bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Japanese Grassroots Museums for the 21st Century
Authors: Sawada Maiko
Published: October 2024

As Japan is about to welcome many immigrants, what role is expected for young people to play in creating and imagining a culture of peace, given that history education that encourages patriotism is viewed critically in Japan? Globalization creates a conflict between the need for migration (connectivity-multiple belongings) and the patriotic history education imposed (nationalism-homogeneity) in early 21st century Japan. What can we do to ease this conflict? The answer is better utilization of museums. Our thesis is that Japan has not only imposed national history but diverging history/memories existing in the public spaces passed through oral history. History and memories are the cause of discord in international relations in Northeast Asia. As such, we believe that this thesis will contribute to the broadening of the scope of peace studies, including museums, on the creation and imagining of a culture of peace in 21st century Japan that cannot be explained only by conventional policy and textbook content analysis.
Putting an End to Scapegoating
Authors: Landier Hubert
Published: October 2024

How can we explain the unbelievable hatred of Russia in the West following the launch of its “special operation” in Ukraine? How can we explain this invitation to confrontation and denial of any possibility of understanding? Over and above political ulterior motives and strategic stakes, how can we explain this destructive impulse? And how, on both sides, can we create the understanding that will support a return to peace and peaceful coexistence between different ethos? The first thing to note is the narrative on which the mainstream media rely: “Russia is a totalitarian state and it is Russia that has invaded peaceful Ukraine”. This is the narrative that has been running in a loop on French TV channels and in the daily press since February 2022, with very few variations from one to the other. It is fed daily by the “news of the day”.
The Government Museum of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Kannan Rajkumar , Andres Frederic
Published: October 2024

The Government Museum of Tamil Nadu, located in Tiruchirappalli, has evolved from a traditional repository of cultural heritage into a dynamic space for intercultural dialogue and peace education. This chapter explores how the museum uses its diverse collection and educational programs to promote cultural understanding and global harmony. By comparing it with Japanese grassroots peace museums, the chapter highlights the museum's unique approach to fostering intercultural respect and shaping a more inclusive, peaceful future through creativity, oral history, and digital media.
Desk Research Methods for Place Reputation Monitoring and Evaluation in the Digital Economy
Authors: Kulibanova Valeriia V. , Teor Tatiana R. , Ilyina Irina A.
Published: October 2024

A positive place reputation is the important competitive advantage, which allows it to attract resources and to facilitate mutually beneficial partnership with stakeholder groups. The main task is not only to identify the mechanism of the place reputation formation, but to analyze the factors influencing this process and their real-time dynamics. Now the information obtained by monitoring social networks, electronic media, and other looks more reliable and unbiased. Desk research has recently come to the fore, as it allows a fairly rapid analysis of large amounts of information. Another trend is a shift of focus from quantitative indicators' study to the identification of qualitative ones. The article reveals methods of conducting desk research using various digital platforms. On the example of St. Petersburg, the authors analyzed possibilities of monitoring the place reputational capital, allowing to assess the reputation characteristic expressed quantitatively, and a qualitative characteristic in the form of an attitude reflection towards the region expressed in publications' tone.
Digital Transformation Features of Mining Industry Enterprises
Authors: Torosyan Alisa , Tcukanova Olga , Alekseeva Natalia , Qureshi Abdul Hameed , Memon Shafiya Qadeer
Published: October 2024

The concept of the 4th industrial revolution is becoming a strategic driver of sustainability, success, and competitiveness in the modern mining sector. An important factor is that the industry in question has its own features in operational and production processes, which are changing due to the development and implementation of digital technologies. The purpose of this article is to determine the features of the digital transformation of enterprises in the mining industry and to study the role of digital technologies implemented in companies. To conduct the analysis, the method of content analysis of scientific studies and articles related to digital transformation in the mining sector was used. The results of the analysis are the formulation of the main directions for the development of digital technologies for mining enterprises, the definition of their role in the mining industry under consideration, and clarification of the features of digital transformation. The results of the study can be used in subsequent work aimed at further emplementing modern digital technologies.
Human-Centered Technologies in the Development of Digital Energy
Authors: Gladkikh Anatolii , Sayfutdinov Rafael , Nichunaev Artem , Ulasyuk Tatyana
Published: October 2024

The fundamental factor in ensuring the development of digital energy at the present stage is the quality of life of the population, where human-oriented technologies are fundamental in the information society. Integrated Power Management Systems (IEMS) are one of the most effective areas of digital technologies and processes in the energy sector. The most important task of IEMS is timely identification, reduction and elimination of hazards and risks in the system of energy generating enterprises. In the conditions of digital energy as an integral part of the digital economy, data on the state of managed subsystems become necessary for the IEMS resources management, where the role of human-oriented technologies is significantly increasing. These directions essentially determine the main content of the concept of intelligent energy systems, which are based on information and control technologies using a distributed data processing system. The paper proposes a method for protecting data from errors, which is based on the method of cluster partitioning of the space of code combinations.
Improving the Efficiency of Using Equity Captial in Oil and Gas Companies of Russia
Authors: Filimonova Irina , Komarova Anna , Provornaya Irina , Mikheev Timofey
Published: October 2024

The paper is devoted to the study of the indicators of the financial performance of the Russian oil and gas companies in the era of the digital transformation of markets. Nowadays oil and gas companies operate against the background of the financial and technological sanctions, the global trends for decarbonization, volatile oil prices, as well as challenges imposed by the changes in the structure and quality of the resource base. The paper aims to propose the decomposition of the coefficient of the sustainability of economic growth for the petrolium companies. The calculations were carried out for the major Russian petroleum companies in 2012-2020. It was revealed that there are two main drivers for the changes in the coefficient mainly connected with the capital and profit ratios. The results of the study justify the complex evaluation of the factors of the companies' development, as well as the formation of suitable managerial decisions. It is possible to increase the coefficient of sustainability of economic growth within the framework of management activities in different ways.
Management of the Petroleum Projects on the Russian Arctic Shelf
Authors: Komarova Anna , Filimonova Irina , Nemov Vasily , Adel A. M. Mohamed M.
Published: October 2024

The study is devoted to a relevant problem of management and evaluation of the petroleum projetcs in Russian Arctic shelf. The significance of the region is supported by a number of factors, such as a vast resource base, important geopolitical location, and others. The Arctic region presents unique logistics, transportation, production and market challenges. The aim of the research is the development of the multi-criteria decision-making approach for the evaluation of the Arctic petroleum projects. Both qualitative and quantitative indicators (economic, technological, logistical) of the efficiency of the project implementation were considered and the difference in their evaluation was studied. Results of the evaluation of the forteen petroleum projects showed the influence of the qualitative criteria on the overall problem which in turn pointed out their importance when evaluating projects in the Arctic region as financial evaluation does not have the sufficient efficiency. For the given set of objects, the preliminary sequence of development was determined under current conditions.
Tax Policy Responses to Economic Crises
Authors: Belahouaoui Rida , Attak El Houssain
Published: October 2024

This chapter explores Morocco's tax policy responses to the economic crises induced by the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the comprehensive tax reform initiatives implemented between 2023 and 2026. It examines how these reforms aim to balance the need for increased fiscal revenue with the principles of tax equity and efficiency amidst the economic disruptions caused by the pandemic. The chapter discusses the background of Morocco's tax system, the objectives and strategies of the reforms, and their implementation and outcomes. It also addresses the challenges faced and lessons learned during the reform process. The chapter concludes by reflecting on the significance of Morocco's tax policy response in enhancing fiscal sustainability and economic resilience, while suggesting areas for future research and policy development.
A Measure to Prevent Tax Evasion
Authors: Rodrigues Aldeia Susana Cristina , Białek-Jaworska Anna
Published: October 2024

This research project is focused on examining the impact of transfer pricing regulations on preventing tax evasion, specifically within the context of Portuguese jurisdiction. To accomplish this, the study utilizes a legal research methodology. Extensive examination of both national and international data sources was conducted, with particular attention given to scrutinizing the corporate income tax law and related tax documents at the national level. Additionally, thorough analysis of the OECD guidelines and reports on transfer pricing was undertaken at the international level.
What We Can Learn From Flat Tax Research
Authors: Dias Paulo Jorge , Tavares Miguel
Published: October 2024

This chapter explores the increasing academic and political interest in the “Flat Tax” system, particularly inspired by the outcomes observed in countries with proportional taxation. By analyzing a sample of 109 scientific articles from the Scopus platform using bibliometric indicators, the chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the research trends and key findings in this area. The study reveals a significant rise in publications and citations over the last few decades, with a strong focus from European researchers, though the USA shows the highest interest. The findings indicate that the topic spans various disciplines, resulting in diverse and sometimes conflicting conclusions. This chapter underscores the importance of continued investigation into the flat tax to better understand its broader implications.
The Style of Albert Camus Under the Prism of Lexicometry
Authors: El-Himer Mohamed
Published: October 2024

The last bastion resisting digital intrusion is stylistics. The techniques of measuring style are not new. Stylometry, a branch of lexicometry, dates back to the 1960s. Since 1962, methods of measuring the style of literary text have multiplied and diversified. But can we measure a writer's style as we can measure weight, time, or length? Are there material elements in the texts that can give rise to the quantification and measurement of style? If so, what is this measure and what are the means? These are the questions that this contribution attempts to answer, through the testing of some tools of lexicometry on the work of Albert Camus. The research the authors are considering undertaking is to test the pronominal index, a lexicometric test adopted by the pioneers of linguistic statistics—Pierre Guiraud, Charles Muller, Etienne Brunet, and many others—on a corpus consisting of the works of Camus. The aim is to be able to express ourselves objectively about the style of the different parts that make up this corpus.
Qualitative Methodologies to Understanding Research
Authors: Chasokela Doris
Published: October 2024

This chapter dwells into the world of qualitative methods, exploring their value in research and providing a comprehensive overview of their various types and applications. Qualitative methodologies are a critical component of understanding research. They offer a rich and nuanced view of the phenomena under study, providing in-depth insights that are often unavailable through quantitative methods alone. Qualitative methods are used in a variety of fields, including social sciences, humanities, and even natural sciences. They allow researchers to explore complex and often subjective phenomena such as human behaviour, culture, and social norms, as well as emotions, experiences, and perceptions. Through this chapter, different qualitative methodologies, including case studies, ethnography, phenomenology, narrative analysis, and discourse analysis are explored.
Fundamentals of AI, Quantum Computing, and Semiconductor Technology
Authors: Das Himadri Sekhar , Maity Hiranmoy , Banerjee Sudipta , Bag Banibrata
Published: October 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) encompasses systems capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, and problem-solving. AI includes narrow AI for specific tasks (e.g., facial recognition) and general AI for broader applications. Quantum Computing leverages quantum mechanics to process information in ways classical computers cannot. Unlike classical bits, quantum bits (qubits) can exist in multiple states simultaneously (superposition) and be interconnected (entanglement). Semiconductor Technology underpins modern electronics, enabling smaller, faster, and more efficient devices. Semiconductors, primarily silicon-based, are essential for integrated circuits. Collectively, these technologies are at the forefront of the next wave of innovation, enhancing computational capabilities and enabling transformative applications across various industries.
Unraveling the Quantum Computing Frontier
Authors: Ravindran D. , Revathi S. , Sowndharya V. , Farzhana I. , Sathya V. , Girija P. , Subramanian Siva
Published: October 2024

Quantum computing, based on the theory of quantum mechanics, revolutionizes information processing with amazing computational power. This article addresses quantum computing and discusses its current and future advances. First, it defines quantum computing and explains qubits, quantum entanglement, and quantum gates. Next, it discusses the recent decade's technical advances in qubits, quantum supremacy, and key experiments. It also examines quantum algorithm's applications in cryptography, drug and gene discovery, material design, optimisation, and ML to demonstrate its potential to advance development. However, practical quantum computing confronts significant error rates, scalability limitations, and ethical concerns. This study examines these challenges and their solutions and preventives. It predicts quantum computing technology's growth, impact on many industries, and societal effects. This study seeks to improve knowledge of quantum computing and understanding quantum computing's limitations and prospects may improve it and create a new information processing method.
Integration of AI and Quantum Computing in Cybersecurity
Authors: Paul Shyamalendu , Choudhury Nobhonil Roy , Pandit Bipradash , Dawn Avrodeep
Published: October 2024

The rapid development of cybersecurity threats in the digital age has advance approaches to safeguarding critical assets and infrastructure. This review chapter research the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and quantum computing like the transformative paradigm for magnifying cybersecurity resilience. There are countless opportunities for further study and development in the field of AI quantum cyber security, including the creation of quantum-safe AI algorithms. The importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, ethical deliberation, and transparency in advancing security is emphasized by the visualization of quantum communication protocols, ethical frameworks, and executive structures for AI quantum research, real-world applications, and successful implementations of AI quantum cyber security solutions. Overall, this review chapter bring out the transformative in the making of integrating AI and quantum computing in cybersecurity, offering insights into the challenges, opportunities, and ethical implications of AI-quantum cybersecurity solutions.
Intelligent Systems in Healthcare Monitoring
Authors: Sree Swathi , Reddy Kishor Kumar , Doss Srinath , Mahathi Avula
Published: October 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and data analysis in healthcare enhance patient outcomes through improvements in diagnosis and treatment planning. By offering healthcare practitioners real-time guidance, systems to support clinical decisions optimise the delivery of care Healthcare 6.0 relies heavily on intelligent systems capable of advanced problem-solving, pattern recognition, and real-time insights. These systems are made possible by AI and ML. Virtual health assistants, robotic surgery, personalized medicine, and predictive analytics are a few examples of intelligent systems in the healthcare industry. Utilizing AI, these solutions boost patient out-comes, decrease errors, and streamline clinical procedures. Healthcare 6.0's intelligent systems' effects on clinical practice, patient involvement, healthcare economics, and related fields are covered in detail in the sections that follow. Stakeholders will acquire a thorough grasp of the threats, opportunities, and current de-velopments in this revolutionary era of healthcare through in-depth examination
International Aid and Development Assistance in the Arab MENA
Authors: El Khanji Souha
Published: October 2024

This chapter delves into the donors' interest in allocating aid according to their geopolitical interests in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. It specifically focuses on the Arab countries after the Arab Spring, a period marked by recent political conflicts and military interventions. As a cornerstone of their foreign policy, numerous donors rely on aid programs in their external political relations. The study emphasizes the geopolitical potential for recipients of aid from various multilateral and bilateral donors. The results indicate that a limited number of donors' target recipients who are highly vulnerable and fragile; this could potentially explain the recipients' attitudes, which are reflected in the high rate of uncontrolled immigration to European countries. European institutions must focus on synergy when targeting aid, especially if their goal is to stop the influx of refugees. The authors have observed that DAC donors consider fragility and geopolitical concerns when providing aid.
Evaluating the Performance of NGO-Led Capability Enhancement Initiatives on Improving Women's Leadership and Empowerment in the Middle East in General
Authors: Kamarldin Nour
Published: October 2024

This chapter examines the efficiency of women's empowerment initiatives conducted by NGOs in the Middle East in general and in Lebanon specifically in order to enable women to take on leadership roles and to pave the way for them to be future leaders, managers, or even executives. This study aims at assessing the practical impact of women's enablement projects on women's empowerment in an area enjoying sophisticated political, economic, social, and cultural patterns, like the regional conflict between Lebanon and Israel, the critical economic crisis, and social and gender inequality. The study reflects on women's empowerment through related literature including diverse theories tackling leadership such as empowerment theory which comprise empowerment and leadership theories as well as capability approach. In terms of methodology, the research applies semi-structured interviews with experts responsible for designing and implementing women's enablement programs and beneficiaries.
Gender Inequality and Women's Empowerment
Authors: Karkout Weam
Published: October 2024

Gender inequality and women's empowerment are pivotal topics in the discourse surrounding development disparities in the Middle East. This chapter explores the multifaceted nature of these issues, highlighting their socio-economic and cultural dimensions within the region. In the Middle East, gender inequality manifests through disparities in access to education, healthcare, economic opportunities, and political representation. Women often face systemic barriers that limit their advancement and participation in public life. These challenges are exacerbated by traditional norms and legal frameworks that perpetuate unequal treatment based on gender. Conversely, efforts towards women's empowerment have gained momentum, driven by grassroots movements, international advocacy, and local governmental initiatives. These endeavors aim to dismantle discriminatory practices and promote gender equality across various sectors. Initiatives include legal reforms, educational campaigns, and economic empowerment programs that seek to enhance women's rights and socio-economic opportunities.
Transforming Education Access in the Middle East
Authors: Al Mokdad Mohamad
Published: October 2024

This chapter delves into the root causes of educational inequality, including historical, cultural, and economic factors. It explores successful case studies and innovative approaches that have been implemented to bridge the educational divide. By analyzing policy frameworks, educational programs, and community initiatives, the chapter highlights effective strategies for promoting educational equity. Furthermore, it discusses the role of international organizations, governments, and civil society in driving educational reforms. The chapter concludes by offering policy recommendations and strategic actions to transform educational access from a privilege for the few into a universal right. Ultimately, this chapter aims to contribute to the broader discourse on sustainable development in the Middle East by emphasizing the pivotal role of education in fostering social and economic progress.
Environmental Sustainability and Development in the Middle East
Authors: Jaber Saly
Published: October 2024

The Middle East is a region characterized by its diverse ecosystems, rich natural resources, and complex socio-political dynamics. This chapter explores the intricate relationship between environmental sustainability and socio-economic development in the region. It addresses the pressing environmental challenges, including water scarcity, desertification, and climate change, and their impacts on development. The chapter also examines the policies and strategies implemented by Middle Eastern countries to promote sustainable development, highlighting successful initiatives and identifying areas for improvement. Through a comprehensive analysis of case studies and regional data, this chapter provides insights into the potential pathways for achieving environmental sustainability while fostering economic growth and social equity in the Middle East.
Singapore as a Blueprint for Lebanon
Authors: Zreik Mohamad
Published: October 2024

This chapter explores how Singapore's successful development model can serve as a blueprint for Lebanon to overcome its developmental challenges. Singapore, once a struggling nation, has transformed into a global hub of economic prosperity, political stability, and social cohesion through effective governance, strategic economic policies, and inclusive social development. This chapter delves into the key factors behind Singapore's success, including its emphasis on good governance, anti-corruption measures, investment in human capital, and infrastructural development. By drawing parallels between the two countries and analyzing Singapore's strategies, this chapter provides practical recommendations for Lebanon. It emphasizes the importance of political will, institutional reforms, and public-private partnerships in fostering sustainable development. The insights offered aim to contribute to the discourse on reducing developmental disparities in the Middle East and propose a viable pathway for Lebanon's growth and stability.
The Role of Economic Policy in Shaping Developmental Outcomes in the Middle East
Authors: Mokdad Zahraa Hussein
Published: October 2024

The Middle East, characterized by its rich resources and diverse economies, faces significant developmental disparities influenced by varying economic policies. This chapter explores how different economic policies implemented by Middle Eastern countries have impacted their developmental trajectories. The chapter analyzes both successful and unsuccessful policies to understand the crucial role that economic strategy plays in either exacerbating or alleviating these disparities. By examining key development indicators such as GDP growth, employment rates, income distribution, and the Human Development Index (HDI), this chapter provides a comprehensive evaluation of the region's economic landscape. In-depth case studies of countries like Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, and Lebanon highlight the specific economic reforms undertaken and their outcomes.
Understanding Economic Inequality in the Middle East
Authors: Darwich Karim
Published: October 2024

Economic inequality in the Middle East is a multifaceted issue influenced by a variety of historical, political, social, and economic factors. This chapter delves into the roots and current manifestations of economic inequality in the region, examining its impact on social stability, economic development, and political dynamics. Key themes include the influence of governance and political systems on economic inequality, the impact of regional conflicts and migration, and the role of international economic policies and institutions. Additionally, the authors analyze the socio-economic consequences of inequality. The chapter also investigates various policy responses and strategies aimed at addressing economic inequality, both at the national and regional levels. They assess the effectiveness of these interventions and propose potential pathways for more equitable economic growth and development in the Middle East.
Use of Modified Silica as Selective Adsorbent on Exhaust and Dissolved Gases
Authors: Silviana Silviana , Silvester Reynold Valentino , Rochman Dwi Maulana , Gandasasmita Monica Evelina , Kristianingsih Intan , Rohman Muhammad Syaichur
Published: October 2024

Emissions are substances that enter the air, whether or not they have the potential as pollutants. Emission gases can have adverse effects on the health of living beings, especially humans, and can contribute to an increase in the Earth's temperature. Therefore, separation efforts are needed to minimize the negative impacts caused by them. Adsorption method was categorized as absorption, cryogenic distillation, and membrane. Although there were shortcomings in adsorbing emission gases through the method, it remained a promising approach. Adsorption was recognized for its economic viability, technological effectiveness, thermally stability, corrosion resistance, high load capacity, and tunable surface properties. However, adsorption materials were categorized as porous carbon, zeolites, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), porous polymers, and porous silica. A significant limitation of the method was its susceptibility to decreased capacity in the presence of water vapor. The analysis results showed that porous silica became a superior adsorption material due to its high porosity, which facilitated rapid gas diffusion. To enhance selectivity and adjust pore size, material modifications, particularly silica, became necessary. This showed that surface modification for silicasupported the improvements in selectivity and pore size.
Substituted Indole Derivatives against Leucine Transporter (LeuT) as SSRI Antidepressant: Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Widyanti Monika , Mardjan Muhammad Idham Darussalam , Prasetyo Niko , Kusuma Alberto Krishna Ksatria Winning , Saviola Aldino Javier
Published: October 2024

Molecular docking and molecular dynamics on substituted indole derivatives-Leucine Trasporter had been performed. Indole derivatives with methoxy and fluorine group are chosen and specific amino acid residue Arg30 and Asp404 are π-alkyl and π-cation interactions. The suggested molecule containing methoxy groups has an RMSD value of 1.95 Å, a binding energy of-4.00 kcal mol-1, and an inhibition constant of 1.17 μM. The hypothesized fluorine-containing compound's RMSD value, binding energy, and inhibition constant were each 1.88 Å; -5.97 kcal mol-1; and 41.88 μM, respectively. The substituted indole derivative with the methoxy group was stable, according to the findings of a 200-ns molecular dynamics simulation, while the substituted indole derivative with the fluorine group was less stable. Based on the examination of RMSD, RMSF, RoG, the quantity of hydrogen, and the level of contact stability of the ligands with the particular amino acid residues for the antidepressant drug, the dynamical interaction of ligands against LeuT was determined.
The X-Direction Scanning of Atomic Force Microscopy to Analyze Porous Silicon P-Type Si(100) Fabricated by Electrochemical Anodization Method
Authors: Suryana Risa , Erviana Erma
Published: October 2024

This work only investigated the x-direction scanning of atomic force microscopy, which can accurately measure porous silicon's width, depth, and roughness. Pores on p-type Si (100) surfaces fabricated by electrochemical anodization method with the variation of resistivity and current density, i.e., 0.001-0.005 Ω.cm (high dopant) and 1-10 Ω.cm (low dopant), and 4, 6, 8, and 10 mA/cm2, respectively. Macroporous silicon was obtained for both high and low dopants. Pore width, pore depth, and roughness of silicon increase with increasing the current density. Characteristics of porous silicon for high dopants are smaller than that for low dopants. It indicates that large amounts of dopant in silicon can slow the etching process.
Neonatal Neutrophil-mediated Control of Bordetella pertussis Is Disrupted by Pertussis Toxin
Authors: Sedney Colleen J , Masters Jillian , Callender Maiya , Dewan Kalyan , Caulfield Amanda , Harvill Eric T
Published: October 2024

The increased susceptibility of infants and young children to some diseases has often been explained as the neonatal immune system (NIS) being incomplete and/or underdeveloped. However, our recent work demonstrated that neonatal mice could clear a Bordetella pertussis (Bp) strain lacking pertussis toxin (PTx) (BpΔptx) much more efficiently than adult mice, indicating that the NIS can be extremely effective, but this ability is highly sensitive to being blocked by PTx. In this article, we investigated immunological mechanisms by which neonates efficiently and rapidly clear BpΔptx to better understand how the NIS functions and how PTx disrupts it. Depleting neutrophils, or blocking their recruitment, inhibited pups’ ability to rapidly clear BpΔptx, revealing a critical role for neutrophils. Pups deficient in complement (C3−/−) failed to recruit neutrophils and did not efficiently clear BpΔptx but recovered these abilities upon treatment with C3a. Neutrophil depletion in C3−/− pups led to further failure to control BpΔptx, suggesting that neutrophils and complement have independent roles in rapid clearance of BpΔptx. Depleting or disrupting neutrophils and complement had negligible effect on the rapid growth of wild-type Bp, indicating that PTx blocks these otherwise highly effective aspects of the NIS.
Telehealth implementation for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a scoping review
Authors: Susmarini Dian , Shin Hyewon , Choi Sunyeob
Published: October 2024

The objective of this research was to examine current telehealth practices in managing children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to map existing implementations using the American Medical Association’s Virtual Care Value Framework. A scoping review was conducted following the Arksey and O’Malley framework. The databases, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and PubMed, were searched with specific keywords related to telehealth and ADHD. The screening process followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. In­clusion criteria were restricted to articles published in English between January 2000 and July 2024, focusing on children with ADHD, their parents, caregivers, family members, teachers, healthcare professionals, and articles implementing telehealth interventions. As a result, out of 389 initially identified articles, 22 met the inclusion criteria. The studies were predominantly conducted in the United States. The most common telehealth meth­ods included videoconferencing and telephone-based communications. Key areas of fo­cus in these studies included clinical outcomes, access to care, patient and family experi­ence, caregiver experience, clinician experience, and financial and operational impact. However, none of the studies addressed health equity. In conclusion, telehealth has shown effectiveness in improving ADHD assessment, treatment adherence, and parental education, leading to positive patient outcomes and experiences. However, the financial impact of telehealth remains uncertain. Further research is needed, particularly outside the United States, to explore emerging telehealth technologies and areas overlooked by the Virtual Care Value Framework, such as health equity.
Family-based mobile application needs in childhood obesity management in South Korea: a qualitative study
Authors: Yang Hwa-Mi , Kim Hye-Ryoung
Published: October 2024

Purpose: It is essential to investigate the users’ needs in developing user-centered, family-based applications (apps) for managing childhood obesity.Methods: This study conducted focus group interviews with ten parents, ten children, and four app developers to investigate the need to develop a family-based mobile app for childhood obesity. The interview period was from July 17 to August 30, 2023. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis.Results: The results highlighted 31 key themes critical to family-based app development, including the need for comprehensive content promoting healthy lifestyle habits, tailored expert support, and motivational factors for app engagement, which were categorized as intrinsic, extrinsic, and social motivations and technological features. Participants also highlighted potential challenges, such as app usability issues and the need for a user-friendly interface. The pivotal role of parents in guiding and supporting their children’s health behaviors was emphasized, particularly in creating a supportive environment that encourages sustained engagement with the app.Conclusion: These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the needs and preferences of parents, children, and app developers in managing childhood obesity. Emphasis on integrating healthy lifestyle content, providing expert support, and incorporating motivational strategies is crucial for the app’s success. Additionally, addressing potential difficulties and recognizing the pivotal role of parents are essential considerations. These insights will inform the design and development of a user-centered mobile app that supports families in managing childhood obesity.
Korean nurses’ knowledge, opinions and current practice of trauma-informed pediatric nursing care in South Korea: a descriptive study
Authors: Bang Kyung-Sook , Hong Sun Woo , Bang Hwal Lan , Choe Ji-Hye , Choi Sinyoung
Published: October 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, opinions, competence, and barriers of nurses providing trauma-informed care (TIC) to children in hospitals.Methods: Data were collected from 198 nurses nationwide using the TIC Provider Survey developed by the Center for Pediatric Traumatic Stress in July, 2024. Descriptive statistics, t tests, and one-way ANOVA were conducted using the IBM SPSS Statistics software (ver. 23.0, IBM Corp.).Results: Of the 13 items assessing knowledge of TIC, seven had a correct response rate of over 90%. However, the correct response rate for these three items were less than 30%. Regarding opinions on the TIC, more than 90% of participants agreed with five of the seven items. In self-rated competence in providing TIC, they were not competent in responding to a child’s (or parent’s) questions about whether the child is going to die or understanding how traumatic stress may present differently according to developmental stages. The major barriers to providing TIC were time constraints, lack of training, and organizational support. Items with relatively low performance rates were ‘teach parents what to say to their child after a difficult/sick/scary experience, and teach child or parents the specific ways to cope with unpleasant experiences’.Conclusion: This study suggests that it can contribute to the development of specific guidelines for nurses to effectively apply TIC in pediatric and family nursing practice, emphasizing the need for educational programs to support this implementation.
Retinal Diabetopathy? Sleep Disorders, Retinal Changes, and Insulin Resistance: A Synthesized Systematic Review
Authors: Parthasarathy Srinivasan , Vasanthkumar V. S. , Balaji R.
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Sleep disturbances, particularly prevalent in modern lifestyles, have been increasingly associated with metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) (T2DM). Epidemiological evidence underscores the link between impaired sleep and elevated risks of cardiovascular diseases and mortality rates, alongside the emergence of metabolic dysregulation. Notably, conditions such as obstructive sleep apnea syndrome contribute to disrupted sleep architecture and exacerbate insulin resistance through repeated drops in blood oxygen levels during sleep. Furthermore, chronic sleep deprivation, irregular sleep schedules, and shift work disrupt circadian rhythms, amplifying the risk of metabolic disorders. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for articles from January 2010 to October 2023 using terms such as “sleep disturbances,” “Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus,” and “retinal receptors.” Inclusion criteria covered studies on human and animal participants, comparative analyses, and reviews. Exclusion criteria ruled out nonpeer-reviewed works and those with limited population sizes. Data extraction focused on study design, populations, types of sleep disorders, metabolic effects, and retinal health impacts. Results emphasized the bidirectional relationship among these variables. The critical analytical research and review highlights the bidirectional relationship between retinal receptor dysfunction and DM, emphasizing how metabolic disturbances associated with diabetes impact retinal health, while dysfunctional retinal receptors contribute to the progression of diabetes-related complications. Insights into the role of insulin receptors in the retina and the blood–retinal barrier underscore the mechanisms through which insulin resistance compromises retinal integrity, leading to neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and photoreceptor damage. The disturbed sleep can also affect the melatonin secretion, thereby affecting insulin resistance. We preliminarily have named the nexus as retinal diabetopathy. By elucidating the impact of intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation on cellular signaling and metabolism, particularly in vital organs such as muscles, liver, fat, and pancreas, the article provides a comprehensive understanding of how prevalent sleep disturbances and retinal changes contribute to the development and progression of T2DM. Overall, this research underscores the importance of addressing sleep disorders in the prevention and management of metabolic disorders.
Burn injuries in clinical practice: Principles and management for general physicians
Authors: Sharma Raman , Ahuja Rajeev B
Published: October 2024

Burn injuries, although largely preventable, continue to pose a significant global health burden and substantially contribute to morbidity and mortality. This study emphasises the pivotal role of timely and effective burn care in mitigating the adverse consequences of these injuries. General physicians often serve as frontline responders to burn incidents, highlighting the importance of proficiency in burn management for accurate diagnosis, prognosis and appropriate referral to specialised burn units. Prompt initiation of acute burn care is paramount, with first-aid interventions playing a crucial role in shaping patient outcomes and reducing morbidity and it highlights the essential principles of burn care that general physicians should apply to enhance patient care outcomes. This emphasises the critical role of general physicians in implementing these principles effectively. In addition, it underscores the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach, advocating collaboration between general physicians and specialised burn care teams to ensure comprehensive patient management and rehabilitation. Ultimately, effective burn care enhances individual patient outcomes and reduces the overall burden of burn injuries on healthcare systems and society.
The Promising Key Factors Mediating Secondary Neuronal Damage in the Perihematomal Region of Intracerebellar Hemorrhage of Mice
Authors: Bhatia Saandeep , Paramasivam Ramissh , Zolkefley Mohd Khairul Izamil Bin , Kandasamy Regunath , Muthuraju Sangu , Abdullah Jafri Malin
Published: October 2024

The underlying mechanisms of secondary neuronal damage following intracerebellar hemorrhage (ICbH) have not yet been clearly understood. Our previous study reported apoptotic neuronal damage in the perihematomal region (PH) in mice. However, the possible key factors causing secondary neuronal damage in ICbH are not yet known. Therefore, we aimed to study the vital factors in the mediation of secondary neuronal damage following ICbH induced by collagenase type VII (0.4 U/μL of saline) into the cerebellum of mice. The mice were grouped into four groups: (1) control group (n = 12), (2) day-1 group (n = 12), (3) day-3 group (n = 12), and (4) day-7 group (n = 12). All mice underwent behavior assessment following induction of ICbH and were subsequently sacrificed on days 1, 3, and 7. Perihaematoma samples were collected to study morphological changes, immunohistochemistry, nitric oxide (NO) estimation, and oxidative stress markers, respectively. Mouse behavior was disturbed following ICbH on days 3 and 7 compared to the control. In addition, neuronal damage was found in the PH region. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (EAAT1) were highly expressed on day 7, while gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 (GABAAα1)-containing receptor subunit was detected on days 1 and 3. NO increased on day 1 post-induction and decreased on days 3 and 7. The expressions of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), neuronal nitric oxide synthases (nNOSs), glutathione peroxidase 1, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were significantly increased on day 3. Morphological studies of the PH and tissue showed that neuronal damage occurred from day 1 onward and peaked on day 3, associated with alterations in NO, reactive astrocytes (GFAP), glutamate transport regulation (EAAT1), and GABA receptor. Briefly, significant changes in the key markers in the PH regions at different time points are possibly crucial factors facilitating secondary neuronal damage in the PH region. Identifying the time window of these vital changes could help prevent secondary damage and optimize the treatment to occur at proper time points.
Efficacy of Ayurveda interventions and lifestyle versus lifestyle interventions alone in grade I and II non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Protocol for a multicenter exploratory pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Das Banamali , Jain Seema , Krishna Rao S. , Yadav Babita , Jameela Sophia , Rana Rakesh , Rao B. C. S. , Rao M. M. , Srikanth N.
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a worldwide public health issue affecting 20%–30% of adults, with dominance in men, particularly in the obese population. Current interventions focus on lifestyle modifications, highlighting the need for effective pharmacological options. This study explores the clinical efficacy of Arogyavardhini Vati and Pippalyadyasava, traditional Ayurvedic formulations, in the management of NAFLD.

BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE:

With Ayurvedic medicine emphasizing holistic well-being, this study is aimed to assess the efficacy of Ayurveda interventions viz., Arogyavardhini Vati and Pippalyadyasava combined with lifestyle modifications in grade I and II NAFLD.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The study includes individuals aged 18–60 years and diagnosed with NAFLD of grade I or II. The intervention arm receives Arogyavardhini Vati and Pippalyadyasava along with lifestyle modifications, while the control group adopts lifestyle modifications for 90 days. Both groups are then followed up for more than 30 days with lifestyle modifications ongoing. Primary outcomes include the change in the fibroscan score and controlled attenuation parameter value or magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction. Secondary outcomes are changes in liver function markers, lipid profile, HbA1C, Body Mass Index, and Fatty Liver Index.

CONCLUSION:

This study may inform about the efficacy of the Ayurvedic interventions adjuvant to lifestyle modification in the management of NAFLD.

TRIAL REGISTRATION:

CTRI/2022/02/040321 dated February 15, 2022.
Ancient Schwannoma in Proximity to the Median Nerve in the Midarm of an Elderly Woman
Authors: Deshmukh Milind A. , Shivkumar Vitaladevuni B. , Datta Niloy R.
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Ancient schwannomas (ASs) are a rare type of schwannomas which arise from the Schwann cells. They are characterized by benign nature and long-standing course. Their histopathological hallmark is hemorrhagic and degenerative changes with nuclear atypia. They can be misdiagnosed as malignant tumors but are differentiated by absence of mitotic activity. The median nerve in the arm is rarely involved. Even rarer is the appearance of ASs away from the main median nerve. We describe a case of AS present in proximity to the median nerve in the midarm of an elderly woman. The tumor grew relatively faster over 1.5 years and the patient presented with pain and swelling in the medial side of the right midarm. Following imaging and histopathological examination (HPE), definitive diagnosis was reached. Surgical excision was done performed and further HPE confirmed AS. The patient was further subjected to external beam radiotherapy (RT; 50 Gy over 5 weeks in 25 fractions) to prevent recurrence. RT was well tolerated, and at 2 months of follow-up, there was absence of any radiological sign of recurrence. The differential diagnoses of AS include sarcomas and tumors of neural origin. History, clinical presentation, imaging, and histopathology findings are critical in arriving at the diagnosis of AS.