bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The optimal surgery timing after stenting in colorectal cancer patients with malignant obstruction: additionally compared with emergency surgery
Authors: Na Ji Eun , Kim Eun Ran , Kim Ji Eun , Hong Sung Noh , Kim Young Ho , Chang Dong Kyung
Published: August 2023

Background

This study aimed to determine short-term and long-term outcomes according to time intervals after stenting and compared them with those of emergency surgery (ES) in colorectal cancer (CRC) with malignant obstruction.

Methods

CRC with malignant obstructions was reviewed retrospectively between January 2008 and July 2018. Of a total of 539 patients who visited the emergency room and underwent ES, 133 were enrolled in the ES group. Of a total of 567 patients who initially received stenting and subsequently underwent elective surgery, 220 were enrolled in the SEMS group. The interval between SEMS placement and elective surgery was classified as < 11 days, 11–17 days, and > 17 days.

Results

For those who received SEMS (n = 220), those with a time interval of 11–17 days (n = 97) had fewer hospital days than those with a time interval of < 11 days (n = 68) (8 days vs. 15 days) and less stoma formation than those with a time interval of > 17 days (n = 55) (1.0% vs. 14.6%). Multivariable analysis revealed a decreased risk of death for the group with a time interval of 11–17 days (20.6%) compared to the ES group (31.6%) (hazard ratio: 0.48; 95% confidence interval: 0.24–0.97). Disease-free survival was comparable between the SEMS and ES groups regardless of the time interval (log-rank p = 0.52).

Conclusions

The time interval of 11–17 days after stenting to elective surgery appeared to be associated with the most favorable outcomes.
Assessing the impact of grief on quality of life, work productivity, and health outcomes for parents bereaved from SMA: A study protocol
Authors: Riley Abigail G. , Mulé Christina M. , Lerner Debra , Belter Lisa , O’Toole Colleen McCarthy , Kowal Stacey , Fox David , Shapouri Sheila , Vesel Tamara , Lavelle Tara A.
Published: August 2023

Background

U.S. cost-effectiveness recommendations suggest that analyses should include all costs and effects relevant to the decision problem [1]. However, in many diseases, including spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), few studies have evaluated bereaved family outcomes after a child has died, neglecting potential impacts on their health-related quality of life (HRQoL), work productivity, and mental health. Additionally, grief-related outcomes are rarely included in economic evaluations. This manuscript outlines the protocol of a study that will estimate the HRQoL, work functioning, and mental health of bereaved parents of children with SMA type 1 to determine how outcomes vary based on parent’s sex and the time since a child’s death.

Methods

This study will involve two phases. In Phase 1, we will conduct a literature review to identify prior research that has measured how parental grief impacts HRQoL, work productivity, and mental health. We will also interview four bereaved parents of children with SMA type 1, stratified by parent sex and time since their child’s death, and analyze findings using a thematic analysis. In Phase 2, we will develop a survey draft based on Phase 1 findings. Parents bereaved from SMA type 1 will review our survey draft and we will revise the survey based on their feedback. We will send a cross-sectional survey to approximately 880 parents bereaved from SMA type 1. We will analyze findings from the survey to investigate whether the severity of grief symptoms is correlated with HRQoL, productivity, depression and anxiety symptom severity. We will also evaluate whether the mean scores of grief and each of the outcomes vary significantly when stratified by parent sex and the time since the child’s death.

Discussion

Our results will provide preliminary information on how parental grief can impact HRQoL, productivity, and mental health outcomes over time. Increasing the availability of family outcomes data will potentially assist organizations performing health economic evaluations, such as the Institute of Clinical and Economic Review (ICER) in the U.S. This research will also help to inform the development of future economic guidelines on this topic.
Human Parathyroid Hormone Analog (3–34/29–34) promotes wound re-epithelialization through inducing keratinocyte migration and epithelial–mesenchymal transition via PTHR1-PI3K/AKT activation
Authors: Zhou Chunhao , Guan Donghua , Guo Jialiang , Niu Shangbo , Cai Zhihai , Li Chengfu , Qin Chenghe , Yan Wenjuan , Yang Dehong
Published: August 2023

Background

Re-epithelialization is important in the process of wound healing. Various methods have been identified to expedite the process, but their clinical application remains limited. While parathyroid hormone (PTH) has shown promising results in wound healing due to its role in promoting collagen deposition and cell migration, application is limited by its potentially inhibitive effects when being continuously and locally administrated. Herein, we developed a novel PTH analog, Human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) (3–34/29–34) (henceforth MY-1), by partially replacing and repeating the amino acid sequences of hPTH (1–34), and evaluated its effect on skin wound re-epithelialization.

Methods

CCK-8, colony formation unit assay, and Ki67 immunofluorescent staining were performed to evaluate the effect of MY-1 on HaCaT cell proliferation. Then, wound scratch assay, Transwell assay and lamellipodia staining were carried out to evaluate the effect of MY-1 on cell migration. Moreover, the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were measured using qPCR and western blot analysis. For in-vivo drug delivery, gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel was employed to load the MY-1, with the physicochemical characteristics evaluated prior to its application in wound models. Then, MY-1’s role in wound healing was determined via acute skin wound models. Finally, the mechanism that MY-1 activated was also detected on HaCaT cells and in-vivo wound models.

Results

In-vitro, MY-1 accelerated the migration and EMT of HaCaT cells, while having little effect on cell proliferation. GelMA and MY-1-incorporated GelMA hydrogels showed similar physicochemical characteristics and were used in the in-vivo studies, where the results revealed that MY-1 led to a stronger re-epithelialization by inducing basal keratinocyte migration and EMT. Further studies on in-vivo wound models and in-vitro HaCaT cells revealed that MY-1 regulated cell migration and EMT through activating PI3K/AKT signaling. The parathyroid hormone type 1 receptor (PTHR1), the main receptor of PTH, was found to be the upstream of PI3K/AKT signaling, through interfering PTHR1 expression with a small interference RNA following detection of the PI3K/AKT activation.

Conclusion

Collectively, our study demonstrated that MY-1 accelerates skin wound re-epithelialization by inducing keratinocyte migration and EMT via PTHR1-PI3K/AKT axis activation.
RepID represses megakaryocytic differentiation by recruiting CRL4A-JARID1A at DAB2 promoter
Authors: Jo Jae-Hyun , Park Jong-Uk , Kim Yeong-Mu , Ok Seon-Mi , Kim Dong-Kyu , Jung Dong-Hyun , Kim Hye-Ji , Seong Hyun-A , Cho Hyo Je , Nah Jihoon , Kim Sangjune , Fu Haiqing , Redon Christophe E. , Aladjem Mirit I. , Jang Sang-Min
Published: August 2023

Background

Megakaryocytes (MKs) are platelet precursors, which arise from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). While MK lineage commitment and differentiation are accompanied by changes in gene expression, many factors that modulate megakaryopoiesis remain to be uncovered. Replication initiation determinant protein (RepID) which has multiple histone-code reader including bromodomain, cryptic Tudor domain and WD40 domains and Cullin 4-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex (CRL4) recruited to chromatin mediated by RepID have potential roles in gene expression changes via epigenetic regulations. We aimed to investigate whether RepID-CRL4 participates in transcriptional changes required for MK differentiation.

Methods

The PCR array was performed using cDNAs derived from RepID-proficient or RepID-deficient K562 erythroleukemia cell lines. Correlation between RepID and DAB2 expression was examined in the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) through the CellMinerCDB portal. The acceleration of MK differentiation in RepID-deficient K562 cells was determined by estimating cell sizes as well as counting multinucleated cells known as MK phenotypes, and by qRT-PCR analysis to validate transcripts of MK markers using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-mediated MK differentiation condition. Interaction between CRL4 and histone methylation modifying enzymes were investigated using BioGRID database, immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assay. Alterations of expression and chromatin binding affinities of RepID, CRL4 and histone methylation modifying enzymes were investigated using subcellular fractionation followed by immunoblotting. RepID-CRL4-JARID1A-based epigenetic changes on DAB2 promoter were analyzed by chromatin-immunoprecipitation and qPCR analysis.

Results

RepID-deficient K562 cells highly expressing MK markers showed accelerated MKs differentiation exhibiting increases in cell size, lobulated nuclei together with reaching maximum levels of MK marker expression earlier than RepID-proficient K562 cells. Recovery of WD40 domain-containing RepID constructs in RepID-deficient background repressed DAB2 expression. CRL4A formed complex with histone H3K4 demethylase JARID1A in soluble nucleus and loaded to the DAB2 promoter in a RepID-dependent manner during proliferation condition. RepID, CRL4A, and JARID1A were dissociated from the chromatin during MK differentiation, leading to euchromatinization of the DAB2 promoter.

Conclusion

This study uncovered a role for the RepID-CRL4A-JARID1A pathway in the regulation of gene expression for MK differentiation, which can form the basis for the new therapeutic approaches to induce platelet production.
GSDMD knockdown attenuates phagocytic activity of microglia and exacerbates seizure susceptibility in TLE mice
Authors: Yang Xiaoxia , Cao Qingqing , Guo Yi , He Jingchuan , Xu Demei , Lin Aolei
Published: August 2023

Background

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is often characterized pathologically by severe neuronal loss in the hippocampus. Phagocytic activity of microglia is essential for clearing apoptotic neuronal debris, allowing for repair and regeneration. Our previous research has shown that gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of TLE. However, whether GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis influences the accumulation of apoptotic neurons remains unclear. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate whether phagocytic activity of microglia is involved in GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis and the pathogenesis of TLE.

Methods

To establish a TLE model, an intra-amygdala injection of kainic acid (KA) was performed. The Racine score and local field potential (LFP) recordings were used to assess seizure severity. Neuronal death in the bilateral hippocampus was assessed by Nissl staining and TUNEL staining. Microglial morphology and phagocytic activity were detected by immunofluorescence and verified by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the P2Y12R agonist 2MeSADP.

Results

GSDMD knockdown augmented the accumulation of apoptotic neurons and seizure susceptibility in TLE mice. Microglia activated and transition to the M1 type with increased pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, GSDMD knockdown attenuated the migration and phagocytic activity of microglia. Of note, LPS-activated microglia attenuated seizure susceptibility and the accumulation of apoptotic neurons in TLE after GSDMD knockdown. A P2Y12R selective agonist, 2MeSADP, enhanced the migration and phagocytic activity of microglia.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate that GSDMD knockdown exacerbates seizure susceptibility and the accumulation of apoptotic neurons by attenuating phagocytic activity of microglia. These findings suggest that GSDMD plays a protective role against KA-induced seizure susceptibility.
A scoping review of the discrepancies in the measurement of cerebral blood flow in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: oligemia, euvolemia or hyperemia?
Authors: Bateman Grant A
Published: August 2023

Background

The literature regarding the global cerebral blood flow (CBF) in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is divergent leading to skepticism about the significance of blood flow to the disease’s underlying pathophysiology.

Methods

The purpose of the current paper is to perform a PRISMA scoping review of the literature describing the CBF in IIH. The review investigated the PUBMED and Scopus data bases looking at case mix, technique and the methodologies employed by the studies selected.

Discussion

Many studies indicate that the flow in IIH is normal but others show the flow to be altered. These later studies show a range of flows from a reduction of 20% to an increase of 50% compared to control values. Obesity is a common finding in IIH and is known to reduce CBF, anemia occurs in approximately 20% of IIH patients and is a potent cause of an increased CBF. Thus, variations in case mix may have a significant effect on the final outcome in those studies which are underpowered. The varying techniques which have been used to estimate CBF have differing strengths and weaknesses which may also have a bearing on the outcome. Some papers have significant confounding methodological issues.

Conclusions

This review suggests each of the variables investigated are responsible for the divergent CBF findings in IIH.
Public health advocacy strategies to influence policy agendas: lessons from a narrative review of success in trade policy
Authors: Townsend Belinda , Tenni Brigitte Frances , Goldman Sharni , Gleeson Deborah
Published: August 2023

Background

Despite accumulating evidence of the implications of trade policy for public health, trade and health sectors continue to operate largely in silos. Numerous barriers to advancing health have been identified, including the dominance of a neoliberal paradigm, powerful private sector interests, and constraints associated with policymaking processes. Scholars and policy actors have recommended improved governance practices for trade policy, including: greater transparency and accountability; intersectoral collaboration; the use of health impact assessments; South-South networking; and mechanisms for civil society participation. These policy prescriptions have been generated from specific cases, such as the World Trade Organization’s Doha Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health or specific instances of trade-related policymaking at the national level. There has not yet been a comprehensive analysis of what enables the elevation of health goals on trade policy agendas. This narrative review seeks to address this gap by collating and analysing known studies across different levels of policymaking and different health issues.

Results

Sixty-five studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Health issues that received attention on trade policy agendas included: access to medicines, food nutrition and food security, tobacco control, non-communicable diseases, access to knowledge, and asbestos harm. This has occurred in instances of domestic and regional policymaking, and in bilateral, regional and global trade negotiations, as well as in trade disputes and challenges. We identified four enabling conditions for elevation of health in trade-related policymaking: favourable media attention; leadership by trade and health ministers; public support; and political party support. We identified six strategies successfully used by advocates to influence these conditions: using and translating multiple forms of evidence, acting in coalitions, strategic framing, leveraging exogenous factors, legal strategy, and shifting forums.

Conclusion

The analysis demonstrates that while technical evidence is important, political strategy is necessary for elevating health on trade agendas. The analysis provides lessons that can be explored in the wider commercial determinants of health where economic and health interests often collide.
Long-term follow-up in a pediatric patient with Ligneous Conjunctivitis due to PLG gene mutation in topical plasminogen treatment after successful use of ocular prosthesis for aesthetic rehabilitation: a case report
Authors: Panfili Filippo Maria , Valente Paola , Ficari Andrea , Cortellessa Fabiana , Vecchio Davide , Gonfiantini Michaela Veronika , Buonuomo Paola Sabrina , Colafati Giovanna Stefania , Agolini Emanuele , Bartuli Maria , Modugno Alessandra Claudia , Macchiaiolo Marina
Published: August 2023

Background

Ligneous Conjunctivitis (LC) is the most common clinical manifestation of Type I Plasminogen deficiency (T1PD; OMIM# 217090), and it is characterized by the formation of pseudomembranes (due to deposition of fibrin) on the conjunctivae leading to progressive vision loss.

In past times, patients with LC were treated with surgery, topical anti-inflammatory, cytostatic agents, and systemic immunosuppressive drugs with limited results (Blood 108:3021-3026, 2006, Ophthalmology 129:955-957, 2022, Surv Ophthalmol 48:369-388, 2003, Blood 131:1301-1310, 2018). The surgery can also trigger the development of membranes, as observed in patients needing ocular prosthesis (Surv Ophthalmol 48:369-388, 2003). Treatment with topical purified plasminogen is used to prevent pseudomembranes formation (Blood 108:3021-3026, 2006, Ophthalmology 129:955-957, 2022).

Case presentation

We present the case of a sixteen-year-old girl with LC with severe left eye involvement. We reported the clinical conditions of the patient before and after the use of topical plasminogen eye drops and described the treatment schedule allowing the surgical procedure for the pseudomembranes debulking and the subsequent use of ocular prosthesis for aesthetic rehabilitation.

Conclusions

The patient showed a progressive response to the topical plasminogen, with a complete absence of pseudomembrane formation at a twelve-year follow-up, despite using an ocular prosthesis.
Analysis of state 1—state 2 transitions by genome editing and complementation reveals a quenching component independent from the formation of PSI-LHCI-LHCII supercomplex in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Cutolo Edoardo Andrea , Caferri Roberto , Guardini Zeno , Dall’Osto Luca , Bassi Roberto
Published: August 2023

Background

The light-harvesting antennae of photosystem (PS) I and PSII are pigment-protein complexes responsible of the initial steps of sunlight conversion into chemical energy. In natural environments plants are constantly confronted with the variability of the photosynthetically active light spectrum. PSII and PSI operate in series but have different optimal excitation wavelengths. The prompt adjustment of light absorption by photosystems is thus crucial to ensure efficient electron flow needed to sustain downstream carbon fixing reactions. Fast structural rearrangements equilibrate the partition of excitation pressure between PSII and PSI following the enrichment in the red (PSII-favoring) or far-red (PSI-favoring) spectra. Redox imbalances trigger state transitions (ST), a photoacclimation mechanism which involves the reversible phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of light harvesting complex II (LHCII) proteins by the antagonistic activities of the State Transition 7 (STN7) kinase/TAP38 phosphatase enzyme pair. During ST, a mobile PSII antenna pool associates with PSI increasing its absorption cross section. LHCII consists of assorted trimeric assemblies of Lhcb1, Lhcb2 and Lhcb3 protein isoforms (LHCII), several being substrates of STN7. However, the precise roles of Lhcb phosphorylation during ST remain largely elusive.

Results

We inactivated the complete Lhcb1 and Lhcb2 gene clades in Arabidopsis thaliana and reintroduced either wild type Lhcb1.3 and Lhcb2.1 isoforms, respectively, or versions lacking N-terminal phosphorylatable residues proposed to mediate state transitions. While the substitution of Lhcb2.1 Thr-40 prevented the formation of the PSI-LHCI-LHCII complex, replacement of Lhcb1.3 Thr-38 did not affect the formation of this supercomplex, nor did influence the amplitude or kinetics of PSII fluorescence quenching upon state 1—state 2 transition.

Conclusions

Phosphorylation of Lhcb2 Thr-40 by STN7 alone accounts for ≈ 60% of PSII fluorescence quenching during state transitions. Instead, the presence of Thr-38 phosphosite in Lhcb1.3 was not required for the formation of the PSI-LHCI-LHCII supercomplex nor for re-equilibration of the plastoquinone redox state. The Lhcb2 phosphomutant was still capable of ≈ 40% residual fluorescence quenching, implying that a yet uncharacterized, STN7-dependent, component of state transitions, which is unrelated to Lhcb2 Thr-40 phosphorylation and to the formation of the PSI-LHCI-LHCII supercomplex, contributes to the equilibration of the PSI/PSII excitation pressure upon plastoquinone over-reduction.
Comparison of two handgrip dynamometers in older adults before elective surgery
Authors: Andrade Maricarmen S. , Honorato Macarena P. , Vargas Javiera P. , de los Angeles Galvez María , Rojas Mariana R.
Published: August 2023

Background

Handgrip strength is a useful measurement of muscle strength and has been proposed as a single predictor of postoperative outcomes in older adults. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation and concordance of Camry digital hand grip dynamometer (EH101) with gold standard Jamar® hydraulic handgrip dynamometer in older adults previous to elective surgery.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients ≥ 65 years old admitted to a Chilean private hospital for elective surgery between March 2018 and February 2019. Handgrip strength was assessed 2 times with each hand prior to surgery, using both the Jamar® dynamometer and the Camry digital dynamometer. The highest value of each dynamometer was used for analysis.

Results

We included a total of 220 patients (mean age 73.1 years old ± 6.3). Maximal handgrip strength averaged 26.9 kg ± 9.6 with the Camry dynamometer and 26.9 kg ± 9.7 with the Jamar® dynamometer in the right hand and 25.5 kg ± 9.5 with the Camry dynamometer and 25.7 kg ± 9.2 with the Jamar® dynamometer with the left hand. The difference between both measures did not differ significantly from 0, with Pearson correlation index of 0.95 and Lin’s concordance index of 0.95 (p < 0001). The Bland–Altman graphics show that 90% of the measures were inside the confidence limits, without systematic bias.

Conclusion

Camry digital dynamometer is an inexpensive and valid device to measure handgrip strength in older adults previous to elective surgery, compared to the gold standard Jamar® hydraulic handgrip dynamometer.
Psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the Nine Item Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Screen (NIAS) in a community sample of adults
Authors: Fekih-Romdhane Feten , Hallit Rabih , Malaeb Diana , Sakr Fouad , Dabbous Mariam , Sawma Toni , Obeid Sahar , Hallit Souheil
Published: August 2023

Background

No epidemiological data is yet available on Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) in Arab countries, which may in part be due to the lack of measures available in Arabic language. This constitutes a major obstacle to further progress of our understanding of the nature, aetiology, course, treatment, and prevention of ARFID, especially as some evidence suggested that ARFID may vary across cultures and food environments. We aimed to contribute to the literature in the eating disorders field by examining the psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the Nine Item ARFID Screen (NIAS).

Method

This was a cross-sectional, web-based study. A total of 515 Lebanese community adults (mean age of 27.55 ± 10.92 years, 69.9% females) participated. The forward–backward method was adopted to translate the NIAS from English to Arabic.

Results

Confirmatory Factor Analyses provided evidence for the adequate fit indices for the three-factor model (i.e., Picky eating, Fear, and Appetite) and the 9-item version of the NIAS. An adequate reliability of the Arabic NIAS was achieved, with McDonald’s ω ranging from .75 to .90 for the total score and all three subscores. Multi-group analyses demonstrated measurement invariance by sex (males vs. females) and weight groups (underweight/healthy weight [BMI ≤ 25] vs. overweight/obese [BMI > 25]) at the configural, metric, and scalar levels. Adequate patterns of correlations between the NIAS and measures of disordered eating symptoms, psychological distress and well-being were seen. In particular, fear was significantly associated with non-ARFID disordered eating symptoms. Appetite and Picky eating, but not Fear, were inversely correlated with well-being. All three NIAS subscores and the total score were positively correlated with psychological distress.

Conclusion

Findings provided evidence that the Arabic NIAS is a short, valid and reliable self-report measure to screen for ARFID symptoms. In light of these findings, we recommend its use for clinical and research purposes among Arabic-speaking adults.
Biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibition in sarcomas – are we close to clinical implementation?
Authors: Yiong Chin Sern , Lin Tzu Ping , Lim Vivian Yujing , Toh Tan Boon , Yang Valerie Shiwen
Published: August 2023

Sarcomas are a group of diverse and complex cancers of mesenchymal origin that remains poorly understood. Recent developments in cancer immunotherapy have demonstrated a potential for better outcomes with immune checkpoint inhibition in some sarcomas compared to conventional chemotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are key agents in cancer immunotherapy, demonstrating improved outcomes in many tumor types. However, most patients with sarcoma do not benefit from treatment, highlighting the need for identification and development of predictive biomarkers for response to ICIs. In this review, we first discuss United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved and European Medicines Agency (EMA)-approved biomarkers, as well as the limitations of their use in sarcomas. We then review eight potential predictive biomarkers and rationalize their utility in sarcomas. These include gene expression signatures (GES), circulating neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3), T cell immunoglobin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3), TP53 mutation status, B cells, and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). Finally, we discuss the potential for TLS as both a predictive and prognostic biomarker for ICI response in sarcomas to be implemented in the clinic.
Weather, sex and body condition affect post-fledging migration behaviour of the greater flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus
Authors: Scridel Davide , Pirrello Simone , Imperio Simona , Cecere Jacopo G. , Albanese Giuseppe , Andreotti Alessandro , Arveda Giovanni , Borghesi Fabrizio , La Gioia Giuseppe , Massa Luisanna , Mengoni Chiara , Micheloni Pierfrancesco , Mucci Nadia , Nardelli Riccardo , Nissardi Sergio , Volponi Stefano , Zucca Carla , Serra Lorenzo
Published: August 2023

Background

Understanding which intrinsic and extrinsic factors dictate decision-making processes such as leaving the natal area or not (migratory vs resident strategy), departure time, and non-breeding destination are key-issues in movement ecology. This is particularly relevant for a partially migratory meta-population in which only some individuals migrate.

Methods

We investigated these decision making-processes for 40 juvenile greater flamingosPhoenicopterus roseusfledged in three Mediterranean colonies and equipped with GPS-GSM devices.

Results

Contrary to the body size and the dominance hypotheses, juveniles in better body condition were more likely to migrate than those in worse conditions, which opted for a residence strategy. Flamingo probability of departure was not associated with an increase in local wind intensity, but rather with the presence of tailwinds with departure limited to night-time mostly when the wind direction aligned with the migratory destination. Moreover, a positive interaction between tailwind speed and migration distance suggested that juveniles opted for stronger winds when initiating long-distance journeys. In contrast to previous studies, the prevailing seasonal winds were only partially aligned with the migratory destination, suggesting that other factors (e.g., adults experience in mix-aged flocks, availability of suitable foraging areasen route, density-dependence processes) may be responsible for the distribution observed at the end of the first migratory movement. We found potential evidence of sex-biased timing of migration with females departing on average 10 days later and flyingca.10 km/h faster than males. Female flight speed, but not male one, was positively influenced by tailwinds, a pattern most likely explained by sexual differences in mechanical power requirements for flight (males beingca.20% larger than females). Furthermore, juveniles considerably reduced their flight speeds after 400 km from departure, highlighting a physiological threshold, potentially linked to mortality risks when performing long-distance non-stop movements.

Conclusion

These results suggest that not only intrinsic factors such as individual conditions and sex, but also extrinsic factors like weather, play critical roles in triggering migratory behaviour in a partially migratory metapopulation. Furthermore, social factors, including conspecific experience, should be taken into consideration when evaluating the adaptive processes underlying migration phenology, flight performance, and final destination selection.
Simultaneous equatorial plasma bubble observation using amplitude scintillations from GNSS and LEO satellites in low-latitude region
Authors: Seechai Khanitin , Myint Lin Min Min , Hozumi Kornyanat , Nishioka Michi , Saito Susumu , Yamamoto Mamoru , Supnithi Pornchai
Published: August 2023

This study estimates the scale sizes of the plasma density irregularities and the longitudinal width associated with equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) in equatorial and low-latitude regions. By analyzing amplitude scintillation S4 indices and total electron content (TEC) measured from low earth orbit (LEO) satellite’s beacon signals with 400 MHz and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) L1/E1 signals with 1575.42 MHz, recorded by receivers at the KMITL station in Bangkok, Thailand (geographic; 13.73° N, 100.77°E, magnetic: 7.26°N), we investigate the characteristics of these irregularities. We collected data of 154 LEO satellite pass events during nighttime on 21 disturbed days in four equinoctial months in 2021. Based on the presence or absence of the scintillation effects on GNSS and LEO beacon signals, the events are categorized into four classes to estimate the scale size of the plasma density irregularities. The analysis suggests that events with both GNSS and LEO scintillations, as well as events with GNSS scintillation alone, occur predominantly before midnight assuming the presence of the small-scale size of the irregularities within EPB. However, events with only LEO scintillation occur throughout the whole night and some events are observed before the events with both GNSS and LEO scintillations. Post-sunset LEO scintillation alone may be attributed to the onset of EPBs developing at low altitude, while post-midnight LEO scintillation events near the magnetic equator, observed during periods of low GNSS Rate of TEC Index (ROTI) values, are associated with bottom-side ionospheric irregularities but are not linked with EPB. The findings are consistent with previous researches on the generation and decay of electron density irregularities within plasma bubbles. However, this study provides new insights by using specific data sets and analysis techniques, offering a more comprehensive understanding of the association of LEO scintillations with bottom-side ionospheric irregularities near the magnetic equator, not observed in the ROTI map.

Graphical Abstract
A resected case of acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas with liver metastasis following chemotherapy using modified FOLFIRINOX
Authors: Yamada Shuhei , Motegi Haruka , Kurihara Yoshiki , Shimbo Tomonori , Kikuchi Isao , Wakabayashi Toshiki , Sato Tsutomu
Published: August 2023

Background

Acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas is a rare exocrine malignancy representing less than 1% of all pancreatic neoplasms. It has been reported that it responds to treatment differently from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and the treatment algorithm for acinar cell carcinoma usually depends on the stage of the respective tumor and the patient’s current status.

Case presentation

A 60-year-old man presented with upper abdominal pain and anorexia. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a large-sized hepatic mass and he was referred to our hospital. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography demonstrated a 110-mm low-density area occupying the right hemi-liver and an enhanced mass of 70 × 56 mm in the tail of the pancreas, which seemed to directly infiltrate into the spleen. The case was diagnosed as acinar cell carcinoma with a simultaneous liver metastasis identified by liver biopsy. Upfront resection of pancreatic cancer with distant metastasis might not be considered as an optimal choice, and in this case chemotherapy was administered prior to curative resection. Chemotherapy using the modified FOLFIRINOX regimen was undertaken, resulting in a partial remission; the liver tumor reduced in size from 110 to 47 mm and the pancreatic tumor from 70 to 40 mm. The patient then safely underwent curative hepatic resection with distal pancreato-splenectomy. Histological examinations revealed small-sized atypical cells with large nuclei that had formed acinar patterns, and immunostaining with trypsin was positive in tumor cells, which was in accordance with acinar cell carcinoma. More than 3 years later, the patient is doing well without any recurrence.

Conclusion

Aggressive and curative surgery in combination with chemotherapy such as FOLFIRINOX could be a treatment option to achieve long-term survival in cases of acinar cell carcinoma with liver metastases.
Measuring situational factors in theory of attribution to consumer attitudes towards unlawful disposal of solid waste products in Ghana with special reference to Sunyani: a mediation and moderation analysis
Authors: Yeboah Abraham , Owusu-Frimpong Nana , Agyekum Ofosu , Owusu-Prempeh Vida
Published: August 2023

Consumer attitudes towards the unlawful disposal of solid waste products in Ghana, particularly Sunyani, continue to be a challenge. The study is based on the attribution theory. A sample size of seven hundred and twenty-seven (727) was selected through convenience sampling. Data collected were analysed using the covariance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM) technique with AMOS v24. The results revealed that three factors of task difficulty, luck and feelings under the situational factors were considered. Based on these three factors, two variables were found to be significantly related to the unlawful disposal of solid waste products, namely luck and feelings. The study also assessed media channel type as a mediator in the relationship between situational factors and unlawful disposal of solid waste products. Furthermore, the study evaluated consumer identity as a moderator of the interaction effect in the relationship between feelings and unlawful disposal of solid waste products. The media channel type as a mediator and consumer identity as a moderator were significant towards the unlawful disposal of solid waste products. This paper is pioneering, in that it generates the effects of using the theory of attribution and some intervening variables conceptualized in the context of solid waste product disposal towards unlawful disposal of solid waste products in Sunyani at the micro-level. This area is relevant to scholars, marketing-oriented firms and brand practitioners, who will be aided to lead the advocacy for the consumer solid waste product disposals starting from the point of sales in consumer buying behaviour.
What Influences the Decision to Proceed to Transplant for Patients With AML in First Remission?
Authors: DeWolf Susan , Tallman Martin S. , Rowe Jacob M. , Salman Meira Yisraeli
Published: August 2023

Although allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) remains the backbone of curative treatment for the majority of fit adults diagnosed with AML, there is indeed a subset of patients for whom long-term remission may be achieved without transplantation. Remarkable changes in our knowledge of AML biology in recent years has transformed the landscape of diagnosis, management, and treatment of AML. Specifically, markedly increased understanding of molecular characteristics of AML, the expanded application of minimal/measurable residual diseases testing, and an increased armamentarium of leukemia-directed therapeutic agents have created a new paradigm for the medical care of patients with AML. An attempt is herein made to decipher the decision to proceed to transplant for patients with AML in first complete remission on the basis of the current best available evidence. The focus is on factors affecting the biology and treatment of AML itself, rather than on variables related to allo-HCT, an area characterized by significant advancements that have reduced overall therapy-related complications. This review seeks to focus on areas of particular complexity, while simultaneously providing clarity on how our current knowledge and treatment strategies may, or may not, influence the decision to pursue allo-HCT in patients with AML.
A symmetry perspective of the Riemann zeros
Authors: Kalauni Pushpa , Panigrahi Prasanta K.
Published: August 2023

We study the relationship between the zeros of the Riemann zeta function and physical systems exhibiting supersymmetry, PT symmetry and SU(2) group symmetry. Our findings demonstrate that unbroken supersymmetry is associated with the presence of non-trivial zeros of the zeta function. However, for other cases, supersymmetry is spontaneously broken and the ground-state energy of the system is not zero. Moreover, we have established the manifestation of PT symmetry invariance within our supersymmetric system. In addition, our findings provide insights into a SU(2) symmetry that arises within these systems, with the Hilbert space having two-level structure.
Computational modelling of bionano interface
Authors: Lobaskin V. , Subbotina J. , Rouse I.
Published: August 2023

The interface between inorganic and biological materials plays a crucial role in vital technological applications ranging from food processing and cosmetics to medicine but presents enormous technical challenges for computational modellers. These challenges stem from both conceptual and technical roots: the lengthscale and timescale gaps between the essential interactions and the properties of interest and the differences between the models of inorganic and biological materials. Research efforts of the last decade have led to significant advances in computational modelling of the bionano interface and allowed the construction of quantitative predictive models for both the structure of this interface and material functionalities based on descriptors obtained from the interface. In this work, we discuss advances in the field of bionano interface modelling and outline the directions of its further development.
Increased Risk of Thyroid Eye Disease Following Covid-19 Vaccination
Authors: Muller Ilaria , Consonni Dario , Crivicich Erica , Di Marco Francesco , Currò Nicola , Salvi Mario
Published: August 2023

Context

SARS-CoV-2 infection and Covid-19 vaccines have been associated with thyroid disorders.

Objective

We analyzed the risk of thyroid eye disease (TED) following Covid-19 vaccination. This was a self-controlled case series study at a tertiary referral center for TED. A total of 98 consecutive patients with newly developed (n = 92) or reactivated (n = 6) TED occurring between January 1, 2021, and August 31, 2022, were included. TED was assessed in patients undergoing Covid-19 vaccination. Person-days were defined as exposed if TED occurred 1 to 28 days after vaccination, and unexposed if occurring outside this time window. Conditional Poisson regression models were fitted to calculate incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% CI of exposed vs unexposed. Sensitivity analyses were conducted considering different exposed periods, and effect modification by potential TED risk factors.

Results

Covid-19 vaccines were administered in 81 people, 25 (31%) of whom developed TED in exposed and 56 (69%) in unexposed periods. The IRR for TED was 3.24 (95% CI 2.01-5.20) and 4.70 (95% CI 2.39-9.23) in patients below 50 years of age. Sex, smoking, and radioiodine treatment did not modify the association between TED and vaccination. TED risk was unrelated to the number of vaccine doses, and progressively decreased over time following vaccination (P trend = .03).

Conclusion

The risk of TED was significantly increased after Covid-19 vaccination, especially in people below 50 years of age. Possible mechanisms include spike protein interaction with the angiotensin-converting enzyme II receptor, cross-reactivity with thyroid self-proteins, and immune reactions induced by adjuvants. We suggest monitoring of individuals undergoing Covid-19 vaccination, especially if young and at risk for autoimmunity.
Belle da Costa Greene and the Undoing of “Medieval” Studies
Authors: Lomuto Sierra
Published: August 2023

This essay outlines the current challenges facing medieval studies by focusing on the deployment of “medieval” as a category for knowledge production. It argues that as the field confronts white supremacist medievalism and pushes for a global turn, it exposes the unsustainability of the epistemologies, methodologies, and discourses that have buttressed the formation of the “medieval.” Through an analysis of the “global medieval” archive that Belle da Costa Greene curated at the Morgan Library, this essay also demonstrates how Orientalism still lurks within the global Middle Ages. The essay concludes with an introduction of the ten essays included in this special journal issue, all of which show the ways our push for epistemological progress ultimately undoes medieval studies and other disciplinary formations that have held—or been held by—it.
Race, Medieval Studies, and Disciplinary Boundaries
Authors: Miyashiro Adam
Published: August 2023

Debates in medieval studies about race and the global Middle Ages parallel past debates in comparative literature. Both comparative literature and medieval studies struggle with their Eurocentric origins while simultaneously trying to negotiate a non-Eurocentric approach to their respective disciplinary boundaries. While trying to globalize medieval studies, medievalists have remained in disciplinary silos, especially in regard to a transnational and transtemporal understanding of race. This article's author argues that a comparative approach to periodization, rather than holding onto a concept of the “medieval,” is a more productive way to understand premodern race.
A two-sector intertemporal optimizing model of capital accumulation and external indebtedness
Authors: Nunes Luiz Paulo Marinho
Published: August 2023

An intertemporal optimizing model for a small open economy is developed to study the dynamic interaction between capital accumulation and external indebtedness and the steady-state relation between the size of the capital stock and the level of external indebtedness. The analysis shows that in a context of growth, persistent current-account imbalances may result as the outcome of optimal behavior on the part of intertemporal maximizing agents. However, it is shown that by incurring external debt to partially finance its gro wth effort, the economy places itself on a constrained growth path that ultimately affects the optimal level of the steady-state capital stock.
Time-Dependent or State-Dependent Pricing? Evidence From a Large Devaluation
Authors: Guimaraes Bernardo , Feltrin Jr Celio
Published: August 2023

State-dependent and time-dependent price setting models yield distinct implications for how frequency and magnitude of price changes react to shocks. This note studies pricing behavior in Brazil following the large devaluation of the Brazilian Real in 1999 to distinguish between models. The results are consistent with state-dependent pricing.
As universidades públicas brasileiras no contexto da pandemia: iniciativas e parcerias no enfrentamento da covid-19
Authors: Almeida Lindijane de Souza Bento , Silveira Raquel Maria da Costa , Silva Brunno Costa do Nascimento , De Queiroz João Victor Rocha , Oliveira Pedro Henrique Correia do Nascimento de
Published: August 2023

No contexto da pandemia provocada pelo novo coronavírus, os governos adotaram medidas para a prevenção e o combate à Covid-19. Nesse cenário, diversos atores sociais apresentaram contribuições para o enfrentamento da doença. Dentre essas ações, podem ser destacadas aquelas adotadas pelas universidades públicas brasileiras. Tais ações demonstram a importância das universidades na gestão de crises, visto que o conhecimento científico produzido se tornou o principal fundamento para as estratégias de enfrentamento implementadas por governos estaduais e municipais no Brasil. Diante do exposto, o presente estudo objetivou compreender a atuação das universidades públicas no Brasil no contexto de pandemia provocada pela Covid-19, com destaque para a Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), em razão da sua intensa atuação, apoio e, principalmente, parcerias efetivadas com o poder público estadual. Metodologicamente, foram adotados os procedimentos de pesquisa bibliográfica e o levantamento e a sistematização das ações das universidades públicas federais e, especificamente, da UFRN. Os resultados constatam que, a partir da relação estabelecida entre o governo do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte e a UFRN, há indícios de elementos que podem contribuir para o estabelecimento de uma governança colaborativa.
Sex Work, Sex Workers and Forms of Inequality: A Policy Brief
Authors: Tsertekidis Georgios
Published: August 2023

Sex work has always been here. It has many types and expressions. According to existing scholarship, sex work is associated with a variety of inequalities. Evidence from academic literature shows that, worldwide, sex workers face serious inequalities with severe effects on their lives. Through this policy brief, inequalities are classified by context in some main categories. Social, economic, racial/ethnic, gender, age and “beauty” as well as health inequalities, as demonstrated by international literature, plague sex workers at a global scale. Taking all the above into account, conclusions are drawn and possible solutions are recommended for the mitigation and -if possible- elimination of these inequalities, utilizing means at a local, national and international scale.
The European Union towards Cohesion Challenges: What’s the Next Step?
Authors: Mouriki Athanasia
Published: August 2023

Considering the important percentage of the annual budget spent on cohesion policy, this policy brief examines what it’s the cohesion policy of the EU, the problems the Union is facing in this domain and the actions that have been taken. Cohesion policy’s is aiming to eliminate imbalances between countries and regions. Nevertheless, a variety of issues observed on the achievement of this objection are being analyzed in this policy paper. The East-West divide, the North-South divide and the disparities between urban centers (capitals or large cities) and rural areas are the most severe issues. The “New Cohesion Policy 2021-2027” is trying to give concrete solutions. This policy brief recommends: More financial support, monitoring, spread the spirit of a united EU, avoid stigmatizing member states, and turning cohesion policy into an exclusive EU competence.