bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Autopsy Case of Weber‐Christian's Disease Associated with Granulocytopenia
Authors: Fukuoka Yoshiaki , Ito Nobuyuki , Takeda Yoshiro
Published: January 2009

An autopsy was performed on a 16 years old female who had complained of recurrent attacks of subcutaneous nodules with high fever, and granulocytopenia. Non‐suppurative inflammatory changes were presented in the adipose tissue of the subcutaneous, omenteric, mesenteric, peripancreatic, perirenal, and periadrenal regions. The liver showed enlargement with fatty degeneration. The liver, spleen, and the mesenteric lymph nodes had been invaded with many foamy macrophages and some multinucleated giant cells.

The bone marrow revealed a denned retardation of maturity of granulocytic series by infiltration of macrophages. Under the above findings this case may be included in the type of systemic nodular panniculitis by Steinberg.
7 Fälle von Plasmozytome
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroshi , Ito Tetsuo
Published: January 2009

In diesen Jahhren haben wir einez unehmende Zahl des Beispielsfalls von Pasmozytome auch bei uns in Japan. Und obwohl es noch eine Frage bleibt, ob wir diese Tatsache als wirkliche Zunahme der Krankheit annehmen können, wollen wir hier ihre 7 Fälle berichten, die wir neulich beobachten. Wir bemerken an ihrer klinischen Diagnose zuerst den Schmerz und Anämie, die der Destruktion des Knochensubstanzes entspringen, geringe Leukozytose und die Beschleunigung der Blutsenkungsgeschwindigkeit, es sind aber vor allem der Elektrophorese‐Diagram des Serums und die Erscheinung der Paraprotein im Harn, die mit der Krankheit am engsten zusammenhängen. Trotzdem müssen wir darauf achten, daß diese zwei bezeichenden Befunde seltenerweise ausbleiben können (Tbb. 1, 2).
An Autopsy Case of Mycosis Fungoides
Authors: Yokoro Kenjiro , Takemoto Hiroyuki
Published: January 2009

1. A case of mycosis fungoides affecting the skin and tongueal mucous membrane is described.

2. Pathologic nature in this case is considered to be of a neoplastic nature rather than an inflammation.
“An Autopsy Case of So‐called Rhinitis Necroticans Progressiva”
Authors: Hosokawa Syuji , Ono Kanji , Imamura Yoshiaki
Published: January 2009

1. An autopsy of a 49 years old woman was carried out, showing a wide spread necrosis in the oral and upper respiratory tract. The clinical diagnosis was so‐called “rhinitis necroticans progressiva”.

2. Histological appearance of the necrotic mass and the surgical material revealed neoplastic features of undifferentiated reticulosarcoma.

3. By bacteria cultivation of the necrotic mass, Candida albicans was detected, but these were not found in the tissue.

4. Statistical observations on this disease were discussed from various view points.
Primary Sarcoma in the Diverticulum of the Bladder Which Formed a Large Metastatic Retroperitoneal Tumor. Report of a case with autopsy
Authors: Uno Hiroharu , Umehara Yutaka
Published: January 2009

A case of primary sarcoma in the diverticulum of the bladder is presented. A metastatic tumor was found macroscopically in the retroperitoneal region. Histologically, the diagnosis was polymorphous sarcoma.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS WITH PICTURES OF NEUROMYELITIS OPTICA
Authors: AOKI Toshio , SEKI Masatoshi , TOTSUKAy Shiro
Published: January 2009

The clinical pictures have indicated those of neuromyelits optica, however, the foregoing observations would appear to indicate that this case may by considered one of multiple sclerosis with cavity formation in the optic chiasm and in the cervical segments of the spinal cord.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF HYPERVITAMINOSIS D†
Authors: Kimura Kakuhei , Nozawa Yukio , Kitamura Shiro , Takahashi Hedeaki , Ota Michio , Norimatsu Hiromichi , Wada Hiroyoshi
Published: January 2009

An autopsy case of hypervitaminosis D was reported, in which vitamin D, 500×104 I.U., was administrated during a 6 months period and the patient died of uremia. Calcium was found to be deposited in the kidneys, lungs stomach, heart, blood vessels and esophagus. The mechanism involvoved in the calcium deposition was discussed.
DYSGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA ASSOCIATED WITH AFFECTION OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND APPEARANCE OF ATYPICAL LYMPHOCYTES IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD
Authors: Morikawa Shigeru , Chen Shih Tse , Okamoto Eiichi , Oka Masanori
Published: January 2009

An autopsy case of dysgammaglobulinemia associated with affection of the central nervous system in a 61‐year‐old male was reported. Close similarity of the findings to those of the case reported by Bichel et al. was noticed. The abnormal protein observed in this case was proved to belong to IgG by ultracentrifugation, immunoelectrophoresis and fractionation on DEAE‐cellulose column.

Histological characteristics were remarkable infiltration of mononuclear cells including plasma cells, proliferative changes of the vessel walls in several organs, such as the lymph nodes, spleen, lungs, etc., and demyelinating lesions were found in the central nervous system. lmmunofluorescent study revealed the presence of human y‐globulin in the infiltrates in various organs. Subacute or chronic infection by an unknown agent or hypersensitivity is suggested.
A CASE OF RENOVASCULAR HYPERTENSION CAUSED BY AORTITIS OF TAKAYASU'S TYPE
Authors: Kihara Itaru , Fujimaki Shigeo
Published: January 2009

A case of aortitis of Takayasu's type was reported. The distribution of the lesions was not confined to the thoracic, but extended to the abdominal aorta and their major branches. Most severely affected arteries were the left subclavian and the left renal arteries, and the abdominal aorta was remarkably narrowed. The patient's clinical course was exclusively that of a renovascular hypertension and the patient died of its malignant phase. There were necrotizing angitis distributed in several organs and unilateral malignant nephrosclerosis of the right kidney. The juxtaglomerular granular indices were O for the right and 186 for the left.

The association of renovascular involvement and difference in weight of two kidneys were discussed. Renovascular hypertension appeared to be not infrequently associated with this disease, although little attention has hitherto been paid to the condition. ACTA PATH. JAP.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF STUNTED GROWTH WITH FATTY LIVER CIRRHOSIS, HEPATOMA, HYPOGONADISM, OSTEOPOROSIS AND LIPID PNEUMONIA
Authors: Ojima Akitsugu , Aoki Atsushi , Shimokawa Kuniyasu , Mizushima Mutsue , Note Shinya , Tokimitsu Naoki , Takai Tetsu , Nishioka Kiyoharu
Published: January 2009

An autopsy case of a short statured (140.5 cm), normally proportioned 31‐yearold woman who had had hypogonadism, abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, glycosuria, and osteoporosis was presented. There were also fatty liver cirrhosis with hepatoma and lipid pneumonia. The possible relationship between the signs and symptoms during life and pathological changes has been discussed. ACTA PATH. JAP. 18: 171–184, 1968.
A HITHERTO UNREPORTED VASCULAR TUMOR OF THE KIDNEY: A PROPOSAL OF ‘JUXTAGLOMERULAR CELL TUMOR’
Authors: Kihara Itaru , Kitamura Shiro , Hoshino Tsuneo , Seida Hitoshi , Watanabe Teieo
Published: January 2009

A well encapsulated round tumor was found in the kidney nephrectomized from a young hypertensive woman. The main body of the tumor was composed of small vessels similar in caliber to the glomerular afferent arterioles and polygonal cells derived from them inbetween. These cells contained characteristic granules demonstrable by the Bowie's procedure. Histological assumption of a renin‐producing tumor was substantiated by the demonstration of plasma renin activities before and after the surgery. The patient's blood pressure returned immediately to normal after nephrectomy. A term of ‘iuxtaglomerular cell tumor’ was proposed to this hitherto unreported tumor. ACTA PATH. JAP. 18: 197–206, 1968.
FIBROSIS WITH BILE DUCT PROLIFERATION IN RAT LIVER BY ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF EXCESS GLUCOSE‐CYSTEINE*
Authors: Miyasaki Kichihei , Funabiki Toshiyuki
Published: January 2009

Cysteine, a sulphur‐containing amino acid, is chemically unstable, being readily oxidized to become cystine. Stabilization of cysteine was, therefore, achieved by preparing a mixture with glucose and a large amount of this preparation (3–0.5 g/kg) was orally administered into rats daily for a prolonged period (3–6 months). Through administration of such a large dose, fibrosis was noted in the liver together with occasional proliferation of cholangioles. No marked change was noted in the total lipid content of the liver. ACTA PATH. JAP. 18: 249–266, 1968.
TERATOGENIC EFFECTS OF ACTINOMYCIN‐D ON ddO MOUSE EMBRYOS
Authors: Haruta Michio , Akamatsu Yasuuki , Ikegami Ryoichi
Published: January 2009

Three consecutive days injection of pregnant ddO female mice with actinomycin‐D (ACT‐D) saline solution was carried out on a variable time schedule, from the 1st to 15th day of gestation. Fetuses were examined on the 18th day of gestation, revealing the following results.

The sensitive period for malformation is from the 4th to 8th day of gestation with incidences of 31.7%‐3.3% in 2.5 μg ACT, and of 3.3%‐1.6% in 1.25 μg ACT.

Malformations induced by ACT are celosomia, anophthalmia, fissure of the mandibula, open eyelids, small external ear, etc. Celosomia is the most outstanding feature with 22 of the 23 malformed fetuses (95.7%) showing this condition.

Malformed fetuses are smaller in average body weight than the normal ones.

Malformations of the bones observed in 260 fetuses consist of fissure of the jaw I, sphenoideal fissure I, abnormal curves of the ribs 4, and separation of vertebral arch of the first cervical vertebra 2. These changes are not related to the period of ACT treatment.

Over‐all malformations of the bones are frequently seen on the 5th‐7th day and the 12th–15th day of gestation. ACTA PATH. JAP. 18: 267–286, 1968.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE INTERACTION BETWEEN ANTI‐TYPE B STREPTOCOCCAL ANTIBODY AND THE ANIMAL HEART TISSUE*
Authors: Kyogoku Masahisa
Published: January 2009

The interaction between the antibody against A‐group β‐streptococci (T6S43) and the heart muscle in vivo and in vitro were studied using several immunological techniques.

The localization pattern of the anti‐streptococcus antibody on the heart muscle was different from that of other tissues in vivo, where the antibody was always limited to the stroma, vascular bed or macrophages. In the heart, the antibody was localized first on the smooth muscle of the vascular wall, then passed through it to the surrounding stromal connective tissue and attacked the adjacent heart muscle cells. The antibody was first localized on the outer surface of cell membrane, and after several hours it passed through some part of the membrane and filled up the cytoplasma. It was localized on the interpaces of myofibrils, especially on the mitochondria and other microbodies. In vitro (tissue culture) studies revealed a moderate cytotoxicity of the antibody globulin. The mode of toxic injuries seemed to be varied among the three fractions of antibody globulins; α, β and γ‐globulin.

Any kind of stimuli to the knee joint considerably increased the rate of antibody localization to the joint tissue and was followed by severe exudations. It was just a temporal phenomenon, however, and returned to a normal range after 48 hours.

Possible analogy of these phenomena to the human rheumatic fever was discussed. ACTA PATH. JAP. 18: 287–306, 1968.
AUTORADIOGRAPHIC STUDIES ON THE CELL PROLIFERATION OF THE HUMAN GASTRIC MUCOSA IN SUPRAVITAL CONDITION
Authors: Tanaka Junichi
Published: January 2009

Cell proliferation kinetics of human gastric mucosa was studied on the 56 cases of various diseases using supravital method of 3H‐TdR autoradiography. Normal‐appearing portions and adjacent area to the lesion were subjected to calculation of labeling and mitotic indices and to analysis of proliferating patterns of the mucosa l epithelium.

The average indices, both labeling and mitotic, were generally higher in the antrum than in others. Higher incorporation of 3H‐† was observed in the mucosa adjacent to the ulcer than that of the cancer, in agreement with increased mitotic activity. Lower uptake in the cancer group might be caused by either prolongation or deterioration of DNA synthesis.

Proliferation compartment was sometimes displaced from the usual site of glandular neck, depending on the process of the disease. The upward type, labeling of surface epithelium, which was frequently found in ulcer cases indicated active regenerating processes. The downward type in which incorporation was scattered in the deeper glandular tubule was seen in a few cancer patients, and this pattern might represent an early sign to neoplastic development. High labeling of goblet cells in intestinalization suggested a particular cytodifferention of those structures. ACTA PATH. JAP. 18: 307–318, 1968.
ESSENTIAL FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEREMIC XANTHOMATO‐SIS — An Autopsy Case with Special Reference to the Pathogenesis of Its Cardiovascular Lipidosis—
Authors: Watanabe Teruo , Tananka Kenzo , Yanai Noboru
Published: January 2009

A typical case of essential familial hypercholesteremic xanthomatosis in a 4y‐ear‐old boy is presented.

Xanthomatous infiltration was observed, not only in the skin and tendons, but also in the thymus, lymph nodes, sternum, renal papilla, lungs and in the brain. Unusually extensive arterial involvements associated with myocardial infarct were observed.

It was suggested that the morphogenesis of the cardiovascular lipidosis in essential familial hypercholesteremic xarithomatosis shared a similarity with that of the aortic lesions in experimental hypercholesteremia in the rabbits, and was considered to be a separate disease entity from the common atherosclerosis during adult age. ACTA PATH. JAP. 18: 319–331, 1968.
A NEW STAINING METHOD FOR DEMONSTRATION OF PVP IN TISSUE SECTION
Authors: Yamashita Masaru , Nakamoto Mitsuo , Matsumoto Noboru , Hosokawa Shuji
Published: January 2009

A new staining method for demonstration of PVP deposited in tissue with use of anthraquinone vat dyes (caledon blue XRN, caledon jade green, caledon gold orange) was described. Caledon blue XRN was the most suitable dye for staining of PVP, because of its specificity of staining and applicability of many counter‐stainings. The probable mechanism of staining was briefly discussed comparing with that of Congo red method. ACTA PATH. JAP. 18: 345–350, 1968.
VIRAL AND CHEMICAL LEUKEMOGENESIS AND HOST CONDITIONING
Authors: Nishizuka Yasuaki
Published: January 2009

To clarify the pathogenesis of murine leukemia of viral and chemical origin, it is necessary to consider certain fundamental observations on host conditioning factors which appear to be responsible for determining the type of leukemia developed and the age of leukemia occurrence. In this short survey the author will present the data of experiments in our laboratory dealing with Gross leukemia in mice and chemical‐induced leukemia in mice and rats.
THE ROLE OF VIRUS IN THE GROWTH OF VIRAL LEUKEMIA CELLS
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroshi , Hosokawa Masuo , Takeichi Noritoshi
Published: January 2009

It is said that ‘Neoplasms can proliferate autonomously without continuation of stimuli’. This is true but also true to say that some virus‐induced tumors are necessary to maintain the causative virus and they can not proliferate without the continuation of virus. The authors have carried out experiments in order to elucidate the role played by viruses in the maintenance of proliferation of virus‐induced neoplastic cells. The leukemia cells employed by the authors were designated as ‘Friend tumors’, which were originated from Friend virus‐induced neoplastic lesions and have been serially transplanted in mice and rats.
RESPONSE OF THE UTERINE SMOOTH MUSCLE CELL TO ESTROGEN STIMULATION: AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC AND AUTORADIOGRAPHIC STUDY*
Authors: Tokuoka Shoji
Published: January 2009

A study of the myometrial smooth muscle cells of the rat and mouse uteri following estrogen administration was undertaken in order to correlate known chemical changes in the estrogen‐stimulated uterus, to possible morphological and/or functional alterations in the myometrial smooth muscle cells.

Shortly after estrogen administration, the smooth muscle cells are considerably enlarged and display nuclear as well as cytoplasmic changes, indicating an accelerated protein synthesis. These changes in the myometrium, in association with similar changes in the endometrial stroma as has been described in our previous report, appear to be one of the major factors influencin& the synthetic accelerations reported on the basis of chemical studies of the estrogen‐stimulated uterus.

Light and electron microscopic autoradiography demonstrates that the smooth muscle cells are most likely to be engaged in the synthesis of collagen for the maintenance of the collagenous component of the myometrial stroma. ACTA PATH. JAP.18: 417–430, 1968.
AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF HUMAN JUXTAGLOMERULAR CELLS
Authors: Ishii Yoshifumi , Fujimoto Teruo
Published: January 2009

An electron microscopic investigation was made on the Juxtaglomerular cells (JC) of human renal glomeruli. This study corroborates the myoepithelioid appearance of JC situated in the wall of the afferent arteriole. These cells contain secretion granules as well as fibrillar bundles similar to myofilaments of the smooth muscle cells, while JC located farthest from the afferent arteriole lack them. In addition, a transitional form from agranular to granular JC is noted. It is presumed that (1) JC have a potency of a two‐way differentiation (muscular and endocrine), and (2) granular JC are derived from agranular JC.

The existence of several types of intercellular Junctions and the occurrence of cilia in human JC have also been demonstrated in the present study.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF SO‐CALLED ACUTE FATTY LIVER OF PREGNANCY
Authors: Iwata Katsumi , Nakagawa Jun , Endoh Toshiaki , Kohgame Shigeki
Published: January 2009

An autopsy case of a 25‐year‐old nulliparous woman who died of acute fatty liver of pregnancy (the so‐called obstetric acute yellow atrophy of Sheehan) was reported. Histology revealed swollen liver cells having droplet‐like or foamy appearance due to intense fatty infiltration. There was no massive necrosis or inflammatory reaction.

The available cases of this disease in the literature were reviewed, and some discussions were made on its pathogenesis.
RUBINSTEIN‐TAYBI'S SYNDROME—A CASE REPORT
Authors: Fukunaga Noboru , Suda Sekito , Ebihara Yoshiroh , Laovoravit Niphon , Laovoravit Mani
Published: January 2009

An autopsy case of Rubinstein‐Taybi's syndrome is described. Since the mental retardation is considered to be a part of the syndrome, central nervous system was carefully examined, illustrating a moderate degree of the cerebral cortical and callosal hypoplasia and diffusely distrlbuted neuronal anoxic changes possibly associated with cardio‐pulmonary insufficiency. As far as the pathognomony of the facio‐osseal deformities, no convinciable causative factors have been obtained.
GENERALIZED CYTOMEGALIC INCLUSION DISEASE IN AN ADULT, WITH PRIMARY SYSTEMIC INVOLVEMENT OF LYMPH NODES—CASE REPORT—
Authors: Shoyama Takashi , Hokano Masami , Watanabe Yobo , Yokoyama Eizo , Sekiguchi Reian , Sumita Kazuomi , Imakire Tokuhiro , Otaka Yuichi
Published: January 2009

A case of generalized cytomegalic inclusion disease in an adult demonstrating clinical features of cytomegalovirus mononucleosis was presented. This condition was proceeded by serious involvement of systemic lymph nodes.

Twenty‐four cases of adult cytomegalic inclusion disease in Japan were analyzed, and the type of involvement, sexual incidence, site of involvement and predisposing conditions were discussed.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY ON THE MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY LESIONS IN HYPERTENSIVE RATS
Authors: Kojimahara Masayasu , Ooneda Genju
Published: January 2009

Changes in the middle cerebral arteries, especially in the media, of rats with experimental hypertension were electron microscopically studied. The animals whose brains showed gross hemorrhage or softening were excluded. Medial lesions were severer than intimal ones. Medial smooth muscle cells exhibited focal cytoplasmic degradation, and most of the necrotic parts were found in autophagic vacuoles. There were also vacuoles which resulted from disposal of the degraded cytoplasm in the autophagic vacuoles. The disposed necrotic parts, discharged out of the cells were seen as vesicles varying in size around the smooth muscle cells. The medial smooth muscle cells became smaller as if torn off, and finally disappeared.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF ALKAPTONURIA WITH OCHRONOSIS
Authors: Nishimori Issei , Itoh Junichi , Hakuno Tohru
Published: January 2009

An autopsy case of alkaptonuria in a 47‐year‐old man is reported. Since childhood, he had noticed black color of his excreted urine. Autopsy revealed characteristic pathologic changes due to alkaptonuria such as ochronosis and ochronotic spondylosis, etc. The primary cause of death was pontine hemorrhage. Histologically, two types of ochronotic pigment were observed. Enzyme activity of homogentisate oxygenase in the liver and kidney homogenate was extremely decreased.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF PROGRESSIVE VACCINIA ASSOCIATED WITH NORMAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN LEVELS
Authors: Maeda Ryuei , Ihara Nobuo , Kanazawa Kokichi , Kono Shuzo
Published: January 2009

Presented here is an autopsy case of progressive vaccinia in which essentially normal immunoglobulin levels had been immunoelectrophoretically detected and the successive administration of gamma‐globulin and whole blood of recently successfully vaccinated adult human had failed to produce satisfactory effects. At autopsy, markedly proliferative lesions in the intestinal lymphoid tissues were found along with occasional focal necroses from which a perforating panperitonitis had arisen.

Histological examination revealed a significant proliferation or infiltration of reticulum cells, atypical mononuclear cells (histiocytic), mono‐ or multinuclear giant cells as well as a fair number of plasma cells associated with a relatively scarce number of lymphocytes in the systemic lymphoid tissues. These clinical and pathological findings lead us to the postulation that the present case may have manifested some defense defects or immune mechanisms against the vaccinia virus in the lymphatic system to produce the characteristic lesion found at autopsy.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON INTERACTION BETWEEN THE GROWTH OF MALIGNANT TUMOR AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCES TO ACID MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES
Authors: Takeuchi Jun
Published: January 2009

In order to study the interaction between connective tissue and cancer cells, the effect of acid mucopolysaccharides on the subcutaneous growth of Ehrlich ascites tumor was investigated.

Chondroitin sulfate was injected subcutaneously into the back of mice, followed immediately by tumor inoculation into the same site. Average tumor weights in chondroitin sulfate‐treated groups were greater than that in control groups, showing statistically significant difference. By means of the same procedure, the effect of chondroitin sulfate and its components on the tumor growth was surveyed quantitatively with various amounts and concentrations, and its activity under the influences of other interstitial components, hydrocortisone and rechallenge was also observed.

Results from this experiment indicated that chondroitin sulfate promoted the tumor growth and appear to show that the proliferation of new connective tissue which produces acid mucopolysaccharides is favorable to the growth of cancer cells. Interaction between connective tissue and tumor growth was discussed from a view‐point of intercellular components.
PROGRESSION OF PULMONARY TUMOR IN MICE 1. HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES OF PRIMARY AND TRANSPLANTED PULMONARY TUMORS*
Authors: Kimura Ikuo
Published: January 2009

Histological and biological observations were carried out on pulmonary tumors in mice which arose in the following four series of experiments: 1) pulmonary tumors in A/Jax and DD strain of mice which developed spontaneously or were induced by a single injection of 3‐methylcholanthrene or 4‐nitroquinoline‐n‐oxide, 2) transplanted pulmonary tumors in the first and second transfer generations, 3) tumorous growth which developed in subcutaneously transplanted lung tissues, and 4) serially transplanted pulmonary tumors in five established lines.

The pulmonary tumor in mice was considered as a progressive tumor and the varieties of histology were classified into five or eight types on the basis of relationship between the histological features and the biological activities. The idea of the progression from benign to malignant stage was presented in the pulmonary tumors in mice by the author for the first time.
CELLULAR SITES OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS
Authors: Chen Shih‐Tse
Published: January 2009

In this examination of 46 inflamed appendices, the relative proportions of mucosal cells containing IgG, IgM, IgA and light polypeptide chains of kappa and lambda immunoglobulins were determined by immunofluorescent staining and the direct counting of the cells.

Immunocytes containing IgA predominated in the stroma of the appendix in all stages of inflammation. IgM‐containing cells were usually scattered and accounted for less than 2% of all fluorescent cells, but were slightly increased in the early stage of inflammation. In the hyperinfective stage of appendicitis, IgG‐containing cells in the mucosa rose to 20% or more. The mucosal columnar epithelium of the appendix was stained by anti‐IgA and anti‐IgM reagents, but no IgG was detected. The distribution and population of cells containing kappa and lambda chains were about 3:2, and showed no significant variation in all the appendices examined.
CELLULAR SITES OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS
Authors: Chen Shih‐Tse , Izui Shozo
Published: January 2009

The proportions of IgG‐, IgA‐, IgM‐ and their k and Λ light polypeptide chain‐containing cells were determined in non‐hypertrophied relatively normal and in recurrently inflamed hypertrophied tonsils by staining with two contrast‐labelled fluorochromes and directly counting such cells in a single tissue section. Their defence mechanisms were also discussed.

Human palatine tonsils, like the lamina propria of the gastrointestinal tract, are very rich in plasma cells containing immunoglobulins. In the gastrointestinal tract such cells predominantly contain IgA and those IgA cells were counted above 80% of the population of all immunoglobulin containing cells. In the present study of palatine tonsils, the IgA‐con‐taining cells were fewer than in the lamina propria of the gastrointestinal tract but much more than in the spleen or lymph nodes.

Fluorescent immunoglobulin‐containing cells under the submucosa of crypts and superficial portions of lymphoid tissues of non‐hypertrophied tonsils were fewer than 10 per high power field (×400) and relatively rich in IgA. In recurrently inflamed hypertrophied tonsils such immuno‐globulin‐containing cells increased to 20 or more cells per high power field (×400) and migrating IgG‐ and IgA‐ containing cells were present among the non‐reactive epithelial cells. In the areas of severe inflammation with superficial exudate, IgG‐ containing cells predominated, and there were no IgM cells.
SCANNING AND TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATION OF ENDOTHELIAL CELLS IN THE NORMAL CONDITION AND IN INITIAL STAGES OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Authors: Shimamoto Takio , Yamashita Yoshiyuki , Numano Fujio , Sunaga Toshiaki
Published: January 2009

The fine structures of vascular endothelial surface with linear endothelial folds, were clearly shown by scanning and transmission electron microscopes in large arteries and veins of man and other mammals and the nuclear parts of endothelial cells were shown in the gullies in scanning electron microscopical observation.

The effects of substances promoting or inhibiting transendothelial leakage were studied in relation to these structures. Immediately after the challenge their nuclear parts were transiently enlarged and prolonged and the linear endothelial folds became irregular by edematous swelling of endothelial cells and subendothelial structures. Pyridinolcarbamate pretreatment prevented these changes.

Administration of cholesterol for 2 weeks induced edematous and spherical change of endothelial cells of aorta; and then localized flat lesions of endothelial cells with flattening of their degenerated nuclear parts in localized areas exposed to mechanical stress from the arterial blood stream. After 3 to 4 weeks the flat lesions changed into elevated lesions, fatty spots or streaks. These endothelial changes were significantly inhibited by pyridinolcarbamate.

At the margin of the elevated lesions, nuclear parts of the endothelial cells were exposed on the endothelial fold by elevation of gullies. The exposed nuclear part exhibited a highly deformed and swollen shape and such changes may be followed by an increase in local transendothelial infiltration resulting in expansion of elevated lesions. Chemical inJuries induce weakness of the resistance of endothelial cells and the mechanical stress from the arterial blood stream may aggravate the injury in a special area facing the strong mechanical stress from the blood stream. Summation of such injuries may initiate atherosclerosis in such a special area followed by expansion of atherosclerotic lesion to all directions.
A CASE OF MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES
Authors: Nishimura Ryusuke , Okuno Kazuhiro , Matsuo Takeshi , Mori Nobuoki
Published: January 2009

The clinical history and pathological findings of a 68‐year‐old female with mycosis fungoides were described.

Clinically she developed cutaneous eruptions, and plaques to nodules appearlng within the next 4 months. Histopathological examination at biopsy revealed mycosis fungoides. At autopsy, extensive visceral involvement was disclosed (lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen, esophagus, left adrenal gland, lumbar vertebral bone marrow, and lymph nodes). Acute exacerbation of pulmonary tuberculosis was thought to be a terminal event.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE PREVENTIVE EFFECT OF PYRIDINOLCARBAMATE AND ESTROGEN AGAINST AORTIC AND CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS OF CHOLESTEROL‐FED RABBITS
Authors: Numano Fujio , Katsu Ken‐ichi , Takenobu Makio , Sagara Atsushi , Shimamoto Takio
Published: January 2009

The antiatherosclerotic effects of pyridinolcarbamate and estrogen, both of which have a preventative effect against acute edematous vascular injury, were studied using 40 rabbits. Ten rabbits each received orally 0.1 mg/kg or 1 mg/kg of diethylstilbestrol, 10 mg/kg of pyridinolcarbamate or potato starch as a placebo. All were fed cholesterol for 15 weeks. Treatment with pyridinolcarbamate of 1 mg/kg of diethylstilbestrol was shown to exert a powerful effect in preventing the appearance of atheromatous changes (p<0.01) but 0.1 mg/kg of diethylstilbestrol did not show a preventative effect. The three treated groups exhibited protection against coronary atherosclerosis which was statistically significant when compared with the controls. Atheromas in rabbits treated with pyridinolcarbamate were characterized his‐tologically by the regeneration of smooth muscle fibers and those treated with diethylstilbestrol by fibrous healing. Necrotic foci or calcification was sometimes encountered, especially in the rabbits treated with 1 mg/kg of diethylstilbestrol. These preventative properties of the substances studied are possibly much related to inhibit permeability‐enhancing conditions of the arterial wall.
STUDY ON THE ULTRASTRUCTURE AND MUCIN PRODUCTION IN PRETIBIAL MYXEDEMA
Authors: Fujita H. , Asagami C. , Suetomi Y. , Uchihira T. , Kinoshita K. , Araki I.
Published: January 2009

Electron microscopic study on pretibial myxedema lesions revealed that, mucin consisted of three types of substances: (1) filamentous to finely granular or amorphous substances, (2) spidery projections extending from a granular core, and (3) fine granules arranged in beaded form. In the lesions, there were numerous mesenchymal cells referred to as the M‐cells which were not found in the normal skin and seemed to be participating in the production and extrusion of the first type of substance and possibly the precursor substances of the other two composing mucin. Most of them were two to three times larger in size than ordinary mast cells. Their cytoplasm displayed, like that of goblet cell, many mitochondria, well developed rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and prominent Golgi apparatus accompanied by various lysosomal structures.

It might be supposed that the above precursor of the other two types of substances possibly excreted from M‐cells and the mast cell granules released from mast cells might correlate in the extracellular formation of the second and third types of substances. Ultrastructural similarities and dissimilarities between the M‐cell and other types of cells in the same lesions seemed to indicate that the M‐cell might be transformed from the mast cell or reticuloendothelial cell or fibroblast by metaplasia which might occur by the influence of hormonal disturbance of pretibial myxedema.
FINE STRUCTURE OF NEUROBLASTOMA—A CASE REPORT—
Authors: Tazawa Kenji , Soga Jun , Ito Hiroshi
Published: January 2009

Ultrastructural observation was carried out on neuroblastoma cells in a 4‐year‐old girl. The nuclei of these neoplastic cells were irregular with occasional cytoplasmic invaginations, and proportionally large with diffusely dispersed chromatin substance. Rare mitotic figures were also present. The cell‐to‐cell interfaces were relatively simple with only finely wavy membranes but without interdigitations. A few desmosomes were, however, apparent. The cytoplasmic pseudopodes were frequently observed in a limited area of the cell surface and nearly free of organelles. The main findings of the intracytoplasmic organelles consisted of some mitochondrial changes, poor development of Golgi bodies, occasional formation of focal cytoplasmic degradation, and intracytoplasmic Abrillar aggregates. Numerous large round to oval dense bodies encircled by a double membrane were highly suggestive of lipid bodies. The central area of rosette‐like cell aggregates was noted to be composed of cytoplasmic processes of neoplastic cells.
RETINOBLASTOMA HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF EIGHT CASES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ROSETTE FORMATION
Authors: Sato Kazuo , Tanaka Teruhiko , Fujikura Takashi , Saruya Shigeru
Published: January 2009

Eight cases of retinoblastoma were histopathologically and in part, electron‐microscopically investigated. Their histological patterns were compared with those of human medulloblastoma and of the human retina during early fetal life.

Five cases showed true rosettes (A‐group), but three cases did not (B‐group). A correlation was noted between the mode of growth and histopathological type of the tumors; in A‐group excepting one case, they showed only intraocular endophytic growth, while in B‐group, they extended extraocularly and were biologically more malignant. Among tumor cells of A‐group, atypism and pleomorphism were not so conspicuous as those in B‐group. It was indicated that a true rosette could be regarded as a histological manifestation of tumor differentiation, and its epithelial nature was disclosed by electron microscopy. Para‐rosettes, pseudo‐rosettes and perivascular rosettes, which were characteristic in B‐group, resembled human medulloblastoma and human retina during early fetal life in cell disposal pattern. Many findings indicated the retinoblastoma to be an immature neuroectodermal tumor.
PRIMARY OSTEOGENIC SARCOMA OF THE LIVER—REPORT OF AN AUTOPSY CASE—
Authors: Sumiyoshi Akinobu , Niho Yoshiyuki
Published: January 2009

An autopsy case of a 52 years old male with primary osteogenic sarcoma arising in the cirrhotic liver was reported. A huge, yellowishgray, firm, multinodular tumor was found in the right lobe of the liver. Several small metastatic foci were noted in the right atrium and the small intestine. Microscopic examination revealed that the lesions showed polymorphic features but an essentially similar appearance as osteosarcoma originating in the skeleton.

Primary sarcomas of the liver producing bone and/or cartilage as the essential component of the tumor are extremely rare. The nomenclature and histogenesis of such tumors were briefly discussed.
PASSAGE OF FOREIGN PARTICLES THROUGH THE SINUSOIDAL WALL OF THE RABBIT BONE MARROW—AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY
Authors: Huang Teh‐Siu
Published: January 2009

Thorotrast, India ink, OsO4‐fixed staphylococci and candida were injected into rabbit ear vein. Electron microscopic observation of the marrow revealed the thorotrast and carbon particles in the cytoplasm of the sinusoidal endothelial cells and reticulum cells as well as in the extracellular space of the marrow parenchyma, while staphylococci and candidas were demonstrated only in the cytoplasm of reticulum cells. This difference seems to be related to the size difference of the particles.

Reticulum cells freqeuntly projected a cytoplasmic process into the sinusoidal lumen through the endothelial gap, and injected particles were frequently seen in these intraluminal projections. This finding strongly suggests that the particulate matter in the blood flow can be directly taken up by means of intraluminal projection of the reticulum cell and then transported into the extraluminal portion of the cell. This mechanism may be only one possible way by which the particles larger than staphylococci enter the marrow parenchyma across the sinusoidal wall. The passage of erythrocytes from blood flow into marrow parenchyma is assumed to be made by the same mechanism.
SURFACE MEMBRANE OF LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: Watanabe Shaw , Mikata Atuso , Tadakuma Takushi , Niki Rikio , Kageyama Keizo
Published: January 2009

The quantitative relationship of lymphoid antigenic determinants between lymphoid cells and antilymphocytic globulin or antithymocytic globulin was studied.

131I‐ALG or ATG were sensitive enouth to detect adsorption on cytomembrane, although nonspecific adsorption occurred in a few percent and this was negligible in case of using purified ALG or ATG.

The existence of several kind of lymphoid antigens was proved, viz. common lymphoid, lymphocyte‐specific and thymocyte‐specific antigen.

It was also suggested that thymocytes had a fewer kind of antigen determinants but the total number of radicals was the same as lymphocytes, and that each cell surface had several thousands of molecules which acted as lymphoid antigen determinant.
THE EFFECT OF MONOCROTALINE, A PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOID, ON HELA CELLS AND PRIMARY CULTURED CELLS FROM RAT LIVER AND LUNG*
Authors: Umeda Makoto , Saito Mamoru
Published: January 2009

Monocrotaline, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid, produced marked cytoplasmic vacuolization, cellular and nuclear enlargement, and mitotic abnormalities on HeLa cells and primary cultured cells from rat liver and lung. Fat droplets were specifically found in the cytoplasm of liver parenchymal cells. Chromosome preparation of the treated cultures from rat lung revealed marked breaks and fusions. The mechanism of vacuole formation could be ascribed to the basicity of the alkaloid. Severe disorders of chromosomes might correlate to the carcinogenic activity of the compound.
NEURO‐BEHCETS SYNDROME: REPORT OF AN AUTOPSY CASE
Authors: Sugihara Hajime , Ichinose Tadakuni , Tsuchiyama Hideo
Published: January 2009

This report consists of one case who died after a neuropsychological disorder of the central nervous system consistent with Behcet's syndrome clinically and pathologically. Post‐mortem examination of the central nervous system revealed disseminated meningo‐encephalitis with multiple foci of softening, demyelinization and glial accumulation throughout the brain, especially in the thalamus, midbrain and pons. Review of the literature revealed about 30 cases including 17 cases in Japan.
MECHANISM OF THE FORMATION OF MEGAMITOCHONDRIA INDUCED BY COPPER‐CHELATING AGENTS
Authors: Wakabayashi Takashi , Asano Masahisa , Kurono Chieko
Published: January 2009

Processes of the formation of cuprizone‐induced megamitochondria in mouse liver have been studied in detail by electron microscopy. The earliest change observed was the presence of large intramitochondrial granules. The next stage was the formation of myelin flgures by which mitochondria were apparently connected. The third stage was characterized by megamitochondria connected with each other by their outer membranes. Continuity of mitochondria were further examined by serial sections, and megamitochondria were proved to be connected to each other far more frequently than expected on one plane of section. A model for the mechanism of megamitochondrial formation is proposed based on electron microscopic evidences, involving the fusion of mitochondrial membranes. Possibillty is also discussed that cuprizone‐induced megamitochondria may fuse to one single branching mitochondrion.
CELLULAR SITES OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS VI. LOCALIZATION OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN THE HUMAN THYMUS
Authors: Chen Shih‐Tse , Tobe Takayoshi , Isobe Yoshinan , Chiu An‐Fu
Published: January 2009

IgG‐, IgM‐ and IgA‐containing cells in the human thymus and mesenteric lymph nodes were studied by direct, double‐antibody immunofluorescence techniques. Ig‐containing cells were identified in the thymic medulla but not in cortical or paracortical zones. About 93% of the medullary Ig‐containing cells were IgG‐containing (vs. 5% IgM‐containing and 2% IgA‐containing). By contrast, lymph nodes contained about 53% IgG, 31% IgA and 16% IgM type immUnocytes. In addition, Ig‐containing cells were only about one‐tenth as numerous in thymus as in lymph nodes. ACTA PATH. JAP. 25: 69–73, 1975.
HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA AND CHRONIC PERSISTENT HEPATITIS
Authors: Shikata Toshio , Yamazaki Shigeyuki , Uzawa Teruko
Published: January 2009

The morphologic type of cirrhosis that is followed most frequently by hepatocellular carcinoma is posthepatitic cirrhosis. Furthermore, HB Ag is detected in a high rate among cases with hepatocellular carcinoma suggesting the intimate causal relationship between hepatitis B virus and hepatocellular carcinoma. It has been considered that hepatocellular carcinoma might develop during destruction and regeneration of fully developed liver cirrhosis. However, hepatocellular carcinoma is combined with not only liver cirrhosis but also with mild liver fibrosis. An attempt was made to determine HBs Ag in the liver tissue of liver fibrosis with hepatocellular carcinoma. HBs Ag was found in non‐cancerous liver tissue of 40% of those cases. Therefore, it may be concluded that, at least some of those fibrosis is caused by chronic viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma may develop not only on posthepatitic cirrhosis but also on chronic persistent hepatitis. This evidence also suggests the carcinogenicity of hepatitis B virus.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE ROLE OF SATELLITE CELLS IN REGENERATION OF RAT SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS
Authors: Sakai Yasuhiro
Published: January 2009

The process of degeneration, necrosis and regeneration of skeletal muscle fibers of rats administered dlmethyl‐para‐phenylenediamine was studied by light and electron microscopy. Electron microscopy revealed satellite cells between the basement membrane and plasma membrane of unaffected as well as affected muscle fibers. The cytoplasm of satellite cells was enlarged or elongated and contained many ribosomes, polysomes, rough‐surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and well‐developed Golgi apparatus. In some satellite cells myofilaments were formed attached to the ribosomes and polysomes. In the process of muscle regeneration many myogenic cells appeared in the vicinity of unaected muscle fibers. The properties of the cytoplasmic organelles of the myogenic cells resembled those of satellite cells. The difierentiation between satellite cells and myogenic cells could be made only by the presence or absence of preexisting muscle fibers. From these results it is not only suggested that the satellite cells are the precursor of myogenic cells but also the regenerated muscle fibers, at least a part of them, originate from satellite cells.
ULTRASTRUCTURE AND HISTOCHEMISTRY OF THE MEDULLARY INTERSTITIAL MATRIX OF RAT KIDNEY
Authors: Furusato Masakuni
Published: January 2009

Medullary tissue of the normal rat kidney was perfused with 3% glutaraldehyde (GA), incubated in 0.5% cetyl pyridinium chloride and post‐fixed in 1% OsO4. In comparison with the ordinary fixation with GA and OsO4, the medullary interstitium represented abundant matrical substance that is rich in acid mucopolysaccharides (AMPS) and morphologically represents a diffuse reticular structure consisting of 30 to 150 Å thick microfibrils and granular structures of 300 to 500 Å in diameter. When chondroitinase was applied before OaO4 treatment, the dense granules disappeared and the microfibrils were replaced by loosely textured 30 Å thick microfilaments. After hyaluronidase treatment the microfibrils disappeared and most granules changed into a ring‐shaped structure with an electronlucent central portion. These results suggest that the reticular structure consists of microfilaments of hyaluronates and amorphous masking substance of chondroitin sulfates. In the dense granule, hyaluronates become concentrated in the central portion and chondroitin sulfate in the peripheral zone. When perfused with a CPC‐containing GA, the medullary interstitium was diffusely Alled with a large amount of fine granular substances suggesting the presence of water soluble free AMPS filling the reticular space.
EFFECTS OF EXOGENOUS ACTH ON THE RAT FETAL ADRENAL CORTEX: A HISTOCHEMICAL AND ELECTRON‐MICROSCOPICAL OBSERVATION
Authors: Sugihara Hajime , Kawai Kioko , Tsuchiyama Hideo
Published: January 2009

ACTH was administered subcutaneously to rat fetus directly at the late stage of fetal development and acute reaction on the fetal adrenal cortex was observed histochemically and electron microscopically. By administration of ACTH the adrenal cortex became remarkably hyperemic and there were swollen cells in all layers, particularly in the middle and inner layers (corresponding to the zona fasciculata and reticularis in adult rat). Marked reduction of lipid, enlarged mitochondria with increased vesicular cristae and increased smooth‐surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (SER) were characteristic. The alterations of mitochondria preceded the change of SER, and thereafter mitochondria showed rapid degeneration. The outer layer (corresponding to the zona glomerulosa in adult rat) also showed similar changes by ACTH to those of the other two layers. These results indicated that the fetal adrenal cortex of rats was exogenous ACTH‐reactive and its reaction which was different from that of adult cortical cells, seemed to be speciflcally related to the development and differentiation of the cells. ACTA PATH. JAP. 27: 477–484, 1977.
FUNCTIONAL PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT OF ANENCEPHALIC AND NORMAL ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLANDS
Authors: Osamura R. Yoshiyuki
Published: January 2009

In order to investigate the influence of the central nervous system on the functional differentiation of the fetal anterior pituitary gland, the pituitary gland of anencephalic and normal fetus was studied by the peroxidase‐labeled antibody method for the localization of various hormones. The only abnormality of pituitary endocrine cells in anencephaly was a marked decrease of ACTH cells. In the normal development, ACTH appeared as the earliest hormone in 5 weeks. And all other hormones were seen in 13 weeks. The reason for the decrease of ACTH cells in anencephaly was speculated to be a suppression at an early developmental life. The experimental observations done in rats using MAM might support this speculation. The adrenal glands of anencephalus showed atrophy of the fetal cortex which was considered to correlate with the decrease in number of ACTH cells. Absence of the histochemical activity of alkaline phosphatase in the permanent cortex of anencephaly may indicate absence or Inadequate stimulation by fetal ACTH. Further experimental studies in suppression of the central nervous system in early developmental life seemed to conflrm the above speculation in functional differentiation of the fetal pituitary and adrenal glands. ACTA PATH. JAP. 27: 495–509, 1977.