bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of a new fishpond design on invertebrate community biodiversity and secondary production
Authors: Roucaute Marc , Aubin Joël , Nahon Sarah , Jaeger Christophe
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study was to compare the impact of three aquaculture production systems on the biodiversity and productivity of aquatic invertebrates. We compared two conventional fishpond designs (extensive and semi-intensive) with a new design combining a semi-intensive carp polyculture fishpond with a planted lagoon, called coupled semi-intensive design. All fishponds were stocked with the same proportions of common carp, roach, and Eurasian perch. Fish density was double in coupled semi-intensive and semi-intensive ponds compared to extensive ponds for which no formulated feed was provided. Benthic macroinvertebrates were sampled in May and September. Zooplankton was sampled monthly from May to November. For benthic macroinvertebrates, community taxonomic richness, biomass, production, and mean individual dry mass were higher in lagoons than in the coupled semi-intensive, semi-intensive and extensive fishponds. Zooplankton production was highest in extensive fishponds and lowest in coupled semi-intensive ponds. Zooplankton production peaked in summer and was lower than benthic macroinvertebrates production in May and September. Asellus aquaticus, whose production was higher in September than May, was the dominant macroinvertebrate in lagoons, but was almost absent from all fishponds. Bosmina longirostris, the most productive plankton taxon, especially in extensive fishponds, reached peak production in July and August. Our study highlighted the functional role of a shallow, fishless, planted lagoon linked to the fishpond for biodiversity and production of benthic macroinvertebrates and zooplankton.
Comparison of two graft procedures in a bilateral sinus lift by MRI and histomorphometric analysis: a case report
Authors: Maglione Michele , Michelon Filippo , Bevilacqua Lorenzo , Bertolotto Michele , Rothweiler René
Published: November 2024

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was shown to be a viable method for graft healing evaluation. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) was found to speed up bone graft healing process. Sinus lift surgery outcomes after healing period are usually performed with computerized tomography that is not capable to describe graft vascularization and exposes patient to ionizing radiation. The objective of this study is to propose contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) as a promising method for the in vivo assessment of sinus lift grafting procedures. A bilateral sinus augmentation surgery was performed. Left sinus was grafted only with bovine deproteinized bone mixed in a 1:1 ratio with autologous bone, in the right sinus, the same biomaterials with the addition of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) were applied. CE-MRI was performed to evaluate angiogenesis before surgery and at 11, 25, 53, and 104 days after surgery. At 6 months (T0) and after 10 years (T1), before dental implants insertion, bone biopsies were performed and analysed quantitatively. Left sinus graft showed a centripetal pattern of angiogenesis, with the central region remaining unvascularized at 104 days post-surgery. Right side showed a wider and homogeneous vascularization from 25 days after surgery. At T0 new bone formation was only peripheral in the left sinus, whereas it developed both peripherally and through biomaterial in the right sinus. At T1 particles of biomaterial were still present in left sinus, while in right sinus they were not. CE-MRI offers quantitative parameters to evaluate vascularization of biomaterials. The addition of PRF promotes an early development of a widespread vascular system.
Development of josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer at physikalisch-Technische bundesanstalt (PTB)
Authors: Kieler O.
Published: November 2024

This paper presents the basic principle of the pulse-driven ac Josephson voltage standard, also called “Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer” (JAWS). We will mainly focus on activities and developments at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). The JAWS is suitable to generate high precision quantized waveforms, which can be arbitrarily programmed in the frequency and time domain with extremely high spectral purity (typical signal-to-noise ratios SNR of 120–140 dBc). A brief overview of the fabrication technology for highly integrated JAWS circuits with more than 50 000 junctions per chip will be described. This includes the stacked junction technology with up to 5-stacked junctions. The experimental setup and the key-features of JAWS will be shown too. New approaches designed to further increase the output voltage, to simplify the experimental setup, and to extend the range of applications are the on-chip power dividers, the optical pulse drive, and the RF-JAWS. A selected application of the JAWS is described to demonstrate the usability of sophisticated JAWS waveforms for the complex characterization of electrical devices. The PTB JAWS circuits already have a significant impact on the quantum ac voltage metrology community. JAWS chips made at PTB have been distributed to more than 10 national metrology and other research institutes within the framework of international research projects.
Metamaterials for high-performance photodetectors
Authors: Zhang Xiwei , Li Wenzheng , Xie Fengsong , Wang Ke , Li Ganke , Liu Shuli , Wang Mengyu , Tang Zhenjie , Zeng Longhui
Published: November 2024

Metamaterials, a kind of novel materials with artificial design, have exhibited extraordinary properties that cannot be found in nature. In the past decade, remarkable achievements have been made in the field of metamaterial-based photodetectors. However, there is hardly any systematic and thorough review of the metamaterials' recent development in photodetection devices. Herein, we summarized recent advances in the metamaterial-based photodetectors according to a dual role of metamaterials: enrichment of photodetection functionalities and enhancement of photodetection performance. To start with, we presented an overview of the relevant concept of metamaterials and explore their distinctive optical characteristics. Subsequently, we delved into the work mechanism and figures of merit of metamaterial-based photodetectors. Next, we highlighted various types of metamaterials as a flexible platform for advanced photodetection technology, including metasurface, graphene-metamaterial hybrids, patterned nanostructures, and van der Waals metamaterials. Finally, the challenges and outlook associated with future developments were systematically and deeply discussed based on the current state of research. We believe that this review will offer crucial insights and valuable guidance, paving the way for future advancements and in-depth investigations in the realm of metamaterial-based photodetectors.
Numerical simulation analysis of droplet spraying by an agricultural hybrid wing unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Hao Jiacheng , Li Yongping
Published: November 2024

Agricultural Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) mainly leverage the downwash airflow generated by rotors for spraying. However, due to the inherent instability of the downwash airflow, there may be droplet drift problems. Computational fluid dynamics is used to investigate the behavior of droplet deposition in the downwash flow field of an agricultural hybrid wing UAV under different operating conditions. The results indicate that as the height increases, the deposition distribution of droplets becomes more uniform, and the drift problem is also improved. Compared with the quadrotor UAV, hybrid wing UAVs have a faster downwash airflow velocity, which helps achieve a more uniform distribution of droplets. However, the phenomenon of “negative velocity channels” is more pronounced and may lead to additional droplet drift. When UAVs encounter crosswinds during spraying, it can ensure a uniform droplet distribution by increasing the rotor velocity. The findings reveal the deposition behavior of sprayed droplets under different operating conditions and provide a reference for the practical operations of UAVs.
Multiplexing ultraviolet-excited ultrasound and autofluorescence enables slide-free and label-free intraoperative histopathology imaging
Authors: Song Wei , Wang Xiaobao , Zhuang Yiyan , Wang Yechen , Ye Qinlian , Wang Ya-chao , Yuan Xiaocong
Published: November 2024

Histological examination of tissue remains the gold standard for analysis of various diseases in both clinical diagnosis and basic research. However, long-standing challenges in conventional histology have arisen from complex sample preparations involving micrometer-thick sectioning and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining processes, which lead to significant delays in accessing the diagnostic output. We propose a hybrid optical-ultrasonic microscope (HOME) that multiplexes the intrinsic thermoelastic ultrasound and fluorescence emission generated by endogenous biomolecules under single-shot ultraviolet excitation to achieve direct histopathological imaging of fresh tissue without the sectioning and staining steps. The HOME detects ultrasounds of DNA/RNA using a photoacoustic microscopy subsystem to provide a hematoxylin-like contrast that specifically highlights the cell nucleus, and it also captures the autofluorescence of endogenous fluorophores in its confocal fluorescence microscopy subsystem to offer eosin-like contrast for visualization of the cytoplasm. Parallel acquisition of photoacoustic and autofluorescence images enables comprehensive observations of co-registered cellular structures and organizations, corresponding closely to the typical histological landscapes obtained via standard H&E staining. The HOME demonstrates fast and accurate histopathological imaging of fresh murine tissue and unprocessed clinical glioma specimens and is, therefore, promising for use in assisting intraoperative pathological assessments and performing basic scientific research on neoplasms.
Quantum transport properties of hybrid BN–C nanotubes: Strong spin filtering effect robust against Stone–Wales defects
Authors: Wan Haiqing , Chen Tong , Hu Wei , Ang Yee Sin
Published: November 2024

We study the spin-polarized electron transport properties of hybrid BN–C nanotubes (BN–CNTs) in their pristine form and with Stone–Wales defects, namely, Cx(BN)10−x, using combined first-principles density functional theory and quantum transport simulations. We show that the band structures of pristine BN–CNTs can be sensitively tuned by their composition, transiting from the nonmagnetic semiconductor to half-semimetal and finally to a narrow gap semiconductor with increasing x. The spin-dependent current–voltage characteristics are sensitively modulated by x in the hybridized Cx(BN)10−x. The SW defect acts as an active scattering center for BN–CNTs, which decreases the overall conductance of nanotubes. Remarkably, a spin-filtering effect (SFE) with nearly 96% filtering efficiency is observed in C4(BN)6, and such a high SFE remains robust even in the presence of Stone–Wales defects. These results reveal the potential role of hybrid BN–CNT as a building block for spintronic device technology.
Three glass beads bring into question the timeline of lunar volcanism
Authors: Fattaruso Laura
Published: November 2024

Radiometric dating of material returned from the Moon suggests there was active volcanism on the satellite 120 million years ago, nearly 2 billion years more recent than previous estimates.
Designing multicomponent hydrides with potential high Tcsuperconductivity
Authors: Denchfield Adam , Park Hyowon , Hemley Russell J.
Published: November 2024

While hydrogen-rich materials have been demonstrated to exhibit high Tcsuperconductivity at high pressures, there is an ongoing search for ternary, quaternary, and more chemically complex hydrides that achieve such high critical temperatures at much lower pressures. First-principles searches are impeded by the computational complexity of solving the Eliashberg equations for large, complex crystal structures. Here, we adopt a simplified approach using electronic indicators previously established to be correlated with superconductivity in hydrides. This is used to study complex hydride structures, which are predicted to exhibit promisingly high critical temperatures for superconductivity. In particular, we propose three classes of hydrides inspired by the Fm3¯m RH3structures that exhibit strong hydrogen network connectivity, as defined through the electron localization function. The first class [RH11X3Y] is based on a Pm3¯m structure showing moderately high Tc, where the Tcestimate from electronic properties is compared with direct Eliashberg calculations and found to be surprisingly accurate. The second class of structures [(RH11)2X6YZ] improves on this with promisingly high density of states with dominant hydrogen character at the Fermi energy, typically enhancing Tc. The third class [(R1H11)(R2H11)X6YZ] improves the strong hydrogen network connectivity by introducing anisotropy in the hydrogen network through a specific doping pattern. These design principles and associated model structures provide flexibility to optimize both Tcand the structural stability of complex hydrides.
Unrolled generative adversarial network for continuous distributions under hybrid quantum-classical model
Authors: Gong Chen , Wen Zhuo-Yu , Deng Yun-Wei , Zhou Nan-Run , Zeng Qing-Wei
Published: November 2024

Quantum generative adversarial networks (QGANs) can effectively enhance the performance and efficiency of classical GANs by utilizing the parallelism of quantum computation and quantum superposition. However, QGANs typically suffer from mode collapse during the training process of generative tasks. It would make the generator only be able to generate partially correct data approximately. To solve this problem, an unrolled QGAN model based on a hybrid quantum-classical framework is constructed. The unrolled QGAN can match the generator with a better discriminator by separately training the discriminator prior to the training on the generator. The model is applied to generate quantum and Gaussian distributions, and comparative experiments are performed between the QGAN and the proposed unrolled one. Mean value, KL divergence, and standard deviation are calculated and compared to evaluate the generative performance of the model. Numerical and experimental results show that the proposed unrolled QGAN can increase the diversity and coverage of generated data distributions, significantly enhancing the generative effect.
The Institutions of Kingship and Diplomacy
Authors: Blachford Kevin
Published: November 2024

The Two Eyes rivalry would develop across late antiquity norms and practices that allowed for shared ideas of hierarchy, status, and imperial greatness. Through such practices, the two empires would adopt institutions of diplomacy and kingship which allowed for each empire to recognize within the other similar claims to authority and legitimacy, despite professing universal claims to rule. Within modern international relations, English School scholars highlight the importance of institutions as constituting the normative structure of an inter-polity society. For late antiquity, the institution of diplomacy allowed for cooperation and coexistence, while the institution of kingship worked to hierarchically organize other actors in a series of client–patron relations.
Client Kings and Barbarians
Authors: Blachford Kevin
Published: November 2024

The normative order of the Two Eyes system rested on a set of client–patron relations in which subordinate kings would accept a lower status in comparison to the Byzantine emperor and Persian shah. Through shared courtly cultures and imperial patronage, the two imperial centres sought to order the world around them. This hierarchical order, however, was challenged by the rise of nomadic confederations which threatened imperial stability. The Huns and the Hephthalites both challenged the ability of the emperor and shah to portray themselves as equal ‘brothers’ to one another. The nomadic threat therefore challenged the very basis of the dual hierarchy of the Two Eyes system.
Diplomatic Practices in the Sixth Century
Authors: Blachford Kevin
Published: November 2024

The period of the sixth century would see the Byzantine and Persian rivalry adopt two seemingly contradictory trends. The two imperial powers would develop highly formalized practices of diplomacy concurrently with a greater propensity to war. Two peace treaties in particular, the ‘Eternal Peace’ treaty of 532 and the treaty of 561/2, would seek to recognize mutual spheres of influence and create strategic stability between the two empires. The negotiations between the two sides aimed to resolve the problem of defending against nomadic incursions. This diplomacy demonstrates that a certain level of coexistence was accepted as each empire recognized their rival’s legitimate interests despite still professing universal claims to rule.
Co-Producing Art’s Cognitive Value
Authors: Earley Christopher
Published: November 2024

After viewing a painting, reading a novel, or seeing a film, audiences often feel that they improve their cognitive standing on the world beyond the canvas, page, or screen. To learn from art in this way, I argue, audiences must employ high degrees of epistemic autonomy and creativity, engaging in a process I call ‘insight through art’. Some have worried that insight through art uses audience achievements to explain an artwork’s cognitive and artistic value, thereby failing to properly appreciate the cognitive and artistic achievements of artists. I move against this worry by arguing that in order to learn via insight through art, audiences must collaborate with artists, sharing the labour and credit for the cognitive achievements they co-produce. I claim this co-productive outlook reveals that our appreciation of art’s cognitive and artistic value involves far more audience participation than has hitherto been realized.
Upstairs, downstairs: conserved and divergent CLAVATA signalling in shoot meristem development and root symbioses
Authors: Scott Tiana E , Correa-Lozano Alejandro , Foo Eloise
Published: November 2024

Background

The CLV3/EMBRYO-SURROUNDING REGION (CLE) peptides control plant development and response to the environment. Key conserved roles include the regulation of shoot apical meristems and the long-distance control of root colonization by nutrient-acquiring microbes, including the widespread symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and nodulation with nitrogen-fixing bacteria in legumes. At least some signalling elements appear to operate across both processes but clear gaps in our understanding remain. In legumes, although CLE peptide signalling has been examined in detail in symbioses, the role of this pathway in shoot apical meristem (SAM) development is poorly understood.

Scope

In this Research in Context, we review the literature to clarify the conserved and divergent elements of the CLAVATA-CLE peptide signalling pathways that control SAM development, mycorrhizal colonization and nodulation. We used novel pea mutants to determine the role of CLE signalling in regulating SAM development of a model legume, including interactions with temperature.

Conclusions

We found that in pea, both genetic and environmental buffering of the CLE pathway influence SAM development. In pea, the CLAVATA2 (CLV2) CLE receptor-like protein and the unknown gene product encoded by the K301 gene are required to limit SAM size and floral organ production under cool conditions. In contrast, the CLAVATA1 receptor-like kinase promotes SAM proliferation and appears to do so via a CLV2-independent pathway. In contrast, we found no role for the RDN1 enzyme, capable of arabinosylating CLE peptides, in SAM development. Future studies in other legumes are required to examine the role of other CLE peptide signalling elements in SAM control. Studies in non-vascular mycorrhizal hosts could explore if the control of symbioses is also an ancestral role for this signalling pathway.
The frontier of precision medicine: application of single-cell multi-omics in preimplantation genetic diagnosis
Authors: Zhang Jinglei , Zhang Nan , Mai Qingyun , Zhou Canquan
Published: November 2024

The advent of single-cell multi-omics technologies has revolutionized the landscape of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), offering unprecedented insights into the genetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic profiles of individual cells in early-stage embryos. This breakthrough holds the promise of enhancing the accuracy, efficiency, and scope of PGD, thereby significantly improving outcomes in assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) and genetic disease prevention. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the importance of PGD in the context of precision medicine and elucidates how single-cell multi-omics technologies have transformed this field. We begin with a brief history of PGD, highlighting its evolution and application in detecting genetic disorders and facilitating ART. Subsequently, we delve into the principles, methodologies, and applications of single-cell genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics in PGD, emphasizing their role in improving diagnostic precision and efficiency. Furthermore, we review significant recent advances within this domain, including key experimental designs, findings, and their implications for PGD practices. The advantages and limitations of these studies are analyzed to assess their potential impact on the future development of PGD technologies. Looking forward, we discuss the emerging research directions and challenges, focusing on technological advancements, new application areas, and strategies to overcome existing limitations. In conclusion, this review underscores the pivotal role of single-cell multi-omics in PGD, highlighting its potential to drive the progress of precision medicine and personalized treatment strategies, thereby marking a new era in reproductive genetics and healthcare.
A challenging discrimination of an intensely [18F]PSMA-1007-avid solitary lesion at the skull base in a patient with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer
Authors: Novruzov Emil , Niegisch Günter , Pauck David , Schmitt Dominik , Kuhlmann Julian , Beseoglu Kerim , Antoch Gerald , Schimmöller Lars , Giesel Frederik L , Mamlins Eduards
Published: November 2024

Prostate adenocarcinoma metastasis to brain has been reported to occur only up to 0.6% of patients and these are mostly diagnosed in autopsy series. In the setting of biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer, a suspected PSMA-avid (prostate-specific membrane antigen) lesion in the brain is still strongly suggestive of an intracranial metastasis of prostate cancer. This needs, however, a thoroughly recurrency work-up due to other potentially PSMA-avid cranial lesions, as PSMA initially was developed for the imaging of primary CNS tumours. We report of a challenging clinical case of a 71-year-old-patient with a strongly PSMA-avid lesion at the skull base. Given the medical history of a meningioma at the skull base, the further diagnostic work-up with MRI could still not rule out a malignancy, so that the patient needed to undergo a surgical excision of the tumour mass. The histological and immunohistochemical examinations revealed a relapsed CNS WHO grade 1 meningioma. From the aspect of molecular imaging and critical analysis of regular clinical care in a third-level university hospital, we consider this result very intriguing. Hence, we analyse the decision-making process and clinical course of this case in the light of molecular imaging findings.
Association of postoperative opioid type with mortality and readmission rates: multicentre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Winther Stasia , Jimenez-Solem Espen , Sillesen Martin
Published: November 2024

Background

Opioid treatment in postoperative pain management is crucial, but the impact of administration practices on outcomes is unclear. The hypothesis was that prescription trends remained stable over recent years, and that no difference in mortality and readmission risks is associated with prescription strategies.

Method

Electronic health records of surgical episodes in the Capital and Zealand Regions of Denmark from 2017 to 2021 were analysed. All opioids administered during postoperative admission were converted to oral morphine equivalents (OMEQs) and an average daily dose per patient was calculated. The opioid administered in the highest OMEQ dosages is considered the primary opioid strategy for the surgical case. Administration trends were analysed through linear regression, and Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios to assess dominant opioid strategies’ association with 90-day mortality and readmission rates while controlling for confounders.

Results

A total of 183 317 patients met the inclusion criteria. Prescription trends remained steady during the study period. Multivariable analysis revealed increased readmission risk (HR 1.18, P < 0.001) of tramadol and tapentadol compared to morphine. They exhibited decreased 90-day mortality risk (HR 0.63, P < 0.001). Oxycodone had similar readmission risk (HR 1.009, P = 0.24) but lower 90-day mortality risk (HR 0.68, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Postoperative in-hospital opioid administration remained stable from 2017 to 2021. Tramadol/tapentadol had a higher risk of readmission but lower mortality risk. Oxycodone had comparable readmission but reduced mortality risk. This study provides a framework for future clinical trials assessing this potential impact of opioids in a targeted manner.
Genetic Variation in Jamaican Populations of the Coffee Berry Borer, Hypothenemus hampei
Authors: Errbii Mohammed , Myrie Ameka , Robinson Dwight , Schultner Eva , Schrader Lukas , Oettler Jan
Published: November 2024

The coffee berry borer (CBB) Hypothenemus hampei was first described in Africa in 1867 and has spread to all major coffee-producing regions worldwide, including Jamaica. Using long-read sequencing, we produced a new high-quality reference genome (172.7 Mb) for the Jamaican strain of the CBB, with 93% of the genome assembled into 14 scaffolds. Whole genome sequencing of pooled samples from different populations across Jamaica showed that the CBB harbors low levels of genetic diversity alongside an excess of low-frequency alleles, indicative of a recent genetic bottleneck. The analyses also showed a recent surge in the activity of transposable elements (TEs), particularly LINE/R1 and LTR/Gypsy elements, within CBB populations. Our findings offer first insights into the evolutionary genomics of CBB populations in Jamaica, highlighting the potential role of TEs in shaping the genome of this important pest species.
The National Institute on Aging’s Resource Centers for Minority Aging Research: Development, Evolution, and Impact
Authors: Stahl Sidney M , Lichtenberg Peter A , Barnes Lisa L , Muramatsu Naoko , Manson Spero M
Published: November 2024

Spanning nearly 30 of the 50 years in which the National Institute on Aging (NIA) has existed, the Resource Centers for Minority Aging Research (RCMAR) program represents one of the most successful initiatives for advancing minority aging research and diversifying the scientific workforce within the Institute and across the National Institutes of Health. This article celebrates the genesis of the RCMAR program, beginning with the need to enhance this work, ranging from theories underlying the then-nascent field of health disparities research to study design, measurement, and analytic procedures. It describes the companion focus on preparing, expanding, and diversifying generations of future scholars/scientists to carry forward these advances. RCMAR’s emphasis on promoting a comprehensive approach to research career development and building supportive learning communities heralded a more holistic approach to training than was previously the case. The discussion describes the evolution of the structure and emphases of the RCMAR program as it has responded to the frequently changing political, funding, and research environments. The article concludes by highlighting the major successes of this initiative, the challenges it faces, and opportunities afforded future growth as individual centers, the program at large, and NIA as a whole continue to innovate as they collectively address the original goals that remain relevant today and in the near future.
El desafío iliberal a la independencia judicial: la contribución de los tribunales internacionalesThe illiberal challenge to judicial independence: the contribution of international tribunals
Authors: Martinico Giuseppe , Mier Galera David
Published: November 2024

This article explores how international courts can contribute, albeit in a limited way, to defending the independence of national judges against the onslaught of illiberal governments. Structurally, we will first provide a characterisation of the illiberal phenomenon in order to map the literature. We will show how international and supranational courts have developed a standard for preserving the independence of domestic judges, and the limits to the application of this standard. In the final part of the article, we will develop some critical considerations based on the results of our analysis.
Justicia constitucional y polarización política en EspañaConstitutional justice and political polarization in Spain
Authors: Simón Yarza Fernando
Published: November 2024

Established in 1980, the Spanish Constitutional Court displayed a pacifying function and remained in a discreet position, relatively immune to external polarization, during its first years of existence. Already in the first decade, certain signs of polarization began to appear. However, the last fifteen years have witnessed an increasing polarization around the Court. This is mainly due to exogenous causes, which have produced a change in the very self-understanding of the Court. The article begins with some conceptual clarifications, in order to highlight the inherent balance of Constitutional Justice. The author then devotes an epigraph to examine the practices that have contributed to polarization from the outside (distribution of appointments by quotas, transfer of social polarization, excessive recusals, political criticism and direct legislative disturbance of its peaceful functioning). Thirdly, he refers to the judicial practices that, as a consequence of the external intervention, seem to have fed back the polarization (leaks, delays, public exposure of the judges and overreaching of jurisdiction). The author concludes with some more general reflections on the relationship between the external and internal causes of polarization around the Court.
The Lexicographic Process Revisited
Authors: Klosa-Kückelhaus Annette , Tiberius Carole
Published: November 2024

Lexicographic practice is changing and so is the lexicographic process. This article therefore reconsiders the lexicographic process and takes into account the development towards centralised lexicographical databases which can be observed at lexicographic institutions and dictionary publishing houses in the last couple of years. We discuss how this affects the lexicographic process and its phases and how the process could be further changed by the systematic use of LLMs in lexicography or the further involvement of dictionary users in the process. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for continuously observing the lexicographic process and redefining it if necessary.
Pilferage risk and selective pilfering of scatterhoarded food in Auburn, Alabama, United States
Authors: Ramirez Sarah B , Dobson F Stephen , Steury Todd D
Published: November 2024

Animals that experience a food-scarce season can supplement their diet by scatterhoarding, or burying food around their home range, and then retrieving and consuming those food items at a later date. Theft, or pilferage, is considered the greatest risk to stored food; yet little is known about the pilferage risk of different types of seeds. We investigated the long-term relative pilferage risk of 793 artificially scatterhoarded seeds (Mockernut Hickory, Carya tomentosa (Lam. Ex Poir.) Nutt.; American Beech, Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.; White Oak, Quercus alba L.; Water Oak, Quercus nigra L.) buried in Alabama from October 2020 to February 2021 and exposed to hoarding populations of eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis Gmelin, 1788) and eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus (L., 1758)). We found evidence that animals can selectively pilfer whole, dormant seeds and whole seeds were pilfered more rapidly than those with excised embryos. Whole Water Oak acorns were more likely to be pilfered than all other seed types. All seeds had a combined pilferage risk of 0.98 over 182 days, and the risks for individual seed types were all greater than 0.97. Our findings indicate the importance of pilferage reduction strategies documented in hoarding species and may indicate an advantage to having a diverse supply of hoarded foods that include lower-value seeds with lower pilferage risk.
International research collaboration in personalized medicine between Europe and Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Gómez-Núñez Antonio J , Perianes-Rodríguez Antonio , Sela Erika , Guinea Joaquín
Published: November 2024

An analysis of research collaboration in personalized medicine between European and Latin American and Caribbean countries has been conducted in order to identify significant aspects allowing such collaboration. It aims to comprehend strategic issues for establishing research collaborations in personalized medicine between the two regions, as well as the structural factors that facilitate the collaboration. An exhaustive literature review of the subject was the basis for the development of a framework covering several factors that are significant at different stages of the collaboration process. The framework assisted in developing a questionnaire and defining relevant questions for a final survey, which was sent to more than 1,800 corresponding authors of publications resulting from collaborations between European and Latin American and Caribbean researchers. The results point out interesting issues like the profile of the collaboration partners, types of research collaboration, factors and motivations favouring the participation in collaborative research, ways to contact partners, funding sources and tools, main outputs or principal barriers to collaboration. Due to the lack of available information on research collaborations in the field of personalized medicine, this type of analysis is valuable to support science and research policy-making and to evaluate the various actions, initiatives and projects carried out in this scenario. Although our methodology and analysis focused on the field of personalized medicine, the results obtained could be helpful to better understand the reality of international scientific collaborations and support the design of collaborative funding programmes in other fields.
The future of the transnational law of security rights: the emergence of security rights in electronic data
Authors: Gabriel Henry Deeb
Published: November 2024

The law of transnational secured transactions needs to evolve to accommodate both emerging technologies as well as new classes of assets.
A rapid and parallel Late Pleistocene/Holocene morphological radiation in a predaceous planktonic water flea: the case of Bythotrephes (Cladocera: Cercopagididae)
Authors: Karpowicz Maciej , Karabanov Dmitry , Świsłocka-Cutter Magdalena , Sługocki Łukasz , Whitmore-Stolar Elizabeth A , Connolly Joseph K , Watkins James M , Kotov Alexey A
Published: November 2024

The predatory cladoceran Bythotrephes is one of North America’s most successful and impactive invasive species in freshwater plankton communities. The taxonomic status of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Cercopagididae) has remained unclear and a subject of intensive debate for over 150 years. We applied an integrative taxonomy approach with multi-gene analysis (mitochondrial COI and 12S genes, and nuclear 18S and 28S genes) on 80 individuals (representing at least four morphospecies) from various regions spanning the genus distribution (North America, Europe, and Asia) to resolve the taxonomic status of species within Bythotrephes. The results of our study strongly support the hypothesis of a single species—Bythotrephes longimanus Leydig, 1860, and ecological morphs should be accepted as junior synonyms. Our work also elucidates the very recent radiation of Bythotrephes, which may have begun rapidly and parallel during the Late Pleistocene, or even after the last glaciation. Finally, we provide a comprehensive biogeographic reconstruction of Bythotrephes dispersal within the Holarctic realm. Europe likely served as a dispersal centre for Bythotrephes from where they spread relatively recently (possibly, less than 10 kyr) and we distinguish five possible dispersal events in its evolutionary history.
Breast relapse of myeloid sarcoma and SARS-CoV-2 infection following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in mixed-phenotype acute leukemia: a case report
Authors: Hu Chaolu , Liu Hui , Zhao Song , Shang Mengmeng , Ma Rong , Dong Xiaoyuan , Zhu Jiang
Published: November 2024

Background

Mixed-phenotype acute leukemia is a rare, high-risk subtype of acute leukemia. Myeloid sarcoma is a localized tumor formed by the proliferation and infiltration of primitive or immature myeloid cells outside the bone marrow. It is often an extramedullary manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia, and imaging lacks specificity, leading to potential misdiagnosis.

Case Presentation

A female patient diagnosed with mixed-phenotype acute leukemia achieved complete remission after chemotherapy and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, a relapse occurred in the breast after transplantation. The patient achieved local control through mastectomy and removal of the axillary lymph nodes on the affected side. Unfortunately, during the subsequent course of chemotherapy, the patient died of a severe pulmonary infection caused by coronavirus disease 2019.

Conclusion

Continuous treatment and monitoring of mixed-phenotype acute leukemia patients are essential, especially for those with extramedullary manifestations (such as breast involvement).
Efficacy comparison of repeated low-level red-light therapy and orthokeratology lenses for myopia control
Authors: Sun Jing-Ru , Du Zhi-Qiang , Wu Gang-Yue
Published: November 2024

SIGNIFICANCE

These findings suggest that repeated low-level red-light therapy holds potential as a new method for managing myopia in children.

PURPOSE

This study aimed to compare and analyze the efficacy of repeated low-level red-light therapy and orthokeratology lenses for myopia control in children.

METHODS

Exactly 138 participants were enrolled in this retrospective study. Comprehensive eye examinations were performed prior to treatment. The repeated low-level red-light therapy and orthokeratology lenses groups comprised 67 and 71 patients, respectively. The age range was between 6 and 14 years, with myopia of ≤−0.50 D and astigmatism of ≤2.50 D after cycloplegia. Follow-up data were collected during the initial visit and the treatment period. Changes in axial length over a 2-year period and associated factors were analyzed.

RESULTS

Over the 2-year period, the repeated low-level red-light therapy group exhibited significantly less axial length growth compared with the orthokeratology lenses group (0.17 ± 0.40 vs. 0.50 ± 0.27 mm, p<0.001). In the first year, the axial length growth in the repeated low-level red-light therapy group was significantly less than that in the orthokeratology lenses group (0.03 ± 0.22 vs. 0.28 ± 0.18 mm, p<0.001), with no significant difference observed in the second year (0.14 ± 0.29 vs. 0.21 ± 0.14 mm, p=0.06). The repeated low-level red-light therapy group showed a 55% reduction in axial length after 1 month and a 42% reduction after 1 year, compared with 4% and 3% reductions in the orthokeratology lenses group, respectively. Linear mixed-effects model analysis indicated that the annual axial length change rate in the repeated low-level red-light therapy group was 0.10 mm (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.07 to 0.14), compared with 0.25 mm in the orthokeratology lenses group (95% CI, 0.24 to 0.27), with an average difference of 0.15 mm (95% CI, −0.17 to −0.12, p<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Repeated low-level red-light therapy demonstrated slightly superior efficacy in controlling myopia progression in children compared with orthokeratology lenses.
Do previous contraceptive methods have an impact on postmenopausal women’s health? A questionnaire study
Authors: Tang Yun-Hui , He Yuan , Yao Xiao-Ying
Published: November 2024

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between previous contraceptive methods and postmenopausal health in older women.

Methods:

A questionnaire was administered to value the health status of women aged at least 65 years. Factors associated with general health and reproductive health were analyzed.

Results:

A total of 2746 older women were enrolled, and hypertension was the most common non-neoplastic disease (37.62%, 1033/2746) among the group. A total of 123 patients were diagnosed with postmenopausal neoplastic disease. Breast cancer was the most common malignancy among older women (37/123, 31%). Women in the ligation group had a lower incidence of hypertension (239/1033, 23.14%), and women in the intrauterine devices (IUDs) group had a higher incidence of postmenopausal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection (140/200, 70%). The incidence of breast cancer significantly decreased after tubal ligation (2/37, 5.4%), whereas women who used condoms had a significantly lower incidence of cervical cancer after menopause (2/26, 7.69%).

Conclusions:

Hypertension is a common condition among women aged 65 and older, and breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy. Among women aged 65 and older, the incidence of hypertension and breast cancer was lower after tubal ligation. Cervical cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy in postmenopausal women. Women who used IUDs had a higher risk for HPV infection. The incidence of cervical cancer is significantly lower in women who used condoms compared to those who did not.
Reactive Astrocytes Promote Axonal Remodeling of the Corticospinal Tract During Neuronal Recovery Revealed by 18F-THK5351 PET
Authors: Hatakeyama Tetsuhiro , Kawai Nobuyuki , Maruo Tomoko , Norikane Takashi , Yamamoto Yuka , Miyake Keisuke
Published: November 2024

A teenager who suffered from left hemiparesis after traumatic brain injury underwent 18F-THK5351 PET 48, 286, and 810 days after the injury. The first scan showed slight uptake in the right corticospinal tract (CST), and the second scan showed intense uptake along the CST, which was significantly reduced in the third scan. The hemiparesis has improved between the first and second scans. 18F-THK5351 binds to monoamine oxidase B, which is expressed in reactive astrocytes (RAs). Recently, the beneficial role of RAs in plasticity and reconstruction after traumatic brain injury has been reported. 18F-THK5351 uptake may represent axonal remodeling accompanied with RAs in the CST.
Unexpected Radioiodine Uptake in 131I Whole-Body Scan
Authors: Yang Biao , Lv Yuhu , Zhang Xiao , Shao Fuqiang , Lan Xiaoli
Published: November 2024

A 23-year-old woman underwent a near-total thyroidectomy approximately 4 months prior due to papillary carcinoma. To eliminate residual thyroid tissue, she was administered 130 mCi of 131I during her initial radioiodine therapy session. After receiving therapy for 3 days, a focus of radioiodine uptake was noted in the left pelvic cavity on the posttherapy 131I whole-body image. Further analysis using SPECT/CT imaging pinpointed the uptake to the left ovary. Histopathological findings confirmed the presence of a mature teratoma in the ovary.
FDG PET Images of Pseudoprogression After Nivolumab-FOLFOX Chemotherapy in a Gastric Cancer Patient
Authors: Lee Yeongjoo , Won Hye Sung , Seo Kyung Jin , Na Sae Jung
Published: November 2024

A 60-year-old man diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma underwent FDG PET/CT. After completing 9 cycles of combination chemotherapy with nivolumab and FOLFOX, he had multiple new nodular uptakes in the bilateral cervical chains and mediastinum. The pathology of the right neck node confirmed reactive lymph node hyperplasia without evidence of malignancy, suggesting pseudoprogression after immunotherapy. It is worthwhile to report these PET image patterns, as they could significantly influence clinical decision-making.
Measuring positive health using the My Positive Health (MPH) and Individual Recovery Outcomes Counter (I.ROC) dialogue tools: a panel study on measurement properties in a representative general Dutch population
Authors: van Druten Vera P. , Metz Margot J. , Mathijssen Jolanda J.P. , van de Mheen Dike , van Vliet Marja , Rudd Bridey , de Vries Esther , Nahar– van Venrooij Lenny M.W.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Using the ‘positive health’ perspective has emerged in general healthcare. Conceptual similarities exist with the ‘recovery’ perspective in mental healthcare. Both concepts are multidimensional and focus on capability. The My Positive Health (MPH) and Individual Recovery Outcomes Counter (I.ROC) tools were developed fordialogues. These tools might be useful forquantitively measuringthepositive healthconstruct for monitoring and scientific purposes as well. We aimed to investigate this.

Method

An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in a representative general Dutch population (the LISS panel) to investigate factor structures and internal consistency from the 42-items MPH and 12-items I.ROC. After randomly splitting the dataset, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were applied. Spearman correlation coefficient between both tools’ total scores was calculated.

Results

2,457 participants completed the questionnaires. A six-factor structure was extracted for MPH (PH42) and a two-factor structure for I.ROC (I.ROC12). Explained variances were 68.1% and 56.1%, respectively. CFA resulted in good fit indices. Cronbach’s alphas were between 0.74 to 0.97 (PH42) and 0.73 to 0.87 (I.ROC12). Correlation between the total scores was 0.77.

Conclusion

Both PH42 and I.ROC12 are useful to quantitatively measure positive health aspects which can be summarised in sum scores in a general population. The dimensions found in this study and the corresponding item division differed from the dimensions of the original dialogue tools. Further research is recommended focussing on item reduction for PH42, factor structure of I.ROC and assessment of construct validity (in a general population) in more depth.