bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low-Temperature Production of Genuinely Amorphous Carbon from Highly Reactive Nanoacetylide Precursors
Authors: Judai Ken , Iguchi Naoyuki , Hatakeyama Yoshikiyo
Published: March 2016

Copper acetylide is a well-known explosive compound. However, when the size of it crystals is reduced to the nanoscale, its explosive nature is lost, owing to a much lower thermal conductance that inhibits explosive chain reactions. This less explosive character can be exploited for the production of new carbon materials. Generally, amorphous carbon is prepared by carbonization of organic compounds exposed to high temperature, which can induce partial crystallization in graphite. In this work, we present a new method in which the carbonization reaction can proceed at a lower annealing temperature (under 150°C) owing to the highly reactive nature of copper acetylide, thus avoiding crystallization processes and enabling the production of genuinely amorphous carbon materials.
The Case of the Disappearing Spindle Burst
Authors: Tiriac Alexandre , Blumberg Mark S.
Published: March 2016

Sleep spindles are brief cortical oscillations at 10–15 Hz that occur predominantly during non-REM (quiet) sleep in adult mammals and are thought to contribute to learning and memory. Spindle bursts are phenomenologically similar to sleep spindles, but they occur predominantly in early infancy and are triggered by peripheral sensory activity (e.g., by retinal waves); accordingly, spindle bursts are thought to organize neural networks in the developing brain and establish functional links with the sensory periphery. Whereas the spontaneous retinal waves that trigger spindle bursts in visual cortex are a transient feature of early development, the myoclonic twitches that drive spindle bursts in sensorimotor cortex persist into adulthood. Moreover, twitches—and their associated spindle bursts—occur exclusively during REM (active) sleep. Curiously, despite the persistence of twitching into adulthood, twitch-related spindle bursts have not been reported in adult sensorimotor cortex. This raises the question of whether such spindle burst activity does not occur in adulthood or, alternatively, occurs but has yet to be discovered. If twitch-related spindle bursts do occur in adults, they could contribute to the calibration, maintenance, and repair of sensorimotor systems.
Hexanal Gas Detection Using Chitosan Biopolymer as Sensing Material at Room Temperature
Authors: Shantini Devi , Nainggolan Irwana , Nasution Tulus Ikhsan , Derman Mohd Nazree , Mustaffa Roshida , Abd Wahab Nur Zuraihan
Published: March 2016

Hexanal was identified as one of the major volatile gases which are produced in degraded dairy products and wood industries. Therefore, preliminary study on hexanal gas detection with the laboratory scale was carried out in this paper. Electrical testing with chitosan as a sensing material to sense hexanal gas in low concentration was carried out at room temperature. Chitosan sensor was fabricated by using electrochemical deposition technique to form active sensing layer. The response of the chitosan film sensor (CFS) towards hexanal was tested via electrical testing by exposing different hexanal concentrations ranging between 20 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm, and 300 ppm using air as a carrier gas. Sensing properties of the CFS toward hexanal exposure including responsibility, recovery, repeatability, stability, and selectively were studied. Overall, our result suggested that hexanal sensor based on chitosan was able to perform well at room temperature demonstrated by good response, good recovery, good repeatability, good stability, and good selectively. This simple and low cost sensor has high potential to be utilized in early quality degradation detection in dairy products and can be used to monitor the level of hexanal exposure in wood industries.
A Survey and Comparative Study of Broadcast Warning Message Dissemination Schemes for VANETs
Authors: Sanguesa Julio A. , Fogue Manuel , Garrido Piedad , Martinez Francisco J. , Cano Juan-Carlos , Calafate Carlos T.
Published: March 2016

Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications also known as vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) allow vehicles to cooperate to increase driving efficiency and safety on the roads. In particular, they are forecasted as one of the key technologies to increase traffic safety by providing useful traffic services. In this scope, vehicle-to-vehicle dissemination of warning messages to alert nearby vehicles is one of the most significant and representative solutions. The main goal of the different dissemination strategies available is to reduce the message delivery latency of such information while ensuring the correct reception of warning messages in the vehicle’s neighborhood as soon as a dangerous situation occurs. Despite the fact that several dissemination schemes have been proposed so far, their evaluation has been done under different conditions, using different simulators, making it difficult to determine the optimal dissemination scheme for each particular scenario. In this paper, besides reviewing the most relevant broadcast dissemination schemes available in the recent literature, we also provide a fair comparative analysis by evaluating them under the same environmental conditions, focusing on the same metrics, and using the same simulation platform. Overall, we provide researchers with a clear guideline of the benefits and drawbacks associated with each scheme.
Restoration of a Critical Mandibular Bone Defect Using Human Alveolar Bone‐Derived Stem Cells and Porous Nano‐HA/Collagen/PLA Scaffold
Authors: Wang Xing , Xing Helin , Zhang Guilan , Wu Xia , Zou Xuan , Feng Lin , Wang Dongsheng , Li Meng , Zhao Jing , Du Jianwei , Lv Yan , E Lingling , Liu Hongchen
Published: March 2016

Periodontal bone defects occur in a wide variety of clinical situations. Adult stem cell‐ and biomaterial‐based bone tissue regeneration are a promising alternative to natural bone grafts. Recent evidence has demonstrated that two populations of adult bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) can be distinguished based on their embryonic origins. These BMSCs are not interchangeable, as bones preferentially heal using cells that share the same embryonic origin. However, the feasibility of tissue engineering using human craniofacial BMSCs was unclear. The goal of this study was to explore human craniofacial BMSC‐based therapy for the treatment of localized mandibular defects using a standardized, minimally invasive procedure. The BMSCs’ identity was confirmed. Scanning electron microscopy, a cell proliferation assay, and supernatant detection indicated that the nHAC/PLA provided a suitable environment for aBMSCs. Real‐time PCR and electrochemiluminescence immunoassays demonstrated that osteogenic markers were upregulated by osteogenic preinduction. Moreover, in a rabbit critical‐size mandibular bone defect model, total bone formation in the nHAC/PLA + aBMSCs group was significantly higher than in the nHAC/PLA group but significantly lower than in the nHAC/PLA + preinduced aBMSCs. These findings demonstrate that this engineered bone is a valid alternative for the correction of mandibular bone defects.
Driven Factors Analysis of China’s Irrigation Water Use Efficiency by Stepwise Regression and Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Jia Renfu , Fang Shibiao , Tu Wenrong , Sun Zhilin
Published: March 2016

This paper introduces an integrated approach to find out the major factors influencing efficiency of irrigation water use in China. It combines multiple stepwise regression (MSR) and principal component analysis (PCA) to obtain more realistic results. In real world case studies, classical linear regression model often involves too many explanatory variables and the linear correlation issue among variables cannot be eliminated. Linearly correlated variables will cause the invalidity of the factor analysis results. To overcome this issue and reduce the number of the variables, PCA technique has been used combining with MSR. As such, the irrigation water use status in China was analyzed to find out the five major factors that have significant impacts on irrigation water use efficiency. To illustrate the performance of the proposed approach, the calculation based on real data was conducted and the results were shown in this paper.
Review on the Eyedrop Self-Instillation Techniques and Factors Affecting These Techniques in Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Kayikcioglu Ozcan , Bilgin Sinan , Uyar Murat
Published: March 2016

Objective. This study aims to evaluate eyedrop self-installation techniques and factors affecting these techniques in glaucoma patients.Methods. Researchers directly observed eyedrop instillation procedures of 66 glaucoma patients. Contact with periocular tissues and instillation onto ocular surface or conjunctival fornices were considered. Correlations of instillation patterns with patient characteristics including age, gender, intraocular pressure, cup-to-disc ratio, visual field loss, and total intake of glaucoma medication and handgrip strength score were searched.Results. The average handgrip strength in the instillation without periocular contact group was66.4 ± 19.7 kg, while the average handgrip strength score was55.9 ± 20.9 kg in the instillation with contact group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p=0.039). No statistically significant correlation was found between handgrip strength and the mean number of glaucoma medications, c/d, intraocular pressure (p>0.05). Also there was no significant relation between mean handgrip strength score and the severity of the visual field defect (p=0.191).Conclusion. Patients especially with severe glaucomatous damage should be adequately instructed about the proper techniques for self-instillation of eyedrops and motivated to use a proper technique. Also, it is possible to suggest that patients with a higher handgrip strength, indicating the well-being of general health, may be doing better in properly instilling glaucoma eyedrops.
Combined Microencapsulated Islet Transplantation and Revascularization of Aortorenal Bypass in a Diabetic Nephropathy Rat Model
Authors: He Yunqiang , Xu Ziqiang , Fu Hongxing , Chen Bin , Wang Silu , Chen Bicheng , Zhou Mengtao , Cai Yong
Published: March 2016

Objective.Revascularization of aortorenal bypass is a preferred technique for renal artery stenosis (RAS) in diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients. Restenosis of graft vessels also should be considered in patients lacking good control of blood glucose. In this study, we explored a combined strategy to prevent the recurrence of RAS in the DN rat model.Methods.A model of DN was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Rats were divided into 4 groups: SR group, MIT group, Com group, and the untreated group. The levels of blood glucose and urine protein were measured, and changes in renal pathology were observed. The expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in graft vessels was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. Histopathological staining was performed to assess the pathological changes of glomeruli and tubules.Results.The levels of urine protein and the expression of MCP-1 in graft vessels were decreased after islet transplantation. The injury of glomerular basement membrane and podocytes was significantly ameliorated.Conclusions.The combined strategy of revascularization and microencapsulated islet transplantation had multiple protective effects on diabetic nephropathy, including preventing atherosclerosis in the graft vessels and alleviating injury to the glomerular filtration barrier. This combined strategy may be helpful for DN patients with RAS.
O Groupe μ. Quarenta anos de retórica. Trinta e três anos de semiótica visual.
Authors: Dondero Maria Giulia , Sonesson Göran
Published: March 2016

Uma breve caracterização da semiótica visual do Groupe μ é apresentada juntamente com seus desdobramentos mais marcantes. Em seguida, seis artigos e uma entrevista são comentados, todos integrantes do evento em homenagem ao Groupe “O Groupe μ. Quarenta anos de retórica — Trinta e três anos de semiótica visual”. São eles: “Retórica do ponto de vista do mundo da vida”, de Göran Sonesson; “A semiótica visual entre princípios gerais e especificidades. A partir do Grupo μ”, de Maria Giulia Dondero; “Imagem de. . . Entre indivíduo e categoria, da lógica à retórica”, de Odile Le Guern; “A figura, o fundo, o abismo: Em homenagem ao Groupe μ”, de Anne Beyaert-Geslin; “Groupe μ e ‘o Sistema da Forma Plástica’ — para uma avaliação” e “Cinco Perguntas a Francis Edeline e Jean-Marie Klinkenberg”, ambos de Fred Andersson; “Sobre o Tratado do signo visual: uma observação e duas questões”, de Georges Roque.
Discovering the still unexplored arachnofauna of the National Park of Dadia-Lefkimi-Soufli, NE Greece: a taxonomic review with description of new species
Authors: KOMNENOV MARJAN , PITTA EVA , ZOGRAFOU KONSTANTINA , CHATZAKI MARIA
Published: March 2016

The National Park of Dadia in NE Greece (Thrace) was established as a nature reserve in 1980, mainly due to its great diversity in birds of prey. Since then many studies have taken place, focusing on other birds, reptiles, amphibians and some invertebrates (grasshoppers, beetles and butterflies), but up to now none was conducted on spiders. The aim of the present paper was to create the first extensive checklist on the spiders of this important natural reserve. For this purpose, pitfall traps were set in 15 sites located in and around the National Park, resulting in a large spider collection. The results of the taxonomical revision of this collection are here presented, giving rise to 132 species in total, which belong to 24 families. Of them, 11 species (Centromerus valkanovi Deltshev, 1983, Crosbyarachne silvestris (Georgescu, 1973), Ipa terrenus (L. Koch, 1879), Sintula spiniger (Balogh, 1935), Tenuiphantes floriana (van Helsdingen, 1977), Alopecosa taeniopus (Kulczyñski, 1895), Liocranum rupicola (Walckenaer, 1830), Zodarion turcicum Wunderlich, 1980, Gnaphosa modestior Kulczyñski, 1897, Philodromus krausi Muster & Thaler, 2004, Cozyptila thaleri Marusik & Kovblyuk, 2005) are new records for the Greek territory. Seven species (Dysdera kati sp. n., Dysdera krisis sp. n., Harpactea ice sp. n., Harpactea wolfgangi sp. n.—Dysderidae, Phrurolithus thracia sp. n.—Phrurolithidae, Zodarion beroni sp. n.—Zodariidae, Drassyllus dadia sp. n.—Gnaphosidae) are here proposed as new species for science.
The Caloric Costs of Culture: Evidence from Indian Migrants
Authors: Atkin David
Published: March 2016

Anthropologists have documented substantial and persistent differences in food preferences across social groups. My paper asks whether such food cultures can constrain caloric intake? I first document that interstate migrants within India consume fewer calories per rupee of food expenditure compared to their neighbors. Second, I show that migrants bring their origin-state food preferences with them. Third, I link these findings by showing that the gap in caloric intake between locals and migrants depends on the suitability and intensity of the migrants' origin-state preferences. The most affected migrants would consume seven percent more calories if they possessed their neighbors' preferences. (JEL D12, I12, O15, R23, Z12, Z13)
Development of an e-learning package for sepsis care
Authors: Davis Anna , Henderson James , Langmack Gill
Published: March 2016

Severe sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the UK. This article describes the collaborative development and implementation of an interactive online learning package to understand the key role nurses have in recognising and then starting to apply the Sepsis Six care bundle in clinical practice. The e-learning package, developed in a UK teaching hospital, uses a case study approach to address the knowledge that is required to be able to recognise sepsis, to understand the processes that occur and the ongoing care and treatment required. The package is relevant to final-year student nurses, newly registered nurses in preceptorship and other health professionals involved in assessing and treating patients who may be developing sepsis.
Infection prevention and control practitioners: improving engagement
Authors: Aziz Ann-Marie
Published: March 2016

Every healthcare worker plays a vital part in minimising the risk of cross infection. Infection prevention and control (IPC) practitioners have the skills and competencies to assist organisations in improving engagement among staff and play a vital part in achieving this. IPC practitioners have skills in clinical practice, education, research and leadership, and these skills ensure high-quality care for patients and support strategies for engaging staff. This article highlights how IPC practitioners' skills and competencies are required for preventing infection and improving staff engagement. Engaged staff generate positive outcomes for both patients and staff, which is a welcome result for all healthcare organisations.
Meeting the learning needs of AMU nurses through collaborative working
Authors: Mitchell Laura , Bury Emily , Leonard Orla
Published: March 2016

The ‘Nursing the Acute Medical Patient’ level 8 continuing professional development (CPD) programme was developed to support the learning needs of staff nurses within an acute medical unit (AMU) in an Irish academic teaching hospital. Within this recently-established AMU, the nursing team was challenged by the complexity of clinical presentations. At the outset of the programme, over half of nurses employed in the AMU had less than 5 years' clinical experience. The 6-month CPD programme was developed collaboratively by the registered nurse tutor, advanced nurse practitioner candidate (trainee) in acute medicine and the clinical facilitator. The programme was accredited by University College Dublin, and awarded 10 European Credit Transfer System credits. Clinical competency assessment had to be completed in order to pass the programme and was facilitated by the development of the Comprehensive Clinical Learning Objective Performance Evaluation (CLOPE) document. The programme was positively evaluated by students and the wider multidisciplinary team. It has made a significant contribution to both staff development and the delivery of evidence-based care in the AMU.
From staff nurse to nurse consultant
Authors: Fowler John
Published: March 2016

John Fowler, Independent education consultant, summarises his series for clinical nurses hoping to share their experiences with a wider audience, with advice on developing a potential article for a professional journal
Guidelines not tramlines: the WHO safe childbirth checklist
Authors: Tingle John
Published: March 2016

John Tingle discusses the safe childbirth checklist recently published by the World Health Organization as an example of the considerations involved in adopting, adapting and implementing a patient safety tool
Improving patient outcomes: bridging the gap between science and efficacy
Authors: Cutting Keith
Published: March 2016

Keith Cutting, Clinical Research Consultant, Hertfordshire, summarises presentations on the seated patient and benefits of wheelchair cushions that are designed to prevent pressure ulceration in such patients
Wound infection: a knowledge deficit that needs addressing
Authors: Hughes Maria A
Published: March 2016

A survey was undertaken at a recent large wound-care exhibition, aimed at generalist nurses, podiatrists and other allied health professionals, to ascertain delegates' understanding of wound infection and its treatment options. The sample comprised 116 delegates, although not all of them answered every question. Results showed good knowledge in some areas, with most (90%) correctly identifying the symptoms of localised wound infection and the characteristics of an infected wound (97%). However, the results did reveal some alarming gaps in knowledge, with 64% unable to identify that it is the inability of the host to mount a robust immune response that can tip the balance between colonisation and infection. Similarly, over a third (38%) incorrectly considered that wounds should always be cleansed, regardless of the wound characteristics, while 5% stated that antimicrobial dressings should be used continuously until epithelialisation occurs. The results suggest that there is still a worrying trend for ritualistic wound care and that more ongoing education is needed on the core aspects of wound management.
Evaluating the effect of a haemoglobin spray on size reduction in chronic DFUs
Authors: Haycocks Samantha , McCardle Joanne , Findlow Andrew H , Guttormsen Karl
Published: March 2016

Aim:

The aim of this multi-centre observational evaluation was to assess the percentage reduction in wound area of non-healing diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), treated with Granulox haemoglobin spray over a 4-week period. Secondary outcome parameters—for example, adverse events, patient acceptability and ease of use—were also recorded.

Method:

After a run-in-period (2 weeks for existing patients and 4 weeks for new patients) to determine if the wounds were non-healing despite receiving local best practice, patients whose foot ulcers had decreased in size by < 20% were then entered into the evaluation. A sample of 17 patients (4 females and 13 males), comprising 4 with type 1 and 13 with type 2 diabetes, with a total of 20 DFUs, met the inclusion criteria. These data were collected from six sites across the UK.

Results:

There was an overall positive reduction in size in 14 of the wounds, equating to a mean reduction of 53.8% (standard deviation (SD): 26.6; range: 11.9–100%). One participant, with two ulcers, had to be withdrawn due to infection. All clinicians and participants found the product easy to use.

Conclusion:

The addition of a topical oxygenation therapy in this cohort of non-healing DFUs showed reduction in wound surface area and progression to healing. The product was also found to be acceptable and very easy to use by both participants and clinicians.
Web based interactive online creating your story portal
Authors: Kaleci Devkan , Korkmaz Özge
Published: March 2016

The development in technology affects every area of our lives as well as learning-teaching process. This situation makes it essential to give place to information technologies in educational applications. The purpose of this study is to create a web-based story writing portal which makes thinking enjoyable and increase creativity and creative writing. Based on a predetermined plan in this way, enhancing students' writing and thinking skills attainment has been intended. The study's being grounded on web-based and interactive is to provide students an environment far from fears, since mental and emotional comfort allow freedom in writing. Therefore, this study contributes to raise individuals who are creative, curious, able to think deeply and able to think freely in judgment and ideas. Thus, the study will be an important step to apply such a beneficial educational approach which intends to bring up creative individuals to meet the needs of present day.
Jane Austen’s Balls
Authors: Malone Meaghan
Published: March 2016

Meaghan Malone, “Jane Austen’s Balls: Emma’s Dance of Masculinity” (pp. 427–447)

Jane Austen’s scenes of dance are at the narrative heart of each of her novels, places where heroine and hero meet and flirt according to rigid prescriptions for chaste courtship. In this essay, I argue that Austen develops her characters’ sexuality within these very conventions, and uses dance as her primary means for sexualized social interaction. Austen’s ballrooms are spaces of intense erotic intimacy, sites that foreground her characters’ bodies and allow women to gaze upon men. This inversion of the male gaze is especially pronounced in Emma (1816), a novel in which the male body is systemically filtered through the eyes of women. Men become objects of female scrutiny in the ballroom as Austen highlights the social and sexual power of the female gaze. The masculine ideal that Austen subsequently creates validates female desire and facilitates reciprocity between Mr. Knightley and Emma: ultimately, each adapts to the other’s expectations of what they “ought to be.”
“But one kind” of Life
Authors: McKelvey Seth
Published: March 2016

Seth McKelvey, “‘But one kind’ of Life: Thoreau’s Subjective Theory of Value in Walden” (pp. 448–472)

Literary scholars generally take for granted Henry David Thoreau’s hostility to market exchange in Walden (1854). I argue, however, that Thoreau anticipates the subjective theory of value and the related concept of diminishing marginal utility, offering glimpses of ideas that would not be formalized in economics until after his death but that should nevertheless align him with a long lineage of free market thinkers. Thoreau does not reject the marketplace as a means to achieve his own best interests, but rather challenges his society’s definition of what those interests should be, attacking the misguided desire to accumulate excessive material wealth and the burdensome labor that attends such aspirations. I juxtapose the economics put forth in Walden with the work of Austrian free market economist Carl Menger in order to illustrate how Thoreau can so vehemently oppose the materialistic obsessions of capitalism while simultaneously remaining amenable to the principles of free exchange.
Revitalisasi Teori Maslahat Mulghâh al-Thûfî dan Relevansinya dalam Pembentukan Perundang- Undangan di Indonesia
Authors: K Hamzah
Published: March 2016

To make Islam as a guide in life, need to be developed in the form of legislation to have the force of law is clear in its implementation, both personally and nation. The establishment of law in Indonesia need the proper method to be practiced and bring peace, tranquility and mercy for all citizens. Many new problems that arise and can not set legal textually through the Quran and the Sunah. One method that could otherwise be used in the determination of the law is mashlahat mulghâh theory. Prospects for the establishment of Islamic law in the form of legislation is very open because the state guarantees the freedom of each citizen to profess his own religion and to worship according to their religion or belief DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i1.2845
Hukum Keluarga Islam Dalam Potret Interrelasi Sosial
Authors: Muslimin J.M.
Published: March 2016

Islamic Family Law has been studied for long time in many Faculties of Sharia. The need of establishing the Faculties itself was due to the existing social need: producing judges for Peradilan Agama (Islamic Court). It may be true, because of that reason the tendency of studying Islamic Family Law is almost going “no where”. The core of the study is running on the redundant condition. This writing tries to present an alternative sample to minimize redundancy. At the same time, the writing supports and strengthens the need for empirical legal research by using and correlating the law to social sciences. The substance of the writing describes the correlation between Islamic Family Law and some social factors in a comparative modelDOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i1.2846
Muhajirin Amsar Contribution on Legal Hadîts Interpretation
Authors: Hakim Masykuri
Published: March 2016

Muhajirin Amsar is a native Betawi scholars.  Muhajirin Amsar explained hadîts by ignoring other scholars opinion in terms of grammar, so that the reader can immediately understand the content of the hadîts. He also did not provide his own opinion after the scholars opinion, it seems he more likely put the reader to choose freely due to the problem  as the issue of khilâfiyyah.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i1.2849
Otentisitas Konsep al-Murâbahah Di Bank Syariah
Authors: Suprihatin Suprihatin
Published: March 2016

The aim of this research is  to  returning the authenticity of al-murâbahah in syariah bank. The method of this research is qualitative library method with symbolism  interaction approach.   The  problem of  this research is an unauthenticity of al-murâbahah in syariah bank  because  there is no trading. Al-murâbahah in syariah bank was  operated  base on funding. So that  al-murâbahah in syariah bank can be called unauthentic. The urgency to returning the authenticity of al-murâbahah is to obey the syariah,  to make someone who operated al-murâbahah in syariah bank did’n have a split of thinking,  to built a correspondence thruth and coherence thruth in  Islamic civilization.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i1.2850
Khitan dalam Literatur Hadis Hukum
Authors: Nurasiah Nurasiah
Published: March 2016

What was found in this paper strengthen Syaltut Mahmud statement and some other scholars that the orders circumcision, for both men and women, not relying directly on religious scripture text, because no one else valid hadith regarding circumcision command. The arguments presented cleric who require circumcision is very weak. According to Mahmud Syaltut, the command of circumcision in Islam actually be accommodated only through the rule of jurisprudence that injure members of the living body (in this case circumcision) is allowed if it there is the benefit derived from it.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i1.2851
Perbudakan dalam Hukum Islam
Authors: Nasution Ahmad Sayuti Anshari
Published: March 2016

Islamic law emerged in the era of slavery. Slavery is one of the pillars which depends the economic life. Islam does not frontally abolish slavery. Islamic law provides solutions gradual liberation of slaves. Some illegal acts be sanctioned by an obligation to free a slave. Today, many practice similar to slavery. And this requires the completion of a solution in accordance with sharia corridor.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i1.2852
Internalisasi Maqâshid al-Syarî’ah dalam Ekonomi Menurut M. Umer Chapra
Authors: Yafiz Muhammad
Published: March 2016

Islamic economic system as part of a true Islamic teachings from the beginning must have intended to establish what the objectives pensyariatannya (maqasid al-shari'ah), namely the realization of the benefit to achieve happiness in this world and in the hereafter. The purpose of Islamic economics is welfare or well-being in the field of material possessions or wealth. However, it is not understood as something separate from a form of devotion (worship) to God, so that the welfare and management of material possessions still have to refer to the values of all the Lord's and deals with aspects of the benefit of others in the maqasid al-shariah.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i1.2853
Wakaf dan Politik di Tunisia
Authors: Juliandi Budi
Published: March 2016

For some experts, Tunisia is tended to be the most progressive, liberal and radical among other Islamic countries in the world, particularly in addressing the issues of women's rights and the prohibition of polygamy. However, development in the areas of family law is not followed by progress in other fields, mainly in the development of waqf.  For this case, Tunisia is the most underdeveloped compared to other Muslim countries, such as Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Jordan, Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia, and Indonesia; even though, around the 19th century, the contribution of waqf land of Tunisia in 1883 had reached 1/3 of the entire ownership of the land. Currently, Tunisia Tunisia do not yet have the institutions and the laws governing the waqf.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i2.2857
Implementing the Internal Control System in the Islamic Microfinance Institutions AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF 13 BMT’S IN DEPOK CITY
Authors: Mardian Sepky , Haifa Rabitha Nabila
Published: March 2016

BMT (Bayt al-Mal wa al-Tamwil) should further improve the prudential principles in giving credit to avoid things that are unintended. Therefore, it needs to improve the internal control system (ICS), so the risk of financing problems can be prevented. This study refers to the internal control system based on the COSO framework. The object of this study is 13 BMTs in Depok. The study found that the internal control system at 13 BMTs in Depok were effective. This is supported by the results of the answers to the questionnaire related to 86% effectiveness of internal controls. However, it is still found weaknesses in the lack of spontaneous checks on the use of funds by customers, incompleteness flowchart and pre-numbered documentsDOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i2.2863
Aktualisasi Syariah dan Fikih dalam Menyelesaikan Berbagai Persoalan Hukum
Authors: Muhaimin Abdul Wahab Abd
Published: March 2016

In line with the dynamics of society and the advancement of science, various contemporary legal issues occur. This issues need solution from Islamic law. This study indicated that Islam law still based on Al-Quran and Hadith  and it still relevan tgroughout the ages, and it will always correspond to the society and technology.  It convenients with the rule: “Islam is appropriate and relevant to every condition, state, time, and place”.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i2.2868
Hukum Keluarga Islam dalam Perspektif HAM Universal (UDHR) dan HAM Islam (UIDHR)
Authors: Hamdani Muhammad Faisal
Published: March 2016

Human Rights contain provisions relating to Islamic law, especially family law. As a Sharia scholar, this topic is crucial to observe. This paper analyzes several aspects of family law in human rights, both universal human rights and universal human rights, such as marriage, inheritance, and child custody. There are the similarities and differences in both of these human rights like in the case of marriage. In Universal Declaration Human Rights, marriage is permissible for a couple without consideration of religion at all (article 2), whereas in Universal Declaration Human Rights, there is strong indication (Article 19 (1)a) that inter- religious marriage is forbidden, such as the comments of Elizabeth Mayer and others.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v16i1.2892
Ijtihad dan Beberapa Ide Pembaruan dalam Fikih Islam.
Authors: Al-Haddad Umar
Published: March 2016

Assumption that the door of ijtihad was closed, despite ever becoming conspicuous in general, has never been universally accepted by all scholars. In the period after the fourth century BC /10 AD—during the opinion was evolving—history still noted the emergence of figures not only by showing their thought on ijtihad but also by showing their firm rejection to the view which said that the door of ijtihad was closed. By reviewing the position of ijtihad and its development in the history of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), this article proves that ijtihad is a must in the dynamics of the Islamic law. With the spirit of ijtihad, various reform ideas in Islamic jurisprudence in modern times have become possible and kept open for discourse, such as the approach between schools, collective ijtihad, ijtihad in the field of principles (ushûl) , and a review toward the qualification of mujtahid in modern times.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v16i1.2896
Refleksi Teori Kritis Jurgen Habermas atas Konsesus Simbolik Perda Syariah
Authors: Abrori Ahmad
Published: March 2016

This article aims to investigate how the critical theory of Jurgen Habermas can be used to better understand the Syariah Islamic law issues in the district of Garut. Habermas is arguably one of the most powerful thinkers in contemporary sociology, particularly because of his influential ideas regarding public sphere. He believes that the absolute power of the state by which it colonizes civic daily life should not automatically silence public voices. Modern capitalism creates huge opportunity of people to connect in public spheres such as markets, cafes, and restaurants. They do economic transaction at the same time they love to talk, discuss, and argue on current social, economics, and political issues. It leads to the society that might change the power of authority as well as the established culture, starting by questioning the public policy that might lead to the authority which has a legitimacy crisis. From this perspective, the implementation of Perda Syariah (Sharia local regulation) in Garut region is analyzed. This paper uncovers the conditions in which the law enforcement of the Perda has been challenged.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v16i1.2897
Peluang, Tantangan, dan Stategi Zakat dalam Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Umat
Authors: Zumrotun Siti
Published: March 2016

Basically, zakat in Islamic teaching is the one of effective and strategic ways to be developed in increasing prosperous of people. So, it can be very potential. The potency of zakat will be great and useful if the institution of zakat administrator can manage effectively and overcome all classic problems always faced by administrators. Managerial skill, accountability, integrity, and truth are the main capitals to manage zakat. Meanwhile, empowering, supervising, and teaching on the people who received zakat (mustahiq) are some important things that should be thought. Therefore, the institution of zakat management should get the way to change people perspective from receiver to giver (mustahiq to muzakki). The strategies are to accustom for paying zakat, to be creative and smart in collecting zakat, distribute zakat effectively, create high quality of human resources, and to be focus on the programs of developing zakat.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v16i1.2899
مشروعية استخدام المعدات الأمنيّة أثناء المظاهرات وفقاً لأحكام الشريعة الإسلامية
Authors: Alfellag Ibrahim Meftah , Md Noor Ruzman Bin
Published: March 2016

This paper deals with the review of the equipment used by security officers during demonstrations by explaining their concept and the two types of equipment namely lethal and non-lethal, and detailing their types which have been used currently. This paper also evaluates the legitimacy of their usages in accordance with the provisions of Islamic law and related Islamic Law views. This study has concluded that it is illegal to use these type of equipment except in specific cases and under certain conditions to avoid certain imminent danger.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v16i1.2904
Do People Leave Money on the Table? Evidence from Joint Mortgage Applications and the Minimum FICO Rule
Authors: Yao Vincent , Li Geng , Wu Weifeng
Published: March 2016

There is mounting evidence that households make suboptimal savings and investment decisions. this note presents novel evidence that many mortgage borrowers appear to have failed to apply for mortgages that give the lowest interest rates.
Importância das características morfológicas e agronômicas no estudo da biodiversidade genética em milho
Authors: Rotili E. A. , Afférri F. S. , Peluzio J. M. , Pimenta R. S. , Carvalho E. V.
Published: March 2016

O milho, um dos cereais mais utilizados no mundo para alimentação humana e animal, é fonte de renda para várias famílias, quer seja na agricultura familiar ou em grandes propriedades. O trabalho teve como objetivo reunir resultados de pesquisas publicadas em periódicos revelando a importância relativa de características morfológicas e agronômicas da diversidade genética em milho. Devido à importância econômica e social deste cereal, a identificação de genótipos produtivos, sob condições ótimas ou de estresses, oriundos de diferentes programas de melhoramento genético, pode trazer grandes benefícios, tais como o aumento da produção e redução de insumos que reflete, em última instância, em uma diminuição de custos de produção e impactos ambientais. Neste sentido, é necessário conhecer a importância relativa de características para estudos sobre a diversidade genética, que podem auxiliar na escolha de genótipos potencialmente promissosres para as diferentes condições de cultivo. Na estimativa da importância relativa, os atributos encontrados com maior frequência nos trabalhos estudados foram: produtividade de grãos, altura de espiga, altura de planta, comprimento de espiga, diâmetro de espiga e massa de grãos.

 

Importance of morphological and agronomic characteristics in the study of genetic biodiversity in maize

Abstract: Maize is one of the most commonly used cereal in the world, as in food or feed, and it is source of income for many families). The aim of this work was reunite the results of scientific articles about the relative importance of morphological and agronomic traits on maize genetic diversity. Due to the economic and social importance of this cereal, the identification of productive genotypes under stress conditions or not, from various breeding programs, can be promote benefits such as increased production, reduction of inputs and thus with decrease of production costs and environmental impacts. In this case, it is essential to know the relative importance of the traits for the study of genetic diversity, and this results can help in choosing genotypes for use in breeding programs in different conditions. In the estimate of relative importance, the traits with more frequency in the articles were: grain yield, ear and plant height, ear length and diameter and grain weight. 
Electromyographic evaluate of the response of masseter and temporalis muscles on the load as indicator of functional adaptation of dentition
Authors: Шатров И. , Shatrov I. , Жолудев С. , Zholudev S.
Published: March 2016

During the preparation of the patient to a partial or complete reconstruction of dentition it is necessary to evaluate both the initial functional state of neuromuscular system and the degree of changes achieved in the process of preparation of the patient prior to the functional restoration. EMG examination of muscle with maximal effort is an informative measure which allows the dentist to estimate the patient´s level of functional adaptation.
Problems of organzing and improving the quality of dental care (Based on the materials of social interview of dentists)
Authors: Большов И. , Bolshov I.
Published: March 2016

The article presents a subjective assessment of factors affecting the quality of dental care. The survey was conducted among the medical workers of stomatological profile from the different forms of ownership agencies with specially developed questionnaire containing 52 questions, combined in 6 units. Particular emphasis is placed on the medical opinion on the effectiveness, accessibility, compliance of provided dental services to modern conditions and standards. The results lead to the conclusion that with the available state of the material and technical base and technical equipment, by the means of qualified specialists corresponding to modern requirements, as well as meeting the requirements of the standards, it is possible to provide qualified and efficient dental care.
Changing the crystallographic state of oral liquid and solubility of tooth enamel people using the computer (the influence of electromagnetic radiation)
Authors: Васильева Н. , Vasilieva N. , Питаева А. , Pitaeva A. , Ломиашвили Л. , Lomiashvili L. , Седельников В. , Sedelnikov V.
Published: March 2016

The paper presents the results of clinical and laboratory dental examination 29 patients. The negative impact of electromagnetic radiation from the personal computer to the crystalline structure of the oral fluid, the solubility of the solid tissues of the teeth and dental status of the operators was detected.
The clinical study of efficiency of topical treatment of patients with oral lichen planus
Authors: Григорьев С. , Grigoriev S. , Жовтяк П. , Zhovtyak P.
Published: March 2016

To improve the efficiency of complex treatment of patients with oral lichen planus for a new topical new pharmacological agent with silicon, and chitosan. According to the results in randomly single-center clinical study, it found that the new domestic new pharmacological agent with silicon, and chitosan effective in treatment of erosive-ulcerous form oral lichen planus. A comparative analysis of the data demonstrated that the use of pharmacological agent with silicon, and chitosan allows 2.7 increase in the rate of epithelialization of pathological cells of the mucous membranes of the mouth, and by 32.6% to stop the painful symptoms faster than using a traditional complex treatment of erosive ulcerous forms of lichen planus.
The experience of applying the fixing cream improve stabilize dentures in patients with complete loss of teeth after resection of the half of the upper jaw
Authors: Карасева В. , Karaseva V.
Published: March 2016

Despite the obvious technological advances in dentistry, adaptation problems to removable dentures is still not resolved, especially with complete loss of teeth. The purpose of prosthetics in this pathology is to restore lost functions of the teeth-jaw system that is sometimes very problematic due to the complexity of the relief of the prosthetic bed and the lack of optimal conditions for the fixation of dentures.

For example, clinical cases of patients with difficult-jaw pathology the features of the manufacture of removable prostheses in the upper jaw and the ways of solving the problems of adaptation, including the use of fixing creams. The estimation results provedennogo orthopedic treatment.
Comprehensive team approach to prevention and treatment of temporal mandibular joint (TMJ) malfunction
Authors: Петрикас И. , Petrikas I. , Жирков А. , Zhirkov A. , Краснов А. , Krasnov A.
Published: March 2016

The aim of the study was to justify the reasons for the comprehensive team approach to prevention and treatment of TMJ malfunction in students of Tver State Medical Academy. The study group comprised 83 students aged 20 – 29 years.

Methods: To detect the occurrence of symptoms of temporal mandibular joint (TMJ) malfunction a survey was carried out using the Hamburg test of the abbreviated survey of TMJ malfunction. The students were divided into three groups:

1 group — Healthy or The control group;

2 group — The risk group with TMJ malfunction probability;

3 group –The group with TMJ malfunction symptoms.

The psychodiagnostic method was used to advocate the assumption that TMJ malfunction is a psychosomatic disorder, namely:

1. Modesley test for self-appraisal of anxiety, rigidity and extraversion;

2. The coping strategy (CS) test (analog of Lazarus method) for the coping behavior in stress situations;

3. Beck Scale test for depressive symptomatology;

4. UNA test for neurotic asthenia level.

Results:

1) A significant amount of young people (45 % of being surveyed) has TMJ malfunction.

2) The risk group with TMJ malfunction probability makes 33 % of being surveyed.

3) There is no difference of sexual character with young people having TMJ malfunction aged 20 – 29 years.

4) The risk factors of TMJ malfunction in young people are: neurotic asthenia, symptoms of depression and unconstructive emotionally focused coping strategies used to control problem situations.

Conclusion: The psychodiagnostic data obtained in this study support the conclusion that there is a risk of development of TMJ malfunction as a psychosomatic disorder and highlight the need for further studies of psychological methods in prevention and treatment of this pathology.
Multilevel Governance and Sustainable Development: the Case of Biodiversity in the Amazon Rainforest
Authors: Veiga João Paulo Cândia , Makishi Fausto , Zacareli Murilo Alves , Terada Thiago Augusto Hiromitsu
Published: March 2016

This article is aimed at summarizing the results of the fieldwork research conducted by a group of researchers from the University of São Paulo within local communities in the municipalities of Salvaterra, Bragança and Breves, which are located in the state of Pará in the Northern part of Brazil. The object of analysis is the production chain of oleaginous seeds obtained through the extraction activity that are used as inputs in the processing food and cosmetics industries.This article seeks to answer the following questions: what role do non-state actors play in sustainable development and biodiversity regulation at the local level?Which are the social and environmental impacts? In order to answer it, this research focuses on the impact of the extractive activity on income generation, local development and local environmental externalities caused by market incentives. The main hypothesis is that it is possible to go beyond the trade-off between welfare gains and the preservation of the environment, and thus contribute to the rational use of Common-Pool Resources (CPRs).The motivation of this article is intimately related to the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 15 and the sustainable use of biodiversity. It is argued that the whole process is subjected to a multilevel context in which actors and arenas interact with each other through ‘authoritative mechanisms’. Both quantitative and qualitative data have been collected through surveys conducted among local families.