bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive Contribution of Personality Traits in Career Decision-Making: A Test of the Social Cognitive Model of Career Self-Management
Authors: Azpilicueta Ana Estefanía , Ghio Fernanda Belén , Cupani Marcos , Garrido Sebastián Jesús , Morán Valeria
Published: October 2023

The current study sought to test hypotheses derived from the social cognitive model of career self-management (CSM; Lent & Brown, 2013) applied to the process of career exploration and decision-making. We examined how well personality traits, contextual factors, and social cognitive predictors, collectively, account for exploration behavior and career decision-making outcomes. Specifically, we determine the relationships between personality traits with career decision self-efficacy, career goals, and decisional criteria in a sample of 302 high school students. The participants completed domain-specific measures of four personality traits (conscientiousness, intellect/openness, extraversion, and neuroticism), social support, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, goals, level of career indecision, and decisional anxiety. The model fit the data well overall, though certain predictors were linked to the criterion variables only indirectly via mediated pathways. The structural equation model analysis suggested, consistent with previous studies, that the contribution of personality on career exploration and decision-making was mediated by sociocognitive mechanisms. Multiple group analysis suggests that neither sex nor the type of institution (state/private) that students attend determines the relationships among the variables of the proposed theoretical model. Limitations, further research, practical implications, and methodological implications for the CSM model are discussed.
Assessing Survey Items on Social Norms Relating to Dating and Relationship Violence and to Gender: Cognitive Interviews with Young People in England
Authors: Meiksin Rebecca , Ponsford Ruth , Kyegombe Nambusi , Kohli Anjalee , Bonell Chris
Published: October 2023

Widespread among adolescents in England, dating and relationship violence (DRV) is associated with subsequent injuries and serious mental health problems. While DRV prevention interventions often aim to shift harmful social norms, no established measures exist to assess relevant norms and their role in mediating DRV outcomes. We conducted cognitive interviews exploring the understandability and answerability of candidate measures of social norms relating to DRV and gender roles, informing measure refinement. In all, 11 participants aged 13 to 15 from one school in England participated. Cognitive interviews tested two items assessing descriptive norms (beliefs about what behaviors are typical), three assessing injunctive norms (beliefs about what is socially acceptable), and (for comparison) one assessing personal attitudes. Findings were summarized by drawing on interview notes. Summaries and interview notes were subjected to thematic analysis. For some participants, injunctive norms items required further explanation to clarify that items asked about others’ views, not their own. Lack of certainty about, and perceived heterogeneity of, behaviors and views among a broad reference group detracted from answerability. Participants were better able to answer items for which they could draw on concrete experiences of observing or discussing relevant behaviors or social sanctions. Data suggest that a narrowed reference group could improve answerability for items assessing salient norms. Findings informed refinements to social norms measures. It is possible to develop social norms measures that are understandable and answerable for adolescents in England. Measures should assess norms that are salient and publicly manifest among a cohesive and influential reference group.
Conducting Virtual Interviews With Sexual Assault Survivors and Their Informal Supports During COVID-19 and Beyond
Authors: Ullman Sarah E.
Published: October 2023

The current paper describes the author’s experience conducting virtual interviews with sexual assault survivors and their informal supports (e.g., family, friend, partner) during the COVID-19 pandemic, drawing on past and present interviewing experiences with this population, and the recent literature on best practices for virtual interviewing and survivor/trauma-informed research methods. The experience of pivoting from past projects using face-to-face interview methods to doing virtual interviews with this population is presented and critically analyzed. Potential advantages and drawbacks of various methods and adaptations for doing virtual interviews in a dyadic sample of survivors and their informal supports are described to facilitate future research using virtual methods with sexual assault survivors and their informal supporters. Issues related to access (e.g., e.g., age, gender, race, ability, poverty) to interview participation are also noted as in need of more consideration. Finally, the impact on interviewers of doing this work in virtual versus face-to-face contexts is discussed.
Cobalt atom collapsed in a single chain of polymethyl methacrylate and its zinc oxide nanocomposite, thermal, electrical, and optical behaviors
Authors: Zebari Osama Ismail Haji , Demirelli Kadir , Sharaf Zeebaree Samie Yaseen , Tuncer Hülya
Published: October 2023

The copolymer precursor, poly [4-(4-vinylbenzyl)oxy)phthalonitrile]-co-methyl methacrylate (poly (VBOPN-co-MMA)), was synthesized through copolymerization of VBOPN and MMA at a temperature of 110°C. Subsequently, a single-chain polymer complex of cobalt phthalocyanine (SCP-CoPc) was formed at 150°C by intramolecular macrocyclization between the cobalt and the phthalonitrile group in poly (VBOPN-co-MMA), using excess cyclohexanol. The formation of the SCP-CoPc complex was confirmed through various spectroscopic techniques such as UV/Vis, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR. In particular, the disappearance of -CN band at 2232 cm−1 from FT-IR indicated the formation of the SCP-CoPc complex, while the presence of specific absorption bands in the UV/Vis spectrum further confirmed its creation. The electrical, dielectric, optical, and thermal properties of the SCP-CoPc complex and SCP-CoPc/ZnO 5% composites were investigated. The SCP-CoPc/ZnO 5 wt% nanocomposite exhibited improved dielectric and DC conductivity with increasing temperature. The activation energy (Ea) was found to be 0.35 eV for SCP-CoPc and 0.25 eV for SCP-CoPc/ZnO 5 wt% nanocomposite, indicating that the electrical conductivity followed the Arrhenius equation. The optical properties, including band gap, dielectric constant, and refractive index, were calculated for the SCP-CoPc/ZnO 5 wt% nanocomposite. The SCP-CoPc complex possessed a band gap of 2.89 eV, while the SCP-CoPc/ZnO 5 wt% nanocomposite had a slightly reduced band gap of 2.36 eV. The refractive indices of SCP-CoPc and SCP-CoPc/ZnO 5 wt% were also determined.
The Healthy Caregiver? A Positive Impact of Informal Caregiving Status on Cognitive Functions Over Time From the Midlife in the United States Study
Authors: Bhattacharyya Kallol Kumar , Liu Yin , Das Gupta Debasree , Molinari Victor , Fauth Elizabeth B.
Published: October 2023

Objectives

The current study examined whether informal caregivers performed worse, better, or similar to non-caregivers on cognitive tests of executive functioning and episodic memory over 10 years. Methods: Data were from waves 2 (2003–04) and 3 (2013–14) of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study ( N = 2086). Multiple linear regression models examined whether caregiving at both waves 2 and 3 predicted better cognitive functioning at wave 3, than caregiving at only one time point or no caregiving (reference) while controlling for baseline covariates (i.e., sociodemographic, health, and functional status).

Results

After controlling for covariates, caregiving at both waves was independently associated with better performance in episodic memory ( b = .24, SE = .10, p = .013) but not executive function ( b = −.06, SE = .05, p = .246). Discussion:The findings partially supported both healthy caregiver and stress process models, indicating caregiving may be associated with better episodic memory but not executive functioning over time among the middle-aged and older adults.
Abnormal presentation of pregnancy and postpartum initial-onset systemic lupus erythematosus combined with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage: A case report
Authors: Chu Ya-ya , Sun Meng-chun , Zhang Xiao-wei , Li Yi-fei , Dai Chun-qing , Wang Gui-hong
Published: October 2023

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that most commonly occurs in women of childbearing age. However, cases of SLE with abnormal pregnancy as the initial manifestation, involving the development of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH), have rarely been reported. Herein, we report the case of a young woman who underwent a cesarean section for fetal distress and growth restriction at 35 + 1 weeks’ gestation. Following discharge, she experienced progressive worsening of anemia and chest tightness, which was later diagnosed as SLE complicated by DAH.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Customer Experience in Service Design from 1999 to 2020
Authors: Intriago Víctor Ricardo Castillo , Villaverde Diana Barrón , Robles Guillermo Cortés
Published: October 2023

The customer experience in service design has recently revealed a growing interest in service research; the objective focuses on exploring the connection between customer experience and service design through a bibliometric analysis to examine growing interest. The methodology utilized Biblioshiny from the Bibliometrix Library of R software to process documents obtained from the Scopus database from 1999 to 2020. In parallel, the VOSviewer software executed the five types of bibliometric methods: citation analysis, co-citation analysis, bibliographic coupling, co-authorship analysis, and co-occurrence analysis. The main findings focus top 10 authors, 10 primary sources, 10 leading countries, 10 relevant affiliations, central clusters of collaborative networks, relevant authors and sources from influence and similarity, and principal connection concepts; therefore, customer experience in service design has become essential for scientific research and is rising in the European continent. Future research must consider methods to reinforce the fundamentals of service design and customer experience, technology to improve the customer experience in service design, services ecosystems for value co-creation, and the customer’s experience in the physical environment of the services.
Are Borders a Burden? Debates and Counter-Narratives on Nigeria’s National Security
Authors: Awosusi Oladotun E. , Valery Ferim
Published: October 2023

Nigeria is in a security quandary. The country’s security debacles are impacting its socio-economic and political landscapes. Aside from the protracted Boko Haram terrorism, banditry and kidnapping have taken on momentary dimensions in the country. Many studies have attributed this menace to the porous and ill-manned status of Nigerian borders, which lend ambience to unwholesome intrusions and thus render the borders a national burden. This study unpacks the state of Nigeria’s borders vis-à-vis the national security experiences of the country. It argues that, beyond the ‘porosity’ debates and narratives, the lingering cross-border challenges are the effects of patronage networks and internal crises that have engulfed domestic lives and state politics. It submits further that, notwithstanding the subjective colonial status and the uncoordinated management agenda of Nigeria’s borders, they have inherent geo-strategic potentials and advantages capable of transforming national lives and enhancing state security.
Developing Trust in Collaborative Research: Utilizing Indigenous Pacific Methodologies to Create Dialogue Within Research Teams
Authors: Hardin Jessica , Enari Dion , Phillips Tarryn , Aiavao Tausala , Boodoosingh Ramona , Fulu Aiolupotea Saunima’a Ma , Lua Pakilau Manase , Lees Tauaitala , Lima Uila Laifa , Samuelu Matthes Sala Maatasesa , Maua Faleula , Poltorak Mike , Ravuvu Amerita , Taylor John , Taufa Seini , Waqa Gade
Published: October 2023

This article explores the processes involved in developing international, cross-cultural research teams. Scholarship on Indigenous and Pacific Methodologies demonstrate the importance of employing methodologies that center Indigenous approaches to research and relationships. This article explores using these methodologies within research teams as a preliminary step in developing sustainable and impactful international, cross-cultural research teams. Although this is not a formal study, the article reports that the importance of building trust within research teams as an essential step in addition to building trust with communities.
Commuting Accidents and Its Associated Factors Among Public Hospital Nurses in Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Fadzil Siti Sarah , Bulgiba Awang
Published: October 2023

Commuting accidents account for 48% of work-related accidents in Malaysia. However, commuting accidents among health care workers are understudied and formally reported commuting accident numbers among nurses are likely to be an underestimate of actual numbers. This is the first study in Malaysia to attempt to establish the true incidence and associated factors for commuting accidents among nurses in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the true incidence of commuting accidents and its associated factors among public hospital nurses in Selangor, Malaysia. A validated and pilot-tested self-reported questionnaires were distributed to all nurses via an online-based platform. This study found a significant difference between the incidence of formally reported and self-reported commuting accidents from 2018 to 2022, with incidence rates ranging between 0.3 and 8.6 per 1000 nurses. Multivariable logistic regression showed that nurses working in district hospitals had lower odds to be involved in commuting accidents, while nurses working in clinical departments and traveling longer distances between home and workplaces had increased odds of commuting accidents.
Profit-making, costs, and investments in the digitalization of retailing—The uneven trajectories of Carrefour, Amazon and Walmart (1995–2019)
Authors: Durand Cédric , Baud Céline
Published: October 2023

This article explores the metamorphosis of profit-making and profit uses in the context of retailing’s digital transition. To assess the qualitative mutations of the sector, it is not enough to focus on technological changes since the unequal operational development of firms is also the outcome of managerial strategies and financial policies. This research analyses them from an economic and accounting perspective. The contribution is twofold. First, at the conceptual level, it proposes an original combinatory outlook on value creation and value appropriation to account for the diversity of profit trajectories in the context of retail digitalization. Second, at the empirical level, it gathers essential information concerning the mutation of the sector based on a comparative analysis of the strategies and trajectories of Walmart—the industry leader—and two of its main challengers since the mid-nineties: the main historical rival, Carrefour, and the new entrant, Amazon. Stylized facts about their respective financial trajectories and a description of their engagement with digitalization enable the identification and the interpretation of their distinct dynamics. Beyond the retail sector, this article brings fresh insights to the wider literature on intellectual monopoly by questioning the nature of investment and the transformation of cost structure in the digital age.
The Next Generation of Pedagogy: Reflections from EdTech Leaders
Authors: Ritter Barbara A. , Gopalkrishnan Shalini S. , Sockbeson Caitlin E. Smith
Published: October 2023

Technology has changed rapidly in recent years and higher education has struggled to keep up. This article draws upon the expertise of three leaders in the Educational Technology (EdTech) industry to better understand how technology can be infused at the course level and at the curricular level to improve student learning. Best practices in teaching and learning are considered through the filter of EdTech to better understand where faculty can start to implement change. It is also suggested that faculty reconsider their notions of personal development to include not just keeping up with content, but also keeping up with how technology can maximize the student learning experience.
Research Status of Systemic Adjuvant Therapy for Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Hu Wenyu , Xu Dongdong , Li Nanlin
Published: October 2023

Breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the most common cause of cancer deaths, worldwide. Early breast cancers are treatment sensitive and patients under standardized treatment have prolonged. Breast cancer treatment has significantly evolved from the conventional surgical approach and radiotherapy to local and systemic adjuvant therapies. Though localized breast cancers are clinically manageable, distant recurrence is a cause of morbid concern. Adjuvant systemic therapy is effective in both distant and local recurrences and hence gained significant attention. Early breast cancer prognosis has greatly improved in the past 3 decades with reduced mortality rates due to the widespread use of adjuvant therapy. It can markedly increase the cure rate of breast cancers, and postoperative adjuvant therapy became a part of comprehensive breast cancer treatment. Further research to understand the early breast cancer characteristics could expand the treatment modalities that can improve the outcomes and survival benefits of breast cancer patients.
Writing a Hero: A Textual Struggle in Memory of Prof. Norman Denzin
Authors: Kien Grant
Published: October 2023

A struggle with text in memory of Prof. Norman Denzin. When we stack these treasures altogether, we build a monument.
Families with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and plasma cell dyscrasias in their pedigrees
Authors: Wiernik Peter H , Dutcher Janice P
Published: October 2023

Although reports of familial clustering of hematologic malignancies have appeared for decades, the cause(s) of this uncommon occurrence is still not completely understood. Most modern investigations, however, support a genetic rather than an environmental exposure as a cause of this observation. Most pedigrees of families with familial hematologic malignancies demonstrate age of onset anticipation, with the disease diagnosed at an earlier age in successive generations. The cause of this phenomenon is clear in some familial neurologic disorders (trinucleotide repeat expansion) but not at all clear in familial hematologic malignancies. In preparation for molecular studies of familial clustering of hematologic malignancies, we have collected pedigrees on 738 families and have previously demonstrated anticipation in those with familial plasma cell myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin lymphoma or non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Here we present data on 36 families with both plasma cell myeloma and NHL in their pedigrees and demonstrate strong evidence for anticipation in these families. We encourage all health care personnel to ask patients multiple times about family medical history and carefully take note of family histories from individuals with uncommon illnesses and to refer families with clustering of such illnesses for further investigation.
Cholesterol deficiency as a mechanism for autism: A valproic acid model
Authors: Peltier Morgan R. , Behbodikhah Jennifer , Renna Heather A. , Ahmed Saba , Srivastava Ankita , Arita Yuko , Kasselman Lora J. , Pinkhasov Aaron , Wisniewski Thomas , De Leon Joshua , Reiss Allison B.
Published: October 2023

Dysregulated cholesterol metabolism represents an increasingly recognized feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Children with fetal valproate syndrome caused by prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA), an anti-epileptic and mood-stabilizing drug, have a higher incidence of developing ASD. However, the role of VPA in cholesterol homeostasis in neurons and microglial cells remains unclear. Therefore, we examined the effect of VPA exposure on regulation of cholesterol homeostasis in the human microglial clone 3 (HMC3) cell line and the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. HMC3 and SH-SY5Y cells were each incubated in increasing concentrations of VPA, followed by quantification of mRNA and protein expression of cholesterol transporters and cholesterol metabolizing enzymes. Cholesterol efflux was evaluated using colorimetric assays. We found that VPA treatment in HMC3 cells significantly reduced ABCA1 mRNA, but increased ABCG1 and CD36 mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner. However, ABCA1 and ABCG1 protein levels were reduced by VPA in HMC3. Furthermore, similar experiments in SH-SY5Y cells showed increased mRNA levels for ABCA1, ABCG1, CD36, and 27-hydroxylase with VPA treatment. VPA exposure significantly reduced protein levels of ABCA1 in a dose-dependent manner, but increased the ABCG1 protein level at the highest dose in SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, VPA treatment significantly increased cholesterol efflux in SH-SY5Y, but had no impact on efflux in HMC3. VPA differentially controls the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1, but regulation at the transcriptional and translational levels are not consistent and changes in the expression of these genes do not correlate with cholesterol efflux in vitro.
Reward Functioning in General and Specific Psychopathology in Children and Adults
Authors: Saxena Ankita , Hartman Catharina A. , Blatt Steven D. , Fremont Wanda P. , Glatt Stephen J. , Faraone Stephen V. , Zhang-James Yanli
Published: October 2023

Objective:

Problems with reward processing have been implicated in multiple psychiatric disorders, but psychiatric comorbidities are common and their specificity to individual psychopathologies is unknown. Here, we evaluate the association between reward functioning and general or specific psychopathologies.

Method:

1,213 adults and their1,531 children (ages 6–12) completed various measures of the Positive Valence System domain from the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). Psychopathology was assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist for children and the Adult Self Report for parents.

Results:

One general factor identified via principal factors factor analysis explained most variance in psychopathology in both groups. Measures of reward were associated with the general factor and most specific psychopathologies. Certain reward constructs were associated solely with specific psychopathologies but not general psychopathology. However, some prior associations between reward and psychopathology did not hold following removal of comorbidity.

Conclusion:

Reward dysfunction is significantly associated with both general and specific psychopathologies.
Researching Eyesight Trends IN ADHD (RETINA)
Authors: Choudhury Rehan A. , Adducci Anthony J. , Sarwar Haider , Hale Elijah W.
Published: October 2023

Background:

There has been limited exploration of the relationship between ADHD and vision impairment, especially in relation to ADHD medication regimens and age. This study aims to examine trends in visual disorders in young patients with ADHD.

Methods:

We analyzed deidentified patient records from TriNetX database. Patients under 22 years old were divided into cohorts based on ADHD status and medication regimen. We compared prevalence of vision disorders between cohorts.

Results:

We studied over 1 million patients. The ADHD cohort had higher rates of all visual disorders than their non-ADHD peers. Medication usage was found to have a slight impact, with non-stimulants associating with higher rates for all outcomes.

Discussion:

Our findings suggest that the higher occurrence of visual disorders in ADHD is not primarily due to misdiagnosis or medication effects. There is a need for regular eye care in ADHD patients and further investigation into the role of ADHD medications in eye health.
Understanding ADHD in AAPI College Students: Prevalence, Comorbidities, Impairments, and Treatment Utilization
Authors: Jhawar Nandini , Antshel Kevin M.
Published: October 2023

Objective:

Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) students with ADHD may face increased risk for college maladjustment due to cultural factors and a tendency to delay treatment. This is the first study to examine ADHD prevalence, ADHD-related impairments and comorbidities, and ADHD treatment utilization in AAPI college students.

Method:

AAPI, White, Hispanic, and Black undergraduates ( n = 258,005) from the American College Health Association—National College Health Assessment II survey were included in the study.

Results:

AAPI students had lower ADHD prevalence rates than White and Black students, and similar prevalence to Hispanic students. AAPI students with ADHD had significantly higher risk for comorbidities and social and academic impairments, compared to White students with ADHD. Approximately half of AAPI students with ADHD did not utilize treatment despite experiencing psychiatric comorbidities and functional impairments.

Conclusion:

AAPI college students with ADHD are underutilizing treatment despite elevated psychiatric comorbidities and functional impairment.
Help-Seeking Barriers for Latinx Victims of Intimate Partner Homicide: Insight From Survivors, Advocates, and Community Practitioners
Authors: Garza Alondra D. , Macias R. Lillianne , Mercado Diaz Vanesa , O’Connor Rasheeda , Nava Nancy , Guadalupe-Díaz Xavier L.
Published: October 2023

Limited studies have considered the experiences of Latinx intimate partner homicide (IPH) survivors. A federally designated, culturally specific gender-based violence resource center partnered with nine community-based organizations to enhance culturally specific knowledge on IPH prevention by conducting listening sessions and key informant interviews with Latinx survivors, advocates, and community practitioners. The current study analyzed data from the larger project to explore help-seeking barriers encountered by Latinx IPH survivors, specifically cisgender and transgender women. Results identified six themes impacting help-seeking: an inaccessible criminal justice system, inequitable resources, immigrant identity, gender role beliefs and expectations, a lack of culturally sensitive services, and family concerns. Policy implications and future research are discussed.
Mobilizing or Sedative Effects? A Narrative Review of the Association Between Intergroup Contact and Collective Action Among Advantaged and Disadvantaged Groups
Authors: Cocco Veronica Margherita , Vezzali Loris , Stathi Sofia , Di Bernardo Gian Antonio , Dovidio John F.
Published: October 2023

Academic Abstract

In this narrative review, we examined 134 studies of the relationship between intergroup contact and collective action benefiting disadvantaged groups. We aimed to identify whether, when, and why contact has mobilizing effects (promoting collective action) or sedative effects (inhibiting collective action). For both moderators and mediators, factors associated with the intergroup situation (compared with those associated with the out-group or the in-group) emerged as the most important. Group status had important effects. For members of socially advantaged groups (examined in 98 studies, 100 samples), contact had a general mobilizing effect, which was stronger when contact increased awareness of experiences of injustice among members of disadvantaged groups. For members of disadvantaged groups (examined in 49 studies, 58 samples), contact had mixed effects. Contact that increased awareness of injustice mobilized collection action; contact that made the legitimacy of group hierarchy or threat of retaliation more salient produced sedative effects.

Public Abstract

We present a review of existing studies that have investigated the relationship between intergroup contact and collective action aimed at promoting equity for disadvantaged groups. We further consider the influence of contact that is positive or negative and face-to-face or indirect (e.g., through mass or social media), and we distinguish between collective action that involves socially acceptable behaviors or is destructive and violent. We identified 134 studies, considering both advantaged (100 samples) and disadvantaged groups (58 samples). We found that intergroup contact impacts collective action differently depending on group status. Contact generally leads advantaged groups to mobilize in favor of disadvantaged groups. However, contact has variable effects on members of disadvantaged groups: It sometimes promotes their collective action in support of their own group; in other cases, it leads them to be less likely to engage in such action. We examine when and why contact can have these different effects.
A Preliminary Study of Correlates of Premature Birth and Their Influence on Cortisol Levels in Young Children
Authors: Kloosterboer Sophia , Anolda Naber Fabiënne Bertina , Heyman Hiltje , Hoffmann-Haringsma Angelique , Brunt Tibor Markus
Published: October 2023

Objective

The HPA-axis is programmed during early infancy, but a lot is unknown about the programming of the HPA-axis in prematurely born or small for gestational age (SGA) children. Therefore, the aim of this preliminary study was to investigate the influence of prematurity and variables associated with birth on cortisol levels in young children.

Methods

Cortisol was measured in a cross-sectional design in 38 premature born participants (<37 weeks of gestation), aged between 3 – 9 years old. Correlates of prematurity (degree of prematurity and birth delivery route) were investigated in relationship with cortisol levels with regression analysis.

Results

Corrected for sex, delivery by C-section was associated with lower cortisol levels in the children ( ß = −.42, p = .028), with an explained variance of 34%.

Conclusion

Birth delivery route by C-section is associated with lowered (or flattened) cortisol levels in children born prematurely. This is clinically relevant and might have important implications, because an HPA-axis disturbance might lead to developmental problems later on in life. However, future research is necessary to investigate the underlying indications for performing a C-section, which will help to understand factors that influence the HPA-axis development in children born prematurely.
Real-world data analysis for the association of glucose control and mortality in critically ill patients
Authors: Kalamaras Ilias , Dafoulas George , Bargiota Alexandra , Votis Konstantinos
Published: October 2023

Existing results regarding the usage of glycemic control in critically ill patients for reduced morbidity and mortality have been based on clinical studies but could not be reproduced in large prospective studies. Current guidelines for glycemic control suggest a target blood glucose of 140–180 mg/dL, with lower targets being appropriate for some patients. The current study aims to provide additional evidence to this area, through the usage of real-world retrospective data of everyday clinical practice. We have used the large, credentialed access database MIMIC-IV to assess the effect of glycemic control to patient mortality. Glycemic control has been characterized by the percentage of time that the glucose measurements fall within pre-specified glucose bands. Results from logistic regression and survival analysis are reported, along with visualizations based on methods from the machine learning literature, which all suggest that increased time in low and high glucose values is related to increased ICU mortality and decreased survival.
Acoustic cloaking design based on penetration manipulation with combination acoustic metamaterials
Authors: Luyun Chen , Xichun Huang
Published: October 2023

The acoustic wave transmission manipulation ability is the most important performance for the acoustic metamaterials. To manipulate the acoustic transmission, the combination acoustic metamaterials structures are involved, and the two-directional acoustic penetration cloaking scheme are constructed. The combination acoustic metamaterials include chiral metamaterials and self-collimation metamaterials, the acoustic wave transmission path are manipulated to bypass from the acoustic scattering target in the penetration cloaking, and the target scattering stealth problem are effectively solved. In the end, the acoustic transmission manipulation performances are verified by numerical analysis with a finite-width acoustic metamaterial structure plates. The results provide technical support for design and application for acoustic transmission manipulation with acoustic metamaterials.
Peer-Delivered Modified Schema-Based Instruction in Word Problem-Solving for High-School Students with Intellectual Disability
Authors: Gilley Deidre , Root Jenny , Saunders Alicia , Cox Sarah , Bryan Cara
Published: October 2023

There is a growing body of evidence on the effectiveness of modified schema-based instruction (MSBI) for teaching word problem-solving alongside other important skills, such as self-determination and mathematical discourse and reasoning. Yet the majority of studies have not been conducted in naturalistic instructional arrangements. We report single-case design quantitative data from a mixed methods study that sought to evaluate the effectiveness and social validity of peer-delivered MSBI with high school students who were engaged in an established peer mentoring program. Results from the single-case multiple probe across participants design demonstrate a functional relation between peer-delivered MSBI and math problem-solving behaviors. All mentees with intellectual disability independently solved multiplicative comparison word problems following intervention and most maintained and generalized to a socially significant degree. Mentors delivered the intervention as designed and supported their mentees in expressing reasoning to justify their solutions. We provide recommendations for research and practice aimed at increasing expectations and opportunities for secondary students with intellectual disability regarding the use of peer-mediated interventions for academic skills.
Movement Toward Critical Consciousness and Humility Through Family as Faculty Approaches
Authors: Santamaría Graff Cristina , Ballesteros Melissa
Published: October 2023

This qualitative study examined preservice special education teachers’ (PSETs) movement toward critical consciousness and humility in working with families of children with disabilities using a Freirean lens grounded in three phases of consciousness: intransitive, transitive, and critical consciousness. The authors expanded upon a Family as Faculty (FAF) framework integrating Freire’s understandings of consciousness applied to the ways that PSETs work with and learn from parents/families of children with disabilities. Using FAF-related activities, PSETs demonstrated varying levels of consciousness as operationalized through specific comments or behaviors. Eight PSET-Parent pairs participated in this study. The focus of analysis was on PSETs’ reflections. Findings indicated that though the majority of PSETs demonstrated movement or growth toward becoming more “conscious,” many PSETs remained in the transitive phase: they could identify inequitable and marginalizing practices impacting students but were not at a consciousness level where they connected these injustices to systemic issues.
Free-Living Peak Cadence in Multiple Sclerosis: A New Measure of Real-World Walking?
Authors: Zheng Peixuan , Jeng Brenda , Huynh Trinh L. T. , Aguiar Elroy J. , Motl Robert W.
Published: October 2023

Background

Physical function and walking performance have become important outcomes in clinical trials and rehabilitation involving persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, assessments conducted in controlled settings may not reflect real-world capacity and movement in a natural environment. Peak cadence via accelerometry might represent a novel measure of walking intensity and prolonged natural effort under free-living conditions.

Objective

We compared peak 30-minute cadence, peak 1-minute cadence, and time spent in incremental cadence bands between persons with MS and healthy controls, and examined the associations between peak cadence and laboratory-assessed physical function and walking performance.

Methods

Participants (147 MS and 54 healthy controls) completed questionnaires on disability status and self-reported physical activity, underwent the Short Physical Performance Battery, Timed 25-Foot Walk, Timed Up and Go, and 6-Minute Walk, and wore an accelerometer for 7 days. We performed independent samples t-tests and Spearman bivariate and partial correlations adjusting for daily steps.

Results

The MS sample demonstrated lower physical function and walking performance scores, daily steps, and peak cadence ( P < .001), and spent less time in purposeful steps and slow-to-brisk walking (40-119 steps/minutes), but accumulated more incidental movement (1-19 steps/minutes) than healthy controls. The associations between peak cadence and performance outcomes were strong in MS (| rs| = 0.59-0.68) and remained significant after controlling for daily steps (| prs| = 0.22-0.44), P-values < .01. Peak cadence was inversely correlated with age and disability, regardless of daily steps ( P < .01).

Conclusions

Our findings provide preliminary evidence for the potential use of peak cadence with step-based metrics for comprehensively evaluating free-living walking performance in MS.
Combined Reactive and Volitional Step Training Improves Balance Recovery and Stepping Reaction Time in People With Parkinson’s Disease: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Pelicioni Paulo H. S. , Lord Stephen R. , Menant Jasmine C. , Chaplin Carly , Canning Collen , Brodie Matthew A. , Sturnieks Daina L. , Okubo Yoshiro
Published: October 2023

Background

Falls are frequent and devastating events for people with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here, we investigated whether laboratory-based reactive step training combined with home-based volitional step training was effective in improving balance recovery and stepping ability in people with PD.

Methods

Forty-four people with idiopathic PD were randomized into intervention or control groups. Intervention participants performed unsupervised volitional step training using home-based exergames (80+ minutes/week) for 12 weeks and attended reactive step training sessions in which they were exposed to slip and trip perturbations at 4 and 8 weeks. Control participants continued their usual activities. Primary outcomes were balance recovery following an induced-trip/slip and choice stepping reaction time (CSRT) at the 12-week reassessment. Secondary outcomes comprised sensorimotor, balance, cognitive, psychological, complex stepping (inhibitory CSRT and Stroop Stepping Test [SST]), gait measures, and falls experienced in everyday life.

Results

At reassessment, the intervention group had significantly fewer total laboratory-induced falls and faster CSRT compared to the control group ( P < .05). The intervention group also had significantly faster inhibitory CSRT and SST movement times and made fewer mistakes in the SST ( P < .05). There were no significant differences in the rate of every day falls or other secondary outcome measures between the groups.

Conclusion

Combined volitional and reactive step training improved balance recovery from an induced-perturbation, voluntary stepping time, and stepping accuracy in cognitively challenging tests in people with PD. Further research is required to determine whether such combined step training can prevent daily-life falls in this population.
A Systematic Review of the Learning Dynamics of Proprioception Training: Specificity, Acquisition, Retention, and Transfer
Authors: Seo Han Gil , Yun Seo Jung , Farrens Andria J. , Johnson Christopher A. , Reinkensmeyer David J.
Published: October 2023

Objective:

We aimed to identify key aspects of the learning dynamics of proprioception training including: 1) specificity to the training type, 2) acquisition of proprioceptive skills, 3) retention of learning effects, and 4) transfer to different proprioceptive skills.

Methods:

We performed a systematic literature search using the database (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and PEDro). The inclusion criteria required adult participants who underwent any training program that could enhance proprioceptive function, and at least 1 quantitative assessment of proprioception before and after the intervention. We analyzed within-group changes to quantify the effectiveness of an intervention.

Results:

In total, 106 studies with 343 participant-outcome groups were included. Proprioception-specific training resulted in large effect sizes with a mean improvement of 23.4 to 42.6%, nonspecific training resulted in medium effect sizes with 12.3 to 22% improvement, and no training resulted in small effect sizes with 5.0 to 8.9% improvement. Single-session training exhibited significant proprioceptive improvement immediately (10 studies). For training interventions with a midway evaluation (4 studies), trained groups improved by approximately 70% of their final value at the midway point. Proprioceptive improvements were largely maintained at a delayed follow-up of at least 1 week (12 studies). Finally, improvements in 1 assessment were significantly correlated with improvements in another assessment (10 studies).

Conclusions:

Proprioceptive learning appears to exhibit several features similar to motor learning, including specificity to the training type, 2 time constant learning curves, good retention, and improvements that are correlated between different assessments, suggesting a possible, common mechanism for the transfer of training.
My Voice Matters: Native American Families Advocating for Children With Disabilities
Authors: Kew Kristin L. , Matute-Chavarria Monique , Gray Pamela , Galaviz Michelle
Published: October 2023

Ms. Lewis, a Native American parent has a son named Ashkii who receives special education services in a rural elementary school located on a reservation. She has not received support from the individual education program team regarding Ashkii’s academic progress due to COVID-19. The challenges in accessing special education services for Ms. Lewis and her child raise issues about equity for students with disabilities during the pandemic. This case unpacks the intersections of race, disability, and the cultural and community wealth of Native American families in rural areas with limited resources.
On the Scent Trail: Arts-Informed Method Development to Support Perception and Expression of Olfactory Experiences in Aromatherapy of Women With Gynecological Cancers
Authors: Czakert Judith , Blakeslee Sarah B. , Pirmorady Adak , Diehm Susanne , Seifert Georg , Sehouli Jalid , Stritter Wiebke
Published: October 2023

Background: Talking about personal olfactory experiences is challenging because subjective, often latent reactions to odor are difficult to perceive and express. In qualitative empirical research on the effects of Aromatherapy (AT), this issue needs to be considered in data collection. Therefore, we developed a new data-collection method to support participants in perceiving and articulating their own olfactory experiences. The method development was embedded in the background study arth4WOMEN about AT for women with gynecological cancers. Method: The data-collection method was developed in five steps inspired by A rts-informed R esearch (AIR) and Creative Writing (CW). A workshop on scent and writing was conceptualized for an existing CW course ( n = 8) (step 1). The findings were condensed (step 2) into the new data-collection method called the Olfactory Journey (OLFJ), then pilot tested, discussed with qualitative research experts and adapted (step 3). The final version of the OLFJ was carried out with 15 participants of the background study arth4WOMEN as one part of a qualitative interview concept (step 4), then analyzed via qualitative content analysis (step 5). Results: The analysis of the workshop showed that pictures can be a useful tool to focus on olfactory experiences and find words to express them. Thus, in the OLFJ inner visuals were stimulated by an olfactory trigger and brought into focus through a guided instruction. The inner visuals were used as a tool to talk about the olfactory experiences. The resulting descriptions were characterized by many pictorial associations and marked by contrasts and comparisons. Discussion: The OLFJ as a data-collection method has potential to support participants in their verbal expressions of their olfactory experiences. The inclusion of creative art forms in the development process of the OLFJ was helpful and should be encouraged in future research. Further research is needed to test OLFJ validity and reliability.
Acute service and disability service providers experiences of joint working to improve health care experiences of people with an intellectual disability compared to non-joint working: A mixed-method systematic review
Authors: Kelleher Eileen , Martin Anne-Marie , Caples Maria , Wills Teresa
Published: October 2023

Persons with intellectual disabilities require frequent access to acute services. Many also access disability services within the community. Reports and enquiries have highlighted the sub-optimal healthcare provided to this group when accessing healthcare in acute services. Joint working between acute and disability services has been identified as a measure to improve healthcare for this group. A mixed method systematic review was undertaken to explore current evidence of joint working between both service providers. Twelve publications were included, and the data were analysed using thematic analysis. Confusion around responsibility and limited training in acute services prevented joint working from occurring. Information-sharing is pivotal in promoting joint-working, but measures which facilitated it were not always used. Albeit acute services demonstrated a strong commitment to deliver quality care to those with intellectual disabilities. Much of the available research captures the experiences of staff in acute services. There is a paucity of research available exploring experiences of disability service providers.
A comparison of stimulus fading and stimulus shaping on perceptual category learning
Authors: Markham Victoria , Austin Jennifer , Roderique-Davies Gareth , May Richard
Published: October 2023

Errorless learning strategies such as stimulus fading and stimulus shaping are commonly used to teach complex skills like categorisation and concept formation. Despite widespread use, very few studies have explored the comparative effectiveness of these procedures in well-controlled analyses. The vast majority of existing studies have been undertaken with clinical populations and have involved small numbers of participants (e.g., Single-case designs). The present study sought to compare stimulus fading, stimulus shaping, and trial-and-error learning in a perceptual categorisation task. In Experiment 1, we found robust benefits of stimulus shaping when compared to stimulus fading or trial-and-error learning on measures of initial acquisition of discrimination and one measure of stimulus generalisation. These findings were replicated in a second experiment in which the dimension of fading/shaping was changed from a modification of the comparison stimuli (S-) to a modification of the target stimulus (S +). We discuss the implications of our findings for the selection of errorless learning strategies in clinical settings.