bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Aluminum Powder on the Luminous Intensity of an Illuminant
Authors: Qu Jia Hui , Duan Hai Xia , Du Xue Feng
Published: June 2012

The particle diameter and luminous intensity of aluminum powder were measured by laser analyzer and photo-effect tester. The luminous intensity of [Ba(NO3)2＋Al] illuminant were studied for different shape and diameter of aluminum powder as well as ultra-fine powder prepared by chemical method. The results show that the luminous intensity increases with particle size reduced, and luminous intensity of non-spherical aluminum is more than that of spherical aluminum. The change rate of luminous intensity increases rapidly when particle diameter was less than 2μm. It’s change rate in [0.6，2.13] is 4.37 times that in [2.13，4.24] interval.The ultra-fine aluminum powder and the submicron aluminum powder can effectively enhance the luminous performance of pyrotechnics.
On LED Luminous Efficacy and Energy Saving Technique in Lighting
Authors: Kuo Jhun Iuan , Jenq Shien Ming
Published: June 2012

With the fast upgrading of lighting facilities and living standard, the electricity consumption has been increasing rapidly in every nation in recent years. This study intended to use the luminous efficacy and energy saving technique in lighting as a scientific management method and an effective approach to enhance the industrial development, effectively uplift the efficiency in resource use, specify the work of energy saving management, elevate the management standard and boost economic benefits for industries. It is hoped to further create the safe, comfortable, health, economical and beneficial environment, while fully embodying the modern civilization of lighting technology.
Research on Temperature Reduction Scheme Design of LED Electronic Screen in Some Mansion
Authors: Jin Hong Wen
Published: June 2012

This paper regards the working temperature limit of LED advertising screen in some mansion as the calculation criterion, conducts the temperature reduction scheme design in allusion to the particular operating requirements, calculates the heat gains and losses of LED screen accurately, and controls the temperature required by the environment well. It puts forward the excellent solutions for the temperature reduction treatment of the unconventional space, and explores a new way for the temperature reduction treatment of the space environment with the unconventional operating requirements in the future.
Single-Stage Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System Based on Sliding Mode and PI Control
Authors: Xiong Yuan Sheng , Qian Su Xiang , Liu Qing Song
Published: June 2012

Single-state grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system has only one stage of power conversion and the control objectives needed to be considered simultaneously include synchronization with the utility voltage, harmonics reduction for grid-connected current and etc. Then the complexity of control strategy is increased. To deal with the characteristics, sliding mode controller is used to achieve the synchronization between grid-connected current and grid voltage and to control the waveform of grid-connected current, and the slide surface is designed based on PI method. Σ−Δ modulator is proposed to achieve the fixed switching frequency. Simulation results show that the system has good performance and the system is feasible.
Impact on the Properties of Concrete with Fiber and Mineral Admixtures
Authors: Hang Mei Yan , Shi Dong Bo , Qu Shu Qiang , Zhang Bing
Published: June 2012

This paper studies the effect of the properties (such as slump, cohesiveness, strength, cracking-resistance, etc.) of concrete mixed fiber and mineral admixtures (fly ash, slag) by using the orthogonal experimental method. Through the experiment, we can get and analyze the characteristics of various factors. According to the local material characteristics, obtain a best cyanide dosage of the mineral admixtures and fiber; And through comparison in the optimum content of concrete and the reference concrete (without fiber), study the resistance performance of fiber.
Research and Application of Green Rammed Earth Wall Construction Technology
Authors: Zhou Tie Gang , Peng Dao Qiang , Cheng Jing Hua
Published: June 2012

The traditional rammed earth building refers theses structures which uses tools such as pestle or hammer etc to fill undisturbed soil materials after a simple processing by the method of compacting layer by layer. construction technology of the modern rammed earth mainly makes improvements in terms of rammed earth materials、ramming tools and construction technology which can effectively improve the durability and safety performance of rammed earth building. This article is focusing on how to select scientifically which one is the best rammed earth material and introducing improvement situation about construction technology of rammed earth wall, which combined with researching and practicing of pilot project, under the guidance of the International centre for research and application of earth construction.
Study on Analysis and Quota of Energy Consumption for Large Comprehensive Hospital Buildings in Shaanxi Province of China
Authors: Li Yan Jun , Yan Zeng Feng
Published: June 2012

As social and economic development in China，building scale and medical devices have greatly improved in hospitals, and patients and medical staff are requiring a more and more comfortable indoor environment. All these lead to rising energy consumption of hospital buildings. How to save energy and reduce consumption on the basis of keeping medical quality This paper takes studies on energy consumption of hospitals in Shaanxi province. First of all, questionnaires about energy consumption of hospitals were carried out. Total energy consumption and electricity consumption were analyzed and energy consumption law was summarized. Then, quota principle and quota method of energy consumption were explored, and energy consumption quota of hospital buildings in Shaanxi province was established. This research contributes to energy-saving of hospital building and provides reference for other public buildings in Shaanxi province.
The Application of Appropriate Ecological Technology in the Construction of New Countryside in South of Shaan’xi
Authors: Zhang Ge Juan , Liao Jin Song
Published: June 2012

This paper analysis the primitive ecological ideas and techniques of the traditional dwellings in the south of Shaan’xi, suggests appropriate ecological techniques that can be used and learned in the dwelling construction of the new countryside, and point out its important significance for the inheriting of the regional architectural culture and the harmonization of the village’s ecological environment.
Understanding the Dynamic and Static Thermal Transfer in Brick Walls
Authors: Sassine Emilio , Younsi Zohir , Chérif Yassine , Antczak Emmanuel
Published: June 2012

The aim of this paper is to study the thermal heat transfer through a 33 cm brick wall, typical of old houses in Lille, a northern French town. First, the wall was studied in a steady state case in order to determine its equivalent resistance using the electrical analogy. Then, the wall is replaced by an equivalent homogeneous wall in order to compare the 1D and the 3D thermal transfer. The results show a perfect consistency between the two models, representing a big advantage when other layers are added to the model like thermal insulation and facing.
Discussion on Household Heat Metering and Central Control of Heating System
Authors: Chen Hong Bing , Wei Ping
Published: June 2012

Aiming at the current unreasonable heat charge policy, this paper describes the necessity of consumption-based heat bill system, introduces the basic ideas and problems of household heat metering and central control on total heat supply, and analyzes the relationship of household heat metering and central control. The study shows these two aspects should be well coordinated wit[h each other for better energy savings.
Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Properties and Mechanical Properties of Aramid Fiber Reinforced Cement
Authors: Zhang Yue Fang , Li Bao Yi , Liu Shun Hua , Hao Wan Jun
Published: June 2012

To solve more and more serious electromagnetic radiations, cement-based composites were prepared by introducing aramid fiber into cement. The reflection losses were studied using arched testing method in the frequency range of 1.7~18 GHz. The results showed that the absorption properties and mechanical properties were all improved preferably. The mechanisms were discussed, which indicated that the space network structure lapped into mutually by aramid fiber played an important role. The filling ratio of aramid fiber as well as the length of fiber had influence on the absorption properties, the breaking strength and the compressive strength of cement. The lowest reflection loss of -12.2 dB was obtained at 18 GHz, the effective absorption bandwidth (less than -8 dB) reached 9.15 GHz ,and the compressive strength was twice than that of cement paste when the specimen was filled with 8 vol. % aramid fiber with length of 3mm.
Indoor Thermal Environment Simulation of Xi'an Residential Building in Summer
Authors: Wu Shi Jie , Yan Zeng Feng
Published: June 2012

Natural ventilation is an important role to improve the residential building indoor thermal environment in summer. This paper use Energy Plus to simulate indoor thermal environment and use CFD to simulate indoor air flow for Xi’an residential building, analysis the influence that different ventilation mode for indoor thermal environment factors. Then with the simulated result of PMV-PPD value to estimate indoor thermal comfort. Proved night ventilation is necessary in residential building in Xi’an and effectiveness to improve indoor thermal comfort.
Survey and Analysis of Energy System’s Energy Consumption Focused on Typical Industrial Buildings in Shenyang
Authors: Wang Hong Wei , Liu Ying , Wang Bao Ling , Yu Ling Yan
Published: June 2012

Industrial building energy consumption accounts for more than half of building energy consumption. In order to understand the situation of energy consumption of industrial building’s energy system in Shenyang located in China's northeast severe cold region, we investigated the distribution of industrial buildings and energy system’s energy consumption (HVAC, water supply and drainage, electrical system) of typical industrial buildings in Shenyang, it is found that the energy system’s energy consumption of Shenyang is great because of long-term neglecting of industrial building’s energy conservation. We must strengthen the designing of energy conservation, applying of new technology and supervising of industrial building to develop the potential of industrial building’s energy conservation.
Technical and Economic Analysis of CCHP System in a Building
Authors: Qu Shi Lin , Ge Xu , Wei Lei , Peng Li
Published: June 2012

Combined Cooling，Heating and Power system(CCHP system) has potential advantages in areas of energy reliability, environment and economics. This paper analyses the system's principles and puts forward internal combustion engine CCHP system and builds a series of mathematical models of each part. The main purpose of this paper is the analysis of the annual total cost and energy saving rate, the results show that, compared with the conventional supply system, the CCHP system can save 1,060,000￥annual, the save rate is amounted to 22.1% and relative energy saving ratio could reach 13%. This study may provide with some reliable foundations on the application of the CCHP system.
The Applications of FWD on the Asphalt Pavement Maintenance Design
Authors: Cheng Yong Chun , Bai Ri Hua
Published: June 2012

In asphalt pavement maintenance design the deflection of pavement strength and the drilling core examination of damage on each structure layer are required. This paper based on the advanced technology of the FWD and developed a link with the Benkelman Beam testing. It indicated that assessment of the usage information on each structure layer by using the Modulus Back Calculation was well matched with the core results; therefore, it improved the work efficiency to a new level.
Vibrating-Type Asphalt Concrete Construction Test
Authors: Li Wei
Published: June 2012

Vibrating-type Asphalt Concrete is a new term. As a new type of asphalt concrete, various tests with regard to it are of practical significance. Mix of asphalt concrete indoors recommended by tests is verified and adjusted in the construction tests so that preparation, storage, mixing, transportation, paving, quality test, etc. of raw material of asphalt concrete and corresponding processing parameter can be identified to guide the construction of vibrating-type concrete core wall.
The Applied Research for Filling Subgrade with Construction Waste
Authors: Bai Lu , Zhang Cheng Xing
Published: June 2012

Taking using construction waste as subgrade material in reconstruction project of G311 in Xuchang Henan for example,the construction technique and the quality test method are introduced,which can provide reference for similar construction.
1,3-Propanediol Fermentation with the by-Product Glycerol from Biodiesel Production by a Genetic Modified Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Liu Hong Juan , Zhou Yu Jie , Cai Zhong Zhen , Sun Yan , Zhang Jian An , Liu De Hua
Published: June 2012

Nowadays, the utilization of the by-product glycerol has become a common problem with the large amount of biodiesel production. This paper studied the conversion of the by-product glycerol of biodiesel production by Klebsiella pneumonia to 1,3-propanediol. The crude glycerol could be used directly without refining by a lactate dehydrogenase deficient K. pneumoniae and the lactic acid concentration was very low. In the fed-batch fermentation of 7L fermenter, 93.3g/l 1,3-propanediol was obtained and lactic acid concentration was just 2g/l. Analysis showed that D-type lactic acid synthesis was reduced obviously. The fermentation also was scaled up on the 42L fermenter. 1,3-propanediol and 2,3-Butanediol concentration reached 81.5g/l and 33.8g/l, respectively. No lactic acid was detected. The demonstration fermentation in 5000L fermenter was also successfully performed. The final 1,3-propanediol concentration and productivity was 87g/l and 1.2g/(lh). This work was considered useful to the integrated production of biodiesel and 1,3-propanediol.
A Two-Step Heterogeneous Catalyzed Process for Biodiesel Production
Authors: Ji Xiang , Zhang Shao Min , Cai Lu
Published: June 2012

Heterogeneous catalysts not only can provide as much reactive activity as homogeneous catalysts but they are very much more environmentally benign.This paper introduced a two-step catalyzed process for biodiesel production from low-quality feedstocks, then emphatically reviewed various heterogeneous acid catalysts for pre-esterification and base catalysts for transesterification during this process.
Analysis of Precursors of Carbon Deposition in Hydrogen Preparation by Fast Pyrolysis of Bio-Oil via Catalytic Steam Reforming
Authors: Lan Ping , Lan Li Hong , Xie Tao , Liao An Ping
Published: June 2012

In the preparation of hydrogen, the bio-oil from pyrolysis of biomass must be further upgraded (catalytic steam reforming)SO as to improve its quality．However the catalyst used in the steam reforming reaction is easy to lose its activity due to being coked' SO that it is important to study the coke formation and its efects on the catalyst activity in the steam reforming process．Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy were used to analyze the precursor of coke on the catalyst Ni/MgO-La2O3-Al2O3 used in steam reforming reaction and the mechanism of coking Was also discussed based on it．The results indicate that precursors of coke deposited inside the pore of the molecular sieve are mainly paraffin, alcohols, aldehydes and ketones, and aromatic compounds.
Degradation Kinetics of Arabinose and Furfural in Subcritical Water
Authors: Bai Xin Peng , Liu Xiao Qin , Xu Fang Lian , Li Rui
Published: June 2012

To clarify the degradation mechanism of arabinose in a subcritical water system, the degradation process kinetics of arabinose and furfural in a subcritical water system was studied for temperatures from 210 to 250°C and under pressure of 10Mpa. The activation energy and frequency factor for the degradation of each substrate were estimated from the temperature dependence of the rate constant. The molar yield of a arabinose to furfural was ca. 0.3 at any temperature, Acidic compounds were also formed from the arabinose in proportion to the amount of consumed substrates. The formation of acidic compounds resulted in a rapid decrease in pH.
Gaming Analysis among Different Participants in the Construction of Biomass Energy Forest Base
Authors: Sun Feng Lian , Wang Wei Wei , Wang Zhong Ji
Published: June 2012

Through the analysis on the relations of the three main participants of the government, the enterprise and the farmers, the thesis has established the gaming model between the enterprise and the forest farmers and found that only when the additional benefit they each obtain is larger than the construction cost for the development they paid, optimal combination of Nash equilibrium can be accepted by enterprises and forest farmers and Pareto improvement will be possibly formed， the smooth development of energy forest construction can be ensured.
Removal of Tar during Pine Sawdust Fast Pyrolysis with Catalysts
Authors: Xiao Li , Zhou Tao , Luo Guang Qian , Yao Hong
Published: June 2012

At 600°C, fast pyrolysis of pine sawdust with and without catalysts were investigated in a fixed-bed reactor to determine the effects of five catalysts on the removing tar and changing components of tar. Based on difference of the physical properties and chemical catalytic, five catalysts, including sand, porous silica, activated alumina, fused alumina and zeolite were chosen. The gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to analyze tar compositions. The results showed that the conversion rates of tar: zeolite>activated alumina>fused alumina>porous silica>sand. The physical properties and the chemical catalytic activities of the catalysts were the two main reasons, in which the physical properties of catalysts mainly influenced the contents of aldehydes, hydrocarbons and phenols, while chemical catalytic activities of catalysts mainly influenced the contents of acids, aldehydes, ketones, hydrocarbons and phenols.
The Problems and Corresponding Solutions of the Discharging of Biogas Plants for Crop Straw
Authors: Lv Jian Qiang , Zhang Man , Tian Kang Le , Wang Lian , Zhao Guang Yi , Hu Yu Jun
Published: June 2012

A great deal of the available biomass resource of straw is idle in china,convert straw into methane gas not only can produce a kind of natural fuel,the straw waste can also generate a kind of natural organic fertilizer,so,take advantage of the bacteria to break down the straw to form methane gas would be one of the best ways to solve the problem of idle straw resource.The comprehensive utilization of straw methane can improve the rural production、living environment,and increase economic efficiency,is a important foundation to deveolp a circulating type of low carbon of agriculture economic and plays an extraordinary role in the new rural construction.The key problem of the straw methane generalize is the pretreatment technology of the straw ;gas generating velocity and efficiency ;the discharging of the straw waste etc.For the area which accelerate the process of live in the form of concentration of the domestic biogas should be controlled,and the direction should be the construction of big,medium-sized straw biogas pools.
The Research and Analysis on the Bean Transformer Oil
Authors: Lv Dong , Sun Jin Xiang , Li Jin
Published: June 2012

Characters of many types of transformer oils were researched in this paper. Vegetable oil made from bean was considered suitable transformer oil by comparing their physical and chemical characters, which are include fire safety, insulation, parameter related thermal activity, stability, and other issues such as environment-friendly character, etc. It can point out that the vegetable oil with appropriate addition agent will be a kind of popular transformer oil in the future.
Experimental Study of the Coproduction Technology of Straw and Excrement Ferment for Biogas and Organic Compound Fertilizer
Authors: Yuan Hang Zhou , Zhang Quan Guo , Jing Yan Yan , Zhang Xiang Feng , Wang Yi
Published: June 2012

This paper used respective ratios of 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 100% of straw and pig excrement as raw materials to produce biogas and fertilizer. The test focused on gas production, the contents of available nutritional elements nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the organic matter content. The experimental results demonstrate the fermentation can produce more biogas, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and organic mass under the conditions which the fermentation cycle is 15 days and the ratio of straw and excrement is 70%.
Review of Reactor and Catalyst in the Pyrolysis of Biomass for Liquid Fuels
Authors: Zhang Xiao Xiong , Chen Guan Yi , Wang Yi
Published: June 2012

Due to the rapid growth of energy consumption, fossil-based fuel is at the verge of extinction. Hence, the world needs new energy to substitute for the non-renewable energy resources. Various biomass resources have been discussed by virtue of the ability of generating alternative fuels, chemicals and energy-related products. To date, the utilization of biomass is mainly thermochemical conversion which involves combustion, gasification and pyrolysis. The focus, currently, is on the catalytic pyrolysis of biomass. A variety of reactors are designed and many new catalysts for the yields of liquid products and upgrading of bio-oil are investigated. Different reactors have their own unique characteristics, and fixed bed reactor is not complicated and can be controlled easily but is difficult to upsize. Fluidized bed has a good suitability for different kinds of biomass but is more complex in structure and more difficult to control. Compared with non-catalytic pyrolysis, the quality of bio-oil improves considerably in the presence of a catalyst. Different catalysts exert different effects on the upgrading of bio-oil. HZSM-5 can reduce a vast output of acid compounds and increases hydrocarbon yields. Au/Al2O3 catalyst leads to an increase of H2 yield. All the catalysts can promote the upgrading of pyrolysis products. Optimal yields and the best quality of bio-oil can be obtained by an appropriate reactor with a proper catalyst.
Biohydrogen Production Using Anaerobic Fermentation at Various pH Values
Authors: Chen Ying , Liu Kai , Gu Qing , Liu Min
Published: June 2012

Hydrogen production with waste water can reduce pollution and produce clean energy at the same time. Hydrogen production is affected by many factors. In this experiment, with automatic fermentor, hydrogen and acid production, as well as organic removal rates from brown sugar wastewater by anaerobic cultures at various pH values, are studied. Results showed that the highest hydrogen production efficiency could be achieved when the pH value was maintained at 6.0. The maximum hydrogen production was 61.1mlH2/(g.VSS.d), and COD removal rate reached up to 33.8%, relatively higher than other pH values. The acid production was significantly improved under the condition of pH=4.5. However, the composition of VFAs was similar at the different pH values. The amount of acetic acid and butyric acid was account for about 90% of the final liquor products, and only a little propionic acid has being detected. The TOC removal rate in the system under different pH conditions are increase with pH value, but all below 10%. As the reaction proceeds, the propionic acid accumulation were also observed, higher pH could decrease the producing rate of it.
The Effect of Biomass Contents with Heavy Metal on Gasification Efficiency during Fluidized Bed Gasification Process
Authors: Chen Hsien , Lin Chiou Liang , Zeng Wun Yue , Xu Zi Bin
Published: June 2012

Catalysis was used to increase the H2 production, syngas heating value, enhanced carbon conversion efficiency and cold gas efficiency during gasification. Due to Cu and Zn were abundant in waste according to previous researches, this research discussed the effect of Cu and Zn on artificial waste gasification. The syngas composition and total lower heating value (LHV) were determined in this study. The results showed that the existence of Cu and Zn increased production of H2 and CO. However, the production of CH4 and CO2 decreased. At same time, total LHV was also increased. Additionally, the different Cu concentration affected gas composition and LHV, but the effect of Zn concentration was not significant.
Properties of Slag and Ash from the Incinerator in Biomass Power Plants
Authors: Li Qun , Zhang Zhi Xuan , Liu Si Ming , Su Ji Xin
Published: June 2012

The properties of slag and ash generated from a biomass power plant were analyzed by various characterization methods and the sulfur was tracked. The results showed that the slag and ash contain major elements like Si, S, K and Ca etc and primary substances like SiO2, CaCO3 etc. Sulfur is in the form of amorphous soluble salts and insoluble materials in residual carbon.
Fluid-Structure Analysis of Airfoils on the Small Wind Turbine
Authors: Qiao Li Min , Gu Rui , Feng Feng , Liu Xue Shan , Yang Ying Jun
Published: June 2012

Green energy resources are more and more fashionable and focused. Among of them, small wind turbine is popular and with many customers because it has an unique feature . The design and calculation on thickness of airfoils were studied in order to raise its life and reduce weight. In the premise of strength, the lighter, the better. This paper studied the aerodynamic performance of the airfoil under the Low-Reynolds and analyzed fluid-structure interaction effect under three different attack angles. The numerical simulation approach addresses unsteady Reynolds-averaged N-Stokes solutions and covers transition prediction for unsteady mean flows. The computational result and the analysis show that the fluid-structure interaction is an important issue to consider while designing the wind turbine blade. The results may provide technical reference for the further wind turbine design.
The Fan Blade Velocity Field Analysis of Scenery Tower Power Generation Device Based on FLUENT
Authors: Li Shu Jiang , Bai Wen Juan , Yang Wei Min
Published: June 2012

Based on field theory and air dynamics theory, two kinds of different curvature blade rotation of velocity and its distribution area were simulated, through the establishment of the three-dimensional flow model for the scenery tower fan blade generator and the adoption of RNGK-epsilon turbulence model. Then reach a conclusion from comparison: Smaller curvature leaf has a higher wind speed than the bigger one, which is easy to wind energy conversion under the common function of the force in the rotating area.
Application of Air-Cooled Close-Loop Self-Circulation Evaporative Cooling System on Wind Power Generator
Authors: Li Jing Ming , Song Fu Chuan , Gu Guo Biao , Tian Xin Dong
Published: June 2012

The application of evaporative cooling technology in the cooling of large wind power generator is a new attempt in the discovery of wind power energy. In some particular circumstances, the air-cooling condenser must be adopted as the secondary cooler in the evaporative cooling system of large wind generator. For the cooling medium in the air-cooling condenser is the air and the distribution of temperature is uneven along the cooling tube, so it’s necessary to do deep research on it. Experiments are carried out to study the heat transfer characteristics of the air-cooling condenser used in the Close-loop Self-circulating (CLSC) evaporative cooling system. The temperature distribution and the heat transfer can be acquired from the experiment. Thorough study is carried out on restart up of the close-loop evaporative cooling system of the wind power generator. Experiments are done in the laboratory and real wind power generator, and it’s found that there is a critical point in the restart up of the generator. Only if the flow head overcome the critical point can the wind power generator restart automatically. The result shows that heat transfer can be enhanced by some special method and the air-cooling condenser can satisfy the demand of the cooling system.
Coordination between Short-Term and Real-Time Scheduling Incorporating Wind Power
Authors: Wang Kui , Zhang Bu Han , Zhai Jia Jun , Shao Wen , Wu Xiao Shan , Mao Cheng Xiong
Published: June 2012

Coordination strategies between short-term (e.g., weekly and daily scheduling ) and real-time scheduling in wind power integrated system are disscussed. To cope with the uncertainty of wind power and load demands, weekly and daily rolling schedulings are applied. According to the latest updated prediction results of wind power and load demands, weekly rolling scheduling is applied to revise unit commitment and fuel allocation in remaining hours in a week. Daily rolling scheduling is applied to revise generation scheduling in remaining time in a day. A modified IEEE 118-bus system is applied to test the proposed approach.
Fault Diagnosis of Wind Turbine Gearboxes
Authors: Zhang Yu Bai , Yuan Hui Qun , Yu Yin Xin , Kou Hai Jiang , Liang Ming Xuan
Published: June 2012

Abnormal vibration appeared when experimental tests was carried out on gearboxes of a 1.5MW wind turbine. In this paper, Time-domain and frequency- domain analysis of test data was implemented based on the method of wavelet denoising, the fault location was determined, and the vibration fault indicators and frequency components were obtained. The finite element model of the gearboxes were established, and the natural frequencies and mode shapes were achieved by calculating. The results showed that the fault occurred in the high speed shaft parts, fault vibration frequency was caused by high-speed shaft eccentric resonance frequency and the frequency generated by the natural frequency and the edge frequency that caused by turning. The research layed the foundation for the study of noise reduction and optimization of the wind turbine gearboxes.
Intelligent Optimization of Hybrid Wind/PV/pumped-Storage Power System
Authors: Ren Yan , Zheng Yuan , Li Chong , Zhou Bing , Mao Zhi Hao
Published: June 2012

The hybrid wind/PV/pumped-storage power system was the hybrid system which combined hybrid wind/PV system and pumped-storage power station. System optimization was very important in the system design process. Particle swarm optimization algorithm was a stochastic global optimization algorithm with good convergence and high accuracy, so it was used to optimize the hybrid system in this paper. First, the system reliability model was established. Second, the particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to optimize the system model in Nanjing. Finally, The results were analyzed and discussed. The optimization results showed that the optimal design method of wind/PV/pumped-storage system based on particle swarm optimization could take into account both the local optimization and the global optimization, which has good convergence high precision. The optimal system was that LPSP (loss of power supply probability) was zero.
Modeling and Analyzing Freedom Feather of Wind Turbine
Authors: Li Chao Feng , Tao Xue Jun , Li Hong Gang , Zhang Ju Liang
Published: June 2012

According to iterative phase pitch torque of the rotation wind turbine, this paper proposes one-way stop device to achieve the feather state and the purpose of the safe shutdown by the torque of blade itself ,not only to solve the question that energy storage device ,for example battery, super capacitor or hydraulic accumulator,is broken easily, but also reduces the cost of a wind turbine.
Research on Fault Diagnosis of Drive Train in Wind Turbine Based on EMD and LSSVM
Authors: Liu Hui , Wang Chao , Yan Wen Jun
Published: June 2012

Fault feature extraction method based on Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and fault diagnosis model based on Least Squares Support Vector Machines (LSSVM) were proposed after typical faults in drive train for wind turbines being analyzed. An experiment was designed to verify the validity of feature extraction method and the intelligent diagnosis model. The results showed that EMD can effectively extract fault characteristics of the drive train in wind turbines, the classification speed and diagnosis accuracy of LSSVM classifier based on radial basis function are better than the SVM, BPNN and other classifiers which are commonly used in practice.
The New Energy Development of U.S. Army and its Inspiration
Authors: Ni Ming Fang , Kang Lu Xi , Wang Zheng , Liu Shi Lun
Published: June 2012

Energy is the essential strategic material to the national economy and national defense. Throughout the trend of the modern and future wars, military equipment has always been inseparable from the energy support. Confronting with serious challenges, ease the oil crisis only by strengthening the strategic petroleum reserve, or improve the efficiency of oil is not a long-term strategy. This paper analyzes the current grim situation of the world's energy, as well as its influence to economic, political and military levels through the latest data and charts. Briefly summarize the major energy strategy of U.S. army, list and describe its latest new energy research, development approach and its applications in military equipment. Finally, make suggestions to reduce energy consumption, use alternative energy, carry out resource-ability studies and other aspects of our equipment.
Graphene Oxide Nanoplate-MnO2 Composites for Supercapacitors
Authors: Deng Jia Wei , Pang Huan , Wang Shao Mei , Zhang Jiang Shan
Published: June 2012

Graphene oxide nanoplate-MnO2 composites have been synthesized by oxidizing part of the carbon atoms in the framework of graphene oxide nanoplates at ambient temperature. The composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Their microstructures and morphologies have affected their electrochemical properties. Compared with MnO2 nanoparticles, the nanocomposite prepared reveals better electrochemical properties as a supercapacitor electrode material.
Simulation on Three-Dimensional Flow Field of Oxidation Ditch
Authors: Wei Wei , Wang Dun Qiu , Wei Jian Wen , Zhou Hong Tao
Published: June 2012

Using the Fluent software, the flow field of oxidation ditch was simulated by the three dimensional turbulence mathematical model. The velocities were analyzed and measured, and the simulation results showed acceptable prediction of the velocities in the oxidation ditch. The results also showed that velocity could reach more than 0.3m/s when 8 impellers worked, and MLSS in the whole ditch were almost uniform, therefore, the oxidation ditch runs well.
The Inlet Pipe Design and Analysis of Fuze Turbine Generator
Authors: Yue Ming Kai , Deng Jia Hao
Published: June 2012

The structure and aerodynamic performance of inlet pipe which is the key component of turbine generator have direct and significant influences on the input characteristic and safety reliability of fuze turbine generator. A kind of inlet pipe structure was designed by applying the variable cross section pipe and simulated based on the inlet pipe type and application analysis of turbine generator. The results showed that the air flow pressure which the turbine generator obtained from the ballistic can be controlled in a certain range by adjusting the relative structure parameters of inlet pipe to guarantee the stable output characteristics of generator, which can completely meet the technical requirements of fuze.
A New Design of the High-Skew Ducted Propeller
Authors: Fang Bin , Lei Min , Zhou Qi Dou
Published: June 2012

Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (UUV), which could be used for ocean exploration and development, developed rapidly in recent years. In order to make UUV quieter to be competent for rigorous working conditions, a new propulsion with lower underwater noise must be designed. A new high-skew ducted propeller, which had the advantages of both ducted propeller and high-skew propeller, had been designed for UUV to obtain adequate thrust and lower underwater noise. CFD simulation of the high-skew ducted propeller showed that the thrust was enough for UUV working underwater and the hydrodynamic efficiency was very close to that of conventional ducted propeller. The strength of high-skew ducted propeller had been checked by FEM method, and the maximum stress would appear on the trailing side of blade on 0.5R, where the blade was unsubstantial. Underwater noise had also been measured, which proved that the high-skew ducted propeller had lower noise than that of conventional ducted propellers. As a quiet propulsion, the high-skew ducted propeller could be used on UUV or ship who want to be quiet underwater.
Numerical Study on Coupled Heat Transfer of Thrust Chamber with Raised Structure
Authors: Nie Tao , Liu Wei Qiang
Published: June 2012

By the use of the map of the thermal resistance among volume cells, we establish a coupled heat transfer model of the hot gas, chamber wall and coolant. A reduced one-dimensional model was employed for the coolant flow and heat transfer, and three dimensional heat transfer model was used to calculate the coupling heat transfer through the wall, considering heat transfer at circumferential direction, axial direction and radial direction. Based on the study the mechanism of the cooling structure heat transfer, the computing model was employed and achieved the rule of heat flux and temperature of gas wall. Simultaneously, influence of different cooling structure was performed. The results indicated that the cooling structure with raised structure could better reduce the temperature of the chamber wall.
Simulation of Heptane Jet Fire at Low Atmosphere Pressure
Authors: Wang Chang Jian
Published: June 2012

Due to safety consideration of storage and transportation of liquid fuel at low atmospheric pressure region, the influence of low atmospheric pressure on heptane jet fire was numerically investigated, based on LES and mixture-fraction combustion model. Injection heptane diameters satisfy Rosin-Rammler distribution. The simulation shows that, low atmospheric pressure has an evident effect on jet fire. It extends the fire length and shortens the lift-off height. The centerline temperature rises to the maximum value more rapidly and then it decays more slowly. The maximum centerline temperature is not sensitive to various atmospheric pressure.
Numerical Wave Model under Different Forced Wind Fields
Authors: Pan Xi Shan , Wang Zhen Xiang , Zhu Wen Jin
Published: June 2012

The wave numerical forecasting model is based on the third generation wave model WAVEWATCHIII, which the analysis wind field of NCEP and the mixed wind field of QSCAT/NCEP are used as the forced field. With the same parameters, the wave model WAVEWATCHIII is established in wave field simulation to China seas. The analysis data of effective wave height from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA, USA) is adopted as the verification. It shows that the WAVEWATCHIII model is good agreement with the wave field date using two input wind data. And the QSCAT/NCEP is higher agreement with field data, which means that it is more suitable for wave numerical simulation for China seas.
Research of Smoke Isolating with Air Curtain at Ship’s Tunnel
Authors: Zhu Xiao Jun , Zhong Chen Hua
Published: June 2012

The rapid spreading of poisonous smoke is the main reason which causes death in ship fires. Ships always have long tunnels to traveling passengers or cargos. Because of their longness and straightness, smoke diffuses rapidly. Fire doors are used to stop the smoke from spreading into other parts in vessels. When the fire doors are closed, the way for evacuation is also closed. So it’s important for the professionals to develop a kind of smoke-preventing device which can let people pass by when stopping the smoke. The air curtain is a kind of smoke isolating device which is used to decrease the heat exchange in supermarket or freezer. This paper analyzes flow field, the heat control and the smoke isolating ability of air curtain used in the ships’ long tunnels with different jet angles and initial velocities. At last, a suitable angle is proposed.
Experimental Study on a Solar Powered Two-Stage Solid Wheel Desiccant Air Conditioning System
Authors: Zou Tong Hua , Yu Rong , Yan Lei , Cao Fa Li
Published: June 2012

A new formulation, that employs both two-stage dehumidification and intercooler to effectively enhance system performance is proposed and investigated experimentally. The paper briefly describes desiccant wheel including the coupled fundamental principle and overall structure originally. An experimental setup is subsequently designed and built to evaluate the system performance under various operation conditions. The effects of different fresh air intake temperature at various regeneration temperature under given conditions are numerically analyzed and explained. Finally, results of a test-case are presented, indicating compared with the common single-stage system, an increase in humidity removal. Meanwhile, increasing regeneration air volume and temperature can significantly improve the dehumidification ability for sorbent materials and coefficient of performance of the system respectively, as well as save indirectly electric energy consumption, which is derived from the energy-intensive regeneration blower.
A Novel Experimental Apparatus of a Liquid Desiccant Air-Conditioning System
Authors: Zhang Qing , Liu Jian Hua , Gao Wen Zhong , Zhang Liang
Published: June 2012

A novel experimental apparatus of a liquid desiccant air-conditioning system was introduced. The system differed from similar researches in that it could handle the total load of the conditioned space without any refrigeration equipment and it worked in ventilation mode, which could greatly improve the indoor air quality. The schematic diagram of the system was presented and circulating processes of air, water and lithium chloride solution in the system were introduced. The definition of thermal coefficient of performance (TCOP) for the system was introduced and main operating parameters that could affect TCOP were analyzed. The tested TCOP of the system was 0.72～0.98 in summer and 0.30～0.51 in autumn, which showed that liquid discussant air conditioning system was especially suitable for hot and humid conditions.
Evaporative Cooling Chillers Economic Configuration Scheme Analysis
Authors: Bai Yan Bin , Huang Xiang , Huo Hai Hong , Wen Li
Published: June 2012

Depending on the project which will use the cooling system Combined with evaporative cooling chillers and mechanical chiller in yulin, the evaporative cooling chillers and mechanical chiller of water system were respectively analyzed in three different forms in this article. Starting from the different process of three different forms in Psychrometrics and the different running time, three different form of water system had been preliminary budgeted. It can be known that the economy of configuration scheme of evaporative cooling technology and mechanical refrigeration technology.
Energy Saving Analysis and Application of Secondary Pump in Air Conditioning Water System
Authors: Guo Gang , Li Rui
Published: June 2012

The application of frequency conversion technique in secondary pump and variable flow system is expounded in this essay. In the view of energy conservation, the secondary frequency conversion pump in variable flow system is in favor of energy conservation due to its variability on power according to the end load change, the principle of frequency conversion pump is also analysed. Combined with actual project case, he energy saving potential of secondary pump and variable flow system is discussed.
Thermal Balance Calculation for Sludge Drying-Incineration System Based on Spreadsheet Software
Authors: Deng Wen Yi , Wang Xiao Lei , Su Ya Xin , Li Xiao Dong , Yan Jian Hua
Published: June 2012

In this study, a process model for thermal balance calculation of sludge drying-incineration system was constructed by spreadsheet software. Auxiliary fuel and total energy consumption of sludge drying-incineration and sludge direct incineration was calculated respectively. The result indicated that sludge moisture content of 60 wt.% was recommended for incineration, and that sludge drying-incineration consumed much less energy than sludge direct incineration when sludge moisture content was higher than 60 wt.%. The process model was proved to be high efficient, convenient and user-friendly in this study.
The Analysis of Heat Recovery Efficiency and Influencing Factors in Air System
Authors: Wang Chuang , Li Rui
Published: June 2012

It is one of the ways that realize the energy conservation of the building to use effectively extracting air heat recovery devices. In this paper, influence factors and heat recovery efficiency in air-conditioning system were analyzed, and design parameters of heat recovery devices were discussed with the view of saving energy.
Study on Micro-Grid Operating Mode Based on Game Theory
Authors: Yang Hai Jing , Li Zhao Hui , Shi Guang , Wang Jun Liang
Published: June 2012

By describing the characteristics and the prospects of commercial application of current micro-grid, this paper analyzed the possible investors, operation subject and main users of micro-grid, and built the corresponding operating modes on this basis. Furthermore, based on the existing national policies and power grid management policies, this paper conducted an analysis of the feasibility and reliability of every operating mode and worked out several operating modes which are in line with regulations of our country and at the same time ensure the security of power grid.
Study on the Cooperative Control of the Power Generation System and an Electric Power Compensatory System in Micro Grid
Authors: Doudou Naoki , Yamamura Naoki , Ishida Muneaki
Published: June 2012

We have proposed a method to cooperative control both fly wheel energy storage system (FWES) and micro gas turbine (MGT) electrical generation system in micro grid system because the capacity of the electric power storage equipment used for electric power compensation is desirable to have low capacity as much as possible from the viewpoint of cost. The speed information of FWES is necessary in order to perform the cooperative control. When system composition is considered, it is desirable to use a speed observer instead of a rotoring speed sensor from the viewpoint of cost and maintenance side. Therefore, the adaptive rotor flux observer is proposed in of this paper. And the validity of adaptive rotor flux observer is confirmed by the simulation.
A Study of Actual Wind Generators on the Voltage Flicker of Power Systems
Authors: Guan Jin Lung , Yang Ming Ta , Gu Jyh Cherng , Chang Hsin Hung
Published: June 2012

One of the most important power quality issues is voltage flicker. Nowadays this issue also impacts the power system all over the world. The fact of the matter is that the more and the larger capacity of wind generator has been installed. Under unstable wind power situation, the variation of output current and voltage have caused trouble to voltage flicker. Hence, the major purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of wind generator on voltage flicker of power system.
Analyzing the Impacts of Wind Generator on the Optimal Coordination of Overcurrent Relays
Authors: Yang Ming Ta , Guan Jin Lung , Gu Jhy Cherng
Published: June 2012

Wind generator and distribution systems after interconnection would change the short circuit fault characteristics of the original system and may lead to protection relay malfunctions, and review of the protection coordination. It is necessary to research the impact of existing protection strategies for distribution systems after wind generator interconnection. Linear programming methods were adopted for this study to review the coordination problems among feeder circuit breaker, lateral circuit breaker, and power fuse after radial distribution systems and wind generator interconnections.