bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validating the Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF) for applications in northern Europe
Authors: Kwagala Norah Kaggwa , Hesse Michael , Moretto Therese , Tenfjord Paul , Norgren Cecilia , Tóth Gabor , Gombosi Tamas , Kolstø Håkon M. , Spinnangr Susanne F.
Published: June 2020

In this study we investigate the performance of the University of Michigan’s Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF) in prediction of ground magnetic perturbations (ΔB) and their rate of change with time (dB/dt), which is directly connected to geomagnetically induced currents (GICs). We use the SWMF set-up where the global magnetosphere provided by the Block Adaptive Tree Solar-wind Roe-type Upwind Scheme (BATS-R-US) MHD code, is coupled to the inner magnetosphere and the ionospheric electrodynamics. The validation is done for ΔB and dB/dt separately. The performance is evaluated via data-model comparison through a metrics-based approach. For ΔB, the normalized root mean square error (nRMS) and the correlation coefficient are used. For dB/dt, the probability of detection, the probability of false detection, the Heidke skill score, and the frequency bias are used for different dB/dt thresholds. The performance is evaluated for eleven ground magnetometer stations located between 59° and 85° magnetic latitude and spanning about five magnetic local times. Eight geomagnetic storms are studied. Our results show that the SWMF predicts the northward component of the perturbations better at lower latitudes (59°–67°) than at higher latitudes (>67°), whereas for the eastward component, the model performs better at high latitudes. Generally, the SWMF performs well in the prediction of dB/dt for a 0.3 nT/s threshold, with a high probability of detection ≈0.8, low probability of false detection (<0.4), and Heidke skill score above zero. To a large extent the model tends to predict events as often as they are actually occurring in nature (frequency bias 1). With respect to the metrics measures, the dB/dt prediction performance generally decreases as the threshold is raised, except for the probability of false detection, which improves.
NSCLC-Therapie mit Immuncheckpoint-Inhibitoren
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: June 2020

Nach einer platinbasierten Chemotherapie profitieren Patienten mit einem fortschreitenden, nicht kleinzelligen Bronchialkarzinom (NSCLC) von Immuncheckpoint-Inhibitoren (ICI). Teilweise tritt aber innerhalb weniger Wochen eine rapide Progression auf (RP). Die Autoren der prospektiven Beobachtungsstudie ERORECI verglichen die Charakteristika, das Therapiemanagement und die Verläufe von Patienten mit einem Progress unter ICI in 2 und nach 2–4 Monaten.
Stabile koronare Herzkrankheit – die Attraktivität der Bypassoperation
Authors: Cremer Jochen , Ernst Markus
Published: June 2020

Patienten mit stabiler koronarer Herzkrankheit können bei Indikation für revaskularisierende Maßnahmen sehr erfolgreich mit einer koronaren Bypassoperation (CABG) behandelt werden. Trotz der deutlich ausgeprägteren Invasivität des chirurgischen Eingriffs sind die Frühergebnisse sehr respektabel und keineswegs automatisch schlechter als nach perkutaner koronarer Intervention (PCI) in den typischen Dimensionen 30-Tage-Letalität, Myokardinfarkt, Schlaganfall und Revaskularisation. Ein ganzes Spektrum operationstechnischer Konzepte erlaubt eine hohe Individualisierung der Prozeduren auf die spezielle Situation des Patienten unter Einbeziehung persönlicher Prioritäten. Trotz einer scheinbar progressiveren Entwicklung von PCI-Techniken zeigen auch neuere Koronarstudien für Dreigefäßerkrankungen und Hauptstammstenosen signifikant bessere Langzeitergebnisse für die Bypassoperation. Auch für ältere Patienten und speziell auch für Diabetiker erlaubt die Bypassoperation exzellente Langzeitergebnisse und hohe Lebensqualität. In aktuellen interdisziplinären Leitlinien werden differenzierte Empfehlungen gegeben, wann eine Bypassoperation anderen Behandlungsoptionen vorgezogen werden soll.
Development and Evaluation of Portal do Zumbido: A Novel Telehealth Approach to Tinnitus
Authors: de Matos Izabella Lima , Ferreira Maria Carolina , Mondelli Maria Fernanda Capoani Garcia
Published: June 2020

Introduction Tinnitus is a prevalent symptom in audiological clinics, and the speech therapist participates in the assessment, diagnosis, and intervention of tinnitus. A range of studies have been developed with the aim to promote auditory health, and telehealth is an option for this purpose.

Objective The aim of the present study was to develop and assess a virtual platform for tinnitus management for speech therapists.

Methods The present study provided a distance-learning-course, with the aid of Portal do Zumbido, available in the following electronic address: zumbido.fob.usp.br. Infographics were available for download, and modules were made to comprise the introduction to the symptoms, assessment, and intervention for tinnitus.

Results Speech therapists of different regions of Brazil received an e-mail invitation to participate and to assess the platform, 46 of whom registered. From the 46 speech therapists registered, 38 assessed the virtual platform with the aid of a questionnaire about the theoretical content and then answered a motivational research sheet (MRS). The speech therapists correctly answered 90% and 100% of the questions in the questionnaire and in the MRS, respectively, which may indicate that the professionals positively absorbed the content; thus, the content was considered to be impressive when the MRS was analyzed.

Conclusion Portal do Zumbido was developed and is available for access in the following electronic address: zumbido.fob.usp.br. Furthermore, the platform received a positive assessment by the speech therapists who participated in the present study.
Coronary Angiography Characteristics as Predictor of Successful Chronic Total Occlusion Recanalization
Authors: Oktaviono Yudi Her , Rizal Ardian , Al-Farabi Makhyan Jibril , Maghfirah Irma , Rachmi Dita Aulia
Published: June 2020

Although remarkable progress in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been achieved over the last decade, the success rate of chronic total occlusion (CTO) recanalization varies greatly. Coronary angiography characteristics may affect the success rate of CTO recanalization. This study sought to establish a scoring model to predict successful CTO recanalization based on coronary angiography characteristics. We analyze 287 angiography data from patients who underwent elective PCI. Angiography characteristics being measured were lesion location, blunt stump, calcification, ostial lesion, bridging collateral, bending, side branch, tortuosity, previous stent attempt, and lesion length of >20 mm. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0. Multivariate analysis shows that side branch lesion (p = 0.000), proximal vessels tortuosity (p = 0.015), calcified lesion (p = 0.000), lesion length of >20 mm (p = 0.000), and blunt stump (p = 0.000) can predict the successful PCI in the CTO. ROC curve analysis of the score ability to predict successful PCI in the CTO showed area under curve of 0.89 (confidence interval 95%), the cutoff point of ≤2 with a sensitivity of 93.33%, and specificity of 88.23%. We concluded that the five angiography characteristics that strongly associate with successful PCI in the CTO are calcified lesion, blunt stump, lesion length >20 mm, proximal vessel tortuosity, and side branch lesion. This score may help cardiologists to predict the success probability of PCI in the CTO.
Results of the Insertion of Hysteroscopic Sterilization Devices in a Brazilian Public Hospital
Authors: Pastore Daniele Lauriano , Silva Luiz Guilherme Pessoa da , Lasmar Ricardo Bassil
Published: June 2020

Objective To evaluate the insertion of the hysteroscopic intratubal sterilization device for female sterilization concerning the technique and the feasibility.

Methods Retrospective study with data collection of medical records of 904 patients who underwent device insertion between January and September 2016 in a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) with data analysis and descriptive statistics.

Results In 85.8% of the cases, the uterine cavity was normal, and the most commonly-described findings upon hysteroscopy were synechiae (9.5%). The procedure lasted an average of 3.56 minutes (range: 1 to 10 minutes), and the pain was considered inexistent or mild in 58,6% of the cases, mild or moderate in 32,8%, and severe or agonizing in less than 1% (0.8%) of the cases, based on a verbal scale ranging from 0 to 10. The rate of successful insertions was of 85.0%, and successful tubal placement was achieved in 99.5% of the cases. There were no severe complications related to the procedure, but transient vasovagal reactions occurred in 5 women (0.6%).

Conclusion Female sterilization performed by hysteroscopy is a safe, feasible, fast, and well-tolerated procedure. The rates of successful insertions and tubal placements were high. There were few and mild adverse effects during the procedure, and there were no severe complications on the short term.
Childbirth, Puerperium and Abortion Care Protocol during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Trapani Júnior Alberto , Vanhoni Laura Rassi , Silveira Sheila Koettker , Marcolin Alessandra Cristina
Published: June 2020

The new coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2) is a virus that causes a potentially serious respiratory disease that has spread in several countries, reaching humans in all age groups, including pregnant women. The purpose of this protocol is to provide technical and scientific support to Brazilian obstetricians regarding childbirth, postpartum and abortion care during the pandemic.
Breastfeeding and Formula Selection in Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Authors: Lembeck Amy L. , Tuttle Deborah , Locke Robert , Lawler Laura , Jimenez Pamela , Mackley Amy , Paul David A.
Published: June 2020

Objective This study aimed to determine if formula selection, low lactose versus standard term formula, has an effect on outcomes with a comparison to breastfed infants.

Study Design Retrospective cohort study of neonates ≥35 weeks gestation born with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) was conducted from July 2014 to November 2016. Primary outcomes included length of pharmacologic treatment (LOT), and length of stay (LOS), and weight change per day comparing term standard and low lactose formula majority feeding infants with secondary outcomes comparing breast fed majority feeding infants.

Results After investigating feeding methods for 249 NAS infants, a direct comparison of formula groups showed no differences in LOS (3, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.1 to 7 days), LOT (3.9, 95% CI: −0.4 to 8.1 days), or weight change per day (−2.4, 95% CI: −11.7 to 6.9 g/day). Breastfeeding improved LOT by 6.9 (95% CI: 3.4–10.5) and 10.8 days (95% CI: 5.9–15.6) and LOS by 7.4 (95% CI: 4.1–10.7) and 10.3 (95% CI: 5.8–14.9) days all reaching significance, in comparison to term and low lactose formula groups, respectively. Weight change per day was greater in the breast versus formula feeding groups when compared individually.

Conclusion We detected no benefit to low lactose formula in NAS infants. Breastfeeding is associated with clinical reduction in LOS and LOT but is associated with increased weight loss.

Key Points
The effect of film thickness on the modulated spin structure of terbium manganite
Authors: I. E. Chupis
Published: June 2020

The Ginzburg–Landau method is used to conduct a phenomenological analysis of how the sample thickness impacts the incommensurate spin states in the TbMnO3 centrosymmetric ferroelectromagnet. The analysis is performed using the first-harmonic approximation, and provides a qualitative confirmation of the experimentally observed decrease in the film modulation vector at a decreasing temperature, as well as an increase in the vector as the film thickness decreases at a constant temperature. The effect that the film thickness has on the first- and second-order phase transition lines is analyzed, and the tendency of the incommensurate spin phase volume to decrease with a decrease in the film thickness is demonstrated.
It’s time for the mandatory use of simulation and human factors in hospital design
Authors: Dench Brooke , Barwick Stephanie , Barlow Melanie
Published: June 2020

Building a new healthcare facility is complex and poses challenges in delivering a facility that is fit for purpose and designed to minimise latent environmental and process errors. This article summarises what the disciplines of Human Factors/Ergonomics and Simulation can offer to the design and testing of new hospital builds. It argues the incorporation of both disciplines throughout the planning, design, commissioning and operations phases of the building project can minimise latent safety risks to promote patient safety and staff well-being across the building lifecycle. Future directions and policies should include incorporation of human factors design and mandatory process testing before opening.
STIM2 targets Orai1/STIM1 to the AKAP79 signaling complex and confers coupling of Ca
2+
entry with NFAT1 activation
Authors: Son Ga-Yeon , Subedi Krishna Prasad , Ong Hwei Ling , Noyer Lucile , Saadi Hassan , Zheng Changyu , Bhardwaj Rajesh , Feske Stefan , Ambudkar Indu Suresh
Published: June 2020

Significance

Ca
2+
entry mediated by the plasma membrane (PM) channel Orai1 controls nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFAT1)-dependent gene expression that regulates critical cellular functions. Ca
2+
-sensing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins, STIM1 and STIM2, regulate Orai1 function in response to decreases in [Ca
2+
]
ER
. While STIM1 is the primary regulator of Orai1 activity, STIM2 has a minor contribution to Ca
2+
entry but is relevant for Ca
2+
-dependent NFAT1 activation. Here we report that STIM2 recruits Orai1/STIM1 to ER-PM junctions and promotes channel assembly with the AKAP79 signaling complex. The latter is an important step that allows Ca
2+
entry mediated by Orai1 to be specifically used for NFAT1 activation. Our findings reveal that STIM2 enhances the coupling of Orai1 function with NFAT1 activation.
Pharmacological disruption of the Notch transcription factor complex
Authors: Lehal Rajwinder , Zaric Jelena , Vigolo Michele , Urech Charlotte , Frismantas Viktoras , Zangger Nadine , Cao Linlin , Berger Adeline , Chicote Irene , Loubéry Sylvain , Choi Sung Hee , Koch Ute , Blacklow Stephen C. , Palmer Hector G. , Bornhauser Beat , González-Gaitán Marcos , Arsenijevic Yvan , Zoete Vincent , Aster Jon C. , Bourquin Jean-Pierre , Radtke Freddy
Published: June 2020

Significance

The Notch signaling cascade is deregulated by oncogenic lesions in human cancers and has therefore become an attractive therapeutic target. Inhibitory monoclonal antibodies and small-molecule γ-secretase inhibitors have been developed to target the pathway at the most proximal point of the cascade. Major hurdles to the therapeutic application of these Notch inhibitors have been prevalent dose-limiting toxicities in the intestine. Here we report identification and preclinical validation of a small molecule (CB-103) that inhibits the pathway at the level of the Notch transcription complex without causing intestinal toxicity. Its properties and mechanism of action provide CB-103 with a more favorable therapeutic index than other types of Notch targeting agents, a feature that is currently being tested in cancer patients.
Asteroid impact, not volcanism, caused the end-Cretaceous dinosaur extinction
Authors: Chiarenza Alfio Alessandro , Farnsworth Alexander , Mannion Philip D. , Lunt Daniel J. , Valdes Paul J. , Morgan Joanna V. , Allison Peter A.
Published: June 2020

Significance

We present a quantitative test of end-Cretaceous extinction scenarios and how these would have affected dinosaur habitats. Combining climate and ecological modeling tools, we demonstrate a substantial detrimental effect on dinosaur habitats caused by an impact winter scenario triggered by the Chicxulub asteroid. We were not able to obtain such an extinction state with several modeling scenarios of Deccan volcanism. We further show that the concomitant prolonged eruption of the Deccan traps might have acted as an ameliorating agent, buffering the negative effects on climate and global ecosystems that the asteroid impact produced at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary.
Lower bounds to eigenvalues of the Schrödinger equation by solution of a 90-y challenge
Authors: Martinazzo Rocco , Pollak Eli
Published: June 2020

Significance

In quantum theory a celebrated theorem due to Ritz provides upper bounds to eigenvalues of Hermitian operators. An upper bound alone, though, is not sufficient for determining the error of the computed eigenvalues, and cannot be used to assess the quality of energy differences, such as those needed for predicting the position of spectral lines or the energetics of a chemical reaction. The search for a complementary “lower-bound theorem” started in the early days of quantum mechanics but little progress has been reported since a seminal 1928 result of Temple whose accuracy was far less than that of the upper bound. Here, we settle this issue by devising rigorous lower bounds whose accuracy is similar to that of the upper bounds.
Sources of variation in attitudes toward minority, majority and foreign language
Authors: Halupka-Rešetar Sabina , Kovács Rácz Eleonóra
Published: June 2020

Vojvodina, an autonomous province in northern Serbia, is a historically multilingual and multicultural area where multilingual education forms a cornerstone of linguistic, educational and social policy and practice: in addition to the majority language, five minority languages are also in official use and speakers of these languages may receive education in their L1. However, such a situation does not warrant positive attitudes toward the majority language. In fact, attitudes toward the majority population have been shown to be less positive among minority group members who receive their education in their L1 (Veres 2013). In addition to this, the effect of environment (compact vs. diffuse) has been shown to interact with attitudes. The paper examines the language attitudes of 423 Hungarian L1 grammar school pupils towards (1) their (minority) mother tongue (Hungarian), (2) Serbian as the majority language and (3) English as a foreign language, based on their value judgements and taking into account numerous variables which might prove to interact with their attitudes. The results of the research are expected to add to the study of language attitudes in a multilingual context, to help us understand better language situations in areas where bilingualism is promoted and to aid the implementation of coherent language policies.
Correlates of Turkish vocabulary in
adolescent Turkish heritage language learners in
Germany
Authors: Willard Jessica A. , Çiğtay-Akar Yasemin , Kohl Katharina , Leyendecker Birgit
Published: June 2020

Little is known about
resources for adolescent heritage language
learners’ vocabulary. In a sample of adolescents
(n = 78), we exploratively
examined correlates of seventh-graders’ Turkish
vocabulary as potential resources. Drawing on what
is known about young heritage language learners
and monolingual adolescent vocabulary learners, we
considered a number of adolescent characteristics
such as nonverbal reasoning (analogies subtest of
the SON-R, Snijders, Tellegen, & Laros, 2005) and
their self-reported identification with Turkish
culture (Berry
et al., 1993; Phinney & Ong, 2007). We
also considered adolescents’ self-reports on
reading activities, language use in the family and
among friends, the percentage of Turkish speakers
among their friends, as well as whether they
attended Turkish classes. Turkish receptive
vocabulary was assessed with an adapted research
version modelled on the PPVT-4 (Dunn & Dunn,
2007; Glück, 2009). A set of regression analyses
indicated that adolescent characteristics such as
nonverbal reasoning skills and identification with
the Turkish culture explained the most variance in
Turkish vocabulary. This suggests that being motivated
to maintain the heritage language may be major
resources for adolescents’ vocabulary. However, it
raises the question from what sources adolescents
are receiving input in their heritage language. We
discuss various reasons for why the other factors
such as language use in the family and reading
activities may not have shown significant
connections to Turkish vocabulary and provide
impulses for further research.
Subordination in children acquiring Turkish
as a heritage language in Sweden
Authors: Bohnacker Ute , Karakoç Birsel
Published: June 2020

This paper investigates
Turkish subordinate constructions in 201 fictional
narratives told by 102 bilingual Turkish-Swedish
children (age 4 to 7), growing up in Sweden with
Turkish as a heritage language. All narratives
were elicited with the picture sequences of the
Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives
(MAIN, Gagarina et al., 2012). We analyze the
characteristics of the Turkish relative,
complement and adverbial clauses in the children’s
narratives and in their responses to story
comprehension questions from quantitative and
qualitative points of view. The children produce a
wide variety of subordinate constructions, going
beyond what is typically reported for Turkish
heritage language acquisition elsewhere. In the
cross-sectional data sampled, there is
considerable individual variation concerning
subordination, but relatively little development
from age 4 to 7, as some of the youngest children
already master Turkish nonfinite subordination,
and older children do not necessarily use
subordination more frequently or in more adultlike
ways than younger ones. Certain types of
subordination are rare (e.g. relativization) or
even absent in the data (complementation with
object control). Other types of subordinate
constructions are very frequent and nearly always
conform to standard adult Turkish (e.g.
complementation with subject control;
adverbialization with simple converbs). However,
the precise morphological form and function of
subjunctors in causal and purposive adverbial
clauses (an aspect rarely discussed in the Turkish
acquisition literature) is not yet mastered by the
oldest children in the sample (age 7). In general,
the Turkish-Swedish data point to relatively
successful and early acquisition of nonfinite
subordination morphology, unlike what has been
reported by a number of earlier studies of
children acquiring Turkish in a bilingual and/or
heritage language context in other countries (e.g.
Boeschoten,
1990; Pfaff, 1991, 1993; Aarssen 2001; Herkenrath &
Karakoç, 2002; Rehbein & Herkenrath,
2015). Our finding that bilingual children
acquiring Turkish are able to produce much more
complex sentences than originally claimed in the
literature is suggested to be due to differences
in setting, sampling and data elicitation.
Perceived global accent in Turkish heritage
speakers in Germany
Authors: Kupisch Tanja , Lloyd-Smith Anika , Stangen Ilse
Published: June 2020

This chapter is concerned
with Turkish heritage speakers (HSs) in Germany,
here exemplified by 21 early bilinguals during
adulthood who live in Hamburg, North Germany. We
introduce the population, report their
self-perceived proficiency and propose the Turkish
Use Score (TUS) that is based on quantitative
aspects of language use (e.g., the number of
people Turkish is spoken with) and qualitative
ones (e.g., schooling in Turkish). In the
remainder of the paper, we focus on the perceived
accent of these speakers in German and Turkish,
discussing the role of Age of Onset (AoO) in
German vs. amount of Turkish use. The results show
a strong correlation between Turkish use and
perceived nativeness in Turkish, while no role of
AoO is evident for accent in either language. Our
data further suggested a weak (but
non-significant) relation between high Turkish use
and sounding more foreign in German.
Turkish in Germany
Authors: Herkenrath Annette
Published: June 2020

This is a qualitative case
study of Turkish as a heritage language in
Germany, viewed in the context of one adult
speaker’s bilingualism: Sadık, a young worker and
Turkish-German bilingual born and raised in a
western German industrial town. The study is
empirically based on a language-biographical
reminiscence, which surfaces in both languages:
first in German, then in Turkish, in a more or
less informally elicited narrative. The
language-biographical perspective is taken as a
starting point for explorations into structural
comparison at the discourse and sentence level.
The aim is to identify phenomena that have a
function in verbalising language-biographical
memory and that can at the same time be
cross-linguistically compared.
Changes of volatile flavor compounds of watermelon juice by heat treatment
Authors: Aboshi Takako , Musya Saiki , Sato Hiroto , Ohta Tomoya , Murayama Tetsuya
Published: June 2020

Changes of volatile flavor compounds of watermelon juice by heat treatment were investigated by gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry. Although the major volatile compounds in watermelon juice, three aldehydes, three alcohols, and one ketone, did not increase significantly by heat treatment, dimethylsulfide and methional increased in heated juice. These two sulfides were suggested to contribute to the off-flavors in heated watermelon juice.
Passive wireless sensors fabricated by spark plasma sintering for ultra-high temperature measurements
Authors: Yang Lei , Wang Fei , Adamson Josiah , Liu Kehai , Wu Zhanjun , Tan Li , Zhou Qin
Published: June 2020

A passive and wireless sensor based on LC resonator for ultra-high temperature measurement was designed and fabricated. The sensor consisted of a molybdenum split-ring resonator (SRR) encapsulated by an alumina ceramic matrix. The alumina ceramic matrix served as not only a dielectric material for sensing the temperature variation, but also a protective material for the SRR. The SRR was made of molybdenum by chemical etching, while the alumina ceramic shield was fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Small amount of MgO was doped into alumina powder to assist the sintering of a fully dense ceramic, preventing the molybdenum ring from high-temperature oxidation. A high temperature measurement system was built to investigate the performance of the fabricated sensor. The temperature measurement ability of the sensor was verified up to 1200 °C, with high sensitivity and good temperature resolution.
Activating Lipase Enzyme in the Candlenut Seed to Produce Fatty Acid Directly from Candlenut Seed
Authors: Tambun R , Tambun J O A , Tarigan I A A , Sidabutar D H
Published: June 2020

Candlenut seed contains a minimum of 60% of oil. Candlenut oil in the seeds can be used to turn it into oleochemicals such as paint, varnish, soap, medicines, cosmetics, and fuel. This study aims to produce fatty acids directly from the Candlenut by activating the lipase enzyme found in Candlenut. This study is done by varying the immersion time, the addition of water and stirring. The method of this research is by manually breaking the Candlenut, then blended with water and soaked with a certain time variation at temperatures of 30 °C and 35 °C. During the immersion, a pH test is carried out to determine the reaction pH. The Candlenut oil produced is tested for free fatty acid content according to AOCS Official Method Ca 5a-40, and then the composition of fatty acid is determined by using gas chromatography. From this study, it can be concluded that the lipase enzyme in candlenut can be activated directly to produce fatty acids. The highest fatty acid content in this study is 9.5%, achieved at a reaction time of 24 hours by stirring and adding 40% of water.
Design and analysis of heat exchanger (evaporator) type of staggered tube cross-flow as modified evaporator AC-Split
Authors: Napitupulu F H , Fellix  , Sihombing H V
Published: June 2020

This study aims to make and analysis a tube group type evaporator design alternately with crossing flow as a result of modification of split PK 1 evaporator AC and to evaporate the working fluid, namely R-22, to environmental so that it also simultaneously cools the room. The evaporator designed has a length of 26 cm, a width of 16 cm and a height of 84.2 cm, with a tube diameter of 6.35 mm, a tube length of 58 cm and as many as 25 passes, consisting of 5 rows and 5 columns with alternating positions, distance between tubes 15 mm vertically and horizontally. With this design, the evaporator reduce the temperature air inlet of 0.08.
Profile of fluid balance in the first 48 hours and duration of mechanical ventilation in pediatric intensive care unit
Authors: andriamuri P L , aridamurian D L
Published: June 2020

Mechanical ventilation is the highest respiratory support in critical condition. The study showed that 64% children need mechanical ventilation at least 24 hours. Prolonged mechanical ventilation can increase mortality and morbidity rate. The most common complication that happened from prolonged mechanical ventilation is ventilator-associated lung injury and ventilator-associated pneumonia. To lessened the risk of complications, one of the solutions was decreased the duration of mechanical ventilation. Factors that have been proposed to correlate with the duration of mechanical ventilation was a fluid balance. Study shows that positive fluid balance correlates with decreased oxygenation, prolonged mechanical ventilation, longer hospital length of stay and mortality of children. This is a prospective observational study in children 1 month to 18 years old who admitted to PICU Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. We conducted this study to show the profile of fluid balance and duration of mechanical ventilation in the pediatric intensive care unit. Fluid balance is a routine procedure in PICU, so it is expected that information on fluid balance and duration of mechanical ventilation can be used for further adjustment to improve the outcome in the intensive care unit.
Spatial distribution of landslide vulnerability level in Dairi District, North Sumatera Province, Indonesia
Authors: Thoha A S , Sundari D , Patana P , Sulistiyono N
Published: June 2020

Forest damage has had a real impact in increasing the level of disaster risk, especially landslides. The real impact of landslides, especially in the Dairi District, North Sumatera Province, is physical, social, economic, and environmental losses that are felt directly by the community near the disaster location. This study was conducted to determine the spatial distribution of landslide-prone areas in the Dairi District. The determination of the distribution of landslide-vulnerability level areas used spatial modeling with the Storie Index method with several variables, which were rainfall, slope, soil type, and land cover type. The distribution of landslide-prone areas was mostly at very low - low levels with the percentage of the area reaching almost 60% of the area of the Dairi District. The areas that occupy high - very high landslide-vulnerable levels with the largest area were in three sub-districts, which were Tanah Pinem, Sumbul, and Parbuluan. The landslide areas were generally located on shrubs and grassland and on steep slopes. Various parties need to improve unmanaged land to productive land by land rehabilitation and agroforestry system.
The Synthesis of Superabsorbent Polymer from Carboxymethyl Selulose, Aluminum Sulfate and Oxidized Bread Fruit Starch
Authors: Nasution D Y , Marpongahtun  , Muthawali D I
Published: June 2020

Superabsorbent polymers (CMC-Al-BSM) were synthesized from aqueous solutions of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), aluminum sulfateoctadecahydrate (Al) and oxidized bread fruit starch (BSM). BSM is obtained by oxidizing the starch (BS) with2% hydrogen peroxide solution. CMC-Al-BSM was preparedby mixing 100 mL of 2% Na-CMC solution and 50 mL of 2% BSM solution, stirring with a magnetic stirrer for 60 minutes at 800C and then adding 0.01 g of aluminum sulphate and stirring for 30 minutes. The mixture formed is poured onto Teflon and dried at 70 ° C until the film is formed and then the film formed is made as a powder. The same experiment was carried out with variations in the weight of aluminum sulfate 0.03 and 0.06 g. BS and BSM are characterized by measuring the carboxyl group content, recording the FTIR spectrum and morphological analysis with SEM. CMC-Al-BSM is characterized by measuring WAC by tea bag method, surface morphology with SEM and Tg with DSC. Based on the calculation, the carboxyl group content of BSM that obtained is 0,09 % and SEM Photograph shows that the BSM particle size is smaller than the BS particle size. The optimum water absorption capacity of SAP is obtained at CMC-Al3-BSM which reaches 8330% (in 1.0 g dry weight of CMC-Al3-BSM can absorb 83.3 g of water). SEM photograph also shows that the surface morphology of CMC-Al3-BSM is more homogeneous and smooth than other SAP compositions and from DSC analysis it can be concluded that CMC-Al3-BSM is a miscible mixture
Synthesis of Dual Modification Breadfruit Starch (Artocarpuscommunis) with Hydroxypropylation and Cross-Link
Authors: Zuhra CF , Ginting M , Az-zahra WF
Published: June 2020

The use of starch is currently very widespread in the food and non-food industries, but this is not supported by the natural starches which have weaknesses in their application so that modification of natural starch is needed. Dual modification of starch by hydroxypropylation and crosslingking is expected to be a solution to overcome the weaknesses of the nature starches, especially in foof sectore. Dual modification starch is synthesized by reacting breadfruit stach with the addition of 12% propylene oxide and STMP : STPP (1:4; 2:5; and 3:6). From the results of tests that have been carried out on IR spectroscopy testing are marked POC vibrations appear in the region of the wave number 1050-995 cm−1and vibration P=O or P-O bonding in the area of 1149-1157 cm−1. The degree of substitutions obtained ranged 0.18 – 0.30. Dual modification starch has a gelatinization temperature (81.16 – 82.32°C), peak viscosity (4750 – 8000cP), setback viscosity (1090 – 2583cP), and breakdown viscosity (620 – 1090cP). The result dual modification of breadfruit starch has stable properties when heating and stirring.
Probably occurrence of epoxy polyprenol and epoxy dolichol in Sonneratiaalbaand S. caseolarisold leaves of mangrove plants
Authors: Basyuni M , Siregar A M , Ritonga K A , Sagami H , Ohya N
Published: June 2020

Mangrove plants are known to produce secondary metabolites including isoprenoid and long chain polyisoprenoid. SonneratiaalbaandS. caseolaris, are true mangroves that contain alkane (C25-C33), triterpenoid, phytosterol, dolichol, polyprenol, and polyprenyl acetone. Here we reported new compounds of probably epoxy polyprenol and epoxy dolichol from S. albaandS. caseolarisold leaves using two-dimensional thin layer chromatography (2D-TLC). In the S. albaold leaves, having the occurrence of polyprenol, dolichol, epoxy polyprenol, and epoxy dolichol with a dominating pattern of polyprenol. A similar result obtained in the S. caseolarisold leaves, displaying the presence of polyprenol, dolichol, epoxy polyprenol, and epoxy dolichol with a dominating carbon chain length of dolichol. By contrast, no epoxy polyprenol or epoxy dolichol were detected in S. alba, and S. caseolarisleaves. The present study indicated a new type of polyisoprenoid distribution and further investigation is needed to clarify the chemical structure of this newcompound.
Leaf Morphology and Ontogeny Kembang Semangkok (Scaphium Macropodum) From Gunung Leuser National Park (TNGL)-North Sumatra
Authors: Susilowati A , Elfiati D , Batu S A L , Rachmat H H , Ginting I M
Published: June 2020

Scaphium macropodum or malvanut or locally known as Kembang semangkok was member of Sterculiacease those well adapted under closed canopy stratum. The species was targeted for illegal logger due to its valuable seed that has many benefits for medicinal purposes and the wood for building and construction. This extraction causing Kembang semangkok classified at least concern according to IUCN redlist. Lack information on the existence and morphology on Kembang semangkok in North Sumatra, causing confusing identification in the field. Therefore, our research was conducted to identify leaf morphology and assumed ontogeny of Kembang semangkok originated from Gunung Leuser National Park. The research was conducted through survey method on 9 (nine) plot of Kembang semangkok. Observation and measurement for morphology were carry out on leaf organ those were leaf shape, leaf arrangement, leaf composition, leaf margin, leaf base, leaf blade and leaf apex. Our research showed that ontogenic change was found in Kembang semangkok due to their respond to survival and plant growth. The changes can be identified by leaf shape from entire (under 50 cm height) into palmed-parted leaf (taller than 50 cm) and returned onto entire after 12 m height.
Studies on decreasing Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Phosphate on laundry wastewater using anaerobic and phytoremediation with algae plants (Hydrillaverticillata)
Authors: Herlina N , Sani D A , Pane F A
Published: June 2020

In reducing the pollutant load contained in laundry wastewater such as COD and phosphate levels can be processed through anaerobic process and will be followed by phytoremediation methods. The purpose of this study is to reduce levels of COD and phosphate in laundry wastewater. This research was conducted in a laboratory scale with variations in plant mass. One type of aquatic plants that has the potential in phytoremediation waste management is algae (Hydrillaverticillata). The initial step in this research was carried out the seeding stage in anaerobic reactors with the aim of breeding bacteria with a suspended culture method which was marked by a decrease in COD with +10% fluctuations. Followed by the running stage in the anaerobic reactor until the reduction in COD ≥60% then, the stage of neutralization and acclimatization of plants with the aim of removing impurities in plants and adaptation of plants with microorganisms in wastewater. The last stage is the running stage of the phytoremediation process which is carried out by observing the value of COD and Phosphate in wastewater with variations in plant mass of 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 grams in each reactor with contact time treatment for 7 days. Based on the analysis of COD parameters for each plant after anaerobic and phytoremediation processes on the last day the average efficiency of COD removal at 50 grams of plant mass is 86.34%, 100 gram plant mass of 81.81%, plant mass of 150 grams of 85.21%, 200 gram plant mass of 90.87% and 250 gram plant mass of 87.47% while the results of the analysis of Phosphate COD parameters for each plant the average removal efficiency of Phosphate in 50 gram plant mass is -25 %, 100 gram plant mass of -298.81%, 150 gram plant mass of -417.86%, 200 gram plant mass of -501.19% and 250 gram plant mass of -462.5%.
Effect of Kepayang (Pangium edule) Seed Extract on Meat Moisture Content, Drip Loss and Decay Test of Lamb Meat at Different Shelf Life
Authors: Patriani P , Mirwandhono E , Wahyuni T H , Siregar G A W , Hasanah U , Hasnudi  , Ginting N , Yunilas
Published: June 2020

Kepayang also called Picung or Pangium Edule is a spice used to make dishes in Indonesia. Kapayang fruit seeds have a variety of benefits including being used as a natural preservative to replace the use of formaldehyde in fish preservation. Kapayang fruit seeds are also inhibitors of microbial growth and activity so that food stays for have a long shelf life The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the addition level of kepayang fruit extract on organoleptic characteristics, drip loss and meat rot at different shelf life. This research uses a completely randomized factorial design method with 3 replications. The material used was male lamb meat, kapayang fruit seeds extracted. Lamb meat was marinated in kapayang seed extraction with P0 as a control, P1 (3%), P2 (6%) and P3 (9%) were drained and the meat was stored for T1 (12 hours), T2 (24 hours) and T3 (36 hour) at room temperature. The results showed that kepayang fruit extract did not significantly affect water content and meat rot and drip loss. It was concluded that the use of Kepayang seed extract 3% to 9% is recommended because it can inhibit spoilage for 36 hours and reduce the characteristic odor of lamb meat.
The effects of fermentation time and em4 dose on nutrient content of kepok’s peel as animal feed
Authors: Rahmatullah R , Hasnudi  , Mirwandhono E , Patriani P , Ginting N , Siregar G A W
Published: June 2020

Kepok banana peel is a waste product from the processing of kepok banana which can be used as an alternative in animal feed. Low crude protein and high crude fiber become the main problems in the utilization of kepok’s peels. One way to improve its quality is by fermentation. The starter of fermentation used is EM4. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of dose and length of fermentation against nutritional content of kepok’s peels. This research was designed using completely randomized design factorial with 3 replications and continued using the duncan test. The kepok’s peel were given EM4 at doses of 1, 3, and 5% and then fermented for 3, 5, and 7 days. The results of this research showed that the dose of 5% and 5 day fermentation time were optimal and efficient to increase water and crude protein content and reduce levels of dry matter and crude fiber of banana peel. There was no interaction between dosage and fermentation time for each research parameter.
A Socio-Technical Approach to Assess Readiness of Organizations for Industry 4.0
Authors: Sitepu M H , Matondang A R , Sembiring M T
Published: June 2020

Industry 4.0 is marked with technological advancements that change the way of interactions between human and machines, suppliers and producers, as well as customers and distributors. Digitalization, internet of things, big data and cloud computing are example of technologies used in Industry 4.0. Readiness assessment is needed to evaluate the existing condition of organizations. The information from this assessment is used to design strategy in adopting industry 4.0. This adoption requires modifications in all aspects of organizations including vision, culture, people (social aspects) as well as technology, process and infrastructure (technical aspects). Modifications in selected aspects only, for example, modification in technology and infrastructure aspects only, might lead to failure in adopting industry 4.0. To overcome this, systemic approach is needed to assess the readiness of organizations to adopt industry 4.0. This paper uses socio-technical framework and composite indicators to assess the readiness of organizations to adopt industry 4.0.
The assessment of Sei Petani Sub Watershed health based on hydrolgy indicator
Authors: Nasution D L S , Susanto E , Ichwan N
Published: June 2020

Deli watershed is one of three most critical watershed in North Sumatera. Sei Petani Sub Watershed is upstream area of Deli Watershed which must be paid attention in Deli watershed management. There are some indicators in watershed management that have given attention such as hydrology, erosion, and sedimentation. This study aims to assess Sei Petani Sub watershed health on hydrology indicators (spesific maximum discharge, spesific minimum discharge, river regime coefficient, runoof coefficient and water yield). The result of this study shown that spesific maximum discharge value is 0.234 m3/s/km2, spesific minimum discharge value is 0.095 m3/s/km2, river regim coefficient is 2.34, and coefficient runoff is 0.142 whereas discharge value and water yield is shown by the time series data. The result shown that Sei Petani Sub Watershed categorized in a good condition.
Determination of Sediment Rating Curve In Dry Season In Bedagai Watersheds
Authors: Susanto E , Dawolo S A , Rizaldi T
Published: June 2020

This research was conducted to overcome the problem of lack of sediment data in a watershed in North Sumatra due to the lack of sediment measurements recording which is caused by the amount of cost required, relatively long time, and the risk of obtaining such data. The purpose of this study was to obtain the equation of sediment curved line. Sediment curved line is an equation that connects the river discharge with the sediment discharge. The river discharge data could be used to obtain the sediment discharge. This research used descriptive methods in the form of primary data (debit data and sediment concentration) and secondary data (climate data). Results obtained sedimentary curved lines Qs = 18.995Qw1.9923 and R2 = 0.7451. The obtained sediment discharge has exceeded the limits set by the Ministry of Forestry regarding to the criteria for watershed determination.
The Development of Algorithm for Determining Optimal Route for Distribution of Goods Based on Distance, Time, And Road Quality Using Fuzzy Set and Clarke And Algorithm Wright Savings
Authors: Gultom P , Napitupulu N
Published: June 2020

The distribution of goods from distributors to several distribution agents is very important to be studied in order to minimize the total transportation costs and the availability of goods at each agent. The model generally developed in this problem is based on the shortest road distance. Basically, road distance is not the only factor considered but also the travel time and road quality that will be traversed. The travel time is uncertain, it really depends on the time and the density of the vehicles. Likewise, road quality is uncertain. Travel time and road quality are fuzzy. This research developed an algorithm to determine the route of distribution of goods by considering the distance, travel time, and road quality which are fuzzy. The optimal distribution route of the goods is a combination of three fuzzy criteria.
A tutorial on using Benaloh public key cryptosystem to encrypt text
Authors: Budiman M A , Rachmawati D
Published: June 2020

The Benaloh public key cryptosystem is an asymmetric cryptosystem with the property of homomorphic encryption scheme. This study explains how to use Benaloh public key cryptosystem to encrypt a simple text. To increase the clarity of the computation, some intermediate variables which are not available in the original Benaloh cryptosystem have been used. The Benaloh algorithm has been implemented in Python programming language version 2.7.15.
Nutritional profile of Sargassum sp. from Pane Island, Tapanuli Tengah as a component of functional food
Authors: Dewinta A F , Susetya I E , Suriani M
Published: June 2020

Most of The Pane Island Coastal communities are not yet aware of the potential of Sargassum in their coastal area even though its benefits as a foodstuff is quite high, for this reason, it is necessary to have scientific information about the importance of the nutritional content of Sargassum sp. such as proximate chemical composition and crude fibers as a components of functional food product. The proximate chemical composition and crude fibers of Sargassum were studied to understand the nutritional profile. The results show that physical-chemical parameters of waters play an essential role in the nutrients composition of Sargassum. Among the two seaweeds, S. cristaefolium contained highest protein and carbohydrates content (8.54% and 7.25%, respectively) and S. crassifolium possessed highest ash, fat and crude fiber (41.52%, 0.30%, and 24.54%, respectively). Nutrient content and crude fiber in Sargassum cristaefolium and Sargassum crassifolium can be used as components of functional foods.