bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinação da termodinâmica e da cinética de formação de estruturas supramoleculares funcionais: aspectos teóricos e experimentais
Authors: Hudson Eliara Acipreste , Paula Hauster Maximiler Campos de , Rezende Jaqueline de Paula , Coelho Yara Luiza , Silva Luis Henrique Mendes da , Pires Ana Clarissa dos Santos
Published: November 2024

Compostos bioativos (CBs) são reconhecidos por suas propriedades antioxidantes, antimicrobianas, anti-inflamatórias, dentre outras. Apesar das propriedades relevantes, a maioria dos CBs apresenta baixa solubilidade em
meio aquoso e/ou baixa estabilidade fotoquímica, térmica e/ou a variações de pH. A formação de nanoestruturas supramoleculares contendo proteínas e CBs é uma alternativa para a veiculação destas moléculas em diferentes matrizes.
Entretanto, para o desenvolvimento bem-sucedido de nanoestruturas supramoleculares funcionais (NSF) é importante conhecer a termodinâmica e a cinética de formação desses nanocomplexos. A termodinâmica de interação proteína-CB permite conhecer a estabilidade química dos nanocomplexos e as forças motrizes para a formação das nanoestruturas, sendo fundamental para
otimizar, por exemplo, condições de pH, temperatura e concentração de íons no sistema. Já a cinética de formação das nanoestruturas permite determinar as taxas de formação e dissociação dos nanocomplexos, além de informar sobre a dinâmica molecular de formação das nanoestruturas. Apesar de pouco praticada na Ciência de Alimentos, a determinação dos parâmetros termodinâmicos e cinéticos de formação das NSF pode ser obtida por diversas técnicas experimentais. A associação da interpretação cuidadosa dos resultados obtidos por cada uma delas permite a obtenção de um panorama
completo sobre a formação e viabilidade de nanocomplexos para aplicação na indústria de alimentos. Neste capítulo, serão discutidos os aspectos teóricos e experimentais da determinação de parâmetros termodinâmicos e cinéticos de
formação de NSFs. Ao final do capítulo, você irá se surpreender em relação à importância e à aplicação da termodinâmica e cinética de interação intermolecular na Ciência de Alimentos avançada.
Inovações em fórmulas infantis
Authors: Rodrigues Ramila Cristiane , Machado Solimar Gonçalves , Freitas Rosângela de , Peluzio Maria do Carmo Gouveia , Ribeiro Sarah Aparecida Vieira , Martins Evandro
Published: November 2024

O leite materno fornece enzimas e anticorpos que regulam a microbiota intestinal, previnem quadros de gastroenterite e auxiliam na resposta imune do bebê. A amamentação deve ser exclusiva até os 6 primeiros meses de vida e complementada com outros alimentos até os 2 anos. Todavia, algumas mães
não conseguem amamentar e a substituição do leite materno pelas fórmulas infantis é o mais indicado. As primeiras fórmulas foram produzidas a partir de uma mistura desidratada de carboidratos e leite de vaca e, apesar proporcionarem ganho de peso, os lactentes sofriam de desnutrição e um aumento na mortalidade infantil foi
percebida entre os anos de 1950 e 1970. Com isso, as fórmulas infantis passaram a incorporar vitaminas, minerais e ácidos graxos poliinsaturados. Além de reproduzir os aspectos nutricionais, as fórmulas atuais buscam imitar o
efeito protetivo do leite materno pela incorporação de oligossacarídeos, ácidos nucleicos e probióticos. As primeiras inovações em fórmulas infantis estiveram associadas ao conhecimento da composição do leite materno, o segundo
avanço provavelmente estará relacionado ao conhecimento do papel imunológico dos anticorpos, células de defesa e enzimas presentes no leite humano. As fórmulas do futuro poderão ser mais funcionais podendo ajudar na regulação do sono do bebê, na redução de cólicas intestinais, refluxos,
incidências de gastroenterites e no número de internações de lactentes alimentados artificialmente por mamadeira.
Queijos artesanais brasileiros: tradição e inovação
Authors: Freitas Rosângela de , Machado Solimar Gonçalves , Martins Evandro , Martin José Guilherme Prado , Dias Mariana de Moura e , Carvalho Antônio Fernandes de
Published: November 2024

Os queijos artesanais são produtos que apresentam características singulares, elaborados por métodos tradicionais que apresentam vinculação regional ou cultural. A diversidade de queijos artesanais vem de diferentes “modos de fazer”, mas principalmente pela microbiota presente, sendo esta
responsável pelas características específicas do produto. Várias regiões do país são reconhecidas como tradicionais na elaboração de queijos artesanais específicos e a comercialização do produto tem sido uma importante atividade econômica, principalmente, para pequenos produtores. Adicionalmente, empreendedores de localidades não tradicionais têm se dedicado ao desenvolvimento e produção de queijos artesanais autorais, como resposta a
demanda por produtos mais personalizados e diferenciados. Independente da região onde é elaborado, o processo produtivo do queijo deve ser realizado conforme protocolo de elaboração específico estabelecido para cada tipo e variedade, com predominância dos processos manuais e devem ser
submetidos à fiscalização de órgãos de inspeção oficial. Atualmente, o principal desafio encontrado pelos queijeiros é o registro dos produtos, seja pelo não enquadramento na definição clássica de artesanal apresentada na legislação vigente ou pela inexistência de padrão de identidade e qualidade. Neste sentido, a modernizada da legislação brasileira é necessária, de forma a permitir a regularização da produção e comercialização do queijo, desde que atendidas os critérios de qualidade e a inocuidade seja garantida. Ações em favor da valorização do queijo artesanal é muito
importante, pois garante a preservação da tradição e diversidade, assim como a manutenção do conhecimento dos produtores e a renda das várias famílias envolvidas.
Fontes não convencionais de farináceos: extração e propriedades tecnológicas
Authors: Viana Leonara Martins , Nascimento Gustavo Costa do , Barros Frederico Augusto Ribeiro de , Clerici Maria Teresa Pedrosa Silva , Schmiele Marcio , Felisberto Mária Herminia Ferrari
Published: November 2024

Os alimentos ricos em carboidratos são a base da alimentação mundial e a mudança nos hábitos alimentares, aliada a uma maior preocupação do consumidor em relação à saúde, tem levado as pessoas a procurarem alimentos mais saudáveis, ricos em fibras e menos calóricos, mas que sejam,
ao mesmo tempo, sensorialmente agradáveis e gostosos. As fontes farináceas
não convencionais estão ganhando destaque na elaboração de produtos, uma
vez que contribuem para essas características desejadas nos alimentos, além de aproveitarem melhor materiais muitas vezes subutilizados. Banana verde, fruta do lobo, cará, palma e o colmo jovem de bambu são alguns exemplos de materiais não convencionais que estão ganhando importância no mercado nacional, uma vez que o seu processamento em farinha favorece com a geração de renda à agricultura familiar, cultivo e manutenção de lavouras sustentáveis, além do melhor e maior aproveitamento destes materiais, que
podem ser estocados e armazenados para abastecer o mercado nas entressafras. O processo de obtenção de farinhas desses materiais é muito simples, baseado na secagem, podendo-se utilizar equipamentos e sistemas muitas vezes já existentes nas propriedades, sem onerar o custo de sua produção. Além do mais, a utilização dessas farinhas não convencionais na elaboração de produtos alimentícios contribuirá com enriquecimento nutricional das preparações, com a diversidade alimentar e consequentemente com a
saúde dos consumidores. O processamento destes materiais não convencionais pode acabar gerando coprodutos como fibras e amidos, que apresentam aplicação também pela indústria química, têxtil, farmacêutica e/ou cosmética, contribuindo para o melhor aproveitamento.
Avanços na genética de microrganismos de interesse para indústria de alimentos
Authors: Machado Solimar Gonçalves , Rodrigues Rafaela Da Silva , Rodrigues Ramila , Martins Evandro , Freitas Rosângela De , Carvalho Antônio Fernandes De
Published: November 2024

Os avanços na qualidade e na segurança de alimentos são de fundamental importância para melhoria da segurança alimentar global e das métricas de saúde pública. Dentro deste contexto, o estudo de microrganismos associados a alimentos, sejam eles benéficos ou prejudiciais, é essencial para o desenvolvimento do setor alimentício. A genética de microrganismos e o desenvolvimento das ferramentas
ômicas contribuíram significativamente para os progressos obtidos recentemente na área de microbiologia de alimentos. Portanto, esse capítulo fará um breve histórico sobre a evolução das ferramentas de análise de material genético microbiano. As ferramentas para estudo do material genético com abordagem ômica serão descritas. Além disso, será discutido como a genômica pode representar avanços no
desenvolvimento de novas culturas starter e probióticas para a indústria de alimentos. A aplicação da genômica para determinar a origem de microrganismos deterioradores, patogênicos e bacteriófagos presentes em alimentos ou no ambiente industrial também será tema de discussão deste capítulo, assim como a detecção de genes de resistência na comunidade microbiana contaminante por ferramentas ômicas. Para análise de comunidades microbianas, serão apresentadas as técnicas de metagenômica e metatranscriptômica e suas aplicações para avaliar a dinâmica
microbiana durante um processo fermentativo ou para avaliar, diretamente, a funcionalidade dessa microbiota. Mais adiante, serão abordadas tecnologias utilizadas para a edição gênica de microrganismos de interesse em alimentos com foco para o sistema CRISPR-Cas. Essa discussão é indispensável para a formação de profissionais que atuam em ciência e tecnologia de alimentos, principalmente aqueles que têm a atuação focada na área de microbiologia.
Cuidar com Dignidade: Fundamentos e Práticas em Cuidados Paliativos
Authors: SILVA CÉLIA REGINA DE JESUS , MACHADO KEYLA LIANA BEZERRA , SANTOS MATHEUS ELIAS DOS , SOUZA TALIA CAVALCANTE DE , MENESES MARCELA BEATRIZ BOTELHO , SCHUMANN GERALDINE ISABELLA LACERDA OLIVEIRA , GOMES HENRIQUE DOS SANTOS , CAMPOS CAIO VINÍCIUS DE OLIVEIRA , PEDROSA RAQUEL FERREIRA , SILVA RIAN RICARDO HENRIQUE DA , DEZINCOURT FELIPE FERREIRA
Published: November 2024

A 2ª Edição do livro "Cuidar com Dignidade: Fundamentos e Práticas em Cuidados Paliativos" é uma obra essencial para profissionais de saúde que atuam na área de cuidados paliativos, oferecendo uma abordagem abrangente e humanizada sobre o cuidado de pacientes com doenças graves e em fases. avançado. Atualizada com as mais recentes práticas e avanços científicos, esta nova edição mantém o foco na dignidade e na qualidade de vida, destacando o papel central do cuidado integral, que abrange as dimensões físicas, emocionais, sociais e espirituais do paciente.
A obra explora os princípios fundamentais dos cuidados paliativos, como o alívio da dor e do sofrimento, o suporte emocional para pacientes e familiares, a comunicação sensível em situações de terminalidade e a tomada de decisões compartilhadas. Além disso, apresenta estudos de caso, diretrizes clínicas, estratégias de manejo de sintomas e orientações para a prática interdisciplinar, reforçando a importância do trabalho colaborativo entre médicos, enfermeiros, psicólogos, assistentes sociais e outros profissionais envolvidos no cuidado.
Com contribuições de especialistas renomados, a 2ª edição de "Cuidar com Dignidade" é um guia prático e reflexivo, destinado a profissionais da saúde, estudantes e cuidadores que buscam aprimorar suas práticas e oferecer um cuidado compassivo e ético, centrado nas necessidades e desejos do paciente. A obra reafirma a importância de cuidar com empatia, promovendo a dignidade e o conforto em todas as fases da vida.
BEM-ESTAR DE PACIENTES APÓS O CÂNCER GINECOLÓGICO: UMA ABORDAGEM SOBRE A MENOPAUSA E SAÚDE SEXUAL
Authors: MACHADO KEYLA LIANA BEZERRA , SANTOS MATHEUS ELIAS DOS , SOUZA TALIA CAVALCANTE DE , MENESES MARCELA BEATRIZ BOTELHO , SCHUMANN GERALDINE ISABELLA LACERDA OLIVEIRA , GOMES HENRIQUE DOS SANTOS , CAMPOS CAIO VINÍCIUS DE OLIVEIRA , PEDROSA RAQUEL FERREIRA , SILVA RIAN RICARDO HENRIQUE DA , DEZINCOURT FELIPE FERREIRA
Published: November 2024

Introdução: Cânceres ginecológicos mais comuns são os do colo do útero, seguidos pelos do corpo do útero e
dos ovários, com a maioria das pacientes sendo curadas. Com o aumento do número de sobreviventes de câncer
ginecológico, a atenção à qualidade de vida é fundamental. O tratamento do câncer ginecológico muitas vezes
altera a anatomia e fisiologia da pelve, causando problemas como incontinência, prolapsos genitais e disfunções
sexuais. Objetivos: Discutir a qualidade de vida das mulheres sobreviventes de câncer ginecológico, destacando
a menopausa e a saúde sexual. Metodologia: Realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica que envolveu a busca,
seleção e análise de artigos e materiais relevantes, incluindo consultas em bases de dados como Scielo e PubMed.
As informações relevantes foram extraídas e discutidas neste trabalho. Resultados e Discussões: O tratamento
do câncer ginecológico pode causar efeitos significativos na sexualidade e na qualidade de vida das pacientes.
Entre os principais efeitos estão a menopausa induzida e a estenose vaginal. A menopausa induzida ocorre
frequentemente após tratamentos como cirurgia, quimioterapia ou radioterapia, resultando em sintomas mais
intensos do que a menopausa natural. A estenose vaginal é caracterizada pelo estreitamento anormal da vagina
devido à formação de tecido cicatricial. A utilização de terapia hormonal pode ser uma opção para a
sintomatologia. Estratégias adicionais incluem o uso de lubrificantes e dilatadores vaginais para melhorar o
conforto sexual e a capacidade de realização de exames pós-tratamento. Considerações Finais: Portadoras
câncer ginecológico possuem perda abrupta da função ovariana e sintomas mais graves que a menopausa natural.
A disfunção sexual é uma morbidade comum, porém subtratada. Profissionais de saúde devem iniciar discussões
sobre função sexual desde o diagnóstico, com manejo adequado dos sintomas. A terapia hormonal pode ser uma
opção, mas alternativas não hormonais também são válidas. Uma abordagem interdisciplinar sucessiva avaliza
o cuidado abrangente.
Can Non-Traditional University Presidents Boost Alumni Fundraising?
Authors: Allen Heather Makrez , Turner Lauren A.
Published: November 2024

Abstract: As universities become more complex, diverse, and resource constrained, understanding the president's impact on fundraising becomes increasingly important. Applying the broad framework of institutional theory, and drawing from social identity, self-categorization, and philanthropic mirroring theories, this study explores the relationship between the prior position of a president, specifically whether a president ascended to the presidency through a traditional academic pathway or from outside of academia, and alumni participation in fundraising. We model the prior position of the president as a social identity which becomes salient to prospective donors through activation of in-group self-categorization. We posit that, in turn, this in-group categorization triggers positive alignment with and perceptions of the president resulting in validation and credibility creating higher levels of giving; hence, prior position serves as a predictor of alumni giving. We test this hypothesis with secondary data from a sample of presidents from 85 institutions over an eight-year period. Findings show that alumni giving as a percentage of total giving is higher on average when the president's prior position was outside of academia. This means that the ratio of alumni donations as compared to all philanthropic revenue from all sources is higher when a non-academic president is in office. We discuss the practical interpretation, impact on president selection pools, and explore the alumni fundraising implications of presidential selection.
Learning our ABCs in Advancement: A New Organizational Change Management Model
Authors: Martin Shalonda F. , McNamee Chase D.
Published: November 2024

Abstract: In thinking about institutional advancement in higher education, one can often point to the strengths of advancement organizations: advancement practitioners excel at creating and sustaining relationships with alumni and donors; and, have seen great success in fundraising for billions of dollars annually in the United States. Alumni and donors are partners and give back in ways that are meaningful for them. However, through the following research into practice brief, we present a new organizational change model, the ABCS model. This model utilizes change management theory and research along with the tenets of diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging (DEIB) scholarship and practice to push the field of advancement into a space of deeper understanding and action in the engagement of historically minoritized groups. As advancement organizations make commitments to diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging, our model moves organizations from a space of "checking the DEIB box" to a sincere and intentional commitment to listening, co-creating, action, and assessment.
New records of rare herpetofauna species in Sinaloa, Mexico
Authors: Castro Bastidas Héctor Alexis
Published: November 2024

This study highlights the importance of identifying poorly documented species for biodiversity conservation in critical regions such as Mexico, where many amphibians and reptiles face an uncertain conservation status. In Sinaloa, three species of amphibians and 19 species of reptiles require verification; among them, Anaxyrus kelloggi, with no records in over 30 years, and Lampropeltis nigrita, undocumented for more than 50 years and now recorded for the first time in El Fuerte. These findings are crucial for enhancing the understanding of the local herpetofauna and underscore the need for more detailed research on their distribution, habitat, and dynamics.
Research on Fault Diagnosis of Motor Rolling Bearing Based on Improved Multi-Kernel Extreme Learning Machine Model
Authors: Zhang Guojun , Zhou Tong
Published: November 2024

Motors play a crucial role in energy conversion and are essential components of mechatronic systems. However, diagnosing faults in rolling bearings during motor operation presents significant challenges, making it difficult to achieve high accuracy in fault identification. To address these challenges, this paper introduces a novel intelligent diagnostic method based on an enhanced multi-kernel extreme learning machine (ELM) model. While the ELM model is widely used for diagnosing motor rolling bearing faults, it often struggles to classify complex vibration data. To improve its performance, this study proposes a multi-kernel ELM (MKELM) model that integrates three traditional kernel functions: Gaussian, polynomial, and perceptron kernels. Additionally, to overcome the challenges posed by the numerous parameters and the risk of local optima in the MKELM model, the kernel parameters were optimized using the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm, resulting in the GWO-MKELM algorithm. Finally, the GWO-MKELM algorithm was applied to diagnose motor rolling bearing faults. Experimental results show that this method achieves a 99.6% accuracy rate and effectively identifies various types of bearing faults.
Capital Matching, Environmental Regulation and Carbon Emission Performance
Authors: Shan Yan  , Wen Zhong  , Zhiqing Yan
Published: November 2024

Under the “dual carbon” goal, local governments in China have strategically focused on enhancing capital utilization efficiency and enforcing environmental regulations to improve carbon emission performance. This dual approach targets the intertwined challenges of economic development and environmental protection. Utilizing data from 266 prefecture-level cities in China from 2007 to 2019, this study systematically investigates the effects of capital matching and environmental regulation on carbon emission performance through the spatial Durbin model and the instrumental variable method. The results indicate that both capital matching and environmental regulation significantly enhance carbon emission performance. Capital matching demonstrates positive spatial spillover effects; whereas environmental regulation exhibits negative spatial spillover effects. Furthermore, there are synergistic effects between capital matching and environmental regulation that jointly enhance carbon emission performance. To address potential biases caused by endogenous environmental regulation, the study uses the proportion of environment-related words in provincial government work reports as an instrumental variable for environmental regulation. Additionally, to capture the heterogeneity in the environmental governance willingness and intensity of prefecture-level municipal governments, the study constructs heterogeneous instrumental variables. These variables are derived by multiplying the proportion of a prefecture-level city’s total industrial output value to the province’s total industrial output value with the proportion of environment-related words in the provincial government work reports. Analyses based on these instrumental variables reveal that endogenous issues in environmental regulation lead to an overestimation of its positive impact on carbon emission performance.
Sterility of cord blood units: Evaluation of the collection, preparation and conservation process with a view to establishing a bank of stem cells from cord blood at the Biological Resources Center of the Institut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire (2024)
Authors: Marcelle Ettien MONEY  , Valérie M'bengue GBONON  , Martin Kouassi KONAN  , Edwige Ayebe AKA  , Valérie Bonouman IRA  , Maxime kouao DIANÉ  , Ambroise Kouamé KINTOSSOU  , Mireille DOSSO
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Cord blood stem cells are used as an alternative to bone marrow and peripheral blood cell transplantation. For this purpose, cord blood banks have been established worldwide for the collection and cryopreservation of cord blood units. These banks must implement rigorous protocols to ensure the microbiological safety of grafts. The aim of this study is to evaluate the process of selecting mothers and collecting and processing these samples developed for this purpose. Methodology: Pregnant women were enrolled in the study on the basis of selection criteria. Maternal blood and cord blood samples were collected by the in utero method. Serological analyses of maternal blood for the detection of vertically transmitted infections and microbiological examinations of cord blood units were carried out. Results: 31 women out of 46 (68.4%) were enrolled. All had negative serology for the targeted pathogens. Similarly, microbiology revealed no microbial contamination of the cord blood units. Conclusion: This work demonstrates that the procedures for selecting mothers and processing implementations are effective in ensuring the microbiological safety of cord blood units and could be suggested in the context of banking cord blood stem cells at the Institut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire.
Phytochemical Profiling of Cymbopogon flexuosus Plant Leaves
Authors: Kelechi ThankGod Nwauche  , Ebitimi Peter Berezi  , Karibo Amakiri Okari
Published: November 2024

The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical composition of Cymbopogon flexuosus plant leaves were investigated using standard methods. Eight Phytochemical families were detected. Amongst those detected are phenolic acid, saponins, glycosides, cyanogenic glycosides, alkaloids, anthocyanins, flavonoids and sterols. Seven phenolic acids were quantitatively detected with ferulic acid (10.28±0.55 mg/100 g), chlorogenic acid (8.37±0.01 mg/100 g) and caffeic acid (2.93±0.04 mg/100 g) being the highest. Among the nine saponins detected sarsasapogenin (7.12±0.10 mg/100 g) and tigogenin (5.34±0.02 mg/100 g) were observed to be high. Nine glycosides and six cyanogenic glycosides were found in the plant leave and salicin (1.36±0.01 mg/100 g) and galliridoside (7.12±0.10 mg/100 g) were detected to be the highest respectively. Seventeen alkaloids and five anthocyanins were found in the plant leaf. For the alkaloids, akuammidine (4.21±0.01 mg/100 g) was seen to be the highest while cyaniding-3-sophoroside-5- glucoside (32.96±55.46 mg/100 g) was observed to be the highest for anthocyanins. Six and seven flavonoids and sterols were detected in the plant leaf respectively. Among them, glycitein with value of 19.01±0.06 mg/100 g and sitosterol at 16.25±0.01 mg/100 g were found to also be the highest respectively. The rich contents of many bioactive molecules detected in Cymbopogon flexuosus leaf suggest the strong nutraceutical potential of this plant leaves, further suggesting their likely use as functional food and as therapeutics in the management and prevention of diseases.
Identification and analysis of the spatial distribution of Cyanobacteria in the Aghien lagoon
Authors: Rosine Djeha YAO  , Julien Kalpy COULIBALY  , Martin Kouassi KONAN  , Mathias Ahoutou KOFFI  , Éric Kouamé YAO  , Mireille DOSSO  , Joseph Allico DJAMAN
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Cyanobacteria are aquatic microorganisms that colonize a wide variety of ecosystems. Some produce secondary metabolites with pharmacological activities while some produce toxins harmful to human and animal health. Because of this dual interest, the issue of Cyanobacteria is the subject of much work worldwide. In this context, this study is carried out on the Aghien Lagoon (Cote d'Ivoire) in order to evaluate the photosynthetic activity and analyze the spatial distribution of Cyanobacteria. Material and Methods: Samples were taken from June 2016 to March 2018 at six stations located on the Aghien Lagoon. Chlorophyll (a) present in the water was measured by monochromatic spectrophotometry. The identification of Cyanobacteria was carried out according to the technique of morphological keys of Cyanobacteria. Results: The results of this study revealed that the Aghien lagoon is the site of strong photosynthetic activity measurable by variable levels of Chlorophyll a. Also, the results showed that 12 genera of Cyanobacteria are present in the lagoon with producers of secondary metabolites. Stations 2 and 3 near the village of Akandjé were the stations that contained the greatest number of genera of Cyanobacteria. Conclusion: It emerges from this study that the Aghien lagoon contains several genera of Cyanobacteria with a spatio-dependent distribution. In addition, the genus Microcystis, potentially producing secondary metabolites, is the most widespread genus in this Lagoon.
Toxicological impacts of mercury on the growth and biochemical profiles of pumpkin (Curcurbita moschata duchesne)
Authors: Vijay Mani  , Binu George  , Keerthana Saravanan
Published: November 2024

Industrialization and urbanization have led to the accumulation of heavy metals in urban soils, water, roadway dust, sediments and living organisms. Heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils is the most concerning issues throughout the world. So, our aim of the study was to evaluate the toxicological impacts of Mercury on the growth and biochemical profiles of Pumpkin (Curcurbita moschata duchesne). Experimental plants were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 plants in bag not received mercury treatment and served as control, whereas groups 2, 3, and 4 were subjected to mercury treatment of 50, 100, and 200 mg, respectively. Our findings indicated that mercury treated Pumpkin plants exhibits significant reduction in growth parameters such as germination percentage, root length, shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight and vigour index. Biochemical analysis revealed that mercuric stress decreased the levels of carbohydrates, proteins, chlorophyll and carotenoids contents. Additionally, mercury treated plants showed a marked decrease in the enzymic antioxidants levels such as catalase & super oxide dismutase. Overall, our results highlight that mercury exhibits toxic effects in Pumpkin plants can adversely affect their growth and physiological processes, emphasizing the necessity for strategies to alleviate the heavy metal pollution in agricultural systems.
Machine learning for predictive AAC: Improving speech and gesture-based communication systems
Authors: Omotayo Emmanuel Omoyemi
Published: November 2024

Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems play a crucial role in supporting individuals with severe communication disabilities by providing accessible means of expression and engagement. However, many conventional AAC devices rely on manual input or basic predictive functions, which can limit communication efficiency and responsiveness. The application of machine learning (ML) to AAC offers new opportunities to enhance these systems, enabling them to provide faster, more accurate, and contextually relevant communication assistance. Advances in ML, particularly in predictive text, speech recognition, and gesture interpretation, allow AAC systems to adapt more intuitively to user needs, predicting intent based on usage patterns and multimodal data, such as voice and gestures. Current research highlights the potential of ML to address key gaps in AAC technology by creating more responsive, personalized systems that align with individual user behaviours. This study proposes a novel ML framework designed to integrate these capabilities, promising improvements in communication speed, user autonomy, and accuracy. By addressing the challenges and limitations of traditional AAC devices, this research aims to advance accessible communication solutions that empower users and improve quality of life.
Sosialisasi Pencegahan dan Penanganan Kekerasan Seksual pada Remaja di SMP Negeri Satap Konawe Selatan
Authors: Yuhanah Yuhanah , Rizka Mutmaina
Published: November 2024

Era disrupsi saat ini mengalami dampak pada perubahan perilaku remaja yang menjadi salah satu permasalahan di Indonesia sehubungan dengan kekerasan seksual, sehingga berimplikasi terhadap penderitaan pisik dan psikis termasuk gangguan kesehatan reproduksi serta hilangnya kesempatan melaksanakan pendidikan dengan aman dan optimal. Jumlah kekerasan seksual terhadap anak sepanjang tahun 2021 mencapai 11.952 (58,6%) atau 7.004 kasus dilaporkan, sedangkan kekerasan seksual pada anak di Sulawesi Tenggara tahun 2020 berjumlah 240 kasus dan sampai mei 2022 bertambah 35 kasus. Khusus di kabupaten Konawe selatan terdapat 13 kasus. Berdasarkan informasi kunjungan awal belum ada edukasi mengenai kekerasan seksual pada Remaja di SMP Negeri Satap Konawe Selatan, sehingga tim dosen tertarik untuk melaksanakan pengabdian masyarakat dalam bentuk sosialisasi berkaitan dengan kekerasan seksual. Kegiatan sosialisasi dilaksanakan di SMP 2 Satap dengan jumlah responden 70 siswa. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan remaja sehubungan dengan kekerasan seksual dan membangun mitra lintas program dan sektoral bidang kesehatan sebagai bentuk akseselasi dan dukungan pada strategi Kemdikbudristek dalam menciptakan generasi remaja sehat dan cerdas. Metode ceramah sebagai langkah awal pelaksanan, selanjutnya diskusi dan evaluasi menggunakan format pre dan post tes. Berdasarkan hasil terdapatpeningkatan pengetahuan dalam pencegahan yang sebelumnya 30% menjadi 79% dan pemahaman pada penanganan kasus yang tepat, dari 20% menjadi 75% disertai respon positif dewan guru. Membangun lingkungan sekolah yang sehat dan aman merupakan potensi kemerdekaan pelajar. Oleh karena itu Pencegahan dan Penanganan Kekerasan Seksual (PPKS) sangat penting. Peran agama dan keluarga dibutuhkan demi masa depan remaja yang cemerlang.
A Universal Data Format for Wellbore Logs
Authors:   Baker Hughes, Bradley Tom , Austin Simon ,   Baker Hughes, Holbrough David ,   Baker Hughes, Fernandes Warren ,   Baker Hughes, Wang Xuandong ,   Baker Hughes, Dyatlov Gleb ,   Baker Hughes, Veenstra Arnt ,   Baker Hughes
Published: November 2024

In the formation evaluation industry, multiple data formats are used. Some of these are industry standards (for example, LAS and DLIS) and are often used for data interchange and archival, whereas others are proprietary. However, many of these industry-standard formats suffer from legacy issues: for example, limited metadata storage, inability to efficiently store complex data (or nonstandard extensions being required), or are unsuited for storing data from modern tools and interpretation results, especially multidimensional data (such as generated by azimuthal resistivity tools). This paper describes a proposed universal format for the storage of wellbore-centric formation evaluation data. The format is suitable for complex 3D data, for example, those generated by deep and extra-deep azimuthal resistivity tools, borehole acoustic reflection images, VSPs, borehole imaging tools, multifingered caliper logs, and depth of detection data. The format also naturally collapses down when utilized to store simple conventional logs that contain one value per depth in the wellbore. For this reason, it is a good standard for data exchange between applications. It is suitable for both field and interpreted data. The proposed format provides spatial details of every data point in the wellbore. The position of each data point is defined by reference back to the measure point of the sonde, which in turn is defined by the wellbore deviation survey and its coordinate reference system: both these can be natively included in the file so enabling the recorded data to be located in physical 3D space. Each data point in space may have an unrestricted number of parameters. An example might be horizontal and vertical resistivity, maximum value based on uncertainty, minimum value based on uncertainty, and a number of flags indicating if it is within the depths of detection of the logging tool defined by different criteria. Metadata such as tool information, acquisition parameters, well location, etc., can also be included in the file. The versatility of the proposed format gives the capability to store and exchange all data that is recorded and referenced to a defined location in a wellbore, including metadata. It is suitable to be used as a data interchange format between usually incompatible applications and as a long-term data archiving format. The proposed format requires a detailed definition so that computer scientists can implement it in applications used for subsurface modeling, and detailed standards can be defined. As many wellbore data formats compress very efficiently, concerns of size can be addressed by natively including data compression in the format specification
Using Image Logs to Characterize and Correlate Mass Transport Deposits in the Bone Spring and Wolfcamp Formations, Delaware Basin
Authors:   Devon Energy, Borell Jarret , O'Brien Joshua J. ,   Devon Energy, Anderson Sloan ,   Devon Energy
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this work is to show an integrated workflow in which image logs can be used to identify and help define the architecture of deepwater mass transport deposits (MTDs) in the Bone Spring and Wolfcamp Formations in the Delaware Basin. Recognition of MTDs (i.e., debris flows, slumps, slides) has implications for reservoir characterization, formation top selection, mapping, and the understanding of facies architecture. This has significance for drilling and completion of horizontal wells in these unconventional targets, especially when the MTD is subseismic or the seismic is poor. The characterization of MTD features presented involves an integration of more than 10 cores and over 40 image logs. Physical features associated with MTDs on the image log have been calibrated to core using core descriptions, slab photos, and CT imagery. Bedding is characterized from the image logs and separated into the background (normal depositional events) and deformed beds associated with MTDs. Faulting and detachment surfaces are also characterized. Dip patterns identify intervals to further examine for overturned beds, repeated sections, and rafted blocks. These intervals are scrutinized using detailed image logs to verify repeated or overturned facies patterns compared to offset wells or sections of the same well with an undisturbed rock section. Systematic description of deformation features in core can be integrated with image logs to identify regional MTDs in the subsurface. The results will show examples of MTD features that include matrix material, deformed bedding, bed-scale normal- and reverse-slip faults, folded and overturned bedding, and repeated bedding in core and image logs. Typical bed dip patterns observed in MTDs will be shown along with cross sections illustrating how these patterns can aid correlations and mapping. Figure 1 shows a short cross section with an identified MTD that is up to 250 ft thick and spans 16 miles. This study builds upon previous work by providing a core-calibrated framework for systematically characterizing bed dips and patterns in MTDs using image logs. When applied regionally, this work has been important to understanding sediment deposits, explaining regional changes in thickness, and informing depositional models and play concepts. Image logs provide clear-cut evidence of deformation that standard log suites do not resolve. Moreover, this work has been integral to understanding depositional settings in the Delaware Basin, where seismic quality is low in comparison to other fields.
Application of GAN to Resolution Enhancement of LWD Real Time Images to Support Decision Making
Authors:   Petrobras, Trevizan Willian Andrighetto , Menezes de Jesus Candida ,   Petrobras
Published: November 2024

In the current scenario of project management, where the agility and optimization of operations have been prioritized, the practice of logging while drilling has gained space compared to traditional wireline logging. In theory, acquiring quality petrophysical properties during drilling brings greater agility in decision making about completion and optimizes operation costs. However, regarding borehole image logs, due to limitations in transmission capacity, the actual available data in real time contain about 50% (for resistivity images) of the full azimuth information, being insufficient for the identification of critical geological structures capable of impacting the communication between production or injection zones, or the quality of cementation, such as fractures, caves, and geomechanical collapse zones. The tool’s memory data with the full information may take a few days after the end of drilling to be delivered by the service company, which in some cases is not enough time for fast decision making regarding completion. In this work, we tested models based on generative adversarial neural networks (GANs) to reconstruct the complete memory data based on real-time input. As in conventional GAN schemes, a generator is trained to receive a real-time input and create a “memory-like” image, while a discriminator is trained to tell real and fake images apart. To regularize the convergence of training, we used an architecture known in the literature as CycleGAN, where another pair of generator-discriminator is trained simultaneously to do the reverse process, recreating the real-time data. Variations of the training process and data sets were used to generate different CycleGAN models. They were trained using logs of presalt reservoirs in the Buzios Field, and performance was assessed on logging intervals not seen by the algorithms during training. The results achieved so far have been very promising, as in certain intervals, resultant models were able to capture the presence of fractures and caves, as well as the general texture of resistivity LWD image logs, as shown in the figure attached. This methodology represents a way of circumventing telemetry limitations, where missing information is added indirectly to the real-time data as the artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm learns the main characteristics of a field/reservoir. Therefore, previous knowledge from the field can be used to continuously optimize future operations, efficiently incorporating the available database into the workflow of petrophysicists for the recognition of geological and geomechanical structures in time to support decision making in completion operations.
The Board Game Dixit as a Tool for The Development of Students’ Physics Concepts
Authors: Janiga Ladislav , Haverlíková Viera
Published: November 2024

The paper presents experiences with the application of a modified version of the commercial board game Dixit as a physics educational tool. The game was tested by 9 pre-service teachers and 42 upper-secondary students. The goals of the presented research are to examine which physics concepts the students associate with selected Dixit cards and to examine if modified Dixit stimulates peer-discussion concerning physics concepts. Based on observation and post-game discussions, the modified version of Dixit can be used as an educational tool. Students showed positive attitude towards playing the game and they identified benefits of the game (finding physics in everyday situations, actively thinking about and using physic terms). However, the influence of the game on students’ understanding of physics concepts, the suitability of various versions of the game for physics learning and the potential of the game to stimulate peer discussion requires further investigation.
Vitamin E in dairy cattle feeding (review)
Authors: Tuaeva E. V.
Published: November 2024

Vitamin E (tocopherol) is a fat–soluble vitamin that has a significant effect on the growth and health of animals. Currently, 8 tocopherol isomers have been synthesized; their peculiarity lies in the different distribution of methyl groups in the chromane core. In animals, vitamin E isomers cannot convert into each other and their biological activity varies significantly. Tocopherol has a powerful antioxidant effect, protecting substances from oxidation in the body, and plays an  important role in maintaining normal metabolic processes and physiological functions. Vitamin E protects cell membranes from oxidative damage by hydrogen peroxide, helps maintain the immunomodulatory effect and increases the body's resistance to various pathogens. In addition, it performs an essential function in embryogenesis, nucleic acid metabolism, ascorbic acid biosynthesis and ensures the preservation of structural and functional characteristics of tissues. The α-tocopherol isomer has the highest biological activity. The use of α-tocopherol feed additives in the feeding of agricultural animals is presented in the form of a natural form of RRR or a synthetic form of all-rac, including all eight stereoisomers (four with the 2R configuration and four with the 2S configuration) in equal quantities. This review based on 105 publications offers a set of modern knowledge and research focused on the study of the physiological role of vitamin E in the nutrition of dairy cattle, as well as analyzes the effect of various dosages of α-tocopherol on zootechnical indicators.
Changes in the properties of agrogray forest soils of the Udmurt Republic as a result of their long-term use in agricultural production
Authors: Lednev A. V. , Lozhkin A. V. , Kudryavtsev I. M.
Published: November 2024

Changes in the morphological and agrochemical parameters of agrogray forest soils over a fifty-year period of agricultural use were identified based on data from a monitoring survey of the soil cover of the Udmurt Republic. The studies were conducted on reference plots and based on soil survey data over an area of more than 9 thousand hectares. It was established that the fertility level of agrogray forest soils depended on their genetic characteristics (origin) and agricultural technology used on land plots. Throughout the observation period, agrogray forest soils were well differentiated by fertility level into three subtypes: dark gray (humus content – more than 5 %, sum of exchangeable bases – more than 35 mmol/100 g, soil reaction – close to neutral or neutral), light gray (2.5–3.5 %; 20–30 mmol/100 g; slightly acidic or close to neutral) and gray (the above mentioned indicators occupied an intermediate position). During the observation period, the properties of agrogray forest soils changed as follows: the thickness of the arable layer increased by an average of 2–4 cm, the humus content in the arable layer decreased by 0.2–0.3 abs.%, or 2.5–10.0 rel.%, and the soil became acidified within the initial grouping of soils according to the degree of acidity. The content of nutrients did not depend on the genetic characteristics of the soils, but was determined by the level of agricultural technology on the land plots. The identified patterns will make it possible to make a long-term forecast of further changes in these soils as a result of their agricultural use in order to develop measures to restore fertility.
Comparative evaluation of cows of different lineages according to their productivity and reproductive qualities
Authors: Titova S. V.
Published: November 2024

The article presents the results of a comparative study of the milk productivity and reproductive ability of the first-calf cows of the black-and-white Holstein breed in the context of genealogical lines. The initial material was information from the primary zootechnical and breeding records of cows (n = 3211). For comparative analysis, groups of animals were formed in accordance with their linear affiliation: the first group – individuals of the Vis Beck Ideal 1013415 line, the second – the Montwick Chieftain 95679 line, the third – the Reflection Sovering 0198998 line. It was found that the animals of the  V. B. Ideal line differed in the highest coefficient of lactation (1363 kg) and the coefficient of lactation constancy (93.2 %). According to the level of milk yield between the groups, the differences were not significant. Cows of the R. Covering line had the best indicators of reproductive ability. They had the lowest age of first fruitful insemination (16.7 months) and calving (26.8 months), as well as the shortest interbody period (13.4 months). They also outperformed the animals of the compared lines in terms of reproductive ability (0.91) and fertility index (46.3). In terms of calf yield per 100 heads (82.8 %), the best were cows of the M. Chieftain line. In all lines, positive correlation coefficients were obtained between milk yield and service and interbody periods (+0.237...+0.278), which indicate that with an increase in milk yield, the duration of service and interbody periods increases, and this indicates a process of deterioration in the reproductive abilities of cows. Cows were evaluated according to the fertility index (according to I. Dokhi). It was found that cows with a rating of "good" fertility, compared with animals rated "medium" and "low", had lower milk yield, shortened duration of the service period and increased reproductive ability. The line of R. Sovering was distinguished by the largest number of cows (56.9 % heads) with good reproductive ability, the average value of the fertility index was 51.2. The presence of low negative correlation coefficients between the fertility index and milk yield, against the background of an increase in milk yield, indicates a decrease in the fertility of cows.