bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crack identification in plates-type structures using natural frequencies coupled with successful history-based adaptive differential evolution algorithm
Authors: Chahira Brihmat , Amoura Nasreddine , Lecheb Samir , Kebir Hocine , Ait Chikh Mohamed Abdessamed , Tablit Bassima
Published: September 2023

In this study, a new approach, for identification and characterization of straight cracks in plates-like structures, is presented. The finite element method using a commercial software (Abaqus)is coupled with successful history-based adaptive differential evolution algorithm (SHADE) which, ensures the minimization of the objective function based on the mean relative error, that is defined as the difference between the measured (experimental) frequencies of a plate with an unknown crack identity and numerical frequencies of a cracked plate given by the approach Shade/FEM. This method will be applied on a steel thin plate to find the identity of the crack given by length, orientation and centre coordinates. Two strategies are applied to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The first one, is based on the inverse problem using natural frequencies of a plate withknown crack identity obtained by a modal simulation on Abaqus. In the second, the experimental frequencies of a cracked plate were used. With just a population size of 25 and 150 iterations, the results show a good accuracy of the proposed approach with a relative error of the objective function less than 0.8%.
Revisiting classical concepts of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics - Part I: The closing ‘mathematical’ crack in an infinite plate and the respective Stress Intensity Factors
Authors: Markides Christos , Kourkoulis Stavros K
Published: September 2023

This is the first part of a short three-paper series, aiming to revisit some classical concepts of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics. The motive of this first paper is to highlight some controversial issues, related to the un­natu­ral overlapping of the lips of a ‘mathematical’ crack in an in­fin­­­ite plate load­ed by specific combinations of principal stresses at in­finity (predicted by the clas­si­c­al solu­tion of the respective first fundamental problem), and the closely as­so­ciated issue of negative mode-I Stress Intensity Factor. The problem is con­­­front­ed by superimposing to the first funda­mental problem of Lin­ear Elastic Frac­ture Mechanics for an in­fin­ite cracked plate (with stress-free crack lips) an ‘in­­verse’ mixed fund­amental problem. This superposition provides naturally ac­­­­­­­­ceptable stress and displacement fields, prohibiting overlapping of the lips (by means of contact stresses generated along the crack lips, which force the over­lapped lips back to naturally accepted position) and, also, non-negative mode-I Stress Intensity Factors. The solu­tions of this first paper form the basis for the next two papers of the series, dealing with the respective prob­lems in fi­­n­ite do­­mains (recall, for example, the cracked Brazil­ian disc con­fig­u­ra­tion) weak­­ened by artificial notches (rather than ‘math­e­mat­ical’ cracks), by far more interesting for practical engineer­ing ap­pli­­ca­tions.
La evolución de la Teoría Contable a través de la vinculación entre la Contabilidad de la Sustentabilidad y la Contabilidad Financiera
Authors: Scavone Graciela M. , Marchesano Marisa
Published: September 2023

Los inversores y principales usuarios de la información financiera con propósito general necesitan que las acciones de sustentabilidad que tengan impacto financiero estén contenidas en los informes anuales publicados y auditados. El objetivo de la presente investigación consiste en analizar si es posible, en función de un sistema contable diseñado adecuadamente, contar con información que vincule el desempeño financiero con las estrategias de sustentabilidad de una organización, brindando a los interesados información que sintetice toda la actuación de la entidad a un momento dado. Para ello se analizaron las revelaciones sobre acciones que responden a estrategias de sustentabilidad incluidas en informes emitidos por las empresas en Argentina que adoptan lineamientos generalmente aceptados en la materia. Esta información se relacionó con inversiones, pasivos, gastos e ingresos revelados en Estados Financieros, considerando un mismo período. De las diferencias detectadas, se advierte que resultan necesarias medidas correctivas. Es crucial abrir debate sobre el reconocimiento contable obligatorio de aquellas transacciones, acciones, omisiones u otras cuestiones relacionadas con el desempeño sustentable de un ente, que puedan poner en riesgo la continuidad de la organización. En base al análisis efectuado, en las empresas consideradas, no puede llevarse a cabo una vinculación que revele la coincidencia entre lo manifestado en los Reportes de Sustentabilidad y los estados financieros del mismo ente y para un mismo período. Si bien en relación con un desempeño sustentable existen datos que no pueden medirse objetivamente, y en consecuencia no son reconocidos en los Estados financieros, la falta de armonía entre ambos informes analizados sugiere la intervención en el proceso de emisión de información de distintos equipos de trabajo que priorizan necesidades de información para diferentes usuarios, no brindando datos exhaustivos. Las recomendaciones finales se enfocan, principalmente, en legitimar un liderazgo en el proceso de emisión de información para evitar incongruencias, diferencias y omisiones, en capacitar a los actores principales de los procesos de emisión de información y en despertar la sensibilidad de los profesionales en ciencias económicas que participan activamente asesorando y contribuyendo a que las organizaciones logren elevar la calidad de sus revelaciones.
Pemodelan dan Implementasi Gerak Robot Manipulator dengan Menggunakan Robotics System Toolbox pada MATLAB
Authors: Setiawan Muhammad Farouk , Hasanah Ainun
Published: September 2023

Penggunaan robot manipulator dalam dunia industri sudah sangat tidak asing lagi. Namun, apabila melihat dari sudut pandang dunia pendidikan, pembelajaran tentang robot manipulator cenderung mengalami kesulitan yaitu dalam hal biaya pembuatan robot manipulator itu sendiri yang cenderung mahal. Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pemodelan dan implementasi yang dapat memungkinkan pembelajaran terkait robot manipulator dapat dilakukan dalam dunia pendidikan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan salah satu library pada MATLAB yaitu Robotics System Toolbox dan kemudian mengimplementasikannya pada mikrokontroller Arduino Mega 2560 untuk dapat dijalankan pada prototipe robot manipulator. Hasil yang diperoleh bahwa simulasi dan implementasi gerak robot dengan menggunakan Robotics System Toolbox dapat terintegrasi secara langsung dan menghasilkan gerakan yang mampu mengikuti input berupa titik koordinat pada bidang x, y, dan z. Blok invers kinematik mampu dengan akurat dalam menghitung secara otomatis besar sudut tiap joint robot manipulator yang dapat memposisikan end effector robot pada titik koordinat lintasan gerak yang telah ditentukan.
Keanekaragaman Echinodermata Di Pantai Desa Pakowa Bunta Kecamatan Nuhon Kabupaten Banggai
Authors: Karim Wahyudin Abdul , Anggo Sulasmi , Ningrum Ervina Kusuma , Lige Firga Nabila
Published: September 2023

Forests are one of the natural resources that has an important and potential role for human life, therefore it is necessary to preserve their existence as a function to support living systems. The objective of this research is to know how to make an inventory of plant species belonging to Family Asteraceae in Batu Tikar Forest, Luwuk District, Banggai Regency. This type of research is descriptive research. Researchers seek, collect, describe, and interpret research data found in the field systematically, factually, and accurately. This research was conducted in August 2020. Sampling was carried out by the exploration method, namely tracing the research area. It is Batu Tikar forest. The data obtained from the research results were then analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results of this study found 9 species, namely Chromolaena odorata, Eclipta prostrata, Synedrella nodiflora, Ageratum Conyzoides, Tridax procumbens, Cyanthillum cinereum, Ludwigia hyssopifolia, Acmella paniculata and Bidens pilosad with a total of 39 individuals. From the research results, it can be seen that the plants of the asteraceae family belong to 9 genera, namely Chromolaena, Eclipta, Synedrella, Ageratum, Tridax, Cyanthillum, Ludwigia, Acmella and Bidens.

Keywords: Batu Tikar Forest, Asteraceae Family, Inventory
Loneliness among University students as a growing concerne
Authors: OUSMAN Youssouf Issen , NAZİR Thseen
Published: September 2023

This academic paper aims to discuss the issue of loneliness among university students and suggest strategies to combat it. Despite previous research exploring various aspects of loneliness, there has been a general neglect in examining the effectiveness of various therapies specifically for university students. The paper begins by defining loneliness, exploring its types and causes, and highlighting its effects on university students. It then offers suggestions for alleviating loneliness through various strategies. A secondary objective is to emphasize the importance of universities providing support by organizing various social activities to bring students together and to encourage further research into effective methods of combating loneliness. The paper will review existing research to identify the causes of loneliness among university students, assess its impact on their lives, and suggest potential strategies to address it.
Elementary School Pre-service Teachers’ Perceptions of Quality in Higher Education
Authors: AKSU Dursun
Published: September 2023

Maintaining quality throughout all stages of higher education and its constituents is crucial for cultivating a quality labor force. The purpose of this study is to identify the perceptions of pre-service teachers regarding the quality of higher education. This study aims to achieve this goal through qualitative methodologies. The data was gathered via an interview questionnaire developed by the researcher. The study group consists of volunteers enrolled in departments of elementary education from two public universities made up of 47 female and 13 male candidates, for a total of 60 pre-service teachers. A semi-structured interview questionnaire developed by the researcher was used for the collection of data. For data analysis, thematic content analysis was employed. It was found in the study that the facilities, the equipment provided by the institutions, and the amenities present in the surrounding areas were deemed insufficient by the pre-service teachers in both universities. Furthermore, they remarked that their interests, requests, complaints, and needs were being neglected, while also expressing views affirming the qualities of the academic and administrative staff in their respective institutions. Taking into consideration the perspectives from both universities, the factors of transportation, the natural environment, attitudes of local people towards the students, security, social services, sports amenities, food, and accommodations were observed to be variable in terms of the viewpoints of pre-service teachers. Similarly, the perceptions of pre-service teachers concerning guidance and counseling services, views towards course materials and their practical applications, systems of examination, and university awards and honors have also shown differences between the two institutions.
Editorial review on Vol. 6 No. 1
Authors: Yin Shi
Published: September 2023

N/A
Study of the structure of potato varieties to Phytophtora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.), Globodera pallida (Stone), Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber), PVY, PVX in Primorsky Krai
Authors: Fisenko P. V. , Matsishina N. V. , Popova Yu. S. , Volkov D. I. , Khoruzheva T. I. , Ermak M. V. , Sobko O. A.
Published: September 2023

Relevance. One of the important directions of potato breeding is the creation of varieties resistant to a complex of diseases, such as late blight, viral and fungal infections, as well as parasitic nematodes. The use of DNA markers to identify valuable genotypes accelerates the selection process of resistant varieties, thereby increasing the efficiency of breeding.

Methods. The aim of the study was to study the resistance of 23 potato varieties to the local isolate Phytophthora infestans (Mont.), as well as to determine the genes of resistance to pathogens: potato cancer, pale and golden cyst-forming nematodes, X and Y viruses, late blight. Potato leaves were treated with Putzilovka-2019 isolate inoculum and kept in the dark for 24 hours, then placed in a climate box. Records were kept on the 6th day after inoculation.

Results. Latona, Bryansk delicacy, Gala, Dachny, Kazachok, Adretta varieties showed high resistance to late blight — 0.0% of leaf surface damage. High resistance to late blight was also demonstrated by the varieties Laperla, Belmonda, Impala, Violet, Zhukovsky early, Queen Anne, Sante, Amber, in which the leaf lesion area ranged from 3.0 to 10.0%. During molecular screening, the potato cancer resistance gene (Senl) Nl25 was detected in 22 varieties, the H1 resistance gene in 15 varieties, and the Gpa2 resistance gene in 9 varieties, the gene encoding resistance to virus X (Rxl) was detected in 13 varieties.
The assessment of summer apple cultivars for biochemical fruit composition and productivity
Authors: Galasheva А. М. , Makarkina М. А. , Krasova N. G. , Vetrova О. А. , Galashev M. I.
Published: September 2023

Relevance. In industrial horticulture, the cultivar plays an important role. Correctly selected rootstock will allow identifying the possibility of a cultivar. It is the rootstock that controls growth, has a great influence on the rate of fertility, fruiting and marketable qualities of the fruits of the grafted cultivar. The introduction of apple graft-rootstock combinations into wide production to obtain consistently high yields with fruits of high commodity and biochemical qualities requires a rational selection of cultivars and rootstocks.

Methods. Apple cultivars Orlinka and Yablochny Spas were studied for yield indicators in accordance with the «Program and methodology of fruit, berry and nut variety study». The assessment of the biochemical composition of fruits was carried out at VNIISPK in the laboratory of biochemical and technological evaluation of cultivars and storage according to generally accepted methods «Methods of biochemical research of plants» and «Evaluation of cultivars by the chemical composition of fruits».

Results. As a result of studying the biochemical composition of the fruits of apple cultivars grown on clonal rootstock 62-396 and dwarf intercalary rootstocks 62-396 and 3-17-38, it was found that the content of soluble solids in the fruits of Orlinka on the studied rootstocks was greater than that of Yablochny Spas. The highest sugar content in fruits was in Orlinka on dwarf intercalary rootstocks 62-396 and 3-17-38: 11.00% and 11.54%, respectively. In the fruits of Yablochny Spas, titrated acids were less in all variants of the experiment than in Orlinka. There were no significant differences in the accumulation of ascorbic acid in fruits between cultivars and graft-rootstock combinations. During the entire period of study, the resulting yield in Orlinka significantly exceeded the yield of Yablochny Spas.
Lonicera caerulea L. Comparative metabolomics study of polyphenolic composition by tandem mass spectrometry of four varieties of Far Eastern honeysuckle
Authors: Razgonova M. P. , Sabitov A. Sh. , Senotrusova T. A. , Lee N. G. , Murzina O. G. , Rusakova E. A. , Petrusha E. N. , Tikhonova N. G.
Published: September 2023

Relevance. The article presents a comparative metabolomic study of blue honeysuckle (L. caerulea) berries, varieties Volhova, Tomichka, Goluboe vereteno, Amfora, presented in the collection of the Far Eastern Experimental Station of N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources.

Methods. To determine the complex of secondary metabolites in extracts of blue honeysuckle berries. used the method of tandem mass spectrometry. Fractional maceration was used to obtain highly concentrated extracts. In extracts of L. caerulea berries, 75 compounds of the polyphenol group were reliably identified by tandem mass spectrometry.

Results. Based on the results of the qualitative identification of the component composition of blue honeysuckle berry extracts, a Venn diagram was constructed showing the similarity and difference in polyphenol groups of various L. caerulea varieties. Berries of L. caerulea contain a large amount of biologically active substances, in particular, they have a large number of compounds with antioxidant activity. The isolated polyphenol complex included compounds of the following groups: flavones, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, flavanones, anthocyanins, stilbenes, coumarins, phenolic acids. Also, for the first time in the extracts of L. caerulea berries, 30 chemical compounds of the polyphenol group were identified (flavones Pentahydroxydimethoxyflavone, Cirsiliol, jaceosidin, Sophoraisoflavone A, Dihydroxy tetramethoxyflavone, Chrysoeriol-O-hexoside, Formononetin-7-O-glucoside, flavon-3-ols (epi)-Afzelechin, (epi)-Catechin gallate, stilbenes Pinosylvin, Resveratrol, Dihydroresveratrol, coumarins Fraxetin, Umbelliferone, etc.), not previously mentioned in studies on L. caerulea.
Analysis of the rabies epizootic in the Central Federal District of Russia in 2018–2022
Authors: Anisina O. V. , Pukhova N. M. , Bogomolova O. A. , Konkina S. V. , Parshikova A. V. , Filimonova A. D.
Published: September 2023

Relevance. At present, a complex epizootic situation with rabies persists in Russia. Every year, foci of rabies are registered in many subjects of the Russian Federation, with the largest number of cases occurring in the Central and Volga Federal Districts, on the territory of which a high level of the episodic index has been maintained for almost a decade (0.99 and 0.978, respectively).

Metods. The purpose of the study was to spatiotemporally analyze the results of the development of the epizootic process and identify the main causes of rabies outbreaks in the Central Federal District (CFD) of the Russian Federation over the past five years (2018–2022). The work used information on the epizootic situation of rabies in official reports (FGBU «Center for Veterinary Medicine» of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia), data from published scientific sources and the results of our own research. Analysis of the development of epizootics in the CFD was carried out descriptively and retrospectively.

Results. Persistent epizootic trouble in the CFD is confirmed by the annual detection of cases of rabies in all subjects of the district. It has been established that the formation of rabies virus foci is due to the presence of favorable landscape and natural and climatic conditions for maintaining a high number of wild animals, the main reservoir and source of rabies, and periodic introductions of infection from adjacent regions. The spread of rabies in the CFD mainly depends on the control of the number of neglected animals and on the regularity of preventive vaccination of wild and domestic carnivores.
Productivity of soft and hard spring wheat varieties under the conditions of Primorsky Krai
Authors: Kuzmenko N. V. , Murugova G. A. , Klykov A. G. , Konovalova I. V.
Published: September 2023

Relevance. Currently, the most important tasks of breeding are the creation and introduction into production of new high—yielding varieties, resistant to stressful environmental conditions and with high grain quality, adapted to the conditions of the monsoon climate.

The purpose of the study is to study varieties of spring soft and durum wheat of various origins according to the main economically valuable characteristics in the conditions of the Primorsky Territory.

Methods. The research was conducted at FSBSI «FSC of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A.K. Chaiki» in 2020–2022. Sixteen spring wheat varieties of various breeding origin served as the research object — six soft spring wheat varieties and ten hard spring wheat varieties. The weather conditions during the growing season of wheat differed over the years of the research (2020–2022). This allowed an objective evaluation of the breeding material for adaptability and resistance to stress factors.

Results. For breeding and production, wheat varieties with high yields (more than 4.0 t/ha) have been identified: spring soft — Voronezh 18, Rima, Primorskaya 50, spring hard — Don Elegia. As a result of the correlation analysis, high positive associations were revealed between yield and productive bushiness (r = 0.95), the mass of 1000 grains (r = 0.85), the number of spikelets in the ear (r = 0.84). Aleyskaya, Khabarovsk and Primorskaya 40 varieties stood out with the highest index of protein and gluten in grain. Variety Sunny 573 was distinguished by high hardness (67.5%) and grain type (785 g/l).
The results of the study of multiple selections in a breeding nursery when creating new soybean varieties
Authors: Fokina E. M. , Razantsvey D. R. , Belyaeva G. N.
Published: September 2023

Relevance. At the present stage for agricultural production, the creation of new domestic competitive varieties of various plants is of paramount importance within the framework of the large-scale program of the Russian Federation for import substitution, while one of the most important and sought-after crops in Russia is soybean.

Methods. The material for the research was the hybrid populations F7-F17 generations of the breeding nursery (SP), which is annually replenished with selections of individual plants from the F6 hybrid nursery.

Results. An estimate of the duration of multiple selections by the pedigry method in a breeding nursery (SP) until obtaining homozygous lines is given. The analysis of the conducted studies showed that out of 29 soybean varieties of hybrid origin included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation and being tested for 2023, 13 varieties (Harmoniya, Lydia, Nega 1, MK-100, Lebedushka, Zhuravushka, Lacemaker, Cinderella, Tisey, Lyana, Olimp, Lastochka, Tatiana) (44.8%) were obtained on the basis of multiple selections F7-F9 in the breeding nursery, and the variety Persona, which is included in the State Register for 11 regions and is in demand in the Amur Region, was isolated from the hybrid population of the F17 generation. As a result of the assessment for 2020–2022. F7-F17 generations of the breeding nursery according to the duration of splitting in hybrid populations, it was found that multiple selection up to the tenth generation is most effective (F7 — 35.1%, F8 — 30.8%, F9 — 12.1%), but promising highly productive lines with economically valuable traits can also be obtained from later generations
Aetiological understanding of fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome and classificatory analogues: A systematic umbrella review
Authors: Kleinstäuber Maria , Schröder Andreas , Daehler Sarah , Pallesen Karen Johanne , Rask Charlotte U. , Sanyer Mathias , Van den Bergh Omer , Weinreich Petersen Marie , Rosmalen Judith G. M.
Published: September 2023

Background

This umbrella review systematically assesses the variety and relative dominance of current aetiological views within the scientific literature for the three most investigated symptom-defined functional somatic syndromes (FSS) and their classificatory analogues within psychiatry and psychology.

Method

An umbrella review of narrative and systematic reviews with and without meta-analyses based on a search of electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsychINFO) was conducted. Eligible reviews were published in English, focused on research of any kind of aetiological factors in adults diagnosed with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME), and somatic symptom disorder (SSD)/somatoform disorder (SFD).

Results

We included 452 reviews (132 systematic reviews including meta-analyses, 133 systematic reviews, 197 narrative reviews), of which 132 (29%) focused on two or more of the investigated health conditions simultaneously. Across diagnoses, biological factors were addressed in 90% (k = 405), psychological in 33% (k = 150), social in 12% (k = 54), and healthcare factors in 5% (k = 23) of the reviews. The methodological quality of the included systematic reviews (k = 255) was low (low/critically low: 41% [k = 104]; moderate: 49% [k = 126]; high quality: 10% [k = 25]). The high-quality systematic reviews suggest that deficient conditioned pain modulation, genetic factors, changes in the immune, endocrinological, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and nervous system, and psychosocial factors such as sexual abuse and pain catastrophizing increase the risk for FSS.

Conclusion

Only very few systematic reviews have used comprehensive, biopsychosocial disease models to guide the selection of aetiological factors in FSS research. Future research should strive for higher scientific standards and broaden its perspective on these health conditions.
Scheduled support versus support on demand in internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Käll Anton , Olsson Lynch Cecilia , Sundling Kajsa , Furmark Tomas , Carlbring Per , Andersson Gerhard
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Clinician-supported internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) can be an effective treatment option when treating social anxiety disorder (SAD). Unguided ICBT is often found to be less effective. One possible solution to reduce the costs of clinician support is to provide support on demand. In this format of guidance, participants have the option to contact their clinician if needed. In a few studies, this mode of support has been compared favorably to scheduled support.

Method

Participants in a previously reported controlled trial on SAD who had been in a waitlist control group were randomly allocated to ICBT with either on-demand guidance or scheduled weekly therapist guidance. A total of 99 participants were included. Data were collected weekly on the primary outcome measure, the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale self-report (LSAS-SR), and at pre- and post-treatment for secondary measures. Data were analyzed in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle using mixed-effects models.

Results

Both groups improved significantly during the treatment according to the LSAS-SR ratings. The groups did not differ in their estimated change during the treatment period, with a between-group effect of d = 0.02, 95% CI [-0.37, 0.43]. Both groups experienced similar improvement also on the secondary outcome measures, with small between-group effect sizes on all outcomes.

Conclusions

The findings indicate that support on demand can be an effective way of providing guidance in ICBT for SAD, although more research on this topic is needed. A limitation of the study is that it was conducted in 2009, and the findings were in the file drawer. Subsequent published studies support our initial findings, but more research is needed.
Fundamental questions in meiofauna—how small but ubiquitous animals can help to better understand Nature
Authors: Martínez García Alejandro , Bonaglia Stefano , Di Domenico Maikon , Fonseca Gustavo , Ingels Jeroen , Jörger Katharina , Laumer Christopher , Leasi Francesca , Zeppilli Daniela , Baldrighi Elisa , Bik Holly , Cepeda Diego , Curini-Galletti Marco , Cutter Asher , Dos Santos Giovanni , Fattorini Simone , Frisch Dagmar , Gollner Sabine , Jondelius Ulf , Kerbl Alexandra , Kocot Kevin , Majdi Nabil , Mammola Stefano , Martín-Durán José María , Menegotto André , Montagna Paul , Nascimento Francisco , Puilandre Nicolas , Rognant Anne , Sánchez Nuria , Santos Isaac , Schmidt-Rhaesa Andreas , Schratzberger Michaela , Semprucci Federica , Shimabukuro Mauricio , Somerfield Paul , Struck Torsten , Sørensen Martin , Wallberg Andreas , Worsaae Katrine , Yamasaki Hiroshi , Fontaneto Diego
Published: September 2023

Meiofauna—a collective term to define microscopic animals—represent a numerically important component of biodiversity in most of Earth’s ecosystems and play a crucial role in biogeochemical cycles. Meiofauna have also been used as models to understand fundamental adaptive processes, have contributed to a better understanding of the animal’s Tree of Life, and are believed to be a treasure trove for future genomic studies. To celebrate the diversity of research topics brought to us by the term “meiofauna”, we gathered a multidisciplinary team of 42 ecologists, taxonomists, morphologists, biogeographers, molecular biologists, and scientific disseminators to list 194 fundamental questions in meiofaunal research. Then, through an online survey, 251 scientists, administrators, students, and stakeholders assisted us in reducing this list to 50 top-priority questions. Applied topics related to anthropogenic impact and climate change received the highest scores, whereas questions related to areas in development such as genomics or adaptations, received less attention. Whereas we might not be exploiting meiofauna’s full potential yet, more and more integrative approaches and technological developments will create opportunities to employ these fascinating organisms to answer broad and important questions, despite of their impediments related to their small body size. Meiofauna research agenda should balance amongst investigating general questions, addressing more specialized research topics, and generating primary data on distribution, taxonomy, traits, and DNA sequences. The geographical and taxonomic biases that have historically affected meiofaunal research can be alleviated by promoting international cooperation, open data sharing, and an increase effort in education, taxonomic training, as well as scientific communication. We hope that this will get both researchers and the general public intrigued by those small critters that constantly lurk unseen in front of us.
Investigating the Impact of Ethical Leadership on Student Perceptions of Ethical Decision-making in Business Management: Evidence from Bangladesh
Authors: Shahana Pervin
Published: September 2023

The objective of this research is to examine the impact of ethical leadership on the ethical decision-making beliefs of students in the field of business management, specifically focusing on the data collected from Bangladesh. The study covers a heterogeneous sample of 406 participants, including individuals of all genders and varying age ranges, mostly from Dhaka University and North South University. The results indicate that all participants had a reasonable level of acquaintance with ethical leadership, indicating a consistent level of awareness among them. The participants expressed mostly favorable perspectives towards ethical leadership, as a substantial majority agreed that ethical leaders demonstrate integrity and act as exemplars of ethical conduct within the professional setting. Regarding the matter of ethical decision-making within the realm of business management, a considerable agreement exists, emphasizing its indispensability for the long-term prosperity of a firm. However, divergent viewpoints are evident about its effects on reputation, customer trust, staff morale, organizational culture, and sustainable practices. The research further examined the observation of ethical leaders, experiences with ethical challenges, and the incorporation of formal ethical training into company management. The vast majority of participants said that they had seen the presence of ethical leaders and had faced ethical challenges, underscoring their widespread occurrence. Additionally, a significant majority expressed support for the incorporation of structured ethical training within the realm of corporate management. In spite of these findings, a statistical analysis using ordered logistic regression revealed that the associations between the independent variables (Ethical Decision-Making, Observation of Ethical Leaders, Encounter with Ethical Dilemmas, Belief in Formal Ethical Training) and the ordinal dependent variable did not reach statistical significance at conventional thresholds. This finding indicates that, based on the parameters of this study, the variables in question did not demonstrate a strong predictive relationship with the ordinal dependent variable. However, this research provides significant contributions to the understanding of how students in Bangladesh perceive ethical leadership and ethical decision-making. It highlights the significance of ethics education and the presence of ethical role models in the realm of business management.
The Fiqhi Conundrums Related to the Framing of Diminishing Musharaka “Partnership in Ownership”
Authors: Najeeb Alsayed Mohammad
Published: September 2023

This research examines the validity of categorizing "Diminishing Musharaka," a product of Islamic financial engineering, as a property partnership between a bank and its customer. Employing a comparative descriptive analytical approach, the study delves into juristic texts pertaining to this topic, meticulously analyzing their content. The primary focus lies in comprehending the concept accurately and subsequently drawing a parallel with the characteristics of a "declining company." The findings of the research indicate that considering Diminishing Musharaka as a property partnership faces challenges due to inherent jurisprudential issues. These issues encompass the impermissibility of profit differentiation when shares are equal and the partner's lack of authority to dispose of their counterpart's share without explicit permission. These legal intricacies give rise to pragmatic complications, constricting the scope of this partnership model. Moreover, they curtail the participants' autonomy in selecting profit percentages and exerting control over the company's funds. The study concludes that categorizing Diminishing Musharaka as a novel company type aligns more accurately with its nature. This categorization circumvents the aforementioned problems, enhancing the flexibility of its application. Consequently, this approach empowers the involved parties to exercise greater freedom in determining profit distribution percentages and making decisions regarding the company's capital. Keywords: Diminishing Musharakah, Islamic finance, jurisprudential consideration, joint ownership, joint venture.
Smart Contracts: An Applied Jurisprudential Study
Authors: Al-Horani Eman
Published: September 2023

أدى ظهور تقنية بلوكتشين ومنصة إيثريوم تحديدًا إلى انتشار تطبيقات العقود الذكية في القطاع المالي عالميًا، وتعرف العقود الذكية بأنها عقود مبرمجة ذاتية التنفيذ تتم بين طرفين أو أكثر بمجرد استيفاء شروط العقد من خلال شبكة بلوكتشين لامركزية وفق نظام الند للند Peer to Peer، بما يتناسب وأحكام الشريعة الإسلامية وبما يضمن حقوق الأطراف والآثار المترتبة على العقد. وبسبب هذا الاهتمام والانتشار فقد هدف هذا البحث إلى تسليط الضوء على بعض هذه التطبيقات في المالية الإسلامية تحديدًا، وتناول البحث أربعة نماذج على تطبيقات هذه العقود في المالية الإسلامية مع مشروعية التعامل لكل منها وهي: نموذج بلوسوم فايننس Blossom finance، ونموذج منصة وثاق Wethaq Platform، ونموذج فنتيرا وقف تشين Finterra Waqf chain، ونموذج هلّوجولد HelloGold من خلال اتباع المنهج الوصفي الاستقرائي والتحليلي. وتوصل البحث إلى أن هذه التطبيقات الأربعة على العقد الذكي متوافقة وأحكام الشريعة الإسلامية وتتمثل هذه التطبيقات بنموذج بلوسوم فايننس Blossom finance في إصدار صكوك المضاربة، ونموذج منصة وثاق Wethaq Platform في إصدار صكوك الإجارة، ونموذج Finterra Waqf chain في الوقف والتمويل الإسلامي، ونموذج HelloGold في حفظ وبيع وشراء وإرسال واسترداد الذهب المادي. الكلمات المفتاحية: العقود الذكية، بلوكتشين، تطبيقات العقود الذكية، الامتثال الشرعي، التكنولوجيا المالية، المالية الإسلامية.
MODERN METHODS OF URBAN ENVIRONMENT LAND USE MONITORING
Authors: Pilicheva M. , Kondrashchenko O. , Shterndok E.
Published: September 2023

In the context of urbanization and global climate change, the need to adapt and respond to land use dynamics is becoming increasingly important. Cities are constantly transforming, and this transformation affects the social, economic and environmental aspects of the lives of their inhabitants. Accordingly, monitoring tools and methods must be flexible, adaptive and capable of working in real time. Thanks to the latest technologies and monitoring methods, it became possible to quickly analyse changes and predict the future of urban development. In this aspect, remote sensing of the Earth should be noted. The advantages of this tool include: large territorial coverage; high frequency of pictures; the possibility of analysis in different spectral ranges, etc. Geoinformation systems are an equally important tool. GIS allows you to combine, analyse and visualize spatial data. 3D modelling can also be noted as an important tool. With the help of modern technologies, such as laser scanning, it has become possible to create detailed three-dimensional models of urban areas. Separately, automated systems for controlling the use of the territory of cities should be singled out. Due to the proliferation of digital technologies, citizens can actively participate in monitoring processes using mobile applications, public observation platforms and other tools for data collection and sharing. In the monitoring processes of urban land use, mathematical modelling plays a key role in predicting urban land use. The models help researchers and authorities understand current trends and make predictions about the future development of urban areas. Several mathematical modelling approaches can be distinguished, which include: city growth models, geostatistical models, agent-based models, regression models, system dynamic models, optimization models, landscape ecology, diffusion models, socio-economic models, scenario analysis models , combined models. Several different modelling methods are often combined to obtain the most complete and accurate picture.
Keywords: monitoring, geoinformation system, modeling methods, land use, factors influencing land use.
FACTOR ANALYSIS AS A METHOD OF URBAN LAND USE RESEARCH
Authors: Pilicheva M. , Meteshkin K. , Kondrashchenko O.
Published: September 2023

Cities are being rebuilt, expanded, and modernized, and proper land management becomes critical. Factor analysis can help identify areas in need of social investment, ensuring equal access to resources and opportunities for all citizens. Therefore, the relevance of factor analysis in the study of land use in modern conditions does not require discussion. Factor analysis is a statistical method that allows you to study the relationship between numerous variables and reveal the structural features of the data. The importance of the application of factor analysis in the processes of monitoring the use of land in cities lies in the heavy load on the land resources of cities, which requires informed decisions regarding their use. Factor analysis allows identify key factors affecting land use, understand the community's priorities and needs, evaluate the potential of different areas of the city for the placement of objects. Factor analysis also has its advantages and disadvantages. Disadvantages include: subjectivity (since some factors can be subjectively determined, there is a risk of data distortion or misinterpretation), dynamism (cities are dynamic systems. This means that they are constantly changing, and factors that were relevant today may lose their relevance tomorrow), complexity of interpretation (a large number of factors can complicate the process of interpreting the results). Positive aspects of factor analysis should be noted: continuous updating of data (aimed at collecting and obtaining the most recent data for accurate response and development of appropriate solutions), integrating different data sources (which is a combination of traditional and new data sources such as social networks, can help to get a more complete picture of the situation), the use of a multidisciplinary approach (which allows the involvement of experts from various fields and will provide a deeper understanding of the city's problems and needs). Thus, factor analysis in urban planning remains one of the most effective tools for understanding complex relationships in the city. To get the most complete picture of the situation, factor analysis is often combined with other research methods. One example is geographic information systems (GIS). They allow you to visualize the results of factor analysis on maps, which simplifies the decision-making process at the level of urban planning.
Keywords: spatial support, land use factors, methods of factor analysis, geospatial data, planning parameters.
GEOINFORMATION MODEL OF THE TRANSPORT NETWORK
Authors: Voronkov O. , Kobzan S. , Pomortseva O.
Published: September 2023

The article presents a geo-informational model of the transport network of the Lozovsky district of the Kharkiv region. An analysis of the modeling object was carried out and it was determined that the transport system of the Lozovsky district contains two main components - a network of railway tracks and a network of highways. There are also waterways, but they are not suitable for transportation tasks. At the same time, geoinformation technologies, by their purpose, have descriptive and analytical functions that allow modeling and analysis of any objects. The Internet resource Open Street Map was selected as a data source for spatial modeling of the transport system of the Lozovsky district. This resource contains detailed and free information, access to Open Street Map data in geoinformation format integrated with QGIS software. Therefore, this software product was used as a modeling tool. Using the modules of the software tool selected for modeling, the following layers of the model were created: "District boundaries", "Roads", "Railway", "Railway stations", "Waterways" and "Populations", each of which has attribute data that characterize the properties of the elements of the corresponding layer. As an example of the use of the built model, the main types of network analysis were performed, namely, the shortest routes between settlements located within the selected modeling area were calculated. Modeling of the shortest distances from settlements located on the selected territory to the district center of Lozovsky district of Kharkiv region was also performed. Conclusions were made about the suitability of the built model for analysis and solving issues of optimization of transport infrastructure. The resulting model can be used as a means of supporting decision-making when forming a development strategy. In addition, it has been determined that geographic information modeling is a powerful tool for analyzing and visualizing geographically distributed data and has a wide range of applications, providing great opportunities for analyzing and improving the management of geographic information, including for the study and modeling of transport networks.
Keywords: transport network, geoinformation system, modeling, route optimization, shortest distance.
MODERN ARCHITECTURAL FORMATION AND 3D PRINTING OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
Authors: Votinov M. , Smirnova O.
Published: September 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis and research of modern practical experience of designing residential objects in the urban environment. The conceptual foundations of the architectural design of modern residential buildings and complexes are considered. Features of modern architectural form-making and 3-D printing of residential objects are determined. It was determined that the architectural concepts of modern residential objects should be built based on the connection of several directions (ecology, urban planning, architecture of buildings and structures with the introduction of landscape design tools) and methods of modern shaping. It has been established that the shaping of modern residential objects is a process of implementing the design model of the building, which includes the choice of assembling form elements and subsystems of the building into a single system. It has been established that the architectural design of modern residential objects is based on the requirements and methods of creation that include: the algorithm of the process of forming the shape of a modern residential building, the interaction of subsystems of a residential building, the selection of the dominant subsystem with its reflection on the external form of the building, the type of basic form, the characteristic methods of forming the shape of a modern residential building, the compositional interaction between the elements of the architectural form of a modern residential building. The article pays attention to the modern theory of architectural space. The authors outline the ways of system improvement of modern residential buildings in the future. The impact of the latest technologies on the main parameters of modern residential objects has been revealed. Four directions of development of modern residential buildings and complexes in the urban environment in the future have been identified. These directions are related to the application of innovative technologies, new building materials, functional intensification of the infrastructure of the residential environment, creation of multifunctional residential objects, development of large-scale characteristics of buildings, use of natural components in the architectural design of modern residential objects. Prospective techniques for improving the formation of local residential units are defined.
Keywords: architecture, modern housing, formation, infrastructure, new technologies, 3-D printing, urban environment.
RECONSTRUCTION OF THE "UNIFEHT" UNIVERSITY STADIUM DURING THE MILITARY AGGRESSION IN THE CITY OF KHARKIV
Authors: Chub O. , Kreizer I.
Published: September 2023

The issue of reconstruction of the destroyed stadium "Unifecht" of Kharkiv National University named after V.N. Karazin in the city of Kharkiv during the military aggression by Russia is the subject of research of this article. Unifekht Stadium was the training base of Olympic fencing champions, it was here that world champion Dmytro Karyuchenko, multiple champion of Ukraine Maksym Hvorost, and world champion Olena Voronina mastered the art of rapier. The article examines the proposal of a draft project for the restoration of the "Unifecht" stadium, carried out by the project organization "Institute "Kharkivproekt" on a charitable basis. "Kharkivproekt" Institute has experience in preparing Ukrainian stadiums for international sports competitions. During the Euro-2012 European Football Championship games in Ukraine and Poland, this organization carried out the reconstruction project of the "Metalist" stadium in Kharkiv. Such experience helps to introduce new functional changes and take into account modern requirements during the reconstruction of the destroyed stadium. European requirements and domestic legislation, norms of design and construction of sports facilities are taken into account, factors affecting the complex reconstruction of the stadium are considered. The article describes the work experience and proposals of Ukrainian architects regarding the restoration of a destroyed object under the conditions of martial law in Ukraine.
Keywords: sports facilities, multifunctional stadium, reconstruction.