bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Standardisation or resilience? The paradox of stability and change in patient safety
Authors: Pedersen Kirstine Zinck
Published: July 2016

This article explores an apparent paradox of stability and change in patient safety thinking and practice. The dominant approach to patient safety has largely been focused on closing ‘safety gaps’ through standardisation in seemingly stable healthcare systems. However, the presupposition of system stability and predictability is presently being challenged by critics who insist that healthcare systems are complex and changing entities, thereby shifting focus towards the healthcare organisation's resilient and adaptive capacities. Based on a close reading of predominant patient safety literature, the article analyses how a separation between stability and change is articulated in ontological, historical, and situated terms, and it suggests the way in which predetermining healthcare settings as either stable or unstable paves the way for a system engineering approach to patient safety that pre‐empts certain types of safety solutions. Drawing on John Dewey's influential ideas about the interconnectedness of stability and change, this prescriptive perspective is discussed and challenged. It is suggested that only by rethinking the relationship between change and stability can patient safety efforts begin to address the uncertainty of medical practice as well as the necessary competences of healthcare professionals to act with ‘safety dispositions’ as a precondition for delivering safe care.
Survival and Reduction of Shiga Toxin‐Producing Escherichia coli in a Fresh Cold‐Pressed Juice Treated with Antimicrobial Plant Extracts
Authors: Hatab Shaimaa , Athanasio Renata , Holley Richard , Rodas‐Gonzalez Argenis , Narvaez‐Bravo Claudia
Published: July 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate the survival of 7 Shiga‐toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) in fresh cold‐pressed juice and the antimicrobial efficacy of 4 essential oils (EO: achillea, rosemary, sage, and thyme). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of each EO was determined using microdilution assays evaluated at pH levels 4 and 7; as well as at 4 and 25 °C; daily for up to 5 d. Results indicated that 5 of 7 serotypes survived well in cold‐pressed raw juice for at least 4 d at 4 °C and pH 3.5 with no significant (P > 0.05) reduction in viability. The EO showed varying degrees of antimicrobial activity against the 7 STEC. The MIC and MBCs were lowest for thyme (2 μg/L) and highest for sage (15 to 25 μg/L). The antimicrobial activity was enhanced at low pH and temperature. Data showed that although the top 7 STEC could survive low pH and temperature in vitro and in cold‐pressed juices, EO, especially from thyme and rosemary, reduced STEC to an undetectable level at 4 °C, suggesting that they could be used as natural antimicrobials in juice.
CT volumetry is superior to nuclear renography for prediction of residual kidney function in living donors
Authors: Barbas Andrew S. , Li Yanhong , Zair Murtuza , Van Julie A. , Famure Olusegun , Dib Martin J. , Laurence Jerome M. , Kim S. Joseph , Ghanekar Anand
Published: July 2016

Living kidney donor evaluation commonly includes nuclear renography to assess split kidney function and computed tomography (CT) scan to evaluate anatomy. To streamline donor workup and minimize exposure to radioisotopes, we sought to assess the feasibility of using proportional kidney volume from CT volumetry in lieu of nuclear renography. We examined the correlation between techniques and assessed their ability to predict residual postoperative kidney function following live donor nephrectomy. In a cohort of 224 live kidney donors, we compared proportional kidney volume derived by CT volumetry with split kidney function derived from nuclear renography and found only modest correlation (left kidney R2=26.2%, right kidney R2=26.7%). In a subset of 88 live kidney donors with serum creatinine measured 6 months postoperatively, we compared observed estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at 6 months with predicted eGFR from preoperative imaging. Compared to nuclear renography, CT volumetry more closely approximated actual observed postoperative eGFR for Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (J‐test: P=.02, Cox–Pesaran test: P=.01) and Mayo formulas (J‐test: P=.004, Cox–Pesaran test: P<.001). These observations support the use of CT volumetry for estimation of split kidney function in healthy individuals with normal kidney function and morphology.
Blood concentration of prilocaine and lidocaine after the use of topical anesthesia (Oraqix®) in lacerated wounds
Authors: Al‐Musawi Ala , Matar Kamal , Kombian Samuel , Andersson Lars
Published: July 2016

Background/Aim

Soft tissue injuries have been reported as being sutured using only topical anesthesia applied in the laceration wound. The objective of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetic profile of components of Oraqix® (2.5% prilocaine and 2.5% lidocaine) when applied in a laceration as compared to intact skin application in the mouse.

Materials and methods

A total of 200 BALB/c male mice were used in this study. The mice were divided into three groups: group A: shaved and laceration group (80 mice); B: shaved and intact skin group (80 mice); and C: control group (shaved, no treatment; 40 mice) which underwent the same procedures but without application of Oraqix®. Blood samples were collected over 90 min. Plasma sample analysis employing liquid chromatography coupled with the tandem mass spectrometric (LC‐MS/MS) method was used to determine plasma concentrations of lidocaine and prilocaine. Pharmacokinetic analysis of mouse plasma concentrations was carried out by standard non‐compartmental methods.

Results

Absorption of both lidocaine and prilocaine was rapid. Cmax and AUC values of lidocaine were significantly increased by fourfold and twofold, respectively, in lacerated mouse skin compared to intact skin. Similarly, prilocaine's Cmax and AUC values were also increased by 2.5‐fold and fourfold, respectively, in lacerated skin compared to intact skin.

Conclusion

When Oraqix® was applied directly into the skin laceration, the plasma concentration of lidocaine and prilocaine was significantly increased as compared to when applied on intact skin. The present study, albeit in mice, indicates that the plasma levels of lidocaine and prilocaine can reach very high levels when the thermosetting gel Oraqix® is placed directly in wounds.
Clinical characteristics and long‐term outcome of acute kidney injury in patients with HBV‐related acute‐on‐chronic liver failure
Authors: Shi X. , Zhu P. , Yan G. , Liu C. , Zhang C. , Huang G. , Zhang Y. , Yan Z. , Wang Y.
Published: July 2016

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and is also an important cause for poor outcome. This study aimed at investigating the clinical characteristics and long‐term prognosis of AKI in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF). A total of 1167 patients with HBV‐related ACLF from January 2010 to January 2015 were enrolled and divided into two groups, AKI group (n=308) and non‐AKI group (n=859). All patients were followed up to investigate clinical characteristics, long‐term overall survival (OS) and risk factors. AKI occurrence was found to be 26.4% in patients with HBV‐related ACLF. The patients in the AKI group and the non‐AKI group had a 30‐day OS of 44.8% and 70.3%, 90‐day OS of 17.9% and 55.4%, and 1‐year OS of 15.6% and 51.2%, respectively. Significant differences were observed in the 30‐day, 90‐day and 1‐year OS among subgroups with different AKI stages. It was found that high WBC, neutrophil, ALT and MELD score were risk factors for 30‐day mortality, whereas hepatic encephalopathy, high MELD score, mean arterial pressure and PLT were risk factors for 90‐day mortality. Two criteria, the KDIGO and AKIN, showed parallel results in staging AKI in patients with HBV‐related ACLF (κ=0.807, P<.001). AKI is closely associated with increased short‐term mortality in Chinese HBV‐related ACLF patients, particularly in those with infection and high MELD score. Both KDIGO and AKIN criteria can be used for staging AKI in patients with HBV‐related ACLF.
Morphological changes of giant mitochondria in the unicellular to multicellular phase during parthenogenesis of Ulva partita (Ulvophyceae) revealed by expression of mitochondrial targeting GFP and PEG transformation
Authors: Suzuki Ryogo , Ota Shuhei , Yamazaki Tomokazu , Toyoda Atsushi , Nonaka Satoko , Matsukura Chiaki , Kuwano Kazuyoshi , Kawano Shigeyuki
Published: July 2016

A giant mitochondrion that branches and connects as a single mitochondrion in a cell has been observed during specific phases of the cell cycle of unicellular green algae, but has not been observed in multicellular algae. The genus Ulva is a green macroalga in which the haploid and diploid phases are isomorphic and its gametes develop parthenogenetically. The existence or absence of the giant mitochondrion, and its behavior in Ulva partita, were investigated using a parthenogenesis system. To observe the parthenogenesis of gametes and the dynamics of mitochondria by fluorescence microscopy, we developed an experimental system for culturing and observing U. partita on cover slips: gametes were suspended in 6‐well plates filled with artificial seawater, and cover slips were placed on the well bottoms. The gametes settled on the cover slips as spherical cells (1‐cell S phase). These cells grew into larger cells, losing their eyespot (1‐cell L phase), and developed into multicellular thalli. Gene introduction using the polyethylene glycol (PEG) method is available with transformation efficiencies of 9.0–15.1%. Transformation was performed using a plasmid encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to the mitochondrial targeting sequence, and mitochondria were labeled by GFP fluorescence. This revealed a string‐shaped giant mitochondrion in a cell of the 1‐cell S phase. In the 1‐cell L phase, a reticular mitochondrion was observed. After the initiation of cell division, the reticular mitochondrion was fragmented, and small oval mitochondria were observed in the 5‐cell phase.
Revisiting the Relationship between Ethnic Diversity and Preferences for Redistribution: Comment
Authors: Nekby Lena , Pettersson‐Lidbom Per
Published: July 2016

In this paper, we revisit the question raised in Dahlberg et al. (, Journal of Political Economy 120, 41–76) concerning a causal relationship between ethnic diversity and preferences for redistribution. We find that their results are based on (i) an unreliable and potentially invalid measure of preferences for redistribution, (ii) an endogenously selected sample, and (iii) a mismeasurement of the refugee placement program. Correcting for any of these three problems reveals that there is no evidence of any relationship between ethnic diversity and preferences for redistribution. We also discuss what is currently known about the refugee placement program, and to what extent it can be used for estimating causal effects more generally.
Uneven Regional Development Under Balanced Development Strategies: Space‐Time Paths of Regional Development in Guangdong, China
Authors: Gu Jie , Zhou Suhong , Ye Xinyue
Published: July 2016

Many questions regarding local economic phenomena involve issues of spatial and temporal dependence and heterogeneity. One of the main ideas of the socialist market economic system which was set up in 1978 in China is ‘those becoming rich earlier bring along other people, all achieving the common richer eventually’. However, after several decades, having performed a series of balanced development strategies and policies, is this purpose true or not? How about the outcome of regional level of planning strategies under the socialist‐market system? This paper focus on the intra provincial development, and uses per capita GDP of Guangdong, one of the most developed provinces in China to analyse the economic development of prefecture‐level cities from 1978 to 2013 with a new exploratory space‐time method. Three conclusions can be drawn as follows: first, the degree of regional economic development is gradually deepening along with rapid economic development in Guangdong province and the per capita GDP difference is gradually widening between the Pearl River Delta region and the non‐Pearl River Delta region. The core‐periphery relation is clear within the provincial level's development. Second, the trend and position of space‐time paths are different across regions. Third, the space‐time paths have not intersected across poor and rich regions during the last 33 years. Widening uneven development is concealed by the ‘fast growth’ economic phenomenon. The macro‐economic environment has had some effects on different regions, with the effect on fast growing areas, such as the core region of the Pearl River Delta the most obvious. There is a lag effect on other undeveloped areas. At the same time, under the socialist market economic system, the market is the main motivation behind regional discrepancies, and some policies and strategies aimed at narrowing the gap have had limited success.
Outcome After Pneumonectomy in 17 Dogs and 10 Cats: A Veterinary Society of Surgical Oncology Case Series
Authors: Wavreille Vincent , Boston S. E. , Souza C. , Ham K. , Chanoit G. , Rossetti D. , Takacs J. , Milner R.
Published: July 2016

Objective

To report the signalment, presenting clinical signs, surgical complications, histologic diagnosis, postoperative complications, and outcome of dogs and cats undergoing pneumonectomy.

Study Design

Retrospective case series; multicenter study.

Animals

Client‐owned dogs (n=17) and cats (n=10).

Methods

Signalment, clinical signs, side affected, surgical data, preoperative diagnostic tests (including complete blood count, serum biochemistry, cytologic diagnosis, chest radiographs, and computed tomography), histologic diagnosis, surgical complications, adjunctive therapy, and date and cause of death were collected from records of dogs and cats that underwent pneumonectomy. Survival estimates and complication were assessed.

Results

Seventeen animals had a left‐sided pneumonectomy performed (12 dogs, 5 cats) and 10 animals had a right‐sided pneumonectomy (5 dogs, 5 cats). Fourteen animals were diagnosed with neoplasia (52%). The overall incidence of complications for dogs and cats were 76 and 80%, respectively, with major complications in 41 and 50%, respectively. Respiratory complications (persistent pleural effusion, oxygen dependence, persistent increased respiratory rate, or coughing) were the most frequent complications. No animals died or were euthanatized intraoperative or within the first 24 hours postoperative. One dog (6%) and 2 cats (20%) died, or were euthanatized in the first 2 weeks postoperative.

Conclusion

Based on this case series, right and left pneumonectomy can be performed with low perioperative mortality in dogs and cats, with some animals experiencing prolonged survival.
Transfiguring portraits
Authors: Kemelmacher-Shlizerman Ira
Published: July 2016

People may look dramatically different by changing their hair color, hair style, when they grow older, in a different era style, or a different country or occupation. Some of those may transfigure appearance and inspire creative changes, some not, but how would we know without physically trying? We present a system that enables automatic synthesis of limitless numbers of appearances. A user inputs one or more photos (as many as they like) of his or her face, text queries an appearance of interest (just like they'd search an image search engine) and gets as output the input person in the queried appearance. Rather than fixing the number of queries or a dataset our system utilizes all the relevant and searchable images on the Internet, estimates a doppelgänger set for the inputs, and utilizes it to generate composites. We present a large number of examples on photos taken with completely unconstrained imaging conditions.
Perceptual effect of shoulder motions on crowd animations
Authors: Hoyet Ludovic , Olivier Anne-Helene , Kulpa Richard , Pettré Julien
Published: July 2016

A typical crowd engine pipeline animates numerous moving characters according to a two-step process: global trajectories are generated by a crowd simulator, whereas full body motions are generated by animation engines. Because interactions are only considered at the first stage, animations sometimes lead to residual collisions and/or characters walking as if they were alone, showing no sign to the influence of others. In this paper, we investigate the value of adding shoulder motions to characters passing at close distances on the perceived visual quality of crowd animations (i.e., perceived residual collisions and animation naturalness). We present two successive perceptual experiments exploring this question where we investigate first, local interactions between two isolated characters, and second, crowd scenarios. The first experiment shows that shoulder motions have a strong positive effect on both perceived residual collisions and animation naturalness. The second experiment demonstrates that the effect of shoulder motions on animation naturalness is preserved in the context of crowd scenarios, even though the complexity of the scene is largely increased. Our general conclusion is that adding secondary motions in character interactions has a significant impact on the visual quality of crowd animations, with a very light impact on the computational cost of the whole animation pipeline. Our results advance crowd animation techniques by enhancing the simulation of complex interactions between crowd characters with simple secondary motion triggering techniques.
All-hex meshing using closed-form induced polycube
Authors: Fang Xianzhong , Xu Weiwei , Bao Hujun , Huang Jin
Published: July 2016

The polycube-based hexahedralization methods are robust to generate all-hex meshes without internal singularities. They avoid the difficulty to control the global singularity structure for a valid hexahedralization in frame-field based methods. To thoroughly utilize this advantage, we propose to use a frame field without internal singularities to guide the polycube construction. Theoretically, our method extends the vector fields associated with the polycube from exact forms to closed forms, which are curl free everywhere but may be not globally integrable. The closed forms give additional degrees of freedom to deal with the topological structure of high-genus models, and also provide better initial axis alignment for subsequent polycube generation. We demonstrate the advantages of our method on various models, ranging from genus-zero models to high-genus ones, and from single-boundary models to multiple-boundary ones.
Connected fermat spirals for layered fabrication
Authors: Zhao Haisen , Gu Fanglin , Huang Qi-Xing , Garcia Jorge , Chen Yong , Tu Changhe , Benes Bedrich , Zhang Hao , Cohen-Or Daniel , Chen Baoquan
Published: July 2016

We develop a new kind of "space-filling" curves,
connected Fermat spirals
, and show their compelling properties as a tool path fill pattern for layered fabrication. Unlike classical space-filling curves such as the Peano or Hilbert curves, which constantly wind and bind to preserve locality, connected Fermat spirals are formed mostly by
long, low-curvature
paths. This geometric property, along with continuity, influences the quality and efficiency of layered fabrication. Given a connected 2D region, we first decompose it into a set of sub-regions, each of which can be filled with a single continuous Fermat spiral. We show that it is always possible to start and end a Fermat spiral fill at approximately the same location on the outer boundary of the filled region. This special property allows the Fermat spiral fills to be joined systematically along a graph traversal of the decomposed sub-regions. The result is a globally continuous curve. We demonstrate that printing 2D layers following tool paths as connected Fermat spirals leads to efficient and quality fabrication, compared to conventional fill patterns.
Motion graphs for unstructured textured meshes
Authors: Prada Fabián , Kazhdan Misha , Chuang Ming , Collet Alvaro , Hoppe Hugues
Published: July 2016

Scanned performances are commonly represented in virtual environments as sequences of textured triangle meshes. Detailed shapes deforming over time benefit from meshes with dynamically evolving connectivity. We analyze these unstructured mesh sequences to automatically synthesize motion graphs with new smooth transitions between compatible poses and actions. Such motion graphs enable natural periodic motions, stochastic playback, and user-directed animations. The main challenge of unstructured sequences is that the meshes differ not only in connectivity but also in alignment, shape, and texture. We introduce new geometry processing techniques to address these problems and demonstrate visually seamless transitions on high-quality captures.
Irony Detection in Twitter
Authors: Farías Delia Irazú Hernańdez , Patti Viviana , Rosso Paolo
Published: July 2016

Irony has been proven to be pervasive in social media, posing a challenge to sentiment analysis systems. It is a creative linguistic phenomenon where affect-related aspects play a key role. In this work, we address the problem of detecting irony in tweets, casting it as a classification problem. We propose a novel model that explores the use of affective features based on a wide range of lexical resources available for English, reflecting different facets of affect. Classification experiments over different corpora show that affective information helps in distinguishing among ironic and nonironic tweets. Our model outperforms the state of the art in almost all cases.
Model-Based Collaborative Personalized Recommendation on Signed Social Rating Networks
Authors: Costa Gianni , Ortale Riccardo
Published: July 2016

Recommendation on signed social rating networks is studied through an innovative approach. Bayesian probabilistic modeling is used to postulate a realistic generative process, wherein user and item interactions are explained by latent factors, whose relevance varies within the underlying network organization into user communities and item groups. Approximate posterior inference captures distrust propagation and drives Gibbs sampling to allow rating and (dis)trust prediction for recommendation along with the unsupervised exploratory analysis of network organization. Comparative experiments reveal the superiority of our approach in rating and link prediction on
Epinions
and
Ciao
, besides community quality and recommendation sensitivity to network organization.
Rethinking the Psychology of Leadership: From Personal Identity to Social Identity
Authors: Haslam S. Alexander , Reicher Stephen D.
Published: July 2016

Leadership is an influence process that centers on group members being motivated to reach collective goals. As such, it is ultimately proven by followership. Yet this is something that classical and contemporary approaches struggle to explain as a result of their focus on the qualities and characteristics of leaders as individuals in the abstract. To address this problem, we outline a social identity approach that explains leadership as a process grounded in an internalized sense of shared group membership that leaders create, represent, advance, and embed. This binds leaders and followers to each other and is a basis for mutual influence and focused effort. By producing qualitative transformation in the psychology of leaders and followers it also produces collective power that allows them to coproduce transformation in the world. The form that this takes then depends on the model and content of the identity around which the group is united.
The Impact of Observed Variations in the Shear-to-Strain Ratio of Internal Waves on Inferred Turbulent Diffusivities
Authors: Chinn Brian S. , Girton James B. , Alford Matthew H.
Published: July 2016

The most comprehensive studies of the spatial and temporal scales of diffusivity rely on internal wave parameterizations that require knowledge of finescale shear and strain. Studies lacking either shear or strain measurements have to assume a constant ratio between shear and strain (Rω). Data from 14 moorings collected during five field programs are examined to determine the spatial and temporal patterns in Rω and the influence of these patterns on parameterized diffusivity. Time-mean Rω ranges from 1 to 10, with changes of order 10 observed over a broad range of scales. Temporal variability in Rω is observed at daily, weekly, and monthly scales. Observed changes in Rω could produce a 2–3 times change in parameterized diffusivity. Vertical profiles of Rω, Eshear, and Estrain (shear or strain variance relative to Garret–Munk) reveal that both local topographic properties and wind variability impact the internal wave field. Time series of Rω from each mooring have strong correlations to either shear or strain, often only at a specific range of vertical wavenumbers. Sites fall into two categories, in which Rω variability is dominated by either shear or strain. Linear fits to the dominant property (i.e., shear or strain) can be used to estimate a time series of Rω that has an RMS error that is 30% less than the RMS error from assuming Rω = 3. Shear and strain level vary in concert, as predicted by the Garret–Munk model, at high Eshear values. However, at Eshear < 5, strain variations are 3 times weaker than shear.
Analysis of seismic anisotropy parameters for sedimentary strata
Authors: Yan Fuyong , Han De-Hua , Sil Samik , Chen Xue-Lian
Published: July 2016

Based on a large quantity of laboratory ultrasonic measurement data of sedimentary rocks and using Monte Carlo simulation and Backus averaging, we have analyzed the layering effects on seismic anisotropy more realistically than in previous studies. The layering effects are studied for different types of rocks under different saturation conditions. If the sedimentary strata consist of only isotropic sedimentary layers and are brine-saturated, the [Formula: see text] value for the effective transversely isotropic (TI) medium is usually negative. The [Formula: see text] value will increase noticeably and can be mostly positive if the sedimentary strata are gas bearing. Based on simulation results, [Formula: see text] can be determined by other TI elastic constants for a layered medium consisting of isotropic layers. Therefore, [Formula: see text] can be predicted from the other Thomsen parameters with confidence. The theoretical expression of [Formula: see text] for an effective TI medium consisting of isotropic sedimentary rocks can be simplified with excellent accuracy into a neat form. The anisotropic properties of the interbedding system of shales and isotropic sedimentary rocks are primarily influenced by the intrinsic anisotropy of shales. There are moderate to strong correlations among the Thomson anisotropy parameters.
Differential Responses to Vitamin D2 and Vitamin D3 Are Associated With Variations in Free 25-Hydroxyvitamin D
Authors: Chun Rene F. , Hernandez Ivan , Pereira Renata , Swinkles Leon , Huijs Tonnie , Zhou Rui , Liu Nancy Q. , Shieh Albert , Guemes Miriam , Mallya Sanjay M. , Adams John S. , Hewison Martin
Published: July 2016

25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25D) circulates bound primarily to serum vitamin D binding protein (DBP), with DBP showing higher binding affinity for 25D3 than 25D2. We therefore hypothesized that vitamin D2 (D2) promotes higher serum levels of unbound 25D (free 25D), with different functional responses, relative to vitamin D3 (D3). Week 3 C56BL/6 mice were placed on diets containing either D2 or D3 alone (both 1000 IU/kg). At week 8 and week 16, D2 mice had only 25D2 in circulation (26.6 ± 1.9 and 33.3 ± 4.4 ng/mL), and D3 mice had only 25D3 (28.3 ± 2.0 and 31.7 ± 2.1 ng/mL). At week 8 (44.5 ± 6.4 vs 62.4 ± 11.6 pg/mL, P < .05) and week 16 (78.4 ± 12.6 vs 95.5 ± 11.6), D2 mice had lower serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D relative to D3 mice. By contrast, measured free 25D was significantly higher in D2 mice at week 8 (16.8 ± 0.65 vs 8.4 ± 0.63 pg/mL, P < .001) and week 16 (17.4 ± 0.43 vs 8.4 ± 0.44, P < .001). A two-way ANOVA of bone histomorphometry showed that week 8 D2 mice had significantly higher osteoclast surface/bone surface, eroded surface/bone surface, and mineral apposition rate compared with D3 mice. Osteoblast surface/bone surface was higher in week 8 D2 females but not week 8 D2 males. At week 16, D2 mice had significantly higher bone volume/total volume and trabecular number compared with D3 mice. Differences in bone phenotype were observed despite D2 mice reaching similar serum 25D levels and lower 1,25D levels compared with D3 mice. These data indicate that 25D2 binds less well to DBP than 25D3, with resulting higher levels of free 25D promoting differential effects on bone in mice exposed to D2 alone.
Pull-off characteristics of double-shanked compared to single-shanked ligation clips: an animal study
Authors: Schenk Martin , Müller Gottfried , Greiner Tim Oliver , Fahrner Christine , Königsrainer Alfred , Thiel Christian
Published: July 2016

Background:

The use of surgical ligation clips is considered as the gold standard for the closure of vessels, particularly in laparoscopic surgery. The safety of clips is mainly achieved by the deep indentation of the metal bar with a high retention force. A novel double-shanked (DS) titanium clip was compared to two single-shanked clips with respect to axial and radial pull-off forces.

Methods:

In a porcine model (8 animals, 51±1 kg), arteries were prepared immediately after euthanisation, assigned to either a medium (2–4 mm; n=120) or a medium-large (3.5–7 mm; n=120) clip size group, and clipped with the appropriate clip size. After dissection, axial and radial pull-off forces were measured.

Results:

The axial pull-off force of the DS-Clip was higher than one single-shanked clip and comparable to the other single-shanked clip, and overall was linearly correlated to the cross-sectional area of the clip. The radial pull-off force of the DS-Clip was significantly higher than both single-shanked clips and, for the single-shanked clips, was correlated to the total clip thickness. The variation of radial pull-off force was lower for the DS-Clip due to a defined catch in the clip applier.

Conclusions:

The radial pull-off force was lower than the axial pull-off force in total and therefore appears to be the critical point of dislocation. Due to the higher total holding mass, the DS-Clip provided a clear advantage in this regard and might therefore decrease the dislocation rate. The catch in the applier increases the reproducibility in clip placement.
Estudos para automação do projeto a alvenaria racionalizada em plataformas BIM
Authors: Pinheiro Levi Teixeira , Bertini Alexandre Araújo , Cardoso Daniel Ribeiro
Published: July 2016

A presente pesquisa se trata da investigação de caminhos para automação do projeto de alvenaria em sistemas computacionais. Logo se propõe a desenvolver diagramas aplicáveis em plataformas BIM, que permitam a geração automática da paginação de alvenarias racionalizadas em dois tipos de amarração ½ e 1/3. A estratégia de pesquisa utilizada foi o constructive reasearch, tendo como base para o método de notação do comportamento do objeto paramétrico, denominado originalmente de building object behavior (BOB) desenvolvido no período de 2001 a 2004 por pesquisadores Norte Americanos como Chang Lee, Rafael Sacks e Charles Eastman. A pesquisa tem sua importância por contribuir para o desenvolvimento das plataformas BIM, em específico na etapa de projeto, otimizando na produtividade e eficiência. Ao fim da pesquisa foi possível gerar o desenvolvimento dos mesmos, ainda compreender o grau de convergências e divergências existentes entre os mesmos no quesito de diagramas computacionais.
Sistema de Gestão pela Qualidade: uma pesquisa na seara da Gestão Pública
Authors: Santos Marcos Dos , Oliveira Luís Felipe Xavier Augusto de , Quintal Renato Santiago , Lima Rogerio Dos Santos
Published: July 2016

No atual cenário onde existe demanda por parte da sociedade por serviços públicos de qualidade é possível perceber uma maior preocupação com sistemas de gestão da qualidade. As organizações contratantes de bens e serviços passam a estender seus requisitos de qualidade para suas contratadas, exigindo assim que essas passem a adotar sistemas de gestão da qualidade e de gestão ambiental e apresentem, no momento de sua contratação, certificações nesses sistemas de gestão. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo tem por objetivo investigar os fatores restritivos e os facilitadores afetos à certificação em gestão da qualidade e da gestão ambiental em duas organizações da Administração Pública. No que tange à seara metodológica, o presente artigo aplica a técnica do incidente crítico, proposta por Flanagan (1973). Os instrumentos de coleta de dados utilizados foram as entrevistas não estruturadas com profissionais pertencentes ao quadro funcional das organizações pesquisadas. Adicionalmente, foi empreendido o levantamento de dados por meio de questionários - contendo perguntas fechadas e abertas - disponibilizados por e-mail. No que tange aos dados coletados a partir das entrevistas face a face e dos questionários, foi empreendida a análise multiparadigmal de Meyerson e Martin (1987), a qual consiste em promover o relacionamento das percepções de determinado grupo com as perspectivas da Integração, Diferenciação e Fragmentação. Verificou-se que, nos dias atuais, as certificações assumem um papel relevante na seara empresarial, revelando-se como um diferencial competitivo no contexto globalizado, tanto para contratantes como contratadas. Contudo, questão crucial é observada quando as certificações deixam de ser uma atividade “meio” e passam a ser uma atividade “fim”, implicando em significativo dispêndio de recursos materiais e humanos.
Idoso com situs inversus totalis e câncer de reto: estudo de caso
Authors: Rodrigues Andrea Bezerra , Oliveira Patrícia Peres , Beserra Dayane Cindy de Castro , Almeida Camila Nogueira Colares , Arruda Ticiana Diva Prado , Silveira Edilene Aparecida Araújo da
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: operacionalizar o processo de enfermagem para um idoso com câncer de reto e situs inversus totalis baseado no Modelo de Adaptação de Callista Roy utilizando NANDA-I, Classificação dos Resultados de Enfermagem e Classificação das Intervenções  de  Enfermagem.  Método:  estudo  de  caso  qualitativo,  realizado  em  um hospital localizado no estado do Ceará, com um idoso com câncer de reto e malformação congênita  rara  situs  inversus  totalis,  no  período  de  outubro  a  dezembro  de  2014.  A pesquisa  foi  aprovada  pelo  Comitê  de  Ética  e  Pesquisa,  protocolo  número  888.606. Resultados:  observou-se  que  o  cuidado  ao  idoso  favoreceu  a  sua  adaptação,  pois  à medida  que  as  intervenções/atividades  foram  implementadas  e  avaliadas,  o  paciente apresentou  melhora  diante  dos   estímulos,  o  que  possibilitou alcançar  as  metas estabelecidas.  Conclusão:  a  utilização  da  teoria  de  Roy  permitiu reconhecer  que  as metas e as ações implementadas foram primordiais na passagem de respostas ineficazes para respostas adaptativas.
Prevalência de úlcera por pressão em um hospital de emergência: estudo transversal
Authors: Bernardes Rodrigo Magri , Caliri Maria Helena Larcher
Published: July 2016

Objetivos: identificar a prevalência pontual de úlcera por pressão em um  hospital  de  emergência  e  nos  diferentes  setores;  investigar  a  associação  entre presença  da  úlcera  e  variáveis  demográficas  e  clínicas.  Método:  estudo  transversal, descritivo,  analítico,  realizado  em  um  único  dia  em  um  hospital público  de  ensino universitário  de  emergência,  com  87  pacientes  adultos  e  idosos  internados  em  todo o hospital. Foi realizada avaliação de risco para úlcera por pressão e inspeção da pele dos pacientes.  Resultados:  prevalência  pontual  de  úlcera  por  pressão  na  instituição  foi  de 40%.  A  prevalência  pontual  foi  mais  elevada  na  unidade  de  tratamento  intensivo. Encontrou-se associação entre presença de úlcera e maior quantidade de medicamentos, maior  tempo  de  internação  e  menores  escores  da  Escala  de  Braden.  Conclusão:  os métodos utilizados para a avaliação da prevalência podem ser utilizados por enfermeiros em  pesquisas  operacionais,  para  avaliar  o  contexto  do  problema,  e em  estudos científicos,   que   permitem   a   comparação   dos   resultados   no   contexto  nacional   e internacional.
Sentimentos de gestantes de risco durante a fase de indução: estudo descritivo
Authors: Lima Bruna Celia da Silva , Ribeiro Magna Maria Alves , Martins Elizabeth Rose Costa , Ramos Raquel Conceição de Almeida , Francisco Marcio Tadeu Ribeiro , Lima Dalmo Valério Machado de
Published: July 2016

Objetivos:  descrever  como  as  mulheres  com  gestação  de  risco perceberam  o  momento  da  indução  do  trabalho  de  parto  e  discutir os  sentimentos aflorados neste momento. Método: pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, com dez  puérperas  em  gestação  de  risco  e  parto  induzido  em  um  hospital  universitário  no município do Rio de Janeiro. A coleta dos dados ocorreu entre março e abril de 2015 por meio  de  entrevista  semiestruturada.  Empregou-se  a  análise  de  conteúdo  temática. Resultados:  os  sentimentos  desvelados  foram  aceitação,  resignação,  dor,  medo  e insatisfação. Sentimentos positivos emergiram em relação ao nascimento do filho, como amor   e  fé.   Conclusão:   as   puérperas   apresentam   principalmente   sentimentos   de resignação, sofrimento e insatisfação com a vivência da indução do trabalho de parto. As práticas adotadas não estão sendo efetivas para estabelecer a relação de cuidado neste momento  tão  singular  e  feminino  e  requerem  maior  observância  pela  enfermagem  e demais profissionais de saúde.
Manejo terapêutico e preventivo da osteorradionecrose: revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: David Edielly Fernanda , Ribeiro Cássio Vinhadelli , Macedo Dhiancarlo Rocha , Florentino Ana Carolina Andrade , Guedes Cizelene Do Carmo Faleiro Veloso
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura com o intuito de discutir sobre o manejo preventivo e terapêutico da ORN. Material e Métodos: Para isso foi realizada buscas nas bases de dados: Medical Literature Analysis (PubMed / MEDLINE) e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). A amostra final foi composta por 12 estudos publicados entre 2011-2015. Resultados: Esses estudos mostraram aspectos relacionados à prevenção e às diversas formas de tratamento da ORN, tais como oxigenoterapia hiperbárica, abordagem farmacológica e cirúrgica. Conclusão: Considera-se fundamental os cuidados odontológicos preventivos antes da radioterapia e o desenvolvimento de estudos controle, randomizados, que tenham como objetivo avaliar qual a terapêutica mais eficaz no tratamento da ORN.
Apresentação - Dossiê
Authors: Abreu Martha , Carvalho Filho Sílvio
Published: July 2016

Apresentamos ao público o dossiê “Ensino da História da África e da Cultura Afro-brasileira”, elaborado por especialistas,professores e pesquisadores da área. Nosso objetivo foi reunir trabalhos que discutissem as conquistas resultantes da implantação da obrigatoriedade legal do estudo da História da África e do Negro no Brasil, assim como os limites, problemas e desafios com que se defrontam os profissionais de educação que assumem tão importante tarefa. Nosso dossiê visa também oferecer aos leitores, especialmente aos educadores e aos interessados em geral, caminhos de trabalhos pedagógicos e reflexões teóricas no que diz respeito ao “Ensino da História da África e da Cultura Afro-brasileira”.
Da Escola Isolada Mista da Vila do Espírito Santo do Curipi à escola diferenciada entre os Karipuna: entrelaçamentos na história da educação escolar indígena
Authors: Brito Edson Machado de
Published: July 2016

O presente texto, baseado na minha tesede doutorado, apresenta a educação karipuna do Amapá no contexto da educação escolar indígena diferenciada na Aldeia Espírito Santo, no processo de implantação e funcionamento da Escola Isolada Mista da Vila do Espírito Santo do Curipi, situada na Terra Indígena do povo Karipuna, na região do Oiapoque,na década de 1930. O tema se entrelaça com a história da educação escolar indígena no Brasil, pontuando as mudanças ocorridas a partir dos anos 1980, principalmenteem decorrência das conquistas constitucionais e da legislação subsequente,que aponta possibilidades para uma educação escolar diferenciada.
Public Health Detailing—A Successful Strategy to Promote Judicious Opioid Analgesic Prescribing
Authors: Kattan Jessica A. , Tuazon Ellenie , Paone Denise , Dowell Deborah , Vo Linda , Starrels Joanna L. , Jones Christopher M. , Kunins Hillary V.
Published: July 2016

Objectives. To evaluate knowledge and prescribing changes following a 2-month public health detailing campaign (one-to-one educational visits) about judicious opioid analgesic prescribing conducted among health care providers in Staten Island, New York City, in 2013.

Methods. Three detailing campaign recommendations were (1) a 3-day supply of opioids is usually sufficient for acute pain, (2) avoid prescribing opioids for chronic noncancer pain, and (3) avoid high-dose opioid prescriptions. Evaluation consisted of a knowledge survey, and assessing prescribing rates and median day supply per prescription. Prescribing data from the 3-month period before the campaign were compared with 2 sequential 3-month periods after the campaign.

Results. Among 866 health care providers visited, knowledge increased for all 3 recommendations (P < .01). After the campaign, the overall prescribing rate decreased similarly in Staten Island and other New York City counties (boroughs), but the high-dose prescribing rate decreased more in Staten Island than in other boroughs (P < .01). Median day supply remained stable in Staten Island and increased in other boroughs.

Conclusions. The public health detailing campaign improved knowledge and likely prescribing practices and could be considered by other jurisdictions to promote judicious opioid prescribing.
Periodontology: The historical outline from ancient times until the 20th century
Authors: Brkic Zlata , Pavlic Verica
Published: July 2016

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Der Einfluss der elterlichen Trennung im Jugendalter auf die Depressivität von Jugendlichen
Authors: Feldhaus Michael , Timm Andreas
Published: July 2016

This paper investigates the relationship between parental divorce and the occurrence of depressive symptoms in adolescents, with a particular focus on the quality of parent-child relationships. We use data from the youth cohort (15-17 years old at the time of the first interview) of the first four waves of the Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics (abbreviated as pairfam). Panel regressions models, such as fixedeffects models and so-called hybrid models are applied to analyze the causal effects of parental divorce. Our results confirm previous research, in particular from English-speaking countries, that parental divorce or separation increase depressive symptoms significantly. This effect is particularly relevant in high-conflict relationships between children and their mother and father, respectively, while in parent-child relations characterized by high levels of intimacy the negative effects are considerably reduced.

Zusammenfassung

Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht mit aktuell verfügbaren Längsschnittdaten den Zusammenhang zwischen elterlichen Trennungen und der Depressivität von Jugendlichen. Hierbei werden insbesondere die zugrundeliegenden Beziehungsdynamiken zwischen Eltern und ihren Kindern berücksichtigt. Ziel ist es, mit aktuellen, repräsentativen Daten, die überwiegend aus dem angloamerikanischen Raum stammenden Ergebnisse zum Zusammenhang zwischen elterlichen Trennungen und der Depressivität von Jugendlichen für Deutschland zu untersuchen. Für die empirischen Analysen wird die Jugendkohorte des Beziehungs- und Familienpanels (pairfam) und hierbei die Daten der ersten vier Wellen aufbereitet. Es werden erstmals für den deutschen Kontext sowohl fixed-effects-Modelle als auch sogenannte Hybrid-Modelle gerechnet, um stärker unverzerrte, intraindividuelle Veränderungen zu erfassen. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen den Befund, dass eine elterliche Trennung während des Jugendalters trotz der hohen Verbreitung und allgemeinen Akzeptanz von Trennungen und Scheidungen die Depressivität von Jugendlichen signifikant erhöht. Dieser Befund trifft jedoch vor allem für konflikthafte Familienbeziehungen zu, während Beziehungen, die auf Intimität und Geborgenheit ausgerichtet sind, den Effekt der Scheidung deutlich reduzieren und eine erfolgreichere Anpassung bewirken.
Gravity-Based Precise Cell Manipulation System Enhanced by In-Phase Mechanism
Authors: Mizoue Koji , Phan Manh , Tsai Chia-Hung , Kaneko Makoto , Kang Junsu , Chung Wan
Published: July 2016

This paper proposes a gravity-based system capable of generating high-resolution pressure for precise cell manipulation or evaluation in a microfluidic channel. While the pressure resolution of conventional pumps for microfluidic applications is usually about hundreds of pascals as the resolution of their feedback sensors, precise cell manipulation at the pascal level cannot be done. The proposed system successfully achieves a resolution of 100 millipascals using water head pressure with an in-phase noise cancelation mechanism. The in-phase mechanism aims to suppress the noises from ambient vibrations to the system. The proposed pressure system is tested with a microfluidic platform for pressure validation. The experimental results show that the in-phase mechanism effectively reduces the pressure turbulence, and the pressure-driven cell movement matches the theoretical simulations. Preliminary experiments on deformability evaluation with red blood cells under incremental pressures of one pascal are successfully performed. Different deformation patterns are observed from cell to cell under precise pressure control.
Microchambers with Solid-State Phosphorescent Sensor for Measuring Single Mitochondrial Respiration
Authors: Pham Ted , Wallace Douglas , Burke Peter
Published: July 2016

It is now well established that, even within a single cell, multiple copies of the mitochondrial genome may be present (genetic heteroplasmy). It would be interesting to develop techniques to determine if and to what extent this genetic variation results in functional variation from one mitochondrion to the next (functional heteroplasmy). Measuring mitochondrial respiration can reveal the organelles’ functional capacity for Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and determine mitochondrial damage that may arise from genetic or age related defects. However, available technologies require significant quantities of mitochondria. Here, we develop a technology to assay the respiration of a single mitochondrion. Our “micro-respirometer” consists of micron sized chambers etched out of borofloat glass substrates and coated with an oxygen sensitive phosphorescent dye Pt(II) meso-tetra(pentafluorophenyl)porphine (PtTFPP) mixed with polystyrene. The chambers are sealed with a polydimethylsiloxane layer coated with oxygen impermeable Viton rubber to prevent diffusion of oxygen from the environment. As the mitochondria consume oxygen in the chamber, the phosphorescence signal increases, allowing direct determination of the respiration rate. Experiments with coupled vs. uncoupled mitochondria showed a substantial difference in respiration, confirming the validity of the microchambers as single mitochondrial respirometers. This demonstration could enable future high-throughput assays of mitochondrial respiration and benefit the study of mitochondrial functional heterogeneity, and its role in health and disease.