bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NOVEL INSITU GEL SYSTEM IN THE MANAGEMENT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: PADMASRI B. , NAGARAJU R.
Published: September 2022

Objective: To develop in-situ gel formulations of Lornoxicam for sustained release to reduce the dosing frequency in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Methods: The method of ion-sensitive in-situ gel formation was used in this study. Lornoxicam in situ gel formulations were prepared by varying concentrations of sodium alginate as a bio-degradable gel-forming polymer, CaCl2 as a cross-linking agent, and chitosan, HPMCK4, HPMCK15, guar gum, gellan gum, xanthan gum, pectin were used as drug release rate controlling polymers. The formulations F11-F18 were assessed for physical appearance, pH, in vitro drug release, viscosity, in vitro gelling capacity, and drug content. FTIR, DSC, and in vivo drug kinetics studies were conducted for lornoxicam pure drug and optimized formulation.
Results: Formulations showed an optimum viscosity that will allow ease of administration and swallowing. All formulations were shown pH between 6.7 to 7.3, floating lag time was 2-3 sec and floated for 12 h. In vitro, drug release studies were reporting that commercial sustained release formulation of lornoxicam released 99.92% drug in 8 h, and optimized formulation F11 released 99.52% of the drug over a 12 h extended period. FTIR studies revealed no interaction between drugs and excipients used. The results of in vivo kinetic studies are approving the better performance of the optimized formulation. The Cmax, Tmax, t1/2, and AUC values are confirming the same thing.
Conclusion: Lornoxicam oral in situ gel containing chitosan as a drug release controlling polymer is a promising approach for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in a convenient dosage form with better patient compliance and therapeutic response.
NIOSOMES VERSUS PRONIOSOMES AS PROMISING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS IN TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: H. TEAIMA MAHMOUD , I. GEBRIL MOSTAFA , ALLAH FATHY I. ABD , EL-NABARAWI MOHAMED A.
Published: September 2022

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has emerged as an epidemic that has affected millions of people globally in the last few decades. Conventional antidiabetic dosage forms have a lot of problems that necessitate searching for novel drug delivery systems to overcome these drawbacks. Niosomes and proniosomes have been used to carry a wide variety of antidiabetic drugs achieving controlled and sustained release, which improves patient compliance. This review article describes the fundamental aspects of niosomes and proniosomes, including their structural components, methods of preparation, advantages and drawbacks, characterization, factors affecting niosomes formation along with their application in the treatment of diabetes. It also highlights the participation of other drug delivery systems in the treatment of diabetes done, mainly in the last decade.
FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ODT USING DIFFERENT CO-PROCESS CONTAINING DACLATSVIR: IN VITRO AND IN VIVO PHARMACOKINETICS STUDY ON HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS FOR HEPATITIS C TREATMENT
Authors: ABOUHUSSEIN DALIA , TEAIMA MAHMOUD H. , AL-NUSEIRAT ADI , BADARY OSAMA , EL-NABARAWI MOHAMED A. , EL-MONEM REHAB ABD
Published: September 2022

Objective: This study aimed to prepare and evaluate oral disintegrating tablets (ODTs) of Daclatasvir dihydrochloride (DCV) using different co-processed excipients to enhance drug dissolution and improve oral bioavailability for the treatment of hepatitis C infection.
Methods: Ten Daclatasvir-ODTs formulae were prepared using co-processed excipients via direct compression. The prepared formulae were evaluated according to taste masking, weight variation, thickness, friability, hardness, drug content, and wetting time. In vitro disintegration time, in vivo disintegration time, and in vitro dissolution tests were also evaluated and taken as parameters for the selection of the best formula. The selected best formula was subjected to an in vivo study on volunteers and compared to a marketed product.
Results: All DCV-ODTs had acceptable physical properties in accordance with pharmacopeial standards. DCV-ODTs prepared with Pharmaburst® (F10) recorded the shortest wetting time (14±0.08s), fastest in vitro disintegration time (46±0.16s), shortest in vivo disintegration time (27±0.16s), and attained the fastest onset of dissolution (94.3±0.03 %) at 5 min to all other excipients and has been identified as the best formula. The in vivo pharmacokinetic study showed that the Pharmaburst-based formula has a significant Cmax increase of (2.17±0.28 μg/ml) compared to (1.42±0.59) for the marketed product and a significant decrease of Tmax to 60 min instead of 110 min for the marketed product.
Conclusion: The in vivo pharmacokinetic study in humans showed that the ODTs was found to be appropriate for delivery of Daclatasvir with a faster drug absorption rate when compared to the marketed products with applicable taste related to the nature of dosage form.
FORMULATION OF RED FRUIT OIL NANOEMULSION USING SUCROSE PALMITATE
Authors: JUFRI MAHDI , ISWANDANA RADITYA , WARDANI DINA ANGGA , MALIK SITI FACHRUNNISA
Published: September 2022

Objective: Red fruit (Pandanus conoideus) is an endemic plant in the Papua region, Indonesia, and is reported to be very rich in carotenoids (pro-vitamin A), tocopherols (vitamin E), and unsaturated fatty acids. This study aimed to formulate the red fruit oil nanoemulsion in the forms of cream and gel, with sucrose palmitate as the emulsifying agent for topical application to the skin.
Methods: Nanoemulsion was prepared by brute force method using Ultra-Turrax homogenizer as a high-speed mixer. Analyzis of the zeta potential, Polydispersity Index (PDI), particle size, and storage stability of the nanoemulsion cream and gel were also carried out.
Results: Red fruit oil nanoemulsion had pseudoplastic flow properties, a pH of 4.81, a spherical shape, an average particle size of 103.07±1.31 nm, and a PDI of 0.229±0.02. The nanoemulsion cream had plastic flow properties, a pH of 6.45, an average particle size of 391.53±1.31 nm, and a PDI value of 0.701±0.01. The nanoemulsion gel had plastic flow properties, a pH of 5.83, an average particle size of 143.7±3.57 nm, and a PDI value of 0.221±0.03. Antioxidant activities of the cream and gel were determined using 2.2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Inhibition of 50% concentrations (IC50) for cream and gel were 6.14 and 48.85, respectively.
Conclusion: The best red fruit oil nanoemulsion formula contained 10% of surfactant-cosurfactant mix (Smix) composition with a ratio of 9:1. Both the nanoemulsion cream and gel remained physically stable after 12 weeks of storage at three different temperatures, cycling, and centrifugation tests.
DEVELOPMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF ASTRAGALIN-LOADED POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES USING CENTRAL COMPOSITE FACTORIAL DESIGN
Authors: KALIDAS S. , GEETHA P.
Published: September 2022

Objective: The objective of the present study was to develop and optimize Astragalin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (AST-NPs) using a central composite factorial design (CCD).
Methods: AST-NPs were prepared by the dialysis method. CCD was employed to study the influence of formulation factors, polymer concentration, aqueous organic phase ratio, and process parameter stirring time on dependent physicochemical characteristics, particle size, zeta potential, and percentage entrapment efficiency (%EE) of the drugs. The optimized formulation was evaluated for in vitro release studies and subjected to stability studies.
Results: Polymer concentration and process parameters were optimized to produce nanoparticles with desired parameters. The prepared NPs were characterized by Fourier transmission infrared (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), drug loading, entrapment efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, and in vitro studies. FT-IR and DSC studies indicated that there was no interaction between the drug and polymer. The optimized NPs exhibits stability. Optimized NPs exhibited spherical and porous surfaces with a mean PS of 118 nm, the zeta potential of-25 mV, and %EE of 89%.
Conclusion: Astragalin-loaded nanoparticles prepared with optimized formulation composition and process parameters.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF STABILITY INDICATING HPTLC METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF TINIDAZOLE AND FLUCONAZOLE AND ITS APPLICABILITY IN MARKETED DOSAGE FORM
Authors: K. NETHRA , MOHAMMED Z. SHAIK , J. KAVITHA , R. SEETHARAMAN , S. KOKILAMBIGAI K. , S. LAKSHMI K.
Published: September 2022

Objective: The current method is focused on the development and validation of a simple, rapid, precise and robust stability indicating High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography for the simultaneous estimation of anti-infective drugs Tinidazole and Fluconazole in bulk and its pharmaceutical dosage form. The method was tailored to analyse the drugs in their commercial dosage form (tablets) with no interference from ingredients.
Methods: Chromatographic separation was performed over precoated TLC plates (60 F254, 20 cm × 10 cm, 250 μm thickness, Merck) via a linear ascending technique using toluene: acetonitrile as the mobile phase in the ratio 6:4 v/v. Detection and quantification was achieved at the isobestic point of the two drugs, which was observed at 263 nm through Spectro-densitometric analysis. Analytical performance of the proposed HPTLC method was validated according to the ICH guidelines with respect to the linearity, accuracy, precision, detection and quantitation limits, robustness and specificity.
Results: Tinidazole and Fluconazole were well separated and identified with an Rf value of about 0.46±0.03 and 0.75±0.05, respectively. The calibration curves were linear over a concentration range of 800-1200ng/spot for Tinidazole and 60-90ng/spot for Fluconazole with correlation coefficients (r2) more than 0.998. The above-developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines Q2(R1) and was found to be precise, sensitive, accurate and robust.
Conclusion: The validated stability indicating HPTLC method was found to be simple, precise, accurate and sensitive for the concurrent quantification of Tinidazole and Fluconazole in pharmaceutical dosage form and can be released into quality control for regular analysis.
FORMULATION AND STABILITY STUDY OF BLACK CUMIN (NIGELLA SATIVA L.) SEED OIL EMULSION USING SUCROSE PALMITATE AS EMULSIFIER
Authors: JUFRI MAHDI , NAMIRAH JIHAN , SURYADI HERMAN
Published: September 2022

Objective: An emulsion of black cumin seed oil was developed using an orally safe surfactant, sucrose palmitate, to make it more comfortable to consume. 
Methods: The emulsion was made using a 3% concentration of sucrose palmitate to emulsify 5% (F1) and 7.5% (F2) black cumin seed oil to the developed stable emulsion. The hedonic test was applied to 30 panelists, showing the accepted formulation.
Results: The pH value of each formulation degraded during 12 w of storage. The formula of 5% oil (F1) has better physical stability, and its bioactive component, Thymoquinone, showed a slight degradation on the first day. But it showed a rapid degradation after 60 d of storage due to its instability in a solution. The F1 formula (mean = 3.1667) is more preferred than the F2 formula (mean = 3) of the 1-5 hedonic scale, with the significance score (p) valued less than 0.05 and considered to be significantly different from its original form.
Conclusion: The emulsion of black cumin oil can be developed and more comfortable to consume.
QBD-BASED DEVELOPMENT OF ORODISPERSIBLE FILMS OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS
Authors: M. P. GOWRAV , S. K. MANOHAR , GOWDA D. V.
Published: September 2022

This review provides an overview of the application of the Quality by Design (QbD) approach in the formulation and evaluation of the orodispersible films (ODFs) of antipsychotic drugs. Quality by Design involves a well-defined approach with predefined objectives to develop the product or process based on quality risk management and sound science. It comprises the defining of Quality Target Product Profile (QTPP) and Critical Quality Attributes (CQAs), risk assessment, design and development, and evaluation of formulation. The Orodispersible films are ultra-thin, elegant, and portable dosage forms that do not require water to be ingested. It can be used for individuals who require special needs, such as for treating psychosis, schizophrenia, mania, and dysphagia. Hence, it holds tremendous potential in terms of patient compliance, convenience, and pharmacotherapy. They are fabricated by different techniques, which include solvent casting, hot-melt extrusion, 3D printing, and others discussed here. They are evaluated for different attributes like mechanical strength, dissolution, disintegration, tensile strength, folding endurance, and others discussed here. It also provides the significance of stability, packaging, shapes, and patent-related concepts of orodispersible films.
FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT OF MOUTH DISSOLVING PRINTED FILM OF KETOROLAC AND IN VITRO EVALUATION
Authors: KHAN FARHEEN BANO , KILOR VAISHALI , SAPKAL NIDHI , DULE PRIYA
Published: September 2022

Objective: The present research work was carried out to prepare Ketorolac printed Oral Thin Films using a pneumatic pressure printer. In this research, we attempted to prepare a non-contact printing system by using pneumatic pressure-based printer that incorporates printing of active pharmaceutical ingredients onto a medical-grade Orodispersible film for developing personalized medication.
Methods: In the present work Ketorolac Trometamol was used as a model drug. Placebo substrate was developed by using cellulosic polymers like HPMC, MCC, Neusilin, and starch to impart paper-like properties that are desirable for printing. It was evaluated for various physicochemical properties like disintegration time, mechanical strength, folding endurance, surface properties, etc. Polymers and plasticizers were evaluated for the development of drug loaded Printing ink. The drug-printed films were characterized for physicochemical properties and in vitro drug dissolution.
Results: Various film-forming polymers were evaluated for the development of printing substrates. The F3 substrate had desired mechanical properties i.e. the thickness of 0.157±0.003, the tensile strength of 0.331±0.016, disintegration within 60 seconds, and this substrate also maintained its integrity after the printing of the drug ink. The HPMC-based ink (I4) with polyethylene glycol for modulating flow properties of ink in the concentration of 1.40%w/v was selected among various ink formulations. The drug release from the printed films was 98±1.94% in 1 h.
Conclusion: Through this new drug printing technology the limitation of low drug dose loading associated with ink-jet and flexographic printing can be solved by increasing the drug loading ranges from micrograms to milligrams by a single pass of the print head.
IN SILICO INVESTIGATION OF XANTHONE DERIVATIVE POTENCY IN INHIBITING CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II (CA II) USING MOLECULAR DOCKING AND MOLECULAR DYNAMICS (MD) SIMULATION
Authors: KATELIA REGINA , JAUHAR MUHAMMAD MIFTAH , SYAIFIE PUTRI HAWA , NUGROHO DWI WAHYU , RAMADHAN DONNY , ARDA ADZANI GAISANI , MARDLIYATI ETIK , ANSHORI ISA
Published: September 2022

Objective: Hypertension is the leading contributor to all-cause death and disability worldwide. One of the most well-known first-line antihypertensive drugs is chlorthalidone which treats hypertension through carbonic anhydrase (CA) II inhibition. However, due to the high number of cases of hypertension, a more potent medication is still needed. Xanthone is a potential candidate for the compound group for its potency in inhibiting CA II. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate around 500 xanthones’ potency as a better oral antihypertensive drug than chlorthalidone.
Methods: 507 xanthones were analyzed for their potency using in silico method. Xanthone’s structures were retrieved from the PubChem website or built using Avogadro software, while the CA II receptor was retrieved from The RCSB website. Then molecular docking, ADME evaluation, and toxicity test were evaluated from selected ligands. Finally, a molecular dynamics simulation was conducted to evaluate the stability of the potential ligand as the inhibitor of CA II protein.
Results: This research found that globulixanthone c is considered to be a better CA II inhibitor compared to chlorthalidone. It is due to its lower binding affinity compared to chlorthalidone and its stable binding to CA II’s important inhibition sites with low fluctuation. It also has the potential to be consumed orally because it fulfills all of Lipinski's rule of five standards and its toxicity is on the moderate level.
Conclusion: Globulixanthone c, a type of prenylated xanthones group, showed the best potential activity as the inhibitor of CA II protein to treat hypertension among other xanthones.
APPROACHES TO THE SEARCH OF THE OPTIMUM PACKAGING OF EYE DROPS
Authors: IVANOV IVAN SERGEEVICH , BAKHRUSHINA ELENA OLEGOVNA , TURAEVA ANASTASIA ROMANOVNA , SHATALOV DENIS OLEGOVICH , AYDAKOVA ANNA VIKTOROVNA , AKHMEDOVA DIANA ALEKSANDROVNA , ANATOL’EVICH KEDIK STANISLAV
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study is to find a unique ophthalmic packaging that takes into account modern requirements for both maintaining the quality and safety of the drug, compliance with therapy, and increasing the profitability and environmental friendliness of its production. Statistics from open international databases on drugs approved for ophthalmic therapy in 2022 are provided. The research criteria were a valid registration status, the type of packaging and the presence of a preservative in the composition of the eye drops. The results of statistical processing of databases of ministries of health of different countries have shown the relevance of monodose ophthalmic packaging, capable of long-term storage of the drug without preservatives. In many countries, particularly in Europe, many drugs in the form of a monodose containers are registered. On this basis, a unique aluminum-based monodose container design is proposed, eliminating the use of large quantities of plastic.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF HPLC-UV METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF ACRYLAMIDE AND GLYCIDAMIDE IN VOLUMETRIC ABSORPTIVE MICROSAMPLING
Authors: IKHSAN MUHAMMAD , HARAHAP YAHDIANA , SAPUTRI FADLINA CHANY
Published: September 2022

Objective: Acrylamide is a carcinogenic compound that can be found in commonly consumed foods and cigarette smoke. This compound is metabolized by cytochrome P450 in the human body to a more reactive metabolite, glycidamide. This study aimed to optimize and validate a sensitive HPLC-UV method for determining acrylamide and glycidamide simultaneously in the volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) sample.
Methods: Isoniazid as an internal standard was added to the VAMS sample containing acrylamide and glycidamide prior to protein precipitation. The analytes and internal standard were separated using reversed-phase chromatography with the C18 SunfireTMWaters® column (5 µm; 250 mm x 4.6 mm) and an ultraviolet detector.
Results: The optimum chromatographic condition was eluted at a column temperature of 30 °C with a mobile phase of 6 mmol potassium dihydrogen phosphate pH 3.5–methanol (96:4 v/v) using a flow rate of 0.50 ml/min and was detected at 210 nm. The LLOQ was obtained at 1.0 µg/ml for both acrylamide and glycidamide. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 1.0-100.0 µg/ml.
Conclusion: The developed bioanalytical method was valid based on US FDA Guideline for Bioanalytical Method Validation 2018.
PERAMIVIR AND RELATED IMPURITIES IN RAT PLASMA AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN PHARMACOKINETIC STUDIES (BIOANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION BY LC-MS/MS)
Authors: ALUMURI THULASEEDHAR , MERUGU KARUNASREE , AMARABABU NAMBURI L. A. , KURNOOL ARAVIND
Published: September 2022

Objective: New LC-MS/MS method for the estimation of Peramivir and its associated substances was developed and validated
Methods: Optimized (Developed) method includes gradient elution of peramivir and its related substances with a flow of 1 ml/min and waters X-bridge C18 column of dimensions 150 mmx4.6 mm, 3.5µ. 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile were used as the mobile phase. Sarilumab was used as an internal standard. 40 min run time was used to separate peramivir and its related substances.
Results: The calibration curve was linear in the concentration percentage range from 10%-200% of Peramivir and its related substances. The calibration charts plotted were linear with a regression coefficient of R2>0.999. Accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effect and stability results were found to be within the suitable limits. A Simple and efficient method was developed and utilized in pharmacokinetic studies to see the investigated analyte in body fluids.
Conclusion: This application denotes all parameters such as accuracy, precision, recovery, stability etc, which are in good agreement with the USFDA guidelines and are effectively applied to the investigation of the pharmacokinetic studies in rat plasma.
FORMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF HYDROXYUREA LOADED NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIERS USING DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT FOR THE EFFECTIVE TREATMENT OF OVARIAN CANCER
Authors: RAJENDRA PRAHARSH KUMAR MANDADHI , BALAN ANJALI PUTHUSSERIKKUNNU , SELVARAJ JUBIE , JAWAHAR NATARAJAN
Published: September 2022

Objective: Ovarian cancer is the most deadly cancer in women, ranking fourth among all fatal diseases in women. Conventional chemotherapy has its own plethora of challenges, such as side effects and disease relapse. Hydroxyurea is a type of anticancer drug that is commonly used to treat malignancies. This study aims to develop and optimize hydroxyurea nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) to improve the therapeutic index and reduce its side effects in the effective treatment of OC.
Methods: NLCs were prepared by microemulsion technique. They were prepared and optimized using the design of experiment for particle size and drug entrapment efficiency. Particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology, in vitro release, and stability were all examined in the optimized formulation.
Results: The results showed that the particle size of the NLCs was in the range of 224 nm to 634 nm. The drug entrapment efficiency of the NLCs was in the range of 46.33 % to 70.43 %. The optimized NLCs had a particle size of 237 nm, a polydispersity index of 26.9%, and a zeta potential of-29.7 mV. These NLCs were spherical, showed in vitro drug release of 92.21% up to 48 h, and were found to be stable from the stability studies.
Conclusion: This approach could be used as a better drug delivery platform to improve the drug's therapeutic index, reduce its side effects, and be feasible in the effective management of ovarian cancer.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF PROBIOTIC AND PREBIOTIC LOADED PELLETS BY EXTRUSION AND SPHERONIZATION FOR IMPROVED STORAGE VIABILITY
Authors: KUMAR S. HEMANTH , GOWDA D. V. , H. V. GANGADHARAPPA , JAIN VIKAS , CATHERINE ARCHER ANN
Published: September 2022

Objective: The present study aims to prepare stains-loaded enteric-coated pellets by extrusion and spheronization technique for acidic environment protection and improve the viability of the strains during storage.
Methods: Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum strains are proven to have various therapeutic and prophylactic uses in human beings, but low stability during storage and transit to site of action has limited their action. Pellets were prepared by incorporating probiotic strains D1-D9 (L. casei) and E1-E9 (L. plantarum) by further enteric-coating the pellets, which were evaluated for particle size, loss on drying, friability, micromeritic properties, viability, disintegration, survivability in acidic and bile juices, and stability studies for 90 d respectively.
Results: The method employed for preparing the pellets showed good % yields with a particle rage of 1400-850 µm. LoD values were in the range of 3.07±0.30% to 2.13±0.11%; all the prepared pellets showed good flow properties and friability in an acceptable range. SEM images revealed that enteric-coated pellets had smooth and uniformly surfaces. The viability results ranged from 8.78±0.31 to 8.53±0.15 log CFU/g and 8.47±0.15 to 8.85±0.22 log CFU/g for both L. casei and L. plantarum enteric coated pellets, respectively. The Disintegration time for the pellets was<15 min in all the formulations. The enteric-coated probiotic pellets provided adequate protection against the acidic environment. Studies of survivability in simulated gastrointestinal conditions demonstrated that formulations D7 and E7 showed higher viability among the formulations at the end of 3 h. The stability studies showed that the formulations with a higher concentration of Inulin and pectin combination proved better viability of L. casei and L. plantarum strains in the formulation during 90 d of stability study.
Conclusion: This study suggested that using extrusion and spheronization techniques can be employed to prepare pellets with prebiotics (Inulin and Pectin) which can be utilized to formulate probiotic dosage forms with improved viability in physiological conditions and real-time storage conditions
A BRIEF REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR THE ESTIMATION OF TTR KINETIC STABILIZERS IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS AND BIOLOGICAL MATRICES
Authors: SMERIKAROVA MIGLENA , BOZHANOV STANISLAV , MASLARSKA VANIA
Published: September 2022

Transthyretin kinetic stabilizers are used as first-line drug therapy for transthyretin amyloid polyneuropathy mostly in patients unsuitable for liver transplantation. The two drugs prescribed in clinical practice are Tafamidis and Diflunisal. The European Medicines Agency approved Tafamidis for this prescription in 2011 and 2019 American Food and Drug Association also registered it for the same use. Diflunisal is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug but its structural similarities to Tafamidis determine its “off-label” use for such clinical conditions. This review article represents the various analytical methods available in published literature for the determination of Tafamidis and Diflunisal in bulk drugs, pharmaceutical formulations, and biological matrices. Detailed information about all developed quantitative methods consisting of spectrophotometry, spectrofluorimetry, high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet, fluorescence or diode array detection, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and voltammetry is provided and can be effectively used in the development of new analytical procedures and routine drug manufacturing or clinical practice.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE LOADING AMOUNT OF DRUG WITHIN MESOPOROUS SILICA WITH VARIOUS PORE SIZE
Authors: AULIFA DIAH LIA , BUDIMAN ARIF
Published: September 2022

Objective: The loading of drugs into mesoporous silica (MS) is an effective strategy to improve the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. Previous reports have stated that the surface area and pore volume of MS can affect drug loading and its crystallization in MS. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the effect of MS pore size on the maximum drug loading and its dissolution profile.
Methods: The ritonavir (RTV) and itraconazole (ITZ) were encapsulated-MS using the solvent evaporation method. The RTV and ITZ loaded-MS were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and PXRD measurement.
Results: The amorphization of RTV loaded-MPS and ITZ loaded-MPS were confirmed as a halo pattern in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern. The melting peak and the glass transition of RTV and ITZ were not discovered in MS with the pore size of 80 Å (weight ratio of 3:7), while in the RTV and ITZ loaded-MS with the pore size of 45 Å, the melting peak and the glass transition were observed. This indicated that the loading amount of RTV and ITZ with larger pore sizes is higher than the lower sizes.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the pore size of MS has a significant effect on the loading amount of drugs in MS.
Financial Resource Management Towards Sustainable Operations of RCEP-funded Farm Machinery Enterprises in Science City of Muñoz
Authors: A. Adajar Angeline , D. Batacan Kimberlene , Buendia Chyrisse , V. Gabay Paul John , E. Balaria Felipe
Published: September 2022

This descriptive study looked at the financial resource management of Rice Competitiveness Enhancement Program (RCEP)-funded farm machinery firms in the Science City of Muñoz. To obtain data, a survey questionnaire with a consent form was employed. The data gathered were analyzed using frequency counts and percentages. All of the Rice Farmers Associations (RFAs) who were chosen purposively as respondents of this study own and operate four-wheel tractor services in the form of an enterprise. Findings of the study show that the preparedness of most respondents was attributed to the existence of a financial and operational plan. Also, using tools for up-to-date recordkeeping of financial transactions was an indicator of sustainable operations. On the other hand, financial dilemmas such as the lack of operating capital and incorrect allocation of funds, so as the inability to collect unpaid obligations and delayed payments from farmers, consequently led to unsustainable operations.
Neuroética: relaciones entre mente/ cerebro y moral/ética
Authors: Maldonado Paz Gerardo
Published: September 2022

Frente a un contexto de violencia e inseguridad como el que vivimos en nuestro país, surgen preguntas acerca de las razones que nos condujeron a un entorno hostil al que prácticamente nos hemos habituado. Muchas de esas respuestas se sostienen en argumentos económicos o políticos; sin embargo, cuando se habla de pérdida de valores, de falta de empatía, de indolencia ante actos de justicia, se apela a la voz de aquellas disciplinas que han estudiado al ser humano como un ente moral, ético.
FPGA Implementation of Digital Modulation Schemes Using Verilog HDL
Authors: J Padmini. , Nanammal V.
Published: September 2022

Abstract: This paper describes the design and development of an FPGA-based digital Modulation Scheme for high-resolution Communication Application. We are focusing on implementation of Verilog based code simulation for fundamental and widely used digital modulation techniques such as Binary Amplitude-shift keying (BASK), Binary Frequency-shift keying (BFSK), Binary Phase-shift keying (BPSK) and Quadrature Phase Shift Keying(QPSK). In this work the idea of sinusoidal signals that have been generated is plain sailing in nature and based on fundamentals of signal sampling and quantization. Such concept of sinusoidal signals generation is not unfamiliar but somehow simplified using sampling and quantization in time and amplitude domain, respectively. The whole simulation is done on Modelsim and Xilinx-ISE using VERILOG Hardware descriptive language. The work has been accomplished on Thirty two bit serial data transmission with self-adjustable carrier frequency and bit duration length.
Community Political Participation In The 2019 Presidential And Vice-Presidential Elections In Malang Regency
Authors: Haruni Catur WIdo
Published: September 2022

Elections are a form of the will of the people in a democracy, without any election a country that calls its country a democracy must not be a democracy in the truest sense.  Democracy cannot live alone without the participation of the people.  Democracy is a superstructure that must be sustained by the substructure, that is, the people.  It is within this framework that society can play a role as a subject in determining the future direction of the nation and its state. In the 2019 Presidential and Vice-Presidential Elections, the level of participation of the people of Malang Regency is quite high and the high factor of the level of political participation of the people of Malang Regency is inseparable from the role and function of the KPU, the Po Party litik, Civil Society and the media are going well to make the 2019 elections a success.
Digital Literacy: Arabic Teacher Competencies in Distance Learning
Authors: Aulia Aulia Mustika Ilmiani , Hamidah Hj , Adelina Dewi Nuryaman  , Samdouni Soukaina
Published: September 2022

The transformation of learning statically requires teachers to adapt to technology to face significant changes, especially in terms of adoption of digital education. What the teacher provides is not only the transmission of learning materials, but also digital literacy to facilitate the needs of students according to conditions in the field. Based on preliminary data, it is known that Arabic language teachers at Madrasah Aliyah Nuruzholam, Seruyan Regency, Central Kalimantan experience problems in terms of limited ability in the field of learning technology. The research method used was descriptive qualitative method which aimed to describe the digital literacy competence of Arabic language teachers at Madrasah Aliyah Nuruzholam. The results of the study showed that the digital literacy competence of Arabic language teachers can be seen from the teacher's activities such as; First, teachers can use the internet and use Google as a medium for finding information. Second, teachers obtain information by using the internet, Third, familiar teachers use the YouTube application as a means of finding information or learning Arabic resources. Fourth, the teacher uses the information obtained as a source of learning Arabic without any validation of data processing.
Porn videos as evidence of adultery: a comparative study of Indonesian criminal law and Islamic law
Authors: Kurniawan Kukuh Dwi
Published: September 2022

Adultery is one of the categories of crimes that are prohibited under Indonesian law and is also categorized as a major sin according to Islamic law. With so many porn videos circulating through social media or the internet, the question of what if porn videos are used as evidence in court so that they can prosecute adulterers is raised. The purpose of this study is to find video criteria that can be used as legal evidence according to Islamic law and Indonesian Criminal Law. This study aims to find video criteria presented as legal evidence according to Indonesian criminal law and Islamic law so that it can be used as a reference for reforming Indonesian criminal law. This research was conducted by comparing Indonesian criminal law and Islamic law regarding video criteria as evidence of adultery. The results of this study found that according to Indonesian criminal law, because of the Constitutional Court's Decision No. 20/PUU-XIV/2016 there are limitations on videos that can be used as evidence in court, namely the method of acquisition must be in accordance with applicable legal rules. Meanwhile, according to Islamic criminal law, videos can be used as evidence of qorinah or instructions, but materially the content of the video contains the entry of almurd into the mikhalah. Based on these findings, the adultery video can be used as legal evidence, it can be referred to base on Islamic law by positioning it as evidence of guidance, and although qoth'i there must be four men as witnesses on charges of adultery.
Peranan room attendant dalam upaya menerapkan standar operasional prosedur pembersihan kamar tamu di the kayon resort
Authors: Widarta Dewa Gede Dwika
Published: September 2022

Resort yang dibangun mengikuti kontur tanah dan bekerja dengan sebanyak mungkin habitat alami yang ada untuk menyatu dengan lingkungan sekitarnya, menghormati larangan untuk menjaga kesembuhan. Sedangkan Kayon artinya pohon kehidupan dengan keceriaan dan tantangan warna-warni, bentuk kayon diimplementasikan pada arsitektur, kolam renang, bak mandi dan detil karya seni. Rumusan masalah yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimanakah kualitas pelayanan room attendant dalam penyiapan kamar tamu di The Kayon Resort. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas pelayanan room attendant dalam penyiapan kamar tamu di The Kayon Resort. Guna memecahkan permasalahan dalam penelitian ini dipergunakan teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif dengan memaparkan dan menguraikan bagaimana kualitas pelayanan room attendant dalam penyiapan kamar tamu. Dari analisis deskriptif kuantitatif yang telah dilakukan maka hasil yang dapat diperhitungkan rata-rata secara umum diperoleh dengan kategori “Cukup Baik” atau “Cukup Memuaskan”, dengan kata lain kualitas pelayanan room attendant dapat cukup memuaskan tamu yang menginap di The Kayon Resort dengan memperhatikan indikator yang kurang memenuhi keinginan tamu yaitu kecakapan room attendant dalam menggunakan bahasa asing untuk berkomunikasi dengan tamu, menjaga keamanan kamar dengan baik dan juga keinginan room attendant dalam mendengarkan keinginan tamu.
Upaya supervisor dalam meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan pramusaji di husk restoran the royal beach seminyak bali
Authors: Trianata I Putu
Published: September 2022

Husk Restoran merupakan salah satu Restoran di The Royal Beach Seminyak Bali. Bedasarkan hasil pengamatan awal ditemukan beberapa permasalahan dari kualitas tentang pelayanan di Husk Restoran. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui upaya supervisor dalam meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan pramusaji. Dalam penelitian ini jenis data yang digunakan yaitu kualitatif, dalam proses penelitian ini teknik pengumpualan data yang digunakan adalah observasi dan wawancara. Adapun teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif kualitatif. Dari hasil pengumpulan data ditemukan berbagai kendala yang dihadapi oleh pramusaji yaitu rendahnya disiplin pramusaji dalam mengikuti pelatihan SOP, terlambatnya waktu penyajian makanan, karyawan masih ada yang tidak berpenampilan rapi dan kurang memperhatikan SOP personal hygine dan sanitasi, kurangnya informasi dan ketidak fasihan pengetahuan menu dan bahasa asing serta kurangnya kecekatan pramusaji dalam menghadapi komplain dari tamu. Adapun upaya Supervisor dalam meningkatakan kualitas pelayanan peramusaji yaitu dengan memberikan pelatihan SOP, memberikan breifing kepada pramusaji dan memberikan pelatihan tentang product knowledge kepada pramusaji.
Analisis tingkat kepuasan terhadap pelayanan “drive thru” menurut para konsumen di restoran mc’donalds nangka gatsu barat denpasar
Authors: Maradiana Putu Mika
Published: September 2022

Restoran McDonalds merupakan restoran cepat saji yang menerapkan pelayanan drive thru dimana pelayanan drive thru menjadi solusi di masa pandemi COVID-19 yang berkepanjangan guna untuk menerapkan sosial distancing. Karena pelayanan drive thru merupakan sebuah layanan pesan bawa pulang yang menempatkan pelanggan untuk dapat membeli produk dengan cepat tanpa turun dari kendaraan.penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mrngetahui kualitas pelayanan yang diberikan oleh restoran McDonalds dengan meneliti lima dimensi kualitas pelayanan yaitu tangible, reability, responsiveness, assurance dan empathy. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi dan kuisioner. Teknik analisis data menggunakan metode analisis kuantitatif dan servqual (Service Quality) hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan dari 52 responden. Diketahui analisis kualitas pelayanan di Restoran McDonalds dari lima aspek dimensi menunjukkan hasil yang positif atau baik , dengan nilai gap dari masing masing dimensi yaitu tangible -0,9 , reliability 0,20 , responsiveness 0,02 , assurance 0,13 dan empathy 0,13 dengan nilai rata- rata dari kelima dimensi tersebut 0,19. Namun harus dilakukan perbaikan berdasarkan dimensi tangible yang harus di tingkatkan karena di anggap tidak sesuai dengan persepsi pelanggan.
Strategi pengembangan wisata spiritual candi purwo kabupaten banyuwangi, jawa timur
Authors: Jayanti Fitri Widyana
Published: September 2022

Perkembangan pariwisata di Banyuwangi terlihat dari banyaknya destinasi wisata baru yang muncul. Tidak hanya wisata alam dan buatan, melainkan wisata spiritual juga merupakan tempat destinasi wisata minat khusus yang dikembangkan sebagai pariwisata di Banyuwangi. Wisata spiritual di Banyuwangi dikembangkan berdasarkan banyaknya peninggalan sejarah yang masih diyakini kebenarannya salah satunya adalah Candi Purwo yang terletak di Dusun Pondokasem, Desa Kedungasri, Banyuwangi. Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor pendukung dan penghambat serta strategi alternatif yang dapat dilakukan dalam upaya pengembangan wisata spiritual di Candi Purwo Banyuwangi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis SWOT untuk pembahasan rumusan masalah. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Teknik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Pada penelitian ini terdapat 5 informan yang terdiri dari Kepala Desa Kedungasri, Ketua Pengelola Candi Purwo, Pemangku Candi Purwo, RT Desa Pondokasem, serta perwakilan masyarakat Dusun Pondekasem. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat faktor pendukung dan penghambat sebagai kekuatan dan kelemahan Candi Purwo berupa adanya sebuah candi, pelestarian adat dan buadaya, kegiatan khusus yang diselenggarakan, papan penunjuk jalan serta wisata alam sebagai faktor pendukung (kekuatan). Faktor penghambat (kelemahan) berupa jauh dari pusat kota, kurangnya dana, kurangnya kesadaran dari pemerintah, belum adanya pemasaran, dan kesadaran masyarakat menegnai pariwisata. Selain itu, terdapat strategi alternatif dalam upaya pengembangan wisata spiritual di Candi Purwo salah satunya adalah penambahan atraksi wisata yang akan menambah minat kunjung wisatawan dan pengembangan wisata spiritual dengan memenuhi pilar 4A utama untuk memberikan kenyamanan bagi pengunjung.
Analisis persepsi wisatawan terhadap potensi wisata di desa wisata kamasan klungkung
Authors: Lestari Ni Kadek Leni
Published: September 2022

Desa Wisata Kamasan merupakan salah satu desa wisata yang terletak di tengah Kota Klungkung. Desa ini terkenal dengan kesenian lukisan wayang khas kamasan, dimana kesenian ini sudah ada turun-temurun. Sampai saat ini kesenian melukis wayang khas kamasan masih dilestarikan oleh masyarakat setempat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi potensi wisata yang ada di Desa Kamasan dan untuk mengetahui persepsi wisatawan terhadapt potensi wisata yang ada di des aini sehingga dapat menjadi acuan pengelola Desa Wisata Kamasan dalam pengembangan wisata di Desa Wisata Kamasan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, dimana dengan mendeskripsikan hasil dari wawancara, observasi, dokumen dan penyebaran kuesioner terhadap wisatawan. Responden dari penelitian ini yakni sebanyak 30 orang wisatawan ang pernah berkunjung ke Desa Wisata Kamasan.Hasil dari penelitian ini adalan menyatakan bahwa persepsi wisatwan terhadap potensi wisata ang dimiliki oleh Desa Wisata Kamasan adalah baik, dimana persepsi ini di tinjau dari segi atraksi wisata, akses dan juga sarana prasarama pariwisata. Adapun skor yang diperoleh dari segi atraksi adalah sebesar 1158 dengan kategori setuju, dari segi akses memperoleh skor 589 dengan kategori setuju dan dari segi sarana prasarana memperoleh nilai 794 dengan kategori setuju.Kesimpulan dari penilitian ini adalah secara keseluruhan Desa Wisata Kamasn mendapatkan persepsi yang positif terhadap potensi wisata yang ada di Desa wisata Kamasan.
Pengaruh kualitas pelayanan dan produk terhadap kepuasan konsumen di naughty nuri’s warung seminyak
Authors: Kusuma Anak Agung Ngurah Arindra
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas pelayanan dan produk terhadap kepuasan konsumen di Naughty Nuri’s Warung Seminyak. Waktu penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli – Agustus 2021. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah konsumen yang telah menggunakan jasa dan produk di Naughty Nuri’s Warung Seminyak. Penentuan jumlah sampel mempergunakan teori Hair et al dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 70 responden. Teknik dalam pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini adalah non-probability sampling dengan accidental sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan penyebaran kuisioner kemudian dilakukan analisis kuantitatif yang meliputi: uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi linear berganda, uji koefisien determinasi (R2), serta pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji F dan uji t. Hasil pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kualitas pelayanan dan produk berpengaruh positif dan signifikan secara simultan terhadap kepuasan konsumen yang ditunjukkan dengan tingkat signifikansi 0,000. Kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan konsumen dengan tingkat signifikansi sebesar 0,001. Kualitas produk berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan konsumen dengan tingkat signifikansi sebesar 0,000. Hasil tersebut menandakan bahwa untuk meningkatkan kepuasan konsumen di Naughty Nuri’s Warung Seminyak, pihak manajemen perlu memperhatikan faktor kualitas pelayanan dan produk dikarenakan faktor – faktor tersebut terbukti mempengaruhi kepuasan konsumen.
Strategi pemasaran dalam meningkatkan tingkat hunian kamar pada hotel asri melawi selama masa pandemi covid-19
Authors: Sanjaya Beni Setiawan
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini membahas strategi pemasaran dalam meningkatkan tingkat hunian kamar pada Hotel Asri Melawi selama masa pandemi Covid-19 dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis kondisi bauran pemasaran, kondisi internal dan eksternal, dan untuk mengetahui strategi alternatif yang dapat diterapkan di Hotel Asri Melawi. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan melakukan wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi, dan juga penyebaran kuesioner kepada 3 responden. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif kualitatif, IFAS-EFAS dan analisi SWOT. Hasil penelitian dengan analisis SWOT didapat posisi Hotel Asri Melawi berada pada kuadran II, yakni menggunakan kekuatan untuk memanfaatkan peluang dengan cara strategi diversifikasi. Strategi diversifikasi yang dapat dilakukan oleh Hotel Asri Melawi adalah dengan memanfaatkan teknologi digital yang menjadi pengaruh besar dalam promosi yang dimana sebagian besar orang telah beralih ke online di masa pandemi Covid-19.
Pengaruh kepemimpinan dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada front office department di the seminyak beach resort and spa
Authors: Prasaja Bhartemius
Published: September 2022

Kepemimpinan dan disiplin kerja sangat penting untuk meningkatkan kinerja karyawan. Kepemimpinan adalah cara seorang pemimpin mempengaruhi perilaku bawahan agar mau bekerjasama dan bekerja secara produktif untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi, sedangkan disiplin kerja adalah suatu sikap menghormati dan menghargai suatu peraturan yang berlaku, baik secara tertulis maupun tidak tertulis serta sanggup menjalankannya dan tidak menolak untuk menerima sanksi-sanksi apabila dia melanggar tugas dan wewenang yang diberikan kepadanya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepemimpinan dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada front office department di The Seminyak Beach Resort and Spa. Jenis data yang digunakan yaitu data kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dengan sampel sebanyak 30 orang responden dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi linier berganda, uji f, dan uji t. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan dan disiplin kerja memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan dan positif terhadap kinerja karyawan pada Front Office Department di The Seminyak Beach Resort and Spa dengan nilai signifikansi yang diperoleh melalui Hasil uji F diperoleh nilai signifikansi yang diperoleh yakni 0,000 kurang dari 0,05 (0,000,<0,05) sehingga Ho ditolak.