bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Catastrophic Evolution Law of Water and Mud Inrush in Water-Rich Fault Fracture Zone of Deep Buried Tunnel
Authors: Guo Yanhui , Li Shunyin , Mao Shilin , Song Qin , Zheng Lei , Yan Hang , Li Xiaoqiang , Niu Yong
Published: July 2024

To study the evolution law of water and mud inrush disasters in the fractured zones of water-rich faults in deep buried tunnels, a self-developed 3D physical model test system was used to conduct experimental research about the evolution process. Additionally, MIDAS GTS NX 2022 version was used to analyze the evolution laws of displacement, stress, pore water pressure, and seepage flow velocity during the excavation process. The findings indicate that in the model testing, tunnel excavation caused different changes in the stress magnitude of the surrounding rock at different positions. The pore water pressure increases correspondingly with the loading water pressure at the same location. The function relationship between the relative water pressure coefficient of any point in the outburst-prevention rock mass, and the vertical distance from that point to the upper boundary of the fault, was obtained through nonlinear fitting. In numerical simulation, excavation affects the vertical displacement of the arch vault more than the arch ring, while it has a greater impact on the horizontal displacement of the arch ring compared to the arch vault. The maximum and minimum principal stresses show significant changes; the pore water pressure at each monitoring point decreases with the increase in excavation distance. The flow velocity of seepage shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The research results can provide relevant references for the prevention of water and mud inrush disasters in fault areas.
Study on Seismic Performance of Steel Frame Installed New-Type Lightweight Concrete Composite Exterior Wallboard
Authors: Wang Xiuli , Sun Hao , Hou Yongqi , Li Yongqi
Published: July 2024

Given the widespread use of lightweight composite wall panels in building structures, it is crucial to comprehend their seismic performance. This paper proposes a new lightweight concrete composite exterior wallboard (LCEW) featuring truss-type thermal barrier connectors (TBCs). Through the proposed static test, the damage morphology and hysteresis curve of the specimen are obtained; the hysteresis characteristics, skeleton curve, stiffness degradation, etc., are investigated; and the damage modes are summarized. The results demonstrate that the steel frame structure can effectively adapt to the use of LCEW, resulting in an approximately 20% increase in the frame structure’s bearing capacity. Second, the wall panels with a uniform transverse arrangement of TBCs could not perform as well, as they could only delay the crack opening. To give full play to its effect, it should be combined with the direction of the main tensile zone of the wall panels. Meanwhile, the sliding gusset connections effectively released the frame action at the system level.
Facile Preparation of Attapulgite-Supported Ag-AgCl Composite Photocatalysts for Enhanced Degradation of Tetracycline
Authors: Zhang Xiaojie , Wang Huiqin , Yan Chenlong
Published: July 2024

In this study, Ag-AgCl/attapulgite (Ag-AgCl/ATP) composites were synthesized via a direct precipitation method using ATP nanorods as a catalyst supporter. ATP nanorods helped to increase the dispersion of Ag-AgCl particles and broaden the light absorption spectrum, which would also help to increase the active site of the catalyst to promote the degradation of tetracycline (TC). The photocatalytic activity of the Ag-AgCl/ATP composites was evaluated through the degradation of TC, identifying the loading amount of Ag-AgCl, the concentration of TC, and the reaction temperature as critical factors influencing activity. Specifically, the optimal conditions were observed when the loading of Ag-AgCl was 75%, resulting in a photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 77.65%. Furthermore, the highest degradation efficiency (85.01%) was achieved with a TC concentration of 20 mg/L at 20 °C. Radical trapping experiments suggested that the superoxide anion radical (·O2−) was the primary active species in the degradation process, although hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and holes (h+) also contributed. Reusability tests confirmed that the Ag-AgCl/ATP composites exhibited excellent stability and could be effectively reused.
1H and 31P Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Metabolomic Imaging: Assessing Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Inhibition in Melanoma
Authors: Gupta Pradeep Kumar , Orlovskiy Stepan , Arias-Mendoza Fernando , Nelson David S. , Nath Kavindra
Published: July 2024

The MAPK signaling pathway with BRAF mutations has been shown to drive the pathogenesis of 40–60% of melanomas. Inhibitors of this pathway’s BRAF and MEK components are currently used to treat these malignancies. However, responses to these treatments are not always successful. Therefore, identifying noninvasive biomarkers to predict treatment responses is essential for personalized medicine in melanoma. Using noninvasive 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS), we previously showed that BRAF inhibition reduces lactate and alanine tumor levels in the early stages of effective therapy and could be considered as metabolic imaging biomarkers for drug response. The present work demonstrates that these metabolic changes observed by 1H MRS and those assessed by 31P MRS are also found in preclinical human melanoma models treated with MEK inhibitors. Apart from 1H and 31P MRS, additional supporting in vitro biochemical analyses are described. Our results indicate significant early metabolic correlations with response levels to MEK inhibition in the melanoma models and are consistent with our previous study of BRAF inhibition. Given these results, our study supports the potential clinical utility of noninvasive MRS to objectively image metabolic biomarkers for the early prediction of melanoma’s response to MEK inhibition.
Importance of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Applied to Congenital Heart Diseases in Pediatric Age: A Narrative Review
Authors: Moscatelli Sara , Pozza Alice , Leo Isabella , Ielapi Jessica , Scatteia Alessandra , Piana Sofia , Cavaliere Annachiara , Reffo Elena , Di Salvo Giovanni
Published: July 2024

Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) represent a heterogeneous group of congenital defects, with high prevalence worldwide. Non-invasive imaging is essential to guide medical and surgical planning, to follow the patient over time in the evolution of the disease, and to reveal potential complications of the chosen treatment. The application of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) in this population allows for obtaining detailed information on the defects without the necessity of ionizing radiations. This review emphasizes the central role of CMR in the overall assessment of CHDs, considering also the limitations and challenges of this imaging technique. CMR, with the application of two-dimensional (2D) and tri-dimensional (3D) steady-state free precession (SSFP), permits the obtaining of very detailed and accurate images about the cardiac anatomy, global function, and volumes’ chambers, giving essential information in the intervention planning and optimal awareness of the postoperative anatomy. Nevertheless, CMR supplies tissue characterization, identifying the presence of fat, fibrosis, or oedema in the myocardial tissue. Using a contrast agent for angiography sequences or 2D/four-dimensional (4D) flows offers information about the vascular, valvular blood flow, and, in general, the cardiovascular system hemodynamics. Furthermore, 3D SSFP CMR acquisitions allow the identification of coronary artery abnormalities as an alternative to invasive angiography and cardiovascular computed tomography (CCT). However, CMR requires expertise in CHDs, and it can be contraindicated in patients with non-conditional devices. Furthermore, its relatively longer acquisition time and the necessity of breath-holding may limit its use, particularly in children under eight years old, sometimes requiring anesthesia. The purpose of this review is to elucidate the application of CMR during the pediatric age.
Implementing Explainable Machine Learning Models for Practical Prediction of Early Neonatal Hypoglycemia
Authors: Wang Lin-Yu , Wang Lin-Yen , Sung Mei-I , Lin I-Chun , Liu Chung-Feng , Chen Chia-Jung
Published: July 2024

Hypoglycemia is a common metabolic disorder that occurs in the neonatal period. Early identification of neonates at risk of developing hypoglycemia can optimize therapeutic strategies in neonatal care. This study aims to develop a machine learning model and implement a predictive application to assist clinicians in accurately predicting the risk of neonatal hypoglycemia within four hours after birth. Our retrospective study analyzed data from neonates born ≥35 weeks gestational age and admitted to the well-baby nursery between 1 January 2011 and 31 August 2021. We collected electronic medical records of 2687 neonates from a tertiary medical center in Southern Taiwan. Using 12 clinically relevant features, we evaluated nine machine learning approaches to build the predictive models. We selected the models with the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for integration into our hospital information system (HIS). The top three AUC values for the early neonatal hypoglycemia prediction models were 0.739 for Stacking, 0.732 for Random Forest and 0.732 for Voting. Random Forest is considered the best model because it has a relatively high AUC and shows no significant overfitting (accuracy of 0.658, sensitivity of 0.682, specificity of 0.649, F1 score of 0.517 and precision of 0.417). The best model was incorporated in the web-based application integrated into the hospital information system. Shapley Additive Explanation (SHAP) values indicated mode of delivery, gestational age, multiparity, respiratory distress, and birth weight < 2500 gm as the top five predictors of neonatal hypoglycemia. The implementation of our machine learning model provides an effective tool that assists clinicians in accurately identifying at-risk neonates for early neonatal hypoglycemia, thereby allowing timely interventions and treatments.
Maintaining Hygiene in Orthodontic Miniscrews: Patient Management and Protocols—A Literature Review
Authors: Favero Riccardo , Fabiane Martina , Zuccon Andrea , Conte Diego , Ludovichetti Francesco Saverio
Published: July 2024

Background: Oral hygiene is crucial for the success of orthodontic therapy involving temporary anchoring devices like miniscrews. Plaque buildup, exacerbated by orthodontic appliances, causes inflammation that can undermine treatment outcomes. Individualized prevention plans based on patient risk factors are essential. This review emphasizes the importance of oral hygiene in orthodontic therapy with miniscrews, identifies optimal devices for ensuring long-term stability, and explores protocols for high-risk patients. Materials And Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted on two primary databases, PubMed and Google Scholar, for relevant articles on oral hygiene and inflammation. Fourteen articles meeting the inclusion criteria were selected, covering topics such as “orthodontic miniscrew”, “miniscrew and laser”, “miniscrew and mouthwash”, “electric toothbrush”, and “GBT”. Results: Inflammation can compromise miniscrew stability by damaging surrounding bone. Miniscrews of 10 mm length have lower failure rates due to better bone contact and stability. Chlorhexidine reduces inflammation risk and inhibits epithelialization around the implant head. Laser therapy enhances miniscrew stability and reduces inflammation. Chitosan effectively suppresses inflammatory mediators and prevents microorganism adhesion. Both sonic and roto-oscillating electric toothbrushes remove plaque effectively, with roto-oscillating brushes showing superior results. The Guided Biofilm Therapy (GBT) protocol offers professional hygiene benefits similar to traditional methods, with improved patient engagement and motivation. Conclusions: Home oral hygiene maintenance is paramount for preventing inflammatory complications. Professional interventions such as diode laser usage, particularly in adult patients with a history of periodontitis or underlying systemic conditions, can mitigate orthodontic therapy failure risks. The GBT protocol fosters a more comfortable and participatory professional hygiene experience for patients, promoting better oral health awareness and compliance.
Multi-Beam Sonar Target Segmentation Algorithm Based on BS-Unet
Authors: Zhang Wennuo , Zhang Xuewu , Zhang Yu , Zeng Pengyuan , Wei Ruikai , Xu Junsong , Chen Yang
Published: July 2024

Multi-beam sonar imaging detection technology is increasingly becoming the mainstream technology in fields such as hydraulic safety inspection and underwater target detection due to its ability to generate clearer images under low-visibility conditions. However, during the multi-beam sonar detection process, issues such as low image resolution and blurred imaging edges lead to decreased target segmentation accuracy. Traditional filtering methods for echo signals cannot effectively solve these problems. To address these challenges, this paper introduces, for the first time, a multi-beam sonar dataset against the background of simulated crack detection for dam safety. This dataset included simulated cracks detected by multi-beam sonar from various angles. The width of the cracks ranged from 3 cm to 9 cm, and the length ranged from 0.2 m to 1.5 m. In addition, this paper proposes a BS-UNet semantic segmentation algorithm. The Swin-UNet model incorporates a dual-layer routing attention mechanism to enhance the accuracy of sonar image detail segmentation. Furthermore, an online convolutional reparameterization structure was added to the output end of the model to improve the model’s capability to represent image features. Comparisons of the BS-UNet model with commonly used semantic segmentation models on the multi-beam sonar dataset consistently demonstrated the BS-UNet model’s superior performance, as it improved semantic segmentation evaluation metrics such as Precision and IoU by around 0.03 compared to the Swin-UNet model. In conclusion, BS-UNet can effectively be applied in multi-beam sonar image segmentation tasks.
Application of Virtual Reality in Developing the Digital Twin for an Integrated Robot Learning System
Authors: Tarng Wernhuar , Wu Yu-Jung , Ye Li-Yuan , Tang Chun-Wei , Lu Yun-Chen , Wang Tzu-Ling , Li Chien-Lung
Published: July 2024

Robotics includes complex mathematical calculations and coordinate transformations in forward and inverse kinematics, path planning, and robot dynamics. Students may experience a high cognitive load and lose learning motivation because robotics can be complex and challenging to understand. This study applied virtual reality (VR) technology in robotics education to simplify and visualize complex robot kinematics, aiming to increase learning motivation and reduce cognitive load. This study incorporated real and virtual robot control to develop an integrated robot learning system. This system enables learners to control the digital twin of a physical robot and observe the synchronized motion of both the virtual and physical robots. Users can operate the virtual robot to achieve the target position by setting joint parameters or using values calculated from inverse kinematics. They can also understand the principle of digital twins by observing the synchronous motion of both robots. A teaching experiment was conducted to explore the performance of applying VR in robotics education and its impacts on cognitive load and learning motivation. The system was improved based on user responses to facilitate subsequent promotional activities. VR can transform complex robotics into easily understandable learning experiences and provide an interactive user interface, making the system a suitable learning tool for STEM education.
A Modern Approach to Securing Critical Infrastructure in Energy Transmission Networks: Integration of Cryptographic Mechanisms and Biometric Data
Authors: Manowska Anna , Boros Martin , Hassan Muhammad Waqar , Bluszcz Anna , Tobór-Osadnik Katarzyna
Published: July 2024

Energy security is a crucial issue for political, environmental, and economic reasons. This article presents a modern approach to securing critical infrastructure in energy transmission networks, which are managed by advanced IT systems. This paper focuses on the integration of cryptographic mechanisms with biometric data, providing an additional layer of protection against cyber threats. The discussed solutions enable the protection of management systems in energy transmission networks, enhancing their resilience to cyberattacks. The use of the command-line interface (CLI) in combination with biometrics allows for precise execution of security tasks such as network monitoring, firewall management, and automation of security tasks. This makes these systems more reliable and secure, which is essential for the stability of energy systems.
Disturbance-Rejection Passivity-Based Control for Inverters of Micropower Sources
Authors: Luo Chao , Tu Liang , Cai Haiqing , Gu Haohan , Chen Jiawei , Jia Guangyu , Zhu Xinke
Published: July 2024

Inverters are important interfaces between micropower sources and consuming loads. However, the varying inductors and capacitors, modeling errors, measurement errors, and external disturbances would lead to degradation of the inverters’ performances when conventional linear control is adopted, causing instability problems. To address it, a disturbance-rejection passivity-based nonlinear control strategy is proposed for the inverters of micropower sources. The proposed method innovatively introduces an extended high-gain state observer into the passivity-based controller to achieve online observation and elimination of complex influencing factors such as external disturbances, time-varying parameter uncertainties, and modeling errors, thus ensuring the global stability of the inverter under various disturbances. The design details on the passivity-based controller and the extended high-gain state observer are elaborated. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed control strategy are verified by the experiments performed by a 15 kVA inverter designed in the lab. The results show that the proposed control is able to ensure the inverter’s stable operation under the following conditions: constant power load, the filter inductance and capacitance reduce up to 33% and 96%, and the input voltage varies more than 22%.
Towards 6G Satellite–Terrestrial Networks: Analysis of Air Mobility Operations
Authors: Mohanta Krishnakanth , Al-Rubaye Saba
Published: July 2024

This paper presents an analytical exploration of sixth-generation (6G) satellite–terrestrial integrated networks, focusing specifically on their applications within air mobility operations, such as those involving unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). As the integration of satellite and terrestrial networks promises to revolutionize mobile communication by extending coverage and enhancing connectivity, this study delves into two critical aspects: link budget analysis and handover and mobility analysis for UAVs. The link budget analysis assesses the communication requirements necessary to ensure robust and consistent connectivity between satellites and UAVs, accounting for factors such as path loss, antenna gains, and power transmission. Meanwhile, the handover and mobility analysis investigates the challenges and solutions associated with UAVs transitioning between different network nodes and layers in a dynamic aerial environment. This paper utilizes theoretical models and simulations to provide insights into the design and optimization of these networks, aiming to enhance the reliability and efficiency of UAV operations in the context of the emerging 6G landscape. The findings propose not only technological advancements in network architecture but also practical guidelines for the deployment of UAVs in complex environments, marking a significant step toward the realization of a fully integrated, satellite-terrestrial ecosystem.
RAN: Infrared and Visible Image Fusion Network Based on Residual Attention Decomposition
Authors: Yu Jia , Lu Gehao , Zhang Jie
Published: July 2024

Infrared image and visible image fusion (IVIF) is a research direction that is currently attracting much attention in the field of image processing. The main goal is to obtain a fused image by reasonably fusing infrared images and visible images, while retaining the advantageous features of each source image. The research in this field aims to improve image quality, enhance target recognition ability, and broaden the application areas of image processing. To advance research in this area, we propose a breakthrough image fusion method based on the Residual Attention Network (RAN). By applying this innovative network to the task of image fusion, the mechanism of the residual attention network can better capture critical background and detail information in the images, significantly improving the quality and effectiveness of image fusion. Experimental results on public domain datasets show that our method performs excellently on multiple key metrics. For example, compared to existing methods, our method improves the standard deviation (SD) by 35.26%, spatial frequency (SF) by 109.85%, average gradient (AG) by 96.93%, and structural similarity (SSIM) by 23.47%. These significant improvements validate the superiority of our proposed residual attention network in the task of image fusion and open up new possibilities for enhancing the performance and adaptability of fusion networks.
Analysis of Wind Resource Characteristics in the Ulanqab Wind Power Base (Wind Farm): Mesoscale Modeling Approach
Authors: Xu Dong , Xue Feifei , Wu Yuqi , Li Yangzhou , Liu Wei , Xu Chang , Sun Jing
Published: July 2024

With the rapid development and construction of large-scale wind power bases under the “Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Goals” target, traditional wind energy resource assessment methods typically rely on a limited amount of wind mast data, providing only limited wind resource analysis results. These methods are incapable of capturing the spatiotemporal distribution of wind energy resources throughout the entire base, thus failing to meet the construction requirements of wind power bases. In this study, the mesoscale WRF (The Weather Research and Forecasting Model) was employed for wind resource simulation in a large wind power base. Based on the terrain, meteorological observation data, and boundary conditions, high-resolution wind field simulation results were generated, providing more comprehensive spatiotemporal distribution information within the Ulanqab region’s wind power base. Through the analysis and comparison of measured data and simulation results at different horizontal resolutions, the model was evaluated. Taking the Ulanqab wind power base as an example, the WRF model was used to study the distribution patterns of key parameters, such as annual average wind speed, turbulence intensity, annual average wind power density, and wind direction. The results indicate that a 4 km horizontal resolution can simultaneously ensure the accuracy of wind speed and wind direction simulations, demonstrating good engineering applicability. The analysis of wind resource characteristics in the Ulanqab wind power base based on the mesoscale model provides reliable reference value and data support for its macro- and micro-siting.
Review of Thermal Energy Storage Materials for Application in Large-Scale Integrated Energy Systems—Methodology for Matching Heat Storage Solutions for Given Applications
Authors: Jurczyk Michał , Spietz Tomasz , Czardybon Agata , Dobras Szymon , Ignasiak Karina , Bartela Łukasz , Uchman Wojciech , Ochmann Jakub
Published: July 2024

This article is a broad literature review of materials used and defined as potential for heat storage processes. Both single-phase and phase-change materials were considered. An important part of this paper is the definition of the toxicity of heat storage materials and other factors that disqualify their use depending on the application. Based on the literature analysis, a methodology was developed for selecting the optimal heat storage material depending on the typical parameters of the process and the method of heat transfer and storage. Based on the presented results, a solution was proposed for three temperature ranges: 100 °C (low-temperature storage), 300 °C (medium-temperature storage) and 500 °C (high-temperature storage). For all defined temperature levels, it is possible to adapt solid, liquid or phase-change materials for heat storage. However, it is essential to consider the characteristics of the specific system and to assess the advantages and disadvantages of the accumulation material used. Rock materials are characterised by similar thermophysical parameters and relatively low prices compared with their universality, while liquid energy storage allows for greater flexibility in power generation while maintaining the operational parameters of the heat source.
Potential for Repowering Inland Coal-Fired Power Plants Using Nuclear Reactors According to the Coal-to-Nuclear Concept
Authors: Ochmann Jakub , Niewiński Grzegorz , Łukowicz Henryk , Bartela Łukasz
Published: July 2024

The popularity of nuclear power as a high-availability energy source is increasing in countries that currently rely on coal-based energy. The growing use of renewable energy sources emphasizes the need for greater energy supply security and grid stability. However, nuclear reactors remain the most expensive commercially available power-generation technology, which limits investment in this field. This paper explores the feasibility of investing in Coal-to-Nuclear conversion at selected coal-fired power plant sites in Poland. By converting coal-fired infrastructure, it is possible to reduce the financial cost of constructing a nuclear power plant. The study included an analysis of hydrological conditions from 2010 to 2023 at selected locations, which determined the potential for siting high-power nuclear reactors. An analytical model was used to calculate the required water intake for cooling, and the results were compared with actual river flow measurements. The findings suggested that constructing an inland nuclear power plant in Poland is feasible while complying with legal standards regarding maximum cooling water temperature. The assessment of the four sites allowed appropriate recommendations to be made concerning further research into the implementation of Generation III reactors.
Partial Shading of Photovoltaic Modules with Thin Linear Objects: Modelling in MATLAB Environment and Measurement Experiments
Authors: Teneta Janusz , Kreft Wojciech , Janowski Mirosław
Published: July 2024

This paper proposes a mathematical model for the shading profiles of a PV module with thin, long linear elements. The model includes the brightness distribution over the entire shading region (umbra, penumbra, and antumbra). A corresponding calculation code in the form of m-files has been prepared for the MATLAB environment. The input data for the calculations are the coordinates of the Sun’s position in the sky, the dimensions and spatial orientation of the shading element, and the spatial orientation of the shaded PV module. The correctness of the model was verified by a measurement experiment carried out under actual outdoor weather conditions. Statistical analysis of the comparison between the measurement data from the experiment and the model showed its high accuracy. As part of this research work, it was also checked how shading with thin linear elements affects the current–voltage characteristics of the module. It turned out that even a small linear shading could reduce the power output of the module by more than 6%, with the distribution of this shading across the individual cells of the module being extremely important.
Research Progress on the Dynamic Characteristics of Circulating Fluidized Bed Boilers While Processing Rapid Variable Loads
Authors: Wei Huanzhou , Zhu Shahong , Mao Yulin , Gao Junjie , Shen Zifan , Li Jiaxing , Yang Hairui
Published: July 2024

In order to achieve the “dual-carbon” goal, China’s energy sector is rapidly evolving towards a green and low-carbon future, with the integration of large-scale new energy into the power grid. However, due to the fluctuating characteristics of new energy generation, the difficulty of grid peaking has gradually increased. Consequently, enhancing flexibility and achieving wide and rapid peak shaving have emerged as the primary development directions for thermal power units. Circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers have been widely developed due to their excellent coal adaptability, large load regulation range, and low-cost pollutant removal ability. However, the flexibility of load variations in most CFB units is not high, limited by the substantial inertia of the furnace side and fluctuating pollutant emissions. This review is conducted with respect to the boiler side to analyze inertia sources and effects on the system while processing rapid variable loads, including gas–solid flow inertia, fuel combustion inertia, and heat transfer inertia. It discusses the development of numerical simulation models for CFB boilers and points out corresponding applications and limitations in simulating dynamic characteristics during load changes. Through experimental bench tests and numerical simulation, it investigates the dynamic characteristics of pivotal parameters in the variable load process. Moreover, the pivotal elements influencing the variable load performance and viable regulatory techniques are revealed, thereby furnishing theoretical guidance for enhancing the unit flexibility and peak shifting rates of China’s CFB boilers.
Investigation on Optimization Design of High-Thrust-Efficiency Pump Jet Based on Orthogonal Method
Authors: Zhang Xiaojun , Dai Zhenxing , Yang Dangguo , Fan Honggang
Published: July 2024

Compared with traditional propellers, the pump jet has the characteristics of low noise, large thrust, and high efficiency, which is widely used in underwater ships, unmanned underwater vehicles, and underwater rescue equipment. It is difficult to design and evaluate the performance of a pump jet because of its complex structure and the many changes in its component parameters. In this paper, high-efficiency pump jet design and optimization methods are presented. Based on the center-of-gravity accumulation line control, a design method is proposed to design the pump jet rotor. The thrust performance and hydraulic performance of the pump jet are obtained through numerical simulation, and the influence of various parameters on performance is studied. Finally, based on a single-factor analysis and orthogonal optimization, a multi-parameter orthogonal optimization of pump jet was carried out. The angle of attack, chord length, camber angle, and number of blades were selected to establish a four-factor and three-level orthogonal table. The thrust efficiency was taken as the optimization goal. Compared to the original pump jet, the optimized pump jet thrust coefficient and thrust efficiency are significantly improved at various speed conditions, with the maximum thrust efficiency increased by 7.23%, meeting the design requirements. This research provides a theoretical basis and technical guidance for the structural optimization design of a pump jet propulsion system.
IIP-Mixer: Intra–Inter-Patch Mixing Architecture for Battery Remaining Useful Life Prediction
Authors: Ye Guangzai , Feng Li , Guo Jianlan , Chen Yuqiang
Published: July 2024

Accurately estimating the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of lithium-ion batteries is crucial for maintaining the safe and stable operation of rechargeable battery management systems. However, this task is often challenging due to the complex temporal dynamics. Recently, attention-based networks, such as Transformers and Informer, have been the popular architecture in time series forecasting. Despite their effectiveness, these models with abundant parameters necessitate substantial training time to unravel temporal patterns. To tackle these challenges, we propose a straightforward MLP-Mixer-based architecture named “Intra–Inter Patch Mixer” (IIP-Mixer), which leverages the strengths of multilayer perceptron (MLP) models to capture both local and global temporal patterns in time series data. Specifically, it extracts information using an MLP and performs mixing operations along both intra-patch and inter-patch dimensions for battery RUL prediction. The proposed IIP-Mixer comprises parallel dual-head mixer layers: the intra-patch mixing MLP, capturing local temporal patterns in the short-term period, and the inter-patch mixing MLP, capturing global temporal patterns in the long-term period. Notably, to address the varying importance of features in RUL prediction, we introduce a weighted loss function in the MLP-Mixer-based architecture, marking the first time such an approach has been employed. Our experiments demonstrate that IIP-Mixer achieves competitive performance in battery RUL prediction, outperforming other popular time series frameworks, such as Informer and DLinear, with relative reductions in mean absolute error (MAE) of 24% and 10%, respectively.
Modeling and CFD Simulation of Macroalgae Motion within Aerated Tanks: Assessment of Light-Dark Cycle Period
Authors: Filip Radomír , Masaló Ingrid , Papáček Štěpán
Published: July 2024

Computational techniques can be applied to numerically assess key parameters influencing the biotechnological process to better predict the essential features governing macroalgae growth and nutrient removal in aerated tanks, e.g., integrated into multitrophic aquaculture systems. Recent advances in computational hardware and software, such as the discrete element method (DEM) coupled with computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) codes, have enabled flow simulations in biotechnological systems. Here, we perform CFD-DEM simulations of macroalgae motion within aerated tanks to assess the light–dark cycle period as one of the most critical abiotic conditions governing the growth of photosynthetic organisms. This proof-of-concept study, which deals with the challenging problem of the fluid–structure interaction in aerated (bubbled) tanks with a highly flexible solid phase, includes a set of detailed 2D CFD simulations for two types of settings differing in the presence or absence of an inner cylinder assembly. Consequently, corresponding regression models for the cycle period are derived, and the initial hypothesis of the assembly’s beneficial role is confirmed. Eventually, the CFD results are verified using an image processing technique on the laboratory scale tank with Ulva sp. and specific 3D CFD-DEM simulations.
Developments and Issues in Renewable Ecofuels and Feedstocks
Authors: Capodaglio Andrea G.
Published: July 2024

Ecofuels and their feedstock come in three main product classes: electrofuels (e-Fuels), biofuels, and non-biowaste-derived fuels. Ecofuels originate from non-fossil sources, derived from circular raw materials such as non-food organic waste, renewable hydrogen, and captured CO2 through a rapid process of carbon fixation. Proposed regulation drafts under discussion indicate that new fuels would need to reach a substantial degree of climate neutrality. The manufacture of all ecofuels, however, requires energy input to accomplish the conversion of the initial feedstock; their climate neutrality claims stem from the use of renewable electric energy and/or biomasses in the production process, but fossil fuels are still the main primary sources of global (and the EU’s) electric power, and most biofuels consumed in the EU transport mix are still crop-based, with potential conflicts with food and land use. Furthermore, entirely neglecting GHG emissions from renewable energy generation is scientifically debatable, as the impact of the energy (and the related GHG emissions) embedded in the materials used to build renewable energy facilities is small, but not nil. The paper reports ecofuel trends according to the above-mentioned originating technologies and discusses the issues related to their development.
Bioconversion of Alternative Substrates for the Biosynthesis of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors by Aspergillus spp. Strains with Antimicrobial Potential
Authors: Lins Uiara M. de B. L. , Mendonça Rafael de S. , Dantas Sérgio S. S. , Souza Adriana Ferreira de , Montero-Rodríguez Dayana , Andrade Rosileide F. da S. , Campos-Takaki Galba M.
Published: July 2024

Simvastatin, a semisynthetic drug widely used to lower cholesterol, is among the most prescribed statins worldwide. This study focuses on the direct production of a simvastatin-like biomolecule using alternative substrates by Aspergillus spp. strains. Two species, A. terreus UCP 1276 and A. flavus UCP 0316, were initially evaluated in synthetic media as control. Subsequently, the carbon and nitrogen sources were replaced by agro-industrial substrates, resulting in five modified media. Cultures were maintained at 28 °C, pH 6.5, at 180 rpm for 21 days. Fungal growth kinetics were evaluated and a 23 full-factorial design (FFD) was used to investigate the influence of substrate concentration on statin yield. Presence of inhibitors was confirmed by bioassay, UV–visible spectrophotometry, and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). According to the results, A. flavus UCP yielded 0.24 mg/g of statin in condition 2 of FFD (medium containing 4.5% soluble starch and saline base), suggesting it as a promising candidate for direct production of the biomolecule. Statistical analysis showed the significant effect of soluble starch on inhibitor production, making it a viable and profitable alternative substrate. Moreover, the isolated statin exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, including efficacy against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and yeasts, indicating therapeutic potential against antimicrobial resistance.
Evaluation of Nutritional Values of Edible Algal Species Using a Shortwave Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging and Machine Learning Technique
Authors: Amoriello Tiziana , Mellara Francesco , Amoriello Monica , Ciccoritti Roberto
Published: July 2024

In recent years, the growing demand for algae in Western countries is due to their richness in nutrients and bioactive compounds, and their use as ingredients for foods, cosmetics, nutraceuticals, fertilizers, biofuels,, etc. Evaluation of the qualitative characteristics of algae involves assessing their physicochemical and nutritional components to determine their suitability for specific end uses, but this assessment is generally performed using destructive, expensive, and time-consuming traditional chemical analyses, and requires sample preparation. The hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technique has been successfully applied in food quality assessment and control and has the potential to overcome the limitations of traditional biochemical methods. In this study, the nutritional profile (proteins, lipids, and fibers) of seventeen edible macro- and microalgae species widely grown throughout the world were investigated using traditional methods. Moreover, a shortwave infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral imaging device and artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms were used to develop multi-species models for proteins, lipids, and fibers. The predictive power of the models was characterized by different metrics, which showed very high predictive performances for all nutritional parameters (for example, R2 = 0.9952, 0.9767, 0.9828 for proteins, lipids, and fibers, respectively). Our results demonstrated the ability of SWIR hyperspectral imaging coupled with ANN algorithms in quantifying biomolecules in algal species in a fast and sustainable way.
Advanced Hydrogels in Breast Cancer Therapy
Authors: Gao Xiangyu , Caruso Benjamin R. , Li Weimin
Published: July 2024

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women and is the second leading cause of cancer-related death for women. Depending on the tumor grade and stage, breast cancer is primarily treated with surgery and antineoplastic therapy. Direct or indirect side effects, emotional trauma, and unpredictable outcomes accompany these traditional therapies, calling for therapies that could improve the overall treatment and recovery experiences of patients. Hydrogels, biomimetic materials with 3D network structures, have shown great promise for augmenting breast cancer therapy. Hydrogel implants can be made with adipogenic and angiogenic properties for tissue integration. 3D organoids of malignant breast tumors grown in hydrogels retain the physical and genetic characteristics of the native tumors, allowing for post-surgery recapitulation of the diseased tissues for precision medicine assessment of the responsiveness of patient-specific cancers to antineoplastic treatment. Hydrogels can also be used as carrier matrices for delivering chemotherapeutics and immunotherapeutics or as post-surgery prosthetic scaffolds. The hydrogel delivery systems could achieve localized and controlled medication release targeting the tumor site, enhancing efficacy and minimizing the adverse effects of therapeutic agents delivered by traditional procedures. This review aims to summarize the most recent advancements in hydrogel utilization for breast cancer post-surgery tissue reconstruction, tumor modeling, and therapy and discuss their limitations in clinical translation.
Association between Physical Activity and Quality of Life in Colorectal Cancer Patients with Postoperative Defecatory Dysfunction: A Preliminary Survey
Authors: Nakagawa Hiromi , Hatanaka Sho , Kato Yoshimi , Matsumoto Shinobu , Tanaka Kiyoji , Sasai Hiroyuki
Published: July 2024

In this study, we aimed to explore the association between physical activity (PA) and quality of life (QoL) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with postoperative defecatory dysfunction. A survey using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-30 and QLQ-29 was conducted among 62 adult outpatients with CRC at two cancer hospitals in Japan. PA and sedentary behavior were evaluated using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis was performed, incorporating the QoL as the outcome, with the total PA and its three domains (occupational, transportation, and recreational) and sedentary time as exposures, while controlling for age, sex, and tumor location. The analyses revealed that patients engaged in PA ≥ 150 min/week (67.4 points; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 21.1, 113.8) and recreational PA ≥ 30 min/week (56.0 points; 95% CI: 2.3, 109.7) had significantly higher function scores. Conversely, sedentary time >8 h/day or occupational PA duration ≥30 min/week was associated with poor symptom and function scores. These findings highlight the importance of promoting recreational PA and reducing sedentary behavior to maintain and improve the QoL in CRC patients with defecatory dysfunction.
Eco-Friendly g-C3N4/Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Alginate Composite Hydrogels for Simultaneous Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dye Pollutants
Authors: Milošević Ksenija , Lončarević Davor , Kalagasidis Krušić Melina , Hadnađev-Kostić Milica , Dostanić Jasmina
Published: July 2024

The presented study was focused on the simple, eco-friendly synthesis of composite hydrogels of crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/alginate (SA) with encapsulated g-C3N4 nanoparticles. The structural, textural, morphological, optical, and mechanical properties were determined using different methods. The encapsulation of g-C3N4 into CMC/SA copolymer resulted in the formation of composite hydrogels with a coherent structure, enhanced porosity, excellent photostability, and good adhesion. The ability of composite hydrogels to eliminate structurally different dyes with the same or opposite charge properties (cationic Methylene Blue and anionic Orange G and Remazol Brilliant Blue R) in both single- and binary-dye systems was examined through adsorption and photocatalytic reactions. The interactions between the dyes and g-C3N4 and the negatively charged CMC/SA copolymers had a notable influence on both the adsorption capacity and photodegradation efficiency of the prepared composites. Scavenger studies and leaching tests were conducted to gain insights into the primary reactive species and to assess the stability and long-term performance of the g-C3N4/CMC/SA beads. The commendable photocatalytic activity and excellent recyclability, coupled with the elimination of costly catalyst separation requirements, render the g-C3N4/CMC/SA composite hydrogels cost-effective and environmentally friendly materials, and strongly support their selection for tackling environmental pollution issues.
The Link between Inflammation, Lipid Derivatives, and Microbiota Metabolites in COVID-19 Patients: Implications on Eating Behaviors and Nutritional Status
Authors: Hawryłkowicz Viktoria , Stasiewicz Beata , Maciejewska Dominika , Sołek-Pastuszka Joanna , Komorniak Natalia , Skonieczna-Żydecka Karolina , Martynova-Van Kley Alexandra , Stachowska Ewa
Published: July 2024

Extreme inflammation that continues even after infections can lead to a cytokine storm. In recent times, one of the most common causes of cytokine storm activation has been SARS-CoV-2 infection. A cytokine storm leads to dysregulation and excessive stimulation of the immune system, producing symptoms typical of post-COVID syndrome, including chronic fatigue, shortness of breath, joint pain, trouble concentrating (known as “brain fog”), and even direct organ damage in the heart, lungs, kidneys, and brain. This work summarizes the current knowledge regarding inflammation and the cytokine storm related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, changes in lipid metabolism and microbiota composition under the influence of inflammation in COVID-19, along with the possible underlying mechanisms, are described. Finally, this text explores potential health implications related to changes in eating behaviors and nutritional status in COVID-19 patients. Although research on the cytokine storm is still ongoing, there is convincing evidence suggesting that severe immune and inflammatory responses during the acute phase of COVID-19 may lead to long-term health consequences. Understanding these links is key to developing treatment strategies and supporting patients after infection.
TRPA1, TRPV1, and Caffeine: Pain and Analgesia
Authors: Puthumana Elizabeth A. , Muhamad Luna , Young Lexi A. , Chu Xiang-Ping
Published: July 2024

Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is a naturally occurring methylxanthine that acts as a potent central nervous system stimulant found in more than 60 different plants and fruits. Although caffeinated beverages are widely and casually consumed, the application of caffeine beyond dietary levels as pharmacologic therapy has been recognized since the beginning of its recorded use. The analgesic and vasoactive properties of caffeine are well known, but the extent of their molecular basis remains an area of active research. There is existing evidence in the literature as to caffeine’s effect on TRP channels, the role of caffeine in pain management and analgesia, as well as the role of TRP in pain and analgesia; however, there has yet to be a review focused on the interaction between caffeine and TRP channels. Although the influence of caffeine on TRP has been demonstrated in the lab and in animal models, there is a scarcity of data collected on a large scale as to the clinical utility of caffeine as a regulator of TRP. This review aims to prompt further molecular research to elucidate the specific ligand–host interaction between caffeine and TRP by validating caffeine as a regulator of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels—focusing on the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) receptor subtypes—and its application in areas of pain.