bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technologie, vieillissement et vie quotidienne : l’émergence d’un nouveau champ de recherche
Authors: Bouchayer Françoise , Rozenkier Alain
Published: October 2021

Les recherches en sciences sociales consacrées aux technologies dans la vie courante, et celles se rapportant aux modes de vie des personnes âgées et au vieillissement ont donné lieu à des corpus de production scientifique distincts. Assez récemment se sont développées des approches croisées de problématiques relevant de ces deux champs, en particulier dans le domaine de la vie quotidienne et des services ainsi qu’à propos des évolutions sociales et culturelles générales. Cet article présente les principaux axes de ces problématiques, ainsi qu’une série de recherches sélectionnées dans le cadre d’un appel d’offres lancé conjointement par la CNAV et la MIRE, en 1996, et intitulé : « Évolutions technologiques, dynamique des âges et vieillissement de la population ».
Le vieillissement, qu’en pensent les jeunes ?
Authors: Arfeux-Vaucher Geneviève
Published: October 2021

Au cours des années 90, la gérontologie s’ouvre à de nouveaux « objets » d’étude, les enfants, les jeunes, en tant que vieux de demain. À travers des problématiques de recherche, qui se diversifient de plus en plus, il s’agit de comprendre comment les jeunes d’aujourd’hui se situent face à leur avenir, face à leur vieillissement, à leur temps de vieillesse, en fonction des messages que la société leur envoie sur ces processus et périodes de vie.
L’invisibilité sociologique des grands-parents
Authors: Segalen Martine
Published: October 2021

En raison des nouvelles étapes que connaît le vieillissement, on voit émerger une nouvelle figure grand-parentale, regroupant des individus âgés entre 48 et 55 ans, souvent encore actifs sur le plan professionnel. La grandparentalité se construit de nos jours sur une grille assez large qui va de l’occupation du titre sans fonction à la substitution parentale. Cette nouvelle grandparentalité se construit dans un nouveau rapport à l’enfant qui est mis en lumière dans l’article ; celui-ci se propose d’explorer, à l’aide d’exemples tirés de la littérature ethnologique et historique, les formes anciennes de la grandparentalité alors que l’enfant était alors considéré comme un producteur, et non le fruit du désir amoureux, circulant à l’intérieur des lignées au sein desquelles il forgeait son identité.
Ce qui relève de l’hôpital, ce qui n’en relève pas
Authors: Laroque Geneviève
Published: October 2021

Un survol des textes législatifs et réglementaires relatifs à l’hôpital et au secteur médico-social est nécessaire pour tenter de définir « ce qui relève de l’hôpital et ce qui n’en relève pas ». On constate que 1’« unicité administrative » possible n’emporte aucunement l’unicité des modes de fonctionnement, d’organisation technique des soins, ni celle des modes de financement. La question qui se pose est donc celle de déterminer quelles situations relèvent de l’organisation médicale de l’hôpital-dispositif sanitaire et celles qui justifient d’une organisation médico-sociale, quel qu’en soit l’organisme gestionnaire. À l’hôpital, soins complexes d’abord ; au médico-social, vie quotidienne d’abord. Une harmonisation des conditions administratives et financières de l’accueil, de l’hébergement et des soins de toutes les personnes handicapées et malades quel que soit leur âge serait hautement souhaitable. Elle présente des difficultés de conception et d’application, compte tenu de la complexité des dispositifs existants et aussi du poids de l’histoire et des groupes de pression.
Les ordonnances d’avril 1996 ont-elles des conséquences sur la prise en charge des personnes âgées ?
Authors: de Kervasdoué Jean
Published: October 2021

La promulgation des ordonnances d’avril 1996 a profondément modifié sur quelques points majeurs le financement, le contrôle et l’organisation du système de santé français. Le secteur social n’est pas concerné par ces réformes. La loi autorisant le gouvernement à procéder par ordonnance ne l’incluait pas. Quant à l’ordonnance relative à la réforme de l’hospitalisation publique et privée, elle est bien plus une réforme de la tutelle qu’une réforme de l’hôpital. Les deux innovations, à mon sens, les plus importantes concernent la création des Agences régionales de l’hospitalisation et celle des groupements de coopération sanitaire. Il n’en demeure pas moins qu’une meilleure prise en charge des malades, qu’une plus grande efficacité passent par la recherche permanente de la structure humainement et médicalement la plus adaptée. Les réseaux de soins pourraient être la réponse à cette exigence. Mais, le temps passe, le temps presse. Aucune de ces difficultés techniques n’est insurmontable, mais à condition que l’énergie soit employée à construire et non pas à détruire les projets des autres. Sous réserve du maintien des principes de solidarité, les questions sont seulement opérationnelles. Si la réforme constitutionnelle, d’une part, et les ordonnances, d’autre part, ont modifié fortement l’organisation du système de santé, notamment pour ce qui concerne la médecine de ville, le champ des réformes à venir est vaste et le temps limité.
Quelques réflexions sur la réforme de la tarification
Authors: Champvert Pascal
Published: October 2021

Si les modalités de la réforme de la tarification des établissements pour personnes âgées ne sont pas arrêtées, plusieurs thèmes méritent une réflexion prospective. En premier lieu, on peut regretter que les mécanismes prévus par la loi de janvier 1997 soient réservés aux personnes âgées et coupent ainsi le monde du handicap en deux catégories : les plus et les moins de 60 ans ; par ailleurs, le principe retenu d’une double décision tarifaire évoque trop de mauvais souvenirs pour que soit demandée l’instauration d’un financeur pivot dans les relations avec les établissements. Afin de garantir la qualité des soins, la notion d’hospitalo-requérance doit être étendue aux maisons de retraite en attendant que les personnes âgées puissent bénéficier de structures adaptées à leur état de santé. Pour favoriser la prévention et encourager l’autonomie des personnes âgées, un cliquet tarifaire doit être instauré afin de ne pas diminuer les moyens d’un établissement en cas de diminution du handicap de certains résidants. Enfin, sous réserve que les négociations soient réellement ouvertes, les conventions tripartites entre les établissements, l’État et les départements constitueront un très bon outil d’amélioration de la qualité, en évinçant les structures inefficaces et inadaptées et en permettant l’évaluation des pratiques des trois catégories d’acteurs.
Défense d’hospitalisation des personnes âgées
Authors: Mizrahi Andrée , Mizrahi Arié
Published: October 2021

En quantité comme en volume, la consommation d’hospitalisation augmente de plus en plus rapidement avec l’âge chez les adultes, et elle prend une part de plus en plus importante dans la consommation médicale totale ; toutefois, selon les clés de répartition, nombre de journées par grande discipline, « prix de journée » et/ou honoraires, nature et évaluation des soins administrés, le profil de cette augmentation présente une pente plus ou moins raide. Après avoir rapidement décrit la variation avec l’âge de données quantitatives, fréquentation, durée de séjour, nombre de jours, soins fournis, on propose trois évaluations de la dépense annuelle d’hospitalisation des personnes âgées. Les résultats obtenus laissent penser que la tarification forfaitaire entraîne une péréquation aux dépens des personnes âgées.
Les systèmes d’information dans les institutions de soins pour personnes âgées
Authors: Henrard Jean-Claude , Gardent Henriette
Published: October 2021

La part croissante des soins de longue durée, en France, a conduit médecins, infirmiers et gestionnaires à construire des outils visant à évaluer l’état de santé et les besoins des personnes âgées en institution, à élaborer des plans de soins, à calculer les ressources nécessaires notamment en personnel. Ces trois approches ne donnent pas les informations sur l’adéquation des soins prodigués et multiplient les outils d’information peu compatibles entre eux. L’introduction de la démarche RAI en liant l’évaluation multidimensionnelle des résidants aux plans de soins est susceptible d’améliorer la qualité des soins. En outre, en structurant l’information sous de multiples facettes elle permet de répondre aux objectifs poursuivis par les différents acteurs impliqués dans l’organisation, le financement et la dispensation des soins.
Espace éthique : penser les valeurs de l’hôpital dans la cité
Authors: Hirsch Emmanuel
Published: October 2021

L’espace éthique de l’Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris représente un lieu de réflexion consacré à la dimension éthique de nos pratiques professionnelles. Sa création relève d’une préoccupation partagée par beaucoup : du triple point de vue médical, financier et éthique. Mis en place en septembre 1995, l’Espace éthique est respectueux dans ses principes comme dans ses initiatives et, avant toute autre considération, des principes de liberté indispensables à des pratiques professionnelles de qualité. En partenariat avec les personnes impliquées dans les réalités quotidiennes de l’Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, nous cherchons à concevoir dans la plus grande transparence les réponses adaptées aux sollicitations relevant des missions qui nous sont confiées : au service de tous.
L’hôpital et les personnes âgées : l’éternel retour ?
Authors: Czernichow Pierre , Germain Jeanne-Marie , Barrel André , Froment Loetizia , Moynot Yves , Pesquet Thierry
Published: October 2021

Il existe deux circonstances très différentes dans lesquelles les patients âgés peuvent être réadmis à l’hôpital : d’une part, les réadmissions programmées qui correspondent à la fragmentation volontaire des soins hospitaliers en plusieurs séjours de brève durée plutôt qu’un séjour prolongé ; d’autre part, les réadmissions imprévues qui traduisent des difficultés médico-sociales, des problèmes de santé récurrents ou incidents, quelquefois liés à une origine iatrogène, ou à des soins de qualité insuffisante. Ce phénomène est mal connu dans le système hospitalier français. Sa mesure nécessiterait de distinguer les séjours programmés des non programmés. Divers facteurs socio-démographiques et médicaux semblent favoriser les réadmissions imprévues ; chez les personnes âgées, les soins palliatifs, l’interruption des explorations ou des traitements et les accidents médicamenteux sont des points sensibles. L’utilisation du taux de réadmissions imprévu comme indicateur de la qualité des soins hospitaliers est actuellement controversée. La mise en place de programmes destinés à préparer la sortie des patients hospitalisés, afin de réduire la fréquence de ces réadmissions imprévues, a donné lieu à plusieurs études avec tirage au sort, dont les résultats sont contradictoires
Mourir à l’hôpital
Authors: Sebag-Lanoë Renée
Published: October 2021

La majorité des Français expriment le désir de mourir à domicile lorsqu’on les interroge dans le cadre de sondages, or, près de 50 % d’entre eux meurent à l’hôpital. Nous assistons depuis près de vingt ans à une diminution progressive du pourcentage de décès à domicile (32,8 % en 1980, 27,2 % en 1994) et à une augmentation du nombre des décès en institutions (établissements hospitaliers, cliniques et maisons de retraite). S’il est vrai que le pourcentage de décès hospitaliers diminue dans les tranches d’âge élevées, il diminue encore de façon très marquée à partir de 89 ans, pour atteindre 35 % chez les centenaires. Il n’en demeure pas moins que c’est en milieu hospitalier que surviennent, aujourd’hui, la majorité des plus de 300 000 décès de personnes âgées de 75 ans et plus. Le pourcentage de décès hospitaliers varie également en fonction du sexe, de l’état matrimonial, de la localisation géographique et de la taille de la commune de résidence. Cette augmentation des décès institutionnels, en général, et des décès hospitaliers, en particulier, trouve certes son origine dans une multitude de facteurs cumulés très probablement irréversibles : l’urbanisation croissante, la nucléarisation de la famille, le travail des femmes, la diminution de la taille des logements, le vieillissement démographique lui-même, la montée de la solitude, la croyance en l’efficacité de la médecine, un certain tabou de la mort, mais aussi les problèmes économiques. Elle n’en constitue pas moins une donnée de santé publique majeure relativement nouvelle, à laquelle l’hôpital doit obligatoirement s’adapter. Tel est le réel défi auquel l’hôpital et ses professionnels se trouvent aujourd’hui confrontés, au moment même où les contraintes budgétaires s’abattent sur l’ensemble du système sanitaire. En particulier, comment l’hôpital va-t-il remplir la mission de soins palliatifs que le législateur lui a officiellement attribuée en 1991 ? Les services de gérontologie peuvent, certainement, jouer un grand rôle dans l’amélioration des conditions de la mort des personnes âgées à l’hôpital… si on leur en donne les moyens. Mais ils doivent, également, participer à cette réflexion globale qui engage l’avenir des soignés et des soignants.
La prise en charge des personnes âgées par le secteur psychiatrique
Authors: Blond Jean-Claude , Diter Laurence , Molina Lydie , Reybard-Mutel Agnès , Ploton Louis
Published: October 2021

Un bref historique nous rappelle la place faite au fil du temps aux malades mentaux et le rôle attendu des asiles. Puis est évoquée la spécificité de la gérontopsychiatrie, psychiatrie de la personne âgée, proche mais bien différente de la psychiatrie de l’adulte jeune ou de la gériatrie et de la psychogériatrie. Cette spécificité se définit au plan psychopathologique et clinique par la reconnaissance de troubles psychiatriques authentiques, d’apparition tardive chez des sujets jusque-là indemnes. Ces troubles originaux sont volontiers aigus, parfois méconnus ou confondus avec des manifestations démentielles, alors que souvent accessibles à des thérapeutiques adaptées. La filière gérontopsychiatrique est présentée dans sa diversité intra et extra-hospitalière et son inscription dans le réseau gérontologique, en référence à la pratique de secteur psychiatrique. Puis la gérontopsychiatrie est resituée dans une perspective de coordination gérontologique, en partenariat avec les acteurs du réseau. La place particulière de la psychogériatrie est ensuite évoquée, dans sa complémentarité fonctionnelle et sa propre spécificité, à savoir la prise en charge des pathologies intriquées associant troubles démentiels et psychocomportementaux. À titre d’illustration est enfin présenté le fonctionnement actuel d’une équipe trisectorisée de gérontopsychiatrie du Centre psychothérapique de l’Ain. C’est l’histoire de l’unité « Les Jonquilles », de la défectologie à la gérontopsychiatrie avec l’apport de nouvelles compétences, notamment en gérontopsychologie et en psychomotricité, et l’ouverture vers l’ambulatoire et le réseau gérontologique.
Les services de moyen séjour : une place essentielle dans la filière de soins des personnes âgées
Authors: Rappy Monique , Baudu Sylvie , Deluchat Sylvie , Lascaux Marie-Annick , Habourdin Marie-France , Lavoute Nicole , Thomas Élisabeth
Published: October 2021

Les services de moyen séjour gériatrique sont un lieu intermédiaire entre l’hôpital (« court séjour ») et le lieu de vie (maison de retraite, long séjour et domicile). Outre les objectifs qui lui sont assignés par la loi du 31 juillet 1991, ils sont confrontés à d’autres missions, telles que les soins palliatifs ou le désencombrement des services d’aigus. La conception de soins du service de moyen séjour est basée sur le modèle conceptuel de Virginia Henderson. À partir de l’examen infirmier et de l’analyse de celui-ci, un projet de soin est mis en œuvre en concertation avec l’équipe médicale.
Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens, L.) larvae for food and feed: modelling drying kinetics
Authors: Pinheiro M.N. Coelho , Ribeiro N. , da Silva P. , Costa R.
Published: October 2021

Insects are a new alternative for food and feed and a solution for circular economy. Among the most promising insects, black soldier fly, mainly in the larvae phase, is a solution specially for feed, and in particular in its dried form. The aim of this work was to study the water loss transfer during convective drying of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL). The mass transfer model consisted of mass diffusion with two alternative boundary conditions (no external resistance and convection) and with/without shrinkage, applied with finite elements method, with a triangular mesh of 3,036 elements and a geometry reproducing the shape of the larvae. The moisture diffusion coefficient, estimated from the experimental data assuming an infinite slab, increased from 0.7002×10-10 m2/s at 60 °C to 2.792×10-10 m2/s at 90 °C, with an activation energy of 43.97 kJ/mol. The simulation predicted with detail the water content profile showing a quick water loss on the outer layers of the BSFL at the initial times. The evolution of the overall water content of BSFL during drying was better predicted for long times (when more than 80% of the moisture was removed) and at the highest temperature of 90 °C and showed that diffusion was the dominating mechanism, with small influence of the boundary conditions studied. Although shrinkage between 21 and 29% was considered, depending on the temperature, the inclusion of volume change in the model did not significantly improved the water content prediction.
Accuracy of Total Corneal Power Calculation for Multifocal Toric Intraocular Lens Implantation: Swept-Source OCT-Based Biometer vs Scheimpflug Tomographer
Authors: Choi Ayoung , Kwon Hyunggoo , Jeon Sohee
Published: October 2021

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the accuracy of total corneal power calculation from a swept-source optical coherence tomography–based biometer and a rotating Scheimpflug tomographer for the Acrysof IQ Panoptix toric TFNT intraocular lens (IOL) (Alcon Labroatories, Inc).

METHODS:

A retrospective study was undertaken on 145 eyes implanted with the TFNT IOL. The accuracy of total corneal power calculation from a SS-OCT–based biometer (IOLMaster 700; Carl Zeiss Meditec AG; total keratometry [TK]) and a rotating Scheimpflug tomographer (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH; total corneal refractive power at 3 mm [TCRP3] and at 4 mm [TCRP4]) were compared. The surgically induced astigmatism vector, difference vector, angle of vector, correction index, index of success, coefficient of adjustment, and flattening index were analyzed using the VectrAK analysis program (ASSORT).

RESULTS:

The index of success showed a significant difference between the three methods (
P
= .035, analysis of variance test). The mean ± standard deviation of the index of success was the best in TK (0.43 ± 0.20), followed by TCRP4 (0.47 ± 0.24,
P
= .400, Bonferroni HSD test) and TCRP3 (0.50 ± 0.22,
P
= .030, Bonferroni HSD test). The preoperative refractive astigmatism prediction error was within ±0.50 diopters (D) in 62 eyes (42.8%) when using TCRP4 and in 66 eyes (45.5%) when using TK.

CONCLUSIONS:

These study results suggest that the refractive accuracy of TFNT implantation using total corneal power from TCRP4 and TK was favorable.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2021;37(10):686–692.]
Comparison of Kane, Hill-RBF 2.0, Barrett Universal II, and Emmetropia Verifying Optical Formulas in Eyes With Extreme Myopia
Authors: Chen Yuxi , Wei Ling , He Wenwen , Lu Yi , Zhu Xiangjia
Published: October 2021

PURPOSE:

To compare the accuracy of the Kane, Hill-RBF 2.0, Barrett Universal II (BUII), and Emmetropia Verifying Optical (EVO) formulas in calculating intraocular lens power in extremely myopic eyes.

METHODS:

A total of 1,054 highly myopic eyes were included and divided into three groups according to axial length: control (⩾ 26 to < 28 mm), long (⩾ 28 to < 30 mm), and extreme axial length (⩾ 30 mm) groups. Prediction accuracies of the four formulas were compared and factors influencing the refractive errors were evaluated.

RESULTS:

The Hill-RBF 2.0 formula generated the largest percentage of eyes with refractive errors within ±0.50 and ±1.00 D (71.44% and 94.59%, respectively, compared to 63.38% and 92.31% for the Kane, 61.76% and 94.02% for the BUII, and 59.01% and 87.57% for the EVO formulas;
P
< .001). The mean absolute errors of the Kane, Hill-RBF 2.0, BUII, and EVO formulas were 0.46 ± 0.38, 0.40 ± 0.39, 0.44 ± 0.30, and 0.58 ± 0.68 D (
P
< .001). In the long axial length group, the Hill-RBF 2.0 formula had the smallest MAE (all
P
< .001), whereas the extreme axial length group only had a smaller MAE than the Kane and EVO formulas (both
P
< .001). The accuracy of the Kane and Hill-RBF 2.0 formulas was affected by corneal curvature and A-constant; the accuracy of the BUII and EVO formulas was affected by corneal curvature, axial length, and A-constant.

CONCLUSIONS:

The Hill-RBF 2.0 formula outperformed all three other formulas in eyes with axial lengths ⩾ 28 to < 30 mm, and outperformed the Kane and EVO formulas in eyes with axial lengths of 30 mm or greater.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2021;37(10):680–685.]
Vitreomacular Traction Surgery from the DISCOVER Study: Intraoperative OCT Utility, Ellipsoid Zone Dynamics, and Outcomes
Authors: Huang Heidi J. , Sevgi D. Damla , Srivastava Sunil K. , Reese Jamie , Ehlers Justis P.
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

To characterize the clinical and ellipsoid zone (EZ) integrity outcomes in surgical intervention for symptomatic vitreomacular traction (VMT), and to evaluate the utility of intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) during VMT surgery.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

This was a post-hoc analysis of eyes in the DISCOVER study undergoing pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with intraoperative OCT for VMT-related macular disease. Data were collected prospectively on feasibility and utility of intraoperative OCT, with follow-up lasting 12 months.

RESULTS:

Forty-three eyes of 41 patients were included and mean visual acuity improved from 20/96 to 20/45 (
P
< .001). Intraoperative OCT provided information that impacted surgical decision-making in eight patients (18.6%). EZ integrity metrics significantly improved from baseline to 12 months and directly correlated with functional outcomes (
P
< .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Retinal function and morphology improved significantly following PPV for VMT. Intraoperative OCT provided surgeon-perceived valuable information in select cases. Further research is needed to determine whether this information impacts overall surgical outcomes.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2021;52:544–550.]
Modulation of IL-17A and IFNγ by β2-adrenergic agonist terbutaline and inverse-agonist nebivolol, influence of ADRB2 polymorphisms
Authors: Gonczi Catalina Marysol Carvajal ,   Clinical Analysis Laboratory, PERFORM Centre, Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada, Touma Fadi , Daigneault Tina , Pozzebon Chelsea , Burchell-Reyes Kelly , Darlington Peter J. ,   Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,   Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada,   Department of Chemistry, University of Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada,   Clinical Analysis Laboratory, PERFORM Centre, Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
Published: October 2021

Background

Upon activation, helper T (Th) cells produce cytokines such as IL-17A and IFNγ, which may exacerbate inflammatory disease and disorders. Adrenergic drugs are emerging as immunomodulatory agents to treat pro-inflammatory diseases, but their function is not completely understood. Th Cells express the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) that is encoded by ADRB2. Agonists of the β2AR decrease IFNγ but can increase IL-17A from Th cells. We compared a β2AR agonist to an inverse-agonist, and assessed the influence of ADRB2 polymorphisms on IL-17A and IFNγ responses.

Methods

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from venous blood of healthy human participants were cultured with T cell activators anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies. Terbutaline, a β2AR agonist or nebivolol, a β1AR antagonist and β2AR inverse-agonist, were added in vitro. Cytokines IL-17A and IFNγ were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Genomic ADRB2 and its immediate upstream region were sequenced using Sanger's method. Cytokine response to drug was analyzed based on ADRB2 polymorphisms.

Results

Terbutaline consistently inhibited IFNγ from activated PBMC samples. In contrast, it increased IL-17A in PBMC homozygous for Gly16 codon of ADRB2. Nebivolol inhibited IL-17A and IFNγ from activated Th cells. When applied to activated-PBMCs, nebivolol inhibited IL-17A but did not significantly inhibit IFNγ although a trend was observed. The ability of nebivolol to inhibit IL-17A was attenuated by a β2AR-specific antagonist. Cellular proliferation and viability was not significantly changed by nebivolol. Nebivolol suppressed IL-17A in all of the samples regardless of ADRB2 polymorphisms.

Conclusions

This data demonstrates that terbutaline inhibited IFNγ, however, it increased IL-17A in samples with the common Gly16 polymorphism of ADRB2. Nebivolol inhibited IL-17A regardless of ADRB2 polymorphisms. Thus, nebivolol is a strong candidate for treating inflammatory diseases or disorders where IL-17A exacerbates symptoms.
Some properties for certain class of bi-univalent functions defined by $ q $-Cătaş operator with bounded boundary rotation
Authors: Madian S. M. ,   Basic Sciences Department, Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology, New Damietta, Egypt
Published: October 2021

Throughout the paper, we introduce a new subclass $ \mathcal{H}_{\alpha, \mu, \rho, m, \beta }^{n, q, \lambda, l}\ f(z)$ by using the Bazilevič functions with the idea of bounded boundary rotation and $ q $-analogue Cătaş operator. Also we find the estimate of the coefficients for functions in this class. Finally, in the concluding section, we have chosen to reiterate the well-demonstrated fact that any attempt to produce the rather straightforward $ (p, q) $-variations of the results, which we have presented in this article, will be a rather trivial and inconsequential exercise, simply because the additional parameter $ p $ is obviously redundant.
A change point analysis protocol for comparing intracellular transport by different molecular motor combinations
Authors: Jensen Melanie A. ,   Department of Mathematics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA, Feng Qingzhou , Hancock William O. , McKinley Scott A. ,   Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802,   Molecular Cellular and Integrative Biological Sciences Program, Huck Institute of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802,   Schlumberger, 1 Hampshire St Ste 1, Cambridge, MA, 02319 USA,   Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
Published: October 2021

Intracellular transport by microtubule-based molecular motors is marked by qualitatively different behaviors. It is a long-standing and still-open challenge to accurately quantify the various individual-cargo behaviors and how they are affected by the presence or absence of particular motor families. In this work we introduce a protocol for analyzing change points in cargo trajectories that can be faithfully projected along the length of a (mostly) straight microtubule. Our protocol consists of automated identification of velocity change points, estimation of velocities during the behavior segments, and extrapolation to motor-specific velocity distributions. Using simulated data we show that our method compares favorably with existing methods. We then apply the technique to data sets in which quantum dots are transported by Kinesin-1, by Dynein-Dynactin-BicD2 (DDB), and by Kinesin-1/DDB pairs. In the end, we identify pausing behavior that is consistent with some tug-of-war model predictions, but also demonstrate that the simultaneous presence of antagonistic motors can lead to long processive runs that could contribute favorably to population-wide transport.
Ultimate Shear Strength of Component Model of Composite Beam with Perfobond Shear Connector
Authors: Suzuki Kaho , Suzuki Atsushi , Kimura Yoshihiro
Published: October 2021

In general, a steel beam is assembled with a concrete slab by shear connectors. The connection requires high stiffness and strength to secure the composite effect even in the ultimate state. Facing this need, perfobond shear connectors are attracting a great attention by virtue of its outstanding mechanical performance. However, the connector is subjected to the fully reversed cyclic stress between the compression and tension during an earthquake. Therefore, as presented in the earlier research addressing stud shear connectors, the concrete may originate cracks under the tensile stress; and eventually, the expected composite effect is not possibly performed. To address this concern, this research carried out a total of three fully reversed cyclic loading tests using the component model of perfobond shear connection. The parameters are the presence of reinforcing bars and concrete strength. In conclusion, it was found that perfobond shear connectors exhibit more stable mechanical behavior and capacity than stud shear connectors regardless of stress orientation due to a localized stress transfer mechanism that results in smaller cracks in the slab under a fully reversed cyclic loading.
Mechanical Properties and Hydrophilicity of High-Density Polyethylene/Attapulgite Composites
Authors: Ma Zheng Lu , Chen Jui Chin , Tsou Chi Hui , Wang Yan Mei , Tian Xin Yuan , Gao Chen
Published: October 2021

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) is used as the matrix and attapulgite (ATT) is used as the reinforcing phase. HDPE/ATT nanocomposites are prepared by melt blending. The effect of ATT content on the mechanical properties, water absorption and morphology of HDPE/ATT composites was studied. The results show that adding a small amount of ATT can improve the mechanical properties of HDPE, but excessive addition will reduce the mechanical properties of HDPE. The water absorption and contact angle test results show that as the ATT content increases, the composite material becomes more and more hydrophilic. After joining ATT, the performance of HDPE / ATT composite material has a significant improvement effect, and it is believed that it will have broad application prospects in the future.
Study on the Influence of Amplitude on Ultrasonic Assisted Grinding of Hard and Brittle Materials
Authors: Li Xiao Zhou , Dai Bin , Xu Jin Kai , Tong Le , Wang Mao Xun , Wang Shen
Published: October 2021

With the development of advanced manufacturing technology, ceramic matrix composite materials, a typically hard and brittle material, have been widely used in high-tech fields such as aerospace manufacturing. Due to the anisotropy of materials, the quality of conventional processing workpieces is poor, and the processing accuracy is difficult to guarantee. In this experiment, ceramic matrix composite materials are machined by ultrasonic vibration grinding with the CBN grinding rods. The influence of amplitude on the grinding force and the surface quality of the workpiece in the grinding process are analyzed by a series of experiments on ceramic matrix composites. The results show that, compared with the conventional grinding process, in the ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding process, the grinding force is reduced by about 60%, and the surface quality is also improved significantly,the surface roughness Sa is reduced by about 25%.
Experimental Research on Surface Roughness of Ultrasonic Assisted Grinding on 7075 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Wang Shen , Tong Le , Chen Guang Jun , Wang Mao Xun , Dai Bin , Xu Jin Kai
Published: October 2021

7075 aluminum alloy is widely used due to its great performance, especially in aerospace area. In this paper, ultrasonic-assisted grinding technology is used to process 7075 aluminum alloy. The data is obtained through experiments, and the surface roughness and morphology of ultrasonic assisted grinding and conventional grinding under different spindle speeds, feed rates, and amplitudes are analyzed. Research has found that the increase in spindle speed and amplitude will improve the quality of the machined surface and reduce the surface roughness by 82.1% and 36%. However, with the increase of feed rate, the surface quality decreased significantly, and the surface roughness increased by 55.6%. The surface micro-morphology of the machined workpiece is observed, and the effects of different processing parameters on the surface micro-morphology are obtained.
Cutting Edge: DOCK8 Regulates a Subset of Dendritic Cells That Is Critical for the Development of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Weliwitigoda Asanga , Palle Pushpalatha , Gessner Melissa , Hubbard Nicholas W , Oukka Mohamed , Bettelli Estelle
Published: October 2021

Dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor with an essential role in cytoskeletal rearrangement, cell migration, and survival of various immune cells. Interestingly, DOCK8-deficient mice are resistant to the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). To understand if EAE resistance in these mice results from an alteration in dendritic cell (DC) functions, we generated mice with conditional deletion of DOCK8 in DCs and observed attenuated EAE in these mice compared with control mice. Additionally, we demonstrated that DOCK8 is important for the existence of splenic conventional DC2 and lymph node migratory DCs and further established that migratory DC, rather than resident DC, are essential for the generation and proliferation of pathogenic T cell populations upon immunization with myelin Ag in adjuvant. Therefore, our data suggest that limiting migratory DCs through DOCK8 deletion and possibly other mechanisms could limit the development of CNS autoimmunity.
Cutting Edge: Caspase-8 Is a Linchpin in Caspase-3 and Gasdermin D Activation to Control Cell Death, Cytokine Release, and Host Defense during Influenza A Virus Infection
Authors: Wang Yaqiu , Karki Rajendra , Zheng Min , Kancharana Balabhaskararao , Lee SangJoon , Kesavardhana Sannula , Hansen Baranda S , Pruett-Miller Shondra M , Kanneganti Thirumala-Devi
Published: October 2021

Programmed cell death (PCD) is essential for the innate immune response, which serves as the first line of defense against pathogens. Caspases regulate PCD, immune responses, and homeostasis. Caspase-8 specifically plays multifaceted roles in PCD pathways including pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis. However, because caspase-8–deficient mice are embryonically lethal, little is known about how caspase-8 coordinates different PCD pathways under physiological conditions. Here, we report an anti-inflammatory role of caspase-8 during influenza A virus infection. We generated viable mice carrying an uncleavable version of caspase-8 (Casp8DA/DA). We demonstrated that caspase-8 autoprocessing was responsible for activating caspase-3, thereby suppressing gasdermin D–mediated pyroptosis and inflammatory cytokine release. We also found that apoptotic and pyroptotic pathways were activated at the same time during influenza A virus infection, which enabled the cell-intrinsic anti-inflammatory function of the caspase-8–caspase-3 axis. Our findings provide new insight into the immunological consequences of caspase-8–coordinated PCD cross-talk under physiological conditions.
Evaluation of CD30 expression in B ALL and its correlation with MRD(Minimum Residual Disease)
Authors: Kazemian Amirhossein , Nematollahi Pardis
Published: October 2021

Background:

This study was conducted to evaluate CD30 expression in minimum residual disease after chemotherapy in B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL).

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study on 30 new cases of B-ALL between 2018 and 2019. We checked CD30 expressions in fresh bone marrow aspirates by flow cytometry. After 28 days of routine chemotherapy, we calculated minimal residual disease in CD30 positive and negative patients and compare them by Kolmogorov–Smirnov test.

Results:

Thirty patients with B-ALL with a mean age of 15.62 ± 20.488 were included in the study. CD30 marker was positive in about 10 patients and was negative in about 20 participants. Mean blast count in baseline in CD30 positive group was 77 ± 7.88%, in negative group was 76.3 ± 17.78 % (P = 0.292). After 28 days of chemotherapy mean minimal residual disease (MRD) was 1.07 ± 3.754 in the negative group, 0.12 ± 0.034 in the positive group (P = 0.025).

Conclusion:

Lower MRD on day 28 after chemotherapy was seen in B-ALL patients with baseline CD30 expression.
Complications of illegal abortion in the suburbs of Tehran
Authors: Rashidpouraie Roya , Dastjerdi Marzieh Vahid , Shojaei Ahmad , Saeeditehrani Saeedeh , Sharifi Mohammadnader , Joodaki Kobra , Moosavinejad Shahriar , Rashidpouraei Mina , Zahedi Ladannaz , Mashkoori Ahmad , Larijani Bagher
Published: October 2021

Background:

Illegal abortion is a common way to terminate unintended pregnancy. It may be associated with severe complications and may raise maternal mortality and morbidity rate. Illegal abortion is one of the important concerns in health system. In our study, we consider illegal abortion claims in Medical Council court in the suburbs of Tehran.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective study was conducted. Data were extracted from registered judicial complainant cases of illegal abortion in Shahriyar medical court, Iran, during 2009–2017.

Results:

There were 751 registered claims during 2009–2017. Among them, a total of 95 gynecological claims were included in the study. Four (4.2%) registered claims were illegal abortion with severe complications such as peritonitis, rupture of uterine, small intestine, rectum, and mesentery perforation. Three cases had consumed misoprostol (prostaglandin E2) and one case had used prostaglandin E1 before curettage. Misoprostol was also used significantly more frequently than other methods for abortion before curettage (P < 0.05). Minor and short-term complications did not registered.

Conclusion:

The feature of claims showed that only severe morbidity and complications were registered in medical court. The definition of illegal abortion as a criminal act can be one of the factors of decreasing of abortion's complication claims.
Anesthesia technique and serum cytokine concentrations in the elective cesarean section
Authors: Hassanshahi Gholamhossein , Hadavi Maryam , Jafarzadeh Abdollah , Rezaeian Mohsen , Vazirinejad Reza , Sarkoohi Ali , Aminzadeh Fariba
Published: October 2021

Background:

Anesthesiologists should obtain the best technique for cesarean section (CS). This study designed to compare the effect of general anesthesia (GA) and spinal anesthesia (SA) on immune system function in elective CS.

Materials and Methods:

This descriptive study was performed on forty candidates for elective CS. They were randomly divided into GA and SA groups. The serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were measured using ELISA method prior to anesthesia (T0), immediately after the uterine incision (T1), 2 h post CS (T2), and 24 h post CS (T3). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square, independent t-test, and repeated measures.

Results:

No significant differences were observed between the GA and SA groups regarding the serum levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, and IFN-γ. The serum levels of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in the SA group were significantly (P = 0.003) more than that of the GA group at T3.

Conclusion:

According to the angiogenesis properties of TGF-β, it seems that SA probably affects the rate of recovery more than that of the GA.
Agreement between the results of tuberculin skin test and Interferon-Gamma Release Assays in renal transplant candidates
Authors: Samavat Shiva , Alahyari Sam , Sangian Ali , Nasiri Malihe , Nafar Mohsen , Firoozan Ahmad , Samadian Fariba , Dalili Nooshin , Poorrezagholi Fatemeh
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

Identification of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection is important in kidney transplant candidates. Due to the absence of a gold standard, both tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA) are used to screen patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agreement of these two tests in patients undergoing renal transplantation.

Materials and Methods:

Two hundred kidney transplant candidates at a referral center in 2014–2017 were included in this study. TST and Quantiferon-Gold (QFT-G) tests were performed for all patients before transplantation. In case of a positive result in any of the tests, patients were administered a 9-month prophylaxis treatment using isoniazid. Cohen's kappa coefficient (k) test was used to determine the agreement between the two tests.

Results:

The mean age of patients was 40.72 ± 18.33. Nine (4.5%) patients had positive TST and 16 (8%) had positive IGRA. Concordance of the two tests was evaluated as medium (κ = 0.44 and P < 0.001). No association was found between the underlying causes of renal failure and skin test positive or IGRA. The tests showed a poor agreement among diabetics, candidates of re-transplantation, and those who were on dialysis for longer than a year (κ < 0.20).

Conclusion:

TST or IGRA can be used to screen TB in kidney transplant candidates with a moderate agreement. However, we suggest using both TST and QFT-G in diabetics, re-transplant candidates, and those on dialysis for >1 year.
Prevalence and 5-year incidence rate of dyslipidemia and its association with other coronary artery disease risk factors in Iran
Authors: Najafipour Hamid , Yousefzadeh Gholamreza , Baneshi Mohammad Reza , Gohari Milad Ahmadi , Shahouzehi Beydolah , Farokhi Mitra Shadkam , Mirzazadeh Ali
Published: October 2021

Background:

Dyslipidemia (DL) is an important risk factor of coronary artery disease (CAD). We evaluated DL prevalence and its 5-year incidence rate in southeastern Iran, to assess the severity and growth rate of this CAD risk factor in the region.

Materials and Methods:

This study was a part of the Kerman CAD Risk Factors Study Phase 2 (2014–2018) among 9996 individuals aged 15–80 years, from whom 2820 individuals had also participated in Phase 1 (2009–2011). In mg/dl, cholesterol ≥240 and/or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥160 and/or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 for men and <50 for women and/or triglyceride >200 were defined as DL.

Results:

The lipid profile of 9911 persons was analyzed. Overall 19.6% had borderline cholesterol and 6.4% suffered from hypercholesterolemia. 56.6% of the population (62.5% of females vs. 48.5% of males) suffer from DL, from whom 73.4% were undiagnosed. Female gender, advanced age, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, anxiety, and depression predicted DL in the study population. The prevalence of DL was significantly lower in Phase 2 (56.6%) compared to Phase 1 (81.4%). The prevalence of undiagnosed DL (UDL) and diagnosed DL (DDL) was 40.7% and 16.2%, respectively. The 5-year incidence rate of DL was 2.58 persons/100 person-years (3.24 in females vs. 2.20 in males).

Conclusion:

Although there were promising signs of a reduction in DL and increase in DDL in the last 5 years, a high percentage of the population have DL yet, from whom mostly are undiagnosed. DL was significantly associated with other CAD risk factors. Therefore, the health-care management system should improve its strategies to reduce the health burden of DL.
The association between serum TSH concentration whithin the normal range and nutritional status in euthyroid pregnant women at the first trimester of gestation
Authors: Mardanian Farahnaz , Goodarzi-Khoigani Masoomeh , Mahmoodabad Seyed Saeed Mazloomy , Moghadam Mohammad Hossein Baghiani , Nadjarzadeh Azadeh , Feizi Awat , Allameh Zahra , Molavi Sajedeh
Published: October 2021

Background:

Follow-up studies have shown an increased risk of thyroid dysfunction in individuals with normal serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Furthermore, the possible consequences of minor differences in thyroid function (without achieving poor thyroid function) in the risk of weight gain during pregnancy are questionable, too. The production of TSH is under the hypothalamus–pituitary control, and food is one of the most effective environmental agents that control hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis activity. Regarding the few available studies, we assessed the association of minor variations of TSH concentrations and nutritional status in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study was performed on 150 primiparous healthy women. Demographic and family characteristics were collected using a researcher-administered questionnaire. Nutrients intake were extracted from a 72-h recall, and physical activity scores were determined by the pregnancy physical activity scale.

Results:

The prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) (β =0.022, P = 0.004) and participants' weight at 6–10 weeks of gestation (β =0.006, P = 0.024) were positively associated with TSH concentrations, while total physical activity score was negatively correlated (β = [FIGURE DASH]0.006, P = 0.047). We did not find any significant association between TSH values and energy-adjusted nutrients intake (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

We suggest that differences in TSH concentrations within normal range in the first trimester are correlated with gaining weight, physical activity level, and prepregnancy BMI. TSH concentration and consequently thyroid function may influence on gestational weight gain or vice versa.
Factors associated with adherence to treatment in Iranian patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Forouzan Zohre , Gholamrezaie Ali , Nasimi Hasan , Faramarzi Mohammad , Bagheri-Ghalehsalimi Amin , Nourian Seyed-mohammadamin , Fereidan-Esfahani Mahboobeh , Emami Mohammadhasan
Published: October 2021

Background:

In this study, we investigated several socioeconomic, clinical, and psychological factors associated with medication adherence in a sample of Iranian patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Materials and Methods:

This study was conducted on 110 IBD patients from 2013 to 2014 in Isfahan, Iran. The patients were invited to complete three anonymous questionnaires including the Hospital and Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) for assessing the levels of anxiety and depression; IBD Questionnaire-Short Form (IBDQ-9) for the quality of life; and a visual analog scale assessing the medication adherence. A self-assessment adherence rate of more than 80% was considered “appropriate adherence.”

Results:

Overall, 99 patients completed the questionnaires. Among them, 77.8% reportedly adhered to their medications. There was no statistical difference between adherence and nonadherence rates in terms of gender, educational status, disease type, disease severity, and family history of IBD. Conversely, single patients (100% vs. 74.1%; P = 0.03), nonsmokers (79.4% vs. 0.0%; P = 0.04), patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs (100% vs. 71.9%; P = 0.01), and corticosteroids (95.1% vs. 65.5%; P = 0.01) were more likely to be adhered than their counterparts. No differences emerged in terms of the mean HADS scores in either of the sexes. The mean IBDQ-9 score was significantly higher in adhered patients only in females (31.08 ± 11.6 vs. 24.7 ± 9.1; P = 0.04) but not in males.

Conclusion:

The adherence rate in our study is almost similar to developed countries. Single marital status, not smoking, receiving corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs, and higher IBDQ-9 score in females are associated with higher adherence rate.