bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Şizofreni Hastalarında Destekli İşe Yerleştirim: Üç Yıllık İzlem Sonucunun Değerlendirmesi
Authors: İNCEDERE Aysel , YILDIZ Mustafa
Published: November 2021

Amaç: Şizofreni hastalığı olan bireylerin hastalık belirtileri ve toplumsal etkenler nedeniyle iş yaşamına katılım oranı düşüktür. Oysaki hastaların iş yaşamında olmasının iyileştirici özelliği bilinmektedir. Hastaların işe yerleştirimi için değişik hizmet modelleri geliştirilmiştir. Burada olgu yöneticiliği uygulamasıyla işe yerleştirilen bir grup şizofreni hastasının üç yıllık iş yaşamı sonuçları sunulacaktır. Yöntem: Olgu yöneticiliği uygulamasıyla destekli işe yerleştirim hizmetleri için belirlenmiş ilkeler çerçevesinde hastaların niteliklerine uygun konumlarda toplumla bütünleşik olan işe yerleştirme çalışması yapıldı. İş yeri ile klinik hizmetler arasında eşgüdüm sağlanarak çalışan hastalara bireyselleştirilmiş destek sağlandı. Bu hizmetler kapsamında engelli ya da normal kadrodan işe yerleştirilmiş 12 şizofreni hastasının üç yıllık izlem verileri incelendi. Katılımcıların klinik ve toplumsal işlevsellikleri destekli işe yerleştirim hizmetlerinden önce ve sonra ölçüldü. Sonuçlar parametrik olmayan testlerden olan Wilcoxon Testi ile değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan hastaların 3’ü (%25) normal kadrodan, 9’u (%75) engelli kadrosundan işe başladı. Devlet sektöründe memur/hizmetli kadrosunda 7 hasta (%58), özel sektörde 5 hasta (%42) işe başladı. Destekli işe yerleştirim hizmetleri sunulan katılımcıların 10’nu (%83) 36 ay boyunca işine devam etti. Destekli işe yerleştirim sonrasında klinik ve toplumsal işlevsellik alanlarındaki ölçeklerden alınan puanlarda başlangıç ölçümlerine göre anlamlı fark saptandı.Sonuç: Olgu yöneticiliği uygulamasıyla yürütülen destekli işe yerleştirim hizmetlerinin şizofreni hastalığı olan bireylerin işe yerleşmesinde, işi sürdürmesinde, hastalık belirtilerinin azalmasında, toplumsal işlevselliklerinin artmasında ve aile yükünün azalmasında önemli katkıları olacağı söylenebilir.
Az Diferansiye Tiroid Karsinomlarının Turin ve “Memorial Sloan Kettering Kanser Merkezi” Kriterlerine Göre Retrospektif Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: TURAN Gupse , ERUYAR Ahmet , KİRAZ Umay
Published: November 2021

Amaç: Az diferansiye tiroid karsinomları (ADTK), biyolojik davranışlarına göre, iyi diferansiye tiroid karsinomlarla anaplastik karsinomlar arasında yeralır. ADTK tanısını koymak için, Turin tanı kriterleri 2017 Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) sınıflamasında kabul edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, son 15 yıllık arşivimizdeki ADTK tanılı olgularımızın bu kriterlere göre yeniden değerlendirmesi amaçlandı.
Yöntem: Kurumumuzda 2006-2020 yılları arasında tanı konulan tüm primer tiroid karsinomu olguları tarandı. ADTK tanısı almış olan olgular çalışma grubuna alındı ve bu olgular, klinikopatolojik bulguları ile mikroskopik olarak Turin ve “Memorial Sloan Kettering kanser merkezi” (MSKCC) kriterlerine göre yeniden değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Arşivimizde primer tiroid karsinomu tanısı almış toplam 2138 olgu vardı. Bunların 16’sı (%0,75) ADTK tanısı almıştı. Olguların 11’i kadın, 5’i erkek ve ortalama yaş 53,5 (yaş aralığı: 13-68 yıl); ortalama tümör çapı 50 mm idi (32-75 mm).
Turin kriterlerine göre yeniden değerlendirilen olguların 11’i bu kriterleri tümüyle sağlarken (%68,7), 2’si (%12,5) ADTKnun tüm özelliklerini içermemekteydi. Geriye kalan 3 (%18,7) konsültasyon olgusu hakkında elimizde yeterli veri bulunmamaktaydı.
Olguların hepsi total tiroidektomili olup, 2’sinde bölgesel lenf nodu metastazı ve 3’ünde de uzak organ metastazı geliştiği saptandı. Bunlar içerisindeki bir olguda, hem bölgesel lenf nodu hem de uzak organ metastazı birlikteydi. Turin kriterlerini tümüyle sağlamayan 2 olguda ise bölgesel ya da uzak metastaz saptanmadı.
Sonuç: Görülme sıklığı az olmakla birlikte, ADTKlar, birçok tümör ile ayrırıcı tanı yapmanın önemli olduğu agresif tümörlerdir. ADTK, solid / trabeküler /insüler gelişim paterni gösteren tiroid yerleşimli tümörlerde ayırıcı tanıya alınmalı ve Turin ve MSKCC kriterleri sorgulanmalıdır.
Assessing of the Morphology and Sediment Transport of Diyala River
Authors: Jassam Wafeek Abood , Abed Basim Sh.
Published: November 2021

Diyala River is one of the important rivers that provide water for the Governorate of Diyala. In this research, the morphology and sediment transport of this river were studied using HEC-Ras software. The selected length of the river in the present study is 193 km and extended from Diyala Weir to the confluence of Tigris River and Diyala River. The fieldwork period extended from June 2020 till August 2020, where suspended-load and bed-load samples were collected and surveyed some cross-sections. The one-dimensional sediment transport model has been calibrated for five years, from 2014 to 2019. The results were compared with the measured cross-sections in 2019,  and the suitable value of (maximum depth) was 120 cm for five years. The result of invert change from the simulation of the sediment model for real condition of the river from 2018 to 2019 ranged from0.2 m to 0.6 m. Moreover, the daily and yearly sediment discharge was equal to 227.7 tons/day and 83531.93 tons/year, which were previous studies carried out on this river. While the simulating results of the imposed period as five successive flood years give an invert change values varied from -1.25 to 1.4 m. The river's capacity was improved by rising the riverbank level for parts of the reach and/or training of cross-sections for other parts.
Pengaruh Pemberian Probiotik Pada Media Pemeliharaan Terhadap Kualitas Air Dan Pertumbuhan Benih Ikan Baung (Mystus Nemurus)
Authors: Purba Sondang Rosnaria , Mulyani Cut , Putriningtias Andika
Published: October 2021

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian probiotik pada media pemeliharaan terhadap kualitas air dan pertumbuhan benih ikan baung (Mystus nemurus). Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah perbedaan jumlah probiotik yang ditambahkan yaitu yang terdiri dari perlakuan tanpa penambahan probiotk, perlakuan dengan penambahan probiotik sebanyak 0,5 ml/L, 1 ml/L, 1,5 ml/L. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas air pada masa penelitian tidak berpengaruh dan menghasilkan pertumbuhan panjang mutlak 6,30 cm, pertumbuhan berat mutlak 7,60 gr, survival rate 100%, laju pertumbuhan spesifik 4,78% dan rasio konfersi pakan 3,3%.
Kata kunci : Ikan baung, kualitas air, probiotik.
ABSTRACTThis research was conducted to find out the effect of probiotics administration on maintenance media on water quality and growth of baung fish seed (Mystus nemurus). The design used in this study was a Complete Randomized Design with 4 treatments of 3 repeats. The treatment given is the difference in the amount of probiotics added that consists of treatment without the addition of probiotk, treatment with the addition of probiotics as much as 0.5 ml / L, 1 ml / L, 1.5 ml / L. The results showed that water quality during the study had no effect and resulted in absolute long growth of 6.30 cm, absolute weight growth of 7.60 gr, survival rate of 100%, specific growth rate of 4.78% and feed confetti ratio of 3.3%. Keywords: Baung fish, water quality, probiotics.
New Recorded of Saltwater Crocodile Crocodylus porosus Schneider, 1801 from East Coast Mangrove Ecosystem in Surabaya, East Jawa, Indonesia
Authors: Andriyono Sapto , Sukistyanawati Agustin
Published: October 2021

A single specimen of saltwater crocodile Crocodylus porosus Schneider, 1801 (1.50 cm in length) was captured and photographed by a local fisherman by gill net at fishpond around mangrove ecosystem of east coast Surabaya on December 2020. The location where the estuarine crocodile caught is an important wetland area in Surabaya with an excellent mangrove cover. Wonorejo mangrove location is about 10 km from the centre of Surabaya, the second-largest city in Indonesia. This finding is considered as a first reported of C. porosus in Surabaya, and at the same time is proof of the importance of the mangrove area on the east coast of Surabaya as a habitat for wildlife that must be conserved appropriately. Routine monitoring of mangrove areas, including their wildlife, is essential so that they are not displaced by the development of the city which changes the land function to become a residential area.
Aplikasi POC (Pupuk Organik Cair) Pada Persiapan Kolam Pembesaran Budidaya Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) Terhadap Pertumbuhan, Tingkat Kelangsungan Hidup, Rasio Konversi Pakan, dan Efisiensi Pemanfaatan Pakan
Authors: Dewi Nina Nurmalia , Rahadini Nadya , Rahadini Nadya
Published: October 2021

Udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) merupakan salah satu komoditas menjajikan yang bernilai tinggi. Budidaya udang vaname saat ini biasa menggunakan sistem intensif yang mana dapat mengakibatkan masalah lingkungan air budidaya kolam itu sendiri seperti limbah organik yang dihasilkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aplikasi POC (Pupuk Organik Cair) pada persiapan kolam pembesaran budidaya udang vaname terhadap pertumbuhan, rasio konversi pakan, efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan, dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup udang vaname. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Instalasi Budidaya Air Payau Prigi, Trenggalek, Provinsi Jawa Timur pada Desember 2019 – Januari 2020. Metode kerja yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan pengambilan data meliputi data primer dan data sekunder. Hasil yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa udang mengalami pertumbuhan sebesar 1,67-4,33 gram/hari dan selalu mengalami kenaikan. Nilai  FCR yaitu 1,6 dan EPP 62,5%. Tingkat kelulushidupan sebesar 51,3%. Rentang suhu selama penelitian berkisar 29°C-30,5°C sedangkan untuk pH berkisar antara 5,4-8, rata-rata nilai DO yaitu 4,86 mg/L, dan untuk salinitas berkisar antara 13-29 ppt.
Keyword : pertumbuhan, kualitas air, tingkat kelangsungan hidup, pupuk organik cair.
Pemijahan Ikan Cupang Alam (Betta Channoides) Induk Alam (G0) Secara Berpasangan Dan Pengamatan Umur Matang Gonad Pertama Kali Keturunan Generasi Pertama (G1)
Authors: Permana Asep , Priyadi Agus , Musa Ahmad , Nur Bastiar , Cindelaras Sawung , Rohmy Sulasy , Musthofa Cindelaras
Published: October 2021

Ikan cupang alam (Betta channoides) merupakan ikan asli dan endemik dari Kalimantan Timur. Ikan ini mempunyai warna yang indah dan menarik sebagai komoditas ikan hias. Ikan ini bisa memijah alami baik secara berpasangan maupun secara massal. Sejauh ini data reproduksi dan umur matang gonad pertama kali ikan generasi pertama (G1) belum diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui data reproduksi dari pemijahan secara berpasangan dan pertumbuhan serta umur matang gonad generasi pertama. Untuk melihat data reproduksinya dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pemijahan secara berpasangan (1 jantan : 1 betina). Hasil anakan dari pemijahan ini kemudian dipelihara dan dibesarkan dengan tujuan untuk melihat pertumbuhan dan umur matang gonad. Parameter yang akan diamati pada penelitian ini adalah data reproduksi : jumlah anakan, jumlah larva, sintasan larva dan benih, pertumbuhan dan umur matang gonad pertama anakan (G1). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa data reproduksi ikan B chanoides yang dipijahkan secara berpasangan menghasilkan larva sebanyak 61 ± 7,00 ekor, sintasan larva sampai pemeliharaan umur 30 hari sebesar 88 ± 2,65 %, sintasan benih sampai pemeliharaan umur 120 hari sebesar 71,33 ± 3,21 %. Pertumbuhan panjang mutlak dari larva sampai ukuran induk umur 120 hari sebesar 34,02 mm dan anakan generasi pertama memerlukan waktu untuk menjadi induk selama 120 hari atau 4 bulan.
 
Kata Kunci : pemijahan, berpasangan, reproduksi, sintasan, pertumbuhan, umur matang gonad, generasi pertama, B channoides
English and Spanish Adjectives that Describe the Japanese Concept of Kawaii
Authors: Nittono Hiroshi , Saito Hatsune , Ihara Namiha , Fenocchio Dante , Andreau Jorge Mario
Published: November 2021

The word “kawaii” is ubiquitous in contemporary Japan and has spread to
the rest of the world with the dissemination of Japanese pop culture. Although
the word is conventionally translated in English as “cute,” its meaning is more
nuanced than “cute,” and it is used for a wider variety of objects. The primary
aim of this study was to determine if Spanish has an equivalent to the word “kawaii”;
additionally, the similarities and differences across Japanese, English, and
Spanish were explored. An internet survey was conducted in which respondents from
Japan (n = 486), the United States (n = 365), and Argentina (n
= 303) were presented with various photographic images that were often described
as “kawaii” in Japanese and asked to write three adjectives to describe the
images. They were also instructed to rate their affective states when looking
at each image in the valence and arousal dimensions. The results showed that babyish
objects (e.g., human, animal, and toy) were most frequently defined as “kawaii”
in Japanese, “cute” in English, and “tierno” in Spanish. The
average frequency at which these words were used as primary adjectives was
higher for “kawaii” (57.5%) than for “cute” (26.8%) or “tierno” (22.4%). Other
images for which “kawaii” was used, such as whimsical things and pastel-colored
sweets, were less likely to be described as “cute” or “tierno,” although all of
these images were associated with positive and moderately-aroused affective
states similarly across all three countries. The present study demonstrates
that the adjectives “kawaii,” “cute,” and “tierno” can be used almost
equivalently for describing babies and pets, but that the Japanese adjective “kawaii”
encompasses wider categories than the other two words.
Hội thảo Thúc đẩy khoa học mở tại Đông Nam Á
Authors: Huyen Nguyen Thanh Thanh
Published: November 2021

Hội thảo Thúc đẩy khoa học mở tại Đông Nam Á
INTERAKSI SOSIAL ANTARA WARGA PERMUKIMAN REAL ESTAT DENGAN PENDUDUK DI SEKITAR NYA
Authors: Rahardjo Parino , Nuzzela Softy
Published: November 2021

Permukiman Bonana, berlokasi di Kecamatan Cilandak, kelurahan Lebak Bulus. Dibangun pada lahan seluas 38 Ha, merupakan hasil konversi kebun dan rawa milik penduduk yang saat ini sebagian masih mendiami perkampungan di sekitar Permukiman tersebut. Pada umumnya mereka yang bekerja di Permukiman Bonana, bertempat tinggal di perkampungan disekitar permukiman Bonana. Permukiman Bonana dilengkapi dengan fasilitas umum dan sosial. Permukiman Bonana di lengkapi dengan Ruang Terbuka Hijau, berupa taman, lapangan tenis, dan ruang terbuka hijau sepanjang saluran utama drainase. Ruang terbuka hijau yang dilengkapi dengan tempat permainan anak (playground), lapangan basket dan bulu tangkis dan fasilitas peribadatan masjid. Sarana yang ada di dalam Permukiman Bonana dimanfaatkan juga oleh warga sekitar Permukiman Bonana. Di dalam Permukiman, fasilitas ekonomi formal yang dibangun oleh pengembang berupa pertokoan dengan fasilitas perbankan, kebutuhan rumah tangga, kebutuhan medis, dan tempat makan, di samping itu terdapa terdapat pasar informal yang menjual kebutuhan sehari-hari. Pasar informal ini dibentuk oleh masyarakat pedagang. Pada umumnya permukiman yang dibangun oleh pengembang umumnya tertutup terhadap masyrakat sekitarnya, sebagai tidakan preventif terhadap tindak kriminal, namun Permukiman Bonana terbuka antara warga permukiman dengan masyarakat sekitar. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui bentuk partisipasi warga Permukiman Bonana untuk menjaga keamanan dan kenyamanan permukimannya. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data dengan wawancara dan observasi, dan dengan menggunakan narasumber. Penelitian mendapatkan partisipasi warga Permukiman Bonana untuk menjadikan permukiman yang aman dan nyaman.
PENDIDIKAN AGAMA BERWAWASAN MULTIKULTURAL PADA SMA SWASTA DI KABUPATEN KLUNGKUNG
Authors: Wibowo A.M.
Published: November 2021

Beberapa budaya sekolah turut mendukung implementasi pendidikan agama berwawasan multikultural seperti kantin sekolah, kesempatan melaksanakan ibadah, dan perpustakaan. Masih ada sebagian guru guru agama di kabupaten Klungkung memandang pendidikan multikultural terbatas pada persoalan perbedaan suku atau etnis saja belum sampai pada persoalan multikultural secara holistic sehingga kurikulum yang dibangun belum didesain memasukan nilai-nilai multikultural selain terkait dengan etnisitas, seperti perbedaan agama, jenis kelamin dan status sosial. Persepsi siswa SMA terhadap hasil pembelajaran pendidikan agama berwawasan multikultural secara kognitif masih terbatas pada pengetahuan terkait perbedaan etnis saja, namun secara afeksi dan psikomotorik peserta didik telah mempraktikan multikultural dalam kegiatan sehari-hari di sekolah dan lingkungan. Faktor pendukung implementasi pendidikan agama berwawasan multikultural pada subyek penelitian berupa beberapa kebijakan kepala sekolah serta budaya sekolah. Faktor penghambat implementasi pendidikan gama berwawasan multicultural meliputi sumber daya guru agama yang belum memahami perosalan-persoalan terkait multikultural, tidak adanya slogan/symbol-simbol tentang multikultural di sekolah, belum disusunnya kurikulum pendidikan agama berwawasan multukultural, dan buku ajar pendidikan agama.
Resensi Buku Memahami Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus.
Authors: Maulana Muamar Maulana, Mahmudah, Aulia Suci Ramadhany,S.t Ainun Mus
Published: November 2021

Semoga Allah memberikan ketenangan
TOLERANSI ANTAR UMAT BERAGAMA DAN MEMPERKOKOH PERSATUAN DAN KESATUAN BANGSA
Authors: Hayyun Naufal Aditya Syam
Published: November 2021

Supaya kerukunan dan toleransi antar umat beragama bisa menjadi alat pemersatu bangsa, maka kemajemukan harus dikelola dengan baik dan benar, maka diperlukan cara yang efektif yaitu dialog antar umat beragama untuk permasalahan yang mengganjal antar masing-masing kelompok umat beragama. Karena mungkin selama ini konflik yang timbul angtar umat beragama terjadi karena terputusnya jalinan informasi yang benar di antara pemeluk agama dari satu pihak ke pihak lain sehingga timbul prasangka-prasangka negatif.
Afandi.19421058.CloudComputing.3
Authors: Akbar Afandi
Published: November 2021

Afandi.19421058.CloudComputing.3
Mengembangkan Sikap Toleransi di Kalangan Siswa
Authors: Mulia Restinanda Putri
Published: November 2021

Toleransi bagian etika sosial yang melandasi sikap dan perbuatan yang tenang di atas kebaikan dan kebenaran dalam interaksi sosial bersama. Etika sosial menghidupkan sikap dan perilaku toleran, menghidupi serta mengagungkan kebaikan dan kebenaran di masyarakat. Pengendalian sebagai pemikiran dan tindakan yang dilandasi nilai etika menurut norma/kaidah sosial dan hukum yang berlaku, sehingga memanifestasikan pencapaian kepentingan bersama.
On the impact of urbanisation on CO2 emissions
Authors: Luqman Muhammad , Rayner Peter , Gurney Kevin
Published: November 2021

We use a globally consistent, time-resolved data set of CO2 emission proxies to quantify urban CO2 emissions in 91 cities. We decompose emission trends into contributions from changes in urban extent, population density and per capita emission. We find that urban CO2 emissions are increasing everywhere but that the dominant contributors differ according to development level. A cluster analysis of factors shows that developing countries were dominated by cities with the rapid area and per capita CO2 emissions increases. Cities in the developed world, by contrast, show slow area and per capita CO2 emissions growth. China is an important intermediate case with rapid urban area growth combined with slower per capita CO2 emissions growth. Urban per capita emissions are often lower than their national average for many developed countries, suggesting that urbanisation may reduce overall emissions. However, trends in per capita urban emissions are higher than their national equivalent almost everywhere, suggesting that urbanisation will become a more serious problem in the future. An important exception is China,whose per capita urban emissions are growing more slowly than the national value. We also see a negative correlation between trends in population density and per capita CO2 emissions, highlighting a strong role for densification as a tool to reduce CO2 emissions.
Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Skewed Reinforced Concrete Bridges
Authors: Ghanem Amr , Moon Do-Soo , Lee Young Joo
Published: November 2021

Skewed bridges are commonly used in highway interchanges where the straight (unskewed) bridges are not suitable. There have been several observations of heavy damage of bridges that have geometric irregularities, especially significant skewness. Such damage severely disrupts transportation systems, leading to substantial economic consequences. Skewed bridges are often inevitable due to the complexity and lack of orthogonality of transportation networks; hence better quantification of the effects of skewness on the bridge performance is a more viable approach than avoiding skewed bridges. This research focuses on the seismic vulnerability analysis of skewed reinforced concrete (RC) bridges. From the straight to highly skewed, various bridge models are created based on design example No. 4 prepared by the US Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). A set of earthquake ground motion records is carefully selected to impose consistent seismic demands on bridges. The fragility relationships for all bridge configurations are derived from the non-linear dynamic response history analysis. A new structural reliability method is utilized to handle the computational challenge in deriving fragility curves, which incorporates the structural analysis and reliability analysis to calculate the failure probability efficiently and accurately with the first-order reliability method (FORM). An attempt is made to parameterize the problem based on the skew angle. It is shown that the skew angle has a direct effect on the seismic vulnerability of RC bridges. The results reported will be helpful for new designs of skew RC bridges.
Decoding satellite images of earthquakes, Part-IV: Understanding Convolution
Authors: Dana Saumik
Published: November 2021

This document is part IV of a series of documents providing a lowdown on image processing in the context of understanding satellite images of earthquakes.
Evidence Synthesis Indicates Contentless Experiences in Meditation are Neither Truly Contentless Nor Identical
Authors: Woods Toby , Windt Jennifer , Carter Olivia
Published: November 2021

Contentless experience involves an absence of mental content such as thoughts, perceptions, and mental images. In academic work it has been traditionally treated as including states like those aimed for in Shamatha, Transcendental, and Stillness Meditation. We have used evidence synthesis to select and review 135 expert texts from within the three traditions. In this paper we identify the features of contentless experience referred to in the expert texts and determine whether the experiences are the same or different across the practices with respect to each feature. We identify 65 features reported or implied in one or more practices, with most being reported or implied in all three. While there are broad similarities in the experiences across the traditions, we find that there are differences with respect to four features and possibly many others. The main difference identified is that Shamatha involves substantially greater attentional stability and vividness. Another key finding is that numerous forms of content are present in the experiences, including wakefulness, naturalness, calm, bliss/joy, and freedom. The findings indicate that meditation experiences described as contentless in the academic literature can in fact involve considerable variation, and that in many and perhaps most cases these experiences are not truly contentless. This challenges traditional understandings in academic research that in these so-called contentless experiences all content is absent, and that the experiences are therefore an identical state of pure consciousness or consciousness itself. Implications for neuroscientific and clinical studies and for basic understandings of the practices are discussed. [NOTE: This preprint has not undergone peer review. The peer reviewed version of this article has been published in Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences and is available at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11097-022-09811-z]
Contextualizing gender disparity in editorship in psychological science
Authors: Lin Zhicheng , Li Ningxi
Published: October 2021

Discourse on gender diversity tends to overlook differences across levels of hierarchy (e.g., students, faculty, and editors) and critical dimensions (e.g., subdisciplines and geographical locations). Further ignored is its intersection with global diversity—representation from different countries. Focusing on psychological science, here we document and contextualize gender disparity in journal editorship by analyzing 68 top psychology journals in ten subdisciplines from perspectives of equal versus expected representation. First, relative to ratios as students and faculty, women are underrepresented as editorial board members (41%) and—unlike previous results based on one subfield—as editors-in-chief (34%) as well. Second, female ratios in editorship vary substantially across subdisciplines, genres of scholarship (higher in empirical and review journals than in method journals), continents/countries/regions (e.g., higher in North America than in Europe), and journal countries of origin (e.g., higher in American journals than in European journals). Third, under female (vs. male) editors-in-chief, women are much better represented as editorial board members (47% vs. 36%), but the geographical diversity of editorial board members and authorship decreases. These results reveal new local and broad contexts of gender diversity in editorship in psychology, with policy implications. Our approach also offers a methodological guideline for similar disparity research in other fields.
Creative people use memory differently: Divergent thinking modulates how episodic memory is combined with semantic knowledge
Authors: Ramey Michelle M. , Zabelina Darya
Published: October 2021

The ability to generate novel ideas, known as divergent thinking, is dependent on both semantic knowledge and episodic memory. Semantic knowledge and episodic memory are known to interact to support memory decisions, but it is not known how they may interact to support divergent thinking. We addressed this question by examining whether divergent thinking ability moderates interactions between semantic knowledge and different episodic memory processes in a spatial memory task. Participants completed the Alternative Uses Test to assess divergent thinking ability, then completed a memory task in which they searched for target objects that were either placed in semantically expected or semantically unexpected locations within scenes. In a subsequent test, participants indicated where in each scene the target object had been located previously (i.e., spatial accuracy test), then provided confidence-based recognition memory judgments that indexed distinct episodic memory processes (i.e., recollection, familiarity strength, and unconscious memory) for the scenes. We found that higher divergent thinking ability predicted 1) an increased benefit from putatively hippocampus-based episodic memory (i.e., recollection and unconscious memory) on spatial accuracy overall, and 2) beneficial differences in how semantic knowledge was combined with recollection and unconscious memory to influence spatial accuracy. In contrast, there were no effects of divergent thinking with respect to non-hippocampal memory (i.e., familiarity). These findings indicate that semantic knowledge and episodic memory function differently in highly divergent thinkers. In particular, these results suggest that divergent thinking is supported by the ability to flexibly combine semantic knowledge with episodic memory, particularly hippocampus-based memory.
Simple assumptions to improve Markov illuminance and reflectance
Authors: Kobayashi Yuki , Kitaoka Akiyoshi
Published: November 2021

Murray (2020) recently introduced a novel computational lightness model, Markov illuminance and reflectance (MIR). MIR is a promising new approach that simulates human lightness processing using a conditional random field (CRF) where natural scene statistics of the reflectance and illumination are implemented. Although MIR can account for various lightness illusions and phenomena, it has limitations, such as the inability to predict reverse contrast phenomena. In this study, we improved MIR performance by modifying its inference process, the prior on X-junctions, and that on general illumination changes. Our modified model improved predictions for Checkerboard assimilation, the simplified Checkershadow and its control figure, the influence of luminance noise, and White’s effect and its several variants. In particular, White’s effect is a partial reverse contrast that is challenging for computational models, so this improvement is a significant advance for the MIR framework. This study showed the high extensibility and potential of MIR, which shows the promise for further sophistication.
Does your past define you? The role of previous visual experience in subjective reactions to new affective pictures and sounds.
Authors: Del Popolo Cristaldi Fiorella , Gambarota Filippo , Oosterwijk Suzanne
Published: November 2021

According to predictive models of emotion, people use their previous experience to construct new affective predictions. We do not live in a stable world, however. Some environments are uncertain, others are not. This study investigated how experiencing certain vs. uncertain probabilistic relationships shapes subjective reactions to new affective stimuli, within and across sensory modalities. Two S1-S2 paradigms were employed as learning and test phases in two experiments. S1s were colored circles, S2s negative or neutral affective pictures or sounds. Participants (N = 192, 179) were assigned to the certain (CG) or uncertain group (UG), and they were presented with 100% (CG) or 50% (UG) S1-S2 congruency between visual stimuli during the learning phase. During the test phase both groups were presented with a new S1-S2 paradigm with a 75% S1-S2 congruency, and visual (Experiment 1) or auditory (Experiment 2) S2s. Participants were asked to rate the expected valence of upcoming S2s (expectancy ratings), or their experienced valence and arousal (valence and arousal ratings). In both experiments, participants in the CG reported more negative expectancy ratings after the S1s previously paired with negative stimuli, whereas no group differences emerged on valence and arousal ratings. Furthermore, when comparing the two experiments, no significant group by experiment interaction was found. Overall, and in line with predictive models, our results suggest that relying on a certain previous experience shapes subjective expectancies toward a coherent labeling of the predicted valence of future stimuli, and that this process develops similarly across sensory modalities.
How Impoliteness Is Portrayed in a School Context: The Marva Collins as a Case Study
Authors: Kadhum Mariam Fouad , Abbas Nawal Fadhil
Published: November 2021

The present study attempts to examine verbal/nonverbal impoliteness in the classroom interaction and outside it in one of the movies, namely, The Marva Collins. Impoliteness, which is significantly studied within pragmatics, is a negative attitude towards particular behaviors. It always presumes to have emotional concerns for at least one participant who has caused it. This study is an attempt to examine verbal/nonverbal impoliteness in The Marva Collins movie. The study aims to investigate the different types of impoliteness strategies used in the four selected scenes and find out whether the speaker’s status has anything to do with the types of impoliteness. Besides, the functions performed are also examined by following a qualitative method of research. To achieve the aim of the study, the researchers adopt Culpeper’s model of impoliteness (1996, 2005). The study has concluded that positive impoliteness is the most dominant type of impoliteness, followed by withholding politeness. Moreover, the characters in The Marva Collins mostly employ affective impoliteness rather than the other functions of impoliteness. It is indicated to let the speaker imply the duty of the hearer to produce a negative emotional state. As a final point, Culpeper is the workable model used in analysing the data of this study.
The Theme of Unity in Political Discourse: The Case of President Joe Biden’s Inauguration Speech on the 20th of January 2021
Authors: Bani-Khaled Turki , Azzam Sylvia
Published: November 2021

This study explored the theme of unity in President Joe Biden’s Inauguration Speech on the 20th of January from a linguistic perspective. The main research question was: How was the theme of unity conveyed in this particular speech through linguistic choices? The significance of this work lies in the fact that this specific speech has not been subjected to academic linguistic investigation to date. In addition, this speech is unique as it came to mark the beginning of the new presidency with a direct focus on unity as a recurring theme. The methodology adopted a qualitative analytical analysis of the concept of unity as referred to in this speech. The study followed a thematic analysis in approaching the speech text. The researchers scrutinized every utterance for clues on the possible linguistic features that portrayed the theme of unity conveyed by the speaker. They also examined the lexical items concerning the concept of unity in the speech. The results showed that the speaker used appropriate language in addressing the theme of unity. The speaker used religion and history as a source of rhetorical persuasive devices. The overall tone of the speech was confident, reconciliatory, and hopeful. The study concluded with some implications for pedagogy and academic research.
Materiality and Human Cognition
Authors: Overmann Karenleigh A. , Wynn Thomas
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we examine the role of materiality in human cognition. We address issues such as the ways in which brain functions may change in response to interactions with material forms, the attributes of material forms that may cause change in brain functions, and the spans of time required for brain functions to reorganize when interacting with material forms. We then contrast thinking through materiality with thinking about it. We discuss these in terms of their evolutionary significance and history as attested by stone tools and writing, material forms whose interaction endowed our lineage with conceptual thought and meta-awareness of conceptual domains.
El-Sisi’s Speech on the 47th Anniversary of the October Victory: A Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Abdelwahab Dalia Abdelwahab Massoud
Published: November 2021

Critical discourse analysis (CDA) is a modern branch of linguistics. The current study applies CDA to a televised speech of El-Sisi, the Egyptian president, on the 47th anniversary of October Victory in its English version. The study aims to reveal ideologies behind the publishing of the speech and its role in shaping the mentality of Egyptians. The researcher applies Fairclough’s (2014a) three-dimensional model. She also uses Halliday and Matthiessen’s (2014) metafunctions of systemic functional grammar (SFG) as the tool for analysis. The analysis is mainly qualitative. The research answers some questions. The first one is: ‘How the constructive ideologies are expressed through their linguistic structures and features in the English version of El-Sisi’s speech on the 47th of October victory ceremony?’ The second is ‘what is the explanation for including such confidential ideologies in the published English version of El-Sisi’s speech?’ A significant finding is that the delivered messages of the speech reflect some ideological orientations. The ideological orientations are affected and determined by the dominant social ideologies and the general orientation of institutions in Egypt. The study aims to help readers use their skills in analyzing any discourse systematically. The study also highlights the fundamental ideologies needed to direct Egyptians for the benefit of their country. Future researches can focus on the role of words in reflecting ideologies or the role of explicitation and implicitation techniques in conveying beliefs and confidential ideologies.
Mastering Prepositions in English: Explicit versus Implicit Instruction
Authors: Zaabalawi Rafe S.
Published: November 2021

Prepositions form a hurdle for several EFL learners, Arabs in particular. One major catalyst is that the preposition systems in English and Arabic rarely correspond to one another. Most scholars who researched this area concentrated on the problem itself, rather than finding a successful remedy that can empower these students to masterfully handle such a thorny area. This study is novel inasmuch as it concerns itself with finding means of facilitating this language area for Arab learners. It reveals the effectiveness of using translation to teach English prepositions to these learners. The research question of this study is: do students who have received explicit tuition and adequate practice on the use of English prepositions in translated texts naturally perform better using such grammatical items in subsequently translated texts than those who have not been instructed on such exemplars in similar language contexts? Sixty students at the Gulf University for Science and Technology in Kuwait participated in the field experiment. The study paradigm had a pre-test/post-test protocol. While the pre-test included four fill-in-the-gap exercises, the post-test contained three Arabic passages which participants were required to translate into English. The findings showed that teaching prepositions explicitly in translated texts is a viable technique for EFL learners’ mastery of such grammatical items. This has implications for EFL specialists and syllabus designers.
Listening Skills: Important but Difficult to Learn
Authors: Alzamil Jwahir
Published: November 2021

This study of 87 Saudi female university students aimed to discover whether they experience difficulties learning to listen to spoken English. Acknowledging that listening is an important part not just of learning a new language but also of day-to-day communication, data was collected using an online questionnaire. Participants were asked to respond to a series of statements designed to test four constructs relating to their attitudes to learning English language skills in general (a); learning listening skills specifically (b); their attitudes towards listening activities (c); and (d) their attitudes towards improving their listening skills. The results showed that most of participants felt that speaking and listening were the most important skills to learn, but listening was also the most challenging. Reading was felt to be the most effortless skill to learn, as well as the most commonly used, suggesting that frequency of use contributes to students’ perceptions of the ease of learning a skill. Participants’ difficulties with learning to listen to English were associated with speech rate, pronunciation, nervousness, limited vocabulary, and lack of background information. However, students also expressed positive attitudes towards improving their listening skills. Understanding students’ attitudes to listening skills and their problems with listening may help teachers improve the way they teach these skills. This may in turn improve students’ listening comprehension not only in universities but also in schools.
Family’s Role in Achieving Language Affiliation among Children: A Comparative Study Applied to Some Families
Authors: Saud Aljohara Fahad Al
Published: November 2021

Identifying language affiliation among children for family immigrants is crucial for one’s language identity. This study aimed to determine the role played by Arab families in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Austria, and Britain to attain language affiliation among their children. It also aims to identify the challenges facing families living in these countries in achieving language affiliation among their children. The study population consisted of all the families that live in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, in addition to all the Arab families that live in Austria and Britain and the study sample included (120) parents. The researcher adopted the descriptive-analytical approach and used the questionnaire as the study tool. The study reached several results; first, the role played by families in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Austria, and United Kingdom to attain language affiliation among their children got a high degree of response. Second, the challenges facing activating the family’s role in attaining language affiliation of their children in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Austria have got a high degree of response, while in Britain, they obtained a very high degree of response. The study recommended involving all family members in accessing different and creative ways of practicing their native language and activating the role of social media in developing the language affiliation of children.
Immigration, Wages, and Employment under Informal Labor Markets
Authors: Delgado-Prieto Lukas
Published: October 2021

This paper studies the labor market impacts of Venezuelan immigrants in Colombia. Exploiting spatial variation in exposure, I find a negative effect on native wages driven by the informal sector (where immigrants are concentrated) and a reduction in native employment in the formal sector (where the minimum wage binds for many workers). To explain this asymmetry, I build a model in which firms substitute formal for informal labor in response to lower informal wages. Consistent with the model's predictions, I document that the increase in informality is driven by small firms that use both labor types.
The Impact of Collaborative Writing on EFL Learners’ Writing Development: A Longitudinal Classroom-Based Study in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aldossary Khaled Salem
Published: November 2021

No previous studies have employed sociocultural theory and the notion of collaborative dialogue to examine collaborative writing in Saudi Arabia, where students favor writing individually. Exploring this topic is significant because of the importance the Saudi education system places on learning English, especially at the university level. Therefore, this longitudinal classroom-based study tested how collaborative writing affected the development of university students learning English as a foreign language in Saudi Arabia. The 46 participants were evenly divided into a control group, who wrote essays individually, and an experimental group, who worked on essays in small groups. Both groups took a pre-test before the eight-week intervention and a post-test at the end. The experimental group also took an end-of-study questionnaire. Although both groups showed improvement, the experimental group improved significantly more on the post-test than the control group and expressed positive attitudes toward collaborative writing on the questionnaire. The study concludes with theoretical and pedagogical implications and recommendations for future research.
Evaluation of Teachers’ involvement in English curriculum design and development in the Saudi Public School
Authors: Al-kasi Ashwag A.
Published: November 2021

Involving English teachers in designing and developing curriculum leads to producing effective curriculum, therefore, efficient learning process of English. This exploratory study evaluated the English teachers’ involvement in designing curriculum in Saudi public schools. Also, it investigates how English teachers’ absence of the process of curriculum design impacts them and their learners. Then the study suggests the collaborative curriculum design method as an alternative. The sample consists of seven teachers and two supervisors. The data were collected and analyzed through qualitative research methods. The findings show that English teachers’ participation is restricted to evaluating the curriculum after implementing it. This narrow role limits the creativity and productivity of English teachers and their students.
Author’s Digression in the English Literary Text Space: Types of Cohesion
Authors: Arkhipova Iryna
Published: November 2021

One of the most critical problems of the Linguistics of text is the structure study of the literary text, principles of its organization following the rules of the compositions that suggest splitting the linguistic work into the interconnected parts. In this regard, it is necessary to research the individual compositional and significant elements of the text and their role in forming the whole work. The paper focuses on revealing structural and syntactic properties of the author’s digressions, namely, detecting such concepts as integration/non-integration of the author’s digressions in the English literary prose. Integrated and non-integrated types of author’s digressions into the academic space of the text have been distinguished based on interpretative-textual and compositional analysis. The analysis of the text-forming function of the author’s digression contributed to defining the features of the cohesion of the literary text and included in its elements. The analysis results show that the author’s digressions can be both integrated and non-integrated. Non-integration of the author’s digression lies in their composition-semantic independence, and integrated author’s digressions are the ones that the author weaves into the text with different types of cohesion. This research promotes the studies of the cognitive aspect of the author’s digression in the different genres literary texts of English and American prose.
Students’ Motivation to Learn English as a Foreign Language in the Context of Saudi Arabian Learners
Authors: Aljuaid Hind
Published: November 2021

Motivation is the major contributor to the students’ learning English as a second language. However, varying reasons have been suggested by different researchers and theorists to explain the reasons and dimensions of this motivation. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the motivation to learn English as a foreign language (EFL) among 157 Saudi Arabian university students. The instrument used for the analysis was a modified version of the motivation scale developed by Wen (1997), which measures motivation based on six subscales: integrative, instrumental, effort, valence, expectation, and ability. In addition, students’ motivation was compared among students with different English language levels using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) on six motivation subscales. The results of the MANOVA revealed that there was no significant difference among students of different levels of English knowledge when each level was compared separately. Nevertheless, when comparing a merged group of students with English level knowledge of 1st to 3rd with the group of 4th level, the motivation of the latter group was statistically significantly higher. Furthermore, the difference in mean values was significant for integrative, effort, valence, and ability subscales. Thus, the findings of this research depicted that instrumental and integrative motivations could be the main contributor to students’ motivation to learn English as a foreign language.