bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relativistic Two-photon Matrix Elements for Attosecond Delays
Authors: Lindroth Eva , Dahlström Jan Marcus , Vinbladh Jimmy
Published: June 2022

The theory of one-photon ionization and two-photon above-threshold ionization is formulated for applications to heavy atoms in attosecond science using the Dirac-Fock formalism. A direct comparison of the Wigner-Smith-Eisenbud delays for photoionization is made with delays from the Reconstruction of Attosecond Beating By Interference of Two-photon Transitions (RABBIT) method. Photoionization by an attosecond pulse train, consisting of monochromatic fields in the extreme ultraviolet range, is computed with many-body effects at the level of the Relativistic Random Phase Approximation (RRPA). Subsequent absorption and emission processes of infrared laser photons in RABBIT are evaluated using static ionic potentials as well as asymptotic properties of relativistic Coulomb functions. As expected, light elements, such as Argon, show negligible relativistic effects, while heavier elements, such a Krypton and Xenon, exhibit delays that depend on the fine-structure of the ionic target. The relativistic effects are notable close to ionization thresholds and Cooper minima with differences in fine-structure delays predicted to be as large as tens of attoseconds. The separability of relativistic RABBIT delays into a Wigner-Smith-Eisenbud delay and a universal continuum--continuum delay is studied with reasonable separability found for photoelectrons emitted along the laser polarization axis in agreement with prior non-relativistic results.
Characterization of Calpain and Caspase-6 Generated Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Breakdown Products Following Traumatic Brain Injury and Astroglial Cell Injury
Authors: Yang Zhihui , Arja Rawad Daniel , Zhu Tian , Sarkis George Anis , Patterson Robert Logan , Romo Pammela , Rathore Disa S. , Jaalouk Emily , Weissman Amanda , Wong Aaron Tin-Chuk , Zhang Zhiqun , Shi Yuan , Yost Richard A. , Moghieb Ahmed , Abbatiello Susan , Robertson Claudia S. , Haskins William E. , Kobeissy Firas , Wang Kevin K. W.
Published: June 2022

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the major intermediate filament III protein of astroglia cells which is upregulated in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Here we reported that GFAP is truncated at both the C- and N-terminals by cytosolic protease calpain to GFAP breakdown products (GBDP) of 46-40K then 38K following pro-necrotic (A23187) and pro-apoptotic (staurosporine) challenges to primary cultured astroglia or neuron-glia mixed cells. In addition, with another pro-apoptotic challenge (EDTA) where caspases are activated but not calpain, GFAP was fragmented internally, generating a C-terminal GBDP of 20 kDa. Following controlled cortical impact in mice, GBDP of 46-40K and 38K were formed from day 3 to 28 post-injury. Purified GFAP protein treated with calpain-1 and -2 generates (i) major N-terminal cleavage sites between A-56 and A-75, and (ii) major C-terminal cleavage sites between T-383 and Q-388, producing a limit fragment of 38K. Caspase-6 treated GFAP was cleaved at D-78, R-79, D-266 and A-267, where GFAP was relatively resistant to caspase-3. We also derived a GBDP-38K N-terminal-specific antibody which only labels injured astroglia cell body in both cultured astroglia and mouse cortex and hippocampus after TBI. As a clinical translation, we observed that CSF samples collected from severe human TBI have elevated levels of GBDP-38K as well as two C-terminally released GFAP peptides (DGEVIKES and DGEVIKE). Thus, in addition to intact GFAP, both the GBDP-38K as well as unique GFAP released C-terminal proteolytic peptides species might have the potential in tracking brain injury progression.
On Fuzzy Locally Convex Spaces
Authors: Egwe Murphy Emeke
Published: June 2022

In this paper, the concept of fuzzy locally convex spaces generated by a family of fuzzy seminorms is introduced. We prove that a Minkowski functional of zero neighborhoods generates a seminorm and finally deduce that the topology generated by the family of seminorms coincides with that of the Minkowski functional.
The Value of Family Education for Rural Left-Behind Children under the Perspective of Moral Education
Authors: Chi Yang
Published: June 2022

Rationalizing the value orientation of rural left-behind family education is an important prerequisite for promoting children's formation of good moral character and overall healthy development. Establishing moral education and cultivating socialist builders and successors who develop morally, intellectually, physically and aesthetically is the core of the value orientation of rural left-behind family education with Chinese characteristics. At present, the value orientation of family education for rural left-behind families in China is still relatively small, but it is of great importance to pay attention to the value orientation of family education for rural left-behind families under the perspective of moral education, and the value orientation of family education for left-behind children determines the final direction of family education for left-behind children, the content and way of education. The value orientation of family education for left-behind children in the countryside is mainly manifested in three aspects in contemporary times, such as the emphasis on intellectual education and the neglect of moral education, the insufficient educational quality of parents of left-behind children, the lack of management methods and the failure of some schools to recognize the importance and necessity of family education. In this regard, we can improve it by establishing the value orientation of family education with equal emphasis on moral and intellectual education and improving the educational literacy of parents of left-behind children.
Geographic Access to High-Volume Care Providers and Survival in Patients with Bone Sarcomas
Authors: Fujiwara Tomohiro , Ogura Koichi , Alaqeel Motaz , Healey John H.
Published: June 2022

Background:

Clinical practice guidelines recommend centralized care for patients with bone sarcoma. However, the relationship between the distance that patients travel to obtain care, institutional treatment volume, and survival is unknown.

Methods:

We used the National Cancer Database to examine associations between travel distance and survival among 8,432 patients with bone sarcoma diagnosed from 2004 to 2015. Associations were identified using multivariable Cox regression analyses that controlled for sociodemographic, clinical, and hospital-level factors; subgroup analyses stratified patients by histological diagnosis, tumor stage, and pediatric or adult status.

Results:

Mortality risk was lower among patients who traveled ≥50 miles (≥80.5 km) than among patients who traveled ≤10 miles (≤16.1 km) (hazard ratio [HR], 0.69 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.63 to 0.76]). Among hospital-level factors, facility volume independently affected survival: mortality risk was lower among patients at high-volume facilities (≥20 cases per year) than at low-volume facilities (≤5 cases per year), with an HR of 0.72 (95% CI, 0.66 to 0.80). The proportion of patients who received care at high-volume facilities varied by distance traveled (p < 0.001); it was highest among patients who traveled ≥50 miles (53%) and lower among those who traveled 11 to 49 miles (17.7 to 78.9 km) (32%) or ≤10 miles (18%). Patients who traveled ≥50 miles to a high-volume facility had a lower risk of mortality (HR, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.56 to 0.77]) than those who traveled ≤10 miles to a low-volume facility. In subgroup analyses, this association was evident among patients with all 3 major histological subtypes; those with stage-I, II, and IV tumors; and adults.

Conclusions:

This national study showed that greater travel burden was associated with higher survival rates in adults, a finding attributable to patients traveling to receive care at high-volume facilities. Despite the burdens associated with travel, modification of referral pathways to specialized centers may improve survival for patients with bone sarcoma.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Effect of Pounding Tool and Length of Time of Pounding on the Quality of Brown Rice Flour (Oryza Nivara)
Authors: Ardiansyah Ardiansyah Dwi Wicaksono , Machfudz Al , Hudi Lukman , Saidi Ida Agustini
Published: June 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of the pounder and the duration of pounding on the quality of brown rice flour. This research using a factorial randomized block design. The first factor is pounding with wooden mortar and stone mortar, while the second factor is pounding with 3 levels, namely 20, 30 and 40 minutes. Statistical analysis using ANOVA and further test using 5% BNJ test. Organoleptic test was analyzed using Friedman test. The results showed that there was an interaction between the type of pounder used and the duration of pounding on the percentage of particle size, color organoleptic value, aroma organoleptic value and organoleptic value of brown rice flour texture but had no significant effect on water content, fat content, and crude fiber content of brown rice flour. . Treatment with a masher (stone mortar) with a pounding time of 40 minutes had a very significant effect on the number of mesh 80 passes in brown rice flour. The organoleptic test was on the highest color with a value of 3.75 (slightly dark red) with a wooden mortar pounding treatment and 20 minutes of pounding time, the highest aroma organoleptic test with a value of 3.075 (rather typical of brown rice) with a stone mortar pounding treatment and 30 minutes of pounding time, and the highest value organoleptic texture was 3.55 (smooth) with stone mortar pounding treatment and 30 minutes of pounding time.
Characteristics Sensory of White Bread Enriched with Various Concentrations of Green Mustard Flour (Brassica Juncea)
Authors: Rizka Rizka Faticha Sari , Saidi Ida Agustini , Nurbaya Syarifa Ramadhani , Budiandari Rahmah Utami
Published: June 2022

This study aims to find out the effect of the concentration of green mustard flour (Brassica juncea) on the characteristics of fresh bread. This study was conducted using a randomized design group (RAK) factorial with the first factor of treatment of the concentration of green mustard flour consisting of 9 levels namely P1 0% Green Mustard Flour, P2 1% Green Mustard Flour, P3 2% Green Mustard Flour, P4 3% Green Mustard Flour, P5 4% Green Mustard Flour, P6 5% Green Mustard Flour, P7 6% Green Mustard Flour, P8 7% Green Mustard Flour and P9 8% Mustard Flour. The variable measured is an organoleptic test of volume, taste, and texture. The results showed that the treatment of the concentration of green mustard flour had a noticeable effect on organoleptic tests (volume, taste, and texture).
Automedicación en los pacientes con sospecha de Covid-19 en seguimiento clínico remoto de Lambayeque 2020
Authors:   , Barba Ocares Rosaelvira
Published: June 2022

Introducción: Debido a la pandemia, el Estado peruano decidió implementar cuarentena durante un periodo del 2020 la cual provocó cambios de comportamiento en la población, siendo uno de ellos elegir automedicarse. Por ello, el objetivo del presente estudio es describir las características de la automedicación en los pacientes sospechosos de COVID-19 en Lambayeque durante el 2020. Materiales y métodos: estudio de tipo observacional analítico transversal en el que se aplicó una encuesta telefónica a 462 pacientes voluntarios seleccionados aleatoriamente. Posteriormente, se realizó un análisis descriptivo y se buscaron potenciales asociaciones. Resultados: la media de edad fue de 42 años (DE ± 14), más de la mitad fueron mujeres (58%), la mayoría contaba con educación superior (61,7%), radicaban en la zona urbana de Lambayeque (86,6%) y 64,9% estaba afiliado a EsSalud. Más de la mitad (53,9%) se automedicó durante el tiempo de pandemia, la ivermectina (35,7%; n=218) fue la más consumida. Se encontró que el considerar no clara (p<0.05) ni veraz (p=0.001) la información sobre cómo prevenir la transmisión del SARS-CoV-2, estaría asociado con automedicarse. Conclusiones: La población estudiada usó ivermectina para “prevenir” el contagio, adquirida esta en farmacias gracias a la información obtenida de algún médico. También se concluye que creer que la información sobre prevención de COVID-19 brindada por los medios oficiales de comunicación del Perú no es clara o no es veraz está asociado con una mayor probabilidad de automedicación.
SER and Outage Probability Analysis of Double RIS Assisted Wireless Communication System
Authors: Rafi R.Mahammad , Sudha V.
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we propose a double Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS)-assisted wireless communication system with no direct link present between source and destination. Specifically, to get the maximum benefits from double RIS we consider a system model with first RIS (R1) near to the source, second RIS (R2) near to the destination, and both RIS will independently assist the communication between source and destination. In this setup, a moment generating function (MGF) based symbol error rate (SER) analysis is developed over Rayleigh fading channels. Furthermore, a simplified closed form expression for the system’s outage probability in terms of Q-function is derived. The performance of the proposed system is compared with single RIS assisted system with three different placements of RIS. Analytical results are validated using Monte Carlo simulation and simulation results reveal that double RIS assisted Wireless Communication System outperforms the single RIS assisted system in all scenarios with equal number of reflecting elements.
Surgical or Non-Surgical Treatment of Plantar Fasciopathy (SOFT). Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Møller Stefan , Riel Henrik , Wester Jens , Jensen Carsten , Simony Ane , Viberg Bjarke
Published: June 2022

Background: Plantar fasciopathy is the most common reason for complaints of plantar heel pain and one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal conditions with a reported lifetime incidence of 10%. The condition is normally considered self-limiting with persistent symptoms that often last for several months or years. Multiple treatments are available, but no single treatment appears superior to the others. Heavy-slow resistance training and radiofrequency microtenotomy for the treatment of plantar fasciopathy has shown potentially positive effects on short- and long-term outcomes (> 3 months). However, the effect of heavy-slow resistance training compared with a radiofrequency microtenotomy treatment is currently unknown. This trial compares the efficacy of heavy-slow resistance training and radiofrequency microtenotomy treatment with supplemental standardised patient education and heel-inserts in improving the Foot Health Status Questionnaire pain score after 6 months in patients with plantar fasciopathy.Methods: In this randomized superiority trial, we will recruit 70 patients with ultrasound-confirmed plantar fasciopathy and randomly allocate them to one of two groups: (1) Heavy-slow resistance training, patient education and a heel-insert (n = 35); (2) Radiofrequency microtenotomy treatment, patient education and a heel-insert (n = 35). All participants will be followed for 1 year, with the 6-month follow-up considered the primary endpoint. The primary outcome is the Foot Health Status Questionnaire pain domain score. Secondary outcomes include the remaining three domains of the Foot Health Status Questionnaire, a Global Perceived Effect scale, the physical activity level, and Patient Acceptable Symptom State, which is the point at which participants feel no further need for treatment.Discussion: By comparing the two treatment options, we should be able to answer if radiofrequency microtenotomy compared with heavy-slow resistance training is superior in patients with plantar fasciopathy.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03854682. Prospectively registered on February 26, 2019
Denoising Data in Signal Processing under the Complex Fuzzy Environment
Authors: Khan Madad , Rehman Raja Fida Ur , Anis Saima , Zeeshan Muhammad
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we have established some new operations and results of set theory for complex fuzzy sets (CFSs). Moreover, we introduced the basic results of complex fuzzy sets with their examples such as complex fuzzy union, complex fuzzy intersection, complex fuzzy complement, complex fuzzy Cartesian product, complex fuzzy bounded sum, complex fuzzy bounded difference, complex fuzzy algebraic sum, and complex fuzzy algebraic product. We established a new algorithm for the application of a complex fuzzy set in denoising data. We employed CFSs in data denoising using Fast Fourier transform since the phase term of CFS is periodic and performs like a Fast Fourier transform. We introduced a novel methodology for exploiting a CFS to develop a new model of the matrix, in which we identified a reference signal and removed noise from a specific signal.
Physical Layer Security Transmission Method Based on Artificial Noise in Full-Duplex User-Aided Cooperative SWIPT NOMA System
Authors: Jin Yong , Liu Chuang , Guo Ruijie , Zhou Lin , Hu Zhentao
Published: June 2022

We deeply explore the physical layer security of simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) network which uses the cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technique in this paper. A novel cooperative NOMA strategy in which the near user with full-duplex ability is employed as a friendly relay by using SWIPT technology to harvest energy is proposed to enhance the capability of user far from base station (BS). Moreover, artificial-noise (AN) cooperation scheme is also proposed to improve the physical layer security while minimizing the base station transmitting power. To tackle nonconvex problem related to above cooperative NOMA strategy, we present a semidefinite-relaxation (SDR) and successive convex approximation (SCA) scheme. Numerical simulation results show that compared with other schemes, our scheme can significantly reduce the transmit power required by BS and improve the physical layer security of network.
Post-viral fatigue following SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy: a longitudinal comparative study
Authors: Oliveira Ana Maria da Silva Sousa , Carvalho Mariana Azevedo , Nacul Luis , Cabar Fabio Roberto , Fabri Amanda Wictky , Peres Stela Verzinhasse , Zaccara Tatiana Assuncao , O'Boyle Shennae , Alexander Neal , Takiutu Nilton Hideto , Mayaud Philippe , Brizot Maria de Lourdes , Francisco Rossana Pulcineli Vieira
Published: June 2022

Background: Several studies have reported post-COVID-19 fatigue in the general population, but none explored post-COVID-19 fatigue among pregnant women. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence over time, duration and risk factors of post-viral fatigue among pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2. Methods: Longitudinal comparative study involving 588 pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 investigation during pregnancy or at delivery in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Three groups were investigated: G1 (N=259) women with COVID-19 (symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection) identified during pregnancy; G2 (N=131) women with positive SARS-CoV-2 serology determined at delivery; G3 (N=198) women with negative SARS-CoV-2 serology at delivery. Questionnaires investigating fatigue were applied at 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months after SARS-CoV-2 identification for G1; and at delivery, 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months after delivery for all groups. The prevalence of fatigue, fatigue most of the time, and significant fatigue were determined at all timepoints. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to evaluate the risk of remaining with fatigue over time in G1 women.Results: Prevalence of overall fatigue in G1 women at 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months were 40.6%, 33.6% and 27.8%, respectively. The cumulative risk of remaining with fatigue increased over time according to the severity of disease, with HR of 1.69 (95%CI: 0.89-3.20) and 2.43 (95%CI: 1.49-3.95) for women with moderate and severe symptoms, respectively. In multivariate analysis, the independent risk factors of fatigue in G1 women were cough and myalgia. At and after delivery the prevalence of fatigue was significantly higher in G1 women compared to G2 and G3 women at all time points. Conclusions: The prevalence of post-viral fatigue is higher in pregnant women acquiring SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy, and the risk and duration of fatigue increase with severity of infection.
Sudden gamer death: non-violent death cases linked to playing video games
Authors: Kuperczko Diana , Kenyeres Peter , Darnai Gergely , Kovacs Norbert , Janszky Jozsef
Published: June 2022

Background and aims: Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is an emerging problem. Rarely, media reports about people, who have died during playing video games, but thus far no systematic, scientific study is available about the topic. We investigated such cases, looking for common characteristics, connection between gaming and death, and the possible reasons leading to death.Methods: Cases were collected through internet search with general keywords, with ones specific to identified cases, and by working along cross references.Results: 24 cases were found: one from 1982, the others between 2002 and 2021. Twenty-three of the victims were male, age ranged from 11 to 40 years. More than half of the cases originated from Southeast Asia, and 12 deaths happened in internet cafes. Gamers played action-rich multiplayer games. In 18 cases the gaming session before death was extremely long (around a day or even several days) with minimal rest. The cause of death was pulmonary embolism in 5 cases, cerebral hemorrhage in 2 cases, most of the rest was presumably due to fatal cardiac arrhythmia.Discussion: Long sedentary position and dehydration may precipitate thromboembolism, acute blood pressure elevation during gaming may promote cerebral hemorrhage, and several factors (including acute and chronic sleep deprivation, exhaustion, stress) can lead to acute autonomic dysfunction and fatal arrhythmia. Conclusion: Incidence of non-violent death cases linked to playing video games is presumably very low. It mostly occurs in young males and it is often characterized by extremely long gaming time.
The applicability of Linehan Risk Assessment Scale: A cross-sectional study from Alexandria Poison Centre, Egypt during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Fouad Hoda , Badreldine Fatma , Kerim Ahmed Abd El , Hieba Rim , Kholeif Wael
Published: June 2022

Purpose: Suicide is a critical health problem that is significantly rising during the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide, yet it is still under-reported in Egypt. To date, a deficiency of a reliable scale to probe the risk factors underlying suicide liability among patients with deliberate self-poisoning. The study's objective was to offer a snapshot of the pattern of self- poisoning in Egypt during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Using the Linehan risk assessment and management protocol LRAMP, a psychological assessment was applied to evaluate vulnerable patients needing urgent psychiatric support and emphasize the influence of previous suicidal behaviors. A cross-sectional study was conducted on all patients admitted to Alexandria Poison Centre with deliberate self-poisoning Biosocial and poisoning data were recorded in a specially designed sheet. All patients were interviewed for underlying risk factors and protective factors for suicidal behavior. Results: Significant relation was recorded between previous suicidal attempts and psychiatric diseases. CNS depressant drugs and rodenticides recorded the highest frequency. The calculated score (suicide and protective factors) was higher in patients with previous suicidal attempts. Conclusion: The study was the first to test the applicability of Linehan scale in Alexandria Poison Centre. The results are promising however, multicenter replication of the concluded findings will be valuable.
Anti-inflammatory potential of Baicalein combined with silk fibroin protein in a Zebrafish model (Danio rerio)
Authors: Holanda Fabrício H , Ribeiro Arlef N , Sánchez-Ortiz Brenda L , de Souza Gisele C , Borges Swanny F , Ferreira Adriana M , Florentino Alexandro C , Yoshioka Sérgio A , de Moraes Lienne S , Carvalho José Carlos T , Ferreira Irlon
Published: June 2022

Baicalein (BA) is a flavonoid with wide-ranging pharmacological activity. However, its biological evaluation is hampered by its low solubility in aqueous medium, making forms of incorporation that improve its solubility necessary. In the present study, BA was combined with a solution of silk fibroin protein (SF), a biomaterial used as a drug carrier, to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of this combination, in vivo, in an experimental model, zebrafish (Danio rerio). Baicalein-Silk fibroin (BASF) improved the DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl‐hydrazyl‐hydrate) free radical scavenging rate (95%) in comparison with BA in solution. The acute toxicity study and histopathological analysis in zebrafish showed that BASF showed low cytotoxic potential up to a dose of 2.000 mg/kg. The use of BA in combination with SF enhanced the anti-inflammatory effect of flavonoids by inducing inflammatory peritoneal edema through carrageenan and achieved 77,6% inhibition of abdominal edema at a dose of 75 mg/kg. The results showed that the BASF, significantly increases the bioavailability and therapeutic effect of flavonoids and several results observed in this study may help in the development of new drugs.
Design Thinking for Curricular Innovations: A pilot study of a design thinking module for educational project design embedded within a student-as teacher course
Authors: Caton Julia B. , Chung Sukyung , Richards Jeremy B. , Schwartz Andrea Wershof , Gooding Holly C.
Published: June 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Economic and racial disparities of the weather impact on air quality in Brazil
Authors: Requia Weeberb J. , Castelhano Francisco Jablinski
Published: June 2022

Several studies have quantified the air pollution exposure disparities across racial and income groups. There is still a lack of investigations assessing disparities related to the impacts of weather on air pollution, which could indicate target air pollution reduction strategies under different climate scenarios. Our study aims to address this gap by estimating the economic and racial disparities of the weather impact on air quality in Brazil between 2003 and 2018. This study was divided into two stages. First, we used a generalized additive approach to fit two models to estimate the daily concentration of PM2.5 in each municipality in Brazil. We fitted a model adjusted for weather variables and an unadjusted model (without weather variables). Both models were controlled for temporal terms. This framework derived “weather penalty” by accounting for the differences in the β values among the adjusted and unadjusted models (βunadjusted - βadjusted). A positive penalty (βunadjusted > βadjusted) suggests that an increase in PM2.5 was associated with long-term weather changes between 2003 and 2018. In the second state, we estimated the population-weighted weather penalty for two groups in Brazil - racial and income. We found that the average penalty for the white population was 8.1% higher than that of the black population in Brazil. In the stratification analysis by region, the results were the same in the North, Northeast, and Southeast regions, in which white was the most-exposed group. In contrast, the Midwest and South were the regions where the black population was the most-exposed group, with a percentage difference in the average penalty of 2.4 and 3.7% that of the white population, respectively. For the income group, our results indicate that the high-income population group (income > third quartile of the income distribution) was the most-exposed group in all analyses, including the national and the regional analyses.
Therapeutic Potential of Nutritional Food for Healthy Cardiovascular System-Molecular Mechanism
Authors: VERMA RAVINDRA , Bisen Prakash S
Published: June 2022

Objective
Nutritional therapy, integrative and functional medicine, and psychiatry are areas of medicine where there has been limited research on the cause of disease and nutritional therapy. Modern medicine treats the medical cause, not the symptoms. All medicines are toxic in some way. Now, healthcare professionals are recommending food as medicine.
Methods
For this review, an extensive search was performed in electronic databases and in scientific publications. Boolean search methods were used in search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Mendley, and other scientific databases. Search engines use terms such as food, metabolic disorder, cardio-vascular disorder, food and/or functional food, etc. We reviewed the latest findings on food and metabolic disorders, especially those related to cardiovascular disease.
Results
Scientific research suggests that fruit and vegetables in a regular diet will reduce the risk of coronary heart disease and heart failure. Nature provides a large number of dietary options in the appropriate combination that can improve our health and cure metabolic disorders. It has been shown that a vegetarian diet and a Mediterranean diet have significant impact on the gut microbiome and cardiovascular disease risk.
Conclusions
A healthy lifestyle with a proper diet is essential in addition to traditional drug treatment for improving the lipid profile of cardiac patients. To develop effective targeted therapies, we need to further study molecular and cellular mechanisms of CVD. Genetic, inflammatory, nutritional, and immune factors can be studied to determine the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic syndrome.
Influence of ILM peeling on macular blood flow in patients with diabetic epiretinal membrane
Authors: Li Bo , Gou Wenjun , You Hui , Bai Mengtian , Xie Chen , Li Heng
Published: June 2022

Background
To study the effect of intraoperative internal limiting membrane(ILM)peeling on the macular vascular structure in patients with diabetic epiretinal membrane (ERM).
Methods
Patients with diabetic ERM were divided into an ERM + ILM peeling group (18 eyes) and an ERM peeling group (19 eyes), all of whom underwent standard vitrectomy and were followed up until 6 months postoperatively. Best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), Central macular thickness (CMT), Vessel density (VD) and vessel length density (VLD) of the superficial as well as deep retinal capillary plexus were compared between the two groups.
Results
There was no significant difference in BCVA (P > 0.05) and CMT (P > 0.05) between the two groups. In the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), the change in VD (p = 0.106) and VLD (p = 0.438) was not affected by peeling the ILM, and there was no significant difference in VD (p = 0.162) and VLD (p = 0.391) between the two groups at month 6. For the deep capillary plexus (DCP), there was an effect of ILM peeling on the changes in VD (p = 0.024) and VLD (p = 0.012); peeling of the ILM delayed the recovery time of the VD and VLD, and the VD (p = 0.003) and VLD (p = 0.000)in the ERM + ILM peeling group at postoperative month 6 were lower than those in the ERM peeling group.
Conclusion
Intraoperative peeling of the ILM in patients with diabetic ERM delayed the improvement of blood flow signal in the DCP but did not affect the recovery of postoperative BCVA and CMT.
Identification of soil properties influencing DRIS indices of maize in the savannas of northern Nigeria
Authors: Aliyu Kamaluddin Tijjani , Kamara Alpha Y. , Huising Jeroen , Adam Adam M. , Shehu Bello M. , Jibrin Jibrin M.
Published: June 2022

AimsImproper nutrient management reduces yield and affects the nutrient status of crops. This study aimed at diagnosing nutrient limitation in maize.MethodsA three-year multi-location (348 sites) nutrient experiments were conducted in randomized blocked design to analyse nutrient limitations for maize production under conventional fertilizer recommendation system in Nigeria using DRIS and to identify soil factors that influence DRIS indices using random forest model. DRIS indices for nutrients were calculated from the results of ear leaf samples collected from the experimental plots. The DRIS indices were summed, and used to cluster the plots using k-means cluster algorithmResultsResults show large differences in average yield between the clusters. The clusters also differed based on frequency to which nutrients are most limiting. B was the most limiting in cluster one and three, Mn in cluster two and K in cluster four. Random forest results show that soil pH, B and Mg had the largest influence on DRIS indices in cluster one. DRIS indices were most influenced by soil N and B in cluster two. To lesser extent, soil contents of Fe, K, Mg and S also influenced DRIS indices in cluster two. Soil K, B and Zn were the most significant factors that influenced DRIS indices in cluster four. Bulk Density, Fe, Na, ECEC, and organic carbon had a moderate influence on the indices in this cluster.ConclusionsNutrient limitation in plants can be diagnose using DRIS method. Soil properties have a definite influence on maize nutrient status.
The efficacy of Intrathecal Methyl-Prednisolone for acute Spinal cord injury: a prospective double-blinded randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sarpoolaki Mohammad Kazem , Meshkini Ali , Iranmehr Arad , Mirzaei Farhad , Badripour Abolfazl , Rafiei Ebrahim , Vafaei Ali , Khalilzadeh Morteza , Fattahi Mohammad reza
Published: June 2022

Study design: randomized clinical trialObjectives: evaluate the safety and effectiveness of intrathecal Methyl-Prednisolone compared to intravenous Methyl-Prednisolone in acute spinal cord injuriesSetting: Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesMethods: patients meeting our inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in the study and divided randomly into two treatment arms: intrathecal and intravenous. Standard spinal cord injury care (including surgery) was given to each patient based on our institutional policy. Patients were then assessed for neurological status (based on ASIA scores, Frankel scores) and complications for six months and compared to baseline status after injury. To better understand the biological bases of methylprednisolone on SCI, we measured two biomarkers for oxidative stress (serum malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity) in these patients at arrival and day three after injury.Results: The present study showed no significant difference between the treatment arms in neurological status (sensory scores or motor scores) or complications. However, the within-group analysis showed improvement in neurological status in each treatment arm within six months. Serum malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity were analyzed, and no significant difference between the groups was seen.Conclusion: This is the first known clinical trial investigating the effect of Methyl-Prednisolone in acute SCI patients. We have shown that there might be a role in using MP in young patients with acute SCI. Further studies should be conducted to define the positive and negative effects of this somehow novel technique in different populations as well.
Discovery, Synthesis and in silico approach of pyrrolo [3,4-c]pyrroles as SARS-CoV-2 M pro inhibitors
Authors: Mani Kailasam Saravana , Rajamanikandan S. , Prabha Balakrishnan
Published: June 2022

A new series of pyrrolo [3,2-c] pyrroles were synthesized and characterized using various analytical techniques including FT-IR, UV-Vis and NMR spectroscopic studies. The biological descriptors of the synthesized compounds were investigated using DFT calculation. The mode of binding and reactivity of the target compounds with SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) were studied using molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Molecular docking of the compounds (4a and 5a) showed a promising binding affinity towards Mpro protein with the binding energy of -8.3 kcal/mol and − 8.0 kcal/mol, respectively. The results of MD simulation and prime MM-GBSA calculation were consistent with molecular docking. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME) properties of the compounds are in the acceptable range, as they are orally active and obey Lipinski’s rule of five without violation. In addition, in silico toxicity prediction using the Pro-Tox II revealed the non-toxic nature of the compounds. Hence the obtained results suggest that these compounds could be a possible anti-viral candidate and highlight this series of compounds for further drug design and development against SARS-CoV-2.
Abrasive Waterjet Turning 3D Jet Deflection Analysis and Process Accuracy Prediction for Al 2024 Alloy
Authors: Kilinc Hande Esra , Annoni Massimiliano
Published: June 2022

The jet deflection phenomenon is one of the main causes for the larger workpiece final diameter respect to the ideal target diameter in Abrasive Waterjet Turning (AWJT). Hence, the predetermination of the final workpiece diameter necessitates measuring the jet deflection. The aim of the present work is to develop a novel on-line measurement methodology of the 3D deflection of the jet in AWJT by the contemporary use of two cameras and a dedicated image processing routine. The selected variable machining process parameters were feed rate (Vf), depth of cut (DOC) and the rotational direction of the workpiece. An empirical model was developed for predicting the workpiece final diameter accuracy on Al 2024 alloy based on the jet deflection and including the effect of the jet divergence. The obtained results form the base for a new type of AWJT modelling, on-line monitoring and closed-loop control and could be a first step to make the DOC a handier process parameter, as it happens in standard turning.
Gas emission characteristics of tectonic coal in the initial stage: Application for coal and gas outburst prediction
Authors: Zhang Huijie , Huo Zhonggang , Shu Longyong , Li Qixian , Liu Zhengshuai
Published: June 2022

Coal and gas outburst is one of the most disasters threating the safety and production of coal mines. Accurate description of the gas emission characteristics in the initial stage for tectonic coal is the key to improving the prediction accuracy of coal and gas outburst. In this work, the gas emission test of original and tectonic coal particles under the constant temperature was carried out. The optimal mathematical model suitable for the gas emission in the initial stage was then analyzed. Moreover, the time influencing factors of the optimal mathematical model were discussed. The research results show that cumulative gas desorption amount during 0-7 minute for tectonic coal is 1.28-1.41 times as much as that for original coal. The applicability of current mathematical model for describing the gas emission characteristics of tectonic coal in the initial stage has limitations. Five typical mathematical expressions are selected and compared to fit gas emission curve in the initial stage. Considering the sensitivity of parameters in outburst prediction, the optimal mathematical model was obtained. In addition, the time factor has a great influence on the application effect of mathematical model in coal and gas outburst prediction. For current mathematical model, the errors of tectonic coal are all negative. The greater the gas pressure and the later the measurement time, the greater the error. The errors in 1~6 min are -0.46%~-1.78%, and the errors in 2~7 min are -1.00%~-3.86%, which is not conducive to the safety of outburst prediction. Therefore, the optimal mathematical model has the possibility to overcome the limitations of current mathematical model. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the correction of coal and gas outburst prediction indicators.
Hyperledger Fabric Consensus Optimization Method Based on Endorsing Node
Authors: Wang Zhurong , Zhu Min , Wang Yichuan , Hei Xinhong
Published: June 2022

Aiming at a series of security risks caused by the transparency and scarcity of endorsing nodes information in Hyperledger fabric, a non-interactive and verifiable optimization scheme for randomly selecting endorsing nodes is proposed, that is, the fabric model based on endorsement-ordering-verification. By introducing the candidate set of endorsing nodes and using the verifiable random function based on the elliptic curve SM2 algorithm to randomly select endorsing nodes as transactions for endorsement strategy, the model realizes the non-interactive random selection function of endorsing nodes in fabric, which can effectively prevent hacker attacks on the network. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme has higher security than the comparison method and the scheme before optimization.
Senegenin rescues PC12 cells with oxidative damage through inhibition of ferroptosis
Authors: Zhang Heping , Zhou Wei , Li Jianling , Qiu Zhaohui , Wang Xiaotong , Xu Hui , Wang Huadong , Lu Daxiang , Qi Renbin
Published: June 2022

Oxidative stress is one of the pathological mechanisms of Alzheimers disease (AD), and ferroptosis has been determined to be involved in neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. Senegenin (Sen) prevents oxidative damage in nerve cells via a mechanism that may be highly related to ferroptosis. However, the mechanism of ferroptosis pathway involvement in AD is unclear. In this study, we established a model of PC12 cytotoxic injury induced by Aβ25−35, and we detected the level of oxidative damage, MMP, and ferroptosis-related proteins expression. The results showed that, compared with control group, the level of ROS increased, GPX activities decreased, and MDA levels increased in Aβ25−35 group. Aβ25−35 could induce mitochondrial depolarization in PC12 cells and Fer-1 could not reverse this damage. WB revealed that Aβ25−35 group had increased ACSL4 and PEBP1 proteins, and decreased GPX4 protein. After adding Sen in the model, the level of oxidative damage was reduced, and mitochondrial depolarization was reversed compared with Aβ25−35 group. WB suggested that the expression of ACSL4 and PEBP1 proteins decreased, and the expression of GPX4 protein increased by Sen treatment. In conclusion, we found that Sen exhibits strong neuroprotective activity against Aβ25−35 induced oxidative damage and lipid metabolic associated with ferroptosis. Inhibiting nerve cells ferroptosis might facilitate the future development of strategies to AD.
MedGAN-Net:a computer-aided diagnosis approach based on deep learning for COVID-19 with CT images
Authors: Nie Shanling , Cai Yunjie , Guo Yue , Zheng Zeqi , Yang Hai
Published: June 2022

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, novel pneumonia has put massive pressure on medical systems globally. The computer-aided diagnosis(CAD) approach could improve the efficiency of the diagnosis process, thus relieving the pressure. This study proposed a complete CAD approach named MedGAN-Net for COVID-19 diagnosis based on CT images. MedGAN-Net includes a novel data augmentation method and a classification module. Based on the modified TransGAN and CNN, the data augmentation method is to generate more positive samples as training data. The ResNet50 is adopted as the classification model. Evaluated on the benchmark dataset, the classification results of MedGAN-Net prove to be more accurate than other models. And our data augmentation method also outperformed other typical methods. Based on visualization, we analyzed the interpretability of MedGAN-Net and found it successfully caught the manifestations of COVID-19 on CT images. According to the overall assessment, the MedGAN-Net showed the possibility of assisting clinical diagnosis based on CT images.
CRISPR-Mediated Generation and Characterization of a Gaa Homozygous c.1935C>A (p.D645E) Pompe Disease Knock-in Mouse Model Recapitulates Human Infantile Onset-Pompe Disease
Authors: Kan Shih-hsin , Huang Jeffrey Y. , Harb Jerry , Rha Allisandra , Dalton Nancy D. , Christensen Chloe , Chan Yunghang , Davis-Turak Jeremy , Neumann Jonathan , Wang Raymond Y.
Published: June 2022

Pompe disease, an autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficient lysosomal acid α-glucosidase (GAA), is characterized by accumulation of intra-lysosomal glycogen in skeletal and oftentimes cardiac muscle. The c.1935C>A (p.Asp645Glu) variant, the most frequent GAA pathogenic mutation in people of Taiwanese and Southern Chinese ethnicity, causes infantile-onset Pompe disease (IOPD), presenting neonatally with severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, profound muscle hypotonia, respiratory failure, and infantile mortality. We applied CRISPR-Cas9 homology-directed repair (HDR) using a novel dual sgRNA approach flanking the target site to generate a GaaEm1935C>A knock-in mouse model and a myoblast cell line carrying the Gaa c.1935C>A mutation. Herein we describe the molecular, biochemical, physiological, histological, and behavioral characterization of 3-month-old homozygous GaaEm1935C>A mice. Homozygous GaaEm1935C>A knock-in mice exhibited normal Gaa mRNA expression levels relative to wild-type mice, had near-abolished GAA enzymatic activity, markedly increased tissue glycogen storage, and concomitantly impaired autophagy. Three-month-old mice demonstrated skeletal muscle weakness and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy but no premature mortality. The GaaEm1935C>A knock-in mouse model recapitulates multiple salient aspects of human IOPD caused by the GAA c.1935C>A pathogenic variant. It is an ideal model to assess innovative therapies to treat IOPD, including personalized therapeutic strategies that correct pathogenic variants, restore GAA activity and produce functional phenotypes.
Financial Impacts and Community Resources Utilization of Children with Feeding Difficulties
Authors: Okada June , Wilson Erin , Wong John , Luo Man , Fiechtner Lauren , Simione Meg
Published: June 2022

Background
To examine the extent to which financial impacts and community resources utilization are associated with pediatric feeding difficulties. We hypothesize that children with feeding difficulties will have more financial impacts and community resources utilization than children without feeding difficulties.
Methods
We conducted a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the 2017–2018 National Survey of Children’s Health regarding 14,960 children 0–5 years. Outcomes included out-of-pocket costs, caregivers leaving a job due to the child’s health, food insufficiency, receival of food or cash assistance, and receival of special education and/or developmental services. We used a multivariable logistic regression controlling for sociodemographic factors to examine the associations of feeding difficulties with financial impacts and community resources utilization outcomes.
Results
Out of 14,690 respondents, 1.7% of children reported feeding difficulties. These children had higher odds of having out-of-pocket costs of ≥$1000 (OR: 3.01; 95% CI: 1.61, 5.62), having a caregiver that left a job due to their child’s health (OR: 3.16; 95% CI: 2.01, 4.98), experiencing food insufficiency (OR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.03, 2.71), and receiving special education and/or developmental services (OR 3.98; 95% CI: 2.46, 6.45) than children without feeding difficulties.
Conclusions
Children with feeding difficulties are more likely to have financial impacts and community resources utilization than children without feeding difficulties. This information can be used to tailor interventions to improve family-centered care and outcomes for children.