bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mimari Tasarım Stüdyosunun Karmaşık Sistem Kavramsal Çerçevesinde Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: LEKESİZ Gülbin , GÜRER Ethem
Published: September 2022

Mimari tasarım stüdyosu mimarlık eğitiminin önemli bir parçasıdır. Stüdyonun dinamik bir süreç olması, zengin etkileşim ağlarının var olması, çeşitli aktivitelerin birlikteliğinden oluşması gibi özellikleriyle bir karmaşık sistem gibi davranması çalışmanın hipotezini oluşturmaktadır. Karmaşık sistem araştırmaları pek çok disiplinde yeni bakış açıları yaratmıştır. Eğitim konusunda da yapılan çalışmalara literatürde rastlanmaktadır. Bununla birlikte mimari tasarım stüdyosunu karmaşık sistem perspektifinden incelemek çalışmanın literatüre özgün katkısıdır. Makale, stüdyoyu karmaşık sistem olarak ele alarak stüdyonun verimliliğini arttırmanın yollarını aramaktadır. Öğrenci ve yürütücü etkileşimlerini içeren pedagojik yaklaşımın doğası gereği bunu nicel araştırma yöntemleriyle değerlendirmek zordur. Bu yüzden, bu çalışmada etkileşimleri gözlemlemek ve değerlendirmek için en uygun yöntem nitel araştırma yaklaşımı olarak kabul edilmiştir. Çalışma öncelikle mimari tasarım stüdyosunu sistematik bir yaklaşımla incelemektedir. Ardından karmaşık sistemler ve karmaşıklık kavramı tartışılmıştır. Makalenin devamında mimarlık eğitimi ve mimari tasarım stüdyosunun karmaşık sistem perspektifinde değerlendirmesi literatür araştırması ve vaka analizi yöntemiyle sunulmaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında dört farklı ikinci sınıf mimari tasarım stüdyosu, etkileşimleri ve örgütlenmeleri bakımında vaka çalışması olarak incelenmiştir. Süreç boyunca gerçekleşen senaryolar makale kapsamında oluşturulan özgün bir dille üretilmiş diyagramlar aracılığıyla sunulmaktadır. Ardından tümevarım yöntemiyle bütünsel değerlendirmesi sunulmuştur. Son olarak ise tüm bulgular tartışmaya açılmaktadır. Yapılan araştırmalar ve gözlemler doğrultusunda karmaşık sistemlerle stüdyonun benzerlikleri açıklanmıştır. Mevcut durumun değerlendirmesinin yanında gelecek senaryoları sunulmaktadır. Gelecekte karmaşık sistem prensibinde bir stüdyo kurgulamanın gereksinimleri açıklanmaktadır. Karmaşık sistemlerin stüdyoya uyarlanabilecek davranışları sıralanmıştır. Bu davranışların uyarlanabilmesi için uygulanması gereken prensipler sunulmuştur. Böylece mimari tasarım stüdyosu için yeni bir pedagojik yaklaşım önerisi geliştirilmektedir.
A Decision Support Tool Proposal for Public Emergency Scenarios
Authors: GÖKÇEN Tuğçe , TORUS Belinda
Published: September 2022

Every day the world is facing a possible emergency or disaster scenario that affects the basis of ordinary life as we know such as natural disasters such as earthquakes or floods, or a vast viral epidemic that alters the way we live. Public emergency scenarios shift the way of living, and ramifications of ongoing or post-emergency issues related to extraordinary circumstances affect many aspects such as sustaining everyday life, welfare, health, economy, and more that require strategic planning and management. The impacts of such emergencies are so massive and extended in almost every aspect of human lives that it is impossible to overlook. Even with the wide range of possible emergency scenarios, there is a common challenge for all: accessibility. Extraordinary circumstances cause potential difficulties for access to facilities in any case and supplying facilities in a considerably short distance. An adequate number can be a matter of life and death. Tackling the issues caused by emergencies might be challenging because each entails unique contingency plans and managing operations. However, for all the emergency scenarios, one of the most crucial common matters is the accessibility to facilities. Coming up with a good comprehensive strategy that functions as a decision support system is crucial to eliminating human factors that may affect and delay response solutions for emergencies due to workload, complexity, and time management. The study aims to overcome the inadequate number of facilities during the time of crisis in the response phase to emergencies that may occur due to the accessibility of facilities. Through identifying critical considerations for sustainable life in emergency scenarios, this paper proposes an approach to assure welfare and a sustainable daily life even in extraordinary circumstances through proposing a decision support tool. This support tool can be used for any emergency scenario to strategically allocate indispensable temporary facility structures that can be accessible for all people at a minimum possible distance according to relevant emergency conditions' necessities. It generates to provide and allocate temporary facilities for unmet demand by considering population density in the response phase of emergency management. A case of a flood is issued to demonstrate a possible scenario. The final section discusses the proposed tool's contingency plan possibilities, constraints, and feasibility.
Role of industries in employment and economy of Nagpur City
Authors: Mishra Pl. Arundhatee
Published: September 2022

Nagpur city lies in the Nagpur district of the state of Maharashtra. It enjoys the status of being the second capital of Maharashtra and is located in the geo-graphical centre of India. It is the 13th largest city in India by population and according to an Oxford's Economics report, Nagpur is projected to be the fifth fastest growing city in the world from 2019 to 2035 with an average growth of 8.41% (Nagpur, n.d.) . It is also an administrative educational, commercial and cultural centre of Vidarbha region. This paper will be focusing on the existing economy condition of Nagpur City which includes employment in agricultural & non-agricultural activities.  Working population, density of workers and per capita income will be the major area of research in this study.
Reforma trabalhista brasileira e geração de empregos: experiências comparadas e evidências antes e durante a pandemia de covid-19
Authors: Beltramelli Neto Silvio , Outi Luíza Carvalho
Published: September 2022

O objetivo desta pesquisa é examinar se a Lei n.º 13.467/2017 (“Lei da Reforma Trabalhista”), após quase cinco anos de vigência, cumpriu a promessa de gerar empregos no Brasil. Para tanto, primeiramente serão apresentados os conteúdos e os impactos, no mercado de trabalho, das experiências de reformas legislativas similares na Espanha e no México. Em seguida serão sistematizados os principais dados econômicos e do mercado de trabalho que, juntos, desenham o perfil da empregabilidade brasileira pré-reforma. Após, serão descritas as principais alterações trazidas pela lei reformadora, ao que se seguirá a apresentação dos indicadores econômicos e de empregabilidade do Brasil posteriores à implementação da lei de reforma, considerando-se, por fim, as medidas legislativas adotadas por ocasião da crise sanitária e econômica provocada pela pandemia de covid-19. O estudo emprega as metodologias histórica, bibliográfica e estatística para demonstrar a impertinência da associação entre a Lei da Reforma Trabalhista brasileira e a criação de postos de trabalho, bem como do propósito de manutenção de emprego e renda com as medidas legislativas que aprofundam o ímpeto reformista.
O critério convencional como pressuposto teórico para a pesquisa em história do direito: o caso do ius commune
Authors: Gomes Júnior Francisco Tarcísio Rocha , Cabral Gustavo César Machado
Published: September 2022

O debate em teoria do direito é de extrema importância para a pesquisa em história do direito. O ius commune é um exemplo para demonstrar a relação saudável entre essas duas vertentes científicas. Sendo uma experiência jurídica medieval, o ius commune tem como característica principal a pluralidade de fontes. Como o modelo de direito dominante nos debates em teoria do direito é baseado no monismo estatal, ele é completamente inviável como instrumento teórico para uma pesquisa sobre o direito na Idade Média. O objetivo deste artigo é defender a insuficiência do modelo estatal como critério de identificação do direito na pesquisa histórica, indicar problemas nas propostas teóricas contemporâneas de direito, propor o critério convencional como alternativa para a pesquisa em história do direito e demonstrar a incapacidade do modelo tradicional em explicar o instituto da excomunhão no Manual de Confessores do teólogo medieval Martin de Azpilcueta Navarro, no contexto do ius commune. Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, é alcançada a conclusão de que o modelo convencional de direito proposto por Brian Z. Tamanaha é uma opção viável a explicar historicamente experiências jurídicas como o ius commune. O critério convencional se define, em poucas palavras, por considerar o que a população sob estudo considera convencionalmente como direito. Essa estrutura teórica é funcional porque é aberta o bastante para propiciar o estudo histórico do direito em diferentes perspectivas, sejam estatais ou não.
As famílias constitucionais
Authors: Fachin Luiz Edson
Published: September 2022

Palestra proferida pelo ministro do Supremo Tribunal Federal, Luiz Edson Fachin, em evento promovido pelos Núcleos Virada de Copérnico e de Direitos Humanos e Vulnerabilidades, pelo PPGD/UFPR e pela CAPES. Realizada de forma remota em dois de março de 2021, a partir das 09h00.
Image Defogging Algorithm Based on Deblurgan Network
Authors: Cheng Yuanyuan
Published: September 2022

The reduced visibility in foggy days impairs the quality of captured images and videos to varying degrees, leading to limited applications of these images in the field of computer vision. To solve this problem, direct recovery of fog-free images based on an improved Deblurgan network is proposed. We add the expanded convolution (Dialted Conv) module in the generator to expand the perceptual field to extract richer semantic information, and add the spatial attention mechanism module at specified locations to facilitate the elimination of residual fog; the discriminator uses the traditional PatchGAN for chunk determination to improve the discriminative accuracy; the loss function adds BCE loss to improve the discriminative accuracy of the discriminator and the pixel-level detail retention of the generator. In the synthetic fogged dataset RESIDE, the subjective visual comparison with dark channel, DehazeNet, AOD-Net, and defogging effect shows that the defogging effect of this network model and the detail information and color contrast of defogged images are improved; meanwhile, the objective evaluation indexes Peak Signalto Nise Rtioo a, PSNR and Structure Smilaritiy (SSIM) were also improved respectively.
Graph Convolution Network Recommender Rystem with Feature Embedding
Authors: Luo Zhengtian
Published: September 2022

Recommender system has become one of the most important parts of information services on the Internet today the model based on graph neural network has been proved to be a very effective method in collaborative filtering recommender system [1,15]. However, the recommender system based on graph network usually only uses the interactive relationship between users and items, and their feature information is often not used effectively. In this work, we combine the use of feature information with graph convolutional network to design a new recommendation algorithm, Graph Convolution Network recommender system with Feature Embedding, GCNFE. Tests on the Movie lens and Last-FM datasets show that the new model performs better than previous models in most cases.
Research on The Great Spirit of Building the Party in The Ideological and Political Teaching of Senior High School
Authors: Zhang Hongyu
Published: September 2022

The research on the great spirit of building the Party in the ideological and political teaching of high school has three value implications: conforming to the proposition of the era of the dream of building a powerful country, strengthening the attribute of moral education of ideological and political courses, and consolidating the development of the road of high school students to become talents.In actual classroom teaching activities should find foothold must analyze the point to build the teaching goal, clear development of teaching content, suit the medium point by three aspects of teaching methods, fully exert great founding spirit to build the value system of education function to enhance the knowledge and value leading effect, achieve the unity of theory and practice, the convergence of network and reality.
Applied in Organic Chemistry: Pre-service Teachers Training through Situational Simulation Teaching Method
Authors: Li Wanmei , Ouyang Yani , Xu Jun
Published: September 2022

Situational simulation teaching method (SST mentioned below) is a mature teaching method that has been applied. It has been widely used in foreign language, law, management, clinical and other fields, and has been proved to have good teaching effect. The quality of teachers is the key to improve the international competitiveness of China's education system. With the growth of China's population and the reform and development of education, the training of pre-service teachers has become a public concern. According to the existing research, most of the pre-service teachers have good academic and moral qualities, but there are still deficiencies in teaching ability, management ability and communication ability. .In view of this phenomenon, this paper puts forward a scheme of training chemistry pre-service teachers by using SST method through the way of organic chemistry teaching reform. The results show that SST method can improve students' learning quality and cultivate students' comprehensive abilities (including pre-service teachers' professional skills).
An Integrated Renewable Energy System for the Supply of Electricity and Hydrogen Energy for Road Transportation Which Minimizes Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Authors: Pramono Hadi Sasongko , Al Hasibi Rahmat Adiprasetya
Published: September 2022

Greenhouse gas emissions produced by the energy sector, including the transportation sector, are a problem that must be resolved. One way to solve this problem is to provide energy in the transportation sector in a sustainable way, by using renewable energy. An integrated renewable energy system has been implemented through an optimization model for the supply of electricity and hydrogen energy for road transportation. The proposed model is in the form of mixed-integer linear programming with two objective functions: planning costs and greenhouse gas emissions. The multi-objective model was solved using the linear weighted-sum method. In this article, three scenarios are developed, namely the business-as-usual scenario, the renewable energy scenario, and the renewable energy with energy storage system scenario. The business-as-usual scenario is used to analyze the supply of electricity and hydrogen by prioritizing the objective function of planning costs. The renewable energy scenario prioritizes the objective function of greenhouse gas emissions in the optimization calculation, but without an energy storage system. The optimization calculation with the renewable energy with energy storage system scenario prioritizes the objective function of greenhouse gas emissions by including the energy storage system. The proposed model in a multi-objective form is implemented in a case study of road transportation in the Province of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The results obtained indicate that the renewable energy with energy storage system scenario produces the lowest emission level of 56.55 Mt CO2 Equivalent, but with the highest planning cost of 192.13 x 109 Billion USD.
Energy system transformation for attainability of net zero emissions in Thailand
Authors: Limmeechokchai Bundit , Bahadur Pradhan Bijay , Chunark Puttipong , Chaichaloempreecha Achiraya , Rajbhandari Salony , Pita Piti
Published: September 2022

This study analyzed energy and technological implications in the energy sector to attain net zero emissions in Thailand by 2050. The study used AIM/Enduse, a bottom-up type energy system model, as an analytical tool. A business-as-usual and a net zero emission scenario are analyzed. Net zero emission scenarios are assessed in terms of net zero greenhouse gas emissions (NZE-GHG). Results show that the GHG emissions from the energy sector in the BAU would reach 635 MtCO2e in 2050. Decarbonization of the energy sector and transition towards net zero emission by 2050 in Thailand would require rapid deployment of renewable energy sources like solar, wind and biomass. In net zero scenario, installed capacity of solar PV and wind for power generation in 2050 would reach 64 GW and 40 GW, respectively. In addition, this study assesses the role of green hydrogen in achieving net zero target. The 200 GW solar capacity would be required to produce green hydrogen for decarbonizing the transport, industrial as well as power sector. The high carbon sequestration from LULUCF sector in Thailand will make it possible to reach net zero emission with carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technology in the energy sector. Additional bioenergy or CCS technologies will need to be deployed in the power sector if the renewables cannot be deployed to the desirable extent.
Analysis of Factors Influencing Postoperative Femoral Head Collapse in Patients With Ficat I, II, and III Stages of Aseptic Necrosis of the Femoral Head
Authors: Su Jingyang , Zhang Yaojie , Cao Bin , Li Xiao
Published: September 2022

Objective:

To investigate the factors influencing postoperative femoral head collapse (FHC) in patients with Ficat I, II, and III stages of aseptic necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH).

Methods:

Retrospective analysis of 178 patients with ANFH admitted to our hospital from October 2018 to October 2021 was studied, and patients were categorized into the FHC group and no FHC group according to whether FHC occurred after surgery. The influencing factors causing postoperative FHC were analyzed by univariate and multifactor logistic regression.

Results:

In the collapsed group, there were statistically significant differences in etiology, extent of necrosis, mechanism of injury, preoperative waiting time, Japanese Femoral Necrosis Research Society staging, distance from the tip of the tantalum rod to the center of necrosis, and Harris score after treatment (P < 0.05). The etiology, extent of necrosis, mechanism of injury, preoperative waiting time, Japanese Femoral Osteonecrosis Research Society classification, distance between the tantalum rod tip and the center of necrosis, and Harris score after treatment were set as independent variables, and postoperative FHC in patients with Ficat I, II, and III stages of ANFH was used as the dependent variable in the univariate logistic regression analysis.

Discussion:

Hormonal osteonecrosis of the femur, extent of necrosis, type C1 and type C2 in the Japanese Society for the Study of Femoral Osteonecrosis staging, and distance of the tip of the tantalum rod from the center of necrosis are risk factors for postoperative FHC in patients with Ficat I, II, and III stages of ANFH.
Studi Pemanfaatan Curah Hujan Bulanan Satelit GPM di Kawasan Bandung Raya dengan Validasi Silang Monte-Carlo
Authors: Sanjaya S , Yudianto Doddi , Adidarma Wanny , Fitriana Finna
Published: September 2022

Keterbatasan sebaran dan jumlah pos penakar hujan dapat diatasi pengukuran hujan berbasis satelit. Seiring perkembangan teknologi, pengukuran hujan berbasis satelit, seperti GPM menunjukkan akurasi dan cakupan yang semakin membaik. Tentunya penggunaan hujan satelit ini juga perlu disertai dengan proses validasi berupa koreksi yang semakin mampu meningkatkan performanya. Banyak studi evaluasi dan koreksi data satelit telah dilakukan, hanya ada studi terbatas yang telah dilakukan di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, studi ini bermaksud untuk mengevaluasi performa data hujan berbasis satelit (GPM IMERG) dan melakukan koreksi dengan metode validasi silang Monte-Carlo di Bandung Raya. Secara spesifik, studi ini menitikberatkan pada perbandingan antara data GPM dan pos hujan melalui analisis statistik untuk hujan bulanan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa, data GPM mampu mendeteksi pola hujan bulanan dengan baik. Data bulanan tersebut dikelompokkan berdasarkan musimnya dan menghasilkan korelasi hujan musim kering yang lebih baik pada musim basah. Koreksi dengan MCCV dengan simulasi 1.000 kali berdasarkan musim tersebut menunjukkan peningkatan performa rata-rata sebesar 70% untuk bias relatif, dan 30% untuk RMSE, di kawasan Bandung Raya.
Costs and benefits of investing in transformative care policy packages
Authors: Henau Jerome de ,   International Labour Organization. Conditions of Work and Equality Department.
Published: September 2022

This study examines the annual investment required for universal, collectively funded childcare and longterm care services, as well as adequate paid care leave and breastfeeding breaks to parents in 82 countries. Simulations of policy reforms show that extending paid leave and breastfeeding breaks to all employed parents (including those in informal employment) at an adequate level of pay would require about 0.3 per cent of GDP of annual investment by 2035. Extending universal childcare would require additional annual investment of 1.5 per cent of GDP by 2035 over and above current public spending of 0.3 per cent. For long-term care, the annual additional investment by 2035 would be 2.5 per cent of GDP, over and above current public spending of 0.6 per cent. Such care investments could also provide powerful economic stimulus, creating up to nearly 300 million jobs by 2035, and recouping some of the investment through increased tax revenue.
Growth-stage-sensitivity of four HYV rice cultivars to irrigation water salinity
Authors: Rahman Mohammad , Mojid Mohammad , Yasmine Fahmina , Ahmed Tanvir
Published: September 2022

Application of fresh water at the salinity-sensitive growth stage(s) and saline water of tolerable salinity level at the less sensitive stage(s) may be an effective irrigation technique for rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation in fresh water-scarce salt-affected areas. However, implementation of this technique requires adequate prior information on the sensitivity of growth stages of the rice cultivars to salinity of irrigation water. The objective of this study was therefore to identify the sensitivity of growth stages of Binadhan-8, Binadhan-10, BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan47 to salt stress by irrigating the crops with fresh water (control), and saline water of 6, 9 and 12 dS m1 at establishment, tillering, panicle formation, flowering, maturity and all growth stages of the crops. The experiment was laid out in a split-split pot arrangement following a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The establishment and flowering stages of the rice cultivars were found to be the most sensitive to salt stress. Therefore, irrigation at these growth stages with fresh water and at the other growth stages with saline water would be an appropriate strategy for cultivation of the tested rice cultivars in fresh water-scarce saline areas like the coastal saline region of Bangladesh.
Potential Use of Seaweed (Gracilaria Tenuistipitata Var. Liui) for Reduction of Enteric Methane Emissions from Crossbred Dairy Cattle in Bangladesh
Authors: Sarker Md , Anwar Md , Reefat Hasin , Islam Hasan , Alam Md , Haq Mujtaba
Published: September 2022

Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. Liui is a red seaweed, artificially cultivated in Nuniachara sea beach at Cox's Bazar, mostly utilized as a human diet and nutritional supplement in Bangladesh. It has certain industrial applications as well. To explore the diversified application of this seaweed in livestock feed industries to reduce enteric methane production from ruminant, a feeding trial was done at the Pranisheba R and D cattle farm, Savar, Dhaka. An ambient methane amount was measured with and without application of seaweed in concentrate feed by a sensor based IoT device of remote cowshed monitoring system. Other clinical parameters like feeding amount, body temperature, consistency of faeces was physically monitored. After proximate analysis, the composition of total crude protein, crude fiber and moisture of Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. Liui were 24.09%, 0.18%, 21.31%. The quantity of total energy was 2615 Kcal/kg. Addition of 1% seaweed to the cattle concentrated diet on a dry matter basis lowered the average ambient methane concentration from 48.30 ± 4.45 to 41.02 ± 3.41ppm, the differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). Average Body temperature, amount of daily feed intake and consistency of faeces remain unchanged. However, precise assessment of methane reduction potentiality requires a respiration chamber with an air control facility, but this observation might provide a first concept of this species as potential natural methane emissions reducer in Bangladesh.
Unilateral Cystic Teratoma of the Ovary in Children: A Case Report
Authors: Dewiyanti Lilia , Pramana Cipta , Akbar Muhammad , Sinta Felisitas , Laurensius Laurensius
Published: September 2022

Teratoma is a type of extracranial germ cell tumor that often occurs and correlates with age and anatomical location. Mature Cystic Teratoma (MCT) is the most common ovarian tumor in children and adolescents. The most common sites for teratomas are the sacrococcygeal region and the ovaries. Laparoscopy is by far the surgical treatment of choice for teratomas. We report a case of a 9-year-old girl with a chief complaint of left lower quadrant abdominal pain 1 week before hospital admission. The patient appears weak and has decreased appetite, accompanied by weight loss, and painful urination. Physical examination of abdominal distension (+), tenderness, and release in the left lower quadrant (+). The patient had not menstruated, and a history of vaginal discharge was denied. On MSCT-scan examination of the abdomen with contrast, a cystic mass was found that adhered to and pushed the surrounding bowel structures in the lower abdominal region. On histopathological examination taken from the left ovary preparation, a macroscopic examination found cyst tissue of 9.5 x 6.5 x 5 cm. The cyst is gray-black, filled with blood and a white pulp mass with hair. On microscopic examination found cysts with fibrous connective tissue stroma containing vascular. The treatment is in the form of laparoscopy and after surgery, currently, the patient is in good condition and will be followed up again every 3 months.
Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine induced lymphadenitis in infants and children masquerading with tubercular lymphadenitis at tertiary care hospital in North India
Authors: Johri Nidhi , Pandey Surabhi , Aswal Priyanka , Kumari Subhra , Lochab Priya , Walecha Prerna
Published: September 2022

Background: Bacille calmette–guerin (BCG) vaccine containing live-attenuated Mycobacterium bovis was first used in humans to prevent tuberculosis in 1921. It is a safe vaccine. However, there can be minor adverse reactions such as pain, swelling, and redness at local injection site. The lesser known severe adverse reactions such as lymphadenitis, BCG osteitis, and disseminated BCG infection can be present after BCG vaccination.

Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to report the cases of BCG lymphadenitis diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) after BCG vaccination in infants and children.

Materials and Methods: All the infants and children (1 month–2 years) who presented with regional lymphadenopathy for FNAC after BCG vaccination were included in the study.

Results: Total 21 patients with BCG lymphadenitis were recruited. In all the cases, the lymphadenitis involved ipsilateral left axillary lymph nodes. In three patient sites of involvement included the left supraclavicular lymph nodes and in other three patients left cervical lymph nodes along with left axillary lymph node. Sixteen patients had suppurative granulomatous lymphadenitis (SGLA) on FNAC and positive for Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) staining for acid fast bacilli (AFB), while rest nine had non-suppurative granulomatous lymphadenitis (NSGLA) with negative for ZN staining for AFB.

Conclusion: Early diagnosis of BCG lymphadenitis can help in proper management. Furthermore, it can prevent unnecessary anti tubercular treatment in children.
Analysis of COVID-19-related clinical trials registered in the Clinical Trial Registry of India in 2020: A descriptive study
Authors: Bhave Kiran , Thiyam Aashiana , Patel Tejal , Chavan Monisha , Desai Shashank
Published: September 2022

Background: COVID-19 caused immense morbidity and mortality worldwide and was declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020, by the World Health Organization. Lack of effective treatments directed researchers to various interventional strategies, such as development of new drugs or vaccines, drug repurposing models, and AYUSH formulations, for prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19.

Aim and Objectives: The information obtained from registered COVID-19 trials for the year 2020, will help to identify the various aspects for therapeutics and types of study designs used for achieving different objectives, so as to guide researchers for similar future projects.

Materials and Methods: A descriptive, observational study was conducted on COVID-19-related clinical trials registered in Clinical Trials Registry of India during calendar year 2020. The details were noted in a predesigned pro forma and evaluated.

Results: Of the 946 registered trials, majority were single center (82.76%), interventional (50.7%), randomized (73.1%), open-labeled (61.9%), and prospective in nature (96%). Our study revealed that 40.16% trials used modern medicine while 26.53% used AYUSH formulations. The psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic was studied in 121 trials, of which 118 trials showed negative impact on the mental well-being.

Conclusion: Our study provides thorough insight about the on-going research in our country, especially about various drug repurposing strategies and government supported AYUSH interventions. This may act as a foundation for future investigators to identify any lacunae in the current studies, helping them to diversify their objectives accordingly, so as to encourage quality research in our country.
Evaluation of adverse drug reactions in patients of schizophrenia in tertiary care teaching hospitals in Central India
Authors: Vishwe Akash , Bhalsinge Rahul , Goutam Pritesh , Barde Anita , Rajbhoj Satkar
Published: September 2022

Background: For decades, it has been observed that mental health is shrouded in stigma and discrimination. The scope, severity, and expense of impairment and costs to people, families, and societies are staggering. Mental illnesses are among the most frequent illnesses, affecting over a quarter of the population in any given year. According to national institute of mental health and neurosciences, Bangalore, the prevalence of schizophrenia has been considered as 4/1000 for all ages and both sexes.

Aim and Objectives: The objectives of this study were to as follows: (1) To evaluate adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in patients with schizophrenia who received antipsychotic treatment and (2) to compare ADRs in typical versus atypical antipsychotic agents in schizophrenic patients.

Materials and Methods: A total of 50 schizophrenic patients were enrolled for evaluating adverse effects to antipsychotic drugs. During the research, all ethical precautions were taken. All patients were followed up by medical history, history of drugs, and any severity of adverse drug reaction. Causality assessment was graded by Naranjo scale.

Result: Among all of the antipsychotic drugs, risperidone (05%), quetiapine (04%), and aripiprazole (04%) have shown lowest propensity to cause serious adverse event. These drugs are most commonly prescribed drugs and are least likely to affect quality of life of patient. However, the risk of extrapyramidal symptoms is lower with olanzapine (05%) than haloperidol (34%) and even in case with risperidone at higher dose (20%). Although atypical antipsychotics such as olanzapine (46%) have shown maximum potential to produce metabolic side effect such as dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia compared to that of other antipsychotics.

Conclusion: The most common adverse effects were found with typical and atypical antipsychotics such as weight gain, drowsiness, constipation, sedation, dyslipidemia, and hypotension.
Antibacterial activity of coffee extract against common human bacterial pathogens in a teaching hospital of semi urban setup
Authors: Dondapati Vijaya , Bandaru Sriushaswini , K Sagar , Bandaru Narasinga , Perala Balamurali , Voleti Archana , B Vidya , Devara Manasa
Published: September 2022

Background: Coffee has a stimulant nature for which it is consumed worldwide, especially in Indian subcontinent. It also contains various antioxidant and antibacterial properties and is good for health.

Aims and Objectives: This study done in tertiary care teaching hospital, aims to assess the antibacterial activity of coffee extract in surgical wound infections.

Materials and Methods: The antibacterial activity of coffee extract against pathogenic bacteria (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) isolated from the surgical wounds was tested.

Results: Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were found sensitive to the methanol coffee extract.

Conclusion: Our study revealed that coffee extract can be used in the future as a substitute antimicrobial for the treatment of pathogenic bacteria due to its wide antimicrobial activity and we suggest advanced study on coffee extract to explore the bioactive compounds accountable for the detected antimicrobial activity.
Pregnancy outcomes in COVID-19-infected pregnant women in a tertiary care hospital of Mysuru – A retrospective approach
Authors: Vupmandala Nivedita , Vijayashankar Uma , Arjunwadkar Priya
Published: September 2022

Background: The infection due to the COVID-19 virus has shown to cause diverse set of manifestations and effects in various people across the world. Pregnancy being a dynamic, physiological condition of the human body, nudges one to question what happens if a pregnant woman is infected with the COVID-19 virus? Hence, the study aims to probe this very question.

Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study was to study the effect of COVID-19 virus infection on pregnancy and its outcomes.

Materials and Methods: We did a retrospective review of medical records of 28 pregnant ladies who were admitted in the tertiary care hospital, Mysuru between March 2020 and February 2021. All 28 pregnant ladies were tested positive for severe acute coronavirus disease by use of quantitative RTPCR on samples obtained from nose and throat. The procedure was followed according to ICMR guidelines of collection of samples and reporting of COVID-19 infection. The clinical findings, laboratory findings, and the fetal and maternal outcomes of 28 pregnant ladies were obtained from medical record section of the institution. The reports were entered in excel sheet and subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 20.

Results: One out of 28 showed maternal death during COVID-19 pandemic. There was one case with abortion which was reported. Twenty out of 28 had normal deliveries and three women had LSCS. Neonatal outcomes seem to be within normal limits with no adverse complications as a consequence of COVID-19 maternal infection.

Conclusion: It is seen that COVID-19 infection behaves in a similar fashion to general population and that morbid states may trigger adversity in mother rather than the fetus. It is also noted that due to the effect of the chaos caused by the pandemic, documentation of the cases was incomplete. Transfer of cases depending on status of infection to other hospitals hindered the tracking of these cases. Discharge against medical advice was also observed due to panic of being in a hospital during an ongoing pandemic.
Sources of stress among undergraduate medical students – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Dhandapani Keerthana , Sadhasiva Bhavadeep , Reddy Ramya
Published: September 2022

Background: Stress is an inevitable and important part of being a student: It motivates and stimulates learning. However, intense stress can arouse feelings of fear, uselessness, anger, incompetence, and guilt.

Aims and Objectives: The study aimed to assess stress levels, sources, and its associated determinants and hence appropriate measures can be taken in tackling them at the earliest stage.

Materials and Methods: Before the study each subject was told about the purpose and nature of the study. They were also counseled about the maintenance of confidentiality, in addition to their informed consent. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was given to the undergraduate medical students of Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Murukambattu, Chittoor who were willing to participate in the study. The medical student stressor questionnaire was be used to assess the sources of stress.

Results: Highest stressors domain was dominated by Domain I: Academic related stressor. For 1st and 4th year students, large amount of content to be learnt had the highest score. For 3rd year students, falling behind in reading schedule is said to be the major stress factor. For 2nd year students the major stress was getting poor marks. Severe stress was present in 4 out of 6 domains for 3rd year MBBS students. When we compared the stress levels in female and male students, the stress levels of all six domains were more in females as compared to males and P value of 4 out of 6 domains were statistically significant.

Conclusion: Academic-related problems were the major stressors among medical students. Females had a significantly high level of stress. Year of study was the best predictor of a medical student’s stress level. The findings can help medical teachers understand more about stress among their students and guide the way to improvement in an academic context, which is important for student achievement.
Cryopreservation of HEP-G2 Cells Attached to Substrates: The Benefit of Sucrose and Trehalose in Combination with Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Authors: Myagmarjav Bumbat , Liu Baolin
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND: Cryopreservation of mammalian cells is mainly done in cryovials as free cell suspension in 5 to10% (v/v) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Relatively little attention has been paid to cryopreservation of adherent cell monolayers. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the appropriate
cryoprotectant (CPA) formulations for the cryopreservation on HEP-G2 human tumor cells attached to the polystyrene plate and plastic surfaces. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five CPA formulations were evaluated for the cryopreservation of HEP-G2 cells attached to polystyrene plates and and
plastic coverslips, using post-thaw cell viability as a performance indicator. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hep-G2 cells attached to the plastic coverslips and polystyrene plate surfaces were successfully cryopreserved in 10% DMSO with sucrose and trehalose. The addition of saccharides enabled
the reduction of DMSO concentration, replaced serum, and improved the functional capacity of post-thaw Hep-G2 cells. Cells attached to the plastic coverslips show significantly better results than those attached to the polystyrene plate surfaces after cryopreservation.
Main results of the "Telome Theory"
Authors: Zimmermann Walter
Published: September 2022

The telome theory as a representalive of the "New Morphology", i.e. as a phylogenetic theory, describes the historical phylogendic process. This process forms in the first period of development the "Urtelome" (Thalassiophyta, Rhyniaceae). In the second period these "Urtelome" change to the recent Kormophyta. Only a few elementary processes participate in this immense change. In the first period, beginning with the unicellular stage, five cytological elementary processes formed the "Urtelome" (TEXT-FIG. 3): (1) connection of cells, (2) differentiation of meristem = origin of polarity, (3) rotation of cell axis, (4) shifting of chief phases in alternation of generations and (5) differentiation of different permanent tissues. The exterior form changes accordingly from the state of "Urtelome" to the recent shoot through five elementary processes (TEXT-FIG. 8): (1) planation, (2) overtopping, (3) syngenesis, (4) reduction and (5) incurvation.

During these and other phylogenetic processes the exterior form does not change immediately, as does the genotype. Visible forms arise ontogenetically out of this changed genotype. According to the "Law of Recapitulation" the ontogenetically youngest stages relatively often recapitulate the phylogeny. In particular, the Palaeontology, if statistically applied, offers sure proofs for the change of single features in phylogeny ("Merkmalsphylogenie").
Williamsonia Santalensis sp. nov. - A male fructification from the Rajmahal series, with remarks on the structure of Ontheanthus Polyandra Ganju
Authors: Sitholey R.V. , Bose M.N.
Published: September 2022

W. santalensis sp. nov. is a male fructification from the Rajmahal series of the Upper Gondwanas. The material on which this species is based was discovered at Sakrigalighat in the Santal Parganas of Bihar. The fructification consists of a whorl of 20(?) microsporophylls coalescent towards the centre to form a shallow cup; the mode of attachment of the cup is not known. Each microsporophyll bears on its upper surface two rows of fingerlike appendages believed to be the spore-producing members. Inside each appendage there are two contiguous rows of small chambers. The spores are not preserved. The distal, sterile portion, of the microsporophyll shows an asymmetrical and obliquely twisted expansion of the lamina.

The present discovery has thrown light on the structure of Ontheanthus polyandra Ganju, described as a unique type differing from the Bennettitales in several important features. A comparison of W. santalensis and O. polyandra shows that the two flowers had a similar plan of construction, and that the supposed differences from the Bennettitales seen in the latter are based on a mistaken conception of its morphology.

W. santalensis and O. polyandra are kept separate for the present, but it is suggested that the discovery of more complete material in the future may make it possible to unite them under a common name.
Jurassic woods from the Rajmahal Hills, Bihar
Authors: Bhardwaj D.C.
Published: September 2022

Three new species of coniferous woods from the Jurassic of Rajmahal hills are described. These are referred to three different genera, viz. Mesembrioxylon, Cupressinoxylon (Taxodioxylon), and Dadoxylon (Araucarioxylon). Mesembrioxylon and Cupressinoxylon are reported from this area for the first time.
A male flower of the Pentoxyleae with remarks on the structure of the female cones of the group
Authors: Vishnu-Mittre
Published: September 2022

Under the name of Sahnia nipaniensis gen. et sp. nov. the author describes some specimens which he believes to be the male flowers of the Pentoxyleae. These were borne apically on dwarf shoots closely resembling those of Pentoxylon Sahnii Srivastava. The flower consists of filiform spirally branched microsporophylls, fused proximally to form a disc which surrounds a broad and conical receptacle. The unilocular sporangia are borne at the ends of short branches of the sporophylls. Pollen grains are monocolpate and boat-shaped. In young flower the microsporophylls are surrounded by a whorl of deciduous bracts.

The infructescence of Carnoconites laxum and several specimens (showing longitudinal section) of the infructescence of C. compactum have also been discovered. The infructescence of C. laxum differs from that of C. compactum in having much shorter pedicels and much longer female cones. The infructescence of C. compactum differs from the reconstruction made by Professor Sahni in the absence of bifurcation of the pedicels and in the arrangement of the cones.
On Sahnioxylon Rajmahalense, a new name for Homoxylon Rajmahalense Sahni, and S. Andrewsii, a new species of Sahnioxylon from Amrapara in the Rajmahal Hills, Bihar
Authors: Bose M.N. , Sah S.C.D.
Published: September 2022

The name Salmioxylon rajmahalense is here adopted for the petrified wood Homoxylon rajmahalense Sahni, as the generic name Homoxylon was already used by Hartig in 1848 for a different type of fossil wood belonging to the Abietineae.

Two recently collected large specimens of Sahnioxylon rajmahalense, throwing further light on the anatomy of the secondary wood, are briefly described. Diagnosis of the genus Sahnioxylon is given based on all the available information.

A new species of Sahnioxylon, S. Andrewsii, is described on the basis of a specimen from Kulkipara near Amrapara, in the Rajmahal Hills, Bihar. Comparisons of the species have been made with Sahnioxylon rajmahalense, Cycadeoidea, Raumeyia and Colymbetes.
Petrified spores and pollen grains from the Jurassic Rocks of Rajmahal Hills, Bihar
Authors: Vishnu-Mittre
Published: September 2022

Forty-six types of spores and pollen grains have been described from the Nipania chert. They are classified in accordance with the classification suggested by Pant. Pteridophytic spores, cycadophytic pollen grains and the winged grains of the conifers are more or less equally represented in the microflora. Among the pteridophytic spores are some types resembling the spores of modern Lycopodium, Selaginella, Cyatheaceae and Schizaea. Megaspores are also described for the first time from the Jurassic rocks of India. The winged pollen includes two, three, and four-winged grains. Some new groups and sub-groups have been proposed in the classification suggested by Pant.
Osmundites Sahnii sp. nov., a new species of petrified osmundaceous rhizomes from India
Authors: Vishnu-Mittre
Published: September 2022

The paper describes a petrified osmundaceous rhizome discovered from near Bmdrabun m the Jurassic of the Rajmahal Hills, Bihar.

The specimen made up of vertically growing leaf bases and roots, includes three stems in it. Each stem has a broad sclerenchymatous outer cortex, surrounding a narrow inner cortex. The stele consists of 50-70 individual strands arranged in a circle surrounding the sclerenchymatous pith. Most of the strands are continuous with one another. The medullary strands are absent. The C-shaped leaf traces are each enclosed in a sclerotid ring with several protoxylem groups. Several sclerenchymatous strands are found scattered in the pith of the trace as well as in the stipular wing. No sclerenchymatous tissue is noticed in contact with the stele of the leaf trace.

The specimen differs from the other Jurassic species of Osmundites in the distribution of sclerenchymatous strands in the leaf bases.
Studies on the fossil flora of Nipania (Rajmahal Series), India - Pentoxyleae
Authors: Vishnu-Mittre
Published: September 2022

The paper describes several new anatomical details regarding the vegetative remains of the Pentoxyleae.

In the genus Pentoxylon Srivastava stems possessing more (8-9) or less (3-4) than the usual number of the steles are described. Besides the scalariform pitting, bi-and multiseriate medullary rays-characters not known before-are also described. The genus has been diagnosed for the first time.

The apical region of a dwarf shoot of Pentoxylon sahnii is described.

The genus Nipaniophyllum Sahni is reinvestigated and consequently the diagnosis of both the genus and the species N. raoi Sahni emended. The stomata in the genus are shown to be non-bennettitalean in nature.

The stems of Nipanioxylon guptai Sriv. are described.

In the light of new information along with the previously known facts it is shown that the Pentoxyleae is not a synthetic group and belongs to the Cycadophyta. It is the most primitive group amongst the cycadophytes and should rank with the Benuettitales and the Cycadales.
Mesozoic floral succession of Nagato mountainland, western Japan
Authors: Takahasi Eitaro
Published: September 2022

Floral succession in Triassic and Jurassic formations of Nagato mountainland, western Japan were carried out by the author and determined the stratigraphical boundary between the horizons of Dictyophyllum Series and Onychiopsis Series of Oishi exists at some limited horizon between the uppermost of Higashi-Nagano formation and the middle of Nishi-Nakayama formation of the Toyora Group.