bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Characterization and Incremental Dynamics Calibration of the Heavy-Duty Industrial Robot: A Focus on Hydraulic Equilibrium Dynamics
Authors: Cheng Liang , Xu Xiaokang , Liang Wei , Li Jiangxiong , Ke Yinglin
Published: February 2024

In recent decades, industrial robots have emerged as pivotal contributors to the global manufacturing landscape, revolutionizing various sectors through increased automation and efficiency. Simultaneously, the application of heavy-duty robots in heavy industries is gradually increasing. In this study, a self-developed heavy-duty robot is utilized for automated fiber placement (AFP), with the layup equipment integrated at the robot's end effector, weighing over one ton. To ensure the precision and efficiency of AFP, particular attention is given to the dynamic performance of the robot. The heavy-duty robot is equipped with a hydraulic equilibrium system to alleviate the gravitational load on the joint motors of both the robot body and the end effector. The hydraulic equilibrium system consists of a bladder accumulator and a hydraulic cylinder, introducing complexity to the robot dynamics. Therefore, establishing a dynamic model of the robot system and obtaining accurate dynamic parameters serve as the foundation for precise control of the robot, enabling the full utilization of its dynamic capabilities. In this paper, dynamics modeling of the hydraulic equilibrium system is performed based on the Maxwell model, and its dynamic parameters are identified using the CARAM model. Subsequently, the multi-body dynamic model of the robot is established, and an incremental identification algorithm for dynamic parameters is devised based on the characteristics of the robot structure. Additionally, to accurately identify dynamic parameters, an analysis of the robot drive mechanism is conducted to obtain the equivalent reduction ratio of the joints and the lever arm of the hydraulic equilibrium system. Furthermore, an equivalent friction model for the robot joints and screws is established.
Effect of PM2.5 on Mortality, Tumor Recurrence, and Postoperative Complications in Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kosanpipat Bongkotmas , Wongwut Thanida , Norrasan Natthawat , Watthanawongsa Parada , Phinyo Phichayut , Saeteng Somcharoen , Siwachat Sophon , Chewaskulyong Busayamas , Tantraworasin Apichat
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to explore the impact of PM 2.5 exposure on survival, post-operative outcomes, and tumor recurrence in resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The study cohort comprised 587 patients at Chiang Mai University Hospital between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2017. Patients were categorized based on their residents' average PM 2.5 concentration into two groups: exposed (PM 2.5 ≥ 25 µg/m3 annual mean) and unexposed (PM 2.5 < 25 µg/m3 annual mean). The exposed group had 278 patients, while the unexposed group had 309 patients. Baseline differences in gender and surgical approach were observed between the groups. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that patients in the exposed group had a higher risk of death (HR 1.44, 95% CI, 1.08-1.89, p=0.012). However, no significant associations were found between PM 2.5 and post-operative pulmonary complications (RR 1.12, 95% CI, 0.60-2.11, p=0.718), in-hospital mortality (RR 1.98, 95% CI, 0.40-9.77, p=0.401), and tumor recurrence (HR 1.12, 95% CI, 0.82-1.51, p=0.483). In conclusion, a PM 2.5 concentration ≥ 25 µg/m3 annual mean was associated with decreased overall survival and a potential increase in in-hospital mortality among resectable NSCLC patients. Larger studies with extended follow-up periods are required to validate these findings.
Development of a new class of stable and adaptable free-standing fibre mats with high room-temperature hydroxide-ion conductivity
Authors: Szilagyi Petra , Herou Servann , Kasongo-Ntumba Pauline , Periasamy Arun , King James , Doszczeczko Szymon , Bushby Andrew , Sobrido Ana , Titirici Maria-Magdalena , McVea Molly
Published: February 2024

For alkaline anion-exchange membrane electrolysers and fuel cells to become a technological reality, hydroxide-ion (OH-) conducting membranes that are flexible, robust, affording high OH- conductivity, and synthesised in a low-cost and scalable way must be developed. In this paper, we engineer a stable, self-supporting, and flexible fibre mat using a low-cost ZIF-8 metal-organic framework composited with ionic liquid tetrabutylammonium hydroxide and widely used polyacrylonitrile as polymeric backbone. We obtain mats with a high intrinsic OH- conductivity for a metal-organic framework-based material already at room temperature, without added ion-conductor polymers. This approach will contribute to the development of low-cost and tuneable ion-conducting membranes.
Single- and dual-task gait parameters in determination of cerebral small vessel disease
Authors: He Xianghua , Huang Jinshan , Hu Caiyou , Liang Mei , Cheng Xuemin , Jiang Dongdong , Zhang Wei
Published: February 2024

Background and objective: Gait disorder is one of the primary symptoms of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and its potential diagnostic value was not known. We aimed to investigate the gait performance in CSVD and to determine the diagnostic value of gait parameters for CSVD under single-task and dual-task walking conditions.
Methods: We prospectively recruited consecutive patients with CSVD from January 1, 2022 to August 31, 2023. A total of 129 CSVD patients and 71 healthy controls were enrolled. Direct gait parameters in the patient group and the control group were compared under single-task and dual-task conditions, controlling for covariates. Gait parameters were compared between the two groups, using the receiver operating characteristic curve.
Results: Compared to controls, participants with CSVD had shorter stride length, slower stride speed, shorter cadence, longer stance time/phase, longer stride time, shorter swing phase, smaller average toe-off angle and smaller heel stride angle either in single-task walking test or in dual-task walking test (all P<0.05). Average heel strike angle could distinguish CSVD from healthy controls both in single-task (AUC = 0.858, P < 0.001, sensitivity, 83.1%; specificity, 76.7%) and dual-task walking tests (AUC = 0.865, P < 0.001, sensitivity, 91.5%; specificity, 70.5%) with moderate accuracy, independent of covariates.
Conclusion: Gait patterns changed in patients with CSVD. Our findings suggest that average heel strike angle was one of the most valuable gait parameters of altered gait in CSVD and that could serve as a diagnostic marker of CSVD.
Fixed-time stabilization of underactuated cart-pendulum system based on hierarchical sliding mode control method
Authors: Fan Lu , Zhang Ancai , Liang Xiao , Zhang Xinghui , Qiu Jianlong
Published: February 2024

A cart-pendulum system is a typical underactuated mechanical system with two degrees of freedom and one control input. The fixed-time stabilization control problem for this system is studied in this paper. A fixed-time hierarchical sliding mode control method is developed to solve this problem. Firstly, the system is divided into two subsystems. And two first-level sliding mode surfaces are designed for these two subsystems respectively. Secondly, a second-level sliding mode surface is constructed by linearly combining two first-level sliding mode surfaces. After that, a hierarchical sliding mode controller is designed based on the designed sliding mode surfaces. It enables the state variables of closed-loop control system to be stabilized at the origin within a fixed-time. This means that the settling time can be limited within a range and does not depend on the initial state value of the system. Finally, a numerical example is given to show the effectiveness of the developed control method.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Proximal Femoral Nail vs Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty for Femoral Neck Fracture
Authors: KUTLU Gamze , AKBULUT Yasemin
Published: February 2024

Background: Hip fractures are a serious public health problem with high rates of morbidity, mortality, disability and care costs. The aim of the research was to perform cost effectiveness analysis of hip fracture treatments using proximal femoral nail and bipolar hemiarthroplasty surgeries.
Methods: The analysis was completed based on the perspectives of the paying institution and patient. A decision tree model was used to determine whether proximal femoral nail or bipolar arthroplasty was most cost effective for the management of a femoral neck fracture in this patient population.
Results: The findings from the decision tree model suggested that ICERs for BHP were TRY 43,164.53 TL/QALY based on reimbursement and TRY 3,977.35 TL/QALY based on patient expenditures. Compared to the calculated threshold value of TRY 60.575 TL, we concluded BHP to be a cost-effective option. Moreover, all parameter changes yielded stable results on the one-way sensitivity analysis. When it comes to the probabilistic sensitivity analysis, BHP with specified threshold value was found to be cost-effective in all the comparisons. Currently available data the use of bipolar hemiarthroplasty as the more cost- effective treatment strategy in this specific population.
Conclusion: Overall, our findings showed HA as a cost-effective surgical technique at the calculated threshold in a population over 60 years of age. The impacts of HA on patients' quality of life and costs are remarkable.
Trace Elements in Industrial Buttermilk Effluent: An XRF Spectrometry Environmental Evaluation
Authors: MEGHZILI Batoul , Benyahia Férial Aziza , Bougherara hassina , sayoud siham , kebabi brahim
Published: February 2024

In Algeria, the disposal of over 300,000 liters of buttermilk daily by dairy industries into sewer systems, without a thorough analysis of its composition, presents significant environmental and economic challenges. This study seeks to rigorously assess and characterize the acid buttermilk produced by a leading dairy industry in Constantine, eastern Algeria, addressing the critical need for sustainable management practices in light of its high organic matter content.Buttermilk samples were procured from the foremost dairy farm in Constantine. The study employed standard laboratory methodologies to measure Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), pH, lactose, total nitrogen, nitrate, and nitrites. Mineral composition was analyzed via X-ray fluorescence spectrometry using OMNIAN software. Data analysis was conducted with Minitab 2018 to ensure statistical rigor.The analysis revealed high levels of BOD (312,110 ± 0.57 mg O2/L) and COD (90,351 ± 0.002 mg O2/L), indicating significant organic pollution potential. Nitrite and nitrate concentrations were recorded at 1.22 mg/L ± 1 and 0.0299 mg/L ± 0.0003, respectively, with total nitrogen at 0.467 ± 0.003. The pH was slightly acidic at 4.33 ± 0.125, and the temperature averaged at 15.66°C ± 0.75. Mineralogical analysis identified the presence of calcium, potassium, chloride, phosphorus, silicon, and magnesium, underscoring the environmental impact risk. This comprehensive assessment underscores the urgent need for effective buttermilk management strategies in Algerian dairy industries. Implementing sustainable practices is imperative to mitigate the environmental risks and enhance the economic viability of the sector.
Prevalence of Variations of Patterns of Cystic Artery and its’ Clinical Significance among Human Population: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Temesgen Tsegaab , Mulu Abay
Published: February 2024

Background
The cystic artery, typically branching off from the right hepatic artery is a crucial anatomical structure commonly identified and managed during traditional or laparoscopic cholecystectomy. There is a risk of bleeding from the cystic artery during surgery, as well as potential harm to nearby ducts in hepato-biliary procedures. Understanding the potential variations in the origin of the cystic artery and Calot's triangle, as well as its relationship with surrounding structures, can help prevent unintentional damage during hepato-biliary surgeries. This study aims to evaluate the overall prevalence of variations in the cystic artery and its clinical significance in the global human population
Methods
This review is carried out in accordance with the protocol of Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Condition, context and population framework approach was used. Articles were searched from PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, CINHAL, Web of Science and others. Data was clearly summarised and presented in tabular and narrative forms. In addition, meta–analyses were performed on methodologically comparable studies.
Results
Sixteen studies with a total of 1510 human cadaveric specimens were included for this systematic review and meta-analysis. The following anatomic variations were assessed: Variation of roots of origin, variation on numbers of vessels, variation of course, variation of branching pattern of cystic artery. The pooled global prevalence of the variation of roots of origin of cystic artery among human populations in these reviewed studies was 10.39 (95% CI: 7.09–13.69) and among the variant roots with their pooled prevalence include hepatic artery proper 2.99 (95% CI: 7.09–13.69), common hepatic artery 2.14 (1.22, 3.06), aberrant hepatic artery 3.22 (2.00, 4.45), gastro-duodenal artery 0.90 (0.16, 1.64) and superior mesenteric artery 4.14 (1.81, 6.48). The pooled prevalence of variation in numbers of vessels of cystic arteries was found to be 6.26 (95% CI: 3.56–8.97). The pooled prevalence of variation of course of cystic arteries which was identified to be outside Calot’s triangle was 31.42 (17.27, 45.57). The pooled prevalence of variation of branching pattern of cystic arteries was found to be 3.95 (0.60, 7.30). Our finding reported the pooled prevalence of cystic arteries continued as superficial branch is found to be 9.85 (2.29, 17.41) and those continued as a deep branch to be 2.6 (0.164, 5.3).
Conclusions and Recommendation:
This systematic review and meta-analysis is the first estimate of pooled prevalence of variation of patterns of cystic artery. Accordingly, the pooled global level prevalence of variant patterns of cystic artery is found to be considerable amount. A better understanding of anatomy of biliary apparatus and cystic artery can help decrease the surgical mortality in cholecystectomy.
Rare collision tumor in the sellar region - pituitary adenoma combined with craniopharyngioma and case review
Authors: xinkang shi , Jiaqi Li , Manxin Zhou , Tao Tang , feng ye
Published: February 2024

Collision tumors in the sellar region are very rare, mainly formed by the coexistence of two or more primary tumors from different tissue sources in the sellar region. Among them, the combination of pituitary adenoma and craniopharyngioma is particularly rare. This case describes a particularly rare case of coexistence of pituitary adenoma and craniopharyngioma in the sellar region. The case is a 59-year old female who was admitted due to a feeling of heaviness of the head for 6 + months. Brain MRI examination confirmed the presence of masses in the pituitary gland and pituitary stalk. The patient underwent total resection of intrasellar lesions via nasal transsphenoidal approach under neuroendoscopy, and postoperative pathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed non-functional pituitary adenoma. At 22 months after surgery, the patient came to the hospital due to "unclear left eye vision for 1 month". Upon reexamination, the pituitary stalk tumor significantly increased compared to before. She underwent a second surgery, which involved a microsurgical total resection of the pituitary stalk tumor through a hemispherical longitudinal fissure approach. Postoperative pathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of craniopharyngioma. Looking back at the diagnosis and treatment process of this case, it was found that pituitary adenoma and craniopharyngioma coexisted in the sellar region, which is a very rare case of collision tumor in the sellar region.
Stress Dynamics in Seoul's Social Mix Housing based on Housing Prices: Analyzing Discrimination and the Mitigating Role of Social Capital
Authors: Heun Kim Jea- , Sung Woo Ho- , Ja-Hoon Koo
Published: February 2024

This study explores the impact of discrimination experience on stress levels among Seoul’s public social mix housing complex residents, emphasizing the moderating role of social capital. Utilizing the 2019 Seoul public housing (PH) panel data and an ordered logit model, the research categorizes residents based on personal and environmental factors, contrasting them across different local housing price levels. Findings reveal that while discrimination experience does not significantly impact stress, local housing prices positively correlate with stress. Interestingly, discrimination-induced stress is pronounced in high-priced areas linked to property inequality. Conversely, in lower-priced areas, this influence is less significant. Importantly, social capital demonstrates a significant moderating effect, mitigating stress across all residents. These results underscore the need for policy interventions that enhance social capital and address socioeconomic disparities in PH, highlighting the nuanced relationship between local housing prices, discrimination, and stress in urban communities.
Disease screening using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Fuster-Palà Auba , Luna-Perejón Francisco , Domínguez-Morales Manuel
Published: February 2024

This work presents a disease detection classifier based on symptoms encoded by their severity. This model is presented as part of the solution to the saturation of the healthcare system, aiding in the initial screening stage. An open-source dataset was used, which underwent pre-processing and served as the data source to train and test various machine learning models, including SVM, Random Forests, KNN, and ANNs. A 3-phase optimization process is developed to obtain the best classifier: first, the dataset is pre-processed; secondly, a grid search is performed with several hypermarameters variations to each classifier; and, finally, the best models obtained are subjected to an additional filtering processes. The best-results model, selected based on the performance and the execution time, is a KNN with 2 neighbors, which achieves an accuracy and F1 score of over 98\%. These results demonstrate the effectiveness and improvement of the evaluated models compared to previous studies, particularly in terms of accuracy. Although the ANN model has a longer execution time compared to KNN, it is retained in the work due to its potential to handle more complex datasets in a real clinical context.
Surviving the Inferno in Hopes of Reuniting with Family": Coping Strategies among Civilian Abductees Released from Captivity in Gaza
Authors: Levkovich Inbar , Elyoseph Zohar , Shinan-Altman Shiri
Published: February 2024

Background: The trauma of captivity manifests in a wide range of psychological and physical symptoms. Not many studies have examined civilian captivity. The aim of the research is to understand the dynamics of individuals who were liberated from captivity, focusing on the coping mechanisms.
Methods: This qualitative research study examined the coping resources of civilian abductees through thematic analysis of the testimonies of 33 Israeli civilians aged 18-85 who were abducted by Hamas on October 7, 2023, as reported in Israeli online news sources. Most of the abductees were women (96.7%) who had been in captivity from 48 to 55 days.
Results: The research reveals that they utilized personal coping strategies to endure the harsh conditions of their captivity, such as maintaining hope by thinking of their families, adhering to routines, engaging in physical activities, and using their imagination to assert control and distract themselves from their dire situation. Some actively avoided intense negative emotions to prevent mental breakdown amidst continuous trauma. They also utilized interpersonal coping strategies by forming strong interpersonal bonds, which played a crucial role in their resilience and coping and fostered a sense of belonging. The captives provided each other vital emotional support and shared their resources with children, thus enhancing group solidarity and survival strategies. Additionally, they cultivated reciprocal relationships with their captors as a strategy for mitigating the severity of their captivity. This research highlights the coping resources utilized by captives despite the challenging circumstances of their captivity.
Conclusions: The study’s findings suggest that released hostages should be provided immediate psychological treatment upon their return to help them integrate narratives of strength and resilience into their complex stories.Top of Form
True random number generators with flicker noise: stochastic model, min-entropy calculation and online test
Authors: Zitko Rok
Published: February 2024

Flicker (pink, 1/\(f\)) noise is ubiquitous in all electronic devices, including in oscillator circuits used in true random number generators (TRNGs) based on jitter. Flicker noise produces strong serial correlations with very slow decay in time. We present a stochastic model for counter-mode TRNGs that takes the effects of such time correlations into account. Key parameters in the model are the spectral strengths of the pink and white noise components, as well as the low-frequency cutoff for the flicker noise spectrum. The random bits are defined as the least significant bit of consecutive integer-valued count numbers. We present the dependence of autocorrelations and min-entropy of generated random bits on model parameters. The autocorrelation between the bits is suppressed by increasing the strength of either pink or white noise, but it remains long-ranged (power-law decay). The power-law exponent depends linearly on the strength of pink noise, while the prefactor depends exponentially on both strengths. We determine the min-entropy per bit from a careful analysis of long-time sequences. It approaches the value of 1 approximately as a stretched exponential function of the flicker noise strength: highly entropic random bit generators can thus be designed even in the presence of strong flicker noise. We also propose an effective and efficient online health test for generators of this type.
Blood Pressure as a Key Mediator in the Link Between Type 2 Diabetes and Heart Failure: Insights from Mendelian Randomization
Authors: Yan Zian , Fu Shuangqing , Zhang Jinhui , Chen Jingjing , Guo Lijun , Liu Yicheng , Huang Pingping , Mao Yiyi , Bai Ruina , Ma Xiaochang
Published: February 2024

Background
Despite substantial research investigating the relationship between Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and Heart Failure (HF), the specifics and dynamics of this correlation remain a subject of debate. This study seeks to elucidate the genetic determinants underlying the causal relationship between T2D and HF.
Methods
Genetic analyses were performed utilizing summary statistics derived from recent, extensive Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWASs), focusing on T2D, HF and various mediators. Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) analysis and both univariable and multivariable Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses were employed to assess the causal relationships among these conditions. The primary approach for MR analysis was the inverse-variance weighted method.
Results
LDSC analysis identified a significant genetic correlation between T2D and HF. Univariable MR analyses demonstrated that genetically inferred T2D was causally linked to an increased risk of both HF and chronic heart failure (CHF). Reverse MR analysis indicated a potential genetic causal relationship from CHF to T2D. However, no significant genetic causal relationships were detected between glycemic traits in non-diabetic population and HF. When adjusting for body mass index, waist-hip ratio (WHR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and coronary artery disease in multivariate MR, the association between T2D and HF was vanished, particularly for SBP, and likely for WHR. The MR findings relating to T2D and left ventricular function traits further reinforced this evidence.
Conclusions
Our research suggests that SBP is likely a primary mediator in the relationship between T2D and HF, with the influence of WHR on this association also meriting closer examination. Effective management of blood pressure in patients with T2D, dependent of glucose level control, is crucial for reducing the risk of heart failure complication. Moderate weight control strategies targeting WHR may possess certain significance.
The Speed Prediction Research of Peak Particle Vibration Velocity in Underwater Blasting Based on GWO-SVR
Authors: Sun Juntao , Huang Jingzhu , He Zhiwei , Wang Jiahe , Zhan Dawei , Zhu Qingxiong
Published: February 2024

The blasting vibration produced in the blasting process of underwater engineering brings serious damage to the surrounding environment. Predicting blasting peak particle velocity (PPV) is one of the effective ways to alleviate the problem. To further improve the prediction accuracy of blast PPV, the grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm is used in this paper to optimize the penalty factor and radial basis kernel function parameters of support vector regression (SVR) model iteratively, and a blasting PPV prediction model was established. Taking the Dajin Island water intake open channel of the Phase 1 project of Guangdong Taishan Nuclear Power Station as the engineering background, according to the relevant parameters of blasting vibration recorded in 30 blasting tests, taking into account blasting design parameters and geological conditions, a database consisting of 12 inputs (hole length (HL), spacing (S), row spacing (Rs), burden (B), stemming length (ls), the distance of blasting center (Bd), height differential elevation (Hde), seawater pressure (Ps), powder factor (PF), maximum charge of single hole (Qsmax), maximum charge per delay (Qmax) and total charge (Qtot) and 1 output (PPV)) was established. Then, the grey wolf optimization-support vector regression (GWO-SVR) model, double-layer neural network, medium decision tree, and empirical SVR model are used to establish a prediction model for the PPV in underwater blasting respectively, and the prediction results are compared and analyzed. The results are as follows: the actual value - predicted value diagram and residual comparison show that the prediction effect of PPV based on the double layer neural network model is the worst in underwater blasting. The comparison of regression evaluation indexes shows that GWO-SVR is the best method for predicting PPV in underwater blasting; its R2 is 0.9285, RMSE is 0.21424, MSE is 0.0459 and MAE is 0.1625. The research results can provide a theoretical reference for the construction of similar underwater blasting projects, and provide a scientific basis for delineating a reasonable safety warning range for similar underwater blasting projects.
Geospatial Analysis of Landslide Susceptibility in Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir: A Multi- Criteria Decision-Making Approach
Authors: Bose Mahalingam , Behera Indrakant
Published: February 2024

Landslides poses serious threat to human and environment which involves sliding of rock, soil and debris down a hill. Creating a landslide susceptibility map is crucial for prevention, prediction and mitigation of these disasters. Pulwama district of Jammu & Kashmir faces significant risks due to its rugged topography, intense rainfall, and various anthropogenic activities. This study employs Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) and Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP), in Geographic Information System (GIS) to identify landslide susceptibility zones in Pulwama, Jammu & Kashmir. Ten factors such as elevation, slope, lithology, rainfall, soil, geology, geomorphology, and distance from lineament, streams, and vegetation cover are evaluated through pairwise comparisons using AHP. Weighted Overlay Analysis (WOA), a spatial analysis method has been applied in ArcGIS Pro to determine weights and is validated by consistency ratio calculation. This study identifies three zones: low, moderate, and high, with approximately one-quarter of the area primarily in northern & north-eastern parts being highly susceptible. Implementing strict mitigation measures, proper land use regulation, slope stabilization techniques, and afforestation is crucial to reduce the impact of landslides.
Static Reflective Surfaces for Improved Terahertz Coverage
Authors: Le Thanh , Singh Suresh
Published: February 2024

LoS (Line of Sight) MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) is considered the best way to deliver high capacity channels for terahertz communications due to the severe attenuation suffered by reflected components. Unfortunately, terahertz links are easily blocked by any obstruction resulting in link breakage. Therefore, it is necessary to provide alternative paths via reflectors. A problem shared by LoS paths and reflected paths (via polished reflectors) is that the channel matrix is rank 1 in the far-field. As a result, the achieved capacity is lower than what can theoretically be achieved in a rich multi-path environment. In this work, we simultaneously solve the channel rank problem and the coverage problem by using static reflective surfaces which provide limited scattering of the incident signal in a way that minimizes signal loss but provides multiple paths to the receiver with varying phase. We construct such a surface and characterize the received signal using a terahertz testbed. We show that using our surface, we can improve channel capacity for 2x2 LoS MIMO. We also develop a theoretical model for the received signal and show that the reflected capacity matches the measured capacity well.
Prediction Models of Cardiac Sparing during Deep Inspiration Breath-Hold in Left-sided Breast Cancer with Internal Mammary Node Irradiation
Authors: Sun Xiang-Lu , Zhang Yan-Qun , Wu Huan , Deng Hu , Sun Nan , Wu Xian-Xiang , Zhang Lei , Han Yang , Jiang Hao , Zhou Yong-Chun
Published: February 2024

Purpose To evaluate the cardiac dosimetric advantages of deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) in postoperative left-sided breast cancer patients undergoing internal mammary node irradiation (IMNI) and construct prediction models using factors influenced cardiac sparing through DIBH. Methods Forty-five postoperative left-sided breast cancer patients receiving IMNI were collected in this study continuously, and 2 simulated computed tomography (CT) scans were performed in the free breathing (FB) and DIBH. Anatomical parameters were measured based on the FB planning CT scans. Dosimetric parameters were then compared between DIBH and FB, and predictors of cardiac sparing during DIBH were analyzed. Results Compared to FB, DIBH reduced the dose parameters of Dmean, Dmax, and V5-V30for the heart and left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) significantly (P < 0.05). Breast volume (BV), age and parasagittal cardiac contact distances (FB-CCDps) were related to mean heart dose reduction independently (P < 0.05), while initial LAD-to-manubrium distance (FB-LMD), BV, and age were identified as independent predictors of mean LAD dose reduction (P < 0.05). Mathematical prediction models were developed to predict cardiac sparing. Conclusions DIBH could effectively reduce the radiation dose for both of heart and LAD in postoperative left-sided breast cancer patients undergoing IMNI. The mathematical prediction models using BV, age, FB-LMD and FB-CCDps may help identify patients most likely to benefit from DIBH.
A new concept of the aortic artery bioprosthesis
Authors: Patralski Krzysztof
Published: February 2024

Background The aim of the analysis is to develop design principles for a new material having properties similar to those of the natural aortic artery. This involves replacing the complex structure of the aortic wall with a new material with a layer-composite structure having the same strength and hemodynamic properties. The structure of the material used to construct the new aortic prosthesis consists of three layers. Inner layer contains important fibers arranged in two orthogonal directions: circumferential and axial. The fibers are embedded in a liquid matrix, which, due to the characteristics and properties of liquids, does not degrade or change its properties in contact with the moving fiber. The finite element method was used to develop the strength properties of the new material. Constitutive equations were defined to relate the state of stress and the state of strain in the material during its work. In the circumferential direction, the Young’s modulus was 790 kPa, and the fiber shape factor was 0.056. In the axial direction, the Young’s modulus was 440 kPa, the fiber shape factor was 0.067. The paper presents the process of optimizing the material model of a new bioprosthesis, which mechanically imitates the natural material of the aorta. A simple fiber structure was immersed in a liquid matrix and described using basic material parameters. This approach allows to obtain a material with non-linear characteristics and high compliance, not seen in previous prostheses made of Dacron.
Early-onset ovarian cancer: a comprehensive analysis
Authors: Horackova Klara , Zemankova Petra , Nehasil Petr , Vocka Michal , Hovhannisyan Milena , Matejkova Katerina , Janatova Marketa , Cerna Marta , Kleiblova Petra , Jelinkova Sandra , Stastna Barbora , Just Pavel , Dolezalova Tatana , Nemcova Barbora , Urbanova Marketa , Koudova Monika , Hazova Jana , Machackova Eva , Foretova Lenka , Stranecky Viktor , Zikan Michal , Kleibl Zdenek , Soukupova Jana
Published: February 2024

The subset of ovarian cancer (OC) diagnosed ≤ 30yo represents a distinct subgroup exhibiting disparities from late-onset OC in many aspects, including indefinite germline cancer predisposition. We performed DNA/RNA whole exome sequencing together with human leukocyte antigen(HLA) typing, polygenic risk score(PRS) assessment and survival analysis in 123 early-onset OC patients compared to histology/stage-matched late-onset and unselected OC patients, and population-matched controls. Only 6/123(4.9%) early-onset OC patients carried a germline pathogenic variant(GPV) in high-penetrance OC predisposition genes, including a single carrier of GPV in BRCA1 and BRCA2 each. Nevertheless, our comprehensive germline analysis of early-onset OC patients revealed two divergent trajectories of potential germline susceptibility. Firstly, overrepresentation analysis highlighted a connection to breast cancer(BC) that was supported by the enrichment of GPV in CHEK2 in early-onset OC(p = 1.2×10− 4), and the presumably BC-specific PRS313, which successfully stratified early-onset OC from controls(p = 0.03). The second avenue pointed towards the impaired immune response, indicated by GPV in LY75-CD302(p = 8.3×10− 4) and coupled with diminished HLA diversity compared with controls(p = 3×10− 7). Furthermore, we found a significantly higher GPV burden in early-onset OC patients compared to controls(p = 3.8×10− 4). We observed survival advantage in early-onset OC patients compared with both age-unselected and histology/stage-matched late-onset OC patients lacking gBRCA1/2. The genetic predisposition to early-onset OC appears to be a heterogeneous and complex process that goes beyond the traditional Mendelian monogenic understanding of hereditary cancer predisposition, with a significant role of the immune system. We speculate that rather a cumulative GPV burden than specific GPV may potentially increase OC risk, concomitantly with reduced HLA diversity.
A Balanced Clustering Mechanism for Routing in Software Defined Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Kontagora Nuhu Bello , Muazu Muhammed Bashir , Bello-Salau Habeeb , Adewale Adedokun Emmanuel , Aliyu Ibrahim , Abdulrazaq Muhammed Bashir , Kim Jinsul
Published: February 2024

In conserving energy during routing in Wireless Sensor networks (WSN), Software Define Networking (SDN) was integrated into WSN and referred to as Software Defined Wireless Sensor Network (SDWSN). This is to exclude sensor nodes from routing decisions. Thus, enabling the SDN controller to handle hierarchical routing decisions. The existing WSN hierarchical routing protocols are not adequate for SDWSN due to their unbalanced characteristics in clustering and cluster head selection. In this regard, a Balanced Machine Learning-based Clustering (B-MLC) algorithm is proposed and compared with two closely related hierarchical algorithms (LEACH and FCM) for routing. The outcome indicated that, the B-MLC algorithm maintained a low average packet loss and is efficient in network lifetime elongation, with an average improvement of 60.4% and 89.8% respectively, over LEACH and FCM. Hence, the B-MLC can be adopted in SDWSN for complex monitoring applications.
Efficacy of rituximab and risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with childhood-onset refractory steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome: a multicenter study
Authors: Yokota Shunsuke , Kamei Koichi , Fujinaga Shuichiro , Hamada Riku , Inaba Aya , Nishi Kentaro , Sato Mai , Ogura Masao , Sakuraya Koji , Ito Shuichi
Published: February 2024

Background
The efficacy of rituximab in refractory steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is controversial. We previously reported that rituximab in combination with methylprednisolone pulse therapy (MPT) and immunosuppressants was associated with favorable outcomes. We determined risk factors for poor response following rituximab treatment, which remains unknown.
Methods
This retrospective study included 45 patients with childhood-onset refractory SRNS treated with rituximab treatment across four pediatric kidney facilities. Treatment effects were categorized as complete remission (CR), partial remission (PR), and no remission (NR) at one year after rituximab treatment. Risk factors for poor response (non-CR) were calculated with multivariate logistic regression. Adverse events and the relationship between disease status at one year and long-term prognosis were evaluated.
Results
The rates of CR, PR, and NR at one year were 69%, 24%, and 7%, respectively. The median time from rituximab administration to CR was 90 days. In multivariate analysis, significant risk factors for poor response were the pathologic finding of focal segmental glomerular sclerosis and a long interval between SRNS diagnosis and rituximab administration. The rates of CR were 90.3% and 21.4% in patients receiving rituximab within and after 6 months following SRNS diagnosis, respectively (p < 0.001). Five patients developed chronic kidney disease stage G5, including 2 of the 11 patients with PR and all 3 patients with NR, whereas none of the 31 patients with CR developed chronic kidney disease stage G5.
Conclusions
Early administration of rituximab in combination with MPT and immunosuppressants might achieve favorable outcomes in patients with refractory SRNS.
The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) and Time Spent Helping and Caring for Adults
Authors: Strauss Anna Wiersma
Published: February 2024

This is the first study to examine the effect of the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) on unpaid caregiving for adults, which could operate through the credit’s effects on labor supply and household income. Using a sample of unmarried mothers and data from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS), I employ a simulated instrument approach to generate causal estimates of the effect of EITC generosity on time use. I find that increases in average EITC benefits have differential effects on caregiving by recipient age. No effect is estimated for the youngest group of unmarried mothers (ages 25–34), who increase employment without reducing time spent assisting adults. In contrast, the oldest group of unmarried mothers (ages 45–54) responds by increasing their propensity to help their parents while maintaining their labor supply. Unmarried mothers aged 35–44 both increase their labor supply and spend more time caregiving for adult family members on the intensive margin, even as they are less likely to assist parents on the extensive margin, especially with chore help. Results for other types of time use (home production, leisure, childcare, education, sleep), as well as probability of multigenerational co-residence, help explain these shifts. For example, for the oldest group of unmarried mothers, increased co-residence with one’s aging parents is estimated to occur and may facilitate this labor-caregiving balance. These results add to a growing body of evidence that the EITC affects recipients’ time allocation beyond paid work and that the effects of the EITC span across generations and households.
Prognostic significance of 68Ga-FAPI-PET/CT in patients with bone metastases in various cancers
Authors: ARAK HACI , Elboga Umut , Cayırlı Yusuf Burak , Aytekin Aydın
Published: February 2024

Objective:This study aimed to compare and18FDGPET/CT in patients who develop bone metastases due to various cancers and to investigate the prognostic significance of the 68FAPI-PET/CT SUVmax value for survival.
Methods:Patients with bone metastases who underwent both 68Ga-FAPI PET/CTand18FDGPET/CT within a 1-week period were included in this retrospective study. The effect of the SUVmax value of bone lesions on overall survival was analyzed.
Results:A total of 75 eligible patients with 139 bone lesions were included in this study. The median age of the patients was 55(30–83) and 48 patients (64%) were newly diagnosed. The primary lesion median 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT SUVmax value was higher than the median 18FDGPET/CT SUVmax (10.75 versus 6.7). Bone lesions 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT SUVmax median(IQR) were 7.8(4.6–13.2), and 18FDGPET/CT SUVmax of bone lesions were 5.9(3.8–8.2). More bone lesions were detected on 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT than on 18FDGPET/CT(median IQR 4 [1–9] versus 2 [1–6](p=0.014). The extra lesions observed on 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT were mostly sclerotic bone lesions(p = 0.001).68Ga-FAPI PET/CT SUVmax was significantly higher in vertebra and thorax lesions(p=0.011 and p=0.018, respectively). While the bone lesion 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT SUVmax affected the OS, the 18FDGPET/CT SUVmax value did not affect the OS (p<0.001 and p=0.079, respectively). In ROC analysis, a cut-off value of 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT SUVmax >7.7 was found for OS(AUC:0.619). The median OS in the group above the cut-off value was worse than that in the group below the cut-off value (32 versus 45) months (p=0.002). In the multivariate analysis for OS, the 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT SUVmax of bone lesions was an important parameter,as well as cancer subtype, ALP level, and disease occurrence.
Conclusions:68Ga-FAPI PET/CT detected more bone lesions and higher SUVmax values than 18FDGPET/CT in various cancers. The prognostic value of the SUVmax value of 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT bone lesions was observed regardless of disease subtype.
Auricular acupressure to improve Oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy and quality of life: protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chang Tsui-Ju , Yeh Mei-Ling , Yeh Albert Lou , Kuo Ashley Lee
Published: February 2024

Purpose
Oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN) is a common adverse effect that worsens with increased drug accumulation, affecting patients’ daily activities and quality of life. This study will evaluate the immediate and carry-over effects of auricular acupressure on chronic (OIPN) symptoms, OIPN pain, and quality of life in patients with colorectal cancer.
Methods
This randomized controlled trial will recruit 76 participants with OIPN. The experimental group will receive auricular acupressure for eight weeks, while the control group will receive standard care. The outcomes will be assessed using an OIPN assessment tool, the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory, a pain visual analogue scale, and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire. Data will be collected before the intervention, biweekly during the intervention, two weeks after the intervention, and one month after the end of the chemotherapy course.
Conclusions
This study will determine the intervention effects of the 8-week auricular acupressure that alleviates OIPN symptoms and pain in patients with colorectal cancer and enhances their quality of life. The protocol design offers a standardized process that can serve as a reference for current and future studies and accumulate clinical experience regarding implementing auricular acupressure interventions.
Multi-View Contextual Adaptation Network for Weakly Supervised Object Detection in Remote Sensing Images
Authors: Ye Binfeng , Zhang Junjie , Rao Yutao , Gao Rui , Zeng Dan
Published: February 2024

Weakly supervised learning plays a pivotal role in the field of object detection, \textit{i.e.} Weakly supervised object detection (WSOD), significantly reducing annotation costs relying on image-level labels. However, WSOD exhibits certain limitations. Typically, they tend to identify the most easily recognizable local regions within targets, posing challenges in accurately delineating the boundaries of targets. Moreover, the presence of multiple instances of the same class in adjacent locations complicates the effective distinction between multiple objects within the same category. On the other hand, the complex backgrounds and dense distribution of targets in remote sensing images (RSI) further exacerbate the difficulty of weakly supervised detection.To address the above issues, we propose a model termed the Multi-View Contextual Adaptation Network (VCANet). Building on the classic Online Instance Classifier Refinement (OICR) framework, we propose to incorporate an contextual adaptation perception, within a multi-view learning framework, and integrate a pseudo-label filtering process. The contextual adaptation perception utilizes the surrounding environment information to enhance localization capabilities, guiding the model to prioritize target objects by referring to their spatially neighboring pixels. Multi-view learning manufactures additional constraints from diverse perspectives, thereby revealing objects that might be overlooked due to the weak supervision in a single view. The pseudo-label filtering process eliminates inaccurate pseudo-labels by identifying reliable foregrounds to mitigate overlapping proposals during the label propagation. On challenging datasets NWPU VHR-10.v2 and DIOR, we achieve promising results with mAP of 62.3% and 28.2%, respectively, surpassing existing benchmarks. We will make our code publicly available upon the acceptance of our paper.