bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Images of death and dying in ISIS media: A comparison of English and Arabic print publications
Authors: Winkler Carol , ElDamanhoury Kareem , Dicker Aaron , Lemieux Anthony F
Published: January 2018

Images of death and dying in the media around the globe have a symbiotic relationship with nation states as they can bolster state control by defining who has the right to take lives in the interests of the community, by identifying enemies of the state, by demonstrating dominance over enemies, and by lending a moral posture to the state’s war efforts. Previously, the growing corpus of research on media’s display of death and about to die images has focused almost exclusively on media outlets that bolster established states on the global stage. By analyzing 1965 death and about to die images displayed in Dabiq, ISIS’s English-language magazine, and al-Naba’, the same group’s Arabic-language newspaper, this study adds an understanding of the messaging strategies deployed by groups striving to challenge, rather than reinforce, existing national boundaries. The findings suggest that while ISIS adopts some standard media practices, it also utilizes unique and audience targeted approaches regarding the frequency of image use, the identify of the corpses, the display of dead bodies, and the presentation of those responsible for the pictured dead bodies in its media campaign.
Inflammatory bowel disease: towards a personalized medicine
Authors: Flamant Mathurin , Roblin Xavier
Published: January 2018

The management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been transformed over the last two decades by the arrival of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonist agents. Recently, alternative drugs have been approved, directed at leukocyte-trafficking molecules (vedolizumab) or other inflammatory cytokines (ustekinumab). New therapeutics are currently being developed in IBD and represent promising targets as they involve other mechanisms of action (JAK molecules, Smad 7 antisense oligonucleotide etc.). Beyond TNF antagonist agents, these alternative drugs are needed for early-stage treatment of patients with aggressive IBD or when the disease is resistant to conventional therapy. Personalized medicine involves the determination of patients with a high risk of progression and complications, and better characterization of patients who may respond preferentially to specific therapies. Indeed, more and more studies aim to identify factors predictive of drug response (corresponding to a specific signaling pathway) that could better manage treatment for patients with IBD. Once treatment has started, disease monitoring is essential and remote patient care could in some circumstances be an attractive option. Telemedicine improves medical adherence and quality of life, and has a positive impact on health outcomes of patients with IBD. This review discusses the current application of personalized medicine to the management of patients with IBD and the advantages and limits of telemedicine in IBD.
Can technology increase adenoma detection rate?
Authors: Ngu Wee Sing , Rees Colin
Published: January 2018

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide and the second most common cause of cancer-related death in Europe and North America. Colonoscopy is the gold standard investigation for the colon but is not perfect, and small or flat adenomas can be missed which increases the risk of patients subsequently developing colorectal cancer. Adenoma detection rate is the most widely used marker of quality, and low rates are associated with increased rates of post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer. Standards of colonoscopy and adenoma detection vary widely between different endoscopists. Interventions to improve adenoma detection rate are therefore required. Many devices have been purported to increase adenoma detection rate. This review looks at current available evidence for device technology to improve adenoma detection rate during colonoscopy.
Blood Glucose Monitoring Data Should Be Reported in Detail When Studies About Efficacy of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems Are Published
Authors: Pleus Stefan , Heinemann Lutz , Freckmann Guido
Published: January 2018

Recently, two clinical trials about a “sensor-based flash glucose monitoring system” and its efficacy in reducing time in hypoglycemia were published. Interestingly, patients spent more time at low glucose concentrations in these studies than in other studies related to the efficacy of real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM). Although it is possible that the study populations differed from those in other studies, another potential explanation is that the CGM system used in these two studies had a negative glucose measurement bias. Such a negative bias was reported in recent literature, suggesting that the CGM system may inaccurately indicate hypoglycemia. Reporting blood glucose monitoring data would help to interpret the CGM data at least in the context of time spent in various glucose ranges as a parameter with which quality of diabetes therapy is measured.
The Internet explosion, digital media principles and implications to communicate effectively in the digital space
Authors: Reyna Jorge , Hanham Jose , Meier Peter
Published: January 2018

Being literate has traditionally meant being able to read and write using the media of the day. In the 21st century, being literate requires additional skills such as competence with digital media creation. Until recently, those who could afford and use equipment and applications to produce digital media content were typically developers and technicians. With the development of prosumer electronics, in conjunction with the use of mobile devices and tablets, a shift has occurred in the accessibility of these tools, becoming more affordable for the general population. Video sharing services, social software and Web 2.0 applications have made it possible to host a digital media ecosystem on the Internet, and this has led to the proliferation of User-Generated Content. These technological advances have changed how we communicate, socialise and learn. Effective communication using digital media is underpinned by a set of design principles which most students are not likely to be aware. This paper built on two previous papers on the Digital Media Literacy Framework and the Taxonomy of Digital Media types for teaching and learning. It argues the importance of digital media principles to develop effective communication in the digital space. Students now require knowledge of these principles, in conjunction with conceptual and functional skills, for effective communication in the digital space.
The rise of the railroad in Virginia: A historical analysis of the emergence of corporate public relations in the United States
Authors: Logan Nneka
Published: January 2018

This article explores the origins of corporate public relations by examining the untold story of railroad development and expansion in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Understanding the circumstances surrounding Virginia’s pioneer railroads, which emerged at a tumultuous time within a state deeply divided over the related issues of the railroad and slavery, can enrich our comprehension of public relations history in corporate contexts. Fully functioning society theory (FFST) is used as a theoretical framework to guide the historical analysis of the rise of the railroad in Virginia in the 19th and 20th centuries. The article expands FFST’s application to historical inquiry and productively directs attention to the varied and complex nature of the emergence of corporate public relations without venerating or denigrating the field’s origins.
Delineating CSR and social change: Querying corporations as actors for social good
Authors: Gaither Barbara Miller , Austin Lucinda , Schulz MaryClaire
Published: January 2018

This article seeks to delineate the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and social change and asks the important question of whether and how corporations may serve as agents of social change. Dimensions of the business–society relationship are explored to further distinguish CSR from other types of corporate social initiatives and critically examine what types of corporate social initiatives can effectively and ethically serve as vehicles for social change. Based on this exploration, the article advances a descriptive model of business–society relationships and their capacity for creating and promoting social change. A case evaluation of Coca-Cola’s ‘3Ws’ social initiatives – related to well-being, water, and women’s empowerment – is then used to highlight and contextualize the model.
The role of play in strategic communication
Authors: Hoffjann Olaf
Published: January 2018

This article focuses on the issue of how players in strategic communication situations deal with apparently hopeless situations. The theory is that players in such situations sometimes engage in strategic communication play. Essentially, what strategic communication plays do, is help to continue communication. This article develops a theoretical concept of strategic communication. It is shown that strategic communication plays are found both in direct interpersonal communication and in communication via the mass media. Pursuant to the communication sociological approach, the theoretical basis is a differentiated and paradoxical definition of play, following Bateson, embedded in Goffman’s frame analysis. On this basis, two functions of strategic communication play are identified. These are as follows: on the one hand, expanding the sphere of possibilities and, on the other, by means of self-reference, the likelihood of increasing attributions of likability and trustworthiness.
Help for Heroes: From organizational discourse to a new orthodoxy
Authors: Thompson Gareth
Published: January 2018

This article offers an account of the institutional entrepreneurship behind the formation of the UK charity for military veterans, Help for Heroes, along with an analysis of the symbols, narratives and rhetoric that made up its organizational discourse. Tracing the development of the charity since its launch in 2007, the inquiry considers the means of transmission used by Help for Heroes to diffuse its organizational discourse, arguing that a dualistic promotional approach across elite and mass media – narrative through a network of support from mass media outlets as well as individual actors, such as members of the Royal Family, politicians and celebrities – helped to propagate a new national orthodoxy of veterans as heroes. The conclusion is that 10 years after its foundation, Help for Heroes’ discursive legacy has reinvigorated the veteran charity sector in a way not seen since the end of World War I and established a wide and deep level of support among civic society for veterans as a social cause, regardless of the level of support for the underlying military operations.
An intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia of the hand radiologically mimicking a hemangiopericytoma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Pesce Vito , Bizzoca Davide , Notarnicola Angela , Piazzolla Andrea , Vicenti Giovanni , Cimmino Antonietta , Fortarezza Francesco , Maccagnano Giuseppe , Solarino Giuseppe , Moretti Biagio
Published: January 2018

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia is a rare benign vascular lesion of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, characterized by a reactive proliferation of endothelial cells that can present de novo in normal blood vessels (primary intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia), but it can also develop from a pre-existing vascular process (type II intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia), or it can arise in an extravascular location from a post-traumatic haematoma. The differential diagnosis between intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia and malignant vascular tumours can be challenging, due to the lacking of a specific radiologic description. We present a case of intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia of the hand radiologically mimicking a hemangiopericytoma.
Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome that was initially diagnosed as immune thrombocytopenic purpura secondary to a cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Kaneko Ryota , Yamamoto Shohei , Okamoto Naoko , Akiyama Kosuke , Matsuno Ryosuke , Toyama Daisuke , Hoshino Akihiro , Imai Kohsuke , Isoyama Keiichi
Published: January 2018

Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome is a rare X-linked recessive disease resulting from variations in the WAS gene. Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome is sometimes difficult to differentiate from immune thrombocytopenic purpura. A 2-month-old boy was admitted to our hospital for purpura and thrombocytopenia. His mean platelet volume was reported to be normal. Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins failed to improve the patient’s platelet count. Subsequently, an acute cytomegalovirus infection was confirmed by serological testing and antigenemia. The patient was diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenic purpura secondary to a cytomegalovirus infection. However, based on the patient’s clinical course and the refractoriness of his condition, Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome was strongly suspected. Through direct sequencing of the genomic DNA of the Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) gene, we identified a novel missense mutation in exon 3 of the patient’s WASP gene (c. 343 C>T, p. H115T), and the patient was diagnosed with Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome at 3 months after onset. Children with Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome are often initially diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenic purpura, which can lead to inappropriate treatment and delays to life-saving definitive therapy. Our findings imply that Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura combined with a cytomegalovirus infection.
Social group disparities in the incidence and prognosis of oesophageal cancer
Authors: Xie Shao-Hua , Lagergren Jesper
Published: January 2018

There are substantial disparities in the incidence and prognosis of oesophageal cancer across social population groups, including sex, race/ethnicity, geographical location and socio-economic status. Both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus are more common in men than in women, but the male predominance in adenocarcinoma is stronger and less well understood. The varying incidence and prognosis of oesophageal cancer across racial/ethnic groups show distinct patterns by histological type. Individuals residing in rural areas have a higher incidence and worse prognosis than those in urban areas in developing regions. Lower socio-economic status is associated with an increased incidence and reduced survival in oesophageal cancer. Sustained research identifying novel preventive and therapeutic strategies are needed to reduce the risk of oesophageal cancer and improve the prognosis in all social groups.
Exploitation of mortality salience in communication on climate change
Authors: Akil Hussein , Robert-Demontrond Philippe , Bouillé Julien
Published: January 2018

This research focuses on the effectiveness of anxiety-inducing communication for mobilizing consumers against climate change. Based on terror management theory (TMT), we show that this register can be counterproductive in generating consumer choices that run counter to pro-environmental logics. In particular, we report the results of an experiment ( N = 132) testing the influence of the type of communication (anxiogenic vs informative) on consumer choices (pro-materialistic vs pro-environmental). The results reveal that people’s consumption choices depend on their cultural worldviews (i.e. materialistic vs environmentalist) and the type of communication used. The effectiveness of communication strategies on climate change is then discussed in terms of people’s cultural worldview.
Preseason Adductor Squeeze Strength in 303 Spanish Male Soccer Athletes: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Esteve Ernest , Rathleff Michael Skovdal , Vicens-Bordas Jordi , Clausen Mikkel Bek , Hölmich Per , Sala Lluís , Thorborg Kristian
Published: January 2018

Background:

Hip adductor muscle weakness and a history of groin injury both have been identified as strong risk factors for sustaining a new groin injury. Current groin pain and age have been associated with hip adductor strength. These factors could be related, but this has never been investigated.

Purpose:

To investigate whether soccer athletes with past-season groin pain and with different durations of past-season groin pain had lower preseason hip adductor squeeze strength compared with those without past-season groin pain. We also investigated whether differences in preseason hip adductor squeeze strength in relation to past-season groin pain and duration were influenced by current groin pain and age.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

In total, 303 male soccer athletes (mean age, 23 ± 4 years; mean weight, 74.0 ± 7.9 kg; mean height, 178.1 ± 6.3 cm) were included in this study. Self-reported data regarding current groin pain, past-season groin pain, and duration were collected. Hip adductor squeeze strength was obtained using 2 different reliable testing procedures: (1) the short-lever (resistance placed between the knees, feet at the examination bed, and 45° of hip flexion) and (2) the long-lever (resistance placed between the ankles and 0° of hip flexion) squeeze tests.

Results:

There was no difference between those with (n = 123) and without (n = 180) past-season groin pain for hip adductor squeeze strength when adjusting for current groin pain and age. However, athletes with past-season groin pain lasting longer than 6 weeks (n = 27) showed 11.5% and 15.3% lower values on the short-lever ( P = .006) and long-lever ( P < .001) hip adductor squeeze strength tests, respectively, compared with those without past-season groin pain.

Conclusion:

Male soccer athletes with past-season groin pain lasting longer than 6 weeks are likely to begin the next season with a high-risk groin injury profile, including a history of groin pain and hip adduction weakness.
Repetitive Questioning Exasperates Caregivers
Authors: Hamdy R. C. , Lewis J. V. , Copeland R. , Depelteau A. , Kinser A. , Kendall-Wilson T. , Whalen K.
Published: January 2018

Repetitive questioning is due to an impaired episodic memory and is a frequent, often presenting, problem in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (amnestic type). It is due to the patients’ difficulties learning new information, retaining it, and recalling it, and is often aggravated by a poor attention span and easy distractibility. A number of factors may trigger and maintain repetitive questioning. Caregivers should try to identify and address these triggers. In the case discussion presented, it is due to the patient’s concerns about her and her family’s safety triggered by watching a particularly violent movie aired on TV. What went wrong in the patient/caregiver interaction and how it could have been avoided or averted are explored. Also reviewed are the impact of repetitive questioning, the challenges it raises for caregivers, and some effective intervention strategies that may be useful to diffuse the angst that caregivers experience with repetitive questioning.
Vitamin D Deficiency Associated With Markers of Cardiovascular Disease in Children With Obesity
Authors: Censani Marisa , Hammad Hoda T. , Christos Paul J. , Schumaker Tiffany
Published: January 2018

Adult studies have reported associations of low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) with dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease; however, there are scarce pediatric data regarding relationships between vitamin D status and specific lipid markers affecting cardiovascular risk. In this cross-sectional study of children evaluated at university-based pediatric endocrinology clinics, 178 patients meeting criteria for overweight or obesity had 25OHD levels assessed over a 2-year period; 60 of 178 had non-HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol and fasting lipid parameters performed. Patients with 25OHD <20 ng/mL had significantly higher non-HDL cholesterol (134.76 ± 47.32 vs 108.85 ± 31.14, P < .03), triglyceride (TG)/HDL ratio (3.09 ± 2.26 vs 1.82 ± 1.18, P = .03), total cholesterol (TC)/HDL ratio (4.23 ± 1.23 vs 3.40 ± 1.05, P < .01), TC (184.15 ± 40.19 vs 158.89 ± 30.10, P < .01), and TG (134.76 ± 47.32 vs 78.93 ± 37.46, P < .03) compared with 25OHD ≥20 ng/mL. Vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with increase in atherogenic lipids and markers of early cardiovascular disease. These findings suggest that vitamin D deficiency may have negative effects on lipid parameters with increase in cardiovascular risk.
School-Based Caries Prevention, Tooth Decay, and the Community Environment
Authors: Ruff R.R. , Niederman R.
Published: January 2018

The school and community context can contribute to inequity in child oral health. Whether the school and community affect the effectiveness of school-based caries prevention is unknown. The association between the school and community environment and dental caries, as well as their moderating effects with school-based caries prevention, was assessed using multilevel mixed-effects regression. Data were derived from a 6-y prospective cohort study of children participating in a school-based caries prevention program. For the school and community, living in a dental-shortage area and the proportion of children receiving free or reduced lunch were significantly related to an increased risk of dental caries at baseline. Caries prevention was associated with a significant per-visit decrease in the risk of untreated caries, but the rate of total caries experience increased over time. Caries prevention was more effective in children who had prior dental care at baseline and in schools with a higher proportion of low socioeconomic status students. There was significant variation across schools in the baseline prevalence of dental caries and the effect of prevention over time, although effects were modest. The school and community environment have a direct impact on oral health and moderate the association between school-based caries prevention and dental caries.

Knowledge Transfer Statement: School-based caries prevention can be an effective means to reduce oral health inequity by embedding dental care within schools. However, the socioeconomic makeup of schools and characteristics of the surrounding community can affect the impact of school-based care.
The Mediating Effect of Organizational Climate on the Relationship between Leadership Styles and Their Components on Innovative Behaviour
Authors: Sethibe Tebogo , Steyn Renier
Published: January 2018

This study investigated the mediating effect of organizational climate on the relationship between transformational and transactional leadership styles on innovative behaviour. 1 1 15th International Entrepreneurship Forum (15th IEF) Conference Conference Theme The Globalisation and Internationalisation of SMEs AND New Ventures: Travels with Eclectic Charlie, Digital Mary, Networked Nadia and Impactful Shona. Venice, Italy 14–16 December 2016. The effect of each component of transformational and transactional leadership styles on innovative behaviour was also investigated. A sample of 3,180 respondents from 52 South African companies participated in this research. Four main hypotheses and six sub-hypotheses were tested using multiple regression analysis. The results revealed that indeed organizational climate mediates the relationship between transformational and transactional leadership styles on innovative behaviour as well as their components. The study substantiated the expected positive relationship between transformational leadership style and innovative behaviour. Furthermore, the results showed that among the components of transformational leadership styles, inspirational motivation and intellectual stimulation influence innovative behaviour positively. This study showed that in an environment conducive to innovation, the transactional leadership style has no influence in enhancing employees’ innovative behaviour. This study provided new insight into the nature of the relationship between leadership styles, organizational climates and innovative behaviour.
Predictors of the age of autism spectrum disorder diagnosis: A North Carolina Cohort
Authors: Perryman Twyla , Watson Linda R , Chumney Frances
Published: January 2018

Background and aims

This study investigated timing of diagnosis for African American (n = 50) and European American (n = 118) children with autism spectrum disorder in a North Carolina sample.

Methods

Using survey methods, a total of 168 North Carolina families were recruited.

Results

The two racially diverse groups did not differ significantly in the age at diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (African American: M = 49.72, SD = 25.83; European American: M = 43.78, SD = 20.16; t(75) = 1.45, p = .15, 95% CI [−14.10, 2.22], d = .27; BF10 = .582). Exploratory analyses revealed that within the African American sample, the age of diagnosis was positively correlated with parental ratings of Social Motivation from the Social Responsiveness Scale ( r = .30, p < 0.05). This correlation was non-significant and close to zero ( r = −0.03, p > 0.05) for the European American sample. Additionally, children who received another initial diagnostic label had a later age of diagnosis for autism spectrum disorder. This finding had a larger effect size in the African-American group.

Conclusions

The differential findings for the two groups may reflect variable interpretations of autism spectrum disorder symptoms, or a greater impact of later diagnosis on symptom severity in certain populations.

Implications

Our findings reflect the need for continued exploration of symptom interpretation among various racial/ethnic groups.
From Hunger Deaths to Healthy Living: A Case Study of Dalits in Varanasi District, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Kaushik Archana
Published: January 2018

Caste system, still widely prevalent in various spheres of Indian social life, perpetuates social, economic and educational deprivation amongst Dalits, leading to their marginalization and social exclusion. The article is based on an intervention to address caste-based discrimination that was resulting in abject poverty, malnutrition and hunger deaths among Dalits in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. Health care staff such as ANMs and Anganwadi workers practice untouchability by not touching Dalits and consequently they could not access health care services and other general civic and pro-poor schemes and programmes.

Adhering to Freire’s conscientization model People’s Vigilance Committee on Human Rights (PVCHR), a Civil Society Organization (CSO), carried out interventions by mobilizing Dalits, using media and administrative advocacy, collaborating with national and international human rights organizations, and creating pressure on the government to respond. With consistent collaborative efforts and social action, rural Dalits could ensure healthy living as their access to food security services improved. The success story presented in the article provides insight to learn and theorize working models of Dalit empowerment and checking caste-based discrimination.
Characterization of carbon nanofiber (CNF)/polymer composite coated on cotton fabrics prepared with various circuit patterns
Authors: Kim Hyelim , Lee Sunhee
Published: January 2018

Fabric heating elements with carbon nanofiber (CNF)/Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) composite coated cotton fabrics were prepared with various circuit patterns with the aim of providing more flexible and uniform heating performance compared to conventional fabric heating elements. To investigate the properties of the fabric heating element according to the pattern condition, patterns consisting of 3, 5, and 7 horizontal lines, i.e., P3, P5 and P7, were respectively used; and subsequently, vertical lines were added to the horizontal lines, i.e., 2P3, 2P5 and 2P7, respectively. P0 was used as the referencesample. P0 showed a surface resistance of 1.2 × 103 Ω/sq at a current of 0.85 A and an electric heating temperature of 76.9 °C. P3 and 2P3 showed better electrical and electric heating properties than other samples, showing surface resistance values of 1.0 × 103 and 1.2 × 103 Ω/sq at the current values of 0.20 and 0.25 A, and surface temperatures of 71.8 and 75.7 °C, respectively. Although the currents applied to P3 and 2P3 were lower than that applied to P0, the electrical heating properties were modified to be similar. In terms of mechanical properties and water repellency, it was shown that the coated fabrics had higher values compared to the uncoated fabric. It was thus suggested that a small amount of CNF/PVDF-HFP composite can be used to manufacture an electric heating element with excellent performance.
Diversion from custody: An update
Authors: Birmingham Luke , Awonogun Olusola , Ryland Howard
Published: January 2018

Liaison and diversion services are concerned with ensuring that individuals with mental health problems and related vulnerabilities who come into contact with the criminal justice system receive appropriate support and treatment. In the past 15 years there have been significant changes in policy, legislation and the broader landscape in community, custodial and hospital settings which have shaped these services. The Bradley Report, published in 2009, represents an important landmark in this field. Bradley made 82 recommendations, from interventions to improve identification of mental illness and vulnerable individuals at risk of offending to effecting speedier transfers of mentally disordered prisoners to hospital. Some progress has been made in achieving these recommendations, and further investment is promised, but at present only half of England is covered by liaison and diversion services.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

•

Appreciate how services have developed over the past 15 years to provide support and treatment and divert mentally disordered people from custody at all stages in the criminal justice process

•

Recognise how government policy has shaped the development of liaison and diversion services over the past 15 years

•

Understand the impact of the 2007 amendments to the Mental Health Act on the diversion of mentally disordered people from custody
Bullying victimisation and psychosis: The interdependence and independence of risk trajectories
Authors: Catone Gennaro , Marwaha Steven , Lennox Belinda , Broome Matthew R.
Published: January 2018

A number of studies have noted an association between being the victim of bullying and psychotic symptoms. We offer an overview of the topic, focusing especially on a developmental perspective. We highlight the results of the latest studies on psychosis across the continuum and its relationship with bullying. Then we summarise the three main explanatory models investigated: developmental, biological and cognitive. We recommend that bullying in psychosis requires careful study of the developmental trajectories involved, and that research should now focus on how personal, social and biological factors interact.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

•

Consider a spectrum of psychosis rather than a dichotomous concept of the disease (present/absent)

•

Understand that, by preventing bullying, it may also be possible to prevent the development of psychotic symptoms

•

Reflect that psychotherapy helps to integrate past stressful experiences with current symptoms, providing an alternative interpretation of them
«Ανατροφοδότηση εργασιών σε προγράμματα εκπαίδευσης από απόσταση». Απόψεις φοιτητών ελληνικών εκπαιδευτικών ιδρυμάτων.
Authors: Λιγνός Ιωάννης , Μπαρκονίκου Ευθυμία
Published: January 2018

Όπως αναφέρουν οι Getzlaf, Perry, Toffner, Lamarche, & Edwards (2009), η ποιοτική ανατροφοδότηση είναι εξαιρετικά σημαντική για τους φοιτητές προγραμμάτων εξ’ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευσης, αφού δίνει κατευθυντήριες σε σχέση με την προσπάθεια βελτίωσής τους. Αντιλαμβανόμενοι τη σπουδαιότητα της παροχής ποιοτικής  ανατροφοδότησης κατά τη διάρκεια εκπόνησης εργασιών σε περιβάλλον εκπαίδευσης από απόσταση, κρίναμε σκόπιμο να διερευνηθούν οι τύποι, οι μορφές, το περιεχόμενο και οι πρακτικές απόδοσης ανατροφοδότησης ελληνικών προγραμμάτων εκπαίδευσης από απόσταση, οι οποίες βοηθούν την μαθησιακή αυτενέργεια των φοιτητών με σκοπό να καταλήξουμε σε κατευθύνσεις, οι οποίες θα βοηθήσουν τους εκπαιδευτές- εκπαιδευτικούς στο έργο τους. Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης είναι να διερευνηθεί η σχέση ανάμεσα στην απόδοση ποιοτικής ανατροφοδότησης γραπτών εργασιών και την επίδοση των φοιτητών, που τη δέχονται, σε περιβάλλον εκπαίδευσης από απόσταση στην ελληνική πραγματικότητα, εξετάζοντας παράλληλα ποιες θεωρούνται πιο αποτελεσματικές μορφές ανατροφοδότησης από τους φοιτητές. Επιπλέον, διερευνείται η επίδραση της επικοινωνίας των φοιτητών και καθηγητών σε σχέση με την αποτελεσματικότητα της ανατροφοδότησης, καθώς και πιθανές αλλαγές, που μπορεί να προκύψουν κατά τη διάρκεια της φοίτησης. Τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας επικυρώνουν τα διαλαμβανόμενα στη βιβλιογραφία της τελευταίας δεκαετίας και τονίζουν τη σημασία της απόδοσης ποιοτικής ανατροφοδότησης διαφόρων μορφών καθώς επίσης επισημαίνουν και την ανάγκη διατήρησης καλής σχέσης μεταξύ των εκπαιδευτών/ καθηγητών και των φοιτητών.
Application of the Theory of Fuzzy Sets to Organize the Supply of Petroleum Products
Authors: Снохин Э. , Snohin E.
Published: January 2018

In the article the author considers the issues connected with the sale of petroleum products using elements of the theory of fuzzy sets for the enterprises of the fuel and energy complex of Russia in modern conditions.
The use of telemetry in labour: Results of a national online survey of UK maternity units
Authors: Watson Kylie , Mills Tracey A , Lavender Dame Tina
Published: January 2018

Background

Guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommend that telemetry is offered to any woman who needs continuous cardiotocography in labour.

Methods

An online survey of 168 maternity units in the UK was undertaken between November 2013 and February 2014 to determine how many units in the UK offered telemetry to women in labour and in what circumstances it was used.

Findings

The response rate was 62% (n=104). Some 63% (n=65) of responding units had at least one cardiotocography machine that could monitor the fetal heart via telemetry. Telemetry was used most often for women who had experienced a previous caesarean section and respondents felt that mobility and satisfaction with labour experience were most likely to be positively influenced by telemetry.

Conclusion

The survey gives an indication of how often and for whom telemetry is being used in the UK and describes the benefits that maternity units see for women using telemetry, such as increased choice and control.
Proteoglycans as Immunomodulators of the Innate Immune Response to Lung Infection
Authors: Kang Inkyung , Chang Mary Y. , Wight Thomas N. , Frevert Charles W.
Published: January 2018

Proteoglycans (PGs) are complex, multifaceted molecules that participate in diverse interactions vital for physiological and pathological processes. As structural components, they provide a scaffold for cells and structural organization that helps define tissue architecture. Through interactions with water, PGs enable molecular and cellular movement through tissues. Through selective ionic interactions with growth factors, chemokines, cytokines, and proteases, PGs facilitate the ability of these soluble ligands to regulate intracellular signaling events and to influence the inflammatory response. In addition, recent findings now demonstrate that PGs can activate danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and other signaling pathways to influence production of many of these soluble ligands, indicating a more direct role for PGs in influencing the immune response and tissue inflammation. This review will focus on PGs that are selectively expressed during lung inflammation and will examine the novel emerging concept of PGs as immunomodulatory regulators of the innate immune responses in lungs.
The relationship between infant iron status and risk of neurological impairment
Authors: Buntat Buntat , Masloman Nurhayati , Rompis Johnny
Published: January 2018

Background Iron deficiency (ID) is a commonly found nutritional disorder and a persistent problem, especially in Indonesia. Iron deficiency during the critical period in childhood brain development is estimated to cause irreversible damage that hinders infant development.Objective To determine the relationship between infant iron status and neurological development.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study at the Growth and Development Outpatient Clinic, Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, from March to May 2015. By consecutive sampling, we obtained 44 healthy infants aged 7 to 10 months who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Infants with a history of perinatal complications, such as head trauma, hypoglycemia, respiratory distress syndrome, infection, or malaria were excluded Subjects’ serum hemoglobin and ferritin were examined for iron status. Infants’ risk of neurological impairment was assessed by the Bayley Infant Neurodevelopmental Screener (BINS). Results were analyzed by descriptive analysis for the characteristics and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient analysis for the relationship between iron status and neurological development.Results From 14 infants with ID, 8 infants had a high risk of developmental impairment. Of the 30 non-ID subjects, 4 infants had a high risk of developmental impairment. Of the 30 non-ID infants, 16 infants had a low risk of impaired development, while 2 infants with ID had low risk of developmental impairment. Spearman’s rho revealed that infant iron deficiency was significantly associated with high risk of neurological impairment. (r=-0.547; P<0.0001).Conclusion Lower serum ferritin levels (iron deficiency) is significantly associated with greater risk of impaired neurological development in infants aged 7-10 months.
Initial clinical and laboratory profiles to predict pediatric dengue infection severity
Authors: Yolanda Natharina , Alfan Harris
Published: January 2018

Background. In dengue infection, it is difficult to differentiate mild and severe dengue prior to its critical phase. Ability to identify risk factors for severe dengue form patients’ initial presentation would help decrease the need of hospitalization, increase physicians’ awareness, and improve outcome.Objective. To predict pediatric dengue infection severity based on initial patient characteristics, routine clinical and laboratory profiles. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study based on medical records of children with dengue infection in Atma Jaya Hospital, Jakarta. Inclusion criteria were children aged 1 – 18 years old with proven dengue infection, hospitalized in Atma Jaya Hospital during January – December 2016. Clinical profiles and laboratory parameters at the time of patient presentation were extracted and analyzed in relationship with dengue severity. Result. Data collected was 110 patients with mean age 9.5 years old. Initial clinical profiles that significantly related to severe dengue were: age ≤5 years old (OR = 0.113, p = 0.001), hepatomegaly (OR = 2.643, p = 0.035), pleural effusion (OR = 9.545, p = 0.000), platelet ≤125,000/uL (OR = 0.201, p = 0.025), hyponatremia (OR = 10.139, p = 0.000) and AST >135 u/L (OR = 5.112, p = 0.014). Gender, duration of fever, additional symptoms, spontaneous bleeding, blood pressure, pulse pressure, hematocrit, leucocyte, random blood glucose, calcium, and ALT were not related significantly to dengue severity.Conclusion. Physician should be cautious in pediatric dengue patients presented in age younger than 5 years old, with hepatomegaly and/or pleural effusion, platelet below 125,000/uL, hyponatremia, and AST more than three times upper normal limit. These patients have higher risk of severe dengue than patients without those findings.
Side effect of deferiprone as iron chelator in patient with thalassemia
Authors: Yosia Mikhael , Wahidiyat Pustika Amalia
Published: January 2018

Background There are currently three available iron chelators: deferoxamine (DFO), deferasirox (DFX) and deferiprone (DFP). In Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Indonesia, in general, the accessibility of DFP for thalassemia patients has been adequate. Even though its efficacy in removing iron has been proven by countless studies, questions relating to its safety and possible side effects continue to be raised.Objective To assess common side effects of DFP usage by an intensive literature search and compare them to that in a pediatric thalassemia patient, in order to determine if the child’s symptoms in the were potentially caused by DFP.Methods A literature search using MeSH terms was done in PubMed. Full copies of articles that fulfil the inclusion criteria, based on their title, abstract, and subject descriptors, were critically appraised using The Joanna Brigs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools.Results A total of 10 research articles from 1998-2013 were deemed applicable to this study including: 2 case reports, 5 prospective cohort studies, 2 retrospective cohort studies, and 1 randomized control trial with a grand total of 1,026 samples.Conclusion Side effects of DFP include: neutropenia, agranulocytosis, increased ALT, gastrointestinal problems, arthralgia or arthropathy, increased appetite or weight, thrombocytopenia, urine discoloration, as well as auditory and visual disturbances. Our case report patient’s symptoms of gum bleeding and haemorrhagic mass are not related to her DFP consumption.
So ‘Hot’ Right Now Reflections on Virality and Sociality from Transnational Digital China
Authors: Coates Jamie
Published: January 2018

A reflection of both the intensity of sharing practices and the appeal of shared content, the term ‘viral’ is often seen as coterminous with the digital media age. In particular, social media and mobile technologies afford users the ability to create and share content that spreads in ‘infectious’ ways. These technologies have caused moral panics in recent years, particularly within heavily regulated and censored media environments such as the People’s Republic of China (PRC). This paper uses the spread of a ‘viral’ sex video among young Chinesespeaking people who live transnational lives between Japan, China, and Taiwan, to reflect upon the question of ‘viral’ media as it is conceptualised more broadly. Their position both inside and outside Sinophone mediascapes affords a useful case study to think beyond purely institutional discussions of Chinese media, and focus on the ways media practices, affects, and affordances shape patterns of content distribution. It examines the language and practices of ‘virality’ among Chinese-speaking people in Tokyo and shows how the appeal of content like the sex video ‘digital stuff’ on WeChat are typically a digital amplification of pre-existing social practice. Described in terms of ‘sociothermic affects’ (Chau 2008) such as ‘fever’ and ‘heat’ (re/huo), the infectious nature of media is imagined in different but commensurate forms of virality that precedes the digital age. In the digital age however, virality is also made scalable (Miller et al. 2016) in new ways.
Twitter in Place Examining Seoul’s Gwanghwamun Plaza through Social Media Activism
Authors: Collins Samuel Gerald
Published: January 2018

In Korea, social networking sites are overwhelmingly utilized through smart phones; people tweet or update Facebook with their mobile devices. Like any social networking site, this means that people are making (and remaking) connections with each other, but it also means that people are connecting in complex ways to place. Even if geo-location is disabled, these social media still have this embodied dimension; they’re not just tweets, but tweets in a particular space and time. In Seoul, embodied practices of social media infuse spaces with diverse and networked meaning that interact (however weakly) with existing spatial systems. In this essay, I explore the diverse meaning of public space in Seoul through an analysis of Twitter traffic surrounding enormous protests in 2016 at Gwanghwamun Plaza calling for the resignation of President Park Geun-hye. People who protested against the President in Gwanghwamun Plaza were not only calling for her resignation, but they are also making strong claims to space that re-define the heterogeneous site as a space of protest. At the same time, they are not the only groups making claims on the plaza: conservative groups, merchants, commuters, tourists and various bots tweet other meanings through their interactions with the protest site, and these, too, add to the networked representation of Gwanghwamun Plaza. Ultimately, the paper suggests a theory of social media in urban settings which emphasizes complex interactions of space, representation, networked action, absence and presence.
Mobile Mediated Visualities An Empirical Study of Visual Practices on Instagram
Authors: Serafinelli Elisa , Villi Mikko
Published: January 2018

The escalation of photo sharing through social networking sites is one of the most substantial changes in mobile communication practice in recent years. The launch of smart mobile technologies represents a decisive moment in the production and observation of visualities with an elevated characteristic of digital shareability and reproducibility. Considering recent technological advancements and new social media services, this paper aims to study how social platforms and smart mobile devices are affecting individuals’ visual, social and digital practices. In particular, this paper examines the social exchange of photographs online in order to advance an in-depth reading of contemporary mobile media. The mobility afforded by smart mobile devices represents a fundamental condition that shapes the human-technology relationship. The paper studies this condition by concentrating on the dynamic mobility of individuals, devices and visual information. Methodologically, the paper employs a case study approach to analyse how Instagram affects individuals’ perception of their mediated lives. Qualitative interviews formed the fieldwork and a sample of 44 Instagram users took part in the study. Visual content analysis of participants’ photo sharing further contributed to the investigation. Findings from the study show that the use of smart mobile devices constitutes the development of new forms of mobile mediated visualities. The mobility and mediation afforded by smart mobile devices seem to establish new practices for producing and sharing images that push individuals to think visually of events, people and surroundings. These practices lead to the visual dataification of social practices and intensify the quantity and variety of visual data shared online. Within this context, the visual hyper-representation of social practices is exemplified by the current trend of giving to everything a visual justification (e. g. foodporn). In its conclusions, the paper offers a conceptual apparatus that can help to understand contemporary social, digital and visual interactions.
Morphological and FTIR Studies of Barium Oxalate Single Crystals
Authors: Shedam M. R. , Shedam Rakesh M. , Mathad Shridhar N.
Published: January 2018

The conditions for the gel growth of barium oxalate single crystals in silica gels were studied in this paper. We describe the growth mechanism, effect concentration of feed solution, interchanging of the reactants, the effect of temperature and detailed study of microstructures of barium oxalate single crystals. At higher concentration of feed solution dense fibers were observed. With interchanged feed solution precipitate and spherulites have been obtained. The effect of temperature on growth barium oxalate crystals showed that there was a decrease in nucleation density at higher temperature. The crystals growth were observed under the electron microscope which revealed that the crystal have needle and spherulites structures. We also report the FTIR studies of barium oxalate crystals.