bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Properties of Stretching-Bending Synergistic Lattice Materials
Authors: Liu Hui , Yang Zhongliang , Long Lianchun
Published: June 2023

Lattice materials are widely used in engineering structures as their potential for multifunctional applications. In this study, a body-centered cubic (BCC) stretching-bending synergistic lattice material is constructed based on the face-centered cubic with vertical struts (FCCZ) stretching configuration that has both stretching and bending deformation mechanisms. Finite element models and equivalent models are established to investigate the mechanical properties of the stretching-bending synergistic lattice material. The effect of the relative density of the frame unit cell is studied. The results show that the finite element model agrees well with the calculated results of the equivalent model. The stiffness of the stretching-bending synergistic lattice material is significantly increased with the increase of the relative density of the frame unit cell. The findings of this work provide a reference for predicting and optimizing the mechanical properties of the stretching-bending synergistic lattice materials.
The influence of detonation interval on the dynamic response of underground fortification
Authors: Yuan Jianfei , Feng Chun , Lin Qindong , Jiao Wenjun , Gan Yundan
Published: June 2023

It is of great theoretical significance and engineering application to investigate the influence of detonation interval on the dynamic response of underground fortification under blasting loading. First, a numerical simulation of underground fortification under blast loading is carried out based on the continuum-discontinuum element method. Then, the displacement characteristic of underground fortification is analyzed. Finally, the fracture characteristic of underground fortification is analyzed. The results indicate that the increasing trend of displacement at the top boundary gradually decays with the increase of detonation interval. The final value of displacement at the left boundary first increases and then decreases with the increase of detonation interval. With the increase in detonation interval, the proportion of concrete undergoing shear fracture at the top, left, and right boundary gradually decreases.
Energy Absorption Characteristics of Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Lattices
Authors: Wang Haodong , Li Siqi , Wang Cunxian
Published: June 2023

Historically, structural equipment has been studied to determine the impact and protection of its components, and common energy-absorbing materials include honeycomb, foam, bellows, and expansion tubes. According to related analyses, topological metamaterial structures designed based on mathematically known non-self-intersecting three-periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) may possess superior mechanical properties. It is demonstrated in this study that a solid structure with a TPMS of 10 mm × 10 mm × 10 mm is constructed based on the Schwarz Primitive surface. Analyses were conducted on the effects of element type and modeling conditions on simulation results. Based on the simulation results, the solid element exhibited better analysis accuracy than the shell element. The structure had a better energy absorption capability when its surface thickness was set at approximately 1.31 mm.
The Fatigue topology optimization of orthotropic materials
Authors: Ye Hongling , Zhang Yiwen , Wei Nan , Wang Weiwei , Xiao Yang
Published: June 2023

Combining with the constitutive relation of orthotropic materials, a fatigue topology optimization model considering orthotropic materials is established based on the Independent Continuous Mapping (ICM) method. It uses the minimum structural mass as the optimization objective, the element fatigue life as the constraint condition, and the criterion method. The fatigue life filtration function, mass filtration function, and stiffness filtration function are introduced to identify whether the material is retained. The effectuality of the method is verified by several numerical examples, and the influence of different filter function coefficients on the results is explored. This paper has some theoretical significance for considering the fatigue properties of orthotropic material components in the conceptual design stage.
Experimental study on hysteretic properties of oscillating column structures
Authors: Zhao Bingzhen , Zhang Xiaomeng , Chen Jia , Feng Yao
Published: June 2023

This research aims at the problem of excessive temperature stress in the super-long structural system. In order to release the temperature stress and bending moment, a new type of oscillating column structure is proposed. Rubber pads are set up above and below the column to reduce the transmission of bending moment and make the column suffer more shear and axial force. The mechanical properties and mechanism were studied by seismic test. The experimental structure shows that this system has good deformation and mechanical properties compared with ordinary column structure and can be effectively applied to practical engineering.
Seismic performance of fabricated reinforced concrete bridge piers based on durable grouting material
Authors: Zhang Encheng , Yan Xianliang , Song Linlin , Cui Fengkun , Wang Risheng
Published: June 2023

To meet the high durable requirements of assembled bridge piers in the marine environment, a new grout is used in the grout sleeve to improve the corrosion resistance of the pier bottom. The seismic performance of piers adopting this new grout is studied. Firstly, a dynamic analysis model of the assembled reinforced concrete bridge pier with this grout is established using the finite element software ABAQUS. Moreover, the damage modes, hysteresis curves, and energy consumption for low reversal cyclic loading are investigated. The results indicate that the seismic failure mode of the precast piers is the concrete damage at the joints of the precast members, and the local damage of the grout in the grout sleeve does not affect the integral seismic performance of the bridge pier.
Plasma fluorination modified CaTiO3 for dielectric properties of PTFE-based composites
Authors: Zheng Xiaolei , Wang Qun
Published: June 2023

The interface incompatibility between organic polymer and inorganic ceramic filler is a common phenomenon in polymer-based dielectric composites. In this paper, the Ar/CF4 plasma is used to modify the CaTiO3 particles, which improved the dispersion of CaTiO3 and its compatibility with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The findings demonstrate that growing argon (Ar) flow rate was beneficial to enhance discharge and increase fluorinated graft content. The modified CaTiO3/PTFE is uniformly distributed and has no serious agglomeration phenomenon, which effectively improves its dielectric characteristics. Modified CaTiO3/PTFE composite with 5 wt.% CaTiO3 has a dielectric constant of 2.32 whilst the dielectric loss reaches 2.8 × 10−3 at around 10 GHz.
Searching for phase transitions in neutron stars with modified Gaussian processes
Authors: Mroczek Debora , Coleman Miller M. , Noronha-Hostler Jacquelyn , Yunes Nicolas
Published: June 2023

Gaussian processes provide a promising framework by which to extrapolate the equation of state (EoS) of cold, catalyzed matter beyond 1 – 2 times nuclear saturation density. Here we discuss how to extend Gaussian processes to include nontrivial features in the speed of sound, such as bumps, kinks, and plateaus, which are predicted by nuclear models with exotic degrees of freedom. Using a fully Bayesian analysis incorporating measurements from X-ray sources, gravitational wave observations, and perturbative QCD results, we show that these features are compatible with current constraints and report on how the features affect the EoS posteriors.
Constraints on the Nuclear Symmetry Energy from Experiments, Theory and Observations
Authors: Lattimer James M.
Published: June 2023

Nuclear mass measurements and neutron matter theory tightly constrain the nuclear symmetry energy parameters J, L, Ksym
and Qsym
. Corroboration of these constraints on J and L can be found from measurements of the neutron skin thicknesses and dipole polarizabilities of neutron-rich nuclei. The experimental constraints on these parameters are compared with those obtained from consideration of astrophysical measurements of the neutron star radius, which we show is highly correlated with L. Attention is aimed at the recent PREX and CREX neutron skin measurements from Jefferson Lab, NICER neutron star radius measurements, and a new interpretation of the GW170817 tidal deformability measurement. We find joint satisfaction of PREX and CREX gives J = 32.2 ± 1.7 MeV and L = 52.9 ± 13.2 MeV, in excellent agreement with neutron matter predictions of J = 32.0±1.1 MeV and L = 51.9±7.9 MeV.
Chiral Transport Phenomena and Compact Stars
Authors: Manuel Cristina
Published: June 2023

I will review the main chiral transport phemomena arising in systems made up of (almost) massless fermions associated to the quantum chiral anomaly. These quantum effects might have relevant implications in compact stars, and I will review some relevant works that reveal so. I will also show how a conservation law that has the same form of the chiral anomaly also emerge in perfect classical fluids, which expresses a conservation law of magnetic, fluid and mixed helicities for isentropic fluids, and why this should also be relevant in compact stars.
Superconducting detector magnets for high energy physics
Authors: Mentink M. , Sasaki K. , Cure B. , Deelen N. , Dudarev A. , Abe M. , Iio M. , Makida Y. , Okamura T. , Ogitsu T. , Sumi N. , Yamamoto A. , Yoshida M. , Iinuma H.
Published: June 2023

Various superconducting detector solenoids for particle
physics have been developed in the world. The key technology is the
aluminum-stabilized superconductor for almost all the detector
magnets in particle physics experiments. The coil fabrication
technology is also important and it has advanced along with the
conductor technology, such as the inner coil winding technique,
indirect cooling, transparent vacuum vessel, quench protection
scheme using pure aluminum strips and so on. The detector solenoids
design study is in progress for future big projects in Japan and
Europe, that is, ILC (International Linear Collider), FCC (Future
Circular Collider) and CLIC (Compact LInear Collider), based on the
technologies established over many years. The combination of good
mechanical properties and keeping a high RRR is a key point for the
development of Al-stabilized conductor. The present concern for the
detector solenoid development is to have been nearly losing the key
technologies and experiences. Nowadays, there are no industrial
companies having the capacity to manufacture such aluminum
stabilized superconductor. Complementary efforts are seriously
required to re-realize and validate the performance required in the
future projects in collaboration with worldwide institutes and
industries. Some mid-scale physics experiments required detector
solenoids wound with not aluminum stabilized conductor but
conventional copper stabilized conductor. The specific requirement
is to control the magnetic field distribution precisely, and the
efforts to realize the requirement are on going with regard to the
magnetic field design technology with high precision simulation,
coil fabrication technology and so on.
Intercropping red chili with leguminous crops to improve crop diversity and farmers’ resilience to climate change effects in dryland
Authors: Jaya I K D , Santoso B B , Jayaputra
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to explore the potential benefits of intercropping and determine the best time to sow leguminous crops between the rows of red chili or chili crops. Two leguminous crops, mungbean, and peanut were intercropped with chili in a dryland area of Gumantar, North Lombok, Indonesia. The leguminous seeds were sown five times; at the same time, a week, two weeks, three weeks, and four weeks after transplanting the chili seedlings. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The size of each treatment plot was 600 × 100 cm, and the chili crops’ spacing was 60 × 60 cm. Three rows of leguminous crops were sown between the rows of chili crops with a spacing of 20 × 20 cm. Monocropping of chili, mungbean, and peanut was also provided in each block to calculate the land equivalent ratio (LER). The results showed that all the intercropping treatments had a LER value of higher than 1.0, indicating the advantage of intercropping over monocropping in terms of land utilization.
Crepidium ridleyi (J.J.Sm.) Szlach., a threatened endemic terrestrial orchid of Java: A Maxent modeling to predict the current and future potential distribution
Authors: Usmadi D , Wati R K , Cahyaningsih R , Purnomo D W
Published: June 2023

Crepidium ridleyi (J.J.Sm.) Szlach. is one of the endemic terrestrial orchids from Java. Due to rapid development and habitat fragmentation, it faces a severe threat of extinction. In this study, we predict the specific habitat of C. ridleyi within Java Island using the future greenhouse gas emission scenarios of RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 for the years 2050 and 2070. The occurrences were found in protected sites but have yet to be conserved in ex-situ sites. The current and future of this species distribution model comparison showed that habitat suitability is declining, even projecting the extinction in the worst scenario in the far future. Thus, supporting active conservation efforts for this species is strongly advised to protect it from extinction and use it sustainably.
Insect-resistance test of Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on several maize hybrid lines
Authors: Tenrirawe A , Sebayang A , Rahman A A , Bahtiar  , Yasin M
Published: June 2023

To reduce the loss because of pest attacks, it is important to select a maize hybrid line resistant to Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (maize weevil). This strategy can reduce seed damage during preservation and is safe for the environment. Therefore, the research was conducted to screen the germplasm resistance of maize against the attack of the powdery mildew S. zeamais. Maize strain resistance testing against S. zeamais was carried out in 2018 by testing 30 genetic materials of corn germplasm then the entry was stored in a freezer for 2 weeks which aims to kill warehouse insect pests from the field. Of the thirty accessions/lines of maize germplasm that were tested for resistance to the S. zeamais attack, there were twelve accessions/entries which showed high resistance, namely accession numbers/lines 48, 105, 228, 235, 237, 239, 273, 285, 290, 301, 342, 375. This resilience can be seen in the vulnerability index and the number of F1 progenies S. zeamais produced. The susceptibility index ranged from 0.9 to 3.6 and the number of F1 S. zeamais progeny ranged from 1.5 to 3.5 individuals. The methods and results of this study are useful before the release of the variety to the public.
After 25 years of reclamation project, Fabaceae family in forest succession of the tailing area
Authors: Sinaga N I , Wanma J F , Benu N M H , Douw Y , Sinaga T , Sarwom R
Published: June 2023

Since 1995, PT Freeport Indonesia has been building forest succession in its tailing area. The first vascular plants were ferns. The spermatophyte species, especially grass, were coming later. In 2005, grassland covered all permanent plots, except a few small trees from pioneer species. The Family Fabaceae was one of the plant groups found in the area, with 12 species. Over 15 years later, the grassland area has vanished, replaced by secondary forest. The composition of plants is changing, including the Fabaceae family. In 2021, researchers will investigate what the species is and how it contributed to the succession. The method of the study is a descriptive method with both survey and analysis vegetation techniques using plot samples. About 25 plots were put in every location, including seedling, sapling, pole, and tree plots. The location was about 12 areas in the natural succession forest of the tailing area. The results show that about 25 genera and 40 species under the Fabaceae family occur in the area. The Fabaceae family is a unique species that brings fertilization conditions to plants.
Social vulnerability toward tsunami hazard in the coastal area of Bayah Dome Geopark, in Lebak Regency, Banten Province
Authors: Prihartanto  , Akhirianto N A , Trisnafiah S , Ghifari B F , Ganesha D , Yuvhendmindo M R , Ainunnisa F
Published: June 2023

The prominent character of geodiversity, biodiversity, and cultural diversity in Bayah Dome coastal has encouraged the Lebak Regency government to promote Bayah Dome Geopark (BDG) in 2020. On the other side, the potential hazards of an earthquake and tsunami originating from the subduction zone on the south coast of the BDG will increase the vulnerability of the community. This study aims to develop a social vulnerability model for the tsunami disaster in the BDG area based on the population potentially exposed to the disaster and the vulnerable group’s ratio parameters. This research was conducted in six sub-districts in the southern part of the BDG coastal area. The results show the Bayah and Malingping sub-districts have the highest level of social vulnerability. Bayah District in 2019 was the highest with a score of 2.0, this was due to the high number of tourist visitors. Meanwhile, Wanasalam, Cilograng, Panggarangan, and Cihara have low social vulnerability classes with a score of 1.4. Therefore, it is recommended to prioritize social intervention for Bayah and Malingping sub-districts to upgrade community capacity for tsunami hazards.
The area of flood run-off with HEC-RAS modeling in Cabang Dua River, Manokwari Regency, West Papua Province
Authors: Padila A , Wanggai C B , Kesaulija F F , Sadsoeitoeboen B M G
Published: June 2023

Wosi watershed is one of the watersheds with a Classification Restored Carrying capacity, and it is also indicated to have decreased hydrological function. this study aims to find out the extent of the flood discharge plan/peak runoff (m3/s) and plan/peak of the flood affected (ha). This research was conducted in 3 months (September - November 2020). The observed object is Cabang Dua river Wosi, in Manokwari, West Papua. The data of the research results are analyzed descriptively quantitatively with the technique of interpretation and analysis of maps. The results showed the value of flood discharge plan on repeat 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 years respectively are 89.05 m3/s, 118.50 m3/s, 128.46 m3/s, 135.01 m3/s, 137.57 m3/s, and 138.94 m3/s. It is known that Cabang Dua river is unable to accommodate the discharge and causes flooding at any time (2-100 years) with successive areas of 13.88 ha, 14.36 ha, 14.52 ha, 14.60 ha, 14.67 ha, and 14.71 ha.
Hydrometeorological hazard detection and warning for risk reduction in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Tejakusuma I G , Sittadewi E H , Fitriani R
Published: June 2023

Climate-related disasters, including hydrometeorological disasters, have increased over the last decade, accounting for more than 90% of all-natural disasters in Indonesia. To reduce the risk of disaster, the hydrometeorological disaster must be mitigated. The research, carried out at Sukakerti and Tugumukti villages in West Java, aimed at assessing flash flood disaster conditions and designing hydrometeorological disaster early warning instrumentation for community preparedness. Sukakerti Village has a V-shaped river valley and winding primary and secondary forest morphology. Rainfall-caused landslides precede flash floods. Tugumukti village is characterized by undulating hills and is situated directly on a small river flowing from Mount Burangrang. The river that caused the flash flood is only a few tens of meters wide, but settlements have sprung up all around it. Drought affects agricultural activities during the dry season. Hydrometeorological early warning instrumentation for landslides, flash floods, and agricultural droughts comprises radio communication between field devices and routers and a remote data center. Humidity, temperature, solar radiation, wind speed and direction, rainfall, soil moisture, slope, and ground vibration are all sensors. A speaker on the router warns the public of a potential disaster. This technology outperforms GSM and satellite communications in terms of cost, operation, and maintenance.
Analysis of land conversion to economic growth: the case of other purpose areas
Authors: Harewan Y , Wurarah R N , Santoso B , Sabariah V
Published: June 2023

Land conversion is a shift in the function of a portion or all of the land area from its original use to another function that has an influence on the land’s potential. Land conversion in the Papua region is most common in other purpose areas (OPAs), which are allocated based on the neemoment’s needs. OPA management in sustaining life support systems may benefit the community and aid in environmental preservation. Growing economic activity has resulted in increased population settlements and pressure on land usage through land conversion. This study used a system dynamics model to examine changes in land conversion caused by the community’s dynamic economic and social activities. The simulated findings until 2040 demonstrate that land conversion contributes considerably to economic growth through land use for agriculture, settlement, industry, infrastructure, and commerce. Through the increased value obtained, this land usage benefits the population’s economy. The region, which does not have an OPA, tends to use the main forested areas to meet the community’s demand for farmland.
Stratified tissue biofabrication by rotational internal flow layer engineering
Authors: Holland Ian , Shu Wenmiao , Davies Jamie A
Published: June 2023

The bioassembly of layered tissue that closely mimics human histology presents challenges for tissue engineering. Existing bioprinting technologies lack the resolution and cell densities necessary to form the microscale cell-width layers commonly observed in stratified tissue, particularly when using low-viscosity hydrogels, such as collagen. Here we present rotational internal flow layer engineering (RIFLE), a novel, low-cost biofabrication technology for assembling tuneable, multi-layered tissue-like structures. Using high-speed rotating tubular moulds, small volumes of cell-laden liquids added to the inner surface were transitioned into thin layers and gelled, progressively building macroscale tubes composed of discrete microscale strata with thicknesses a function of rotational speed. Cell encapsulation enabled the patterning of high-density layers (108 cells ml−1) into heterogenous constructs. RIFLE versatility was demonstrated through tunica media assembly, encapsulating human smooth muscle cells in cell-width (12.5 µm) collagen layers. Such deposition of discrete microscale layers, facilitates the biofabrication of composite structures mimicking the nature of native stratified tissue. This enabling technology has the potential to allow researchers to economically create a range of representative layered tissue.
Characterization of the proximity to urban areas of the global energy potential of solar and wind energies
Authors: Silva Herran Diego , Ashina Shuichi
Published: June 2023

This study estimates the global energy potential of solar photovoltaics and onshore wind power and characterizes it with respect to the proximity to urban areas. Solar and wind power are centerpieces of a decarbonized energy system, and that different to other energy resources are disperse and widely available across the world. Therefore, characterizing how close or far these resources can improve the estimation of their availability. The analysis is based on a model using geo-referenced data and parameters related to the energy resources, technologies and land features. Results showed that the energy potential of solar (409 PWh yr−1) and wind (354 PWh yr−1) energies concentrates in the vicinity of urban areas, demonstrating the value of resources close to urban areas for covering current electricity needs. For example, current electricity consumption can be covered with high-grade solar resources (capacity factor >24%) within 30 km away from urban areas, or with middle-grade onshore wind resources (capacity factor >20%) within 20 km away from urban areas. Thus, it suggests that constraining the use of solar and wind energy in the proximity of urban areas due to social acceptability concerns, may significantly impact the deployment of high to mid-quality resources. The study is a starting point to evaluate the effect of restrictions and costs related to the proximity on the availability of renewable resources and their penetration in long-term decarbonization scenarios.
Area & power modeling for different tree topologies of parallel prefix adders
Authors: Gupta Tukur , Verma Gaurav , Akhter Shamim
Published: June 2023

Parallel prefix adder (PPA) being an indispensable component of processors needs prompt estimation of design metrics at the initial stage of design cycle. However, the available commercial tools take significant amount of time for the estimation process. The prior availability of area and power models can greatly reduce time-to-market. Symmetrical construction and quick computational ability of PPAs make them competent candidates for adder circuits in complex applications. This paper proposes area and power models for Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) implementation of classic PPAs, targeted to Xilinx Zynq-7000 family. The available literature barely presents parameters estimation and their analysis for PPAs. Therefore, modeling proposed in this paper is a novel work. PPA structures are simulated, synthesized and implemented using commercial tool i.e. VIVADO IDE. Models have been developed using curve fitting and validated against commercial tool. Results show an average estimation error ranging from 0.37% to 1.34% in case of area modeling and 0.23% to 0.59% in case of power modeling which are comparable with state of the art.
Magnetohydrodynamics with physics informed neural operators
Authors: Rosofsky Shawn G , Huerta E A
Published: June 2023

The modeling of multi-scale and multi-physics complex systems typically involves the use of scientific software that can optimally leverage extreme scale computing. Despite major developments in recent years, these simulations continue to be computationally intensive and time consuming. Here we explore the use of AI to accelerate the modeling of complex systems at a fraction of the computational cost of classical methods, and present the first application of physics informed neural operators (NOs) (PINOs) to model 2D incompressible magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations. Our AI models incorporate tensor Fourier NOs as their backbone, which we implemented with the TensorLY package. Our results indicate that PINOs can accurately capture the physics of MHD simulations that describe laminar flows with Reynolds numbers

Re
⩽
250

. We also explore the applicability of our AI surrogates for turbulent flows, and discuss a variety of methodologies that may be incorporated in future work to create AI models that provide a computationally efficient and high fidelity description of MHD simulations for a broad range of Reynolds numbers. The scientific software developed in this project is released with this manuscript.
DeepAlgPro: an interpretable deep neural network model for predicting allergenic proteins
Authors: He Chun , Ye Xinhai , Yang Yi , Hu Liya , Si Yuxuan , Zhao Xianxin , Chen Longfei , Fang Qi , Wei Ying , Wu Fei , Ye Gongyin
Published: June 2023

Allergies have become an emerging public health problem worldwide. The most effective way to prevent allergies is to find the causative allergen at the source and avoid re-exposure. However, most of the current computational methods used to identify allergens were based on homology or conventional machine learning methods, which were inefficient and still had room to be improved for the detection of allergens with low homology. In addition, few methods based on deep learning were reported, although deep learning has been successfully applied to several tasks in protein sequence analysis. In the present work, a deep neural network-based model, called DeepAlgPro, was proposed to identify allergens. We showed its great accuracy and applicability to large-scale forecasts by comparing it to other available tools. Additionally, we used ablation experiments to demonstrate the critical importance of the convolutional module in our model. Moreover, further analyses showed that epitope features contributed to model decision-making, thus improving the model’s interpretability. Finally, we found that DeepAlgPro was capable of detecting potential new allergens. Overall, DeepAlgPro can serve as powerful software for identifying allergens.
Navigating Judicial Conflict amidst Jurisdictional Expansion: Common Law Commercial Courts in Arab Civil Law Countries
Authors: Dahdal Andrew
Published: June 2023

In recent decades, jurisdictionally separate common law commercial courts have emerged alongside existing civil law judicial systems, particularly in the Middle East. Although these unique common law judicial outposts are creating complex jurisdictional dynamics with their local civil law counterparts, their existence is also inspiring innovative structural solutions and cultural interactions. Recent cases in Dubai and Qatar reveal that the originally intended limited jurisdiction of these common law courts is expanding beyond what Michael Hwang once famously termed ‘common law lakes in civil law oceans’. One of the ways in which common law courts are expanding their remit beyond the bounds of their financial centre ‘lakes’ is by making it easier for litigants to ‘opt in’ to the jurisdiction. Increasingly, an identity crisis has also gripped some of these courts as they now regularly accept and identify themselves as local ‘State courts’. From the perspective of these courts and their institutional credibility, the State court designation is positive for their growth and acceptance. Being a State court allows financial centre courts to capture litigation where contractual language has employed the State courts language in forum election clauses. This article explores the expansion of these international commercial courts and consequent or potential tensions with local judicial structures. Delicately managed, the expansion of jurisdiction of these common law ‘outposts’ can contribute to a legal synthesis influencing both law and legal cultures, including the broader judicial systems of host States. The experience of the two jurisdictions explored in this article is instructive for the future design of similar judicial instrumentalities in similar financial centre projects in other emerging economies.
CSFL: Cooperative Security Aware Federated Learning Model Using The Blockchain
Authors: Zhang Jiaomei , Ye Ayong , Chen Jianwei , Zhang Yuexin , Yang Wenjie
Published: June 2023

Federated learning (FL) is a focus of research in the area of privacy protection since it does not have the privacy issues that arise from data concentration. Although its emergence has attracted widespread attention from academia and industry, existing works on FL still face security challenges. FL can be considered as a cooperative-based task to achieve global model sharing. However, the model raises issues of cooperative security, such as free-riding and poisoning attacks. Therefore, we focus on the behavior of participants with strong cooperative relationships and build a Cooperative Security-aware Federated Learning model using blockchain. In addition, we propose a credit-based economic model including profit and punishment mechanisms to ensure fairness and security among participants. Furthermore, for data privacy, we develop a participation permission strategy to protect the privacy of participants through proxy re-encryption and homomorphic encryption. Finally, the simulation results of the real datasets show that the proposed scheme achieves a good performance in security and accuracy.
The effect of discontinuing beta-blockers after different treatment durations following acute myocardial infarction in optimally treated, stable patients without heart failure: a Danish, nationwide cohort study
Authors: Halili Andrim , Holt Anders , Eroglu Talip E , Haxha Saranda , Zareini Bochra , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Bang Casper N
Published: June 2023

Aims

We studied the effect of discontinuing beta-blockers following myocardial infarction in comparison to continuous beta-blocker use in optimally treated, stable patients without heart failure.

Methods and results

Using nationwide registers, we identified first-time myocardial infarction patients treated with beta-blockers following percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary angiography. The analysis was based on landmarks selected as 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years after the first redeemed beta-blocker prescription date. The outcomes included all-cause death, cardiovascular death, recurrent myocardial infarction, and a composite outcome of cardiovascular events and procedures. We used logistic regression and reported standardized absolute 5-year risks and risk differences at each landmark year. Among 21 220 first-time myocardial infarction patients, beta-blocker discontinuation was not associated with an increased risk of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, or recurrent myocardial infarction compared with patients continuing beta-blockers (landmark year 5; absolute risk difference [95% confidence interval]), correspondingly; −4.19% [−8.95%; 0.57%], −1.18% [−4.11%; 1.75%], and −0.37% [−4.56%; 3.82%]). Further, beta-blocker discontinuation within 2 years after myocardial infarction was associated with an increased risk of the composite outcome (landmark year 2; absolute risk [95% confidence interval] 19.87% [17.29%; 22.46%]) compared with continued beta-blocker use (landmark year 2; absolute risk [95% confidence interval] 17.10% [16.34%; 17.87%]), which yielded an absolute risk difference [95% confidence interval] at −2.8% [−5.4%; −0.1%], however, there was no risk difference associated with discontinuation hereafter.

Conclusion

Discontinuation of beta-blockers 1 year or later after a myocardial infarction without heart failure was not associated with increased serious adverse events.
Regulation of intestinal stem cell activity by a mitotic cell cycle regulator Polo in Drosophila
Authors: Zhang Ying , Chen Rongbing , Gong Liyuan , Huang Wuren , Li Ping , Zhai Zongzhao , Ling Erjun
Published: June 2023

Maintaining a definite and stable pool of dividing stem cells plays an important role in organ development. This process requires an appropriate progression of mitosis for proper spindle orientation and polarity to ensure the ability of stem cells to proliferate and differentiate correctly. Polo-like kinases (Plks)/Polo are the highly conserved serine/threonine kinases involved in the initiation of mitosis as well as in the progression of the cell cycle. Although numerous studies have investigated the mitotic defects upon loss of Plks/Polo in cells, little is known about the in vivo consequences of stem cells with abnormal Polo activity in the context of tissue and organism development. The current study aimed to investigate this question using the Drosophila intestine, an organ dynamically maintained by the intestinal stem cells (ISCs). The results indicated that the polo depletion caused a reduction in the gut size due to a gradual decrease in the number of functional ISCs. Interestingly, the polo-deficient ISCs showed an extended G2/M phase and aneuploidy and were subsequently eliminated by premature differentiation into enterocytes (ECs). In contrast, the constitutively active Polo (poloT182D) suppressed ISC proliferation, induced abnormal accumulation of β-tubulin in cells, and drove ISC loss via apoptosis. Therefore, Polo activity should be properly maintained for optimal stem cell function. Further analysis suggested that polo was a direct target gene of Sox21a, a Sox transcription factor that critically regulates stem cell activity. Together, this study provided a novel perspective on the correlation between the progression of mitosis and the ISC function in Drosophila.
An annotated chromosome-scale reference genome for Eastern black-eared wheatear (Oenanthe melanoleuca)
Authors: Peona Valentina , Palacios-Gimenez Octavio Manuel , Lutgen Dave , Olsen Remi André , Alaei Kakhki Niloofar , Andriopoulos Pavlos , Bontzorlos Vasileios , Schweizer Manuel , Suh Alexander , Burri Reto
Published: June 2023

Pervasive convergent evolution and in part high incidences of hybridization distinguish wheatears (songbirds of the genus Oenanthe) as a versatile system to address questions at the forefront of research on the molecular bases of phenotypic and species diversification. To prepare the genomic resources for this venture, we here generated and annotated a chromosome-scale assembly of the Eastern black-eared wheatear (Oenanthe melanoleuca). This species is part of the Oenanthe hispanica complex that is characterized by convergent evolution of plumage coloration and high rates of hybridization. The long-read-based male nuclear genome assembly comprises 1.04 Gb in 32 autosomes, the Z chromosome, and the mitogenome. The assembly is highly contiguous (contig N50, 12.6 Mb; scaffold N50, 70 Mb), with 96% of the genome assembled at the chromosome level and 95.5% benchmarking universal single-copy orthologs (BUSCO) completeness. The nuclear genome was annotated with 18,143 protein-coding genes and 31,333 mRNAs (annotation BUSCO completeness, 98.0%), and about 10% of the genome consists of repetitive DNA. The annotated chromosome-scale reference genome of Eastern black-eared wheatear provides a crucial resource for research into the genomics of adaptation and speciation in an intriguing group of passerines.
Sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) chromosome-level genome assembly
Authors: Flores Anne-Marie , Christensen Kris A , Campbell Briony , Koop Ben F , Taylor John S
Published: June 2023

Sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) are in the suborder Cottioidei, which also includes stickleback and lumpfish. This species inhabits coastal regions of the northeastern and northwestern Pacific Ocean from California to Japan. A commercial fishery for sablefish began to flourish in the 1960s, though a downward trend in stock biomass and landings has been observed since 2010. Aquaculture protocols have been developed for sablefish; eggs and sperm from wild-caught and hatchery-reared captive broodstock are used to generate offspring that reach market size in about two years. Parentage analyses show that survival in aquaculture varies among families. Growth rate and disease resistance also vary among individuals and cohorts, but the extent to which genetics and the environment contribute to this variation is unclear. The sablefish genome assembly reported here will form the foundation for SNP-based surveys designed to detect genetic markers associated with survival, growth rate, and pathogen resistance. Beyond its contribution to sablefish domestication, the sablefish genome can be a resource for the management of the wild sablefish fishery. The assembly generated in this study had a length of 653 Mbp, a scaffold N50 of 26.74 Mbp, a contig N50 of 2.57 Mbp, and contained more than 98% of the 3640 Actinopterygii core genes. We placed 620.9 Mbp (95% of the total) onto 24 chromosomes using a genetic map derived from six full-sib families and Hi-C contact data.
A high-quality, long-read genome assembly of the whitelined sphinx moth (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae: Hyles lineata) shows highly conserved melanin synthesis pathway genes
Authors: Godfrey R Keating , Britton Sarah E , Mishra Shova , Goldberg Jay K , Kawahara Akito Y
Published: June 2023

The sphinx moth genus Hyles comprises 29 described species inhabiting all continents except Antarctica. The genus diverged relatively recently (40–25 MYA), arising in the Americas and rapidly establishing a cosmopolitan distribution. The whitelined sphinx moth, Hyles lineata, represents the oldest extant lineage of this group and is one of the most widespread and abundant sphinx moths in North America. Hyles lineata exhibits the large body size and adept flight control characteristic of the sphinx moth family (Sphingidae), but it is unique in displaying extreme larval color variation and broad host plant use. These traits, in combination with its broad distribution and high relative abundance within its range, have made H. lineata a model organism for studying phenotypic plasticity, plant–herbivore interactions, physiological ecology, and flight control. Despite being one of the most well-studied sphinx moths, little data exist on genetic variation or regulation of gene expression. Here, we report a high-quality genome showing high contiguity (N50 of 14.2 Mb) and completeness (98.2% of Lepidoptera BUSCO genes), an important first characterization to facilitate such studies. We also annotate the core melanin synthesis pathway genes and confirm that they have high sequence conservation with other moths and are most similar to those of another, well-characterized sphinx moth, the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta).
Genetic basis for probiotic yeast phenotypes revealed by nanopore sequencing
Authors: Collins Joseph H , Kunyeit Lohith , Weintraub Sarah , Sharma Nilesh , White Charlotte , Haq Nabeeha , Anu-Appaiah K A , Rao Reeta P , Young Eric M
Published: June 2023

Probiotic yeasts are emerging as preventative and therapeutic solutions for disease. Often ingested via cultured foods and beverages, they can survive the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and adhere to it, where they provide nutrients and inhibit pathogens like Candida albicans. Yet, little is known of the genomic determinants of these beneficial traits. To this end, we have sequenced 2 food-derived probiotic yeast isolates that mitigate fungal infections. We find that the first strain, KTP, is a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae within a small clade that lacks any apparent ancestry from common European/wine S. cerevisiae strains. Significantly, we show that S. cerevisiae KTP genes involved in general stress, pH tolerance, and adherence are markedly different from S. cerevisiae S288C but are similar to the commercial probiotic yeast species S. boulardii. This suggests that even though S. cerevisiae KTP and S. boulardii are from different clades, they may achieve probiotic effect through similar genetic mechanisms. We find that the second strain, ApC, is a strain of Issatchenkia occidentalis, one of the few of this family of yeasts to be sequenced. Because of the dissimilarity of its genome structure and gene organization, we infer that I. occidentalis ApC likely achieves a probiotic effect through a different mechanism than the Saccharomyces strains. Therefore, this work establishes a strong genetic link among probiotic Saccharomycetes, advances the genomics of Issatchenkia yeasts, and indicates that probiotic activity is not monophyletic and complimentary mixtures of probiotics could enhance health benefits beyond a single species.
CrusTome: a transcriptome database resource for large-scale analyses across Crustacea
Authors: Pérez-Moreno Jorge L , Kozma Mihika T , DeLeo Danielle M , Bracken-Grissom Heather D , Durica David S , Mykles Donald L
Published: June 2023

Transcriptomes from nontraditional model organisms often harbor a wealth of unexplored data. Examining these data sets can lead to clarity and novel insights in traditional systems, as well as to discoveries across a multitude of fields. Despite significant advances in DNA sequencing technologies and in their adoption, access to genomic and transcriptomic resources for nontraditional model organisms remains limited. Crustaceans, for example, being among the most numerous, diverse, and widely distributed taxa on the planet, often serve as excellent systems to address ecological, evolutionary, and organismal questions. While they are ubiquitously present across environments, and of economic and food security importance, they remain severely underrepresented in publicly available sequence databases. Here, we present CrusTome, a multispecies, multitissue, transcriptome database of 201 assembled mRNA transcriptomes (189 crustaceans, 30 of which were previously unpublished, and 12 ecdysozoans for phylogenetic context) as an evolving and publicly available resource. This database is suitable for evolutionary, ecological, and functional studies that employ genomic/transcriptomic techniques and data sets. CrusTome is presented in BLAST and DIAMOND formats, providing robust data sets for sequence similarity searches, orthology assignments, phylogenetic inference, etc. and thus allowing for straightforward incorporation into existing custom pipelines for high-throughput analyses. In addition, to illustrate the use and potential of CrusTome, we conducted phylogenetic analyses elucidating the identity and evolution of the cryptochrome/photolyase family of proteins across crustaceans.
Comparative genomics revealed drastic gene difference in two small Chinese perches, Siniperca undulata and S. obscura
Authors: Lu Liang , Jiang Junlong , Zhao Jinliang , Li Chenhong
Published: June 2023

Siniperca undulata and S. obscura (Centrarchiformes: Sinipercidae) are small Chinese perches, living in creeks and streams in southern China. While they have sympatric distribution and occupy similar macrohabitat, their body sizes and ecological niches have many differences. Determining the genome sequences of S. undulata and S. obscura would provide us an essential data set for better understanding their genetic makeup and differences that may play important roles in their adaptation to different niches. We determined the genome sequences of both S. undulata and S. obscura using 10× genomics technology and the next-generation sequencing. The assembled genomes of S. undulata and S. obscura were 744 and 733 Mb, respectively. Gene family analysis revealed that there were no overlap between S. undulata and S. obscura in terms of rapid expanding and rapid contracting genes families, which were related to growth, immunity, and mobility. Positive selection analyses also cooperated that the function of selected genes involve growth, athletic ability, and immunity, which may explain the preference of different niches by S. undulata and S. obscura. Pairwise sequentially Markovian coalescent analyses for the two species suggested that populations of both S. undulata and S. obscura showed a rising trend between 90 and 70 Ka probably due to the mild environment during the last interglacial period. A stage of population shrinking occurred from 70 to 20 Ka, which was in with the Tali glacial period in eastern China (57–16 Ka).