bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Health Effects Reported by Agricultural Workers and the Adverse Human Effects Indicated on Pesticide Labels: A Systematic Review
Authors: Moreira Andreia , Vieira da Silva Manuela
Published: September 2024

Human pesticide exposure remains a significant issue, impacting both the environment and human health. Occupational pesticide exposure is primarily linked to improper worker practices, often due to a lack of knowledge or difficulty interpreting label information and other technical aspects of pesticide application. This systematic review aims to identify the pesticides most used by agricultural workers, the symptoms they experience due to exposure, and the GHS hazard statements on these pesticide labels. Following the PRISMA guidelines, the search identified 16 articles addressing health effects associated with the most frequently used pesticides. These studies predominantly come from Asia (68.8%), Africa (25%), and America (6.2%), with most pesticides being outside the list approved by the EC. Related symptoms were reported in 80 to 100% of the studies that included these pesticides. An evident relationship has been identified between GHS hazard statements and associated symptoms for certain pesticides. Therefore, companies and public authorities must collaborate to improve workers’ training, particularly in reading and interpreting product labels. Additionally, they must thoroughly explain the risks associated with improper pesticide practices and application to safeguard workers’ health.
Growth, Photosynthesis and Yield Responses of Common Wheat to Foliar Application of Methylobacterium symbioticum under Decreasing Chemical Nitrogen Fertilization
Authors: Valente Francesco , Panozzo Anna , Bozzolin Francesco , Barion Giuseppe , Bolla Pranay Kumar , Bertin Vittorio , Potestio Silvia , Visioli Giovanna , Wang Yu , Vamerali Teofilo
Published: September 2024

Current agriculture intensifies crop cultivation to meet food demand, leading to unsustainable use of chemical fertilizers. This study investigates a few physiological and agronomic responses of common wheat following the inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria to reduce nitrogen inputs. A field trial was conducted in 2022–2023, in Legnago (Verona, Italy) on Triticum aestivum var. LG-Auriga comparing full (180 kg ha−1) and reduced (130 kg ha−1) N doses, both with and without foliar application at end tillering of the N-fixing bacterium Methylobacterium symbioticum. Biofertilization did not improve shoot growth, while it seldom increased the root length density in the arable layer. It delayed leaf senescence, prolonged photosynthetic activity, and amplified stomatal conductance and PSII efficiency under the reduced N dose. Appreciable ACC-deaminase activity of such bacterium disclosed augmented nitrogen retrieval and reduced ethylene production, explaining the ameliorated stay-green. Yield and test weight were unaffected by biofertilization, while both glutenin-to-gliadin and HMW-to-LMW ratios increased together with dough tenacity. It is concluded that Methylobacterium symbioticum can amplify nitrogen metabolism at a reduced nitrogen dose, offering a viable approach to reduce chemical fertilization under suboptimal growing conditions for achieving a more sustainable agriculture. Further research over multiple growing seasons and soil types is necessary to corroborate these preliminary observations.
Biomass Resources from Vineyard Residues for the Production of Densified Solid Biofuels in the Republic of Moldova
Authors: Marian Grigore , Alexiou Ivanova Tatiana , Gudîma Andrei , Nazar Boris , Malai Leonid , Marian Teodor , Pavlenco Andrei
Published: September 2024

This paper explores the utilization of biomass resources derived from vineyard residues for producing densified solid biofuels in the Republic of Moldova, with the aim of quantitatively and qualitatively evaluating the residue from vine pruning, focusing on the feasibility of its use as raw material for the production of briquettes and pellets. The methodology includes the analysis of statistical data, as well as experimental investigations conducted at the Scientific Laboratory of Solid Biofuels of the Technical University of Moldova. Waste biomass samples were collected from various vineyards in the different districts of all three regions of the country, focusing on regions with significant plantations. Both quantitative and qualitative aspects of the biomass were assessed, considering the moisture content, calorific value, and ash content. It was found that about 1013 kg/ha of waste biomass is generated from the pruning of technical grape varieties with a net calorific value of 15.6 MJ/kg at a moisture content of 10 wt.% and about 1044 kg/ha with a calorific value of 16.4 MJ/kg from the table ones; both with an average ash content of 3 wt.%. The results indicated that vineyard pruning residues in the Republic of Moldova could provide a substantial biomass source, with an estimated total energy potential of approximately 370 TJ/y (80% located in the Southern region); they also highlighted the need for technological advancements and quality assurance procedures through which to ensure the efficiency and sustainability of biofuel production. The conclusions emphasize the numerous benefits of utilizing viticultural residue, both economically and ecologically, contributing to the sustainable development of the viticulture industry in the Republic of Moldova, as well as environmental protection.
Native Forbs Provide Pollinator Resources and Improve Forage Nutrient Composition, Animal Performance, and Pasture Productivity
Authors: Prigge Jessica L. , Bisangwa Eric , Richwine Jonathan D. , Sykes Virginia R. , Ivey Jennie L. Z. , Keyser Patrick D.
Published: September 2024

Pollinator declines and expectations for more sustainable agriculture, including pasture-based enterprises, bring attention to strategies to enhance the habitat value of grazing lands. We evaluated native warm-season grass (NWSG) pastures with (FORB) and without (CONT) interseeded native forbs in 2021–2023. An analysis was conducted using R with the significance set at p ≤ 0.05. The grass appeared to be weakened predominantly by grazing management practices. Forb density and mass had an inverse relationship in seasons two and three. Total forage mass declined in response to increased grazing days and weakened stands. The forage nutritive compositions differed, with more stable, season-long crude protein and lower fiber concentrations in late-season FORB, which supported higher bodyweight gains and season-long average daily gain. Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta; BESU), lanceleaf coreopsis (Coreopsis lanceolata; LCOR), and showy ticktrefoil (Desmodium canadensis; STTF) were the most abundant forbs, and BESU, LCOR, and purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea; PURC) produced long flowering windows. Cattle grazed STTF, cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum; CUPP), and oxeye sunflower (Helopsis helianthoides) the most. Under continuous stocking, a blend of BESU, LCOR, PURC, STTF, and CUPP produced acceptable cattle gains and provided pollinator resources, suggesting that this model may be a viable means to enhance the sustainability of pastures.
GT Biplot and Cluster Analysis of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Germplasm from Various Geographical Regions Based on Agro-Morphological Traits
Authors: Güngör Hüseyin , Türkoğlu Aras , Çakır Mehmet Fatih , Dumlupınar Ziya , Piekutowska Magdalena , Wojciechowski Tomasz , Niedbała Gniewko
Published: September 2024

Barley, an ancient crop, was vital for early civilizations and has historically been served as food and beverage. Today, it plays a major role as feed for livestock. Breeding modern barley varieties for high yield and quality has created significant genetic erosion. This highlights the importance of tapping into genetic and genomic resources to develop new improved varieties that can overcome agricultural bottlenecks and increase barley yield. In the current study, 75 barley genotypes were evaluated for agro-morphological traits. The relationships among these traits were determined based on genotype by trait (GT) biplot analysis for two cropping years (2021 and 2022). This study was designed as a randomized complete block experiment with four replications. The variation among genotypes was found to be significant for all traits. The correlation coefficient and GT biplot revealed that grain yield (GY) was positively correlated with the number of grains per spike (NGS), the grain weight per spike (GW), and the thousand kernel weight (1000 KW). However, the test weight (TW) was negatively correlated with the heading date (HD). Hierarchical analysis produced five groups in the first year, four groups in the second year, and four groups over the average of two years. Genotypes by trait biplot analysis highlighted G25, G28, G61, G73, and G74 as promising high-yielding barley genotypes. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of the GT biplot as a valuable approach for identifying superior genotypes with contrasting traits. It is considered that this approach could be used to evaluate the barley genetic material in breeding programs.
Inversion Modeling of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters in Cotton Canopy via Moisture Data and Spectral Analysis
Authors: Li Fuqing , Yin Caiyun , Li Zhen , Wang Jiaqiang , Jiang Long , Hou Buping , Shi Jing
Published: September 2024

The study of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters is very important for understanding plant photosynthesis. Monitoring cotton chlorophyll fluorescence parameters via spectral technology can aid in understanding the photosynthesis, growth, and stress of cotton fields in real time and provide support for cotton growth regulation and planting management. In this study, cotton plot experiments with different water treatments were set up to obtain the spectral reflectance of the cotton canopy, the maximum photochemical quantum yield (Fv/Fm), and the photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) of leaves at different growth stages. Support vector machine regression (SVR), random forest regression (RFR), and artificial neural network regression (ANNR) were used to establish a fluorescence parameter inversion model of the cotton canopy leaves. The results show that the original spectrum was transformed by multivariate scattering correction (MSC), the standard normal variable (SNV), and continuous wavelet transform (CWT), and the model constructed with Fv/Fm passed accuracy verification. The SNV-SVR model at the budding stage, the MSC-SVR model at the early flowering stage, the SNV-SVR model at the full flowering stage, the MSC-SVR model at the flowering stage, and the CWT-SVR model at the full boll stage had the highest estimation accuracy. The accuracies of the three spectral preprocessing and qP models were verified, and the MSC-SVR model at the budding stage, SNV-SVR model at the early flowering stage, MSC-SVR model at the full flowering stage, SNV-SVR model at the flowering stage, and CWT-SVR model at the full boll stage presented the highest estimation accuracies.
Nitrogen Fertilization Using Conventional and Slow-Release Fertilizers at Multiple Levels in Lolium multiflorum Lam. Pastures
Authors: Maduro Dias Cristiana , Machado Mateus , Nunes Hélder , Borba Alfredo , Madruga João , Monjardino Paulo
Published: September 2024

Pastures are essential for sustaining dairy production, particularly in temperate climates where year-round grazing is feasible. However, comprehensive analyses of their productivity, efficiency, and cost evaluation remain uncommon. This study evaluated the productivity, quality, nitrogen fertilization use efficiency, and production costs of Lolium multiflorum Lam pasture on a farm in São Miguel Island. The research compared conventional nitrogen fertilizer with slow-release nitrogen fertilizer at application rates of 320 and 160 kg N ha−1, alongside a control treatment. A Latin square design with five treatments was employed to assess both agronomic and economic performance. The results showed that the type of fertilizer did not significantly influence productivity or quality, while nitrogen levels had a notable impact. Higher nitrogen doses increased dry matter yield and crude protein content. Fiber characteristics remained relatively stable, though neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber levels tended to rise with increased nitrogen application. Nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency consistently exceeded 70%, regardless of the fertilizer type or application rate. Regarding production costs, conventional fertilizer was significantly more cost-effective than slow-release fertilizer, underscoring the importance of selecting economically viable options without compromising agronomic performance in forage production.
Data-Based Kinematic Viscosity and Rayleigh–Taylor Mixing Attributes in High-Energy Density Plasmas
Authors: Abarzhi Snezhana I. , Williams Kurt C.
Published: September 2024

We explore properties of matter and characteristics of Rayleigh–Taylor mixing by analyzing data gathered in the state-of-the-art fine-resolution experiments in high-energy density plasmas. The eminent quality data represent fluctuations spectra of the X-ray imagery intensity versus spatial frequency. We find, by using the rigorous statistical method, that the fluctuations spectra are accurately captured by a compound function, being a product of a power law and an exponential and describing, respectively, self-similar and scale-dependent spectral parts. From the self-similar part, we find that Rayleigh–Taylor mixing has steep spectra and strong correlations. From the scale-dependent part, we derive the first data-based value of the kinematic viscosity in high-energy density plasmas. Our results explain the experiments, agree with the group theory and other experiments, and carve the path for better understanding Rayleigh–Taylor mixing in nature and technology.
A Note on Some Novel Laplace and Stieltjes Transforms Associated with the Relaxation Modulus of the Andrade Model
Authors: González-Santander Juan Luis , Apelblat Alexander
Published: September 2024

In the framework of linear viscoelasticity, the authors have previously calculated a novel inverse Laplace transform involving the Mittag–Leffler function in order to calculate the relaxation modulus in the Andrade model. Here, we generalize this result, calculating the inverse Laplace transform of a given function Fα,βs by using two different approaches: the Bromwich integral and the decomposition of Fα,βs in simple fractions. From both calculations, we obtain a set of novel Laplace and Stieltjes transforms.
Investigation of the Oscillatory Properties of Fourth-Order Delay Differential Equations Using a Comparison Approach with First- and Second-Order Equations
Authors: Moaaz Osama , Elsaeed Shaimaa , Al-Jaser Asma , Ibrahim Samia , Essam Amira
Published: September 2024

This paper investigates the oscillatory behavior of solutions to fourth-order functional differential equations (FDEs) with multiple delays and a middle term. By employing a different comparison method approach with lower-order equations, the study introduces enhanced oscillation criteria. A key strength of the proposed method is its ability to reduce the complexity of the fourth-order equation by converting it into first- and second-order forms, allowing for the application of well-established oscillation theories. This approach not only extends existing criteria to higher-order FDEs but also offers more efficient and broadly applicable results. Detailed comparisons with previous research confirm the method’s effectiveness and broader relevance while demonstrating the feasibility and significance of our results as an expansion and improvement of previous results.
An Extension of Left Radau Type Inequalities to Fractal Spaces and Applications
Authors: Bin-Mohsin Bandar , Lakhdari Abdelghani , Karabadji Nour El Islem , Awan Muhammad Uzair , Makhlouf Abdellatif Ben , Meftah Badreddine , Dragomir Silvestru Sever
Published: September 2024

In this study, we introduce a novel local fractional integral identity related to the Gaussian two-point left Radau rule. Based on this identity, we establish some new fractal inequalities for functions whose first-order local fractional derivatives are generalized convex and concave. The obtained results not only represent an extension of certain previously established findings to fractal sets but also a refinement of these when the fractal dimension μ is equal to one. Finally, to support our findings, we present a practical application to demonstrate the effectiveness of our results.
Taxonomic Diversity and Interannual Variation of Fish in the Lagoon of Meiji Reef (Mischief Reef), South China Sea
Authors: Gong Yuyan , Zhang Jun , Chen Zuozhi , Cai Yancong , Yang Yutao
Published: September 2024

Coral reef fish are important groups of coral reefs, which have great economic and ecological value. Meiji Reef is a representative tropical semi-enclosed atoll in the South China Sea, with rich fish resources. Based on the data from hand-fishing, line-fishing, and gillnet surveys of fish in Meiji Reef from 1998 to 2018, this study summarized the fish species list of Meiji Reef and analyzed the species composition, inclusion index at the taxonomic level (TINCL), genus–family diversity index (G–F index), average taxonomic distinctness index (Δ+), and variation in taxonomic distinctness (Λ+) and their changes. The results revealed that from 1998 to 2018, there were 166 reef-dwelling fish species on Meiji Reef, belonging to 69 genera, 33 families, and 11 orders, of which 128 species were from 20 families of Perciformes, accounting for 77.10% of the total cataloged species. Regarding the dependence of fish on coral reefs, there were 155 reef-dependent species or resident species (accounting for 93.37%) and 11 reef-independent species or wandering species (accounting for 6.63%). The TINCL of the order, families, and genus of fish in Meiji Reef were very high. The genus diversity index (G index), family diversity index (F index), and G–F index of fish in Meiji Reef were very high, and the G index of fish in Meiji Reef in 1998–1999 was higher than that in 2016–2018. The Δ+ and Λ+ values of fish in Meiji Reef from 1998 to 2018 were 56.1 and 148.5, respectively. Compared with 1998–1999, Δ+ and Λ+ of fish increased during 2016–2018, reflecting that the relatives of fish in Meiji Reef became further distant, and the uniformity of taxonomic relationships among species decreased. The research findings indicated that fish exhibited a high taxonomic diversity in Meiji Reef; however, it also revealed significant fluctuations in the fish diversity of Meiji Reef over an extended period, emphasizing the urgent need for timely protection measures. This investigation significantly contributes to our comprehension of the intricate dynamics governing fish species within Meiji Reef and holds broader implications for biodiversity conservation in tropical marine ecosystems.
Bifunctional Phenylalanine/Tyrosine Ammonia-Lyase (PTAL) Enhances Lignin Biosynthesis: Implications in Carbon Fixation in Plants by Genetic Engineering
Authors: Yuan Ye , Sheng Chao-Lei , Pang Li-Hao , Lu Bao-Rong
Published: September 2024

Lignin is a key metabolite for terrestrial plants. Two types of aromatic amino acids, phenylalanine (Phe) and tyrosine (Tyr), serve as the precursors for lignin biosynthesis. In most plant species, Phe is deaminated by Phe ammonia-lyase (PAL) to initiate lignin biosynthesis, but in grass species, Phe and Tyr are deaminated by Phe/Tyr ammonia-lyase (PTAL). To understand the efficiency of PAL and PTAL, we used transgenic and non-transgenic Arabidopsis with PAL and crop-weedy rice hybrids (CWRH) with PTAL to analyze lignin-biosynthesis-associated metabolites. The transgenic plants overexpressed the exogenous 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene, whereas the non-transgenic plants normally expressed the endogenous EPSPS gene. Our results show significantly increased Phe/Tyr contents in transgenic Arabidopsis and CWRH plants, leading to substantially increased lignin and biomass. In addition, the PTAL pathway promotes a much greater proportion of increased lignin and biomass in transgenic CWRH than in transgenic Arabidopsis lineages. Evidently, more efficient lignin biosynthesis characterized the grass species possessing the PTAL pathway. These findings are important for a better understanding of the PAL and PTAL’s functions in the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathways in the evolution of plant species. These findings also have great value for implications such as effective carbon fixation by enhancing lignin biosynthesis through genetic engineering of their key genes in appropriately selected plant species.
Response of Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Six Desert Shrubs to Different Moisture Levels under Greenhouse Conditions
Authors: Luo Yonghong , Yang Hui , Yan Xingfu , Ma Yongrui , Wei Shuhua , Wang Jiazhi , Cao Ziyu , Zuo Zhong , Yang Chunhui , Cheng Jiming
Published: September 2024

Moisture is the most important environmental factor limiting seed regeneration of shrubs in desert areas. Therefore, understanding the effects of moisture changes on seed germination, morphological and physiological traits of shrubs is essential for vegetation restoration in desert areas. In March to June 2023, in a greenhouse using the potting method, we tested the effects of soil moisture changes (5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%) on seed germination and seedling growth of six desert shrubs (Zygophyllum xanthoxylum, Nitraria sibirica, Calligonum mongolicum, Corethrodendron scoparium, Caragana korshinskii, and Corethrodendron fruticosu). Results showed that (1) seed germination percent and vigor index were significantly higher at 15 and 20% soil moisture content than at 5 and 10%; (2) shoot length, primary root length, specific leaf area and biomass of seedlings were significantly higher in the 15% and 20% soil moisture content treatments than in the 5% and 10% treatments; (3) superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and soluble protein content (SP) decreased with decreasing soil water content, while peroxidase activity (POD) and catalase activity (CAT) showed a decreasing and then increasing trend with increasing soil water content; (4) the six seeds and seedling of shrubs were ranked in order of their survivability in response to changes in soil moisture: Caragana korshinskii > Zygophyllum xanthoxylum > Calligonum mongolicum > Corethrodendron scoparium > Corethrodendron fruticosu > Nitraria sibirica. Our study shows that shrub seedlings respond to water changes by regulating morphological and physiological traits together. More importantly, we found that C. korshinskii, Z. xanthoxylum and C. mongolicum were more survivable when coping with water deficit or extreme precipitation. The results of the study may provide a reference for the selection and cultivation of similar shrubs in desert areas under frequent extreme droughts in the future.
Exploring the Causal Relationship between Ibuprofen Use and Osteoarthritis Risk: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Jian Yongzhi , Lyu Yanmin , Hashemolhosseini Said
Published: September 2024

This study explored the potential causal relationship between ibuprofen (IBU) use and the risk of developing osteoarthritis, a prevalent joint disorder characterized by pain and stiffness. We conducted a two-sample MR analysis using four distinct OA GWAS datasets as outcomes and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with IBU metabolism as exposures. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) and weighted median methods were utilized to assess the causal association by meta-analysis, while pleiotropy and heterogeneity were evaluated using MR–Egger regression and Cochran’s Q statistics. The MR analysis provided strong evidence for a causal association between IBU use and an increased risk of OA. A meta-analysis of the IVW and weighted median results across all datasets demonstrated an OR = 1.116 (95% CI = 1.063–1.170) and an OR = 1.110 (95% CI = 1.041–1.184). The consistency of the results obtained from different methods enhanced the reliability of the findings. Low pleiotropy and minimal heterogeneity were observed, further validating the results. The study supports a causal link between IBU use and an increased risk of OA, suggesting that IBU may accelerate the progression of OA while relieving symptoms. These findings highlight the importance of cautious use of IBU in clinical practice, especially considering its potential impact on long-term joint health.
Analysis of the Interrelation and Seasonal Variation Characteristics of the Spatial Niche of Dominant Fishery Species—A Case Study of the East China Sea
Authors: Liu Yong , Cheng Jiahua
Published: September 2024

The spatial niche has garnered significant attention in ecological research, particularly regarding species distribution patterns. The East China Sea, known for its favorable natural conditions and abundant fishery resources, exhibits diverse spatial distribution patterns among species, shaped by their seasonal physiological needs. This study utilized a habitat suitability index model to explore the spatial distribution patterns of key fishery resources in the East China Sea across four seasons and their interactions. Two methodologies were employed to identify key environmental factors and assess the ecological niche overlap among different species and seasons. Results indicated that the initial method identified water temperature as the critical factor for hairtail, while the subsequent method emphasized water temperature and salinity for hairtail, salinity for small yellow croaker, and water depth for Bombay duck. The main spatial habitat overlap was observed between paired species, likely driven by predator-prey interactions. During summer and autumn, increased overlap among multiple species was primarily influenced by synchronized life cycles. An overlap index formula quantified the seasonal species overlap, showing an increase from spring to winter, reflecting changes in convergent habitat preferences. The peak overlap occurred in winter, driven by overwintering, reduced food competition, and enhanced coexistence potential, while the lowest overlap was noted in spring as overwintering ended and predation and competition intensified.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Imidazole Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Al-Ghamdi Huda A. , Almughem Fahad A. , Alshabibi Manal A. , Bakr Abrar A. , Alshehri Abdullah A. , Aodah Alhassan H. , Al Zahrani Nourah A. , Tawfik Essam A. , Damiati Laila A.
Published: September 2024

Imidazole derivatives are considered potential chemical compounds that could be therapeutically effective against several harmful pathogenic microbes. The chemical structure of imidazole, with a five-membered heterocycle, three carbon atoms, and two double bonds, tends to show antibacterial activities. In the present study, novel imidazole derivatives were designed and synthesized to be evaluated as antimicrobial agents owing to the low number of attempts to discover new antimicrobial agents and the emerging cases of antimicrobial resistance. Two imidazole compounds were prepared and evaluated as promising candidates regarding in vitro cytotoxicity against human skin fibroblast cells and antimicrobial activity against several bacterial strains. The synthesized imidazole derivatives were chemically identified using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results demonstrated a relatively high cell viability of one of the imidazole derivatives, i.e., HL2, upon 24 and 48 h cell exposure. Both derivatives were able to inhibit the growth of the tested bacterial strains. This study provides valuable insight into the potential application of imidazole derivatives for treating microbial infections; however, further in vitro and in vivo studies are required to confirm their safety and effectiveness.
Correction: Geng et al. Intracellular Delivery of DNA and Protein by a Novel Cell-Permeable Peptide Derived from DOT1L. Biomolecules 2020, 10, 217
Authors: Geng Jingping , Guo Xiangli , Wang Lidan , Nguyen Richard Q. , Wang Fengqin , Liu Changbai , Wang Hu
Published: September 2024

In the original article [...]
Navigating Surgical Challenges: Managing Juvenile Glaucoma in a Patient with Dorfman–Chanarin Syndrome
Authors: Anton Nicoleta , Dohotariu Francesca Cristiana , Pîrvulescu Ruxandra Angela , Barac Ileana Ramona , Bogdănici Camelia Margareta
Published: September 2024

We report a surgically challenging case, in the context of a diagnosis of juvenile glaucoma refractory to drug therapy, multi-operated, known patient with congenital ichthyosis, part of Dorfman–Chanarin Syndrome (DCS), with a single functional eye. She is a young patient (54) and housewife in an urban environment known to have DCS and BE (both eyes), strong myopia, and congenital nystagmus. She initially underwent cataract surgery in 2015 and again in 2017. As of 2015, she was known to have juvenile glaucoma under maximal therapy. The important increases in pressure started in 2020 when the dermatological condition worsened (exacerbation of skin changes in the context of ichthyosis), the patient is in menopause, and presbyopia has set in. The glaucoma could no longer be controlled with medication and required serial surgery in both eyes (initially in the right eye in 2020 and in the left eye in 2023). The right eye showed a favorable evolution until 2024, when a second trabeculectomy became necessary, with a favorable evolution. Conclusions: To our knowledge, such a case has not been documented in the medical literature. Frequent monitoring of intraocular pressures and prompt treatment are required. It is a rare association, a very complicated case of managing a patient with refractory glaucoma and multiple associated ophthalmic and systemic pathologies. We are also dealing with a single functional eye, difficult to manage due to a thin sclera that has caused intraoperative difficulties, and the association of congenital nystagmus and strabismus.
Identification of Specific Plasma miRNAs as Potential Biomarkers for Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Prodan-Bărbulescu Cătălin , Alin Cristian Daniel , Faur Ionuţ Flaviu , Bujor Georgeta Cristiana , Şeclăman Edward Paul , Enătescu Virgil , Dănilă Alexandra-Ioana , Dăescu Ecaterina , Hajjar Rami , Ghenciu Laura Andreea , Tuţac Paul , Paşca Paul , Cimpean Anca Maria , Duta Ciprian
Published: September 2024

Backround: Depression is a significant concern in clinical and preclinical psychoneurobiological sciences due to its high prevalence and its individual and collective consequences. Identifying efficient biomarkers for accurate diagnosis is crucial, with ideal biomarkers having detectable serum levels and conformational and thermal stability. This study aims to identify stable plasma biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of major depressive disorder, as the pathogenesis of the disorder remains incompletely understood, affecting diagnosis accuracy. Methods: Thus, this study included ten MDD patients and eight healthy controls. The present work analyzed miRNAs in patients with major depressive disorder compared to healthy controls. Results: Eleven specific miRNAs, particularly hsa-miR-874-3p; hsa-let-7d-5p; and hsa-miR-93-3p showed upregulation-type plasma variations in the group of patients with major depressive disorder. miRNA functionality is linked to depressive pathophysiology. Conclusions: This study identifies a “bouquet” of miRNAs with significant upregulation variations in patients with major depressive disorder, suggesting further research to determine their suitability for personalization and evaluation, ultimately becoming integral components of major depression serological evaluations.
Virtual Simulation-Based Optimization for Assembly Flow Shop Scheduling Using Migratory Bird Algorithm
Authors: Zhao Wen-Bin , Hu Jun-Han , Tang Zi-Qiao
Published: September 2024

As industrial informatization progresses, virtual simulation technologies are increasingly demonstrating their potential in industrial applications. These systems utilize various sensors to capture real-time factory data, which are then transmitted to servers via communication interfaces to construct corresponding digital models. This integration facilitates tasks such as monitoring and prediction, enabling more accurate and convenient production scheduling and forecasting. This is particularly significant for flexible or mixed-flow production modes. Bionic optimization algorithms have demonstrated strong performance in factory scheduling and operations. Centered around these algorithms, researchers have explored various strategies to enhance efficiency and optimize processes within manufacturing environments.This study introduces an efficient migratory bird optimization algorithm designed to address production scheduling challenges in an assembly shop with mold quantity constraints. The research aims to minimize the maximum completion time in a batch flow mixed assembly flow shop scheduling problem, incorporating variable batch partitioning strategies. A tailored virtual simulation framework supports this objective. The algorithm employs a two-stage encoding mechanism for batch partitioning and sequencing, adapted to the unique constraints of each production stage. To enhance the search performance of the neighborhood structure, the study identifies and analyzes optimization strategies for batch partitioning and sequencing, and incorporates an adaptive neighborhood structure adjustment strategy. A competition mechanism is also designed to enhance the algorithm’s optimization efficiency. Simulation experiments of varying scales demonstrate the effectiveness of the variable batch partitioning strategy, showing a 5–6% improvement over equal batch strategies. Results across different scales and parameters confirm the robustness of the algorithm.
MSBWO: A Multi-Strategies Improved Beluga Whale Optimization Algorithm for Feature Selection
Authors: Fan Zhaoyong , Xiao Zhenhua , Li Xi , Huang Zhenghua , Zhang Cong
Published: September 2024

Feature selection (FS) is a classic and challenging optimization task in most machine learning and data mining projects. Recently, researchers have attempted to develop more effective methods by using metaheuristic methods in FS. To increase population diversity and further improve the effectiveness of the beluga whale optimization (BWO) algorithm, in this paper, we propose a multi-strategies improved BWO (MSBWO), which incorporates improved circle mapping and dynamic opposition-based learning (ICMDOBL) population initialization as well as elite pool (EP), step-adaptive Lévy flight and spiral updating position (SLFSUP), and golden sine algorithm (Gold-SA) strategies. Among them, ICMDOBL contributes to increasing the diversity during the search process and reducing the risk of falling into local optima. The EP technique also enhances the algorithm′s ability to escape from local optima. The SLFSUP, which is distinguished from the original BWO, aims to increase the rigor and accuracy of the development of local spaces. Gold-SA is introduced to improve the quality of the solutions. The hybrid performance of MSBWO was evaluated comprehensively on IEEE CEC2005 test functions, including a qualitative analysis and comparisons with other conventional methods as well as state-of-the-art (SOTA) metaheuristic approaches that were introduced in 2024. The results demonstrate that MSBWO is superior to other algorithms in terms of accuracy and maintains a better balance between exploration and exploitation. Moreover, according to the proposed continuous MSBWO, the binary MSBWO variant (BMSBWO) and other binary optimizers obtained by the mapping function were evaluated on ten UCI datasets with a random forest (RF) classifier. Consequently, BMSBWO has proven very competitive in terms of classification precision and feature reduction.
Method for Bottle Opening with a Dual-Arm Robot
Authors: Naranjo-Campos Francisco J. , Victores Juan G. , Balaguer Carlos
Published: September 2024

This paper introduces a novel approach to robotic assistance in bottle opening using the dual-arm robot TIAGo++. The solution enhances accessibility by addressing the needs of individuals with injuries or disabilities who may require help with common manipulation tasks. The aim of this paper is to propose a method involving vision, manipulation, and learning techniques to effectively address the task of bottle opening. The process begins with the acquisition of bottle and cap positions using an RGB-D camera and computer vision. Subsequently, the robot picks the bottle with one gripper and grips the cap with the other, each by planning safe trajectories. Then, the opening procedure is executed via a position and force control scheme that ensures both grippers follow the unscrewing path defined by the cap thread. Within the control loop, force sensor information is employed to control the vertical axis movements, while gripper rotation control is achieved through a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithm trained to determine the optimal angle increments for rotation. The results demonstrate the successful training of the learning agent. The experiments confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method in bottle opening with the TIAGo++ robot, showcasing the practical viability of the approach.
The Design of the Dummy Arm: A Verification Tool for Arm Exoskeleton Development
Authors: Filius Suzanne J. , van der Burgh Bas J. , Harlaar Jaap
Published: September 2024

Motorised arm supports for individuals with severe arm muscle weakness require precise compensation for arm weight and elevated passive joint impedance (e.g., joint stiffness as a result of muscle atrophy and fibrosis). Estimating these parameters in vivo, along with the arm’s centre of mass, is challenging, and human evaluations of assistance can be subjective. To address this, a dummy arm was designed to replicate the human arm’s anthropometrics, degrees of freedom, adjustable segment masses, and passive elbow joint impedance (eJimp). This study presents the design, anthropometrics, and verification of the dummy arm. It successfully mimics the human arm’s range of motion, mass, and centre of mass. The dummy arm also demonstrates the ability to replicate various eJimp torque-angle profiles. Additionally, it allows for the tuning of the segment masses, centres of mass, and eJimp to match a representative desired target population. This simple, cost-effective tool has proven valuable for the development and verification of the Duchenne ARm ORthosis (DAROR), a motorised arm support, or ‘exoskeleton’. This study includes recommendations for practical applications and provides insights into optimising design specifications based on the final design. It supplements the CAD design, enhancing the dummy arm’s application for future arm-assistive devices.
Hydrodynamic Simulation and Experiment of a Self-Adaptive Amphibious Robot Driven by Tracks and Bionic Fins
Authors: Xia Minghai , Zhu Qunwei , Yin Qian , Lu Zhongyue , Zhu Yiming , Luo Zirong
Published: September 2024

Amphibious robots have broad prospects in the fields of industry, defense, and transportation. To improve the propulsion performance and reduce operation complexity, a novel bionic amphibious robot, namely AmphiFinbot-II, is presented in this paper. The swimming and walking components adopt a compound drive mechanism, enabling simultaneous control for the rotation of the track and the wave-like motion of the undulating fin. The robot employs different propulsion methods but utilizes the same operation strategy, eliminating the need for mode switching. The structure and the locomotion principle are introduced. The performance of the robot in different motion patterns was analyzed via computational fluid dynamics simulation. The simulation results verified the feasibility of the wave-like swimming mechanism. Physical experiments were conducted for both land and underwater motion, and the results were consistent with the simulation regulation. Both the underwater linear and angular velocity were proportional to the undulating frequency. The robot’s maximum linear speed and steering speed on land were 2.26 m/s (2.79 BL/s) and 442°/s, respectively, while the maximum speeds underwater were 0.54 m/s (0.67 BL/s) and 84°/s, respectively. The research findings indicate that the robot possesses outstanding amphibious motion capabilities and a simplistic yet unified control approach, thereby validating the feasibility of the robot’s design scheme, and offering a novel concept for the development of high-performance and self-contained amphibious robots.
Simple Aseismic Reinforcement of Steel Structures Using Knee Braces with High-Hardness Vises
Authors: Nakahara Hiroyuki , Nan Ding , Chan Iathong
Published: September 2024

A novel technique for upgrading the seismic resistance of steel buildings by adding knee braces to existing structures using vises was proposed by researchers in 2022. A feature of this retrofitting method is the easy setup owing to its use of vises made from high-hardness metal. Tests were conducted to investigate two main failure modes: slipping failure at the connection and yielding and buckling failure of the knee brace. The retrofitting design is discussed based on a comparison between the slipping strengths obtained through tests and calculations. Furthermore, an analytical study, using the finite element method (FEM), was conducted to evaluate the test results of retrofitted frames that failed in terms of the yielding and buckling of the knee braces. The findings of the analyses are consistent with the test results. This study included a stress relaxation test to assess the long-term performance of the vises.
Critical Success Factors for the Widespread Adoption of Virtual Alternative Dispute Resolution (VADR) in the Construction Industry: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis
Authors: Salem Mohamed , Al-Sabah Ruqaya S. , Elnabwy Mohamed T. , Elbeltagi Emad , Tantawy Mohamed
Published: September 2024

This study explores the increasing adoption of virtual alternative dispute resolution (VADR) in the construction industry, enhancing efficiency and accessibility in dispute resolution. VADR is crucial for streamlining processes and reducing participation barriers. The study aims to investigate the critical success factors (CSFs) influencing the adoption of VADR in the construction sector. Given the rising importance of VADR technologies, understanding the key factors driving their acceptance is crucial. The background highlights the growing reliance on innovative technologies to boost operational efficiency and decision-making processes. The data for the study were collected using a cross-sectional design with online structured survey questionnaire (N = 97) from diversified construction industries. Using Smart PLS 4, structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to test the validity, reliability, and proposed hypotheses of the study. The results showed that cost factors had the greatest impact on VADR acceptance, followed by user competence and training, procedural adaptability, and technological infrastructure. Logistical assistance and legal frameworks also had a considerable favorable impact. However, stakeholder buy-in had no significant influence on VADR implementation. The implications indicate that economic feasibility, logistical readiness, flexible procedures, supportive legal contexts, and user skills are significant factors for successful VADR integration. Governments and organizations should deploy VADR technologies to encourage innovation and operational improvement in the construction industry.
Robustness of a Steel Truss Bridge Subjected to Sudden Member Breakage during the Continuous-to-Simply-Supported Transition
Authors: Chen Yanming , Liao Yong , Zhu Liming , Chen Lingkun , Chen Yilian
Published: September 2024

Steel truss bridges are especially vulnerable in the event of a sudden loss of a load-carrying element, which can trigger a chain of failures. This paper describes a unique case study of a steel truss bridge under construction subjected to sudden member breakages with an extensive monitoring system. The failures occurred during the dismantlement of temporary members that had been used to transform a three-span simply supported steel truss bridge into a three-span continuous structure during incremental launching. These temporary members needed to be removed once the bridge reached its final position. The robustness of the bridge was assessed using computer simulations of various failure scenarios to evaluate its capacity to effectively activate alternative load paths (ALPs). The results demonstrated the structural redundancy of the steel truss bridge. However, the dynamic response resulting from the failure of the temporary upper chord, due to the initially high tension in the rods, should not be overlooked. To mitigate this issue, a structural retrofitting method was proposed, involving jacking the truss girder above the side pier to reduce the tension in the temporary upper chord above the middle pier. The effectiveness of this method was demonstrated through both simulated and formal experimental tests.
Construction Sector Transition towards Smart Applications of Graphene Oxide in Cement-Based Composites: A Scientometric Review and Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Qureshi Abdul Hannan , Ahmad Naveed , Rana Muhammad Ashar Atif , Manzoor Bilal , Zayed Tarek
Published: September 2024

Cement-based composites (CBCs) are essential in the construction sector due to their cost-effectiveness, availability, and versatility, but they struggle with low tensile strength and poor heat resistance. Recent advancements have highlighted the potential of nanomaterials, particularly graphene oxide (GO), in enhancing the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of CBCs. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of the incorporation of GO into cementitious composites, examining its impact on microstructure, mechanical properties, rheology, and durability; thus, a bibliometric review and scientometric analysis were conducted to thoroughly evaluate the existing literature. A total of 263 studies were selected for thorough study. It can be concluded that GO content acts as a pore filler, decreasing porosity by 23% and average pore size by 22%, while boosting compressive strength by up to 15% at a 0.05% concentration. It also enhances workability, stability, and resistance to chloride ingress, sulfate attack, alkali–silica reaction, and carbonation. Incorporating GO reduces cement consumption and carbon footprint, leading to more durable structures and supporting sustainable construction by efficiently utilizing waste materials. The optimal GO concentration for these benefits ranges from 0.03% to 0.1% by weight of cement, as higher concentrations may cause agglomeration. GO-modified cementitious materials are well suited for high-performance and durable applications, particularly in environments with chemical and mechanical stresses.