bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Widespread greening suggests increased dry-season plant water availability in the Rio Santa valley, Peruvian Andes
Authors: Hänchen Lorenz , Klein Cornelia , Maussion Fabien , Gurgiser Wolfgang , Calanca Pierluigi , Wohlfahrt Georg
Published: March 2022

Abstract. In the semi-arid Peruvian Andes, the growing season is mostly determined by the timing of the onset and retreat of the wet season, to which annual
crop yields are highly sensitive. Recently, local farmers in the Rio Santa basin (RSB) reported more erratic rainy season onsets and further
challenges related to changes in rainfall characteristics. Previous studies based on local rain gauges, however, did not find any significant
long-term rainfall changes, potentially linked to the scarce data basis and inherent difficulties in capturing the highly variable rainfall
distribution typical for complex mountain terrain. To date, there remains considerable uncertainty in the RSB regarding changes in plant-available
water over the last decades. In this study, we exploit satellite-derived information of high-resolution vegetation greenness as an integrated proxy to
derive variability and trends of plant water availability. By combining MODIS Aqua and Terra vegetation indices (VIs), datasets of precipitation (both for 2000–2020)
and soil moisture (since 2015), we explore recent spatio-temporal changes in the vegetation growing season. We find the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to be coupled to soil
moisture on a sub-seasonal basis, while NDVI and rainfall only coincide on interannual timescales. Over 20 years, we find significant greening in
the RSB, particularly pronounced during the dry season (austral winter), indicating an overall increase in plant-available water over the past 2 decades. The start of the growing season (SOS) exhibits high interannual variability of up to 2 months compared to the end of the growing season
(EOS), which varies by up to 1 month, therefore dominating the variability of the growing season length (LOS). The EOS becomes significantly
delayed over the analysis period, matching the observed dry-season greening. While both in situ and gridded rainfall datasets show incoherent
changes in annual rainfall for the region, Climate Hazards InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) rainfall suggests significant positive dry-season trends for 2 months coinciding with the most
pronounced greening. As the greening signal is strongly seasonal and reaches high altitudes on unglaciated valley slopes, we cannot link this signal
to water storage changes on timescales beyond one rainy season, making interannual rainfall variability the most likely driver. Exploring El
Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) control on greening, we find an overall increased LOS linked to an earlier SOS in El Niño years, which
however cannot explain the observed greening and delayed EOS. While our study could not corroborate anecdotal evidence of recent changes, we confirm
that the SOS is highly variable and conclude that rainfed farming in the RSB would profit from future efforts being directed towards improving
medium-range forecasts of the rainy season onset.
Three months of combined high resolution rainfall and wind data collected on a wind farm
Authors: Gires Auguste , Jose Jerry , Tchiguirinskaia Ioulia , Schertzer Daniel
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The Hydrology, Meteorology, and Complexity laboratory of École des Ponts ParisTech (hmco.enpc.fr) has made a data set of atmospheric measurements available. It comes from a campaign carried out on a meteorological mast located on a wind farm in the framework of the RW-Turb project (supported by the French National Research Agency – ANR-19- CE05-0022). Six devices are used : two 3D sonic anemometers (manufactured by Thies), two mini meteorological stations (manufactured by Thies), and two disdrometers (Parsivel2, manufactured by OTT). They are installed at two heights (approx. 45 m and 80 m), which enables to monitor potential effects of altitude will be used. The temporal resolution is of 100 Hz for the 3D sonic anemometers, 1 Hz for the meteorological stations and 30 s for the disdrometers. A multifractal analysis is implemented to assess the effective resolution of the devices and it suggested that anemometers and stations are able to measure expected variability only down to 1 s and 16 s respectively. Link to the data set: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5801900 (Gires et al., 2021).
Detrainment and braking of snow avalanches interacting with forests
Authors: Védrine Louis , Li Xingyue , Gaume Johan
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Mountain forests provide natural protection against avalanches. They can both prevent avalanche formation in release zones and reduce avalanche mobility in runout areas. Although the braking effect of forests has been previously explored through global statistical analyses on documented avalanches, little is known about the mechanism of snow detrainment in forests for small and medium avalanches. In this study, we investigate the detrainment and braking of snow avalanches in forested terrain, by performing three-dimensional simulations using the material point method (MPM) and a large-strain elastoplastic snow constitutive model based on critical state soil mechanics. First, the snow internal friction is evaluated using existing field measurements based on the detrainment mass, showing the feasibility of the numerical framework and offering a reference case for further exploration of different snow types. Then, we systematically investigate the influence of snow properties and forest parameters on avalanche characteristics. Our results suggest that for both the cold and warm snow parameterized in our simulations, the detrainment mass decreases with the square of the avalanche front velocity before it reaches a plateau value. Furthermore, the detrainment mass significantly depends on snow properties. It can be as much as 10 times larger for warm snow compared to cold snow. By examining the effect of forest configurations, it is found that forest density and tree diameter have cubic and square relations with the detrainment mass, respectively. The outcomes of this study may contribute to the development of improved formulations of avalanche–forest interaction models in popular operational simulation tools and thus improve hazard assessment for alpine geophysical mass flows in forested terrain.
Atmospheric blocking and weather extremes over the Euro-Atlantic sector – a review
Authors: Kautz Lisa-Ann , Martius Olivia , Pfahl Stephan , Pinto Joaquim G. , Ramos Alexandre M. , Sousa Pedro M. , Woollings Tim
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The physical understanding and timely prediction of extreme weather events are of enormous importance to society due to their associated impacts. In this article, we highlight several types of weather extremes occurring in Europe in connection with a particular atmospheric flow pattern, known as atmospheric blocking. This flow pattern effectively blocks the prevailing westerly large-scale atmospheric flow, resulting in changing flow anomalies in the vicinity of the blocking system and persistent conditions in the immediate region of its occurrence. Blocking systems are long-lasting, quasi-stationary and self-sustaining systems that occur frequently over certain regions. Their presence and characteristics have an impact on the predictability of weather extremes and can thus be used as potential indicators. The phasing between the surface and the upper-level blocking anomalies is of major importance for the development of the extreme event. In summer, heat waves and droughts form below the blocking anticyclone primarily via large-scale subsidence that leads to cloud-free skies and, thus, persistent shortwave radiative warming of the ground. In winter, cold waves that occur during atmospheric blocking are normally observed downstream or south of these systems. Here, meridional advection of cold air masses from higher latitudes plays a decisive role. Depending on their location, blocking systems also may lead to a shift in the storm track, which influences the occurrence of wind and precipitation anomalies. Due to these multifaceted linkages, compound events are often observed in conjunction with blocking conditions. In addition to the aforementioned relations, the predictability of extreme events associated with blocking and links to climate change are assessed. Finally, current knowledge gaps and pertinent research perspectives for the future are discussed.
Acquisition of Science Process Skills through Alternative Learning Modalities among Senior Secondary School Students
Authors: Gastar Jessa Mae E. , Linaugo Joji D.
Published: March 2022

The Philippine Department of Education provided Self-learning Modules accompanied by alternative learning modalities, such as modular and online learning, to ensure that learning continues amidst the pandemic. This study assessed the level of acquired basic and integrated science process skills (SPS) of senior high school STEM students. Likewise, this study identified which among the two alternative learning modalities best contributes to the acquisition of science process skills. Through descriptive and inferential analyses, results showed that both online and modular distance learning modality contributes to the acquisition of SPS, indicating the adherence to the mandate of the DepEd in delivering quality education in the new normal. However, the significantly lower level of acquired integrated SPS among learners taking modular learning modality suggests the need to integrate SPS in modules using supplementary instructional materials.
Nalar Pendidikan Feminis Dalam Konstruksi Kesetaraan Gender Amina Wadud
Authors: Fahmi Muhammad , Alfiyah Hanik Yuni
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab beberapa permasalahan: (1) Bagaimanakah konstruksi kesetaraan gender Amina Wadud? (2) Bagaimanakah nalar pendidikan feminis dalam konstruksi kesetaraan gender Amina Wadud? (3) Bagaimanakah implikasi nalar pendidikan feminis Amina Wadud bagi eksistensi pendidikan Islam?

Permasalahan yang ada dijawab melalui penelitian kualitatif-literatur (library research) dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui inventarisir data-data primer, sekunder, dan pendukung. Data primer bersumber dari karya-karya Amina Wadud; data sekunder diambil dari karya orang tentang pemikiran Amina Wadud; dan data pendukung didapat dari karya-karya yang terkait dengan tema penelitian. Data-data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan teknik analisis isi (content analysis).

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa:

Konstruksi kesetaraan gender Amina Wadud didasarkan pada tafsir tauhid. Perempuan dan laki-laki hanya sebutan istilah spesies, keduanya memiliki peran yang setara dan seimbang. Keduanya dilahirkan dari jalan yang sama. Kemudian dimatikan dengan jalan yang masih bersifat rahasia. Lalu dibangkitkan di suatu tempat (padang mahsyar), diadili sesuai dengan amalan masing-masing. Hal utama yang membedakan peran antar manusia laki-laki dan perempuan adalah kapasitas ketaqwaannya, bukan jenis kelaminnya.

Nalar pendidikan feminis begitu tampak dalam konstruksi kesetaraan gender Amina Wadud. Amina Wadud benar-benar memperjuangkan kesetaraan relasi antara perempuan dan laki-laki di ranah publik. Jenis kelamin tidak menjadi pijakan utama untuk merekomendasikan apakah seseorang itu layak berkarir ataukah tidak. Pijakan utama adalah capacity atau quality. Dengan paradigma ini, maka perempuan dan laki-laki mempunyai kesempatan yang sama untuk berkarir di ranah yang sesuai dengan kapasitasnya. Inilah nalar pendidikan feminis, pendidikan yang pro terhadap keadilan gender.

Nalar pendidikan feminis, yakni pendidikan yang memperjuangkan kesetaraan relasi peran perempuan dan laki-laki, berimplikasi bagi eksistensi pendidikan Islam. Implikasinya, pendidikan Islam harus berpihak pada kesetaraan dan keadilan gender. Desain dan praktik pendidikan Islam yang berkeadilan gender harus dimulai dari kebijakan, perencanaan, pelaksanaan, kontrol, evaluasi dan penganggarannya. Implikasi nalar pendidikan feminis bagi pendidikan Islam berarti pendidikan Islam harus berpihak pada upaya mewujudkan kesetaraan dan keadilan gender.
Covid-19 in Africa: Exploring the Factors that Predict Public Acceptance & Use of the Covid-19 Vaccine in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Dzordzormenyoh Michael , Asafo Divine M. , Domeh Theresah O. , Domeh Beatrice O.
Published: March 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in many unprecedented mortality and fatalities globally. To address the negative effects of the pandemic on the general public and nations, the Covid-19 vaccine was developed and rolled out globally. However, historical evidence suggests that Africans initially struggle to accept and use vaccines because of misconceptions and ignorance and the Covid-19 vaccine might not be an exception. This study identifies the various factors that influence citizens' acceptance and use of the Covid-19 vaccine in Africa, specifically Sub-Saharan Africa using a chi-square analysis of 3000 respondents from six countries. Results from our analysis suggest that vaccine specific issues such as safety, effectiveness, availability, delivery methods, and other factors strongly correlate with acceptance and use of the Covid-19 vaccine. The findings of this study have serious implications for both theory and practice in Africa and globally.
Policing Proof-of-Stake Networks
Authors: Hart Jessica
Published: March 2022

Blockchain networks have increasingly turned to proof-of-stake (“PoS”) protocols as a mechanism for discouraging bad behavior and securing participants’ data. In doing so, they have not only improved their energy consumption but also increased their accessibility. Still, the technological proficiency required of participants in PoS networks presents certain barriers to inclusivity. Third-party services known as staking-as-a-service (“StaaS”) providers have emerged as a popular solution to participants personally securing the network. The nature of this sub-contractual relationship has raised questions regarding the need for their regulation. In response to regulatory concerns, some practitioners have suggested that StaaS arrangements should qualify as “investment contracts” per SEC v. Howey and thus “securities” under the Securities Act of 1933. While much litigation has surrounded the question of whether cryptocurrencies vis-à-vis initial coin offerings (“ICOs”) constitute securities, none has yet addressed the question on StaaS providers within these networks. Accordingly, this Note explores the potential arguments in favor and against regulating StaaS providers as issuers of securities under Howey. It argues that the uniqueness of and variations among StaaS contracts make these arrangements unsuitable for regulation as securities. Instead, both StaaS users and PoS networks at large can benefit from a regulatory framework tailored to this innovative and nuanced technology.
FINANCIAL INCLUSION DAN STABILITAS KEUANGAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Parsaulian Baginda
Published: March 2022

The financial sector has an important role in the economy of a country in the current era of globalization. Financial Technology (Fintech) has changed the financial system to be easier and faster where in the transaction process no longer uses physical money (currency) and demand deposits (demand deposits) or bank accounts, but a number of funds that have been transferred and recognized as balances in the application certain and can be used to carry out financial transactions the same as using physical money (currency) but it is easier and more practical to use a cellular phone and the application.

                   Financial inclusion implemented by the government focuses on increasing financial access for people who have not yet enjoyed the services of formal financial institutions due to barriers to accessing them. Financial inclusion in practice can have both positive and negative impacts. As a positive impact, financial inclusion besides being able to overcome income inequality also has the potential to improve financial stability, this is because the poor's access to savings from formal financial institutions can increase the capacity of households to manage financial vulnerabilities caused by the adverse effects of the crisis, diversify the funding base from institutions. that can reduce shocks during global crises, increase economic resilience by accelerating growth, facilitating diversification, and reducing poverty. The negative impact of financial inclusion is caused by a decrease in credit standards due to financial institutions trying to reach the lower class of the unbankable in the form of a decrease in loan requirements, this can increase the risk of a bank's reputation due to improving financial services facilities in several countries which lower the standard for establishing a financial institution for the region. rural areas, and can cause instability due to immature and sufficient regulation from microfinance institutions.
relevance of agile change management in a dynamic business environment
Authors: Grocholski Elena
Published: March 2022

Conventional change management approaches are increasingly reaching their limits in a business environment characterised by volatility, dynamics, and complexity. In other contexts, attempts are often made to counter these aspects with agile approaches. The extent to which this also makes sense in the field of change management has not been frequently investigated to date. The aim of this paper is therefore to examine the extent to which agile change management contributes to the successful handling of changes in a dynamic business environment. For this purpose, 30 interviews were conducted with change management and organisational development experts from various small, medium-sized, and large companies in Germany. The data obtained was primarily analysed qualitatively, using a structuring content analysis according to Mayring (2015). The results of the research show that change management can strongly benefit from agility. In particular, this is the case with respect to self-organisation, iteration, and experimentation. Agile change management makes sense even in more conventional, hierarchical organisations. However, there are indeed organisation-, project- or context-specific characteristics that speak particularly in favour of the use of agile change management approaches or make more conventional change management approaches seem more reasonable. Often, it is even advisable to use a clever mixture of both.
Trauma por arma de fogo com lesão de artéria axilar: relato de caso
Authors: Pereira De Carvalho Iara , Morioka Mayla , Corradi Carregal Daniel
Published: March 2022

A lesão das artérias subclávia e axilar é incomum. A abordagem cirúrgica de emergência requer ampla exposição e dissecção em áreas traumatizadas, sendo muitas vezes desafiadora e estando associada a morbidade significativa e mortalidade de aproximadamente 30%. Relatamos um caso de trauma penetrante em topografia axilar com o tratamento cirúrgico de sucesso.
A comprehensive review on medicinal values and health benefits of spices and condiments commonly used in the Indian sub-continent
Authors: Nur Manik Md. Imran , Ali Md. Hazrat , Nath Ray Manobendro , Islam Md. Monirul , Zobayed Abu , Hossain Md. Taleb , Md. Asadujjaman , Fahad T M , Khan Alam
Published: March 2022

Spices and condiments, in addition to imparting seasoning they also possess medicinal values. The essential oils are the active principles of the condiments and spices. The combination of numerous essential oil fractions, not only enhances the values of the food as appetizers by imparting fragrances but also accredit the therapeutic values when used in the cooking. Spices such as Cinnamon, Cloves, Black pepper are enriched in essential oils with pharmaceutically active compounds like cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, and piperine. Similarly, condiments like Coriander, Chili, Cumin, are recognized for constituents like allicin, curcumin, linalool, etc. These components hold antioxidants properties and for many diseases, works as naturally occurring defensive constituents. This work is intended to outline the medicinal potential of commonly used spices and condiments based on the findings and reports of recent research across South Asian countries where spices and condiments form chief flavoring components of traditional foods.
Comunicación política y estrategias emergentes en las campañas electorales digitales durante la pandemia de covid-19
Authors: García Orosa Berta
Published: March 2022

La covid 19 está modificando la política, especialmente en período electoral, cuando la búsqueda del voto se intensifica. La pandemia de influenza de 1918 no solo impactó en el desarrollo de la campaña electoral, sino que modificó para siempre los pilares de la comunicación política del momento. El artículo busca analizar las tendencias en las primeras campañas electorales celebradas durante la pandemia de covid-19 que podrían, igual que ocurrió en 1918, ser constitutivas de una nueva etapa de la comunicación política digital. Se analizaron las elecciones al Parlamento de Galicia en 2020. Se utilizó la triangulación metodológica con las siguientes técnicas de extracción y análisis de datos: revisión de bibliografía; análisis de contenido de webs y recursos digitales utilizados por los partidos en redes sociales; entrevistas con los periodistas que cubrieron la campaña en radio, prensa, televisión, agencias de información y medios digitales. Además, se hizo un seguimiento especial de Twitter, porque se ha convertido en uno de los principales elementos de difusión en comunicación política en campaña electoral. Los resultados muestran una intensa búsqueda de la presencialidad y del compromiso del ciudadano a través de nuevas estrategias de control del mensaje.
PLUM: Placement, Learning, and Understanding Math; Empowering Students Toward General Education Quantitative Reasoning Course Success
Authors: Newsome-Slade Vanessa , Newsome Chevelle , Parsh Bridget , Zeigler David
Published: March 2022

Although designed with good intent, remedial math courses have delayed or terminated many students’ college careers. Taking remedial courses can delay enrollment into courses for their major, or may, psychologically, result in students feeling unprepared for college. Despite the original intentions of developmental math programs, there is a growing body of evidence that remedial math courses are not effective in improving outcomes for students with the weakest math skills. With the elimination of remedial math courses, a multiprogram effort, PLUM (Placement, Learning, and Understanding Math) was created to empower students with sufficient knowledge and to detail a pathway to be successful in their quantitative reasoning courses. This was accomplished by tools to inform and empower first-time college students. After a brief historical background of the problems to be addressed, the philosophy and design of PLUM is detailed.
Evaluation of Pharmacological Aspirin Resistance and their Association with Gender and age in patients with Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Sadia Halima , Rasool Rehana , Zaman Shah , Hafeez Amtul , Iftikhar Ayesha , Akbar Hafiz Sajid , Saeed Robab , Bangash Sudhair Abbas
Published: March 2022

Background: Atherosclerosis is widely known to increase the risk of developing ischemic vascular events such as angina, transient ischemic attack, myocardial infarction and ischemic strokes. By using various methodologies aspirin resistance ranges from 0.8 to 70.1 %. Objective: The objective of current study was evaluation of pharmacological aspirin resistance and their association with gender and age in patients with cardiovascular disease Methodology: The study design was cross sectional, done at the Department of Pharmacology, Bacha Khan Medical College, Mardan for duration of one year from January 2021 to January 2022. Chrono-Log Aggregometer (''Chrono-log, Havertown, Pa., USA'') was used to study platelet aggregation utilizing Arachidonic acid of 0.5mM as an agonist. All the analysis of data was carried out by employing IBM SPSS version 24. Results: In the current research, a total of 350 patients were enrolled. There were 238 (68%) males and 112 (32%) females. Based on the status of aspirin resistance, 51 (14.57%) participants show aspirin resistance. In the current study, statistically no significant association of aspirin resistance was observed with both age and gender (p˃.05). Conclusion: According to our findings, aspirin resistance is a growing concern in individuals with cardiovascular disease which might lead to failure of treatment and substantial side effects. There might be a variety of probable reasons linked to numerous biochemical and demographic factors, such as age and sex. To investigate mechanistic causes and clinical consequences of this phenomenon, more research with a large sample size is needed. Key words: Pharmacological; Aspirin resistance; Cardiovascular disease
Dental Trauma Management; Knowledge and Attitude of School Teachers in Rural Areas of Punjab
Authors: Saleem Zakia , Shafique Hira , Farooq Ali , Faheemuddin Muhammad , Haroon Kashif , Akbar Aaisha , Tariq Amina
Published: March 2022

Objective: The purpose of study was to explore the level of knowledge and attitude in handling dental trauma among primary school teachers working in rural areas of Punjab, Pakistan. Method: This descriptive crossectional study was conducted in 47 primary government schools of different rural areas of district Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan. Collected sample size was 215 primary school teachers with minimum qualification of Bachelors in Arts. Data was collected using convenient sampling technique. SPSS version 25.0 was used for analysis and further results formation. Frequencies and Percentages were calculated for gender and qualification whereas mean and standard deviation was calculated for age. Results: Majority of participants reported that their knowledge about dealing with dental emergencies is not adequate 175(81.40%). Majority of participants were interested in having workshops on dealing with dental emergencies in school 160(74.42%). Conclusion: The knowledge and attitude of teachers towards management of dental trauma is lacking and a dire need of awareness programs and teacher training workshops has been felt after conducting this study as management of dental trauma is an important part of student safety management. Keywords: Dental Trauma, Teachers, Tooth Replantation, Tooth Avulsion
Comparison of Visual Simple Reaction Time Performances of Boxers and Wrestlers
Authors: Dinçer Nevzat , Kilinç Zühal , Ilbak Ismail
Published: March 2022

Background: It is known that reaction time, which is of great importance in terms of athlete performance, is one of the most difficult sports performance parameters to develop. Reaction time performance in Athletes may vary according to the sport branch in terms of development. Especially in combat sports such as boxing and wrestling, reaction time is of such great importance that it can directly or indirectly affect the outcome of the competition. Aim: In this study, it was aimed to compare the visual simple reaction time performances of boxing and wrestling athletes. By comparing the simple visual reaction times of boxers and wrestlers, the effects of both branch trainings on the reaction time were tried to be determined. Methods: This research was carried out with the participation of 30 male athletes between the ages of 14-17. It was held with the participation of a total of 30 male athletes, including 15 boxers and 15 wrestlers, who have been licensed contestants for at least three years and are still actively participating in the competitions. The heights of the participants were measured with a wall-mounted stadiometer (Holtain Ltd. England), their body weights were measured with an electronic scale (Seca, Germany), and their visual simple reaction time performance was measured with a Reaction Time device (Hubbard Scientific 6027). Data were analyzed with the IBM Statistics (SPSS, ver. 22.0, Armonk, NY) program. Results: The mean age of the boxing group (N=15) was 15.46±1.06, the mean height was 175.53±4.18, the mean body weight was 61.00±8.03 and the mean reaction time was 23.66±2.99. The mean age of the wrestling group (N=15) was 15.40±1.12, the mean height was 170.46±4.29, the mean body weight was 62.80±8.65 and the mean reaction time was 25.93±2.68. Conclusion: In this study comparing the visual simple reaction time performances of boxers and wrestlers, it was concluded that boxing training is more effective in shortening reaction time performance compared to wrestling training. Keywords: Reaction Time, Sporting Performance, Martial Arts
Reduction in Gout Attacks Post Sleeve Gastrectomy in Al-Ahsa Hospital, KSA
Authors: Alwadaani Hamed Abdullah
Published: March 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the improvements in patients following sleeve gastrecto-my as measured by a subsequent reduction in the incidence of gout attacks. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the Bariatric Surgery Department, Al-Moosa Hospital, Al Mubarraz, Saudi Arabia, in 2018. Data for this study were extracted from the records of 3247 patients who had undergone sleeve gastrectomy. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Result: The study included 36 patients who fulfilled the study’s inclusion criteria, with mean age of 39.6 ± 11.6 years, and 26 (72.2%) of them were male. A significant reduction (p = 0.002) in weight was observed in both male and female patients after sleeve gastrectomy; similarly, a significant reduction (p = 0.003) in uric acid levels was also found in both genders. Post-surgery acute gout attack was observed in five (45.5%) cases in the 1 month following surgery and in only one (9.1%) case after 9 months. Various factors were analyzed for their association with postoperative acute gout attack, but only higher baseline body mass index showed a sig-nificant association (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The outcome of the study is that sleeve gastronomy significantly reduces gout attacks in obese patients. Along with this conclusion, it was also observed that age, gender, preoperative uric acid levels, and a higher body mass index are risk factors associated with the incidence of gout attacks. Keywords: sleeve gastrectomy; acute gout attack; uric acid
Triple Negative Receptor Status in Patients Diagnosed with Carcinoma Breast
Authors: Bashir Iram , Falah Sheikh Qais , Shams Asif
Published: March 2022

Objective: To record frequency of triple negative receptor status in patients diagnosed with carcinoma breast. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional survey, was conducted at Surgical Unit III, Nishtar Hospital Multan, we included 171 females between 30-60 years of age diagnosed to have breast carcinoma on histopathology whereas those unfit to undergo surgical excision, established metastatic disease were excluded from the study. All these patients were undergo mastectomy by Consultant surgeon (having 5 years’ post-fellowship experience). All the specimens were sent to areference laboratory(Shaukat Khanam Memorial Trust Hospital) for immune staining for presence or absence of Esterogen receptor, Progesterone receptor and Her / neu receptor. Frequency was calculated for triple negativereceptor status (present/absent). Results: Total patients included in this study were 171 (100%) all were female. These 171 patients were divided into 3 groups, patients from 30-40 years included in group 1, age 41-50 included in group 2 and patients from 51-60 years included in group 3. According to age patients in which TNBC was present were have mean age 44.06 and standard deviation 9.107 similarly patients in which TNBC was absent were have mean age of 44.32 and standard deviation 8.953. According to TNBC patients of group 1 (30-40 years), 13 were have TNBC present and 53 were not, out of 55 patients of group 2 (41-50 years), 12 were have TNBC present and 43 were not, similarly out of 50 patients in group 3 (51-60), 10 were have TNBC present and 40 were not. Conclusion: Frequency of TNBC in patients of Carcinoma breast is 35% in our society. Keywords: Breast Cancer, TNBC, Female, Mammography.
Factors Associated with Iron and Folic Acid Deficiency Among Pregnant Women a Cross-Sectional Hospital-Based Study
Authors: nissa Fakharu , Hingoro Rasheeda , Ahmed Waqarunissa
Published: March 2022

Current study is a cross-sectional hospital-based study and its comparative results were highly significant (<0.005). When 200 pregnant women after dividing into two different groups compared with each other regarding their folic acid and iron intake during three trimesters of their pregnancies results were significant (<0.005). In the multiple regression analysis three variables iron, folic acid and hemoglobin levels were analyzed. In Group X, and Group Y the levels of iron (167.2± 3.12, 165.12±4.11, 164.33±2.13), (67.1± 4.12, 15.12±6.11, 14.33±2.13) folic acid (16.4±2.4, 16.4±1.5, 17.1±2.3), (6.4±1.4, 10.4±1.8, 5.1±1.3) and hemoglobin (15.2±3.6, 15.5±2.11, 15.5±3.12) (10.2±3.6, 7.5±32.10, 8.5±11.12) were calculated respectively. The percentage mean standard deviation of Spinal bifida, Anencephaly and Premature birth in Group X and Group Y was (1.21±1.01, 1.11±1.11, 1.22±2.2 ), (7.41±5.3, 3.17±2.14, 17.12±12.22). Keywords: Spinal bifida, Anencephaly, anemia, folic acid, iron
Role of Vitamins D Supplements in Preventing Development of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: . Almas , Memon Fahmida Parveen , Bano Erum , Shamaun Shamaila , Afsheen Shahla , . Kiran
Published: March 2022

Aim: To evaluate the role of vitamin D supplements in prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus. Study Design: Cross sectional. Place and duration: Study was carried out at obstetrics and gynecology department of Roshan Suleman Medical College, Tando Adam, from June 10, 2021 to November 09, 2021. Methodology: Initially 125 pregnant women were enrolled in study and 15 women refused to give consent and study was conducted on 110 pregnant women. Main variables of study were age of women, parity, education status, occupation and previous mode of delivery. Outcome of study was gestational diabetes at 28 weeks of glucose tolerance test. SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis, mean and SD for numerical data and frequency percentages for categorical data were calculated. Test of significance was chi square test and p value ≤0.05 was significant. Results: Of the total patients, 40.9% had ≤20 ng/ml and 59.1% had >20 ng/ml level of vitamin D. It was seen that 44.4% patients had ≤20 ng/ml as well as GDM. About 35.6% had normal OGTT with ≤20 vitamin D level. On the other hand, most of the patients 60.0% had normal OGTT as well as >20 ng/ml vitamin D level. The difference had statistically significant, (p=0.005). Conclusion: use of vitamin D supplements in high risk pregnant women till 28 weeks of pregnancy has positive effect on prevention of gestational diabetes. Keywords: Gestational diabetes, Vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM, pregnancy.
Comparison of Terlipressin Plus Human Albumin with Norepineprine Plus Human Albumen in Hepatorenal Renal Syndrome
Authors: Ullah Nadeem , Muzammil Muhammad , Tahir Muhammad , Arif Malik Muhammad , Rasheeq Talha , Ather Muhammad Mumtaz
Published: March 2022

Aim: to evaluate the efficacy of norepinephrine plus albuman versus terlipressin plus albumin in the manage-ment of patients with type 1 HRS. Study Design: Randomized prospective study. Place and duration: medical unit of Nishter Hospital Multan from 10th June 2019 to 9th June 2020. Methodology: This study included 80 patients with type 1 HRS. Patients were randomized into two groups to re-ceive norepinephrine plus albumin or terlipressin plus albumin. Renal functions such as serum creatinine, cre-atinine clearance and urine output were observed in both the groups, for baseline and after 15 days. The out-comes assessed were as follows: reversal of HRS, kidney functions, survival rate at day 30. SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis. Results: Renal analysis of terlipressin and norepinephrine was noted as 17.5% and 30%, respectively. Child-pugh score and APACHE II score of terlipressin group was 10.73±2.01 and 22.94±10.05. Child-pugh score and APACHE II score of norepinephrine group was 9.03±2.25 and 25.39±9.87. Conclusion: Norepinephrine in combination with albumin is as effective as terlipressin in combination with albumin when used for the man-agement of hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) type 1. But easy availability and cheap rate of norepinephrine makes it alternative of terlipressin. Keywords: norepinephrine, hepatorenal syndrome, terlipressin, patient outcome
Comparison of Physical and Physiological Effects of Continuous and Interval Running Training in Elite Adults
Authors: Büyükipekci Serdar , Bozoğlu Mustafa Sabir
Published: March 2022

Aim: It is known that endurance trainings increase physiological adaptations. However, knowledge on its effects on physical and motor performance is insufficient. Therefore, this study aims to compare the effects of 8-week continuous and interval endurance runs on physical and physiological performance in elite adults. Material and Methods: A total of 18 adult male athletes between the ages of 19-25, consisting of continuous runs (CR) n:9 and interval group (IG) n:9, participated in the study. While the continuous running group (CR) was subject to the continuous running method 3 days a week for 8 weeks, interval running method was used for the other group. Experimental research model, including pre-test and post-test, was used in the study. Body weight measurement, 20-meters speed, vertical and horizontal jump, cooper, balance, sit-reach tests were applied to the athletes participating in the study before and after the training program. Variance and homogeneity of the obtained data were tested, and Independent Samples t test and Paired Samples t tests were used in the analysis of the data. Results: After the interval and continuous running training programs, the change in body weight and Cooper test values before and after the interval training and continuous running groups were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). It was observed that the changes in the standing long jump, speed, vertical jump, balance and sit-and-reach flexibility test values of the interval training group before and after the training were statistically significant (p<0.05) while the change in the continuous running group was not statistically significant. In addition, it was determined that there was a significant change in the balance post-test values in the interval training group compared to the pre-test values. Conclusion: As a result, it shows that the interval and continuous running training programs applied have positive effects on body weight and endurance, and when interval training and continuous running training programs are compared, interval trainings can be efficient in terms of balance, flexibility, vertical and horizontal jump, and 20-meters speed performances. Keywords: Endurance, Continuous runs, Interval Training, Motor Performance
The Ethical and Unethical Behaviors That Women Volleyball Players Observed on Their Coaches
Authors: Ünal Esra , Çeviker Abdülkerim
Published: March 2022

The aim of this study; It was conducted to determine the level of compliance of their trainers with professional ethical and unethical behaviors by evaluating the licensed and licensed female volleyball players in the 2019-2020 season within the body of the Turkish Volleyball Federation. Methods: The universe of our study consists of 960 female athletes in the TVF Women's 2nd League. The sample of our study consisted of 287 female athletes who participated in our study on a voluntary basis. In our study, the measurement tool "The level of compliance of the coaches with the professional ethics of coaching" developed by (Özbek, 2019) was used. In addition, a personal information form for the athletes was also applied. The obtained data were analyzed by the SPSS 27.0 package program. Since the data did not meet the normal distribution condition, the comparison of two independent groups was made with the Mann Whitney U test, and the independent multiple group comparisons were made with the Kruskal Wallis tests. Correlation analysis was used to determine the direction and degree of the relationship between the sub-dimensions of the scale. Results and Conclusion: As a result, it is seen that there is a significant difference between the sub-dimensions of the views of the athletes about the coaching profession ethics. It has been concluded that there is a significant difference in their opinions regarding the level of compliance with the professional ethics of coaching according to the variable of age, marital status, and the year of doing sports. It has been concluded that there is a significant difference in terms of professionalism, respect, responsibility, tolerance and scale in terms of the level of compliance with the professional ethics of coaching of the athletes about their coaches (p>0.05). The marital status, department graduated, income level, age and sports of the athletes. It is seen that there is a significant difference between the year of construction variables (p <0.05). Keywords: Coach, Ethics, Volleyball.
La reforma electoral 2015 en el Perú: un balance de la experiencia
Authors: Cucho Espinoza Mariano Augusto
Published: March 2022

En el presente artículo se reflexiona sobre los avances conseguidos en el marco de la reforma electoral impulsada por los organismos del sistema electoral peruano durante el año 2015. Esta iniciativa de reforma involucró a una serie de organismos y personalidades del ámbito académico, mediático y político; que junto con el JNE, la ONPE y el Reniec se comprometieron en promover cambios sustanciales en las reglas de juego político-electorales del país, con el fin de enfrentar la actual crisis de representación política. Hoy, pueden apreciarse cambios en la normativa que regula los derechos de control y participación ciudadanos (Ley N.° 26300), algunos avances en el financiamiento partidario (Ley N.° 28094) y otras modificaciones originadas desde el mismo Congreso de la República. No obstante, los puntos neurálgicos de la reforma electoral, en el tema del financiamiento y supervisión de fondos partidarios y la democracia interna partidaria aún no han sido abordados y quedan como pendientes para las próximas legislaturas. Este avance parcial muestra las dificultades de llevar a cabo una reforma electoral en medio de una crisis de representación política, pero refleja también la cada vez más urgente necesidad de las mismas.
Impact of HRM on organizational performance and work life balance in small scale industry
Authors: Ahmed Sarfraj
Published: March 2022

Today's business environment is fiercely competitive, and running a company has grown more difficult than ever. As more businesses have realized that a "happy worker is a productive worker," they have begun to search for ways to improve the workplace. Many companies have adopted various work-life programmes to assist employees in improving their quality of life at work. The quality of one's professional life has a significant impact on one's overall quality. People's quality of life improves as a result, and vice versa. It has been regarded as both a means and an end in itself. The purpose of this exploratory study is to provide a brief overview of work-life balance, its importance to organizations, and the numerous developing practices/initiatives related to it. The new study draws on a wealth of knowledge about the idea and practice of work-life balance gleaned from a comprehensive literature review. The findings show that, in today's dynamic organizational circumstances, work-life balance is critical for both the organization and its workers. It assists the company in increasing production, efficiency, competitiveness, and morale, and so gaining a competitive advantage.
Dos caminos de la independencia en 1821
Authors: Guerra Vilaboy Sergio
Published: March 2022

1821 fue un año preñado de acontecimientos que llevaron, por dos vías bien diferentes, a la independencia de gran parte de América Latina. El proceso emancipador estuvo favorecido por lo ocurrido el 1 de enero del año anterior, cuando en Cabezas de San Juan (Cádiz), España, el teniente coronel Rafael de Riego se sublevó con sus tropas y proclamó el restablecimiento de la constitución liberal de 1812. La asonada militar tuvo como protagonista a las fuerzas realistas que debían embarcarse a Hispanoamérica, para intentar aplastar el renacido movimiento separatista en la América del Sur guiado por los generales José de San Martín y Simón Bolívar.
Nulla Dies Sine Linea. Dos dibujos de Mengs en la Academia
Authors: Jordán de Urríes y de la Colina Javier , Maier Allende Jorge
Published: March 2022

Estudio de dos dibujos preparatorios inéditos de Antonio Rafael Mengs para el fresco de La apoteosis de Hércules en el Palacio Real de Madrid y el cuadro La adoración de los pastores (Museo Nacional del Prado), recientemente identificados en el Gabinete de Dibujos de la Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando.
PENGAWAS PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI ERA DIGITAL: STUDI DI KEMENAG KOTA SURAKARTA
Authors: Sumiyati S
Published: March 2022

Pengawas PAI di era digitalisasi ikut menentukan perkembangan dan kualitas Pendidikan Agama Islam pada sekolah. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberi motivasi dan wawasan khususnya kepada pengawas PAI dan umumnya kepada para guru PAI bagaimana mensikapi perubahan zaman terutama di era digitalisasi ini agar tetap eksis dan senantiasa berupaya meningkatkan kompetensi dan kinerjanya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan Teknik pengumpulan data yang gunakan adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pengawas pendidikan agama Islam mempunyai posisi setrategis dalam Ikut Mengawal Keberhasilan Pendidikan Agama Islam dan juga mempunyai wewenang dalam pengawasan terhadap penyusunan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi pembelajaran.
Physio-chemical and acceptability analysis of Tamarind plum squash at different concentrations
Authors: Rafique Muhammad Yasir , Sharmeen Zainab , Bashir Shahid , Arshad Misbah , Nawaz Asad , Nasib Majida Umar
Published: March 2022

Tamarind plum containing red flesh, peeled are very exciting fruit due to their high content on bioactive compounds, such as the anthocyanins and other polyphenolic compounds with a high antioxidant capacity. These natural substances found in plum acts to prevent diseases such as diabetes and cancer. In this study squash was prepared with Tamarind plum.Objective:To find out Physio-chemical and acceptability analysis of tamarind plum at different concentrations.Methods:The tamarind plum was used to prepare squash with different percentage of tamarind juice and plum juice but at same percentage of sugar, water and sodium benzoic acid. Prepared squash was filled in polyethylene terephthalate bottles and analyzed after 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90days of storage. The Tamarind plum squash was subjected to Total Phenolic compounds,pH and Ascorbic acid. Result: Ascorbic Acid (33.46), pH (2.29) and TPC (0.78) were observed in squash prepared using tamarind juice (350ml), plum juice (400), sodium benzoic acid, sugar and water (2g, 1kg and 250ml). Storage showed significant effect on Ascorbic Acid and pHduring ninety days storage.Conclusion:On the basis of above results it was concluded that sample TPS3 show best in keeping quality during storage time intervals. Hence, the results of sample TPS3 of tamarind plum blended squash is more recommended in terms of commercial use and for large scale industrial production. Squash prepared from tamarind and plum are more acceptable to consumers because of sour test, need commercialization.