bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kestabilan Lereng Menggunakan Metode Rock Mass Rating (RMR) dan Slope Mass Rating (SMR) untuk Menentukan Faktor Keamanan Lereng Pada Tambang Tuf Desa Candirejo, Kecamatan Semin, Kabupaten Gunungkidul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Pangaribuan Marolop P , Retongga Nofrohu
Published: August 2023

Batuan yang tersingkap di permukaan bumi umumnya dapat dimanfaatkan untuk kebutuhan konstruksi bangunan. Masyarakat Desa Candirejo, Kecamatan Semin, Kabupaten Gunungkidul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta mengambil batu dengan cara sederhana yaitu penambangan tuf menggunakan pahat dan palu besi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kestabilan lereng tambang tuf akibat aktifitas penambangan oleh masyarakat sekitar sehingga dapat mengetahui nilai faktor keamanan lereng pada tambang tuf di Desa Candirejo. Metode yang diguanakan adalah Rock Mass Rating (RMR) dan Slope Mass Rating (SMR). Hasil analisis hubungan nilai faktor keamanan lereng dan intensitas longsor berdasarkan nilai faktor keamanan <1,07 termasuk longsor sering terjadi (lereng labil), 1,07 < FK < 1,25 termasuk longsor pernah terjadi (lereng kritis) dan > 1,25 longsor jarang terjadi (lereng relatif stabil). Faktor keamanan yang dianalisis menggunakan bantuan software Rocscience Slide v.6.005 setelah dianalisis didapatkan nilai FK sebesar 4,775. Berdasarkan nilai FK 4,775 adalah longsor jarang terjadi (lereng relatif stabil). Faktor keamanan yang tinggi di pengaruhi oleh tingkat pelapukan batuan yang rendah, intensitas kekar yang sedikit, dan litologi yang di dominasi struktur masif.
Inventarisasi Geoheritage Potensi Kawasan Geowisata Daerah Tongkuno, Pulau Muna, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: Hasria Hasria , Karim Ham , Asfar Suryawan
Published: August 2023

Daerah Tongkuno yang termasuk dalam Peta Geologi Lembar Buton Formasi Wapulaka dan merupakan bagian dari kars Pulau Muna, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara, memiliki potensi keanekaragaman fenomena geologi yang dapat dikembangkang sebagai kawasan geowisata. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menginventarisasi geoheritage potensi geowisata dan menentukan site (lokasi) serta geotrek yang ada di daerah Tongkuno Kabupaten Muna, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Metode yang digunakan terdiri dari pengamatan dan pengambilan data lapangan. Pengambilan data lapangan meliputi data litologi penyusun geosite, data geomorfologi/topografi geosite, titik koordinat geosite, akses menuju lokasi geosite, kondisi infrastruktur daerah geowisata, serta kesampaian waktu menuju geosite. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa Daerah Tongkuno memiliki 3 (tiga) geosite yakni Geosite Walengkabola, Geosite Labora dan Geosite Kotanowuna. Geosite Walengkabola memiliki keunikan berupa danau dolin, pantai bergisik, gua mata air, gua bawah laut serta hamparan terumbu karang yang indah serta terdapat stalagtit dan stalagmit, limestone cliff, gordyn karst, ponor, pits, serta karren. Geosite Labora memiliki keunikan berupa tanjung yang memiliki bentuk memanjang dan mendatar membentuk teras yang dibatasi oleh tebing-tebing gamping yang terjal. Pada dinding tebing terdapat ornamen-ornamen berupa fitur geologi minor seperti pits dan pans, rill karren, protocave, gordyn, dan karst dan pada kaki tebing dekat pantai terdapat gua dengan ornamen berupa stalagtit dan stalagmit, kristal kalsit dan mata air. Geosite Kotanowuna memiliki keunikan berupa perbukitan karst dengan berbagai macam bentuk seperti menara kars, bukit kars terisolir, bukit yang menyerupai kapal, bukit poligonal dan terdapat pedataran kars, karren field dan terraa rosa serta uvala juga fitur-fitur budaya  seperti Masjid Muna yang merupakan pusat kerajaan Muna di masa lampau, Benteng kota muna yang mengelilingi kerajaan muna, makam raja dan keluarga raja, serta batu pelantikan raja. Site/lokasi geowisata di daerah penelitian dapat ditempuh dengan penjalanan darat menggunakan kendaraan roda empat. Kajian potensi geowisata daerah  Tongkuno diharapakan dapat menjadi suatu upaya dalam menggali informasi mengenai potensi-potensi geologi yang dapat dikembangkan sebagai objek geowisata.
Hubungan Antara Analisis Pola Aliran Air Dengan Struktur Geologi: Studi Pada Kampung Klaka Dan Sekitarnya, Distrik Maudus, Kabupaten Sorong, Provinsi Papua Barat
Authors: Siagian Hot Juniman S.T. , Haluk Hermina , Mayzarah Erikha Maurizka , Tandirerung Restu
Published: August 2023

Hubungan antara pola aliran dengan struktur geologi erat kaitannya sehingga perlu dianalisis. Struktur geologi yang terbentuk di permukaan merupakan hasil dari kinematika mekanisme struktur geologi suatu daerah. Struktur geologi tersebut merupakan bidang lemah yang memiliki pola, di mana dapat mengakomodasi jalur air yang mengalir di permukaan. Saluran air akan mengikuti pola struktur yang berkembang, sehingga saluran air tersebut juga memiliki pola yang dapat dikelaskan sesuai dengan klasifikasi pola aliran air. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk membuktikan kesesuaian hubungan antara pola aliran air dengan struktur geologi yang berkembang di daerah penelitian, sehingga analisis pola aliran air dapat digunakan sebagai data awal untuk menginterpretasi struktur geologi yang berkembang pada suatu daerah. Penelitian dilakukan di Kampung Klaka dan sekitarnya, Distrik Maudus, Kabupaten Sorong, Provinsi Papua Barat dari Agustus 2020 – Juni 2021. Metode yang digunakan berupa analisis pola aliran air dan pemetaan geologi permukaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil analisis pola aliran air di daerah penelitian sesuai dengan hasil pemetaan struktur geologi, di mana pola aliran air yang mengindikasikan adanya struktur sesar dan lipatan terbukti sesuai dengan temuan struktur geologi hasil pemetaan geologi di daerah penelitian.
Identifikasi Patahan dan Struktur Bawah Permukaan Kawasan Potensi Panas Bumi Rawa Dano Provinsi Banten Menggunakan Data Gravitasi GGMPlus
Authors: Purwaningsih Inria , Aziz Khafidh Nur , Fitrianingtyas Rahmawati
Published: August 2023

Rawa Dano merupakan daerah potensi panas bumi di Jawa Barat yang memiliki manifestasi berupa mata air panas. Meskipun bagian dari Wilayah Kerja Pertambangan (WKP) Panas Bumi dan mulai dikembangkan sejak tahun 2009, struktur bawah permukaan di wilayah ini belum dapat dijelaskan dengan baik. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami kondisi bawah permukaan guna mendukung eksplorasi di kawasan potensi panas bumi Rawa Dano menggunakan metode Gravitasi dari data GGMPlus. Area penelitian melingkupi koordinat 599098,627mT – 615194,894mT dan 9311307,916mU – 9327686,574mU dengan luas wilayah 16,22 km x 16,46 km.Jumlah data sebanyak 5.402 titik dengan jarak antar titik~221 m.Hasil Anomali Bouguer Lengkap (ABL) menunjukkan adanya anomali rendah di sisi barat hingga barat daya yang merepresentasikan dataran rendah, sedangkan anomali tinggi berada di sisi utara hingga timur laut yang berkorelasi denganpegunungan dan perbukitan. Berdasarkan pemodelan 2D, batuan penyusun di daerah penelitian didominasi oleh lima jenis formasi batuan. Batuan berdensitas 2,4 g/cm3-3,29 g/cm3 bersesuaian dengan andesit dan basalt yang berasal dari Batuan Gunungapi Danau Tua. Batuan dengan densitas 1,96 g/cm3-2,44 g/cm3 bersesuaian dengan tufa yang termasuk dalam Tufa Banten Bawah, sedangkan batuan dengan densitas 1,6 g/cm3-2,35 g/cm3 dan 1,5 g/cm3 yang juga bersesuaian dengan tufa berasal dari Batuan Gunungapi Danau Muda dan Tufa Banten Atas. Kemudian batuan berdensitas 1,9 g/cm3–2,15 g/cm3 bersesuaian dengan kerikil, pasir dan lempung termasuk ke dalam Endapan Rawa Danau. Selain itu, terdapat lapisan batuan baru berdensitas 1,03 g/cm3-1,13 g/cm3 yang belum diketahui jenis batuannya.
Developing and evaluating a multiple-choice knowledge test about Brønsted-Lowry acid-base reactions for upper secondary school students
Authors: Krebs Rita Elisabeth , Rost Marvin , Lembens Anja
Published: August 2023

For centuries, chemists have researched acid-base reactions and developing numerous different acid-base concepts. Consequentially, it is difficult to teach about acid-base reactions in a clear and conceptually coherent manner. We aim at contributing to teaching about acid-base chemistry by an intervention introducing upper secondary school chemistry students to an acid-base concept that is scientifically appropriate and learner-centred. This modernized version of the Brønsted-Lowry acid-base concept appears sufficiently complex for the target group. Additionally, it emphasizes the donor-acceptor concept and the reaction mechanism. In order to evaluate the gain in declarative knowledge during our intervention, we developed and piloted a multiple-choice knowledge test with Austrian upper secondary students (N = 136). By estimating a Rasch model (WLE-Rel. = 0.63, Infitmin = 0.90, Infitmax = 1.02, Outfitmin = 0.89, Outfitmax = 1.00, d = −0.44–1.8), we constructed a pre-test (11 MC items, 6 open-ended questions) and a post-test (11 MC items, 6 open-ended questions) based on key concepts of the topic for our intervention study (N = 57). Overall, the test proved a reliable tool to estimate learners’ declarative knowledge about acid-base reactions in the course of the intervention study, showing a significant knowledge increase.
Adopting a new approach for finding missing people using GIS techniques: A case study in Saudi Arabia’s desert area
Authors: Almujalli Faisal Sulaiman , Altuwaijri Hamad Ahmed
Published: August 2023

Every year, hundreds of people go missing in the wilderness of Saudi Arabia. There is an urgent need to examine modern geographic techniques for finding such people. Geographical information systems, for example, play a crucial role in wilderness search and rescue (WiSAR), not only in mapping probability areas but also in applying further analysis and modeling methods to reduce time and effort and to guide life-saving task forces in the right direction. In this study of a hypothetical missing-person case in Saudi Arabia, two standard WiSAR models are compared: ring and mobility. In the presented study situation, both models can be used. However, the new approach used in the mobility model drastically reduces the extent of the possible search area, from 101,787 km2 in the ring model to 335.34 km of likely trails and unpaved roads, and also provides exact directions to where the missing person may be found.
Characterization of bio-oil production by microwave pyrolysis from cashew nut shells and Cassia fistula pods
Authors: Waitongkham Ratima , Pianroj Yutthapong , Punvichai Teerasak , Karrila Seppo , Chumkaew Parinuch , Jumrat Saysunee
Published: August 2023

In this study, the production of bio-oil by pyrolysis with microwave (MW) heating was tested experimentally. Two magnetrons with a total MW power of 1,600 W were used in the pyrolysis setup. The electric field strength was 185.38 V·m−2 at an MW frequency of 2.45 GHz. Cashew nut shells (CNS) or Cassia fistula pods (CFP) were pyrolyzed at 400°C, 500°C, or 600°C, with biomass-to-activated carbon ratio set at 70:30, 80:20, or 90:10. The largest yield of bio-oil was found for CNS at 600°C, and for CFP at 500°C, both with 90:10 ratio, achieving, respectively, 20.0% and 15.8% yields. When the bio-oil yields from CNS and CFP at 90:10 ratio and 400–600°C were analyzed with gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer, the components found included acids, esters, ketones, furans, pyrans, guaiacol, syringol and phenols, and phenolic derivatives were the dominant type of compounds. There were 23.56% and 13.23% phenolic derivatives, respectively, in the bio-oils from CNS (at 500°C) and from CFP (at 400°C). An analysis with Folin–Ciocalteu reagent of the phenolic contents in bio-oils gave the respective ranges 146.83–164.83 mg·GAE·g·DW−1 and 39.34–45.91 mg·GAE·g DW−1 for CNS and CFP (both run with 90:10 ratio).
Helical fluorinated carbon nanotubes/iron(iii) fluoride hybrid with multilevel transportation channels and rich active sites for lithium/fluorinated carbon primary battery
Authors: Chen Gaobang , Cao Feng , Li Zexiao , Fu Jianan , Wu Baoshan , Liu Yifan , Jian Xian
Published: August 2023

Lithium/fluorinated carbon (Li/CF
x
) primary battery is a promising energy supply device with high energy density. However, poor electrochemical capabilities such as the initial voltage delay phenomenon and the large polarization have obstructed their applications. The electrochemical performance of CF
x
primarily depends on the feature of the carbon source and the corresponding fluorination technique. Herein, we developed a high energy density Li/CF
x
battery by employing helical carbon nanotubes (HCNTs) as the carbon source. In detail, the precise control of the fluorination temperature was designed at the range of 250–400°C to tune the F/C ratio of CF
x
. Furthermore, the high F/C ratio of fluorinated HCNTs (F-HCNTs) reaches about 1.43, which surpasses the highest theoretical value in fluorinated crystalline carbon materials. Due to the active rich fluorination sites provided by the periodical insertion of the carbon pentacyclic (C5) and heptacyclic (C7) rings, HCNTs exhibited a defect-rich feature and F-HCNTs have a nodular shape. These features favor to enhance the transport of lithium ions and allow more C–F bonds to react with lithium ions, leading to a high energy density of 2133.13 W h/kg. This novel material offers an alternative approach for lithium primary battery being great potential in actual applications.
Semi-automatic COVID-19 vaccine preparation for upscaling of vaccination: a descriptive study
Authors: van der Nat Denise J. , Lindemans Anouk D. , van Rijn Laurens C. , Ruijgrok Elisabeth J.
Published: August 2023

Objectives

Vaccines are used on a large scale for prevention of disease. Preparing vaccines for administration can be a time consuming process. To increase efficacy of vaccine administration, the Vaxtractor was designed in January 2021. With the Vaxtractor, the desired volume of vaccine is drawn up automatically in syringes from two vials of vaccine simultaneously. We examined the quality of COVID-19 vaccines prepared with the Vaxtractor.

Methods

Sterility tests and uniformity of dosage units tests were performed. For the sterility test, 22 syringes were filled with 0.5 mL Tryptic Soy Broth and these were incubated at 25 °C for seven days followed by seven days at 30 °C. For the dosage unit test, the difference between the filled and empty syringe was used to compute the volume of the injectable volume. A time analysis was performed on manually and semi-automatically prepared vaccines.

Results

The sterility tests showed no signs of growth of micro-organisms. After optimizing the Vaxtractor, none of the Comirnaty® vaccines deviated more than 10 % and none of the Spikevax® vaccines deviated more than 5 % compared to the mean mass of the injectable volume. The acceptance value for uniformity of dosage units of both vaccines was below 4 (requirement <15). Preparing vaccines with the Vaxtractor was faster compared to manually prepared vaccines.

Conclusions

The Vaxtractor can be used to safely prepare Spikevax® and Comirnaty® vaccines. Further studies should explore the applicability of the Vaxtractor for the preparation of other vaccines. If applicable, this will contribute to effective upscaling of vaccination programs.
Optimization of eggshell particles to produce eco-friendly green fillers with bamboo reinforcement in organic friction materials
Authors: Sunardi Sunardi , Ariawan Dody , Surojo Eko , Prabowo Aditya Rio , Akbar Hammar Ilham , Sudrajad Agung , Seputro Harjo
Published: August 2023

The environment is a very important topic today as well as in the future. One source of air pollution that has the potential to harm health is the wear particles released by vehicle braking systems. If these wear particles come from hazardous materials, they could destroy human health and the environment. Based on these conditions, exploring more environmentally friendly materials to substitute hazardous materials as friction materials is necessary. In this study, brake linings were prepared from bamboo fiber and eggshell (ES) particles with various pre-treatment conditions. The composition of the material frictions consisted of phenolic resin, bamboo fiber, bamboo particles, ES particles, zinc, alumina, and graphite in the following: 35% phenolic resin, 10% graphite, 10% bamboo fiber, 10% alumina powder, 5% zinc powder, and 30% bamboo particles and ESs. This study focused on observing the mechanical and tribological behavior of friction materials when using ES particles as fillers. There are three stages to manufacturing friction material: a cold press, a hot press, and heat treatment. The optimization of the characteristics of ESs as organic brake linings was carried out using the Taguchi method and analyzed using data envelopment analysis-based ranking (DEAR). An interesting finding from this study was that when ES particles were calcined at 900°C for 120 min, the ES particle size was 200 mesh, and the ES volume fraction at 25% resulted in the most optimal brake lining performance. Calcination at 900°C for 120 min completely changed the CaCO3 phase to CaO. This study also shows that calcined ES particles have the potential to be developed as friction materials for environmentally friendly two-wheeled vehicles in the future. The produced brake linings exhibited hardness, a coefficient of friction, and specific wear rates of 92.82 HR, 0.32, and 4.43 × 10−6 mm3·N−1·m−1, respectively.
A Nyitott ház —előtér kísérletek: Konténerizáció a közművelődés tereiben
Authors: Dóri Éva
Published: August 2023

A tanulmány szerves részét képezi egy, a Nyitott ház Kollégium tevékenységét és szakmai eredményeit kutató munkának. Az 1970-es évek közepén felerősödött szakmafejlesztői szemléletmód a közművelődés fizikai tereinek és a művelődési formák megújítására irányult. A Népművelési Intézet által életre hívott szakmai innovációs kísérletek a Nyitott ház mozgalomban bontakoztak ki.

Az intézmények adottságainak és funkcióinak, tevékenységrendszerének újragondolását elsődlegesen a szűkös szakmai erőforrások ösztönözték. Az alkalmi és az állandó művelődési lehetőségek megkülönböztetéséből eredő elméleti program gyakorlati modellezésére 1976-1978 között a csepeli Rideg Sándor Művelődési Házban került sor. A konténerizáció folyamatosan biztosítható, kötetlen, az egyén részéről aktívitást igénylő tevékenység-lehetőségekre irányult. A progresszív, szemléletváltó gyakorlat nem tudott meghonosodni hazánkban. Ugyanakkor a Magyarországon több, mint 40 évvel ezelőtt zajló előtér kísérletek a napjainkban „markerspace” (“munkaterület”) néven világszerte elterjedt közösségi „tevékenység-terek” sajátos előképének is tekinthetők. A kutatás korabeli publikációkra épül.
Nagykanizsai kultúraközvetítő intézményekben dolgozó alkalmazottak kulturális fogyasztási szokásai
Authors: Kománovics Alexandra
Published: August 2023

Jelen tanulmány célja, hogy bemutassa az öt vizsgált nagykanizsai kultúraközvetítő intézmény dolgozóinak kultúrafogyasztási szokásait. A kutatásból megtudható, hogy a dolgozók elégedettek-e a városban elérhető kulturális szolgáltatásokkal és azokat igénybe veszik-e, illetve részt vesznek-e a saját és a többi kultúraközvetítő intézmény programjain. Két hipotézist határoztunk meg: H1: Az öt vizsgált intézmény alkalmazottjai azért nem járnak szívesen a saját és a többi intézmény rendezvényeire, mert kevés szabadidejük van és túlságosan leterheltek. H2: Az öt intézmény dolgozóinak vizsgált köre szívesebben jár el más városba kulturális célzattal azért, mert nincsenek megelégedve a város kulturális kínálatával.

Rétegzett mintavételi eljárást alkalmazva, három csoport kialakítását követően véletlenszerű kiválasztással 30 strukturált interjút vettünk fel 2022 őszén. Kiderült, hogy a vizsgált interjúalanyok kevés szabadidő lévén is szívesen látogatják a saját és a többi intézmény programjait, a legjobban a színházi előadások és a koncertek iránt érdeklődnek. A visszalátogatás egyik oka, hogy többen a munkájukra hobbiként tekintenek, a másik pedig, mert közös program a kollégákkal. A válaszadók nagy része mindent összevetve elégedett Nagykanizsa kulturális kínálatával, mégis szívesen utazik el más városokban egy-egy kulturális műsorért, ugyanakkor innovációs javaslatokat is megfogalmaztak. A kutatás eredménye hasznos lehet az öt vizsgált kultúraközvetítő intézmény statisztikai adatbázisának bővítésére, illetve a kulturális szolgáltatások fejlesztésére. Az országos statisztikához is hozzájárulhat, ezzel segítve a Nemzeti Művelődési Intézet szakmai munkáját.
Szoknyás Akhilleusz, férfiruhás Szemirámisz: A travestimento eszköze Metastasio librettóiban
Authors: Gyárfás Orsolya
Published: August 2023

A tanulmány fókuszpontjában Pietro Metastasio (1698–1782) életműve áll, mely a XVIII. század operaművészetének kiemelt műfaja, az opera seria meghatározó szövegkorpuszát adta. A tanulmány célja az itáliai barokk opera egy közkedvelt színpadi eszköze, a travestimento (azaz az ellentétes nem álcájának felöltése) használatának vizsgálata Metastasio műveiben. A travestimento a korai barokk operában bevett színpadi eszköz volt, mely a nemi határok átlépésével rendszeresen homoerotikus epizódok színpadra vitelét tette lehetővé. A XVIII. század fordulóján az Accademia dell‘Arcadia köréből meginduló operai „reformmozgalom“ az ehhez hasonló, erkölcstelennek tekintett cselekményelemek eltörlését, az opera morális és esztétikai „megtisztítását“ célozta. A tanulmány e reformmozgalom kontextusában, és a kora barokk operairodalomból származó korábbi művekkel összevetve elemzi Metastasio két nagy „travestimento“-szüzsét feldolgozó librettóját (Semiramide riconosciuta, Achille in Sciro). A tanulmány a szövegek elemzésén keresztül Metastasio a travestimento transzgresszív potenciálját célzatosan semlegesítő stratégiáit emeli ki: az álca sosem felszabadító, hanem kényszerű, lealacsonyító élményként való értelmezését, a homoerotikus epizódok következetes ellehetetlenítését, a nemi és szexuális identitás ambivalens megjelenítésének alapvető hanyagolását. A kutatás arra mutat rá, hogy az Arcadia-féle operareform és Metastasio páratlan életműve hogyan „tisztította meg“ az itáliai opera színpadát a velencei opera karneváli kicsapongásaitól, megteremtve az udvari környezetben elvárt illemhez szigorúan illeszkedő opera seria műfaját.
Evaluation of the biocompatibility of various self-adhesive resin cements on subcutaneous connective tissue: An in vivo study
Authors: GERÇEK Anıl , TURHAN BAL Bilge , BARIŞ Emre
Published: August 2023

Background: The purpose of the study was to examine the subcutaneous connective tissue reaction to three self-adhesive resin cements. Methods: Sixty-three polyethylene tubes were filled with three different self-adhesive resin cements (Group Z [Zirconite], Group P [Panavia SA], and Group H [High Q Bond]). Twenty-one polyethylene tubes remained empty and were used as controls (Group C). All tubes were implanted into the subcutaneous tissue of the 21 rats. Specimens from each cement type were obtained at 7, 30, and 90 days. Quantitative assessments of inflammatory cells were performed in 5 different areas of each specimen. Results: All animals survive during the follow-up periods except two rats. The mean values of inflammatory cells at 90 days were 14 (±1.8), 15.1 (±3.5), 96 (±12.1), 16 (±2.1) in Groups C, H, P, and Z, respectively. The thicknesses of the fibrous capsule decreased significantly with time in all groups except Group P. Conclusion: Biocompatibility of self-adhesive resin cements was material-dependent. High Q Bond and Zirconite exhibited satisfactory biocompatibility; however, Panavia demonstrated a moderate inflammatory response at 90 days.
AAP Pediatric Obesity Clinical Support Chart
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: August 2023

This convenient point-of-care resource provides practitioners with an evidence-based quick reference guide for evaluating and treating overweight and obesity in the clinical setting. The content is grounded in the latest clinical practice guideline from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and includes guidance on evidence and recommendations, evaluation (for primary well-child visits), treatment (for obesity follow-up and sick visits), and office resources, supports, and operations. Available for purchase at https://www.aap.org/AAP-Pediatric-Obesity-Clinical-Support-Chart
Corporal Punishment in Schools
Authors: Allison Mandy A. , Beers Nathaniel , Peterson Jaime W. ,   COUNCIL ON SCHOOL HEALTH, O’Leary Sonja C. , Bode Sara , Baum Marti , Connor Katherine A. , Frank Emily , Gibson Erica , Larkin Marian , Newman Tracie , Okuizumi-Wu Yuri , Padrez Ryan , Schumacher Heidi , Goddard Anna , King Kate , Ryst Erika , McCarty Carolyn
Published: August 2023

The use of corporal punishment in schools is not an effective or ethical method for management of behavior concerns and causes harm to students. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that corporal punishment in all school settings be abolished in all states by law and replaced by alternative forms of student behavior management. Corporal punishment remains legal in many public and private schools in the United States and is disproportionately used among Black students and children with disabilities. The aims of this policy statement are to review the incidence of school-based corporal punishment; the negative physical, psychological, and developmental impact of corporal punishment on students; and the need for continued advocacy by pediatricians, educators, and parents to abolish corporal punishment in all schools.
Atemporalidade de Chronique d’un Été
Authors: Postali Thífani
Published: August 2023

Em tempos de polarização e intolerância, pensar as produções midiáticas que prometem asserções sobre o mundo histórico parece-nos ainda mais urgente. Na contramão das generalizações que cercam um tempo onde a informação é efêmera, revisitar produções éticas se torna um exercício indispensável para a área da comunicação. Com metodologia descritiva de cunho analítico e levantamento bibliográfico, o artigo relaciona considerações de teóricos do cinema documentário tais como Bill Nichols, Guy Gauthier, Marcius Freire entre outros, com a ética buberiana. O objetivo é refletir sobre a ética no cinema documentário indicando o filme Chronique d’un Été, de 1960, como uma obra ainda capaz de nos apresentar caminhos mais assertivos para a produção de filmes documentários e outras produções que abordem questões sociais, além de permitir a reflexão sobre as relações sociais.
Nutmeg and the Identity of Chinese Rou doukou
Authors: Haw Stephen G.
Published: August 2023

The Chinese term rou doukou has generally been taken to mean ‘nutmeg’. This identification dates from the nineteenth century. However, there is reason to think that rou doukou was originally not nutmeg, but the fruits of a plant of the ginger family, Zingiberaceae. Early descriptions and illustrations of rou doukou are clearly not of nutmeg: in Chinese pharmacopoeias, it is usually listed with herbs, not trees. The earliest reference to nutmeg is probably in the Zhu fan zhi of 1225. However, most Chinese references to rou doukou long after that date still refer to a plant of the ginger family.
Two Stories Written in Eastern Turki as Part of the Swedish Missionary Work (Svenska Missionsförbundet) in East Turkistan
Authors: Erbay Fatih
Published: August 2023

Religious texts are written in understandable language due to their instructive and preaching characteristics. Although different methods are used in these texts, the form of ‘narration/storytelling’ is prominent. In this article, two stories, ‘The House of Hasan’ and ‘The Story of the Nightingale,’ which were published in Eastern Turki by Swedish missionaries in the East Turkistan region with the Swedish Mission Press, are evaluated by considering their stylistic features. While these stories were written in Eastern Turki, Arabic and Persian words, which the public often saw in works related to the Islamic religion, were also frequently used. Such linguistic choices are related to the source person’s message to the receiver and the importance of the receiver’s easy understanding of the text.
A Unique Śaṅkhalipi (Shell-script) Inscription from Si Thep, Thailand
Authors: Salomon Richard , Revire Nicolas
Published: August 2023

Inscriptions in the highly calligraphic and still undeciphered śaṅkhalipi or ‘shell script’ have been found by the hundreds in most parts of India except the far south, typically in conjunction with sites and monuments dating from around the Gupta period and succeeding centuries. To date, four specimens have also been discovered in the Indonesian archipelago, in West Java and West Kalimantan (Borneo). Another specimen of śaṅkhalipi inscription, engraved on a pillar and exceptionally ornate, was recently discovered in Thailand at the site of Si Thep, a moated early settlement in Phetchabun Province. The article reviews the historical and cultural contexts of shell-script inscriptions in India and discusses the significance of this remarkable first specimen found in mainland Southeast Asia.
Az ómega-3 zsírsavak jelentősége a nem alkoholos zsírmájbetegség kezelésében
Authors: Makó Rebeka Anna , Egresi Anna , Blázovics Anna , Oszlányi Réka , Hagymási Krisztina
Published: August 2023

Napjainkban a nem alkoholos zsírmájbetegség a leggyakoribb idült májbetegség,
ennek ellenére nincs egyértelműen elfogadott, hatékony terápiája. Az bizonyos,
hogy a betegségben szenvedők száma egyre növekszik, emiatt a megelőzés, a
kezelés és a társbetegségek felismerése kiemelten fontos. A jelenlegi evidencia
szerint a nem alkoholos zsírmájbetegség kialakulásának hátterében különböző
eredetű, kóroki tényezők állhatnak. A fő kórokok között a genetikai faktorok,
továbbá a szerzett környezeti hatások, valamint az életmód szerepelnek.
Életmód-változtatással, azaz az ártó tényezők kiküszöbölésével, csökkentésével
akár visszafordítható is lehet a májkárosodás a betegség stádiumától függően.
Ebben az összefoglaló közleményben röviden áttekintjük a betegség
patofiziológiáját, a kockázati tényezőket, valamint a terápiás lehetőségeket,
azon belül elsősorban az életmód-változtatást (az étrendi változtatásokat, a
fizikai aktivitás növelését és a testsúlycsökkenést). Továbbá az ómega-3
zsírsavak – mint az eikozapentaénsav és a dokozahexaénsav – jelentőségét is
részletesen bemutatjuk. Ismereteink bővülése a jövőben a nem alkoholos
zsírmájbetegség egyénre szabott kezelésének kidolgozását segítheti. Orv Hetil.
2023; 164(33): 1294–1299.
John Wesley como homo viator eschatologicum, visto em uma perspectiva ricoeuriana
Authors: Ribeiro Lucas Andrade , Renders Helmut
Published: August 2023

Este artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento e as modificações das convicções escatológicos de John Wesley ao longo da sua vida como resultado correspondente à sua identidade teológica de um homo viator [theologicum], caraterizada pela tentativa de integrar no seu pensamento teológico e em sua práxis religiosa, tanto as demandas de diversas realidades sociais quanto de tradições religiosas distintas com raízes no pensamento oriundo da Antiguidade e da Época Medieval chegando até a Modernidade. Olharemos para John Wesley como um homo viator eschatologicum, que perpassa pelo processo interpretativo explicitado por Paul Ricoeur. Logo, olhamos para o teólogo inglês como um hermeneuta que vive em meio aos sentidos da existência, que se constroem no diálogo entre os textos da vida, metaforicamente analisados sob a ótica do ser humano caminhante.
Construction of C1-Smooth Piecewise Quadratic Functions for Solving Boundary Value Problems of Fourth-Order Equations on a Triangular Grid
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Klyachin Aleksey , Verevkin Ilya ,   Volgograd State University
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we present one approach to constructing continuously differentiable piecewise-quadratic functions on a triangular grid, based on smoothing a piecewise-linear function in the vicinity of edges and triangulation nodes. In the works [8], [7], the issues of approximation of the functional (1) in triangular grids and the convergence of the variational method for solving the boundary value problem of the equation (2) were studied. However, in the numerical solution there are difficulties associated with the construction of continuously differentiable piecewise polynomial functions on triangulations. In particular, their construction requires solving large systems of equations at each step of the variational method. When trying to get by with only continuous piecewise polynomial functions, we got a negative result (divergence of approximate solutions was found) [9]. In this paper, we circumvent the difficulties that arise — we indicate a method for constructing piecewise polynomial functions that have continuous partial derivatives. With the help of this class of functions, we have obtained formulas for approximating the functional (1) and tested the method on the example of a biharmonic equation.
Calculation of the Effective Mass Tensor in ε - and ξ -Phosphorene by the Density Functional Theory Method
Authors:   Volgograd State Technical University, Badikova Polina , Zav’yalov Dmitry ,   Volgograd State Technical University, Konchenkov Vladimir ,   Volgograd State Technical University, Sivashova Ekaterina ,   Volgograd State Technical University
Published: August 2023

In this work, the effective mass tensor was obtained from the law of dispersion of electrons in the conduction band of various allotropic modifications of phosphorene, calculated using the density functional theory. For calculations, we used the quantum chemical modeling package, OpenMX, which significantly reduces the calculation time for systems consisting of hundreds and thousands of atoms. Comparison of the obtained results of tensors for black and blue phosphorene with other works showed the correctness of the methods used, which were subsequently applied to other less studied allotropic modifications of phosphorene. In particular, ε- and ξ-phosphorene were studied, which are characterized by a non-hexagonal crystal lattice with an indirect band gap. This may be of interest from the point of view of discovering interesting acoustic-electronic properties in these materials, for example, resonant absorption of acoustic waves. Parallels between allotropes are drawn. From the point of view of effective mass tensors, ε-phosphorene is isotropic, like blue phosphorene, while ξ-phosphorene, on the contrary, has a non-isotropic structure, like black phosphorene. The results obtained during the study can be used in further study of the physical properties of materials, such as conductivity and photovoltaic effects.
Phyllophages of Woody Plants in Recreational and Landscaping Plantings of Volgograd
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Nguyen Minh , Ivantsova Elena ,   Volgograd State University
Published: August 2023

The article provides general information on the taxonomic composition and features of the quantitative abundance of arthropods-phyllophages of woody plants that form the basis of recreational and landscaping plantings of the urbanized territory of Volgograd. Entomological studies were carried out in 2020–2022 in landscaping plantings of different types and categories by visual inspection of foliage and needles, manual collection of insects and collection by mowing with an entomological net in the spring-summer and summerautumn periods. As a result of long-term entomological studies, 108 species of phyllophages were identified on the examined tree species. For the most widespread pest species, data on population density, extensiveness and intensity of damage to tree species (elm, poplar, robinia, pine) are presented. The analysis of the taxonomic abundance of phyllophages revealed in the composition of the considered complex, including alien species of insects for the fauna of the region, damaging woody plants in recreational and landscaping plantings.
Distribution of Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray on the Territory of the Volgograd Region
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Maltsev Mikhail , Sagalaev Vadim ,   Volgograd State University
Published: August 2023

Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray was noted in floristic finds in the Volgograd region a little over 30 years ago. Apparently, it was brought along with imported grain material, because the first finds are confined to agricultural land. Since then, this adventitious grass has begun to actively spread in the south of Russia. This article provides updated information on the findings of plant communities dominated by Sporobolus cryptandrus in the Volgograd region. This material allows us to determine the trends in the distribution of invasive grass in the region and significantly supplement the forecasts of the dispersal of Sporobolus cryptandrus in southern Russia. In the course of field research, the authors discovered new, previously not noted in the literature, habitats of Sporobolus cryptandrus to the north and east of the known boundaries. All discovered populations are subject to description. They carry out geobotanical descriptions that are accumulated in an electronic database. The descriptions contain GPS coordinates, detailed ecological characteristics, and a list of higher vascular plants from the floristic environment of Sporobolus cryptandrus, indicating abundance and projective coverage. In the course of the analysis of the obtained data, the authors determined the main directions and methods of dispersal Sporobolus skrytostamens. Plant communities, dominated by Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray, demonstrate high distribution dynamics. Intruding into ruderal plant communities of disturbed sandy soils and into natural phytocenoses of sandy steppes and riverine sandy terraces, this adventive North American species has a serious potential to irreversibly change the appearance of psammophytic plant communities in the Volgograd region and southern Russia as a whole.
Geoinformation Analysis of the Relief of the Astrakhan Trans-Volga Region
Authors:   Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Melikhova Alina
Published: August 2023

The Astrakhan Trans-Volga region belongs to the dry-steppe and semi-desert zones, in connection with which deflation and desertification pose the greatest danger to this territory. For mapping, the Krasnoyarsk and Kharabalinsky municipal districts of the Astrakhan region were selected, which are located on the territory of the Northern Caspian Sea and are most susceptible to intense desertification processes. In addition, the study area is characterized by thin soils, so the development of desertification processes is a rapidly growing and hardly reversible process. The relevance of the analysis of the relief of the territory is due to the influence of geomorphological characteristics on the magnitude and dynamics of erosive land degradation. The research methodology is based on the use of geoinformation systems for the development of analytical maps based on digital elevation models and geostatistical analysis of the spatial distribution of its structure. Geostatistical analysis is a part of the geoinformation analysis of the relief, thanks to which the description of the physical and geographical scheme of the interaction of landscape components is carried out. Geoinformation analysis of the Astrakhan Trans-Volga region revealed that 63% of the territory has an inclination angle from 0 to 1°, and 90% does not exceed 3.0°. The distribution of the territory by orientation relative to the cardinal points is uneven; the main part of the territory (74.38%) has a southern exposure. The territories with the western, eastern and southeastern exposure (1.21%, 0.05%, and 5.19%, respectively) received the least distribution in quantitative terms. The research results are presented with analytical relief maps, elevation ranges in the study area, and slope steepness. These results make it possible to assess the erosion hazard of such areas and develop measures to prevent their degradation in advance.
Disciples of Pasteur from Russia — 2
Authors: Karapats Maxim M. , Kraeva Lyudmila A.
Published: August 2023

In 2022, a global scientific community noted the 200th anniversary of the outstanding scientist, one of founders of a science of microbiology Louis Pasteur. Pasteurs works promoted formation of the microbic theory and gave a momentum to a search of ways for prevention of infections, including hospital ones. Among Pasteurs disciples and colleagues are E. Ru, I.I. Mechnikov as well as many Russian scientists. Not all family names of Pasteurs disciples were revealed to a wide range of readers. Much of them returned home and to bring a marked contribution to development of microbiology and immunology in Russia. Here, we continue seek out and return biographies of the Russian scientists Louis Pasteurs disciples. Among Russian scientists who passed school of Pasteur Institute there may be mentioned many graduates of one of the oldest medical institutions of Russia Military Medical academy as well as associates of I.I. Mechnikov and N.F. Gamalei J.J. Bardach, S.I. Zlatogorov, N.I. Chistovich, L.A. Tarasevich; renowned surgeons V.A. Ratimov and V.A. Oppel, one of founders of Pasteur Institute in Saint Petersburg P.P. Maslakovets. Many Pasteurs followers took part in creating the institute resembling Pasteur Institute nowadays known as the Institute of Experimental Medicine. In the latter regard, we mention E.F. Shperk, V.I. Nedrigajlov, etc. Moreover, it is also necessary to note the first woman in Russia Doctor P.V. Tsiklinskuju who was awarded a title Professor of Bacteriology. Pasteurs disciples received theoretical and practical knowledge from their teacher and returned to own Fatherlands to fully serve with full dedication. They brought with new methods of scientific research and diagnostics of infectious diseases, used already known immune serums and vaccine preparations and developed their own similar agents to combat infections that were relevant in those years: rabies, plague, cholera, typhoid fever, tuberculosis. All Russian scientists, disciples of Louis Pasteur as well as its friend and colleague I.I. Mechnikov continued to serve to a society owing to great achievements in the field of microbiology by transferring own knowledge and experience to numerous disciples continuers of work of the great scientist Louis Pasteur. Many of them were immortalized in the names of research institutes, departments and laboratories.
Evolution of herd SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity in the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Popova Anna Yu. , Smirnov Viacheslav S. , Egorova Svetlana A. , Tarasenko Alexander A. , Dashkevich Alla M. , Milichkina Angelica M. , Skuranovich Angela  L. , Drozd Irina V. , Glinskaya Irina N. , Zueva Elena V. , Samoilovich Elena O. , Ivanov Valery A. , Ramsay Edward Smith , Gubanova Alexandra V. , Drobyshevskaya Victoria G. , Zhimbaeva Oyuna B. , Petrova Olga A. , Razumovskaya Alexandra P. , Karaban Inna A. , Amvrosyeva Tamara V. , Shmeleva Natalya P. , Rubanik Lyudmila V. , Dronina Alina M. , Totolian Areg A.
Published: August 2023

Background. The course of the COVID-19 epidemic process depends on population immunity which prevents pathogen spread. Aim: to study an evolution of SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity in the Belarusian population rela- tive to COVID-19 pandemic dynamics.
Materials and methods. The work was carried out according to a methodology for assessing herd immunity developed by Rospotrebnadzor (Russia) and the Belarusian Ministry of Health involving the St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute (SPPI) by taking into account the WHO recommendations. The study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of Belarus and the SPPI Bioethics Committee. Participant selection was carried out by ques- tionnaire using a cloud (internet server) service. To monitor herd immunity, a cohort of 4661 subjects (involved at all stages of seromonitoring) was formed from the total volunteer group. Study subjects were randomized into groups based on age (117, 1829, 3039, 4049, 5059, 6069, 70+ years), geographic region, and occupation. For the detection of antibodies (Abs) against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (Nc) and S glycoprotein receptor-binding domain (RBD), rel- evant assay systems were used according to the manufacturers instructions. A four-stage study was conducted according to a unified scheme.
Results. At stage 1 (pandemic month 15), herd immunity was mainly accounted for by Nc+RBD+ Ab status alone. By stage 2 (4 months later), its specific proportion decreased by 1.2-fold, whereas percentage of subjects solely bearing RBD-specific Abs increased by 1.7-fold. At stages 3 and 4 (9 and 19 months after the onset) vs. stage 2, percent- age of subjects with RBD+Nc decreased by 3.5%; the proportion of persons with Nc+RBD Abs increased by 1.5-fold.
The most important contributor in herd immunity turned out to be due to population vaccination, with coverage reaching 70% by stage 4. Among vaccines, compared with whole-virion, inactivated BIBP-CorV vaccine the Sputnik V and Sputnik Light vector were used most often.
Conclusion. The evolution of herd SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity included a series of changes in circulating Ab levels (Nc, RBD). The hybrid immunity formed helped to reduce the incidence of COVID-19 to sporadic level.
INVESTIGATION OF BACTERIAL AND VIRAL SLOW INTERVERTEBRAL DISC INFECTIONS
Authors: Isroilov Somon Kurbonovich , Shigapov Marsel Albertovich , Murasov Artur , Kuzhabaeva Aliya Gumerovna , Nikonorov Kirill , Skudarnova Maria Vyacheslavovna
Published: August 2023

Objective. Currently, few publications have been available regarding an effect of level, type of intrusion, and viral infections on spinal disc degeneration. The study was aimed to evaluate an incidence of indolent bacterial and viral intervertebral disc infections in unstratified group of patients operated on for spinal degenerative pathologies.

Material and methods. For the study, intraoperative disc samples were collected from patients who underwent discectomy and total spinal fusion surgery for degenerative pathologies between the years December, 2018 to January, 2020. 447 samples were examined obtained from 392 patients (189 women and 203 men) with a mean age of 58.1 years.

The following epidemiological and clinical data were collected: gender, age, spinal segments affected, type of surgical approach, preoperative C-reactive protein (CRP; reference range 0.00.5 mg/dL), and preoperative as well as 6-month postoperative ODI and NDI, both expressed as a percentage. The incidence of postoperative infections within six months after surgery as well as MI for each operated segment was assessed. Only patients with ventral cervical or dorsal thoracic access were enrolled in the study. In the lumbar region, the ventral assess was chosen for anterior lumbar interbody fusion, the lateral approach for oblique or extreme lateral interbody fusion, and the dorsal approach in case of standard microdiscectomy of posterior transforaminal interbody fusion or transforaminal interbody fusion.

A logistic regression analysis was performed to model a risk of positive microbiological culture and a risk of emerging modal changes by using a set of independent variables selected in a stepwise manner by using the Akaike information criterion as a measure of quality of select procedure.

Results. MRI for modal analysis was available for all 447 segments. MRI revealed 45 type 1 SCs (10.07% of all segments), 118 type 2 SCs (26.4%), and 5 type 3 SCs (1.12%). Microbiological culture was available in 410 segments. In these 410 segments, 39 type 1 MCs, 113 type 2 MCs, and 5 type 3 MCs were found. A statistically significant relationship was found between SC type 2 and a positive microbiological result (p = 0.0127). In contrast, there were no statistically significant associations for type 1 and type 3 SCs (p=0.3052 and p=0.0767, respectively).

Conclusion. A relation between disc degeneration and infections seems unlikely. Histopathological evidence of inflammation in degenerated discs is rare and unrelated to microbiological findings.