bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-thermal emission in M31 and M33
Authors: Persic Massimo , Rephaeli Yoel , Rando Riccardo
Published: February 2024

Context.Spiral galaxies M31 and M33 are among theγ-ray sources detected by theFermiLarge Area Telescope (LAT).

Aims.We aim to model the broadband non-thermal emission of the central region of M31 (a LAT point source) and of the disk of M33 (a LAT extended source), as part of our continued survey of non-thermal properties of local galaxies that includes the Magellanic Clouds.

Methods.We analysed the observed emission from the central region of M31 (R < 5.5 kpc) and the disk-sized emission from M33 (R ∼ 9 kpc). For each galaxy, we self-consistently modelled the broadband spectral energy distribution of the diffuse non-thermal emission based on published radio andγ-ray data. All relevant radiative processes involving relativistic and thermal electrons (synchrotron, Compton scattering, bremsstrahlung, and free–free emission and absorption), along with relativistic protons (π0decay following interaction with thermal protons), were considered, using exact emissivity formulae. We also used theFermi-LAT-validatedγ-ray emissivities for pulsars.

Results.Joint spectral analyses of the emission from the central region of M31 and the extended disk of M33 indicate that the radio emission is composed of both primary and secondary electron synchrotron and thermal bremsstrahlung, whereas theγ-ray emission may be explained as a combination of diffuse pionic, pulsar, and nuclear-BH-related emissions in M31 and plain diffuse pionic emission (with an average proton energy density of 0.5 eV cm−3) in M33.

Conclusions.The observedγ-ray emission from M33 appears to be mainly hadronic. This situation is similar to other local galaxies, namely, the Magellanic Clouds. In contrast, we have found suggestions of a more complex situation in the central region of M31, whose emission could be an admixture of pulsar emission and hadronic emission, with the latter possibly originating from both the disk and the vicinity of the nuclear black hole. The alternative modelling of the spectra of M31 and M33 is motivated by the different hydrogen distribution in the two galaxies: The hydrogen deficiency in the central region of M31 partially unveils emissions from the nuclear BH and the pulsar population in the bulge and inner disk. If this were to be the case in M33 as well, these emissions would be outshined by diffuse pionic emission originating within the flat central-peak gas distribution in M33.
Stellar companions and Jupiter-like planets in young associations
Authors: Gratton R. , Bonavita M. , Mesa D. , Desidera S. , Zurlo A. , Marino S. , D’Orazi V. , Rigliaco E. , Nascimbeni V. , Barbato D. , Columba G. , Squicciarini V.
Published: February 2024

Context. The formation mechanisms of stellar, brown dwarf, and planetary companions, their dependencies on the environment and their interactions with each other are still not well established. Recently, combining high-contrast imaging and space astrometry we found that Jupiter-like (JL) planets are frequent in the β Pic moving group (BPMG) around those stars where their orbit can be stable, prompting further analysis and discussion.

Aims. We broaden our previous analysis to other young nearby associations to determine the frequency, mass and separation of companions in general and JL in particular and their dependencies on the mass and age of the associations.

Methods. We collected available data about companions to the stars in the BPMG and seven additional young associations, including those revealed by visual observations, eclipses, spectroscopy and astrometry.

Results. We determined search completeness and found that it is very high for stellar companions, while completeness corrections are still large for JL companions. Once these corrections are included, we found a high frequency of companions, both stellar (>0.52 ± 0.03) and JL (0.57 ± 0.11). The two populations are clearly separated by a gap that corresponds to the well-known brown dwarf desert. Within the population of massive companions, we found clear trends in frequency, separation, and mass ratios with stellar mass. Planetary companions pile up in the region just outside the ice line and we found them to be frequent once completeness was considered. The frequency of JL planets decreases with the overall mass and possibly the age of the association.

Conclusions. We tentatively identify the two populations as due to disk fragmentation and core accretion, respectively. The distributions of stellar companions with a semi-major axis <1000 au is indeed well reproduced by a simple model of formation by disk fragmentation. The observed trends with stellar mass can be explained by a shorter but much more intense phase of accretion onto the disk of massive stars and by a more steady and prolonged accretion on solar-type stars. Possible explanations for the trends in the population of JL planets with association mass and age are briefly discussed.
The Effectiveness of Genetic Algorithm, And the CDS Method In Solving Flowshop Scheduling Problems
Authors: Prassetiyo Hendro , Heryati Firda
Published: February 2024

Flow shop scheduling problem is considered NP-hard for m machines and n jobs. For such NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems, heuristics play a major role in searching for near-optimal solutions. In this paper we used Genetic Algorithm, and the CDS method for solving flow shop scheduling problem with makespan as the criteria. The objective of this model is to obtain a sequence of jobs and the minimization of the total completion time (makespan). To test the effectiveness of the method, a dataset of case studies is used to compare the makespan values obtained for each method.
Optimization of Food Delivery Robot Using the PID Method Ziegler Nichols Type 2 and Fuzzy Logic Mamdani
Authors: Ashari Rakhmat Galih , Rizal Sukma Muhamad
Published: February 2024

In this research in this research, the Ziegler-Nichols Type 2 PID method was used in the development of a food delivery robot that has a line follower sensor. The PID control system is used to correct input variable (sensor) measurement errors so that the system output matches the set point value to produce the smallest possible error. Ziegler-Nichols Type 2 is used for path detection optimization. Fuzzy is used to adjust the speed of the robot’s movement based on the type and weight of food against obstacles in the path. In this research, a food delivery robot containing 0% liquid and 100% liquid will be tested. The calculation of this method results in Kp 1.2, Ki 7.038, and Kd 0.051, the overshoot value is 45.2581, and the rise time is 64.2857. The optimization was carried out using the trial-and-error method, and the results obtained were Kp 0.06, Ki 0.032, Kd 0.0001, the overshoot value was 40.7109, and the rise time was 45.2286. In the fuzzy logic test, it was found that the fastest time to reach a distance of 200 cm was 3.74 seconds at the initial PWM 47% with no food load, and the longest time was 17.41 seconds at the initial PWM 31.4% with a food load of 1300gram. This occurred when delivering food that contains 100% liquid, and the success rate in food delivery is 87.5%.
Determining Preventive Maintenance Schedule on Press Machine Components using Age Replacement Methods
Authors: Ulfa Afifah Alif , Herni Mustofa Fifi , Zahra Mustika Ainun
Published: February 2024

To minimize severe damage and reduce maintenance costs, it is essential to monitor and control the performance decline of machines periodically. Implementing regular preventive maintenance on the machines used in production activities is a key approach to achieve this goal. By performing scheduled maintenance on a regular basis, the strength of the machines can be maintained, ensuring their stability, and facilitating smooth production processes. Notably, the press machine serves as the primary printing equipment for the company’s product manufacturing. Any breakdown in this machine can significantly disrupt production and lead to losses for the company. Frequent production interruptions due to sudden inspections and repairs are among the challenges faced by the company. To address this issue, it is recommended for the company to establish a specific preventive maintenance schedule for the press machine to ensure its stability. The Age Replacement method can be employed in creating this preventive maintenance schedule, as it determines the optimal replacement interval based on the component’s age. By utilizing the Age Replacement method, the company can generate the most effective proposed scheduling required for maintaining the press machine in optimal condition.
Development of a Telemedicine Acceptance Model in Indonesia by Considering Trust and Usability Factors for Self-Isolated Patients
Authors: Darmawan Ilham , Widyanti Ari
Published: February 2024

Telemedicine use during COVID-19 pandemic had significant impact in helping to deal with health problems, especially for self-isolation users. This study aims to develop a theoretical framework for model acceptance technology of telemedicine in Indonesia by considering aspects of trust and usability for self-isolation patients. Technology acceptance model (TAM) is used as a theoretical framework for this study involving several antecedents. Data was collected using Likert scale questionnaire and distributed online, receiving responses from 467 respondents. Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) analysis method used to explore factors related to behavioral intention and actual use. This study indicates a positive relationship between learnability and memorability on perceived ease of use. Then, effectiveness and trust have a positive relationship to perceived usefulness, but it is proven not to have a positive relationship to behavioral intention to use. Furthermore, the results show that contamination avoidance, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, reliability, and information quality significantly affect behavioral intention to use. As for safety and professionalism, it is not proven to have a positive relationship with behavioral intention to use. These findings can provide input for government and telemedicine application developers in considering user factors to anticipate patients using telemedicine in self-isolation.
Performance Analysis of Oversampling and Undersampling on Telco Churn Data Using Naive Bayes, SVM And Random Forest Methods
Authors: Alif Muhammad Daffa Nur , Fahrudin Nur Fitrianti
Published: February 2024

The telecommunications industry is a rapidly growing economic sector in today’s digital era. However, intense competition causes challenges in retaining customers. One of the problems faced by companies is the increase in customer switching, known as customer churn, which is when customers stop using the company’s services. To solve this problem, telecommunication companies use data mining techniques to predict potential customer churn. In the churn prediction process, data mining identifies patterns of customer behavior that indicate potential churn in the future. The dataset used in this research comes from the Telco Churn dataset which can be accessed through the Kaggle platform. This research implements oversampling and undersampling techniques to improve prediction accuracy on minority data in data mining algorithm models such as Random Forest, Naive Bayes, and SVM. The results of this study show that the application of oversampling and undersampling techniques is effective in increasing the Specificity (True Negative Rate) value of the algorithm model used. This Specificity increase is observed in various algorithms such as Random Forest which experienced an increase in Specificity value up to 45.98%, Naive Bayes up to 14.97%, and SVM up to 65.41%.
Redesigning UI/UX Of Itenas Online Graduation Registration Website Using Lean UX And Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire
Authors: Ramadhan Putra Kurnia , Akmal Fauzi Diky
Published: February 2024

Rapid advancement of Information Technology has accelerated the flow of information and data. The National Institute of Technology (Itenas) has improved its services with an online graduation registration system (Pendaftaran Wisuda Online). However, based on observations and the result of Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire (PSSUQ) revealed negative experiences on the website. Based on PSSUQ scores, where lower values indicate better performance, it averaged 3.31 for SYSUSE, 3.41 for INFOQUAL, and 3.71 for INTERQUAL, all of which exceeded the Upper Limit of PSSUQ. This suggests room for enhancing usability and user experience. Addressing this, a study focused on redesigning Itenas’ Graduation Registration website using the Lean UX approach and evaluating it through Usability Testing and PSSUQ. The results of usability testing included effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction aspects. Effectiveness scored 90.5%, surpassing the 78% average. Efficiency achieved a time of 0.0658 goal/seconds. For the satisfaction aspect, assessed by PSSUQ, achieved significant results, where all sub-scales received scores below the Lower Limit, indicating excellent performance, showed excellent performance with scores below the Lower Limit. SYSUSE scored 1.55, INFOQUAL 1.92, INTERQUAL 1.38, and OVERALL, 1.65. These results indicate that UI/UX improvements fulfilled user needs, marking a successful overhaul of the Itenas Graduation Registration website.
Comparative Analysis of Conventional and Electric Motor Propulsion Systems for “Sandek” Fishing Boats in West Sulawesi from a Sustainable Economical Aspect
Authors: Iskendar  , Muis Abdul , Waluyo  , Ismoyo Kunto , Arif Binaruno Farid , Agus Widodo Mulyadi , Aldyanto Wibowo Dimas , Itohasi Gutami Nanda , Shabrina Nurul , Sadiah Siti , Ajidarmo Kusno
Published: February 2024

Indonesia as a tropical country has abundant potential of solar energy. The Indonesian government is very serious about implementing efforts towards net zero emissions which are continuously encouraged. Using solar energy is one of the solutions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions use of fossil fuels. One of the efforts made is to apply technology to replace the propulsion system of ships powered by fossil fuel engines to electricity from solar energy. This research takes the case of a conventional engine-powered “Sandek” fishing boat converted to a solar-powered electric motor in West Sulawesi. The aim is to compare the level of profit and return on investment before and after conventional motor ships are replaced with electric powered ships. The research method used is a descriptive method with investment parameters including NPV, IRR, and Payback Period. The results hopefully can be used as a reference for investment who will develop the transition from conventional motor boats to electric boats. The conclusions of this research can be used as a model for the sustainable use of electric fishing boats in Indonesia.
Research on the effect of microelement salt with fertilizer
Authors: Makhkamova Dilnoza , Turayev Zokirjon , Kucharov Bakhrom
Published: February 2024

The visual-polythermal method was used to study the solubility of components in the ZnSO4 – (NH4)2SO4 – H2O system over the temperature interval of -22.0°С to +36.1°С. Solubility and characteristics of the constituents of the system at different temperatures and concentrations were studied to show the physicochemical interactions between zinc sulfate and ammonium sulfate. The phase description delineates the areas of ice crystallization, (NH4)2SO4, ZnSO4ꞏ(NH4)2SO4ꞏ6H2O, and ZnSO4. A solubility diagram was drawn and a new compound, ZnSO4ꞏ(NH4)2SO4ꞏ6H2O, was isolated. The system ZnSO4 – (NH4)2SO4 – H2O was investigated using thirteen inner sections. At the double and triple points of the system, the equipoise composition of solutions and crystallization temperatures were clarified. The analysis was carried out using contemporary physicochemical analysis methods to confirm the identity of the obtained compound. Analytical data on physicochemical changes, thermal stability and chemical decomposition of the ZnSO4ꞏ(NH4)2SO4ꞏ6H2O sample with temperature change were presented. All the diffractographic changes in the X-ray pattern of a new compound, in particular, the set of distances between the planes, the activation of their reflection angles, and the diffraction lines confirm the individuality of the new compound.
Priority areas for increasing the competitiveness of small businesses
Authors: Bustonov Mansurjon M.
Published: February 2024

In the context of growing global competition, a lot of scientific research is being conducted in the world on using the potential of small businesses and private entrepreneurship to ensure competitiveness. Factors determining the potential of small businesses and private entrepreneurship, their impact on the level of competitiveness, opportunities for use in the interests of developing the national economy, improving the mechanism ensuring the competitive advantages of real opportunities and potential of small businesses and private entrepreneurship in the global market, developing alternative business models, introducing effective methods for the development of small businesses and private entrepreneurship in the context of digitalization, while using the achievements of modern science and practice is one of the priority areas of scientific research in this area. Effective implementation of these tasks requires accelerating work to improve the competitiveness of light industry enterprises.
Technology for separating powdered materials from petroleum coke using a two-rotor gravity classifier
Authors: Abdunazarov Fahriddin , Khudaiberdiev Abdusalom
Published: February 2024

After refining petroleum products, a lot of petroleum coke residue remains. From year to year, the amount of coke on the planet is increasing, and scientists around the world are looking for ways to rationally use the remaining petroleum coke. Many oil refineries process heavy portions of petroleum products. Most often, new technologies are associated with the emergence of new by-products. The article highlights a new two-rotor technology for a gravity classifier for producing powder materials from petroleum coke. Petroleum coke powder is considered a necessary raw material for many industries. The main goal is to obtain a dispersed composition of coke based on new technologies and use it in many industries. Fine powder materials are considered the most important for industry.
On the issue of software for environmental information systems
Authors: Gonchar Daria , Nikulinа Svetlana , Fateeva Natalia , Belova Joanna , Vasyukov Alexander , Tishchenko Ksenia
Published: February 2024

The increase in the number of sources of pollutants into the atmospheric air is one of the largest environmental problems in the modern world. In order to control emissions of harmful substances, calculations of maximum permissible concentrations of pollutants are used. Calculations of emission sources and maximum permissible concentrations are quite complex, and it is impractical to carry them out manually, since the calculation process takes a lot of time, while there is a high probability of errors. To simplify such a task, special software tools are used – unified programs for calculating atmospheric pollution (UPRZA). The article is devoted to the issues of increasing the level of automation of calculations of emission sources and maximum permissible concentrations using UPRZA. The issues of the standard structure of the UPRSA are considered, input parameters, algorithms for calculating the parameters of the emission source and maximum permissible concentrations are determined in accordance with the methods used. Methods of increasing the level of automation are proposed. The analysis of possible ways of development of these software complexes is carried out. The article describes the process of developing a unified program for calculating atmospheric pollution, the main advantages of its application.
Calculation of the nominal power and electrical energy of the hydro power plant on an electronic calculator
Authors: Zaripov Odiljon O. , Nimatov Samad J. , Tovboev Akram N. , Eralieva Yulduzkhon M. , Zaripova Shakhlo O. , Zakirov Marat A. , Nomozova Dilnoza M. , Akhmedov Jaloliddin T.
Published: February 2024

Today, approximately 70.4% of the electricity produced in the world is provided by thermal power plants, 15.2% by hydropower plants, and 14.4% by solar, wind and other types of power plants. This indicator produces approximately 87 % of electricity in the Republic of Uzbekistan by thermal power plants, 10.2% by hydropower plants, and 2,8% by solar and wind power plants. It can be seen that meeting the needs of electricity on a global scale is mainly done through fossil resources. The sharp decline of underground reserves, now requires the need to find a solution to the problem of creating alternative energy sources. For this reason, the problem of electric energy is also serious in the Republic of Uzbekistan, and the cheapest electricity is obtained through hydroelectric power stations. The reason is that 1 kW of electricity received through hydroelectric power stations is 295 soums.
Effect of stimulants to photosynthetic and symbiotic activity of indigofera tinctoria L. Plant
Authors: Yakubov Gayrat , Negmatova Surayyo , Nurullaeva Manzura , Yakubov Shuhrat , Kuvandiqova Darmonjon
Published: February 2024

The article describes the application period and standards of various stimulants on photosynthetic and symbiotic activity of the nontraditional leguminous plant Indigofera (Indigofera tinctoria L.) during its cultivation in the conditions of the meadow alluvial soils of the Khorezm region of the northern are of Republic of Uzbekistan. When Indigofera is applied with Geohumat stimulator for at the rate of 1.0 l/t along with planting and 1.6 l/ha during the 3-4 true leaves and pruning periods of the growing season, the intensity of development increased, and it has been substantiated that the area of the leaf surface in one plant was 3675.0 cm2, compared to the control variant without the stimulant was 1286.3 cm2/plant. and 397.5 cm2/plant compared to the variant where Geohumat stimulator was used only with planting, photosynthetic potential has increased up to 92766.0 cm2/plant. In addition, when Geohumat stimulator is applied at acceptable rates along with planting and during the period of 3-4 true leaves of the growing season, up to 70 nodular bacteria are formed in one Indigofera root, and its positive effect on improving soil fertility is explained.
Justification of the use of apple powder in the production technology of crunchy bread
Authors: Pyanikova Elvira , Kovaleva Anna , Evdokimova Oxana , Evdokimov Nikita , Ivanova Tamara
Published: February 2024

The use of apple powder and a grain mixture in a composition with whole-grain flour in the recipe of crisp bread makes it possible to obtain a product enriched with valuable substances. The introduction of enriching components into the recipe allows for the adjustment of the technology of the non-paired method of production of crisp bread: to reduce the fermentation process by increasing the rate of acid formation in the dough. Apple powder in the recipe was introduced in terms of replacing flour and completely replacing sugar. In order to obtain optimal organoleptic parameters of the finished product, the ratio of prescription components was experimentally selected. The introduced components made it possible to improve the structural and mechanical properties of the dough. During the experiment, recipes for crisp bread with different amounts of apple powder were developed: 10% (sample No. 1), 15% (sample No. 2) and 20% (sample No. 3). Due to the introduction of apple powder and grain mixture, not only the vitamin and mineral composition of crisp bread is improved, the cooking process is intensified by reducing the fermentation process of the dough (reduced by 2 times).
Actual problems of production of functional and specialized food products in the food industry
Authors: Evdokimova Oxana , Evdokimov Nikita , Goncharova Irina , Butenko Inna , Pyanikova Elvira , Kovaleva Anna
Published: February 2024

The Russian Federation includes 89 regions in which, in accordance with climate and environmental factors, the predisposition of the population to various types of diseases is revealed. A measure to prevent these diseases is the development of biologically active additives, functional and specialized food products. The problem of morbidity of one of the regions of the Russian Federation was studied. This was based on the example of the population of the Orel region where the greatest increase in diseases of the digestive system was detected. The legislative framework of the Russian Federation allows for the production of functional products, but the lack of economic incentives for food industry enterprises and trade organizations does not contribute to the promotion of existing developments and formulations of such products in the consumer market. It is proposed at regional level to reduce the tax rate on functional food products and reduce selling prices. It is recommended to the enterprises of the food and processing industry to enrich food products with biologically active additives. To create scientific and technological centers with the involvement of health authorities, food and processing industry and trade enterprises to develop functional and specialized food products and bring them to consumers.
Application of non-traditional raw materials in the production of low-humidity bakery products
Authors: Kireeva Olga , Lazareva Tatiana , Murlenkov Nikita , Berezina Natalya , Yarkina Marina , Zhuchkov Sergey , Kryukov Vladimir , Safronova Oksana , Kuznetsova Elena Anatol'yevna , Kuznetsova Elena Aleksandrovna
Published: February 2024

Recently, the use of non-traditional plant components as a functional ingredient in the development of fortified products for healthy and therapeutic nutrition has been very relevant. An analysis was carried out of the influence of the type of functional additive from brown algae and blackcurrant pomace powder on the organoleptic and physico-chemical properties of bakery products of reduced importance - wafer bread. A decrease in dough density, an increase in humidity and wetness of finished products was established when functional ingredients were added to the wafer bread recipe. An increase in the acidity of the experimental samples of enriched wafer breads was noted in comparison with the control sample. An increase in the acidity of the experimental samples of enriched wafer breads was noted in comparison with the control sample with a slight change in their organoleptic characteristics. A high content of iodine and dietary fiber in new types of bakery products with reduced humidity has been established.
Analysis of raw material sources for a plant-based milk alternative from almonds
Authors: Eshonturaev Abdulaziz , Sodiqova Shoira
Published: February 2024

Plant-based alternative milks are mainly obtained by dry and wet grinding of raw materials. In both cases, it is extracted with water and filtered to remove large particles and residues of the technological process. Although there are many differences and changes in the technological processes in the production of plant milks, the traditional process on an industrial scale is the same as above. In this article, the importance and prospects of milk alternatives based on plant sources are discussed, and the raw material potential of almonds used in the production of plant milks in Uzbekistan is studied. In this research work, the 7 cheapest local varieties of almonds in the local markets were selected. Also, the properties of common almond varieties in the country were studied and optimal varieties were selected for obtaining almond milk. The chemical properties of selected promising varieties were studied in laboratory conditions and the obtained results were discussed. The physical and chemical characteristics of local varieties studied for obtaining almond milk are presented in the tables.
Clinical and biochemical parameters of broiler chickens on the background of application of probiotic feed additive “BACELL-M®”
Authors: Mikhailov Evgeny V. , Bolotova Valeria S. , Krutov Ilya O.
Published: February 2024

The paper presents the results of the study of morphobiochemical, clinical-zootechnical and histological parameters of the organism of broiler chickens of KOBB-500 cross against the background of application of probiotic supplement “BACELL-M®”. The poultry population (n=10) was divided according to the principle of pair-analogs into experimental (n=5), with inclusion of probiotic additive in the diet and control (n=5) groups - diet without probiotic additive. Both groups were fed with “BEST®” brand mixed fodder. It is found that introduction of this additive into the diet of broiler chickens of the experimental group in the dosage of 100g of probiotic additive per 1 kg of mixed fodder improves general blood parameters, histological development of organs and directly affects productivity in the form of weight gain in comparison with the control group of birds. Due to the introduction of the studied additive in the diet of young poultry blood parameters were in the range of norm, in clinical and zootechnical parameters productivity was higher, as well as the additive improved the growth and development of the spleen. Thus, probiotic additive “BACELL-M®” can be recommended for use in the technology of growing broiler chickens.
Producing the processes of obtaining functional drinks based on medicinal plants extract
Authors: Akramjanovna Dilorom S. , Aripova Kamola O.
Published: February 2024

The article presents the results of experiments on the development of technology for the preparation of natural medicinal drinks based on extracts of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.). The creation of technology for the production of therapeutic and prophylactic food products with the addition of plant extracts rich in biologically active substances is aimed at public health in the country and the world. The optimal conditions for the extraction of silymarin and silybin from crushed milk thistle seeds were determined: the concentration of ethyl alcohol is 80%; temperature 70°С; duration of the extraction process 60 min; the ratio of raw materials and extractant 1:20.
Results of grapes storage studies
Authors: Islomov Yorqin , Yazdonov Ulug’bek , Tashtemirov Bekzod , Akramova Aziza , Islomov Nurali
Published: February 2024

The article presents the main results on the influence of grapes on the human body, the influence of various drugs on the quality of grape storage and the where grapes are grown. The research methods, results of storage and their analysis of Rizamat and Khusaini grape varieties collected in private farms of the Akdarya region are presented. The main indicators are determined (average weight of a bunch, weight of berries, ridges, skins and number of berries), weight loss, scree, waste and general losses after three months of storage in special storage facilities are also determined. The research results showed that the Husaini grape variety has a bunch weight higher than that of the Rizamat variety by 6.8%. For high-quality storage of grapes at home, the refrigerator temperature should be within 0±1°C and air humidity 90-93%. In addition, the use of SO2 during storage affects the natural loss of weight and fall of grapes. Storing grapes grown at home is relevant today, but requires further research.
Non-traditional ways of enriching flour and bread products based on local plant raw materials
Authors: Khashimova Nazira , Khashimov Hakimjon , Dzhakhangirova Gulnoza , Baymirzaev Dilmurod
Published: February 2024

This article provides information on measures to prevent micronutrient deficiency, which is one of the important problems of the population. The purpose of the research work is to determine the phytochemical composition of the green peel of locally produced walnuts and justify their use for the enrichment of flour products. Its quality is checked in accordance with the established requirements of state standards. Indicators of the level of toxicological safety of walnut peel greens were determined according to generally accepted methods in accordance with the requirements of Sanitary Rules, Norms and Hygiene Standards of the Republic of Uzbekistan. According to the results of a laboratory study, the amount of toxic heavy metals and pesticides in raw materials did not exceed the normative indicators, no harmful compounds were noted. The data obtained indicate that the studied raw material complies with the regulatory requirements of toxicological safety. The microbiological composition of the studied raw materials was determined by growing substrates on agar media under conditions favorable for the growth of a colony of microorganisms, and then the species composition and amount of microflora were determined by phase-contrast microscopy.
Winter hardiness of apple clonal rootstocks in Southern Cisbaikalia
Authors: Rachenko Maxim , Rachenko Anna , Kiseleva Elena
Published: February 2024

The paper presents the results of a study of apple clonal rootstocks carried out in 2017-2022 in the trial plots located in the Irkutsk region. The objects of the study were clonal rootstocks from various scientific institutions. The conducted fieldwork allows us to state that the ecological conditions of the Southern Cisbaikalia are generally favorable for the use of clonal rootstocks in the regional horticulture. It was found that the most adaptive forms of all the studied clonal rootstocks are the rootstocks of the Ural selection (Ural and Ural 2) and the rootstock of the Estonian selection (E-56). The clonal rootstocks 70-6-8, Arm18, and K-2 withstood winter worst of all. According to the fieldwork results, the rest of the rootstocks showed medium winter hardiness. As a result of laboratory freezing experiments, E-56 high winter hardiness was confirmed. The study of cultivar-rootstock combinations showed good compatibility of clonal rootstocks with semi-cultivated apple trees. The variety and type of the rootstock were statistically proven to affect the degree of temperature damage to fruit trees. The clonal rootstocks with high winter hardiness and those with medium winter hardiness and high recovery ability were selected for further breeding work.
Dynamic simulation of force loading of drives of mobile power facilities with variable external resistance
Authors: Matmurodov Farkhod M. , Daminov Oybek O. , Sobirov Bozorboy Sh. , Abdurakxmanova Muattar M. , Atakhanov Fakhriddin ugli M.
Published: February 2024

The article describes dynamical simulation of the transfer of power load parameters from the engine to the final mechanism on a mobile power source under external variable loads. Using the dynamic model developed by the authors the kinematic and power characteristics of each intermediate mechanism can be found.
An ergonomic system for forecasting forest fires and the peculiarities of their spread in the conditions of man-made development of the world
Authors: Kuzmenko Alexander , Filippova Lyudmila , Martynenko Alexey , Akimutina Anna , Andronov Michael
Published: February 2024

This paper deals with the development of an ergonomic system for forecasting wild fires and the features of their spread, which is the object of research. The objective of the study is to make a full-fledged system for forecasting and determining the features of wild fire spread. To achieve this objective, the following tasks are solved: to carry out a comparative analysis of existing systems for forecasting the spread of wild fires in order to identify the disadvantages and advantages of these systems; based on the analysis of existing systems, put forward requirements for the ergonomic system being developed; to develop the structure of a neural network capable of forecasting the spread of wild fires in accordance with the requirements; generate a data set for training and testing the developed neural network and test its operation. To solve the tasks, techniques of analyzing large data sets are used, for example, Data Mining, regression analysis, machine learning, data processing methods such as filtering, augmentation, and others. The practical relevance of this paper lies in the fact that the developed system can be used as an auxiliary system at environmental protection enterprises.
Ergonomic system of forecasting and analysis of the probability of atmospheric air pollution by emissions of enterprises in the conditions of technogenic development of the world
Authors: Kuzmenko Alexander , Filippov Rodion , Filippova Lyudmila , Terekhov Maxim , Vershkov Pavel
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the problem of air pollution and its impact on human health and the environment. The paper considers methods of air pollution analysis based on the use of neural networks, taking into account the variety of data from the Internet. The authors emphasize the different effects of pollutants depending on the type, duration and level of exposure, as well as other factors, including individual risks to human health and the combined effects of different pollutants and stress factors. Special attention is paid to the two most common types of air pollution - smog and soot. The uneven distribution of the negative effects of air pollution, which are most often felt in low-income and colored communities, as well as the Air quality Index (AQI) developed by the Environmental Protection Agency, which informs the population about the current state of atmospheric air and its impact on human health, are considered separately. As a result of the work, the criteria for analyzing air quality, including pollution parameters and weather conditions, are presented, and the structure of future data is developed.
Mathematical modeling of the magnetic field in the vicinity of narrow capillaries
Authors: Kopyltsov Aleksandr , Dyuzhikova Natalia
Published: February 2024

A mathematical model of the magnetic field, which is generated by negative charges located on the outer side of the red blood cell (RBC) membrane, has been constructed. When modeling, the geometric (area, volume) and physical (speed, number of revolutions per second, charge, number of charges on the membrane) characteristics of a red blood cell in a narrow capillary are taken into account. Computer calculations made it possible to find the magnetic field strength near a single RBC rolling along a narrow capillary. Calculations were also carried out to determine the magnetic field strength in the vicinity of a capillary through which several RBCs move. The dependence of the maximum magnetic field strength on the distances between RBCs (hematocrit) was found. In particular, it is shown that at distances from the capillary equal to 8 capillary diameters, the maximum magnetic field intensity changes on average by 1.3 times with an increase in hematocrit by 1.5 times (from 12.27% to 18.25%).
To the organization of branded technical service of agricultural equipment
Authors: Chepurin Aleksandr , Chepurina Ekaterina , Kushnareva Darya , Temasova Galina , Cherkasova Elmira
Published: February 2024

Features of the functioning of the technical service system of technological and transport machines and equipment, low quality and efficiency of equipment supplied to agricultural enterprises, technical services require urgent improvement of the system and mechanisms to increase the level of reliability and operability of the operated and new (supplied) equipment. The paper presents and substantiates the principles of improving the organization of technical service of machinery and equipment in the modern conditions of the functioning of the agro-industrial complex.
Smoothness assurance of the restorable surface of the cones of drill bits by cubic splines
Authors: Akhmedov Yunus , Sharipov Kakhramon
Published: February 2024

The article covers the issues of the application of the spline functions in engineering practice, in particular, in the design of cone drill bits. The polynomial splines, which most commonly used in computational methods are also described. It is also expedient to indicate three important advantages of the spline function for describing the design of cone drill bits. Obtaining a unified mathematical equation for the technical surface of the cones of drill bits is a routine work. The construction of a cubic spline causes difficulties due to the determination of the parameters of the spline, which requires the solution of a system of linear algebraic equations. At the same time, the constructed splines provide second-order smoothness in any direction of the surface line. Further splines of the fifth degree which is reduced to solving a complex system of equations have been developed.
Modeling optimization problems when training engineering specialists using intelligent training systems
Authors: Polevshchikov Ivan , Blagoveshchensky Ivan
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the development of computer training tools for engineering specialists in the food industry. A method has been developed for modeling optimization problems for exercises in an intelligent training complex when training engineering specialists. The method differs from the known ones in many parameters that determine the properties of the optimization problems being studied for simulating these problems in the virtual environment. A method has been developed for modeling the complexity levels of exercises in intelligent training complex based on the parameters of optimization problems for adaptive training of specialists. The method differs from the known ones by using a dynamic set of parameters that determine the complexity of the structure of the optimization problem in the exercise, the complexity of the process of performing the exercise based on the properties of the simulated problem. The obtained research results in a practical aspect make it possible to create universal intelligent training complex for modeling optimization problems by production processes, considering the specifics of these tasks, instead of creating a new training complex for each topic or discipline being studied, which helps reduce the labor intensity of creating training courses for training specialists.
Influence of anthropogenic factors on anatomo-morphological and physiological indices of needles of common pine trees
Authors: Uromova Irina , Dedyura Irina , Pimanova Natalia , Novik Irina , Dydykina Marina , Tkacheva Gulnara
Published: February 2024

The article presents the results of the influence of anthropogenic factors on the changes in anatomo-morphological and physiological features of the structure of pine needles (Pinus sylvestris L.) growing in different habitat conditions in Kstovo, Nizhny Novgorod region. Necrosis and desiccation of needles in places with the most intensive motor transport traffic exceeded the control variant by 30.0-72.0 %, respectively. The experimental variant showed changes in the anatomical structure of pine leaf: epidermis thickness increased (by 60%), the area of assimilation tissue decreased by 34.6%, the diameter of resin passages decreased (by 5.0%) and their number (by 60.0%), the distance between conductive bundles (by 26.7%) and their diameter (by 37.8%), compared to the control variant. Under conditions of anthropogenic load, changes in the pigment composition of pine needles were observed: the content of chlorophyll a decreased by 9.1%, chlorophyll b - increased by 29.1%, carotenoids did not change, compared to the control variant. Thus, the results obtained expand the understanding of morphology, anatomy and pigment composition of needles of common pine growing under urban conditions. Quantitative changes in these indicators depend on the growing area.
Method of autoregression in application of singular-spectral analysis of time series for forecasting production of oil and gas industry products
Authors: Zhukov Aleksandr , Zhurenkov Denis , Basalaeva Yuliya , Gedzyun Victor , Kartsan Igor , Dementeva Iuliia
Published: February 2024

More and more time series data are produced in various fields. It provides data for the research of time series analysis method, and promotes the development of time series research. Due to the generation of highly complex and large-scale time series data, the construction of forecasting models for time series data brings greater challenges. The theoretical aspects of using the model of singular-spectral analysis of time series with the use of autoregression are considered, and the justification of the expediency of using this model for forecasting the production of products for both the oil and gas industry and dual-use products is given. Both autoregressive model and decision tree model can be applied with the same degree of reliability for forecasting aggregate values of production.
Unification of requirements for the use of reagents for the treatment of sewage sludge from urban sewage treatment plants
Authors: Sambursky Georgiy , Shkaredo Victoria , Epstein Alexander , Maximova Angelina , Epifanova Margarita
Published: February 2024

This paper describes the experience of unification of requirements for the use of natural and synthetic reagents at all stages of wastewater sludge treatment. The practical necessity of this study is due to the tightening of environmental requirements around the world and the increasingly active introduction of closed-loop technologies of the economy. To date, products from sewage sludge are unclaimed not only by construction and road enterprises, but also by municipalities, which could more actively use the soil for landscaping urban areas. The most promising in terms of results and costs is the use of reagents at all stages of wastewater sludge treatment. Their use makes it possible to significantly reduce the costs of such technological processes as dehydration and stabilization. Reagents are an indispensable component in modern approaches to composting and disinfection.
Raising sheep in environmentally friendly conditions of Eastern Transbaikalia
Authors: Ladugina Lyudmila , Khoroshailo Tatyana , Alekseeva Yulia , Svitenkо Oleg
Published: February 2024

A comprehensive assessment was carried out on a population of purebred sheep of the Trans-Baikal breed of the intra-breed Hangilsky type. 7985 heads were subject to a comprehensive assessment, of which there were 5211 heads of ewes, 859 heads of overage ewes, 1832 heads of 1.5- year-old ewes, 41 heads of main and sample breeding rams and 42 heads of replacement rams. The sheep were assessed in the second half of June 2022. before shearing, according to the “Procedure and conditions for the assessment of breeding sheep of fine-fleece, semi-fine-fleece breeds and breeds of meat productivity” dated 10/05/2010 No. 335, as amended from 05/30/2013 No. 235. As a result, the characteristics of the herd were comprehensively studied and given Khangil meat-haired type of the Transbaikal breed. The assessment data showed that the flock of sheep in question was represented mainly by animals of the desired type. The examined adult population of sheep had a strong, dense constitution, which was expressed, first of all, in a lightweight, but slightly rough skeleton and dense, fairly thin skin, which produces rather thick, thin wool.