bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La civilisation française dans le cadre des événements culturels étudiants à l’Institut de la culture d’État de Saint-Pétersbourg
Authors: Kopeleva Galina
Published: June 2021

’apprentissage d’une langue étrangère ne se limite pas à l’accumulation de connaissances linguistiques, c’est aussi la découverte d’une civilisation étrangère. Les établissements d’enseignement supérieur consacrant peu d’heures aux langues étrangères, les manifestations hors-cursus à caractère culturel ou festif jouent, de ce fait, un rôle très important. Au cours de chaque année académique, le département des langues étrangères et de linguistique de l’Institut de la culture de Saint-Pétersbourg organise des événements culturels étudiants récurrents tels que l’« Examen-concert à la faculté des arts », le « Festival de l’amitié internationale, la « Soirée de la traduction poétique ». Au cours des deux premières manifestations, les participants montent sur scène et présentent au public un vrai spectacle de variétés en langues étrangères. Une part belle y est faite aux arts de la scène (théâtre, musique, chanson, danse), mais d’autres disciplines artistiques dont le cinéma, la poésie, la photographie sont aussi au rendez-vous. La soirée de la traduction poétique, plus intime, est un récital où sont présentés, traduits en russe, des poèmes et des chansons. Les étudiants qui apprennent le français comme première ou seconde langue et qui prennent part à ces manifestations s’initient à la culture et à la civilisation françaises. Au cours des années, ce procédé didactique s’est révélé très motivant. Les apprenants sont ainsi incités de manière stimulante à approfondir leurs connaissances et compétences linguistiques pour communiquer en français dans leur futur milieu professionnel.
Mold detection and environmentally friendly prevention technology for animal specimens
Authors: Zhang Rui , Sunmei Rong , Zeng Yayun , Chen Wei-Ling , Shang Zhuang Zhuang , Liu Yu , Wangkang Wangkang , Cao Xiao-Min , Huang Xin-Yun , TANGJun Yu , LIANGQI Zhao
Published: June 2021

Animal specimens are easily invaded and corroded by molds, which seriously affects the beautful shape and integrity of biological specimens, It’s led to a huge economic loss. And the traditional methods & agentia of molds controlled are always spoisonous and polluted agentia. In this paper, review the detecting methods of animal specimens infected molds, exploring methods and reagents of prevention of molds,which can make the animal specimens be preserved for a long time without mold damage. This way would be green, environmental-friendly, and protect the human health and reduce economic losses.
protocols.ioでプロトコルを公開する v1
Authors: Nagane Uchikawa Ayu , Broellochs Anita
Published: June 2021

Protocol on how to publish your protocols on protocol.io.
Personal beliefs as a worldview factor of psychological well-being
Authors: Gruzinova Ksenia
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to researching the connections between aspects of psychological well-being and personal beliefs in the context of limitations in social functioning during a pandemic. The survey had conducted in the form of a written group survey of respondents. In the research, the following research methods were provided: R. Yanov-Bulman Basic Belief Scale; methods of diagnosing the individual’s subjective well-being [11]. The results of the research were analyzed by using statistical processing methods.
The peculiarities of the connections between the aspects of well-being and personal beliefs were revealed. The presence of a person’s belief in the benevolence and justice of the world is mostly due to the experience of emotional and existential well-being. The belief in the goodness of people and the value of one’s own «self» in the structure of personal beliefs is associated mainly with a higher level of ego-well-being. It was proved that the general level of psychological well-being depends on beliefs: in commitment to the world, justice of the world, the kindness of people, and values of «self». The study made it possible to establish that the features of various aspects of psychological well-being and beliefs in the period of social constraints caused by the pandemic COVID-19. Higher indicators of existential-activity well-being and ego-well-being had the persons who noted the absence of deterioration of the social functioning during the pandemic. Also, among persons who did not experience a deterioration in social functioning during the quarantine period, higher rates of belief in the world’s justice and the value of one’s own «self» were found.
Thus, the role of basic beliefs as a worldview factor of well-being was proved, the peculiarities of their interdependence during the pandemic were studied. Empirical evidence has established the relationship between beliefs in the commitment and justice of the world, people’s kindness, and the value of the «self» with various aspects of well-being.
Psychological Peculiarities of Stigmatization of Otherness and its Display during the Process of Media Communication
Authors: Husiev Ihor
Published: June 2021

The article outlines theoretical developments in the field of stigmatization. The stages of development of stigmatization are given: selection and «marking» of the person which differs from conditional norm; assigning it negative qualities in accordance with the existing in this culture ideas about certain features; assigning it to a certain «category» that opposes society and further reducing the social status of this person. Attention is paid to the process of self-stigmatization – a person’s awareness of the presence of a certain feature that distinguishes him from the majority, assimilation and application of myths about his «otherness», with further distancing from potential stigmatizers. This leads to a decrease in social status, self-esteem, which in turn increases stigma.

Two separate surveys were conducted; one among the general population, and the other about the peculiarities of the stigmatization of stigmatized minorities’ own stigma was studied during a survey of LGBT and HIV activists. The total sample was 687, of whom 493 were the general population and 194 were members of stigmatized minorities. The display of stigmatization was investigated due to the prevalence of cyberbullying using different media channels. In total, 71 % of respondents were victims of cyberbullying (from isolated cases (49 %) to persistent harassment (4 %). The most common victims of cyberbullying are men, and among activists – HIV activists. Activists often face such acts of cyberbullying as insults in comments to news and on Twitter, threats on Facebook, intimidation on forums. Only 20 % of cyberbullying victims turned to various institutions to stop harassment.
Modern Theories of Wisdom: Literature Review
Authors: Kondratieva Veronika , Zarubin Illia
Published: June 2021

The article presents a theoretical analysis of modern theories of wisdom, considers the formation and essence of the concept of wisdom in psychology. At the end of the twentieth century, the interest of psychologists in the subject of wisdom began to grow. Wisdom as a concept is integral to any society, culture and time, it reveals those qualities of personality that help a person to be realized. The concept of wisdom requires theoretical justification and empirical research. In general, there are two main concepts of wisdom: one affirms the affective qualities more or less with the cognitive, inherent in man; the other focuses precisely on cognitive and reflexive abilities, ignoring emotional life. This typification has proved itself in several planes. In the history of philosophy, the understanding of wisdom had both an affective and a cognitive character, represented by East and West. Empirical studies of implicit concepts of wisdom conducted in recent years indicate the variability of perception of wisdom. In the East, the concept of wisdom is less analytical and more psychological than in the West, which requires an understanding not only of the intellectual, but also of the sensual (emotions, intuition, etc.). Cross-cultural empirical studies confirm the general difference in the perception of wisdom in different cultures. The influence of age on the manifestations of wisdom in humans should be noted separately. Research has shown that age negatively affects the intellectual component of wisdom, but is neutral to procedural knowledge. On the one hand, with age a person acquires experience that can interpret and extract new procedural knowledge from him. On the other hand, the fact that a person has life experience does not determine a person’s qualitative interpretation of what happened to him. The age factor cannot be decisive in becoming wise.
Under Publication Process
Authors: Author 1
Published: June 2021

Under Publication Process
"I Gotta Carry The Burden By Myself"
Authors: Keefe Robert H. , Rouland Rebecca , Lane Sandra D. , Howard Audrey , Brownstein-Evans Carol , Wen Xiaozhong , Parks Lorinda
Published: June 2021

Despite prevalence estimates indicating that upwards to 38% of new mothers of color will experience perinatal depression, little research has been published that investigates how they cope with the stressors in their daily lives. This article presents the findings of semi-structured in-depth interviews with 30 low-income new mothers of color about parenting their children despite the burden of ongoing depression. Narrative analyses revealed three themes: feeling alone, isolated, and overwhelmed; feeling misunderstood, betrayed, and judged by others; and having to carry their burden alone. Despite having depression, the mothers spoke of ways they were able to persevere even with the enormous burden of raising their children while living in high-crime, low-income neighborhoods. Recommendations include the need for social workers to recognize low-income mothers’ inner strengths; recognize why mothers may not trust professionals to be of help; and take the time to build strong therapeutic relationships with mothers who perceive their families, friends, partners, and often social service professionals as being of little help.
Co-morbidities: Prevalence and evaluation of risk with COVID-19 (SARS CoV2) infection: A retrospective study
Authors: Vivek Vir , Karuna Veer , Singh Ravinder , Gupta Priya , Verma Nidhi , Rathi Monika
Published: June 2021

: Cases of COVID 19 is a challenge for clinicians to evaluate the effect of SARS CoV2 on patients has preexisting medical illness.

To assess the potential effect and incidence of COVID 19 with comorbidity.

680 COVID-19 positive cases were included. This research was limited to the admitted patients from October 2020 to February 2021. Applicable data were collected from patient’s files, reviewed and included based on the applicability to the topic.

As of October, 2020, our institute had 954 suspected cases of COVID-19 infection. Out of these 680 patients were positive and rests were negative. We obtained data from the hospital records which provided information regarding the age, gender, chief complaints, co-morbidity and its type, positive /negative status and outcomes (Recovered/death). We divided the patients into three groups; (1) had no co-morbidity; (2) had one co-morbidity (3) had two or more co-morbidity and compared their outcomes (Recovery/Death/admitted). We also compared the outcomes of patients those had more than two co-morbidities.

clinical data and co-morbidities were examined with SPSS Statistics, Version 23.

Most patients were male (76.21%) with commonest complain of difficulty in breathing (46.03%). Among total cases, no co-morbidity was noted in 402 (59.11%) patients, one co-morbidity in 205(30.15%) and more than one co-morbidity in 73 (10.74%) patients. Higher death rate was noted in positive patients with two or more co-morbidities (35.62%). Diabetes and hypertension were the common observed illness with higher death rate in COPD and HTN with CAD (75.00%) patients.

Result of this study suggests a strong clinical relationship between COVID-19 and co-morbidities. Patients with pre-existing medical sickness with COVID 19 is a challenge to the physicians as it yielded poorer clinical outcomes. So, the physicians need to be prepared to reorganize their consultative practices during this pandemic period.
Text syntax as a factor in fostering communicative competence of non-linguistic university students
Authors:   Saratov State Conservatoire, Petrova Olga L.
Published: June 2021

Linguistic proficiency is an important component of communicative competence. Turning to such linguistic concepts of the text as colligation, collocation, cohesion significantly facilitates a comprehensive acquisition of foreign language constructions, and is a kind of a launching platform for teaching communication in a non-linguistic institution of higher education.
The memoirs of B. F. Egorov: Principles of the genre
Authors:   Saratov State University, Elina Elena G.
Published: June 2021

B. F. Egorov is a philologist and a scientist whose creative work is closely related to Saratov University; he- attached great importance to diaries and memoirs as the most important sources for the reconstruction not only of historic events, but of the revival of spiritual biography of entire generations. The article analyzes the genre principles of B. F. Egorov’s memoirs.
Extra-linguistic factors and intra-lingual specific features of teaching Russian as a foreign language in groups of students from Laos
Authors:   Army General Khrulev Military Logistics Academy, Antonova Natalya A.
Published: June 2021

This article studies extra-linguistic and intra-lingual factors affecting the effectiveness of teaching Russian to cadets from Laos. The study analyzes the cultural typology of R. Lewis in relation to the extra-linguistic specific nature of teaching Russian as a foreign language.
Ambysemy and eurisemy as phenomena in term semantic structure (Based on English IT-terminology)
Authors:   Saratov State University, Yefremova Lyudmila S.
Published: June 2021

The article investigates such semantic phenomena as ambisemy and eurisemy, and how they are implemented in definitions of English IT-terms and lexical meanings of those determinologised lexical units. The research data is based on both English professional dictionaries and general English online dictionaries.
Two kinds of music in B. Poplavsky’s poem Dark Madonna
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Mamatov Gleb M.
Published: June 2021

The article studies the topic of music and its functioning in the poem by B. Poplavsky Dark Madonna. Its motivational and symbolic structure, as well as its composition and intertextual ties with the modernist poetry are considered. The article focuses on the description of the ‘spirit of music’ concept in the poet’s philosophy and its interpretation in the text of the miniature.
Socio-economic everyday life of individual farms in the Saratov Volga region in the first half of the 1930s
Authors:   Saratov State University, Kotelnikov Vadim A.
Published: June 2021

The article examines the features of the life of individual peasants in the Saratov Volga region in the conditions of the dominance of collective farms. On the basis of archival documents, the direction and content of state policy in relation to individuals is revealed. Having survived the nightmare of the first years of collectivization, individual farmers began to gradually adapt to new conditions and show their resilience in an unfavorable environment. As a result, instead of joining the collective system, they discredited it by their example. Therefore, special attention is paid to the policy of the Soviet leadership and the actions of local authorities in relation to individual farms. As a result of state policy, expressed in administrative pressure and a tightening of the tax press by the mid-1930s there was a gradual reduction in the sole sector.
The minister for people’s education A. S. Norov in the memoirs and letters of Russian professors of the mid-19th century
Authors:   Moscow region State University, Lyovin Sergei V.
Published: June 2021

One of the notable personalities during the reign of the Emperor Nicholas I was Abraham Sergeyevich Norov who occupied the post of the Minister of People’s Education from 1853 to 1858. In domestic historical literature the opinion has been rooted that he was a model of a conservative intellectual, a weak-willed person who fell under the influence of other people. The paper attempts to find out how A. S. Norov was treated by professors at Russian universities who often communicated with him and what they thought about him. On the basis of an analysis of their memoirs and letters the author comes to the conclusion that A. S. Norov evoked respect from the entire teaching staff community, enjoyed well-deserved authority and trust.
Yuri N. Roerich’s contribution to the study of the Tocharians
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Shustova Alla M.
Published: June 2021

This article deals with Yuri Roerich’s articles “Tocharian Problem”, “The Memory of Tocharians in Tibet” and his “The History of Central Asia”. Roerich concluded that Tocharians of the Ancient Greek authors were identical to the Yuezhi of the Chinese texts. Moreover, he considered the Kushans to be identical to the Yuezhi-Tocharians. He held the initiative to create the International Commission for the integrated study of the Kushan Empire’s history.
The concept of “heart” in Old Irish church literature: The case of the Apgitir chrábaid
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Kiselev Mikhail S.
Published: June 2021

This paper attempts to analyze the instances and contexts of the use of the concept “heart”, which is the key concept for Christian anthropology, based on the material of Old Irish church literature, namely, on the treatise Apgitir chrábaid. The following cases of using the word “heart” in the studied text are revealed: “love for God in the heart”, “fear of God in the heart”, “purity of the heart”, “simplicity of the heart”, “confession of something in the heart”, “heart as a container of faith” , “heart as the dwelling place of God”, “heart as the place where the Truth is”. These cases are grouped by the author into types. It was done so in order to review them within the conceptual grid, built by various researchers, who utilized the idea of different semantic base for each case of the “heart” usage in Christian literature of Early Middle Ages. “Heart” usage groups were formed as 1) a physical organ 2) the emotion center 3) the intelligence center 4) the center of willpower and desires 5) the center of spiritual life and religious experience 6) the symbolic core of a human being, the synonym of a human being in general, spirit or soul in particular. An assumption is made about the presence of an intertextual connection between some fragments of the Apgitir chrábaid where the concept of “heart” is present and a number of biblical texts (Gospel of John, Epistle to the Ephesians, The Second Epistle of Peter).
“The old burden” of subjectivity in criticism of L. Feuerbach and Junghegelianer
Authors:   Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Misyurov Nikolay N.
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the consideration of key aspects of the socio-political meaning and direction of the philosophical and theological doctrine of the Junghegelianer. The nomination of philosophy as the “mother of sciences”, combining the old metaphysics and new dialectic, to the center of the social “agenda” is explained both by internal reasons (split in the Hegel “school”, competition from positivism, renaissance of theological thought), and the impact of external factors. The problem of understanding “subjectivity” in the philosophical critique of the 1840s, which turned out to be a stumbling block for many panellists, is explored; the categorical content of the concept has not been clarified. The task is to identify the basic characteristics of such widely interpreted “subjectivity” and clarify the positions of the parties. Replacing the speculative practices of the “old” Kantian school with intellectual (going from Schelling) “procedures” of philosophizing formed a completely new philosophical paradigm of a different era. The revolution of 1848 updated many philosophical ideas, filling them with social content. The conclusions state the contradiction and a certain eclecticism of the philosophical designs of the Junghegelianer.
Metaphilosophical pessimism of C. McGinn
Authors:   Moscow State University, Pavlov Alexey S.
Published: June 2021

This article is dedicated to the metaphilosophical pessimism of C. McGinn. McGinn is known as a main proponent of “new mysterianism” in the contemporary analytic philosophy of mind. According to mysterianism, we can’t solve the mind-body problem because of the natural cognitive limitations on our side. McGinn’s view on the nature of philosophy is the component of this conception. In general, mysterian metaphilosophy didn’t get enough coverage in the research literature but it deserves a bigger interest. McGinn argues that philosophy is actually a combination of unsolvable problems. He identifies the scientific/philosophical demarcation criterion as the potential solvability for the human mind. However, this metaphilosophical position faces serious difficulties. At first, if the objections of U. Kriegel and D. Dennett are right and the mysterian cognitive closure thesis is not sufficiently proved, then the termination of research on a number of philosophical issues may also be an unreasoned decision. Secondly, there is a threat of performative contradiction. But we could try to explain this contradiction by considering the style of analytic philosophy itself which is characterized by dialogical form and free dealing with the ideas considered as possible options. In the article, the standard methods of historicophilosophical investigation are used including the comparative analysis and the principle of objective analysis of a text in the work with sources.
The influence of J.-P. Sartre’s philosophy on the mimetic theory of R. Girard
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Gafurov Maxim V.
Published: June 2021

Certainly Sartre had an enormous influence on the subsequent philosophical thought, primarily in France. Rene Girard did not ignore this thinker either. In this article we will look at the influence of Sartre’s philosophy on the formation of Rene Girard’s mimetic theory. Already in his early work, “Deceit, Desire and the Novel: Self and Other in Literary Structure”, Rene Girard repeatedly refers to the work of Sartre, explaining how his work can be considered in the context of mimetic theory. Further, in an interview with Michel Treger in 1992, Girard controversially proposes to examine the existential-phenomenological constructions of Sartre by means of mimetic theory, putting forward his vision and critical view on overcoming the Cartesian dualism that Girard finds in Sartre’s philosophy. The author of the article considers the convergence of the mimetic theory of R. Girard with some provisions of the work by J.-P. Sartre, turning to one of the main philosophical works of J.-P. Sartre “Being and Nothingness”, which also influenced the early work of R. Girard. It should be noted that J.-P. Sartre does not offer a system describing the mechanisms of mimetic desire. But through the prism of mimetic theory we can see certain philosophical intuitions that reveal to us the nature of mimetic desires in the works of Sartre.
Transformation of education: Possible perspectives
Authors:   Bryansk State University of Engineering and Technology, Okhlupina Olga V.
Published: June 2021

In the light of the growing technological revolution, the question of the viability of traditional education has become more acute. They try to persuade the proponents of digital transformation that it is inefficient in the new conditions. Schools and universities are intimidated by the generation Z which is "non-compliant" with standard approaches. They spend most of their free time online, have a clip way of thinking and are unable to concentrate their attention on something for a long time. Opponents of digitalization try to protect teenagers from unlimited use of gadgets. Issues about reasonable use of digital devices which do not harm their health are widely discussed. But in the spring of 2020, there arose such a situation that the harm from using gadgets by teenagers could not be compared to the possibility of the learning process breakdown. Educational institutions are urgently switched to distance learning. The transition revealed many problems, some of which were being solved in the course of the working process. It becomes obvious that distance learning cannot be used as the only possible format of work. The future of education depends on many factors. Will it remain universal with the quality mark of traditional education, or will it undergo a radical transformation? The purpose of this article is to find out whether the new generation of young people is so different that all the approaches of the traditional education system are smashed against its “armor”. Or, under the banner of the generation Z, the idea of a radical transition to a completely new education is being promoted.
Operationalising recognition of prior learning (RPL): a case study from Bahrain Polytechnic
Authors: Coombridge Rodney , Alansari Shaima
Published: June 2021

This case study describe how Bahrain Polytechnic maintains academic quality while responding to students’ expectations that prior learning will be recognized in a competitive market. Although recognising prior learning is important for enhancing the student experience, Higher Education Institutions (HEI’s) need confidence in the quality of transferring students prior learning. Bahrain Polytechnic differ from other HEI’s in the Kingdom of Bahrain in that it delivers applied, professional and technical qualifications. Graduates are expected to be work-ready; confident and competent, aware of what is expected of them in the professional world, and able to perform to their full potential (Bahrain Polytechnic, 2017). Programmes, qualifications and courses, and the underlying methodology of how they are delivered are developed in consultation with businesses, industries, professions, international education and training institutions to ensure that Bahrain Polytechnic graduates meet the needs of the labour market, thus supplying Bahrain’s economy with a source of highly skilled graduates. This enforces the use of a unique teaching and learning philosophy represented in Problem-based Learning (PBL) (Bahrain Polytechnic, 2017). Therefore, Bahrain Polytechnic need to be very cautious when assessing any RPL application. This paper identifies student mobility and internationalization as important and legitimate issues for both individual institutions and for educational quality assurance bodies. It then focuses on the Bahrain Polytechnic’s approach in acknowledging students prior learning through formal education. Following significant internal consultation, Bahrain Polytechnic has developed a more robust process for awarding credits/ exemptions to students based on formal education in other approved HEI’s.
Reconfiguração das práticas de edição de textualidades em ambiente digital a partir de mediações algorítmicas
Authors: Cruz Luana Teixeira de Souza
Published: June 2021

RESUMO: As dinâmicas de circulação de textos em ambiente digital são bastante alteradas pela mediação algorítmica e uso de plataformas. Esses softwares detêm o poder simbólico de gatekeepers da sociedade contemporânea, definindo não somente quais informações devem circular, mas reconfigurando práticas e percepções coletivas. Este artigo traz um olhar sobre esse processo de reconfiguração com foco nas práticas incorporadas para edição e publicação de textos. Tem como objetivo fazer uma breve análise sobre um dos trabalhos de engenharia reversa (Gillespie, 2018) praticados por produtores de informação, que tentam deduzir os critérios dos algoritmos desde que ferramentas computacionais passaram a mediar meios de expressão e circulação de informação. Em especial, analisa como o uso do plugin Yoast S.E.O. para Wordpress interfere nas ações de editing com a promessa de assegurar visibilidade na instância publishing, mostrando que produtores de informação adotam para suas rotinas a “obediência” às lógicas de medição algorítmica.
Czym jest hejt? Kilka słów o werbalnej nienawiści
Authors: Olczyk Adam
Published: June 2021

W artykule przedstawiona zostaje propozycja rozumienia słowa hejt w języku polskim. Pierwsza część rozważań poświęcona jest wyjaśnieniu zjawiska nienawiści, z akcentem na przypadkowy charakter tego uczucia (w tym zakresie następuje bezpośrednie odniesienie do hejtu). Kolejno hejt zostaje przyłożony do prawnego pojęcia „mowa nienawiści”, w związku z czym zostają wyróżnione dwie jego podstawowe cechy: (1) ukierunkowanie na jednostkę oraz (2) brak konieczności istnienia zaplecza ideologicznego
Wobec krzywdzących słów. Kilka uwag o niezmiennych mechanizmach mowy nienawiści
Authors: Więckiewicz Agnieszka
Published: June 2021

W artykule przedstawiono koncepcję odróżnienia hejtu od języka propagandy i mowy nienawiści poprzez wskazanie na łączące je bezpośrednio relacje. Kolejno, z perspektywy różnych ujęć badawczych, omówione zostały społeczne i językowe uwarunkowania hejtu. Następnie, dzięki zestawieniu trzech klasycznych tekstów dotyczących mowy nienawiści, ukazano niezmienne mechanizmy rządzące zarówno mową nienawiści oraz językiem propagandy, jak i językiem hejtu. W końcowej części artykułu omówione zostały możliwości obrony przed krzywdzącymi komentarzami lub wypowiedziami.
Szkodniki czy „partyzanci” cyberprzestrzeni? Próba typologizacji trolli internetowych
Authors: Garbowski Marcin
Published: June 2021

Artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie propozycji kryteriów podziału poszczególnych rodzajów użytkowników internetu zwanych potocznie oraz w literaturze fachowej „internetowymi trollami”. Zawiera odniesienia do istniejących w polskim obiegu naukowym publikacji, jak również poszerza zakres terminu, który odnosi się przede wszystkim do prowokatorów obecnych w przestrzeni mediów społecznościowych, ale także do hejterów, atencjuszy, czy spammerów. Autor porównuje działania trolli internetowych do partyzantki, która wykorzystując niekonwencjonalne metody walki przeciwstawia się, bądź konkuruje z odgórnie zorganizowanymi strukturami oraz narzuconymi autorytetami.
Hejtowanie hejterów, czyli jak radzimy sobie z mową nienawiści w internecie
Authors: Wysokińska Aleksandra
Published: June 2021

W ostatnim czasie jesteśmy świadkami rosnącej popularności zjawiska społeczno-kulturowego określonego mianem „hejtu”. Stał się on tematem niezwykle medialnym i nośnym, a każda akcja rodzi reakcję. Z czasem zaczęły się pojawiać inicjatywy mające na celu potępienie, napiętnowanie lub po prostu zwrócenie uwagi na problem. Artykuł ma na celu prezentację różnych prób przeciwdziałania zjawisku hejterstwa w sieci na wybranych przykładach. Została omówiona również ich recepcja, zarówno wśród użytkowników, jak i mediów opiniotwórczych. Autorka dokonała także ich socjologicznej analizy.
Co by było, gdyby Arystofanes miał Facebooka?
Authors: Musiałczyk Jakub
Published: June 2021

Celem pracy jest omówienie komedii Arystofanesa pod kątem zawartej w nich krytyki władz ateńskich i demokracji, Sokratesa i sofistów oraz Eurypidesa i jego poglądów. Analiza dotyczy argumentów, języka i środków, jakimi posługiwał się Arystofanes (żarty, aluzje, przeinaczanie nazw własnych), by wyrazić negatywną, często radykalną, opinię na określony temat. Przedstawiona zostanie także reakcja widzów na komedie Arystofanesa i atakowanych Greków (Kleona i Sokratesa). Autor stara się również wskazać różnice pomiędzy krytyką komediopisarza a dzisiejszym „hejterstwem”.
Hejterstwo w polityce — znak czasów czy odwieczny element gry politycznej?
Authors: Durajczyk Kamil
Published: June 2021

W artykule autor porusza tematykę mowy nienawiści, odnosząc ją do szerokorozumianej sfery polityki. Dokonuje podziału hejterstwa w obszarze polityki na hejt czynny i bierny. Pierwszy realizowany jest przez osoby aktywnie zaangażowane w życie polityczne, a więc polityków. Drugi zaś przejawia się w aktywności społeczeństwa biernie obserwującego i oceniającego życie polityczne, w tym również dziennikarzy oraz komentatorów medialnych. Zasadniczym tłem rozważań jest zaś pytanie czy hejt polityczny istniał od zawsze czy też jest wytworem współczesności.
Hejterstwo: przejaw wiedzy czy niewiedzy? Analiza wypowiedzi internautów w odniesieniu do zjawiska ubóstwa
Authors: Przybylski Michał
Published: June 2021

Celem artykułu jest analiza negatywnych komentarzy do artykułów odnoszących się do osób ubogich wspieranych przez instytucje pomocy społecznej i korzystających ze świadczeń pieniężnych i niepieniężnych. Podjęta została próba zmierzenia się z pytaniem, czy internauci decydujący się na stosowanie języka nienawiści w stosunku do grup zagrożonych wykluczeniem społecznym robią to w oparciu o posiadaną wiedzę na temat zjawiska, czy też powielają stereotypy dotyczące osób żyjących w warunkach biedy.
Zawodnicy z ligi przeklętych – getta współczesnych Niemiec i ich reprezentacje w twórczości Feriduna Zaimoglu
Authors: Wesołowska Olga
Published: June 2021

Migration in modern world affects ghettoization. Also Germany is struggling with this problem, especially in urban areas. Immigrant neighborhoods are becoming districts which are often described as ghettos. And only do they have their own rules, but also own language – a kind of sociolect. The aim of this article is to analyze the representations of contemporary German ghettos in works of Feridun Zaimoglu (based on his novels Kanak Spark and Koppstoff).
Zjawisko migracji leksemów z angielszczyzny do polszczyzny (na przykładzie nowego słownictwa internetowego)
Authors: Kacperska Beata
Published: June 2021

Polish Internet’s lexis is one of those areas where there is a strong tendency to migrate language elements. Users of social media, messengers or auction sites eagerly borrow words of English to Polish and then absorb and disseminate it in everyday speech. On the basis of the collected research material (mainly new non-personal nouns), the article shows the trends that can be seen in the reception and assimilation of new words thematically related to the internet. Attention was paid to such elements as their word-formation and variability of spelling.
Then on the similarity of dictionary entries describes two nouns borrowings: selfie and clickbait.
Estresse tecnológico e a intenção de permanecer nas organizações: A qualidade de vida e o conflito trabalho-lar medeiam essa relação?
Authors: Carvalho Ozaias  Wagner Ferreira de , D'Angelo Marcia Juliana
Published: June 2021

Este estudo descritivo quantitativo discute os efeitos do estresse tecnológico no conflito trabalho-casa, na qualidade de vida e na intenção de permanecer nas organizações entre os usuários de Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) em seu trabalho diário. É uma pesquisa descritiva e quantitativa com 473 respondentes de empresas públicas e privadas. Os resultados confirmam os efeitos negativos dos criadores do estresse tecnológico e os efeitos positivos dos inibidores do estresse tecnológico no conflito trabalho-casa, na qualidade de vida e na intenção de permanecer nas organizações. Por fim, a qualidade de vida medeia parcialmente a relação entre o estresse tecnológico e a intenção de permanecer nas organizações.
Characterisation of fungal communities and functions in agricultural soils
Authors:   The James Hutton Institute, UK, Taylor Andy F. S. ,   University of Aberdeen, UK, Freitag Thomas ,   The James Hutton Institute, UK, Robinson Lucinda J. ,   The James Hutton Institute, UK, White Duncan ,   The James Hutton Institute, UK
Published: June 2021

One of the main drivers for the recent interest in utilising fungi has been the development of molecular technologies which allow us to investigate fungal communities in detail. We have made significant steps forward in understanding numbers and functions of fungal communities in soil. If we are to make progress in harnessing fungal communities for improving the sustainability of our production systems, we need to improve our ability to accurately monitor species composition, abundance and interactions, and to increase our understanding of functional traits. This chapter presents recent advances in the study of these ubiquitous and vital components of all terrestrial ecosystems.
Advances in visual soil evaluation techniques
Authors:   Aarhus University, Denmark, Pulido-Moncada Mansonia , Ball Bruce C. ,   formerly Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), UK, Cornelis Wim M. ,   Ghent University, Belgium
Published: June 2021

Soil structure is a complex and dynamic soil property that constitutes a key aspect of soil health. Soil structure assessment can be evaluated in the field by visual soil evaluation techniques. Development and improvement of these techniques/methods have been the focus of numerous soil scientists worldwide since the mid-20th century. Divided into topsoil and soil profile methods, they differ in principle and level of detail of the assessment. The development and protocols of selected methods are presented in this chapter in chronological order of development, to show differences in methodological approaches. The description given for each of the methods includes guidance for the appropriate selection of the method to be used by stakeholders. Two case studies are given as examples of i) how visual techniques can contribute to achieving the challenges for developing sustainable agricultural management focused on nurturing soil fertility, and ii) the use of visual techniques as tools to assess and monitor soil health in developing countries.
Advances in measuring mechanical properties of soil in relation to soil health
Authors:   University of West London, UK, Naveed Muhammad
Published: June 2021

Although mechanical properties of soil are fast and easy to measure, they have not been used as indicators of soil health apart from cone penetration resistance. The confined compression test is traditionally used for the prediction of soil compaction risks. Other mechanical tests such as soil rheometry, miniature indentation test, and tensile strength are used for assessing the impact of certain amendments on the stability of the soil. Rheological techniques are appropriate to investigate microstructural stability of soil on a particle-particle scale. Miniature indentation test is very useful to perform when mechanical properties of soil are required to measure at the mm scale. Measurement of the tensile strength of soil has an advantage as it eliminates the effect of water content. There is clearly a need for more practical and rigorous testing on comparing different mechanical properties of the soil to test how they perform relative to each other.
Spectral mapping of soil organic carbon
Authors:   Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium, van Wesemael Bas
Published: June 2021

This chapter first reviews recent pilot studies covering limited areas often with exposed bare soils. Then we focus on the challenges for large-scale application of spectral mapping when the soil and parent material are heterogeneous and surface conditions are unknown. In order to deal with these constraints we discuss i) calibration of spectral models based on large spectral libraries, ii) surface conditions that disturb the soil signal, and iii) time series of images in order to delimit cropland fields and increase the extent of bare soil that can be mapped. Finally, a case study deals with a SOC prediction map derived from the spectra of a Sentinel-2 image and calibrated using the LUCAS spectral library.
Analisis Efisiensi Biaya Produksi Usaha Peternakan Itik Petelur Sebagai Pengembangan Telur Itik Di Candi Sidoarjo
Authors: Permatasari Dian Ayu
Published: June 2021

Peran sub sektor peternakan terhadap pembangunan pertanian cukup signifikan, dimana industri perunggasan merupakan pemicu utama perkembangan usaha di sub sektor peternakan. Permintaan pangan hewani asal ternak (daging, telur dan susu) dari waktu ke waktu cenderung meningkat sejalan dengan pertambahan jumlah penduduk, pendapatan, kesadaran gizi, dan perbaikan tingkat pendidikan. Terdapat dua cara pengelolaan produksi telur, yakni produksi telur olahan dan tanpa olahan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui analisis kelayakan usaha peternakan itik petelur produksi telur olahan dan tanpa olahan dan analisis efisiensi biaya produksi telur itik olahan dan tanpa olahan. Indikator analisis kelayakan usaha yaitu BEP unit, BEP harga, B/C ratio, ROI dan Payback Period. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usaha peternakan itik petelur produksi telur olahan di Candi Sidoarjo merupakan usaha yang dapat dikategorikan layak untuk dilaksanakan dengan nilai rata-rata BEP unit 123.056 butir, rata-rata nilai BEP harga Rp 1.505,-, rata-rata nilai B/C Ratio 0,78, rata-rata nilai Return On Investment 73%, rata-rata nilai Payback Period1,90. Hasil perhitungan nilai efisiensi biaya produksi telur itik olahan menunjukkan bahwa yang paling efisien adalah responden dengan populasi 500 ekor, produksi telur 350 butir per hari atau 105.000 butir per periode dengan efisiensi biaya produksi 49%.
The ghosts of collections past: characterisation of Neohouzeaua mekongensis (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae: Melocanninae) with an epitype
Authors:   Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand, Sungkaew Sarawood , Teerawatananon Atchara ,   Natural History Museum, National Science Museum, Technopolis, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand, Goh Wei Lim ,   Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia, Rattamanee Chakkrapong ,   Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Burapha University, Sa Kaeo Campus, Wathana Nakhon, Sa Kaeo 27160, Thailand, Ohrnberger Dieter ,   Baan Sammi Nature Resort and Bamboo Garden, Doi Saket, Chiang Mai, 50220, Thailand, Xia Nianhe ,   South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510650, China, Wong Khoon Meng ,   Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, 259569, Singapore
Published: June 2021

Identifying a bamboo taxon from the Asian seasonal tropics is notoriously difficult, if not impossible, especially when the type material is lacking vegetative parts. This is due to the fact that old type material associated with the naming of bamboos often consists of only flowering branches and perhaps just a few leaves, and, as bamboos in the field are vegetative for prolonged periods prior to flowering, they are therefore not easily identifiable much of the time. Investigating one such bamboo, Neohouzeaua mekongensis, we show that previous flowering collections made during the seasonal dry (flowering) season could not have easily included key vegetative parts, such as the culm sheaths, which would have assisted in their recognition at other times. We trace this species back to its type localities and propose an epitype in order that its vegetative characteristics are made available to complement the floral characteristics of the original material.
Polyploidy and its implications in plants breeding – A review
Authors: Yirga Masreshaw
Published: June 2021

Polyploidy is a prominent force of shaping the evolution of in most of ferns and flowering plants. Polyploidy has tremendous contribution in plants improvement program. It is the polyploidy breeding through which new crops can be developed and interspecific genes can be transferred and also the origin of crops can be traced. It is now an interesting field of study to reveal the evolution of crop plants and utilizing their variability in the field of crop breeding. Polyploidy generally differ markedly from their progenitors in morphological, ecological, physiological and cytological characteristics that can contribute both to exploitation of a new niche and to reproductive isolation. As a result, polyploidy is a major mechanism of adaptation and speciation in plants. Another implication of polyploidy is development heterosis in plant breeding. Unlike diploids which may lose heterosis with each consecutive generation due to segregation, polyploidy imposes pairing of homologous chromosomes, thus preventing intergenomic recombination. In this way, heterozygosity is maintained throughout generations. One of the immediate and obvious consequences of polyploidy in plants is an increase in cell size which in turn leads to enlarged plant organs relative to diploids. It is also used in bridge crossing, development of seedless fruits like watermelon and production of apomictic crops.
Effect of biofertilizers on growth, photosynthetic and biochemical parameters of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
Authors: Prabakaran S. , Bakiyaraj R. , Baskaran L.
Published: June 2021

The biofertilizers are commonly called as microbial inoculants which are capable of mobilizing important nutritional elements in the soil from non-usable to usable form by the crop plants through their biological processes. The present investigation was carried out to study the application of soil organic amendments Azospirillum, Rhizobium, Phosphobacteria and Pseudomonas fluorescens significantly increased morphological, photosynthetic and biochemical parameters on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) at all growth stages. It can be concluded that biofertilizer manure can be used for quick stabilization of soil fertility as well as biological activities, which is in turn help in nutrient availability during transition periods. Finally, it was observed that the plants treated with experimental biofertilizer Rhizobium showed excellent results in the morphological and biochemical parameters as compared to the other biofertilizers and also control.
THE GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM BILBAO AND BASQUE HIGH CUISINE: AN APPROACH TO THE TRANSMISSION OF KNOW-HOW
Authors: Plaza Beatriz
Published: June 2021

The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao is becoming an important tourist attraction in the Basque Country. Additional tangible and intangible assets are also relevant to the success of the tourist industry. In this context, the aim of this article is to study Basque fine cuisine and to identify the mechanism of transmission of know-how. We should keep in mind that this territory contains one of the highest concentration of Michelin stared restaurants of Spain.
IMPORTANCE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY
Authors: Miškulin Čubrić Dolores
Published: June 2021

This paper represents an investigation to which extent employees in the field of tourism and hospitality industry value the importance of foreign languages, especially the language for specific purposes in their everyday work. The aim of the survey conducted on two groups with altogether eighty participants, was to analyse attitudes for the importance of the foreign language in their everyday work as well as the use and accessibility of various media in their work. The results of the research are compared to the ones from our previous investigation in the motivation of students from FTHM for foreign language learning to which the present one is the logical continuation.
QUALITY OF UNIVERSITY’S TOURISM EDUCATION
Authors: Peršić Milena
Published: June 2021

The term globalisation has become a part of everyday language in business and political circles and also in education. Croatian tourism is a part of the global economy. It is very important for a small country like Croatia to recognise its environment and to define its goals and priorities. The educational system needs special attention with respect to the development strategy of Croatian tourism, through the framework of the reconstruction o f the Croatian economy and redefinition of tourism products. It is necessary to educate and train tourism professionals through full-time education programs, on-the-job education and training, and continuing education. A good education system has to be based on scientific research. Educational development needs goal-oriented research. Educational programs should be created to parallel users’ needs. In the framework of education, global planning and quality curriculum development is especially dependent upon external relationships and students mobility (ECTS - system).