bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving socially constructed cross‐cultural communication in aged care homes: A critical perspective
Authors: Xiao Lily Dongxia , Willis Eileen , Harrington Ann , Gillham David , De Bellis Anita , Morey Wendy , Jeffers Lesley
Published: June 2017

Cultural diversity between residents and staff is significant in aged care homes in many developed nations in the context of international migration. This diversity can be a challenge to achieving effective cross‐cultural communication. The aim of this study was to critically examine how staff and residents initiated effective cross‐cultural communication and social cohesion that enabled positive changes to occur. A critical hermeneutic analysis underpinned by Giddens’ Structuration Theory was applied to the study. Data were collected by interviews with residents or their family and by focus groups with staff in four aged care homes in Australia. Findings reveal that residents and staff are capable of restructuring communication via a partnership approach. They can also work in collaboration to develop communication resources. When staff demonstrate cultural humility, they empower residents from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds to engage in effective communication. Findings also suggest that workforce interventions are required to improve residents’ experiences in cross‐cultural care. This study challenges aged care homes to establish policies, criteria and procedures in cross‐cultural communication. There is also the challenge to provide ongoing education and training for staff to improve their cross‐cultural communication capabilities.
The healthy effects of strawberry bioactive compounds on molecular pathways related to chronic diseases
Authors: Giampieri Francesca , Forbes‐Hernandez Tamara Y. , Gasparrini Massimiliano , Afrin Sadia , Cianciosi Danila , Reboredo‐Rodriguez Patricia , Varela‐Lopez Alfonso , Quiles Jose L. , Mezzetti Bruno , Battino Maurizio
Published: June 2017

It is generally accepted that a fruit and vegetable–enriched diet is favorable for human health. The consumption of strawberries, in particular, has been related to the maintenance of well‐being and the prevention of several chronic diseases, owing to the high contents of antioxidants and phytochemicals present in the fruit. Several biological effects have been explained through the total antioxidant capacity exerted by these bioactive compounds, but recently more intricate mechanisms have begun to be examined. In this context, it has been reported that strawberry phenolics are able to exert anti‐inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antiproliferative, and antiatherosclerotic activities, acting on specific molecular pathways related to antioxidant defenses, metabolism, survival, and proliferation. The overall aim of this work is to discuss and update the cellular and molecular mechanisms recently proposed to clarify the effects of strawberry phenolics on human health, with particular attention to the most common chronic diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.
Dreaming: a gateway to the unconscious?
Authors: Paulson Steve , Barrett Deirdre , Bulkeley Kelly , Naiman Rubin
Published: June 2017

Where do our dreams originate from, and what do they tell us? Is there a universal set of symbols that are common to all dreams, regardless of a person's ethnicity or culture? What does dreaming reveal about the unconscious? Why do some dreams remain etched in our memories, whereas others are almost instantly forgotten? Some scientists have adopted the position that dreams are little more than noise in the brain, without any substantive purpose or function. Yet, such a stance seemingly runs counter to the experience of many people who reflect upon and even analyze their dreams, often in search of clues to their daily lives or insights into their deeper selves. Similarly, in virtually all wisdom traditions, dreams are invoked as an important source of revelation or prophecy. Steve Paulson, executive producer and host of To the Best of Our Knowledge, moderated a discussion that included psychologist Deirdre Barrett, dream researcher Kelly Bulkeley, and psychologist and sleep/dream medicine specialist Rubin Naiman; they examined dreams from a variety of perspectives to answer these questions.
Holter‐monitored sudden cardiac arrest after atrioventricular junction ablation
Authors: Waldmann Victor , Marijon Eloi , Combes Nicolas
Published: June 2017

We present a case of sudden cardiac arrest 7 hours after radiofrequency ablation of the atrioventricular junction for symptomatic permanent atrial fibrillation unresponsive to medical therapy. The Holter monitoring revealed a progressive increasing of QT interval after the procedure, highlighting the repolarization instability after acute changes in heart rates associated with modification of ventricular activation, leading to occurrence of short coupling interval ventricular extra beats and finally to a “torsade de pointes.” This illustration underlines the need to program a relatively rapid ventricular rate first weeks after junction ablation, especially in case of rapid ventricular rate prior to the procedure, as well as the role of continuous ECG and QT interval monitoring during hospital stay.
Introduction of color‐flow injection test to confirm intravascular location of peripherally placed intravenous catheters
Authors: Gautam Nischal K. , Bober Kayla R. , Cai Chunyan
Published: June 2017

Background

The incidence of infiltration and extravasation when using peripheral intravenous catheters is high in pediatric patients. Due to the lack of a gold standard test to confirm intravascular location of a peripherally placed intravenous catheter, we introduce a novel method, the color‐flow injection test to assess the intravascular location of these catheters. For the color‐flow injection test, 1 mL of normal saline was injected within 2 seconds in the distal intravenous catheter and changes in color‐flow via ultrasonography were observed at the proximal draining veins. The primary objective of the study was to demonstrate feasibility of the color‐flow injection test.

Methods

A prospective study was conducted on children <18 years old undergoing general anesthesia. All peripheral intravenous catheters were subject to the color‐flow injection test and standard confirmation tests.

Results

Out of the 100 patients enrolled, 22 patients came to the operating room with preexisting peripheral intravenous catheters. Intraoperatively, 105 attempts were made on 78 patients of which 27 catheters were considered as infiltrated during their placement. A final set of 100 catheters were considered for intraoperative usage after they had passed at least one of the standard confirmatory tests. For the color‐flow injection test, the ideal sites for ultrasound evaluation of proximal draining veins were the axillary veins and femoral veins. The color‐flow injection test was positive in 93 of the 100 catheters with color‐flow changes noticed in the proximal veins during the saline injection. Of the 100 catheters, infiltration around seven catheter sites were observed within 2 hours of intraoperative usage and the color‐flow injection test was negative in these seven catheters. The color‐flow injection test was also negative in the 27 catheters that had infiltrated during their placement. The color‐flow injection test was sensitive at 100% [95% confidence interval (CI)=95‐100] and specific at 100% (95% CI=56‐100) to indicate intravascular location.

Conclusion

We were able to confirm intravascular location of peripheral intravenous catheters using the color‐flow injection test in pediatric patients. The test can lead to early recognition of malfunctioning peripheral intravenous catheters and decrease rate of infiltration‐extravasation injuries associated with their use.
Apathy and Activism in the Heartland: The Antiwar Movement at the University of Nebraska, 1965–1970
Authors: Anchondo Augustus
Published: June 2017

In the history of the anti–Vietnam War movement at nonelite universities, there is little more than passing reference to the University of Nebraska. However, by analyzing archival materials from the University of Nebraska–Lincoln's Don Love Memorial Library, this article posits that students at Nebraska's flagship university were deeply concerned with the war in Southeast Asia. Although less active than the antiwar movements on other campuses, Nebraska's protests complicate our understanding of the politically complacent, or inherently conservative, Midwestern campus. Student activists at Nebraska succeeded in shifting local culture toward inclusion and communication. They also brought about a change in administrative bureaucracy that amplified the volume of student voices.
“A Bulwark Against Radicalism:” Protest Movements at the University of Pennsylvania and the Struggle for Reform, 1965‐1969
Authors: Asregadoo Ted
Published: June 2017

This article examines faculty and student protest movements at the University of Pennsylvania (Penn) from 1965 to 1969. As the backlash against the United States’ escalation of the Vietnam conflict grew on college campuses, faculty and student groups at Penn used the issue of chemical‐biological weapons research conducted at the university as a centerpiece in their protest against U.S. involvement in Vietnam. Later, students organized to protest against the expansion plans of the university into West Philadelphia neighborhoods. The administration's responses to the protest movements on campus were tolerant. And it was this outward expression of tolerance that was key in successfully containing the student and faculty's demands within a liberal‐pluralist paradigm while agreeing to minor reforms within the system.
Papillary thyroid carcinoma expressing CD20
Authors: Sasaki Yuya , Seto Masao , Miyoshi Hiroaki , Okada Shinya , Yokoyama Shintaro , Ohshima Akira , Ohshima Koichi
Published: June 2017

We identified a case of lymphadenopathy of metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with CD20 expression, which was also expressed by the primary tumor. CD20 expression was identified using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in metastatic PTC biopsy samples from a 58‐year‐old woman. CD20 expression was initially determined using a CD20‐recognizing L26 clone. To validate this phenomenon, we performed IHC with another antibody that recognizes the N‐terminus of CD20 and fluorescent double staining using anti‐TTF‐1 and anti‐CD20 antibodies. Taken together, we concluded metastatic PTC expressed CD20. We also examined 21 additional PTC cases and found four more cases that were CD20 positive. Therefore, five of the 22 (23%) cases were positive for CD20. In the positive cases, four cases were classical papillary thyroid carcinoma and one case was a follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. CD20 is an important target for molecularly targeted therapy for a subset of B‐cell lymphomas. Complement‐dependent and antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicities are important effector mechanisms of anti‐CD20 therapy. Here, for the first time, we report PTC with expression of CD20. Our findings provide a rationale for treating CD20‐positive PTC patients with anti‐CD20 therapy.
Retracted: ‘Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Preconception Period Among Women of Reproductive Age in Rural China – A Nationwide Study’
Authors: Zhou Qiongjie , Li Xiaotian , Wang Qiaomei , Shen Haiping , Zhang Yiping , Zhang Shikun , Acharya Ganesh
Published: June 2017

Retraction: ‘Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Preconception Period Among Women of Reproductive Age in Rural China – A Nationwide Study’ by Qiongjie Zhou, Xiaotian Li, Qiaomei Wang, Haiping Shen, Yiping Zhang, Shikun Zhang, Ganesh Acharya

The above manuscript, published online on 15 June 2017 in Wiley Online Library (http://wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, Cande V. Ananth, the Editor‐in‐Chief of Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The retraction has been made at the request of the authors since the data collected from self‐report of the HBV vaccination remains unverified, and potentially subject to errors.

Reference

Zhou Q, Li X, Wang Q, Shen H, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Acharya G. Hepatitis B Virus infection in preconception period among women of reproductive age in Rural China – A nationwide study. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2017. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppe.12371
Mind the movement: Frontal asymmetry stands for behavioral motivation, bilateral frontal activation for behavior
Authors: Rodrigues Johannes , Müller Mathias , Mühlberger Andreas , Hewig Johannes
Published: June 2017

Frontal asymmetry has been investigated over the past 30 years, and several theories have been developed about its meaning. The original theory of Davidson and its diversification by Harmon‐Jones & Allen allocated approach motivation to relative left frontal brain activity and withdrawal motivation to relative right frontal brain activity. Hewig and colleagues extended this theory by adding bilateral frontal activation representing a biological correlate of the behavioral activation system if actual behavior is shown. Wacker and colleagues formulated a theory related to the revised reinforcement sensitivity theory by Gray & McNaughton. Here, relative left frontal brain activation represents the revised behavioral activation system and behavior, while relative right frontal brain activation represents the revised behavioral inhibition system, representing the experience of conflict. These theories were investigated with a newly developed paradigm where participants were able to move around freely in a virtual T maze via joystick while having their EEG recorded. Analyzing the influence of frontal brain activation during this virtual reality task on observable behavior for 30 participants, we found more relative left frontal brain activation during approach behavior and more relative right brain activation for withdrawal behavior of any kind. Additionally, there was more bilateral frontal brain activation when participants were engaged in behavior compared to doing nothing. Hence, this study provides evidence for the idea that frontal asymmetry stands for behavioral approach or avoidance motivation, and bilateral frontal activation stands for behavior. Additionally, observable behavior is not only determined by frontal asymmetry, but also by relevant traits.
Hazard Experience, Geophysical Vulnerability, and Flood Risk Perceptions in a Postdisaster City, the Case of New Orleans
Authors: Gotham Kevin Fox , Campanella Richard , Lauve‐Moon Katie , Powers Bradford
Published: June 2017

This article investigates the determinants of flood risk perceptions in New Orleans, Louisiana (United States), a deltaic coastal city highly vulnerable to seasonal nuisance flooding and hurricane‐induced deluges and storm surges. Few studies have investigated the influence of hazard experience, geophysical vulnerability (hazard proximity), and risk perceptions in cities undergoing postdisaster recovery and rebuilding. We use ordinal logistic regression techniques to analyze experiential, geophysical, and sociodemographic variables derived from a survey of 384 residents in seven neighborhoods. We find that residents living in neighborhoods that flooded during Hurricane Katrina exhibit higher levels of perceived risk than those residents living in neighborhoods that did not flood. In addition, findings suggest that flood risk perception is positively associated with female gender, lower income, and direct flood experiences. In conclusion, we discuss the implications of these findings for theoretical and empirical research on environmental risk, flood risk communication strategies, and flood hazards planning.
Risk Communication Emergency Response Preparedness: Contextual Assessment of the Protective Action Decision Model
Authors: Heath Robert L. , Lee Jaesub , Palenchar Michael J. , Lemon Laura L.
Published: June 2017

Studies are continuously performed to improve risk communication campaign designs to better prepare residents to act in the safest manner during an emergency. To that end, this article investigates the predictive ability of the protective action decision model (PADM), which links environmental and social cues, predecision processes (attention, exposure, and comprehension), and risk decision perceptions (threat, alternative protective actions, and stakeholder norms) with protective action decision making. This current quasi‐longitudinal study of residents (N = 400 for each year) in a high‐risk (chemical release) petrochemical manufacturing community investigated whether PADM core risk perceptions predict protective action decision making. Telephone survey data collected at four intervals (1995, 1998, 2002, 2012) reveal that perceptions of protective actions and stakeholder norms, but not of threat, currently predict protective action decision making (intention to shelter in place). Of significance, rather than threat perceptions, perception of Wally Wise Guy (a spokes‐character who advocates shelter in place) correlates with perceptions of protective action, stakeholder norms, and protective action decision making. Wally's response‐efficacy advice predicts residents’ behavioral intentions to shelter in place, thereby offering contextually sensitive support and refinement for PADM.
AGING AND URBAN AGGLOMERATION UNDER A MULTI‐REGIONAL OVERLAPPING GENERATIONS MODEL
Authors: Naito Tohru , Omori Tatsuya
Published: June 2017

We develop a two‐region model in an overlapping generations economy with longevity, assuming that households decide the number of children and the residential location. An examination of the relationship between life expectancy and spatial agglomeration leads to our conclusion that a longer life expectancy promotes agglomeration. The results of our study show that the imbalance of the population distribution between urban and rural areas grows concomitantly with longevity.
Ensemble Approaches to Estimating the Population Mean with Missing Response
Authors: Duan Xiaogang , Yin Guosheng
Published: June 2017

We propose new ensemble approaches to estimate the population mean for missing response data with fully observed auxiliary variables. We first compress the working models according to their categories through a weighted average, where the weights are proportional to the square of the least‐squares coefficients of model refitting. Based on the compressed values, we develop two ensemble frameworks, under which one is to adjust weights in the inverse probability weighting procedure and the other is built upon an additive structure by reformulating the augmented inverse probability weighting function. The asymptotic normality property is established for the proposed estimators through the theory of estimating functions with plugged‐in nuisance parameter estimates. Simulation studies show that the new proposals have substantial advantages over existing ones for small sample sizes, and an acquired immune deficiency syndrome data example is used for illustration.
Crime and Partisanship: How Party ID Muddles Reality, Perception, and Policy Attitudes on Crime and Guns*
Authors: Pearson‐Merkowitz Shanna , Dyck Joshua J.
Published: June 2017

Objective

In this article we theorize that partisanship is such a strong filter of information that it can affect how individuals make sense of their lived environment and how the geographic experience informs policy attitudes. As a result, although “independents” tend to be less politically knowledgeable and have less developed policy opinions, their policy attitudes on gun control are more informed by their lived experience than partisans.

Methods

We use data from an original survey of American adults about crime and gun control linked to crime statistics from the FBI.

Results

We find that stronger partisanship leads to resistance to information from the lived environment in the development of policy attitudes about gun control.

Conclusion

Democrats and Republicans have very different views about guns and, generally, these priorities are relatively unaffected by contextual experience; however, gun policy attitudes of independents are highly correlated with the level of gun crime in their geographic context.
Testing Theories of Gun Policy Preferences Among Blacks, Latinos, and Whites in America*
Authors: Filindra Alexandra , Kaplan Noah
Published: June 2017

Objective

Research examining the factors shaping gun policy attitudes has focused on the general population or whites. Little is known about how self‐interest, political values, or racial prejudice shape the gun policy preferences of minorities. We seek to assess the effect of self‐interest, political values, and racial prejudice on the gun policy attitudes of whites, Latinos, and blacks. We also introduce a measure of prejudice difference in group violence—which has not been previously used in the literature on gun policy opinion.

Methods

We use data from a new survey (2015) and analyze whites, blacks, and Latinos separately.

Results

We find that many of the drivers of support for gun control found in the general population apply to minorities as well, but the substantive effects vary across groups. Similar to prior general population findings, we find that for all groups concern about crime is associated with more support for gun control, and that gun ownership, being the victim of a crime, and conservative political values are associated with less support.

Conclusion

In contrast, we find that racial prejudice is negatively correlated with support for gun control among whites and Latinos, while one type of racial prejudice—racial resentment—increases support for gun control among blacks.
Clinical outcome of cystic fibrosis patients colonized by Scedosporium species following lung transplantation: A single‐center 15‐year experience
Authors: Parize Perrine , Boussaud Veronique , Poinsignon Vianney , Sitterlé Emilie , Botterel Francoise , Lefeuvre Sandrine , Guillemain Romain , Dannaoui Eric , Billaud Eliane M.
Published: June 2017

Background

Fungi of the genus Scedosporium are emerging pathogens responsible for severe infections in lung transplant recipients. These infections are associated with poor prognosis and some centers consider now Scedosporium species colonization as a contraindication to lung transplantation (LT) even though no published evidence demonstrates that Scedosporium species colonization is associated with higher morbidity or mortality after LT.

Methods

Here, we aim to describe characteristics and outcome of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung transplant recipients colonized with Scedosporium species in a single center over a 15‐year period.

Results

During the study period, 14 patients had scedosporial colonization reported. Only one patient, colonized before transplantation by Lomentospora prolificans, developed scedosporial disease. Among the eight patients colonized before transplantation by Scedosporium apiospermum complex, the median survival was 1.92 year (range 0.21‐12.5). All these patients except one became free of fungal colonization after transplantation with antifungal prophylaxis including voriconazole or posaconazole. For the five patients colonized after LT, including two with L. prolificans, the median survival was 1.75 years (range 0.1‐13); three of them are still alive.

Conclusions

It appears to us that scedosporial colonization may not be a contraindication for LT in CF patients, as long as S. apiospermum complex is involved and a life‐long azole prophylaxis prescribed.
Performance Evaluation of the Minimum Quantity of Lubricant Technique With Auxiliary Cleaning of the Grinding Wheel in Cylindrical Grinding of N2711 Steel
Authors: Alves Luis Otávio Barreto de Sampaio , Ruzzi Rodrigo de Souza , Batista da Silva Rosemar , Jackson Mark J. , Tarrento Gilson Eduardo , Mello Hamilton José de , Aguiar Paulo Roberto de , Bianchi Eduardo Carlos
Published: June 2017

Grinding is an abrasive process mostly used in finishing operations to provide low roughness and narrow limits of form and dimensioning to the workpiece. Due to the large amount of heat generated by friction between the abrasive and the workpiece in this process, the use of large volumes of coolant is encouraged to avoid thermal damage, such as burning and hardness variation caused by subsurface damage. On the other hand, environmental impacts and human health problems caused by coolants have been a key issue toward sustainable manufacturing, mainly because of the chemistry behind them. Thus, is important to seek for strategies to reduce the volume of fluids and their risks as well as guarantee grinding efficiency. One machining strategy is the minimum quantity of lubricant (MQL) technique, which is well consolidated over the past 25 years and one that uses low volumes of fluid mixed with compressed air flow, as well as provides less waste. However, it has generally been reported that sludge formed during grinding is forced into the wheel pores, consequently clogging its pores, thereby reducing the wheel cutting potential and its performance. A possible solution for this problem is to use an auxiliary compressed air system to clean the grinding wheel surface during machining, since the MQL conventional system is not able to clean it. In this context, this work evaluated the performance of the MQL technique with an auxiliary cleaning of the grinding wheel cutting surface in relation to the conventional cooling techniques (flood cooling) during a cylindrical plunge grinding of N2711 steel. N2711 steel is widely employed in manufacturing of molds for plastic injection processes and is one of steels more susceptible to grinding burn. The following output parameters were used to assess the performance: surface roughness, roundness, microhardness, grinding power, and grinding wheel wear. The results showed that the MQL technique, in addition to the environmental and economic advantages achieved, provided superior workpiece quality, and lower power consumed compared to the flood technique. The MQL technique proved to be an alternative method compared to the conventional technique under the conditions investigated. Also, the Malkin’s model was used to predict the grinding ratio (G-ratio) based on the experimental data obtained in this work. After regression analysis, the model predicted the G-ratio from the specific material removal rate and the cutting speed with a satisfactory accuracy of approximately 92%.
Image Acquisition and Image Processing Algorithm for Movement Analysis of Bearings' Rolling Elements
Authors: Abele Eberhard , Holland Lars , Hönig Philipp
Published: June 2017

Movement analyses of bearings with regard to stable and unstable motion behavior typically investigate the cage whirl. However, some experimental and simulation-based studies exist that analyze the movements of the rolling elements. The majority of these investigations focus on lower shaft speeds. This paper presents an image-based approach for investigating the rolling element motions under high-speed operation condition. A new evaluation algorithm is presented and its suitability is verified first by generic images and afterward by experiments on cylindrical roller bearings.
Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Spark Plasma Sintered SiC–TiB2 and SiC–TiB2–TaC Composites: Effects of Sintering Temperatures (2000 °C and 2100 °C)
Authors: Pant H. K. , Debnath D. , Chakraborty S. , Wani M. F. , Das P. K.
Published: June 2017

SiC–TiB2 (10 wt. %) and SiC–TiB2 (10 wt. %)–TaC (5 wt. %) composites are consolidated using spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique at different sintering temperatures (2000 °C and 2100 °C) for 15 min soaking time under 35 MPa pressure. The effects of sintering temperature on densification and mechanical properties of composites have been investigated in detail. SiC–TiB2 and SiC–TiB2–TaC composites sintered at 2100 °C showed high Vickers hardness value, i.e., 27.20 ± 1.23 GPa and 26.40 ± 0.80 GPa, respectively, under 1 kgf (9.81 N) load. Poor fracture toughness {2.28 MPa(m)1/2 at 1 kgf (9.81 N) load} of monolithic silicon carbide (SiC) sintered at 2100 °C is improved with addition of titanium diboride (TiB2) and tantalum carbide (TaC) as secondary phases. Scratch resistance of SiC–TiB2 and SiC–TiB2–TaC composites show coefficient of friction value below 0.40 and 0.50 under 5 N and 10 N loads, respectively. SiC–TiB2 and SiC–TiB2–TaC composites show constant thermal conductivity response above 810 °C and 603 °C in the range of 48.70–47.15 W/m K and 60.35–60.41 W/m K, respectively.
A Study on the Behavior of Single- and Twin-Gasketed Flange Joint Under External Bending Load
Authors: Rino Nelson N. , Siva Prasad N. , Sekhar A. S.
Published: June 2017

Gasketed flange joints are widely used in pressure vessels and piping systems. They are subjected to bending load due to differential thermal expansion, wind load, self-weight, etc., in addition to assembly and internal fluid load. Most of the flange designs are based on equivalent pressure method to include the effect of external bending loads. The behavior of gasketed flange joint is complex due to the nonlinear hysteretic behavior of gasket material and contact interfaces between joint members. It becomes more complex when the joint is subjected to bending load at elevated temperatures. In the present work, performance of a flange joint has been studied under internal pressure and external bending load at elevated temperatures. A 3D finite element model is developed, considering the nonlinearities in the joint due to gasket material and contact between its members along with their temperature-dependent material properties. The performance of joint under different bolt preloads, internal fluid pressures, and temperatures is studied. Flange joint with two gaskets (twin-gasketed flange joint, TGJ) placed concentric is also analyzed. The results from finite element analysis (FEA) are validated using four-point bending test on gasketed flange joint. The sealing and strength criteria are considered to determine the maximum allowable bending moment at different internal fluid temperatures, for both single- and twin-gasketed flange joints with spiral wound gasket. Twin gasket is able to withstand higher bending moment without leakage compared to single gasket. Results show that the allowable load on flange joint depends on operating temperature and gasket configuration.
Investigation of the Use of an Inorganic Aqueous Solution in Aluminum-Made Phase-Change Heat Transfer Devices
Authors: Yao Qi , Stubblebine Michael J. , Catton Ivan
Published: June 2017

An inorganic aqueous solution, known as IAS, has shown its compatibility with aluminum phase-change heat transfer devices. When using IAS in aluminum devices, aluminum prefers to react with the two oxidizers, permanganate and chromate, rather than water to generate a thin and compact layer of aluminum oxide, which protects the aluminum surface and prevents further reactions. In addition, an electrochemical theory of aluminum passivation is introduced, and the existence of an electrochemical cycle is demonstrated by an aluminum thermosiphon test. The electrochemistry cycle, built up by liquid back flow and tube wall, allows the oxidizers to passivate the aluminum surface inside the device without being directly in contact with it. However, failure was detected while using IAS in thermosiphons with air natural convection cooling. The importance of a continuous liquid back flow to aluminum passivation in phase-change heat transfer devices is pointed out, and a vertical thermosiphon test with natural convection cooling is used to demonstrate that a discontinuous liquid back flow is the main reason of the failures.
The Reasons of Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Laminar Channel Flow With Uniform Heat Flux on the Wall Under a Pair of Longitudinal Vortex Generators Mounted on the Bottom Wall
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Wang Liang-Bi
Published: June 2017

To find the reasons of heat transfer enhancement of a laminar convective heat transfer process in a channel at a uniform heat flux boundary when a pair of longitudinal vortex generators (VGs) is mounted on the bottom wall, the laminar convective heat transfer process in the channel is investigated numerically in a frame built up by the convective transport equation of the heat flux. The results show that longitudinal vortices greatly increase the local convection contribution terms that determine the local intensity of the convective transport of the heat flux component in the span direction, and that the increased local contribution terms intensify the local convective transport of the heat flux component in the same direction. This process increases the convection contribution terms that determine the convective transports of the heat flux components in the main stream direction and in the normal direction of the channel walls. The increase in these convection contribution terms results in an enhancement of the convective heat transfer ability on the channel walls, and then, the heat transfer is enhanced by longitudinal vortices. When the span-averaged characteristic is numerically counted, longitudinal vortices are found to have no contribution on the span-averaged convective transport of the heat flux in the span direction.
Masking release for hearing-impaired listeners: The effect of increased audibility through reduction of amplitude variability
Authors: Desloge Joseph G. , Reed Charlotte M. , Braida Louis D. , Perez Zachary D. , D'Aquila Laura A.
Published: June 2017

The masking release (i.e., better speech recognition in fluctuating compared to continuous noise backgrounds) observed for normal-hearing (NH) listeners is generally reduced or absent in hearing-impaired (HI) listeners. One explanation for this lies in the effects of reduced audibility: elevated thresholds may prevent HI listeners from taking advantage of signals available to NH listeners during the dips of temporally fluctuating noise where the interference is relatively weak. This hypothesis was addressed through the development of a signal-processing technique designed to increase the audibility of speech during dips in interrupted noise. This technique acts to (i) compare short-term and long-term estimates of energy, (ii) increase the level of short-term segments whose energy is below the average energy, and (iii) normalize the overall energy of the processed signal to be equivalent to that of the original long-term estimate. Evaluations of this energy-equalizing (EEQ) technique included consonant identification and sentence reception in backgrounds of continuous and regularly interrupted noise. For HI listeners, performance was generally similar for processed and unprocessed signals in continuous noise; however, superior performance for EEQ processing was observed in certain regularly interrupted noise backgrounds.
Intrasubtype B HIV-1 Superinfection Correlates with Delayed Neutralizing Antibody Response
Authors: Wagner Gabriel A. , Landais Elise , Caballero Gemma , Phung Pham , Kosakovsky Pond Sergei L. , Poignard Pascal , Richman Douglas D. , Little Susan J. , Smith Davey M.
Published: June 2017

Understanding whether the neutralizing antibody (NAb) response impacts HIV-1 superinfection and how superinfection subsequently modulates the NAb response can help clarify correlates of protection from HIV exposures and better delineate pathways of NAb development. We examined associations between the development of NAb and the occurrence of superinfection in a well-characterized, antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive, primary infection cohort of men who have sex with men. Deep sequencing was applied to blood plasma samples from the cohort to detect cases of superinfection. We compared the NAb activity against autologous and heterologous viruses between 10 participants with intrasubtype B superinfection and 19 monoinfected controls, matched to duration of infection and risk behavior. Three to 6 months after primary infection, individuals who would later become superinfected had significantly weaker NAb activity against tier 1 subtype B viruses (
P
= 0.003 for SF-162 and
P
= 0.017 for NL4-3) and marginally against autologous virus (
P
= 0.054). Lower presuperinfection NAb responses correlated with weaker gp120 binding and lower plasma total IgG titers. Soon after superinfection, the NAb response remained lower, but between 2 and 3 years after primary infection, NAb levels strengthened and reached those of controls. Superinfecting viruses were typically not susceptible to neutralization by presuperinfection plasma. These observations suggest that recently infected individuals with a delayed NAb response against primary infecting and tier 1 subtype B viruses are more susceptible to superinfection.

IMPORTANCE
Our findings suggest that within the first year after HIV infection, a relatively weak neutralizing antibody response against primary and subtype-specific neutralization-sensitive viruses increases susceptibility to superinfection in the face of repeated exposures. As natural infection progresses, the immune response strengthens significantly in some superinfected individuals. These findings will inform HIV vaccine design by providing testable correlates of protection from initial HIV infection.
Phosphorylation of Serine 225 in Hepatitis C Virus NS5A Regulates Protein-Protein Interactions
Authors: Goonawardane Niluka , Gebhardt Anna , Bartlett Christopher , Pichlmair Andreas , Harris Mark
Published: June 2017

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) is a phosphoprotein that plays key, yet poorly defined, roles in both virus genome replication and virion assembly/release. It has been proposed that differential phosphorylation could act as a switch to regulate the various functions of NS5A; however, the mechanistic details of the role of this posttranslational modification in the virus life cycle remain obscure. We previously reported (D. Ross-Thriepland, J. Mankouri, and M. Harris, J Virol 89:3123–3135, 2015, doi:10.1128/JVI.02995-14) a role for phosphorylation at serine 225 (S225) of NS5A in the regulation of JFH-1 (genotype 2a) genome replication. A phosphoablatant (S225A) mutation resulted in a 10-fold reduction in replication and a perinuclear restricted distribution of NS5A, whereas the corresponding phosphomimetic mutation (S225D) had no phenotype. To determine the molecular mechanisms underpinning this phenotype we conducted a label-free proteomics approach to identify cellular NS5A interaction partners. This analysis revealed that the S225A mutation disrupted the interactions of NS5A with a number of cellular proteins, in particular the nucleosome assembly protein 1-like protein 1 (NAP1L1), bridging integrator 1 (Bin1, also known as amphiphysin II), and vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein A (VAP-A). These interactions were validated by immunoprecipitation/Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and proximity ligation assay. Importantly, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of NAP1L1, Bin1 or VAP-A impaired viral genome replication and recapitulated the perinuclear redistribution of NS5A seen in the S225A mutant. These results demonstrate that S225 phosphorylation regulates the interactions of NS5A with a defined subset of cellular proteins. Furthermore, these interactions regulate both HCV genome replication and the subcellular localization of replication complexes.

IMPORTANCE
Hepatitis C virus is an important human pathogen. The viral nonstructural 5A protein (NS5A) is the target for new antiviral drugs. NS5A has multiple functions during the virus life cycle, but the biochemical details of these roles remain obscure. NS5A is known to be phosphorylated by cellular protein kinases, and in this study, we set out to determine whether this modification is required for the binding of NS5A to other cellular proteins. We identified 3 such proteins and show that they interacted only with NS5A that was phosphorylated on a specific residue. Furthermore, these proteins were required for efficient virus replication and the ability of NS5A to spread throughout the cytoplasm of the cell. Our results help to define the function of NS5A and may contribute to an understanding of the mode of action of the highly potent antiviral drugs that are targeted to NS5A.
Staged curative treatment of a complex direct carotid-cavernous fistula with a large arterial defect and an 'oversized' internal carotid artery
Authors: Bender Matthew T , Lin Li-Mei , Coon Alexander L , Colby Geoffrey P
Published: June 2017

This is a case of a high-flow, post-traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistula with a widened arterial defect and a large-diameter internal carotid artery (ICA). The unique aspect of this case is the oversized ICA, >8mm in diameter, which is both a pathological and a therapeutic challenge, given the lack of available neuroendovascular devices for full vessel reconstruction. We present a planned two-stage embolisation paradigm for definitive treatment. Transarterial coil embolisation is performed as the first stage to disconnect the fistula and normalise flow in the ICA. A 3-month recovery period is then allowed for reduction in carotid diameter. Repair of the large vessel defect and pseudoaneurysm is performed as a second stage in a delayed fashion with a flow-diverting device. Follow-up angiography at 6 months demonstrates obliteration of the fistula and curative ICA reconstruction to a diameter <5mm.
Twenty-nine-month follow-up of a paediatric zirconia dental crown
Authors: Lopez Cazaux Serena , Hyon Isabelle , Prud'homme Tony , Dajean Trutaud Sylvie
Published: June 2017

The aim of this paper is to present the long-term follow-up of one paediatric zirconia crown on a deciduous molar. Preformed crowns are part of the armamentarium in paediatric dentistry. In recent years, aesthetic alternatives to preformed metal crowns have been developed, first preveneered crowns and then zirconia crowns. This paper describes the restoration of a primary molar with a zirconia crown (EZ-Pedo, Loomis, California, USA) in an 8-year-old boy. In this clinical case, the protocol for the implementation and maintenance of zirconia crowns is detailed. The patient was followed up for 29 months until the natural exfoliation of his primary molar. The adaptation of the zirconia crown, the gingival health and the wear on the opposing tooth were considered. In this case, the paediatric zirconia crown allowed sustainable functional restoration while restoring a natural appearance of the tooth.
Gamma–delta T-cell lymphoma of skin, eye and brain presenting with visual loss
Authors: Jones Nicholas , Gibb Adam , Irion Luciane , Coupland Sarah
Published: June 2017

A young man presented with rapid, predominantly right-sided visual loss with a background of multifocal skin lesions. Visual acuity was right hand movements, left 6/5 Snellen, deteriorating to 6/38. He showed panuveitis with bilateral multifocal retinal infiltrates and retinal vasculitis. Multifocal brain lesions were identified. Biopsy of both skin and vitreous showed atypical lymphocytes, and immunohistochemistry confirmed T-cell lymphoma of gamma–delta subtype. Management with the CODOX-M/IVAC polychemotherapy regimen achieved rapid response including resolution of intraocular changes and substantial improvement of visual acuity to right 6/7.5, left 6/6. However, he relapsed before planned stem cell transplantation. Salvage with the gemcitabine/dexamethasone/cisplatin regimen, although temporarily effective, was followed by further relapse including widespread brain involvement, and he succumbed 10 months after presentation.
Vesical dermoid: a rare bladder tumour
Authors: Sokhal Ashok Kumar , Singh Bhupendra Pal , Goel Sunny , Saini Durgesh Kumar
Published: June 2017

Dermoid cysts are benign developmental lesions consisting of tissues of more than one germ cell lineage origin. The urinary bladder is a very rare location of dermoid cysts. We report a case of an 18-year-old woman who presented with suprapubic pain, dysuria and turbid urine. Blood and serum chemistry was normal. Contrast-enhanced CT revealed a heterogeneously enhancing mass of 2.5×2 cm within the urinary bladder infiltrating fundus of urinary bladder with extraluminal extension. At cystoscopy, an irregular mass arising from the dome of the urinary bladder with a covering of hair and whitish scales was seen. The patient was managed by transperitoneal laparoscopic partial cystectomy with left oophorectomy. Histology revealed dermoid cyst arising from the urinary bladder and simple serous cyst in the ovary. Postoperative course was uneventful.
Saddle-nose and bilateral cauliflower ear deformities with pyoderma gangrenosum-like ulcers, cavitary pulmonary lesions, digital gangrene and pulselessness in a young female
Authors: Subhadarshani Sweta , Gupta Vishal , Chahal Anurag , Verma Kaushal K
Published: June 2017

We report a young female who presented with saddle-nose and bilateral cauliflower ear deformities along with pyoderma gangrenosum-like ulcers, digital gangrene and pulselessness. Subsequently, she was found to have bilateral conductive hearing loss, a corneal opacity, mild aortic regurgitation and radiological evidence of cavitary changes in lungs and aortoarteritis. Our patient had a constellation of symptoms which posed a diagnostic challenge. Finally, a diagnosis of relapsing polychondritis with several unusual features was made. Overlap with Takayasu’s arteritis and granulomatosis with polyangitis, which has been reported rarely in the literature, cannot be excluded.
Rheumatoid arthritis causing diffuse alveolar haemorrhage: a novel therapeutic approach
Authors: Osman Afaf , Galiatsatos Panagis , Bose Sonali , Danoff Sonye
Published: June 2017

Pulmonary vascular involvement due to rheumatoid arthritis, presenting as diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH), is a rare phenomenon, especially if there are no signs of systemic vasculitides. Furthermore, how to proceed with the management of these patients is challenging, as in the case of our patient, who had recurrent DAH. We present a case of a patient with known rheumatoid arthritis who had recurrence of DAH that spanned over several years, often presenting with life-threatening respiratory failure. While her DAH presentation improved with high-dose glucocorticoids, to resolve her recurrence, we opted to initiate treatment with rituximab, with a short course of azathioprine. After the second round of rituximab, the patient continues to do well without any further DAH-related complications. We also summarise prior cases of such patients to highlight variable treatment options.