bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aproximación a la biblioteca escolar y al bibliotecario a través de la investigación en Latinoamérica, España y Estados Unidos: un acercamiento inicial a los conceptos.
Authors: Duque Cardona Natalia , Ramírez Zuluaga Juan Diego , Tobón Agudelo Juan David
Published: November 2022

El artículo tiene como propósito aproximarse, a través de un rastreo ibliográfico, a la producción investigativa en el campo de la biblioteca escolar en Latinoamérica, Estados Unidos y España. Inicialmente se expone el diseño metodológico utilizado para el rastreo de las investigaciones.A continuación, se exponen los conceptos y categorías más destacadas en las investigaciones exploradas. Posteriormente, se resaltan algunos aspectos de orden territorial en el campo de la investigación en biblioteca escolar, para finalizar con la presentación de las principales conclusiones, hallazgos y vacíos encontrados. Este documento es uno de los productos derivados de la investigación Representaciones Sociales de la Biblioteca Escolar, el Bibliotecario y su relación con la escuela: sistematización “Pásate a la Biblioteca Escolar”, realizada por el Grupo de Investigación en Información, Conocimiento y Sociedad de la Escuela Interamericana de Bibliotecología de la Universidad de Antioquia.
De la casa al museo, el uso social del archivo personal.
Authors: Barrios María Gabriela , Pujol Rosana , Schwartz Adriana Marcela
Published: November 2022

En una de las habitaciones de la casa –ubicada en medio de los jardines– su “archivo” se mantuvo luego de su fallecimiento. Fue intervenido en distintas oportunidades, sin concluirse una organización ni el acceso público a él. Describimos la tercera de esas intervenciones y las acciones surgidas del proceso de indagación en la diversidad de documentos existentes.Sostenemos que la puesta en valor de los archivos se constituye tanto desde el proceso técnico de conservación, como también desde la sensibilización social que se logra al generar su accesibilidad y que demanda diálogos interdisciplinares. Por ello se exponen las estrategias desarrolladas en ambos campos de acción. En este sentido, se trata de una sistematización de los procedimientos y acciones de intervención realizadas en ambos campos y en el marco de una política cultural patrimonial estatal.
Colaboración científica en el área de las Ciencias Básicas:
Authors: Liberatore Gustavo , Vuotto Andrés , Pallotta Natalia
Published: November 2022

La investigación científica en colaboración es un fenómeno que ha ido creciendo notablemente en los últimos años, especialmente en las Ciencias Básicas. Conocer sus particularidades es fundamental para los organismos de investigación en un contexto de toma de decisiones. En este artículo se analizan las características de la colaboración científica a partir de técnicas de gestión de datos y metodologías de análisis desarrolladas principalmente desde campo bibliotecológico y las métricas de la información. Se pone en observación el caso del Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas (IIB), dependiente de la Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP). Constituye un estudio innovador ya que no existen trabajos anteriores sobre el panorama de investigación en este organismo. Se analizó la co-autoría de las publicaciones en el período 2007-2016 indizadas en la fuente Web of Science (WoS), empleando esencialmente indicadores de filiación geográfica e institucional. Los resultados arrojados ofrecen un diagnóstico claro y preciso sobre las características de la colaboración científica en las Ciencias Básicas, en un instituto de importante trayectoria en esta área como es el IIB.
estudios en Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad para la biblioterapia, su vínculo con las disciplinas informacionales.
Authors: Castro Viguera Yenifer , Chávez Montejo Yarelys
Published: November 2022

Objetivo. La presente investigación se propuso analizar la incidencia de los estudios CTS en la biblioterapia y el papel en la misma de los profesionales de la información, a partir de los fundamentos de la Bibliotecología y la Ciencia de la Información. Metodología. Constituye un estudio cualitativo, con carácter exploratorio-descriptivo, que tiene en cuenta la interdisciplinariedad de la biblioterapia y las premisas cognoscitivas del enfoque social en Ciencia y Tecnología. Resultados: Se puso de manifiesto la pertinencia de abordar el estudio de la biblioterapia desde los postulados CTS; así como las convergencias disciplinares de la Bibliotecología y la Ciencia de la Información en este ámbito, en cuanto a su evolución teóricay al ejercicio de sus profesionales. Conclusiones: Los estudios CTS permiten encauzar la investigación científica para beneficio de la sociedad en su conjunto. La biblioterapia se encuentra en plena consonancia con este enfoque, pues constituye un campo interdisciplinar, que conecta las esferas de las Humanidades y las Ciencias Médicas, con un fin social. En el ámbito de la lectura terapéutica confluyen la Bibliotecología y la CI, así como los profesionales que las tipifican, a partir de los respectivos pilares epistemológicos y objetos sociales; aspecto que potencia la perspectiva CTS.
Biblioclastia
Authors: Bosch Mela
Published: November 2022

Mela Bosch es lingüista. Fue titular de cátedra e investigadora en la Universidad Nacional de la Plata y docente de seminarios de grado y posgrado en varias universidades argentinas. Sus publicaciones a nivel nacional e internacional se encuentran en repositorios de acceso abierto. Fue consultora de organismos públicos y trabajó en empresas informáticas en bases documentales, lenguajes controlados y organización del conocimiento tanto en Argentina como en Europa. Fue Directora por concurso del CAICYT-CONICET, allí además coordinó el desarrollo del Vocabulario sobre Biblioclastia. Impulsó la creación y forma parte del Colectivo Basta Biblioclastia. Actualmente vive en Italia y coordina para una organización francoargentina un proyecto sobre impactos psi de las lenguas en las migraciones y trabaja en temas de ciencia abierta para una editorial internacional.
Embargo de los libros del Obispo Antonio Rodrigo de Orellana: un traslado patrimonial desde Córdoba a la Biblioteca Pública de Buenos Aires
Authors: Maggi Raquel
Published: November 2022

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto dar a conocer, el expediente por el cual se tramitó el embargo y traslado de bienes de la biblioteca del Obispo Antonio Rodrigo de Orellana. Para ello, se procedió al tratamiento del documento desde la perspectiva archivística, reconociendo la fuente documental, sus características, y todo dato relevante que pudiese resultar relacionadocon la Ciencia de Información. El análisis documental posibilitó identificar el expediente y el inventario de los pasos administrativos que concluyeron en el traslado de libros de la valiosa biblioteca del prelado desde la Gobernación de Córdoba a la ciudad de Buenos Aires.
The Effect of a Single Dose of Prophylactic Vancomycin Prior to Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Removal on Sepsis
Authors: Baker Mark , Bhattarai Bikash , Johnson Patricia J. , Wade Christine , Micetic Becky , Mody Kartik
Published: November 2022

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the effect of a single dose of prophylactic vancomycin prior to the removal of a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) in decreasing sepsis evaluations, positive cultures, and antibiotic usage in neonates.

METHODS

A retrospective review was conducted from December 1, 2015, through November 30, 2019, to evaluate outcomes of sepsis evaluations, positive cultures, and antibiotic usage in neonates not receiving prophylactic vancomycin prior to the discontinuation of a PICC as compared with those receiving prophylaxis vancomycin in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

RESULTS

Of the 138 neonates enrolled in the study, 82 did not receive vancomycin prophylaxis (Cohort 1), and 56 did (Cohort 2). Both cohorts were similar in sex distribution, gestational age, and PICC days. The frequency of sepsis evaluations, positive cultures, and the need for antibiotics was not found to be significant (p = 0.404, 0.703, 0.808) (Table 2).

CONCLUSIONS The results did not show a statistically significant improvement in the incidence of sepsis in neonates who received prophylactic vancomycin prior to PICC discontinuation. However, there were lower percentages of sepsis evaluations, positive cultures, and antibiotics administered in the Cohort 2 patients. Although the advantage of implementing this antibiotic policy is uncertain based on this study, further research across multiple centers including a larger number of subjects may provide more conclusive results.
Decreased Antibiotic Exposure for Suspected Early-Onset Sepsis in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Through Implementation of an Antimicrobial Time-out
Authors: Muller Michael R. , Mahadeo Anshu M. , Mayne Julia P. , Mennella Jenna M. , Mun Patrick A. , Tucker Richard , Bliss Joseph M.
Published: November 2022

Antimicrobials are among the most frequently prescribed drugs in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), although most neonates exposed lack a bacterial infection. Overuse of antimicrobials carries risk to the patient and fosters the development of resistant organisms. Strategic and systematic processes hold promise to limit the unnecessary use of these drugs in this population. This study reports a quality improvement initiative in which 2 antimicrobial stewardship strategies were implemented in a large, regional NICU setting: an automatic stop order and an antimicrobial time-out. Antimicrobial use was compared before and after implementation. These 2 simple strategies were associated with a nearly 30% reduction in antibiotic use (31 days per 1000 patient days).
Avaliação e controle de impactos ambientais: triagem e escopo
Authors: Barroso Ricardo Cavalcante
Published: November 2022

A avaliação e o controle de impactos no Brasil se constituem de instrumentos fundamentais para a proteção do meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado, valor e bem essencial para a manutenção da qualidade de vida para as presentes e futuras gerações. Nessa perspectiva, o momento da tomada de decisão sobre a viabilidade ambiental de empreendimentos capazes de proporcionar significativos impactos ao meio ambiente demanda constante aprimoramento no sentido de tornar cada mais apropriada, completa e holística a gestão do meio ambiente. Com esse propósito, o estudo foca atenção nas etapas de triagem (screening) e escopo (scoping), destacando as suas relevâncias para proporcionar uma abordagem compreensiva dos impactos de modo mais inclusiva e capaz de antecipar os riscos da atividade impactante. Assim, a fase de definição dos estudos mais apropriados para a compreensão dos impactos de empreendimentos, ainda em sua fase de concepção (escopo) e a fase de definição da exigência do EIA/RIMA afiguram-se como etapa das mais relevantes para o atingimento dos objetivos legais impregnados à avaliação de impactos ambientais.
Desastres ambientais e governança corporativa: programas de compliance como mecanismos de investimento na economia reputacional
Authors: Cruz Gonçalves de Souza Lívia Maria , Mathias Souto Luana
Published: November 2022

O presente artigo tem por objetivo demonstrar como a governança corporativa pode auxiliar na prevenção de desastres ambientais, bem como apresentar como a implantação de programas de compliance vem sendo utilizada como investimento na economia reputacional das mineradoras após os desastres ocorridos no Brasil. Para atingir esta  finalidade,  propõe-se utilização de método hipotético dedutivo por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o tema, dados empíricos apresentados por entidades relacionados à temática e estudo de caso. Por fim, conclui-se que a governança corporativa é imprescindível para as empresas mineradoras tanto na prevenção de desastres ambientais quanto em suas recuperações após desastres.
La reducción en el consumo de bolsas de plástico como elemento clave de un modelo de economía circular: un análisis desde el Derecho
Authors: Forns i Gómez Alba
Published: November 2022

Las conductas humanas consumistas, la cultura del derroche y el modelo económico lineal –arraigado des del origen de la Primera Revolución Industrial en nuestras sociedades– han devenido factores determinantes para la aparición de la crisis climática que amenaza el medio ambiente. Las consecuencias fatídicas que ya están perjudicando la vida terrestre, han hecho surgir una conciencia ambiental reaccionaria tanto desde la vertiente económica –de la que emana un modelo económico circular– como de la social.  La sensibilización aun no es absoluta y es por ello que resulta esencial la intervención legislativa para combatir estas conductas y también para resolver y paliar los efectos que la actuación humana e industrial han ocasionado en el medio ambiente. Este estudio, se centra específicamente sobre el análisis jurídico del impacto que han tenido las bolsas de plástico en los sistemas acuáticos y terrestres y las medidas que aplican los organismos comunitarios –europeos– y los españoles para resolver las afectaciones pasadas y reducir las futuras. Con esta finalidad, después de realizar un análisis general de la economía circular como eje motivador de la adopción de medidas contra el plástico, se examinan en profundidad la Directiva (UE) 2015/720 y su transposición en el ordenamiento jurídico español mediante el Real Decreto 293/2018.
Plaisu novēršana keramikas un cementa bāzes materiālos
Authors: Guzlēna Sandra
Published: November 2022

Promocijas darbs uzrakstīts kā tematiski vienota zinātnisko publikāciju kopa, kurā pētīta plaisu samazināšana keramikas (māla ķieģeļos) un cementa bāzes fasādes materiālos (ar stikla šķiedru armēts betons – GRC). Promocijas darba gaitā veikta karjera “Liepa” mālu analīze un novērtēta to ietekme uz plaisu veidošanos keramiskajos materiālos, meklēti risinājumi plaisu mazināšanai dažādos tehnoloģiskajos posmos. Veikta GRC izpēte, mainot izejmateriālus, lai uzlabotu lieces īpašības, kā arī novērtēta kristalizējošo piedevu efektivitāte GRC plaisu pašdziedēšanā.
A Response to Thought in Motion
Authors: Manning Erin
Published: November 2022

Right in the middle: chaos. Or better put: chaoz. “A radically empirical, chaozmatic qualitative inquiry, then, is one that reckons with the quasi chaotic threshold of the middle—the middle of the method, the middle of the field, the middle of the muddle” (Bradley Robinson).
Disequilibrium, Disorder, Discord at a Video Game Design Camp: Welling the Chaos in Qualitative Inquiry
Authors: Robinson Bradley
Published: November 2022

Whereas the colloquial notion of chaos as disorder, chance, and anarchy is laden with negative connotations in educational contexts—that is, chaos inhibits rather than promotes—the author attempts to rehabilitate chaos by drawing on a process philosophical view that emphasizes chaos’s generative potential. To develop this line of inquiry, the author offers a genealogical account of chaos across the work of Erin Manning before discussing its implications for qualitative inquiry in education. The text then picks up speed through an anarchival experiment with the Giga-Games Camp (pseudonym), a video game design camp for adolescents. Through this work, the author suggests that worlds cohere and are expressed through chaos, not in spite of it, and that qualitative researchers might therefore seek the virtue in chaos, especially in such chaotic times as our own.
Assessment of VO2 Max among Female Workers of Cotton Textile Industry at Visnagar, North Gujarat Region: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Nileshkumar Shah Mansi , Ekambaram Gnanadesigan , Pandya Jinal , Vara Alkesh , Khandhedia Riya Nilesh , Nagooran Sivasubramanian
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Occupational lung illness is a significant problem among textile factory workers. Occupational cotton dust exposure has been linked to lung involvement in many epidemiological studies of cotton industry workers. The maximum oxygen intake is one of the measures used to estimate functional capacity (VO2 max) of cardiopulmonary efficiency. The integration of the ventilatory, cardiovascular and neuromuscular system is necessary for attainment of VO2 max. Aim: To assess the VO2 max among women employees in cotton textile industry and to study the correlation between VO2 max and anthropometric parameters like Body Mass Index (BMI), Body Surface Area (BSA), fat percent (fat %) and Lean Body Mass (LBM). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2021 to June 2021 at Nootan Medical College and Research Centre/Nootan General Hospital, Visnagar, Dt. Mehsana, North Gujarat, India, which included study and control group which comprised 50 female workers of cotton industry and 50 age matched females respectively (n=50 each) who had never worked in the cotton industry or been exposed to cotton dust. The labourers of cotton industry were chosen from the Mehsana district’s numerous cotton factories. Physical examinations (resting heart rate, resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure) and a standardised proforma were used to gather data. VO2 max and anthropometric measurements such as BMI, BSA, fat % and LBM were measured by standard procedure. The statistical analysis was done by using Student’s t-test and Pearson correlation test. The correlation between BMI, BSA, fat percent and LBM with maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) was assessed by using Karl-Pearson’s correlation with level of significance was considered statistically significant if p<0.05. Results: The mean value of VO2 max in study and control group was 35.62±0.34 mL/kg/min and 36.80±0.58 mL/kg/min respectively. It was decreased significantly (p<0.001) in study group. The r values of BMI, BSA, LBM and body fat % were 0.262, 0.132, 0.236, 0.224 respectively. In the present study correlation between BMI, BSA, LBM, body fat % with VO2 max was reported as weak positive correlation which was not statistically significant. Conclusion: VO2 max was significantly decreased in cotton industry workers compared to non exposed control subjects. More studies on the effects of cotton dust on VO2 max should be conducted in future in both genders.
Synchronous Tumours: A Combination of Carcinoid and Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yanamadala Rowhit , Lakshmipathy Koushik , Arafat Mohammad Jinnah Yasar , Aravind AS Raj
Published: November 2022

Synchronous tumour refers to cases in which the second primary cancer is diagnosed within six months of primary cancer. Carcinoid tumours are innocuous at time of presentation, emphasising the need for multidisciplinary approach for the diagnosis. A 80-year-old male patient came with complaints of cough with expectoration on and off for three years, with occasional minimal haemoptysis, haematemesis on and off for two months, loss of weight and loss of appetite for the past two months and complaints of increased cough for the past 1 week. Chest X-ray showed ill-defined opacity in the left lower zone. Contrast enhanced computed tomography showed two well defined heterogenous enhancing lesion in the superior and lateral basal segment of left lower lobe. Bronchoscopy guided biopsy revealed typical carcinoid. In view of recurrent diarrhoea, patient underwent endoscopy which revealed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Gastrointestinal symptoms along with lung symptoms can be attributed to disseminated carcinoid or carcinoid syndrome. Carcinoid syndrome occurs in fewer than 5% of cases. It presents with symptoms like diarrhoea, wheezing, palpitations, hypotension. In the present case authors were attributing the gastric symptoms to carcinoid syndrome. Endoscopy was done in view of diarrhoea which revealed a second malignancy. Multiple tumours diagnosed have to be evaluated and staged separately and the treatment should be decided on staging to attain maximum clinical response. Patient condition worsened and patient expired in two weeks. All symptoms in a tumour patient should not be attributed to paraneoplastic syndromes and metastasis, further workup should be done using a multidisciplinary approach.
Efficiency Performance Trends in the Food Processing Industry in Tanzania
Authors: Lufano Veneranda Vedastus , Kirori Gabriel
Published: November 2022

Aim: This study aimed to examine the efficiency performance trends of food processing industries in Tanzania; in terms of technical efficiency using panel data of 40 food processing industries purposively selected industries throughout 2018 to 2020.

Materials and Methods: A longitudinal or panel design, which involved pooling cross-sectional and time series data, was utilized in this investigation.  A stochastic frontier production model was applied using a linearized Translog production function to determine the performance elasticity coefficients of inputs and technical efficiency. The quantitative strategy was chosen by the researcher since it is both time and money efficient and requires less time for data collecting and processing.

Results: The results from estimations reveal that the overall technical efficiencies for the selected food industry were 79.61%. However, the performance for food industries indicates ineffective performance with technical efficiency of 77.85%. This study concluded that an average of 22.15 percent technical potentiality were not achieved by the food in the period 2018 to 2020 respectively.

Contribution to Policy Implication: This study recommends the government to further investigate factors that slow down the growth of food industries. Such factors may include regulatory obstacles (external factors) and management systems (internal factors). Also, the study suggests taking into account how well public and parastatal agriculture agencies are performing.
On Absolute Continuity of Non Negative Functions
Authors: Olwamba Levi Otanga
Published: November 2022

This paper is committed to the study of absolute continuity of non negative functions with respect to vector measures. Almost everywhere properties are applied to establish boundedness, measurability and convergence of sequences of measurable functions. The measurability of sets with respect to vector duality functions with values in a Hilbert space is considered.
Effect of Brown Manuring and Different Levels of Nutrients on Growth and Yield Attributes of Aerobic Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Reddy M. Poornima , Chaudhary S. K. , Kurdekar Akshay Kumar , Sandeep S. N. , Kumar M. Vinay
Published: November 2022

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2019 to assess the Effect of brown manuring and different levels of nutrients on growth and yield attributes of aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) at Crop Research Centre, Dr Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar. This experiment was conducted in randomized block design (factorial) with sixteen treatment combinations replicated thrice using the rice variety “Abhishek” as a test crop which was planted with a spacing of 20 cm row to row, with the seed rate of 40 kg ha-1. The experimental results indicated that higher values of growth parameters viz. Plant height (109cm), tillers/m2 (355), dry matter production (969g/m2) and crop growth rate (12.2g/m2/day) were observed in rice + brown manuring treatment (B2) as compared to rice without brown manuring (B1) at harvest. While among the nutrient levels, treatment F8- 70 kg/ha phosphorous and 50 kg/ha potassium as split recorded significantly higher growth parameters (tillers/m2, dry matter production and crop growth rate), yield attributes (panicles/m2, grains/panicle), grain yield, while remaining at par with treatment F4 -60 kg/ha phosphorous and 50 kg/ha potassium as split. However, the interaction effect of both the factors did not significantly influence any of the parameters. Further the Aerobic rice cultivation save 40-45 per cent of water as compared to low land cultivation of rice.
Studies on Heterosis Employing Leaf Curl Resistant Mutant for Several Horticultural Traits Related to Earliness and Yield in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Srivastava Rajneesh , Prasad V. M. , Meena Kamlesh
Published: November 2022

Aim: Determine the degree of heterosis for the yield and earliness component qualities in order to generate hybrids for early and high yield through heterosis breeding.

Study Design: The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications.

Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at the ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research in Varanasi, which is located about 20 kilometres to the southwest of the city on the Ganga River's bank at an elevation of 128.93 metres above mean sea level and lies between 82.52 degrees east and 25.10 degrees north (MSL). The experiment was carried out in late Kharif in 2015 and 2016, as well as in the summer of 2017.

Methodology: In total 33 crosses were developed using 14 tomato genotypes, including the tomato leaf curl virus susceptible variety Punjab Chhuhara and the advanced breeding line H-88-78-2, a mutant resistant to leaf curl with altered inflorescence and ripening, in order to evaluate the heterosis for earliness and yield attributes. Three cultivars were the male parents (testers), while eleven cultivars were the female parents (line). As a result,   33 tomato hybrids were developed adopting the line tester method. Each line in this design is paired with one of the "t" testers using a random sample of "I" lines.  Over the better parent, the mid parent, and the standard/check (Arka Rakshak) heterosis was estimated according to Singh and Chaudhary (1979).

Results: Based on results from both seasons, the cross P7×P13 showed the highest significant negative heterosis per cent for earliest traits like days to first flower (-46.43, -43.80), days to 50% flowering (-35.66, -50.00), and days to first ripening (-30.09, -28.74) over superior parent in first and second seasons, respectively. The hybrid P9×P13 displayed the highest significant heterosis per cent for the features linked to yield in the first and second seasons, for the number of fruits per plant (71.78, 592.04) and yield per plant (75.11, 425.88). The outcome showed that minimum days of first blooming and first ripening are indicative of earliness, and the maximum yield per plant was associated with the highest possible number of fruits per plant.

Conclusion: Based on the results of both seasons, it was determined that the tomato mutant (P13) generated hybrids had low and negative heterosis for qualities associated to earliness and high and positive heterosis for traits related to yield. As a result, the number of fruits per plant and the number of days before the first fruit ripens are better measures of output and earliness. By altering this particular attribute, it would be possible to improve productivity with early crops. Breeders should therefore concentrate largely on the number of fruits and the days to first ripening in order to achieve a high and early yield.
Farmer Resilience to Floods - A Post-Disaster Analysis in the Flood Plains of Kerala, India
Authors: George Femi Elizabeth , Prema A. , Hema M.
Published: November 2022

Extreme weather and climate events lead to substantial economic impacts, loss of lives and livelihoods, and adverse effects on human well-being and the environment. In a scenario where intensity and incidence of climate change induced extreme weather events are common, disasters will continue to be a regular phenomenon, compelling us to learn to live with it. The resilience of rural communities to weather adversities need to be explored, to cope with, adapt to disasters. In the background of the unprecedented deluge that engulfed in Kerala, the southernmost tip of India, in 2018 the study was undertaken to analyse the resilience level of the affected farmers. Although people of the state have experienced minor floods in  past years, the flood of 2018 left the people of the state wholly devastated, with the turbulent water taking away most of their assets and livelihood options. The study used the factor analysis and logit model to analyse farmer resilience. The study was conducted by selecting 120 sample farmers along the flood plains of Chalakudy river, one of the worst affected flood plains. Through factor analysis, seven factors representing eight components of resilience were identified. The analysis identified risk orientation as the highly influencing factor in building resilience. Logistic regression analysis revealed education and subsidiary occupation as having a positive influence, while family size and crop diversification index negatively influence resilience.
Impact of Nano-fertilizers on Growth Performance of Fig Crop and Soil Health
Authors: Mustafa Nabil S. A. , Matter Ibrahim A. , El-Dahshouri Mohamad F. , Zhang Lixin , Mahfouze Sherin A. , Shaarawy Hassan H. , El-Berry Islam M.
Published: November 2022

The current study aimed to study the effect of foliar application of nano-NPK fertilizer to one-year-old Fig trees (cv. Black Mission) in terms of tree growth performance as well as on soil microbial activity. The investigated concentrations of nano-NPK were 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm in addition to the control treatment applied for two seasons. The obtained results for both seasons indicated that all concentrations of nano-fertilizers significantly improved parameters of vegetative growth and soil health compared to the control group. However, the highest values for leaf wet and dry weight, leaf area, and leaf water content were recorded as a result of foliar fertilization at a concentration of 300 ppm. While 400 and 500 ppm nano-NPK gave the highest values for the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and chlorophyll in the leaves. On the other hand, the highest bacterial activity was found in Fig’s rhizosp here subjected to foliar application with nano-NPK at concentrations of 300, 400 and 500 ppm. In addition, the highest POX and PPO isozyme activities were scored in 200 and 300 ppm. In general, foliar fertilization with nano-NPK can be recommended as it enhances vegetative growth, leaf chlorophyll and mineral contents without negative impact on soil microbial activity.
Parametric Prediction and Optimization of Mild Steel Geometry Composition Using TIG Welding Methods
Authors: Chuka Chinwuko Emmanuel , Daniel Ezeliora Chukwuemeka , Chiedu Ezeanyim Okechukwu
Published: November 2022

The research focused on the application of the tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding method on mild steel metal materials and its optimization of the welding input factors along with its mechanical response parameters using the response surface method (RSM). The study has reviewed many research works alongside works of literature related to the study, and also revealed that the specific studied mild steel weld bead geometry mechanical properties on its weldment have not been studied to the best of the researchers' knowledge. The material under study is IS 2062, why the method applied for the analysis is the response surface method of optimization. The result shows the optimal solutions of both the input factors and the response parameters. The optimization results show that the optimal solutions for input process factors are: a gas flow rate of 16.00m3/s, welding speed is 113.221m/s, welding voltage is 18.00V, and welding current is 217.914A. The optimization results for the response parameters are; 344.628MPa for Hardness strength, 331.042 MPa for Yield strength, 25.272% for percentage Elongation, 452.780 for ultimate tensile strength, and 409.484 MPa for shear stress, and 118.00 J for impact energy response. The overall desirability of the models developed to achieve the optimal solutions result is 78.41%. The results will serve as bases for mild steel companies and industrialization. The research will also serve as a decision-making system in engineering and industrialization.
Evento virtual interdisciplinar em universidade pública no Brasil: reflexões e saberes na temática HIV/AIDS
Authors: De Melo Silva Tiago , Guimarães Eduarda , Da Silva Teodoro Rangel Yara , Verginea da Costa Lopes Valentina , Da Silva Oliveira Livia , De Oliveira Marins Geani , Medeiros Menna Barreto Ana Paula , Raimundo Soares Lismeia , Thees Castro Silvia
Published: November 2022

Relata-se nesse texto a vivência de um evento virtual organizado pela integração de projetos do Centro Multidisciplinar UFRJ-Macaé, realizado em dezembro/2021, objetivando comemorar o “Dia da luta contra a AIDS”. Devido ao contexto pandêmico, o mesmo foi mediado por tecnologias digitais, planejado por estudantes e docentes dos Grupos de Extensão (APHETO e NUTDOC), contou com palestrantes de diversas áreas de atuação e instituições. No total foram 107 (100%) inscrições; 38 (35,5%) participaram da atividade na parte da manhã, com debates em mesa redonda e 39 (36,4%) na ação referente ao período da tarde, sob modalidade em roda de conversa. O formulário de avaliação foi respondido por 23 (21,4%) dos participantes, os quais registraram que o mesmo favoreceu a troca de saberes interdisciplinares na temática HIV/AIDS e afirmaram que participariam de edições futuras. Notou-se que tais eventos são formas dialógicas de ampliar conhecimentos ligados ao contexto do HIV.
Effect of Medication Optimization vs Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Among US Veterans With Chronic Low Back Pain Receiving Long-term Opioid Therapy
Authors: Bushey Michael A. , Slaven James E. , Outcalt Samantha D. , Kroenke Kurt , Kempf Carol , Froman Amanda , Sargent Christy , Baecher Brad , Zillich Alan J. , Damush Teresa M. , Saha Chandan , French Dustin D. , Bair Matthew J.
Published: November 2022

Importance

Medication management and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) are commonly used treatments for chronic low back pain (CLBP). However, little evidence is available comparing the effectiveness of these approaches.

Objective

To compare collaborative care medication optimization vs CBT on pain intensity, interference, and other pain-related outcomes.

Design, Setting, and Participants

The Care Management for the Effective Use of Opioids (CAMEO) trial was a 12-month, comparative effectiveness randomized clinical trial with blinded outcome assessment. Recruitment of veterans with CLBP prescribed long-term opioids occurred at 7 Veterans Affairs primary care clinics from September 1, 2011, to December 31, 2014, and follow-up was completed December 31, 2015. Analyses were based on intention to treat in all randomized participants and were performed from March 22, 2015, to November 1, 2021.

Interventions

Patients were randomized to receive either collaborative care with nurse care manager–delivered medication optimization (MED group) (n = 131) or psychologist-delivered CBT (CBT group) (n = 130) for 6 months, with check-in visits at 9 months and final outcome assessment at 12 months.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was change in Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) total score, a composite of the pain intensity and interference subscales at 6 (treatment completion) and 12 (follow-up completion) months. Scores on the BPI range from 0 to 10, with higher scores representing greater pain impact and a 30% improvement considered a clinically meaningful treatment response. Secondary outcomes included pain-related disability, pain catastrophizing, self-reported substance misuse, health-related quality of life, depression, and anxiety.

Results

A total of 261 patients (241 [92.3%] men; mean [SD] age, 57.9 [9.5] years) were randomized and included in the analysis. Baseline mean (SD) BPI scores in the MED and CBT groups were 6.45 (1.79) and 6.49 (1.67), respectively. Improvements in BPI scores were significantly greater in the MED group at 12 months (between-group difference, −0.54 [95% CI, −1.18 to −0.31]; P = .04) but not at 6 months (between-group difference, −0.46 [95% CI, −0.94 to 0.11]; P = .07). Secondary outcomes did not differ significantly between treatment groups.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this randomized clinical trial among US veterans with CLBP who were prescribed long-term opioid therapy, collaborative care medication optimization was modestly more effective than CBT in reducing pain impact during the 12-month study. However, this difference may not be clinically meaningful or generalize to nonveteran populations.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01236521
Sunglasses in the Eye Associated With Chronic Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
Authors: Li Yingan , Chen Yesheng , Cao Dan
Published: November 2022

This case report describes a patient aged 27 years who presented with retinal cystoid abnormalities resulting from chronic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment that gave the appearance of sunglasses in the eye.
Long-term Outcomes of Turbinate Surgery in Patients With Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Park Sang Chul , Kim Do Hyun , Jun Young Joon , Kim Soo Whan , Yang Hyeon-Jong , Yang Song-I , Kim Hyun Jung , Kim Dong-Kyu
Published: November 2022

Importance

Turbinate surgery is an effective treatment for allergic rhinitis (AR) refractory to medical treatment. However, the long-term outcomes of turbinate surgery are still unclear and have not yet been confirmed by a meta-analysis and systematic review of the literature.

Objective

To investigate the long-term outcomes and safety of turbinate surgery in AR by performing a meta-analysis.

Data Sources

MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched through April 2021.

Study Selection

Studies that analyzed turbinate surgery alone, had a follow-up period of more than 1 year, examined long-term efficacy of turbinate surgery, used current turbinate surgery methods, and were published in a peer-reviewed journal were included. Full-text reviews were performed by 2 independent reviewers. Conflicts were resolved by a third reviewer.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Descriptive and quantitative data were extracted; weighted mean difference (WMD) was synthesized under a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Q statistic and the I2 metric. This study was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The long-term outcomes of turbinate surgery on subjective nasal symptoms and objective parameters.

Results

Of the 3962 citations retrieved, 18 studies comprising 1411 patients were included. Findings showed significantly decreased symptom scores in nasal obstruction (WMD, 4.60, 95% CI, 3.43-5.76), rhinorrhea (WMD, 3.12; 95% CI, 1.97-4.28), sneezing (WMD, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.74-3.54), itching (WMD, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.20-2.30), and nasal resistance (WMD, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.08-0.24) and a significant increased total nasal volume (WMD, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.73-1.19). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of any complication. More than 1 year after surgery, the improvements in nasal obstruction (WMD, 5.18; 95% CI, 3.00-7.37), rhinorrhea (WMD, 3.57; 95% CI, 1.78-5.37), and sneezing (WMD, 2.95; 95% CI, 1.58-4.32) were maintained.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, turbinate surgery was associated with positive outcomes in AR and maintained the association during long-term follow-up. The rate of complications is also low. These findings can guide the preoperative counseling of patients with AR being considered for turbinate surgery.
Genetics of Dyslexia
Authors: Ling Qianyun , Bridges Elinor C , Luciano Michelle
Published: November 2022

Dyslexia is a common disorder of reading and spelling which can negatively affect the development and attainment of school‐aged children, with deficits emerging in early childhood and persisting into adulthood. The unstable definition of dyslexia poses challenges for identifying dyslexia and for research. Family studies show a familial aggregation of dyslexia, with twin studies estimating the heritability (the proportion of total variance due to genes) at around 40–60%. Genetic linkage and association methods focussing on high‐risk families led the way in genetic research aiming to localise chromosomal regions and candidate genes associated with dyslexia, although with mixed success. Genome‐wide association studies have recently made important genetic discoveries in dyslexia, revealing its polygenic nature and identifying genes and biological pathways, many of which were successfully replicated in independent samples. The potential to construct polygenic scores that predict the development of dyslexia may offer a new route for earlier and more refined diagnosis in future.

Key Concepts

Dyslexia is a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by a specific difficulty with reading and spelling.

Original classification of dyslexia based on a discrepancy between reading skills and general cognitive ability no longer applies.

Dyslexia tends to run in families with substantial familial transmission due to genes (40–80% of the population variance is genetic).

Early molecular studies of dyslexia focussed on families using linkage analysis to localise chromosomal regions of interest.

Candidate gene studies were mostly directed to linkage regions testing the association of variants within these regions.

Replication of linkage and candidate gene study results were inconsistent between studies.

Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) of dyslexia cases versus controls have now produced reliable findings.

In the largest GWAS, 42 independent single nucleotide polymorphisms were found with many replicated across different languages.

Genetic correlations between dyslexia and cognitive, socio‐educational and health traits were significant, particularly attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

A polygenic score constructed from the dyslexia GWAS results robustly predicts variation in reading and spelling skills.
Xenopus
as an Experimental Organism
Authors: Tadjuidje Emmanuel
Published: November 2022

The South African clawed frog,
Xenopus laevis
, is a popular model system to study development. It is easy to maintain a breeding frog colony, females can be spawned all year round and hundreds of synchronously growing embryos can be generated from a single fertilisation. Embryos are easily amenable to microsurgery at any stage of development and adults survive surgeries performed under limited aseptic conditions. The ease of injecting oligonucleotides or messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) into
Xenopus leavis
embryos has contributed to the discovery of genes with key functions in development. Another singularity of
Xenopus leavis
is the ease to manipulate its oocytes before fertilisation; this has been a powerful tool to identify the function of maternally deposited mRNAs in development. Over the past two decades, transgenic strategies have been developed using the related species
Xenopus tropicalis
and this is broadening the contribution of
Xenopus
to the understanding of early development.

Key Concepts

Xenopus laevis
is easy to raise and feed in large colonies in the lab, and commercial vendors can now supply frogs and embryos at all developmental stages for research.

The female
Xenopus
can be induced to spawn repeatedly at any season, making it possible to obtain embryos all year round.

Xenopus leavis'
eggs are large, they measure around 1.3 mm in diameter and are usually laid in large numbers that are fertilised
in vitro
.

The
Xenopus
embryos develop outside the female, its early development is very fast, making it possible to study a full developmental program in about 3 days, with the possibility to manipulate the embryos at any stage of development.

Xenopus leavis
oocytes can easily be obtained and manipulated before fertilisation, making it possible to study the function of maternally deposited mRNAs.

The mechanisms of tissue and body axis formation have been elucidated from research carried out in
Xenopus leavis
embryos, and a
Xenopus
toxicological test called FETAX has been recommended by scientists from the American Food and Drug Administration, for the teratogenic screening of new drugs candidates.

Gene editing techniques have been developed for
Xenopus,
making it an excellent model to mimic human mutations and study human diseases like cancers and congenital diseases.

The sequencing of the diploid genome, ease of obtaining and injecting large numbers of eggs and the relatively short lifespan makes
Xenopus
tropicalis a very powerful model for gene editing and transgenic studies of organogenesis.

Eggs of
Xenopus leavis
provide a model of choice for studying the regulation of the cell cycle.

A database called Xenbase is now available to the
Xenopus
research community; it contains usefully and regularly updated information on
Xenopus
research and resources.
Treat the “Untreatable” by a Photothermal Agent: Triggering Heat and Immunological Responses for Rabies Virus Inactivation
Authors: Bai Yujie , Huang Pei , Feng Na , Li Yuanyuan , Huang Jingbo , Jin Hongli , Zhang Mengyao , Sun Jingxuan , Li Nan , Zhang Haili , Xia Xianzhu , Tang Ben Zhong , Wang Hualei
Published: November 2022

Rabies is a fatal neurological zoonotic disease caused by the rabies virus (RABV), and the approved post‐exposure prophylaxis (PEP) procedure remains unavailable in areas with inadequate medical systems. Although strategies have been proposed for PEP and postinfection treatment (PIT), because of the complexity of the treatment procedures and the limited curative outcome, developing an effective treatment strategy remains a holy grail in rabies research. Herein, a facile approach is proposed involving photothermal therapy (PTT) and photothermally triggered immunological effects to realize effective PEP and PIT simultaneously. The designed photothermal agent (N+TT‐mCB nanoparticles) featured positively charged functional groups and high photo‐to‐heat efficiency, which are favorable for virus targeting and inactivation. The level of the virus at the site of infection in mice is significantly decreased upon treatment with orthotopic PTT, and the transfer of the virus to the brain is significantly inhibited. Furthermore, the survival ratio of the mice three days postinfection is increased by intracranial injection of N+TT‐mCB and laser irradiation. Overall, this work provides a platform for the effective treatment of RABV and opens a new avenue for future antiviral studies.
Neighborhood obesogenic environment and cardiometabolic risk in Brazilian children: The mediation role of the mother's body mass index
Authors: de Albuquerque Fernanda Martins , Pessoa Milene Cristine , Filgueiras Mariana De Santis , do Carmo Ariene Silva , Vegi Aline Siqueira Fogal , Ribeiro Andréia Queiroz , de Novaes Juliana Farias
Published: November 2022

Objective

We aimed to evaluate the association of neighborhood obesogenic and leptogenic environments with cardiometabolic risk clustering among Brazilian schoolchildren, mediated by child's ultra‐processed food consumption and the mother's body mass index (BMI).

Methods

A total of 367 children aged 8–9 years, enrolled in urban schools of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, were evaluated. Waist circumference, insulin resistance, blood pressure, high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol, and triglycerides concentrations were measured. The child's ultra‐processed food consumption assessment was performed by applying three 24‐hour dietary recall. The mother's weight and height values were used to calculate the BMI. The neighborhood income, walkability index, predominantly ultra‐processed food stores, public spaces for leisure, and/or physical activities, traffic accidents, crime, and green spaces densities were assessed in four hundred road network buffers around households. From neighborhood and cardiometabolic risk variables, four latent variables were obtained from confirmatory factor analysis: neighborhood “obesogenic”, and “leptogenic” environments; “high cardiometabolic risk,” and “low atherogenic risk”. A structural equation model was used to test the direct and indirect associations between neighborhood environment and cardiometabolic risk clusters.

Results

The neighborhood obesogenic environment had a significant total association (Standardized Coefficient = 0.172, p = .011) and was indirectly associated with the child's “high cardiometabolic risk” cluster, mediated by the mother's body mass index (Standardized Coefficient = 0.066, p = .049).

Conclusions

Our results reinforce the role of the urban environment on maternal obesity and child's cardiometabolic risk and provide evidence for public health policies aimed to prevent such conditions.