bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Values, Life Events, and Health: A Study in a Finnish Rural Community
Authors: Sortheix Florencia M. , Olakivi Antero , Helkama Klaus
Published: October 2012

The relationships between individual values (Schwartz, 1992), life events, and psychological symptoms were analyzed in a general population sample from a Finnish rural community. The design was a cross‐sectional survey. Data were gathered in 1993 (n = 174) and 2007 (n = 226). We investigated whether personal values would predict the number of life events. Results showed that openness to change values was positively and conservation values, negatively related to life events (those over which the individual had certain degree of control, e.g. getting a new job) in 1993. As expected, an increase in the importance of conservation values from 1993 to 2007 weakened the association between values and life events so that in 2007, only stimulation values were related to events. Although no consistent direct relations were found between single values and symptoms, we found that the higher the value congruence between individual and group values, the fewer the reported symptoms, for both time points. This research provided evidence suggesting that life events are also related to one's personal value priorities. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Platinum Incorporation on the Energetics and Oxygen Chemisorption Properties of the Ni(1 1 1) Surface
Authors: Sümer Aslıhan , Aksoylu A. Erhan
Published: October 2012

The changes resulting from platinum substitution and Pt–Ni surface alloy formation in the energetic, structural, and electronical properties of the Ni(1 1 1) surface and the following decrease in the strength of oxygen chemisorption are investigated by DFT computations. Platinum substitution decreases both the total energy and the tensile stress of the Ni(1 1 1) surface. The decrease in the surface stress leads to a decrease in the degree of electron transfer from the surface nickel atoms to oxygen adatoms and, as a consequence, to a weakened oxygen chemisorption stability on the surface. The overall results confirm that Pt–Ni surface alloys have lower oxygen affinity and a larger tendency to stay in the metallic form compared to monometallic nickel, and this is one of the reasons of increased catalytic activity and enhanced stability of Pt–Ni bimetallic catalysts in oxidative steam reforming, especially at low reaction temperatures.
Diiminic Schiff Bases: An Intriguing Class of Compounds for a Copper‐Nanoparticle‐Induced Fluorescence Study
Authors: Ganguly Mainak , Pal Anjali , Negishi Yuichi , Pal Tarasankar
Published: October 2012

The condensation products of salicylaldehyde and different diamines constitute an important class of diiminic Schiff bases (DSBs). This class of compounds has been rediscovered as reducing as well as capping agents under UV irradiation. UV irradiation of alkaline DSB solutions in the presence of water‐soluble copper salts has been employed to produce copper nanoparticles (CuNPs). Intriguing CuNP‐stimulated fluorescence behavior of the solution has been observed. Depending upon the nature of the spacer in between two iminic bonds, fluorescence enhancement or quenching is observed. Such surprising fluorescence contrast has been ascribed to far‐field radiation and lossy surface waves.
Controlling Nucleation and Crystal Growth of a Distinct Polyoxovanadate Cluster: An In Situ Energy Dispersive X‐ray Diffraction Study under Solvothermal Conditions
Authors: Antonova Elena , Seidlhofer Beatrix , Wang Jing , Hinz Michael , Bensch Wolfgang
Published: October 2012

The formation of the antimonato polyoxovanadates [V14Sb8(C6H15N3)4O42(H2O)]⋅4H2O (1), (C6H17N3)2[V15Sb6(C6H15N3)2O42(H2O)]⋅ 2.5H2O (2), {C6H15N3}4[V16Sb4O42] 2H2O (3) (C6H15N3=1‐(2‐aminoethyl)piperazine, AEP) has been studied under solvothermal conditions by using in situ energy dispersive X‐ray diffraction (EDRXD). The syntheses were performed with an identical ratio for Sb2O3 and NH4VO3. If the reactions slurries are not stirred during the solvothermal reaction and by applying 70–75 % amine concentration, the products contain all three compounds, whereas 3 is observed at 80 %. Under stirring conditions, variation of the concentration of AEP led to crystallization of the three different compounds at distinct concentrations, that is, 1 is formed at 75 %, 1 and 2 between 75 and 80 % and 3 at 80 %. At an amine concentration of 77.5 %, first reflections of 2 occurred and at later stages, compound 1 started to crystallize. The sample with the lowest number of VIV species was formed at the lowest amine concentration, whereas crystallization of 3 required the highest concentration. The formation of the compounds occurred without crystalline intermediates and/or precursors. With increasing reaction temperature, the incubation time was significantly reduced.
Reactions with Oleum under Harsh Conditions: Characterization of the Unique [M(S2O7)3]2− Ions (M=Si, Ge, Sn) in A2[M(S2O7)3] (A=NH4, Ag)
Authors: Logemann Christian , Gunzelmann Daniel , Klüner Thorsten , Senker Jürgen , Wickleder Mathias S.
Published: October 2012

The reactions of group 14 tetrachlorides MCl4 (M=Si, Ge, Sn) with oleum (65 % SO3) at elevated temperatures lead to the unique complex ions [M(S2O7)3]2−, which show the central M atoms in coordination with three chelating S2O72− groups. The mean distances MO within the anions increase from 175.6(2)–177.5(2) pm (M=Si) to 186.4(4)–187.7(4) pm (M=Ge) to 201.9(2)–203.5(2) pm (M=Sn). These distances are reproduced well by DFT calculations. The same calculations show an increasing positive charge for the central M atom in the row Si, Ge, Sn, which can be interpreted as the decreasing covalency of the MO bonds. For the silicon compound (NH4)2[Si(S2O7)3], 29Si solid‐state NMR measurements have been performed, with the results showing a signal at −215.5 ppm for (NH4)2[Si(S2O7)3], which is in very good agreement with theoretical estimations. In addition, the vibrational modes within the [MO6] skeleton have been monitored by Raman spectroscopy for selected examples, and are well reproduced by theory. The charge balance for the [M(S2O7)3]2− ions is achieved by monovalent A+ counter ions (A=NH4, Ag), which are implemented in the syntheses in the form of their sulfates. The sizes of the A+ ions, that is, their coordination requirements, cause the crystallographic differences in the crystal structures, although the complex [M(S2O7)3]2− ions remain essentially unaffected with the different A+ ions. Furthermore, the nature of the A+ ions influences the thermal behavior of the compounds, which has been monitored for selected examples by thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis (DTA/TG) and XRD measurements.
Antiferromagnetic Interactions in 1D Heisenberg Linear Chains of 7‐(4‐Fluorophenyl) and 7‐Phenyl‐Substituted 1,3‐Diphenyl‐1,4‐dihydro‐ 1,2,4‐benzotriazin‐4‐yl Radicals
Authors: Constantinides Christos P. , Koutentis Panayiotis A. , Rawson Jeremy M.
Published: October 2012

7‐(4‐Fluorophenyl) and 7‐phenyl‐substituted 1,3‐diphenyl‐1,4‐dihydro‐1,2,4‐benzotriazin‐4‐yl radicals were characterized by X‐ray diffraction analysis and variable‐temperature magnetic susceptibility studies. The radicals pack in 1D π stacks of equally spaced slipped radicals with interplanar distances of 3.59 and 3.67 Å and longitudinal angles of 40.97 and 43.47°, respectively. Magnetic‐susceptibility studies showed that both radicals exhibit antiferromagnetic interactions. Fitting the magnetic data revealed that the behavior is consistent with 1D regular linear antiferromagnetic chain with J=−12.9 cm−1, zJ′=−0.4 cm−1, g=2.0069 and J=−11.8 cm−1, zJ′=−6.5 cm−1, g=2.0071, respectively. Magnetic‐exchange interactions in benzotriazinyl radicals are sensitive to the degree of slippage, and inter‐radical separation and subtle changes in structure alter the fine balance between ferro‐ and antiferromagnetic interactions.
Stable Synthetic Bacteriochlorins for Photodynamic Therapy: Role of Dicyano Peripheral Groups, Central Metal Substitution (2H, Zn, Pd), and Cremophor EL Delivery
Authors: Huang Ying‐Ying , Balasubramanian Thiagarajan , Yang Eunkyung , Luo Dianzhong , Diers James R. , Bocian David F. , Lindsey Jonathan S. , Holten Dewey , Hamblin Michael R.
Published: October 2012

A series of four stable synthetic bacteriochlorins was tested in vitro in HeLa cells for their potential in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The parent bacteriochlorin (BC), dicyano derivative (NC)2BC and corresponding zinc chelate (NC)2BC–Zn and palladium chelate (NC)2BC–Pd were studied. Direct dilution of a solution of bacteriochlorin in an organic solvent (N,N‐dimethylacetamide) into serum‐containing medium was compared with the dilution of bacteriochlorin in Cremophor EL (CrEL; polyoxyethylene glycerol triricinoleate) micelles into the same medium. CrEL generally reduced aggregation (as indicated by absorption and fluorescence) and increased activity up to tenfold (depending on bacteriochlorin), although it decreased cellular uptake. The order of PDT activity against HeLa human cancer cells after 24 h incubation and illumination with 10 J cm−2 of near‐infrared (NIR) light is (NC)2BC–Pd (LD50=25 nM) > (NC)2BC > (NC)2BC–Zn ≈ BC. Subcellular localization was determined to be in the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and lysosomes, depending on the bacteriochlorin. (NC)2BC–Pd showed PDT‐mediated damage to mitochondria and lysosomes, and the greatest production of hydroxyl radicals as determined using a hydroxyphenylfluorescein probe. The incorporation of cyano substituents provides an excellent motif for the enhancement of the photoactivity and photostability of bacteriochlorins as PDT photosensitizers.
Bone density testing among prostate cancer survivors treated with androgen‐deprivation therapy
Authors: Morgans Alicia K. , Smith Matthew R. , O'Malley A. James , Keating Nancy L.
Published: October 2012

BACKGROUND.

Androgen‐deprivation therapy (ADT) causes bone loss and fractures. Guidelines recommend bone density testing before and during ADT to characterize fracture risk. The authors of the current report assessed bone density testing among men who received ADT for ≥ 1 year.

METHODS.

Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results/Medicare data were used to identify 28,960 men aged > 65 years with local/regional prostate cancer diagnosed from 2001 to 2007 who were followed through 2009 and who received ≥ 1 year of continuous ADT. Bone density testing was documented in the 18‐month period beginning 6 months before ADT initiation. Logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with bone density testing.

RESULTS.

Among men who received ≥ 1 year of ADT, 10.2% had a bone density assessment from 6 months before starting ADT through 1 year after. Bone density testing increased over time (14.5% of men who initiated ADT in 2007‐2008 vs 6% of men who initiated ADT in 2001‐2002; odds ratio for 2007‐2008 vs 2001‐2002, 2.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.83‐2.85). Less bone density testing was observed among men aged ≥ 85 years versus men ages 66 to 69 years (odds ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.65‐0.89), among black men versus white men (odds ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.61‐0.86), and among men in areas with lower educational attainment (P < .001). Men who visited a medical oncologist and/or a primary care provider in addition to a urologist had higher odds of testing than men who only consulted a urologist (P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS.

Few men who received ADT for prostate cancer underwent bone density testing, particularly older men, black men, and those living in areas with low educational attainment. Visiting a medical oncologist was associated with increased odds of testing. Interventions are needed to increase bone density testing among men who receive long‐term ADT.

Data on bone density testing for nonmilitary populations of prostate cancer survivors in the United States who have received long‐term androgen‐deprivation therapy (ADT) have not been published. The current analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results/Medicare data suggests that few prostate cancer survivors who receive long‐term ADT undergo bone density testing; and several key populations, including African Americans and older men, have considerably lower rates of bone density screening. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Phase 2 randomized study of enzastaurin (LY317615) for lung cancer prevention in former smokers
Authors: Gray Jhanelle E. , Altiok Soner , Alexandrow Mark G. , Walsh Frank W. , Chen Jian , Schell Michael J. , Tai Datchen Fritz , Bepler Gerold
Published: October 2012

BACKGROUND:

Chemoprevention for lung cancer with nutraceutical or anti‐inflammatory agents has had mixed clinical benefit. Novel targeted agents hold the promise of greater efficacy and selectivity. The authors of this report evaluated enzastaurin, a selective protein kinase C‐β (PKC‐β) inhibitor with antiproliferative and proapoptotic properties, in former smokers.

METHODS:

The primary objective of this study was to compare the average fraction of Ki‐67–stained cells (the Ki‐67 labeling index [LI]) in bronchial biopsy specimens that were collected before and after treatment. Participants were randomized (2:1) to receive either 6 months of daily oral enzastaurin (500 mg) or placebo. Stratification was based on morphology, history of lung cancer, and airway obstruction.

RESULTS:

In pretrial investigations, the rationale for PKC‐β inhibition and pathway interrogation was established in premalignant lesions and early stage lung cancer. In an intent‐to‐treat analysis, of 40 randomized participants, there was no significant difference in the pretreatment/post‐treatment change in the Ki‐67 LI between the enzastaurin group and the placebo group (P = .53). Six participants discontinued enzastaurin, including 4 participants who had adverse events, including abdominal distension, deep vein thrombosis, hyponatremia, and rash, and 2 participants who decided to discontinue. One participant in the placebo group was discontinued on the study because of noncompliance. Two participants had ≥1 serious adverse event (bradycardia, deep vein thrombosis, and hypotension).

CONCLUSIONS:

To the authors' knowledge, this represents the first chemoprevention trial with a non‐US Food and Drug Administration‐approved, oral, small‐molecule–targeted agent. Although the primary endpoint was not met, enzastaurin was tolerable for 6 months by 75% of participants, and there was a suggestion of response in a subset analysis that was restricted to those who had metaplastic or dysplastic lesions. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Long‐term survival analysis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by plasma Epstein‐Barr virus DNA levels
Authors: Wang Wen‐Yi , Twu Chih‐Wen , Chen Hsin‐Hong , Jiang Rong‐San , Wu Ching‐Te , Liang Kai‐Li , Shih Yi‐Ting , Chen Chien‐Chih , Lin Po‐Ju , Liu Yi‐Chun , Lin Jin‐Ching
Published: October 2012

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to confirm the relation between plasma Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) DNA (pEBV DNA) load and treatment outcomes after long‐term follow‐up in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

METHODS: In total, 210 patients with NPC were enrolled, including 99 previously reported patients and 111 new patients. They prospectively received treatment with induction chemotherapy plus radiotherapy and were followed for at least 6 years. In these patients, pEBV DNA levels were measured before treatment and 1 week after treatment. The plasma viral load was correlated with treatment outcomes in the group of new patients and in the entire group.

RESULTS: By using previously defined pEBV DNA cutoff values (1500 copies/mL pretreatment and 0 copies/mL post‐treatment), there was a significant correlation between the pEBV DNA value and relapse‐free survival, overall survival, and subsequent relapse rates in the new, independent patient cohort. Outcome analyses for the entire group revealed a higher relapse rate (45.6% vs 21.5% [P = .0037] or 76.7% vs 26.1% [P < .0001]), a worse relapse‐free survival rate (56.5% vs 79.3% [P < .0001] or 23.3% vs 75.6% [P < .0001]), and poorer overall survival (59.2% vs 86% [P = .0003] or 33.3% vs 79.4% [P < .0001]) in patients who had high pretreatment or persistently detectable post‐treatment pEBV DNA levels, respectively, versus their respective counterparts. Multivariate Cox analysis also confirmed these results.

CONCLUSIONS: In this expanded study, the prognostic significance of pEBV DNA was confirmed using predefined cutoff values in an independent patient group, and pEBV DNA was identified as an independent prognostic marker for NPC. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Properties of the ON bistratified ganglion cell in the rabbit retina
Authors: Hoshi Hideo , Tian Lian‐Ming , Massey Stephen C. , Mills Stephen L.
Published: October 2012

The identity of the types of different neurons in mammalian retinae is now close to being completely known for a few mammalian species; comparison reveals strong homologies for many neurons across the order. Still, there remain some cell types rarely encountered and inadequately described, despite not being rare in relative frequency. Here we describe in detail an additional ganglion cell type in rabbit that is bistratified with dendrites in both sublaminae, yet spikes only at light onset and has no response bias to the direction of moving bars. This ON bistratified ganglion cell type is most easily distinguished by the unusual behavior of its dendritic arbors. While dendrites that arborize in sublamina b terminate at that level, those that ascend to arborize in sublamina a do not normally terminate there. Instead, when they reach the approximate radius of the dendrites in sublamina b, they dive sharply back down to ramify in sublamina b. Here they continue to course even further away from the soma at the same level as the branches wholly contained in sublamina b, thereby forming an annulus of secondary ON dendrites in sublamina b. This pattern of branching creates a bistratified dendritic field of approximately equal area in the two sublaminae initially, to which is then added an external annulus of dendrites only in sublamina b whose origin is entirely from processes descending from sublamina a. It is coupled to a population of wide‐field amacrine cells upon which the dendrites of the ganglion cell often terminate. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:1497–1509, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Configurable and scalable class of high performance hardware accelerators for simultaneous DNA sequence alignment
Authors: Sebastião Nuno , Roma Nuno , Flores Paulo
Published: October 2012

A new class of efficient and flexible hardware accelerators for DNA local sequence alignment based on the widely used Smith–Waterman algorithm is proposed in this paper. This new class of accelerating structures exploits an innovative technique that tracks the origin coordinates of the best alignment to allow a significant reduction of the size of the dynamic programming matrix that needs to be recomputed during the subsequent traceback phase, providing a considerable reduction of the resulting time and memory requirements. The significant performance of the enhanced class of accelerators is attained by also providing support for an additional level of parallelism: the capability to concurrently align several query sequences with one or more reference sequences, according to the specific application requisites. Moreover, the accelerator class also includes specially designed processing elements that improve the resource usage when implemented in a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), and easily provide several different configurations in an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) implementation. Obtained results demonstrated that speedups as high as 278 can be obtained in ASIC accelerating structures. A FPGA‐based prototyping platform, operating at a 40 times lower clock frequency and incorporating a complete alignment embedded system, still provides significant speedups as high as 27, compared with a pure software implementation.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photocontrolled Phase Transitions and Reflection Behaviors of Smectic Liquid Crystals by a Chiral Azobenzene
Authors: Guan Jingjing , Zhang Mingzhi , Li Birong , Yang Huai , Wang Guojie
Published: October 2012

The photocontrolled phase transitions and reflection behaviors of a smectic liquid crystal, 4‐octyl‐4′‐cyanobiphenyl (8CB), tuned by a chiral azobenzene, are systematically investigated. For the smectic 8CB doped with the chiral azobenzene (1R)‐(−)‐4‐n‐hexyl‐4′‐menthylazobenzene (ABE), the initial smectic phase can be switched to cholesteric and then to isotropic upon UV irradiation due to the trans‐to‐cis photoisomerization of ABE; however, no reflection band is observed. For the smectic 8CB doped with ABE and the chiral agent (S)‐(−)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diol (BN), a reflection band located in the short‐wavelength infrared region is observed, which disappears after further UV irradiation. For the smectic 8CB doped with ABE and a chiral agent with higher helical twisting power, (S)‐2,2′‐methylendioxy‐1,1′‐binaphthalene (DBN), a phototunable system with cholesteric pitch short enough to reflect visible light is demonstrated. With a given concentration of the chiral dopant DBN, a reversible reflection color transition is realized tuned by the isomerization of azobenzene. The reverse phase transition from isotropic to cholesteric and then to smectic can be recovered upon visible irradiation. The photocontrolled phase transitions in smectic liquid crystals and the corresponding changes in reflection band switched by photoisomerization of azobenzene may provide impetus for their practical application in optical memories, displays, and switches.
Base‐Free Direct Oxidation of 1‐Octanol to Octanoic Acid and its Octyl Ester over Supported Gold Catalysts
Authors: Ishida Tamao , Ogihara Yuichiro , Ohashi Hironori , Akita Tomoki , Honma Tetsuo , Oji Hiroshi , Haruta Masatake
Published: October 2012

The choice of a suitable support for gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) enabled the direct oxidation of unreactive aliphatic alcohol, 1‐octanol, to octanoic acid and octyl octanoate in the absence of a base. Under optimized conditions, Au NPs supported on NiO (Au/NiO) exhibited remarkably high catalytic activities and excellent selectivities to octanoic acid (e.g., 97 %) at full conversion. In contrast to Au/NiO, Au/CeO2 selectively produced octyl octanoate as a major product in a base‐free aqueous solution with a maximum selectivity of 82 % under optimized conditions.
Nachhaltiges Bauen mit Leichtbeton
Authors: Heller Dieter
Published: October 2012

Die Umwelt‐Produktdeklarationen des “Instituts Bauen und Umwelt e.V.“ geben Aufschluss über die Nachhaltigkeit von Baustoffen und bieten damit eine Planungsgrundlage für Architekten, Planer und Bauherren. Für Leichtbeton‐Mauersteine und ‐Elemente liegen diese von unabhängiger Stelle überprüften Daten vor. Sie belegen, dass für die Herstellung von Leichtbeton‐Baustoffen eine vergleichsweise geringe Menge an nichterneuerbarer Primärenergie erforderlich ist.

Sustainable building with lightweight concrete. The environmental product declaration of the “Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V.” gives information about the long term sustainability of building materials and offers a framework for planning to architects, planners and builders. It sets out data checked by independent sources for concrete cavity blocks and similar materials. It states that for the production of lightweight concrete materials a comparatively small amount of renewable energy is required.
Beyond Platin – Nachhaltigkeitstrends in der Bau‐ und Immobilienwirtschaft
Authors: Graubner Carl‐Alexander , Schneider Carmen , Pohl Sebastian
Published: October 2012

Nachhaltigkeit ist zugleich historisches Kulturgut und moderne Antwort auf die aktuelle globale Krisensituation im Kontext des Klimawandels. Insbesondere im Bauwesen ist der strategische Ansatz der Nachhaltigkeit in den letzten Jahren durch die Entwicklung und Implementierung von Nachhaltigkeitszertifizierungssystemen fest verankert worden. Derzeit weist die Bau‐ und Immobilienwirtschaft vor allem in den Bereichen der Diversifikation entwickelter Bewertungs‐ und Optimierungswerkzeuge und der Ausbildung eines praxistauglichen rechtlichen Rahmens für die beteiligten Akteure eine wesentliche Dynamik auf.

Beyond Platin – Sustainability trends in the construction and real estate industry. Sustainability is both a cultural asset and a modern answer to the current global crisis of climate change. In the past few years, sustainability has become especially important in the construction industry, anchored by the development and implementation of a number of sustainability certification systems. Today, the construction and real estate industry shows an essential dynamism in areas of diversifying of the developed assessment and optimization tools as well as establishing of a suitable legal framework for the involved players.
‘Speedy Action over Goal Orientation’: Cognitive Impulsivity in Male Forensic Patients with Dyslexia
Authors: Dåderman Anna M. , Meurling Ann Wirsén , Levander Sten
Published: October 2012

Previous neuropsychiatric studies suggest a relationship between reading disability and cognitive impulsivity. This relationship is not entirely explained by the high comorbidity between reading disability and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as children with a co‐occurrence of these disorders tend to be more impulsive than those with ADHD only. Other research has demonstrated that poor verbal skill (irrespective of the presence of dyslexia) deficits in executive functions and impulsivity are important risk factors for criminal behaviour. The present study bridges these two research traditions by examining whether patients undergoing forensic psychiatric investigation who also have dyslexia, have a cognitive style characterized by impulsivity. Male forensic patients (mean age 27 years, range 16–35) with (n = 9) and without (n = 13) dyslexia were evaluated on the computerized EuroCog test battery. The findings suggest that patients with dyslexia tend to use a cognitive impulsive style and suggest a more direct link between dyslexia and cognitive impulsivity that is not mediated by the presence of ADHD. In order to identify treatment needs and tailor treatment accordingly, forensic patients should be assessed with respect to poor verbal skill, dyslexia and impulsivity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perception of Stop Onset Spectra in Chinese Children with Phonological Dyslexia
Authors: Liu Wenli , Yue Guoan
Published: October 2012

The ability to identify stop consonants from brief onset spectra was compared between a group of Chinese children with phonological dyslexia (the PD group, with a mean age of 10 years 4 months) and a group of chronological age‐matched control children. The linguistic context, which included vowels and speakers, and durations of stop onset spectra were varied. Children with PD showed lower identification accuracy and exhibited a smaller vowel context effect for some stop‐vowel combinations compared with the chronological age‐matched control group. Further analyses revealed that the PD group had more variable response patterns, and their responses were less consistent with the acoustic characteristics of stop onset spectra. The results suggest that Chinese children with PD do not show greater sensitivity to allophonic acoustic variability compared with control children and exhibit a generally less robust response pattern to phonetic categories. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Free Recall Behaviour in Children with and without Spelling Impairment: The Impact of Working Memory Subcapacities
Authors: Malstädt Nadine , Hasselhorn Marcus , Lehmann Martin
Published: October 2012

This study examined supraspan free recall in children with and without spelling impairment. A repeated free recall task involving overt rehearsal and three computer‐based adaptive working memory tasks were administered to 54 eight‐year‐old children. Children without spelling impairments tended to recall more items than did those children with spelling deficits. Video analyses revealed that recall behaviour was similar in impaired and unimpaired children, indicating that both groups applied similar learning activities. Group differences in number of recalled items were attributed to differences in working memory subcapacities between children with and without spelling impairment, especially with regard to central executive and phonological loop functioning. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Warming off southwestern Japan linked to distributional shifts of subtidal canopy‐forming seaweeds
Authors: Tanaka Kouki , Taino Seiya , Haraguchi Hiroko , Prendergast Gabrielle , Hiraoka Masanori
Published: October 2012

To assess distributional shifts of species in response to recent warming, historical distribution records are the most requisite information. The surface seawater temperature (SST) of Kochi Prefecture, southwestern Japan on the western North Pacific, has significantly risen, being warmed by the Kuroshio Current. Past distributional records of subtidal canopy‐forming seaweeds (Laminariales and Fucales) exist at about 10‐year intervals from the 1970s, along with detailed SST datasets at several sites along Kochi's >700 km coastline. In order to provide a clear picture of distributional shifts of coastal marine organisms in response to warming SST, we observed the present distribution of seaweeds and analyzed the SST datasets to estimate spatiotemporal SST trends in this coastal region. We present a large increase of 0.3°C/decade in the annual mean SST of this area over the past 40 years. Furthermore, a comparison of the previous and present distributions clearly showed the contraction of temperate species' distributional ranges and expansion of tropical species' distributional ranges in the seaweeds. Although the main temperate kelp Ecklonia (Laminariales) had expanded their distribution during periods of cooler SST, they subsequently declined as the SST warmed. Notably, the warmest SST of the 1997–98 El Niño Southern Oscillation event was the most likely cause of a widespread destruction of the kelp populations; no recovery was found even in the present survey at the formerly habitable sites where warm SSTs have been maintained. Temperate Sargassum spp. (Fucales) that dominated widely in the 1970s also declined in accordance with recent warming SSTs. In contrast, the tropical species, S. ilicifolium, has gradually expanded its distribution to become the most conspicuously dominant among the present observations. Thermal gradients, mainly driven by the warming Kuroshio Current, are presented as an explanation for the successive changes in both temperate and tropical species' distributions.
Carbon monoxide‐treated dendritic cells decrease β1‐integrin induction on CD8+ T cells and protect from type 1 diabetes
Authors: Simon Thomas , Pogu Sylvie , Tardif Virginie , Rigaud Kevin , Rémy Séverine , Piaggio Eliane , Bach Jean‐Marie , Anegon Ignacio , Blancou Philippe
Published: October 2012

Carbon monoxide (CO) treatment improves pathogenic outcome of autoimmune diseases by promoting tolerance. However, the mechanism behind this protective tolerance is not yet defined. Here, we show in a transgenic mouse model for autoimmune diabetes that ex vivo gaseous CO (gCO)‐treated DCs loaded with pancreatic β‐cell peptides protect mice from disease. This protection is peptide‐restricted, independent of IL‐10 secretion by DCs and of CD4+ T cells. Although no differences were observed in autoreactive CD8+ T‐cell function from gCO‐treated versus untreated DC‐immunized groups, gCO‐treated DCs strongly inhibited accumulation of autoreactive CD8+ T cells in the pancreas. Interestingly, induction of β1‐integrin was curtailed when CD8+ T cells were primed with gCO‐treated DCs, and the capacity of these CD8+ T cells to lyse isolated islet was dramatically impaired. Thus, immunotherapy using CO‐treated DCs appears to be an original strategy to control autoimmune disease.
Klf10 inhibits IL‐12p40 production in macrophage colony‐stimulating factor‐induced mouse bone marrow‐derived macrophages
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Xuelian , Xia Xiaoping , Liu Xia , Suo Shanshan , Guo Jing , Li Min , Cao Wenqiang , Cai Zhijian , Hui Zhaoyuan , Subramaniam Malayannan , Spelsberg Thomas C. , Wang Jianli , Wang Lie
Published: October 2012

Bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMMs) treated with granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) or macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF), differentiate into GM‐CSF‐induced mouse bone marrow‐derived macrophages (GM‐BMMs) or M‐CSF‐induced mouse bone marrow‐derived macrophages (M‐BMMs), which have an M1 or M2 profile, respectively. GM‐BMMs produce large amounts of proinflammatory cytokines and mediate resistance to pathogens, whereas M‐BMMs produce antiinflammatory cytokines that contribute to tissue repair and remodeling. M‐BMMs stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are in an antiinflammatory state, with an IL‐12lowIL‐10high phenotype. However, the regulation of this process remains unclear. Klf10 belongs to the family of Krüppel‐like transcription factors and was initially described as a TGF‐β inducible early gene 1. IL‐12p40 is upregulated in LPS‐stimulated M‐BMMs from Klf10‐deficient mice, but downregulated during Klf10 overexpression. Klf11, another member of the Krüppel‐like factor family, can also repress the production of IL‐12p40. Furthermore, Klf10 binds to the CACCC element of the IL‐12p40 promoter and inhibits its transcription. We have therefore identified Klf10 as a transcription factor that regulates the expression of IL‐12p40 in M‐BMMs.
Cell‐intrinsic and ‐extrinsic control of Treg‐cell homeostasis and function revealed by induced CD28 deletion
Authors: Gogishvili Tea , Lühder Fred , Goebbels Sandra , Beer‐Hammer Sandra , Pfeffer Klaus , Hünig Thomas
Published: October 2012

While the requirement for CD28 and its ligands for the generation and function of “natural” (n)Treg cells is well established, it has not been possible yet to investigate cell‐intrinsic effects after interrupted CD28 expression. Here, we demonstrate a selective loss of Treg cells after disruption of the CD28 gene. The decline in Treg‐cell number was accompanied by reduced homeostatic proliferation, probably due to lack of costimulation during self‐antigen recognition, and by impaired Treg‐cell function including downregulation of CTLA‐4. The decline in Treg‐cell number was unaffected by thymectomy or by the presence of CD28 expressing T cells within the same animal, indicating that impairment of peripheral homeostasis and function of nTreg cells by CD28 deletion is cell‐intrinsic. In contrast, downregulation of CD25, the α chain of the IL‐2R, did not occur in the presence of WT T cells, indicating that its expression does not depend on CD28 signals in cis.
Vacancy‐Induced Deformation in a CoFe Prussian Blue Analogue – A Theoretical Investigation
Authors: Krah Tim , Suaud Nicolas , Zanchet Alexandre , Robert Vincent , Ben Amor Nadia
Published: October 2012

The impact of the number and positions of Rb ions in the RbCo[Fe(CN)6] Prussian blue analogue is analyzed by means of complete active space self‐consistent field (CASSCF) and subsequent second‐order perturbation theory (CASPT2) calculations performed upon embedded cluster models. It is shown that the geometries and corresponding electronic structures of the monomeric [CoIII(NC)5(OH2)]2– and [CoII(NC)5(OH2)]3– units are differently affected when the apical cyanide ligand is substituted by a water molecule. The CoIII ion moves away from the equatorial plane by ca. 0.15 Å, whereas the CoII is almost not sensitive to the environmental change. Furthermore, we find that this phenomenon is rather independent of the positions and numbers of the nearest‐neighbour alkali ions. The Co ion displacement directly controls the overlap between the bridging cyanide and metal ion orbitals, a scenario which might be favorable to trigger electron transfer in the photomagnetic dimeric CoFe units of the CoFe Prussian blue analogues.
Radial nerve cord protein phosphorylation dynamics during starfish arm tip wound healing events
Authors: Franco Catarina F. , Soares Renata , Pires Elisabete , Santos Romana , Coelho Ana V.
Published: October 2012

Echinoderms, as invertebrate deuterostomes, have amazing neuronal intrinsic growth aptitude triggered at any time point during the animal lifespan leading to successful functional tissue regrowth. This trait is known to be in opposition to their mammal close phylogenic relatives that have lost the ability to regenerate their central nervous system. Despite the promising nature of this intrinsic echinoderm trait, it was only recently that this complex biological event started to be unveiled. In the present study, a 2DE gel‐based phosphoproteomics approach was used to investigate changes in starfish neuronal protein phosphorylation states at two different wound healing time‐graded events following arm tip amputation, 48 h and 13 days. Among the resolved protein spots in 3.0–5.6 NL pH IEF strips, 190, 142, and 124 had a phosphoprotein signal in the control and the two injury experimental groups, respectively. Gel image analysis, highlighted 129 spots with an injury‐related protein phosphorylation dynamics, several being exclusively phosphorylated in controls (72 spots), injured nerves (8 spots) or, showing significantly different phosphorylation ratios (37 spots). Within these, a total of 43 proteins were identified with MALDI‐TOF/TOF. Altogether, several intervening proteins of important injury‐signaling pathways that seem to be modulated through phosphorylation, were identified for the first time in starfish radial nerve cord early regeneration events. These include cytoskeleton re‐organization toward the formation of the neuronal growth cones; cell membrane rearrangements, actin filaments, and microtubules dynamics; mRNA binding and transport; lipid signaling; Notch pathway; and neuropeptide processing.
Intraneuronal β‐amyloid and its interactions with proteins and subcellular organelles
Authors: Penke Botond , Tóth Anikó M. , Földi István , Szűcs Mária , Janáky Tamás
Published: October 2012

Amyloidogenic aggregation and misfolding of proteins are linked to neurodegeneration. The mechanism of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease, which gives rise to severe neuronal death and memory loss, is not yet fully understood. The amyloid hypothesis remains the most accepted theory for the pathomechanism of the disease. It was suggested that β‐amyloid accumulation may play a key role in initiating the neurodegenerative processes. The recent intracellular β‐amyloid (iAβ) hypothesis emphasizes the primary role of iAβ to initiate the disease by interaction with cytoplasmic proteins and cell organelles, thereby triggering apoptosis. Sophisticated methods (proteomics, protein microarray, and super resolution microscopy) have been used for studying iAβ interactions with proteins and membraneous structures. The present review summarizes the studies on the origin of iAβ and the base of its neurotoxicity: interactions with cytosolic proteins and several cell organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum, endosomes, lysosomes, ribosomes, mitochondria, and the microtubular system.
Palaeoproterozoic episodic magmatism and high‐grade metamorphism in the North China Craton: evidence from SHRIMP zircon dating of magmatic suites in the Daqingshan area
Authors: Liu Shoujie , Dong Chunyan , Xu Zhongyuan , Santosh M. , Ma Mingzhu , Xie Hangqiang , Liu Dunyi , Wan Yusheng
Published: October 2012

The Daqingshan area in the North China Craton (NCC) incorporates several suites of magmatic intrusives including gabbros, granodiorites, charnockites and syenogranites, which were overprinted by subsequent metamorphic events. In this study, we report detailed morphological and textural characteristics as well as sensitive high resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U–Pb ages of zircons from ten representative samples of the magmatic suites including syenogranites, charnockites and granodiorites. The zircons in these rocks are characterized by typical magmatic crystallization features including elongate prismatic grains with angular to sub‐angular faces which are overprinted by a variety of reworked textures indicating strong recrystallization. These structures are terminated by thin and variable metamorphic overgrowths. U–Pb analyses of the zircons reveal multiple tectono‐thermal events including magmatic crystallization at 2.30–2.00, 1.96–1.94 and 1.85–1.82 Ga and metamorphic overprint at 1.97–1.94 and 1.87–1.82 Ga. The episodic magmatism and regional metamorphism recorded in our study show a complex sequence of tectonic processes during the early to late Palaeoproterozoic associated with the amalgamation of crustal blocks within the NCC, with the youngest episode of the syenogranites representing regional extension at the end of the final cratonization of the NCC. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phosphorylation of ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) protein in spinal microglia following peripheral nerve injury and lysophosphatidic acid administration
Authors: Kashimoto Ryosuke , Yamanaka Hiroki , Kobayashi Kimiko , Okubo Masamichi , Yagi Hideshi , Mimura Osamu , Noguchi Koichi
Published: October 2012

Peripheral nerve injury activates spinal glial cells, which may contribute to the development of pain behavioral hypersensitivity. There is growing evidence that activated microglia show dynamic changes in cell morphology; however, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the modification of the membrane and cytoskeleton of microglia are not known. Here, we investigated the phosphorylation of ezrin, radixin, and moesin (ERM) proteins in the spinal cord after peripheral nerve injury. ERM is known to function as membrane‐cytoskeletal linkers and be localized at filopodia‐ and microvilli‐like structures. ERM proteins must be phosphorylated at a specific C‐terminal threonine residue to be in the active state. The nature of ERM proteins in the spinal cord of animals in a neuropathic pain model has not been investigated and characterized. In the present study, we observed an increase in the phosphorylated ERM in the spinal microglia following spared nerve injury. The intrathecal administration of lysophosphatidic acid induced the phosphorylation of ERM proteins in microglia along with the development of mechanical pain hypersensitivity. Intrathecal administration of ERM antisense locked nucleic acid suppressed nerve injury‐induced tactile allodynia and decreased the phosphorylation of ERM, but not the Iba1 staining pattern, in spinal glial cells. These findings suggest that lysophosphatidic acid induced the phosphorylation of ERM proteins in spinal microglia and may be involved in the emergence of neuropathic pain. These findings may underlie the pathological mechanisms of nerve injury‐induced neuropathic pain. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and Proton Dissociation Properties of Arylphosphonates: A Microwave‐Assisted Catalytic Arbuzov Reaction with Aryl Bromides
Authors: Keglevich György , Grün Alajos , Bölcskei Adrienn , Drahos László , Kraszni Márta , Balogh György T.
Published: October 2012

A series of substituted diethyl arylphosphonates was synthesized by the microwave‐assisted Arbuzov reaction of triethyl phosphite and aryl bromides in the presence of NiCl2 as the catalyst under solvent‐free conditions in good yields. The resulting phosphonates were hydrolyzed to the corresponding arylphosphonic acids whose acidity was evaluated by physicochemical methods.
Post‐processing hydrological ensemble predictions intercomparison experiment
Authors: van Andel Schalk Jan , Weerts Albrecht , Schaake John , Bogner Konrad
Published: October 2012

As part of this special issue on hydrological ensemble prediction systems, this paper reports on the intercomparison experiment for post‐processing techniques that has been initiated in 2011 by the International Community on Hydrologic Ensemble Predictions. The design of this intercomparison experiment and the data sets available are presented. The post‐processing methods that have been applied to date are listed and example results are shown. It is expected that through the exchange and joint verification and analysis of the post‐processing results, the intercomparison experiment will contribute to a fast improvement and applicability of post‐processing techniques. Readers are invited to join the intercomparison experiment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of Recognition of Face Parts from Unfamiliar Faces
Authors: Liu Shaoying , Anzures Gizelle , Ge Liezhong , Quinn Paul C. , Pascalis Olivier , Slater Alan M. , Tanaka James W. , Lee Kang
Published: October 2012

The present study examined developmental changes in the ability to recognize face parts. In Experiment 1, participants were familiarized with whole faces and given a recognition test with old and new eyes, noses, mouths, inner faces, outer faces, or whole faces. Adults were above chance in their recognition of the eye and mouth regions. However, children did not naturally encode and recognize face parts independently of the entire face. In addition, all age groups showed comparable inner and outer face recognition, except for 8‐ to 9‐year‐olds who showed a recognition advantage for outer faces. In Experiment 2, when participants were familiarized with eyes, noses, or mouths and tested with eyes, noses, or mouths, respectively, all ages showed above‐chance recognition of eyes and mouths. Thirteen‐ to 14‐year‐olds were adult‐like in their recognition of the eye region, but mouth recognition continued to develop beyond 14 years of age. Nose recognition was above chance among 13‐ to 14‐year‐olds, but recognition scores remained low even in adulthood. The present findings reveal unique developmental trajectories in the use of isolated facial regions in face recognition and suggest that featural cues (as a class) have a different ontogenetic course relative to holistic and configural cues. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cross‐border Insolvency Problems: Is the UNCITRAL Model Law the Answer?
Authors: Mohan S. Chandra
Published: October 2012

This paper examines the impact that the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Cross‐border Insolvency has had on States in the light of the central problems often associated with transnational insolvencies. Despite the accolades that it has received, the Model Law has been adopted in only 19 countries in the last 15 years and that too in many different ways. If the number of adoptees and the rather conditional acceptance of the Model Law's provisions represent a lack of international enthusiasm for adopting the Model Law, what are the reasons for this? The paper concludes by asking whether the UNCITRAL Model Law presently has a future in dealing with cross‐border insolvencies. Copyright © 2012 INSOL International and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Myelodysplastic syndrome hematopoietic stem cell
Authors: Li June
Published: October 2012

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are clonal hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) malignancies that are characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and frequent progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Thus far, few treatments can actually alter the natural history of this disease. Allogeneic stem‐cell transplantation for high‐risk MDS is becoming the only curative therapy probably because of the improvement of bone marrow transplant procedures. The lack of other options underscores the urgent need to develop new therapy. The prevailing model suggests that genetic and/or epigenetic alterations that occur in HSCs or HSC niche compromise HSC function, resulting in MDS; therefore, MDS HSCs are likely the ideal targets for MDS treatment. Recent encouraging advances—capturing a molecular portrait of the whole genome of MDS CD34+ cells, including identifying altered signaling pathways and altered microRNAs—have improved our understanding of MDS pathogenesis and provided novel potential clinical targets for MDS. Here, I will briefly review the characteristics of MDS HSCs and discuss the therapeutic promise of targeting MDS HSCs.