bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dependence of the outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction on the tunnel positioning
Authors: Bantser Sergei A , Tikhilov R. M , Trachuk A. P , Bogopol’skiy O. E , Rybin A. V , Shulepov D. A , Salikhov M. R
Published: October 2020

Purpose of study: based on the analysis of clinical and radiation data to determine the most favorable positioning of the bone tunnels at different techniques of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Study design: retrospective analysis. Patients and methods. Face-to-face and a remote examination was performed in 202 patients at terms from 1.5 to 5 years after primary ACL autoplasty using the graft from the popliteal muscle tendons. All patients were divided into 3 groups depending on the technique of the bone tunnels formation. The patients from the 1st group (n=109) were operated on using transtibial technique, from the 2nd (n=52) and 3rd (n=41) groups - using anteromedial technique with the positioning of the femoral tunnel in the central and anteromedial part of ACL attachment, respectively. Bone tunnels positioning was determined using CT with 3D reconstruction. Subjective evaluation was performed by IKDS-2000, KOOS and Lysholm knee score. To assess the tibiofemoral dislocation the anterior drawer, Lachman and pivot shift tests as well as arthrometry (comparison with the healthy side) were performed. Results. In patients from group 1 the tibial tunnel was positioned in the plane of either central or posterolateral part of ACL attachment. In groups 2 and 3 the tunnel was positioned closer to the anteromedial part. In the majority of patients form group 1 the femoral tunnel was positioned in the zone or slightly forwards of the anteromedial part of ACL femoral attachment, in group 2 - in the plane of central or posterolateral part, in group 3 - in the anteromedial part. In patients from the 1st and 2nd groups the subjective evaluation by IKDS-2000, KOOS and Lysholm knee score was comparable and much higher in the 3rd group (p
Combination of different thoracoplasty methods for recurrent pectus excavatum correction. Case report
Authors: Kolesov S. V. , Khaspekov D. V. , Snetkov A. A. , Sar A. S. , Kolesov G. S.
Published: October 2020

A case of surgical treatment of recurrent funnel-shaped chest deformity with the formation of a complex pathological conﬁguration of the anterior chest wall with the III degree of sinking of the sternal-costal complex in a 35-year-old woman is presented. After primary thoracoplasty, the patient underwent mammoplasty with implant placement, which made it diﬃcult to correct the deformity, due to the high risk of damage to both the capsules formed around the implants and the implants themselves. In addition to the sinking of the sternum and adjacent ribs, the patient had a pronounced deformation of the costal arches according to the pterygoid type, which also required correction. In order to correct this deformity, we used a combination of two well known thoracoplasty methods-open resection and mini-invasive by D. NUSS. Thoracoplasty performed in this way allowed to signiﬁcantly reduce the trauma of the operation, avoid complications, eliminate damage to the implants and, ultimately, get a pronounced cosmetic result that fully meets the patients wishes.
Evolution of shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Maykov S. V.
Published: October 2020

This article is devoted to the establishment and development of one of the most diﬃcult areas of modern orthopedics, namely arthroplasty of the shoulder joint. We represent the evolution of views on this problem, stages of development and formation of the modern philosophy of replacement of the shoulder joint, constructive features of diﬀerent shoulder joint implants and indications, which determine the selection of the type of arthroplasty.
Multiple Holocene Earthquakes on the Gales Creek Fault, Northwest Oregon Fore-Arc
Authors: Horst Alison E. , Streig Ashley R. , Wells Ray E. , Bershaw John
Published: October 2020

Several potentially hazardous northwest-striking faults in and around the Portland basin, within the fore-arc of Cascadia, are classified as Quaternary active by the U.S. Geological Survey, but little is known about their Holocene activity. We present new earthquake-timing constraints on the Gales Creek fault (GCF), a 73 km long, northwest-trending fault with youthful geomorphic expression located about 35 km west of Portland. We excavated a paleoseismic trench across the GCF in the populated northern Willamette Valley and document three surface-rupturing earthquakes from stratigraphic and structural relationships. Radiocarbon samples from offset stratigraphy constrain these earthquakes to have occurred ∼1000, ∼4200, and ∼8800 calibrated years before the present. The penultimate earthquake back-tilted a buried soil into the hillslope creating accommodation space that was infilled by a colluvial deposit. The most recent earthquake faulted and formed a fissure within the penultimate colluvial deposit. Our results suggest that the GCF has a recurrence interval of ∼4000 yr, and if the full 73 km length were to rupture, it would result in an Mw 7.1–7.4 earthquake, providing a significant seismic hazard for the greater Portland metropolitan area.
Ranking of Ground-Motion Models (GMMs) for Use in Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis for Iran Based on an Independent Data Set
Authors: Farajpour Zoya , Kowsari Milad , Pezeshk Shahram , Halldorsson Benedikt
Published: October 2020

We apply three data-driven selection methods, log-likelihood (LLH), Euclidean distance-based ranking (EDR), and deviance information criterion (DIC), to objectively evaluate the predictive capability of 10 ground-motion models (GMMs) developed from Iranian and worldwide data sets against a new and independent Iranian strong-motion data set. The data set includes, for example, the 12 November 2017 Mw 7.3 Ezgaleh earthquake and the 25 November 2018 Mw 6.3 Sarpol-e Zahab earthquake and includes a total of 201 records from 29 recent events with moment magnitudes 4.5≤Mw≤7.3 with distances up to 275 km. The results of this study show that the prior sigma of the GMMs acts as the key measure used by the LLH and EDR methods in the ranking against the data set. In some cases, this leads to the resulting model bias being ignored. In contrast, the DIC method is free from such ambiguity as it uses the posterior sigma as the basis for the ranking. Thus, the DIC method offers a clear advantage of partially removing the ergodic assumption from the GMM selection process and allows a more objective representation of the expected ground motion at a specific site when the ground-motion recordings are homogeneously distributed in terms of magnitudes and distances. The ranking results thus show that the local models that were exclusively developed from Iranian strong motions perform better than GMMs from other regions for use in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis in Iran. Among the Next Generation Attenuation-West2 models, the GMMs by Boore et al. (2014) and Abrahamson et al. (2014) perform better. The GMMs proposed by Darzi et al. (2019) and Farajpour et al. (2019) fit the recorded data well at short periods (peak ground acceleration and pseudoacceleration spectra at T=0.2  s). However, at long periods, the models developed by Zafarani et al. (2018), Sedaghati and Pezeshk (2017), and Kale et al. (2015) are preferable.
What Governs the Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Aftershocks in Mining-Induced Seismicity: Insight into the Influence of Coseismic Static Stress Changes on Seismicity in Kiruna Mine, Sweden
Authors: Kozłowska Maria , Orlecka-Sikora Beata , Dineva Savka , Rudziński Łukasz , Boskovic Mirjana
Published: October 2020

Strong mining-induced earthquakes are often followed by aftershocks, similar to natural earthquakes. Although the magnitudes of such in-mine aftershocks are not high, they may pose a threat to mining infrastructure, production, and primarily, people working underground. The existing post-earthquake mining procedures usually do not consider any aspects of the physics of the mainshock. This work aims to estimate the rate and distribution of aftershocks following mining-induced seismic events by applying the rate-and-state model of fault friction, which is commonly used in natural earthquake studies. It was found that both the pre-mainshock level of seismicity and the coseismic stress change following the mainshock rupture have strong effects on the aftershock sequence. For mining-induced seismicity, however, we need to additionally account for the constantly changing stress state caused by the ongoing exploitation. Here, we attempt to model the aftershock sequence, its rate, and distribution of two M≈2 events in iron ore Kiruna mine, Sweden. We could appropriately estimate the aftershock sequence for one of the events because both the modeled rate and distribution of aftershocks matched the observed activity; however, the model underestimated the rate of aftershocks for the other event. The results of modeling showed that aftershocks following mining events occur in the areas of pre-mainshock activity influenced by the positive coulomb stress changes, according to the model’s assumptions. However, we also noted that some additional process not incorporated in the rate-and-state model may influence the aftershock sequence. Nevertheless, this type of modeling is a good tool for evaluating the risk areas in mines following a strong seismic event.
What Shall We Do with the Bodies? Reconsidering the Archive in the Aftermath of Fraud
Authors: Caro Mario A.
Published: October 2020

This article examines how Jimmie Durham’s false claims to Cherokee identity demand a radical reassessment of the entirety of his body of work and the scholarship that supports it. This essay takes into account the extent to which Durham’s work—much of which consisted of sardonic critiques of Native American stereotypes—depended upon its enunciation by an authentic Native voice. Now that this voice has been determined to be false, his work and the vast supporting archive require reevaluation.
Living in a (Schrödinger’s) Box: Jimmie Durham’s Strategic Use of Ambiguity
Authors: Fricke Suzanne Newman
Published: October 2020

This article charts Durham’s use of “strategic ambiguity,” whereby the uncertainty at the center of the controversy has ultimately served to protect the artist and his livelihood. Durham is the subject of nearly four times more articles and books than any other contemporary artist who identifies as Cherokee. It is almost impossible to interpret Durham’s work outside the perspective of a Cherokee identity. Although some articles offer the usual dual admission—that he identifies as Cherokee and that his heritage has been questioned—they nonetheless offer praise for Durham’s work as both authentically “Native American” and progressive in the contemporary art world. In refuting the various reasons given for the artist’s lack of tribal enrollment, this article emphasizes that art critics’ insistence on referencing Durham’s Cherokee “heritage” is crucial because if the artist is not Native, his work becomes not simply meaningless, but even insulting.
Playing Indian, between Idealization and Vilification: Seems You have to Play Indian to be Indian
Authors: Simas Rosy , Mitchell Sam Aros
Published: October 2020

This commentary essay, a co-written dialogue, attends to the ongoing phenomenon that has plagued American history known as “playing Indian.” In oscillating between the simultaneous conquest and dispossession of Native people, this phenomenon allows “white” Americans to define, mask, and evade the multiple paradoxes that stem from settler-colonial violence. Simas and Mitchell have worked extensively in the dance field. As their conversation discusses both the histories and the strategies of these “performances,” the coauthors explore the repercussions of non-Native people’s attempts to perform Native experiences through dance paradigms in particular. They link the aesthetic and fiscal consequences of “playing Indian” to the trauma of erasure and invisibilization that has continued to haunt Native experience.
Hustling and Hoaxing: Institutions, Modern Styles, and Yeffe Kimball’s “Native” Art
Authors: Stolte Sarah Anne
Published: October 2020

This article considers the artistic career of self-identified Osage painter Yeffe Kimball (1906–1978). Following the stylistic trends of modern American Indian painting as largely defined by non-Native critics and a male-dominated art world, Kimball’s works were accepted into major exhibits. How Kimball was able to “pass” as an American Indian artist is the core of a larger narrative—one that demonstrates and provokes critique of how her fraud took advantage of, but also contributed to strengthening, an exclusionary, devaluative settler-colonial dynamic of expropriation that continues into the present. This article critiques the manner in which museums and art schools defined societal values of “Indianness” that marginalized Native artists. Examining Yeffe Kimball’s successful ethnic fraud affirms a patriarchal, assimilationist narrative and the extent to which European-American identities, institutions, and art practices control American Indian imagery.
Un estudio de los tocados que aparecen en la Ermita de San Bartolomé, Cañón de río Lobos, Soria
Authors: Sanz de Bremond Lloret Consuelo
Published: October 2020

Presentamos en este trabajo un estudio sobre tres tocados que aparecen en la ermita de San Bartolomé, en el Cañón de Río Lobos (Soria), construida en el primer cuarto del siglo XIII, y que estuvieron de moda durante todo ese siglo. Es de interés un tocado femenino que, si bien aparece en Francia, tendrá en Castilla una evolución única y original.
Statistical Analysis of Turkish Speaking Students’ Phubbing Behaviors
Authors: TOKER Burcu , TUNCAY Nazime
Published: October 2020

As spending considerable time on Smart Phones has nearly become a norm, people ignoring other people around them in social environments, increased remarkably over the past decade. People being exposed to phubbing behaviors by their companions, looking at their phones repeatedly in social settings are feeling ignored. In this study, after an extensive literature review, data were collected from 352 participants via SurveyMonkey software regarding their perceptions about phubbing and being phubbed. The aim of this study is to find differences between Turkish Speaking Students’ Phubbing Behaviors according to education, job status, working status and gender. Statistical analysis showed that, all participants stated “they get rid of their stress by interacting with their phones”, though they do not mean to irritate others by focusing on their phones. Results also revealed that, Working participants are phubbed more compared to the Not Working and Retired participants.
Öğretmen Adaylarının Bakış Açısından Meslek Bilgisi Derslerinin Gereklilik Düzeyi ve Öğretmenlik Mesleği Yeterlikleri
Authors: AKÇAOĞLU Mustafa Öztürk , KÜLEKÇİ Erkan , MOR DİRLİK Ezgi
Published: October 2020

Bu çalışmada, öğretmenlik mesleği genel yeterlikleri ile öğretmen yetiştirme programları arasındaki ilişki araştırılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri bir devlet üniversitesinin eğitim fakültesinde öğrenim görmekte olan 304 lisans öğrencisinden toplanmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak öğretmen mesleki yeterliklerinden oluşan bir ölçek ve yenilenen öğretmen eğitim programındaki seçmeli ve zorunlu derslerin listesi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları öğrencilerin yeterlik düzeylerinin yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. Ancak, öğrencilerin yeterlik düzeyleri ile genel not ortalamaları arasındaki korelasyonun düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, okul öncesi öğretmenliği bölümü öğrencilerinin yeterlik puanlarının diğer öğrencilere göre anlamlı derecede yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Son olarak, en gerekli meslek bilgisi dersinin “Öğretmenlik Uygulaması I-II”, en az gerekli görülen meslek bilgisi dersinin ise “Eğitim Felsefesi” olduğu belirtilmiştir.
Ortaöğretim Matematik Dersi Öğretim Programının Öğrenci Görüşlerine Göre Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KESKİN İsmail , YAZAR Taha
Published: October 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı; ortaöğretim matematik dersi öğretim programının öğrenci görüşleri doğrultusunda CIPP değerlendirme modeline göre değerlendirilmesidir. Araştırmada nicel araştırma modellerinden tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Türkiye’nin farklı şehirlerinden 1767 lise öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Öğrencilere yönelik programın süreç ve ürün boyutunu içeren bir ölçek uygulanmıştır. Öğrencilerin programın süreç ve ürün boyutlarına yönelik görüşleri orta düzeyde katılma durumundadır. Öğrencilerin görüşleri cinsiyet değişkenine göre değişmemektedir. Öğrencilerin görüşleri okul, öğrenim görülen alan değişkenine göre süreç ve ürün boyutlarında farklılaşırken özel ders/ kurs alma durumu değişkenine göre ürün boyutunda, günlük ders çalışma saati değişkenine göre ise sadece ürün boyutunda farklılaşmaktadır. Araştırma sonuçları göz önünde bulundurularak matematik dersi öğretim programını uygulayanlara, program geliştirme sürecinde yer alanlara ve araştırmacılara birtakım önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Sınıf Yönetimi Becerisinin Ölçümü: Okul Öncesi Öğretmenleri Üzerine Kesitsel Bir Tarama
Authors: BULUT Ayhan
Published: October 2020

Okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin sınıf yönetimi becerilerini kesitsel tarama yöntemiyle incelemeyi amaçlayan bu araştırma betimsel bir çalışmadır.Araştırmada amaçlı örneklem yöntemlerinden tipik durum örneklemesi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Buna göre araştırmaya 2018-2019 eğitim öğretim yılının bahar döneminde Erzurum ilinde sınıf mevcutları, velilerin sosyo ekonomik durumları ve eğitim düzeyleri kent ortalama seviyesine yakın okullarda görev yapmakta olan toplam 110 okul öncesi öğretmeni katılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak “Kişisel Bilgi Formu ve Sınıf Yönetimi Beceri Düzeyi Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Verilerinin analizinde betimsel ve kestirimsel istatistik kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin sınıf yönetimi becerilerinin yaşlarına, görevdeki çalışma pozisyonlarına, öğrenim düzeylerine, gelir durumlarına ve sınıflarındaki çocukların yaşlarına göre anlamlı düzeyde farklılaşmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Ancak okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin sınıf yönetimi becerilerinin medeni durumlarına, mesleki kıdemlerine ve sınıftaki çocukların mevcuduna göre anlamlı düzeyde farklılaştığı belirlenmiştir.
The Examination of Prospective Mathematics Teachers' Perceptions of Lifelong Learning Competencies
Authors: AYKAC Murtaza , ASLANDAĞ Buket , KÖĞCE Davut
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the prospective mathematics teachers' perceptions of lifelong learning competencies. The study group of the research consisted of 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th year prospective teachers studying at mathematics education undergraduate program of the education faculty of a public university. In this research, cross-sectional research method was used within the scope of descriptive research approach in order to reveal how mathematics teacher candidates' perceptions of lifelong learning competencies have improved. In the research, as a data collection tool "Key Competencies for Lifelong Learning" scale developed by Şahin, Akbaşlı and Yanpar-Yelken (2010) was used. Independent samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to compare the mean scores obtained from the scale by variables. The results obtained from the research indicated that the prospective mathematics teachers participated in the research have high level of life-long learning competencies. A significant difference was found in prospective mathematics teachers’ scores of life-long learning competencies as regards their genders and the high schools they graduate from. Participants graduated from Anatolian High School and Teacher Training High School had higher scores than the other participants. However, no significant difference was found in prospective mathematics teachers’ scores of life-long learning competencies regarding the year of their study.
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor protects against viridans streptococci infection by activation of immune system through IL-17RA signaling
Authors: Liang Guowei ,   Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, USA
Published: October 2020

The majority of bacterial infections during neutropenia following high-dose chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation are caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci, a large number are due to viridans streptococci. Despite considerable progress in the understanding of the AhR-mediated regulation of immune responses, the role of AhR in bacterial infections has not been clearly demonstrated. In the study presented here, we sought to determine whether the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) would protect mice from infection with viridans streptococci. AhR enhances the inflammatory response to viridans streptococci stimuli. Specifically, neutrophil numbers and levels of inflammatory cytokines are often increased in mice treated with viridans streptococci. Furthermore, AhR activation through the IL-17RA is required for protection against viridans streptococcal infection. Taken together, we concluded that AhR plays an important role in optimal innate immunoprotection against microbial infection through the down-regulation of immune response.
Taurine attenuates inflammatory response following cerebral ischemia and reperfusion
Authors: Matthes Katarina , Niggli Felix , Wakabayashi Toshihiko
Published: October 2020

Taurine is a kind of endogenous free amino acid in tissue and a potent antioxidant agent its function may in part be to adjust calcium homeostasis in cells, anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory and cell protector but little is known about the expression or the role of Taurine in the central nervous system. Stroke is the major cause of death and disability worldwide. Here, we investigated the role of Taurine in ischemic stroke as a potential neuroprotective using rat model of transient cerebral ischemia. Transient cerebral ischemia was induced by MCAO were performed on male Sprague-Dawley rats. TTC staining used to measurement of infarct volume in the brain and ELISA kits to assay cytokines. Our data suggested that Taurine reduced cerebral infarct size, decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and produced lower level of ICAM-1. These results suggest that Taurine can be exerting significantly protective effect against brain ischemic injury through inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and ICAM-1.
Challenges faced by investigators in conduct of oncology trials during COVID-19 pandemic at Tata Memorial Centre: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Kalra Devanshi , Desai Abhidnya , Joshi Amit , Pantvaidya Gouri
Published: October 2020

Background: Novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted health care sector adversely and its major impact is seen especially in the field of oncology. One of the areas of cancer care that has been affected is the conduct of clinical trials. Various challenges have emerged in front of the investigators in providing proper treatment and care to the research participants and moreover in safeguarding the rights, safety and well-being of the research participants.

Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among the oncologists from the major specialties (medical, surgical and radiation) during the lockdown period to assess the challenges faced in conduct of clinical trials during this pandemic.

Results: A total of 110 questionnaires were circulated. Of the 110 questionnaires distributed at the Tata Memorial Centre, 50 responded. The overall response rate was 45.45% (50 responses). Majority of investigators (96%) reported that the pandemic affected the initiation of new trials in oncology. 86% investigators reported that COVID-19 situation has resulted in more protocol deviations than usual for ongoing trials also 62% investigators expressed that the quality of the trial data may get affected due to pandemic.

Conclusion: Our survey reports that the majority of the researchers are encountering major challenges in conducting clinical trials in an oncology setting during this pandemic. Despite these challenges in trial conduct, efforts are being made by the investigators and their team to adapt to the new methods for effective management of patients in clinical trials.
Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and syphilis among pregnant women attending Dessie referral hospital, Northeast Ethiopia
Authors: Nuru Hussen , Nurahmed Negash , Teka Yeabkal D. , Mohammed Fewzia , Ferede Getachew , Abebe Wondwossen
Published: October 2020

Background: Globally the burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and syphilis infections are a common problem of pregnant women where the complications are transmitted to their new born infants. These infections, often silent and without symptoms, can result in serious and fatal health consequences.

Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted on 384 pregnant women attending Dessie referral hospital from February to April 2019 by using convenience sampling techniques. Data were collected by assigned nurses with face to face interview using a pre-tested questionnaire. Samples were screened by rapid serological tests for HIV and T. pallidum antibodies as well as HBsAg. Data was analysed using SPSS. Logistic regression was used to see the association between dependent and independent variables. P values <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. 

Results: The overall seroprevalence rates of HIV, HBsAg, syphilis and HIV/HBV coinfections were 6.5%, 4.7% and 0.8%, and 0.5% respectively. The history of sexual transmitted infections (STIs), multiple partners and using sharp materials were significantly associated to HIV with an adjusted odd ratio (AOR) of 8.35, 9.6 and 3.097 respectively. Likewise, the habit of ear/nose piercing and partner’s STIs exposure were associated with hepatitis B infection with an AOR 8.24 and 14.11 respectively.

Conclusions: HIV and HBV infections are still critical public health concerns among pregnant women in the study area. History of multiple sexual partners, sharing of sharp materials, history of STIs exposure, habits of ear/nose piercing were significantly associated with infections.
Effect of COVID-19 in geriatric individuals and role of a prosthodontist in clinical setup in Indian populations: a literature review
Authors: Bhattacharjee Bappaditya , Gupta Pinki , Bhatnagar Atul , Singh Ankita , Saneja Ritu
Published: October 2020

Medical professionals including dentists are one of those high-risk professionals who can easily get affected by COVID-19 due to its highly contagious nature. Evaluating the molecular pathogenesis and the role of immune system in modulating symptoms it can be assumed that susceptibility of COVID-19 to older adults is more. This review aimed to summarize all the information available on electronic databases PubMed, PubMed central, Cochrane database related to the effect of COVID-19 ingeriatric individuals and guidelines for a prosthodontist during treatment of geriatric individuals in Indian population during this pandemic period. This review will focus on the characteristic symptoms and signs of COVID-19 ingeriatric individuals and how the prosthodontists during treatment of geriatric individuals in Indian populations can better equip themselves to prevent the spread of COVID-19 ina clinical setup.

 
Entre síntoma y fármakon. La organología de la moral de Bernard Stiegler
Authors: Vignola Paolo
Published: October 2020

Propósito/Contexto. Este artículo hace un recorrido por la filosofía de la técnica de Bernard Stiegler, con un enfoque en la dimensión moral de la perspectiva farmacológica. Su propósito está motivado por las cuestiones bioéticas que surgen de la perspectiva stiegleriana, en particular, por lo que concierne a los fenómenos de las adicciones a la tecnología digital y los efectos sociales y cognitivos que el contexto multimedia genera.

Metodología/Enfoque. El enfoque metodológico que sustenta la elaboración de este artículo es la perspectiva farmacológica, elaborada por el propio Stiegler, por medio de la cual es posible replantear las bases de la ética y la moral en el contexto digital.

Resultados/Hallazgos. El artículo hace una contribución teórica al debate sobre los efectos problemáticos y los beneficios de la adopción de la tecnología digital en todos los campos del saber y de las relaciones sociales, con un énfasis en los trastornos de la atención y los síntomas de malestar psicosocial.

Discusión/Conclusiones/Contribuciones. Su contribución está en los elementos útiles que ofrece para un acercamiento metodológico entre la filosofía de la tecnología y la bioética (desde la farmacología y la organología). En este sentido, el trabajo de investigación y análisis del corpus stiegleriano se presenta como una aclaración de las apuestas bioéticas que conviven en la perspectiva farmacológica.
Thermal Error Compensation of Spindle System of Computer Numerically Controlled Machine Tools Through Experiments and Modeling
Authors: Wang Jianchen , Jiang Tao , Shen Junquan , Dai Junhao , Pan Zequan , Deng Xiaolei
Published: October 2020

This paper attempts to solve the insufficient machining precision of computer numerically controlled (CNC) machine tools, which is induced by the thermal error of the spindle. Firstly, the relationship between machining error and thermal sensitive points was analyzed through experiments. On this basis, the backpropagation neural network (BPNN) was improved by particle swarm optimization (PSO). Next, the improved network (PSO-BPNN) was used to build a thermal error compensation (TCE) model for the spindle of machine tools. Taking VM-500T precision machine tool as the object, the temperature data were grouped through the optimization based on thermal imaging, grey relational analysis (GRA), and fuzzy clustering, to determine the temperature sensitive items that causes the thermal error. To speed up network convergence, the PSO algorithm was introduced to optimize the number of hidden layers and the number of hidden layer nodes of the BPNN, lifting the network from the local optimum trap. To enhance the generalization ability, the weights and thresholds of the BPNN were also improved by the PSO. After that, two TCE models were established for the spindle of the machine tool, respectively based on the original BPNN and PSO-BPNN. Contrastive experiments show that the PSO-BPNN TCE model achieved the better generalization ability, and improved the prediction accuracy of the machining error of the CNC machine tool.
Hydrogen Round Trip Efficiency
Authors: Zheng Chao
Published: October 2020

The hydrogen economy is a glimpse into the future economic structure of energy. Hydrogen can be used as a power medium, and a typical way of using hydrogen is the round trip, defined as a process in which electricity becomes hydrogen and then returns to electricity form. The purpose of this paper is to briefly describe hydrogen round trip efficiency from production to releasing and find out the optimistic circumstances.
Friendly Guns: Power, Play, and Choice in Preschool
Authors: Sherbine Kortney
Published: October 2020

This paper examines the power relations that emerged during an eight-week study of an afterschool program in a Montessori preschool. Drawing from a theoretical assemblage that engages Foucault’s theory of biopower and Bennett’s conceptualization of thing power, I analyze the intra-actions between the human and more-than-human and consider how children’s bodies were disciplined to do and be certain things during a time of day when children could choose their play activities. A critical discourse analysis of ethnographic data details the ways in which certain intra-actionsnormalized some children’s ways of knowing, being, doing, and playing while marginalizing others. I conclude by attending to the potential of children’s relationships with popular culture in early childhood classrooms.
A Research Journey with Plains Cree Elders Regarding Their Image of the Child
Authors: Tine Janine
Published: October 2020

To develop culturally appropriate education for Indigenous children in Canada, knowledge of childhood in Indigenous contexts is needed. This article focuses on the author’s learning journey during a community-based participatory research project regarding two Plains Cree Elders’ images, or understandings, of the child. To situate the study, the author revisits her research with Elders while exploring some epistemological, ontological,and axiological considerations of Indigenous research and then shares how she employed cultural protocols and forged relationships. Next, the author shares and reflects on the Elders’ understandings of childhood and the ways in which she cared for the Elders’ knowledge.
Researching the Moral Experiences of Young Children: A Pilot Study
Authors: Makansi Nora , Carnevale Franco
Published: October 2020

The aim of this pilot study was to develop a research design and refine data collection and analysis methods to examine moral experiences of children in an education context. We piloted two data collection methods: participant observation and one-on-one interviews in preschool classrooms and with school-aged children, respectively. Our thematic analysis revealed how children coconstruct their daily experiences in this particular context; when and how they resist rules; and what moral experiences may look like in preschool interactions and how they may be understood and expressed by school-aged children. We also discussed methodological reflections on rapport building and power dynamics within these research methods.
Entangled Narratives: How Literate Histories of Early Childhood Educators Expand Possibilities Within Online Learning Spaces
Authors: Stewart Kim , Gallagher Candace
Published: October 2020

Feminist ways of being allow us to be vulnerable and willing to admit doubt and to live expanded views of early childhood education and teaching.These practices are characterized by a love ethic, attending to entanglements of heartmindbody. In this article, we rely on entangled narratives between ourselves and early childhood educators asking how valuing entangled relationships can expand creative possibilities within onlinelearning spaces. We draw from experiences within the newly established University of New Brunswick online bachelor of education in early childhood. Our research unfolds with a desire to value literate histories often silenced—sometimes lost—within standardized, institutional ways of being and becoming.
The Significance of Nonformal Education for Volunteers
Authors: Ibsen Bjarne
Published: October 2020

Volunteering plays a significant role in many countries. In an effort to strengthen volunteering, courses and training are given great importance. In this paper, the significance of educational programmes and courses for volunteers is analysed. The analysis is based on data from a comprehensive survey of volunteers in Denmark. One in three of the volunteers have participated in courses or training programmes in conjunction with their voluntary work. The analysis shows that there is a slightly greater probability that volunteers will continue to do voluntary work if—within the past year—they have taken part in a course or training programme related to their voluntary work. The most widespread form of qualification for voluntary tasks is, however, informal learning, that takes place where the volunteer works. The analysis shows that the volunteers attribute less importance to qualifications from courses and programmes than to experiences from “voluntary life” and qualifications from “professional life.” The analysis also shows that non-formal learning is more important for volunteers involved in “activity work” than for those involved in “organization work.” The study gives rise to a discussion of how best to develop and train the voluntary workforce. It may be necessary to focus to a greater extent on informal learning, in other words on developing a culture for learning in the specific context in which the volunteer is involved.
Nuclear DNA content variation within four species of Asian catfish of family Pangasidae and their two interspecific hybrids by flow cytometry
Authors: Imron  , Tahapari Evi , Darmawan Jadmiko , Muhammad Luthfi Abdurachman
Published: October 2020

Nuclear DNA content (NDC) of species or population is believed to have been formed naturally by many mechanisms such chromosomal mutation, insertion and deletion, transposable element, and duplication. Additionally, hybridizations and species’ phylogenetic relationship may also contribute to the NDC diversity. This study was aimed to investigate the profile of NDC in four species Asian catfishes of the genera Pangasius including Pangasionodon hypophthalmus,  Pangasius djambal, Pangasius nasusutus, Pangasius nieuwenhuisii, interspecific hybrid of female P. hypophthalmus and male P. djambal (Hybrid HD),  and female P. hypophthalmus and male P. nasutus (Hybrid HN). Red blood cells (RBC) were taken from the respective species/groups and NDC measurement was performed in an Attune acoustic flowcytometer (ABI) using DAPI staining and chicken, Gallus domesticus, RBC was used as size reference. The results showed that the mean NDC of P. hypophthalmus, P. djambal. P. nasusutus, P. nieuwenhuisii, were 0.960±0.0254 pg, 1.017±0.0510 pg, 1.000±0.0410 pg, 1.074±0.0231 pg, which are within the range of NDC in the other catfish families The NDC values of Hybrid HD and Hybrid HN were1.005±0.0358 and 0.956± 0.0089, respectively. Among the pure line species, the NDC of P. hypophthalmus was the lowest and was different (P<0.05) from those of P. djambal and P. nieuwenhuisii but was not different (P>0.05) from that of the P. nasutus. The NDC of both Hybrid HD and Hybrid HN were not different form their respective parental lines. However, the NDC profiles of both hybrids were different in that the NDC of the former was in between while the latter was below their respective parental lines. Phylogenetically, the NDC diversity within Pangasiid catfish in this study was independent of their phylogenetic relationship based on cytoplasmic and nuclear markers.
Keywords: Flow cytometry, nuclear DNA content, P.hypophthalmus, P. djambal, P. nasutus, P. nieuwenhuisii, interspecific hybrid.
Quetzalcóatl-Dios entre los mayas
Authors: De la Garza Mercedes
Published: October 2020

Conquistador, fundador de ciudades, simiente de linajes, héroe cultural, rey con poderes milagrosos, introductor de la idolatría, dios creador, principia vital, serpiente emplumada...; ubicuo y pluritemporal, encabalgado entre el mito y la historia, Quetzalcóatl se resenta en el ambito maya como un erizo, al cual sólo podemos aprehender por alguna de sus mulhples puntas, pero nunca por su centro. Como Proteo, Quetzalcóatl-Gucumatz-Kukulcan-Tepeu-Nacxit-Ah Nac Xiu-Ah Pop-Thoil se escurre entre las manos adquiriendo formas y matices imprevistos, pasando de lo humano a lo divino, de lo individual a lo genérico, de lo uno a lo diverso. Aquí no pretendemos aclarar quien fue Kukulcan-Gucumatz entre los mayas, ni desenredar la madeja histórica en tomo a su figura que nos presentan las fuentes escritas; buscamos simplemente señalar que su presencia en la religión maya del periodo Posclásico ocupa un lugar principal, lo cual expresa que la llegada de grupos nahuas a la zona maya trascendió el carácter de una mera intrusión militar, dando lugar a un cambia en las concepciones religiosas, o sea, en los pilares fundamentales de la cultura maya.
Nuevas aportaciones sobre el tema del tiempo entre los mayas
Authors: León-Portilla Miguel
Published: October 2020

Casi una cuenta de años después de haber publicado Tiempo y Realidad en el pensamiento Maya (Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas, UNAM, 1968), vuelvo a tomar parte en el diálogo entre los interesados en el tema del mismo. Mi intención es comentar aquí, aunque sea brevemente (¡siempre el tiempo!), algunas principales aportaciones. Antes, sin embargo quiero formular un deslinde que tengo como necesario. Considero que reconocer la particular significación que tuvo para los mayas su compleja concepción del tiempo y el espacio en el contexto de su visión del mundo, no equivale en modo alguno a postular que sus intereses se redujeron a esto. Es verdad que ha habido investigadores que, desde los primeros trabajos de Alfred P. Maudslay y luego de Sylvanus G. Morley y .J. Eric Thompson, han insistido en que el contenido de las inscripciones consiste básicamente en registros de connotación calendaría y, por tanto temporal. En contra de tal punto de vista, están los estudios, más recientes, de Enrique Berlin, Tatiana Proskouriakoff y David H. Kelley, entre otros, que muestran, como lo enuncia un trabajo de este último, que hay "evidencia glífica de secuencias dinásticas..." en diversas inscripciones. Desde luego esta fuera de duda que, en no pocos de esos textos jeroglíficos, hay expresiones de significación básicamente histórica.
Por siempre hasta que sea difunto: la voz de un anciano chuj
Authors: Hernández Castillo Rosalva Aida
Published: October 2020

En esta historia de vida cedemos la palabra a un grupo étnico que por mucho tiempo permaneció olvidado por investigadores sociales y funcionarios indigenistas. Los chujes, junto con los k'anjobales y jacaltecos han sido los "olvidados" de la frontera sur de México. A excepción de algunos trabajos aislados, se ha profundizado poco en la realidad que viven estos grupos mayas en territorio mexicano. Separados de sus hermanos guatemaltecos por una línea fronteriza que partió en dos una misma zona cultural, chujes, k'anjobales y jacaltecos mexicanos luchan por sobrevivir como entidades lingüísticas y culturales. Sus actuales poblados en los municipios chiapanecos de La Trinitaria, Amatenango La Frontera y Frontera Comalapa, son resultado de las migraciones de indígenas guatemaltecos a territorio mexicano a fines del siglo pasado.
DIGITAL RIGHTS OF CITIZENS AND THEIR PROTECTION IN A POST-COVID 19 SOCIETY
Authors:   FSAEI HE ", Eparkhina Olga V. ,   Moscow state institute of international relations (University) of the Ministry of foreign affairs of the Russian Federation"
Published: October 2020

In article research intention of digital rights of sitizen and some problems of it perception and protection during the pandemic 2020. Weakness of low base in this sphere and actualization of right’s protection during fast digitalization of society lead us to research international standards of right’s protection and to research some possibilities of different international human rights organizations. The author presents brief field of privacy data threats in digital society in pandemic situation. There’s analyzed the experience of different countries with digital personal data and some problems in this work. There’re some differences in digital personal data policy in different countries. As a base of creation a future low about work with digital personal data and digital rights of sitizen, european countries use GDPR. But regulation of this field is take-off now, the most important role have an active public organizations and international human rights organizations.
TWO POLES OF ETHNIC IDENTITY OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS OF THE YAROSLAVL REGION
Authors:   International academy of business and new technologies, Emelyanov Alexander S.
Published: October 2020

This article examines the features of the types of ethnic identity of university students in the Yaroslavl region. The author points out the insufficient effectiveness of the current policy of fostering tolerance and interethnic friendship. The processes of globalization and leveling of the national self-awareness of ethnic groups taking place in the modern world, on the one hand, and the growing need to preserve ethnic culture, on the other hand, are to a certain extent manifested in the example of university youth in one of the regions of Central Russia. The study of the features of this problem was carried out by the author on the basis of a questionnaire survey of about 900 students using domestic methods. The research results are grouped into six types: ethnonihilism, ethnic indifference, positive ethnic identity, ethno-egoism, ethno-isolationism, ethnophanaticism. The geographical approach allows us to see some qualitative differences in relation to a number of the questions raised among students representing more than 40 peoples of Russia, the republics of the former USSR, foreign Asia, Africa, and foreign Europe. A certain emphasis is placed on identifying one of the negative manifestations in the youth environment - ethnofanaticism among Azerbaijani, Armenian, Kazakh, Russian, Tajik, and Turkmen students. The polarity of the studied phenomena of ethnonihilism and ethnophanaticism is compared, first of all, using the example of russian and tajik youth. Attention is drawn to the desire to preserve the foundations of life in an unchanged form with a noticeable role of Islam among tajik students. On the other hand, among the russian respondents, ethnicity is not so actualized, it is close to western cultural norms. In the context of the mosaic nature of the information space, contacts with multilingual peers receiving education at the universities of the Yaroslavl Upper Volga region, interethnic attitudes and stereotypes are consolidated for subsequent adulthood. The formation of a positive ethnic identity in the host of migrants with educational, labor goals of the local population is an urgent need.
FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC
Authors:   FSBEI HE ", Zhura Svetlana Ye. ,   Northern (Arctic) federal university named after M. V. Lomonosov", Markin Vladimir V. ,   FSBEI HE "Plekhanov russian university of economics"
Published: October 2020

The article deals with the development of Arctic entrepreneurship in the Russian Federation. The development of the Arctic territories at the present stage is of increased interest to almost all world powers, since the Arctic region is becoming of strategic importance for strengthening the national security of states, so this issue is paying attention to both russian and foreign researchers. The main indicators of small business development in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation are analyzed. It is concluded that small business is developing unevenly across the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation. According to the level of small business development, there are two groups of territories. The first category includes the Nenets autonomous district, Yamalo-Nenets and Chukotka autonomous districts, where the development of the business sector is significantly lower than in other regions. The second group includes the Krasnoyarsk territory, Murmansk and Arkhangelsk regions, where Arctic entrepreneurship is well developed. This division explains the features of small business development, taking into account the natural-climatic, geographical and socio-economic features of the Arctic territories. Proposals aimed at the development of Arctic entrepreneurship and Arctic territories are formulated. Entrepreneurship in the Arctic zone is a necessary condition for the development of these territories. It is necessary to create small mobile points for the delivery of essential goods and services, provide services in the field of cultural and educational activities, provide additional educational services, and develop social and transport infrastructure. An important direction for the development of Arctic entrepreneurship can be an innovative sphere aimed at the production of goods and services that increase energy conservation. Additional measures are required to support entrepreneurship in this area, including programs for the development of business of indigenous minorities.