bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OECD ÜLKELERİNİN LOJİSTİK PERFORMANS ENDEKSLERİNİN RİDGE REGRESYON ANALİZİ İLE ARAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: EYGÜ Hakan , KILINÇ Arife
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, OECD ülkelerinin Lojistik Performans Endeksi değerlerine göre incelenmesidir. Günümüzde lojistik sektörü, dünyada hızlı gelişme gösteren en etkili sektörlerden biri olmuştur. Böylece lojistik sektörünün gelişen dünya düzeni ile birlikte birçok ülkeyi diğerlerinden ayıran bir kriter olduğu söylenebilir. Gelişmeleri takiben ülkelerin lojistik faaliyetlerini ölçmek için bazı performans göstergelerinin geliştirilmesi mecburi hale gelmiştir. Bunlardan en önemlisi Dünya Bankası tarafından geliştirilmiş. Lojistik Performans Endeksi (LPE)’dir. Araştırmada 2018 yılında yayımlanan Lojistik Performans Endeksi istatistiklerine dayalı olarak Ridge regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Çok değişkenli verileri analiz etmek için kullanılan Ridge regresyon, çoklu bağlantı olması durumunda EKK yöntemine alternatif olarak geliştirilen yanlı tahmin yöntemlerinden biridir. Bu yöntemin işleyişi en küçük kareler yöntemine benzerdir. Ayrıca sadece varyans ve kovaryans matrisinin köşegen değerlerine küçük bir yanlılık sabiti Ridge parametresi (k) eklenmesiyle en küçük kareler yönteminden ayrılmaktadır. Bağımlı değişken olarak genel LPE puanının alındığı çalışmada; gümrük, altyapı, uluslararası taşımacılık, lojistik yeterliliği ve kalitesi, takip ve kolaylık ile zamanlılık bağımsız değişkenler olarak kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda; genel LPE puanı ile gümrük, altyapı, uluslararası taşımacılık, lojistik yeterliliği ve kalitesi ile zamanlılık değişkenleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğuna karar verilmiştir. Lojistik Performans Endeksi kapsamında OECD ülkelerini ele almış çalışmalar, literatürde sınırlı sayıda bulunmaktadır. Dolayısıyla yapılmış olan çalışma literatürde yer alan bu boşluğa bir katkı sağlayacaktır. Aynı zamanda LPE konusunda yeni bir yöntemin denenmiş olması da bu çalışmanın diğer ayrıcalıklı özelliğidir.
BULGARİSTAN’DA TÜRKÇE EĞİTİM VE İLKÖĞRETİM İKİNCİ KADEME TÜRKÇE DERS KİTAPLARININ (1992-2019 YILLARI) KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: DOĞAN Levent , GÜLVODİNA Gonca
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı Balkan ülkeleri içinde en fazla Türk nüfusu barındıran Bulgaristan’daki Türkçe öğretimini tarihsel olarak ele almak ve Bulgaristan’da 1992 yılı ve 2019 yıllarında basılan ilköğretim ikinci kademe Türkçe ders kitaplarını biçim ve içerik açısından irdelemektir. Bulgaristan’daki Türkçe öğretimi sürecini geçmişten günümüze: Tanzimat Öncesi, Tanzimat Sonrası, Prenslik, Krallık, Komünizm ve Demokrasi Dönemi olmak üzere altı başlık altında sınıflandırmak mümkündür. Araştırmamızda bu dönemlerde yürütülen eğitim politikaları ve karşılaşılan sorunlar ayrıntılı bir biçimde dile getirilmiştir. Özellikle ders kitabı meselesi ve Bulgar devlet makamlarının yaratmış olduğu sorunlar araştırılarak incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın giriş bölümünde Bulgaristan’daki Türkçe eğitimin temellerinin atıldığı Osmanlı Döneminden başlayarak günümüze kadar Türkçe eğitim sisteminin ayrıntılı incelenmesine yer verilmiştir. Ardından 1992 yılında özel bir kanunla basılan ilköğretim ikinci kademe ders kitapları ile 2019 yılı ilköğretim ikinci kademe Türkçe ders kitapları incelenerek karşılaştırılmıştır. Yerel kaynaklar aracılığıyla elde edilen kitapların ilk olarak künyeleri verilmiş daha sonra biçim ve içerik özelliklerine bakılmıştır. Çeşitli açılardan incelenen ilköğretim ikinci kademe ders kitaplarının genel değerlendirilmesi sonuç bölümünde yapılmıştır. Çalışma bulgularından 1992 yılı ders kitaplarının güncelliğini yitirmesinin yanında çağdaş dil öğretiminden de geri kaldığı saptanmıştır. 2019 yılında basılan ve günümüzde okutulan ders kitaplarının ise geleneksel eğitim anlayışının dışına çıkamadığı ve eğitim-öğretim yeterlilikleri açısından oldukça zayıf olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
MODELADO, SIMULACIÓN E IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE MÓDULO DE LEVITACIÓN MAGNÉTICA PARA INVESTIGACIÓN ROTODINÁMICA EN EL PREGRADO
Authors: Vives Garnique Juan Carlos , Alvarado Silva Carlos Alexis , Olortegui Yume Jorge Antonio
Published: December 2020

En este trabajo se desarrolló una interfaz gráfica de usuario (GUI) para simulación de un banco de pruebas de levitación magnética de utilidad en el diseño e instrucción virtual en el pregrado. Esta herramienta virtual basa su lógica en el diseño paramétrico y modelos matemáticos de electromagnetismo y resistencia de materiales. Esta GUI permite al usuario tomar decisiones de diseño a medida que la información de los valores de las variables relevantes se ingresa mostrando su influencia en curvas paramétricas comparativas. Como herramienta de instrucción la GUI puede utilizarse en los cursos de Electromagnetismo, Maquinas Eléctricas y Diseño Electromecánico. Mediante el uso de la GUI se logró desarrollar el diseño preliminar del propio módulo de levitación magnética el cual se encuentra en su estadio inicial de fabricación.
Este módulo permite manipular las variables de entrada y variables geométricas para calcular los datos de la corriente en polo, carga ejercida por el polo, flujo de corriente; dimensionamiento de los elementos del banco de ensayos, además de calcular las fuerzas electromagnéticas necesarias para levitar el eje de la volante. Finalmente, el dimensionamiento del eje y rodamiento magnético activo se seleccionan en base a los valores disponibles proporcionados por el fabricante.
Determinantes sociales y meta de tuberculosis en los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible en las Américas
Authors: Bernal Oscar , López Rafael , Montoro Ernesto , Avedillo Pedro , Westby Keisha , Ghidinelli Massimo
Published: December 2020

Objetivo. Determinar el comportamiento de los indicadores de incidencia de tuberculosis (TB) y número de muertes por TB en el marco de la meta 3.3 de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) y su correlación con los determinantes sociales.

Métodos. Se utilizó una metodología de estudio ecológico, en el cual la unidad de análisis es la población. Para el análisis de los determinantes sociales, se hizo uso del modelo de regresión binomial negativo y la fuerza de asociación.

Resultados. En las Américas se ha presentado una disminución promedio anual en la tasa de incidencia de TB de 0,3% entre 2009 y 2018; sin embargo, de 2015 a 2018 ha habido un aumento, pasando de 27,6 a 28,8 por 100 000 habitantes. Con respecto a los determinantes sociales, los grupos de países con índice de desarrollo humano (IDH) y producto interno bruto (PIB) más bajos tienen una incidencia de TB más alta. El riesgo de TB en el país con IDH más bajo es seis veces mayor que en el país con IDH más alto.

Conclusiones. Al ritmo de la disminución actual de la tasa de incidencia y del número de muertes por TB, la Región de las Américas no alcanzará las metas propuestas en los ODS y en la Estrategia Fin de la TB. Se requiere una implementación y expansión rápidas de las intervenciones en prevención y control de TB para lograrlo. Esto implica, entre otras acciones, reducir las barreras de acceso al diagnóstico y tratamiento y fortalecer las iniciativas para abordar los determinantes sociales.
“This is why students feel lost when they go into teaching practice”: English Language Teachers’ Views on their Initial Teacher Education
Authors: Garton Sue
Published: December 2020

The last 20-25 years have seen a significant shift in the views about what teachers need to know to be able to teach. This shift has led to new developments in the theory of second language teacher education (SLTE) and a growth in research in this area. One area of research concerns the attitudes and expectations of those learning to become teachers. While most studies in this area focus on teacher education programmes in BANA countries, this article looks at data from student teachers studying in Russia and Uzbekistan. The study employed a quantitative and qualitative research design, using a researcher-designed on-line questionnaire. Through snowball sampling, data from 161 students and recent graduates in the two countries were collected, analysed, and compared to investigate the content of SLTE programmes. The study identified what the novice teachers felt were the strengths and weaknesses of their programme, and what changes they would like to see. Results showed that while the respondents were mainly satisfied with their methodology, and theoretical linguistics courses, they felt the need for more practice, both teaching and language practice. The data also revealed that, in Uzbekistan in particular, the idea of global English struggles to take hold as native-speaker models remain the norm. The implications of the study underline the need for SLTE to explicitly link theory to practice and to promote the idea of varieties of English, rather than focus on native-speaker norms.
Mesembrianthemum – crystal vegetable
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Konstantinovich A.V. , Piskareva A.V.
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the history and prospects of growing crystal mesembrianthemum as a salad culture. Data on the nutritional value, Botanical characteristics, and agrotechnical features of crystal mesembryanthemum are presented.
Agrotechnics, plant protection and immunity in improving the phytosanitary condition of crops Flax in Russia
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Zaitseva L.A. , Kudryavtsev N.A. , Morozov D.O. , Chebanenko V.V.
Published: December 2020

The Federal scientific center for bast crops has long been creating varieties with high resistance to 2 diseases (rust and Fusarium wilt), and now successfilly solves the problem of forming resistance to 3 (rust, Fusarium and Anthracnose) and even to 4 diseases (rust, Fusarium, Anthracnose and Pasmo). New proposals for phytosanitary monitoring and forecasting racionalize plant protection in relation to flax production. Ecologized biological preparations (for example, Vitaplan, Sternifag) are effective against flax diseases (Bacteriosis, Anthracnose, Mottling, etc.) and contribute to the preservation of the flax crop.
Influence of the growing year and storage period of winter wheat seeds on their initial contamination and germination
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Beloshapkina O.O. , Potapova E.S.
Published: December 2020

In this article the results of the seeds phytoexamination of winter wheat varieties from the world collection of the All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Industry gathered in Moscow region in different years with different meteorological data are shown. The seed quality in the varieties is reduced mainly due to the presence of molds of the Mucor spp. genus as well as pathogens of the Alternaria spp. and Fusarium spp. genera. Seed germination and it's energy varied in different varieties from 11 to 100%. After nine years of storage under the same conditions, seeds of different varieties harvested in a wet year showed a lower viability than seeds harvested in a dry year.
Assessment of collection samples of spring soft wheat in the conditions of the Non-Black Earth zone of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Khomutova A.A. , Vertikova E. A.
Published: December 2020

A comparative assessment of spring wheat varieties was carried out in the collection nursery. Under the conditions of the Non-Black Earth Zone of the Russian Federation, varieties that are promising for breeding spring soft wheat were identified. The studied varieties: Laval 19, Violetta, Biggar, Ac Taber, KVS Aquilon and Ac Carma are recommended for further study and use in the breeding program of crossbreeding.
The methods of cultivation of cucumbers in the open ground
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Konstantinovich A.V. , Terekhova V.I.
Published: December 2020

The results of studies of methods of growing cucumber in open ground conditions, providing high yield and marketable quality of products in the non-black earth zone of Russia, are presented.
Productivity of soya northern ecotype of variety «Light» depending on peronosporosis in Kaluga region
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Demyanenko E.V.
Published: December 2020

The causative agent of peronosporosis has a negative effect on the formation of leaf area, symbiotic apparatus, and also reduces the productivity of soy seeds of the northern ecotype.
Yield of crops of grain crop rotation depending on basic tillage
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Belenkov A.I. , Zhelezova S.V. , Bereza D.V.
Published: December 2020

The article considers the issues of the influence of the main tillage on the yield of crops of grain-tilled crop rotation: vetch-oat mixture - winter wheat - potatoes - barley. It was found that in addition to the reception of soil cultivation, the productivity of agrocenoses was also influenced by meteorological conditions.
Prospects for the Develropment of Organic production of Crop product
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Shitikova A.V. , Bazhenova S.S. , Lyakina V.O.
Published: December 2020

The results of an analytical review of the prospects for the development of organic production are presented. The organic food market is one of the most dynamically developing in the world. It has grown more than fivefold over the past decade. In connection with the entry into force of the Federal law "on organic products and on amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation" (2018), which is aimed at creating conditions for the sustainable development of organic agriculture in Russia in order to provide the domestic market with domestic environmentally friendly food products, through the implementation of the country's natural and economic potential, the intensification of agricultural production will allow Russia to become one of the world market leaders in "ecological agriculture"products.
Efficiency of treatment systems with different intensity of impact on soil in crop rotation
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Borin А.A. , Loshchinina A.E. , Evseev V.V.
Published: December 2020

The research on sod-podsolic soils was studied in stationary field crop rotation. Three systems of soil treatment were compared: moldboard plowing (commonly used), flat plowing and combined plowing (moldboard and flat). Maximum yielding in rotation crop was shown at flat plowing – 28,7 centners/ha, a little less at moldboard and combined plowing – 27,7 centners/ha.
Investigating critical flicker fusion frequency for monitoring gas narcosis in divers
Authors:   Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, Vrijdag Xavier CE ,   Deep Dive Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, van Waart Hanna ,   Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, Sleigh Jamie W ,   Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,   Department of Anaesthesia, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand, Balestra Costantino ,   Environmental, Occupational and Ageing (Integrative) Physiology Laboratory, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant (HE2B), Brussels, Belgium, Mitchell Simon J ,   Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,   Department of Anaesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
Published: December 2020

(Vrijdag XCE, van Waart H, Sleigh JW, Balestra C, Mitchell SJ. Investigating critical flicker fusion frequency for monitoring gas narcosis in divers. Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine. 2020 December 20;50(4):377–385. doi: 10.28920/dhm50.4.377-385. PMID: 33325019.) Introduction: Critical flicker fusion frequency (CFFF) has been used in various studies to measure the cognitive effects of gas mixtures at depth, sometimes with conflicting or apparently paradoxical results. This study aimed to evaluate a novel automatic CFFF method and investigate whether CFFF can be used to monitor gas-induced narcosis in divers. Methods: Three hyperbaric chamber experiments were performed: 1) Automated and manual CFFF measurements during air breathing at 608 kPa (n = 16 subjects); 2) Manual CFFF measurements during air and heliox breathing at sea level (101.3 kPa) and 608 kPa (n = 12); 3) Manual CFFF measurements during oxygen breathing at sea level, 142 and 284 kPa (n = 10). All results were compared to breathing air at sea level. Results: Only breathing oxygen at sea level, and at 284 kPa, caused a significant decrease in CFFF (2.5% and 2.6% respectively compared to breathing air at sea level. None of the other conditions showed a difference with sea level air breathing. Conclusions: CFFF did not significantly change in our experiments when breathing air at 608 kPa compared to air breathing at sea level pressure using both devices. Based on our results CFFF does not seem to be a sensitive tool for measuring gas narcosis in divers in our laboratory setting.
NATO’NUN DENİZ GÜVENLİĞİ ALGISI: SÜREKLİLİK VE DEĞİŞİM
Authors: BAĞBAŞLIOĞLU Arif
Published: December 2020

Özellikle son yıllarda uluslararası güvenlik çalışmaları literatüründe yaygın olarak kullanılmaya başlanan deniz güvenliği çerçeve bir kavram olarak, genellikle ulusal güvenlik, ekonomik kalkınma ve insan güvenliği ile ilgili olarak deniz alanlarında gerçekleşen sorunlarla mücadeleyi tanımlamak için kullanılmaktadır. Kavramın deniz alanları vasıtasıyla devlet ya da devlet dışı aktörlerden kaynaklı tüm tehditlerle mücadeleyi içeren kapsayıcı niteliği, 2011’de kabul edilen İttifak Denizcilik Stratejisi Belgesi’nde deniz güvenliğinin sağlamasının NATO’nun dört temel hedefinden biri olmasına imkân sağlamıştır. Çalışmada NATO’nun deniz alanlarına yönelik politikalarında kavramsal ve operasyonel açıdan görülen değişim ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın iki temel tespiti vardır. Birincisi İttifak’ın deniz güvenliği anlayışının Soğuk Savaş sonrası gerçekleştirdiği operasyonlar ile pratikte uygulanmasının ardından İttifak’ın resmî belgelerine dâhil edildiği ve bu suretle bir kavramsal çerçeveye kavuşturulduğu tespitidir. İkinci tespit ise NATO’nun İttifak’ın deniz güvenliği kavramını enerji güvenliği ve insan güvenliğini sağlamaya yönelik faaliyetlerle beraber hayata geçirdiği ve bu bağlamda İttifak’ın deniz güvenliği kavramını birçok konuyu kapsayan çerçeve bir kavram olarak kabul ettiği yönündedir. Çalışmada NATO’nun deniz güvenliği yaklaşımı değerlendirilerek, önümüzdeki süreçte deniz güvenliği konusunun NATO bağlamında ne yönde şekillenebileceği ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.
To the question of the formal and material elements of crimes provided for in articles of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation related to the spread of infection
Authors: Bozhchenko Alexandr , Khrustaleva Yuliya , Panchuk Yuri
Published: December 2020

The article deals with objective and optional features of crimes with material and formal composition, with an emphasis on crimes that are more or less associated with the spread of infection. Attention is drawn to the fact that crimes with a formal composition do not require the establishment of a causal relationship. Various points of view on “danger” are considered as one of the fundamental criteria used in the qualification of crimes. The author emphasizes the ambiguity of the content of this concept, as well as the concepts of “threat”, “significance”, “mass character”, etc. It is concluded that there are gaps, ambiguities, and contradictions in the legislation and normative legal acts on terminology and conceptual apparatus in relation to the above-mentioned concepts of danger, threat, and its magnitude (significance, mass character). Legislative amendments adopted in connection with the pandemic of coronavirus infection, which led to the emergence of a formal crime under part 1 of article 236 of the criminal code of the Russian Federation, are considered. Attention is drawn to the careless form of guilt under this article, in contrast to other articles, the use of which is also not excluded in the case of infection (article 125 and article 237 of the criminal code), but provide for the intentional nature of the crime.
Análise temporal das taxas de suicídios no estado de Minas Gerais com modelos ARIMA
Authors: Marques Rodnei Alves , Silva Spencer Barbosa da
Published: December 2020

O autoextermínio tem aumentado em Minas Gerais em todas as faixas etárias. Tal fato, além de resultar em perda de vidas humanas, demanda recursos públicos que poderiam ser aplicados em outras áreas da saúde. Isto posto, esse trabalho tem como objetivo modelar e fazer previsões para as taxas específicas de suicídio por sexo no estado de Minas Gerais. Estas análises, juntamente com estudos clínicos, podem compor mais uma alternativa para os órgãos de saúde, auxiliando-os no preparo de ações que possam diminuir de forma efetiva o número de suicídios. As séries foram ajustadas com a metodologia de Box & Jenkins com utilização dos softwares Re GRETL. Foi observada uma tendência crescente histórica nas séries ao longo dos anos para as taxas específicas de suicídios masculinos e femininos e conclui-se que este crescimento ainda prevalece para os próximos anos caso não haja nenhuma intervenção mais efetiva. Palavras-chave: Séries temporais. Taxa de suicídios. Modelos ARIMA. Previsões.
 
Temporal analysis of suicide rates in the state of Minas Gerais with ARIMA models
Abstract
Self-extermination has increased in Minas Gerais in all age groups. This fact, besides resulting in the loss of human lives, demands public resources that could be applied in other areas of public health. From this point, this work aims to model and make predictions for specific suicide rates by gender in the state of Minas Gerais. These analyses, combined with clinical studies, can be another alternative for health public agencies, helping them to prepare actions that can effectively reduce the number of suicides. The series were adjusted using the Box & Jenkins methodology using the R and GRETL softwares.A historical growing trend was observed in the series over the years for specific rates of male and female suicides and we concluded that this growth shall remain for the next years if there is no other effective intervention.
Keywords: Time series. Suicide rate. ARIMA Models. Forecasts.
PROTOCOLO DE COLETA COLPOCITOPATOLÓGICA E CONDUTAS PARA SEGUIMENTO DE LESÕES PRECURSORAS DO CÂNCER DE COLO DE ÚTERO NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA A SAÚDE
Authors: Damasceno Helane Conceição , Laurentino Rogério Valois , Silva Júnior Ademir Ferreira da , Pinheiro Maria da Conceição Nascimento , Ramos Erika Patricy Serrão
Published: December 2020

Este protocolo disponibiliza um conjunto de ações
técnicas para melhorar o rastreamento do Câncer de
colo de útero no que diz respeito à coleta do exame colpocitopatólogico e ao fluxo a ser seguido pelas pacientes
na atenção primária após ter recebido o resultado com
diagnóstico de atipias precursora do Câncer de colo
uterino. Cabe ressaltar que o exame colpocitopatológico
é utilizado como a principal estratégia na prevenção e
no diagnóstico precoce do Câncer de colo na medida
em que detecta alterações celulares precursoras do
CCU. Esse rastreamento é uma das áreas de prioridade
da atenção primária, devendo ser realizado em todas as
unidades básicas de assistência à saúde.
O documento orienta procedimentos técnicos
para coleta do exame preventivo (Teste Papanicolau)
direcionado a todos os profissionais responsáveis pela
execução deste exame dentro da Atenção Primária à
saúde, bem como orienta sobre a conduta diante do
resultado do exame, estabelecendo recomendações
para o seguimento e o cuidado às mulheres com alterações citológicas e suspeitas de CCU
Este protocolo foi elaborado seguindo as recomendações do Ministério da Saúde e Instituto Nacional de
Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), com enfoque técnico, clínico e de gestão do cuidado. Trata-se de
um instrumento para implementação de boas práticas
do rastreamento do Câncer de colo de útero, direcionando o processo de trabalho.
Coexistence through the Ages: The Role of Native Livestock Guardian Dogs and Traditional Ecological Knowledge as Key Resources in Conflict Mitigation between Pastoralists and Large Carnivores in the Romanian Carpathians
Authors: Ivaşcu Cosmin Marius , Biro Alina
Published: December 2020

Livestock guardian dogs (LGDs) in the Romanian Carpathians are as old as the pastoral presence and activity in the region. The main role of these dogs is to protect livestock from predation by large carnivores. The Carpathian Mountains, as opposed to other European mountain ranges, have always had considerable populations of wolf, brown bear, and lynx; conflict with the herders is inevitable. Here, the shepherds rely only on themselves and their dogs to keep their animals safe from predation during pastoral movements. We investigated 12 sites from the historical regions of Banat and Transylvania, where we have collected traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) on the use of native LGDs as an ancient non-lethal method for the prevention of livestock depredation. By monitoring the behavior of their dogs, the shepherds establish a complex ethno-ethological relationship with them, which helps them foretell the movements and presence of large carnivores in their vicinity. We have also investigated the recent positive change of attitude of some of the Romanian nature conservationists towards the Romanian Carpathian Shepherd Dog breed, which is also currently promoted by important international nature conservation NGOs as an ecologically friendly method to mitigate the conflict with large carnivores. The uninterrupted use of endemic LGD breeds by pastoralists in Romania might be one of the main reasons for the survival and conservation of large carnivores here in the past and in the future.
Human-Dog Relationships across Communities Surrounding Ranomafana and Andasibe-Mantadia National Parks, Madagascar
Authors: Kshirsagar Akhil R. , Applebaum Jennifer W. , Randriana Zoavina , Rajaonarivelo Tsiky , Rafaliarison Radoniaina R. , Farris Zach J. , Valenta Kim
Published: December 2020

Domestic dogs ( Canis lupus familiaris) are estimated to be one of the most globally abundant invasive carnivores that threaten wildlife. Madagascar is home to large populations of free-roaming dogs and is a highly diverse and anthropogenically threatened environment, making it one of the world's top conservation priorities. Comparatively little is known about human-dog relationships in developing countries such as Madagascar. We surveyed non-dog owners and dog owners visiting free mobile veterinary clinics in their communities around Ranomafana National Park (RNP) and Andasibe-Mantadia National Park (AMNP) to understand human-dog relationships, gain insight on free-roaming dog behavior, and to assess the feasibility of humane population control measures. Amongst dog owners, the vast majority of respondents reported owning their dog for protection and a significant number had dogs for companionship. Our results indicate that free-roaming (owned, unconfined) dogs may be an underappreciated threat to endemic wildlife in the National Parks of Madagascar, as nearly half of dog owners reported that their dog killed at least one wild animal a month. Most dog owners in surveyed communities approve of spay/neuter/vaccine programs and state that they would use them if freely available, indicating that veterinary intervention can be an important tool in humanely controlling free-roaming dog populations in these regions.
“There are No Trees Here”: Understanding Perceived Intergenerational Erosion of Traditional Medicinal Knowledge among Kenyan Purko Maasai in Narok District
Authors: Hedges Kristin , Kipila Joseph Ole , Carriedo-Ostos Roberto
Published: December 2020

Evidence in the literature suggests that traditional medicinal knowledge (TMK) among Indigenous populations is declining. This study focused on understanding influences underlying the perception of intergenerational erosion of TMK among Kenyan Purko Maasai. Methods included a combination of participant observation and in-depth interviews among 30 participants. Using a political ecology framework, results indicate a number of sociocultural factors contributing to local perceptions of decline in TMK among younger generations. Shifts in land tenure and changes in locality, for example, impact transmission of knowledge. While younger generations described a strong desire to learn TMK, they were at a loss as to how to gain the knowledge. Our findings suggest that limited in-situ learning opportunities within the local environment is a leading factor resulting in perceptions of intergenerational erosion of knowledge. We conclude that, to ensure the transmission of this valuable cultural resource, a shift is needed in educational strategies, both at the school and community level.
Invisible Things Forgotten: A Multi-Proxy Study of Wetland Plant Use at a Precolumbian Village on the Gulf Coast of Florida
Authors: Jackson Kendal , Pluckhahn Thomas J. , Duke C. Trevor
Published: December 2020

Herbaceous wetland plant resources have been widely cultivated and utilized by Indigenous peoples throughout North America since at least the early Holocene. Archaeologists and ethnographers, along with traditional knowledge holders, have documented and reconstructed deep histories of interaction between human communities and coastal plants that provide dietary carbohydrates, medicinal compounds, and craft-fiber. On the Florida peninsula, as elsewhere, paleoethnobotanical researchers face challenging preservation conditions and, despite the ubiquity and vastness of coastal wetlands, the resident flora are conspicuously underrepresented in the archaeological record. In this study, we work toward the recognition of wetland plant use on the Gulf Coast of Florida by integrating analyses of archaeo-molluscan, microfaunal, and palynological assemblages from stratified shell-midden deposits at a village and civic-ceremonial center occupied across the first millennium AD. We identify four particular herbaceous wetland plants as likely subsistence, medicinal, and technological resources. In a brief discussion, we propose that coastal wetland flora likely played key roles within late-Holocene maritime resource intensification, civic-ceremonial aggregation, and village-coalescence.
Artificial Intelligence in Information and Communication Technologies and Its Influence on Foreign Language Teaching at Higher School
Authors: Islamov Roman Sergeevich
Published: December 2020

The study aims to determine how artificial intelligence (AI) influences a student through the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) during foreign language classes at higher school. The article explains why some types of ICT can be considered as AI-systems, how their inclusion into educational process influences cognitive changes in a student, as well as what role a student’s degree of trust in such a system plays. Scientific novelty of the work lies in considering ICT influence on cognitive abilities of a student learning a foreign language through the lens of AI. As a result, it was found that the closer the capacities of AI in ICT to human activities while working with a foreign language are, the lower the activation of cognitive performance in a student is.
M. Akhmedov’s Creative Work in the Context of Patriotic Traditions of the Avar Poetry
Authors: Gadjilova Shanisat Magomedovna
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the study is to provide an insight into artistic features of M. Akhmedov’s patriotic works in the context of the Avar artistic and patriotic traditions development. Special attention is paid to the evolution stages of patriotic thought in the Dagestani and, in particular, Avar poetry. The work focuses on artistic originality of M. Akhmedov’s patriotic poems. The research is novel in that it is the first to study patriotic motifs of M. Akhmedov’s creative work in the context of the corresponding tradition of the Avar poetry. The research findings have shown that the theme of patriotism clearly evolves in ways of conceiving and depicting the motherland and feelings expressed towards it in his poetry. It was found that this theme is closely linked to the Avars’ folklore traditions and achievements of preceding poetry.
Periodisation of the Bayan-Accordion Art Development in China
Authors: Zhao Ming
Published: December 2020

The study aims to offer a periodisation describing the bayan-accordion art development in China. The work is novel in that it provides an insight into the general picture and development prospects of the Chinese bayan-accordion art, creates a more universal periodisation. Having contrasted evolution stages of the Chinese and Russian schools and having compared variants of their division and descriptions of the identified stages essence, proposed by Wang Decong, Zhao Yan, Zhang Ziqiang, the author has developed an original view on this issue. The terminological base of the new periodisation was comprised of the terms introduced by O. I. Speshilova, which characterise development stages of the bayan-accordion art in the Russian culture - “adaptation”, “specialisation” and “academisation”.
Gazella bennetti (indian gazelle or chinkara) of Pakistan: genetic profiling and conservation priorities
Authors: Hussain T. , Manzoor F. , Musthafa M. M. , Marikar F. M. , Babar M. E.
Published: December 2020

La gacela india es oriunda de la zona silvestre del norte de Pendjab (Pakistán). De acuerdo a las categorías de la lista roja de la Unión Internacional de Conservación de la Naturaleza y los Recursos Naturales, constituye una especie en peligro. El entendimiento de la genética de la respuesta inmune en esta especie puede ser útil para diseñar efectivas estrategias de conservación. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la diversidad genética molecular en la interleukina 2 (IL-2), secuencias de genes que ponen en peligro a G. bennetti como un gen que codifica una citokina involucrada en algunas actividades vitales de regulación de la respuesta inmune. El gen IL-2 (492 bp) fue amplificado y secuenciado en muestras de ADN colectadas de la naturaleza, así como de ejemplares cautivos de gacela india, seguidos por la alineación y el análisis filogenético. Los vecinos que unen el árbol construido de MEGA6 mostraron que G. bennetti es distinto de otros y forma un clado diferente. El análisis de los resultados del estudio mostró que las gacelas indias constituyen una única población aislada encontrada en Pakistán, la cual es endémica y está expuesta al peligro. Por consiguiente, las técnicas de conservación in-situ y ex-situ para G. bennetti constituyen una buena alternativa para evitar el peligro de extinción de la especie.
Actividad glutatión peroxidasa en vacas lecheras sin suplementar y suplementadas con selenio
Authors: Bianchini G. , Masso R. J. , Rinaudo A. , Marini P. R.
Published: December 2020

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar los niveles de la actividad glutatión-peroxidasa(GPX) en vacas lecheras suplementadas y sin suplementar con selenio (Se) intra-ruminal.Se determinó la actividad GPX de 96 vacas Holstein primíparas y multíparas, clínicamentesanas, procedentes de un establecimiento comercial de la localidad de Centeno, Provincia deSanta Fe (Argentina). Se definieron dos categorías de reses según las determinaciones individuales de GPX tomando como valor de corte 130 U/gHb. Los animales de cada categoría se dividieron aleatoriamente en dos subgrupos, uno de los cuales recibió un bolo intraruminalde Se de larga acción (Permatrace®) mientras que el otro permaneció sin suplementar. Acontinuación, se efectuaron dos nuevas determinaciones de la actividad enzimática: preparto(entre los 30 y los 15 días previos al parto) y posparto (entre los 30 y los 45 posteriores alparto). El 35,4% de las vacas presentó valores de actividad de la enzima menores al valor decorte. Los animales con bajos valores basales de actividad GPX no suplementadas con bolosde Se, no modificaron significativamente los datos basales. En las vacas con bajos valoresbasales de actividad GPX y suplementadas con Se, se observó un aumento significativo de laactividad enzimática. Se concluye que una proporción importante de animales presenta bajaactividad GPX, que los niveles de las enzimas se modifican según el momento de la evaluaciónen relación al tiempo del parto, y que la suplementación con bolos de Se intra-ruminalconstituye una estrategia efectiva para aumentar la actividad de la enzima.
Inclusión de harina de Moringa oleifera en dietas para pollos de engorde
Authors: Rugel D. O. , Emén M. F.
Published: December 2020

El propósito de la inclusión de la harina de M. oleífera en dietas para pollos de engorde fue determinar su efecto en relación a la ganancia de peso. Se utilizaron 15 pollos Broiler cobb 500 con un peso promedio inicial de 45 g. La metodología empleada fue un diseño experimental completamente al azar (DCA), distribuido en tres tratamientos con cinco repeticiones. Los tratamientos fueron T1: balanceado comercial, T2: balanceado con harina de moringa al 7%, y T3: balanceado con harina de moringa al 15%. Se registraron los pesos semanales de cada grupo, hasta los 42 días. Los resultados evidenciaron que la adición de M. oleífera al 7% constituye una materia prima viable para implementarla en dietas basadas en balanceados comerciales, siendo bien tolerado y logrando un incremento significativo en el peso final de las aves.
Economics of production and marketing of apple (Malus domestica) in Mustang, Nepal
Authors: GAYAK Bikash , PANDEY Subodh Raj , BHATTA Sandesh
Published: December 2020

A study was carried out to assess the production and marketing status of apple in the Mustang district of Nepal in 2019. A total of 100 households were sampled by using simple random sampling technique and interviewed with a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and independent-sample t-test was used for data analysis using SPSS and MS-Excel. Farmers were categorized into small farmers (n=68) and large farmers (n=32) based on the number of apple trees grown by farmers. The average area under apple cultivation was 6.64 ropani (0.3378 hactares). The overall average apple production was 2848 kg (2.84 Mt) and the large farmers had more apple production (7035 kg) as compared to small farmers (877 kg). The average annual household income from apple was NRs. 29,868 (248.90 USD). Apple farming was found to be a profitable farm enterprise with a benefit-cost ratio of 1.84. Two marketing channel was identified in the study area and Channel II was found more profitable. Education status of household head, ethnicity, number of economically active family members, experience on apple farming and visit of extension worker to apple farms were the significant factors that positively affected the production and marketing of apple. The satisfaction level of farmers from production and marketing of apple was found very poor (79%). Unavailability of inputs, lack of storage facilities, insect pest damage, poor technical knowledge and infrastructure were major production problems. Similarly, price variation, poor marketing infrastructure and linkage, high postharvest loss, poor bargaining power and low volume of production were the major marketing problems.
Concept of Grip Assistive Braking on Four Wheelers
Authors: David Jebaraj B  , Sharath Prasanna R  , Karthikeyan V  , Maheshwar D
Published: December 2020

Braking systems in all the segments of vehicles seems to be one of the most crucial developing systems. Many research and developments are carried out in terms of braking of a vehicle in order to enhance the braking efficiency and reduction in stopping distance. This article depicts the concept of assistive braking on four wheelers where we elaborately describe the Braking distance, Thinking distance and Stopping distance after which our concept of braking is proposed with all the technical aspects along with the various components and its efficiency in our real time use. This research article mainly focuses on technical aspects that aim to reduce the reaction time and reflex actions of the driver which in turn is used as a factor to reduce the stopping distance of the vehicle. Various types of biological reactions by a human are observed and then a particular muscular reaction is chosen as a source of intimation for our braking system. When an object is spotted by the driver, the reflex action takes place via a receptor, sensory neurons, spinal cord and from where the muscular reaction takes place. A unique steering with an array of grip sensors is designed and incorporated also with various functions of the vehicle but for this instance, we mainly focus on braking assistance of the vehicle. Thus the unique steering wheel plays the role of connection between vehicle and the driver.
Blockchain based Real Estate using Smart Contracts
Authors: Ryan Fernandes  , Andrew Fernandes  , Himani Jawale
Published: December 2020

In today’s world global real estate investments have taken over more than twice the size of the stock market. Even after the dominance of the real estate market there are still a less number of investors due to liquidity and global access to sensitive or critical information. Due to various flaws in security in the current system, the tenants and owners are barely satisfied. The main focus of this paper is to incorporate the use of blockchain in the current real estate market and represent the facilities and advantages it can give to the real estate market. Blockchain based real estate is better because each block contains a cryptic hash of the previous record, a timestamp and transaction data which makes it difficult to forge documents and sensitive information of the investor. Another advantage of blockchain is that it is resistant to any type of data modification.  Blockchain technology can sort out the security issues and forgery incidents that are faced by the real estate market. Also blockchain provides much meaningful assets and insights to the real estate market at a reasonable and stable-priced market. The proposed solution for the selected problem statement is Tokenizing real estate assets refers to a process in which a property owner can offer digital tokens that represent a share of their property. Using a blockchain to track these investments, with each transaction being time-stamped and immutable, makes it possible to limit the risk of fraud.
IIoT Framework for SME level Injection Molding Industry in the Context of Industry 4.0
Authors: W.D. Madhuka Priyashan  , Navod Neranjan Thilakarathne
Published: December 2020

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a hype topic for nearly a decade now. Broadly growing, millions of devices get direct access to the Internet provides plenty of applications such as smart homes or mobile health management. This trend can also be found in the industry where IoT components hardened for these environments are introduced, called Industrial IoT (IIoT) devices which can be either sensors or actors, as well as mobile equipment such as smartphones, tablets, and smart glasses. Consequently, mobile communication becomes universal in smart factories. IIoT devices provide massive data on temperature, pressure, machine states, etc. But still, most of the SME level industries in the Asian region are new to these technological advancements. They still operate their facilities ith conventional setups without absorbing the new opportunities which are presented by IoT.

In the plastic injection molding industry, process parameters perform a significant role in the quality of the output product. During the manufacturing process, these process parameters have to deal with various factors such as quality and type of materials, requirement tolerance levels of the output product, Environmental conditions like temperature and humidity, etc. Injection molding has been a challenging process for many SME level manufacturers to produce products while meeting the quality requirements at the lowest cost. Most of them are unable to reach the global market in the injection molding industry due to the non-availability of the proper methods to determine the process parameters for injection molding. During production, quality characteristics may differ due to drifting or shifting of processing conditions caused by machine wear, environmental change, or operator fatigue. By determining the optimal process parameter settings productivity and quality will increase while reducing the cost of production.

In this paper, we suggest an Industrial IoT framework that can develop for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) level industries to optimize their production facility. With the presented framework SME level industries can start to inherit IoT devices into their production floor to manage and monitor production parameters in real-time while improving the quality of the production.
Strategic Marketing of Arts Organisations in Dundee, the "City of Discovery"
Authors: Madichie Nnamdi
Published: December 2020

This is an exploratory qualitative study drawing upon personal observations and review of documents.
An Assessment of the Immigrant Phenomenon from the Perspective of Building a World Civilization
Authors: şengöz murat
Published: December 2020

The issue of migrants
and refugees is undoubtedly one of the most important security and survival
problems of our time. Because what could be more truthful and pathetic than the
drama of people who had to leave their country with a feeling of helplessness,
and how can this despair be described. Ultimately, every migration is a journey
to hope, but more important than a journey to hope is the pain and troubles
experienced before the story, the helplessness felt and the hopes lost. It is
of course nice for people to follow their hopes, but what is more beautiful is
that people can keep their hopes and dreams alive in their homeland. The bottom
line is that every migration is a tragedy in a way, and the migrants are just
extras of this tragedy. Arriving at the place of immigration is the beginning
of a new and completely different story, where dreams flourish for some, and
hopes for others are completely lost.
Factors that Optimize Engagement for Diverse Learners at Arts Performances for Young Audiences
Authors: Glass Don , Begle Annie K. Schulz , Hallaert Jenelle M.
Published: December 2020

Field trips to museums and performing arts centers are not a frequent activity for most students, so how do cultural organizations learn how to make the most of these limited but potentially valuable “gateway experiences” towards increased arts participation? This paper examines the development of a short engagement survey instrument that was administered during three seasons of performances across art forms, grade levels, and student populations. The findings feature three statistically significant factors that may optimize positive engagement in the arts experience for students: prior experience of performances, lessons in the art from, and preparation for the performance. However, when the data is disaggregated by students who attend Title I schools, English learners, and students with disabilities, not all the factors predict higher positive engagement. The factor that may work across all populations and exclusively for students with disabilities is preparation. Practical implications for audience recruitment, accessibility supports, and learning design for diverse learners are then discussed.