bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapeamento do conhecimento dos acadêmicos de medicina acerca da acupuntura
Authors: Franco Ana Paula Gebert de Oliveira , Costa Isabel Ziesemer , Namba Mário Massatomo , Bauer Luiz Antônio De Ridder , Filho Edmar Stevien , Camilotti Bárbara Maria
Published: May 2016

Objetivo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar o conhecimento e o interesse dos acadêmicos de medicina de uma instituição de ensino superior de Curitiba acerca da acupuntura por meio de um questionário. Analisar se  a idade dos indivíduos, e o ciclo de formação, interfere no interesse acerca da acupuntura. Métodos: Foram selecionados 400 alunos do curso de medicina da Faculdade Evangélica do Paraná. O pesquisador elaborou um questionário com 19 perguntas que foram aplicadas aos sujeitos da pesquisa. Os alunos responderam de forma voluntária o questionário. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por valores de média e desvio padrão. Posteriormente foi aplicada a análise estatística por meio do teste t Student para análise dos dois grupos de idade. Para os três grupos foi utilizada a ANOVA um fator e para análise qualitativa o teste do Qui-quadrado ou de Fischer(p<0,05). Resultados: 70% dos alunos apresentaram interesse pela acupuntura. Alunos do ciclo clínico/internato têm maior propensão (48,98%)a optarem por fazer uma especialização em Acupuntura que os alunos do ciclo básico (27,50%) (p=0,016). 78,72% dos alunos que não decidiram pela especialização em acupuntura apresentaram interesse pelo conhecimento da mesma. Conclusão: A inclusão da acupuntura como disciplina eletiva do currículo básico da medicina é relevante.
Editorial
Authors: Carvalho Mauricio
Published: May 2016

Estamos trazendo a vocês, caros leitores, o último número de 2015 da RMU, a edição 4 do nosso segundo ano de existência. Temos que admitir que vencer o desafio da periodicidade é difícil. Muitas vezes os artigos surgem em um verdadeiro “corpo a corpo” do editores com os “potenciais autores, os suspeitos usuais” de nosso meio acadêmico.Precisamos melhorar! Um exemplo: a Scientific Electronic Library Online – SciELO, biblioteca eletrônica que abrange uma coleção selecionada de periódicos científicos brasileiros, exige para indexação em sua base a publicação periódica de aproximadamente 12 artigos originais por edição. A média da RMU nestes dois anos foi de 3 a 4 artigos originais por edição. Existem motivos para nos mantermos otimistas. Por exemplo, os Anais dos Trabalhos de Conclusão do Curso de Medicina (TCC) da UFPR, em sua 5ª edição, registraram 51 resumos de trabalhos, 16 deles realizados no Departamento de Clínica Médica. A RMU tem como vocação primária ser o instrumento de divulgação destes artigos.Neste número gostaríamos de destacar a experiência do SEMPR (Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia da UFPR) no tratamento do hiperparatireoidismo primário, em uma comparação entre o tratamento clínico e o cirúrgico. Do mesmo grupo, um relato de caso, em que foi necessária a cateterização do seio petroso inferior, retrata a dificuldade do diagnóstico da síndrome de Cushing ACTH dependente, particularmente em nosso meio, onde este procedimento ainda não é disponível rotineiramente. E na seção Journal Club, um resumo de um dos mais importantes artigos deste ano: o estudo START. Publicado no New England Journal of Medicine, causou uma mudança de paradigma no tratamento dos portadores do vírus HIV.Boa leitura, um bom final de ano e um feliz 2016,
IMPACTO DO ESTUDO START - O INÍCIO DE UMA NOVA ERA NO TRATAMENTO DO HIV
Authors: Jardim Bruno Araújo , Carvalho Maurício , Da Silva Mônica Maria Gomes
Published: May 2016

Até recentemente, existia grande debate sobre o melhor momento para se iniciar terapia antirretroviral (TARV) em pacientes com infecção por HIV. Evidências apontavam para o início de TARV somente para pacientes com contagem de CD4+ menor que 500 células/mm³. O estudo START, um ensaio clínico randomizado multicêntrico publicado em agosto de 2015, buscou responder quais os aspectos positivos e os negativos do início precoce de TARV (início do tratamento em pacientes com contagem de CD4+ maior que 500 células/mm³) em relação ao seu início tardio (contagem de CD4+ menor ou igual a 350 células/mm³), em pacientes adultos com HIV. Este ensaio clínico mostrou benefícios do início precoce de TARV quanto a eventos sérios relacionados ou não à AIDS em comparação ao grupo com início tardio de TARV, sem evidência de aumento estatisticamente significativo de efeitos adversos no primeiro grupo. Os resultados do estudo levaram a Organização Mundial da Saúde a recomendar início de TARV para todos os adultos com infecção por HIV, fato que deve acarretar uma grande mobilização para que se alcance o objetivo do tratamento global dos pacientes com HIV.
“A Randomized Trial of Standard Versus Intensive Blood Pressure Control”- The SPRINT trial
Authors: Rosario Bernardo Augusto , Mayer Bruna Loise , Carvalho Mauricio
Published: May 2016

Apesar da hipertensão arterial sistêmica ser uma condição muito prevalente, a meta pressórica a ser atingida ainda permanece incerta. O estudo SPRINT comparou o controle pressórico mais intensivo (pressão sistólica menor que 120 mmHg) versus o controle habitual (pressão sistólica menor que 140 mmHg). Neste trabalho, houve redução significativa de eventos cerebro e cardiovasculares e também de mortalidade no grupo de tratamento intensivo. Entretanto, esta redução foi associada a maior incidência de eventos adversos.
CUIDADOS PALIATIVOS EM CONDIÇÕES NEUROLÓGICAS AGUDAS
Authors: Scavasine Valeria C.
Published: May 2016

Pacientes neurológicos terminais apresentam sintomas específicos e requerem cuidados paliativos específicos. Certas condições abruptas, como o Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE) e Traumatismo Crânio-Encefálico (TCE), levam a uma ruptura súbita com o estilo de vida anterior do paciente e dificuldade de compreensão da família e da equipe sobre a gravidade do quadro e prognóstico. Mesmo quando a terminalidade da vida não está evidente, diante de uma condição de saúde irreversível, sem possibilidade de resposta a um tratamento específico, a equipe médica deve considerar a introdução de cuidados paliativos, visando a promover conforto, qualidade de vida e dignidade ao paciente e seus familiares.
INTERPRETANDO O LÍQUOR – COMO DADOS EPIDEMIOLÓGICOS PODEM AJUDAR NO RACIOCÍNIO CLÍNICO
Authors: Machado de Almeida BM , Targa CR , Batista CG , Farias FC , Oliveria JM , Gonçalves LA , Fernandes MK , Souza RH , De Medeiros AR
Published: May 2016

Introdução: A meningite bacteriana sofreu grandes mudanças epidemiológicas após a introdução dos antibióticos e vacinas, passando de uma condição letal para tratável e prevenível. Compreender essas mudanças no perfil epidemiológico em nível local permitem planejar estratégias de terapia empírica. As alterações de líquor possuem papel fundamental nessa avaliação. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo transversal dos casos notificados de meningite entre janeiro de 2010 e junho de 2015 no Complexo Hospital de Clínicas – Universidade Federal do Paraná. Foram analisados a celularidade e citologia do líquor e os agentes etiológicos. Para as etiologias bacterianas, foi avaliado dados epidemiológicos. Resultados: Foram notificados 504 casos de meningite no período avaliado. A meningite asséptica foi a classificação epidemiológica mais comum. As meningites bacterianas com confirmação etiológica causadas por Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae ou Haemophilus influenzae ocorreram em 8,7% dos casos notificados, sendo que 30% delas ocorreram em menores de 1 ano. A N. meningitidis correspondeu a 61% desses casos, enquanto que S. pneumoniae a 34%. As meningites neutrofílicas com mais de 75% de neutrófilos são causadas por tais bactérias em mais da metade (53%). A meningite asséptica é a segunda principal etiologia (20%) seguida de perto pela meningite tuberculosa (17%). Os casos de meningite meningocócica se concentram em crianças até 1 ano (56% dos casos), a meningite pneumocócica se concentra nos adultos entre 18 e 50 anos (46%) e idosos (27%). Conclusões: O conhecimento da epidemiologia local através da interpretação do líquor, somada à avaliação da faixa etária são importantes aliados da avaliação clínica para determinação do agente etiológico mais provável e podem ajudar na decisão terapêutica.
Gota: uma revisão
Authors: Santos Felipe
Published: May 2016

Gota é uma artrite inflamatória que atinge cerca de 4% da população, em especial homens de meia-idade. Sua fisiopatologia envolve a deposição de cristais de urato e inflamação. Novas descobertas acerca dos mecanismos da inflamação levaram ao desenvolvimento de novas medicações que trazem novas perspectivas para o tratamento da gota. Porém, a aderência continua sendo um dos maiores inconvenientes no tratamento dos pacientes.
Developing EFL Learner’s Speaking Ability, Accuracy and Fluency
Authors: Derakhshan Ali , Khalili Atefeh Nadi , Beheshti Fatima
Published: May 2016

The significant care and the globalization of English have been caused broad demand for good English-speaking skills in various realms. The evidence manifested that some features of speaking abilities are amenable to instruction in the second or foreign language classroom (Derakhshan, Tahery, & Mirarab, 2015). In spite of the verified evidence in speaking, there are still debates over English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ speaking ability and approaches. Therefore, the present paper aimed to provide readers with interesting materials, empowering activities such as imitation, responsive, intensive extensive performance, transactional dialogue, and interpersonal dialogue to improve their speaking abilities. In addition, the EFL learners can boost their speaking ability by utilizing various instruments such as, role play, videos, flash cards, and graphs. Furthermore, this paper takes into account the significant components and keys to improve speaking competence accurately and fluently. To this goal, language teachers have vital roles in creating appropriate environment in the classroom that encourages both children and adults to firstly take part in classroom conversations and then, facilitate opportunities to keep doing it outside of the classroom. Thus, it is beneficial for both children and adults. Finally, this paper reviews some empirical studies to clarify the effectiveness of various methods and approaches to promote the speaking skill accurately and fluently.
O PROCESSO DE CONSTRUÇÃO E IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DAS DIRETRIZES CURRICULARES ESTADUAIS DE GEOGRAFIA NO PARANÁ
Authors: Mormul Najla Mehanna , Girotto Eduardo Donizeti , Francischett Mafalda Nesi , Leme Rosana Cristina Biral
Published: May 2016

O presente artigo aponta os resultados da pesquisa desenvolvida pelos membros do Grupo de Pesquisa de Ensino de Geografia (GPEG), da UNIOESTE- Campus Francisco Beltrão/PR, que analisou o processo de construção e implementação das Diretrizes Curriculares Estaduais de Geografia no Paraná (DCEs). A pesquisa foi realizada na cidade de Francisco Beltrão, por meio de entrevistas com vinte e sete (27) professores de Geografia atuantes nas escolas estaduais do município. A partir dos dados, foi possível verificar que a participação dos professores na construção das (DCEs) ocorreu de forma representativa, sendo que a finalização da proposta contou com um número pequeno de docentes da rede estadual. Após a publicação, não houve políticas para a implementação da proposta, o que tem dificultado a apropriação da proposta pelos professores. Por isso, indicamos a ampliação da política de formação continuada com o intuito de produzir um efetivo processo de implementação das DCEs-PR. Palavras-chave: ensino de Geografia, diretrizes curriculares, Paraná. DOI: 10.5902/2236499413913
A COMPOSIÇÃO ESPACIAL DAS RÁDIOS LIVRES: TRAJETÓRIAS, LUGARES E ESCALAS
Authors: Fedel André De Souza , Nabozny Almir
Published: May 2016

Este artigo busca compreender o modo como o espaço geográfico constitui as rádios livres, apresentando resultados de uma pesquisa concluída. Sua metodologia compreendeu um levantamento bibliográfico por meio do qual se interpretou a história do movimento social de rádios livres, suas relações com o Estado e outros movimentos sociais de democratização da comunicação. Em seguida, realizaram-se estudos de caso com integrantes de três rádios livres localizadas no estado de São Paulo, com entrevistas e trabalhos de campo. Pode-se entender que a espacialidade das rádios livres, produzida pelas múltiplas trajetórias dos integrantes, proporciona a formação de lugares do acontecer solidário, em que os sujeitos dialogam sobre uma infinidade de temas marginalizados e realizam atividades de cunho formativo cotidianamente, oportunizando uma produção da escala geográfica diferenciada, bem como uma distribuição da técnica de maneira crítica.  Palavras-chave:  espaço, rádio livre, lugares, escala DOI: 10.5902/2236499420399
Peer relationships: Differences considering intellectual abilities and age
Authors: Jelić Marija
Published: May 2016

Problems with peers are more common among children with intellectual disabilities (ID) than typical development (TD) children. As a lack of research in this field states the heterogeneity of the samples in relation to the level of disability and age, which is important for the ability to plan preventive programs and targeted interventions. The aim of this study was to examine the association between intellectual status and age with peer relationships. The study included 206 students aged 12 to 18 years, of which 76 with mild ID and 130 TD. Peer relationships were measured by Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory (compromise, problem solving, yielding, avoidance and domination) and by The Strenghts and Difficulties Questionnaires, subscale Problems with peers, form for teachers. The main findings showed that students with mild ID have more problems with peers than TD students. Unlike TD students, students with mild IO at secondary school more often yielding and avoidance conflicts. At later age dominance is less frequent in both groups of students, and problem solving and compromise are statistically more frequent in students with mild ID group than in TD peers group. It was concluded that negative social experience of young people with mild ID simultaneously motivate to constructive and destructive ways of resolving conflicts.
Microtoponymy of Berkovo village near Prekoruplje
Authors: Jašović Golub
Published: May 2016

This paper deals with the microtoponymy of the Berkovo village, which is situated on the left bank of Beli drim, in the area called Prekoruplje. Its accurate location is between Ozdrim and Pećka Bistrica confluence with the Drim. Research materials have been recorded by interviewing locals in the year of 1997 (Orthodox Serbs and Catholic Albanians). Some of the entries that are used in this paper, concerning village Berkovo, are taken from the work of Mileta Bukumirić called Onomastic of Prekoruplje (second part). The paper was published in Belgrade in the Onomatology contributions in 1982.
Herak Milošević: A cramer from Maleševac
Authors: Pekić Radmilo
Published: May 2016

In medieval time cramers represented one of the most important links in transport of goods and services. It is widely known that in Middle Ages goods were transported in caravans through land roads. Because of the transport medieval merchants made deals with organisers of caravans called 'cramers' or chiefs. The Cramers took responsibility to come at the specified time with a certain number of people and pack animals to load and transport the goods, sometimes passengers , to a specific destination. Organisors of caravans transport in medieval Dubrovnik most often were Vlachs-cattlemen, settled in nearby hinterland in the area of todays Herzegovina. Since their basic occupation was cattle breeding, they disposed with a large number of pack animals, necessary for transport. Numerous record of caravan trade and Vlachs cramers remained in the archives of Dubrovnik where, among others, the proud people of a mountain settlement Maleševac were distinguished. Based on published and unpublished material from the Dubrovnik's archives and relevant literature, this work presents the caravan trade of a prominent cramer, Herak Milošević from Maleševac. Systemizing numerous data about the mentioned cramer, we endeavored to complement the current knowledge about caravan trade and Vlachs from Maleševac.
Notes on ancient topography of Moesia Superior based on Roman itineraries (several examples from the province of Kosovo and Metohija)
Authors: Samardžić Gligor
Published: May 2016

The paper considers the data about the problems of locating road stations and road communications in the province of Kosovo and Metohija. Researchers' opinions about their locations differ. The basis of successful research of ancient road communications and settlements in the province of Moesia Superior is provided by written source materials and material remains. What is especially significant are the data from Tabula Peutingeriana, Ptolemy's Geography and Anonymous Geographer from Ravenna, inscriptions, settlements and other material remnants. Archaeological findings point to the fact that Roman road network and settlements were developed in this area. Furthermore, the paper presents data concerning new observations about the remains of the road and settlements from this area. Due to data from written historical sources i.e. itineraries, and closer inspection of the terrain, we find out that in the area of Moesia Superior (The Province of Kosovo and Metohija) road stations on the main travel route Lissum-Naissus, namely Gabuho, Theranda, Viciano, Vindenis, and Ad Fines were drawn. Data from ancient cartographic sources as well as the results of archaeological research of road communications in the Province of Kosovo and Metohija, in addition to significant facts that were presented, have not given a complete picture of the location of Roman travel routs and stations. However, on the basis of the abovementioned written sources which reveal the distance among road station, and due to material remains i.e. data from the area (saved road segments and milestones), marked routes of Roman road communications with road stations in the Province of Kosovo and Metohija were determined, which partly contributed to the ancient topography of this area being well known.
Interpretation of the icon of Three-handed Virgin Mary of the St. Trinity church in Karan
Authors: Andrejić Živojin
Published: May 2016

In the church devoted to Presentation of Virgin Mary in Karan there is a monumental fresco icon preserved until today representing Three-handed Virgin Mary, the one of a kind in Byzantine Orthodox style. This icon can be a good model for reconstructing the icon of the same name in the church devoted to Three-handed Virgin Mary in Skoplje in which her cult was established as late as in1204 and renewed by the Serbian king Milutin in 1300. The nun in the deep bow showed in the painting by the legs of Three-handed Virgin Mary in White Church in Karan is the patron of the painting located in a niche formed in a subsequently partitioned south arcade of the iconostatis about the year 1354. The painting of the Three-handed Virgin Mary is related to the fact that the church in Karan was later dedicated to her and obviously connected to an important event during the reign of emperor Dusan. It can also be speculated that it was because of making the church of Three-handed Virgin Mary the seat of the Skopje diocese and its raising to the rank of metropolis of the first degree by emperor Dusan in 1346, presumably on June 28. The church could have memorised a major event related to emperor Dusan and his father, possibly on June 28, 1355 when he successfully ended the war against Hungarian king Ludwig I. There is also a possibility that it was devoted to the day when the daughter of prefect Brian was made a nun in the monastery in Karan in which she would spend the rest of her life and be buried as well, according to her own will and intention. Revealing the tomb in front of Three-handed Virgin Mary confirms the funerary purpose of this fresco icon. The painting of the Virgin Mary's third hand was made according to the universal understanding of the Son by the Mother 'You are my other (left) hand'. The three-handedness of Virgin Mary has its analogy in the three-headed representations of archangels and Christ in the Eastern-orthodox areas as a way of giving praise to one aspect of St. Trinity. The Three-handed Virgin Mary symbolises one specific aspect of the triple divine power of St. Trinity embodied through Christ. The confirmation for sanctification of St. Trinity church in Karan are also huge get-togethers held on Rosulje by the port of the church from 18th-20th century during the Spirits - 'the second day of the St. Trinity's holiday'. The churches and the names of the places nearby - Rosulje, Rusalija, Rusinica, Ruzica - clearly imply on the long gone monasteries and churches devoted to St. Trinity. The Day of Three-handed Virgin Mary is was celebrated on June 28th in the middle-ages, but for some unknown reasons, people stopped celebrating it. It also disappeared from the orthodox church's calendar. The reason might be switching to celebrating St. Trinity.
Discourse of simulacra in Kovacević's drama Balkan Spy
Authors: Milojević Snežana
Published: May 2016

This paper is based on a reading of the famous Dušan Kovačević's drama Balkan Spy, contextualized by postulates of simulacra. The starting point for finding symbols that corresponded to the system of the non-referent world (and each such system creates its own reality, and proceeds from its own frame in which it must be interpreted) is a book of Jean Baudrillard 'Simulacrum and Simulation'. Through chapters that accentuate simulacrum-like phenomena for proving the actual through imaginary and cloned, as well as defining the world of literary text as a kind of Disneyland, it becomes evident soundness of this idea that confirms the quality of this drama.
НЕКА ОБЕЛЕЖЈА НАЦИОНАЛНОГ СИСТЕМА БЕЗБЕДНОСТИ САВРЕМЕНИХ ДРЖАВА
Authors: Мијалковски Милан
Published: May 2016

Опстанак државе вишеструко зависи од тога колико је безбедна и како се такво стање може остварити. Успешност или неуспешност њене борбе за опстанак зависи од количине раположиве моћи и начина њеног коришћења. Коришћење националне моћи подразумева способност државе да планским и рационалним ангажовањем својих ресурса производи промене у унутрашњем (интеракција између институција и грађана у оквиру своје територије) и спољнем амбијенту (интеракција са субјектима у свом окружењу ван својих граница), које у синтетизованом смислу обезбеђују њен опстанак иодрживи развој. У складу с наведеним, држава успоставља неопходан број макросистема (политички, економски, безбедносни, образовни и др.), а сваког одњих сачињавају бројни микросистеми на више нивоа. Реч је о сложеним, динамичким и хијерархијским системима који су део вишег (државног) система који остварују конкретан циљ. Управо о томе говори овај рад.
Epitaxial growth of β-FeSi2 thin films on Si(111) substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering and their application to near-infrared photodetection
Authors: Promros Nathaporn , Baba Ryuji , Takahara Motoki , Mostafa Tarek M. , Sittimart Phongsaphak , Shaban Mahmoud , Yoshitake Tsuyoshi
Published: May 2016

β-FeSi2 thin films were epitaxially grown on p-type Si(111) substrates at a substrate temperature of 560 °C and Ar pressure of 2.66 × 10−1 Pa by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering (RFMS) using a sintered FeSi2 target, without postannealing. The resultant n-type β-FeSi2/p-type Si heterojunctions were evaluated as near-infrared photodiodes. Three epitaxial variants of β-FeSi2 were confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The heterojunctions exhibited typical rectifying action at room temperature. At 300 K, the heterojunctions showed a substantial leakage current and minimal response for irradiation of near-infrared light. At 50 K, the leakage current was markedly reduced and the ratio of the photocurrent to dark current was considerably enhanced. The detectivity at 50 K was estimated to be 3.0 × 1011 cm Hz1/2/W at a zero bias voltage. Their photodetection was inferior to those of similar heterojunctions prepared using facing-target direct-current sputtering (FTDCS) in our previous study. This inferiority is likely because β-FeSi2 films prepared using RFMS are located in plasma and are damaged by it.
Toward Understanding
Authors: McMahon Charles
Published: September 2024

In this narrative medicine essay, a gastroenterologist learns of his 34-year-old brother’s stroke in Oslo and struggles to understand how such a young, healthy man could have a stroke while exercising.
Bioinspired Metafabric with Dual‐Gradient Janus Design for Personal Radiative and Evaporative Cooling
Authors: Yan Zhen , Zhu Guanghao , Fan Desong , Li Qiang
Published: September 2024

Personal radiative cooling fabrics are a promising zero‐energy solution for creating a cool and comfortable microclimate for outdoor crowds. Despite significant progress, achieving efficient radiative cooling under some extreme situations, such as thermal shock and intensive physical activity, remains a challenge. Herein, a bioinspired metafabric with a dual‐gradient Janus design is reported for personal radiative and evaporative cooling. The hierarchical fiber structure allows for an excellent solar reflectance of 99.4% and mid‐infrared emittance of 0.94, inducing a skin temperature drop of 17.8 °C under intense sunlight. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles fixed in the fibrous network can store evaporative cooling capacity by atmospheric moisture‐absorption in the mild and humid nighttime and release such cooling capacity by moisture‐desorption in the hot daytime, providing an additional skin temperature drop of 2.5 °C. Dual‐gradient Janus design endows the metafabric with an outstanding sweat‐wicking effect and high‐performance sweat evaporative cooling capacity. In the steady‐state evaporation tests, a maximum sweat consumption of only 0.5 ml h−1 can cool the skin to a comfortable temperature, preventing harmful excessive sweating. Additionally, the bioinspired metafabric also possesses favorable wearability and color expansibility. Given these first‐rate features, the bioinspired metafabric will pave the way for the development of advanced functional fabrics.
Boosting the Performance and Stability of Perovskites by Construction of NiFe Alloy and PrOx Heterogeneously Structured Composites for High‐Performance Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anode
Authors: Yi Yan , Xi Xiuan , Huang Lingui , Liu Xiaoyu , Liao Yuanfeng , Liu Jianwen , Long Jun , Zhang Jiujun , Fu Xian‐Zhu , Luo Jing‐Li
Published: September 2024

Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6‐δ (SFM) perovskite oxide is one of the most promising materials for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) anode. However, the low catalytic activity is a major roadblock that obstructs its practical applications. Although in situ exsolution of B‐site metals is demonstrated as a promising approach to enhancing its performance, it can easily induce the co‐segregation of A‐site Sr, which seriously deteriorates the performance stability. In this work, the A‐site Sr element in SFM is partially replaced by Pr, while B‐site Mo is partially replaced by Ni. The in situ co‐exsolution of both FeNi alloy and PrOx nanoparticles on the reduced Pr0.8Sr1.2Fe1.5Mo0.3Ni0.2O6‐δ (R‐PSFMN) perovskite is successfully achieved. It is found that the peak power densities (Pmax) of the single cell using R‐PSFMN as the anode reaches as high as 2.29, 1.60, 1.07, and 0.67 W cm−2 in H2 atmosphere at the operating temperatures of 850, 800, 750 and 700 °C, respectively. Furthermore, it also exhibits excellent performance stability and anticoke properties when using ethane as fuel. The impregnation experiment further corroborates that the improved performance and stability are partly attributable to the contribution of PrOx nanoparticles, presenting a promising approach to enhance the electrochemical performance of SOFC perovskite anodes.
Insights into Molecular Lanthanide Complexes: Construction, Properties and Bioimaging and Biosensing Applications
Authors: Yang Yanling , Hu Xiaoming , Yang Zhen , Huang Wei
Published: September 2024

The lanthanide complex, characterized by narrow emission bands, large Stokes shifts, long luminescence lifetime, robust resistance to photobleaching, and magnetic properties, affords significant promise for molecular imaging and biosensing applications. While most lanthanide complexes emitting visible light are extensively studied for cellular‐level detection and bioimaging, near‐infrared‐emitted (700–1700 nm) lanthanide compounds exhibit more favorable properties for bioimaging and biosensing, ascribed from deeper penetration and reduced bleaching effects. Besides, the magnetic lanthanide complex with higher magnetic resonance signals can enhance image resolution and sensitivity, offering more precise bioimaging analysis. However, the widespread use of high‐efficiency luminescence lanthanide complexes is currently impeded by the lack of design approaches for improving magnetic properties and sensitization chromophores with extended excitation and emission wavelengths. In this review, some fundamental theories and design strategies of lanthanide complexes are summarized for luminescence imaging, lifetime‐engineered imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, and dual‐modal imaging, and now highlight a selection of bioimaging and biosensing applications. The review addresses the existing gap in the literature by proposing some feasible approaches for improving the fluorescent and magnetic properties. Concurrently, future challenges and opportunities in the field of lanthanide complex probes are discussed.
Enhanced Nitric Oxide Delivery Through Self‐Assembling Nanoparticles for Eradicating Gram‐Negative Bacteria
Authors: Lai Xiangfeng , Yu Lei , Huang Xiangyi , Gardner Wil , Bamford Sarah E. , Pigram Paul J. , Wang Shuhong , Brun Anton P. Le , Muir Benjamin W. , Song Jiangning , Wang Yajun , Hsu Hsien‐Yi , Chan Philip Wai Hong , Shen Hsin‐Hui
Published: September 2024

In the current battle against antibiotic resistance, the resilience of Gram‐negative bacteria against traditional antibiotics is due not only to their protective outer membranes but also to mechanisms like efflux pumps and enzymatic degradation of drugs, underscores the urgent need for innovative antimicrobial tactics. Herein, this study presents an innovative method involving the synthesis of three furoxan derivatives engineered to self‐assemble into nitric oxide (NO) donor nanoparticles (FuNPs). These FuNPs, notably supplied together with polymyxin B (PMB), achieve markedly enhanced bactericidal efficacy against a wide spectrum of bacterial phenotypes at considerably lower NO concentrations (0.1–2.8 µg mL−1), which is at least ten times lower than the reported data for NO donors (≥200 µg mL−1). The bactericidal mechanism is elucidated using confocal, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Neutron reflectometry confirms that FuNPs initiate membrane disruption by specifically engaging with the polysaccharides on bacterial surfaces, causing structural perturbations. Subsequently, PMB binds to lipid A on the outer membrane, enhancing permeability and resulting in a synergistic bactericidal action with FuNPs. This pioneering strategy underscores the utility of self‐assembly in NO delivery as a groundbreaking paradigm to circumvent traditional antibiotic resistance barriers, marking a significant leap forward in the development of next‐generation antimicrobial agents.
Depth‐Resolved X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Evidence of Intrinsic Polar States in HfO2‐Based Ferroelectrics
Authors: Hill Megan O. , Kim Ji Soo , Müller Moritz L. , Phuyal Dibya , Taper Sunil , Bansal Manisha , Becker Maximilian T. , Bakhit Babak , Maity Tuhin , Monserrat Bartomeu , Martino Giuliana Di , Strkalj Nives , MacManus‐Driscoll Judith L.
Published: September 2024

The discovery of ferroelectricity in nanoscale hafnia‐based oxide films has spurred interest in understanding their emergent properties. Investigation focuses on the size‐dependent polarization behavior, which is sensitive to content and movement of oxygen vacancies. Though polarization switching and electrochemical reactions is shown to co‐occur, their relationship remains unclear. This study employs X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy with depth sensitivity to examine changes in electrochemical states occurring during polarization switching. Contrasting Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) with Hf0.88La0.04Ta0.08O2 (HLTO), a composition with an equivalent structure and comparable average ionic radius, electrochemical states are directly observed for specific polarization directions. Lower‐polarization films exhibit more significant electrochemical changes upon switching, suggesting an indirect relationship between polarization and electrochemical state. This research illuminates the complex interplay between polarization and electrochemical dynamics, providing evidence for intrinsic polar states in HfO2‐based ferroelectrics.
Superbly Efficient and Stable Ultrapure Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Tetradentate Pt(II) Complex with Vibration Suppression Effect
Authors: Lee Hakjun , Park Bubae , Han Ga Ram , Mun Min Sik , Kang Sunwoo , Hong Wan Pyo , Oh Hyoung Yun , Kim Taekyung
Published: September 2024

Blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PHOLEDs) are on the brink of commercialization for decades. However, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and operational lifetime of PHOLEDs are not yet reached industrial standards. Here, a novel tetradentate Pt(II) emitter with a spirofluorene onto the carbazole unit that minimizes the vibration modes, corresponding to the structural relaxation during the de‐excitation, called the vibration suppression effect is reported. This modification reduces the intensity of the second peak in the spectrum and Shockley–Read–Hall recombination by blocking direct hole injection into the emitter while enhancing Förster resonance energy transfer, resulting in 451 h of LT50 (the time until a 50% decrease in initial luminance at 1000 cd m−2) and 25.1% of the maximum EQE (EQEmax). Thanks to the vibration suppression effect, an extremely narrow full width at half a maximum of 22 nm is obtained. In phosphor‐sensitized thermally activated delayed fluorescent OLED, ultra‐pure blue emission with Commission internationale de l′Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.136, 0.096) is obtained with 28.1% of EQEmax. Furthermore, 50.3% of the EQEmax and 589 h of LT70 are simultaneously recorded with the two‐stack tandem PHOLED, which is the highest EQEmax among 2‐tandem and bottom‐emission PHOLEDs with CIEy < 0.15.
Exploring Wettability of Re‐Entrant Microstructures: Effects of Geometry and Material Composition
Authors: Vu Hoang Huy , Nguyen Nhat‐Khuong , Singha Pradip , Walker Glenn , Nguyen Nam‐Trung , Kashaninejad Navid
Published: September 2024

This study systematically explores the wetting characteristics of re‐entrant microstructures, focusing on the interplay between the unique geometries and material compositions. While silicon dioxide (SiO₂) re‐entrant microstructures are previously studied, this research pioneers the fabrication of silicon carbide (SiC) re‐entrant microstructures. Through experimental approaches and theoretical analysis, the research assesses how variations in geometry and material impact wettability. Key findings reveal that SiC re‐entrant structures achieve an average contact angle of 145°, closely matching the 148° observed for SiO₂, indicating similar hydrophobic behavior. Although flat SiC surfaces exhibit higher inherent hydrophobicity than flat SiO₂ (59° vs 26° contact angle), re‐entrant geometry predominantly influences wetting behavior, overshadowing material differences. Structures with lower solid area fractions show increased hydrophobicity, with a distinct hierarchy: microlines are the least hydrophobic, followed by shark‐skin textures, rectangles, circles, and triangles. Additionally, increasing the gap size between structures enhanced hydrophobicity up to a critical point. This study paves the way for optimizing re‐entrant microstructures for specific applications, significantly enhancing the understanding of surface science and advancing material design.
Wireless Power and Data Transfer Technologies for Flexible Bionic and Bioelectronic Interfaces: Materials and Applications
Authors: Mariello Massimo , Proctor Christopher M.
Published: September 2024

The next‐generation bionics and, more specifically, wearable and implantable bioelectronics require wireless, battery‐free, long‐term operation and seamless bio‐integration. Design considerations, materials choice, and implementation of efficient architectures have become crucial for the fabrication and deployment of wireless devices, especially if they are flexible or soft. Wireless power and data transfer represent key elements for the development of robust, efficient, and reliable systems for health monitoring, advanced disease diagnosis and treatment, personalized medicine. Here, the recent advances in materials and technologies used for wireless energy sourcing and telemetry in bio‐integrated flexible bionic and bioelectronic systems are reviewed. The study tackles different challenges related to mechanical compliance, low thickness, small footprint, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and in vivo implementation. The work also delves into the main figures of merit that are mostly adopted to quantify the wireless power/data transfer performances. Lastly, the pivotal applications of wearable and implantable wireless bionics/bioelectronics are summarized, such as electrical stimulation/recording, real‐time monitoring of physiological parameters, light delivery trough optical interfaces, electromechanical stimulation via ultrasounds, highlighting their potential for future implementation and the challenges related to their commercialization.
Ultra‐Durability and Reversible Capacity of Silicon Anodes with Crosslinked Poly‐BIAN Binder in Lithium‐Ion Secondary Batteries for Sturdy Performance
Authors: Gupta Agman , Badam Rajashekar , Mantripragada Bharat Srimitra , Mishra Sameer Nirupam , Matsumi Noriyoshi
Published: September 2024

With a high theoretical gravimetric capacity of 3579 mAhg−1, silicon (Si) has made a promising claim as an alternative to graphite (372 mAhg−1) in lithium‐ion battery (LIB) anodes as an active material. Unfortunately, inherent failure mechanisms (pulverization, delamination, promoting thick interphase formation, and non‐conducting nature) of Si anodes have plagued their way toward commercialization. To stabilize Si anodes, this work reports the design, synthesis, and application of a conducting/crosslinked poly(BIAN) (P‐BIAN) as a polymer binder for Si anodes. Theoretical evaluation of crosslinked P‐BIAN and electrochemical characterization of anodic half‐cells show that the crosslinked P‐BIAN exhibits its versatility by a) administering mechanical robustness to stabilize Si particles, b) undergoing n‐doping owing to the low‐lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) to tailor a thin solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI), and c) maintaining electrical conductivity. This inspired Si anodes to show a high reversible capacity of ≈2500 mAhg−1 for over 1000 cycles with 99.1% capacity retention at 500 mAg−1 current‐rate.
Interface Stability of Sulfide/PVDF‐HFP Solid Composite Electrolyte with High Voltage NMC Cathode
Authors: Akter Sharmin , Guo Xiaolin , Arnold William , Thapa Arjun K. , Dey Arnob , Quesada Peter , Wu James , Wang Hui
Published: September 2024

Solid composite electrolytes (SCEs) have attracted serious attention for solid‐state Li metal batteries. In particular, SCEs that incorporate inorganic sulfide into polymer electrolytes provide a feasible approach to address the air sensitivity and (electro)chemical instability of sulfides. Nevertheless, there is still little research on pairing sulfide‐SCEs with high‐voltage cathodes. In this work, reports on efforts to synthesize and compare SCEs that embedding sulfides (Li7PS6 and Li3PS4) into PVDF/HFP polymer using a strong polar solvent (DMF). Two sulfides show distinct behaviors when dispersed in the DMF solvent. The Li7PS6‐SCE exhibits an ionic conductivity of 2.5 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature, higher than the Li3PS4‐SCE (1.75 × 10−4 S cm−1). Moreover, Li7PS6‐SCE displays better electrochemical cycling performance in solid‐state Li metal batteries with LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC 111) cathode.. When increasing upper cut‐off voltages from 4.0 to 4.4 V, Li| Li7PS6‐SCE |NMC111 cells deliver higher discharge capacities but exhibit worse cycling stability. Interface analysis using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveals the formation of LiF under a high voltage of 4.4 V, while t not present with 4.0 V. This work explores the synthesis of SCEs with different sulfides in a strong polar solvent and highlights the interface reactions between sulfide/PVDF‐HFP SCEs with oxide cathodes.
Thermal Stability and Moisture Resistance of Bitumen Composites Modified with Triglyceride Plant Oils
Authors: Hung Albert M. , Aldagari Sanad , Figueroa Luis Torres , Zhai Huachun , Fini Elham H.
Published: September 2024

This paper examines the chemical characteristics of four plant‐derived bio‐oils, including waste cooking oils, to address a research gap concerning their effects on the thermal stability and moisture susceptibility of asphalt. While bio‐oils are known to soften asphalt, their specific impact on these properties is less understood. The study evaluates four different bio‐oils (B1–B4) derived from various waste vegetable sources to determine their influence on asphalt performance. The findings indicate that bio‐oils with higher purity and lower polyunsaturated fatty acid content offer better resistance to heat and UV‐induced degradation. Bio‐oils with lower iodine values also show improved resistance to moisture damage. Notably, bitumen composites containing bio‐oil B2 do not negatively affect asphalt's moisture resistance, while others increase its moisture susceptibility. Tests with liquid anti‐strip agents reveal that silanes and amine‐based agents are the most effective at reducing moisture damage. These results underscore the importance of selecting bio‐oils with low acid and iodine values, low polyunsaturated fatty acid content, and high purity for use in asphalt. This study supports sustainability and resource conservation by recommending bio‐oils that preserve the durability of bio‐modified asphalts.
Bifunctional PtCu Nanooctahedrons for the Electrochemical Conversion of Nitrite and Sulfion Into Value‐Added Products
Authors: Hong Qing‐Ling , Zhong Wei , He Kai‐Yue , Sun Bin , Ai Xuan , Xiao Xue , Chen Yu , Yu Xia Bao
Published: September 2024

The electrochemical reduction of nitrite (NO2−) contaminants to ammonia (NH3) is a sustainable and energy‐saving strategy for NH3 synthesis. However, this multi‐electron reduction process requires an efficient electrocatalyst to overcome the kinetic barrier. Herein, the Pt2Cu1 nanooctahedrons are synthesized through a liquid‐phase chemical reduction process. The synergistic effect of bimetallic Pt and Cu sites in the Pt2Cu1 nanooctahedrons is indispensable for accelerated NO2− hydrogenation, originating from the strong hydrogen‐atoms adsorption capacity at Pt site and the strong NO2− adsorption capacity at Cu site. Specifically, the introduction of Pt sites can accelerate the accumulation of hydrogenated species on the catalyst surface, which promotes the formation of NH3. In 0.5 m Na2SO4 solution, the Pt2Cu1 nanooctahedrons can reduce NO2− to NH3 at a yield of 4.22 mg h−1mgcat−1 and a Faraday efficiency of 95.5% at a potential of −0.14 V versus RHE. Meanwhile, the Pt2Cu1 nanooctahedrons also exhibit excellent activity for the sulfion oxidation reaction (SEOR). Using Pt2Cu1 nanooctahedrons as bifunctional electrocatalyst, a coupled electrolysis system combining the nitrite electrochemical reduction reaction (NO2−ERR) with the SEOR requires only 0.3 V total voltage, enabling energy‐saving electrochemical NH3 production and collective value‐added recovery of nitrite and sulfion waste.
Lysosomal TFEB‐TRPML1 Axis in Astrocytes Modulates Depressive‐like Behaviors
Authors: Mo Jia‐Wen , Kong Peng‐Li , Ding Li , Fan Jun , Ren Jing , Lu Cheng‐Lin , Guo Fang , Chen Liang‐Yu , Mo Ran , Zhong Qiu‐Ling , Wen You‐Lu , Gu Ting‐Ting , Wang Qian‐Wen , Li Shu‐Ji , Guo Ting , Gao Tian‐Ming , Cao Xiong
Published: September 2024

Lysosomes are important cellular structures for human health as centers for recycling, signaling, metabolism and stress adaptation. However, the potential role of lysosomes in stress‐related emotions has long been overlooked. Here, it is found that lysosomal morphology in astrocytes is altered in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of susceptible mice after chronic social defeat stress. A screen of lysosome‐related genes revealed that the expression of the mucolipin 1 gene (Mcoln1; protein: mucolipin TRP channel 1) is decreased in susceptible mice and depressed patients. Astrocyte‐specific knockout of mucolipin TRP channel 1 (TRPML1) induced depressive‐like behaviors by inhibiting lysosomal exocytosis‐mediated adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP) release. Furthermore, this stress response of astrocytic lysosomes is mediated by the transcription factor EB (TFEB), and overexpression of TRPML1 rescued depressive‐like behaviors induced by astrocyte‐specific knockout of TFEB. Collectively, these findings reveal a lysosomal stress‐sensing signaling pathway contributing to the development of depression and identify the lysosome as a potential target organelle for antidepressants.
Limosilactobacillus Regulating Microbial Communities to Overcome the Hydrolysis Bottleneck with Efficient One‐Step Co‐Production of H2 and CH4
Authors: Wu Heng , Zhang Huaiwen , Yan Ruixiao , Li Suqi , Guo Xiaohui , Qiu Ling , Yao Yiqing
Published: September 2024

The efficient co‐production of H2 and CH4 via anaerobic digestion (AD) requires separate stages, as it cannot yet be achieved in one step. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (Limosilactobacillus) release H2 and acetate by enhancing hydrolysis, potentially increasing CH4 production with simultaneous H2 accumulation. This study investigated the enhanced effect of one‐step co‐production of H2 and CH4 in AD by LAB and elucidated its enhancement mechanisms. The results showed that 236.3 times increase in H2 production and 7.1 times increase in CH4 production are achieved, resulting in profits of 469.39 USD. Model substrates lignocellulosic straw, sodium acetate, and H2 confirmes LAB work on the hydrolysis stage and subsequent sustainable volatile fatty acid production during the first 6 days of AD. In this stage, the enrichment of Limosilactobacillus carrying bglB and xynB, the glycolysis pathway, and the high activity of protease, acetate kinase, and [FeFe] hydrogenase, jointly achieved rapid acetate and H2 accumulation, driving hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis dominated. From day 7 to 24, with enriched Methanosarcina, and increased methenyltetrahydromethanopterin hydrogenase activity, continuously produced acetate led to the mainly acetoclastic methanogenesis shift from hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis. The power generation capacity of LAB‐enhanced AD is 333.33 times that of China's 24,000 m3 biogas plant.