bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ventilação não invasiva na capacidade funcional de cardiopatas com fração de ejeção ventricular normal
Authors: Silva Joelson Dos Santos , Cavalcante Ananília Regina Silva , Medeiros Nathalie Cortez Bezerra de , Gonçalves Carolina Taveira , Lopes Johnnatas Mikael , Mont’Alverne Daniela Gardano Bucharles , Christofoletti Gustavo , Magnani Karla Luciana
Published: May 2017

Introdução: A insuficiência cardíaca (IC) é um problema de saúde pública com altos níveis de morbimortalidade apresentando como sinais clínicos característicos a fadiga e dispneia precoce que geram limitações funcionais. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da ventilação não invasiva (VNI) na capacidade funcional de portadores de insuficiência cardíaca estável com fração de ejeção normal, avaliada através do teste da caminhada de seis minutos em esteira (TC6est). Métodos: Após a avaliação das provas de função pulmonar, os pacientes com IC estudados foram submetidos aos seguintes testes: 3 TC6est (uso prévio da VNI por 30 minutos, com uso da VNI durante o teste e sem uso da VNI) e a um teste de caminhada de 6 minutos em solo (TC6’). Nós comparamos a distância percorrida e variáveis cardiorrespiratórias: antes, durante e após os testes da caminhada. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 13 pacientes com IC classe funcional II e III (NYHA). Na prova de função pulmonar 3 participantes apresentaram distúrbio ventilatório restritivo e 8 pacientes apresentaram redução das pressões respiratórias máximas. Não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significativa na distância percorrida entre os quatro testes realizados (p=0,986). Na análise das variáveis cardiorrespiratórias durante os 3 TC6est pôde-se observar apenas diferença estatística significativa na frequência respiratória no sexto minuto (f6’) entre os testes de 30’ antes de VNI X VNI durante (p=0,026), sendo inferior no teste com a aplicação de VNI durante. Conclusão: Apesar do comprometimento da capacidade funcional e da função pulmonar, os portadores de insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção normal estudados não tiveram aumento da distância percorrida no teste de caminhada em esteira com a utilização do suporte ventilatório não–invasivo.
Qualidade de vida de praticantes de Pilates e de sedentários
Authors: Zen Júlia Marmitt , Rempel Claudete , Grave Magali Teresinha Quevedo
Published: May 2017

Introdução: Qualidade de vida (QV) inclui condições que afetam a percepção do indivíduo, seus sentimentos e comportamentos e abrange fatores físicos, psíquicos, relações sociais, independência, crenças e meio ambiente. Objetivo: Avaliar e comparar a QV de praticantes do método Pilates e de indivíduos sedentários. Método: Utilizou-se questionário de perfil, Escala Visual da Dor (EVA) e avaliação da QV por meio do WHOQOL-Bref. Participaram 200 indivíduos (100 praticantes de Pilates/Grupo 1 e 100 sedentários/Grupo 2). Resultados: A média dos escores de QV no Grupo 1 foi maior em todos os domínios avaliados quando comparado ao Grupo 2. O Grupo 1 obteve menor escore na EVA. Há correlação negativa regular e significativa entre o total de dor referida e a QV nos aspectos físico e psicológico nos dois grupos. Conclusão: Houve diferença estatística significativa na QV dos sedentários e praticantes de Pilates, sendo estes com maior QV.
Zumbido crônico: estudo em indivíduos com e sem perda auditiva
Authors: Benin Lilian , Teixeira Adriane Ribeiro , Lessa Alexandre Hundertmarck , Rosito Letícia Petersen Schmidt , Walbrohel Ícaro , Picinini Taís , Neves Camila Zander , Soares Renata Silva , Dall'Igna Celso
Published: May 2017

Introdução: O zumbido pode estar presente em indivíduos com audição normal. Objetivo: Analisar e comparar o zumbido e o incômodo provocado em indivíduos com e sem perda auditiva. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por pacientes que apresentaram zumbido crônico, com audição normal ou perda auditiva. A avaliação foi feita por médico otorrinolaringologista e fonoaudiólogo (avaliação audiológica e questionário Tinittus Handicap Inventory –THI). Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 50 indivíduos com zumbido crônico, divididos em dois grupos (com e sem perda auditiva). As idades variaram entre 29 e 69 anos (média 52,50±9,64 anos). Os grupos eram semelhantes quanto à sexo, idade e localização do zumbido, diferenciando-se somente no que se refere a presença de perda auditiva. Em relação à pontuação no THI, encontrou-se diferença entre os grupos nas escalas funcional, emocional e no THI total. A acufenometria evidenciou diferença entre os grupos no pitch e loudness do zumbido. Conclusão: Indivíduos com perda auditiva apresentaram pontuação maior na escala funcional e emocional, assim como no somatório total do questionário THI evidenciando maior incômodo provocado pelo zumbido. Além disso, o zumbido em tais indivíduos apresentou pitch mais agudo e loudness maior do que encontrados nos indivíduos sem perda auditiva.
Desempenho de idosos em simulador de direção e cognição
Authors: Vasques Adriana Machado , Portuguez Mirna Wetters , Pinho Márcio Sarroglia , Becker Thomas Lerótic , Radaelli Graciane
Published: May 2017

Introdução: Dirigir automóvel é importante para manter a independência, autonomia e qualidade de vida e requer a integridade das funções cognitivas, as quais tendem a diminuir com o envelhecimento, podendo interferir nas habilidades necessárias para a direção segura. Testes neuropsicológicos permitem detectar deficiências cognitivas e junto com o uso de simuladores de direção podem auxiliar a identificar o risco de acidentes e infrações. Objetivo: Investigar a relação entre o desempenho de idosos em um simulador de direção e em testes cognitivos. Métodos: Trinta e quatro condutores com mais de 65 anos foram submetidos a exercícios em um simulador de direção e avaliados cognitivamente. Resultados: Contatou-se associação entre o desempenho nas tarefas no simulador e o funcionamento cognitivo. Conclusão: O uso de testes cognitivos, em especial os que avaliam atenção e memória revelam-se promissores na identificação de idosos que possam apresentar problemas no trânsito.
Wojna w erze nuklearnej. Rozważania cywilów i wojskowych na temat bomby atomowej i skutków jej użycia
Authors: Olzacka Elżbieta
Published: May 2017

The article discusses the issue of development of views on an atomic bomb and a nuclear
war created by scientists, politicians, military commanders, as well as civilian strategists,
starting from the vision of an atomic bomb as a herald of the New Deal, social and political,
till the American military plans of a nuclear attack on hundreds of targets in the Soviet Union. The aim of the study is to demonstrate that the nuclear revolution which involved
not only to military matters, but also strategy, international policy or war ethics was primarily
linked to, apart from new technology, the idea of the future nuclear war and how its range,
course and consequences were imagined.
Ciało w stanie rozpadu. Doświadczenie bomby atomowej w relacjach hibakusha
Authors: Szarecki Artur
Published: May 2017

The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 are a symbolic source of all
later views on a nuclear holocaust. The specificity of the Japanese narratives, however,
lies in the fact that they take the first-person form, and thus they give a direct testimony of
the individuals’ experience. In the article I refer to the personal accounts of the victims
of the atomic bomb (the so-called hibakusha) to prove that corporeality is employed in
them as the primary category of description, and functions as the existential ground on
which both the horror of the explosion is constructed, and the collapse of the “world of life”
of the community is experienced.
„Teraz nic nie wiadomo”. Apokalipsa niespełniona w Stacji Abbesses Stefanii Zahorskiej
Authors: Osiński Jakub
Published: May 2017

The article undertakes the analysis of social views on an atomic bomb in Stacja Abbesses
by Stefania Zahorska. The author refers to the political context and proves that the forgotten
short story is a literary voice of reason in the post-war discussion held in exile on the possibility
of the outbreak of a new world conflict. However, this is also a fascinating record of
the post-war state of the social consciousness of the nuclear threat, its course, effects etc.,
which can be regarded as the second thesis of the article.
Radiofobia w świecie plotki. Katastrofa w Czarnobylu a wybuchy paniki we współczesnej Polsce
Authors: Rosiak-Zięba Ewa
Published: May 2017

In this paper I examine traces of radiophobia in gossips as a manifestation of culture
in the shadow of an atomic bomb. This study aims to recognize main social functions of this
kind of folktales. The field of research is narrowed down mainly to folktales disseminated
in Poland. The methods employed during an investigation include an analysis of narratives
published in the Internet and newspaper news. The study shows that some of these gossips
provide both simplified records of past experience of humanity in the field of nuclear energy,
and certain guidelines helping to cope with basic risks involved.
Kto rzucił butem w pulpit sterowniczy?!”, czyli atom w krzywym zwierciadle humoru (na materiale tekstów polskich, rosyjskich i czeskich)
Authors: Gołębiowska-Suchorska Agnieszka
Published: May 2017

The article presents an analysis of humorous genres of contemporary Polish, Russian
and Czech folklore (jokes, sadistic poems, chastushka), inspired by real or anticipated tragic
events related to the use of nuclear energy. The purpose of comparing the texts in three
languages was to identify common or different motivations which contributed to writing the
texts of atomic humour in the countries with various degrees of advancement of nuclear
weapons. The analysis is based on the texts of jokes (approx. 200) found in the Internet
(the Polish, Russian and Czech servers), materials spread through spoken communication,
and non-serial publications. The analysis proved that the fear motivating the atomic jokes is
not caused by the fear of the atomic technology itself, but by the fear of irresponsible people
and irreversibility of their unreasonable actions.
Spatial Distribution and Trends of Fertility Differentials in Toba Tek Singh District, Punjab-Pakistan
Authors: Aneela Arshad  , Safdar Ali Shirazi  , Sumaira Kausar  , Muhammad Nasar u Minallah  , Saadia Sultan Wahla
Published: May 2017

This study examines socio-economic and demographic factors as fertility differentials and draws conclusions upon data collected from some selected rural and urban localities of Toba Tek Sing-Punjab. The analysis carried to examine change in fertility trends and preferences in relation to children ever born to currently married women. The ideal family size from the both localities is 3.98 which, is still reckoned high as compared to the (NGRP) National Growth Rate in Pakistan which is 3.80. The dependent variable is reproductive preference measured by a single indicator- ideal no. of children and gender in both urban and rural localities as same study was conducted by National Institute of Population Studies (NIPS) in 1990-91 and 2006-07. In Pakistan number of demographic surveys has revealed that woman of reproductive age generally prefer more children than their own preferred family size. The aim of this study is to contribute into the existing literature on the geographical patterns of fertility differentials in a district of the Punjab. This will help planners to formulate more effective fertility related policies and programmes in the country. This is also a continuum of DHS conducted in mid 1980s to elaborate fertility patterns among married couples. The goal is to dig deeper into the relationship between education and fertility has been a central focus within demography and related social sciences. Higher education is associated with higher age at first birth and lower number of children discussed the implication of findings in the context of policy framework to enhance the public awareness about the small family in context with high quality life. Higher fertility in a country like Pakistan is rooted in cultural believes about children and number, pre-natal control measures should be targeted more at women attitude to large family. This is to provide policy makers with an understanding of the potential demand for fertility control and help in formulating policies to reduce fertility and improve socio-economic climate of the district.
Variation in Meteorological Parameters Over Pakistan during April 2014
Authors: Jahanzeb Qureshi  , Amer Masood  , Waqas Shafi  , M. Abrar Hussain  , Syed Amer Mahmood
Published: May 2017

In this study we investigated the meteorological data comprising temperature, dew point, humidity and mean sea level for four major cities of Pakistan (Karachi, Multan, Lahore and Peshawar) on varying latitudes from 25°N to 34°N. These cities are selected to study the variation of coastal, southern, central and northern parts of Pakistan and different variations are observed in ranges i.e difference between lowest and highest values. A clear variation in ranges of meteorological parameters are investigated for these cities to validate this research. This variation in meteorological parameters is because of climate change due to flow of high moisture laden winds from Arabian sea towards Karachi coast in the south. The results obtained regarding dew point temperature, moisture content and atmospheric pressure in the southern city of Karachi represent low values instead of high. As a result, Karachi has different climatic patterns as a coastal city than other areas which are continental in climatic effects.
Alkohol og Relationalitet: Social Smitte som Animistisk Fænomen i Sibirien
Authors: Nielsen Jeanette Lykkegård
Published: May 2017

Fænomenet social smitte undersøges gennem en animistisk ramme, hvori agenter såsom ånder skal forstås som reelle verdslige væsner med konkret indflydelse på menneskers liv. Artiklens omdrejningspunkt er et problemfyldt  alkoholmisbrug i landsbyen Achaivayam i det nordlige Kamchatka, Russisk Fjernøsten og spredning heraf. Forståelsen af socialitet og sygdomme som et socialt fænomen udvides, hvorved der åbnes op for nye måder at forstå ikke-smitsomme sygdommes evne til at smitte og spredes. Alcohol and Relationality: Social Contagion as an Animistic Phenomenon in Siberia The phenomenon of ’social contagion’ is explored through an animistic framework, in which agents, such as spirits, are to be understood as real beings with tangible effects on people’s lives. The article revolves around a problematic alcohol abuse and it’s spreading in the village of Achaivayam in Northern Kamchatka, Russian Far-East. The understanding of sociality as well as illness and disease as a social phenomenon is extended, thereby opening up for new ways of understanding the ability of ’non-communicable’ diseases to communicate and spread.
Traumer og ånder efter krig i Uganda: Konfigurationer af vold og behandling
Authors: Williams Lars Hedegaard , Meinert Lotte
Published: May 2017

I kølvandet på 20 års borgerkrig i det nordlige Uganda fulgte en bølge af traumer, onde ånder og vold, som fortsat forpester livet og fordrer handling. Brutaliteten og de mange ubegravede lig som krigen efterlod, opleves af mange som årsag til forskellige former for åndelig og social kontaminering. I en biomedicinsk forståelse beskrives forstyrrelserne som Post Traumatisk Stress Syndrom (PTSD), hos de traditionelle behandlere (ajwaki) kaldes fænomenerne cen, og i kirkerne betragtes problemerne som djævlens værk. Der er bred enighed mellem de forskellige tilgange om, at noget er galt, og folk lider herunder, men de varierende begrebsliggørelser af problemerne peger mod forskellige handlemuligheder. Igennem en fyldig skildring af en enkelt case analyserer vi disse problemer og behandlingsformer med begreber om social smitte, kontaminering, og konfigurationer. Vi argumenterer med begrebet konfiguration for, at problemer med traumer og ånder både konstitueres af krigens vold og de forskelligartede, men begrænsede behandlingsmuligheder, som er tilgængelig i det nordlige Uganda i dag.Trauma and spirits after war in Uganda: Configurations of violence and treatmentIn the aftermath of 20 years of civil war in northern Uganda lives in the Acholi-region are still polluted by trauma, evil spirits and violence. The brutality and the many unburied bodies left behind by the war are experienced by many as the reason for a variety of forms of social and spiritual pollution. These maladies are understood as PTSD in biomedical terms, as the spirit possession cen by local, traditional healers and as the work of the devil within the many churches. There is a broader agreement between these different positions that something is wrong and that families and individuals are suffering, but the variety of conceptualizations of the problems point towards different paths of action. In presenting an analysis of these problems and forms of treatment, by applying the concepts of social contagion, contamination and configurations.  We argue with the concept of configuration, that problems with trauma and spirits are constituted both by the violence of the war and the various, but limited treatment options that are available in northern Uganda today.
En metode der gives videre: Jeppe Rønde om sin film Bridgend og bølger af selvmord i Wales
Authors: Grøn Lone , Meinert Lotte
Published: May 2017

I 2008 læser den danske filminstruktør Jeppe Rønde i Politiken om en epidemi af selvmord blandt unge i byen Bridgend i Wales. Igennem fem år besøger han byen og kommer tæt på den gruppe af unge, hvori selvmordene foregår, samtidig med at han løbende omsætter denne research til et filmmanuskript. Det er der kommet en rystende barsk og smuk film ud af, som ikke giver lette forklaringer på selvmordsbølgen eller epidemien, men som giver en indsigt i det uforklarlige og processer omkring social smitte, som det opleves af de involverede. Lone Grøn så filmen i foråret 2015 og blev slået af de sammenfald, der var mellem Jeppe Røndes perspektiv på selvmordsepidemien og forsøget på at udvikle en fænomenologi om social smitte, som hun selv og Lotte Meinert var i gang med sammen med forskere fra USC og UCLA, Los Angeles (Meinert og Grøn in press). Dette sammenfald skyldes sandsynligvis Røndes tilgang, der minder om det etnografiske feltarbejde. Gennem fem år fulgte han den gruppe af unge, hvori selvmordene foregik, og han skildrer i filmen begivenhederne solidarisk fra deres perspektiv. Men der er også andre sammenfald mellem de antropologiske pointer, som Meinert og Grøn fremhæver i deres fænomenologiske analyser (ibid) og Jeppe Røndes film. En fællesnævner er ubestemtheden i kausale relationer. Jeppe Rønde afviser både i interviewet og i filmen, at besvare spørgsmålet om hvorfor selvmordene skete med et enkelt svar. Men som i Meinert og Grøns fænomenologi omkring social smitte spiller relationer en central rolle: Familierelationer og venskabsrelationer - både dem, der udleves og definerer os, og dem, der glimrer ved deres fravær – er afgørende i forståelsen af dynamikker omkring udbredelsen af selvmord. Sidst spiller omgivelserne, landskabet, udkantsbeliggenheden en stor rolle i Røndes film. Den måde, hvorpå omgivelser kan sive ind i mennesker og relationer, er noget, som også bliver fremhævet gennem Meinert og Grøns brug af begrebet social kontaminering.Lone Grøn mødte Jeppe Rønde til en samtale for at høre hans egne ord og overvejelser om social smitte. Samtalen kom til at handle om det ubegribelige, om ordenes magt, om at miste sig selv i andre, om landskabet som aktør. Og om vigtigheden af at tale åbent om selvmord. Vi viderebringer her interviewet i en let redigeret form, i håbet om at bibeholde det perspektiv en kunstner kan give på social smitte og for at sætte fingeren på noget af det, som kan være problematisk ved at italesætte sådanne fænomener.
Breaking down hierarchies of decision-making in primates
Authors: Hyafil Alexandre , Moreno-Bote Rubén
Published: May 2017

Possible options in a decision often organize as a hierarchy of subdecisions. A recent study concluded that perceptual processes in primates mimic this hierarchical structure and perform subdecisions in parallel. We argue that a flat model that directly selects between final choices accounts more parsimoniously for the reported behavioral and neural data. Critically, a flat model is characterized by decision signals integrating evidence at different hierarchical levels, in agreement with neural recordings showing this integration in localized neural populations. Our results point to the role of experience for building integrated perceptual categories where sensory evidence is merged prior to decision.
A diverse host thrombospondin-type-1 repeat protein repertoire promotes symbiont colonization during establishment of cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis
Authors: Neubauer Emilie-Fleur , Poole Angela Z , Neubauer Philipp , Detournay Olivier , Tan Kenneth , Davy Simon K , Weis Virginia M
Published: May 2017

The mutualistic endosymbiosis between cnidarians and dinoflagellates is mediated by complex inter-partner signaling events, where the host cnidarian innate immune system plays a crucial role in recognition and regulation of symbionts. To date, little is known about the diversity of thrombospondin-type-1 repeat (TSR) domain proteins in basal metazoans or their potential role in regulation of cnidarian-dinoflagellate mutualisms. We reveal a large and diverse repertoire of TSR proteins in seven anthozoan species, and show that in the model sea anemone Aiptasia pallida the TSR domain promotes colonization of the host by the symbiotic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium minutum. Blocking TSR domains led to decreased colonization success, while adding exogenous TSRs resulted in a ‘super colonization’. Furthermore, gene expression of TSR proteins was highest at early time-points during symbiosis establishment. Our work characterizes the diversity of cnidarian TSR proteins and provides evidence that these proteins play an important role in the establishment of cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis.
The Lāhainā Wildfires and ‘Āina Connectedness in the Face of Climate Disasters
Authors: Taparra Kekoa , Faust Jeremy Samuel , Batangan Kauanoe
Published: October 2024

This Viewpoint examines the disaster response and climate health concepts following the 2023 Lāhainā wildfires in Maui through the perspective of Native Hawaiian leaders and health care workers.
Smoking Habits Following Cancer Diagnosis and Heart Failure
Authors: Lee Hyeok-Hee , Jiang Changchuan , Bhatt Deepak L. , Kim Hyeon Chang , Lee Hokyou
Published: October 2024

This cohort study examines the risk of heart failure in patients by smoking status after diagnosis of cancer.
Enhancing stereotactic ablative boost radiotherapy dose prediction for bulky lung cancer: A multi‐scale dilated network approach with scale‐balanced structure loss
Authors: Huang Lei , Gao Xianshu , Li Yue , Lyu Feng , Gao Yan , Bai Yun , Ma Mingwei , Liu Siwei , Chen Jiayan , Ren Xueying , Shang Shiyu , Ding Xuanfeng
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Partial stereotactic ablative boost radiotherapy (P‐SABR) effectively treats bulky lung cancer; however, the planning process for P‐SABR requires repeated dose calculations. To improve planning efficiency, we proposed a novel deep learning method that utilizes limited data to accurately predict the three‐dimensional (3D) dose distribution of the P‐SABR plan for bulky lung cancer.

Methods

We utilized data on 74 patients diagnosed with bulky lung cancer who received P‐SABR treatment. The patient dataset was randomly divided into a training set (51 plans) with augmentation, validation set (7 plans), and testing set (16 plans). We devised a 3D multi‐scale dilated network (MD‐Net) and integrated a scale‐balanced structure loss into the loss function. A comparative analysis with a classical network and other advanced networks with multi‐scale analysis capabilities and other loss functions was conducted based on the dose distributions in terms of the axial view, average dose scores (ADSs), and average absolute differences of dosimetric indices (AADDIs). Finally, we analyzed the predicted dosimetric indices against the ground‐truth values and compared the predicted dose‐volume histogram (DVH) with the ground‐truth DVH.

Results

Our proposed dose prediction method for P‐SABR plans for bulky lung cancer demonstrated strong performance, exhibiting a significant improvement in predicting multiple indicators of regions of interest (ROIs), particularly the gross target volume (GTV). Our network demonstrated increased accuracy in most dosimetric indices and dose scores in different ROIs. The proposed loss function significantly enhanced the predictive performance of the dosimetric indices. The predicted dosimetric indices and DVHs were equivalent to the ground‐truth values.

Conclusion

Our study presents an effective model based on limited datasets, and it exhibits high accuracy in the dose prediction of P‐SABR plans for bulky lung cancer. This method has potential as an automated tool for P‐SABR planning and can help optimize treatments and improve planning efficiency.
The Relationship Between Anti–Cell Division Cycle and Apoptosis Regulator 1 Autoantibodies, Anti‐Sp4 Autoantibodies, and Cancer in Anti–Transcription Intermediary Factor 1γ–Positive Dermatomyositis
Authors: Mecoli Christopher A. , Fiorentino David , Albayda Jemima , Paik Julie J. , Tiniakou Eleni , Adler Brittany , Mammen Andrew L. , Christopher‐Stine Lisa , Rosen Antony , Casciola‐Rosen Livia
Published: October 2024

Objective

The objective of this study was to describe the frequency, co‐occurrence, and cancer association of anti–cell division cycle and apoptosis regulator 1 (anti‐CCAR1) and anti‐Sp4 in two large independent adult dermatomyositis (DM) cohorts.

Methods

Anti–transcription intermediary factor 1γ (anti‐TIF1γ)–positive patients with DM from two independent cohorts were studied to determine the serologic overlap of anti‐CCAR1 and anti‐Sp4 autoantibodies measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Associations between cancer‐associated myositis (CAM) and antibody‐defined subgroups within anti‐TIF1γ–positive patients with DM were determined.

Results

A total of 305 anti‐TIF1γ–positive patients with DM were studied: 169 patients from Johns Hopkins and 136 patients from Stanford. In each cohort, approximately one‐third of anti‐TIF1γ–positive patients with DM were anti‐Sp4 positive, one‐third were anti‐CCAR1 positive, 20% were positive for both, and half of patients were negative for both. There was a strong association with CAM in patients lacking both these antibodies (Johns Hopkins, odds ratio [OR] 12.9 [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.6–89.5]; Stanford, OR 4.5 [95% CI 1.8–13.2]). The strongest negative association with CAM was found in patients with anti‐Sp4 or anti‐CCAR1 (Johns Hopkins, OR 0.07 [95% CI 0.01–0.27]; Stanford, OR 0.22 [95% CI 0.07–0.55]).

Conclusion

Both anti‐Sp4 and anti‐CCAR1 autoantibody subgroups are negatively associated with CAM. Although the magnitude of this association is substantial, cancer occasionally occurs in patients positive for either specificity. Conversely, approximately half of anti‐TIF1γ–positive patients with DM are negative for both antibodies (anti‐Sp4/anti‐CCAR1 negative), and thus this subgroup may warrant more intensive cancer surveillance.
Dendrite‐Free Zn Anode Modified with Prussian Blue Analog for Ultra Long‐Life Zn‐Ion Capacitors
Authors: Tong Hao , Wu Cunqi , Deng Yuxue , Li Lei , Guan Chunyan , Tao Zheng , Fang Jiahao , Yao Tengyu , Xu Zhenming , Zhang Xiaogang , Shen Laifa
Published: October 2024

The main challenge for aqueous zinc‐ion capacitors is the low stability of zinc anode. In this study, a Prussian blue analog (PBA) has been coated on the surface of zinc foil to create an inorganic protective layer. This layer features a three‐dimensional open microporous structure, which not only endows it with excellent pseudocapacitive properties but also serves as an effective barrier against dendrite growth. The presence of PBA coating can increase the nucleation point of zinc ions and provide a low‐energy barrier for the rapid migration of zinc ions. Hence, the PBA@Zn ||PBA@Zn symmetric cell exhibits exceptional cycling stability, enduring over 1400 h of operation at a current density of 1 mA cm−2 and a capacity of 1 mAh cm−2. The PBA@Zn||AC capacitor demonstrated a discharge capacity of 46.23 mAh g−1 after 10 000 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1, with a capacity retention of 92.41%, whereas the discharge capacity of Zn||AC capacitor is only 16.02 mAh g−1, with a capacity retention of 23.13%. The PBA@Zn||AC capacitor exhibited remarkable endurance and stability, retaining a substantial discharge capacity of 32.7 mAh g−1 after 10 000 cycles at 10 A g−1. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations also show that PBA has a strong interaction with Zn and exhibits superior zincophilic ability. This study reports industrially applicable low‐cost Prussian blue analogs as artificial interfacial protective layers for improving the cycling stability of zinc anode with a low‐energy barrier for rapid migration of zinc ions especially at high current density.
Advanced (Cu,Co)Se2 Nanocubes and Ti‐MXene Based Screen Printed Electrodes for High Performance Flexible Microsupercapacitors
Authors: Balan Balakrishnan , Ramasamy Senthilkumar , Rajendra Saradh Prasad , AlSalhi Mohamad S. , Angaiah Subramania
Published: October 2024

Nowadays, the demand for portable micro‐energy storage devices with high energy density and scalable printing with cost‐effective fabrication for microsupercapacitors (MSC) are essential. Furthermore, the urgent need for this high‐performance MSC to meet all industrial sector requirements are very challenging. Herein, the screen printable MSC with high energy density is demonstrated by using copper hexacyanocobaltate (CuHCCo) derived (Cu,Co)Se2 nanocubes as the positive electrode and Ti‐MXene (Ti3C2Tx) as the negative electrode. The prepared battery type (Cu,Co)Se2 nanocubes greatly enhance the high electrochemical activity and active surface area. As a result, it delivers a high specific capacity of 602 C g−1 at the current density of 1 A g−1. The fabricated screen printable asymmetric MSC has enhanced ion‐to‐electron transfer in printable microelectrodes with numerous electrochemical active sites and delivered the high areal capacitance of 58 mA cm−2 at the current density of 1 mA cm−2 with a wide potential window. The device gives a high energy density of 8.06 µWh cm−2 and a high power density of 5 mW cm−2. These results demonstrate the new strategies of fabricating electrode materials in screen printable asymmetric MSC and show promising in microscale energy storage devices in the miniaturized devices with sustainable self‐powered compatibility.
Electrode and Electrolyte Design Strategies Toward Fast‐Charging Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Jianwei , Guo Changyuan , Tao Lijuan , Meng Jiashen , Xu Xiaoming , Liu Fang , Wang Xuanpeng
Published: October 2024

Fast‐charging lithium‐ion batteries are pivotal in overcoming the limitations of energy storage devices, particularly their energy density. There is a burgeoning interest in boosting energy storage performance through enhanced fast‐charging capabilities. However, the challenge lies in developing batteries that combine high rates, long cycle life, high capacity, and safety. This review emphasizes the importance of fundamentals and design principles of fast charging, identifying the transport of ion/electron within the electrodes/electrolytes' bulk phase and at phase boundaries as the crucial rate‐limiting steps for fast charging. Such as ion transport tunnel regulation, interfacial modification, defect engineering and multiphase systems, various optimization strategies improve the stable and exceptional electrochemical reaction kinetics for electrodes. Constructing stable solid electrolyte interfaces and adjusting solvation structures further enhance the Li+ diffusion kinetics of electrolytes. The review critically assesses the impacts and limitations of these strategies, suggesting future research directions and insights for advancing fast‐charging lithium‐ion batteries. It is anticipated that this review will inspire and guide the systematic evolution of fast‐charging technologies.
Integrated Piezoelectric Vascular Graft for Continuous Real‐Time Hemodynamics Monitoring
Authors: Ma Zhiqiang , Jia Weibin , Zhang Jing , He Xingdao , Liu Shiyuan , Hilal Mohamed Elhousseini , Zhou Xiang , Yang Zhengbao , Chen Zonggang , Shi Peng , Khoo Bee Luan
Published: October 2024

Vascular grafts, widely utilized in managing cardiovascular diseases (CVD), are susceptible to postoperative complications. Recent strides in intelligent vascular grafts leveraging flexible bioelectronics enable hemodynamic and vascular health monitoring. However, their practical application faces challenges, notably biomechanical compatibility and endothelialization. Here, an all‐in‐one piezoelectric vascular graft (PVG) constructed by encapsulating a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofiber mat with patterned silver nanowire (AgNW) electrodes between two layers of polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofiber mats is presented. The meticulously optimized PVG, featuring PVDF and PCL nanofibers with average diameters of ≈950 and 250 nm, respectively, showcases remarkable endothelialization and mechanical performance akin to native blood vessels. The exquisite piezoelectric properties of PVDF nanofibers imbue PVG with outstanding mechanical sensing capabilities, boasting a sensitivity of 11 mV kPa−1 and stability exceeding 50 000 cycles, facilitating precise hemodynamic monitoring. Notably, artificial artery model tests demonstrate PVG's ability to diagnose vascular health status accurately based on detected hemodynamic data. Furthermore, the developed PVG exhibits nontoxicity, good hemocompatibility (hemolytic ratio < 1%), and histocompatibility. This pioneering technology, validated through ex vivo and in vivo experiments, represents a significant stride in precise vascular health management, unlocking diverse potential applications.
Strategic Approaches in Generation of Robust Microphysiological 3D Musculoskeletal Tissue System
Authors: Kim Jaesang , Kim In U , Lee Zhuo Feng , Sim Gi‐Dong , Jeon Jessie S.
Published: October 2024

Skeletal muscle plays a vital role in maintaining the body's shape and regulating various physiological processes. Its function is influenced by a multitude of factors. Given the lack of uniformity in prior research regarding the size and placement of structural pillars within the chip, as well as the choice of cell‐laden hydrogel components with various densities of extracellular matrix, in different gelation times, and cell densities, a meticulous investigation is conducted to enhance the robustness of 3D in vitro musculoskeletal tissues. This study provides guidance on how to optimize the design parameters of skeletal muscle‐on‐a‐chip and hydrogel recipe by evaluating the impact of design elements and hydrogel fabrication conditions on tissue formation and musculoskeletal differentiation. This research reports the direct evidence of mechanical properties of hydrogels are critical in influencing cellular differentiation and tissue functionality through the process of mechanotransduction. The study highlights the importance of standardizing experimental conditions in 3D in vitro musculoskeletal research, and presents a validated framework as a foundation to aid in the development of functional musculoskeletal tissue for clinical and research applications, including disease modeling and regenerative therapies.
Light‐State Rectification Behaviors Induced by Interlayer Excitons in Mixed‐Dimensional Single‐Crystalline Perovskite Heterostructures
Authors: Hong Enliu , Li Ziqing , Zhang Xinglong , Fang Xiaosheng
Published: October 2024

Stacking different layers into van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) provides an attractive approach to integrating intrinsic prominent properties of the constituents. Mixed‐dimensional vdWHs that can interact with external fields are particularly intriguing because they host interlayer excitons (IXs) and thereby exhibiting rich physical phenomena and novel device behaviors. However, previous studies of IXs have primarily focused on TMDs systems, leaving the excitonic phenomena and correlated physics in perovskite heterostructures poorly understood. Here, the 2D‐3D ((BA)2PbBr4‐CsPbBr3) single‐crystalline perovskite vdWHs are designed to discover the modulation effects of IX states on the optical and optoelectronic properties. Interestingly, the vdWHs exhibit a newly emerging IXs emission at 546 nm and an obvious broadening phenomenon in FWHM. The vdWHs‐based photodetectors display novel light‐state rectification behaviors that can change the output photocurrents from fully off states to rectified states after illumination, resulting in a high rectification ratio up to 24342 and an obvious enhanced on/off ratio of 7000. The attractive results are attributed to the presence of IX states, which facilitate carrier hopping at the interfaces. This work establishes mixed‐dimensional single‐crystalline perovskite heterolayers as a highly adaptable platform for exciton research and applications.
Robust Metallized Liquid Crystal Elastomer Fiber Arrays Toward a Machine Learning‐Assisted Artificial Neuromuscular System with Perceptual Function
Authors: Zhu Chuang , Zhang Yajie , He Guanliang , Shi Yuze , Wu Yi , Yu Yingjia , Liu Xuqing
Published: October 2024

Endowing artificial muscles with perceptual function, as an octopus does, is highly desired but still suffering from interfacing mismatch between actuating and sensing units in a thin fiber. Herein, an artificial neuromuscular fiber capable of electrically responding to external strain/temperature and actuation path with power supply is reported by using polymer‐assisted metal deposition to firmly coat Cu nanoparticles on the surface of liquid crystal elastomer (LCE). The LCE core acts as an actuator, while the wrinkled Cu sheath provides environment interaction and actuation monitoring. Benefiting from the levodopa/polyethyleneimine interface design, this fiber exhibits large reversible contraction (47.61%), fast strain rate (370% s−1), high output power density (663.75 W kg−1) and reliable durability (1000 cycles) under electrical stimulation. Furthermore, by combining as‐made fiber arrays with electronic system and computing algorithm, this machine learning‐assisted artificial neuromuscular system can actuate the Chinese shadow puppetry and recognize its body movements with high accuracy. This work paves a revolutionary way for fabricating next‐generation flexible robots.
A Novelly Hierarchical LDHs−Based Cathode with Reduced Deprotonation Barrier Toward High−Performance Alkaline Energy Storage
Authors: Deng Xiaoyang , Wan Zihao , Zhang Yanxin , Xing Huan , Wang Xiaoguang , Zhao Naiqin
Published: October 2024

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are promising electrode materials for alkaline electrochemical energy storage (EES). However, their low capacity, sluggish rate performance, and limited cycle life significantly hinder practical applications. This study unlocks the direct deprotonation reaction pathway for LDH materials through theoretical calculations. Guided by this insight, a novelly hierarchical composite (LDH−TPA) with various dimensions and components is fabricated by introducing terephthalic acid (TPA), serving as a superior cathode material for alkaline EES devices. Experimental results and theoretical investigations reveal the transformation process for metal–organic framework quantum dots (MOF−QDs) and the enhanced mechanism of reaction kinetics in the LDH−TPA electrode. Benefiting from the reduced deprotonation barrier, optimized electronic structure, and fast electrons/ions transport rates, the LDH−TPA1 electrode demonstrates a high specific capacity of 267 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 and retains 167 mAh g−1 even at 20 A g−1, along with excellent cycling stability. Furthermore, an alkaline nickel−zinc battery (AZB) with LDH−TPA1 cathode is assembled, achieving a lifespan exceeding 3400 cycles, and a high energy density of 341.3 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1640.9 W kg−1. This study is expected to provide new insight into the modification of LDHs and the advancement of alkaline energy systems.
Environmentally Controlled Microfluidic System Enabling Immune Cell Flow and Activation in an Endothelialised Skin‐On‐Chip
Authors: Michielon Elisabetta , Boninsegna Matteo , Waaijman Taco , Fassini Dario , Spiekstra Sander W. , Cramer Jeremy , Gaudriault Pierre , Kodolányi János , de Gruijl Tanja D. , Homs‐Corbera Antoni , Gibbs Susan
Published: October 2024

Integration of reconstructed human skin (RhS) into organ‐on‐chip (OoC) platforms addresses current limitations imposed by static culturing. This innovation, however, is not without challenges. Microfluidic devices, while powerful, often encounter usability, robustness, and gas bubble issues that hinder large‐scale high‐throughput setups. This study aims to develop a novel re‐usable multi‐well microfluidic adaptor (MMA) with the objective to provide a flexible tool for biologists implementing complex 3D biological models (e.g., skin) while enabling simultaneous user control over temperature, medium flow, oxigen (O2), nitrogen (N2), and carbon dioxide (CO2) without the need for an incubator. The presented MMA device is designed to be compatible with standard, commercially available 6‐well multi‐well plates (6MWPs) and 12‐well transwells. This MMA‐6MWP setup is employed to generate a skin‐on‐chip (SoC). RhS viability is maintained under flow for three days and their morphology closely resembles that of native human skin. A proof‐of‐concept study demonstrates the system's potential in toxicology applications by combining endothelialised RhS with flowing immune cells. This dynamic setting activates the monocyte‐like MUTZ‐3 cells (CD83 and CD86 upregulation) upon topical exposure of RhS to a sensitizer, revealing the MMA‐6MWP's unique capabilities compared to static culturing, where such activation is absent.
Microenvironment‐Activatable Probe for Precise NIR‐II Monitoring and Synergistic Immunotherapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Liu Dongfang , Chen Wenwen , Tao Yongyou , Li Wen , Qi Ji
Published: October 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) represents an insidious autoimmune inflammatory disorder that severely lowers the life quality by progressively destructing joint functions and eventually causing permanent disability, posing a serious public health problem. Here, an advanced theranostic probe is introduced that integrates activatable second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) fluorescence imaging for precise RA diagnosis with multi‐pronged RA treatments. A novel molecular probe comprising a long‐wavelength aggregation‐induced emission unit and a manganese carbonyl cage motif is synthesized, which enables NIR‐II fluorescence activation and concurrently releasing therapeutic carbon monoxide (CO) gas in inflamed joint microenvironment. This molecular probe self‐assembles into a biocompatible nanoprobe, which is subsequently conjugated with anti‐IL‐6R antibody to afford active‐targeting ability of RA. The nanoprobe exhibits significant turn‐on NIR‐II fluorescence signal at the RA lesion, enabling highly sensitive RA diagnosis and real‐time therapeutic monitoring. The combination of ROS scavenging, on‐demand CO gas release, and IL‐6 signaling blockade results in potent therapeutic effect and synergistic immunomodulation impact, significantly alleviating the RA symptoms and preventing joint destruction. This research introduces a novel paradigm for the development of high‐performance, activatable theranostic strategies to facilitate precise detection and enhanced treatment of RA‐related diseases.
Rationally Designed Mo/Ru‐Based Multi‐Site Heterogeneous Electrocatalyst for Accelerated Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Hou Liqiang , Li Chuang , Jang Haeseong , Kim Min Gyu , Jiang Jian‐Zhong , Cho Jaephil , Liu Shangguo , Liu Xien
Published: October 2024

The rational design of multi‐site electrocatalysts with three different functions for facile H2O dissociation, H–H coupling, and rapid H2 release is desirable but difficult to achieve. This strategy can accelerate the sluggish kinetics of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under alkaline conditions. To resolve this issue, a Mo/Ru‐based catalyst with three different active sites (Ru/Mo2C/MoO2) is rationally designed and its performance in alkaline HER is evaluated. The experimental results and density functional theory calculations revealed that, at the heterogeneous Mo2C/MoO2 interface, the higher valence state of Mo (MoO2) and the lower valence state of Mo (Mo2C) exhibited strong OH− and H−binding energies, respectively, which accelerated H2O dissociation. Moreover, the interfacial Ru possessed an appropriate hydrogen binding energy for H–H coupling and subsequent H2 evolution. Thus, this catalyst significantly accelerated the Volmer step and the Tafel step and, consequently, HER kinetics. This catalyst also demonstrated low overpotentials of 19 and 160 mV at current densities of 10 and 1000 mA cm−2, respectively, in alkaline media and long‐term stability superior to that of most state‐of‐the‐art alkaline HER electrocatalysts. This work provides a rational design principle for advanced multi‐site catalytic systems, which can realize multi‐electron electrocatalytic reactions.
Light‐Driven, Reversible Spatiotemporal Control of Dynamic Covalent Polymers
Authors: Reisinger David , Sietmann Alexander , Das Ankita , Plutzar Sarah , Korotkov Roman , Rossegger Elisabeth , Walluch Matthias , Holler‐Stangl Stefan , Hofer Thomas S. , Dielmann Fabian , Glorius Frank , Schlögl Sandra
Published: October 2024

Dynamic covalent polymer networks exhibit a cross‐linked structure like conventional thermosets and elastomers, although their topology can be reorganized through externally triggered bond exchange reactions. This characteristic enables a unique combination of repairability, recyclability and dimensional stability, crucial for a sustainable industrial economy. Herein the application of a photoswitchable nitrogen superbase is reported for the spatially resolved and reversible control over dynamic bond exchange within a thiol‐ene photopolymer. By the exposure to UV or visible light, the associative exchange between thioester links and thiol groups is successfully gained control over, and thereby the macroscopic mechanical material properties, in a locally controlled manner. Consequently, the resulting reorganization of the global network topology enables to utilize this material for previously unrealizable advanced applications such as spatially resolved, reversible reshaping as well as micro‐imprinting over multiple steps. Finally, the presented concept contributes fundamentally to the evolution of dynamic polymers and provides universal applicability in covalent adaptable networks relying on a base‐catalyzed exchange mechanism.
High‐Performance Flexible Gas Sensor Using Natural Rubber/MXene Composite for Selective and Stable VOC Detection
Authors: Kong Na , Ren Ting , Yang Hui , Judicpa Mia Angela N. , Usman Ken Aldren S. , Zhao Xu , Shao Yanqiu , Razal Joselito M. , Tao Jinlong , Zhang Jizhen
Published: October 2024

Flexible gas sensors are gaining interest for real‐time volatile gas monitoring. A natural rubber (NR)/MXene nanocomposite sensor is developed. Among the six selected target volatile gases, the composite sensor exhibited a strong response value (82% toward 100 ppm NH3) with the fastest response/recovery time (12.3 s/15.5 s) to NH3. The sensitivity showed a clear dependence of gases, suggesting a good selectivity to varying gases. Ti3C2Tx MXene gas sensors exhibited a very low limit of detection of 50–100 ppb for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at room temperature. In addition, the NR/MXene sensor allows detection of the mixture of ammonia (NH3), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and acetone (C3H6O) and it shows good response depending on the total concentration of VOC gases. Furthermore, the flexible nanocomposite sensor exhibits stable sensing performance at different bending states (0‐120°) and shows 20‐day atmospheric stability. This sensor's ability extends to alcohol breath analysis, useful for drunk driving detection. This work paves the way to the possibility of using robust MXene‐based toward practical realization of electronic devices.