their weight losses monitored. The wedge splitting method was employed to obtain the load-crack mouth opening displacement (P-CMOD) curves of post-fire specimens from which the fracture energy GF was calculated. It is demonstrated that GF sustains a hold-increase-decrease tendency with Tm. The fracture energy is closely related to the ultimate weight loss wu of the concrete and their relationship is also established.
Homogeneity and the Height of the Metal Rest inside a Filling Chamber of Die Casting Machine
Authors: Pasko Ján , Gaspar Stefan
Published: August 2013

In the majority of cases the height of metal rest inside a filling chamber of a die casting machine has the largest weight share of wasted liquid metal in the process of metal die casting. Since the weight of the liquid metal used for the production of a cast has a significant impact on the price of the cast, it is necessary that the amount of returnable material be minimal. This paper deals with the correct determination of metal rest inside the filling chamber considering the values of permanent deformation of experimental samples due to qualitative and economic importance of the production process of die casts.
Developing Optimal Time-Temperature Conditions for Steel and Alloy Melting
Authors: Tsepelev Vladimir , Konashkov Viktor , Vjuchin Vladimir , Povodator Arkadi , Podolskaja Ann
Published: August 2013

The structure of multi-component metallic melts is presented. Typically, the phase composition of commercial melts is complex and these melts are nonequilibrium systems. The correlation between liquid and solid metallic states is shown. The principles of time-temperature treatment of steels and alloys are described. In all technologies investigated, the preparation of a melt by its temperature-time treatment leads not only to improvement but also to stabilization of the structure and properties of the metal from melt to melt.
Design of High Precision Online Sizing Cutter for PC Steel Bars
Authors: Han Xue Yan , Liu Kang , Jin He Rong
Published: August 2013

Along with the development of high-rise buildings and high-speed railways, the straightness and sizing accuracy of PC steel bars is highly demanded. The addition of precision straightening process between traction and shear in the production line of PC steel bars can improve the application performance of products effectively. Moreover, the traditional shear mode is changed to realize high precision sizing and cutting purpose in high-speed production (90m/min). A straightening scheme with large deformation and equal curvature was proposed in this article, which can realize circumferential standstill locking of bars in the perpendicular straightening planes and guarantee straightening precision. Based on mechanical-electro-hydraulic integration technology, optical-mechanical-electrical sizing and conjugate cam cutting method were presented. 9/13 numerical control sizing cutter for PC steel bars is developed in the production line of PC steel bars, which has high automation, better straightening effect, and minor sizing error.
Phase Equilibria of Condensate and Natural Gas
Authors: Promkotra Sarunya
Published: August 2013

Condensate and natural gas from a gas field in the northeast of Thailand are examined for their physical and chemical properties, and phase behaviors referring to phase equilibria. The physical properties of condensate are analyzed based on API gravity, density, Reid vapor pressure, true vapor pressure, pressure and temperature, viscosity and specific energy. Chemical components of natural gas are grouped depending on the amount of organic hydrocarbons which are methane, light hydrocarbons, heavy hydrocarbons, aromatic and cyclic compounds and non-hydrocarbon contents in the mole per cent of 97.15, 1.16, 0.22, 0.019 and 1.50, respectively. Pristane and phytane ratio is 1.73 which refers to an oxidizing environment during the deposition of the petroleum reservoir. Phase behavior of condensate is found only one phase, liquid phase at 15°C and 101.327 kPa, which indicates the critical temperature of 592.13 K and the critical pressure of 2,372.96 kPa. However, natural gas can be separated in two phases, vapor and liquid phases. The results show that the cricondentherm and cricondenbar of natural gas are 326.36 K and 1,295.28 kPa, respectively. These results can be useful for controlling and managing condensate and natural gas.
The Production Technology in High-Performance and Economical Hot-Rolled Ribbed Wire Rod
Authors: Xie Fei Ming , Liu Yang , Wang Yan Lin , Zhang Qing
Published: August 2013

According to the production actual situation of the hot-rolled ribbed wire rod in Fangda special steel technology Co., Ltd, Through optimizing the rolling process to improve rolling organization , and with low alloy composition, which can greatly save resources and production cost. The results show that the yield strength of hot-rolled ribbed wire rod is 510MPa, the tensile strength is 622MPa, and the elongation is 23.35%, but the content of Mn can be decreased 58.13%, the content of Si can be decreased 67.50% compared with the national standard upper limit value in HRB400; The grain size scale of edge microstructure is 9.0 at the 1# flying shear in the rolling process, the grain size scale of core microstructure is 8.5, and the edge microstructure of hot-rolled ribbed wire rod after rolling is the tempered sorbite, the grain size scale is 13.5, the core microstructure is the ferrite-pearlite, the grain size scale is 12.0, and the depth of hardening is 0.50mm.
Real Option Approach for the Management of a New Product Development in the Pharmaceutical Sector
Authors: Cucchiella Federica , Gastaldi Massimo
Published: August 2013

The main scope of this paper is to perform a real options analysis that is often recommended as an emerging valuation technique for high-risk investment projects. The pharmaceutical sector is a sector where the real option can be positively applied to incorporate the flexibility and the risks of the new product development. In this paper the real option theory is applied to a pharmaceutical company that is developing a particular new product. Due to the uncertain nature of the new product development, it can be strategic to evaluate the real option benefits for the investment under analysis.
Type-2 Fuzzy C-Means Algorithm with Spatial Informations and Membership Constrains for Liver Segmentation
Authors: Zhang Qin Li , Yue Ya Fan , Guo Zhao Zhuang
Published: August 2013

The Fuzzy C-Means algorithm with spatial informations and membership constrains is a very effective and efficient image segmentation method. However£¬it is founded with Type-1 fuzzy sets, which can not handle the uncertainties existing in liver image well.The type-2 fuzzy sets have better performance on handling uncertainties than Type-1 fuzzy set. In this paper, a new robust Type-2 FCM image segmentation algorithm is proposed aiming to improve the segmentation precision and robustness of liver image by introducing the type-2 fuzzy set into FCM with spatial information and membership constrains. We extend the type-1 fuzzy set of membership to interval type-2 fuzzy set using two fuzzifiers and which create a footprint of uncertainty (FOU). The experimental results show that the target area of the liver in CT images can be segmented well by the proposed method.
Effect of Argon Pressure and Aluminum Content (in TiO2-H3BO3-Al Mix) on Combustion and Formation of Chemical Composition in Combustion Products
Authors: Raimkhanova Danara Serikovna , Fomenko Sergey M. , Abdulkarimova Roza Gabdullovna , Mansurov Zulkhair Aimukhametovich
Published: August 2013

Possibility of getting the boron-containing composite materials at aluminum-thermal combustion of boron-containing systems in argon medium. The combustion took place in reactor (at up to 30 atm. argon pressure). Influence of argon pressure and aluminum content (in initial feed) on content of the solid (titanium diboride and aluminum oxide) phases in synthesis products.
Synthesis and Properties of Hybrid Curing Siloxane Modified Epoxy Resin/Polyurethane Acrylate Coating
Authors: Gao Jun Gang , Tian Cong , Wu Xiao Jing
Published: August 2013

In order increasing properties of polyurethane acrylate coating, the epoxy resin/ polyurethane acrylate coating was prepared by UV and thermal dual curing with diphenyliodonium salt. The curing reaction and kinetics was investigated by UV-radiation and DSC, and the influence of the siloxane of methylacryloylpropyl-trimethoxysilane (MAPTMS) content on the properties of coating was determined by DMA and other physical methods. The results showed the hardness and glass transition temperature Tg of the coating film increased with the increasing MAPTMS content and the coating has good adhesion. When the content of MAPTMS reach 12 wt%, the Tg is the highest, which is 8.2°C higher than the before; When the triethylene glycol divinyl ether (DVE-3) can change the reaction from UV free radical/cationic reaction into thermal radical/cationic reaction, and can be described by autocatalytic Šesták-Berggre model (S-B) and the average activation energy Ea is 70.55 kJ/mol.