bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estigma y discriminación ante la tuberculosis por profesionales de la salud de la Costa Pacífica colombiana
Authors: Carvajal Barona Rocio , Hoyos Hernández Paula Andrea , Varela Arévalo Maria Teresa , Angulo Valencia Eliana Sofía , Duarte Alarcón Carolina
Published: September 2018

Objetivo: Caracterizar los conocimientos, las actitudes y las prácticas de profesionales de la salud que reflejan estigma y discriminación frente a la tuberculosis (TB) en municipios prioritarios de la Costa Pacífica colombiana. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo descriptivo con 13 profesionales de la salud, vinculados a los programas de TB de 4 municipios prioritarios en la Costa Pacífica nariñense de Colombia. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad y grupos focales. Resultados: Los profesionales de la salud tienen adecuados conocimientos sobre la enfermedad y el tratamiento, pero sus creencias sobre las causas de la enfermedad y algunas actitudes frente a las personas con TB reflejan estigma. Sus prácticas fueron poco discriminatorias hacia los pacientes y sus familias, incluso tienen prácticas de riesgo para su salud como no usar las medidas de bioseguridad para evitar hacer sentir discriminados a los pacientes. La mayoría de los profesionales reportaron ser discriminados por su labor, la cual implica un contacto diario y un alto riesgo de infección, proviniendo estas actitudes por parte de sus familiares y de otros profesionales del sector salud. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este estudio señalan focos importantes de atención en las acciones de prevención del estigma y la discriminación frente a las personas con TB, que no han sido visibilizados por estudios cuantitativos en el país.
Percepción de educadores sobre consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y bullying en un colegio de Bogotá
Authors: Barreto Z Yenny , Enríquez Guerrero Carolina , Pardo García Julián , Valero María Alejandra
Published: September 2018

Objetivo: El bullying y el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas son problemáticas a las que se ven expuestos los adolescentes en los colegios. El rol de los educadores es primordial para la prevención y manejo de este tipo de situaciones, el objetivo del presente estudio es describir la percepción de los docentes frente al bullying y el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en un colegio de Bogotá. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio cualitativo, exploratorio, con el desarrollo de grupos de discusión y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Participaron de manera voluntaria un total de 5 educadores y 1 orientador, previo consentimiento informado. Se tuvieron en cuenta los aspectos éticos. Resultados: De los participantes, el 66,6 % fueron mujeres y el 33,4 % hombres, edades comprendidas entre los 50-60 años para un 66,7 % y entre los 40-50 años para un 33,3 %. Se presentan los resultados en dos temas: consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y bullying. Estos, a su vez, se organizaron por las siguientes categorías: causas, problemáticas, consecuencias, acciones y propuestas, resaltando diez subcategorías que emergieron de las entrevistas y grupos de discusión realizados con los educadores sobre el bullying y el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en adolescentes. Conclusión: De acuerdo a la perspectiva de los educadores es indispensable el involucramiento de los padres como parte de la comunidad educativa, así como el trabajo intersectorial e interdisciplinario para el manejo tanto del bullying como del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas con el fin de desarrollar en los adolescentes herramientas que permitan afrontar los problemas de manera adecuada y evitar así la búsqueda de otras alternativas que afecten su vida.
Desarrollo y validación de Escala Multimodal para resultados de tratamiento en trastornos por uso sustancias
Authors: Giraldo Ferrer Luis Fernando , Velásquez Tirado Juan David , López López Lucelly , Tirado Otálvaro Andrés Felipe , Restrepo Medrano Juan Carlos
Published: September 2018

Objetivo: Describir el proceso de desarrollo y validación de un instrumento creado para la evaluación de los resultados de tratamiento en los trastornos por uso de sustancias. Materiales y métodos: Este fue llevado a cabo en tres fases. Fase 1: revisión de la literatura en las principales bases de datos de ciencias de la salud sobre escalas o instrumentos para evaluación de resultados de tratamiento en trastornos por uso de sustancias. Fase 2: desarrollo de un instrumento de novo y validación por expertos mediante técnica Delphi modificada a 2 fases. Fase 3: estudio de validación clínica en el que participaron 100 usuarios de una institución pública. Resultados: La escala de evaluación de tratamiento multimodal (EETM) obtuvo, luego de su análisis de contenido, unos resultados apropiados en términos de pertinencia y relevancia; adicionalmente mostró coeficientes de alpha de Cronbach entre 0,799 y 0,963 y similitudes entre los resultados del evaluador y el paciente. Conclusiones: Se concluye que la EETM demostró ser un instrumento válido para la evaluación de los resultados de tratamiento en instituciones con intervenciones integrales en los trastornos por uso de sustancias y durante el período de internamiento.
En búsqueda de la atención: necesidades en salud, itinerarios y experiencias
Authors: Yepes Delgado Carlos Enrique , Giraldo Pineda Álvaro de Jesús , Botero Jaramillo Natalia , Guevara Farías Jairo Camilo
Published: September 2018

Objetivo: El presente artículo analiza el proceso de una persona que deviene enferma para solucionar su condición de enfermedad, el surgimiento de la sensación de necesidad y cómo esta lo lleva por diferentes caminos (itinerarios), cada uno con sus cursos y particularidades, para buscar una atención. Nos enfocaremos en la búsqueda de los sujetos por una atención médica alopática institucional, representada por el hospital. Metodología: La metodología utilizada fue cualitativa, desde la teoría fundamentada, mediante la elaboración de 21 entrevistas semiestructuradas a pacientes de dos hospitales del departamento de Antioquia (Colombia). Se produjeron 1520 códigos y 42 categorías descriptivas, que derivaron en una categoría mayor: sentir la necesidad de consultar genera expectativas. Resultados: Como resultados se obtuvo que las necesidades configuran procesos complejos de búsqueda por la atención en salud, que involucra diversos sujetos e instituciones en las que se movilizan estrategias y recursos a fin de recibir una atención. Que la necesidad de atención en salud es producto de la concepción subjetiva de la enfermedad, a partir de la historia de vida, encuadrado en la cultura; lo que permite la construcción del síntoma y de la enfermedad y lleva al sujeto a una serie de itinerarios burocráticos y terapéuticos. Conclusiones: Concluimos que la condición de enfermedad, atravesada por la historia del sujeto construye una necesidad que, lo conduce a unos itinerarios en los que elabora múltiples expectativas en búsqueda de una solución, la cual pone en juego la institución médica hegemónica y la versión del sujeto sobre su cuerpo y sufrimiento.
Transnational Municipal Climate Networks and the Politics of Standardisation: The Contested Role of Climate Data in the New Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy
Authors: Gesing Friederike
Published: September 2018

This article analyses the formation of a new global network, the Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate & Energy (GCoM), by two existing initiatives, the EU-based Covenant of Mayors and the UN-supported Compact of Mayors. While this merger of two transnational networks provides evidence for the increased coordination and standardisation of transnational municipal climate action, this remains a contentious and incomplete process. The article identifies different modes of transnational climate governance that have contributed to conflict between the founding networks and zooms in on the role of municipal climate data. Using empirical evidence, it analyses the contested politics of municipal climate data, including the role of the Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories (GPC) as a standard tool, the definition of a common target, and the inclusion of financial actors. Concerns over the reshaping of public-private boundaries and the possible commodification of public data are identified as major obstacles for the (EU) Covenant of Mayors, which consequentially seeks to remain as independent as possible within the new GCoM. Data politics emerges as a crucial factor for the future direction of transnational municipal climate policy and the ongoing processes of standardisation and coordination.
O lugar da educação na cultura digital: esboços de crianças e jovens digitais
Authors: Bortolazzo Sandro
Published: September 2018

este artigo desenvolve uma análise sobre o lugar da educação diante da emergência da Cultura Digital. Assim, o estudo contempla dois movimentos: uma discussão sobre a ideia de crianças e jovens enquanto experts tecnológicos; uma reflexão sobre como a cultura digital tem promovido outras formas de compreender a educação. O referencial teórico compôs-se de autores que discutem aspectos sobre cultura digital e suas interfaces com a educação. Os achados da análise revelam que a cultura digital apresenta um desafio que vai além das habilidades ou mesmo do entrelaçamento de elementos tecnológicos à educação, mas dos modos como se fomentam formas culturais afinadas a um regime tecnológico.Palavras-chave: Cultura Digital – Tecnologias Digitais – Educação – Crianças e Jovens
Encantos e desencantos na profissão de professores de Educação Física na educação básica
Authors: Krug Hugo Norberto , Krug Rodrigo De Rosso , Telles Cassiano
Published: September 2018

O estudo objetivou analisar as percepções de professores de Educação Física (EF) da Educação Básica (EB), de uma rede de ensino pública, de uma cidade do interior do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), sobre os motivos de seus encantos e desencantos com a profissão docente. Caracterizamos a pesquisa como qualitativa, descritiva do tipo estudo de caso. O instrumento de pesquisa foi um questionário. A interpretação das informações coletadas foi por meio da análise de conteúdo. Participaram vinte e cinco professores de EF da EB da referida rede de ensino e cidade. Concluímos que o exercício da docência foi gerador de motivos de encantos e desencantos com a profissão docente.Palavras-chave: Educação Física. Profissão Docente. Encantos e Desencantos.
Juventudes, educação e cidade: a mediação dos dispositivos móveis de comunicação nos processos de aprender-ensinar
Authors: Ferreira Helenice Mirabelli Cassino , Couto Junior Dilton Ribeiro
Published: September 2018

Fruto de pesquisa recentemente concluída, este texto discute a mediação dos dispositivos móveis de comunicação nos processos de aprender-ensinar das juventudes contemporâneas. O trabalho foi desenvolvido através de oficinas realizadas com jovens de uma escola pública localizada na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A pesquisa dialogou com os estudos da cibercultura, da geografia e das juventudes, com Mikhail Bakhtin se constituindo como principal interlocutor teórico-metodológico. Através de aparelhos celulares do tipo smartphone, os jovens elaboraram textos diversos sobre a cidade, escritos com os signos da hipermídia, apontando para o quanto os usos dos dispositivos móveis promovem novas situações de aprendizagem-ensino na interface com a cidade.
O dispositivo digital Whatsapp e o seu impacto na criação de comunidades virtuais de aprendizagem
Authors: Moreira José António Marques , Dias-Trindade Sara
Published: September 2018

Nas sociedades atuais a importância das tecnologias digitais móveis tem vindo a acentuar-se por via do desenvolvimento social e económico e da sua cada vez maior presença no quotidiano, com impactos na forma como a interação e a comunicação ocorrem. Neste texto analisamos a plataforma de de instant messaging –WhatsApp, descrevendo o seu impacto na formação e desenvolvimento de uma comunidade virtual, a partir da análise qualitativa das perceções e narrativas de estudantes de um Curso de Pós-Graduação. Os resultados revelam que a utilização do WhatsApp, ancorado no modelo Community of Inquiry (CoI), pode ter efeitos muito positivos na criação e desenvolvimento de comunidades virtuais de aprendizagem.
The Sarmatian/Pannonian boundary at the western margin of the Vienna Basin (City of Vienna, Austria)
Authors: Harzhauser Mathias , Mandic Oleg , Kranner Matthias , Lukeneder Petra , Kern Andrea K. , Gross Martin , Carnevale Giorgio , Jawecki Christine
Published: September 2018

Sarmatian and Pannonian cores, drilled at the western margin of the Vienna Basin in the City of Vienna, reveal a complex succession of marine and lacustrine depositional environments during the middle to late Miocene transition. Two Sarmatian and two Pannonian transgressive-regressive sequences were studied in detail. Identical successions of benthic faunal assemblages and similar patterns in magnetic susceptibility logs characterise these sequences. This allows a correlation of the boreholes over a distance of ~3.5 km across one of the major marginal faults of the Vienna Basin. Biostratigraphic data, combined with rough estimates of sedimentation rates, reveal large gaps between these sequences, suggesting that only major transgressions reached this marginal area. In particular, during the Sarmatian-Pannonian transition, the basin margin completely emerged and turned into a terrestrial setting for at least 600 ka.
Late Glacial and Holocene sedimentary infill of Lake Mondsee (Eastern Alps, Austria) and historical rockfall activity revealed by reflection seismics and sediment core analysis
Authors: Daxer Christoph , Moernaut Jasper , Taylor Timothy , Haas Jean Nicolas , Strasser Michael
Published: September 2018

Glacigenic perialpine lakes can constitute continuous post-last glacial maximum (LGM) geological archives which allow reconstruction of both lake-specific sedimentological processes and the paleoenvironmental setting of lakes. Lake Mondsee is one among several perialpine lakes in the Salzkammergut, Upper Austria, and has been previously studied in terms of paleoclimate, paleolimnology and (paleo)ecology. However, the full extent and environment of Late Glacial to Holocene sediment deposition had remained unknown, and it was not clear whether previously studied core sections were fully representative of 3D sediment accumulation patterns. In this study, the sedimentary infill of Lake Mondsee was examined via high-resolution seismic reflection survey over a 57-km extent (3.5 kHz pinger source) and a sediment core extracted from the deepest part of the lake, with a continuous length of 13.76 m. In the northern basin, seismic penetration is strongly limited in most areas because of abundant shallow gas (causing acoustic blanking). In the deeper areas, the acoustic signal reaches depths of up to 80 ms TWT (two-way travel time), representing a postglacial sedimentary sequence of at least 60-m thickness. Holocene deposits constitute only the uppermost 11.5 m of the sedimentary succession. Postglacial seismic stratigraphy of Lake Mondsee closely resembles those of well-studied French and Swiss perialpine lakes, with our data showing that most of Lake Mondsee’s sedimentary basin infill was deposited within a short time period (between 19,000 BP and 14,500 BP) after the Traun Glacier retreated from the Mondsee area, indicating an average sedimentation rate of about 1.4 cm/yr. Compared to other perialpine lakes, the seismic data from Lake Mondsee reveal little indication of mass movement activities during the Holocene. One exception, however, is rockfalls that originate from a steep cliff, the Kienbergwand, situated on the southern shore of Lake Mondsee, where, in the adjacent part of the lake, seismic profiles show mass transport deposits (MTDs), which extend approximately 450 m from the shore and are mappable over an area of about 45,300 m2. Sediment cores targeting the MTDs show two separate rockfall events. The older event consists of clast-supported angular dolomitic gravels and sands, showing high amounts of fine fraction. The younger event exhibits dolomitic clasts of up to 1.5 cm in diameter, which is mixed within a lacustrine muddy matrix. Radiocarbon dating and correlations with varve-dated sediment cores hint at respective ages of AD 1484 ± 7 for Event 1 and AD 1639 ± 5 for Event 2. As our data show no evidence of larger-scale mass movements affecting Lake Mondsee and its surroundings, we infer that the current-day morphology of the Kienbergwand is the result of infrequent medium-scale rockfalls.
Em Foco a Aritmética do Curso Primário: Um Estudo de Cadernos Escolares e do Manual “Práticas Escolares”
Authors: Borges Rosimeire Aparecida Soares , Oliveira Cristiano José de
Published: September 2018

Este estudo histórico investigou apropriações das propostas reformistas da Escola Nova no que tange ao ensino da Aritmética para a escola primária em cinco cadernos de um aluno, de terceiro e quarto anos do curso primário, dos anos de 1952 e 1953, respectivamente, e no primeiro volume do manual didático “Práticas Escolares” que teve sua primeira edição em 1940 e décima edição em 1965, de autoria de Antonio D’Ávila. Utiliza-se como base teórico-metodológica a História Cultural na direção de dar significado às apropriações que foram feitas em relação à aritmética da escola primária em tempos da Escola Nova. Há uma predominância da resolução de problemas aritméticos ligados ao cotidiano dos alunos, indicando uma preocupação com a abstração dos conceitos com foco em uma aritmética prática, que tinha por finalidade preparar o aluno para a vida fora da escola após quatro anos de estudo no curso primário. Observa-se uma valorização do aluno como indivíduo, com respeito ao seu ritmo e dificuldades apresentadas na aprendizagem da Aritmética, um dos aspectos marcantes da Escola Nova, o aluno considerado como protagonista do processo de ensino e de aprendizagem, podendo interagir no meio social em uma formação mais humana.Palavras-chave: Aritmética. Ensino Primário. Manual Didático para Professores. Cadernos de aluno. Cultura escolar. História da Educação Matemática.AbstractThis historical study investigated appropriations of the New School for the teaching of Arithmetic for the primary school in five books of a student, of the third and the fourth years of the primary course, of the years of 1952 and 1953, respectively, And in the first Volume of the didactic manual “School Practices” that had its first edition in 1940 and tenth edition in 1965, authored by Antonio D’Ávila. It is used as a theoretical-methodological basis for the Cultural History in the direction of provide meaning the appropriations that were made in relation to the primary school in times of the New School. There is a predominance of solving arithmetic problems related to students’ daily life, indicating a preoccupation with an abstraction of concepts with a focus on an arithmetic practice, whose purpose was to prepare a student for the life outside of school after four years of primary school. It is observed the evaluation of the student as an individual, with respect to its rhythm and difficulties presented in the learning of Arithmetic, one of the markers of the New School, the student considered the protagonist of the process of teaching and learning, being able To interact in the social environment in a more humane formation.Keywords: Arithmetic. Primary school. Didactic Manual for Teachers. Books of a student. School culture. History of Mathematics Education.
Livros Didáticos Integrados para o Ensino Primário Gaúcho: uma Análise da Abordagem das Operações Aritméticas da Soma e Subtração (1960-1978)
Authors: Alves Antonio Mauricio Medeiros
Published: September 2018

Em meados do século XX um importante movimento de renovação do ensino da Matemática se desenvolveu mundialmente, influenciando as práticas docentes e também a produção didática para o ensino dessa disciplina. Esse texto apresenta um estudo sobre as transformações decorrentes desse movimento na abordagem das operações aritméticas da soma e subtração em três coleções de livros didáticos produzidos no Rio Grande do Sul, para o ensino primário, no período de 1960-1978: Estrada Iluminada e Nossa Terra Nossa Gente (em duas versões). O estudo, de cunho histórico, privilegiou a análise documental de 17 volumes de livros das coleções citadas e adota como referencial teóricometodológico a História Cultural, a partir de autores como Roger Chartier. Verificou-se que as operações aritméticas da soma e da subtração tiveram sua abordagem modificada em função de um novo conteúdo, a Teoria dos Conjuntos.Palavras-chave: Livro Didático. Matemática Moderna. Ensino Primário. Operações Aritméticas.Abstract An important movement of teaching Mathematics renew was developed, in the world, in the middle of the XX century, influencing the teaching practices and also didactic production for the teaching of this discipline. This text presents a study about the results of transformations from this movement in the approach to the arithmetic operations of addition and subtraction in three collections of didactic books produced in Rio Grande do Sul for primary education in the period 1960-1978: Estrada Iluminada and Nossa Terra Nossa Gente (in two versions). The historical study was developed in a methodological approach that privileged the documentary analysis of 17 volumes of books of the aforementioned collections and adopts as a theoretical and methodological studies on the Cultural History from authors such as Roger Chartier. It was verified that the arithmetic operations of addition and subtraction had their approach modified in function of a new content,the Set Theory.Keywords: Didactic Book. Modern Mathematics. Primary Education. Arithmetic Operations.
A Geometria Dinâmica se Constituindo com as Ideias Geométricas de Edmund Husserl
Authors: Pinheiro José Milton Lopes
Published: September 2018

Intenciona-se neste estudo compreender como se constituem as ideias husserlianas sobre Geometria e, como essas ideias podem se atualizar na constituição da Geometria Dinâmica. Para isso, são destacadas as ideias de Husserl que constituem um solo sobre o qual ele expõe seu pensar filosófico sobre a Geometria. Traz-se essas ideias articulando-as com a Geometria Dinâmica, que se presentifica em um tempo distante daquele em que Husserl expõe seus pensamentos. Husserl não vivenciou os avanços da ciência que nos faz disponível atualmente as tecnologias informáticas, portanto, em seus trabalhos não constam qualquer pensamento de uma Geometria com softwares. Assim, este estudo visa também, trazer compreensões de como pode se presentifica o pensamento husserliano nessa geometria que se atualiza com as tecnologias informáticas. Percebe-se convergências possíveis do pensamento husserliano à Geometria Dinâmica, quando o mesmo diz da espacialidade e dos invariantes que se mostram em variações possíveis.Palavras-chave: Geometria. Geometria Dinâmica. Husserl. EspacialidadeAbstractIn this study we intend to understand how the Husserlian ideas about Geometry are constituted and how these ideas can be updated in the constitution of Dynamic Geometry. For this, are highlights the ideas of Husserl that constitute a solo on which he exposes his philosophical thinking on the Geometry. It is brought these ideas by articulating them with Dynamic Geometry, which presents itself at a time distant from the one in which Husserl exposes his thoughts. Husserl did not experience the advances of the science that makes us available today the computer technologies, therefore, in his works do not include any thought of a Geometry with softwares. Thus, this study also aims to bring understanding of how Husserlian thinking can be present in this geometry that is updated with computer technologies. It is perceived possible convergences of Husserlian thought to Dynamic Geometry, when it says of spatiality and invariants that show themselves in possible variations.Keywords: Geometry. Dynamic Geometry. Husserl. Spatiality.
Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking and the Lungs – Short Notice
Authors: Mohammad Yousser , Nahass Loai , Zakaria Ismael , Sawaf Bisher
Published: September 2018

Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is increasingly popular among young people. Although perceived to be safer than cigarettes as smoke is filtered through water, narghile smoke is rich in carbon monoxide, as well as containing numerous toxins and carcinogens. Detrimental effects of WTS may include nicotine addiction, bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and enhancing asthma susceptibility and exacerbations.
Effects of statins on the c-reactive protein of dyslipidemic patients in the university of Port-Harcourt teaching hospital
Authors: Egboh Stella-Maris C. , Siminialayi Iyeopu M.
Published: September 2018

Background: Dyslipidemia is a modifiable cardiovascular risk factor associated with systemic inflammation and can be assessed with a recognized bio-marker known as C-reactive protein.Methods: This was a cohort study carried out over a period of 9 months, where subjects who had abnormality in any of the fasting lipid parameters were recruited into the study, all the subjects had their C-reactive protein assessed, the test subjects were commenced on statins while the control subjects were not on statins and they were all followed up for a period of 3 months after which C-reactive protein was re-assessed.Results: Total 320 subjects were recruited, comprising of 160 test subjects and 160 control subjects. The mean age± SD of the test subjects was 57.02±12.45, while the control subjects had 51.86±13.27 as their mean age± SD. Statins had a significant effect on the reduction of C-reactive protein (p=0.001). Although, there was no correlation between the dosages of statins and its effect on C-reactive protein.Conclusions: Statins were found to have anti-inflammatory effects, although there was no significant correlation between the dosages of statins and their effect on c-reactive protein.
A study on effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on peri operative complications and outcome in patients under-going radical cystectomy for muscle invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Das Ranjit Kumar , Agrawal Vishnu , Khan Dawood , Dey Ranjan Kumar , Khan Imran Ahmad , Basu Supriya
Published: September 2018

Background: To compare the peri-operative complications, related to radical cystectomy and to compare peri operative outcomes between patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy and those treated with radical cystectomy alone.Methods: This was prospective observational study. The study was conducted at ‘The Department of Urosurgery, R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata’. Study period was between March 2016 to March 2018. Total 36 patients were included in present study. Patients after clinical diagnosis and risk factor profile analysis were divided into two groups: (1) radical cystectomy alone (n=24) (2) patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (gemcitabine and cisplatin regime) followed by radical cystectomy (n=12). Different parameters were compared.Results: Total 36 patients were underwent radical cystectomy. In group 1, 96% (n=23) were having T2 stage while 4% (n=1) were having T3stage. In group 2 25% (n=3) patients were having T2stage while 75% (n=9) were having T3 stage as per CECT staging. There were no significant difference noted in perioperative complications in both groups except perioperative adhesions (group 2, 47% vs group 1, 8.3%). There was significant time delay in radical cystectomy in group 2 (patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy).Conclusions: We found there were no significant increase in perioperative morbidity and mortality with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy. Most of the complications were comparable to previous studies.
Impact of short term yoga on anthropometric measures, body composition and serum lipid profile in overweight and obese adults: a pilot study
Authors: Shetty Balakrishna , Shetty Geetha B. , Shantaram Manjula , K. Manjunath N.
Published: September 2018

Background: Excess bodyweight is the sixth most important risk factor contributing to the overall burden of disease worldwide. Overweight and obesity have been called a global epidemic by the World Health Organization. The epidemic reflects progressive decreases in physical activity, together with substantial dietary changes with passive over-consumption of energy despite the neurobiological processes controlling food intake. This pilot study was undertaken to find out the impact of yoga practice in overweight and obese individuals.Methods: total of 32 subjects with BMI, ≥23to ≤40 were selected for the study for a single group pre-post trial. The subjects had undergone yogic intervention for one hour in the morning for 10 days. The changes in anthropometric measures, body composition and serum lipid profile were assessed before and after 10 days of yoga therapy.Results: The data obtained was verified for normal distribution and analysed using paired t-test with SPSS (version 20.0) package. Significant decrease in body weight, BMI, triglycerides and total cholesterol in obese subjects and a significant decrease in body weight, BMI and triglycerides of overweight subjects was observed.Conclusions: The study demonstrates the efficacy of yogic practices on anthropometric measures and lipid profile subjects with overweight and obesity.
Nonimmune hydrops foetalis: value of perinatal autopsy and placental examination in determining aetiology
Authors: T. Ramya , G. Umamaheswari , V. Chaitra
Published: September 2018

Background: Authors sought to determine the possible factors in the causation of nonimmune hydrops foetalis by perinatal autopsy with placental examination and to reduce the number of cases in which the cause remains elusive.Methods: Twenty five cases of nonimmune hydrops foetalis were identified in about 200 consecutive perinatal autopsies (including placental examination) performed during a 11 year period. The results were correlated with clinical, laboratory and imaging characteristics in an attempt to establish the aetiology.Results: Perinatal autopsy and placental examination confirmed the following aetiologies: cardiovascular causes (8) [isolated (4), syndromic (3) and associated chromosomal (1)], placental causes (5), chromosomal (4) [isolated(3) and associated cardiovascular disease (1)], intrathoracic (3), genitourinary causes (3), infections(1),gastrointestinal lesions (1) and idiopathic causes (1). Placental mesenchymal dysplasia was a unique pathology identified among the placental lesions, which constituted the second most common cause of nonimmune hydrops foetalis. Despite careful examination no cause was identified in one case. In more than 50% of studied cases, autopsy examination either refuted or altered the ultrasound diagnosis completely.Conclusions: The perinatal autopsy in combination with placental study and prenatal imaging represents the most promising tool in the evaluation of aetiology of nonimmune hydrops foetalis. The identification of   a cause for nonimmune hydrops foetalis will provide a better correlation with   recurrence risk and   parental counselling.
Study of oxidative stress biomarkers in obese children
Authors: Fariya Avni Kanji , Dias Bina F.
Published: September 2018

Background: The objective is to study the oxidative stress in obese and non-obese children by assessing the biomarkers of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) respectively. Childhood obesity is a growing global epidemic that requires attention due to the burden placed on the healthcare system for children and adults. Consumption of fatty foods and a high sugar, fat diet, and no exercise qualify as the main reasons for obesity among children and adults. Childhood obesity is connected with an increased risk of various diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular, stroke, certain types of cancer later in life, social problems and depression among youths. Obesity is also characterized by chronic low grade inflammation with permanently increased oxidative stress (OS). Over-expression of oxidative stress damages cellular structures together with under-production of anti-oxidant mechanisms, leading to the development of obesity-related complications.Methods: The study involved 25 obese children for Vitamin C, 20 obese children for Malondialdehyde (MDA) and 18 non obese children for both Vitamin C and MDA in the age group of 5-14 years, without any complications. This study was conducted at L.T.M.M College. Plasma Ascorbic Acid was estimated colorimetrically by using 2,6- dicholrophenol indophenol dye and similarly Malondialdehyde was estimated colorimetrically by MDA-TBA colored complex.Results: The study showed significantly higher values of MDA and lower level of Vitamin C in obese children as compared with non-obese children.Conclusions: The levels of lipid peroxidation marker Malondialdehyde (MDA) is higher and level of antioxidant marker Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) is lower in obese children as compared with non-obese children. Thereby increasing oxidative stress and hence the oxidative damage to cells.
A study of skin closure of surgical wound by subcuticular sutures with polyglactin 910 fast (rapide vicryl) in planned surgery
Authors: Gadhvi Ashwinkumar S. , Bhimani Dhavalkumar A. , Gadhvi Udit I. , Rajgor Darshil K.
Published: September 2018

Background: The skin is the largest and among the most complex organs of the body. Although the skin functions simply as a protective barrier to interface with our environment, its structure and physiology are complex. Suturing is commonly used today as a mean by which wounds are closed to prevent infection and fasten healing with minimal scarring. Cosmetic results of healed wound are also important and as awareness is increasing among general population, they are more concerned with cosmetic scar. Various techniques are developed to give cosmetically better scar, like subcuticular suture, adhesive tapes, staplers, etc.Methods: Study was randomized, prospective, observational and longitudinal including 100 patients, selected according to inclusion criteria.Results: Cosmetic result of the study were good; 87% patients were having good to excellent cosmetic results. And 13% patients were having scar which was cosmetically not good (scar was either hypertrophied or thickened). complication was not significant (only 3% having on post-operative day 5).Conclusions: Surgical wound closure with subcuticular suture with absorbable suture material gives excellent cosmetic results, cheaper and cost-effective compare to other technique of wound closure having similar cosmetic result. As the removal of suture is not required, no follow up visit needed, and it saves the extra time and expenditure of patient.
Evaluation of cerebral venous thrombosis by computed tomography/MRI and magnetic resonance venography in pregnant and postpartum women: a prospective study
Authors: Singh Neelam , Udainiya Dinesh , Kulshreshtha Sonal , Bindal Jyoti
Published: September 2018

Background: Diagnosis of Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is challenging as it is an uncommon cause of stroke with varied clinical presentations, predisposing factors, imaging findings, and outcomes. Prompt and accurate diagnosis is important for timely intervention in order to reverse and significantly reduce the acute and long-term sequel. Aims and objectives was to study cerebral venous thrombosis in pregnant and post-partum women.Methods: Hundred pregnant and postpartum women having CVT were studied at Kamla Raja Hospital and JA Group of Hospital at GR Medical College, Gwalior Madhya Pradesh for study period of 2016 to 2017. All the women had undergone CT/MRI and MRV.Results: Age of CVT patients ranged from 18-35 years with a maximum incidence (84%) in the 2nd decade (20-30 years). Sixty two percent women had infarction; out of that 53% had hemorrhagic infarction. Frontal lobe (10%) and temporal lobe (10%) were more affected. Superior sagittal sinus (SSS) was most commonly involved (71%) followed by transverse sinus (66%) and sigmoid sinus (45%). Superficial venous system was involved in 32 patients while deep venous system was involved in 20 patients. Majority of (82%) patients had combination of sinuses and venous involvement.Conclusions: CVT was more prevalent in young pregnant and postpartum women. Hemorrhagic infarction were common and affecting frontal and temporal lobe. SSS were mostly affected in CVT. MRV should be the first line diagnostic tool for diagnosis of CVT in pregnant and postpartum women.
A study of ultrasonographic transcerebellar diameter in assessment of fetal gestational age
Authors: Mathur Yashvir , Chauhan Rahul Dev
Published: September 2018

Background: Accurate assessment of gestational age is of paramount importance for the clinician to impart holistic antenatal care and is also essential prerequisite to plan the various clinical tests and interventions. Ultrasound (USG) morphometric measurements of fetal parts have been used to assess gestational age of the fetus with improved accuracy. The present study aims at comparing the ultrasonographic measurement of transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD) with other previously established fetal ultrasound biometric parameters, to study its role in patients of suspected intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and to study ultrasonographic appearance of fetal cerebellum with advancing gestational age.Methods: A total of 153 pregnant women who were referred for antenatal ultrasound examination were divided into two groups-Group I had 137 healthy pregnant women with normal fetuses between 14-40 weeks of gestation and Group II had 16 patients suspected to have IUGR clinically.Results: In group I, there was a curvilinear relationship between TCD and BPD, TCD and HC, TCD and AC and TCD and FL with correlation coefficients being 0.9810, 0.9181, 0.9649 and 0.9513 respectively. In group II, TCD correlated with gestational age predicted by last menstrual period. The remaining biometric parameters in group-II predicted a fetus of much earlier grade. The study findings also suggested a gradual and steady change in ultrasonographic appearances of cerebellum with advancing gestation.Conclusions: Ultrasonographic measurement of TCD shows excellent correlation with advancing gestational age and with other previously established biometric parameters. TCD can serve as an independent and reliable indicator of gestational age and a standard against which aberrations in fetal growth may be compared.
Prevalence of tracheobronchial anomalies among patients undergoing fibreoptic bronchoscopy: a retrospective analysis from a tertiary care hospital in Wayanad, Kerala, India
Authors: Sunny Amitha , Chetambath Ravindran , Shivashankaran Sanjeev , Aslam Muhammed
Published: September 2018

Background: Tracheobronchial anomalies are a rare clinical entity and often asymptomatic in nature. Some patients may experience symptoms such as cough, recurrent pneumonia or hemoptysis. Knowledge and understanding of tracheobronchial variations have important implications for diagnosis of symptomatic patients and performing certain procedures, including bronchoscopy and endotracheal intubation. Objective was to study the prevalence of tracheobronchial anomalies detected during routine bronchoscopy in a tertiary care setting.Methods: Retrospective analysis of hospital data of patients undergoing fibreoptic bronchoscopy for one year in a tertiary care setting.Results: There were 149 bronchoscopies evaluated. Total of 41 anomalies were detected in 34 (22.8%) subjects. The most common anomaly was bronchial diverticula.Conclusions: This retrospective study takes stock of various tracheobronchial anomalies among subjects who underwent bronchoscopy in a tertiary care hospital in Wayanad, North Malabar. This study revealed major tracheobronchial anomalies in 22.8% of subjects which is higher when compared to previous studies. This is particularly important due to the fact that Wayanad is a backward hilly district and tribal community constitutes 20% of its population.
Role of multi-detector computed tomography in congenital heart diseases
Authors: Mangal Ritema , Jain Abhilasha , Amin Pankaj , Sheth Megha M. , Jain Sharad
Published: September 2018

Background: The study aimed to assess sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of CT scan in diagnosing various cardiovascular anomalies in patients with complex congenital heart disease; to obtain additional information in pre-operative patients, inconclusive on echocardiography; and to compare results of multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) with cardiac catheter angiography (CCA) in accurately delineating the cardiovascular morphological features and to determine if MDCT can replace diagnostic CCA in evaluation of complex CHD.Methods: In this prospective, comparative, single-centre study, a total 50 patients were included in the study aged between 6 days to 17 years. All patients were referred by pediatric cardiologists between August, 2014 and November, 2016. All patients had undergone initial echocardiography and final diagnosis was confirmed by comparing MDCT data with CCA.Results: Total of 177 cardiovascular anomalies are found in our study of 50 patients out of these 3 cases of VSD and one case of ASD was missed on CT angiography and its overall accuracy as compared to catheter angiography was found to be 97.1% Its accuracy in evaluation of TOF, DORV, TAPVC, TA TGA, COA, right sided aortic arch, MAPVC, persistent SVC, PDA, PS, vascular sling and coronary cameral fistula was 100%.Conclusions: The MDCT is found comparable to CCA in the diagnosis of extra cardiac vascular anomalies but the overall sensitivity in the diagnosis of intra-cardiac anomalies is little lower. It can be used as a substitute to CCA in complex CHD and is very helpful tool in preoperative planning and postoperative follow-up.
A comparison of propofol and etomidate as anaesthetic agents for elective non-cardiac surgery
Authors: Kumar Amit , Shekhawat Kamlesh Kanwar , Sharma Roma , Mangwana Pramod
Published: September 2018

Background: To compare propofol and etomidate as anaesthetic agents for elective non-cardiac surgery with respect to stability of haemodynamic parameters, systemic side effects and quality of induction.Methods: Randomised, blinded study of 100 patients posted for elective non-cardia surgery under general anaesthesia, divided in to two group. In group P(n=50) induction was achieved with injection Propofol 1mg/kg, whereas in group E(n=50), it was achieved with injection etomidate 0.3mg/kg after premedication with injection midazolam 0.04mg/kg and fentanyl 2µg/kg in both the group. Hemodynamic parameters like, heart rate, systolic BP, diastolic BP, Mean BP and induction time in seconds, pain on injection, myoclonus, post-operative nausea, vomiting were recorded at different time intervals (base line, at induction, immediately after intubation and 1,3,5 and 15 min after intubation).Results: There was no statistically difference was found in demographic profile and baseline hemodynamic parameters but significant different was found in intraoperative mean HR, SBP, DBP, MBP at various time intervals, and our result was more in favour of E group as compare to P, in which above recorded vital parameters were decreased more than E and induction time was also faster in E as compare to P. Pain on injection and post-operative nausea, vomiting was more in group P as compare to E, however the myoclonus movements was more in E group as compare to P but statistically not significant.Conclusions: Etomidate is a better intravenous induction agent of anaesthesia than Propofol in hemodynamically unstable patient also as it has faster onset of action with less pain and post-operative nausea, vomiting with good hemodynamic stability.
An unusual presentation of postauricular swelling: cholesterol granuloma
Authors: Singh Pradeep Kumar , Kumar Alekh , Nayak Gajendra
Published: September 2018

Post auricular swellings are not uncommon encounterances in surgical practice. Common differential diagnosis would include dermoid and lymph nodes. Cholesterol granulomas are cystic swellings formed with a multi-nucleated giant cell reaction to red blood cells’ breakdown products, haemosiderin and cholesterol crystals. Any aerated portion of the temporal bone may develop a cholesterol granuloma; the mastoid air cells are the most common location and are the most common cystic lesion of the petrous apex. This is the first, unique and rare case of post auricular presentation of a cholesterol granuloma. 21-year-old female presented with a painless swelling behind the left ear from last four years. The radiological examination revealed a left-sided, soft-tissue mass extending into the posterior fossa. She underwent a surgical exploration and complete resection was achieved. The histopathological and radiological features were consistent with a cholesterol granuloma. Authors have seen first case of a mastoid cholesterol granuloma presented as a postauricular swelling. This case illustrates the need to consider cholesterol granuloma in daily clinical practice. Otologists should be aware of uncharacteristic invasive cholesterol granulomas of the mastoid, which require aggressive surgical obliteration.
Curcumin prevents renal oxidative stress and tissue damage induced by renal ischemia/reperfusion in rats
Authors: Erturk Nazile , Elbe Hulya , Dogan Zumrut , Aktas Serdar , Demirbilek Savas , Ozturk Feral
Published: September 2018

Background: There is increasing evidence to suggest that curcumin has antioxidant efficacy in renal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). However, it has not been investigated whether this effect is dose-dependent or not.  The aim of this study is to investigate the dose-dependent effect of curcumin on renal IRI in an experimental rat model.Methods: The rats (n=32) were separated into four groups: sham, I/R, I/R+CUR-50, I/R+CUR-100. Rats were subjected to renal ischemia by clamping bilateral renal pedicles for 60 min, and then reperfused for 3 h. Animals in treatment groups received 50 mg/kg/day and 100 mg/kg/day curcumin orally for 5 days before IRI, respectively. MDA, GSH, SOD, and CAT activities were determined in renal tissue. Renal tissue also evaluated histopathologically for mean histopathological damage score.Results: The mean MDA levels in the I/R+CUR-50 and I/R+CUR-100 groups were significantly decreased when compared with the I/R group (p=0.038 and p=0.016, respectively). SOD, CAT and GSH levels of all treatment groups were significantly increased in comparison to that of I/R group (p<0.05, for all). No statistically significant difference between treatment groups were detected (p>0.05). In histological examination, the rats treated with curcumin had nearly normal morphology of the kidney.Conclusions: Curcumin significantly ameliorates the damage of renal IRI by its antioxidant activity. We detected the highest intraperitoneal dose of curcumin reduced the IRI induced oxidative stress as 50 mg/kg per day.
Predictor of early post-operative small bowel obstruction in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy and the role of computed tomography in detecting need for re-laparotomy
Authors: Singh Sunil Kumar , Singh Arun , Kumar Rajnikant
Published: September 2018

Background: Early Post-Operative Small Bowel Obstruction (EP-SBO) is common complication following laparotomy. Pathophysiology of early post-operative small bowel obstruction is poorly understood.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted over a period of 18 month on 180 patients who underwent emergency abdominal laparotomy.Results: EP-SBO developed in 35.55% patients. History of previous surgery, location of disease, degree of peritonitis, operative procedure, wound dehiscence was found to be significantly related with occurrence of EP-SBO.Conclusions: EP-SBO is more likely to develop if patient had history of previous surgery, peritonitis, some operative procedure, ostomy, wound dehiscence. We should have a preventive attitude towards any risk factor at any stage- Before, During and After surgery and CECT-Abdomen is a helpful tool in establishing need of re-laparotomy.